bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome profiling revealed multiple circadian rhythm-related genes associated with common gynecological cancers
Authors: Peng Lan , Jiang Meiping , Li Kangming , Yu Shuhui , Zhao Chunfang , Zhang Lan , Li Lan
Published: January 2025

Background

Studies have shown that more than half of the human genome expression is affected by circadian rhythms, which includes genes involved in cell cycle control, DNA repair and apoptosis that are critical in cancer biology. However, the roles of circadian rhythm-related genes (CRRGs) in cervical cancer (CC) and other common gynecologic cancers remain unclear.

Methods

The transcriptome data and clinical information related to CC and other common gynecologic cancers were extracted from the UCSC Xena and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. In this study, the differentially expressed CRRGs of CC (target genes) were obtained, and the functional enrichment analysis of these target genes was performed by “clusterProfiler”. Then, the biomarkers of CC were screened out to construct the survival risk model (risk score). Moreover, function and tumor micro-environment (TME) analyses in different risk groups were performed for further study of the potential mechanism of CC. Furthermore, the prognostic value and function analyses of biomarkers in three common gynecologic cancers were performed to reveal the potential agreement or heterogeneity regulations.

Results

A total of 19 target genes were associated with pyrimidine metabolism. The survival risk model was constructed with six biomarkers, including APOBEC3B, CDA, HELLS, RHOB, SLC15A3, and UPP1. Among these, APOBEC3B, HELLS, and SLC15A3 were identified as positive factors, while CDA, RHOB, and UPP1 were identified as negative factors in CC. It is notable that multiple immune-related signaling pathways were associated with the clinical risk of CC, and the immunotherapy sensitivity was worse in the high-risk group. In addition, we found that most of biomarkers had the prognostic values in other common gynecologic cancers. It was notable that the mechanisms by which these biomarkers influence gynecologic cancers were associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor interaction, focal adhesion, etc.

Conclusion

This study identified six circadian rhythm-related biomarkers, including APOBEC3B, CDA, HELLS, RHOB, SLC15A3, and UPP1, which were associated with the prognosis of CC. The mechanisms by which these biomarkers influence gynecologic cancers were associated with ECM receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and other functions. These findings might help to deepen the understanding of the agreement or heterogeneity of CRRGs in the pathological processes of common gynecologic cancers.
Patients with colorectal cancer combined with HIV had a worse overall survival after surgery: a meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Wen-Wen , Zhou Xiong , He Gan
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this current study was to find out whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affected overall survival (OS) of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients after surgery.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and CNKI were searched from inception to March 27, 2023 to find eligible studies. Eligible studies included CRC patients grouped by HIV status (HIV-positive and HIV-negative). Stata SE 16 was used for data analysis.

Results

A total of eight studies involving 2180 patients were enrolled in this study. After data analysis, there were significant differences in sex (OR=0.69, 95% CI=0.49 to 0.98, I2 = 22.6%, P=0.04<0.1), tumor grade (OR=6.61, 95% CI=2.36 to 18.49, I2 = 0.00%, P=0.00<0.1), and tumor location (OR=2.19, 95% CI=1.74 to 2.77, I2 = 0.04%, P=0.00<0.1) between the HIV and non-HIV groups. Furthermore, we found that HIV was associated with worse OS in CRC patients after surgery (HR=3.12, 95% CI=2.07 to 4.69, I2 = 52.51%, P=0.00<0.1).

Conclusion

This study highlights that HIV is associated with significantly poorer OS in CRC patients after surgery, emphasizing the need for tailored postoperative management strategies for this vulnerable population. Future research should explore underlying mechanisms and potential interventions to improve outcomes for HIV-positive CRC patients.
The role of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in cancer lipid metabolism
Authors: Xu Yongkang , Zeng Jiayu , Fu Shumin , Liu Kan , Mao Ye , Tao Si , Wu Jianbing
Published: January 2025

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is one of the main degradation systems within cells, catalyzing the tagging of proteins for degradation by ubiquitin molecules, which are then recognized and degraded by the proteasome. Lipid metabolism plays a crucial role in cellular energy metabolism and is closely associated with the occurrence and development of cancers. Recent research indicates that cancer lipid metabolism is regulated by intracellular proteins, including ubiquitination modifications. This review will explore the role of ubiquitination in regulating cancer lipid metabolism, summarize the latest research progress, and propose potential therapeutic strategies.
Immunotherapy as a neoadjuvant preoperative treatment for locally advanced pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma: a case report of clinical efficacy
Authors: Li Hanhan , Chen Ruilian , Guo Wei , Xiang Shang , Huang Jiayang , Chen Hanrui
Published: January 2025

Background

Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) is a rare subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a generally poor prognosis. Studies have shown that the survival rate for advanced-stage patients is less than 5%, with a median overall survival (OS) of less than 6.5 months.

Case report

Herein, we report a case of locally advanced PSC in a 56-year-old male patient who received platinum-based double-drug therapy combined with anti-angiogenic drugs, followed by immunotherapy as the first-line systemic treatment. After undergoing eight cycles of neoadjuvant therapy, the opportunity for surgery arose. Postoperative pathology confirmed that the neoadjuvant chemotherapy in this regimen achieved pathological complete remission (pCR). At present, the patient maintains a good quality of life, continues with immunotherapy for consolidation and prevention of recurrence, and has reached a survival period of 10 months.

Conclusion

For patients with locally advanced PSC who do not have significant genetic mutations, the use of immunotherapy as a first-line neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy may hold promise for achieving a pCR. Further research into this treatment protocol is warranted.
Machine learning based predictive model and genetic mutation landscape for high-grade colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma: a SEER database analysis with external validation
Authors: Wu Ruixin , Chen Sihao , He Yi , Li Ya , Mu Song , Jin Aishun
Published: January 2025

Background

High-grade colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma (HCNEC) is a rare but aggressive subset of neuroendocrine tumors. This study was designed to construct a risk model based on comprehensive clinical and mutational genomics data to facilitate clinical decision making.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, spanning 2000 to 2019. The external validation cohort was sourced from two tertiary hospitals in Southwest China. Independent factors influencing both overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were identified using LASSO, Random Forest, and XGBoost regression techniques. Molecular data with the most common mutations in CNEC were extracted from the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database.

Results

In this prognostic analysis, the data from 714 participants with HCNEC were evaluated. The median OS for the cohort was 10 months, whereas CSS was 11 months. Six variables (M stage, LODDS, Nodes positive, Surgery, Radiotherapy, and Chemotherapy) were screened as key prognostic indicators. The machine learning model showed reliable performance across multiple evaluation dimensions. The most common mutations of CNEC identified in the COSMIC database were TP53, KRAS, and APC.

Conclusions

In this study, a refined machine learning predictive model was developed to assess the prognosis of HCNEC accurately and we briefly analyzed its genomic features, which might offer a valuable tool to address existing clinical challenges.
Delta-radiomics analysis based on magnetic resonance imaging to identify radiation proctitis in patients with cervical cancer after radiotherapy
Authors: Xue Jing , Wu Menghan , Zhang Jing , Yang Jiayang , Lv Guannan , Qu Baojun , Zhang Yanping , Yan Xia , Song Jianbo
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To develop a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics model for predicting the severity of radiation proctitis (RP) in cervical cancer patients’ post-radiotherapy.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed clinical data and MRI images from 126 cervical squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Logistic regression (LR), Pearson correlation coefficient, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) methods were utilized to select optimal imaging features, leading to a combined prediction model developed using a random forest (RF) algorithm. Model performance was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC), DeLong test, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA), with Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values for interpretation.

Results

The samples were split into training (70%) and validation (30%) sets. The delta-radiomics model, comprising 10 delta features, showed strong predictive performance (AUC: 0.92 for training and 0.90 for validation sets). A comprehensive model combining delta-radiomics with clinical features outperformed this, achieving AUCs of 0.99 and 0.98. DeLong’s test confirmed the comprehensive model’s statistical superiority, and both calibration curves and DCA indicated good calibration and high net benefit. Key features associated with RP included D1cc, T1_wavelet-LLL_glcm_MCC, D2cc, and T2_original_firstorder_90 Percentile.

Conclusions

The MRI-based delta radiomics model shows significant promise in predicting RP severity in cervical cancer patients following radiotherapy, with enhanced predictive performance when combined with clinical features.
Jiawei Suanzaoren decoction for the treatment of perimenopausal insomnia: clinical observation and experimental study
Authors: Chen Li-Qiong , Zhou Yong-Can , Ning Fang , Zhu Ming-Jin
Published: January 2025

Background

Traditional Chinese medicine has a good clinical therapeutic effect on perimenopausal insomnia, Jiawei Suanzaoren Tang (JW-SZRT) has a significant therapeutic effect on people with yin deficiency and fire excess type insomnia.

Method

Firstly, 80 cases of perimenopausal yin deficiency and fire excess type insomnia were included in the study. The treatment group was treated with Jiawei Suanzaoren decoction, while the control group was treated with lorazepam for 4 weeks. The study observed and compared the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Kupperman score, Polysomnography (PSG) and sex hormone levels of two groups before and after treatment. Secondly, we also conducted network pharmacology analysis and mechanism research. We first searched public databases for the targets of the compound known tobe associated with JW-SZRT, as well as those predicted to be targets of insomnia, and then used software Cytoscape 3.7.2, GO and KEGG to identify enriched gene pathways and networks. Networks and pathways that overlapped between Insomnia-associated proteins and JW-SZRT target proteins were then used to predict candidate protein targets of JW-SZRT in insomnia. Finally, 40 rats were selected in animal experimentation and 30 perimenopausal insomnia rat models were created through ovariectomy and a modified multi-platform water environment 72-hour sleep deprivation method. The model group received normal saline, the western medicine group received lorazepam suspension, and the Chinese medicine group received Jiawei Suanzaoren decoction. The sham surgery group was given routine feeding. The sleep condition, the levels of blood hormone levels and the expression levels of 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid receptor A (GABAA) receptor in the hypothalamus were compared between groups.

Results

In clinical observation, the sleep condition and the changes of hormone levels between the treatment group and the control group were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The results of network pharmacology indicate that in the main signaling pathways for treating insomnia, it is speculated that Jiawei Suanzaoren Tang can regulate the signaling pathway of neuroactive ligand receptor interactions by inhibiting the activation of related proteins, thereby improving sleep. Animal experiments have also shown that the JW-SZRT can significantly improve the sleep conditions of insomnia rats during perimenopause, and the expression levels of 5-HT and GABAA receptors in the hypothalamus had a significant difference between groups in animal experiments (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Jiawei Suanzaoren Decoction can improve the perimenopausal insomnia. The mechanism behind this improvement may be related to the regulation of Estradiol (E2), Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, as well as the mRNA expression levels of 5-HT1a, 5-HT2a, GABAARα1, and GABAARγ2 receptors in the hypothalamus.
Euodiae Fructus: a review of botany, application, processing, phytochemistry, quality control, pharmacology, and toxicology
Authors: Hao Yule , Qi Jiawen , Huang Xinggui , Liu Chenhao , Liu Yi
Published: January 2025

Euodiae Fructus (EF) is the dried and nearly ripe fruit of Euodia rutaecarpa, first recorded in Shen Nong’s Herbal Classic. EF is a versatile Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) known for the effects of dispelling colds and alleviating pain, suppressing adverse qi to relieve vomiting, and boosting yang to mitigate diarrhea. However, it should be noted that EF possesses mild toxicity. In TCM prescriptions, EF is employed to treat various ailments, including abdominal pain, diarrhea, chronic non-atrophic gastritis, irritable bowel syndrome, and primary dysmenorrhea. This review collected the literature published before September 2024 on EF. An exhaustive analysis of EF literature was conducted utilizing multiple sources, namely classic TCM books and various scientific databases like Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier, ACS, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure. So far, more than 300 metabolites have been extracted and identified from EF, exhibiting various pharmacological effects, such as cardiovascular protection, gastrointestinal protection, neuroprotection, anti-inflammation, analgesia, anti-tumor, glucose and lipid metabolism regulation, etc. It also exhibits diverse toxicological properties and poses specific toxic risks to the liver, heart, and kidney. Nonetheless, research is scarce regarding the toxicology of EF, especially on its cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Further in-depth research is necessary to explore the mechanisms underlying EF’s pharmacological and toxicological mechanisms and to develop strategies for quality control and toxicity mitigation. The toxicity of EF can be reduced by processing, but this aspect is rarely discussed, and the quality control needs to be further standardized. Evodiamine, rutaecarpine, and limonin are the effective metabolites of EF and are also one of the causes of EF toxicity. The pharmacological effects of evodiamine and rutaecarpine have been intensely studied, but there are few studies on limonin and other metabolites of EF. Therefore, this paper focuses on the botanical characteristics, traditional applications, processing methods, phytochemistry, quality control, pharmacology, and toxicology of EF. We hope this paper provides a theoretical basis for the future high-value and high-connotation development of EF.
Uncovering the role of microRNAs in esophageal cancer: from pathogenesis to clinical applications
Authors: He Zhenglin , Ji Yishuo , Yuan Yutong , Liang Tianfang , Liu Chenglin , Jiao Yiping , Chen Yimeng , Yang Yiming , Han Liang , Hu Yue , Cong Xianling
Published: January 2025

Esophageal cancer (EC) presents substantial therapeutic challenges due to its high mortality rate and the tendency for diagnosis at advanced stages. Acknowledging the constraints of the existing current treatment paradigm, there is a pressing need for the development of innovative, targeted therapeutic strategies to surpass the current stagnation in survival rate improvements. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have attracted significant attention for their capacity to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, thereby influencing various cellular processes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the role of miRNAs in EC, emphasizing their mechanisms in tumorigenesis, their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and their influence on resistance to therapy. We elucidate how miRNAs modulate oncogenic pathways and tumor suppressor genes, influencing EC cell behavior and treatment outcomes. By integrating insights from genetic sequencing and molecular biology, we identify key miRNAs that promote or inhibit EC progression and treatment resistance. This review highlights critical need for an enhanced understanding of miRNAs in EC, advocating for their integration into therapeutic strategies.
Impact of Cordyceps sinensis on coronary computed tomography angiography image quality and renal function in a beagle model of renal impairment
Authors: Song Peiji , Li Kun , Xu Xiaodie , Zhang Guifeng , Wang Zengkun , Sun Linbing , Zhao Zekai , Li Ting , Wang Ximing , Xia Zhangyong
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aims to investigate the protective effects of Cordyceps sinensis against renal injury induced by low-dose contrast medium (CM) in coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) imaging, and to evaluate its efficacy using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Methods

Twenty Beagle dogs with induced renal insufficiency were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 5 per group). Group A received Cordyceps sinensis for 1 week prior to undergoing heart rate-dependent personalized CM CCTA scanning; Group B received Cordyceps sinensis for 1 week followed by conventional dose CM CCTA scanning; Group C did not receive Cordyceps sinensis but underwent HR-dependent CM CCTA scanning; and Group D did not receive Cordyceps sinensis but underwent conventional dose CM CCTA scanning. Renal function was assessed using MRI before and after the intervention, with IVIM (Intravoxel Incoherent Motion) and BOLD (Blood Oxygen Level Dependent) imaging of the kidneys. Key parameters, including the pure diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*), perfusion fraction (f), and R2*values, were quantified. Laboratory renal function markers were measured multiple times before and after the intervention, and their correlation with fMRI parameters was analyzed.

Results

CCTA imaging revealed that the CT values of the major coronary artery branches in all groups met the international diagnostic criteria for coronary arteries. No statistically significant differences in image quality were observed among the four groups (P > 0.05). In Groups A and D, significant changes were observed in renal function parameters, as well as in D, D*, f, and R2* values, both pre- and post-CCTA (P < 0.05). However, Groups B and C exhibited no significant changes pre- and post-CCTA (P > 0.05). A significant correlation was found between MRI parameters and laboratory renal function markers, with excellent inter- and intra-observer reproducibility, and high repeatability in the measurements.

Conclusion

HR-dependent personalized CM CCTA imaging did not compromise image quality. Administration of Cordyceps sinensis demonstrated a potential protective effect on renal function. The combination of IVIM and BOLD functional MRI offers a reliable, non-invasive approach to assess the protective effects of Cordyceps sinensis on renal injury induced by low-dose CCTA in Beagle dogs.
Gas jet targets for direct reaction studies
Authors: Chipps K. A.
Published: January 2025

The study of direct reactions is of broad interest in nuclear physics, providing constraint to models of nuclear structure evolution and data to better understand the creation of the elements. In many cases, however, the data of interest are hindered by backgrounds and poor resolution from contaminants in either the beam, the target, or both. The use of a gas jet can overcome some of these issues through clever engineering, providing a reaction target that is chemically pure and thin enough to significantly reduce the impact on experimental resolution. This Perspective will discuss the effort to design, construct, and operate gas jet targets for direct reaction studies in the rare isotope era.
Acoustic interaction of submerged thin-shell structures considering seabed reflection effects
Authors: Zhang Xin , Ai Kai , Yang Sen , Pei Qingxiang , Lei Guang
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a novel approach for simulating acoustic-shell interaction, specifically focusing on seabed reflection effects. The interaction between acoustic waves and shell vibration is crucial in various engineering applications, particularly in underwater acoustics and ocean engineering. The study employs the finite element method (FEM) with Kirchhoff-Love shell elements to numerically analyze thin-shell vibrations. The boundary element method (BEM) is applied to simulate exterior acoustic fields and seabed reflections, using half-space fundamental solutions. The FEM and BEM are coupled to model the interaction between acoustic waves and shell vibration. Furthermore, the FEM-BEM approach is implemented within an isogeometric analysis (IGA) framework, where the basis functions used for geometric modeling also discretize the physical fields. This ensures geometric exactness, eliminates meshing, and enables the use of Kirchhoff-Love shell theory with high-order continuous fields. The coupled FEM-BEM system is accelerated using the fast multipole method (FMM), which reduces computational time and memory storage. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm in simulating acoustic-shell interaction with seabed reflection.
Numerical investigation of infrared imaging of multi-UAV formation under cloud and rain weather conditions
Authors: Gao Wenqiang , Zhang Teng , Tang Enling , Zhang Pengjun , Niu Qinglin
Published: January 2025

Infrared imaging is essential for detecting multiple unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) targets detection to capture flight altitude and behavior. This study focused on a typical stealth UAV formation with a flying-wing configuration. Considering the attenuation effects of clouds and rain on the infrared spectrum, a ground-based infrared imaging algorithm was developed. Infrared radiation imaging was conducted using the apparent ray tracing method and mesh clipping technology. The infrared radiation intensity distribution of the UAV formation target within the 8.0–12.0 μm band was calculated, and infrared thermal images incorporating the occlusion effect were obtained. The results showed that the radiance of the multi-UAV formation was approximately 8.0 × 10−5 W/Sr, which was 103–104 orders of magnitude lower than that under standard atmospheric conditions under cloudy weather conditions. The infrared radiance was approximately 1.7 × 10−5 W/Sr, which was 104–105 lower than that under standard atmospheric conditions under rainy weather conditions.
Genotype by environment interactions and phenotypic traits stability of the EUCLEG faba bean collection
Authors: Sokolović Dejan , Babić Snežana , Petrović Mirjana , Solís Ignacio , Cougnon Mathias , Gutierrez Natalia , Pärssinen Pertti , Reheul Dirk , Radović Jasmina , Torres Ana M.
Published: January 2025

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is an important pulse crop traditionally used for human nutrition and animal feeding. With a high protein content ranging from 24% to 35% of seed dry matter, considerable amounts of globulins, essential amino acids and minerals, faba bean is today an important source meeting the growing global demand for nutritious food. The objective of study was to investigate the variability of nine phenological, phenotypical and yield related traits in 220 faba bean accessions in multi-location trials across four representative European regions. Nine field trials were carried out from 2018 till 2020 in four representative European locations (Spain, Finland, Belgium and Serbia) using an augmented p-rep design containing 20 replicated checks. Significant differences among genotypes and environments were detected, being the genotype x environment interaction (GEI) the major source of variation in five of the nine evaluated traits. The “which-won-where” analyses identified two mega-environment namely South European mega environment (SE-ME) and North European mega environment (NE-ME), while the best performing and most stable genotypes according to the nine traits were identified using “means vs stability” analyses. According to the highest trait value in each mega environment several winning genotypes were identified showing better performances than some commercial varieties (controls) or checks. Our results suggest that the geographical locations falling into each mega-environment can be used as faba bean test locations. The genotype ranking for the multi-trait stability index (MTSI) revealed that the most stable and best ranking genotypes in SE-ME are G018, G086, G081, G170 and G015 while in the north mega-environment are G091, G171, G177 (Merkur), G029 and G027. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analyses showed a clear correlation between the traits analysed and the botanical type. These findings indicate that botanical type is one of the most significant factors affecting development in any environment, and it must be taken into account in faba bean breeding activities. The information derived from this study provides a chance for breeding new resilient faba bean cultivars adapted to different agroecological European regions, a critical point for addressing Europe’s reliance on protein imports and enhancing sustainable agriculture practices.
Renewal of wheat cultivars enhances ozone resistance in yield but detrimentally impacts quality: a survey of Chinese wheat
Authors: Qian Yinsen , Zhao Zheng , Cao Yifan , Ma Quan , Zhu Nanyan , Song Lingqi , Zhu Min , Li Chunyan , Ding Jinfeng , Guo Wenshan , Zhu Xinkai
Published: January 2025

The aggravation of ozone (O3) pollution poses a significant threat to agricultural production. With China being the leading wheat producer of the world, contributing 17.8% to global output, the vulnerability of wheat to O3 is of particular concern. Despite extensive research on the impacts of O3 on wheat production and the ongoing development of new wheat cultivars over the years, a connection between yield loss and the released ages of wheat cultivars under O3 stress remains unestablished. Addressing this, the experiment was carried out at the Yangzhou Rice and Wheat Free-air Gas Concentration Enrichment (FACE) Testing Base in China, using 17 wheat cultivars developed since the 1970s as experimental materials. The elevated O3 concentration in the test was 1.5 times higher than that in a normal atmosphere. The results indicated that O3 led to a significant reduction in wheat yield of 18.19%. The yield of cultivars released in the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and after 2000, decreased by 24.9%, 23.3%, 19.8%, and 14.7%, respectively. Overall, the direct effect of 1,000-grain weight on yield was the most significant, followed by the number of grains per spike, whereas the number of spikes contributed least to the yield components. To enhance resistance to O3 stress in future breeding efforts, increasing the 1,000-grain weight should be a primary objective. Our findings also revealed that elevated O3 concentration led to higher sedimentation values and protein content while lowering bulk density, hardness, and starch content. As the release age approaches, the rate of decrease in bulk density diminishes gradually. In terms of hardness, sedimentation value, and starch content, varieties released in the 1990s exhibited less sensitivity, whereas those released after the 2000s experienced the most significant changes in protein content. It is worth noting that the impact on the nutritional quality of modern cultivars is particularly significant, particularly regarding starch and protein content. Stress indices indicate that the cultivars released after 2000 exhibit stronger resistance to yield loss. The Yangmai series cultivars appear to be promising parental lines for future breeding programs aimed at developing O3-resistant wheat.
Overexpression of OsDUF868.12 enhances salt tolerance in rice
Authors: Chen Hao , Wan Jiale , Zhu Jiali , Wang Ziyi , Mao Caiyao , Xu Wanjing , Yang Juan , Kong Yijuan , Zan Xiaofei , Chen Rongjun , Zhu Jianqing , Xu Zhengjun , Li Lihua
Published: January 2025

Excessive salt accumuln in soil is one of the most important abiotic stresses in agricultural environments. The Domain of Unknown Function 868 (DUF868) family, comprising 15 members in rice, has been identified in the protein family database. In this study, we cloned and functionally characterized OsDUF868.12, a member of the OsDUF868 family, to elucidate its role in rice response to salt stress. A series of experiments, including RT-qPCR, Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation in tobacco for localization analysis, phenotypic characterization, physiological and biochemical index measurement, and leaf staining, were conducted to investigate the function of OsDUF868.12 under salt stress. Transcriptional analysis revealed that OsDUF868.12 exhibited the most significant response to low temperature and salt stress. Preliminary subcellular localization studies indicated that OsDUF868.12 is localized in the cell membrane. Phenotypic Identification Experiments showed Overexpression lines of OsDUF868.12 enhanced resistance to salt stress and increased survival rates, while knockout lines of OsDUF868.12 were opposite. Physiological and biochemical assessments, along with leaf staining, demonstrated that overexpression of OsDUF868.12 improved the activity against oxidative stress.under salt stress. Furthermore, overexpression of OsDUF868.12 elevated the transcription levels of positively regulated salt stress-related genes. These findings suggest that overexpression of OsDUF868.12 enhances rice tolerance to salt stress at the molecular level through a series of regulatory mechanisms. This study provides valuable insights into the functional roles of the DUF868 family in plant responses to abiotic stress.
How to create a mindful community of practice: exploring the social functions of group-based mindfulness practices facilitated via Zoom during COVID-19
Authors: Tobias Mortlock Jutta M. , Alapati Hotri Himasri , Edginton Trudi
Published: January 2025

This exploratory qualitative study was conducted to investigate the experiences of individuals who have been participating in online mindfulness sessions with an online mindfulness community since the beginning of COVID-19, i.e., during a period of heightened uncertainty and social isolation. The study’s purpose was to better understand the social functions of regularly practicing mindfulness in this online community of practice. Analyses from semi-structured interviews reveal how shared mindfulness practice may foster several pillars of connection and interbeing in this community of practice. These include improved mind–body awareness, coupled with a unique sense of trust and connection, which may have helped cultivate collective alignment and a sense of common humanity among research participants. Findings are discussed through the lens of interdependence theory, resulting in several exploratory propositions on how to create a mindful community of practice. The study concludes with a call for more research in this understudied research domain and invites mindfulness researchers and practitioners to test these propositions further. Its overall aim is to stimulate debate among individuals and groups intent on creating a mindful community in their workplace, educational setting, or neighborhood.
A multidimensional Bayesian IRT method for discovering misconceptions from concept test data
Authors: Segado Martin , Adair Aaron , Stewart John , Ma Yunfei , Drury Byron , Pritchard David
Published: January 2025

We present an exploratory method for discovering likely misconceptions from multiple-choice concept test data, as well as preliminary evidence that this method recovers known misconceptions from real student responses. Our procedure is based on a Bayesian implementation of the Multidimensional Nominal Categories IRT model (MNCM) combined with standard factor-analytic rotation methods; by analyzing student responses at the level of individual distractors rather than at the level of entire questions, this approach is able to highlight multiple likely misconceptions for subsequent investigation without requiring any manual labeling of test content. We explore the performance of the Bayesian MNCM on synthetic data and find that it is able to recover multidimensional item parameters consistently at achievable sample sizes. These studies demonstrate the method's robustness to overfitting and ability to perform automatic dimensionality assessment and selection. The method also compares favorably to existing IRT software implementing marginal maximum likelihood estimation which we use as a validation benchmark. We then apply our method to approximately 10,000 students' responses to a research-designed concept test: the Force Concept Inventory. In addition to a broad first dimension strongly correlated with overall test score, we discover thirteen additional dimensions which load on smaller sets of distractors; we discuss two as examples, showing that these are consistent with already-known misconceptions in Newtonian mechanics. While work remains to validate our findings, our hope is that future applications of this method could aid in the refinement of existing concept inventories or the development of new ones, enable the discovery of previously-unknown student misconceptions across a variety of disciplines, and—by leveraging the method's ability to quantify the prevalence of particular misconceptions—provide opportunities for targeted instruction at both the individual and classroom level.
Head in the game: the impact of cognitive abilities on performance of National Football League quarterbacks
Authors: Boone R. Thomas , Zambrotta Nicholas S. , Manocchio Andrew M. , Bowman James K.
Published: January 2025

American football is a multi-billion-dollar industry and source of social identity and national pride. Recruiting top level players is a priority for franchises, coaches, teams, and fans. Utilizing data obtained from 42 National League Football (NFL) quarterbacks, collected at their respective Combine experience, the current study adds to existing research demonstrating that cognitive abilities, as measured by the Athletic Intelligence Quotient (AIQ), namely Visual Spatial Processing, Reaction Time, and Decision Making, all increase the predictive accuracy beyond the role of draft pick at the Combine. Reaction Time; Visual Spatial Processing and Decision Making to a lesser, but notable degree; predicted NFL performance metrics such as Career Approximate Value, Quarterback Rating, passing and rushing yards per game, turnover worthy plays, and throwing accuracy. The role of cognitive abilities, particularly in the critical position of quarterback in American football, is discussed.
Optimal dose of oxytocin to improve social impairments and repetitive behaviors in autism spectrum disorders: meta-analysis and dose–response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Zhang Xiaolu , Huang Linghong
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Social impairments and repetitive behaviors are at the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Intranasal administration of the neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) is a promising treatment. However, there have been inconsistencies in the effects of OXT on social impairments and repetitive behaviors.

Methods

A comprehensive search in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted to gather randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of OXT in patients diagnosed with ASD up to 11/06/2024. The core outcomes were social impairments measured by total Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) scores and repetitive behaviors measured by the Repetitive Behavior Scale (RBS).

Results

This meta-analysis ultimately included 12 RCTs with 498 ASD patients. In an initial analysis, intranasal OXT showed no significant effect on social impairments. For a high dose of 48 IU per day, a beneficial effect on social impairments was found. According to the dose–response meta-analysis, the results indicated that higher doses of OXT might be more effective for social impairments. Depending on repetitive behaviors, the overall analysis showed no significant effect, while the dose over 48 IU per day revealed significant results and the dose–response meta-analysis suggested that higher doses could be more effective for repetitive behaviors.

Discussion

Although these findings show no consistent beneficial effects, the results of the dose–response meta-analysis suggest that high doses of intranasal OXT per day may be more effective in ASD.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42024567213.
Life satisfaction of Palestinian and Polish students after pandemic COVID-19
Authors: Zdziarski Krzysztof , Knyszyńska Anna , Karakiewicz-Krawczyk Katarzyna , Awad Mariam , Awad Salam , Qumsieh Narmeen , Landowski Marek , Karakiewicz Beata
Published: January 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on the lives of all social groups around the world, including students who have had to face remote learning and isolation. Regardless of cultural, linguistic and religious differences, every young person is looking for the meaning of life and their place in the world. This process includes physical, mental, social and spiritual aspects. The pandemic has highlighted the importance of these elements anew, especially in the face of threats to health and life. The study included two groups of students: 238 from Palestine and 293 from Poland. The question was asked: what factors have the greatest impact on students’ sense of happiness after the COVID-19 pandemic? The results showed interesting differences in their approach to life and happiness. Palestinian students perceive life more optimistically and attach importance to family ties, physical health and religion. Polish students attach importance to social activity, meetings with friends, traveling, listening to music and watching movies. For them, these forms of spending free time are important in the context of mental regeneration and escape from stress. They emphasize that a good financial situation gives them a sense of security and allows them to pursue their passions and interests. Both groups do not associate happiness with psychoactive substances. The results indicate a generally positive assessment of students’ life satisfaction after the pandemic. Research shows that there are universal values that give a sense of happiness and life satisfaction to young people around the world.
Socio-economic inequalities in minimum dietary diversity among Ethiopian children aged 6–23 months: a decomposition analysis
Authors: Worku Nigusu , Workie Amare Mesfin , Yohannes Lamrot , Getnet Mihret , Negash Wubshet Debebe , Yeshambel Belay Adina , Asmare Lakew , Alemu Hiwot Tadesse , Geberu Demiss Mulatu , Jejaw Melak , Demissie Kaleb Assegid , Tiruneh Misganaw Guadie , Hagos Asebe
Published: January 2025

Background

Globally, inappropriate feeding practices account for more than two-thirds of all cases of child mortality during the first 2 years of a child’s life. For a long time, Ethiopia has suffered from the double burden of malnutrition: overnutrition and undernutrition both pose significant challenges, particularly for children. Undernutrition is mainly caused by wealth and educational disparities across the country. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the socio-economic inequalities in minimum dietary diversity (MDD) practices among Ethiopian children aged 6–23 months and the potential contributing factors.

Methods

The study utilized the recent datasets of the Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS) of 2019. A total of 1,511 weighted samples were included in the research. Microsoft Excel and STATA v.14 software were employed to extract, clean, and analyze data. A probit model decomposition analysis was performed. The concentration index (CIX) and curve were used to examine household wealth status and maternal education level inequalities in the MDD.

Results

The total weighted prevalence of MDD among children under the age of 5 in Ethiopia was 13.5%. Wealth and educational status show positive CIX values for inequality, as exhibited by the concentration curve under the equality line. The CIX with household and maternal education status were (CIX: 0.1034, p < 0.0029) and (CIX: 0.1057, p < 0.0002), respectively. This indicates a greater concentration of inequalities among privileged women. The decomposition analysis revealed that household wealth status, (58.23%) contributed by wealth status, (36.38%) place of delivery, (30.47%) maternal education, and (21.5%) administration region, explained the pro-rich inequalities in MDD in Ethiopia.

Conclusion

This study identified significant inequalities in terms of wealth and maternal educational level in the context of MDD. Policymakers and healthcare workers should develop effective strategies to tackle the underlying causes of inequalities in attaining MDD, specifically focusing on household wealth and maternal education.
A qualitative study of parental caregiving experience in adolescents with depression from the perspective of positive psychology in China
Authors: Zhao Yueyan , Miao Qunfang , Xin Siying , Li Peiqing , Huang Yaoyao
Published: January 2025

Objective

To explore the inner experiences and needs of parents of adolescents with depression in the caregiving process, to understand the problems they encounter, and to provide precise intervention and support strategies for this group from a positive psychology orientation.

Methods

Use of qualitative research methods, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 parents of adolescents with depression, selected from December 2022 to October 2023. Colaizzi′s seven-step analysis method was used to extract themes.

Results

The parental caregiving experience for adolescents with depression can be grouped into 3 themes and 8 sub-themes: ① Complex negative emotions (negative emotions at the beginning of diagnosis, negative emotions during the caregiving process); ② Adversity experienced by individuals and families (increased physical and financial burdens, lack of access to professional support information, family dysfunction); ③ Coping and adaptation to adversity (self-growth, actively seeking outside assistance, enhanced family connection).

Conclusion

Parents of adolescents with depression have complex caregiving experiences and face numerous difficulties and challenges at different stages of treatment. Caregivers and medical social workers should focus on the inner experiences and needs of parents at various stages of caregiving. Establishment of a joint care model with a positive psychology perspective to enhance individual and family psychological resilience and a sense of disease benefit.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on sleep duration and mental health among middle school students: a 3-year cross-sectional survey
Authors: Dou Kai-yun , Dong Ru-bao , Gan Chun-long
Published: January 2025

Background

Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in late 2019, and until the Chinese government downgraded the pandemic control measures to Category B management in January 2023, various epidemic prevention measures were implemented across regions based on the local spread of the virus. Correspondingly, educational formats shifted between online and offline teaching according to the pandemic situation. Changes in daily life and teaching methods, along with the high initial mortality rate of COVID-19, have had varying degrees of negative impact on the mental health (MH) of adolescents.

Purposes

This study aimed to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic status on the sleep duration (SD) and MH of adolescents, investigate the relationship between SD and MH in middle school students, and evaluate the protective effect of SD on MH.

Methods

Using a convenient sampling method, 6 junior high schools and 3 senior high schools in Guiyang City, China, were selected. Random samples from two classes per grade in each school were chosen for the survey. The study was conducted annually for three consecutive years using the Mental Health Inventory of Middle-school students (MMHI-60) scale and a self-designed questionnaire. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26.0 software, employing ANOVA, cross-tabulation, and generalized linear models to examine the relationship between SD and MH scores.

Results

The SD and MH scores of middle school students in 2021, 2022, and 2023 were 436.41 ± 71.21 min/day, 423.69 ± 61.71 min/day, and 445.26 ± 65.04 min/day (F = 41.44, p < 0.001), 1.72 ± 0.63, 1.87 ± 0.73, and 1.79 ± 0.67 (F = 18.31, p < 0.001). The SD compliance rates were 34.1%, 23.9%, and 33.2%, and the MH problem detection rates were 27.9%, 36.4%, and 33.4%, respectively; there is a significant correlation between SD and MH scores among middle school students (P < 0.001); the protective effects of SD compliance on MH were 1.859 times, 2.156 times, and 1.516 times higher than those of SD non-compliance (all p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Meeting the SD standard is a protective factor for adolescent MH. The COVID-19 pandemic and its control measures have had a severe and long-term negative impact on both SD and MH in middle school students, with differences observed between genders and academic levels. The greater the severity of the pandemic and the stricter the control measures, the more significant the negative impact on SD and MH etc.