bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond transcription, aryl hydrocarbon receptor plays a protective role in periodontitis by interacting with CaMKII
Authors: Zeng Xuwen , Feng Meiting , Lu Jiawei , Wang Ruiling , Deng Li , Yang Yanan , Luo Lijun
Published: July 2024

Background

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has been studied as an intracellular pattern recognition receptor that can identify bacterial pigments. To identify a potential therapeutic target for periodontitis, we investigated the expression of AhR in periodontitis and its role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.

Methods

First, we analyzed AhR expression in a single‐cell dataset from human periodontal tissue. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were used to verify the AhR level. Later, we determined the phenotypes of ligature‐induced periodontitis in myeloid‐specific AhR‐deficient mice (Lyz2‐Cre+/− AhRfx/fx), after which RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq), qPCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the impacts of AhR on periodontitis and its mechanism. Finally, we determined the therapeutic effect of AhR agonist 6‐Formylindolo[3,2‐b]carbazole (FICZ) administration on murine periodontitis and verified the effects of FICZ on macrophage polarization in vitro.

Results

AhR expression was enhanced in macrophages from periodontitis patients. Deletion of AhR from macrophages aggravated ligature‐induced periodontitis and promoted the inflammatory response. Calcium/calmodulin‐stimulated protein kinase II (CaMKII) phosphorylation was accelerated in AhR‐deficient macrophages. Inhibiting CaMKII phosphorylation ameliorated periodontitis in Lyz2‐Cre+/− AhRfx/fx mice. FICZ treatment blocked alveolar bone loss and relieved periodontal inflammation. FICZ diminished M1 macrophage polarization and promoted M2 macrophage polarization upon M1 macrophage induction.

Conclusion

AhR played a protective role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis by orchestrating macrophage polarization via interacting with the CaMKII signaling pathway.
Magnitude and driving factors of boron depletion in agricultural soils
Authors: Eyherabide Mercedes , Wyngaard Nicolás , Larrea Gastón , Angelini Hernán , Martínez Cuesta Nicolás , Barbieri Pablo , Reussi Calvo Nahuel Ignacio , Sainz Rozas Hernán Rene
Published: July 2024

Background

Neither the magnitude of boron (B) depletion in agricultural soils nor the driving factors of this process have been systematically studied before.

Aims

The objectives of our study were to survey the extractable B (Be) in pristine soils as compared with cultivated soils, to estimate the yearly B depletion rate in agroecosystems, and to identify the edaphic, productive, and/or climatic factors determining that rate.

Methods

Surface soil samples (0–20 cm layer) were taken from uncropped (UC) sites and nearby agricultural fields in 2011 and 2018 (AGR2011 and AGR2018, respectively) from the Argentinean Pampas. In these samples, Be and other edaphoclimatic and productive variables were determined, such as clay content, precipitation (PP), pH, evapotranspiration (ET), soil organic matter (SOM), and B removal with crop grains (RB).

Results

The Be concentration decreased with agricultural activity, because UC soils had an average Be value of 1.9 mg kg−1, whereas AGR2011 and AGR2018 soils had values of 1.3 and 0.9 mg kg−1, respectively. The depletion rate from 2018 to 2011 ranged from 0.01 to 0.06 mg kg−1 y−1, and the main factors associated with this process were RB, PP, soil acidification, and SOM depletion (promoting B depletion) and ET and clay (reducing depletion).

Conclusion

At current rates, B depletion from these agricultural soils could compromise B availability for crops in the short‐to‐medium term, depending on regional differences caused by edaphoclimatic and productive differences (RB, PP, pH, SOM, ET, and clay). Urgent actions are required to halt and/or revert this soil degradation process.
Preoperative Acetaminophen For Microsuspension Laryngoscopy Reduces Postoperative Opioid Use
Authors: Lagos‐Villaseca Antonia , Lappin James J. , Perrin Claire E. , Ma Yue , Young VyVy N. , Pasvankas George W. , Stockton Steven D. , Rosen Clark A. , Laohakittikul Chanticha
Published: July 2024

Objectives

The opioid crisis has prompted consideration of analgesic prescriptions. This study explored the value of preoperative acetaminophen for pain control following microsuspension laryngoscopy (MSL) and compared the results with a previous study of pain and opioid use following MSL (Tsang et al.).

Methods

A prospective open‐label clinical trial was conducted in patients undergoing MSL. All patients were administered preoperative acetaminophen. Short‐form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF‐MPQ), pain visual analogue scale (VAS), and present pain intensity (PPI) scores were collected preoperatively and on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 3, 7, and 14. Statistical analysis identified variables associated with opioid use or increased pain scores, and compared outcomes with Tsang et al.

Results

Eighty‐nine patients were included (mean age 52.8 ± 17.3 years, 40 males). All patients received preoperative 1 g acetaminophen (77 (86.5%) orally) with no adverse effects. On POD1, opioid usage was 10%. Median [IQR] pain scores were 5 [2–11], 21 [12.3–56.8], and 3 [2–3.3] on SF‐MPQ, VAS, and PPI, respectively. Post‐Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) opioid requirements significantly correlated with POD1 opioid consumption (τb = 0.214; p ≤ 0.05), and significant associations with PACU opioid administration were found for total anesthesia time (OR (95%CI) = 1.271 (1.043–1.548), p = 0.017) and total laryngoscope suspension time (OR (95%CI) = 0.791 (0.651–0.962, p = 0.019)). This cohort demonstrated reduced opioid usage on POD1 compared with Tsang et al (23%).

Conclusions

Preoperative acetaminophen is a safe intervention, resulting in decreased postoperative opioid use following MSL. Anesthesia time correlated with need for postoperative opioids.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 134:4625–4635, 2024
A simple, safe method for preserving dissolved methane in freshwater samples using benzalkonium chloride
Authors: Osaka Ken'ichi , Nagata Reina , Inoue Moegi , Itoh Masayuki , Hosoi‐Tanabe Shoko , Iwata Hiroki
Published: July 2024

Methane (CH4) dissolved in water is readily consumed by CH4‐oxidizing bacteria, so the possibility of the dissolved CH4 concentration (dCH4) in sampled water changing before analysis is a concern. To determine the accurate in situ dCH4 level, mercury chloride (HgCl2) or sodium azide (NaN3) is traditionally used for sample preservation. However, these preservatives are very toxic and great care must be taken when adding them to samples. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC), a quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant, is a readily available disinfectant that is less harmful to the human body than HgCl2, NaN3, and other preservatives. In this study, we investigated the usefulness of BAC in preserving dCH4 in swamp water, which is a critical terrestrial source of CH4. The dCH4 in samples without BAC decreased immediately after sample collection, whereas the dCH4 in the samples with added BAC did not change significantly for at least 15 d. In addition, when BAC was added to 18 water samples with different water chemistries, the dCH4 did not change significantly from immediately after sampling to 1 week after sampling (average difference: 3%). Thus, in the water samples used in this study, BAC effectively preserved dCH4 in the samples for at least 1 week. Further testing of the effect of BAC on the preservation of dCH4 in different types of water samples worldwide will help to establish a more complete, simple, and safe method.
Tapered hollow‐core fiber sensor for monitoring axial strain, magnetic field, and refractive index
Authors: Gao Jiawei , Jiang Chao , Deng Longfeng , Li Li , Hu Chuanju , Sun Simei , Li Hong , Jiang Guozhou
Published: July 2024

A high sensitivity sensor is proposed to measure axial strain, magnetic field, and refractive index. Hollow‐core fiber (HCF) and single mode fiber (SMF) are fused together to form the “SMF–HCF–SMF,” then tapering HCF, and finally forming a sensor. The light in the sensor structure forms an antiresonant reflection optical waveguide mechanism. The sensor has particularly thin waist circumference, therefore the surface evanescent field of the sensor is easily affected by environmental parameters, making it particularly sensitive to environmental parameters. The axial strain sensitivity obtained by the sensor is as high as −31.87 pm/µε. The magnetic field sensitivity obtained by combining the sensor with magnetostrictive material Terfenol‐D in the range of 10–40 mT is 123.9 pm/mT. The sensor measures the refractive index of NaCl solution with a sensitivity of up to 2109.308 nm/RIU (RIU: refractive index unit). Additionally, the sensor has good stability and repeatability when measuring three physical quantities. The sensor has a compact structure, stable performance, simple manufacturing, and can measure multiple parameters in biochemical engineering, industrial structural health detection, and marine resource detection.
Web-based application to guide sampling on salmon farms for more precise estimation of sea louse abundance
Authors: Jeong Jaewoon , Revie Crawford W.
Published: July 2024

Objective

Efficiently managing sea lice on salmon farms through active surveillance, crucial for lice abundance estimation, is challenging due to the need for effective sampling schemes. To address this, we developed an application that considers infestation levels, farm structure, and management protocols, enhancing the precision of sampling strategies for sea louse abundance estimation.

Methods

Simulation-based methods are valuable for estimating suitable sample sizes in complex studies where standard formulae are inadequate. We introduce FishSampling, an open Web-based application tailored to determine precise sample sizes for specific scenarios and objectives.

Result

The model incorporates factors such as sea lice abundance, farm pen numbers, potential clustering effects among these pens, and the desired confidence level. Simulation outcomes within this application provide practical advice on how to decide on the number of fish and pens to sample, under varying levels of assumed clustering.

Conclusion

This approach can be used across the salmon aquaculture sector to improve sampling strategies for sea lice abundance estimation and balance surveillance costs against health objectives.
The effects of light, rearing density, and fish size in culturing juvenile Lumpfish
Authors: Perry Shelby A. , Fairchild Elizabeth A. , Jellison Brittany M.
Published: July 2024

Objective

There is an impetus for increasing Lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus hatchery production and rearing efficiency due to the high demand for their usefulness as cleaner fish in salmonid ocean farming. One production bottleneck is the loss of juvenile fish due to aggressive behaviors, including cannibalism. Understanding which factors exacerbate Lumpfish aggression and providing mitigation guidelines to aquaculturists are warranted.

Methods

Two experiments were conducted for an 8-week period in 2022 in 3-L aquaria with different juvenile size-classes (4 and 11 g) subjected to three rearing densities (40, 65, and 90 g/L) under different photoperiod regimes (12 h light : 12 h dark [113 lx]; 24 h light : 0 h dark [21 lx]; and 24 h light : 0 h dark [302 lx]), resulting in nine experimental treatments. Survival, growth, and aggression (occurrence and severity of caudal fin nipping) were evaluated.

Result

For 4-g Lumpfish, light and density significantly affected growth (weight gain and specific growth rate), while an interaction between light and density significantly affected the occurrence of caudal fin nipping but not the degree of fin nipping or survival. None of the tested variables significantly affected 11-g fish. Generally, a trend toward increased caudal fin nipping occurred in smaller fish (~45% occurrence in 4-g fish vs. ~20% in 11-g fish), indicating that cannibalism may be even greater when Lumpfish are smaller than 4 g but abates as the fish grow.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that manipulation of lighting at rearing densities of up to 90 g/L can be used to control growth rates in small Lumpfish, often without resulting in increased fish aggression. For small (~4-g) Lumpfish, constant low light intensity in combination with a low (40-g/L) rearing density is recommended for reducing growth and caudal fin nipping. However, as Lumpfish grow, these variables are less effective at manipulating fish growth.
Guideline for treating relapsed or refractory myeloid leukemia in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Miladinovic Milica , Reinhardt Dirk , Hasle Henrik , Goemans Bianca F. , Tomizawa Daisuke , Hitzler Johann , Klusmann Jan‐Henning
Published: July 2024

Treatment of relapsed and refractory myeloid leukemia in Down syndrome (r/r ML‐DS) poses significant challenges, as prognosis is dire and there is no established standard treatment. This guideline provides treatment recommendations based on a literature review and collection of expert opinions, aiming to improve overall and event‐free survival of patients. Treatment options include fludarabine and cytarabine (FLA) ± gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO), azacytidine (AZA) ± panobinostat, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Preferred approaches are AZA ± panobinostat for cases with low blast count or FLA ± GO for cases with high blast count, followed by HSCT after remission. Further research is crucial for the investigation of targeted therapies (e.g., BH3 mimetics, LSD1, JAK inhibitors).
Enhancing team communication to improve implementation of a supervised walking program for hospitalized veterans: Evidence from a multi‐site trial in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Drake Connor , Wang Virginia , Stechuchak Karen M. , Sperber Nina , Bruening Rebecca , Coffman Cynthia J. , Choate Ashley , Van Houtven Courtney Harold , Allen Kelli D. , Colon‐Emeric Cathleen , Jackson George L. , Tucker Matthew , Meyer Cassie , Kappler Caitlin B. , Hastings Susan N.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The timely translation of evidence‐based programs into real‐world clinical settings is a persistent challenge due to complexities related to organizational context and team function, particularly in inpatient settings. Strategies are needed to promote quality improvement efforts and implementation of new clinical programs.

Objective

This study examines the role of CONNECT, a complexity science‐based implementation intervention to promote team readiness, for enhancing implementation of the ‘Assisted Early Mobility for Hospitalized Older Veterans’ program (STRIDE), an inpatient, supervised walking program.

Design

We conducted a stepped‐wedge cluster randomized trial using a convergent mixed‐methods design. Within each randomly assigned stepped‐wedge sequence, Veterans Affairs Medical Centers (VAMCs) were randomized to receive standardized implementation support only or additional training via the CONNECT intervention. Data for the study were obtained from hospital administrative and electronic health records, surveys, and semi‐structured interviews with clinicians before and after implementation of STRIDE.

Setting

Eight U.S. VAMCs.

Participants

Three hundred fifty‐three survey participants before STRIDE implementation and 294 surveys after STRIDE implementation. Ninety‐two interview participants.

Intervention

CONNECT, a complexity‐science–based intervention to improve team function.

Main Outcome Measures

The implementation outcomes included STRIDE reach and fidelity. Secondary outcomes included validated measures of team function (i.e., team communication, coordination, role clarity).

Results

At four VAMCs randomized to CONNECT, reach was higher (mean 12.4% vs. 3.8%), and fidelity was similar to four non‐CONNECT VAMCs. VAMC STRIDE delivery teams receiving CONNECT reported improvements in team function domains, similar to non‐CONNECT VAMCs. Qualitative findings highlight CONNECT's impact and the influence of team characteristics and contextual factors, including team cohesion, leadership support, and role clarity, on reach and fidelity.

Conclusion

CONNECT may promote greater reach of STRIDE, but improvement in team function among CONNECT VAMCs was similar to improvement among non‐CONNECT VAMCs. Qualitative findings suggest that CONNECT may improve team function and implementation outcomes but may not be sufficient to overcome structural barriers related to implementation capacity.
Curcumin and nano‐curcumin applications in psychiatric disorders
Authors: Mohammadzadeh R. , Fathi M. , Pourseif M. M. , Omidi Y. , Farhang S. , Barzegar Jalali M. , Valizadeh H. , Nakhlband A. , Adibkia K.
Published: July 2024

Psychiatric disorders cause long‐lasting disabilities across different age groups. While various medications are available for mental disorders, some patients do not fully benefit from them or experience treatment resistance. The pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders involves multiple mechanisms, including an increase in the inflammatory response. Targeting inflammatory mechanisms has shown promise as a therapeutic approach for these disorders. Curcumin, known for its anti‐inflammatory properties and potential neuroprotective effects, has been the subject of studies investigating its potential as a treatment option for psychiatric disorders. This review comprehensively examines the potential therapeutic role of curcumin and its nanoformulations in psychiatric conditions, including major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and anxiety disorders. There is lack of robust clinical trials across all the studied psychiatric disorders, particularly bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. More studies have focused on MDD. Studies on depression indicate that curcumin may be effective as an antidepressant agent, either alone or as an adjunct therapy. However, inconsistencies exist among study findings, highlighting the need for further research with improved blinding, optimized dosages, and treatment durations. Limited evidence supports the use of curcumin for bipolar disorder, making its therapeutic application challenging. Well‐designed clinical trials are warranted to explore its potential therapeutic benefits. Exploring various formulations and delivery strategies, such as utilizing liposomes and nanoparticles, presents intriguing avenues for future research. More extensive clinical trials are needed to assess the efficacy of curcumin as a standalone or adjunctive treatment for psychiatric disorders, focusing on optimal dosages, formulations, and treatment durations.
Does curcumin improve liver enzymes levels in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? A systematic review, meta‐analysis, and meta‐regression
Authors: Aragón‐Vela Jerónimo , Sánchez‐Oliver Antonio J. , Huertas Jesús R. , Casuso Rafael A.
Published: July 2024

The aim of this meta‐analysis is to investigate the sources of heterogeneity in randomized clinical trials examining the effects of curcumin supplementation on liver aminotransferases in subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We conducted a systematic search of the PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials and identified 15 studies (n = 835 subjects). We used random‐effects models with DerSimonian‐Laird methods to analyze the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes. Our results indicate that curcumin did not affect serum alanine aminotransferase, but it did reduce aspartate aminotransferase levels. Notably, both outcomes showed high heterogeneity (p < 0.01). Subgroup analysis revealed that adding piperine to curcumin did not benefit aminotransferase levels in NAFLD patients. Additionally, we found a negative correlation between the duration of the intervention and the relative (mg/kg/day) curcumin dose with the reduction in liver aminotransferases. In summary, the sources of heterogeneity identified in our study are likely attributed to the duration of the intervention and the relative dose of curcumin. Consequently, longer trials utilizing high doses of curcumin could diminish the positive impact of curcumin in reducing serum levels of aminotransferases in patients with NAFLD.
Characteristics and risk profiles of patients with pulmonary arterial or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension living permanently at >2500 m of high altitude in Ecuador
Authors: Hoyos Rodrigo , Lichtblau Mona , Cajamarca Elizabeth , Mayer Laura , Schwarz Esther Irene , Ulrich Silvia
Published: July 2024

Over 80 Mio people worldwide live >2500 m, including at least as many patients with pulmonary vascular disease (PVD), defined as pulmonary arterial or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (PAH/CTEPH), as elsewhere (estimated 0.1‰). Whether PVD patients living at high altitude have altered disease characteristics due to hypobaric hypoxia is unknown. In a cross‐sectional study conducted at the Hospital Carlos Andrade Marin in Quito, Ecuador, located at 2840 m, we included 36 outpatients with PAH or CTEPH visiting the clinic from January 2022 to July 2023. We collected data on diagnostic right heart catheterization, treatment, and risk factors, including NYHA functional class (FC), 6‐min walk distance (6MWD), and NT‐brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) at baseline and at last follow‐up. Thirty‐six PVD patients (83% women, 32 PAH, 4 CTEPH, mean ± SD age 44 ± 13 years, living altitude 2831 ± 58 m) were included and had the following baseline values: PaO2 8.2 ± 1.6 kPa, PaCO2 3.9 ± 0.5 kPa, SaO2 91 ± 3%, mean pulmonary artery pressure 53 ± 16 mmHg, pulmonary vascular resistance 16 ± 4 WU, 50% FC II, 50% FC III, 6MWD 472 ± 118 m, BNP 490 ± 823 ng/L. Patients were treated for 1628 ± 1186 days with sildenafil (100%), bosentan (33%), calcium channel blockers (33%), diuretics (69%), and oxygen (nocturnal 53%, daytime 11%). Values at last visit were: FC (II 75%, III 25%), 6MWD of 496 ± 108 m, BNP of 576 ± 5774 ng/L. Compared to European PVD registries, ambulatory PVD patients living >2500 m revealed similar blood gases and relatively low and stable risk factor profiles despite severe hemodynamic compromise, suggesting that favorable outcomes are achievable for altitude residents with PVD. Future studies should focus on long‐term outcomes in PVD patients dwelling >2500 m.
Comparison between non‐orographic gravity‐wave parameterizations used in QBOi models and Strateole 2 constant‐level balloons
Authors: Lott F. , Rani R. , McLandress C. , Podglajen A. , Bushell A. , Bramberger M. , Lee H.‐K. , Alexander J. , Anstey J. , Chun H.‐Y. , Hertzog A. , Butchart N. , Kim Y.‐H. , Kawatani Y. , Legras B. , Manzini E. , Naoe H. , Osprey S. , Plougonven R. , Pohlmann H. , Richter J. H. , Scinocca J. , García‐Serrano J. , Serva F. , Stockdale T. , Versick S. , Watanabe S. , Yoshida K.
Published: July 2024

Gravity‐wave (GW) parameterizations from 12 general circulation models (GCMs) participating in the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation initiative (QBOi) are compared with Strateole 2 balloon observations made in the tropical lower stratosphere from November 2019–February 2020 (phase 1) and from October 2021–January 2022 (phase 2). The parameterizations employ the three standard techniques used in GCMs to represent subgrid‐scale non‐orographic GWs, namely the two globally spectral techniques developed by Warner and McIntyre (1999) and Hines (1997), as well as the “multiwaves” approaches following the work of Lindzen (1981). The input meteorological fields necessary to run the parameterizations offline are extracted from the ERA5 reanalysis and correspond to the meteorological conditions found underneath the balloons. In general, there is fair agreement between amplitudes derived from measurements for waves with periods less than  h and parameterizations. The correlation between the daily observations and the corresponding results of the parameterization can be around 0.4, which is significant, since 1200 days of observations are used. Given that the parameterizations have only been tuned to produce a quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) in the models, the 0.4 correlation coefficient of the GW momentum fluxes is surprisingly good. These correlations nevertheless vary between schemes and depend little on their formulation (globally spectral versus multiwaves for instance). We therefore attribute these correlations to dynamical filtering, which all schemes take into account, whereas only a few relate the gravity waves to their sources. Statistically significant correlations are mostly found for eastward‐propagating waves, which may be due to the fact that during both Strateole 2 phases the QBO is easterly at the altitude of the balloon flights. We also found that the probability density functions (pdfs) of the momentum fluxes are represented better in spectral schemes with constant sources than in schemes (“spectral” or “multiwaves”) that relate GWs only to their convective sources.
A quantum chemical investigation of energetic, geometric, mechanistic, and kinetic aspects of multiple proton transfer in cyclic H2O, H2S, and H2O‐H2S clusters
Authors: Monu  , Oram Binod Kumar , Bandyopadhyay Biman
Published: July 2024

Multiple proton transfers in cyclic homogenous and mixed H2O‐H2S clusters from trimers to pentamers have been investigated at an affordable and accurate level of theory. Reaction force and Wiberg bond index analyses showed the process to be nearly synchronous in all the homogenous clusters, while asynchronous in the mixed clusters; always initiated by movement of the SH protons to the H‐bonded O atoms. The barriers for proton transfers exhibited a complex pattern, decreasing initially from the homogeneous H2O cluster upon replacement of one H2O by an H2S moiety and subsequently rising monotonically with each subsequent replacement(s) to becoming highest in pure H2S clusters. Finally, the impact of the energetic and mechanistic modulations on the proton transfer kinetics has been studied.
Tailor‐Made Heterocharged Covalent Organic Framework Membrane for Efficient Ion Separation
Authors: Zheng Yu , Li ZhiChao , Yang Zixu , Shen Jianliang , Yang Chao , Wang Hui , Xu Kai , Cheng Lijuan , Hu Yihui , Zhao Yuxuan , Zhang Runnan , Jiang Zhongyi
Published: July 2024

Pore size sieving, Donnan exclusion, and their combined effects seriously affect ion separation of membrane processes. However, traditional polymer‐based membranes face some challenges in precisely controlling both charge distribution and pore size on the membrane surface, which hinders the ion separation performance, such as heavy metal ion removal. Herein, the heterocharged covalent organic framework (COF) membrane is reported by assembling two kinds of ionic COF nanosheets with opposite charges and different pore sizes. By manipulating the stacking quantity and sequence of two kinds of nanosheets, the impact of membrane surface charge and pore size on the separation performance of monovalent and multivalent ions is investigated. For the separation of anions, the effect of pore size sieving is dominant, while for the separation of cations, the effect of Donnan exclusion is dominant. The heterocharged TpEBr/TpPa‐SO3H membrane with a positively charged upper layer and a negatively charged bottom layer exhibits excellent rejection of multivalent anions and cations (Ni2+, Cd2+, Cr2+, CrO42−, SeO32−, etc). The strategy provides not only high‐performance COF membranes for ion separation but also an inspiration for the engineering of heterocharged membranes.
The Reconstruction of Pt(001) Surface and the Shell‐Like Reconstruction of the Vicinal Pt(001) Surfaces Revealed by Neural Network Potential
Authors: Qian Cheng , Hedman Daniel , Li Pai , Kim Sung Youb , Ding Feng
Published: July 2024

In this work, a highly accurate neural network potential (NNP) is presented, named PtNNP, and the exploration of the reconstruction of the Pt(001) surface and its vicinal surfaces with it. Contrary to the most accepted understanding of the Pt(001) surface reconstruction, the study reveals that the main driving force behind Pt(001) quasi‐hexagonal reconstruction is not the surface stress relaxation but the increased coordination number of the surface atoms resulting in stronger intralayer binding in the reconstructed surface layer. In agreement with experimental observations, the optimized supercell size of the reconstructed Pt(001) surface contains (5 × 20) unit cells. Surprisingly, the reconstruction of the vicinal Pt(001) surfaces leads to a smooth shell‐like surface layer covering the whole surface and diminishing sharp step edges.
Regulating Catalytic Oxidation Enantiomers Behavior by Imparting Chiral Microenvironment in Zr‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Niu Xiaohui , Liu Yongqi , Zhao Rui , Yuan Mei , Wang Yuewei , Zhang Jianying , Li Hongxia , Yang Xing , Wang Kunjie
Published: July 2024

Chiral inversions of enantiomers have significantly different biological activities, so it is important to develop simple and effective methods to efficiently identify optically pure compounds. Inspired by enzyme catalysis, the construction of chiral microenvironments resembling enzyme pockets in the pore space structure of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) to achieve asymmetric enantioselective recognition and catalysis has become a new research hotspot. Here, a super‐stable porphyrin‐containing material PCN‐224 is constructed by solvothermal method and a chiral microenvironment around the existing catalytic site of the material is created by post‐synthesis modifications of the histidine (His) enantiomers. Experimental and theoretical calculations results show that the modulation of chiral ligands around Zr oxide clusters produces different spatial site resistances, which can greatly affect the adsorption and catalytic level of the enantiomeric molecules of tryptophan guests, resulting in a good enantioselective property of the material. It provides new ideas and possibilities for future chiral recognition and asymmetric catalysis.
Zero‐Dimensional Interstitial Electron‐Induced Spin–Orbit Coupling Dirac States in Sandwich Electride
Authors: Meng Weizhen , Jiang Jiayu , Jiao Yalong , Ma Fengxian , Yang Ying , Cheng Zhenxiang , Wang Xiaotian
Published: July 2024

The development of inorganic electrides offers new possibilities for studying topological states due to the nonnuclear‐binding properties displayed by interstitial electrons. Herein, a sandwich electride 2[CaCl]+:2e− is designed, featuring a tetragonal lattice structure, including two atomic lattice layers and one interstitial electron layer. The interstitial electrons form nonsymmorphic‐symmetry‐protected Dirac points (DPs) at the X and M points, which are robust against the spin–orbit coupling effect. DPs exhibit an approximately elliptical shape, characterized by a relatively high anisotropy, resulting from the interplay between the electron and atomic layers. In addition, 2[CaCl]+:2e− possesses a lower work function (WF) (3.43 eV), endowing it with robust electron‐supplying characteristics. Due to the low WF and interstitial electrons, 2[CaCl]+:2e− loaded Ru shows outstanding catalytic performance for N2 cleavage. A potential research platform for exploring the formation of topological states and promoting nitrogen cracking in electrides is provided.
Magnetoionics for Synaptic Devices and Neuromorphic Computing: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Monalisha P. , Ameziane Maria , Spasojevic Irena , Pellicer Eva , Mansell Rhodri , Menéndez Enric , van Dijken Sebastiaan , Sort Jordi
Published: July 2024

With the advent of Big Data, traditional digital computing is struggling to cope with intricate tasks related to data classification or pattern recognition. To mitigate this limitation, software‐based neural networks are implemented, but they are run in conventional computers whose operation principle (with separate memory and data‐processing units) is highly inefficient compared to the human brain. Brain‐inspired in‐memory computing is achieved through a wide variety of methods, for example, artificial synapses, spiking neural networks, or reservoir computing. However, most of these methods use materials (e.g., memristor arrays, spintronics, phase change memories) operated with electric currents, resulting in significant Joule heating effect. Tuning magnetic properties by voltage‐driven ion motion (i.e., magnetoionics) has recently emerged as an alternative energy‐efficient approach to emulate functionalities of biological synapses: potentiation/depression, multilevel storage, or transitions from short‐term to long‐term plasticity. In this perspective, the use of magnetoionics in neuromorphic applications is critically reviewed, with emphasis on modulating synaptic weight through: 1) control of magnetization by voltage‐induced ion retrieval/insertion; and 2) control of magnetic stripe domains and skyrmions in gated magnetic thin films adjacent to solid‐state ionic supercapacitors. The potential prospects in this emerging research area together with a forward‐looking discussion on future opportunities are provided.
A systems perspective on the approach to industrial chain and supply chain ecology
Authors: Sun Yu , Yu Haiqing , Wang Hecheng
Published: July 2024

To date, minimal literature is based on a systems perspective to examine the ecosystems of the industrial chain and supply chain. To fill the gap, this study has employed a systems perspective in analysing issues related to the industrial chain–supply chain ecology. The term ‘industrial chain–supply chain’ emerged recently to reflect the current global manufacturing industry structure and a prevalent global supply chain. This study clarifies the concepts of industrial chain ecosystem and supply chain ecosystem, highlighting their similarities and distinctions. Additionally, the study outlines the process of value creation within the industrial chain–supply chain ecosystem, involving innovation in research, technology, products, systems and management, leading to technological breakthroughs and enhancements. A three‐stage model for the industrial chain–supply chain ecosystem is proposed, comprising the blueprint creation stage, the core technology breakthrough stage and the iterative ecosystem upgrade stage.
ESG Practices and Financial Stability in Emerging Market Healthcare Companies: Insights Amidst the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Paridhi  , Ritika  , Kumar Raj
Published: July 2024

The United Nations SDG 2030 emphasizes the critical role of the healthcare sector in achieving universal health coverage and addressing global health challenges. The COVID‐19 pandemic triggered significant changes in the industry. This study looks at the distinct ESG challenges and opportunities that healthcare companies face in emerging markets like India versus developed markets. It assesses the effect of COVID‐19 on the ESG‐FP relationships of Indian healthcare firms. Using dynamic panel data analysis on 2205 firm‐level observations from 2017 to 2022, researchers discovered a lag effect of ESG measures on accounting metrics. While COVID‐19 temporarily increased FP, its long‐term effect was negligible. It offers empirical evidence on the effectiveness of ESG reporting and provides methodological advancements for robust measurement and analysis. Environmental and governance pillars have a greater influence on healthcare companies' FP‐directing managerial priorities. The study provides actionable recommendations for improving ESG practices in emerging markets like India.
Scientific evidence of the hydrological impacts of nature‐based solutions at the catchment scale
Authors: Lalonde Morgane , Drenkhan Fabian , Rau Pedro , Baiker Jan R. , Buytaert Wouter
Published: July 2024

The introduction of nature‐based solutions (NbS) in catchments has the potential to increase the cost‐effectiveness, flexibility, and reliability of water management practices aimed at improving water security. However, the scientific‐evidence base of the hydrological impacts of NbS is still weak, and there is therefore a risk that catchment interventions might not lead to the desired hydrological outcomes. This is especially important when assessing NbS‐based catchment interventions before their implementation, as this requires robust simulation tools capable of effectively managing the uncertainties associated with future forecasts. This study aims to review the hydrological impacts of different NbS intervention types for water management. First, we present an NbS typology and the corresponding dominant hydrological impacts. We then use this typology to review the strength of the current evidence of the effect of NbS interventions on the hydrological response at the catchment‐scale. Our results demonstrate that the effectiveness of each NbS type hinges on specific conditions such as location, design, and environmental factors. For instance, micro‐reservoirs notably enhance surface storage and evaporation, while infiltration trenches reduce runoff but can increase soil erosion. Our global analysis highlights the need for an improved understanding of NbS catchment impacts and careful planning of NbS interventions as a key for successful long‐term implementation of NbS. These include participatory approaches with stakeholder involvement in NbS co‐design, knowledge co‐production, and novel data collection to support locally relevant adaptation strategies, and to increase water security on the long term.

This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Hydrological Processes

Engineering Water > Planning Water

Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Non-supersymmetric duality cascade of QCD(BF) via semiclassics on ℝ2 × T2 with the baryon-’t Hooft flux
Authors: Hayashi Yui , Tanizaki Yuya , Watanabe Hiromasa
Published: July 2024

Abstract

We study the phase diagrams of the bifundamental QCD (QCD(BF)) of different ranks, which is the 4d SU(N1) × SU(N2) gauge theory coupled with a bifundamental Dirac fermion. After discussing the anomaly constraints on possible vacuum structures, we apply a novel semiclassical approach on ℝ2× T2 with the baryon-’t Hooft flux to obtain the concrete dynamics. The 2d effective theory is derived by the dilute gas approximation of center vortices, and it serves as the basis for determining the phase diagram of the model under the assumption of adiabatic continuity. As an application, we justify the non-supersymmetric duality cascade between different QCD(BF), which has been conjectured in the large-N argument. Combined with the semiclassics and the large-N1,2 limit, we construct the explicit duality map from the parent theory, SU(N1) × SU(N2) QCD(BF), to the daughter theory, SU(N1) × SU(N2− N1) QCD(BF), including the correspondence of the coupling constants. We numerically examine the validity of the duality also for finite N1,2 within our semiclassics, finding a remarkable agreement of the phase diagrams between the parent and daughter sides.
Celestial soft currents at one-loop and their OPEs
Authors: Bhardwaj Rishabh , Yelleshpur Srikant Akshay
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Conformally soft operators and their associated soft theorems on the celestial sphere encode the low energy behaviour of bulk scattering amplitudes. They lead to an infinite dimensional symmetry algebra of the celestial CFT at tree-level. In this paper, focusing our attention to Yang-Mills theory, we introduce new operators in the boundary celestial CFT in order to extend the definition of conformally soft currents to include one-loop effects. We then compute their OPEs with other operators in the theory. We also examine new subtleties that arise in defining OPEs of two conformally soft operators. We elucidate the connection between the new operators and loop corrected soft theorems in the bulk. Finally, we conclude by demonstrating how these operators fit into the framework of a logarithmic CFT.
tRNA-derived fragments in T lymphocyte–beta cell crosstalk and in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis in NOD mice
Authors: Brozzi Flora , Jacovetti Cécile , Cosentino Cristina , Menoud Véronique , Wu Kejing , Bayazit Mustafa Bilal , Abdulkarim Baroj , Iseli Christian , Guex Nicolas , Guay Claudiane , Regazzi Romano
Published: July 2024

Aims/hypothesis

tRNAs play a central role in protein synthesis. Besides this canonical function, they were recently found to generate non-coding RNA fragments (tRFs) regulating different cellular activities. The aim of this study was to assess the involvement of tRFs in the crosstalk between immune cells and beta cells and to investigate their contribution to the development of type 1 diabetes.

Methods

Global profiling of the tRFs present in pancreatic islets of 4- and 8-week-old NOD mice and in extracellular vesicles released by activated CD4+ T lymphocytes was performed by small RNA-seq. Changes in the level of specific fragments were confirmed by quantitative PCR. The transfer of tRFs from immune cells to beta cells occurring during insulitis was assessed using an RNA-tagging approach. The functional role of tRFs increasing in beta cells during the initial phases of type 1 diabetes was determined by overexpressing them in dissociated islet cells and by determining the impact on gene expression and beta cell apoptosis.

Results

We found that the tRF pool was altered in the islets of NOD mice during the initial phases of type 1 diabetes. Part of these changes were triggered by prolonged exposure of beta cells to proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ) while others resulted from the delivery of tRFs produced by CD4+ T lymphocytes infiltrating the islets. Indeed, we identified several tRFs that were enriched in extracellular vesicles from CD4+/CD25− T cells and were transferred to beta cells upon adoptive transfer of these immune cells in NOD.SCID mice. The tRFs delivered to beta cells during the autoimmune reaction triggered gene expression changes that affected the immune regulatory capacity of insulin-secreting cells and rendered the cells more prone to apoptosis.

Conclusions/interpretation

Our data point to tRFs as novel players in the crosstalk between the immune system and insulin-secreting cells and suggest a potential involvement of this novel class of non-coding RNAs in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis.

Data availability

Sequences are available from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) with accession numbers GSE242568 and GSE256343.

Graphical Abstract
A Nesterov Type Algorithm with Double Tikhonov Regularization: Fast Convergence of the Function Values and Strong Convergence to the Minimal Norm Solution
Authors: Karapetyants Mikhail , László Szilárd Csaba
Published: July 2024

We investigate the strong convergence properties of a Nesterov type algorithm with two Tikhonov regularization terms in connection to the minimization problem of a smooth convex functionf. We show that the generated sequences converge strongly to the minimal norm element from$$\text {argmin}f$$argminf. We also show fast convergence for the potential energies$$f(x_n)-\text {min}f$$f(xn)-minfand$$f(y_n)-\text {min}f$$f(yn)-minf, where$$(x_n),\,(y_n)$$(xn),(yn)are the sequences generated by our algorithm. Further we obtain fast convergence to zero of the discrete velocity and some estimates concerning the value of the gradient of the objective function in the generated sequences. Via some numerical experiments we show that we need both Tikhonov regularization terms in our algorithm in order to obtain the strong convergence of the generated sequences to the minimum norm minimizer of our objective function.
Dynamic Energy Budget model for E. coli growth in carbon and nitrogen limitation conditions
Authors: Matyja Konrad , Lech Magdalena
Published: July 2024

The simulations and predictions obtained from mathematical models of bioprocesses conducted by microorganisms are not overvalued. Mechanistic models are bringing a better process understanding and the possibility of simulating unmeasurable variables. The Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) model is an energy balance that can be formulated for any living organism and can be classified as a structured model. In this study, the DEB model was used to describe E. coli growth in a batch reactor in carbon and nitrogen substrate limitation conditions. The DEB model provides a possibility to follow the changes in the microbes’ cells including their elemental composition and content of some important cell ingredients in different growth phases in substrate limitation conditions which makes it more informative compared to Monod’s model. The model can be used as an optimal choice between Monod-like models and flux-based approaches.

Key points

• The DEB model can be used to catch changes in elemental composition of E. coli

• Bacteria batch culture growth phases can be explained by the DEB model

• The DEB model is more informative compared to Monod’s based models
Combining morphological and functional imaging parameters to diagnose primary bone neoplasms in the skull base, spine and sacrum
Authors: Miladinovic Vesna , Krol Augustinus D. G. , Bloem Johan L. , Bovée Judith V. M. G. , Lam Suk Wai , Peul Wilco C. , Cañete Ana Navas , Verbist Berit M.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Morphological magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) features are used in combination with histology for diagnosis and treatment selection of primary bone neoplasms. Isolated functional MRI parameters have shown potential in diagnosis. Our goal is to facilitate diagnosis of primary bone neoplasms of the skull base, mobile spine and sacrum, by a comprehensive approach, combining morphological and functional imaging parameters.

Materials and methods

Pre-treatment MR of 80 patients with histologically proven diagnosis of a primary bone neoplasm of the skull base, mobile spine and sacrum were retrospectively analyzed for morphological and functional MRI parameters. Functional parameters were measured in 4 circular regions of interest per tumor placed on non-adjacent scan slices. Differences in values of functional parameters between different histologies were analyzed with Dunn’s test.

Results

Chordomas were the predominant histology (60.0%). Most neoplasms (80.0%) originated in the midline and had geographical (78.2%) bone destruction. Amorphous-type calcification (pre-existing bone) was seen only in chordomas. Homogeneous contrast enhancement pattern was seen only in chondrosarcoma and plasmacytoma. Ktrans and Kep were significantly lower in both chordoma, and chondrosarcoma compared to giant cell tumor of the bone (p = 0.006 – 0.011), and plasmacytoma (p = 0.004 – 0.014). Highest diffusion-weighted MRI apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values corresponded to chondrosarcoma and were significantly higher to those of chordoma (p = 0.008).

Conclusion

We identified the most discriminating morphological parameters and added functional MR parameters based on histopathological features that are useful in making a confident diagnosis of primary bone neoplasms in the skull base, mobile spine and sacrum.