bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Standard and Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Thakur Deepak Kumar
Published: May 2018

Introduction PCNL is a minimally invasive technique for treatment of renal and upper ureteral stones and has gone modiﬁcations like tubeless, total tubeless, mini and ultra mini PCNL.Objective To compare eﬃcacy, safety and outcome of tubeless PCNL with standard PCNL.Methodology The study was conducted from January 2017 to December 2017 involving 50 patients undergoing PCNL randomized into standard PCNL group (S group) and tubeless PCNL group (T group) each arm containing 25 patients. Patients with congenital renal anomalies, solitary functioning kidney, previous renal surgery, clinically signiﬁcant residual stones/fragments, perforation of pelvi-calyceal system and requiring conversion were excluded. Data analyzed using SPSS 20, chi-square test and Student's t test was used where appropriate. A p-value of <0.05 was considered signiﬁcant.Results Mean age, mean stone size, preoperative hemoglobin level and creatinine level in group S and T were comparable. Similarly postoperative hemoglobin level and creatinine level in groups S and T were comparable. The mean operating time in group S was 99.38± 16.24min and 89.38 ± 12.27min in group T ( p=0.02). Postoperatively, VAS in group S was 5.25± 0.94 and 2.88± 1.68 in group T ( p<0.001). Complication occurred in 9 patients in S group as postoperative anemia (hemoglobin <10gram/dl)-3 cases, superﬁcial surgical site infecon-4 and urine leak-2 while it was seen in 3 patients in T group as stoma site hematoma-2 and anemia-1 (p= 0.04). Three patients in group S and 1 patient in group T respectively required transfusion (p= 0.82). Postoperative analgesic requirement in S and T groups were 13.08± 2.39 and 9.03± 2.44 grams of paracetamol respectively ( p<0.001). The hospital stay was 3.79± 0.58 days in S group and 2.54 ± 0.50 days in T group (p<0.001).Conclusion Tubeless PCNL is a safe option in selected cases. It is associated with signiﬁcantly less postoperative pain, analgesic requirement, postoperative complication and shorter duration of hospital stay minimizing treatment cost.BJHS 2018;3(1)5 : 366 - 369
Clinical and Bacteriological Profile of Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis Admitted in NICU of Tertiary Hospital in Biratnagar
Authors: Giri Arun , Sah Vijay Kumar , Poudel Bikash Sharma , Niraula Niraj , Sedai Raju
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries. The clinical signs and symptoms of neonatal sepsis are non specific and blood culture report is considered gold standard for confirmation of neonatal sepsis. Organisms and their sensitivity pattern vary from place to place. The confirmation of diagnosis and management of neonatal sepsis is challenging and time consuming.Objective: The aim of this study was to find incidence of blood culture proven sepsis in suspected early onset neonatal sepsis, find out sensitivity pattern of isolated organism and to find association of risk factors and clinical signs and symptoms with blood culture proven sepsis.Methodology: Prospective study was conducted in Nobel Medical College, Biratnagar from November 2016 to November 2017. Sample size was calculated to be 300 and blood culture was sent of each neonates admitted with suspected early onset neonatal sepsis before giving neonates with first dose of antibiotics and report of 72 hours was taken into consideration.Results: Out of 300 cases of suspected early onset neonatal sepsis 70.3% presented with lethargy, followed by other symptoms like poor feeding, respiratory distress, fever, hypothermia, feeding intolerance, abnormal body movement and abdominal distension. Low birth weight neonates, preterm neonates, prolonged duration of per vaginal leaking and low platelets count were significantly associated with blood culture proven sepsis in this study. Incidence of blood culture positive sepsis in suspected early onset neonatal sepsis was 27%. Coagulase negative Staphylococcus aureus(21%) was predominant organism isolated followed by Klebsiella Pneumonia, Pseudomonas, Escherichia coli. All of the isolated Klebsiella and Pseudomonas and 86% of Escherichia coli were found to be resistant to ampicillin. All isolated Coagulase negative Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to vancomycin.Conclusion: Coagulase negative Staphyloccus aureus was predominant organism detected but majority of organisms were gram negative organisms. High resistance to ampicillin was found and cefotaxime was also less sensitive to isolated organism. Vancomycin was found to be sensitive to all isolated Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative Staphylococcus aureus. Amikacin was highly sensitive among causative organisms isolated. BJHS 2018;3(1)5 : 370-376
Outcome of Type 1 Tympanoplasty with and without the use of Topical Nasal Steroid: A Comparative Study from Eastern Nepal
Authors: Shah Rajeev Kumar , Shrestha Karuna , Sapkota Shrijana , Giri Sandarva
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is the infection of the middle ear cleft. It is an important cause of preventable hearing loss.Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to compare the surgery outcome in terms of graft uptake described as intact tympanic membrane or residual perforation of tympanic membrane in patients with use of levocetirizine tablet 5 milligram only and levocetirizine tablet 5 milligram with topical fluticasone 100 microgram nasal steroid spray. This study is also aimed to determine the hearing status before and after the surgery and to find out its association with graft intake.Methodology: This prospective cross sectional study was conducted on patients diagnosed with chronic suppurative otitis media with medium to large central perforation of tympanic membrane in Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital during the period from 14 April 2015 to 13 April 2017. All the patients underwent type 1 tympanoplasty with placement of temporalis fascia under general anesthesia. After surgery, two equal groups were created with 40 patients in each group. One group received antibiotics, levocetirizine tablet and another group received antibiotics, levocetirizine tablets along with topical intranasal steroid spray from 1 post operative day till 6 wks. All the patients were followed up on the 5th day, 7th day and 42nd day. On 42nd day, status of tympanic membrane graft, post operative hearing assessment was done and compared between the two groups. Data were entered and analysed using Statistical Package For Social Sciences (SPSS) v21.Result: There were 40 patients who received levocetirizine only starting from the first post operative day and 39 patients received levocetirizine and topical nasal steroid spray. Patients with intact tympanic membrane following surgery were 88.6% and remaining had residual perforation of tympanic membrane. Of the study participants 87.3 % had improvement during post operative hearing assessment. 92.3% of the patients receiving levocetirizine and topical nasal steroid post surgery had intact tympanic membrane on otoscopic examination and there was a significant association with p value of 0.04Conclusion: Combination therapy with topical intranasal steroid spray, antihistaminics and antibiotics is beneficial compared to antibiotics and antihistaminics in type 1 tympanoplasty in terms of graft intake and improvement in hearing. BJHS 2018;3(1)5 : 377-380
Vitamin D Status Among Children aged 2 months to 13 years-a Hospital Based Study
Authors: Rimal Hem Sagar , Walavalkar Shripad J
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Vitamin D is an important micronutrient having crucial role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis but there is emerging evidence to suggest its role in prevention of infectious, inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. The vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency is a widely recognized problem among children in developed as well as developing countries.Objective: To find out the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency among children aged 2 months to 13 yrs and its correlation with serum calcium, phosphate and demographic factors.Methodology: Prospective, cross sectional, hospital based study conducted at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital for a period of one year among children presented to pediatric OPD in whom pediatrician had a suspicion of Vitamin D Insufficiency /Deficiency. Venous blood Samples were taken for the estimation of 25(OH) Vitamin D, Calcium and Phosphate. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 16. Results Among 174 children aged 2 months to 13 years, the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency at the cutoff of <30ng/ml was 82.75% where as no cases of vitamin D deficiency was noted at cut off level of < 10 ng/ml. Children residing in urban area, samples taken in the winter season had higher prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (p value <0.05). Serum calcium and phosphate level were found positively correlated with Vitamin D level (p<.05). However the relationship was very strong between Vitamin D and Calcium (r=0.402, p-value <0.001) and weak positive correlation was noted with phosphate(r=0.155, p value <0.05).Conclusion: There is very high prevalence of Vitamin D insufficiency among children. The vitamin D insufficiency was significantly higher in winter season as compared to summer. Children living in the urban area are more prone to Vitamin D insufficiency. Moderately strong positive correlation was observed between Vitamin D level and calcium but weak correlation existed with phosphate. BJHS 2018;3(1)5 : 381-384
Relationship Between Prosthodontic Treatment and Nutritional Status: A Review
Authors: Basnet Bishal Babu , Limbu Indra Kumar , Alhajj Mohammed Nasser , Rokaya Dinesh
Published: May 2018

Pertinent literature search about changes or eﬀects of prosthodontic treatment on nutritional status was performed. The articles were electronically and hand searched in all available journals including research works, reviews, randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews. The information were obtained to answer the question whether denture therapy has a role in altering nutritional intake or not. Most articles agreed that the risk of malnutrition is elevated by being edentulous. However, there were contrasting results about improvement of nutrition by providing prosthodontic treatment. Thus, many authors have emphasized the role of nutritional counseling along with denture therapy for the beneﬁts of geriatric patients who undergo the inevitable process of being edentulous.BJHS 2018;3(1)5 : 385 - 389
Generalized Mosaic Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Parajuli Niraj , Kayastha Bhaskar MM , Shrestha Rushma , Karki Anupama , Lama Laila
Published: May 2018

Neurofibromatosis (NF) consists of group of genetically inherited disorders all of which is characterized by occurrence of nerve sheath tumors. There are eight different subtypes of neurofibromatosis. Segmental NF, a rare mosaic pattern of NF- type1 (NF1) is diagnosed in individuals who have typical features of NF1 restricted to one part of the body and whose parents are both unaffected. But recently the nomenclature has been changed to mosaic NF. We report a case of neurofibromatosis following the lines of blaschko. To the best of our knowledge, no such case report has been published till date of generalized mosaic NF following lines of blaschko's bilaterally symmetrically. BJHS 2018;3(1)5 :390-392
Cultivated Colonies: Notes on Queer Nationhood and the Erotic Image
Authors: Waugh Thomas
Published: May 2018

Le concept de nationalité a repait surface dans le discours politique gai, et plus récemment à travers l’appropriation de l’épithète “queer”. Se basant en particulier sur les traditions historiques transnationales des images érotiques en photographie et en cinématographie, qui ont souvent évolué en contra- bande à l’intérieur de l’état nation moderne, ce texte examine la pertinence du concept de nationalité dans l’imaginaire subculturel des collectivités gaies. üeux traditions dans la représentation de ces collectivités sont distinguées, et disséquées: celle de “l’ailleurs”, une sensibilité cosmopolite minori- sante construite sur des dynamiques utopiques de différence, et celle du “partout”, un ordre du jour idéologique de ressemblance universalisante. Quelques réflexions sur le rôle moderne des images érotiques en tant que monnaie nationale de l’économie masculine gaie sont suivies d’analogies par rapport à la problématique de l’expression culturelle canadienne. Si le concept de nation s’avère utile pour comprendre certaines dynamiques collectives de l’imaginaire du désir gai, ce concept demeure plus pertinent dans une acception métaphorique et idéologique que scientifique.
A Critical Systematic Review of Evidence for Cannabinoids in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
Authors: Sankaranarayanan Anoop , Wilding Helen , Neill Erica , Castle David
Published: May 2018

Cannabinoids have an emerging evidence base as an effective treatment option in a number of medical conditions, including anorexia and intractable vomiting. It is well known that patients with schizophrenia are more likely to use cannabis; it has also been argued that this could be a way of self-treating adverse side effects (secondary to antipsychotics) in a group of people with schizophrenia. Therefore, studies have attempted to examine the use of cannabinoids in schizophrenia. Given the recent interest in the use of cannabinoids in general and the ensuing ethical debates, we systematically review the available literature on the use of four cannabinoids, namely delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, dronabinol, rimonabant, and cannabidiol, in the management of schizophrenia. We also offer suggestions for future research in this area.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2018;48(5):214–223.]
Cross-Cultural Differences in Learning Style and Learning Skills
Authors: Yamazaki Yoshitaka , Toyama Michiko , Attrapreyangkul Thitiwat
Published: May 2018

This chapter aimed to understand how learning style and learning skills differ among three countries—Japan, Thailand, and the United States—as viewed through Kolb's experiential learning theory. The study consisted of 300 undergraduates, with 100 freshmen from each country. Results indicated that Japanese students depended the most on a feeling mode rather than a thinking mode, followed by Thai students; Americans, in contrast, strongly preferred to learn from a thinking mode. Of the 12 learning skills analyzed, nine differed by both learning style (converging or diverging) and country, while three were affected only by country. Thais showed the highest level of most learning skills, Americans were in the middle, and Japanese exhibited the lowest level of all 12 skills. A converging learning style influenced learning skill development more than a diverging learning style. This study offers theoretical and practical implications.
Urban and Population Growth
Authors: Sidiropoulos George
Published: May 2018

This study refers to cities of 3,000-10,000 residents and takes account of urban blots of cities according to aerial photos from 1940 until today. The population of each blot is matched with the population censuses every ten years, carried out by the Greek Statistical Authority. This chapter tries to answer the questions if the post-war housing development accompanied equally with the population development researching the similarity areas of the phenomenon, the classification, and the proportion of it in the Greek territory. The study demonstrates that the residential development in postwar Greece is positive fluctuating from minimum positive to extremely high. In contrast, the population in the corresponding urban footprint of the same chronologies seems to be large where there is high residential development but negative where cities presenting intermediate and low indicators.
Coastline Hospitality Industry Performance, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Ferizi Vjosa , Kruja Alba Demneri
Published: May 2018

The hospitality industry is considered as one of the most fascinating industries. The main setting that narrows straight to success is knowing every path it leads to. Aiming to be successful in the market and to stay over other competitors, the owners and the managers of the hotels focus on identifying, creating, or developing competitive advantages. This chapter aims to identify the internal success factors that affect in the enhancement of the performance in the hotelier business. The research is conducted in the coastline of Durres, which is one of the largest cities on the Adriatic Sea. Key internal success factors that are considered with direct impact on the performance were analyzed through the surveys distributed to the owners and managers of the businesses. The findings of this study suggest best practices for the enhancement and sustainability of the highest performance in the hospitality industry.
Descripción anatómica de la colonización de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares en dos leguminosas arbóreas
Authors: Parra-Rivero Solenny M. , Maciel-De Sousa Norberto M. , Sanabria-Chopite María E. , Pineda Juan
Published: May 2018

Introducción: La asociación micorrízica arbuscular es la simbiosis entre un hongo y las raíces de las plantas, la cual contribuye a mantener los ecosistemas de manera sostenible.Objetivos: Describir la colonización de tres hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA) inoculados en dos leguminosas arbóreas y determinar el tipo morfológico de la asociación simbiótica.Materiales y métodos: Las semillas de Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. y Platymiscium diadelphum S. F. Blake se inocularon con tres cepas puras de HMA: Rhizophagus manihotis (R. H. Howeler, Sieverd. & N. C. Schenck) C. Walker & A. Schüßler, Funneliformis mosseae (T. H. Nicolson & Gerd.) C. Walker & A. Schüßler y Scutellospora heterogama (T. H. Nicolson & Gerd.) C. Walker & F. E. Sanders. A los 105 días, las raíces secundarias se muestrearon, clarificaron y tiñeron con fucsina ácida y azul de tripán. Las estructuras fúngicas se observaron en microscopio óptico y se determinó el porcentaje de colonización.Resultados y discusión: La colonización de los HMA fue mayor de 60 %. Se observaron hifas delgadas, transparentes y cenocíticas, así como hifopodios y arbúsculos. En P. dulce, S. heterogama tiende a producir mayor cantidad de arbúsculos. En P. diadelphum, los porcentajes de colonización y estructuras fúngicas de los HMA fueron similares. La asociación morfológica en las dos especies arbóreas fue principalmente de tipo Paris, con presencia ocasional del tipo Arum.Conclusión: Los inóculos de los HMA establecieron alta asociación simbiótica con las leguminosas estudiadas. Las técnicas aplicadas evidenciaron las estructuras de los HMA en el interior de la raíz y permitieron identificar la asociación morfológica de los simbiontes.
Aspergillus niger Tiegh., aislado en Sonora, México: evaluación de tolerancia a metales
Authors: Villalba-Villalba Ana G. , Cruz-Campas Martín E. , Azuara-Gómez Grecia V.
Published: May 2018

Introducción: La contaminación por metales representa un riesgo significativo para los ecosistemas, por tanto, es necesario reducir la biodisponibilidad, movilidad y toxicidad de esos elementos.Objetivo: Aislar un hongo filamentoso con capacidad para tolerar metales.Materiales y métodos: El hongo se aisló a partir de suelo con actividad minera. El índice de tolerancia y la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) del hongo se determinaron a 1, 5, 10, 15 y 20 mM de sales metálicas de Cd, Hg, Pb, Ag, Cu, Zn y Cr.Resultados y discusión: El hongo aislado fue Aspergillus niger. Este tuvo índices de tolerancia promedio de 0.89, 1.03, 1.05, 0.94, 0.88, 0.87 y 1.27 a 1 mM de las sales de Cd, Hg, Pb, Ag, Cu, Zn y Cr, respectivamente, después de siete días de crecimiento a 28 °C. La CMI de A. niger se encontró en un intervalo de 5 a 10 mM de las sales de Hg, Cu y Ag, y 15 a 20 mM de la sal de Cd. Las sales de Pb, Zn y Cr no inhibieron el crecimiento del hongo con la concentración más alta evaluada; es decir, la CMI es mayor de 20 mM.Conclusión: Aspergillus niger tiene potencial para la biorremediación de contaminantes, ya que mostró alta tolerancia a las sales de los metales.
Estructura, bienes y servicios del manglar de Mandinga, Veracruz
Authors: Paniagua-Cano Edwin I. , Granados-Sánchez Diódoro , Granados-Victorino Ro L.
Published: May 2018

Introducción: Los manglares son ecosistemas proveedores de bienes y servicios para las poblaciones que habitan en las costas. Por ello, la permanencia de estos bosques debe asegurarse.Objetivos: Identificar los factores que controlan la distribución y estructura de la vegetación del manglar de la Laguna de Mandinga, Veracruz; el grado de dependencia de los pobladores hacia el ecosistema; y las fuentes de disturbio del hábitat, que evitan la regeneración natural.Materiales y métodos: Se identificaron 156 puntos cuadrantes aleatorios sobre 13 transectos de longitud variable para obtener los valores fisonómicos y el índice de valor de importancia de las especies, así como un perfil fisonómico general de la comunidad. A través de encuestas, los pobladores reconocieron los bienes y servicios y las principales amenazas al ecosistema.Resultados y discusión: Se registraron tres especies de mangles zonificados de acuerdo con un gradiente agua-tierra: Rhizophora mangle L., Avicennia germinans (L.) L. y Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C. F. Gaertn. La especie con mayor valor de importancia fue A. germinans. Los principales factores negativos sobre el manglar son el cambio de uso de suelo, la degradación por descarga de aguas residuales y la contaminación por hidrocarburos y metales pesados.Conclusión: La restauración del manglar de Mandinga debe considerar la formación de islas de manglar; reforestación con base en los requerimientos microclimáticos de cada especie y geomorfología del sitio; y la conservación de la vegetación circundante como la selva mediana subcaducifolia y las dunas costeras.
Crecimiento y supervivencia de una plantación de Pinus greggii Engelm. ex Parl. var. greggii bajo diferentes tratamientos de fertilización
Authors: Vázquez-Cisneros Isaac , Prieto-Ruíz José A. , López-López Miguel A. , Wehenkel Christian A. , Domínguez-Calleros Pedro A. , Muñoz-Sáez Fernando E.
Published: May 2018

Introducción: El sector forestal de México enfrenta problemas de deforestación y de escaso crecimiento productivo. Para activar regiones improductivas, en el estado de Durango se impulsa el establecimiento de plantaciones con Pinus greggii Engelm. ex Parl. var. greggii. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de fertilizantes en el crecimiento, estado nutrimental y supervivencia de brinzales de P. greggii var. greggii.Materiales y métodos: Se evaluaron cinco fertilizantes de liberación lenta y dos de uso agrícola, en dosis de 7 y 14 g por planta, más un testigo (sin fertilizar). Resultados y discusión: Después de 12 meses se encontraron diferencias significativas (P < 0.001) en el volumen y en los incrementos de altura y diámetro, debido al efecto de los fertilizantes. En comparación con el testigo, únicamente los fertilizantes de liberación lenta 12-25-12, 09-23-14 y 18-06-12 de N-P-K produjeron incrementos de altura y diámetro, así como volúmenes de madera, significativamente mayores. En cuanto a la concentración foliar, solo el P mostró diferencias significativas entre tratamientos (P = 0.030). El N y P fueron limitantes, pero la aplicación de K favoreció el crecimiento. Con relación a la supervivencia de brinzales, no se encontraron diferencias significativas atribuibles al fertilizante y sus dosis.Conclusión: La aplicación inicial de fertilizantes de liberación lenta 12-25-12, 09-23-14 y 18-06-12 de N-P-K favorece el crecimiento de los brinzales de P. greggii var. greggii.
Estimación de beneficios económicos por mejoras en los servicios de saneamiento básico mediante experimentos de elección
Authors: Tudela-Mamani Juan Walter , Leos-Rodríguez Juan Antonio
Published: May 2018

Introducción: La gestión de servicios de saneamiento básico en Perú es considerada política pública de alta prioridad.Objetivo: Estimar los beneficios económicos por una mejora en la provisión de servicios de saneamiento básico (agua, alcantarillado y tratamiento de aguas) en Puno, Perú.Materiales y métodos: Los beneficios económicos se estimaron a partir de los datos obtenidos en una encuesta a 392 jefes de familia. Las estimaciones econométricas se hicieron mediante un experimento de elección con modelos logit multinomial y logit mixto. Resultados y discusión: Se estimó una disposición a pagar marginal agregada de 9.95 PEN (3.32 USD) mensuales por vivienda; si se considera el total de hogares favorecidos, dicha cantidad representa una medida de beneficio económico. El atributo tratamiento de aguas residuales es más valorado que los atributos provisión de agua y alcantarillado. Con respecto a los modelos utilizados, el modelo logit mixto-dummy codes presentó mayor consistencia teórica de los resultados.Conclusión: La elección de alternativas de mejora en los servicios de saneamiento básico está fuertemente condicionada por el nivel educativo y el ingreso monetario mensual de los usuarios. Cualquier política orientada a mejorar los servicios de saneamiento básico en la ciudad de Puno debe enfocarse en la solución del tema de tratamiento de aguas residuales.
Propagación vegetativa en campo de Jatropha curcas L. para consumo humano
Authors: Evangelista-Lozano Silvia , Cruz-Castillo Juan Guillermo , Claudia-Serrano Verónica , Jiménez-Aparicio Antonio
Published: May 2018

Introducción: Las semillas de Jatropha curcas L. (piñón o piñoncillo) son utilizadas para la elaboración de platillos regionales. Un método fácil de propagación sería útil para los productores que comercializan o consumen semillas de esta especie.Objetivo: Probar un método de propagación vegetativo de J. curcas, plantada en campo, para consumo humano.Materiales y métodos: La propagación vegetativa se hizo en primavera con estacas de 55 cm de longitud, obtenidas de ramas secundarias y terciarias de árboles de 28 años. Las estacas se plantaron a 3 m de distancia en un suelo franco arcillo arenoso con pH 7.21, y 1.11 % de materia orgánica. El crecimiento se evaluó a los 120 días. Los carbohidratos totales se determinaron por un método colorimétrico, dos meses antes y ocho meses después del establecimiento en campo.Resultados y discusión: Las estacas de ramas secundarias de J. curcas con corteza exfoliante y diámetro de 3.6 a 4.0 cm en la base, al inicio de su propagación, alcanzaron mayor altura, número de ramas y mayor concentración de carbohidratos totales antes y después del establecimiento. Este material vegetativo es el recomendado para la propagación de J. curcas en campo. Las estacas de ramas terciarias con diámetros de 1.6 a 1.9 cm tuvieron mortalidad de 17 %, reducida capacidad para emitir ramas y menor concentración de carbohidratos.Conclusión: La propagación de J. curcas, por estacas, fue exitosa a la intemperie; no fue necesario el uso de invernadero, auxinas para enraizamiento ni bolsas de polietileno, previo al establecimiento.
Preferencias de uso de leña en un paisaje cultural en el sur de México
Authors: Evangelista-Lozano Silvia , López-Martínez Jorge O. , Vargas-Larreta Benedicto , Pat-Fernández Juan M. , Macario-Mendoza Pedro
Published: May 2018

Introducción: La leña es la fuente principal de energía de los países en desarrollo.Objetivo: Se caracterizó la relación entre los habitantes de un paisaje cultural y el consumo de leña, y entre las preferencias de uso y la importancia relativa de las especies.Materiales y métodos: Se realizaron 132 encuestas semiestructuradas en la región de Calakmul, Campeche, México, para analizar el consumo de leña. El índice de valor de importancia (IVI) de las especies aprovechadas en la región se obtuvo en nueve parcelas de 500 m2 , divididas en tres clases de edad sucesional: 7 a 10 años (clase uno), 11 a 20 años (clase dos), mayor de 20 años (clase tres).Resultados y discusión: Se registraron 60 especies utilizadas como leña. No hubo correspondencia entre las especies preferidas y los primeros lugares del IVI. La especie más utilizada como leña fue Haematoxylum campechianum L. La riqueza de especies aumentó (59 a 68) y el número de individuos disminuyó (2 559 a 921) conforme la edad de la vegetación incrementó. La recolección de leña es una estrategia de subsistencia que se concentra en personas mayores; las prácticas tradicionales están en riesgo a mediano plazo.Conclusión: El paisaje cultural y la preservación de los recursos forestales deben atenderse con estrategias de fomento y capacitación sobre el uso de leña como recurso energético.
Efecto de los incendios y la elevación en la regeneración de Pinus hartwegii Lindl. en el noreste de México
Authors: Cortés-Cabrera Héctor E. , Jurado Enrique , Pompa-García Marín , Aguirre-Calderón Oscar A. , Pando-Moreno Marisela , González-Tagle Marco A.
Published: May 2018

Introducción: Los regímenes de incendios y el cambio climático afectan la regeneración de la vegetación y la composición y abundancia de las especies.Objetivos: Comparar la regeneración de P. hartwegii y el número de árboles con cicatrices por fuego a diferentes elevaciones; y determinar si la regeneración está relacionada con la densidad de árboles adultos y con la densidad de pinos con evidencias de incendio.Materiales y métodos: La regeneración de P. hartwegii se investigó en los rangos altitudinales 3 050, 3 225 y 3 400 m en el cerro El Potosí ubicado en el noreste de México. Los individuos adultos fueron muestreados con el método de los cuadrantes centrados en un punto y los individuos jóvenes en parcelas cuadradas.Resultados y discusión: La densidad de los pinos adultos y de las plántulas fue mayor en las elevaciones bajas (3 050 y 3 225 m). La densidad de pinos con cicatrices por fuego fue similar (P > 0.05) en las tres elevaciones. No se detectó correlación entre la regeneración y el número de pinos con cicatrices por fuego, pero sí hubo correlación positiva entre la densidad de plántulas y la de pinos adultos.Conclusión: La altitud influye en la regeneración y densidad de adultos de P. hartwegii. Su regeneración no está relacionada con evidencias de incendio.
Precisión de los sensores remotos para la estimación de parámetros de biomasa aérea: LIDAR portátil y sensores ópticos
Authors: Huerta-García Roberto E. , Ramírez-Serrato Nelly L. , Yépez-Rincón Fabiola D. , Lozano-García Diego F.
Published: May 2018

Introducción: La estimación de biomasa aérea mediante el método tradicional forestal es laboriosa, costosa y demanda tiempo. Una alternativa para resolver esta problemática es el uso de la teledetección.Objetivo: Evaluar la precisión de la tecnología LIDAR portátil y la fotogrametría (fotorreconstrucción) en la generación de nubes de puntos para la estimación de biomasa aérea.Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron 26 árboles del género Quercus L. de un bosque urbano en el sur de Monterrey, México. El diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP), altura total y diámetro de copa se obtuvieron con seis métodos: 1) tradicional forestal, 2) LIDAR portátil a nivel de suelo, 3) fotorreconstrucción (FR) de color normal a nivel de suelo, 4) FR de color infrarrojo a nivel de suelo, 5) FR de fotografía aérea de color normal y 6) FR de fotografía aérea de color infrarrojo. La biomasa aérea se calculó y la precisión de cada método se evaluó tomando como referencia el tradicional forestal.Resultados y discusión: LIDAR portátil ofrece información más precisa para estimar la biomasa aérea (R2 = 0.945), seguido por la FR de color normal a nivel de suelo (R2 = 0.824), cuando se comparan con la obtenida por el método tradicional forestal. La FR de fotografía aérea de color normal mostró los resultados más pobres (R2 = 0.653), debido a la imposibilidad de medir el DAP. La toma de datos con los sensores fue más rápida (>80 %) con respecto al MTF.Conclusión: Las técnicas de teledetección tienen potencial para la obtención de parámetros forestales en proyectos de gran escala.
Una metodología para la caracterización del uso del suelo mediante imágenes de media resolución espacial
Authors: Guevara-Ochoa Cristian , Lara Bruno , Vives Luis , Zimmermann Erik , Gandini Marcelo
Published: May 2018

Introducción: La caracterización de los usos del suelo representa uno de los insumos indispensables para el manejo de los recursos naturales a diferentes escalas.Objetivo: Desarrollar una metodología para caracterizar el uso del suelo en la cuenca superior del arroyo del Azul (Buenos Aires, Argentina), a través de la fusión de imágenes satelitales de media resolución espacial.Materiales y métodos: Se utilizó una serie temporal de 23 imágenes del índice de vegetación de diferencia normalizada (NDVI, por sus siglas en inglés) del satélite MODIS-Terra (producto MOD13Q1) para el periodo mayo 2015 - mayo 2016. Además, se emplearon imágenes Landsat 8 para discriminar algunas categorías difíciles de clasificar con NDVI-MODIS. El mapa final de coberturas se validó considerando puntos de verificación independientes al proceso de clasificación; su precisión se evaluó a través del estadístico Kappa.Resultados y discusión: La serie temporal de NDVI permitió reconocer los patrones fenológicos de las coberturas y usos del suelo de mayor representatividad en la región. Se discriminaron siete coberturas; los usos agrícolas representaron 81.5 % de la superficie, siendo el sistema de doble cultivo trigo-soya (soja en Argentina) el predominante (39.4 %). La precisión global del mapa final fue alta (88.9 %, coeficiente Kappa = 0.86).Conclusión: La metodología empleada tiene la ventaja de ser rápida y replicable, para caracterizar los usos del suelo de una región determinada y evaluar sus cambios potenciales a lo largo del tiempo.
Impact of Fermented Liquid Potato Hash Diets on Growth Performance of Grower Pigs
Authors: Thomas Sylvester , Kanengoni Arnold Tapera , Chimonyo Michael
Published: May 2018

The study aimed to evaluate growth performance of grower pigs fed fermented liquid potato hash with or without exogenous enzyme. Diets containing either 200 (LFLPH) g/kg potato hash (enzyme treated or not); 400 (HFLPH) g/kg potato hash (enzyme treated or not) or no fermented potato hash (control) were formulated to provide 14 MJ/kg digestible energy (DE), 180 g/kg crude protein (CP) and 11.6 g/kg lysine. Dietary treatments were control (no FLPH), enzyme treated LFPHE and HFLPHE, and untreated LFLPH and HFLPH. The exogenous enzyme was added in treated diets to provide minimum of 560-840 TXU/TDU xylanase per kg feed, at an inclusion rate of 100 g/tonne. Diets were mixed with water at 1:2 ration and fermented for 8 hours at 25 °C room temperature before being fed to pigs. Back-slopping fermentation approach was followed to prepare diets. Twelve pigs (25±2.3 kg) per diet that were individually housed were fed ad-lib for eight weeks. Pigs were allocated to diets in complete randomized design. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. The enzyme treated FLPH diets had higher (P < 0.05) CP, lower (P > 0.05) NDF and ADF concentrations compared to untreated FLPH diets. The LFPHE diet had higher (P < 0.001) final weight, ADG and lower (P < 0.001) ADFI and FCR compared to LFPH, HLFPH and HLFPHE. It was concluded that LFPHE diet may be an alternative feed source for growing pigs as indicated by higher gain and lower intake compared to LFLPH, HFLPH and HFLPHE.
Effects of Management Practices and Land Use on Biological and Enzymatic Attributes of an Agricultural Area
Authors: Barros Luciana S. , Melo Valdinar F. , Senwo Zachary N. , Evald Ariane , Siqueira Raphael Henrique S. , Bardales Ricardo Manuel , Nunes Taline Katle de Oliveiras
Published: May 2018

A series of anthropogenic approaches, including burning practices and soil disturbances as soil cover removal, plowing and harrowing were experimentally undertaken to mimic land conversion for agricultural production in northern Amazonia. These manipulations led to changes in soil biological and biochemical properties. To reduce knowledge gaps concerning land conversion in the Amazon, the study objective was to evaluate the influence of land use and management practices on the biological attributes and enzymatic activity of the soil in Tepequem, a settlement in north of the Amazon, Brazil. Tepequem was chosen for being highly representative in terms of land use and management patterns in the region. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC), soil basal respiration (SBR), metabolic quotient (qCO2) and enzymatic activity were analyzed. Land use changes resulted in alterations to soil quality. The spontaneous plants found on degraded pasture ensured system diversification, protection and organic contribution, facilitating resumption of ecological balancing of the soil. Good soil quality in managed pasture was attributed to the maintenance of soil cover, provided by grasses, and the absence of soil rotation. Burning, soil disturbances and lack of cover negatively influenced the biological and enzymatic activity in sites that were preparation, deforested and burnt. Chemical attributes are significant factors influencing soil quality and health at subsistance plantation. MBC, qMIC and qCO2, acid phosphatase, Beta-glucosidase and urease were the most sensitive parameters of differentiation of sites in preparation from those of native vegetation and pastures.
Growth Promotion of Burkholderia ambifaria Associated to Nitrogen Fertilization in the Initial Development of Corn
Authors: Brito Tauane Santos , Pan Renan , Buss Lenir Aparecida , Carvalho João Paulo Fonesi de , Eberling Tatiane , Martinez Alexandra Da Silva , Guimarães Vandeir Francisco , Dall'Oglio Chaves Elisiane Inês
Published: May 2018

Growth promoting bacteria are a potential option for sustainable cultivation with lower costs, among them Burkholderia ambifaria, whose importance is mainly due to the endophytic root colonization capacity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the inoculation of growth promoting bacteria in corn plants, in vitro and in greenhouse, with different levels of nitrogen fertilization. The PIONEER® 30F53 YH maize genotype was inoculated with Burkholderia ambifaria, with 106 CFU per seed, in 12-liter polyethylene pots, filled with commercial substrate, prepared with the different nitrogen contents (N), resulting in treatments with different doses of fertilization, associated or not with bacterial inoculation. After 30 and 45 days, it was evaluated: growth promotion, epiphytic and endophytic population and nitrogen accumulation. In the in vitro experiment, inoculated seeds were cultured in test tubes containing culture medium with absence and presence of nitrogen, evaluated after 7 days. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% of probability and regression. Increased nitrogen doses in inoculated plants resulted in better morphological parameters at 45 days. In vitro bacterial inoculation, in vitro, influenced the accumulation of fresh weight of shoot, root growth and development of root hair. The endophytic potential and the accumulation of nitrogen were higher in the absence of nitrogen, but lower than the absence of bacteria and the presence of nitrogen.
Soil Nutrient Status and Cowpea Biological Nitrogen Fixation in a Maize-Cowpea Rotation Under Conservation Farming
Authors: Sichone Richard , Mweetwa Alice M.
Published: May 2018

This paper reports the impacts of a four-year maize-cowpea rotation under conservation farming on selected soil chemical, physical and biological properties with or without 100 kg/ha of Nitrogen: Phosphorus: Potassium: Sulphur (10:20:10:65) compound fertilizer. The study took advantage of an already established 4-year maize-cowpea rotation site and a maize monocrop field from which soil samples were collected for selected chemical, physical and biological analyses, and for setting up a greenhouse experiment for the determination of biological nitrogen fixation capabilities of cowpea. The results suggest that maize-cowpea rotations and addition of fertilizer influence particular chemical, physical and biological attributes of the soil in a varied manner. Rotating maize and cowpea has no influence on soil reaction, soil organic carbon, micronutrients, and exchangeable bases except for potassium. However, the addition of fertilizer to the maize-cowpea rotation reduces total nitrogen, while increasing the levels of sulphur and phosphorus in both the rotation and maize monocrop. Soil bulk density, total porosity and infiltration rate are not influenced by the maize-cowpea rotation with or without fertilizer amendment. Rotating maize with cowpea without the addition of fertilizer can result in an increase in plant available water, an observation needing further study. It can also be concluded that maize-cowpea rotations can reduce microbial biomass, regardless of fertilizer amendment, thus suggesting a need to understand maize and cowpea rhizopheric attributes affecting microbial biomass levels. Under the current conditions, the amount of biologically fixed nitrogen by cowpea is reduced by the application of fertilizer but not influenced by the rotation. Since these findings are based on four-year crop rotation, it is being recommended that further work be conducted to continue monitoring soil so as to factor in the effect of length of time.
Yield of Pennisetum glaucum L. Under Phosphate Source Doses
Authors: Melo N. C. , Fernandes A. R. , Galvão J. R. , Alves Filho V. S. , Silva D. R. , Viégas I. M. , Matos G. S. B. , Galate R. S.
Published: May 2018

Phosphorus deficiency has been a limiting factor in crop yields due to the low availability of this nutrient in the soil. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and P concentrations in plant tissue of two cultivars of forage millet grown submitted at doses of phosphorus (P). The experiment was set in greenhouse conditions in a Hapludox. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme, with four replications, where the factors were the control treatment (without fertilization with P) and three levels of P (50, 100 and 200 kg ha-1) as simple superphosphate and two cultivars of pearl millet (BN2 and ADR500). The following were evaluated: plant height, stem diameter, dry matter of the aerial part (DMAP) and roots (DRM), phosphorus content in the leaf, in the stem and in the roots. The interaction between doses of P with the cultivars did not significantly affect the studied variables. Cultivar ADR500 provided greater height, stem diameter and dry matter of the aerial part. The best doses were 166 kg ha-1, 173 kg-1, 203 kg ha-1 and 165 kg of phosphorus ha-1 to height, stem diameter, DMAP, DMR and phosphorus content in the leaf, respectively. The increase of phosphorus rate increased content of P in the dry matter of the stem and roots on evaluated cultivars.
Calcium Nitrate Dose and Application Period in American Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: Benett Cleiton Gredson Sabin , Pereira Alan Kênio dos Santos , Salomão Leandro Caixeta , Benett Katiane Santiago Silva , Arruda Natalia
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield of American lettuce subjected to different dosages of calcium nitrate on two application schedules. The experiment used four replicates of a 2 × 5 factorial randomized complete block design, with two application schedules (Schedule 1: 50% of the dose at transplanting and 50% at 20 days after transplanting; Schedule 2: 50% at 10 days and 50% at 20 days after transplanting) and five doses (0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 kg ha-1). The following variables were evaluated: the number of inner and outer leaves, head height and diameter, head height/diameter ratio, compactness, stem diameter, relative index of chlorophyll, commercial production and nitrogen (N) and calcium (Ca) content in the inner and outer leaf. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (F test, with Tukey test for comparison of the means) for the application schedule and regression analysis for the calcium nitrate dose. The application of calcium nitrate positively influenced the nutritional characteristics of American lettuce in the 2nd schedule and the dose of 470 kg ha-1 presented better production.
Pronitridine Nitrification Inhibitor With Urea Ammonium Nitrate for Corn
Authors: Nelson Kelly A.
Published: May 2018

Nitrification inhibitors have been used to enhance the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers. This research evaluated the effectiveness of nontreated urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) at 0, 67, 135, 202, and 270 kg N ha-1 as well as UAN treated with nitrification inhibitors (pronitridine at 9.4 and 18.8 L ha-1 or nitrapyrin at 0.5 kg a.i. ha-1) to enhance N uptake and increase yield of corn (Zea mays L.). The study took place from 2012-2014 in upstate Missouri on a claypan soil. During the experiments, environmental conditions (high, medium, and low yielding years) affected corn response to pronitridine and nitrapyrin. In general, UAN plus pronitridine at 9.4 L ha-1 had similar effects on corn compared pronitridine at a higher (18.7 L ha-1) rate. During a high-yielding year (2014), in order to produce yields equivalent to 67 kg N ha-1 plus pronitridine at 9.4 L ha-1 or nitrapyrin, UAN needed to be increased 14 to 19%. Similarly, the amount of nontreated UAN needed to be increased 8 to 11% for yields to be equivalent to UAN at 135 kg N ha-1 plus pronitridine at 9.4 L ha-1 or nitrapyrin. Grain N removal and agronomic efficiency was highest with pronitridine at 9.4 L ha-1 and nitrapyrin combined with 67 and 135 kg N ha-1, respectively. This research indicates that pronitridine was as effective as nitrapyrin when added to a pre-emergence application of UAN placed between the rows in a dribble band.
Yield of Soybean in Different Systems of Pasture Replacement With and Without Soil Scarification
Authors: Feba Luanda Torquato , Vicente Elcio Ricardo José de Sousa , Feba Luis Gustavo Torquato , Moro Edemar
Published: May 2018

The objective of this work was to adjust the physical environment in sandy soils in no-tillage, to allow for the better development and yield of soybean, under water deficient conditions. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of The University of Western São Paulo in Presidente Bernardes, SP, 22º28'09'' S, 51º67'48'' W, 400 m asl. The experimental design constitued of two blocks each for the study variable: soil scarification, and no soil scarification. Each block was divided into 4 sub-blocks/treatments (control-natural seed bank of Urochloa brizantha-NSB; Urochloa brizantha broadcast seeding; Urochloa brizantha in line seeding; Urochloa brizantha in line seeding with soybean intercropped) with four replicates. As a plot, four systems of reimplantation of pasture with 4 kg ha-1 of Urochloa brizantha (Marandu cv.). Evaluated parameters: dry matter yield of pasture; yield components and soybean yield. The variables analyzed in each treatment were submitted to analysis of variance (p < 0.05) and as means were compared by the Tukey test (p < 0.05) using the Sisvar software. Considering the results obtained in the following research, it can be concluded that, according to the different pasture reimplatation systems, the treatment (in-line + soybean) contributed both to the increase of the dry matter of fodder, and to a yield of Soybean. Regarding the effect of soil scarification, none of the results were significantly influenced.