bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge about epidemiological determinants of rabies and its prevention amongst medical interns of Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India
Authors: Giri Purushottam A. , Magare Avinash R.
Published: December 2018

Background: Rabies is one of the most important zoonotic diseases in India. About 99% of all human deaths from rabies occur in the developing nations. Dogs are the main reservoir of rabies in India. It is invariably fatal if proper treatment is not instituted promptly. One of the important factors associated with successful treatment is the knowledge of the caregiver in the proper management of animal bites and rabies vaccination. Hence the present study was conducted to assess the knowledge about epidemiological determinants of rabies & its prevention amongst medical interns.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out amongst 76 interns of a Private Medical College in Marathwada region of Maharashtra during the period of September to October 2018. Pre-designed, pre-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was entered in MS Excel sheet and analyzed accordingly.Results: Out of 76 interns, there were 36 (47.3%) males and 40 (52.7%) females. Majority 61(80.3%) were Muslims followed by 14(18.4%) were Hindus. About 68.4% interns correctly knew that the route of administration of vaccination could be either intra-muscular or intra-dermal (p=0.0220). About 1/4th i.e. 25% interns didn’t know about incubation period of rabies in human (p=0.0079). However, 29(38.2%) interns didn’t know about exact site of administration of rabies immunoglobulin is at wound site.Conclusions: The present study concluded that there were significant gaps in the knowledge about prevention of rabies which needs to be overcome immediately with proper training.
Nutritional status and personal hygiene of children living in the orphanages of Bhubaneswar: capital city of Odisha
Authors: Babu Reddy Surendra , Jyothula Naresh , Kandula Indhraja , Chintada Ganapathy Swamy
Published: December 2018

Background: Orphan’s children are vulnerable and neglected group in the society and are more prone to malnutrition. Aim is to assess the nutritional status, personal hygiene and demographic details of the children living in different orphanages in Bhubaneswar city.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among the children of age group 6 to 14 years in the selected orphanages in Bhubaneswar from October 2015 to March 2016 using two stage stratified cluster random sample to select the orphanages and simple random sample to select study subjects. A pretested predesigned schedule was used to collect information regarding personal hygiene practices, anthropometric measurements of the children were taken and WHO reference growth charts were used to assess nutritional status. Pearson Chi-Square test was used to determine the association between personal hygiene and nutritional status.Results: Out of 210 children, majority 57.7% were malnourished, 53.3% were stunted and malnutrition was higher among the boys than girls whereas the personal hygiene practices scores were better in girls than boys. Our study revealed a significant association between nutritional status and poor personal hygiene (p<0.05).Conclusions: Malnutrition is highly prevalent in children living in orphanages and needs to be addressed. Nutritional status should be monitored regularly, which helps in early identification and timely intervention and this will improve nutritional status of children living in orphanages.
Evaluation of genital tuberculosis as a cause of female infertility in a tertiary care hospital in North India
Authors: Agarwal Neelima , Gupta Manisha , Agrawal Alpana
Published: December 2018

Background: Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) poses a great diagnostic challenge in women of reproductive age. It causes significant morbidity or short and long term sequelae, especially infertility. The disease often remains silent or may present with non-specific symptomatology. As a result, the prevalence of genital tuberculosis is largely underestimated. A high degree of suspicion aided by intensive investigations is important in the diagnosis of the disease, especially in its early stage, so that treatment may improve the prospects of cure before the tubes are damaged beyond recovery. Objectives were to find out the prevalence of genital tuberculosis in females presenting with infertility in a tertiary care hospital over a given period of time, and diagnostic comparison of endometrial tuberculosis by histopathological examination (HPE) and GeneXpert.Methods: The prospective observational study was conducted over one year duration. A total of 96 endometrial samples were collected from the women, satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: On HPE, out of 96 patients, proliferative endometrium (anovulatory) was found in 38 cases (39.6%), non-specific endometritis in 2 cases (2.08%) and 2 cases (2.08%) were found positive for tubercular endometritis. GeneXpert scored negative in our study.Conclusions: Endometrial biopsy shows not only the tuberculous endometritis, but also gives additional information about local factors of endometrium concerning non-specific and specific infections and anovulatory cycles. GeneXpert if positive on endometrial biopsy is a reliable test for FGTB and treatment can be started on its basis.
Enablers of vitamin A coverage among children under five years of age from multi-country analyses of global demographic and health surveys in selected LMIC and LIC countries in Africa and Asia: a random forest analysis
Authors: Raut Manoj Kumar , Reddy J. C. , Bera Debabrata , Warvadekar Kirti
Published: December 2018

Background: Vitamin A deficiency is a common form of micronutrient malnutrition. The estimated relative risks associated with vitamin A deficiency in children were 1.86 (95% CI 1.32–2.59) for measles mortality, 2.15 (95% CI 1.83–2.58) for diarrhoea mortality, 1.78 (95% CI 1.43–2.19) for malaria mortality, 1.13 (95% CI 1.01–1.32) for other infectious disease mortality. Vitamin A supplementation reduces night blindness, child morbidity and mortality.Methods: This paper tries to explore the socio-demographic causes of receipt of vitamin A in selected lower-middle-income and low income countries by analysing the data of the demographic and health surveys from 2012 and 2016 using PASW 18.0 software. Multivariate binary logistic regressions were conducted to explore the role of socio-demographic covariates in the receipt of vitamin A supplementation. In addition, random forest (RF) analyses were conducted using Python 3.6.Results: After adjusting for related socio-economic and demographic factors, mother’s work status and education and among mass media channels, exposure to television seems to play an important role in predicting receipt of vitamin A in the selected countries in Asia, while education of the mother was significantly associated with the receipt of vitamin A in the selected countries of Africa. In all the selected countries, the RF analyses revealed mother’s education followed by wealth index and mass media (TV), as the variable of most importance.Conclusions: It can be concluded that mother’s education and mass media seems to be working well in making the mothers aware about the vitamin A campaign, especially, the exposure to television. It also figures in the variable importance matrix in addition to wealth index.
Syndromic approach to identify cases of vaginal discharge: a cross-sectional study among females of Shaheed Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Singh Nisha , Patel Seema , Trivedi Anshuli , Chouhan Yogendra
Published: December 2018

Background: Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) is important in controlling STIs and to break the chain of infection and transmission.Syndromic case management is a standardized evidence-based approach which utilizes clinical management algorithms and flowcharts that are handy and can be consistently used across health care providers. The objectives of the study were to identify cases of vaginal discharge in Shaheed Nagar, Bhopal and to provide them treatment following syndromic approach.Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study carried out over a period of three months among reproductive age group females (15-45 years) in Shaheed Nagar, Bhopal. Purposive sampling by conducting door- to- door survey until 150 women fulfilling study criteria was interviewed. A pre-designed questionnaire used for data collection. Educational intervention given to all participants. 37 participants identified with vaginal discharge syndrome and were assisted by study team to gynecological OPD for obtaining treatment based on syndromic approach. Data entered in MS Excel 2007 and statistical analysis carried out using epi-info 7.2. Proportions and percentages were calculated. Chi-square was used to find out association between prevalence of vaginal discharge and qualitative variables. P value <0.05 considered statistically significant.Results: Prevalence of vaginal discharge was 24.67%. The most common presenting complaint was general weakness (52%). The most common diagnosis was cervicitis (8.67%) followed by vaginitis (4.67%). Statistically significant correlation was found between presence of disease (STI) and use of intra- uterine device (IUD), non-use of sanitary pads, marital status, occupation and socio- economic class.Conclusions: Abnormal vaginal discharge can both be the cause as well as the effect of pelvic inflammatory disease.
Health seeking behaviour among post menopausal women in rural and urban field practice areas of Gandhi Medical College, Hyderabad: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Apoorva M. Sheeba , Thomas Vimala
Published: December 2018

Background: The phase of menopause is a physiological event which occurs as a result of progression of reproductive ageing. Women from developing countries view variations due to menopause as natural process and there is no need for medical care. The objective of the study was to assess the health seeking behaviour among the post menopausal women.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural and urban field practice areas of department of Community Medicine of Gandhi Medical College, Hyderabad. About 300 urban and 300 rural women were interviewed using a semi-structured and pretested questionnaire from August 2015 to September 2017.Results: Among the rural women, 100 (25.4%) women did not seek health care and among those who sought health care, majority (34.3%) preferred government healthcare services followed by 23% who consulted private facility. Of the urban women, 14.7% did not seek health care, 42% of the women approached private practitioner followed by 23% who sought health care in government hospital. Majority of the women (42.2%) did not seek health care as they thought they will be normal with time.Conclusions: More than one third of the women are not aware of menopause and related problems. Among those who did not seek health care, higher proportion felt they will be Ok with time followed by financial constraints, fear/shy, family problems and lack of transport.
Simulated transport time to nearest level 1 trauma center in eastern Gyeongnam province, Korea
Authors: Kim Yong Han
Published: December 2018

Severe traumatic patients should be transported to level 1 trauma center within one hour. We investigated simulated transport time and distance from eastern Gyeongnam province to nearest level 1 trauma center in South Korea. This scenario was simulated on web mapping service. Transport time and distance was measured by motor vehicle. We decided that one hour is optimal for appropriate trauma care. Estimated transport time were 40 min, 48 min, 55 min and 1 hour 8 min, respectively (Gimhae, Yangsan, Changwon and Miryang). Nearest level 1 trauma center was Pusan National University Hospital outside Gyeongnam province. Transport of traumatic patient was based on real transfer time above administrative district.
THE GLOBALSOILMAP PROJECT: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE, AND NATIONAL EXAMPLES FROM FRANCE
Authors: Arrouays D. , Richer-de-Forges A. C. , McBratney A. B. , Hartemink A. E. , Minasny B. , Savin I. , Grundy M. , Leenaars J. G. B. , Poggio L. , Roudier P. , Libohova Z. , McKenzie N. J. , Van den Bosch H. , Kempen B. , Mulder V. L. , Lacoste M. , Chen S. , Saby N. P. A. , Martin M. P. , Román Dobarco M. , Cousin I. , Loiseau T. , Lehmann S. , Caubet M. , Lemercier B. , Walter C. , Vaudour E. , Gomez C. , Martelet G. , Krasilnikov P. , Lagacherie P.
Published: December 2018

Soils have critical relevance to global issues, such as food and water security, climate regulation, sustainable energy, desertification and biodiversity protec-tion. As a consequence, soil is becoming one of the top priorities for the global environmental policy agenda. Conventional soil maps suffer from large limita-tions, i.e. most of them are static and often obsolete, are often generated at coarse scale, and can be uneasy to handle. Digital Soil Mapping has been developed as a solution to generate high-resolution maps of soil properties over large areas. Two projects, GlobalSoilMap and SoilGrids, presently aim at delivering the first generation of global, high-resolution soil property fine grids. In this paper, we briefly describe the GlobalSoilMap history, its present status and present achievements, and illustrate some of these with (mainly) French examples. At given moment there is still an enormous potential for forthcoming research and for delivering products more helpful for end users. Key here is the continuous progress in available covariates, in their spatial, spectral and temporal coverage and resolution through remote sensing products. All over the world, there is still a very large amount of point soil data still to be rescued and this effort should be pursued and encouraged. Statistically advances are expected by exploring and implementing new models. Especially relevant are spatial-temporal models and contemporary Artificial Intelligence for handling the complex big data. Advances should be made and research efforts are needed on estimating the uncertainties, and even on estimating uncertainties on uncertainties. Attempts to merge different model strategies and products (for instance deriving from different covariates, spatial extents, soil data sources, and models) should be made in order to get the most useful information from each of these predictions, and to identify how controlling factors may change depending on scales.
PROPOSALS TO THE RUSSIAN SOIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM ON THE BASIS OF THE ANALYSIS OF THE SOIL MAP OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (1 : 2.5 M SCALE, 1988)
Authors: Gerasimova M. I. , Ananko T. V. , Konyushkov D. E.
Published: December 2018

The analysis of the Soil Map of the Russian Federation (1 : 2.5 M scale, 1988) with identification of soils shown in each polygon in categories of the classification system of Russian soils (2004, 2008) is the first stage of work on creating the new digital soil map of Russia. It demonstrated the need to introduce a number of amendments to the classification system. They concern the definitions and names of diagnostic horizons and diagnostic features of soils. Thus, it is suggested that the mucky–dark humus horizon AH should be renamed as the mucky–humus horizon (as its properties do not fit the definition of the dark humus horizon in the system). Several new diagnostic features are introduced; for permafrost-affected soils, supra-permafrost accumulation of organic matter is designated by symbol cro. It is also suggested that the lists of soils at the subtype level, which reflects the development of certain diagnostic features, should be more flexible without their "rigid" linking to the given types. The aim of these changes is to reflect the accumulated information on the diversity of soils in Russia as displayed on the Soil Map of the Russian Federation (1988) and in the State Register of Soil Resources more adequately in the new classification system of Russian soils.
DO WE NEED THE GENUS LEVEL IN THE RUSSIAN SOIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM?
Authors: Gerasimova M. I.
Published: December 2018

The level of genus in the “Classification and diagnostics of soils of the USSR”, 1977 is discussed as applied for diverse purposes. It was very often required in soil surveys to indicate details of soil processes, current or inherited features when compiling small- and medium-scale soil maps. In the recent classification of Russian soils, genus level is mostly used for the analytical characteristics of soils, whereas its former functions were transferred to the subtype level; for example, red color of parent material corresponds to “red-profile” subtype. In the updated classification system of soils of Russia, it is proposed to expand the sphere of the genus level application over a broader set of phenomena, to update the criteria for different genera, and to arrange genera in groups like those for genetic properties, which serve as criteria to identify subtypes. The following preliminary groups of genera may be specified: analytical including genera related to chemical soil pollution, lithological (particular parent materials), temporal for ephemeral features, pedogenetic – disclosing or indicating mechanisms of soil processes.
PHYSICAL FRACTIONS OF GRAY FOREST SOIL OF VLADIMIR’S OPOLE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH CROP PRODUCTIVITY OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS
Authors: Rogova O. B. , Kolobova N. A. , Karpova D. V. , Ivanov A. L.
Published: December 2018

In the physical fractions of gray forest soil (agroseraya typical): clay (up to d = 0.001 мм), light (lighter than 2 g/cm3) and the residue fraction, the contents of total carbon and phosphorus (total, organic and mineral forms) were determined. We have found that fertilizing increased the content of total carbon in the soil after 20 years of rotation system. Content of light fractions also increased. Mineral fertilizers reduced the content of organic carbon in the light fractions of this soils, this effect requires further study. The application of lime and manure reduced the content of clay fraction, but increased the content of total carbon in it. The yield of cereals and perennial grasses depended little on the amount of total carbon in the soil and its clay and light fractions. In this case, its feedback is established with the content of light fraction and carbon in the residue. The yield of grain crops is proportional to the proportion of mineral phosphates and weakly dependent on organic forms in the subsurface horizon. In general, the yield of cereals increases with the application of mineral fertilizers. The effect of manure was less pronounced.
Sera Domatesi Yetiştiriciliğinde Farklı Yaprak Budama Tekniklerinin Verim ve Meyve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Ildır Muhammet İbrahim , Aktaş Hakan
Published: December 2018

Bu

çalışmada, sera domatesi yetiştiriciliğinde farklı yaprak budama tekniklerinin

verim ve meyve kalitesi üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir.  Vitellio F1 sırık domates çeşidi kullanılarak

6 farklı budama şekli 3 tekerrürlü olarak denenmiştir. 1. Budama şekli

(Kontrol) : Yetiştirme periyodu boyunca bitkiden hiç yaprak alınmamıştır. 2.

Budama şekli: Hasada gelen salkımın altındaki yapraklar alınmış üstündeki

yapraklar ise budanmamıştır. 3. Budama şekli: 1. Salkım kızarmaya başladığında

3. salkıma kadar ara yapraklar alınıp, salkımların karşısındaki yapraklar

bırakılmıştır. İkinci salkım kızardığında ise 4. salkıma kadar aynı uygulama

yapılıp, çalışma bu şekilde devam ettirilmiştir. 4. Budama şekli: 1. Salkım

kızarmaya başladığında 3. salkıma kadarki iki ara yapraktan üstte olan alınıp,

salkımların karşısındaki yapraklar bırakılmıştır. 2. salkım kızardığında ise 4.

salkıma kadar aynı uygulama yapılmış ve çalışma üst salkımlar için de bu

şekilde devam ettirilmiştir.  5. Budama

şekli: 4 numaralı budama şeklinden tek farkı iki salkım arasındaki iki

yapraktan alttaki yaprağın budanmasıdır. 6. Budama şekli: 1. Salkımın meyveleri

ceviz büyüklüğünde iken 1. salkımın altındaki yapraklar alınmıştır. 1. Salkım

kızarmaya başladığında 3. salkıma kadar olan tüm yaprakları alınıp, 2. salkım

kızarmaya başladığında ise 4. salkıma kadar aynı uygulamalar yapılmış ve

çalışma bu şekilde devam ettirilmiştir. Ayrıca 2-3-4-5-6 numaralı budama

modellerinde hasadı bitmiş salkımın altındaki yaprakların tamamı alınmıştır. Bu

sonuçlara göre kontrol parselinden en yüksek toplam verim, en iyi meyve dış

görünüş, en düşük erkenci verim, en düşük yaprak indeksi ve en zayıf renk

değerleri sonuçlarına ulaşılmış olup, 6 numaralı parselden en yüksek erkenci

verim ve en düşük ortalama meyve ağırlığı değerleri elde edilmiştir. Meyve

kalite parametreleri açısından ise en yüksek değerler 4 ve 5 numaralı

parsellerden elde edilmiştir.
Savonius Rüzgâr Türbini (İkili ve Üçlü) Kanat Çevresi Akışının Sayısal Analizi
Authors: Kılıç Faruk , Göktaş Mustafa
Published: December 2018

Yapılan

bu çalışmada, ikili ve üçlü kanat dikey tip Savonius rüzgâr türbinlerinin kanat

çevresindeki hava akışı Ansys Fluent ticari yazılımı ile sayısal olarak elde

edilmiştir. 6 m/s rüzgâr hızı için farklı türbin açılarında (0°, 45° ve 90°)

analiz yapılmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda kanat çevresinde farklı hız ve

basınç dağılımları incelenmiştir. İkili kanat çevresinde oluşan en yüksek

rüzgâr hızı 13,8 m/s iken üçlü kanatta bu hızın 13,4 m/s olduğu gözlenmiştir.

Ayrıca ikili kanatta en yüksek basınç oluşumu 28,52 Pa etkin basınçta iken üçlü

kanatta 28.92 Pa olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE SPEED AND STRENGTH QUALITIES DEVELOPMENT LEVEL IN THE STUDENTS’ TEAM OF THE BAUMAN MOSCOW STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN HAND-TO-HAND COMBAT
Authors: MASLYUKOV Andrei Vyacheslavovich , SMIRNOV Alexey Gennadievich
Published: December 2018

We present experimental data aimed at the speed and strength qualities development of Bauman Moscow State Technical University students, engaged in hand-to-hand combat. The speed and strength qualities development is a part of the special training of athletes in hand-to-hand combat. We created the program with exercise sets to develop specific speed and strength skills. Exercises aim at developing the muscles of the abdominal press, arms and legs. The program was 3 times a week in the preparatory part of the training after a good workout and took 15 minutes to complete. Analysis of changes in the speed and strength qualities development level, fighters in the pedagogical experiment, confirmed the positive impact of the means, methods and organizational forms used. Positive changes in the speed and strength qualities development level reflect the age-related influence of targeted pedagogical influence, as evidenced by more pronounced changes in the indices of the fighters of the experimental group compared to the control one. So the experimental program positive influence on the results of students engaged in hand-to-hand combat has been experimentally confirmed.
DEVELOPMENT OF COORDINATION ABILITIES OF YOUNG MEN INVOLVED IN BASKETBALL AT THE STAGE OF INITIAL TRAINING
Authors: BOGDANOV Mikhail Yurevich , RYAZANOV Anton Aleksandrovich , ALFEROV Oleg Mikhaylovich
Published: December 2018

At the present stage of development, basketball as a team game is gaining more and more fans. Basketball is characterized by a large number of techniques performed in rapidly changing conditions. These circumstances confirm the relevance of the development of the coordination abilities of young basketball players. The methodology for developing the coordination abilities of basketball players involved in the initial training phase is presented. This technique consists of two blocks: 1 – aimed at the development of sleight of hand; 2 – on the correct work of the legs. Four tests were selected showing the level of development of coordination abilities. Tests were carried out at the beginning and at the end of the experiment in the control and experimental group. The data of the statistical processing of the results showed that the results of the experimental group were significantly higher in the three tests. Only in one test the reliability of the results was not confirmed. Thus, the conducted study proves that the introduction of exercises in the training process for the development of sleight of hand and the correct operation of the legs, can significantly increase the level of development of coordination abilities, and requires the finalization of exercises that contribute to the development of accuracy of hit shots from an average distance.
EFFECTIVENESS METHODS EVALUATION OF PHYSICAL REHABILITATION WITH THE USE OF MODERN STANDING FRAME “IRIGO” FOR MEN FROM 55 TO 60 YEARS AFTER SUFFERING A STROKE
Authors: LERNER Viktoriya Leonidovna , DERYABINA Galina Ivanovna , TERENTEVA Olga Sergeevna , POLETAEVA Kseniya Alekseevna
Published: December 2018

Rehabilitation treatment after stroke is an important link in the rehabilitation of patients and aims to: increase overall body tone; the production of active movements by means of an inhibition; prevention of pathological conditions: persistent movement disorders, contractures and ankylosis; the struggle with increased muscle tone and synkinesis; prevention of complications in connection with the forced lack of exercise; identification, restoration and compensation of motor skills. The study of the manifestation of motor disorders in patients with hemorrhagic stroke, leads to the conclusion that the early verticalization and exercises on the standing frame “Irigo” allow: activate the cardiovascular system; set an intense afferent relationship, which stimulates the ability of nerve cells to “retrain” and to a certain extent to take on the duties of the dead, compensate for their inaction; reduce the risk of secondary complications. On the basis of theoretical analysis of literature sources and results obtained after diagnostic tests, the authors developed a method of physical rehabilitation with the use of innovative tools and methods for men from 55 to 60 years after suffering a hemorrhagic stroke at the outpatient treatment stage. To assess the effectiveness of the developed technique for the rehabilitation of men after suffering a hemorrhagic stroke, the authors felt it appropriate to use the following tests of functional and musculoskeletal status: timed inspiratory capacity (the Stange test), a orthostatic test, a simplified Romberg test, goniometry of elbow joint, the test “the distance traveled in 1 minute”, test “the board with figures”.
ROLE OF THE POLITICAL AND CULTURAL EDUCATIONAL CENTRES IN THE PEASANT MASSES UNIFICATION ON THE TERRITORY OF KURSK PROVINCE IN 1920–1927s: PECULIARITIES AND FIRST RESULTS
Authors: RYADNYKH Aleksander Yuryevich
Published: December 2018

We study one of the most specific forms of work to build political and cultural educational centres in the peasant masses unification. That work was not directly connected with administrative and command methods. We analyze the stages, organization and means for the implementation of the Soviet campaign to strengthen the political education and cultural level centers in the cohesion of the peasant masses held in 1920–1927s. We make a comparison of educational work in the centers of political education with ideological aspects that allows us to trace the dynamics of the Soviet power interaction with the population of the province in the peasant masses formation and consolidation around the Soviet government. We describe the legal formation of the political education centers on the Kursk province territory. During the socialist construction the Council of People’s Commissars adopted a Decree “On cultural and educational work in the village”. The main purpose was to attract as many peasant workers as possible in the country, who were given the right to vote. The young Soviet state needed specialists of the cultural and political education to create a new management structure. In addition, there was a need for qualified personnel in the workplace, who could convey information to the masses. This material explains the basic prerequisites of the cultural and political construction centers, defines the main tasks of the proletariat in the cultural and political education in raising the cultural level of the masses. We consider the role of the mass political work centers in improving the activity of political education, which contributed to the governance of the state, introducing to the political life of the country in addressing the most important social issues of the village.
LIBRARY WORKERS OF RUSSIA AND TAMBOV REGION
Authors: BORISOV Boris Vladimirovich
Published: December 2018

For the first time we examine the little-studied aspect of the history of library science – its relationship with prominent figures of the Tambov Region. Some of them are connected with the region by the place of birth, some – by the place of life and activity, some – through their students. The first two categories are discussed in details: biographical data of persons are given, their contribution to the development of national culture and library science is characterized. The influence of the capital scientists on the formation and development of library education in the Tambov land and the formation of the library research direction in the Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin are particularly highlighted. Chronologically we cover pre-Soviet, Soviet and post-Soviet periods of the history of national culture. In total, we analyze the activities of 16 theorists and practitioners of library science and bibliography.
SELECTION FEATURES OF THE SUBJECT SIDE OF THE CONTENT OF ENGLISH TEACHING TO STUDENTS OF “JURISPRUDENCE” PROGRAMME
Authors: ZAVYALOV Vladimir Vladimirovich
Published: December 2018

We examine the main trends in foreign language teaching for professional communication in high school students of the “Jurisprudence” programme, the impact of studying on the formation of general cultural and professional competences, as well as differentiation on various training profiles and their influence on the future professional activity. Allocation of training profiles for law students are conditioned both by the capabilities of a particular higher education institution and by the needs of the region for specialists with fundamental knowledge in certain areas of law. In most universities of the Russian Federation within the framework of the “Jurisprudence” programme, three training profiles are distinguished: state law, criminal law, and civil law. Within the framework of the model of integrated subject-language learning of a foreign language for professional communication, the subject content of training should be correlated with the future professional activity of students and the profile of training. The analysis of the main modern vocational education programs (OPOP) in the “Jurisprudence” programme of most universities in the country indicates that the subject content of foreign language teaching is invariant for all training profiles and does not reflect the specifics of the future professional activity of graduates. We describe the specifics of training for each profile in the framework of the “Jurisprudence” programme and highlight the subject content of English teaching to students of state law, civil law, and criminal law training profiles.
SELECTION OF A SYSTEM OF COMPUTER SCIENCE TEACHING METHODS USING A SOFTWARE PACKAGE
Authors: KITAEVSKAYA Tatyana Yurevna , TIGROV Vyacheslav Petrovich
Published: December 2018

We discuss the problem of designing a system of teaching methods in the context of the dynamics of the external information environment. The necessity of attracting technology that makes it possible to quickly select the methods of organizing the educational and cognitive activities of students by automating the processing of a database containing large data sets of available general, special and particular didactic methods and their functional suitability is substantiated. The problem is solved using formalized methods. The factors affecting the selection of a system of teaching methods are identified. An algorithm for designing a system of teaching methods is developed in accordance with the necessary restrictions reflecting a system of factors determining a complex of effective methods for studying didactic units and modules of the content of the discipline. The developed algorithm is implemented as a software package. This complex is a means of supporting the decision making of choosing a system of computer science teaching methods and allows the teacher to make an informed selection of the most effective teaching methods in automatic or automated modes, taking into account personal preferences. The universality of the complex consists in the possibility of modifying the database in accordance with the specifics of specific academic disciplines, which makes it possible to use it in the education system.
LINGUOCOGNITIVE FOUNDATIONS OF TEACHING NEGATION IN ENGLISH: LEXICAL ASPECT
Authors: MOTOV Sergey Vladimirovich
Published: December 2018

The necessity for search of new possibilities for optimization of foreign languages teaching is grounded in a number of peculiarities of the educational process, its communicative alignment and cultural base. The integration of cognitive linguistics into the structure of English lessons meets the requirements of both teaching language in its connection with the culture of the country and communicative nature of such an education. The linguocognitive approach to teaching allows a successful implementation of the principles and methods of cognitive science for improving the efficiency of foreign lexis teaching, which was proven by a number of experimental studies. One of the main aspects of teaching lexis – teaching of lexical and phraseological units bearing negative meaning is being studied. There was evidence given for importance of negation in the structure of communicative acts, which allows to convey the meanings of absence, discrepancy, negative evaluation and communicative reaction, whereas the knowledge of the broad spectrum of the ways for representing negation in language is crucial for a successful communicative-oriented education as a fundamental principle for structuring of modern foreign language teaching. Negation is also considered as a culture-conditioned category, which is significant in linguoculture education. A number of evidences is provided to corroborate accordance of negation teaching with a number of criteria for comprehensive and balanced education.
FORMATION OF TEENAGERS’ LEGAL CULTURE: ESSENCE AND IMPACT FACTORS
Authors: KHARNIKOV Maksim Viktorovich
Published: December 2018

We give the definition of the essence of the formation of teenager’s legal culture, which is understood as a purposeful, specially organized, managed social and pedagogical process that provides the assimilation of legal knowledge by teenagers, the manifestation of the legal position in socially useful activities. We also consider the impact factors of formation of legal culture of a modern teenager in society. The leading factors affecting teenager’s legal culture include a single national policy in the field of legal culture (“Fundamentals of State Policy of the Russian Federation in the Field of Legal Literacy and Legal Awareness of Citizens”), the organization of space for the participation of teenagers in socially significant activities and for the implementation of legal education (for example, the program “Do not Stumble!”), socializing the potential of the family in the process of legal education, the impact on the legal culture of the teenager media, first of all, Internet (methodical recommendations about placement on information stands, official Internet sites and other information resources of the educational organizations and bodies exercising management in the sphere of education, information on safe behavior and use of the Internet), legal education of teenagers in educational institution, attraction of the new subjects influencing formation of legal culture (interdepartmental interaction) (it is considered on the example of activity of the Children’s rights ombudsman and legal clinics), influence of features of teenage age.
THEATRICAL DISCUSSION FORMS IN THE ACTIVITIES OF STUDENT SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES
Authors: PANKOVA Elena Igorevna
Published: December 2018

We analyze the potential of technologies of social and cultural activities used in the practice of student scientific societies, which are aimed at maximum activation of the audience, and ensuring the multilateral interaction of participants in discussion programs. The experience of implementing complex social and cultural events stimulating the all-round development of young researchers is considered, which include panel discussions and scientific battles (scientific stand-ups). The format of the scientific stand-up or scientific battle (Science Slam) is a special kind of scientific conference held in the format of a party, in which young people from different branches of science compete in a witty and fascinating presentation of information on the results achieved. The format of the panel discussion is supposed to be the statement of several experts who set forth different points of view on the subject under discussion, after which the moderator invites the others present to ask questions to the speakers. Panel discussion implies an exchange of views on a given topic, as well as receiving answers from experts for questions of interest to the audience. Panel activities can be accompanied by entertaining episodes and informal audience communication. The Science Slam format does not only have an entertaining mission, but within this intellectual show young scientists go to the microphone, try to make their performances not only informative and capacious, but also funny, provocative, memorable and emotional. Due to the peculiarities of different formats, there are wide opportunities for using theatrical forms of organization of scientific discussion, manifestations of individual initiative and creativity.
PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS OF FIRST YEAR CADETS ADAPTATION TO STUDY AT THE MILITARY UNIVERSITY
Authors: YAKOVLEV Vladimir Vladimirovich , SELITRENIKOVA Tatyana Anatolevna , STAROV Mikhail Ivanovich
Published: December 2018

We consider the aspects of adaptation to the process of training and physical education of first year cadets. Problems and aspects of physiological adaptation are designated and its connection with activity of cardiovascular system of an organism of first year cadets is shown. The main factor of the considered process of physiological adaptation is shown. The relevance of the study of adaptive mechanisms of the body of first year cadets during the beginning of their training in the military university is proved. The necessity of increasing the volume of physical activity for more successful adaptation of first year cadets to training in a military university is proved. Reflects the results of exposure to prolonged and regular physical activity, compatible with the normal functioning of the organism in which the person developing his adaptive functional reorganization. Studies of functional possibilities of cardiovascular system of first year cadets to specify Robinson's index (for the purpose of quantitative characteristics of the systolic heart function). The estimation of these parameters is necessary to complete the definition of adaptation possibilities of organism of first year cadets. The results of the study of heart rate, systolic blood pressure at rest are also reflected. All studies are aimed at determining the effectiveness of the implementation of the developed system of physical education of first year cadets, aimed at improving the adaptive capacity of their body, to improve the educational process in the military university.
Atomic Structure and Binding of Carbon Atoms
Authors: Ali Mubarak
Published: December 2018

Many studies discuss carbon-based materials because of the versatility of the carbon element. They present different sorts of understandings fairly at convincing and compelling levels. A gas state carbon atom converts into its various states depending on the conditions of processing. The electron transfer mechanism in the gas state carbon atom is responsible for its conversion to various states namely, graphite, nanotube, fullerene, diamond, lonsdaleite and graphene. The shape of energy responsible to transfer electron from the sides (east- and west-poles) of its atom is like parabola that is linked to states where exerted force to relevant poles of transferring electron (from filled state to nearby unfilled state) is remained neutral. So, the mechanism of forming different states of a gaseous carbon atom is under a bit non-conserved involving energy, which is not the case for atoms executing their confined inter-state electron-dynamics. Structure evolved in graphite, nanotube and fullerene states have one-dimensional, two-dimensional and four-dimensional atoms, respectively, and the associated energy curve is like parabola indicating transfer of electrons under neutral exertion of forces to their relevant poles. The graphite structure under only attained-dynamics of atoms is also developed but in two-dimension where engaged binding energy between them is under an influence of a small difference between involved forces of their opposite poles. Structural evolution in diamond, lonsdaleite and graphene atoms involve potential energy of electrons required to undertake infinitesimal displacements under orientationally-controlled exerting forces to their relevant poles. In this study, the growth of diamond was found to be from south to ground in which the atoms were bound in ground to south indicating tetra-electrons ground to south topological structure. Lonsdaleite showed a bi-electrons ground to just-south topological structure. The growth of graphene was just-north to ground; however, the binding of atoms was ground to just-north showing tetra-electrons ground to just-north topological structure. Glassy carbon exhibits layered-topological structure which successively binds tri-layers of gas, graphite and lonsdaleite state atoms in the repetitive manner. In this case, pair of orientated electrons of gas atoms and lonsdaleite atoms in their layers take another clamping of pair of unfilled energy knots by entering from the rear-side and front-side, respectively and to bind to intermediate layers of graphitic carbon atoms. Different carbon atoms develop amorphous structures when they bind under frustrating amalgamation. Hardness of carbon-based materials was also sketched in the light of different force-energy behaviors of different state carbon atoms. Here, structure evolution in each carbon state atom explores its own science.
Damage Characterisation of Nanointerleaved Woven CFRP Under Fatigue Loading
Authors: Fotouhi Sakineh , Fotouhi Mohamad , Saghafi Hamed , Minak Giangiacomo , Fragassa Cristiano
Published: December 2018

The use of high strength to weight ratio laminated composites is emerging in marine industry and applications as a very efficient solution for improving productivity. Nevertheless, delamination between the layers is a limiting factor for the wider application of laminated composites, as it reduces the stiffness and strengths of the structure. Interleaving nanofibrous mats between layers of composite laminates has been proved to be an effective method for improving composites delamination resistance. This paper aims to characterize the effect of interleaved nanofiber on mode I interlaminar properties and failure mechanisms when subjected to static and fatigue loadings. For this purpose, virgin and nanomodified woven laminates were subjected to Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) specimens. Static and fatigue tests were performed and the tests were monitored by acoustic emission technique. The mechanical results showed a 130% increase of delamination toughness for nanomodified specimens in the static loadings and more crack growth resistance in the fatigue loading. The AE results revealed that different type of failure mechanisms was the cause of these improvements for the modified specimens compared with the virgin ones.
Modification of Prandtl Wind Tunnel
Authors: Sun Bohua
Published: December 2018

Wind tunnels are devices that enable researchers to study the flow over objects of interest, the forces acting on them and their interaction with the flow, which is nowadays playing an increasingly important role due to noise pollution. Since the first closed circuit wind tunnel with variable cross-section was built in G¨ottingen, its Prandtl configuration has little change. The wind tunnel with Prandtl configuration has four corners and vanes, more than 50% of the total pressure loss are caused by the corners and vanes. How to reduce the total pressure loss is a world class problem in the wind tunnel design. This study attempts to propose a novel configuration of wind tunnel, where the corners have been replaced by semi-circular tunnel. Sun wind tunnel 2 has only two corners and vanes, while Sun wind tunnel 1 has no  corners and vanes at all. It is expected the new wind tunnel can reduce the total pressure loss from 50% to 10%.
Highly Sensitive Formaldehyde Detection Using Well-Aligned Zinc Oxide Nanosheets Synthesized by Chemical Bath Deposition Technique
Authors: Kim Eun-Bi , Seo Hyung Kee
Published: December 2018

Detection of formaldehyde is very important in terms of life protection, as it can cause serious injury to eyes, skin, mouth and gastrointestinal function if indirectly inhaled and hence researchers are putting effort in developing novel and sensitive device. In this work, we have fabricated an electro-chemical sensor in the form of a field effect transistor (FET) to detect formaldehyde over wide range (10 nM to 1 mM). For this, ZnO nanosheets (NS) were first synthesized by hydrothermal method with in-situ deposition on cleaned SiO2 coated Si (100) substrate. The synthesized materials were characterized for morphology and purity and surface area (31.718 m2/g). The developed device was tested for formaldehyde detection at room temperature that resulted in a linear response with concentration (96%), sensitivity value of 0.27 mA/M/cm2 and a low detection limit of 210 nM, and a high 0.93194 return.
One of the 2G Bioethanol Queries: Straw Volume
Authors: LU Yangsheng , Liu Robert S.P. , Thomsen Jens Kirk
Published: December 2018

There are some controversies about 2G bioethanol and it is in need of a reliable test data in order to make a further analysis and proof. In collecting basic data from three classes of typical raw materials, such as wheat, maize stalk juice, and straw, it was found that 4.32 tons straw or 3.358 tons wheat is needed to produce 1-ton bioethanol. Using the coefficient of variation calculation and analysis method, it is able to obtain the C.V. value of straw fermentation efficiency 0.08932<0.15, indicating the fermentation technology and process of 2G bioethanol is already quite mature and reliable, without risk, and also with a raw material cost advantage. There is a problem in that the C.V. value of straw volume is 1.2648>0.95, indicating 2G bioethanol is in an extremely high-risk area. Using the straw volume calculation method, building and its costs – capital expenditure of 2G bioethanol plant is approximately seven times that of a wheat ethanol plant. This should be some of the important reasons why it is noncompetitive, extremely high price, and requiring government subsidies. Straw volume data study has caused the 2G bioethanol plant to require more cement, steel, equipment, and other materials. Thus, there are ample reasons to question the CO2 emissions and its carbon footprint of 2G bioethanol plant. Actually, the volume is not the only existing problem, it is necessary to re-evaluate and discuss the definition of 2G bioethanol and its future.