bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Skipping” posterior hemivertebra resection with short segmental fusion for congenital kyphoscoliosis due to nonadjacent fully segmented hemivertebrae in children
Authors: Du You , Zhang Jianguo , Wang Shengru , Yang Yang , Zhuang Qianyu , Wu Nan , Lin Guanfeng
Published: March 2024

Objective: To describe the technique and evaluate the results of “skipping” posterior hemivertebra resection with short segmental fusion for the treatment of progressive complex congenital spinal deformities due to nonadjacent hemivertebrae.
Methods: This study was a retrospective case series. Twelve patients, consisting of six males and six females, with congenital kyphoscoliosis caused by nonadjacent fully segmented hemivertebrae and with an average age of 4.6 years (ranging from 3 to 9 years), were enrolled. Whole standing spine radiographs were used to measure various parameters including the Cobb angle of the segmental curve and the compensatory curve, segmental kyphosis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, trunk shift, sagittal vertical alignment, and T1-S1 length before surgery, after surgery, and at the latest follow-up evaluation. Additionally, the hemivertebral location, fused segment, operation time, and blood loss were assessed.
Results: All patients were followed up for a minimum of 2 years. On average, each patient had 2.6 fused segments and each hemivertebra had 1.3 fused segments. The segmental scoliosis measurement was 43.0° before surgery, 4.7° after surgery, and 7.8° at the latest follow-up evaluation. Segmental kyphosis measurements improved from 15.4° to 6.5°. The compensatory cranial and caudal curves were corrected by 86.7% and 83.5%, respectively. Trunk shift improved from 22.3 mm to 7.9 mm. The length of T1-S1 was 25.3 cm before surgery, 27.5 cm after surgery, and 34.7 cm at the latest follow-up evaluation. Two patients required revision surgery due to decompensation during the follow-up period.
Conclusions: “Skipping” posterior hemivertebra resection with short segmental fusion could provide satisfactory correction with limited fusion. However, decompensation may occur during follow-up. The prognosis of the discs between two fusion masses needs to be evaluated in the future.
Differences in clinical outcomes of bloodstream infections caused by Klebsiella aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae: a multicentre cohort study
Authors: Guedes Mariana , Gathara David , López-Hernández Inmaculada , Pérez-Crespo Pedro María Martínez , Pérez-Rodríguez María Teresa , Sousa Adrian , Plata Antonio , Reguera-Iglesias Jose María , Boix-Palop Lucía , Dietl Beatriz , Blanco Juan Sevilla , Castillo Carlos Armiñanzas , Galán-Sánchez Fátima , Kindelán Clara Natera , Jover-Saenz Alfredo , Aguirre Josune Goikoetxea , Alemán Ana Alemán , Ciordia Teresa Marrodán , Jiménez Alfonso Arco , Fernandez-Suarez Jonathan , Lopez-Cortes Luis Eduardo , Rodríguez-Baño Jesús , PROBAC/GEIRAS-SEIMC/SAMICEI group
Published: March 2024

Background
K. aerogenes has been reclassified from Enterobacterto Klebsiella genus due to its phenotypic and genotypic similarities with K. pneumoniae. It is unclear if clinical outcomes are also more similar. This study aims to assess clinical outcomes of bloodstreams infections (BSI) caused by K. aerogenes, K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae, through secondary data analysis, nested in PRO-BAC cohort study.
Methods
Hospitalized patients between October 2016 and March 2017 with monomicrobial BSI due to K. aerogenes, K. pneumoniae or E. cloacae were included. Primary outcome was a composite clinical outcome including all-cause mortality or recurrence until 30 days follow-up. Secondary outcomes were fever ≥ 72 hours, persistent bacteraemia, and secondary device infection. Multilevel mixed-effect Poisson regression was used to estimate the association between microorganisms and outcome.

Results

Overall, 29 K. aerogenes, 77 E. cloacae and 337 K. pneumoniae BSI episodes were included. Mortality or recurrence was less frequent in K. aerogenes (6.9%) than in E. cloacae (20.8%) or K. pneumoniae (19.0%), but statistical difference was not observed (RR 0.35, 95% CI 0.08 to 1.55; RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.10 to 1.71, respectively). Fever ≥ 72h and device infection were more common in K. aerogenes group. In the multivariate analysis, adjusted for confounders (age, sex, BSI source, hospital ward, Charlson score and active antibiotic therapy), the estimates and direction of effect were similar to crude results.

Conclusions

Results suggest that BSI caused by K. aerogenes may have a better prognosis than E. cloacae or K. pneumoniae BSI.
Appropriate method of opening and closing the dura during endonasal transsphenoidal surgery: A technical report focusing on dural incision designs that considers dural tenting and dural suturing
Authors: Amano Kosaku , Oda Yuichi , Kawamata Takakazu
Published: March 2024

Here, we aimed to present an effective dural incision design that considers subsequent dural tenting and suturing in endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (TSS). In 2011, we discontinued the conventional cruciate dural incision and changed the dural incision design to create a sufficiently large dural window and the shortest incision line to reduce the interdural gap after dural suturing simultaneously. Considering the type, size, direction of extension, uneven distribution, and anticipated resection degree of the tumour, we explored dural incisions of different shapes, including horizontal and vertical straight, T-, Y-, U-, and H-shaped ones. The large dural flaps were tented using 6 − 0 nylon. The edges of the dural flaps were gathered and routinely sutured at the end of the surgery to prevent cerebrospinal fluid leakage. The modified H-shaped incision design empirically reduced the interdural gap. Planar geometrical analysis showed that this was an appropriate dural incision design because it had the shortest incision line. Moreover, Y with an upside-down T-shaped incision was suitable for extended TSS, and sideways Y-shaped and straight incisions were suitable for cases in which a large window was unnecessary. The modified H-shaped dural incision is an optimal choice for effective dural flap tenting and suturing and should be routinely used in TSS.
Radiographic knee osteoarthritis severity has no impact on fall risk: The Locomotive Syndrome and Health Outcomes in the Aizu Cohort Study (LOHAS): a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sonobe Tatsuru , Otani Koji , Sekiguchi Miho , Otoshi Kenichi , Nikaido Takuya , Sato Mari , Konno Shinichi , Matsumoto Yoshihiro
Published: March 2024

Background: To investigate factors that have an impact on the risk of falls and determine whether radiographic knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a factor involved in falls independent of knee pain, psychological factors, and physical function.
Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 1083 subjects for the 2009 Locomotive Syndrome and Health Outcomes in the Aizu Cohort Study (LOHAS). A logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between radiographic KOA and fall history.
Results: Fall history was significantly associated with the severity of knee pain. Compared to subjects with no knee pain, the odds ratio (OR) was 1.53 times higher in the subjects with mild knee pain (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–2.25), 1.69 times higher in those with moderate knee pain (95%CI: 1.03–2.79), and 2.98 times higher in those with severe knee pain (95%CI: 1.67–5.30). In subjects with depression, the OR was 1.91 (95%CI: 1.25–2.92), and in those with decreased mobility, the OR was 1.70 (95%CI: 1.08–2.69). Age, gender, knee crepitus, BMI, OLST, and sleeping pill use were not significantly associated with fall risk. In a multivariate analysis, radiographic KOA severity was not significantly associated with fall risk (OR 0.81, 95%CI 0.44–1.50 in mild OA ; OR 1.10, 95%CI 0.57–2.14 in severe OA).
Conclusion: Knee pain, decreased mobility, and depression, but not the radiographic KOA severity, were significantly associated with a fall risk. Regardless of the individual's radiographic KOA severity, the risk of falls may be reduced by treating his/her knee pain, mobility problems, and/or psychological factors.
Research on Remote Sensing Image Segmentation Algorithm Based on Res2Net and SANet
Authors: Zhang AiYuan , Lv Jingguo , Wang Chen , Zhang Chuandong
Published: March 2024

In remote sensing intelligent interpretation, the pivotal role of image segmentation is to enable precise delineation and analysis of ground objects. Addressing inherent challenges posed by the unique imaging angles and scopes in remote sensing imagery, this study introduces an advanced segmentation network leveraging Res2Net and SANet architectures. This innovative network adeptly extracts critical attributes of ground objects—such as size, shape, color, and texture—utilizing a sophisticated multi-level integration approach. This methodology ensures effective differentiation of various ground object types. Furthermore, the network integrates a novel channel weight distribution aligned with global features and an attention mechanism, optimizing the retention of pixel-level information and bolstering the capacity to capture essential details. Empirical validation across ten distinct ground object categories has established the algorithm's dominance in remote sensing image segmentation, marked by an impressive overall accuracy of 84.8%. This achievement underscores the practical applicability and efficiency of the proposed solution in the domain of remote sensing analysis.
Impact of Immobilization Stress on Erythropoiesis, Alterations in the Antioxidant System, and Potential Correction with Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni in Rabbit
Authors: Karapetyan Hasmik , Barseghyan Ernestina , Karapetyan Anna , Adamyan Tsovinar , Avtandilyan Nikolay
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the impact of immobilization stress as a risk factor for pathological processes, with a focus on erythropoiesis and oxidative stress. Additionally, the potential therapeutic effects of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni in mitigating these stress-induced alterations are explored. Immobilization stress was induced for 30 days, and its effects on erythropoiesis and antioxidant systems were assessed. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni was administered to evaluate its potential for preventing and correcting the observed negative processes. Prolonged immobilization stress led to disruptions in erythropoiesis, manifested by a delay in proliferative and maturation processes and a moderate decrease in erythrocyte equilibrium. Concurrently, increased stress duration stimulated lipid peroxidation processes and inhibited antioxidant enzyme activity. The use of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni demonstrated significant positive effects on lipid peroxidation processes and restored the activity of antioxidant enzymes, particularly peroxidase and catalase. Immobilization stress adversely affects erythropoiesis and oxidative balance, contributing to pathological processes. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni emerges as a promising intervention, displaying the potential to attenuate the negative effects of immobilization stress through its positive influence on erythropoiesis and antioxidant mechanisms.
The distribution of the extrachromosomal DNA molecules in early lung cancer
Authors: Fang Jianfei , Ying Lisha , Ma Zhengxiao , Yang Ying , Zhu Rui , Su Dan
Published: March 2024

Background
Lung cancer (LC) is a cancer with high mortality worldwide. Research on the distribution and nature of extrachromosomal DNA molecules (EcDNAm) in early LC is scarce.
Methods
After removing linear DNA and mitochondrial circular DNA, EcDNAm were extracted from two paired LC tissue samples and amplified using rolling circle amplification. High throughput extrachromosomal DNA or RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were used to explore the distribution and nature of the EcDNAm. To learn more about the role of oncogenes with large EcDNAm sizes, gene onology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed.
Results
RNA sequencing results revealed the significant difference in some genes between tumor and corresponding normal samples. At the same time, obvious distinctions were observed between relapsed and non-relapsed tumor samples. The nature of the EcDNAm was comparable between LC samples and matched normal samples. Compared with the matched normal samples, the number of EcDNAm with longer size (EcDNA), which contained driver oncogenes, was relatively high. The majority of EcDNA in this study was mainly focused on the tumor samples. Enrichment analysis of the cancer samples revealed enrichment in biological processes, such as positive regulation of protein localization, axon development and in utero embryonic development.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated the universality of the distribution and described the nature of EcDNAm in early LC. Moreover, our work fills the investigation of the EcDNAm gap and future studies should focus on the application of EcDNA as a potential biomarker in patients with early LC.
The complete chloroplast genome of the C. tangutica (Maxim.) Korsh. and an adaptive evolutionary analysis of the ycf2 gene
Authors: Guo Xiaozhu , Jiang Yongqiang , Yang Shipeng , Sun Xuemei
Published: March 2024

Clematis. tangutica (Maxim.) Korsh. is widely cultivated in Northwest China. The whole plant was called “Ye-Mang-Na-Bao” in traditional Tibetan medicine. In this study, Illumina sequencing technology was utilized to assemble and annotate the complete chloroplast genome sequences of it. The total length was 159, 584 bp, including four conserved regions: A pair of reverse repeat regions (IRa 31,042 bp and IRb 31,042 bp), a large single-copy region (79,515 bp), and a small single-copy region (17,985 bp). The genome had a total of 136 genes, with 16 presented in the reverse direction in the IR region. A total of 23 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified in the coding and non-coding regions, most of which were biased toward A/T bases. A total of 15 SSRs were distributed in the non-coding regions. A comparative analysis of the chloroplast genome sequence of the C. tangutica (Maxim.) Krosh. and other species of the Ranunculaceae revealed that the chloroplast genome sequences of plants of the Ranunculaceae were highly conserved. Differences were observed in 13 gene loci in the coding region, with the degree of differentiation of the ycf2 gene being the most obvious. A phylogenetic analysis showed that Clematis glauca had the closest relationship with C. tangutica (Maxim.) Krosh., both members of the Clematis genus. Selective locus detection of the ycf2 gene in nine species of the Ranunculaceae was performed to explore adaptive evolution traits of the ycf2 gene in it. The results show that there are significant and extremely significant positive selection sites at the 103L, 352L, 356S, 362S, 363D, 366P, 368C, 369L, 374R, 376F, 377T and 382Q loci, respectively, indicating that the ycf2 gene has been subject to adaptive evolution.Insights from our assessment of the complete chloroplast genome sequences of C. tangutica (Maxim.) Krosh. will aid in the in-depth study of the evolutionary relationship of the Ranunculaceae and provide significant sequencing information for the genetic improvement of it.
Performance of Different Forest Plantation Sawmill Technologies in Uganda
Authors: Ngobi John , Kambugu Robert Kyeyune , Mugabi Paul , Banana Abwoli Yabezi
Published: March 2024

This study determined timber volume and timber value recovery of different plantation sawmill technologies. Data were collected from four sawmills in three forest plantation clusters. A two-way ANOVA was used to test the difference in performance between sawmill technologies and the combined effect of sawmill type and log diameter on performance. Sawmill technology significantly (p < 0.05) affected timber volume recovery and value recovery. The medium band sawmill had both the highest volume recovery (43%) and value recovery (209,700 UGX/m3) whereas the mobile circular sawmill had both the lowest volume recovery (26%) and value recovery (90,000 UGX/m3). The interaction effect of sawmill technology and log diameter significantly (p < 0.05) affected timber volume and value recovery. Mean timber volume recovery of sampled sawmills was 32% while value recovery was 123,800 UGX/m3. Studies on effect of market demands and sawyer’s skills on volume, value and throughput and how they can be optimized to improve profitability and sustainability of the resource are recommended.
Tumor-associated neutrophils are a negative prognostic factor in luminal breast cancers lacking immunosuppressive macrophage recruitment
Authors: Schmidt Eva , Distel Luitpold , Erber Ramona , Büttner-Herold Maike , Rosahl Marie-Charlotte , Ott Oliver J. , Strnad Vratislav , Hack Carolin C. , Hartmann Arndt , Hecht Markus , Fietkau Rainer , Schnellhardt Sören
Published: March 2024

Background: Tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN) are important modulators of the tumor microenvironment with opposing functions which can promote and inhibit tumor progression. The prognostic role of TANs in the luminal breast cancer subtype is unclear.
Methods: A total of 144 patients were treated for early-stage hormone receptor positive breast cancer as part of an Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation (APBI) phase II trial. Resection samples from multiple locations were processed into tissue microarrays and sections thereof immunohistochemically stained for CD66b+ neutrophils. CD66b+ neutrophil density was measured separately in the stromal and intraepithelial compartment.
Results: High stromal and intraepithelial CD66b+ TAN density was a negative prognostic factor in central tumor samples. In addition, neutrophil density in adjacent normal breast tissue and lymph node samples also correlated with reduced disease-free survival. TAN density correlated with CD163+ M2-like tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) density, which we analyzed in a previous study. A combined analysis of TAM and TAN density revealed that TANs were only prognostically relevant in tumors with an elevated M1/M2 TAM ratio, while there was no impact on patient outcome in tumors with a low M1/M2 ratio.
Conclusions: In conclusion, numerous CD66b+ neutrophils in tumor tissue, normal breast tissue and lymph nodes are a negative prognostic factor in early-stage luminal breast cancer. TAN recruitment might act as a compensatory mechanism of immunoevasion and disease progression in tumors which are unable to sufficiently attract and polarize TAMs.
Using Precision Epidemiology to Identify Racialized Disparities in Overdose Mortality
Authors: Forati Amir , Ghose Rina , Mohebbi Fahimeh , Mantsch John
Published: March 2024

Efforts to understand and respond to the opioid crisis have focused on overdose fatalities. Overdose mortality rates (ratios of overdoses resulting in death) are rarely examined though they are important indicators of harm reduction effectiveness. Factors that vary across urban communities likely determine which community members are receiving the resources needed to reduce fatal overdose risk. Identifying communities with higher risk for overdose mortality and understanding influential factors is critical for guiding responses and saving lives. Using incident reports and mortality data from 2018-2021 we defined overdose mortality ratios across Milwaukee at the census tract level. To identify neighborhoods displaying higher mortality than predicted, we used Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation to define standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for each tract. Geospatial and spatiotemporal analyses were used to identify emerging hotspots for high mortality risk. Overall, mortality was highest in Hispanic and lowest in White communities. Communities with unfavorable SMRs were predominantly Black or Hispanic, younger, less employed, poorer, less educated, and had higher incarceration rates and worse mental and physical health. Communities identified as hotspots for overdoses were predominantly non-White, poorer, and less employed and educated with worse mental and physical health, higher incarceration rates, and less housing stability. The findings demonstrate that overdose mortality rates vary across urban communities and are influenced by racial disparities. A framework that enables identification of challenged communities and guides community responses is needed.
Pneumonitis after normofractionatedi Radoimmunotherapy: A method for Dose-Volume-Effect Correlation Evaluation
Authors: Kraus Kim Melanie , Bauer Caroline , Steinhelfer Lisa , Feuerecker Benedikt , Martins Juliana Cristina , Fischer Julius Clemens , Borm Kai Joachim , Peeken Jan Caspar , Bernhardt Denise , Combs Stephanie Elisabeth
Published: March 2024

Background
Post-Therapy-Pneumonitis (PTP) is a critical side effect of both, thoracic radio(chemo)therapy (R(C)T) and immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI). However, disease characteristics and patient-specific risk factors of PTP after combined R(C)T + ICI are less understood. Given that RT-triggered PTP is strongly dependent on the volume and dose of RT, driven by inflammatory mechanisms, we hypothesize that combination therapy of R(C)T with ICI influences the dose-volume-effect correlation for PTP. This study focuses on the development of a method for evaluation of alterations in the dose-volume-effect correlation of PTP after R(C)T with and without ICI.
Methods and materials
PTP volumes were delineated on the follow-up diagnostic Computed Tomography (CT) and deformably matched to the planning CT. Dose data was converted to 2-Gy equivalent doses (EQD2) and dosimetrically analyzed. The method was exemplarily tested on an internal patient cohort including 90 patients having received thoracic R(C)T + ICI (39) and R(C)T (51). Additionally, data on previous chemotherapy and RT, smoking status and pulmonary co-morbidity was conducted. An exploratory analysis has been performed and a matched pair analysis with regard to planning target volumes (PTV) was conducted for curative intended (definitive) and palliative patient cohorts individually.
Results
The presented method was able to demonstrate differences in the dose-volume-effect-correlation of PTP for the different therapies. The dosimetric analysis revealed large volumetric fractions (55%) of the PTP volumes to be located outside of high dose (EQD2 < 40 Gy) regions for R(C)T + ICI. There was a non-significant trend towards increased AUC values for R(C)T + ICI compared to R(C)T only (3743.6 Gy∙% vs. 2848.8 Gy∙%; p-value = 0.171). In contrast to the data for the palliative intended treatment group, for definitive R(C)T + ICI, data tended towards increased volumes with higher doses.
Conclusions
The proposed method was capable to demonstrate dosimetric differences in the dose-volume-effect relationship of PTP for patients with R(C)T + ICI and patients with R(C)T only. In this exploratory analysis, the patient cohorts were too small and inhomogeneous to reveal statistically significant dosimetric differences within PTP volumes for the different groups. However, our observations suggest, that for safe application of thoracic R(C)T + ICI, further careful investigation of dosimetric prescription and analysis concepts with larger and conformer study groups is recommendable.
Exogenous Glycinebetaine Mediated Tolerance Mechanism Regulates the Contrasting Responses to Drought and Flooding Stresses in Leaf Physiochemical Attributes and Growth of Maize
Authors: Wang Guo Yun , Ahmad Shakeel , Wang Bing Wei , Shi Li Bo , Wang Yong , Shi Cheng Qiao , Zhou Xun Bo
Published: March 2024

Background
Flooding and drought are the two most devastating natural hazards limiting maize production. Exogenous glycinebetaine (GB), an osmotic adjustment agent, has been extensively used but limits focus on its role in mitigating the negative effects of different abiotic stress. The study aims to identify the different roles of GB in regulating the diverse defense mechanisms of maize against drought and flooding.
Methods
Hybrids of Yindieyu 9 and Heyu 397 grown in pots in a ventilated greenhouse were subjected to flooding (2–3 cm standing layer) and drought (40–45% field capacity) at the three-leaf stage for 8 d. The effects of different concentrations of foliar GB (0, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0 mM) on the physiochemical attributes and growth of maize were tested.
Results
Both varieties were verified to have greater drought tolerance to combat oxidative stress associated with higher antioxidant activities, and proline content than flooding. While flooding decreased superoxide dismutase, peroxidase activities, and proline content, those all declined with stress duration, leading to a larger reactive oxygen species than drought. Heyu 397 was verified to be more sensitive to drought and flooding than Yindieyu 9. It was peroxidase under drought and ascorbate peroxidase under flooding that played crucial roles in tolerating water stress. Foliar GB further enhanced antioxidant ability which contributed the most effect to peroxidase to eliminate more hydrogen peroxide than superoxide anion under water stress, promoting growth especially for leaf. Furthermore, exogenous GB made a greater increment on Heyu 397 than Yindieyu 9 as well as flooding than drought.
Conclusion
Overall, a GB concentration of 5.0 mM with a non-toxic effect on well-watered maize was determined to be optimal for the effective mitigation of water stress damage to the physiochemical characteristics and growth of maize.
Rapid responses to drought in a rare California annual (San Francisco collinsia, Collinsia multicolor)
Authors: Spurlin Samantha M. , Lambrecht Susan
Published: March 2024

As climate change continues and the frequency and intensity of droughts become more prevalent in some regions, plant populations are facing greater ecological pressures. The objective of this study was to observe the response of a rare plant species to an extreme drought event associated with climate change. To study this response, we collected seeds from three populations of Collinsia multicolor(San Francisco collinsia, Plantaginaceae) found in central California both before and after the state's historic 2012- 2016 drought. We used a greenhouse study to examine contemporary evolution between the collection years, and included a drought treatment to study plasticity. We measured three traits that indicate life history, morphological, and physiological responses to drought, including flowering time, stomatal density, and chlorophyll fluorescence. In our two coastal populations, where interannual moisture variation is greatest, we observed evolution only in stomatal density, while we observed plasticity in all measured traits. In contrast, our driest inland population showed no response to the drought or to our watering treatments, which is consistent with other studies that have found less response to drought in pre-adapted populations. Overall, our results suggest that plasticity is favored in variable environments. However, they also highlight that the pace evolution may be insufficient to respond to current environmental change.
Unlocking hidden potential: The Prognostic Value and Immunoinfiltration of CACUL1 in Malignant Tumours
Authors: Tan Yuhan , Wang Ju , Kong Ying
Published: March 2024

Background: CDK2 associated cullin domain 1 (CACUL1), also named C10ORF46, is a poorly understood gene. Growing evidence illustrates that CACUL1 plays a potential role in malignant tumors. However, the prognostic value of CACUL1 in malignant tumors didn’t significant.
Methods: In this study, HPA, TCGA, GEO, TIMER2, GEPIA, GTEx, CPTAC, TISCH, and a variety of other bioinformatics tools were used. The expression was verified by immunohistochemistry.
Results: CACUL1 was markedly overexpressed in tumours and correlated with poor prognosis. It will be a potiental biomarker for predicting HCC prognosis. The evidence of a variety of genetic and epigenetic signatures of CACUL1 in different types of cancer has been studied, and some of the results are also in relation to prognosis. Additionally, CACUL1 is associated with the expression of currently recognised immune checkpoints or infiltrates. Further analysis of CACUL1 and tumour-associated immune cells revealed a link between CACUL1 and macrophages in multiple tumour types. The promotion of poor prognosis by CACUL1 may be associated with a tumor-promoting phenotype of macrophages. Functional prediction of CACUL1 has focused on the molecular pathways of metabolism and the pathways in cancer. It is suggested that metabolic pathways may be the mechanism by which CACUL1 exerts its function to affect macrophage polarisation and thus promote poor prognosis. Finally, immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated that CACUL1 expression is markedly higher in tumour tissues.
Conclusion: This first pan-cancer study of CACUL1 suggests a carcinogenic function in multiple tumors, and its closeness to immune cells hints at its potential application in anti-tumor immunotherapy.
Characterization of ATP hydrolysis in the Hsp70 BiP nucleotide binding domain
Authors: Hiller Sebastian , Mas Guillaume
Published: March 2024

The 70 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) family of molecular chaperones is crucial for protein biogenesis and homeostasis in all kingdoms of life. Hsp70 activity is driven by ATP hydrolysis in the nucleotide binding domain (NBD). Here, we report an experimental setup to resolve the functional cycle of Hsp70 in unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. The method combines high-resolution NMR spectroscopy with embedded kinetic measurements to simultaneously resolve kinetic rates and structural information of the individual states of an Hsp70 functional cycle. We benchmark the method on the example of the NBD of the human Hsp70 chaperone BiP. Precision measurements connect the ATP hydrolysis rate (kcat) and the ADP lifetime (koff) to conventional bulk experiments and thus reveal that ADP-Pi release and not ATP hydrolysis is the limiting step of the cycle. Unlike commonly thought, the phosphate generated from ATP hydrolysis locks the ADP-Pi into the NBD, and thus decouples the ADP release rate from the effect of external factors such as the bulk phosphate and calcium concentration. The method will serve as a platform for studies of the Hsp70 protein family and their co-chaperones, including full-length constructs that have key roles in biogenesis and disease.
A Comparative Study of PCA and LDA for Dimensionality Reduction in a 4-Way Classification Framework
Authors: Mabrouk Besma , Jazzar Nessrine , Sallemi Lamia , Hamida Ahmed Ben
Published: March 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), recognized as the secondmost impactful neurological disorder and currently incurable, stands as the leading cause of dementia. An imperative research focus is efficiently diagnosing the stages of patients, distinguishing early or late Mild Cognitive Impairment and AD from those with normal cognitive function. Advancements in anatomical and diffusion-weighted imaging, coupled with machine learning techniques, have significantly progressed in this predictive domain. However, in real-world trials, datasets often contain numerous features, and the curse of dimensionality can introduce challenges such as increased computational complexity, overfitting, and diminished model interpretability. To address these issues, the present study explores the efficacy of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) as dimensionality reduction techniques. LDA, a supervised technique emphasizing class separability, surpasses PCA, particularly in selecting features that significantly contribute to discriminating between classes. The 3D-LDA features obtained were subsequently assessed across various machine learning algorithms, leading to the establishment of a 4-way classification framework that utilized the K-Nearest Neighbors model. The outcome of this evaluation yielded an impressive accuracy rate of 87% in predicting the four different classes.
CORRELATION OF SERUM LACTATE LEVELS WITH SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH SEPSIS
Authors:   MD General Medicine PG, NRIIMS,VISAKHAPATNAM,AP., Kumar Muddada Kiran
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Sepsis is defined as a potentially fatal organ dysfunction caused by an unbalanced host response to infection. The primary objective of the study is to correlate serum lactate with the results of sepsis. The secondary objective of the study is to find associations of lactate in serum with the various etiological factors of sepsis and to correlate serum lactate with severity of sepsis. Material and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and EmergencyDepartment (ED) for sepsis in NRI institute of medical sciences. A sixty five patients of both genders were included in the study. The study period were around 18 months from March 2021 to September 2022. Clinical examination and biochemical tests for blood levels of triglycerides, HDL and fasting blood glucose levels were done.Permission from Institutional Ethical Committee(IEC) were obtained. After getting permission from the Institutional Ethical Committee(IEC), information regarding the study were explained to the patients. Written and informed consent was obtained from them. Patients newly started on antidepressant treatment will be selected psychiatric department. Results: In the present study about 69%were in the age of 25 to 50 years. About 28% were in the age of more than 50 years. Only 3% were in the age of less than 25 years.Mean age is 48.87 and standard deviation is 3.21.About 65% were males and 35% were females.About 12% of patients required ventilation. About 77% survived. The relationship between serum lactate levels and outcome is statistically significant (P=<0.05) Conclusion: The fundamental goals of sepsis and septic shock care are early detection and immediate fluid resuscitation.
Tres aspectos del crecimiento económico: educación empresarial, la mujer rural y las pymes
Authors: Anastasio-Lacayo Ramón
Published: March 2024

Además de los grandes retos globales que la humanidad enfrenta, tales como el cambio climático o los conflictos geopolíticos y bélicos, que requieren un concierto universal para su solución, las comunidades locales también lidian con sus propios desafíos en términos económicos, de salud, de educación y formación, etc. La solución de cada uno de ellos demanda un tratamiento específico que debe aplicarse ya sea con asistencia de las instituciones o sin ella. Un tópico relativamente reciente que ha cobrado mucho auge en la literatura y en la práctica educativa a todos los niveles, desde la escuela primaria hasta la universidad, es el del emprendimiento o empresarialidad. Aunque no hay un consenso universal acerca de qué enseñar, cómo y cuándo, el acuerdo es casi general en que la educación empresarial proporciona al estudiante competencias y habilidades que le pueden ser útiles en la vida personal y profesional.
Internet-of-Things-Enabled Sensor Networks: Vision Challenges and Smart Applications
Authors: Jamshed Aatif , Kumar Dwivedi Anshu , Singh Mehra Pawan , Dagur Arvind
Published: March 2024

Internet-of-Things is the future of connectivity that has turned the physical
world into smart objects. The practical feature of Internet-of-Things is to combine all
objects, rendering them dependent on a shared infrastructure, in such a manner that
humans can regulate them as well as monitor their status. Internet-of-Things is a
physical object network that is embedded with hardware, software, sensors, and
networking to allow objects to share data with the connected devices. This chapter
details the Internet of Things, vision challenges, and various intelligent applications in
sensor-enabled networks. The wide-scale application of the Internet would significantly
affect how computers and objects engage in real-life scenarios. This chapter aims to
highlight the perspective of some novel technologies and innovative implementations
for the protection, welfare, and privacy concerns due to the Internet of Things. Some
critical sensor networks, which represent the most used sensor networks in many
domains, such as Smart Applications, are included in this introduction section. A
literature study on Internet-of-Things has been conducted for different aspects, such as
infrastructure, implementation problems, etc. The authors offer several other
applications that are significant. Future research directions for Internet-of-Things have
been outlined in the study to equip novel researchers with the assessment of current
status and to build upon them with creative ideas.
Optimal Election Unequal Clustering Routing Protocol with Improved Tradeoff Function for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Ankur Bentham Science Publisher , Sharma Ajay K.
Published: March 2024

In today's technological landscape, IoT-enabled Wireless Sensor Networks
(WSNs) offer significant advantages over traditional networks, particularly when it is
used under critical applications. However, network devices are typically limited in
terms of their energy source; energy optimization has become a major concern in recent
years. As a result, energy-efficient protocols are increasingly being prioritized to
extend the network's functionality for a long period. In this chapter, we introduce a
clustering routing protocol that operates on an unequal clustering basis. The protocol
selects the best route for transmitting data to the sink based on various factors, such as
the average residual energy of path sensor nodes, the average distance between nodes,
the maximal distance nodes in the current path, and the number of hops. Our simulation
results show that the proposed Optimal Energy Unequal Clustering Routing (OEUCR)
protocol provides a significant improvement over the existing Energy Efficient Routing
Protocol (EERP). Furthermore, we propose an optimal election clustering protocol that
provides a new trade-off function based on near density factor and elect metric. Our
simulation outcomes demonstrate that this protocol increases the network's functional
duration by 6 rounds, reduces energy consumption by 0.727 J per round, and allows the
base station to receive 975 more messages. Specifically, the packets received by the
base station (BS) increased by 23%, while energy consumption decreased by 21%
when using OEUCR instead of EERP. 
IoT Based Home Security System
Authors: Manju Bentham Science Publisher , Pandey Priyanshi
Published: March 2024

 Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled intelligent systems are proliferating rapidly,
providing the capability to connect virtually any device to the Internet. Consequently,
this concept can be effectively utilized in home security applications. In this paper, we
have introduced an IoT-enabled system designed to send security alerts to users via
email upon detecting human intrusion. The system comprises a PIR sensor, Pi camera,
Raspberry Pi-3, and an Internet connection. There are two operational modes in the
proposed security system. In the first mode, movement by an intruder is detected, and
simultaneously, every time someone rings the doorbell, the Pi camera captures an
image. The system then accesses a stored database to ascertain whether the individual
is recognized. If the person is unfamiliar, the user receives an email notification,
including the captured image of the individual. On the other hand, if the person is
recognized, the system stores the captured image. In the second mode, when someone
exhibits suspicious behaviour in front of the door, the system sends an alert email to the
user, prompting them to activate the security alert system installed at the entrance. For
face detection, we employ the Haar cascade technique. Face recognition involves two
steps: feature extraction and classification. In the feature extraction phase, we compare
various algorithms, and a comparative study of these provides a methodology that
achieves 99.56% accuracy, outperforming other existing models. The developed
system leverages the IoT platform to fortify security against intruders, thereby fostering
a safe and secure environment.
The Fusion of Human-Computer Interaction and Artificial Intelligence Leads to the Emergence of Brain Computer Interaction
Authors: Kiruthiga Dev M.
Published: March 2024

A personal computer may be used, with input devices such as a keyboard,
mouse, and joystick serving as an interface between the computers and the human. The
euphemistic, physically challenged are unable to use these computer systems, therefore,
BCI technology has advanced external applications to be managed without physical
movements in order to assist these physically disabled people and address the
limitations of HCI. The technological advancement in the field of cognitive
neuroscience and brain imaging has enabled it to communicate directly with the human
brain instead of using an interface. Rather than generating signals from muscle
movements, these systems use brain activity to monitor computers or communication
devices. Researchers in the field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) look at ways
for machines to utilize as many sensory sources as possible. Furthermore, researchers
have begun to consider implicit types of data, input that is not specifically performed to
instruct a machine to perform a task. Systems can evolve dynamically based on this
data in order to assist the user with the task at hand. Here we discussed components of
Brain-Computer Interface, its characteristics and challenges. The researchers are
attempting to replace conventional classifiers with Convolutional neural networks
(CNNs) that would provide a promising advantage in classification. The EEG signals
from the brain can be linked seamlessly to mechanical systems via BCI applications,
making it a rapidly growing technology that has applications in fields such as Artificial
Intelligence and Computational Intelligence.
LMEPOP and Fuzzy Logic Based Intelligent Technique for Segmentation of Defocus Blur
Authors: Ravi R. , Kabilan R. , Pandeeswari R. Mallika , Shargunam S.
Published: March 2024

Defocus blur is extremely common in images captured using optical imaging
systems. It may be undesirable, but may also be an intentional artistic effect, thus it can
either enhance or inhibit our visual perception of the image scene. For tasks, such as
image restoration and object recognition, one might want to segment a partially blurred
image into blurred and non-blurred regions. In this project, we propose a sharpness
metric based on the the Local maximum edge position octal pattern and a robust
segmentation algorithm to separate in- and out-of-focus image regions. The proposed
sharpness metric exploits the observation that most local image patches in blurry
regions have significantly fewer certain local binary patterns compared with those in
sharp regions. Using this metric together with image matting and multiscale fuzzy
inference, this work obtained high-quality sharpness maps. Tests on hundreds of
partially blurred images were used to evaluate our blur segmentation algorithm and six
comparator methods. The results show that our algorithm achieves comparative
segmentation results with the state of the art and has high speed advantage over others.
Performance Analysis of Different Hypervisors Using Memory and Workloads in OS Virtualization
Authors: Ramya Poovizhi J. Mary , Devi R.
Published: March 2024

Virtualization is a cloud-computing technology that only needs one CPU to
work. Virtualization makes it look like many machines are working together.
Virtualization focuses mainly on efficiency and performance-related tasks because it
saves time. This paper primarily focuses on operating system virtualization. It is the
modified form of a standard operating system that allows users to operate different
applications that produce a virtual environment to perform various tasks on the same
machine by running other platforms. This virtual machine helps compare the
performance of Type1 and Type2 hypervisors based on how much work they do and
how much memory they use.
Pre-process Methods for Cardio Vascular Diseases Diagnosis Using CT (Computed Tomography) Angiography Images
Authors: Santhi Punitha T. , Piramu Preethika S.K.
Published: March 2024

The discipline of artificial intelligence (AI), which trains computers to
comprehend and analyse pictures using computer vision, is flourishing, particularly in
the medical industry. The well-known non-invasive diagnostic procedure known as
CCTA (Coronary Computerized Tomography Angiography) is used to diagnose
cardiovascular disease (CD). Pre-processing CT Angiography pictures is a crucial step
in computer vision-based medical diagnosis. Implementing image enhancement
preprocess to reduce noise or blur pixels and weak edges in a picture marks the
beginning of the research stages. Using Python and PyCharm(IDE) editor, we can build
Edge detection routines, smoothing/filtering functions, and edge sharpening functions
as a first step in the pre-processing of CCTA pictures.
Implementation of Smart Wheelchair using Ultrasonic Sensors and Labview
Authors: Janaki N. , Wisemin Lins A. , Solayappan Annamalai , Ganesh E.N.
Published: March 2024

The patient-monitoring smart wheelchair system is a mobility aid for people
with disabilities and continuously tracks the user's vital body metrics. Four
interfaces—eyeball control, gesture control, joystick control, and voice control—have
been created for wheelchair control in order to cater to various limitations. The image
of the eyeball is captured using a camera. In order to make the necessary decisions
based on the position of the eyeball, LabVIEW is used. The wheelchair movement can
also be controlled by the other three modes. Anti-collision mechanisms are
implemented using ultrasonic sensors. In the wheelchair, body temperature and heart
rate monitoring provision is made. If any parameter is outside of a safe range, this
system will notify the appropriate medical authorities and the wheelchair user's chosen
individuals. The finished product is an innovative assistive technology that would
simplify and lessen the stress in its user's life.
The use of digital content in increasing consumer awareness and interest towards electric bicycles
Authors: Fahrizal Meizi , Diah Januardi M , Herdiansyah Dedi
Published: March 2024

In efforts to promote environmentally friendly products like electric bicycles, digital marketing strategies continue to evolve to meet the informational and persuasive needs of potential consumers. This study aims to investigate the impact of digital content usage on increasing consumer awareness and interest in electric bicycles. The research method employed is a literature review, searching for related literature. The findings indicate that creative, educational, and interactive visual content plays a significant role in building brand awareness and driving consumer interest. A multi-platform strategy that utilizes social media, blogs, and email marketing has proven effective in reaching a broader target audience. Additionally, personalized content, the use of influencers, and interactive dialogue between the brand and consumers can enhance engagement and the likelihood of conversion. This research provides insights into best practices in digital marketing for sustainable products, offering strategic recommendations for electric bicycle industry players, and suggests directions for further research in digital marketing dynamics.
Multiple myeloma in a dog with biclonal gammopathy
Authors: De Bosschere H. , Platteeuw A.-S. , Cauwelier K. , Vansteenkiste J.
Published: March 2024

Multiple myeloma is an uncommon malignant neoplastic disease in humans and domestic animals associated with the excessive production of immunoglobulins by proliferated plasma cells. In this article, the findings associated with this disease in an eleven-year-old castrated beagle are described. Clinically, the dog had a reduced appetite, periodic vomiting, apathy and muscular tremors. Laboratory examinations revealed biclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, hypercalcemia, leucopenia, anemia, increased kidney and liver parameters and hyperproteinemia. Multiple myeloma was diagnosed by cytology from a fine-needle-bone-marrow aspirate. Treatment was initially successful, but relapse occurred. The dog was euthanized about ten weeks after diagnosis.