bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Coadministered Ruxolitinib and Artemether-Lumefantrine in Healthy Adults
Authors: Chughlay M. Farouk , Barnes Karen I. , El Gaaloul Myriam , Abla Nada , Möhrle Jörg J. , Griffin Paul , van Giersbergen Paul , Reuter Stephanie E. , Schultz Hayley B. , Kress Anita , Tapley Peter , Webster Rebecca A. , Wells Timothy , McCarthy James S. , Barber Bridget E. , Marquart Louise , Boyle Michelle J. , Engwerda Christian R. , Chalon Stephan
Published: October 2021

Despite repeated malaria infection, individuals living in areas where malaria is endemic remain vulnerable to reinfection. The Janus kinase (JAK1/2) inhibitor ruxolitinib could potentially disrupt the parasite-induced dysfunctional immune response when administered with antimalarial therapy.
Importance and role of independent data monitoring committees (IDMCs) in oncology clinical trials
Authors: Schöffski P
Published: October 2021

The role and use of independent data monitoring committees (IDMCs) has evolved over the past decades. The Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency have issued guidelines on the role and functioning of such committees. In general, data monitoring committees are recommended for large, often randomised clinical trials involving life-threatening diseases, studies performed in vulnerable populations or where the experimental intervention can potentially harm the trial participant. Such committees play an important role in trials evaluating treatments with the potential to prolong life or reduce the risk of major adverse health outcomes.

Typically, oncology clinical trials fall within these recommendations, as they are often large, randomised, multicentric protocols aiming at improving survival outcomes by exploring the use of study treatments that may be associated with a significant risk of serious, even life-threatening adverse events. IDMCs are required for National Cancer Institute phase III randomised trials, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer phase II/III trials with formal interim analyses, early-stopping rules or adaptive studies. The primary role of an IDMC of ensuring the safety of study participants and maintaining clinical trial integrity is particularly important in oncology trials, due to the nature of the disease, the potential for treatment toxicity and for instilling confidence that the clinical trial data are reliable. A clear understanding by IDMC members of the natural course of the disease, treatment landscape, importance and relevance of certain adverse events in trial participants, clinical trial methodology in general and stopping rules for oncology trials in particular, is crucial for the functioning of an IDMC.

It is recommended that IDMC members should be experienced trialists, have a track record of strong clinical, statistical and/or methodological expertise and the required level of independence, as they play a highly important role in the protection of study participants, and in commercially and strategically important go/no decisions. Ideally, IDMC members should have relevant experience or have some training, mentorship or guidelines.
Diabetes, hypertension, body mass index, smoking and COVID-19-related mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Mahamat-Saleh Yahya , Fiolet Thibault , Rebeaud Mathieu Edouard , Mulot Matthieu , Guihur Anthony , El Fatouhi Douae , Laouali Nasser , Peiffer-Smadja Nathan , Aune Dagfinn , Severi Gianluca
Published: October 2021

Objectives

We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of observational studies to investigate the association between diabetes, hypertension, body mass index (BMI) or smoking with the risk of death in patients with COVID-19 and to estimate the proportion of deaths attributable to these conditions.

Methods

Relevant observational studies were identified by searches in the PubMed, Cochrane library and Embase databases through 14 November 2020. Random-effects models were used to estimate summary relative risks (SRRs) and 95% CIs. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the Cochrane methods and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations framework.

Results

A total of 186 studies representing 210 447 deaths among 1 304 587 patients with COVID-19 were included in this analysis. The SRR for death in patients with COVID-19 was 1.54 (95% CI 1.44 to 1.64, I2=92%, n=145, low certainty) for diabetes and 1.42 (95% CI 1.30 to 1.54, I2=90%, n=127, low certainty) for hypertension compared with patients without each of these comorbidities. Regarding obesity, the SSR was 1.45 (95% CI 1.31 to 1.61, I2=91%, n=54, high certainty) for patients with BMI ≥30 kg/m2compared with those with BMI <30 kg/m2and 1.12 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.17, I2=68%, n=25) per 5 kg/m2increase in BMI. There was evidence of a J-shaped non-linear dose–response relationship between BMI and mortality from COVID-19, with the nadir of the curve at a BMI of around 22–24, and a 1.5–2-fold increase in COVID-19 mortality with extreme obesity (BMI of 40–45). The SRR was 1.28 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.40, I2=74%, n=28, low certainty) for ever, 1.29 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.62, I2=84%, n=19) for current and 1.25 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.42, I2=75%, n=14) for former smokers compared with never smokers. The absolute risk of COVID-19 death was increased by 14%, 11%, 12% and 7% for diabetes, hypertension, obesity and smoking, respectively. The proportion of deaths attributable to diabetes, hypertension, obesity and smoking was 8%, 7%, 11% and 2%, respectively.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that diabetes, hypertension, obesity and smoking were associated with higher COVID-19 mortality, contributing to nearly 30% of COVID-19 deaths.

Trial registration number

CRD42020218115.
Epilepsy and mortality: a retrospective cohort analysis with a nested case–control study identifying causes and risk factors from primary care and linkage-derived data
Authors: Wojewodka Gabriella , Gulliford Martin C , Ashworth Mark , Richardson Mark P , Ridsdale Leone
Published: October 2021

Objectives

People with epilepsy (PWE) have a higher mortality rate than the general population. Epilepsy-related deaths have increased despite all-cause mortality decreasing in the general population pre-COVID-19. We hypothesised that clinical and lifestyle factors may identify people more at risk.

Design

We used a retrospective cohort study to explore cause of death and a nested case–control study to identify risk factors.

Setting

We explored factors associated with mortality using primary care population data from 1 April 2004 to 31 March 2014. Data were obtained from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink which compiles anonymised patient data from primary care in the UK. Cause of death data was supplemented from the Office of National Statistics when available.

Participants

The analysis included 70 431 PWE, with 11 241 registered deaths.

Results

The number of deaths within the database increased by 69% between the first and last year of the study. Epilepsy was considered as a contributing cause in approximately 45% of deaths of PWE under 35. Factors associated with increased risk of death included attendance at emergency departments and/or emergency admissions (OR 3.48, 95% CI 3.19 to 3.80), antiepileptic drug (AED) polytherapy (2 AEDs: OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.51 to 1.71; 3 AEDs: OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.86 to 2.29; 4+AEDs: OR 2.62, 95% CI 2.23 to 3.08), status epilepticus (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.64 to 4.71), depression (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.57 to 1.76) and injuries (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.43 to 1.67). No seizures in the prior year (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.65).

Conclusion

Our results add to existing evidence that deaths in epilepsy are increasing. Future studies could focus on identifying PWE at high risk and addressing them with clinical interventions or better self-management. Identifying specific risk factors for younger people should be a priority as epilepsy may be a factor in close to half of deaths of PWE under 35 years of age.
PD-L2 glycosylation promotes immune evasion and predicts anti-EGFR efficacy
Authors: Xu Yiqi , Gao Zhenyue , Hu Ruxin , Wang Yuqing , Wang Yuhong , Su Zheng , Zhang Xiaoyue , Yang Jingxuan , Mei Mei , Ren Yu , Li Min , Zhou Xuan
Published: October 2021

Background

Combination therapy has been explored for advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) owing to the limited efficacy of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy. Increased expression and glycosylation of immune checkpoint molecules in tumors are responsible for cetuximab therapy refractoriness. The role of programmed death ligand 2 (PD-L2), a ligand of PD-1, in the immune function is unclear. Here, we examined the regulatory mechanism of PD-L2 glycosylation and its role in antitumor immunity and cetuximab therapy.

Methods

Single-cell RNA sequencing and immunohistochemical staining were used to investigate PD-L2 expression in cetuximab-resistant/sensitive HNSCC tissues. The mechanism of PD-L2 glycosylation regulation was explored in vitro. The effects of PD-L2 glycosylation on immune evasion and cetuximab efficacy were verified in vitro and using mice bearing orthotopic SCC7 tumors.

Results

The PD-L2 levels were elevated andN-glycosylated in patients with cetuximab-resistant HNSCC. Glycosylated PD-L2 formed a complex with EGFR, which resulted in the activation of EGFR/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling and decreased the cetuximab binding affinity to EGFR. TheN-glycosyltransferase fucosyltransferase (FUT8), a transcriptional target of STAT3, was required for PD-L2 glycosylation. Moreover, glycosylation modification stabilized PD-L2 by blocking ubiquitin-dependent lysosomal degradation, which consequently promoted its binding to PD-1 and immune evasion. Inhibition of PD-L2 glycosylation using Stattic, a specific STAT3 inhibitor, or PD-L2 mutation blocking its binding to FUT8, increased cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity and augmented response to cetuximab.

Conclusions

Increased expression and glycosylation of PD-L2 in tumors are an important mechanism for cetuximab therapy refractoriness. Thus, the combination of PD-L2 glycosylation inhibition and cetuximab is a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer.
Risk of psychiatric disorders and all-cause mortality with belimumab therapy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Xie Wenhui , Huang Hong , Zhan Siyan , Zhang Zhuoli
Published: October 2021

Objectives

To evaluate the risk of psychiatric disorders and all-cause mortality associated with belimumab therapy in patients with SLE.

Methods

A literature search of four electronic bibliographic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and Cochrane databases, was conducted for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) reporting adverse reactions between belimumab and placebo. OR and 95% CI were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel method with fixed-effects or random-effects model, depending on the heterogeneity test.

Results

In total, 11 eligible RCTs including 8824 patients with SLE were randomised into belimumab (5160 patients with 5552 patient-years) and placebo (3664 patients with 3985 patient-years) groups, respectively. Overall, no increased risk was identified with belimumab therapy at all dosages compared with placebo in patients with SLE regarding all psychiatric disorders (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.23, I2=58%) and all-cause mortality (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.89, I2=0%). The subgroup analysis of psychiatric disorders also revealed no statistically elevated risks in serious psychiatric disorders (OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.70, I2=47%), non-serious psychiatric disorders (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.60 to 1.16, I2=52%), suicidal ideation or behaviour (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.33, I2=0%), and depression (OR 1.29, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.85, I2=15%). Secondary analysis restricting belimumab at approved dose of 10 mg/kg only yielded similar results.

Conclusion

Belimumab therapy overall does not increase psychiatric events and all-cause mortality risks, whereas the results from Belimumab Assessment of Safety in SLE Study are suggestive of increased risk of psychiatric adverse events with belimumab exposure. Consequently, post-marketing data are needed to ascertain its psychiatric safety, especially serious mental disorders.
Picoradiant tiltmeter and direct ground tilt measurements at the Sos Enattos site
Authors: Allocca Annalisa , Avino Saverio , Calloni Enrico , Caprara Sergio , Carpinelli Massimo , D’Urso Domenico , De Laurentis Martina , De Rosa Rosario , Errico L. , Gagliardi G. , Grilli Marco , Mangano Valentina , Marsella Maria , Naticchioni Luca , Pasqualetti Antonio , Pepe Gianpiero , Perciballi Maurizio , Pesenti Luca , Puppo Paola , Rapagnani Piero , Ricci Fulvio , Rosa Luigi , Rovelli Carlo , Rozza Davide , Ruggi P. , Saini Naurang L. , Sequino Valeria , Sipala Valeria , Stornaiuolo Daniela , Tafuri Francesco
Published: October 2021

We report the tilt sensitivity reached by the ARCHIMEDES tiltmeter in the 2–20 Hz frequency region, where seismic noise is expected to give an important limitation to the sensitivity in the next future Gravitational Waves detection, particularly through Newtonian noise. The tilt noise level $$\tilde{\theta }(f)$$

θ
~

(
f
)

is about $$10^{-12} \mathrm{rad}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$$

10

-
12

rad
/

Hz

in most of the band, reaching the minimum of $$\tilde{\theta } = 7\cdot 10^{-13} \mathrm{rad}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$$

θ
~

=
7
·

10

-
13

rad
/

Hz

around 9 Hz. The tiltmeter is a beam balance with a 0.5 m suspended arm and interferometric optical readout, working in closed loop. The results have been obtained by a direct measurement of the ground tilt at the Sos Enattos site (Sardinia, Italy). This sensitivity is a requirement to use the tiltmeter as part of an effective Newtonian noise reduction system for present Gravitational Waves detectors, and also confirms that Sos Enattos is among the quietest sites in the world, suitable to host the third-generation Gravitational Waves detector Einstein Telescope.
IR challenges and the machine detector interface at FCC-ee
Authors: Boscolo Manuela , Burkhardt Helmut , Oide Katsunobu , Sullivan Michael K.
Published: October 2021

The FCC-ee, with its unprecedented luminosity goal and high energy reach, creates challenges and requires solutions to many issues in order to produce a realistic design for the complex machine detector interface. The interaction region design for the FCC-ee adopts the crab-waist collision scheme and proposes an elegant local chromaticity correction system. An asymmetric layout of nearby dipoles suppresses the critical energy of synchrotron radiation incoming to the detector at the interaction point to a maximum value of 100 keV. The main challenge of the FCC-ee machine detector interface design is to combine the many conflicting accelerator and 2 T detector constraints, aiming for the optimal trade-off choices that simultaneously allow for a best machine performance in terms of integrated luminosity and data taking efficiency. Much of the success of the FCC-ee will be related to the interaction region design, as a result of the ingredients coming from areas of accelerator physics, mechanical engineering and detector optimization.
Mathematical modeling and simulation of mechano-chemical effect on two-phase avascular tumor
Authors: Sinha Sweta , Singh Paramjeet
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we derive the mathematical model that allows chemotaxis in avascular tumor growth in a two-phase medium. The two phases are the viscous cell phase and the inviscid fluid phase. The conservation of mass–momentum is incorporated in each phase, and appropriate constitutive laws are applied to formulate the governing equations. Further, these equations are simplified into three main variables: cell volume fraction, cell velocity, and nutrient concentration. These variables generate a coupled system of nonlinear partial differential equations. A numerical scheme based on the finite volume method is applied to approximate the solution of cell volume fraction. The finite element method is applied to approximate the solutions of cell velocity and nutrient concentration. In this research paper, we investigate tumor growth when tumor cells move along a fluid containing a diffusible nutrient to which the cells are drawn. We perform some numerical simulations to show the effect of the parameters. The findings of this literature are compatible with the existing literature.
On Reliable Computation of Lifetime in Transient Chaos
Authors: Xu Tianzhuang , Xie Bin , Liao Shijun
Published: October 2021

Transient chaos is typical behavior of dynamical systems. The computation of lifetimes is a significant task in transient chaos and relates to many applications, such as finding a long-lived trajectory to approximate chaotic saddle in high precision or controlling of transient chaos. However, the lifetime of a single initial point may vary drastically when computed with different numerical setups, indicating that the computed lifetime is likely to be incorrect. In this paper, the Lorenz equation is used as a benchmark to study the computation of lifetimes with a new numerical strategy, namely the Clean Numerical Simulation (CNS). We illustrate that the lifetime can only be computed reliably by the CNS. The mechanism of the imprecision of lifetime computed with traditional numerical methods is also analyzed via numerical experiments. In addition, the computation of long-lived trajectories is studied as an example to explain why reliable computation of lifetimes is crucial.
Complexity in a Hybrid van der Pol System
Authors: Naudot Vincent , Kepley Shane , Kalies William D.
Published: October 2021

In this work, we study, from a numerical point of view, the dynamics of a specific hybrid map which is that of the kicked van der Pol system. The dynamics of this system is generated by a two-stage procedure: the first stage is the time-[Formula: see text] map of the vector field associated with the van der Pol equation, and the second stage is a translation. We propose a numerical method for computing local (un)stable manifolds of a given fixed point, which leads to high order polynomial parameterization of the embedding. Such a representation of the dynamics on the manifold is obtained in terms of a simple conjugacy relation and by constructing two contracting operators. We illustrate our techniques by plotting (for specific values of the parameters) both stable and unstable manifolds displaying homoclinic intersection. Furthermore, our numerical study reveals the presence of a strange attractor included in the closure of the unstable manifold of the fixed point.
The Performance of Five Extended Bond-Based Peridynamic Models on Crack Simulation
Authors: Guo Xian Yang , Chu Xi Hua
Published: October 2021

Peridynamics (PDs) is a nonlocal continuum mechanics theory used to solve fracture and failure problems. The classical bond-based peridynamics (BBPDs) involves one parameter to describe the microelastic bond stretch response, which makes the Poisson’s ratio restricted. In previous studies, kinds of extended bond-based peridynamic (EBBPD) models were proposed to deal with the limitation of Poisson’s ratio in BBPDs. In this paper, four benchmarks with different load conditions are designed to compare the performance of five EBBPD models and to investigate the effects of model parameters on crack propagation. Results show that compared with BBPDs, the crack patterns of the EBBPD models have the main form of BBPDs; on the other hand, the introduction of tangential stiffness makes the form of crack tend to shear failure, and the increase of tangential stiffness will enhance this effect. The crack patterns transition of wing cracks from tensile failure to mixed tensile–shear failure when the tangential stiffness increases. For the models with rotational stiffness, the rotational stiffness affects the width and propagation direction of the secondary crack and makes the trends to shear failure. Besides, the rotational stiffness affects the forms of crack coalescence and divides the results of these five models into three types.
World of hackcraft
Authors: Bainbridge William Sims
Published: October 2021

From the intersection of computational science and technological speculation, with boundaries limited only by our ability to imagine what could be.
Qubit devices inch toward reality
Authors: Greengard Samuel
Published: October 2021

Key questions and challenges remain, including how to scale qubit devices while reducing noise and errors to the point where the devices become useful.
Multi-itinerary optimization as cloud service
Authors: Cristian Alexandru , Marshall Luke , Negrea Mihai , Stoichescu Flavius , Cao Peiwei , Menache Ishai
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we describe multi-itinerary optimization (MIO)---a novel Bing Maps service that automates the process of building itineraries for multiple agents while optimizing their routes to minimize travel time or distance. MIO can be used by organizations with a fleet of vehicles and drivers, mobile salesforce, or a team of personnel in the field, to maximize workforce efficiency. It supports a variety of constraints, such as service time windows, duration, priority, pickup and delivery dependencies, and vehicle capacity. MIO also considers traffic conditions between locations, resulting in algorithmic challenges at multiple levels (e.g., calculating time-dependent travel-time distance matrices at scale and scheduling services for multiple agents).

To support an end-to-end cloud service with turnaround times of a few seconds, our algorithm design targets a sweet spot between accuracy and performance. Toward that end, we build a scalable approach based on the ALNS metaheuristic. Our experiments show that accounting for traffic significantly improves solution quality: MIO finds efficient routes that avoid late arrivals, whereas traffic-agnostic approaches result in a 15% increase in the combined travel time and the lateness of an arrival. Furthermore, our approach generates itineraries with substantially higher quality than a cutting-edge heuristic (LKH), with faster running times for large instances.
We are not users
Authors: Reich Yoram , Subrahmanian Eswaran
Published: October 2021

Seeking a more selective approach to technology usage.
Text and data mining of in-copyright works
Authors: Samuelson Pamela
Published: October 2021

How copyright law might be an impediment to text and data mining research.
Explicative programming
Authors: Repenning Alexander , Basawapatna Ashok
Published: October 2021

Making Computational Thinking relevant to schools.
Acute cardiometabolic effects of brief active breaks in sitting for patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Pinto Ana J. , Meireles Kamila , Peçanha Tiago , Mazzolani Bruna C. , Smaira Fabiana I. , Rezende Diego , Benatti Fabiana B. , Ribeiro Ana C. M. , Pinto Ana L. S. , Lima Fernanda R. , Shinjo Samuel K. , Dantas Wagner S. , Mellett Natalie A. , Meikle Peter J. , Owen Neville , Dunstan David W. , Roschel Hamilton , Gualano Bruno
Published: October 2021

Exercise is a treatment in rheumatoid arthritis but is challenging for some patients. Light-intensity breaks in sitting could be a promising alternative. Our findings show beneficial, but differential, cardiometabolic effects of active breaks in sitting and exercise in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Breaks in sitting mainly improved glycemic and inflammatory markers, whereas exercise improved lipidomic and hypotensive responses. Breaks in sitting show promise in offsetting aspects of cardiometabolic disturbance associated with prolonged sitting in rheumatoid arthritis.
Research on Students’ Mental Health Based on Data Mining Algorithms
Authors: Luo Mengjun
Published: October 2021

With the diversification and rapid development of society, people’s living conditions, learning and friendship conditions, and employment conditions are facing increasing pressure, which greatly challenges people’s psychological endurance. Therefore, strengthening the mental health education of students has become an urgent need of society and a hot issue of common concern. In order to solve the problems of high misjudgment rate and low work efficiency in the current mental health intelligence evaluation process, a mental health intelligence evaluation system based on a joint optimization algorithm is proposed. The joint optimization algorithm consists of an improved decision tree algorithm and an improved ANN algorithm. First, analyze the current research status of mental health intelligence evaluation, and construct the framework of mental health intelligence evaluation system; then collect mental health intelligence evaluation data based on data mining, use joint learning algorithm to analyze and classify mental health intelligence evaluation data, and obtain mental health intelligence evaluation results. Finally, through specific simulation experiments, the feasibility and superiority of the mental health intelligent evaluation system are analyzed. The results show that the system in the article overcomes the shortcomings of the existing mental health intelligence evaluation system, improves the accuracy of mental health intelligence evaluation, and improves the efficiency of mental health intelligence evaluation. It has good system stability and can meet the actual current situation, which are requirements for mental health intelligence evaluation.
Eco-Economic Environment Coupling Based on Urban RSEI Theory
Authors: Lu Yitong , Li Minghang
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Ecological environment is the foundation of social and economic development, and the coordinated development of social economy and ecological environment is one of the hotspots in urban sustainable development research. Traditional ecological economic measurement methods usually have problems such as difficulty in data acquisition and difficulty in pasteurization. In recent years, with the rise of global remote sensing technology, remote sensing has also been used to observe human social and economic activities. Remote sensing data have been created for the limitations of traditional statistical data with the advantages of being independent in the field of ecological and economic measurement. Methodology. This paper uses luminous remote sensing technique to obtain the visible-near-infrared electromagnetic wave information emitted from the surface at night under cloudless conditions and MODIS data combined with urban RSEI theory to quantitatively invert the ecological environment quality of the study area in 2019 based on a remote sensing perspective, taking a certain urban agglomeration in China as the research area. And it is continuous in time and space. Therefore, the coordination degree of remote sensing data should be fully explored in quantitative research. For proper analysis, regression was used. Research Content and Results. 2019 MODIS data were used to retrieve the six vegetation-related ecological environment factors in the study area and combine the urban RSEI theory to construct the remote sensing ecological comprehensive index of the study area, and the vegetation ecological environment quality and spatial agglomeration characteristics were evaluated. The results showed that vegetation coverage, leaf area index, total primary productivity, and surface moisture make positive contributions to the ecosystem of the study area. Based on the theoretical basis of coupling coordination theory, ecological economic theory, and sustainable development, we measured the degree of coordinated development between the social economic system and the ecological environment system in the study area from 2018 to the future period and combined the research results with the study area. The actual situation explores the practice path of benign coupling of the ecological economy. Conclusion. This paper is completely based on the research ideas of remote sensing data to measure the socioeconomic level and ecological environment quality and proves that remote sensing data and urban RESI theory are efficient and reliable new tools for the coordinated development of ecological economics. The research results can provide a development plan for urban agglomeration.
Sentiment Analysis for Necessary Preview of 30-Day Mortality in Sepsis Patients and the Control Strategies
Authors: Zou Yanqun , Wang Jian , Lei Zheng , Zhang Yuanjun , Wang Wenfeng
Published: October 2021

This study was to preview the risk of 30-day mortality in sepsis patients using sentiment analysis. The clinical data of patients and nursing notes were collected from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III) database. The factors influencing 30-day mortality were analyzed using the Cox regression model. And, the prognostic index (PI) was estimated. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the PI cut-off point and assess the prediction ability of the model. In total, 1844 of 3560 patients were eligible for the study, with a 30-day mortality of 37.58%. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that sentiment polarity scores, sentiment subjectivity scores, simplified acute physiology score (SAPS)-II, age, and intensive care unit (ICU) types were all associated with the risk of 30-day mortality (

P
<
0.05

). In the preview of 30-day mortality, the area under the curve (AUC) of ROC was 0.78 (95%CI: 0.74–0.81,

P
<
0.001

) when the cut-off point of PI was 0.467. The documented notes from nurses were described for the first time. Sentiment scores measured in nursing notes are associated with the risk of 30-day mortality in sepsis patients and may improve the preview of 30-day mortality.
Music Education to Rescue Psychological Stress in Social Crisis Based on Fuzzy Prediction Algorithm
Authors: Wang Jian
Published: October 2021

In order to alleviate human drowsiness in social crisis, it is necessary to predict the psychological rescue function of music education in social crisis and improve the accurate monitoring and analysis ability of the psychological rescue function of music education in social crisis; this paper puts forward a prediction model of psychological rescue function of music education in social crisis based on quantitative statistical analysis. The prediction and control model of the psychological rescue function of music education in social crisis is constructed, the fuzzy prediction algorithm is combined, the psychological rescue function characteristics of music education in social crisis are analyzed, and the descriptive statistical analysis model of the psychological rescue function of music education in social crisis is established. Through the fuzzy feature extraction method, the big data feature detection of the psychological rescue function of music education in social crisis is carried out, the statistical analysis model of the psychological rescue function of music education in social crisis is established, the dynamic analysis and prediction of the psychological rescue function of music education in social crisis are carried out by combining fuzzy information mining and adaptive learning methods, and the dynamic feature mining of the psychological rescue function of music education in social crisis is carried out by adopting the quantitative statistical feature analysis method. Statistical characteristics of the psychological rescue function of music education in social crisis are established, dynamic monitoring and feature prediction according to the analysis of the psychological rescue function of music education in social crisis are carried out, the ambiguity prediction and feature optimization judgment ability of the psychological rescue function of music education in social crisis are improved, and accurate prediction of the psychological rescue function of music education in social crisis based on the optimization statistical analysis results is carried out. The simulation results show that the statistical analysis ability and fuzzy judgment ability of using this method to predict the psychological rescue function of music education in social crisis are better, which improves the pertinence and effectiveness of music education.
Clinical Application of Microsurgery Using the Cerebellar Medulla Fissure Approach in Severe Ventricular Hemorrhage with Casting of the Fourth Ventricle and Its Influence on Neurological Recovery
Authors: Gao Feng , Wang Huixiao , Wang Zhengzheng
Published: October 2021

Objective. To investigate the clinical application of microsurgery using the cerebellar medulla fissure approach in severe ventricular hemorrhage with casting of the fourth ventricle and its effect on neurological recovery. Methods. A total of 80 patients with severe intraventricular hemorrhage accompanied by casting and dilation of the fourth ventricle who were admitted to the neurosurgery department between July 2019 and December 2020 were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 40 patients in each group. The drainage tube extubation time and length of hospital stay of the two groups were compared. The 3-day hematoma clearance of the two groups was observed. Postoperative consciousness was evaluated by GCS, and the patients’ recovery was evaluated by GOS at three months. The activities of daily living (ADL) scores of the two groups were compared to evaluate patients’ postoperative self-care ability. The incidence of postoperative complications in the two groups was collected. Independent risk factors for poor prognosis were analyzed by logistics regression. Results. The postoperative hospitalization time and the drainage tube extubation time in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The ratio of hematoma clearance ≥90% in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Postoperative GCS scores and GOS scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group. The rate of postoperative complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The rate of good ADL grading in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Age and surgical method were independent risk factors for poor prognosis. Conclusion. Microsurgery using the cerebellar medulla fissure approach can effectively improve the condition of severe ventricular hemorrhage with casting of the fourth ventricle and promote the recovery of patients’ neurological function.
Cross‐Model Transformer Method for Medical Image Synthesis
Authors: Hu Zebin , Liu Hao , Li Zhendong , Yu Zekuan
Published: October 2021

Acquiring complementary information about tissue morphology from multimodal medical images is beneficial to clinical disease diagnosis, but it cannot be widely used due to the cost of scans. In such cases, medical image synthesis has become a popular area. Recently, generative adversarial network (GAN) models are applied to many medical image synthesis tasks and show prior performance, since they enable to capture structural details clearly. However, GAN still builds the main framework based on convolutional neural network (CNN) that exhibits a strong locality bias and spatial invariance through the use of shared weights across all positions. Therefore, the long‐range dependencies have been destroyed in this processing. To address this issue, we introduce a double‐scale deep learning method for cross‐modal medical image synthesis. More specifically, the proposed method captures locality feature via local discriminator based on CNN and utilizes long‐range dependencies to learning global feature through global discriminator based on transformer architecture. To evaluate the effectiveness of double‐scale GAN, we conduct folds of experiments on the standard benchmark IXI dataset and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Dynamics on Effect of Prey Refuge Proportional to Predator in Discrete‐Time Prey‐Predator Model
Authors: Mahapatra G. S. , Santra P. K. , Bonyah Ebenezer
Published: October 2021

Prey‐predator models with refuge effect have great importance in the context of ecology. Constant refuge and refuge proportional to prey are the most popular concepts of refuge in the existing literature. Now, there are new different types of refuge concepts attracting researchers. This study considers a refuge concept proportional to the predator due to the fear induced by predators. When predators increase, fears also increase and that is why prey refuges also increase. Here, we examine the influence of prey refuge proportional to predator effect in a discrete prey‐predator interaction with the Holling type II functional response model. Is this refuge stabilizing or destabilizing the system? That is the central question of this study. The existence and stability of fixed points, Period‐Doubling Bifurcation, Neimark–Sacker Bifurcation, the influence of prey refuge, and chaos are analyzed. This work provides the bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponents to analyze the refuge parameter of the model. The proposed discrete model indicates rich dynamics as the effect of prey refuge through numerical simulations.
High-Density DArT Markers and Phenotypic Characterization of Cowpea Accessions (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)
Authors: Adu B. G. , Adu Amoah R. , Aboagye L. M. , Abdoul Aziz M. G. , Boampong R.
Published: October 2021

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) is an important component of most traditional cropping systems in the tropics. It provides leafy vegetables and/or grains and forages and acts as a cover crop. We characterized 16 cowpea accession collections in Ghana using agromorphological traits and high-density silicoDArT markers for breeding and efficient conservational purposes. Principal component analysis indicated pod, leaf, and seed characters such as pod length, seeds per pod, terminal leaves shape, number of leaves, hundred seed weight, and seed weight per plant as discriminatory traits in revealing the variation among the accessions. Trait association analysis revealed a significant correlation between the pod number, pod length, seeds per pod, number of leaves, and seed weight per plant that could allow the selection to improve the grain yield. Moderate to high broad-sense heritability and genetic advance observed for most of the traits indicate that the selection would result in foreseeable genetic improvement. The 9,706 silicoDArT markers used in the study were able to reveal genetic variation among the tested cowpea collections. Accessions GH5039 and GH6056 were established as duplicates based on the silicoDArT markers, which could enhance efficient germplasm utilization and conservation. Accessions GH3685, GH3674, and GH4541 were identified for high leaf and pod production and high seed yield per plant, which could be good candidates for dual purpose cowpea production, which is common in the subsistence farming system.
DNA Methylation Profiles of Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Cunningham Julie M. , Winham Stacey J. , Wang Chen , Weiglt Britta , Fu Zhuxuan , Armasu Sebastian M. , McCauley Bryan M. , Brand Alison H. , Chiew Yoke-Eng , Elishaev Esther , Gourley Charlie , Kennedy Catherine J. , Laslavic Angela , Lester Jenny , Piskorz Anna , Sekowska Magdalena , Brenton James D. , Churchman Michael , DeFazio Anna , Drapkin Ronny , Elias Kevin M. , Huntsman David G. , Karlan Beth Y. , Köbel Martin , Konner Jason , Lawrenson Kate , Papaemmanuil Elli , Bolton Kelly L. , Modugno Francesmary , Goode Ellen L.
Published: October 2021

Background:

Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a rare ovarian cancer histotype that tends to be resistant to standard platinum-based chemotherapeutics. We sought to better understand the role of DNA methylation in clinical and biological subclassification of OCCC.

Methods:

We interrogated genome-wide methylation using DNA from fresh frozen tumors from 271 cases, applied nonsmooth nonnegative matrix factorization (nsNMF) clustering, and evaluated clinical associations and biological pathways.

Results:

Two approximately equally sized clusters that associated with several clinical features were identified. Compared with Cluster 2 (N = 137), Cluster 1 cases (N = 134) presented at a more advanced stage, were less likely to be of Asian ancestry, and tended to have poorer outcomes including macroscopic residual disease following primary debulking surgery (P < 0.10). Subset analyses of targeted tumor sequencing and IHC data revealed that Cluster 1 tumors showed TP53 mutation and abnormal p53 expression, and Cluster 2 tumors showed aneuploidy and ARID1A/PIK3CA mutation (P < 0.05). Cluster-defining CpGs included 1,388 CpGs residing within 200 bp of the transcription start sites of 977 genes; 38% of these genes (N = 369 genes) were differentially expressed across cluster in transcriptomic subset analysis (P < 10−4). Differentially expressed genes were enriched for six immune-related pathways, including IFNα and IFNγ responses (P < 10−6).

Conclusions:

DNA methylation clusters in OCCC correlate with disease features and gene expression patterns among immune pathways.

Impact:

This work serves as a foundation for integrative analyses that better understand the complex biology of OCCC in an effort to improve potential for development of targeted therapeutics.
Supportive Effects of Online Hemodiafiltration Therapy on the Nutritional State and Lipid Profile in Very Elderly Dialysis Patients
Authors: Shibata Masanori , Tawada Hisae , Nagai Kojiro , Taniguchi Shinkichi
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Online hemodiafiltration (HDF) therapy has been recognized as one of the potential dialysis modalities. However, the long-term effects of online HDF therapy on very elderly dialysis patients older than 75 years have yet to be fully elucidated. Methods: Seventy-four very elderly patients older than 75 years undergoing maintenance dialysis therapy were studied retrospectively. Twenty-four (mean ± SE, 81.5 ± 1.0 years) were treated by predilution online HDF, and fifty (81.2 ± 0.6 years) were treated by conventional hemodialysis (HD) for 3 years. Laboratory data related to the nutritional state and lipid profile were collected. Body composition was measured by a bioelectrical impedance method. Results: Dry weight and body mass index decreased in HD patients (2.9%, p = 0.003 and 3.1%, p = 0.001, respectively), while no significant changes were found in online HDF patients. Serum albumin levels reduced in both HD and online HDF groups (3.5%, p = 0.003 and 2.9%, p = 0.026, respectively). The geriatric nutritional risk index decreased in HD patients (3.0%, p < 0.001), while no significant change was shown in online HDF patients. Body composition analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in intracellular water and increases in extracellular water and edema ratio in both groups. Fat mass and %fat showed significant decreases in HD patients (8.1%, p = 0.003 and 7.3%, p = 0.003, respectively), but no significant changes in online HDF patients. Among laboratory data, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels did not change in HD patients. However, the levels elevated significantly (10.6%, p = 0.03) in online HDF patients. Discussion/Conclusion: These results indicated that the time-dependent deterioration of the nutritional state in very elderly dialysis patients was inevitable; however, such deterioration was not prominent in online HDF patients. Moreover, the lipid profile showed unique changes in online HDF patients. In order to treat very elderly dialysis patients, online HDF should preferentially be taken into consideration because the maintenance of general condition seems to be a practical goal against the natural time-dependent deterioration.
The Effectiveness of Propranolol in Managing Hemorrhagic Choroidal and Exudative Retinal Detachment following Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation in Sturge-Weber Syndrome: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Alhayaza Raid , Khan Saud A. , Semidey Valmore A. , Owaidhah Ohoud
Published: October 2021

Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a congenital neurological disorder that is characterized by hamartomas involving the skin, brain, and eyes and marked by the presence of the facial port-wine stain, which consequently leads to various ocular complications. Among all ocular comorbidities, glaucoma is the most frequently witnessed in SWS patients with a prevalence of 30%–70%. If glaucoma is refractory to conventional medical management, surgical intervention can be considered. Common complications of glaucoma procedures in SWS are choroidal detachment and suprachoroidal hemorrhage. Moreover, we report a 6-year-old girl, known case of unilateral congenital glaucoma secondary to SWS. Despite being on maximal antiglaucoma drops and undergoing multiple surgical interventions, the patient had uncontrolled intraocular pressure of her right eye. A decision to proceed with Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation (AGVI) to the right eye was made. In the immediate postoperative period, the patient developed hemorrhagic choroidal detachment and exudative retinal detachment. A trial of oral propranolol (1.5–2 mg/kg/day) was then initiated for 4 months. After 30 days from oral propranolol course initiation, we started noticing a significant improvement of the hemorrhagic choroidal and exudative retinal detachment. Spontaneously, a marked reduction in subretinal fluid and suprachoroidal hemorrhage was also seen. Thus, the improvement was correlated with the propranolol therapy. Here, we report a significant improvement of the postoperative complications of AGVI in a patient with SWS, following 4 months of oral propranolol course (1.5–2 mg/kg/day). Further studies are needed to determine the dosage, duration, and optimal mechanism by which propranolol works in this situation.
Assessment of Arterial Stiffness, Brachial Haemodynamics, and Central Haemodynamics in Diabetic Hypertensives: A Pulse Wave Analysis-Based Case-Control Study from an Urban Area of West India
Authors: Solanki Jayesh Dalpatbhai , Panjwani Sunil J. , Patel Ravi Kanubhai , Bhatt Devanshi Nishantbhai , Kakadia Param Jagdeep , Shah Chinmay J.
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Hypertension (HTN) and diabetes frequently coexist, imposing significant cardiovascular risk that is normally studied in terms of brachial blood pressure (bBP). Direct and superior parameters like central haemodynamics and arterial stiffness are studied scarcely. Pulse wave analysis (PWA) offers a non-invasive measurement of the same that we studied in diabetic hypertensives. Materials and Methods: We conducted a case-control study on 333 treated diabetic hypertensive cases and 333 euglycaemic normotensive controls. Oscillometric PWA was performed by Mobil-o-Graph (IEM, Aachen, Germany). Parameters were further analysed in relation to gender, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), glycaemic control, blood pressure control, and disease duration (cut-off 5 years). Multiple linear regressions were done to find significant associations. Results: Cases had significantly higher brachial haemodynamics (blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and rate pressure product); arterial stiffness measures (augmentation pressure, augmentation index, pulse wave velocity, total arterial stiffness, and pulse pressure amplification), and central haemodynamics (central blood pressure, cardiac output, stroke work) than controls. In the case group, female gender, BMI ≥23, and uncontrolled blood pressures were significant factors that affected the results while other factors such as glycaemic control, physical activity, and duration did not. HR was significantly associated with study parameters. Brachial pressures were not significantly associated with corresponding aortic pressures. Conclusion: Diabetic hypertensives had adverse profile of cardiovascular parameters beyond bBP, related to female gender, and HTN and its control, more than that of diabetes. This baseline work suggests further study on these potential parameters.