bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF THE VULNERABILITY DEGREE OF DIFFERENT LITHOLOGICAL FORMATIONS IN THE CATCHMENT AREA OF AGIA EIRINI GORGE, WESTERN CRETE
Authors: Bizoura A. , Lykoudi E. , Spyridonos E. , Manoutsoglou E.
Published: January 2017

This paper presents a methodology for assessing the degree of vulnerability of different lithology formations constituting the drainage basin of the gorge of Agia Eirini. The methodology is based on the processing of spatial aspects parameters of lithology, hydrography, geomorphology and the vegetation cover, which are related with the weathering impact on formations either directly or indirectly. Initially a series of primary spatial data on geology, topography, the river network and the land use in the region, were used to produce thematic maps. These maps include the geological map, the digital terrain model (DTM), the map of the land use, and hydrographic maps of density and frequency. By processing the data according to their role in enhancing the vulnerability of formations, the data were determined and the following thematic maps: “Map of geological formations susceptible to weathering”, “Map of hydrographic texture”, “Map of morphological inclinations” and “land use map protecting against the loss of disintegrated material were produced. By appropriate combination of these secondary data, areas of vulnerability of formations were recorded which are shown on a final thematic map. This information is particularly valuable in the management planning and gives the opportunity to evaluate and predict the impact of various proposed projects or future scenarios. They can also be used to identify positions to take necessary measures to protect areas at high risk of loss of material.
PROBABILISTIC EVALUATION OF LIQUEFACTION-INDUCED GROUND FAILURES TRIGGERED BY SEISMIC LOADING IN URBAN ENVIRONMENT; CASE STUDIES FROM GREECE
Authors: Papathanassiou G. , Pavlides S.
Published: January 2017

An issue that should be taken into account by urban planners in Greece, for the extension of urban areas, is the likelihood of earthquake-induced ground deformations. In this paper, information is provided regarding the methodology that is applied for the prediction of liquefaction manifestations in urban environment. In particular, a review of our research concerning the evaluation of the probability of liquefaction-induced ground disruption in three towns, Larissa, Edessa and Lefkada, is presented. The evaluation of probability was achieved using the Liquefaction Potential Index methodology and the relatively classification, introduced in late 80’s and modified by Papathanassiou (2008).
UPPER QUATERNARY EVOLUTION OF THE NORTHERN ARGOLIS GULF, NAFPLIO AREA
Authors: Mitropoulos D. , Zananiri I.
Published: January 2017

The recent palaeogeographic history of the Gulf of Argolis was studied by means of marine geophysical surveys and sediment sampling for subsequent laboratory analyses. Data interpretation suggests a relatively smooth seafloor gradient, characterized by an amphitheatrical pattern of the sea bottom. Prominent beetling features comprise the Bourtzi islet near Nafplio coast, small ridges in the southern margin of the studied area, and several conical ridges in the central part of the gulf. Four unconformities were identified, defining four different sedimentary units. Granulometry measurements allowed the mapping of present-day seafloor sediment distribution, where fine sediments prevail; the only exception was observed at the eastern coastal areas, where sand con-tent reaches 70%. Contouring of granulometry statistical parameters highlights a NW towards SE transfer of fine-grain sediments. Finally, taking into account the results of the present study and all available information for the broader area, a model for the Upper Quaternary palaeogeographic evolution of the Argolis Gulf was constructed.
SEISMICITY CHANGES DETECTION DURING THE SEISMIC SEQUENCES EVOLUTION AS EVIDENCE OF STRESS CHANGES
Authors: Astiopoulos A.C. , Papadimitriou E. , Karakostas V. , Gospodinov D. , Drakatos G.
Published: January 2017

The statistical properties of the aftershock occurrence are among the main issues in investigating the earthquake generation process. Seismicity rate changes during a seismic sequence, which are detected by the application of statistical models, are proved to be precursors of strong events occurring during the seismic excitation. Application of these models provides a tool in assessing the imminent seismic hazard, oftentimes by the estimation of the expected occurrence rate and comparison of the predicted rate with the observed one. The aim of this study is to examine the temporal distribution and especially the occurrence rate variations of aftershocks for two seismic sequences that took place, the first one near Skyros island in 2001 and the second one near Lefkada island in 2003, in order to detect and determine rate changes in connection with the evolution of the seismic activity. Analysis is performed through space–time stochastic models which are developed, based upon both aftershocks clustering studies and specific assumptions. The models applied are the Modified Omori Formula (MOF), the Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) and the Restricted Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (RETAS). The modelling of seismicity rate changes, during the evolution of the particular seismic sequences, is then attempted in association with and as evidence of static stress changes
Exploring Lyric Tropes: M. Williamson, Sappho's Immortal Daughters, Cambridge, MA 1995, and other recent work on Sappho
Authors: Yatromanolakis Dimitrios
Published: January 2017

Το άρθρο αυτό επισκοπεί την πρόσφατη διεθνή βιβλιογραφία για τη Σαπφώ και τα αρχαϊκά κοινωνικά και πολιτισμικά περικείμενα της ποίησης της, και επικεντρώνεται στις μεθοδολογικές προσεγγίσεις μιας συγκεκριμένης πρόσφατης μελέτης, προσφέροντας ενδεικτικές μεθοδολογικές προτάσεις για την εξέταση της πρώιμης κειμενικής παράδοσης της ποίησης της Σαπφούς.
Ο Ορφέας στην μουσική και στην μουσικοθεωρητική σκέψη των νεότερων χρόνων (15ος-17ος αιώνας)
Authors: Yannou Démètre
Published: January 2017

L a légende d'Orphée a eu un retentissement particulier dans la musique et dans la pensée musicale des temps modernes. Grâce à la transmission de la légende à travers la littérature et la théorie de la musique du Moyen Âge, le personnage d'Orphée se présente, surtout pendant le XVe, le XVIe et le XVIIe siècle, comme allégorie de la musique à laquelle se réfère aussi bien la musique que la théorie de la musique. Pour la théorie de la musique, la légende d'Orphée s'inscrit dans la tradition de la doctrine des effectus musices. Dans ce cadre, la légende, de même que tous les mythes antiques se référant aux effets de la musique, a une double fonction au début des temps modernes. La première est de livrer des exemples attestant la théorie. Ces exemples subissent un examen critique qui va de la réfutation des faits racontés jusqu'à leur interprétation au moyen de forces naturelles. La deuxième fonction est de fournir des points de repère pour la conception de la réalité musicale de l'époque. Cette fonction concerne le public des milieux de la vie musicale de la Renaissance et du début du XVIIe siècle et elle se manifeste plutôt dans l'historiographie galante que dans la théorie de la musique . proprement dite. Pour la création musicale, le personnage d'Orphée représente d'un côté l'allégorie de la force de l'homme, et de l'autre, à travers la dramatisation de la légende, la force de la musique et plus spécialement du chant — champ d'expression par excellence de l'opéra naissant. «A partir du XVIIIe siècle, avec la naissance de l'acoustique moderne, la référence aux légendes de l'Antiquité disparaît de la théorie de la musique. Par contre, dans la création musicale, la légende d'Orphée continue de susciter l'intérêt des compositeurs jusqu' à la fin du XXe siècle. Néanmoins, la place des premières œuvres musicales inspirées par cette légende au début des temps modernes reste unique dans l'histoire de la musique, parce que ces œuvres s'inscrivent dans une époque pour laquelle la référence aux légendes musicales de l'Antiquité constituait un lieu de convergence de la théorie de la musique, de la création musicale et de la conception que les contemporains eux-mêmes se formaient de la réalité musicale de leur temps.
Nicolas Mavrocordatos censeur de la République des Lettres
Authors: Bouchard Jacques
Published: January 2017

ΟΝικόλαος Μαυροκορδάτος (1680-1730), πρώτος Φαναριώτης πρίγκιπας της Μολδοβλαχίας, δημιούργησε στην αυλή του την πιο πλούσια βιβλιοθήκη της Νοτιοανατολικής Ευρώπης. Οξυδερκής και επίμονος αναγνώστης των δυτικών βιβλίων, ευνόησε με το παράδειγμα του την κριτική των έργων, τη μετάφραση και τη μίμηση τους και παρότρυνε τους οικείους του να δεχτούν θετικά τα πρωτόλεια του Διαφωτισμού.
Τσαλουμάς: Μεσογειακή λεπτομέρεια με φόντο τη Δύση
Authors: Τσιανίκας Μιχάλης
Published: January 2017

[Δε διατίθεται περίληψη]
Foreign Risk, Domestic Problem: Capital Allocation and Firm Performance Under Political Instability
Authors: Col Burcin , Durnev Art , Molchanov Alexander
Published: January 2017

We argue in this paper that firms with foreign operations misallocate capital and underperform when they face political instability abroad. We develop and test a dynamic model of firm capital allocation under foreign political instability. The model shows that as a political regime becomes less stable, independent of whether the regime becomes less business-friendly or more business-friendly, firms invest suboptimally (i.e., they either overinvest or underinvest), and their marginal q’s diverge further from an optimal level. Using elections and textual analysis of local media during national elections, we construct a novel index of political instability. We find that U.S. firms and industries with a greater exposure to election-induced political instability experience disruptions of investment efficiency that lead to lower valuations and lower total factor productivity. Therefore, international trade is a significant conduit of foreign political instability into U.S. markets.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2638 .

This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Perspectives for cognitive rehabilitation of patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Matveeva Mariia , Samoylova Julia , Zhukova Natalia , Oleynik Oxana , Rotkank Mariya
Published: January 2017

Currently, the problem of cognitive dysfunction is becoming increasingly important due to the raising demand for effective intellectual activity in modern society. One of the most significant causes of cognitive dysfunction is dismetabolic nature of the disorder, such as diabetes mellitus, which has recently been gaining prevalence. Much of the resistance of clinical symptoms of diabetic encephalopathy to conventional therapy requires a search for new approaches for solving this problem. Cognitive rehabilitation as a correctional technique has proved a positive effect in terms of the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases of different nature.This review present the ways for correction of cognitive impairment using the method of cognitive rehabilitation in patients with diabetes, its methodology, mechanisms of action and perspectives.
Conflict over Conflict: The Right to Strike in International Law
Authors: Frey Diane F.
Published: January 2017

The existence of a right to strike under international law has been challenged by the International Organization of Employers since the late 1980s. The employer group claims that no such right exists under international law and has been moving to undermine recognition of the right at the International Labour Organisation (ILO). This article examines the right to strike in international human rights law. It considers specifically the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and finds that the right to strike exists in both of these treaties. Further, the article demonstrates that while the ILO employers group may challenge the existence of the right to strike, its government members have overwhelmingly ratified international human rights treaties contradicting the employer group's position that there is no such right.
Historical Perspectives on Precarious Work: The Cases of Egypt and India under British Imperialism
Authors: Bent Peter H.
Published: January 2017

The concept of precarious work is used by social scientists to describe work that is “uncertain, unpredictable, and risky from the point of view of the worker” (Kalleberg, 2009: 2). This paper argues that such work can take a variety of forms, beyond those seen in the transition from the stable post-WWII era to the neo-liberal era in the West. Egypt and India offer instructive case studies. Industrialisation (or lack thereof) in Egypt and India has been thoroughly documented by others. The purpose of this paper is to argue that these developments can be seen as the emergence of precarious, industrial working arrangements. This framework is useful for demonstrating that precarious work has come along with industrial development in a range of countries during different time periods. In this light, the stable employment arrangements characteristic of the post-war West were an anomaly. The global economic and social history of industrialisation is characterised by precarious working arrangements, as seen in colonial-era Egypt and India.
The Role of Sirt1 in Epileptogenesis
Authors: Hall Alicia M. , Brennan Gary P. , Nguyen Tiffany M. , Singh-Taylor Akanksha , Mun Hyun-Seung , Sargious Mary J. , Baram Tallie Z.
Published: January 2017

The mechanisms by which brain insults lead to subsequent epilepsy remain unclear. Insults, including trauma, stroke, tumors, infections, and long seizures [status epilepticus (SE)], create a neuronal state of increased metabolic demand or decreased energy supply. Neurons express molecules that monitor their metabolic state, including sirtuins (Sirts). Sirtuins deacetylate cytoplasmic proteins and nuclear histones, and their epigenetic modulation of the chromatin governs the expression of many genes, influencing neuronal properties. Thus, sirtuins are poised to enduringly modulate neuronal properties following SE, potentially contributing to epileptogenesis, a hypothesis supported by the epilepsy-attenuating effects of blocking a downstream target of Sirt1, Neuron-Restrictive Silencer Factor (NRSF) also know as REST (RE1-Silencing Transcription factor). Here we used an adult male rat model of epileptogenesis provoked by kainic acid–induced SE (KA-SE). We assessed KA-SE-provoked Sirt1 activity, infused a Sirt1 inhibitor (EX-527) after KA-SE, and examined for epileptogenesis using continuous digital video–EEG. Sirt1 activity, measured using chromatin immunoprecipitation for Sirt1 binding at a target gene, increased rapidly after SE.Post hocinfusion of the Sirt1 inhibitor prevented Sirt1-mediated repression of a target gene. Blocking Sirt1 activity transiently after KA-SE did not significantly influence the time- course and all of the parameters of epilepsy development. Specifically, latency to first seizure and seizure number, duration, and severity (using the Racine scale and EEG measures) as well as the frequency and duration of interictal spike series, were all unchanged. KA-SE provoked a robust inflammatory response and modest cell loss, yet neither was altered by blocking Sirt1. In conclusion, blocking Sirt1 activity after KA-SE does not abrogate epilepsy development, suggesting that the mechanisms of such acquired epileptogenesis are independent of Sirt1 function.
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Attenuates Neuronal Adaptation
Authors: Kar Kohitij , Duijnhouwer Jacob , Krekelberg Bart
Published: January 2017

We previously showed that brief application of 2 mA (peak-to-peak) transcranial currents alternating at 10 Hz significantly reduces motion adaptation in humans. This is but one of many behavioral studies showing that weak currents applied to the scalp modulate neural processing. Transcranial stimulation has been shown to improve perception, learning, and a range of clinical symptoms. Few studies, however, have measured the neural consequences of transcranial current stimulation. We capitalized on the strong link between motion perception and neural activity in the middle temporal (MT) area of the macaque monkey to study the neural mechanisms that underlie the behavioral consequences of transcranial alternating current stimulation. First, we observed that 2 mA currents generated substantial intracranial fields, which were much stronger in the stimulated hemisphere (0.12 V/m) than on the opposite side of the brain (0.03 V/m). Second, we found that brief application of transcranial alternating current stimulation at 10 Hz reduced spike-frequency adaptation of MT neurons and led to a broadband increase in the power spectrum of local field potentials. Together, these findings provide a direct demonstration that weak electric fields applied to the scalp significantly affect neural processing in the primate brain and that this includes a hitherto unknown mechanism that attenuates sensory adaptation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTranscranial stimulation has been claimed to improve perception, learning, and a range of clinical symptoms. Little is known, however, how transcranial current stimulation generates such effects, and the search for better stimulation protocols proceeds largely by trial and error. We investigated, for the first time, the neural consequences of stimulation in the monkey brain. We found that even brief application of alternating current stimulation reduced the effects of adaptation on single-neuron firing rates and local field potentials; this mechanistic insight explains previous behavioral findings and suggests a novel way to modulate neural information processing using transcranial currents. In addition, by developing an animal model to help understand transcranial stimulation, this study will aid the rational design of stimulation protocols for the treatment of mental illnesses, and the improvement of perception and learning.
Cerebellar–M1 Connectivity Changes Associated with Motor Learning Are Somatotopic Specific
Authors: Spampinato Danny A. , Block Hannah J. , Celnik Pablo A.
Published: January 2017

One of the functions of the cerebellum in motor learning is to predict and account for systematic changes to the body or environment. This form of adaptive learning is mediated by plastic changes occurring within the cerebellar cortex. The strength of cerebellar-to-cerebral pathways for a given muscle may reflect aspects of cerebellum-dependent motor adaptation. These connections with motor cortex (M1) can be estimated as cerebellar inhibition (CBI): a conditioning pulse of transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the cerebellum before a test pulse over motor cortex. Previously, we have demonstrated that changes in CBI for a given muscle representation correlate with learning a motor adaptation task with the involved limb. However, the specificity of these effects is unknown. Here, we investigated whether CBI changes in humans are somatotopy specific and how they relate to motor adaptation. We found that learning a visuomotor rotation task with the right hand changed CBI, not only for the involved first dorsal interosseous of the right hand, but also for an uninvolved right leg muscle, the tibialis anterior, likely related to inter-effector transfer of learning. In two follow-up experiments, we investigated whether the preparation of a simple hand or leg movement would produce a somatotopy-specific modulation of CBI. We found that CBI changes only for the effector involved in the movement. These results indicate that learning-related changes in cerebellar–M1 connectivity reflect a somatotopy-specific interaction. Modulation of this pathway is also present in the context of interlimb transfer of learning.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTConnectivity between the cerebellum and motor cortex is a critical pathway for the integrity of everyday movements and understanding the somatotopic specificity of this pathway in the context of motor learning is critical to advancing the efficacy of neurorehabilitation. We found that adaptive learning with the hand affects cerebellar–motor cortex connectivity, not only for the trained hand, but also for an untrained leg muscle, an effect likely related to intereffector transfer of learning. Furthermore, we introduce a novel method to measure cerebellar–motor cortex connectivity during movement preparation. With this technique, we show that, outside the context of learning, modulation of cerebellar–motor cortex connectivity is somatotopically specific to the effector being moved.
An Ultrastructural Study of the Thalamic Input to Layer 4 of Primary Motor and Primary Somatosensory Cortex in the Mouse
Authors: Bopp Rita , Holler-Rickauer Simone , Martin Kevan A.C. , Schuhknecht Gregor F.P.
Published: January 2017

The traditional classification of primary motor cortex (M1) as an agranular area has been challenged recently when a functional layer 4 (L4) was reported in M1. L4 is the principal target for thalamic input in sensory areas, which raises the question of how thalamocortical synapses formed in M1 in the mouse compare with those in neighboring sensory cortex (S1). We identified thalamic boutons by their immunoreactivity for the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGluT2) and performed unbiased disector counts from electron micrographs. We discovered that the thalamus contributed proportionately only half as many synapses to the local circuitry of L4 in M1 compared with S1. Furthermore, thalamic boutons in M1 targeted spiny dendrites exclusively, whereas ∼9% of synapses were formed with dendrites of smooth neurons in S1. VGluT2+boutons in M1 were smaller and formed fewer synapses per bouton on average (1.3 vs 2.1) than those in S1, but VGluT2+synapses in M1 were larger than in S1 (median postsynaptic density areas of 0.064 μm2vs 0.042 μm2). In M1 and S1, thalamic synapses formed only a small fraction (12.1% and 17.2%, respectively) of all of the asymmetric synapses in L4. The functional role of the thalamic input to L4 in M1 has largely been neglected, but our data suggest that, as in S1, the thalamic input is amplified by the recurrent excitatory connections of the L4 circuits. The lack of direct thalamic input to inhibitory neurons in M1 may indicate temporal differences in the inhibitory gating in L4 of M1 versus S1.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTClassical interpretations of the function of primary motor cortex (M1) emphasize its lack of the granular layer 4 (L4) typical of sensory cortices. However, we show here that, like sensory cortex (S1), mouse M1 also has the canonical circuit motif of a core thalamic input to the middle cortical layer and that thalamocortical synapses form a small fraction (M1: 12%; S1: 17%) of all asymmetric synapses in L4 of both areas. Amplification of thalamic input by recurrent local circuits is thus likely to be a significant mechanism in both areas. Unlike M1, where thalamocortical boutons typically form a single synapse, thalamocortical boutons in S1 usually formed multiple synapses, which means they can be identified with high probability in the electron microscope without specific labeling.
A living vector field reveals constraints on galactose network induction in yeast
Authors: Stockwell Sarah R , Rifkin Scott A
Published: January 2017

When a cell encounters a new environment, its transcriptional response can be constrained by its history. For example, yeast cells in galactose induceGALgenes with a speed and unanimity that depends on previous nutrient conditions. Cellular memory of long‐term glucose exposure delaysGALinduction and makes it highly variable with in a cell population, while other nutrient histories lead to rapid, uniform responses. To investigate how cell‐level gene expression dynamics produce population‐level phenotypes, we built living vector fields from thousands of single‐cell time courses of the proteins Gal3p and Gal1p as cells switched to galactose from various nutrient histories. We show that, after sustained glucose exposure, the lack of theseGALtransducers leads to induction delays that are long but also variable; that cellular resources constrain induction; and that bimodally distributed expression levels arise from lineage selection—a subpopulation of cells induces more quickly and outcompetes the rest. Our results illuminate cellular memory in this important model system and illustrate how resources and randomness interact to shape the response of a population to a new environment.
Traditional Institution for Forest Conservation within a Changing Community: Insight from the Case of Upland South Sumatra
Authors: Martin Edwin , Suharjito Didik , Darusman Dudung , Sunito Satyawan , Winarno Bondan
Published: January 2017

Referring to the studies on the success of community forestry, the proponents suggest reducing the influence of the state to the people who maintain traditional institutions in forest management. However, knowledge about the interaction of formal and informal institutions in the context of changing smallholder farmers is still not fully understood. Through a phenomenological approach assessing the differences of forest conserving institutions’ performance across villages in Semende, South Sumatra, we analyze the process of how traditional institutions can survive or collapse. The main finding shows that traditional institutions gained support and legitimacy from government’s formal institutions, to enforce the rules, are able to survive until now. The key factor determining the success or failure of traditional institutions is the structure of community’s authority; whether it is based on to inherited knowledge or not. We propose a new hypothesis for the concept of local institutions that successfully manage natural resources.
Dinámica anual de tintínidos en las aguas estuarinas de dos áreas marinas de pesca responsable en el Golfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica
Authors: García-Rojas Andrea , Vega-Bolaños Hannia , Quesada-Phillips Valeria
Published: January 2017

En los periodos de marzo de 2012 a marzo de 2013, y de setiembre del 2013 a agosto del 2014, se determinó la biodiversidad y abundancia de tintínidos y su relación con variables ambientales, en dos áreas marinas de pesca responsable (AMPR) (Puerto Níspero y Paquera) del Golfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica. Para ambas zonas de muestreo se determinó una estacionalidad de los parámetros físico-químicos influenciada por variabilidad climática de la zona, lo cual se evidenció con las diferencias significativas en el tiempo de muestreo. La población de tintínidos reflejó una baja diversidad de especies donde los principales representantes fueron Tintinnopsis parva, T. uruguayensis y Tintinnidium balechi; y su abundancia osciló entre un rango de 0 a 5583 cél L-1. Al correlacionar la abundancia de tintínidos con respecto a las variables ambientales estudiadas en cada sitio de muestreo, se determinó una tendencia a que las interacciones significativas fueran negativas, principalmente entre la abundancia de tintínidos y la concentración de oxígeno disuelto en ambas AMPR. También, al interrelacionar las variables ambientales respecto al comportamiento temporal de la abundancia de tintínidos, se determinó que sí hay una relación entre el aumento en la concentración de los organismos y la variación ambiental. A nivel general, la presencia de tintínidos evidencia el proceso natural de la cadena trófica, al garantizar una dinámica productiva en la base de la cadena alimenticia de las zonas de estudio.
Evaluación de la abundancia relativa y percepción de la presencia de palomas Columba livia (Columbiformes: Columbidae) en la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica
Authors: Ramírez-Alán Óscar , De la O-Castro Jorge , Bolaños-Picado Dayatri , Mc Queen-Blanco Jean Karl
Published: January 2017

La presencia de la paloma Columba livia en las obras de infraestructura conlleva a un deterioro de estas mismas; el aumento de estas aves en grandes ciudades ha alarmado a la población, igual situación ocurre en las instalaciones de la Universidad Nacional. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en monitorear la población para conocer la abundancia relativa. Para ello, se seleccionaron cinco edificios dentro de la Universidad, cuyo criterio de selección fue la presencia de palomas. Se realizaron observaciones directas durante un periodo de cinco meses, tres veces por semana. Se encontró que el costado oeste de Química es el más concurrido (4.37 ± 1.17), utilizan, ahí, espacios como los equipos para el aire acondicionado y agujeros en los techos como sitios para anidación. Un 53% de personal de la Universidad encuestado está en desacuerdo en procesos de erradicación. La disponibilidad de infraestructura y los recursos alimentarios son factores ecológicos claves para atraer palomas, ya que favorecen sitios para la anidación y descanso, lo que contribuye directamente en el crecimiento de sus poblaciones. Se recomienda reducir los sitios artificiales de percha, tapar entradas existentes que puedan utilizarse para la anidación y educar a la población acerca de los problemas potenciales que representa el incremento poblacional de las palomas.
Aspectos reproductivos de Anodonta Luteola Lea 1858 (Unionoida: Unionidae) en Cañas, Guanacaste, Costa Rica
Authors: Cruz-Soto Rafael , Quesada-Céspedes Rebeca
Published: January 2017

Se estudiaron los aspectos reproductivos de Anodonta luteola. Las muestras se obtuvieron de mayo de 2014 a abril de 2015 de un estanque de cultivo de tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). El sexo se determinó mediante frotis de la gónada. La relación sexual se calculó dividiendo el número de hembras por el de machos y se utilizó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado para determinar sus diferencias significativas. Se determinó que A. luteola es dioica y la proporción sexual fue de 1.21:1 machos/hembras; sin embargo, el test Chi-cuadrado no mostró diferencias significativas de la proporción 1:1 (X2 =3.112, p>0.05). Las hembras se clasificaron en no grávidas y grávidas. Se calculó el índice de condición como IC = peso fresco de la carne / (longitud x altura diámetro) x 1000. Además, se calculó el rendimiento en carne. De acuerdo con los resultados, esta especie desova durante todo el año. Los picos de desove se observaron durante los meses de junio, agosto, octubre, marzo y abril. Las temperaturas más elevadas marcaron los principales picos de desove. El índice de condición no mostró correlación con ninguno de los estados de desarrollo de las demibranquias de las hembras. El rendimiento en carne osciló entre 47% y 51%.
Pediatric Accountable Care Organizations: Insight From Early Adopters
Authors: Perrin James M. , Zimmerman Edward , Hertz Andrew , Johnson Timothy , Merrill Tom , Smith David
Published: January 2017

Partly in response to incentives in the Affordable Care Act, there has been major growth in accountable care organizations (ACO) in both the private and public sectors. For several reasons, growth of ACOs in pediatric care has been more modest than for older populations. The American Academy of Pediatrics collaborated with Leavitt Partners, LLC, to carry out a study of pediatric ACOs, including a series of 5 case studies of diverse pediatric models, a scan of Medicaid ACOs, and a summit of leaders in pediatric ACO development. These collaborative activities identified several issues in ACO formation and sustainability in pediatric settings and outlined a number of opportunities for the pediatric community in areas of organization, model change, and market dynamics; payment, financing, and contracting; quality and value; and use of new technologies. These insights can guide future work in pediatric ACO development.
Growth in Prepubertal Children With Cystic Fibrosis Treated With Ivacaftor
Authors: Stalvey Michael S. , Pace Jesse , Niknian Minoo , Higgins Mark N. , Tarn Valerie , Davis Joy , Heltshe Sonya L. , Rowe Steven M.
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is known for its impact on the lung and pancreas of individuals; however, impaired growth is also a common complication. We hypothesized that targeting the biological defect in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein may affect growth outcomes.

METHODS:

In this post hoc analysis, we assessed linear growth and weight in 83 children (aged 6–11 years) enrolled in 2 clinical trials, the longitudinal-observation GOAL study and the placebo-controlled ENVISION study, to evaluate the effects of ivacaftor, a CFTR potentiator. We calculated height and weight z scores and height and weight growth velocities (GVs).

RESULTS:

In ivacaftor-treated children in GOAL, height and weight z scores increased significantly from baseline to 6 months (increases of 0.1 [P < .05] and 0.26 [P < .0001], respectively); height GV increased significantly from 3 to 6 months (2.10-cm/year increase; P < .01). In ivacaftor-treated children in ENVISION, height and weight z scores increased significantly from baseline to 48 weeks (increases of 0.17 [P < .001] and 0.35 [P < .001], respectively). Height and weight GVs from baseline to 48 weeks were also significantly higher with ivacaftor than with placebo (differences of 1.08 cm/year [P < .05] and 3.11 kg/year [P < .001], respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:

Ivacaftor treatment in prepubescent children may help to address short stature and altered GV in children with CF; results from these analyses support the existence of an intrinsic defect in the growth of children with CF that may be ameliorated by CFTR modulation.
Apresentação
Authors: Ermel Tatiane De Freitas , Timm Jordana Wruck , Dos Santos Pricila Kohls
Published: January 2017

Apresentação da edição temática: Experiências de Internacionalização da Educação Superior
Magnetically Soft Co-C Granular-like Amorphous Thin Films With High Resistivity and High Saturation Flux Density
Authors: Wang H. , Wong S.P. , Chiah M.F. , Li W.Q. , Poon C.Y. , Cheung W.Y. , Ke N.
Published: January 2017

Granular-like amorphous CoxC1-x nanocomposite thin films, with x in the range of 60-75% in atomic percentage, have been prepared by pulsed filtered vacuum arc deposition. The structures of the films were characterized by non-Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The in-plane magnetic hysteresis loops were measured by a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer at room temperature. The electrical transport properties were measured by the four-probe technique at various temperatures ranging from 20 to 300 K. The films were found to be magnetically soft with coercivities in the range of 2 to 12 Oe, resistivities in the range of 130 to 300 μΩcm, and magnetic saturation flux densities in the range of 6 to 13 kG. The films also showed good thermal stability in their structural, electrical and magnetic properties upon annealing up to 200°C in a vacuum furnace.
Magnetic Film Analysis by RBS, PIXE, HFS and NRA
Authors: Wei Luncun
Published: January 2017

Characterization of thin magnetic coating layer is always challenging, different analytical methods are required to characterize layer structure and composition. In the present paper, Rutherford backscattering (RBS)[1], particle induced x-ray emission (PIXE)[2], hydrogen forward scattering (HFS)[3] and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA)[4] are used to measure three typical magnetic film structures and coating layer. Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen contents are measured by deuteron NRA and hydrogen content by HFS. Magnetic layers beneath diamond-like carbon (DLC) layer are characterized by RBS and PIXE: PIXE for relative ratios of Cr, Fe, Co and Ni, and RBS for thickness and depth profiles. The analytical results of one test example shown in this paper demonstrate that the combination of these four methods can give complete and precise layer structure and composition.
Kompatibilitas Jamur Entomopatogenik Paecilomyces fumosoroseus dengan Beberapa Bahan Aktif Pestisida Secara In Vitro
Authors: Fauziah Fani , Rohdiana Dadan
Published: January 2017

Untuk mengurangi penggunaan pestisida di perkebunan teh, maka salah satu upaya pengendalian hama yang dapat dilakukan adalah mengkombinasikan aplikasi pestisida dengan jamur entomopatogenik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kompatibilitas antara jamur P. fumosoroseus  dengan beberapa bahan aktif pestisida di laboratorium. Perlakuan dirancang dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) terdiri dari 5 jenis bahan aktif yaitu metomil, bifentrin, imidakloprid, tembaga oksida dan metidation pada taraf konsentrasi sesuai rekomendasi lapang (RL), 0,5x RL dan 2x RL. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa diantara kelima jenis bahan aktif pestisida yang diuji, metidation memiliki tingkat toksisitas yang paling tinggi. Persentase produksi spora tertinggi sebesar 13,77% ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan bifentrin 2x RL. Combining application of pesticides and entomopathogenic fungi is an alternative way for controlling pest in order to reduce pesticides application in the tea field. This research was aimed toexamine the compatibility of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus tosome active agents of pesticide in laboratory. Completely Randomized Block Designed (CRBD) with 5 active agents: methomyl, bifenthrin, imidacloprid, copper oxide and metidation in three different concentration was employed in this study, which was based on the existing field recommendation (FR): 0,5x FR and 2x FR. The results showed that among the five tested pesticides, metidation appeared to be the most toxic agentto P. fumosoroseus. Meanwhile, the highest percentage of spore production was counted in bifenthrin 2x RL (13,77%.)
Sacred Ecology of Plants
Authors: Ryan John Charles
Published: January 2017

With developments in the botanical sciences regarding signaling and behavior, the idea of plant sensitivity becomes an increasingly real possibility. In conjunction with empirically argued principles of percipience, intelligence, and memory in the plant world, the vegetative soul takes on a new signilcance. Aristotle, Saint Thomas Aquinas, and other Western commentators delineated between the ensoulment of plants, animals, and humans. They regarded the vegetative soul as the incomplete basis for the emergence of animal and human life. The vegetative soul resonates deeply in the cosmologies of Aboriginal Australian people who regard plants as spiritually imbued participants in creation stories, or the Dreaming. Circumventing a hierarchical typology of ensoulment, the Australian poet Les Murray invokes these diverse notions of soul in his botanical poetry. Shaped by the convergence of Christian beliefs and traditional Australian indigenous conceptions of mora, Murray’s verse positions plants within a sacred ecology as ensouled beings with intelligent capacities proper to their modes of existence.
SİSTEM DÜŞÜNCESİ
Authors: EREN ŞENARAS Arzu , SEZEN H. Kemal
Published: January 2017

Yöneylem araştırması, gerçek problemlerin çözümünde çoğu durumda ideale ulaşmayı değil, değer yargıları ve çıkarımlara uygun daha iyi kararlara ulaşmayı hedefler ve sorunların çözümünde sistem yaklaşımını kullanır. Bu çalışmada, problemleri bütünsel bakış açısıyla ele alan sistem düşüncesini açıklamaya yöneliktir. Sistem yaklaşımı, basit bir anlatımla probleme bütünsel bakarak, tüm yönlerini düşünerek ve sistemin tüm bileşenleri arası ilişkileri göz önünde bulunduran bir problem çözme yaklaşımıdır. Bu yaklaşım bir problemi çözmek için neler yapılması gerektiğini, problemin ortaya çıkışı ile birlikte hangi iç ve dış etmenlerin dikkate alınması gerektiği, bileşenler arasındaki ilişkilerin probleme etkileri gibi unsurları dikkate alarak her türlü probleme nasıl yaklaşılması gerektiğini kendi bakış açısı ile ortaya koyar. Sistem yaklaşımı modelleme aşamaları, modelleme uygulama alanları ve sistem yaklaşımı çeşitleri çalışmada ele alınmıştır. Sistem yaklaşımının daha etkin sistemlerin tasarlanması ve geliştirilmesinde gelecekte de karar vericilere ışık tutacağını söyleyebiliriz.
Phanerogamic flora and vegetation of Itacolomi State Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Messias Maria Cristina T. Braga ,   Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Brazil, Sousa Hildeberto Caldas de , Scalon Viviane Renata , Roschel Miriam B. , Cândido Elisa Silva , Fujaco Maria Augusta G. ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil,   Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Brazil
Published: January 2017

Abstract Located in the municipalities of Ouro Preto and Mariana, in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero (QF) of Minas Gerais, the Itacolomi State Park (ISP) shelters more than 7,000 ha of remnants of Atlantic Forest and campos rupestres. The QF region has high biodiversity and is being highly impacted, mainly by mining activities. Aiming to organize the available floristic information and to support related research, this study presents the list of phanerogamic species of the ISP and the major vegetation types. This survey was carried out from October/1992 to July/2006, by monthly field trips. Besides authors´ personal collections, other records were assembled from herbarium databank. A total of 1623 taxons belonging to 122 families were listed. The families with higher species richness were Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Melastomataceae, Poaceae and Orchidaceae. The vegetation is represented by campos rupestres (51% of the total area), followed by montane forests (40%) and anthropogenic disturbed areas (9%). The greatest species richness occurs in campos rupestres. Several species are threatened and/or endemic. The knowledge of phanerogamic flora of ISP can help the Management Plan of this Unit of Conservation. It is also a contribution for future-related studies of the flora of ISP, Minas Gerais and Brazil.
Speech in Adults Treated for Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: Long-Term Follow-Up after One- or Two-Stage Palate Repair
Authors: Morén Staffan , Mani Maria , Lilian Stålhammar , Lindestad Per Åke , Holmström Mats
Published: January 2017

Objective

To evaluate speech in adults treated for unilateral cleft lip and palate with one-stage or two-stage palate closure and compare the speech of the patients with that of a noncleft control group.

Design

Cross-sectional study with long-term follow-up.

Participants/Setting

All unilateral cleft lip and palate patients born from 1960 to 1987 and treated at Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden, were invited (n = 109). Participation rate was 67% (n = 73) at a mean of 35 years after primary surgery. Forty-seven had been treated according to one-stage palate closure and 26 according to two-stage palate closure. Pharyngeal flap surgery had been performed in 11 of the 73 patients (15%). The noncleft control group consisted of 63 age-matched volunteers.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Speech-language pathologists rated perceptual speech characteristics from blinded audio recordings.

Results

Among patients, seven (10%) presented with hypernasality, 12 (16%) had audible nasal emission and/or nasal turbulence, five (7%) had consonant production errors, one (2%) had glottal reinforcements/substitutions, and one (2%) had reduced intelligibility. Controls had no audible signs of velopharyngeal insufficiency and no quantifiable problems with the other speech production variables. No significant differences were identified between patients treated with one-stage and two-stage palate closure for any of the variables.

Conclusions

The prevalence of speech outcome indicative of velopharyngeal insufficiency among adult patients treated for unilateral cleft lip and palate was low but higher compared with individuals without cleft. Whether palatal closure is performed in one or two stages does not seem to affect the speech outcome at a mean age of 35 years.
Anatomical and functional outcomes of scleral buckling versus primary vitrectomy in pseudophakic retinal detachment
Authors: Cankurtaran Veysel , Citirik Mehmet , Simsek Mert , Tekin Kemal , Teke Mehmet Yasin
Published: January 2017

Retinal detachment is the separation of the sensory retina from the retinal pigment epithelium by subretinal fluid. There are several types of retinal re-attachment surgery, including scleral buckling (SB), pneumatic retinopexy, and vitrectomy (with or without SB). The objective of this study was to compare anatomical and visual outcomes between patients with pseudophakic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with silicone oil (SO) or perfluoropropane (C3F8) gas tamponade and pseudophakic RRD patients who underwent SB surgery. We evaluated retrospectively 101 pseudophakic RRD patients from a single center. The patients were classified into three groups according to the surgical procedure performed: PPV + Silicone - patients who underwent PPV with SO tamponade; PPV + Gas - patients who underwent PPV with perfluoropropane gas tamponade; and SB group - patients who underwent SB surgery. The groups were compared with regard to primary and final anatomical and visual outcomes. The number of patients in PPV + Silicone, PPV + Gas, and SB group was 39 (38.6%), 32 (31.7%), and 30 (29.7%), respectively. The mean follow-up period in PPV + Silicone, PPV + Gas, and SB group was 33.95 ± 23.58, 32.62 ± 10.95, and 33.76 ± 16.62 months, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the groups neither with regard to primary and final anatomical and visual success rates nor in relation to the recurrence rate of retinal detachment. According to our anatomical and visual outcome results, either of the three methods (i.e., PPV + Silicone, PPV + Gas, or SB) can be used in the treatment of pseudophakic retinal detachment.
Exploring Faculty Perceptions of Student Incivility in Social Work: Results from a National Survey
Authors: Wahler Elizabeth A. , Badger Karen
Published: January 2017

The literature suggests that incivility is a growing problem in college classrooms, but few studies have examined incivility within social work programs. Using a national sample of social work instructors (n=327), this study examined faculty experiences with social work student incivility in both undergraduate and graduate education. Results showed that some behaviors often deemed disrespectful or inattentive do occur in social work classrooms, and they occur more frequently in undergraduate classes than graduate classes. Although rare, hostile behaviors were also reported by faculty. Discussion of these findings includes recommendations for addressing incivility in the context of preparing social work students for professional practice.
Social Media and Child Welfare: Policy, Training, and the Risks and Benefits From the Administrator’s Perspective
Authors: Stott Tonia C. , MacEachron Ann , Gustavsson Nora
Published: January 2017

The field of public child welfare faces special challenges as it interweaves the use of social media into practice. Social media can assist agencies in meeting demands of practice such as communication, preservation of important family connections, identification of kin, and service coordination with caretakers and community partners. It also presents risks with respect to privacy, confidentiality, and safety. To look at the role of social media in child welfare practice, we began by examining the literature on social media use and how agencies are responding to the risks and benefits of this technology. We then report the findings from an exploratory national survey of training administrators (n=14) that suggests states vary in both policy development and training with respect to social media in child welfare work. We further report on state training administrators’ views of the perceived risks vs. benefits of the use of social media in various case management tasks and in enhancing the well-being of youth in out-of-home care. Agencies would reduce their liability risks and at the same time benefit their staff and clients by developing policies that offer guidelines to protect agency and staff privacy and safety, as well as client privacy and safety. Agencies may also promote the well-being of youth in out-of-home care by providing adequate information to staff and care-givers regarding the safe use of social media to create and maintain appropriate connections.