bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Nutrition, Lifestyle, and Neurodegenerative Disease: Lessons from ADH1B, CYP1A2 and MTHFR
Authors: Barati Shila , Fabrizio Carlo , Strafella Claudia , Cascella Raffaella , Caputo Valerio , Megalizzi Domenica , Peconi Cristina , Mela Julia , Colantoni Luca , Caltagirone Carlo , Termine Andrea , Giardina Emiliano
Published: August 2022

In the present review, the main features involved in the susceptibility and progression of neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) have been discussed, with the purpose of highlighting their potential application for promoting the management and treatment of patients with NDDs. In particular, the impact of genetic and epigenetic factors, nutrients, and lifestyle will be presented, with particular emphasis on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Metabolism, dietary habits, physical exercise and microbiota are part of a complex network that is crucial for brain function and preservation. This complex equilibrium can be disrupted by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors causing perturbations in central nervous system homeostasis, contributing thereby to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Diet and physical activity can directly act on epigenetic modifications, which, in turn, alter the expression of specific genes involved in NDDs onset and progression. On this subject, the introduction of nutrigenomics shed light on the main molecular players involved in the modulation of health and disease status. In particular, the review presents data concerning the impact of ADH1B, CYP1A2, and MTHFR on the susceptibility and progression of NDDs (especially AD and PD) and how they may be exploited for developing precision medicine strategies for the disease treatment and management.
A Review of the Geometric Proportions of Shaping a Courtyard of Traditional Architecture in Relation to Human Scale, Tripoli, Libya
Authors: Eltrapolsi Ali , Mahmoud Khamis , Altan Hasim
Published: August 2022

Since ancient times, courtyards have played a vital role in architecture, particularly in domestic architecture. Over time, the existence of vernacular architecture has made beauty and harmony; these have always been important components of traditional Libyan architecture. Studying traditional vernacular architecture is key to maintaining vernacular architecture knowledge; this is because these principles, such as modular design, geometry, and proportions, are detectable characteristics of the tradition. Architecturally, proportion is an aspiration of the implementation of design grammar that encloses shapes of structure. A good impression upon the beholders builds in relation to different elements of space, such as a scale of geometric shapes, patterns, organisation, and the hierarchy of space relationships, to achieve aesthetic dimensions, in part and as a whole. In this article, the study searches for a modular, or proportion, that rules the geometric design of traditional houses in Libya. This is conducted through examining the geometry of typical traditional houses and the golden section method to find if a certain proportional relationship existed. From this perspective, the vision relied on studying the form suitability; in addition, it involved an analysis of the elevation as well as the interior courtyard proportion in relation to the building area. The outcome of this research is to find the aesthetic values that could generate a good design of domestic architecture; and to prove whether they are a perfect match with the proportion system and modular design used in traditional houses. The study employs the quantitative method, which includes archival documents, direct observation, and on-site documentation. The study involved an in-depth examination of the proportioning and geometrical principles used in traditional houses and courtyards. Their respective roles in creating harmony and beauty are discussed in this paper.
Physical Activity and Public Health among People with Disabilities: Research Gaps and Recommendations
Authors: Heath Gregory W. , Levine David
Published: August 2022

Physical activity has become an integral component of public health systems modeling the public health core functions of assessment, policy development, and assurance. However, people with disabilities have often not been included in public health efforts to assess, develop policies, or evaluate the impact of physical activity interventions to promote health and prevent disease among people with disabilities. Addressing the core function of assessment, current physical activity epidemiology, and surveillance among people with disabilities across the globe highlights the paucity of surveillance systems that include physical activity estimates among people with disabilities. The status of valid and reliable physical activity measures among people with condition-specific disabilities is explored, including self-report measures along with wearable devices, and deficiencies in measurement of physical activity. The core functions of policy development and assurance are described in the context of community-based intervention strategies to promote physical activity among people with disabilities. The identification of research gaps in health behavior change, policy, and environmental approaches to promoting physical activity among people with disabilities is explored, along with recommendations based on the principles of inclusive and engaged research partnerships between investigators and the members of the disability community.
Assessing the Impacts of Individual and Organizational Factors on South Korea Hotels’ Green Performance Using the AMO Model
Authors: Kim Taeuk
Published: August 2022

The goal of this study is to investigate the influence relationship between AMO applied green HRM and employees’ green OCB. This study also attempted to verify the relationship between employees’ green OCB and green performance management. Specifically, we tried to define the effects of green awareness and green psychological climate on green HRM and green OCB. Moreover, we examined the mediating effect of green CSR perception on the relationship between green OCB and green performance management. To do so, we surveyed Rooms and F&B employees from nine global chain hotels in South Korea that actively contribute to a green package. An “actively contributing hotel” is one that has leadership in energy and environmental design certification. Further, employees of such hotels consider them proenvironmental hotels. For data analysis, we carried out SEM and factor analysis using SPSS 18.0 and Amos 20.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). All hypotheses were adopted as having significantly positive (+) effects. Hypotheses 4, 7, and 11 predicted partial mediating effects. The findings of the study have significant theoretical and practical ramifications for corporate environmental strategic performance management. Specifically, this study identified the relationship between the mediation variables on green OCB and green PM, as demonstrated in previous studies. Additionally, these results provide an effective employee management strategy for the green HRM of green hotels by providing concrete data. First, green hotels need to raise employees’ green awareness and green psychological climate to increase their green OCB. Second, employees themselves ultimately have to enhance the green CSR perception to raise green PM.
The Effect of the Referral System on the Accessibility of Healthcare Services: A Case Study of the Wuhan Metropolitan Development Zone
Authors: Chen Ying , Wu Jiale
Published: August 2022

The geographical accessibility of public healthcare institutions is the key factor affecting the equity of healthcare services. Based on the hierarchical medical system and referral system in China, we analyzed the referral accessibility of hospitals in the Wuhan Metropolitan Development Zone. Before the implementation of the referral system, only 7.91% of the total communities met the accessibility standard for secondary and tertiary hospitals, which meant that there was significant inequality in high-level healthcare. Moreover, 5.4% of the total communities did not meet the accessibility standard for primary hospitals, which meant that there were insufficient primary hospitals. After the implementation of the referral system, the proportions of communities meeting the accessibility standards for the first-stage referral, second-stage referral and cross-level referral were 92.6%, 99.9% and 98.3%, respectively. The results show that the referral system has improved the accessibility of healthcare, but it has not completely solved healthcare inequality. The first-stage referral accessibility of healthcare services in the northern, western and eastern groups does not meet the accessibility standard, which is due to the inefficient layout of secondary hospitals. The Wuhan government should construct secondary hospitals in these groups and primary hospitals in the central urban area and the southeastern, southern, western and eastern groups.
Reducing the Effectiveness of Ward Particulate Matter, Bacteria and Influenza Virus by Combining Two Complementary Air Purifiers
Authors: Zhou Bingliang , Liu Tiantian , Yi Siqi , Huang Yuanyuan , Guo Yubing , Huang Si , Zhou Chengxing , Zhou Rong , Cao Hong
Published: August 2022

Air purifiers should pay much attention to hospital-associated infections, but the role of a single air purifier is limited. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the combined application of the nonequilibrium positive and negative oxygen ion purifier (PNOI) and the high-efficiency particulate air filter (HEPA) on a complex, polluted environment. Two of the better performing purifiers were selected before the study. The efficacy of their use alone and in combination for purification of cigarette particulate matter (PM), Staphylococcus albicans, and influenza virus were then evaluated under a simulated contaminated ward. PNAI and HEPA alone are deficient. However, when they were combined, they achieved 98.44%, 99.75%, and 100% 30 min purification rates for cigarette PM, S. albus, and influenza virus, respectively. The purification of pollution of various particle sizes and positions was optimized and reduced differentials, and a subset of airborne influenza viruses is inactivated. Furthermore, they were superior to ultraviolet disinfection for microbial purification in air. This work demonstrates the strong purification capability of the combined application of these two air purifiers for complex air pollution, which provides a new idea for infection control in medical institutions.
Obesity, Burden of Ischemic Heart Diseases and Their Ecological Association: The Case of Uzbekistan
Authors: Usmanov Murodkhon Marufkhonovich , Chimed-Ochir Odgerel , Batkhorol Bilegt , Yumiya Yui , Hujamberdieva Lola Mamazairovna , Kubo Tatsuhiko
Published: August 2022

Ischemic heart diseases are the leading cause of death in Uzbekistan. There are numerous risk factors affecting ischemic heart disease, and obesity is one of the major independent risk factors. This study is the first attempt to estimate the ecological association between obesity prevalence and the burden of ischemic heart disease between 1990 and 2019 in Uzbekistan. To define the prevalence of all obesity types, death, and incidences of ischemic heart disease for certain periods, the Joinpoint regression tool was used. A separate linear regression analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between obesity and ischemic heart disease mortality and morbidity. A positive linear relation was found between the prevalence of obesity types and incidence/death rates for both sexes (r = 0.59–0.87). All types of obesity were highly significant positive predictors of incidence of and death from ischemic heart disease (p < 0.0001). The slope (B1) suggested that for an increment in obesity prevalence of 1% among adults aged over 20, the incidence of ischemic heart disease increased by 40.2 (p < 0.0001) and 38.3 (p < 0.0001) per 100,000 persons for men and women, respectively. The current country-level conclusions are valuable, because it allows decision makers to draw specific conclusions, applicable at the state and local level for policymaking.
Proprietary Model of Qualification for In-Hospital Rehabilitation after COVID-19
Authors: Szczegielniak Jan , Szczegielniak Anna , Łuniewski Jacek , Bogacz Katarzyna
Published: August 2022

Background: Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Poland, 6,128,006 people have been diagnosed, of which 116,798 died. Patients who recovered from COVID-19 and require rehabilitation due to varied impairments should be provided an opportunity to participate in an individualized, complex rehabilitation program starting from acute care and being continued in the post-acute and long-term rehabilitation phase. It is recommended to offer out-patient and in-hospital rehabilitation procedures depending on the type and persistence of symptoms and dysfunctions. The aim of this paper is to present the qualification process of post-COVID19 patients for an in-hospital complex rehabilitation program developed on the basis of pulmonary physical therapy. Methods: The presented qualification program was developed on the basis of clinical experience of over 2000 patients participating in the pilot program of in-hospital rehabilitation launched in September 2020 and based on the Regulation of the Polish Minister of Health of 13 July 2020. Results: The proposed model of patients’ qualification rests on well-known and validated tools for functional assessment: exercise tolerance assessment, dyspnea intensity assessment, functional fitness assessment, assessment of arterial blood saturation, lung ventilation function assessment, assessment of long-lasting COVID-19 symptoms, and patient’s basic mental health condition. Conclusions: The proposed qualification model for the post-COVID rehabilitation program allows us to introduce adequate qualifications followed by much needed assessment of the health effects.
Mechanism of Enterprise Green Innovation Behavior Considering Coevolution Theory
Authors: Li Xingwei , Dai Jiachi , He Jinrong , Li Jingru , Huang Yicheng , Liu Xiang , Shen Qiong
Published: August 2022

Enterprise green innovation behavior is necessary for the transformation of enterprises and the enhancement of green development. However, the inconsistency of existing studies on the behavioral mechanism has not been effectively addressed. The purpose of this paper is to reveal a mechanism for enterprise green innovation behavior, taking the coevolutionary theory. Based on the coevolution theory model, this study screened 16 high-quality studies covering 11 countries and regions with 5471 independent samples from six major databases (Web of Science Core Collection (SCIE & SSCI), Science Direct, Springer Link, Wiley, Taylor & Francis, and Sage journals). The included literature was coded and tested. Meta-analysis was used to clarify the direction and intensity of the behavioral antecedent and outcome variables to explore the mechanism of enterprise green innovation behavior. Furthermore, this study also explores the moderating effect of regional heterogeneity on behavior. The results are as follows: (1) The economic, political, social, and technological environments significantly and positively influence enterprise green innovation behavior. (2) Enterprises’ green innovation behavior significantly and positively influences environmental performance. (3) Regional heterogeneity can moderate the effects of enterprise green innovation behavior and antecedent and consequence variables. Then, this study proposes countermeasures based on government and enterprise perspectives. This study provides both theoretical and empirical referents for enterprises to better adopt green innovation behaviors and enhance their green development.
Estimation of Tinnitus-Related Socioeconomic Costs in Germany
Authors: Tziridis Konstantin , Friedrich Jana , Brüeggemann Petra , Mazurek Birgit , Schulze Holger
Published: August 2022

Despite the high prevalence of tinnitus in Germany of nearly 12% of the general population, there have been no systematic studies on the socioeconomic costs for German society caused by tinnitus so far. Here we analyzed data from 258 chronic tinnitus patients—namely tinnitus severity and health utility index (HUI)—and correlated them with their tinnitus-related public health care costs, private expenses, and economic loss due to their tinnitus percept as assessed by questionnaires. We found correlations of the HUI with health care costs and calculated the mean socioeconomic costs per tinnitus patient in Germany. According to our most conservative estimate, these sum up to EUR 4798.91 per year. Of that EUR 2206.95 account for the public health care, EUR 290.45 are carried by the patient privately and the remaining EUR 2301.51 account for economical loss due to sick leave. With a prevalence of 5.5% with at least bothersome tinnitus, this sums up to 21.9 billion Euro per year and with 25.82 sick leave days; tinnitus patients miss work more than double the time of the average German employee (10.9 days). The findings fit within the cost ranges of studies from other European countries and the USA and show that the socioeconomic burden of this disease-like symptom is a global problem. In comparison with the costs of other major chronic diseases in Germany—such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (ca. 16 billion Euro) or diabetes mellitus (ca. 42 billion Euro)—the relevance of the ‘symptom’ tinnitus for the German social economy becomes even more obvious.
Making Pb Adsorption-Saturated Attapulgite with Excellent Photocatalysis Properties through a Vulcanization Reaction and Its Application for MB Wastewater Degradation
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Chen Chen , Cheng Ting , Wen Mingyue , Wang Lei , Pan Fenxu
Published: August 2022

Attapulgite (AT) is a clay mineral with rich reserves in China, and it has good adsorption activity for Pb-containing wastewater. However, as a hazardous waste, the treatment of Pb adsorption-saturated attapulgite was quite difficult. In this work, through a simple vulcanization reaction, the waste Pb adsorption-saturated attapulgite (AT@Pb) was transformed into composite materials (AT@PbS) with good photocatalytic performance. After comprehensive material characterization (including XRD, TEM, XPS, and UV-Vis), the photocatalytic degradation performance and mechanism of AT@PbS for methylene blue (MB) were investigated. The results revealed that AT@PbS was a composite material of attapulgite nanorods (500–600 nm) and nanosquare PbS particles (80–100 nm). Additionally, AT@PbS displayed good visible light absorption, improved photo-electric properties, excellent photodegradation performance for MB, and recycling stability. Moreover, the energy band range of AT@PbS was about −0.043 V to 1.367 V. The photo-generated holes and their derived hydroxyl radicals were the main active species for MB degradation. This work not only provides a new approach to construct the composite photocatalyst, but also demonstrates the possibility of the comprehensive utilization of heavy metal adsorbents for wastewater degradation.
The LACRIMALit Ontology of Crisis: An Event-Centric Model for Digital History
Authors: Papadopoulou Maria , Roche Christophe , Tamiolaki Eleni-Melina
Published: August 2022

The article presents the building of an event-centric model for the computational representation of crisis events using an ontology encoded in the Web Ontology Language (OWL). The work presented here is done in collaboration with the Leaders and Crisis Management in Ancient Literature. A Comparative Approach (LACRIMALit) project, (2022–2025) hosted at the Institute for Mediterranean Studies/Foundation for Research and Technology (IMS-FORTH). A key outcome of the project is the LACRIMALit ontology that aims principally at the semantic annotation of ancient Greek historiographical texts in open access via Perseus Digital Library. The ontology will facilitate reasoning on and across these documents and enable their semantic querying. The tagset of annotations, concepts, relations, and terms of the ontology will be both human and machine readable, extensible and reusable. The annotated corpus of texts to be produced will be available for sophisticated queries based on the concepts and relations, defined by the ontologies. This will considerably improve the string-based querying of the texts in their present digital format. This article presents the principles of conceptualization of the domain in the three dimensions: domain knowledge (mainly classes illustrated with some individuals), linguistic dimension (terms, proper names, definite descriptions), and references.
Automatic Sarcasm Detection: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Băroiu Alexandru-Costin , Trăușan-Matu Ștefan
Published: August 2022

Sarcasm is an integral part of human language and culture. Naturally, it has garnered great interest from researchers from varied fields of study, including Artificial Intelligence, especially Natural Language Processing. Automatic sarcasm detection has become an increasingly popular topic in the past decade. The research conducted in this paper presents, through a systematic literature review, the evolution of the automatic sarcasm detection task from its inception in 2010 to the present day. No such work has been conducted thus far and it is essential to establish the progress that researchers have made when tackling this task and, moving forward, what the trends are. This study finds that multi-modal approaches and transformer-based architectures have become increasingly popular in recent years. Additionally, this paper presents a critique of the work carried out so far and proposes future directions of research in the field.
Utility of Initial Arterial Blood Gas in Neuromuscular versus Non-Neuromuscular Acute Respiratory Failure in Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Abuzinadah Ahmad R. , Almalki Asma Khaled , Almuteeri Rinad Zuwaimel , Althalabi Rahaf Hassan , Sahli Hanin Abdullah , Hayash Fatima Abdulrahman , Alrayiqi Rahaf Hamed , Makkawi Seraj , Maglan Alaa , Alamoudi Loujen O. , Alamri Noof M. , Alsaati Maha H. , Alshareef Aysha A. , Aljereish Sultan Saeed , Bamaga Ahmed K. , Alhejaili Faris , Abulaban Ahmad Abdulaziz , Alanazy Mohammed H.
Published: August 2022

Background: The arterial blood gas (ABG) parameters of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) with acute neuromuscular respiratory failure (NMRF) and non-NMRF have not been defined or compared in the literature. Methods: We retrospectively collected the initial ABG parameters (pH, PaCO2, PaO2, and HCO3) of patients admitted to ICUs with acute respiratory failure. We compared ABG parameter ranges and the prevalence of abnormalities in NMRF versus non-NMRF and its categories, including primary pulmonary disease (PPD) (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and bronchiectasis), pneumonia, and pulmonary edema. Results: We included 287 patients (NMRF, n = 69; non-NMRF, n = 218). The difference between NMRF and non-NMRF included the median (interquartile range (IQR)) of pH (7.39 (7.32–7.43), 7.33 (7.22–7.39), p < 0.001), PaO2 (86.9 (71.4–123), 79.6 (64.6–99.1) mmHg, p = 0.02), and HCO3 (24.85 (22.9–27.8), 23.4 (19.4–26.8) mmol/L, p = 0.006). We found differences in the median of PaCO2 in NMRF (41.5 mmHg) versus PPD (63.3 mmHg), PaO2 in NMRF (86.9 mmHg) versus pneumonia (74.3 mmHg), and HCO3 in NMRF (24.8 mmol/L) versus pulmonary edema (20.9 mmol/L) (all p < 0.01). NMRF compared to non-NMRF patients had a lower frequency of hypercarbia (24.6% versus 39.9%) and hypoxia (33.8% versus 50.5%) (all p < 0.05). NMRF compared to PPD patients had lower frequency of combined hypoxia and hypercarbia (13.2% versus 37.8%) but more frequently isolated high bicarbonate (33.8% versus 8.9%) (all p < 0.001). Conclusions: The ranges of ABG changes in NMRF patients differed from those of non-NMRF patients, with a greater reduction in PaO2 in non-NMRF than in NMRF patients. Combined hypoxemia and hypercarbia were most frequent in PPD patients, whereas isolated high bicarbonate was most frequent in NMRF patients.
Sex-Related Differences in Patient Selection for and Outcomes after Pace and Ablate for Refractory Atrial Fibrillation: Insights from a Large Multicenter Cohort
Authors: Baumgartner Thomas , Kaelin-Friedrich Miriam , Makowski Karol , Noti Fabian , Schaer Beat , Haeberlin Andreas , Badertscher Patrick , Kozhuharov Nikola , Baldinger Samuel , Seiler Jens , Osswald Stefan , Kühne Michael , Roten Laurent , Tanner Hildegard , Sticherling Christian , Reichlin Tobias
Published: August 2022

Background: A pace and ablate strategy may be performed in refractory atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response. Objective: We aimed to assess sex-related differences in patient selection and clinical outcomes after pace and ablate. Methods: In a retrospective multicentre study, patients undergoing AV junction ablation were studied. Sex-related differences in baseline characteristics, all-cause mortality, heart failure (HF) hospitalizations, and device-related complications were assessed. Results: Overall, 513 patients underwent AV junction ablation (median age 75 years, 50% men). At baseline, men were younger (72 vs. 78 years, p < 0.001), more frequently had non-paroxysmal AF (82% vs. 72%, p = 0.006), had a lower LVEF (35% vs. 55%, p < 0.001) and more frequently had cardiac resynchronization therapy (75% vs. 25%, p < 0.001). Interventional complications were rare in both groups (1.2% vs. 1.6%, p = 0.72). Patients were followed for a median of 42 months in survivors (IQR 22–62). After 4 years of follow-up, the combined endpoint of all-cause death or HF hospitalization occurred more often in men (38% vs. 27%, p = 0.008). The same was observed for HF hospitalizations (22% vs. 11%, p = 0.021) and all-cause death (28% vs. 21%, p = 0.017). Sex category remained an independent predictor of death or HF hospitalization after adjustment for age, LVEF and type of stimulation. Lead-related complications, infections, and upgrade to ICD or CRT occurred in 2.1%, 0.2% and 3.5% of patients, respectively. Conclusions: Pace and ablate is safe with a need for subsequent device-related re-interventions in 5.8% over 4 years. We found significant sex-related differences in patient selection, and women had a more favourable clinical course after AV junction ablation.
Postoperative Intensive Care Management of Aortic Repair
Authors: De Paulis Stefano , Arlotta Gabriella , Calabrese Maria , Corsi Filippo , Taccheri Temistocle , Antoniucci Maria , Martinelli Lorenzo , Bevilacqua Francesca , Tinelli Giovanni , Cavaliere Franco
Published: August 2022

Vascular surgery patients have multiple comorbidities and are at high risk for perioperative complications. Aortic repair surgery has greatly evolved in recent years, with an increasing predominance of endovascular techniques (EVAR). The incidence of cardiac complications is significantly reduced with endovascular repair, but high-risk patients require postoperative ST-segment monitoring. Open aortic repair may portend a prohibitive risk of respiratory complications that could be a contraindication for surgery. This risk is greatly reduced in the case of an endovascular approach, and general anesthesia should be avoided whenever possible in the case of endovascular repair. Preoperative renal function and postoperative kidney injury are powerful determinants of short- and long-term outcome, so that preoperative risk stratification and secondary prevention are critical tasks. Intraoperative renal protection with selective renal and distal aortic perfusion is essential during open repair. EVAR has lower rates of postoperative renal failure compared to open repair, with approximately half the risk for acute kidney injury (AKI) and one-third of the risk of hemodialysis requirement. Spinal cord ischemia used to be the most distinctive and feared complication of aortic repair. The risk has significantly decreased since the beginning of aortic surgery, with advances in surgical technique and spinal protection protocols, and is lower with endovascular repair. Endovascular repair avoids extensive aortic dissection and aortic cross-clamping and is generally associated with reduced blood loss and less coagulopathy. The intensive care physician must be aware that aortic repair surgery has an impact on every organ system, and the importance of early recognition of organ failure cannot be overemphasized.
The COVID-19 Housing Boom: Is a 2007–2009-Type Crisis on the Horizon?
Authors: Afxentiou Diamando , Harris Peter , Kutasovic Paul
Published: August 2022

While the current housing market remains relatively strong, with housing prices setting records, concerns are growing of a potential housing bubble similar to that of 2007–2009; this paper compares the current housing market environment with that of 2007–2009 and concludes that the many of the factors that caused the 2007–2009 crisis do not exist today. Factors associated with subprime mortgages, poor and non-existent underwriting loan requirements, weak regulatory oversight, exaggerated credit ratings, under-capitalization in the banking sector and excessive speculative activity in the housing market have been addressed by regulation, which is aimed at preventing another financial crisis similar to 2007–2009. Equally important, major fundamental factors affecting real estate valuation are providing support for the housing market and housing prices; these factors are impacting both the demand and supply side of the housing market. The factors include the lack of inventories of homes available for sale, the underproduction of housing, decreased household mobility limiting supply and the increase in housing demand from millennials and institutional investors; these fundamental factors were not evident during the 2007–2009 period. Despite a number of indicators signaling a potential topping out and overvaluation of housing prices, the authors conclude that the fundamental factors will limit the extent that the housing market weakens over the next few years.
Comment on Oldrini et al. PHILOS Synthesis for Proximal Humerus Fractures Has High Complications and Reintervention Rates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Life 2022, 12, 311
Authors: Sidiropoulos Konstantinos , Tsikopoulos Konstantinos
Published: August 2022

We read the paper published by Oldrini, L.M. et al. (2022) [...]
Reply to Sidiropoulos, K.; Tsikopoulos, K. Comment on “Oldrini et al. PHILOS Synthesis for Proximal Humerus Fractures Has High Complications and Reintervention Rates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Life 2022, 12, 311”
Authors: Oldrini Lorenzo Massimo , Feltri Pietro , Albanese Jacopo , Marbach Francesco , Filardo Giuseppe , Candrian Christian
Published: August 2022

Thank you for the opportunity to respond to the commentary [...]
The Application of Auxin-like Compounds Promotes Cold Acclimation in the Oilseed Rape Plant
Authors: Jankauskienė Jurga , Mockevičiūtė Rima , Gavelienė Virgilija , Jurkonienė Sigita , Anisimovienė Nijolė
Published: August 2022

Cold is a major environmental key factor influencing plant growth, development, and productivity. Responses and adaption processes depend on plant physiological and biochemical modifications, first of all via the hormonal system. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) plays a critical role in the processes of plant functioning. To assess the influence of the auxin-like compounds 1-[2-chloroethoxycarbonylmethyl]-4-naphthalenesulfonic acid calcium salt (TA-12) and 1-[2-dimethylaminoethoxycarbonylmethyl]naphthalene chloromethylate (TA-14) in the process of cold acclimation, long-term field trials over four years were performed with two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plant cultivars with different wintering resistance in temperate-zone countries. In these two rapeseed cultivars, namely ‘Casino’ (less resistant) and ‘Valesca’ (more resistant), investigations were conducted in the terminal buds and root collars. The application of auxin-like compounds revealed a close interlinkage between the composition of dehydrins and the participation of the phytohormone IAA in the adaptation processes. By applying TA-12 and TA-14, the importance of the proteins, especially the composition of the dehydrins, the IAA amount, and the status of the oilseed rape cultivars at the end of the cold acclimation period were confirmed. Following on from this, when introducing oilseed rape cultivars from foreign countries, it may also be of value to assess their suitability for cultivation in temperate-zone countries.
Cyclosporine A Modulates LSP1 Protein Levels in Human B Cells to Attenuate B Cell Migration at Low O2 Levels
Authors: Hilchey Shannon P. , Palshikar Mukta G. , Mendelson Eric S. , Shen Shichen , Rasam Sailee , Emo Jason A. , Qu Jun , Thakar Juilee , Zand Martin S.
Published: August 2022

Coordinated migration of B cells within and between secondary lymphoid tissues is required for robust antibody responses to infection or vaccination. Secondary lymphoid tissues normally expose B cells to a low O2 (hypoxic) environment. Recently, we have shown that human B cell migration is modulated by an O2-dependent molecular switch, centrally controlled by the hypoxia-induced (transcription) factor-1α (HIF1A), which can be disrupted by the immunosuppressive calcineurin inhibitor, cyclosporine A (CyA). However, the mechanisms by which low O2 environments attenuate B cell migration remain poorly defined. Proteomics analysis has linked CXCR4 chemokine receptor signaling to cytoskeletal rearrangement. We now hypothesize that the pathways linking the O2 sensing molecular switch to chemokine receptor signaling and cytoskeletal rearrangement would likely contain phosphorylation events, which are typically missed in traditional transcriptomic and/or proteomic analyses. Hence, we have performed a comprehensive phosphoproteomics analysis of human B cells treated with CyA after engagement of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 with CXCL12. Statistical analysis of the separate and synergistic effects of CyA and CXCL12 revealed 116 proteins whose abundance is driven by a synergistic interaction between CyA and CXCL12. Further, we used our previously described algorithm BONITA to reveal a critical role for Lymphocyte Specific Protein 1 (LSP1) in cytoskeletal rearrangement. LSP1 is known to modulate neutrophil migration. Validating these modeling results, we show experimentally that LSP1 levels in B cells increase with low O2 exposure, and CyA treatment results in decreased LSP1 protein levels. This correlates with the increased chemotactic activity observed after CyA treatment. Lastly, we directly link LSP1 levels to chemotactic capacity, as shRNA knock-down of LSP1 results in significantly increased B cell chemotaxis at low O2 levels. These results directly link CyA to LSP1-dependent cytoskeletal regulation, demonstrating a previously unrecognized mechanism by which CyA modulates human B cell migration. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD036167.
Multiglandular Parathyroid Disease
Authors: Kowalski Grzegorz , Buła Grzegorz , Bednarczyk Adam , Gawrychowska Agata , Gawrychowski Jacek
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Multiglandular parathyroid disease (MGD) is an uncommon cause of primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) and has been reported in the literature in 8–33% of patients with pHPT. The aim of our study was to review the clinical characteristics and management of MGD and evaluation of surgical treatment failures. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 163 patients with pHPT undergoing parathyroidectomy (PTX) at the Department of General and Endocrine Surgery between 1983 and 2018. All these patients were diagnosed with MGD. This group of patients was compared with a group of 856 patients with solitary disease operated for pHPT in the same period. Results: Among 163 patients—127 (79%) of them had two lesions, 28 (16%) had three, and 8 (5%) four. They were prevalently women over the age of 50. The diagnosis was based on PTH and ionized calcium studies and used sestamibi technetium-99m scintigraphy (MIBI) as well for us. Treatment was surgical. Conclusions: Parathyroidectomy (PTX) for multiglandular parathyroid disease (MGD) is associated with a higher operative risk of failure compared to solitary disease. Preoperative diagnosis and localization of the parathyroid glands is an extremely important element of treatment. Diagnosis is based on PTH and calcium levels. Ultrasonography (USG), MRI, and scintigraphy are very helpful in diagnosis. Mediastinal multiglandular parathyroid disease (MGD) is associated with increased surgical treatment failures. The treatment is surgical and consists of the removal of the masses or complete parathyroidectomy. Based on this study, we support the existence of multiple adenomas and advocate the removal of only macroscopically enlarged parathyroid glands in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.
A Review with Updated Perspectives on the Antiviral Potentials of Traditional Medicinal Plants and Their Prospects in Antiviral Therapy
Authors: Saifulazmi Nur Fadlin , Rohani Emelda Rosseleena , Harun Sarahani , Bunawan Hamidun , Hamezah Hamizah Shahirah , Nor Muhammad Nor Azlan , Azizan Kamalrul Azlan , Ahmed Qamar Uddin , Fakurazi Sharida , Mediani Ahmed , Sarian Murni Nazira
Published: August 2022

Exploration of the traditional medicinal plants is essential for drug discovery and development for various pharmacological targets. Various phytochemicals derived from medicinal plants were extensively studied for antiviral activity. This review aims to highlight the role of medicinal plants against viral infections that remains to be the leading cause of human death globally. Antiviral properties of phytoconstituents isolated from 45 plants were discussed for five different types of viral infections. The ability of the plants’ active compounds with antiviral effects was highlighted as well as their mechanism of action, pharmacological studies, and toxicological data on a variety of cell lines. The experimental values, such as IC50, EC50, CC50, ED50, TD50, MIC100, and SI of the active compounds, were compiled and discussed to determine their potential. Among the plants mentioned, 11 plants showed the most promising medicinal plants against viral infections. Sambucus nigra and Clinacanthus nutans manifested antiviral activity against three different types of viral infections. Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea augustofolia, Echinacea pallida, Plantago major, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Phyllanthus emblica, Camellia sinensis, and Cistus incanus exhibited antiviral activity against two different types of viral infections. Interestingly, Nicotiana benthamiana showed antiviral effects against mosquito-borne infections. The importance of phenolic acids, alkamides, alkylamides, glycyrrhizin, epicatechin gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (EGC), protein-based plant-produced ZIKV Envelope (PzE), and anti-CHIKV monoclonal antibody was also reviewed. An exploratory approach to the published literature was conducted using a variety of books and online databases, including Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and PubMed Central, with the goal of obtaining, compiling, and reconstructing information on a variety of fundamental aspects, especially regarding medicinal plants. This evaluation gathered important information from all available library databases and Internet searches from 1992 to 2022.
Experimental Study of Energy Evolution at a Discontinuity in Rock under Cyclic Loading and Unloading
Authors: Zheng Wei , Gu Linlin , Wang Zhen , Ma Junnan , Li Hujun , Zhou Hang
Published: August 2022

Energy is often dissipated and released in the process of rock deformation and failure. To study the energy evolution of rock discontinuities under cyclic loading and unloading, cement mortar was used as rock material and a CSS-1950 rock biaxial rheological testing machine was used to conduct graded cyclic loading and unloading tests on Barton’s standard profile line discontinuities with different joint roughness coefficients (JRCs). According to the deformation characteristics of the rock discontinuity sample, the change of internal energy is calculated and analyzed. The experimental results show that under the same cyclic stress, the samples harden with the increase in the number of cycles. With the increase of cyclic stress, the dissipated energy density of each stage gradually exceeds the elastic energy density and occupies a dominant position and increases rapidly as failure becomes imminent. In the process of increasing the shear stress step-by-step, the elastic energy ratio shows a downward trend, but the dissipated energy is contrary to it. The energy dissipation ratio can be used to characterize the internal damage of the sample under load. In the initial stage of fractional loading, the sample is in the extrusion compaction stage, and the energy dissipation ratio remains quasi-constant; then the fracture develops steadily, the damage inside the sample intensifies, and the energy dissipation ratio increases linearly (albeit at a low rate). When the energy storage limit is reached, the growth rate of energy dissipation ratio increases and changes when the stress level reaches a certain threshold. The increase of the roughness of rock discontinuity samples will improve their energy storage capacity to a certain extent.
Production of Mesoporous Magnetic Carbon Materials from Oily Sludge by Combining Thermal Activation and Post-Washing
Authors: Tsai Wen-Tien , Lin Yu-Quan , Tsai Chi-Hung , Shen Yun-Hwei
Published: August 2022

In this work, the oily sludge (OS) from a local waste oil recycling plant was reused as a precursor for producing porous magnetic carbon composites (CC) by pyrolysis, followed by carbon dioxide activation. Based on the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the OS feedstock, the preparation experiments were performed at 800–900 °C. From the pore analysis of the CC products, it indicated an increasing trend, as the BET surface area greatly increased from about 1.0 to 44.30 m2/g. In addition, the enhancement effect on the pore properties can be consistently obtained from the acid-washed CC products because the existing and new pores were reformed due to the leaching-out of inorganic minerals. It showed an increase from 32.27 to 94.45 m2/g and 44.30 to 94.52 m2/g at 850 and 900 °C, respectively, showing their mesoporous features. These porous and iron-containing features were also observed by the scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). In addition, the adsorption removal of total organic carbon (TOC) in the raw wastewater, by the CC product, showed its high performance (>80%).
Quasi-Static Three-Point Bending Behavior of Aluminum Foam Sandwich with CFRP Face-Sheets
Authors: Wang Xinyuan , Cao Zhuokun , Fu Gaofeng
Published: August 2022

Aluminum foam sandwich panels are excellent structure–function integrated materials. With high specific strength, cushioning energy absorption and sound absorption of aluminum foam material, they overcome the disadvantage of the low strength of single aluminum foam materials. In this paper, the response of aluminum sandwich panels comprising aluminum foam cores and carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) face-sheets was investigated under quasi-static three-point bending, and the effect of core thickness as well as core density on flexural loads and deformation modes was studied. The experimental results show that increasing the thickness and the density of the core materials can increase the flexural load and bending stiffness in the bending process. The aluminum foam sandwich panels mainly include the following deformation modes in the three-point bending process: indentation, core shear, face-sheet fracture and debonding.
Similar 5F-APINACA Metabolism between CD-1 Mouse and Human Liver Microsomes Involves Different P450 Cytochromes
Authors: Crosby Samantha V. , Ahmed Izzeldin Y. , Osborn Laura R. , Wang Zeyuan , Schleiff Mary A. , Fantegrossi William E. , Nagar Swati , Prather Paul L. , Boysen Gunnar , Miller Grover P.
Published: August 2022

In 2019, synthetic cannabinoids accounted for more than one-third of new drugs of abuse worldwide; however, assessment of associated health risks is not ethical for controlled and often illegal substances, making CD-1 mouse exposure studies the gold standard. Interpretation of those findings then depends on the similarity of mouse and human metabolic pathways. Herein, we report the first comparative analysis of steady-state metabolism of N-(1-adamantyl)-1-(5-pentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (5F-APINACA/5F-AKB48) in CD-1 mice and humans using hepatic microsomes. Regardless of species, 5F-APINACA metabolism involved highly efficient sequential adamantyl hydroxylation and oxidative defluorination pathways that competed equally. Secondary adamantyl hydroxylation was less efficient for mice. At low 5F-APINACA concentrations, initial rates were comparable between pathways, but at higher concentrations, adamantyl hydroxylations became less significant due to substrate inhibition likely involving an effector site. For humans, CYP3A4 dominated both metabolic pathways with minor contributions from CYP2C8, 2C19, and 2D6. For CD-1 mice, Cyp3a11 and Cyp2c37, Cyp2c50, and Cyp2c54 contributed equally to adamantyl hydroxylation, but Cyp3a11 was more efficient at oxidative defluorination than Cyp2c members. Taken together, the results of our in vitro steady-state study indicate a high conservation of 5F-APINACA metabolism between CD-1 mice and humans, but deviations can occur due to differences in P450s responsible for the associated reactions.
A Review of Spatter in Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing: In Situ Detection, Generation, Effects, and Countermeasures
Authors: Li Zheng , Li Hao , Yin Jie , Li Yan , Nie Zhenguo , Li Xiangyou , You Deyong , Guan Kai , Duan Wei , Cao Longchao , Wang Dengzhi , Ke Linda , Liu Yang , Zhao Ping , Wang Lin , Zhu Kunpeng , Zhang Zhengwen , Gao Liang , Hao Liang
Published: August 2022

Spatter is an inherent, unpreventable, and undesired phenomenon in laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing. Spatter behavior has an intrinsic correlation with the forming quality in L-PBF because it leads to metallurgical defects and the degradation of mechanical properties. This impact becomes more severe in the fabrication of large-sized parts during the multi-laser L-PBF process. Therefore, investigations of spatter generation and countermeasures have become more urgent. Although much research has provided insights into the melt pool, microstructure, and mechanical property, reviews of spatter in L-PBF are still limited. This work reviews the literature on the in situ detection, generation, effects, and countermeasures of spatter in L-PBF. It is expected to pave the way towards a novel generation of highly efficient and intelligent L-PBF systems.