bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iontronic pressure sensor with high sensitivity over ultra-broad linear range enabled by laser-induced gradient micro-pyramids
Authors: Yang Ruoxi , Dutta Ankan , Li Bowen , Tiwari Naveen , Zhang Wanqing , Niu Zhenyuan , Gao Yuyan , Erdely Daniel , Xin Xin , Li Tiejun , Cheng Huanyu
Published: June 2023

Despite the extensive developments of flexible capacitive pressure sensors, it is still elusive to simultaneously achieve excellent linearity over a broad pressure range, high sensitivity, and ultrahigh pressure resolution under large pressure preloads. Here, we present a programmable fabrication method for microstructures to integrate an ultrathin ionic layer. The resulting optimized sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 33.7 kPa−1 over a linear range of 1700 kPa, a detection limit of 0.36 Pa, and a pressure resolution of 0.00725% under the pressure of 2000 kPa. Taken together with rapid response/recovery and excellent repeatability, the sensor is applied to subtle pulse detection, interactive robotic hand, and ultrahigh-resolution smart weight scale/chair. The proposed fabrication approaches and design toolkit from this work can also be leveraged to easily tune the pressure sensor performance for varying target applications and open up opportunities to create other iontronic sensors.
Highly cross-linked carbon tube aerogels with enhanced elasticity and fatigue resistance
Authors: Zhuang Lei , Lu De , Zhang Jijun , Guo Pengfei , Su Lei , Qin Yuanbin , Zhang Peng , Xu Liang , Niu Min , Peng Kang , Wang Hongjie
Published: June 2023

Carbon aerogels are elastic, mechanically robust and fatigue resistant and are known for their promising applications in the fields of soft robotics, pressure sensors etc. However, these aerogels are generally fragile and/or easily deformable, which limits their applications. Here, we report a synthesis strategy for fabricating highly compressible and fatigue-resistant aerogels by assembling interconnected carbon tubes. The carbon tube aerogels demonstrate near-zero Poisson’s ratio, exhibit a maximum strength over 20 MPa and a completely recoverable strain up to 99%. They show high fatigue resistance (less than 1.5% permanent degradation after 1000 cycles at 99% strain) and are thermally stable up to 2500 °C in an Ar atmosphere. Additionally, they possess tunable conductivity and electromagnetic shielding. The combined mechanical and multi-functional properties offer an attractive material for the use in harsh environments.
Ageing restructures the transcriptome of the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus and alters the response to dehydration
Authors: Elsamad Ghadir , Mecawi André Souza , Pauža Audrys G. , Gillard Benjamin , Paterson Alex , Duque Victor J. , Šarenac Olivera , Žigon Nina Japundžić , Greenwood Mingkwan , Greenwood Michael P. , Murphy David
Published: June 2023

Ageing is associated with altered neuroendocrine function. In the context of the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus, which makes the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin, ageing alters acute responses to hyperosmotic cues, rendering the elderly more susceptible to dehydration. Chronically, vasopressin has been associated with numerous diseases of old age, including type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Bulk RNAseq transcriptome analysis has been used to catalogue the polyadenylated supraoptic nucleus transcriptomes of adult (3 months) and aged (18 months) rats in basal euhydrated and stimulated dehydrated conditions. Gene ontology and Weighted Correlation Network Analysis revealed that ageing is associated with alterations in the expression of extracellular matrix genes. Interestingly, whilst the transcriptomic response to dehydration is overall blunted in aged animals compared to adults, there is a specific enrichment of differentially expressed genes related to neurodegenerative processes in the aged cohort, suggesting that dehydration itself may provoke degenerative consequences in aged rats.
Biodegradable elastomeric circuit boards from citric acid-based polyesters
Authors: Turner Brendan L. , Twiddy Jack , Wilkins Michael D. , Ramesh Srivatsan , Kilgour Katie M. , Domingos Eleo , Nasrallah Olivia , Menegatti Stefano , Daniele Michael A.
Published: June 2023

Recyclable and biodegradable microelectronics, i.e., “green” electronics, are emerging as a viable solution to the global challenge of electronic waste. Specifically, flexible circuit boards represent a prime target for materials development and increasing the utility of green electronics in biomedical applications. Circuit board substrates and packaging are good dielectrics, mechanically and thermally robust, and are compatible with microfabrication processes. Poly(octamethylene maleate (anhydride) citrate) (POMaC) – a citric acid-based elastomer with tunable degradation and mechanical properties – presents a promising alternative for circuit board substrates and packaging. Here, we report the characterization of Elastomeric Circuit Boards (ECBs). Synthesis and processing conditions were optimized to achieve desired degradation and mechanical properties for production of stretchable circuits. ECB traces were characterized and exhibited sheet resistance of 0.599 Ω cm−2, crosstalk distance of <0.6 mm, and exhibited stable 0% strain resistances after 1000 strain cycles to 20%. Fabrication of single layer and encapsulated ECBs was demonstrated.
Feedback-based active reset of a spin qubit in silicon
Authors: Kobayashi T. , Nakajima T. , Takeda K. , Noiri A. , Yoneda J. , Tarucha S.
Published: June 2023

Feedback control of qubits is a highly demanded technique for advanced quantum information protocols such as fault-tolerant quantum error correction. Here we demonstrate active reset of a silicon spin qubit using feedback control. The active reset is based on quantum non-demolition (QND) readout of the qubit and feedback according to the readout results, which is enabled by hardware data processing and sequencing. We incorporate a cumulative readout technique to the active reset protocol, enhancing initialization fidelity above a limitation imposed by the single-shot QND readout fidelity. An analysis of the reset protocol implies a pathway to achieve the initialization fidelity sufficient for fault-tolerant quantum computation. These results provide a practical approach to high-fidelity qubit operations in realistic devices.
Transport measurement of fractional charges in topological models
Authors: Cheng Shu-guang , Wu Yijia , Jiang Hua , Sun Qing-Feng , Xie X. C.
Published: June 2023

The static topological fractional charge (TFC) in condensed matter systems is related to the band topology and thus has potential applications in topological quantum computation. However, the experimental measurement of these TFCs in electronic systems is quite challenging. We propose an electronic transport measurement scheme in which both the charge amount and the spatial distribution of the TFC can be extracted from the differential conductance through a quantum dot coupled to the topological system being measured. For one-dimensional Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model, both the e/2 charge of the TFC and its distribution can be verified. As for the disorder effect, it is shown that the Anderson disorder, which breaks certain symmetry related to the TFC, is significant in higher-dimensional systems while having little effect on the one-dimensional SSH chain. Nonetheless, our measurement scheme can still work well for specific higher-order topological insulator materials, for instance, the 2e/3 TFC in the breathing kagome model could be confirmed even in the presence of disorder effect. These conclusions about spatial dimension and disorder effect are quite universal, which also applies to other topological systems such as topological classic wave system.
Evidence-based target setting informs blue carbon strategies for nationally determined contributions
Authors: Arkema Katie K. , Delevaux Jade M. S. , Silver Jessica M. , Winder Samantha G. , Schile-Beers Lisa M. , Bood Nadia , Crooks Stephen , Douthwaite Karen , Durham Courtney , Hawthorne Peter L. , Hickey Thomas , Mattis Colin , Rosado Andria , Ruckelshaus Mary , von Unger Moritz , Young Arlene
Published: June 2023

The magnitude and pace of global climate change demand ambitious and effective implementation of nationally determined contributions (NDCs). Nature-based solutions present an efficient approach to achieving mitigation, adaptation and resilience goals. Yet few nations have quantified the diverse benefits of nature-based solutions to evaluate and select ecosystem targets for their NDCs. Here we report on Belize’s pursuit of innovative, evidence-based target setting by accounting for multiple benefits of blue carbon strategies. Through quantification of carbon storage and sequestration and optimization of co-benefits, we explore time-bound targets and prioritize locations for mangrove protection and restoration. We find increases in carbon benefits with larger mangrove investments, while fisheries, tourism and coastal risk-reduction co-benefits grow initially and then plateau. We identify locations, currently lacking protected status, where prioritizing blue carbon strategies would provide the greatest delivery of co-benefits to communities. These findings informed Belize’s updated NDCs to include an additional 12,000 ha of mangrove protection and 4,000 ha of mangrove restoration, respectively, by 2030. Our study serves as an example for the more than 150 other countries that have the opportunity to enhance greenhouse gas sequestration and climate adaptation by incorporating blue carbon strategies that provide multiple societal benefits into their NDCs.
Leafhopper males compensate for unclear directional cues in vibration-mediated mate localization
Authors: Polajnar Jernej , Kuhelj Anka , Janža Rok , Žnidaršič Nada , Simčič Tatjana , Virant-Doberlet Meta
Published: June 2023

Ambient noise and transmission properties of the substrate pose challenges in vibrational signal-mediated mating behavior of arthropods, because vibrational signal production is energetically demanding. We explored implications of these challenges in the leafhopper Aphrodes makarovi (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) by exposing males to various kinds of vibrational noise on a natural substrate and challenging them to find the source of the female playback. Contrary to expectations, males exposed to noise were at least as efficient as control males on account of similar searching success with less signaling effort, while playing back male–female duets allowed the males to switch to satellite behavior and locate the target without signaling, as expected. We found altered mitochondrial structure in males with high signaling effort that likely indicate early damaging processes at the cellular level in tymbal muscle, but no relation between biochemical markers of oxidative stress and signaling effort. Analysis of signal transmission revealed ambiguous amplitude gradients, which might explain relatively low searching success, but it also indicates the existence of behavioral adaptations to complex vibrational environments. We conclude that the observed searching tactic, emphasizing speed rather than thorough evaluation of directional cues, may compensate for unclear stimuli when the target is near.
Gut microbiota-derived lipid metabolites facilitate regulatory T cell differentiation
Authors: Shiratori Hiroaki , Oguchi Hiroyuki , Isobe Yosuke , Han Kyu-Ho , Sen Akira , Yakebe Kyosuke , Takahashi Daisuke , Fukushima Michihiro , Arita Makoto , Hase Koji
Published: June 2023

Commensal bacteria-derived metabolites are critical in regulating the host immune system. Although the impact of gut microbiota-derived hydrophilic metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, on immune cell functions and development has been well documented, the immunomodulatory effects of gut microbiota-derived lipids are still of interest. Here, we report that lipid extracts from the feces of specific-pathogen-free (SPF), but not germ-free (GF), mice showed regulatory T (Treg)-cell-inducing activity. We conducted RP-HPLC-based fractionation and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)-based lipidome profiling and identified two bioactive lipids, 9,10-dihydroxy-12Z-octadecenoic acid (9,10-DiHOME) and all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), with Treg-inducing activity in vitro. The luminal abundance of 9,10-DiHOME in the large intestine was significantly decreased by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, indicating that 9,10-DiHOME may be a potential biomarker of colitis. These observations implied that commensal bacteria-derived lipophilic metabolites might contribute to Treg development in the large intestine.
The prognostic value of URR equals that of Kt/V for all-cause mortality in Taiwan after 10-year follow-up
Authors: Chen Yi-Kong , Chu Chih-Sheng , Niu Sheng-Wen , Lin Hugo You-Hsien , Yu Pei-Hua , Shen Feng-Ching , Chao Yu-Lin , Kuo I-Ching , Hung Chi-Chih , Chang Jer-Ming
Published: June 2023

Kt/V and URR (urea reduction ratio) measurements represent dialysis adequacy. Single-pool Kt/V is theoretically a superior method and is recommended by the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines. However, the prognostic value of URR compared with Kt/V for all-cause mortality is unknown. The effect modifiers and cut-off values of the two parameters have not been compared. We investigated 2615 incident hemodialysis patients with URR of 72% and Kt/V (Daugirdas) of 1.6. The average patient age was 59 years, 50.7% were female, and 1113 (40.2%) died within 10 years. URR and Kt/V were both positively associated with nutrition factors and female sex and negatively associated with body weight and heart failure. In Cox regression mod-els for all-cause mortality, the hazard ratios (HRs) of high URR groups (65–70%, 70–75%, and > 75%) and the URR < 65% group were 0.748 (0.623–0.898), 0.693 (0.578–0.829), and 0.640 (0.519–0.788), respectively. The HRs of high Kt/V groups (Kt/V 1.2–1.4, 1.4–1.7, and > 1.7) and the Kt/V < 1.2 group were 0.711 (0.580–0.873), 0.656 (0.540–0.799), and 0.623 (0.498–0.779), respec-tively. In subgroup analysis, Kt/V was not associated with all-cause mortality in women. The prognostic value of URR for all-cause mortality is as great as that of Kt/V. URR > 70% and Kt/V > 1.4 were associated with a higher survival rate. Kt/V may have weaker prognostic value for women.
Detecting introgressive hybridization to maintain genetic integrity in endangered large waterbird: a case study in milky stork
Authors: Kaminsin Damisa , Warrit Natapot , Sankhom Rangsinee , Piamsanga Krittee , Sanannu Saowaphang , Baicharoen Sudarath , Wiwegweaw Amporn
Published: June 2023

Hybridization between milky stork (Mycteria cinerea) and painted stork (M. leucocephala) occurs frequently in captivity. Dusit Zoo is a captive breeding facility where storks with phenotypically ambiguous patterns have recently been observed, and their status remaining inconclusive. Here, we used a combination of phenotypic characters and genetic markers (cytochrome b and 14 microsatellite markers) to distinguish and identify hybrids from the two parental species (n = 114). Haplotype analysis revealed asymmetric mtDNA introgression from M. cinerea to M. leucocephala, with twelve morphologically classified M. leucocephala individuals carrying heterospecific mtDNA. Comprehensive biparental genetic assessments identified 33% of all three genetic clusters as admixed individuals, of which most were either F2 hybrids, backcrosses with M. leucocephala, or hybrids of unknown generation, implying weak premating isolation with the absence of intrinsic postzygotic isolation between parentals. Morphological analysis demonstrated that the absence or indistinctness of a black bar across the breast is the most noticeable trait to identify these hybrids. The endangered M. cinerea was found to have genomic contamination from M. leucocephala and vice versa, with at least 41 hybrid individuals being identified. These findings provide critical information for detecting hybrids and identifying suitable breeding stocks with genetic purity for future reintroduction and conservation management.
Implication of the micro- and lithofacies types on the quality of a gas-bearing deltaic reservoir in the Nile Delta, Egypt
Authors: Nabawy Bassem S. , Abd El Aziz Emad A. , Ramadan Mohamed , Shehata Amer A.
Published: June 2023

The Messinian Qawasim sequence, as one of the most important reservoirs in the Egyptian Nile Delta, represents a typical gas-bearing deltaic reservoir sequence. It aims at delineating the implication of the litho- and microfacies associations on the reservoir characteristics of the different stages of the fluvial deltas including the prodelta, proximal/distal delta front, and the delta plain depositional sequences. The studied reservoir sequence was divided into two units; upper and lower clastic units. The petrophysical properties of these two units were studied on the borehole scale using the gamma-ray, caliper, sonic, density, neutron, and resistivity logs to estimate the reservoir parameters including the total and effective porosities, water saturation, shale volume, and the net-pay thickness. For more details, they are also examined on the plug-scale using the core dataset including helium porosity, density, permeability, and fluids saturations, where the flow zone indicator, the reservoir potentiality index, the reservoir quality index, and the average reservoir pore radius were then estimated. The entire sequence is divided into five reservoir rock types (RRT1-RRT5) where, the best quality is assigned to the first RRT (the upper reservoir unit), and the lowest quality is assigned to the RRT5 of the lower reservoir unit. Based on core description and the petrographical studies five lithofacies and four microfacies have been identified. The lithofacies are (1) laminated mudstones/siltstones, (2) ripple laminated sandstones, (3) cross-laminated sandstones, (4) cross-bedded sandstones, and (5) pebbly massive sandstones. These lithofacies are primarily composed of four microfacies; sublithic arenites, subarkose arenite, glauconitic quartz wacke, and sandy mudstone/siltstone. Based on this study, the pebbly massive and the cross-bedded sandstones of the upper unit which is composed of the sublithic and subarkose arenites (RRT1-RRT2) have the best reservoir quality. On the other hand, the lowest quality is assigned to the RRT5 (sandy mudstone/siltstone microfacies) which is represented on the macro scale by the laminated mudstones/siltstones lithofacies. The integration between multi-scale datasets (core-well, petrography, well logs, and seismic) gives a precise picture of the deltaic Qawasim reservoir rock units in the Nile Delta. This workflow has never been applied to the deltaic system in the onshore Nile delta and North Africa. Thereby, this study is considered a standard case study for the deltaic sequences and its proposed workflow is applicable to the Nile Delta elsewhere and worldwide for similar reservoir sequences.
High-pressure studies in the supercooled and glassy state of the strongly associated active pharmaceutical ingredient—ticagrelor
Authors: Jesionek Paulina , Heczko Dawid , Hachuła Barbara , Kamiński Kamil , Kamińska Ewa
Published: June 2023

In this paper, the molecular dynamics at different thermodynamic conditions of hydrogen-bonded (H-bonded) active pharmaceutical ingredient—ticagrelor (TICA) have been investigated. Extensive high-pressure (HP) dielectric studies revealed surprising high sensitivity of the structural (α)-relaxation to compression. They also showed that unexpectedly the shape of the α-peak remains invariable at various temperature (T) and pressure (p) conditions at constant α-relaxation time. Further infrared measurements on the ordinary and pressure densified glasses of the examined compound indicated that the hydrogen-bonding pattern in TICA is unchanged by the applied experimental conditions. Such behavior was in contrast to that observed recently for ritonavir (where the organization of hydrogen bonds varied at high p) and explained the lack of changes in the width of α-dispersion with compression. Moreover, HP dielectric measurements performed in the glassy state of TICA revealed the high sensitivity of the slow secondary (β)-relaxation (Johari–Goldstein type) to pressure and fulfillment of the isochronal superpositioning of α- and JG-β-relaxation times. Additionally, it was found that the activation entropy for the β-process, estimated from the Eyring equation (a high positive value at 0.1 MPa) slightly increases with compression. We suggested that the reason for that are probably small conformational variations of TICA molecules at elevated p.
A de novo evolved domain improves the cadmium detoxification capacity of limpet metallothioneins
Authors: García-Risco Mario , Calatayud Sara , Pedrini-Martha Veronika , Albalat Ricard , Palacios Òscar , Capdevila Mercè , Dallinger Reinhard
Published: June 2023

Metallothioneins (MTs) constitute an important family of metal binding proteins. Mollusk MTs, in particular, have been used as model systems to better understand the evolution of their metal binding features and functional adaptation. In the present study two recombinantly produced MTs, LgiMT1 and LgiMT2, and their de novo evolved γ domain, of the marine limpet Lottia gigantea, were analyzed by electronic spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Both MT proteins, as well as their γ domains, exhibit a strong binding specificity for Cd(II), but not for Zn(II) or Cu(I). The LgiMTs’ γ domain renders an MII4(SCys)10 cluster with an increased Cd stoichiometry (binding 4 instead of 3 Cd2+ ions), representing a novel structural element in the world of MTs, probably featuring an adamantane 3D structure. This cluster significantly improves the Cd(II)-binding performance of the full length proteins and thus contributes to the particularly high Cd coping capacity observed in free-living limpets.
Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 isolation in cell culture from nasal/nasopharyngeal swabs or saliva specimens of patients with COVID-19
Authors: Yazawa Shunsuke , Yamazaki Emiko , Saga Yumiko , Itamochi Masae , Inasaki Noriko , Shimada Takahisa , Oishi Kazunori , Tani Hideki
Published: June 2023

It has been revealed that SARS-CoV-2 can be efficiently isolated from clinical specimens such as nasal/nasopharyngeal swabs or saliva in cultured cells. In this study, we examined the efficiency of viral isolation including SARS-CoV-2 mutant strains between nasal/nasopharyngeal swab or saliva specimens. Furthermore, we also examined the comparison of viral isolation rates by sample species using simulated specimens for COVID-19. As a result, it was found that the isolation efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 in the saliva specimens was significantly lower than that in the nasal/nasopharyngeal swab specimens. In order to determine which component of saliva is responsible for the lower isolation rate of saliva specimens, we tested the abilities of lactoferrin, amylase, cathelicidin, and mucin, which are considered to be abundant in saliva, to inhibit the infection of SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped viruses (SARS-CoV-2pv). Lactoferrin and amylase were found to inhibit SARS-CoV-2pv infection. In conclusion, even if the same number of viral genome copies was detected by the real-time RT-PCR test, infection of SARS-CoV-2 present in saliva is thought to be inhibited by inhibitory factors such as lactoferrin and amylase, compared to nasal/nasopharyngeal swab specimens.
Factors associated with frequent high-cost individuals with cystic fibrosis and their healthcare utilization and cost patterns
Authors: Desai Sameer , Zhang Wei , Sutherland Jason M. , Singer Joel , Quon Bradley S.
Published: June 2023

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a progressive multi-organ disease with significant morbidity placing extensive demands on the healthcare system. Little is known about those individuals with CF who continually incur high costs over multiple years. Understanding their characteristics may help inform opportunities to improve management and care, and potentially reduce costs. The purpose of this study was to identify and understand the clinical and demographic attributes of frequent high-costing CF individuals and characterize their healthcare utilization and costs over time. A longitudinal study of retrospective data was completed in British Columbia, Canada by linking the Canadian CF Registry with provincial healthcare administrative databases for the period between 2009 and 2017. Multivariable Cox regression models were employed to identify baseline factors associated with becoming a frequent high-cost CF user (vs. not a frequent high-cost CF user) in the follow-up period. We found that severe lung impairment (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 3.71, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49–9.21), lung transplantation (HR: 4.23, 95% CI, 1.68–10.69), liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension (HR: 10.96, 95% CI: 3.85–31.20) and female sex (HR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.13–3.44) were associated with becoming a frequent high-cost CF user. Fifty-nine (17% of cohort) frequent high-cost CF users accounted for more than one-third of the overall total healthcare costs, largely due to inpatient hospitalization and outpatient medication costs.
Major and minor ECG abnormalities depending on regional living conditions in Russia
Authors: Maksimov Sergey , Muromtseva Galina , Kutsenko Vladimir , Shalnova Svetlana , Evstifeeva Svetlana , Drapkina Oksana
Published: June 2023

The goal of our study was to explore the effect of living conditions on the odd of major and minor ECG abnormalities on a large region scale in Russia. For the analysis, cross-sectional data of the Russian study, ESSE-RF 2013–2014, were used. They were collected on a sample of 16,400 subjects from 10 regions of the Russia. ECG abnormalities were grouped into two categories: Major and Minor (sensu the 2009 version of the Minnesota Code Classification System). Regional living conditions were considered comprehensively via five indices combining 33 characteristics of the regions. The estimates were presented as odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. The prevalence values of major abnormalities in the sample were 8.4% among women and 9.4% among men (p = 0.021). The prevalence of minor abnormalities constituted 34.1% and 45.9%, respectively (p < 0.001). In men, the odd of major ECG abnormalities increased with the demographic depression growth (1.08: 1.04–1.12) and with industrial development growth in the region (1.12: 1.07–1.17). In women, an increase in the odd of major ECG abnormalities was directly associated with industrial development (1.12: 1.07–1.16) and inversely related to the economic development in the region (0.94: 0.89–0.99). The odd of minor ECG abnormalities in men and women declined with the growth of the regional economic development: OR of 0.95: 0.93–0.98, and OR of 0.92: 0.87–0.99, respectively. The study demonstrated an effect of regional living conditions of the Russian population on the odd of major and minor ECG abnormalities. The most stable and logically explainable relationships were obtained for industrial and economic characteristics of living conditions.
Polyproline type II helical antifreeze proteins are widespread in Collembola and likely originated over 400 million years ago in the Ordovician Period
Authors: Scholl Connor L. , Holmstrup Martin , Graham Laurie A. , Davies Peter L.
Published: June 2023

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) bind to ice crystals to prevent organisms from freezing. A diversity of AFP folds has been found in fish and insects, including alpha helices, globular proteins, and several different beta solenoids. But the variety of AFPs in flightless arthropods, like Collembola, has not yet been adequately assessed. Here, antifreeze activity was shown to be present in 18 of the 22 species of Collembola from cold or temperate zones. Several methods were used to characterize these AFPs, including isolation by ice affinity purification, MALDI mass spectrometry, amino acid composition analysis, tandem mass spectrometry sequencing, transcriptome sequencing, and bioinformatic investigations of sequence databases. All of these AFPs had a high glycine content and were predicted to have the same polyproline type II helical bundle fold, a fold unique to Collembola. These Hexapods arose in the Ordovician Period with the two orders known to produce AFPs diverging around 400 million years ago during the Andean-Saharan Ice Age. Therefore, it is likely that the AFP arose then and persisted in many lineages through the following two ice ages and intervening warm periods, unlike the AFPs of fish which arose independently during the Cenozoic Ice Age beginning ~ 30 million years ago.
CD36 relative mean fluorescence intensity of CD105+ nucleated erythroid cells can be used to differentiate myelodysplastic syndrome from megaloblastic anemia
Authors: Lu Yan , Chen Xuya , Zhang Longyi
Published: June 2023

This study aims to evaluate the differences in CD105+ nucleated erythroid cell (NEC) immunophenotypes between myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and megaloblastic anemia (MA) using multiparameter flow cytometry and to screen potential markers. We analyzed bone marrow sample data from 37 patients with MDS, 35 with MA, 53 with iron-deficiency anemia (anemic controls), and 35 without anemia (normal controls). Compared with normal controls, the MDS and MA groups showed a decrease in the proportion of CD117+CD105+NEC and the relative mean fluorescence intensity (RMFI) of CD71 in CD105+NEC, accompanied by an increase in the coefficient of variation (CV) of CD71 and CD36. Additionally, CD36 RMFI of CD105+NEC increased in the MA group. Compared with anemia controls, the MDS and MA groups showed a significant increase in CD36 CV of CD105+NEC, and the CD36 RMFI in the MA group increased while that in the MDS group decreased. The proportions of CD117+CD105+NEC, CD36 CV, and CD36 RMFI in CD105+NEC differed significantly between MDS and MA groups. Among them, CD36 RMFI had good diagnostic performance (area under the curve: 0.844, 95% confidence interval: 0.753–0.935). CD36 RMFI of CD105+NEC may be a helpful marker in differentiating MDS and MA using multiparameter flow cytometry.
Development of bismuth sulfide nanorods and polyamidoamine dendrimer on reduced graphene oxide as electrode nanomaterials for electrochemical determination of salbutamol
Authors: Padash Mahshid , Maghsoudi Shahab , Mousavi Mehdi
Published: June 2023

Dendrimers, a new class of nanomaterials, are receiving more attention in various fields. In this study, by combining the advantages of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3), we came to design a new composite and its application for electrochemical sensors was investigated for the first time. As a new approach in the preparation of the composite, PAMAM was used for the first time to increase the surface of Bi2S3 with rGO, which ultimately led to an increase in the active surface area of the sensor (5 times compared to the bare electrode). For the first time, we used the sonochemical method for interaction between PAMAM with Bi2S3 and rGO, which was a simpler and faster method to prepare the composite. The purposeful design of the composite was done by using the experimental design method to obtain the optimum composition of components. The new nanocomposite was successfully applied for simple and sensitive electrochemical sensing of salbutamol for controlling the health of food. Salbutamol is used as a prohibited additive in animal and poultry feed. The sensor has good sensitivity (35 times increase compared to the bare electrode) and a low detection limit (1.62 nmol/L). Moreover, it has acceptable selectivity, good repeatability (1.52–3.50%), good reproducibility (1.88%), and satisfactory accuracy (recoveries: 84.6–97.8%). An outstanding feature of the sensor is its broad linear range (5.00–6.00 × 102 nmol/L). This sensor is well suited for the determination of salbutamol in milk, sausage, and livestock and poultry feed samples.
Electromagnetic deactivation spectroscopy of human coronavirus 229E
Authors: Banting Hayden , Goode Ian , Flores Carla E. Gallardo , Colpitts Che C. , Saavedra Carlos E.
Published: June 2023

An investigation of the deactivation of pathogens using electromagnetic waves in the microwave region of the spectrum is achieved using custom-built waveguide structures. The waveguides feature sub-wavelength gratings to allow the integration of an air cooling system without disturbing the internal propagating fields. The waveguides are tapered to accommodate an experimental sample internally with sufficient surrounding airflow. The proposed methodology allows for precise control over power densities due to the well-defined fundamental mode excited in each waveguide, in addition to temperature control of the sample due to microwave exposure over time. Human coronavirus (HCoV-229E) is investigated over the 0–40 GHz range, where a peak 3-log viral reduction is observed in the 15.0–19.5 GHz sub-band. We conclude HCoV-229E has an intrinsic resonance in this range, where nonthermal structure damage is optimal through the structure-resonant energy transfer effect.
Epigenomic landscape exhibits interferon signaling suppression in the patient of myocarditis after BNT162b2 vaccination
Authors: Kim Hyeonhui , Ahn Hyo-Suk , Hwang Nahee , Huh Yune , Bu Seonghyeon , Seo Kyung Jin , Kwon Se Hwan , Lee Hae-Kyung , Kim Jae-woo , Yoon Bo Kyung , Fang Sungsoon
Published: June 2023

After the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, a novel mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2) was developed at an unprecedented speed. Although most countries have achieved widespread immunity from vaccines and infections, yet people, even who have recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, are recommended to receive vaccination due to their effectiveness in lowering the risk of recurrent infection. However, the BNT162b2 vaccine has been reported to increase the risk of myocarditis. To our knowledge, for the first time in this study, we tracked changes in the chromatin dynamics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the patient who underwent myocarditis after BNT162b2 vaccination. A longitudinal study of chromatin accessibility using concurrent analysis of single-cell assays for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing showed downregulation of interferon signaling and upregulated RUNX2/3 activity in PBMCs. Considering BNT162b2 vaccination increases the level of interferon-α/γ in serum, our data highlight the immune responses different from the conventional responses to the vaccination, which is possibly the key to understanding the side effects of BNT162b2 vaccination.
The risk of colorectal cancer according to obesity status at four-year intervals: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Seo Ji Yeon , Jin Eun Hyo , Chung Goh Eun , Kim Young Sun , Bae Jung Ho , Yim Jeong Yoon , Han Kyung-Do , Yang Sun Young
Published: June 2023

Obesity is a risk factor for colorectal cancer. However, the effect of body weight change on colorectal cancer is uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between difference in body mass index and the risk of colorectal cancer. In this nationwide population-based cohort study, participants of the national cancer screening program in 2005 and 2009 were enrolled. Difference of body mass index was calculated from screening data from 2005 and 2009. Participants were divided into four groups according to direction of obesity status: non-obese/non-obese, non-obese/obese, obese/non-obese, and obese/obese. The effect of differences in body mass index on colorectal cancer was analyzed. Among 3,858,228 participants, 47,894 (1.24%) participants were newly diagnosed with colorectal cancer during the 9.2 years of follow-up. The incidence of colorectal cancer was higher in the obese/obese group than the non-obese/non-obese group (hazard ratio = 1.08 [1.06–1.11], P trend < 0.001). The men in the obese/obese group had a higher risk of colon cancer than women (hazard ratio = 1.13 [1.10–1.17] in men, and hazard ratio = 1.04 [1.01–1.18] in women, P = 0.001). Persistent obesity was associated with a higher risk of incidence of colorectal cancer.
Identification of genetic loci associated with renal dysfunction after lung transplantation using an ethnic-specific single-nucleotide polymorphism array
Authors: Tomioka Yasuaki , Sugimoto Seiichiro , Yamamoto Haruchika , Tomida Shuta , Shiotani Toshio , Tanaka Shin , Shien Kazuhiko , Suzawa Ken , Miyoshi Kentaroh , Otani Shinji , Yamamoto Hiromasa , Okazaki Mikio , Yamane Masaomi , Toyooka Shinichi
Published: June 2023

Renal dysfunction is a long-term complication associated with an increased mortality after lung transplantation (LT). We investigated the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the development of renal dysfunction after LT using a Japanese-specific SNP array. First, eligible samples of 34 LT recipients were genotyped using the SNP array and divided into two groups, according to the presence of homozygous and heterozygous combinations of mutant alleles of the 126 renal-related SNPs. To identify candidate SNPs, the renal function tests were compared between the two groups for each SNP. Next, we investigated the association between the candidate SNPs and the time course of changes of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the 99 recipients until 10 years after the LT. ΔeGFR was defined as the difference between the postoperative and preoperative eGFR values. Eight SNPs were identified as the candidate SNPs in the 34 recipients. Validation analysis of these 8 candidate SNPs in all the 99 recipients showed that three SNPs, namely, rs10277115, rs4690095, and rs792064, were associated with significant changes of the ΔeGFR. Pre-transplant identification of high-risk patients for the development of renal dysfunction after LT based on the presence of these SNPs might contribute to providing personalized medicine.
Asymmetric rotaxanes as dual-modality supramolecular imaging agents for targeting cancer biomarkers
Authors: d’Orchymont Faustine , Holland Jason P.
Published: June 2023

Dual-modality imaging agents featuring both a radioactive complex for positron emission tomography (PET) and a fluorophore for optical fluorescence imaging (OFI) are crucial tools for reinforcing clinical diagnosis and intraoperative surgeries. We report the synthesis and characterisation of bimodal mechanically interlocked rotaxane-based imaging agents, constructedviathe cucurbit[6]uril CB[6]-mediated alkyne-azide ‘click’ reaction. Two synthetic routes involving four- or six-component reactions are developed to access asymmetric rotaxanes. Furthermore, by using this rapid and versatile approach, a peptide-based rotaxane targeted toward the clinical prostate cancer biomarker, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), and bearing a68Ga-radiometal ion complex for positron emission tomography and fluorescein as an optically active imaging agent, was synthesised. The chemical and radiochemical stability, and the cellular uptake profile of the radiolabelled and fluorescent rotaxane was evaluated in vitro where the experimental data demonstrate the viability of using an asymmetric rotaxane platform to produce dual-modality imaging agents that specifically target prostate cancer cells.
Construction of a micro–nano reactor assembled by TiO2/N–C ultrathin sheets for photocatalytic H2 evolution
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhan Wenwen , Yang Lei , Zhao Jianwei , Sun Liming , Wang Xiaojun , Han Xiguang
Published: June 2023

A micro–nano reactor assembled by TiO2/N–C ultrathin nanosheets has been developed for photocatalytic H2 evolution through an alcoholysis approach.
Conformational dynamics and mechanical properties of biomimetic RNA, DNA, and RNA–DNA hybrid nanotubes: an atomistic molecular dynamics study
Authors: Torkan Ehsan , Salmani-Tehrani Mehdi
Published: June 2023

The structural and mechanical properties of RNA, DNA, and RNA–DNA hybrid nanotubes were investigated computationally in this study. The equilibrium molecular dynamics and steered molecular dynamics techniques were used for the simulations.
A manganese dioxide–silver nanostructure-based SERS nanoplatform for ultrasensitive tricyclazole detection in rice samples: effects of semiconductor morphology on charge transfer efficiency and SERS analytical performance
Authors: Nguyet Nga Dao Thi , Mai Quan Doan , Le Nhat Trang Nguyen , Pham Minh Khanh , Hoa Nguyen Quang , Lam Vu Dinh , Van Tuan Hoang , Nguyen Ha Anh , Le Anh-Tuan
Published: June 2023

The role of MnO2 in SERS enhancement of tricyclazole on MnO2/e-Ag was described in terms of charge transfer. The relationship between the morphology of MnO2 nanostructures and the SERS sensing performance of nanocomposites was clarified.
Adsorption of multiple NO molecules on Au10−and Au9Zn−planar clusters. A comparative DFT study
Authors: Fernández Eva M. , Balbás Luis C.
Published: June 2023

Sequential adsorption ofnNO molecules on Au10−and Au9Zn−triangular clusters leads to planar compounds with increasing spin multiplicity up ton= 4, and forms a (NO)2dimer on the Zn-doped cluster upon adsorption of the sixth NO molecule.
Recent advances in electrocatalytic NOx reduction into ammonia
Authors: Inta Harish Reddy , Dhanabal Dinesh , Markandaraj Sridhar Sethuram , Shanmugam Sangaraju
Published: June 2023

Electrochemical ammonia synthesis from gaseous NOx pollutant enables the replacement of conventional Haber-Bosch process.  This review summarizes the efforts toward electrocatalyst development for selective NH3 production from NOx.
Fluidic lignin with ultra-low glass transition temperature (Tg < −57 °C): a versatile polyelectrolyte solvent platform
Authors: Liu Qiaoling , Wang Yang , Wang Hairong , Su Zhenhua , Hao Xiang , Peng Feng
Published: June 2023

A series of deep eutectic supramolecular lignin polyelectrolytes with ultra-low Tg values ranging from −57 to 9 °C were generated using a eutectic/supramolecular polymerization strategy, allowing access to flowable, adaptive, and bulk supramolecular materials.
Correction: Sustainable pathway to furanics from biomass via heterogeneous organo-catalysis
Authors: Verma Sanny , Baig R. B. Nasir , Nadagouda Mallikarjuna N. , Len Christophe , Varma Rajender S.
Published: June 2023

Correction for ‘Sustainable pathway to furanics from biomass via heterogeneous organo-catalysis’ by Sanny Verma et al., Green Chem., 2017, 19, 164–168, https://doi.org/10.1039/C6GC02551J.
A mineral formula-based calibration method for major and trace element determination of mica without applying an internal element by LA-ICP-MS
Authors: Zhang Hao-Xiang , Jiang Shao-Yong , Su Hui-Min , Li Wen-Tian , Liu Si-Qi , Che Yu-Ying
Published: June 2023

Accurate determination for most major and trace elements in mica with 5% relative deviation and relative standard deviation is achieved by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) without an internal standard.
A linear free-energy relationship for the prediction of metal ion complexing properties in hybrid carbon-based scavengers
Authors: Peñas-Sanjuán Antonio , Cruz-Sánchez Rubén , García-Gallarín Celeste , Pérez-Mendoza Manuel , López-Garzón Rafael , Melguizo Manuel
Published: June 2023

Assessment of complexing properties and mechanisms involved in covalently-bonded carbon-supported hyperbranched polyethyleneimines towards metal ions of environmental and technical interest.
Assembly of fluorinated benzodiazepines via Rh(iii)-catalysed [5+2] annulation of N-benzo[d]imidazole indolines with 2,2-difluorovinyl tosylate
Authors: Liu Fu-Xiaomin , Chen Weijie , Ma Lei , Cheng Kui , Zhou Zhi , Yi Wei
Published: June 2023

Solvent-tunable Rh(iii)-catalysed C–H activation/[5+2] annulation of N-benzo[d]imidazole indolines with 2,2-difluorovinyl tosylate was realized for building monofluorinated and gem-difluorinated benzodiazepines.
A dual protection strategy for stable lithium metal anodes using Ag nanoseed decorated F-doped porous graphene current collectors
Authors: Yan Yang , Sun Jing , Zhang Ying , Liu Wen , Wang Yu-jie , Yang Hui-qin , Li Cheng-jie , Zhang Juan
Published: June 2023

A dual protection strategy is proposed by fabricating a Ag decorated F-doped graphene (Ag@FG) current collector. The decorated Ag induces the uniform deposition of Li and F doping facilitates the formation of a stable LiF-enriched SEI.
Novel self-assembling cyclic peptides with reversible supramolecular nanostructures
Authors: Ciulla Maria Gessica , Fontana Federico , Lorenzi Roberto , Marchini Amanda , Campone Luca , Sadeghi Ehsan , Paleari Alberto , Sattin Sara , Gelain Fabrizio
Published: June 2023

Supramolecular self-assembly was observed for all-l cyclic peptides, revealing the reversible transition of nanotubes/nanofibers into nanovesicles, with tunable micro and nanoarchitectures that may be potential precious tools for emerging applications.
A palladium-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling reaction involving sulfur dioxide for the direct synthesis of diversely functionalized sulfones
Authors: Xiong Baojian , Zhang Jinyu , Wang Ting , Zhang Xuemei , Cheng Gui-juan , Lian Zhong
Published: June 2023

A palladium catalyzed multi-component cross-electrophile coupling involving sulfur dioxide is presented here. This protocol features mild reaction conditions, wide substrate scope, good functional group tolerance and excellent regioselectivity.
Research on microbial community structure and treatment of dye wastewater with the enhancement of activated sludge by magnetic field at low temperature
Authors: Liu Suo , Li He , Wang Yizhuo
Published: June 2023

Magnetic field intensities of 10–40 mT could promote degradation of dye wastewater at low temperatures. A magnetic field effectively enriched bacterial communities, enabling microbe in activated sludge to easily adapt to low-temperature environments.
Current status ofN-,O-,S-heterocycles as potential alkaline phosphatase inhibitors: a medicinal chemistry overview
Authors: Jassas Rabab S. , Naeem Nafeesa , Sadiq Amina , Mehmood Rabia , Alenazi Noof A. , Al-Rooqi Munirah M. , Mughal Ehsan Ullah , Alsantali Reem I. , Ahmed Saleh A.
Published: June 2023

Heterocycles, powerful inhibitors of alkaline phosphatase (AP), are compounds that hinder an enzyme crucial for vital physiological functions including bone metabolism, cell growth, and differentiation.
Aromatic hydroxylation of substituted benzenes by an unspecific peroxygenase from Aspergillus brasiliensis
Authors: Schmitz Fabian , Koschorreck Katja , Hollmann Frank , Urlacher Vlada B.
Published: June 2023

An unspecific peroxygenase from Aspergillus brasiliensis highly expressed in Pichia pastoris catalyses aromatic hydroxylation of a number of benzylic compounds.
Multi-platform synthesis of ondansetron featuring process intensification in flow
Authors: Hato Yoshio , Jamison Timothy F.
Published: June 2023

The synthetic studies of ondansetron by a multi-platform, built-for-purpose approach were presented. The studies highlighted the complementary strengths of batch and flow approaches to API synthesis.
An interrupted Corey–Chaykovsky reaction of designed azaarenium salts: synthesis of complex polycyclic spiro- and fused cyclopropanoids
Authors: Singh Bara , Ansari Arshad J. , Malik Nirmal , Ramasastry S. S. V.
Published: June 2023

Operationally straightforward substrate-based cyclization pathways facilitated by dimethyloxosulfonium methylide on designed enone-tethered azaarenium salts provide access to unprecedented classes of cyclopropanoids.
High-performance sensing, breathable, and biodegradable integrated wearable sweat biosensors for a wireless glucose early warning system
Authors: Zhao He , Zhang Ling , Deng Tianbo , Li Chunzhong
Published: June 2023

A biosensor for glucose early-warning system application is developed using patterned Janus fabrics and non-enzymatic compositions with strong catalytic activity.
Improving the catalytic ability of a peptide-based artificial glycosidase through a tyrosine strategy
Authors: Yang Lijun , Tian Yi , Wang Yutong , Qi Wei , Wang Mengfan
Published: June 2023

Improving the catalytic ability of a peptide-based artificial glycosidase through a tyrosine strategy.