bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The first report of composition and occurrence of myxomycete assemblages in protected and unprotected plantation forests: a comparative study in Thai Nguyen City, Northern Vietnam
Authors: Redeña-Santos John Carlo , Van Thao Duong , Schnittler Martin , Dagamac Nikki Heherson A.
Published: August 2018

Background and aims – In spite of the cosmopolitan distributions of myxomycetes, relatively few studies have been conducted in subtropical forests of Southeast Asia, particularly in Northern Vietnam, where comprehensive reports of myxomycetes are lacking up to this date. Hence, a rapid biodiversity assessment was conducted in protected and unprotected plantation forests of Thai Nguyen City to compare the species composition of myxomycete communities between the two different forest management types.Methods – A total of 360 substrate samples were haphazardly collected within 5 m × 5 m plots established within three protected and three unprotected forests. The moist chamber cultures prepared from these samples were regularly checked for myxomycete fructifications over a period of 12 weeks. Analyses of diversity (species richness) and community composition were performed using the software EstimateS and the vegan package in R.Key results – The study yielded a total of 505 records representing 54 species belonging to 17 genera. All species recorded herein were new records for Northern Vietnam; among them five were new for the entire country. The rarefaction curves showed higher numbers of myxomycete species to be expected for protected forest (43.0) in comparison to unprotected forests (39.4). However, calculations of species diversity indices showed higher values in unprotected forest than in protected forest. The species composition between the two forest types showed clear overlaps with many shared (56%) species. Conclusions – Forest conservation strategies do not affect freely dispersing myxomycetes implicating that spore dispersal of myxomycetes is caused not only by natural factors but also by anthropogenic activities. The production of high number of myxomycete species for this study seems to point out that the subtropical forests of Vietnam harbours many undiscovered myxomycete species for Southeast Asia.
Characterizing the evolution of physical properties and mixing state of black carbon particles: from near a major highway to the broader urban plume in Los Angeles
Authors: Krasowsky Trevor S. , McMeeking Gavin R. , Sioutas Constantinos , Ban-Weiss George
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) particles can have deleterious human health consequences
and impact regional and global climate. Uncertainties remain in part due to
incomplete knowledge on the evolution of physical properties and mixing state
of black carbon from sources to the remote atmosphere. We aim to understand
how “road-to-ambient” processing and longer timescale aging in an urban
plume affect black carbon physical properties. Refractory black carbon (rBC)
was measured during summer 2016 using a single-particle soot photometer (SP2)
in two distinct environments: near a major freeway and downwind of downtown
Los Angeles. The near-road measurements were made at distances ranging from
30 to 114 m downwind of Interstate 405 in Los Angeles. These results were
compared with measurements performed 100 km east of Los Angeles in Redlands,
California. Coatings on rBC particles were quantified using two methods. As
distance from the highway increased at the near-road site, we observed
decreases in rBC mass and number concentrations and increases in the number
fraction of rBC particles with thick coatings (f). The latter likely
occurred due to rapid processing of the highway plume and entrainment of
urban background particles. Most rBC-containing particles measured near the
highway were either uncoated or thinly coated. In Redlands, we found that rBC
mass concentrations on weekdays were similar to those observed at the
furthest measured distance from the highway (114 m). However, rBC number
concentrations for the smallest measured sizes were an order of magnitude
lower in Redlands than all measured distances from the highway. Observations
of f indicate that values in Redlands during periods when estimated
photochemical age (PCA) was highest (6–8 h) were similar to corresponding
values at the furthest measured distance from the highway. This suggests that
the residence time of air in the Los Angeles Basin under typical summertime
conditions measured during this campaign may not be sufficient for rBC to
acquire thick coatings. However, under certain meteorological conditions, f
was observed to be ∼0.20 in Redlands, with coating thickness histograms
showing a larger contribution of rBC particles with coating thickness
> 80 nm. This occurred during a weekend day when local emissions from
diesel vehicles were lower (compared to weekdays) and winds brought air from
the desert regions to Redlands, both of which would increase the relative
contribution of remote sources of rBC. Afternoon values of f (and
O3) were found to be systematically higher on weekends than weekdays,
suggesting that the “weekend effect” can create more thickly coated rBC
particles presumably due to enhanced secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and
reduced available rBC as condensation sites.
Liquid–liquid phase separation in organic particles containing one and two organic species: importance of the average O : C
Authors: Song Mijung , Ham Suhan , Andrews Ryan J. , You Yuan , Bertram Allan K.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Recently, experimental studies have shown that liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) can occur in organic particles free of inorganic salts. Most of these studies used organic particles consisting of secondary organic materials generated in environmental chambers. To gain additional insight into LLPS in organic particles free of inorganic salts, we studied LLPS in organic particles consisting of one and two commercially available organic species. For particles containing one organic species, three out of the six particle types investigated underwent LLPS. In these cases, LLPS was observed when the O : C was  ≤ 0.44 (but not always) and the relative humidity (RH) was between  ∼ 97 % and  ∼ 100 %. The mechanism of phase separation was likely nucleation and growth. For particles containing two organic species, 13 out of the 15 particle types investigated underwent LLPS. In these cases, LLPS was observed when the O : C was  ≤ 0.58 (but not always) and mostly when the RH was between  ∼ 90 % RH and  ∼ 100 % RH. The mechanism of phase separation was likely spinodal decomposition. In almost all cases when LLPS was observed (for both one-component and two-component particles), the highest RH at which two liquids was observed was 100±2.0 %, which has important implications for the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) properties of these particles. These combined results provide additional evidence that LLPS needs to be considered when predicting the CCN properties of organic particles in the atmosphere.
pH-Dependent production of molecular chlorine, bromine, and iodine from frozen saline surfaces
Authors: Halfacre John W. , Shepson Paul B. , Pratt Kerri A.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The mechanisms of molecular halogen productions from frozen saline surfaces remain incompletely understood, limiting our ability to predict atmospheric oxidation and composition in the polar regions. In this laboratory study, condensed-phase hydroxyl radicals (OH) were photochemically generated in frozen saltwater solutions that mimicked the ionic composition of ocean water. These hydroxyl radicals were found to oxidize Cl−, Br−, and I−, leading to the release of Cl2, Br2, and I2. This finding is consistent with mechanisms proposed from recent Arctic field studies for observed snowpack molecular halogen production. At moderately acidic pre-freezing pH (buffered between 4.5–4.8), irradiation of ice surfaces containing OH-precursors produced elevated amounts of I2. Subsequent addition of O3 produced additional I2, as well as low amounts of Br2. At lower pH (1.7–2.2), substantial photochemical production of Br2 was observed, following rapid dark conversion of I− to I2 via reactions with hydrogen peroxide or nitrite. Exposure to O3 under these low pH conditions also increased production of Br2 and I2, possibly through surfaced-based reactions with O3, or the production and heterogeneous recycling of gas-phase HOBr and HOI. Our results suggest the observed products are dependent on the relative concentrations of halides at the ice surface. Finally, photochemical production of Cl2 was only observed when the irradiated sample was composed of high-purity NaCl and hydrogen peroxide (acting as the OH precursor) at low pH (~ 1.8). While OH was shown to produce Cl2 in this study, kinetics calculations suggest that heterogeneous recycling chemistry may be equally or more important for Cl2 production in the Arctic atmosphere.
Geochemistry of the dissolved loads during high-flow season of rivers in the southeastern coastal region of China: anthropogenic impact on chemical weathering and carbon sequestration
Authors: Liu Wenjing , Xu Zhifang , Sun Huiguo , Zhao Tong , Shi Chao , Liu Taoze
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The southeastern coastal region is one of the most developed and populated areas in
China. Meanwhile, it has been severely impacted by acid rain over many
years. The chemical compositions and carbon isotope compositions of dissolved
inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC) in river water in the high-flow
season were investigated to estimate the chemical weathering and associated
atmospheric CO2 consumption rates as well as the acid-deposition
disturbance. Mass balance calculations indicated that the dissolved
loads of major rivers in the Southeast Coastal River Basin (SECRB) were
contributed to by atmospheric (14.3 %, 6.6 %–23.4 %), anthropogenic
(15.7 %, 0 %–41.1 %), silicate weathering (39.5 %,
17.8 %–74.0 %) and carbonate weathering inputs (30.6 %,
3.9 %–62.0 %). The silicate and carbonate chemical weathering rates
for these river watersheds were 14.2–35.8 and
1.8–52.1 t km−2 a−1, respectively. The associated mean
CO2 consumption rate by silicate weathering for the whole SECRB was
191×103 mol km−2 a−1. The chemical and
δ13CDIC evidence indicated that sulfuric and nitric acid
(mainly from acid deposition) were significantly involved in the chemical
weathering of rocks. There was an overestimation of CO2 consumption
at 0.19×1012 g C a−1 if sulfuric and nitric acid were
ignored, which accounted for about 33.6 % of the total CO2
consumption by silicate weathering in the SECRB. This study quantitatively
highlights the role of acid deposition in chemical weathering, suggesting
that the anthropogenic impact should be seriously considered in estimations of
chemical weathering and associated CO2 consumption.
Multi-source global wetland maps combining surface water imagery
and groundwater constraints
Authors: Tootchi Ardalan , Jost Anne , Ducharne Agnès
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Many maps of open water and wetlands have been developed based on three main methods: (i) compiling national/regional wetland surveys; (ii) identifying inundated areas via satellite imagery; and (iii) delineating wetlands as shallow water table areas based on groundwater modelling. However, the resulting global wetland extents vary from 3 % to 21 % of the land surface area because of inconsistencies in wetland definitions and limitations in observation or modelling systems. To reconcile these differences, we propose composite wetland (CW) maps, combining two classes of wetlands: (1) regularly flooded wetlands (RFW) obtained by overlapping selected open-water and inundation datasets; and (2) groundwater-driven wetlands (GDW) derived from groundwater modelling (either direct or simplified using several variants of the topographic index). Wetlands are statically defined as areas with persistent near-saturated soil surfaces because of regular flooding or shallow groundwater. Seven CW maps were generated at the 15 arc-sec resolution (ca 500 m at the Equator) using geographic information system (GIS) tools and by combining one RFW and different GDW maps. To validate this approach, these CW maps were compared with existing wetland datasets at the global and regional scales. The spatial patterns were decently captured, but the wetland extents were difficult to assess against the dispersion of the validation datasets. Compared with the only regional dataset encompassing both GDWs and RFWs, over France, the CW maps performed well and better than all other considered global wetland datasets. Two CW maps, showing the best overall match with the available evaluation datasets, were eventually selected. These maps provided global wetland extents of 27.5 and 29 million km², i.e., 21.1 % and 21.6 % of global land area, which are among the highest values in the literature and in line with recent estimates also recognizing the contribution of GDWs. This wetland class covers 15 % of the global land area compared with 9.7 % for RFW (with an overlap of ca. 3.4 %), including wetlands under canopy/cloud cover, leading to high wetland densities in the tropics and small scattered wetlands that cover less than 5 % of land but are highly important for hydrological and ecological functioning in temperate to arid areas. By distinguishing the RFWs and GDWs based globally on uniform principles, the proposed dataset might be useful for large-scale land surface modelling (hydrological, ecological and biogeochemical modelling) and environmental planning. The dataset consisting of the two selected CW maps and the contributing GDW and RFW maps is available from PANGAEA at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.892657
Turbulent length scales in a fast-flowing, weakly stratified, strait: Cook Strait, New Zealand
Authors: Stevens Craig L.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. There remains much to be learned about the full range of turbulent
motions in the ocean. Here we consider turbulence and overturn scales in the
relatively shallow, weakly stratified, fast-flowing tidal flows of Cook
Strait, New Zealand. With flow speeds reaching 3 m s−1 in a water
column of ∼300 m depth the location is heuristically known to be
highly turbulent. Dissipation rates of turbulent kinetic energy ε, along with the Thorpe scale, LT, are described. Thorpe scales,
often as much as one-quarter of the water depth, are compared with
dissipation rates and background flow speed. Turbulent energy dissipation
rates ε are modest but high for oceans, around 5×10-5 W kg−1. Comparison of the buoyancy-limit Ozmidov scale
LOz suggest the Cook Strait data lie for the majority of the time
in the LOz > LT regime, but not
universally. Also, comparison of direct and LT-based estimates of
ε exhibit reasonable similarity.
Respecting and recognising Indigenous rights when challenged by commercial activities
Authors: Toki Valmaine
Published: August 2018

The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples was hailed as a triumph among Indigenous peoples, signalling a long-awaited recognition of their fundamental human rights. Despite this, many violations of these basic rights continue, particularly in relation to extractive industries and business activities. In response, a business reference guide seeks to inform industries of their responsibilities. This article examines the tenuous relationship between Indigenous rights, state responsibilities and business expectations.
Textbooks for the teaching of te reo Māori
Authors: Nock Sophie
Published: August 2018

As part of a recent study of the teaching and learning of te reo Māori (the Māori language) in English-medium secondary schools in Aotearoa/New Zealand, I asked a sample of teachers which textbooks they used. I then analysed some of those textbooks that were referred to most often, using focus points derived from a review of literature on the design of textbooks for the teaching of additional languages. What I found was that the textbooks analysed were inconsistent with the relevant curriculum guidelines document and were also problematic in a number of other ways. This article discusses a number of the problematic concerns and outlines what would be involved in designing more effective textbooks for Indigenous languages, and textbooks that are in line with current research findings.
Indigenous Research Methodologies
Authors: Hanson Cindy
Published: August 2018

The transnational perspectives offered in Indigenous Research Methodologies by Bagele Chilisa make this book not only a valuable resource for university- and community-based research and engagement, but also one with practical and wide-reaching appeal for scholars, community researchers, and graduate students. Bagele Chilisa, a Botswanabased scholar, undertakes an extensive examination of Indigenous methodologies that draws on theories and practices from a variety of cultural and academic contexts. Her examples range across African proverbs and songs, Indigenous story-telling and mixed research methods including Indigenized Euro-Western approaches.
Indigenous Australia for Dummies
Authors: Wood Asmi
Published: August 2018

It is unfortunate that people often do judge books by their covers (and in this case, title). What this book represents, however, is not content that is ‘dumbed down’ but reflects an elegantly simple overview of a complex subject that is often treated as a ‘deep dark secret’ and is reflective of the authors profound knowledge and intuitive understanding of a wide range of Indigenous cultures and peoples that make up this continent. It makes a great introduction for the many people who share the continent with its Indigenous inhabitants but know very little about its first peoples. In the past this ignorance was possibly linked to neglect, but today often what is worse is that what non-Indigenous people ‘know’ in this regard can be more accurately characterised as misinformation or reductionist stereotypes that are often ‘way off’ the mark.
Editorial
Authors: Moreton-Robinson Aileen , McMillan Mark , Singh David
Published: August 2018

The International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies (IJCIS) now complements the recently launched National Indigenous Research and Knowledges Network (NIRAKN) in its efforts to build Indigenous research capacity. In this context the journal provides a platform for the research of Indigenous postgraduates, early- to mid-career researchers, and senior scholars. Indigenous scholars are therefore encouraged to submit their articles to future editions of the IJCIS, an ‘Excellence in Research for Australia’ (ERA) ranked journal
Maintaining the Integrity of Indigenous Knowledge; Sharing Metis Knowing Through Mixed Methods
Authors: Hutchinson Peter , Dingwall Carlene , Kurtz Donna , Evans Mike , Jones Gareth , Corbett Jon
Published: August 2018

Working collaboratively with Indigenous populations necessitates a focus on partnerships at the core of sharing, implementing and disseminating Indigenous knowledge. The Tri-Council Policy 2 ISSN: ISSN 1837-0144 © International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies Statement (CIHR, 2010) notes that respectful, reciprocal and ethical research standards must be applied to research with Indigenous communities. Métis collaborators identified that relationships must be regarded as the central focus of sharing Metis knowledge. Utilizing an investigation on the health benefits of participating in cultural activities, specifically harvesting, we demonstrate how applying mixed methods meets and informs these research standards and creates a unique, participatory Indigenous research method relevant for Métis people. Building from these research standards, this collaboration developed a method of investigation that shares Indigenous knowledge of population health. This method promotes a sustainable research relationship, moving beyond fragmented research projects and making relational connections between people, data sources and findings
Theorising the structural dynamics of ethnic privilege in Aotearoa
Authors: Barnes Helen Moewaka , Borell Belinda , McCreanor Time
Published: August 2018

Colonial praxis has been imposed on the culture, epistemologies and praxis of indigenous Maori in Aotearoa, entrenching the settler cultural project that ensures the continuation of the colonial state, producing damaging disparities. This article theorises ways in which settler privilege works at multiple levels supporting settler interests, aspirations and sensibilities. In institutions, myriad mundane processes operate through commerce, law, media, education, health services, environment, religion and international relations constituting settler culture, values and norms. Among individuals, settler discursive/ideological frameworks are hegemonic, powerfully influencing interactions with Maori to produce outcomes that routinely suit settlers. In the internalised domain, there is a symbiotic sense of belonging, rightness, entitlement and confidence that the established social hierarchies will serve settler interests. This structure of privilege works together with overt and implicit acts of racism to reproduce a collective sense of superiority. It requires progressive de-mobilising together with anti-racism efforts to enable our society to move toward social justice.
When the marginalised research the privileged
Authors: Borell Belinda
Published: August 2018

Since the introduction of academic research as a tool of imperialism and colonisation, indigenous people have responded to the intent, processes and implementation of its insights about their lives and experiences in a range of ways. While many of these responses have been reactionary, greater epistemological innovation is opening up new ways for indigenous researchers to understand and interpret their social world. Recent efforts have even sought to apply indigenous frameworks to the lives and experiences of their colonisers. This paper outlines one such initiative and attempts to demonstrate how this may provide valuable insights for participants, indigenous researchers and the academy itself.
Impression of Hybridised Indigeneity
Authors: Moon Paul
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this article is to examine how the work of the United Nations (UN) nurtures hybridised constructs of indigeneity, especially through the activities of the United Nations’ Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (UNPFII). This article surveys particular aspects of the literature relating to cultural and indigenous hybridisation, and then applies this to the activities of the UNPFII as a means of interpreting the contribution of the organisation’s work and objectives to portrayals of indigeneity, drawing in the experiences New Zealand’s indigenous Maori as a case study. It concludes that the UNPFII—as a globalising agent—simultaneously promotes the rights of indigenous peoples while masking many of the cultural differences between its constituent members, resulting in a broad conception presented to outsiders of a single, hybridised indigeneity in the international sphere, which is defined and only exists in the hegemonic space created by the UN.
Masculindians, Conversations on Indigenous Manhood
Authors: De Santolo Jason
Published: August 2018

Masculindians, Conversations on Indigenous Manhood has travelled with me over the last few months—I guess together we would have flown, driven and walked over 25,000km. Travelling across the continent, here in Australia, often leaves you with lots of thinking space, and it was perplexing to reflect on our angles on manhood here, as Aboriginal men. As in other parts of the world, the continuing violence of invasion (stolen lands, murders, forced relocations, stolen generations, etc.) impacts on our way of life and those localised nuances of what it is to be a man.
Aboriginal performance as war by other means in the nineteenth century
Authors: Casey Maryrose
Published: August 2018

Commercial performances for entertainment are usually assumed to be lightweight, cultural activities that serve little or no serious purpose. Perhaps because of this typical perspective, prior to the mid-twentieth century, Indigenous Australian performances drawing on their cultural practices for entertainment are often styled as either the result of oppressive exploitation by colonisers or cultural tourism. However, an examination of Indigenous Australian initiated and controlled performances, for entertainment in the nineteenth century, reveals a more complicated picture. In Australia, across the nineteenth century and well into the twentieth, Aboriginal people and the colonisers actively fought for physical, psychological and emotional sovereignty of the land through thousands of performances for entertainment purposes. This might be expected given that Australian Aboriginal cultures are probably the most performance-based in the world—in the sense that explicit, choreographed performances were used for a vast range of social and cultural purposes from education, through to spiritual practices, arranging marriage alliances, to judicial and diplomatic functions. What might be less expected, considering the dominant power position, are the multiple ways in which the white audiences attempted to intrude, interrupt and inhabit these performances. The Aboriginal performers displayed their strength, vitality, high status and continued survival literally in the face of the colonisers and charged them a fee to observe. In response, white audiences both desired these performances and acted in ways to prevent them, often taking over the performance space and bringing events to a quick finish, while complaining that the show did not go on. The battle continued in white performances of Aboriginal practices and the ways in which Aboriginal performance was documented. In the twenty-first century, Aboriginal sportsmen who display their pride in their Aboriginality and opposition to racism continue to negotiate the same fight for space.
Editorial
Authors: Bond Chelsea
Published: August 2018

The higher education sector is experiencing a sustained push toward Indigenising
agendas in both institutional and disciplinary contexts. Indigenous scholars make a
tremendous contribution personally, culturally and intellectually to support this work,
particularly in the educative role that Indigenous staff are inevitably required to
undertake with our students, colleagues, faculties and institutions. In each of these
contexts, the Indigenous scholar is “the subject of inquiry and mode of instruction” (Hart
2003), which poses an array of challenges that often go unnamed and unnoticed, but
remain part of the routine challenges facing Indigenous scholars. While we welcome
the impetus for including Indigenous knowledges and perspectives in curricula and
institutional efforts to enhance Indigenous cultural competencies, we remain critically
cognisant of the burden placed on the Indigenous scholar (or Indigenous unit/school)
and the challenges that they encounter in facilitating culturally safe, transformative
learning opportunities in environments of resistance, resentment and racism.
Collaborating for community-engaged scholarship in health and wellbeing
Authors: Bainbridge Roxanne , Fredericks Bronwyn , Clapham Kathleen , Anderson Clair , Ball Rowena , Longbottom Marlene , Bessarab Dawn , Collard Len , Adams Michael , Roe Yvette , Wilkinson Ngare , Daniels Carolyn
Published: August 2018

In this article, we provide an emic perspective of being uniquely positioned as part of Australia’s only multidisciplinary Indigenous research network, the National Indigenous Research and Knowledges Network (NIRAKN). We used collaborative autoethnography and reflection in our practices and experiences. Our purpose was to better understand and improve the functionality of our research network and practice, and to offer some direction for the growth and sustainability of NIRAKN and similar networks. Our narratives strongly demonstrate that mainstream models of support for Indigenous researchers have major limitations for professional development and cultural safety, and do not meet our needs and realities. The significant message is that we need appropriately resourced exclusive spaces and must lead, develop and define the theoretical and cultural specifications and applications of Indigenous researcher support models in higher education institutions. The model should be cross-disciplinary, have national and international reach and be characterised by connectedness, cultural safety and self-determination, and be located in a resource-rich environment.
What the mapping of Byron Bay Shire’s informal settlement teaches us about having a home without having a house
Authors: Nunan Verity , Dupre Karine
Published: August 2018

This paper aims to add to the research investigating how home is created from the perspective of those who live outside the norms of a conventional house. This research focuses on those members of the community who live in public spaces in self-built camps in the nearby bush lands surrounding Byron Bay and Brunswick Heads (Australia). This study identified what methods people use to control space and create their own space by cross-analysing the patterns that emerged from a questionnaire and mapping data. The research also used ground-up inquiry to validate the statement that every human experience needs to be understood, with the view that we cannot improve one’s housing conditions without understanding the people who live in those conditions and their values. The study identified some of the challenges and opportunities that face these communities which will need to be addressed in order to respond in a meaningful way in the future.
Exploring Environmental Colour Design in Urban Contexts
Authors: McLellan Galyna , Guaralda Mirko
Published: August 2018

The increasing complexity of urban colour and growing recognition of its psychological effects prompts rethinking of the current conceptual and methodological approaches to environmental colour design. Contemporary designers are challenged to understand how evolving colour knowledge can be integrated with the fundamentals of colour design. This paper aims to elaborate on the concept of environmental colour composition (ECC) and outlines an alternative approach to colour design in urban environments. A better understanding of the dynamic relationships between the tangible and perceptual elements of an ECC can bring new meaning to the consideration of colour as an integral component of city design. The proposed concepts of environmental colour events and scenarios provide a foundation for both further theoretical inquiry and practical application of synthesised colour knowledge in the design of urban environments.
Time for action. Implementing the New Urban Agenda in public spaces for health and wellbeing
Authors: Mews Gregor H. , Muminovic Milica , Tranter Paul
Published: August 2018

Urban Agendas are important guiding tools that frame thinking and point to major directions and changes needed. The dominant planning and city development practices in the 20th century resulted in the proliferation of modern cities that brought numerous problems that urban planners and designers are still dealing with. Do we have the capacity and appropriate tools to change the cities of tomorrow to make them more liveable places?The challenges may seem overwhelming. However, there are advantages in strategies that combine acting locally and synergising with other places. Using insights from the Urban Synergies Group this paper represents a summary of initial pathways that may effectively implement the NUA (New Urban Agenda) – a collective vision for sustainable and healthy cities. To address the main issues of the NUA we discuss five key themes. First, we consider the level of commitment to achieve healthier cities for all during the 9th World Urban Forum (WUF 9). Second, we narrow our focus to examine child health and well-being. Third, we introduce an exemplary collaboration that harnesses collective wisdom through empowerment of participants. Fourth, we provide the rationale for the focus on public space. Within the fifth point we summarise tangible actions within the nexus of child health and public space that help to implement the NUA on the ground.
La Imagen de la Monarquía: Moda, espectáculos y política. María Teresa y Margarita Teresa de Austria en busca de un Nuevo Olimpo
Authors: Martínez Albero Miquel
Published: August 2018

El Nuevo Olimpo fue una representación y mascarada en honor del cumpleaños de Mariana de Austria, sobrina de Felipe IV y su flamante nueva esposa. Con este matrimonio se debía obtener la descendencia que legitimaba al monarca, aunque ya tuviera éste una hija de su anterior esposa, María Teresa, con Isabel de Borbón. En 1665 muere el Rey y con la debilidad de su sucesor Carlos II, empieza un torneo político por establecer quién de sus dos hermanas podría ser la legítima heredera al trono español en caso de que éste muera repentinamente: su medio hermana María Teresa, entonces Reina de Francia, o su hermana natural Margarita Teresa, emperatriz del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico. Una legitimidad que, además de librarse en conflictos europeos, lo hará también en una auténtica guerra fría a través de la imagen; la que proyectan personalmente las mismas soberanas mediante el vestido y su apariencia; y la que proyectan alegóricamente en conjunto con sus reales esposos a través de los grandes fastos y espectáculos de corte.
Giacometti: idea, arquetipo y existencia como fundamentos de una estética humanista
Authors: Aguirre-Martínez Guillermo
Published: August 2018

El presente artículo estudia el desplazamiento experimentado por la obra de Giacometti desde un orden esencial hacia uno existencial, así como el intento del artista de conciliar ambos horizontes por medio, primeramente, de la figura humana, consolidando con ello un esfuerzo de lo que podría comprenderse como eslabón primero, fundacional, de una estética humanista.
La estética del cuidado; la creación como actitud y compromiso
Authors: Manonelles Moner Laia
Published: August 2018

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la ética y la estética del cuidado relacionándola con prácticas artísticas colaborativas en las que se fusiona la experiencia vital con la artística. Esta estrecha vinculación entre la esfera íntima y la social nos remite a la consigna “Lo personal es político” (1969), de la feminista Carol Hanisch, que sirve de punto de partida a numerosas artistas, enfocando aquello que tradicionalmente se ha resguardado en el campo de la privacidad. Estas premisas se articularán a partir de varias iniciativas –de artistas como Eulàlia Valldosera, Marga Ximénez y Nora Ancarola– que profundizan en las relaciones de las estructuras familiares y sociales. En las conclusiones se señala, a partir del análisis de casos concretos, cómo la creación puede devenir un instrumento para potenciar un pensamiento crítico y para politizar el malestar social.
A Solutions-Based Approach to Building Data-Sharing Partnerships
Authors: Wiehe Sarah E. , Rosenman Marc B. , Chartash David , Lipscomb Elaine R. , Nelson Tammie L. , Magee Lauren A. , Fortenberry J. Dennis , Aalsma Matthew C.
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Although researchers recognize that sharing disparate data can
improve population health, barriers (technical, motivational, economic, political,
legal, and ethical) limit progress. In this paper, we aim to enhance the van Panhuis et
al. framework of barriers to data sharing; we present a complementary solutions-based
data-sharing process in order to encourage both emerging and established researchers,
whether or not in academia, to engage in data-sharing partnerships.Brief Description of
Major Components: We enhance the van Panhuis et al. framework in three ways. First, we
identify the appropriate stakeholder(s) within an organization (e.g., criminal justice
agency) with whom to engage in addressing each category of barriers. Second, we provide
a representative sample of specific challenges that we have faced in our data-sharing
partnerships with criminal justice agencies, local clinical systems, and public health.
Third, and most importantly, we suggest solutions we have found successful for each
category of barriers. We grouped our solutions into five core areas that cut across the
barriers as well as stakeholder groups: Preparation, Clear Communication,
Funding/Support, Non-Monetary Benefits, and Regulatory Assurances.Our solutions-based
process model is complementary to the enhanced framework. An important feature of the
process model is the cyclical, iterative process that undergirds it. Usually,
interactions with new data-sharing partner organizations begin with the leadership team
and progress to both the data management and legal teams; however, the process is not
always linear.Conclusions and Next Steps: Data sharing is a powerful tool in population
health research, but significant barriers hinder such partnerships. Nevertheless, by
aspiring to community-based participatory research principles, including partnership
engagement, development, and maintenance, we have overcome barriers identified in the
van Panhuis et al. framework and have achieved success with various data-sharing
partnerships.In the future, systematically studying data-sharing partnerships to clarify
which elements of a solutions-based approach are essential for successful partnerships
may be helpful to academic and non-academic researchers. The organizational climate is
certainly a factor worth studying also because it relates both to barriers and to the
potential workability of solutions.
Hacia una eclesiología responsable. Sobre la iglesia de los mártires en El Salvador, según Mons. O. A. Romero e I. Ellacuría
Authors: Chopin Juan Vicente
Published: August 2018

El presente artículo afronta el tema del martirio cristiano desde la perspectiva de la responsabilidad. En primer lugar se establece la relación entre el ministerio episcopal de Mons. Oscar Arnulfo Romero y la teología de Ignacio Ellacuría, como ejemplos concretos de la actualidad del martirio, y para establecer la relación entre praxis eclesial y eclesiología. En segundo lugar, se presenta el martirio desde la categoría de sacramento, evidenciando que esa dimensión tiene una fuerte base antropológica, filosófica y litúrgico-sacramental, los ejemplos presentados son el bautismo y la eucaristía. La conclusión presenta a la iglesia desde una sacramentalidad responsable, es decir, los mártires es lo más creíble de la realidad eclesial, porque en ellos se da el mayor grado de cercanía entre Dios y los hombres.Teoría y Praxis Año 8, No. 16, Febrero de 2010, pp.19-42
El colonialismo como encubrimiento del otro
Authors: Montano Rudy
Published: August 2018

El artículo pretende plantear una definición del encubrimiento y sus manifestaciones en tres situaciones históricas diferentes: la relación entre Europa y Oriente, la relación entre Europa y América y en la actualidad, la relación entre Estados Unidos y el mundo islámico. El punto en común de estas tres situaciones es que se usan términos optimistas para encubrir realidades de explotación, exclusión y marginación.Teoría y Praxis Año 8, No. 16, Febrero de 2010, pp.43-56
The Perspectives of Medical Students in China to Undergo Short-Term Training Abroad
Authors: Huang Yu-zhuang , Cheng Xin , Brand-Saberi Beate , Yang Xuesong
Published: August 2018

Jinan University in Guangdong province has several years experience of sending medical students abroad for short-term training, based on the schools’ agreement with international universities. Currently, we analyze the problems and experience including the medical students’ favorite countries, timing, purposes, academic marks, and expenses etc., which came forth from medical students of Jinan University who had participated in the short-term training in the past several years. Our survey suggests that the choices of Chinese medical students about the host universities vary,  although the universities in Western countries are still the most popular. The optimal timing the students prefer for short-term training abroad is during vacation especially after grade 2. Broadening the horizons, learning the different knowledge and increasing their academic experience are the major objectives for most exchange students. Furthermore, the survey shows that students hope to improve exchange students’ status management and credit acknowledgement system among interschool administrations. This study could supply useful information for the upcoming exchange students for Chinese medical universities/schools and meanwhile, for the host universities receiving Chinese medical students in the world. Hence, both universities and medical students will benefit for more efficiently implementing the exchange programs in the future.
Nutrient acquisition and eucalyptus growth affected by humic acid sources and concentrations
Authors: Morais Everton Geraldo de , Silva Carlos Alberto , Rosa Sara Dantas
Published: August 2018

Humic acid (HA) can increase eucalyptus growth due to its biostimulant effect and improvement in plant nutrient uptake. Magnitude of these stimuli varies according to the source, chemical composition, presence of bioactive fragments, and concentration of HA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HA sources and concentrations on dry matter, accumulation and uptake efficiency (UpE) of nutrients for eucalyptus seedlings cultivated in nutrient solution. A randomized block experimental design was adopted, with four replications, in a 3x4+1 factorial scheme, in which three sources of HA (HA-L1 and HA-L2, derived from different commercial HA extracted from leonardite with 0.5 mol L-1 NaOH and 0.5 mol L-1 KOH, respectively, and HA-Com, which was extracted from compost with 0.5 mol L-1 KOH) were combined with four concentrations of C-HA (5, 10, 25, and 100 mg L-1) as well as a control treatment in which eucalyptus was cultivated without HA. Eucalyptus seedlings were grown for 20 days, maintaining three plants per pot. At the end of the experiment, production of shoot dry matter (SDM), root dry matter (RDM), and total dry matter (TDM); the Root: Shoot dry matter ratio; and the accumulations of N, P, K, Ca, B, Cu, Fe, and Zn in the shoot and root were evaluated as well as the UpE of these nutrients by the seedlings. Maximum production of SDM was reached at the concentrations of 14 and 13.5 mg L-1 of C-HA, for HA-L1 and HA-Com, respectively. The RDM increased with the use of HA-Com, with optimal concentration of 55 mg L-1 of C-HA. Accumulation of Fe in the eucalyptus shoot decreased in HA-treated pots, compromising Fe translocation from the root to the shoot. Regardless of HA source used, Cu accumulation by plants diminishes as C-HA concentration increases. A greater growth of eucalyptus at concentrations lower than 15 mg L-1 of C-HA occurs more through the stimulus to shoot and root growth than due to greater acquisition and UpE of nutrients by plants. Use of high concentrations of C-HA requires greater concentration of some micronutrients in the nutrient solution tested.
Earthworms and Fusarium oxysporum: effect on strawberry plant growth and production
Authors: Infante Mario Gámiz , Guerrero Manuel Avilés , Vega Celia Borrero , Demetrio Wilian Carlo , Dionísio Jair Alves
Published: August 2018

Earthworms are soil invertebrates that play an important environmental role and are often referred to as “ecosystem engineers”. These invertebrates can influence several organisms, from microscopic life forms to plants. Although many works had reported positive effects of earthworms on plant growth, studies combining these invertebrates and soil pathogens showed numerous positive interactions. Fusarium wilt is a global disease that can cause severe damage to strawberry fields. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of inoculation of earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) and Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae) in strawberry plants. This greenhouse experiment was carried out in the University of Seville School of Agricultural Engineering, Utrera City, Spain. Strawberries (Rooted cuttings) were planted in plastic pots and administered the following treatments: Control (absence of F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae and earthworms), T1 (absence of F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, two L. terrestris per pot), T2 (inoculum of F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, absence of L. terrestris), and T3 (inoculum of F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae and two L. terrestris). Weekly fruit production was measured for seven months. After this period the shoot fresh weight and the leaf nutrient content was measured. The results obtained showed no interaction between L. terrestris and F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae on strawberry production. T1 treatment resulted in fruit production superior to other treatments, including the control. An absence of differences in dry shoot matter was observed with earthworm treatment, and small differences were found in the leaf nutrient content. The earthworm inoculation was unable to suppress the negative effects of Fusarium wilt in strawberry production. However, positive effects such as a reduction in the disease severity were found in the earthworm treated plants. In treatments without F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae inoculation, the presence of earthworms increased plant productivity by 44.21 g per pot, compared with the control.
Changes in quality during maturation of physalis fruit
Authors: Silva Polyana Barbosa da , Silva Silvanda De Melo , Silva Josilene Amaro da , Mendonça Rejane Maria Nunes , Pereira Walter Esfrain
Published: August 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in quality of fruits of two species of physalis (P. angulata and P. pubescens) harvested from family farmer orchards in different maturity stages, comparing with fully ripen fruits to those of the commercial species (P. peruviana) of similar maturity. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in five maturity stages for P. angulata and in four for P. pubescens. Data were submitted to variance analysis and means of the maturity stages compared by the Tukey test at 5 % probability. For the comparison of fully ripen fruits of P. peruviana with the two species produced in different locations were used six replications and the means compared by Dunnett's test at 5 % probability. The fruit diameter varied from 15.1 to 18.0 mm that classifies it as of caliber B. During maturation the color of the fruit evolved from green to totally yellow (P. angulata) and to yellow-brown with purplish features (P. pubescens). The soluble solids (SS) contents of the fruits of P. angulata were superior to those of P. pubescens and the commercial species. Comparing with commercial species, the SS/AT ratio was higher in locally produced fruits, indicating more palatable fruits. Fruits of P. angulata present favorable characteristics for fresh consumption, with potential for extensive cultivation and trade in family horticulture.