bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable composites with self‐healing capability: Epoxidized natural rubber and cellulose propionate reinforced with cellulose fibers
Authors: Utrera‐Barrios S. , Pinho Lopes O. , Mas‐Giner I. , Verdejo R. , López‐Manchado M. A. , Hernández Santana M.
Published: March 2024

Aligned with the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), self‐healing elastomers stand out as a cutting‐edge field in Rubber Science and Technology. These materials have the potential to reduce resource consumption, prolong the lifespan of infrastructure and products, and contribute to the Circular Economy. This study presents the development of bio‐based self‐healing elastomeric composites prepared from blends of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and cellulose propionate (CP) reinforced with cellulose fibers (CFs). The ENR/CP ratio was optimized, with a 70/30 ratio enhancing the tensile strength (TS) of the base rubber and slightly reducing the elongation at break. This blend demonstrated a TS healing efficiency of 75% after a temperature‐driven healing protocol (200 bar at 150°C during 12 h). Then, the CF content was varied to enhance both mechanical performance and self‐healing capabilities. Remarkably, from medium‐high (5 phr to 15 phr) CF content, healing efficiencies higher than 85% were observed with important improvements in the mechanical performance. The self‐healing process was attributed to the synergistic interplay between the polymeric chain mobility and the formation of hydrogen bonds. This innovative approach promises materials with extended lifespans, mechanical robustness, and repairability, underscoring the commitment to SDGs 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15.

Highlights

Matrix of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and cellulose propionate (CP) blends.

Cellulose fibers (CFs) reinforced the ENR/CP 70/30 optimized blend.

CF addition increases tensile strength (TS) by up to 60%.

Healing efficiency over 85% achieved with 5 phr to 15 phr CFs content.

Self‐healing attributed to polymeric chain mobility and hydrogen bonds.
High‐performance wood‐reinforced crosslinked high‐density polyethylene composites
Authors: Ahmad Hibal , Rodrigue Denis
Published: March 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the manufacturing of high‐performance wood‐crosslinked high‐density polyethylene composites (WxHDPEC). In particular, the effect of maleated polyethylene (MAPE) treatment and concentration (0–50 wt%) of maple wood fibers is investigated. The samples were produced via dry‐blending followed by compression molding and a set of characterization was performed including chemical, morphological, mechanical, thermal, and physical properties. The gel content was found to increase with increasing wood fiber content, while the surface modification significantly improved the tensile strength (11%), tensile modulus (298%), flexural strength (138%), and flexural modulus (81%). Thermal analyses also showed improved thermal stability and higher thermal resistance for the treated composites. Finally, the Shore D hardness increased by 11.0 (from 61.5 to 72.5) and 12.1 (from 61.5 to 73.6) points, while the Shore A hardness increased by 7.5 (from 91.5 to 99.0) and 8.1 (from 91.5 to 99.6) points for the untreated and treated composites, respectively. These improvements are attributed to effective adhesion between MAPE‐treated wood fibers and the xHDPE matrix. The findings not only advance our understanding of these complex materials but also provide alternatives for various applications from construction to automotive engineering.

Highlights

High‐performance wood‐reinforced crosslinked high‐density polyethylene was produced.

The effect of maleated polyethylene (MAPE) treatment and maple wood fibers was studied.

Higher crosslink density in MAPE‐treated wood‐xHDPE was obtained.

Wood‐crosslinked high‐density polyethylene composites have better properties.
High strength and anti‐swelling hydrogel strain sensors based on amphiphilic polyurethane assemblies for human‐motion detection
Authors: Lei Lingling , Chen Baocheng , Wang Shiyu , Cheng Xu , Qiu Jinghong , Wang Haibo
Published: March 2024

Hydrogel sensors are widely used in electronic skin, soft robotics, bioengineering, and medical therapy due to their excellent electrical conductivity, mechanical flexibility, and better biocompatibility. However, the swelling property of hydrogels has been hindering their application in underwater scenarios. Therefore, in this study, to address the anti‐swelling behavior of hydrogels, MXene nanosheets were modified by 1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorooctyltrimethoxysilane and then compounded with acrylamide and polyurethane to obtain multifunctional conductive hydrogels (PAM‐WPU/FMX hydrogels). Through the synergistic effect of chemical cross‐linking and hydrogen bonding on the gel network, the hydrogel sensor was characterized by strong resistance to swelling (swelling ratio = 2.22), excellent mechanical properties (strain at break after swelling equilibrium = 418.6%), and high strain sensitivity. For underwater applications, this study offers a model technique for the quick gelation of strong, swelling‐resistant hydrogels.

Highlights

Amphiphilic polyurethane micelles provided energy dissipation.

Modified MXene was hydrophobic and electrically conductive.

The strain of the hydrogel obtained after MXene modification was enhanced.

The structural recovery capacity of both hydrogels was more than 60%.

The modified hydrogel swollen but still had excellent sensing properties.
A comparison of aminoglycoside antibiotic serum concentrations collected by peripheral veins and peripherally inserted central catheters in adults with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Sherwood Sabrina J. , Tak Casey , Bhakta Zubin N. , Packer Kristyn , Jacobs Hollyann , Liou Theodore G. , Young David C.
Published: March 2024

Background

People with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) are frequently hospitalized for treatment of pulmonary exacerbation. The Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Pulmonary Guidelines support the use of intravenous aminoglycosides with therapeutic drug monitoring for the treatment of pulmonary exacerbation due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Serum intravenous tobramycin concentrations are commonly collected by peripheral venipuncture (PV). Discomfort associated with collection of samples by PV prompts collection via PICC, but the accuracy of intravenous tobramycin serum levels collected by PICC has not been documented in adult PwCF. The primary study objective was to evaluate the difference between intravenous tobramycin serum levels collected by PV and PICC in adult PwCF.

Methods

The authors conducted a prospective case‐control study of adult PwCF admitted to University of Utah Health for a pulmonary exacerbation receiving tobramycin by a single lumen PICC. The authors compared tobramycin peak and random serum levels collected by PV and PICC using a detailed flush and waste protocol.

Results

The authors analyzed a total of 19 patients with peripheral and PICC samples. The mean tobramycin peak collected by PV (27.2 mcg/mL) was similar to the mean peak collected by PICC (26.9 mcg/mL) (paired samples Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, p = .94). The correlation coefficient was 0.88 (95% CI = 0.85–0.91, p < .001).

Conclusion

Tobramycin serum samples collected by PICC appear to be similar in value to PV collections. Collecting aminoglycoside levels by PICC rather than PV may reduce patient discomfort and improve quality of life. Additional multicenter studies are needed to confirm these results.
Cell surface β‐lactamase recruitment: A facile selection to identify protein–protein interactions
Authors: Hinmon Jordan A. , King Jade M. , Mayo Latrina J. , Faries Cierra R. , Lockett Ya'hnis T. , Crawford David W. , Beardslee Patrick C. , Hendricks Alexander , McNaughton Brian R.
Published: March 2024

Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are central to many cellular processes, and the identification of novel PPIs is a critical step in the discovery of protein therapeutics. Simple methods to identify naturally existing or laboratory evolved PPIs are therefore valuable research tools. We have developed a facile selection that links PPI‐dependent β‐lactamase recruitment on the surface of Escherichia coli with resistance to ampicillin. Bacteria displaying a protein that forms a complex with a specific protein‐β‐lactamase fusion are protected from ampicillin‐dependent cell death. In contrast, bacteria that do not recruit β‐lactamase to the cell surface are killed by ampicillin. Given its simplicity and tunability, we anticipate this selection will be a valuable addition to the palette of methods for illuminating and interrogating PPIs.
Ca2+/CaM dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)α and CaMKIIβ hub domains adopt distinct oligomeric states and stabilities
Authors: Özden Can , MacManus Sara , Adafia Ruth , Samkutty Alfred , Torres‐Ocampo Ana P. , Garman Scott C. , Stratton Margaret M.
Published: March 2024

Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a multidomain serine/threonine kinase that plays important roles in the brain, heart, muscle tissue, and eggs/sperm. The N‐terminal kinase and regulatory domain is connected by a flexible linker to the C‐terminal hub domain. The hub domain drives the oligomeric organization of CaMKII, assembling the kinase domains into high local concentration. Previous structural studies have shown multiple stoichiometries of the holoenzyme as well as the hub domain alone. Here, we report a comprehensive study of the hub domain stoichiometry and stability in solution. We solved two crystal structures of the CaMKIIβ hub domain that show 14‐mer (3.1 Å) and 16‐mer (3.4 Å) assemblies. Both crystal structures were determined from crystals grown in the same drop, which suggests that CaMKII oligomers with different stoichiometries likely coexist. To further interrogate hub stability, we employed mass photometry and temperature denaturation studies of CaMKIIβ and CaMKIIα hubs, which highlight major differences between these highly similar domains. We created a dimeric CaMKIIβ hub unit using rational mutagenesis, which is significantly less stable than the oligomer. Both hub domains populate an intermediate during unfolding. We found that multiple CaMKIIβ hub stoichiometries are present in solution and that larger oligomers are more stable. CaMKIIα had a narrower distribution of molecular weight and was distinctly more stable than CaMKIIβ.
The social integration of rural migrants in urban China: The effect of hometown land tenure
Authors: Zou Jing , Wu Fulong , Zhang Fangzhu , Xu Mengran , Liu Siyao
Published: March 2024

While rural migrants living in different housing tenures present significantly variegated levels of social integration, little is known about how land tenure in their place of origin affects their integration into the host cities. Using the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey, we identified three dimensions of social integration: (1) permanent settlement intention, (2) cultural integration and (3) psychological integration. We find that migrants do not feel psychological isolation; their settlement intention is lower as a more realistic judgement of prospects. Their cultural integration is even lower, indicating it is a long‐term process. Migrants with land farming by relatives and friends and land subleasing to private are more socially integrated, while hiring someone to cultivate the land, leaving land uncultivated and other land disposal methods reduces migrants' social integration. Furthermore, land subleasing led to stronger psychological integration, even after controlling for the potential endogeneity issue. It weakens their attachment to their hometowns and increases their income to achieve stronger integration. The effect is more salient in the migrants of the new generation, in second‐tier cities and in the digital economy sector.
Why does Australia need to mitigate food loss and waste to ensure food security?
Authors: Islam Md. Ziaul
Published: March 2024

Food waste in Australia is causing a massive financial burden on the country, with an estimated annual cost of $36.6 billion. Several factors, such as food loss and waste (FLW), inflation, unemployment, and low income, concurrently contribute to Australia's food insecurity problem. This study mainly focuses on FLW, which plays a significant role in Australia's food insecurity. This study finds that despite taking numerous initiatives, including the National Food Waste Strategy 2017, National Food Waste Baseline 2021, Australian Food Pact, and Sector Action Plan, the FLW approximately 7.9 million tonnes of food is wasted every year in Australia. This study explores that in 2022, food insecurity severely affects 21% or 2.1 million households, and 94% of households are concerned about not having enough food in Australia. The author finds that the FLW contributes to producing 17.5 m tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2), 2628.3 gigaliters of water use, and 25 m + hectares of agricultural land use by generating food production. Therefore, this study aims to critically evaluate the FLW scenario and management strategies of the Australian government in order to achieve the sustainable development goal‐12 (responsible consumption and production) and target 12.3 of reducing food waste by 50% by the year 2030.
Versatile Quinazolinone Synthesis: N‐Bromosaccharin‐Catalyzed Divergence in 2,3‐Dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐one and Quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one Formation
Authors: Hutait Samiran , Maikhuri Vipin K. , Kumar Pandey Avadhesh , Shukla Poonam , Srivastava Suman
Published: March 2024

In this research, we present an innovative and eco‐friendly methodology for the synthesis of a diverse array of 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones, featuring the use of catalytic N‐Bromosaccharin (NBSac). This novel approach is not limited to just one product; it extends to the efficient synthesis of quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones by harnessing visible light alongside stoichiometric N‐Bromosaccharin (NBSac) as a multifunctional heterogeneous oxidant. By uniting cyclocondensation and oxidation into a one‐pot sequential process, direct access to quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones is achieved. The developed protocol is characterized by its user‐friendliness, metal‐free operation, wide applicability across diverse substrates, and the ability to recycle the catalyst, making it an appealing and sustainable method for quinazolinone synthesis.
An Adenine‐Based Chromone‐Coupled ‘Off‐On‐Off’ Fluorogenic Dyad for Cascade Detection of Zn2+ and HSO₄− Ions or Zn2+ Ions and Picric Acid
Authors: Maiti Arpita , Mahato Manas , Ahamed Sabbir , Ray Tanusree , Roy Kanak , Roy Mahendra Nath
Published: March 2024

A chromone‐coupled adenine‐based fluorogenic chemosensor (BD1) has been introduced for cascade detection of Zn2+ and HSO4−ions or Zn2+ and picric acid (PA) based on the fluorescence ‘OFF‐ON‐OFF’ mechanism. A momentous fluorescence improvement has been observed due to the accumulation of Zn2+ ions in the BD1 solution because of the formation of the Zn2+ chelated BD1 complex. A cyan color fluorescence enhancement is visible under the exposure of a 365 nm UV lamp, which is also manifested in the CIE diagram. The detection limit of our developed sensor BD1 and Zn2+−BD1 complex towards the identification of Zn2+ and HSO4− ions are in the nM and μM range, respectively, in the solution phase. Among the several explosive nitroaromatic compounds (NACs), only PA quenches the fluorescence of the Zn2+ chelated BD1 complex, and the nature of quenching is both static and dynamic. A paper strips‐based test kit experiment is performed for on‐spot identification of Zn2+ ions and PA. Based on these chemically encoded inputs and the fluorescence intensity as optical output, we have constructed an INHIBIT molecular logic circuit. The present report evokes a new approach for the development of new chemosensors from bioinspired materials such as adenine, a purine nucleobase.
Biosynthesis of NIR‐II Ag2Se Quantum Dots with Bacterial Catalase for Photoacoustic Imaging and Alleviating‐Hypoxia Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Chen Shi‐Hui , Liu Hengke , Huang Biao , Zheng Jie , Zhang Zhi‐Ling , Pang Dai‐Wen , Huang Peng , Cui Ran
Published: March 2024

Developing the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) photoacoustic (PA) agent is of great interest in bioimaging. Ag2Se quantum dots (QDs) are one kind of potential probe for applications in NIR‐II photoacoustic imaging (PAI). However, the surfaces with excess anions of Ag2Se QDs, which increase the probability of nonradiative transitions of excitons benefiting PA imaging, are not conducive to binding electron donor ligands for potential biolabeling and imaging. In this study, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) cells are driven for the biosynthesis of Ag2Se QDs with catalase (CAT). Biosynthesized Ag2Se (bio‐Ag2Se‐CAT) QDs are produced in Se‐enriched environment of S. aureus and have a high Se‐rich surface. The photothermal conversion efficiency of bio‐Ag2Se‐CAT QDs at 808 and 1064 nm is calculated as 75.3% and 51.7%, respectively. Additionally, the PA signal responsiveness of bio‐Ag2Se‐CAT QDs is ≈10 times that of the commercial PA contrast agent indocyanine green. In particular, the bacterial CAT is naturally attached to bio‐Ag2Se‐CAT QDs surface, which can effectively relieve tumor hypoxia. The bio‐Ag2Se‐CAT QDs can relieve heat‐initiated oxidative stress while undergoing effective photothermal therapy (PTT). Such biosynthesis method of NIR‐II bio‐Ag2Se‐CAT QDs opens a new avenue for developing multifunctional nanomaterials, showing great promise for PAI, hypoxia alleviation, and PTT.
FeSe2 and Its Composites for Pollutants Removal: Synthesis, Mechanisms, and Application Potential
Authors: Xu Wenbo , Huang Danlian , Li Sai , Wang Guangfu , Zhou Wei , Du Li , Huang Hai
Published: March 2024

In recent years, the research of FeSe2 and its composites in environmental remediation has been gradually carried out. And the FeSe2 materials show great catalytic performance in photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and Fenton‐like reactions for pollutants removal. Therefore, the studies and applications of FeSe2 materials are reviewed in this work, including the common synthesis methods, the role of Fe and Se species as well as the catalyst structure, and the potential for practical environmental applications. Hereinto, it is worth noting in particular that the lower‐valent Se (Se2−), unsaturated Se (Se−), and Se vacancies (VSe) can play different roles in promoting pollutants removal. In addition, the FeSe2 material also demonstrates high stability, reusability, and adaptability over a wider pH range as well as universality to different pollutants. In view of the overall great properties and performance of FeSe2 materials compared with other typical Fe‐based materials, it deserves and needs further research. And finally, this paper presents some challenges and perspectives in future development, looking forward to providing helpful guidance for the subsequent research of FeSe2 and its composites for environmental application.
Surfactant Micelle‐Driven High‐Efficiency and High‐Resolution Length Separation of Carbon Nanotubes for Electronic Applications
Authors: Ling Shuang , Wei Xiaojun , Luo Xin , Li Xiao , Li Shilong , Xiong Feibing , Zhou Weiya , Xie Sishen , Liu Huaping
Published: March 2024

High‐efficiency extraction of long single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with excellent optoelectronic properties from SWCNT solution is critical for enabling their application in high‐performance optoelectronic devices. Here, a straightforward and high‐efficiency method is reported for length separation of SWCNTs by modulating the concentrations of binary surfactants. The results demonstrate that long SWCNTs can spontaneously precipitate for binary‐surfactant but not for single‐surfactant systems. This effect is attributed to the formation of compound micelles by binary surfactants that squeeze the free space of long SWCNTs due to their large excluded volumes. With this technique, it can readily separate near‐pure long (≥500 nm in length, 99% in content) and short (≤500 nm in length, 98% in content) SWCNTs with separation efficiencies of 26% and 64%, respectively, exhibiting markedly greater length resolution and separation efficiency than those of previously reported methods. Thin‐film transistors fabricated from extracted semiconducting SWCNTs with lengths >500 nm exhibit significantly improved electrical properties, including a 10.5‐fold on‐state current and 14.7‐fold mobility, compared with those with lengths <500 nm. The present length separation technique is perfectly compatible with various surfactant‐based methods for structure separations of SWCNTs and is significant for fabrication of high‐performance electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Polarized Raman Microscopy to Image Microstructure Changes in Silicon Phthalocyanine Thin‐Films
Authors: Cranston Rosemary R. , Lanosky Taylor D. , Ewenike Raluchukwu , Mckillop Sophia , King Benjamin , Lessard Benoît H.
Published: March 2024

The choice of deposition technique and post deposition treatment can significantly influence the performance of organic electronic devices by altering the complex relationship between film properties and charge transport. Herein, the influence of deposition method and post deposition thermal annealing on the thin‐film properties of an emerging semiconductor, bis(tri‐n‐propylsilyl oxide) SiPc ((3PS)2‐SiPc), is examined by polarized Raman microscopy. Comparing physical vapor deposition (PVD) and spin‐coating, the orientation of (3PS)2‐SiPc molecules in films is determined and further characterized by X‐ray diffraction to assess variations in microstructure and morphology due to thermal annealing. Despite differences in film formation, non‐annealed organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) fabricated by PVD and spin‐coating resulted in similar electron mobilities (μe) on the order of 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 and threshold voltages (VT) of 10–20 V. Films fabricated by PVD annealed at 175 °C transition to a new polymorphic form with molecules aligned at a higher angle to the substrate and exhibiting reduced device performance. Conversely, spin‐coated films do not undergo any new polymorph formation or structural reorganization with thermal annealing. PVD fabricated films are thus more readily able to undergo transformations to structure and morphology with post deposition processing, while the microstructure of spin‐coated films is established at the time of deposition.
Two dimensional shear wave elastography—Basic principles and current applications
Authors: O'Hara Sandra , Edwards Christopher , Zelesco Marilyn
Published: March 2024

Ultrasound‐based elastography techniques are increasingly available on modern ultrasound systems. The application of elastography extends the utility of ultrasound, yielding new information about the impact of disease on tissue biomechanics. By modifying the B‐mode imaging pulse, an Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse produces shear waves in selected tissue. Quantifying the speed of the resultant shear wave provides an indirect assessment of tissue stiffness, with stiffer tissue producing faster shear wave movement than softer tissue. Two main types of ultrasound shear wave elastography are currently in use. Point shear wave elastography uses one or two pulses to measure shear wave speeds over a small fixed area. Alternatively, two‐dimensional shear‐wave elastography provides a colour elastogram map over a larger area, allowing the operator to select specific regions of interest to measure shear wave speed. This article will discuss the essential physics principles, and clinical uses of two‐dimensional shear wave elastography, aiming to provide sonographers with a basic understanding of the technology and current applications.
Dynamical analysis of a 40 m span precast posttensioned concrete girder during lifting operations
Authors: de Lima Gabriel Henrique Arruda Tavares , Krahl Pablo Augusto , Siqueira Tiago Morkis , de Lima Maria Cristina Vidigal
Published: March 2024

Cranes are employed to lift precast concrete girders during their construction. Presently, there is no recommendation for operational velocities during girder assemblage, particularly for long elements; simultaneously, several accidents have been reported during the transitory phase of girder motion. Since this mechanical problem has been examined in technical literature using a static approach, the present research study aims to investigate the dynamical behavior of a long, prestressed concrete girder by determining critical operational velocities according to crane movements. Prestressing cables' eccentricity and lifting loop position deviation were accounted for in 3D finite element simulations of a 40 m span precast prestressed concrete girder. Transient nonlinear analyses to obtain stresses and deflections were performed, so as to account for the large deformation behavior of the motion. A frequency domain approach was employed to analyze the time history results using the girder's natural frequencies obtained by modal analysis. The finite element model was developed to simulate upward, downward, and lateral girder movements. The most significant displacements and stresses were observed in the highest girder acceleration peaks, amplified by eccentricities. Safety against cracking and subsequent failure during vertical and lateral movements was ensured for crane operating accelerations of 0.02 g (v = 20 cm/s) and 0.007 g (v = 7 cm/s), respectively. Compared with the usual static analysis, for the critical case investigated, the inertial effect intensified the tensile stresses by 27 times, increased the compressive stresses by 11%, and increased the girder deflection by 3 times.
Soil salinization in Portugal: An in‐depth exploration of impact, advancements, and future considerations
Authors: Ramos Tiago B. , Gonçalves Maria C. , van Genuchten Martinus Th.
Published: March 2024

Soil salinization poses a significant threat to agricultural production in Portugal. Collaborative research spanning three decades with the U.S. Salinity Laboratory in Riverside, California, has been instrumental in advancing our understanding of this issue. This study provides a concise overview of the causes of soil salinization in Portugal, focusing on ongoing efforts to comprehensively address this challenge. Key advancements highlighted in this study encompass the meticulous characterization of soil hydraulic and solute transport parameters, the application of cutting‐edge modeling tools for water flow and solute transport in diverse agricultural systems, and the utilization of innovative proximal and remote sensing methods for mapping soil salinity. Noteworthy results and practical implications of these advancements underscore their relevance in real‐world scenarios. While celebrating these achievements, the study emphasizes the current nature of the ongoing research, highlighting the dynamic landscape of soil salinization. The study underscores the imperative need for further advancements to effectively cope with soil salinization, especially in anticipation of the intensification of agricultural practices and the looming impacts of climate change. This comprehensive overview not only encapsulates past achievements but also sets the stage for future research endeavors in mitigating the pervasive effects of soil salinization on agricultural sustainability in Portugal.
Association between frailty, long‐term mortality and functional outcomes for older adults undergoing emergency laparotomy
Authors: Park Brittany , Vandal Alain , Sulistio Edrick , Bhat Sameer , Welsh Fraser , Eglinton Tim , Koea Jonathan , Taneja Ashish , Hill Andrew G. , Barazanchi Ahmed W.H. , MacCormick Andrew D.
Published: March 2024

Background

An increasing number of older patients are undergoing emergency laparotomy (EL). Frailty is thought to contribute to adverse outcomes in this group. The best method to assess frailty and impacts on long‐term mortality and other important functional outcomes for older EL patients have not been fully explored.

Methods

A prospective multicenter study of older EL patients was conducted across four hospital sites in New Zealand from August 2017 to September 2022. The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) was used to measure frailty—defined as a CFS of ≥5. Primary outcomes were 30‐day and one‐year mortality. Secondary outcomes were postoperative morbidity, admission for rehabilitation, and increased care level on discharge. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted, adjusting for age, sex, and ethnicity.

Results

A total of 629 participants were included. Frailty prevalence was 14.6%. Frail participants demonstrated higher 30‐day and 1‐year mortality—20.7% and 39.1%. Following adjustment, frailty was directly associated with a significantly increased risk of short‐ and long‐term mortality (30‐day aRR 2.6, 95% CI 1.5, 4.3, p = <0.001, 1‐year aRR 2.0, 95% CI 1.5, 2.8, p < 0.001). Frailty was correlated with a 2‐fold increased risk of admission for rehabilitation and propensity of being discharged to an increased level of care, complications, and readmission within 30 days.

Conclusion

Frailty was associated with increased risk of postoperative mortality up to 1‐year and other functional outcomes for older patients undergoing EL. Identification of frailty in older EL patients aids in patient‐centered decision‐making, which may lead to improvement in outcomes.
Planning for Equitable Urban Agriculture: Opportunities and Quandaries
Authors: Raja Samina
Published: March 2024

Urban agriculture initiatives have rekindled the imagination of city residents and advocates across the United States for various reasons. Enthusiasts use UA as a source of material benefits – such as food and green infrastructure – while others use UA as a lever for social transformation in cities. UA is not without complications: Information asymmetry and elite capture within US cities limit its potential. Given these contradictions, how does one plan for equitable urban agriculture in US cities? This chapter, which introduces a collection of writings in honor of Jerome L. Kaufman, the father of food systems planning, attempts to answer this question. The overall volume explores the opportunities and quandaries in addressing questions of equity in the research, pedagogy, and practice of planning for urban agriculture.
The Urgent Role of Urban Agriculture and Food Systems Planning in the Global South
Authors: Hoey Lesli
Published: March 2024

What can US urban agriculture (UA) planners and scholars learn from the Global South? For many urban growers in low and middle income countries, UA is a lifeline – a vital source of their family’s food and income security – in a way not often experienced in the US. UA also plays an important role in enhancing the environmental sustainability of some city regions. In the name of “modernization” and development, however, many Global South governments actively resist UA, while others are encouraging the rapid growth of supermarkets and the restriction of informal food markets, potentially undoing any positive impacts of UA on urban food security and poverty. Food policy initiatives that have emerged to intervene in urban food systems holistically, however, could help to ensure that urban food systems are simultaneously equitable, health-promoting and sustainable. Despite the more extreme circumstances in which UA is often practiced in the Global South, urban planning scholars and practitioners in the US can draw a number of lessons about the benefits of intentionally scaling up UA, the wider lens that could be applied to address urban food system inequities, and further research that could enhance understanding about the process and impact of UA expansion.
Planning [for Urban Agriculture] as Public Nurturance
Authors: Raja Samina , Caton Campbell Marcia , Judelsohn Alexandra
Published: March 2024

This concluding chapter of a book honoring the late Jerome Kaufman, an urban planning scholar who drew attention to food systems, highlights the power of urban agriculture as a lever for promoting equity in cities. The authors argue for the idea of planning as public nurturance – an approach that can be illustrated through urban agriculture. Planning as public nurturance has several features. Planning as public nurturance is a value-explicit process that centers an ethic of care, especially protecting the interests of publics that are marginalized. It builds the capacity of marginalized groups to authentically co-design and participate in planning/policy processes. Such a planning approach requires that progress toward equitable outcomes is consistently evaluated through accountability measures. And, finally, such an approach requires attention to structural and institutional inequities. Addressing these four elements is more likely to create a condition under which urban agriculture may be used as a lever in the planning and development of more just and equitable cities.
Indicators and Data in Spain Regarding an Overview of Worst Performing Segments of the National Building Stock, Rented Properties and Energy Poverty
Authors: Beltrán-Velamazán Carlos , Arbulu Markel , Gómez-Gil Marta , Rueda-Esteban Markel , Espinosa-Fernández Almudena , López-Mesa Belinda
Published: March 2024

Indicators are necessary to assess the effectiveness of building renovation policies and to know whether the European Union Member States’ long-term renovation strategies deliver the necessary progress towards the transformation of the building stock into a decarbonized one. Worst performing segments, rental properties, and energy poverty have been identified as key issues to be addressed in the decarbonization of the building sector in Europe. In this chapter, we propose indicators to measure the evolution in Spain of the worst performing segments of the building stock regarding energy, the energy performance of rented properties, and energy poverty following the European Commission recommendations and directives. We also studied the sources of information available in Spain for the development of these indicators and developed them when there were data. This study allowed us to conclude that in this country, there are good sources of data to develop energy poverty indicators, which could be improved by systematically collecting information on the percentage of population living in inadequate housing thermal conditions in summer. It is necessary to improve and unify the information from the energy performance certificates of buildings published by the different regions of Spain in order to better develop indicators relating to the worst segments of the building stock. There is a lack of data to develop indicators on the energy efficiency of rented properties.
Numerical modeling of fill-level and residence time in starve-fed single-screw extrusion: a dimensionality reduction study from a 3D CFD model to a 2D convection-diffusion model
Authors: Olofsson Erik Holmen , Dan Ashley , Roland Michael , Jokil Ninna Halberg , Ramachandran Rohit , Hattel Jesper Henri
Published: March 2024

This research delves into the numerical predictions of fill-level and residence time distribution (RTD) in starve-fed single-screw extrusion systems. Starve-feeding, predominantly used in ceramic extrusion, introduces challenges which this study seeks to address. Based on a physical industrial system, a comprehensive 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed using a porous media representation of the complex multi-hole plate die. Validations performed using real sensor data, accounting for partial wear on auger screw flights, show an ~11% discrepancy without accounting for screw wear and ~6% when considering it. A 2D convection-diffusion model was introduced as a dimensionality reduced order model (ROM) with the intention of bridging the gap between comprehensive CFD simulations and real-time applications. Central to this model’s prediction ability was both the velocity field transfer from the CFD model and calibration of the ROM diffusion coefficient such that a precise agreement of residence time distribution (RTD) curves could be obtained. Some discrepancies between the CFD and the ROM were observed, attributed to the loss of physical information of the system when transitioning from a higher fidelity CFD model to a semi-mechanistic ROM and the inherent complexities of the starved flow in the compression zone of the extruder. This research offers a comprehensive methodology and insights into reduced order modeling of starve-fed extrusion systems, presenting opportunities for real-time optimization and enhanced process understanding.
Positive Representations with Zero Casimirs
Authors: Ip Ivan Chi-Ho , Man Ryuichi
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we construct a new family of generalization of the positive representations of split-real quantum groups based on the degeneration of the Casimir operators acting as zero on some Hilbert spaces. It is motivated by a new observation arising from modifying the representation in the simplest case of $$\mathcal {U}_q(\mathfrak {sl}(2,\mathbb {R}))$$

U
q

(
sl

(
2
,
R
)

)

compatible with Faddeev’s modular double, while having a surprising tensor product decomposition. For higher rank, the representations are obtained by the polarization of Chevalley generators of $$\mathcal {U}_q(\mathfrak {g})$$

U
q

(
g
)

in a new realization as universally Laurent polynomials of a certain skew-symmetrizable quantum cluster algebra. We also calculate explicitly the Casimir actions of the maximal $$A_{n-1}$$

A

n
-
1

degenerate representations of $$\mathcal {U}_q(\mathfrak {g}_\mathbb {R})$$

U
q

(

g
R

)

for general Lie types based on the complexification of the central parameters.
Speciation Features of Ferdinandcohnia quinoae sp. nov to Adapt to the Plant Host
Authors: Saati-Santamaría Zaki , Flores-Félix José David , Igual José M. , Velázquez Encarna , García-Fraile Paula , Martínez-Molina Eustoquio
Published: March 2024

The bacterial strain SECRCQ15T was isolated from seeds of Chenopodium quinoa in Spain. Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic analyses, as well as genome similarity indices, support the classification of the strain into a novel species of the genus Ferdinandcohnia, for which we propose the name Ferdinandcohnia quinoae sp. nov. To dig deep into the speciation features of the strain SECRCQ15T, we performed a comparative genomic analysis of the genome of this strain and those of the type strains of species from the genus Ferdinandcohnia. We found several genes related with plant growth-promoting mechanisms within the SECRCQ15T genome. We also found that singletons of F. quinoae SECRCQ15T are mainly related to the use of carbohydrates, which is a common trait of plant-associated bacteria. To further reveal speciation events in this strain, we revealed genes undergoing diversifying selection (e.g., genes encoding ribosomal proteins) and functions likely lost due to pseudogenization. Also, we found that this novel species contains 138 plant-associated gene-cluster functions that are unique within the genus Ferdinandcohnia. These features may explain both the ecological and taxonomical differentiation of this new taxon.
Predictive value of the prognostic nutritional index combined with serum chloride levels for the prognosis of patients with acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Gu Wenyi , Zhou Yanji , Hua Baotong , Ma Wenfang , Dong Ling , Shi Tao , Zou Jie , Zhu Na , Chen Lixing
Published: March 2024

Background

The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and serum chloride level are related to adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure. However, little is known about the relationship between the PNI and serum chloride level in predicting the poor prognosis of patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF).

Methods and results

We reviewed 1221 consecutive patients with ADHF admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2017 to October 2021. After excluding patients with in hospital death, missing follow-up data, missing chloride data, missing lymphocyte (LYM) count data, or missing serum albumin data, 805 patients were included. PNI was calculated using the formula: serum albumin (ALB) (g/L) + 5 × LYM count (10^9/L). Patients were divided into 4 groups according to the quartiles of the PNI, and the highest PNI quartile (PNI Q4: PNI ≥ 47.3) was set as the reference group. The patients in the lowest PNI quartile (PNI Q1: PNI < 40.8) had the lowest cumulative survival rate, and mortality risk decreased progressively through the quartiles (log-rankχ2142.283,P < 0.0001). Patients with ADHF were divided into 8 groups by quartiles of PNI and median levels of serum chloride. After adjustment, the hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality in ADHF patients in Group 1 was 8.7 times higher than that in the reference Group 8. Furthermore, the addition of serum chloride level and PNI quartile to the Cox model increased the area under the Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve by 0.05, and the area under the ROC curve of the new model was higher than that of the original model with traditional risk factors.

Conclusions

Both the lowest PNI quartiles and low chloride level indicate a higher risk of all-cause death in patients with ADHF.
Cannabis use, health problems, and criminal offences in Germany: national and state-level trends between 2009 and 2021
Authors: Manthey Jakob , Klinger Sinja , Rosenkranz Moritz , Schwarzkopf Larissa
Published: March 2024

The German federal government plans to decriminalise cannabis. The impact of this policy on use prevalence, cannabis-related health and legal problems cannot be fully anticipated and should be viewed in context with current trends. We used routine data on (a) cannabis use (population-based surveys), (b) cannabis-related diagnoses (ICD-10 code F12) in outpatient medical settings and (c) minor law offences (registered violations against the narcotics law for possessing small amounts) to analyse age and sex-specific trends by federal state between 2009 and 2021. To enable comparisons across time and federal state besides crude prevalence rates, age-standardised rates were calculated. Between 2009 and 2021, the age-standardised prevalence of cannabis use (5.7–10.6%), rate of diagnoses (1.1–3.7 per 1,000), and legal offences (1.8–3.1 per 1,000) increased, with the largest increase noted for cannabis-related diagnoses. Relatively, increases were most pronounced for older users (40-to-59-year-olds: use and offences; 35-to-44-year-olds: cannabis-related diagnoses) and rather stagnant for minors. Cannabis use and health problems appear to be more pronounced in Northern and city states, while no clear geographic trend was observed for law offences. Cannabis-related outpatient treatment demand has risen more steeply than use prevalence suggesting an increasing challenge for the health care system. Despite rising rates for documented offences, the long-term implications of law violations on social and occupational life are poorly understood but may be considered for evaluations of the proposed law changes.
The influence of WeChat education and care program on anxiety, depression, insomnia, and general state of health in parents of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients
Authors: Duan Hui , Wang Li , Li Hui , Wang Zhongyu , Jiao Shuili , Liu Yanli , Li Huihui , Chen Jie , Feng Qiang
Published: March 2024

Purpose

WeChat-based education and care program serves as a promising nursing method for relieving mental stress in parents of pediatric patients. This study purposed to explore the influence of the WeChat education and care program (WECP) on mental health, insomnia, and general state of health in parents of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients.

Methods

Totally, 146 parents of 73 primary pediatric ALL patients were randomized into the WECP group (74 parents of 37 patients) and standard care (SC) group (72 parents of 36 patients) to receive a 6-month corresponding intervention. Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), Athens insomnia scale (AIS), and 12-item general health questionnaire (GHQ-12) were assessed in parents of patients.

Results

SAS scores at the third month (M3) (P = 0.041) and M6 (P = 0.032) were reduced in WECP group versus SC group. SAS-defined anxiety rate at M6 (P = 0.035) was declined in WECP group versus SC group. SDS score at M6 was descended in WECP group versus SC group (P = 0.024). However, there was no discrepancy in SDS-defined depression rate at any time point between groups (all P > 0.05). AIS scores at M1 (P = 0.015) and M6 (P = 0.021), as well as GHQ-12 scores at M3 (P = 0.007) and M6 (P = 0.001) were decreased in WECP group versus SC group. By subgroup analyses, WECP exhibited good effects at M6 in mothers, but not in fathers.

Conclusion

WECP is a feasible and efficacy intervention to improve mental stress and health status among parents of pediatric ALL patients, especially in mothers.
Synchronous versus metachronous spinal metastasis: a comparative study of survival outcomes following neurosurgical treatment
Authors: Banat Mohammed , Potthoff Anna-Laura , Hamed Motaz , Borger Valeri , Scorzin Jasmin E. , Lampmann Tim , Asoglu Harun , Khalafov Logman , Schmeel Frederic C. , Paech Daniel , Radbruch Alexander , Nitsch Louisa , Weller Johannes , Herrlinger Ulrich , Toma Marieta , Gielen Gerrit H. , Vatter Hartmut , Schneider Matthias
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Patients with spinal metastases (SM) from solid neoplasms typically exhibit progression to an advanced cancer stage. Such metastases can either develop concurrently with an existing cancer diagnosis (termed metachronous SM) or emerge as the initial indication of an undiagnosed malignancy (referred to as synchronous SM). The present study investigates the prognostic implications of synchronous compared to metachronous SM following surgical resection.

Methods

From 2015 to 2020, a total of 211 individuals underwent surgical intervention for SM at our neuro-oncology facility. We conducted a survival analysis starting from the date of the neurosurgical procedure, comparing those diagnosed with synchronous SM against those with metachronous SM.

Results

The predominant primary tumor types included lung cancer (23%), prostate cancer (21%), and breast cancer (11.3%). Of the participants, 97 (46%) had synchronous SM, while 114 (54%) had metachronous SM. The median overall survival post-surgery for those with synchronous SM was 13.5 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 6.1–15.8) compared to 13 months (95% CI 7.7–14.2) for those with metachronous SM (p = 0.74).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the timing of SM diagnosis (synchronous versus metachronous) does not significantly affect survival outcomes following neurosurgical treatment for SM. These results support the consideration of neurosurgical procedures regardless of the temporal pattern of SM manifestation.