bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bendiocarbamate Toxicity in the Chick Embryo
Authors: Petrovová Eva , Sedmera D. , Míšek I. , Lešník F. , Luptáková L.
Published: October 2024

Carbamate pesticides generally possess low toxicity for warm-blooded vertebrates, but developmental data are scarce. We have therefore evaluated embryotoxicity of choline esterase inhibitor bendiocarbamate in the chick embryo. The pesticide was dissolved in 5% acetone in distilled water and a volume of 200 μl was administered over the embryo through membrana papyracea on embryonic days 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10. Sampling was performed on embryonic day 10, while the embryos treated on embryonic day 10 were sampled on embryonic day 17. The toxicity of bendiocarbamate was fairly low, and LD50 decreased with advancing development from 1 mg/ embryo on embryonic day 2 to 29 mg on embryonic day 5. Malformations in surviving embryos were observed rarely (< 3 %) and occurred in both control and experimental groups. There was a mild but statistically significant dose-dependent reduction in body weight, most pronounced in the treatment on embryonic days 5 and 10, but the maximum difference from controls was below 15 %. A small but not significant increase in the number of positive cells was observed in the eye, limb buds, and the central nervous system of embryos treated on embryonic days 3 and 4 and examined after supravital wholemount staining with Lysotracker Red for apoptosis. In agreement with previously published studies in other vertebrate animals, we conclude that bendiocarbamate does not possess significant toxicity in the avian embryo.
Enhancing tamarind quality and shelf-life through improved storage techniques
Authors: Marichamy M S , Ponuswami V , Saraswathy S , Jyothsna J
Published: October 2024

Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) is a versatile spice crop with economic significance, known for its diverse applications in pulp, seed and timber. Thriving in challenging conditions like poor soils and drought, it has become crucial in various uses, particularly in wastelands. In this post-harvest study, tamarind pods underwent deshelling, deseeding and defibering before applying treatments to extend the shelf life of the pulp. Five additives and four packaging materials, under 2 storage conditions, were tested in a factorial design. Results of over 6 months revealed that treating tamarind pulp with 0.2 % sulphur fumes, packed in aluminium foil, and stored refrigerated minimized browning and moisture content. This treatment also showed lower total carbohydrate, reducing sugar, protein, amino acid and total phenol content. Conversely, pulp treated with 2.0 % ascorbic acid, packed in palmyrah leaf bags and stored refrigerated exhibited higher acidity. Pulp treated with 0.2 % sulphur fumes, packed in palmyrah leaf bags and stored under ambience showed consistently higher total soluble solids. The findings suggest that treating pulp with 0.2 % sulphur fumes, using aluminium foil for packing and refrigerated storage can significantly reduce browning, making it an ideal choice for extended stability and potential export markets. Furthermore, adopting aluminium foil as a packing material in Indian conditions proves economically feasible, ensuring better pulp quality during prolonged storage, particularly for small-scale tamarind growers.
Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de Klilde, a sacred tree: its nutritional value, elemental composition and anti-nutritional content
Authors: Suresh Monica , Pappuswamy Manikantan
Published: October 2024

The sacred Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de Klilde tree holds significant medicinal value and is utilized in ayurvedic preparations to treat various health conditions. This research investigated the nutritional, elemental and anti-nutritional properties of S. asoca leaves and flowers. The nutritional qualities of the tree parts were examined using the muffle furnace and micro-Kjeldahl techniques. Titration techniques were used to assess the anti-nutritional content of plants, whereas EDX (Energy dispersive X-ray) was used to determine the mineral content. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, phenols and flavonoids, along with antioxidant properties that could neutralize free radicals generated by metabolic processes in the body. Nutritional analysis indicated that the floral parts of S. asoca had higher moisture, carbohydrate and crude fat content than the leaves. Conversely, the leaves had elevated ash levels, crude fiber and protein. Leaf samples showed higher concentrations of minerals like calcium, phosphorus, sodium, iodine, iron and manganese compared to the floral samples. In contrast, flower samples exhibited higher potassium, copper, silicon and zinc levels. These findings highlight the rich nutritional profile, abundant phytochemicals and essential minerals in both tree parts, with low anti-nutrient content. This information could be instrumental in developing phytopharmaceuticals and nutritious food products. Additionally, utilizing these tree parts could offer a cost-effective way to enhance nutrient intake and address nutritional deficiencies in humans and animals.
Decreased mitochondrial‐related gene expression in adipose tissue after acute sprint exercise in humans: A pilot study
Authors: Esbjörnsson Mona , Rundqvist Håkan C. , Norman Barbara , Österlund Ted , Rullman Eric , Bülow Jens , Jansson Eva
Published: October 2024

The aim was to examine the acute effects of sprint exercise (SIT) on global gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) in healthy subjects, to enhance understanding of how SIT influences body weight regulation. The hypothesis was that SIT upregulates genes involved in mitochondrial function and fat metabolism. A total of 15 subjects performed three 30‐s all‐out sprints (SIT). Samples were collected from AT, skeletal muscle (SM) and blood (brachial artery and a subcutaneous AT vein) up to 15 min after the last sprint. Results showed that markers of oxidative stress, such as the purines hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid, increased markedly by SIT in both the artery and the AT vein. Purines also increased in AT and SM tissue. Differential gene expression analysis indicated a decrease in signaling for mitochondrial‐related pathways, including oxidative phosphorylation, electron transport, ATP synthesis, and heat production by uncoupling proteins, as well as mitochondrial fatty acid beta oxidation. This downregulation of genes related to oxidative metabolism suggests an early‐stage inhibition of the mitochondria, potentially as a protective mechanism against SIT‐induced oxidative stress.
Agreement between equation‐derived body fat estimator and bioelectrical impedance analysis for body fat measurement in middle‐aged southern Indians
Authors: Endukuru Chiranjeevi Kumar , Gaur Girwar Singh , Yerrabelli Dhanalakshmi , Sahoo Jayaprakash , Vairappan Balasubramaniyan
Published: October 2024

Excess body fat (BF) contributes to metabolic syndrome (MetS). The Clínica Universidad de Navarra—Body Adiposity Estimator (CUN‐BAE) is an equation‐derived body fat estimator proposed to assess BF. However, its efficiency compared to the standard method is unknown. We aimed to compare the efficacy of CUN‐BAE with the standard method in estimating BF in southern Indians. We included 351 subjects, with 166 MetS patients and 185 non‐MetS subjects. BF was obtained from the standard bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method and measured by CUN‐BAE in the same subjects. We compared the efficacy of CUN‐BAE in estimating BF with that of BIA via Bland–Altman plots, intraclass correlation coefficients, concordance correlation coefficients and the kappa index. The mean body fat percentage (BF%) values measured by BIA and CUN‐BAE in all the subjects were 28.91 ± 8.94 and 29.22 ± 8.63, respectively. We observed significant absolute agreement between CUN‐BAE and BIA for BF%. BIA and CUN‐BAE showed good reproducibility for BF%. CUN‐BAE had accuracy comparable to BIA for detecting MetS using BF%. Our findings indicate that CUN‐BAE provides precise BF estimates similar to the BIA method, making it suitable for routine clinical practice when access to BF measurement devices is limited.
The Effect of Audio-Assisted Reading on Incidental Learning of Present Perfect by EFL Learners
Authors: Nushi Musa , Jahanbin Peyman
Published: October 2024

This study applies audio-assisted reading (AAR), a technique that provides multimedia input, to encourage incidental learning of the present perfect tense. The decision to choose this tense was informed by previous studies, which have shown that its multifunctional nature presents EFL learners with considerable challenges. Thirty-four Iranian EFL learners recruited through convenience sampling participated in this eight-week-long research. The learners were assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received the AAR instruction while the control group received reading-only instruction. The analysis of the data collected through pre-test, post-test, and delayed post-test indicated that the learners not only learned the target grammar structure significantly better through AAR, but also retained it longer. The findings of the study and the implications for language teaching and learning are discussed.
Small size dual-band coupled-line coupler for WiMAX applications
Authors: Sedighi Maragheh Samaneh , Rahimi Mina , Chaharmahali Iman , Dousti Massoud
Published: October 2024

In this paper, a symmetric compact dual-band coupled-line coupler is proposed using microstrip transmission lines, circular resonators, and spiral lines for WiMAX applications. The proposed coupler provides two narrow operating bands, high coupling and isolation, and suitable return loss. The primary design consists of two parallel-coupled lines with a flat coupling over a wide frequency band. Then, the bandwidth, return loss, and isolation are optimized by adding circular resonators and spiral lines to achieve a compact size. In this design, the return loss is better than 30–35 dB in the bandwidth 3.4–5.79 GHz. Finally, this structure is fabricated using a Rogers-RT Duroid 5,880 substrate with a thickness of 20 mil, a loss tangent of 0.0009, a dielectric constant of 2.2, and an area of 18.8 × 14 mm2. The results of the measurements are in good agreement with those of the simulation.
Evaluation of fetal growth and birth weight in pregnancies with placenta previa with and without placenta accreta spectrum
Authors: Agarwal Neha , Papanna Ramesha , Sibai Baha M. , Garcia Alexandra , Lai Dejian , Soto torres Eleazar E. , Amro Farah H. , Blackwell Sean C. , Hernandez-Andrade Edgar
Published: October 2024

Objectives

We evaluated fetal growth and birthweight in pregnancies with placenta previa with and without placenta accreta spectrum (PAS).

Methods

We retrospectively studied pregnant patients with placenta previa with or without PAS diagnosed at 20–37 weeks’ gestation. Estimated fetal weight (EFW) percentile and fetal growth rate were calculated based on ultrasound at two timepoints: 20–24 and 30–34-weeks’ gestation. Fetuses were small (SGA) or large for gestational age (LGA) when EFW or abdominal circumference was <10th or >90th percentile for gestational age, respectively. Fetal growth rate was estimated by subtracting EFW percentiles from the two ultrasounds. Birthweight in grams and percentiles were estimated via Anderson and INTERGROWTH-21 standards adjusted for neonatal sex. EFW percentiles, fetal growth rate, birth weight and birthweight percentiles were compared between patients with placenta previa with and without PAS.

Results

We studied 171 patients with and 146 patients without PAS. SGA rates did not differ between groups on first (PAS n=3, no-PAS n=3, p=0.8) or second ultrasound (PAS n=10, no-PAS n=8, p=0.8). LGA rates were similar between groups on first (PAS n=11, no-PAS n=9, p=0.8) and second ultrasound (PAS n=20, no-PAS n=12, p=0.6). The growth rate was higher in fetuses with PAS than placenta previa (1.22 ± 22.3 vs. −4.1 ± 18.1, p=0.07), but not significantly. The birthweight percentile was higher in the PAS than the placenta previa group (74 vs. 67, p=0.01). On multi-linear regression, birthweight percentile remained higher in the PAS group, but not significantly.

Conclusions

Placenta previa with or without PAS is not associated with SGA, LGA or lower birthweight.
Navigating linguistic ideologies and market dynamics within China’s English language teaching landscape
Authors: Mei Yunbo
Published: October 2024

This study explores the intricate interplay of linguistic ideologies, market dynamics, and linguistic habitus within the context of English language education in China. Analysis of Chinese English language teachers’ (CELTs) discourse on linguistic insecurity reveals a strong association between accentedness and incompetence, as well as between nativeness and teacher expertise. Despite dissatisfaction with nativeness-oriented criteria prevalent in the field, most CELTs reported experiencing anxiety due to the social stigma surrounding Mandarin-accented English. While certain Inner Circle English varieties are viewed as the most valuable capital, local and other non-Inner Circle varieties are considered the least valuable. Notably, Mandarin-accented English gains higher symbolic value than other perceived nonstandard English varieties beyond the teaching domain. This pricing mechanism within China’s English language teaching (ELT) landscape deviates from the price formation model of world Englishes proposed in previous work, which assigns a greater value to Outer Circle varieties than Expanding Circle varieties. By contextualizing CELTs’ experiences within broader language policies, this study illustrates how national interests, beyond the influence of Inner Circle publishers, intensify native-speakerism in China’s ELT market, thus emphasizing the intricate nature of explaining nuanced pricing patterns in the autonomous market within Expanding Circle contexts.
Verifying the morpho-semantics of aspect via typological homogeneity
Authors: Zuchewicz Karolina
Published: October 2024

This article investigates grammatical aspect in Slavic and non-Slavic languages, starting from Slavic languages, by providing crosslinguistic evidence for the presence of the so-called concept-dependent default aspect. This line of research builds on and extends accounts that draw a parallel between the structure and semantics of aspect. I show that structural simplicity (relating to whether the imperfective or the perfective is the derivation base for the respective reverse form) corresponds to prominence in meaning. More precisely, I assume that (im)perfective basic morphological or syntactic representations are indicators for primary interpretations. By building upon existing studies in typology, I introduce typological homogeneity as a criterion for the establishment of a form-meaning (in Slavic morpho-semantic) relationship within (im)perfective realizations of a particular verbal concept. This criterion complements high frequency and preferred choice in associative experiments as properties of aspectual alpha-verbs. In this paper, I discuss typological homogeneity by using the primary example of verbs of evidence collection, also called reveal-type predicates, and by additionally discussing manner-of-speaking and speech act verbs. These novel data provide evidence of typological homogeneity in the aspectual representation.
Optical control of topological end states via soliton formation in a 1D lattice
Authors: Jörg Christina , Jürgensen Marius , Mukherjee Sebabrata , Rechtsman Mikael C.
Published: October 2024

Discrete spatial solitons are self-consistent solutions of the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation that maintain their shape during propagation. Here we show, using a pump-probe technique, that soliton formation can be used to optically induce and control a linear topological end state in the bulk of a Su–Schrieffer–Heeger lattice, using evanescently-coupled waveguide arrays. Specifically, we observe an abrupt nonlinearly-induced transition above a certain power threshold due to an inversion symmetry-breaking nonlinear bifurcation. Our results demonstrate all-optical active control of topological states.
Crystal structure of 4-iodobenzyl 2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl) propanoate, C21H19IO3
Authors: Wang Rui , Yuan Yijia , Chen Le , Sun Wei
Published: October 2024

C21H19IO3, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 11.8252 (4) Å, b = 5.4966 (2) Å, c = 14.9468 (5) Å, β = 106.888 (1)∘, V = 929.62 (6) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0134, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0319, T = 100 (2) K.
Investigating the multifunctionality of Cu2+ doped LaSrMnO3: understanding structural, optical, and magnetic responses
Authors: Srinivasan Padmavathi , Andichamy Murugeswari , Sahadevan Jhelai , Prakash Nithesa , Chandrasekaran Saravanan , Balaraman Nirmal Kumar , Sankaran Esakki Muthu
Published: October 2024

This study examines the impact of copper ions (Cu2+) on the structural, optical, and magnetic, characteristics of La0.6Sr0.4Mn1-xCuxO3 (LSMCO) manganites. Various techniques, including X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, DC magnetization, and photoluminescence measurements were employed for a comprehensive analysis. Structural examinations revealed that all compositions exhibit a single-phase orthorhombic structure. Raman spectroscopy reveals the structural distortion due to the inclusion of Cu at Mn site. The photoluminescence properties of the manganite were found to be influenced by the excitation wavelength, demonstrating energy transfer from Mn ions. Magnetic investigations indicated that the introduction of Cu leads to a reduction in the saturation magnetization of the manganite.
НЕЯВНЫЙ ИТЕРАЦИОННЫЙ МЕТОД РЕШЕНИЯ ЛИНЕЙНЫХ НЕКОРРЕКТНЫХ ОПЕРАТОРНЫХ УРАВНЕНИЙ
Authors: БЕШУА Т.
Published: October 2024

В данной работе мы исследуем новый неявный метод решения некорректных линейных операторных уравнений первого рода с компактными операторами. Для демонстрации устойчивости и сходимости этой схемы может использоваться теория регуляризации. Кроме того, мы получаем результаты сходимости и эффективные критерии остановки в соответствии с принципом невязки Морозова. Для демонстрации верности нашего неявного метода и его применимости к задачам устранения размытости проводятся численные эксперименты.

In this work, we study a new implicit method to compute the solutions of ill-posed linear operator equations of the first kind under the setting of compact operators. The regularization theory can be used to demonstrate the stability and convergence of this scheme. Furthermore, we obtain convergence results and effective stopping criteria according to Morozov's discrepancy principle. Numerical performances are calculated to show the validity of our implicit method and demonstrate its applicability to deblurring problems.
ЛИНЕЙНЫЕ КВАЗИМОНОТОННЫЕ И ГИБРИДНЫЕ СЕТОЧНО-ХАРАКТЕРИСТИЧЕСКИЕ СХЕМЫ ДЛЯ ЧИСЛЕННОГО РЕШЕНИЯ ЗАДАЧ ЛИНЕЙНОЙ АКУСТИКИ
Authors: ГУСЕВА Е.К. , ГОЛУБЕВ В.И. , ПЕТРОВ И.Б.
Published: October 2024

Система уравнений линейной акустики является гиперболической и описывает процесс распространения акустических волн в деформируемой среде. Важным свойством используемых для её численного решения схем является высокий порядок аппроксимации. Оно позволяет проводить моделирование процесса распространения возмущений на достаточно большие расстояния. Не менее важным является свойство монотонности используемых схем, предотвращающее появление нефизических осцилляций решения. В настоящей работе представлены линейные квазимонотонные и гибридные сеточно-характеристические схемы для линейного уравнения переноса и одномерной акустической системы. Для их построения использован метод анализа в пространстве неопределённых коэффициентов, предложенный Холодовым А.С., и сеточно-характеристический критерий монотонности. Рассматривались широкие пространственные шаблоны, включающие от пяти до семи узлов расчётной сетки. На задаче об отражении продольной волны с резким фронтом от границы раздела сред с различающимися параметрами проведено сравнение полученных численных решений.

The system of linear acoustic equations is hyperbolic. It describes the process of the acoustic wave propagation in deformable media. An important property of the schemes used for the numerical solution is their high approximation order. This property allows one to simulate the perturbation propagation process over sufficiently large distances. Another important property is monotonicity of the schemes used, which prevents the appearance of non-physical solution oscillations. In this paper, we present linear quasi-monotone and hybrid grid-characteristic schemes for a linear transport equation and a one-dimensional acoustic system. They are constructed by a method of analysis in the space of unknown coefficients proposed by A.S. Kholodov and a grid-characteristic monotonicity criterion. Wide spatial stencils with five to seven nodes of the computational grid are considered. Reflection of a longitudinal wave with a sharp front from the interface between media with different parameters is used to compare the numerical solutions.
ТОЧНОЕ ВЫЧИСЛЕНИЕ ПОГРЕШНОСТИ АППРОКСИМАЦИИ КРАТНЫХ СТОХАСТИЧЕСКИХ ИНТЕГРАЛОВ ИТО
Authors: РЫБАКОВ К.А.
Published: October 2024

В статье представлены формулы для точного вычисления погрешности аппроксимации кратных стохастических интегралов Ито на основе их ортогонального разложения. В качестве примера рассмотрены стохастические интегралы Ито кратностей 2-4, которые используются при построении численных методов решения стохастических дифференциальных уравнений с порядками сильной сходимости 1-2.

In the article, formulas for exact calculation of the approximation error of multiple Itô stochastic integrals based on their orthogonal expansion are obtained. As an example, stochastic Itô integrals with multiplicities 2-4 are considered, which are used in the numerical methods for solving stochastic differential equations with orders of strong convergence 1-2.
МЕТОД КОЛЛОКАЦИИ ДЛЯ УРАВНЕНИЯ КДФ-КАВАХАРЫ НА ОСНОВЕ ТРИГОНОМЕТРИЧЕСКОГО БАЗИСА B-СПЛАЙНОВ ПЯТОЙ СТЕПЕНИ
Authors: КАРААГАЦ Б. , ЭСЕН А. , ОВОЛАБИ К.М. , ПИНДЗА Е.
Published: October 2024

В данной работе рассматривается эффективный численный метод - метод коллокации - для получения численных решений уравнения КдФ-Кавахары. Численный метод основан на конечно-элементной формулировке и сплайн-интерполяции на основе тригонометрического базиса B-сплайнов пятой степени. Сначала уравнение КдФ-Кавахары распадается на связанное уравнение с использованием вспомогательной переменной вида υ=uxxx. Затем метод коллокации применяется к связанному уравнению вместе с разностью вперед и формулой Кранка-Николсона. Благодаря этому мы получаем систему алгебраических уравнений в терминах переменных времени и на основе тригонометрического базиса B-сплайнов пятой степени. Для определения ошибки между численным и точным решениями вычисляются нормы ошибки L2 и L∞. Результаты иллюстрируются на двух численных примерах с их графическим представлением и сравнением с другими методами.

In this paper, an efficient numerical method which is a collocation method is considered in order to obtain numerical solutions of the KdV-Kawahara equation. The numerical method is based on a finite element formulation and a spline interpolation by trigonometric quintic B-spline basis. Firstly, the KdV-Kawahara equation is split into a coupled equation via an auxiliary variable as υ=uxxx. Subsequently, a collocation method is applied to the coupled equation together with the forward difference and the Cranck-Nicolson formula. This application leads us to obtain an algebraic equation system in terms of time variables and trigonometric quintic B-spline basis. In order to measure the error between numerical solutions and exact ones, the error norms L2 and L∞. are calculated successfully. The results are illustrated by means of two numerical examples with their graphical representations and comparisons with other methods.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СВЕРХЭКСПОНЕНЦИАЛЬНОГО РОСТА СРЕДНЕГО ПОТОКА ЧАСТИЦ В СЛУЧАЙНОЙ РАЗМНОЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЕ
Authors: ЛОТОВА Г.З. , МИХАЙЛОВ Г.А.
Published: October 2024

Для эффективного численно-аналитического исследования сверхэкспоненциального роста среднего потока частиц с размножением в случайной среде вводится новая корреляционно-сеточная аппроксимация однородного изотропного случайного поля плотности. Сложность реализации траектории частицы при этом не зависит от корреляционного масштаба. Для сеточной аппроксимации случайного поля ограниченной плотности обоснована возможность гауссовской асимптотики средней скорости размножения. Она обеспечивает суперэкспоненциальный рост потока в некотором начальном интервале времени. На основе тестовых расчетов построена оценка дальнейшего сверхэкспоненциального роста потока.

A new correlative-grid approximation of a homogeneous and isotropic random density field is introduced for the effective numerically-analytical investigation of overexponential growth of the mean particles flux in a random medium with multiplication. In this case the complexity of the particle trajectory realization is not dependent on the correlation scale. For the correlative-grid approximation the possibility of a Gaussian asymptotics of the mean particles multiplication rate is justified for a random field of bounded density. It ensures a superexponential growth of the flux in some initial time interval. An estimate of further overexponential flux growth is constructed based on some test computations.
ПОИСК НАИЛУЧШИХ КУБАТУРНЫХ ФОРМУЛ НА СФЕРЕ, ИНВАРИАНТНЫХ ОТНОСИТЕЛЬНО ГРУППЫ ВРАЩЕНИЙ ИКОСАЭДРА
Authors: ПОПОВ А.С.
Published: October 2024

Описывается процесс поиска наилучших (в некотором смысле) кубатурных формул на сфере, инвариантных относительно преобразований группы вращений икосаэдра. Даются с 16-ю значащими цифрами параметры всех наилучших кубатурных формул данного вида симметрии до 30-го порядка точности. Приводится таблица, содержащая основные характеристики всех наилучших на сегодняшний день кубатурных формул группы вращений икосаэдра до 79-го порядка точности.

A process of searching on the sphere for the best (in a sense) cubature formulas that are invariant under the transformations of the icosahedral rotation group is described. The parameters of the best cubature formulas of this symmetry type up to the 30th order of accuracy are given to 16 significant digits. A table which contains the main characteristics of all the best to date cubature formulas of the icosahedral rotation group up to the 79th order of accuracy is given.
О СВОЙСТВАХ РАЗНОСТНЫХ СХЕМ ДЛЯ РЕШЕНИЯ НЕЛИНЕЙНО-ДИСПЕРСИОННЫХ УРАВНЕНИЙ ПОВЫШЕННОЙ ТОЧНОСТИ. I. СЛУЧАЙ ОДНОЙ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОЙ ПЕРЕМЕННОЙ
Authors: ФЕДОТОВА З.И. , ХАКИМЗЯНОВ Г.С.
Published: October 2024

Построена разностная схема типа предиктор-корректор для решения нелинейно-дисперсионных уравнений волновой гидродинамики с повышенным порядком аппроксимации дисперсионного соотношения, основанная на расщеплении исходной системы уравнений на гиперболическую систему и скалярное уравнение эллиптического типа. Выполнен диссипативный и дисперсионный анализ новой схемы, получено условие ее устойчивости, выписана и проанализирована формула для фазовой ошибки. Найдены параметры, при которых достигается одинаковый порядок точности фазовых характеристик разностной схемы, аппроксимируемой ею нелинейно-дисперсионной модели и полной модели потенциальных течений.

A difference scheme of the predictor-corrector type is constructed for solving nonlinear dispersion equations of wave hydrodynamics with a high order of approximation of the dispersion relation, based on splitting of the original system of equations into a hyperbolic system and a scalar equation of the elliptic type. A dissipation and dispersion analysis of the new scheme is performed, a condition for its stability is obtained, and a formula for the phase error is written and analyzed. Parameters are found at which the phase characteristics of the difference scheme, the nonlinear-dispersive model approximated by it, and the full model of potential flows have the same order of accuracy.
Statistical analysis of the development of serfdom farms in the Vilnius and Dysna districts in the middle of the 19th century
Authors: Pamerneckis Stasys
Published: October 2024

This article is written with the application of correlation-regression and factorial statistical models for researching corvee-peasant farms. In the richest peasant farms of the third group most intensive correlations connections were formed.
Factorial analysis was based on two main factors-general economical level and provision with fodder and food. Factorial indexation of all peasant farms on factorial weights reflects comparatively high typological community of corvee-peasant farms in the middle of the 19th century.
Stan gospodarski rolnych swe wschodniej Litwie w tak zwanym okresie „Litwy Šrodkowej" i początek realizacii reformy rolnej
Authors: Kankevičius Artūras
Published: October 2024

After the end of Lucjan Zeligowsky's „revolt," so-called „Middle Lithuania" government was established, which was ostensibly independent from Warsaw policy. When the military operations were over, the situation inside the country was extremely critical. The economy of Eastern Lithuania, the base of which was agriculture, was completely ruined. New authority in 1921 had started partial reconstruction of the country's agriculture owing to the help of Warsaw. The attempts were made to provide farmers with seeds, necessary equipment, also to gain the pre-war number of cattle in Eastern Lithuania. The lack of land, radical slogans from the East made the question of land structure reform important. The land reform had to stabilize the country's inside situation. In spite of the formal situation in the Middle Lithuania, the decree of General Lucjan Zeligowsky „Concerning the question of land reform" was declared.  The decree, repeating the main principles stated in the Polish laws, was more peasant in its essence. Agrarian councils were established in the Middle Lithuania, the main task of which became the parceling of large landownership. The parcelling of land took place in two directions: the state estates were being parcelled, and alongside this, the parcelling of private large landownership took place under control of Land departments. In 1922, 17,440 dessiantines of land area were distributed in plots. 1009 plots were formed, the buyers of which became the countrymen of the nearest villages. The fact that the owners of the new plots became landless and poor peasants was not less important. The works of dividing villages into individual farms and the liquidation of servitudes were begun. The results gained in this field were poor.  The laws of the Middle Lithuania land reforms had great importance on the further development of agrarian relationships in Eastern Lithuania. This reform was different in its essence not only from the laws of the Republic of Poland but also prevented the establishment of laws devoted to the Kresy.
Lietuvių - žydų santykiai rudosios okupacijos metu
Authors: Krupavičius Mykolas
Published: October 2024

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Andrius Bendžius (1917 09 13 - 1994 08 11)
Authors: Jegelevičius Sigitas
Published: October 2024

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Robertas Žiugžda (1920 05 17-1996 02 07)
Authors: Kasperavičius Algis
Published: October 2024

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Aerobic capacity of healthy young men associated with muscle oxygen extraction rate of the vastus lateralis muscle
Authors: Takeda Hiromichi , Tabira Kazuyuki , Yamamoto Wakana , Matsuoka Koume , Horie Jun
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The determinants of aerobic capacity are oxygen delivery by the cardiopulmonary system and oxygen extraction by the skeletal muscles. However, the impact of the oxygen extraction capacity of the skeletal muscle is unclear. This study aimed to examine the associations between aerobic capacity; muscle strength, endurance, mass, and quality; and oxygen extraction capacity.

Methods

Twenty-seven healthy young men (mean age, 20.7 ± 0.8 years; body mass index, 21.6 ± 3.2 kg m−2) were recruited. The following parameters were determined: peak work rate (WR) and oxygen uptake (O2) corrected for body mass using the cardiopulmonary exercise testing; muscle strength and endurance using isokinetic muscle testing; muscle mass using bioelectrical impedance; muscle quality (muscle echo intensity) using an ultrasound imaging device, and muscle oxygen extraction rate (MOER) using near-infrared spectroscopy. Multiple regression analysis was performed using WR/kg peak and O2/kg peak as dependent variables and each assessment index as an independent variable.

Results

Multiple regression analysis with WR/kg peak as the dependent variable resulted in the adoption of SMI (β = −0.41, P = 0.036), muscle echo intensity (β = −0.45, P = 0.012) and ΔMOER (β = 0.73, P < 0.001) as significantly associated factors. Multiple regression analysis with O2/kg peak as the dependent variable resulted in ΔMOER (β = 0.65, P = 0.001) being adopted as a significantly associated factor.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that muscle oxygen extraction rate is associated with aerobic capacity. MOER is a useful indicator because it is not affected by body mass.
PowerPoint as a Tool to Support the Creation of Dynamic Models for Teaching: The Case of the Sum of an Infinite Geometric Sequence
Authors: Nam Pham Sy , Linh Nguyen Tan , Tu Pham Thi Thanh , Lavicza Zsolt , Bautista, Jr Guillermo P.
Published: October 2024

PowerPoint is a learning aid, developed for presentations. PowerPoint has “dynamic” features for creating presentations with dynamic actions. The knowledge of the infinite backward multiplier is difficult to understand. One of the difficulties in understanding this knowledge
is infinity, “dynamic”. In this study, we use the dynamic features of PowerPoint to design the sum of an infinite geometric sequence teaching. The study was conducted with 32 students in 11th grade. Students experimented with the dynamic model in PowerPoint. Research results show
that the flexible use of PowerPoint’s dynamic features allows the creation of dynamic models of the sum of an infinite geometric sequence. Dynamic models have made it easier for students to build knowledge, creating geometric images of infinite sums. Moreover, with the dynamic features
of PowerPoint, creating artistic images, attracts students to actively participate in learning.
Determination of themean orbit for meteoroid streams
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Shaidulin V. Sh. , Milanov D. V. ,   Saint Petersburg State University, Rusakov A. S. ,   Saint Petersburg State University, Veselova A. V. ,   Saint Petersburg State University
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a mathematical apparatus for calculating the average orbit of a family of bodies using Kholshevnikov metrics. Based on it, a software package has been developed for studying the evolution of meteor showers. As an example, a study was conducted of the Geminid meteor shower, which is one of the most intense today. The results for samples from different years show the same results, despite the fact that the samples do not overlap. Among other things, we calculated the age of the Geminids stream.
The algorithm for processing measurements of the brightness of GEO and its application
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Novikova O. S.
Published: October 2024

The report presents an algorithm designed to extract information about the surface area of a near-Earth object obtained from measurements of its brightness. Has been proved that the use of photometric measurements of an object together with its positional observations makes it possible to expand the number of dynamic parameters collected from observations. The results of applying the processing technique to observations of objects in the geostationary orbit zone (GEO) obtained with the Zeiss-2000 telescope of the CCP “Terskol Observatory” are presented.
Creating a database to analyse the results of molecular lines obseravations in star-forming regions
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Gimalieva A. D. , Ostrovskii A. B. ,   Ural Federal University, Salii S. V. ,   Ural Federal University, Kirsanova M. S. ,   Institute of Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2024

We created the preliminary database of integrated intensities of molecular lines 13CS (2 - 1), SiO(2 - 1), CCH (N = 1 - 0, J = 3/2 - 1/2, F = 2 - 1), N2H+ (1 - 0), H13CO+ (1 - 0), HCN (j = 1 - 0, F = 0 - 1), HN13C (1 - 0), HNCO (4(0,4) - 3(0,3)), CH3CN (51 - 41 E), CH3OH (42,2 - 31,2) observed in sources that are in diherent phases of star formation. These values are going to be used for cluster analysis with machine learning methods.
Experimental data workflow optimisation in the UrFU Research Laboratory for Astrochemistry
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Nakibov R. S. , Fedoseev G. S. ,   Ural Federal University, Karteeva V. M. ,   Ural Federal University, Medvedev M. G. ,   Ural Federal University, Ozhiganov M. E. ,   Ural Federal University, Sapunova U. A. ,   Ural Federal University, Kuznetsov E. D. ,   Ural Federal University, Vasyunin A. I. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: October 2024

Day-to-day laboratory work, in particular, usage of the FT-IR spectrometer, generates vast amounts of raw experimental data. Processing and analysis of such data, its transformation into a format suited for interpretation and collective discussion is a tedious, multistage, yet necessary task. This report describes the work done to optimize and automate common data processing scenarios present in the work of Research Laboratory for Astrochemistry using the Python programming language. We provide a workflow chart for processing FT-IR spectrometer data and provide a list of developed apps. A set of applications was developed through the usage of which we achieved an increase of the speed of data processing and implemented a data cataloging standard on a software level. This experience can be used to improve the workflow of other laboratories.
Analisis of kinematics and stability in high-mass star forming regions
Authors:   Federal Research Center Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Pazukhin A. G. ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Zinchenko I. I. ,   Federal Research Center Institute of Applied Physics RAS
Published: October 2024

The analysis of molecular cloud stability is crucial in the study of star formation. One way to estimate the stability to collapse is through the virial parameter, which compares the virial mass with the actual mass. High-mass star forming regions often exhibit small values of the parameter, which may indicate faster evolution during collapse. In this work, we use observational data in the 3 mm wavelength obtained with the IRAM 30 m telescope towards five high-mass star forming regions (L1287, S187, S231, DR21(OH), NGC7538). The integral intensity ratios of transition j = 1-0 of the HCN and HNC molecules and their 13C isotopologues is used to estimate the kinetic temperature. Dust emission data at 850 pm JCMT-SCUBA is used to found the N(H2) column density and source masses. The velocity dispersion is estimated from the H13CO+(lh) spectra. In the results masses are ~ 65- 5 635 Mq, source sizes are ~ 0.08-0.27 pc, total velocity dispersions of H13CO+ ~ 0.25- 3.44 kms-1. Virial parameters of sources are avir < 2, which indicates gravitationally bound of sources and might be collapsing (the gravitational binding energy is higher than the kinetic energy) if no additional support, such as from magnetic field.
Features of rejection of positional and photometric measurements when determining dynamic parameters of space debris objects
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Saleiko K. V. , Popandopulo N. A. ,   Tomsk State University, Bordovitsyna T. V. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: October 2024

The paper presents the results of a numerical experiment on the selection and justification of criteria for rejecting positional and photometric measurements.
Bismuth-coated screen-printed carbon electrodes for quantitative voltammetric determination of formaldehyde in urotropin
Authors: Kifle Alexander B. , Malakhova Nataliya A. , Mozharovskaia Polina N. , Saraeva Svetlana Yu. , Kozitsina Alisa N.
Published: October 2024

For the first time, a bismuth-modified electrode is used for the quantitative voltammetric determination of formaldehyde (FA) in urotropin. The well-established method of forming formaldehyde hydrazone (FAH) in the presence of hydrazine sulphate (HRZ) was employed to transform the hydrated form of FA into its electrochemically active derivative. The reduction current of FAH was recorded in a phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 5.2±0.1) in the presence of 0.09 M HRZ on a screen-printed carbon electrode that had been preliminarily modified with a bismuth film. A 20-second electrolysis at an applied potential of –0.28 V in a solution comprising 1 M HCl, 0.5 M NaBr, and 4 g/L Bi(III) resulted in the formation of a well-developed metal layer with an active surface. The determination of FA in technical urotropin yielded satisfactory results, indicating the potential for further applications of Bi/SPCE in pharmaceutical analysis.
Electrodeposition of Ni-WC composite coatings: formation, structure and properties
Authors: Petukhova Polina M. , Bushueva Evdokiya G. , Novgorodtseva Oksana N. , Kizimov Vladislav D.
Published: October 2024

Currently, electroplating is actively developing, and one of its promising areas is the study of composite electrochemical coatings (CEC). They are of great interest to the industrial sector, especially for mechanical engineering, due to their unique properties. CEC contain microscopic particles as additives that can significantly improve coating properties such as hardness and wear resistance. This is especially important for the manufacturing of high-quality parts of industrial mechanisms. These areas can lead to new advances in the development of better and more durable materials. In this work, composite coatings of nickel-tungsten carbide were obtained by the method of electrodeposition. The deposition was carried out in a sulfuric acid electrolyte with different concentrations of tungsten carbide. Formation of composite coatings was carried out at a concentration of dispersed particles in a sulfate electrolyte of 10 g/L. The coatings have no pores or cracks. Nickel and tungsten carbide phases were detected in the coatings by X-ray phase and micro-X-ray spectral analyses. Inclusions of WC in the nickel matrix lead to an increase in the microhardness of the coating by 10–15 times. Wear resistance was assessed under dry sliding friction with reciprocating motion; a decrease in the volume of worn material by 2–3 times was noted when tungsten carbide was added into the nickel matrix.
Tendências de financiamento da Atenção Primária à Saúde em uma capital brasileira
Authors: Minami Joyce , Santos Mara Lisiane de Moraes dos , Ranzi Dinaci , Soranz Daniel , Balejo Rodrigo , Evedove André Ulian Dall , Theobald Melina Raquel , De-Carli Alessandro Diogo
Published: October 2024

Resumo Estabelecido em 2019, o Programa Previne Brasil (PPB), atual modelo de financiamento de custeio da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) do Ministério da Saúde, é composto por quatro critérios de pagamentos. Estes, com exceção do incentivo financeiro com base em critério populacional, são variáveis e relacionados ao desempenho municipal no alcance de indicadores da APS. O objetivo desse estudo foi de verificar a tendência de disponibilidade de recursos da APS em uma capital brasileira. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, analítico, de corte longitudinal, realizado a partir de informações secundárias de transferências intergovernamentais. As análises foram realizadas no programa R, com nível de significância do valor de p<0,05. Os resultados demonstraram que os repasses financeiros para custeio tiveram uma tendência significativa de aumento, considerando o período como um todo. A capitação ponderada foi o critério que mais impactou o bloco de custeio, permanecendo estável; o pagamento por desempenho e as ações estratégicas indicaram tendência de flutuação significativa nos pagamentos mensais.
Primary Health Care financing trends in a Brazilian capital
Authors: Minami Joyce , Santos Mara Lisiane de Moraes dos , Ranzi Dinaci , Soranz Daniel , Balejo Rodrigo , Evedove André Ulian Dall , Theobald Melina Raquel , De-Carli Alessandro Diogo
Published: October 2024

Abstract Established in 2019, the Previne Brasil Program (PPB), the current PHC financing model under the Ministry of Health, comprises four payment criteria. Except for the population-based financial incentive, these criteria vary and are linked to municipal performance in achieving PHC indicators. This study aimed to assess the trend in the availability of PHC funds in a Brazilian capital. This quantitative, analytical, longitudinal study was based on secondary information from intergovernmental transfers. Analyses were conducted using the R program, with a significance level set at p<0.05. Considering the entire period, the results revealed a significant upward trend in costing financial transfers. Weighted capitation was the criterion that most impacted the costing block and remained stable, whereas pay-for-performance and strategic actions indicated a significant fluctuation trend in monthly payments.
A evolução da legislação da saúde em Portugal e os novos desafios para a gestão a partir de 2024
Authors: Pisco Luís Augusto Coelho , Silva Vera Pires da , Monteiro Baltazar Ricardo
Published: October 2024

Resumo Nos últimos 40 anos, o Serviço Nacional de Saúde (SNS) gerou ganhos que colocaram Portugal num lugar cimeiro no que se refere à qualidade de vida de milhões de cidadãos e reduziu muitas das desigualdades na sociedade portuguesa. Revisitar a criação do Serviço Nacional de Saúde Português e todas as profundas alterações legislativas introduzidas após a publicação da nova Lei de Bases da Saúde, a definição dos eixos estratégicos da política de recursos humanos do SNS e a criação dos respetivos mecanismos de operacionalização, a aprovação do novo Estatuto do SNS e a aprovação da Orgânica e dos Estatutos da Direção Executiva do SNS e a criação, com natureza de entidades públicas empresariais, das Unidades Locais de Saúde. Estas alterações legislativas poderão ser um passo fundamental para o reforço da construção de um SNS mais justo e inclusivo, que responda melhor às necessidades da população mediante as necessárias reformas estruturais.
The evolution of the Portuguese health legislation and the new challenges for management from 2024 onwards
Authors: Pisco Luís Augusto Coelho , Silva Vera Pires da , Monteiro Baltazar Ricardo
Published: October 2024

Abstract In the last 40 years, the National Health Service (SNS) has generated health gains that have placed Portugal at the top regarding quality of life for millions of citizens and reduced many of the inequalities in Portuguese society. We revisit the establishment of the Portuguese National Health Service and all the profound legislative changes introduced after the publication of the new Health Basic Law, the definition of the strategic axes of the SNS human resources policy and the establishment of the respective operationalization mechanisms, the approval of the new SNS Statute and the approval of the Organic and Statutes of the Executive Board of the SNS and the creation of Local Health Units (ULS) as public business entities. These legislative changes could be a fundamental step towards strengthening the construction of a fairer and more inclusive SNS, which better responds to the population’s needs through the necessary structural reforms.