bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le général Gouraud, parcours d'un colonial (1867-1946)
Authors: d'Andurain Julie
Published: December 2013

Julie d'ANDURAIN : Le général Gouraud, parcours d'un colonial (1867-1946).

Le général Henri Gouraud (1 867-1 946), parcours d'un colonial. Henri Joseph Etienne Gouraud se découvre très tôt une attirance pour le monde militaire. Fils d'un médecin parisien, Henri Gouraud étudie au collège Stanislas avant d'intégrer Saint-Cyr. Il fait ensuite ses classes à Montbéliard avant de se décider à partir pour l'Afrique. Par la durée de son service en Afrique (1894-1914), Henri Gouraud doit être considéré avant tout comme un colonial. Sa carrière africaine peut se lire comme un résumé géographique de l'occupation de l'Afrique par les Français. En suivant son parcours colonial, on assiste progressivement à la naissance de l'Afrique Occidentale Française.

Henri Gouraud commence sa carrière au Soudan. Capitaine en 1898, il a l'honneur d'arrêter dans des conditions très difficiles l'Almamy Samory qui, depuis 1881, avait réussi à constituer un Etat musulman très puissant et hostile aux Français. L'arrestation de Samory le propulse auprès des personnalités coloniales de l'époque qui sont sur le point de fonder le Comité de l'Afrique française. Venu en France pour des conférences sur le Soudan, Henri Gouraud fait la connaissance du Prince d'Arenberg, du lieutenant-colonel Lyautey, du général Gallieni et de l'explorateur Binger, mais surtout d'Eugène Etienne, âme du groupe colonial à la Chambre des députés, sous-secrétaire d'Etat aux Colonies de 1889 à 1892 qui devient son protecteur. Grâce à ce dernier, la carrière du jeune chef de bataillon avance très vite. Promu Commandant en 1901, il prend la direction d'une colonne dans le IIIe Territoire militaire au Tchad, puis est maintenu comme Commandant du Territoire militaire de l'Oubangui-Chari. Colonel en 1906, il est appelé pour servir comme Commissaire du Gouvernement en Mauritanie à la demande du Gouverneur général Roume. Il réclame alors l'autorisation de mener la campagne de l'Adrar afin de réduire les tribus qui viennent assaillir les Français en Mauritanie. Le colonel Gouraud appelle de ses vœux la jonction entre la Mauritanie et le Maroc. Une fois l'Adrar conquise et pacifiée en 1910, il rejoint l'équipe de Lyautey au Maroc. La réduction des rebelles après la révolte des Tabors de Fez lui permet de gagner les étoiles de général de brigade (1912) ; il est alors le plus jeune général de l'Armée Française. Enfin en mai 1914, les généraux Gouraud et Aumgarten établissent la jonction des deux Maroc. Après celle des missionnaires et des explorateurs, puis celle des militaires-explorateurs, Gouraud appartient à une autre génération de coloniaux africains, celle des militaires-administrateurs, chargés de pacifier les régions avant de les transmettre aux administrateurs civils. Sa carrière, particulièrement rapide, peut servir de point de référence pour réfléchir sur l'avancement des militaires aux colonies.
Les conseils des notables au Togo. Du mandat à la tutelle (1922-1958) : tribunes d'expression d'une future opposition.
Authors: Obuibé Bassa Komla
Published: December 2013

Komla Obuibé BASSA : Les Conseils des notables au Togo du mandat à la tutelle française (1922-1958) : tribunes d'expression d'une future opposition au pouvoir colonial.

Après la Première guerre mondiale - qui prit fin au Togo dès 1914 -, le territoire du Schutzgebiet Togo, créé 30 ans auparavant par les Allemands et occupé durant les combats par les Français (2/3) et les Britanniques (1/3), fut confirmé le 10 juillet 1919, placé sous mandat « B » par la Société des Nations le 20 juillet 1920 puis sous tutelle des Nations Unies le 13 décembre 1946. La portion occupée par les Britanniques sera intégrée à la Gold Coast en 1956 mais la zone d'occupation française est demeurée une entité à part et constitue le territoire du Togo français (Togo actuel). L'administration coloniale y prit à partir de 1920 une série de dispositions destinées d'une part à effacer les traces de leurs prédécesseurs (interdiction de la pratique de la langue allemande, suppression du Mark, etc.), d'autre part à apprivoiser les populations réticentes particulièrement celles de la capitale Lomé qui avaient auparavant affirmé leur préférence au régime anglais. C'est dans cette optique que furent institués à partir de 1922 les conseils des notables, composés de chefs coutumiers et d'une élite « indigène ».

S'il est reconnu qu'en AOF ces structures ne représentaient que des chambres d'enregistrement des décisions des commandants de cercles (les des notables se limitaient à des avis consultatifs sur les impôts, les prestations et les diverses patentes, accessoirement sur les travaux publics souhaitables et les questions d'hygiène), il faut souligner qu'au Togo elles permirent l'éclosion d'une vie politique particulièrement précoce et originale. Tout d'abord désignés par les chefs de villages ou de canton, les membres seront élus à partir de 1925, soit vingt ans avant les autres territoires coloniaux français. Il faut considérer ces conseils en premier lieu comme des associations de cadres locaux - auxiliaires indispensables qu'il était nécessaire de séduire - qui participaient à l'élaboration des décisions administratives, politiques et économiques, mais également comme des tribunes pour l'expression d'une future opposition au pouvoir colonial. L'accès à une certaine légitimité politique conférée par ce pouvoir lui-même, fournit à ces structures « indigènes » le cadre nécessaire à la mise en place d'actions de refus ou de protestations vis à vis de certaines décisions. Petit à petit, l'organe initialement créé pour servir de relais auprès des populations ne produira plus l'effet escompté et sera maintes fois utilisé contre l'administration. A travers l'étude des parcours de certains de ces notables, nous aborderons les multiples enjeux politiques sous-tendus par la création et la gestion de ces structures.
Des médiateurs effacés ? Les professeurs d'arabe des collèges et lycées d'Algérie (1840-1940)
Authors: Messaoudi Alain
Published: December 2013

Alain MESSAOUDI : Des médiateurs effacés ? Éléments d'une prosopographie des professeurs d'arabe des collèges et lycées d'Algérie (1840-1940).

La figure du professeur d'arabe me semble présenter un intérêt particulier : à la charnière du monde « européen » et du monde « indigène », il s'agit peut-être d'un milieu intermédiaire permettant d'approcher un espace d'interculturalité. On peut se demander dans quelle mesure ce milieu a été sollicité pour exercer un rôle de médiation dans un contexte colonial où la mémoire des violences de la conquête reste sous-jacente et les oppositions communautaires/nationales toujours vives.

L'étude prosopographique devrait permettre de préciser dans quelle proportion ce groupe est composé de « métropolitains » formés en France, d'« Algériens » issus du monde colonial européen, de juifs et de musulmans d'Algérie, et dans quelle mesure cette proportion évolue avec le temps. On devrait ainsi pouvoir dégager des types correspondant à des profils générationnels différents. Et proposer ainsi une périodisation sans doute significative du point de vue de l'histoire générale de la colonisation. On sera particulièrement attentif à saisir les traits caractéristiques des professeurs qui sont en poste lors des décolonisations, pour examiner leur devenir dans les pays nouvellement indépendants, en France, ou ailleurs. Ce travail prosopographique a été déjà partiellement réalisé dans le cadre d'une thèse de doctorat en cours d'achèvement.

Le corpus est suffisamment limité pour être traité exhaustivement, au moins pour ce qui est de l'Algérie. Pendant la période 1830-1880, le nombre des professeurs est très limité. L'étude prosopographique proprement dite doit donc concerner avant tout la période 1 880-1962, après l'institution de titres spécifiquement exigés des candidats à l'enseignement de l'arabe et après l'instauration de concours de recrutement en 1906.

Les annuaires de l'université française permettent de recenser les professeurs d'arabe en Algérie. Leur identification permet d'accéder à leurs dossiers de carrière conservés dans la série F 17 aux archives nationales de France (une dérogation est nécessaire pour le personnel né après 1885). Les archives du rectorat d'Alger, conservées aux archives nationales d'Algérie, devraient permettre de compléter cette documentation. L'exploitation des sources concernant les professeurs qui ont fait l'ensemble de leur carrière en Tunisie et au Maroc est plus difficile : les archives concernant le personnel en activité dans les collèges et lycées dépendant des directions de l'instruction publique des Etats tunisien et marocain sont conservées à Tunis et à Rabat, sans que nous puissions être aujourd'hui assurés de pouvoir y accéder. Des entretiens avec d'anciens professeurs ou des membres de leur famille peuvent permettre de combler certaines lacunes de la documentation.
Greater Sage-Grouse Nest Predators in the Virginia Mountains of Northwestern Nevada
Authors: Lockyer Zachary B. , Coates Peter S. , Casazza Michael L. , Espinosa Shawn , Delehanty David J.
Published: December 2013

Greater sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus, hereafter sage-grouse, populations have declined across their range due to the loss, degradation, and fragmentation of habitat. Habitat alterations can lead not only to vegetative changes but also to shifts in animal behavior and predator composition that may influence population vital rates, such as nest success. For example, common ravens Corvus corax are sage-grouse nest predators, and common raven abundance is positively associated with human-caused habitat alterations. Because nest success is a central component to sage-grouse population persistence, research that identifies factors influencing nest success will better inform conservation efforts. We used videography to unequivocally identify sage-grouse nest predators within the Virginia Mountains of northwestern Nevada, USA, from 2009 to 2011 and used maximum likelihood to calculate daily probability of nest survival. In the Virginia Mountains, fires, energy exploration, and other anthropogenic activities have altered historic sage-grouse habitat. We monitored 71 sage-grouse nests during the study, placing video cameras at 39 nests. Cumulative nest survival for all nests was 22.4% (95% CI, 13.0–33.4%), a survival rate that was significantly lower than other published results for sage-grouse in the Great Basin. Depredation was the primary cause for nest failure in our study (82.5%), and common ravens were the most frequent sage-grouse nest predator, accounting for 46.7% of nest depredations. We also successfully documented a suite of mammalian and reptilian species depredating sage-grouse nests, including some predators never previously confirmed in the literature to be sage-grouse nest predators (i.e., bobcats Lynx rufus and long-tailed weasels Mephitis frenata). Within the high elevation, disturbed habitat of the Virginia Mountains, low sage-grouse nest success may be limiting sage-grouse population growth. These results suggest that management actions that restore habitat in the Virginia Mountains and decrease anthropogenic subsidies of ravens will benefit sage-grouse.
Electro-Migration Corrosion Inhibitors for Chlorides Induced Corrosion in Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Hu Xiao Dong , Huang Jun You , Li Zhi Qing , Weng Song Gan
Published: December 2013

In connection with the reinforced concrete deterioration by chlorides, a new electro-migration corrosion inhibitors which can move to the surface of rebar covered by 100mm protective layer, was used. And through the test of macro galvanic current, weight lost and corrosion potential, the effect of corrosion inhibitors was studied. The result showed that, with the reasonable treatment, a stable, long-term effectiveness of corrosion inhibition could be obtained.
Large-Span Cable-Stayed Bridge Seismic Response Analysis Considering Traveling Wave Effect
Authors: Zhao Juan Juan
Published: December 2013

In this paper, three-tower cable-stayed bridge Jinan Jianbang as the researched object, is to built to two models of the bridge with piles and without piles using the finite element software , and is made dynamic characteristic analysis. Meanwhile it is compared the control force of and the elastic response spectra and time history analysis under different conditions.At the same time ,bridge model without pile is excitated by multi-point for traveling wave effect analysis. The results show that pile-soil effects make more greater impact on forces of large span structures, and traveling wave effect on the adverse effects of large-span cable-stayed bridge shoule be considered in the seismic design.
Research Status for Nonstructural Components under Severe Earthquake
Authors: Wang Duo Zhi , Dai Jun Wu
Published: December 2013

This paper introduces the seismic damage of nonstructural system under severe earthquake at home and abroad. Then seismic research on nonstructural system is little, and that does not match to severe damage, especially the nonstructural system cost high proportions of total price. Damage of nonstructural system has affected people in the life and property safety in the earthquake. Moreover, the paper pays more attention to ceiling system under seismic.
Analysis of In-Plane Equivalent Elastic Modulus of Aluminum Honeycomb Cores Based on Finite Element Method
Authors: Chen Ming , Xu Xu Can , Liu Jin Fei
Published: December 2013

In order to overcome the low precision of analytic formulas for equivalent elastic modulus of honeycomb, the in-plane deformations of honeycomb are simulated numerically through finite element analysis (FEA) software Ansys. The representative volume element (RVE) is firstly selected and modeled in 3D, according to the repetition of honeycomb cell. Then the deformations of RVE under three different boundary conditions are discussed on several premises. And the equivalent elastic modulus of two specifications of honeycomb from experiments, analytic formulas of Gibson and FEAs simulation results are presented and compared, adequately proving the effectiveness of the above method. Finally, the fitting formulas of equivalent elastic modulus that are convenient for engineering application are proposed by analyzing series of different sizes honeycomb.
Study on the Thermodynamics and Dynamics of In Situ Ni-Al/Al Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composite
Authors: Zhao Long Zhi , Xiao Jian , Zhang Jian , Zhao Ming Juan
Published: December 2013

In-situ Ni-Al Intermetallic compound reinforced aluminum matrix was fabricated by powder metallurgy technology. By the use of Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), microstructure, thermodynamics and dynamics was investigated in this paper. The results show that in-situ Ni-Al/Al composite consists of primary α-Al phase and NiAl reinforcement. In addition, Ni-Al/Al system dynamics model was established. From the dynamics model, the main factors affecting the reaction rate of the system are heating temperature, nickel content and the diffusion layer thickness δ. During the temperature of 400~460°C, NiAl intermetallic compound can be obtained.
Preparation and Anti-Corrosion Performance of Conductive Copolymer (aniline-co-pyrrole)/TiO2 Composite
Authors: Lv Long Fei , Lin Sheng Ling , Chen Chuan Xiang
Published: December 2013

Copolymer (aniline-co-pyrrole)/TiO2 composites with different TiO2 contents were prepared by chemical oxidative polymerization method. The crystal structure and morphology evolution of composites were characterized by XRD and SEM. Using Tafel polarization plots and temporal OCP to study the anti-corrosion properties of Pani/py/TiO2+EP coatings in 3.5% NaCl solution at the same time. It has been found that the anti-corrosion abilities of the composite are strongest when the TiO2 content accounts for 30%, which shows better abilities of metal protection than Pani and Pani/py.
Influence of Free Volume on Residual Solvents of SiO2 Modified Polypropylene Films
Authors: Zhang Jing Yong , Li Dong Li , Xu Wen Cai , Fu Ya Bo
Published: December 2013

Nano inorganic particles, as a kind of rigid inorganic particles, can combine the characteristics of organic polymers and inorganic to obtain the composite materials with excellent comprehensive properties. In this thesis, nanosilica after surface modification was used as the modified agent, adding to polypropylene materials to get a series of polypropylene films with different content of nanosilica. Free volume characterizations of different polypropylene films were measured using the positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy technique, and the residual solvents values were measured. Researches show that the free volume of polypropylene films changes result from the changes of nanosilica content. With the free volume of polypropylene films decreases, the residual solvents values become lower.
Crystallization Kinetics Analysis and SPS Consolidation of Mechanical Alloyed Fe79Ti16P5 Amorphous Powders
Authors: Tang Cui Yong , Xiao Zhi Yu , Zhuang Zhe Feng , Dai Wen Pan , Meng Su Ge , Zhang Xiang , Chen Xue Yong
Published: December 2013

Amorphous Fe79Ti16P5 alloy powders were synthesized from commercially available elemental powders by mechanical alloying. The microstructure, thermal stability and crystallization kinetic of as-milled powders were analyzed by XRD, SEM and DSC. Moreover, bulk ultrafine-grained materials were fabricated through spark plasma sintering of the amorphous powders. Results show that the amorphous powders exists two exothermal peaks during crystallization process. The effective activation energies for crystallization are obtained 109.14 kJ/mol and 205.97 kJ/mol for Ep1 and Ep2, respectively, by using the Kissinger method. The mechanical properties of the bulk materials are remarkably improved with the increase in the sintering temperatures. The ultimate compressive strength increases from 1282 MPa to 2015 MPa, but absence of ductility.
Fatigue Characteristic of Aluminum Alloy Plates with Different Thickness
Authors: Jian Hai Gen , Du Min Xian , Jiang Feng , Yin Zhi Min
Published: December 2013

The fatigue characteristic of 2124 aluminum alloy in T851 condition was investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). And the result shows that, the fatigue life is closely related to the thickness of plates, this is because that different thickness of plates results in the variation of grain size, grain boundaries and substructures of alloy, which thus influence the fatigue behavior of 2124-T851 alloy. The number of grain boundaries along the propagation direction of cracks and the amount of substructures after heat treatment increase with the decline of thicknesses of 2124 alloy plates, while the grain size is reverse. However, no obvious size and dispersion changes for the precipitates. Comparatively, the fatigue resistance performance of 30mm thickness plate is better than the 40mm and 55mm thickness plates, which is due to the more profitable grain size, grain boundary and substructure.
Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metals in EPS and Cells
Authors: Hao Qiang
Published: December 2013

The distribution characteristics of heavy metals in EPS,inside and outside cells were studied. Extract EPS from MT genetic engineering bacter,then perform the bioleaching experiment .Study the content of heavy metals in EPS and cells.We draw the conclusion that the distribution characteristics of heavy metal ions are in three types: EPS type, intracellular type, balance type.
Effect of Different Winemaking Technologies on Quality in Cabernet Sauvignon Red Wines
Authors: Meng Jian Qing , Zhang Yi Bin , Yang Wei Qiao , Jia Xiao Yu , Li Xi Hong
Published: December 2013

Red wines were made from Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon in China at different methods of maceration. The effects of using different winemaking technologies during maceration on the quality characteristics, in terms of colour, aroma profile and sensory characteristics, of the wines before bottling were evaluated, and made a comparison with the effects of adding skins. Seed contact treatments raised wine colour intensity, proanthocyanidins, tannins, and polyphenols content in comparison to the control wines. However, as indicated in the sensory evolution, the significant increase in astringency intensity was found in the wines with seed contact. Besides, the bitterness of the red wine also increased in the wines with seed contact, but it was not significantly.
A Method for Calculating the Amount of the Deflection and Force-Energy Parameters for Copper-Clad Steel Tube in the Process of Straightening
Authors: Xia Liang Yu , Sun Dong Ming , Kang Gui Rong , Sun Jian
Published: December 2013

Based on Roller Straightening Theory and Elastic-Plastic Beam Research, A Appropriate Mathematical Model of Straightening has Set up.The Author Regards the Tube as a Continuous Bending Beam and Discuss in Detail the Relationship between the Straightening Force and the Bending Moment. Calculating the Amount of Deflection for Tube. in this way ,it Provided a Scientific Basis for the Copper-Clad Steel Tube Straightening Parameter Set and Engineering Application.
The Optimization of Slotting Based on the Power Drive-Through Rack
Authors: Yang Shuai , Shi Meng Zhu , Zhang Qiang , Yu Yang , Zhou Ya Mei , Li Xue Ying
Published: December 2013

Logistics has become "the third profit source", we do the optimization research of storage system based on the power drive-through rack designed by our research group. According to the optimization model and using the Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms, we take a logistics distribution center as an example. Introduct of cargo weight, quantity and warehousing frequency parameters, mimicing the process of natural selection, mutation and evolution in biological world, following the survival of the fittest mechanism, obtain the distribution of cargo space in Power drive-through Rack. High weight goods is in bottom shelves, making the center of goods gravity more lower. High quantity and frequency goods is near the entrances of warehouse; making the distribution become more reasonable. Improve the efficiency and utilization of warehouse.
Direct Solution of Three-Dimensional Turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard Convection
Authors: Xu Wei , Bao Yun , Ding Guang Yu , Zhang Yao Zhong
Published: December 2013

A direct numerical simulation (DNS) of three-dimensional turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard (RB) convection is investigated. An efficient and accurate method to solve pressure Poisson equation in RB convection is presented by fast Fourier transform (FFT) and a high-performance solution of five-diagonal matrix. The three-dimensional turbulent RB convection in a narrow rectangular cell is studied. The motions and characteristics of plumes and large-scale circulation are analyzed.
Computational Technique of the Sliding Interface in Numerical Simulations of 3D Penetration
Authors: Yan Jun , Wang Feng , Shen Jian Hua , Sha Lin
Published: December 2013

Based on the Lagrange finite element method, a simplified computational technique for sliding interface in oblique penetration is proposed in the paper. By applying the 3D finite element program developed on this technique to numerical analog computation of ogive-noded steel rod penetrating in the aluminum target, a result which is consistent with that of A.J.Piekutowskis experiment can be reached. Hence it proves the rationality and validity of the program and method discussed in this paper and that the method is useful in the numerical study of penetration and perforation.
The Energy Relaxation Method for the Verification of Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Xuan Zhao Cheng , Li Yao Hui , Guan Meng
Published: December 2013

The upper bound on the energy norm of solutions is a necessary condition in the present verification methods of the displacement-based finite element method. In this paper, we give a brief review of the existing methods for the upper bounds on the energy norm of solutions. Compared with other verification methods, the energy relaxation method does not require solving a series of sub-problems, but only solving a global problem, that is beneficial to its application and implementation in the verification of nonlinear finite element analysis.
Cross-Deck Slamming Load Calculation of Trimaran Based on Modified Plate Slamming Theory
Authors: Ren Hui Long , Chen Liang Liang , Feng Guo Qing , Duan Fang , Yu Peng Yao
Published: December 2013

Since slamming loads on connecting bridges of trimaran is very important for the structural design. In this paper, trimaran slamming load calculation method is studied. First added mass caused by typical hull section and wet-deck slamming are investigated, then wet-deck slamming peak pressure are gotten by modified flat slamming theory with considered of the effect of air cushion, the regression equation of which is given by statistical process. Finally, the time-spatial distribution of slamming pressure along the wet-deck is given. This method can provide a reference for the preliminary design and operation of trimaran.
Development of a Self-Balancing Cooling System Based on Harvesting Heat via Stirling Engine
Authors: Huang Chung Neng , Yu Zheng Zhong , Lan Chien Kuo
Published: December 2013

Most of days, the summer temperature in Taiwan is higher than 30 degree Celsius. Where, heat dissipation for devices becomes more difficult and needs more electric power. In addition, devices discharging waste heat via traditional ways that accelerates global warming. In order to serve above problems, a self-balanced cooling system is developed. Based on Stirling engine, waste heat is recycled and transformed into a kinetic power. In this paper, this power is used to relieve heat via a fan by devices themselves. Besides, for higher heat input yields larger power to drive a fan and vice versa to Stirling engine, a self-cooling cycle naturally forms under above autonomous control. The feasibility assessment will be confirmed via simulation studies.
Study on Protection Measures of Highway Cutting Soil Slope in Seasonal Frozen Regions
Authors: Wu He , Yu Wen Chong , Ge Qi , Wang Guo Feng , Wang Yi Qi
Published: December 2013

The main causes and influencing factors of artificial side soil slope slide of soil-cutting in seasonal frozen area are analyzed and put forward, and a mechanical theoretical model form is also put forward. Based on checking computation of artificial side slope saturated soil stability in melting period, it provides effective measures by adopting drainage to stabilize side slope instead of cutting it to keep soil-cutting side slope stable in the seasonal frozen area. Then the comprehensive stability technology of side slope by introducing geotextile as lower levels drainage and by adopting net geotextile lattice to stabilize soil and planting Malian grass.
Finite Element Analysis of Input Axis in Six-Speed Transmission
Authors: Zeng Qing Dun , Pan Xin
Published: December 2013

The joint simulation of Virtual Prototype Technology and Finite Element Method was utilized to perform the analysis of both strength and fatigue life of the input axis in a six-speed vehicle transmission with three axes. Firstly, the software Pro/E was used to establish a 3-D model of the input axis and its gear engagement, and the model was then imported into a software ADMAS of the virtual prototype technology to perform a dynamic simulation analysis. Secondly, the gear contact forces obtained by above-mentioned analysis were used as the loading condition of finite element analysis of the input axis to check its strength. Finally, the fatigue of meshing teeth on the input axis was analyzed to determine the fatigue life of the input axis. The results show that the static strength of input axis can meet the requirement of safe use under the working condition of input torque T=1.5kN·m, and the minimum fatigue life on the place where the stress is maximum at flexural root of a tooth is about 2 million times.
Research on Stability Analysis of Soil Slope in Consideration of Creep Property
Authors: Wang Qing Huan , Li Yong Quan
Published: December 2013

The Viscoelasto-Plastic Model with Double Yield Surface is introduced in detail. Finite element equations are introduced when the deformation is considered under Coupled Deformation and Seepage Fields. The response of one soil slope is simulated during rapid drawdown of water level by FEM. The results calculated show that the critical slip surfaces and safety factors by two ways are pretty close. To assure the safety of the slope, the design of anti-slide piles is carried out. Those ways used may provide reference to engineering practice.
Comparative Analysis on Stress-Strain Characteristics for Cement Stabilized Macadam Base in Different Layer Contact Conditions
Authors: Li Bo , Yue Yong He , Zhang Zheng Wei
Published: December 2013

In this paper, roads analysis software bisar 3.0 be used to build an elastic layered system analysis model for cement stabilized macadam base. Different construction methods and structures contact conditions between the layers were comprehensive considered based on the actual pavement structure, in order to analyze the internal stress-strain state of cement stabilized macadam. The results show that interlayer contact conditions is approximately smooth state when cement stabilized macadam base used the traditional two layered construction method, which may occur structural damage between cement stabilized macadam base caused by partial stress concentration. However, the interlayer contact conditions is approximately completely continuous state when used the overall construction methods, and the stress-strain state of cement stabilized macadam can significantly improve by changing interlayer contact conditions. Finally, by changing the construction methods for to change interlayer contact conditions, the stress-strain state of cement stabilized macadam can be effectively improved, and the road performance and service life also be significantly improved.
Comprehensive Prediction of Rockburst in High-Speed Railway Tunnel
Authors: Li Bo , Wu Li , Xu Chang Mao , Li Zhi Gang , Zuo Qing Jun
Published: December 2013

Dayanwan tunnel in Shanghai-Kunming high-speed railway is deeply buried and its rock lithology is brittle and hard. The typical tunnel cross section was selected to do hydraulic fracturing field geostress test. The stress in the measured depth was obtained. In order to forecast the rock burst in the whole tunnel, the finite element inversion method has been used based on field geostress test. Lastly, the stress conditions, lithology, structure characteristics and groundwater conditions of surrounding rock were made as the general conditions to predict the rock burst comprehensively in Dayanwan tunnel. The results show this comprehensive prediction method is more accurate than the single rock burst prediction method used before. And it has a certain guiding significance in practice.
Numerical Simulation on Soil Pressure Distribution Characteristics of Gravity Retaining Wall
Authors: He Fang Ding , Guo Guang Jun , Zhou Zhi Dong , Wu Jian Qing
Published: December 2013

The anchor plays a very important role in gravity retaining wall. The displacement of retaining and soil pressure distribution with anchor is different from that without anchor. The numerical simulation software FLAC3D is used to analysis the soil pressure distribution characteristics of gravity retaining wall. The results show that the anchor plays a supporting role in gravity retaining wall. There is a critical length in the anchor in gravity retaining wall. The soil pressure distribution of gravity retaining wall with anchor does not conform to the classical Coulomb linear distribution theory and more research is needed for the soil pressure distribution theory. The research has important guiding significance on the design and construction development of gravity retaining wall.
The Research on Applied of Cement-Soil Mixing Method Reinforcing Shallow Soft-Soil Foundation in Yinchuan Distric
Authors: Ma Cai Xia
Published: December 2013

Through tests and application, analyzes influential factors & reinforcement effect and application prospects & economic benefits of cement-soil mixing composite foundation, propounds some points of view for stabilizing & reinforcement soft-soil foundation by cement-soil mixing method especially in Yinchan District combined with constructive situation
Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Joint Orientation on the Failure Strength of Rock
Authors: Yan Yue Long , Xu Tao , Zhang Yun Jie , Wasantha P.L.P.
Published: December 2013

The mechanical properties of rock experiencing the variation of joint orientation under uniaxial compression condition were simulated in this paper. Numerical simulations on rock sample in uniaxial compression have been conducted to evaluate the effects of joint orientation on the overall mechanical behaviour of jointed rock masses. It was done using the Rock Failure Process Analysis program RFPA2D. Numerically simulated stress-strain curve, peak stress, peak strain and failure patterns were compared with the corresponding physical tests. Numerical simulations agree well with physical results, it is shown that RFPA2Dis suitable for the analysis of joint orientation effect on rock fracture.
Analysis of Individual Contribution of Two Compression Waves in Vertical Vibration of Water-Saturated Soils
Authors: Yu Jun , Li Zhen , Huang Juan
Published: December 2013

Based on the Biots dynamic consolidation equation, the individual contributions of these two compression waves in vertical vibration of water-saturated soils are analyzed. The equation belong to displacements of solid skeleton is established by using the decoupling of dynamic equation which is combined with boundary conditions to derive an analytic solution about displacements of solid skeleton under the excitation of the individual contributions of these two waves. And then, displacements of pore fluid and pressure of pore water under the excitation of the individual contributions of these two waves are obtained on the basis of that analytic solution. The attenuation of these two types of compression waves influenced by pore permeability is examined and it should be mentioned that, the contribution of the second compression wave is the main consideration when permeability coefficient is large, on the contrary, the contribution of different compression wave should be considered on the different soil column height when permeability coefficient is small.
Physical and Chemical Characteristics of High Clay Content Dredger Fill in Different Regions
Authors: Su Xiao Ping , Song Jing
Published: December 2013

The use of high clay content dredger fill is a popular way to reclaim and create new land for development in coastal areas. In this paper, the dredger fill samples were obtained from 7 locations on the Bohai Sea coast in China. The soils were tested for Granulometric composition, physical composition, chemical composition, and Atterberg Limits. These results are reported. The principle finding shows that the chemical composition of the pore fluids, such as namely problems of drainage and consolidation, has influence on the geotechnical properties of different soils. This work provides the basis for further research on the drainage and consolidation properties of high clay content dredger fill.
Based on ANSYS Buckling-Restrained Brace Frame Structure Shock Absorption Analysis
Authors: He Li Jun , Yao Yong , Chu Yun Peng
Published: December 2013

Whether the design of new structure or reinforcement of the existing projects, structure earthquakereduction design is always the focus of research at home and abroad. The buckling restrained braces won the unanimous endorsement of the engineering sector with good energy dissipation capacity and simpleeasy construction process. This Paper based on the ANSYS analysis the structural response through simulated the bucklingrestrained brace frame structure and the general reinforced concrete frame on effect of the rare earthquake or design earthquake, and analysis the bucklingrestrained braces on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete frame structure. The analysis results show that the seismic performance of reinforced concrete frame with bucklingrestrained braces well, it can effectively reduce the maximum story drift and control structural damage. Therefore, Bucklingrestrained Brace should be used extensively to reinforced concrete framework .
Storey-Adding and Strengthening Design for A Reinforced Concrete Frame Structure
Authors: Wang Fei
Published: December 2013

This paper take a reinforced concrete frame structures storey-adding transformation as an example, analysising and calculating the whole structure adding layer before and after, then discussing the reinforcing measures of the column during the design of this processing. The using condition shows that reinforcing measures is very safe and effective that the project has adopted, and it can serve as a reference for the design of similar projects.
Analysis of the Impact Effect of the Suspender System in a Half-Through Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Arch Bridge
Authors: Shao Yan , Sun Zong Guang , Chen Yi Fei
Published: December 2013

The simulation models concrete filled steel tubular arch was constructed by using a finite element software, the 1/4 vehicle model and vehicle vibration equilibrium equation were derived by D Alemberts principle, samples of each bridge roughness were created by using the discrete Fourier transform method, the effect of bridge roughness and vehicles speed on the impact coefficient of the suspenders. The results showed that the bridge roughness had a strong influence on the impact coefficient of the suspenders; the impact coefficient fluctuated with a raise of vehicles speed; the dynamic internal force of the suspenders obviously increased with the shortening length under the vehicle load. Theory basis can be provided for the fatigue fracture inclination of the middle and short suspender in the half-through and through bridge, and a reference can be provide for the bridge design, maintenance, management, survey and evaluation.
Flexural Behavior of CFRP Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wu Hong Sheng , Li Xing Quan
Published: December 2013

In order to clear the influence of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) on the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete beams, tests of three reinforced concrete beams strengthened with CFRP are carried out. Experimental result shows that CFRP can effectively increase bearing capacity of flexural member, and can restrain the development of crack. Cracking load, yield load and ultimate load are significantly increased. At the same time numerical simulation is done; it is good agreement with experimental results.
Interfacial Shear Stresses Calculation of RC Beams Strengthened with FRP Plate under Symmetry Concentrated Loading
Authors: Yang Jia , Wang Lian Guang , Zhang Ni
Published: December 2013

The performance of the interface between fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) and concrete is one of the key factors to affect the behaviors of RC beams strengthened with FRP plate. Under external loading, the relative slip occurring on the interface between FRP plate and concrete causes the redistribution of stress and then the bearing capacity of the member is reduced. This study analyzes the effect of the interfacial soft behavior on the interfacial shear stresses of RC beams strengthened with FRP plate under symmetry concentrated loading. The analytical model is established, and the differential equations of interfacial shear stresses of RC beams strengthened with FRP plate are established. The calculated formulas of interfacial shear stresses are deduced under symmetry concentrated loading.
Design Principles of Controlling Vehicle Gear Whine Noise Based on Loudness Metric
Authors: Guo Dong , Shi Quan , Li Wen Li , Xu Chuan He
Published: December 2013

In-vehicle noise is composed of a variety of tonal (frequency-related) components and the tonal components play an important role in the improvement of sound quality for interior vehicle noise. Among them, gear whine noise is the key contributor to total in-vehicle noise and gain a lot of researchers interest. Through their effort, thespl (dBA)is relatively low. However, customers still perceive the tonal components and complain about the vehicle quality. Therefore a better understanding of how tonal components are perceived is necessary for automotive gear transmission designers. In this study, firstly, gear dynamic behavior is briefly introduced to get the gear noise spectrum. Secondly, human hearing mechanism to different tonal components is summed. Then loudness case studies are conducted. Finally, some basic design principles of controlling gear whine noise are proposed based on the results.
Studies on Coupled Model of Seepage Field and Temperature Field and Stress Field
Authors: Gao Hong Mei , Lan Yong Wei , Zhao Yan Lin , Ma Jie , Liang Bing , Zhao Ying
Published: December 2013

Numerical model of thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling processes of radioactive waste during the long-time disposal is established with the multi-fields coupling theory, based on the theory of continuum mechanics, thermo elastic material mechanics, and considered the influence of the variation of water viscosity due to temperature variation on permeability of pore water. The whole process of excavation,heating phase and cooling phase have been simulated in the calculation;and the calculated results are analyzed. It indicates that the anisotropy of thermo-hydro-mechanical behavior of the argillite rock is the main factor affecting temperature distribution,pore pressure and stress fields.The results make clear that the differences of coupling action and uncoupling action are obvious and the effects of coupling cannot be ignored.
Microstructure Analysis of the Influence of Composite Polymers on Concrete Mechanical Performance
Authors: Zhao Chao , Gao Jun Zhao
Published: December 2013

Based on the research of various kinds of composite polymers of redispersible latex powder, cellulose ether, organic silicon water repellent and so on , with additions of polymers and the additive of mineral powder-silica fume composite minerals, the paper studies on the influence of composite polymer mainly made of materials on concrete mechanical performance and microstructure. With the addition of composite polymers, despite that the early hydration reaction is delayed, the hydration reaction of 28d speeds up evidently and its internal structure becomes tighter, which is beneficial for the improvement of concrete persistence.
Dynamics of Turbocharger Rotor with Spin Softening Effect
Authors: Yao Xue Shi , Zheng Chun Long , Liao Yi Feng
Published: December 2013

The solid model of a turbocharger rotor was simulated for the rotordynamic analysis by use of finite element method.The dynamic equations for the solid model were deduced from the rotatory effects and gyroscopic inertia.The program was developed to determine the bending,torsional and their couplied vibration models.Calculations show that both the spin softening and stress stiffening effects have significant influence on the forward and backward whirl modes,and the torsional vibration frequency doesn’t change with the increase of rotor speed.The couplied bending-torsional vibration may be took place as excited.The accuracy of the solid model and the solution techniques have been demonstrated by comparison with other results.
Hydration Kinetics and Microscopic Analysis of Calcium Oxide Expansion Clinker
Authors: Li Hua , Liu Jia Ping , Tian Qian , Zhang Shou Zhi
Published: December 2013

Hydrating and calcining method combined with the kinetic equation were adopted to describe the hydration kinetics process of the laboratory-calcined CaO expansion clinker, XRD and SEM were used to test and analysis its mineral compo-sition and microstructure as well. The results show that, hydration reaction process in pure water of f-CaO contained in the CaO expansion clinker meets the Avrami isothermal crystallization kinetics model, and the hydration degree increases with temperature, with the relation between reaction rate constant and temperature conforming to Arrhenius law; the CaO expansion clinker powder contains a large number of particles in which f-CaO, CaSO4, Ca4Al6O12SO4(partly still containing calcium silicates) phases existing at the same time, by the impact of the presence of impurity phases and the difference of calcining conditions, the hydration activity of f-CaO contained in CaO expansion clinker was different from that of pure CaO and that of f-CaO wrapped in cement clinker or high-calcium fly ash.
Several Common Retarders on Performance of Ultra-Early-Strength Grouting Material
Authors: Sun Chang Zheng , Zhang Xiao Ping , Zhao Hai Nan , Gao Qiang
Published: December 2013

To explore retarders on performance of ultra-early strength grouting material, Retarder, which are commonly used in the market after a preliminary screening, are further tested and analyzed for initial fluidity, setting time and mechanical strength properties of super early strength grouting material. The results show that: When borax content is 0.4%, the initial fluidity, final setting time, workability, mechanical strength are the best.
Early Strength Agent on the Properties of Reinforcement Materials Research
Authors: Sun Chang Zheng , Zhang Xiao Ping , Zhao Hai Nan , Gao Qiang
Published: December 2013

In the trial, the author explores sodium nitrite, triethanolamine and sodium on fluidity initial and final setting time, flexural strength and compressive strength and other properties, of early strength reinforcement material. The results showed that, when sodium nitrite content is 0.2%, triethanolamine content is 0.05%, the dosage of sodium sulfate is 0.8%, final setting time for 58min, the initial flow greater than 320[mm], 30min flow greater than 280[mm], 2h compressive strength of 30[MPa], 1d bending greater than 10[MPa], 28d compressive strength greater than 90[MPa], on the early strength reinforcement, meet construction requirements.
The Influence of Super-Fine Steel Slag on the Properties of High-Strength Concrete
Authors: Feng Jing Jing , Wang Xiao Qing , Wang Shan Shan
Published: December 2013

The properties of the concrete with super-fine steel slag were compared with those of the pure cement concrete. Results show that the concrete with 20% super-fine steel slag has similar compressive strength, elastic modulus, and permeability with the pure cement concrete at the age of 28 and 90 days. The addition of super-fine steel slag tends to decrease the initial slump of concrete, but it has a good ability of prevention of slump loss. The concrete with super-fine steel slag has similar anti-carbonation capacity with the pure cement concrete. The concrete with 30% super-fine steel slag has lower compressive strength, lower elastic modulus, and higher permeability than the pure cement concrete.
Study of Contact Interface Rough Effect on Vibration Stress Wave Propagation
Authors: Liu Tao
Published: December 2013

In order to impede stress wave propagation in mechanical boom system, this paper study on contact interface rough effect on stress wave propagation. The model of stress wave propagation was established. On stress wave test platform, it was tested that stress wave through the contact interface roughness between two contact interface. The results show that small surface rough is benefit for stress wave through contact interface; with the surface rough increase, stress wave through contact interface reduce.