bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ШЕЙХ АБДУЛЛА: ПОРТРЕТ В КАШМИРСКИХ ТОНАХ
Authors: Черешнева Л.А.
Published: December 2024

Исследование истории княжества Джамму и Кашмир, трагедии его раздела в 1947 г., ведется давно. В центре внимания автора личность, сыгравшая видную роль в становлении современного Кашмира, но пока недостаточно изученная, – «Лев Кашмира» Шейх Абдулла (1905–1982), бывший с 1947 по 1982 гг., с перерывами, премьер-министром Джамму и Кашмира. В статье дан анализ его деятельности в первые месяцы после образования Индийского Союза и Пакистана.

The study of the history of Jammu and Kashmir State, the tragedy of its partition in 1947, has been conducted for a long time. The Russian indologists and researchers of the Pakistan history have made a huge contribution to its reconstruction, analysis of the nature and relationship with the today's South Asia and the world. The task of our article is to focus on the person who played a prominent role in the development of the modern Kashmir, but is still insufficiently studied – we are talking about the “Lion of Kashmir” Sheikh Abdullah (1905–1982). On the basis of the Indo-Pakistani, British and domestic documents, we have launched a series of publications on Sheikh Abdullah to fill this lacuna, and a multi-layered portrait of the Kashmiri patriot, who from 1947 to 1982, intermittently was the Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, received its execution in our country. The article analyzes its activities in the first months after the formation of the Indian Union and Pakistan.
VOLUNTEERING IN THE SYSTEM OF MEASURES TO PRESERVE THE MENTAL HEALTH OF UKRAINIANS IN TIMES OF WAR
Authors: Pohribna Viktoriia , Pidkurkova Iryna
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the problem of deterioration of mental health of Ukrainians in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war, the causes of mental disorders, and reveals the potential opportunities for intensifying psychological assistance as a direction of volunteer activity. It is determined that additional factors that complicate the objective situation related to the war, deepen mental disorders and create additional difficulties for volunteers in improving the quality and scope of psychological assistance to the population are the mosaic ambivalence of the consciousness of Ukrainians, the stigmatization of displaced persons and the lack of faith in the possibility of receiving quality psychological support free of charge.
Legal Co-Creation of Public Authorities and Civil Society as Trajectory of Russian Law-Making System
Authors: Trofimov Vasiliy
Published: December 2024

The current development of Russian state, society, and law is dynamic but ambiguous. The author studied the Russian law-making system through the prism of legal co-creation between official public authorities and civil society that join forces to create laws that meet the interests of both the state and the society. Legal co-creation is an essential resource for optimizing and improving the law-making system. General scientific and special scientific methods made it possible to establish the importance of legal co-creation of the authorities and the population as part of the domestic law-making system with its theoretical constructs and practical benefits. A constructive dialogue between the government and the society in the law-making sphere produces co-creative law-making decisions. This opinion is supported by domestic jurists and politicians. In addition to the general theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of legal co-creation, the author selected opinions of like-minded foreign researchers. Mechanisms of legal co-creation in the law-making system have good prospects and need to be developed.
Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain in Improving Trust, Accessibility, and Efficiency of Digital Justice for Vulnerable Population in Uganda
Authors: Rusakova Ekaterina , Chernysheva Tat'yana
Published: December 2024

As global technologies develop, they integrate into social and state institutions. Mundane public communications were the first to embrace computers, smartphones, social networks, etc. These days, modern technologies facilitate the interaction between the state and its people. As a result, the state increases the internal and external availability of public services. The current friendly relations between the Russian Federation and some African countries may win from using new information technologies in politics and business. In this sense, modern communications require a better understanding of such innovative institutions as the so-called digital justice, which employs digital tools as a platform of justice administration. It has a good potential for resolving social issues of African population, as well as major economic disputes. The article describes the legal aspects of the new dispute resolution opportunities that digital justice offers the people of Uganda. It focuses on the prospects and problems of blockchain technology and artificial intelligence in settling disputes in court, especially in those aspects that concern the most vulnerable social strata. Blockchain algorithms prove effective in resolving land ownership disputes in Uganda while artificial intelligence may be used to provide pro bono legal services.
A buchada de dramaturgia e o tutano da escritura cênica: sobre a produção de uma dramaturgia, sua observação e seus distintos engendramentos
Authors: Almeida Railson Gomes
Published: December 2024

Este trabalho é o resultado de uma pesquisa de mestrado que reflete afetos, atravessamentos e algumas inquietações pessoais enquanto pesquisador, artista e futuro professor. Aborda a escrita e seu modo de operar na cena contemporânea, delimitando-se, neste caso, à produção e análise de uma dramaturgia, observando e contemplando os distintos elementos que a engendram.
Introduction
Authors: Kumar Binod , Maharana Biswa Ranjan , Rana Tanmoy
Published: December 2024

Goats are livestock, which is very popular among the poor people of
developing countries who cannot afford to raise large ruminants. However, small
ruminant producers face significant economic threats due to parasitism. Both ecto- and
endo-parasites cause significant damage to the animals that either reduces the
performance or may cause death of animals. These parasites are either single-cell,
protozoa or multicellular, helminths and arthropods. They enter into the host by various
means, such as foods, water, penetration of the skin, from mother to foetus via placenta
and/or milk, etc. A number of parasites affect the goats, leading to different kinds of
diseases. Some are very serious in nature, while others cause mild to moderate kinds of
diseases. Furthermore, the severity of the disease depends upon different factors
associated with the animals, like age, sex, and breed, parasites like species/strain,
quantum of infection, virulence, and environment factors like temperature, humidity,
soil type, food, management, etc. Management of parasites is somewhat challenging in
the extensive system, while it can be well managed in the intensive system of animal
rearing by following the good practices of management.
Parasites Affecting the Musculoskeletal System of Goats
Authors: Dhanalakshmi H.
Published: December 2024

This chapter discusses some of the important parasites affecting or found in
the musculoskeletal system of goats. Among them, many are zoonotic in nature.
Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide occurring zoonotic disease belonging to the phylum
Apicomplexa. Toxoplasma stages are found in different parts of goats, including the
musculoskeletal system. Transmission of toxoplasma from goat meat to humans in
India is of low importance as the meat is properly cooked before consumption.
However, it can spread to cats if they are fed with improperly cooked infected meat.
Also, carcasses infected with toxoplasmosis will lose their infectivity very shortly after
the death of the animal. Similarly, sarcocystosis is a silent zoonotic parasitic disease
caused by obligatory intracellular protozoa of the genus Sarcocystis. The main factor
that helps in the control of sarcocystosis in goats is to avoid dogs and cats in the animal
sheds. Besnoitia caprae is found in goats. To date, Besnoitia caprae has not been
assigned with any definitive host and or intermediate hosts. This parasite has a close
resemblance with other species of Besnoitia. Hammondia causes a transient myositis
that may be present in the skeletal muscles of infected goats. In areas of high
endemicity of Oestrus ovis, humans are at high risk of zoonosis and the parasite may
cause ophthalmic infections. Wohlfahrtia magnifica causes traumatic myiasis in the
flesh of goats. Coenurus is treated mainly by the treatment of infected dogs and proper
disposal of intermediate host carcasses. In many countries, trichinellosis is an emerging
disease in goats.
Epidemiological Models and Frameworks
Authors: Abubakar Saleh Jalal-Eddeen
Published: December 2024

Chapter 2 delves into the conceptual frameworks and models that underpin
epidemiological analysis and understanding. Beginning with an introduction to the
themes of the chapter, it explores foundational models, such as the Epidemiologic
Triad and the chain of infection. The chapter elucidates the natural history of the
disease and presents various epidemiological frameworks used to study and interpret
disease dynamics. Through a comprehensive examination of these models and
frameworks, readers gain a deeper appreciation of the conceptual tools essential for
epidemiological inquiry
Statistical Methods
Authors: Abubakar Saleh Jalal-Eddeen
Published: December 2024

Chapter 5 provides an in-depth exploration of the foundational concepts and
tools essential for statistical analysis in epidemiology. Beginning with an introduction
to the themes of the chapter, it delves into fundamental statistical measures and
inference techniques, equipping readers with the skills needed to interpret and analyze
epidemiological data. Moreover, the chapter examines mathematical modelling
approaches used to forecast disease trends and inform public health interventions.
Through a comprehensive examination of these statistical methods, readers gain a
deeper understanding of their applications in epidemiological research and practice.
Combination of Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles and Natural Polymer-Based Hydrogels for Bone Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Zheng Kai , Xu Rongyao
Published: December 2024

Bioactive glass nanoparticles (BGNs) are multifunctional building blocks of
tissue engineering scaffolds or drug delivery platforms for bone tissue regeneration
owing to their favorable osteogenic, angiogenic, immunomodulatory, and antibacterial
activities. Natural polymer-based hydrogels are one of the most promising biomaterials
for numerous biomedical applications, considering their extracellular matrix (ECM)-
mimic structure, outstanding biocompatibility, and biodegradability. However, these
hydrogels are intrinsically mechanically weak and lack biological functionalities,
which impede their performance in bone tissue regeneration. Incorporating BGNs as
rigid fillers in natural polymer-based hydrogels has been proposed as a feasible strategy
to combine the advantages of both components leading to advanced nanocomposite
hydrogels. Here the synthesis approaches of BGNs that determine the nanoparticles’
morphology and properties are first summarized. The interactions between BGNs and
natural polymer-based hydrogels are also emphasized. The key physiochemical and
biological properties of BGNs that are related to bone tissue formation are highlighted.
Published results are evidence of the fact that the combination of BGNs and natural
polymers toward nanocomposite hydrogels is a feasible strategy for successful bone
regeneration.
Efecto de tres procedencias en la calidad de plántulas de Ochroma pyramidale (Malvaceae) en viveros de contenedores plásticos
Authors: García-Quintana Yudel , López-Martínez Evelyn Mercedes , García-Decoro Samantha , Ureta-Leones Diego , Vega-Rosete Sonia , Bravo-Medina Carlos , Arteaga-Crespo Yasiel
Published: December 2024

La correcta selección de fuentes de semilla constituye una herramienta clave para el éxito de los programas de reforestación. Este estudio evalúo el efecto de tres procedencias (Pastaza, Napo y Orellana) sobre la morfología de las semillas, parámetros germinativos y características morfofuncionales de plántulas de Ochroma pyramidale cultivadas en vivero. Se caracterizó el ambiente edáfico de los árboles semilleros de cada procedencia, se determinó la morfología de las semillas, los parámetros de germinación y se determinaron los atributos morfofisiológicos de calidad de plantas. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p ≤ 0.05) entre los orígenes geográficos en cuanto a las propiedades físicas y químicas del suelo (clase textural, materia orgánica, pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, N, P, K+) y los caracteres morfológicos de las semillas (ancho, espesor, relación largo/ancho y área superficial). Los porcentajes de germinación obtenidos fueron de 71.7% para Orellana, 89.0% y 92.0% para Napo y Pastaza, respectivamente. Los atributos e índices morfológicos y fisiológicos de calidad de las plantas fueron diferentes entre procedencias. Las plantas cultivadas en vivero de los orígenes geográficos de Napo y Pastaza se caracterizaron por mayor crecimiento, biomasa, lignificación, parámetros fotosintéticos y mejor calidad. Los resultados permiten afirmar que la procedencia influye en la morfología de las semillas, germinación y calidad de plantas de O. pyramidale. Se identificó la existencia de dos grupos: por un lado, las procedencias Pastaza y Napo y, por otro Orellana, lo cual resulta información de utilidad para definir zonas de movimiento de germoplasma con material mejor aclimatado a los sitios de plantación en la Amazonía ecuatoriana.
Agentes de daño en los bosques templados y selvas de México: análisis 2012-2016
Authors: Alvarado-Rosales Dionicio , Saavedra-Romero Luz de Lourdes , Franco-Islas Yolanda , Villa-Castillo Jaime , Quiroz-Reygadas Antonio David , Plascencia-González Abel
Published: December 2024

El Inventario Nacional Forestal y de Suelos (Infys) y la Gerencia de Sanidad de la Comisión Nacional Forestal (Conafor), iniciaron en 2012, la medición del indicador de salud forestal Daños al arbolado. En el presente estudio, se analizó la base de datos de 2012 a 2016 generada por el Infys con el objetivo de determinar la incidencia de los principales agentes de daño en latifoliadas y coníferas, por género arbóreo y entidad federativa. El análisis incluyó 8351 conglomerados y 500 446 árboles. Se identificaron 34 agentes de daño en 142 980 individuos arbóreos, destacando los daños por fuego, 24,8%; viento, 16,3%; agente desconocido, 14,1%; Tillandsia spp., 11,4%; insectos defoliadores, 7,5% y sequía, 5,4%. La incidencia de daños fue mayor en los géneros Alnus, Quercus y Pinus, con 54,6%, 50,4% y 41,5%, respectivamente. México es considerado el mayor centro de diversidad de encinos y de pinos, por lo que es apremiante determinar el papel que desempeñan los agentes de daño identificados y cuál es su impacto sobre el recurso forestal y los servicios ecosistémicos que proporcionan. Este estudio presenta el primer análisis del indicador de salud forestal, Daños al arbolado de 2012 a 2016, en bosques templados y selvas de México.
Tacrolimus Therapeutic Response, Pharmacokinetics and Adherence in Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Daldoul Mouna , Charfi Rim , Ferchichi Khouloud , Sassi Mouna Ben , Hammamia Syrine Ben , Medhioub Fatma , Gaies Emna , Enneifer Rym , Eljebari Hanene , Klouz Anis , Daghfous Riadh , Trabelsi Sameh
Published: December 2024

Background:
Tacrolimus is characterized by a high intra and interindividual pharmacokinetics variability. Data regarding factors that may influence its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in liver transplantation are limited.
The objectives of this study were to assess tacrolimus therapeutic response, pharmacokinetics and adherence in liver transplant recipients.
Methods:
The study was conducted at the Clinical Pharmacology Department over a period of 12 years from January 2009 to March 2021. We included liver transplant patients treated with tacrolimus referred to our department for tacrolimus therapeutic drug monitoring. Secondly, we assessed tacrolimus adherence in liver transplant recipients by using a prospective Morisky questionnaire.
Results:
We included 894 tacrolimus trough concentration C0 from 76 patients. The mean age was 24.4 ± 10.2 years. The sex-ratio M/F was 1.3. The median C0 was 8.53 ± 4.7 ng/mL. In 48.2% of cases, the C0 was in the therapeutic range. Children required higher weight doses of tacrolimus compared to adults. C0 and C0/dose ratio of tacrolimus were higher in adults and in male patients. Bilirubinemia, polypharmacy, and adherence were weakly correlated with C0. Mycophenolate mofetil, prednisolone, mehylprednisolone, amphotericin B, fluconazole, and omeprazole were associated with increased tacrolimus C0 while irbesartan was associated with decreased tacrolimus C0. The intraindividual coefficient of variability (CV) ranged from 20.4 to 119%. The interindividual CV was 46.1%. The tacrolimus index of variability ranged from 1.6 to 15.1. Age greater than 18 years increased tacrolimus adherence by 3.892-fold in liver transplant patients.
Conclusions: Tacrolimus bioavailability was higher in adults and in men. Adherence increased by 3.892-fold in liver transplant adults.
Personalized Mobile App–Based Program for Preparation and Recovery After Radical Prostatectomy: Initial Evidence for Improved Outcomes From a Prospective Nonrandomized Study (Preprint)
Authors: Martini Alberto , Kesch Claudia , Touzani Alae , Calleris Giorgio , Buhas Bogdan , Abou-Zahr Rawad , Rahota Razvan-George , Pradère Benjamin , Tollon Christophe , Beauval Jean-Baptiste , Ploussard Guillaume
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

eHealth can help replicate the benefits of conventional surgical prehabilitation programs and overcome organizational constraints related to human resources and health care–related costs.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to assess the impact of an optimized perioperative program using a personalized mobile app designed for preparation and recovery after radical prostatectomy (RP).

METHODS

We report on a series of 122 consecutive robot-assisted RP before and after the implementation of the betty.care app (cohort A: standard of care, n=60; cohort B: optimized program, n=62). The primary end point was continence recovery, defined as “0 or 1 safety pad per day” at 6 weeks after surgery. Secondary end points were length of stay, same-day discharge, complications, readmissions, and number of days alive and out of hospital within 30 days from surgery.

RESULTS

Both cohorts were comparable in terms of age, prostate-specific antigen, prostate volume, and disease aggressiveness. Intraoperative parameters (lymph node dissection, operative time, and bilateral nerve-sparing surgery) were comparable in both groups, except for blood loss, which was significantly higher in cohort B (182 vs 125 cc; P=.008). The 6-week continence rate was improved in cohort B in both univariable and multivariable analyses (92% vs 75%; P=.01). There were trends favoring cohort B for all secondary end points with a minimal 30% benefit compared with cohort A. Grade 2 or more complications occurred less frequently in cohort B (13% vs 3.2%; P=.042). Same-day discharge and readmission rates were 35% and 53% (P=.043), and 3.3% and 1.6% (P=.54) in cohorts A and B, respectively. Mean length of stay was reduced by 0.2 days in cohort B (0.58 vs 0.78 days; P=.10). The main limitation was the absence of randomization.

CONCLUSIONS

The implementation of a mobile app that provides a holistic approach to the perioperative period, integrating prehabilitation, rehabilitation, and remote monitoring, could lead to the improvement of important functional outcomes after RP and could replicate an on-site prehabilitation program. Multicenter validation is needed.
История баргутского противостояния на северо-востоке Китая (начало XX в.): этнополитические и религиозные аспекты (по архивным материалам)
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the RAS (6, Sakhyanova St., 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation), Gomboev Bair Ts. , Batunaev Eduard V. ,   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the RAS (6, Sakhyanova St., 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation)
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the history of the confrontation of the Barguts in Manchuria in the context of historical events in China. On the territory of Barga, in northeastern China, the socio-political situation at the beginning of the 20th century was difficult, caused not only by internal political processes of sharing power (confrontation of ethnic groups, preservation of traditional types of nature management), the struggle for resources, but also by external influences for domination and dominance in northeast East Asia (Russia, China and Japan). Under these conditions, the governments of Russia, Japan and the Chinese authorities, taking into account emerging political and international situations, methodically defended their interests in the region. The most affected were the peoples of Barga, in particular, the Barguts, who most advocated sovereignty. The purpose of the article is a comprehensive study of the political situation and ethno cultural aspects to identify the features of the formation of the Bargut ethnic group in the period from 1900 to 1921. Materials and methods. The research methodology is based on comparative historical, historical-genetic, historical-dynamic, retrospective methods, and interviewing methods, which made it possible to most fully analyze the main stages and patterns of the history of the Bargut confrontation in Manchuria in the context of historical events in China, taking into account ethno political and religious aspects. Based on archival materials from the AVPRI, field research, and the achievements of modern domestic and foreign historiography, problematic and key issues regarding a specific ethnic group of the Barguts of northeast China in a certain historical period (1900–1921) are considered. Results. The identification of the ethnic history of the Barguts of northeastern China and the introduction of new archival materials made it possible to identify the features of the national liberation struggle for the sovereignty of the Bargut ethnic group and the search for ways to achieve goals.
«Краткий очерк административного устройства астраханских калмыков» Ивана Черкасова: проблема авторства, отражение основных этапов калмыцкой истории и особенностей государственного управления
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, I. K. Ilishkin St., Elista, 358000, Russian Federation), Gunaev Evgeniy A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The article discusses the “Brief outline of the administrative structure of the Astrakhan Kalmyks” by Ivan Cherkasov. The author examines the problem of authorship of the work and the content of the essay, which reflects the main stages of Kalmyk history and the peculiarities of public administration according to the rules of administration of the Kalmyk people in 1825, 1834 and 1847. Results. The problem of authorship lies in the fact that in the catalogues of the state libraries of the Russian Federation, the author indicates Baron I. A. Cherkasov, who lived in the 18th century. However, an analysis of the text of the essay and references to sources and literature indicated in it suggest that the author was a contemporary of the 19th century. In this regard, the author, as it seems, is the Astrakhan historian of the 19th century — I. G. Cherkasov.The description of the main stages of Kalmyk history in the essay reflects the line of the official protective direction, when the actions of the Russian administration were supported, and the blame for the negative moments in Russian-Kalmyk relations was laid on the Kalmyks. At the same time, this source does not try to smooth out the sharp corners of Russian-Kalmyk relations, but shows the difficult way for Kalmyks to acquire Russian citizenship. Conclusions. Since the materials of the essay were originally published in the form of articles in the local Astrakhan Provincial Newspaper, it is assumed that they were censored and generally reflect the official interpretation of historical events. At the same time, individual events and versions of events indicated in the Short Essay are not accurate or controversial from the point of view of the subsequent development of historiography. Despite some inaccuracies, in some aspects of the description of Kalmyk history in the essay there are important, in our opinion, conclusions that need further research from the national historiography. Separate statements of the author of the essay in the study of the administrative management of the Astrakhan Kalmyks based on the rules of 1825, 1834 and 1847 also deserve analysis. In general, this essay really, as indicated in its title, seems to be an extract, part of a more extensive work — the handwritten history of the Astrakhan region.
Здоровье как главная ценность жизни в благопожеланиях монгольских народов
Authors:   Gorodovikov Kalmyk State University (11, Pushkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Khabunova Evdokia E. , Dampilova Ludmila S. ,   Gorodovikov Kalmyk State University (11, Pushkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation),   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the RAS (6, Sakhyanova St., 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation), Elbikova Balzira V. ,   Gorodovikov Kalmyk State University (11, Pushkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation)
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The article deals with traditional good wishes of Mongolian peoples (Buryat: yurol, ureel; Kalm.: yeral; Mong.: yerol; Xinjiang-Oirat.: yeral) as an admonition about the importance of good health to ensure a long, full, productive and happy human life. This theme belongs to the poorly studied problems, despite the fact that the motif of health permeates all genres of folklore of Mongolian peoples. The importance of the studied problem is obvious in the context of actualization of healthy lifestyle in modern conditions. The aim of the study is to determine the nature of the implementation of the motif “health” in well-wishes of Buryats, Kalmyks, Mongols and Xinjiang Oirats, to consider the basis of general formulas — wishes aimed at ensuring strong health to a person from the moment of his birth, at his speedy and painless socialization, at his ability to work and usefulness for the family, clan and state. Matherials and Methods. The study is based on the materials identified from oral sources during the expedition work and from publications containing the texts of traditional good wishes. When analyzing the national texts of well-wishes, a combination of elements of different methods (comparative-historical, comparative-typological, elements of pragmatic analysis, etc.) is used, which are important for studying the nature of representation of health wishes in the folklore tradition of related peoples (Buryats, Kalmyks, Mongols and Xinjiang Oirats) separated in time and space. Results. In the process of comparative study of the national texts of well-wishes it was established that the wish for health is the most widespread and stable form of greeting, which accompanies human life from the very moment of birth. The nomads’ idea of a healthy person is equated with the notions of: “strong”, “full-fledged”, “full member of society”, “normal person”, “happy person”, “prosperous person” “long-lived person”, “useful person”, “steadfast”, “reliable”. Manifestation of these health criteria are characterized by constancy in many well-wishes, which is confirmed by textual coincidences of poetic formulas.
Археологические коллекции, сформированные по результатам раскопок на территории Калмыкии, как источник по истории средневековья
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Kekeev Erdni A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The archaeological collections of the Middle Ages, formed by the results of excavations on the territory of Kalmykia, are currently stored in museums in Russia: The National Museum of the Republic of Kalmykia named after N. N. Palmov (Elista), the Saratov Regional Museum of Local Lore (Saratov), the State Historical Museum (Moscow), the A. H. Khalikov Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan (Kazan), as well as in several public museums of Kalmykia. The purpose of the article is to analyze the archaeological collections formed by the results of excavations on the territory of Kalmykia as a source on the history of the Middle Ages. Results. The analysis was carried out, during which the finds of the Middle Ages were considered by origin, material of manufacture, categories of inventory, use in museum exhibitions, and the degree of their introduction into scientific circulation. It has been established that the funds of these museums contain more than 1,500 units, which originate from funerary and settlement monuments found on the territory of Kalmykia. The study of the distribution of finds by material of manufacture showed that most of the items are made of iron — 49.3%, bronze — 8.9% and clay — 5.7%. The funeral inventory of this period is represented by several main categories: weapons and elements of horse harness, pottery, personal items and jewelry. Finds from settlement monuments are represented by fragments of tiles, ceramics, etc. The analysis of the relevance of the studied objects of the Middle Ages showed that finds from Kalmykia are little used in museum and exhibition work and are part of the permanent exhibition only in the National Museum of the Republic of Kalmykia.
Искусственно деформированные черепа из антропологических материалов, хранящихся в Калмыцком научном центре РАН
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Bembeeva Lyubov A.
Published: December 2024

This work is devoted to the artificial deformation of the skull on the basis of craniological materials stored in the funds of the Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS. The purpose of the work is description of skulls with artificial deformation based on the collections of anthropological materials of the Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS as well as their introduction into scientific circulation. The object of the study was craniological materials from the burials of burial mounds studied on the territory of the Republic of Kalmykia. The subject of the study was the tradition of artificial deformation of the human head. The gender and age characteristics were carried out according to a comprehensive anthropological program, including traditional anthropological methods. Results. The work consists of an introduction, three chapters and conclusions. The introduction provides a brief historiography of the study of the problem. The classification of types of deformation of E.V. Zhirov, the most common in our country, is given. All the material under study is divided into three time groups: burials of the Bronze Age, the Early Iron Age and the Middle Ages. The conducted research allowed us to draw the following conclusions: the custom of artificial deformation of the head on the territory of the Volga-Manych steppes existed already in the Bronze Age, but became a stable tradition in the late period of the Early Iron Age, and was found in the burials of the Middle Ages, but as isolated cases.
Дунсянский язык: некоторые вопросы системы вокализма
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Kukanova Viktoria V. , Chushkaeva Zayana I.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Dongxiang is a southern Mongolic language containing a variety of archaic features that seem promising for comparative historical linguistics. Goals. The study attempts an analysis of Dongxiang vowel patterns introduced in works authored by Russian and foreign scientists. Materials. The article focuses on published Dongxiang language materials dealing with phonetic features of this southern Mongolic language. Results. The vowel phonetic system of Dongxiang — reported to comprise a total of five to seven sounds — has been approached by a number of scholars, such as B. Todaeva, Ma Guoliang and Liu Zhaoxiong, Nademude, Buhe, A. Ibrahim, Ma Guozhong and Chen Yuanlong, Deligerma. However, the only researcher to have identified certain phonemes is A. Ibrahim. So, despite the academic insights, issues of phonemic statuses for some vowel sounds still remain unresolved. The available works contain no concurrent views on the Dongxiang vowel system, the latter to comprise even differing numbers of sounds in classifications authored by different researchers. Our comparative review of the different classifications reveals those tend to differentiate vowel sounds by position (front, central, and back ones) and by tenseness (close, mid, and open ones). Labiality is also indicated as a defining characteristic but vowel lengths still remain unattended by the researchers.
«Уложение Тимура» как источник по тактическому искусству чагатайских войск последней трети XIV – начала XV вв.
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University (1, Pirogov St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation), Bobrov Leonid A. , Kushkumbayev Aibolat K. ,   Institute for the Study of Jochi Ulus (2/1, Office 8, Turkestan St., 010016 Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan), Sabitov Zhaksylyk М. ,   Dosmukhamedov Atyrau University (1, Studenchesky Ave., 060000 Atyrau, Republic of Kazakhstan), Myltykbayuly Agatay U. ,   Institute for the Study of Jochi Ulus (2/1, Office 8, Turkestan St., 010016 Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan)
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The article examines some historical and other related circumstances behind the creation of Tuzūkāt-i Tīmūrī (The Code of [Amir] Timur). Goals. The paper seeks to identify the narrative’s place in a variety of written sources on Chagatai military tactics of the late fourteenth to early fifteenth centuries. Results. The study discovers The Code is a composite work compiled from a text allegedly found in Arabia by Abu TalibTurbati in the early seventeenth century, subsequent comments of a translator and a copyist, some fragments of Timurid writings dated from the early fifteenth century, and corrections introduced by the Mughal historian Muhammad Ashraf Bukhari. The final version of Tuzūkāt-i Tīmūrī was completed between the mid-1620s and 1650s at the earliest. The sections about tactics of Amir Timur’s Chagatai army are very likely a combination of messages borrowed by the compilers from fifteenth-century Timurid written sources — and their own interpretations of Safavid (and possibly Mughal) combat practices of later times. Descriptions of combat formations and tactical techniques contained in Tuzūkāt-i Tīmūrī cannot be merely extrapolated to military realities of Amir Timur’ era. However, the narrative does clarify some specifics of Chagatai combat tactics mentioned in the Timurid Zafarnamas (ones by Nizam al-Din Shami and Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi). Some of the descriptions are not that clear to contemporary researchers while those were obvious enough to the seventeenth-century authors. For this reason, The Code can be most instrumental in ‘deciphering’ some complicated or controversial patterns of tactics contained in Timurid sources of the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries. Conclusions. It is possible to highlight data pertaining to Chagatai combat tactics of the designated period through comparing the text of Tuzūkāt-i Tīmūrī to those of early fifteenth-century Zafarnamas and other works of the Timurid era.
Тюркоязычный дневник Инша Аллах Хана Инша как литературный памятник
Authors:   Ufa University of Science and Technology (32, Z. Validi St., 450076 Ufa, Russian Federation), Saitbattalov Iskander R.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Insha Allah Khan Insha was a key author of Urdu literature at the turn of the nineteenth centuries. His works were multilingual, and the languages he used comprised a local version of literary Turki. Nowadays there is only one surviving manuscript of the poet’s largest Turkic-language work ― The Turki-Language Diary ― housed at the Rampur Raza Library (Rampur, India) and never subjected to any special Turkological research. Goals. So, the paper attempts a comprehensive description of the narrative as a written and literary monument. Results. The article provides a detailed archaeographic description of the manuscript, clarifies somewhat exact dates of the mentioned events, determines a quantitative ratio of India’s languages in the text, and links fragments in different languages to certain thematic blocks. A variety of literary methods proves instrumental in identifying the structure of daily notes, their compositional features, and key content/thematic blocks. Although the manuscript primarily focuses on everyday life and describes conversations with various people, it does contain fragments of poems once heard by the author and those composed by him. The latter’s analysis makes it possible to delineate the reading range of individuals from Insha’s circle, and to clarify some textual aspects of his own works that would be included in his Complete Works (poems). Identifications of the individuals mentioned in the manuscript are as instrumental in determining the poet’s social circle, cast light on his relationship with the patron. The abundance of direct speech patterns helps reconstruct Insha’s perceptions of his contemporaries and close ones, and, to a certain extent, styles of their everyday communication and ranges of their constant interests. The manuscript ― its content and form ― significantly expands our understanding of both Insha Allah Khan Insha proper, and of Turkic-language practices in India throughout the last decades of the Mughal Empire.
Технология гончарства населения раннего железного века Казахского мелкосопочника (Сарыарки)
Authors:   Karaganda Buketov University (28, Universitetskaya St., 100024 Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan), Loman Valeriy G.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The article introduces the Early Iron Age pottery technology of the Kazakh Uplands (Kaz. Saryarqa ‘Yellow Ridge’). Goals. The study seeks to identify common and specific features inherent to pottery traditions traced in ceramics from settlements and barrows scattered across the Saryarqa. Materials and methods. The work examines sherds from a total of 314 Saka-era vessels (including 291 samples from 6 settlements of Central Kazakhstan and 3 settlements of North Kazakhstan, as well as 23 samples from 9 barrows). In addition, 17 vessels from barrows with ‘moustaches’ (or stone ridges) previously dated to the Early Iron Age have also been investigated. A. Bobrinsky’s method — with the aid of МБС-10 binocular microscope and СНОЛ muffle laboratory furnace — has proven most instrumental in testing the pottery technology. Results and conclusions. The investigated settlements of Central and North Kazakhstan are characterized by that they would mainly select similar raw material — medium-iron clays. However, the pottery paste recipes did differ: in North Kazakhstan, preference was given to medium-size mineral tempers, and to larger ones — in Central Kazakhstan. Furthermore, pottery shaping techniques of Central Kazakhstan were largely dominated by coiling, while in North Kazakhstan they would turn to pinching/patching, and the latter method happens to have been as widespread in ceramic samples from the Saka-era barrows. The wall-to-base sequence prevails in ceramics from both settlements and barrows. Our analysis of related data for barrows with ‘moustaches’ shows the latter’s pottery traditions (preference to clay concentrates, grog, and spiral patching) essentially differ from those traced in regular barrows. This can be explained by that according to recent radiocarbon tests the barrows with ‘moustaches’ date from later periods. In general, the study shows the Early Iron Age population of the Saryarqa was very heterogeneous, and the era was witnessing active mergers of various groups.
Сакральное пространство этнической Бурятии: культ целебных родников
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of the RAS (6, Sakhyanova St., 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation), Sodnompilova Marina M.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The sacral map of ethnic spatial development is a complicated mosaic of multifunctional zones that includes places of residence, territories for economic activity, and sacral areas proper. Ethnic Buryatia’s sacral map comprises a variety of spatial elements, such as border markers of settlements, places for economic pursuits, burial grounds, and those of hierophanies. ‘Healing’ localities, including healing springs, are somewhat distinguished in this sacral space. Goals. The study attempts a review of images of healing springs, their functions and significance for society — through the prism of spatial, social ‘narratives’ of culture. Materials and methods. The Buryat development space is a compound information environment comprising elements that remain relevant to date. Healing springs are considered from the perspective of the information theory of culture, which makes it possible to identify a few layers of somewhat contradictory messages articulated by representatives of different generations. Results. The paper traces certain chains of changes in statuses of such springs: from ‘water of immortality’ once granted by deities — to symbols of holiness of Buddhist hierarchs whose efforts gave birth to a number of such arshans. Special attention is given to images of supernatural patrons of springs, their healing properties and prescribed practices, beautification endeavors across adjacent territories. Conclusions. The insight into the arshan cult and water-related practices reveals some most socially relevant details inherent thereto. Information layers characterizing the image of a spring reflect certain changes in perceptions of its significance — from clan-level status to public one. Furthermore, Buddhism has yielded significant transformations both in ritual arrangements, patterns of healing practices, and design of such treatment places.
“Nevertheless, I am the same, identical woman”: la figura y el ethos autoral de Sylvia Plath
Authors: Muriel López Andrea
Published: December 2024

Sylvia Plath (1932-1963) fue una autora estadounidense perteneciente al movimiento de la poesía confesional quien, debido a su tormentosa y pública vida, así como su abrupta muerte, ha sido frecuentemente leída, primero que nada, a través de quien fue, a través de los hechos de la vida de la persona de carne y hueso. Debido a que esto genera varias problemáticas, a veces polémicas, al momento de analizar su obra, al casi reducirla a una comprobación factual, en este artículo propongo el estudio de su figura autoral para dar otras claves de lectura de su poesía y vislumbrar las posibilidades que esta perspectiva aporta para la poesía escrita por mujeres y, en particular, para la poesía cercana a la intimidad y la autoficción como lo es, evidentemente, la poesía confesional. Además, es inevitable pensar que el impacto que suele tener la obra de quien escribe en su público lector suele estar mediado por su figura, ya sean sus fotografías, sus apariciones públicas o incluso aquello que se desprende de los mismos textos y que les hace sentir una mayor cercanía a la autora o el autor. Es por eso que en este artículo recorro las nociones de figura autoral interna, figura autoral externa y ethos autoral en cuanto a su importancia en la recepción literaria, así como las nociones históricas de autor y escritor desde una perspectiva feminista, debido a que esos roles se han “diseñado” en masculino, para posteriormente analizar algunos aspectos del poema “Lady Lazarus” y desprender de las tensiones entre texto/ficción y autoría/factualidad, ciertos elementos que puedan proponer una interpretación distinta —y más justa— de la poesía de Sylvia Plath.
Transformar la investigación en medicina familiar en México: un llamado a la acción
Authors: López-Ortiz Geovani
Published: December 2024

Editorial
Relación entre complicaciones microvasculares y valores elevados del índice neutrófilo-linfocito en pacientes con diabetes mellitus
Authors: Rico-Chávez Pedro , Pérez-Pérez Mireya , Reyes-Jiménez Olivia
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: evaluar la relación entre las complicaciones microvasculares y valores elevados del índice neutrófilo-linfocito (NLR) en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) de una unidad de medicina familiar. Métodos: estudio transversal analítico realizado en la Unidad de Medicina Familiar 92 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Se analizaron 232 expedientes clínicos de pacientes con DM2 obtenidos por muestreo probabilístico. Se empleó una cédula diseñada por los investigadores para la recolección de variables sociodemográficas, bioquímicas y clínicas, y se analizaron con GraphPad Prism 10 mediante pruebas de χ2 y t de Student, los resultados con valor de p<0.05 se consideraron estadísticamente significativos. Resultados: se calculó el NLR de cada expediente y se encontró que 51 pacientes (22%) presentaron NLR elevado. La presencia del NLR elevado se relacionó con el sexo, la presencia de hipertensión y el descontrol glucémico (p<0.05) pero no con el índice de masa corporal, edad y tiempo de evolución de la DM2. Se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el NLR elevado y la presencia de complicaciones microvasculares como nefropatía, neuropatía, cardiopatía y  retinopatía (p<0.05). El análisis de regresión logística mostró una relación significativa entre el NLR y la cardiopatía diabética (OR: 7.93, 95% IC, IC 3.29-20.33, p<0.05). Conclusión: Los valores elevados del NLR se relacionaron con la presencia de complicaciones microvasculares en pacientes con DM2, por lo cual el nlr puede ser empleado como un biomarcador para el control del paciente con  diabetes en la consulta de medicina familiar.
Relationship Between Insulin Resistance and Monocyte Count by Nutritional Status
Authors: Zavala-Morfín Armando , Villapando-Sánchez Diana C. , Gómez-García Anel
Published: December 2024

Objective: to analyze the relationship between insulin resistance and monocyte count by nutritional status. Methods: analytical cross-sectional study, carried out at the Family Medicine Unit No. 80 in Morelia, Michoacán. Forty-five adults of both genders aged 18-55 years were selected by non-probabilistic sampling. Anthropometry, blood collection for blood biometry, blood chemistry, and insulin receptor expression in monocytes were performed. Patients with chronic diseases and altered immunocompromised states were excluded. Six groups were studied according to body mass index category, and with/without insulin resistance (IR). Median, minimum-maximum value was used. For comparisons between groups, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and Dunn’s multiple comparison test were used as post-hoc. Statistical significance was considered with p<0.05. Results: in adults with normal weight (n= 19), 63% presented IR. There was no difference in the number of classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocytes in patients with insulin resistance (p>0.05). No differences were identified in the expression of the insulin receptor in monocyte populations (p>0.05). Conclusion: a high proportion of insulin resistance was found in individuals with normal weight. Future studies are proposed on the influence of insulin resistance on intracellular signaling and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines derived from different monocyte subtypes in individuals with and without IR.