bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dengue Infections in Colombia: Epidemiological Trends of a Hyperendemic Country
Authors: Gutierrez-Barbosa Hernando , Medina-Moreno Sandra , Zapata Juan C. , Chua Joel V.
Published: October 2020

Dengue is a major public health problem in hyperendemic countries like Colombia, the understanding of the epidemiological trends is important for the development of efficient public health policies. We conducted a systematic review of the epidemiologic data on dengue in Colombia from 1971 to 2020. A total of 375 relevant citations were identified, 36 of which fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The data of dengue and severe dengue cases, infection fatality rate, and serotype distribution were used to understand and identify gaps in the epidemiological knowledge in Colombia. The epidemiology of dengue in this country was characterized by five main outbreaks in 1998, 2002, 2010, 2013, and 2019 with high fatality rates in comparison with the average values reported in the Americas. The case fatality rate of severe dengue exceeded 2% and all four serotypes co-circulate throughout the country with some regional variations. Overall, the behavior of dengue in Colombia is influenced by multiple factors including seasonal temperature variation and socioeconomic conditions. Additionally, the most important barriers in the epidemiological surveillance of dengue may be due to the insufficient notification rate in some regions and the low active search for the circulation of different serotypes.
Comprehensive Analysis of Dynamic Message Sign Impact on Driver Behavior: A Random Forest Approach
Authors: Banerjee Snehanshu , Jeihani Mansoureh , Brown Danny D. , Ahangari Samira
Published: October 2020

This study investigates the potential effect(s) of different dynamic message signs (DMSs) on driver behavior using a full-scale high-fidelity driving simulator. Different DMSs are categorized by their content, structure, and type of messages. A random forest algorithm is used for three separate behavioral analyses—a route diversion analysis, a route choice analysis, and a compliance analysis—to identify the potential and relative influences of different DMSs on these aspects of driver behavior. A total of 390 simulation runs are conducted using a sample of 65 participants from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. Results obtained suggest that DMSs displaying lane closure and delay information with advisory messages are most influential with regards to diversion, while color-coded DMSs and DMSs with avoid route advice are the top contributors potentially impacting route choice decisions and DMS compliance. In this first-of-a-kind study, based on the responses to the pre- and post-simulation surveys as well as results obtained from the analysis of driving-simulation-session data, the authors found that color-coded DMSs are more effective than alphanumeric DMSs, especially in scenarios that demand high compliance from drivers. The increased effectiveness may be attributed to reduced comprehension time and ease with which such DMSs are understood by a greater percentage of road users.
Characterization of a DCL2-Insensitive Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus Isolate Infecting Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Incarbone Marco , Scheer Hélene , Hily Jean-Michel , Kuhn Lauriane , Erhardt Mathieu , Dunoyer Patrice , Altenbach Denise , Ritzenthaler Christophe
Published: October 2020

Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), the type member of the genus Tombusvirus in the family Tombusviridae is one of the best studied plant viruses. The TBSV natural and experimental host range covers a wide spectrum of plants including agricultural crops, ornamentals, vegetables and Nicotiana benthamiana. However, Arabidopsis thaliana, the well-established model organism in plant biology, genetics and plant–microbe interactions is absent from the list of known TBSV host plant species. Most of our recent knowledge of the virus life cycle has emanated from studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a surrogate host for TBSV that lacks crucial plant antiviral mechanisms such as RNA interference (RNAi). Here, we identified and characterized a TBSV isolate able to infect Arabidopsis with high efficiency. We demonstrated by confocal and 3D electron microscopy that in Arabidopsis TBSV-BS3Ng replicates in association with clustered peroxisomes in which numerous spherules are induced. A dsRNA-centered immunoprecipitation analysis allowed the identification of TBSV-associated host components including DRB2 and DRB4, which perfectly localized to replication sites, and NFD2 that accumulated in larger viral factories in which peroxisomes cluster. By challenging knock-out mutants for key RNAi factors, we showed that TBSV-BS3Ng undergoes a non-canonical RNAi defensive reaction. In fact, unlike other RNA viruses described, no 22nt TBSV-derived small RNA are detected in the absence of DCL4, indicating that this virus is DCL2-insensitive. The new Arabidopsis-TBSV-BS3Ng pathosystem should provide a valuable new model for dissecting plant–virus interactions in complement to Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Parenterally Administered Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus-Like Particle-Based Vaccine Formulated with CCL25/28 Chemokines Induces Systemic and Mucosal Immune Protectivity in Pigs
Authors: Hsu Chin-Wei , Chang Ming-Hao , Chang Hui-Wen , Wu Tzong-Yuan , Chang Yen-Chen
Published: October 2020

Generation of a safe, economical, and effective vaccine capable of inducing mucosal immunity is critical for the development of vaccines against enteric viral diseases. In the current study, virus-like particles (VLPs) containing the spike (S), membrane (M), and envelope (E) structural proteins of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) expressed by the novel polycistronic baculovirus expression vector were generated. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the PEDV VLPs formulated with or without mucosal adjuvants of CCL25 and CCL28 (CCL25/28) were evaluated in post-weaning pigs. While pigs intramuscularly immunized with VLPs alone were capable of eliciting systemic anti-PEDV S-specific IgG and cellular immunity, co-administration of PEDV VLPs with CCL25/28 could further modulate the immune responses by enhancing systemic anti-PEDV S-specific IgG, mucosal IgA, and cellular immunity. Upon challenge with PEDV, both VLP-immunized groups showed milder clinical signs with reduced fecal viral shedding as compared to the control group. Furthermore, pigs immunized with VLPs adjuvanted with CCL25/28 showed superior immune protection against PEDV. Our results suggest that VLPs formulated with CCL25/28 may serve as a potential PEDV vaccine candidate and the same strategy may serve as a platform for the development of other enteric viral vaccines.
A Mutation Network Method for Transmission Analysis of Human Influenza H3N2
Authors: Zhang Chi , Wang Yinghan , Chen Cai , Long Haoyu , Bai Junbo , Zeng Jinfeng , Cao Zicheng , Zhang Bing , Shen Wei , Tang Feng , Liang Shiwen , Sun Caijun , Shu Yuelong , Du Xiangjun
Published: October 2020

Characterizing the spatial transmission pattern is critical for better surveillance and control of human influenza. Here, we propose a mutation network framework that utilizes network theory to study the transmission of human influenza H3N2. On the basis of the mutation network, the transmission analysis captured the circulation pattern from a global simulation of human influenza H3N2. Furthermore, this method was applied to explore, in detail, the transmission patterns within Europe, the United States, and China, revealing the regional spread of human influenza H3N2. The mutation network framework proposed here could facilitate the understanding, surveillance, and control of other infectious diseases.
Acceptability of a Hypothetical Zika Vaccine among Women from Colombia and Spain Exposed to ZIKV: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Marbán-Castro Elena , Villén-Gonzalvo Ana , Enguita-Fernàndez Cristina , Romero-Acosta Kelly Carolina , Marín-Cos Anna , Arrieta Germán J. , Mattar Salim , Menéndez Clara , Maixenchs Maria , Bardají Azucena
Published: October 2020

Zika virus (ZIKV) can cause pregnancy loss and congenital Zika syndrome, among other poor health outcomes. The ZIKV epidemic in 2015–2017 disproportionately affected pregnant women in poor-resource settings. We aimed to understand perceptions and attitudes towards a hypothetical ZIKV vaccine, women’s willingness to be vaccinated, and potential barriers and facilitators for vaccine acceptance in 1) migrant women living in Spain who travelled to their countries of origin and were diagnosed with ZIKV infection during pregnancy, and their healthcare providers, and 2) women living in Colombia who delivered a child with microcephaly. An exploratory qualitative study based on phenomenology and grounded theory was conducted. Data were collected through in-depth, paired and semi-structured interviews. Overall, women from both sites were willing to receive a hypothetical ZIKV vaccine. However, some expressed concerns of being vaccinated during pregnancy, yet they would accept it if the vaccine was recommended by a healthcare professional they trust. Main fears towards vaccination were related to vaccine safety and potential adverse effects on child’s health. Women reported feeling hesitant to participate in a ZIKV vaccine trial. These results may contribute to guiding the effective delivery of future ZIKV vaccines among populations most at risk and particularly vulnerable.
CD4+CD25+ Cells Are Essential for Maintaining Immune Tolerance in Chickens Inoculated with Bovine Serum Albumin at the Late Stage of Embryonic Development
Authors: Yu Xiaoxue , Meng Yufang , Pan Pengyu , Li Liuan , Rui Lei , Li Zandong
Published: October 2020

In this study, the role of chicken CD4+CD25+ cells during induced immunotolerance was tested. Properties of chicken CD4+CD25+ cells sorted by flow cytometry were analyzed. Results showed that chicken CD4+CD25+ cells express IL-10, TGF-β highly and suppress proliferation of CD4+CD25− cells in vitro. To induce immunotolerance, embryos were inoculated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) via an intravascular route on embryo incubation day 20 (EID20), and after hatching chicks experienced BSA immunization four times at 7-day intervals. Serum anti-BSA antibodies and CD4+CD25+ cell ratio was analyzed. Results showed that humoral tolerance was obtained and the CD4+CD25+ cell percentage in peripheral blood lymphocytes increased along with this progress. Injection of anti-chicken CD25 antibody via an intravascular route on EID16 is applied to block CD4+CD25+ cells, and the CD4+CD25+ cell ratio decreased significantly up to 35 d post-hatch. Based on the above, injections of anti-chicken CD25 antibody on EID16 and BSA on EID20 were carried out sequentially, and tolerance level was contrasted to the BSA-injection group. Data revealed the anti-BSA antibodies increased significantly in the CD4+CD25+ cell-blocked groups indicating that immune tolerance level was weakened. In conclusion, chicken CD4+CD25+ cells are essential in maintaining induced immune tolerance.
Desorption of Organic Micropollutants from Loaded Granular Activated Carbon
Authors: Reif Daniela , Saracevic Ernis , Šabić Runjavec Monika , Haslinger Julia , Schaar Heidemarie , Kreuzinger Norbert
Published: October 2020

The loading of granular activated carbon (GAC) is influenced by the amount of water treated and the concentrations of adsorbates present in the water matrix. Through extraction experiments, we aimed to investigate the total adsorbed mass of eight organic micropollutants by using ethanol as solvent and the maximum possible concentrations, due to the desorption of organic micropollutants, in water. Three different drying methods and the impact of the contact time, GAC particle size, and GAC/solvent ratio were investigated. Although no significant differences between the drying methods could be observed, the chosen contact time and particle size had a significant impact on the amount of organic micropollutants extracted. Lower GAC/solvent ratios positively affected the extraction yield. The masses extracted in ethanol were compared with the cumulated masses calculated from 72 feed and effluent samples, collected during filter operation, resulting in extraction yields between 0.5% and 30%. The composition of extracted micropollutants in ethanol reflected the concentrations in feed water of the pilot-scale filter. Desorption in water was mostly influenced by the solubility of the investigated micropollutants. The same substances found in the supernatants inf the experiments could also be identified in the backwash water of the filter.
Parametric Modeling of Mass and Volume Effects for Battery Electric Vehicles, with Focus on the Wheel Components
Authors: Nicoletti Lorenzo , Romano Andrea , König Adrian , Schockenhoff Ferdinand , Lienkamp Markus
Published: October 2020

Defining a vehicle concept during the early development phase is a challenging task, since only a limited number of design parameters are known. For battery electric vehicles (BEVs), vehicle weight is a design parameter, which needs to be estimated by using an iterative approach, thus causing weight fluctuations during the early development phase. These weight fluctuations, in turn, require other vehicle components to be redesigned and can lead to a change in their size (secondary volume change) and weight (secondary weight change). Furthermore, a change in component size can impact the available installation space and can lead to collision between components. In this paper, we focus on a component that has a high influence on the available installation space: the wheels. We model the essential components of the wheels and further quantify their secondary volume and weight changes caused by a vehicle weight fluctuation. Subsequently, we model the influence of the secondary volume changes on the available installation space at the front axle. The hereby presented approach enables an estimation of the impact of weight fluctuations on the wheels and on the available installation space, which enables a reduction in time-consuming iterations during the development process.
Book Review: Judaism and Jesus, by Zev Garber and Kenneth Hanson
Authors: Fisher Eugene J.
Published: October 2020

The authors show the Jewishness of Jesus and his teachings. They delve into what unites and what distinguishes Judaism and Christianity, especially in the Jewish liturgical practices that the early Christians, who were mainly Jews, took from their ancient traditions and modified to establish the liturgies that Christians practice today. They call, rightly, for dialogue between all Christians and all Jews, having established how much we can learn about ourselves by learning from the other.
An overview on Chronic Kidney Disease allied risk factors and complications
Authors: Vallala Akhila  , Saini Soumya  , Eega Sindhuja , Amulya Reddy Gade
Published: October 2020

Chronic kidney disease is a long term condition characterized by the gradual loss of kidney function at least a period of 3 months or more. About two-thirds of the cases are mainly caused due to HTN and DM. The symptom load plays a crucial role in the patient's disease experience and among the main signs of CKD are troubling physical and psychological symptoms. The evaluation of the symptom burden of CKD patients is of the utmost importance in clinical management. The risk factors include age, sex, race and ethnicity, family history, drug use, smoking, and socioeconomic status; and other comorbidities, such as hypertension and diabetes. Some risk factors can be modified and prevent or slow down the progression to ESRD. CKD progression is associated with serious complications such as cardiovascular risk, dyslipidemia, anemia, nutritional issues, and mineral and bone disorders.
A Descriptive Outcome Based Study for Treatment Strategies of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections using Medication Therapy Management
Authors: N. Thanushree  , Gade Kalyani , Rinku Mathappan
Published: October 2020

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI`s) are the fifth leading cause of death due to infections being responsible for 2.74 million deaths worldwide. Antibiotics are used primarily to treat these infections. The aim of this research is to study the medication therapy management of patients with lower respiratory tract infections admitted in ESI hospital, Bangalore, and to improve the quality of life of patients. It is a descriptive, observational, and interventional study. The data is collected through suitably designed forms and by direct interaction with the patients as well as their caretakers. The study cohort consists of 40 patients, of that males were 24 (60%) and females were 16 (40%). Most of the infected cases were in the age group of 51 to 60 years and the minimum infected were of 11 to 20 years and 81 to 90 years. The symptoms like Hyperthermia (30%), Tachycardia, and tachypnea (32.5%) were observed. A high count of RBS, PPBS, FBS were seen among 25%. Observations including leukocytopenia (7.5%), neutropenia (15%), lymphocytopenia (22.5%), leukocytosis (22.5%), neutrophilia (27.5%), lymphocytosis (35%), eosinophilia (7.5%), monocytosis (2.5%), and all cases have increased ESR (100%). LRTI was among 13 (32.5%) patients and remaining were with complications associated with LRTI. 40 (100%) patients received IV fluids along with Duolin, Budecort, Augmentin, Cough syrup, and Deriphylline. Maximum drug interactions are seen in Pantoprazole + Deriphylline combination among 14 (35%). Process measures (type and frequency of drug therapy problems detected), economic measures (number of medications dispensed), and humanistic measures, (patient satisfaction with services) were the main outcomes in this process after providing MTM services.
Escravidão contemporânea: Um dos males do século XXI e a necessidade da cooperação jurídica Internacional para se combatê-la / Contemporary slavery: One of the evils of the 21ST century and the need for International legal cooperation to combat it
Authors: Souto Ana Flávia Lins , Souto Paulo Vitor Braga
Published: October 2020

Este artigo faz uma análise sobre a relevância da cooperação jurídica internacional em questões laborais e debruça-se de forma mais específica sobre os males da escravidão contemporânea e como este tipo de cooperação é essencial para se combater tais práticas. Dentro desse contexto, são apresentados os conceitos de cooperação jurídica internacional, quais os objetivos desta cooperação, todavia, o estudo enfatiza de modo mais aprofundado a chaga da escravidão no século XXI, também conhecida como escravidão contemporânea e como estado brasileiro se porta em relação ao assunto. Conclui-se, com base na realidade de um mundo totalmente globalizado, que é inviável a atuação dos Estados de forma isolada para se combater tais práticas, sendo necessário de sobremaneira uma cooperação mútua e a constante colaboração dos países do globo, sejam os que estão em desenvolvimento e são afetados diretamente por estas situações, sejam os países desenvolvidos que se beneficiam de algum modo desse tipo de exploração do trabalho. Para elaboração do presente artigo, se utilizou o método dedutivo, bem como a vertente metodológica qualitativa, por meio de pesquisa documental direta, no que tange a análise de documentos, artigos, livros, notícias, teses de mestrado e legislações específicas.
O CONTEXTO DO USO DO LIVRO DIDÁTICO NO ENSINO DOS MOVIMENTOS DA TERRA
Authors: Lira Mirtes Ribeiro de , Nascimento Leylanne Dias do , Ribeiro Maria Eduarda Souza
Published: October 2020

O referido estudo trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, que tem como finalidade conhecer a prática pedagógica do professor no processo de ensino-aprendizagem a partir da utilização do livro didático. Vale ressaltar que essa pesquisa faz parte do Programa de Iniciação Científica - PIBIC/CNPQ. Duas questões norteadoras serviram de base para análises: De que forma o livro didático é explorado pelo professor no ensino da Geografia? Até que ponto a prática pedagógica do professor de Geografia vai além do uso do livro didático? Foram observadas aulas de uma turma do 6ª ano do Ensino Fundamental na qual teve como conteúdo trabalhado “Movimentos da Terra”. Embora tenha sido empregado durante as aulas, o livro didático esteve presente em momentos pontuais de verificação para o acompanhamento do conteúdo ao ser explicado pela professora. Isso significa que ainda é necessário que o professor saiba explorar melhor o livro didático, indo além de um recurso de apoio durante as aulas. Desse modo, a pesquisa revelou a partir das observações na sala de aula que ainda se faz necessário que o professor saiba explorar melhor o livro didático indo além de um recurso de apoio durante as aulas.
First Nations Peoples’ Participation in the Development of Population-Wide Food and Nutrition Policy in Australia: A Political Economy and Cultural Safety Analysis
Authors: Browne Jennifer , Gilmore Michelle , Lock Mark , Backholer Kathryn
Published: October 2020

Background: Healthy and sustainable food systems underpin the well-being of Indigenous peoples. Increasingly governments are taking action to improve diets via population-wide policies. The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People states that Indigenous peoples have the right to participate in all decisions that affect them. We analysed Australian national food and nutrition policy processes to determine: (i) the participation of Aboriginal organisations, (ii) the issues raised in Aboriginal organisations’ policy submissions, and (iii) the extent to which Aboriginal organisations’ recommendations were addressed in final policy documents. Methods: Political economy and cultural safety lenses informed the study design. We analysed publicly-available documents for Australian population-wide food and nutrition policy consultations occurring 2008-2018. Data sources were policy documents, committee reports, terms of reference and consultation submissions. The submissions made by Aboriginal organisations were thematically analysed and key policy recommendations extracted. We examined the extent to which key recommendations made by Aboriginal organisations were included in the subsequent policy documents. Results: Five food and nutrition policy processes received submissions from Aboriginal organisations. Key themes centred on self-determination, culturally-appropriate approaches to health, and the need to address food insecurity and social determinants of health. These messages were underrepresented in final policy documents, and Aboriginal people were not included in any committees overseeing policy development processes. Conclusion: This analysis suggests that very few Aboriginal organisations have participated in Australian population-wide food and nutrition policy processes and that these policy development processes are culturally unsafe. In order to operationalise First Nations peoples’ right to self-determination, alternative mechanisms are required to redress the power imbalances preventing the full participation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in population-wide food and nutrition policy decisions. This means reflecting on deeply embedded institutional structures and the normative assumptions upon which they rest.
Conflict of Interest in Nutrition: Where’s the Power? Comment on "Towards Preventing and Managing Conflict of Interest in Nutrition Policy? An Analysis of Submissions to a Consultation on a Draft WHO Tool"
Authors: Harris Jody , Nisbett Nicholas , Gillespie Stuart
Published: October 2020

Actual or perceived conflict of interests (COIs) among public and private actors in the field of nutrition must be managed. Ralston et al expose sharply contrasting views on the new World Health Organization (WHO) COI management tool, highlighting the contested nature of global debates. Both the WHO COI tool and the Ralston et al paper are largely quiet on aspects of power among different actors, however, which we argue is integral to these conflicts. We suggest that power needs to be acknowledged as a factor in COI; that it needs to be systematically assessed in COI tools using approaches we outline here; and that it needs to be explicitly addressed through COI mechanisms. We would recommend that all actors in the nutrition space (not only private companies) are held to the same COI standards, and we would welcome further studies such as Ralston et al to further build accountability.
Impact of Competition Versus Centralisation of Hospital Care on Process Quality: A Multilevel Analysis of Breast Cancer Surgery in France
Authors: Or Zeynep , Rococco Emeline , Touré Mariama , Bonastre Julia
Published: October 2020

Background: The implications of competition among hospitals on care quality have been the subject of considerable debate. On one hand, economic theory suggests that when prices are regulated, quality will be increased in competitive markets. On the other hand, hospital mergers have been justified by the need to exploit cost advantages, and by evidence that hospital volume and care quality are related. Methods: Based on patient-level data from two years (2005 and 2012) we track changes in market competition and treatment patterns in breast cancer surgery. We focus on technology adoption as a proxy of process quality and examine the likelihood of offering two innovative surgical procedures: immediate breast reconstruction (IBR), after mastectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). We use an index of competition based on a multinomial logit model of hospital choice which is not subject to endogeneity bias, and estimate its impact on the propensity to receive IBR and SLNB by means of multilevel models taking into account both observable patient and hospital characteristics. Results: The likelihood of receiving these procedures is significantly higher in hospitals located in more competitive markets. Yet, hospital volume remains a significant indicator of quality, therefore benefits of competition appear to be sensitive to the estimates of the impact of volume on care process. In France, the centralisation policy, with minimum activity thresholds, have contributed to improving breast cancer treatment between 2005 and 2012. Conclusion: Finding the right balance between costs and benefits of market competition versus concentration of hospital care supply is complex. We find that close to monopolistic markets do not encourage innovation and quality in cancer treatment, but highly competitive markets where many hospitals have very low activity volumes are also problematic because hospital quality is positively linked to patient volume.
Examining and Contextualizing Approaches to Establish Policy Support Organizations – A Critical Interpretive Synthesis
Authors: Al Sabahi Sultana , Wilson Michael G. , Lavis John N. , El-Jardali Fadi , Moat Kaelan , Vélez Marcela
Published: October 2020

Background: In response to worldwide calls for the need to support evidence-informed policy-making (EIPM), more countries are increasingly interested in enhancing their efforts to use research to inform policy-making. In order to inform the efforts of those asked to lead the support of EIPM, our aim is to develop a conceptual framework to guide the process of establishing a policy support organization (PSO). Methods: We conducted a critical interpretive synthesis (CIS). We conducted a two steps literature review. In the second step, we systematically searched OVID EMBASE, PsychInfo, HealthStar, CINAHL, Web of Science, Social Science Abstract, Health Systems Evidence, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global databases for documents reporting the establishment of PSOs and the contextual factors influencing the process of establishing these organizations. We assessed the eligibility of the retrieved articles and synthesized the findings iteratively. Results: We included 52 documents in the synthesis. Our findings suggest that a PSO establishment process has four interconnected stages: awareness, development, assessment, and maturation. The process of establishing a PSO is iterative and influenced by political, research and health systems contextual factors, which determine the availability of the resources and the trust between researchers and policy-makers. The contextual factors have an impact on each other, and the challenges that arise from one factor can be mitigated by other factors. Conclusion: For those interested in establishing a PSO, our framework provides a road map for identifying the most appropriate starting point and the factors that might influence the establishment process. Leaders of such PSOs can use our findings to expand or refine their scope of work. Given that this framework focuses only on PSOs in the health sector, an important next step for research would be to include other sectors from social systems and identify any additional insight that can enhance our framework.
No Room for Micromanagement in the 21st Century
Authors: Castro, D.B.A. Michael
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this paper was to provide all individuals within leadership roles with an enriched comprehension about micromanagement and the negative effects it possesses on subordinates. This objective was fulfilled by the researcher conducting investigations on numerous articles and studies conducted by other specialist in the field of supervision and management. The researcher also incorporated past experiences that were exhibited in past organizations pertaining to staff being micromanaged by different personnel in leadership roles.
Balance and Fall Risk Outcome Measures for Patients 65 Years or Older in the Outpatient Physical Therapy Setting: What Are the Current Trends?
Authors: McDowell Debra R. , Gobert Denise , Jarzombek Tate , Koudela Taylor , McGrath Katelynn , Raulerson Rachel
Published: October 2020

Background & Objectives: Occurrence of falls in older adults contributes to increased morbidity and mortality, exponential healthcare costs, and reduced quality of life. Utilization of outcome measures for screening and assessing fall risk in older patients contributes to reduced fall-related injuries, deaths, and healthcare costs, while promoting improved mobility and health status. The purpose of this study was to explore the utilization of outcome measures assessing balance and fall risk in patients 65 years and up within the outpatient physical therapy setting. Secondary aims included determining the most frequently used outcome measures as well as examining any associations between demographic variables and clinicians’ screening habits.
Research on the Combination of Commercially Available Thickeners and Commercially Available Nursing Food - Universal Design Food: UDF (can be Crushed with Gums)
Authors: Hirabayashi Mayumi , Kondo Shoko , Katayama Naomi
Published: October 2020

In Japan, a super-aging society, there is much debate about how to provide safe home care in the future. To provide safe nursing care food, it is necessary to consider not only the nutritional aspect of the diet but also the dietary form. In the case of diminished or impaired swallowing function, it is useful that the viscosity of the diet matches the ability of the care recipient to swallow the food. Therefore, in this study, we report the viscosity measurement using a commercially available thickener and a commercially available universal design food (which can crush with gums) by changing the blending amount and combination of them. In this study, we used commercially available thickener A, and thickener B, which can purchase at pharmacies and three types of commercially available universal design foods (which can crush with gums) can purchase at pharmacies. In the case of foods having a large amounts of carbohydrates, the thickener B (high in thickening polysaccharides) can stabilize the viscosity and is suitable for adjusting the viscosity.
Research on the Combination of Commercially Available Thickeners and Commercially Available Nursing Food - Aiming for Viscosity Adjustment that can be done at Home
Authors: Hirabayashi Mayumi , Kondo Shoko , Katayama Naomi
Published: October 2020

Japan is a supper-aged society, and many older adults need home care. To provide meals safely at home, the viscosity of meals suitable for the elderly required. Therefore, in this study, the viscosity was measured by combining two types of thickeners that can purchase at pharmacies and three types of care foods. The thickener used this time has almost the same price and content, but the many included material is different. Thickener A was rich in water-soluble dietary fiber, and thickener B was rich in thickening polysaccharides. The three types of foods were foods with high carbohydrate content, high lipid content, and high water content. As a result, thickening agent B, which is rich in thickening polysaccharides, was able to maintain the viscosity better than thickening agent A if a thickening agent added at a low (100g food per 1g thickening) concentration to foods rich in lipids and water. However, when the addition amount of the thickener was large, the thickener A and the thickener B showed almost the same viscosity. It will be necessary to increase the number of samples and clarify the differences due to the combinations.
Investor’s Behavior and Mutual Fund - A Study in Cuttack City
Authors: Sahoo Aditya Prasad
Published: October 2020

In the fastest-growing economy of India, the mutual fund industry puts an emerging footprint in economic growth and development. Mutual funds create a simple and viable path for saving and investment. The mutual fund includes various investment benefits like liquidity, timely return, fund diversification, widespread analysis monetary allocation vis-à-vis a full disclosure of fund management. There are various investment products available for investment in the financial market. However, all these investment products must be able to meet an investor’s expectations? Hence to know the investor’s perception and expectation, it is necessary to study the implications of mutual funds from a unique perspective. This paper explains how different factors are affecting an individual’s perception of mutual funds. As per the findings, individuals are more inclined to traditional investment than an investment in a mutual fund. Those who have invested in mutual funds, most of them were selected equity option and Systematic investment plan or SIP. Another finding is that investors don’t want to analyze the inherent risks associated with the investment and need their fund managers and broker’s advice.
A Framework for Mixed-method Research
Authors: Shantha Nair Sindhu , S Prem Smritika
Published: October 2020

This article presents the basics of mixed-method research as a distinct methodology that uses both quantitative and qualitative research methods to create empirical research. The method of this study is a review. Through a substantive review, this paper explains the basic idea of a mixed method approach. The article identifies the main components of the mixed-method approach, provides examples, and describes how to conduct mixed-method research. A quantitative study involves collecting, identifying, and analyzing data. A qualitative study uses interviews or focus groups. An integration of both approaches helps a better understanding of the issue. This study brings out the role of mixed-method research to assess further approaches in future research practices. The combination of qualitative and quantitative research will enable a broader reach in empirical studies.
Cloud-Based E-Governance in India
Authors: Vijai C , Joyce D
Published: October 2020

In the current digital world, the Internet is changing our lives in terms of the way we work, learn, and interact. Cloud Computing has a platform for sharing resources that include infrastructures, software, applications; the cloud is the best way to integrate all departments using e-Governance and business. Many Governments facing critical challenges to maintain pending, unattended documents, reported to the authority, document proof of the statement, law, and order unable to solve over the year. Cloud-based e-governance plays a vital role in solve these issues helping to e-governance services. Citizens easily access government services and provide transparent activities with the help of cloud e-governance applications. This paper discusses cloud computing and cloud-based e-governance in India and to adopt cloud computing in e-Governance applications, challenges and also extended to the usage of cloud-based e-governance.
Dark Tourism Sites in India: A Review
Authors: Dhatrak Swapnil P
Published: October 2020

The study of this paper aims to study the various sites of dark tourism in India. Tourism in India is important for the country’s economy and its sectors growing rapidly. Tourism means the act and process of spending time away from home in pursuit of recreation, relaxation, and pleasure while making use of the commercial provision. There are many forms of tourism based on the purpose of visit. in that paper; we discussed dark tourism development and sites in India. Dark tourism (black tourism, morbid tourism)has been defined as tourism involving travel to places historically associated with death and tragedy, planning a project on dark tourism documenting the increasing popularity of morbid landmarks around the world. The main attraction to dark locations is their historical value rather than associations with death and suffering. Holocaust tourism contains aspects of both dark and heritage tourism .dark tourism is a sheer curiosity that pushes people to thread the road less traveled to search their answers, so travel by far has always been related to journey and to explore beautiful places. There are a lot of places in India. This research paper includes references to the promotion of dark tourism in India. The work includes references in the promotion of dark tourism in India, a destination that has largely failed to improve itself on Indian tourism market because this form of tourism promotions a destination .dark tourism attractions demonstrate demand but also consist of commemoration, historical references, narrative legacies, and populist heritage this tourism sites in some cases become one of few remaining elements of victims and tier testimonies. There is a lot of scope for developing dark tourism in India but taking some efforts and specific solutions to developed dark tourism in India. For this paper used secondary research methodology has been used for research for data collection, secondary data collected from the literature review also government agency data; online tourism news has been collected.
On Heterodox Economics
Authors: Pradeep Kumar B
Published: October 2020

In the literature of Economics itself, branches have evolved thanks to different positions held by economists on different economic issues, and most importantly, on the efficacy and desirability of economic policies to address such economic issues. The so-called Classical and Keynesian poles apart positions have stood as the firm foundation for the germination of a couple of developments in economics. But, it may be reiterated that these positions have been premised upon several assumptions which often go diametrically opposite to real-world circumstances. The growing concern of the disconnect of the mainstream economics from the conditions of the real world has made a vacuum. The attention that heterodox economics has been receiving should be regarded as a response to this fill this vacuum. Google searching deliberations on the Covid-19 pandemic would find economics being discussed elsewhere and everywhere as if the economics of the Virus matters a lot rather than its biological side. Heterodox economics has grown to occupy an important place in modern economic thinking, and in the years to come, in the field of teaching as well, the elements discussed in heterodox economic will have an indisputable place. In the field of policy making, too, the principles of heterodox have been used. Nevertheless, mainstream economics does not seem to have been shaken by the claims of heterodox economics. For economics to continue as rigorous social science, much celebrated neo-classical tools and its ideas are still more important.
Corporate Taxes and Foreign Direct Investment: An Impact Analysis
Authors: Edo Onome Christopher , Okafor Anthony , Justice Akhigbodemhe Emmanuel
Published: October 2020

Objective – The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of corporate taxes on the flow of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Nigeria between 1983 and 2017.
Methodology/Technique – This study adopts an ex-post facto research design. Secondary data was sourced from the World Bank Development Indicator, the Central Bank of Nigeria database, and the Federal Inland Revenue database. The research data was analyzed using the Error Correction Model (ECM).
Findings – The coefficient of determination (R2) shows that approximately 77% of systematic changes in FDI are attributed to the combined effect of all of the explanatory variables used in this study. Specifically, the study concludes that Company Income Tax, Value Added Tax, and Custom and Excise Duties have a significant but negative relationship with FDI. In contrast, Tertiary Education Tax has a positive association with FDI. Further, Exchange Rate has a negative but significant relationship with FDI, Inflation had an insignificant but positive association with FDI, and GDP growth Rate and Trade Openness demonstrate a positive and significant association with FDI.
Novelty – The findings of this study are distinguishable from previous studies, as it uncovers new evidence that higher Education Tax Rates influences FDI and emerging evidence on the effect of non-tax variables on FDI inflow.
Type of Paper: Empirical.
JEL Classification: E22, F21, H2, P33.

Keywords: Corporate Taxes; Foreign Direct Investment; Error Correction Model; Nigeria; Non-Tax Variables.

Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Edo, O.C; Okafor, A; Justice, A.E. 2020. Corporate Taxes and Foreign Direct Investment: An Impact Analysis, Acc. Fin. Review 5 (2): 28 – 43. https://doi.org/10.35609/afr.2020.5.2(1)
The Mystery of Zero-Leverage Firms: Evidence from Nigerian Quoted Firms
Authors: Paseda Oluseun , Adedeji Babatunji Samuel
Published: October 2020

Objective – Empirical finance literature has added a new twist to the debt conservatism puzzle within the broader capital structure puzzle, namely the phenomenon of zero leverage. Motivated by Strebulaev and Yang (2013), this study investigates the attributes of zero leverage firms in Nigeria in an attempt to add a developing country perspective to the zero-leverage phenomenon observed in firms.
Methodology/Technique – The non-financial corporations quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) for the period 1999-2014 constitute the population of the study. Firms with market leverage ratios ranging from 0% to 5% met the criteria for inclusion. Panel data regression techniques such as the generalized method of moments (GMM) and two stage least squares (2SLS) were used in the study.
Findings – Zero leverage is persistent across 13 industries and is a declining function of the marginal tax rate, firm size, profitability, and liquidity. Firms that follow a zero-leverage (and almost zero-leverage) policy have higher growth opportunities, more tangible assets, pay higher dividends, are older, and have access to debt markets. Non-debt tax shields do not explain zero-leverage behaviour.
Originality/Value – This study addresses the gaps related to the questions of why and how firm-specific attributes affect zero leverage behaviour among Nigerian quoted firms. It sheds light on the economic mechanisms driving zero leverage phenomenon within firms with high debt capacity.
Type of Paper: Empirical.
JEL Classification: G30, G32.

Keywords: Capital Structure; Zero Leverage Puzzle; Tax Benefits; Debt Capacity; Financing Decisions.

Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Paseda, O; Adedeji, B.S. 2020. The Mystery of Zero-Leverage Firms: Evidence from Nigerian Quoted Firms, Acc. Fin. Review 5 (2): 44 – 71. https://doi.org/10.35609/afr.2020.5.2(2)
MANAJEMEN HUMAS: MEMBANGUN PERAN MASYARAKAT PADA LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Dwiyama Fajri , Adriani Adriani , Ismia Ismia , Oktafiana Riska
Published: October 2020

The community is one of the main keys in developing educational institutions. High public participation in educational institutions, it is not impossible to deliver educational institutions to become quality institutions, still exist in the midst of competition between educational institutions, and become the most favorite institution in the community. This can be achieved if all stakeholders in educational institutions also exist in advancing the institution, in relation to the community. PR has a very big war in realizing this, but the facts show that most educational institutions have PR but have not been able to get people to participate in advancing education. This study aims to find out how much the role of stakeholders in educational institutions in building public relations, especially in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Bone, and further to find out what participation is given by the community for the advancement of these educational institutions. The method used in this research is a qualitative case study. The results obtained showed that Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Watampone, which implemented good public relations management, was able to make the community participate in advancing education at the institution.
THE PROBLEM OF LIBERALIZING ISLAMIC MARRIAGE LAW IN INDONESIA : The Perspective of Science Philosophy
Authors: Islamy Athoillah
Published: October 2020

The phenomenon of liberalism on Islamic marriage law in Indonesia often creates social problems. Therefore, it is important to understand understanding and wise attitudes towards the phenomenon within the framework of the scientific paradigm. This research aims to understand various forms of liberalism on Islamic marriage law in Indonesia in the perspective of the philosophy of Science. This research is a qualitative research in the form of literature review. The type of legal research in this study is philosophical normative legal research. The research data used is various research on liberalism on the law of Islamic marriage in the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). Meanwhile, the theory used as a knife of analysis is the theory of the scientific revolution of Thomas Samuel Kuhn. This study concludes that liberalism on Islamic marriage law in Indonesia is a form of paradigm shift over the construction of legal thinking in various KHI articles that are considered to have experienced anomalies, which are not relevant to social development and do not answer the challenges of modernity, such as issues of gender equality, democracy, human rights Humans, and pluralism. Such conditions have encouraged contemporary Islamic law reviewers in Indonesia to voice a paradigm shift and even a scientific revolution by giving birth to the construction of new Islamic marriage law.
Desafios da pesquisa em história da arte hoje – pensando história da arte e globalização a partir de experiências com arte, África e Brasil
Authors: Conduru Roberto
Published: October 2020

O estudo de relações entre arte, África e Brasil pode ser vinculado à demanda contemporânea pela produção de uma “história da arte mundial”. Assim, a partir de conexões entre “arte afro-brasileira” e “história da arte global”, o texto articula obras de autores que têm contribuído para pensar desafios, ideias, praticas e realizações neste campo fértil da historiografia da arte na contemporaneidade.Palavras-chave: História da arte global; historiografia da arte; arte afro-brasileira
Do experimental ao ancestral - Entrevista com Mesias Maiguashca
Authors: Andrade Jonathan , Costa Rogério
Published: October 2020

Ver página de Mesias Mayguashca (Quito, 1938-) para informações em espanhol. Algumas obras mencionadas na entrevista:
AYAYAYAYAY - http://www.maiguashca.de/index.php/es/1970-1979-a/316-051971-ayayayayay-es
EL ORO 1992 - http://www.maiguashca.de/index.php/es/1990-1999-a/376-311992-el-oro-es
BOLETIN Y ELEGIA DE LAS MITAS – http://www.maiguashca.de/index.php/en/2000-2009-a/480-552006-boletin-y-elegia-de-las-mitas-en
YAKUSHIMI - http://www.maiguashca.de/index.php/en/2012-a
CANCIÓN DE LA TIERRA - http://www.maiguashca.de/index.php/en/2011-a/371-702011-12-qla-cancion-de-la-tierraq-en