bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Political man as a normative type of personality in Russia: mental matrix and normative model of behavior
Authors: Лубский Анатолий , Lubsky Anatoly , Лубский Роман , Lubskiy Roman
Published: July 2019

The principles of transdisciplinary scientific research of normative personality types, mental matrices and social behavior models are revealed in the monograph within the framework of theoretical and methodological reflection. The features of formation of the Homo polticus as normative type are considered in the conditions of state-organized Russian society and mobilizational and modernization social type of its development. The content of irreflexive structures of a mental matrix of Homo politicus, causing specific of normative model of social, economical, political and legal behavior in the Russian society,is determined in monograph
How Stress Affects Performance and Competitiveness Across Gender
Authors: Cahlíková Jana , Cingl Lubomír , Levely Ian
Published: July 2019

Because many key career events, such as examinations and interviews, involve competition and stress, gender differences in response to these factors could help to explain the labor market gender gap. In a laboratory experiment, we manipulate psychosocial stress using the Trier Social Stress Test and confirm that this is effective by measuring salivary cortisol level and heart rate. Subjects perform in a real-effort task under both tournament and piece-rate incentives, and we elicit willingness to compete. We find that women under heightened stress perform worse than women in the control group when compensated with tournament incentives, whereas there is no treatment difference under piece-rate incentives. For men, stress does not affect output under competition or under piece rate. The gender gap in willingness to compete is not affected by stress, but stress decreases competitiveness overall, which is related to performance for women. Our results could explain gender differences in performance under competition, with implications for hiring practices and incentive structures in firms.

This paper was accepted by Axel Ockenfels, behavioral economics.
Investigation of Blood Biochemical Values of Hepatitis B Seroprevelancia
Authors: Yıldız Adnan , Gür Tugba , Bakırhan Rehber
Published: July 2019

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the blood biochemical values ​​of hepatitis B seroprevalence in Tatvan region. HBsAg, anti-HBs serologic markers were tested by ELISA Immunoassay (ELISA), ELISA Roche Cobas E411 ELISA and AST ALT enzymes by Beckman Syncron LX20 autoanalyzer.HBsAg seropositivity rate was 14% and Anti-HBs seropositivity rate was 74%. HBsAg positivity was 14.28% in men and 13.51% in women. AST and ALT enzyme averages (47.2 IU / L and 49.7 IU / L) were found in 10 patients with HBsAg (+) group and significantly higher in the 10 healthy control group (25.4 IU / L, 27.6 IU / L) . HBV mark ratios in Tatvan are close to the region and country rates. In addition, AST and ALT liver enzymes were significantly higher in HBV cases.
Impact of Plant Growth Regulators on Greek oregano Micropropagation and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Zayova Ely Georgieva , Geneva Maria Prokopova , Miladinova-Georgieva Kamelia Dimitrova , Hristozkova Marieta Georgieva , Stancheva Ira Valkova
Published: July 2019

This study highlights the development and achievements made for the micropropagation of Greek oregano (Origanum heracleoticum L. ) using stem tip explants. The shoots were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium followed different concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGR) - 6-benzyl aminopurine, thidiazuron and zeatin at concentrations (0.5 or 1.0 mg L-1). The induction of multiple shoots from stem tip segments was the highest in MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 zeatin. It was the most effective medium for shoot formation, which produced multiple shoots (2.7) with an average height of 3.5 cm. These shoots were transferred on half strength MS medium containing three different auxins: indole-3-butyric acid, α-naphthalene acetic acid or indole-3-acetic acid (0, 0.1 and 0.5 mg L-1) for rooting, Multiple shoots were the most efficiently rooted on ½ MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1indole-3-butyric acid. Rooted plants showed the best adaptation on pots containing peat: perlite (2: 1 v/v). The higher rates of shoots number and height per plant have a positive relationship with the production of metabolites with antioxidant potential as phenols and flavonoids as well as with ferric reducing antioxidant potential.
Antimicrobial Properties of Rosa Indica (A New Start with Nature)
Authors: Pathak Deepika , Dave Kruti M. , Aliasgar Luluaa
Published: July 2019

Plants have been played an important role as a resource of natural medicines for human health, from the long period of time. Some plants show antimicrobial properties. The most important merit of using plant derived medicines is that they are low priced, readily available and showing minor side effect. The present study deals with the antibacterial potential of crude extracts of petals of Rosa indica. Through agar disk diffusion method the antimicrobial potential of Rosa indica was examined. Petals were collected, dried and its crude extract was obtained. Methanol and acetone were used as the extraction solvent. These extract were examined against two gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus) and two gram-negative (E-coli, Salmonella typhi) bacteria. Extracts prepared by all solvents showed antimicrobial action and established zone(s) of inhibition. By performing phytochemical tests we have observed positive results for flavanoid, tannin and alkaloid. These phytochemical have capability to inhibit the growth of microorganism or can fight against microorganism. Rich source of compounds have been obtained in this particular plant. For inhibition of multiple drug resistant microorganisms, this extract can be tested. For making herbal drugs, extract of Rosa indica may prove to be useful as an advance step in future.
Morphological Abnormalities of Betulinic Acid from Ziziphus Jujuba Against the Callasobruchus Chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)
Authors: M Madhavi , G Babu Rao , V Srinivas
Published: July 2019

Betulinic acid is a compound isolated from bark of Ziziphus jujuba. Betulinic acid,a triterpenoid. Betulinic acid exhibits a broad range of biological activities. It is an insect growth regulator, we observed the effect of different concentrations (10, 8, 6, 4and 2 μg / μl doses) Betulinic acid on Callosobruchus chinensis growth and development, in our observations we observed various morphological abnormalities like degeneration, deformation in larval, pupal stages. Untreated Callosobruchus chinensis showed normal in the developmental stages with the larval instar stages and henceforth developimg into pupa without any deformities. However Betulinic acid affected larval instars showed disrupted structures of the cuticle like tanning of cuticle and abnormal larvae over-aged larva with either complete or partial damage of pupa. The results demonstrated that Betulinic acid causes rapid cessation of growth due to disruption of larval structure and inhibition of growth following topical treatment on 4th 5th instar and pupae of Callosobruchus chinensis.
Zooplankton Diversity in Relation to Physico-Chemical Parameters in Subtropical Pond of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Sharma Arti , Sharma Meenu
Published: July 2019

The study aim to investigate the zooplankton diversity in relation to physico-chemical parameters of surface water in Barnai pond of Jammu district. Water parameters were analysed by following various standard methods, where as zooplankton were collected through the plankton net of standard bolting silk cloth no. 25 (mesh size 0.003-0.004 μm) and the total number of zooplankton was counted by using Drop count method. Statistical analysis of data involves Pearson’s Correlation analysis and various diversity indices viz; Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H´), Simpson’s Index (D), Margalef’s Index (d´) and Pielou’s Evenness (J). A total of 38 zooplankton taxa along with Nauplius larvae were observed belonging to 5 major taxonomic groups: Protozoa (6 species), Rotifera (21species), Cladocera (6 species), Copepoda (3 species) and Ostracoda (2species). Physico-chemical parameters of Barnai pond revealed well marked fluctuations with maxima and minima values of each parameter during specific seasons and zooplankton analysis revealed seasonal variations with an increase during summer and a fall during winter and monsoon seasons.
Evaluation of Potential Phytochemicals and Phyto Pharmacological Activities of Erythroxylum Monogynum Roxb.
Authors: Kumar C. Dhanunjaya , Anitha S. , Varalakshmi P. , Rao Dowlathabad Muralidhara
Published: July 2019

Red cedar or Bastard sandal [Erythroxylum monogynum Roxb.] belongs to family Erythroxylaceae and commonly found in deciduous forests of India and Srilanka. The present work mainly deals with evaluation of phytochemicals present in various parts and pharmacological activities. Now a days a number of alternative medicines are avaliable for those diseases which are not cured by proper medicine. In this regard ayurveda or phytochemicals obtained from plants are using to cure diseases since long back in India due to their less toxic and side effects when compared with other source of medicine. Plants are considered to be the biosynthetic labs for a number of valuble phytochemicals. The phytochemicals found in leaf, stem, root of Erythroxylum monogynum known to contain a number of medicinal properties. Pharmocologically Erythroxylum monogynum shows Aantihyperlipidemic, Antioxidant, Aantibacterial, Antidiabetic, Antiplasmodial, Antiobesity, Antitumor, Cytotoxic, Ameliorative, Hepatoprotective, Nephroprotective activities.This work mainly provides information regarding, phytochemicals of various parts of plant, medicinal uses, Traditional importance, pharmacological activities.
Chemical Composition and Bioactivity of the Essential Oils Derived from Artemisia Annua Against the Red Flour Beetle
Authors: Deb Mamata , Kumar Dolly
Published: July 2019

Tribolium casteneum is the most resistant stored grains pest causing more than 40% grains loss per year. Replacement of the conventional fumigants with an eco-friendly alternative seemed an intelligent move to control the pest which has inclined global research towards the efficacy of pesticidal plants. In the race of finding a better insecticidal candidate, we focused on to the chemical composition of the essential oils (EO) derived with polar and non-polar solvents from Artemisia annua and their possible bioactivity against the pest species. GC-MS analyses of Chloroform and n-Hexane derived EOs showed the dominance of Oxygenated Sesquiterpene in the extract. Adults were found more vulnerable to n-Hexane EO (LD50= 0.71 mg adultˉ1) than to chloroform derived EO (LD50= 0.97 mg adultˉ1) in contact toxicity assays. In the fumigant bioassay both the adults and larvae were found susceptible towards n-Hexane EO with LD50 0.66 & 0.53 mg L airˉ1 respectively. Evaluation of the biomolecular profile of adults and larvae at their lethal doses to understand the molecular mechanism underlying oxidative stress has shown significant downfall (p˂0.01) in the activities of protein, AChE, GST, GSH whereas up regulation of LPO was distinctly marked. The basic knowledge of employing potential solvent in eluting EOs of A. annua would prove to be an efficient environmental friendly management tool against T. casteneum.
Study on Distribution and Abundance of Indigenous Ornamental Fishes from Water Bodies of Jammu (J and K)
Authors: Arif Mohd , Gandotra Roopma , Choudhary Neha , Sharma Dheeraj , Lone Aaqib , Dogra Aayushi
Published: July 2019

Jammu division of Jammu and Kashmir is a region of high biological diversity and endemicity of fish fauna, but very little is known about the distribution of freshwater indigenous ornamental fish. The study was carried out across the tributaries of three rivers viz., Chenab, Tawi and Basantar to study the diversity of ornamental fish. Regular collection trips were carried out at 13 different stations for a period of one year from December 2017 to December 2018 and a total of 30 species were reported belonging to 8 families and 18 genera. In all the study stations Cyprinidae family was found to be most prevalent (85%) and Osphronemidae (1%) was the least. The present work is a preliminary study on the distribution and abundance of ornamental fishes from freshwater bodies of Jammu.
The shrinking of Fairfax Media’s books pages: A microstudy of digital disruption
Authors: Nolan Sybil , Ricketson Matthew
Published: July 2019

This microstudy of digital disruption in newspapers analyses the book review sections of Fairfax Media’s metropolitan dailies, The Sydney Morning Herald, the Melbourne The Age and The Canberra Times, and how they changed between 2013 and 2017, before the newspaper company merged with Nine Entertainment. Through content analysis and interviews, the study documents how the diversity and variety of the books coverage declined steeply after Fairfax management imposed cost-cutting and review sharing on legacy sections. It also documents the demoralizing experience of journalists working in these sections: decreased resources, increased workloads and no time to innovate. The study elucidates how Fairfax management left its papers’ long-standing, hard-won reputations for cultural authority and literary impact to wither on the vine while it pursued a survival strategy of digital diversification.
Framing gender: Representing male teachers in the Australian and New Zealand press
Authors: Reid Donald , Palmer Catherine , Drummond Murray , Cruickshank Vaughan
Published: July 2019

Over the past two decades the issue of gender imbalance in teaching has been the subject of media and political discussion. Researchers have yet to draw definitive conclusions as to the relationship between teacher gender and student achievement, but the notion that more men are needed in teaching persists, with calls for governments to enact ‘affirmative action’ policies. Despite this, surveys of male teachers have found that many believe they are portrayed negatively in the media and that they are under greater scrutiny than their female counterparts. In seeking to better understand this contradiction, this article examines 233 news stories covering the issue of men in teaching. Using framing theory, the authors found that despite a high percentage of stories carrying a positive angle, male teachers are predominantly framed in problematic ways. The authors argue that the news media is ideologically limited in its representation of male teachers, resulting in any advocacy being a counter-narrative to the prevailing logic.
Degradation of Matured Landfill Leachate by Electro Fenton Treatment and Optimization by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Pieus T Minimol , P.A Soloman
Published: July 2019

The landfill is the most widely utilized approach for solid waste management over the world. The fluid side-effect of the procedure, leachate, is a genuine danger to the earth. The ordinary biological treatment of matured landfill leachate is restricted by the presence of toxic contaminants and recalcitrant organics. A novel approach for management of landfill leachate by Electro Fenton process is researched here for the technical feasibility. The experimental outcome demonstrated that there was extensive reduction in COD-78.2%, Ammonia nitrogen-42.0%, Chloride-63.5%, Sulfate-60.0%, Sulfide-57.3%, and Phosphate-62.4% at the optimum working state of pH-2.85, Current density-140.5 A/m2, H2O2 dosage- 53% of theoretical value, Reaction time-44min. The biodegradability index was enhanced from 0.21 to 0.43 because of the treatment. The examination not just uncovers the likelihood of degradation of contaminants by giving a mild electrochemical treatment additionally extends the possibility of utilizing the approach as a compelling pretreatment for its biological treatment.
BER Assessment of FBMC Systems Augmented with Different Space-Time Coding Schemes Over Diverse Channels
Authors: Kaur Satwinder , Kansal Lavish , Singh Gaba Gurjot , A. M. Al-Ja'afari Mohannad
Published: July 2019

Diverse methodologies of encoding schemes like space-time block codes (STBC), orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBC) &quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes (QOSTBC) are being proposed as alternatives of basic Alamouti space-time encoding scheme for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) scheme for existing wireless communication systems. Since filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC) scheme is an integral part of the 5th generation (5G) cellular systems, the performance of these schemes needs to be investigated for FBMC methodology also. Alamouti and Space-time block codes are widely used in MIMO system because of their ability to achieve full diversity and the different channels are used at the receiver. In this work, we proposed different approaches for the bit error rate (BER) of Alamouti, STBC3, and STBC4 in FBMC. These approaches are based on the type of space-time encoding and number of receiving antennas being used for each space time encoding scheme for analyzing the MIMO-FBMC. Moreover, we also investigation the performance of these proposed MIMO schemes over Rayleigh and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and compared it with the performance of BER or signal to noise ratio (SNR) of different channels.
Mistrust and social hierarchies as blind spots of ICT4D projects
Authors: Keja Roos , Knodel Kathrin
Published: July 2019

Information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) are seen to have great potential for boosting democratization processes all over the world by giving people access to information and thereby empowering them to demand more accountability and transparency of authorities. Based on ethnographic research in Togo and Rwanda on an SMS-based citizen monitoring and evaluation system, this article argues that focusing on access to information is too narrow a view. We show that it is crucial to take into account the respective socio-political backgrounds, such as levels of mistrust or existing social hierarchies. In this context, mobile phone usage has rather varied and ambiguous meanings here. These dynamics can pose a challenge to the successful implementation of ICT4D projects aimed at political empowerment. By addressing these often overlooked issues, we offer explanations for the gap between ICT4D assumptions and people’s lifeworlds in Togo and Rwanda.
Mobile apps for the illiterate
Authors: Sègla Aimé Dafon
Published: July 2019

Mobile phones and web digital tools contribute to the personal development of the individual and his or her capacity to develop initiatives e. g. for economic growth. Yet, many people cannotbenefit from new technologies as digital services in sub-Saharan Africa are mostly configured in foreign languages. Illiteracy and language barriers remain a major challenge for digitalization inAfrica. However, the case of Yoruba illiterates in the central Republic of Benin shows that indigenous people are innovative and create new procedural knowledge. They have developed alternative strategies to benefit from information and communications technology (ICT). Based on approximately 50 interviews with traders, peasants, art craft (wo)men, and members of convents, my ethnographic research explores how the Yoruba people of Benin utilize mobile phones in their mother tongue.
The SIJORI Growth Triangle: Progress, Problems and Prospect
Authors: Xiaodong Xu
Published: July 2019

The Singapore-Johor-Riau Growth Triangle established in the late 1980s is the first regional cooperation framework in Southeast Asia. However, such a promising framework ran into a dilemma after ten years of development. Main factors accounting for its unanticipated limited progress include uneven regional economic performance, divergent individual interests at all levels, rising social problems, and uncertain external environment. A thorough review of the growth triangle with special attention on the progress as well as the issues be inspiring for the further promotion of the regional cooperation, which requires dynamics both internal and external. The first category of dynamics includes the design of a unified administrative institution, coordination between public and private sectors, more liberal policies, the proper understanding of social and knowledgeable elements, the role of overseas Chinese and the utilization of historical legacies. The other category mainly underlines utilizing external stimuli outside the region, especially China’s Maritime Silk Road Initiative (MSRI).
IMPLIKASI HUKUM KONTRAK BISNIS INTERNASIONAL YANG DIBUAT DALAM BAHASA ASING
Authors: Pertiwi Chintya Indah
Published: July 2019

Abstract                Article 31 in Law no. 24 of 2009 requires the use of the Indonesian language in any agreement involving Indonesian and foreign parties in the contracts made. Judicial practice, there is a difference judge consideration related to the obligation of using the Indonesian language. The existence of these two different judgments creates legal uncertainty. The approach used in this research is normative juridical. The result of research that there is no definite understanding what is causa or cause in contract. The legal implications of contracts made in foreign languages are null and void. The existence of differences in the judgment of judges' considerations, causes legal uncertainty. Lawmakers should be more careful in formulating the Article and test its consequences. In addition, Law Number 24 Year 2009 needs to be revised, especially regarding sanctions if violated Article 31 Abstrak Pasal 31 dalam Undang-Undang No. 24 Tahun 2009 mewajibkan penggunaan bahasa Indonesia dalam setiap perjanjian yang melibatkan pihak Indonesia dan pihak asing dalam kontrak yang dibuat. Praktik peradilan, terjadi perbedaan pertimbangan hakim terkait kewajiban penggunaan bahasa Indonesia. Adanya dua putusan hakim yang berbeda ini menimbulkan ketidak pastian hukum. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normative. Hasil penelitian bahwa belum ada pengertian pasti apa itu causa atau sebab dalam kontrak. Implikasi hukum kontrak yang dibuat dalam bahasa asing adalah batal demi hukum Adanya perbedaan pertimbangan putusan hakim, menyebabkan adanya ketidak pastian hukum hukum.Pembuat undang-undang seharusnya lebih cermat dalam memformulasikan Pasal dan melakukan uji konsekuensi terhadapnya.Selain itu, Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2009 perlu direvisi khususnya mengenai sanksi jika dilanggarnya Pasal 31.
Louise Rosskam: Documentary Photographer
Authors: Saretzky Gary
Published: July 2019

This lecture on photographer Louise Rosskam was originally delivered at the Monmouth County Library in Manalapan on June 10, 2013. Minor revisions have been made to the text and expanded notes with citations included as appropriate for an academic journal. The permission of Ani Rosskam to reproduce her mother’s photographs is gratefully acknowledged.
Traditional Patterned Brickwork in New Jersey
Authors: Craig Robert W.
Published: July 2019

This article traces the history of the first architecture of refinement in colonial New Jersey: traditional patterned brickwork, the artful ways in which bricklayers used vitrified bricks to decorate the outer walls of the houses they built. These practices had their roots in 16th-century England, where they were employed in fashionable and prestigious architecture, and where they remained the common knowledge of bricklayers a century later during the rebuilding of London after the Great Fire of 1666. With the slump in the building trades that resulted from the rebuilding, Quaker bricklayers and brickmakers joined the migration to the Delaware Valley, where they found the greatest abundance of brick clay in West New Jersey. In the century that followed, Burlington County experienced the largest number of patterned brickwork buildings, while Salem County became home to the second largest number, the greatest variety of patterns, and most of the best examples. The best and best-preserved of its early buildings, the Abel and Mary Nicholson house, has been designated a National Historic Landmark for its patterned brickwork. The rise of the Georgian style of architecture reduced the popularity of patterned brickwork after 1750. After the Revolutionary War, the ascendancy of the Federal style was incompatible with patterned brickwork, and that sealed its eventual disappearance. This article combines an understanding of these buildings as physical artifacts while collectively placing them within the larger narrative of New Jersey’s development during the colonial period.
NJ Company Aids D-Day Invasion
Authors: Parachute Company The Switlik
Published: July 2019

The world recently paused to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the historic D-Day landings that on June 6, 1944 began to liberate Europe from Adolf Hitler’s bloody occupation. This edition of Museums, Archives, Artifacts, and Documents explores the role one family-owned NJ company played in this momentous undertaking.
Is One Semester in Personal Finance/Economics in New Jersey Enough?
Authors: Gorman William
Published: July 2019

In this editorial, Professor William Gorman (an educator with 30 years’ experience) lobbies for the state of NJ to think long and hard about its financial literacy and economics education requirements.
Toxicity studies of Acacia nilotica (L.): A review of the published scientific literature
Authors: Manzo Lawaly Maman , Moussa Idrissa , Ikhiri Khalid , Yu Liu
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Acacia nilotica is a valuable plant with medicinal properties that increasinglyincites the curiosity of many researchers. Its pharmacological properties are reported in manystudies, but the fact remains that the plant can be just as toxic as any modern pharmaceuticaldrug. It is very important to dispose sufficient knowledge on what are reported concerning itstoxicity profile. This review is aimed to provide comprehensive summary (all-in-one) of whathave been reported about the toxicity of A. nilotica and to determine the necessity or not toconduct more toxicological studies in a further step toward rationalizing its medicinal use.Methods: Scientific information about the toxicity and or safety of A. nilotica reported elsewherewere reviewed. Search engines such as Google, Bing and Baidu and databases of scientificjournals such as PubMed, Scopus, CAS, CABI, HINARI and AJOL were used to retrieve studiesfrom 1999 to 2017.Results: Few studies have reported the toxicity potential of A. nilotica and most with very limitedinformation. Three of them have reported serious deleterious toxic effects of certain parts of theplant on major organ systems such as kidney and liver. Stem bark as part of A. nilotica appearedto be the most cited to cause observable clinical signs of toxicity and organs lesions.Conclusion: Overall, this review provided comprehensive information on what is known aboutthe toxicity of A. nilotica and showed the necessity to conduct more advanced long-term-basedtoxicological studies.
Dietary supplementation of Phoenix dactylifera L. seeds decreases pro-inflammatory mediators in CCl4-induced rats
Authors: Saryono Saryono , Taufik Agis , Proverawati Atikah , Efendi Ferry
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Low immunity causes the body to become more easily infected, resulting in inflammation. If the immune system is functioning properly, this inflammation will end in healing. The immune system has a protective role in the body, and its anti-inflammatory role is vital. During trauma, the initial immune response is marked by inflammation. The use of date-seed extract, although not steeped date seeds, has been studied as an anti-inflammatory agent. This study is aimed at demonstrating the anti-inflammatory effect of steeped date seeds (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in rats with CCl4-induced inflammation.Methods: This experiment included a pre- and post-test with control group design. Male Wistar rats (approximately 2–3 months of age, ranging in weight from 150 to 200 g) were assigned to the following groups: negative control (NC), positive control (PC), T1 treatment dose 1 g/kg, T3 treatment dose 3 g/kg, T5 treatment dose 5 g/kg, and healthy control (HC). Groups 1–5 were subjected to CCl4 induction at a single dose of 2 mL/kg before treatment. The levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), glutathione (GSH), and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) were compared in groups using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by a least significant difference (LSD) post hoc test for comparisons between means.Results: Levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), GSH, and IFN-γ were significantly different among the HC and treatment groups after CCl4 induction. After 14 days of steeped date-seed treatment, TNF-α decreased, but GSH and IFN-γ levels increased significantly (P = 0.001).Conclusion: Administration of steeped date seeds at a dose of 5 g/kg can increase GSH and IFN-γ, and decrease TNF-α, the strongest inflammatory marker in CCl4-induced rats. The findings of this study indicate that date-seed supplementation can support body immunity by regulating pro-inflammatory mediators.
Silymarin mitigates diclofenac-induced liver toxicity through inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress in male rats
Authors: Ramezannezhad Pantea , Nouri Ali , Heidarian Esfandiar
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Diclofenac (DIC) is one of the compounds derived from acetic acid which isknown for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic attributes. Silymarin is a flavonoid compoundwhich is derivate from Silybum marianum seeds. This research was done to assess the protectiverole of silymarin against liver toxicity induced by DIC in male rats.Methods: Randomly, 40 male Wistar rats were assigned into five groups as follows: Group 1:control group, Group 2: DIC-only treated (50 mg/kg, i.p), Group 3: silymarin-only treated (200mg/kg, p.o); Groups 4 and 5: DIC (50 mg/kg, i.p) plus silymarin (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, p.o,respectively) treated. Various biochemical, molecular, and histological parameters were evaluatedin serum and tissue.Results: In the DIC-only treated group, the levels of liver glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxidedismutase (SOD), intracellular glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) significantly diminished andthe levels of total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), nitrite, alanine aminotransferase (ALT),malondialdehyde (MDA), serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), and TNF-α gene expression were remarkably elevated relative to control animals. In otherhands, treatment with silymarin caused a noticeable elevation in GPx, SOD, GSH, CAT and aremarkable reduction in levels of total bilirubin, ALP, nitrite content, ALT, MDA, serum TNF-α,AST and TNF-α gene expression relative to DIC-only treated group. Histopathological injurieswere also improved by silymarin administration.Conclusion: The results confirm that silymarin has an ameliorative effect on liver toxicity inducedby DIC and oxidative stress in male rats.
Quantitative Evaluation in Estimating Sources Underlying Brain Oscillations Using Current Source Density Methods and Beamformer Approaches
Authors: Halder Tamesh , Talwar Siddharth , Jaiswal Amit Kumar , Banerjee Arpan
Published: July 2019

Brain oscillations from EEG and MEG shed light on neurophysiological mechanisms of human behavior. However, to extract information on cortical processing, researchers have to rely on source localization methods that can be very broadly classified into current density estimates such as exact low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA), minimum norm estimates (MNE), and beamformers such as dynamic imaging of coherent sources (DICS) and linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV). These algorithms produce a distributed map of brain activity underlying sustained and transient responses during neuroimaging studies of behavior. On the other hand, there are very few comparative analyses that evaluates the “ground truth detection” capabilities of these methods. The current article evaluates the reliability in estimation of sources of spectral event generators in the cortex using a two-pronged approach. First, simulated EEG data with point dipoles and distributed dipoles are used to validate the accuracy and sensitivity of each one of these methods of source localization. The abilities of the techniques were tested by comparing the localization error, focal width, false positive (FP) ratios while detecting already known location of neural activity generators under varying signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Second, empirical EEG data during auditory steady state responses (ASSRs) in human participants were used to compare the distributed nature of source localization. All methods were successful in recovery of point sources in favorable signal to noise scenarios and could achieve high hit rates if FPs are ignored. Interestingly, focal activation map is generated by LCMV and DICS when compared to eLORETA while control of FPs is much superior in eLORETA. Subsequently drawbacks and strengths of each method are highlighted with a detailed discussion on how to choose a technique based on empirical requirements.
Iron Content in Fruits, Vegetables, Herbs and Spices Samples Marketed in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Bukva Mersa , Huremović Jasna , Gojak-Salimović Sabina , Huseinbašić Nudžeima , Kapo Delila
Published: July 2019

Iron deficiency anaemia is one of the major health problems that affects
cognitive performance, physical capacity, immune status, and reproductive performance. The iron content in 35 food samples (fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices) marketed in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina was determined. Тhe iron content in the fruits and vegetables was determined using FAAS spectrometry, and in the herbs and spices samples by UV/Vis spectrophotometry. Experimentally determined content was: fruits (2.91–39.27 mg kg–1), vegetables (6.33–107 mg kg–1), herbs (135–962 mg kg–1), and spices (59.00–918 mg kg–1). Daily intakes for different plant samples were also calculated. The food samples were arranged by iron concentration in the following descending order: herbs and tea >
spices > vegetables > fruits. The results from this study were compared with previously published data. The obtained values are in the area of common values. The iron content and the factors that increase its bioavailability can help in the selection of proper foods to be included in the daily diet.
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Immune check point inhibitors-induced hypophysitis
Authors: Albarel Frédérique , Castinetti Frédéric , Brue Thierry
Published: July 2019

In recent years, the development of immunotherapy has constituted a revolution in the therapy for many cancers, with a specific toxicity profile including endocrine immune-related adverse events. Immune check point inhibitors (ICI)-induced hypophysitis is a common endocrine side effect, particularly with CTLA-4 antibodies and combination therapy, with frequent hormonal deficiencies at diagnosis. It can be difficult to evoke such diagnosis as the initial clinical symptoms are not specific (headache, asthenia…); thus, patients receiving such immunomodulatory therapies should be closely monitored by systematic hormone measurements, especially in the first weeks of treatment. Usually, hormonal deficiencies improve, except for corticotroph function. Despite a lack of large prospective studies on ICI-induced hypophysitis, some detailed longitudinal cohort studies have focused on such cases of hypophysitis and allow for optimal monitoring, follow-up and management of patients with this immune-related adverse event. In the case of ICI-induced hypophysitis, patients need long-term multidisciplinary follow-up, with specific education for those patients with corticotropin deficiency to allow them to be autonomous with their treatment. In this review, based on a clinical case, we detail the most relevant and novel aspects related to the incidence, diagnosis, treatment, evolution and management of hypophysitis induced by immunotherapy, with a focus on possible mechanisms and current recommendations and guidelines. Lastly, we emphasize several key points, such as the absence of indication to systematically treat with high-dose glucocorticoid and the pursuit of immunotherapy in such hypophysitis. These points should be kept in mind by oncologists and endocrinologists who treat and monitor patients treated by immunotherapy.
Point-of-care echocardiographic screening for left-sided valve heart disease: high yield and affordable cost in an elderly cohort recruited in primary practice
Authors: Williams Catrin , Mateescu Anca , Rees Emma , Truman Kirstie , Elliott Claire , Bahlay Bohdana , Wallis Ailsa , Ionescu Adrian
Published: July 2019

Background Data about the epidemiology of valvular heart disease (VHD) in the elderly is scarce. Hand-held ultrasound devices (HUDs) enable point-of-care ultrasound scanning (POCUS) but their use in an elderly population has not been reported for VHD screening in primary practice.

Methods One hundred consecutive subjects aged >70 years without a VHD diagnosis had 2D and colour Doppler POCUS by an accredited sonographer, using a contemporary HUD (Vscan), in a primary practice setting. Patients with left-sided valve pathology identified by Vscan were referred for formal echo in the local tertiary cardiac centre.

Results Mean age (s.d.) was 79.08 (3.74) years (72–92 years); 61 female. By Vscan, we found five patients with ≥moderate aortic stenosis (AS), eight with ≥moderate mitral regurgitation (MR) and none with ≥moderate aortic regurgitation. In the AS and MR groups each, one patient had valve intervention following from the initial diagnosis by Vscan, two and one respectively are under follow-up in the valve clinic, while two and four respectively refused TTE or follow-up. Two patients with moderate MR by Vscan had mild and mild/moderate MR respectively by TTE and were discharged. Total cost for scanning 100 patients was $18,201–i.e. $182/patient.

Conclusions Screening with a hand-held scanner (Vscan), we identified 5/100 elderly subjects who needed valve replacement or follow-up in valve clinic, at a cost of $182/patient. These findings have potential significance for the allocation of resources in the context of an ageing population.
Assessment of mouse liver [1-13C]pyruvate metabolism by dynamic hyperpolarized MRS
Authors: Faarkrog Høyer Kasper , Laustsen Christoffer , Ringgaard Steffen , Qi Haiyun , Mariager Christian Østergaard , Nielsen Thomas Svava , Sundekilde Ulrik Kræmer , Treebak Jonas T , Jessen Niels , Stødkilde-Jørgensen Hans
Published: July 2019

Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy has the unique ability to detect real-time metabolic changes in vivo owing to its high sensitivity compared with thermal MR and high specificity compared with other metabolic imaging methods. The aim of this study was to explore the potential of hyperpolarized MR spectroscopy for quantification of liver pyruvate metabolism during a hyperinsulinemic–isoglycemic clamp in mice. Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate was used for in vivo MR spectroscopy of liver pyruvate metabolism in mice. Mice were divided into two groups: (i) non-stimulated 5-h fasted mice and (ii) hyperinsulinemic-isoglycemic clamped mice. During clamp conditions, insulin and donor blood were administered at a constant rate, whereas glucose was infused to maintain isoglycemia. When steady state was reached, insulin-stimulated mice were rapidly infused with hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate for real-time tracking of the dynamic distribution of metabolic derivatives from pyruvate, such as [1-13C]lactate, [1-13C]alanine and [13C]bicarbonate. Isotopomer analysis of plasma glucose confirmed 13C-incorporation from [1-13C]pyruvate into glucose was increased in fasted mice compared with insulin-stimulated mice, demonstrating an increased gluconeogenesis in fasted mice. The AUC ratios for [1-13C]alanine/[1-13C]pyruvate (38.2%), [1-13C]lactate/[1-13C]pyruvate (41.8%) and [13C]bicarbonate/[1-13C]pyruvate (169%) all increased significantly during insulin stimulation. Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate can be used for in vivo MR spectroscopy of liver pyruvate metabolism during hyperinsulinemic-isoglycemic clamp conditions. Under these conditions, insulin decreased gluconeogenesis and increased [1-13C]alanine, [1-13C]lactate and [13C]bicarbonate after a [1-13C]pyruvate bolus. This application of in vivo spectroscopy has the potential to identify impairments in specific metabolic pathways in the liver associated with obesity, insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Possibilidades de Aprendizagens com o uso de Sequências Didáticas Eletrônicas nas aulas de Matemática no Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Soares Pinheiro Rosana , Groenwald Claudia
Published: July 2019

Este trabajo presenta dos Secuencias Didácticas Electrónicas elaboradas para estudiantes del 6º año de la Enseñanza Fundamental, la primera secuencia con la temática Números Decimas involucrando el tema transversal Trabajo y Consumo y la segunda envolviendo Expresiones numéricas, . El objetivo fue de identificar las potencialidades de las secuencias didácticas electrónicas implementadas (desarrollada, aplicada y evaluada) en el Sistema Integrado de Enseñanza y Aprendizaje (SIENA), como estrategia de enseñanza para las temáticas investigadas. Los resultados apuntan que los estudiantes presentaron desempeño satisfactorio en relación a los Números decimales, siendo el mayor desempeño en Situaciones del Día a Día, y el menor en el desarrollo de las actividades con Expresiones numéricas. Se considera que la primera secuencia fue importante para los estudiantes en la construcción del concepto de los Números decimales, proporcionando momentos de reflexión y una visión diferenciada frente a los aspectos relacionados con el consumo, el trabajo y las cuestiones que involucran lo cotidiano. La segunda secuencia está en fase de aplicación con los estudiantes y, por lo tanto, aún no tiene resultados.
Cultura maker como fomento para o aprendizado em práticas de STEM em uma escola pública na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
Authors: Lopes Leticia , Pereira Elenise , Almeida Caroline , Lopes Paulo Tadeu
Published: July 2019

O processo de aprendizagem se estabelece em relações entre indivíduos que darão sentidos às informações. Sendo assim, as tecnologias digitais podem contribuir para que o indivíduo saiba se posicionar frente situações que o afetam no cotidiano, indicando que “a principal missão da Educação Básica é a construção de uma cultura de direitos humanos, a fim de preparar ‘cidadãos plenos”. Partindo da premissa da dificuldade em aprender as Ciências e Matemática e a necessidade de adaptar a forma de aprendizagem visando o uso da tecnologia, surgem as perguntas: Será que o “faça você mesmo” possibilita experiências educacionais intelectualmente libertadoras? O desenvolvimento de jogos eletrônicos pode auxiliar no ensino e aprendizagem? Com isso, o objetivo deste artigo é descrever algumas percepções dos estudantes participantes da pesquisa acerca da experimentação vivenciada por eles em relação ao “faça você mesmo”, bem como algumas concepções das professoras que acompanharam o processo.
Artes visuales aplicadas a la enseñanza de las ciencias: De cómo la práctica artística puede orientarse a una enseñanza científica diversificada
Authors: Morales Víquez José Pablo , Piedra Marín Gilberto , Esquivel Alfaro Marianelly
Published: July 2019

El presente trabajo describe brevemente algunas de las actividades que se han realizado en el marco de una investigación entre artes visuales y química, cuyo proceso ha servido para identificar prácticas que se consideran relevantes e innovadoras, con potencial para su aplicación pedagógica. El objetivo de la investigación radica en identificar en estas prácticas interdisciplinarias aquellas potenciales aplicaciones para la enseñanza de las ciencias.
La metodología aplicada ha sido empírico-sistemática, donde a partir de la exploración se han sistematizado los procesos pertinentes para el ejercicio didáctico de contenidos específicos, y que a través de lo visual se exploran contenidos propios de la disciplina científica. Entre los principales hallazgos se encontró el uso de reacciones químicas desde la óptica artística, cuyo aporte tanto desde lo visual como pragmático recae en una nueva forma de explorar contenidos científicos, contribuyendo así a una enseñanza interactiva y diversificada que busca huir del hermetismo convencional.
Estudio retrospectivo: principales causas de ingreso del orden Strigiformes en el Parque Zoológico y Jardín Botánico Nacional Simón Bolívar, San José, Costa Rica durante los años 1995-2015
Authors: Arguedas Randall , Ovares Lizbeth
Published: July 2019

Las poblaciones de rapaces, en la que se incluye al orden Strigiformes, han disminuido en número y se encuentran amenazadas o en peligro de extinción, no solo por la destrucción del hábitat, sino también por las actividades humanas. Los
objetivos del presente estudio fueron describir las causas principales de ingreso para las especies del Orden Strigiformes en el Parque Zoológico y Jardín Botánico Nacional Simón Bolívar, así como resumir los diagnósticos clínicos primarios,
localidades de procedencia y especies ingresadas, empleando la información generada en las bitácoras de admisión, durante un período de 20 años (1995-2015). De las hojas de ingreso se utilizaron los siguientes datos: fecha de recepción, especie,
localidad y motivo. Las causas de admisión se categorizaron en: (1) trauma, (2) huérfanos, (3) intoxicación, (4) electrocución, (5) causas desconocidas. Y la categoría de trauma se clasificó según el tipo de lesión: (1) fractura en extremidades
(anteriores o posteriores), (2) trauma cráneo encefálico (TCE), (3) heridas en piel. Se encontró 352 individuos de nueve especies de Strigiformes, al ser la lechucita Neotropical (Megascops choliba) la especie más abundante con 141 individuos (40,05
%). El mayor porcentaje de estos provino de la provincia de San José (80,91 %, n= 285). La tendencia de las admisiones de individuos por año, en general se mostró relativamente homogénea en un rango de 10 a 20 individuos, excepto los años 1999 (n=35)
y 2000 (n=48). El trauma fue la causa de admisión más frecuente, representando el 54 % (n=190), donde un 78 % (n=148) corresponde a fracturas. La información generada sobre las especies ingresadas a los sitios de manejo ex situ de fauna silvestre,
resulta primordial, ya que existen considerables vacíos de información para muchas especies en particular para los Strigiformes de Costa Rica.
Niveles de ruido durante el ordeño de lecherías con sistemas mecánicos del trópico alto colombiano y su efecto en la calidad de la leche y el bienestar animal
Authors: García Fredy Enrique , Zuñiga Lopez Aldemar , Florez Castañeda Diana Catherine , Cubides Cárdenas Jaime Andrés
Published: July 2019

El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar los niveles de ruido durante el ordeño de vacasen sistemas de ordeño mecánico (fijo y móvil) y su relación con el bienestar animal y lacalidad de la leche. Los niveles de ruido se midieron en ocho granjas ubicadas en municipiosde la Sabana de Bogotá. La exposición al ruido de las vacas se midió en la sala deordeño (RUME), durante la parada en el área antes de la sala de ordeño (RUIN) y al finaldel ordeño, con el equipo apagado (RUFI). Independientemente del tipo de ordeño, losordeños fueron clasificados según el nivel de ruido como ordeño ruidoso (OR) y ordeñocon ruido tolerable (OT). Los grupos se compararon en relación con la producción,composición y calidad de la leche, así como con los comportamientos asociados al estrés.Se encontraron diferencias significativas para el recuento de células somáticas y el númerode bacterias mesófilas (p<0.05) siendo mayor en los ordeños denominados ruidosos.