bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pancoast syndrome caused by extramedullary plasmacytoma
Authors: Chen Karl T. K. , Padmanabhan A.
Published: February 2007

A 61‐year‐old patient had the clinical findings of Pancoast syndrome with shoulder pain, weakness and atrophy of hand muscles, and an opacified area in the apical lung field. Unlike most cases with Pancoast syndrome in which the tumors are primary carcinomas of the lung, the present case was shown to have a plasmacytoma involving the apical parietal pleura and the adjacent chest wall. The need for histologic diagnosis before treating patients with Pancoast syndrome is emphasized.
Multiple primary carcinoma of the lung
Authors: Chung Tae Soo
Published: February 2007

The risk of developing multiple primary lung carcinoma is rare (1.07%) but increases with time following resection of the first primary lesion. Eight well‐documented cases are reported along with a review of 351 cases reported in the literature. The interval between metachronous lesions ranged from 9 months to 17 years. Surgical resection remains the preferred treatment of resectable nonsmall cell carcinoma, with 5 year survival of 11%. All patients with lung carcinoma should be followed‐up for the rest of their lives because of the possible occurrence of a second primary.
The syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion secondary to vinblastine‐bleomycin therapy
Authors: Ravikumar Thanjavur S. , Grage Theodor B.
Published: February 2007

A clinical picture compatible with the syndrome of inappropriate ADH (antidiuretic hormone) secretion was observed in two patients receiving vinblastine‐bleomycin chemotherapy. The mechanism by which this response is brought about is unclear. Penetration of Vinka alkaloids into CSF of humans is poor in the absence of extensive meningeal involvement, and hence an indirect method of action by a reduction in the osmotic threshold for vasopressin release has been suggested. By administering vinblastine on days 1 and 4 (instead of days 1 and 2, as suggested in the high‐respoonse regimen consisting of vinblastine, bleomycin, and cis‐platinum) we have found better bone marrow tolerance and have not noticed the inappropriate ADH syndrome.
Is medullary carcinoma of the breast hormone dependent?
Authors: Patel J. K. , Nemoto T. , Dao T. L.
Published: February 2007

From 1951 to 1981, 22 patients with metastatic medullary carcinoma of the breast were treated with hormonal therapies at Roswell Park Memorial Institute. Bilateral oophorectomy was performed in 6 premenopausal patients, and none had objective response, although one patient did have stable diseases for 7 months. Three of these patients subsequently underwent bilateral adrenalectomy and none responded. Thirteen of 16 postmenopausal patients underwent bilateral adrenalectomy and only one had an objective response of 4 months. Eight of 22 patients recived additive hormones, and one patient was treated with Tamoxifen. There was no objective response to these therapies. From this study, it appears that medullary carcinoma of the breast is less often responsive to endocrine therapy, and this finding correlates well with the recent data showing lower frequency of estrogen receptor‐positive tumors in these patients.
The pharmacologic manipulation of blood flow in hyperthermia therapy
Authors: Olch Arthur J. , Silberman Allan W. , Storm F. Kristian , Graham L. Stephan , Morton Donald L.
Published: February 2007

Many human tumors treated by hyperthermia do not reach therapeutic temperatures (42°C). The explanation for this difference may be that some tumors react to thermal stress in a manner similar to normal tissues; ie, they increase blood flow during hyperthermia in order to dissipate the heat. Higher temperatures might be achieved in these heat‐resistant tumors by administering vasoconstrictive agents in an effort to reduce blood flow. In this preliminary study, we determined the extent to which pharmacologic inhibition of local blood flow might allow higher temperatures to develop in normal muscles exposed to localized radiofrequency hyperthermia. We found that the local muscle temperature rise could be increased by at least 90% in two dogs and six rabbits with the use of a local vasoconstrictive drug.
Cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum (II): Second line induction chemotherapy in advanced ovarian adenocarcinoma
Authors: Piver M. Steven , Barlow Joseph J. , Lele Shashikant B. , Malfetano John H. , McPhee Mary Eileen
Published: February 2007

Twenty‐one evaluable patients received second‐line chemotherapy for recurrent ovarian adenocarcinoma with induction Cisplatin given weekly followed by monthly combination chemotherapy. Forty‐two percent of the patients responded to induction weekly Cisplatin. Of the responders, 77% are alive as compared to only 8% of the nonresponders. Maintenance of the responses by monthly combination chemotherapy remains a significant problem. Moreover, 83% and 70% of patients who received weekly Cisplatin as first‐ and third‐line induction chemotherapy, respectively, had objective responses. Of the total 43 patients who received weekly Cisplatin as first‐, second‐, or third‐line chemotherapy, 60% responded, including complete clinical responses in 14% and partial responses in 46%.
Granular cell tumor of the bronchus: A previously unreported cause of hypercalcemia
Authors: Gabriel Juan B. , Thomas Louys , Kondlapoodi Preetham , Haque Naghmana , Chauhan Prem M.
Published: February 2007

Hypercalcemia was found in a patient with an endobronchial granular cell tumor. To the best of our knowledge, the association of hypercalcemia and granular cell tumor has not been previously reported in the literature. Resection of the tumor resulted in the return of the serum calcium levels to normal. Investigation of the metabolic status of the patient suggested that the tumor was not producing parathormone.
Clinical and laboratory findings of carcinoma of the pancreas and periampullary structures
Authors: Lee Yeu‐Tsu N.(Margaret) , Williams Mark D.
Published: February 2007

This is a retrospective review of 233 patients who had surgical exploration for proven or suspected malignant lesions of the exocrine pancreas and periampullary structures. There were 24 patients with carcinoma of the ampulla or duodenum, 12 with carcinoma of the bile duct, and 197 with lesions of the pancreas. Among the latter group, 128 patients had carcinoma diagnosed at initial operation (31 by duodenopancreatectomy, 33 by liver, and 64 by other biopsies), and 69 patients had suspected carcinoma of the pancreas without histological proof. History of jaundice, pruritus, nausea/vomiting, total weight loss, duration of pain, and values of blood urea nitrogen, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin were significantly different among the various groups. Patients who had resection of carcinoma of the duodenum or ampulla had the best 5‐year survival rate (39 ± 12%). Among patients with resectable or nonresectable carcinoma of the pancreas, some of the symptoms and laboratory tests studied had prognostic significance.
Pelvic abscess following preoperative radiation and abdominoperineal resection: Management with a free flap
Authors: Kraybill William G. , Reinsch John , Puckett Charles L. , Bricker Eugene M.
Published: February 2007

The case of a woman treated for a large rectal cancer with high‐dose radiation therapy and abdominoperineal resection followed by a large pelvic abscess is presented. Wound healing, reconstruction, and rehabilitation were achieved with a free latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap. The importance of providing well‐vascularized tissue for wound healing in the infected irradiated wound is emphasized.
Melanoma metastatic to “lipomata”
Authors: Mann Barry D. , Finck Sanford J. , Cohchran Alistair J. , Morton Donald L.
Published: February 2007

Three patients presented with solitary melanoma metastases that mimicked a simple “lipomata.” On further investigation each patient had a discrete fatty tissue tumor mass surrounding a melanoma metastasis. The presence of an enlarging mass in patients with a history of melanoma should be viewed with suspicion and a biopsy should be performed.
Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the breast: II. Prognostic factors influencing relapse rate
Authors: Lee YEU‐TSU N. (Margaret) , Chan Linda S.
Published: February 2007

This is a study of 408 patients who had mastectomy for clinical stages I, II, and early III carcinoma of the breast during 1971–1980. Analysis of disease‐free probabilities up to 5 yr showed that the number of positive axillary nodes was the most important prognostic factor. Size of primary tumor was the second most useful factor, with best separation of disease‐free rates using 4 cm as a dividing line. Patients with colloid carcinoma and other less common lesions had much better prognosis than those with infiltrating ductal, lobular, or medullary carcinomas. Discriminating analysis also showed that information about the number of positive axillary node alone gave the best prediction of possibility of developing recurrence (overall accuracy, 75%).
Symptomatic lipoma of the duodenum
Authors: Sarma Deba P. , Weilbaecher Thomas G. , Basavaraj Adidravid , Reina Ro Risa
Published: February 2007

A case of duodenal lipoma causing massive hemorrhage is described. Literature on the subject is reviewed.
Use of a soft‐agar colony‐forming assay to determine the photosensitizing effects of several components of hematoporphyrin derivative
Authors: Jones C. A. , Uhl C. B. , Mattox V. R. , Kinsey J. H. , Cortese D. A. , Lieber M. M.
Published: February 2007

The photosensitizing/cytotoxic effects of four porphyrin compounds derived from hematoporphyrin were compared using two human tumor cell lines with a soft‐agar colony‐forming assay. Reproducible dose‐ and time‐dependent increases in reproductive cell death were observed for each porphyrin tested. Two fractions derived from hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) were found to be better photosensitizers than HPD itself, indicating the potential value of this in vitro assay for detecting the most active component from a heterogeneous mixture.
Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma: A review of 21 cases
Authors: Kaufman Z. , Eliashiv A. , Shpitz B. , Witz M. , Griffel B. , Dinbar A.
Published: February 2007

A retrospective study of 21 patients who had suffered from gastrointestinal lymphoma was carried out. Gastric involvement was more common than involvement of the small or large intestine and carried a better prognosis. Gastrointestinal lymphoma generally occurs most frequently during the fourth to seventh decades of life. In our study, however, five lymphomas occured in patients under 20 years of age. Clinical symptoms were nonspecific, and abdominal mass was found in only 15% of the patients on clinical examination. All patients were explored, 17 underwent resection, and 4 laparotomy and biopsy. Five‐year survival was much better for patients who had undergone resection. Survival was inversely proportionate to the extent of nodal spread. Multiple lesions on the same organ yielded a 5‐year survival of 20%, while a single lesion offered a 55% chance of 5‐year survival. Diffuse histiocytic lymphoma was the commonest type, followed by the poorly differentiated lymphocytic type. A longer survival rate was present in the lymphocytic type. However, the highest survival rate was in those patients in whom definite resections of the lesion were performed followed by radiation and chemotherapy, especially for gastric tumor.
Local erythema multiforme‐like drug reaction following intravenous mitomycin C and 5‐fluorouracil
Authors: Spencer Henry J.
Published: February 2007

A localized skin reaction occurred within 4 weeks following IV adminstration of mitomycin C and 5‐FU. Erythematous papules appeared proximal to the forearm site used for drug administration that histologically resembled an erythema multiforme‐like drug reaction. A localized hypersensitivity reaction to mitomycin C is suspected.
Kidney fibroxanthoma (malignant fibrous xanthoma): A rare tumor and an unusual cause of retroperitoneal hemorrhage
Authors: Witz Misha , Bernheim Joëlle , Dinbar Alex , Griffel Benjamin
Published: February 2007

A case of kidney fibroxanthoma (malignant fibrous xanthoma, malignant variant of xanthogranuloma), a rare malignant neoplasm of kidney, is described. In addition to the typical histologic features of retroperitoneal xanthogranuloma, this tumor showed obvious pleomorphism and mitotic activity of the histiocytes. We present this case in view of the rarity of this neoplasm and the unusual presentation as massive retroperitoneal hemorrhage.
Gastric pull‐up for cancers of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus: Our experience
Authors: Pradhan Sultan A. , Rajpal Ram M.
Published: February 2007

Twenty‐five cases of squamous cancer of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus treated with laryngopharyngoesophagectomy and pharyngogastric anastomosis are presented. In all cases the lesion was such that a complete circumferential pharyngectomy was necessitated. Twelve patients had received full radiation therapy and surgery was undertaken for residual and recurrent disease. Eleven patients had a concurrent unilateral radical neck dissection and two patients a concurrent bilateral neck dissection. Five patients died within 1 month following surgery. The causes of death are discussed. The most notable features of this method of pharyngeal and cervical esophageal reconstruction is the early restoration of swallowing (20 patients were on oral feed in less than 10 days following surgery), a very low incidence of anastomatic leak and subsequent hazards of a carotid hemorrhage (only one patient had a major leak leading to carotid hemorrhage), and absence of subsequent anastomotic stenosis as is seen after reconstruction with skin tubes.
The pathophysiology of the jejunal conduit syndrome and its exacerbation by parenteral hyperalimentation
Authors: Bonnheim David C. , Petrelli Nicholas J. , Sternberg Ahud , Mittelman Arnold
Published: February 2007

Supravesical urinary diversion using a jejunal conduit may be associated with hyponatremia, hypochloremic‐acidosis, hyperkalemia, azotemia, and a clinical picture of nausea, vomiting, dehydration, muscular weakness, elevated temperature, and lethargy. This syndrome is secondary to the loss of sodium chloride into the urine passing through the conduit and absorption of potassium and urea from it. Treatment and prevention of this syndrome consist of adequate supplements of sodium chloride and hydration. Intravenous hyperalimentation as the precipitating factor of a severe form of this syndrome and its successful management are described. The pathophysiology of the jejunal conduit syndrome is also discussed. Great selectivity and extreme caution are recommended with respect to the use of intravenous hyperalimentation in patients with jejunal conduits.
Microcytotoxicity blocking assay for the detection and isolation of soluble astrocytoma association antigen
Authors: Potter Virginia P. , Wood William C. , Cohen Alfred M. , Kornblith Paul L.
Published: February 2007

A blocking microcytotoxicity assay was used to detect soluble astrocytoma‐associated antigen. The richest source of soluble antigen was found in spent culture media from an established glioblastoma (GF) tissue culture line. Also assayed were fractions of sonicated membrane antigen from another (GM) glioblastoma and pellets of GF and GM cultured glioblastoma tissue. Blocking by media conditioned by cultured normal human brain, breast cancer, neuroblastoma, meningioma, or 2‐year‐old astrocytoma cell lines was 41–82% lower. A monomer was isolated that blocked cytotoxicity and migrated in molecular exclusion chromatography with alpha‐macroglobulins rather than the beta‐2‐microglobulins usually associated with histocompatibility antigens.
Combination chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer with fluorouracil, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate
Authors: Aboud Ambrose , Buzdar Aman U. , Yap Hwee‐Yong , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Blumenschein George R.
Published: February 2007

Twenty‐nine patients with metastatic breast cancer were treated with fluorouracil, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide (FAC), and methotrexate (MTX), with or without leukovorin rescue. Of 24 evaluable patients, one achieved a complete remission and 17 had partial responses. The overall objective response rate was 75%. The median survival from initiation of chemotherapy for the responding patients was 18 months. Four patients (17%) with stable disease had a median survival of 25 months. The addition of MTX to FAC chemotherapy did not improve the therapeutic efficacy of this combination; it did, however, increase the overall toxicity, especially the infectious complications when compared to FAC alone.
Localized laryngeal lymphoma
Authors: Chen Karl T. K.
Published: February 2007

A 23‐year‐old man with a 3‐month history of hoarseness was found to have a polypoid histiocytic lymphoma arising from the anterior commissure and the adjacent epiglottis. Work‐ups including a staging laparotomy were negative. Irradiation of 4,400 rads to the larynx was given. The patient was disease‐free 3 1/2 years after diagnosis.
Evaluation of the results of three different methods of postmastectomy lymphedema treatment
Authors: Zanolla R. , Monzeglio C. , Balzarini A. , Martino G.
Published: February 2007

The aim of this study was to evaluate the following methods of postmastectomy lymphedema treatment: pneumatic massage with uniform pressure, pneumatic massage with differentiated pressure, and manual lymphatic massage. The study concerned three groups of 20 mastectomized patients with secondary early developed arm lymphedema. The measurement of circumference on seven points of both arms, the self‐scoring mood questionnaire, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) were evaluated before, at the end, and 3 months after the treatment. We observed a permanent edema reduction, which was statistically significant, with uniform pressure pneumatic massage and with manual lymphatic massage, but not with differentiated pneumatic massage. The VAS and the self‐scoring mood questionnaire made from measuring the subjective ratings of the patients confirmed the objective evaluations.
Treatment of breast carcinoma recurrent after adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy
Authors: Rabadi Sami J. , Haid Max , Scanlon Edward F. , Khandekar Janardan D. , Caprini Joseph A. , Oviedo Miguel A. , Cunningham Myles P. , Grizenko Kerry K. , Cohen Eli
Published: February 2007

Between July 1975 and June 1979, 194 patients with State II or III breast carcinoma were randomized to receive either L‐phenylalanine mustard (L‐PAM), cyclophosphamide and 5‐fluorouracil and prednisolone (CFP), or CFP and BCG. Sixty‐one patients have recurred despite the adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy trial. Fifty‐three are evaluable for survival and 36 for response to chemo‐hormonal therapy. Those treated with a chemo‐hormonal regimen for their first recurrence exhibited a 53% objective response rate to cytotoxic therapy or a 35% response to hormonal therapy. Prior exposure to L‐PAM, cyclophosphamide, or 5‐fluorouracil did not preclude response to ‘salvage’ therapy regimens containing those agents. Neither menopausal status, estrogen receptor content, size of the primary tumor, adjuvant treatment, nor extent of the recurrence had any effect on subsequent survival. Overall, the entire group exhibitied median survival of 37 months from initial diagnosis and 13 months from recurrence. Unlike recurrent Hodgkin's disease, there was no demonstrable relationship between the length of the disease‐free interval and the likelihood of subsequent response to cytotoxic or hormonal treatment. Comparison is made to the results of ‘salvage’ therapy administered after three other large adjuvant treatment series.
The effect of 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine (DMH) carcinogenesis on peripheral T cell subsets in the wistar furth rat
Authors: Ross Donald S. , Steele Glenn , Rodrick Mary L. , Milford Edgar , Bleday Ronald S. , Lahey Stephen J. , Deasy Joseph M. , Rayner Anthony A. , Wilson Richard E.
Published: February 2007

1,2‐dimethylhydrazine (DMH)‐induced colon cancer in Wistar/Furth (W/Fu) rats is analogous in many ways to human colorectal cancer. As part of our attempt to understand the immunobiology of these tumors, we have utilized the recently available monoclonal antibodies W3/25 and OX8 to monitor helper (Th) and suppressor (Ts) lymphocyte subpopulations. Normal untreated male W/Fu rats of less than 1 year of age were pheno‐typed (n = 43). The mean percentage of Th and Ts was 42 ± 1 (mean = SEM) and 33 ± 1, respectively. The mean Th/Ts ratio was 1.3 ± 0.1. A Th/Ts equal to or greater than 1 is considered ‘normal’ in the W/Fu rat. The DMH‐treated rats (20 mg/kg/wk) were evaluated in initial experiments at various intervals after treatment. Rats studied 24 hours after a single DMH injection had no alterations in T cell subsets. Rats studied 28, 32, and 65 weeks after the start of 16 weekly DMH injections were found to have a decrease in the percentage of Th and a relative increase in Ts, with Th/Ts ratios of 0.6 ± 0.2, 0.7 ± 0.1, and 0.7 ± 0.1, respectively (each P < 0.01). In a separate experiment in which rats were studied after 4, 8, and 16 weeks of DMH injections, no alterations in T cell subsets were noted. Rats (n = 5) studied at 20 weeks after the start of DMH were found to have 41 ± 3% Th and 36 ± 2% Ts and a Th/Ts ratio of 1.2 ± 0.1. Three of five rats were found to have adenocarcinomas. Four of five rats had Th/Ts less than 1. One rat with Th/Ts equal to 0.9 had metastatic disease. Rats studied at 25 weeks (n = 8) were found to have more advanced carcinomas (4/8) that were causing obstruction or bleeding in the animal. There was a significant decrease in Th and Ts in this group, with 24 ± 3% and 26 ± 3% respectively (P < 0.001). The Th/Ts ratio for this group was 0.9 ± 0.1 (P < 0.01). In other experiments, rats were treated with DMH or placebo over a 16‐week period and serially bled during and after treatment. No effect of DMH treatment on T cell subsets was noted. Repeated bleeding alone was noted to cause persistent alterations of T cell subpopulation. In conclusion, DMH treatment does not appear to cause changes in peripheral T cell subset changes prior to the onset of tumor development. Even when small tumors are present, the proportions of Th and Ts are normal unless the animals are bleeding or are obstructed. Likewise, animals with metastatic disease appeared to have T cell population changes. It may be that DMH causes changes in local, ie, gut associated lymphoid tissue that may be causally related to tumor development. This possibility is currently under investigation.
Influence of a reticuloendothelial‐suppressing agent on liver tumor growth in the rat
Authors: Rydén Stefan , Bergqvist Lennart , Hafström Larsolof , Hultberg Björn , Stenram Unne , Strand Sven‐Erik
Published: February 2007

Reticuloendothelial (RE) function was evaluated by measuring the biokinetics of a standardized 99Tcm‐sulphur colloid. Methyl palmitate was administered intravenously on two consecutive days. A statistically significant reduction in the colloid uptake rate of the liver was registered after methyl palmitate administration. Histological examination revealed no signs of destruction of RE cells or microembolization. Inoculation of an experimental nitrosoguanidine‐induced transplantable adenocarcinoma to the liver was performed in 16 rats one day after methyl palmitate administration and in 16 controls. Tumor size was significantly larger in methylpalmitate‐treated animals at 7 and 14 days after inoculation. Survival was significantly decreased in methyl‐palmitate‐treated rats. These rats showed signs of fatty vacuolization and necrosis of liver parenchyma earlier than controls. Analyses of β‐hexosaminidase and lactate dehydrogenase revealed no deviation of enzyme levels either before or after tumor inoculation. The results indicate that a temporary suppression of RE function at the time of tumor inoculation may influence subsequent tumor growth.
Ovarian teratoma with peritoneal and lymph node metastases of mature glial tissue: A benign condition
Authors: Shafie M. El , Furay Richard W. , Chablani L. V.
Published: February 2007

The presence of widespread intraperitoneal metastases in patients with ovarian tumors usually indicates advanced disease. However, this is not always the case. A rare type of ovarian tumor, ie, mature solid teratoma, may be associated with intraabdominal metastases of mature glial tissue (gliomatosis peritonei). In spite of such metastases, the prognosis in patients with this tumor is excellent, regardless of the mode of therapy. In these patients radical surgical treatment, eg, bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy, is unnecessarily destructive, and therapy for the metastases is not required.
Tumor embolism as the first manifestation of cancer
Authors: Burchard Kenneth W. , Carney Wilfred I.
Published: February 2007

Major tumor emboli (obstructing segmental or larger branches of the pulmonary artery) are a rare mechanism of spread of cancer to the lungs. Less frequently are tumor emboli the cause of respiratory failure and death. The present case of major tumor embolism as the initial manifestation of cancer is unusual for the chronicity, documentation of recurrence, and tissue pathology encountered. In retrospect, we can describe clues which may arouse suspicion of tumor embolism in future cases.
Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the breast: IV. prognosis according to extent of involvement of the axillary lymph nodes
Authors: Lee Yeu‐Tsu N.(Margaret) , Chan Linda S.
Published: February 2007

This is a retrospective study of 462 patients who had masectomy and axillary dissection for carcinoma of the breast during 1971‐1980. Actuarial analysis of relapse rates up to 5 years showed that the extent of involvement of axillary lymph nodes was the most important prognostic factor. Among patients without any axillary metastasis, those with tumor smaller than 2 cm, colloid, or other less common carcinomas had significantly better prognosis than those with other lesions. Patients younger than 45 years old had higher relapse rate. Among patients with four or more positive axillary nodes, those with tumors smaller than 9 cm or those with nine or fewer positive nodes also had lower relapse rate than those with larger tumors or more positive nodes. Adjuvant systemic chemotherapy has improved the prognosis of patients with four or more positive nodes. Our findings are discussed and compared to those reported in the literature.
The management of cardiac tamponade in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Bitran Jacob D. , Evans Richard , Brown Charles
Published: February 2007

Six patients with disseminated breast cancer and cardiac tamponade were treated with a pleuropericardial window and in four patients with systemic chemotherapy. The median survival of these six patients was 17 months (range 1‐50 months). These results indicate that aggressive therapy in patients with cardiac tamponade and breast cancer can lead to prolonged survivals.
Multilocular cyst of the kidney: A case report
Authors: Eisenkraft Shimon , Englander Lenore , Wolf Richard M. , Huben Robert P. , Pontes J. Edson
Published: February 2007

A 69‐year‐old female was referred to Roswell Park Memorial Institute for management of a right hdney tumor. Her evaluation included excretory urography, ultrasound, computerized axial tomography (CT scan), and selective renal angiography. Fine needle aspiration cytology was felt to be consistent with primary renal cell carcinoma. In spite of the radiological appearance of a benign lesion, a right radical nephrectomy was performed because of the positive cytology on fine needle aspiration. The pathological diagnosis was a solitary multilocular cyst of the kidney.
Treatment of superficial bladder tumors in a controlled trial with Thio‐TEPA versus adriamycin
Authors: Horn Yoav , Eidelman Abraham , Walach Natalio , Yuval Eliahou , Markowitz Amira
Published: February 2007

Forty‐six patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were randomized into two groups. Thio‐TEPA or adriamycin were instilled periodically into the bladder and cystoscopic follow up was carried out. Both thio‐TEPA and adriamycin proved to have similar efficacy in delaying tumor recurrence. Further investigations to establish better dose and interval schedules are indicated.
Obstructive jaundice caused by hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Joehl Raymond J. , Abt Arthur B.
Published: February 2007

Hepatocellular carcinoma can be complicated by obstructive jaundice with tumor growing into the extrahepatic bile duct. This complication is an autopsy finding in most reported cases and, rarely, is recognized ante mortem. We report two patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who presented initially with obstructive jaundice. Clotted blood and tumor, which caused bile duct obstruction, was removed operatively and the biliary tract was drained in both patients. We conclude that 1) blood clot and fleshy debris removed from the common bile duct at operation for obstructive jaundice suggests the possibility of hepatocellular carcinoma; 2) the differential diagnosis of jaundice and fever in patients known to have hepatocellular carcinoma should include intrabiliary tumor causing obstruction and cholangitis; and 3) the association of obstructive jaundice and hepatocellular carcinoma may occur more often than previously recognized.
Fibromyxomatous pseudotumor of the scrotum
Authors: Sarma Deba P. , Weilbaecher Thomas G. , Wiener Marshall
Published: February 2007

An unusual scrotal mass occurring in a 72‐year‐old man is described. Clinically and grossly, the lesion appeared to be a neoplasm. However, microscopically the mass was composed of fibromyxomatous tissue that appeared to be degenerative rather than neoplastic in nature.
Blood transfusion and disease‐free survival in carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Nowak Michael M. , Ponsky Jeffrey L.
Published: February 2007

A retrospective study was undertaken to determine the effect of perioperative blood transfusion on disease‐free survival rates in patients with carcinoma of the breast. The charts of 81 patients participating in a NSABP breast cancer protocol at The Mt. Sinai Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, were reviewed. There was no statistically significant difference in disease‐free survival between those patients receiving blood transfusions and those that did not when considering the entire group of patients or subgroups based upon age, nodal status, estrogen receptor status, or progesterone receptor status. However, the subgroup of patients receiving tamoxifen chemotherapy, especially those with positive estrogen receptors, had significantly reduced disease‐free survival (P < .05) when given blood transfusions. These results suggest an adverse effect of blood transfusion on disease‐free survival in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen chemotherapy.
The role of post‐operative radiation therapy in the treatment of malignant tumors of the parotid gland
Authors: Imperato Joseph P. , Weichselbaum Ralph R. , Ervin Thomas J.
Published: February 2007

Twenty‐nine patients treated with postoperative radiotherapy for malignant tumors of the parotid gland were reviewed at the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy. Most patients were treated between 5,000 and 6,500 rad. All were treated because of microscopic residual disease, extra capsular extension, or tumor close to the facial nerve. The overall results showed one in‐field failure, two marginal recurrences, and eight patients failed distantly. Poor prognostic factors included high‐grade, extracapsular extension, and nodal involvement. We conclude that patients with malignant tumors of the parotid should be treated with postoperative radiation therapy if any of the bad prognostic signs are present. This may enable the surgeon to spare the facial nerve and obtain local control results equal to or better than more radical surgical procedures.
Tissue effects of neodymium: Yag laser photo‐radiation of canine ureters
Authors: Smith Joseph A. , Lee Randall G. , Dixon John A.
Published: February 2007

Although the entire ureter and renal collecting system are accessible for endoscopic treatment with a neodymium:YAG, (Nd:YAG) laser, specifications for safe laser application within the ureter are not established. After various doses of Nd:YAG laser energy were delivered, the midureters of six mongrel dogs were studied to determine tissue effects. Doses which are appropriate within the bladder (35 watts × 2 seconds) resulted in perforation and urine leak from the ureters. Higher doses (60‐65 watts) of short duration were tolerated without problems and nonstrictured healing ensued. Further studies are necesssary before Nd:YAG laser treatment of mid‐ureteral tumors is recommended.
Immune capability of rats with colorectal carcinoma treated by resection with or without 5‐fluorouracil or levamisole
Authors: House A. K. , Maley M. A. L.
Published: February 2007

The immune status of rats with chemically induced colorectal tumors was investigated for 8 weeks following treatment by resection, resection plus 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU), and resection plus levamisole. Normal rats without tumors were given identical treatment and acted as controls.

Tumor rats regained their ability to respond to an allograft of allogeneic lymphocytes after surgical excision of the tumor for a short period. Adjuvant Levamisole treatment enhanced this responsiveness, but adjuvant 5‐FU depressed it.

The spleen and lymph node cells of tumor‐bearing rats showed greater spontaneous and PHA‐induced cytotoxicity for chicken red blood cells than control rats (P<0.001), and adjuvant therapy did not alter this response. However in control animals, levamisole treatment did augment the antibody‐dependent cytotoxicity of their spleen and lymph node cells. Rats receiving tumor resection alone were immune by leukocyte migration inhibition at 8 weeks only, while those receiving either adjuvant exhibited an immune response to the same homogenate for 4 and 8 weeks.
Scalp metastases as the initial presentation of malignant fibrous histiocytoma
Authors: Chen Karl T. K.
Published: February 2007

A rare case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the retroperitoneum with scalp metastases as the initial presentation is described. The scalp lesions were mistaken for atypical schwannomas, however subsequent investigation revealed a large retroperitoneal tumor and multiple hepatic and pulmonary metastases.
Partial colon resection as a promotor of cancer growth in the rat
Authors: Rubio C. A. , Nylander G. , Wallin B. , Sveander M. , Alun M.‐L. , Duvander A.
Published: February 2007

Sprague‐Dawley rats were treated with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) once a week for three months. After a treatment‐free period of five months, they were subjected to minimal colon resection with an end‐to‐end anastomosis. Autopsy (one year after the discontinuation of DMH treatment, and seven months after surgery) demonstrated anastomotic tumors in 50% of the animals. Conclusions were that the carcinogen had induced genetic changes in the nonmigrating stem cells in the colonic crypts and that the chronic reparative process resulting from surgical trauma may have promoted colonic cells to induce tumors at the suture line.
Squamous carcinoma arising in a pilonidal sinus
Authors: Lineaweaver W. C. , Brunson M. B. , Smith J. F. , Franzini D. A. , Rumley T. O.
Published: February 2007

A patient with squamous cell carcinoma arising from an extensive pilonidal sinus was treated with wide local excision, resulting in an apparent cure over a 1‐year follow‐up period. Review of the literature revealed 32 previously reported cases of this entity. Forty‐four percent of these patients developed recurrences or metastases, and 22% died of their disease. The largest historical treatment group with at least 1‐year follow‐up (19 patients with localized disease) underwent wide excision. Forty‐two percent of these patients recurred or developed metastases. Ultimately, 89.5% of these patients were reported cured, but only five survivors were followed for as long as 5 years. Historical experience appears to identify pilonidal tract squamous carcinoma as an aggressive tumor. The reported success of wide local excision is based on a small number of patients followed for short periods of time. Continued experience with this disease should be reported to verify the adequacy of local excision or identify the need for adjunctive therapy.
A complication of the implantable constant infusion chemotherapy pump
Authors: Pietrafitta Joseph J.
Published: February 2007

The treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer to the liver has been a significant problem for clinicians in the past. Recent technical advances in infusion systems in the form of the infusaid pump has allowed delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to the liver with great reliability. As more chemotherapy pumps are implanted, undoubtedly, new and unusual complications will occur. This report centers on a patient who developed a disrupted catheter secondary to a high pressure side port injection. It includes a description of the complication, how it occurred, was recognized, and corrected. This report will, hopefully, save other clinicians from encountering similar complications in any of their patients.
Veno‐occlusive liver disease after dacarbazine therapy (DTIC) for melanoma
Authors: Erichsen Christian , Jönsson Per‐Ebbe
Published: February 2007

A case of veno‐occlusive disease of the liver with fatal outcome after dacarbazine (DTIC) therapy for melanoma is reported. There was a fulminant clinical course from start of symptoms until death. At autopsy the liver was enlarged and firm with signs of venous congestion. Small and medium‐sized hepatic veins were blocked by thrombosis. Eosinophilic infiltrations were found around the vessels. Published cases from the literature are reviewed and pertinent features discussed.
Ovarian androblastoma metastatic to tonsil
Authors: Bychkov Vladimir , Ghosh Luna , Lundine Mark , Manaligod Jose R. , McQuire William P. , Rose Christopher
Published: February 2007

Structural pattern of a tonsillar tumor found in a 67‐year‐old female was similar to a small ovarian androblastoma diagnosed histologically 61/2 years earlier. Electron microscopic study of the tonsillar mass revealed crystalloid structures suggestive of the Leydig cell origin of the tumor. After tonsillectomy, there was no local recurrence of the tumor, but the patient died a year later of multiple metastases. There appeared to be no previous reports of ovarian tumors metastatic to tonsil, and malignant androblastomas of the Leydig cell type are extremely rare.
Radiation therapy of seminoma of the testis
Authors: Jose Baby , Lee Perkins P. , Kays Howard , Chu Ann M. , Sharma Subhash C.
Published: February 2007

This study is a review of 66 patients with a diagnosis of testicular seminoma, treated at the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, from 1959 to 1978. Sixty‐four of the patients were diagnosed as pure seminomas and two as spermatocytic type. The age of the patients ranged from 16 to 75 years with a median of 39. Fifty‐four patients (82%) presented with swelling or mass in the testis, 7 patients with pain, 1 patient with hydrocele, and 4 patients had seminoma diagnosed incidentally. The distribution was equal for both right and left sides. There were 39 (59%) and 27 (41%) patients in stages I and II, respectively. All stage I patients received only infradiaphragmatic irradiation by a “hockey stick” field, and the majority of them received a dose of 3,200 – 3,600 rads in 3–4 weeks time. Stage II patients received elective irradiation to the mediastinum and neck region, in addition to the infradiaphragmatic irradiation. The 5‐year actuarial survival rates for stage I and II seminomas are 96% and 92%, respectively. There were no serious complications during follow‐up. The role of elective irradiation in stage I disease is discussed with a brief review of the literature.
Relationship between lymphocytic cytotoxicity and phytohemagglutinin‐lnduced lymphoblastogenesis before and after surgical tumor excision: An experimental study
Authors: Yamamoto Satoru , Sakata Kazuki , Kunieda Tokuro , Saji Shigetoyo , Tanemura Hiromi , Takekoshi Tomoharu , Sugiyama Yasuyuki
Published: February 2007

Experimental study was performed on changes in lymphocytic cytotoxicity and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)‐lymphoblastogenesis after surgical tumor excision and on a possibility of estimating antitumor immunocompetence based on the latter parameter, using 3‐methyl‐cholanthrene‐induced mammary cancer, MRMT‐1, of SD rats. When the tumor was excised at 2 weeks after inoculation, cytotoxicity showed, after a transient rise, a marked reduction at 4 weeks postoperatively in the cases of postoperative negative metastasis, while it showed a high peak at 3 weeks postoperatively, followed by a sharp descent, in the cases of postoperative positive metastasis. On the other hand, PHA‐lymphoblastogenesis was found to recover a relatively high level postoperatively, in the cases of both negative and positive metastases. It appears to be difficult to estimate specific cytotoxicity from PHA‐blastogenesis, but both are useful, in complementary fashion, to estimate the antitumor immunocompetence.
Analysis of pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: O'Brien Paul H. , Mincey Kenneth H.
Published: February 2007

Between 1956 and 1982, there were 55 pancreatoduodenectomies performed at the Medical University of South Carolina by 19 different surgeons. There were 26 resections for adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas and 16 resections for carcinoma of the ampulla of vater, carcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary ducts, and carcinoma of the duodenum. There were seven resections for chronic pancreatitis. There were two resections for trauma and three resections in the (1960s) for carcinoma of the stomach. There was one resection for cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas. In the patients with carcinoma of the pancreas, resection was only performed when there was no gross evidence of extension beyond the parenchyma of the pancreas. Analysis of the resected specimen revealed 44% of the pancreatic carcinomas subsequently had positive lymph nodes. None of these patients became long‐term survivors. Failure of the pancreato‐jejunostomy was the most serious complication, occurring in 7 of 55 resections. There were no fistulas where a muscosal to mucosal anastamosis was performed to join the pancreas with the jejunum. The five‐year survival for all patients with carcinoma of the pancreas was 11.6%. The 3 five‐year survivors were from resections performed between 1956 and 1970. During these years, the mortality rate for the procedure was 21%. From 1970 to 1982 there were no five‐year survivors from carcinoma of the pancreas. However, the mortality rate was 10.6%. The history and current controversies over this surgical procedure are reviewed.
The mortality rate from lung metastases in animals inhaling nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
Authors: Richters Arnis , Richters Valda , Alley Wayne P.
Published: February 2007

A study was carried out to determine the interrelationship between the inhalation of nitrogen dioxide (0.4 ± 0.50 ppm), lung metastases development from circulating cancer cells, and death rate from such metastases. C57 BL/6J mice were used in these experiments. Animals were divided into control and NO2‐exposed groups, and were exposed to filtered air and 0.4 ppm of NO2, respectively. Following 12 weeks of exposure, all animals were infused intravenously with syngeneic, viable B16 melanoma cells. The results indicate that a subpopulation of NO2‐exposed animals showed a significant increase in mortality rate during the early part of the experiment. The interpretation is that animals especially sensitive to the NO2 insult developed extensive metastases at an early stage. The question raised is whether or not the progression of human cancer is influenced by the inhalation of noxious pollutants in the ambient atmosphere.
Desmoid tumor—review and follow‐up of ten cases
Authors: Shpitz Baruch , Siecal Annette , Witz Misha , Kaufman Zvi , Dinbar Alex
Published: February 2007

Ten cases of desmoid tumor, diagnosed, treated, and followed during the past 11 years, were reviewed and the patients reexamined. Two were up to 3 years, two up to 5 years, and four up to 11 years after excision. The remaining two patients were lost to follow‐up. The 10 patients included one male and nine females; six females were of childbearing age and three were postmenopausal. In four females the desmoid tumor was located near various surgical scars. In the one recurrent desmoid it was most probably related to both repeated traumatization of the abdominal wall due to pregnancies and hyperestrogenism. All the surgical margins of resection were microscopically involved by the process. An open liver biopsy, performed simultaneously with the excision of the recurrent desmoid, showed benign nodular hyperplasia compatible with hyperestrogenism. Estrogen and progesterone receptors of this desmoid were negative. In this present series follow‐up revealed, in contrast to general agreement, that in spite of incomplete excision, the recurrence rate was low. We suggest that the surgical approach to desmoid tumors could be less radical, except possibly for lesions in patients with multiple causative factors.
Multidisciplinary pretreatment cancer planning. The Roswell park memorial lecture, march 21, 1984, Roswell park memorial institute, Buffalo, New York
Authors: Moore Condict
Published: February 2007

One can estimate that 60% or more of cancer patients stand to benefit from the multidisciplinary treatment of cancer. Different treatments given in sequence mean real benefit in terms of absolute cure or length of disease‐free life for many. While the details of treatment techniques can usually be worked out for each patient in expert fashion, the process of planning to fit the three main modalities together into a single plan presents complex problems. To obtain optimum results someone must assemble and coordinate the opinions of the oncologists who are consulted in each case; and someone must do it before treatment begins. Benefit is significantly reduced if the planning process is delayed until recurrence occurs. Those who act as primary physicians in caring for cancer patients have a newly defined major role to play: they must select the oncology team, coordinate the various opinions, and continue to supervise the course of the cancer throughout in order that the patients receive the best care. When a physician prepares for, and accepts, this role of leader‐coordinator, and outlines in broad general terms a properly integrated plan from the first, details of therapy fall easily into place.
A reevaluation of bone scans in breast cancer
Authors: Bradley Hayward R. , Frazier Thomas G.
Published: February 2007

A retrospective analysis of 151 patients with breast cancer over 2 years was performed to assess laboratory values as predictors of metastatic disease demonstrated by technecium‐99 bone scan. In 105 patients with normal alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) values, only one positive bone scan (0.95%) was obtained. If either the AP or LDH value was abnormal, 15 of 29 scans (51.7%) were positive. If both values were abnormal, six of nine patients (66.7%) had positive bone scans. Of 41 patients with either an elevated AP or LDH, 26 (63.4%) were shown to have metastatic breast disease. In our subgroup of 120 consecutive admissions for primary evaluation and treatment of breast cancer, the 95 patients with normal AP and LDH values had 41 negative bone scans and no evidence of distant metastases in any patient. According to these results, we recommend that breast cancer metastatic screening be done by alkaline phosphatase and LDH determinations, and that isotope scans should be reserved for those patients having normal values or symptoms that suggest metastases.