bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Query expansion based on modified Concept2vec model using resource description framework knowledge graphs
Authors: Dahir Sarah , El Qadi Abderrahim
Published: December 2022

The enormous size of the web and the vagueness of the terms used to formulate queries still pose a huge problem in achieving user satisfaction. To solve this problem, queries need to be disambiguated based on their context. One well-known technique for enhancing the effectiveness of information retrieval (IR) is query expansion (QE). It reformulates the initial query by adding similar terms that help in retrieving more relevant results. In this paper, we propose a new QE semantic approach based on the modified Concept2vec model using linked data. The novelty of our work is the use of query-dependent linked data from DBpedia as training data for the Concept2vec skip-gram model. We considered only the top feedback documents, and we did not use them directly to generate embeddings; we used their interlinked data instead. Also, we used the linked data attributes that have a long value, e.g., “dbo: abstract”, as training data for neural network models, and, we extracted from them the valuable concepts for QE. Our experiments on the Associated Press collection dataset showed that retrieval effectiveness can be much improved when a skip-gram model is used along with a DBpedia feature. Also, we demonstrated significant improvements compared to other approaches.
Prioritising nano- and microparticles: identification of physicochemical properties relevant for toxicity to Raphidocelis subcapitata and Daphnia magna
Authors: Hund-Rinke Kerstin , Broßell Dirk , Eilebrecht Sebastian , Schlich Karsten , Schlinkert Ruben , Steska Tim , Wolf Carmen , Kühnel Dana
Published: December 2022

Background

Advanced/innovative materials are an undefined group of nano- and micro-particles encompassing diverse material compositions, structures and combinations. Due to their unique properties that enable specific functions during applications, there are concerns about unexpected hazards to humans and the environment.

In this study, we provide ecotoxicity data for 36 nano- and microparticles of various inorganic species (single constituents and complex compositions; materials releasing toxic ions and others), morphologies (spheroidal, cubic, flaky, elongated/fibrous) and sizes (10 nm–38 µm). By applying Raphidocelis subcapitata algae growth inhibition and Daphnia magna immobilisation tests according to OECD test guidelines 201 and 202, and extensive material characterisation, we aimed to identify indicators of concern. This would allow better predictions of the hazardous properties of these materials in the future.

Results

The chemical identity (toxic ion-releasing materials vs. other materials) and agglomeration behaviour, which is affected by size (nm vs. µm) and morphology (fibres vs. others), were obvious drivers of ecotoxicity on R. subcapitata. Differences in morphology had an impact on agglomeration behaviour. Fibres formed agglomerates of varying sizes with entrapped and attached algae. Small compact (e.g. spheroidal) particles attached to algae. A high coverage resulted in high ecotoxicity, while less toxic materials attached to a much lesser extent. No agglomeration of algae and particles was observed for particles with a µm size. Small toxic components of large hybrid materials did not affect ecotoxicity. For D. magna, despite uptake of all materials studied into the gut, the sole indication of toxicity was the release of toxic ions. This is in line with previous observations on nanomaterials. Based on the identified criteria, charts were developed to indicate the expected toxicity of advanced/innovative materials toward algae and daphnia.

Conclusion

Indicators for the toxicities of advanced materials differ for algae and daphnia. Thus, different materials give rise to concerns for the two aquatic organisms. For D. magna, only the toxic ion-releasing materials are relevant, but for R. subcapitata, more complex interactions between particular materials and cells must be considered.

Graphical Abstract
Explanatory models of hypertension in Guatemala: recognizing the perspectives of patients, family members, health care providers and administrators, and national-level health system stakeholders
Authors: Figueroa Juan Carlos , Paniagua-Avila Alejandra , Sub Cuc Ingrid , Cardona Sayra , Ramirez-Zea Manuel , Irazola Vilma , Fort Meredith P.
Published: December 2022

Background

Uncontrolled hypertension is a major public health burden and the most common preventable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in Guatemala and other low- and middle-income countries. Prior to an initial trial that evaluated a hypertension intervention in rural Guatemala, we collected qualitative information on the needs and knowledge gaps of hypertension care within Guatemala’s public healthcare system. This analysis applied Kleinman’s Explanatory Models of Illness to capture how patients, family members, community-, district-, and provincial-level health care providers and administrators, and national-level health system stakeholders understand hypertension. 

Methods

We conducted in-depth interviews with three types of participants: 1) national-level health system stakeholders (n = 17), 2) local health providers and administrators from district, and health post levels (25), and 3) patients and family members (19) in the departments of Sololá and Zacapa in Guatemala. All interviews were conducted in Spanish except for 6 Maya-Kaqchikel interviews. We also conducted focus group discussions with auxiliary nurses (3) and patients (3), one in Maya-Tz’utujil and the rest in Spanish. Through framework and matrix analysis, we compared understandings of hypertension by participant type using the Explanatory Model of Illness domains -etiology, symptoms, pathophysiology, course of illness, and treatment.

Results

Health providers and administrators, and patients described hypertension as an illness that spurs from emotional states like sadness, anger, and worry; is inherited and related to advanced age; and produces symptoms that include a weakened body, nerves, pain, and headaches. Patients expressed concerns about hypertension treatment’s long-term consequences, despite trying to comply with treatment. Patients stated that they combine biomedical treatment (when available) with natural remedies (teas and plants). Health providers and administrators and family members stated that once patients feel better, they often disengage from treatment. National-level health system stakeholders referred to lifestyle factors as important causes, considered patients to typically be non-compliant, and identified budget limitations as a key barrier to hypertension care. The three groups of participants identified structural barriers to limited hypertension care (e.g., limited access to healthy food and unaffordability of medications).

Conclusion

As understandings of hypertension vary between types of participants, it is important to describe their similarities and differences considering the role each has in the health system. Considering different perceptions of hypertension will enable better informed program planning and implementation efforts.
Intracellular osteopontin protects from autoimmunity-driven lymphoma development inhibiting TLR9-MYD88-STAT3 signaling
Authors: Rizzello Celeste , Cancila Valeria , Sangaletti Sabina , Botti Laura , Ratti Chiara , Milani Matteo , Dugo Matteo , Bertoni Francesco , Tripodo Claudio , Chiodoni Claudia , Colombo Mario P.
Published: December 2022

Background

Autoimmune disorders, including Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), are associated with increased incidence of hematological malignancies. The matricellular protein osteopontin (OPN) has been linked to SLE pathogenesis, as SLE patients show increased serum levels of OPN and often polymorphisms in its gene. Although widely studied for its pro-tumorigenic role in different solid tumours, the role of OPN in autoimmunity-driven lymphomagenesis has not been investigated yet.

Methods

To test the role of OPN in the SLE-associated lymphomagenesis, the SLE-like prone Faslpr/lpr mutation was transferred onto an OPN-deficient background. Spleen from Faslpr/lpr and OPN-/-Faslpr/lpr mice, as well as purified B cells, were analysed by histopathology, flow cytometry, Western Blot, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and gene expression profile to define lymphoma characteristics and investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the observed phenotype. OPN cellular localization in primary splenic B cells and mouse and human DLBCL cell lines was assessed by confocal microscopy. Finally, gain of function experiments, by stable over-expression of the secreted (sOPN) and intracellular OPN (iOPN) in OPN-/-Faslpr/lpr -derived DLBCL cell lines, were performed for further validation experiments.

Results

Despite reduced autoimmunity signs, OPN-/-Faslpr/lpr mice developed splenic lymphomas with higher incidence than Faslpr/lpr counterparts. In situ and ex vivo analysis featured such tumours as activated type of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL), expressing BCL2 and c-MYC, but not BCL6, with activated STAT3 signaling. OPN-/-Faslpr/lpr B lymphocytes showed an enhanced TLR9-MYD88 signaling pathway, either at baseline or after stimulation with CpG oligonucleotides, which mimic dsDNA circulating in autoimmune conditions. B cells from Faslpr/lpr mice were found to express the intracellular form of OPN. Accordingly, gene transfer-mediated re-expression of iOPN, but not of its secreted isoform, into ABC-DLBCL cell lines established from OPN-/-Faslpr/lpr mice, prevented CpG-mediated activation of STAT3, suggesting that the intracellular form of OPN may represent a brake to TLR9 signaling pathway activation.

Conclusion

These data indicate that, in the setting of SLE-like syndrome in which double strand-DNA chronically circulates and activates TLRs, B cell intracellular OPN exerts a protective role in autoimmunity-driven DLBCL development, mainly acting as a brake in the TLR9-MYD88-STAT3 signaling pathway.
Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic for substance misuse services: findings from a peer-led study
Authors: Holloway Katy , Murray Shannon , Buhociu Marian , Arthur Alisha , Molinaro Rondine , Chicken Sian , Thomas Elwyn , Courtney Sam , Spencer Alan , Wood Rachel , Rees Ryan , Walder Stephen , Stait Jessica
Published: December 2022

Background

The measures implemented to contain the spread of the COVID-19 virus disrupted the provision of substance misuse treatment and support. However, little is known about the impact of this disruption on individuals seeking treatment for drug- and/or alcohol-related problems (henceforth service users). This study aimed to help substance misuse services learn lessons and identify ways of optimising delivery and minimising harm in the event of any future lockdowns or global crises.

Methods

The study was co-produced by a team of peer researchers, practitioners, policymakers and academics. Telephone interviews were conducted with 202 substance misuse service users over a 6-month period commencing June 2020. The interviews were conducted by a small group of seven peer researchers each with lived experience of substance use problems. The interview data were recorded by the peers in an anonymous online questionnaire survey and analysed using standard quantitative and qualitative methods.

Results

Service users responded to the COVID-19 pandemic in a variety of ways. Diverse responses were noted in relation to their substance use patterns, their personal lives and their substance misuse treatment experiences. For some, the pandemic acted as a new risk environment factor that increased their vulnerability to substance-related harm. For others, it facilitated aspects of the enabling environment, thereby reducing the risk of harm.

Conclusions

Service users are not a homogenous group, and an individualised approach to treatment that recognises the potential for varied responses to the same stimuli is needed. The findings suggest that service users would benefit from having a choice in how they access treatment and from greater access to outreach programmes that take treatments and harm reduction tools such as naloxone into the community. The research also supports the involvement of people with lived experience in substance use research, policy and practice.
Socio-economic difference in purchases of ultra-processed foods in Australia: an analysis of a nationally representative household grocery purchasing panel
Authors: Coyle Daisy H. , Huang Liping , Shahid Maria , Gaines Allison , Di Tanna Gian Luca , Louie Jimmy Chun Yu , Pan Xiongfei , Marklund Matti , Neal Bruce , Wu Jason H. Y.
Published: December 2022

Background

Consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with increased risk of obesity and non-communicable diseases. Little is known about current patterns of ultra-processed foods intake in Australia. The aim of this study was to examine the amount and type of ultra-processed foods purchased by Australian households in 2019 and determine whether purchases differed by socio-economic status (SES). We also assessed whether purchases of ultra-processed foods changed between 2015 and 2019. 

Methods

We used grocery purchase data from a nationally representative consumer panel in Australia to assess packaged and unpackaged grocery purchases that were brought home between 2015 to 2019. Ultra-processed foods were identified according to the NOVA system, which classifies foods according to the nature, extent and purpose of industrial food processing. Purchases of ultra-processed foods were calculated per capita, using two outcomes: grams/day and percent of total energy. The top food categories contributing to purchases of ultra-processed foods in 2019 were identified, and differences in ultra-processed food purchases by SES (Index of Relative Social Advantage and Disadvantage) were assessed using survey-weighted linear regression. Changes in purchases of ultra-processed foods between 2015 to 2019 were examined overall and by SES using mixed linear models.

Results

In 2019, the mean ± SD total grocery purchases made by Australian households was 881.1 ± 511.9 g/d per capita. Of this, 424.2 ± 319.0 g/d per capita was attributable to purchases of ultra-processed foods, which represented 56.4% of total energy purchased. The largest food categories contributing to total energy purchased included mass-produced, packaged breads (8.2% of total energy purchased), chocolate and sweets (5.7%), biscuits and crackers (5.7%) and ice-cream and edible ices (4.3%). In 2019, purchases of ultra-processed foods were significantly higher for the lowest SES households compared to all other SES quintiles (P < 0.001). There were no major changes in purchases of ultra-processed foods overall or by SES over the five-year period.

Conclusions

Between 2015 and 2019, ultra-processed foods have consistently made up the majority of groceries purchased by Australians, particularly for the lowest SES households. Policies that reduce ultra-processed food consumption may reduce diet-related health inequalities.
Green microwave synthesis of ZnO and CeO2 nanorods for infectious diseases control and biomedical applications
Authors: Gharbia Nevein , Elsabbagh Sabha , Saleh Ali , Hafez Hoda
Published: December 2022

Control of Infectious diseases such as; bacteria and viruses, has become a globally critical issue, since the appearance of COVID-19 virus in 2020. In addition to the microbial resistance of the currently available therapeutic drugs as well as, its prolonged side effects make its use is of health care concern. Green nanotechnology approach is a promising solution for controlling such infectious diseases and many biomedical purposes. In the present study, green synthesis approach based on microwave-assisted hydrothermal method is an innovative and environmentally friendly method for preparation of bioactive CeO2 and ZnO nanorod structured materials using Olea europaea (O. e.) leaf plant extract as a natural medicinal capping agent for controlling the shape and size of nano-products. The optical and structural analyses of the obtained nanorod-structures are characterized using; TEM, FTIR, XRD, SBET analyses and particle size analyzer. The green-synthesized ZnO and CeO2 nanorods display an average crystallite size of approximately 15 and 5 nm, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of ZnO and CeO2 nanorods compared with the traditional hydrothermal methods, was examined on six clinical pathogens including; (E. coli Serratia sp., S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus mutant, and MRSA). The results indicated superior antimicrobial and anti-tumor activities towards hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (IC50 = 117.24 and 103.50 μg mL−1 for ZnO and CeO2 and LD50 > 3000 mg kg−1). This demonstrates that the green microwave process is a promising approach for the synthesis of effective ZnO and CeO2 nanomaterials applied for many biomedical applications.
Influence of eating concept on eating behavior and stunting in Indonesian Madurese ethnic group
Authors: Diana Rian , Rachmayanti Riris Diana , Khomsan Ali , Riyadi Hadi
Published: December 2022

Background and objectives

Stunting is a serious public health problem in Indonesia. Madura Island, which is inhabited by the Madurese ethnicity, had a very high stunting prevalence. The cultural factors of stunting mainly focus on food, food taboos, and early complementary feeding or prelacteal feeding practices. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the eating concept and its association with child feeding practices and stunting among the Madurese ethnic group in Indonesia.

Methods

This qualitative study was conducted in Sampang District, Madura Island, East Java, Indonesia. A total of 61 informants participated in this study (25 informants of in-depth interviews, 26 informants of FGDs, and 10 families in observations). Data collection consists of culture, values, and beliefs in child feeding practices that influence children’s nutritional status. The analysis used was content analysis by emphasizing the meanings, themes, and concepts of eating and stunting.

Results and conclusions

Stunting was considered a normal condition rather than a nutritional problem. The concept of eating is “eating rice.” Eating without other dishes is acceptable as long as there is rice on the plate. This concept affects inappropriate complementary food feeding practices and malnutrition among children under five. Overall, the study contributed to the improvement of the stunting reduction program by addressing how Madurese thought about eating and stunting.
Diagnostic performance of pre-management computed tomography findings as a predictor of conservative treatment success in patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis
Authors: Badawy Mohamed Ali , Abdelbaset Mohamed , Zahran Mohamed , Ghobrial Fady Kamal , El-Ghar Mohamed Abou , Elsorougy Ali , Abdelhamid Abdalla
Published: December 2022

Background

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is one of the most serious urologic emergency which should be diagnosed and treated adequately to prevent impending septic shock and death. Computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard radiologic modality for diagnosis, grading and predicting the outcome. We aimed in this study to define the initial CT radiological findings correlated with EPN conservative management success.

Results

This study involved 54 patients (42 women and 12 males) with a mean age of 48 ± 10 years. EPN grades I, II, III, and IV were noticed in 12, 17, 20, and 5 patients, respectively. Ten patients (18.5%) received successful conservative management. On the other hand, renal drainage was needed in 42 patients (77.8%). Delayed nephrectomy was required in two cases (3.7%). In univariate and multivariate analyses, the absence of hydronephrosis and decreased air locules volume were predictors of conservative treatment success (P = 0.003 and 0.01, respectively).

Conclusions

Conservative therapy should be selected in certain patients of emphysematous pyelonephritis. Decreased air locules volume and the absence of hydronephrosis in pre-admission computed tomography were predictors for conservative therapy success.
Isolation and identification of four pathogenic bacterial strains from edible snake (Elaphe carinata and Ptyas mucosus) farms with pneumonia in China
Authors: Xia Ying , Long Siyu , Peng Yuxuan , Qin Songkang , Shen Yaoqin
Published: December 2022

This report describes an outbreak and treatment of pneumonia and enteritis in a snake farm with more than 3000 snakes containing Elaphe carinata (one-year-old) and Ptyas mucosus (three-month-old) seedlings in Huanggang, Hubei, China. Gentamicin was used once in the early stage as treatment, administered orally with water or feed by owners, but mortality increased. Lobar pneumonia was confirmed by dissection and histopathology in infected snakes. Four main pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified with culture and 16S rRNA sequencing: Staphylococcus sciuri, Salmonella enteritis, Vagococcus fluvialis and Providencia vermicola. Drug susceptibility tests were performed, and amikacin, gentamicin and cefitriaxone were chosen accordingly. After two rounds of treatment, the clinical signs for Elaphe carinata were under control, and the mortality was close to 0% after treatment. However, treatments for Ptyas mucosus seedlings did not work well, potentially because of poor administration technique and weak body condition.
Development of a Core Set of Patient- and Caregiver-Reported Signs and Symptoms to Facilitate Early Recognition of Acute Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy Toxicities
Authors: Spanjaart Anne M. , Pennings Elise R.A. , Kos Milan , Mutsaers Pim G.N.J. , Lugtenburg Pieternella J. , van Meerten Tom , van Doesum Jaap A. , Minnema Monique C. , Jak Margot , van Dorp Suzanne , Vermaat Joost S.P. , van der Poel Marjolein W.M. , van Oijen Martijn G.H. , Kuipers Maria T. , Nijhof Inger S. , Kersten Marie José
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE:

Prompt recognition of acute chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T)-cell–mediated toxicities is crucial because adequate and timely management can prevent or reverse potential life-threatening complications. In the outpatient setting, patients and informal caregivers have to recognize and report signs and symptoms marking these acute toxicities. This study provides a core set of patient- and caregiver-reported signs and symptoms (outcomes, P/CROs) and definitions of red flags warranting immediate action to include in a daily checklist for support at home, with the goal to make outpatient post–CAR T-cell care safer, optimize patient and caregiver support, and thereby facilitating an early discharge/hospital visit reduction strategy.

METHODS:

We performed a systematic review of phase II/III trials of US Food and Drug Administration–approved CAR T-cell products and selected all common and severe adverse events that could be translated into a P/CRO for inclusion in a two-round modified Delphi procedure. Eleven CAR T-cell–dedicated hematologists from the Dutch CAR T-cell tumorboard representing all treating centers selected P/CROs for inclusion in the core set and defined red flags. The final core set was evaluated with patients and caregivers.

RESULTS:

From nine clinical trials, 457 adverse events were identified of which 42 could be used as P/CRO. The final core set contains 28 items, including five signs for measurement via wearables and two signs for caregiver-performed assessments.

CONCLUSION:

This study provides a core set of P/CROs that can serve as a framework for (eHealth) tools that aim to enable patients and caregivers to more effectively recognize and report signs and symptoms of acute toxicities after CAR T-cell therapy, which will enhance safe outpatient treatment monitoring.
Energy communities: engaging people and technologies in the future of energy
Authors: Loureiro Tatiana , Jiménez Argumosa Paula , Aggeli Aggeliki , Arniani Marta , Blanke Julia , Barrios Blanca
Published: December 2022

This is a summary of the clustering workshop at the Sustainable Places 2022 conference. The H2020 funded projects LIGHTNESS, HESTIA, LocalRES and CREATORS came together to shed light on the importance of engaging people and unlocking the potential of technologies to promote energy communities and meet the EU’s ambition of a joint net-zero emission of greenhouse gases by the year 2050. To ensure a people-centric, sustainable, just, and innovative energy future, citizens and experts must be brought into dialogue to co-design new ways of organising around energy.
Comparison of Total Phenolic, Flavonois Content, and Antioxidant Activity Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk. Methanol Extract from Sleman and Bantul District
Authors: Pratiwi Ambar , Susilowati Riska
Published: December 2022

Antioxidant compounds can inhibit free radicals that are harmful to body health. The side effects of natural antioxidant compounds are safer than synthetic antioxidants. The source of natural antioxidant compounds can be obtained from jackfruit because it contains phenolics, flavonoids, sterols, and tannins. The study was conducted to determine the highest total phenolic content, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity in the methanol extract samples of jackfruit from Sleman and Bantul Regencies. The extraction technique used maceration with methanol (1: 5) solvent. The phenolic content was tested by the Follin-Ciocalteu method at a wavelength of 745 nm, while the flavonoid content was tested using the AlCl3 method at a wavelength of 435 nm. The antioxidant activity was determined by the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method at a wavelength of 517 nm. The results showed that the total phenolic and flavonoid content of the methanol extract of jackfruit from Bantul Regency was 1.927 m GAE / mg and 0.261 m QE / mg higher than Sleman Regency 1.353 m GAE / mg and 0.0913 m QE / mg and the highest antioxidant activity name in the sample extract from Bantul Regency, the IC50 value was 581.5 mg / mL and based on the results of statistical tests there were significant differences in content. This study concludes that the total phenolic content and total flavonoids as well as the antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of jackfruit from the Bantul Regency were higher than from Sleman Regency.
Research trends in isolation and identification of bacteria from Indonesia with various roles: Review Article
Authors: Nuryady Moh. Mirza , Aisha Aisha , Aulia Diva , Savitri Aulia
Published: December 2022

Bacteria are agents that can be used widely and are genetically easy to manipulate and reproduce. Many studies related to the isolation and identification of bacterial isolates from Indonesia have been carried out for various purposes. This research is still ongoing and has never been informed about the abundance of data from previous studies. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of research topic trends related to the isolation and identification of bacterial isolates from Indonesia. The method used in this review is by setting inclusion and exclusion criteria and selecting a random sample of articles for analysis. The results of a review of research trends in isolation and identification of bacterial isolates from Indonesia showed four main topics discussed, namely the topics of food processing, agriculture, health, and bioremediation. Analysis of 41 articles shows that the most common discussion is the exploration of Lactate Origin-producing bacteria, the role of improving food quality. Furthermore, it was identified that the most isolated bacterial isolates came from food and plants, with 14 publications from a total of 41 articles. It can be concluded that exploratory research on Lactic Acid Bacteria for improving the quality of food products is currently the most studied topic by researchers in Indonesia.
Ethanolic Extracts of Shallot Leaves (Allium ascalonicum L.) as Botanical Pesticide for Controlling Fall Armyworms (Spodoptera fugiperda J.E. Smith)
Authors: Putri Diah Asta , Nur Aini Pradipta
Published: December 2022

The application of botanical pesticide is a positive long term approach to control S. frugiperda. Shallot leaves contain acetogenin compound, hence it has the potential to become botanical pesticide. This study is aimed at finding out the effects of ethanolic extract of shallot leaves on S. frugiperda larvae in vitro. Extract is prepared using maceration method with ethanol solvent. The method of treatment is Leaf Dipping. The study applies Completely Randomized Design with concentration of shallot leaf extract as treatment at 0 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm, 750 ppm dan 1000 ppm. Each treatment consists of four repetitions. Examination is conducted for 24 hours. Examination parameter is mortality of larvae and LC50. Data are analyzed with One Way ANOVA (proceeded with LSD) and Probit analysis. The results suggest that shallot leaf extract at the concentration of 1000 ppm appears to be the most effective on the mortality of larvae. The obtained LC50 value is 263,02 ppm. The study indicates that shallot leaf extract can be applied as an alternative synthetic insecticide to control ini S. frugiperda.
Meiofaunal Diversity in Progo and Opak River Estuaries
Authors: Suwartiningsih Nurul , Muhammad Ardhi Fauzan
Published: December 2022

The Estuaries of Progo and Opak rivers, being the terminus of all rivers flowing through the Special Region of Yogyakarta, are highly susceptible to pollution which results in decreased water quality. The use of meiofauna as a bioindicator to assess water quality in the estuaries of Progo and Opak rivers has never been made. This study aims to determine the diversity of meiofauna at the estuaries of Progo and Opak rivers. Stations and sampling points are determined using purposive sampling method. Extraction is conducted using water ice treatment method. The meiofauna obtained from the sediment screening are then identified, calculated and analyzed to find out the index values ​​of abundance, dominance, diversity, and evenness. The results showed that the highest meiofauna abundance index was 247,333 ind. m-2 at the estuary of Progo river station 1 at the time of the first pick-up. While the lowest meiofauna abundance was 13,333 ind. m-2 at station 2 of Opak river estuary during the first take. The dominance at the estuaries of Progo and Opak rivers is in the moderate category. The meiofauna diversity in both river estuaries is categorized as low to moderate. Evenness in both estuaries is uneven at several stations. The meiofauna diversity at the estuaries of Progo and Opak rivers is low to moderate, although the water quality still meets the quality standards.
Growth Response and Biochemistry of Red Spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) with the Application of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Lemna sp.
Authors: Pratiwi Ambar , Roka Aji Oktira , Sumbudi Milliniawati
Published: December 2022

Red spinach is widely cultivated and consumed by the public because it has high antioxidants, vitamins (A, C, E), protein, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium and calcium. P giving POC can increasered spinach biomass. Nutrients in POC have been decomposed so that they are easily absorbed by plants. This study aims to analyze the giving of POC Lemna sp. on growth and biochemical content of red spinach and determine the concentration of POC Lemna sp. effective for red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.). The study used a completely randomized design with 3 replications and 3 treatments. The independent variable in this study was the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer Lemna sp. (A=0%, B=5%, and C=10%). Data were analyzed by ANOVA test and DMRT test at 5% level. The results showed that the administration of POC Lemna sp. gave significantly different results on the A (0%) treatment of plant height, stem diameter, and flavonoid parameters. Giving POC Lemna sp. can increase the growth and flavonoid content of red spinach. The concentration of liquid organic fertilizer Lemna sp. 5% effective for the growth of red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.).
Automated multi-target super-resolution microscopy with trust regions
Authors: Schodt David J. , Farzam Farzin , Liu Sheng , Lidke Keith A.
Published: December 2022

We describe a dedicated microscope for automated sequential localization microscopy which we term Sequential Super-resolution Microscope (SeqSRM). This microscope automates precise stage stabilization on the order of 5-10 nanometers and data acquisition of all user-selected cells on a coverslip, limiting user interaction to only cell selection and buffer exchanges during sequential relabeling. We additionally demonstrate that nanometer-scale changes to cell morphology affect the fidelity of the resulting multi-target super-resolution overlay reconstructions generated by sequential super-resolution microscopy, and that regions affected by these shifts can be reliably detected and masked out using brightfield images collected periodically throughout the experiment. The SeqSRM enables automated multi-target imaging on multiple user-selected cells without the need for multiple distinct fluorophores and emission channels, while ensuring that the resulting multi-target localization data accurately reflect the relative organization of the underlying targets.
Knowledge and practices of modern contraceptives among religious minority (Muslim) women: A cross-sectional study from Southern Nepal
Authors: Thakuri Dipendra Singh , K. C. Singh Yamuna , Karkee Rajendra , Khatri Resham B.
Published: December 2022

Background

Uptake of family planning (FP) services could prevent many unwanted pregnancies, and unsafe abortions and avert maternal deaths. However, women, especially from ethnic and religious minorities, have a low practice of contraceptives in Nepal. This study examined the knowledge and practices of modern contraceptive methods among Muslim women in Nepal.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 Muslim women in the Khajura Rural Municipality of Banke district. Data were collected using face to face structured interviews. Two outcome variables included i) knowledge of and ii) practices of contraceptives. Knowledge and practice scores were estimated using the list of questions. Using median as a cut-off point, scores were categorised into two categories for each outcome variable (e.g., good knowledge and poor knowledge). Independent variables were several sociodemographic factors. The study employed logistic regression analysis, and odds ratios (OR) were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) at a significance level of p<0.05 (two-tailed).

Results

Almost two-thirds (69.2%) of respondents had good knowledge of modern contraceptive methods, but only 47.3% practised these methods. Women of nuclear family (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.38,0.95), and who work in agricultural sector (aOR = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.22, 0.64) were less likely to have good knowledge on modern contraceptives. Women with primary (aOR = 2.59; 95% CI: 1.43, 4.72), secondary and above education (aOR = 4.41; 95% CI:2.02,9.63), women with good knowledge of modern contraceptives (aOR = 2.73; 95% CI: 1.66, 4.51), who ever visited a health facility for FP counselling (aOR = 4.40; 95% CI: 2.58, 7.50) had higher odds of modern contraceptives practices.

Conclusion

Muslim women had low use of modern contraceptive methods despite having satisfactory knowledge about them. There is a need for more equitable and focused high-quality FP practices. Targeted interventions are needed to increase the knowledge and practices of contraceptives in the Muslim community. The study highlights the need to target FP interventions among socially disadvantaged women, those living in a nuclear family, and those with poor knowledge of modern contraceptives.
The accuracy of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) in detecting human intestinal nematode infections: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jayakody Nalini Kaushalya , Kumbukgahadeniya Poornima Lakshini , Silva Anjana , Wickramasinghe Nuwan Darshana , Wickramasinghe Susiji , McManus Donald Peter , Weerakoon Kosala Gayan
Published: December 2022

Human intestinal nematode infections are a global public health issue as they can result in considerable morbidity in infected individuals, mainly in developing countries. These infections continue to go undiagnosed, as they tend to be mainly endemic in resource-poor communities where there is a shortage of experienced laboratory staff and relevant diagnostic technologies. This is further exacerbated by the nature of intermittent shedding of eggs and larvae by these parasites. Diagnostic methods range from simple morphological identification to more specialised high-throughput sequencing technologies. Microscopy-based methods, although simple, are labour-intensive and considerably less sensitive than molecular methods which are rapid and have high levels of accuracy. Molecular methods use nucleic acid amplification (NAA) to amplify the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA) fragments of the parasite to detect and determine its presence using different technologies (NAAT). They have increased the sensitivity of detection and quantitation of intestinal nematode infections, especially in low infection intensity settings. The absence of a gold standard test limits current diagnosis and, in turn, restricts intervention measures and effective control efforts. The objective of this review is to determine the accuracy of NAATs in detecting human intestinal nematode infections using Kato-Katz as the reference test for the most common soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections and the scotch tape test for enterobiasis and Baermann method for strongyloidiasis. Relevant studies will be identified by searches in electronic databases. Two reviewers will independently screen the literature against eligibility criteria. The methodological quality of studies will then be appraised by two reviewers using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool. Discrepancies will be addressed by a third reviewer. The true positives, false positives, true negatives and false negatives of all the studies will be extracted into contingency tables. In paired forest plots, study-specific sensitivity and specificity with a 95 per cent confidence interval will be displayed. The systematic review of this protocol will report the diagnostic accuracy of currently available NAATs for the detection of human intestinal nematode infections. This will help healthcare providers and administrators determine the diagnostic method to be used in different clinical and preventive settings.

Trial registration: PROSPERO registration number for this protocol is CRD42022315730.
Comentário: Quem toma conta dos jornalistas
Authors: Bélair-Gagnon Valérie , Holton Avery E.
Published: December 2022

A maioria das pessoas passa uma grande parte das suas vidas a trabalhar. É, talvez, inevitável que os ambientes de trabalho ajudem a moldar o bem-estar e a felicidade das pessoas. Ao refletirmos sobre os últimos 20 anos da revista Media & Jornalismo, devemos também olhar para o futuro do jornalismo e ponderar o modo como a pesquisa académica pode contribuir para esse futuro. Argumentamos que é necessário considerar uma possível mudança paradigmática nos estudos e práticas jornalísticas que desloque o olhar do jornalismo e considere também a humanidade dos profissionais, vendo-os menos como mercadorias e mais como indivíduos complexos que merecem o bem-estar pessoal e profissional.
Assédio e hostilidade online contra jornalistas
Authors: Silveirinha Maria João , Sampaio-Dias Susana , Miranda João , Garcez Bibiana , Dias Bruno
Published: December 2022

Apesar das esperanças depositadas nos potenciais benefícios de uma maior aproximação entre jornalistas e audiências no espaço digital, a possibilidade de as audiências comentarem ou acederem facilmente aos/às jornalistas tornou-se um problema reconhecido. O assédio e os ataques em linha a estes/as profissionais, mais visíveis com o crescimento da extrema-direita, tornaram-se problemas relevantes que têm também dimensões de género. A partir de um estudo tridimensional que incluiu o mapeamento de uma amostra de comentários a notícias, um inquérito a jornalistas e um conjunto de entrevistas em profundidade a mulheres jornalistas, esta investigação procura analisar a situação em Portugal. Os resultados confirmam a presença de discurso abusivo nos comentários a notícias, a perceção pelos/as jornalistas de que o ambiente digital veio agravar a hostilidade contra a imprensa, a falta de confiança nos mecanismos de proteção e como aspetos como o género são relevantes no assédio online.
Notícias e análises de conteúdo no século XXI
Authors: Hendrickx Jonathan , Pakvis Michael
Published: December 2022

Ao longo de décadas, a análise de conteúdo das notícias tem sido um elemento fundamental na pesquisa em jornalismo. Facilita a discussão e a compreensão de vários tipos de conteúdo dos media, desde artigos de jornal a tweets. Contudo, é geralmente realizada ad hoc para estudos ou projetos específicos, por investigadores de vários países, utilizando uma infinidade de abordagens. Em particular, verifica-se uma falta de conhecimento científico e de análise sistemática sobre o que constitui a análise do conteúdo das notícias, pelo que avaliamos plataformas, continentes e/ou países. Para contribuir para o conhecimento académico, operacionalizamos uma revisão estruturada da literatura e nela avaliamos 2909 resumos de artigos em língua inglesa, publicados entre 2001 e 2020, que utilizam análise de conteúdo das notícias.
Confiança e uso dos media na União Europeia
Authors: Sousa João Carlos , Pinto-Martinho Ana
Published: December 2022

Compreender quais são os factores sócio-mediáticos que impactam na confiança dos cidadãos nas autoridades locais e regionais revela-se de extrema importância, em sociedades crescentemente polarizadas. O presente trabalho pretende, através do uso de dados do Eurobarómetro, com um total de 27.746 participantes dos 28 Estados-Membro da União Europeia, contribuir para uma clarificação do papel dos media na confiança nas instituições locais e regionais. A operacionalização passa pela implementação de um modelo de regressão logística, que permita medir o impacto dos media e determinantes sócio-educacionais na confiança nestas instituições de proximidade. A demonstração empírica permitiu concluir que quem confia e usa os media tradicionais tende a ter maiores probabilidades de confiar nas autoridades locais e regionais. Estas evidências remetem-nos para a ideia de que os maiores utilizadores dos media digitais devem ser o foco de políticas públicas que visem a literacia mediática e digital. Deste combate depende a democraticidade das sociedades europeias.
Co-enseñanza como modelo de gestión organizativa en las aulas inclusivas: fortalezas y debilidades
Authors: Pérez-Gutiérrez Raquel , Casado-Muñoz Raquel , Ordóñez-Fernández Feliciano-Francisco
Published: December 2022

La co-enseñanza se presenta como un modelo organizativo de apoyo entre docentes con el fin de facilitar la presencia, la participación y el progreso del alumnado y su desarrollo integral en una sociedad cada vez más diversa. Es un modelo de corte inclusivo que promueve la teoría, la práctica y la reflexión con el propósito de realizar una transformación pedagógica a través de la colaboración conjunta entre profesionales. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar cómo se llevan a cabo las sesiones de co-enseñanza en los centros asturianos de educación infantil y primaria y qué fortalezas o debilidades percibe el profesorado ante esta modalidad organizativa. Se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico de conveniencia (ex post facto) y se llevó a cabo un diseño cuantitativo no experimental descriptivo-comparativo. La enseñanza individualizada y personalizada del alumnado y el enriquecimiento profesional destacan como puntos fuertes frente a la falta de tiempo para la planificación y la falta de compromiso del profesorado que se analizan como debilidades. Este trabajo revela una tendencia en alza hacia la utilización de esta modalidad organizativa como facilitadora del proceso inclusivo.
Bacteriophage efficacy in controlling swine enteric colibacillosis pathogens: An in vitro study
Authors: Songphasuk Techaphon , Imklin Napakhwan , Sriprasong Pattaraporn , Woonwong Yonlayong , Nasanit Rujikan , Sajapitak Somchai
Published: December 2022

Background and Aim: Swine enteric colibacillosis caused by Escherichia coli is a major problem in the swine industry, causing diarrhea among swine and resulting in substantial financial losses. However, efforts to counter this disease are impeded by the increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) worldwide, so intensive research is being conducted to identify alternative treatments. This study isolated, characterized, and evaluated the efficacy of bacteriophages to control pathogens causative of swine enteric colibacillosis. Materials and Methods: Five sewage samples were collected from different areas of a swine farm in Suphanburi province, Thailand and the bacteriophages were enriched and isolated, followed by purification by the agar overlay method using E. coli RENR as the host strain. The selected phages were characterized by evaluating their morphology, while their specificity was verified by the host range test. The efficiency of plating and multiplicity of infection (MOI) were also determined. Results: Four selected phages, namely, vB_Eco-RPNE4i3, vB_Eco-RPNE6i4, vB_Eco-RPNE7i1, and vB_Eco-RPNE8i3, demonstrated different patterns of host range and phage efficiency. They significantly decreased E. coli concentration at the tested MOIs (0.01–100) from 1 h onward. However, bacterial regrowth was observed in all phage treatments. Conclusion: This study shows the potential of using phages as an alternative treatment for swine enteric colibacillosis. The obtained results demonstrated that the selected phages had a therapeutic effect against pathogens causative of swine enteric colibacillosis. Therefore, phages could be applied as an alternative treatment to control specific bacterial strains and reduce AMR arising from the overuse of antibiotics.