bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization and Metabolism of α-Starch by Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) Juveniles
Authors: Liang-Kun Pan , Qun-Lan Zhou , Liu B , Jian Zhu , Jun Xie , Xian-Ping Ge , Ming-Chun Ren , Ling-Hong Miao
Published: February 2021

The ability of black Carp Mylopharyngodon piceus, to utilize high levels of dietary carbohydrate was assessed using artificial purified feed, containing normal (20%, NS group) and high (40%, HS group) levels of digestible carbohydrate. After a 10 week feeding trial, specific growth rate, weight gain rate, and protein efficiency ratio of the HS group were significantly lower (P<0.05). The 40% carbohydrate diet significantly influenced the crude protein and crude fat levels in the muscle tissue (P<0.05). Plasma cortisol of the HS group was significantly lower (P<0.05), and levels of plasma triglycerides and total cholesterol were highly significantly lower (P<0.01). Hepatic superoxide dismutase concentrations of the HS group were lower (P<0.05), and contents of the carbohydrate metabolic enzyme, hepatic pyruvate kinase were highly significantly lower (P<0.01). Hepatic ultrastructure results show that the high carbohydrate diet induced sedimentation of glucose and fat in the hepatic cells, and ultrastructural damage was observed. Although Mylopharyngodon piceus are able to tolerate long-term feeding of the 40% carbohydrate diet, effects on growth and immunity were negative resulting in ultrastructural damage of the hepatic cells.
Aeromonas veronii Infection in Cultured Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, in Southwest China
Authors: Lai Weimin , Zhong Zhi Jun , He Chang Liang , Ou Yangping , Huang Xiao Li , Chen Defang , Wang Kaiyu , Geng Yi , Liu Dan
Published: February 2021

Aeromonas spp. are ubiquitous inhabitants of aquatic ecosystems, and are increasingly being reported as important pathogens for aquatic and terrestrial animals, as well as humans. A common bacterial disease caused by A.veronii has appeared in cultured channel catfish producing symptoms of erythema, hemorrhages, skin ulcers and high mortality (˃30%) in China, causing great economic loss. From 2007 to 2013, diseased channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, displaying symptoms of septicemia, ulceration, or abdominal dropsy were collected from Southwestern China. The goals of this study were to identify the bacterial strains isolated from diseased fish and to determine the susceptibility of the pathogenic strains to many currently available antimicrobial agents. 18 bacterial isolates were obtained from diseased fish. Based on phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, all isolates were identified as A. veronii. These results indicate that the microbiological risk posed by A. veronii is considerable for channel catfish cultured in Southwestern China. Susceptibility of the isolates to antibiotics was tested using the agar dilution method. All 18 A. veronii isolates were sensitive to florfenicol, norfloxacin and chloramphenicol, and were resistant to cefradine, clindamycin, midecamycin, penbritin, and amoxicillin. There were sensitivity diversities of the 18 A. veronii isolates to other test antibiotics such as sulfamethoxazole, deoxycycline, gentamycin, tobramycin, and more. This in vitro study provides enough data to recommend the use of these antibiotics for treating infectious diseases caused by A. veronii.
Effects of Canola and Safflower Oil Supplementation in Diets, on Growth Performance and Fatty Acid Composition of Russian Sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt, 1833)
Authors: Akyuz A. Parlak , Kerim M. , Karayucel I. , Dernekbasi S. , Tiril S. Ustaoglu
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the impact on growth performance and muscle fatty acid composition, of replacement of 50% fish oil (FO) with canola oil (CO) and safflower oil (SFO) in the diets of Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii). Two isoproteic (48%) and isolipidic (12%) diets were formulated combining two oil sources (50% fish oil + 50% canola oil or 50% fish oil + 50% safflower oil). The diets were fed to apparent satiation to triplicate groups for 15 weeks, twice a day. No significant differences were observed between the experimental groups fed CO and SFO diets in terms of weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio. The experimental groups fed CO and SFO diets did not show significant differences in terms of protein, lipid, ash, and moisture content in their muscle. There were no significant differences in muscle between total n-3 fatty acids but total n-6 fatty acids were significantly higher in SFO group (24.90%) than in CO group (21.30%). Total n-6 fatty acids were also higher than (20.43%) at the start. In conclusion, 50% replacement of FO by CO or SFO in Russian sturgeon diets had no negative effect on growth performance, feed efficiency and fatty acid composition in the muscle of this species.
Effects of Trehalose, Bovine Serum Albumin, and Sucrose, on the Integrity of the Plasma Membrane of Pseudosciaena crocea Semen after Cryopreservation
Authors: Wu Xiong-Fei , Zhu Jun-Quan , Sheng Zhang , Cheng Shun
Published: February 2021

Cryopreservation and the effect of additives on the plasma membrane stability, motility, enzyme activity, membrane lipid composition, and ultrastructural injury of sperm of Pseudosciaena crocea, were examined in this study. Results indicated that the addition of trehalose (TH) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) provided significantly better results in the motility test compared to sucrose. Some BSA groups, showed significantly increased semen motility and effective enzyme activity. There were no significant differences between the cholesterol (CHO) composition for fresh sperm and cryopreserved sperm stored in 3 g/L BSA or 8.56 g/L TH+3 g/L BSA. Ultrastructural injury included damaged membrane, lost mitochondria, or broken flagella, whereas the majority of the freeze-thawed sperm remained morphologically normal. In conclusion, the addition of 3 g/L BSA and 8.56 g/L TH+3 g/L BSA significantly increased semen quality.
A preliminary study of physical energy distribution model of Sciaenops ocellatus under swimming conditions
Authors: Fukun G. , Yun P. , Yudong L. , Shuai C. , Ping W.
Published: February 2021

This study focused on Sciaenops ocellatus in deep-water cage culture studying the changes of the main energy substances and metabolites during swimming. Based on our results, a physical energy distribution model was constructed. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) A power function relationship between the maximum swimming time and swimming speed of the red drum was found. (2) At high swimming speed, there was a significant increase in red drum blood glucose concentration, a slight decrease in the amount of muscle glycogen, and a significant decrease in hepatic glycogen. When fish were close to fatigue, hepatic glycogen concentration was close to depletion, so hepatic glycogen concentration in the red drum can be used as an important indicator to determine sustained swimming ability in the fish. (3) There was a significant increase in lactic acid and lactic acid concentration during swimming at a high speed, which indicated that the process of high-speed swimming in the red drum was accompanied by anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration. (4) This study established a simple swimming physical energy distribution model of red drum based on the energy consumption of hepatic glycogen. The model shows a linear relationship between time and swimming speed. (5) A calculation method for the maximum tidal current velocity in red drum farming areas was put forward based on the physical energy distribution model of the red drum and the rules of the tidal currents. Thish may give practical reference for farming site selection.
Growth of Wild Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata L.) Juveniles for Organic Aquaculture
Authors: Capoccioni F. , Failla S. , Buttazzoni L. , Pulcini D. , Contò M.
Published: February 2021

The majority of organic marine fish farms currently begin the production cycle with non-organic juveniles from conventional hatcheries, permitted by the European Regulation on organic fish origin (EC 710/2009) until the end of 2016. Wild juvenile gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) from coastal lagoons and hatcheries were experimentally reared under organic conditions, in order (1) to investigate differences in fillet lipid content and fatty acids composition, and (2) to propose a possible future source of juveniles destined for organic aquaculture. Wild juveniles were readily distinguishable by their fatty acid signature, showing significantly higher ratio levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and n-3/n-6. Fillet lipid composition of organically fed wild S. aurata juveniles was preferable to that from domesticated juveniles. These results seem promising for organic aquaculture, where fish feed is more environmentally sustainable but is of lower nutritional quality
Pentingnya Karakteristik Murid Kristus bagi Jemaat menurut Kisah Para Rasul 2:41-47
Authors: Nelly Nelly , Yanti Murni
Published: February 2021

The success of God's work and ministry carried out by the early church centered on the characteristics of the early church who were disciples of Christ. The church today needs to pay attention to the principle developed by the early church, namely, the characteristics of the disciples of Christ. This article aims to show the important characteristics of Christ's disciples through reading Acts 2: 41-47. By using the descriptive analysis method, several characteristics mentioned in the text are obtained, namely: perseverance, prayer, and unity. In conclusion, believers, congregations, or those who call themselves disciples of Christ, must have characteristics that make them different from people who only follow God as a mere religious obligation.AbstrakKeberhasilan pekerjaan Tuhan dan pelayanan yang dilakukan oleh gereja mula-mula berpusat pada karakteristik jemaat mula-mula yang adalah murid Kristus. Gereja masa kini perlu memerhatikan prinsip yang dikembangkan oleh gereja mula-mula, yakni karakteristik murid Kristus. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan pentingnya karakteristik murid Kristus melalui pembacaan Kisah Para Rasul 2:41-47. Dengan menggunakan metode analsis deskriptif diperoleh beberapa karakteristik yang disebut pada teks tersebut, yakni: bertekun, berdoa, dan bersatu. Kesimpulannya, orang percaya, jemaat, atau yang menyebut dirinya sebagai murid Kristus, harus memiliki karakteristik yang menjadikannya berbeda dengan orang yang hanya mengikut Tuhan sebagai kewajiban agamawi belaka.
Kualifikasi Pemimpin Jemaat Menurut 1 Timotius 3:1-7 bagi Gembala Sidang GPdI Wilayah Keerom Timur
Authors: Ohodo Yohosua , Marini Roberth Ruland
Published: February 2021

Paul has laid out clear qualifications regarding the things a church leader should have. Paul believes that the quality of church leaders who are developed seriously and responsibly in a person is something important and becomes a solid foundation for church leadership. The need for qualified church leaders is also felt to be very important for the Pentecostal Church in Indonesia in the East Keerom region, Papua. Therefore, a study is needed to determine the qualifications of church leaders according to 1 Timothy 3: 1-7. The method used in this research is qualitative with a descriptive analysis approach. The results of this study found that the pastors of the Pentecostal Church congregations in Indonesia in the East Keerom region, Papua have a good understanding of personality qualifications, qualifications for life in society, qualifications for spiritual life and ministry, but still do not understand well about life qualifications. in the middle of the family for a church leader. AbstrakPaulus meletakkan kualifikasi yang jelas dan tegas mengenai hal-hal yang perlu dimiliki oleh seorang pemimpin jemaat. Paulus percaya bahwa kualitas pemimpin jemaat yang dibangun dengan serius dan bertanggung jawab dalam diri seseorang merupakan sesuatu yang penting dan menjadi pondasi kokoh bagi kepemimpinan gereja. Kebutuhan untuk pemimpin jemaat yang berkualitas dirasakan pula sebagai hal yang sangat penting bagi Gereja Pentakosta di Indonesia yang ada di wilayah Keerom Timur, Papua. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan kajian untuk mengetahui kualifikasi pemimpin jemaat menurut 1 Timotius 3:1-7. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapati para gembala sidang Gereja Pentakosta di Indonesia yang ada di wilayah Keerom Timur, Papua memiliki pemahaman yang baik mengenai kualifikasi kepribadian, kualifikasi kehidupan di tengah masyarakat, serta kualifi-kasi kehidupan rohani dan pelayanan, namun masih belum memahami dengan baik mengenai kualifikasi kehidupan di tengah keluarga bagi seorang pemimpin jemaat.
Ödeme Terminallerinde PCI PTS Standartlarına Uygun Özgün Güvenlik Çözümü Gerçeklemesi
Authors: AŞCI Kemal , HATUN Ersin , NOMMAZ Vedat , NOMMAZ Aaron
Published: February 2021

Ödeme terminalleri (EFT-POS) üzerinden finansal ve kişisel veriler geçtiği için dışarıdan müdahale ile bilgilerin ele geçirilememesi çok önemlidir. O yüzden yazılımsal ve donanımsal çözümlerle çeşitli önlemler alınmaktadır. Alınacak önlemlerle ödeme kartı endüstrisi (PCI) tarafından yayınlanan yönergelerde bulunan şartlar sağlanmaktadır. Teknoloji geliştikçe yeni saldırı methodları ortaya çıkmaktadır. Yönergeler belli aralıklarla güncellenerek yeni saldırılara karşı da koruma sağlanmaktadır. Bunlardan en önemlisi cihazın güvenlik sinyalleri ile kurcalama ataklarını algılamasıdır. Bu çalışmada EFT-POS cihazı için kurcalamalara karşı korumalı güvenli bölgenin oluşturulması anlatılmıştır. Güvenliği sağlamak için özgün bir tasarım kullanılmıştır. Maxim işlemcinin kullanıldığı EFT-POS terminali güvenliği için akıllı kart ve tuş takımı koruması kısımları üstünde yoğunlaşılmıştır.
Stability and Efficacy Enhancement of Vitamin C Powder via Developing a Serum – Two Phase System, A New Inception in Vitamin C Delivery
Authors: Saxena Vishal , Yadav Krishana
Published: February 2021

Vitamin C (Vit C) is a potent antioxidant with several applications in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical fields. However, the biggest challenge in the utilization of Vit C is to maintain its stability and improve its delivery to the active site. Several strategies have been developed such as: controlling the oxygen levels during formulation and storage, low pH, reduction of water content in the formulation and the addition of preservative agents. In this article, we highlighted the multiple applications of Vit C and the development of novel serum formulation to enhance its delivery and stability during the application.
PENERAPAN SUPERVISI KEPALA SEKOLAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KINERJA GURU DALAM MERENCANAKAN PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Hasan Marzuki
Published: February 2021

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatkan kinerja guru dalam merencanakan pelaksanaan pembelajaran melalui penerapan supervisi oleh kepala sekolah di SMA Negeri 1 Syamtalira Bayu tahun 2020. Tempat pelaksanaan penelitian ini adalah di SMA Negeri 1 Syamtalira Bayu. Penelitian ini akan dilaksanakan selama tiga bulan pada semester ganjil di tahun 2020, yaitu mulai bulan Agusutus sampai dengan bulan Oktober. Subjek penelitian ini adalah guru-guru di SMA Negeri 1 Syamtalira Bayu yang belum dapat menyusun rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan baik, yaitu sebanyak 9 orang guru. Prosedur pelaksanaan penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dri tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dari hasil observasi dan angket. Teknik analisa yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kinerja guru menyusun rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran setiap siklus mengalami peningkatan, hal ini terlihat dari persentase individu guru. Pada siklus I hanya 5 orang guru yang telah mencapai indikator keberhasilan penelitian. Pada siklus II seluruh guru telah mencapai inidikator keberhasilan penelitian. Hasil angket diketahui juga mendukung hasil penelitian, persentase guru yang menjawab sangat setuju adalah 95,5% dan yang sutuju adalah 4,5%. Hal ini menunjukan  bahwa guru-guru sudah menyadari pentingnya merencanakan pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan baik. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan supervisi kepala sekolah dapat meningkatkan kinerja guru dalam merencanakan pelaksanaan pembelajaran di SMA Negeri 1 Syamtalira Bayu pada tahun 2020.
Nghiên cứu và đề xuất hệ số lớp của bê tông nhựa rỗng thoát nước phục vụ thiết kế kết cấu mặt đường theo AASHTO 1993
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Mi Trà , Trần Thị Cẩm Hà , Akihiro Kato
Published: February 2021

Bê tông nhựa rỗng thoát nước đã và đang được sử dụng ở nhiều quốc gia trên thế giới. Tuy nhiên, việc xem xét đưa ra thông số cường độ của lớp vật liệu này không giống nhau. Tại Việt Nam, bê tông nhựa rỗng thoát nước cũng đã bước đầu đưa vào áp dụng trên tuyến cao tốc Pháp Vân-Cầu Giẽ. Để phục vụ thiết kế kết cấu mặt đường theo AASHTO 93 và tiếp tục áp dụng tại Việt Nam thì việc xác định thông số lớp của bê tông nhựa rỗng thoát nước là cần thiết. Bài báo trình bày nội dung chính của nghiên cứu là xác định thông số lớp của bê tông nhựa rỗng thoát nước trên cơ sở phân tích kết quả của thí nghiệm đo mô đun đàn hồi động tại hiện trường trên đoạn thử nghiệm tại cao tốc Pháp Vân-Cầu Giẽ. Kết quả hệ số lớp được xác định từ nghiên cứu này là một trong những cơ sở quan trọng để kiến nghị sử dụng vật liệu này khi thiết kế kết cấu mặt đường.
XÁC ĐỊNH BIỂU THỨC TÍNH CÁC CUMULANT VÀ THAM SỐ NHIỆT ĐỘNG CỦA CÁC TINH THỂ CÓ CẤU TRÚC LẬP PHƯƠNG BẰNG MÔ HÌNH EINSTEIN TƯƠNG QUAN PHI ĐIỀU HÒA HIỆU DỤNG TRONG QUANG PHỔ XAFS
Authors: Nguyễn  Bá Đức
Published: February 2021

Sử dụng thế tương tác hiệu dụng trong mô hình Einstein tương quan phi điều hòa trên cơ sở thống kê lượng tử và tương tác phonon, các biểu thức biểu diễn thành phần bất đối xứng (cumulant) và các đại lượng nhiệt động qua các tham số cấu trúc mới bao gồm các đóng góp của hiệu ứng phi điều hòa của các tinh thể lập phương đã được xây dựng. Các tham số cấu trúc mới đã giúp mô tả sự phân bố của các nguyên tử. Việc khai triển các cumulant và các đại lượng nhiệt động qua các tham số cấu trúc mới đã được thực hiện.
ĐÔI NÉT VỀ THƠ 30 NĂM CHIẾN TRANH CÁCH MẠNG (1945 - 1975)
Authors: Lưu Khánh Thơ
Published: February 2021

Kế tục dòng thơ yêu nước và cách mạng trước 1945, trên cơ sở những thành tựu hiện đại hóa thơ ca ở các giai đoạn trước, thơ 1945 - 1975 là một giai đoạn mới, có nhiều đóng góp vào tiến trình thơ Việt Nam hiện đại. Thế hệ các nhà thơ của thời kỳ này đã không ngừng nỗ lực để sáng tạo nên những vẻ đẹp mới cho thơ ca dân tộc cả về nội dung lẫn hình thức, và gặt hái được những thành tựu đáng tự hào. Đây là những đóng góp rất có ý nghĩa, làm thành chặng đường phát triển quan trọng của thơ ca hiện đại Việt Nam.
Presencia de Pseudomonas aeruginosas, cepas BLEE y resistencia en Salas del Hospital Solomon Klein, Cochabamba
Authors: Pascual Araoz Danny Junior , Flores Ocampo Adriana Belén , Quiroga Perez Andrea Camila , Almendras Terrazas Brenda , Crespo Osinaga Katheryne Romaneth
Published: February 2021

Las infecciones causadas por Pseudomona aeruginosa y cepas BLEE junto con la resistencia bacteriana, productodel uso exagerado e inapropiado de los antibióticos, han favorecido al aumento importante de microorganismosresistentes a múltiples fármacos por lo que se ha convertido en un problema importante de salud de difícilmanejo. Objetivo: Conocer la presencia de Pseudomona aeruginosa y cepas BLEE junto con su resistenciaen la Sala de Maternidad y Neonatología del Hospital Solomon Klein el año 2019. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de tipo descriptivo y transversal, se incluyó porta-sueros, agarrador de las camas, bandeja del material decuración, llave de los sueros, mangueras de los sueros e incubadoras para tomar muestras de estos.
Resultados: Se tomaron 25 muestras de la sala de maternidad y neonatología de las que 3 (12%) resultaron positivos aPseudomona aeruginosa en superficies de porta sueros, agarrador de camilla y bandeja de material de curacióndel servicio de Enfermería de la Sala de Maternidad. En las 21 (84%) muestras restantes prevaleció la presenciade la enterobacteria Hafnia alvei, en el análisis de resistencia resultaron sensibles a Cefotaxima descartandola existencia de cepas BLEE en el hospital. Discusión: las infecciones asociadas a servicios de salud ocurrenprincipalmente durante el ingreso y estancia hospitalaria y es por eso que la vigilancia de estos patrones facilitaconocer los mecanismos de acción predominantes de los servicios, lo cual, es muy importante al momento detomar decisiones terapéuticas.
Ruptura vesical por cistitis enfisematosa, una causa rara de abdomen agudo: reporte de un caso.
Authors: Reyes García Daniel Alejandro , López Trinidad Sergio Alberto , Luna Meza Karina , Lizcano García Carlos
Published: February 2021

La cistitis enfisematosa es una complicación de las infecciones del tracto urinario de baja incidencia, así como una rara causa de perforación vesical. Generalmente se presenta en pacientes diabéticos y se caracteriza por la presencia de gas en el lumen o pared de la vejiga; puede ser asintomática o llegar a causar un estado crítico de choque séptico. Se debe tener presente este diagnóstico diferencial en pacientes inmunosuprimidos con antecedentes de infecciones en las vías urinarias, para así poder solicitar los exámenes complementarios necesarios y realizar un adecuado diagnóstico. Se presenta a un paciente femenino de 59 años, diabética no controlada, con cistitis enfisematosa complicada con perforación vesical con imágenes típicas por tomografía, y su manejo quirúrgico.
Reporte de casos de ictiosis laminar en honduras; desafío diagnóstico.
Authors: Navarro Turcios Steven Josue , Molina Barrios Suyapa Jaqueline , Moya Trejo Madelyne Geovanna , Moya Díaz Geovanna Michele
Published: February 2021

Introducción: La ictiosis afecta principalmente la piel, posee varios tipos dependiendo el patrón de herencia. Dentro de las dominantes encontramos a la ictiosis vulgar, y en las recesivas la Ictiosis laminar, Eritroderma ictiosiforme, arlequín.La ictiosis laminar es una genodermatitis congénita que según datos estadísticos internacionales reporta 1:200 000-300 000 recién nacidos, en las bases de datos consultadas en Honduras, no se hallo incidencia ni prevalencia de esta enfermedad.Materiales y métodos: Se analizó el árbol genealógico de 6 pacientes más la valoración de las manifestaciones clínicas propias de cada individuo para determinar el patrón de herencia especifico y así identificar el tipo de ictiosis.Resultado: El análisis mostró un patrón de herencia autosómico recesivo, consanguinidad en padres de los pacientes.Conclusiones: La realización de un pedigrí es esencial en conjunto con la exploración clínica para el diagnóstico de ictiosis, en ausencia de pruebas genéticas e histopatológicas.
PERBANDINGAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN TOKSISITAS ANTARA DAGING BUAH, KULIT BAGIAN DALAM DAN KULIT BAGIAN LUAR BUAH MANGGIS (GARCINIA MANGOSTANA L.)
Authors: Yanti Dharma
Published: February 2021

Buah Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) merupakan salah satu buah yang berpotensi memiliki khasiat obat dan telah digunakan pada pengobatan secara empiris (pengalaman). Berdasarkan percobaan terdahulu kulit buah manggis diketahui mengandung senyawa xanthone yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antioksidan,antitumor, antiinflamasi, antialergi, antibakteri, antijamur, antimalaria dan antikanker. Percobaan-percobaan yang terdahulu lebih banyak terfokus pada bagian kulitnya saja, namun belum ada yang menguji dan membandingkan aktivitas bagian-bagian buahnya. Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan aktivitas antioksidan dan toksisitas antara daging buah, kulit bagian dalam dan kulit bagian luar buah manggis.Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dan toksisitas terbaik antara ketiga bagian buah manggis sehingga dapat dijadikan dasar untuk pengujian lebih lanjut mengenai aktivitasnya sebagai bahan obat.Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode peredaman radikal bebas DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl). Suatu zat dinyatakan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan bila nilai IC50 < 150µg/ml,semakin kecil IC50 maka semakin kuat aktivitas antioksidan. Pada pengujian toksisitas suatu zat dikatakan toksik jika LC50 < 1000 µg/ml, semakin kecil nilai LC50 maka semakin kuat toksisitasnya. Pengujian toksisitasnya dilakukan dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) menggunakan larva udang Artemia salina L. Data hasil uji antioksidan diolah secara statistik menggunakan regresi linier untuk memperolehnilai IC50 sedangkan hasil uji toksisitas diolah dengan metode probit analisis secara komputerisasi menggunakan software SPSS 14 for windows untuk menentukan nilai LC50. Berdasarkan pengujian aktivitas antioksidan yang telah dilakukan disimpulkan ketiga sampel memiliki potensi aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 berturut- turut, 1,95 µg/ml ( ekstrak kulit bagian luar) ; 7,00 µg/ml (ekstrak kulit bagian dalam );51,10 µg/ml (ekstrak daging buah manggis) . Berdasarkan hasil uji toksisitas diperoleh nilai LC50 sampel berturut-turut sebesar 6,29 µg/ml (ekstrak kulit bagian dalam ) ; 9,17µg/ml (ekstrak kulit bagian luar) dan1158,47 µg/ml (ekstrak daging buah manggis) sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa bagian yang toksik itu adalah bagian kulit luar dan dalam sedangkan buah manggis tidak toksik.

Kata kunci: Buah Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.),  Uji Antioksidan,  Uji Toksisitas.
Existence of Islamic education in the era of society revolution 5.0
Authors: Afwan Yazid Ahmad
Published: February 2021

Islamic education continues to experience development and change as times change. The shifting and changes in education scheme is a phenomenon which currently happening, the human needs and demands of the times are the reasons that those changes occur. As we all know, this era of society 5.0 is making changes to human life, one of which is the education sector. The problem is how to preserve Islamic Education so it could withstand the era of society 5.0. This article aims to analyze the existence of Islamic Education in the era of society revolution 5.0. Through library research and content analysis, this article confirms that Islamic Education should be able to compete in this everchanging time. The steps that must be taken by Islamic Education in the era of society 5.0, as stated by Rhenald Kasali, are disruptive mindset, self-driving and reshape or create. Islamic Education should be able to utilize technological tools to increase the quality of its education. Islamic Education should increase spiritual, moral and intellectual solidity by increasing the quality of human resources rich in science, technology and imtaq. Islamic Education should have a better sense of development, so the current education institution could be the harmonious future laboratory.
Gait Score, Latency-to-Lie and their Association with Body Weight and Morphometric Measurements in Light and Heavy Genotypes of Domestic Turkey
Authors: Fayeye T. R. , Sola-Ojo F. E. , Obadare A. R. , Ayorinde K. L.
Published: February 2021

Locomotion problems limit access to drinkers and feeders with a resultant effect on birds' survival and productivity. In this study, gait score (GS), latency-to-lie (LTL) and their association with body weight (BWT) and morphometric traits in light weight (Nigerian Local, NL) and heavy weight (Nicholas White, NW) strains of turkeys were evaluated. A total of two hundred day-old Nigerian local and Nicholas white poults were used for the study. Gait of poults were scored at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of age using Kestin gait scoring system. Other parameters measured include latency-to-lie, body weight and morphometric traits at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of age. The results showed that poults with normal walking ability (GS=0) in the light strain Nigerian local declined slightly from 88.4 percent at week 4 to 85.0 percent at week 16, while poults with normal walking ability (GS=0) in Nicholas white declined from 81.1 at week 4 to 16.4 percent at week 16, respectively. The GS of Nicholas White was higher (p<0.05) than that of NL at 8 and 16 weeks of age. The LTL values decreased (1310.1- 555.7 seconds) with the age of birds and were higher (p<0.05) in NL at 8, 12 and 16 weeks of age. Correlation (r =-0.256 to 0.278) between BWT and GS was significant (p<0.05) at weeks 8 and 12 in NW and at weeks 12 and 16 in NL. BWT was correlated (p<0.05) with body girth, keel length, femur length, shank diameter and Tibia Metatarsus in both genotypes. There was significant correlation (p<0.05) between LTL and GS (r= -0.36 to -0.87), BWT and LTL (r= -0.24 to 0.31), BWT and LM traits (r= 0.56 to 0.96) in both genotypes. It was concluded that GS and LTL are influenced by genotype and age of poults.
Bayesian principal component analysis of Nigerian indigenous normal feather chickens' body linear measurements
Authors: Sonubi A. E. , Adenaike A. S. , Dauda A. A. , Alao T. P. , Shonubi B. O. , Iyiola O. A. , Abayomi T. J. , Ikeobi C. O. N.
Published: February 2021

The indigenous chicken is a store house of unique genes that could be used in other parts of the world for improving other breeds. This study was carried out using bayesian principal component analysis and aimed objectively at determining the effect of sex on Nigerian indigenous normal feather chickens' body dimension, describing their body shape, and predicting their body weights from body measurements using orthogonal conformation traits derived from the principal components score. The parameters measured at 16 weeks of age were body weight, body length, breast girth, thigh length, shank length, shank diameter, keel length, wing length, wing span, and tail length on 233 randomly selected adult chickens. Sexual dimorphism was observed in all the traits with higher values recorded for males. Bayesian correlations among body weight and biometric traits were positive (r = 0.09 to 0.651 and 0.017 to 0.579 in male and female chickens respectively). The descriptive statistics showed that the mean body weight was 1.8085 ± 0.263 kg for males and 1.403 ± 0.226 kg for females. The first two principal components (PCs) were extracted for the males, both PCs components account for 72.21%. For the females, three PCs were extracted and they account for 77%. The first PC in each case accounted for the greatest percentage of the total variation. The use of orthogonal body shape characteristics derived from components' scores was more appropriate than the use of original traits in body weight prediction as multi-collinearity problems were eliminated. This led to simultaneous analysis of these body measurements rather than on individual basis. These components could be used as selection criteria for improving body weight of indigenous Nigerian chickens.
Genetic analysis of body weights of Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) in a semi-arid area of Nigeria
Authors: Raji A. O. , Mbap S. T.
Published: February 2021

Production and management of Japanese quail is relatively new in Nigeria but the birds have been attracting national attention in the recent times. This study on Japanese quail was conducted to estimate genetic parameters of egg production traits of Japanese quails in a semi-arid area of Nigeria. In a study that lasted for 40 weeks, 40 sires and 120 dams that produced 1267 progenies (743 females and 524) in three batches were used. The mixed model least squares and maximum likelihood programme of Harvey was used to estimate heritability, genetic, phenotypic and environmental correlations for body weights of Japanese quails from 0 – 40 weeks of age. Heritability estimates from sire, dam and, sire plus dam variance components from 0 to 36 weeks were low to moderate ranging from 0.071 to 0.569. Genetic correlations between body weights at the different ages were positive but varied widely from low (0.02) to high (0.977). However, the genetic relationships between body weights from hatch to 8 weeks were high (0.921 to 0.992). This may suggest that selection for final body weight may be based on early weight records. The phenotypic and environmental correlations were generally high, positive and ranged from 0.572 to 0.995 and 0.776 to 0.999, respectively. Though, the magnitude of genetic and phenotypic correlations of body weights decreased with increase in age of Japanese quails. Thus, rapid progress in selection for improvement of body weight of the Japanese quail may be
Growth rate, phenotypic correlation and repeatability estimates of body weight and linear body traits of Cobb and Arbor Acre broiler strains
Authors: Obike O. M. , Nosike R. J. , Onunkwo D. N. , Obi O. C. , Obasi E. N. , Ofo M.
Published: February 2021

Correlation coefficients are useful tool in animal breeding as a means of predicting potential response. In this study, body weight (BW) and linear body traits records of Arbor Acre and Cobb broiler strains obtained at 3 – 8 weeks were used to compare the growth performance of the strains as well as estimate the phenotypic correlations (rp ) among BW and the linear body traits. Repeatability (R) values of BW and the linear body traits were estimated at weeks 3, 5 and 7. Atotal of 200 day old chicks, 100 each of Arbor Acre and Cobb were used for the study. The linear body traits considered were body length (BL), shank length (SL), chest circumference (CC), keel length (KL), wing length (WL) and drum stick length (DSL). Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed between the strains for BW and the linear body traits at the various weeks. BW differed significantly at weeks 5, 6 and 7, which ranged from 1036.67 ± 36.93 – 1736.67 ± 46.41 for Arbor Acre and 930.00 ± 20.59 – 1563.33 ± 33.26 for Cobb. Arbor Acre showed significant (P<0.05) superiority to Cobb in their linear body traits in most of the weeks. BW had high significant (P<0.05; P<0.01) positive rp with the linear body traits, which ranged from 0.535 (KL) – 0.842 (BL) for Arbor Acre and 0.523 (SL) – 0.834 (BL) for Cobb. The rp among the linear body traits in both Arbor Acre and Cobb were positive but ranged from moderate to high. The R estimate of BW of Arbor Acre and Cobb were all very highly repeatable at weeks 3, 5 and 7 ranging from 0.90 – 0.99. R values for the linear body traits ranged majorly from moderate {(0.31 – 0.67 and 0.37 – 0.69)}to high {(0.78 – 0.97) and 0.97) and (0.71 – 0.92)} for Arbor Acre and Cobb, respectively across the weeks evaluated. The result of this study indicates that Arbor Acre could be a strain of choice for rearing in our study area owing to its superiority over Cobb in terms of growth performance. All the linear body traits measure were good estimators of BW in both strains as well as each other, implying that any phenotypic selection on one trait will lead to improvement of others. The high repeatability estimates of body weight and some of the linear traits indicate that fewer records would be required to adequately characterize the inherent growing ability of the birds at the various stages of growth.
Effects of indomie noodle waste (INW) on serum lipid profile of broiler birds fed during the wet season
Authors: Yakubu S. T. , Olugbemi T. S. , Onimisi P. , Lasisi O. T.
Published: February 2021

Instant noodles are widely consumed in Nigeria, with large of its by-products although high in energy but constituting environmental pollution in the production areas if allowed to lay waste. An eight-week feeding trial using 240 five-days old Hubbard flex broiler chicks was conducted to access the effect of feeding graded levels of indomie noodle waste (INW) in isonitrogenous diets on serum lipid profile of birds. Birds were allotted five treatments containing three replicates having sixteen birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. Five diets were compounded containing indomie noodle waste at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% replacing maize in the diets. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected from severed jugular veins of two birds per replicate and subjected to laboratory analysis for Total Cholesterol, High density lipoproteins, Low density lipoproteins and Triglycerides. Results showed that increase in INW in the diets of broilers increased total cholesterol (148.24mg/dl -192.06mg/dl, SD 61.68) and triglyceride (27.07mg/dL-91.52mg/dl, SD 40.79), favored high density lipoproteins (37.38mg/dL - 77.34mg/Dl, SD 31.88), and lowered values for low density lipoproteins (72.18mg/dL - 112.14mg/dL, SD 58.06) though there was no statistical difference (P>0.05) across the treatments. Indomie noodle waste has the potential to replace maize up to 100% with good effects on High Density Lipoproteins, Total Cholesterol within range and lower Low Density Lipoproteins values.
Performance of West African dwarf goats fed Agro-industrial by-products and Pennisetum purpureum hay as dry season feed
Authors: Obe A. A. , Yusuf K. O.
Published: February 2021

This study was carried out to evaluate the performance of West African dwarf goats fed agroindustrial by-products (cassava peels, dried poultry waste, molasses and saw dust ash) based diets. The study lasted for 120 days during which diets formulated with 0% (1), 20% (2), 25% (3) and 30% (4) dried poultry waste (DPW) replaced cassava peels meal (CPM) in the same proportion. The diets were fed as a supplement to Pennisetum purpureum hay (basal). The goats were arranged in a completely randomized design. Parameters included feed intake, digestibility, nitrogen utilization, and growth rate were studied. The dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) intakes (glkgW 0.75/ day) were not significantly (p< 0.05) different among treatment means. Animals placed on diet 1 (control) had values of 115.51gW0.75/day and 20.99gW0.75 /day for DM and CP intakes respectively. The digestibility of diet 3 (67.35, 80.77, 70.32, 72.89, 72.69, 74.58 and 59.98%) DM, CP, EE, CF, ADF, NDF, ADL and NFE respectively compared favourably with diet 1. The nitrogen retention was highest in diet 3 (75.7%).The live weight gain (g / day) was highest in animals fed diet 1 and that on diet 3. There were significant (p < 0.05) differences in feed conversion ratio and the cost per kilogram live weight gain was highest in diet 4 with 30 % DPW inclusion. It was therefore concluded that feeding of diet 3 (25% DPW) could lead to improved feed intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilization and weight gain in WAD goats.
In vitro gas production and dry matter degradability of cassava top and maize stover mixture ensiled with Albizia saman pods
Authors: Saliu L. O. , Ososanya T. O.
Published: February 2021

In vitro gas production is an indication of microbial degradability of feed samples. Thus varying levels of mixture of cassava top (CT) and maize stover (MS) ensiled with Albizia saman pods (ASP) were examined. The feedstuff were dried and milled for gas determination in a completely randomized design. Samples were incubated using in vitro gas production technique. Gas production was measured at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 h post incubation to estimate total gas volume (TGV), methane (CH4), metabolisable energy (ME; MJ/Kg DM), organic matter digestibility (OMD; %) and short chain fatty acids (SCFA; ìmol/200 mg DM). dry matter (DM, %) increased significantly (p<0.05) as inclusion of Albizia saman pods increases across the treatments. The crude protein (CP, %) contents were similar across the treatments. The total gas volume (TGV mL) produced by the diets were similar across the treatments. The values ranged from 4.81 to 5.26 for ME, 35.16 to 36.32 for OMD, 0.13 to 0.21 for SCFA and 5.33 to 7.33 for CH4 production with no significant difference. The result showed that in vitro fermentation of the mixture of cassava top and maize stover ensiled with Albizia saman pods at 0:40:60% increased the dry matter degradability by 15%, enhanced metabolisable energy, organic matter digestibility and short chain fatty acids.
Effects of varying dietary energy and protein levels on gross morphology and histology of testes of breeder FUNAAB – Alpha cocks
Authors: Saleh B. , Kalla D. J. U. , Mbap S. T. , Doma U. D. , Girgiri A. Y.
Published: February 2021

The effects of varying levels of dietary energy and protein on gross morphology and histology of testes of FUNNAB – Alpha chickens were studied at the Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Bauchi state. Twelve cocks were randomly divided into four dietary treatments; Standard diet (SD) (Control) (2650Kcal/Kg ME/ 16%CP), High Energy – Low Protein (HELP, 2800 Kcal/Kg ME/ 14%CP), High Energy – High Protein (HEHP, 2800 Kcal/Kg ME/ 18% CP) and Low Energy – Low Protein (LEHP, 2400 Kcal/Kg ME/ 18%CP) groups. A total of twelve FUNAAB – Alpha cocks were used for this experiment. The cocks were reared in floor pens under natural mating. At 69 weeks of age, all the cocks were slaughtered and testicles carefully removed for gross morphology and histological studies. A significant (P<0.05) influence of diet was noted on live weight with cocks fed HELP diet being heavier (P<0.05) than those in the other treatment groups. Means for all parameters of testicles measured where not different (P>0.05) from each other. Histological sections of the testes showed that HELP diet had mild effect on spermatogenesis evidenced by the scanty spermatozoa in the tubular lumen. It was concluded that FUNAAB – alpha cocks can be fed diets meant for breeding hens without adverse effect on spermatogenesis. However, feeding the LEHP diet produced roosters that were overweighed with slightly impaired spermatogenesis.
Effects of graded levels of Tetracin® on physico-chemical and sensory properties of broiler meat 1
Authors: Akinwumi A. O. , Odunsi A. A. , Omojola A. B. , Olatoye I. O. , Akande T. O. , Olawuyi B. S.
Published: February 2021

Tetracin® (a feed grade veterinary antibiotic) was administered at 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200mg/kg to conventional starter and finisher feed for broilers for a period of six weeks before the breast meat were analyzed for physical, chemical and organoleptic properties. One hundred and fifty (2 weeks old) broiler chicks were randomly divided into 10 birds per replicate with 3 replicates per treatment. At the end of the feeding trial, 6 birds per treatment were slaughtered, defeathered, eviscerated and dressed. The breasts cuts were however subjected to laboratory analyses. No statistically significant (P>0.05) differences were observed in drip loss, chilling loss, shear force, ash and moisture contents of broiler meat across the treatment groups. However, the cooking loss and thermal loss progressively increased (P<0.05) with the corresponding increase in Tetracin®. Similarly, WHC was also significantly (P<0.05) influenced with increased inclusion of Tetracin®. Crude protein increased (P<0.05) but ether extract was reduced with inclusion of Tetracin®. Meat without antibiotics was highly rated (P<0.05) for flavour, juiciness and tenderness while colour and general acceptability were not significantly (P>0.05) influenced with or without Tetracin®. Conclusively, the inclusion of Tetracin® improved the chemical properties of broiler meat but the physical properties (cooking loss and WHC), flavour, juiciness and tenderness of the meat were compromised especially when administered above 100mg/kg feed.
Preference traits for Bunaji cattle of nomads along Benue trough in Central Nigeria
Authors: Ogah D. M. , Ari M. M. , Daikwo I. S.
Published: February 2021

A cross sectional study was conducted along Benue trough cutting across two states of Benue and Nasarawa in north-central Nigeria, among Fulani pastoralist, agro-pastoralist and transhumant nomads to determine preference traits in their breeding cows and bulls. One hundred and sixty five Bunaji cattle herd farmers were considered in the study which was carried out in two seasons (dry and rainy seasons). The respondents were pastoralist (26.1%), agro-pastoralist (37.4%) and transhumant nomads (36.5%). Seven specific traits were used for ranking breeding cows and five for breeding bulls. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine mean ranks of traits. Preferential traits for breeding bulls were in the order; body conformation 1.46, temperament 2.01, disease resistant 2.46, walkability 2.89 and horn 3.84. While for breeding cows were milk yield 1.62, reproductive efficiency 1.92, body size 2.23, temperament 3.48, fat/butter content 4.28, disease resistant 4.71 and mothering ability 5.63. There were no significant variations on traits preference for breeding cow between the agro pastoralist/transhumant and pastoralist nomads except for fat/butter content which had more value to the pastoralist nomad. Similarly for the breeding bulls which had disease resistance having higher values to the pastoralist nomads. It was concluded that trait preference in breeding bulls and cows was not influenced (p>0.05) by production system. The information generated from this study can help assure that Bunaji breed improvement interventions are consistent with the needs of the intended beneficiaries.
Prevalence of trypanosomosis and associated haematological changes among hunting dogs in Abeokuta, Nigeria
Authors: Abakpa S. A.V. , Fambegbe T. J. , Takeet M. I. , Daramola O. O. , Akintunde G. O. , Okandeji M. E , Okpara E. O.
Published: February 2021

African animal trypanosomosis (AAT) is one of the major constraints to the development of effective livestock production systems. Dogs are human companion and are believed to be sentinels for infection with the human species. This study was to detect subclinical and clinical infection of trypanosomes among hunting dogs in Abeokuta and its environs using molecular technique. A total of 87 dogs comprising of 49 males and 38 females were ramdomly screened for trypanosomes by polymerase chain reaction technique. Among 87 dogs screened, 17.2% were positive for Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma brucei. Prevalence of trypanosomosis in males was 14.3% while the females accounted for 21.1%.Hematological examination revealed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in mean white blood cells (20.9 ± 2.11) and monocyte counts (5.9 ± 0.62) of the infected dogs compared to uninfected dogs. Packed Cell Volume (36.0 ± 3.73) and haemoglobin concentration (13.9 ± 2.10) decreased insignificantly, while, red blood cells (7.1 ± 0.87), lymphocyte (60.9 ± 9.63), neutrophil (33.3 ± 9.16) and eosinophil (1.4 ± 0.42) counts increased insignificantly (p > 0.05) in infected dogs compared to uninfected dogs. In conclusion, trypanosomosis is prevalent in hunting dogs, in Abeokuta.
Influence of baobab (Adansonia digitata) fruit pulp meal on semen characteristics and morphology of rabbit buck during hot season in Nigeria
Authors: Anoh K. U. , Barje P. P. , Iyeghe-Erakpotobor G. I. , Akpa G. N.
Published: February 2021

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of baobab fruit pulp meal on semen characteristics and morphology of rabbit bucks during hot season in Nigeria. A total of 25 bucks of 10-12 months old were used. There were five (5) rabbits per group grouped as follows; T1 (control) and T2 -T5 (Diets with graded levels of baobab fruit pulp meal BFPM at 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5% inclusion levels). The experiment lasted for nine weeks. All managerial practices were duly observed. Semen was collected with the help of artificial vagina, and the semen samples were evaluated for ejaculate volume (ml), semen pH, semen colour, sperm motility (%) and sperm concentration (x 106 /ml). Sperm morphological parameters evaluated were live cells, dead cells, normal sperm, free tail and coil tail. It was observed from this study that 4.5% inclusion of baobab fruit pulp meal significantly (P<0.05) influenced semen volume, colour, motility, pH and concentration compared to 5.5% inclusion level and was similar to 2.5% and 3.5% inclusion levels, respectively. The treatment with 4.5% BFPM also significantly (P<0.05) improved the number of live cells (74.38%), reduced dead cells (25.62%) and increased number of normal cells (77.71%) compared to 65.67, 34.33, and 60.67% recorded by the control for live cells, dead cells and normal cells, respectively. This study revealed that 4.5% inclusion of BFPM improved semen quality during hot season.