bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Kazhdan–Lusztig order on cells and families
Authors: Geck Meinolf
Published: October 2012

We consider the set Irr(
W
) of (complex) irreducible characters of a finite Coxeter group
W
. The Kazhdan–Lusztig theory of cells gives rise to a partition of Irr(
W
) into “families” and to a natural partial order

\leq_{\mathcal{LR}}

on these families. Following an idea of Spaltenstein, we show that

\leq_{\mathcal{LR}}

can be characterised (and effectively computed) in terms of standard operations in the character ring of
W
. If, moreover,
W
is the Weyl group of an algebraic group
G
, then

\leq_{\mathcal{LR}}

can be interpreted, via the Springer correspondence, in terms of the closure relation among the “special” unipotent classes of
G
.
Patching and local-global principles for homogeneous spaces over function fields of $p$-adic curves
Authors: Colliot-Thélène Jean-Louis , Parimala Raman , Suresh Venapally
Published: October 2012

Let

F=K(X)

be the function field of a smooth projective curve over a

p

-adic field

K

. To each rank one discrete valuation of

F

one may associate the completion

F_v

. Given an

F

-variety

Y

which is a homogeneous space of a connected reductive group

G

over

F

, one may wonder whether the existence of

F_v

-points on

Y

for each

v

is enough to ensure that

Y

has an

F

-point. In this paper we prove such a result in two cases:

(i)

Y

is a smooth projective quadric and

p

is odd.

(ii) The group

G

is the extension of a reductive group over the ring of integers of

K

, and

Y

is a principal homogeneous space of

G

.

An essential use is made of recent patching results of Harbater, Hartmann and Krashen. There is a connection to injectivity properties of the Rost invariant and a result of Kato.
Geometric optics and instability for NLS and Davey–Stewartson models
Authors: Carles Rémi , Dumas Eric , Sparber Christof
Published: October 2012

We study the interaction of (slowly modulated) high frequency waves for multi-dimensional nonlinear Schr¨odinger equations with gauge invariant power-law nonlinearities and nonlocal perturbations. The model includes the Davey–Stewartson system in its elliptic-elliptic and hyperbolic-elliptic variants. Our analysis reveals a new localization phenomenon for nonlocal perturbations in the high frequency regime and allows us to infer strong instability results on the Cauchy problem in negative order Sobolev spaces, where we prove norm inflation with infinite loss of regularity by a constructive approach.
The Kähler Ricci flow on Fano manifolds (I)
Authors: Chen Xiuxiong , Wang Bing
Published: October 2012

We study the evolution of pluri-anticanonical line bundles

K_M^{-\nu}

along the Kähler Ricci flow on a Fano manifold

M

. Under some special conditions, we show that the convergence of this flow is determined by the properties of the pluri-anticanonical divisors of

M

. For example, the Kähler Ricci flow on

M

converges when

M

is a Fano surface satisfying

c_1^2(M)=1

or

c_1^2(M)=3

. Combined with the works in [CW1] and [CW2], this gives a Ricci flow proof of the Calabi conjecture on Fano surfaces with reductive automorphism groups. The original proof of this conjecture is due to Gang Tian in [Tian90].
Diophantine equations with binary recurrences associated to the Brocard–Ramanujan problem
Authors: Szalay László
Published: October 2012

In this paper, applying the Primitive Divisor Theorem, we solve completely the diophantine equation

G_{n_1}G_{n_2}\dots G_{n_k}+1=G_m^2

in non-negative integers

k>0

,

m

and

n_1 < n_2 < \dots < n_k

if the binary recurrence

\{G_n\}_{n=0}^\infty

is either the Fibonacci sequence, or the Lucas sequence, or it satisfies the recurrence relation

G_n=AG_{n-1} - G_{n-2}

with

G_0=0

,

G_1=1

and an arbitrary positive integer

A

. The more specific case

G_{n}G_{n+1}\dots G_{n+k-1}+1=G_m^2

was investigated by Marques [3] in
Portugaliae Mathematica
in the case of the Fibonacci sequence.
Strong Solutions for Two-Sided Parabolic Variational Inequalities Related to an Elliptic Part of $p$-Laplacian Type
Authors: Mastroeni Loretta , Matzeu Michele
Published: October 2012

A class of parabolic variational inequalities with two obstacles related to an elliptic part of
p
-Laplacian type is considered. A result of existence and uniqueness of strong solutions is given. Moreover some estimates of Lewy-Stampacchia's type are obtained for these solutions, which can be used in order to get regularity results.
Existence of Infinite Energy Solutions of Degenerate Elliptic Equations
Authors: Moscariello Gioconda , Passarelli di Napoli Antonia , Porzio Maria Michaela
Published: October 2012

We establish an existence theorem for infinite energy solutions of degenerate elliptic equations whose right hand side belongs to a Orlicz-Zygmund class. The function which measures the degree of degeneracy of the problem is assumed to be exponentially integrable. We also study the regularity of the solution when the right hand side belongs to a suitable Lebesgue space.
Minding the gaps: Examining skill shortages in Australian rural non-agricultural workplaces
Authors: Bryant Lia , Jaworski Katrina
Published: October 2012

This article examines skills shortage in rural Australian mining and food and beverage processing industries by analyzing the concept of skill and differentiating between gaps in skills and skill shortages. Drawing on Acker's sociological concept of inequality regimes, we analyze workforce profiles informed by the Australian Bureau of Statistics data, and qualitative interview data with human resource personnel. Emphasis is given to gender and Indigeneity, and the recruitment and retention practices by place and organization. We argue that the term ‘skill shortage’ is contentious as current workforce profiles are narrow and thereby exclude segments of the rural labor market. We also argue that underlying assumptions about gender and race in organizations need to be addressed for rural-based organizations to more fully utilize the available workforce.
The impact of comparative state-directed development on working conditions and employee satisfaction
Authors: Westover Jonathan H
Published: October 2012

In this research, I apply and extend Kohli's (2004) state-directed development framework to better understand country-level factors influencing cross-national differences in job characteristics and job satisfaction. Prior research has indicated that the nature of work has changed dramatically in recent years in response to economic shifts and an increasingly global economy. However, there is little agreement on whether the overall quality of work has improved or declined over that period and little is known about the overall comparative quality of work and job satisfaction across the global economy. In this study I use non-panel longitudinal data from the International Social Survey Program (ISSP 1989, 1997, 2005 – survey questions on job characteristics and job quality) and various country-contextual variables. This article explores the impact of state-directed development on job satisfaction, first identifying and explaining the foundations of the statist literature, and then using various statistical methods to test for statistically significant impact and variation across countries.
Facilitating a deep approach to learning: An innovative case assessment technique
Authors: Jayashree Payyazhi , Mitra Sumit
Published: October 2012

This research is an attempt to explore the impact of an innovative case assessment technique on a deep versus surface approach to learning as adopted by a large cohort of undergraduate management students studying in a reputed University. Specifically, a case assessment incorporating peer assessment in the form of a Case Challenge was introduced by the researchers to enhance deep learning, as an innovation to compartmentalized approaches to case assessment that may foster surface-level approaches to learning. Data collected through structured interviews suggest that inclusion of a challenge component in case analyses, directed and led by a peer group, substantially increased the level of preparation and ownership assumed by both the presenting team and challenging team in their own learning as also learning for the rest of the class. Results are discussed in the context of contemporary literature on learning-oriented assessment in general and the impact of peer assessments on deep versus surface approaches to learning in particular.
How emotional climate in teams affects workplace effectiveness in individualistic and collectivistic contexts
Authors: Härtel Charmine EJ , Liu Xiao-Yu
Published: October 2012

Despite a prolific research literature on the question of what makes teams effective, the literature is still limited on the role that team level emotions play in this process. In this article, we argue that the construct of workgroup emotional climate (WEC) provides a useful perspective from which to examine this matter. Following a discussion of the importance of considering emotions in organizational studies generally and team research, specifically, we draw on evidence of cultural differences in emotional experience and expression to develop a model explicating how cultural orientation can impact on the relationship between WEC and workgroup effectiveness. The model presented in the paper represents a significant development in our understanding of the role of cultural differences, specifically the influence of the individualism–collectivism identity orientation, in WEC and its relationship to workgroup effectiveness. Future directions for research and practice arising from the model are also presented.
A unified approach to aerosol remote sensing and type specification in the infrared
Authors: Clarisse L. , Coheur P.-F. , Prata F. , Hadji-Lazaro J. , Hurtmans D. , Clerbaux C.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols impact air quality and global climate. Space based measurements are the best way to observe their spatial and temporal distributions, and can also be used to gain better understanding of their chemical, physical and optical properties. Aerosol composition is the key parameter affecting the refractive index, which determines how much radiation is scattered and absorbed. Composition of aerosols is unfortunately not measured by state of the art satellite remote sounders. Here we use high resolution infrared measurements for aerosol type differentiation, exploiting, in that part of spectrum, the dependency of their refractive index on wavelength. We review existing detection methods and present a unified detection method based on linear discrimination analysis. We demonstrate this method on measurements of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and six different aerosol types, namely volcanic ash, windblown sand, ice crystals, sulfuric acid droplets, ammonium sulfate and smoke particles. The detection of the last three types is unprecedented in the infrared in nadir mode, but is very promising, especially for sulfuric acid droplets which are detected in the lower troposphere and up to 6 months after injection in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere.
Constraining the temperature history of the past millennium using early instrumental observations
Authors: Brohan P. , Allan R. , Freeman E. , Wheeler D. , Wilkinson C. , Williamson F.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. The current assessment that twentieth-century global temperature change is unusual in the context of the last thousand years relies on estimates of temperature changes from natural proxies (tree-rings, ice-cores, etc.) and climate model simulations. Confidence in such estimates is limited by difficulties in calibrating the proxies and systematic differences between proxy reconstructions and model simulations. As the difference between the estimates extends into the relatively recent period of the early nineteenth century it is possible to compare them with a reliable instrumental estimate of the temperature change over that period, provided that enough early thermometer observations, covering a wide enough expanse of the world, can be collected. One organisation which systematically made observations and collected the results was the English East India Company (EEIC), and their archives have been preserved in the British Library. Inspection of those archives revealed 900 log-books of EEIC ships containing daily instrumental measurements of temperature and pressure, and subjective estimates of wind speed and direction, from voyages across the Atlantic and Indian Oceans between 1789 and 1834. Those records have been extracted and digitised, providing 273 000 new weather records offering an unprecedentedly detailed view of the weather and climate of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The new thermometer observations demonstrate that the large-scale temperature response to the Tambora eruption and the 1809 eruption was modest (perhaps 0.5 °C). This provides an out-of-sample validation for the proxy reconstructions – supporting their use for longer-term climate reconstructions. However, some of the climate model simulations in the CMIP5 ensemble show much larger volcanic effects than this – such simulations are unlikely to be accurate in this respect.
“Arando el aire”
Authors: Silva Erwin
Published: October 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/cultura.v18i57.807Cultura de Paz • Año XVIII • N° 57 • Mayo - Agosto 2012 P / 60
Heat Transfer to Magnetohydrodynamic Non-Newtonian Couple Stress Pulsatile Flow Between two Parallel Porous Plates
Authors: Adesanya Samuel Olumide , Makinde Oluwole Daniel
Published: October 2012

This paper investigates the effect of radiative heat transfer to oscillatory hydromagnetic non- Newtonian couple stress fluid flow through a porous channel with non-uniform wall temperature due to periodic heat input at the heated wall. Based on some simplifying assumptions, the dimensionless partial differential equations are transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations and then solved using the Adomian decomposition method. The effects of the flow parameters on temperature and velocity profiles are shown graphically and discussed.
Fibrolamellar Carcinoma: 2012 Update
Authors: Torbenson Michael
Published: October 2012

Fibrolamellar carcinomas are a unique type of primary liver cancer. They occur most commonly in children and young adults. Their etiology remains a mystery, as they are not associated with chronic liver disease. Fibrolamellar carcinomas are not indolent tumors, but have an overall better prognosis than typical hepatocellular carcinomas, in part because of the younger age at presentation and the lack of cirrhosis. The most important prognostic feature is whether the tumor is resectable. Histologically, the tumor is made up of large cells that contain abundant mitochondria. The nuclei of the tumor cells have prominent nucleoli. The tumor cells induce the formation of extensive intratumoral fibrosis, which often grows in parallel, or lamellar bands. The tumor cells clearly show hepatocellular features but are also unique in showing both biliary and neuroendocrine differentiation. The uniqueness of fibrolamellar carcinoma extends to their molecular findings. While the genetic abnormalities that lead to fibrolamellar carcinomas are not yet known, studies have shown that they lack mutations in the genes most commonly mutated in typical hepatocellular carcinoma (TP53andCTNNB1). In this paper, the clinical, pathological, and basic science literature on fibrolamellar carcinoma is comprehensively reviewed. Key areas of needed research are also discussed.
Epidemiological profile of 277 patients with facial fractures treated at the emergency room at the ENT Department of Hospital do Trabalhador in Curitiba/PR, in 2010
Authors: Ballin Carlos Roberto , Moraes Rafael Souza , Ykeda Ronnie Barreto Arrais , Miksza Alana Farias , Ykeda Renier Barreto Arrais
Published: October 2012

Introduction: Epidemiological studies that focus on facial injuries are of great interest for the knowledge of occurrence and severity of presentation.

Aim: To study the epidemiological profile of 277 patients who suffered facial fractures at the Hospital do Trabalhador (HT), with an emphasis on variables such as sex, age, cause, and anatomical sites of fractures, comparing the clinical findings with other studies.

Method: Retrospective nonrandomized chart review of 277 patients who were treated at HT by the ENT service during the full year 2010, victims of facial fractures.

Results: Of 277 patients, 74.72% were male and 25.27% female (ratio 3:1). According to age, the fractures were distributed as follows: 0–9 years: 4.69%, 10–19 years: 17.32%, 20–29 years: 23.82%, 30–39 years: 20.21%, 40–49 years: 16.24%, 50–59 years: 10.83%, 60–69 years: 3.97%, and 60–79 years: 2.88%. The cause of trauma was most frequently interpersonal violence, 36.45%, followed by falls, 23.09%, and motor vehicle crashes with 17.32%. Regarding location, nasal fracture was the most common, with 44.75%, followed by the mandible, 14.32%, orbit, 12.78%, maxillary, 12.02%, zygomatic, 9.97%, 3.32% and front Le Fort 2.88%.

Conclusion: The patients were mostly males, aged 21–30 years, victims of aggression with the most commonly fractured bone being the nose. The adoption of personal and public strategies and measures may prevent facial fractures.
Vestibular schwannoma: 825 cases from a 25-year experience
Authors: Pinna Mariana Hausen , Neto Rubens Vuono de Brito , Bento Ricardo Ferreira
Published: October 2012

Introduction: Acoustic nerve tumors have been recognized as a clinico-pathologic entity for at least 200 years, and they represent 90% of cerebellopontine angle diseases. Histologically, the tumors are derived from Schwann cells of the myelin sheath, with smaller tumors consisting of elongated palisade cells, while in large tumors, cystic degeneration can be found in the central areas, possibly due to deficient vascularization. We retrospectively reviewed 825 cases of vestibular schwannomas, reported between January 1984 and August 2006, in which the patients underwent surgery to remove the tumor.

Objective: To evaluate signs, symptoms, aspects of clinical diagnosis, including the results of audiological and imaging studies, and surgical techniques and complications.

Methods: A retrospective chart review. The medical records of all patients undergoing surgical treatment for schwannoma during the period indicated were reviewed.

Results and Conclusion: Hearing loss was the first symptom reported in almost all cases, and tumor size was not proportional to the impairment of the auditory threshold. The surgical techniques allowed safe preservation of facial function. In particular, the retrolabyrinthine route proved useful in small tumors, with 50% preservation of hearing.
Respiratory muscle strength in asthmatic children
Authors: Marcelino Alessandra Maria Farias Cavalcante , da Cunha Daniele Andrade , da Cunha Renata Andrade , da Silva Hilton Justino
Published: October 2012

Introduction: Changes in the respiratory system of asthmatics are also due to the mechanical disadvantage caused by the increased airway resistance.

Objective: The study aims to evaluate the respiratory muscle strength and nutritional status of asthmatic children.

Method: This is a prospective descriptive and transversal study with 50 children aged 7 to 12 years, who were placed into 2 groups, asthmatic and non-asthmatic. Respiratory muscle strength was evaluated on the basis of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP). The nutritional status was evaluated by measuring the anthropometric data, including height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). The findings were subjected to analysis of variance, chi-square, and Student's t test, and p-values < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: In our comparisons, we observed statistically significantly lower values for age, weight, and height in asthmatic patients: 8.52 ± 1.49 years, 30.62 ± 7.66 kg, and 129.85 ± 10.24 cm, respectively, vs. non-asthmatic children(9.79 ± 1.51 years, 39.92 ± 16.57 kg, and 139.04 ± 11.62 cm, respectively). There was no significant increase in MIP and MEP between the groups: MIP was -84.96 ± 27.52 cmH2O for the asthmatic group and -88.56 ± 26.50 cmH2O for the non-asthmatic group, and MEP was 64.48 ± 19.23 cmH2O for asthmatic children and +66.72 ± 16.56 cmH2O for non-asthmatics.

Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference between groups, but we observed that MIP and MEP were slightly higher in the non-asthmatic group than in the asthmatic group.
Pharyngeal swallowing phase and chronic cough
Authors: Costa Cintia Conceição , Jesus Paulo Roberto de Oliveira , Trindade Mateus Silva , Weiss Guilherme , Neto Abdias Baptista M. , da Silva Ana Maria T. , Mancopes Renata , Drozdz Daniela Rejane Constantino
Published: October 2012

Introduction: The act of swallowing depends on a complex and dynamic process which uses common structures to the act of breathing; respiratory problems can cause swallowing difficulties.

Aim: To assess the swallowing pharyngeal phase in patients with chronic cough.

Method: Retrospective study with 15 patients of both genders, patients with chronic cough and risk factors for aspiration defined by the pneumologic diagnosis. The patients were submitted to anamnesis on complaints related to swallowing, chewing and breathing, or related to food and to videofluoroscopic examination.

Results: It was observed that 33.3% had normal and functional swallowing, being the last one of most prevalence. The mild dysphagia was observed in 20% of the patients, the mild to moderate dysphagia in 6.7% of them. In relation to the Rosenbek scale, 73.3% of patients presented degree 1, 6.7% presented degrees 2 and 3, and 13.3% presented degree 8. The most found pathology was the chronic cough with 40%, followed by asthma with 20%; 69.2% of patients presented stasis and of these, five used protection maneuvers, of these, seven were effective and only three were used in the presence of stasis. The most used maneuver was the multiple swallowing, being effective in 100%.

Conclusion: There are peculiarities in the patients' swallowing with chronic cough that, although not presenting complaints relating to swallowing, it presents an important aspiration risk due to the presence of changes in breathing pattern that can intervene in the coordination between breathing and swallowing, which is essential to protect the lower airway.
L’emprise des titres scolaires sur l’emploi chez les membres de minorités visibles : comparaison entre le Québec et l’Ontario
Authors: Kamanzi Pierre Canisius
Published: October 2012

Plusieurs études ont soutenu l’hypothèse d’une discrimination ethnique à l’endroit des membres des minorités visibles au Canada. Elles ont montré qu’en dépit de leurs niveaux de qualification élevés, ces derniers exercent des emplois socialement moins valorisés et perçoivent des revenus inférieurs à ceux des autres Canadiens. Peu d’études se sont cependant intéressées à la discrimination ethnique sous l’angle de la relation entre l’emploi occupé et le niveau de qualification. L’article examine cette question chez les membres des minorités visibles qui détiennent des diplômes universitaires obtenus au Canada à partir des données de l’Enquête nationale de Statistique Canada auprès des diplômés de l’an 2000 et compare la situation des répondants résidant au Québec et en Ontario. Selon les résultats, à scolarité équivalente, les membres des minorités visibles sont plus susceptibles que les autres d’exercer des emplois pour lesquels ils sont surqualifiés. La situation varie cependant selon la province de résidence et le groupe minoritaire auquel appartient l’individu. Ces résultats nous incitent à remettre en question, du moins en partie, la théorie du capital humain et à faire appel à d’autres théories, notamment les théories du capital social et de la discrimination dans l’interprétation de ces résultats.
Jeunes Français au Québec
Authors: Papinot Christian , Le Her Mélanie , Vilbrod Alain
Published: October 2012

Cet article analyse, à partir d’une quarantaine d’entretiens, les significations que les jeunes Français donnent à leurs trajectoires d’insertion professionnelle au Québec, à travers leurs usages des dispositifs d’aide aux nouveaux arrivants. L’hypothèse principale avancée pour expliquer que ceux-ci soient peu investis par les jeunes Français renvoie à la logique d’assistance dans laquelle ils les placeraient, contrariant aussi bien le souhait d’expérimenter une autonomie revendiquée, que celui de se défaire d’un statut « à part ». Au fond, cette faible utilisation des dispositifs d’aide aux immigrants renvoiein fineau sens de l’expérience migratoire des Français au Québec pour qui, contrairement à bien d’autres communautés nationales, l’option du retour est rarement exclue sans être nécessairement synonyme d’échec : la tranche de vie au Québec peut ainsi prendre le sens d’une « parenthèse biographique », d’une période moratoire avant une stabilisation adulte et/ou capitalisation d’une expérience à l’internationale.
Enquête sur les relations problématiques entre Français et Québécois francophones1
Authors: Dupuis Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2012

Dans tout ce qui s’est écrit sur les relations entre le Québec et la France, nous trouvons fréquemment la mention de problèmes relationnels entre les individus des deux sociétés qui culminent très souvent dans l’expression du « maudit Français », façon toute québécoise d’exprimer le malaise. Au coeur de ce malaise, il y aurait l’attitude de méfiance des Québécois francophones envers les Français. Cette méfiance existerait depuis fort longtemps selon plusieurs auteurs. Nous avons nous-mêmes trouvé ce malaise bien vivant dans les entretiens que nous avons effectués auprès d’une vingtaine de professionnels français de la gestion vivant et travaillant au Québec en 2004. Dans ce texte, nous explorons cette question par le biais d’une enquête que nous avons effectuée en 2009 auprès de 930 Français vivant et travaillant au Québec. Nos résultats indiquent que le malaise est toujours fortement ressenti par une bonne proportion d’entre eux. Il semble que ceux qui le ressentent le plus fortement sont ceux venus principalement pour le travail alors que ceux venus pour la qualité de vie ou l’expérience culturelle le ressentent beaucoup moins fortement.
Mondialisation, travail et précarisation : le travail migrant temporaire au coeur de la dynamique de centrifugation de l’emploi vers les marchés périphériques du travail
Authors: Noiseux Yanick
Published: October 2012

Trois exemples de programmes gouvernementaux favorisant l’essor du travail migrant en régime dérogatoire sur les marchés périphériques du travail sont ici examinés : 1) les travailleurs agricoles saisonniers migrants embauchés dans le cadre du Programme des travailleurs agricoles saisonniers (PTAS) ; 2) les aides domestiques migrantes embauchées dans le cadre du Programme des aides familiaux résidants (PAFR) ; 3) les travailleurs migrants temporaires dits « non qualifiés » embauchés dans le cadre du Projet pilote relatif aux professions exigeant un niveau réduit de formation. Dans l’après-fordisme, la logique de flexibilisation place le travail migrant temporaire au coeur d’une dynamique de précarisation par la centrifugation de l’emploi vers les marchés périphériques du travail. De plus, on observe l’instrumentalisation de cette main-d’oeuvre au rabais, non seulement exploitée, mais, encore, dans une stratégie d’éclatement d’un régime de travail de type universaliste.
Les inégalités « ethnoraciales » dans l’accès à l’emploi à Montréal : le poids de la discrimination1
Authors: Eid Paul
Published: October 2012

Dans cette étude reposant sur la méthode du testing, 581 paires de CV fictifs ont été envoyées en réponse à de véritables offres d’emplois dans des secteurs d’emploi qualifiés et peu qualifiés. Les CV appariés étaient similaires sous tous les rapports, hormis que l’un indiquait un nom « franco-québécois », et l’autre un nom tantôt arabe, tantôt latino-américain et africain. À profil égal, le candidat majoritaire a au moins 60 % plus de chances d’être invité à un entretien que les candidats des minorités racisées, et un peu plus d’une fois sur trois, ces derniers risquent d’être ignorés par l’employeur sur une base discriminatoire.
Kitchen Sinks Have a History
Authors: Lucas Fiona
Published: October 2012

The kitchen sink, with its plentiful hot and cold running water, is a mundane feature of our daily lives that we take for granted—unless, that is, the water dries up or turns smelly, thereby inconveniencing our schedules or threatening our health, or unless we are considering a house purchase or renovation. The tap turns on, the water obligingly pours out; the tap turns off, the water obligingly drains away. Of course it was not always so. The advancement of kitchen sinks from dishpans filled with buckets of water to today’s carefully controlled municipal system—with its in/out pipes, hot water tanks, and on/off taps—reflects developments in plumbing technology, society’s evolving concerns about civic and moral health, and major alterations in expectations around women’s work. Although lavatory and laundry sinks were equally transformative, the focus of this paper is the kitchen sink, and the irksome daily cycle of dishwashing in Ontario homes of the 19th and 20th centuries.
Neige et Citrouille: Marché Atwater and Seasonality
Authors: Newman Lenore
Published: October 2012

After a long period of decline, urban farmers’ markets are playing a revitalized role in food distribution in North America as interest in local food increases. Such markets can reveal underlying geographies of cuisine and culture in the surrounding neighbourhoods. Marché Atwater in Montreal, Quebec, was observed over several years in different seasons to study how the space interacted with the surrounding community. Marché Atwater was found to reflect and influence the sense of seasonality in the surrounding neighbourhood of Saint-Henri. The space served as a critical gathering point in a changing urban area and acted as a point of distribution for interesting food practices. A Pecha Kucha photographic presentation is presented to capture elements of the market throughout the year; and Pecha Kucha as a geographic technique is also explored.
Le rôle des réseaux patronaux dans la diffusion de la gestion des compétences en France
Authors: Colin Thierry , Grasser Benoît
Published: October 2012

En s’inscrivant dans le cadre des approches néo-institutionnelles, cette contribution s’intéresse à l’influence exercée par les réseaux patronaux sur la diffusion des pratiques managériales, à travers l’exemple de la gestion des compétences dans les entreprises françaises. La littérature permet d’envisager les organisations d’employeurs comme des réseaux sociaux ayant un impact sur les politiques RH des entreprises, et l’étude du développement de la gestion des compétences permet d’étayer l’hypothèse d’une institutionnalisation sous influence patronale de cette pratique de gestion.

Pour proposer une évaluation de ce lien, nous nous appuyons ensuite sur une méthodologie quantitative permettant de croiser l’appartenance de membres de la direction d’une entreprise à des réseaux patronaux et la diffusion des pratiques de gestion par les compétences. Les données utilisées sont issues de l’enquête Réponse réalisée par le Ministère du Travail, et ont été collectées auprès de 3000 établissements. Cette approche permet dans un premier temps de procéder à un succinct mais inédit état des lieux des réseaux patronaux en France, puis de mesurer l’impact de l’appartenance à ces réseaux sur la mise en oeuvre de la gestion des compétences.

Les résultats montrent que près des trois quarts des établissements appartiennent à des réseaux patronaux ou bien les fréquentent, mais que derrière ce constat initial se cache une réalité multiforme et plutôt concentrée. Nous montrons ensuite que l’appartenance à des réseaux patronaux est bien un élément explicatif important du choix de mise en oeuvre d’une politique GRH orientée vers les compétences, et en particulier la participation à des clubs de DRH ou associations d’entrepreneurs. Les structures patronales les plus influentes apparaissent donc ici comme celles qui reposent davantage sur l’adhésion volontaire, la recherche de légitimité et l’échange d’outils et d’idées.
Collective Bargaining and Perceived Fairness: Validating the Conceptual Structure
Authors: Cloutier Julie , Denis Pascale L. , Bilodeau Henriette
Published: October 2012

The aim of this study is to conceptualize the “perceived fairness in the context of collective bargaining” and empirically validate its internal structure. This concept refers to employees’ justice perceptions formed during the collective bargaining process (the process of determining the employees’ working conditions when they are unionized). Drawing on the organizational justice literature, we derive a conceptualization and formulate hypotheses regarding the convergent, discriminant and predictive validity of the concept’s dimensionality. The study was conducted among faculty at a Canadian university, where the collective bargaining process took nearly two years to complete. Using confirmatory factor analyses and hierarchical regressions, we find support for discriminant, convergent, and predictive validity. The results show that the new conceptualization includes eight distinct dimensions, combining the two sources of (in)justice (employer and union) and the four types of justice perceptions: procedural, distributive, relational (interpersonal) and informational justice. Indeed, employees clearly distinguish eight justice dimensions, which have a differential effect on their attitudes: trust in the employer and satisfaction with the union.

Moreover, collective bargaining is an allocation process which encourages employees to participate actively. Because such participation might entails costs (energy, time, loss of money), employees are likely to form their justice perceptions based on not only elements from the structural model (Leventhal, 1980) and the process control model (Thibaut and Walker, 1975), but also two new justice elements: the usefulness of actions (the probability that actions force the employer to improve their offer to the expected level) and the profitability of actions (cost-benefits ratio).

Opening the black box of collective bargaining through the concept of fairness is the first step in order to understanding the attitudinal and behavioural consequences of collective bargaining after employees have returned to work.
Salaire d’embauche, négociation du contrat de travail et intermédiaires du recrutement
Authors: Bessy Christian
Published: October 2012

En France, le recul relatif de la négociation collective de branche dans la détermination du salaire, mais aussi le renouveau en droit de la figure du contrat du travail au cours de la fin des années 1980, ont redonné une marge de manoeuvre à l’employeur et à l’employé dans la détermination des termes du contrat, participant ainsi à un processus d’individualisation de la relation de travail. Les entreprises peuvent alors mieux prendre en compte les contraintes imposées par le marché du travail et, notamment, attirer des candidats compétents. Mais, pour cela, elles sont dépendantes le plus souvent des intermédiaires du placement qui ont une meilleure connaissance de l’état du marché. Or, le choix d’une stratégie de recrutement, en particulier l’arbitrage entre vitesse du recrutement et qualité de l’appariement, qui va amener à choisir un canal de recrutement ou un autre, a des conséquences sur la négociation des termes contractuels. L’objectif de ce texte est d’analyser l’effet des canaux de recrutement sur la détermination du salaire d’embauche, en examinant en particulier dans quelle mesure ils peuvent amener les agents à négocier les termes de leur contrat de travail. À partir d’une enquête statistique sur les pratiques de recrutement réalisée en 2005, auprès de 4 000 établissements français, nous estimons une équation de salaire d’embauche et montrons l’impact significatif de canaux de recrutement (comme les agences privées de placement) en plus des effets liés aux variables de « capital humain » (âge, genre, éducation, etc.) et aux caractéristiques des emplois et des entreprises. Cet impact ne serait pas simplement lié à des durées de recrutement plus longues, comme dans les modèles d’« affichage du salaire », mais au fait que certains canaux doteraient les candidats de capacités de négociation propices à la surenchère ou qu’ils amélioreraient la qualité des appariements sur le marché du travail.
Unions and Temporary Help Agency Employment
Authors: Bartkiw Timothy J.
Published: October 2012

Temporary help agency employment (THAE) is a peculiar and often precarious employment form that has become increasingly salient in Canada in recent decades. Seeking to advance both the literatures on precarious work and union renewal, this article examines the effects of the expansion of this unique employment form upon labour unions, and union responses to this phenomenon.

The study employed a qualitative exploratory method, involving twenty-four interviews with key informants from fourteen large labour unions, two union federations, and the Toronto-based workers’ centre known as the “Workers’ Action Centre.” Various effects of the expansion of THAE on unions were identified and categorized as relating to either union organizing or representation activities, and a range of union responses to the phenomenon are also discussed.

Overall, it is suggested that THAE growth carries the potential to constrain organizing and representation activities in multiple ways, although its effects are highly mediated by other contextual factors. Union responses have thus far been largely limited to incremental adjustments aimed at shoring up traditional organizing and collective bargaining practices.
Le rôle des conditions de travail dans la satisfaction et la loyauté des infirmières d’agence au Québec
Authors: Tremblay Michel , Chênevert Denis , Hébert Audrey
Published: October 2012

Depuis les dernières années, l’attrait des infirmières pour les agences de placement temporaire a connu une croissance marquée. Or, dans un contexte de rareté de la main-d’oeuvre, on peut se demander quelles sont les sources de motivation qui incitent les infirmières à choisir le travail d’intérim et à demeurer loyales envers leur agence. Prenant appui sur la classification de Tan et Tan (2002), quatre sources de motivations ont été explorées, soit les motivations individuelles ou familiales, les motivations économiques, les motivations professionnelles et les préférences personnelles. Pour les motivations familiales, cette étude s’est principalement intéressée au rôle des conditions de travail flexibles offertes par les agences de placement. En regard des motivations économiques, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’influence des conditions salariales et, en ce qui concerne les motivations professionnelles, à l’influence des possibilités de développement des compétences des infirmières d’agence. Enfin le rôle des préférences personnelles s’est limité l’étude de la charge de travail.

Les résultats de notre étude, réalisée auprès de deux échantillons, l’un provenant de 500 infirmières oeuvrant dans des agences de placement infirmier au Québec, et l’autre de 99 infirmières provenant de deux agences, ont montré que les motivations familiales et celles liées au développement professionnel avaient un effet positif sur la satisfaction des infirmières d’agence. En ce qui a trait à leur loyauté, celle-ci serait davantage liée à la flexibilité des horaires, à la formation et au développement des compétences, à la sécurité d’emploi et à la possibilité de choisir ses mandats. De bonnes conditions salariales n’apparaissent pas suffisantes à leurs yeux. Elles ne veulent pas seulement avoir de meilleures conditions économiques, ces infirmières veulent aussi une plus grande liberté de choix et sont en quête d’une plus grande autodétermination et de meilleures chances de développement professionnel.
Ocularcentric Labour: “you don’t do this for money”
Authors: Sappey Jennifer , Maconachie Glenda
Published: October 2012

This article is a response to Lansbury’s call (2009) in this journal for a re-conceptualization of work and employment. It supports Lansbury’s belief that the employment relationship cannot be understood in isolation from wider social change. Building on the tradition of emotional labour and aesthetic labour, this study introduces theoretically and empirically the concept of “ocularcentric labour” (the worker seeking the adoring gaze of the client as the primary employment reward). This paper seeks to establish: the empirical generalizability of ocularcentric labour; its conceptual differentiation with aesthetic and emotional labour; and the implications of ocularcentric labour for industrial relations and collective interest representation.

Through a study of the employment relationship in the commercial health and fitness industry in Queensland (Australia), we identify this new type of labour as one in which the worker’s primary goal is to seek the psycho-social rewards gained from exposing their own body image. This quest shapes the employment relationship (both the organization of work and the conditions of employment). We argue that for many fitness workers the goal is to gain access to the positional economy of the fitness centre to promote their celebrity. For this they are willing to trade-off standard conditions of employment and direct earnings, and exchange traditional employment rewards for the more intrinsic psycho-social rewards gained through the exposure of their physical capital to the adoration of their gazing clients. As one worker said “You don’t do this for money.” Significantly, with ocularcentric labour the worker becomes both the site of productionandconsumption.

The study draws on quantitative and qualitative data captured from the Australian health and fitness industry with one snapshot taken in 1993 and another in 2008. The conclusion draws together the key conceptual and empirical points and findings and examines the implications for the conceptualization of IR in the contemporary economy.
La coexistence de la liberté d’entreprise et de la liberté syndicale
Authors: Verge Pierre
Published: October 2012

La liberté d’entreprendre et la liberté syndicale coexistent. Comment le droit aménage-t-il cette coexistence? Examen, en premier lieu, du sort réservé à cette dernière dans le souci de protéger la liberté d’entreprendre manifesté par le Code criminel et la Loi sur la concurrence. En particulier, de la portée de l’exception syndicale contenue dans cette dernière loi et de son évolution possible. En second lieu, à titre d’exception au principe de la liberté d’entreprise, la liberté syndicale pourrait-elle faire obstacle à cette dernière dans le cas de décisions entrepreneuriales touchant à la vie de l’entreprise, en particulier sa fermeture totale ou partielle, lorsqu’elles sont motivées par des considérations antisyndicales?
Análise cariotípica em Ancistrus sp. (LORICARIIDAE: ANCISTRINI) utilizando bandeamento C, Ag-RONs e CMA3. DOI: 10.7902/ecb.v2i1.21
Authors: Reis Dinaíza Abadia Rocha , Brandão Karina De Oliveira , Almeida Toledo Lurdes Foresti de , Pazza Rubens , Kavalco Karine Frehner
Published: October 2012

O gênero Ancistrus é considerado o mais diversificado dentro da tribo Ancistrini (Loricariidae) e a análise de suas características cromossômicas constitui o objetivo deste trabalho. Os nove exemplares – cinco machos e quatro fêmeas – apresentaram número diplóide 2n=52 cromossomos para ambos os sexos e fórmula cariotípica 6M+5SM+15ST/A. O bandeamento C evidenciou dois pares de cromossomos com blocos heterocromáticos na região subtelomérica e cinco pares com região pericentromérica marcada. As Ag-RONs foram evidenciadas na mesma região que as regiões ricas em G-C. Apesar da pouca informação citogenética a cerca da tribo Ancistrini, os cromossomos são considerados pouco conservados em relação à estrutura cariotípica. O número de estudos cariotípicos está aumentando, mas ainda não são suficientes para compreender a diversidade do grupo, bem como o padrão de relacionamento entre os membros deste grupo.
Diversidade entomofaunística em três fitofisionomias de uma reserva ambiental em Coxim-MS. DOI: 10.7902/ecb.v2i1.31
Authors: Almeida Patrícia Souza de , Vieira Evandro Alves , Bispo Thaiane De Morais , Silva Geovane Cândido da
Published: October 2012

A composição das espécies de formigas dentro das comunidades é influenciada pela distribuição dos recursos a serem explorados, e também pelas estratégias utilizadas por esses indivíduos para a sua obtenção. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a importância da integridade do hábitat para a distribuição e diversidade da comunidade de formigas existentes em três fitofisionomias: Mata Ciliar, Cerrado Sensu Stricto e Cerradão. Foram utilizadas armadilhas do tipo pitfal com iscas, dispostas ordenadamente ao longo de um transecto nos três pontos escolhidos. Foram amostrados 60.266 indivíduos, distribuídos em 4 subfamílias com 14 morfoespécies. Foi observada diferença significativa entre o número de indivíduos e a época de coleta, com 29% capturados durante a seca e 71% no período chuvoso. Os maiores índices de diversidade foram obtidos para a área de Cerradão nos dois períodos de coleta denotando a maior riqueza de espécies desta fitofisionomia quando comparada aos dois outros pontos.
Globophobia
Authors: Watts Michael
Published: October 2012

Globalization has emerged, to invoke Raymond Williams (1976), as a keyword for our times, a term which in its multiple and varied meanings provides a grand narrative of the late twentieth and early twenty‐first centuries. For Williams, keywords are central components of the historical semantics of the English language, yet as cultural reference points they are unstable, often deeply contested, and are always bound up with the historical problems they seek to address. As globalization has gained popular and public currency, especially during the 1990s, the concept has been historicized—looking back to the great global movements of trade and empire across Asia and the Indian Ocean from the fifteenth century onwards—and at the same time subjected to an often acrimonious debate over competing definitions and interpretations. Globalization has been deployed as a portmanteau term to describe just about everything from the “flattening of the world” (Friedman 2005), to unregulated capital flows, to the “network society” (Castells 1996), and as a stand‐in for structural adjustment, neoliberalism, laissez‐faire capitalism, industrial and financial offshoring, and the informatics revolution. One common thread across these various discourses is a sense that globalization offers a vision of a frictionless universe, driven by the global reach of dynamic, innovative corporations, and not least by the unleashed powers of the world market which draw the entire planet into its vortex. At its base, globalization addresses the extent to which the friction of space has been overcome, a process reflected in a space of financial, economic, political, cultural, information, and technological flows, networks, and social relations. As David Held (1997: 27) puts it, globalization is a “process (or set of processes) which embodies a transformation in the spatial organization of social relations and transactions—assessed in terms of their extensivity, intensity, velocity and impact—generating transcontinental or inter regional flows and networks of activity, interaction and exercise of power.”