bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of pain during intravitreal aflibercept injections
Authors: Doguizi Sibel , Sekeroglu Mehmet A. , Inanc Merve , Anayol Mustafa A. , Yilmazbas Pelin
Published: June 2017

Purpose:

To evaluate the pain associated with intravitreal aflibercept injections.

Methods:

The study included 119 patients who received intravitreal aflibercept injection at a single institution. Pain was evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS) immediately after the injection of 2 mg/0.05 mL aflibercept into the vitreous cavity using a 27-G needle. Additional variables including age, sex, indication for the injection, injection site by quadrant (superotemporal or inferotemporal), position during injection (sitting or supine), number of previous intravitreal injections in the study eye, presence of diabetes mellitus or hypertension, and lens status (phakic or pseudophakic) were recorded and assessed with self-reported pain scores.

Results:

Pain scores on the VAS ranged from 9 to 70, with a median of 18. Indications for injection included diabetic macular edema (21.0%), macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (12.6%), and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (66.38%). Pain did not significantly correlate with any of the recorded variables.

Conclusions:

This is the first series evaluating the pain associated with intravitreal aflibercept injections. We demonstrated that pain associated with intravitreal aflibercept injection is generally mild with low pain scores.
Outcomes of nondisplaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures with internal screw fixation in elderly patients: a systematic review
Authors: Oñativia Ignacio J. , Slulittel Pablo A.I. , Diaz Dilernia Fernando , Gonzales Viezcas Juan M. , Vietto Valeria , Ramkumar Prem N. , Buttaro Martin A. , Piuzzi Nicolas S.
Published: June 2017

Introduction:

Although the preferred treatment for displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly is hip arthroplasty, the treatment for impacted or undisplaced femoral neck fractures (UFNF) is still a subject of controversy. Our purpose was to systematically review studies of elderly patients with UFNF treated with internal fixation using screws: (i) what is the reported mortality; (ii) what is the reoperation rate; (iii) what are the clinical and radiological outcomes; and (iv) what is the methodological quality of the included studies?

Methods:

This systematic review was performed through a search of PubMed and the Cochrane database using a structured search algorithm including studies enrolling patients older than 60 years old, with UFNF treated with internal fixation using screws. Our literature search returned 950 studies and 11 were selected for final abstraction.

Results:

6 studies reported mortality rate. At 1-year follow-up mortality was reported by 3 studies: 18.8%; 22%, and 19%. At 5 years, 1 study reported mortality rate of 42%. Overall reoperation rate was reported by 9 studies and ranged from 8%-19%, while conversion to hip arthroplasty was performed in the range between 8% and 16% according to 6 studies.

Conclusions:

Internal fixation with cannulated screws for UFNF in the elderly is a valuable option, although it has substantial reoperation and mortality rates. Further prospective high-quality, randomised controlled trials are required to establish the optimal approach for the treatment of UFNF.
Single-center comparison of the efficacy and complications of arterial vascular closure devices in interventional radiology
Authors: Elmasri Matthew A. , Kee Stephen T. , Moriarty John M. , Gomes Antoinette , Lee Edward W. , McWilliams Justin P.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Vascular closure devices (VCDs) are commonly used to achieve hemostasis of arterial access sites, but there is little comparative data on the variety of VCDs currently in clinical use. We reviewed the VCD experience at our institution to determine the safest and most effective VCD.

Materials and Methods

Retrospective analysis of 907 consecutive arterial procedures in interventional radiology from June 2012 to June 2014 was performed. Five VCDs were used: Angio-Seal (n = 478), FISH (n = 56), Mynx (n = 56), Perclose (n = 61), and Starclose (n = 68). Patients who underwent manual compression (n = 188) without use of VCDs were also studied as a comparison group. Patient demographics and pre-procedural laboratory parameters were recorded. The technical success rate for achievement of hemostasis and complication rates were noted.

Results

Complete hemostasis rate (aka technical success rate) was 93.5% for Angio-Seal, 83.9% for FISH, 53.6% for Mynx, 73.7% for Perclose, 76.5% for Starclose, and 91.5% for manual compression. The differences among the devices were statistically significant (p<0.001). Fourteen major complications (1.5%) were encountered: nine with Angio-Seal (1.9%), one with Mynx (1.8%), one with Starclose (1.5%), and three with manual compression (1.6%); these differences were not statistically significant. Of the demographic and laboratory parameters studied, none were significantly correlated with hemostasis failure or development of complications.

Conclusions

In our single-center institutional experience, Angio-Seal is the device with the best technical success rate. Major complications of VCDs were rare, with no statistically significant difference between devices.
Port in oncology practice: 3-monthly locking with normal saline for catheter maintenance, a preliminary report
Authors: Solinas Gianfranca , Platini Francesca , Trivellato Maurizio , Rigo Carla , Alabiso Oscar , Galetto Alessandra S.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Patients with cancer need stable venous access using central vascular devices like central venous ports and peripherally inserted central catheters that can be used for a wide range of indications. Numerous flushing protocols exist including different frequencies for catheter locking to maintain catheter patency. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the incidence of lumen occlusion of central venous ports in a group of adult cancer patients, adopting a policy of locking with normal saline every three months.

Methods

This is a single-center retrospective observational study. During follow-up, we analyzed adult cancer patients who had undergone port insertion from January 1st, 2007 to August 31st, 2014. Flushing and locking were performed every three months with a syringe containing normal saline.

Results

We collected data from 381 patients with ports inserted in subclavian vein (379 patients) and in the right jugular vein (2 patients). Locking was performed during 3-monthly follow-up visits. Median follow-up was 810 days (90-2700 days). Among 381 ports, 59 were removed; the reasons for removal were: end of use (45 cases), catheter rupture (9 cases), dislocation (3 cases) and catheter-related bloodstream infection (2 cases). We had no reports of lumen occlusion.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that locking ports with normal saline every three months is not associated with an increased risk of lumen occlusion.
Critical Analysis of English Education Policies in Japan Focusing on Two Discourses: Developing Human Resources and Nurturing Japanese Identity
Authors: Miyashita Hiroshi
Published: June 2017

A growing body of research reports negative results, such as widening economic disparity, due to English educationreform influenced by neoliberalism. Japan is no exception. Linguistic instrumentalism is intensifying in Tokyo,which is scheduled to host the Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2020. This article critically analyzes policydocuments issued by the largest business lobby in Japan (Keidanren), Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,Science and Technology (MEXT), the Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG), and the Tokyo Metropolitan Boardof Education (TMBOE) within Japan’s social and political context. All of the documentary data are official-publicand open-archival. The study reveals that two discourses, developing human resources and nurturing Japaneseidentity, are repeated throughout the policy documents. While MEXT, TMG, and TMBOE stipulate their intention toaccelerate Japan’s internationalization, their policy documents have potential to lead students in an opposingdirection with an emphasis on fierce competition and pluralist multiculturalism, which dichotomizes the self andothers by simplifying differences. In the discussion section I suggest implementing pedagogical practice based oncritical multiculturalism to multiply the effect of these top-down measures. Ultimately, EFL teachers could form abottom-up powerbase by critically analyzing the official policies and by implementing practice that fits to theparticular setting.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Geography and Geology, Vol. 8, No. 3
Authors: Luo Lesley
Published: June 2017

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Geography and Geology, Vol. 8, No. 3
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Geography and Geology, Vol. 9, No. 2
Authors: Luo Lesley
Published: June 2017

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Geography and Geology, Vol. 9, No. 2
Production of Global Land Cover Data – GLCNMO2013
Authors: Kobayashi Toshiyuki , Tateishi Ryutaro , Alsaaideh Bayan , Sharma Ram C. , Wakaizumi Takuma , Miyamoto Daichi , Bai Xiulian , Long Bui D. , Gegentana Gegentana , Maitiniyazi Aikebaier , Cahyana Destika , Haireti Alifu , Morifuji Yohei , Abake Gulijianati , Pratama Rendy , Zhang Naijia , Alifu Zilaitigu , Shirahata Tomohiro , Mi Lan , Iizuka Kotaro , Yusupujiang Aimaiti , Rinawan Fedri R. , Bhattarai Richa , Phong Dong X.
Published: June 2017

Global land cover products have been created for global environmental studies by several institutions and organizations. The Global Mapping Project coordinated by the International Steering Committee for Global Mapping (ISCGM) has been periodically producing global land cover datasets asone of the eight basic global datasets. It has produced a new fifteen-second (approximately 500 m resolution at the equator) global land cover dataset – GLCNMO2013 (or GLCNMO version 3). This paper describes the method of producing GLCNMO2013. GLCNMO2013 has 20 land cover classes, and they were mapped by improved methods from GLCNMO version 2. In GLCNMO2013, five classes,which are urban, mangrove, wetland, snow/ice, and waterwere independently classified. The remaining 15 classes were divided into 4 groups and mapped individually by supervised classification. 2006 polygons of training data collected for GLCNMO2008 were used for supervised classification. In addition, about 3000 polygons of new training data were collected globally using Google Earth, MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) seasonal change patterns, existing regional land cover maps, and existing four global land cover products. The primary data of this product were Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data of 2013. GLCNMO2013 was validated at 1006 sampled points. The overall accuracy of GLCNMO2013 was 74.8%, and the overall accuracy for eight aggregated classes was 90.2%. The accuracy of the GLCNMO2013 was not improved compared with the GLCNMO2008 at heterogeneous land covers. It is necessary to prepare the training data for mosaic classes and heterogeneous land covers for improving the accuracy.
Innovation and Customer Retention in the Ghanaian telecommunication industry
Authors: Kyei Daniel Asante , Bayoh Augustine Thomas Mambu
Published: June 2017

The competition within the telecommunication sector is increasing day by day in Ghana and therefore requires the telecom operators to be more adept in their strategic approach to meet the growing demands of customers. Effective innovation is believed to be key in the approach of wining and maintaining customers. This paper examines the effect of innovation on customer retention in the telecommunication industry in Ghana.  Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires to 365 customers of 6 telecommunication companies in Accra, Ghana.  Descriptive statistics and multiple regression were employed to examine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.  The result shows that there is positive and significant relationship between innovation and customer retention. The study also discloses that service innovation, process innovation, and marketing innovation were the key determinants of customer retention. The study found service innovation to be a significant chief driver of customer retention. The study recommends that telecommunication companies who desire to improve upon the level of customer retention should invest much in service innovation, process innovation, and marketing innovation.
The assessment of incompatibility and cross-compatibility in three populations of European globeflower (Trollius europaeus L.) by observing the pollen tubes growth
Authors: Antkowiak Wojciech , Niemann Janetta , Wojciechowski Andrzej
Published: June 2017

The European globeflower was shown to be highly self‐incompatible by flower bagging experiments, however, a very small degree of selfing was observed in natural populations. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the level of self-incompatibility (SI) in three Trollius europaeus populations from different sites of Poland and to assess a degree of cross-compatibility (CC) between these populations. The SI and CC of the globeflower populations were evaluated based on the pollen germination index (PGI). The observations of pollen grains germination and pollen tubes penetration were made in pistils after self- and diallel cross-pollination of globeflower plants. The pollination combinations which had the PGI equal or higher than 2 were regarded as compatible. Generally, the PGI after self-pollination of all globeflower population was over 2, indicating that they are self-compatible. Also, in two globeflower populations after cross-pollination the PGI was higher than 2 showing that there was cross-compatibility between plants of these two populations. However, the third population, from Biedrusko, was fully cross-incompatible.
Plantar Pressure Distribution During and after Pregnancy and the Effect of Biomechanical Shoes
Authors: Kolářová Kateřina , Zvonař Martin , Vaváček Martin , Duvač Igor , Sebera Martin
Published: June 2017

Úvod: Náš výzkum byl zaměřen na objektivní data týkající se změn plantárního tlaku v průběhu těhotenství a po porodu, jakož i na možnost ovlivnit tyto změny pomocí speciální biomechanické obuvi, vyvinuté ve spolupráci Masarykovy univerzity s firmou J Hanák R, s.r.o.; Výzkumné metody: Výzkumu se zúčastnilo 38 těhotných žen, kterým byl na plantografické desce Emed®-at měřen plantární tlak v prvním a třetím trimestru těhotenství a po porodu. Dvacet jedna z těchto žen (experimentální skupina) nosilo v daném období speciální biomechanickou obuv. Při měření byly zjišťovány hodnoty plantárního tlaku a jeho časového integrálu v 10 oblastech pravé a levé nohy. Data byla poté zpracována pomocí ANOVA a Tukeyho post-hoc testů; Výsledky: Hlavními zjištěními byly statisticky významné nárůsty plantárního tlaku pod podélnou nožní klenbou a mediálním přednožím v průběhu těhotenství v obou výzkumných skupinách a následný pokles většiny hodnot po porodu. Statisticky významné rozdíly mezi hodnotami v experimentální a kontrolní skupině nebyly zjištěny; Závěr: Zatížení nohy se v průběhu těhotenství přesouvá dopředu a mediálně, což představuje větší zátěž především pro podélnou nožní klenbu, mediální metatarzální hlavy a palec. Po porodu se vzorec distribuce plantárního tlaku převážně vrací do stavu pozorovaného na začátku těhotenství. Vliv biomechanické obuvi na nohu se v tomto výzkumu nepodařilo prokázat.
On droughts
Authors: Of Geologists National Council
Published: June 2017

Not available.
Thyroid Function as a Predictive Tool for The Prognosis of Traumatic Patients Admitted in Surgery ICUs
Authors: Azhough Ramin , Movassaghi Reza , Farbod Ali
Published: June 2017

Background: APACHE Score is an important criterion for determining the patient prognosis, especially in critically ill patients. According to significantly changes in the serum levels of thyroidal hormones in patients, especially in critically ill patients, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between thyroid function and APACHE 4 score in the prognosis of the traumatic patients admitted in surgery ICU. Method & Material: In a descriptive-analytical study, 90 patients with multiple trauma were studied. Thyroid hormones and APACHE 4 Score were evaluated on 1st, 5th and10th days of admission for each patient. Their clinical features and duration of hospitalization, either in trauma unit or ICU, elation between thyroidal hormones and APACHE 4 Score, duration of hospitalization, and survival of patients were evaluated. Results: This study included 90 patients. A statistically significant relation was detected between thyroid hormones (TT3) and APACHE 4 Score and duration of hospitalization. Conclusion: TT3 might be utilized as a prognostic factor in the traumatic patients admitted to ICU.
Ureteral stricture formation after removal of proximal ureteral stone: retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy versus ureteroscopy with holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy
Authors: Hu Henglong , Xu Lu , Wang Shaogang , Yu Xiao , Yang Huan , Peng Ejun , Cui Lei , Li Cong
Published: June 2017

Objective

To compare the risk of postoperative ureteral stricture formation following retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy (RPLU) and ureteroscopy with holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy (URSL) in patients with proximal ureteral stones.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent RPLU or URSL for proximal ureteral stones between April 2011 and May 2015. Patients were allocated into URSL group or RPLU group and the outcomes were compared.

Results

A total of 201 patients who underwent 209 procedures including 159 URSL and 50 RPLU with a median follow-up of 30 months were included. No significant difference was observed among the two groups in most baseline parameters, while the stone size was significantly larger in the RPLU group (11.37 ± 2.97 vs 14.04 ± 4.38 mm, p = 0.000). Patients in RPLU group had markedly longer operative time (p = 0.000) and longer postoperative hospital stay (p = 0.000). The initial and one-month stone-free rates were significantly higher in the RPLU group (78.6% vs 100%, p = 0.000 and 82.4% vs 100%, p = 0.001, respectively). Patients in the RPLU had a higher complication rate (18.0% vs 9.4%, p = 0.098) and lower ureteral stricture rate (2.5% vs 2.0%, p = 1.000), while the difference was not significant. Further logistic regression model identified RPLU and female sex as independent risk factors for postoperative complication (Odds Ratio[OR] = 3.57, p = 0.035 and OR = 3.57, p = 0.025, respectively); however, URSL was not an independent risk factor for the formation of postoperative ureteral stricture after adjusting confounding variables (OR = 0.90, p = 0.935).

Conclusion

RPLU and URSL have similar postoperative ureteral stricture formation risks. RPLU can provide significantly higher stone clearance rate, but relates with more postoperative complications.
Migrações internas e desenvolvimento regional no Meio Norte brasileiro
Authors: Santos Edgar Oliveira , Loiola Edney , Santos Sônia Oliveira
Published: June 2017

O desenvolvimento regional na sub-região do Meio Norte brasileiro é abordado neste artigo seguindo os caminhos orientados pelos fluxos migratórios, indutores da formação histórica desse espaço. As discussões conduzidas nessa trajetória evidenciam as relações construídas para a estruturação de um sistema de produção, que caracterizou a estrutura e superestrutura norteadora do desenvolvimento dessa região. Desse modo busca-se explicar como os fluxos migratórios promoveram o desenvolvimento regional do Meio Norte brasileiro. O método do materialismo histórico, utilizado neste estudo, viabiliza o entendimento dos desdobramentos, desde a ocupação do espaço pelo migrante até este século. Aliado ao método referido coletaram-se dados censitários que complementam o esforço de compreensão, propiciada por meio dos resultados obtidos, tipificando as formas e o modelo de desenvolvimento alcançado..Código JEL | N96; O15; R23.
DREDGING AT INLETS ON SANDY COASTS
Authors: Blackman Berkeley
Published: June 2017

Dredging in navigation channels across off-shore bars and in tidal inlets or estuaries presents special problems not encountered in dredging in more protected inland waters. The greater exposure to wave action and often-swift and complicated reversing tidal currents impose an increased hazard of loss of or damage to dredging plant, more lost working time due to adverse conditions, increased cost of insurance, and other factors that tend to add to the difficulty and cost of such work. These special hazards require special countermeasures in the choice of a dredge, the conduct of the work, and the disposal of the dredged material. A knowledge of these factors is important to those engaged in coastal engineering.
RESEARCH ACTIVITIES OF THE BEACH EROSION BOARD
Authors: Caldwell Joseph M.
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this paper is to describe the research program of the Beach Erosion Board and to discuss the reasons which led to the establishment of this program. Introductory statements are given as to the functions of the Beach Erosion Board and the necessity of research activities to support these functions.
ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME MAJOR TYPES OF HARBORS
Authors: Elliott Francis E. , Tressler Willis L.
Published: June 2017

The operational requirements for an ideal harbor are (Chao Hwa et al. 1945, Stewart 1945):

a. Provision for shelter from the waves of the open sea and a limited fetch*

b. Provision for shelter from strong winds from all directions.

c. Depth enough for a large vessel to maneuver over an extensive area.

d. Good holding ground for anchoring.

e. A deep draft entrance from the sea.

f. A minimum of annual expense for dredging.

g. Moderate or small tidal range,

h. Moderate tidal currents.

i. Sufficient circulation to remove contaminants.

j. A low fouling rate and relative freedom from marine borers.

k. Freedom from seiches and surges.

1. Freedom from tidal bores.

m. Freedom from ice.

n. Freedom from fog.

The reasons for these requirements are clear enough so that no further explanation seems to be necessary. Most of these operational requirements can readily be translated into physical phenomena provided by land, i.e., by configuration of the coast or topography.
GULF HURRICANES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE TEXAS COAST
Authors: Prentiss Louis W.
Published: June 2017

The word "hurricane" is derived through the Spanish from a word of the extinct Indian aborigines of Haiti, meaning "evil spirit". I do not know whether the Indians who gave this kind of a disturbance its name are extinct because of the "evil spirit", but I am sure that it is a fitting name. Since the time of Columbus, there are records of hurricanes which have caused destruction and death in the West Indies and areas of Central and North America.
HARBOR AND COASTAL PROBLEMS ON THE EAST GULF COAST
Authors: Blackman Berkeley , Lindner C. P.
Published: June 2017

The "East Gulf Coast" discussed herein embraces the coast of the Gulf of Mexico from Cape Sable, Florida, generally northerly and westerly to the Rigolets, Louisiana (See Figure 1). So far as concerns Federal waterway improvements, the section is under the jurisdiction of the South Atlantic Division, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Array, Atlanta, Ga. That section in Florida as far northward as the mouth of the Aucilla River is administered by the District Engineer, Jacksonville, Fla,; thence westerly to the Rigolets, by the District Engineer, Mobile, Ala.
DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF SEA WALLS IN MISSISSIPPI SOUND
Authors: Escoffier Francis F.
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this paper is to describe briefly the various types of sea walls that have been constructed on Mississippi Sound, the performance of each type, and the conclusions with regard to sea wall design that can be drawn from this information.
SOME OCEANOGRAPHIC AND ENGINEERING CONSIDERATIONS IN MARINE PIPE LINE CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Reid Robert O.
Published: June 2017

The proper design of a pipe line for the transport of gas or oil from sea to land requires the solution of a number of engineering problems either not encountered in pipe line engineering on land or found to be of a different nature in the marine environment than in the terrestrial environment. These include: (l) consideration of the vertical stability of the pipe, (2) consideration of the lateral stability of the pipe and its vertical risers in the presence of wave-induced forces, and (3) consideration of the longitudinal stability of the pipe in the presence of thermally induced tensile and compressive forces. The first of these considerations is treated in the present paper.
NEW CONFIRMATION OF THE FORMULA FOR THE CALCULATION OF ROCK FILL DIKES
Authors: Iribarren Ramon , Nogales Casto
Published: June 2017

In the paper entitled "Una formula para el caloulo de los diques de escollera" (A Formula for the Calculation of Rock Fill Dikes) published July 1938* there was presented the expression,

P=NA^3d/((cosa- sina)^3(d-1)^3)

where

P = weight of the individual stones or blocks in kilograms

N = 15 for dikes of natural rook fill

N = 19 for dikes of artificial block fill

A = 2h = total height of the wave that breaks on the dike,measured in meters

d = specific weight of material of the stones in tons (metric) per oubic meter

a = angle of the dike's side slope with the horizontal
DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN PORT FACILITIES IN THE PORT OF BOSTON
Authors: Wey George L.
Published: June 2017

Boston is known throughout the world for its soul stirring part in the history of this great nation, its famed "Clipper Ships", its educational institutions, even its baked beans, and, last but not least, its port which has played such a strong role in world trade from the days of the country's first settlement.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEW JERSEY SHORE
Authors: Rankin James K.
Published: June 2017

Along the New Jersey Shore, the more significant environmental factors will be discussed without elaboration and the present status of shore preservation summarized with pertinent comment of general interest.
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF THE EBB SIDE AND FLOOD SIDE OF TIDAL ESTUARIES AS A FACTOR IN HARBOR LOCATIONS
Authors: Elliott Francis E. , Tressler Willis L. , Myers William H.
Published: June 2017

In a previous paper presented at the Second Conference on Coastal Engineering concerning the environmental aspects of harbors, mention was made of the fact that owing to the differences between the ebb and flood side of an estuary, the ebb side presented certain advantages which might make it the more suitable location for a harbor. No expanded discussion was attempted at that time, but the problem seemed to be of sufficient interest to warrant further study.
GEOLOGY IN SHORELINE ENGINEERING AND ITS APPLICATION TO MASSACHUSETTS BEACH PROBLEMS
Authors: Currier L. W.
Published: June 2017

At the outset I wish to make it clear that I am presenting this subject as a geologist, and not as a coastal engineer. I stand only on the fringe of that area of engineering science, and it would be presumptuous of me to discuss techniques of shoreline engineering. On the other hand, analysis of geologic processes that have molded and are now molding the shoreline furnishes basic terrane data of importance in the solution of coastal problems. As a geologist, then, perhaps I may properly point out the pertinency of geology to these problems, and indicate the kinds of appropriate data that are within the province of the geologist to explore and interpret. More or less an observer on the sidelines, I have for some time been impressed by the intricacies of the problems involved in coastal engineering projects. Such engineering is, of course, highly scientific and technological. But it seems to me that it is also somewhat of an art, for it is strongly tempered by experience, and the success of a calculated solution to a problem is often anxiously awaited by the engineer when the project is completed. There seems to be less of the sliderule certainty that characterizes the planning and design of a bridge. Will the sea-wall, the jetty, or the offshore breakwater, for examples, accomplish the intended results? Sometimes they do not because of some unrealized factors. Such factors are often obscure geologic conditions - unrecognized because the geologic regimens along shores seem to be very delicately balanced with respect to several factors, and to be sensitive to even slight interferences, despite the massiveness of the natural forces that are at work. The geologic history of the coast, translated to the present, together with minutiae of existing geologic features may demonstrate such obscure factors. It behooves the engineer, therefore, to seek the offices of geologic sciences. Perhaps at this point I may be pardoned to related digression if - to employ the vernacular - I "get something off my chest".
TOWARDS A PROBABILISTIC FLOOD BASE MODEL FOR CARIBBEAN COASTS
Authors: Subrath-Ali Carol , Villarroel-Lamb Deborah , Kelman Ilan
Published: June 2017

An estimate of the total water level setup at the coast is examined at a monthly resolution to assess the base combined contribution from wind, wave and pressure setup in the absence of cyclonic activity. A stochastic approach is used to estimate the total values of water level setup from the three parameters and the results indicate that while the total coastal water level setup closely follows the wave setup due to a difference of an order of magnitude of two with the wind and pressure setup from the inverse barometer effect, the latter two parameters have a greater impact during the first seven months of the year - the dry season with an approximate two month overlap into the rainy season. Using the generated moments from monthly combined probability density functions, we show that the average coastal setup from the three driving forces show a general decreasing trend from the highest coastal setup months of December, January and February.
GENERATION AND SPATIAL PROPAGATION OF LANDSLIDE GENERATED IMPULSE WAVES
Authors: Evers Frederic M , Hager Willi H
Published: June 2017

Large subaerial mass wasting into water may generate large waves along coast lines and in bays. Hazard assessment of such an events is based on the decay rate of these impulse waves along their propagation path to populated areas and infrastructure along the shoreline. The spatial propagation processes of impulse waves generated by deformable slides was investigated in a wave basin. A videometric measurement approach allowed for a detailed tracking of the free water surface and key wave characteristics during the experimental runs including the wave height. Based on selected tests, the slide width effect on spatial wave propagation is discussed.
NEW COASTAL VIDEO-MONITORING SYSTEM ACHIEVEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Valentini Nico , Damiani Leonardo , Molfetta Matteo Gianluca , Saponieri Alessandra
Published: June 2017

A new coastal video monitoring system for Apulia region, southeast of Italy, is under development. It is composed of visible and thermal streams and featured to be included in a wider meteo-oceanographic monitoring network. The system is designed for use on sandy beaches. The regional Basin Authority (AdBP) through previous field campaigns has identified for long-term monitoring purposes two hotspots, prone to erosion and flooding: Torre Canne (Fasano, BR) and Torre Lapillo (Porto Cesareo, LE), facing the Adriatic and Ionian seas, respectively. This paper presents the actual architecture and some initial findings of its implementation aiming at a complete automatic analysis of morphological features and hydrodynamic studies, mainly focused in swash zone.
RESPONSE OF EMPIRICALLY MANAGED SITES TO WINTER STORMS. CASE STUDY: LA MANCHA, VERACRUZ, MEXICO
Authors: ChÃ¡vez-CerÃ³n Valeria , Mendoza-Baldwin Edgar , RamÃ­rez-Méndez Erika , Silva-CasarÃ­n Rodolfo
Published: June 2017

The coastal lagoon of La Mancha, Veracruz, Mexico is significantly affected by winter storms, meteorological events known as Nortes. Because of the influence of the wind on beach sediment transport and therefore on the dynamics of the inlet, four topographic surveys were made, three during winter storms (November 2013, November 2014 and February 2015) and one more in the dry season (May 2014). Physicochemical parameters at the mouth were registered during November 2014. The circulation patterns of the lagoon were obtained using the numerical model H2D. The beach morphology field data shows that the beach is resilient to the effects of winter storms, as long as sediment availability is not interrupted. The circulation patterns of the lagoon indicate that winds and waves induce the opening and closing of the inlet. The governing force in the lagoon patterns is the tidal oscillations, as corroborated by the physical parameters measured. However, these natural cycles are interrupted by the actions of the local fishermen, who empirically manage the lagoon opening the inlet once or twice a year. We found that the environmental resilience of the estuarine-lagoon system is susceptible to the change in the frequency of the opening of the mouth, so the anthropogenic interference threats the dynamics of the natural system.
STORM SURGE PROTECTION BY TSUNAMI SEAWALLS IN SENDAI, JAPAN
Authors: Bricker Jeremy David , Roeber Volker , Tanaka Hitoshi
Published: June 2017

Storm surge and phase-averaged wave simulations are run to assess the hypothetical effects of the December 2014 Nemuro extratropical storm and the August 2016 Typhoon Lionrock on Sendai port in northern Japan, by shifting the recorded tracks of these storms. Climate change effects are considered by assuming a stronger storm also hits the region. Results show that each of these storms would cause significant damage to the area surrounding Sendai Port if not for the new tsunami levees built during the reconstruction after the 2011 tsunami. With these levees in place, however, damage is substantially mitigated. Nonetheless, phase-resolving wave modeling shows that port structures substantially modify the nearshore wave field, and that the new levees must be designed to withstand the resulting storm wave forces and scour.
TSUNAMI SHELF RESONANCE ALONG THE NORTHERN CHILE COAST
Authors: Cortes Pablo Ignacio , CatalÃ¡n P.A
Published: June 2017

This work presents the analysis of resonance in two of the main cities along the northern coast of Chile, where a large tsunamigenic potential remains despite recent earthquakes. By combining a modal analysis solving the theory of free and forced oscillations, with the analysis of background spectra derived from in situ measurements, the spatial and temporal structure of the modes are recovered. Comparison with spectra from three tsunamis of different characteristics shows that the modes found have been excited by past events. Moreover, a difference in the overall response between locations is found. Arica is more sensitive to the characteristics of the tsunami source, whereas Iquique shows a smaller dependency. Results are further contrasted with other methodologies with good agreement. These findings are relevant in characterizing the tsunami hazard in the area, and the methodology can be further extended to other areas along the Chilean coast.
MODELING OVERWASH VULNERABILITY ALONG MIXED SAND-GRAVEL COASTS WITH XBEACH-G CASE STUDY OF PLAYA GRANADA, SOUTHERN SPAIN
Authors: Bergillos Rafael J , Masselink Gerd , McCall Robert T , Ortega-SÃ¡nchez Miguel
Published: June 2017

This work aims to calibrate the XBeach-G model on a mixed sand-gravel deltaic coast (Playa Granada, southern Spain) and apply it to address the overwash vulnerability. Field surveys, consisting of topographical measurements and sediment sampling in two selected areas, were performed before and after two extreme southwesterly storms. A calibrated wave propagation model (Delft3D-WAVE) was used to obtain the inshore conditions required to drive the XBeach-G model. The XBeach-G results for the coarse gravel fraction, a sediment friction factor of 0.03 and a Nielsen's boundary layer phase lag of 20Âº were found to provide the best fits to the observed morphological changes of the beach profile. This indicates that the morphodynamic response of the beach is dominated by the coarse gravel fraction, which is in agreement with previous experimental and numerical works carried out in the study site. The obtained brier skill scores and root-mean-square errors were higher than 0.89 and lower than 0.18 m, respectively, highlighting that the XBeach-G model is capable of reproducing the profile response under southwesterly storm conditions. The model was used to compute the required water level to generate overwash as a function of the wave height and direction, and results show how the application of XBeach-G can be used to address issues of storm-induced coastal vulnerability on gravel-dominated coasts.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SAND DUNE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT DUE TO TSUNAMI OVERWASH
Authors: Raju K M Ahtesham Hossain , Sato Shinji
Published: June 2017

Response of sand dune when overwashed by tsunami or storm surge, is investigated by conducting small scale laboratory study. Dune consisting of initially wet sand and initially dry sand are tested for three different sand grain sizes. Overtopping of water and the corresponding sediment transport are analyzed. These data set can be used to validate mathematical models associated with dune sediment transport as well as prediction of dune profile.
GENERAL MODEL FOR ESTIMATION OF LONGSHORE TRANSPORT AT SHINGLE/MIXED BEACHES
Authors: Tomasicchio Giuseppe Roberto , D'Alessandro Felice , Barbaro Giuseppe , Ciardulli Francesco , Francone Antonio , Mahmoudi Kurdistani Sahameddin
Published: June 2017

In the present study, the accuracy of the GLT model (Tomasicchio et al., 2013) has been verified for the estimation of the Longshore Transport (LT) at shingle/mixed beaches. In order to verify the suitability of the GLT model in determining LT estimates at shingle beaches, without any further calibration, the comparison between the LT predictions and observations from two field data sets (Chadwick, 1989; Nicholls and Wright, 1991) has been considered. The comparison showed that the GLT predicted LT rates within a factor of 2 of the observed values. The predictive capability of the GLT has been also verified against an alternative general formula for the LT estimation at shingle beaches (Van Rijn, 2014). In addition, the suitability of the GLT model, even for the mixed beach case, has been assessed by means of the comparison between the LT prediction and the observation from a field experiment on a mixed sand and gravel beach at Hawkeâ€™s Bay, on the east coast of New Zealand (Komar, 2010).
FORMATION OF CUSPATE FORELAND IN FIELD SUBJECT TO WAVE-SHELTERING EFFECT OF ISLANDS
Authors: Uda Takaaki , Serizawa Masumi , Miyahara Shiho
Published: June 2017

The morphological characteristics of the cuspate forelands located in Gardiners Bay on Long Island, New York, and Ukraine Bay in the Black Sea, and a land-tied island in Vietnam were investigated. The BG model (a model for predicting three-dimensional beach changes based on Bagnoldâ€™s concept) was used to predict the development of a cuspate foreland, when an island is located offshore of the cuspate foreland and waves are incident from two opposite directions. It was found that a cuspate foreland elongates toward the lee of the island owing to the wave-sheltering effect of an island. The formation of a land-tied island when five islands and two sand sources are located on opposite shores was also predicted using the BG model.
NUMERICAL MODELLING AND POWER TAKE OFF CHARACTERIZATION OF A WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD
Authors: Lopez Mario , Taveira-Pinto Francisco , Rosa-Santos Paulo
Published: June 2017

This paper deals with the numerical modelling of an innovative technology for harnessing wave energy and its power take-off system. The investigated wave energy converter is CECO, a device based on the principles of oscillating bodies that is being developed at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Portugal. The particularity of this concept lies on the relative motion between a floating part and a supporting one, which is restricted to translations along an inclined direction. First, the wave energy converter is modelled in the frequency domain by means of a panel model that is based on the boundary element method. Once obtained the frequency-dependent hydrodynamic coefficients of the floating part, the dynamic equation of motion is solved in the time domain by including, not only the hydrodynamic forces, but also the force of the power take-off system. The results prove the ability of the numerical modelling approach to simulate the behavior of the device and provide insight into its performance.
2DV RANS-VOF NUMERICAL MODELING OF A MULTI-FUNCTIONAL HARBOUR STRUCTURE
Authors: Formentin Sara Mizar , Palma Giuseppina , Contestabile Pasquale , Vicinanza Diego , Zanuttigh Barbara
Published: June 2017

This paper is focused on the analysis of a multifunctional structure developed by the Second University of Naples, named OBREC, which is an Overtopping Breakwater for Energy Conversion. The hydraulic and structural performance are evaluated by means of the 2DV numerical model IH-2VOF developed by the University of Cantabria, in terms of average discharge rate, wave reflection coefficient and pressures acting on the structure. The results are compared with the laboratory experiments carried out at Aalborg University (Denmark) and with recent formulae and a new Artificial Neural Network. Furthermore, the numerical model is used to obtain information related to the wave loadings where experimental data were not available. This numerical analysis is a useful support to the ongoing monitoring of the prototype installation in the port of Naples.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SENSOR-BASED DIKE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR COASTAL DIKES
Authors: Krebs Verena , Quadflieg Till , Grimm Christian , Schwab Max , SchÃ¼ttrumpf Holger
Published: June 2017

Sea and estuarine dikes are one of the most important structures when it comes to coastal protection in Germany. Therefore, the implementation of sea dike monitoring systems is of great value to improve the reliability of flood protection. The interdisciplinary research project, EarlyDike, attempts to develop an innovative early warning system, which works not only based on water level forecasts, but also considers wave load, improved storm surge monitoring, and inner dike conditions. The implementation of a web-based Geo-Portal, which integrates the information generated by sensors and numerical simulations, enables decision makers to access reliable real-time data. Thereby, the intended sensor- and risk-based early warning system allows in time warnings and improves present disaster prevention and management. Objective of this paper is to depict the integration of sensor-based dike monitoring within the project.
SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF QUAY WALLS BY CONSIDERING SOIL-WATER-STRUCTURE INTERACTION
Authors: Massah Fard Maryam , Pourzeynali Saeid , Lashteh Neshaei Seyed Ahmad
Published: June 2017

A quay wall is a gravity wall structure having the dual functions of providing shore protection against light to moderate wave attack and a berthing face for ships. In the present study, nonlinear dynamic behavior of the quay walls is studied under the action of earthquake excitations by taking into account the soil-water-structure interaction. For this purpose, plane strain analysis of the wall is performed for both horizontal and vertical components of earthquake records; and the maximum displacements and stresses at critical points of the quay wall are obtained for different values of the wall slenderness ratio. From the numerical results, it is found that considering the vertical component of the ground motion besides the horizontal one in a linear analysis has a reduction effect on the quay wall seismic responses in comparison with that of the horizontal component alone. Moreover, it is found that nonlinear characteristics of soil, when the soil-water-structure interaction is taken into account, has more catastrophic effect on the performance of these walls in comparison with that of the linear one.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTERACTIVE, PHYSICS-DRIVEN WAVE SIMULATION USING THE BOUSSINESQ-TYPE MODEL, CELERIS
Authors: Tavakkol Sasan , Lynett Patrick
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we discuss the recent developments of our GPU-based Boussinesq-type wave simulation software, Celeris. This software is meant to serve the primary purpose of being interactive â€“ i.e. allowing the user to modify the boundary conditions and model parameters as the model is running, and to see the effect of these changes immediately. To accomplish this, the model is coded in a shader language environment, and our physical variables (e.g. ocean surface elevation, water velocity) are represented in the model as graphical textures, which can therefore be rapidly rendered and visualized via a GPU. The model may run faster than real-time for problems with practical setups. Following a description of the numerical development of the wave model, we elaborate on the recent features that are added to the software such as irregular waves and uniform time series boundary conditions. Since the model is previously validated for breaking and non-breaking wave, in this paper, we compare the numerical results of the model with experimental results of a current benchmark and show its good agreement.
EFFECT OF WAVE-CURRENT INTERACTION ON WAVES AND CIRCULATION OVER GEORGES BANK DURING STORM EVENTS
Authors: Xie Dongmei , Zou Qingping
Published: June 2017

The coupled spectral wave and circulation model SWAN+ADCIRC was applied to investigate the wave-current interaction during storm events over Georges Bank, a large shallow submarine bank on the eastern seaboard of North America that separates Gulf of Maine from the North Atlantic Ocean. The current over the Georges Bank displays a rotary feature over a tidal cycle. The wave-induced current is in the same order as the wind-driven current and generally in the same direction as the depth-averaged tidal current, indicating strong nonlinear wave-current interaction. The magnitude of wave-induced current reaches 0.07 m/s at low tide and 0.2 m/s at the other three tidal phases. The effect of wave-current interaction on waves at the four tidal phases is also analyzed. The role of Georges Bank in dissipating wave energy is most significant at rising mid-tide and high tide, which is close to the storm peak. At rising mid-tide, the wave height is decreased by 0.3 m to 0.5 m over the majority of the bank when the wave propagates in the same direction as the current. At falling-mid tide, the wave height is increased by 0.5 m at the southern flank and decreased by 0.5 m at the northern flank of the bank.