bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obesity, lifestyle behaviours and psychological effects of the COVID‐19 lockdown: A survey of patients attending a tertiary weight loss clinic
Authors: Franklin Janet , Sim Kyra A. , Swinbourne Jessica M. , Maston Gabrielle , Manson Elisia , Nelthorpe Hannah , Markovic Tania , Hocking Samantha
Published: November 2022

Lockdown measures due to coronavirus‐19 disease (COVID‐19) have impacted lifestyle factors. This study aimed to explore whether health and lifestyle behaviours changed during the 2020 COVID‐19 lockdown among patients with obesity. A specifically designed online survey and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS‐21) were administered to patients scheduled to attend a tertiary weight management service between 6 June–12 August 2020. A total of 210 participants completed the survey; mean age (SD) was 52.1 (12.5) years, 69% female and 67% Caucasian. Only 1.4% had tested positive to COVID‐19. There was a statistically significant increase in weight pre‐ and post‐COVID‐19 lockdown, with no sex differences. Most (61.3%) gained weight, 30.4% lost weight and 8.3% maintained. The majority changed their overall purchasing (88.4%) and eating behaviours (91.6%). Two‐thirds (64%) reported they did some form of exercise during the lockdown. Of those, exercise declined in 56.8% and increased in 18%. DASS‐21 scores were positively correlated to worry about COVID‐19, eating fewer core foods and eating more convenient/treat foods and negatively correlated with exercise. The results provide insights into how and why behaviour change occurs during stressful periods like the COVID‐19 pandemic. Although there was variability in individual weight trajectories, on average people with obesity gained weight and changed lifestyle behaviours during the COVID‐19 lockdown period. Strategies and support for people with obesity are required at these times.
Bleaching powders, bleaching creams and other hair lightening preparations as sources for (airborne) allergic contact dermatitis and other health effects in hairdressers: Results of an empirical study
Authors: Symanzik Cara , Koopmann Kirsten , Skudlik Christoph , John Swen M. , Uter Wolfgang
Published: November 2022

Background

Various products are available for lightening hair. There are no data on which applications are actually used in hairdressing, impeding proper estimation of actual exposure and necessary preventive measures.

Objectives

To assess information about availability, usage and formulation of lightening preparations in the German hairdressing trade.

Methods

A market survey was conducted and hairdressers were surveyed by online questionnaires.

Results

Of 783 hairdressers clicking the link, 565 hairdressers (91.2% female, mean age of 40.2 ± 11.7 years) from all German states responded (response rate: 72.2%). The questionnaire survey has shown that available hair‐lightening preparations in the German hairdressing trade are (multiple selection possible): dust‐free (88.5%) and non‐dust‐free bleaching powders (22.1%), bleaching creams (41.9%), high‐lifting hair colour creams (88.8%) and normal hair colour creams (58.4%). Five hundred eighteen (91.7%) hairdressers favour lightening hair with powder. The market survey revealed that bleaching powders and creams contain potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate and sodium persulfate or combinations of these persulfate salts.

Conclusions

Hairdressers are exposed to various hair‐lightening applications containing different chemicals. Preventive measures need to address adverse skin and respiratory effects. Implementation of targeted health education already in early career stages (i.e., apprenticeship) seems advisable and can be maintained by refresher trainings.
Long COVID? Prospects for economic scarring from the pandemic
Authors: Barrett Philip , Das Sonali , Magistretti Giacomo , Pugacheva Evgenia , Wingender Philippe
Published: November 2022

This paper examines the potential persistent effects (scarring) of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the economy and the channels through which they may occur. Our findings from a broad set of historical recessions confirm that recessions are associated with persistent output losses and that the greatest scarring has occurred following financial crises. The amount of scarring following pandemic and epidemic recessions in the sample is in between that of typical recessions and financial crises. Results on the channels show that the productivity channel is important, as all types of recessions have been followed by persistent losses to total factor productivity.
EDP‐297: A novel, farnesoid X receptor agonist—Results of a phase I study in healthy subjects
Authors: Marotta Christine , Ahmad Alaa , Luo Ed , Oosterhaven Jart , van Marle Sjoerd , Adda Nathalie
Published: November 2022

EDP‐297 is a farnesoid X receptor agonist under development for treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic (PD), food effect, and safety were evaluated in a single ascending dose (SAD) and multiple ascending dose (MAD) phase I study. Healthy subjects received single EDP‐297 doses of 20–600 μg or once daily doses of 5–90 μg for 14 days. Safety, PKs, and PDs were assessed, including fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF‐19) and 7‐α‐hydroxy‐4‐cholesten‐3‐one (C4). Among 82 subjects, EDP‐297 was generally well‐tolerated. Pruritus was observed in four subjects in the SAD phase and seven subjects in the MAD phase; four severe cases occurred at 90 μg in the MAD phase, including one that led to drug discontinuation. A grade 2 elevation in alanine aminotransferase occurred with 90 μg. Mean lipid values remained within normal range. Plasma exposures of EDP‐297 increased with SADs and MADs, with mean half‐life following multiple doses of 9–12.5 h. No food effect was observed. Mean FGF‐19 increased and C4 decreased up to 95% and 92%, respectively. EDP‐297 was generally well‐tolerated up to 60 μg MAD, with linear PKs suitable for once daily oral dosing, target engagement, and no food effect.
Evaluation of levocetirizine in beagle dog and cynomolgus monkey telemetry assays: Defining the no QTc effect profile by timepoint and concentration‐QTc analysis
Authors: Engwall Michael J. , Baublits Joel , Chandra Fiona A. , Jones Zack W. , Wahlstrom Jan , Chui Ray W. , Vargas Hugo M.
Published: November 2022

In prior clinical studies, levocetirizine (LEVO) has demonstrated no effect on ventricular repolarization (QTc intervals), therefore it is a relevant negative control to assess in nonclinical assays to define low proarrhythmic risk. LEVO was tested in beagle dog and cynomolgus monkey (nonhuman primate [NHP]) telemetry models to understand the nonclinical‐clinical translation of this negative control. One oral dose of vehicle, LEVO (10 mg/kg/species) or moxifloxacin (MOXI; 30 mg/kg/dog; 80 mg/kg/NHP) was administered to instrumented animals (N = 8/species) using a cross‐over dosing design; MOXI was the in‐study positive control. Corrected QT interval values (QTcI) were calculated using an individual animal correction factor. Blood samples were taken for drug exposure during telemetry and for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis (same animals; different day) for exposure‐response (C‐QTc) modeling. Statistical analysis of QTc‐by‐timepoint data showed that LEVO treatment was consistent with vehicle, thus no effect on ventricular repolarization was observed over 24 h in both species. PK analysis indicated that LEVO‐maximum concentration levels in dogs (range: 12,300–20,100 ng/ml) and NHPs (range: 4090–12,700 ng/ml) were ≥4‐fold higher than supratherapeutic drug levels in clinical QTc studies. Slope analysis values in dogs (0.00019 ms/ng/ml) and NHPs (0.00016 ms/ng/ml) were similar to the human C‐QTc relationship and indicated no relationship between QTc intervals and plasma levels of LEVO. MOXI treatment caused QTc interval prolongation (dog: 18 ms; NHP: 29 ms). The characterization of LEVO in these non‐rodent telemetry studies further demonstrates the value and impact of the in vivo QTc assay to define a “no QTc effect” profile and support clinical safety assessment.
Expert stakeholders' views on the potential nature and impacts of autonomous alcohol home delivery
Authors: Pettigrew Simone , Booth Leon , Farrar Victoria , Godic Branislava , Karl Charles , Brown Julie , Thompson Jason
Published: November 2022

Introduction

The emergence of autonomous vehicles (AV) heralds new methods of alcohol delivery that are likely to have substantial implications for home drinking. The aim of this study was to explore the factors that have the potential to hasten or restrict widescale increases in alcohol availability resulting from AVs.

Methods

Thirty‐six interviews were conducted with 44 stakeholders across diverse sectors. Interviewees discussed their perceptions of how AVs will evolve and the implications for alcohol access. The interview transcripts were analysed to develop a typology of factors that need to be addressed to minimise harms associated with greater home alcohol consumption due to AVs.

Results

The interviewees identified a range of demand‐side (e.g., enhanced convenience for consumers) and supply‐side (e.g., increased efficiency for providers) factors associated with AV home deliveries that could increase the prevalence and volume of home drinking. A third category of factors related to potential forms of regulation: suggested harm‐minimisation options related to appropriate enhancements of licensing restrictions and responsible service requirements and the use of various fiscal levers to introduce price barriers.

Discussion and Conclusions

The suggested strategies will require collaborative efforts across government and non‐government organisations to address the potential issues arising from the advent of AV alcohol deliveries. Technological and policy solutions will be needed to ensure responsible service of alcohol. This study provides policy makers with insights into forms of intervention that may be required to minimise the harms associated with the use of AVs in alcohol home delivery systems.
Management of Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State (HHS) in Adults: An updated guideline from the Joint British Diabetes Societies (JBDS) for Inpatient Care Group
Authors: Mustafa Omar G. , Haq Masud , Dashora Umesh , Castro Erwin , Dhatariya Ketan K. ,   the Joint British Diabetes Societies (JBDS) for Inpatient Care Group
Published: November 2022

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State (HHS) is a medical emergency associated with high mortality. It occurs less frequently than diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), affects those with pre‐existing/new type 2 diabetes mellitus and increasingly affecting children/younger adults. Mixed DKA/HHS may occur. The JBDS HHS care pathway consists of 3 themes (clinical assessment and monitoring, interventions, assessments and prevention of harm) and 5 phases of therapy (0–60 min, 1–6, 6–12, 12–24 and 24–72 h). Clinical features of HHS include marked hypovolaemia, osmolality ≥320 mOsm/kg using [(2×Na+) + glucose+urea], marked hyperglycaemia ≥30 mmol/L, without significant ketonaemia (≤3.0 mmol/L), without significant acidosis (pH >7.3) and bicarbonate ≥15 mmol/L. Aims of the therapy are to improve clinical status/replace fluid losses by 24 h, gradual decline in osmolality (3.0–8.0 mOsm/kg/h to minimise the risk of neurological complications), blood glucose 10–15 mmol/L in the first 24 h, prevent hypoglycaemia/hypokalaemia and prevent harm (VTE, osmotic demyelination, fluid overload, foot ulceration). Underlying precipitants must be identified and treated. Interventions include: (1) intravenous (IV) 0.9% sodium chloride to restore circulating volume (fluid losses 100–220 ml/kg, caution in elderly), (2) fixed rate intravenous insulin infusion (FRIII) should be commenced once osmolality stops falling with fluid replacement unless there is ketonaemia (FRIII should be commenced at the same time as IV fluids). (3) glucose infusion (5% or 10%) should be started once glucose <14 mmol/L and (4) potassium replacement according to potassium levels. HHS resolution criteria are: osmolality <300 mOsm/kg, hypovolaemia corrected (urine output ≥0.5 ml/kg/h), cognitive status returned to pre‐morbid state and blood glucose <15 mmol/L.
The political effects of trade with Japan in the 1980s
Authors: Nishioka Shuichiro , Olson Eric
Published: November 2022

The 1974 trade act substantially increased the executive branch's authority in trade negotiations through the granting of fast‐track and Section 301 authority. This paper evaluates the effect on U.S. voting behavior resulting from trade with Japan over 1976–1992 time period. To capture U.S. trade exposures to Japan, we develop the Bartik index from Autor et al. (2013) for import competition with Japan and show that local exposure to import competition had statistically significant negative impacts on Republican presidential candidates over the 1976–1984 period. Although the second Reagan administration used Section 301 to open Japan's markets and Japanese firms shifted production to the United States, job‐creation effects of exports and foreign direct investment did not have any influence on voting outcomes.
Reducing tillage intensity benefits the soil micro‐ and mesofauna in a global meta‐analysis
Authors: Betancur‐Corredor Bibiana , Lang Birgit , Russell David J.
Published: November 2022

Soil fauna drives crucial processes of energy and nutrient cycling in agricultural systems, and influences the quality of crops and pest incidence. Soil tillage is the most influential agricultural manipulation of soil structure, and has a profound influence on soil biology and its provision of ecosystem services. The objective of this study was to quantify through meta‐analyses the effects of reducing tillage intensity on density and diversity of soil micro‐ and mesofaunal communities, and how these effects vary among different pedoclimatic conditions and interact with concurrent management practices. We present the results of a global meta‐analysis of available literature data on the effects of different tillage intensities on taxonomic and functional groups of soil micro‐ and mesofauna. We collected paired observations (conventional vs. reduced forms of tillage/no‐tillage) from 133 studies across 33 countries. Our results show that reduced tillage intensity or no‐tillage increases the total density of springtails (+35%), mites (+23%), and enchytraeids (+37%) compared to more intense tillage methods. The meta‐analyses for different nematode feeding groups, life‐forms of springtails, and taxonomic mite groups showed higher densities under reduced forms of tillage compared to conventional tillage on omnivorous nematodes (+53%), epedaphic (+81%) and hemiedaphic (+84%) springtails, oribatid (+43%) and mesostigmatid (+57%) mites. Furthermore, the effects of reduced forms of tillage on soil micro‐ and mesofauna varied with depth, climate and soil texture, as well as with tillage method, tillage frequency, concurrent fertilisation, and herbicide application. Our findings suggest that reducing tillage intensity can have positive effects on the density of micro‐ and mesofaunal communities in areas subjected to long‐term intensive cultivation practices. Our results will be useful to support decision making on the management of soil faunal communities and will facilitate modelling efforts of soil biology in global agroecosystems.

HIGHLIGHTS

Global meta‐analysis to estimate the effect of reducing tillage intensity on micro‐ and mesofauna

Reduced tillage or no‐tillage has positive effects on springtail, mite and enchytraeid density

Effects vary among nematode feeding groups, springtail life forms and mite suborders

Effects vary with texture, climate and depth and depend on the tillage method and frequency
Laboratory evaluation of leguminous plants for the development and reproduction of the bean bug Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae)
Authors: Gao Yu , Chen Lei , Hu Ying‐lu , Tian Xin‐yue , Wang Yue‐ying , Wang Zi‐jie , Zhao Yi‐jin , Li Jin‐bu , Shi Shu‐sen
Published: November 2022

Riptortus pedestris is one of the most destructive pests of leguminous crops in East Asia. In this study, we assessed the effect of different leguminous plant species, including soybean, wild soybean, white kidney bean, runner bean, pea, cowpea, adzuki bean, mung bean, faba bean, and lentil vetch, on the development and reproduction of R. pedestris. We found that leguminous plant species significantly affect the developmental duration and survivability of the nymphs, adult longevity, and oviposition and fecundity in R. pedestris. The nymphs completed their development on all of these plants. The developmental duration of nymphs was the shortest (16.24 ± 0.57 days) on soybean and the longest (31.33 ± 1.76 days) on faba bean. The rates of survival of nymphs on soybean and pea were 93.2% and 93.0%, respectively. Female adults survived the longest on soybean (64.67 ± 6.64 days) and the shortest (13.27 ± 3.67 days) on white kidney bean. The fecundity on faba bean (decorticated pods) (143.0 ± 28.04 eggs) and soybean (116.63 ± 12.76 eggs) was higher than those on other plants. The age‐specific life table revealed that the population trend index values were all >1 except on wild soybean and faba bean, and the highest was on soybean (30.36), followed by pea (21.0). Soybean and pea were identified as the most suitable hosts for R. pedestris because of their shorter developmental duration, higher survivability, longevity and fecundity and greater population trend index on these hosts, while wild soybean and faba bean were relatively unsuitable host plants.
Management control practices in interorganizational initiatives: The case of a public program
Authors: Barretta Antonio Davide , Noto Guido
Published: November 2022

In the last decades, public management and accounting scholars have focused increasingly on the study of interorganizational initiatives involving multiple public organizations in the pursuit of common goals. This paper is an investigation of management control in a public interorganizational program. It adopts a “management control as a package” approach with the aims of (i) identifying the control mechanisms used in interorganizational initiatives; (ii) exploring the interdependencies between them; and (iii) understanding the contribution of organizational controls in supporting collaborative actions. To address the research objectives, this paper presents the case study of a public initiative. The empirical research combines an interventionist approach with semistructured interviews. As a result, the research highlights that management controls in public interorganizational initiatives could require a package of multiple control mechanisms interdependent; moreover, controls at the inter and intraorganizational level influence each other to guide administrations toward the achievement of common objectives. In particular, in the case analyzed, interorganizational controls seem to support public organizations in overcoming the silo logic that often characterizes public administrations’ structure.
Chytrids enhance Daphnia fitness by selectively retained chytrid‐synthesised stearidonic acid and conversion of short‐chain to long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Abonyi András , Rasconi Serena , Ptacnik Robert , Pilecky Matthias , Kainz Martin J.
Published: November 2022

Chytrid fungal parasites convert dietary energy and essential dietary molecules, such as long‐chain (LC) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), from inedible algal/cyanobacteria hosts into edible zoospores. How the improved biochemical PUFA composition of chytrid‐infected diet may extend to zooplankton, linking diet quality to consumer fitness, remains unexplored.

Here, we assessed the trophic role of chytrids in supporting dietary energy and PUFA requirements of the crustacean zooplankton Daphnia, when feeding on the filamentous cyanobacterium Planktothrix.

Only Daphnia feeding on chytrid‐infected Planktothrix reproduced successfully and had significantly higher survival and growth rates compared with Daphnia feeding on the sole Planktothrix diet. While the presence of chytrids resulted in a two‐fold increase of carbon ingested by Daphnia, carbon assimilation increased by a factor of four, clearly indicating enhanced carbon transfer efficiency with chytrid presence.

Bulk carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotopes did not indicate any treatment‐specific dietary effects on Daphnia, nor differences in trophic position among diet sources and the consumer. Compound‐specific carbon isotopes of fatty acids (δ13CFA), however, revealed that chytrids bioconverted short‐chain to LC‐PUFA, making it available for Daphnia. Chytrids synthesised the ω‐3 PUFA stearidonic acid de novo, which was selectively retained by Daphnia. Values of δ13CFA demonstrated that Daphnia also bioconverted short‐chain to LC‐PUFA.

We provide isotopic evidence that chytrids improved the dietary provision of LC‐PUFA for Daphnia and enhanced their fitness. We argue for the existence of a positive feedback loop between enhanced Daphnia growth and herbivory in response to chytrid‐mediated improved diet quality. Chytrids upgrade carbon from the primary producer and facilitate energy and PUFA transfer to primary consumers, potentially also benefitting upper trophic levels of pelagic food webs.
Plants dispersed by a non‐frugivorous migrant change throughout the annual cycle
Authors: Urgyán Renáta , Lukács Balázs A. , Fekete Réka , Molnár V. Attila , Nagy András , Vincze Orsolya , Green Andy J. , Lovas‐Kiss Ádám
Published: November 2022

Aim

Migratory waterfowl are important endozoochory vectors for a range of plants lacking fleshy fruits. Our aim was to study the critical question of how endozoochory rates change throughout the annual cycle, and how this relates to plant life‐form and phenology.

Location

Lake Velence, Hungary.

Time period

2017–2018.

Major taxa studied

Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Angiospermae, Charophyta.

Methods

We studied waterfowl endozoochory, quantifying seeds and other diaspores dispersed by mallards by collecting faecal samples monthly (ntotal = 670) at a Hungarian lake. We tested the germinability of all seeds recovered from the faecal samples.

Main conclusions

We extracted 5,760 seeds representing 35 plant taxa from mallard faecal samples, and 40% of these seeds germinated successfully following gut passage. We found major differences between seasons in the species composition of the seeds recovered. The peak in species diversity and in abundance of terrestrial seeds coincided with the spring migration of mallards. Importantly, endozoochory was only strongly synchronized with seed production in submerged, but not in emergent or terrestrial plants, illustrating the potential for endozoochory of seeds ingested from the soil seed bank. Overall, our results suggest that endozoochory by migratory waterfowl is a strong and underestimated driver of plant distributions, and is likely to facilitate plant range shifts under climate change, and after introduction of alien species.
New fathers, ideal workers? New players in the field of father‐friendly work organizations
Authors: Balan Claudia , van den Brink Marieke , Benschop Yvonne
Published: November 2022

This article explores novel forms of proactive support for fathers in organizations and analyzes how newly instituted organizational promoters of father‐friendliness in Germany (organizational consultants, fathers' representatives, and fathers' networks) legitimize and strengthen organizational acceptance of fathers' use of family‐friendly workplace arrangements. Bringing together the notions of organizational masculinity, the ideal worker norm, and postfeminism, the paper focuses on caring formations of postfeminist masculinity at work and how they contribute to gender change in organizations. The analysis shows that organizational promoters construct father‐friendliness in three ways (I) by constructing a new, “caring” organizational masculinity, (II) by creating organizational value for care‐related practices, (III) by framing father‐friendliness as a prerequisite for gender equality. Our theoretical argument is that configurations of positive masculinities are possible within a postfeminist culture, and they produce incremental yet limited gender change through a reshaped organizational masculinity and a reframed “ideal worker” within organizations. The study of a rather unique group of change agents in organizations shows how additional offerings for fathers might contribute to changing gendered assumptions about care in organizations.
Patient views on asthma diagnosis and how a clinical decision support system could help: A qualitative study
Authors: Canny Anne , Donaghy Eddie , Murray Victoria , Campbell Leo , Stonham Carol , Bush Andrew , McKinstry Brian , Milne Heather , Pinnock Hilary , Daines Luke
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Making a diagnosis of asthma can be challenging for clinicians and patients. A clinical decision support system (CDSS) for use in primary care including a patient‐facing mode, could change how information is shared between patients and healthcare professionals and improve the diagnostic process.

Methods

Participants diagnosed with asthma within the last 5 years were recruited from general practices across four UK regions. In‐depth interviews were used to explore patient experiences relating to their asthma diagnosis and to understand how a CDSS could be used to improve the diagnostic process for patients. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a thematic approach.

Results

Seventeen participants (12 female) undertook interviews, including 14 individuals and 3 parents of children with asthma. Being diagnosed with asthma was generally considered an uncertain process. Participants felt a lack of consultation time and poor communication affected their understanding of asthma and what to expect. Had the nature of asthma and the steps required to make a diagnosis been explained more clearly, patients felt their understanding and engagement in asthma self‐management could have been improved. Participants considered that a CDSS could provide resources to support the diagnostic process, prompt dialogue, aid understanding and support shared decision‐making.

Conclusion

Undergoing an asthma diagnosis was uncertain for patients if their ideas and concerns were not addressed by clinicians and were influenced by a lack of consultation time and limitations in communication. An asthma diagnosis CDSS could provide structure and an interface to prompt dialogue, provide visuals about asthma to aid understanding and encourage patient involvement.

Patient and Public Contribution

Prespecified semistructured interview topic guides (young person and adult versions) were developed by the research team and piloted with members of the Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) group. Findings were regularly discussed within the research group and with PPI colleagues to aid the interpretation of data.
Oxidation resistance and thermal cycling properties of the SiCnws–SiC coating on the C/SiC composites
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhang Fan , Hao Jianjie , He Ping , Shi Wei , Tan Yi , Li Jiayan
Published: November 2022

SiC coatings reinforced with SiC nanowires were prepared on carbon/silicon carbide (C/SiC) composites through chemical vapor reaction route and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The SiC nanowires were introduced to mainly improve the interface bonding properties of the coating and C/SiC composites. The microstructure, phase composition, thermal cycling, and bonding strength of the SiCnws–SiC coating were investigated. After nine thermal cycles, the weight loss of the SiCnws–SiC‐coated C/SiC composites was only 4.6 wt.%. Tensile test results show that the tensile strength of the SiCnws–SiC‐coated C/SiC composites was more than 4.5–4.6 MPa. The introduction of SiC nanowires effectively improved interface bonding strength, thus enhancing the thermal cycling and mechanical properties of the coating.
Because it is brand new! Recency heuristic for product innovativeness evaluation
Authors: Min Bora
Published: November 2022

This research identifies recency heuristic utilized by consumers with limited prior knowledge for product innovativeness evaluation. Consumers with limited prior knowledge of a product category perceived a new product as more innovative when its release date was more recent, while consumers with prior knowledge remained uninfluenced by recency information (Study 1). The effect was replicated at the product level (Study 2). It further demonstrates two critical boundary conditions—when recency was either irrelevant information or a rationally legitimate evaluative tool, recency heuristic was inapplicable (Study 3). The present research draws attention to the role of recency in conceptualizing product innovativeness and further elaborates the understanding of how the construct of innovativeness is represented in consumers' minds by focusing on the conceptual relationship of novelty and recency. It also contributes to the heuristic literature by proposing recency as an evaluative heuristic tool for innovativeness assessment. Results provide managers with practical insight into whether to highlight or downplay product release date information depending on their target audience and the level of product innovativeness.
Empowering health care consumers in the era of Internet of Things
Authors: François Julien , Audrain‐Pontevia Anne‐Françoise , Menvielle Loick , Chevalier Nicolas
Published: November 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) is emerging as a significant development in information technology that aims to link the digital world with the real world to improve human life. IoT refers to digital tools collecting data and providing hyper‐personalized information to its users. With the rapid integration of the IoT in the healthcare sector (HIoT), it has been presumed that HIoT devices have an empowering effect on patients; however, this has yet to be investigated. Furthermore, the literature reveals a lack of consistency regarding the definition of patient empowerment. This study aims to fill these gaps and investigates whether HIoT systems increase user empowerment for individuals suffering from chronic illnesses. It also examines how empowerment is defined for HIoT users. To answer these two research questions, we conducted a qualitative research study consisting of 20 semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews carried out with individuals suffering from Type 1 diabetes (T1D). The interviews were transcribed and content analysis was conducted on the data. The study enabled us to examine whether and how the HIoT triggered empowerment for patients suffering from T1D. Findings reveal four main dimensions of empowerment for HIoT users: (1) self‐efficacy, (2) patient control, (3) knowledge development and (4) participation in the decision‐making process along with the doctor. Results also highlight that participants feel empowered by personal acceptance of living with their health condition and social support. In addition, the analysis led to the identification of the barriers which need to be overcome to ensure that HloT systems improve patient empowerment.
Non‐destructive prediction of total soluble solids and titratable acidity in Kyoho grape using hyperspectral imaging and deep learning algorithm
Authors: Xu Min , Sun Jun , Cheng Jiehong , Yao Kunshan , Wu Xiaohong , Zhou Xin
Published: November 2022

Total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA) are essential quality properties for postharvest commercialisation of grapes. This study aimed to estimate the TSS and TA in grapes using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technique in the range of 400–1001 nm. A deep learning‐based stacked auto‐encoders (SAE) algorithm was developed to extract deep spectral features from pixel‐level spectra. Then, these features with a compensation factor (i.e. size of fruits) were fed into partial least squares (PLS) and least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) for predicting TSS and TA in grapes. Additionally, competitive adaptive reweighed sampling and successive projections algorithm as conventional wavelength selection approaches were also investigated for comparison. The optimal prediction accuracy was achieved by the SAE‐LSSVM model with size compensation, where , RMSEP = 0.5041% and for TSS; , RMSEP = 0.1091 g L−1 and for TA. The results suggested that SAE has great potential for extracting features from pixel‐level hyperspectral image data; the well‐performed deep learning model SAE‐LSSVM with size compensation can be used for rapid and non‐destructive predicting TSS and TA in grapes, which may provide a valuable reference for internal quality evaluation of postharvest fruits via HSI technique.
La législation du travail et son influence sur la segmentation du marché du travail en Amérique latine
Authors: BENSUSÁN AREOUS Graciela
Published: November 2022

Les auteurs analysent l'effet de la segmentation juridique sur le marché du travail dans cinq pays d'Amérique latine – Argentine, Brésil, Chili, Mexique et Uruguay – en reprenant la typologie du droit du travail de Dingeldey et al. (2021). Trois mécanismes interviennent: l'exclusion (aux dépens des indépendants), les traitements préférentiels et le défaut d'application (soit l'informalité, encouragée par un contrôle défaillant et un contexte productif défavorable). Tous contribuent aux inégalités et à la précarité. L'analyse fait aussi apparaître des variations dans l'intensité et la nature de la protection de l'emploi typique et atypique, ainsi que certains mécanismes compensatoires ou destinés à remédier aux inégalités de traitement.
La segmentation juridique en Chine, en Inde, en Malaisie et au Viet Nam
Authors: COONEY Sean
Published: November 2022

L'auteur analyse les phénomènes d'exclusion et de hiérarchisation en matière de protection des travailleurs dans quatre pays d'Asie (Chine, Inde, Malaisie et Viet Nam), en reprenant l'approche de la segmentation juridique de Dingeldey et al. (2021), mais dans une perspective qualitative. Plusieurs facteurs distinguent ces pays de ceux du monde du Nord et expliquent les spécificités de leurs marchés du travail: le nombre relativement important des travailleurs exclus du champ d'application de la législation du travail; la terminologie juridique, difficilement transposable, et le contexte historique (le passé colonial contribuant à expliquer l'écart entre le cadre légal et la réalité du travail).
Diabetes and hyperglycaemia among hospitalised patients with COVID‐19 in Western Sydney: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Cheung N. Wah , Gilroy Nicky , Hor Amanda , Jose Suja , Kairaitis Kristina , Nayyar Vineet , O'Sullivan Matthew V. N. , Wheatley John , Chipps David R.
Published: November 2022

Background

Diabetes has been recognised as a major risk factor for COVID‐19 mortality and hospital complications in earlier studies.

Aims

To examine the characteristics of hospitalised COVID‐19 patients with diabetes and the impact of diabetes and hyperglycaemia on hospital outcomes.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study. Admission glucose levels, HbA1c, diabetes status and hospital outcomes were determined for subjects admitted from June to November 2021 by matching a pathology data set, a clinical data set and the hospital administrative database. The outcomes of interest were death, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and length of stay (LOS).

Results

There were 1515 individuals admitted with COVID‐19 with 49 deaths (3.2%) and 205 (13.5%) ICU admissions. The median length of hospital stay was 3.7 days. Three hundred and ten patients (20%) had diabetes, with 46 (15%) newly diagnosed. Patients with diabetes had a higher mortality than patients who did not have diabetes (8% vs 2%, P < 0.001), were more likely to be admitted to ICU (20% vs 12%, P = 0.001) and have longer median LOS stay (6.6 (interquartile range (IQR) 2.9–12.5) vs 2.9 (IQR 0.5–7.1) days, P < 0.001). In multivariate models, neither diabetes nor admission glucose predicted death. Admission glucose level but not diabetes was an independent predictor of ICU admission and LOS.

Conclusions

There is a high prevalence of diabetes among patients hospitalised with COVID‐19, with worse outcomes. In contrast to previous studies, the association of diabetes with mortality was not significant when adjusted for other variables. This is possibly related to the benefits of vaccination and current medical and ICU interventions.
Distinct contributions of the innate immune receptors TLR2 and RP105 to formation and architecture of structured lung granulomas in mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Donovan Meg L. , Bielefeldt‐Ohmann Helle , Rollo Rachel F. , McPherson Stephen J. , Schultz Thomas E. , Mori Giorgia , Kling Jessica C. , Blumenthal Antje
Published: November 2022

Granulomas are key histopathological features of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, with complex roles in pathogen control and dissemination. Thus, understanding drivers and regulators of granuloma formation is important for improving tuberculosis diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Yet, molecular mechanisms underpinning granuloma formation and dynamics remain poorly understood. Here we used low‐dose Mtb infection of C57BL/6 mice, which elicits structured lung granulomas composed of central macrophage clusters encased by a lymphocyte mantle, alongside the disorganized lymphocyte and macrophage clusters commonly observed in Mtb‐infected mice. Using gene‐deficient mice, we observed that Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 2 and the TLR‐related Radioprotective 105 kDa protein (RP105) contributed to the extent and spatial positioning of pathology in infected lung tissues, consistent with functional cooperation between TLR2 and RP105 in the innate immune recognition of Mtb. In mice infected with the highly virulent Mtb clinical isolate HN878, TLR2, but not RP105, positively regulated the extent of central macrophage regions within structured granulomas. Moreover, RP105, but not TLR2, promoted the formation of structured lung granulomas, suggesting that the functions of RP105 as an innate immune sensor for Mtb reach beyond its roles as TLR2 co‐receptor. TLR2 and RP105 contributions to lung pathology are governed by Mtb biology, as neither receptor affected the frequency or architecture of structured granulomas in mice infected with the reference strain Mtb H37Rv. Thus, by revealing distinctive as well as cooperative functions of TLR2 and RP105 in lung pathology, our data identify TLRs as molecular determinants of TB granuloma formation and architecture, and expand understanding of how interactions between innate immune receptors and Mtb shape TB disease manifestation.
Kidney diseases
Authors: Daina Erica , Cortinovis Monica , Remuzzi Giuseppe
Published: November 2022

Dysregulation and accelerated activation of the alternative pathway (AP) of complement is known to cause or accentuate several pathologic conditions in which kidney injury leads to the appearance of hematuria and proteinuria and ultimately to the development of chronic renal failure. Multiple genetic and acquired defects involving plasma‐ and membrane‐associated proteins are probably necessary to impair the protection of host tissues and to confer a significant predisposition to AP‐mediated kidney diseases. This review aims to explore how our current understanding will make it possible to identify the mechanisms that underlie AP‐mediated kidney diseases and to discuss the available clinical evidence that supports complement‐directed therapies. Although the value of limiting uncontrolled complement activation has long been recognized, incorporating complement‐targeted treatments into clinical use has proved challenging. Availability of anti‐complement therapy has dramatically transformed the outcome of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, one of the most severe kidney diseases. Innovative drugs that directly counteract AP dysregulation have also opened new perspectives for the management of other kidney diseases in which complement activation is involved. However, gained experience indicates that the choice of drug should be tailored to each patient's characteristics, including clinical, histologic, genetic, and biochemical parameters. Successfully treating patients requires further research in the field and close collaboration between clinicians and researchers who have special expertise in the complement system.
The susceptibility of the kidney to alternative pathway activation—A hypothesis
Authors: Thurman Joshua M. , Harrison Richard A.
Published: November 2022

The glomerulus is often the prime target of dysregulated alternative pathway (AP) activation. In particular, AP activation is the key driver of two severe kidney diseases: atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and C3 glomerulopathy. Both conditions are associated with a variety of predisposing molecular defects in AP regulation, such as genetic variants in complement regulators, autoantibodies targeting AP proteins, or autoantibodies that stabilize the AP convertases (C3‐ and C5‐activating enzymes). It is noteworthy that these are systemic AP defects, yet in both diseases pathologic complement activation primarily affects the kidneys. In particular, AP activation is often limited to the glomerular capillaries. This tropism of AP‐mediated inflammation for the glomerulus points to a unique interaction between AP proteins in plasma and this particular anatomic structure. In this review, we discuss the pre‐clinical and clinical data linking the molecular causes of aberrant control of the AP with activation in the glomerulus, and the possible causes of this tropism. Based on these data, we propose a model for why the kidney is so uniquely and frequently targeted in patients with AP defects. Finally, we discuss possible strategies for preventing pathologic AP activation in the kidney.
The perceptions of mental health clinicians integrating exercise as an adjunct to routine treatment of depression and anxiety
Authors: Garvey Loretta , Benson Amanda Clare , Benger Debra , Short Tamsin , Banyard Harry , Edward Karen‐Leigh
Published: November 2022

Individuals with depressive symptoms often experience changes in physical activity and lifestyle factors. Despite the benefits of exercise, mental health clinicians often do not refer for or prescribe exercise as part of traditionally accepted models of care for consumers with depression and anxiety. The aims were to investigate: (i) mental health clinicians’ understanding of the relationship between exercise and mental health, (ii) if and how exercise is used by mental health clinicians in treatment for depression and anxiety, and (iii) the barriers to prescription of exercise. A descriptive qualitative method was used, and data were collected via individual semi‐structured interviews. Ten mental health clinicians with varying backgrounds participated in this study. The data driven inductive analysis of participants views identified three themes: (i) knowing and not knowing, (ii) consumer comorbidities – the risk and benefit dilemma, and (iii) protecting vulnerable consumers. Enhancing clinicians' knowledge of the beneficial role of exercise in treatment for consumers’ experiencing depression and anxiety is an important step. Mental health services can support integration of exercise by implementing policies and training for staff to support exercise prescription, and the role and referral of exercise and physical activity specialists, as part of routine care to improve clinical outcomes for consumers. Additional considerations should be given to fiscal support to access exercise as an adjunct therapy.
The experience of nurses moving into forensic mental health employment: A qualitative study
Authors: Kinghorn Grant , Froggatt Terry , Thomas Stuart , Halcomb Elizabeth
Published: November 2022

While forensic mental health has seen considerable growth over the last two decades, little is known about the experience of registered nurses working in these environments. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach and interviewed 11 registered nurses to explore the interpersonal experiences of transition into a forensic mental health hospital. The data revealed three themes. ‘Observing what's safe’ examined nurses' ability to maintain safety in the context of inconsistent practices among colleagues. ‘Navigating cliques and divisions’ focused on nurses' sense of belonging and adapting to professional and personal groups. Finally, ‘gaining management support’ reflected nurses' experiences of engagement with management. This study provides new insight into nurses' experience of adapting to employment in forensic mental health settings and highlights the importance of positive support strategies for workplace transition.
Respiratory syncytial virus disease burden in adults aged 60 years and older in high‐income countries: A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Savic Miloje , Penders Yolanda , Shi Ting , Branche Angela , Pirçon Jean‐Yves
Published: November 2022

Background

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)‐associated acute respiratory infection (ARI) is an underrecognized cause of illness in older adults. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis to estimate the RSV disease burden in adults ≥60 years in high‐income countries.

Methods

Data on RSV‐ARI and hospitalization attack rates and in‐hospital case fatality rates (hCFR) in adults ≥60 years from the United States, Canada, European countries, Japan, and South Korea were collected based on a systematic literature search (January 1, 2000–November 3, 2021) or via other methods (citation search, unpublished studies cited by a previous meta‐analysis, gray literature, and an RSV‐specific abstract booklet). A random effects meta‐analysis was performed on estimates from the included studies.

Results

Twenty‐one studies were included in the meta‐analysis. The pooled estimates were 1.62% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.84–3.08) for RSV‐ARI attack rate, 0.15% (95% CI: 0.09–0.22) for hospitalization attack rate, and 7.13% (95% CI: 5.40–9.36) for hCFR. In 2019, this would translate into approximately 5.2 million cases, 470,000 hospitalizations, and 33,000 in‐hospital deaths in ≥60‐year‐old adults in high‐income countries.

Conclusions

RSV disease burden in adults aged ≥60 years in high‐income countries is higher than previously estimated, highlighting the need for RSV prophylaxis in this age group.
Seasonal respiratory virus circulation was diminished during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Heiskanen Aliisa , Galipeau Yannick , Little Julian , Mortimer Leanne , Ramotar Karamchand , Langlois Marc‐André , Cooper Curtis L.
Published: November 2022

Background

Measures introduced during the COVID‐19 pandemic intended to address the spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 may also influence the incidence of other common seasonal respiratory viruses (SRV). This evaluation reports laboratory‐confirmed cases of common SRV in a well‐defined region of central Canada to address this issue.

Methods

Surveillance data for common non‐SARS‐CoV‐2 SRV in Ottawa, Canada, was provided by the Eastern Ontario Regional Laboratory Association (EORLA) reference virology lab. Weekly reports of the number of positive tests and the proportion that yielded positive results were analyzed from August 26, 2018, to January 2, 2022.

Results

A drastic reduction in influenza and other common SRV was observed during the 2020–2021 influenza season in the Ottawa region. Influenza was virtually undetected post‐SARS‐CoV‐2 emergence. Rhinoviruses and enteroviruses were the only viruses that remained relatively unaffected during this period.

Conclusions

We speculated that the introduction of nonpharmaceutical measures including masking to prevent SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission contributed to the near absence of SRV in the Ottawa region. These measures should remain a key component in addressing spikes in SRV activity and future pandemics.