bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised and supervised learning for the reliability analysis of complex systems
Authors: Gámiz Maria Luz , Navas‐Gómez Fernando , Nozal‐Cañadas Rafael , Raya‐Miranda Rocío
Published: March 2023

In this paper, a strategy to deal with high‐dimensional reliability systems with multiple correlated components is proposed. The goal is to construct a state function that enables the classification of the states of components in one of two categories, that is, failure and operative, in case of dealing with a large number of units in the system. To this end, it is proposed a new algorithm that combines a factor analysis algorithm (unsupervised learning) with local‐logistic and isotonic regression (supervised learning). The reliability function is estimated and system failures are predicted in terms of the variables in the original state space. The dimensions in the latent state space are defined by blocks of units with a certain dependence structure. The flexibility of the model allows quantifying locally the effect that a particular unit has on the system performance and a ranking of components can be obtained under the philosophy of the Birnbaum importance measure. The good performance of the proposal is assessed by means of a simulation study. Also a real data case is considered to illustrate the method.
An evidential network approach to reliability assessment by aggregating system‐level imprecise knowledge
Authors: Huang Tudi , Shao Zhidong , Xiahou Tangfan , Liu Yu
Published: March 2023

Modern complex engineering systems oftentimes possess hierarchical structures which can be physically divided into several levels. Traditional reliability assessment methods were conducted using field data or time‐to‐failure data. For a hierarchical system, different levels’ reliability‐related data from monitoring or observations can provide additional information to update the system's reliability. However, with the limitation of sensing and monitoring technologies and vague judgments from experts, the reliability data inevitably contain epistemic uncertainty. Properly fusing the imprecise data can still improve the accuracy of system reliability assessment. In this article, we propose a reliability assessment approach based on the evidential network (EN) model to update the hierarchical systems’ reliability by aggregating the system‐level imprecise knowledge. First, the evidence theory is applied to quantify the epistemic uncertainty associated with the imprecise system‐level reliability data. Then, an EN model is created to realize the uncertainty propagation and fusion of imprecise data. Finally, at any particular time instant, the system reliability can be updated with the aid of imprecise data based on the proposed EN model. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by a real engineering case of a wind turbine system. Overall, the results shown from the case study support that the proposed method can update the reliability of hierarchical systems by using system‐level imprecise data.
An unbiased function‐based Poisson adaptive EWMA control chart for monitoring range of shifts
Authors: Abbas Zameer , Nazir Hafiz Zafar , Riaz Muhammad , Shi Jianqing , Abdisa Atomsa Gemechu
Published: March 2023

For monitoring the number of nonconformities per unit in industrial processes during the inspection, Poisson control charts are most widely deployed. These charting structures are referred to as attribute control charts as the quality characteristic under study is based on a nominal scale other than a quantitative or measured scale. In this study, Poisson adaptive exponentially weighted moving average (PAEWMA) has been designed and the performance of the said chart under a steady‐state situation along with the zero‐state condition has been studied for detecting changes over an unknown range of shifts. The enactment of the proposed PAEWMA design with existing schemes has been evaluated and compared using run‐length (RL) profiles such as; average RL (ARL), the standard deviation of RL (SDRL), and some percentile points of the RL distribution. The extra quadratic loss and relative mean index measures have been used for comparing the range of shifts. The comparison reveals that the proposed PAEWMA chart under the steady‐state situations performs far better than the competitors. The effect of estimation of the process parameter is also a part of the study. The three applications of the proposal have been included; which are taken from the artificial dataset, from past study monitoring dataset, and the other from the aircraft accident monitoring data for the implementation of the proposal.
Surgery Followed by 585 nm Pulsed-Dye Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Granuloma Faciale
Authors: Ha-Wissel Linh , Kröger Lasse , Langan Ewan A. , Kahle Birgit , Boch Katharina
Published: March 2023

Granuloma faciale is a rare, benign skin disease characterised by solitary or multiple papules, plaques or nodules, most often occurring on the face. The skin disorder is often associated with exacerbations and remissions; spontaneous resolution seldom occurs. The treatment of granuloma faciale is challenging. Various topical and systemic treatments, but also surgical and laser therapies have been administered. A spatially confined thermal destruction of the tissue is achieved by strong absorption of haemoglobin at 585 nm wavelength. Of note, none of the presently available therapeutic interventions are particularly successful. Moreover, Granuloma faciale has the tendency to recur after treatment. Here, we present a male patient with a treatment refractory Granuloma faciale on the right cheek who was successfully treated with the combination of surgery and pulsed-dye laser therapy. Besides the good aesthetic outcome, remission was maintained after almost 1 year of follow-up.
Diagnostic sensitivity of ultrasound of the supraspinatus tendon when compared to magnetic resonance imaging prior to arthroscopy: A retrospective study
Authors: McGuire Lisa B. , Quinton Ann E. , Cossetto David J. , Hanchard Tracey J. , Spurway Jacqueline F.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Ultrasound (USS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been used as screening tools for rotator cuff tears with MRI reported as superior. When comparing USS and MRI for supraspinatus tears, less data is available.

Aim

Compare the diagnostic sensitivity of USS and MRI in the pre‐operative diagnosis of partial thickness tears (PTT) and full thickness tears (FTT) of supraspinatus tendons compared to gold‐standard shoulder arthroscopy to assess if differences in detection rates exist.

Method

Retrospective study of deidentified electronic medical records including post‐operative surgical notes and pre‐operative imaging USS and MRI results.

Results

N = 103 participants, male: female ratio of 63:40, mean age 64 years. FTT were diagnosed by arthroscopy in 63/103 (61.2%), PTT <5 mm in 18/103 (17.5%), PTT >5 mm in 22/103 (21.4%). USS and MRI sensitivity were both 95.2% for FTT. PTT <5 mm sensitivity for USS and MRI were 83.3% and 77.7%, and PTT >5 mm sensitivity were 73.3% and 86.4% respectively. Overall supraspinatus tears USS sensitivity was 88.4% and MRI 90.3%.

Discussion

Comparable sensitivity was demonstrated for FTT for USS and MRI. USS had better sensitivity than MRI for PTT <5 mm, MRI performed better for PTT >5 mm. Pre‐operative evaluation of suspected supraspinatus tears could include USS as a first line imaging modality, due to its low cost and easier availability.

Conclusion

USS has high diagnostic accuracy for diagnosing supraspinatus FTT and PTT. MRI may be used where significant glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis needs to be assessed. Further studies with larger numbers are needed to verify these results.
Assessing the quality of reference books on the English writing examination in Hong Kong: How can an evaluation checklist help?
Authors: Wang Simon , Li Cissy , Yu Wing Ki
Published: March 2023

Despite research studies on TESOL materials and textbooks addressing a wide range of pedagogical issues as well as evaluation strategies, reference books for examination preparation have received little attention from TESOL researchers. This study reports an attempt to develop a checklist for evaluating the reference books for the examination for the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education (HKDSE, the college entrance requirement for secondary school students in Hong Kong), with a particular focus on books for the English writing examination. The researchers acquired a total of 39 reference books on DSE English writing and examined them against the reports and documents of the Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority as well as the Education Bureau. After identifying the most concerning issues in the reference books, the researchers developed a checklist for evaluating future reference books using the framework suggested by McGrath (2002), taking into account the Education Bureau's guidelines for local school textbook evaluation. The authors conclude by briefly discussing implications and how their findings could be shared with HKDSE candidates through engaging the Hong Kong government.
Developing language teacher identity through photo‐elicitation in TESOL teacher education
Authors: Weng Zhenjie , Troyan Francis John
Published: March 2023

This feature article introduces the use of photo elicitation as a reflection technique for TESOL teacher education to explore the connection between emotions and language teacher identity (LTI). In current TESOL teacher education, there is limited knowledge about how to integrate the discussion of emotions and LTI into language teacher education courses and how to engage students in this discussion intentionally and effectively. To address this gap, the authors advocate for the use of an alternative approach—photo‐elicitation—to further enrich the reflection techniques that can be used to encourage teacher candidates to discuss and construct LTI through their emotional experiences. The article includes a series of tasks that can be used in TESOL teacher education courses to engage teacher candidates in reflecting upon their emotional experiences and making the connection to their LTI construction.
Using observational mean‐flow data to drive large‐eddy simulations of a diurnal cycle at the SWiFT site
Authors: Allaerts Dries , Quon Eliot , Churchfield Matt
Published: March 2023

Reproducing realistic date‐ and site‐specific unsteady wind conditions in large‐eddy simulations is becoming increasingly useful in wind energy. How to run a large‐eddy simulation to match observed conditions, however, remains an open research question. One approach that has received considerable attention is mesoscale‐to‐microscale coupling, in which information about the mesoscale weather, most commonly acquired from a mesoscale numerical weather model, is passed on to a microscale model. In this paper, we demonstrate how the recently developed profile‐assimilation technique, a form of mesoscale‐to‐microscale coupling, can be used to drive large‐eddy simulations solely based on observed mean‐flow profiles at a single location, bypassing the need for auxiliary mesoscale simulations. The new approach is evaluated for a diurnal cycle at the Scaled Wind Farm Technology site. Observed mean‐flow profiles from the ground up to a height of 2 km are reconstructed by aggregating measurements from multiple instruments, and gaps in the data are infilled with natural neighbor interpolation. We perform nine simulations using various forcing approaches to deal with data limitations. The results show that it is indeed possible to drive microscale large‐eddy simulation with observations using the profile‐assimilation technique, notwithstanding large gaps in virtual potential temperature measurements. However, profile assimilation with vertical smoothing of the error between the desired and actual profiles is required. Without that smoothing, the microscale simulations develop unrealistically high turbulence levels under many situations. Finally, we show that simulated mesoscale data can account for missing observations, although care is needed as both data sources are not necessarily compatible.
Numerical investigation of heat transfer in the presences of thermo‐cross diffusion gradients on flow over a curved geometry
Authors: Ullah Basharat , Al Qahtani Salman A. , Dahshan Mostafa , Wahab Hafiz Abdul , Khan Umar
Published: March 2023

Here, we examine the behavior of micropolar fluids as they travel through a curved stretching surface. We integrate thermo‐diffusion and diffusion‐thermo effects into the temperature and concentration equations to study the impact of cross‐diffusion gradients on velocities, temperatures, and concentrations. The equations governing the flow are nonlinear, thus by applying practical similarity transformations, we obtain a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations that can be solved. Using the Runge–Kutta numerical procedure, we are able to determine an answer to the modified system. The profiles of velocity, concentration, and temperature are shown, along with the influence of non‐dimensional parameters on those variables. The skin friction coefficient, as well as the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, is computed numerically, and their fluctuations as a function of various parameters are investigated. The implications of these findings for engineering and industry are greater.
On representations of direct products and the bounded generation property of branch groups
Authors: Kionke Steffen , Schesler Eduard
Published: March 2023

We prove that the minimal representation dimension of a direct product G of non-abelian groups $$G_1,\ldots ,G_n$$

G
1

,
…
,

G
n

is bounded below by $$n+1$$

n
+
1

and thereby answer a question of Abért. If each $$G_i$$

G
i

is moreover non-solvable, then this lower bound can be improved to be 2n. By combining this with results of Pyber, Segal, and Shusterman on the structure of boundedly generated groups, we show that branch groups cannot be boundedly generated.
A model for boundary dynamics of Baker domains
Authors: Fagella Núria , Jové Anna
Published: March 2023

We consider the transcendental entire function $$ f(z)=z+e^{-z} $$

f

(
z
)

=
z
+

e

-
z

, which has a doubly parabolic Baker domain U of degree two, i.e. an invariant stable component for which all iterates converge locally uniformly to infinity, and for which the hyperbolic distance between successive iterates converges to zero. It is known from general results that the dynamics on the boundary is ergodic and recurrent and that the set of points in $$ \partial U $$

∂
U

whose orbit escapes to infinity has zero harmonic measure. For this model we show that stronger results hold, namely that this escaping set is non-empty, and it is organized in curves encoded by some symbolic dynamics, whose closure is precisely $$ \partial U $$

∂
U

. We also prove that nevertheless, all escaping points in $$ \partial U $$

∂
U

are non-accessible from U, as opposed to points in $$ \partial U $$

∂
U

having a bounded orbit, which are all accessible. Moreover, repelling periodic points are shown to be dense in $$ \partial U $$

∂
U

, answering a question posted in (Barański et al. in J Anal Math 137:679–706, 2019). None of these features are known to occur for a general doubly parabolic Baker domain.
Spinal cord anomalies in children with anorectal malformations: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: de Beaufort Cunera M. C. , Groenveld Julia C. , Mackay Tara M. , Slot K. Mariam , de Beer Sjoerd A. , de Jong Justin R. , van Schuppen Joost , McDonald Carola J. , Bakker Dewi P. , van den Berg Elske , Kuijper Caroline F. , Gorter Ramon R.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

First, to assess the number of spinal cord anomalies (SCA), specifically tethered spinal cord (TSC) in patients with anorectal malformations (ARM), identified with spinal cord imaging (i.e. spinal cord US and/or MRI). Second, to report outcomes after TSC treatment.

Methods

A retrospective mono-center study was performed. All ARM patients born between January 2000 and December 2021 were included. Screening for SCA consisted of spinal cord US and/or MRI. Radiology reports were scored on presence of SCA. Data were presented with descriptive statistics.

Results

In total, 254 patients were eligible for inclusion, of whom 234 (92.1%) underwent spinal cord imaging. In total, 52 (22.2%) patients had a SCA, diagnosed with US (n = 20, 38.5%), MRI (n = 10, 19.2%), or both US and MRI (n = 22, 42.3%), of whom 12 (23.5%) with simple, 27 (52.7%) intermediate, and 12 (23.5%) complex ARM types. TSC was identified in 19 patients (8.1%), of whom 4 (21.1%) underwent uncomplicated neurosurgical intervention.

Conclusions

SCA were present in 22% of ARM patients both in simple, as well as more complex ARM types. TSC was present in 19 patients with SCA, of whom 4 underwent uncomplicated neurosurgical intervention. Therefore, screening for SCA seems to be important for all ARM patients, regardless of ARM type.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Analytical and numerical study of a vibrating magnetic inverted pendulum
Authors: Moatimid Galal M. , Amer T. S. , Zekry Marwa H.
Published: March 2023

The current study investigates the stability structure of the base periodic motion of an inverted pendulum (IP). A uniform magnetic field affects the motion in the direction of the plane configuration. Furthermore, a non-conservative force as one that dampens air is considered. Its underlying equation of motion is derived from traditional analytical mechanics. The mathematical analysis is made simpler by substituting the Taylor theory in order to expand the restoring forces. The modified Homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is employed to achieve a roughly adequate regular result. To support the prior result, a numerical method based on the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method (RK4) is employed. The graphs for both the analytic and numerical solutions are highly consistent with one another, which indicates that the perturbation strategy is accurate. The solution time history curve exhibits a decaying performance and indicates that it is steady and without chaos. The resonance and non-resonance cases are found through the stability study by using the time scale method. In all perturbation approaches, the methodology of multiple time scales is actually regarded as a further standard approach. The time history is used to create a collection of graphs. Some graphical representations are used to illustrate how the typical physical values affect the behavior of the discovered solution. It has been discovered that the statically unstable IP can have its instability reduced by raising the spring torsional constant stiffness as well as the damped coefficient. Moreover, the magnetic field has a significant role in the stability configuration, which explains that at higher values of this field, the decaying waves take much more time than the smaller values of this field. Accordingly, it can be employed in various engineering devices that need a certain period of time to be more stable.
Effect of food industry by-products on bacterial cellulose production and its structural properties
Authors: Heydorn Raymond Leopold , Lammers David , Gottschling Martina , Dohnt Katrin
Published: March 2023

The advances in bioprocess design, genetic engineering, and media optimization have enabled enhanced bacterial cellulose (BC) production and its application for diverse purposes. Following the requirements of a bioeconomy, numerous approaches were conducted to investigate alternative carbon or nitrogen sources from industrial by-products for BC biosynthesis. They can, however, not only affect the BC production but also its properties. Beet molasses, vinasse, and waste beer fermentation broth (WBFB) have thus been investigated in single and combined approaches for their BC production potential and effects on structural properties using Komagataeibacter xylinus DSM 2325. Therefore, the composition of each complex component was initially analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC), total bound nitrogen (TNb), sugars, organic acids, and alcohols. The polymer properties were characterized via gel permeation chromatography and X-ray diffraction. In dynamic shake flask cultivations, the exchange of Hestrin-Schramm (HS) medium components for a combination of all three complex substrates on a TOC- or TNb-based quantity resulted in the highest BC concentration (8.2 g L−1). Comparable concentrations were achieved when combining molasses and WBFB (8.1 g L−1). Each investigated complex component led to differing degrees of polymerization (DPn: 2751−4601) and BC crystallinities (26−58%) in comparison to HS medium. Beet molasses and vinasse were found to decrease the polymer crystallinity but induce higher DPn whereas the opposite occurred for WBFB. This study thus highlights beneficial effects of food industry by-products for BC biosynthesis and elucidates concomitantly occurring structural polymer alterations to enable further studies dealing with alternative substrates for structurally tailored BC production.
Fabrication, Characterization and Adsorption Investigation of Nano Zinc Oxide–Sodium Alginate Beads for Effective Removal of Chromium (VI) from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Hezma A. M. , Shaltout Walaa A. , Kabary Hoda A. , El-Bahy Gamal S. , Abdelrazzak Abdelrazek B.
Published: March 2023

Alginate–zinc oxide (Alg–ZnO) biocomposite was synthesized and tested as a chromium ions Cr(VI) adsorbent for environmental applications. Alg–ZnO biocomposite was prepared by the interaction between sodium alginate biopolymer and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO–NPs), prepared by modified wet chemical method. The solid adsorption characteristics of the synthesized Alg–ZnO biocomposite were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Adsorption isotherms of chromium ions on the prepared Alg–ZnO biocomposite were investigated with varying the initial concentration of Cr(VI) under different application conditions such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and temperature. Adsorption of Cr(VI) was investigated by different isotherm models such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich models. Maximum adsorption capacities (31.09 and 34.63 mg/g) were achieved by ZnO–NPs and Alg–ZnO, respectively at 25 °C. The results of isotherm models indicate the perfect applicability of Langmuir and Dubinin–Radushkevich models, revealing the dominance of monolayer and the physisorption of chromium ions onto the studied adsorbents.
ReLU Neural Network Galerkin BEM
Authors: Aylwin Rubén , Henríquez Fernando , Schwab Christoph
Published: March 2023

We introduce Neural Network (NN for short) approximation architectures for the numerical solution of Boundary Integral Equations (BIEs for short). We exemplify the proposed NN approach for the boundary reduction of the potential problem in two spatial dimensions. We adopt a Galerkin formulation-based method, in polygonal domains with a finite number of straight sides. Trial spaces used in the Galerkin discretization of the BIEs are built by using NNs that, in turn, employ the so-called Rectified Linear Units (ReLU) as the underlying activation function. The ReLU-NNs used to approximate the solutions to the BIEs depend nonlinearly on the parameters characterizing the NNs themselves. Consequently, the computation of a numerical solution to a BIE by means of ReLU-NNs boils down to a fine tuning of these parameters, in network training. We argue that ReLU-NNs of fixed depth and with a variable width allow us to recover well-known approximation rate results for the standard Galerkin Boundary Element Method (BEM). This observation hinges on existing well-known properties concerning the regularity of the solution of the BIEs on Lipschitz, polygonal boundaries, i.e. accounting for the effect of corner singularities, and the expressive power of ReLU-NNs over different classes of functions. We prove that shallow ReLU-NNs, i.e. networks having a fixed, moderate depth but with increasing width, can achieve optimal order algebraic convergence rates. We propose novel loss functions for NN training which are obtained using computable, local residual a posteriori error estimators with ReLU-NNs for the numerical approximation of BIEs. We find that weighted residual estimators, which are reliable without further assumptions on the quasi-uniformity of the underlying mesh, can be employed for the construction of computationally efficient loss functions for ReLU-NN training. The proposed framework allows us to leverage on state-of-the-art computational deep learning technologies such as TENSORFLOW and TPUs for the numerical solution of BIEs using ReLU-NNs. Exploratory numerical experiments validate our theoretical findings and indicate the viability of the proposed ReLU-NN Galerkin BEM approach.
Monoamine oxidase inhibition properties of 2,1-benzisoxazole derivatives
Authors: Shetnev Anton , Kotov Alexandr , Kunichkina Anna , Proskurina Irina , Baykov Sergey , Korsakov Mikhail , Petzer Anél , Petzer Jacobus P.
Published: March 2023

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) are flavoenzymes that metabolize neurotransmitter, dietary and xenobiotic amines to their corresponding aldehydes with the production of hydrogen peroxide. Two isoforms, MAO-A and MAO-B, are expressed in humans and mammals, and display different substrate and inhibitor specificities as well as different physiological roles. MAO inhibitors are of much therapeutic value and are used for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders such as depression, anxiety disorders, and Parkinson’s disease. To discover MAO inhibitors with good potencies and interesting isoform specificities, the present study synthesized a series of 2,1-benzisoxazole (anthranil) derivatives and evaluated them as in vitro inhibitors of human MAO. The compounds were in most instances specific inhibitors of MAO-B with the most potent MAO-B inhibition observed for 7a (IC50 = 0.017 µM) and 7b (IC50 = 0.098 µM). The most potent MAO-A inhibition was observed for 3l (IC50 = 5.35 µM) and 5 (IC50 = 3.29 µM). It is interesting to note that 3-(2-aminoethoxy)-1,2-benzisoxazole derivatives, the 1,2-benzisoxazole, zonisamide, as well as the isoxazole compound, leflunomide, have been described as MAO inhibitors. This is however the first report of MAO inhibition by derivatives of the 2,1-benzisoxazole structural isomer.

Graphical abstract
Convolutional neural network based decoders for surface codes
Authors: Bordoni Simone , Giagu Stefano
Published: March 2023

The decoding of error syndromes of surface codes with classical algorithms may slow down quantum computation. To overcome this problem it is possible to implement decoding algorithms based on artificial neural networks. This work reports a study of decoders based on convolutional neural networks, tested on different code distances and noise models. The results show that decoders based on convolutional neural networks have good performance and can adapt to different noise models. Moreover, explainable machine learning techniques have been applied to the neural network of the decoder to better understand the behaviour and errors of the algorithm, in order to produce a more robust and performing algorithm.
Effects of grape seed-derived proanthocyanidin B2 pretreatment on oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells in renal ischemia–reperfusion injury model of mice
Authors: Wang Zhi-shun , Shu Bo , Han Qi , Li Guo-hao , Guo Yong-lian
Published: March 2023

Purpose

To investigate the effect of grape seed-derived proanthocyanidin B2 (GSPB2) pretreatment on acute renal ischemia–reperfusion injury model of mice.

Methods

50 mice were divided into 5 groups: Sham group: mice were treated with right nephrectomy. GSPB2 group: GSPB2 was injected intraperitoneally 45 min before right nephrectomy. IRI group: right kidney was resected and the left renal arteriovenous vessel was blocked for 45 min. GSPB2 + IRI group: GSPB2 was intraperitoneally injected 45 min before IRI established. GSPB2 + BRU + IRI group: GSPB2 and brusatol (BRU) were injected intraperitoneally 45 min before IRI established. Creatinine and urea nitrogen of mice were detected, and the kidney morphology and pathological changes of each group were detected by HE staining, PAS staining and transmission electron microscopy. Expressions of Nrf2, HO-1, GRP78, CHOP, and cleaved-caspase3 were detected by immunofluorescence staining and western blotting.

Results

Morphology and mitochondrial damages of kidney in GSPB2 + IRI group were significantly alleviated than those in IRI group. Expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 were significantly higher in GSPB2 + IRI group than those in IRI group. Expression levels of GRP78, CHOP and cleaved-caspase3 were significantly lower in GSPB2 + IRI group than those in IRI group. However, compared to GSPB2 + IRI group, protective effects of GSPB2 pretreatment were weakened in GSPB2 + BRU + IRI group.

Conclusions

GSPB2 pretreatment could alleviate oxidative stress damage and reduce apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells, which might be related to activating the antioxidant system, up-regulating the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, inhibiting the expressions of GRP78, CHOP and cleaved-caspase3. However, the protective effect could be reversed by brusatol.
Sex Differences in Sexual Satisfaction and Psychological Symptoms in Young Adult Pornography Users
Authors: Czajeczny Dominik , Aurast Zuzanna , Godlewska Karolina , Mojs Ewa
Published: March 2023

Research indicates that men and women have different preferences and patterns of sexual behavior and the use of pornographic content. It is commonly found that men use porn more frequently. A recent study found sex differences in motivations behind porn use. Authors speculated that different motivations might lead to different outcomes. The presented study aimed to compare sex differences in the associations between pornography use, sexual satisfaction, and occurrence of psychological symptoms between high and low pornography users sampled from the general population. A sample of 179 participants between the ages of 18 to 37 completed the questionnaire containing questions about demographic data, manner, and frequency of porn use and two psychometric scales: the General Functioning Scale GFQ-58 (assessing broad psychological symptoms) and the Sexual Satisfaction Scale SSC. In general, females in the study obtained higher scores on the General Functioning Scale, presenting more psychological symptoms. Still, when considering the frequency and manner of porn use, it is men in which increased porn use was found to be associated with psychological symptoms. Presented data provide evidence that men and women might have different motivations, leading to varying outcomes of porn use. This further supports the hypothesis that it is not porn that is inherently harmful, but rather why and how you use it.
Loading of zinc oxide nanoparticles from green synthesis on the low cost and eco-friendly activated carbon and its application for diazinon removal: isotherm, kinetics and retrieval study
Authors: Pourali Peyman , Rashtbari Yousef , Behzad Aylar , Ahmadfazeli Ali , Poureshgh Yousef , Dargahi Abdollah
Published: March 2023

Diazinon (DZN) has been reported as an important pesticide with wide application in agriculture. The entry of these compounds into water resources has brought serious environmental problems due to their resistance to biodegradation; thus, this study was considered to be done to explore the process of DZN uptake and the influence of effective parameters. The study was performed experimentally and on a laboratory scale. Investigating the structure and morphology of the nanocomposite was done based on different analyses, i.e., FE-SEM, FTIR, and XRD. The experiments based on the Box–Behnken scheme were performed by surveying four important operating parameters (pH, contact time, nanocomposite dose, and DZN concentration). Optimization was performed by experiment design software and using the response surface method and analysis of the proposed model. The DZN removal efficiency was obtained 100% under optimal conditions including pH = 5, nanocomposite dose = 0.83 g/L, reaction time = 55 min, and DZN concentration = 5 mg/L. Considering the high correlation coefficient R2 = (0.9873) and $$R_{{{\text{Adj}}}}^{{2}}$$

R

Adj

2

= (0.9725), the proposed model (quadratic) was approved. The results were indicative of conforming the reaction kinetic to the pseudo-second-order model and the correspondence of reaction isotherm to the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.997). Based on the obtained results, the adsorption process with AC–ZnO nanocomposite could be introduced as an efficient and eco-friendly technique to remove DZN.
Bilinear pseudodifferential operators with symbol in $$BS_{1,1}^m$$ on Triebel–Lizorkin spaces with critical Sobolev index
Authors: Arias Sergi , Rodríguez-López Salvador
Published: March 2023

In this paper we obtain new estimates for bilinear pseudodifferential operators with symbol in the class $$BS_{1,1}^m$$

B

S

1
,
1

m

, when both arguments belong to Triebel-Lizorkin spaces of the type $$F_{p,q}^{n/p}({\mathbb {R}}^n)$$

F

p
,
q

n
/
p

(

R

n

)

. The inequalities are obtained as a consequence of a refinement of the classical Sobolev embedding $$F^{n/p}_{p,q}({\mathbb {R}}^n)\hookrightarrow \textrm{bmo}({\mathbb {R}}^n)$$

F

p
,
q

n
/
p

(

R

n

)

↪
bmo

(

R

n

)

, where we replace $$\textrm{bmo}({\mathbb {R}}^n)$$

bmo
(

R

n

)

by an appropriate subspace which contains $$L^\infty ({\mathbb {R}}^n)$$

L
∞

(

R

n

)

. As an application, we study the product of functions on $$F_{p,q}^{n/p}({\mathbb {R}}^n)$$

F

p
,
q

n
/
p

(

R

n

)

when $$1<p<\infty $$

1
<
p
<
∞

, where those spaces fail to be multiplicative algebras.
Mean-field coupled systems and self-consistent transfer operators: a review
Authors: Tanzi Matteo
Published: March 2023

In this review we survey the literature on mean-field coupled maps. We start with the early works from the physics literature, arriving to some recent results from ergodic theory studying the thermodynamic limit of globally coupled maps and the associated self-consistent transfer operators. We also give few pointers to related research fields dealing with mean-field coupled systems in continuous time, and applications.
Computing torsion subgroups of Jacobians of hyperelliptic curves of genus 3
Authors: Müller J. Steffen , Reitsma Berno
Published: March 2023

We introduce an algorithm to compute the structure of the rational torsion subgroup of the Jacobian of a hyperelliptic curve of genus 3 over the rationals. We apply a implementation of our algorithm to a database of curves with low discriminant due to Sutherland as well as a list of curves with small coefficients. In the process, we find several torsion structures not previously described in the literature. The algorithm is a generalisation of an algorithm for genus 2 due to Stoll, which we extend to abelian varieties satisfying certain conditions. The idea is to compute p-adic torsion lifts of points over finite fields using the Kummer variety and to check whether they are rational using heights. Both have been made explicit for Jacobians of hyperelliptic curves of genus 3 by Stoll. This article is partially based on the second-named author’s Master thesis.
Determination of the modular Jacobian varieties $$J_1(M,MN)$$ with the Mordell–Weil rank zero
Authors: Matsuda Koji
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we determine all modular Jacobian varieties $$J_1(M,MN)$$

J
1

(
M
,
M
N
)

over the cyclotomic fields $${{\mathbb {Q}}}(\zeta _M)$$

Q
(

ζ
M

)

with the Mordell–Weil rank zero assuming the Birch–Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, following the method of Derickx, Etropolski, van Hoeij, Morrow, and Zureick-Brown.
The Utilisation of Polyethylene Waste Pyrolytic Wax as an Additive to Enhance the Performance of Virgin and Polypropylene-Modified Bitumen
Authors: Vargas Camilo , Hanandeh Ali El
Published: March 2023

Plastic addition to bitumen increases the stiffness of the binder, reduces its workability due to the increase in viscosity, and causes storage stability issues. Thus, plastic pre-treatment methods are needed. This research aims to address these shortcomings by developing a wax derived from the pyrolysis of polyethylene (PE) waste and investigating its efficacy as an additive in virgin bitumen and bitumen modified with recycled polypropylene (PP). Penetration, softening point, segregation, stress ratio, consistency, stiffness, and viscosity of the modified bitumen were measured. The interior structure and chemical changes of the proposed binders were also studied using a fluorescence microscope and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). When virgin bitumen is modified with 7% PE wax, its softening point increases (+ 15%), its viscosity is reduced (− 27%), and no segregation issue is observed. It also presented a stiffness increase (+ 32%) and better resistance to hot climates. Adding 7% of PE wax to bitumen modified with 5% PP reduces its viscosity by 70% and segregation by 26% while increasing its stiffness and rutting resistance in comparison to the bitumen solely modified with PP. These results reveal that, in addition to enhancing bitumen properties, the proposed substance reduces compaction and mixing energy requirements.
Minimalistic approach to enhanced recovery after pediatric scoliosis surgery
Authors: Barnett Scott A. , Song Bryant M. , Bauer Matthew , Nungesser Matthew E. , Leonardi Claudia , Heffernan Michael J.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Prior studies of enhanced recovery protocols (ERP) have been conducted at large institutions with abundant resources. These results may not apply at institutions with less resources directed to quality improvement efforts. The purpose of this study was to assess the value of a minimalistic enhanced recovery protocol in reducing length of stay (LOS) following PSF for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. We hypothesized that accelerated transition to oral pain medications and mobilization alone could shorten hospital length of stay in the absence of a formal multimodal pain regimen.

Methods

AIS patients aged 10–18 who underwent PSF at a tertiary pediatric hospital between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2017 were reviewed. The study population was further narrowed to consecutive patients from a single surgeon’s practice that piloted the modified ERP. Reservation from key stakeholders regarding the feasibility of implementing widespread protocol change led to the minimal alterations made to the postoperative protocol following PSF. Patients were divided into either the Standard Recovery Protocol (SRP) or Enhanced Recovery Protocol (ERP). Primary variables analyzed were hospital LOS, complications, readmissions, and total narcotic requirement.

Results

A total of 92 patients met inclusion criteria. SRP and ERP groups consisted of 44 (47.8%) and 48 (52.2%) patients. There was no difference between the two groups with regard to age, sex, and ASA score (p > 0.05). Fusion levels and EBL did not differ between treatment groups (p > 0.05). PCA pumps were discontinued later in the SRP group (39.5 ± 4.3 h) compared to the ERP group (17.4 ± 4.1 h, p < 0.0001). Narcotic requirement was similar between groups (p = 0.94) Patients in the SRP group had longer hospital stays than patients in the ERP group (p < 0.0001). 83% of the ERP group had LOS ≤ 3 days compared to 0% in the SRP group, whose mean LOS was 4.2 days. There was no difference in complications between the groups (2.2% vs 6.0%, p = 0.62). Readmission to the hospital within 30 days of surgery was rare in either group (2 SRP patients: 1 superior mesenteric artery syndrome, 1 bowel obstruction vs 0 ERP patients, p = 0.23).

Conclusion

In this cohort, minor changes to the postoperative protocol following surgery for AIS led to a significant decrease in hospital length of stay. This minimalistic approach may ease implementation of an ERP in the setting of stakeholder apprehension.
5-Deazaalloxazine as photosensitizer of singlet oxygen and potential redox-sensitive agent
Authors: Insińska-Rak Małgorzata , Golczak Anna , Gierszewski Mateusz , Anwar Zubair , Cherkas Volodymyr , Kwiatek Dorota , Sikorska Ewa , Khmelinskii Igor , Burdziński Gotard , Cibulka Radek , Mrówczyńska Lucyna , Kolanowski Jacek Lukasz , Sikorski Marek
Published: March 2023

Flavins are a unique class of compounds that combine the features of singlet oxygen generators and redox-dependent fluorophores. From a broad family of flavin derivatives, deazaalloxazines are significantly underdeveloped from the point of view of photophysical properties. Herein, we report photophysics of 5-deazaalloxazine (1a) in water, acetonitrile, and some other solvents. In particular, triplet excited states of 1a in water and in acetonitrile were investigated using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) transient absorption spectroscopy. The measured triplet lifetimes for 1a were all on the microsecond time scale (≈ 60 μs) in deoxygenated solutions. The quantum yield of S1 → T1 intersystem crossing for 1a in water was 0.43 based on T1 energy transfer from 1a to indicaxanthin (5) acting as acceptor and on comparative actinometric measurements using benzophenone (6). 1a was an efficient photosensitizer for singlet oxygen in aerated solutions, with quantum yields of singlet oxygen in methanol of about 0.76, compared to acetonitrile ~ 0.74, dichloromethane ~ 0.64 and 1,2-dichloroethane ~ 0.54. Significantly lower singlet oxygen quantum yields were obtained in water and deuterated water (ФΔ ~ 0.42 and 0.44, respectively). Human red blood cells (RBC) were used as a cell model to study the antioxidant capacity in vitro and cytotoxic activity of 1a. Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) data were analyzed by fluorescence lifetime parameters and distribution for different parts of the emission spectrum. Comparison of multidimensional fluorescent properties of RBC under physiological-like and oxidative-stress conditions in the presence and absence of 1a suggests its dual activity as probe and singlet-oxygen generator and opens up a pathway for using FLIM to analyze complex intracellular behavior of flavin-like compounds. These new data on structure–property relationship contribute to the body of information required for a rational design of flavin-based tools for future biological and biochemical applications.

Graphical abstract
Five Times Faster
Authors: Sharpe Simon
Published: March 2023

We need to act five times faster to avoid dangerous climate change. As Greenland melts, Australia burns, and greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, we think we know who the villains are: oil companies, consumerism, weak political leaders. But what if the real blocks to progress are the ideas and institutions that are supposed to be helping us? Five Times Faster is an inside story from Simon Sharpe, who has spent ten years at the forefront of climate change policy and diplomacy. In our fight to avoid dangerous climate change, science is pulling its punches, diplomacy is picking the wrong battles, and economics has been fighting for the other side. This provocative and engaging book sets out how we should rethink our strategies and reorganise our efforts in the fields of science, economics, and diplomacy, so that we can act fast enough to stay safe.
Techical Notes
Authors: Gibbings J. C.
Published: March 2023

The log-law for the turbulent flow in a smooth pipe is written as:

With uT determined from the pressure drop along the pipe, the measured velocity distribution can readily be used to determine values of K and B. Alternatively, the power-law variation is written as:

involving again two constants, to be similarly determined.
The future shape of medium and long-range civil engines
Authors: Young P. H.
Published: March 2023

The continuation of mass travel over long distances, is inconceivable if the world really runs short of energy. Thus, looking at the year 2000 we have two alternatives:

either: fuel will be strictly rationed and reserved for essential purposes, which certainly would not include long-distance mass-travel,

or: fuel will continue to be freely available to the airlines at some price.

In the first scenario, there is no future for civil aviation as we know it and the aerospace industries must turn to new fields of endeavour.

In the second scenario, we have to answer the question: ‘what fuel at what price?'. This has to be answered because, if the price were to rise sufficiently, then the result would be similar to that of the first scenario as the present travelling public could no longer afford to buy airline tickets.
The Response of the Large‐Scale Tropical Circulation to Warming
Authors: Silvers Levi G. , Reed Kevin A. , Wing Allison A.
Published: March 2023

Previous work has found that as the surface warms the large‐scale tropical circulations weaken, convective anvil cloud fraction decreases, and atmospheric static stability increases. Circulation changes inevitably lead to changes in the humidity and cloud fields which influence the surface energetics. The exchange of mass between the boundary layer (BL) and the midtroposphere has also been shown to weaken in global climate models. What has remained less clear is how robust these changes in the circulation are to different representations of convection, clouds, and microphysics in numerical models. We use simulations from the Radiative‐Convective Equilibrium Model Intercomparison Project to investigate the interaction between overturning circulations, surface temperature, and atmospheric moisture. We analyze the underlying mechanisms of these relationships using a 21‐member model ensemble that includes both General Circulation Models and Cloud‐system Resolving Models. We find a large spread in the change of intensity of the overturning circulation. Both the range of the circulation intensity, and its change with warming can be explained by the range of the mean upward vertical velocity. There is also a consistent decrease in the exchange of mass between the BL and the midtroposphere. However, the magnitude of the decrease varies substantially due to the range of responses in both mean precipitation and mean precipitable water. We hypothesize based on these results that despite well understood thermodynamic constraints, there is still a considerable ability for the cloud fields and the precipitation efficiency to drive a substantial range of tropical convective responses to warming.