bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DINOV2-FCS: a model for fruit leaf disease classification and severity prediction
Authors: Bai Chunhui , Zhang Lilian , Gao Lutao , Peng Lin , Li Peishan , Yang Linnan
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The assessment of the severity of fruit disease is crucial for the optimization of fruit production. By quantifying the percentage of leaf disease, an effective approach to determining the severity of the disease is available. However, the current prediction of disease degree by machine learning methods still faces challenges, including suboptimal accuracy and limited generalizability.

Methods

In light of the growing application of large model technology across a range of fields, this study draws upon the DINOV2 visual large vision model backbone network to construct the DINOV2-Fruit Leaf Classification and Segmentation Model (DINOV2-FCS), a model designed for the classification and severity prediction of diverse fruit leaf diseases. DINOV2-FCS employs the DINOv2-B (distilled) backbone feature extraction network to enhance the extraction of features from fruit disease leaf images. In fruit leaf disease classification, for the problem that leaf spots of different diseases have great similarity, we have proposed Class-Patch Feature Fusion Module (C-PFFM), which integrates the local detailed feature information of the spots and the global feature information of the class markers. For the problem that the model ignores the fine spots in the segmentation process, we propose Explicit Feature Fusion Architecture (EFFA) and Alterable Kernel Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling (AKASPP), which improve the segmentation effect of the model.

Results

To verify the accuracy and generalizability of the model, two sets of experiments were conducted. First, the labeled leaf disease dataset of five fruits was randomly divided. The trained model exhibited an accuracy of 99.67% in disease classification, an mIoU of 90.29%, and an accuracy of 95.68% in disease severity classification. In the generalizability experiment, four disease data sets were used for training and one for testing. The mIoU of the trained model reached 83.95%, and the accuracy of disease severity grading was 95.24%.

Discussion

The results demonstrate that the model exhibits superior performance compared to other state-of-the-art models and that the model has strong generalization capabilities. This study provides a new method for leaf disease classification and leaf disease severity prediction for a variety of fruits. Code is available at https://github.com/BaiChunhui2001/DINOV2-FCS.
Cutting carbon and nitrogen footprints of maize production by optimizing nitrogen management under different irrigation methods
Authors: Di Yunfei , Gao Yu , Yang Haibo , Yan Dong , Tang Yuzhe , Zhang Weijian , Hu Yuncai , Li Fei
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Analyzing the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application and water management on the carbon (C) and N footprints is vital to maize production systems.

Methods

This study conducted field experiments from 2019-2020 involving flood- and drip-irrigated maize production systems in Northwest China to analyze N and C footprints (NF and CF, respectively) based on the life cycle assessment (LCA). The N fertilizer treatments studied included no N fertilizer application (Control), optimized N management (OM), optimized N management incorporated with urease inhibitor (OMI, UI), and farmer practice (FP).

Results and discussion

The maize grain yields under flood irrigation afforded by OMI (12.3 t ha-1) and FP treatments (13.4 t ha-1) were significantly higher than that of OM treatment (11.0 t ha-1). But maize grain yields of the OM (12.1 t ha-1), OMI (12.5 t ha-1), and FP treatments (12.5 t ha-1) showed no significant difference under drip irrigation although less N was applied to OM and OMI. The OMI treatment had better environmental effects than the OM treatment under both flood and drip irrigation. Applying N fertilizer with UI increased N use efficiency (NUE) and reduced N losses under flood irrigation. The reactive N (Nr) losses, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, NF, and CF of OMI treatment were 43.9%, 45.3%, 35.7%, and 37.4% lower under flood irrigation (77.6 kg N ha-1, 4499.9 kg CO2 eq ha-1, 6.7 kg N t-1, and 387.7 CO2 eq N t-1) and 43.3%, 37.1%, 43.2%, and 37.1% lower under drip irrigation (57.8 kg N ha-1, 4144.3 kg CO2 eq ha-1, 4.7 kg N t-1, and 332.7 CO2 eq N t-1) compared to the FP treatment. The Nr losses, GHG emissions, NF, and CF of drip irrigation were lower than those of flood irrigation. According to the analysis of driven indicators, the N leaching, electricity for irrigation, and NH3 volatilization were the most important contributors to the NF; the fertilizer, electricity for irrigation, and N2O emissions were the dominant factors controlling the CF. The environmental impact of the OMI treatment was less than that of the OM and FP treatments. Therefore, integrating better N management practices and efficient irrigation methods can significantly reduce environmental impacts while maintaining yields in maize cultivation.
Molecular basis for loss of virulence in Magnaporthe oryzae strain AM16
Authors: Deng Jiahui , Zhang Ziya , Wang Xingli , Cao Yongni , Huang Huichuan , Wang Mo , Luo Qiong
Published: December 2024

The rapid virulence variation of Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) to rice is a big challenge for rice blast control. Even though many studies have been done by scientists all over the world, the mechanism of virulence variation in M. oryzae remains elusive. AM16, an avirulent M. oryzae strain reported in our previous study, provides an excellent entry point to explore the mechanism of virulence variation in M. oryzae. In this study, we found that the Pmk1 and Mac1 had specific mutations in strain AM16. The AM16 strains overexpressing Pmk1Guy11 or (and) Mac1Guy11 allele from strain Guy11 displayed significantly increasing conidiation, functional appressorium formation, and restoring pathogenicity to rice. Moreover, we observed that the strains overexpressing Mac1Guy11 had stronger conidia forming capacity than that of the strains overexpressing Pmk1Guy11, while the appressorium formation rate of strains overexpressing Pmk1Guy11 was similar to that of strains overexpressing Pmk1Guy11-Mac1Guy11, much higher than that of the strains overexpressing Mac1Guy11. Taken together, our results reveal that the natural mutation of Pmk1 and Mac1 genes are important, but not the sole cause, for the loss of virulence in strain AM16. The functional difference between Pmk1 and Mac1 in the growth and development of M. oryzae was first discovered, providing new insight into the pathogenic mechanism of M. oryzae.
Simulation of Pseudostellaria heterophylla distribution in China: assessing habitat suitability and bioactive component abundance under future climate change scenariosplant components
Authors: Li Xu , Wu Taosheng , Kang Chuangzhi , Zhang Xiaobo , Zhang Jinqiang , Yang Changgui , Yuan Qingsong , Zhou Tao , Xiao Chenghong
Published: December 2024

Background

Pseudostellaria heterophylla is used in traditional Chinese medicine, so ensuring an adequate supply of plant material with high levels of bioactive components is important.

Methods

Using an optimized maximum entropy niche model and assays of bioactive components from cultivation samples, this study started from the plant’s natural distribution area and estimated correlations of ecological factors with not only abundance of the plant but also abundance of polysaccharides and heterophyllin B. These correlations were combined with the spatial analysis function in ArcGIS to generate maps of the suitability of different habitats in China for cultivating P. heterophylla under current climate conditions and different models of climate change.

Results

The following ecological factors emerged as particularly important for habitat suitability: precipitation of driest month and driest quarter, annual precipitation, annual mean temperature, temperature seasonality, and mean temperature of coldest quarter, contributing to a cumulative total of 87%. Under current climate conditions, optimum habitats of P. heterophylla were mainly distributed in the southwestern region (Guizhou) and eastern regions (Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangsu) of China, and only 0.197×106 km2 of these areas were optimum habitat. In future climate change scenarios, the optimal habitat area of P. heterophylla exhibited an increase across different time periods under the SSP5-8.5 climate scenario. By the 2090s, distribution area of high heterophyllin B content under SSP5-8.5 climate scenarios will increase significantly, distribution area of high polysaccharide content had little change under all three climate scenarios (SSP 1-2.6, 2-4.5, 5-8.5). The center of mass of suitable habitat migrates southwestward under scenario SSP 1-2.6 and SSP 2-4.5, while it migrates northward under scenario SSP 5-8.5. Under the three climate scenarios, the center of mass of suitable habitat migrated consistently with that of high polysaccharide content but differed from that of high heterophyllin B content.

Conclusion

These findings provide a crucial foundation for cultivating P. heterophylla with superior medicinal properties, developing adaptive management strategies to enhance conservation efforts, and ensuring sustainable utilization in the face of global climate change.
Preference reversal in intertemporal decision making
Authors: Zhou Yan-Bang , Zhang Kun , Zhai Hong-Kun , Bao Qing , Xiao Shanshan , Dang Junhua
Published: December 2024

This study examines asymmetric preference reversals in intertemporal decision-making by comparing gain and loss contexts across choice and bidding tasks. In the gain context, participants preferred smaller, sooner (SS) rewards in choice tasks but assigned higher valuations to larger, later (LL) rewards in bidding tasks. Conversely, in the loss context, they showed a preference for LL options in choice tasks but provided lower bids for SS options. Bidding tasks consistently required longer decision times than choice tasks, indicating greater cognitive demands during valuation processes. A real-world questionnaire involving 370 participants validated these findings across economic and health-related scenarios. These results underscore the role of task formats in shaping preferences, offering practical insights for refining strategies in behavioral decision-making and applied contexts.
Using normalisation process theory to identify factors facilitating the scaling up of parenting programs for immigrant parents
Authors: Osman Fatumo , Schön Ulla-Karin , Salari Raziye
Published: December 2024

Objective

As most studies focus on the initial adaptation of culturally tailored parenting programs in real-world settings, scalability and sustainability remain understudied. In this study, we used normalization process theory (NPT) as a conceptual framework to identify and understand the contextual factors impacting the scalability and sustainability of a culturally tailored parenting program, Ladnaan, in three Swedish municipalities.

Method

Nineteen managers, coordinators, and group leaders completed a survey and participated in individual or focus group interviews.

Results

Our analyses showed that participants agreed on the need for the Ladnaan intervention among immigrant families. However, they were concerned that insufficient resources may hinder the recruitment and retention of parents, particularly as certain resources were allocated to the delivery of other, non-evidence-based interventions. Both managers and coordinators emphasized that embedding Ladnaan into everyday practice is conditioned on the collective work and engagement of all stakeholders, which will occur only if local authorities feel they own the program. The recruitment and retention of group leaders was mentioned as a key challenge in sustaining Ladnaan as the need for the program fluctuated over time.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the importance of promoting evidence-based programs within the services available for forcibly displaced parents, and of coordinating efforts to scale up and sustain these programs.
The relationship between urban residents’ physical exercise attitudes and sports consumption demands: the mediating role of physical activity level
Authors: Chen WeiSong , Zhou Bowei , Peng Bo , Li Lin
Published: December 2024

Object

This study examines the differences and relationships among urban residents’ physical exercise attitudes, physical activity levels, and sports consumption demands, focusing on how physical activity mediates the relationship between exercise attitudes and consumption behaviors.

Method

A survey was conducted among residents in Chengdu using validated questionnaires to measure physical exercise attitudes, physical activity levels, and sports consumption demands. Data analysis included independent samples t-tests and one-way ANOVA to assess differences across demographic variables, as well as correlation analysis and structural equation modeling to examine the path relationships among key variables.

Results

Independent samples t-tests and ANOVA showed significant differences in sports consumption demands across age, education, and income groups (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed significant positive relationships among physical exercise attitudes, physical activity levels, and sports consumption demands (p < 0.01). Structural equation modeling confirmed that physical activity levels partially mediated the relationship, with a direct effect size of 0.295 (p < 0.001) and an indirect effect size of 0.117 (p < 0.001), accounting for 28.4% of the total effect.

Conclusion

The study highlights that positive exercise attitudes significantly impact sports consumption demands directly and through the mediating role of physical activity levels. Enhancing physical activity can amplify the effects of exercise attitudes on consumption, providing insights for promoting sports participation and consumption in urban settings.
Perceptual distortions characteristic of Alice in Wonderland syndrome in contemporary figurative painting
Authors: Hyatt Erica , Blom Jan Dirk
Published: December 2024

Background

Alice in Wonderland syndrome (AIWS) is a neurological condition characterized by perceptual distortions, most of which are visual in nature (metamorphopsias). Over the past decade there has been a movement in contemporary figurative painting away from strict mimesis toward depicting distortions of the painting’s subject, called disrupted realism. In certain cases the similarities between the distortions in those paintings and those characteristic of AIWS are so striking that we suspect that artists may have experienced distorted perceptions themselves and used them for creative inspiration.

Methods

To empirically test this hypothesis we interviewed 20 painters who frequently use distortions in their work, using the SIntAD, a tailor-made, semi-structured questionnaire. We then carried out a phenomenological analysis of the perceptual phenomena reported on, and compared them with those in their paintings.

Results

Of the artists interviewed, 85% reported on having experienced positive disorders of perception in general (comprising hallucinations, perceptual distortions and other perceptual phenomena), with 55% reporting on a total number of 15 metamorphopsias. Most artists had not been aware of having these distortions to their perception. Nonetheless, most did not use these specific distortions in their work, but rather different types.

Conclusion

Symptoms of AIWS and other positive disorders of perception are common among contemporary painters who frequently use distortions in their figurative work, although perhaps not more common than in the general population. Artists in the disrupted-realism movement tend not to mimic their own perceptual distortions in their work, although they do feel inspired to distort their work in different ways.
A qualitative study of the experiences of young people with severe mental health problems and complex needs regarding youth flexible assertive community treatment
Authors: Johansen Marthe , Stuen Hanne Kilen , Brekke Eva , Jensen Camilla Bergsve , Landheim Anne
Published: December 2024

Youth Flexible Assertive Community Treatment (Youth Flexible ACT) is a service model for children and young people with severe mental health problems and complex needs aimed at providing integrated, continuous and holistic care. Studies on young people’s experiences of Youth Flexible ACT or similar models are scarce. The present qualitative study aimed to explore and describe how young people with severe mental health problems and complex needs experience follow-up and treatment provided by Youth Flexible ACT teams. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 young people (age range, 15–19 years) who were being followed up by a Youth Flexible ACT team. Qualitative content analysis was used, and the following two overarching themes characterizing the young people’s experiences of follow-up and treatment provided by Youth Flexible ACT teams were identified: (1) trusting and collaborative relationships, and (2) organization matters. The participants experienced a more personal relationship with the staff, who behaved more like friends and paid attention to resources, interests, solutions and their context. The participants emphasized and valued components that coincided with the Youth Flexible ACT model, indicating a match between what the young people needed and wanted and what the model was supposed to provide. The team providing these relationships and youth-friendly and developmentally sensitive care appeared to be facilitated by how the service model was organized, with the teams being flexible and accessible while providing integrated, multifaceted help and systemic follow-up.
The relationship between sedentary behavior and non-suicidal self-injury behavior among adolescents in China
Authors: Guo Yaru , Yin Xiaojian , Xu Jianyi , Chen Fule , Zhang Feng , Liu Yuan , Sun Pengwei , Hong Jun , Hu Yanyan
Published: December 2024

Background

The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between sedentary behavior and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), and to provide a theoretical basis for preventing and reducing the occurrence of NSSI behavior and the development of intervention measures.

Methods

Between September and December 2021, a sedentary behavior and NSSI survey was administered to 10327 Chinese adolescents aged 12–17 who had been randomly selected using the stratified cluster random sampling method. The results were analyzed using the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis to explore the relationship between sedentary behavior and NSSI in this population.

Results

The study found an overall NSSI detection rate among the participants of 25.1%, with occasional NSSI and frequent NSSI detection rates of 11.0% and 14.1%, respectively. The NSSI detection rate is higher in girls than in boys. After controlling for related influencing factors, the NSSI detection rates among adolescents with sedentary behavior duration ≥8 hours and screen time ≥2 hours were 1.393(β= 0.332, P <0.01) and 1.569(β= 0.451, P <0.01) times higher than those with sedentary behavior duration <8 hours and screen time <2 hours, respectively.

Conclusion

Sedentary behavior, especially that related to screen time is closely related to the occurrence of NSSI in adolescents. To reduce the occurrence of NSSI, we should therefore pay attention to the harmful effects of sedentary behavior on the physical and mental health of teenagers, take corresponding measures to limit sedentary behavior and screen time, and guide teenagers to use electronic devices correctly.
Model-informed precision dosing of quetiapine in bipolar affective disorder patients: initial dose recommendation
Authors: Zheng Zi-Qiang , Jin Ying-Wei , Yin Di , Chen Xiao , He Su-Mei , Liu Chen-Xu , Zhang Cun , Wang Dong-Dong
Published: December 2024

Objective

Bipolar affective disorder (BAD) is a mood disorder with high morbidity and mortality. Quetiapine can be used in the treatment of patients with BAD; however, the precise administration regimen of quetiapine in these patients is still unknown. In this study, a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model of quetiapine in patients with BAD was constructed based on model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) and real-world clinical data and an optimal initial dose of quetiapine in these patients was recommended.

Methods

A total of 99 patients with BAD treated with quetiapine were included. At the same time, the quetiapine concentrations, the physical and chemical indices of the patients, and the drug combination information were collected. A quetiapine PPK model for patients with BAD was then constructed and an initial dose based on Monte Carlo simulation was recommended.

Results

In the final model of quetiapine for patients with BAD, the apparent oral clearance (CL/F) and the apparent volume of distribution (V/F) were 76.1 L/h and 530 L, respectively. For patients with BAD weighing 40–66 kg, the initial dose recommendation was 16 mg kg−1 day−1, the probability of reaching the therapeutic window was 78.8%–82.2%, and the probability of exceeding the upper limit of the therapeutic window was 5.2%–10.3%. For patients with BAD weighing 66–120 kg, the initial dose recommendation was 12 mg kg−1 day−1, the probability of reaching the therapeutic window was 81.5%–85.5%, and the probability of exceeding the upper limit of the therapeutic window was 3.6%–8.1%.

Conclusion

The present study, for the first time, recommended an initial dose of quetiapine in patients with BAD based on MIPD and real-world data, providing an individualized reference for the administration of quetiapine in these patients.
A case report of mental disorder caused by shunt blockage after hydrocephalus surgery
Authors: Wu Jingjing , Li Wei , Wang Yaping , Liu Lijin , Liu Lanying
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Hydrocephalus is a form of communication hydrocephalus syndrome characterized by ventricular enlargement and normal intraventricular pressure. The primary clinical manifestations include gait disturbances, cognitive dysfunction, urinary incontinence, and either elevated or normal intracranial pressure. This paper presents a case of a mental disorder resulting from inadequate drainage following a ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedure for hydrocephalus. The case report aims to enhance clinicians’ understanding of such organic brain lesions, which are prone to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment, thereby improving differential diagnostic skills.

Case presentation

This case report describes a 34-year-old male with a 16-year history of depressive disorder, previously managed with 150 mg of venlafaxine daily, 7.5 mg of zopiclone every night, and 2.4 g of piracetam every day. The patient underwent a ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedure for hydrocephalus, leading to the development of a mental disorder attributable to poor drainage from the shunt tube. Initial symptoms consisted of low mood, decreased interest, and cognitive impairment. Despite psychiatric consultation and antidepressant treatment, there was no improvement in his condition. The final diagnosis was an organic mental disorder. Following an increase in shunt drainage and the administration of a low dose of olanzapine, the patient’s psychiatric symptoms showed significant improvement.

Conclusion

Reporting this case seeks to enhance clinicians’ awareness of the psychiatric manifestations of organic brain lesions, expand the differential diagnostic approach for psychiatrists, and improve diagnostic accuracy. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for cautious use of psychiatric medications, appropriate symptomatic management, and timely referral when necessary.
Gender differences in self-rated health among older adults in the Chinese workforce
Authors: Li Wenyu , Xu Zhijie , Tang Wenjie
Published: December 2024

Introduction

This study investigates gender-based disparities in self-rated health among older individuals in the Chinese workforce, utilizing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Understanding these health gaps is crucial for crafting effective health policies and interventions in light of the rapidly aging population.

Materials and methods

Data from the 2020 CHARLS survey, comprising Chinese individuals aged 45 and above, were analyzed, focusing on older adults actively employed. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses examined gender discrepancies in self-rated health, considering diverse sociodemographic, economic, and health-related factors.

Results

Gender disparities in demographics, work environments, and self-rated health were observable among male and female participants. Older males tended to have higher rates of smoking and alcohol consumption, coupled with lower incomes. In contrast, females exhibited healthier behaviors influenced by access to healthcare and lifestyle modifications. For males, economic stability and moderate alcohol use positively influenced self-rated health, while females benefited from healthcare coverage and healthy lifestyle choices. Tailored gender-specific health interventions should prioritize these unique factors to enhance overall well-being.

Discussion

Discussions highlighted the impact of demographic variables, including age, marital status, social security, and employment conditions, on self-rated health. The study emphasized the crucial role of marital relationships in the health outcomes of older adult workers.

Conclusion

This study underscores the pivotal role of gender in self-rated health variations and provides essential insights for targeted interventions. By considering both quantitative and qualitative determinants of well-being, focused health policies can effectively address the health and well-being of aging populations, especially older adult workers.
Rural residents’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice in relation to infection risk during the late stage of an epidemic: a cross-sectional study of COVID-19
Authors: Zhuang Manting , Zhai Lixiang , Zhang Hui , Chen Qingsong , Xiong Ran , Liu Yonghui , Zhu Fangyi
Published: December 2024

Background

In the field of public health, the prevention and management of infectious diseases in rural regions have always been crucial. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing rural residents’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices and their correlation with infection risk during the late stage of an epidemic, with a focus on the COVID-19 case.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in rural regions of China’s Guangdong province, using a multi-stage sampling technique to select rural residents for a validated questionnaire survey in February 2023. Descriptive statistical method was used to describe the infection status of rural residents and Chi-Square Test was used to explore the influencing factors of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice in this population. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the presence of a statistically significant association between explanatory variables and outcome variables at corresponding 95% CI.

Results

A total of 3,125 rural residents were investigated, of whom 805 had never been infected with COVID-19. The survey participants had an average score of 5.84 ± 1.419 for COVID-19 knowledge. (The total score range is from 0 to 8. A score greater than 6.4 indicates good knowledge acquisition.) Regarding the attitude and practice sections, the average scores were 23.68 ± 3.169 and 23.45 ± 5.030, respectively. (The total score range of both these sections is from 0 to 32. A score greater than 25.6 represents positive attitudes and good practices.) The reduction of COVID-19 risk is significantly associated with an increase in Knowledge scores (p trend < 0.01). In stratified analyses, the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices scores of residents in each region have varying degrees of correlation with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Conclusion

Rural residents’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on COVID-19 prevention and control requires improvement. Efforts to promote their’ perceptions and habits regarding COVID-19 prevention and control are crucial in reducing the risk of infection.
The influence of COVID-19 pandemic on college students’ academic performance and the construction of a learning ability warning system
Authors: Ren Zengqiang , Du Qiaoling
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study explored the impact of prevention and control measures taken by Chinese universities on college students’ academic performance during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Participants

The sample includes 1,009 senior students, 1,140 junior and sophomore students, and 1,198 freshman students studying at a top university in China from 2012 to 2023.

Methods

Analysis of variance was used to analyze historical data, and a learning ability warning system based on probabilistic neural networks was further proposed.

Results

There was a significant difference in student academic performance from 2019 to 2022 compared to historical data. Prevention and control measures such as school closures and online teaching have affected the academic performance of college students.

Conclusion

COVID-19 has a negative impact on college students’ learning ability. It is necessary to establish a learning ability warning system to assist university management departments in formulating relevant policies to restore the learning ability of college students.
Barriers and facilitators to the dissemination of national movement behavior guidelines among health-promoting organizations: a qualitative study
Authors: Kauffeldt Kaitlyn D. , McFadyen Isaac K. , Latimer-Cheung Amy E. , Faulkner Guy , Tomasone Jennifer R.
Published: December 2024

Background

National movement behavior guidelines offer evidence-informed recommendations for how to obtain health benefits. However, their impact on practice and policy has been limited. Factors at multiple levels determine the effective mobilization of knowledge into practice. Historically, little attention has been paid to assessing the social, organizational, and economic factors that influence the uptake of national movement behavior guidelines; potentially contributing to their blunted impact on public health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore the barriers and facilitators experienced by intermediary organizations to disseminating national movement behavior guidelines.

Methods

Representatives from organizations involved in the development and dissemination of the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults 18–64 Years and Adults 65 Years or Older were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews to explore barriers and facilitators to national movement behavior guideline dissemination. Interview guides were informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Fourteen interviews were conducted, and transcripts were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Identified barriers and facilitators were mapped onto the CFIR.

Results

Participants identified several elements that have the potential to influence the dissemination of national movement behavior guidelines, such as organizational alignment, resources (i.e., time, human, financial), and ownership of the guidelines.

Conclusion

This study provides insight into the breadth of barriers and facilitators to guideline dissemination that may be experienced by intermediary organizations. Findings may be used to inform interventions designed to improve the dissemination and uptake of national movement behavior guidelines among health-promoting organizations.
Trends and projections of Hepatitis A incidence in eastern China from 2007 to 2021: an age-period-cohort analysis
Authors: Peng Hui , Wang Yin , Wei Songting , Kang Weili , Zhang Xuefeng , Cheng Xiaoqing , Bao Changjun
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study aimed to analyze the trends in Hepatitis A incidence associated with age, period, and birth cohorts from 2007 to 2021 in Jiangsu Province, China, and projects the future burden through 2031.

Methods

Data on Hepatitis A cases in Jiangsu Province from 2007 to 2021 were obtained from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System. Joinpoint regression analysis identified significant changes in incidence trends. The age-period-cohort model assessed the effects of age, period, and cohort on Hepatitis A incidence rates. Projections for 2022–2031 were generated using the Bayesian age-period-cohort model.

Results

From 2007 to 2021, Hepatitis A incidence in Jiangsu Province significantly declined, with an average annual percent change (AAPC) of −10.77%. The decline was more pronounced in males (AAPC = −12.87%) compared to females (AAPC = −7.46%). The overall net drift was −10.61% (95% CI: −11.14% to −10.07%), the net drift for males was −12.77% (95% CI: −13.40% to −12.13%), which was higher than that for females at −7.27% (95% CI: −7.93% to −6.60%). The local drift indicates the incidence of hepatitis A decreased gradually, with the rate of decline slowing in the later period. Descriptive analysis revealed the highest incidence of Hepatitis A cases in the 40–59 age group, while age-period-cohort analysis indicated higher incidence rates in younger individuals. The cohort effect showed a continuous decline from the earliest cohort in 1923–1927 (Overall RR = 64.93, 95% CI: 42.55 to 99.07) to the most recent cohort in 1993–1997 (Overall RR = 0.008, 95% CI: 0.004 to 0.01). But Bayesian age-period-cohort model projections for 2022–2031 suggest that incidence rates will remain low, though they may slightly increase by 2031, with peak incidence shifting to the 60–64 age group.

Conclusion

The incidence of Hepatitis A in Jiangsu Province has significantly decreased from 2007 to 2021, primarily due to public health measures and vaccination programs. Future efforts should focus on maintaining vaccination coverage and improving sanitation and hygiene practices to sustain these achievements.
The relationship between educational attainment, lifestyle, self-rated health, and depressive symptoms among Chinese adults: a longitudinal survey from 2012 to 2020
Authors: Xiong Xinyan , Hu Rita Xiaochen , Ning Wenyuan
Published: December 2024

Education holds significant implications for individual health. This work aims to examine the relationship between educational attainment, lifestyle, self-rated health, and depressive symptoms among Chinese adults. We used China Family Panel Studies data from 2012 to 2020. Multiple linear regression models were used to explore the relationship between educational attainment and self-rated health and depressive symptoms, where multidimensional lifestyle (sleep time, exercise time, overtime time, leisure time, housework time, and protein intake) was the mediator variable of the above relationship, and the causal step method was used to test the mediating effect. Our findings show that educational attainment is associated with higher levels of self-rated health and lower levels of depressive symptoms. More importantly, educational attainment also indirectly affects individuals’ self-rated health and depressive symptoms through lifestyle. These findings reveal health interventions to develop education further and improve its quality.
An observational post-authorization study to assess the effectiveness of a single dose Ad26.COV2.S for the prevention of COVID-19 using real-world data
Authors: Boehme Amelia , Harvey Raymond A. , Madsen Ann , Rubens Lexie , Toyip Astra , Batech Michael , Ricci Deborah , Nyaku Mawuli
Published: December 2024

Background

The goal of this FDA-committed, post authorization study was to assess the real-world effectiveness of Ad26.COV2.S in preventing observed COVID-19 disease in individuals in the United States interacting with the healthcare system who were vaccinated according to the national immunization recommendations.

Methods

The study cohort consisted of individuals ≥18 years in the U.S. between March 1, 2021 and July 31, 2022. Two exposure groups were considered: those who received a single dose of COVID-19 Ad26.COV2.S vaccine and individuals who were unvaccinated. Individuals eligible for the referent group, defined as those who were unvaccinated, were identified through exact matching on age, sex, location, and Gagne comorbidity score. Propensity-score (PS) matched Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate COVID-19 related outcomes.

Results

A total of 478,162 vaccinated, and 1,897,759 risk set sampled (RSS) and PS-matched unvaccinated referent individuals were included. The vaccine effectiveness (VE) against any observed COVID-19 disease was 20% (95% CI, 19 to 21%). VE increased as the outcome severity increased. The VE against COVID-19 related hospitalizations was 43% (95% CI, 40 to 45%). VE was highest, 53% (95% CI, 42 to 61%), against all-cause mortality temporally associated with COVID-19. The results of subgroup analyses generally showed a similar pattern as the main analyses with VE increasing in parallel with seriousness of outcomes, albeit with lower VE in groups thought to be at higher risk of COVID-19.

Discussion

This population-representative cohort study in U.S. clinical practice showed that a single dose of Ad26.COV2.S is effective for at least 12 months against several COVID-19 related outcomes. Individuals who were vaccinated with a single dose of Ad26.COV2.S were at lower risk for developing COVID-19, for being hospitalized for COVID-19, and for all-cause mortality temporally associated with COVID-19 compared to unvaccinated individuals in the U.S. during Alpha, Delta, and Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.212.1, and BA.5 variants circulation.
The influence of middle-aged and older adults’ social capital and education on physical function: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Man Tingfai , Zhao Yongze , Mai Huaxin , Bian Ying
Published: December 2024

Background

Population aging is a major global trend with significant social, economic, and health implications. In China, the increasing aging population presents challenges, including increased chronic diseases and disabilities. Social capital has emerged as vital in determining health outcomes for middle-aged and older adults. This study seeks to examine the impact of social capital and educational attainment on physical functioning in middle-aged and older adults, with particular emphasis on the moderating effect of education within this relationship.

Methods

This study utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2018 to 2020, involving 9,497 participants aged 45 and older. Physical function was assessed using the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scales. Social capital was measured in four dimensions: social trust, social support, social participation, and reciprocity. Educational attainment was categorized into four levels: below primary school, primary school, middle school, and high school or above. Cox proportional hazards regression and moderating effect models were used for data analysis, adjusting for demographic and health-related variables.

Results

Our findings highlight the significant roles of social participation (aHR = 0.856, 95%CI: 0.675–0.809) and reciprocity (aHR = 0.700, 95%CI: 0.626–0.784) in improving physical function. Education enhanced the positive effects of social participation (aHR = 0.923, 95%CI: 0.840–0.980). Subgroup analyses showed that social support was a protective factor for females (aHR = 0.857, 95% CI: 0.737–0.998), while social trust negatively affected urban residents (aHR = 1.330, 95%CI: 1.135–1.560).

Conclusion

The findings underscore the importance of social participation, reciprocity, and education in enhancing physical function among middle-aged and older adults. Tailored interventions addressing gender and residential differences are essential to meet the unique needs of various subgroups. Understanding the relationship between social capital, education, and health can inform strategies to improve this population’s well-being.
May family routines impact oral health in American children?
Authors: Pardi Vanessa , Castilho Giovanna Torqueto , Stewart Rachel , Luo Huabin , Wright Wanda G. , Moss Mark Eric
Published: December 2024

Objectives

The present study aimed to assess the association between family routines and dental caries and self-rated oral health status.

Methods

Data from the 2020–2021 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) completed at United States were used. Our outcome variables were self-reported dental caries (yes/no) and poor oral health condition (yes/no). Our independent variables were related to family routines: (1) Going to bed at the same time (yes/no); (2) Days having dinner together (0–7days); (3) Hours spent in front of the TV, computer, cell phone or other electronic devices (screen time); and (4) adequate sleep (yes/no). We used socioeconomic factors, health insurance coverage, family structure and neighborhood characteristics as covariates. Univariate and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data.

Results

For the dental caries outcome, children with regular bedtimes (AOR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.58–0.79), more frequent family dinners (AOR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.85–0.96), and supportive neighborhoods (AOR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.78–0.99) were less likely to report dental caries. Increased screen time (AOR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04–1.15) was associated with higher self-reported dental caries. For oral health status, children with regular bedtimes, (AOR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.48–0.75), supportive neighborhoods (AOR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.68–0.97), and with more neighborhood amenities (AOR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.88–1.00) reported better health. More screen time (AOR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02–1.21) and poor neighborhood conditions (AOR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.02–1.26) correlated with poor oral health.

Conclusions

Findings from this study indicate that family routines play a significant role in children's oral health. Future research should focus on interdisciplinary family- and community-level interventions that are tailored to support healthy habits and address the needs of families.
The role of sleep disturbances in associations between early life adversity and subsequent brain and language development during childhood
Authors: Lara Hatty , Nevarez-Brewster Melissa , Manning Cori , Reid Matthew J. , Parade Stephanie H. , Mason Gina M. , Rojo-Wissar Darlynn M.
Published: December 2024

Sleep disturbances are posited to play a key role in the development of poor mental and physical health outcomes related to early life adversity (ELA), in part through effects on brain development. Language development is critically important for health and developmental outcomes across the lifespan, including academic achievement and emotion regulation. Yet, very little research has focused on the dynamic contributions of ELA, sleep, and brain development on language outcomes. In this mini review, we summarize the current pediatric literature independently connecting ELA and sleep to language development, as well as the effects of ELA and sleep on language-relevant aspects of brain structure and function. We then propose a framework suggesting that sleep disturbances and subsequent effects on brain structure and function may act as key mechanisms linking ELA and language development. Future research investigating the associations among ELA, sleep, brain, and language development will refine our proposed framework and identify whether sleep should be included as an intervention target to mitigate the effects of early life adversity on language development.
The nuclear symmetry energy and the neutron skin thickness in nuclei
Authors: Burgio G. F. , Das H. C. , Vidaña I.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

We investigate possible correlations between the stiffness of the symmetry energy at saturation density, the so-called L parameter, and the neutron skin thickness of 48Ca and 208Pb, for which the recent measurements from the CREX and PREX I + II experiments at the Thomas Jefferson Laboratory became available.

Methods

We choose an ensemble of nucleonic equations of state (EoS) derived within microscopic (BHF, Variational, AFDMC) and phenomenological (Skyrme, RMF, DD-RMF) approaches. They are all compatible with the laboratory nuclear collisions data and with current observations of neutron stars (NS) mass and the tidal polarizability of a 1.4 M⊙ NS, as deduced from the GW170817 event.

Results

We find some degree of correlation between the L parameter and the neutron skin thickness whereas a much weaker correlation does exist with the tidal polarizability and the symmetry energy at saturation density. However, some EoS which are able to explain the CREX experimental data, are not compatible with the PREX I + II data, and viceversa.

Conclusion

We confirm the results previously obtained with a different set of EoS models, and find a possible tension between the experimental data and the current understanding of the nuclear EoS.
Inspiratory muscle resistance combined with strength training: effects on aerobic capacity in artistic swimmers
Authors: Fan Yuncai , Duan Yucheng , Gao Zhiqing , Liu Yong
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the effects of combining inspiratory muscle resistance with strength training on lung function and aerobic capacity in artistic swimmers.

Methods

This research constitutes a placebo-controlled randomized trial, involving a five-week walking program conducted twice a week. Fourteen female artistic swimmers were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (TG group, n = 7) or the control group (CG group, n = 7). Both groups underwent the same strength training program. The TG group performed inspiratory muscle strengthening at 50% of maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) during strength training, whereas the CG group engaged in strength training with 15% MIP inspiratory muscle training twice a week. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included an incremental stress test, pulmonary function test, inspiratory muscle strength test, and a specialized performance test.

Results

Following the 5-week intervention, within-group comparisons revealed that the inspiratory muscle strength index, vital capacity, and forced vital capacity significantly increased in both the CG and TG groups (P < 0.01). The TG group exhibited a significant increase in minute ventilation (P < 0.05), while the CG group showed a significant increase in tidal volume (P < 0.05). Additionally, the TG group demonstrated a significant improvement in running speed at the ventilation threshold and maximum oxygen uptake (P < 0.05), along with a significant increase in tidal volume (P < 0.01). Both the CG and TG groups showed significant increases in the scores for the 50-meter diving and 25-meter torpedo (P < 0.05). Between-group comparisons showed that the TG group experienced significant improvements in the inspiratory muscle strength index, minute ventilation, running speed corresponding to maximum oxygen uptake, and 25-meter torpedo performance (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The findings suggest that a 5-week program combining inspiratory muscle resistance with strength training can effectively enhance the aerobic exercise capacity of artistic swimmers. Moreover, high-intensity inspiratory muscle resistance combined with strength training can improve the muscle's ability to utilize oxygen during exercise.

Trial Registration

Beijing Research Institute of Sports Science (TKSLL202201); China Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2300072833, 26/06/2023.