bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microstructure evolution of TC4 powder by spark plasma sintering after hot deformation
Authors: Yan Jiangpeng , Zhang Zhimin , Xu Jian , Wu Yaojin , Zhao Xi , Xue Yong , Liu Haijun
Published: September 2020

The cylindrical samples of TC4 titanium alloy prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) were compressed with hot deformation of 70% on the thermosimulation machine of Gleeble-1500. The temperature of the processes ranged from 850°C to 1,050°C, and the strain rates varied between 0.001 and 5 s−1. The relative density of the sintered and compressed samples was measured by the Archimedes principle. During hot deformation, the microstructure of the sample was observed. The results show that the average relative density of the samples was 90.2% after SPS. And the relative density was about 98% after the hot deformation of 70%. Under high temperature (>950°C), the sensitivity of flow stress to temperature was reduced. At low strain rate (0.001 s−1), the increase in the deformation temperature promoted the growth of dynamic recrystallization (DRX). At the same temperature, the increase in strain rate slowed down the growth of DRX grains. And the variation tendency was shown from the basket-weave structure to the Widmanstätten structure at a low strain rate (<0.1 s−1), with increase in the strain rate.
Simultaneously identifying the thermal conductivity and radiative coefficient in heat equation from Dirichlet and Neumann boundary measured outputs
Authors: Hasanov Alemdar
Published: September 2020

This paper deals with an inverse coefficient problem of simultaneously identifying the thermal conductivity

k
⁢

(
x
)

k(x)

and radiative coefficient

q
⁢

(
x
)

q(x)

in the 1D heat equation

u
t

=

(

k
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

u
x

)

x

-

q
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
u

u_{t}=(k(x)u_{x})_{x}-q(x)u

from the most available Dirichlet and Neumann boundary measured outputs.
The Neumann-to-Dirichlet and Neumann-to-Neumann operators

Φ
⁢

[
k
,
q
]

⁢

(
t
)

:=

u
⁢

(
ℓ
,
t
;
k
,
q
)

\Phi[k,q](t):=u(\ell,t;k,q)

,

Ψ
⁢

[
k
,
q
]

⁢

(
t
)

:=

-

k
⁢

(
0
)

⁢

u
x

⁢

(
0
,
t
;
k
,
q
)

\Psi[k,q](t):=-k(0)u_{x}(0,t;k,q)

are introduced, and main properties of these operators are derived.
Then the Tikhonov functional

J
⁢

(
k
,
q
)

=

1
2

⁢

∥

Φ
⁢

[
k
,
q
]

-
ν

∥

L
2

⁢

(
0
,
T
)

2

+

1
2

⁢

∥

Ψ
⁢

[
k
,
q
]

-
φ

∥

L
2

⁢

(
0
,
T
)

2

J(k,q)=\tfrac{1}{2}\lVert\Phi[k,q]-\nu\rVert^{2}_{L^{2}(0,T)}+\tfrac{1}{2}\lVert\Psi[k,q]-\varphi\rVert^{2}_{L^{2}(0,T)}

of two functions

k
⁢

(
x
)

k(x)

and

q
⁢

(
x
)

q(x)

is introduced, and an existence of a quasi-solution of the inverse coefficient problem is proved.
An explicit formula for the Fréchet gradient of the Tikhonov functional is derived through the weak solutions of two appropriate adjoint problems.
Crystal structure of chlorido-(η
5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)-(4-chloro-4-pyridyl-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine-κ2N,N′) rhodium(III) hexaflourophosphate, C31H29Cl2F6N3PRh
Authors: Gichumbi Joel M. , Zamisa Sizwe J. , Friedrich Holger B.
Published: September 2020

C31H29Cl2F6N3PRh, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.4069(7) Å, b = 13.245(1) Å, c = 32.141(3) Å, β = 93.924(2)°, V = 3145.8(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0386, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0962, T = 123.15 K.
Facile growth of aluminum oxide thin film by chemical liquid deposition and its application in devices
Authors: Li Dianlun , Ruan Lu , Sun Jie , Wu Chaoxing , Yan Ziwen , Lin Jintang , Yan Qun
Published: September 2020

Uniform and continuous Al2O3 thin films were prepared by the chemical liquid deposition (CLD) method. The breakdown field strength of the amorphous CLD-Al2O3 film is 1.74 MV/cm, making it could be used as a candidate dielectric film for electronic devices. It was further proposed to use the CLD-Al2O3 film as an electron blocking layer in a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for output performances enhancement. Output voltages and currents of about 200 V and 9 µA were obtained, respectively, which were 2.6 times and 3 times, respectively, higher than TENG device without an Al2O3. A colloidal condensation-based procedure controlled by adjusting the pH value of the solution was proposed to be the mechanism of CLD, which was confirmed by the Tyndall effect observed in the growth liquid. The results indicated that the CLD could serve as a low-cost, room temperature, nontoxic and facile new method for the growth of functional thin films for semiconductor device applications.
Impact of Domestic and Transboundary Conflicts on Militarization
Authors: Abbas Hafiz Syed Mohsin , Xu Xiaodong , Sun Chunxia , Ullah Saif , Raza Muhammad Ahsan Ali
Published: September 2020

Security issues are the global concern nowadays, which triggers government spending on military equipment and supply chain. This paper analyzes the global perspective of cohesion indicators on Militarization by using 177 countries panel data from the Years 2011-2018 based on middle/lower and high-income groups. By applied OLS and Fixed Effect modelling, we explored the idea that Group Grievance and Population Growth Rate have a significant impact on Militarization in both income groups worldwide. However, middle/lower income group’s Militarization is more fragile than high-income groups due to state cohesion. It further analyses that Security Apparatus and Fractionalization Elite are significant in Middle/ lower-income countries and have an insignificant impact on Militarization in high-income countries. In the end, the study suggested that the United Nations must keenly observe the militarization trends of the less fragile states by considering global peace concerns and should play its role to resolve the bilateral conflicts in the region to maintain world peace environment.
Conocimiento cultural como base para la construcción de identidad nacional. Un análisis del discurso de la prensa sobre el default de 2014 en Argentina
Authors: Mwangi Simone
Published: September 2020

Economic and political crisis situations are interpreted differently in different societies and cultures. What is perceived as a major threat in one society can be experienced as an everyday occurrence in other societies. This shows that crises are not issues that exist independently of people, but that they are to a large extent the result of social interpretations. An example of how a community interprets events as a surmountable challenge, rather than a crisis, is Argentina’s public discourse on the 2014 default. Instead of a discourse that concentrates on economic, political and social problems, the event provoked a political discourse on national identity. The present paper uses the methods of descriptive discourse analysis to study this solution-driven way of handling crisis events. The investigation focuses on the cultural knowledge and discourse traditions used in Argentina to interpret the country’s situation in the summer of 2014. The study analyzes how these cultural and linguistic resources contribute to coping with the situation of default while strengthening national identity.
BDMC protects AD in vitro via AMPK and SIRT1
Authors: Xu Chenlin , Xiao Zijian , Wu Heng , Zhou Guijuan , He Duanqun , Chang Yunqian , Li Yihui , Wang Gang , Xie Ming
Published: September 2020

Background

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder without any satisfactory therapeutic approaches. AD is mainly characterized by the deposition of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and extensive neuronal cell death. Curcumin, with anti-oxidative stress (OS) and cell apoptosis properties, plays essential roles in AD. However, whether bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), a derivative of curcumin, can exert a neuroprotective effect in AD remains to be elucidated.

Methods

In this study, SK-N-SH cells were used to establish an in vitro model to investigate the effects of BDMC on the Aβ1–42-induced neurotoxicity. SK-N-SH cells were pretreated with BDMC and with or without compound C and EX527 for 30 min after co-incubation with rotenone for 24 h. Subsequently, western blotting, cell viability assay and SOD and GSH activity measurement were performed.

Results

BDMC increased the cell survival, anti-OS ability, AMPK phosphorylation levels and SIRT1 in SK-N-SH cells treated with Aβ1–42. However, after treatment with compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, and EX527, an SIRT1inhibitor, the neuroprotective roles of BDMC on SK-N-SH cells treated with Aβ1–42 were inhibited.

Conclusion

These results suggest that BDMC exerts a neuroprotective role on SK-N-SH cells in vitro via AMPK/SIRT1 signaling, laying the foundation for the application of BDMC in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases related to AMPK/SIRT1 signaling.
Foam Rolling Prescription: A Clinical Commentary
Authors: Behm David G. , Alizadeh Shahab , Hadjizadeh Anvar Saman , Mahmoud Mohamed Mamdouh Ibrahim , Ramsay Emma , Hanlon Courtney , Cheatham Scott
Published: September 2020

Behm, DG, Alizadeh, S, Hadjizadeh Anvar, S, Mahmoud, MMI, Ramsay, E, Hanlon, C, and Cheatham, S. Foam rolling prescription: a clinical commentary. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3301–3308, 2020—Although the foam rolling and roller massage literature generally reports acute increases in range of motion (ROM) with either trivial or small performance improvements, there is little information regarding appropriate rolling prescription. The objective of this literature review was to appraise the evidence and provide the best prescriptive recommendations for rolling to improve ROM and performance. The recommendations represent studies with the greatest magnitude effect size increases in ROM and performance. A systematic search of the rolling-related literature found in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was conducted using related terms such as foam rolling, roller massage, ROM, flexibility, performance, and others. From the measures within articles that monitored ROM (25), strength (41), jump (41), fatigue (67), and sprint (62) variables; regression correlations and predictive quadratic equations were formulated for number of rolling sets, repetition frequency, set duration, and rolling intensity. The analysis revealed the following conclusions. To achieve the greatest ROM, the regression equations predicted rolling prescriptions involving 1–3 sets of 2–4-second repetition duration (time for a single roll in one direction over the length of a body part) with a total rolling duration of 30–120-second per set. Based on the fewer performance measures, there were generally trivial to small magnitude decreases in strength and jump measures. In addition, there was insufficient evidence to generalize on the effects of rolling on fatigue and sprint measures. In summary, relatively small volumes of rolling can improve ROM with generally trivial to small effects on strength and jump performance.
Cycle Counting for Variable-Amplitude Crack Growth
Authors: Socie D. F. , Kurath P.
Published: September 2020

Fatigue crack growth under variable-amplitude loading histories was investigated to determine the most appropriate cycle counting method. Simple loading histories were constructed to show the difference between fatigue life estimates based on the range and rainflow cycle counting methods. Two materials, Man-Ten and RQC-100, selected for this study were part of a cooperative testing program conducted by the Society of Automotive Engineers Fatigue Design and Evaluation Committee. The crack growth rate, da/dN, for the lower strength Man-Ten is not dependent on stress ratio, while the higher strength RQC-100 is dependent on stress ratio. Rainflow counting provided better estimates of the variable amplitude than range counting.
Effect of Some Secondary Test Variables on Fatigue Crack Growth
Authors: Rhodes D. , Radon J. C.
Published: September 2020

Tests have been carried out on two high-strength aluminum alloys, and crack propagation behavior has been studied for different values of stress ratio and cycling frequency, and also for different specimen thicknesses and configurations. The results are discussed in relation to a crack propagation model derived from R-curve theory.
Application of Resistance Curves to Crack at a Hole
Authors: Shows D. , Liu A. F. , FitzGerald J. H.
Published: September 2020

Fracture tests have been conducted on center-cracked specimens, and specimens containing a short crack at a circular hole, made of the 2024-T351 aluminum alloy. The test results have shown that the center-cracked specimen exhibits elastic behavior, whereas the cracked hole specimens exhibit elastic-plastic behavior. The slow stable crack growth record of the center-cracked specimen was presented in the form of a K-based (elastic) resistance curve. However, J-based (plastic) resistance curves were constructed for the cracked hole specimens. Despite the differences in fracture behavior, it was demonstrated that the resistance curves for all those specimens are equivalent. Therefore, it is concluded that by using a J-based analysis, the fracture stress in a plastic regime can be predicted from a K-based (elastic) material baseline resistance curve.
Fatigue Crack Growth Life Evaluation of the Turbine Blades in a Low-Pressure Steam Turbine
Authors: Smith S. H. , Ghadiali N. D.
Published: September 2020

The results of a fatigue crack growth life study of the service cracking in the dovetail notch roots of the turbine blades in the last stage of a low-pressure steam turbine are presented. After IS years or 91 518 service hours, the turbine was inspected for damage, and several cracked blades were found in the last stages of both spindles. Detailed stress analysis of the blade and rotor connection was accomplished by three-dimensional finite-element methods. Dynamic vibration analysis of the structural connection was also conducted. Environmental fatigue crack growth rate experiments were conducted using surface flawed specimens fabricated from the Type 403 stainless steel blades. The behavior in hotwell steam condensate showed acceleration over ambient laboratory air environment. Metallurgical and fractographic examination of several blade specimens showed that surface cracks emanated at the base of corrosion pits located at critically stressed locations in the dovetail notch roots. Fracture mechanics analysis showed that the applied ΔK level exceeded the threshold ΔKO level in hotwell steam condensate. Spectrum loading fatigue crack growth life analysis was conducted for the most critical location in the blade for a service spectrum consisting of hot start-up and shutdown cycles, small amplitude vibratory cycles due to steam flow, and an annual 20 percent overspeed. These results showed surface crack growth life to detectable size of 62 500 h and an inspection interval of 6750 h or 1 year of operation.
Application of a Numerical Procedure to Creep Crack Growth from Displacement Measurements in IN100
Authors: Hinnerichs T. , Palazotto A. , Nicholas T.
Published: September 2020

A hybrid experimental-numerical procedure was applied to creep crack growth studies to determine growth rates in IN100 at 732°C. The procedure uses high-precision displacement data together with a finite-clement model of the test specimen, which incorporates a realistic constitutive model of the material behavior. Primary and secondary creep as well as plasticity effects are accurately represented. The differences between experimentally measured displacements and those calculated from the analytical model were attributed to crack growth.

Numerical procedures were developed for tracking experimental displacement values and releasing nodes in the finite-clement model to account for crack growth. Numerical results for crack growth rates correlated well with measurements of crack extension from the fracture surfaces as well as with extrapolated values of growth rate from previous investigations.
Evaluation of J* Parameter for Creep Crack Growth in Type 316 Stainless Steel
Authors: Sadananda K. , Shahinian P.
Published: September 2020

The fracture mechanics approach to creep crack growth in Type 316 stainless steel at 593°C has been studied using compact tension and center-notched specimens. Crack growth rates were analyzed using the stress-intensity parameter K and strain energy rate parameter J*-integral to evaluate which of the two parameters correlates the growth rates better. The J* values were determined both by an elaborate data reduction scheme and by an analytical estimation procedure.

In terms of K the crack growth rates for the two specimen geometries form two distinct nonoverlapping bands indicating that K is not a valid parameter to characterize creep crack growth in this steel. In contrast, in terms of J* parameter, the growth rates overlap over a range of the parameter although there is considerable spread in the data. In spite of this spread, the J* parameter still is better than K to characterize the growth. The extent of the data spread in terms of J* is much larger than that observed at 650°C by other investigators. This larger spread at the lower temperature is attributed to the crack growth behavior, particularly to the formation of fissures at the crack tip, the nature and distribution of which varies with load.
Crack-Opening Displacement of Surface Cracks in Pipeline Steel Plates
Authors: Cheng Y. W. , McHenry H. I. , Read D. T.
Published: September 2020

A series of 30.4 by 10 by 1.6-cm tensile panels of an API SLX-70 pipeline steel with different surface crack lengths and depths were tested. Measured crack-mouth-opening displacements (CMOD) were compared with the predictions from linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) plus the modified critical crack-opening displacement (COD) model. Within the range of crack sizes and shapes studied, good agreement between the experimental data and the predictions from the LEFM plus the modified critical COD model was observed. Surface deformations observed in the neighborhood of the crack also are discussed. The surface deformation patterns were obtained through instrumentation of the specimen with electrical resistance strain gages and brittle lacquer. On the front surface of the specimen, the deformation patterns revealed by the brittle lacquer correlated well with the observed CMOD-stress relations. The highest strain regions on the back surface were about ± 45 deg from the plane of the crack emanating from the leading edge of the crack. The ligament yielding stress estimated from the modified critical COD model agreed well with the readings of the electrical resistance strain gages on the back surface.
Review and Applications of the Electric Potential Method for Measuring Crack Growth in Specimens, Flawed Pipes, and Pressure Vessels
Authors: Wilkowski G. M. , Maxey W. A.
Published: September 2020

A review of past applications has shown the direct-current electric potential (d-c EP) technique has been applied successfully to fatigue, high-temperature creep, stress-corrosion cracking, dynamic crack growth, stable ductile crack growth under monotonic loading, etc. The work presented herein shows that the d-c EP versus crack-mouth opening displacement record can be used to determine crack initiation under monotonic or sustained loading. This data recording technique differentiates plasticity effects on the electric potential from crack growth, hence, also allowing for a single specimen J1c method.

For studying the fracture behavior in piping or pressure vessels under monotonic or sustained loading, the d-c EP crack-mouth opening technique for defining crack initiation has been found successful. Several examples for through-wall and surface circumferential cracks are illustrated, as well as axial surface cracks. For surface cracks with aspect ratios less than 0.15 it was found also that the d-c EP signal could be used to monitor the entire shape of the surface flaw.
Studies of Diffused Crack-Tip Singularity—Experimental Simulation
Authors: Kobayashi T. , Saad N.
Published: September 2020

Studies of dynamic crack propagation and arrest in pressure vessel grade steels such as A533B and A36 indicate the development of unbroken ligaments behind the crack tip. The development of these unbroken ligaments suggests that the degree of singularity may be changed since the leading edge of the crack is no longer a well-defined line, and that examination of analysis methods may be needed.

In order to examine the influence of a diffused crack tip on the stress distribution around the crack tip and on crack behavior, a photoelastic model specimen was developed by bonding two halves of a crack-line-wedge-loaded (CLWL) specimen with a mica-impregnated adhesive. Under the application of load, interlamella debonding of the mica occurred. Islands of adhesive surrounded by the delaminated mica flakes simulated the unbroken ligaments.

The static and dynamic isochromatic fringe patterns surrounding a crack tip were photographed. Crack opening displacement measurements at two locations specified by ASTM Recommended Practice for R-Curve Determination (E 561-81) were made to assess the effective crack length. A comparison of the effective crack tip position with the isochromatic fringe patterns and fracture surface appearance was made.
Spectral photosensitivity of diffused Ge-p–i–n photodiods
Authors: Fedorenko A. V.
Published: September 2020

Laser rangefinders are widely used to measure distances for various civil and military purposes, as well as in rocket and space technology. The optical channel of such rangefinders uses high-speed p–i–n, or avalanche, photodiodes based on Si, Ge or InGaAs depending on the operating wavelength of the rangefinder in question.
The paper describes a manufacturing process for high-speed Ge-p–i–n photodiodes for laser rangefinders using the diffusion method. The passivation layer is made of ZnSe, which is a new solution for this type of photodiodes. The existing theoretical models are used to study the spectral ampere-watt sensitivity of the diodes at various values of the active region parameters, and the simulation results reliability is evaluated by the respective measurements. It is shown that the obtained theoretical dependence well agrees with the measurement data.
Moreover, the authors for the first time study the spectral photosensitivity of the Ge-p–i–n photodiode with a coated silicon filter covering the range λ = 1.4—1.6 μm. The spectral sensitivity range for the diodes is determined to be λ = 1.1—1.7 μm. The maximum photosensitivity of 0.42 A/W is achieved at a wavelength of λ = 1.54 μm. The authors argue that Ge-p–i–n photodiodes with a silicon filter are resistant to the “blinding” laser radiation with λ = 1.064 μm. The calculated data on the spectral photosensitivity of the photodiode with a filter also well agree with the experiment.
Thus, the chosen simulation technique allows taking into account most design and technological characteristics of the photodiodes during theoretical simulation, which makes it possible to accurately predict and optimize their parameters for a specific practical task and improve the manufacturing process of the photodiodes.
Comparing probabilities in urns: A study with primary school students
Authors: Hernández-Solís Luis Armando , Batanero Carmen , Gea María M. , Álvarez-Arroyo Rocío
Published: September 2020

The study aimed to explore the strategies used by Costa Rican primary school students when comparing urn probabilities. The sample was intentional and consisted of 55 6th graders. Using an interpretive approach, we analyzed the children’s responses to a questionnaire of five probability comparison items taken from previous studies, including different levels of proportional reasoning. Results indicate that problems in the first levels of proportional reasoning were solved easily by students, while problems at higher levels increased in difficulty. One-variable strategies, which compare only the favorable or unfavorable cases in both urns, are predominant; although there are correspondence strategies, few students show complete proportional reasoning. Aside from slight variations, results are similar to previous studies, which suggests that this task is influenced more by the child’s level of maturity than the instruction received.
Distribution and composition analysis of essential oils extracted from different parts of Cupressus funebris and Juniperus chinensis
Authors: Lyu Jianhua , Zhao Junqi , Xie Jiulong , Li Xianwei , Chen Ming
Published: September 2020

The quantitative comparison of essential oils extracted from various parts of Cupressus funebris and Juniperus chinensis was studied. With increased height, the content of essential oils from branches decreased, while the content of essential oils from leaves increased for both species. A maximum amount of essential oils were found in the west and a minimum in the east of branches and leaves for the two species. Moreover, the content of essential oils in trees with a knot was higher than in those without a knot. The order of essential oil content was as follows: leaf > fine root > coarse root > bark > bough > branch > trunk in C. funebris, and leaf > fine root > bark > coarse root > bough > trunk > branch in J. chinensis. The essential oils extracted from various parts of C. funebris and J. chinensis were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 67, 33, 69, 65, and 69 components were identified from the roots, trunks, barks, branches, and leaves of C. funebris, respectively. A total of 72, 46, 79, 55, and 82 components were identified from the roots, trunk, bark, branches, and leaves of J. chinensis, respectively.
La "montaña blanca". La minoría carlista en las Cortes de la Revolución (1868-1871)
Authors: Vilches-García Jorge
Published: September 2020

Este trabajo pretende mostrar la composición y actuación de la minoría parlamentaria carlista durante las Cortes constituyentes de 1869 a 1871. La labor de la llamada «montaña blanca» fue la expresión del proyecto del nuevo carlismo, empeñado en vincular su causa política con la defensa del catolicismo frente a la revolución, como el elemento más común y movilizador de los españoles de la época. En consecuencia, esta minoría se sumó a toda iniciativa para censurar al Gobierno y a la Regencia, presentó enmiendas y propuestas para sostener la unidad católica y los intereses de la Iglesia, y realizó discursos propagandísticos. Además, llevó a cabo con eficacia el obstruccionismo parlamentario técnico, en colaboración con la minoría republicana, para impedir y ralentizar la labor legislativa de la mayoría.
O que revela o decênio (2008-2018) de produção científica sobre avaliação na educação física escolar?
Authors: Carneiro Kleber Tuxen , Silva Bruno Adriano Rodrigues da , Reis Fábio Pinto Gonçalves dos , Pereira Fabiana De Paula , Resende Nathália Maria
Published: September 2020

Nesta pesquisa qualiquantitativa procurou-se investigar a produção do conhecimento relativo à Avaliação para o campo da Educação Física, identificando e quantificando as produções científicas contidas em revistas eletrônicas da área de conhecimento da Educação e da subárea da Educação Física. Constatou-se o total de 11 revistas dos Qualis A1, A2 e B1 e 27 artigos, sendo 11 da Educação e 16 da Educação Física, os quais foram agrupados nas categorias analíticas “Currículo e Documentos Institucionais”, “Procedimentos e Experiências Avaliativas” e “Balanço de Produção”. As lacunas históricas nessa literatura especializada engendram certa fragilidade ao campo da formação, por efeito a necessidade de expansão e aprofundamento de estudos que se dediquem ao tema, a julgar pelo próprio número circunscrito de produções que identificamos. Por fim, acreditamos que esta investigação poderá subsidiar futuras pesquisas, ao mesmo tempo em que revela a necessidade de se redimensionar os processos avaliativos no interior da Educação/Educação Física.
A influência da insatisfação corporal e do comportamento alimentar inadequado no desenvolvimento dos transtornos alimentares
Authors: Patricio Thais Baldo , Hoff Iza Oliveira
Published: September 2020

Analisar como a insatisfação corporal e o comportamento alimentar inadequado se relacionam entre si e o impacto que causam na manifestação dos transtornos alimentares em adolescente e adultos de ambos os sexos.O estudo foi realizado por meiode uma revisão literária de artigos científicos publicados entre 2009 e 2019, que envolvessem o tema, nas bases eletrônicas SCIELO, PUBMED e LILACS, depois foi desenvolvido uma tabela para resumo das informações e os resultados foram interpretados e comparados entre eles.A insatisfação corporal interfere nos hábitos alimentares inadequados, como a restrição alimentar, a compulsão alimentar eos métodos compensatórios por meio das pressões externas, podendo causar distúrbios emocionais e, consequentemente, os transtornos alimentares.É preciso ficar atento com os fatores de risco para os transtornos alimentares e ter uma visão crítica a respeito dos padrões estéticos considerados ideais,com a finalidade de reduzir níveis de insatisfação corporal.
Socio-Economic Development of the Southern Russia Regions in the Industry 4.0: Achievements, Problems, Priorities
Authors: Inshakova Elena
Published: September 2020

The article provides the comparative analysis of the current positions of the regional economic systems of the Southern Federal District (SFD) under the first phase of the fourth industrial revolution in Russia in the following key aspects: socio-economic situation, level of scientific, technological and innovative development, and digital transformation. The broad empirical basis of the study involves the reports of the European Commission, the World Economic Forum, the International Institute for Management Development, the World Intellectual Property Organization, official data from the Rosstat, the Ministry of Economic Development, the Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation, the specialized studies of Russian and foreign analytical companies, research divisions of the Higher School of Economics, the Moscow School of Management Skolkovo, the Leontief Center - AV Group Consortium, specialized associations, public organizations, which are summarized in the ranking tables with their subsequent analytical interpretation. The research concluded that, in line with the global trends, achieving high competitiveness by the SFD leading regions and keeping their advanced socio-economic position is supported by their advanced scientific, technological and innovative development, high level of digitalization in all spheres of life, broad application of information and communication technologies by households and organizations, and development of digital skills. In this regard, the author substantiates the necessity of forming a complementary system of human, material and natural, technical and technological, institutional, organizational and informational factors in all the SFD regions to provide the regional economy development in the context of the Industry 4.0 priorities.
Social and Economic Imperatives of Digital Transformation Development in the Public Administration System of a Macroregion
Authors: Fedotova Gilyan , Lamzin Roman , Kurazova Diana
Published: September 2020

The purpose of the study is to analyze the mandatory requirements for the cost-effective modernization of the electronic informational support for public authorities in the federal district considered as a macro-region. These requirements were formed on the basis of global trends in the development of technological components for the implementation of public administration functions after the establishment of close relationship with private entrepreneurial initiatives. The analysis of the imperatives for the expansion of electronic and digital elements is determined by the features of social and economic development of the functioning of integrating public administration in the federal district. This process is closely associated with the maintenance of an ordered cycle of receiving, converting and transmitting information in the work of public administration. Thus, the imperatives identified by the authors are able to ensure effective orderliness in communications between the authorities and businesses during the provision of public services in electronic format. The imperatives of modern digitalization of public administration are mandatory conditions for the implementation of effective electronic and technological modernization to timely respond to public demands for accelerated public services.
Settlement Strategies of Caucasian Expatriate Communities in Volgograd Region: Final Third of the XXth Century – Early XXIst Century
Authors: Sushchiy Sergey
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this article is to study the geographic and demographic dynamics and the main settlement strategies of the leading Caucasian expatriate communities of Volgograd region. The study has found that the accelerated demographic growth of Caucasian communities of the region in the last third of the 20th century and in the early 21st century was primarily determined not by its natural dynamics, but by the arrival of migrants. The educational and labor migration of people born in the Caucasus into the region in the 1950s – 1960s formed small ethnic groups consisting mainly of men and their significant part concentrated in cities. The main reasons for the accelerated growth of regional expatriate communities of the peoples of the Southern Caucasus at the end of the Soviet period became social, economic problems and the growth of interethnic tension in the republics of Transcaucasia. The same factors contributed to a rapid demographic growth of these communities in the 1990s. The central driver of the quantitative growth of the number of North Caucasian expatriate communities in the 1970s – 1980s was the development of livestock husbandry in arid rural areas of the region. This economic niche significantly changed the settlement parameters, social and demographic characteristics of the North Caucasian communities. With a rapid increase of the number of communities, their level of urbanization significantly reduced, but at the same time the gender imbalance changed. The early 21st century for the majority of the Caucasian expatriate communities in the region became a time of quantitative stabilization and optimization of the already existing settlement areas.
Mechanism for Sustainable Rural Development (by Example of Volgograd Region)
Authors: Gorshkova Natalya , Shkarupa Ekaterina , Rulev Aleksandr
Published: September 2020

The sustainable development of rural areas is an obvious and fundamental goal of the state policy of the Russian Federation. Improving the quality of life in each village, regardless of its distance from the regional center, is the main task of the regions. The article contains a termological analysis of the definition of “sustainable development of rural areas”. It was concluded that the dominant opinion of the authors on this concept is associated with a process that provides for the needs of residents of rural areas and increases their standard of living. The definition of a “mechanism for sustainable rural development” is given, which, through the methods and tools, implements the possibilities of natural, labor, material and financial resources for the effective development of rural economy. Sustainable and harmonious development of rural areas is possible only through the use of state support measures. The economic, environmental, social and demographic situation of rural areas, as well as their individuality, determine the need for continuous improvement of the mechanism of rural development through its methods and tools. The implementation of state support measures plays a significant role not only for rural residents, but also for leaders of agricultural organizations themselves. A decent and comfortable life in the village contributes to the consolidation of personnel. The importance of these aspects being recognized, the program “Integrated rural development” began to be implemented in 2020, which includes a sufficiently wide range of tools to support villages and rural residents. The program is aimed at reducing the gap in the quality of life between the rural and urban population, creating comfortable living conditions, reducing the outflow of residents from rural areas. As a result of the analysis, the potential and opportunities for the sustainable development of rural territories of Volgograd region were confirmed. These are the creation of conditions for providing villagers with comfortable housing, the development of various types of infrastructures, and the improvement of rural areas. The key directions of the mechanism for sustainable development of rural territories are identified: diversification of activities of the rural population, expansion of the possibilities of financial support for the development of rural territories through the public-private partnership involvement, improvement of preferential lending mechanisms, strengthening of grant support for rural communities for the improvement of rural territories.
Integrated Approach to the Development of Competitive Strategies in the Commercial Real Estate Regional Market
Authors: Polusmakova Natalia , Serova Olga , Zemlyanskaya Stella , Pototnya Adelina
Published: September 2020

Modern commercial real estate market is one of the most important areas of Russian economy. Regardless of the social structure, real estate has a special place in the system of economic relations. Commercial real estate is directly connected with the functioning of economic agents of all business categories and is actively used in a significant number of economic transactions. The formulation and theoretical justification of an integrated approach to the construction of a competitive strategy involves not only the study and practical application of existing methods for the assessment of internal and external environments, but also the study of their interaction. The purpose of the article is to develop the methodology for a comprehensive analysis of the micro and macro environment and offer local businesses operating in the sphere of commercial real estate the optimal, according to the authors, competitive strategy in the industry under analysis. The relevance of this article is connected with the instability of the market environment and the efficiency requirements for company programs of competitive positioning. The paper presents the main stages in the development of the competitive strategy of an enterprise based on the integrated application of analysis methods for external and internal environment: PEST analysis, the “5 forces” model of M. Porter, SWOT analysis. The results obtained using the tools of competitive strategy analysis and its surrounding factors using multiple intersection of characteristics have been summarized in an integrated system of the list of strategic development alternatives. This makes it possible to justify the optimal choice of a specific competitive strategy for one of the participants in the regional market of commercial real estate in Volgograd region. The authors note that the resulting set of integrated strategic alternatives should remain in the process of continuous monitoring, which will allow responding quickly to the impact of changes in the company’s environment.
Financing the Development of Science and Innovation in the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Hrechyshkina Olena , Samakhavets Maria , Tikhonovich Ellada
Published: September 2020

The strategic priority for the innovative development of Belarus is the formation of a technology intensive sector based on the V and VI technological modes in addition to the traditional sectors of the national economy. However, the scientific and technical potential of the Republic of Belarus is currently not fully utilized. There is a risk of technological lagging against the increasing level of knowledge-intensive GDP in the world. The improvement of the financing of scientific, technical and innovative activity can become an important factor for the development and efficiency of the national innovation system (NIS) and Belarusian economy as a whole. The purpose of the article is to assess and identify current trends in the financing of science and innovation in the Republic of Belarus. The analysis of the dynamics and structure of domestic costs for research and development (R&D) in the Republic of Belarus by industry, type of cost and type of work, source of funding is carried out. The following conclusions are made as a result of the analysis: the costs of research and development tend to increase; the largest share of R&D costs is concentrated in the business sector; the current costs for R&D significantly increased; the current costs are directed mainly to experimental development; the budget fund is the main source of funding for science and innovation in the Republic of Belarus; there are reserves for the expansion of financing of innovative activities through own funds of organizations, foreign investors, money from extra budgetary funds and other organizations.
Role and Risks of the Digital Economy for Russia’s Development
Authors: Okhlopkova Natalia , Krass Maxim
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this paper is to study necessary conditions for the development of digital economy in the country and also provide an analysis of the existing risks. Currently, as a result of the introduction of computer technologies, digitalization and integration of all business processes of economic systems, new risks and threats arise which require additional research and development of methods for their regulation. The main factor of success in the digital economy is not technologies themselves, but models for the management of these technologies, allowing them to solve the problems of the state and business. In the paper there is the analysis of the “Digital Economy” program what is now a priority in the economic development of the country. In the evaluations of the project a number of theoretical and practical drawbacks of technological and practical type have been identified, which seriously impede the fundamentals of digital economy functioning. The available options are offered in order to improve the existing mechanism of the analysis of the digital economy market. The level of digital economy development in the Southern Federal District and also the main directions of digital technologies development abroad, in particular in the UK, which is the leader among European countries in terms of the digital economy development, are studied. The necessity of the development of directions, both in economy and in the informational sphere has been suggested including the measures against cyber offenses as a result of which the confidential data and trade secrets are viewed. The article suggests possible scenarios for the digital economy development in Russia, taking into account current legal issues. A phased model for the development of digital business has been proposed which implies a full integration between all internal organizational processes and elements of value chains.
Advantages and Specific Features of the Development of Seaside Tourist and Resort Agglomerations: Analysis of World Experience
Authors: Onishchenko Elena
Published: September 2020

The article deals with the study of the development of seaside resort and tourist agglomerations as a new spatial form of spatial location capable of using the tourist recreational potential much more reasonably and efficiently in order to attract tourists and solve social and economic problems of the region. It is established that in the course of the agglomeration development, the territories are consolidated through the distribution of functions ensuring their development. On the basis of the review of foreign research experience a number of positive effects of the agglomeration management model for all the economic industries and sectors as well as for tourism have been revealed. The analysis of world’s experience in the formation and development of seaside resort and tourist agglomerations in Europe, North and Latin America and Asia makes it possible to identify some specific aspects and tendencies of the development of seaside resort and tourist agglomerations. The conclusion is made that the dynamic promotion of world tourism and its social value requires a comprehensive study of the agglomerations’ problems and possibilities of the management of urban processes in Russia in order to keep ecological and social sustainability and overcome recreational and tourist space deficit in regions. Special attention is paid to the strategic planning of the development of agglomerations on the basis of the system approach and to the introduction of platforms of integral technologies including the “smart” city concept as well as other innovative systems for agglomeration management. The main research methods are the following: descriptive method, comparative method, content analysis. The results of the research may be applied for the development of strategic and territorial planning of municipalities and municipal units in the South of Russia as well as for municipal policy and practice focused on the efficient development of the Azov- Black Sea resort agglomerations.
Challenges of Statistical Measuring of Population Poverty
Authors: Oleynik Olga , Oleynik Andrey
Published: September 2020

Now that Russia is undergoing substantial social and economic transformations that affect all social aspects, the problem of acquiring objective statistics of people’s living standards, social stratification and poverty levels becomes crucial. There are a number of methods to determine poverty by means of monetary and nonmonetary approaches. The extent of poverty then will differ significantly depending on the determinations and methods used. The article analyzes the methods to measure poverty both globally and in Russia. The evaluation methodologies of household budget designed and approved by Russia’s Federal Statistics Service and capable of providing the extensive data on poverty in Russia are reviewed. The specifics of poverty level evaluations obtained both directly from the results of household budget studies and by means of analytical modeling are revealed. It is shown that Russian statistics analyses people’s income and consumer spending as the basis determination of various poverty level indicators, such as the number of people living below the subsistence level, absolute poverty, relative poverty indices and others. The international and Russian academic societies have a vast experience of the development and testing of modern practices and instrumental approaches to the determination and measurement of poverty. The article discusses the contemporary multidimensional methods of poverty measurement, material deprivation and social exclusion, and justifies the necessity to expand the income distribution and poverty scoring system. Monitoring the poverty level in Russia is an important analytical tool for public authorities and scientists.