bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Areca nut extract increased stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in 4-nutriquinoline-1-oxide-tumor-induced Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Sari Liza Meutia , Novita Cut Fera , Andriany Poppy , Sari Dina Keumala
Published: January 2024

Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common oral cancers with a high mortality rate. The biodiversity source in Indonesia makes areca nut a potential antioxidant in treating disease. Objective The study aimed to evaluate the effect of areca nut extract in 4-nutriquinoline-1-oxide (NQO)-tumor-induced rats. Methods Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 served as the control group, group 2 was 4NQO-induced rats without treatment, and groups 3 and 4 were given 4NQO-tumor inducer with 500 and 1000 mg/kg BW of areca nut extract, respectively. The rats in groups 2,3, and 4 received 30 ppm of 4NQO tumor inducer in drinking water for 12 weeks. In the end, all rats were euthanized and the tongue was removed. The body, liver, kidney, heart, and lungs weights were measured. Tongue tumor volume and dysplasia lesions were analyzed. The tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the tumor and stromal area were scored semi-quantitatively associating the infiltrate grade (0-3) and analyzed histologically. Results There were significant differences in body weight loss between the initial and final phases in groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05). The areca nut at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg BW significantly reduced the tumor size compared with groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05). The incidence of OSCC in rats with 500 and 1000 mg/kg BW of areca nut extract after 22 weeks was 0%, but the dysplasia lesions were observed at 28.57% and 85.71%, respectively. The highest mean of stromal TILs was in group 3 and there were significant differences in stromal TILs between groups 2 and 3 (p<0.05). Conclusion Areca nut extract in 4NQO-induced rats by inducing infiltrating lymphocytes in the stromal tumor area on the OSCC lesion of the tongue.
Antenatal care utilization on low birth weight children among women with high-risk births
Authors: Sari Diah Puspita , Ekoriano Mario , Pujihasvuty Resti , Kistiana Sari , Nasution Sri Lilestina , Ardiana Irma , Purwoko Edy , Devi Yuli Puspita , Muthmainnah Muthmainnah
Published: January 2024

Background Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health problem in Indonesia, and is a leading cause of neonatal mortality. Adequate antenatal care (ANC) utilization would help to prevent the incidence of LBW babies. This study aims to examine the association between ANC utilization and LBW children among women with high-risk birth criteria. High-risk birth criteria consisted of 4T which were too young (mother’s age <20 years old), too old (mother’s age >35 years old), too close (age gap between children <2 years), and too many (number of children >2 children). Methods This study utilized calendar data from the women’s module from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS), with the unit of analysis only the last birth of women of childbearing age (15–49), which numbered 16,627 women. From this number, analysis was done by separating the criteria for women with high-risk birth. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to assess the impact of ANC and socio-demographic factors on LBW among women with high-risk birth criteria. Results This study revealed that only among women with too many children criteria (>2 children), adequate ANC utilization was significantly associated with LBW of children, even after controlling for a range of socio-demographic factors (p < 0.05). In all four women criteria, preterm birth was more likely to have LBW than those infants who were born normally (above and equal to 2500 grams) (p < 0.001). Conclusions According to WHO, qualified ANC standards have not been fully implemented, including in the case of ANC visits of at least eight times, and it is hoped that ANC with health workers at health facilities can be increased. There is also a need for increased monitoring of pregnant women with a high risk of 4T to keep doing ANC visits to reduce LBW births.
Impact of amyloidosis on the outcomes of patients with coronary artery disease: A nationwide analysis
Authors: Prakash Babu Janani , Layadi Eka Benhardi , Singh Sukhnoor , James Alpha , Kaur Gagan , Kataria Sharvilkumar , Kataria Deeti , Majmundar Vidit , Sanghvi Labdhi , Uttam Chandani Kanishka , Raval Maharshi
Published: January 2024

Background: Amyloidosis is a disease of increasing interest, primarily due to its high prevalence and advances in diagnostic and therapeutic options. It is known to be coexistent with a significant number of aortic stenosis patients (AS). Various studies have been done to evaluate its role in the clinical outcomes of AS. However, there is a lack of similar data on coronary artery disease (CAD) patients.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional cohort study using the nationwide inpatient sample (NIS) 2018–19. We included 305,675 adult inpatients with CAD and further divided by the presence of a co-diagnosis of amyloidosis. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) of the association between in-hospital mortality in CAD inpatients with and without amyloidosis and other comorbidities.

Results: The prevalence of amyloidosis in the total inpatient population with CAD was 7.3%, with the majority of the patients being in the older age group (mean age: 66.88 years), males (64.2%), and white (70.9%). Interestingly, the amyloidosis cohort had a higher prevalence of hypertension (89.3% vs. 85.1%). CAD inpatients with amyloidosis were noted to have higher in-hospital mortality (1.6% vs. 0.9%) with an OR of 1.87 (95% CI 1.66–2.11, p <0.001). These patients also had a higher length of stay (6.66 days vs. 4.68 days), total charges ($156,149.76 vs. $119,442.71), and major loss of function (56.5% vs. 30.5%). Amongst patients with CAD and amyloidosis, household income below the 50th percentile was a risk factor for in-hospital mortality (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.39–1.63, p <0.001).

Conclusions: Results from our study show that CAD inpatients who have comorbid amyloidosis have worse outcomes compared to those who do not. Further studies are needed to determine the etiology behind these outcomes and thus guide the management of stable CAD in amyloidosis patients.
A cross sectional comparative study to assess body image dissatisfaction in men and women in rural central India
Authors: Sinha Nayan , Patil Dr. Pradeep
Published: January 2024

Background In recent decades, the topic of body image has frequently been discussed. Some people view their bodies favorably, whereas others think negatively of them (1). An unhealthy body image can lead to terrible outcomes and is unpleasant (2). This is a significant public health problem that calls for effective intervention. So far, studies on body image issues in the past have tended to concentrate more on women. Therefore, there is a great demand for research on young people’s body image dissatisfaction as well as for comparative studies. Our objective was to assess the prevalence of body image issues in men and women aged 18 to 35 in rural central India and to determine the gender differences in body dissatisfaction. Methods This is a cross sectional study based on young adults aged 18 to 35 in rural central India. It is a convenience-based sampling and the formula used is Krejcie-Morgan Formula, using this the sample size came out to be 190. The ethics committee’s approval will be secured and the students will be asked for their informed consent before providing socio-demographic information and completing the following questionnaires: 1. Body image dissatisfaction scale. 2. Body image questionnaire. Results Once we get the answers to the aforementioned questionnaires, we will be able to evaluate the prevalence of body image problems among adults in rural central India and also compare the gender disparities in body dissatisfaction.
Conceptualizing expectations - Vietnam’s responses during COVID-19 as an illustration
Authors: Doan Hai
Published: January 2024

Background A key part of the complexity of actual social life lies in the fact that it operates on a large web of not only prescribed norms and rules, but also explicit and especially implicit expectations which constantly interact with each other. Methods This paper offers the first in-depth study on ‘expectations’ in bioethical and health law studies, taking Vietnam’s responses to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as an illustration. Results It defines ‘expectations’ as normative imaginaries that can induce or guide actions and inactions at individual and collective levels. Conclusions It suggests that ‘expectations’ is a fruitful concept for bioethical and health law studies because it helps better understand the complexity of interactions in society and patterns of thinking and acting of actors in real-world contexts. Studying expectations has implications for governance and future research agendas.
HUMAN CAPITAL OF EMPLOYEES OF A TRANSPORT COMPANY: PROBLEMS OF MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Borisov A. , Voroncov A. , Trofimova T.
Published: January 2024

The article examines the issues of managing the development of human capital of transport company workers, analyzes the problematic situation of the need to develop professional competencies of repair shop workers and the reasons for the lack of motivation for their training and development. The need to improve the level of qualifi cations of workers and the need for investment in human capital is emphasized, the need to develop in workers such professional competencies that would meet the needs of the modern labor market is noted. Under these conditions, it becomes clear why companies need to competently build a human

capital management system. During the empirical study, an expert interview with company managers and a questionnaire survey of employees were conducted, an analysis of the most important professional competencies was carried out, and a rating of signifi cant qualities of the human capital of employees of this company was compiled.
Verbal Imitation in Late Talkers
Authors: Ha Seunghee , Jeong Yulim , Kwon Jiyoon , Sim Seongeun
Published: January 2024

Objectives: This study was to examine the spoken language imitation abilities of 18 to 29 month old late-talking children to compared to typically developing children through the imitation of words and nonwords.Methods: The study included 15 late-talking children and 15 typically developing children matched for age and gender. The test words were 12 words and 12 nonwords, and spoken imitation was elicited by providing corresponding toys or references. Responses were categorized as correct, incorrect, or no response. Incorrect responses were further classified into whole-word errors, segmental errors, babbling, and different vocabulary responses. Whole-word errors and segmental errors were again classified into developmental and non-developmental error patterns.Results: Late-talking children exhibited significantly lower correct response ratios and higher no response ratios in verbal imitation of words and nonwords compared to typically developing children. Late-talking children had approximately 50% of their responses as no response, while typically developing children showed low ratios of no response. Both late-talking and typically developing children demonstrated better verbal imitations of words than of nonwords. Although whole-word errors were the most frequent in both groups during the verbal imitation of words, but late-talking children had higher rates of babbling responses for both words and nonwords imitation.Conclusion: This study confirmed that late-talking children exhibited limited verbal imitation abilities. Responses made by late-talking children may provide insights into their speech and language development status. Implications for research, clinical assessment, and management of late-talking children are discussed.
Effect of early stepwise cardiopulmonary rehabilitation on function and quality of life in sepsis patients
Authors: Zheng Ming-Hui , Liu Wen-Jun , Yang Juan
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Sepsis, as a non-limiting host infection disease, can be accompanied by serious complications such as organ failure, which seriously threatens patient quality of life.

AIM

To investigate the effect of early stepwise cardiopulmonary rehabilitation on cardiopulmonary function and quality of life in patients evacuated from mechanical ventilation with sepsis.

METHODS

A total of 80 patients with sepsis who were hospitalized in our hospital from January 2021 to January 2022 were selected and divided into the observation group (n = 40) and the control group (n = 40) according to the random number table method. The observation group was treated with early stepwise cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, and the control group was treated with a conventional treatment regimen. Cardiac function indexes (central venous pressure, cardiac troponin I, B-type brain natriuretic peptide), lung function indicators (diaphragmatic mobility, changes in central venous oxygen saturation, oxygenation index), and quality of life (Quality of Life Evaluation Scale) were compared between the two groups after treatment.

RESULTS

After treatment, the central venous pressure, diaphragm mobility, central venous oxygen saturation, oxygenation index, and Quality of Life Evaluation Scale scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The observation group was less than that of the control group for other parameters, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Early stepwise cardiopulmonary rehabilitation can effectively enhance cardiac and pulmonary function and improve the quality of life in patients evacuated from mechanical ventilation with sepsis.
Appendicitis combined with Meckel’s diverticulum obstruction, perforation, and inflammation in children: Three case reports
Authors: Sun Yi-Meng , Xin Wang , Liu Yu-Fang , Guan Zhe-Ming , Du Hao-Wen , Sun Ning-Ning , Liu Yong-Dong
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Meckel’s diverticulum is a common congenital malformation of the small intestine, with the three most common complications being obstruction, perforation, and inflammation. To date, only a few cases have been reported worldwide. In children, the clinical symptoms are similar to appendicitis. As most of the imaging features are nonspecific, the preoperative diagnosis is not precise. In addition, the clinical characteristics are highly similar to pediatric acute appendicitis, thus special attention is necessary to distinguish Meckel’s diverticulum from pediatric appendicitis. Patients with poor disease control should undergo laparoscopic exploration to avoid serious complications, including intestinal necrosis, intestinal perforation and gastrointestinal bleeding.

CASE SUMMARY

This report presents three cases of appendicitis in children combined with intestinal obstruction, which was caused by fibrous bands (ligaments) arising from the top part of Meckel's diverticulum, diverticular perforation, and diverticular inflammation. All three patients, aged 11-12 years, had acute appendicitis as their initial clinical presentation. All were treated by laparoscopic surgery with a favorable outcome. A complete dataset including clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging, surgical information, and histopathologic findings was also provided.

CONCLUSION

Preoperative diagnosis of Meckel’s diverticulum and its complications is challenging because its clinical signs and complications are similar to those of appendicitis in children. Laparoscopy combined with laparotomy is useful for diagnosis and treatment.
Universalism versus residualism: a micro-simulation of alternative income maintenance schemes in South Korea
Authors: Park Nari , Kim Kyoseong
Published: January 2024

This article examines the past, present and future of income maintenance schemes in Korea. Historically, income security schemes have been built on the idea of work-centred social insurance supplemented by social assistance. This approach was based on the premise of full employment. While current schemes have achieved institutional completeness and have contributed to alleviating poverty and inequality, they have exhibited limitations in responding to the qualitative shifts of capitalism, leading to welfare blind spots. Various alternatives have been proposed, such as universal basic income (UBI), which aims for equality, and residual Safety Income (SI), which aims for efficiency. The objective of this study is to validate the effects of basic income proposals and SI as alternative income maintenance schemes emerging in Korea. We simulated and compared the poverty alleviation and income redistribution effects of the two alternatives using data from the Survey of Household Finances and Living Conditions (2019~2021). The effects of poverty alleviation and income distribution were determined by analysing the hypothetical changes in absolute and relative poverty rates, as well as the Gini coefficient. The efficiency of benefits was assessed as the ratio of the amount used to reduce the poverty gap out of the total benefit amount. The study found that while SI appeared cost-effective in addressing absolute poverty, UBI was also effective in addressing relative poverty and income inequality.
"A Continuation of Residential Schools": Integration as a Strategy of Epistemicide, 1960–2005
Authors: Little Tarisa
Published: January 2024

Abstract: For over a century, the Government of Canada sent Indigenous children across Canada to residential schools to assimilate, Christianize, and "civilize" Indigenous people into Settler society. Assimilation became official government policy in 1876 with the passing of the Indian Act, which gave the Canadian state the power to govern all aspects of Indigenous people's lives. In the 1980s, many Indigenous people demanded recognition of the injustices and abuse experienced by many residential school survivors. Additionally, many scholars have looked at the injustices and abuse in residential schools as an overt attempt to erase Indigenous culture. However, few have investigated the continuation of epistemicidal policies afterward. Through a case-study of Treaty 7 communities, this article focuses on the post-residential school era and argues that the schooling provided by the Canadian government during the period of integration represents another attempt to subvert Indigenous knowledge and pedagogies.
Social Robots to Fend Off Loneliness?
Authors: Lederman Zohar , Jecker Nancy S.
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT: Social robots are increasingly being deployed to address social isolation and loneliness, particularly among older adults. Clips on social media attest that individuals availing themselves of this option are pleased with their robot companions. Yet, some people find the use of social robots to meet fundamental human emotional needs disturbing. This article clarifies and critically evaluates this response. It sets forth a framework for loneliness, which characterizes one kind of loneliness as involving an affective experience of lacking human relations that provide certain social goods. Next, the article discusses social robots and critically reviews the literature on the ethics of using them in light of this loneliness characterization. Third, we present a normative argument connecting the philosophical critique of loneliness-as-absence with the design and deployment of social robots. Finally, we draw out the implications of our analysis for public health and for interrogating the aims of commercial companies who make social robots.
Deep learning framework for three-dimensional surface reconstruction of object of interest in photoacoustic tomography
Authors: Zheng Sun , Lu Li , Yingsa Hou , Meichen Sun
Published: January 2024

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is a non-ionizing hybrid imaging technology of clinical importance that combines the high contrast of optical imaging with the high penetration of ultrasonic imaging. Two-dimensional (2D) tomographic images can only provide the cross-sectional structure of the imaging target rather than its overall spatial morphology. This work proposes a deep learning framework for reconstructing three-dimensional (3D) surface of an object of interest from a series of 2D images. It achieves end-to-end mapping from a series of 2D images to a 3D image, visually displaying the overall morphology of the object. The framework consists of four modules: segmentation module, point cloud generation module, point cloud completion module, and mesh conversion module, which respectively implement the tasks of segmenting a region of interest, generating a sparse point cloud, completing sparse point cloud and reconstructing 3D surface. The network model is trained on simulation data sets and verified on simulation, phantom, and in vivo data sets. The results showed superior 3D reconstruction performance both visually and on the basis of quantitative evaluation metrics compared to the state-of-the-art non-learning and learning approaches. This method potentially enables high-precision 3D surface reconstruction from the tomographic images output by the preclinical PAT system without changing the imaging system. It provides a general deep learning scheme for 3D reconstruction from tomographic scanning data.
Giant nonlinear Faraday rotation in iron doped CdMnTe
Authors: Garcia Hernando , Trivedi Sudhir
Published: January 2024

Polarization rotation is an important parameter in the design of
passive and active photonic components (optical isolators,
magneto-optical valves, and magnetic field sensors). This effect is
particularly important in materials with delocalized electrons and
large atomic orbital moments like CdMnTe, which is an excellent
candidate due to its large Zeeman splitting that gives rise to large
Faraday rotation. In this paper we report a giant intensity dependent
nonlinear Faraday rotation in iron doped
Cd0.85Mn0.15Te:Fe crystal. Rotation on the order
of 12o in magnetic field of the order of 0.55 T and
intensities of 1.832 GW/cm2 can be achieved in a 1.9 mm
thick sample. This is 60 time larger in magnitude than previously
reported values. In large magnetic field, this intensity dependent
rotation will be able to compete with two photon absorption in large
magnetic fields, and enhance the linear faraday rotation.
Generation of vector soliton mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser using ZrTe2 as saturable absorber
Authors: Sheng Qiuyan , Tang Shouqian , Ye Faming , Wang Jinzhe , Li Yitong , Wang Guomei , Bai Caixun , Li Zhao , Lu Cheng , Zhang Huanian , Fu Shenggui , Zhang Wenfei
Published: January 2024

We demonstrate a passively mode-locked fiber laser employing zirconium telluride (ZrTe2) as saturable absorber and illustrate its application for vector soliton generation in erbium-doped fiber lasers. By tuning the pump power and polarization controller, stable mode-locked operations in different operations are obtained with different cavity lengths. In addition, we also further research on characteristics of the vector solitons formed in fiber laser. The vector features of the obtained solitons are experimentally explored, and these solitons are proved to be group velocity locked vector solitons. Our research results indicate that ZrTe2 nanosheets could be available saturable absorber for ultrashort pulse fiber lasers, especially for generating vector soliton pulses in fiber lasers.
Phase space formulation of light propagation on tilted planes
Authors: Gioia Patrick , Gilles Antonin , Rhammad Anas El , Vu-Ngoc San
Published: January 2024

The solution of the Helmholtz Equation describing the propagation of light in free space from a plane to another can be described by the Angular Spectrum operator which acts in frequency domain. Many applications require this operator to be generalized to handle tilted source and target planes, which has lead to research investigating the implications of these adaptations. However, the frequency domain representation intrinsically limits the understanding the way the signal is transformed through propagation. Instead, studying how the operator maps the space-frequency components of the wavefield provides essential information that is not available in frequency domain. In this work, we highlight and exploit the deep relation between wave optics and quantum mechanics to explicitly describe the symplectic action of the tilted angular spectrum in phase space, using mathematical tools that have proven their efficiency for quantum particle physics. These derivations lead to new algorithms that open unprecedented perspectives in various domains involving the propagation of coherent light.
Healthcare seeking behavior and delays in case of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis patients in Bangladesh: Findings from a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Noman Md. Zulqarnine Ibne , Islam Shariful , Aktar Shaki , Parray Ateeb Ahmad , Amando Dennis G. , Karki Jyoti , Atsna Zafria , Mitra Dipak Kumar , Hossain Shaikh A. Shahed
Published: January 2024

The emergence of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) has become a major threat globally and Bangladesh is no exception. Delays in healthcare seeking, proper diagnosis and initiation of treatment cause continuous transmission of the resistant tubercule bacilli through the communities. This study aimed to assess the different health care-seeking behaviors and delays among DR-TB patients in Bangladesh. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December 2018, among 92 culture positive and registered DR-TB patients in four selected hospitals in Bangladesh. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with survey questionnaire as well as record reviews. Among the 92 study participants, the median patient delay was 7 (IQR 3, 15) days, the median diagnostic delay was 88 (IQR 36.5, 210), the median treatment delay was 7 (IQR 4,12) days, and the median total delay among DR-TB patients was 108.5 (IQR 57.5, 238) days. 81.32% sought initial care from informal healthcare providers. The majority (68.48%) of the informal healthcare providers were drug sellers while 60.87% of patients sought care from more than four healthcare points before being diagnosed with DR-TB. The initial care seeking from multiple providers was associated with diagnostic and total delays. In Bangladesh, DR-TB cases usually seek care from multiple providers, particularly from informal providers, and among them, alarmingly higher healthcare-seeking related delays were noted. Immediate measures should be taken both at the health system levels and, in the community, to curb transmission and reduce the burden of the disease.
Prevalence of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli from local and broiler chickens at Cibinong market, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Rizal Syaiful , Nurhapsari Intan , Fauziah Ima , Masrukhin Masrukhin , Jatmiko Yoga Dwi
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming a public health concern. Foodborne pathogens are infectious agents that can be transmitted from animals to humans through food and can become resistant due to misuse and overuse of antibiotics, especially in poultry. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolated from local and broiler chickens at the Cibinong market, West Java, Indonesia.

Materials and Methods: A total of 60 cloacal swab samples from 30 local and broiler chickens sold at the Cibinong market in West Java were obtained by random sampling. From these samples, 39 E. coli isolates were obtained after being cultured on eosin methylene blue agar and molecularly identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Six antibiotic disks were used for the antibiotic sensitivity test against E. coli isolates cultured on Mueller-Hinton agar. PCR was performed to detect ESBL genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M).

Results: A total of 76.47% (39/51) cloacal swab samples were positive for E. coli. All E. coli isolates were sensitive to imipenem (100%), and 38 isolates were sensitive to cefoxitin (FOX) (97.4%). On average, the isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC) (69.2%) and ceftriaxone (CRO) (89.7%). E. coli isolates were occasionally resistant to enrofloxacin (25.64%), followed by gentamicin (20.51%), CRO (10.25%), AMC (7.69%), and FOX (2.56%). The prevalence of E. coli AMR was 10.25% (4/39). All four multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates (blaTEM and blaCTX-M) were confirmed to have the ESBL gene based on PCR.

Conclusion: The prevalence of multidrug-resistant and ESBL-producing E. coli is still found, proving that there is still inappropriate use of antibiotics and a need for strict supervision of their use, especially around Cibinong market, West Java.

Keywords: antibiotic, chicken, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, Escherichia coli, multidrug resistance.
Effects of essential oils on egg production and feed efficiency as influenced by laying hen breed: A meta-analysis
Authors: Darmawan Arif , Öztürk Ergin , Güngör Emrah , Özlü Şevket , Jayanegara Anuraga
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim: Successful rearing of laying hens to achieve optimal egg production is an endeavor that often faces various constraints and challenges, such as infectious diseases, environmental stressors, and fluctuations in feed quality. The incorporation of essential oils (EOs) into the diet of laying hens has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of EO inclusion in laying hen diets by considering the effects of production phase and breed on performance, egg quality, serum biochemistry, gut health, and antioxidant activity.

Materials and Methods: The articles were obtained from the Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed using the search terms “essential oils,” “laying hens,” and “phytobiotics.” Data from 27 articles and 71 experiments were grouped according to laying hen production phase and breed in the database. The EO levels ranged from 0 to 1000 mg/kg, with thymol and carvacrol being the major EOs. A mixed model was used to analyze the data. Random effects were applied to the treatment, and fixed effects were applied to EO level, production phase, and breed.

Results: Egg production, feed intake, feed efficiency, eggshell quality, villus height, crypt depth, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase levels increased linearly (p = 0.05) and egg weight and mass increased quadratically (p < 0.05) with increasing EO concentrations. An interaction was observed between the EO level egg production and feed conversion ratio (p = 0.05). Serum glucose, cholesterol, and malondialdehyde levels decreased with increasing EO concentrations (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The inclusion of EOs effectively increased egg production, feed efficiency, egg weight, egg mass, eggshell quality, oxidative enzymes, and intestinal health. In addition, the proportion of dietary EOs in lightweight laying hens was higher than that in semi-heavy-weight laying hens in improving egg production and feeding efficiency.

Keywords: antioxidant enzyme, egg production, egg quality, gut health, serum biochemistry.
STUDY OF THE COMPOSITION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE FORMS OF SEA BUCKTHORN (HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES L.) LEAVES BY GC-MS
Authors: Trineeva Ol'ga Valer'yevna , Kovaleva Natal'ya Aleksandrovna
Published: January 2024

Hippophae rhamnoides L. is a perennial shrub of the Elaegnaceae family, which has a significant distribution area (both in cultivation and in the wild) and an annually renewable raw material base (fruits and leaves). The leaves of sea buckthorn are characterized by a high accumulation of various groups of biologically active substances. However, the fraction of lipophilic biologically active substances of this type of medicinal plant material remains poorly understood in terms of composition and pharmacological properties. The aim of the work was to study the phytochemical composition of the lipophilic fractions of sea buckthorn leaves by GC/MS with a predictive in silico assessment of promising types of pharmacological activity of the identified compounds for the subsequent targeted development of medicinal herbal preparations based on this medicinal plant material with a certain spectrum of action. The object of the study was the leaves of three phenological phases of plant life collected in the territory of the Voronezh region and dried by the air-shadow method to a residual moisture content of not more than 10% in 2022. On the chromatograms in the leaves harvested in different phenophases of development, the presence of peaks of about 40 compounds is observed – 20 each in the preparations removed from the leaves of phases I and III; 16 – phases II of blanks, of which 14 compounds were identified – 7, 8, and 10 in phenophases I, II, and III, respectively.The greatest number of compounds of the group of sugars, sterols, aliphatic and alicyclic alcohols was typical for the leaves of the phenological phase III – the phase of technical maturity of the fruit, which is due to the accumulation of these biologically active substances in the process of life. However, leaves already in the first phase of harvesting can be considered as a potential source of vitamins and sterols due to their significant accumulation. The results of the in silico study position phytosterols (betulin and γ-sitosterol) as the target group of biologically active substances in the lipophilic fraction of the leaves of the third phase of the harvest due to the large accumulation and the presence of a high probability of hypolipidemic, hypocholesterolemic and hepatoprotective activities. At the same time, the maximum accumulation of this fraction in the leaves during the harvesting period of fruits, the main pharmacopoeial valuable raw material of this plant, contributes to the possibility of waste-free rational use of plant resources.
INFLUENCE OF THE PATTERN OF THE COMBINED GRINDING SET OF THE DISC MILL ON INDIVIDUAL PAPER-FORMING PROPERTIES OF FIBROUS SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCTS AND THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FINISHED PRODUCT
Authors: Petrova Anastasiya Alekseyevna , Alashkevich Yuriy Davydovich , Voronin Ivan Andreyevich
Published: January 2024

The improvement of the process of grinding fibrous semi-finished products in pulp and paper production is caused by a reduction in the raw material base, requirements for the quality of finished products, as well as the desire to reduce production energy costs. Changing the grinding parameters allows you to change the properties and characteristics of the resulting materials in a wide range. The main controlled parameters of the grinding process are the gap between the rotor and stator disks, the rotor speed, the concentration of the fibrous mass. One of the important parameters of the grinding process is also the design of the grinding set. The article considers the influence of various configurations of cavities of the combined grinding set of a disc mill on the properties of the fibrous mass and finished paper castings. Individual paper-forming properties were evaluated, including the increase in the degree of grinding of the fibrous mass and the length of the fiber, as well as the physical and mechanical characteristics of the finished castings, which include the breaking length of the paper, the number of double folds and the tear resistance index. The grinding was carried out on a semi-industrial disc mill using a combined grinding set. For comparison, wavy and conical grinding cavities with straight unidirectional knives were selected. It was revealed that the wave-shaped grinding cavity has higher quality indicators in comparison with the conical grinding cavity by the nature of the impact on the fibrous mass.
VARIABILITY OF THE TRACE ELEMENT COMPOSITION OF UNDERGROUND AND ABOVEGROUND SHOOTS OF NONEA ROSSICA STEV.
Authors: Kruglov Dmitriy Semenovich , Velichko Viktoriya Vladimirovna , Kartaschova Marina Yelvardovna
Published: January 2024

To create phytomedicines for the treatment of dyselementoses with reproducible pharmacological effects, it is necessary to know within what limits the content of microelements can vary in commercial thickets of herbs. The aim this work was to determine variability of the content of microelements in the underground and aboveground organs of Nonea rossica Stev.The above-ground and underground shoots of the plant was collected on the territory of the Novosibirsk region. The content of plant biogenic elements B, K, P, V, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Si, Zn, Ni, Co and toxic elements was determined by mass spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma. The main statistical parameters – the mean value, the coefficient of variation and confidence intervals were defined and they were analyzed for homogeneity using the Wilcoxon test.As a result of the research, it was found that N.rossica naturally absorbs microelements that are biogenic for the plant organism, which accumulate in the aboveground organs of the plant and their quantitative content have little variability .Exogenous pollution makes a significant contribution to the accumulation of toxic elements and conditionally toxic elements, which leads to a large variability of their quantitative content.
Prawo i praktyka testowania w Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim w XVI i XVII wieku
Authors: Zielecka Wioletta
Published: January 2024

The first codification of inheritance law in Lithuania was enshrined in the 1st Lithuanian Statute of 1529. Subsequent amendments to the Statute took effect in 1566 and 1588. They set forth the principles of bequeathing that provided that the last will was to be made when thetestator was still in good health, it required the presence of witnesses, and needed to be subsequently endorsed by a court with proper jurisdiction. When the first two Statutes were in force, frequent witnesses of the will were members of the clergy who, apart from enjoying respect, belonged to the relatively small group of the literate in those times. Later, however, in the 17th and 18th centuries, it was members of the family, or friends, who were called to testify, and the last will made in accordance with the binding laws was subsequently enforced upon the testator's death, even if it lacked the seal. The Lithuanian inheritance law was adjusted to the needs of the people in Lithuania, where acts of the last will were usually drafted in the last weeks of a person's life, when the illness prohibited the testators to make a will in the presence of a clerk in office. The Act provided for such situations, thus enabling the ill, disabled and the illiterate to leave a will as well. After the testator's death, the last will was executed and duly entered in land and mortgage (land register) files. The entries included: the date of the act, entered according to the Julian or Gregorian calendar, the names of the witnessing clerks, information on the persons present at the activation process, as well as the details of the testator and the beneficiaries of the will. The last will was usually read out at the funeral. Certain legacies, e.g. in favour of churches or temples, were frequently challenged by the family of the testator. In towns and cities, the principles of inheritance were usually regulated by Magdeburg law, which sought to protect the interest of natural heirs. It included a remedy not known in statutory law, i.e. specific performance, obliging to implement the last will within a year. That principle did not, however, precise the date of which that one-year period would run: the death of the testator, or the date at which the will was filed for activation. Further, last wills could not be executed if they contained provisions contradictory to common law, good practice, or the principles of piety or honesty. Last wills of the modern times made in the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania had a specific structure and consisted of a preliminary protocol (invocativo, intitulario, arenga, a testing ability condition); the actual part (dispositio, corraboratio) and a final protocol (date, witness details, signatures)
Solutions of a coupled system of hybrid boundary value problems with Riesz-Caputo derivative
Authors: Ji Dehong , Fu Shiqiu , Yang Yitao
Published: January 2024

Riesz-Caputo fractional derivative refers to a fractional derivative that reflects both the past and the future memory effects. This study gives sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions for a coupled system of fractional order hybrid differential equations involving the Riesz-Caputo fractional derivative. For this motive, the results are obtained via classical results due to Dhage.
Grain boundary diffusion and grain boundary phase transition in tungsten in the temperature range of activated sintering
Authors: Lee Jai-Sung , Divinski Sergiy V.
Published: January 2024

Grain boundary self- and solute (cobalt) diffusion in tungsten was found [Lee et al., Scr. Metall, 1988; Lee et al., Col. de Physique, 1990] to exhibit discontinuities in the Arrhenius behavior at the homologous temperatures of 0.36 < T/T
m < 0.4 that surprisingly match the activation sintering temperature of W (T
m is the melting point). In the present work, this unusual grain boundary diffusion phenomenon is discussed in terms of a fundamental grain boundary phase transition in W. The experimental data are analysed with respect to predicted segregation-induced grain boundary phase transformation. Competing co-segregation of impurity elements (carbon and phosphor) might induce a discontinuous grain boundary segregation and invoke a grain boundary phase transition which modifies the grain boundary mobilities of substitutional atoms. The improved understanding of grain boundary phase transitions is expected to provide a breakthrough in interpreting the exact mechanism of W-activated sintering.
Thyroid hormone resistance and large goiter mimicking infiltrative carcinoma in a pediatric patient
Authors: Baxter Carly , Martinez-Rios Claudia , Ahmet Alexandra
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) is a genetic condition, caused by mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor gene and characterized by impaired end organ responsiveness to thyroid hormone. Here we describe a novel case of THR associated with large goiter mimicking infiltrative c.

Case presentation

A 13-year-old male with a hyperthyroid phenotype of RTH diagnosed as a toddler, on methimazole and nadolol therapies presented with an increase in goiter size and possible nodule. Thyroid ultrasound was concerning for a diffuse infiltrative process or malignancy. Methimazole was discontinued and he underwent further imaging, fine needle aspiration and core biopsies. Biopsy results were reassuring and imaging findings were subsequently attributed to RTH rather than malignancy. He started every other day liothyronine therapy, which led to a decrease in goiter size, thyroglobulin level, and improvement of hyperthyroid symptoms.

Conclusions

This is the first case to our knowledge describing the above thyroid imaging findings in association with RTH. It also adds important information to the pediatric literature regarding management of the hyperthyroid phenotype of RTH, including the role of liothyronine therapy.
In alternations, not all semantic motivation comes from semantic contrast
Authors: Cai Yingying , De Smet Hendrik
Published: January 2024

Functional explanations of alternations often invoke semantic contrast between alternates. In some cases, however, new alternations may arise not to code contrast but simply because the grammar supports multiple roughly equivalent solutions to the same coding problem. Our study illustrates this by exploring the history of English prepositional phrase complements (PPCs) to mental predicates, with a special focus on about and at (as in everyone was enthusiastic about the project). It is shown that about saw a dramatic extension in its use as a PPC marker, resulting in various new alternation contexts. These developments are concomitant to changes in the general semantic structure of about that resulted in stronger grammatical sanction to its use as a PPC marker. Compared to about, at has a far more stable semantic profile overall, contributing to greater stability in its use as a PPC marker as well. In other words, distributional changes in the system of PPCs, and the new alternations that arise as a result, are a side effect of changes in the overall semantic profiles of the prepositions used to mark PPCs.
There are More, or Fewer, Things than Most of us Think
Authors: Noonan Harold W.
Published: January 2024

In Chapter 12 of his book Material Beings (Van Inwagen, Peter. 1990. Material Beings. Ithaca: Cornell University Press) van Inwagen argues that there are no artefacts, or very few, certainly fewer than most people believe. Artisans very rarely create, at least in the sense of causing things to come into existence. The argument in Chapter 12 is a very powerful one. I do not think that it establishes van Inwagen’s conclusion, but it does, I think, given its (plausible) premise, establish that if there are not far fewer material things in the world than we ordinarily believe, then there are far more. In this sense it establishes, as Russell once said, ‘the truth about physical objects must be strange’. Furthermore, I argue at the end, we cannot avoid this conclusion even if we reject van Inwagen’s premise. Thus the defender of our common sense ontology is caught on the horns of a dilemma. So our commonsense ontology is indefensible.
Can photonic heterostructures provably outperform single-material geometries?
Authors: Amaolo Alessio , Chao Pengning , Maldonado Thomas J. , Molesky Sean , Rodriguez Alejandro W.
Published: January 2024

Recent advances in photonic optimization have enabled calculation of performance bounds for a wide range of electromagnetic objectives, albeit restricted to single-material systems. Motivated by growing theoretical interest and fabrication advances, we present a framework to bound the performance of photonic heterostructures and apply it to investigate maximum absorption characteristics of multilayer films and compact, free-form multi-material scatterers. Limits predict trends seen in topology-optimized geometries – often coming within factors of two of specific designs – and may be utilized in conjunction with inverse designs to predict when heterostructures are expected to outperform their optimal single-material counterparts.
Coherent perfect loss with single and broadband resonators at photonic crystal nanobeam
Authors: Choi Jihoon , Hong Young Ki , Noh Heeso
Published: January 2024

Coherent perfect absorption (CPA) has been studied in various fields, such as metasurface, photonics, and acoustics, because of its ability to perfectly absorb light at a specific wavelength. However, the narrow bandwidth of CPA makes its application to on-chip photonics challenging. This limitation can be overcome by using a broadband resonator. Here, we demonstrate the coherent perfect loss (CPL) with respect to a single and broadband resonator at photonic crystal nanobeam. By using the finite element method, both cases of the CPL were simulated and optimized for the single and broadband resonators. In the optimized structure, a CPL occurs for both resonators. These results confirm that the perfect loss region for the broadband resonator is wider than that for the single resonator. These results are experimentally verified by fabricating both cases of CPL cases on a silicon-on-insulator by using electron beam lithography. An almost perfect loss of more than 95 % is observed for both single and broadband CPLs. Furthermore, the almost perfect loss region at the broadband resonator broadens more than that at the single resonator. The optimized structure for CPL has the potential for easy applications to on-chip photonics, such as optical switches, modulators, sensors, and logic gates.