bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calibration and validation of APISM-Wheat Model in Mediterranean areas
Authors: Ibnmrhar Meryem , Bouabdli Abdelhak , Baghdad Bouamar , Moussadek Rachid
Published: August 2024

The Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator-Wheat (APSIM-Wheat) model is one of the most widely used agricultural models. It is a powerful simulator that has been successfully calibrated and tested for many locations in the world, especially in Western Australia (WA). However, there is a noticeable lack of a standard guide for realizing the calibration validation of APSIM-Wheat that could be applied in areas with a Mediterranean climate similar to that of WA. Therefore, this study aims to examine crop simulations reported in published articles and to provide a detailed description of input data and statistical assessment, which represent the two main components of the calibration-validation protocols. The PRISMA (PREFERRED Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) method was used to identify and select relevant papers for this review. Following the analysis of 31 calibration protocols extracted from selected eligible articles, it was found that regardless of the objective of using APSIM-Wheat, the same category of data is required for calibration. As far as meteorological data is concerned, the information essential to this study was daily maximum and minimum air temperatures, rainfall (mm), and solar radiation. In the case of soil data, information about the texture and hydraulic characteristics, especially PAWC, DUL and LL was required. Regarding agricultural management data, this pertains to cultivated crops, Nitrogen fertilization (rate and time of application) and sowing (date and density). For the statistical evaluation, it was observed that 90 percent of studies analyzed in this review revealed the use of RMSE.
Design and feed two models for microstrip antenna in two different feed methods and compare their properties
Authors: Mohammed Ammar , Alshamri Mshari Ayed Asker
Published: August 2024

In any wireless communication, the antenna plays a very important role. The need in this technology is to reduce the size of the antenna, weight, and cost with a low profile, high performance, and low return loss (RL), which is what researchers are striving for. This paper attempts to implement a rectangular microstrip patch antenna and analyze its performance for different types of feeding techniques. In this research, we designed two thin slice antennas fed in two different ways, using FR4 epoxy as an insulating substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.3. Copper was used as a conducting material for the radiating patch and the transmission line, with nearly similar geometrical dimensions. The first antenna has dimensions of (31x 26x1.6) m3 and the second antenna has dimensions of (30x27x1.6) m3. The first antenna operates with a coaxial probe feed technique and the second one operates with a microstrip line feed technique. The return loss for the first antenna we obtained is -26.0113dB with a standing wave voltage ratio of 1.1053 at a frequency of 3.59GHz, and -24.743GHz with a standing wave voltage ratio of 1.8908 at a frequency of 5.529GHz. The return loss for the second antenna is -27.468dB with a standing wave voltage ratio of 1.0884 at a frequency of 3.45GHz. The design, simulation, and inclusion of shapes and graphics for both antennas were done using the CST (Computer Simulation Tool) program
Effect of Vitamin D deficiency and some hematological parameters in Iraqi female patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Noori Ali Ekhlass , Hasan Hussein Ranya , Taher Mohammed Sabaa , Ali Ajah Hamzia
Published: August 2024

Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs. Vitamin D deficiency is considered potential environmental factor triggering some autoimmune disorders, including SLE. This study was performed for determination of effect of vitamin D deficiency in SLE infection or disease worsening, and the relationship of ESR, HB, and WBCs with level of vitamin D in SLE disease, in addition to determine which of the previous parameter may describe the disease case of patients.
Methods: This study included fifty three (53) SLE female patients and twenty six (26) healthy females were included. White blood count (WBC) and Heamoglobin (Hb) were determined in complete blood count (CBC) device, traditional Westergren method was used for Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) estimation, vitamin D was measured by using enzyme link immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) Kit.
Results: The results showed a significant decrease in the hemoglobin levels in the SLE patients; significant increase was noticed in the ESR of SLE patients and significant increase was noticed in the WBC counts compared to the control group’s samples. A significant decrease in serum levels of vitamin D in patients compared to apparently healthy controls.
Conclusions: Photosensitivity to sun in SLE patients contributed in decrease of vitamin D blood-levels. According to the ROC results, each of Hb, WBC, ESR and vitamin D may describe the disease case of patients.
EFFECTIVENESS OF SLOW-MATION PACKAGE AND POWERPOINT PRESENTATION ON ACHIEVEMENT OF PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS HEALTH EDUCATION
Authors: Ologele Ibrahim
Published: August 2024

The traditional method of teaching and learning dominate the method of learning that is prominent in Nigeria. The uses of technology for educational system enhance effective teaching learning activity. Therefore, the study investigates the effectiveness of slow-mation package and power point presentation on achievement of primary school pupils Health Education. A quasi-experimental of pre-test, post-test and control single groups design was used for the research. Sixty pupils from the two selected schools formed the sample for the study. The pupils assigned to both and were later tested with Ceramics Achievement Test for data collection. Mean and standard deviation used to test the research questions while t-test analysis used for the formulated hypotheses. A quasi-experimental design was used to determine differences in academic performance of male and female pupils as well as those in private and public school taught with slow-mation package and those taught with power point presentation. The results of the findings indicated that there was no significant difference between male and female students, there was no significant difference between private and public pupils taught with slow-mation package and those taught with power point presentation. As a result of the research, it was recommended that the State Ministry of Education should organise training for primary school teachers on the use of slow-motion and power point presentations which facilitate effective teaching and learning activity.
STAFF DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES AND TEACHERS’ INSTRUCTIONAL TASK PERFORMANCE IN KWARA STATE PRIMARY SCHOOLS, NIGERIA
Authors: Fashiku Christopher Oluwatoyin , Jumoke Atere Kafayat , Abiola Yusuf Abubakar , Florence O Adeleke
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The Population of the study consisted of 14,206 public primary school teachers and 1,406 head teachers in the three senatorial districts of Kwara State. The sample for the study comprised 400 teachers and 40 head teachers which were selected using a multistage sampling procedure. A self-designed validated research instrument titled “Staff Development and Teachers’ Instructional Task Performance” (SDTITP) was used to collect data for the study. The reliability of the instrument was ensured with a coefficient index of 0.77. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency counts and percentage scores. The results showed that in-service training 76.1; mentoring 68.6%, seminars 63.9%; and workshops 62.7%) were the types of development programmes available for the teachers; frequencies of conducting the programme were once every session and the mode used by the management in selecting staff for the development programmes was based on bias/prejudice 68.2%, seniority 65%, and the subject taught 72%.  The study concluded that the development programmes of in-service training, mentoring, seminars, and workshops were staff development programmes used by the Kwara state  Government for their primary school teachers. However, it was discovered that not all the teachers had the privilege of being selected to go for the programme. It was recommended among others that: the management should endeavour to add conferences as part of the professional development programmes made available for primary school teachers in Kwara State to enhance their pedagogic skills and competence towards meeting the expectations of the general public. Keywords:  development; programmes; primary; schools; teachers’ task.
Sistem Informasi Pengajuan Nota Dinas (Studi di Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Kuningan)
Authors: Permana Aji
Published: August 2024

Proses kinerja pengelolaan keuangan Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah (SKPD) dan Kementerian Negara/Lembaga tidak terlepas dengan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, serta pengendalian pengelolaan anggaran. Proses pembuatan RKA sampai konsep DIPA yang telah ditelaah dan disahkan oleh Kementerian Keuangan c.q. Direktorat Jenderal Perbendaharaan sudah berjalan dengan baik secara sistem SKDP, namun proses pengajuan anggaran (nota pencairan), realisasi kegiatan serta proses pelaporan belum sepenuhnya sesuai. Sistem pengajuan nota dinas ini dapat membantu mengelola secara rinci mulai dari tahap pengajuan anggaran (nota), verifikasi pengajuan tehadap RKA, proses approval bagian keuangan dan pimpinan serta dapat mengelola pelaporan dari realisasi kegiatan yang dilakukan serta mengelola rincian anggaran dalam Buku Kas Umum agar bagian keuangan maupun pimpinan dapat melihat proses RKA yang direalisasikan serta dapat memantau prosentase anggaran yang digunakan berikut sisa anggaran yang ada pada masing-masing RKA pada unit/ bidang
Penegakan Hukum terhadap Peredaran Rokok Illegal di Kabupaten Kuningan
Authors: Budiman Haris
Published: August 2024

Saat ini pemerintah Indonesia telah menunjukkan komitmen yang kuat untuk meningkatkan pendapatan negara melalui berbagai sumber, termasuk perpajakan, penerimaan negara bukan pajak (PNBP), dan hibah. Namun demikian meski dengan kerangka hukum yang kuat, realitas di lapangan sering berbeda. Peredaran rokok ilegal adalah salah satu contoh nyata. Barang-barang ilegal ini tidak hanya merugikan negara dari sisi pendapatan cukai, tetapi juga berdampak negatif pada industri rokok legal dan kesehatan masyarakat. Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 2007 menetapkan hukuman yang jelas untuk pelanggaran terkait cukai, namun tantangan dalam penegakan hukum masih terjadi, terutama di daerah dengan keterbatasan sumber daya. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian adalah, bagaimana pengaturan tentang kewenangan kepolisian terhadap peredaran rokok illegal dan cukai rokok menurut peraturan perundang-undangan, dan bagaimana penegakan hukum oleh kepolisian terhadap peredaran rokok ilegal di Kabupaten Kuningan.  Metode penelitian yang digunakan yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan bersifat deskriptif analitis. Hasil pembahasan menunjukan bahwa pengaturan tentang kewenangan kepolisian dalam penegakan hukum peredaran rokok ilegal masih bertumpu pada Undang Undang Nomor 2 tahun 2002 tentang Kepolisian, kewenangan yang dilakukan oleh kepolisian dilakukan dengan dua cara yaitu secara preventif berupa mengadakan Penyuluhan Hukum, sosialisasi peraturan, sosialisasi bahaya rokok illegal dan sosialisasi Izin Timbun. Kewenangan refresif dilakukan dengan cara melakukan penangkapan dan Operasi Pasar. Oleh karena itu pemerintah hendaknya segera membuat pembaharuan hukum agar kepolisian memiliki kewenangan yang lebih besar dalam penanganan peredaran rokok ilegal.
Digital Natives and the Advantages of their Generation to the Business World
Authors: Egbon Thomastina Nkechi , Okolie Ugo Chuks
Published: August 2024

The divide between individuals who were brought up with technological devices (digital natives) and those who possess not (digital immigrants) is getting wider as a result of the ongoing advancement of technological devices. However, this gap is present in the business sector today. As a result, this study investigates the traits and actions of digital natives in the business world. This study used an analytical approach, depending on secondary data and content analysis to interpret the data that was collected. According to the study's conclusion, businesses that recognise and value the potential of digital natives will be more competitive in the long run. In order to accomplish this, managers must interact with this generation using novel, frequently nuanced techniques and behaviours. This does not imply that everything businesses have done in past decades to attract as well as retain talent is no longer relevant. However, we must expand our toolkits and alter our work cultures and beliefs.
Ununited Bone Ossicle in a Patient With Patellar Tendinopathy
Authors: Beyer Emily B. , Jelsing Elena J. , Hurd Wendy J.
Published: August 2024

A 40-year-old man presented to a physician for knee pain when squatting and in resisted knee extension. The initial diagnosis was patellar tendinopathy. Following physical therapy treatment, a sports medicine physician was consulted for a second opinion. Radiography, diagnostic ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging were performed, confirming the original diagnosis and revealing Hoffa's fat pad impingement secondary to an ununited ossicle.

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(11):885. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.7443
Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: A Case Report of Delayed Diagnosis in a Younger Man
Authors: Wood Lianne , Dunstan Eleanor , Davies Benjamin
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND: Degenerative cervical myelopathy is most caused by degenerative cervical stenosis in an over 55-year age group. However, it may occur in younger ages, most commonly due to large cervical disc protrusions.

CASE PRESENTATION: The case report describes a 42-year-old male, who presented with progressive ataxia and upper limb discoordination over a 4-year period. He was initially diagnosed and treated for bilateral carpal tunnel releases. Following his persistent symptoms, cervical magnetic resonance imaging was performed, which confirmed a large cervical C4/5 disc protrusion.

OUTCOME AND FOLLOW-UP: Although initially managed with observation, his continuing decline resulted in emergency cervical decompression. Surgery for myelopathy aims to prevent further deterioration, and timely treatment is therefore critical to restoring function.

DISCUSSION: This case highlights the difficulties faced by people with degenerative cervical myelopathy to obtain a diagnosis and treatment, and the consequences. Myelopathy is an important differential diagnosis to consider irrespective of age. Where suspected, a cervical spine MRI should be requested. JOSPT Cases 2022;2(4):220–225. Epub: 12 October 2022. doi:10.2519/josptcases.2022.11088
Applying the Pain-Monitoring Model in a Female Elite Tennis Player With Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy: A Case Report
Authors: Méndez Diego H. , Soliño Santiago , Villalba Federico , Silbernagel Karin Grävare
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND: Tendinopathies are the most frequent overuse injury in tennis players although proximal hamstring tendinopathy (PHT) is uncommon. The pain-monitoring model is an approach used in other tendinopathies, but there is no data exploring its application in PHT.

CASE PRESENTATION: This report describes the pain-monitoring model in the management of a 24-year-old female tennis player with right PHT. She had an insidious onset of a sharp and localized pain without irradiation. Hip joint involvement was ruled out.

OUTCOME AND FOLLOW-UP: The rehabilitation was mainly based on progressive strength exercises and managing training loads based on the use of the pain-monitoring model. After 24 weeks of treatment, the player resumed unrestricted training with a Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Proximal Hamstring Tendons questionnaire (VISA-H) score of 76/100 and an Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center questionnaire (OSTRC) severity score of 0.

DISCUSSION: This case report shows the feasibility of the pain-monitoring model in the management of PHT achieving the aim to progressively strengthen the hamstrings minimizing the loss of tennis-specific load. JOSPT Cases 2022;2(4):240–247. Epub: 17 October 2022. doi:10.2519/josptcases.2022.11372
Desafios e caminhos para a equidade em saúde na atenção primária
Authors: Reis Bianca Mayana Ribeiro , Rocha Gisele Barbosa , Salgado Maria Clara dos Santos , Vieira Raíssa Gabriele da Cruz , Gama Sabrina de Oliveira , Santos Sabrina Larissa Ferreira dos , Araújo Sarah Mendes da Silva , Lima Maria Mônica Machado de Aguiar , Lima Yara Macambira Santana , Valentim Lívia de Aguiar
Published: August 2024

Objetivo: Compartilhar um relato de experiência vivenciado na disciplina de Enfermagem Comunitária. Relato de experiência: Trata-se de um relato de experiência de alunas de enfermagem da Universidade Estadual do Pará, no 5º período, de março a agosto de 2023. Os desafios identificados para a equidade na APS incluíam desigualdades socioeconômicas e culturais, falta de conhecimento sobre direitos à saúde em grupos marginalizados e sobrecarga de trabalho devido à escassez de profissionais de saúde. Na discussão, destaque-se que a APS é crucial para a prevenção e promoção da saúde. Os determinantes sociais da saúde afetam a equidade, e a participação comunitária é fundamental para identificar as necessidades locais. Acesso geográfico e infraestrutura adequada também são relevantes, especialmente em regiões remotas. A capacitação dos profissionais de saúde e o monitoramento contínuo são essenciais para abordar as desigualdades. Considerações finais: Portanto, a equidade na APS é uma responsabilidade compartilhada pela sociedade para construir um sistema de saúde mais justo e inclusivo. A compreensão sobre a equidade e a implementação de políticas públicas são fundamentais para superar as desigualdades e garantir a todos acesso justo à saúde.
Aplicativos para dor crônica e riscos de uso abusivo de opioides
Authors: Soares Lucielena Maria de Sousa Garcia , Moraes Erica Brandão de , Seixas Flavio Luiz , Cunha Karinne Cristinne da Silva , Goulart Maithê de Carvalho e Lemos , Costa Lina Rosa Brum
Published: August 2024

Objetivo: Identificar na literatura as evidências sobre o uso de aplicativos móveis para pacientes com dor crônica e os riscos para uso abusivo de opioides. Métodos: Revisão de escopo segundo metodologia do Instituto Joanna Briggs, para responder às perguntas: Quais as evidências sobre o uso de tecnologias, na forma de aplicativos, para pacientes com dor crônica em risco de uso abusivo de opioides? E quais os tipos de aplicativos utilizados e quais riscos para o uso abusivo de opioides são mencionados nestes estudos? O protocolo da revisão foi registrado no Open Science Framework. Os estudos foram recuperados das bases de dados e fontes de literatura cinzenta. A seleção e extração foi realizada por dois revisores independentes, pela análise do título e resumo, seguida pela leitura na íntegra. Resultados: Foram analisados 28 estudos com aplicativos para dor crônica contemplando as seguintes categorias 33% foram aplicativos educacionais, 25% assistenciais, 17% gerenciais, e 25% outras categorias. Considerações finais: Os achados da revisão de escopo apontaram a existência de aplicativos relacionados à temática, sendo que os aplicativos educacionais apontaram para o uso dessa tecnologia como facilitadora da educação de pacientes com dor crônica para a prevenção de uso abusivo e demais riscos relacionados aos opioides.
Avaliação de profissionalismo na residência médica
Authors: Arai Belize Keiko , Batista Giovana Knapik , Souza Renata Burghausen Valença de , Ribeiro Elaine Rossi , Bellani William Augusto Gomes de Oliveira
Published: August 2024

Objetivo: Compreender a avaliação de profissionalismo na residência médica por meio de uma revisão integrativa. Métodos: Para a revisão foram utilizados os termos do Medical Subject Headings: “professionalism”, “evaluation”, “medical residency” e “medical education”; “profissionalismo”, “avaliação”, “residência médica” e “educação médica” dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde. Os mesmos foram simultaneamente pesquisados utilizando o operador boleano “AND” nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PubMed e ScienceDirect. Selecionaram-se publicações na íntegra, de acesso gratuito, em português, inglês e espanhol num período de cinco anos (setembro de 2018 a setembro de 2023). Resultados: Um total de 2.172 artigos foi encontrado na revisão integrativa e 2.145 artigos foram excluídos após a leitura dos títulos; destes, sete eram duplicados, seis não eram pertinentes após leitura do resumo e seis não estavam em consonância com o tema após a leitura na íntegra, restando 16 artigos selecionados para comporem a revisão. Considerações finais: Considera-se que há variados métodos para ensinar e avaliar profissionalismo em residência médica e que não há uma padronização sobre a melhor maneira de ensiná-lo e avaliá-lo.
Evaluation of anemia as comorbidity in elderly subjects aged 65 years and above admitted to hospital for other medical problems
Authors: Kathiravan E. , Devi Agalya , Sindhuri R. , Mohan Reenaa , Saravanan V. , Reveda M. , Balaji Roghan , Pooja A. K.
Published: August 2024

Objectives:

The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) To find out the proportion of anemia in the elderly aged 65 years and above admitted to hospital for other medical problems. (2) To determine the association between sociodemographic variables, other comorbidities, and anemia in the elderly aged 65 years and above.

Material and Methods:

Hospital-based analytical cross-sectional study was done. This study was conducted for period of one year among 236 geriatric patients who were admitted for other medical disorders and they were evaluated for anemia. Patients with hemoglobin cutoff value <13% g for men and <12% g for women were considered for further evaluation of anemia (using clinical and biochemical evaluation). Ethical principals were adhered. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Software version 23.0.

Results:

Among the 236 elderly patients, recruited in the study, 65.3% were anemic. About 75.8% had at least one comorbidity such as coronary artery disease, chronic respiratory illness, renal diseases, arthritis, liver diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, cardiovascular accidents, carcinomas, diabetes, and hypertension. All these comorbidities except diabetes and hypertension had shown to be significantly associated with anemic status of the elderly patients.

Conclusion:

This study concludes that, anemia was highly prevalent among hospitalized elderly patients and it is highly associated with other comorbid conditions.
Patient safety initiatives and practices in Nigerian healthcare settings: A comprehensive analysis of current knowledge, challenges, and barriers
Authors: Tamuno-opubo Addah Temple , Uthman Tinuoye Jamiu , Ojuope Adeniyi Victor , Adeleke Aanuoluwapo Blessing , Oluwasegun Joshua Oduyeru , Tuwleh Levi
Published: August 2024

The imperative of patient safety in healthcare takes a central stage, more so in the context of Nigeria. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the patient safety landscape in Nigeria, drawing on 12 empirical studies. This study aims to elucidate the multifarious challenges and barriers health-care professionals encounter in Nigeria concerning patient safety. Concurrently, it delves into the prevailing patient safety culture and the factors shaping it. This study used secondary data to conduct a systematic review of existing literature; 12 studies, spanning from 2015 to 2022, were meticulously examined. These explorations cover a broad spectrum of patient safety aspects in Nigeria, focusing particularly on the insights of nurses and doctors. Through the use of thematic analysis, the studies’ synthesis illuminates a significant gap between the envisioned safety protocols and their on-ground realization. Exacerbating this challenge is the acute lack of resources, which invariably hampers the quality of care. In addition, barriers to effective communication and inadequate reporting mechanisms emerge as significant obstacles. The deficiencies in consistent training and education are also prominent, which stand as potential vulnerabilities in the system. The palpable need for heightened awareness, emphasis on recurrent training initiatives, and strict adherence to established safety guidelines are amplifying these concerns. It was, thus, concluded that the healthcare trajectory in Nigeria, as informed by this review, underscores a pressing need for systemic interventions to elevate patient safety standards. Such a transformative journey demands the concerted efforts of all stakeholders, fostering an environment that prioritizes patient safety and enhances the overall trust in Nigeria’s healthcare system.
THE FORMATION OF A CULTURE OF MOVEMENT AS A TOOL FOR THE EMOTIONAL AND COMMUNICATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF OLDER PRESCHOOLERS
Authors: Быховская И.М. , Семыкина Н.С.
Published: August 2024

В статье рассматривается процесс социализации личности стар- ших дошкольников на основе стратегии сопряжения двух его векторов: формиро- вания двигательной культуры ребенка и развития его эмоционально-коммуника- тивной культуры. В отличие от традиционного рассмотрения этих двух направ- лений деятельности как относительно самостоятельных, в статье обосновывается возможность и продуктивность использования богатого потенциала двигательных практик не только для физического совершенствования ребенка, «окультурива- ния» его телесно-двигательной активности, но и для формирования и закрепления его коммуникативных навыков, развития культуры эмоционального самовыраже- ния. Выбор возрастной группы (старшие дошкольники) для анализа обозначенного подхода обусловлен как высокой значимостью этого периода для процесса социа- лизации, так и практическим опытом работы с такой группой у одного из авторов статьи.
PM2.5 exposure disparities persist despite strict vehicle emissions controls in California
Authors: Koolik Libby , Alvarado Álvaro , Budahn Amy , Plummer Laurel , Marshall Julian , Apte Joshua
Published: August 2024

As policymakers increasingly focus on environmental justice, a key question is whether emissions reductions aimed at addressing air quality or climate change can also ameliorate persistent air pollution exposure disparities. We examine evidence from California’s aggressive vehicle emissions control policy from 2000-2019. We find a 65% reduction in modeled statewide average exposure to PM2.5 from on-road vehicles, yet for people of color and overburdened community residents, relative exposure disparities increased. Light-duty vehicle emissions are the main driver of the exposure and exposure disparity, although smaller contributions from heavy-duty vehicles especially impact some overburdened groups. Our findings suggest that a continued trend of emissions reductions will likely reduce concentrations and absolute disparity but may not reduce relative disparities without greater attention to the systemic factors leading to this disparity.
Expedited Aminoglutarimide C-N Cross-Coupling Enabled by High-Throughput Experimentation
Authors: Gu Jacqueline , Oderinde Martins , Li Hui , Roberts Frederick , Ganley Jacob , Palkowitz Maximilian
Published: August 2024

A simple protocol for the direct Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling of (hetero)aryl halides with unprotected aminoglutarimide to afford diverse Cereblon Binding Motifs is disclosed. This C-N cross-coupling method development was enabled by high throughput combinatory screening of key reaction parameters namely solvents, temperatures and ligands. Scope studies revealed generality across various heteroaryl and aryl halides, with the reaction proceeding under mild conditions. In comparison, this method demonstrated strategic superiority over previously reported approaches, as evidenced by a significant step count reduction from known syntheses in the patent literature.
Molecular Mechanisms for Stabilizing Biologics in the Solid State
Authors: Ling Jing , Du Yong , Wuelfing W. Peter , Buist Nicole , Krishnamachari Yogita , Xi Hanmi , Templeton Allen C. , Su Yongchao
Published: August 2024

Protein drugs exhibit challenges of biophysical and biochemical instability due to their structural complexity and rich dynamics. Solid-state biologics aim to enhance stability by increasing molecular rigidity within the formulation matrix, representing a primary category of drug products alongside sterile liquid formulations. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind the stabilization and destabilization of protein drugs, influenced by formulation composition and drying processes, provides scientific rationale for drug product design. This review aims to elaborate on the two primary models of water-to-sugar substitution and matrix vitrification, respectively, via thermodynamic and kinetic stabilization. It offers an up-to-date review of experimental investigations into these hypotheses, specifically elucidating protein structure and protein-excipient interactions at the molecular level, molecular dynamics across a broad range of motion regimes, and microscopic attributes such as protein-sugar and protein-salt miscibility and microenvironmental acidity, in relevant liquid, frozen, and solid states, using advanced biophysical techniques for solid-state analysis. Moreover, we discuss how this mechanistic understanding facilitates the investigation and prediction of critical stability behaviors and enables the design of solid biological drug products.
Modeling the ionization efficiency of small molecules in positive electrospray ionization using molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Abrahamsson Dimitri , Koronaiou Lelouda-Athanasia , Johnson Trevor , Lambropoulou Dimitra
Published: August 2024

Technological advancements in liquid chromatography (LC) electrospray ionization (ESI) high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) have made it an increasingly popular analytical technique in non-targeted analysis (NTA) of environmental and biological samples. One critical limitation of current methods in NTA is the lack of available analytical standards for many of the compounds detected in biological and environmental samples. Computational approaches can provide estimates of concentrations by modeling the ionization efficiency of a compound expressed as the relative response factor (RRF). In this paper, we explore the application of molecular dynamics (MD) in the development of a predictive model for RRF. We obtained measurements of RRF for 48 compounds with LC - quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) MS and calculated their RRF by dividing the observed peak areas by their concentrations. We used the CGenFF force field to generate the topologies and GROMACS to conduct the (MD) simulations (t = 1 ns). We calculated the Lennard-Jones and Coulomb interactions between the analytes and all other molecules in the ESI droplet, which were then used to construct a multilinear regression model for predicting RRF. The best performing model showed a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.82 and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.13 log units. This performance is comparable to other predictive models including machine learning models. While there is a need for further evaluation of diverse chemical structures, our approach showed great promise in predictions of RRF.
Knowles Partitioning at the Multi-reference Level
Authors: Szabados Ágnes , Gombás András , Surján Péter
Published: August 2024

A multi-reference generalization of the partitioning introduced recently by Knowles (J. Chem. Phys. 2022 156, 011101) is presented with the aim to study electronic systems at a medium level of correlation. The multi-reference formalism applied is the general framework of multi-configuration perturbation theory (MCPT).
Rotator Phases in Chemically Recyclable Oligocyclobutanes
Authors: Zhang Hang , Maguire Shawn , Nie Cherish , Priestley Rodney , Chirik Paul , Register Richard , Davidson Emily , Webb Michael
Published: August 2024

Rotator phases are rotationally disordered yet crystalline stable states found in many materials. The presence of a rotator phase leads to unique properties that influence processing methods and offer potential applications in areas such as thermal energy storage, lubrication, and sensing. Recently, a novel family of chemically recyclable oligomers, (1,n’-divinyl)oligocyclobutane (DVOCB($n$)), has shown evidence of rotator phases. This study combines experimental characterization and molecular dynamics simulations to confirm the presence of and elucidate rotator phases in DVOCB($n$), with comparison to well-studied n-alkanes. In DVOCB($n$), the crystal-to-rotator phase transition involves a shift from stretched to isotropic hexagonal lamellar packing, captured by a rotational order parameter tracking local chain orientations orthogonal to the chain axis. Furthermore, rotational relaxation times decrease gradually upon heating, including through the transition to a rotator phase. This contrasts with n-alkanes, for which relaxation times are relatively constant and longer in the crystal phase before dropping sharply during the crystal-to-rotator phase transition. Such behavior is attributed to the unique enchained-ring architecture of DVOCB($n$), which allows for semi-independent rotation of chain segments that promotes overall rotational disorder. This work provides a fundamental understanding of rotator phases in DVOCB($n$) and highlights differences from conventional materials. The analyses and insights herein will inform future studies and applications of DVOCB($n$), as well as other materials with rotator phases.
MANAGEMENT OF INSECT PESTS OF BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (VIGNA SUBTERRANEAN (L.) VERDC.) IN NIGERIA
Authors: Olaniyi R. O. , Ibrahim R.O. , R. O. Oyewale , Ogbirishi T. O. , Ibrahim H.M. , Akinyele M.O.
Published: August 2024

Tribolium castaneum, commonly known as the red flour beetle is a major stored grain pest and found in granaries of wheat, cereals, beans, pasta, crackers, mixed cake, dried flowers and pet food, seeds, chocolate, meal, spices, nuts and even in museum dried artistic specimens. The insect is 53.5 mm long reddish brown beetle. The beetle can survive up to three years of age as an adult and is regarded as a sedentary insect. The insect has the ability to disperse via flight up to considerable long distances. The particular beetle has a close resemblance to confused flour beetle except it has three defining clubs at the end of each antenna. Its antennae are club type with the inclusion of three segments. The beetle has a curvy thorax. The use of plant materials as traditional protectants of stored products is an old practice used all over the world. The protection of stored products generally involves mixing grains with plant based protectants. Provision of a sound background or T. castaneum species identification as well as for the establishment of higher taxonomic classification and for consideration on the beetles evolutionary 5development, will have a long way in reducing if not total prevention of resistant menace of various species to adoption of management strategies of T. castaneum.
RESPONSE OF DIFFERENT FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SPRING RICE VARIETIES AT CHEBETAR, GORKHA, NEPAL
Authors: Dawadi Sadikshya , Chandra Dhakal Shiva , Paudel Anish
Published: August 2024

A field experiment was conducted in Chebetar, Gorkha, Nepal from February 2021 to July 2021 in two factorial RCBD with three replications to elucidate the response of different fertilizer management practices on the growth and yield of spring rice varieties. The first factor used in the experiment was spring rice varieties (Hardinath-1, Hardinath-3 and Chaite-5). The second factor was different fertilizer management practices, i.e., Government recommended dose (120:40:40 kg NPK ha-1), Farmers’ practice (62.4:18.4:0 kg NPK ha-1), Nutrient Expert (NE) software dose (109:28:46 kg NPK ha-1) and 125% of government recommendations (150:50:50 kg NPK ha-1). Traits like plant height, number of tillers per square meter, number of effective tillers per square meter, panicle length, grains per panicle, thousand grain weight, grain yield, straw yield, and harvest index were observed. Hardinath-1 outperformed other varieties in effective tillers per square meter, number of grains per panicle, grain yield, and harvest index. Hardinath-3 had higher plant height, thousand-grain weight, and straw yield, while Chaite-5 had higher panicle length. Regarding fertilizer levels, plant height and number of grains per panicle were higher for NE software dose, whereas effective tiller per square meter, thousand-grain weight and grain yield were higher for 125% of Government recommendations. From economic analysis, Gross return, Net return, and B/C ratio were obtained higher in Hardinath-1 and 125% of the Government recommended dose. Thus, Hardinath-1 along with 125% of Government recommended dose was found beneficial in the context of Chebetar, Gorkha, Nepal.
IMPACT OF AGRONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON ACTINIDIA FRUIT QUALITY AND PRODUCTION
Authors: Ali Umair , Munib Wajeeha , Mubashar Bakhtawar
Published: August 2024

Actinidia fruit quality can be determined as a major issue in its production. The major problem is to maintain productivity with a uniform dry matter level during the storage. According to current world production of Actinidia, Italy ranked third with a total production of 521.53 thousand metric tons after China and New Zealand. The current scenario demands an innovative approach to Actinidia cultivation and production. The emerging issue of global warming may lead to an increase in global temperature, which may ultimately affect the quality of fruit. There is a need to improve the gene impression in new varieties that ultimately increase temperature resistance in Actinidia. The use of resistant root stock is also important to achieve a better fruit quality and yield. The impact of low and high temperatures is a major factor of a rapid decrease in production and ultimately decrease the fruit quality. Combined use of organic and chemical fertilizers are significant in terms of a sustainable environment, which may also improve the quality of fruit. Proper cultural and agronomic practices may significantly improve the fruit quality and production. The training and pruning techniques leave a positive impact on fruit quality and production. Application of fertilizers and irrigation contributes a positive and effective impact on fruit quality and production
Design features of a high-pressure transmission devices for hydro-jet technologies
Authors: Novikov V. I. , Kuzmin O. V.
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Hydro-jet technology is an innovative approach to using high pressure water for a variety of purposes. The technology has found a wide application in various industries, including construction, industry, agriculture and surface cleaning. The basic idea of water jetting systems is to use water as a powerful tool to destroy, clean and cut various materials. The paper discusses the constructing of the high-pressure hydro-puller device for hydro-jet technologies.Materials and methods. An analysis of the methods by hydro-jet technologies classification was made. The general structure and the constituent elements of this scheme is shown. Generalizing elements are identified and a characteristic layout diagram for use in all technological methods of hydro-jet methods is described, and the structural elements that are the main components and units of these technologies are described.Results. The scheme of energy flow on the main nodes of the traditional layout scheme of units for hydro-jet technologies is developed. The energy losses formed in the process of operation are estimated, the element of the hydrojet plant with the largest losses is determined, the peculiarities of its functioning and operation are analysed. The design methodologies, taking into account the identified problems and features, for high-pressure transmitting devices are given.Discussion and conclusions. The most efficient operation of ultra-high pressure transmitting devices for hydro-jet technologies is possible only taking into account their thermal state, characterized by a description of their thermal balance, which can only be ensured through the development of a number of techniques proposed for use in the design of such devices.
Ultrasonic diagnostics of concrete destruction under the influence of corrosion environment
Authors: Tolypina N. M. , Danilov D. Yu.
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Modern methods of studying the corrosion damage of concrete are quite lengthy and time-consuming, which makes their use difficult. This necessitates the search for new approaches to study the destruction of concrete under the influence of aggressive media. Currently, the ultrasound diagnostic method is effectively used to identify various structural defects, but the possibility of its use for concrete corrosion studies is poorly understood. This work is devoted to filling this gap.The methods of research. Concrete samples of 2.5x2.5x10 cm and 2.5x2.5x16 cm of various composition (cement: placeholder = 1:9, 1:7, 1:5). The control samples hardened under normal conditions, the test samples were stored in various aggressive environments. The samples of all storage media were subjected to periodic tests on the Pulsar-2.2 ultrasound diagnostic device. In parallel, the strength parameters obtained by the destructive method on the PGM-100MG4 hydraulic press, as well as the resistance coefficient, were determined.Results. The relationship between the growth periods, extremes and abrupt changes in the velocity of passage of ultrasonic waves and the stages of strength gain, the conditions of hardening of samples, and time factors has been established. It is shown that ultrasound diagnostics is quite sensitive to the processes caused by the corrosion destruction of concrete and allows us to obtain reliable data, while the strength and coefficient of resistance do not always adequately reflect the development of corrosion processes. It has been established that the use of ultrasound diagnostics makes it possible to increase the reliability of the results of concrete corrosion studies.Conclusion. The use of the ultrasound diagnostic method enables to obtain new data on the processes of concrete destruction under the influence of aggressive media, which makes it possible to increase the reliability of the results of concrete corrosion studies.
The Restructuring Righteous Foreign Worker Regulations: The Challenge of Enormous Influx of Foreign Workers
Authors: Jaelani Abdul Kadir , Hanum Willy Naresta
Published: August 2024

Foreign workers are needed to overcome the challenge of a shortage of professional workers. However, the ineffectiveness of foreign worker licensing regulations in Indonesia hampers the supply of qualified foreign workers and impacts regional levy revenues. This research aims to structure the rules for the fair use of foreign workers. This is normative juridical research with conceptual, statutory, and comparative approaches. The results of a comparison of foreign worker regulations in Indonesia and Singapore are used to develop a regulatory concept that is more responsive to the use of foreign workers, especially in the health sector. The idea of licensing law and justice theory is used for analysis. The research results show that the regulations on using foreign workers in Indonesia are not yet comprehensive regarding the rules for qualifying foreign workers as a condition for issuing permits and justifying good public services. The issuance of permits to use foreign workers has been hampered because several regions do not yet have implementing regulations that impact the collection of regional levies. Second, setting up mechanisms for utilizing foreign workers in Singapore is relatively easy and successful with strict digital-based permit requirements. Thus, Indonesia needs to adopt a foreign labor policy system with strict requirements for issuing permits that are accessible in terms of bureaucracy, changes to laws, implementation of regulations, and drafting of regional regulations.
Cyber Security and Artificial Intelligence in Aviation
Authors:   The Shriram Millennium School, Noida, INDIA, Jain Sidharth , Bansal Arnav ,   Heritag eXperiential Learning School, Gurugram, INDIA, Agarwala NareshKumar ,   Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, INDIA
Published: August 2024

Airports are becoming increasingly interconnected and technologically advanced ecosystems. Airports handle sensitive data and depend on interconnected systems, which, while improving efficiency, also heighten vulnerability to cyber threats like data breaches and ransom ware. Additionally, with technological advancements artificial intelligence also plays a huge role, providing a new definition to cyber security in aviation. This paper examines the current state of cyber security in the aviation industry, implementation of artificial intelligence and how we can make the best use of technology, whilst focusing on the vulnerabilities and threats that accompany the adoption of advanced technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. The paper also explores the types of cyber attacks that can target smart airport systems, emphasising the need for robust cyber security measures to protect these critical infrastructures.
Trend analysis of rainfall data using Mann-Kendall test and sen's slope estimator
Authors: Vivekanandan N.
Published: August 2024

Rainfall is the most important fundamental physical parameter among the climate, as this parameter determines the environmental condition of the particular region, which affects the agricultural productivity. Global warming or climate change, is one of the most important worldwide issues discussed among scientists and researchers. One of the consequences of climate change is the alteration of rainfall patterns and an increase in temperature. The drastic changes in rainfall pattern showed a significant impact on society, and therefore its up-to-date information is needed to estimate the spatial distribution and variability at all points of the territory. In this paper, a study on trend analysis of rainfall data observed at Anasi, Haliyal, Kadra, and Supa rain gauge stations in Karnataka, India, was carried out. For this purpose, the annual 1-day maximum rainfall (AMR) and annual total rainfall (ATR) series were generated from the daily rainfall data and used in trend analysis. A non-parametric Mann-Kendall (MK) test was applied to evaluate the presence of significant trend in AMR and ATR, while the rate of significant trend was computed by Sen's slope estimator (SSE). The MK test results indicated that there is a decreasing trend in AMR series of Anasi, Haliyal, Kadra, and Supa. The study showed that the rate of decreasing trend in the AMR series of Anasi, Haliyal, Kadra, and Supa is computed as 1.4 mm/year, 0.1 mm/year, 0.6 mm/year, and 0.2 mm/year, respectively. For the ATR series, the rate of decreasing trend for Anasi was computed as 23.8 mm/year, whereas 11.2 mm/year for Supa, whereas the rate of increasing trend was 4.3 mm/year for Haliyal and 2.2 mm/year for Supa. This paper illustrated the application of the MK test and SSE for analyzing the trend in AMR and ATR of Anasi, Haliyal, Kadra, with Supa and the results obtained from the study.