bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Energia e seu Controle Histórico: A Questão do Etanol como Recurso Energético Alternativo / The Energy and its Historical Control: The Question of the Ethanol such as Energetic Alternative Resource
Authors: Hage José Alexandre Altahyde
Published: July 2020

Este artigo apresenta a análise como a energia foi historicamente controlada pelas classes sociais mais bem posicionadas politicamente e, na atualidade, pelos Estados industrializados. No aspecto conceitual, o artigo adota duas correntes teóricas de relações Internacionais de modo complementar: o marxismo aplicado às relações internacionais e o realismo (política do poder) e seus componentes mais modernos. O objetivo do texto é demonstrar que em algumas épocas as classes dominantes foram aquelas que controlaram recursos energéticos. No campo das relações internacionais há possível analogia ao verificar que grandes potências são os Estados que conseguem cadenciar fluxos de energia. Por fim, o artigo tenciona analisar em que condições países em desenvolvimento, como Brasil, conseguem alterar o sistema internacional por meio dos combustíveis renováveis, como o álcool combustível.  ABSTRACTThis article aims to analyze how energy resources are historically controlled by social classes in the higher political echelons and by industrialized States abroad. As concepts, the article embraces two complementary trends of thoughts: Marxism applied to international relations and Realism (power politics) with its most modern components. The goal of this paper is to show that in some moments, the ruling social classes were the ones over the energy resources. In the international relations sphere, there is a possible analogy in which we attest that the great powers are the States that can regulate the energy resources flow. To conclude, the paper aims to analyze in which conditions developing countries, Brazil, play a part in the international system with renewable fuels, such as ethanol.
O Multilateralismo Amazônico, entre êxitos geopolíticos e entraves executivos: trajetória do processo de cooperação de 1978 a 2012 / The Multilateralism Amazon, and Barriers Between Successes Geopolitical Executive: Path of Cooperation Process 1978-2012
Authors: Silva Rodolfo Ilario
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho apresenta uma análise detalhada sobre o processo de cooperação entre os países da região amazônica, com base em elementos contextuais, políticos e institucionais. O período que se estende da assinatura do Tratado de Cooperação Amazônica (TCA), em 1978, até os dias atuais, caracteriza-se pela alternância de fases de inatividade com fases de declarada renovação do compromisso político. Os fatores explicativos identificados relacionam-se a questões domésticas, regionais e do contexto internacional. Esta trajetória compreende cinco períodos distintos: de 1978 a 1989, fase defensivo-protecionista; de 1989 a 1994, fase de incentivo e fortalecimento político; de 1995 a 2002, amadurecimento institucional; de 2002 a 2009, marcada pela intensificação dos contatos entre os países amazônicos, porém seguida de uma crise institucional; e, de 2009 a 2014: fase de “relançamento da OTCA”, pautada nas diretrizes da Agenda Estratégica de Cooperação Amazônica. Após a análise deste processo de cooperação que completa 35 anos, concluímos o texto evidenciando os principais resultados alcançados pelos países amazônicos e as principais dificuldades persistentes para a consecução dos objetivos regionais comuns. ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the multilateral cooperation process between the countries of the Amazon region, focusing on three degrees: the contextual; the political; and the institutional. We start from the analysis of the negotiation process of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty (ACT), in 1978, and its developments until 2002, when has been created the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO). The trajectory was divided into five phases that were called: defensive (1978-1989); political strengthening (1989-1994); institutional maturation (1995-2002); diplomatic intensification (2002-2009); and relaunch of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (2009-2014). The reasons founded in our analysis are related to domestic, regional and international issues that had influence in the cooperation process. After the historical analysis, we make an overview of the main results and difficulties that marks the cooperation process between the countries that has sovereignty over the Amazon basin.
Apresentação
Authors: Oliveira Marcelo Fernandes de , Salatini Rafael
Published: July 2020

Apresentação dos Editores da Revista Brazilian Journal of International Relations, que pretende ser um espaço aberto, plural e transparente para a demonstração científica da dinâmica contemporânea das relações internacionais, e sobre esta primeira edição do volume três, a qual expressa exatamente esta perspectiva científica.
Keefektifan Media Pembelajaran Buku Aktivitas Peta Si Pintar dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa
Authors: Riawan M. Risco Indra , Sukamto S. , Subekti Ervina Eka
Published: July 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan keefektifan media pembelajaran Buku Aktivitas Peta Si Pintar (Petualangan di Taman Musik Pintar) dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa kelas 1 SDN Bugangan 01 Semarang pada materi Tema 2 Kegemaranku, Subtema 2 Gemar Bernyanyi dan Menari. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan rancangan Pre-Experimental Design dengan One-Group pretest-posttest Design. Data penelitian didapatkan menggunakan instrumen berbentuk angket dan soal evaluasi yang telah dinyatakan valid dan reliabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) motivasi belajar meningkat skor rata-rata sebelum perlakuan 78,7 dan setelah diberi perlakuan naik menjadi 96,9, (2) Pada hasil soal pretest diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 65,65 dan soal posttest naik menjadi 92,1. Sehingga diperoleh hasil regresi dengan skor r²=0,0022. Hasil penelitian tersebut membuktikan bahwa salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi prestasi siswa adalah motivasi belajar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan media pembelajaran Peta Si Pintar (Petualangan di Taman Musik Pintar) dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa kelas I SDN Bugangan 01 Semarang.The Effectiveness of Si Pintar Map Activity Book Learning Media to Increase Student Learning MotivationAbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe the effectiveness of Si Pintar Map Activity Book learning media (Adventure in the Smart Music Park) in increasing student motivation in class 1 at SDN Bugangan 01 Semarang on the subject matter 2 My Favorite, sub-theme 2 Singing and Dancing Favors. This research uses a quantitative approach with a Pre-Experimental Design with One-Group pretest-posttest Design. The research data were obtained using a questionnaire instrument and evaluation questions that were declared valid and reliable. The results showed (1) learning motivation increased the average score before treatment 78.7 and after being given treatment rose to 96.9, (2) the results of the pretest questions obtained an average value of 65.65 and posttest questions rose to 92 , 1. So that the regression results obtained with a score of r² = 0.0022. The results of the study prove that one of the factors that influence student achievement is learning motivation. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the use of Si Pintar Map Activity Book learning media (Adventure in the Smart Music Park) can increase student motivation in class I SDN Bugangan 01 Semarang.
Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran terhadap Motivasi Belajar: Tinjauan berdasarkan Karakter Generasi Z
Authors: Nawawi M. Ichsan
Published: July 2020

Salah satu permasalahan yang menarik adalah perbedaan karakter mahasiswa yang sering disebut sebagai Generasi Z. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan motivasi belajar mahasiswa yang diberikan media pembelajaran sesuai dengan karakter Generasi Z. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan one sample pretest-posttest design. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 21 mahasiswa di Jurusan Matematika, UIN Alauddin Makassar. Data hasil penelitian dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner dan dianalisis menggunakan uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan motivasi sebelum dan sesudah diberikan media pembelajaran sesuai dengan karakter Generasi Z (bahan ajar yang menarik, penggunaan motion graphic, sli.do, kahoot dan strategi problem solving berdasarkan permasalahan kehidupan sehari-hari).The Effect of Learning Media on Learning Motivation: Overview based on Generation Z CharacterAbstractOne interesting problem is the difference in the character of students who are often referred to as Generation Z. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in student learning motivation given learning media in accordance with Generation Z characters. This research is a quasi-experimental study with one sample pretest-posttest design. The sample in this study were 21 students in the Department of Mathematics, UIN Alauddin Makassar. Research data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using t test. The results showed that there were differences in motivation before and after learning media were given according to Generation Z characters (interesting teaching materials, use of motion graphics, sli.do, kahoot and problem solving strategies based on problems of daily life).
Kemampuan Berpikir Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal HOTs pada Materi Pola dan Barisan Bilangan
Authors: Junaidi J. , Roza Yenita , Maimunah M.
Published: July 2020

Pada abad 21 diperlukan keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi (HOTs) yang mencakup kemampuan berpikir kritis dan berpikir kreatif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan interpretasi, analisis, inferensi, kelancaran dan orisinalitas siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal pola dan barisan bilangan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan subjek sebanyak 40 siswa yang terdiri 19 siswa SMPN 5 Bantan dan 21 Siswa MTS Al-Huda. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa (1) tes tertulis yang berorientasikan HOTs dan (2) pedoman wawancara.  Hasil tes menunjukkan rata-rata HOTs siswa SMPN 5 Bantan (49,34) dan MTS Al-Huda (45,12) berkategori cukup.  Skor tiap indikator HOTs untuk siswa SMPN 5 Bantan diketahui bahwa interpretasi= 48,68, analisis= 40,13, inferensi= 64,47, kelancaran= 52,68 dan orisinalitas= 40,79 sedangkan untuk siswa MTs Al-Huda adalah interpretasi= 61,18, analisis= 40,79, inferensi= 53,57, kelancaran= 38,16 dan orisinalitas= 45,24. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara juga diketahui bahwa rendahnya HOTs siswa dikarenakan siswa tidak terbiasa dalam menyelesaikan soal HOTs serta tidak tersedianya soal-soal HOTs yang secara khusus mengukur HOTs di sekolah, sehingga diharapkan adanya penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai soal-soal HOTs.Students' Thinking Ability in Solving HOTs Questions on Material Patterns and Rows of NumbersAbstractIn the 21st century, higher order thinking skills (HOTs) are needed which include critical thinking skills and creative thinking. The purpose of this study is to describe the students’ ability of interpretation, analysis, inference, fluency and originality in solving questions about patterns and rows of numbers. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative and as many as 40 students consisting of 19 students of SMPN 5 Bantan and 21 students of Al-Huda MTS. The instrument used in the form of (1) written tests oriented to HOTs and (2) interview guidelines. The test results showed the average level of SMPN 5 Bantan students’ HOTs (49.34) and MTS Al-Huda (45.12) was categorized as sufficient. The score of each indicator of HOTs for SMPN 5 Bantan students is known that interpretation= 48.68, analysis= 40.13, inference= 64.47, fluency= 52.68 and originality= 40.79 while for MTs Al-Huda students are interpretation= 61.18, analysis= 40.79, inference= 53.57, fluency= 38.16 and originality= 45.24. Based on the interview results it is also known that the low level of students’ HOTs is because students are not accustomed to solving HOTs questions and the unavailability of HOTs questions that specifically measure HOTs in schools, so it is hoped that further research on questions of HOTs.
Pelatihan Keterampilan Kain Perca untuk Mengurangi Limbah Anorganik
Authors: Dewi Novi Ayu Kristiana , Pratiwi Rani , Muzayyanah Lucky
Published: July 2020

Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk memberikan edukasi tentang bahaya limbah anorganik bagi lingkungan dan kesehatan serta memberikan pelatihan cara pengolahan limbah anorganik berupa kain perca sehingga memiliki nila guna dan nilai ekonomi. Pengabdian ini dilakukan di Desa sumber Baru Kecamatan Lampung Tengah karena berdasarkan hasil prasurvei dari 4 penjahit rumahan di Desa Sumber Baru tersebut belum tahu cara memanfaatkan limbah kain perca. Metode yang dilakukan adalah dengan memberikan edukasi bahaya limbah onorganik dan memberikan pelatihan pengolahan limbah anorganik dari kain perca kepa masyarakat. Berdasarkan hasil kegiatan tersebut masyarakat menjadi peduli terhadap lingkungan dengan mengolah limbah anorganik kain perca menjadi keterampilan yang memiliki niali guna dan nilai ekonomi, seperti bros dan bandana.Patchwork Cloth Skills Training to Reduce Inorganic WasteAbstractThe purpose of this community service activity is to provide education about the dangers of inorganic waste to the environment and health and to provide training in how to treat inorganic waste in the form of patchwork so that it has value and economic value. This dedication was carried out in Sumber Baru Village, Central Lampung District because based on the results of a survey of 4 home tailors in Sumber Baru Village, they did not yet know how to utilize patchwork waste. The method used is to educate the dangers of inorganic waste and provide training in the treatment of inorganic waste from patchwork to the community. Based on the results of these activities the community becomes concerned about the environment by treating patchwork inorganic waste into skills that have value and economic value, such as brooches and bandanas.
UMA REFLEXÃO QUANTO A APRENDIZAGEM E AUTONOMIA DAS PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS NA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DE PROFESSORES DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA
Authors: Viola Juliana Cristina , Bezerra Thiago Augusto Rochetti , Politano Hugo , Pereira Adriano de Almeida , Oliveira Matheus Valério Almeida , Carvalho Alexandre Freitas de , Guedes Uebister Igor dos Santos , Passos Ricardo Pablo , Vilela Junior Guanis de Barros , Moura Paula Nascimento da Silva
Published: July 2020

O aumento da oferta de cursos de graduação em Educação Física pode estar relacionado, dentre outros fatores, à implantação de políticas públicas de inclusão social que garantiram a expansão no número de vagas no Ensino Superior brasileiro nos últimos anos. Com base nisso, este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma reflexão acerca do processo formativo do discente, com a preocupação de pensar a sua autonomia e práticas enquanto futuro docente a partir de sua formação inicial. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de revisão bibliográfica, foram analisados artigos já publicados, selecionados a partir de 4 critérios de inclusão: (1) artigos originais; (2) estudos que avaliaram a aprendizagem de alunos de cursos de Licenciatura em Educação Física; (3) publicados em português; (4) publicados nos últimos 10 anos. Os artigos, que não atenderam a esses critérios foram excluídos da revisão. Dos 236 artigos encontrados 7 corresponderam a todos os critérios de inclusão. A partir das análises, foi possível concluir que, através da formação inicial os futuros docentes têm a possibilidade de construir seus conhecimentos quanto a prática pedagógica e criar um repertório de experiências teóricas e práticas que lhes possibilitam uma atuação de forma autônoma, sabendo lidar com as adversidades que irá encontrar em sua atuação como professor.
PERFIL CLÍNICO E EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DOS PACIENTES PORTADORES DE HANSENÍASE DA UNIDADE DE REFERÊNCIA ESPECIALIZADA EM DERMATOLOGIA SANITÁRIA DR MARCELO CÂNDIA
Authors: Ferreira Tereza Cristina dos Reis , Monteiro Luane Vanzeler , Santos Ana Paula Mendes Kós , Costa Késsya Alves da , Torres Lorena Silva , Falcão Lee bezerra
Published: July 2020

Estudo retrospectivo de corte observacional com variáveis de caráter quantitativo, realizado a partir da coleta de fichas de notificação de pacientes portadores de hanseníase da Unidade de Referência Especializada em Dermatologia Sanitária Dr. Marcello Cândia no período de 2002 a 2011, com o objetivo de traçar o perfil epidemiológico da hanseníase no grupo de pacientes estudados. As variáveis estudadas constam da ficha de notificação e controle da hanseníase. Observou-se predominância de casos no sexo masculino (62,3%); Em relação a faixa etária foi de 15 a 59 anos (68,3%); quanto à raça 77,7% são pardos. Com relação a escolaridade de 4 a 7 anos apresentou 30%. Marituba representa 26,5% dos prontuários investigados, sendo que a procedência urbana representou 89,7% dos casos. Quanto ao número de lesões cutâneas 41,8% apresentou mais de 5 lesões. A maioria apresentou ausência de troncos acometidos (39,3%) e 64,2% não apresentavam nenhum tipo de incapacidade. A forma clínica com maior prevalência foi a multibacilar (76,1%), com predominância da forma clínica dimorfa (53,0%); além disso 74,5% iniciaram com 12 doses de poliquimioterapia (sob a forma multibacilar), seguida de 23,1% com 6 doses. Referente ao modo de entrada, verificou-se a prevalência de casos novos (76,6%) e 63,2% dos pacientes mantinham contato com uma a quatro pessoas. Dos pacientes notificados, 34,5% apresentaram baciloscopia negativa. Não houve crescimento homogêneo em novos casos notificados no período de 2002 a 2011,ocorrendo períodos de crescimento e decréscimo com alternância entre os anos.
Synthesis and Applications of Processable Prussian Blue Nanoparticles
Authors: Prem C. Pandey  , Priyanshi Pandey
Published: July 2020

The present report describes a comparative study on chemical synthesis of processable Prussian blue Nanoparticles (PBNPs) suitable for developing PB-based devices. Controlled nucleation of PBNP from single precursors, Potassium hexacyanoferrate, has been recorded as a function of reducing and stabilizing ability of some active organic reducing agents. The use of organic reagent control the nucleation process yielding PBNPs displaying both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Four different systems of active organic reducing agents i.e.: (1) 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (3-APTMS) and cyclohexanone, (2) tetrahydrofuran hydroperoxide, (3) tetrahydrofuran and hydrogen peroxide and (4) tetrahydrofuran hydroperoxide and 2-(3, 4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane resulted the formation of PBNP1, PBNP2, PBNP3 and PBNP4 displaying sensitivity of analysis to the order of 480, 330 350 and 400 mA mM-1 cm-2 respectively.The as reported process also enable the controlled synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles introducing new rout for yielding Prussian blue-noble metal nanoparticle nanocomposite that manipulate the catalytic/elecrocatalytic activity for targeted system. As made PBNPs undergo the formation of homogeneous nanodispersion with gold nanoparticles and ruthenium bipyridyl with gradual enhancement in the catalytic activity. The typical application in probing glucose oxidase catalyzed reaction based on both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis has been recorded. In addition the synthetic approach could also be explored to incorporate Prussian blue and palladium nanoparticles in mesoporous matrix for developing variety of PB-based devices.
CONTINUING VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AS A COMPONENT OF THE FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES OF THE TEACHER OF HIGHER SCHOOL
Authors: Дикова Татьяна Владимировна , Смирнова Елена Алексеевна
Published: July 2020

Целью данной работы является рассмотрение непрерывного профессионального образования преподавателей высшей школы, и как следствие, формирование их профессиональных компетенций на протяжении всей жизни.

The aim of this work is to consider the continuing professional education of teachers of higher education, and as a result, the formation of their professional competencies throughout life.
CARGO RECIPIENT AS A SUBJECT OF THE CARGO TRANSPORTATION AGREEMENT
Authors: Шахаева Фатима Магомедовна
Published: July 2020

В статье рассматривается вопрос отнесения грузополучателя к субъектам договора перевозки грузов, научно-теоретические подходы к данному положению, особенности правового регулирования.

The article considers the issue of assigning the consignee to the subjects of the contract for the carriage of goods, scientific and theoretical approaches to this provision, features of legal regulation.
ROLE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCE IN SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Туктарова Лилия Равильевна
Published: July 2020

Рассматриваются вопросы и положения значимости экономической науки в развитии общества, определены критерии и принципы экономической науки в современном аспекте.

Issues and the importance of economic science in the development of society are examined, the criteria and principles of economic science in the modern aspect are determined.
COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND DATABASES: LEGAL PROTECTION MATTERS
Authors: Возкаев Сайд-Умар Сайд-Алиевич
Published: July 2020

В статье поднимаются актуальные вопросы правовой охраны компьютерных программ и баз данных как самостоятельных объектов авторского права, предлагаются отдельные решения, рассматривается значение договора ВОИС по авторскому праву.

The article raises topical issues of legal protection of computer programs and databases as independent objects of copyright, proposes individual solutions, considers the significance of the WIPO copyright treaty.
LEGAL REGULATION OF BUSINESS ACTIVITY OF THE MOSCOW REGION PEASANTRY IN THE POST-REFORM PERIOD
Authors: Бирюкова Анастасия Михайловна
Published: July 2020

В данной статье рассмотрены основные нормативно-правовые акты российского государства в отношении крестьян столичной губернии в конце XIX - начале XX вв. Автор показывает влияние этих документов на социально-экономическое положение подмосковного крестьянства в указанный период.

This article touches upon the main regulatory legal Russian acts in relation to the peasants of the capital province in the late XIX - early XX centuries. The author shows the influence of these documents on the socio-economic situation of the peasantry near Moscow during the period.
JUDICIAL PROTECTION OF HOUSES OF HOUSING AND COMMUNAL SERVICES
Authors: Возкаев Сайд-Умар Сайд-Алиевич
Published: July 2020

Судебная защита - один из наиболее действенных способов защиты нарушенных прав, не лишённый при этом отдельных недостатков. В данной статье рассматриваются основные положения института судебной защиты прав потребителей жилищно-коммунальных услуг.

Judicial protection is one of the most effective ways to protect violated rights, while not without some drawbacks. This article discusses the main provisions of the institution of judicial protection of the rights of consumers of housing and communal services.
ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY FOR OFFENSES IN THE FIELD OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Authors: Коломоец Дарья Алексеевна
Published: July 2020

В данной статье рассмотрены проблемы реализации административной ответственности субъектов малого и среднего бизнеса за правонарушения, совершенные ими в сфере предпринимательской деятельности. Большое внимание уделено вопросам вины юридических лиц при совершении правонарушений и привлечении их к административной ответственности.

This article discusses the problems of implementing administrative responsibility of small and medium-sized businesses for offenses committed by them in the field of business. Much attention is paid to the issues of guilt of legal entities when committing offenses and bringing them to administrative responsibility.
THE EFFECT OF ANTI-CORROSION PROPERTIES OF ALKYD COATINGS
Authors: Степин Сергей Николаевич , Холмуродов Темурали Аширали угли , Мирзаев Ойбек Олимжон угли
Published: July 2020

Методами хронопотенциометрии и мониторинга емкости системы окрашенный металл - электролит показана способность гидрокси-2-этилгексан-1,1-дифосфоновой кислоты усиливать защитную способность алкидных покрытий и установлено оптимальное содержание добавки.

Methods of Hronopotentsiometry and monitoring capacity of the system painted metal - electrolyte show the ability of hydroxy-2-etilgeksan-1,1-diphosphonic acid to strengthen the protective qualities of alkyd coverings and it is established the optimal content of additive.
CONTRACTUAL AND NON-CONTRACTUAL LIABILITY IN CIVIL LAW: CONCEPT AND RELATIONSHIP
Authors: Хамидов Хаджи-Мурад Абдулаевич
Published: July 2020

В статье рассматриваются такие разновидности гражданско-правовой ответственности как договорная и внедоговорная. Приводятся их определения и соотношение.

The article considers such types of civil liability as contractual and non-contractual. Their definitions and correlation are given.
Improving Pediatric Hearing Testing for Children with Developmental Delays: The Effects of Video Modeling on Child Compliance and Caregiver Stress
Authors: Roberts Megan Y. , Rosenwasser Jennifer , Phelan Jennifer , Hampton Lauren H.
Published: July 2020

Background For children with developmental delays (DDs) of any kind (e.g., global DDs, autism spectrum disorder, and Down syndrome), it is essential to understand if a hearing loss may be contributing to these delays. However, toddlers with DDs may have difficulty understanding directions, may be uncomfortable with a new situation, or may simply not want to complete the hearing testing tasks. Regardless of the reasons, noncompliant behaviors have a negative impact on hearing testing, which requires reliable behavioral responses from the child.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to test a video intervention to improve hearing testing compliance in toddlers with developmental disabilities.

Research Design Double-blind randomized clinical trial.

Study Sample Twenty-four children with DDs between 24 and 36 months of age.

Intervention Video model of the hearing testing procedures.

Data Collection and Analysis The primary child outcome measure was the number of hearing tests completed by the audiologist. Caregiver outcome included a parent survey of perceived stress level before and after the evaluation.

Results There was no significant difference between treatment and control groups regarding the number of hearing tests that were completed. Parents in the treatment group reported less stress following the evaluation as compared with parents of children in the control group.

Conclusions Pre-exposure to the hearing testing procedures did not significantly improve patient compliance but may reduce caregiver stress. Given the high rates of noncompliance in toddlers with DDs, audiologists may benefit from multiple strategies to help improve testing compliance.
Effect of Forward Masking on Frequency Following Response as a Function of Age
Authors: Griz Silvana Maria Sobral , Menezes Denise Costa , Angelo Venâncio Leonardo Gleygson , Holanda da Fonsêca Nathália , do Nascimento Thaís Ohanny , de Araújo Anne Karoline Lima , Andrade Kelly Cristina Lira de , Menezes Pedro de Lemos
Published: July 2020

Background Forward masking occurs when noise is presented before the target signal, making the latter difficult to be perceived. It is related to temporal auditory processing and consequently to speech recognition in noisy environments, which may decline with age. Interest in forward masking has grown in the last years. Studies investigate psychoacoustic and electrophysiological recordings in different age- groups.

Purpose The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of forward masking on frequency following response (FFR) as a function of age.

Research Design Cross-sectional analytical observational study.

Study Sample We assessed 69 normal-hearing participants of both genders assigned to three groups: 40 young individuals (aged 18-25 years, mean age = 22 years 8 months), 21 middle-age individuals (aged 25-55 years, mean age = 37 years 2 months), and 8 seniors (aged <55 years, mean age = 65 years 3 months).

Intervention FFRs were recorded using the /da/ syllable with and without noise.

Data Collection and Analysis The /da/ syllable and speech-shaped noise were monaurally presented to the participants' right ears through ER-3a insert earphones. Electrodes were placed in M1 and M2 (-), Fz (+), and Fpz (ground). Acquisition occurred under two conditions: (1) the/da/ syllable presented without the noise and (2) the /da/ syllable presented 4 msec after the noise.

Results Data show that (1) considering the mean values of all participants, there was a significant latency delay of all waves (PV, A, PW, PX, PY, PZ, and O) when the /da/ syllable was presented 4 msec after the masking noise as compared with the condition without noise, that is, forward masking occurred in all components of the FFR responses, and (2) for the youngest group and the middle-age group, forward masking was seen for all waves, except PX in the latter one; for the senior group, an irregular pattern was observed (presence of forward masking in PA, PY, PZ, and O). This pattern may be due to an aging effect on FFR responses even without noise presence, which makes it more difficult to identify forward masking effect in this population. Although it is well documented in the literature that forward masking increases with age, this is less evident on FFR recordings in the senior population.

Conclusions An aging effect was identified in FFR responses. Forward masking was identified in FFR responses of all groups but less evident in senior population.
Kajian Tentang Smart City: Paradigma, Kesempatan, Permasalahan Yang Ada Di Kabupaten Purworejo
Authors: Saputro Wahju Tjahjo , Darminto Bambang Priyo
Published: July 2020

In the last ten years, both academics and researchers have been interested in conducting re-search on smart city and its aspects. The results of their research are focused on one point that the leap in information technology that significantly influences the architecture, infrastructure and community patterns of information needs is fast and can be accessed anywhere. This para-digm gave birth to the concept of smart city, which is a well planned city, cost-effective commu-nity services and good governance for the welfare of society.This study aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the smart city concept that depends on geographical, environmental, economic and social constraints. This paradigm provides an overview of the six dimensions of smart city characteristics with aspects of smart living, smart mobility, smart people, smart economy, smart environment, smart government. Modern city life is part of the community in fulfilling their daily needs. People are accustomed to high mobility between cities because of work, entertainment, education, the phenomenon of urbanization and depletion of certain resources.Thanks to the development of information and communication technology, the concept of smart city now provides an opportunity for people to enjoy services, make decisions, find something new and experience many things to improve the quality of life in the smart city era.
JUSTIÇA CIDADÃ: UMA PROPOSTA COMO FORMA DE CELERIDADE PROCESSUAL E EFICÁCIA NAS DECISÕES PROFERIDAS PELO SUPERIOR TRIBUNAL DE JUSTIÇA NAS MATÉRIAS ENVOLVENDO O SANEAMENTO BÁSICO E SUSTENTABILIDADE DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DO MEIO AMBIENTE
Authors: Palau Flores dos Santos Diogo , Antunes Rodrigues Hugo
Published: July 2020

Este artigo, apresentado durante o I Concurso de Artigos Científicos do Superior Tribunal de Justiça em 2019, tem como objetivo  azer um breve percurso sobre a história do Tribunal da Cidadania, bem como fazer uma análise ao Princípio do Mínimo Existencial  gregada à sustentabilidade das políticas públicas, com ênfase no saneamento básico e aplicabilidade prática na respectiva Corte, tema de atual  elevância no cenário mundial e cerne da Agenda 2030 da ONU (Organização das Nações Unidas) em seu objetivo de n. 06.
Colorimetric Determination of Stability Constant of Sulfamethoxazole-Cu(II) Complex at Different Temperatures by Continuous Variation Method
Authors: Ikpeazu O.V. , Otuokere I.E. , Igwe K.K.
Published: July 2020

Sulfamethoxazole is an antibiotic that is used for the treatment of bacterial infections such as prostatitis, bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is effective against gram negative and gram positive bacteria. Classical equation has been used in the calculation of stability constant of SulfamethoxazoleCu(II) complex depending on the theoretical explanation of the stoichiometry. The formation of Cu(II) complex with sulfamethoxazole was studied colorimetrically at an absorption maximum of 430 nm at 25, 30, 35 and 40 oC. The data showed that Cu(II) and sulfamethoxazole combine in the molar ratio of 1:2 at pH 7.4 with ionic strength maintained using 0.1M KNO3. Calculated stability constants values were 4.02 x 106 , 2.93 x 106 , 1.37 x 106 and 9.21 x 105 using continuous variation method. Calculated ∆GƟ for the complex were -3.77 x 104 , -3.75 x 104 , -3.62 x 104 and - 3.57 x 104 . The stoichiometry, stability constant and Gibbs free energy results suggested that sulfamethoxazole used in the study is a good chelating agent and can be an efficient antidote in the therapy of Cu(II) overload or poisoning
Geographic Information System (GIS) for Natural Resources Management in Rural Areas:- A Case Study of Village Jeeda, Block Goniana, District Bathinda (Punjab)
Authors: Singh Charanjeet , Singh Hardeep
Published: July 2020

Geographic Information System is a computer based tool for marking specific Places on maps. It is a collection of map systems, geographic datum and human knowledge makes it possible to present the geography around us with the aid of digital technology. We have collected locations of Work Sites using Google Earth Android Application and Sharing Locations on WhatApp Messenger. We have selected Village Jeeda in District Bathinda(Punjab) for GIS planning of Works which are to be executed under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS). Works related to Natural Resource Management such as Plantation, Renovation of Community Ponds, Maintenance of existing plantation, Irrigation Water Channels Maintenance etc. Block plantation, Ponds are marked with Polygons attributes and Line Plantation, Irrigation Water Channels are marked with paths attributes. GIS has a wide range of applications. It is equally important in Natural Resource Management. The GIS in Natural Resource Management is a resourceful technique in measuring natural resource assets.
The Effectiveness of Oppemei Model for Enhancing Student’s Creative Thinking Skill in Science Basic Concepts Learning
Authors: Tri Agustiana I Gusti Ayu , Agustini Rudiana , Ibrahim Muslimin , Tika I Nyoman
Published: July 2020

This study was conducted to find out the effectiveness of OPPEMEI model for enhancing student’s creative thinking skill. This study was started by developing science basic concepts teaching material for the topics of Material Change by using the 4-D model. The subjects were the third semester students of Elementary Education Department of the Faculty of Education Science, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Singaraja, Bali, Indonesia with the total number of 117 students divided into four classes: Classes A, B, C and F. The results showed that the validity of the teaching material falls into the vary valid category. OPPEMEI model is effective for enhancing student’s creative thinking skill with the first cycle gain score in the low category for Class F, the second cycle in the medium category for Class C, the third cycle in the medium category for Class B and the fourth cycle in the high category for Class A. There is a significant difference between the pre-test score and the post-test score for the four classes based on the t-test analysis (N-Gain score). There were some changes in the students’ creative thinking skill from medium to high category in the indicators of fluency, flexibility, elaboration, and evaluation, while the indicator of originality was in the medium category
Hunting Distant BL Lacertae Objects with the Photometric Technique Using Swift and SARA
Authors: Rajagopal M. , Kaur A. , Ajello M. , Rau A. , Domínguez A. , Cenko B. , Greiner J. , Hartmann D. H.
Published: July 2020

BL Lacertae objects represent a large fraction (22%) of γ-ray sources in the Third Fermi Large Area Telescope catalog (3FGL). Nearly half of the BL Lac object population remains without a redshift because of their featureless optical spectra. We aim to increase the number of BL Lac objects with a redshift measurement by using the photometric technique. For this work, we have used six Swift-UVOT filters and SDSS g′, r′, i′, and z′ optical filters mounted on the 0.65 m SARA–CTIO located in Chile and the 1.0 m SARA–ORM in the Canary Islands. A sample of 45 sources was selected from the 3FGL catalog for which photometry was performed in 10 optical and UV filters to obtain redshift measurements. We found three sources with z > 1.3, while reliable upper limits have been provided for 17 sources. The results presented here bring the total number of high-z (z > 1.3) BL Lac objects to 29.
Detection of the Diffuse H i Emission in the Circumgalactic Medium of NGC 891 and NGC 4565
Authors: Das Sanskriti , Sardone Amy , Leroy Adam K. , Mathur Smita , Gallagher Molly , Pingel Nickolas M. , Pisano D. J. , Heald George
Published: July 2020

We present detections of 21 cm emission from neutral hydrogen (H i) in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of the local edge-on galaxies NGC 891 and NGC 4565 using the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT). With our 5σ sensitivity of

cm−2 calculated over a 20 km s−1 channel, we achieve

detections out to

along the minor axes. The velocity width of the CGM emission is as large as that of the disk

km s−1, indicating the existence of a diffuse component permeating the halo. We compare our GBT measurements with interferometric data from the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT). The WSRT maps the H i emission from the disk at high signal-to-noise ratio but has limited surface brightness sensitivity at the angular scales probed with the GBT. After convolving the WSRT data to the spatial resolution of the GBT (FWHM = 9.′1), we find that the emission detected by the WSRT accounts for

% (

%) of the total flux recovered by the GBT from the CGM of NGC 891 (NGC 4565). The existence of significant GBT-only flux suggests the presence of a large amount of diffuse, low column density H i  emission in the CGM. For reasonable assumptions, the extended diffuse H i  could account for 5.2 ± 0.9% and 2.0 ± 0.8% of the total H i  emission of NGC 891 and NGC 4565.
Spectral Diversities of Gamma-Ray Bursts in High-energy Bands: Hints from Turbulent Cascade
Authors: Mao Jirong , Li Liande , Wang Jiancheng
Published: July 2020

We statistically examine the gamma-ray burst (GRB) photon indices obtained by the Fermi-GBM and Fermi-LAT observations and compare the LAT GRB photon indices to the GBM GRB photon indices. We apply the jitter radiation to explain the GRB spectral diversities in the high-energy bands. In our model, the jitter radiative spectral index is determined by the spectral index of the turbulence. We classify GRBs into three classes depending on the shape of the GRB high-energy spectrum when we compare the GBM and LAT detections: the GRB spectrum is concave (GRBs turn out to be softer and are labeled as S-GRBs), the GRB spectrum is convex (GRBs turn out to be harder and are labeled as H-GRBs), and the GRBs have no strong spectral changes (labeled as N-GRBs). A universal Kolmogorov index 7/3 in the turbulent cascade is consistent with the photon index of the N-GRBs. The S-GRB spectra can be explained by the turbulent cascade due to the kinetic magnetic reconnection with the spectral index range of the turbulence from 8/3 to 3.0. The H-GRB spectra originate from the inverse turbulent cascade with the spectral index range of the turbulence from 2.0 to 3.5 that occurred during the large lengthscale magnetic reconnection. Thus, the GRB radiative spectra are diversified because the turbulent cascade modifies the turbulent energy spectrum. More observational samples are expected in the future to further identify our suggestions.
Impact of Ordered and Disordered Magnetic Fields on Multiwavelength Emission of Blazars
Authors: Joshi Manasvita , Marscher Alan P. , Böttcher Markus
Published: July 2020

We present a detailed analysis of the effects of magnetic field topology on the spectral energy distribution (SED) and spectral variability patterns (SVPs) of blazars. In order to study these effects, we have extended our time-dependent leptonic jet model (in the internal shock scenario) to include the dependence of the synchrotron emissivity on the angle between the photon direction and the magnetic field in the plasma frame. We have explored the effects of different magnetic field geometries, such as parallel, perpendicular, oblique, toroidal, and helical, on the simulated SEDs and SVPs of a generic blazar for both purely ordered and disordered components of fields. These considerations provide either upper or lower limits to the impact on blazar emission, depending on the fraction of a disordered component present and the viewing angle. The results of our work point out some of the signatures that the orientations can leave on the SEDs and SVPs of a blazar. For example, in the case of a purely oblique field, if the magnetic field is aligned along the line of sight (in the plasma frame), it results in an annulment of the synchrotron component while keeping the flux level of the high-energy component intact. On the other hand, in the presence of a disordered component, the impact of an oblique field is reduced, and the same effect is not observed.
Hybrid Very Long Baseline Interferometry Imaging and Modeling with themis
Authors: Broderick Avery E. , Pesce Dominic W. , Tiede Paul , Pu Hung-Yi , Gold Roman
Published: July 2020

Generating images from very long baseline interferometric observations poses a difficult, and generally not unique, inversion problem. This problem is simplified by the introduction of constraints, some generic (e.g., positivity of the intensity) and others motivated by physical considerations (e.g., smoothness, instrument resolution). It is further complicated by the need to simultaneously address instrumental systematic uncertainties and sparse coverage in the u–v plane. We report a new Bayesian image reconstruction technique in the parameter estimation framework Themis that has been developed for the Event Horizon Telescope. This has two key features: first, the full Bayesian treatment of the image reconstruction makes it possible to generate a full posterior for the images, permitting a rigorous and quantitative investigation into the statistical significance of image features. Second, it is possible to seamlessly incorporate directly modeled features simultaneously with image reconstruction. We demonstrate this second capability by incorporating a narrow, slashed ring in reconstructions of simulated M87 data in an attempt to detect and characterize the photon ring. We show that it is possible to obtain high-fidelity photon ring sizes, enabling mass measurements with accuracies of 2%–5% that are essentially insensitive to astrophysical uncertainties, and creating opportunities for precision tests of general relativity.
The Axisymmetric Streaming Instability in Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Pan Liubin
Published: July 2020

We reexamine the streaming instability in protoplanetary disks under the axisymmetric geometry. We identify the roles of all the relevant physical processes and clarify the clustering mechanism of dust, offering a new physical interpretation. Through back-reaction, the dust density fluctuations in combination with the mean relative drift velocity provide a source for the gas velocity, which in turn drives the velocity and divergence of the dust flow. In the limit where the dust-to-gas ratio

, the action of the Coriolis force on the radial gradient of the azimuthal dust velocity generates the divergence of the dust. In the opposite limit

, the vertical gradient of the vertical dust velocity makes the main contribution to the dust divergence. The different dust clustering mechanisms at

and

are referred to as Mode I and Mode II, respectively. In both cases, the dust divergence further enhances the dust density fluctuations, resulting in a positive feedback loop. In Mode I (or Mode II), the growth rate is contributed by the mean azimuthal (or radial) drag force in the gas equation of motion, while the mean radial (or azimuthal) drag tends to reduce it. The instability makes a transition from Mode I to Mode II when the coupling between the perturbed gas and dust velocities is stronger than the Coriolis force in the gas equations, which occurs at

and

for Stokes numbers St < 1 and St > 1, respectively.
Feasibility of Ion-cyclotron Resonant Heating in the Solar Wind
Authors: Navarro Roberto E. , Muñoz Víctor , Valdivia Juan A. , Moya Pablo S.
Published: July 2020

Wave–particle interactions are believed to be one of the most important kinetic processes regulating the heating and acceleration of solar wind plasma. One possible explanation for the observed preferential heating of alpha (He+2) ions relies on a process similar to a second-order Fermi acceleration mechanism. In this model, heavy ions are able to resonate with multiple counter-propagating ion-cyclotron waves, while protons can encounter only single resonances, resulting in the subsequent preferential energization of minor ions. In this work, we address and test this idea by calculating the number of plasma particles that are resonating with ion-cyclotron waves propagating parallel and antiparallel to an ambient magnetic field

in a proton/alpha plasma with cold electrons. Resonances are calculated through the proper kinetic multispecies dispersion relation of Alfvén waves. We show that 100% of the alpha population can resonate with counter-propagating waves below a threshold

in the differential streaming between protons and He+2 ions, where U
0 = −0.532, a = 1.211, β
0 = 0.0275, and b =0.348 for isotropic ions. This threshold seems to match with constraints of the observed ΔU

αp
in the solar wind for low values of the plasma beta (β

p
). Finally, it is also shown that this process is limited by the growth of plasma kinetic instabilities, a constraint that could explain alpha-to-proton temperature ratio observations in the solar wind at 1 au.
Predicted Masses of Galactic Cepheids in the Gaia Data Release 2
Authors: Marconi Marcella , Somma Giulia De , Ripepi Vincenzo , Molinaro Roberto , Musella Ilaria , Leccia Silvio , Moretti Maria Ida
Published: July 2020

On the basis of recently computed nonlinear convective pulsation models of Galactic Cepheids, spanning wide ranges of input stellar parameters, we derive theoretical mass-dependent Period–Wesenheit relations in the Gaia bands, namely, G, G
BP, and G
BR, that are found to be almost independent of the assumed efficiency of superadiabatic convection. The application to a selected subsample of the Gaia Data Release 2 Galactic Cepheids database allows us to derive mass-dependent estimates of their individual distances. By imposing their match with the astrometric values inferred from Gaia, we are able to evaluate the individual mass of each pulsator. The inferred mass distribution is peaked around 5.6M
⊙ and 5.4M
⊙ for the F and FO pulsators, respectively. If the estimated Gaia parallax offset

mas is applied to Gaia parallaxes before imposing their coincidence with the theoretical ones, the inferred mass distribution is found to shift toward lower masses, namely, ∼5.2M
⊙ and 5.1M
⊙ for the F and FO pulsators, respectively. The comparison with independent evaluations of the stellar masses, for a subset of binary Cepheids in our sample, seems to support the predictive capability of the current theoretical scenario. By forcing the coincidence of our mass determinations with these literature values we derive an independent estimate of the mean offset to be applied to Gaia DR2 parallaxes,

mas, slightly higher but in agreement within the errors with the Riess et al. value.