bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION AND IMPRINT CYTOLOGY OF HEAD AND NECK LESIONS (COMPARATIVE STUDY)
Authors: Ibraheem Ban , Garib Balkees , Khudier Hassanain
Published: January 2020

Background 

Fine needle aspiration cytology has been considered as the first-step procedure for microscopic evaluation of any mass or swelling in the head and neck area and the entire body following taking a full history and physical examination. It is considered as an alternative procedure to open surgical biopsy. On the other hand, imprint cytology is a well-recognized simple technique. Imprint cytology can be used as an adjunct to or as a substitute for frozen section method; since it has been proven to be more efficient than frozen section, and has higher concordance with histological results

Objectives 

To improve clinical and diagnostic cytological experiences among oral pathologists, compare the results of cytological techniques with that of routine histopathological findings, and specify the merits and pitfalls of the above techniques.

Materials and Methods

A prospective study is conducted on 66 patients indicated for FNA. In 27 cases, histological examinations were available for comparison with cytological diagnosis, among which 20 cases had imprint cytology. All samples were stained with H&E and Pap stain, while salivary gland lesions were additionally stained with Diff-quick. Cytological specimens were compared with the histopathological examination to find diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV).

Results

Fine needle aspiration cytology was performed on 62 patients, 25 males, and 37 females. The total benign lesions were the commonest (46.7%), followed by inflammatory lesions (38.7%), then malignant lesions (14.5%). The overall diagnostic accuracy of FNAC was 88.8%. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 75%, 94.7%, 85.7%, and 90% respectively. Whereas in imprint cytology 4 cases were diagnosed as malignant, 11 cases as benign and 5 cases as inflammatory. The diagnostic accuracy of imprint cytology was 90%. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 66.6%, 100%, 100%, 87.5%, and 90% respectively. 

Conclusion

Fine needle aspiration cytology FNAC showed 88.8% diagnostic accuracy, while imprint cytology has a slightly higher diagnostic accuracy of 90% for head and neck lesion.
EFFECT OF THREE DIFFERENT SURFACE TREATMENT PROTOCOLS ON MICROMORPHOLOGY AND BOND STRENGTH OF TWO TYPES OF REPAIRED COMPOSITE RESTORATIONS (IN VITRO STUDY)
Authors: HamaXareeb Azheen , Faraj Bestoon
Published: January 2020

Background 

Repair bond strength of different composite resins has been assessed in the literature. Clinical findings on the efficacy of available surface treatment protocols are debated. 

Objectives

This in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three different surface treatment protocols on the bond strength of microhybrid and nanohybrid composite resins.

Materials and Methods

Sixty cured composite specimens divided equally into 2 groups, microhybrid and nanohybrid composite resins. Each group divided equally into 3 subgroups specific to surface treatment protocols; Group A-(Application by erbium YAG Laser), Group B-(Diamond bur abrading followed by 35% phosphoric acid etching), and Group C-(9.5% Hydrofluoric acid etching and primer bonding). All the specimens were stored for 1 week in distilled water at 37°C using an incubator. After this period they were subjected to 500 thermocycles between 5°C and 55°C, with 30s dwell time. Surface micromorphology of the above composite resins was evaluated after surface treatment by using a scanning electron microscope. Composite blocks were repaired with the same composite type but of a different color. Then micro shear bond strength findings analyzed statistically.

Results

Microhybrid composite showed significantly higher bond strength. Hydrofluoric acid etching combined with primer bonding was significantly superior to the other two methods.

Conclusions

Microhybrid composite showed a better repair bond strength compared with nanohybrid composite. Among the assessed preparation protocols, group C showed the higher bond strength, followed by group B and group A showed the lowest repair bond strength.
VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH HYPOTHYROIDISM
Authors: Mahwi Taha , Mahmood Neveen
Published: January 2020

Background 

Vitamin D has a major role in autoimmune diseases, the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in a variety of body tissues including thyrocytes, it’s suggested that there is a potential role of vitamin D in the development of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and its progression to hypothyroidism. Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide problem that has health consequences.

Objectives 

To evaluate the association of vitamin D deficiency in hypothyroid patients in Sulaimani Governorate.

Methods

In this study 200 participants were included; consisted of 100 diagnosed hypothyroid patients and 100 healthy controls; age range was matched. All subjects (n = 200) were evaluated for 25(OH) vitamin D. Thyroid autoantibody [anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin (anti-TG)] levels with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4) were measured in group 1.

Results

Serum 25(OH) vitamin D level was significantly lower in hypothyroid patients (13.6 ± 11.4ng/ml) than in controls (24.1 ± 20.7ng/ml), (P < 0.001). 83% of hypothyroid cases were vitamin D deficient, which is significantly more than control 54% (P< 0.001). (100) hypothyroid cases were correlated to anti-TPO and anti-Tg; (83) case had vitamin D deficiency, (66) and (46) cases of vitamin D deficient group were anti-TPO, anti-Tg positive respectively (P-value =0.42, P-value =0.13). 

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that patients with hypothyroidism present with lower vitamin D levels than healthy controls; deficiency of vitamin D was linked to the presence of antithyroid antibodies.
HIGH RATE WEIGHT GAIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES
Authors: Khalil Rozhan , Shamdeen Maida , Omer Raz
Published: January 2020

Background 

Excessive gestational weight gain and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) significantly increase morbidity and mortality for both the mother and the fetus. 

Objectives 

To assess maternal weight gain at 28 weeks of gestation in women developing GDM compared with pregnant women without GDM.

Patients and Methods

This study is a case-control study of weight gain in pregnant women at 28 weeks of gestation. Data analysis of weight gain was obtained in 225 pregnant women (75 cases of GDM and 150 pregnant women without GDM-controls).

Results

Two hundred twenty-five women (GDM group of 75 women and 150 control pregnant women) were evaluated. Demographics characteristics of both groups (case-controls) were compatible. There was a significant difference between mean weight gain among GDM groups (17.36 ±2.89) in comparison to mean weight gain in controls groups (15.67± 2.34) giving a P-value =0.001. Furthermore, we subdivided the rate of weight gain into three categories: pregnant women who gained weight 0-10kg, 10-20, and above 20kg. There was a significant difference according to these categories, 25.3% of women with GDM had an increase of weight of more than 20 kg while only 7.3% of women without GDM increased their weight more than 20kg making P-value=0.001.

Conclusion

Weight gain is higher in women diagnosed with GDM at 28 weeks of gestation in comparison to women without GDM.
RADIOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN PATIENTS REGISTERED AT DOTS CENTERS IN SULAIMANI, IRAQ 2010-2011
Authors: Karadakhy Kamaran
Published: January 2020

Background 

The radiological findings of pulmonary tuberculosis show considerable variations but, in most cases, they are characteristic enough to suggest the diagnosis. Chest X-Ray remains an important tool of screening and diagnosis of the disease. 

Objectives 

The current study aims to describe the radiological findings in patients treated for tuberculosis in DOTS centers in Sulaimani city.

Methods

A CXR of a total of 179 patients diagnosed with tuberculosis during 2010-2011 were checked for findings in this analysis. 

Results

The most common finding was infiltration in 127 (71%) cases followed by pleural effusion (18%), opacity (6%) and a cavity in 3% of the patients. Types of lesions were not statistically associated with age or sex. The right lung alone was the most affected side in 47% of cases, left lung in 33% and both lungs in 20% of cases. The lesions involved the upper zone in 69% of cases followed by the lower zone (16%) and the middle zone (15%). The overall mortality of these patients was 4.5%. Older age was a significant factor of death as mortality was 10.6 % in patients aged 65 and over while it was 5.8% in patients aged between 35-65 and zero in younger patients. The middle zone lesions were associated with a statistically higher mortality rate compared to the other zones. 

Conclusion

The study showed that the infiltration was the most common radiological finding, the right lung was most affected, and mortality was higher in older age and middle zone lesions. Evaluation of CXR findings of tuberculosis patients remains important both for diagnosis and follow-up.
EFFECT OF SUBLINGUAL MISOPROSTOL VERSUS INTRAVENOUS OXYTOCIN ON REDUCING BLOOD LOSS AT CESAREAN SECTION
Authors: Khalil Rozhan
Published: January 2020

Background 

Oxytocics are routinely used in an attempt to prevent excessive blood loss during cesarean section. Misoprostol, a potent uterotonic agent, has been reported to be useful in the prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage by several investigators but its use during cesarean section has not been described.

Objectives 

To compare the effectiveness of sublingual misoprostol administered immediately after delivery of the neonate at cesarean section under spinal anesthesia, with intravenous oxytocin infusion in prevention of uterine atony and thereby reducing blood loss at cesarean section and prevention of postpartum hemorrhage.

Patients and Methods

This study is a prospective, comparative randomized study. One hundred women with singleton term pregnancy undergoing elective lower segment cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were included in this study, divided into two groups each group contains 50 cases, they were randomly allocated to receive either misoprostol 400 g sublingually or intravenous infusion of 20 units of oxytocin soon after delivery of the neonate. The main outcome measures were change in PCV percentage, the need for additional oxytocic and drug-related side effects are compared in both groups in this study.

Results

The PCV percentage which estimated was non significantly lower in the oxytocin group compared to the misoprostol group (32.3± 2.9 ml versus 33.1±3.2 ml; p-value = 0.23). There was a non-significant difference in mean of time of operation between two groups (33.7±5.2 in oxytocin group versus 33.8 ±3.9 in the misoprostol group, p-value=0.91). There was a need for additional oxytocic therapy in 4 cases (8%) in the oxytocin group which is lower than the misoprostol group which was 6 cases (12%). The incidence of side effects such as nausea lower in oxytocin group 2 cases (4%) vs 8 cases (16%) in misoprostol group, shivering and hyperthermia was lower in oxytocin group 1 case (2%) compared to misoprostol group 8 cases (16%) while hypotension was more in oxytocin group 6 cases (12%) vs 3 cases (6%) in misoprostol group.

Conclusions

Sublingual misoprostol was as effective as i.v. oxytocin infusion in reducing blood loss at cesarean section, and prevent postpartum hemorrhage, it offers several advantages over oxytocin, including long half-life, stability at room temperature, and oral administration, which make it a suitable uterotonic agent in low-resource areas The drug side effects were mild, transient, not life-threatening and self-limiting.
COMMON CLINICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL FINDING OF BREAST CANCER PATIENT PERFORMING BREAST MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AS DIAGNOSTIC TOOL
Authors: Amin Niyaz , Hamawandi Nizar , Shalli Alla
Published: January 2020

Background 

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women and the second cause of cancer mortality in women.

Objectives

This study aims to evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the surgical management of patients with breast cancer. 

Materials and Methods

This is an observational descriptive (retrospective and prospective) study, carried out in magnetic resonance imaging department of radiological center in Shahid Hemn teaching hospital and breast disease treatment center, Sulaymaniyah. One hundred sixty one patients screened with different breast complaint during (January of 2014- March of 2019). We focused on cases of breast cancer only were included 32 patients, also we analyzed the findings of the magnetic resonance imaging; Review was performed to determine lesion type (mass or non-mass), lesion descriptors, patient age, and biopsy. Histological findings were reviewed.

Results

Magnetic resonance imaging detected all cases of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) 13(40.6%), in which Sensitivity (100.0%), Specificity (54.5%), (PPV) Positive Predictive Value (27.1%), (NPV) Negative Predictive Value (100.0%), and accuracy (61.1%). While invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) was 10 (31.25%), 9 cases were defined as malignant lesion. It is Sensitivity (90.0%), Specificity (58.8%), Positive Predictive Value (21.4%), Negative Predictive Value (97.9%), and Accuracy (62.2%). Magnetic resonance imaging sensitivity and specificity to differentiate between benign and malignant lesion were (84.8%) and (64.9%) but, Positive Predictive value, Negative Predictive Value, and Accuracy were (58.3%), (88.1%), (72.2%) respectively. False positive were 20 (41.7%), while false negative were 5 (11.9%).

Conclusion

Magnetic resonance imaging is important in the management of breast cancer and accurate in assessing carcinoma extension and multiplicity. It is seen as being too sensitive, less specific.
COMPARISON BETWEEN CRITICAL VIEW OF SAFETY AND INFUNDIBULAR TECHNIQUE IN LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY
Authors: Ismaeil Deari , Salih Barham , Abdulla Karzan , Ezzaddin Shahow , Arif Sarmad , Saeed Dlshad
Published: January 2020

Background 

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a one of main surgical procedures that used widely for the treatment of symptomatic gallstones throughout the world. Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy has its own advantages, but bile duct injuries occur more frequently compared to the open cholecystectomy. In this study, critical view of safety (CVS) technique is compared to conventional infundibular technique (IT).

Objectives 

The aim is to compare critical view of safety with infundibular technique in laparoscopic cholecystectomy, in term of duration of the surgery and bile duct injuries (BDI).

Methods

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed for 245 patients at Sulaimani city within a period from April 13th 2015 to April 13th 2016. The patients were divided into two groups; critical view of safety was used for the first group and infundibular technique for the second. Comparison performed between the both groups for operation time and bile duct injury.

Results

The operative time was significantly reduced in CVS technique as the mean time of the operations was (33.04 min) for CVS, and (38.58 min) for IT, with significant P-value (0.013). Seventeen cases (6.93%) converted to open cholecystectomy; the conversion found more in IT group, with significant P-value (< 0.001).

Conclusion

The “critical view of safety” although needs more patience in dissections with comparison to infundibular technique, but it is found to be faster and regard as a safe technique in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Halkla İlişkilerin Gazetelerde Sunumuna Yönelik Bir Analiz
Authors: KILINÇ Özgür
Published: January 2020

Medya çeşitli konuları ve terimleri okuyucuya / izleyiciye / dinleyiciye aktarırken
konuların ve kavramların bazı boyutlarını daha fazla vurgular iken; bazı boyutlarını
ise daha geri planda bırakmaktadır. Yönetimsel bir fonksiyon olarak halkla ilişkiler
medyada çeşitli içerikler ile yer almaktadır. Filmler, gazete haberleri halkla ilişkiler
teriminin nasıl sunulduğunu incelemeyi mümkün kılan içerikleridir. Dolayısıyla halkla
ilişkiler de medyada sunulan içeriklere konu olmaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın
amacı halkla ilişkiler teriminin medyada sunulma biçimini incelemektir. Belirlenen
zaman aralığında dört gazetede halkla ilişkiler terimini içeren 73 haber içerik analizi
tekniği ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları halkla ilişkiler teriminin köşe yazısı
ve röportaja kıyasla daha çok haber içeriklerinde öne çıktığını, terimin kar amacı
taşımayan kurumlar bağlamında kullanımının daha fazla olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
Amaç kapsamında halkla ilişkilerin bilgilendirme amacının en fazla belirgin olan amaç
kategorisi olduğu saptanmıştır. Haber içeriklerinin çoğunda halkla ilişkiler terimi nötr bir
şekilde sunulmuştur.
Influence of fluorides on phase relations in the molten systems MI2O-Р2О5 Mn2O3/MIIO, МI – Li, Na, K; MII – Ni, Co
Authors: Petrenko Olga , Lavrik Ruslan , Terebilenko Kateryna , Trachevsky Volodymir , Galimova Valentyna
Published: January 2020

Addition of alkaline fluorides to molten phosphates with a composition MI2O-Р2О5-Mn2O3 and MI2O-Р2О5-MIIO (МI – Li, Na, K) gradually changes the solubility of polyvalent metals oxides and shifts the crystallization areas in the corresponding melts. The results obtained are based on solubility curves found for Mn2O3, СоО and NiO in the fluxes of MI2O-Р2О5 -MF and MI2O-Р2О5 -MF (where МI – Li, Na, K) and X-Ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The presence of 10 and 20 % mass of fluorides provides molten polyphosphates depolymerization and yields pyro- Li2MnP2O7, K2CoP2O7, Na2CoP2O7and orthophosphates Na2Mn3(P2O7)2, NaMnPO4, NaNiPO4 single crystals growth.
Hybrid-stabilized silver nanoparticles and their biological impact on hospital infections, healing wounds, and wheat cultivation
Authors: Zheltonozhskayaa Tatyana , Permyakova Nataliya , Kondratiuk Tetiana , Beregova Tetyana , Klepkoc Valeriy , Melnik Bogdan
Published: January 2020

The structure and morphology of new biocide compositions based on silver nanoparticles and silica/polyacrylamide hybrids, as well as their diverse biological effects on traditional hospital infections and wound healing and winter wheat cultivation, were studied. The compositions showed a high bactericidal effect against bacteria of the genera Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas, and fungistatic effect against the yeast genus Candida and filamentous fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Exophiala, and Fusarium. They also showed high activity in wound healing in rats and significantly changed the rate of development of winter wheat plants due to presowing treatment of seeds.
Chemical grafting of sulfo groups onto carbon fibers
Authors: Grishchenko Liudmyla , Bezugla Tetiana , Vakaliuk Anna , Zaderko Alexander , Mischanchuk Оleksandr , Zakharova Tetiana , Boldyrieva Olga , Diyuk Vitaliy
Published: January 2020

We proposed the brominated carbon cloth that made of polyacrylonitrile-based activated carbon fibers (PAN-ACFs) as a precursor to chemically and uniformly graft SO3H groups to prepare the solid acid catalyst. The thermal and catalytic properties of the sulfonated PAN-ACFs were examined by IR controlled catalytic measurements and thermal analysis. The catalytic test results showed that the sulfonated surface remarkably improved the operating efficiency in isopropanol dehydration by decreasing the reaction temperature. All PAN-ACFs with grafted SO3H groups prepared through brominated precursors can converse 100% of isopropanol into propylene at moderate temperature. They showed the highest catalytic activity compared to PAN-ACFs sulfonated with oleum and chlorosulfonic acid, which conversed only 40% and 70% of isopropanol into propylene and deactivated at the higher temperatures in the reaction medium.
The quantitative determination of Perphenazine in tablets by the spectrophotometric method as its sulfoxide obtained with diperoxyazelaic acid
Authors: Blazheyevskiy Mykola , Kucher Myhailo , Shpychak Oleh
Published: January 2020

The oxidative derivatization method using diperoxyazelaic acid for the indirect spectrophotometric determination of Perphenazine dihydrochloride is presented. Diperoxyazelaic acid is introduced as a derivatizing agent for Perphenazine, yielding sulfoxides. This reaction product was successfully employed for the spectrophotometric determination of Perphenazine dihydrochloride. The UV spectroscopic detection of sulfoxide has been proven to be the more robust and selective. The method developed allowed determination of Perphenazine dihydrochloride in the concentration range of 1–40 µg/mL. The limits of quantification (LOQ=10S) is 3.3 µg·ml-1. A new spectrophotometric method has been developed, and the possibility of the quantitative determination of Perphenazine dihydrochloride in Perphenazine Tablets has been demonstrated. The present method is precise, accurate and other inactive excipients of the drug do not interfere. RSD = 2.00%; δ=( -µ) 100%/µ = – 0.85 %).
The concept of student cognitive culture: Definition and conditions for development
Authors: Astakhova L. V.
Published: January 2020

Introduction. Nowadays, knowledge is the main resource for the innovative economy. In the information society, there is the contradiction between the gradually increasing flow of new information and the inability of users to understand it. Education, including higher vocational training, should play a key role in bridging that cognitive gap. However, the current educational standards and programmes of universities, as well as the lower level of cognitive skills and students’ competencies, do not meet the requirement to solve the global problem related to the processes for changing the knowledge structure and total informatisation of human activities. In particular, against the background of the achievements of modern epistemology, there is still no scientific-based interpretation of the student cognitive culture, which formative factors have not been also identified yet.

The aim of the present article is to define the concept of cognitive culture of a university student and the conditions for its development.

Methodology and research methods. The methodological framework of the research is based on cognitive, informative and cultural approaches to the discussed problem. The analytical-synthetic method and the method of comparative analysis were applied in the course of the research.

Results and scientific novelty. The definition of a student cognitive culture is defined on the basis of the modern principles of cognitive functioning and its subjects (unity of consciousness, unconscious and activity; co-evolution of individual, collective and social, etc.), as well as the classical model of knowledge transformation. Student involvement in all types of information activities is substantiated as the main criterion for assessing cognitive culture maturity. A technocognitive environment with integrative character is considered as the condition for development and achievement of a high level of student cognitive culture. The version of structural technocognitive environment is proposed and the content of each of the components is described.

Practical significance. The present research material is primarily addressed to the specialists involved in improving the quality of higher education. The main provisions of the article and the author’s conclusions can be employed as a theoretical basis to organise the cognitive environment at the university. To further the present research, the author intends to identify the specifics of the development of student cognitive culture in various educational fields, as well as to investigate the computer component of the student internal thinking as a part of his or her cognitive culture.
Onychomycosis Coinfected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Report of Four Cases
Authors: Jang Ye Ji , Yoon Ji Ha , Park Eun Joo , Kim Kwang Joong , Kim Kwang Ho
Published: January 2020

Patients presenting with green nail syndrome often show coinfection with fungus. A delay in the accurate diagnosis of coinfection may warrant longer treatment duration. Four patients with green nail syndrome coinfected with fungus were reviewed retrospectively. Fungal culture, cultivating Candida parapsilosis and Candida albicans, was performed in two patients' samples. The mean time of the initiation of treatment for onychomycosis after the first visit was 5.75 weeks. If green nail syndrome is suspected, screening for fungal coinfections and precise management are necessary.
OPTIMIZATION OF MICRO GAS TURBINE BY ECONOMIC, EXERGY AND ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS USING GENETIC, BEE COLONY AND SEARCHING ALGORITHMS
Authors: ALİEHYAEİ Mehdi A.
Published: January 2020

In this paper it was dealt with optimization of micro gas turbine with natural gas fuel in four configurations of simple, with regenerator, combined heat and power (CHP) and CHP with regenerator. Target function included energy and exergy efficiencies and electricity cost by considering effects of environmental pollution. Optimization procedures were genetic, bee colony and searching algorithms. Results showed that optimum air fuel ratio calculated by searching method for micro gas turbine with above-mentioned cycles were 1.7, 1.3, 1.6 and 2.3 respectively. By applying Genetic algorithm, optimum air fuel ratios were 1.40, 1.21, 1.42 and 1.82 respectively. At these points, energy efficiency obtained as 29, 34.4, 39.4 and 38.2 %, second law efficiency obtained as 61.4, 74.9, 85.4 and 57.2 %, electricity cost obtained as 0.102, 0.086, 0.075 and 0.029 US$/kWh respectively. By using bee colony algorithm, optimum air fuel ratios were 1.36, 1.13, 1.32 and 1.61 respectively. At these points, energy efficiency are 28.2, 34.3, 40.5 and 35.6 %, second law efficiency are 60.9, 75.67, 81.80 and 56.65 %, electricity costs are 0.105, 0.087, 0.073 and 0.03 US$/kWh respectively. Among these methods, Genetic algorithm was selected as best method because of best answer in optimization.
EFFECT OF MAGNETIC FIELD ORIENTATION ON NANOFLUID FREE CONVECTION IN A POROUS CAVITY: A HEAT VISUALIZATION STUDY
Authors: ZAHMATKESH İman
Published: January 2020

Effect of magnetic field orientation on free convection of several water–based nanofluids in a square porous cavity is analyzed in this study. To this aim, the heatline visualization technique is implemented for the first time. Moreover, streamlines and isotherms are employed to present fluid flow and temperature distribution. The governing equations are transformed into a dimensionless form and then solved using the finite–volume method. Computations are undertaken for different orientations and magnitudes of the imposed magnetic field in circumstances with distinct Rayleigh numbers and the nanoparticles types and volume fractions. The corresponding results are presented in terms of dimensionless distributions of streamlines, isotherms, and heatlines as well as numerical values of the flow strength and the average Nusselt number. Inspection of the results demonstrates that increase in the magnetic field strength deteriorates the heat transfer rate. This effect, however, diminishes with rise in the magnetic field inclination angle.
Los episodios de secesión-remedio. Violaciones graves y sistemáticas de los Derechos Humanos de minorías y pueblos
Authors: González Represa Gaspar
Published: January 2020

El presente paper lleva a cabo una visión general del desarrollo del concepto de autodeterminación efectuado por las Naciones Unidas tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial, desde el período del colonialismo, codificando el derecho de autodeterminación y considerando a los pueblos que lo padecieron como sujetos del mismo, hasta la aparición de episodios secesionistas y la reformulación restringida formulada en las décadas siguientes; posteriormente, será analizada la teoría del remedio de secesión como el último estadio en el proceso evolutivo de la autodeterminación en respuesta a episodios de violaciones graves y sistemáticas de derechos humanos y restricciones de las facultades de autogobierno.Recibido: 01.11.2019 Aceptado: 09.12.2019 Publicación en línea: 31.12.2019
Voluntad política para un tiempo de reformas: Presupuestos previos para abordar una reforma constitucional
Authors: Catala i Bas Alexandre H.
Published: January 2020

La gran mayoría de españoles desean que la Constitución de 1978 se reforme. Para ello es necesario o, al menos, conveniente que se den una serie de presupuestos previos: que se debata de forma racional sobre ideas, que se minimice al máximo la crispación, que se busque el consenso y que se debata desde la lealtad. El autor coincide con el sentir de gran parte de la doctrina en el sentido de que más que hablar de una reforma hay que hablar de reformas que deberían acometerse gradualmente. También en que no se trata de abrir un nuevo proceso constituyente. Advierte que una anomalía, el llamado proceso independentista catalán, no puede ser el detonante ni condicionar las reformas que se vayan a acometer. Este trabajo está realizado teniendo muy presente la actualidad política por la que se atraviesa. Por ello, junto a citas doctrinales hay constantes referencias a declaraciones de políticos en entrevistas o sesiones parlamentarias, a artículos periodísticos o a barómetros del CIS.Recibido: 30.05.2019 Aceptado: 16.12.2019 Publicación en línea: 31.12.2019
Radiografía de una propuesta olvidada: la proposición de reforma constitucional de la Junta General asturiana sobre democracia semidirecta
Authors: López Rubio Daniel
Published: January 2020

El Anteproyecto de Constitución elaborado en 1978 por la ponencia de la Comisión Constitucional contempló un amplio catálogo de mecanismos de democracia semidirecta. Tras el intento del partido radical italiano, en junio de ese mismo año, de derogar vía referéndum el sistema de financiación pública de los partidos políticos, el temor a que un empleo populista de los mismos pudiera impedir la consolidación de la arquitectura constitucional llevó al constituyente a diluir intensamente la propuesta primigenia, resultando un modelo de democracia basado, casi incontestablemente, en la representación. Casi cuarenta años después, la Junta General del Principado de Asturias lanza en 2014 una proposición de reforma constitucional a las Cortes Generales, sugiriendo recuperar parcialmente algunas de las ideas previstas en aquel Anteproyecto. El artículo pretende analizar en detalle los elementos de esta interesante propuesta, destacando sus virtudes y defectos a la luz de la experiencia comparada.Recibido: 19.07.2019 Aceptado: 16.12.2019 Publicación en línea: 31.12.2019
José Luis García Guerrero y María Luz Martínez Alarcón (dirs.). Constitucionalizando la globalización, Editorial Tirant lo Blanch, Valencia, 2019, 2 Volúmenes, 1700 pp., ISBN
Authors: Delgado Ramos David
Published: January 2020

La globalización, en sus múltiples vertientes, pero muy especialmente en sus aspectos jurídicos, económicos y sociales, ha supuesto un revulsivo jurídico-constitucional al concepto racional-normativo del constitucionalismo histórico, centrado en las esferas políticas nacionales y, en el ámbito europeo, en su contexto multinivel.
Paying Court to the Future – Ha llegado el tiempo para un Tribunal de comercio de la ASEAN?
Authors: Tatham Allan F.
Published: January 2020

Con el clima global para el comercio multilateral experimentando una marcada desaceleración y el mecanismo de solución de controversias (MSC) de la Organización Mundial del Comercio bajo una fuerte tensión, la atención ha comenzado a centrarse en la priorización de las estructuras comerciales regionales. Si bien los MSC de la ASEAN han seguido tradicionalmente un camino consensuado hacia la resolución, este documento analiza las oportunidades actuales para establecer un Tribunal de Comercio de la ASEAN (TCA) permanente. Tal entidad necesitaría encajar dentro de los límites de un paso cauteloso en el desarrollo gradual del sistema de comercio de la ASEAN basado en normas, ampliando las oportunidades para utilizar el arbitraje en controversias y para proporcionar un procedimiento para garantizar una interpretación coherente de la legislación comercial de la ASEAN.Recibido: 22.10.2019 Aceptado: 21.11.2019 Publicación en línea: 31.12.2019
Cuestiones jurídicas emergentes: un análisis a vista de pájaro
Authors: Torres Cazorla María Isabel
Published: January 2020

Este trabajo intenta hacerse eco de algunas de las ideas vertidas (como conferencia previa) en el último panel que cerraba el Congreso Hispano-Filipino celebrado en la Universidad de Deusto en junio de 2019. Pretende simplemente ofrecer una especie de telón de fondo en el que se ilustran diversos temas que pueden ser considerados “cuestiones jurídicas emergentes”. Es un conjunto de temas relativamente nuevos, donde la tecnología juega un papel de excepción, o donde no existe una regulación clara. No se trata de un trabajo conclusivo, sino de un estudio de ámbitos muy heterogéneos donde encontramos más interrogantes que respuestas. El arte, en sus diversas manifestaciones, actúa como idea guía de los distintos temas enunciados.Recibido: 02.09.2019 Aceptado: 21.11.2019 Publicación en línea: 31.12.2019
Mass immigrations in the 21st century. Case of Belgium and the Netherlands
Authors: Żelichowski Ryszard
Published: January 2020

The uncontrolled wave of immigrants to the European Union countries, which reached its peak in 2015, challenged not only the well-established system of asylum policies in the Member States but also revealed the fundamental differences among them concerning the so-called “immigration issue”. The article focuses on the mechanisms and institutions which evolved during the different waves of immigrants in Belgium and the Netherlands. It also looks for an answer to the question: is mass immigration to Europe a threat or an opportunity? Depending on one’s attitude to the topic, the answer may be positive or negative.
Italy’s approach to East–West and South–North migrations: from lack of knowledge to political use of them
Authors: Vitale Alessandro
Published: January 2020

After the end of the bipolar world, the possibility of an East–West mass migration became a new issue that took root in the Italian consciousness in forms masked by the feelings of the threat of an imminent “mass invasion” from Central and Eastern Europe. This new fear stimulated restrictive measures belatedly adopted in Italy and created a de facto unjust and imbalanced condition for new migrants from Eastern Europe because the first South–North migrations’ wave had already occurred when the regimes of Central and Eastern Europe collapsed. There are many evident similarities between the beliefs, attitudes and the use of insecurity (not based on data) of the 1990s and the current Italian migration policy. What they have in common is the incorrect perception and the misuse of it by politicians and propagandists. Immigration from Eastern Europe continues to be compared to that from the South of the world and Asia which continues to be interpreted without considering their real natures and the actual trends that characterise them. According to new studies that compared survey results with population data, contemporary Italians overestimate the number of immigrants coming from outside the EU to their country more than any other Europeans. As a result, the misuse or ignorance of the data on migrations is particularly dangerous because the devaluation of them has critical implications for policymaking.
Transport accessibility and mobility: a forecast of changes in the face of planned development of the network of expressways and motorways in Poland
Authors: Kowalski Michał , Wiśniewski Szymon
Published: January 2020

The article presents a forecast of changes in the level of transport accessibility and mobility in Poland as a result of the anticipated development of the network of expressways and motorways. The progress which has been made in this respect in the last few years in Poland is unquestionable and unrepeatable by any other European country. Will the subsequent investment plans concerning the road network of the highest parameters offer equally impressive results as far as the increase in Poland’s territorial cohesion is concerned? The aim of this article is to establish in what way the planned infrastructure investments will affect the changes in transport accessibility and mobility as well as whether they will result in the changes in traffic flows directed to Warsaw and other regional centres. To achieve this, an analysis of the present and target state of the road network in Poland was conducted from the perspective of changes in accessibility, anticipated traffic flows, and mobility. For this purpose the authors used the analyses of isochrone and accumulative accessibility in ArcMap environment and research into traffic flows and their changes in the Visum software. The conducted research showed that the planned transport network might result in induced traffic through a increase in accessibility (the central variant) with the assumption that an increase in mobility would be vented in the real face of the phenomenon of motility. The fact of opening new road sections of expressways will contribute to substantial changes in the directions of traffic flows only to a slight extent, and the only transformations concern regions with already developed fast car transport infrastructure whose functionality is limited due to the lack of its cohesion in the subsequent course or lack of a developed network of expressways and motorways.
Municipal waste in Poland: analysis of the spatial dimensions of determinants using geographically weighted regression
Authors: Antczak Elżbieta
Published: January 2020

This article provides a quantification of the territorially varied relation between socio-economic factors and the amount of municipal waste in Polish districts. For this purpose, eight causes were identified: revenue budgets, the number and area of uncontrolled dumping sites, population density, the share of working-age population, average gross monthly wages, registrations for permanent residence, and the number of tourists accommodated. The preliminary data analysis indicated that to understand waste generation in Poland at the local level it is necessary to consider regional specificity and spatial interactions. To increase the explained variability of phenomena, and emphasise local differences in the amount of waste, geographically weighted regression was applied.
Influence of Biodiesel Waste Cooking Oil on Produce Hydrocarbon Fraction by Catalytic Cracking Waste Polystyrene and its Application in Gasoline Engine
Authors: Juwono Hendro , Elliyanti Ardita , Pamungkas Firman Satria , Assari Anas , Dermawan Ahmad Hawky , Nurfitriyah Arifah
Published: January 2020

Liquid fuel from polystyrene waste and waste cooking oil biodiesel was successfully obtained through catalytic cracking using Al-MCM-41/Ceramic. The structure, morphology, acidity, and porosity of the catalyst were studied by SEM-EDX, pyridine FTIR, and N2 gas adsorption-desorption. The products of catalytic cracking were analyzed using gas chromatogram-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The highest yield was obtained at feedstock variations of 57% (P): 43% (M) with the number of hydrocarbon fractions (< C7) is 0.48%, hydrocarbon fraction (C8 - C12) is 20.99%, and hydrocarbon fraction (> C12) is 78.53% in the cracking time 1 hours. Physical characteristics were reported in the form of density, flash point, and caloric value respective. The performance of liquid fuels with commercial fuels, Premium (RON 88), and additives of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) comparisons of 225 (mL): 750 (mL): 18.25 (mL) respectively produce thermal efficiency on engine use gasoline generator sets was 28.22% at the load of 2118 Watts. Based on this research, all variations of feedstock produce liquid fuels that are in accordance with SNI 06-3506-1994 concerning the quality of gasoline fuel types.

 
Keywords: Catalytic cracking, polystyrene waste, waste cooking oil, liquid fuel
Charles Wicksteed Armstrong and positive eugenics
Authors: Falk Pedro Frederico
Published: January 2020

Charles Wicksteed Armstrong (1871-1963) was a British writer, schoolmaster, and eugenicist who lived most of his life in Brazil during three distinct periods. His experience in Brazil served to gain practical experience and knowledge to propose his positive eugenic measures in England or, especially, with Englishmen. Thus, using a variety of primary sources, with documentary and bibliographical analysis, this article seeks to show how Brazil served as an experimental eugenics’ laboratory for Armstrong. This made Armstrong confident that he possessed the necessary knowledge to fulfill his patriotic duty and to save England from racial suicide. In this context, the physical environment, health situation (mental, physical and intellectual) and heredity of an individual were important factors that could influence the survival of the people.
Limpar, medicar e educar
Authors: Bertucci Liane Maria
Published: January 2020

O artigo aborda como determinações legais e ações do governo do Paraná relacionadas à saúde pública, combinadas com prescrições municipais de Curitiba, foram publicadas e tematizadas em jornais da Capital do estado, especialmente entre os anos 1890 e o final da década de 1920, período em que a cidade e região catalisaram a economia paranaense. Os periódicos reproduziram algumas dessas determinações, transcreveram informes estatais e publicaram artigos e notas com considerações médicas, reivindicações populares e práticas relativas à saúde pública em Curitiba; além de indicarem como proposições médico-governamentais sobre salubridade e combate às doenças eram conjugadas com a educação da população em saúde e com ações contra os chamados curadores populares. Ensinamentos de Edward P. Thompson e Michel de Certeau embasam a abordagem deste artigo, que tece considerações sobre saúde pública a partir da legislação, de atos médico-governamentais e de indícios de ações cotidianas dos curitibanos.
Relação de pareceristas ad hoc (2019)
Authors: Barbanti Sinara
Published: January 2020

Resgate, volume 27 (2019), números 1 e 2 [37 e 38].
KAJIAN UJI TARIK BETON HVFA MEMADAT SENDIRI TERHADAP BETON NORMAL
Authors: Yudhanto Faisal Arya , Budi Agus Setiya , Saifullah Halwan Alfisa
Published: January 2020

Fly ash merupakan limbah industri yang dihasilkan dari pembakaran batu bara. Terdiri dari partikel yang halus, dengan kandungan silica (SiO2) yang tinggi. Sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pozzolan sebagai pengganti semen yang merupakan bahan pengikat dalam pembuatan beton. Penggunaan fly ash dalam jumlah lebih besar dari 50% disebut dengan High Volume Fly Ash Concrete (HVFAC). Untuk mengatasi permasalahan pemadatan yang kurang optimal saat pengecoran, konsep HVFAC dipadukan dengan Self Compacting Concrete (SCC). Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh penggunaan kadar fly ash 50% dan 60% terhadap kuat tarik material beton. Dengan mengkaji beberapa parameter, yaitu hubungan load-displacement, energi fraktur elastik linear dan modulus elastisitas. Eksperimen dilakukan pada beton berdimensi 10x10x40 cm, dengan kadar fly ash 50% dan 60%. Diuji dengan beban tarik secara uniaxial. Rencana mutu beton 30 MPa. Karakteristik HVFA-SCC lalu dibandingkan dengan beton normal usia 28 hari. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan, HVFA-SCC memiliki kekakuan lebih besar dari beton normal, dibuktikan dengan nilai modulus elastisitas yang lebih besar. Tepat sebelum beton putus, HVFA-SCC menghasilkan energi fraktur elastik linear yang lebih besar sehingga membentuk sinyal retak yang lebih baik sebelum terjadinya putus beton.
Chronic Heart Failure in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients (Part III): Effects of Antirheumatic Drugs
Authors: Novikova D. S. , Udachkina H. V. , Kirillova I. G. , Popkova T. V.
Published: January 2020

Chronic autoimmune inflammation is one of the leading risk factors for the development of chronic heart failure (CHF) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The purpose of the review is to analyze the results of investigations on the effects of conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs), biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), and targeted csDMARDs on cardiac function and the risk of developing CHF in patients with RA. Methotrexate may reduce the CHF risk and have a positive effect on the course of this condition in patients with RA. Despite the data on the presence of leflunomide effects that impede myocardial remodeling, there is no evidence of the role of the drug in the prevention of CHF in RA patients. Hydroxychloroquine may contribute to the prevention of CHF, but the risk of developing severe cardiotoxicity should be considered when taking the drug for a long time. Most studies have not revealed the negative effect of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors on the prevalence and incidence of new cases of CHF in RA patients, and an improvement in the structure and function of the heart during therapy has been shown. Inhibitors of interleukin (IL) -1, inhibitors of IL-6, inhibitors of T-cell co-stimulation, anti-B-cell therapy, targeted csDMARDs do not increase the risk of CHF and may have cardioprotective effects, including slowing the progression of left ventricle myocardial dysfunction. Due to the high risk of CHF and CHF-associated mortality in RA patients, early diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction, development of a prevention and treatment strategies are needed, including high-quality prospective studies to assess the effect of anti-rheumatic therapy on myocardial function, risk of developing and decompensation of CHF in RA patients. It is possible that some drugs may possess protective effects on cardiomyocytes so they could become the first-line drugs in patients with CHF or the risk of its development.
Comparing the Use of Axillary Radiographs and Axial Computed Tomography Scans to Predict Concentric Glenoid Wear
Authors: Agyeman Kofi D. , DeVito Paul , McNeely Emmanuel , Malarkey Andy , Bercik Michael J. , Levy Jonathan C.
Published: January 2020

Background:

Axillary radiographs traditionally have been considered sufficient to identify concentric glenoid wear in osteoarthritic shoulders; however, with variable glenoid wear patterns, assessment with use of computed tomography (CT) has been recommended. The purpose of the present study was to compare the use of axillary radiographs and mid-glenoid axial CT scans to identify glenoid wear.

Methods:

Preoperative axillary radiographs and mid-glenoid axial CT scans for 330 patients who underwent anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty were reviewed. Five independent examiners with differing levels of experience characterized the glenoid morphology as either concentric or eccentric. The morphologies determined with use of axillary radiographs and CT scans were assessed for correlation, and both intraobserver and interobserver consistency were calculated.

Results:

Concentric wear identified with use of radiographs was confirmed with use of CT scans in an average of 61% of cases (range, 53% to 76%). Intraobserver consistency averaged 75% for radiographs and 73% for CT scans. There was significant interobserver consistency, as higher levels of training corresponded with greater consistency between imaging analyses (p < 0.001). The most senior observer identified the highest proportion of concentric wear on radiographs (p < 0.001), showed the greatest consistency between attempts when using CT (p < 0.001), and had the greatest agreement of radiographs and CT evaluating glenoid morphology (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

For the experienced shoulder surgeon, concentric glenoid wear identified on axillary radiographs will appear concentric on 2-dimensional CT in approximately 75% of cases. Obtaining a CT scan to confirm glenoid wear patterns most greatly benefits less-experienced surgeons. Across all levels of experience, axillary radiographs and single-slice, mid-glenoid CT scans appear insufficient for consistently predicting wear patterns.

Level of Evidence:

Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.