bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the Potential of Immersive Virtual Environments for Behavior Mapping in the Built Environment: A Mapping Review
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Dhar Debayan
Published: December 2023

Introduction/Purpose. Behavior mapping is a crucial practice to capture precise data on human activities. Over the years, technological advancements have improved reliable data collection over the conventional “paper and pen”-based methods. Likewise, researchers increasingly utilize IVE (immersive virtual environment) technology in the built environment for its experiential capabilities. The aim of this research is to comprehensively investigate the most recent research and technological trends, data collection methods, and challenges and opportunities associated with IVE adoption for behavior mapping. Design/Methodology/Approach. This study investigates the current status of behavior mapping in the built environment through a mixed qualitative–quantitative study. A systematic background review was conducted on 353 articles, and a bibliometric analysis was performed on 123 journal articles retrieved from Scopus. The analysis generated science maps, unveiling technological advancements, data types, collection methods, research trends, and potential directions to address the research questions at hand. Findings. A thorough qualitative review presented deeper insight into major transitions and technological contributions, whereas the quantitative study revealed current research trends and future directions. Furthermore, it discussed the contribution, opportunities, and challenges of IVE technology for data collection. Research Limitations. The review and bibliometric study findings are circumscribed by literature data retrieved from Scopus data only, and potential research directions, opportunities, and obstacles are proposed based on analysis of review results, which might cause an incomprehensive nature. Practical Implications. This study highlights the importance of behavioral mapping research and the potential for technology to assist it. The paper also identifies current shortcomings and constraints in the literature, emphasizing the need for interventions in IVE technology.
Table S9 from Statin-induced Mitochondrial Priming Sensitizes Multiple Myeloma Cells to BCL2 and MCL-1 Inhibitors
Authors: Juarez Dennis , Buono Roberta , Matulis Shannon M. , Gupta Vikas A. , Duong Madeleine , Yudiono Jacob , Paul Madhuri , Mallya Sharmila , Diep Grace , Hsin Peter , Lu Alexander , Suh Sang Mi , Dong Vy M. , Roberts Andrew W. , Leverson Joel D. , Jalaluddin Muhammad , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Bueno Orlando F. , Boise Lawrence H. , Fruman David A.
Published: December 2023

Supplementary Table S9 shows the cytogenetic characteristics of the MM patients whose bone marrow cells were studied in Figure 4D.
Table S6 from Statin-induced Mitochondrial Priming Sensitizes Multiple Myeloma Cells to BCL2 and MCL-1 Inhibitors
Authors: Juarez Dennis , Buono Roberta , Matulis Shannon M. , Gupta Vikas A. , Duong Madeleine , Yudiono Jacob , Paul Madhuri , Mallya Sharmila , Diep Grace , Hsin Peter , Lu Alexander , Suh Sang Mi , Dong Vy M. , Roberts Andrew W. , Leverson Joel D. , Jalaluddin Muhammad , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Bueno Orlando F. , Boise Lawrence H. , Fruman David A.
Published: December 2023

Supplementary Table S6 presents multivariate analysis of pooled clinical trial data on R/R MM patients achieving stringent complete response (sCR) – variables include statin use, t11;14 status, prior lines of therapy, cytogenetic risk.
Figure S4 from Statin-induced Mitochondrial Priming Sensitizes Multiple Myeloma Cells to BCL2 and MCL-1 Inhibitors
Authors: Juarez Dennis , Buono Roberta , Matulis Shannon M. , Gupta Vikas A. , Duong Madeleine , Yudiono Jacob , Paul Madhuri , Mallya Sharmila , Diep Grace , Hsin Peter , Lu Alexander , Suh Sang Mi , Dong Vy M. , Roberts Andrew W. , Leverson Joel D. , Jalaluddin Muhammad , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Bueno Orlando F. , Boise Lawrence H. , Fruman David A.
Published: December 2023

Supplementary Figure 4 contains BH3 profiling data, and viability assays in cells expressing p53 dominant negative
Figure S10 from Statin-induced Mitochondrial Priming Sensitizes Multiple Myeloma Cells to BCL2 and MCL-1 Inhibitors
Authors: Juarez Dennis , Buono Roberta , Matulis Shannon M. , Gupta Vikas A. , Duong Madeleine , Yudiono Jacob , Paul Madhuri , Mallya Sharmila , Diep Grace , Hsin Peter , Lu Alexander , Suh Sang Mi , Dong Vy M. , Roberts Andrew W. , Leverson Joel D. , Jalaluddin Muhammad , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Bueno Orlando F. , Boise Lawrence H. , Fruman David A.
Published: December 2023

Supplementary Figure 10 contains additional data on ISR-dependent changes in protein synthesis rates and viability.
Figure S1 from Statin-induced Mitochondrial Priming Sensitizes Multiple Myeloma Cells to BCL2 and MCL-1 Inhibitors
Authors: Juarez Dennis , Buono Roberta , Matulis Shannon M. , Gupta Vikas A. , Duong Madeleine , Yudiono Jacob , Paul Madhuri , Mallya Sharmila , Diep Grace , Hsin Peter , Lu Alexander , Suh Sang Mi , Dong Vy M. , Roberts Andrew W. , Leverson Joel D. , Jalaluddin Muhammad , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Bueno Orlando F. , Boise Lawrence H. , Fruman David A.
Published: December 2023

Figure S1 contains additional data from retrospective analysis of venetoclax clinical trials in MM
FIGURE 6 from Statin-induced Mitochondrial Priming Sensitizes Multiple Myeloma Cells to BCL2 and MCL-1 Inhibitors
Authors: Juarez Dennis , Buono Roberta , Matulis Shannon M. , Gupta Vikas A. , Duong Madeleine , Yudiono Jacob , Paul Madhuri , Mallya Sharmila , Diep Grace , Hsin Peter , Lu Alexander , Suh Sang Mi , Dong Vy M. , Roberts Andrew W. , Leverson Joel D. , Jalaluddin Muhammad , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Bueno Orlando F. , Boise Lawrence H. , Fruman David A.
Published: December 2023

Pitavastatin-mediated activation of the ISR induces NOXA to sensitize to venetoclax separately from PUMA. Heat map summary of BCL2 family Western blot screen across all statin-sensitive cells (NCI-H929, MM.1S, L363, OPM2, MOLP8, and KMS12PE) for 16 (A) and 40 hours (B) treatments with 1 µmol/L pitavastatin. log2 transformed mean fold change of three replicates of each MMCL are plotted on a double gradient scale. C, Western blot analysis of the t(4;14) OPM2 and non-t(4;14) MM1S treated with 1 µmol/L pitavastatin or pitavastatin/ISRIB. NOXA upregulation is partially blocked by ISRIB, but PUMA is mostly ISR independent. Representative of n = 2 for tested cell lines. D, The apoptosis sensitizing effects of pitavastatin are blocked in BBC3 (PUMA) knockout L363 cell line treated with ISRIB in a 40-hour Annexin V-PI viability assay, n = 4.
FIGURE 4 from Statin-induced Mitochondrial Priming Sensitizes Multiple Myeloma Cells to BCL2 and MCL-1 Inhibitors
Authors: Juarez Dennis , Buono Roberta , Matulis Shannon M. , Gupta Vikas A. , Duong Madeleine , Yudiono Jacob , Paul Madhuri , Mallya Sharmila , Diep Grace , Hsin Peter , Lu Alexander , Suh Sang Mi , Dong Vy M. , Roberts Andrew W. , Leverson Joel D. , Jalaluddin Muhammad , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Bueno Orlando F. , Boise Lawrence H. , Fruman David A.
Published: December 2023

Pitavastatin is three times more potent than simvastatin in cell-based assays of apoptosis and biomarker responses, and increases apoptosis in combination with venetoclax in a subset of patient samples treated ex vivo. A, Cell Titer Glo was used to assess viability in statin/BH3 mimetic combinations after 48 hours; % viable cells was normalized to vehicle. Mean ± SD, n = 3. B, Pitavastatin increases PUMA and blocks prenylation of RAP1A at concentrations lower than simvastatin. C, Results of a glucocorticoid resistance cell line models MM.1S (sensitive) and MM.1R (resistant) after 48 hours treatment. Mean ± SD; n = 3; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA with Tukey post-test correction for multiple comparisons. D, Buffy coats from multiple myeloma patient bone marrow aspirates were treated in vitro with 1 µmol/L pitavastatin and 10 nmol/L venetoclax for 24 hours before staining with CD45, CD38, and Annexin V to assess viability.
FIGURE 3 from Statin-induced Mitochondrial Priming Sensitizes Multiple Myeloma Cells to BCL2 and MCL-1 Inhibitors
Authors: Juarez Dennis , Buono Roberta , Matulis Shannon M. , Gupta Vikas A. , Duong Madeleine , Yudiono Jacob , Paul Madhuri , Mallya Sharmila , Diep Grace , Hsin Peter , Lu Alexander , Suh Sang Mi , Dong Vy M. , Roberts Andrew W. , Leverson Joel D. , Jalaluddin Muhammad , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Bueno Orlando F. , Boise Lawrence H. , Fruman David A.
Published: December 2023

Simvastatin induces p53-independent PUMA upregulation. A, A BCL2 family model figure depicting protein interactions and how BH3 mimetics can cooperate with apoptotic sensitizers. B, A representative Western blot analysis of statin-insensitive (red) and statin-sensitive (black) MMCLs treated for 16 hours with 10 µmol/L simvastatin. n = 3. C, Quantification by densitometry of PUMA upregulation. Mean ± SD, n = 3, significance (α<0.05) determined by one-sample t test of log-transformed fold changes against the value of 0. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01. D, Representative (n = 3) Western blots showing that PUMA upregulation by 10 µmol/L simvastatin is not dependent on the transcriptional activity of p53. Expression of the p53 dominant negative, GSE56, was accomplished in three MMCLs, L363, NCI-H929, and OPM2 wherein the basal p53 status is mutated [*L363 cells have a point mutation in exon7/intron 7 splicing junction (base C782G) that impairs splicing of intron 7], wild-type, and mutated (R175H), respectively. GSE56 expression was confirmed with a rodent-specific p53 antibody (Cell Signaling Technology# 32532). Activation of p53 using 10 µmol/L of the topoisomerase inhibitor, etoposide, was used as a positive control to confirm blockade of p53 activation of PUMA upregulation.
FIGURE 2 from Statin-induced Mitochondrial Priming Sensitizes Multiple Myeloma Cells to BCL2 and MCL-1 Inhibitors
Authors: Juarez Dennis , Buono Roberta , Matulis Shannon M. , Gupta Vikas A. , Duong Madeleine , Yudiono Jacob , Paul Madhuri , Mallya Sharmila , Diep Grace , Hsin Peter , Lu Alexander , Suh Sang Mi , Dong Vy M. , Roberts Andrew W. , Leverson Joel D. , Jalaluddin Muhammad , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Bueno Orlando F. , Boise Lawrence H. , Fruman David A.
Published: December 2023

MMCLs are sensitized to BH3 mimetics by simvastatin. We assessed a panel of seven myeloma cell lines including: OPM2, L363, KMS-12-PE, NCI-H929, MOLP8, RPMI-8226, and U266. A, Representative plots of statin-sensitive (black) MMCLs are shown alongside statin insensitive (red). The initial screen used PI exclusion to determine viability by flow cytometry. Rescue with 1 mmol/L mevalonate was demonstrated at the highest concentration of simvastatin to demonstrate on-target activity. Of note, statin-mediated killing of RPMI-8226 is not fully rescued by mevalonate, perhaps due to inefficient cellular uptake. n = 3, error bars indicate SD. B, IC50 of venetoclax or C, S63845 at concentrations of statins necessary to significantly shift the IC50. Significance (P value <0.05) was determined by extra sum-of-squares F test for differences in log IC50. Achieving significance was the classification determinant for statin-sensitive and statin-insensitive cell lines. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; *** , P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001 of Bonferroni-adjusted P values.
Data from Statin-induced Mitochondrial Priming Sensitizes Multiple Myeloma Cells to BCL2 and MCL-1 Inhibitors
Authors: Juarez Dennis , Buono Roberta , Matulis Shannon M. , Gupta Vikas A. , Duong Madeleine , Yudiono Jacob , Paul Madhuri , Mallya Sharmila , Diep Grace , Hsin Peter , Lu Alexander , Suh Sang Mi , Dong Vy M. , Roberts Andrew W. , Leverson Joel D. , Jalaluddin Muhammad , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Bueno Orlando F. , Boise Lawrence H. , Fruman David A.
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax promotes apoptosis in blood cancer cells and is approved for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. However, multiple myeloma cells are frequently more dependent on MCL-1 for survival, conferring resistance to venetoclax. Here we report that mevalonate pathway inhibition with statins can overcome resistance to venetoclax in multiple myeloma cell lines and primary cells. In addition, statins sensitize to apoptosis induced by MCL-1 inhibitor, S63845. In retrospective analysis of venetoclax clinical studies in multiple myeloma, background statin use was associated with a significantly enhanced rate of stringent complete response and absence of progressive disease. Statins sensitize multiple myeloma cells to venetoclax by upregulating two proapoptotic proteins: PUMA via a p53-independent mechanism and NOXA via the integrated stress response. These findings provide rationale for prospective testing of statins with venetoclax regimens in multiple myeloma.
Significance:
BH3 mimetics including venetoclax hold promise for treatment of multiple myeloma but rational combinations are needed to broaden efficacy. This study presents mechanistic and clinical data to support addition of pitavastatin to venetoclax regimens in myeloma. The results open a new avenue for repurposing statins in blood cancer.
Characteristics and Correlations of Wall Shear Stress and Flow Turbulence in the Carotid Bifurcation Evaluated Using an Ultrasound Vector Flow Imaging
Authors: Liu Mengmeng , Song Di , Hong Shaofu , Dong Yinghui , Gao Wenjing , Du Yigang , Zhu Lei , Xu Jinfeng , Dong Fajin
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate characteristics and provide the normal values of wall shear stress (WSS) and flow turbulence (Tur), and the relationship between them in the carotid bifurcation based on an ultrasound vector flow imaging (V Flow) in healthy adults. Methods: Max and mean WSS and Tur values at three segments (initial segments of internal and external carotid arteries [IICA and IECA]; distal segment of common carotid artery [DCCA]), both in anterior and posterior walls, were successfully obtained in 56 healthy adults, using ultrasound V Flow function. Relationship between mean WSS and Tur was further explored. Results: The mean WSS value was 0.71 Pa, 0.86 Pa, and 0.96 Pa at IICA, IECA, and DCCA, respectively (IICA < IECA < DCCA, p < 0.05). The mean Tur value was 13.85%, 5.46%, and 4.17% at IICA, IECA, and DCCA, respectively (IICA > IECA > DCCA, p < 0.05). A cutoff value (WSS = 0.4 Pa) was selected and Tur values were significantly higher in group with WSS cutoff value <0.4 Pa than group with WSS cutoff value ≥0.4 Pa (p < 0.01). Conclusion: WSS and Tur are moderately negatively correlated, which can be used in the quantitative evaluation of carotid bifurcation and could be a potential dual-parameter tool in the clinical research for early detection of carotid atherosclerosis.
Mortality Rates and a Clinical Predictive Model for the Elderly on Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Large Observational Cohort Study of 17,354 Asian Patients
Authors: Noppakun Kajohnsak , Nochaiwong Surapon , Tantraworasin Apichat , Khorana Jiraporn , Susantitaphong Paweena , Lumpaopong Adisorn , Sritippayawan Suchai , Ophascharoensuk Vuddhidej , Ruengorn Chidchanok ,   The Nephrology Society of Thailand
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Mortality following hemodialysis initiation may influence the decision to initiate hemodialysis in elderly patients. Our objective is to demonstrate mortality following hemodialysis initiation in elderly patients (≥70 years) and to derive a prediction risk score based on clinical and laboratory indicators to determine risk of all-cause mortality in patients aged ≥80 years. Methods: We identified elderly patients (≥70 years) who initiated maintenance hemodialysis between January 2005 and December 2016 using data from the Thai Renal Replacement Therapy (TRT) registry. The mortality rate was determined based on age categories. A predictive risk score for all-cause mortality was created for 4,451 patients aged ≥80 years by using demographics, laboratory values, and interview-based parameters. Using a flexible parametric survival analysis, we predicted mortality 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 5 years, and 10 years after hemodialysis initiation. Results: 17,354 patients (≥70 years) were included, mean age 76.9 ± 5.1 years, 46.5% male, and 6,309 (36.4%) died. Patients aged <80 years had a median survival time of 110.6 months. A 9-point risk score was developed to predict mortality in patients aged ≥80 years: age >85 years, male, body mass index <18.5 kg/m2, hemoglobin <10.0 g/dL, albumin <3.5 g/dL, substantial assistance required in daily living (1 point each), and Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score <50 (3 points). C-statistic of 0.797 indicated high model discrimination. Internal validation demonstrated good agreement between observed and anticipated mortalities. Conclusions: Hemodialysis is appropriate for patients aged 70–80 years. A risk score for mortality in patients aged ≥80 years has been developed. The score is based on seven readily obtainable and evaluable clinical characteristics.
Estimation of Aboveground Forest Biomass and Carbon Storage of Bangladesh
Authors: Mojumder Ajoy , Hossain Md Sahadat , Volk Timothy A
Published: December 2023

Forest biomass helps mitigate climate change impacts through sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide and potentially storing it for long periods of time. Deforestation and timber harvesting cause the reduction of forest biomass resulting in the reduced carbon sequestration capacity and alterednatural balance of forest ecosystems. We used remote sensing and GIS tools in the four important forest cover zones within five districts of Bangladesh to compare the aboveground forest biomass (AGB) changes between 2014 and 2020. We found an increased  AGB in Sundarban mangrove forest from 89.73 Mg.h-1 in 2014 to 90.76 Mg.h-1 in 2020. Similarly, the AGB was found to be increased for Ukhiya hill forest from 7.89 Mg.h-1 in 2014 to 8.89 Mg.h-1 in 2020. Contrary, the average AGB content in Nijhum Dwip mangrove forest decreased from 44.36 Mg.h-1 in 2014 to 37.46 Mg.h-1 in 2020. The average AGB of Modhupur decidious forest also found to be decreased from  110.01 Mg.h-1 in 2014 to 107.22 Mg.h-1 in 2020. The decreased biomass contents could be attributed to anthropgenic factors as indicated by the presence of human activities and this informatin will be helpful for forest restoration and management in Bangladesh.
NUTRIENT PROFILE BLACK SOLDIER FLY LARVAE (HERMETIA ILLUCENS): EFFECT OF FEEDING SUBSTRATE AND HARVESTED TIME
Authors: Weko Maria Rosalia , Bao Frederius , Ega Maria E. , Mia Hendrika , Una Klara Susanti Ito , Viana Marcelina , Wale Lodovikus , Nalle Catootjie Lusje , Burithnaban Yacob M. , Lema Abner T. , Helda  , Asrul
Published: December 2023

The objective of this study was to asses the effect of different feeding substrates (FS), harvesting times (HT), and the interaction between FS and HT on the chemical composition of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL). The experiment used a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement with two main factors, FS (T1, T2, T3, T4), and HT (15-d and 20-d). Thus, there were eight treatment combinations, all together with five replications. The results show that there was no interaction (P>0.05) between FS and HT on dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude lipid (CL), phosphorus (P), gross energy (GE), and amino acid contents. The ash content of BSFL grown on T2 media and harvested on day 15 was higher (P<0.05) than those grown on T2 media and harvested on day 20. The calcium (Ca) content of BSFL grown on all media and harvested on day 20 was higher (P<0.05) than those harvested on day 15. In conclusion, combining fruit wastes and tofu by-products produced BSFL with high CP content but low CL, ash, Ca, and P contents. In addition, BSFL grown on all substrates media and harvested on day 15 had better CP, Ca, and P contents. The dispensable amino acid of BSFLs fed with T3 diets was the best. The lowest body weight gain was produced by feeding a substrate containing a high percentage of rice bran. The findings indicate that the best nutrient composition of BSFL as animal feed would be achieved in early harvest time (15-d) and grown in heterogeneous feeding substrates.
POTENTIAL OF CARBON SINK IN MANGROVE SUBSTRATES IN LEMBAR BAY, WEST LOMBOK, INDONESIA
Authors: Firman Firman Ali Rahman , Lestari Dewi Putri , Hadi Alfian Pujian , Rizki Anis Syakiratur , Almahyra Aisha Zea , Alvarendra Arsya Zafran , Cerminand Nuzuly Ilmia , Listari Nening , Kuswara R. Didi , Gazali Zulkarnain , Ekaningtias Maya , Jannah Siti Wardatul , Pratiwi Baiq Yulia Hasni
Published: December 2023

Mangroves are one of the coastal vegetation that can mitigate carbon (carbon sink and carbon storage). This study aimed to determine the potential for soil carbon stock found under stands of mangroves in Lembar Bay, West Lombok, and West Nusa Tenggara. The research began with the identification of the species and then proceeded toa sampling of the soil, which was then analyzed using the Walkley and Black method. The results showed that there were ten species of mangroves, namely, Rhizophora stylosa, Avicennia lanata, Avicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Ceriops decandra, Excoecaria agallocha, Lumnitzera racemosa, Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea, Thespesia populnea, and Xylocarpus maluccensis. The highest soil carbon content percentage was found in the lower soil of the A. lanata (1.43 %C) mangrove, and the lowest was found in the lower-stand soil of E. agallocha (0.21 %C). Meanwhile, the carbon sinks per meter were 0.002-0.066 gC/m2, with an average of 0.020±0.020 gC/m2. The estimated total soil carbon sink in 10 mangrove stands was 0.20-6.60 tons C/ha, with an average of 2.18±2.010 tons C/ha. The average total estimated soil carbon stock found in 20.49 ha of the mangrove area studied was 44.67 tonsC, which is equivalent to 263.69 tonsC in a mangrove area of ​​120.96 ha in Lembar Bay.
DIVERSITY OF ECTOPARASITES ON BATS IN DRAMAGA, BOGOR, INDONESIA
Authors: Kedang Virgilius Martin Kelake , Simangunsong Yanri Rizky Natanael , Soviana Susi , Hadi Upik Kesumawati , Supriyono
Published: December 2023

Ectoparasites infestation is one of the major health problems affecting animals, including bats, which are known as reservoir hosts for various pathogens. Several reports have shown that a comprehensive understanding of ectoparasites on these animals is crucial from a public health perspective. Therefore, this study aims to identify the diversity of ectoparasites on bats in Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia. The samples were captured at night with a mist net and then identified using the species identification key. Ectoparasites were collected from the body of the samples and identified using a microscope. A total of 56 bats from 9 species, namely Cynopterus brachyotis, Cynopterus sphinx, Cynopterus titthaecheilus, Macroglossus sobrinus, Rousettus leschenaultii, Myotis muricola, Nycteris javanica, Pipistrellus javanicus, and Scotophilus kuhlii were obtained in this study. The results of ectoparasites identification showed the presence of Basilia spp., Eucampsipoda sp., Leptocyclopodia ferrarii (Nycteribiidae), Raymondia sp. (Streblidae), Meristaspis spp., Spinturnix spp. (Spinturnicidae), and ticks (Ixodidae). The total prevalence of infested bats was 51.7%, with females tending to have a higher intensity compared to males. Bats species with the highest prevalence of infestation were Rousettus leschenaultii and Myotis muricola. Meanwhile, this study found no ectoparasites on Macroglossus sobrinus and Scotophilus kuhlii.
ANNUAL CARBON CAPTURE POTENTIAL IN BANANA GARDENS OF INDIA
Authors: Ganeshamurthy Arkalgud
Published: December 2023

The global interest in increasing the world's carbon stocks is skewed towards perennial woody ecosystems. But a continuous shortage of land stands in the way of achieving the goal. We must therefore aim to explore viable alternatives. The banana as a potential carbon sequester attracted little attention from researchers. Therefore, this study aimed at estimating the potential of bananas in different states of India as potential carbon sequesters. Data was collected from twelve major banana producers between January 2021 and December 2022. One hundred banana gardens were sampled in each of the 12 banana-producing states, covering the major bananas grown (AAA, AAB, and ABB). The above-ground (AGB) and below-ground (BGB) biomass were calculated using the allometric equation with pseudostem volume as the allometric parameter. The dry weight obtained from the allometric equations was then converted to carbon using a dry weight to carbon conversion factor. Sequestered carbon varied with the AAA, AAB, and ABB of bananas. Banana plant carbon stock was also found to be very small, ranging from 2.573 to 6.407 t/ha, compared with very high soil carbon ranging from 39.55 to 77.14t. In all the banana-cultivating states, the proportion of carbon contained in the plant to that in the soil was only 8.286 percent, and that of soil carbon accounted for 91.714%. At the national level, the banana crop sequestered 48.627 million metric tonnes of carbon, with soil carbon accounting for 44.798 metric tonnes and plant carbon accounting for only 3.828 metric tonnes per year. Despite these small amounts of plant carbon, the banana cropping system enriches the soil by enabling much more carbon to be sequestered into the soil in amounts comparable to other perennial plantations.
Fibrinogen‐to‐Albumin Ratio and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Large Artery Atherosclerosis Stroke
Authors: Wang Yafei , Bai Lin , Li Xiaohui , Yi Fei , Hou Huiqing
Published: December 2023

Background

A high fibrinogen‐to‐albumin ratio (FAR), a novel inflammatory marker, is considered to be a prognostic marker in vascular diseases. However, the association of FAR with large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) stroke is still unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate the association between FAR levels and clinical outcomes in patients with acute LAA stroke.

Methods and Results

A total of 809 patients within 72 hours of LAA stroke were included and followed up to 1 year. FAR was calculated as fibrinogen (g/L)/albumin (g/L). The associations of FAR with clinical outcomes were assessed by multivariate Cox regression or logistic regression analysis. Clinical outcomes included stroke recurrence, all‐cause death, poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 3–6), and dependence (modified Rankin Scale score 3–5). Among the 809 patients with acute LAA stroke, the median FAR was 0.075 (interquartile range, 0.064–0.087). At 1 year, 103 (12.7%) patients had stroke recurrence, 105 (13.0%) had poor functional outcome, 76 (9.8%) had dependence, and 29 (3.6%) had died. After adjusting for all confounding risk factors, a high FAR level was associated with stroke recurrence (hazard ratio, 2.57 [95% CI, 1.32–5.02]), poor functional outcome (odds ratio, 3.30 [95% CI, 1.57–6.94]), and dependence (odds ratio, 3.49 [95% CI, 1.49–8.19]).

Conclusions

A high FAR level was associated with an increased risk of stroke recurrence, poor functional outcome, and dependence in patients with acute LAA stroke.
Immune Activation Mediates the Association of Advanced Hepatic Fibrosis With Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Jain Vardhmaan , Mehta Anurag , Lee Terence B. , Liu Chang , Chew Nicholas W. S. , Ko Yi‐An , Gold Matthew E. , Gold Daniel A. , Vatsa Nishant , Desai Shivang R. , Kim Jonathan H. , Rahbar Alireza , Haroun Yazan , Ejaz Kiran , Hayek Salim S. , Siddiqui Mohammad S. , Salloum Fadi N. , Sperling Laurence S. , Sanyal Arun J. , Quyyumi Arshed A.
Published: December 2023

Background

Literature suggests a bidirectional association between advanced hepatic fibrosis (AHF) and coronary artery disease (CAD). We evaluated the association of AHF with immune activation, systemic inflammation, and adverse outcomes in patients with CAD.

Methods and Results

A fibrosis‐4 index cutoff value ≥2.67 was used to define AHF. Circulating levels of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor and hsCRP (high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein) were measured as markers for immune activation and systemic inflammation, respectively. The relationship of AHF with soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, hsCRP, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes was evaluated. Among 3406 participants with CAD, 479 had AHF. Participants with AHF were older; were less likely to be Black individuals; and had a lower body mass index, worse renal function, and a prior history of heart failure. In multivariable linear regression models adjusted for clinical and demographic confounders, participants with AHF had 15.6% higher soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor and 24.0% higher hsCRP levels. They were more likely to experience the following adverse outcomes: all‐cause death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.57 ([95% CI, 1.29–1.92];
P
<0.001) and cardiovascular death: (subdistribution HR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.14–1.95];
P
=0.003). Mediation analysis showed that 47.0% (95% CI, 13.6%–81.2%];
P
=0.006) of the indirect effect of AHF on cardiovascular death was mediated by circulating soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor levels.

Conclusions

AHF is independently associated with immune activation, systemic inflammation, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CAD. The association of AHF with adverse outcomes is partly mediated by immune activation, and targeting this pathway may help reduce the residual risk in patients with CAD.
Aortic Arch Plaques and the Long-Term Risk of Stroke and Cardiovascular Events in the Statin Era
Authors: Yoshida Yuriko , Jin Zhezhen , Mannina Carlo , Homma Shunichi , Nakanishi Koki , Leibowitz David , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Rundek Tatjana , Di Tullio Marco R.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:

Aortic arch plaques are associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke in patients with cryptogenic stroke or prior embolic events. However, this relationship is unclear in the community. We investigated (1) the long-term risk of stroke and cardiovascular events associated with arch plaques and (2) whether statin therapy prescribed for any indication modified the association.

METHODS:

A total of 934 stroke-free participants (72±9 years; 37% men) from the CABL study (Cardiovascular Abnormalities and Brain Lesion) were evaluated. Arch plaques were assessed by suprasternal transthoracic echocardiography; plaques ≥4 mm in thickness were classified as large plaques. The primary outcome was ischemic stroke; the secondary outcome was combined cardiovascular events (ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death). The plaque-related risk of outcomes was also analyzed according to the presence of statin treatment. No plaque was used as a reference.

RESULTS:

Aortic arch plaques were present in 645 participants (69.1%), with large plaques in 114 (12.2%). During a mean follow-up of 11.3±3.6 years, 236 (25.3%) cardiovascular events occurred (76 ischemic strokes, 27 myocardial infarctions, and 133 cardiovascular deaths). Large arch plaques were independently associated with combined events (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.19 [95% CI, 1.40–3.43]) but not stroke alone (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.09 [95% CI, 0.50–2.38]). The association between large plaques and cardiovascular events was significant in participants receiving statins (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.57 [95% CI, 1.52–4.37]) but not in others; however, participants on statin treatment also had a worse risk profile (higher body mass index, greater frequencies of hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery disease).

CONCLUSIONS:

Aortic arch plaques may be a marker of cardiovascular risk rather than a direct embolic stroke source in older adults without prior stroke. The efficacy of broader cardiovascular risk factors control, beyond cholesterol levels alone, for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in individuals with aortic arch plaques may require further investigation.
National- and State-Level Trends in Medicare Hospice Beneficiaries for Stroke During 2013 to 2019 in the United States
Authors: de Havenon Adam , Skolarus Lesli E. , Mac Grory Brian , Bangad Aaron , Sheth Kevin N. , Burke James F. , Creutzfeldt Claire J.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:

Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death in the United States, one of the leading contributors to Medicare cost, including through Medicare hospice benefits, and the rate of stroke mortality has been increasing since 2013. We hypothesized that hospice utilization among Medicare beneficiaries with stroke has increased over time and that the increase is associated with trends in stroke death rate.

METHODS:

Using Medicare Part A claims data and Centers for Disease Control mortality data at a national and state level from 2013 to 2019, we report the proportion and count of Medicare hospice beneficiaries with stroke as well as the stroke death rate (per 100 000) in Medicare-eligible individuals aged ≥65 years.

RESULTS:

From 2013 to 2019, the number of Medicare hospice beneficiaries with stroke as their primary diagnosis increased 104.1% from 78 812 to 160 884. The number of stroke deaths in the United States in individuals aged ≥65 years also increased from 109 602 in 2013 to 129 193 in 2019 (17.9% increase). In 2013, stroke was the sixth most common primary diagnosis for Medicare hospice, while in 2019 it was the third most common, surpassed only by cancer and dementia. The correlation between the change from 2013 to 2019 in state-level Medicare hospice for stroke and stroke death rate for Medicare-eligible adults was significant (Spearman ρ=0.5;
P
<0.001). In a mixed-effects model, the variance in the state-level proportion of Medicare hospice for stroke explained by the state-level stroke death rate was 48.2%.

CONCLUSIONS:

From 2013 to 2019, the number of Medicare hospice beneficiaries with a primary diagnosis of stroke more than doubled and stroke jumped from the sixth most common indication for hospice to the third most common. While increases in stroke mortality in the Medicare-eligible population accounts for some of the increase of Medicare hospice beneficiaries, over half the variance remains unexplained and requires additional research.
Clearance of Neutrophils From ICH-Affected Brain by Macrophages Is Beneficial and Is Assisted by Lactoferrin and CD91
Authors: Zhao Xiurong , Ting Shun-Ming , Sun Guanghua , Bautista Garrido Jesus , Obertas Lidiya , Aronowski Jaroslaw
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:

Within hours after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) onset, masses of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) infiltrate the ICH-affected brain. After degranulation involving controlled release of many toxic antimicrobial molecules, the PMNs undergo rapid apoptosis and then are removed by phagocytic microglia/macrophages (MΦ) through a process called efferocytosis. Effective removal of PMNs may limit secondary brain damage and inflammation; however, the molecular mechanisms governing these cleanup activities are not well understood. We propose that scavenger receptor CD91 on myeloid phagocytes especially in presence of CD91 ligand, LTF (lactoferrin, protein abundant in PMNs), plays an important role in clearance of dead apoptotic PMNs (ANs).

METHODS:

Mice/rats were subjected to an autologous blood injection model of ICH. Primary cultured microglia were used to assess phagocytosis of ANs. Immunohistochemistry was employed to assess CD91 expression and PMN infiltration. CD91 knockout mice selectively in myeloid phagocytes (Mac-CD91-KO) were used to establish the CD91/LTF function in phagocytosis and in reducing ICH-induced injury, as assessed using behavioral tests, hematoma resolution, and oxidative stress.

RESULTS:

Masses of PMNs are found in ICH-affected brain, and they contain LTF. MΦ at the outer border of hematoma are densely packed, expressing CD91 and phagocytosing ANs. Microglia deficient in CD91 demonstrate defective phagocytosis of ANs, and mice deficient in CD91 (Mac-CD91-KO) subjected to ICH injury have increased neurological dysfunction that is associated with impaired hematoma resolution (hemoglobin and iron clearance) and elevated oxidative stress. LTF that normally ameliorates ICH injury in CD91-proficient control mice shows reduced therapeutic effects in Mac-CD91-KO mice.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our study suggests that CD91 plays a beneficial role in improving ANs phagocytosis and ultimately post-ICH outcome and that the beneficial effect of LTF in ICH is in part dependent on presence of CD91 on MΦ.
Functional Cerebral Venous Anatomy from the Viewpoint of Venous Collaterals Part I, Supratentorial Superficial and Deep Venous System
Authors: Ota Takahiro
Published: December 2023

Supratentorial veins are divided into superficial and deep venous systems. Most superficial veins drain into the superior sagittal sinus, cavernous sinus, transverse sinus, and inferior sagittal sinuses. Most deep veins drain into the internal cerebral vein, and some drain into the basal vein of Rosenthal, which head toward the great cerebral vein of Galen. The functional anatomy of the supratentorial cerebral veins can be explained by dividing them into (1) veins on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere, (2) the basal vein of Rosenthal system, and (3) the internal cerebral vein system. Many anastomotic channels exist between the superficial venous systems, veins at the base of the brain, and transcerebral veins. To understand and prevent adverse neurointerventional effects, in this study, we review the cerebral venous anatomy from the viewpoint of venous collaterals.
Cloud Computing and Firm Growth
Authors: DeStefano Timothy , Kneller Richard , Timmis Jonathan
Published: December 2023

Cloud computing has shifted how firms access IT away from investment in fixed capital to pay-on-demand services that facilitate remote and simultaneous use. Using firm-level data we examine the impact of cloud adoption on firm performance and organizational geography with an IV approach that exploits cross-section and time-series variation in fiber broadband speeds as instruments. Cloud leads younger firms to increase revenue, employment, and productivity, whereas incumbent firms experience no scale effects and weaker productivity gains. Incumbents however undergo restructuring through establishment deaths and fewer births, while both types of firms experience geographic reorganization shifting farther from the headquarters.
Too Lucky To Be True: Fairness Views under the Shadow of Cheating
Authors: Bortolotti Stefania , Soraperra Ivan , Sutter Matthias , Zoller Claudia
Published: December 2023

Income inequalities within societies are often associated with evidence that the rich are more likely to behave unethically and evade more taxes. We study how fairness views and preferences for redistribution are affected when cheating may, but need not, be the cause of income inequalities. In our experiment, we let third parties redistribute income between a rich and a poor stakeholder. In one treatment, income inequality was only due to luck, while in two others rich stakeholders might have cheated. The mere suspicion of cheating changes third parties' fairness views considerably and leads to a strong polarization that is even more pronounced when cheating generates negative externalities.
Access to Guns in the Heat of the Moment: More Restrictive Gun Laws Mitigate the Effect of Temperature on Violence
Authors: Colmer Jonathan , Doleac Jennifer L.
Published: December 2023

Gun violence is a major problem in the United States, and extensive prior work has shown that higher temperatures increase violent behavior. We consider whether restricting the concealed carry of firearms mitigates or exacerbates the effect of temperature on violence. We use two identification strategies that exploit daily variation in temperature and variation in gun control policies between and within states. We provide evidence that more prohibitive concealed-carry laws attenuate the temperature–homicide relationship. Our findings are consistent with more-prohibitive policy regimes reducing the lethality of altercations.
Critical Humanism and the Study of Religion: A Statement and Defense
Authors: Miller Richard B.
Published: December 2023

This essay offers a statement and defense of four core claims of my work, Why Study Religion? Those are: (1) the field of religious studies is preoccupied by procedural methods for studying religion to the neglect of values and purposes that can justify its intellectual practices; (2) this preoccupation operates under a “regime of truth” that is anti-normative; (3) this regime of truth buckles under the pressure of repressed values and smuggles in crypto-normative judgments and commitments; and (4) this preoccupation with method can be remedied by attending to purposes that can justify the study of religion, which I call Critical Humanism. Critical Humanism aims to expand the moral imagination and comprises four values: post-critical reasoning, social criticism, cross-cultural fluency, and environmental responsibility. After describing the book’s main claims, I take up critiques expressed by Michael Stausberg, et al. in their essay, “A Normative Turn in Religious Studies?”
Debatable Renderings of Demonstrative Pronouns in Qurʾanic Translations
Authors: Jabali Oqab
Published: December 2023

Translation of the Qurʾan poses many complexities due to its multifaceted and its divine origin. The holy Qurʾan is idiosyncratic in terms of word choice, meaning, syntax, and style. The translator is required to produce a text that is void of distortions; otherwise, a lot of debate may arise and the translation might be lacking. The present study aims at addressing a number of debatable renderings of one discourse deictic demonstrative pronoun (Dhālika) in the second chapter, i.e., The Heifer of the Holy Qurʾan. The researcher meant to compare and critically test four popular Qurʾanic translations to evaluate their renderings of the demonstrative pronoun (Dhālika) and highlight possible defects and shortcomings in the translation. The study results show that four translation strategies are used at various frequencies. The current study postulates that it is beyond all translators’ potentials to attain a finished product of a translation of certain Qurʾanic terms.
Modified Frailty Index Helps Predict Mortality and Ambulation Differences Between Genders and Racial Differences Following Major Lower Extremity Amputation
Authors: Som Maria N. , Chao Natalie T. , Karwoski Allison , Pitsenbarger Luke T. , Dunlap Eleanor , Nagarsheth Khanjan H.
Published: December 2023

Background

Major lower extremity amputation (LEA) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The modified frailty index (mFI-5) has been used to predict outcomes including ambulation and mortality after LEA. It remains unknown for which patient demographics the mFI-5 is a reliable predictor.

Methods

This was a retrospective review of all patients who underwent a first-time major LEA at our institution from 2015 to 2022. Patients were stratified into 2 risk groups based on their mFI-5 score: non-frail (mFI<3) and frail (mFI≥3) and assessed on outcomes.

Results

Our sample consisted of 687 patients of whom 134 (19.6%) were considered frail and 551 (80.4%) were considered non-frail. A higher mFI-5 is associated with decreased ambulation rates (OR: 0.565, P = .004), increased hospital readmission (OR: 1.657, P = .021), and increased mortality (OR: 2.101, P = .001) following major LEA. In African American patients, frail and non-frail patients differed on readmission at 90 days ( P = .008), mortality at 1 year ( P = .001), ambulatory status ( P < .001), and prosthesis use ( P = .023). In male patients, frail and non-frail patients differed on readmission at 90 days ( P = .019), death at 1 year ( P = .001), and ambulatory status ( P = .002). In Caucasian patients and female patients, frail and non-frail patients did not differ significantly on outcomes.

Discussion

The mFI-5 is a valuable predictor of outcomes following major LEA, specifically in males and African American patients. Moreover, surgeons should consider using frailty status to risk stratify patients and inform treatment plans.
The Upstate New York Surgical Quality Improvement Opioid Reduction Project
Authors: Jacob Elizabeth A. , Melucci Alexa D. , Talbot Ethan A. , Fleming Fergal , Schiralli Matthew , Foster Caryn , Foster Laurie , Donovan Kellie , Simran Kaur , John Vincy J. , Hellenthal Nicholas J.
Published: December 2023

Over 5 million Americans currently abuse prescription opioids. Patients’ first exposure to opioids is often after surgery. Few opioid guidelines account for the challenges to health care institutions that serve wide catchment areas. We standardized postoperative opioid prescribing recommendations amongst surgical providers at our institutions and analyzed postoperative prescribing habits. The Upstate New York Surgical Quality Improvement (UNYSQI) collaborative met with surgical champions from 16 hospitals to standardize opioid prescribing for 21 surgical procedures. The guidelines were distributed to all surgical care providers at participating institutions. 581,465 pills were dispensed for 12,672 surgeries (average of 45.9 pills per procedure) before implementation. Post-implementation, 1,097,849 pills were dispensed for 28,772 surgeries (average of 38.2 pills per surgery) with over 222,000 fewer pills being prescribed. Our project suggests opioid prescribing guidelines for institutions that serve diverse communities.
Advances in the Use of Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulator in Adolescents With Down Syndrome and Persistent Obstructive Sleep Apnea—A Systematic Review
Authors: Rodriguez Lara Frances , Carnino Jonathan M. , Cohen Michael B. , Levi Jessica R.
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

The Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulator (HNS) is a novel therapy that has been extensively studied in adults and more recently, it has been incorporated in children with Down Syndrome (DS) with persistent obstructive sleep apnea after adenotonsillectomy and trial of continuous positive airway pressure treatment. This systematic review article aims to examine the existing literature on HNS use in children to explore the benefits, efficacy, and parental experiences.

Methods:

MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE were searched to include all studies published up to March 2nd, 2023, on the topic of HNS use in pediatric population under 21 years old.

Results:

A total of 179 studies were initially identified from which 10 articles were consistent with the inclusion criteria. Nine articles addressed outcomes after implantation of the HNS device in children with DS and 1 article explored the parental experiences. Findings were similar across studies where after implantation of HNS, there was marked improvement in polysomnographic outcomes and quality of life scores with high level of compliance.

Conclusions:

HNS holds promise as an effective treatment option for pediatric patients with DS and persistent OSA after AT and CPAP trials. It significantly improves sleep-disordered breathing, quality of life, and neurocognitive measures, leading to substantial and sustained benefits for these children. While the findings are encouraging, further research is needed to explore the potential of HNS in other pediatric populations without DS and to raise awareness among healthcare providers about this treatment option. Overall, HNS may offer significant long-term benefits for the overall well-being and health of pediatric patients with DS and persistent OSA.