bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, characterization, and water adsorption properties of a novel multi-walled carbon nanotube/MIL-100(Fe) composite
Authors: Qadir Najam U. , Said Syed A. M. , Mansour Rached B. , Mezghani Khalid , Ul-Hamid Anwar
Published: September 2016

In situ hydrothermal synthesis of MWCNT/MIL-100(Fe) composites can combine all the attributes required of a commercial adsorbent into a single material designed for high-performance adsorption chillers.
Luminescence behaviour of Pb2+-based cage-containing and channel-containing porous coordination polymers
Authors: Xiang Jing , Shen Chang , Cheng Shun-Cheung , Yu Fei , Chu Wing-Kin , Feng Hua , Yiu Shek-Man , Ko Chi-Chiu , Leung Chi-Fai
Published: September 2016

Luminescent porous coordination polymers, cage-containing chains [Pb5(L1)6(N3)2(OH)2]n (1) and 1-D double helical chains [Pb(L2)(N3)]n (2) with 1-D channels were prepared by solvothermal reactions.
An unusual assembled Pb(ii) meso-helicate that shows the inert pair effect
Authors: Romero María J. , Carballido Rocío , Rodríguez-Silva Laura , Maneiro Marcelino , Zaragoza Guillermo , González-Noya Ana M. , Pedrido Rosa
Published: September 2016

We report on a meso-helicate exhibiting the inert pair effect for the first time, demonstrating that this effect must be considered for the controlled assembly of Pb(ii) supramolecular helicates/mesocates.
The half-sandwich 18- and 16-electron arene ruthenium iminophosphonamide complexes
Authors: Peganova Tat'yana A. , Sinopalnikova Iana S. , Peregudov Alexander S. , Fedyanin Ivan V. , Demonceau Albert , Ustynyuk Nikolai A. , Kalsin Alexander M.
Published: September 2016

Novel arene ruthenium iminophosphonamides are electron-rich complexes due to a strong σ,π-donor zwitterionic ligand.
Overcoming implementation barriers for nanotechnology in drinking water treatment
Authors: Westerhoff Paul , Alvarez Pedro , Li Qilin , Gardea-Torresdey Jorge , Zimmerman Julie
Published: September 2016

Nanotechnology enabled water treatment is a promising approach to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of purifying water in many areas of the world.
Microbial electrochemical systems outperform fixed-bed biofilters in cleaning up urban wastewater
Authors: Aguirre-Sierra A. , Bacchetti-De Gregoris T. , Berná A. , Salas J. J. , Aragón C. , Esteve-Núñez A.
Published: September 2016

Water impact: MET biofilters outperform gravel biofilters in wastewater treatment and will reduce the surface for CW, selecting certain genera of bacteria reported to be electroactive.
In situ video-STM studies of the mechanisms and dynamics of electrochemical bismuth nanostructure formation on Au
Authors: Matsushima H. , Lin S.-W. , Morin S. , Magnussen O. M.
Published: September 2016

The microscopic mechanisms of Bi electrodeposition on Au(111) and Au(100) electrodes in the overpotential regime were studied by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy with high spatial and temporal resolution. Atomic resolution images of the needle-like Bi(110) deposits formed on Au(111) reveal the central influence of covalent Bi–Bi bonds on the deposit morphology. In the straight steps along the needle edges the Bi atoms are interlinked by these bonds, whereas at the needle tip and at kinks along the needle edges dangling bonds exist, explaining the rapid structural fluctuations at these sites. For ultrathin Bi deposits on Au(100) a more open atomic arrangement was found within the surface plane, which was tentatively assigned to an epitaxially stabilised Bi(111) film. Furthermore, well-defined nanowires, consisting of zigzag chains of Bi surface atoms, were observed on this surface.
Anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil isolated from the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L.
Authors: Shen Chun-Yan , Zhang Tian-Tian , Zhang Wen-Li , Jiang Jian-Guo
Published: September 2016

The essential oil extracted from H. Sabdariffa is a good source of a natural product with a beneficial effect against inflammation, and it may be applied as a food supplement and/or functional ingredient.
Construction of the di(trimethylolpropane) cross linkage and the phenylnaphthalene structure coupled with selective β-O-4 bond cleavage for synthesizing lignin-based epoxy resins with a controlled glass transition temperature
Authors: Kaiho Atsushi , Mazzarella Daniele , Satake Masamitsu , Kogo Makiko , Sakai Ryo , Watanabe Takashi
Published: September 2016

Lignin-based epoxy resins with controlled thermodynamic properties were synthesized.
Flow-induced phase inversion of emulsions in tapered microchannels
Authors: Kumar Ankit , Li Shigeng , Cheng Chieh-Min , Lee Daeyeon
Published: September 2016

Flow-induced phase inversion of O/W emulsions into W/O emulsions in hydrophobic tapered phase inversion channels (PICs).
BiKEGG: a COBRA toolbox extension for bridging the BiGG and KEGG databases
Authors: Jamialahmadi Oveis , Motamedian Ehsan , Hashemi-Najafabadi Sameereh
Published: September 2016

BiKEGG is a COBRA toolbox extension for (1) inferring reaction correspondences between the KEGG and BiGG databases, and (2) overlaying flux distributions on customized metabolic maps.
A diversity-oriented approach to indolocarbazoles via Fischer indolization and olefin metathesis: total synthesis of tjipanazole D and I
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Saifuddin Mohammad , Aswar Vikas R.
Published: September 2016

New synthetic strategies to indolocarbazoles have been reportedviatwo-fold Fischer indolization under green conditions usingl-(+)-tartaric acid andN,N-dimethyl urea.
A metal-free one-pot synthesis of benzo[c]chromen-6-ones from 3,4-dichlorocoumarins and butadienes using tandem photo-thermal-photo reactions
Authors: Zhang Yan , Tian Yan , Xiang Pei , Huang Ning , Wang Jianyi , Xu Jian-Hua , Zhang Min
Published: September 2016

A concise one-pot synthesis of benzo[c]chromen-6-ones from dichlorocoumarins and butadienes has been achieved, using a photo-initiated formal Diels–Alder reaction, with high overall yields.
Indirect oxidation of aluminum under an AC electric field
Authors: Asoh Hidetaka , Ishino Mami , Hashimoto Hideki
Published: September 2016

Anodic porous alumina films can be formed by indirect oxidation under an alternating-current electric field without a direct electrical connection.
Structural and conformational insights into SOX2/OCT4-bound enhancer DNA: a computational perspective
Authors: Anwar Muhammad Ayaz , Yesudhas Dhanusha , Shah Masaud , Choi Sangdun
Published: September 2016

The roles of SOX2 and OCT4 are critical in stem cell maintenance either in the context of iPSCs generation or cancer stem cell growth; therefore, it is imperative to study their cooperative binding and SOX2/OCT4-induced DNA conformational switching.
Evaluating Prussian blue analogues MII3[MIII(CN)6]2 (MII = Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni; MIII = Co, Fe) as activators for peroxymonosulfate in water
Authors: Lin Kun-Yi Andrew , Chen Bo-Jau , Chen Chih-Kuang
Published: September 2016

[Fe(CN)6] and [Co(CN)6]-based Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) were prepared with various metal ions (i.e., Co, Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni) and evaluated as catalysts to activate an important oxidant, peroxymonosulfate (PMS).
A bio-imitating approach to fabricate an artificial matrix for cartilage tissue engineering using magnesium-polyphosphate and hyaluronic acid
Authors: Müller Werner E. G. , Ackermann Maximilian , Tolba Emad , Neufurth Meik , Wang Shunfeng , Schröder Heinz C. , Wang Xiaohong
Published: September 2016

Here we describe an cartilage-like material based on a hyaluronic acid-Mg/Ca-polyphosphate that is fabricated from a water-soluble Na-salt of energy-rich inorganic polyphosphate and soluble hyaluronic acid in the presence of water-insoluble CaCO3.
Fabrication of a polyvinylidene fluoride tree-like nanofiber web for ultra high performance air filtration
Authors: Li Zongjie , Kang Weimin , Zhao Huihui , Hu Min , Ju Jingge , Deng Nanping , Cheng Bowen
Published: September 2016

A novel polyvinylidene fluoride tree-like nanofiber web for high performance air filtration was successfully fabricated via one-step electrospinning.
Sensitive detection of tumor cells based on aptamer recognition and isothermal exponential amplification
Authors: Tang Wei , Zhang Ting , Li Qinggui , Wang Hui , Wang Honghong , Li Zhengping
Published: September 2016

A versatile strategy is developed for the detection of tumor cells by combining aptamer-based specific cell recognition and EXPAR-based signal amplification.
Molybdenum carbide nanowires: facile synthesis, a new hybrid phase and their use as transparent electrodes
Authors: Vengust D. , Ravnik J. , Mrzel A. , Vilfan M.
Published: September 2016

A new procedure for fabricating MoC and Mo2C nanowires was developed and a new hybrid carbon nanofibres/carbide nanowires material synthesised.
Effect of incorporation of boron nitride nanoparticles on the oxygen barrier and thermal properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate)
Authors: Öner M. , Çöl A. A. , Pochat-Bohatier C. , Bechelany M.
Published: September 2016

In this study poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and boron nitride (PHBV/BN) nanobiocomposites were prepared by using extrusion processing. BN has been shown to contribute to an enhancement of nanocomposites properties.
Thermally evaporated methylammonium tin triiodide thin films for lead-free perovskite solar cell fabrication
Authors: Yu Yue , Zhao Dewei , Grice Corey R. , Meng Weiwei , Wang Changlei , Liao Weiqiang , Cimaroli Alexander J. , Zhang Hongmei , Zhu Kai , Yan Yanfa
Published: September 2016

A hybrid thermal evaporation method was explored in the synthesis of lead-free perovskite thin films and fabrication of solar cells.
Copper-catalyzed rapid C–H nitration of 8-aminoquinolines by using sodium nitrite as the nitro source under mild conditions
Authors: Zhu Xiaolei , Qiao Li , Ye Pingping , Ying Beibei , Xu Jun , Shen Chao , Zhang Pengfei
Published: September 2016

We report the first example of copper(ii) catalyzed remote C–H nitration of 8-aminoquinoline amides by using sodium nitrite as nitration reagent under mild conditions in 1 minute which undergoes single electron process.
Oxidative dehydrogenation of thiols to disulfides at room temperature using silica supported iron oxide as an efficient solid catalyst
Authors: Paul Susmita , Islam S. M.
Published: September 2016

Selective transformation of thiols to disulfides by oxidative dehydrogenation has been described using easily prepared and recyclable silica supported iron oxide under green reaction conditions.
Tin-based nanomaterials for electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Zhao Mingming , Zhao Qunxing , Qiu Jiaqing , Xue Huaiguo , Pang Huan
Published: September 2016

A summary of the synthesis, modification, and electrochemical performance of Sn-based nanomaterials; lithium/sodium ion batteries and supercapacitors are carefully discussed.
A fluorescence molecular switch with high contrast multi-emissions and ON/OFF states
Authors: Su Xing , Yu Qi , Zhang Ting , Zhang Yu-Mo , Yu Lin , Zhang Ivan , Li Minjie , Liu Yifei , Zhang Sean Xiao-An
Published: September 2016

A fluorescence molecular switch of SPTPE is prepared, which can be reversibly switched between blue, cyan, red and dark with external stimuli.
Ab initio investigations on bulk and monolayer V2O5 as cathode materials for Li-, Na-, K- and Mg-ion batteries
Authors: Zhao Xudong , Zhang Xu , Wu Dihua , Zhang Haichang , Ding Fei , Zhou Zhen
Published: September 2016

Based on density functional theory, we investigated the performances of bulk and monolayer V2O5 as cathode materials for Li-, Na-, K- and Mg-ion batteries.
{111} faceted Li4Ti5O12octahedra as the reference electrode material in a nanostructured potentiometric CO2sensor
Authors: Joshi Shravanti , Lanka Satyanarayana , Ippolito Samuel J. , Bhargava Suresh K. , Sunkara Manorama V.
Published: September 2016

The improved performance of the potentiometric CO2sensor was attributed to the high crystallinity and tailored morphologies of the sensing and reference electrode nanomaterials.
Dehydrating bronze iron fluoride as a high capacity conversion cathode for lithium batteries
Authors: Hu Jiulin , Zhang Ye , Cao Dunping , Li Chilin
Published: September 2016

Dehydrated HTB iron fluoride is prepared by ionothermal fluorination using microphase-separation type ionic liquid, which also serves as the promoter of product crystallinity and scavenger of surface coating species. Large-sized HTB-FeF3 with few electron wires as Li-storage cathode enables a conversion capacity of 200–450 mA h g−1 for 100 cycles.
Hierarchical TiO2 spheres assisted with graphene for a high performance lithium–sulfur battery
Authors: Gao Lin , Cao Minglei , Fu Yong Qing , Zhong Zhicheng , Shen Yan , Wang Mingkui
Published: September 2016

Hierarchical TiO2 spheres assisted with graphene as a sulfur host can efficiently minimize the polysulfide diffusion into the electrolyte and provide excellent cycling stability with high coulombic efficiency.
Critical factors governing vertical phase separation in polymer–PCBM blend films for organic solar cells
Authors: Kim Min , Lee Jaewon , Jo Sae Byeok , Sin Dong Hun , Ko Hyomin , Lee Hansol , Lee Seung Goo , Cho Kilwon
Published: September 2016

This study presents an effective guide to vertical phase separation of polymer–fullerene blends based on systematic comparison of compatibility, crystallization, and processing conditions in observing the vertical morphology.
Monolayer MoS2with S vacancies from interlayer spacing expanded counterparts for highly efficient electrochemical hydrogen production
Authors: Xu Yuzi , Wang Longlu , Liu Xia , Zhang Shuqu , Liu Chengbin , Yan Dafeng , Zeng Yunxiong , Pei Yong , Liu Yutang , Luo Shenglian
Published: September 2016

Monolayer MoS2nanosheets with activated basal planes have been prepared using a simple hydrothermal method.
Flexible foams of graphene entrapped SnO2–Co3O4 nanocubes with remarkably large and fast lithium storage
Authors: Guo Jinxue , Zhu Haifeng , Sun Yanfang , Tang Lin , Zhang Xiao
Published: September 2016

Ultra-flexible free-standing paper of packed graphene sheets entrapped SnO2–Co3O4 nanocubes for synergistic lithium storage.
Hierarchical ordered macro/mesoporous titania with a highly interconnected porous structure for efficient photocatalysis
Authors: Zhao Tao , Ren Yuan , Yang Jianping , Wang Lianjun , Jiang Wan , Elzatahry Ahmed A. , Alghamdi Abdulaziz , Deng Yonghui , Zhao Dongyuan , Luo Wei
Published: September 2016

Hierarchical ordered macro/mesoporous titania with a highly interconnected porous structure was synthesized via a facile bi-template interface deposition method for efficient photocatalysis applications.
In situ catalytic formation of graphene decoration on Na3V2(PO4)3 particles for ultrafast and long-life sodium storage
Authors: Hu Qiao , Liao Jia-Ying , Zou Bang-Kun , Wang He-Yang , Chen Chun-Hua
Published: September 2016

Graphene-decorated Na3V2(PO4)3 with superior electrochemical properties is synthesized through an in situ catalytic process using VOx as a catalyst.
Quantum efficiency enhancement in multi-junction solar cells with spectrally selective and conducting 1D photonic crystals
Authors: Ramautarsingh B. D. A. , O'Brien P. G. , Flood A. G. , Kherani N. P.
Published: September 2016

Quantum efficiency enhancements are demonstrated in multi-junction photovoltaic cells with Selectively Transparent and Conducting Photonic Crystal (STCPC) intermediate Bragg reflectors.
Tailoring the upconversion of ABF3:Yb3+/Er3+through Mn2+doping
Authors: Wu M. , Jiang X. F. , Song E. H. , Su J. , Chen Z. T. , Dai W. B. , Ye S. , Zhang Q. Y.
Published: September 2016

Different tailoring effect of green and red upconversion (UC) emissions from Er3+ions has been successfully achieved in ABF3:Yb3+/Er3+/Mn2+(A = K, Cs; B = Zn, Cd) by utilizing distinct Er3+–Mn2+energy transfer processes resulted from the different Mn2+energy level position in ABF3.
Electron-doping induced half-metallicity in one-dimensional Co-dithiolene molecular wires
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Zhu Liyan , Chen Guibin
Published: September 2016

Electron doping induced half-metallicity and ferromagnetism in a one dimensional Co-dithiolene molecular wire.
Developmental windows of susceptibility to inorganic arsenic: a survey of current toxicologic and epidemiologic data
Authors: Bommarito P. A. , Fry R. C.
Published: September 2016

Epigenetic reprogramming may underlie adverse health outcomes linked toin uteroand early life iAs exposure.
The Palin Parent Rating Scales: Parents' Perspectives of Childhood Stuttering and Its Impact
Authors: Millard Sharon K. , Davis Stephen
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The goal of this study is to explore the psychometric properties of the Parent Rating Scales–V1 (S. K. Millard, S. Edwards, & F. M. Cook, 2009), an assessment tool for parents of children who stutter, and to refine the measure accordingly.

Method

We included 259 scales completed prior to therapy. An exploratory factor analysis determined the test constructs and identified the items that had greatest loadings on those factors. Items that did not load on the factors were removed, and normative scores calculated.

Results

The resulting 19-item questionnaire measures three factors: (a) the impact of stuttering on the child; (b) the severity of stuttering and its impact on the parents; and (c) the parents' knowledge about stuttering and confidence in managing it. Reliability was demonstrated, norms established, and an automated online version constructed.

Conclusions

The Palin Parent Rating Scale is a valid and reliable tool, providing a method of exploring parents' perceptions of stuttering, the impact it has on the child and themselves, and the parents' knowledge of and confidence in managing the stuttering. This is an important addition to the existing range of assessments that may be used to evaluate stuttering in children up to age 14;6 (years;months) and allows the wider targets of parent-led therapy programs to be evaluated.
Load‐insensitive active quasi‐circulator for continuous‐wave Doppler ultrasound applications
Authors: Santini T.R.S. , Ibrahim T.S. , Maciel C.D.
Published: September 2016

Circulators are often used in RF systems; however, their size, cost, and weight increase greatly at lower frequencies (<300 MHz). The development of a load‐insensitive active quasi‐circulator is presented as an alternative for the traditional circulators to be used in low‐frequency systems such as Doppler ultrasound. Major challenges to these active devices are limited power and low isolation between non‐consecutive ports. The use of current‐feedback operational amplifiers allowed higher‐power delivery to the load. Simulations using Monte Carlo method showed an isolation >19 dB for 20% of variation of the load impedance. The circuit was implemented and tested with an ultrasound probe in a water tank. The results show that the circuit was able to send and receive signals simultaneously from a single ultrasound transducer element.
Single‐stage QR AC–DC converter based on buck–boost and flyback circuits
Authors: Wang Yijie , Zhang Shu , Guan Yueshi , Liu Xiaosheng , Xu Dianguo
Published: September 2016

In this study, a single‐stage quasi‐resonant (QR) AC–DC converter based on buck–boost and flyback circuits is proposed. The forestage buck–boost circuit works in discontinuous conduction mode to achieve a high‐input power factor (PF), and the backstage flyback converter, working in QR mode, is responsible for energy transfer. The QR switch mode can improve the efficiency of the converter by decreasing the switch turn‐on losses. The single‐stage topology can reduce the cost and raise the reliability of the system. The detailed design process is described in this study, and a 50 W prototype was developed that has a maximum PF higher than 0.99 and a maximum efficiency of 90.91% in nominal working conditions.
Seven‐level cascade inverter with asymmetrical DC voltages
Authors: Wu Kuen‐Der , Jou Hurng‐Liahng , Wu Jinn‐Chang , Su Jyun‐Yi
Published: September 2016

This study proposes a novel seven‐level cascade inverter (SLCI) with asymmetrical DC voltages. The proposed SLCI consists of two full‐bridge inverters, a DC–DC converter (DDC) and a DC power source. The DC power source is parallel connected to the high‐voltage full‐bridge inverter (HVFB). The DDC is used to create a DC voltage with half of the DC power source and connect to the low‐voltage full‐bridge inverter (LVFB). The HVFB is switching at low frequency, and the LVFB is switching at high frequency. The salient points of the proposed SLCI are that only one DC power source is required and no transformer is used. Therefore, the power circuit for the proposed SLCI is simplified. A hardware prototype is established in order to verify the functions of the proposed SLCI. The tested results show that the functions of the proposed SLCI are as expected.
Design and application of a thyristor switched capacitor bank for a high harmonic distortion and fast changing single‐phase electric welding machine
Authors: Ko Wei‐Hsiang , Gu Jyh‐Cherng
Published: September 2016

A single‐phase electric machine invokes a great reactive power demand in operation, resulting in a large voltage fluctuation in the supply system. Furthermore, the frequent and rapid operating characteristics of an electric welding machine cause a serious voltage flicker problem. The operation of welding equipment also generates significant harmonic current distortion, and distorts the voltage waveform of the supply system. Hence, this study focused on designing and applying a thyristor switched capacitor (TSC) bank for voltage flicker improvement. However, the single‐phase TSC should also satisfy the reactive power demand and compensation speed, considering proper ratings of TSC to bear high harmonic distortion. This study shows the calculation results and discusses the impact of different capacities and different step numbers on TSC design. In addition, thyristor switches and a single‐phase power factor controller were designed and implemented. The experimental results are also presented.
When input-driven pushdown automata meet
reversiblity
Authors: Kutrib Martin , Malcher Andreas , Wendlandt Matthias
Published: September 2016

We investigate subfamilies of context-free languages that share two important properties.
The languages are accepted by input-driven pushdown automata as well as by a reversible
pushdown automata. So, the languages are input driven and reversible at the same time.
This intersection can be defined on the underlying language families or on the underlying
machine classes. It turns out that the latter class is properly included in the former.
The relationships between the language families obtained in this way and to reversible
context-free languages as well as to input-driven languages are studied. In general, a
hierarchical inclusion structure within the real-time deterministic context-free languages
is obtained. Finally, the closure properties of these families under the standard
operations are investigated and it turns out that all language families introduced are
anti-AFLs.
Orbital Compartment Syndrome despite Significant Traumatic Expansion of the Orbital Cavity
Authors: Gupta Deepak , Beigi Bijan
Published: September 2016

Periorbital injury can present with various permutations of bone trauma, soft-tissue edema, and hematomas that might involve proptosis and restricted motility. We report a case of a 32-year-old patient who sustained a traumatic orbital compartment syndrome simultaneously with a large, significantly displaced, orbital-floor blow-out fracture. Clinical signs consistent with both conditions were elicited. The initial management was as for orbital compartment syndrome. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed with computed tomographic imaging. This is an unusual and unexpected presentation. It would be expected that a hemorrhage would self-decompress in the presence of a large fracture. Physicians should be aware that such a combination of pathology might arise. Physicians likely to encounter periocular trauma should be prepared for its management: urgent lateral canthotomy and cantholysis. Differential diagnoses of periocular trauma are compared and contrasted.
Wie bewerten und akzeptieren Patienten die Betreuung durch Medizinische Fachangestellte in der Hausarztpraxis? Ergebnisse einer Patienten-Befragung in der HzV in Baden-Württemberg
Authors: Mergenthal K. , Güthlin C. , Beyer M. , Gerlach F. , Siebenhofer A.
Published: September 2016

Hintergrund: Modelle zur Delegation hausärztlicher Tätigkeiten an nichtärztliches Personal wurden in den letzten Jahren erprobt, im hausärztlichen Setting implementiert und fanden zum Teil Einzug in den Leistungskatalog der gesetzlichen Krankenkassen.

Ziel: Wie wurde das veränderte Tätigkeitsspektrum von den Patienten wahrgenommen und akzeptiert?

Methode: Zwischen Oktober 2014 und Januar 2015 fand eine schriftlichen Befragung unter chronisch erkrankten HzV-Versicherten (≥ 65 Jahren) zur Betreuung durch Medizinische Fachangestellte (MFA) (mit oder ohne Zusatzqualifikation zur „Versorgungsassistentin in der Hausarztpraxis“ (VERAH) statt. Mittels eines selbst entwickelten Befragungsinstruments (auf Basis einer früheren Datenerhebung) wurden Aspekte der Versorgungsunterstützung und Betreuung durch MFA erhoben.

Ergebnisse: 77 Praxen nahmen teil und befragten insgesamt 1 266 Patienten. Die befragten Patienten gaben an, dass die MFA in vielen Aspekten der Betreuung eine Rolle spielen. Dabei gaben mehr als die Hälfte der Patienten an, dass MFA einen Teil der Hausbesuche oder Praxiskontakte übernehmen kann. Organisatorische Leistungen, Betreuungs- und Unterstützungsleistungen durch MFA bewerteten die Teilnehmer allgemein als fast ausnahmslos sehr gut. Bei konkreten Beratungsleistungen waren die Ergebnisse heterogener. Während Beratungen zu Impfschutz, zur Inanspruchnahme von Vorsorgeleistungen, Arztkontrollen und Einnahmetreue von Tabletten offenbar bei Patienten „ankamen“, war dies bei konkreten Beratungen zum Lebensstil offenbar weitaus seltener der Fall. Viele Patienten sahen in den MFA eine zusätzliche kompetente Vertrauensperson und konnten sich vorstellen, dass MFA weitere delegierbare Leistungen übernehmen.

Schlussfolgerung: Viele an MFA delegierte Aspekte der Versorgung scheinen bei den Patienten – zumindest in der HzV – angekommen und akzeptiert zu sein. Potenzial für weitere delegierbare Leistungen könnten in der Übernahme von Hausbesuchen und beim Case Management im Sinne einer strukturierten Einzelfallbetreuung für Patienten mit besonderem Betreuungsbedarf bestehen. Dies müsste in weiteren Studien ausführlicher (u. a. auch qualitativ) untersucht werden.
Polypharmazie in der nachstationären Versorgung: Eine Analyse mit Daten der AOK Sachsen-Anhalt
Authors: Tetzlaff F. , Singer A. , Swart E. , Robra B.-P. , Herrmann M.
Published: September 2016

Hintergrund und Ziel der Studie: In Folge eines zunehmend alternden und multimorbiden Patientenklientels erhöht sich das Risiko einer Polypharmakotherapie. Ziel der Studie ist, Prävalenz und Determinanten der Polypharmazie im Übergang von der stationären zur ambulanten Versorgung zu analysieren. Dabei wird insbesondere der Zusammenhang zwischen Multimorbidität und der Zahl der an der Behandlung beteiligten Ärzte auf das Risiko einer Polypharmakotherapie und die Verordnung potenziell inadäquater Medikationen (PIM) untersucht.

Methodik: Die Basis der Analysen bilden stationäre und ambulante Versorgungsdaten der AOK Sachsen-Anhalt des dritten Quartals 2009. Einbezogen werden Personen ab dem 60ten Lebensjahr, die innerhalb dieses Zeitraumes aus der stationären Behandlung entlassen wurden und mindestens ein Rezept in der Apotheke einlösten (N=21 041). Nach der Prävalenzanalyse der Polypharmazie, in einem Zeitraum von bis zu 30 Tagen nach Entlassung, wird eine multivariate binär logistische Regression zur Ermittlung von Determinanten der Polypharmazie und der Verordnung von PIM durchgeführt. Zusätzlich wird die Interaktion zwischen der Anzahl der Erkrankungen und der Anzahl der an der Behandlung beteiligten Ärzte betrachtet.

Ergebnisse: Das Polypharmazierisiko ist signifikant mit der Anzahl der Erkrankungen assoziiert. Darüber hinaus besitzt die Anzahl der behandelnden Ärzte einen von der Anzahl der Erkrankungen unabhängigen Effekt auf das Risiko einer Polypharmazie. Zudem zeigt sich für Frauen, dass das Polypharmazierisiko gerade bei hoher Morbiditätslast mit steigender Anzahl der Behandler überproportional zunimmt. Eine vorliegende Polypharmakotherapie und die Anzahl der beteiligten Ärzte stellen sich zudem als Determinanten des Risikos einer PIM heraus.

Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, dass Polypharmazie nicht allein aus einer hohen Morbiditätslast resultiert. Vielmehr signalisiert der deutliche Effekt der Behandler ein ungelöstes Kommunikations- und Koordinationsproblem in der nachstationären Medikamententherapie und zeigt die Notwendigkeit eines zentralen Medikamentenmonitorings.
A novel, cost-effective, multi-point Thomson scattering system on the Pegasus Toroidal Experiment (invited)
Authors: Schlossberg D. J. , Bodner G. M. , Bongard M. W. , Fonck R. J. , Reusch J. A. , Rodriguez Sanchez C.
Published: September 2016

A novel, cost-effective, multi-point Thomson scattering system has been designed, implemented, and operated on the Pegasus Toroidal Experiment. Leveraging advances in Nd:YAG lasers, high-efficiency volume phase holographic transmission gratings, and increased quantum-efficiency Generation 3 image-intensified charge coupled device (ICCD) cameras, the system provides Thomson spectra at eight spatial locations for a single grating/camera pair. The on-board digitization of the ICCD camera enables easy modular expansion, evidenced by recent extension from 4 to 12 plasma/background spatial location pairs. Stray light is rejected using time-of-flight methods suited to gated ICCDs, and background light is blocked during detector readout by a fast shutter. This ∼103 reduction in background light enables further expansion to up to 24 spatial locations. The implementation now provides single-shot Te(R) for ne > 5 × 1018 m−3.
Model to explain the behavior of 2DEG mobility with respect to charge density in N-polar and Ga-polar AlGaN-GaN heterostructures
Authors: Ahmadi Elaheh , Keller Stacia , Mishra Umesh K.
Published: September 2016

There are three possible ways of reducing the charge density (ns) in the N-polar high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) structures, by decreasing the channel thickness, applying reverse gate bias, or modifying the back-barrier. Understanding the behavior of 2DEG mobility as a function of ns is essential to design high performance HEMT devices. Experimental data show that in the N-polar HEMT structures, the 2DEG mobility reduces as the ns decreases by applying reverse gate bias or decreasing channel thickness, whereas in the Ga-polar HEMT structures, the 2DEG mobility increases as the ns in the channel decreases by applying reverse gate bias. In this paper, the 2DEG mobility as a function of ns is calculated in N-polar HEMTs for three different aforementioned cases, and is compared to that in the Ga-polar HEMT structures. It is shown that the conventional scattering mechanisms cannot explain these different behaviors. Two new scattering mechanisms, such as scattering from charged interface states and surface state dipoles (SSD), are introduced. It is revealed that in N-polar HEMT structures, reducing ns by applying reverse gate bias or decreasing channel thickness moves the charge centroid closer to the AlGaN-GaN interface. A combination of lower charge density (less screening of the scattering potential) and smaller distance between charge centroid and charged states at the interface leads to a severe mobility degradation in these cases. In contrast, reducing ns by modifying the back-barrier (decreasing back-barrier doping and/or decreasing AlGaN composition) in N-polar HEMT structures moves the charge centroid away from the interface. This behavior is similar to that in the Ga-polar HEMT structures. Therefore, in the last two mentioned cases, the 2DEG mobility first increases slightly as the ns decreases, and decreases slightly at very low charge densities. It is also shown that SSDs have large impact on the 2DEG mobility only in the N-polar (Ga-polar) HEMTs with thin channels (barriers).
Combinatorial bases of basic modules for affine Lie algebras Cn(1)
Authors: Primc Mirko , Šikić Tomislav
Published: September 2016

Lepowsky and Wilson initiated the approach to combinatorial Rogers-Ramanujan type identities via vertex operator constructions of standard (i.e., integrable highest weight) representations of affine Kac-Moody Lie algebras. Meurman and Primc developed further this approach for sl(2,C) ˜ by using vertex operator algebras and Verma modules. In this paper, we use the same method to construct combinatorial bases of basic modules for affine Lie algebras of type Cn(1) and, as a consequence, we obtain a series of Rogers-Ramanujan type identities. A major new insight is a combinatorial parametrization of leading terms of defining relations for level one standard modules for affine Lie algebra of type Cn(1).
On the deformation mechanisms and electrical behavior of highly stretchable metallic interconnects on elastomer substrates
Authors: Arafat Yeasir , Dutta Indranath , Panat Rahul
Published: September 2016

Flexible metallic interconnects are highly important in the emerging field of deformable/wearable electronics. In our previous work [Arafat et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 107, 081906 (2015)], interconnect films of Indium metal, periodically bonded to an elastomer substrate using a thin discontinuous/cracked adhesion interlayer of Cr, were shown to sustain a linear strain of 80%–100% without failure during repeated cycling. In this paper, we investigate the mechanisms that allow such films to be stretched to a large strain without rupture along with strategies to prevent a deterioration in their electrical performance under high linear strain. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Digital Image Correlation are used to map the strain field of the Cr adhesion interlayer and the In interconnect film when the elastomer substrate is stretched. It is shown that the Cr interlayer morphology, consisting of islands separated by bi-axial cracks, accommodates the strain primarily by widening of the cracks between the islands along the tensile direction. This behavior is shown to cause the strain in the In interconnect film to be discontinuous and concentrated in bands perpendicular to the loading direction. This localization of strain at numerous periodically spaced locations preempts strain-localization at one location and makes the In film highly stretchable by delaying rupture. Finally, the elastic-plastic mismatch-driven wrinkling of the In interconnect upon release from first loading cycle is utilized to delay the onset of plasticity and allow the interconnect to be stretched repeatedly up to 25% linear strain in subsequent cycles without a deterioration of its electrical performance.
In depth study of molybdenum silicon compound formation at buried interfaces
Authors: Zoethout Erwin , Louis Eric , Bijkerk Fred
Published: September 2016

Angle resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) has been employed to determine non-destructively the in-depth interface formation during thin film growth. Buried interfaces underneath the nanometer thick layers are probed by identifying the chemical shift of compound materials in photoelectron spectroscopy and using the angular response to quantify the compound amounts from the measured intensities. The thin interfaces in molybdenum-silicon multilayers grown at ambient temperature are investigated. This system is an example of an almost perfect 1D-system, where the interface region is only a small part of the individual layer thicknesses of 3 to 5 nm. Despite the low growth temperature, both the interfaces of this multilayer show layer thickness dependent interface formation. While the silicon-on-molybdenum interface shows a limited interface thickness of 0.4 nm of Mo5Si3, the molybdenum-on-silicon interface shows a more complex evolution. For this interface, the composition of the first 2.0 nm of deposited layer thickness is best described as a molybdenum-silicon compound layer with a molybdenum rich top and a MoSi2 bottom layer. After 2.5 nm of the deposited layer thickness, the molybdenum rich compound at the top has transformed into polycrystalline molybdenum on top of 1.8 nm MoSi2 at the interface. The formation of the 1.8 nm MoSi2 precedes the formation of polycrystalline molybdenum on top. Angle resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) is shown to be a good tool to study the interface phenomena beneath the nanometer thick top layers. In the case of Mo/Si multilayer mirrors, this ARXPS study shows that the compound formation at the interface accounts for the majority of the extreme ultraviolet reflectance loss.
Quasimonoenergic collimated electrons from the ionization of low density gases by a chirped intense Gaussian laser pulse
Authors: Singh Kunwar Pal , Malik Anil K. , Arya Rashmi
Published: September 2016

The spectrum of energy and angle of emittance of the electrons generated during ionization of neon ions Ne8+, krypton ions Kr32+, and argon ions Ar16+ by a laser pulse have been obtained for different values of laser frequency chirp and normalized laser pulse duration. The energy of the electron beam shifts to higher energy with the introduction of frequency chirp. The energy peak shifts towards lower energy with an increase in frequency chirp, and the electron beam becomes more quasi-monoenergetic. The energy peak shifts to higher energy with decreasing laser pulse duration due to increase in asymmetry of the pulse, however, the quasi-monoenergetic property of the electron beam decreases. We can obtain MeV, MeV/GeV, and GeV electron beams using neon, krypton, and argon gases as target. The scattering of the electrons decreases with decreasing laser pulse duration and increasing laser intensity. The energy peak is sharper and at higher energy for the ions located after laser focus than that for the ions located before laser focus for a tightly focused laser pulse.
Intersection of Paschen's curves for argon
Authors: Fu Yangyang , Yang Shuo , Zou Xiaobing , Luo Haiyun , Wang Xinxin
Published: September 2016

The intersection of Paschen's curves for argon with a same gap length but a different electrode radius was observed. While the breakdown voltage increases with the increase of the nonuniformity in the electric field of the gap at lower pressures, it decreases at higher pressures. The reason for the intersection of Paschen's curves was given based on the mean free path length of the electrons inversely proportional to the gas pressure and the electron impact ionization coefficient exponentially increasing with the electric field. The intersection of the Paschen's curves was qualitatively reproduced by a numerical simulation.
Spin-orbit torques in ferrimagnetic GdFeCo alloys
Authors: Roschewsky Niklas , Matsumura Tomoya , Cheema Suraj , Hellman Frances , Kato Takeshi , Iwata Satoshi , Salahuddin Sayeef
Published: September 2016

The spin-orbit torque switching of ferrimagnetic Gdx(Fe90Co10)100−x films was studied for both transition metal (TM)-rich and rare earth (RE)-rich configurations. The spin-orbit torque driven magnetization switching follows the same sense in TM-rich and RE-rich samples with respect to the total magnetization, but the sense of the switching is reversed with respect to the TM magnetization. This indicates that the sign of the spin-orbit-torque-driven magnetic switching follows the total magnetization, although transport based techniques such as anomalous Hall effect are only sensitive to the transition metal magnetization. These results provide important insight into the physics of spin angular momentum transfer in materials with antiferromagnetically coupled sublattices.
Observation of spin-wave Doppler shift in Co90Fe10/Ru micro-strips for evaluating spin polarization
Authors: Sugimoto Satoshi , Rosamond Mark C. , Linfield Edmund H. , Marrows Christopher H.
Published: September 2016

The current-induced spin-wave Doppler shift has been investigated for Co90Fe10 films, with and without under- and overlayers of Ru, aiming to obtain quantitative insights into the value of spin polarization of the diffusive electrical currents flowing in this material. This extends the use of spin-wave Doppler shift spectroscopy beyond the study of permalloy to other soft magnetic materials suitable for use in spintronic applications such as racetrack memories. The Damon-Eshbach spin-wave mode was employed, and a control experiment of permalloy yielded a value of spin polarization of P = 0.44 ± 0.03 for that material. An extended method to properly evaluate spin-wave Doppler shifts is developed that takes account of the non-negligible Oersted fields that are generated by the current density asymmetry caused by conducting under- or overlayers. The values of spin polarization for various Co90Fe10-based structures are found to lie in the range of 0.3–0.35, only slightly less than in permalloy.
Resonant meta-atoms with nonlinearities on demand
Authors: Filonov Dmitry , Kramer Yotam , Kozlov Vitali , Malomed Boris A. , Ginzburg Pavel
Published: September 2016

Nonlinear light-matter interactions and their applications are constrained by properties of available materials. The use of metamaterials opens the way to achieve precise control over electromagnetic properties at a microscopic level, providing tools for experimental studies of complex nonlinear phenomena in photonics. Here, a doubly resonant nonlinear meta-atom is proposed, analyzed, and characterized in the GHz spectral range. The underlying structure is composed of a pair of split rings, resonant at both fundamental and nonlinear frequencies. The rings share a varactor diode, which serves as a microscopic source of nonlinearity. Flexible control over the coupling and near- and far-field patterns are reported, favoring the doubly resonant structure over other realizations. Relative efficiencies of the second and third harmonics, generated by the diode, are tailored by dint of the double-ring geometry, providing a guideline for selecting one frequency against another, using the design of the auxiliary structures. The on-demand control over the microscopic nonlinear properties enables developing a toolbox for experimental emulation of complex nonlinear phenomena.
Investigating membrane nanoporation induced by bipolar pulsed electric fields via second harmonic generation
Authors: Moen E. K. , Ibey B. L. , Beier H. T. , Armani A. M.
Published: September 2016

Electric pulses have become an effective tool for transporting cargo (DNA, drugs, etc.) across cell membranes. This enhanced transport is believed to occur through temporary pores formed in the plasma membrane. Traditionally, millisecond duration, monopolar (MP) pulses are used for electroporation, but bipolar (BP) pulses have proven equally effective as MP pulses with the added advantage of less cytotoxicity. With the goal of further reducing cytotoxic effects and inducing non-thermal, intra-cellular effects, researchers began investigating reduced pulse durations, pushing into the nanosecond regime. Cells exposed to these MP, nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) have shown increased repairable membrane permeability and selective channel activation. However, attempts to improve this further by moving to the BP pulse regime has proven unsuccessful. In the present work, we use second harmonic generation imaging to explore the structural effects of bipolar nsPEFs on the plasma membrane. By varying the temporal spacing between the pulse phases over several orders of magnitude and comparing the response to a single MP case, we systematically examine the disparity in cellular response. Our circuit-based model predicts that, as the temporal spacing increases several orders of magnitude, nanoporation increases and eventually exceeds the MP case. On the whole, our experimental data agree with this assertion; however, a detailed analysis of the data sets demonstrates that biological processes may play a larger role in the observed response than previously thought, dominating the effect for temporal spacing up to 5 μs. These findings could ultimately lead to understanding the biophysical mechanism underlying all electroporation.
Electron transport in physically-defined double quantum dots on a highly doped silicon-on-insulator substrate
Authors: Yamaoka Y. , Oda S. , Kodera T.
Published: September 2016

We study electron transport in physically-defined silicon quantum dots (QDs) on a highly doped silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. We show that the QDs can be obtained as designed without unintentional localized states caused by fluctuating dopant potentials even when a highly doped SOI substrate is used. We observe the single electron tunneling phenomena both in the single QDs (SQDs) and in the double QDs (DQDs). The charging energy in the SQDs is ∼18 meV as estimated from the Coulomb diamond. This enables us to further estimate that the diameter of the SQDs is ∼35 nm, which is consistent with the designed fabrication specifications if the voltage condition is taken into account. A change of the charged state in the DQDs is detected using the SQD as a charge sensor. A periodic honeycomb-like charge stability diagram is obtained, which indicates that we achieved the fabrication of DQDs without unintentional localized states.
Spin rectification induced by spin Hall magnetoresistance at room temperature
Authors: Wang P. , Jiang S. W. , Luan Z. Z. , Zhou L. F. , Ding H. F. , Zhou Y. , Tao X. D. , Wu D.
Published: September 2016

We have experimentally and theoretically investigated the dc voltage generation in the heterostructure of Pt and yttrium iron garnet under the ferromagnetic resonance. Besides a symmetric Lorenz line shape dc voltage, an antisymmetric Lorenz line shape dc voltage is observed in field scan, which can solely originate from the spin rectification effect due to the spin Hall magnetoresistance. The angular dependence of the dc voltage is theoretically analyzed by taking into account both the spin pumping and the spin rectification effects. We find that the experimental results are in excellent agreement with the theoretical model, further identifying the spin Hall magnetoresistance origin of the spin rectification effect. Moreover, the spin pumping and the spin rectification effects are quantitatively separated by their different angular dependence at particular experimental geometry.
Magnetization switching in the BiFe0.9Mn0.1O3 thin films modulated by resistive switching process
Authors: Chen Guangyi , Bi Guifeng , Song Lin , Weng Yakui , Pan Danfeng , Li Yongchao , Dong Shuai , Tang Tao , Liu Jun-ming , Wan Jian-guo
Published: September 2016

Polycrystalline BiFe0.9Mn0.1O3 thin films have been prepared on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si wafers by a sol-gel process. The film exhibits typical resistive switching (RS) effect. Moreover, accompanied with the RS process, remarkable magnetization switching (MS) behaviors happen, i.e., at low resistance state the film shows high saturation magnetization, while showing low saturation magnetization at high resistance state. We revealed that such a MS effect mainly originates from the conversion of Fe ion valence state between Fe2+ and Fe3+ during the RS process, which was confirmed by the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. The further first-principle calculations showed that the doping of Mn into the BiFeO3 could induce an impurity energy level which makes it facile to achieve the conversion of Fe ion valence state. Based on the conductive filament model, a possible mechanism of tuning the MS effect by RS process is proposed, which is closely related to the conversion of Fe ion valence state along with the forming and rupture of conduction filaments. This work provides us a promising avenue to design switchable multistate devices with both electric and magnetic functionalities.