bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiencia multicultural y su relación con la convivencia escolar
Authors: Coronado-Peña Jhorman Jesid , Estrada-Mosquera Ángela Alexandra , Torres-Mosquera Leidy Nohemí
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo tiene como propósito analizar la experiencia multicultural y su relación con la convivencia en el aula de estudiantes en grado quinto. Esta investigación cualitativa se desarrolló mediante un estudio de caso, utilizando la observación directa y participante y la entrevista como técnicas de recolección de información soportado en el diario de campo y guión de entrevista. Los datos obtenidos fueron interpretados mediante un análisis de contenido. Se encontró que la diversidad cultural influye en los procesos de interacción e integración en la escuela al ser esto un factor de rechazo para aquellos estudiantes culturalmente distintos; incluso se presenta exclusión entre ellos mismos. No obstante, algunos educandos poseen la capacidad adaptativa de crear lazos de amistad para disipar diferencias y, existe un reconocimiento de que el compartir con otras culturas posibilita aprender de manera íntegra. Así mismo, la institución educativa se preocupa por la educación intercultural, pero es necesaria la creación de estrategias para garantizar la inmersión de todos sus estudiantes en los eventos escolares. Se concluye que, por la influencia de la multiculturalidad en la convivencia escolar, se hace necesario cambios pedagógicos y didácticos en la enseñanza escolar como fundamento de la adaptación a la realidad escolar y al intercambio de experiencias valoracionales para la comprensión de las singularidades del otro.
Investigating the Influence of Architecture and Material Composition of 3D Printed Anatomical Design Scaffolds for Large Bone Defects
Authors: Daskalakis Evangelos , Liu Fengyuan , Huang Boyang , A. Acar Anil , Cooper Glen , Weightman Andrew , Blunn Gordon , Koç Bahattin , Bartolo Paulo
Published: February 2021

There is a significant unmet clinical need to prevent amputations due to large bone loss injuries. We are addressing this problem by developing a novel, cost-effective osseointegrated prosthetic solution based on the use of modular pieces, bone bricks, made with biocompatible and biodegradable materials that fit together in a Lego-like way to form the prosthesis. This paper investigates the anatomical designed bone bricks with different architectures, pore size gradients, and material compositions. Polymer and polymer-composite 3D printed bone bricks are extensively morphological, mechanical, and biological characterized. Composite bone bricks were produced by mixing polycaprolactone (PCL) with different levels of hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tri-calcium phosphate (TCP). Results allowed to establish a correlation between bone bricks architecture and material composition and bone bricks performance. Reinforced bone bricks showed improved mechanical and biological results. Best mechanical properties were obtained with PCL/TCP bone bricks with 38 double zig-zag filaments and 14 spiral-like pattern filaments, while the best biological results were obtained with PCL/HA bone bricks based on 25 double zig-zag filaments and 14 spiral-like pattern filaments.
Quantized Turbo Equalization for Non-binary LDPC Coded Partial-Response Channels
Authors:   Weihai Beiyang Optic-Electronic Info-Tech Co. Ltd., China, Zhang Nina , Qin Zhiliang , Li Yingying , Xing Luyan , Lu Qidong , Liu Xiaowei
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we consider iterative detection and decoding (i.e., turbo equalization) for nonbinary low-density parity-check (LDPC) coded partial-response channels, where a quantizer is present to discretize the continuous received signal. We propose a turbo equalizer that uses the pre-computed quantized channel transition probabilities in the symbol-level BCJR channel detection algorithm, which significantly reduces the computational complexity by avoiding real-time floating-point multiplications. The proposed approach is further extended to nonbinary LDPC coded bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) channels. Simulation results show that with a small number of quantization bits, the proposed receiver approaches closely the performance of the conventional turbo equalizer operating on unquantized signals.
Indonesia and The Criminalization of Illegal, Unregulated, and Unreported Fishing in The Global Level
Authors: Ardhani Irfan
Published: February 2021

The staunch measures taken by President Joko Widodo’s administration in combating Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing has attracted considerable attention from academia. However, previous studies focused on analyzing law enforcement measures in terms of the sinking-vessel policy. Consequently, they failed to adequately comprehend how Indonesia deals with the problem by criminalizing IUU Fishing at the global level. This article attempts to fill such a gap. Employing the five stages of the historical evolution of a global prohibition regime, introduced by Andreas and Nadelmann (2006), this research investigated the progress of Indonesia’s campaign to criminalize IUU Fishing at the global level and identified some hurdles that Indonesia has to address in fostering the advancement of the criminalization campaign. This article discovered that Indonesia has arrived at the third stage of making the global prohibition regime of TOC in the fisheries industry and has to deal with the hurdles of argumentation weakness and disagreement from several countries.
Association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level with central obesity of the children in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Biswas Dhiraj Chandra , Rahman Moshiur , Sharmin Farzana , Jahan Ismat , Roy Ananya , Begum Suraiya
Published: February 2021

Background: Obesity is an exaggeration of normal adiposity. Central obesity in children has increased than general adiposity now a days, which is not routinely measured in clinical practice. Adipose tissue contributes to the secretion of a number of inflammatory cytokines which stimulate the production of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs–CRP) by the liver. The study was done to see the association of hs-CRP level with central obesity in Bangladeshi children.Methods: A total of 110 obese children aged between 10 to 18 years with BMI≥95th centile and age and sex matched 55 non-obese children with BMI≥5th to <85th centile according to centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) growth chart were selected. A structured questionnaire was prepared taking into account demographic and clinical parameters. The hs-CRP were estimated in study subjects and then correlated to central obesity by waist height ratio (WHtR).Results: The prevalence central obesity was 45.5% by WHtR and raised hs-CRP levels was 46.4% in obese children. About 62% of obese children had central obesity who had raised hs-CRP level ≥2 mg/l (high risk), which showed significant positive correlation with WHtR and was significantly raised in obese children.Conclusions: A high proportion of central obesity was observed in obese children who had raised hs-CRP level, suggesting that it might be useful to assess future metabolic and cardiovascular complication.
Urinary tract infections in children aged 6 months to 5 years presenting with severe acute malnutrition in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Dangayach Naveen , Jain Hemant
Published: February 2021

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) is more common in malnourished children than in well-nourished children. Malnutrition is associated with immune deficiency which makes affected children more vulnerable to various severe infections. World Health Organization (WHO) defined severe acute malnutrition (SAM) as weight-for-height below -3 standard deviations (or Z-scores) or mid upper arm circumference <11.5 cm or visible severe wasting or bilateral pedal edema.Methods: All eligible children were consecutively enrolled in the study. Detailed anthropometry measurements were taken and physical examination was done. Two urine specimens for routine microscopy and culture and sensitivity were sent. Antibiotic therapy was given as per standard protocol/sensitivity pattern. Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 IBM Corporation.Results: Prevalence of UTI in our study was 21.54% in children with SAM. UTI was more common in females than males in SAM children with maximum prevalence in less than 24 months of age. MUAC was the most prevalent diagnostic criteria. Fever was the most common presenting symptom, but 36.84% asymptomatic children with SAM had UTI. Increased frequency of micturition had 100% association with UTI. E. coli was the most common isolated bacteria. Most sensitive antibiotic was imipenem. Routinely used antibiotic like ceftriaxone showed significant percentage of resistance.Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of UTI among children with SAM, it is suggested that urine culture should be performed in all children with SAM to diagnose UTI and to treat it on basis of antibiotic sensitivity pattern.
Study of screen-time and sleep in children aged 3-15 years in Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Kadambi Prahlad , Reddy L Sushanth Prabhath , Aashiq S. Mohammed , P. Suresh
Published: February 2021

Background: Sleep plays a vital role in good health, growth and well-being. Sleep disorders manifest with disturbance in both quantity and quality of sleep. The current generation of children is growing up surrounded by a world of electronic media through the smartphones and tablets of their parents. Previous studies have shown that sleep disorders are increasing in pediatric age group. This study aimed to assess screen-time, quality and quantity of sleep in children aged 3-15 years.Methods: Total 104 children were recruited for our cross-sectional study from Meenakshi Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kanchipuram. After obtaining consent, Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) was administered after collecting clinical history. Anthropometry and clinical examination was performed.Results: Total 8 out of 104 children (7.69%) in the study had poor quality sleep (PSQ Score≥5). 48 out of 104 children (46.1%) had deficient quantity of sleep as per American Academy for Sleep Medicine (AASM) recommendations. Children born with low birth weight had comparatively poorer quality of sleep (r=0.331 p=0.015). All 104 children had spent more screen time than permitted for their age.Conclusions: Quality and quantity of sleep were affected in children aged 3-15 years. This may be attributed to increased screen time but needs to be confirmed in larger studies.
Evaluation of paediatric lymphadenopathy at a rural tertiary care centre
Authors: Pakala Mamatha , Tanneru Shreya , Thanda Prasada , Vuppala Prabhakar
Published: February 2021

Background: The aim and objectives of the present study was to determine the various etiologies of lymphadenopathy in children in our region and its associated clinical findings and prevalence of malignancy in children presented with significant lymphadenopathy.Methods: Sixty-five patients with significant lymphadenopathy charts were reviewed retrospectively from department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Surgery during the period of September 2018-2020. Patient’s records were evaluated in terms of age, gender, complaints, and characteristics of lymph nodes in terms of site, consistency, discharge, sinus and clinical course of a patient. Physical findings of all the cases were noted. Hematological and serological tests were done to know the source of infection. Clinical findings and laboratory results were corroborated with pathological diagnostic tests like FNAC and Excision biopsies in children with significant lymphadenopathyResults: The etiology was confirmed in 94% children and couldn’t be diagnosed in 6% children presented with significant lymphadenopathy. On evaluation commonest etiology was infection with reactive hyperplasia in 58% of children secondary to bacterial or viral infections, Kawasaki disease, suppurative lymphadenitis in 17%, tuberculous lymphadenitis in 14%, and malignancy in 11%. Majority of children presented with cervical lymphadenopathy. An unusual presentation of Non Hodgkin lymphoma as intestinal obstruction with no significant mass per abdomen, a case of nasopharyngeal carcinoma presented as torticollis due to massive unilateral cervical lymphadenopathy were diagnosedConclusions: The most widely encountered cause of lymphadenopathy in children was infection. Most of them are secondary to non specific viral or bacterial infections. The most important concern in children presenting with complaints of lymphadenopathy is the detection of underlying malignant disease. There was significant malignancy rate in our study in children with lymphadenopathy with few atypical presentations. Excisional biopsy is the gold standard method to confirm the diagnosis.
Pediatric tracheostomy in COVID-19 pandemic: a review
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar , Behera Ishwar Chandra , Ananda Nishtha
Published: February 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious infection caused by a novel strain of coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The severity of the COVID-19 infection of the pediatric patient varies broadly between a mild cough and fever to severe form of diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) for which some may need intubation and followed by mechanical ventilation through tracheostomy in case of prolonged ventilation. Performing tracheostomy in pediatric patient pose a challenge for health care professional as there is high chance of spread of the disease in COVID-19 pandemic. Surgical tracheostomy is an aerosol generating procedure which causes high chance of spread of infections. There is increasing concern for high transmissibility of the virus to the operating surgeon with their assisting staff and other nearby patients. Pediatric tracheostomy should be performed with close association with pediatric otolaryngologists, anesthesiologists and pediatric intensive care physicians along with adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) for smooth and safe execution of the procedure.
Mean platelet volume to platelet count ratio as a predictor of mortality in septic patients
Authors: Thomas Mithun Mathew , P. K. Vasant , Pillai M. Gopalkrishnan
Published: February 2021

Background: Sepsis is a major cause of mortality among critically ill patients. The complex pathophysiology involves infection with systemic inflammatory response. Early detection of sepsis, helps not only is stratification of risk, but also for monitoring its progression and efficacy of therapeutic interventions. At present there are only few reliable prognostic tools to predict severity and mortality in sepsis. This study evaluates the usefulness of mean platelet value in prognosticating patient admitted with sepsis.  Methods: We enrolled 200 patients prospectively, that have been admitted to our Medical ICU for sepsis over 2 years from 2018–2020. Changes in platelet indices, including mean platelet volume to platelet count ratio, were compared between survivors and non-survivors by using student’s t test. The prognostic value of mean platelet volume to platelet count ratio for 28-day mortality was ascertained by multivariate logistic regression.  Results: Total 39 (19.5 %) patients expired within 28 days of ICU admission. MPV increased during the first 72 hours of hospital stay for both survivor and non survivors. Mean platelet volume to platelet count ratio was significantly higher in non survivors (P<0.001) as compared to survivors. In multivariate cox regression, mean platelet volume to platelet count ratio was an independent predictor of 28-day mortality, after adjusting for plausible confounders.  Conclusions: Mean platelet volume to platelet count ratio is an independent risk factor for poor clinical outcomes. Hence monitoring mean platelet volume can prove as a simple tool to stratify the risk of mortality in septic patients.
Retrospective immediate post-operative comparative study of sequential bilateral total knee replacement versus unilateral total knee replacement for knee primary osteoarthritis
Authors: Kamat Sanil G. , Dessai Rohan
Published: February 2021

Background: The study is to compare the immediate post operative outcomes of sequential bilateral versus unilateral total knee replacement (TKR) for the treatment of primary knee osteoarthritis. Study comprised of 96 cases of tricompartmental knee primary osteoarthritis who have undergone unilateral and sequential bilateral total knee arthroplasty at Manipal Hospital, Goa from January 2016 to December 2018. The observations for each group was analysed and duration of hospital stay, post operative mobilisation, fall in haemoglobin level immediate post operative, need for blood transfusion, post operative complications, post operative pain and duration of surgery was recorded. The results were statistically compared. The mean duration of hospital stay, post operative blood loss in terms of fall in HB, post operative pain control, need of transfusions and duration of surgery revealed statistically significant differences.

Methods: Total 96 patients diagnosed with primary tricompartmental osteoarthritis were divided into two groups retrospectively. Group 1 operated with sequential bilateral TKR under single anaesthetic procedure and group 2 with unilateral TKR both operated by same surgeon and anaesthetist.

Results: It was observed that longer duration of surgery and hospital stay, higher fall in HB levels, increased need of analgesics and higher requirement of blood transfusions were associated with group 1 as compared to 2. Complication rates and post op mobilisation was similar in both groups.

Conclusions: Sequential bilateral TKR is a viable option for patient with symptomatic bilateral knees but patient selection and pre op counselling takes the priority.  

 
Traditional bone setting: an avoidable cause of major limb amputations
Authors: Salihu Mohammed N. , Arojuraye Soliudeen A. , Alabi Ibrahim A. , Yunusa Rilwanu , Mazankwarai Mohammed S.
Published: February 2021

Background: Despite the availability of modern health care services, patients in Nigeria still seek treatment by traditional bone setters. One of the major complications of this type of native fracture treatment is limb gangrene necessitating amputations. The objective of this study was to determine the role of traditional bone setting in major limb amputations.

Methods:  This retrospective study was carried out at a government orthopedic referral hospital. The study involved all patients who underwent major limb amputation between January 2015 and December 2019 in our center. Data were retrieved from medical records and operation registers. Information regarding age, sex, indications and levels of amputation and complications were studied.

Results: During the study period; of the 297 major limb amputations performedd, 194 (65.3%) were due to traditional bone setting. The median age of the patients was 11.0 years (1 to 45 years) and the interquartile range was 10 years. Majority of the patients 86 (44.3%) affected were children less than 10 years of age. Male were more affected than female (M:F=1:2). Lower limb is more affected than the upper limb. The commonest amputation done was below knee amputation in 79 (40.7%) of cases. The commonest complication was surgical site infection which occurred in 32 (16.5%) patients.

Conclusions: Traditional bone setting is a leading cause of major limb loss especially in children.
The role of preoperative computed tomography in surgical planning of intertrochanteric femur fractures fixation
Authors: Abdullah El Sayed A. , Salama Mina E.
Published: February 2021

Background: A precise preoperative evaluation of stability of intertrochanteric fractures is crucial for surgical planning. Three dimensional CT scanning is a useful tool for understanding the exact type of fracture pattern.  

Methods: A prospective study included 40 patients with intertrochanteric femoral fractures. They were classified into stable and unstable intertrochanteric fractures according to the X-ray based AO/OTA classification and according to Nakano 3D-CT classification and both classifications were correlated. The patients were operated on using dynamic hip screw (DHS) and were assessed radiologically and clinically by Harris hip score (HHS) after 6 months.

Results: There was significant statistical difference (p=0.031) and relation (p<0.001) between X-ray based AO/OTA classification and 3D-CT classification. Six cases from the 24 cases with stable pattern in AO/OTA system have unstable patterns in the 3D-CT (25%) and their percent from the 22 unstable patterns in 3D-CT is 27.27% and their percent from the total number of patients in the study is 15%.  

Conclusions: The superolateral support in the form of the greater trochanter which affects the lateral wall thickness is as important as the posteromedial lesser fragment in assessing the stability of the fracture pattern.  
Investigating the birth prevalence of congenital club foot in both Paktya and Kapisa provinces of Afghanistan
Authors: Shafaq Najibullah , Oryakhil Walikhan
Published: February 2021

Background: congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) or Clubfoot is one of the most common birth defects of the musculoskeletal system and affects 1 in every 1000 live births each year that cause mobility impairment. The purpose of this study is to investigating the birth prevalence of congenital club foot in both paktya and kapisa provinces of Afghanistan.

Methods: This study is descriptive and cross-sectional that is done on all live birth babies in a one-year period in the Paktya regional hospital (paktya province) and Alberoni teaching hospital (kapisa province) of Afghanistan from September 2019 to September 2020 and in this study, all ethical considerations were considered. The variables that were examined in our study included the following: type of delivery, mother age, gender and birth weight of the baby, newborn legs were photographed on the first day of birth and evaluated by an orthopedic surgeon. Finally, statistical data were analyze by using SPSS software

Results: In this study 35 cases of multiple births including 33 cases of twins and 2 cases of triplets were recorded and the rate of cesarean section was 5.96% in this group and data showed 99.65% of infant with no congenital talipes equinovarus or club foot abnormalities Subsequently, 0.35% or 36 people had congenital clubfoot which it had more incidence in male and bilateral form was more common.

Conclusions: Based on the results of our study we found that prevalence of clubfoot is about 3.5 per 1000 live birth similar to other low-income country which it’s rate was more. Because diagnosis and treatment of clubfoot in the early stages is more possible Therefore, timely recognition, diagnosis and treatment are significant and helpful to decrease medical expenses. Our result in this study support high prevalence of clubfoot anomaly in mentioned provinces of Afghanistan because of different genetic and environmental risk factor to provide practical suggestions we need more epidemiologic study in all over the Afghanistan to find them.
Clinical outcome comparison between LaPrade and Larson’s technique for posterolateral corner injury of knee
Authors: Kolusu Natesh , Aravind G. , Brungi Venkatesh
Published: February 2021

Background: The knee joint is the largest synovial joint in the body. It is a modified hinge joint. It is a tri axial joint consisting of three articulations, patella-femoral, medial tibio-femoral and lateral tibio-femoral joint. The posterolateral corner (PLC) is often called the “dark side” of the knee due to its complexity and the minimal amount of research performed to better understand its anatomy and biomechanics. The present study was conducted to analyse the postoperative clinical outcome of Larson’s technique in one group and LaPrade technique in another group and elucidating which technique best restores stability and function to an isolated PLC injury.

Methods: This was a prospective study involving 40 patients with postero-lateral corner injuries (PCL) divided into two groups of 20 patients each. Larson’s reconstruction and LaPrade’s reconstruction techniques were done and the clinical outcomes were analyzed.

Results: Mean postoperative Lysholm score for Larson group was 78.10±10.26 with scores ranging from 58-92 with median value of 80.0. Mean postoperative Lysholm score for LaPrade group was 85.7±8.802 with scores ranging from 60-96 with median value of 87.0. Mean postoperative IKDC score for Larson group was 74.0±8.93 with scores ranging from 60-90 with median value of 75.0. Mean postoperative IKDC score for LaPrade group was 84.9±5.67 with scores ranging from 73-92 with median value of 85.5. This study recorded similar outcomes in both the groups.

Conclusions: The posterolateral knee reconstruction techniques presented here significantly improved objective stability in patients with a chronic posterolateral knee injury.
Giant cell tumor distal end radius: resection and reconstruction using proximal fibular graft
Authors: Bharadwaj Rahul , Sharma Vipin , Singh Narinder , Singh Narinder
Published: February 2021

Giant cell tumour forms 4% of all primary tumors. GCT distal radius is very rare. Current study presents a case of a 27 year female who was managed by wide excision and reconstruction with ipsilateral fibula. At one year follow up, patient had excellent range of motion at wrist joint and hand.
Iliac vein injury after anterior transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion cage migration
Authors: Aleixo Catarina , Pereira Ricardo Santos , Sousa Henrique , Seabra Pedro , Marinhas José , Santos Filipe Lima
Published: February 2021

Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is an effective treatment for many spine conditions. Anterior cage migration is one of the known complications and major vessels injury after that is a rare but potentially disastrous complication. We present a case of a 65-year-old female patient who underwent a TLIF for the treatment of an instable low grade spondylolisthesis. During the procedure, anterior dislodgment of the cage was verified and it was not possible to retrieve it by this approach. Has no bleeding or change in hemodynamical status was verified, it was decided not to proceed to removal at that moment. A CT-scan was performed and showed the position of the cage migrated through the posterior wall of the confluence of the left internal and external iliac veins. A new surgery was performed by an anterior approach to remove the cage and repair the vessel injury, by a vascular surgeon. In this case, cage migration occurred mostly because of implant malfunction. Surgeons must be aware that anterior cage migration can cause vascular injuries, and removal of this implants is effective by an anterior approach but a vascular surgeon must be part of the team.
Pandemias y la economía del tráfico
Authors: Valbuena Hernández Pedro Nel
Published: February 2021

Este artículo elabora una reflexión acerca de los vínculos de la economía del tráfico y diversas pandemias acaecidas desde la edad antigua hasta el Covid-19.  Las premisas se respaldan a partir de la literatura relacionada con la temática que se expone.  La pandemia actual, reconstituye elementos analógicos con otras pandemias y, sugiere la tensión que emerge entre las medidas gubernamentales de atención a la contingencia y los efectos sobre el proceso económico.
Compartir y reconocer al otro: las claves del liderazgo que exige el momento actual
Authors: Soriano Alejandra , Anzola Castillo Iván
Published: February 2021

La experiencia y el perfil del profesor Iván Anzola Castillo, dan cuenta de una vida dedicada a la academia y la investigación: administrador de empresas de la Universidad Nacional, especialista en informática e investigación de operaciones. Fundador de Ascolfa, docente de una larga trayectoria en diferentes instituciones y coordinador del area organizacional en la Universidad del Bosque.

Conversamos con él sobre sus perspectivas acerca del momento actual y cómo enfrentarlo desde un modelo de liderazgo que responda a los retos y desafíos que impone la coyuntura que estamos atravesando
La pandemia del COVID-19
Authors: Cuevas-Alvear Nicolás
Published: February 2021

Editorial
Percepción del paciente sobre la aplicación de principios bioéticos en los cuidados de los estudiantes de enfermería
Authors: Mera Ángela Rosa Briones
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: determinar la percepción que tienen los pacientes del Hospital Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social de la ciudad de Portoviejo sobre la aplicación de principios bioéticos y cuidados por parte de los estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí. Método: descriptivo no experimentalbasado en una perspectiva cuali-cuantitativa; se aplicó una encuesta a 36 pacientes del servicio de cirugía Hospital IESS Portoviejo que conforman el total de la población durante el periodo comprendido entre octubre del 2016 y abril del 2017. La encuesta se definió con base en los cuatro principios de la bioética que son autonomía, justicia, beneficencia y no maleficencia. Resultados: se obtuvieron como resultados más relevantes que en lo que refiere a autonomía en promedio la opción de siempre se encuentra por encima del 70,00%; en lo que respecta al principio de justicia, este en promedio obtuvo respuestas que en la opción de siempre y a veces se distribuyen el 50,00% cada una; por su parte referente al principio de beneficencia los resultados obtenidos ref lejan una percepción positiva siendo estos superiores al 75,00%en promedio; y por último, sobre el principio de no maleficencia los resultados obtenidos ref lejan en promedio más del 70,00% en la opción de siempre siendo este un factor positivo en la percepción de los pacientes. Conclusiones: los estudiantes de enfermería cumplen con todos los aspectos involucrados en los principios de la bioética durante el proceso de atención en el marco de las prácticas formativas.
E l cálculo racional para elegir o la deliberación con sabiduría
Authors: Echeverri Álvarez Jonathan , Lopera Echavarría Juan Diego , Goenaga Peña Jesús
Published: February 2021

Este artículo cuestiona el carácter normativo de la medición para la toma de decisiones y sugiere la deliberación con sabiduría como un recurso más adecuado para decidir en incertidumbre. La ciencia de la medición, en principio, plantea una teoría explicativa sobre cómo los agentes deciden, sin embargo, al mismo tiempo indica una estrategia aparentemente razonable para elegir. La propuesta explicativa, que surge en la modernidad con una consideración normativa sobre la racionalidad, se propone una reducción de la incertidumbre; contrario a la deliberación con sabiduría cuyo punto de partida es un retorno sobre sí mismo. El texto se compone de cuatro apartados. El primer apartado discute los criterios epistemológicos que subyacen a la ciencia de la medición para decidir, además, presenta la Teoría de la Utilidad Esperada como principal propuesta explicativa que incorpora estos criterios. El segundo muestra el procedimiento que utiliza un agente racional para decidir en incertidumbre. El tercero hace una comparación entre el carácter normativo de una ciencia de la medición y la deliberación con sabiduría. Finalmente, el cuarto exhibe una distinción entre incertidumbre epistémica e incertidumbre ontológica.
The time of the “black sun”
Authors: Pniewski Dariusz
Published: February 2021

The text concerns the literary presentation of experiencing time that was characteristic of Romantics. In his latest book, Piotr Śniedziewski mentions time as a problem considered by 19th-century artists several times. The article presents this issue using the current reflection on the experience (Frank Ankersmit’s “historical sublime experience”) and the findings concerning the impact of photography that has been developing rapidly since 1839, on the way the literary represented world is shaped, as well as the use of photography as a tool of analysing time (“the visual model of time”).
Doctor of Engineering, professor Vladimir Efimovich Kurochkin is 70 years old
Authors:   Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS,  Saint Petersburg, Russia
Published: February 2021

Congratulation !
Application of MALDI target electrophoretically modified with TiO2 for mass spectrometry with surface-assisted laser desorpion / ionization
Authors:   Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, FMBA, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Gorbunov A. Yu. ,   Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS,  Saint Petersburg, Russia, Zorin I. M. ,   Saint Petersburg University, Russia, Ilyushonok S. K. ,   Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia,   Institute of Toxicology FMBA, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Bardin A. A. ,   Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, FMBA, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Keltsieva O. A. ,   Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS,  Saint Petersburg, Russia,   Institute of Toxicology FMBA, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Krasnov N. V. ,   Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS,  Saint Petersburg, Russia, Babakov V. N. ,   Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, FMBA, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Podolskaya E. P. ,   Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS,  Saint Petersburg, Russia,   Institute of Toxicology FMBA, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Published: February 2021

In this investigation, parameters of electrophoretic deposition (EPO) of TiO2 nanoparticles on stainless steel substrate have been optimized. The obtained coating was used as ion emitter during surface-assisted laser desorpion/ionization (SALDI). Herein, we demonstrate the high efficiency of obtained coatings for SALDI of amiodarone with subsequent Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Additional modification of coatings with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) allowed to significantly improve the sensitivity of SALDI-MS analysis.
Comprehensive control system for industrial robots
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Russian Federation, Vantsov S. V. , Sokolov V. A. , Khomutskaya O. V.
Published: February 2021

The article considers the control system for industrial robots (IR), including precision robots (РIR), representing the integration of systems of different levels of the control hierarchy into a single (integrated) system. There are the analyzes of the structural diagram and the original mathematical formulation of the control task and, accordingly, the principles of constructing algorithms for the functioning of such systems as a whole are given. It is shown that the expansion of the range of manufactured products requires continuous improvement of technological equipment, including both "mechanics" and the entire complex of control devices: electrics, electronics, pneumatics, hydraulics, optics and their possible various "complexes" (combinations). The presented hierarchical control systems can be used not only for stationary and mobile ground-based robotic systems, but also for controlling the movement of single and group UAVs, since in both cases it is necessary to move the IR unit in space to fulfill the assigned task.
O fenômeno variável da posição dos clíticos pronominais em cartas manuscritas dos tempos áureos da borracha
Authors: Freire Bandeira Grace
Published: February 2021

Neste artigo, tratamos da constituição de um corpus diacrônico do português registrado no Amazonas do século XIX. Os dados a que fazemos referência resultam de pesquisa que tem selecionado e organizado cartas manuscritas datadas de 1877 a 1989; correspondência, fundamentalmente de tom comercial, firmada entre pessoas físicas e jurídicas e a empresa J. G. Araújo, ao longo de 112 anos. Sob o modelo sociolinguístico quantitativo laboviano (LABOV, 1972), trazemos a descrição das formas verbais em uso no conjunto de dados, com destaque para as suas realizações escritas e para a sua relação com pronomes na função objeto. Para tal, analisamos 46 cartas, exemplares do século XIX, (destas, 21 com mais de uma página), com o propósito de estudar qual é o uso majoritário no material em estudo: se a próclise, se a ênclise. Nossos resultados apontam tendência à posição pré-verbal do clítico em relação ao verbo, com 57,31% de ocorrências de ‘me’ e ‘lhe’ em relação a um total de 164 dados. 
The Requisiteness for not Sacrificing Medical Biotechnology in the Coronavirus Era
Authors: Akhondzadeh Shahin , Shamabadi Ahmad
Published: February 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Accuracy of prehospital ambulance stroke test in terms of diagnosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke: A multi-center study
Authors: Karimi Somayeh , Heydari Farhad , Mirbaha Sahar , Elfil Mohamed , Baratloo Alireza
Published: February 2021

Background: Andsberg et al. have recently introduced a novel scoring system entitled “PreHospital Ambulance Stroke Test (PreHAST)”, which helps to early identification of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) even in prehospital setting. Its validity has not been assessed in a study yet, and the purpose of this study was to assess this scoring system on a larger scale to provide further evidence in this regard.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional multi-center accuracy study, in which, sampling was performed prospectively. All patients over 18 years of age admitted to the emergency department (ED) and suspected as AIS cases were included. All required data were recorded in a form consisting of 3 parts: baseline characteristics, neurological examination findings required for calculating PreHAST score, and the ultimate diagnosis made from interpretation of their brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Results: Data from 805 patients (57.5% men) with the mean age of 67.1 ± 13.6 years were analyzed. Of all the patients presenting with suspected AIS, 562 (69.8%) had AIS based on their MRI findings. At the suggested cut-off point (score ≥ 1), PreHAST had a specificity of 46.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 40.1%-53.0%) and a sensitivity of 93.2% (95%CI: 90.8%-95.2%).
Conclusion: According to the findings of our study, at the suggested cut-off point (score ≥ 1), PreHAST had 93.2% sensitivity and 46.5% specificity in detection of patients with AIS, which were somewhat different from those reported in the original study, where 100% sensitivity and 40% specificity were reported for this scoring system.
Giant axonal neuropathy: The first Iranian case with a variation in the gigaxonin gene and a glance to the other cases
Authors: Vafaee-Shahi Mohammad , Ghasemi Saeideh , Ghahvechi-Akbar Masood , Tahernia Leila , Davarzani Atefeh , Hajati Reza , Zare-Abdollahi Davood , Alavi Afagh
Published: February 2021

Background: Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is a very rare fatal neurodegenerative disorder with clinical and allelic heterogeneity. The disease is caused by mutations in the GAN (gigaxonin) gene. Herein, we reported the clinical presentations and results of genetic analysis of the first Iranian GAN case.
Methods: Phenotypic data were obtained by neurologic examination, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electromyography (EMG), electroencephalography (EEG), and sonography from the proband. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was isolated from peripheral blood leucocytes and whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed. The candidate variant was screened by Sanger sequencing in the proband and her family members.
Results: The proband was a 7-year-old girl who was admitted with a chief complaint of ataxia, muscle weakness, delayed developmental milestones, and history of psychiatric disorders. She was very moody and had clumsy gait, decreased deep tendon reflexes (DTRs) of lower limbs, and kinky hair. The brain MRI revealed white matter abnormality. The EMG revealed that her disease was compatible with the chronic axonal type of sensorimotor polyneuropathy; however, her EEG was normal. Results of the WES revealed a homozygous variant; c.G778T:p.E260* in the GAN gene, indicating the GAN disorder.
Conclusion: The present study affirmed GAN allelic heterogeneity and resulted in the expansion of the phenotypic spectrum of GAN pathogenic variants. Identification of more families with mutations in GAN gene helps to further understand the molecular basis of the disease and provides an opportunity for genetic counseling especially in the populations with a high degree of consanguineous marriage such as the Iranian population.
Development of a Multi-Epitope Recombinant Protein for the Diagnosis of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: JAMEIE Farnoosh , DALIMI Abdolhossein , PIRESTANI Majid , MOHEBALI Mehdi
Published: February 2021

Background: Iran is one of the endemic areas of Mediterranean Visceral Leishmaniasis, a disease caused by Leishmania infantum. In this work, we examined whether Proteína quimérica 10 (PQ10) recombinant protein is suitable for immunological diagnosis of human visceral leishmaniasis.
Methods: The study was carried out in Tarbiat Modares University during 2016- 2018. The coding sequence of PQ10 recombinant protein was sub-cloned in pET28 expression vector and was commercially synthesized by GENERAY Biotechnology, China. Sequencing with proper primers was done, the expression, optimization of expression and protein purification were performed, and the purified recombinant protein was confirmed by western blot. The efficacy of PQ10 for serodiagnosis was evaluated with 50 positive and 50 negative serum samples, which confirmed by the direct agglutination test and collected from individuals living in the visceral leishmaniasis endemic areas of Iran. ELISA was performed with the PQ10 recombinant protein.
Results: The 95% CI sensitivity of ELISA that was evaluated with sera from naturally infected individuals was 84%. The 95% CI specificity value of the ELISA determined with sera from healthy individuals (50 serum samples) and from individuals with other infectious diseases was 82%. The 95% CI positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were exterminated 82.35% and 83.67%, respectively.
Conclusion: We have used a recombinant synthetic protein to improve serodiagnosis of human visceral leishmaniasis. PQ10 could be useful for diagnosis of asymptomatic cases, as well as in the early phase of infections.
Therapeutic Effect of Chitosan Nanoparticles and Metronidazole in Treatment of Experimentally Giardiasis Infected Hamsters
Authors: El-GENDY Alaaeldin Mohammed Labib , MOHAMMED Mohammed Abdelmoneim Abdelhamid , GHALLAB Marwa Mohammed Ibrahim , ABDEL AZIZ Marwa Omar , IBRAHIM Shereen Mahmoud
Published: February 2021

Background: The present study aimed to assess the therapeutic effect of chitosan nanoparticles and metronidazole against Giardia lamblia as well as evaluate the efficacy of loading metronidazole on chitosan nanoparticles.
Methods: This study was carried out at medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University and Theodor Bilharz Research institute (TBRI) from February 2019 to February 2020 on 45 hamsters. They were divided into 5 groups 9 hamsters each: Group A non-infected hamsters, Group B infected control group, Group C, D and E infected with G. lamblia and treated with Chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs), metronidazole (MTZ) and metronidazoleloaded chitosan nanoparticles (MTZ-CsNPs) respectively.
Results: The highest percentage of reduction in the Giardia cyst and trophozoite counts were in group that received MTZ-CsNPs (94.69%, 94.29%). Lower percentages of reduction were recorded for MTZ treated group (90.15%, 89.52%) and CsNPs treated group (63.64%, 75.24%). Histopathological examination showed marked healing of intestinal mucosa after treatment with MTZCsNPs.
Conclusion: CsNPs showed a therapeutic effect against Giardia infection in hamsters. Loading of metronidazole on chitosan nanoparticles enhanced therapeutic effect of both CsNPs as well as metronidazole.
Investigation on Parasites and some Causes of Mortality in Captive Punjab urial (Ovis vignei punjabiensis), Pakistan
Authors: KHATTAK Romaan Hayat , LIU Zhensheng , TENG Liwei , AHMED Sher , ALI SHAH Said Sajjad , ABDEL-HAKEE Sara Salah
Published: February 2021

Background: The present study was conducted in Jul 2019 and Jan 2020 in two wildlife parks of the Nowshera district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, where the endangered Punjab urial (Ovis vignei punjabiensis) is successfully bred in captivity. We determined diversity of internal and external parasites that take advantage of the situation of congestion, resulting in massive mortalities of wild animals in captivity.
Methods: Internal parasites of living urial were determined by direct wet smear and flotation methods, while dead urial was necropsied for any pertaining observation.
Results: All examined fecal samples were found infected with gastrointestinal parasites, which had significant difference in the total abundance in winter and summer. S. papillosus and H.contortus, and a single protozoan, Eimeria spp. were the dominant parasites in fecal samples. Ticks collected from urial enclosures and dead animals were of single species H. anatolicum. Theileria spp. was observed in blood, while hydatid cysts were found in lungs and liver of necropsied urial. 
Conclusion: The study indicates that internal parasites such as Haemonchus contortus and Strongyloides papillosus, while external parasites as Hyalomma anatolicum ticks played major role in the population decline. Strict veterinary control of infectious diseases, provision of hygienic and supplementary diet, and proper maintenance of urial population are necessary measures for the control of mortalities.
In Vitro Antischistosomal Activity of the Argemone mexicana Methanolic Extract and Its Main Component Berberine
Authors: ELIZONDO-LUÉVANO Joel H. , CASTRO-RÍOS Rocío , VICENTE Belén , FERNÁNDEZ-SOTO Pedro , LÓPEZ-ABAN Julio , MURO Antonio , CHÁVEZMONTES Abelardo
Published: February 2021

Background: Schistosomiasis has been identified as a major public health problem in tropical countries. The present study aimed to investigate the schistosomicidal effects of the methanolic extract of Argemone mexicana L. and its active component, berberine against Schistosoma mansoni on in-vitro experiments.
Methods: S. mansoni adults were used. Various concentrations of the methanolic extract (10 - 200 µg/ml) and berberine (2.5 - 50 µM) were tested from 24 to 72 h. The viability of S. mansoni was confirmed with an invertoscope-microscope. Furthermore, cytotoxic (Hemolysis test), and antioxidant (DPPH radical scavenging assay) capacities were determined.
Results: The viability tests on S. mansoni showed that A. mexicana at 50 μg/mL is lethal at 48 h and berberine at 10 μM is lethal at 24 h. The hemolytic activity at 1,000 μg/mL was 2.9% for A. mexicana and 90.2% for berberine. The antioxidant capacities shown by A. mexicana and berberine, were EC50 156.3 and 84.1 μg/mL, respectively.
Conclusion: The extract of A. mexicana and berberine demonstrated high antischistosomal activities in low concentration and short exposure time on the in-vitro model.