bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New View of the Size–Mass Distribution of Galaxies: Using r20 and r80 Instead of r50
Authors: Miller Tim B. , Dokkum Pieter van , Mowla Lamiya , Wel Arjen van der
Published: February 2019

When investigating the sizes of galaxies it is standard practice to use the half-light radius, r
50. Here we explore the effects of the size definition on the distribution of galaxies in the size–stellar mass plane. Specifically, we consider r
20 and r
80, the radii that contain 20% and 80% of a galaxy’s total luminosity, as determined from a Sérsic profile fit, for galaxies in the 3D-HST/CANDELS and COSMOS-DASH surveys. These radii are calculated from size catalogs based on a simple calculation assuming a Sérsic profile. We find that the size–mass distributions for r
20 and r
80 are markedly different from each other and also from the canonical r
50 distribution. The most striking difference is in the relative sizes of star-forming and quiescent galaxies at fixed stellar mass. Whereas quiescent galaxies are smaller than star-forming galaxies in r
50, this difference nearly vanishes for r
80. By contrast, the distance between the two populations increases for r
20. Considering all galaxies in a given stellar mass and redshift bin we detect a significant bimodality in the distribution of r
20, with one peak corresponding to star-forming galaxies and the other to quiescent galaxies. We suggest that different measures of the size are tracing different physical processes within galaxies; r
20 is closely related to processes controlling the star formation rate of galaxies and r
80 may be sensitive to accretion processes and the relation of galaxies with their halos.
Patients with HCV Genotype-1 who have Failed a Direct-Acting Antiviral Regimen: Virological Characteristics and Efficacy of Retreatment
Authors: Pisaturo Mariantonietta , Starace Mario , Minichini Carmine , De Pascalis Stefania , Macera Margherita , Occhiello Laura , Messina Vincenzo , Sangiovanni Vincenzo , Claar Ernesto , Precone Davide , Stornaiuolo Gianfranca , Stanzione Maria , Gentile Ivan , Brancaccio Giuseppina , Martini Salvatore , Masiello Addolorata , Megna Angelo Salomone , Coppola Carmine , Federico Alessandro , Sagnelli Evangelista , Persico Marcello , Lanza Alfonso Galeota , Marrone Aldo , Gaeta Giovanni Battista , Coppola Nicola
Published: February 2019

Background

This real-world clinical setting study characterized the virological patterns in genotype-1 patients failing interferon (IFN)-free regimens and evaluated the efficacy of re-treatment.

Methods

A total of 73 consecutive patients failing IFN-free regimens were enrolled (17 genotype-1a and 56 −1b). At failure Sanger sequencing of NS3, NS5A and NS5B regions was performed by home-made protocols.

Results

In patients having failed an NS3 inhibitor, the prevalence of NS3-RASs was higher in the 10 with genotype-1a than in the 24 with genotype-1b (80% versus 41.6%). In patients treated with an NS5A inhibitor, the prevalence of NS5A-RASs was very high in the 14 with genotype-1a and the 27 with genotype-1b (78.6% and 92.5%, respectively). In patients having failed sofosbuvir, the prevalence of NS5B-RASs was more frequently identified in the 45 with genotype-1b than in the 10 with genotype-1a (37.7% versus 10%). The prevalence of NS5B-RASs in patients having failed dasabuvir was high in both genotypes, 66.6% in the 6 with genotype-1a and 45.5% in the 11 with genotype-1b. The 6 patients re-treated with genotype-1a less frequently (50%) showed sustained virological response (SVR) than the 18 with genotype-1b (88.8%; P=0.07). SVR was more frequent in the 21 patients with an effective second-line direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimen than the 3 without (90.4% versus 0%; P<0.005).

Conclusions

The prevalence of RASs was high in our real-world population. NS3, NS5A and NS5B sequencing seems mandatory in the choice of DAA re-treatment.
Modeling spatial structure of thermokarst lake fields in permafrost of Western Siberia based on satellite images
Authors: Polishchuk Vladimir Yu , Muratov Ildar N , Polishchuk Yury M
Published: February 2019

Deciphering the satellite images of medium and high spatial resolution of the northern territories of Western Siberia has been carried out using geoinformation system ArcGIS 10.3. Images of medium resolution Landsat-8 and high resolution Kanopus-V were used. Kanopus-V images alluded to determine the number and areas of small lakes, which are considered as intensive sources of methane emission into the atmosphere from thermokarst lakes. Data on the spatial characteristics of thermokarst lakes were obtained. Based on the integration of images of medium and high spatial resolution, a synthesized histogram of the distribution of lakes in a wide range of sizes was constructed, taking into account small lakes. The obtained histogram was approximated by a lognormal distribution law by the Pearson criterion with a probability of 0.99. Based on the geo-simulation approach, a new model of the spatial structure of the fields of thermokarst lakes is presented, taking into account the lognormal law of the lake size-distribution. Algorithms for modeling the spatial structure of the fields of thermokarst lakes are described. An example of modeling the field of thermokarst lakes with a lognormal law of their size-distribution is given. The practical applicability of the previously developed model with an exponential distribution of lakes in size, based on data from Landsat images, has been experimentally confirmed. The results can be used to obtain predictions of the dynamics of methane emissions from the thermokarst lakes of the Arctic zone of Northern Eurasia for the coming decades in the context of climate changes.
Hermetia illucens larvae reared on different substrates in broiler quail diets: effect on apparent digestibility, feed-choice and growth performance
Authors: Woods M.J. , Cullere M. , Van Emmenes L. , Vincenzi S. , Pieterse E. , Hoffman L.C. , Zotte A. Dalle
Published: February 2019

This research is aimed at improving the fatty acid profile ofHermetia illucens larvae and evaluating the effect of its inclusion on the apparent nutrient digestibility, feed choice, growth performance and slaughter traits of growing broiler quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica).H. illucens larvae (IM) were reared on two different substrates: layer mash (IM1) and 50:50 layer mash:fish offal (IM2). For the digestibility and feed choice trials, a total of sixty 16-day-old quails were assigned to three dietary groups: commercial diet (Control=C), a diet including 10% IM1 (IM1D), and a diet including 10% IM2 (IM2D). For the growth performance trial, a total of three hundred 10-day-old birds were allocated to the three dietary groups and fed the experimental diets until slaughter. Results of the digestibility trial showed a higher apparent metabolisable energy for larvae fed quail (14.0 and 13.9 MJ/kg DM vs 12.9 MJ/kg DM, (P<0.001). The IM2D quails also showed higher apparent digestibility for dry matter and organic matter. Feed choice results indicated that quails preferred the C diet compared to diets includingH. illucens dried larvae. Productive performance, mortality and carcass traits were in line with commercial standards except for the IM2 quails which exhibited lower slaughter weight compared to C and IM1 fed quails. Based on the results of the present study, a 10% dietary inclusion ofH. illucens larvae reared on a substrate rich in n-3 fatty acids did not negatively affect the apparent digestibility of nutrients, mortality, nor carcass yield. However, feed choice, growth rate and final carcass weight were negatively influenced by the IM2 diet. This result requires further investigations which should include the addition of an anti-oxidant.
Argus II Retinal Prosthesis Implantation in a Patient With a History Of Strabismus Surgery:A Surgical Technique
Authors: Narala Ramsudha , Humayun Mark S. , Ameri Hossein
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

The authors describe a modified surgical technique for Argus II retinal prosthesis implantation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

The modified surgical technique was performed in a 43-year-old male with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) who underwent strabismus surgery in that eye at age 8.

RESULTS:

During Argus II implantation, the lateral rectus (LR) was noted to be 10 mm posterior to its original insertion due to prior strabismus surgery. The authors placed three 5-0 nylon mattress sutures at the expected location of the LR to support the external portion of the prosthesis, specifically the coil. The band was then passed through the mattress sutures, underneath the inferior, and medial recti with temporal placement of the coil.

CONCLUSION:

Placement of three mattress sutures allowed proper positioning of the device and enabled fixation of the suture tabs, thus minimizing the risk of postoperative conjunctival erosion and device exposure.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:116–119.]
Transformation of Higher Education in China
Authors: Wang Victor , Torrisi-Steele Geraldine
Published: February 2019

Facilitated by the explosion of technologies, globalization is the catalyst for many changes in society and its workings. Higher education is no exception. In the present chapter from a teaching methods perspective, the authors consider China's higher education system and the transformations it is undergoing, largely as a response to globalization. Given that the employment capabilities of graduates are influenced by teaching methods they experienced throughout their education, and in turn, once gaining employment graduates' capabilities make some on the nation, it is appropriate and useful to adopt a teaching methods perspective on educational transformation. Thus, to further understanding of the status of teaching methods in China, the chapter reports on a study comparing Chinese adult education methods with Western educational methods. A conceptual framework of the principles of andragogy is used. The study results, consistent with other literature of adult education in China, indicate that some andragogical elements are used by Chinese educators.
Implementing Technology and Designed-Based Solutions to Create an Online Learning Environment
Authors: Ahern Terence C.
Published: February 2019

Technology has radically altered not only access but also how instruction is delivered. Modern learning management systems (LMS) improve access to instruction by removing the barriers of time and of location. Students can literally go to school anywhere at any time. The use of learning technologies online has become a ubiquitous practice as a result of the spread of the internet. Even though the quality and value of technology-based instruction has rapidly increased, the use of e-learning technologies does not automatically guarantee good instruction. Even though the quality and value of technology-based instruction has rapidly increased, the use of e-learning technologies does not automatically guarantee good instruction. This chapter is about the choices and the design decisions that impact the delivery and deployment of technology-based instruction. Each of these choices requires an understanding of the trade-offs that the decision makers need to consider.
Learning Management Systems
Authors: Durak Gürhan , Çankaya Serkan
Published: February 2019

One of the technologies used in education is the learning management system (LMS). Selecting the correct LMS is important for all education institutions so that they can avoid a number of difficulties and problems in future. To be able to select the correct LMS, it is necessary to examine the features of current LMSs in the market comparatively, to determine their capability of meeting the needs of the education institution and to follow the trends in LMS use. This chapter presents information about LMS types, features of commonly used LMSs, the trends in LMS use, and about the results of related studies in literature. Today, Blackboard, Moodle, Edmodo, and Canvas are among the most commonly used LMSs. Though these LMSs have many features in common, they also differ from one another in certain aspects. Therefore, it is seen that different education institutions tend to prefer different LMSs in line with their needs. In this respect, the selected LMS should be appropriate to the needs of the institution and to its current resources.
Corporates in the Digital Age
Authors: Azzam Hammad
Published: February 2019

A proposition for digital transformation of global groups into efficient enterprises is introduced. At the heart of the proposition is a transformational practice aimed at creating a customer-focused, data-driven global culture in any customer-serving company. The digital age has added a level of complexity to the way we acquire and serve customers. Doing a good job in the traditional channels is not enough anymore. Online is increasingly becoming the channel of choice with the two main customer-interaction paradigms: sell and service. And building a great customer experience is probably the most essential factor of success for both functions.
Impact of Digitalization on Category Management
Authors: Mohammed Arif , Panserini Ricardo Cesar
Published: February 2019

The discipline of category management has always played an important role within retailers as well as their CPG manufacturer suppliers. While the eight steps within the category management process (category definition, category role, category assessment, category scorecard, category strategies, category tactics, category implementation, and category review) have remained the same, with digitalization the discipline is undergoing a massive transformation, and the approach to the process is getting disrupted through the availability of huge volumes of transactional data, customer loyalty data; advancement in hardware technology through better scanners, image recognition devices, sensors and IoT devices and machine learning, and artificial intelligence. In this chapter, the authors take a closer look at the eight-step category management process, the traditional approach, the enabler for disruption, the new approach, and its benefits and what the future may hold.
Green Supply Chain Management Practices and Digital Technology
Authors: Sony Michael
Published: February 2019

Modern day organizations have begun to implement the green supply chain management (GSCM) practices in response to demand from various stakeholders which includes customers to create products and services that are environmentally sustainable. The digital technology has been a boon in erstwhile supply chain management practices. However, the impact of digital technology on various dimensions of GSCM practices are not yet studied. This chapter explores the impact of digital technology on green supply chain management practices. A qualitative study is conducted on managers working in organizations using GSCM. The data is analyzed in line with interpretative phenomenology analysis approach. The impact of digital technology is analyzed on the five dimensions of GSCM practices suggested in earlier research. The research propositions are developed, and future research opportunities are identified.
Ethics in Accounting and Finance
Authors: Oncioiu Ionica , Dănescu Tatiana , Popa Maria-Alexandra
Published: February 2019

Accounting and taxation are two key functions for optimal performance of an entity's economic activity. Accounting, on the one hand, helps to provide the information needed for decision-making, and taxation, on the other hand, helps to find resources and use them efficiently. These two systems cannot function properly without trust, without ethics. This chapter aims to study the issue of applying ethical conduct in the fiscal and accounting field as well as to analyze the causes and consequences of ethical and unethical conduct specific to the topic addressed. Also, this chapter aims to present some proposals and recommendations for solving the identified problems.
Agile Approaches for Successfully Managing and Executing Projects in the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Emejom Alexius A. , Burgess Carl , Pepper Donna , Adkins Joan
Published: February 2019

The fourth industrial revolution utilizes artificial intelligence by automating large quantities of numbers to increase the chances of project success. The Project Management Institute lists examples of project outcomes, including but not limited to the Pyramids of Giza, the Great Wall of China, the Panama Canal, and the placement of the International Space Station into Earth's orbit. This chapter highlights how the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) impacted the evolution of agile project management practices. It discusses how these could be applied in conjunction with traditional waterfall project management or as a standalone approach. Topics discussed include a definition and elements of project management, waterfall vs. agile project management, transitioning to agile methods, developments in agile project management, agile practices, and leading agile projects and project managers.
Adoption of Design Thinking in Industry 4.0 Project Management
Authors: Dilan Ebru , Aydin Mehmet N.
Published: February 2019

Management of Industry 4.0 projects needs to have a distinct discourse, be flexible, iterative and creative. These projects are tightly linked with the way people work which is directly related to both their capabilities and their ways of thinking. Challenging Industry 4.0 projects entail out-of-the-box thinking. The basic premise of this research is that the complex transformation accompanying Industry 4.0, which involves various dimensions, requires extensive and effective project management that can leverage novel approaches and techniques such as design thinking. This new approach may overcome the limitations of the dominant model of standard project management and has the potential to bridge the gap between a refreshed project management perspective and the tools/techniques in practical use. Deciding whether, and to what extent, design thinking needs to be adopted in practice in Industry 4.0 project management is a challenge. However, it is time to start exploring the challenges governing the interface between agile approaches such as design thinking and Industry 4.0 project management.
A Managerial Perspective for the Software Development Process
Authors: Birgün Semra , Altan Zeynep
Published: February 2019

The companies will become the center of business with the Industry 4.0 revolution implementing IT integration, cloud-based applications, data management, rapid decision-making operations, etc. These transformations can be realized with an effective project management, and project managers have a big role in this context. The quality of the software is very important for Industry 4.0, given that it can be as strong as the weakest link in a chain. Collaboration between producers and customers plays an increasingly important role in software processes where agile applications have recently been proposed. In this chapter, for the success of the project manager, Theory of Constraints is applied to remove the problems that may be encountered with the implementation of the agile methods during identifying the problem and determining its solution. The proposed solutions to uncover the reasons not reaching the targeted quality and removing the obstacles will be a guide for software project managers.
Enrichment of Distribution System Stability Through Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm and Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Rao Gummadi Srinivasa , Obulesh Y. P. , Rao B. Venkateswara
Published: February 2019

In this chapter, an amalgamation of artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm and artificial neural network (ANN) approach is recommended for optimizing the location and capacity of distribution generations (DGs) in distribution network. The best doable place in the network has been approximated using ABC algorithm by means of the voltage deviation, power loss, and real power deviation of load buses and the DG capacity is approximated by using ANN. In this, single DG and two DGs have been considered for calculation of doable place in the network and capacity of the DGs to progress the voltage stability and reduce the power loss of the system. The power flow of the system is analyzed using iterative method (The Newton-Raphson load flow study) from which the bus voltages, active power, reactive power, power loss, and voltage deviations of the system have been achieved. The proposed method is tested in MATLAB, and the results are compared with particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, ANN, and hybrid PSO and ANN methods for effectiveness of the proposed system.
Power Quality and Stability Analysis of Variable-Speed Drive Systems (VSDS)
Authors: Nadweh Safwan Mhrez , Khaddam Ola Ahmad
Published: February 2019

This chapter introduces an analysis of power quality of variable-speed drive systems (VSDS). In this chapter, several issues have been discussed as VSDS in terms of cost and effectiveness, VSDS control loops (open loop, closed loop), and power quality in VSDS. Harmonics standards and harmonics in VSDS were discussed in this chapter in addition to highlighting the effects of harmonics on power factor, crest factor, and other power quality specifications. The solutions used to mitigate the harmonics in VSDS were discussed in detail. Finally, simulation of the conventional VSDS model and VSDS with one harmonic mitigation solution in order to clarify the usefulness of using this solution on power quality specifications were discussed.
Operation and Control of Microgrid
Authors: M. Maheswari , S. Gunasekharan
Published: February 2019

The demand for electricity is increasing day by day due to technological advancements. According to the demand, the size of the grid is also increasing rapidly in the past decade. However, the traditional centralized power grid has many drawbacks such as high operating cost, customer satisfaction, less reliability, and security. Distribution generation has less pollution, high energy efficiency, and flexible installation than traditional generation. It also improves the performance of the grid in peak load and reliability of supply. The concept of micro-grid has been raised due to the advent of new technologies and development of the power electronics and modern control theory. Micro-grid is the significant part of the distribution network in the future of smart grid, which has advanced and flexible operation and control pattern, and integrates distributed clean energy.
A New Approach based Bee Colony for the Resolution of Routing Problem in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks
Authors: Labed Said , Kout Akram , Chikhi Salim
Published: February 2019

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an autonomous system of mobile hosts (nodes) connected by a wireless link that forms a temporary network without the aid of any established infrastructure or centralized administration. The main problem of MANETs is the design of routing protocols that allow for communication among the hosts. The dynamic nature of such networks makes this problem especially challenging. The routing problems in ad hoc networks are due to their unpredictable and dynamic nature and the few resources (speed and autonomy). Therefore, bio-inspired algorithms are widely used to design adaptive routing strategies for MANETs. In this study, the authors propose a new approach based on the bee colony for the resolution of the routing problem in MANETs. The implementation (simulation) of the method is realized by Matlab, and the authors select Random WayPoint as mobility model. To validate the work, the authors compare the proposed approach with the AODV routing protocol in terms of the Quality of Service parameters, namely, End-to-End Delay, Packet Delivery Ratio and the Normalized Overhead Load.
A Decision Support System for On-Demand Goods Delivery Using Shared Autonomous Electric Vehicles
Authors: Jaoua Amel , Ben Ammar Marouen , Awasthi Anjali
Published: February 2019

This article presents a strategic decision support system (DSS) for on-demand delivery companies in urban areas. This DSS is designed and developed for the promising new concept of goods delivery based on a fleet of Shared Autonomous Electric Vehicles (SAEVs). A simulation-based optimization model is proposed to solve the fleet sizing and composition problems. The efficiency of the developed strategic DSS in determining best fleet size and composition under different scenarios is demonstrated. This article provides managerial insights to help goods delivery companies, who intend to use SAEVs, in determining the type and number of vehicles to acquire.
The Adoption and Development of Airbnb Services in Norway
Authors: Strommen-Bakhtiar Abbas , Vinogradov Evgueni
Published: February 2019

Collaborative consumption facilitated by peer-to-peer platforms has witnessed a rapid expansion in the areas of hospitality and tourism. However, it is very unevenly distributed across countries, regions, cities and neighborhoods. The aim of this article is to investigate why collaborative consumption takes off early and continues flourishing in some regions, while remaining almost non-existent in other regions. The extant literature provides some insights into the effect of demand-side factors on sharing economy. However, this literature largely neglects the role of supply. Informed by the innovation adaption literature, the present study seeks to address this gap. The analysis reveals that regions with a) well-developed tourism industry, b) relatively large number of available properties, and c) situated near the main tourist attractions, tend to have relatively large supply of Airbnb listings and relatively many Airbnb tourists. An early adoption of Airbnb services is also associated with availability of properties to rent out.
Differential Influence of IL-9 and IL-17 on Actin Cytoskeleton Regulates the Migration Potential of Human Keratinocytes
Authors: Das Sreya , Srinivasan Srisathya , Srivastava Ankita , Kumar Sushant , Das Gargi , Das Suman , Dwivedi Alka , Karulkar Atharva , Makkad Khushi , Bilala Richa , Gupta Ankit , Sawant Abhijeet , Nayak Chitra , Tayalia Prakriti , Purwar Rahul
Published: February 2019

T cells mediate skin immune surveillance by secreting specific cytokines and regulate numerous functions of keratinocytes, including migration during homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. Keratinocyte migration is mediated mainly by proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular matrix and/or by cytoskeleton reorganization. However, the cross-talk between T cell cytokines and actomyosin machinery of human primary keratinocytes (HPKs), which is required for cytoskeleton reorganization and subsequent migration, remains poorly examined. In this study, we describe that IL-9 profoundly reduced the actin stress fibers, inhibited contractility, and reduced the cortical stiffness of HPKs, which resulted in inhibition of the migration potential of HPKs in an adhesion- and MMP-independent manner. Similarly, IL-9 inhibited the IFN-γ–induced migration of HPKs by inhibiting the actomyosin machinery (actin stress fibers, contractility, and stiffness). IL-17A increased the actin stress fibers, promoted cellular contractility, and increased proteolytic collagen degradation, resulting in increased migration potential of HPKs. However, IL-9 inhibited the IL-17A–mediated HPKs migration. Mechanistically, IL-9 inhibited the IFN-γ– and IL-17A–induced phosphorylation of myosin L chain in HPKs, which is a major regulator of the actomyosin cytoskeleton. Finally, in addition to HPKs, IL-9 inhibited the migration of A-431 cells (epidermoid carcinoma cells) induced either by IFN-γ or IL-17A. In conclusion, our data demonstrate the influence of T cell cytokines in differentially regulating the actomyosin cytoskeleton and migration potential of human keratinocytes, which may have critical roles in skin homeostasis and pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases as well as skin malignancies.
Increased GITRL Impairs the Function of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Exacerbates Primary Sjögren Syndrome
Authors: Tian Jie , Rui Ke , Hong Yue , Wang Xiaohui , Xiao Fan , Lin Xiang , Ma Jie , Guo Hongye , Xu Huaxi , Ma Kongyang , Xu Dong , Liu Dongzhou , Zhao Yan , Lu Liwei , Wang Shengjun
Published: February 2019

Although the expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) has been reported in autoimmune disorders, it is largely unclear how MDSCs contribute to the development of primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS). In this study, we found significantly increased MDSCs with gradually diminished suppressive capacity during disease development in mice with experimental Sjögren syndrome (ESS). The ligand for glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family–related protein (GITRL) was increased along ESS progression, whereas the increased GITRL was found to attenuate the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs. Moreover, blocking GITR signal in MDSCs significantly restored their immunosuppressive function and alleviated ESS progression in mice. In pSS patients, expanded MDSCs were found to express low levels of arginase. Significantly increased serum GITRL levels were closely correlated with patients with higher Sjögren syndrome disease activity index. Furthermore, treatment with recombinant GITRL markedly reduced the immunosuppressive function of human MDSCs. Together, our studies have demonstrated a critical role of GITRL in modulating the suppressive function of MDSCs, which may facilitate the validation of GITRL as a therapeutic target for the treatment of pSS.
A20 Orchestrates Inflammatory Response in the Oral Mucosa through Restraining NF-κB Activity
Authors: Li Yajie , Mooney Erin C. , Holden Sara E. , Xia Xia-Juan , Cohen David J. , Walsh Scott W. , Ma Averil , Sahingur Sinem E.
Published: February 2019

Deregulated immune response to a dysbiotic resident microflora within the oral cavity leads to chronic periodontal disease, local tissue destruction, and various systemic complications. To preserve tissue homeostasis, inflammatory signaling pathways involved in the progression of periodontitis must be tightly regulated. A20 (TNFAIP3), a ubiquitin-editing enzyme, has emerged as one of the key regulators of inflammation. Yet, the function of A20 in the oral mucosa and the biological pathways in which A20 mitigates periodontal inflammation remain elusive. Using a combination of in vivo and ex vivo disease models, we report in this study that A20 regulates inflammatory responses to a keystone oral bacterium, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and restrains periodontal inflammation through its effect on NF-κB signaling and cytokine production. Depletion of A20 using gene editing in human macrophage-like cells (THP-1) significantly increased cytokine secretion, whereas A20 overexpression using lentivirus infection dampened the cytokine production following bacterial challenge through modulating NF-κB activity. Similar to human cells, bone marrow–derived macrophages from A20-deficient mice infected with P. gingivalis displayed increased NF-κB activity and cytokine production compared with the cells isolated from A20-competent mice. Subsequent experiments using a murine ligature-induced periodontitis model showed that even a partial loss of A20 promotes an increased inflammatory phenotype and more severe bone loss, further verifying the critical function of A20 in the oral mucosa. Collectively, to our knowledge, these findings reveal the first systematic evidence of a physiological role for A20 in the maintenance of oral tissue homeostasis as a negative regulator of inflammation.
Modeling and Numerical Simulation of the Recurrence of Ozone
Depletion Events in the Arctic Spring
Authors: Herrmann Maximilian , Cao Le , Sihler Holger , Platt Ulrich , Gutheil Eva
Published: February 2019

Abstract. This paper presents a numerical study of the recurrences (or oscillations) of tropospheric ozone depletion events, ODEs, using the further developed one-dimensional chemistry transport model KINAL-T. Reactive bromine is the major contributor to the occurrence of ODEs. After the termination of an ODE, the reactive bromine in the air is deposited onto aerosols or on the snow surface, and the ozone may regenerate via NOx-catalyzed photochemistry or by turbulent transport from the free troposphere into the boundary layer. The replenished ozone then is available for the next cycle of autocatalytic bromine release (bromine explosion) leading to another ODE. The recurrence periods are found to be as low as five days for the purely chemically NOx-driven oscillation and 30 days for a diffusion-driven recurrence. An important requirement for recurrences of ODEs to occur is found to be a sufficiently strong inversion layer. In a parameter study, the dependence of the recurrence period on the nitrogen oxides concentration, the inversion layer strength, the ambient temperature, the aerosol density, and the solar radiation is investigated. Parameters controlling the recurrence of ODEs are discussed.
Multi-decadal Hydrologic Change and Variability in the Amazon River Basin: Understanding Terrestrial Water Storage Variations and Drought Characteristics
Authors: Chaudhari Suyog , Pokhrel Yadu , Moran Emilio , Miguez-Macho Gonzalo
Published: February 2019

Abstract. We investigate the interannual and interdecadal hydrological changes in the Amazon river basin and its sub-basins during 1980–2015 period, using GRACE satellite data and a physically-based, 2-km grid continental scale hydrological model (Leaf-Hydro-Flood) that incorporates a prognostic groundwater scheme and the effects of land use land cover change (LULC). The analyses focus on the dominant mechanisms that modulate terrestrial water storage (TWS) variations and droughts. Our results indicate that (1) the model simulates the basin-averaged TWS variations remarkably well, however, disagreements are observed in spatial patterns of temporal trends for post-2008 period, (2) the 2010s is the driest period since 1980, characterized by a major shift in decadal mean compared to 2000s due to the increased frequency of droughts, (3) long-term trends in TWS suggests that the Amazon as a whole is getting wetter (1.13 mm/y), but its southern and south-eastern sub-basins are facing significant negative TWS trends, caused primarily by intensified LULC changes, (4) increasing divergence between dry season total water deficit (TWD) and TWS release (TWS-R) suggest a strengthening dry season, especially in the southern and south-eastern sub-basins, and (5) the sub-surface storage regulates the propagation of meteorological droughts into hydrological droughts by strongly modulating TWS release with respect to its storage preceding the drought condition. Our simulations provide crucial insight on the importance of sub-surface storage in alleviating surface water deficit across Amazon and open pathways for improving prediction and mitigation of extreme droughts under changing climate and increasing hydrologic alterations due to human activities (e.g., LULC change).
BREVE ABORDAGEM SOBRE PROVÉRBIOS ANGOLANOS A PARTIR DA PERSPECTIVA DE WHITNEY E HUMBOLDT
Authors: BERNARDO Ezequiel Pedro José
Published: February 2019

O presente artigo visa verificar nas abordagens dos livros “Linguagem, Literatura, Bildung” (HUMBOLDT, 2006) e “A Vida da Linguagem” (WHITNEY, 2010) aspectos que permitem a compreensão da língua num prisma social, bem como estabelecer uma relação da língua como os provérbios. Verifica-se que a visão de Whitney (2010) motivou uma reviravolta nos estudos da linguagem ao postular que a língua é uma instituição social, ela resulta da conexão de múltiplos itens lexicais que motivam as diferentes mudanças decorrentes de questões históricas que envolvem vontades e sentimentos dos indivíduos. Em Humboldt, a língua é vista como um processo, uma actividade (energia) e não um produto (ergon). Para este, a língua passa de geração em geração e da constituição no seu conjunto permite obter uma visão de mundo, de nação, do espírito do povo. De modo a concretizar o estudo, baseamo-nos em revisão bibliográfica. A concepção de língua apresentada por Whitney (2010) e Humboldt (2006) permite que a relacionamos com o uso dos provérbios como sendo práticas linguísticas e culturais de grupos situados.
DA NEGRITUDE À REALIDADE DO NEGRO NOS POEMAS DE AGOSTINHO NETO E GERALDO BESSA VICTOR
Authors: TITO Salvador B. Domingos
Published: February 2019

A negritude foi um ideal bastante importante nas literaturas africanas de expressão portuguesa. Esta literatura nasce do contacto entre duas culturas, a africana e a portuguesa. Assim, enquanto desenvolvidas, as literaturas africanas lusófonas assumiram diversos papéis, dos quais, serviram para contestar os males horrendos, causados maioritariamente pelo colonialismo, e ainda para apresentar a realidade penosa do negro. O presente artigo teve como intuito explicar a trajetória da negritude enquanto movimento literário, circunscrevendo o seu percurso nas literaturas africanas de expressão portuguesa, de modo particular na literatura angolana. Deste modo, para que se constatasse a real situação do negro foram analisados os poemas de dois escritores angolanos, Agostinho Neto e Geraldo Bessa Victor. Porém, a realização da análise dos poemas permitiu verificar como os dois autores que se revestiram do espírito da negritude, exprimem a realidade do homem negro.
ANÁLISE FONOLÓGICA E SEMÂNTICO-COGNITIVA DOS IDEOFONES DO CHANGANA
Authors: LANGA David , NHAMPOCA Ezra Chambal
Published: February 2019

A presente comunicação visa apresentar e discutir os ideofones em Changana (S53). Os ideofones são a associação entre um determinado som, cor, estado, dor, intensidade, etc. e a consequente reação na mente do indivíduo (DOKE, 1935; SITOE, 1996). Desde esta data, vários estudos e propostas de definição de ideofones foram realizados, mais recentemente Nhampoca (2018, p. 284) propõe ideofones como “uma unidade lexical marcada que desempenha, principalmente, a função predicadora e modificadora de uma ação, um evento, um estado, marcando cenas intensas que ocorrem em situações específicas na língua”. O conceito inovador na teoria linguística, visto que a sua semântica, fonologia e sobretudo morfologia não cabiam nas cinco categorias lexicais principais tradicionais a saber: “N(ome), V(erbo), ADJ(ectivo), ADV(érbio) e PREP(osição) categorias tradiconais (LANGA, 2004; 2013). O presente estudo é interdisciplinar envolvendo a área da linguística cognitiva, teoria de marcação tipológica (CROFT, 2000; 2001) e o princípio de marcação (GIVON, 1995; 2001) e área da fonologia, teoria de traços distintivos (CHOMSKY & HALLE, 1968) e a peso fonológico (HYMAN, 1975; NGUNGA, 2000). O texto argumenta que, em Changana, o ideofone é um predicador marcado em relação ao verbo na medida em que o verbo predica no estado básico das coisas e o ideofone em situações específicas. Fonologicamente, os ideofones ganham intensidade e expressividade através das unidades portadoras de tom, tal que o peso fonológico é proporcional à construção cognitiva do falante/ouvinte. A metodologia de recolha de dados usada foi a consulta bibliográfica (NHAMPOCA, 2010; SITOE, 2011) e entrevista. A análise de dados é baseada na gramática de construções radical (CROFT, 2000, 2001) e através do método experimental (speeech analyser). O estudo conclui que há uma clara interdisciplinaridade entre as duas áreas discutidas e que ideofones são palavras marcadas que pode intensificar sua carga semântico-cognitiva em conformidade com o peso da vogal.
VOICE° AND V° CAUSE: EVIDENCE OF NON-VOICE BUNDLING IN NYUNGWE
Authors: CÂMARA Crisófia Langa , NGUNGA Armindo
Published: February 2019

While Marantz (1984) was the first to present the idea supporting the assumption that external arguments are not true arguments of their verbs, it was Kratzer (1996) who first developed a theory about how Marantz’s (1984) proposal can be executed in syntax. Kratzer (1996) suggested that external arguments are introduced by Voice, which has VP as its complement. Therefore, in recent studies within the Minimalist Program, Pylkkänen (2008) suggested that vP Cause and VoiceP are two independent projections in the inventory of functional heads. The aim of the present paper is to discuss non-Voice bundling parameter as proposed by Pylkkänen (2008) using data from Nyungwe, a Bantu language spoken by 457.290 people in two Mozambican provinces, namely, Tete and Manica, (SITOE and NGUNGA, 2000; NGUNGA and FAQUIR, 2011). In Nyungwe Voice° and Cause° are two functional heads projected independently.
AVALIAÇÃO DO PERFIL IMUNOGÊNICO DE VACINAS INATIVADAS CONTRA AGALAXIA CONTAGIOSA EM CAPRINOS
Authors: Cavalcanti Aline Antas Cordeiro , Campos Ana Claudia , Melo Marcia Almeida , Moraes Aline Guedes Mamede , Lima Aldenir Cavalcanti , Azevedo Edisio Oliveira
Published: February 2019

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil imunogênico em caprinos de três vacinas inativadas contra agalaxia contagiosa (AC), preparadas com linhagens de Mycoplasma agalactiae isoladas no Brasil. A vacina 1 foi adsorvida em hidróxido de alumínio, a vacina 2 em Montanide IMS-2215-VG e a vacina 3 em Montanide Gel-01. O perfil proteico do antígeno vacinal foi avaliado por SDS-PAGE e a imunogenicidade da vacina pela técnica de Western blotting. A vacina foi administrada em três doses, com intervalo de 21 dias entre a primeira e a segunda e de 180 dias entre a segunda e a terceira. O pool de soros de dez caprinos coletados nos períodos 0, 21, 35, 90, 150, 210, 270 e 360 dias pós-vacinação foram testados pela técnica de Western blotting. A vacina 2 foi mais antigênica, seguida da vacina 1. Os anticorpos foram observados 21dias após a primeira dose para as três vacinas. Houve diferença no perfil das proteínas que foram reconhecidas por anticorpos para as vacinas 1 e 2; a vacina 1 estimulou a produção de anticorpos contra as proteínas P48 e P55 e a vacina 2 contra a P48 e a P80. Conclui-se que as vacinas 1 e 2 tiveram um perfil semelhante quanto a indução da produção de anticorpos.
A INTERFERÊNCIA DA PRODUÇÃO DE LEITE NAS TAXAS DE RECUPERAÇÃO OOCITÁRIA E CONVERSÃO EM EMBRIÕES DE DOADORAS DAS RAÇAS GIR E MEIO SANGUE
Authors: Miquelanti Victor Henrique , Guaitolini Carlos Renato Freitas , Trevisol Eduardo , Crespilho Andre Maciel , Maziero Rosiara Rosária Dias
Published: February 2019

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a interação entre a produção de leite e a taxa de recuperação oocitária, produção in vitro de embriões e conversão oócito-embrião de doadoras da raça Gir, Girolando 1/2 sangue e Girolando 5/8. Para o estudo foram utilizadas 150 vacas doadoras de oócitos, selecionadas com base em seu mérito genético. Destas, 50 fêmeas da raça Gir (Bos taurus indicus), 60 fêmeas Girolando 1/2 sangue (1/2 Bos taurus taurus x 1/2 Bos taurus indicus) e 40 Girolando 5/8 (5/8 Bos taurus taurus x 3/8 Bos taurus indicus). A raça Gir apresentou recuperação oocitária inferior às demais avaliadas (Gir 17,5 ± 11,3 x Girolando 1/2 sangue 23,8 ± 15,0 x Girolando 5/8 24,8 ± 11,7) (P<0,05). Porém, o percentual de conversão em blastocistos mostrou ser superior, apesar de não apresentar diferença significativa na quantidade de embriões produzidos (Gir 29,1% x Girolando 1/2 sangue 27,7% x Girolando 5/8 18,5%) (P>0,05). Não houve interação entre a produção de leite e o genótipo da doadora (P>0,05). Entretanto, foi observado uma elevação na recuperação de oócitos e produção de embriões, com a progressão da curva de lactação nas raças Gir e Girolando 1/2 sangue. Por outro lado, as Girolando 5/8 apresentaram diminuição na recuperação de oócitos e conversão em embriões conforme aumento da produção leiteira. Assim, concluiu-se que produção de leite das matrizes não interferiu nos índices de recuperação de oócitos, tampouco na conversão em embriões. Entretanto, várias lacunas precisam ser preenchidas para melhor compreensão das características reprodutivas, principalmente de animais cruzados.
PERCEPÇÕES DE GESTANTES RIBEIRINHAS SOBRE A ASSISTÊNCIA PRÉ-NATAL
Authors: Pereira Alexandre Aguiar , Da Silva Fabiane Oliveira , Brasil Gisele De Brito , Rodrigues Ivaneide Leal Ataíde , Nogueira Laura Maria Vidal
Published: February 2019

Objetivos: o estudo objetivou identificar a importância do pré-natal para gestantes ribeirinhas e conhecer suas expectativas, discutindo esses aspectos com vistas a melhorar a qualidade da assistência de saúde a essas mulheres. Método: estudo qualitativo descritivo, cujos dados foram coletados de agosto a outubro de 2016, por entrevistas individuais com 15 gestantes que realizavam pré-natal na Unidade de Saúde da Família da Ilha do Combú, localizada ao Sul da cidade de Belém, Pará, e analisados por meio da técnica de análise temática. Resultados: dos depoimentos analisados, originaram-se duas categorias: A importância do pré-natal como garantia de saúde para a mãe e para o bebê, e O pré-natal como fortaleza e fonte de aprendizado. Conclusão: conhecer o significado do pré-natal na vida das gestantes, considerando suas particularidades, oferece subsídios para que o profissional de saúde, especialmente o enfermeiro, possa ajudar em possíveis lacunas, garantindo assistência pré-natal de qualidade.
INTERNAÇÕES DE ADOLESCENTES POR CONDIÇÕES SENSÍVEIS À ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA EM UMA REGIONAL DE SAÚDE
Authors: Freitas Jéssyca Slompo , Chaves Maria Marta Nolasco , Raksa Vivian Patricia , Larocca Liliana Muller
Published: February 2019

Objetivo: analisar as internações por condições sensíveis à Atenção Primária de adolescentes na segunda regional de saúde do Paraná no período de 2010 a 2014. Método: estudo ecológico retrospectivo, realizado no período de março a junho de 2016, com análise estatística descritiva de dados disponíveis no sistema de informações hospitalares. Resultados: das 87.321 internações de adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos, 9.858 (11,29%) foram por condições sensíveis à atenção primária. Entre as principais causas: infecção do rim e trato urinário (23,28%); gastroenterites infecciosas e complicações (18,96%); epilepsias (14,91%); doenças relacionadas ao pré-natal e parto (9,79%); e asma (10,51%). As internações na faixa etária de 15 a 19 anos representaram 57,52% com prevalência para o sexo feminino (66,64%). Conclusão: investigar a determinação das internações e dos processos que interferem na atenção primária à saúde para adolescentes pode reduzir hospitalizações evitáveis e aumentar a qualidade da atenção prestada ao adolescente.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOS CASOS DE DENGUE POR LOCALIZAÇÃO NO INTERIOR DE MATO GROSSO ENTRE 2007 E 2016
Authors: Santos Débora Aparecida da Silva , Freitas Anne Caroline Farias Ribeiro , Panham Érica Regina de Melo , De Olinda Ricardo Alves , Goulart Letícia Silveira , Berredo Valéria Cristina Menezes
Published: February 2019

Objetivo: caracterizar os casos notificados de dengue de acordo com a localização, em Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, entre 2007 e 2016. Método: estudo epidemiológico do tipo ecológico de abordagem quantitativa e descritiva. Dados de fonte secundária incluindo variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e localização dos casos de dengue. Foi utilizada estatística descritiva e apresentados mapas dos quantis dos casos, bem como a distribuição por bairros. Resultados: há indicativos que, embora seja observada notificação por toda extensão territorial, proliferou principalmente no Centro, Centros A e B e Vila Aurora, considerados bairros populosos e povoados. Também se observou que áreas com maior número de casos estão localizadas próximas a rios, córregos e áreas ambientais protegidas. Conclusão: o retrato geográfico da dengue deve alertar pesquisadores e a gestão de saúde do município sobre o comportamento da doença, a fim de um planejamento eficiente e execução de ações de prevenção e controle.