bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mudanças nos Compulsórios e as Ações dos Bancos Brasileiros
Authors: Mazzucco Bruno De Lorenzi Cancelier , Meurer Roberto
Published: October 2019

Neste trabalho foi testada a hipótese de que pelo menos parte dos custos dos depósitos compulsórios incide sobre os acionistas dos bancos, ao invés de somente sobre os depositantes e os tomadores de empréstimo. Através de um estudo de eventos para catorze mudanças regulatórias entre 1998 e 2010, foi investigada a existência de retornos anormais. Os resultados sugerem que os acionistas pagam em parte este custo.
Comunalidades na Liquidez – Evidências e Comportamento Intradiário para o Mercado Brasileiro
Authors: Victor Fernanda Gomes , Perlin Marcelo Scherer , Mastella Mauro
Published: October 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a dinâmica da liquidez intradiária na Bolsa de Valores Brasileira, sob a ótica de co-movimentos (ou comunalidades). No trabalho argumenta-se que este fator comum na liquidez das ações é afetado pelos efeitos intradiários particulares da microestrutura do mercado. Utilizando uma base de dados de alta frequência e o volume negociado como proxy para liquidez, tal hipótese é investigada para os dados brasileiros, sendo encontrada forte evidência de que o efeito de comunalidade da liquidez muda de forma significativa ao longo de diferentes intervalos do dia. Durante as primeiras e últimas horas de negociação este efeito é mais intenso, justificando-se tal resultado como um produto da chegada de novas informações ao mercado e uma consequência do risco overnight.
Sobre o Sistema de Amortização Linear Crescente
Authors: De Faro Clovis Jose Daudt Lyra Darrigue
Published: October 2019

Colimando compatibilizar a questão de risco de inadimplência com a capacidade de pagamento do mutuário, Jorge Oscar de Mello Flôres propôs ao então gestor do Sistema Financeiro de Habitação, o Banco Nacional de Habitação, o que denominou de Sistema de Amortização Linear Crescente (SALC). Com fulcro em uma análise crítica do SALC, é proposta a alternativa que se denominou de Sistema Generalizado de Amortização Mista ( SGAM).
Remuneração Executiva, Valor e Desempenho das Empresas Brasileiras Listadas
Authors: Silva Andre Luiz Carvalhal da , Chien Alisson Chen Yi
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar se a remuneração dos executivos afeta o valor e desempenho das empresas no Brasil. Os resultados da literatura são controversos, mas a maioria dos estudos sugere que companhias que melhor remuneram seus executivos apresentam valor e desempenho superiores. Utilizando dados inéditos no Brasil, este trabalho procura testar essa hipótese. Este estudo se diferencia das demais pesquisas sobre remuneração executiva no Brasil ao utilizar modelos dinâmicos de regressão linear múltipla, estimados pelo Método dos Momentos Generalizado Sistêmico, para tentar controlar possíveis fontes de endogeneidade. A análise de 420 companhias abertas brasileiras no período de 2002 a 2009 indica que não existe uma relação significativa entre remuneração executiva e valor da empresa (price-to-book e Q de Tobin), ou seja, empresas que pagam mais a seus executivos não possuem maior valor de mercado. Além disso, não existe evidência significativa que empresas que mais remuneram seus executivos apresentam melhor desempenho operacional (retorno sobre ativos e crescimento de vendas).
Estimativas de Longo Prazo para a Volatilidade de Séries Temporais no Mercado Financeiro Brasileiro
Authors: Moraes Alex Sandro Monteiro de , Pinto Antonio Carlos Figueiredo , Klotzle Marcelo Cabus
Published: October 2019

Os modelos da família GARCH, normalmente utilizados para as estimativas de volatilidade para prazos mais longos, mantém inalterados os pesos relativos atribuídos às observações antigas e recentes, independente do horizonte de previsão da volatilidade. O objetivo deste artigo é verificar se o aumento dos pesos relativos atribuídos às observações mais antigas em função do aumento do horizonte de previsão resulta em melhores estimativas de volatilidade. Por meio da utilização de sete modelos de previsão de volatilidade e séries de retornos de ativos do mercado financeiro brasileiro compararam-se as estimativas obtidas na amostra (in-sample) com as observações fora da amostra (out-of-sample). Com base nesta comparação, constatou-se que as melhores estimativas de previsão de volatilidade foram obtidas pelo modelo modificado EGARCH e o modelo ARLS. Conclui-se que a utilização de modelos de previsão de volatilidade tradicionais, os quais mantêm inalterados os pesos relativos atribuídos às observações antigas e recentes, mostrou-se inapropriada.
O Mercado de Ações no Brasil antes do Índice Bovespa
Authors: Sanvicente Antonio Zoratto
Published: October 2019

O trabalho descreve a disponibilidade de índices de mercado de ações e títulos públicos de renda fixa no período de 1950 a 1967, antes da criação do Ibovespa. Retornos nominais mensais são calculados, levando à determinação do prêmio histórico por risco de mercado, chegando-se à média mensal de 1,86% ao mês, contra 1,69% ao mês no período de janeiro de 1968 a outubro de 2013. Os retornos dos dois segmentos são ajustados pela variação do Índice Geral de Preços – Disponibilidade Interna (IGP-DI), e é constatado que, no período anterior a janeiro de 1968, os dois tipos de ativo não protegeram o investidor contra a inflação. A principal contribuição deste estudo, porém, é o fornecimento de acesso público a arquivo contendo as séries de valores dos dois tipos de índices, acrescentando mais de 17 anos de dados às séries básicas utilizadas na análise do mercado brasileiro de capitais.
Relações Entre Correlação Serial e Volatilidade: Existe o Efeito LeBaron no Brasil?
Authors: Ely Regis Augusto
Published: October 2019

Este artigo examina a relação entre correlação serial e volatilidade nos retornos do índice Ibovespa, estendendo a evidência empírica do efeito LeBaron para ordens de correlação serial mais altas. Para a estimação da volatilidade, utilizamos modelos com heteroscedasticidade condicional. Para o cálculo da correlação serial, utilizamos uma estatística de razão de variância onde a defasagem é calculada endogenamente. Os resultados estão de acordo com alguns fatos estilizados da teoria de finanças comportamental e ajudam a explicar alguns fenômenos encontrados na literatura empírica, demonstrando que (i) a correlação serial dos retornos semanais está negativamente relacionada com volatilidade, (ii) essa relação negativa está presente nos retornos diários apenas se utilizarmos correlação serial de primeira ordem, e (iii) a crise de 2008 não intensificou esse efeito para retornos semanais, mas produziu uma relação positiva entre volatilidade e correlação serial para retornos diários.
Análise de Convergência de Performance das Bolsas de Valores: a Situação do Ibovespa no Cenário Mundial
Authors: Matos Paulo Rogério Faustino , Penna Christiano Modesto , Landim Maria Nazareth
Published: October 2019

Este artigo aplica a técnica de convergência proposta por Phillips e Sul (2007) para um painel de índices transacionados nas principais bolsas de valores no mundo. Corroborando Antzolautos et al. (2009), não se evidencia uma tendência de convergência comum. O Índice da Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (Ibovespa) consiste no mais antigo dos que compõem o grupo com maior nível na tendência observada nas dinâmicas de transição, o qual é composto por índices voláteis de bolsas com razoável nível de maturidade, situadas principalmente em países da América Latina e Central, com elevada inflação. O segundo clube compreende a maioria das bolsas analisadas, caracterizadas por um maior nível de maturidade e tradição dos mercados financeiros e de desenvolvimento das economias, situadas na Europa, América do Norte e Ásia. O terceiro clube compreende poucas bolsas, sem padrão aparente. Os padrões macroeconômicos, geográficos e financeiros evidenciados podem ser úteis na inferência sobre a recuperação do mercado financeiro após a crise financeira.
Análise da Efetividade de Políticas de Hedge no Mercado de Dólar Futuro no Brasil
Authors: Klotzle Marcelo Cabus , Figueiredo Pinto Antonio Carlos , Simões Mario Domingues , Gomes Leonardo Lima
Published: October 2019

Nos últimos anos, o mercado de dólar comercial experimentou grande volatilidade no Brasil. Os episódios de alta forte e rápida do dólar comercial provocaram prejuízos para diversas empresas brasileiras com dívida nesta moeda. A queda do dólar entre 2002 e 2008 provocou perdas para o setor exportador. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi examinar a efetividade do Hedge no mercado futuro de dólar comercial, negociado na BM&FBovespa, no período de dezembro de 2001 a fevereiro de 2009. A determinação da razão de Hedge foi feita de quatro maneiras alternativas: a) ingênua ou 1 – 1, na qual o Hedger toma uma posição totalmente inversa à sua posição à vista; b) MQO – Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários; c) GARCH (Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity) Simétrico Bivariado; d) GARCH Assimétrico Bivariado. Os resultados do estudo mostraram que houve uma melhoria significante na efetividade do hedge utilizando modelos GARCH em relação às estratégias ingênuas e MQO
Custo de Capital Quando os Dividendos são Dedutíveis
Authors: Velez-Pareja Ignacio , Benavides Franco Julian
Published: October 2019

As economias tributárias e a taxa de desconto que usamos para calcular o seu valor estão envolvidos no cálculo do custo de capital. Com base em resultados anteriores, nós derivamos uma abordagem geral para avaliação de fluxo de caixa que considera qualquer tipo de benefícios fiscais relacionados com a decisão de financiamento de uma empresa e qualquer data em que sejam auferidos. Eles podem ser usados ​​para introduzir qualquer tipo de externalidade que cria valor por meio de economias tributárias não capturadas nem pelo custo da dívida nem pelo custo do capital próprio. Particularmente, nós desenvolvemos as formulações para o custo de capital quando os dividendos, juros sobre capital próprio ou correção monetária de capital próprio são dedutíveis, como acontece no Brasil. Isso mostra que, quando usados corretamente, os métodos de avaliação mais conhecidos são consistentes e dão resultados idênticos. Além disso, o artigo argumenta que quando os dividendos são dedutíveis, a alavancagem ótima é menor e o valor do capital acionário é maior.
Lista de Avaliadores
Authors: Editors From the
Published: October 2019

O desenvolvimento de uma revista de qualidade passa pelo engajamento de acadêmicos de alta qualificação no processo de avaliação dos artigos. Os editores da RBFin agradecem aos 117 indivíduos abaixo que prestaram este serviço voluntário para os artigos com avaliação concluída em 2010. Destes, 18 atuam em universidades estrangeiras. A política da revista é que cada avaliador não faça mais do que uma avaliação por ano, exceto avaliações subsequentes do mesmo artigo. Quando este limite foi excedido, mostramos a quantidade de artigos avaliados.
Critiquing Critique
Authors: C Canceran Delfo
Published: October 2019

This paper attempts to briefly sketch the discursive development of critique in critical theories from modernity (Kant and Marx) to postmodernity (Foucault and Butler). Critique has evolved from negative criticism of the product or output of discourse to the production of or the possibility of discourse. Moreover, there has been a movement from a framework of critique to the critique of alterity (Levinas). The paper demonstrates that this Levinasian critique has shifted from the auto-critique (focus on the self) to alter-critique (focus on the other). The other not just returns the gaze of the self but also contests that gaze in the name of justice.
Knowledge and Action in Non-Dualistic Vedānta: The Incongruity
Authors: K Raina Simran
Published: October 2019

Non-dualistic Vedanta insists on the importance of knowledge rather than action for attaining liberation. Knowledge is regarded as the direct and immediate means of liberation. The cause of the bondage is ignorance (avidyā) and the latter can be removed by knowledge. Non-dualistic Vedānta advocates that the individual is ignorant of the truth that his Self is none other than the Brahman and gets involved in the chain of transmigration. Knowledge of the Self leads to liberation. However, this position leads to a debate between Non-dualistic Vedānta and Mīmāmsā School of thought with reference to understanding whether knowledge itself is a mental action. The objective of the present paper is to examine whether knowledge can be regarded as a mental action.
The Role of Third-Party Rankings in Status Dynamics: How Does the Stability of Rankings Induce Status Changes?
Authors: Bowers Anne , Prato Matteo
Published: October 2019

Most explanations of status dynamics rely on market actor behavior or affiliation to other actors as the primary drivers of change. Yet status is increasingly mediated by third-party intermediaries, which impart status through their ordering of actors. Prior literature suggests that these rankers can affect status orders via changes in the underlying ranking methodology but offers little insight as to whether such changes reflect existing field beliefs or are self-interested. We advance a theory of ranker self-interest, whereby rankers adopt specific behavior to maintain audience attention and increase their chance for survival. We hypothesize that, by threatening audience attention, temporal stability in rankings (an endogenous property of many status systems) induces rankers to self-generate changes in the ranking. We examine the role of stability of rankings in promoting structural changes by rankers using Institutional Investor magazine’s All-America Research Team (all-stars), a widely studied and eminently impactful ranking of equity analysts.
Seroprevalence and factors associated with bovine and swine toxoplasmosis in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
Authors: Tialla Dieudonne , Dahourou Laibane Dieudonne , Gbati Oubri Bassa
Published: October 2019

Background and Aim: Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis with major public health importance. To know more about this condition in Burkina Faso, this study was implemented to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pigs and cattle in intra-urban and peri-urban area of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso).

Materials and Methods: Serum samples were collected from 600 cattle and 600 pigs with 300 samples from each species in intra-urban and peri-urban area of Bobo-Dioulasso. Data about age, sex, and breed of each animal were also noted. Serum samples were analyzed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to look for immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M antibodies to T. gondii.

Results: This study revealed a herd prevalence of 92.5% and 75%, respectively for porcine and bovine toxoplasmosis. At the individual level, we found a prevalence of 29% and 49.2% for cattle and pigs, respectively. For each species, we noticed a significant association between age, sex, breed husbandry system, and the presence of anti-T. gondii antibodies. The prevalence was significantly higher in female, intra-urban system, exotic breed, and animal <2 years old (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The results provided evidence for the presence of T. gondii in pigs and cattle farms around Bobo-Dioulasso. Hence, in Bobo-Dioulasso, raw or undercooked meat consumption is a risk for T. gondii infection for human. Knowledge of the prevalence of toxoplasmosis will help to target prevention efforts.
SPATIAL VARIATION IN POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS OF VENUS CLAM GAFRARIUM TUMIDUM RÖDING, 1798 (BIVALVIA: VENERIDAE) IN AMBON BAY, MALUKU
Authors: Islami Muhammad Masrur , Bengen Dietriech Geoffrey , Dody Safar
Published: October 2019

Ambon Bay consists of two regions i.e. Inner and Outer Ambon Bay that was separated by Galala-Poka sill. Consequently these waters have different local environmental conditions that leads to the bivalve populations differences, one of them is venus clam Gafrarium tumidum. In this study, the distribution and spatial variation in population characteristics of of venus clam was quantified based on the analysis of their twelve shell dimensions from different populations. Fieldwork and analyses were conducted on April – Juni 2013. Total of 585 individuals of venus clam were found and could be divided into ten size-classes and three size categories i.e. small (< 23.11 mm), medium (23.12–32.05 mm) and large size (> 32.06 mm). The highest size-class density was found at medium size. Spatial distribution was related to the characteristics of sediment and other potential factors. Result of discriminant analysis showed that shell-width (SW) was the variable with the highest discriminating power and distinguishing between Inner and Outer Ambon Bay populations.
SEDIMENT CARBON STOCK OF WEST KALIMANTAN MANGROVE FORESTS
Authors: Nuraya Tia , Koropitan Alan Frendy , Wahyudi A'an Johan
Published: October 2019

We investigate variation in sediment carbon stock at Mempawah and Bakau Besar in West Kalimantan by analyzing organic carbon content from sediment samples taken within 20 cm depth. Our results show that organic carbon stock of sediments in Bakau Besar is generally higher than in Mempawah that may be due to riverine input of organic carbon into the mangrove forests. The riverine input of organic carbon is influenced tides, in which we find that organic carbon loads are higher during high tide compared to low tide. In particular, we find high organic carbon contents at a station in Mempawah (Station 3; 6.46 ± 0.23 tons C/ha) and another station in Bakau Besar (Station 2; 14.93 ± 1.43 tons C/ha). These two stations have mangrove density of 13,519 individuals/ha and 9,928 individuals/ha, respectively. We conclude that high organic carbon is influenced by riverine input as well as a high density of mangrove and the dominant type of mangrove vegetation at the sites.
Women With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Lose Protection Against Cardiovascular Disease: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Allen Alina M. , Therneau Terry M. , Mara Kristin C. , Larson Joseph J. , Watt Kymberly D. , Hayes Sharonne N. , Kamath Patrick S.
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the top cause of mortality in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Female sex is protective against CV disease. We aimed to determine whether female sex remains a protective factor against CV disease (myocardial infarction, angina, and stroke) in NAFLD.

METHODS:

We identified all adults diagnosed with NAFLD in Olmsted County, Minnesota, between 1997 and 2014 and selected an age- and sex-matched (1:4) referent cohort from the general population. NAFLD was ascertained using a code-based algorithm with high validity tested by medical record review. The impact of female sex on incident CV events was examined using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis stratified by standard clinical risk factors.

RESULTS:

A total of 3,869 NAFLD and 15,209 age- and sex-matched referent subjects were identified. After a median follow-up time of 7 (range 1–20) years, 3,851 CV events were recorded. Female sex was protective for ischemic CV events in the general population (hazard ratio = 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.62–0.80, P < 0.001), but the impact was significantly diminished among those with NAFLD (hazard ratio = 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.74–1.08, P = 0.25), even after stratification by time-dependent CV risk factors and control for diagnostic testing (liver enzymes and ultrasound) during routine medical evaluations, as a surrogate of access to care. Among those with NAFLD, excess events were higher in women than in men: CV disease (18% vs 9%) and mortality (9% vs 6%).

DISCUSSION:

Women with NAFLD lose the CV protection conferred by the female sex, and their risk is underestimated by current estimating methods in clinical practice.
Platelet functional activity in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: Balabolkin M. I. , Kubatiyev A. A. , Rudko I. A. , Golega Ye. N. , Sushkevich G. N.
Published: October 2019

Platelet aggregability and the reaction of isolation of thrombocytic granules were studied in 17 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus with and without vascular involvement over the course of therapy with human insulin preparations (Lilly, France). Platelet aggregation in response to low concentrations of ADP and adrenalin was found increased; in patients with angiopathies no changes were induced by 5 mcM of ADP and collagen. In the patients without vascular involvement platelet aggregation was the same as in donors. The content of ATP released in the course of ADP or collagen-included aggregation reduced in the diabetics in comparison with donors irrespective of the presence of vascular complications, the lower level of ATP observed, however, in the patients without angiopathies. Our data indicate platelet hyperactivation and devastation of platelet granules in uncomplicated diabetes mellitus. Therapy with Lilly insulins was conducive to recovery of the functional activity of platelets which normalized 6 weeks after therapy was started, no matter what types of insulin were administered. The detected changes seem to be largely due to the effects of insulins proper but not so much to the compensation of glucose level, because they were unidirectional in the groups of patients with subcompensated and compensated diabetes.
Zeltser M. Ye. (on the occasion of his 70th birthday)
Authors: Journal Staff Problems of Endocrinology
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to the anniversary of Mikhail Yefimovich Zeltser - Endocrinologist, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, and Academician of the Academy of Preventive Medicine of Kazakhstan.
Use of dexamethasone for the differential diagnosis of dwarfism
Authors: Pankova S. S. , Buraya Т I. , Goncharov N. Р.
Published: October 2019

The capacity of somatotrophs to respond with secretion of growth hormones to dexamethasone administration was studied in children with different forms of dwarfism. In cases of growth delay caused by deficiency of growth hormone the content of STH during dexamethasone test was at the basal level. In the rest cases blood plasma (serum) STH levels increased at the 180th min after dexamethasone administration. A 6 to 50-fold increase of blood STH level was observed in the presence of intact somatotropic function of the hypophysis. Dexamethasone is recommended for the assessment, of the function of somatotrophic state in practical medicine.
Thyroid morphology and function in rat strains selected for nervous system excitability
Authors: Dmitriyeva N I , Idrisova D A , Vaido A I , Shiryayeva N V , Arutynian N A , Lopatina N G , Shalyapina V G
Published: October 2019

Thyroid morphology, function, and hormonal levels were studied in two rat strains with genetically determined levels of nervous system excitability immediately and in late periods after prolonged stress resulting in development of a neurosis-like state. A high resistance of the linear characteristics of thyroid morphology and function was revealev whose high functional activity was observed in the rats with a low excitability threshold. Two weeks after neurotization cessation morpho- functional status of the thyroid normalized.
Reproductive function in women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: Matveyeva L S , Berdyklycheva A A , Strekolshikova O D
Published: October 2019

In recent years, there has been increasing scientific interest in studying reproductive disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), which is associated with advances in the treatment of the disease, which can significantly increase the life expectancy of patients with diabetes, maximally delay the onset and progression of severe complications of the disease, as well as that the risk of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in the offspring was much lower than previously thought.

A fairly high frequency of menstrual irregularities, infertility, an increase in the pathology of pregnancy and childbirth, and a significant reduction in the fertility period in women with diabetes mellitus are noted in the literature.

Similar violations are found, according to literature 1'01. In ’/ 3 sick women. Amenorrhea in women of reproductive age is observed 2 times more often than in the population. Spontaneous abortions were noted 1.3 times more often, the birth rate in patients with diabetes is 1.59, while normally it is 1.89.
A case with an erroneous diagnosis of chronic adrenal insufficiency in a patient with male transsexualism
Authors: Kozlov G. I. , Kalinchenko S. Yu.
Published: October 2019

Transsexualism - gender identity disorder, consisting in the mismatch of the feeling of one's gender identity with the nature of the external genitalia. The only method of treatment of this disease is surgical correction of sex followed by lifelong replacement therapy with sex hormones. Recently, due to the exclusion of transsexualism from the category of mental diseases, as well as the change in the attitude of society and doctors to this pathology, the possibility of appearance at the reception of such a patient is not excluded, especially for therapists, endocrinologists, gynecologists, urologists and surgeons. Until now, transsexualism refers to poorly studied diseases, hence the high frequency of erroneous management of these patients. Here we give a case from our practice.
The role of hormonal-cytokine interactions in the formation of humoral immune response
Authors: Shirshev S. V.
Published: October 2019

The functional activity of splenocytes of CBA mice was investigated in a syngeneic transfer system by the level of formation of antibody-producing cells (APC). Splenocytes were preincubated for 1 h in vitro with chorionic gonadotropin and type I recombinant interferons, as well as in hormonal-cytokine combinations. Chorionic gonadotropin in doses 10 and 50 MU/ml depressed APC formation, whereas alpha-interferon (250 MU/ml) stimulated it, and beta-interferon in the same concentration did not influence the level of humoral immune response. Chorionic gonadotropin, if added to splenocyte culture in combination with alpha-interferon, completely lost its immunodepressive properties. However, if together with alpha-interferon in a dose of 10 MU/ml it had a costimulating effect, in contrast to that, in combination with beta-interferon in the tested concentrations it was conducive to only a statistically reliable increase in the number of APC.
Hyperinsulinemia in rats with alloxan diabetes after oral administration of insulin-containing negatively charged liposomes
Authors: Akhrem A. A. , Vorobyov M. S. , Kisel M. A. , Tsybovsky I. S. , Zaborovskaya Z. V. , Kholodova Ye. A.
Published: October 2019

The effect of oral administration of insulin-containing negatively charged liposomes on the immunoreactive insulin level and glucose concentration in the blood of rats with alloxan diabetes was studied. Liposomes were formed from equimolar mixtures of either natural phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol or semisynthetic dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylethanol. More than 70% of insulin was encapsulated in liposomes at initial molar lipid to insulin ratio 100:1. Oral administration of both liposomal species results in hyperinsulinemia. Hyperinsulinemia induced by liposomes from semisynthetic phospholipids is attended by a decrease of blood glucose concentration. No correlation between insulin level and glucose concentration in the rat blood after oral intake of phosphatidylinositol-containing liposomes is observed.
T-lymphocyte precursors in diabetics
Authors: Zhuk Ye. A. , Galenok V. A.
Published: October 2019

Patients with types I, II, and pancreatogenic diabetes mellitus were examined for the counts of T precursor cells using autorosette formation test in the presence of t-activin, an activator of T lymphocyte differentiation. The counts of T lymphocyte precursors in patients with type II and pancreatogenic diabetes were virtually the same as in normal subjects. Disorders of cellular immunity in type I diabetes mellitus were found to be associated with depletion of pre-T-lymphocytes. These changes were the most manifest in the decompensation phase (ketoacidosis state). The results may be useful in development of immunomodulating therapy for type I diabetes and in prediction of the disease development in subjects predisposed to it.
Effects of different sources of protein on the level of postalimentary glycemia in patients with type II diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sharafetdinov Kh. Kh. , Mescheryakova V. A. , Plotnikova O. A. , Chernyak О. I.
Published: October 2019

Effects of different sources of protein on the level of postalimentary glycemia in type II diabetes mellitus were studied in 92 patients aged 35 to 56 (mean age 44.2 ± 5.0) with disease duration of 3 to 10 years (mean duration 5.2 ± 0.4 years). Six mixed breakfasts including various sources of plant and animal fat were tested. Each of these breakfasts contained 50 g of easily available carbohydrates; protein content varied from 8 to 40 g. The sources of plant protein were glutene concentrate and soybean protein isolate, milk (casecite) and fish (squid chops) were sources of animal protein. Addition of animal and plant proteins to standard carbohydrate loading was conducive to reduction of postalimentary glycemia in patients with type II diabetes, soybean protein being the most effective in this respect. The minimal glycemic effect of food loading with soybean protein indicates that special dietetic dishes including this protein should be developed for patients with type II diabetes.
A case of Sipple's syndrome
Authors: Vetshev P. S. , Mel'nichenko G. A. , Kuznetsov N. S. , Romantsova T. I. , Rojk O. V.
Published: October 2019

In recent years, more and more attention is drawn to the study of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) - neoplastic syndromes with lesions of two or more endocrine glands. The source of tumors are tissues with embryologically common neuroectodermal origin, belonging to the APUD system. To date, there are three well-defined types of MEN syndromes: MEN I, the most important components of which are tumors of the parathyroid glands (in 80% of cases), pituitary (75%) and pancreas (65%); MEN IIA-medullary thyroid carcinoma (97%), hyperparathyroidism (50%) and pheochromocytoma (30%); MEN II B – multiple neuromas of the mucous membranes (100%), medullary thyroid carcinoma (90%), marphanoid appearance (65%) and pheochromocytoma (45%). Descriptions of observations of Sipple's syndrome - a combination of pheochromocytoma and medullary thyroid cancer are fairly common in both domestic and foreign literature. It has been repeatedly emphasized that the syndrome is caused by the presence of an autosomal dominant gene with high penetrance. However, in our opinion, the collection of family history and the need to examine the relatives of patients is not always given due attention. In the analysis of a large number of observations of MEN II found that pheochromocytoma is diagnosed primarily only in 10% of patients, 50% - in the examination for medullary cancer and 40% - in the late stages of neoplasia.
Contribution of gangliosides to thyroxin binding with plasma membranes
Authors: Saatov T. S. , Gulyamova F. Ya. , Usmanova G. U.
Published: October 2019

Besides intracellular receptors of thyroid hormones, specific binding sites for T3 and T4 were detected on plasma membranes (PM) of some cells and a relationship between membrane reception .and lipid composition of membranes shown. The parameters of 125I-T4 binding to highly purified PM of hepatic and cerebral cells of rats were studied. The hepatic and cerebral cellular membranes were found to contain two sites of hormone binding each, one of these sites being characterized by a high affinity and low capacity, and the other by low affinity and a higher binding capacity. The association constant of highly affine site of hepatocyte membranes was found to be higher than that of brain cell membranes. T4 membranous receptors may be significant in the process of cell “recognition" by the hormone. In vivo and in vitro experiments with 125I-T4 and 14C-labeled thyroxin in ganglioside fractions showed appreciable binding of the hormone to Gm3 fraction, this evidently pointing to participation of this, ganglioside in T4 interaction with membrane receptor. It is possible that gangliosides situated on membranous surface are components of or function as receptors.
Contribution of y-amino butyric acid to the mechanism of the negative feedback of the hypothalamo-hypophyseo-gonadal complex
Authors: Naumenko Ye. V. , Zhukova A. V. , Serova L. I.
Published: October 2019

The role of y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and its receptors in the regulation of negative feedback mechanisms of the integral hypothalamo-hypophyseo-gonadal complex was studied in sham-operated and unilaterally castrated Wistar rats. An increase of GABA content in the body by aminoacetic acid, an inhibitor of GABA-transaminase, was associated with a suppression of the compensatory rise of testosterone level in the peripheral blood after its two- or threefold drop caused by castration, whereas a reduction of GABA content with thiosemicarbaside, an inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase, was paralleled by a more intensive compensatory increase of testosterone level. All GABA receptors participate in its action. Stimulation of GABA receptors with muscimol suppressed, and their blocking with bicucullin intensified the compensatory increase of testosterone level following hemicastration. At the same time, stimulation of GABA B receptors with baclophene was paralleled by a more intensive compensatory rise of blood testosterone level. The authors come to a conclusion that GABAergic systems contribute to regulation of the function of the hypothalamo-hypophyseo-gonadal complex as a negative feedback mechanism.
Glucobay in the therapy of diabetes mellitus (by the International Symposiurir Proceedings)
Authors: Nedosugova L. V.
Published: October 2019

Held on October 21, 1994 in the Congress hall of the hotel “Cosmos” (Moscow) international Symposium, organized by the Ministry of health and medical Industry of the Russian Federation, the Russian Academy of medical Sciences and the German pharmaceutical company “Bayer", chaired by academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Prof. I. I. Dedov, amd was devoted to the treatment of diabetes mellitus and the results of the use of new antidiabetic drug “Glucobay" (Acarbose). In the speeches of Russian and German scientists of diabetologists, modern ideas about the pathogenesis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were highlighted and the basic principles of its treatment were outlined.
Glucobai therapy of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Dedov I. I. , Balabolkin M. I. , Mkrtumyan A. M. , Ametov A. S. , Kakhnovsky I. M. , Chazova T. Ye. , Korolyova T. S. , Kocherghina I. I. , Matveyeva L. S.
Published: October 2019

Effects of acarbose (glucobai) in comparison with placebo were assessed in 180 patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM, group II) and 120 ones with insulindependent diabetes (IDDM, group 1). Group I patients were followed up for 24 weeks, group 2 ones for 12 weeks. Drug efficacy was assessed by parameters of carbohydrate metabolism compensation, including HBA1 content, glycemia on an empty stomach and postprandial one, daily glycosuria, with the subjective and objective tolerance of the drug studied in detail. Time course of changes in body mass and lipid characteristics was followed up, clinical and biochemical analyses of the blood were carried out. Study of acarbose in a double blind test indicated its high efficacy in the treatment of patients with type II diabetes. Besides the influence on carbohydrate metabolism, a reduction of lipid concentration in the blood was observed in patients with NIDDM. Studies carried out in 120 patients with IDDM did not reveal any effect on carbohydrate metabolism in this type of diabetes. Acarbose was well tolerated by the patients. Only 24.4% of patients with NIDDM administered acarbose and 5.6% of those given placebo complained of meteorism; none of more grave gastrointestinal complications was observed.
Radiation-induced pathomorphism of endemic goiter in children and adolescents in a focus of iodine deficiency (initial manifestations of remore effects of the Chernobyl accident)
Authors: Kasatkina E. P. , Shilin D. Ye. , Matkovskaya A. N. , Sokolovskaya K N. , Volkova T. N. , Odud Ye. A. , Mursankova N. M. , Ibragimova G. V. , Pykov M. I. , Bronstein M. E. , Poverenny A. M. , Vasina T. N.
Published: October 2019

The formation of remote consequences of radiation effects on the thyroid status of the population exposed to low-dose radiation was studied. The authors analyzed epidemiological, clinical, biochemical, hormonal, ultrasonographic, immunological, and morphological characteristics of the prevalence and intensity of endemic goiter in children and adolescents living in two iodine-deficient districts of the Oryol region observed after contamination of their territory with 137-Cs in a dose of 1 to 5 Ci/km2 and in-corporation of 131-I in a dose of 20-30 rad and in a control district free from radiation contamination. The results indicate that under the effect of low-dose combined irradiation endemic goiter in the observed districts acquired atypical features in the six years that passed since the Chernobyl accident in comparison with that in the control region: 1) thyromegalia prevalence is increased, its level being disproportionate with the degree of the existent iodine deficiency; 2) sex-specific differences are completely absent; 3) the maximal strain is observed in children exposed to radioactive iodine in utero 4) morphologically, variants of diffuse goiter with a high risk of node formation predominate; 5) progressive growth of thyroid parenchyma is associated with increased thyroglobulin elimination, this increasing the strain of the humoral component of antithyroid autoimmunity. These data indicate that the modifying effect of low-dose exposure on endemic goiter resulted in the disease pathomorphism associated with oncological risk and increased risk of autoimmune thyroiditis.
Pancreatic islets: some aspects of the morphology, physiology and destruction processes in diabetes mellitus type
Authors: Kolesnik Yu. M. , Orlovskii M. A.
Published: October 2019

Modern views on the development, structure and function of pancreatic islets
The left ventricular myocardium in children at early stages of diabetes mellitus: Functional and morphometric parameters
Authors: Kuznetsova I. G. , Filaretova О. V. , Nastausheva T. L. , Stolnikova T. G. , Zazulina О. V.
Published: October 2019

Its morphometric parameters (myocardial mass according to the procedure described by R. Devereuxe, end-diastolic volume and their ratio). Sixteen healthy children of the same age formed the control group. A gradual redistribution of transmitral flow to­wards the atrial systolic phase was found in children with a more than 5-year history of diabetes, which seems to be associated im­paired L V myocardial relaxation due to myocardial metabolic changes and to the occurrence of specific microangiopathies. The found changes progressed with time and correlated with the ap­pearance ofperipheral distal neuropathy. Within the first year of diabetes, there was a transient reduction in LV contractility, which appears to be associated with myocardial metabolic im­balance during the decompensation of the disease. There is a trend to LV myocardial hypertrophy 10years after the onset of the disease.
Pathology of the cardiovascular system with acromegaly
Authors: Belova O. Yu. , Marova E. I. , Shamarin V. M. , Molitvoslovova N. N.
Published: October 2019

Acromegaly is a severe neuroendocrine disease that develops as a result of chronic hypersecretion or an increase in the biological activity of growth hormone (GH). Most cases of the disease are associated with somatotropic pituitary adenoma. Very rarely, acromegaly develops as a result of increased secretion of somatoliberin in the hypothalamus or may be caused by an ectopic tumor secreting GH or somatoliberin.
The immune status of preschool children with diffuse enlargement of the thyroid under ecologically adverse conditions
Authors: Ulanova L. N. , Zemskov А. М. , Knyazev V. I.
Published: October 2019

A total of 434 children aged 4 to 7 living under ecologically adverse conditions were examined. Diffuse enlargement of the thyroid was detected in 35% of children (I degree in 62%, II degree in 38%), with equal frequency in boys and girls. This research was aimed at assessing the immune status of children with enlargement of the thyroid of different degree and at estimation of the functional activity of the thyroid by clinical and laboratory signs (T3, T4, TSH, whose concentrations were measured by standard radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay). Preschool children with diffuse enlargement of the thyroid presented with immunocyte depression in the blood, which was evidently a result of thyroid hormone deficiency at the level of cellular metabolism, because the function of tire enlarged thyroid was frequently reduced, that is, compensated or decompensated hypothyroid state was present. Immunologic disturbances depended on the degree of diffuse enlargement of the gland and on the presence and degree of thyroid activity reduction. A close correlation between blood T4 and TSH levels and immunity status parameters was detected.
The value of the simultaneous determination of content
glycated proteins and antibodies to islet cells
in children and adolescents
Authors: Aikhodzhaeva M. A. , Rakhimova G. N. , Akbarov Z. S. , Zalyalieva M. V. , Akhmedova Sh. U.
Published: October 2019

An assessment was made of the potentiality of identification of individuals at risk for type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) among children with transient hyperglycemia by simultaneously determining the levels of antibodies to pancreatic islet cell antigens (ICA) and insulin antigen (IA), as well as glycated proteins of different life span.

The content of antibodies to ICA and IA was measured in 76 children and adolescents aged 3 to 20 years who had a history of transient hyperglycemia and in 18 children of the same age who had DM-characteristic complaints. They also underwent a glucose tolerance test and the levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc), glycated hair keratin (GHK), and glycated fibrinogen (GF) were de­termined.

The children with a history of transient hyperglycemia, those with impaired glucose tolerance, and a group of individuals with fasting glycemic disturbances were found to have higher levels of glycated proteins (GHK and HbAlc) and a significantly more frequency of and higher titers of antibodies to IS and ICA than in the children from the control group and in those without carbohydrate metabolic disturbances.
Prepubertal gigantism in a girl with a hypophyseal tumor
Authors: Shilin D. Ye , Sichinava I. G.
Published: October 2019

Monitoring the normal growth of a child is one of the primary tasks of a pediatric endocrinologist. The most common abnormality of growth is a variety of options for its delay, detected in 3% of children. Much less often, the reason for a visit to the doctor is tallness. The most adverse cause of gigantism in children for health and life is conditions accompanied by hyperproduction of growth hormone (GH). In pediatric practice, the latter, admittedly, constitute an endocrine rarity. Thus, according to 11-year observations of more than 800 children at the Outpatient Center for Pediatric Endocrinology at North Shore University Hospital in the United States, in the structure of the growth pathology, the height rate was 2.5% - approximately 75 cases per 100,000 children. At the same time, for each case of seeking advice about excessive growth, there were about 40 appeals due to its delay. True gigantism is found only in every 5th child with unusually high growth, or less than 0.5% among children with deviations in body length. On the other hand, according to M. I. Balabolkin, only 9% of patients with acromegaly debut of the disease occurs at the age of 20. These statistics once again emphasize the extreme rarity of diseases occurring with abnormal excess growth in childhood.
Differential diagnosis of constitutional delay of puberty and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in boys
Authors: Semicheva T. V. , Bakanova T. D.
Published: October 2019

Retarded puberty represents по signs of sexual development in adolescents. This study was undertaken to examine clinical criteria for diagnosing constitutional puberty retardation and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and to evaluate the diagnostic value of a test using the synthetic analogue of daily action LH-RH busereline in the differential diagnosis of these conditions. Fifty-two male ado­lescents aged 13.5 to 15.5 years who had no clinical and hormonal signs of the onset of pubescence; 5 of these patients had anosmia, which suggested that they had the Kallmann syndrome (secondary hypogonadism). All the patients had a stimulation test using buser­eline. In 7patients (Group 1), including 5 with anosmia, the maximum elevation of the level of luteinizing hormone (LH) in response to stimulation was less than the puberty value (< 8 U/l). In the remaining 45 adolescents, the maximum elevation of LH reached puberty values and ranged from 11.2 to 50.1 U/l, which made it possible to diagnose transient retarded puberty in them (Group 2). All the patients were followed up for 1-3 years. During this period, there was progressive puberty in all the patients of Group 2 and no intrinsic puberty in Group 1 patients. The findings showed the informative value of the test using the long-acting LH-RH analogue busereline for the differential diagnosis of constitutional puberty retardation and secondary hypogonadism in adolescents.
Production of some cytokines in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease
Authors: Glazanova T. V. , Bubnova L. N. , Trunin E. M. , Kuzmichev A. S. , Pavlova I. E.
Published: October 2019

Imbalance ofproinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines makes a considerable contribution to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including those of the thyroid. The specific features ofperipheral mononuclear cell production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, IL-1(3, and IL-6), the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the serum and the serum level of autoantibodies to thyroglobulin were studied by enzyme immunoassay in 20 patients with histologically verified diffuse toxic goiter (DTG) and in 18 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). Both in DTG and AIT, there was a significant enhancement of the capacity of peripheral blood cells to the spontaneous production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, IL-1(3, and IL-6), which is indicative of preexisting cell activation; their diminished capacity to respond to an inductor in vitro, which reflects an in vivo potential response to antigenic stimulation; as well as increased IL-10 synthesis. More pronounced impairments of cytokine-producing capacity were observed along with the more active formation of autoantibodies to thyroglobulin in patients with AIT.
Thyroid adenoma
Authors: Vetshev P. S. , Gabaidze D. I. , Baranova О. V.
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to the review of the thyroid adenoma peculiarities.
Contribution of tyrosine protein kinases, protein phosphatases, and docking proteins to signal transmission from insulin receptor
Authors: Krivtsov A. V. , Menshikov M. Yu. , Tkachuk V. A.
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted tot he review of the pecularities contribution of tyrosine protein kinases, protein phosphatases, and docking proteins to signal transmission from insulin receptor.