bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Inclusion and Electronic Government
Authors: Pereira da Silva Helena , Loureiro da Silva Lídia de Jesus Oliveira
Published: October 2013

This chapter presents the results of the search carried out in the Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA) database, with the aim of shedding light on the status of the connection between digital inclusion and electronic government. The theme is the leitmotif of the authors’ research projects. The method of search is detailed, and the strategies used are presented. The search took place at two different times: in August 2006 and in October 2008. The results of each survey are presented separately, with the purpose of comparison and to emphasize the differences between one and the other. Two aspects were the focus of the analysis of the retrieved items: the process of information retrieval and the objective and questions of research. In the 2006 survey, the points that stand out are: that researchers need to be competent in information retrieval from bibliographic databases; the new role of public libraries and librarians, with respect to electronic government; and the importance of formulating national policy on information and electronic government. The second study highlighted again: the need for informational competence on the part of researchers for the retrieval of information; the concept of Information Asymmetry, as a new component in the relationship between digital inclusion and electronic government; the importance of the architecture of information in government Web sites and the role of professional information; and electronic citizenship or cyber-citizenship. This study showed that “digital inclusion” and “electronic government” is a “kaleidoscopic” topic because it reveals many other facets, according to the evolution of the use and non-use of ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies), particularly access to and use of information on the Internet. However, one idea seems central and permeates all considerations of this relationship: that the implementation of electronic government and its success go far beyond technology deployment. The effectiveness of electronic government depends on many more issues involving the participation of citizens. This participation depends on issues related to the provision of information and care with the architecture of information for government Web sites, in addition to training information for citizens.
E-Government Issues in Developing Countries
Authors: Khan Gohar Feroz , Moon Junghoon
Published: October 2013

Electronic government, or e-Government, is the practice of providing public services to citizens, businesses, and other government agencies where government services can be accessed through the Internet, mobile phone, fax, mail, telephone, and personal visits (MGAHA, 2005). Developing countries, utilizing the late comer advantage, are mimicking trends of paperless governments with the expectations to reap the same benefits enjoyed by developed countries. However, e-Government initiatives have not always been successful in developing countries. According to the study conducted by Heeks (2003), the rate of e-Government success in developing countries was only 15 percent. The authors believe that such failures are mainly due to certain unique social, economic, technological, and environmental challenges faced by e-Government in developing countries. For example, some major issues include digital divide, political instability, and skills-related issues. However, the research dealing with these problems is limited. Therefore, in this chapter, the authors discuss these challenges.
Online Social Constructivism
Authors: Ehrhardt Jennifer
Published: October 2013

Renowned Soviet psychologist and father of social constructivist learning theory Lev Vygotsky (1978) stated: “Every function in the child’s cultural development appears twice: first, on the social level, and later, on the individual level” (p. 57). In online practice, social constructivism involves students learning from and with each other in computer-mediated collaborative learning communities. In order for students and faculty to succeed in the online social constructivist environment these efforts demand institutional support. This chapter will introduce issues facing students and faculty that relate to the implementation of online social constructivism. Recommendations focusing on online student support and professional development will be offered as well as a discussion of future trends pointing toward a digital divide between the students of institutions who do support these practices and students of institutions in which faculty have to make do.
Beyond Digital Divide
Authors: Selwyn Neil , Facer Keri
Published: October 2013

This chapter discusses how digital exclusion continues to present a serious and significant threat to the successful establishment of developed and developing countries as ‘information societies.’ Based on a review of recent research and theoretical work, the chapter considers a number of different reasons why digital exclusion remains a complex and entrenched social problem, highlighting the need to recognise the mediating role of economic, cultural, and social forms of capital in shaping individuals’ engagements with ICT. From this basis, the chapter proposes a hierarchical framework of digital exclusion based around conceptual ‘stages’ of ICT use. Using this framework, the argument is made that policymakers, technologists, and other information society stakeholders face a considerable challenge to match the social affordances of ICTs with the everyday needs, interests, and desires of individuals. In this sense, digital exclusion continues to demand a complex set of policy responses which go far beyond simply increasing levels of hardware provision and support, and then assuming any ‘gaps’ to have been ‘bridged.’ The chapter concludes by highlighting a number of possible directions for future action.
Toward a Roadmap to E-Government for a Better Governance Toward a Roadmap to E-Government for a Better Governance
Authors: Kettani Driss , Moulin Bernard , El Mahdi Asmae
Published: October 2013

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have a tremendous potential to improve the quality of people’s livelihood in general and especially in the developing countries. They can boost business, support education and health systems and also enhance the governance that is a major and vital factor in the development process. It is commonly agreed that e-Government systems enhance governance, but, unfortunately, there is a lack of empirical evidence to build upon this hypothesis, which, legitimately, creates reluctance among key decision makers, slows down the dissemination of technology as a decision support tool and as development enabler/infrastructure and contribute to the very dangerous phenomena known as the digital divide. In the context of Fez e-Government Project, that is being led in Morocco, in a close collaboration with the municipality of the Moroccan city of Fez, authors have developed a pilot e-Government system that facilitates citizens’ access to governmental information and services. From the outset of this 30 months project, the goal was to collect and analyze experimental data in order to see how the development/deployment of e-government systems impacted the governance process. This research has set up a methodology that emphasizes good governance at each step of an e-Government project and enables the researchers to continuously assess the outcomes of the resulting e-Gov system on governance. The ultimate goal is to reduce, as much as possible, the reluctance of politicians and decision makers and to contribute in the dissemination of technology for development purposes thru a scientific and proven methodology that systematically links e-Government outcomes to good governance attributes. In this chapter, authors present the main phases of this methodology and lessons learned during the e-Fez Project. This approach may benefit similar projects, especially in developing countries that are willing to create and deploy e-Government systems for the benefit of their citizens.
Building Urban Pre-Service Teachers’ Pedagogical Knowledge and Skills through Digital Poetry Collaborations
Authors: Polleck Jody , Wirtz Jason
Published: October 2013

Educational reform theorists argue that schools of education and their neighboring public schools must enhance collaborative efforts so as to attain “simultaneous renewal” wherein elementary and secondary students and pre-service teachers are served in authentic ways that deepen all students’ learning (Goodlad, 1994). One way to accomplish this is through use of sustainable, innovative projects that connect pre-service teachers’ early learning experiences directly to public classrooms. The purpose of this chapter is to offer a model for successful collaborations between pre-service teachers and urban high school students. The authors provide an overview of the digital poetry project and subsequent analysis of the reciprocal impact this project had on both the pre-service teachers and adolescents, including increased engagement with instructional objectives, enhanced literacy and technological competencies, and fostering of intellectual transitions.
Going Viral in the Classroom
Authors: Eckstein Jessica J.
Published: October 2013

This chapter demonstrates the potential for social change in computer mediated communication (CMC) education. A foundational discussion of emerging online technologies in terms of potentials for students and responsibilities of educators is followed with a description of a “best practices” classroom project and incorporation of case-study observations in terms of CMC benefits and challenges. The goal of this chapter is to highlight potential societal outcomes inherent in CMC education for students and educators as agents of social change.
Estimating the Privacy Protection Capability of a Web Service Provider
Authors: Yee George
Published: October 2013

The growth of the Internet has been accompanied by the growth of Web services (e.g., e-commerce, e-health, etc.), leading to important provisions put in place to protect the privacy of Web service users. However, it is also important to be able to estimate the privacy protection capability of a Web service provider. Such estimates would benefit both users and providers. Users would benefit from being able to choose (assuming that such estimates were made public) the service that has the greatest ability to protect their privacy (this would in turn encourage Web service providers to pay more attention to privacy). Web service providers would benefit by being able to adjust their provisions for protecting privacy until certain target capability levels of privacy protection are reached. This article presents an approach for estimating the privacy protection capability of a Web service provider and illustrates the approach with an example. [Article copies are available for purchase from InfoSci-on-Demand.com]
Mid-Level Image Descriptors
Authors: Martinet Jean , Elsayad Ismail
Published: October 2013

We present in this chapter a classification of image descriptors, from the low level to the high level, introducing the notion of intermediate level. This level denotes a representation level lying between low-level features – such as color histograms, texture or shape descriptors, and high-level features – semantic concepts. In a chain of process point of view, mid-level descriptors represent an intermediate step or stage between low and high level, dedicated to specific tasks such as annotation, object detection/recognition, or similarity matching. After introducing a definition for the three different levels, we review a number of approaches making use of such intermediate levels. We namely focus on different approaches making an analogy with text processing, by adapting and applying standard text processing techniques to image indexing.
A Proposed Control Technique for Water Management in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Farcaş Alin Cristian
Published: October 2013

Water management inside a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is critical both for stable operation and desired performance. This paper presents the relations that govern water transport mechanisms, describes and proposes a control strategy for membrane conductivity manipulation using an observer and two controllers. The Simulink model is showing successful control of membrane conductivity when density current changes while water vapor pressures are maintained within the safe limits. Using the proposed control strategy, further work can be conducted in the area of feed forward and advanced control of water management in PEM fuel cells.
L1 Controller Design for a Flying Wing Unmmaned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Stoica Adrian Mihail
Published: October 2013

The paper presents a design method for the control system of a flying wing unmanned air vehicle (UAV). A modified loop-shaping type configuration is adopted for the controller synthesis such that maneuverability, robustness with respect to modeling uncertainty and sensitivity reduction performances are accomplished. A stabilizing output feedback control law minimizing the $L_1$ norm of the resulting system is determined. The proposed design algorithm is illustrated by a case study.
Theoretical Considerations about the Influence of the Work Environment and of Mixer Hydrodynamic Mass on the Deformations and Implicitly on the Shaft Own Pulsation
Authors: Bibire Luminita , Ghenadi Adrian Stelian , Topliceanu Liliana
Published: October 2013

Loading shaft of the mixing device is complex. Because the operating regime is characterized by a random variation of the regime parameters, it is difficult to determine an exact theoretical approach, from the point of view of calculation of the shaft. The stress shaft of a mixing device takes into account only partally of the real state of loading. At present, there is no unitary methodology for calculating of shaft for mixing devices. Although the effect of the mixer weight on the own frequency, has been partially taken into account when the shaft-mixer system rotates in the air, it must be reconsidered if the shaft-mixer system rotates in a liquid. The calculation presented in this paper will take into account "hydrodynamic mass" mam of liquid, corresponding to the mixer that actually vibrates with it. This contributes to an increase of its inertia, and to reducing of the own frequency (respectively of the critical speed). In this paper, the influence of the working environment on the deflection of vertical cantilever shaft will be considered, and calculation relations for own pulsation of the shaft equipped with a mixer will be set, with consideration of mixer hydrodynamic mass. For this purpose, it is calculated hydrodynamic mass mh attached to the mixer, and the reduction factor of pulsation due to hydrodynamic mass.
Evaluation and Improvement of the Spindle Thermal Transfer
Authors: Udup Emil , Bîșu Claudiu Florinel , Zapciu Miron
Published: October 2013

The main source of heat generation in a spindle is the friction torque in the ball bearing angular contact. The thermal and structural behavior of both spindle shaft/housing and bearings is characterized by the thermal expansion and the rate of heat generation depending on the operating speed. To evaluate the temperature distribution and its effects on the axial and radial deformations a simulation procedure is required. This paper is a presentation of the numerical models performed using the (ANSYS) commercial finite element software in order to assess the thermal behavior effect on the spindle nose axial deformation. Two numerical models were designed and simulated; the first model is a classic spindle in which heat dissipation of the bearings is removed by conduction and convection with the environment and with the second model, the generated heat is removed by water cooling circuits to improve the temperature distribution and axial deformation in the housing and spindle shaft.
Use Measurement System Analysis in Order to Reduce the System Variation
Authors: Ile Cristina , Lazea Gheorghe
Published: October 2013

One source of variation in a process is generated by measurement. This paper is presenting a case study of Measurement System Analysis (MSA) in a wood industry process. It is necessary to do an analysis of the measurement system used in a company in order to be competitive and to gain the trust of the client. The aim of the paper is to show the steps done during a measurement system analysis and how to interpret the graphic results, but also the data generated by the Software. For this paper all the simulations were done in Minitab, but similar simulations can be done with other software programs.
Analyze the Process Capability: A Case Study
Authors: Ile Cristina
Published: October 2013

A process is defined as an unique combination between materials, machines, methods and persons. It is necessary to do an analysis of the process capability in a company in order to be competitive and to gain the trust of the client. The study presents what means Process Capability and how it can be implemented in a wood based company. For this paper all the simulations were done in Minitab, but similar simulations can be done with other software programs.
Design of Modular Gripper for Industrial Robot
Authors: Vagaš Marek , Varga Jozef
Published: October 2013

The article discusses the design of modular gripper for industrial robot based on the modularity. This modularity includes the variable layout of fingers into three positions for the specified grip. It also consists of the specification of objects manipulation, their dimensions and weights with this type of gripper. The proposal is based on the biomechanical principle of the human hand. According to the analysis of human hand, there is a possibility to categorize every type of grip. The concept of gripper will introduce its own possibilities, functionality and fulfillment of required grip tasks. Design is based also on limited requirements, which are determined by the envelope of flange of industrial robot, application and others factors.
Model of Mechatronics Robots Tool with Controlled Geometry
Authors: Mikolajczyk Tadeusz , Romanowski Łukasz , Sojka Sebastian
Published: October 2013

The paper presents a model of tool with controlled geometry of the active surface. This tool is very suitable for use with an industrial robot, for example, to form polystyrene foam. The tool was built in the form of two discs mounted on axes stepper motors positioned in the frame. This discs combined using two wires with feature a length of a wire compensation system. It was made using the spiral spring. Tool geometry was set by rotating one of the discs at a specific angle (0-180o). After starting the both engines, concurrently at the same direction, surface of tool action is obtained in the form of hyperboloid. To run the tool uses stepper motors connected to a computer equipped with an interface card and specially developed control software. Tool joined to the IRb60 robot wrist can obtain curved surface as a superposition of the kinematics of tool and robot wrist.
Numerical Sliding Mode Control for a DC-DC Buck Converter
Authors: Tomesc Liviu , Betea Bogdan
Published: October 2013

Due to advances in microprocessor technology the numeric control is becoming increasingly attractive for the power converter designers. This paper proposes a solution based on a voltage-only sliding mode control algorithm for a DC-DC buck converter, it identifies challenges and proposes solutions.
Universal Communication Node for Building Automation Systems
Authors: Sita Ioan Valentin , Dobra Petru
Published: October 2013

This paper describes the implementation of a Universal Communication Node for building automation systems, which interconnect the sensors and actuators using different communication technologies. A simple protocol addressing the various devices in the automation network and a mechanism for the management of the messages exchanged between different devices were implemented. As communicating elements in the building automation network we used two customized boards based on ATmega328 microcontroller. For wire communication we used the technologies RS-232, RS-485, Ethernet and for wireless Bluetooth, Zigbee, nRF24L01, RF12B, WiFi, GSM/GPRS and Infrared.
A Holistic Vision of Medical Services and Information Support System Based on E-Healthcare Framework
Authors: Costetchi Natalia , Stanescu Aurelian Mihai , Moisescu Mihnea , Sacala Ioan Stefan
Published: October 2013

Nowadays, Romania suffers a huge reform process in Health domain. In this context, there is a strong need to find efficient solutions to improve of the quality of medical services and to find an adequate calculation method for financing in order to equilibrate the relationship between the health care providers the patients satisfaction the cost for the service the final financing entity of the medical service. The integration of specific Information Technologies in this whole process is of a major importance that contributes to reaching the proposed target. On one hand, the institution responsible for establishing and documenting the tariffs for the medical services is involved in the relations: public financing body of health care medical services provider refunding of the contractual tariff. On the other hand, the relevant data and information are managed by the pylons of the Health System (composed by family medicine cabinet, hospital units, ambulatory medical units, laboratories etc.). Thus, it becomes crucial that both of the above mentioned perspectives to form, in this process, a whole.
The Application of RFID in the Field of Medical Circulation
Authors: Liu Rui , Zhang Yao Li , Niu Ya Juan
Published: October 2013

Medicine, as a special product, is closely related with people's lives and health. Therefore, to ensure the quality and safety of the drug from the point of production to the point of final consumers is of great importance, especially the drugs which require cold storage and refrigerated transport. The quality stability of those drugs is greatly influenced by the fluctuations in temperature, so that a predetermined low temperature environment (usually 10 °C) in the supply chain is needed for the convenience of circulation and usage, in order to ensure quality and safety, to reduce loss and to prevent pollution. The transportation link, which is the most difficult one to control during the circulation of medicine, has long been the dead zone of logistics tracking [. Therefore, the temperature monitoring of drugs has gained more attention. The emergence of RFID technology has become a necessary impetus to solve this problem. RFID technology, which can store large amounts of drug information , is also a kind of data acquisition technology with the ability to update constantly and realize the real-time tracking of drugs.
Trends in Joining Dissimilar Metals by Welding
Authors: Kah Paul , Shrestha Madan , Martikainen Jukka
Published: October 2013

The welding of dissimilar materials finds a wide variety of applications in the fields of industrial construction and manufacturing, where the characteristic features of the different materials are optimized for the desired application to result in cost effectiveness and value addition. Non-fusion welding methods such as solid state welding and high energy beam welding are more popular for welding dissimilar metal combinations, due to fewer complications, than fusion welding, which melts the base metal and forms brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs) that may lead to failure. Various factors have to be considered when assessing the feasibility of welding dissimilar metals and producing a sound weld joint. This paper presents a broad classification of the most commonly used welding processes for dissimilar materials, discusses some of the commonly used welding processes with examples of some common material combinations, critical factors for good welding, and practical difficulties arising from the physical and chemical properties of materials. From the findings, it can be inferred that continuous improvement and research is still required in the field of dissimilar metal welding, particularly in the light of increasing demand for tailored material for modern engineering and industrial applications.
Stepwise Inhibition Effect of Multinitroxyl Radicals on Styrene Polymerization
Authors: Horng Richard S. , Lee Shin Ku
Published: October 2013

Several nitroxides are used for study of their inhibiting effect on styrene polymerization. These nitroxides contain different nitroxyl moieties within molecules. Molecules with multinitroxyl centers within a single molecule possess stepwise radical killing reactivity. Each of these nitroxyl centers exhibits slightly different inhibitory capabilities in terminating the growth of polymer chains. A kinetic model is developed to calculate individual inhibition constants for each molecule's nitroxyl center and to characterize their kinetic behavior.
The Wording of Ferrochrome in Copper-Based P/M Friction Material
Authors: Zhao Xiang , Hao Jun Jie , Yu Xiao , Peng Kun , Guo Zhi Meng
Published: October 2013

The working mechanism of ferrochrome in a new type of copper-based P/ M friction material was studied. The results show that ferrochrome can significantly improve the hardness of the matrix, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and other performance of the copper-based friction material, especially the mechanical performance, the friction and wear properties. The affinity of Cr and O is greater than Fe and O. CrO or Cr2O3is formed by Cr which can work as the reduction in the sintering process, thats why the friction coefficient and wear resistance are improved.
Research into High Performance Zeolite/Monomer Casting Nylon 6 (MCPA6) Composites
Authors: Huang Bo Fen , Liang Han Xuan , Li Zhi Yuan , Bai Yan Chao
Published: October 2013

Zeolite / MC nylon 6 composites were prepared , followed by morphology and properties characterization of composites. The results demonstrated that a large number of pearlitic structures appeared at the interphase between the organic phases and the inorganic phases, indicating that caprolactam had happened anionic in-situ polymerization within the zeolite. The zeolite played a role of molecular rivet in zeolite / MCPA6 composites. The experimental results also showed that the composites performances were largely improved compared with pure MCPA6. When zeolite was 1 Phr, the impact strength of the composite was increased by 58%, temperature of thermal decomposition was rised by 92.9 °C. When zeolite reached 5 Phr, the composite shrinkage rate was reduced by 33%.
A Short Wavelength and Low Loss Thin-Film Transmission Line Employing ML/CPW Composite Structure on Silicon Substrate
Authors: Son Ki Jun , Jeong Jang Hyeon , Han Sung Jo , Yun Young
Published: October 2013

In this work, a thin-film transmission line (TFTL) employing microstrip line/coplanar waveguide (ML/CPW) on silicon substrate was proposed, and its RF characteristics were investigated. The TFTL employing ML/CPW composite structure exhibited the wavelength shorter than conventional coplanar waveguide and thin-film microstrip line. Concretely, at 10 GHz, the wavelength of conventional coplanar waveguide and thin film waveguide is 10.35 and 7.83 mm, while the wavelength of the TFTL employing ML/CPW composite structure was 6.26 mm, which was 60.5 % of the conventional coplanar waveguide. The TFTL employing ML/CPW composite structure with a length of λ/8 showed the loss less than 1.12 dB up to 30 GHz, which was lower than conventional coplanar waveguide and thin-film microstrip line. Above results indicates that the TFTL employing ML/CPW composite structure is a promising candidate for application to a miniaturization of RF components on silicon RFIC.
Effect of Antibiotic Additions on the Mechanical Properties of Bone Cement
Authors: Wu Chuan Shao , Chiang Fu Tsai , Hung Jui Pin
Published: October 2013

Clinical studies have proved that artificial joints may fail under prolonged gait load, which failure mechanism includes mechanical loosening and infectious loosening. Infectious loosening can be prevented by avoiding osteomyelitis, caused by bacterial infection arising from the marrow cavity, which affects the fixation function of the bone handle. As a result, use of bone cement containing various antibiotics has become an important method for prevention and treatment of infection after artificial joint replacement. This study was aimed to investigate the mechanical properties of bone cement after the addition of antibiotics through the mechanical tests. With the measurements we can then assessed the variations of mechanical strength with the dosage of antibiotics. The results showed that the dose of antibiotics directly affected the compression strength and elastic modulus of antibiotic bone cement. When the antibiotics was added more than 4.8 wt %, the cement strength was obviously affected and reduced, by 27%, indicating that during artificial hip joint replacement, the dose of antibiotics should be concerned, in order to avoid affecting the strength of bone cement and stability of the entire implant.
The Characteristics of Metakaolinite-Based Geopolymer at Different Temperature
Authors: Chen Jie Yu , Tao Sun , Lei Xin Rong , Zhu Xiao Yan
Published: October 2013

Geopolymer is an inorganic cementing material with three-dimensional network structure, which is synthesized from alumino-silicate minerals or solid wastes and alkali-activated agent. But the previous reported that it is not fit for fire-resistant materials and thermal insulation materials. On the base of researched documents, the characteristics of metakaolinite-based geopolymer at the temperature of 100 oC-1000 oC were investigated in this paper. With the temperature increasing from 100 oC-1000 oC, the metakaolinite-based geopolymer and the samples calcined were all amorphous though it happen two thermal effects. The volume shrinkage is serious with temperature increasing. But the changes of the density and water absorption rate are just opposite, which reflect the porosity change law of first increasing and then decreasing.
Ray-Thermal Sequential Coupled Heat Transfer ANALYSIS of Porous Media Receiver for Solar Dish Collector
Authors: Wang Fu Qiang
Published: October 2013

For the sake of reflecting the concentrated heat flux distribution boundary condition as genuine as possible during simulation, the sequential coupled optical-thermal heat transfer analysis is introduced for porous media receiver. During the sequential coupled numerical analysis, the non-uniform heat flux distribution on the fluid entrance surface of porous media receiver is obtained by Monte-Carlo ray tracing method. Finite element method (FEM) is adopted to solve energy equation using the calculated heat flux distribution as the third boundary condition. The dimensionless temperature distribution comparisons between uniform and non-uniform heat flux distribution boundary conditions, various porosities, and different solar dish concentrator tracking errors are investigated in this research.
Fault Line Selection and Section Location of Distribution Network Based on S-Transform and Zero-Sequence Reactive Power
Authors: Yu Nan Hua , Li Rui , Cao Hong Guang , Tao Wei Qing , Li Chuan Jian
Published: October 2013

An approach of fault line selection and section location based on S-Transform transient energy integrated with zero-sequence reactive direction is proposed. Fault information of zero-sequence currents collected by each feeder terminal unit (FTU) were uploaded to the main station on the use of real-time communication technologies,and then the main station take analysis for the whole network fault information, using S-transform to obtain the main characteristic frequency of the signal, then compare the transient energy and zero-sequence reactive direction of each feeder line of the frequency to achieve fault line selection. According to the difference of waveform in front and back of the fault point in the fault line,using this above method to realize section location. The simulations and analysis demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of this approach , and its not affected by fault close angle, noise and other factors.
Exergy Analysis of Transcritical Regenerative Organic Rankine Cycle Using Isobutane
Authors: Kim Kyoung Hoon
Published: October 2013

Exergy analysis is performed for transcritical Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) with internal heat exchanger based on the second law of thermodynamics. Effects of source temperature as well as turbine inlet pressure (TIP) are investigated on the exergy destructions (or anergies) of the system as well as exergy efficiency. Results show that irreversibility of the system decreases with increasing TIP or decreasing source temperature. Exergy efficiency decreases with increasing source temperature; however has a maximum value with respect to TIP.
Current Research Progress in Non-Classical Fourier Heat Conduction
Authors: Wang Fei Fei , Wang B.
Published: October 2013

Classical Fourier law can accurately describe most heat conduction problems. But for ultrafast heat conduction process and micro/nanoscale heat conduction problems, non-classical Fourier (non-Fourier) effect may become dominated. The paper gives a review on the current progress on non-Fourier heat conduction in engineering. It includes basic concept, physical models, thermal relaxation effect, and related experiments. Also introduced are the solution methods of non-Fourier heat conduction equations, including closed-form solution, finite difference method, finite element method, molecular dynamics simulation, variational method, and other hybrid methods. Some challenging issues are discussed at the conclusion of the paper.
Emissions Effect of Gasoline and Ethanol Gasoline on Vehicle Exhaust CO/HC
Authors: Zhao Qing Hua , Wu Xin Ping , Chen Dong Zhao
Published: October 2013

In order to study the CO/HC change status of the exhaust pollutant concentration after using ethanol gasoline in vehicle, the chosen 30 automobiles are tested as the samples in Zhengzhou City. The results show that the exhaust of CO/HC of the vehicles using ethanol gasoline are significantly reduced, the test results provide some scientific data for promoting the application of ethanol gasoline in vehicle.
Development of Molding Tool with Augmented Reality Technology Application
Authors: Novak-Marcincin Jozef
Published: October 2013

Augmented Reality (AR) is a developing area of virtual reality research. The world environment around us provides a wealth of information that is difficult to duplicate in a computer. This is evidenced by the worlds used in virtual environments. An augmented reality system generates a composite view for the user. It is a combination of the real scene viewed by the user and a virtual scene generated by the computer that augments the scene with additional information. In paper is presented the example of virtual and augmented reality application in area of molding tool assembly realized by author.
Study on Tension Distribution Calculation Method for Strip Cold Rolling
Authors: Bai Jin Lan , Wang Jun Sheng
Published: October 2013

In order to improve the calculation accuracy of tension distribution, a new method to calculate tension distribution for strip cold rolling is carried out. First, exit unit tension calculation model is developed by using variational calculus method. Then combined with divided element method, tension distribution and rolls deformation model are established, and the corresponding procedure is developed. Further, contact pressure between rolls and tension distribution of a single-stand reversing cold mill are calculated with the procedure. And it is proved that the results of the calculated data agreed well with the measured value. This verifies that the calculation method is reliable.
Effect of Channel Inner Angle on Aluminum ECAP Plastic Deformation
Authors: Li J.H. , Yu Z.J. , Zhang L.P.
Published: October 2013

Rigid-plastic finite element was used to investigate the effect of channel inner angle on aluminum ECAP processing. The simulation results demonstrate that distribution of maximum principal stress was non-homogeneous no matter with 90° inner angle or 120° inner angle. For the both inner angle values, material located at the front-end of workpiece flow easily and material located at the top of die channel corner flow difficultly, which were well agreed with plastic mechanics and experiment. The inhomogeneity of maximum principal distribution in ECAP workpiece processed with die channel inner angle of 90° was more severe than that with die channel inner angle of 120°.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Dendritic Microsegregation of an Al-Cu-Si Alloy
Authors: Zhao Guang Wei , Shi Zeng Min , Ye Xi Cong , Liu Wen Jun
Published: October 2013

Solidification experiment a graphite mold was carried out on ternary alloy Al-4.61Cu-0.92Si and typical dendrite microstructure was obtained. The influence of heat treatment on microsegregation between the dendrite, and the amount and morphology of the non-equilibrium eutectic phases were studied. Line scans results shows that the dendrite microsegregation disappeared after heat treatment under temperature near the ternary eutectic point. And the amount of eutectic phases is decreased obviously and the morphology of most θ-phase is changed from normal pattern to sphere or nearly spherical.
The Application of Enhanced Cooling Technology to Grinding Process
Authors: Ma Ke
Published: October 2013

An experimental study was performed to analyze the feasibility of heat pipe cooling in creep feed grinding applications. A new type of grinding wheel is developed to enhance the heat transfer of the grinding contact zone then decrease the grinding temperature. The performance of the new type grinding wheel was evaluated by measuring the grinding temperature when it was creep feed grinding the Ti-6Al-4V Alloy and the experimental results were compared with an ordinary grinding wheel. Results of the comparative study indicated that the use of enhanced cooling technology in a grinding wheel can decrease the grinding temperature significantly thus avoid the surface burning in grinding.
Influence of Triggered Seed Bubbles on Flow Boiling in Microchannels
Authors: Zong Lu Xiang , Xu Jin Liang
Published: October 2013

Combined with a simple phase change model, the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method is used for simulating the seed bubble triggered boiling in a single circular microchannel with 6.5mm length. Simulation results show that the introduction of seed bubbles improves the heat transfer performance and suppresses the flow instability simultaneously. The seed bubbles are triggered into the microchannel forf=2000 Hz, passing by only about five numbers of periods, the wall superheats remarkably decreased, a complete thermal equilibrium between the liquid and vapor phases is approached, the flow instability can be controlled successfully. At the stable flow stage, the heat transfer which can reach more than 3 times the single liquid phase heat transfer dominated by the local liquid film thickness, which is the actual heat transfer length-scale in the liquid film regime. However, the liquid bridge region existing between the bubbles produces a week heat transfer mechanism.
A Kind of Evolutionary Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm Based on AIS
Authors: Li Ming Song
Published: October 2013

Problem of multi-objective optimization based on Artificial Immune System (AIS) is an important research area of current evolutionary computing. Starting from the intelligent information processing mechanism of immune theory and the immune system itself, a kind of evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithm based on AIS is proposed. Clonal selection, scattered crossover and hypermutation based on the learning mechanism are characteristics of the algorithm. Algorithm implements clonal selection according to the distribution of individuals in the objective space, which benefit obtaining Pareto optimal boundary distributed more widely and speed up the convergence. Compared with the existing algorithms, the algorithm has been greatly improved in convergence, diversity, and distribution of solutions.
An Efficient Heuristic Algorithm for Solving Crane Scheduling Problem
Authors: Xie Xie , Li Yan Ping , Zheng Yong Yue , Li Xiao Li
Published: October 2013

This paper focuses on a single crane scheduling problem which is motivated by cooled-rolling material warehouse in the iron and steel enterprise. As storage technological requirement, coils have been stored on the pre-specified position in two levels. If a demanded coil is in the upper level, it can be picked up directly. If a demanded coil in the lower level is blocked by un-demanded coils, the coil can not be transported until all the blocking coils are shuffled to another position. Our problem combines transportation and shuffling simultaneously for crane to pick up all demanded coils as early as possible to designated place (makespan). We first propose a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model. Some analytical properties are further provided. Based on these properties, we propose a polynomial-time heuristic algorithm. Numerical experiments are carried out to confirm our proposed methods can provide high quality solutions.
Research on Improving the Gilding Quality for Electric Connector Contacts Made by Copper Alloy
Authors: Xu Shu Qiong , Liu Xian
Published: October 2013

The paper summarized the causes of influencing the gilding quality of electric connector contact bodies made by copper alloy.We put forward realiable and effective ways to solve the problems of the gilding quality,Chosing the optimum technological parametars of gold plating bath,achieving optimum structure desig of contact bodies ,improving the process of gilding are the best solutions.
Research on Key Technology of Truss Tomato Harvesting Robot in Greenhouse
Authors: Ji Chao , Zhang Jing , Yuan Ting , Li Wei
Published: October 2013

In order to improve the automated vegetable-harvesting level, a robot system for truss tomato harvesting and two key technologies of picking-point recognition and end-effector design were proposed. An algorithm used the segmentation feature of the color difference 2r-g-b to recognize the truss tomato fruit and the assistant mark. According to the growth characteristics of the stem of tomato truss, the approximate fitting curve of stem and the contour of assistant mark were extracted to generate the optimal picking-point for location of tomato truss. The hardware structure of an end-effector based on flexible transmission was designed, and the function of cutting and grasping could be realized simultaneously by the end-effector. Experimental results show that the success rate for harvesting truss tomato was 88.6%, and the average execution time for picking a truss tomato was 37.2s.
A Key Management Scheme for Smart Grid Wireless Terminals
Authors: Zhang Bo , Wang Yu Fei , Zhang Tao , Ma Yuan Yuan
Published: October 2013

With the large-scale construction of smart grid, smart grid terminals widely using wireless access technology to communicate to the power systems. For ensuring the communication security, pair-wise key pre-distribution scheme is widely used, however, which introduces the complexity of key management, and insufficient security problems. According to the smart grid terminals wireless communication features, proposes an intelligent grid wireless terminal online key management scheme, which is based on the t rank binary symmetric polynomial and fully homomorphic encryption algorithm. This scheme make the communication key could be established with a few parameters between the communicating parties, which reduces the complexity of key predistribution and the amount of calculation. Moreover, the whole process of the key generation is encrypted by fully homomorphic encryption algorithm, effectively enhances the security of the scheme.
Multi-Sensor Life Detection Synergy Platform Design
Authors: Yang Jing Song , He Xiu Ling , Li Li Xin
Published: October 2013

Life detection based on a single type of information sources detection technology cannot completely meet the needs of the earthquake relief. The existing life detection techniques are include of acoustic wave life detection, optical life detection and radar life detection. The advantages and existing problems of the three life detection techniques are analyzed. The advantages and present situation of multi-sensor detection synergy technique are given . We explained the platform structure , multi-sensor selection strategy, and information fusion model. Finally, the development direction of life detection technique based on multi-sensor synergy is forecasted. This platform mainly realizes the infrared image and acoustic wave synchronization collection, analysis and processing of both audio life detection and video detection function, make up for the deficiency of the single sensor life detector, can get a more comprehensive and more accurate information about the scene of rescue and living organisms, is more suitable for complex quake rescue environment.
Study on Deformation Inspection System of Car Seat Frame Based on Virtual Instrument
Authors: Zhong Xiao Qin , Chai Shao Kuan , Hu Ting , Shi Gang
Published: October 2013

An automatic deformation inspection system of car seat frame based on virtual instrument is invented and applied in real production. The hardware configuration, software modules, inspection and control theorem and application example are introduced. The system is easy to use with sound real-time performance, stability and high accuracy.
Research on Software Architecture of Bridge CAD System
Authors: Kang Qi , Ren Guo Jie , Xu Yue
Published: October 2013

Architecture of engineering system can dominate software function and style. Selecting multiplayer architecture to sever as the principal part, Bridge Master, which consists of man-machine alternation layer, basic operations layer, application platform layer, function module layer and system management layer, is developed for bridge structure analysis. This paper analyzes the composition of the systematic structure to improve efficiency of engineering design and make designer using easier. On the basis of aforementioned analysis, the developer can strengthen systemic function on the aspect of individuation. Besides these, it also builds up the preliminary fundament based on which a new generational bridge integrated CAD system can be developed further.
Study on Preparation Method and Energy-Absorbing Characteristics of Carbon Fiber Composite Energy Absorber
Authors: Luo Chang Jie , Zhang Hai Liang , Yu Wen Ze , He Kai , Du Ru Xu
Published: October 2013

By analyzing advantages and disadvantages of the existing energy absorbers, carbon fiber composite and regular hexagon honeycomb structure were chosen as material and topological structure respectively to make a big-bearing, lightweight energy absorber. Preparation method of carbon fiber composite honeycomb energy absorber was studied, which was applied to manufacture some specimens,and it is feasible because of the specimens good consistency and regularity. Quasi-static compression tests of the specimens were carried out, and then the related parameters of energy-absorbing characteristics were calculated. The results show that the carbon fiber composite honeycomb energy absorber has excellent energy-absorbing characteristics.
Material and Design Mechanical Analysis on Kappa Tennis Shoes
Authors: Huang Bo
Published: October 2013

Material and design affects the performance of shoes. In this study, according to different materials and designs, plantar pressures of Kappa tennis shoes compare to Adidas tennis shoes were tested, Fifteen male volunteered to take part in this student. After collecting and analyzing these data, the findings came to as follows: (1) There were no difference between Kappa tennis shoes and Adidas tennis shoes, (2) there is no safety risk factor in Kappa tennis shoes, and (3) the testing results showed that the damping part of first metatarsus (M5) of Kappa shoes, arch parts (M2 and M4) and supporting value should be improved.