bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the potential of heat priming in improving heat stress tolerance at anthesis stage in wheat (Triticum aestivum. L)
Authors: ASHIQ I.MAHAMED , BARTHAKUR SHARMISTHA , GOWTHAM T. P.
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the effect of seed priming with heat and further exposure of the plants to heat stress at anthesis on plant physiology and yield-related traits in RAJ3765 (RAJ) and HD2967 (HD), two diverse wheat varieties. Heat stress induced a significant reduction in chlorophyll content, chlorophyll content index (CCI), and membrane stability index (MSI), which were partially alleviated by heat priming. Heat-priming enhanced the root development, with significant increase in root length, surface area, volume, fresh weight, and dry weight as compared to non-primed ones. Further more, heat-primed plants exhibited a notable improvement in flag leaf length and flag leaf width. While both RAJ and HD varieties with heat priming tended to exhibit less reduction in spike length compared to non-primed ones, the effects on spikelets per spike and grains per spike varied. Overall, heat priming positively impacted flag leaf development and spikelet formation under heat stress, with variable effects on grain yield across varieties. These findings underscore the potential of heat priming as a strategy to enhance stress tolerance and improve yield stability in wheat cultivation under heat stress conditions.
Incidence, transmission, host range and population dynamics of aphids transmitting bean common mosaic virus of cowpea
Authors: HARSHITHA C. , PREMA G. U.
Published: August 2024

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Wilczek] is an important pulse crop which belongs to family Fabaceae. Bean Common Mosaic is a major viral disease in cowpea resulting in significant yield losses to a tune of 70 per cent. The results showed that disease was widespread in all the surveyed areas, with the highest average per cent disease incidence being observed in Bagalkote (29.82%) followed by Vijayapur (27.41%), Dharwad (25.47%) and Belagavi district (18.89%). The disease incidence varied from 3.25 per cent to 69.56 per cent among the villages and from 12.94 per cent to 44.80 per cent among the taluks. The host range and transmission studies revealed that BCMV infecting cowpea is readily transmissible by sap, aphids and through seeds. The mechanical transmission was 71.43 per cent, aphid transmission was found to an extent of 54.42 per cent and the seed transmission of BCMV infecting cowpea was 64.00 per cent. The population of aphid (Aphis craccivora) was maximum during the 38th and 39th Standard Meteorological Weeks (SMWs) with the mean value of 92.70 and 81.20, respectively. The aphid population varied at different crop stages. Aphid population build up showed a strong significant negative correlation with rainfall. There was a significant negative correlation with minimum temperature and morning RH.
Status of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) and its natural enemies at major maize growing areas of Haveri district
Authors: DARSHAN R. , PRASANNA P. M.
Published: August 2024

Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) belongs to the family Noctuidae which has got economic importance as polyphagous and extreme pest of many important crops, including maize in India and elsewhere.In this context, roving survey was conducted on two cropping seasons at fortnightly interval during kharif and rabi of 2019-20 to know the status of fall armyworm in all the seven talukas of Haveri district viz., Hirekerur, Ranebennur, Byadagi, Haveri, Shiggaon, Savanur and Hangal. The results revealed that the mean larval population and per cent infestation of fall armyworm was ranged from 0.30 to 0.44 larvae per plant and 23.10 to 33.77 per cent, respectively in different talukas surveyed. In overall view Haveri district registered the mean larval population and per cent infestation of 0.37 larvae per plant and 28.99 per cent, respectively, in kharif and rabi. During the study period, it was observed for two different species of parasitoids viz., Campoletis chlorideae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Exorist axanthaspis (Diptera:Tachinidae) were parasitizing FAW larvae. Along with parasitoids, one entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium rileyi was known to infect the larvae which was collected during the survey period.
Growth rate of pineapple production in India
Authors: HANUMANTHAPPA R. , TEGGI M. Y.
Published: August 2024

Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is one of the most important tropical and subtropical fruit of Bromeliaceae family, cultivated almost one third part of the world. Pineapple takes almost 16 -22 months to mature for harvesting. The main objective of this paper is to analyzed the growth rate in area, production and productivity of pineapple in India as well as Karnataka. The time series data from 2002-03 to 2021-22 for the study. The results revealed that the area (1.94%), production (2.56%) and productivity (0.64%) showed that positive and significant at one per cent level of probability in India. In Karnataka, the growth rate of productivity (0.99%) showed that positive and significant at five per cent level of productivity due to area expansion. For area (0.14%) and production (1.04%) showed positive and non-significant. Whereas, Cuddy Della Valle index (CDVI) for area, production and productivity were 6.79, 7.66 and 3.76, respectively in India. In Karnataka, the Cuddy Della Valle index (CDVI) for area, production and productivity were 10.55, 22.37 and 8.78. The slight variation in productivityof pineapple in India are mainly because inadequate farm management techniques i.e., less use of chemical fertilizer, pesticides, improper suckers, inadequate knowledge and insufficient use of other input, which are the result of less production and productivity.
Influence of genetic and environmental factors on incidence of bolting in short day onions
Authors: MADALAGERI B. B. , NOOJIBAIL PRAVEEN , SHIVAKUMAR G. , KARTHIK G. U.
Published: August 2024

Bolting is the premature flowering malady in bulb crop of onion cultivation. It has detrimental effects on bulb quality and market value. This research aimed to investigate the relationship between genetic predisposition and environmental conditions in relation to bolting in different onion genotypes and hybrids. Findings revealed that, the divergent patterns between the regions of Bengaluru and Bagalkot indicate that weather differences in geographical locations play a significant role in influencing the bolting tendencies of onions. The rabi season exhibited the highest bolting rate (15.09%), surpassing the kharif (0.21%) and summer (1.53%) seasons, emphasizing the role of seasonality in triggering bolting. Interestingly, even under identical environmental conditions, yellow onions demonstrated higher bolting percentage compared to red and white onions, suggesting the presence of genetic variation. This variation could be attributed to disparities in the presence and expression levels of the bolting genes. Collectively, these results highlight the combined influence of genetic and environmental factors, as well as their interactions on onion bolting tendencies.
A study on the perception of farmers about biopesticides in Karnataka
Authors: CHAITRA G. B. , HARISH D. K.
Published: August 2024

Biopesticides are becoming more popular as a safe and chemical-free alternative to chemical pesticides. This shift is important in ensuring the quality of agricultural products and promoting environmental sustainability. The study analyzed farmers’ perceptions of biopesticides in the Sirsi district of Karnataka. The study collected primary data through a well-structured questionnaire from 120 farmers in 3 talukas of the district. The study found that farmers had a strong understanding of the availability, prices, benefits, and application doses of biopesticides. They gained their knowledge through company sales representatives, progressive farmers, practical demonstrations, and social media. However, traditional media channels such as television, newspapers, and radio had limited impact in disseminating information about biopesticides. The farmers’ decision-making process while purchasing biopesticides was significantly influenced by factors such as effectiveness in pest control, past experiences, pricing considerations, and the opinions of fellow farmers. Despite this awareness, the study identified challenges such as delayed product effects, sub-optimal performance, high prices, and the unavailability of preferred brands.
Influence of bamboo - soybean agroforestry system on soil chemical characteristics in northern transitional zone of Karnataka
Authors: SOMAN DIVYA , CHAVAN RAJU L.
Published: August 2024

A prospective avenue for sustainable land management in India involves the utilization of a bamboo-centered agroforestry system. A scientific research was conducted during the kharif season of 2022 at the Main Agricultural Research Station in Dharwad to investigate the soil chemical characteristics within an agroforestry framework centered around bamboo and soybean. The composite samples were analyzed for several chemical attributes including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic carbon (SOC), available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium. The experiment featured five distinct treatments denoted as T1 (Bambusa balcooa + Soybean), T2 (Dendrocalamus stocksii + Soybean), T3 (Dendrocalamus asper + Soybean), T4 (Bambusa vulgaris + Soybean), and T5 (Sole soybean). Notably, the soil pH exhibited a decline under the bamboo-based agroforestry system when compared to the exclusive soybean cultivation. However, there was no statistically significant variance observed in soil electrical conductivity (EC) between the control and the agroforestry systems. Moreover, the levels of soil organic carbon (SOC), available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) were notably higher in the bamboo-centric agroforestry system compared to the sole soybean cropping. Consequently, the sustained adoption of a bamboo-focused agroforestry system has the potential to enhance soil chemical attributes and enrich nutrient status over the long term.
Training need assessment of women members in selected farmer producer organizations (FPOs) of Karnataka
Authors: JHANSI BOJJAGANI , KALAL ANNAPURNA N. , RAJESHWARI N. , MARADDI G. N. , CHITAGUBBI GEETA
Published: August 2024

Agriculture sector provides gainful employment and livelihood for majority of the population and contributes significantly to the national income and in India it accounts for 17.60 per cent of it’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Indian agricultural sector facing several challenges like small and fragmented land-holdings, climate change, diversification due to rapid urbanization, inadequate market and storage facilities, unorganized sector, lack of credit facilities and low knowledge on supply chain management and business plans. Hence the study was conducted in Karnataka during the year of 2022- 23. Study was carried out in three Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) from Karnataka have been selected. A total of 90 women members constitute the sample size. Data was collected through interview schedule and analyzed through mean scores and index percentage. Study concludes that, highest index score 81.11 was observed for training on skills for marketing of products at large scale and business skills and ranked I. Whereas, highest index score in personal constraint, expressed by majority of the women members was, they were unable to manage time between household work and FPO work with index score of (86.66) and it ranked I. With regard to marketing majority expressed that, price fluctuation every year and distress sale as a constraint with index score 81.11 and ranked I. Great majority (93.33) of FPO members expressed that, high initial share capital/membership charge in FPOs as a constraint and ranked I in administration. With respect to services and benefits more than half (56.66) of the respondents expressed that, non- availability of custom hiring services at FPO as a constrain and ranked I. Study results also indicated that great majority (93.33) of FPO members suggested that, they want proper guidance towards packaging, grading, branding, processing and marketing especially for value added products should be given by FPOs for better participation.
Nullipar gebelerin doğum sağlık inancı ve doğum korkusu düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi
Authors: Esenkaya Ebru , Gölbaşı Zehra
Published: August 2024

Amaç: Bu araştırmada nullipar gebelerin doğum sağlık inancı ve doğum korkusu düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı tasarımda olan bu araştırma, 306 nullipar gebe ile Ankara’da bir hastanede yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın verileri Gebe Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, Doğum Sağlık İnanç Ölçeği (DSİÖ) ve Wijma Doğum Beklentisi/Deneyimi Ölçeği-A (WDBDÖ-A) kullanılarak toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Gebelerin yaş ortalamasının 25.97 olduğu, %63.7’sinin üniversite mezunu olduğu %73.2’sinin doğum eylemine yönelik bilgi almadığı bulunmuştur. Gebelerin DSİÖ öz yeterlik ve motivasyon algısı puan ortalamasının 41.11 (SD=4.83), yarar algısı puan ortalamasının 31.05 (SD=2.66), duyarlılık algısı puan ortalamasının 12.78 (SD=3.39), önemseme/ciddiyet algısı puan ortalamasının 15.06 (SD=3.38), DSİÖ engel algısı puan ortalamasının 12.00 (SD=2.86) olduğu saptanmıştır. WDBDÖ-A toplam puan ortalamasının 39.10 (SD=19.96) olduğu saptanmıştır. WDBDÖ-A puan ortalaması ile DSİÖ öz yeterlik ve motivasyon algısı, yarar algısı ve önemseme/ciddiyet algısı puan ortalaması arasında negatif yönde; duyarlılık algısı ve engel algısı puan ortalaması arasında ise pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir (p
Radiofobia en el contexto médico: una revisión actual
Authors: Rosales Chaves Michael , Ramírez Morales Lizbeth
Published: August 2024

El artículo respresenta una revisión narrativa sobre el tema de la radiofobia en el campo médico. Se aplicó la búsqueda mediante descriptores con modelo de operadores boleano. Se incluyeron estudios en idiomas inglés, español y portugués. Se analizaron estudios de enfoque amplio principalmente cualitativos que describen el tema de la radiofobia en el contexto de la salud. Actualmente se considera la radiofobia como un miedo exacerbado a las radiaciones ionizantes. En el campo médico se manifiesta desde miedo a los procedimientos diagnósticos por radioimagen hasta procedimientos para el tratamiento de enfermedades como el cáncer. El principio que rige la seguridad del uso de la radiación en el campo médico es ALARA que significa tan bajo como sea razonable. Existe un grupo importante de autores que denuncian que este principio no se sustenta en preceptos científicos y que promueve un miedo exagerado con respecto a las dosis usadas en medicina. El principal argumento que exponen es que el impacto de la radiación no es lineal, en cambio proponen un modelo más complejo y circular con respecto al impacto de la radiación. Además, se expone la hipótesis de la hormesis, en la cual se considera que dosis bajas de radiación estimulan procesos de autorecuperación en células del cuerpo humano. La principal conclusión del estudio es que existe un debate propuesto acerca del uso de la radiación ionizante en el campo médico, sin embargo, las instituciones actuan bajo principios valores minimos aceptables que para algunos estudiosos se centra en radiofobia limitando el potencial de este recurso diagnóstico y terapéutico.
THE USE OF INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGY IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS: IMPACT ON STUDENTS' MOTIVATION, PARTICIPATION, AND UNDERSTANDING
Authors: Devi Melani
Published: August 2024

This study aims to evaluate the impact of using interactive technology in Islamic Education (PAI) at elementary schools on students' motivation, participation, and understanding. Utilizing a mixed-method research design, data were collected through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and classroom observations. The results showed a significant increase in students' learning motivation from 60% to 85%, participation from 55% to 90%, and conceptual understanding from 58% to 87% after implementing interactive technology. Teachers reported that interactive learning media facilitated material delivery and increased student engagement. However, challenges such as inadequate facilities and teachers' technical skills need to be addressed to maximize the benefits of this technology. In conclusion, interactive technology can enhance the quality of PAI learning and shape better student character with proper support from various stakeholders
TEACHER'S ROLE IN DEVELOPING CHARACTER-BASED LEARNING IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION
Authors: Ernawati
Published: August 2024

The background of this study is the importance of the teacher's role in developing character-based learning in Islamic education, which aims to form students with strong character and based on Islamic values. This study aims to identify the role of teachers in developing character-based learning and evaluate the effectiveness of practical strategies used. The research method used is a literature study, which involves collecting, analyzing and synthesizing information from various relevant written sources. The results show that teachers play a crucial role as role models, facilitators and mentors in integrating character values into learning. Practical strategies such as project-based learning and the use of technology proved effective in improving students' understanding, learning motivation and social-emotional skills. In conclusion, the active and innovative role of teachers, as well as support from schools and government, is crucial in creating a conducive learning environment for students' character development.
THE ROLE OF TEACHERS AS ROLE MODELS IN ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS
Authors: Habib Akbar Nurhakim
Published: August 2024

This study aims to explore the role of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers as role models in shaping students' character and morals in senior high schools (SMA). The research method used was a qualitative approach with a case study, involving in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. The results showed that PAI teachers who demonstrate consistency between teachings and daily behaviors can improve students' discipline, ethics, and participation in learning. The interactive and contextual teaching methods applied by teachers also contribute significantly to students' understanding and application of religious values. The novelty of this research lies in its holistic approach, considering the influence of external environments such as social media and family in the formation of student character. The research provides global benefits by offering practical strategies to improve the quality of Islamic religious education and support the role of teachers as role models in various international contexts.
PARENTS' PERCEPTION OF THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY IN LEARNING ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
Authors: Laras Agustin Fajarwati
Published: August 2024

This study aims to identify parents' perceptions of the use of digital technology in learning Islamic Religious Education (PAI). The research method used a mixed methods approach, combining quantitative questionnaires from 200 parents of students in Jakarta and qualitative interviews with 20 parents. The results showed that 85% of parents found digital technology easy to use and 78% found it effective. However, only 65% felt they received adequate technical support and 70% stated the learning content was in line with religious values. Qualitative findings showed an appreciation for interactive methods, but there were concerns about internet stability and content monitoring. The novelty of this study is the holistic approach that examines parents' perceptions by considering infrastructure, technology skills and attitudes towards digital learning. This research expands the understanding of the factors that influence the acceptance of technology in religious education. The global usefulness of this study provides insights for religious education in different countries, helping policy makers and educators develop strategies for the use of digital technology in religious education, thereby improving the overall quality of education.
EDUCATIONAL TRANSFORMATION: FROM BOARDING SCHOOL TO PESANTREN WITH BI'AH ARABIYYAH
Authors: Wiza Novia Rahmi  , Asti Nazhyfa  , Yasmadi  , Rahmawati
Published: August 2024

This research focuses on revealing the forms and management of Arabic language culture, known as "bi’ah ‘arabiyyah," at the Modern Diniyyah Islamic Boarding School (PPMD) Pasia through various boarding programs. The research methodology employed is a qualitative approach with a case study framework. The data analysis process involves four main stages: data collection, data reduction, data display, and data realization. The findings of this study uncover that an effective strategy for shaping bi’ah ‘arabiyyah at PPMD Pasia is manifested through the diversity of boarding programs. These programs encompass Arabic language days, bi-weekly muhaddatsah activities, morning mufradat sessions, and the presence of a conducive environment for reading and the Arabic Club. The varied boarding programs positively contribute to the formation of high-quality bi’ah ‘arabiyyah. Consequently, their impact is felt in the enhancement of the quality of learning activities within the classrooms. The significance of diverse boarding programs as a means of cultivating a positive bi’ah ‘arabiyyah becomes a crucial point throughout the entire research. The successful implementation of these programs creates a conducive environment for the development of Arabic language proficiency among the students. Therefore, this research provides a clear depiction of the role of boarding programs in shaping bi’ah ‘arabiyyah and fostering an optimal learning atmosphere at PPMD Pasia
LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE USE OF CHATGPT IN ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION LEARNING
Authors: Ayun Hafifatul Mukarohmah  , Koderi  , Agus Jatmiko  , Ihsan Mustofa
Published: August 2024

This study aims to determine the impact of ChatGPT on students' level of understanding in Islamic Education lessons, identify the advantages and disadvantages of using ChatGPT in learning, and provide recommendations for optimising the use of ChatGPT in Islamic Education. This research used the literature review method, by reviewing articles found on Google Scholar. The focus of this review was to assess, summarise, and communicate the findings and consequences of using ChatGPT in Islamic Education education. The results show that the use of ChatGPT can enrich the PAI learning process by enhancing two-way interaction, providing learning flexibility, and providing personalised materials according to students' needs. However, ethical challenges such as the reliability of information and potential dependence on technology remain a major concern. This research makes an important contribution by identifying the potential of ChatGPT in improving the quality of PAI learning and providing insights into how AI technology can be ethically integrated in education. The use of ChatGPT should be accompanied by appropriate supervision to ensure the accuracy and relevance of the information provided
THE SCIENTIFIC INTEGRATION OF SOCIOLOGY IN ISLAMIC STUDIES: A THEORETICAL AND APPLICATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Syihabuddin Muhammad , Manggala Kayan , Ansharah Indana Ilma , Nurkholisoh Siti
Published: August 2024

This article explores the scientific integration of sociology in Islamic studies through theoretical and applicative analysis. This research aims to understand how sociological principles can be applied in Islamic studies to enrich insights and methods in understanding religious social dynamics. Using a qualitative approach, this article analyzes various relevant sociological theories and their applications in the Islamic context, such as functional structural theory, conflict theory, and other social theories. The results show that this integration not only broadens the academic perspective but also significantly contributes to understanding and addressing social issues in Muslim societies. The article also suggests some practical strategies for applying these findings in Islamic teaching and research to generate more comprehensive and inclusive insights. The scientific integration of sociology in Islamic studies is very close because studying Islam cannot escape the social and religious phenomena that surround it. Therefore, the study of Islam or the study of Islam will be easier to understand if it is passed with various approaches, one of which is a sociological approach.
EXPLORING SCIENTIFIC TRUTH THROUGH THE LOGIC OF SCIENCE IN VARIOUS PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Manggala Kayan , Muhammad Syihabuddin  , Abdullah Kafabih  , Roibin
Published: August 2024

This research has several objectives, namely: (1) to know Science in the perspective of Islamic philosophy; (2) to know science in the perspective of the Qur'an; (3) to know science in the Western perspective. The method used to explore this uses a literature study method with qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study are three, namely (1) The characteristics of Islamic epistemology about science are belief in spiritual power, having a harmonious relationship between reason and revelation, interdependence of reason and intuition, Theocentric orientation, and associated Values Development; (2) science in the perspective of the Qur'an is illustrated in Q.S Imran : 190 and Al-Baqarah: 29; (3) Epistemology in the Western view suggests that the concept of science is based on logical principles, hypothesis generation, and verification process. There are three theories of truth, namely coherent truth theory, correspondence theory, pragmatic truth theory. In addition, there are material objects and formal objects in science. The contribution of this research describes how truth can be explained in various perspectives so that the truth becomes scientific.
EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES IN UNDERSTANDING ARABIC GRAMMAR
Authors: Rayhanur Royyan  , Nasiruddin
Published: August 2024

This research was motivated by students' difficulties and errors in learning grammar. One of the reasons for this is that the learning methods or approaches applied are not optimal. This research aims to provide an overview of grammar learning strategies or approaches so that they can be implemented optimally. This research uses a qualitative approach, with the type of research being a literature study. Data sources come from books or scientific works that are relevant to the research theme. Data was collected by looking for weighty information related to the research theme. Data analysis starts from data reduction, data presentation, then drawing conclusions. The results of this research show that there is an important approach to apply in grammar learning, namely the gradual approach. What this means is that learning grammar starts from the basic level, moves on to the intermediate level, then advanced level.
The Constitutionality of Special Mining Business Permit (IUPK) Application to Community Organisations in Indonesia
Authors: Patawari Andi
Published: August 2024

The management of natural resources, including minerals and coal, is governed by the principle that these resources are controlled by the state and used as much as possible for the prosperity of the people, the constitutionality of Article 33 Section (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (1945 Constitution). This principle places the state as the main manager responsible for fair and sustainable exploitation. A Special Mining Business Permit (IUPK) is a license that allows certain parties to manage mining in a certain area, regulated in Law Section 4 of 2009 and its derivative regulations. The decision of Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) to be involved in mining has significant economic, social, and environmental implications. Its economy can increase organizational income, create jobs, and support social programs; its social strengthens the role of the organization in positive change by promoting fair work standards; However, environmental challenges require strict standards to prevent damage. The granting of mining permits is regulated in Government Regulation (PP) No. 25 of 2024, which aims to provide financial independence for religious organizations. However, strict monitoring is needed to mitigate negative impacts such as pollution, social change, and health impacts. From a constitutional perspective, licensing must adhere to the principles of social justice, transparency, and environmental protection to ensure fair and sustainable benefits for society.
The Nature of The Role of State Attorney Prosecutors in Legal Assistance in The Civil and State Administrative Fields
Authors: Syamsu Samsiska Dien Ermika , Rahman Sufirman , Nawi Syahruddin , Hidjaz M. Kamal , . Zainuddin
Published: August 2024

This research aims to comprehensively examine the role of the State Attorney in providing legal assistance within Civil and State Administration, assess its effectiveness in resolving legal disputes, and identify key factors influencing its efficacy. Adopting a theoretical framework that integrates normative legal research and sociological legal research, the study analyzes laws governing the State Attorney's functions while evaluating how these are perceived and applied in practice. Through a descriptive approach utilizing mixed methods, including the study of legal documents, interviews with State Attorneys, and field observations, the research reveals that while the State Attorney plays a crucial role in representing the legal interests of various entities, including the state, government, BUMN/BUMD, and the community, its ability to effectively resolve legal disputes in Civil and State Administration settings is hindered by complexities in legal frameworks, limitations in human resources and infrastructure, varying levels of public legal awareness, and the prevailing legal culture. This study's findings offer practical and theoretical insights that can guide enhancements in legal assistance practices and policy development within the field.
Design and Development of an Emailing Management System: System Modeling
Authors: Bailloul Youssef , Khaldi Maha , Ouariach Soufiane , Khaldi Mohamed
Published: August 2024

Developing a software platform that effectively handles email communication is the main goal of creating an email management system. Given the growing importance of electronic communication in various fields, its relevance in today's landscape cannot be overstated. This system encompasses a variety of features designed to streamline the process of sending, monitoring, and organizing emails with the utmost efficiency. Whether it's used for marketing, customer relationship management (CRM), outreach efforts, or internal communication within companies, it offers a comprehensive set of tools to facilitate these tasks seamlessly. Building and maintaining strong customer relationships, generating leads, promoting products or services, and improving an organization's online presence all depend on the presence of a well-designed email management system. In addition, intelligent email management serves to strengthen online reputation and ensure compliance with legal privacy standards. The goal of this effort is to create, refine, and optimize a comprehensive email management system tailored to an organization's unique requirements. Goals include improving the effectiveness of email campaigns, optimizing the successful delivery of messages, complying with privacy regulations, and providing a user-friendly interface. In this work, we will focus on the modeling of the system. UML modeling language is employed to clearly illustrate both static and dynamic aspects of the system, encompassing class, use case, activity, and sequence diagrams. To enhance the tangibility of the proposed solution, we developed four user interface prototypes.
The British Council Standards as a Tool for Evaluating Iraqi EFL Teachers
Authors: Kareem Amjed Abdul Ridha , Mubarak Lihadh Abdul Ameer Kareem
Published: August 2024

Different ways to evaluate EFL teachers include the British Council Standards criteria. The contentious issue in the questions of the British Council Standards revolves around applying the three domains (Knowledge, Skills,  Values, and attitudes) of evaluation for EFL teachers and scrutinizing the British Council Standards to ascertain their suitability for evaluating EFL teachers in Iraq. Typically, evaluation can be done by considering students' achievements or from students' perspectives. Evaluation is a significant challenge due to the large student population in urban and rural schools. The population comprises Baghdad, Wasit, Dhi Qar, Misan, Ninevah, and Kirkuk. The sample is drawn from students attending nine general directorates during the academic year 2023-2024. The total number of participants in the study was 2014 male and female students. This study employs a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The statistical methods employed to assess the internal consistency of the questionnaires are specifically targeted towards students in EFL preparatory schools. The instrument's reliability is tested using Cronbach's alpha F-test, ANOVA, Two-Sample t-test, and  One-Sample t-test. The study found that Iraqi EFL preparatory schoolteachers have successfully implemented and met British Council standards. At the same time, some teachers have applied these requirements to various degrees.
Law Enforcement Against Drug Abusers Through Medical Rehabilitation and Social Rehabilitation
Authors: Hambali Azwad Rachmat , Mappaselleng Nur Fadillah , Wata Surono Haji
Published: August 2024

Drug abuse is a global threat that damages society. Although various efforts have been made, there is still a lot of confusion and misunderstanding in the community about the dangers of narcotics. Patterns of drug use have pathological features, causing physical and psychological dependence. Law enforcement against drug abuse involves medical and social rehabilitation to help individuals recover and return to functioning in society. A holistic and collaborative approach from various parties as well as the use of new disciplines and technologies are needed to effectively address this problem. NThis research uses a normative legal analysis approach that focuses on law enforcement against drug abuse. The normative approach is used by analysing the synchronisation of vertical and horizontal legal norms and related legal systematics. The implementation of medical and social rehabilitation emphasises the importance of a holistic approach in helping individuals affected by drug abuse. This approach includes medical, social, and spiritual dimensions, such as Ruqyah, Dhikr, and spiritual contemplation methods, to design a more comprehensive and effective rehabilitation strategy. Recommendations for enforcement for people who misuse drugs should promote a holistic approach that includes medical, social, and spiritual aspects, such as Ruqyah and Dhikr, to support comprehensive recovery. Law enforcement should focus on treatment and recovery rather than punishment, and be supported by communities and based on social and humanitarian understanding.
The Position of The Underlying Asset System in Musyarakah Mutanaqisah (MMq) Contract in Islamic Banking
Authors: Pratiwi Nurwanda , Hamid M. Arfin
Published: August 2024

This research aims to analyze the substance of related jurisprudence underlying asset in islamic economic law, analyzing the position of the system underlying asset in the financing agreement musharakah mutanaqisah (mmq) in the perspective of islamic economic law, and analyzing the application of the system underlying assets in the agreement musharakah mutanaqisah on sharia banking. This type of research is an empirical research type. Data is qualified as primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through interviews and secondary data was obtained through literature study. The data collected was then processed using a qualitative analysis approach. The research results show that: 1) Underlying Asset position is based on the substance of fiqh as the basis for cooperation in an MMq contract, 2) Position Underlying Asset in the Musyarakah Mutanaqisah Agreement it can be categorized as the basis for cooperation in an MMq contract. In Islamic economic law, regarding the issue of musyarakah objects or MMQ objects being used as collateral, Islam prohibits goods used as transaction objects from becoming collateral/guarantee for the implementation of a mutual agreement, when the rental object has not beentangible when the contract is made, 3) The application of collateral in sharia banking is absolutely unavoidable. Requests for guarantees by banks from recipients of financing facilities are not only intended to ensure the return of the capital borrowed, but to ensure that recipients of financing facilities actually carry out everything that has been agreed upon in the contract, including Underlying Assets as a basis in the issuance of MMq contracts.
Conservation Status of The Military Frog (Atelopus Balios) In the San Miguel Canton Naranjal Community
Authors: Gamboa Raúl Enrique Arízaga , Neira Joselyn Maylin Carranza , Zavala Leila Elizabeth Zambrano , Rosero Luis Antonio Morocho , Abad Elvis Renato Flores
Published: August 2024

The present research focused on the conservation status of Atelopus balios, a species classified in the red list in danger of extinction, the destruction of its natural habitat is the main cause not only of the mentioned species but of all the amphibian fauna existing in the locality intervening in its development and reproduction. Three priority conservation areas were monitored within the locality, all this could be carried out with Geographic Information Systems, capturing the coordinates of identification of species records, and thus be able to interpret each of the data, where more specimens were found establishing areas of interest for the conservation of the species where measures for sustainable management should be implemented.
Clarification of the distribution, conchological diversity, and taxonomic status of the Iberian snail Iberus globulosus C.R. Boettger, 1913 (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicidae)
Authors: Liétor José , Jódar Pedro A. , Sánchez Juan , Martínez Juan C. , Tudela Antonio R.
Published: August 2024

The taxonomic status of Iberus globulosus has been unsatisfactorily resolved since its original description, but in 2008 a molecular phylogenetic study of the genus Iberus suggested that it could be a valid species. However, limited information on both its geographic distribution and its conchological variability has made it difficult to properly delineate the species. Our exhaustive sampling throughout the potential area of its geographic distribution and the morphological study herein, together with pre-existing genetic evidence, allow us to confirm the validity of I. globulosus. Consequently, we improve the characterization of I. globulosus by redescribing it. Additionally, we provide information on the potential for hybridization among I. globulosus and geographically and phylogenetically close congeneric species.
Implementasi Keadilan Sosial Perspektif Amos Bagi Gen-Z
Authors: Suhartono Tony , Koptin Lene
Published: August 2024

Humans are faced with countless kinds of social problems, one of which is the problem of social justice. The practice of social injustice has been going on for centuries, including in the nation of Israel. The Bible clearly writes how the prophet Amos voiced justice and rebuked injustice committed by religious leaders and the Northern Kingdom of Israel. The principle of justice is respect for a person's life. The church as an organizer of social justice has a responsibility to embrace the entire life of the congregation, including generation Z, which currently has the largest population in Indonesia. This research aims to highlight the role of the Church as an organizer of social justice for generation Z. The research method used is a qualitative case study with an example from one of the churches in the Kelapa Gading area, North Jakarta. The research results show that the Church can uphold social justice by developing the lives of generation Z, by teaching God's Word and providing the necessary training through the Training Center. So, through the establishment of the Ensample Training Center, the Church has taken a role in implementing social justice for generation Z.
MANFAAT EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN NON TES PADA MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN BAGI PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Pane Pranada , Natalia Istriana Dewi
Published: August 2024

Sudah menjadi keharusan bagi seorang guru untuk mengetahui dan juga melakukan evaluasi  dalam pembelajaran yang dia lakukan karena hal ini merupakan salah satu kompetensi mendasar yang harus dikuasainya  sehingga  menjadi  tanggung jawabnya sebagai  pendidik.  Kompetensi ini harus sesuai dengan tupoksi guru bidang pembelajaran tersebut yaitu melakukan Penilaian pembelajaran yang meliputi  penilaian hasil belajar.  Dengan melakukan penilaian maka guru yang menjadi pengelola kegiatan pembelajaran dapat menilai keterampilan peserta didik, ketepatan metode yang digunakan, demikian juga berhasil tidaknya peserta didik mencapai keterampilan yang ditentukan.
Dalam melakukan Proses penilaian memiliki tujuan untuk  memperoleh informasi yang akurat tentang kompetensi, kualitas seseorang atau suatu objek yang dinilai, dan dalam praktiknya selalu digunakan dua pendekatan yang berbeda, yakni tes dan non tes.  Teknik non tes ini dipakai untuk melengkapi kelemahan yang terdapat pada teknik tes. Teknik non tes ini meliputi beberapa hal didalamnya yang antara lain observasi, wawancara, angket,penugasan dan beberapa metode lainnya. Evaluasi pembelajaran Nontes memberikan manfaat yang sangat menguntungkan bagi pendidik dan juga peserta didik karena didalamnya memberikan kesempatan untuk melakukan pendekatan, terjalinnya hubungan, terbangunnya komunikasi dua arah dan sekaligus mendapatkan apa yang mau dituju.
The potential cardioprotective effect of Ganoderma lucidum against 5-fluorouracil cardiotoxicity
Authors: Ali Abdulnaser A. ,   College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq, Khalaf Musab M. , Ahmad Abdulla A. ,   College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq,   College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
Published: August 2024

Background: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is one of the commonly used anti-cancer drugs. However, it ranks as the second most common drug that causes cardiotoxicity. Ganoderma lucidum (G.L.) is a mushroom used for centuries for its different therapeutic properties. The aim of the study is to investigate the potential cardioprotective effect of G.L. against 5-FU cardiotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Material and methods: Thirty male Albino rats were divided into five groups. The control group was given normal saline orally for 14 days. The second group was treated as the control for 13 days and then 100 mg/kg 5-FU was administered intraperitoneally on day 14. The third group received G.L. 100 mg/kg orally for 13 days followed by a single 100 mg/kg 5-FU intraperitoneally on day 14. The fourth group was treated with 2 mg/kg enalapril orally for 13 days followed by a single 100 mg/kg 5-FU intraperi¬toneally on day 14. The last group received G.L. 100 mg/kg orally for 14 days. On day 15 the animals were eu¬thanized, and blood was collected for biochemical analysis of cardiac biomarkers (troponin (TNNI3) and heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP)), oxidative stress markers (total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA)), and the pro-inflammatory marker (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)). The heart tissue was isolated for the histopathological investigation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Results: 5-FU administration has led to an increase in the level of H-FABP, TNNI3, MDA, TNF-alpha, and COX-2 expression while it has significantly reduced the level of TAC. G.L. could prevent the 5-FU-induced cardiotoxicity via its effect on all the measured parameters. Conclusion: G.L. can potentially offers cardioprotection against 5-FU-induced cardiotoxi¬city through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
Tathbiq Namudzaj al-Ta’limi al-Iktisyafi fi Ta’lim al-Lughah al-‘Arabiyah Kamuhawalah Liinjazi Ta’allum Bima’had al-Mansyuriyyah Littarbiyah al-Islamiyyah Sepatan Tangerang
Authors: Rahma  , Sahlani
Published: August 2024

This research aims to reveal the application of the discovery learning model in learning Arabic at the Al-Mansyuriyah Sepatan Islamic boarding school, Tangerang. The method used in this study is the Classroom Action Research Method (PTK). This method is carried out in four stages, namely planning, action, observation and reflection. The four stages are carried out in one cycle which is carried out repeatedly with the same steps and remains focused on solving problems by self-discovery, self-investigation and information search using the Discovery Learning model. Based on the results of the research, it shows that student achievement using the Discovery Learning model has increased. This increase can be seen from the learning outcomes of each cycle that is carried out. In cycle 1, the average pretest score was 68.83 and the posttest average score was 75.5. In cycle 2, the average pretest score was 62.67 and the posttest average score was 89.00. The increase in learning outcomes can be seen from the average N-Gain value for each cycle, namely the average N-Gain cycle 1 is 0.22 and the average N-Gain cycle 2 is 0.70. From these results it proves that the Discovery Learning learning model applied by researchers can improve student achievement.
مستخلص البحث
يهدف هذا البحث لكشف تطبيق نموذج التعلم الاكتشافي في تعلم اللغة العربية بمعهد المنشورية سيفاتن تانجرانج. الطريقة المستخدمة في هذا البحث هي الطريقة البحث الإجرائي. تنفيذ هذه الطريقة في أربع مراحل، وهي التخطيط والإجراء والملاحظة والتفكير. تنفيذ المراحل الأربع في دورة واحدة وتنفيذها بشكل متكرر بنفس الخطوات وتظل تركز على حل المشكلات عن طريق الاكتشافى الذاتي والتحقيق الذاتي والبحث عن المعلومات باستخدام نموذج التعلم الاكتشافى. بناءً على نتائج البحث، فقد تبين أن إنجاز تعلم الطلاب باستخدام نموذج التعلم الاكتشافى قد زاد. يمكن رؤية هذه الزيادة من نتائج التعلم لكل دورة التي يتم تنفيذها. في الدورة الأولى، كان متوسط ​​قيمة الاختبار القبلي 68.83 و متوسط قيمة الاختبار البعدي 75,5. و في الدورة الثانية كان متوسط قيمة الاختبار القبلي 62,67  و متوسط قيمة الاختبار البعدي 89,00. يمكن رؤية نتائج التعلم من متوسط ​​قيمة N-Gain لكل دورة، وهو متوسط قيمة الكسب الطبيعى للدورة الأولى 0,22 و متوسط قيمة الكسب الطبيعى للدورة الثانية 0,70. من هذه النتائج يثبت أن نموذج التعلم الاكتشافي المطبق مع الباحثة يمكن أن يحسن إنجاز تعلم الطلاب.