bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LA PLANIFICACIÓN PARTICIPATIVA EN COTACACHI ¿ESPACIO ESTATAL O CIUDADANO? (1996-2018)
Authors: Alvear Morales César Gonzalo
Published: August 2020

La institucionalización de la planificación participativa local establecida por la Constitución de 2008, produjo en Cotacachi -referente nacional de la participación- un escenario de pugna en torno a los nuevos espacios de participación en la planificación, provocando un enfrentamiento entre la legalidad del gobierno local, establecido como autoridad estatal sobre la planificación participativa; y la legitimidad de los actores sociales, quienes durante una década y media antes de la Constitución, impulsaron y sostuvieron el proceso participativo en el cantón, tornándose en una autoridades no estatales de la participación. El presente estudio pretende dar cuenta de las posibilidades de acción política de los espacios de participación insertados en la planificación que, desde el gobierno local se implementaron como mecanismos de exclusión de actores no alineados a su bandera política; y desde los actores sociales se abordaron como espacios de acción organizativa en demanda de sus derechos de participación. Metodológicamente, mediante una investigación cualitativa se elaboró un estudio de caso que, bajo el enfoque analítico de la gubernamentalidad de Michel Foucault da a conocer las diversas estrategias de gobierno implementadas desde el Estado (central y local) y la sociedad civil por regir los espacios de participación en la planificación local. Llegando a concluir que el gobierno del actual régimen de planificación participativa en Cotacachi se produce bajo el influjo de diversas prácticas de poder basadas en conocimiento y autoridad implementadas por los actores estatales y sociales, logrando estos últimos, validar su actoría a través de capacidades técnicas especializadas y capital político organizacional.
BENEFICIOS DE LAS ACTIVIDADES LÚDICAS EN ADULTOS MAYORES
Authors: Tomala Santana Juan Enrique
Published: August 2020

El manejo de la lúdica durante el envejecimiento brinda múltiples beneficios al organismo del individuo tanto en el aspecto físico, intelectual y social. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo demostrar que tipos de ejercicios son los adecuados para la rehabilitación de adultos mayores y la prevención de enfermedades crónicas, es un estudio cualitativo basando su estructura en la aplicación de métodos teóricos: inductivo-deductivo, análisis – síntesis, el histórico lógico para estudiar la vinculación y evolución de estas actividades en el proceso activo de los adultos mayores, además los empíricos como: observaciones, encuestas, revisión de documentos para constatar el manejo de las actividades lúdicas dentro del Hogar San José, cuyos resultados fueron favorables afirmando que las técnicas empleadas mediante el uso de la lúdica no solo aportan a la coordinación del cuerpo sino también fomentan valores y la producción de nuevos conocimientos en la población vulnerable.
Perlindungan Kreditur Atas Pailit Yang Diajukan Debitur Dalam Proses Peninjauan Kembali Di Pengadilan Niaga
Authors: Saija Ronald
Published: August 2020

Legislation Number 34 of 2007 concerning Bankruptcy and Postponement of Obligations of Debt Payments is not fully complete in order to protect the rights of creditors, in connection with the dispute of PT. Golden Adishoes has no clarity about repayment in full if it turns out that the debtor's assets are insolvent is not enough to pay all of his debts, indirectly the creditor is required to accept the fact that all of his debts will not be repaid in full by bankrupt debtors without any actions and what solutions can be made by the creditor before the bankruptcy application is filed by the bankrupt debtor to the Commercial Court.
Konsekuensi Yuridis Terhadap Diabaikannya Pelaksaan Putusan Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara Yang Telah Memiliki Kekuatan Hukum Tetap
Authors: Alfons Saartje Sarah
Published: August 2020

Unlawful Consequences of Justice in the execution of the decision of the State Administration court by government officials, are arbitrary and contempt of court actions which may be subject to administrative sanctions as well as unlawful acts that may be sued in civil courts.
Quem está ficando para trás? Uma análise da transparência pública dos portais eletrônicos de municípios tocantinenses
Authors: Araújo Xenise Milhomem Brandão , Kronbauer Clóvis Antônio , Carvalho José Ribamar Marques de , Cirne Gianinni Martins Pereira
Published: August 2020

Esta pesquisa visou analisar o nível de transparência pública das informações sobre os atos da gestão pública divulgadas nos sítios eletrônicos de prefeituras de municípios dos estados de Tocantins. Quanto à metodologia, classifica-se como descritiva, documental e quali-quantitativa. Assim, foram acessados os sites oficiais de 66 prefeituras tocantinenses, analisados por faixa populacional, conforme modelos propostos por Silva (2013), Amorim (2012) e Amorim & Almada (2016). Os resultados encontrados, de modo geral, revelam que a observância à LAI, em média, foi melhor do que à LRF. No tocante a acessibilidade dos sites oficiais das prefeituras que fazem parte da amostra, observou-se que apresentam uma transparência pública razoável nos aspectos quanto ao acesso por portadores de necessidades especiais e à flexibilidade e eficiência do portal. Percebeu-se também que a usabilidade e acessibilidade e acessibilidade tem sido adotadas pelos portais, todavia ainda necessitam de maior empenho no sentido de atender plenamente aos aspectos obrigatórios e voluntários dispostos nos dispositivos legais.
Open-book accounting no relacionamento entre comprador e fornecedor no setor agroindustrial
Authors: Cardoso Anderson Martins , Fehr Lara Cristina Francisco de Almeida , Gonzaga Rosimeire Pimentel , Duarte Sérgio Lemos
Published: August 2020

Objetivou-se identificar como o OBA (Open-Book Accounting) é praticado no relacionamento entre uma empresa agroindustrial e um de seus fornecedores diretos, na perspectiva da ECT (Economia dos Custos de Transação). Trata-se de estudo de caso único e díade. Empregaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas, análise documental e observação direta para coleta dos dados e análise de conteúdo para análise. Verificou-se que o OBA é aplicado bilateralmente, com detalhamento amplo de informações pelo fornecedor, e estreito e eventual pela compradora. Sua aplicação não foi imposta e emergiu pela confiança e benefícios mútuos estabelecidos, ampliação de negócios conjuntos e contrato exclusivo de fornecimento. No caso específico da empresa compradora, o propósito principal do OBA é apoiar o TCO (Total Cost of Ownership), empregado para seleção e (re)negociação com fornecedores. Conclui-se que o compartilhamento consensual de informações, prevendo benefícios mútuos, aumenta a disposição ao OBA e as chances de identificação de oportunidades de redução de custos.
Patients with Implanted Permanent Pacemakers: Baseline Characteristics and Coronary Angiographic Profile
Authors: Alsuz Ismail , Al-Zaidi Mahdi
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Background: Etiology of severe cardiac conduction disturbances is frequently uncertain. The risk factors of both coronary artery disease and conduction defects often overlap. Considering this, the present study aimed to find the relationship between complete heart block and specific pathological coronary anatomy.

Material and Methods: Seventy-eight patients, (39 patients with a permanent pacemaker and 39 matched control patients who underwent coronary angiography procedure) were studied. The lesions were classified into four types, according to the anatomy of blood supply to the different segments of the conduction system.

Results: Type IV lesion was common in study group compared to matched control group where type III lesion was common. Lesions that compromise blood flow to septal branches (types II and IV) were common in study group and the lesion types that do not compromise blood flow (types I and III) were common in control group (p<0.001). Type 1 lesion were common in females (p<0.001). Type IV lesions were common in hypertensive, whereas, non- hypertensive and non-diabetic patients had type 1 lesions (p<0.001). Similarly, patients with LV dysfunction had type 4 lesion compared to the patients without LV dysfunction who had type 1 lesions (p<0.001)

Conclusions: Patients with permanent pacemakers having coronary artery disease are more likely to have specific coronary angiographic findings. Therefore, the site of lesions and not the severity or extent of atherosclerosis is responsible for the conduction disturbances.
Global modelling studies of composition and decadal trends of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer
Authors: Bossolasco Adriana , Jegou Fabrice , Sellitto Pasquale , Berthet Gwenaël , Kloss Corinna , Legras Bernard
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) traps convectively-lifted boundary layer pollutants inside its upper-tropospheric lower-stratospheric Asian monsoon anticyclone (AMA). It is associated with a seasonal and spatially-confined enhanced aerosol layer, called the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL). The knowledge of the ATAL properties in terms of aerosol budget, chemical composition, as well as its variability and temporal trend is still largely uncertain, due to the dynamical variability of the AMA, the dearth of in situ observations in this region, the complex transport pathways of pollutants and its atmospheric chemical processes. In this work, we use the Community Earth System Model (CESM 1.2 version) based on the coupling of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5) and the MAM7 (Modal Aerosol Model) aerosol module to simulate the composition of the ATAL and its decadal trends. Our simulations cover a long-term period of 16 years from 2000 to 2015. We identify a double-peak aerosols vertical profile for the ATAL. We attribute the upper peak (around 100 hPa, predominant during early ATAL in June) to dry aerosols, possibly from nucleation processes and the lower peak (around 250 hPa, predominant for a well-developed and late ATAL, in July and August) to cloud-borne aerosols associated with convective clouds. We find that mineral dust is the dominant aerosol by mass in the ATAL showing a large interannual variability, but no long-term trend, due to its natural variation. The results between 120–80 hPa (dry aerosol peak) suggest that for aerosols other than dust the ATAL is composed of around 40 % of sulfate, 30% of secondary and 15 % of primary organic aerosols, 14 % of ammonium aerosols and less than 3 % of black carbon. The analysis of the anthropogenic and biomass burning aerosols shows a positive trend for all aerosols simulated by CESM-MAM7.
Vertical Dependence of Horizontal Variation of Cloud Microphysics: Observations from the ACE-ENA field campaign and implications for warm rain simulation in climate models
Authors: Zhang Zhibo , Song Qianqian , Mechem David , Larson Vincent , Wang Jian , Liu Yangang , Witte Mikael , Dong Xiquan , Wu Peng
Published: August 2020

Abstract. In the current global climate models (GCM), the nonlinearity effect of subgrid cloud variations on the parameterization of warm rain process, e.g., the autoconversion rate, is often treated by multiplying the resolved-scale warm ran process rates by a so-called enhancement factor (EF). In this study, we investigate the subgrid-scale horizontal variations and covariation of cloud water content (qc) and cloud droplet number concentration (Nc) in marine boundary layer (MBL) clouds based on the in-situ measurements from a recent field campaign, and study the implications for the autoconversion rate EF in GCMs. Based on a few carefully selected cases from the field campaign, we found that in contrast to the enhancing effect of qc and Nc variations that tends to make EF > 1, the strong positive correlation between qc and Nc results in a suppressing effect that makes tends to make EF
Participation of women scientists in ESA solar system missions: a historical trend
Authors: Piccialli Arianna , Rathbun Julie A. , Levasseur-Regourd Anny-Chantal , Määttänen Anni , Milillo Anna , Rengel Miriam , Rotundi Alessandra , Taylor Matt , Witasse Olivier , Altieri Francesca , Drossart Pierre , Vandaele Ann Carine
Published: August 2020

Abstract. We analyzed the participation of women scientists in 10 ESA (European Space Agency) Solar System missions over a period of 38 years. Being part of a spacecraft mission science team can be considered a proxy to measure the “success” in the field. Participation of women in PI (Principal Investigators) teams varied between 4 % and 25 %, with several missions with no women as PI. The percentage of female scientists as Co-I (Co-Investigators) is always less than 16 %. This number is lower than the percentage of women in the International Astronomical Union from all ESA's Member State (24 %), which can give us an indication of the percentage of women in the field. We encountered many difficulties to gather the data for this study. The list of team members were not always easily accessible. An additional difficulty was to determine the percentage of female scientists in planetary science in Europe. We would like to encourage the planetary community as a whole, as well as international organizations, universities and societies to continuously gather statistics over many years. Detailed statistics are only the first step to closely monitor the development of achievement gaps and initiate measures to tackle potential causes of inequity, leading to gender inequalities in STEM careers.
Cultural Origins of Japan’s Premodern Night Soil Collection System
Authors: Szczygiel Marta E.
Published: August 2020

Night soil collecting was practiced to different extents wherever urbanization developed. For example, Japan relied on human waste as fertilizer to the point it became a profitable business, while in most Western countries it was considered a necessary evil. What is the reason behind such different attitudes? In this paper, I apply David Inglis’ theory of a mode of excretion to premodern Japanese context in order to shed light on this phenomenon. First, informed by Mary Douglas, I propose slight alternations to the original theoretical framework of a mode of excretion so it emphasizes considerations of excreta in a culture’s cosmology. Next, I examine scatological content in the oldest chronicle of Japan: Kojiki. Based on the analysis, I conclude the Japanese traditional notion of defecation is non-binary—it includes both positive and negative understandings of excrement. Most importantly, the notion lacks moral stigmatization; excrement is not kegare. Then, I characterize how defecation was practiced. Contrary to present norms, it was conducted relatively out in the open, without strict regularization. I argue it was because the notion was not stigmatized, thus there was no need to be particularly embarrassed about the body’s excretory capacities. Finally, I conclude the holistic approach to the notion and practice of defecation in Japan’s traditional fecal habitus is the reason why human waste could be viewed as productive and not merely an object of disgust. Thus, because of this cultural encoding, traditional means of excretory disposal in Japan relied on night soil collection.
Are Social Media Sites a Platform for Formal or Informal learning? Students’ Experiences in Institutions of Higher Education
Authors: Mpungose Cedric Bheki
Published: August 2020

By being oblivious to the recent paradigm shift from formal learning to informal learning platforms, higher education institutions (HEIs) disadvantage student learning in the digital age. With the aim of bringing awareness of the need to shift from the use of learning management systems (LMS) to social media sites (SMS), this study explores students’ experiences of the use of SMS for learning science modules. This qualitative interpretive case study was carried out at two universities, with electronic reflective activities, Zoom focus group interviews and WhatsApp one-on-one semi-structured interviews used to generate data. The sample was a total of 47 students purposively selected from science modules in a teacher education programme at two schools of education, one in South Africa and one in the United States of America. Data were thematically analysed and framed by social constructivism and connectivism. Findings indicated that learning of science modules is mainly through LMS, at the expense of SMS which are preferred by the students. The study concludes that since SMS are used effectively for students’ communication and collaboration outside of the lecture hall, then HEIs need to shift to thinking about bringing these SMS inside and putting them to use for effective learning.
Prevalence Causes of Stress and Coping Strategies Among Malaysian University Lecturers
Authors: Isa Khairunesa , Palpanadan Sarala Thulasi
Published: August 2020

As an academician, lecturers are tied to job scope that are related to teaching and learning, research, publication, consultancy, and community services. All these tasks have occasional loads and excessive load may cause stress to lecturers. This study was conducted to identify the level of Malaysian lecturers’ stress and the major prevalence causes of stress among them. In addition, the relationship between stressor factors to the lecturers’ stress was tested as well. A total of 609 lecturers from four Malaysian Public University were randomly selected as respondents. The findings showed that Malaysian lecturers experienced stress at low levels. Three main factors which included the university factor, social factor and individual factor had significant relationships to lecturers’ stress. In addition, work load, work environment, networking, health, and financial factors also were seen as major prevalences that contributed to the lecturers’ stress issue
Czech Republic consensus on recommendations to prevent and manage extravasation (paravasation) of cytotoxic drugs
Authors: Vokurka Samuel , Manasek Viktor , Navratilova Hrabankova Darja , Sipova Simona , Sustkova Zuzana , Turkova Lenka , Hajnova Fukasova Erika , Sykorova Zuzana , Kozakova Sarka , Wintnerova Jitka
Published: August 2020

Extravasation (paravasation) of cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs represents a very important complication in oncology nursing. Prevention and proper care can reduce the risk of extravasation and its consequences. A consensus on chemotherapy extravasation management have been reached within twenty seven oncology and haemato-oncology centres in the Czech Republic. Ensuring reliable, safe venous access, choice of injection site, venous line control, and patient education are integral and very important parts of care. DMSO (99%) is recommended for topical application after extravasation of anthracyclines, mitomycin C and cisplatin. Dry cold should be applied in case of DMSO-treated cisplatin extravasation, anthracyclines, mitomycin C and in extravasations of all other cytotoxic drugs (except for those with recommended dry heat applications). Dry heat is to be applied in cases of extravasation of oxaliplatin, taxanes and vinca-alkaloids. Hyaluronidase applied subcutaneously around the extravasation is recommended in the case of extravasation of taxanes and vinca-alkaloids. Dexrazoxane i.v. can be used when dealing with extravasation of anthracyclines. Corticosteroids applied subcutaneously, moist heat or cooling, are not recommended.
City centre development in the light of the revised building technical requirements
Authors: Antoniak - Tęskna Patrycja
Published: August 2020

The article addresses the issue of significance and consequences of the amendment to the legal
definition of the “city centre development” concept, introduced as of 1 January 2018 under
the amendment to the Polish Regulation concerning building technical requirements to be
met by buildings and their location. The article focuses on the impact of this amendment on
modern housing development, paying particular attention to the significant modification introduced
thereby in the status of studies of spacial development conditions and directions in
communes. It indicates interpretation doubts arising from the performance of classification
of a given development as a city centre development under the provisions adopted before the
above-mentioned amendment to the planning documents were indicated, as well as suggests
ways of solving problems resulting from these doubts in accordance with the rules of interpretation
of the provisions of law, whose legitimacy is based on applicable statutory and constitutional
regulations.
Freedom of development and its limitations in the procedure for issuing decisions on land development and management conditions
Authors: Stankiewicz Rafał
Published: August 2020

The purpose of the article is to present legal conditions for land development in the absence
of a local plan for real estate as the most important right resulting from the ownership right
to real estate. The provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and the Act on spatial
planning and development (i.e. Journal of Laws of 2020, item 293) constitute the legal basis
of deliberations included in the article.
This issue is shown in the broad context of the constitutional boundaries of limitations
of the ownership right and the related need to protect rights of the real estate owner to develop
land and, at the same time, to ensure the protection of the public interest and third parties’
rights. The freedom of development is presented in this perspective as a public subjective right
to freedom, in relation to which the necessary limitations may only be introduced by means
of legal measures which are the least burdensome for an entity and to the extent necessary
for ensuring an adequate level of protection of these interests, without infringing the essence
of the ownership right.
In the procedure for issuing conditions of the land development and management, the
authority introducing them always has to balance public interest with the investor’s individual
interest, as well as the legitimate interest of neighbouring real estate owners. In this context, a
wide review of the statutory provisions setting out the boundaries of freedom of development
was carried out and the need to take into account the principle of proportionality in their interpretation
was indicated.
The article also analyses the role of the principle of freedom of development as the most
important interpretation standard in the process of applying the provisions on spatial management
in the context of such concepts as the principle of good neighbourliness, the need to
maintain spatial order or issues concerning the compliance of the new investment’s functions
with the existing development, as well as the important role of the case-law in interpreting
and clarifying these statutory concepts. The freedom of development and its limitations
are shown from the perspective of a broader issue of the relationship between the freedom
of the entity (the ownership right and the related right to use the real estate through its development)
and the need to guarantee the necessary scope of protection of the public interest
and the legitimate interest of other entities.
The real estate encumbered with a mortgage as the object of proceedings for the division of joint property in the light of the case law of the Supreme Court
Authors: Niewiadomski Tomasz , Spalińska Kamila
Published: August 2020

In proceedings for the division of joint property after the cessation of the joint marital property,
the court’s main duties include the determination, ex officio, of not only the components, but
also the value of individual components of the property. The determination of the value becomes
complex, e.g. when the property consists of real estate on which a mortgage securing the
bank’s receivables under a mortgage loan agreement has been established. This issue has a deep
practical significance and, as a result, it was analysed in numerous judgements of the Supreme
Court. However, at the moment it may be concluded that the line of case law indicating lack of
necessity to take into account the mortgage burden in determining the value of the real estate
has been established.
Authors present the Supreme Court’s evolving approach to the issue of the mortgage
impact on the value of real estate being the subject of division into co-owners’ obligations towards
the bank under a mortgage loan agreement and the court’s obligation to determine the
value of assets subject to the division. They also raise the issue of the effects of the division of
assets consisting of the real estate encumbered with a mortgage for settlements of ex-spouses
as borrowers in the context of Article 618 of the Polish Code of Civil Procedure.
Anti-crisis measures in the area of and and mortgage registers in the countries associated in ELRA in response to the COVID-19 threats – preliminary study (Part I)
Authors: Rękawek - Pachwicewicz Marta
Published: August 2020

The author describes what anti-crisis measures have been taken in the real estate registers of
the European Union Member States in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in
the context of the important socially and economically important role they play in the real estate
market. The study describes and analyse the results of the Special Measures COVID-19 in EU
Land Registries survey conducted in 26 European countries that have representatives in
the European Land Registry Association (ELRA) in Brussels. The research mainly referred
to the solutions they used in the sphere of organizational change, law or financial issues
in connection with conducting anti-crisis policy. Due to the early and developmental stage
of the pandemic, the research presented in the first part of the article is preliminary, and the
announcement of their continuation in the interval of several months gives the opportunity to
develop the topic in the second part of the publication. These studies should be deepened
by comparing the direction of development of the organization and legislative changes affecting
the area of and books in the chosen countries also with regard to the gradual return to regular
work after the end of the pandemic and mechanisms to prevent the effects of the economic
crisis arising as its result. The illustration and justification of the trend should be statistical data
illustrating the work of registers and the resulting trend in real estate transactions and interest
in the mortgage market, including traffic in starting bankruptcy procedures.
In the further part of the study, reference is made to the detailed solutions used in these
countries, including the use of modern technologies, as an ally in the search for quick and effective
solutions that enable the conduct of existing procedures with virtually no major changes.
In addition, a downward trend in the impact of applications for entry in the land books of most
of ELRA countries that was recorded in property registers was described.
Then, organizational and legal solutions were assessed in Polish land and mortgage
registers against a European background in order to come to the conclusion that the further
process of computerization of land and mortgage registers should be quickly undertaken for
implementation. This is due to the belief that the stability of land registers in European countries
also depends on the degree of their computerization and the ability to work using an
electronic procedure, based mainly on the digitization of land and mortgage register records
and electronic documents.
A Packet Delivery Cost Analysis of a Flow-Enabled Proxy NEMO Scheme in a Distributed Mobility Anchoring Environment
Authors: Islam Shayla , Hasan Mohammad Kamrul , Hashim Aisha Hassan Abdalla
Published: August 2020

DMM (Distributed Mobility Management) is a present elective worldview for creating a mobility management scheme to discourse the centralized issues in present IP-based mobile environments. The main reason is to enable these schemes to adapt to the present increment in the number of mobile operators, as well as mobile information traffic size, just as the pattern in the mobile Internet towards Industry 4.0 in a flat architecture. Until this point, the advancement of schemes dependent on the DMM-based method is still at fundamental phases in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), as well as there is no present standard set up. With the point of taking advantage of utilizing different interfaces all at once, this paper proposes an enhanced Flow-enabled Proxy NEMO scheme in a Distributed Mobility Anchoring (FPNEMO-DMA) environment. Besides, a mathematical approach is advanced to assess the performance of the proposed FPNEMO-DMA scheme and benchmark with the existing Nemo Basic Support Protocol (NBSP) and Proxy NEMO.
Ethics Beyond Transparency
Authors: Sheehey Bonnie ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2020

This paper responds to recent work highlighting the problematic racial politics of predictive policing technologies. Drawing on Michel Foucault’s account of ethics as counter-conduct, I develop a set of ethical techniques for resisting the racial injustice at work in predictive policing. This framework has the advantage, I argue, of not reducing the ethical issues of predictive policing solely to epistemic concerns of transparency. What I suggest is that we think about the ethics of technology less as an epistemic problem than as a problem for action or practice. By thinking of ethics in terms of resistant practices, we can begin to consider a notion of responsibility that holds us and the technologies we bind ourselves to accountable for the harms created by this bond.
Ni absoluta, ni exclusiva. Una reconstrucción de la concepción de la propiedad jeffersoniana
Authors: Laín Bru
Published: August 2020

Este texto aborda la concepción de la propiedad republicana-jeffersoniana y defiende que el principio político-filosófico que subyace a la misma es el del pacto fiduciario. Para ello se exponen las características de las relaciones fiduciarias diferenciándolas a su vez de las contractuales. Para ilustrar este tipo de relaciones, se abordan dos casos de estudio estrechamente relacionados en el republicanismo de Jefferson: las instituciones políticas y la propiedad. Se pretende así mostrar que su concepción republicana-fiduciaria es la que alimenta el principio de la “utilidad pública” de la propiedad privada presente todavía hoy en el constitucionalismo moderno y democrático.

This paper addresses the Jeffersonian-republican conception of property and defends that the political-philosophical principle that underlies it is that of the fiduciary agreement. In order to do so, the characteristics of fiduciary relationships are exposed, differentiating them from the contractual ones. To illustrate this type of relationships, two closely related case studies in Jefferson’s republicanism are addressed: political institutions and property. The aim is thus show that his republican-fiduciary rationale is the one that feeds the principle of eminent domain of private property which is still present in modern and democratic constitutionalism.
Looking for democracy in fiduciary government. Historical notes on an unsettled relationship (ca. 1520-1650)
Authors: Guerrero David
Published: August 2020

Una perspectiva reciente sobre los fundamentos normativos del derecho público ha propuesto concebir las relaciones entre ciudadanía y Estado como una “relación fiduciaria”, usando deberes fiduciarios del ámbito iusprivado para justificar limitaciones jurídicas y morales al poder del Estado. La gobernanza fiduciaria también ha sido señalada como una característica distintiva del republicanismo y la soberanía popular, ya que sitúa a la comunidad política como fideicomitente y beneficiaria de cualquier acto administrativo. En este artículo se revisan algunas concepciones protomodernas del gobierno considerando sus justificaciones explícitamente fiduciarias. Concluye con una interpretación fiduciaria del iusnaturalismo Leveller, especialmente necesario para entender (y puede que restaurar) la relación de la gobernanza fiduciaria con la democracia.

 

A recent perspective on the normative foundations of public law has proposed to conceive citizen-state relationships as a “fiduciary relationship”, using private-law fiduciary duties to justify legal and moral constrains on state power. Fiduciary governance has also been pointed as a distinct feature of republicanism and popular sovereignty, since it places the political community as trustor and beneficiary of any administrative act. This paper reviews some early modern conceptions of government considering their explicit fiduciary justifications. It concludes with a fiduciary account of Leveller natural law, especially needed to understand (and maybe to restore) the relationship between fiduciary governance and democracy.
Thomas Skidmore et le droit de transmettre et d’hériter
Authors: Spitz Jean-Fabien
Published: August 2020

Nacido en 1790 y fallecido en 1932 víctima de la pandemia de cólera, Thomas Skidmore es uno de los principales representantes del agrarismo en los Estados Unidos de la primera mitad del siglo XIX. Inspirado por las ideas desarrolladas por Thomas Paine en Agrarian Justice, en 1829 publicó el libro The rights of Man to property en el que desarrolla las consecuencias de la idea según la cual, siendo el mundo una propiedad común de todos los hombres, cada uno tiene un derecho imprescriptible a una parte igual de los recursos naturales. Entre estas consecuencias figura la tesis de que este derecho hace imposible todo derecho a testar, pues tal derecho haría de todo punto imposible que cada nuevo individuo incorporado tuviera acceso a la justa parte de propiedad a la que tendría derecho. Skidmore elabora así una teoría precisa acerca de las razones por las que el testador, tras su muerte, no puede tener derecho alguno sobre los bienes de los que fue propietario en vida.

Born in 1790 and victim of the cholera pandemics in 1832, Thomas Skidmore is one of the main representatives of agrarianism in the United states during the first half of the XIXth century. Inspired by the principles Thomas Paine had put forth in Agrarian justice, Skidmore publishes in 1829 a book entitled The rights of man to property in which he states the consequences of the idea that, the world being the common property of all men, every individual has an imprescriptible right to an equal share of natural resources. Among those consequences is the claim that such a principle makes any right of bequest and inheritance absolutely impossible, since such a right would make it impossible that each new individual arriving in the world has an effective right of access to the just share of property he is entitled to. Skidmore builds in consequence a precise explanation of the reasons why the testator, after his death, can no longer have any right over the properties he owned during his lifetime.
Relaciones fiduciarias, libertad política, derecho a la existencia
Authors: Gauthier Florence
Published: August 2020

En 1789, la convocatoria de los Estados Generales despertó el entusiasmo del pueblo al convertir las “comunas” en el lugar de ejercicio de su soberanía, vinculándolo al sistema electoral de los agentes de confianza revocables. En 1793-1794, la guerra civil, liderada por la aristocracia de los ricos contra la cultura política popular, no pudo impedir ni la redistribución de tierras ni el programa de economía política popular. La República montagnarde (“montañesa”) de 1794, a pesar de su brevedad, aprobó una constitución comunal basada en las relaciones de confianza entre el pueblo y sus mandatarios, que ha sido imposible olvidar.

1789, the Convocation of the Etats-generaux created a popular enthusiasm who transformed the communes in the place of the exercise of his sovereignty, bound with the electoral system of removable trustee.

The civil war, leaded by the wealthy aristocracy against the popular political culture, was not able to prevent neither the redistribution of land property, nor the popular political economy programme, in 1793-94. The Montagnarde Commonwealth of 1794, however brief was its term, experimented a communal constitution, founded on trusteeship between the people and his mandatories, which will be never forgotten.
Estudos de implementação de políticas públicas: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Mota Luis F.
Published: August 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma revisão crítica da literatura sobre os Estudos de Implementação de Políticas Públicas, de forma a contribuir para o desenvolvimento desta disciplina em Portugal. A relevância desta análise decorre de a implementação ser ainda pouco estudada no país, sobretudo numa vertente processual, mesmo sendo frequentemente apontada como das principais lacunas da governação pública nacional. O artigo começa por analisar os principais contributos das diferentes gerações de estudos e dos desenvolvimentos recentes da disciplina, concluindo com algumas pistas sobre como desenvolver investigação nesta área disciplinar.
Caterpillar-induced rice volatiles provide enemy-free space for the offspring of the brown planthopper
Authors: Hu Xiaoyun , Su Shuangli , Liu Qingsong , Jiao Yaoyu , Peng Yufa , Li Yunhe , Turlings Ted CJ
Published: August 2020

Plants typically release large quantities of volatiles in response to herbivory by insects. This benefits the plants by, for instance, attracting the natural enemies of the herbivores. We show that the brown planthopper (BPH) has cleverly turned this around by exploiting herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that provide safe havens for its offspring. BPH females preferentially oviposit on rice plants already infested by the rice striped stem borer (SSB), which are avoided by the egg parasitoid Anagrus nilaparvatae, the most important natural enemy of BPH. Using synthetic versions of volatiles identified from plants infested by BPH and/or SSB, we demonstrate the role of HIPVs in these interactions. Moreover, greenhouse and field cage experiments confirm the adaptiveness of the BPH oviposition strategy, resulting in 80% lower parasitism rates of its eggs. Besides revealing a novel exploitation of HIPVs, these findings may lead to novel control strategies against an exceedingly important rice pest.
A theory of joint attractor dynamics in the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex accounts for artificial remapping and grid cell field-to-field variability
Authors: Agmon Haggai , Burak Yoram
Published: August 2020

The representation of position in the mammalian brain is distributed across multiple neural populations. Grid cell modules in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) express activity patterns that span a low-dimensional manifold which remains stable across different environments. In contrast, the activity patterns of hippocampal place cells span distinct low-dimensional manifolds in different environments. It is unknown how these multiple representations of position are coordinated. Here, we develop a theory of joint attractor dynamics in the hippocampus and the MEC. We show that the system exhibits a coordinated, joint representation of position across multiple environments, consistent with global remapping in place cells and grid cells. In addition, our model accounts for recent experimental observations that lack a mechanistic explanation: variability in the firing rate of single grid cells across firing fields, and artificial remapping of place cells under depolarization, but not under hyperpolarization, of layer II stellate cells of the MEC.
A Sec14-like phosphatidylinositol transfer protein paralog defines a novel class of heme-binding proteins
Authors: Khan Danish , Lee Dongju , Gulten Gulcin , Aggarwal Anup , Wofford Joshua , Krieger Inna , Tripathi Ashutosh , Patrick John W , Eckert Debra M , Laganowsky Arthur , Sacchettini James , Lindahl Paul , Bankaitis Vytas A
Published: August 2020

Yeast Sfh5 is an unusual member of the Sec14-like phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (PITP) family. Whereas PITPs are defined by their abilities to transfer phosphatidylinositol between membranes in vitro, and to stimulate phosphoinositide signaling in vivo, Sfh5 does not exhibit these activities. Rather, Sfh5 is a redox-active penta-coordinate high spin FeIIIhemoprotein with an unusual heme-binding arrangement that involves a co-axial tyrosine/histidine coordination strategy and a complex electronic structure connecting the open shell irond-orbitals with three aromatic ring systems. That Sfh5 is not a PITP is supported by demonstrations that heme is not a readily exchangeable ligand, and that phosphatidylinositol-exchange activity is resuscitated in heme binding-deficient Sfh5 mutants. The collective data identify Sfh5 as the prototype of a new class of fungal hemoproteins, and emphasize the versatility of the Sec14-fold as scaffold for translating the binding of chemically distinct ligands to the control of diverse sets of cellular activities.
MARCH8 inhibits viral infection by two different mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Yanzhao , Tada Takuya , Ozono Seiya , Kishigami Satoshi , Fujita Hideaki , Tokunaga Kenzo
Published: August 2020

Membrane-associated RING-CH 8 (MARCH8) inhibits infection with both HIV-1 and vesicular stomatitis virus G-glycoprotein (VSV-G)-pseudotyped viruses by reducing virion incorporation of envelope glycoproteins. The molecular mechanisms by which MARCH8 targets envelope glycoproteins remain unknown. Here, we show two different mechanisms by which MARCH8 inhibits viral infection. Viruses pseudotyped with the VSV-G mutant, in which cytoplasmic lysine residues were mutated, were insensitive to the inhibitory effect of MARCH8, whereas those with a similar lysine mutant of HIV-1 Env remained sensitive to it. Indeed, the wild-type VSV-G, but not its lysine mutant, was ubiquitinated by MARCH8. Furthermore, the MARCH8 mutant, which had a disrupted cytoplasmic tyrosine motif that is critical for intracellular protein sorting, did not inhibit HIV-1 Env-mediated infection, while it still impaired infection by VSV-G-pseudotyped viruses. Overall, we conclude that MARCH8 reduces viral infectivity by downregulating envelope glycoproteins through two different mechanisms mediated by a ubiquitination-dependent or tyrosine motif-dependent pathway.
Antibacterial activity and mechanism of sanguinarine againstProvidencia rettgeriin vitro
Authors: Zhang Qian , Lyu Yansi , Huang Jingkai , Zhang Xiaodong , Yu Na , Wen Ziping , Chen Si
Published: August 2020

Background

Sanguinarine (SAG), a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, occurs inPapaveraceas,BerberidaceaeandRanunculaceaefamilies. Studies have found that SAG has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities in several malignancies and that it exhibits robust antibacterial activities. However, information reported on the action of SAG againstProvidencia rettgeriis limited in the literature. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of SAG againstP. rettgeriin vitro.

Methods

The agar dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of SAG againstP. rettgeri. The intracellular ATP concentration, intracellular pH (pHin), and cell membrane integrity and potential were measured. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and crystal violet staining were used to measure the antibiofilm formation of SAG.

Results

The MIC of SAG againstP. rettgeriwas 7.8 μg/mL. SAG inhibited the growth ofP. rettgeriand destroyed the integrity ofP. rettgericell membrane, as reflected mainly through the decreases in the intracellular ATP concentration, pHinand cell membrane potential and significant changes in cellular morphology. The findings of CLSM, FESEM and crystal violet staining indicated that SAG exhibited strong inhibitory effects on the biofilm formation ofP. rettgeriand led to the inactivity of biofilm-relatedP. rettgericells.
Generalized joint hypermobility among school-aged children in Majmaah region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Sirajudeen Mohamed Sherif , Waly Mohamed , Alqahtani Mazen , Alzhrani Msaad , Aldhafiri Fahad , Muthusamy Hariraja , Unnikrishnan Radhakrishnan , Saibannavar Rashmi , Alrubaia Wafa , Nambi Gopal
Published: August 2020

Generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) is common among schoolchildren and usually benign. However, it may progressively lead to joint pain and developmental delay. Identifying GJH in school-aged children would facilitate the monitoring of early changes and planning for early rehabilitative intervention. Epidemiological studies addressing the prevalence of GJH among children in the Gulf region and Arab ethnicity are lacking. Hence, we aimed to determine the prevalence, pattern, and factors associated with GJH among school-aged children in the Majmaah region, Saudi Arabia. Male and female school-aged children 8–14 years of age from the Majmaah region of Saudi Arabia participated in this cross-sectional study. Beighton score was used to assess GJH. Personal characteristics such as age, height, weight, body mass index, and handedness were also collected. Descriptive statistics were obtained for personal characteristics, the point prevalence of hypermobility, frequency of Beighton score distribution, and prevalence of GJH. The associations between specific factors and the presence of GJH were analyzed using chi-square and Mann-whitney tests. Using the Beighton score cutoff ≥ 4 and ≥ 6, 15.2% and 7.6% of the school children in our study were diagnosed with GJH respectively. The prevalence of GJH was higher among females (16.8%) than among males (13.4%), but the difference was not statistically significant. The elbow joints (17.2%) were the most common hypermobile joints and the trunk (0.7%) was the least involved. The children with GJH were younger and had lesser BMI compared to children without GJH (P < 0.05). The prevalence reported in this study among school-aged children was comparable with those reported worldwide.