bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant of Effervescent Tablet Formulated from Combination of Secang Wood and Red Ginger Extracts
Authors: Sofyah Titik Mardiyanti , Tukiran Tukiran , Sutoyo Suyatno
Published: August 2022

Secang wood has strong antioxidant properties because it contains phenolic compounds such as flavonoids and brazilin. Also, red ginger has antioxidant derived from nonvolatile phenolic compounds. Until now, there has been no use of a combination of secang wood extract and red ginger specifically for the manufacture of effervescent tablets. The purpose of this study was to formulate an effervescent tablet by doing combination of secang wood and red ginger extracts with using various concentrations of citric and tartaric acids. The formulations conducted were three acid sources of 20%, 25%, 30%, using wet granulation. The evaluation subjected to the formulas included the physical properties of the granules, such as the water content and flow properties of the granules. Meanwhile, the evaluation performed to the tablet included the hardness test, tablet friability, weight uniformity, dissolution time, and acidity (pH). The analysis was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia Edition III and BPOM. The results obtained are effervescent tablet with an acid variation of 20% with physical quality values of water content of 2.91% and granule flow properties of 6.03 s. Meanwhile, the physical quality requirements of effervescent tablets were tablet hardness of 4.02 kp; tablet friability 0.46%; weight uniformity 0.132%; 71 s dissolution time; and 6.4 degrees of acidity.
Biological Aspects of Three Species Family Gobiidae in the Bilah River, Labuhanbatu Regency, Sumatera Utara Province
Authors: Khairul Khairul , Lubis Ika Nazira
Published: August 2022

The Bilah river is known to have a fairly high fish biodiversity. Some species of Gobiidae are usually caught by fishermen in the estuary area. But until now there is no data and information related to the biological aspects of the Gobiidae family. The purpose of this study was to determine aspects of the size class and long relationship of the weight of Gobiidae fish caught by fishermen in the Bilah river. This study is exploratory, where fish sampling stations are determined based on fish habitat from fishermen's information (purposive sampling). Fish are caught using traditional fishing gear in the form of splint. The fish caught is then measured in total length and weight. Then the fish obtained based on the catch are grouped in small, medium, and large sizes. Data analysis using Microsoft Excel 2010 applications. In this study, three species of fish that are included in the family Gobiidae namely Butis butis, Butis aureus, and Eleotris fusca. The small category B. butis (9-11.9 cm) fish size class is obtained as many as 2 individuals, medium size (12-14.9 cm) 9 individuals, and large size (15-17.9 cm) 2 individuals. The small size class (6-8.9 cm) of B. aureus fish obtained 2 individuals, medium (9-11.9 cm) 8 individuals, and large 12-14.9 cm) 4 individuals. Small size class (9-11.9 cm) E. fusca as many as 6 individuals, medium (12-14.9 cm) 7 individuals, and large (15-17.9 cm) 3 individuals. The growth pattern of the crazy fish (B. butis) (value b = 0.10), B. aureus (value b = 0.27), and E. fusca (value b = 0.20).
The Importance of Ending Well: A Virtual Last Class Workshop for Course Evaluation and Evolution
Authors: Styles Erin B. , Polvi Elizabeth J.
Published: August 2022

The last class session of the academic term represents an excellent opportunity to solicit meaningful feedback from students who have just completed the course. To capitalize on the students’ first-hand knowledge of their own experiences with our course and maximize the impact of the last class for our Canadian graduate-level genetics course, we have used and optimized a workshop first described by Bleicher (2011) as a means of obtaining real-time, in-person course evaluations, and driving course evolution. Presented as an empowering opportunity for student activism, students are asked to contribute collaboratively to improving future iterations of the course. This approach stimulates thoughtful discussions, generates honest and useful feedback, and requires only nominal preparative work on the part of the instructor, whose primary role during the workshop is as a facilitator. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, we’ve assessed student perceptions of two virtual models for the Last Class Workshop—one using Google Docs, a free web-based word processor, and another using Miro, a collaborative whiteboard platform—to identify whether or not the Last Class Workshop can be effectively translated for a synchronous online learning environment. Student responses to the virtual workshops have been highly positive, and participants overwhelmingly preferred the Miro adaptation. We suggest that this is an effective way to access the expert knowledge of our students to develop innovative adaptations, updates, and evolutionary change at the end of a course, and conclude with a proposal for maintaining this virtual tool after in-person learning resumes.
Supporting High-Achieving Students After Enrolment: Learning from a Qualitative Evaluation of a High Achievers Recognition Scheme
Authors: Flint Abbi , Gaunt Juliette , O'Hara Mark
Published: August 2022

This article presents findings from a small-scale qualitative study of student perceptions of a High Achievers’ Recognition Scheme in a faculty within a UK university. This scheme is unusual in UK higher education in that it provides tailored support and development for students who have been identified as high-achievers. The findings suggest students valued both the recognition and developmental aspects of the scheme and their perceptions of the benefits aligned with the scheme’s aims: enhanced personal and professional development, improved engagement, and raised aspirations. Social and individual factors were perceived to enable high-achievement, whilst some operational factors could hinder engagement with the scheme. The findings are relevant to wider understandings of approaches to support high-achieving students; an area where, currently, there is little published research from the UK. We conclude with reflections on possible ways to build support for high-achieving students through focusing on identity, agency, and community.
The Role of Yemen's Awqaf in Solving the Problem of Low Income Housing: A Case Study of Sana'a Capital
Authors: Al-Mamary Abdul Karim Ali , Al-Kabab Abdul Aziz Ahmed
Published: August 2022

This research deals with the extent to which the Waqf has contributed since the mid-1970s to solving the problem of low income housing in cooperation with the public and private sectors, and discusses the multi-faceted aspects of the endowments of land, capital, or both. The factors that led to the decline of the investment sector in the Ministry of Awqaf to continue to adopt this type of projects and most importantly not to achieve the investment return desired. The research aims to highlight the role of the Waqf in contributing to solving the problem of housing in the Municipality of the capital in particular by highlighting the projects of the residential stay in which it was built and the reasons that led to its decline. The importance of the research is to highlight the role of the Waqf in contributing to solving societal problems. The Municipality of the capital, such as the problem of housing with low income, and the possibility of returning again to contribute effectively and achieve the desired objectives, while achieving economic feasibility so as to be able to achieve comprehensive and balanced sustainable development that achieve the interest of the parties endowment and society. The research focuses on the identification and adoption of modern scientific methods in the field of investment. The study concluded several recommendations that contribute to restoring the role of the Waqf in the service of society, especially in the provision of housing for people with low income.

Keywords: Waqf, Aian (land, building), Prevention, Low income, Housing.
Stress Levels Determine Migraine Incidence in Medical Students of Duta Wacana Christian University
Authors: Dave Jonathan , Pramudita Esdras Ardi , Pinzon Rizaldy Taslim
Published: August 2022

Highlight:

Stress can trigger migraine.
There is a significant relationship between stress levels and the occurence of migraine
The higher the stress level, the higher the risk of migraine

 
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Migraine is the second most common primary headache after tension-type headache. Stress is one of the factors that can contribute to migraine occurrence. Medical students are subjected to a high-stress level due to their educational program, which increases their risk of migraine. Objective: To measure the relationship between stress levels and migraine occurrence in medical students of Duta Wacana Christian University, batch 2020. Methods: This study used an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional method and involved 61 respondents from the medical students of Duta Wacana Christian University, batch 2020, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Respondents were required to approve informed consent and complete the Perceived Stress Scale and Migraine Screen Questionnaire before conducting the research. Results: The Chi-Square for Trend statistical analysis for trends showed that stress levels were related to migraine (p < 0.05), age variables revealed no association with migraine (p > 0.05), and gender revealed that the sexes had a relationship with migraine (p < 0.05). Using Fisher's statistical technique, this study found that menstrual status has no association with migraine (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Stress levels and migraine frequency were significantly correlated, meaning that high-stress levels can trigger migraines.
Homonymous Hemianopia Secondary to A Long Fusiform Aneurysm of Posterior Cerebral Artery in A Patient with Connective Tissue Disease
Authors: Ramadhoni Pinto Desti , Riswandi Asep
Published: August 2022

Highlight:

Fusiform aneurysms are uncommon, accounting for only 1% of total intracranial aneurysms, and posterior circulation involvement is only 3-13% of cases of intracranial aneurysms.
Connective tissue diseases are very rare as the cause of this vasculopathy.
Homonymous hemianopia due to the mass effect or dilated blood vessels compressing the left optic tract.

 
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Fusiform aneurysms are uncommon, accounting for 1% of all intracranial aneurysms. Dissection and atherosclerosis are the main causes of this vasculopathy, but connective tissue disease is a very uncommon cause. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome is the most common connective tissue disease, accounting for  11% of all cases. Symptoms depend on the location and size of the aneurysm, including headaches, blurred or double vision, and focal neurological deficits. Case: A 36-year-old man suddenly experienced blurred vision in both eyes on the right, starting with a chronic left-sided headache and no history of cardiovascular disease. In the confrontation test, Humphrey gave the right homonymous hemianopia. A head CT scan showed a lobulated lesion which showed enhancement in the left suprasellar region, and cerebral digital subtraction angiography (DSA) gave the impression of a long fusiform aneurysm L PCA. Clinically, the patient’s skin on the left side of his face was darker than on the right, his skin was more elastic, and his blood vessels were wider and more prominent on the side of the fusiform aneurysm. Conclusion: Posterior circulation involvement is only 3-13% of cases of intracranial aneurysms. Many cases of intracranial aneurysms are not detected before rupture, resulting in delays in treatment. Surgical or endovascular surgery can be performed if the size is >10 mm and causes clinical symptoms. Symptoms of ischemia are managed with antiplatelets or anticoagulants. Incidentally detected unruptured aneurysms are generally managed conservatively because of the highly friable nature of the blood vessels in patients with connective tissue diseases.
Gravitational Mass of the Rarefied Cloud of Relativistic Material Particles
Authors: Belayev Wladimir
Published: August 2022

A cloud of relativistic material particles is considered, for which the distortions of length and time caused by the presence of the Lorentz factor an order of magnitude greater than curvature of space-time by gravity. The gravitational mass of the cloud is found in the region where its size is insignificant. It is established that the coefficient of dependence of the cloud mass on the total rest mass of its particles includes a complete elliptic integral of the 2nd kind.
Lifelong Adaptive Machine Learning for Sensor-based Human Activity Recognition Using Prototypical Networks
Authors: Adaimi Rebecca , Thomaz Edison
Published: August 2022

Continual learning (CL), a.k.a lifelong learning, is an emerging research topic that has been attracting increasing interest in the field of machine learning. With human activity recognition (HAR) playing a key role in enabling numerous real-world applications, an essential step towards the long-term deployment of such systems is to extend the activity model to dynamically adapt to changes in people’s everyday behavior. Current research in CL applied to HAR domain is still under-explored with researchers exploring existing methods developed for computer vision in HAR. Moreover, analysis has so far focused on task-incremental or class-incremental learning paradigms where task boundaries are known. This impedes the applicability of such methods for real-world systems. To push this field forward, we build on recent advances in the area of continual learning and design a lifelong adaptive learning framework using Prototypical Networks, LAPNet-HAR, that processes sensor-based data streams in a task-free data-incremental fashion and mitigates catastrophic forgetting using experience replay and continual prototype adaptation. Online learning is further facilitated using contrastive loss to enforce inter-class separation. LAPNet-HAR is evaluated on 5 publicly available activity datasets in terms of its ability to acquire new information while preserving previous knowledge. Our extensive empirical results demonstrate the effectiveness of LAPNet-HAR in task-free CL and uncover useful insights for future challenges.
Mine Tailings-Based Geopolymers: Durability, Microstructure, Thermal and Leaching Properties
Authors: He Xiang
Published: August 2022

The mining sector generates a substantial quantity of stone waste and tailings, which constitutes an environmental risk. The most prevalent method for disposing of this industrial waste is dumping, which contributes to soil deterioration and water contamination while acquiring precious land. It can be recycled using a number of processes, such as the promising geopolymerization technique, which transforms waste into value. This study reviews current developments in the manufacturing of mine tailings-based geopolymer composites from industrial waste as a possible sustainable building material. This paper also gives in-depth studies on the characteristics and behaviors of mine tailings composites used in geopolymer manufacturing, including durability, microstructure, thermal and leaching properties. This review also identifies knowledge gaps that must be filled in order to advance mine tailings composites for geopolymers.
Encapsulation Studies and In Silico Identification of Protein Targets Associated to the Insecticide Activity of Eugenol Derivatives
Authors: Fernandes Maria José G. , Pereira Renato B. , Rodrigues Ana Rita O. , Vieira Tatiana F. , Fortes A. Gil , Pereira David M. , Sousa Sérgio F. , Castanheira Elisabete M. S. , Gonçalves M. Sameiro
Published: August 2022

The eugenol derivative, ethyl 4-(2-methoxy-4-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)phenoxy)butanoate 1, with promising insecticidal capability was encapsulated in liposomal formulations of egg-phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol (Egg-PC:Ch) 70:30 and of 100% dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG). Compound-loaded Egg-PC:Ch liposomes exhibit small hydrodynamic diameters (below 100 nm), high encapsulation efficiency (88.8% ± 2.7%), higher stability and a more efficient compound release, being chosen for assays in Sf9 insect cells. Compound 1 elicited a loss of cell viability up to 80% after 72h of incubation. Relevantly, encapsulation maintained the toxicity of compound 1 towards insect cells, while it lowered toxicity towards human cells, thus showing the selectivity of the system. Structure based inverted virtual screening was used to predict the most likely targets and molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations were used to demonstrate that this molecule can form a stable complex with insect odorant binding proteins and/or acetylcholinesterase.
THE SIMPLIFYING OF THE SOLUTION OF LINEAR OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Authors: Chernova Liubava , Titov Sergiy , Chernova Lyudmila
Published: August 2022

Modern mathematic models of project management processes description can be use in many cases to linear optimization problems. Simplification algorithms provide an efficient method of searching for solution of an optimization problem. If we project a multidimensional process onto a two-dimensional plane, this method will enable graphic visualization of the problem solution matrixes. A significant simplification of the algorithms for preparing the linear optimization problem in computer calculations can be achieved using the concept of duality in linear optimization problems. The linear optimization problem forms are equivalent. This can be achieved provided that transformation techniques are used to move from one form of tasks to another. To simplify the transformation of linear optimization problems, the transition from maximizing to minimizing the objective function is used. This research has proposed a method of simplifying the combinatorial solution of a discrete optimization problem. It is based on decomposition of the system representing a system of constraints of a five-dimensional initial problem into the two-dimensional coordinate plane. There was a model example considered for solving a five-dimensional linear optimization problem based on such projecting of a multidimensional space onto the two-dimensional one. The paper is concerned with construction of a chain of efficient algorithms to simplify the primary mathematic model of problem and realization its computer-aided calculation. Applied value of the proposed approach consists in using the scientific result for enabling the possibility to improve canonical methods of optimization problem solution and, respectively, for simplification of computer-assisted calculation.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF BEHAVIORAL RISK MANAGEMENT IN ART PROJECTS
Authors: Rybalko Iryna
Published: August 2022

The developed mathematical model of behavioral risk management of art-projects, created on the basis of the conceptual model "Palette" built earlier, is offered. The identified risks of art-projects, a detailed description of which is presented in previous scientific works of the author, were distributed between the four sources that formed the basis of the conceptual model "Palette". Given the extreme importance of the influence of the human factor on the art project, the identified risks from the four sources were classified in the group of behavioral risks. The author proposed the definition of behavioral risks in the context of the implementation of art projects, as destructive behavior of the art project team member, which can prevent the receipt of the art project product or the success of the project as a whole. The analysis of scientific works in the field of development and application of mathematical model in project management showed the expediency and practical effectiveness of this method. The mathematical model has become an effective tool for a project manager of any field in the calculation of various indicators important in the development of project management plans. According to the conceptual model "Palette" and the mathematical model, the author has developed a spectral palette (scale), which can be used to obtain a characteristic that determines how risky each of the potential team members to perform a certain art project, depending on the sector in which the result of the calculation of the probability of behavioral risk is entered. It is concluded that the application of this mathematical model is of practical value for the art-project manager in developing a plan of antirisk measures and choosing a behavioral strategy taking into account the obtained assessment of each potential team member of an art-project. Determining the degree of riskiness of each art-project team member gives the manager answers to many questions about the motives of individual actions of a certain team member, explains his behavior in performing personal tasks, and in interaction with other team members and art-project stakeholders. Further scientific work of the author is to develop methods of behavioral risk management of art-projects, aimed at improving the effectiveness of art-project team management for its successful implementation.
FEATURES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS AND SPECIFICITY OF THEIR MANAGEMENT
Authors: Sevostianov Vitaly , Sevostianova Alina , Savina Oksana
Published: August 2022

Global climate change, the consequences of accidents at power plants, rising energy prices, rising demand for energy resources necessitate the adjustment of energy policy of many countries in the direction of development of renewable energy sources. Ukraine's strategy in this area is aimed at solving the main problems of increasing the share of energy from renewable sources in the structure of the overall primary energy supply and the search for and use of skilful approaches to the management of renewable energy projects. A study of the state and problems of development of renewable energy in Ukraine. Based on the results of the analysis of the work of domestic and foreign scientists and researchers in the field of renewable energy project management, it is concluded that this aspect is studied in part and in fragments, identified problems of existing management. It is determined that to ensure the sustainable development of renewable energy and the implementation of forecasts requires proper and skillful management of renewable energy projects, which takes into account their specific features and aims to improve the efficiency of such projects. It is revealed that renewable energy sources include periodic or constant energy flows that propagate in nature and are limited only by the stability of the Earth as a cosmoplanetary element: radiant energy of the Sun, wind, hydropower, natural heat and more. The types of renewable energy projects and their features are identified, which are considered within the categories. The classification of renewable energy projects is carried out. Distinctive features of renewable energy projects and features of their management are highlighted. Renewable energy projects have been identified as being at risk, environmentally friendly and dependent on a large number of stakeholders.
TECHNOLOGY OF CHOOSING AN EFFECTIVE METHODOLOGY OF IT PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Authors: Borysov Oleksii , Danchenko Оlena , Kharuta Vitalii
Published: August 2022

The dependence of the choice of the optimal IT project management methodology on its successful completion is shown. Choosing a management methodology is one of the first decisions a project manager makes. Each of the existing management methodologies for different types of projects has its own pros and cons. Some are designed for speed of software development, others for full compliance, and still others for creativity and continuous improvement. Choosing the best methodology requires a clear understanding of the positive or negative impact on a particular project. There is no universal methodology, so its choice is made individually for each project, focusing on its goals, scale, complexity, deadlines, professionalism and discipline of the team. This is necessary because some methodologies allow you to speed up development, while others make it more thorough, eliminate the risk of significant problems, errors or product flaws. That is, each management methodology is focused on different aspects and features of projects, therefore, a combination of several methodologies at once is possible. The main objective of the article was to find out to what extent a specific approach meets the goals and characteristics of an IT project. The process of analyzing, evaluating and selecting the appropriate methodology was based on the Organizational Project Management Maturity Model (OPM3), an Organizational Project Management Maturity Model. With this in mind, the analysis of the essence and principles of IT project management methodologies and software product creation has been carried out. The most popular of the existing approaches are considered, their content, history of formation, advantages and disadvantages, as well as areas of application for different types of IT projects are determined. Comparison of these approaches was performed according to the selected criteria. A vision of the formation of an integral assessment of the choice of the optimal methodology for a specific IT project has been formed. To automate the adoption of design decisions on the basis of the proposed integral assessment, a technology was proposed for choosing the optimal methodology for the selected design indicators.
MODELS OF INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT MANAGEMENT BY MEANS OF HYBRID TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Zachko Oleh , Kobylkin Dmytro , Zachko Iryna
Published: August 2022

In the scientific article the actual scientific and applied task of development of models of management the infrastructure projects by means of hybrid technologies is solved. A thorough analysis of research in the field of infrastructure project management and identified its unresolved part. Was conducted the analysis of the subject area of the state of implementation of infrastructure projects at the regional level; terminological base of scientific research; a system of normative legal acts in the field of financial regulation of infrastructure projects and programs at the regional level and standards for project management; international experience in implementing programs at the regional level; modern approaches to the management of infrastructure projects and programs at the regional level. A scientific and applied concept of hybrid management of infrastructure projects and programs at the regional level by means of convergence of knowledge systems for project management has been developed. Described the project environment of infrastructure projects and programs at the regional level, which includes the core implementation and operation of infrastructure projects and programs using hybrid technologies at the regional level, and four blocks underlying the set of parameters and values of such projects and programs. It is determined that the complexity of infrastructure projects and programs of the territorial system determines the problem of project management, and accordingly the complexity of projects. Thus, complex projects are projects with a high level of uncertainty of input data, high probability or magnitude of potential risks and the need to use different approaches in project implementation, including the involvement of a relatively large number of experts in different fields of specialization. Scientifically based methods and mechanisms of hybrid management of infrastructure projects and programs at the regional level allow to identify and implement possible measures to improve the situation in the region and improve the organizational and functional structure of resource management.
The use of US Army Corps of Engineers reservoirs as stopover sites for the Aransas–Wood Buffalo population of whooping crane
Authors: Jung Jacob , Fischer Richard , McConnell Chester , Bates Pam
Published: August 2022

This technical report summarizes the use of US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) reservoirs as spring and fall migration stopover sites for the endangered Aransas–Wood Buffalo population of whooping cranes (WHCR), which proved much greater than previously known. We assessed stopover use within the migration flyway with satellite transmitter data on 68 WHCR during 2009–2018 from a study by the US Geological Survey (USGS) and collaborators, resulting in over 165,000 location records, supplemented by incidental observations from the US Fish and Wildlife Ser-vice (USFWS) and the USGS Biodiversity Information Serving Our Nation (BISON) databases. Significant stopover use was observed during both spring and fall migration, and one reservoir served as a wintering location in multiple years. Future efforts should include (a) continued monitoring for WHCR at USACE reservoirs within the flyway; (b) reservoir-specific management plans at all projects with significant WHCR stopover; (c) a USACE-specific and range-wide Endangered Species Act Section 7(a)(1) conservation plan that specifies proactive conservation actions; (d) habitat management plans that include potential pool-level modifications during spring and fall to optimize stopover habitat conditions; and (e) continued evaluation of habitat conditions at USACE reservoirs.
Occurrence of silver, bighead, and black carp in waters managed by the US Army Corps of Engineers -- geospatial data appendix
Authors: Oliver Amanda , Slack William , Katzenmeyer Alan
Published: August 2022

This ZIP file contains geospatial data intended to supplement ERDC/EL TR-22-XX "Occurrence of Silver, Bighead, and Black Carp in Waters Managed by the US Army Corps of Engineers"
Drilling Inside Fiberglass Casing, Wear Prediction and Management in Geothermal Wells
Authors: Aichinger Florian , Beddelem Marie-Helene , Germain Guillaume , Hirsinger Louis , Gerbaud Laurent , Studer Regis
Published: August 2022

Objectives/Scope

Due to corrosive fluids being expected in the geothermal wells planned for the Champigny (Paris) district heating, fiberglass casing was used. It was deemed beneficial, if drilling operations could be performed with an exposed fiberglass casing, despite high expected wear.

This paper will lay out how a feasible strategy was planned, utilizing advanced wear prediction techniques for drilling inside fiberglass casing.

The study was conducted by CFG (compagnie Française de Géothermie) and funded by ADEME (Agence de la transition écologique)

Methods

To achieve an accurate wear prediction three parameters are required: (1) Trajectory and actual tortuosity (2) Wear factors (3) Operations (number of rotations and distance slided).

Tortuosity was calibrated on offset wells (Aichinger, 2021) and expected operations were covered in scenario analyses.

Wear factors were determined using field calibration and laboratory testing. The field calibration was performed on three offset wells using an internal diameter interpretation method in which the wear is measured against the most probable elliptical casing shape and herby allowing wear measurement avoiding bias error. (Aichinger, 2016) The laboratory tests were conducted in Mines ParisTech / Armines including different fiberglass types, protectors, sideforce amplitude, rotation speed and lubricant.

Based on the derived parameters various drilling scenarios and the associated wear levels were simulated to decide on a drilling strategy.

Results, Observations, Conclusions

The main results are:

The main conclusions are:

Novel/Additive Information

This paper should provide help to Engineers who plan to perform drilling operations inside fiberglass casing, mainly by providing Wear Factors, but also general guidelines on wear prediction and mitigation techniques.
Innovative Monobore Solid Expandable Tubular System for Isolating Severe Losses
Authors: Zhan Guodong David , Aljohar Abdulwahab S , Xu Jianhui , Li Bodong , Guo Huijuan
Published: August 2022

The monobore solid expandable tubular (MSET) system, which maintains the same drift as the previous casing and enables the operator to maintain an original drilling plan to total depth, is the next generation solid expandable tubular technology - the most advanced expandable liner system available typically to isolate severe losses or trouble zones while drilling. To address the major technical challenges of a large expansion ratio required to meet MSET requirement, and able to deliver potential longer MSET liner without a concern of premature expansion problem, this paper presents an innovative solution consisting of a safe release mechanism (SRM) for running MSET incorporating a dual-stage expansion mechanism.

This paper presents an innovative approach to the reliability of this mechanism based on Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulation and indoor tests, as well as a dual-stage expansion process. The dual-stage expansion offers the advantage of a relative ease on the expandable thread when undergoing a large physical expansion, and therefore leads to a less risk of thread failure during the expansion process. The new SRM transfers the weight of the MSET from the cone surface to a collet-finger type plug-in structure, which can be unlocked by hydraulic pressure when the MSET is run to the intended depth.

Based on the result of simulation, an indoor test was conducted and the load capacity of SRM was up to 109 tons, which is safe for at least 1,000 ft MSET. The newly developed tubular with proprietary expandable thread was successfully deployed with a better than expected quality, enabling a successful run of quite long 2,250 feet expandable liner with a steady expansion pressure, and post expansion pressure test without any problem, and as expected, delivered a designed post expansion pipe ID. Most importantly the deployment of expandable liner resolved the severe loss drilling problem, enabled to raise mud weight from 1.05g/cm3 to 1.78g/ cm3,met the requirement of allowing drilling with 190.5mm (7-1/2″) bit and enabled drilling operation to resume and continue drilling a horizontal section without any major problem.

This paper presents a combined (computer simulation and indoor tests for calibration) approach to conducting an advanced monobore solid expandable tubular technology development. The innovative safe release mechanism and dual-stage expansion process assures the application success of the MSET system in optimizing well casing designs for effectively addressing challenges in severe drilling losses.
High-Resolution Remote Mapping of Thin Sand Lobes with Novel Multilayer Mapping-While-Drilling Tool: A Case Study from Nong Yao Field Offshore Thailand
Authors: Thurawat Chaiyos , Teeratananon Wirot , Ampaiwan Tianpan , Carter Raweewan , Phaophongklai Wattanaporn , Vimolsubsin Pojana , Watcharanantakul Rattana , Wang Haifeng , Foongthongcharoen Trinant , Alang Khairul Anuar
Published: August 2022

The recent development drilling campaign at Mubadala Petroleum's offshore Nong Yao field faced many challenges, one of which is the complexity of the reservoir which consists of mixed sand-shale sequencies with thin sand lobes of varying thicknesses. To tackle these challenges and to maximize recovery, Mubadala Petroleum planned four horizontal wells for this campaign. However, the conventional methods of geosteering have limitations. For instance, the distance-to-boundary mapping tool typically does not provide large enough depth-of-investigation for the operator to see through the interbedded shale layer to identify the multiple target sand lobes, which could pose limits on the production optimization and ultimately on the final recovery rate.

Fortunately, a new technology emerged at the start of the campaign with a potential for a much larger depth of investigation and a better mapping resolution. This multilayer mapping-while-drilling tool was an extension of the previous tool with additional sensors that could read deeper into the formation. Coupled with a new advanced automatic inversion process which utilizes powerful Cloud computing, the subsurface formation resistivity profiles around the wellbore could be mapped clearly up to 25 ft away from the tool, while providing a multilayer mapping with up to 8-layer mapping capability.

This new technology was evaluated and applied in two wells in this campaign to resolve the above-mentioned challenges. The result was a resounding success for the Mubadala led drilling team. In this paper, the authors explain the technology, the process of evaluating and applying it to operation, and the results from applying it.

This was the first time that this technology was used in Thailand and this case study summarizes a successful outcome. The mapping results from the tool will also be used to update the reservoir model during the post-job phase and provide improvements of the overall reservoir characterization of the field.
Challenges of a HPHT Completion Design with Extreme H2S and CO2 in a Carbonate Gas Development
Authors: Grant CW Graham , Piyakunkiat Nuttapon , Bandyopadhyay Parthasarathi , Wejwittayaklung Kittipat , Ong Swee Hong Gary , Manson James , Konganuntragul Pornchuda , Abdul Rashid Khairul , Toempromraj Wararit , Chanpen Chakrit , Bin Hamdan Mohamad Kamal , Jantasuwanna Prapaporn , Lewis David
Published: August 2022

Field-X is a large offshore gas structure located 50 nautical miles from Miri City, Malaysia. The reservoir is a High-Pressure High-Temperature (HPHT) carbonate formation with high contaminants i.e., 1.8% mol of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) and 18% mol of Carbon Dioxide (CO2). This paper dwells on the completion design for the high-rate wells planned for this development. Exploration and appraisal wells showed severe reservoir properties that are "unique" as compared to other HPHT developments around the world. A multidisciplinary engineering team including HPHT drilling and completion specialists, production technologists, reservoir engineers, external specialist consultants, and facilities engineers are all working with a One Team One Goal mindset to address the challenges of completing this carbonate reservoir.

Some of the completion design challenges addressed in this paper are Annular Pressure Management (APM) systems, perforation strategy for long intervals, well intervention philosophy, compaction and subsidence loading, thermal well interference due to the proximity of the platform well slots, HPHT monobore completion equipment design, qualification, and availability due to a very limited number of suppliers with long lead times. Another critical challenge addressed in this paper is an extensive material selection process to withstand the extremely corrosive well fluids, high temperature, and potential material cracking that historically has led to catastrophic consequences.

As a result of the environment, exotic tubular materials are proposed based on intensive laboratory tests and computer simulations. Three-dimensional time history geomechanical and reservoir models explicitly detail the displacement compaction field which the downhole tubulars will be exposed in their lifetimes. Any annular pressure build-up will be handled by an APM system addressing the A, B, and C annuli with a permanent downhole gauge (PDG) installed for pressure and temperature monitoring tubing and annuli. These are some examples of the well design challenges tackled and resolved.

The project is currently at the design phase, and all the thought process and design philosophies would be tested in this field. The authors wish that the lessons learned, engineering approaches, and design results will be useful in future sour HPHT completion developments.
The First Application of Permanent Tubing Patch Milling With Very Narrow Clearance in a Slimhole well with a Newly Engineered Pilot Mill Bit Design for Coiled Tubing, Offshore Thailand
Authors: Nimsuk Monchai , Tipapong Treepun , Somjai Surapong , Kreethapon Thanawee , Jiemsawat Nophadol , Daohmareeyor Tuanangkoon , Kangsadarn Arweephan , Wattanasuwankorn Reawat , Phayakrangsee Prapas
Published: August 2022

The permanent tubing patch is a primary method widely used to isolate water production zones, especially in slim-hole wells. As the name implies, the permanent tubing patch is non-retrievable equipment and presents a significant challenge when removal is needed. None of the global records of permanent tubing patches installed in slim-hole wells demonstrate successful removal. This paper will discuss the methods used to achieve the first-ever Coiled Tubing (CT) milling of a permanent tubing patch in a slim-hole well.

CT was selected to convey the BHA for milling the tubing patch sealing section. An eccentric pilot milling bit (2.780 in OD) was carefully designed as it needed to pass an ID restriction (2.813 in) in the Downhole Safety Valve (DHSV) while still being able to peel off the tubing patch sealing ID (2.250 in) until reaching the full drift of tubing ID (2.992 in) and ensure that the tubing wall would not be damaged during the milling operation. Once the tubing patch sealing section was removed, a braided-line (WL) operation was run to pull free and retrieve the tubing patch body to surface. The well was then restored to enable further intervention and production.

CT performed the milling operation flawlessly, and a carefully designed surface equipment stack-up design provided downhole tool deployment accessibility and convenience for both CT and WL intervention. Nitrified fluid was used with CT to mitigate loss problems in several depleted zones above the milling depth. As a result, the tubing patch seal was successfully milled without jeopardizing the tubing integrity. Once the tubing patch seal element was successfully removed and the patch body became free, the WL was deployed through the CT stack to fish the tubing patch body.

This is the first-ever operation to remove and retrieve a permanent tubing patch to the surface in this way without damaging the primary completion. Its success results from a well-thought-out pilot mill bit design and careful execution. This case study can now be shared across the industry to improve intervention efficiency and minimize the chance of early plug and abandonment due to permanent tubing patch removal issues.
Digitalization and Automation of the Planning and Execution of Well Construction Process
Authors: Ruzhnikov Alexey , Echevarria Edgar , Phan Choon Kit
Published: August 2022

Well construction process can be presented as a set of the routine and repetitive actions which should be repeated at the planning, execution and evaluation stages. The manuscript describes how in the effort with major operating company the well planning stage was converted to a complete digital path; and how the digitalization of the planning was further transferred to the automated execution.

Planning a well normally done with different computer software, where the data gathered from different engineering software should be input, as well as required drilling fluid, cementing and directional job plans and limits etc., followed by the written operational sequence. In the reviewed case all the planning was shifted to the cloud environment, including all simulations and reviews, where no "merge" of the data was required. All the required simulations are performed automatically, flagging those with the results out of the limit. The operational steps were detailed, and further connected to the rig Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) system, where multiple operations started to be performed in automatic mode, without any intervention from the rig crew (like survey, drilling parameters automatically adjusted to the sock and vibration, stick and slip, seeking for the best rate of penetration, driller's tasks while drilling, backreaming of stand etc.).

The implementation of the digital planning allowed to align all stockholders involved during design stage, minimize human mistakes, and significantly decrease the planning time. The noticeable side effect is absence of any physical paper and as well as higher transparency during preparation. At the execution stage at the begging of the implementation the main benefit came from the standardization of the practices at the rig, what lead to absence of discrepancies. It further resulted in delivery of the all the wells under the same time with very minimum difference. And the final positive result came from the absence of any major service quality event (like stuck pipe) during automated operations. As of now the different levels of digitalization are implemented in 16 rigs, with further current expansion.

The manuscript provides the novel information on the digitalization and automation of the well construction process. The explained methodology can be implemented at any project worldwide.
A Successful Water Shut Off using a Thixotropic Treatment in a Sub Hydrostatic and Highly Aromatic Well, Results in Increased Gas Production of 30% and Reduced Water Production of 63%, Vietnam
Authors: Daohmareeyor Tuanangkoon , Nguyen Tran Thang , Wattanasuwankorn Reawat , Kim Young Sig , Nguyen Tan Khoa
Published: August 2022

An offshore operator in Vietnam faced high water production in a sub-hydrostatic and highly aromatic gas well. In addition to low productivity, the high water cut also strained the water treatment facility. Previous treatment attempts to shut off the high water-producing zones have been unsuccessful due to challenging well conditions.

[EB1]With the treatment facility reaching maximum capacity, and expansion of the water treatment capacity being a time-consuming and costly option, a subsurface well intervention was chosen as the most effective way to reduce water production from the well. The well had complex reservoir characteristics due to highly depleted zones that made treatment placement even more complicated, increasing the risk for the operation. The well produces aromatics, and using packers for isolation reduces the packer element sealing performance. Due to the high deviation angle, a Thixotropic Organically Crosslinked Polymer (TOCP) was designed and pumped for the high water-producing zones.

A customized solution using a TOCP with extensive laboratory testing was found to be the most suitable treatment design for this well. The new placement technique provided prevention of losses to the depleted zones. The thixotropic treatment provided higher viscosity when pumping stopped, allowing the polymer to seal off at the target zone. As a result of the treatment, the well responded positively. The operator significantly reduced produced water from 5,000 BPD to 2,000 BPD, accommodating the capacity of the water treatment facility. Meanwhile, gas production also increased from 4.6 M SCFD to 6.1 M SCFD, reducing the possibility of the well getting loaded up during platform shutdown.

The careful engineering design and laboratory testing played a significant part in the successful campaign, with collaboration from the operator and service company leading this campaign to be a successful project. This approach and solution can help enhance production performance and reduce the cost associated with water production.