bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asymmetrically Coordinated Cu Dual‐Atom‐Sites Enables Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethanol
Authors: Chen Changli , Sun Zhiyi , Qin Gangzhi , Wang Bingchao , Liu Minggang , Liang Qingru , Li Xinyu , Pang Runzhuo , Guo Yingshu , Li Yujing , Chen Wenxing
Published: October 2024

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2RR) to value‐added liquid fuels is a highly attractive solution for carbon‐neutral recycling, especially for C2+ products. However, the selectivity control to preferable products is a great challenge due to the complex multi‐electron proton transfer process. In this work, a series of Cu atomic dispersed catalysts are synthesized by regulating the coordination structures to optimize the CO2RR selectivity. Cu2‐SNC catalyst with a uniquely asymmetrical coordinated CuN2‐CuNS site shows high ethanol selective with the FE of 62.6% at −0.8 V versus RHE and 60.2% at 0.9 V versus RHE in H‐Cell and Flow‐Cell test, respectively. Besides, the nest‐like structure of Cu2‐SNC is beneficial to the mass transfer process and the selection of catalytic products. In situ experiments and theory calculations reveal the reaction mechanisms of such high selectivity of ethanol. The S atoms weaken the bonding ability of the adjacent Cu to the carbon atom, which accelerates the selection from *CHCOH to generate *CHCHOH, resulting in the high selectivity of ethanol. This work indicates a promising strategy in the rational design of asymmetrically coordinated single, dual, or tri‐atom catalysts and provides a candidate material for CO2RR to produce ethanol.
Digital Fingerprinting of Complex Liquids Using a Reconfigurable Multi‐Sensor System with Foundation Models
Authors: Gabrieli Gianmarco , Manica Matteo , Cadow‐Gossweiler Joris , Ruch Patrick W.
Published: October 2024

Combining chemical sensor arrays with machine learning enables designing intelligent systems to perform complex sensing tasks and unveil properties that are not directly accessible through conventional analytical chemistry. However, personalized and portable sensor systems are typically unsuitable for the generation of extensive data sets, thereby limiting the ability to train large models in the chemical sensing realm. Foundation models have demonstrated unprecedented zero‐shot learning capabilities on various data structures and modalities, in particular for language and vision. Transfer learning from such models is explored by providing a framework to create effective data representations for chemical sensors and ultimately describe a novel, generalizable approach for AI‐assisted chemical sensing. The translation of signals produced by remarkably simple and portable multi‐sensor systems into visual fingerprints of liquid samples under test is demonstrated, and it is illustrated that how a pipeline incorporating pretrained vision models yields average classification accuracy in four unrelated chemical sensing tasks with limited domain‐specific training measurements. This approach matches or outperforms expert‐curated sensor signal features, thereby providing a generalization of data processing for ultimate ease‐of‐use and broad applicability to enable interpretation of multi‐signal outputs for generic sensing applications.
Red Quasars: Estimation of SMBH Spin, Mass, and Accretion Disk Inclination Angle
Authors: Piotrovich M. Yu. , Buliga S. D. , Natsvlishvili T. M.
Published: October 2024

We estimated values of spin, mass, and inclination angle for sample of 42 red quasars. Our estimations show that two objects: F2MS J1113+1244 and F2MS J1434+0935 with the highest Eddington ratios may have geometrically thick disk. Six objects: SDSS J0036‐0113, S82X 0040+0058, S82X 0118+0018, S82X 0303‐0115, FBQS J1227+3214, S82X 2328‐0028 may have “retrograde” rotation. Analysis of estimated spin values shows that red quasar population may contain Seyfert galaxies and NLS1.
Simulation of Interaction Between Proton‐Electron Plasma Beam and Arched Magnetic Field
Authors: Wang Fang‐Ping , Zhang Xiao‐Jing , Duan Wen‐Shan
Published: October 2024

The present study investigates the interaction between a proton‐electron plasma beam and an arched magnetic trap using the particle‐in‐cell (PIC) simulation method. The results show that when the magnetic field is sufficiently weak, the beam disrupts the arched magnetic field configuration, causing the breaking and reconnection of magnetic field lines. The relationships between the coil current threshold (the coil current at which the disruption of the magnetic induction just happens) and initial plasma velocity, and between the critical beam velocity (the plasma is just enough to reach the arched magnetic field) and coil current, are quantified. Additionally, the interaction between the beam and the arched magnetic field is observed to induce microwave excitation. These findings lay the foundation for theoretically simulating the dynamic behavior of space plasma in a unique magnetic field environment within a laboratory setting.
The ladder of disproportionate policy
Authors: Maor Moshe
Published: October 2024

Disproportionate policy responses—policy over‐ and underreaction—are ubiquitous in policy affairs, yet detecting their full spectrum remains uncharted territory. To this end, I developed a descriptive‐analytical framework centering on a novel conceptual tool, the Ladder of Disproportionate Policy, based on assessing the gap between the scope of the audience that the policy ostensibly serves and the degree of policy (mis)fit, that is, how the policy tools are set and adjusted to serve the actual audience. This scale assumes that policymakers can “game” these two policy dimensions before and during policy implementation. Political executives can climb up and down this conceptual Ladder and ascend or descend one dimension independently of the other in addition to moving from one side to the other. The case of the 2021 food voucher policy in Israel illustrates the feasibility of the Ladder.
Fixing the Housing Stock—One House at a Time
Authors: Johnson Katherine
Published: October 2024

The American housing stock is in bad condition. According to the National Association for State Community Services Programs (NASCSP), more than 30 percent, or 38.6 million households, qualify for weatherization assistance provided through the Department of Energy (DOE) Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP). However, WAP only served 35,000 low‐income homeowners in 2018, and despite the infusion of funds from the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), the funding will not be enough to serve these Americans.
Testicular large B‐cell lymphoma is genetically similar to PCNSL and distinct from nodal DLBCL
Authors: Rivas‐Delgado Alfredo , López Cristina , Clot Guillem , Nadeu Ferran , Grau Marta , Frigola Gerard , Bosch‐Schips Jan , Radke Josefine , Ishaque Naveed , Alcoceba Miguel , Tapia Gustavo , Luizaga Luis , Barcena Carmen , Kelleher Nicholas , Villamor Neus , Baumann Tycho , Muntañola Ana , Sancho‐Cia Juan M. , García‐Sancho Alejandro M. , Gonzalez‐Barca Eva , Matutes Estella , Brito Jordi A. , Karube Kennosuke , Salaverria Itziar , Enjuanes Anna , Wiemann Stefan , Heppner Frank L. , Siebert Reiner , Climent Fina , Campo Elías , Giné Eva , López‐Guillermo Armando , Beà Silvia
Published: October 2024

Testicular large B‐cell lymphoma (TLBCL) is an infrequent and aggressive lymphoma arising in an immune‐privileged site and has recently been recognized as a distinct entity from diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We describe the genetic features of TLBCL and compare them with published series of nodal DLBCL and primary large B‐cell lymphomas of the CNS (PCNSL). We collected 61 patients with TLBCL. We performed targeted next‐generation sequencing, copy number arrays, and fluorescent in situ hybridization to assess chromosomal rearrangements in 40 cases with available material. Seventy percent of the cases showed localized stages. BCL6 rearrangements were detected in 36% of cases, and no concomitant BCL2 and MYC rearrangements were found. TLBCL had fewer copy number alterations (p < 0.04) but more somatic variants (p < 0.02) than nodal DLBCL and had more frequent 18q21.32‐q23 (BCL2) gains and 6q and 9p21.3 (CDKN2A/B) deletions. PIM1, MYD88L265P, CD79B, TBL1XR1, MEF2B, CIITA, EP300, and ETV6 mutations were more frequent in TLBCL, and BCL10 mutations in nodal DLBCL. There were no major genetic differences between TLBCL and PCNSL. Localized or disseminated TLBCL displayed similar genomic profiles. Using LymphGen, the majority of cases were classified as MCD. However, we observed a subgroup of patients classified as BN2, both in localized and disseminated TLBCL, suggesting a degree of genetic heterogeneity in the TLBCL genetic profile. TLBCL has a distinctive genetic profile similar to PCNSL, supporting its recognition as a separate entity from DLBCL and might provide information to devise targeted therapeutic approaches.
Road traffic injury among elderly people and its determinant factors: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Azami‐Aghdash Saber , Derakhshani Naser , Kalajahi Riaz Alaei , Samei Behrouz , Rezapour Ramin
Published: October 2024

Background and aims

Injuries from Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs), particularly among vulnerable groups such as the elderly, are considered a significant public health concern. The aim of this study was to show epidemiology of RTIs among the elderly people in the Eastern Azerbaijan province of Iran.

Method

This cross‐sectional study included all patients over 60 years old who admitted to the Shohada Hospital from 2006 to 2016. Data were extracted from the Hospital Information System. Injuries types were classified based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐10). Descriptive statistics (Mean, median and frequency) and inferential statistics (The Pearson Chi‐square test) were used for data analysis through SPSS‐24 software.

Results

A total of 3509 RTAs involving patients over 60 years old from 2006 to 2016. These traffic‐related injuries comprised 15% of all recorded injuries (23,321 cases). The mean age of the patients was 69.91 ± 7.61 years, with a predominant male representation (2324 patients, 64.74%). The median Length of Stay (LOS) in hospital was 3 days. Injuries most commonly affected the knee and lower leg regions (27.5%). The most frequent types of accidents were those involving car passengers (40.47%) and pedestrians (36.33%). The majority of RTAs occurred during the summer season. There was a significant difference in the rate of RTAs based on variables such as sex, age, season, and LOS (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The study highlights traffic‐related injuries among the elderly, mostly affecting the knee and lower leg regions, especially during the summer season. The efforts should include enhancing safety measures for car passengers and pedestrians, particularly during the high‐risk summer months. Also, it emphasizes the need for public transportation to improve safety for older people due to lower accident rates and senior‐friendly features.
Investigation of the causal relationship between cholelithiasis and Parkinson's disease: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yang Zijiao , Song Chengfu , Lu Chong
Published: October 2024

Background

Parkinson's disease (PD) and cholelithiasis are a huge public health burden. Although observational studies have suggested a potential link between PD and cholelithiasis, the causal relationship between the two remains uncertain. To address this gap, we performed a two‐sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis using genetic tools.

Method

Genome‐wide association study summary statistics for all traits were obtained from publicly available databases. We used strict control steps in instrumental variable selection to screen for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from summary‐level genome‐wide association studies. In addition, all F‐statistics were >10, indicating no weak instrumental bias. The inverse variance weighting (IVW) method was the primary method used to assess causal associations. Four other MR methods (MR‐Egger, Weighted Median, Simple mode, and Weighted mode) were also used to complement IVW. Various sensitivity tests were also performed to assess reliability: (1) Cochrane's Q test for assessing heterogeneity, (2) MR‐Egger intercept test and MR‐PRESSO global test for assessing horizontal multiplicity, and (3) leave‐one‐out sensitivity test for determining stability.

Results

We selected a total of 30 SNPs as instrumental variables. It was demonstrated that cholelithiasis had a causal effect on the risk of PD (OR = 1.146, 95% CI: 1.062–1.236, p < 0.001) in IVW method.

Conclusion

The results of our analysis revealed an increased risk effect of cholelithiasis against PD, which may give light on new approaches to PD prevention and therapy.
Randomized control trial comparing genetic counseling service delivery models in an underserved population
Authors: Lahiri Sayoni , Mersch Jacqueline , Zimmerman John , Mauer Hall Caitlin , Moriarty Kelsey , Gemmell Amber , Lee MinJae , Clark Cheyla , Luong Michelle , Stokes Caroline , Romano Kathryn , James Cynthia A. , Pirzadeh‐Miller Sara
Published: October 2024

This randomized controlled trial compares outcomes of telephone versus in‐person genetic counseling service models in underserved, bilingual patient populations referred for cancer genetic counseling. Between 2022 and 2023, a two‐arm (telephone vs. in‐person genetic counseling) prospective, randomized controlled study with 201 participants was conducted at two county hospital cancer genetics clinics. Primary outcomes included comparison of pre‐ and post‐genetic counseling genetics knowledge (Multi‐dimensional Model of Informed Choice, MMIC), genetic counseling visit satisfaction (Genetic Counseling Satisfaction Scale, GCSS), and genetic counseling visit completion rates. Secondary outcomes included comparison of genetic testing attitudes and informed choice (MMIC), genetic counseling‐specific empowerment (Genomic Outcomes Scale, GOS), and genetic testing completion and cancellation/failure rates, using linear regression models (significance ≤0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between arms in pre/post‐genetic counseling MMIC knowledge and attitude, GOS or GCSS scores or genetic counseling completion. While more participants in the telephone versus in‐person arm made an informed choice about testing (52.5% v. 39.0%, p = 0.0552), test completion was lower (74% v. 100%, p < 0.05) for this group. Genetic counseling completion rates and MMIC knowledge and attitude, GOS, and GCSS scores suggest telephone genetic counseling is comparable to in‐person genetic counseling for underserved populations. Higher informed choice scores and significantly lower testing completion rates for telephone visits require further study.
Myointimal hyperplasia of the mesenteric veins mimicking inflammatory bowel disease in a 13‐year‐old patient
Authors: Abuquteish Dua , Chami Rose , Chavhan Govind B. , Walters Thomas , Siddiqui Iram
Published: October 2024

Idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of the mesenteric veins (IMHMV) is a rare entity reported in adults, frequently mimicking inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We report the first case of intestinal ischemia secondary to IMHMV presenting as IBD in a pediatric patient with Down syndrome. Chronic intestinal ischemia is rare in children, and this case emphasizes the need to consider this in the differential, when histopathology is suggestive. Clinical findings and colonoscopy in these patients may mimic IBD. The mucosal biopsies do not show classic features of IBD. Instead, there can be variable extent of mucosal changes such as dilated small capillaries in the lamina propria, edema, and early fibrosis. These changes may in fact represent early chronic ischemia. These findings should alert for vascular imaging and a full‐thickness biopsy to assess submucosal and subserosal larger vessels since medium‐ and large‐caliber veins in the colonic wall and mesentery are affected in IMHMV.
The Impact of Sports Tourism Motivation on Tourist Loyalty: The Chain Mediation Effect of Experience Quality and Tourist Satisfaction
Authors: Deng Yiran , Wang Xianliang , Ma Chao
Published: October 2024

This study adopts the perspective of the social exchange theory and S‐O‐R theory, taking the emotional bond formed between tourists and the tourism destination through interaction as a starting point. It introduces experience quality and tourist satisfaction to construct a chain mediation model of “tourist motivation—experience quality—tourist satisfaction—tourist loyalty” in the context of sports tourism. A total of 497 valid samples were collected for the study, and the hypotheses proposed were tested using AMOS 24 software. The research results indicate that sports tourism motivation, experience quality, and tourist satisfaction all have significant positive effects on tourist loyalty. Experience quality and tourist satisfaction have both independent and chain mediation effects between sports tourism motivation and tourist satisfaction. Finally, this paper discusses the implications of the research findings for theory and practice, the limitations of the study, and future research directions.
Myelin water imaging of in vivo and ex vivo human brains using multi‐echo gradient echo at 3 T and 7 T
Authors: Xu Guojun , Zhao Zhiyong , Zhu Qinfeng , Zhu Keqing , Zhang Jing , Wu Dan
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To compare the myelin water fraction (MWF) measurements between 3 T and 7 T and between in vivo and ex vivo human brains, and to investigate the relationship between multi‐echo gradient‐echo (mGRE)‐based 3D MWF and myelin content using histological staining, which has not been validated in the human brain.

Methods

In this study, we performed 3D mGRE‐based MWF measurements on five ex vivo human brain hemispheres and five healthy volunteers at 3 T and 7 T with 1 mm isotropic resolution. The data were fitted with the based on a three compartment complex‐valued model to estimate MWF. We obtained myelin basic protein (MBP) staining from two tissue blocks and co‐registered the MWF map and histology image for voxel‐wise correlation between the two.

Results

The MWF values measured from 7 T were overall higher than 7 T, but data between the two field strength demonstrated high correlations both in vivo (r = 0.88) and ex vivo (r = 0.83) across 19 white matter regions. Moreover, the MWF measurements showed a good agreement between in vivo and ex vivo assessments at 3 T (r = 0.61) and 7 T (r = 0.54). Based on MBP staining, the MWF values exhibited strong positive correlations with myelin content on both 3 T (r = 0.68 and r = 0.78 for the two tissue blocks) and 7 T (r = 0.64 and r = 0.82 for the two tissue blocks).

Conclusion

The findings demonstrated that the mGRE‐based MWF mapping can be used to quantify myelin content in the human brain, despite the field‐strength dependency of the measurements.
Psychological well‐being and the reversal of childhood overweight and obesity in the UK: a longitudinal national cohort study
Authors: Putra I Gusti Ngurah Edi , Daly Michael , Robinson Eric
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study aimed to examine the prospective association between psychological well‐being and overweight and obesity reversal.

Methods

We analyzed data of UK children with overweight or obesity at ages 11 (n = 4556, baseline), 14 (n = 3791, baseline), and 17 years (follow‐up). Psychological well‐being‐related measures were characterized into indexes of caregiver‐reported child mental health and child‐reported psychosocial well‐being, with a higher score indicating better mental health or psychosocial well‐being. Weight changes were presented as reversal versus persistence of overweight or obesity and residualized‐change BMI z scores. Data were analyzed using regression analysis.

Results

Better child mental health and psychosocial well‐being at age 11 years were independently associated with increased odds of reversal versus persistence (odds ratio [OR] = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.29; OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.44, respectively) and decreased BMI z scores (β = −0.08, 95% CI: −0.13 to −0.03; β = −0.07, 95% CI: −0.11 to −0.03, respectively) at age 17 years. However, neither of the indexes was associated with weight changes when measured at age 14 years. Analyses between psychological well‐being‐related measures and timing of measures indicated that psychological well‐being‐related measures were more likely to prospectively predict weight changes when measured at age 11 versus age 14 years.

Conclusions

Better psychological well‐being at age 11 years is a prognostic factor that may be associated with an increased likelihood of reversing childhood overweight and obesity by age 17 years.
Effects of Adler's Theory‐Based nudge volunteer program on middle school students
Authors: Kim Eunae , Lee Jongeun
Published: October 2024

Adler emphasized social interest as a social adaptive lifestyle. The study used a nudge strategy to generate social interest in middle school students through a volunteer program. If student gets a good reward for volunteering, it can be a nudge naturally toward social interest. The dependent variables for the volunteer program as a nudge are inferiority complex, social interest, and game over‐immersion. Using convenience sampling, it was assigning 28 participants to two groups each. The experimental group participated in an intervention consisting of 9 sessions of 90 min each, once a week. Both groups were assessed before and after intervention and at a 4‐weeks follow‐up. Program effectiveness was analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. The results showed that it was a significant difference in inferiority complex between the experimental and control groups immediately after intervention, and that it was a strong difference in social interest and game over‐emersion both immediately after the experiment and 4 weeks later. Therefore, it proposes that volunteer programs to increase social interest and transition to a pro‐social lifestyle be included as a nudge in school extracurricular activities or curriculum.
Aquaculture growth and coastal tourism development in the context sustainable blue economy
Authors: Alsaleh Mohd , Wang Xiaohui
Published: October 2024

The primary objective of this research is to investigate the impact of increased aquaculture output on coastal tourism and blue growth in European Union developed countries (EU13) and European Union developing countries (EU14) from 1990 to 2023. Key findings were derived through the application of resilient least squares (RLS), two‐stage least squares (2SLS), and ordinary least squares (OLS) estimators, effectively addressing endogeneity concerns. The exact magnitudes of these results show that, in EU14 developed countries, the increase of aquaculture output seriously jeopardizes the sustainability of coastal tourism more so than in EU13 developing countries. In contrast, EU14 developed countries find that variables like as economic growth and institutional quality have a greater impact on improving coastal sustainable development than do EU13 countries. Moreover, the data shows that, in comparison to EU14 developed countries, the aquaculture sector in EU13 developing countries uses more fossil fuels than EU14 developed countries, which is the main driver of carbon dioxide emissions in coastal tourist areas. In light of these findings, the study recommends that policymakers give policies targeted at enhancing productivity and encouraging the environmentally friendly growth of aquaculture production top priority, particularly in the EU14 developed countries that have significant negative effects on the sustainable development of coastal tourism.
An Organic Acid‐Alkali Coregulated Ionic Liquid Electrolyte Enabling Wide‐Temperature‐Range Proton Battery
Authors: Ma Huige , Yang Mingsheng , Li Rui , Zheng Liping , Hao Yuxin , Li Hongwei , Li Mengxiao , Zhao Guoqing , Wang Zhihui , Wang Bei , Hu Mingjun , Yang Jun
Published: October 2024

The broad applications of rechargeable batteries urge people to develop alternative energy storage devices with sustainable resources, high capacity, long cycling life, and wide‐temperature operability. Aqueous proton batteries are considered as a state‐of‐the‐art energy storage system due to their intrinsic safety and low cost. However, aqueous electrolytes have a low boiling point and narrow electrochemical stability window, limiting their applications in wide‐temperature and high‐energy batteries. Herein, a hybrid organic ionic liquid electrolyte with organic alkali 1‐methyl‐1,2,4‐triazole (MTA) protonated by organic acid bis(trifluoromethysulfonyl)imide (HTFSI) as proton carriers and tetramethylene sulfone (TMS) as the solvent, noted as HTFSI‐MTA‐TMS, exhibited the stable electrochemical windows exceeding 5 V at −20 °C and 3.5 V at 80 °C. Benefiting from this electrolyte, the assembled MnO2‐S//MoO3 button proton full battery can display an operation voltage up to 1.8 V, energy density of 44.8 Wh kg−1, and good cycling stability at room temperature when bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide manganese (II) salt (Mn(TFSI)2) is introduced into the electrolyte, and run well in a wide‐temperature range (−20 °C–60 °C). The work reveals the potential of organic acid‐alkali coregulated electrolytes to meet the need of energy storage in a wide‐temperature range and will advance the development of high‐energy proton batteries.
Multi‐Bioinspired Fog Harvesting Structure with Asymmetric Surface for Hydrogen Revolution
Authors: Xie Mingzhu , Wang Xiaolong , Qian Zicheng , Zhan Ziheng , Xie Qihui , Wang Xiaowei , Shuai Yong , Wang Zhaolong
Published: October 2024

The urgent need for sustainable energy storage drives the fast development of diverse hydrogen production based on clean water resources. Herein, a unique type of multi‐bioinspired functional device (MFD) is reported with asymmetric wettability that combines the curvature gradient of cactus spines, the wetting gradient of lotus, and the slippery surface of Nepenthes alata for efficient fog harvesting. The precisely printed MFDs with microscale features, spanning dimensions, and a thin wall are endowed with asymmetric wettability to enable the Janus effects on their surfaces. Fog condenses on the superhydrophobic surface of the MFDs in the form of microdroplets and unidirectionally penetrates its interior due to the Janus effects, and drops onto the designated area with a better fog harvesting rate of 10.64 g cm−2 h−1. Most significantly, the collected clean water can be used for hydrogen production with excellent stability and durability. The findings demonstrate that safe, large‐scale, high‐performance water splitting and gas separation and collection with fog collection based on MFDs are possible.
Organic Salt Buffer Layer Enables High‐Performance NiOx‐Based Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Yun , Lian Qing , Ying Zhehan , Huang Yulan , Li Dongyang , Peng Ouwen , Wu Zhiyang , Amini Abbas , Wang Ning , Zhang Wei , Cheng Chun
Published: October 2024

The merits of a low‐cost fabrication process, suitable band structure, excellent wettability to perovskite precursor, and outstanding stability ensure NiOx as a hole transport material with beneficial characteristics to construct high‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, direct contact between perovskite and NiOx causes delamination and chemical instability and thus results in poor carrier transport and short device lifespan. Here, we propose a solution for this issue by introducing an organic salt additive 4‐(trifluoromethyl) benzylammonium formate (TFMBAFa) in the perovskite precursor to passivate perovskite film and NiOx@(2‐(3,6‐dimethyl‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl) ethyl) phosphonic acid (Me‐2PACz) composited hole transport layer (HTL), and thus construct a buffer layer between perovskite‐HTL interface. The effective diminishing of NiOx/perovskite interfacial reactions and defects results in enhanced carrier transport. Consequently, the target device achieves simultaneous improvements in power conversion efficiency (24.2%), storage stability (T100 > 1400 h), thermal stability (T80 > 1000 h), and operational stability (T70 > 850 h), where T100, T80, and T70 refer to the retention of 100%, 80%, and 70% of initial PCE, respectively. This work provides an effective strategy to advance the performance of NiOx‐based inverted PSCs.
Multi‐component coupling synergistic effect of resourced gold tailings on intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene
Authors: Wang Feiyue , Li Weixuan , Yan Long , Wang Wei
Published: October 2024

Addressing the challenge of resource utilization of gold tailings. A high performance flame‐retardant fillers (K‐GTF) were prepared from gold tailings (GTF) by coupling and condensation for application to intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene (PP). K‐GTF enhances the flame‐retardant, thermal stability, smoke suppression and mechanical properties of flame‐retardant PP through synergistic approach. The results show that K‐GTF demonstrates good flame‐retardant synergism, with PP composites containing 3% additive (PP/G3) exhibiting substantial flame‐retardant and smoke suppression characteristics. Notably, PP/G3 boasts a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 36.1%, which is substantially higher than the 33.6% LOI of the flame‐retardant PP without added K‐GTF (PP/G0). Furthermore, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), peak smoke production rate (PSPR), total heat release rate (THR), and total smoke production (TSP) of PP/G3 were decreased by 32.5%, 26.9%, 31.6%, and 21.5%, respectively, as compared to PP/G0. According to the synergistic mechanism analysis, K‐GTF exerts a multi‐component coupling synergistic effect, which promotes the production of phosphorus‐rich cross‐linking structures in flame‐retardant PP materials during the combustion, thereby promotes the formation of stable, dense and intumescent char to further enhances the flame‐retardant performance of the PP materials. In terms of mechanical effects, the introduction of K‐GTF alleviates the issue of a substantial decline in mechanical properties typically caused by flame retardants in PP materials. This indicates that K‐GTF improves the compatibility between the flame retardants and the PP matrix, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties of the flame‐retardant PP materials.

Highlights

Successfully synthesis a flame‐retardant synergist (K‐GTF).

K‐GTF has good synergistic flame‐retardant effect.

K‐GTF substantially enhances char formation and thermal stability of flame‐retardant PP.

K‐GTF exerts a multi‐component coupling synergistic effect.

K‐GTF enhances the compatibility between the PP matrix and the flame retardants.
What Happened to Gender-Intentional Participatory Research in Agriculture?
Authors: Ashby Jacqueline A.
Published: October 2024

The chapter analyzes the evolution of participatory research in agriculture and how gender and gender analysis have been used within it. In the late twentieth century, farmer participation in agricultural research was a strategy for social justice, to share power with the rural poor and organize them as a client base. However, feminist research in the 1990s noted that participatory research often reinforced gender norms in agriculture. In the 1980s participatory research was incorporated into the international agricultural research system. In the 1990s gender mainstreaming was adopted in the international centers. However, these science bureaucracies soon divorced gender and participatory research from any political engagement. Research managers saw participatory research, and gender analysis, as ways to design better farm technology, and ease its dissemination. By 2010, participatory plant breeding was widely adopted. In the early 2010s the system again became interested in gender equality. There is now a need for participatory research to become fully gender-intentional, to empower women and farming communities. The large-scale transformation of agriculture calls for a fundamental change in how research engages with its client base, among the rural poor.
Polyhedra with Hexagonal and Triangular Faces and Three Faces Around Each Vertex
Authors: Green Linda , Li Stellen
Published: October 2024

We analyze polyhedra composed of hexagons and triangles with three faces around each vertex, and their 3-regular planar graphs of edges and vertices, which we call “trihexes”. Trihexes are analogous to fullerenes, which are 3-regular planar graphs whose faces are all hexagons and pentagons. Every trihex can be represented as the quotient of a hexagonal tiling of the plane under a group of isometries generated by $$180^\circ $$

180
∘

rotations. Every trihex can also be described with either one or three “signatures”: triples of numbers that describe the arrangement of the rotocenters of these rotations. Simple arithmetic rules relate the three signatures that describe the same trihex. We obtain a bijection between trihexes and equivalence classes of signatures as defined by these rules. Labeling trihexes with signatures allows us to put bounds on the number of trihexes for a given number of vertices v in terms of the prime factorization of v and to prove a conjecture concerning trihexes that have no “belts” of hexagons.
Between world models and model worlds: on generality, agency, and worlding in machine learning
Authors: Mitrokhov Konstantin
Published: October 2024

The article offers a discursive account of what generality in machine learning research means and how it is constructed in the development of general artificial intelligence from the perspectives of cultural and media studies. I discuss several technical papers that outline novel architectures in machine learning and how they conceive of the “world”. The agency to learn and the learning curriculum are modulated through worlding (in the sense of setting up and unfolding of the world for artificial agents) in machine learning engineering. In recent computer science articles, large models trained on Internet-scale datasets are framed as general world simulators—despite their partiality, historicity, finite nature, and cultural specificity. I introduce the notion of “model worlds” to refer to composable interactive environments designed for the purpose of machine learning that partake in legitimising that claim. I discuss how large models are grounded through interaction in model worlds, arguing that model worlds mediate between the sheer scale of language models and their hypothetical capacity to generalise to new tasks and domains, rehashing the empiricist logic of “big data”. Further, I show that the emerging capacity of artificial agents to generalise redraws the epistemic boundary between artificial agents and their learning environments. Consequently, superficial statistics of language models and abstract action are made meaningful in distilled model worlds, giving rise to synthetic agency.
Pflegeheim als Ort aufsuchender Psychotherapie
Authors: Theißen Imke , Lindner Reinhard
Published: October 2024

Hintergrund

Hochaltrige im Pflegeheim lebende Patienten werden durch negative gesellschaftliche Altersstereotype und Mobilitätseinschränkungen weitestgehend strukturell von psychologischen Versorgungsangeboten ausgeschlossen. Das zeigt sich auch in der kaum vorhandenen Forschungslage zu Psychotherapie im Pflegeheim, obwohl es Hinweise darauf gibt, dass das Konzept der aufsuchenden Psychotherapie, sowohl verhaltenstherapeutisch als auch psychodynamisch, bei Hochaltrigen bereits Erfolge zeigt.

Fragestellung

Phänomenologische Erscheinungsform, Bedeutung und Probleme des Pflegeheims als Ort der aufsuchenden psychodynamischen Psychotherapie.

Material und Methode

Einzelprotokolle von 374 Sitzungen mit 10 Patienten in tiefenpsychologisch fundierter Psychotherapie und Arztbriefe. Auswertung mithilfe der inhaltsanalytischen Methode der Grounded Theory. Entwickelt wurden theoretische Aspekte der Erscheinungsform, Bedeutung und miteinhergehende Probleme des Pflegeheims in der Psychotherapie.

Ergebnisse

Das Pflegeheim erscheint psychotherapeutisch sowohl hinderlich als auch förderlich. Ein dynamisch verstehbarer Ort mit einer Vielzahl räumlicher Reize, organisatorischer Hürden und persönlicher Schwierigkeiten für den Therapeuten. Es zeigt sich ein Ort der Inszenierung und des therapeutischen Geschehens.

Schlussfolgerung

Psychotherapie im Pflegeheim ist möglich, muss aber sowohl organisatorisch als auch im therapeutischen Kontakt modifiziert stattfinden. Eine subjektive Auseinandersetzung ermöglicht einen Zugang zur Alterspsychotherapie, der durch gesellschaftliche Stigmatisierung erschwert ist.
Real-time ray transfer for lens flare rendering using sparse polynomials
Authors: Bodonyi Andrea , Csoba István , Kunkli Roland
Published: October 2024

While lens flares are often undesired artifacts of the imaging process, they are also essential for increasing the level of realism in video games and serve as a powerful artistic tool for photography and filmography. For these reasons, computationally reproducing lens flares has always received special attention. Due to the cost of analytical ray tracing, existing solutions are unable to simultaneously achieve the performance needed for real-time environments and retain the ability to simulate arbitrarily complex ghost shapes. Although polynomial optics has been successfully used to increase the efficiency of ray tracing in multiple rendering areas, no complete and validated solution exists that correctly models all aspects of lens flares. This paper presents our polynomial optics-based method for efficiently and accurately ray tracing lens flare ghosts. Our approach successfully models the shape, energy absorption, chromatic effects, and blocking of lens flare rays by partitioning the input domain into local fitting zones. We demonstrate that our model provides a considerable speedup and high accuracy compared to the analytical approach and achieves better fitting speed, output quality, and rendering performance than the naïve application of polynomial optics. The source code for our implementation is available on GitHub.
Beziehung, Konflikt und Struktur – die psychodynamische Grundlage der Konzentrativen Bewegungstherapie (KBT)
Authors: Stippler-Korp Maria
Published: October 2024

Das Ziel dieses Beitrags ist, die Besonderheiten der KBT als Teil des psychodynamischen Clusters sowohl theoretisch als auch im praktischen Arbeiten darzustellen. Dazu werden im ersten Teil KBT-spezifische theoretische Grundlagen kurz beschrieben. Im zweiten Teil wird anhand eines Fallbeispiels einer 30 jährigen Frau mit depressiven und bulimischen Symptomen erläutert, welche Bedeutung die Einschätzung basierend auf der Operationalisierten Psychodynamischen Diagnostik (OPD-3), insbesondere der Achsen Beziehung, Konflikt und Struktur, für die Konzentrative Bewegungstherapie hat. Anhand einzelner Therapiesitzungen wird verdeutlicht, wie diese psychodynamische diagnostische Sichtweise Grundlage für die individuelle Therapie ist und wie die psychodynamischen Kernthemen konkret in der Therapie aufgegriffen und bearbeitet werden.
Der Körper und das Unbewusste
Authors: Pechtl Christine
Published: October 2024

Der Artikel zeichnet die Entwicklung des Körperverständnisses in den psychodynamisch orientierten Methoden nach. In den Anfängen bestand großes Interesse seelische Vorgänge auch mit körperlichen Phänomenen in Bezug zu bringen. Nach der Abkehr Freuds von der Triebtheorie gab es innerhalb der Psychoanalyse kaum mehr Beschäftigung mit dem Thema. In körpertherapeutisch orientierten Verfahren entstand viel Wissen darüber, wie der Körper an Verdrängungsprozessen beteiligt ist und wie Arbeit mit dem Körper den Zugang zum Unbewussten unterstützt.

Erkenntnisse der Säuglingsforschung, der Bindungsforschung und vor allem der Neurobiologie bestätigen die wesentliche Beteiligung der frühen körperlichen Erfahrungen an der Entwicklung des psychischen Apparats. Ein neues intersubjektives Verständnis der therapeutischen Beziehung rückte die Interaktion im Hier und Jetzt – und damit den Körper – mehr in den Fokus.

Hier soll gezeigt werden, wie der Körper einen Zugang zu unbewussten Vorgängen ermöglicht. Die Arbeit mit dem Körper über Berührung und andere sinnliche Erfahrungen, bietet einen unmittelbaren Zugang zu basalen Erfahrungen in früher Kindheit, der Bewusstmachung von verkörperter Beziehungserfahrung und deren Erweiterung im Sinne korrigierender Erfahrungen. Basis muss körperorientierte Selbsterfahrung sein.
Benefits beyond health in the willingness to pay for a quality-adjusted life-year
Authors: de Vries Linda M. , Brouwer Werner B. F. , van Baal Pieter H. M.
Published: October 2024

Adopting a societal perspective in cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) requires including all societal costs and benefits even if they fall outside of the realm of health and healthcare. While some benefits are not explicitly included, they might be implicitly included when people value quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) in monetary terms. An example is utility of consumption (UoC) which has played a crucial role in discussions regarding the welfare economic underpinnings of CEA. This study investigates whether people consider elements beyond health when valuing QALYs monetarily and the influence of inclusion on this value. A Willingness to Pay (WTP) experiment was administered among the general public in which people were asked to assign monetary values to QALYs. Our results show that (stated) UoC increases with quality of life but that instructing people to consider UoC does not impact their monetary valuation of the QALY. Furthermore, many respondents consider elements beyond health when valuing QALYs but the impact on the monetary value of a QALY is limited. These findings suggest that these elements are currently not (adequately) captured in CEA. Findings also illustrate that it is difficult to isolate health from non-health benefits and to consistently capture these in CEA. With that, reconciling CEA with welfare economics remains challenging.
The power of provenance in the records continuum
Authors: Hurley Chris , McKemmish Sue , Reed Barbara , Timbery Narissa
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the meaning of provenance in its broader social and organisational context, ambience, through a records continuum lens, bringing a reflexive and critical perspective to records continuum thinking over the past 30 or so years. It begins by introducing key recordkeeping concepts and goes on to explore records continuum theory and the records continuum model, a four-dimensional map of the recordkeeping and archival contexts of creation, capture, organisation and pluralisation. Continuum principles of provenance and ambience are situated in the model. An analysis of how provenance is currently narrowly applied in practice leads into an exploration of the power of ambience and provenance in the continuum. The following sections on Participatory Rights in Childhood Recordkeeping in Out of Home Care in Australia and Living Archives on Country illustrate how these concepts, together with those of multiple, simultaneous and parallel provenance, can be powerful tools in transforming the subjects of records into active recordkeeping agents. The illustrative examples relate to pioneering research on co-designing extensive suites of rights for co-creators of records who were previously relegated to the status of subjects of the record, and Indigenous archival sovereignty. They enable acknowledgement, enrichment, empowerment and coexistence of multiple, even contrary, positions, and provide frameworks for participatory recordkeeping and archiving.
Carbon Taxation and Electricity Price Dynamics: Empirical Evidence from the Australian Market
Authors: Comincioli Nicola , Guerini Mattia , Vergalli Sergio
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we study the change of Australian electricity price dynamics that was observed before, during and after the two-year period in which a Carbon Pricing Mechanism was in force. We fit a two-states Markov Switching Model, representing a high- and a low-volatility state of the world. To avoid the interference due to periodic patterns, a deseasonalization process accounting for short- and long-term seasonality is carried out prior to the study of volatility. Estimation results highlight that, during the period when the carbon tax applies, the volatility level is lower for both the states of the world. Furthermore, the persistence in the low-volatility state is increased in the presence of the carbon tax. This conclusion is particularly relevant for macroeconomic and investment considerations because the increased uncertainty in electricity prices can significantly influence firms’ investment decisions and shape inflation expectations.
The harmonic background paradigm, or why gravity is attractive
Authors: Barceló Carlos , Jannes Gil
Published: October 2024

In a work by Visser, Bassett and Liberati (VBL) (Nucl Phys B Proc Suppl 88:267, 2000) a relation was suggested between a null energy condition and the censorship of superluminal behaviour. Their result was soon challenged by Gao and Wald (Class Quantum Grav 17:4999, 2000) who argued that this relation is gauge dependent and therefore not appropriate to find such connections. In this paper, we clear up this controversy by showing that both papers are correct but need to be interpreted in distinct paradigms. In this context, we introduce a new paradigm to interpret gravitational phenomena, which we call the Harmonic Background Paradigm. This harmonic background paradigm starts from the idea that there exists a more fundamental background causality provided by a flat spacetime geometry. One of the consequences of this paradigm is that the VBL relation can provide an explanation of why gravity is attractive in all standard weak-field situations.
Servant Research: A Philosophical and Organizational Framework for Research that Creates Meaningful Change
Authors: Granello Darcy Haag
Published: October 2024

Servant Research is a new term to describe a framework for research that is grounded in social responsibility and humanistic principles and is designed to specifically and intentionally improve the lives of people and communities. Servant Research can be used to describe research that exists across many different research methodologies, settings, and disciplines and addresses a multitude of individual or societal problems, inequities, or needs. When scholars engage in Servant Research, they design, implement, and disseminate research that is embedded with core characteristics, including valuing people, giving back, empowering others, and performing service. A second new term introduced within the Servant Research framework, research humility, describes scholars who value the expertise of, and are willing to learn from, those who have traditionally not held positions of power. Scholars who engage in Servant Research face challenges, including rigid promotion and tenure guidelines, perceptions from some within the Academy that research of this type is less rigorous than other approaches, the lack of clear ethical guidelines to address the complexity of the work, the emotionally draining aspects of this type of scholarship, and the often-time-consuming nature of this work which can limit productivity. The introduction of this framework offers scholars a label to describe the meaning-making that is at the core of their research, provides a shared nomenclature for scholars using a multitude of methodologies and from a variety of disciplines, and gives a structure to a meaningful discourse about the engagement of scholars in the social responsibility mission of the university.