bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological Characteristics and Spatial Analysis of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Jilin Province, China
Authors: Zhao Qinglong , Li Xinlou , Zhang Wenyi , Chu Chenyi , Yao Laishun , Zhang Yang , Qian Quan , Li Meina , Li Shenlong , Li Na , Zhao Xiaobo , Song Haifeng , Wang Yong , Huang Biao
Published: May 2019

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infectious disease and has become a reemerging public health threat in recent years in northeastern China. However, no studies has characterized the epidemiologic features and explored the spatial dynamics and environmental factors of TBE cases in Jilin Province. In this study, we have described the epidemiological features of 846 reported human TBE cases from 2006 to 2016 in Jilin Province. There was an obvious single peak pattern of TBE cases from May to July in Jilin Province. More than 60% of TBE cases occurred in farmers, and the people in 50- to 59-year-old group had the high incidence of the disease. The results of Getis-Ord Gi* statistics demonstrated that the human TBE cases were more clustered in the northeastern border including Dunhua and Yanji cities and Antu and Wangqing counties, and southern areas including Huinan, Jingyu, Jiangyuan, and Liuhe counties in Jilin Province. We demonstrated that the temporal dynamics of TBE in Jilin was significantly associated with the dynamics of meteorological factors especially after 2009. The results from the auto-logistic regression analysis showed that the percentage coverage of forest, temperature, and autoregressive term were significantly associated with the occurrence of human TBE cases in Jilin Province. Our findings will provide a scientific evidence for the targeted prevention and control programs.
Dimensionamento do complexo agroindustrial dos estados brasileiros: geração de renda, empregos e impostos
Authors: Sesso Filho Umberto Antonio , Borges Lucas Trindade , Sesso Patrícia Pompermayer , Zapparoli Irene Domenes , Alves Brene Paulo Rogério
Published: May 2019

O objetivo do estudo foi dimensionar o complexo agroindustrial das unidades da federação considerando o Produto Interno Bruto, empregos e impostos gerados em quatro agregados (insumos, agropecuária, indústria e serviços). A análise foi feita a partir das matrizes de insumo-produto estaduais do ano de 2008. Os resultados mostraram que os estados do Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás e Rondônia possuíam maior importância do Agronegócio com no mínimo 40% do Produto Interno Bruto estadual, 50% dos empregos e 41% dos impostos indiretos líquidos. A produtividade do trabalho no Agronegócio dos estados do Norte e Nordeste é aproximadamente metade que no Sudeste/Sul do Brasil, o que mostra potencial de investimentos em tecnologia, capital e qualificação profissional. A indústria sofre a maior parte da tributação variando entre 9% e 33% e poderia beneficiar-se de desoneração.
A internacionalização do mercado brasileiro de derivados lácteos – análises sobre a atuação de oligopólios, oligopsônios e Trade Company
Authors: Camilo Pablo Jonas
Published: May 2019

O trabalho em questão apresenta uma análise sobre a influência criada pelas Trade Company no mercado nacional de leite e derivados lácteos, promovendo por meio da oferta, a regulação dos preços destes produtos no mercado e assim desdobrando flutuações nos preços praticados por toda a cadeia produtiva do leite – CPL. Ainda busca destacar que a variação dos preços internacionais ainda estabelece comportamento cíclico nos volumes de importação/exportação, criando condições ideais para que grandes empresas nacionais e multinacionais possam condicionar os preços praticados principalmente para elos frágeis do processo, neste caso o produtor rural, que tem a cotação de sua mercadoria mais relacionada por aspectos internacionais do mercado do que pela sazonalidade do volume de produção condicionados pelos elementos naturais ou estruturais regionais de cada região do Brasil.
Agronegócio do dendê e campesinato no Pará
Authors: Sousa Rafael Benevides de , Macedo Cátia Oliveira
Published: May 2019

A expansão capitalista do dendê pelo nordeste do Pará, no início do século XXI, está intrinsecamente conectada com os rumos políticos do governo de Luís Inácio Lula da Silva, em 2003, quando se intensifica o investimento na produção dos agrocombustíveis no Brasil. Articulam-se neste cenário o discurso de preservação e desenvolvimento regional, aliados a inclusão social dos camponeses na cadeia produtiva do dendê. Contraditoriamente à perspectiva de geração de renda e por conseguinte, melhoria de vida dos povos do campo expresso no PNPB, visualizou-se a ampliação das disputas entre terra de negócio versus terra de trabalho. Desse modo, busca-se nesse artigo discutir a espacialização do agronegócio do dendê no nordeste paraense bem como as ações empreendidas pelos camponeses como estratégia de resistência a esse processo. O texto foi construído a partir das reflexões suscitadas na pesquisa de campo realizada entre os anos de 2012 e 2017 na região. Mais especificamente, apresentaremos uma abordagem geo-histórica do dendê na Amazônia e suas relações contraditórias com as famílias camponesas que vivem em suas proximidades.
Occupational Challenges in Military Service Members With Chronic Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Cogan Alison M. , Haines Christine E. , Devore Maria D. , Lepore Karla M. , Ryan Margaret
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to identify the needs of military service members with chronic symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) that fall within the scope of occupational therapy practice.

METHOD. In this qualitative descriptive study, service members with a history of mTBI (N = 12) participated in semistructured interviews about their injury history, symptoms, daily routines, challenges, and plans.

RESULTS. Two main themes were identified: occupational changes and plans for the future. Occupational changes contains six subthemes: (1) rest and sleep, (2) activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living, (3) work, (4) social participation, (5) play and leisure, and (6) education. Plans for the future contains three subthemes: (1) supports, (2) barriers, and (3) fears.

CONCLUSION. Occupational therapists who work with this population should consider all areas of occupation, especially sleep, during assessment and treatment planning. Some clients may require additional support for preparing for civilian life.
Estimation of genetic parameters for growth and carcass traits in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)
Authors: Schlicht Kristina , Krattenmacher Nina , Lugert Vincent , Schulz Carsten , Thaller Georg , Tetens Jens
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Information on phenotypic and genetic (co)variance for production traits in
turbot is required to improve breeding programs. So far, information on
morphometric growth traits is sparse and completely lacking on quality
carcass traits like fillet weight or fillet yield for turbot. As part of a
long-term study we explored the phenotypic and genetic (co)variance of 16
biometrical and carcass traits of three different European turbot strains.
Fish were reared under commercial grow-out conditions, including size
grading. We used molecular relatedness (MR) methods based on genotyping with
96 microsatellite markers and animal models. We included an adapted condition
factor for Pleuronectiformes (FCIPLN) and average daily weight
gain (ADG) between the ages of 300 and 500 d post-hatch (dph) for their
potential correlation with body weight at harvest. Heritability estimates for
all traits were low to medium (0.04–0.29) when strains were jointly
analyzed. Separate analysis of strains yielded higher heritability estimates
(0.12–0.43). Genetic correlations between weight-related traits were highly
positive (0.70–0.99), while runs with yield and ratio traits often resulted
in unreliable estimates of genetic correlation due to high standard errors.
Body weight (h2=0.19), fillet yield (h2=0.15), and dressing
percentage (h2=0.17) are particularly promising selection traits for
turbot breeding.
Impact of anthropogenic and biogenic sources on the seasonal variation in the molecular composition of urban organic aerosols: a field and laboratory study using ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Daellenbach Kaspar R. , Kourtchev Ivan , Vogel Alexander L. , Bruns Emily A. , Jiang Jianhui , Petäjä Tuukka , Jaffrezo Jean-Luc , Aksoyoglu Sebnem , Kalberer Markus , Baltensperger Urs , El Haddad Imad , Prévôt André S. H.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. This study presents the molecular composition of organic aerosol (OA) using ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry (Orbitrap) at an urban site in Central Europe
(Zurich, Switzerland). Specific source spectra were also analysed, including
samples representative of wood-burning emissions from Alpine valleys during
wood-burning pollution episodes and smog chamber investigations of woodsmoke, as
well as samples from Hyytiälä, which were strongly influenced by biogenic
secondary organic aerosol. While samples collected during winter in Alpine
valleys have a molecular composition remarkably similar to fresh laboratory
wood-burning emissions, winter samples from Zurich are influenced by more
aged wood-burning emissions. In addition, other organic aerosol emissions or
formation pathways seem to be important at the latter location in winter.
Samples from Zurich during summer are similar to those collected in
Hyytiälä and are predominantly impacted by oxygenated compounds with an H∕C
ratio of 1.5, indicating the importance of biogenic precursors for secondary organic aerosol
(SOA) formation at this location (summertime Zurich – carbon number 7.6, O:C
0.7;
Hyytiälä – carbon number 10.5, O:C 0.57). We could explain the strong
seasonality of the molecular composition at a typical European site by
primary and aged wood-burning emissions and biogenic secondary organic
aerosol formation during winter and summer, respectively. Results presented
here likely explain the rather constant seasonal predominance of
non-fossil organic carbon at European locations.
Modeling Trans-Pacific Transport using Hemispheric CMAQ during
April 2010: Part 1. Model Evaluation and Air Mass Characterization
for the Estimation of Stratospheric Intrusion on Tropospheric Ozone
Authors: Itahashi Syuichi , Mathur Rohit , Hogrefe Christian , Zhang Yang
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Trans-Pacific transport has been recognized as a potential source of air pollutants over the U.S.A. The state-of-the-science Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Modeling System has recently been extended for hemispheric-scale modeling applications (referred to as H-CMAQ). In this study, H-CMAQ is applied to study the trans-Pacific transport during April 2010. The results will be presented in two continuous papers. In this part 1 paper, model evaluation for tropospheric ozone (O3) is presented. Observations at the surface, by ozonesondes and airplane, and by satellite across the northern hemisphere are used to evaluate the model performance for O3. H-CMAQ is able to capture surface and boundary layer (defined as surface to 750 hPa) O3 with a normalized mean bias (NMB) of −10 %; however, a systematic underestimation with an NMB up to −30 % is found in the free troposphere (defined as 750–250 hPa). The surface and aloft relative humidity (RH) showed a positive bias around NMB of +10 % or greater. In addition, a new air mass characterization method is developed to distinguish influences of stratosphere-troposphere transport (STT) from the effects of photochemistry on O3 levels. Potential vorticity (PV) is used to diagnose air masses of stratospheric origin and related to RH in order to characterize stratospheric air masses. The tropopause location is determined using a PV threshold value of 2.0 PVU (1 PVU = 10−6 m2 K kg−1 s−1). The constructed PV-RH relationship indicates that PV of 2.0 PVU generally corresponds to RHs of 30–40 %. The air mass characterization method is then developed based on the ratio of O3 and an inert tracer indicating stratospheric O3 to examine the importance of photochemistry, and the PV-RH relationship is used to determine stratospheric intrusions. Over the U.S.A., STT impacts show large day-to-day variations, and STT impacts can either originate from the same air mass over the entire U.S.A. with an eastward movement, or stem from different air masses at different locations. The relationship between surface O3 mixing ratios and estimated stratospheric air masses in the troposphere show a negative slope, indicating that high surface O3 values are primarily affected by other factors (i.e., emissions), whereas this relationship shows an almost flat slope at elevated sites, indicating that STT has a near constant impact at elevated sites. Based on this newly established air mass characterization technique, this study can contribute to understand the role of STT, and also the implied importance of emissions leading to high surface O3. Further research focused on emissions is discussed in a subsequent part 2 paper.
Detection of land surface induced atmospheric water vapor patterns
Authors: Marke Tobias , Löhnert Ulrich , Schemann Vera , Crewell Susanne
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Finding observational evidence of land surface atmosphere interactions is crucial for understanding the spatial and temporal evolution of the boundary layer, as well as for model evaluation, in particular large-eddy simulation (LES) models. In this study, the influence of a heterogeneous land surface on the spatial distribution of atmospheric water vapor is assessed. Ground-based remote sensing measurements of a scanning microwave radiometer (MWR) are used in a long-term study over six years to characterize spatial heterogeneities in integrated water vapor (IWV) during clear sky conditions at the Jülich Observatory for Cloud Evolution (JOYCE). The resulting deviations from the mean of the scans reveal a direction-dependent IWV that is visible throughout the day. Comparisons to a satellite derived spatial IWV distribution show a good agreement for a selection of 61 satellite overpasses during convective situations. With the help of a land use type classification and information on the topography, the main type for the regions with a positive IWV deviation was determined to be agricultural fields and nearby open pit mines. Negative deviations occurred mainly above elevated forests and urban areas. The observational results are in agreement with a high resolution large-eddy simulation (LES), which was used in addition to investigate changes in surface fluxes and the water vapor and cloud field for an altered land use input.
Evaluation of ARM Tethered Balloon System instrumentation for supercooled liquid water and distributed temperature sensing in mixed-phase Arctic clouds
Authors: Dexheimer Darielle , Airey Martin , Roesler Erika , Longbottom Casey , Nicoll Keri , Kneifel Stefan , Mei Fan , Harrison R. Giles , Marlton Graeme , Williams Paul D.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. A tethered balloon system (TBS) has been developed and is being operated by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility in order to collect in situ atmospheric measurements within mixed-phase Arctic clouds. Periodic tethered balloon flights have been conducted since 2015 within restricted airspace at ARM’s Advanced Mobile Facility 3 (AMF3) in Oliktok Point, Alaska, as part of the AALCO (Aerial Assessment of Liquid in Clouds at Oliktok), ERASMUS (Evaluation of Routine Atmospheric Sounding Measurements using Unmanned Systems), and POPEYE (Profiling at Oliktok Point to Enhance YOPP Experiments) field campaigns. The tethered balloon system uses helium-filled 34 m3 helikites and 79 and 104 m3 aerostats to suspend instrumentation that is used to measure aerosol particle size distributions, temperature, horizontal wind, pressure, relative humidity, turbulence, and cloud particle properties and to calibrate ground-based remote sensing instruments. Supercooled liquid water content (SLWC) sondes using the vibrating wire principle, developed by Anasphere Inc., were operated at Oliktok Point at multiple altitudes on the TBS within mixed-phase clouds for over 200 hours Sonde-collected SLWC data were compared with liquid water content derived from a microwave radiometer, Ka-band ARM Zenith radar, and ceilometer at the AMF3, as well as liquid water content derived from AMF3 radiosonde flights. The in situ data collected by the Anasphere sensors were also compared with data collected simultaneously by an alternative SLWC sensor developed at the University of Reading, UK; both vibrating wire instruments were typically observed to shed their ice quickly upon exiting the cloud or reaching maximum ice loading. Tethered balloon fiber optic distributed temperature sensing measurements were also compared with AMF3 radiosonde temperature measurements. Combined, the results indicate that TBS distributed temperature sensing and supercooled liquid water measurements are in reasonably good agreement with remote-sensing and radiosonde-based measurements of both properties. From these measurements and sensor evaluations, tethered balloon flights are shown to offer an effective method of collecting data to inform and constrain numerical models, calibrate and validate remote sensing instruments, and characterize the flight environment of unmanned aircraft, circumventing the difficulties of in-cloud unmanned aircraft flights such as limited flight time and in-flight icing.
Model of Propagation of VLF Beams in the Waveguide Earth-Ionosphere. Principles of Tensor Impedance Method in Multilayered Gyrotropic Waveguides
Authors: Rapoport Yuriy , Grimalsky Vladimir , Fedun Victor , Agapitov Oleksiy , Bonnell John , Grytsai Asen , Milinevsky Gennadi , Liashchuk Alex , Rozhnoi Alexander , Solovieva Maria , Gulin Andrey
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Modeling propagation of VLF electromagnetic beams in the waveguide earth-ionosphere (WGEI) is of a great importance because variation in the characteristics of these waves is an effective instrument for diagnostics the influences on the ionosphere from above (Sun-Solar Wind-Magnetosphere-Ionosphere), from below (the most powerful meteorological, seismogenic and other sources in the lower atmosphere and lithosphere/Earth, such as hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis etc.), from inside the ionosphere (strong thunderstorms and lightning discharges) and even from the far space (such as gamma-flashes, cosmic rays etc.). Thus, VLF became one of the most universal instrument for monitoringthe Space Weather in the direct sense of this term, i.e. the state of the Sun-Earth space and the ionosphere as it is particularly determined by all possible relatively powerful sources, wherever they are placed. This paper is devoted mostly to modelling VLF electromagnetic beam propagation in the WGEI. We present a new tensor impedance method for modelling propagation of electromagnetic beams (TIMEB) in a multi-layered/inhomogeneous waveguide. Suppose that such a waveguide, i.e. WGEI, possesses the gyrotropy and inhomogeneity with a thick cover layer placed above the waveguide. Note a very useful and attractive feature of the proposed TIMEB method: in spite of a large thickness of the waveguide cover layer, the proposed effective impedance approach reflects an impact of such a cover on the electromagnetic (EM) waves, which propagate in the waveguide. This impedance approach can be applied for EM waves/beams in layered gyrotropic/anisotropic active media in very wide frequency range, from VLF to optics. Moreover, this approach can be applied to calculations of EM waves/beams propagation in the media of an artificial origin such as metamaterial microwave or optical waveguides. The results of the modelling the propagation of VLF beams in the WGEI are included. The qualitative comparison between the theory and experimental observation of increasing losses of VLF waves in the WGEI is discussed. The new proposed method and its further development allows the comparison with the results of the future rocket experiment. This method allows to model (i) excitation of the VLF modes in the WGEI and their excitation by the typical VLF sources, such as radio wave transmitters and lightning discharges and (ii) leakage of VLF waves/beams into the upper ionosphere/magnetosphere.
The importance of mineral determinations to PROFILE base cation weathering release rates: a case study
Authors: Casetou-Gustafson Sophie , Akselsson Cecilia , Hillier Stephen , Olsson Bengt A.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Accurate estimates of base cation weathering rates in forest
soils are crucial for policy decisions on sustainable biomass harvest levels
and for calculations of critical loads of acidity. The PROFILE model is one
of the most frequently used methods to quantify weathering rates, where the
quantitative mineralogical input has often been calculated by the A2M
(“Analysis to Mineralogy”) program based solely on geochemical data. The
aim of this study was to investigate how uncertainties in quantitative
mineralogy, originating from modeled mineral abundance and assumed
stoichiometry, influence PROFILE weathering estimate, by using measured
quantitative mineralogy by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) as a reference.
Weathering rates were determined for two sites, one in northern (Flakaliden)
and one in southern (Asa) Sweden. At each site, 3–4 soil profiles were
analyzed at 10 cm depth intervals. Normative quantitative mineralogy was
calculated from geochemical data and qualitative mineral data with the A2M
program using two sets of qualitative mineralogical data inputs to A2M: (1) a
site-specific mineralogy based on information about mineral identification
and mineral chemical composition as determined directly by XRPD and electron
microprobe analysis (EMPA), and (2) regional mineralogy, representing the
assumed minerals present and assumed mineral chemical compositions for large
geographical areas in Sweden, as per previous published studies. Arithmetic
means of the weathering rates determined from A2M inputs (WA2M)
were generally in relatively close agreement with those (WXRPD)
determined by inputs based on direct XRPD and EMPA measurements. The
hypothesis that using site-specific instead of regional mineralogy will
improve the confidence in mineral data input to PROFILE was supported for
Flakaliden. However, at Asa, site-specific mineralogies reduced the
discrepancy for Na between WA2M and WXRPD but produced
larger and significant discrepancies for K, Ca and Mg. For Ca and Mg the
differences between weathering rates based on different mineralogies could be
explained by differences in the content of some specific Ca- and Mg-bearing
minerals, in particular amphibole, apatite, pyroxene and illite. Improving
the accuracy in the determination of these minerals would reduce weathering
uncertainties. High uncertainties in mineralogy, due for example to different
A2M assumptions, had surprisingly little effect on the predicted weathering
of Na- and K-bearing minerals. This can be explained by the fact that the
weathering rate constants for the minerals involved, e.g. K feldspar and
micas, are similar in PROFILE. Improving the description of the dissolution
rate kinetics of the plagioclase mineral group as well as major K-bearing
minerals (K feldspars and micas) should be a priority to help improve future
weathering estimates with the PROFILE model.
“Using Crowd-Sourced Data to Explore Police-Related-Deaths in the United States (2000–2017): The Case of Fatal Encounters”
Authors: Finch Brian Karl , Beck Audrey , Burghart D. Brian , Johnson Richard , Klinger David , Thomas Kyla
Published: May 2019

Objectives: We evaluated the Fatal Encounters (FE) database as an open-source surveillance system for tracking police-related deaths (PRDs).Methods: We compared the coverage of FE data to several known government sources of police-related deaths and police homicide data. We also replicated incident selection from a recent review of the National Violent Death Reporting System.Results: FE collected data on n = 23,578 PRDs from 2000–2017. A pilot study and ongoing data integration suggest greater coverage than extant data sets. Advantages of the FE data include circumstance of death specificity, incident geo-locations, identification of involved police-agencies, and near immediate availability of data. Disadvantages include a high rate of missingness for decedent race/ethnicity, potentially higher rates of missing incidents in older data, and the exclusion of more comprehensive police use-of-force and nonlethal use-of-force data—a critique applicable to all extant data sets.Conclusions: FE is the largest collection of PRDs in the United States and remains as the most likely source for historical trend comparisons and police-department level analyses of the causes of PRDs.
CRENÇAS AMBIENTAIS ENTRE JOVENS ENGAJADOS EM COLETIVOS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS
Authors: Paz Damaris Teixeira , Higuchi Maria Inês Gasparetto
Published: May 2019

As crenças ambientais são construtos importantes para os estudos das relações pessoa-ambiente, visto que as crenças orientam os comportamentos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as crenças ambientais presentes em jovens engajados em coletivos socioambientais. Os participantes integravam diferentes coletivos socioambientais de três cidades da região metropolitana de Manaus/AM, Brasil. Foram no total 19 jovens, com idades entre 16 e 29 anos, em sua maioria estudantes universitários (de graduação e de pós-graduação). Eles responderam a um questionário com perguntas sobre o seu perfil e uma escala de crenças ambientais. Os resultados mostraram que esses jovens têm crenças predominantemente ecocêntricas, voltadas para a proteção da natureza e que os orientam a ter mais comportamentos de cuidado com o ambiente. O engajamento dos jovens nos coletivos e o contato com outras pessoas interessadas na causa ambiental ajudaram a fortalecer seu comportamento em relação ao cuidado ambiental e a crenças ambientais pessoais ligadas a comportamentos desse tipo.
Concepções de crianças da Educação Infantil sobre violência e a relação com o brincar: contribuições de Freud e Winnicott
Authors: Sousa Taísa Resende , Pedroza Regina Lúcia Sucupira , Volpe Maíra Muhringer
Published: May 2019

Este relato de pesquisa objetivou compreender as concepções de crianças sobre violência, tecendo relações entre a violência e o brincar, a partir de Freud e Winnicott. O brincar é entendido como uma expressão característica das crianças, e também uma experiência criativa, indo além do mecanismo de sublimação e estando presente em todas as fases da vida do ser humano. A metodologia qualitativa consistiu na observação participante em um Centro de Educação Infantil, da rede pública, no Distrito Federal (DF); na realização de quatro oficinas lúdicas com crianças de quatro e cinco anos, em uma turma do primeiro período; além da leitura do projeto político-pedagógico (PPP) dessa escola. Como resultados e discussão, evidenciamos encontros e desencontros entre o escrito no PPP e a vivência na observação participante; e as concepções de crianças sobre violência. A pesquisa empírica reforçou a pertinência em tecermos relações entre a violência e o brincar, entendendo-o como uma das maneiras de elaborações de possíveis conteúdos ligados à violência e como uma experiência criativa, a partir dos próprios recursos das crianças.
Comparison of two methods for the quantification of gastrointestinal nematode infective larvae from pasture
Authors: Piza Marina , Almeida Fabiana Alves de , Pariz Cristiano Magalhães , Costa Ciniro , Amarante Alessandro Francisco Talamini do
Published: May 2019

The economic losses caused by gastrointestinal nematodes are one of the biggest obstacles in the small ruminants production. Understanding the population dynamics of the infective larvae (L3) in the pasture is the key point to develop control programs, and reliable results depend on the used methodology to quantify L3 numbers. The use of the sampling directly from the pasture appears as a viable option, since it is not required the use of animals with an esophageal fistula or tracer animals, decreasing the costs involved in the study. Therefore, the present project, which had as objective evaluate the efficiency of two collection methods for quantification of L3 in the pasture, utilized 64 lambs (n = 16) allocated to four integrated crop-livestock systems (treatments) with 12 paddocks each. Pasture samples were collected every nine days. The W method consists in traversing the area in the form of a W and again an inverted W, forage samples being collected every 10 steps, and the Square method, in tossing a 0.16 m2 square to four random points within the area, the forage within the square being collected after each toss. After the forage samples had been processed, the L3 were recovered and identified. Cohen’s Kappa coefficient (k) was determined. The W-transect and Random-plot methods did not differ (p ? 0.05) with respect to the number of L3 recovered from the pasture, and a positive correlation was found between them, suggesting agreement with one another, being that when the number of L3 recovered by the W-transect method increases, the same occurs in the Random-plot technique. The Random-plot method, which is already used to collect samples of forage for chemical analyses, can also be employed to estimate the pasture contamination by L3. The W-transect and Random-plot methods showed to be important in the epidemiological study of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. Therefore, the use of both on the same occasions and with different purposes, with one complementing the information that is not provided by the other, may be more effective in the investigation of environmental contamination by L3 of gastrointestinal nematodes.
Ruminal metabolic parameters and milk fatty acid profile of cows grazing Marandu grass supplemented with roasted soybeans
Authors: Mourthé Mário Henrique França , Lopes Fernando César Ferraz , Reis Ronaldo Braga , Gama Marco Antônio Sundfeld da , Morenz Mirton José Frota , Salomão Bernardo Murta
Published: May 2019

The goal of this study was to evaluate the ruminal metabolic parameters and milk fatty acid composition of cows managed under continuous grazing on Marandu grass. Four rumen-cannulated Holstein x Gyr cows with an average milk yield of 21±2 kg day-1 and 79±16 days in milk were used in a 4 x 4 Latin Square design. Each cow received 6 kg day-1 of a concentrate formulated with 0 (control), 1.3, 2.6 or 3.9 kg of roasted soybeans (as-fed basis), which were the experimental treatments. The inclusion of roasted soybeans promoted a linear reduction in the acetate concentration, with no effect on the pH and ruminal ammonia N concentration. There was no effect of the treatments on the ruminal degradability of the dry matter and neutral detergent fiber of Marandu grass or on the kinetic parameters of the fluids in the rumen. There were linear increases in the contents of fat and total solids in the milk and a linear decrease in the milk lactose content, but there was no effect of the treatments on the yield of these components or on milk yield. There were linear increases in milk fat stearic, elaidic, oleic, linoleic and ?-linolenic acids contents, but there was no effect of the treatments on the milk fat contents of vaccenic and rumenic acids. Notably, supplementing Marandu grass with a concentrate containing up to 3.9 kg of roasted soybeans improved the nutritional quality of the milk fat due to increases in the milk fat contents of oleic and ?-linolenic acids, which are considered beneficial to human health, and reductions in the levels of lauric, myristic and palmitic, which are considered hypercholesterolemic fatty acids.
In vitro fermentation of the rations containing Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni) using two types of inoculum
Authors: Geron Luiz Juliano Valério , Veloso Luiz Eduardo Cantão , Aguiar Sílvia Cristina de , Souza Alexandre Lima de , Souza Ilda dos Santos , Trautmann-Machado Raquel Joana , Zanine Anderson de Moura , Silva Rayane Fernandes da , Ferreira Daniela de Jesus , Zanin Suellem Fernanda Perosa
Published: May 2019

The effect of inclusion of Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni) in standardized diets of sheep on in vitro digestibility and parameters fermentation was examined using two different inoculums (ruminal liquid and sheep feces). To determine the nutrients’ in vitro digestibility coefficient (IVDC), two sheep were used as inoculum donors. The experimental design was factorial (4 × 2), with four diets containing different proportions of Noni and two types of inoculum. The different dietary proportions of Noni (0%, 8%, 16%, and 24%) did not affect the IVDC of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) for both inoculums. The IVDC of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) differed significantly between the inoculums. After in vitro incubation for 24 h, the pH value of the fermented material differed between the different diets and between the inoculums. Moreover, the concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen was affected by the proportion of Noni and differed between the inoculums after incubation for 24 h. The inclusion of up to 24% of Noni in standardized rations for ruminants did not affect the IVDC of DM, OM, CP, and NDF. The use of feces as inoculum for in vitro fermentation produced lower IVDC values than those by ruminal liquid. The diet containing 8% of Noni and fermented with ruminal liquid produced higher pH values after 24 h of incubation. Taken together, the different dietary Noni proportions and the different inoculums can alter the concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen of sheep diets after 24 h in vitro fermentation; however, they seem not to affect the IVDC of the nutrients.
Effect of the environment and diet on the physiological variables of sheep in the Brazilian semi-arid region
Authors: Dantas Nayanne Lopes Batista , Souza Bonifácio Benicio de , Silva Maycon Rodrigues da , Silva Gustavo de Assis , Pires João Paulo da Silva , Batista Luanna Figueirêdo , Souza Mateus Freitas de , Furtado Dermeval Araújo
Published: May 2019

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the physiological variables of three sheep genotypes: Morada Nova, Somalis, and Dorper x Somalis crossbreed regarding the environment and diet in the Brazilian semi-arid region by using 30 animals (10 from each genetic group). Five of these animals had 30% of the tifton hay replaced by hairy woodrose hay. The temperature and relative air humidity were registered, the black globe temperature and humidity index (BGHI) was calculated, and the rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), and surface temperature (ST) were measured in the morning and afternoon. The experimental design was a completely randomized design in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial scheme, which consisted of three genotypes, two diets, and two periods, and five replications each. BGHI presented values of 81 in the shade and 90 in the sun and a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed for the studied variables in relation to the periods, with higher values in the afternoon. The average ST was 35.48 °C in the morning and 38.11 °C in the afternoon. Morada Nova presented the lowest RT and RR (P < 0.05) among the genetic groups, with a higher tolerance to heat. The 30% substitution of tifton hay by hairy woodrose hay did not negatively affect the thermoregulatory capacity of sheep. The studied genetic groups were adapted and tolerant to climate conditions of the Brazilian semi-arid region.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Alzheimer Type II Astrocytes in Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Agarwal Apeksha N. , Mais Daniel D.
Published: May 2019

Context.—

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is associated with presence of type II astrocytes in the brain on the basis of observations made in single uncontrolled cases. This finding was subsequently demonstrated by in vitro studies with replication of microenvironment of HE by increase in ammonia levels. However, no human studies have been done correlating HE with type II astrocytes.

Objective.—

To determine the sensitivity and specificity of type II astrocytes in HE.

Design.—

This is a retrospective cohort study in which cases and controls were included. A database search was conducted to identify potential cases of hepatic encephalopathy during a 3-year period, as well as concomitant cases with altered mental status from other causes, liver disease, both, and neither. The presence of HE was determined according to standard clinical criteria, and a coronal section of basal ganglia was selected for examination from each case. Type II astrocytes were enumerated over 20 random high-power fields (HPFs).

Results.—

Twenty-one patients with HE were identified, with 35 patient controls (18 females, 38 males). Among the patients with HE there was a mean of 19.8 type II astrocytes in 20 HPFs. Patients with altered mental status without HE had an average of 7.2 type II astrocytes per 20 HPFs, and for those without altered mental status, the average was 2.8. For patients with hepatic insufficiency without HE, the average was 11, while for patients with normal hepatic function, the average was 4.1. Overall, for those without HE, the average was 5.4 type II astrocytes per 20 HPFs.

Conclusions.—

At a cutoff of 5 or more type II astrocytes per 20 HPFs, sensitivity for HE was 85.7% and specificity was 68.6%. Alzheimer type II astrocytes were present in all cases of HE but were also present in a wide variety of patients without HE.
Educação Inclusiva: um diálogo com a Educação Básica a partir do Ciclo de Políticas
Authors: Pacheco Priscila , Czekalski Elisandra Aparecida , Tassa Khaled Omar Mohamad El , Cruz Gilmar de Carvalho
Published: May 2019

O discurso sobre uma educação de qualidade para todos tem sido objeto de preocupação no âmbito político, acadêmico, de organizações não-governamentais e de diversos outros campos. Essas discussões vêm refletindo historicamente na produção de um número significativo de aparatos legais que legislam sobre a Educação Especial e Inclusiva. O objetivo deste estudo é discutir, a partir da abordagem do Ciclo de Políticas, as concepções de profissionais da Educação Básica a respeito da inclusão escolar, partindo dos resultados obtidos através de um encontro organizado por meio de grupo focal. Para isto, restringimos o estudo ao contexto da prática, que nos indica que as concepções dos profissionais a respeito da inclusão estão fortemente relacionadas com as barreiras ou obstáculos que se colocam para sua efetivação no ambiente escolar. As vozes dos docentes estão carregadas de uma certa angústia, pela não efetivação de uma Educação que inclua a todos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Em vista disto, esses discursos explicitam as justificativas para a não inclusão, através da exaltação dos obstáculos que permeiam suas práticas.
A educação de surdos e cegos na França e no Brasil
Authors: Estimado Roberta Baessa , Sofiato Cássia Geciauskas
Published: May 2019

A discussão sobre a trajetória histórica da educação de surdos e cegos no Brasil ainda é necessária, tendo em vista que o discurso que os transformou em sujeitos passivos que teriam sido agraciados pela benevolência de “grandes homens” ainda ecoa nos dias atuais. Nesse sentido, a presente pesquisa objetiva apresentar o contexto do surgimento da educação de surdos e cegos na França no século XVIII e no Brasil do século XIX e delinear os impactos que a educação francesa de surdos e cegos provocou na educação brasileira para tal público alvo. O recorte temporal estabelecido para o estudo foi de 1760 a 1890 na França e de 1854 a 1890 no Brasil. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Por meio da investigação concluímos que os procedimentos estabelecidos na França, referentes à educação de surdos e cegos nas primeiras instituições educacionais destinadas a tal público, impactaram significativamente o Brasil nos aspectos administrativo, de gestão e principalmente no que tange ao trabalho pedagógico desenvolvido no período em questão.
A cultura da corpolatria na pós modernidade e o deficiente físico: uma reflexão acerca dessa lógica binária
Authors: Santos Fabricio de Paula , Pontes Juliana
Published: May 2019

O presente ensaio tem como foco temático analisar como o corpo é realçado na pós modernidade, através da corpolatria, e como o corpo do deficiente físico é desvalorizado ou não evidenciado neste contexto. Tem como objetivo discutir como a corpolatria é fortemente influenciada e ditada pela mídia, exacerbando o narcisismo e colocando a forma física bela e referencial em evidência. Reflete acerca da lógica binária entre o culto ao corpo e as pessoas com deficiência física que se encontram fora dos padrões do corpo perfeito ou referencial, preestabelecido pela sociedade. Discute como os estereótipos são criados culturalmente e como eles influenciam de forma negativa ou pejorativa nas minorias sociais. Faremos a teorização dos problemas enfrentados por esta minoria social, tendo como base os teóricos dos estudos culturais. Por fim, evidencia como o corpo se torna um importante objeto que apresenta ou representa os indivíduos nas relações sociais a partir do outro.
A (Liberal) Sheep in (Marxist) Wolf’s Clothing? Reassessing Antonio Gramsci’s Conceptualisation of Hegemony
Authors: Pass Jonathan
Published: May 2019

Antonio Gramsci’s greatest contribution to Western political thought, arguably, is his conceptualisation of hegemony. Sadly, a widespread tendency to misinterpret the term as being analogous to ‘leadership based upon consent’, has reduced power to ideological control: an essentially liberal perspective. This paper aims to rectify this error, carrying out a more comprehensive analysis of Gramsci’s conceptualisation of hegemony as expounded in his Prison Notebooks, set against the backdrop of his own political/intellectual evolution. Hegemony, as a result, is shown to be compatible with Marxist theories of power, i.e. necessarily materially-rooted and underpinned by coercion.
El concepto de ‘espacio público’ en Habermas: algunas observaciones a partir del caso ateniense
Authors: Barrionuevo Sergio Javier , Rodríguez Yésica Rosa
Published: May 2019

El inicio de los estudios en torno al ‘espacio público’ se encuentra marcado por el libro Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit de Jürgen Habermas, quien sostiene que la formación del ‘espacio público’ es un fenómeno propio de la sociedad burguesa que se da en paralelo con la afirmación del capitalismo a partir del siglo XVIII en Occidente. Dado que Habermas rechaza la existencia de un ‘espacio público’ para el caso ateniense, en el presente trabajo retomaremos este caso para revisar la tesis habermasiana.
A Reference Schema for the Unit Manufacturing Process Information Model
Authors: Bernstein William Z. , Lechevalier David
Published: May 2019

This document presents supporting documentation for a reference implementation
of the UnitManufacturing Process (UMP) information model presented in ASTM E3012,
Standard Guide for Characterizing Environmental Aspects of Manufacturing Processes.
A version of this schema is used inthe UMP Builder, a web-based toolkit for
recording and storing UMP models.
Making sense of the corporate philosophy:
Authors: Maagaard Cindie Aaen , Jensen Astrid , Lundholt Marianne Wolff
Published: May 2019

We find an increased interest in the concept of employee engagement within the area of organizational and corporate communication. Employee engagement is an umbrella term for a number of cognitive, emotional and physical aspects (Kahn, 1990) of relating positively to one’s work, and research within this area has mostly connected employee engagement to organizational productivity and effectiveness. In this paper, we suggest a new approach to employee engagement by relating it to employee communication and placing it within dialogue theory (Buber, 1970) combined with Bamberg’s (1997) positioning theory. Our case is a strategy meeting on the topic of how a corporate philosophy devised by top management and entitled “Business Kind2Mind” is interpreted by managers and what they view is the best way to implement the philosophy within subsidiaries. Theorizing engagement dialogically enables a shift from instrumental perspectives to a more interpretive approach in which true mutuality entails participants’ views being heard and incorporated in the corporate philosophy, and engagement is not purely about efficiency and outcome. A dialogical approach enables us to conceive of employee communication not as only upwardly or downwardly directed between manager and employee, but as interactional, with mutual change.
Anatomical basis and physiological role of cerebrospinal fluid transport through the murine cribriform plate
Authors: Norwood Jordan N , Zhang Qingguang , Card David , Craine Amanda , Ryan Timothy M , Drew Patrick J
Published: May 2019

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows through the brain, transporting chemical signals and removing waste. CSF production in the brain is balanced by a constant outflow of CSF, the anatomical basis of which is poorly understood. Here, we characterized the anatomy and physiological function of the CSF outflow pathway along the olfactory sensory nerves through the cribriform plate, and into the nasal epithelia. Chemical ablation of olfactory sensory nerves greatly reduced outflow of CSF through the cribriform plate. The reduction in CSF outflow did not cause an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP), consistent with an alteration in the pattern of CSF drainage or production. Our results suggest that damage to olfactory sensory neurons (such as from air pollution) could contribute to altered CSF turnover and flow, providing a potential mechanism for neurological diseases.
Promotion of growth and metal accumulation of alfalfa by coinoculation with Sinorhizobium and Agrobacterium under copper and zinc stress
Authors: Jian Liru , Bai Xiaoli , Zhang Hui , Song Xiuyong , Li Zhefei
Published: May 2019

The Legume-Rhizobium symbiosis has been proposed as a promising technique for the phytoremediation of contaminated soils due to its beneficial activity in symbiotic nitrogen fixation. However, numerous studies have shown that excessive heavy metals reduce the efficiency of symbiotic nodulation with Rhizobium and inhibit plant growth. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the synergistic effects of IAA-producing bacteria and Rhizobium on Medicago lupulina growth under Cu and Zn stress. Pot experiments showed that 400 mg kg−1 Cu2 + and Zn2 + greatly inhibited plant growth, but dual inoculation of Medicago lupulina with Sinorhizobium meliloti CCNWSX0020 and Agrobacterium tumefaciens CCNWGS0286 significantly increased the number of nodules and plant biomass by enhancing antioxidant activities. Under double stress of 400 mg kg−1 Cu2 + and Zn2 +, the nodule number and nitrogenase activities of dual-inoculated plants were 48.5% and 154.4% higher, respectively, than those of plants inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti. The root and above-ground portion lengths of the dual-inoculated plants were 32.6% and 14.1% greater, respectively, than those of the control, while the root and above-ground portion dry weights were 34.3% and 32.2% greater, respectively, than those of the control. Compared with S. meliloti and A. tumefaciens single inoculation, coinoculation increased total Cu uptake by 39.1% and 47.5% and increased total Zn uptake by 35.4% and 44.2%, respectively, under double metal stress conditions. Therefore, coinoculation with Sinorhizobium meliloti and Agrobacterium tumefaciens enhances metal phytoextraction by increasing plant growth and antioxidant activities under Cu/Zn stress, which provides a new approach for bioremediation in heavy metal-contaminated soil.