bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and factors influencing long acting reversible contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in Nigeria
Authors: Bolarinwa Obasanjo Afolabi , Olagunju Olalekan Seun
Published: April 2020

Background: Approximately 48% of unintended pregnancies occur as a result of contraceptive failure around the world, which is largely due to incorrect use, poor adherence and/or technology failure. Long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods have been developed to close this gap because it’s not dependent on compliance with a pill-taking regimen; remembering to change patch or ring; or fixing an appointment with physicians. The main aim of this study is to identify the factors influencing the women associated with use of LARC and to examine the relationship between knowledge of LARC and its current use.

Methods: This study assessed the PMA2020 methodology and secondary dataset using female datasets from PMA 2016 (Round 3) exercise. PMA 2016 was a survey carried out in seven states of Nigeria. The target population for this study was women of reproductive age (15-49 years) currently using contraception prior to the survey. The sample size of women meeting inclusion criteria in this study was 1927. The data were analyzed using frequency distribution, chi-square and logistic regression at 5% level of significant.

Results: The results showed that 21.0% of women were using traditional methods. Concerning LARC methods, the table showed that 14.8% of the sampled women were using LARC methods. Findings further showed that at both levels of analyses there is a significant relationship (P<0.05 and P=0.00 for binary and multivariable logistic regression, respectively) between knowledge of LARCs and uses in this study. This means that knowledge of LARC & other socio-demographic variables among women of reproductive age in Nigeria can influence the use of it.

Conclusions: From the result of the study we concluded that 14.8% of women using contraception were using LARC. Additionally, level of education, age of women, household wealth and number of living children were significantly associated with using LARC.
Insights from quantitative and mathematical modelling on the proposed 2030 goal for gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT)
Authors:   NTD Modelling Consortium Discussion Group on Gambiense Human African Trypanosomiasis
Published: April 2020

Gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT) is a parasitic, vector-borne neglected tropical disease that has historically affected populations across West and Central Africa and can result in death if untreated. Following from the success of recent intervention programmes against gHAT, the World Health Organization (WHO) has defined a 2030 goal of global elimination of transmission (EOT). The key proposed indicator to measure achievement of the goal is zero reported cases. Results of previous mathematical modelling and quantitative analyses are brought together to explore both the implications of the proposed indicator and the feasibility of achieving the WHO goal.

Whilst the indicator of zero case reporting is clear and measurable, it is an imperfect proxy for EOT and could arise either before or after EOT is achieved. Lagging reporting of infection and imperfect diagnostic specificity could result in case reporting after EOT, whereas the converse could be true due to underreporting, lack of coverage, and cryptic human and animal reservoirs. At the village-scale, the WHO recommendation of continuing active screening until there are three years of zero cases yields a high probability of local EOT, but extrapolating this result to larger spatial scales is complex.

Predictive modelling of gHAT has consistently found that EOT by 2030 is unlikely across key endemic regions if current medical-only strategies are not bolstered by improved coverage, reduced time to detection and/or complementary vector control.  Unfortunately, projected costs for strategies expected to meet EOT are high in the short term and strategies that are cost-effective in reducing burden are unlikely to result in EOT by 2030. Future modelling work should aim to provide predictions while taking into account uncertainties in stochastic dynamics and infection reservoirs, as well as assessment of multiple spatial scales, reactive strategies, and measurable proxies of EOT.
Is optometry ready for myopia control? Education and other barriers to the treatment of myopia
Authors: McCrann Saoirse , Flitcroft Ian , Loughman James
Published: April 2020

Background: With the increasing prevalence of myopia there is growing interest in active myopia control. However, the majority of progressive myopes are still prescribed single vision spectacles. This prospective study aims to elucidate the knowledge and attitudes of optometrists toward myopia control, and thereby identify perceived barriers to the implementation of a risk focussed model of myopia management.

Methods: A series of four focus group discussions were conducted involving optometrists in different settings and career stages.

Results: The key finding to emerge is a disconnect in myopia control knowledge and practices between academic optometrists, final year optometry students and clinicians in practice. Academic faculty believe the optometry curriculum should provide undergraduates with the clinical skills to practise myopia control, however, although students were knowledgeable in relation to myopia associated risk factors, some students had not yet undertaken any practical form of myopia control in their undergraduate degree. Furthermore, students may not receive hands-on myopia control experience during their supervised practice placement, as the majority of clinicians do not offer myopia control treatments, other than to communicate lifestyle advice to modify risk of myopia progression. Clinicians alluded to a lack of availability of myopia control interventions and identified a range of barriers relating to their training, clinical practice and public health challenges, financial, technological and other constraints that affect the implementation of such interventions.

Conclusion: ﻿It appears optometrists have to yet embrace myopia control as a core element of the clinical eye care service they provide. Education, training, finance, and time restrictions, as well as limited availability of myopia control therapies were among the main perceived barriers to myopia control. This study revealed a distinct need for alignment between optometric training and the public health need for effective myopia control.
Chisholm's Modal Paradox(es) and Counterpart Theory 50 Years On
Authors: Ramachandran Murali
Published: April 2020

Lewis’s [1968] counterpart theory (LCT for short), motivated by his modal realism, made its appearance within a year of Chisholm’s modal paradox [1967]. We are not modal realists, but we argue that a satisfactory resolution to the paradox calls for a counterpart-theoretic (CT-)semantics. We make our case by showing that the Chandler–Salmon strategy of denying the S4 axiom [◊◊ψ →◊ψ] is inadequate to resolve the paradox – we take on Salmon’s attempts to defend that strategy against objects from Lewis and Williamson. We then consider three substantially different CT-approaches: Lewis’s LCT, Forbes’s (FCT), including his fuzzy version, and Ramachandran’s (RCT). We argue that the best approach is a mish-mash of FCT and RCT.
Intertemporal Segmentation via Flexible-Duration Group Buying
Authors: Hu Ming , Liu Jingchen , Zhai Xin
Published: April 2020

Problem definition : We study a special form of group buying: the group buying succeeds only if the number of sign-ups reaches a preset threshold, with no duration constraint. Customers with heterogeneous valuations arrive sequentially and decide between signing up for the group buying or purchasing a regular product. To decide whether to join the group buying, customers need to estimate their expected waiting time, which varies depending on the cumulative sign-ups by the time of their arrival. The firm decides on the prices for the group-buying product and regular product, with the product quality levels and group-buying size exogenously determined. Academic/practical relevance : This type of group buying is often adopted for a special edition of the product and offered alongside a constantly available regular product. Methodology : We study the product line design with the group-buying sign-up behavior of customers characterized by the rational expectations equilibrium in a random pledging process. Results : We show that group buying with flexible duration can result in intertemporal customer segmentation, as different segments might be admitted at different times in the dynamic sign-up process. Such intertemporal segmentation is a natural discrimination scheme and has nontrivial implications. First, the efficiency loss due to waiting for enough sign-ups may decrease when a larger batch size is required for economic production. Second, as valuation heterogeneity in the market increases, the firm may not always benefit from offering group buying along with the regular product. Third, group buying can achieve a win-win-win situation for both high-end and low-end customers as well as the firm. Managerial implications : In addition to demonstrating the profitability of flexible-duration group buying, we show that the firm can strengthen its profitability by contingently setting prices or concealing sign-up information in group buying. We also confirm the robustness of our main insights by considering customers’ heterogeneous patience levels and horizontally differentiated products, among other factors.
Modeling and Design of Container Terminal Operations
Authors: Roy Debjit , De Koster René , Bekker René
Published: April 2020

The design of container terminal operations is complex because multiple factors affect operational performance. These factors include numerous choices for handling technology, terminal topology, and design parameters and stochastic interactions between the quayside, stackside, and vehicle transport processes. In this research, we propose new integrated queuing network models for rapid design evaluation of container terminals with automated lift vehicles and automated guided vehicles. These models offer the flexibility to analyze alternate design variations and develop insights. For instance, the effect of different vehicle dwell point policies and efficient terminal layouts are analyzed. We show the relation among the dwell point–dependent waiting times and also show their asymptotic equivalence at heavy traffic conditions. These models form the building blocks for design and analysis of large-scale terminal operations. We test the model efficacy using detailed simulation experiments and real-terminal validation.
High-Status Affiliations and the Success of Entrants: New Bands and the Market for Live Music Performances, 2000–2012
Authors: Piazza Alessandro , Phillips Damon J. , Castellucci Fabrizio
Published: April 2020

Network affiliations have been extensively investigated as a way for new entrants to establish a foothold in markets. A commonly invoked mechanism is that of signaling, whereby affiliations provide exposure and improve a newcomer's odds of success. Our paper highlights a second mechanism that we argue is especially relevant in cultural markets: how a new entrant's perceived distinctiveness varies based on its affiliations. Leveraging data on music concerts, interviews of musicians, and biographical and genre information from archival sources, we investigate the effects of early affiliations for 1,385 bands formed between 2000 and 2005. In particular, we consider whether a new band benefits from appearing with a high-status act. If the main value is signaling, then a newcomer would be better off opening for high status bands, because doing so maximizes both legitimacy and exposure. However, in such conditions entrants run the risk of not being allocated enough attention, and thus not being seen as sufficiently distinctive. While the literature typically emphasizes the positive role of signaling, we find that our results more strongly support the notion of distinctiveness: new bands that frequently appeared with high-status artists made less money and were more likely to subsequently dissolve. This suggests that social network approaches to cultural markets need to better incorporate how network position affects a newcomer's opportunity to be recognized as distinctive.
How to undertake a literature search: enhancing your search
Authors: Key Julie
Published: April 2020

This article follows on from a previous article on how to carry out a literature search ( Watson, 2020 ) and looks at how you can enhance your search by going beyond journal databases to using search engines, websites and grey literature sources. Ways to evaluate the resources you find, the use of critical appraisal tools and factors to consider when presenting your results are also discussed.
Universal adhesive vascular access securement with Grip-Lok devices
Authors: Barton Andrew
Published: April 2020

The use of sutureless, adhesive securement devices in vascular access has become recommended as best practice, because they are a cost-effective, reliable solution. After a vascular access device has been inserted, catheter securement is one of the most important aspects of care and maintenance. The Grip-Lok® range offers secure, comfortable adhesive securement for all types of vascular access devices. The products use hypoallergenic medical adhesive, which reduces the risk of skin irritation and provides a reliable, adaptable alternative to suturing.
Clinically indicated replacement of peripheral vascular catheters: is it safe for patients?
Authors: Poovelikunnel Toney T , Duffy Fionnuala , Puthussery Thressia , Gangadharan Shaini , McCormack Fiona , Carpenter Helen , Kizhakedath Mary , Hawkshaw Susan
Published: April 2020

Replacing peripheral vascular catheters when clinically indicated rather than routinely has multiple benefits for patients and practitioners. Managing vascular catheters based on clinical indication provides early opportunities for intervention, or catheter removal or replacement. Where clinically indicated, peripheral vascular catheters can be used for a long time, and this is aided by decision-making tools such as the visual infusion phlebitis score and care bundles. Fewer cannulations result in less pain, better patient comfort and a lower risk of infection. For each cannulation avoided, about 20 minutes can be saved for other care activities. Replacing peripheral vascular catheters according to clinical indication can improve patient safety and optimise resource use.
The management of emergency spinal surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy
Authors: Giorgi P. D. , Villa F. , Gallazzi E. , Debernardi A. , Schirò G. R. , Crisà F. M. , Talamonti G. , D’Aliberti G.
Published: April 2020

Aims

The current pandemic caused by COVID-19 is the biggest challenge for national health systems for a century. While most medical resources are allocated to treat COVID-19 patients, several non-COVID-19 medical emergencies still need to be treated, including vertebral fractures and spinal cord compression. The aim of this paper is to report the early experience and an organizational protocol for emergency spinal surgery currently being used in a large metropolitan area by an integrated team of orthopaedic surgeons and neurosurgeons.

Methods

An organizational model is presented based on case centralization in hub hospitals and early management of surgical cases to reduce hospital stay. Data from all the patients admitted for emergency spinal surgery from the beginning of the outbreak were prospectively collected and compared to data from patients admitted for the same reason in the same time span in the previous year, and treated by the same integrated team.

Results

A total of 19 patients (11 males and eight females, with a mean age of 49.9 years (14 to 83)) were admitted either for vertebral fracture or spinal cord compression in a 19-day period, compared to the ten admitted in the previous year. No COVID-19 patients were treated. The mean time between admission and surgery was 1.7 days, significantly lower than 6.8 days the previous year (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The structural organization and the management protocol we describe allowed us to reduce the time to surgery and ultimately hospital stay, thereby maximizing the already stretched medical resources available. We hope that our early experience can be of value to the medical communities that will soon be in the same emergency situation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(6):671–676.
A Tomada de Decisão Empresarial em Finanças: Aspectos Epistemológicos e Paradigmáticos
Authors: Gomes Matheus da Costa , Valle Mauricio Ribeiro do
Published: April 2020

Este caso de ensino fornece a possibilidade de discussão sobre questões epistemológicas e paradigmáticas em Finanças, sobretudo quanto às influências cognitivas, sociais e emocionaisobservadas sobre a tomada de decisão dos indivíduos – campo de estudo das Finanças Comportamentais. O presente caso fictício exemplifica como as crenças, emoções e sentimentos do gestor podem influenciar suas decisões e, consequentemente, impactar o desempenho de seu negócio. Inicialmente, o caso de sucesso do Sr. Batista é apresentado e serve para elucidar o que vem depois dele: revisão da literatura envolvendo a tomada de decisão financeira, questõespara reflexão, discussão e considerações finais. Ao apresentar aspectos contemporâneos da discussão paradigmática em Finanças e ao fornecer de forma elucidativa ideias e base teóricapara pesquisadores, alunos e demais indivíduos interessados na investigação teórica e prática de assuntos da área, este caso de ensino contribui com a formação e o desenvolvimento de senso crítico de profissionais de finanças, pesquisadores, estudantes de pós-graduação e estudantes de graduação em nível avançado.
Estimating reliability statistics and measurement error variances using instrumental variables with longitudinal data
Authors: Goldstein Harvey , Haynes Michele , Leckie George , Tran Phuong
Published: April 2020

The presence of randomly distributed measurement errors in scale scores such as those used in educational and behavioural assessments implies that careful adjustments are required to statistical model estimation procedures if inferences are required for ‘true’ as opposed to ‘observed’ relationships. In many cases this requires the use of external values for ‘reliability’ statistics or ‘measurement error variances’ which may be provided by a test constructor or else inferred or estimated by the data analyst. Popular measures are those described as ‘internal consistency’ estimates and sometimes other measures based on data grouping. All such measures, however, make particular assumptions that may be questionable but are often not examined. In this paper we focus on scaled scores derived from aggregating a set of indicators, and set out a general methodological framework for exploring different ways of estimating reliability statistics and measurement error variances, critiquing certain approaches and suggesting more satisfactory methods in the presence of longitudinal data. In particular, we explore the assumption of local (conditional) item response independence and show how a failure of this assumption can lead to biased estimates in statistical models using scaled scores as explanatory variables. We illustrate our methods using a large longitudinal data set of mathematics test scores from Queensland, Australia.
Effect of photoinitiator concentration on hygroscopic stability of UV cured precision replicated composite optics
Authors: Ferrelli Geena L. , Kim Hyun I. , Zaldivar Rafael J.
Published: April 2020

Replicated composite optics is a promising technique to fabricate high-quality mirrors with reduced weight and processing time compared to conventional glass mirrors; however, the optical layer is organic and susceptible to environmentally-induced dimensional changes, specifically to moisture exposures. Generally, to enhance polymer stability, thermal curing is necessary to maximize the cure state. Because replications are bonded, thermal exposures generate residual stresses that degrade optical quality. In this paper, the cure state of a UV-cured epoxy with RT processing was varied by changing the photoinitiator (PI) concentration, and the replication stability was evaluated in different humidity environments by laser interferometry. Increasing the PI concentration transformed the epoxy microstructure from homogenous to a more phasic network, as evidenced by both DMA and AFM, resulting in significant changes to the Tg, modulus, and moisture absorption. When replications were exposed to moisture, they experienced initial swelling followed by stress relaxation to net-zero regardless of initial processing stress. Reduced PI concentrations exhibited higher moduli and shorter swelling periods, with dimensional changes as small as 35 nm and complete stress relaxation in days. TTS master curves describing stress relaxation behavior correlated well with the observed behavior in replicated mirror samples. Furthermore, it was shown that the relieved stress persisted through multiple humidity cycles between 100% to 0% RH. These results show that high-humidity conditioning treatments can be utilized to eliminate residual stress in as-fabricated replicated mirrors over just a few days, providing a viable manufacturing and processing route for highly precise and stable replicated composite mirrors.
Fluorescence imaging of cells using long-range electromagnetic surface waves for excitation
Authors: Prusakov K. A. , Bagrov D. V. , Basmanov D. V. , Romanov S. A. , Klinov D. V.
Published: April 2020

We present a depth-localized illumination technique for wide-field fluorescence microscopy, based on long-range optical surface waves. This technique allows one to excite the fluorescence only in a thin near-substrate layer of the specimen. Our experimental setup is compatible with both upright and inverted microscopes. It provides fluorescent microscopic images, which are superior to the epifluorescence ones in signal-to-noise ratio, contrast, and detail. We demonstrate the applicability of our technique for imaging both bacterial and eukaryotic cells (E. coli and HeLa, respectively).
Optics theory and practice in Iberoamerica: introduction to the feature issue
Authors: Olague Gustavo , Bakshi Sambit , Álvarez-Borrego Josué , Mait Joseph N. , Martínez-García Amalia , Testorf Markus E.
Published: April 2020

This feature issue of Applied Optics (AO) on Optics Theory and Practice in Iberoamerica (OTPI) collects significantly expanded refereed papers presented at the multiconference RIAO-OPTILAS-MOPM, held in Cancún, Mexico, Sept. 23–27, 2019. All authors who participated at the conference were contacted and invited to contribute to this special issue. Furthermore, the AO dedicated issue on OTPI was open to contributions from other practitioners in all related areas, through a call for papers published in AO.
Terahertz optical fibers [Invited]
Authors: Islam Md. Saiful , Cordeiro Cristiano M. B. , Franco Marcos A. R. , Sultana Jakeya , Cruz Alice L. S. , Abbott Derek
Published: April 2020

Lying between optical and microwave ranges, the terahertz band in the electromagnetic spectrum is attracting increased attention. Optical fibers are essential for developing the full potential of complex terahertz systems. In this manuscript, we review the optimal materials, the guiding mechanisms, the fabrication methodologies, the characterization methods and the applications of such terahertz waveguides. We examine various optical fiber types including tube fibers, solid core fiber, hollow-core photonic bandgap, anti-resonant fibers, porous-core fibers, metamaterial-based fibers, and their guiding mechanisms. The optimal materials for terahertz applications are discussed. The past and present trends of fabrication methods, including drilling, stacking, extrusion and 3D printing, are elaborated. Fiber characterization methods including different optics for terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) setups are reviewed and application areas including short-distance data transmission, imaging, sensing, and spectroscopy are discussed.
Photocontrol of a microbubble in a fiber-based hollow microstructure
Authors: Cao Kunjian , Liu Yi , Han Zhongli , Xu Qinfeng , Zhao Yuan , Lang Changpeng
Published: April 2020

We experimentally demonstrated a novel photocontrol scheme of a microbubble. The microbubble was confined in a fiber-based hollow microstructure and its movement was driven by the laser-induced photothermal Marangoni force. The position of the microbubble was controlled at a micrometer scale by simply adjusting the drive laser power. This scheme permitted the firsthand control of a microbubble with a divergent single laser beam. As a practical demonstration, we proposed a variable fiber all-optical attenuator by exploiting the total internal reflection on the surface of the photo-controlled microbubble to modulate the target light beam. The experimental results showed that such a compact fiber attenuator possessed a low insertion loss of 0.83 dB, a maximum extinction ratio of 28.7 dB, and had potential to be integrated into the lab-on-a-chip for the modulation of the light beam power.
Camera calibration method with focus-related intrinsic parameters based on the thin-lens model
Authors: Lu Zhangji , Cai Lilong
Published: April 2020

In this paper, a calibration method for a camera with focus-related intrinsic parameters based on the thin-lens model is proposed to realize highly accurate measurement for small objects with extended depth of field (DOF). It mainly solves inaccurate calibration and small DOF problems at high magnification of vision systems. The mathematical camera model, initial camera calibration based on the iterative radial alignment constraint (IRAC) and optimization strategy are presented. The effectiveness, accuracy and practicality of the proposed calibration method are verified by both simulations and experiments. The root mean square errors of measured points in the 3D world coordinates with the proposed calibration method decrease from 22.02 μm to 1.66 μm when the magnification of the vision system increases from 0.12× to 0.66×. With the proposed calibration method based on the thin-lens model, accurate measurement, extended DOF and low calibration workload can be achieved.
Editorial
Authors: Providência Paulo , Moniz Gonçalo Canto
Published: April 2020

Ensinar pelo Projecto

O ensino e aprendizagem de Projecto de Arquitectura, contrariamente ao que a designação da disciplina deixaria supor, não é uma aplicação prática (o projecto) de uma teoria prévia (a arquitectura). Movendo-se num campo complexo que convoca o conhecimento implícito, a experiência pessoal, a consciência crítica, a reflexão-na-acção, ou a síntese operativa, o Projecto de Arquitectura é uma disciplina de síntese que se socorre tanto das ciências sociais, como das artes e humanidades, ou das ciências e tecnologias, para construir um argumento narrativo transformador. Pode-se por isso pensar que embora com uma forte componente prática, o seu objectivo é a construção teórica da Arquitectura e também, inversamente, que a sua eficácia teórica ou reflexiva estará dependente da sua materialização prática e instrutiva

Teaching through Design

Despite of what the name may lead one to believe, Architectural Design Studio teaching and learning is not a practical application (project) of a previous theory (architecture). It moves in a complex field that calls for implicit knowledge, personal experience, critical conscience, reflection- in-action, or operative synthesis, the Architectural Design Studio is a discipline of synthesis that resorts to social sciences, and as arts and humanities, or sciences and technologies, to build a transforming narrative argument. Albeit showing, a strong practical approach, its main goal is a theoretical construction of architecture. However, its theoretical efficacy is dependent upon its practical and instructive materialization.
Argumentação e delito.
Authors: Jorge Pedro Fonseca
Published: April 2020

O ensino da arquitectura é comummente considerado como dividido em duas partes distintas: o projecto e o ensino da teoria, que funciona como suporte da prática, ainda que simulada, durante a formação. No entanto é necessário repensar a teoria como anexo ao projecto para incluí-la na prática do mesmo. A arquitectura contemporânea atingiu um estatuto que projecta a imagem da matéria arquitectónica para lá de outras considerações acerca da sua utilidade, uso ou integração. A “asseptização” do objecto, através da anulação do signo, significado e significante induziu a uma dificuldade na sua percepção enquanto formalização de um conceito que levou a que a compreensão da Arquitectura se traduza num acto de fé: inexplicável, mas ao mesmo tempo credível. O aluno de projecto está sujeito ao poder imagético e assume-a como um fim, manipulando dados do problema para obter o resultado pretendido: a imagem. O formador tem a responsabilidade de possuir o necessário background teórico para alertar o aluno que a forma que pretende resulta de um processo mental que organiza teoria e prática e que a antecede. E que deste modo a forma apresentada possui um significado que consiste na responsabilização do arquitecto perante a paisagem e a sociedade.
Moments of recognition. The four semester studio at Queens Universtiy Belfast
Authors: Clancy Andrew , Moore Colm , McGarry Michael
Published: April 2020

The symbol of the red hand is used by most institutions in Northern Ireland including our own Queen’s University Belfast. This image (fig.1) was made in 1950‘s to encourage visitors to Northern Ireland — the location of our school of architecture at Queen’s University Belfast. The illustration refers to the source of this image — a mythological story concerning a boat race to the island involving two competing chie7ains. Simply put, first to touch dry land would acquire ownership of the island. One of the chieftains senses he is behind in the race and therefore cuts oð one of his hands, throws it forward onto the shore becoming in the act the first to touch terra firma. He gains possession and the nickname Red Hand Larry.
Design and research in architecture: common points
Authors: Rodrigues José Miguel Neto Viana Brás
Published: April 2020

If, at least since the crises of the academic education, teaching architecture through design seems an evidence, yet we can’t say the same about the research through design. This modality – which, we should recognize, is still taking the first steps into a world that is strange to it and hostile, even for a lack of knowledge and ignorance - have a history of weight among the treatise History. Think, for instead, in Serlio, but in particular in Palladio, for whom the subject of his "treatise" included – strangely, in the eyes of some, even today! - simultaneously: i.) the ancients, ii.) some contemporary and iii.) their own projects (residing here, perhaps, the most unique aspect of their approach). One of the main forms of resistance to the research through design has its roots certainly in a methodological dissent that distinguishes architecture from other areas of knowledge: its natural and unrestrained vocation to action that often leads the charge of moralism, not by chance. In this sense, the architectural thought differs from other forms of thoughts that don’t depend on the action as a link of its intelligibility.
TAPE 2013
Authors: Trabalhos apresentados a projeto para exposição TAPE
Published: April 2020

Trabalhos apresentados a projecto para exposição relativos ao ano lectivo de 2012-2013
CODE OF ETHICS BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES
Authors: Coimbra Universidade de
Published: April 2020

1.1. Editors should be accountable for everything published in their journals.This means the editors should:1.2. strive to meet the needs of readers and authors;1.3. strive to constantly improve their journal;1.4. have processes in place to assure the quality of the material they publish;1.5. champion freedom of expression;1.6. preclude business needs from compromising intellectual and ethical standards;1.7. always be willing to publish corrections, clarifications, retractions and apologies when needed.
Workshop internacional de Arquitetura sobre Alojamento Estudantil e Reabilitação Urbana. República: Arquitetura, Universidade e Cidade
Authors: Moniz Gonçalo Canto , Gonçalves Adelino
Published: April 2020

O Workshop ‘República: Arquitetura, Universidade e Cidade’constituiu uma plataforma de discussão do papel do alojamentoestudantil enquanto força motriz da coesão urbana e como laboratório de estudos de reabilitação do património edificado da área central da cidade de Coimbra.Por um lado, procurou-se problematizar a arquitetura dasrepúblicas com o objectivo de produzir uma reflexão sobre o espaço de habitar do estudante. Por outro lado, pretendeu-se discutir o seu papel na transformação do espaço público através das dinâmicas geradas pela presença de estudantes no centro da cidade.
Editorial
Authors: Rabaça Armando , Martins Carlos
Published: April 2020

Editorial
History of Portuguese Architecture
Authors: Lobo Rui , Santos Cátia
Published: April 2020

The subject of History of Portuguese Architecture (HAP) originated in the School of Fine Arts of Oporto, more than three decades ago, under mastership of the Professor and Architect Alexandre Alves Costa.At the Architecture Course of FCTUC – Faculty of Sciences andTechnology of the University of Coimbra, HAP has been present from the very beginning. It started in 1992-93, as a subject of the 5th year, under the same Alexandre Alves Costa, then member of the Installing Commission of the course. Other professors who have ensured the subject in the last decade were Walter Rossa and the late Paulo Varela Gomes in addition to Rui Lobo, lecturer for the past five years.History of Portuguese Architecture, which now operates withinthe 4th year of the Architecture Course, has always had an essential practical component. By carrying out practical group work on concrete case studies, students are expected to learn how to investigate, how to search for and collect information and how to distinguish the various "life phases” of architectural objects, from their original structure to what still stands today. It is also intended that students learn to use contemporary means to rehearse and to display the research, lacing hypotheses and illustrating more or less plausible stages of the evolution of the studied objects in time.The themes are chosen by the groups (formed by 4 to 6 students)from an extended list previously proposed by the teachers. The study cases concern mainly Coimbra and Portugal’s central region, for obvious reasons of proximity, although cases are often proposed (and accepted by the students) in other areas of the country.
Editorial: The European City as a Place of Coexistence
Authors: Bandeirinha José António , Correia Luís Miguel , Mota Nelson
Published: April 2020

The European urban institutions have always negotiated a balance between collective control and individual initiative. However, over the last seven decades this balance has been challenged. In the aftermath of World War II, the utopia of the functional city was hijacked to serve the welfare policies of the states sponsored by the Marshall Plan. Both in urban extension as in urban renewal, technocratic planning approaches were encouraged to back up a political program of de-urbanization inspired by the nemesis of the European city, the American suburbia. Eventually, in the 1980s, the paradigm of the state as provider shifted to the paradigm of the state as enabler. The European city became nothing but a commodity where the state performs as facilitator for the consolidation of the hegemony of the markets. Against this background, the articles published in this issue of Joelho offer critical contributions to understand the production and reproduction of approaches to the (re-) definition of the identity of the European city. With insightful approaches springing from different intellectual perspectives, they expand the debate on one of the fundamental achievements of Western civilization: the European city as a place of coexistence.
Democracia, Desenvolvimento, Desigualdade: Introdução
Authors: Reis José , Teixeira Paulino
Published: April 2020

Os textos publicados neste número de Notas Económicas resultam de comunicações apresentadas ao 2.º Encontro Anual de Economia Política que teve lugar na Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra a 1 e 2 de fevereiro de 2019, o ano em que se assinalou o 45.º aniversário do 25 de Abril. Colocou‑se no centro do debate dois dos três D’s originais – democracia e desenvolvimento – e um novo D que está eventualmente em contradição com estes – a desigualdade.
Écologie et Libération. Critique de la modernité dans la théologie de la libération - L. M. Andrade, 2016.
Authors: Perrier Lenita
Published: April 2020

Recensé : Luis Martínez Andrade, Écologie et Libération. Critique de la modernité dans la théologie de la libération, Paris, Van Dieren Éditeur, 2016, 320 p.
La part artistique de l’habiter. Perspectives contemporaines - O. Lazzarotti, G. Mercier, S. Pacquet (dir.), 2017.
Authors: Désert Julie
Published: April 2020

Recensé : Olivier Lazzarotti, Guy Mercier, Suzanne Paquet (dir.), La part artistique de l’habiter. Perspectives contemporaines, Paris, L’Harmattan, 2017 (« Collection Géographies et Cultures »), 250 p.
Darle cuerpo a lo no patológico: estigmas de degeneración atribuidos a la locura en Colombia, finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX1
Authors: Gutiérrez Avendaño Jairo
Published: April 2020

El artículo presenta un seguimiento de los estigmas de degeneración atribuidos a la locura en Colombia, en casos representativos de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX. El artículo se desarrolla a partir de la consulta de documentos de medicina psiquiátrica en Colombia, así como en estudios significativos sobre el tema.
Validación de la variedad de frijol Negro Comapa en ambientes tropicales del estado de Veracruz
Authors: Tosquy Valle Oscar Hugo , López Salinas Ernesto , Esqueda Esquivel Valentín Alberto , Rodríguez Rodríguez José Raúl , Acosta Gallegos Jorge Alberto
Published: April 2020

En el estado de Veracruz, el rendimiento promedio de frijol es menor a 700 kg ha-1 debido a la siembra de materiales de bajo rendimiento y susceptibles a sequía y enfermedades. Las variedades mejoradas podrían ayudar a revertir esta situación. Por este motivo, de 2011 a 2013 se validó la variedad de frijol Negro Comapa en 11 ambientes de Veracruz, México, con objeto de verificar su productividad y determinar su estabilidad en parcelas de entre 1500 m2 y 2000 m2. En ocho ambientes, las parcelas se condujeron en condiciones de humedad residual y, en tres, bajo temporal. Para determinar el rendimiento de grano, en cada genotipo se realizaron cuatro muestreos de 6 m2 cada uno. Negro Comapa superó en 22% y 39% el rendimiento de Negro Jamapa y Negro Michigan en humedad residual y en 43% y 45% bajo temporal, respectivamente. Su rendimiento promedio fue de 1261 kg ha-1, significativamente superior al de los dos testigos. Negro Comapa mostró alta productividad, resistencia a enfermedades y buena respuesta en el rendimiento en ambientes favorables.
Elementos causales en la epidemia de padecimientos renales en Sonora
Authors: Manzanares Rivera José Luis
Published: April 2020

Considerando los elementos causales de las condiciones de salud de la población, se analiza la presencia de los padecimientos renales crónicos (PRC) en el estado de Sonora en el periodo 1998-2015. La metodología se basa en un análisis exploratorio para datos de corte trasversal y series de tiempo a partir de microdatos sobre mortalidad y egresos hospitalarios en la última década. Los resultados sugieren la presencia de elementos causales de índole ambiental en la población de estudio y permiten identificar un área de oportunidad para el diseño de políticas públicas preventivas.
Aging But Not Age-Related Hearing Loss Dominates the Decrease of Parvalbumin Immunoreactivity in the Primary Auditory Cortex of Mice
Authors: Rogalla Meike M. , Hildebrandt K. Jannis
Published: April 2020

Alterations in inhibitory circuits of the primary auditory cortex (pAC) have been shown to be an aspect of aging and age-related hearing loss (AHL). Several studies reported a decline in parvalbumin (PV) immunoreactivity in aged rodent pAC of animals displaying AHL and conclude a relationship between reduced sensitivity and declined PV immunoreactivity. However, it remains elusive whether AHL or a general molecular aging is causative for decreased PV immunoreactivity. In this study, we aimed to disentangle the effects of AHL and general aging on PV immunoreactivity patterns in inhibitory interneurons of mouse pAC. We compared young and old animals of a mouse line with AHL (C57BL/6) and a mutant (C57B6.CAST-Cdh23Ahl+) that is not vulnerable to AHL according to their hearing status by measuring auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and by an immunohistochemical evaluation of the PV immunoreactivity patterns in two dimensions (rostro-caudal and layer) in the pAC. Although AHL could be confirmed by ABR measurements for the C57BL/6 mice, both aged strains showed a similar reduction of PV+positive interneurons in both, number and density. The pattern of reduction across the rostro-caudal axis and across cortical layers was similar for both aged lines. Our results demonstrate that a reduced PV immunoreactivity is a sign of general, molecular aging and not related to AHL.
Multi-scale observations of the co-evolution of sea ice thermophysical properties and microwave brightness temperatures during the summer melt period in Hudson Bay
Authors: Harasyn Madison L. , Isleifson Dustin , Chan Wayne , Barber David G.
Published: April 2020

Monitoring the trend of sea ice breakup and formation in Hudson Bay is vital for maritime operations, such as local hunting or shipping, particularly in response to the lengthening of the ice-free period in the Bay driven by climate change. Satellite passive microwave sea ice concentration products are commonly used for large-scale sea ice monitoring and predictive modelling; however, these product algorithms are known to underperform during the summer melt period due to the changes in sea ice thermophysical properties. This study investigates the evolution of in situ and satellite-retrieved brightness temperature (TB) throughout the melt season using a combination of in situ passive microwave measurements, thermophysical sampling, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys, and satellite-retrieved TB. In situ data revealed a strong positive correlation between the presence of liquid water in the snow matrix and in situ TB in the 37 and 89 GHz frequencies. When considering TB ratios utilized by popular sea ice concentration algorithms (e.g., NASA Team 2), liquid water presence in the snow matrix was shown to increase the in situ TB gradient ratio of 37/19V. In situ gradient ratios of 89/19V and 89/19H were shown to correlate positively with UAV-derived melt pond coverage across the ice surface. Multi-scale comparison between in situ TB measurements and satellite-retrieved TB (by Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2) showed a distinct pattern of passive microwave TB signature at different stages of melt, confirmed by data from in situ thermophysical measurements. This pattern allowed for both in situ and satellite-retrieved TB to be partitioned into three discrete stages of sea ice melt: late spring, early melt and advanced melt. The results of this study thus advance the goal of achieving more accurate modeled predictions of the sea ice cover during the critical navigation and breakup period in Hudson Bay.
Exploring Secondary School Biology Teachers’ Competency in Practical Work
Authors: Fadzil H. M. , Saat R. M.
Published: April 2020

A competent biology educator should be efficient in the design, organizing, and execution of practical work and the evaluation of practical skills. Nevertheless, according to past research, the participation of students in conducting experiments is inadequate, and the teachers are not guiding them effectively. One of the issues that could lead to this problem is the lack of efficiency of the teacher to carry out practical work. To gauge this problem, a qualitative study has been conducted. The study involves eight biology teachers from eight secondary schools in two states in Malaysia, namely Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. Data were collected through observation at biology laboratory, interviews with biology teachers, and analysis of related documents such as lesson plans. Collected data were analyzed using constant comparative data analysis methods to explain the core phenomenon of this study. Three (3) themes emerged in this study: (i) difficulty in designing and planning practical lessons effectively, (ii) insufficient preparation before conducting practical lessons and (iii) improper evaluation of students’ achievement in biology practical lessons. The results of this study offer information on the competence of biology teachers, which can be used to enhance the quality and standards of biology teaching and learning.
Students Critical Thinking Development in National Sciences and Mathematics Competition in Indonesia: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Wahidin D. , Romli L. A.M.
Published: April 2020

This study aimed to describe the development of students’ critical thinking through their participation in the National Sciences and Mathematic Competition in Indonesia, known as Olimpiade Nasional Matematika dan IPA (ONMIPA). Furthermore, this study investigated the response of the participants towards the administration of ONMIPA in various aspects and also examined support given by the institution to their students related to ONMIPA administration. A qualitative approach implemented to answer the research questions. The instruments used to collect the data were observations list, questionnaire, and interview. The respondents of this study were 54 ONMIPA participants and ten ONMIPA 2019. The study revealed that The National Mathematics and Natural Sciences Olympiad or ONMIPA had excellent potential to develop students’ critical thinking skills. The data showed that participants’ responses to the administration of ONMIPA were very positive. Besides, the result revealed that Higher education institutions provided support to participants and the administration of ONMIPA. The support was generally excellent and provided in various forms.
Tricuspid Regurgitation in Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defects: Repair or Not?
Authors: Prasanna Kumar Chirag Sumithra , Radhakrishnan Bineesh K , Sudevan Remya , Karunakaran Jayakumar
Published: April 2020

Background: Longstanding ostium secundum atrial septal defects lead to functional tricuspid regurgitation. Significant functional tricuspid regurgitation associated with left heart valve disease is addressed at the time of primary left heart valve surgery. In contrast, there is no global recommendation for tricuspid regurgitation associated with atrial septal defects. This study assesses changes in tricuspid regurgitation after isolated atrial septal defect closure.
Methods: Retrospectively, records were examined of 100 patients who underwent isolated ostium secundum atrial septal defect closure without tricuspid valve repair. Echocardiograms were done preoperatively and 3 days, 3 months, and 1 year after surgery. Data on tricuspid regurgitation status, right ventricle dimensions, and pulmonary artery hypertension status were collected and analyzed.
Results: After surgical closure, echocardiography showed a regression of tricuspid regurgitation to mild or less in 76% of patients at 3 days, 89% at 3 months, and 93% at 1 year. Severe pulmonary artery hypertension (32% patients preoperatively) showed statistically significant regression: 14% at 3 days, 10% at 3 months, and 2% at 1 year. Preoperatively, the mean right ventricular internal diameter was 37.9 mm, which decreased to 34 ± 5.5 mm (mean ± standard deviation) at 3 days, 32.3 ± 5.3 mm at 3 months, and 31.3 ± 5.4 mm at 1 year. It was also noted that regression favored patients who were <25 years old.
Conclusion: Tricuspid valve repair may not be required in patients with ostium secundum atrial septal defect with functional tricuspid regurgitation.