bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A self-crosslinking monomer, α-pinene methacrylate: understanding and exploiting hydrogen abstraction
Authors: Monaghan Olivia R. , Skowron Stephen T. , Moore Jonathan C. , Pin-Nó María , Kortsen Kristoffer , Atkinson Rachel L. , Krumins Eduards , Lentz Joachim C. , Machado Fabricio , Onat Zeynep , Brookfield Adam , Collison David , Khlobystov Andrei N. , De Focatiis Davide , Irvine Derek J. , Taresco Vincenzo , Stockman Robert A. , Howdle Steven M.
Published: September 2022

A combined computational/experimental approach has been applied to investigate the self-crosslinking of α-pinene methacrylate via chain transfer through hydrogen abstraction.
VOC-free tricomponent reaction platform for epoxy network formation mediated by a recyclable ionic liquid
Authors: Rebei Marwa , Mahun Andrii , Walterová Zuzana , Trhlíková Olga , Donato Ricardo K. , Beneš Hynek
Published: September 2022

VOC-free mild conditions curing reaction of a petroleum-based epoxy (DGEBA) or a bio-based epoxy (DGEMHQ) in a tricomponent reaction platform with a recyclable imidazolium-based IL (BMImCl) and dicarboxylic acid (succinic acid).
Nickel-catalysed cycloaddition oligomerisation of 1,6-diynes to medium-size cyclic polyenes
Authors: Okabe Yuhsaku , Yamada Takeshi , Okamoto Sentaro
Published: September 2022

A nickel-catalysed reaction of 1,6-diynes produced cyclic polyene oligomers with a narrow PDI. Their thermal isomerization gave the regio-isomeric cyclic polyenes consisting of trans-disubstituted alkenes.
Recent advances in zig-zag-fused BODIPYs
Authors: Wu Shengmei , Gai Lizhi , Zhou Zhikuan , Lu Hua
Published: September 2022

Recent progress in the synthesis of zig-zag-fused BODIPY, structure–property relationships, as well as their applications are summarized.
Perspectives on parity violation in chiral molecules: theory, spectroscopic experiment and biomolecular homochirality
Authors: Quack Martin , Seyfang Georg , Wichmann Gunther
Published: September 2022

The reflection (or ‘mirror’) symmetry of space is among the fundamental symmetries of physics. It is connected to the conservation law for the quantum number purity and its violation and has a fundamental relation to stereochemistry and molecular chirality.
Navigating chemical reaction space – application to DNA-encoded chemistry
Authors: Chines Silvia , Ehrt Christiane , Potowski Marco , Biesenkamp Felix , Grützbach Lars , Brunner Susanne , van den Broek Frederik , Bali Shilpa , Ickstadt Katja , Brunschweiger Andreas
Published: September 2022

The computational tool Reaction Navigator supports chemical reaction space navigation by filtering and clustering reactions from chemistry databases. The utility of the tool was demonstrated by identification of reactions for DNA-encoded libraries.
Development of high-voltage bipolar redox-active organic molecules through the electronic coupling of catholyte and anolyte structures
Authors: Tracy Jacob S. , Horst Elena S. , Roytman Vladislav A. , Toste F. Dean
Published: September 2022

A new class of bipolar redox active molecules with enhanced voltages is reported via the electronic coupling of phthalimide anolytes and phenothiazine catholytes. Their performance is tested under relevant nonaqueous redox flow battery conditions.
Synthesis of carbinoxamine via α-C(sp3)–H 2-pyridylation of O, S or N-containing compounds enabled by non-D–A-type super organoreductants and sulfoxide- or sulfide HAT reagents
Authors: Cui Xian-Chao , Zhang Hu , Wang Yi-Ping , Qu Jian-Ping , Kang Yan-Biao
Published: September 2022

We report the discovery of a non-donor–acceptor (D–A) type organic photoreductant CBZ6 and sulfoxide/sulfide synergistically catalyzed general α-C(sp3)–H arylation of ethers, thioethers and amines.
Robust oxygen electrocatalysis enabled by bulk nitrogen-doped hierarchical structure cobalt carbide
Authors: He Caimei , Zhang Danling , Cai Yezheng , Hou Cheng , Wu Xiangsi , Ma Zhaoling , Huang Youguo , Wang Hongqiang , Li Qingyu
Published: September 2022

The search for earth abundant, highly active, and robust electrocatalysts is central to the wide spread application of renewable energy conversion technologies.
Controllable interfacial electron transfer induced by heterointerfaced sulfur-based catalysts with less electronegative anions for boosted hydrogen evolution reaction in the universal pH range
Authors: Chu Dawei , Wei Xiaoling , Song Xiumei , Zhang Zhen , Tan Lichao , Ma Huiyuan , Pang Haijun , Wang Xin , Chen Zhongwei
Published: September 2022

Defective cross linked nickel cobalt sulfide sheets dominated by phosphorus anions and a hetero interface were designed. The catalyst possesses surprising HER properties with low overpotentials and long term stability.
PolarClean & dimethyl isosorbide: green matches in formulating cathode slurry
Authors: Sarkar Amrita , May Richard , Valmonte Zoren , Marbella Lauren E.
Published: September 2022

Use of the green solvent PolarClean demonstrates a potential route of replacing the toxic organic solvent N-methylpyrrolidone in composite cathode slurry fabrication for Li ion batteries.
Intelligent fault diagnosis of rotating machinery using lightweight network with modified tree‐structured parzen estimators
Authors: Liang Jingkang , Liao Yixiao , Chen Zhuyun , Lin Huibin , Jin Gang , Gryllias Konstantinos , Li Weihua
Published: September 2022

Deep learning‐based methods have been widely used in the field of rotating machinery fault diagnosis. It is of practical significance to improve the calculation speed of the model on the premise of ensuring accuracy, so as to realise real‐time fault diagnosis. However, designing an efficient and lightweight fault diagnosis network requires expert knowledge to determine the network structure and adjust the hyperparameters of the network, which is time‐consuming and laborious. In order to design fault diagnosis networks considering both time and accuracy effortlessly, a novel lightweight network with modified tree‐structured parzen estimators (LN‐MT) is proposed for intelligent fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. Firstly, a lightweight framework based on global average pooling and group convolution is proposed, and a hyperparameter optimisation (HPO) method based on Bayesian optimisation called tree‐structured parzen estimator is utilised to automatically search the optimal hyperparameters for the fault diagnosis task. The objective of the HPO algorithm is the weighting of accuracy and calculating time, so as to find models that balance both time and accuracy. The results of comparison experiments indicate that LN‐MT can achieve superior fault diagnosis accuracies with few trainable parameters and less calculating time.
Adaptive neural fault‐tolerant control of an uncertain 2‐DOF helicopter system with actuator faults and output error constrains
Authors: Cao Liang , Zhang Jian , Liu Shuangyin , Zhao Zhijia
Published: September 2022

This paper develops an adaptive neural fault‐tolerant control for an unknown two‐degree of freedom helicopter nonlinear system with output error constraints, actuator fault, and unknown external disturbances. A neural network disturbance observer is used to estimate system uncertainties and actuator gain failures. The tan‐type barrier Lyapunov equation is used to solve the system's output error constraint. To compensate for actuator bias failures and unknown external disturbances in the system, an adaptive auxiliary parameter is established. Furthermore, rigorously analyzing the chosen Lyapunov function, the system's stability is ensured. Finally, the numerical simulation results prove the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Attention transfer from human to neural networks for road object detection in winter
Authors: Boisclair Jonathan , Kelouwani Sousso , Ayevide Follivi Kloutse , Amamou Ali , Alam Muhammad Zeshan , Agbossou Kodjo
Published: September 2022

As an essential feature of autonomous road vehicles, obstacle detection must be executed on a real‐time onboard platform with high accuracy. Cameras are still the most commonly used sensors in autonomous driving. Most detections using cameras are based on convolutional neural networks. In this regard, a recent teacher–student approach, called transfer learning, has been used to improve the neural network training process. This approach has only been used with a neural network acting as a teacher to the best of our knowledge. This paper proposes a novel way of improving training data based on attention transfer by getting the attention map from a human. The proposed method allows the dataset size reduction by 50%, which leads to up to a 60% decline in the training time. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can enhance the F1‐score of the network by up to 10% in winter conditions.
A single‐model multi‐task method for face recognition and face attribute recognition in internet of things and visual computing
Authors: Lu Jin , Wu Bo
Published: September 2022

The use of the internet of things (IoT) is steadily increasing in a wide range of applications. Integration of IoT, computer vision, and artificial intelligence can improve people's daily life in various domains such as smart homes, smart cities, and smart industries. There are a large number of face recognition and face attribute recognition scenarios in reality, and the industry commonly decomposes these tasks, with three models responsible for handling face detection, face recognition, and face attribute recognition. The multi‐model approach requires a lot of computational resources for context switching, while training one model with one dataset is not only complex, but also leads to overfitting of the multi‐model approach. The authors propose a single‐model multi‐task approach, which can complete all tasks using only one model, and thus obtains a great improvement in inference speed, especially in scenes with high face density. After an experimental comparison, our approach saves a maximum of 96% of inference time, 49.5% of memory usage, and 59.7% of CPU time, avoids frequent context switching, and simplifies the training steps while improving the generalization performance of the model.
Preparation and properties of different dielectric films with Al metal electrode
Authors: Dong Qi , Zhong Shao‐Long , Feng Qi‐Kun , Zheng Ming‐Sheng , Ping Jiang‐Bo , Dang Zhi‐Min
Published: September 2022

Al electrodes with different thickness (sheet resistance 2–100 Ω/□) were deposited onto the films of polypropylene (PP), polyester (PET) and polyimide (PI) by vacuum evaporation. The root‐mean‐square (RMS) and peak‐to‐valley roughness of Al electrodes were characterised by atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that the PET and PI substrates showed the reduced threshold thickness of the continuous growth of Al electrodes compared with the PP substrate. The sheet resistance of Al electrodes decreases with the increase of peak‐to‐valley roughness. The current surge capability of the Al electrode decreases with the increase of RMS roughness. The Al electrode deposited on the PET film has higher sheet resistance and better current carrying capability, and the self‐healing performance of metallised film is also excellent among three kinds of films.
Constraints on the merging binary neutron star mass distribution and equation of state based on the incidence of jets in the population
Authors: Salafia Om Sharan , Colombo Alberto , Gabrielli Francesco , Mandel Ilya
Published: September 2022

A relativistic jet has been produced in the single well-localised binary neutron star (BNS) merger detected to date in gravitational waves (GWs), and the local rates of BNS mergers and short gamma-ray bursts are of the same order of magnitude. This suggests that jet formation is not a rare outcome for BNS mergers, and we show that this intuition can be turned into a quantitative constraint: at least about one-third of GW-detected BNS mergers and at least about one-fifth of all BNS mergers should produce a successful jet (90% credible level). Whether a jet is launched depends on the properties of the merger remnant and of the surrounding accretion disc, which in turn are a function of the progenitor binary masses and equation of state (EoS). The incidence of jets in the population therefore carries information about the binary component mass distribution and EoS. Under the assumption that a jet can only be produced by a black hole remnant surrounded by a non-negligible accretion disc, we show how the jet incidence can be used to place a joint constraint on the space of BNS component mass distributions and EoS. The result points to a broad mass distribution, with particularly strong support for masses in the 1.3 − 1.6 M⊙ range. The constraints on the EoS are shallow, but we show how they will tighten as the knowledge on the jet incidence improves. We also discuss how to extend the method to include future BNS mergers, with possibly uncertain jet associations.
Stochastic excitation of internal gravity waves in rotating late F-type stars: A 3D simulation approach
Authors: Breton S. N. , Brun A. S. , García R. A.
Published: September 2022

Context. There are no strong constraints placed thus far on the amplitude of internal gravity waves (IGWs) that are stochastically excited in the radiative interiors of solar-type stars. Late F-type stars have relatively thin convective envelopes with fast convective flows and tend to be fast rotators compared to solar-type stars of later spectral types. These two elements are expected to directly impact the IGW excitation rates and properties.

Aims. We want to estimate the amplitude of stochastically excited gravity modes (g-modes) in F-type stars for different rotational regimes.

Methods. We used the ASH code to perform 3D simulations of deep-shell models of 1.3 M⊙ F-type solar-type stars, including the radiative interior and the shallow convective envelope.

Results. We found different differential rotation regimes in the convective zone, depending on the rotation rate we imposed on the stellar models. We find that the convective structures and the overshoot properties are affected by rotation. The IGWs are excited by interface interactions between convective plumes and the top of the radiative interior. We were able to characterise the IGWs and g-mode properties in the radiative interior, and we compared these properties using the computation from the 1D oscillation code GYRE. The amplitude of low-frequency modes is significantly higher in fast-rotating models and the evolution of the period spacing of consecutive modes exhibits evidence of a behaviour that is modified by the influence of the Coriolis force. For our fastest rotating model, we were able to detect the intermediate degree g-mode signature near the top of the simulation domain. Nevertheless, the predicted luminosity perturbations from individual modes still remain at small amplitudes.

Conclusions. We obtained mode amplitudes that are several orders of magnitude higher than those of prior 3D simulations of solar models. Our simulations suggest that g-mode signatures could be detectable in late F-type stars, which are the hottest main-sequence solar-type pulsating stars. We therefore emphasise that they constitute object of primary importance for improving our understanding of internal stellar dynamics.
Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten von jungen Erwachsenen mit einer psychischen Erkrankung und Herausforderungen während der Transition
Authors: Ilgaz Ayca , Fegert Jörg M. , Schulze Ulrike M. E. , Baumeister Harald
Published: September 2022

Der Übergang von der kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen und -psychotherapeutischen Versorgung (KJPP) zu Versorgungsangeboten im Erwachsenenbereich stellt für junge Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen eine Herausforderung dar. Es drohen Behandlungsabbrüche, die Behandlungs- und Versorgungskontinuität ist gefährdet. Erfahrungen zeigen, dass nur ein kleiner Teil der jungen Erwachsenen einen reibungslosen Übergang erlebt, während die Mehrheit in die „Transitionslücke“ fällt. Nach einer Übersichtsdarstellung zu Forschungsergebnissen zu hiermit verbundenen Hindernissen innerhalb des Gesundheits- und Sozialsystems, stellt dieser Artikel traditionelle und neue digitale Möglichkeiten (ProTransition-App) zur Unterstützung junger Menschen in dieser Lebensphase vor.
101 Jahre Rorschachtest
Authors: Brugger Peter
Published: September 2022

Vor 100 Jahren verstarb der Schweizer Psychiater Hermann Rorschach, nur ein Jahr nach der Geburt seines berühmt gewordenen Tests. Vorliegender Beitrag würdigt beide, Rorschach, den Menschen, und Rorschach, den Test. Herrmann Rorschach war Künstler, Arzt und Wissenschaftler. Das Deutenlassen von Zufallsformen war nur eines von vielen Forschungsinteressen, die er verfolgte. Zwar hoffte er, seine Tintenkleckse einmal diagnostisch einsetzen zu können, sah aber einen noch langen Weg wahrnehmungspsychologischer Experimente vor sich. Sein früher Tod ließ ihn den ungeahnten Erfolg seiner Klecksmethode nicht mehr erleben. Von Amerika aus verbreiteten sich die 10 standardisiert beklecksten Tafeln über die ganze Welt; der Rorschachtest avancierte zum populärsten projektiven Verfahren der Testpsychologie. Wenn auch gegen Ende des vergangenen Jahrhunderts eine Abnahme der Veröffentlichungen zur Rorschach-Diagnostik zu verzeichnen war, zeugen neurowissenschaftliche Arbeiten von einem Sich-Besinnen auf die ursprünglichen wahrnehmungspsychologischen Ziele Hermann Rorschachs. So aktivieren etwa Klecksassoziationen, die eine Bewegung implizieren, das Spiegelneuronensystem und bilden damit eine Brücke zwischen Sehen, Kinaesthesie und Einfühlung. Lateralisiert-tachistoskopische Stimulation der beiden Gehirnhälften mit Rorschachs Klecksen validieren seine „Psychodiagnostik“ und belegen gleichzeitig die Rolle hemisphärenspezifischer Verarbeitungsprozesse für die Persönlichkeitspsychologie.
Entwicklung einer Gruppenintervention zur Unterstützung von Adoleszenten im Corona-bedingt erschwerten Übergang ins Erwachsenenleben
Authors: Neumerkel Johanna , Fritz Sarah , Hiller Therese , Neumann Sebastian , Gindele Verena , Böge Isabel , Fegert Jörg M. , Witt Andreas
Published: September 2022

Ziel Zentrales Ziel ist die Unterstützung der Adoleszenten im Corona-bedingt erschwerten Übergang ins Erwachsenenleben durch die Steigerung der Problemlöse- und Selbstlenkungsfähigkeit. Die Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen werden mit der Teilnahme an der Intervention darin gestärkt, eigene Fähigkeiten und Ressourcen wahrzunehmen und zu nutzen sowie bei Bedarf aktiv Hilfen in Anspruch zu nehmen.

Methodik Im Rahmen des Projekts „Dazugehören BaWü“ wird eine Gruppenintervention partizipativ entwickelt. Die Intervention stützt sich auf die Self-Determination Theory sowie die ökologische Resilienzdefinition nach Michael Ungar und zielt so auf die Stärkung der Selbstlenkungsfähigkeit und Problemlösefähigkeit ab. Die Zielgruppe der Intervention sind Adoleszente zwischen dem 15. und 27. Lebensjahr, welche Unterstützung im Übergang ins Erwachsenenleben benötigen.

Ergebnisse Zur Durchführung der Gruppenintervention werden ein Manual, ein Workbook sowie eine begleitende App entwickelt. Die Gruppenintervention umfasst 7 Sitzungen à circa 90 Minuten. Die begleitende App steht den Adoleszenten zwischen den Gruppensitzungen zur Verfügung, um erarbeitete Inhalte durch Videos, Podcasts oder Aufgaben zu vertiefen.

Diskussion Die Gruppenintervention wird im Herbst 2022 in 4 Modellstandorten zum Einsatz kommen und durch eine Prä-Post-Erhebung hinsichtlich der Nützlichkeit, Qualität und Umsetzbarkeit evaluiert.
Influence of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors on Plasma
Adiponectin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized
Controlled Trials
Authors: Wang Yang , Xia Ning
Published: September 2022

The influence of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors on plasma
adiponectin remains not comprehensively evaluated. We performed a meta-analysis
to systematically evaluate the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on plasma level of
adiponectin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Randomized
controlled trials comparing SGLT-2 inhibitors with non-active controls on plasma
adiponectin in T2DM patients were retrieved by search of the Medline (PubMed),
Embase, and CENTER (Cochrane Library) databases from inception to April 5, 2022.
Study characteristics and outcome data were independently extracted by two
authors. A random-effect model by incorporating the potential between-study
heterogeneity was used to combine the results. Fourteen studies with 2142
patients contributed to the meta-analysis. Compared to placebo, SGLT-2
inhibitors significantly increased plasma adiponectin [standard mean difference
(SMD): 0.35, 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.46, p<0.001] with mild
heterogeneity (I2=19%). Predefined subgroup analyses suggested
that tofogliflozin (SMD: 0.37, p<0.001), luseogliflozin (SMD: 0.51,
p<0.001), and ipragliflozin (SMD: 0.34, p<0.001) were associated
with increased adiponectin, but not for dapagliflozin (SMD: 0.14, p 0.26). In
addition, SGLT-2 inhibitors were associated with increased adiponectin in
studies from Asia (SMD: 0.42, p<0.001), but not in studies from the
western countries (SMD: 0.16, p 0.17). Moreover, the increment of adiponectin
was more significant in patients with body mass index
(BMI)<30 kg/m2 (SMD: 0.46, p<0.001) than that in
patients with BMI≤30 kg/m2 (SMD: 0.19, p 0.02, p for
subgroup difference 0.01). In conclusion, SGLT-2 inhibitors could significantly
increase plasma adiponectin as compared with placebo in T2DM patients.
Hearing Screening Age Considerations for Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Jordan Jaxon , Baiduc Rachael R. , Spankovich Christopher
Published: September 2022

Abstract Background The United States Preventative Service Taskforce recently determined that there was insufficient evidence to recommend hearing screening in adults. Purpose To determine the age to screen adults in the U.S. for hearing loss
and identify factors related to increased odds of hearing loss. Research Design Epidemiological Cross-Sectional Study. Study Sample Data from 3,409 individuals aged 20‐69 years(y) were analyzed from the 1999‐2000 and 2000‐2002 cycles of
the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Data Collection and Analysis Hearing sensitivity from 0.5‐8 kHz was assessed and hearing loss was defined as pure tone average 0.5, 1, 2, 4 kHz (PTA4) > 15 dBHL for the worse
ear. Thresholds were examined separately for men and women in 2-year intervals. A multivariate ordinal regression model adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education was used to examine relationship to determinants. Results Slight (>15 dBHL) hearing loss based
on threshold at a single audiometric frequency was first evident in males aged 28‐29y. For females, this occurred at age 34‐35y. The age at which average PTA4 increased above 15 dBHL (slight hearing loss) was 46‐47y for males and 56‐57y for females. Multivariate
ordinal regression revealed the following “high risk” factors: increased age, male sex, tinnitus, perceived hearing loss, and diabetes. Conclusions For the function of primary prevention, these data suggest screening should initiate at ∼30y for males and 35y
for females, the ages when average hearing thresholds at a single frequency can be classified as slight hearing loss. For secondary prevention, the recommended screening ages are higher ‐ 45y for males and 55y for females. Hearing screening is recommended for asymptomatic adults, especially
those with high risk factors. Our results also highlight the limitations of PTA4 in identifying early indices of hearing loss.
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Masquerading as Sero-negative Polyarthritis: Case Report
Authors: Chauhan Priyanka , Gupta Anshul , Panambur Chandni Bhandary , Chandra Dinesh , Kashyap Rajesh
Published: September 2022

Musculoskeletal manifestations as the sole presentation in acute leukemia is rare in adults. Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with reported incidence of 10 to 15% of total AML cases. APML presenting as polyarticular arthritis has never been reported in the literature. We present an interesting case of 20-year-old male patient who manifested with polyarticular arthritis mainly of small joints as the initial presentation, followed by pancytopenia and eventually was diagnosed as a case of APML on bone marrow morphology and molecular analysis for PML-RARα transcript. He was successfully treated with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO). Arthritis also resolved with complete remission of APML. Arthritis in a case with pancytopenia should promptly be evaluated prior to treatment with steroids and anti-metabolites. Arthritis can be a presenting manifestation of APML and responds to prompt management of leukemia as in other cases of leukemic arthritis.
A Promising Future for Hands-On At-Home Training in Pediatric Surgery
Authors: Joosten Maja , Wijnen Rene , de Blaauw Ivo , Botden Sanne M. B. I.
Published: September 2022

Introduction Sufficient training is needed to acquire and retain the procedural skills needed for the surgical correction of congenital anatomical malformations. This study aims to assess the opinions of trainees and pediatric surgeons on the use of simulation-based continued at-home training, which can help to acquire these skills.

Methods This study consisted of two parts. First, an international survey among trainees and pediatric surgeons assessed their opinions on simulation-based at-home training for pediatric surgical procedures (5-point Likert scale). Second, participants of pediatric colorectal courses were instructed to practice the posterior sagittal anorectoplasty procedure at-home on a simulation model and, subsequently, complete a questionnaire regarding their opinions on continuous at-home training (5-point Likert scale).

Results A total of 163 participants (83% pediatric surgeons) completed the international survey (response rate 43%). Overall, participants considered the training useful for both laparoscopic (mean 4.7) and open procedures (mean 4.2) and agreed that it may be used at home after a hands-on course (mean 4.3).

Twenty participants completed the questionnaire on continued training (response rate 36%). All agreed that at-home training was of added value (mean 4.5) and that the skills were transferable to the clinical setting (mean 4.3). At-home training was regarded a suitable exercise after a hands-on workshop (mean 4.3), but less so without a workshop (mean 3.7, p=0.017).

Conclusion Participating trainees and pediatric surgeons were of the opinion that simulation models and at-home training have added value. This implies that simulation-based training may be used more often in pediatric surgical training.
The Utility of NATEM Assay in Predicting Bleeding Risk in Critically Ill Neonates
Authors: Sokou Rozeta , Georgiadou Petroula , Tsantes Andreas G. , Parastatidou Stavroula , Konstantinidi Aikaterini , Ioakeimidis Georgios , Makrogianni Athanasia , Theodoraki Martha , Kokoris Styliani , Iacovidou Nicoletta , Kriebardis Anastasios G. , Piovani Daniele , Bonovas Stefanos , Tsantes Argirios E.
Published: September 2022

We aimed to investigate the hemostatic status of diseased neonates using nonactivated rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) assay (NATEM) assay and, in addition, to evaluate the discriminative power of NATEM parameters in predicting the risk of bleeding in critically ill neonates and compare it to that of EXTEM (extrinsically activated ROTEM) parameters. This cohort study included 158 consecutive, critically ill neonates with presumed sepsis, perinatal hypoxia, or respiratory distress syndrome. The EXTEM and NATEM assays were performed on the first day of disease onset. The neonatal bleeding assessment tool was used to record and assess clinical bleeding events on the day of ROTEM analysis. Several EXTEM and NATEM ROTEM parameters differed between neonates with and without clinical bleeding events, indicating a hypo-coagulable state in neonates with clinical bleeding. NATEM parameters had comparable predictive performance for clinical bleeding events with EXTEM parameters for clotting time, clot formation time (CFT), A10 (clot amplitude at 10minutes), maximum clot firmness, lysis index at 60minutes, and maximum clot elasticity (p>0.05). However, NATEM A20, A30, and α angle demonstrated better predictive ability than EXTEM A20, A30, and α angle, respectively (p<0.05). A NATEM CFT value ≥147seconds presented 95.2% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI]: 76.1–99.8%) and 65.6% specificity (95% CI: 57.1–73.5%) to detect neonates with clinical bleeding, while a NATEM A10 value ≤42mm had 80.8% sensitivity (95% CI: 71.8–85.9%) and 76.0% specificity (95% CI: 52.8–91.7%) to detect neonates with clinical bleeding events. The NATEM assay has shown remarkable sensitivity in predicting bleeding in critically ill neonates, exceeding EXTEM performance in some selected parameters. The incorporation of NATEM test parameters in predictive models for neonatal hemorrhage seems promising.
Thromboelastography-Guided Therapy Enhances Patient Blood Management in Cirrhotic Patients: A Meta-analysis Based on Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Hartmann Jan , Dias Joao D. , Pivalizza Evan G. , Garcia-Tsao Guadalupe
Published: September 2022

Patients with cirrhosis often have abnormal hemostasis, with increased risk of hemorrhage and thrombosis. Thromboelastography provides a rapid assessment of the coagulation status and can guide product transfusions in adult patients with cirrhosis. This study aimed to determine whether the use of thromboelastography in adult patients with cirrhosis decreases blood product use and impacts adverse events or mortality compared with standard practice. A registered (PROSPERO CRD42020192458) systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing thromboelastography-guided hemostatic management versus standard practice (control). Co-primary outcomes were the number of transfused platelet units and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) units. Secondary outcomes were mortality, adverse events, utilization of individual blood products, blood loss or excessive bleeding events, hospital/intensive care unit stay, and liver transplant/intervention outcomes. The search identified 260 articles, with five RCTs included in the meta-analysis. Platelet use was five times lower with thromboelastography versus the control, with a relative risk of 0.17 (95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.03–0.90]; p = 0.04), but FFP use did not differ significantly. Thromboelastography was associated with less blood product (p < 0.001), FFP + platelets (p < 0.001), and cryoprecipitate (p < 0.001) use. No differences were reported in bleeding rates or longer term mortality between groups, with the thromboelastography group having lower mortality at 7 days versus the control (relative risk [95% CI] = 0.52 [0.30–0.91]; p = 0.02). Thromboelastography-guided therapy in patients with cirrhosis enhances patient blood management by reducing use of blood products without increasing complications.
Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia in India: A Systematic Review
Authors: Srinivasan Shyam , Gollamudi Venkata Rama Mohan , Dhariwal Nidhi
Published: September 2022

Background Lower-middle-income countries face unique problems in the management of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) due to which the outcomes have not kept pace with developed nations. In India, data on childhood AML is sparsely available, thus making a true assessment of disease trends difficult. The current systematic review was undertaken to assess the outcomes of childhood AML from published literature from India over a period of 10 years (2011–2021).

Materials and Methods A systematic search of MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS was performed as per preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2021. In addition, International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) conference abstracts were also screened for relevant studies on AML from India. This study was registered in PROSPERO (ID42021273218).

Results A total of 1,210 patients from 19 studies were included. Standard 3 + 7 and MRC AML based regimens were commonly adopted regimens for induction. Remission rates varied between 56 and 95%. Overall treatment-related mortality across studies was 23.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.3–35.9%). The mean incidence of treatment abandonment was 19.3% ( 95% CI: 10.9–27.5%). Event-free survival and overall survival were in the range of 28 to 55% and 15 to 66%, respectively. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was performed only on a small subset of patients.

Conclusion  Outcomes of pediatric AML in India continue to be suboptimal with high treatment abandonment and toxic deaths. Ensuring uniform access to therapy and supportive care along with a robust social support system would improve outcomes of childhood AML in India.
Effect of Patellofemoral Arthroplasty on Patellar Height in Patients with Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis
Authors: Lee Hannah , Fletcher Connor , Hartwell Matthew , Strickland Sabrina M.
Published: September 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) in the knee is common, painful, and may be uni- or multicompartmental. The compartment affected by arthritis may be due to trauma, malalignment (varus or valgus), or in the case of patellofemoral OA, patella alta. Patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) is an effective partial knee replacement surgery for patellofemoral OA. We hypothesized that PFA can decrease patellar height. In addition, we predicted better outcomes for patients with patella alta before PFA and those whose patellar heights decreased after PFA. This is a retrospective cohort study of PFA patients from 2012 to 2020. Before and after PFA, we measured patellar heights on X-ray images and collected patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) (International Knee Documentation Committee score, Kujala Anterior Knee Pain Score, and Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey for mental and physical health). Statistical analyses assessed PROMs and compared outcomes based on pre- and postoperative patella height. Of 133 knees, 73% presented with patella alta and 61% had patellar heights that decreased after PFA. Compared with patients who did not present with patella alta, patients with patella alta reported similar outcomes with respect to knee function, pain, and general physical and mental health. Compared with patients whose patellar heights decreased after PFA, patients whose knees did not decrease in height reported greater improvements in pain and function. Our findings suggest that patella alta is commonly found in patients with patellofemoral OA and that PFA can decrease patellar height. Future studies are needed to assess whether patellofemoral OA patients with greater degrees of patella alta would benefit from staged or concurrent tibial tubercle distalization.
Race/Ethnicity and Perception of Care: Does Patient–Provider Concordance Matter?
Authors: Adams Constants , Francone Nicolás , Chen Liqi , Yee Lynn M. , Horvath Madeleine , Premkumar Ashish
Published: September 2022

Objective We determine whether racial concordance between postpartum patients and obstetric providers (dyads) impacts the perception of quality of care among people undergoing intrapartum obstetrical procedures.

Study Design This is a prospective cohort study of postpartum people who underwent operative vaginal or cesarean deliveries in the second stage of labor. Participants were asked to identify the race of their primary provider and complete the Interpersonal Processes of Care (IPC) survey, which assesses communication, patient-centered decision-making, and interpersonal style. The association of participant-identified patient–provider racial concordance with IPC scores was determined. The primary outcome was the IPC subdomain related to discrimination, and secondary outcomes included other IPC subdomains and IPC results by participant racial identity (Black, LatinX vs. White). Sociodemographic and biomedical data were extracted from the medical record. Bivariable analyses were performed.

Results Of 168 patients who were approached, 107 (63.6%) agreed to participate and 87 (81.3%) completed the survey. The majority (n=49) identified a racially discordant provider. Participants in racially concordant dyads were more likely to be older, White, use English as a primary language, complete a higher degree of education, and have a higher household income when compared with racially discordant dyads. Intrapartum outcomes were not significantly different between groups. Median IPC subtest scores were not significantly different between groups or between racial/ethnic identities.

Conclusion There were no significant differences in perceptions of IPC between racially concordant versus discordant dyads. However, there is an ongoing need to further clarify measures of quality of care in high-acuity obstetrical situations to remediate ongoing racial and ethnic disparities in adverse health outcomes.

Key Points
Assessment of Psychological Distress Among Indian Adolescents and Young Adults with Solid Cancer Using the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Thermometer
Authors: Shrivastava Shiv Prasad , Elhence Aditya , Jinwala Prutha , Bansal Shashank , Chitalkar Prakash , Bhatnagar Shweta , Patidar Rajesh , Asati Vikas , Reddy Pradeep Kumar
Published: September 2022

Purpose The incidence of cancer has increased in India with a visible impact on the young population (aged 15–39 years). The present study aims to evaluate psychological distress among Indian adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with solid cancer using the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) distress thermometer.

Methods The demographic and clinical characteristics of AYAs patients (age 15–39 years) with cancer were recorded. Assessment of psychological distress of patients using the NCCN distress thermometer was performed at three time points over a period of 3 months. Distress thermometer scale and a self-administered questionnaire in English and Hindi languages was handed over to participants at three time points: at treatment commencement (T1), at 1 month, and 3 months (T2 and T3, respectively) into therapy.

Results Of the 259 patients, 63% were women and 37% men; the median age was 34 years. In total, 71 (27%) were ≤ 24 years old and 188 (73%) were>24 years old. Bone sarcoma (39%) was common cancer in AYA patients aged ≤ 24 years and breast cancer (21%) in >24 years of age. The distress scores in both the groups were the highest at diagnosis (T1) followed by that measured at 1 (T2) and 3 months (T3) after diagnosis. The distress score in the age ≤ 24 years was the highest (6.7) at T1, followed by those measured at T2 (2.6) and T3 (1.1) and among age>24 years was the highest (6.6) at T1, followed by those measured at T2 (2.6) and T3 (1.2). Among AYA patients>24 years old, worry, nervousness, sadness, transportation, and sleep were the top five identified problems and in ≤ 24 years old, the top identified problems were worry, financial support, sleep, nervousness, and sadness.

Conclusion Adolescents and young adults experience some level of distress associated with the cancer diagnosis, effects of the disease, treatment regardless of the stage and various transitions throughout the trajectory of the disease. The distress thermometer is an easy and useful tool for the assessment of psychological distress in AYA cancers. Early identification of distress burden with the distress thermometer leads to effective interventions in patients with cancer which could improve outcomes including survival in AYAs with cancer in India.
Validity and reliability of a questionnaire developed to explore quality assurance components for teaching and learning in vocational and technical education
Authors: Wafudu Satumari John , Kamin Yusri Bin , Marcel Daniel
Published: September 2022

Most vocational and technical education (VTE) educational systems invest in quality assurance for teaching and learning to improve the skills of the workforce that would contribute to socio-economic development. Quality assurance provides confidence in educational services to meet the quality desires of teaching and learning settings. Yet it has been reported that there are challenges in teaching and learning effectiveness due to a lack of technological breakthroughs among students, resulting in an insufficiently skilled workforce. The primary aim of this study is to develop and validate a questionnaire for quality assurance for teaching and learning in vocational and technical education. The questionnaire was developed based on the data obtained by item generation through an interview with quality managers, administrators, and lecturers and a literature review. The content validity of the quality assurance for teaching and learning (QATL) questionnaire was validated using expert judgment. The principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal varimax techniques examined the structures and validity of the quality components. After exploratory factor analysis on the quality components under input, process, and output domains, the input quality factors explained 78.81% of the cumulative variance, the process quality factors explained 72.679% of the cumulative variance, and the output quality factors explained 75.027% of the cumulative variance. The analysis used Cronbach’s alpha to test the internal consistency reliability, and the alpha values ranged from 0.835 to 0.963, indicating very high reliability. Present findings suggest that the QATL is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing quality components of quality assurance for teaching and learning in vocational and technical education. These quality components enable optimal VTE objective achievement if implemented in teaching and learning.
A review of marine controlled-source electromagnetic data preprocessing technology
Authors: Li Suyi , Gu Chunying , Yang Jiayu , Zhang Yi , Diao Shu , Ji Yanju
Published: September 2022

The marine controlled-source electromagnetic (MCSEM) method is an important geophysical technique for seabed resource exploration. During the MCSEM exploration process, distortion and noise will inevitably appear in the original data collected by the receiver due to various interferences and geological factors. The data preprocessing technology, therefore, is essential to improve the data quality for further inversion explanation of the seabed’s geological structure. Through tracing and analyzing the relevant literature published over two decades on MCSEM data preprocessing technology, including data correction and noise suppression methods, this Review first introduces the basic principle of MCSEM exploration and then analyzes the advances, limitations, and challenges of its current application. Ultimately, this Review discusses the prospects of this technology, providing a reference to relevant industries and researchers.
Analysis of displacement damage mechanism and simulation proton irradiation on GaAs
Authors: Fan Jieqing , Tan Qun , Hao Jianhong
Published: September 2022

GaAs is an important material for preparing power supply for space vehicles, satellites, and space systems. To study the displacement damage of GaAs material caused by protons in the space environment, in this article, the Monte Carlo software Geant4 was used to simulate the transport process of space protons in GaAs; calculate the non-ionizing energy loss (NIEL) of protons with different energies; and obtain the species, energy range, and proportion of primary knock-on atom produced by proton irradiation with different energies. The results show that with the increase in the incident proton energy, the probability of elastic collision decreases and the probability of inelastic collision increases. The main source of displacement damage changes from elastic collision to inelastic collision. The radiation damage of low energy protons is serious at the end of the range, while that of high energy protons is serious at the beginning and end of the range. With the increase in the proton energy, the number of displaced atoms increases and the NIEL changes slowly. This provides a theoretical reference for the reliable operation of spacecraft.
How transient effects can change the inferred plasma temperatures when using K-shell sulfur line ratios in a time dependent iron sulfide plasma
Authors: Rilloraza Francisco , Martin Madison E. , London Richard A. , Nilsen Joseph
Published: September 2022

This paper describes how the steady state atomic kinetics approximation can underestimate the electron temperature determined from K-shell lines in ps-time-scale transient plasmas. In particular, we model the temperature determination of solid FeS targets used in opacity experiments at the Orion laser facility from the ratio of sulfur He-α to Ly-α lines. Such experiments use short-pulse lasers to heat a thin microdot of FeS buried in a plastic target to temperatures of more than 1 keV and densities of approximately 1–2 g/cm3. Using atomic kinetics calculations based on a temperature history from a radiation hydrodynamic simulation of the target evolution, the peak temperature inferred from the sulfur line ratios is 1.29 keV at 3.1 ps as compared with the input peak temperature of 1.41 keV at 2.0 ps. There is a time lag of 1.2 ps at the peak, and an overall 0.5 ps time lag in the temporal history of the temperature as the plasma cools over the next 10 ps.
Aggressive banners, dialect-shouting village heads, and their online fame
Authors: Zhou Feifei
Published: September 2022

At the beginning of the Covid-19 outbreak in China, the state quickly declared a nationwide anti-Covid campaign.
This article looks at how the rural space was transformed during this early anti-Covid campaign. Unlike the official state
discourses, rural officials resorted to direct, down-to-earth, and ‘cold-hearted’ messages to persuade the villagers to comply
with the rules. Based on a study of widely circulated banners and videos online, drawing on Linguistic Landscape studies and discourse
analysis, I investigate the discursive strategies employed in rural LL. Moreover, I discuss how the intended/imagined audiences of
these multimodal signing practices are disconnected from the changed rural population. These discrepancies will be further
examined in light of the online subcultural practices of ‘tuwei culture’. I will argue that much-needed discussion of the actual
difficulties that rural officials face is displaced in the online consumption of rural LL.
A sign in the window
Authors: Douglas Gordon C. C.
Published: September 2022

The proliferation of handmade signage, physical installations, and other neighborhood scale visual communication in the months following the outbreak of Covid-19 presented a unique opportunity to consider how new norms of social conduct and community solidarity are established and negotiated in public space. This study examines the cultural and spatial implications of this informal visual communication through street-level photographic analysis conducted over 18 months in communities around the United States, producing a typology of observed phenomena and highlighting differences across time, place, politics, and intentions. In particular, the author illustrates how the signs not only work to negotiate new norms for public conduct during a time of fear, misinformation, and inconsistent guidelines, but in doing so effectively demonstrate what a grassroots community response looks like to this unusual kind of extreme event.
Signs at work
Authors: Modan Gabriella , Wells Katie J.
Published: September 2022

We use a geographically informed notion of landscape and Williams’ (1977) framework structure of feeling to examine ‘closed’, masking, and social distancing signs on businesses in the Washington, DC central-city neighborhood of Adams Morgan. We argue that the semantic content and discursive structure of the Covid signs, together with the in-the-moment feeling of walking down empty streets while a little-understood virus had just started raging, promoted a reconceptualization of labor relations tied to solidarity, public health, and communal responsibility, and making visible the working conditions of low-wage workers. This new structure of feeling opens up a space – however narrow – of political possibility.