bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre-Sowing Seed Treatment of Selected Botanical Extracts and Biofertilizers on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Mustard (Brassica juncea.L)
Authors: Reddy Busireddy Sai Harsha Vardhan , Bara Bineeta Michael , Rai Prashant Kumar , Sahi Vaidurya Pratap , Topno Samir Ebson , Mehera Biswarup
Published: July 2022

The present investigation was carried out for “Pre-sowing seed treatments of selected botanicals extract and biofertilizers on growth, yield and yield attributing traits of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)”. For this pur- pose, 13 priming treatments including control on Mustard seeds variety were used to study under filed condi- tions during rabi, 2021-22. Field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications respectively during Rabi 2021-22. Analysis for the data in field experiment revealed significance mean sum of squares due to seed priming treatments for all the characters under study. In order to standardize method of seed priming specific to mustard crop and they were evaluated by screeming a range of duration and concentration Viz T0- Control, T1 Neem Leaf Extract 5% (6Hrs), T2 Neem Leaf Extract 10%(6Hrs), T3 Moringa Leaf Extract 5% (6Hrs), T4 Moringa Leaf Extract(10%Hrs), T5 Trichoderma viridae 0.1%(6Hrs), T6 Trichoderma viridae 0.3%(6Hrs), T7 Azosprillum 0.1%(6Hrs), T8 Azosprillum 0.3%(6Hrs), T9 Neem Leaf Extract + Moringa Leaf Extract(5% +3%) 6hrs, T10 Trichoderma viridae + Azosprillum (0.1%+0.1%), T10 Trichoderma viridae + Azosprillum (0.1%+0.1%), T11 Neem Leaf Extract + Trichoderma viridae (3% +0.1%), T12 Moringa Leaf Extract + Azosprillum(3% +0.1%)To find out Influence of different seed treatment on growth, yield and seed quality parameters of mustard showed that significant treatment Field emergence (%), Plant height (30,60,90 DAS), Days to 50% flowering, Number of branches per plant, Number of silique per plant, Number of seeds per silique, Seed yield per plant (g),Seed yield per plot (g),Biological yield (g),Harvest index. The study helps to improve the quality to improve of seed with help of seed different Leaf extracts and Biofertilizers priming treatment which are cost effective and economic, non- toxic, ecofriendly sources. Pre- sowing treatment with It is concluded from the present study that the seeds of Mustard (Variety - sonalika) were treated with T9 Neem Leaf Extract + Moringa Leaf Extract(5% +3%) 6hrs enhanced the Field emergence percentage, Plant height (cm), Number of branches per plant, Number of silique per plant, Number of seeds per silique, Seed yield per plant, Seed yield per plot, Biological yield, Harvest index followed by T12 Moringa Leaf Extract + Azosprillum(3% +0.1%) and T4 Moringa Leaf Extract(10%Hrs) as compared to control ( untreated ) seeds.
Use and Cost of Low-Value Health Services Delivered or Paid for by the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Radomski Thomas R. , Zhao Xinhua , Lovelace Elijah Z. , Sileanu Florentina E. , Rose Liam , Schwartz Aaron L. , Schleiden Loren J. , Oakes Allison H. , Pickering Aimee N. , Yang Dylan , Hale Jennifer A. , Gellad Walid F. , Fine Michael J. , Thorpe Carolyn T.
Published: July 2022

Importance

Within the Veterans Health Administration (VA), the use and cost of low-value services delivered by VA facilities or increasingly by VA Community Care (VACC) programs have not been comprehensively quantified.

Objective

To quantify veterans’ overall use and cost of low-value services, including VA-delivered care and VA-purchased community care.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study assessed a national population of VA-enrolled veterans. Data on enrollment, sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, and health care services delivered by VA facilities or paid for by the VA through VACC programs were compiled for fiscal year 2018 from the VA Corporate Data Warehouse. Data analysis was conducted from April 2020 to January 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

VA administrative data were applied using an established low-value service metric to quantify the use of 29 potentially low-value tests and procedures delivered in VA facilities and by VACC programs across 6 domains: cancer screening, diagnostic and preventive testing, preoperative testing, imaging, cardiovascular testing and procedures, and other procedures. Sensitive and specific criteria were used to determine the low-value service counts per 100 veterans overall, by domain, and by individual service; count and percentage of each low-value service delivered by each setting; and estimated cost of each service.

Results

Among 5.2 million enrolled veterans, the mean (SD) age was 62.5 (16.0) years, 91.7% were male, 68.0% were non-Hispanic White, and 32.3% received any service through VACC. By specific criteria, 19.6 low-value services per 100 veterans were delivered in VA facilities or by VACC programs, involving 13.6% of veterans at a total cost of $205.8 million. Overall, the most frequently delivered low-value service was prostate-specific antigen testing for men aged 75 years or older (5.9 per 100 veterans); this was also the service with the greatest proportion delivered by VA facilities (98.9%). The costliest low-value services were spinal injections for low back pain ($43.9 million; 21.4% of low-value care spending) and percutaneous coronary intervention for stable coronary disease ($36.8 million; 17.9% of spending).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cross-sectional study found that among veterans enrolled in the VA, more than 1 in 10 have received a low-value service from VA facilities or VACC programs, with approximately $200 million in associated costs. Such information on the use and costs of low-value services are essential to guide the VA’s efforts to reduce delivery and spending on such care.
Weaknesses of research methodologies on musculoskeletal disorders associated with mobile touch-screen devices
Authors: Elghomati Ali , Mackieh Adham , Babaqi Tareq
Published: July 2022

The objective of the currently study is to point out the weaknesses of some recent researches, which were done about the effects or symptoms of using Touch Screen Mobile Devices on the human musculoskeletal system. In this article, we reviewed the research processes performed in recent 26 randomly selected papers about musculoskeletal disorder to clarify the common weaknesses of these published articles. The electronic database search and reference search were conducted in four different databases: Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. We noticed that none of the reviewed papers had performed the experimental design phase of a scientific research. Additionally they had not validated the assumptions of the statistical methods used in their researches. Therefore, their findings are doubtful. In this article, we proposed practical outlines for a reliable experimental research.
Pentagonal 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: PdSe2 and Beyond
Authors: Liang Qijie , Chen Ziling , Zhang Qian , Wee Andrew Thye Shen
Published: July 2022

2D materials with common hexagonal crystal structures, such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition metal dichalcogenides have attracted great interest due to their novel physical and chemical properties. Pentagonal transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit distinct optical, electrical, and chemical properties, with valuable functionalities for various applications. This review highlights some of the most important developments in this field, with emphasis on their functionalities for neuromorphic computing, transistors, photodetection, catalysts, etc. Strategies for modifying their physical and chemical properties as well as device performance including defect engineering and interface engineering are presented. Finally, a forward‐looking outlook of pentagonal 2D materials is discussed.
Spatial Control of Oxygen Vacancy Concentration in Monoclinic WO3 Photoanodes for Enhanced Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Kong Heejung , Yang Haechang , Park Ji‐Sang , Chae Weon‐Sik , Kim Hee Yeong , Park Jucheol , Lee Jong Hoon , Choi Seung Yo , Park Miok , Kim Hyeonwoo , Song Youbin , Park Hyunwoong , Yeo Junyeob
Published: July 2022

Oxygen vacancies (OVs) are a mixed blessing for the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation performance of monoclinic tungsten trioxide (m‐WO3) photoanodes. Although it is widely accepted that a moderate concentration of OVs is beneficial for the PEC performance of the m‐WO3 photoanodes, this argument assumes a uniform distribution of OVs throughout the m‐WO3 crystal. In this case, only the overall concentration of OVs needs to be considered. However, the spatial non‐uniformity of OV defects in m‐WO3 photoanodes has not been thoroughly examined. In this study, by employing a m‐WO3 nanorod array as a model photoanode, the aim is to show that a higher OV concentration near the surface of m‐WO3 compared to that in the bulk is advantageous for the PEC performances of this material. In addition, a laser‐assisted defect control (LADC) process is employed to manipulate the spatial distribution of OVs in the m‐WO3 photoanodes to achieve enhanced PEC performances. Moreover, a one‐step laser deposition process is introduced to obtain an ultrathin FeNi oxygen evolution catalyst overlayer on the defect‐controlled m‐WO3 photoanodes, further improving PEC performance, photostability, and Faradaic efficiency.
Heterogeneous Nanodomain Electrolytes for Ultra‐Long‐Life All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Yang Leixin , Luo Dan , Zheng Yun , Yang Tingzhou , Ma Qianyi , Nie Yihang , Dou Haozhen , Zhang Yongguang , Huang Rong , Yu Aiping , Shui Lingling , Wang Xin , Chen Zhongwei
Published: July 2022

Solid polymer electrolytes exhibit huge advantages but are hindered by insufficient mechanical strength and ionic conductivity in the applications of all‐solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries (ASSLBs). Herein, poly(ether‐block‐amide) (Pebax) strategies to construct heterogeneous nanodomain electrolytes (HNEs) for ultra‐long‐life ASSLBs are introduced. Pebax HNEs forms conductive nanodomains via phase separation, exhibiting interconnected and high Li+ conductive features. Compared with conventional PEO‐based electrolytes, the Pebax HNEs with controllable size and order can facilitate rapid Li+ transport with steerable transport channels, further enhancing the Li+ conductivity and inducing the uniform Li+ deposition. Furthermore, the obtained thin and dense hybrid SEI layer with potent mechanical strength can synergistically suppress the dendrite growth, and the as‐prepared ASSLBs exhibit a satisfactory capacity with a tiny capacity reduction of 0.013% per cycle over 1500 cycles. This work provides a brand‐new insight to construct a conductive structure in electrolytes for high‐performance ASSLBs.
Leveraging Hierarchical Chirality in Perovskite(‐Inspired) Halides for Transformative Device Applications
Authors: Duan Tianwei , Zhou Yuanyuan
Published: July 2022

Chirality is an attribute based on the structural geometry of materials, which confers a distinctive energy band structure for intriguing optical, electronic, and spintronic properties. Recent studies on chirality encountered in perovskite(‐inspired) halides (PiHs) have drawn increasing attention, not only because of the large chemical diversity of PiHs seen at molecular, nanoscopic, and microscopic levels, but also due to the observation of various emergent properties for multifunctional device applications. Herein hierarchical chiral origin factors of PiHs, involving intercalation, substitution, and distortion at the intra‐crystal level; modification at the crystal interface level; and micro‐design beyond the crystal level are first discussed. Then, updated progress in synthesis and characterization methods of chiral PiHs is reviewed, featuring intriguing structures that distinguish chiral PiHs from other semiconductors and chiral materials. Furthermore, representative examples exploiting emergent properties of chiral PiH for achieving versatile device functions are examined. Finally, perspectives on challenges and opportunities in leveraging the chirality in PiHs for transformative device applications are provided.
Genetic diversity of subtropical double‐haploid maize lines selected for high oil content
Authors: Gaytán‐Pinzón Grethel P. , Sandoval‐Castro Eduardo , Peinado‐Fuentes Luis A. , Valenzuela‐Apodaca Juan P. , Cruz‐Mendívil Abraham , Calderón‐Vázquez Carlos L.
Published: July 2022

The inclusion of high‐oil maize germplasm into breeding programs may be an excellent alternative for increasing grain nutritional quality. Knowing the germplasm genetic diversity is crucial for assisting breeding programs. Here, the genetic diversity and population structure of four high‐oil‐content maize (Zea mays L.) populations (Bajio yellow population [BYP], northwestern yellow population [NYP], Bajio white population [BWP], and northwestern white population [NWP]) were analyzed by Diversity Arrays Technology sequencing. Three‐hundred ten double‐haploid (DH) lines were genotyped, and 19,078 single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were uniformly detected among populations after filtering by missing data >20% and minor allele frequency ≥0.05. Genetic diversity indexes showed polymorphic information content (PIC) values of 0.346, 0.352, 0.353, and 0.353; observed heterozygosity values of 0.221, 0.194, 0.284, and 0.177; and expected heterozygosity values of 0.188, 0.165, 0.219, and 0.152, for BYP, NYP, BWP, and NWP, respectively. Genetic structure results showed variations in pairwise genetic distance comparisons among the 310 DH lines, ranging from 0.119 to 0.385. Multidimensional scaling analysis and discriminant analysis of principal components grouped the DH lines into three different and five clusters, respectively, based on their origin region and grain color. On the other hand, STRUCTURE analysis revealed the presence of two different groups unrelated to grain color or origin region. The wide genetic variability among the analyzed DH lines highlights their potential to contribute new beneficial alleles into subtropical maize breeding programs and will facilitate the selection of parental lines and the identification of heterotic groups to generate high‐oil maize hybrids.
Recent Advancements in Metal‐catalysts Design for CO2/Epoxide Reactions
Authors: Della Monica Francesco , Capacchione Carmine
Published: July 2022

Carbon dioxide utilization is considered an effective strategy to mitigate the carbon footprint of chemical industry. Among other uses, the incorporation of carbon dioxide into cyclic organic carbonates (COCs) and aliphatic polycarbonates (APCs) has received great attention in the field of homogeneous catalysis. After few decades of research activity, a wide range of metal‐based catalytic systems has been reported to promote this reaction. Nonetheless, a better comprehension of the apparently simple reaction mechanism of such transformations has been reached only in recent years. This, in turn, allowed for the design of new catalytic systems guided by a clearer mechanistic picture. In this review, we present the most recent advancements in this field, distinguishing between catalysts for COCs and APCs production classified on the bases of their ligand structures.
Effect of Meso‐Thienyl and Meso‐Furyl Groups on the Electronic Properties of Aromatic 14π Triphyrin(2.1.1)s
Authors: Kaur Gurpreet , Ravikanth Mangalampalli
Published: July 2022

A series of triphyrin(2.1.1)s containing five membered heterocycles such as thienyl and furyl groups in place of six membered aryl groups at two or four meso‐positions were synthesized by [2+1] condensation of appropriate dipyrroethene diols with pyrrole under acid catalyzed conditions. The meso‐thienyl and meso‐furyl triphyrin(2.1.1)s were characterized and studied by HR‐MS, 1D & 2D NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray crystallography, absorption, cyclic voltammetry and DFT/TD‐DFT studies. The X‐ray structure obtained for one of the meso‐thienyl trirphyrins indicated that the macrocycle was nearly planar and showed strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The spectral and electrochemical studies revealed that in meso‐thienyl and meso‐furyl triphyrin(2.1.1)s, the resonances of triphyrin core protons downfield shifted in 1H NMR, the absorption bands bathochromically shifted and redox potentials shifted cathodically and anodically compared to meso‐tetra(p‐tolyl) triphyrin(2.1.1). These observations indicated that the thienyl/furyl groups at meso‐positions alter the electronic properties of triphyrin(2.1.1)s significantly and the maximum effects were noted in meso‐tetra(2‐thienyl) triphyrin(2.1.1) and meso‐tetra(2‐furyl) triphyrin(2.1.1)s. The DFT and TD‐DFT studies corroborated experimental observations.
RETRACTED: Auditory perceptual learning in autistic adults
Authors: Alispahic Samra , Pellicano Elizabeth , Cutler Anne , Antoniou Mark
Published: July 2022

The automatic retuning of phoneme categories to better adapt to the speech of a novel talker has been extensively documented across various (neurotypical) populations, including both adults and children. However, no studies have examined auditory perceptual learning effects in populations atypical in perceptual, social, and language processing for communication, such as populations with autism. Employing a classic lexically‐guided perceptual learning paradigm, the present study investigated perceptual learning effects in Australian English autistic and non‐autistic adults. The findings revealed that automatic attunement to existing phoneme categories was not activated in the autistic group in the same manner as for non‐autistic control subjects. Specifically, autistic adults were able to both successfully discern lexical items and to categorize speech sounds; however, they did not show effects of perceptual retuning to talkers. These findings may have implications for the application of current sensory theories (e.g., Bayesian decision theory) to speech and language processing by autistic individuals.

Lay Summary

Lexically guided perceptual learning assists in the disambiguation of speech from a novel talker. The present study established that while Australian English autistic adult listeners were able to successfully discern lexical items and categorize speech sounds in their native language, perceptual flexibility in updating speaker‐specific phonemic knowledge when exposed to a novel talker was not available. Implications for speech and language processing by autistic individuals as well as current sensory theories are discussed.
Mechanisms exploration of terrestrosin D on pulmonary fibrosis based on plasma metabolomics and network pharmacology
Authors: Yang Xuemiao , Zhao Guojun , Bo Yukun , Yang Dan , Dong Zhiqiang , Wu Guodong , Xu Nanbing , An Ming , Zhao Longshan
Published: July 2022

Terrestrosin D (TED) is the active ingredient of Tribulus terrestris L., which is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulations and has a wide range of pharmacological activities. A previous study showed that TED alleviated bleomycin (BLM)‐induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in mice. However, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of TED are still unclear and need further investigation. In this study, we evaluated the effect of TED in a mice of BLM‐induced PF in terms of histopathological and biochemical indices. UHPLC–MS‐based plasma metabolomics combined with network pharmacology was used to explore the pathological basis of PF and the mechanism of action of TED. Histological and biochemical analyses showed that TED mitigated inflammatory injury in the lungs, especially at the dosage of 20 mg/kg. Furthermore, BLM changed the plasma metabolite profile in the mice, which was reversed by TED via regulation of amino acid and lipid metabolism. Subsequently, a biomarkers‐targets‐disease network was constructed, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 were identified as the putative therapeutic targets of TED. Both factors were quantitatively analyzed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Taken together, the combination of UHPLC–MS‐based metabolomics and network pharmacology can unveil the mechanisms of diseases and drug action.
New Opportunities for the Utilization of the Sulfoximine Group in Medicinal Chemistry from the Drug Designer's Perspective**
Authors: Lücking Ulrich
Published: July 2022

Extension of the medicinal chemistry toolbox is in the vital interest of drug designers. However, the diffusion of an innovation can be a lengthy process. Along these lines, it took almost 70 years before the use of the sulfoximine group reached a critical mass in medicinal chemistry. Even though interest in this versatile functional group has increased exponentially in recent years, there is ample room for further innovative applications. This Review highlights emerging trends and opportunities for drug designers for the utilization of the sulfoximine group in medicinal chemistry, such as in the construction of complex molecules, proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), antibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs) and novel warheads for covalent inhibition.
Clinical implications of the universal definition for the prevention and treatment of heart failure
Authors: Chandramouli Chanchal , Stewart Simon , Almahmeed Wael , Lam Carolyn Su Ping
Published: July 2022

The diagnosis of heart failure (HF) primarily relies on signs and symptoms that are neither sensitive nor specific. This impedes timely diagnosis and delays effective therapies or interventions, despite the availability of several evidence‐based treatments for HF. Through monumental collaborative efforts from representatives of HF societies worldwide, the universal definition of HF was published in 2021, to provide the necessary standardized framework required for clinical management, clinical trials, and research. This review elaborates the key concepts of the new universal definition of HF, highlighting the key merits and potential avenues, which can be nuanced further in future iterations. We also discuss the key implications of the universal definition document from the perspectives of various stakeholders within the healthcare framework, including patients, care providers, system/payers and policymakers.
The impact of health insurance coverage on racial/ethnic disparities in US childhood and adolescent cancer stage at diagnosis
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Brown Derek S. , Cao Yin , Ekenga Christine C. , Guo Shenyang , Johnson Kimberly J.
Published: July 2022

Background

Racial/ethnic minority children and adolescents are more likely to have an advanced cancer diagnosis compared with non‐Hispanic Whites, which may relate to the lack of consistent health care access. This study aims to describe racial/ethnic disparities in cancer diagnosis stage among children and adolescents and assess whether health insurance mediates these disparities.

Methods

Data on individuals ≤19 years of age diagnosed with primary cancers from 2007 to 2016 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 database. Prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between race/ethnicity and cancer diagnosis stage were calculated using Poisson regression. Analyses addressing health insurance as a potential mediator were also performed.

Results

Compared with non‐Hispanic Whites, racial/ethnic minorities had a higher prevalence of a distant cancer diagnosis, with PRs of 1.31 (95% CI, 1.23–1.40) for non‐Hispanic Blacks, 1.14 (95% CI, 1.04–1.24) for non‐Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islanders, and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.09–1.21) for Hispanics. These associations were attenuated when adjusting for health insurance, with PRs of 1.24 (95% CI, 1.16–1.33) for non‐Hispanic Blacks, 1.11 (95% CI, 1.02–1.21) for non‐Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islanders, and 1.07 (95% CI, 1.01–1.13) for Hispanics. Any Medicaid or no insurance at diagnosis mediated 49%, 22%, and 9% of the observed association with distant stage in Hispanics, non‐Hispanic Blacks, and non‐Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islanders, respectively.

Conclusions

Disparities in cancer diagnosis stage in racial/ethnic minority children and adolescents may be partially explained by health insurance coverage. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms.
Software Tool for Automatic Quantification of Sarcomere Length and Organization in Fixed and Live 2D and 3D Muscle Cell Cultures In Vitro
Authors: Stein Jeroen M. , Arslan Ulgu , Franken Marnix , de Greef Jessica C. , E. Harding Sian , Mohammadi Neda , Orlova Valeria V. , Bellin Milena , Mummery Christine L. , van Meer Berend J.
Published: July 2022

Sarcomeres are the structural units of the contractile apparatus in cardiac and skeletal muscle cells. Changes in sarcomere characteristics are indicative of changes in the sarcomeric proteins and function during development and disease. Assessment of sarcomere length, alignment, and organization provides insight into disease and drug responses in striated muscle cells and models, ranging from cardiomyocytes and skeletal muscle cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells to adult muscle cells isolated from animals or humans. However, quantification of sarcomere length is typically time consuming and prone to user‐specific selection bias. Automated analysis pipelines exist but these often require either specialized software or programming experience. In addition, these pipelines are often designed for only one type of cell model in vitro. Here, we present an easy‐to‐implement protocol and software tool for automated sarcomere length and organization quantification in a variety of striated muscle in vitro models: Two dimensional (2D) cardiomyocytes, three dimensional (3D) cardiac microtissues, isolated adult cardiomyocytes, and 3D tissue engineered skeletal muscles. Based on an existing mathematical algorithm, this image analysis software (SotaTool) automatically detects the direction in which the sarcomere organization is highest over the entire image and outputs the length and organization of sarcomeres. We also analyzed videos of live cells during contraction, thereby allowing measurement of contraction parameters like fractional shortening, contraction time, relaxation time, and beating frequency. In this protocol, we give a step‐by‐step guide on how to prepare, image, and automatically quantify sarcomere and contraction characteristics in different types of in vitro models and we provide basic validation and discussion of the limitations of the software tool. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Staining and analyzing static hiPSC‐CMs with SotaTool

Alternate Protocol: Sample preparation, acquisition, and quantification of fractional shortening in live reporter hiPSC lines

Support Protocol 1: Finding the image resolution

Support Protocol 2: Advanced analysis settings

Support Protocol 3: Finding sarcomere length in non‐aligned cells
Molecular Metallocorrole–Nanorod Photocatalytic System for Sustainable Hydrogen Production
Authors: Dong Kaituo , Le Trung‐Anh , Nakibli Yifat , Schleusener Alexander , Wächtler Maria , Amirav Lilac
Published: July 2022

Solar‐driven photocatalytic generation of hydrogen from water is a potential source of clean and renewable fuel. Yet systems that are sufficiently stable and efficient for practical use have not been realized. Here, nanorod photocatalysts that have proven record activity for the water reduction half reaction were successfully combined with molecular metallocorroles suitable for catalyzing the accompanying oxidation reactions. Utilization of OH−/⋅OH redox species as charge transfer shuttle between freely mixed metallocorroles and rods resulted in quantum efficiency that peaked as high as 17 % for hydrogen production from water in the absence of sacrificial hole scavengers. While typically each sacrificial scavenger is able to extract but a single hole, here the molecular metallocorrole catalysts were found to successfully handle nearly 300,000 holes during their lifespan. The implications of the new system on the prospects of realizing practical overall water splitting and direct solar‐to‐fuel energy conversion were discussed.
Alloy‐Driven Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Biomass‐Derived 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural towards 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid: A Review
Authors: Guo Mengyan , Lu Xuebin , Xiong Jian , Zhang Rui , Li Xiaoyun , Qiao Yina , Ji Na , Yu Zhihao
Published: July 2022

In recent years, electrocatalysis was progressively developed to facilitate the selective oxidation of biomass‐derived 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) towards the value‐added chemical 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). Among reported electrocatalysts, alloy materials have demonstrated superior electrocatalytic properties due to their tunable electronic and geometric properties. However, a specific discussion of the potential impacts of alloy structures on the electrocatalytic HMF oxidation performance has not yet been presented in available Reviews. In this regard, this Review introduces the most recent perspectives on the alloy‐driven electrocatalysis for HMF oxidation towards FDCA, including oxidation mechanism, alloy nanostructure modulation, and external conditions control. Particularly, modulation strategies for electronic and geometric structures of alloy electrocatalysts have been discussed. Challenges and suggestions are also provided for the rational design of alloy electrocatalysts. The viewpoints presented herein are anticipated to potentially contribute to a further development of alloy‐driven electrocatalytic oxidation of HMF towards FDCA and to help boost a more sustainable and efficient biomass refining system.
Design and investigation of stability‐ and power‐improved 11T SRAM cell for low‐power devices
Authors: Abbasian Erfan , Birla Shilpi , Mojaveri Moslem Emad
Published: July 2022

The modern system‐on‐chips require stable and low‐power SRAM cells due to technology scaling and limited sources of energy. Therefore, a stability‐ and power‐improved 11T SRAM cell is proposed in this study. The proposed cell core is composed of a strong cross‐coupled structure of a conventional inverter with a N‐type stacked transistor and a Schmitt‐trigger (ST) with a double channel‐length pull‐up network. This coupled with a separate read path enhances the read static noise margin (RSNM). Moreover, a feedback‐cutting N‐type transistor is placed inside the cell core to improve the write static noise margin (WSNM)/write margin (WM). Though the presence of stacked transistors in access paths increases read delay (TRA)/write delay (TWA), it reduces leakage. This metric further minimizes with the aid of a stacked structure of latch core and double channel‐length of pull‐up transistor in the ST inverter. The moderate read/write frequency and single‐ended structure of the suggested cell result in low dynamic power. Simulated results by using 16‐nm CMOS at VDD = 0.7 V show that the proposed cell has the second‐best RSNM/WSNM, which is 4.65/1.44 times higher than that of the fully differential 8T (FD8T) cell, as the basic cell. Moreover, it reduces leakage power by at least 2.01 times and consumes moderate read/write power, nearly 1.44/1.81 times lower than that of FD8T cell, at the cost of 1.61 times area overhead. The proposed cell can eliminate read/write‐half‐select‐disturbance issues to support bit‐interleaving architecture to increase soft error immunity.
Multi‐objective strategy‐based resource allocation and performance improvements in 5G and beyond wireless networks
Authors: Pradeep S. , Lakshminarasimman L.
Published: July 2022

The increase in mobile communication has been caused the network traffic problem. For that, phantom cell is used for further spectrum efficiency enhancements. In this paper, improved cat swarm optimization clustering (ICSOC)‐based energy aware load balancing is made for both macro cell and small cell to improve the broadband network efficiency using 5G and beyond wireless networks. Then, Multilevel Feedback Queue with Round Robin (MFQ‐RR) scheduling is used to provide superior channel quality and well improved resource sharing for mobile phones. In this wireless network, the phantom cells provided a feasible and cost‐effective way of refining the network coverage and capacity for both local and wide area networks because of their low cost and easy deployment. This system has highly efficient, cost effective, and flexible that will fulfill the end user expectations, and it enhances the capacity and flexible multi‐RAT access to support the diverse applications. This system performance is evaluated using MATLAB 12 software. From experimental results, it is observed that the throughput and spectral efficiency are increased by 20% and 35%, respectively. As well as the packet delay is reduced to 12% and packet loss ratio is 33% decreased when compared with the existing techniques.
Lower prosodic sensitivity in Chinese children with dyslexia and its impact on Chinese reading
Authors: Wang Li‐Chih , Liu Duo , Kwan‐Chen Lorinda Li‐Ying , Chung Kevin Kien‐Hoa , Chen Ji‐Kang
Published: July 2022

The current study aims to examine prosodic sensitivity in Chinese children with dyslexia and its relation to Chinese reading in children with and without dyslexia. A total of 172 Chinese children from third grade to sixth grade in Taiwanese primary schools were recruited. Thirty (14 male) children were identified as having dyslexia, and the remaining children (N = 142; 67 male) were typically developing children matched with those with dyslexia as carefully as possible with respect to school, grade, and gender. Our results indicated that group differences were found for all three types of prosodic sensitivity. Moderation analyses showed that group had no significant interaction with prosodic sensitivity in predicting Chinese reading, so the participants in the two groups were combined in the following analyses. The results of the stepwise regression analyses showed that only lexical tone awareness could significantly predict Chinese character reading after controlling for phonological awareness, while only intonation awareness could significantly predict reading comprehension after controlling for Chinese character reading. The results provide preliminary evidence on the issue of prosodic sensitivity in Chinese children with dyslexia and its role in Chinese reading, which might provide a novel approach to the teaching of Chinese languages.
Decadal abundance patterns in an isolated urban reptile assemblage: Monitoring under a changing climate
Authors: How Richard A. , Cowan Mark A. , How Jason R.
Published: July 2022

Determine seasonal, annual, and decadal patterns of abundance in reptile species and assemblages occupying central Bold Park (~338 ha), an isolated urban bushland remnant in Perth, Southwestern Australia. Fenced pitfall trapping in four sampling sites, representing different habitats and fire history, over the primary reptile activity period for 35 consecutive years with over 17,000 individuals captured during 3300 days of sampling; the trapping regime was modified for the last 28 years. Sampling occurred in one of 35 global biodiversity hotspots that has a Mediterranean climate experiencing a 15% decline from the century average rainfall over the last 50 years. Twenty‐nine species were recorded, with 16 captured in 32 or more years and accounting for nearly 97% of all captures; the six most common for 81%. Three taxa became locally extinct. Activity predominates in warmer and dryer months (October to April), peaking in November–December. Species richness remained relatively constant between years with around 73% of known taxa captured annually. Assemblages did not change when analyzing the presence/absence data but moved through five statistically significant assemblages analyzing relative abundance data. Over the last 28 years, relative abundance was significantly and positively correlated with annual rainfall residuals, uniquely for the 4 years preceding annual sampling, resulting in significant changes in total assemblages and significantly similar patterns in four sample sites; the presence/absence data indicated only minor assemblage changes across sites. The number of species recorded annually remained relatively constant, but relative abundance illustrated significant temporal changes in assemblages over decades. The modeled relationship between relative abundance and annual rainfall residuals for 4 years preceding annual sampling is supported by known ecological responses and reptile demographics within this Mediterranean climate. Maintenance of urban biodiversity should consider impacts of a significantly drying climate exacerbating the extinction debt already inherent in isolated bushland populations experiencing limited immigration.
Simulation of Transport under Different Temperature Conditions: Effects on Extra Virgin Olive Oil Quality
Authors: Breschi Carlotta , Guerrini Lorenzo , Zanoni Bruno , Masella Piernicola , Lunetti Lorenzo , Parenti Alessandro
Published: July 2022

Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is imported/exported globally. However, little is known about the qualitative effects of the transport conditions, and, consequently, they are not usually controlled. This study simulates temperature fluctuations in summer (18–42.5 °C, 12 h–12 h, one week) and winter (4–16.5 °C, 12 h–12 h, one week), to examine their effect on EVOO quality. The EVOO samples undergo evaluation with chemical analyses before and immediately after treatment and after 24 weeks of storage (at room temperature in the dark). The simulated summer conditions cause oil oxidation. This situation bears a connection to an increased lipid oxidation rate, peroxide value, 1.2/1.3 diacylglycerol ratio, rancid score, and rancid‐related volatile compounds. The simulated winter conditions also cause oil oxidation. In this case, the rancid score and the rancid‐related volatile compound content show similarities to the samples exposed to the simulated summer conditions. In winter conditions, the temperature fluctuations seem to play a key role in the rancid defect appearance. Eleven of the 15 (summer) and 10 of the 15 (winter) samples are downgraded from the category of “extra virgin” to “virgin” after 24 weeks of bottle storage.

Practical applications: Transportation conditions constitute a critical factor in determining extra virgin olive oil quality. Transport is a critical control point in maintaining the quality of extra virgin olive oil, which can be transported without any specific controls. The obtained results improve the knowledge regarding the risks related to transport in hot and cold seasons, assessing the oxidative damages in both conditions on three different cultivars. A better understanding of the degradation phenomena during transportation helps develop specific technologies and practices (e.g., controlled‐temperature transportation, thermal insulation materials, use of digi‐sense nonreversible temperature labels, and so on) to counter the phenomena and evaluate the costs and limits of the existing protocols.
Achieving the Interface Stability of LiMn2O4 Cathode Using Aqueous Polyacrylic Acid/acrylate Copolymer and Nanoscale CaCO3 to Improve the High‐Temperature Cycling and Storage Performance of Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cui Yan , Chen Jiahui , Zhao Jingyang , Ma Zhen , Tan Yuming , Xue Jianjun , Xu Hanliang , Nan Junmin
Published: July 2022

Based on a strategy of stabilizing the LiMn2O4 (LMO) cathode interface, the high‐temperature cycling and storage performance of 18 650‐type LMO/graphite lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is effectively improved. The LMO cathode is prepared using lithium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCLi)–polyacrylic acid/acrylate copolymer composite binder and nanoscale CaCO3 functional component (marked as binder C). Compared with the traditional oily binder, the dissolution of Mn2+ from LMO cathode into the electrolyte can effectively decrease, and the structure stability of LMO cathode can increase. The batteries exhibit retention capacity of 80.3% at 1 C after 600 cycles at room temperature and 76.7% at 1 C after 200 cycles at temperature of 45 °C. The high‐temperature storage performance is also improved and there are 81.1% and 73.5% residual capacities when the fully charged batteries are stored in 60 °C for 14 and 28 days. The enhanced performance is mainly attributed to the interfacial stability of LMO cathode due to the bonding ability of composite binders and the elimination of HF by CaCO3. These results reveal the application prospect of as‐developed aqueous binders and provide a way to improve the performance of LMO‐based LIBs through stable interface strategy.
A procedure for 3D simulation of seismic wave propagation considering source‐path‐site effects: Theory, verification and application
Authors: Wu Mengtao , Ba Zhenning , Liang Jianwen
Published: July 2022

This paper aims at obtaining a semi‐analytical and semi‐numerical 3D model of source‐to‐site seismic wave propagation due to kinematic finite‐fault sources. To this end, a two‐step procedure integrating the frequency‐wavenumber (FK) approach with the spectral element method (SEM) is proposed based on the concept of domain reduction. First, the broadband responses of a stratified crust are accurately calculated by using a novel FK approach and are converted into effective seismic inputs around the region of interest. After that, the seismic wavefields at local and regional scales arising from complex geological and topographical conditions are finely simulated using the SEM, and a perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary condition is simultaneously applied to realize the absorption of outgoing waves. In this procedure, a hybrid source modelling scheme that combines the low‐wavenumber deterministic and high‐wavenumber stochastic components on the fault plane is introduced, effectively addressing the high‐frequency motion radiated from the source rupture process. Subsequently, the proposed FK‐SEM procedure is verified step‐by‐step using the point source and finite‐fault source models. To illustrate the feasibility of the procedure, 3D physics‐based numerical simulations (PBSs) of two seismic events, including a historical Sanhe‐Pinggu earthquake and a well‐recorded Yangbi earthquake, are performed. The case studies validate that the proposed FK‐SEM procedure allows a significant reduction in computational effort and a substantial improvement in modelling resolution and can be applied to the source‐to‐site broadband synthetics of earthquake scenarios with limited resources. In addition, this coupled geophysics‐engineering simulation meets the requirements of time‐history analysis for engineering structures, which facilitates the study of soil‐structure interactions and regional‐scale building damage assessment.
Uncertainty quantification in the calibration of numerical elements in nonlinear seismic analysis
Authors: Zhang Hongzhou , Kwon Oh‐Sung , Christopoulos Constantin
Published: July 2022

Modeling uncertainty in structural models can greatly affect the reliability of nonlinear time history results, which are central to performance‐based earthquake engineering. A crucial source of modeling uncertainty is the uncertainty in the parameters of constitutive models, which simulate the hysteretic behavior of key structural components. In current research and engineering practice, it is assumed that the accuracy of a nonlinear structural model is achieved by component calibration, which is conducted by trying to best match the response of a numerical model of a component to test results under a standardized quasi‐static loading regime. However, previous research has shown that even a very well‐fitted component‐level calibration might result in considerable errors in the system‐level structural dynamic response. This study is an initial attempt to investigate calibration relevance incorporating a rigorous uncertainty quantification framework. In the proposed framework, parameters of a constitutive model are considered as random inputs. Calibration error at the component level and global error at the system level are quantified based on the discrepancies between the simulation models with probabilistic inputs and reference models. Polynomial chaos expansions (PCEs) metamodels are implemented to conduct sensitivity analysis and investigate calibration relevance. Three buckling restrained braced frames (BRBFs) with different heights are investigated using the proposed framework. Four calibration methods’ relevance with global errors based on three engineering demand parameters (EDPs) are studied. The results allow for the identification of optimum hyperparameters to achieve peak calibration relevance and to evaluate different calibration methods for several EDPs for the three BRBFs.
Mechanisms underlying synergism between circularized tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis inducing ligand and bortezomib in bortezomib‐sensitive or ‐resistant myeloma cells
Authors: Leng Yun , Hu Xiaoyan , Li Lin , Nkwocha Jewel , Satta Toshihisa , Sharma Kanika , Kmeiciak Maciej , Zhou Huixing , Zhang Zhiyao , Zhou Liang , Chen Wenming , Grant Steven
Published: July 2022

Mechanisms underlying interactions between a novel, clinically relevant circularized tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) agonist, circularly permuted TRAIL (CPT) have been examined in multiple myeloma (MM) cells sensitive or resistant to bortezomib (BTZ). Various MM cell lines for example, U266, including those resistant to bortezomib‐resistant U266 cells were exposed to low nanomolar concentrations of bortezomib ± CPT and apoptosis monitored. Circularly permuted TRAIL and bortezomib synergistically induced apoptosis in both BTZ‐naïve and ‐resistant cells. The regimen up‐regulated DR4 receptor internalization in MM cells, known to modulate both NF‐κB and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. CPT/BTZ disrupted the non‐canonical NF‐κB pathway, reflected by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factors 3 (TRAF3) up‐regulation, NF‐κB inducing kinase down‐regulation, diminished p52 and p50 processing, and B‐cell lymphoma‐extra large (BCL‐XL) down‐regulation, but failed to inactivate the canonical NF‐κB pathway, reflected by unchanged or increased expression of phospho‐p65. The regimen also sharply increased extrinsic apoptotic pathway activation. Cells exhibiting TRAF3 knock‐down, dominant‐negative Fas‐associated protein with death domain, knock‐down of caspase‐8, BCL‐2/BCL‐XL, or exposure to a caspase‐9 inhibitor displayed markedly reduced CPT/BTZ sensitivity. Concordant results were observed in bortezomib‐resistant cells. The regimen was also active in the presence of stromal cells and was relatively sparing toward normal CD34+ hematopoietic cells. Finally, ex vivo results revealed synergism in primary MM primary cells, including those BTZ, and the CPT/BTZ regimen significantly decreased tumor growth in a patient‐derived MM xenograft model. These results indicate that the CPT/BTZ regimen acts via the non‐canonical NF‐κB as well as intrinsic/extrinsic apoptotic pathways to induce cell death in MM cells, and may represent an effective strategy in the setting of bortezomib resistance.
Front Cover
Authors: Jia Mengyu , Yu Lequan , Bai Wenxing , Zhang Pengfei , Zhang Limin , Wang Wei , Gao Feng
Published: July 2022

Single‐pixel imaging (SPI) enables the use of advanced detector technologies to benefit sensing beyond the visible spectrum. However, the traditional SPI pipeline typically suffers from low image fidelity when it comes to sub‐Nyquist sampling. A deep compressive sensing framework is here proposed to tackle the challenge above. The approach follows an unsupervised learning fashion that does not need to involve physical sensing, maximizing the generalizability and transferability.

Further details can be found in the article by Mengyu Jia, Lequan Yu, Wenxing Bai, Pengfei Zhang, Limin Zhang, Wei Wang, and Feng Gao (e202200045)

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