bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increasing Knowledge About Stunting and Growth Charts Through Seminars and Assistance for Parents of Students Aged 3 – 18 Years
Authors: Liman Patricia Budihartanti , Dita Setiati  , Yuliana  , Faradilla Meutia Atika , Anastasya Karina Shasri , Yenny
Published: February 2025

Stunting and obesity in Indonesia are still unresolved problems This may be caused by a lack of parental knowledge. StResearch regarding increasing parental knowledge about stunting and the use of growth charts is still controversial. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of health education on parental knowledge. This was a one-group experimental pre- and post-test study involving 61 parents of children aged 3-18 years. A modified structured questionnaire was used to assess stunting knowledge scores through seminars and growth chart knowledge scores through mentoring. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 29.0.2.0. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare changes in scores after the seminar and mentoring training. Post-test knowledge score of seminars and mentoring method improved significantly compared with pretest scores (p < 0.001 for both analyses). The increase in scores for the mentoring method was three times compared to the seminar method (p=0.016). The implication of these findings is that mentoring methods can be considered further on a larger community scale for parent capacity building programs to achieve reduction of malnutrition in Indonesia.
Socialization of Learning Media Maritime English Textbook for Ratings Forming
Authors: Achmad Ali Mashartanto  , Wibisana Pranata  , Riyadi Slamet , Asta Patma Nugraha Markus , Siska Syafni Yelvi
Published: February 2025

This community service was motivated by several problems in the partners, namely the teaching and learning process of Maritime English Subjects is not optimal because there is no textbooks that can be used by teachers and students. In addition, schools need enrichment in terms of learning media to increase students' enthusiasm for independent learning. This community service aimed to provide solutions to teachers and students through the Maritime English for Ratings Forming learning media. The method used is by socializing the use of Maritime English for Ratings Forming learning media. The subjects of the community service were teachers and students. The data collection method used interview or discussion session with the participants. The instrumentation used interview guidelines. The data analysis used three stages namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of this community service prove that the Maritime English for Ratings Forming textbook can be used by teachers as teaching media, while it can be used by students as learning media. Students will get used to learn independently, because there are guidelines in the textbook that are suitable with the learning curriculum objectives. Students' maritime English knowledge and skills will increase with the availability of learning resources. The school's need for learning media enrichment can be met. The Maritime English for Ratings Forming textbook is one of the maritime English learning media that can be given to each student.
Optimalisasi Kepatuhan Perpajakan Desa Karangbolong Melalui Asistensi Perpajakan Desa dan Pendampingan Pendaftaran NPWP
Authors: Hidayatullah Firda , Maharani Arya Putri , Prastyono Anggi , Khubudina Umdah , Saragih Vera Fazlina , Ramadhan Rendi Dwi Putra , Ghatan Anasta Atariq , Anggitia Anita
Published: February 2025

Pemahaman terkait kewajiban perpajakan oleh Kaur Keuangan dan anggota Lembaga Kemasyarakatan Desa (LKD) yang masih perlu ditingkatkan berdampak pada rendahnya kepatuhan perpajakan. Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan perpajakan Desa Karangbolong melalui sharing session terkait kewajiban perpajakan desa dan pendampingan pendaftaran NPWP. Rangkaian kegiatan berlangsung selama dua minggu dengan melibatkan partisipasi aktif perangkat Desa, mulai dari proses identifikasi masalah hingga penyusunan solusi. Tahapan kegiatan ini meliputi analisis kebutuhan mitra, perencanaan, persiapan, pelaksanaan, monitoring dan evaluasi, serta rencana tindak lanjut. Hasil penelitian kegiatan minggu pertama berupa sharing session kewajiban perpajakan bendahara desa mampu meningkatkan pemahaman Kaur Keuangan Desa terkait perpajakan desa.  Sementara itu, kegiatan edukasi one-on-one mengenai kewajiban perpajakan dan pendampingan pendaftaran NPWP pada minggu kedua berhasil dilakukan terhadap 76 anggota LKD. Hasil kegiatan kemudian disampaikan kepada KPP Pratama Pandeglang untuk ditindaklanjuti dengan kegiatan sosialisasi di Desa dan pengolahan formulir pendaftaran NPWP. Implikasi penelitian ini yaitu perangkat desa dan LKD dapat menjaga dan meningkatkan kepatuhan perpajakan di tingkat desa.
Teacher Competence in the Use of ChatGPT for Developing Learning Media in Vocational High Schools
Authors: Tri Aji Purno , Aris Nasuha  , Dessy Irmawati  , Moh Alif Hidayat Sofyan  , Ahmad Taufiq Musaddid
Published: February 2025

ChatGPT technology opens up great education opportunities, especially in supporting the development of educator competencies needed in the 21st century. However, teacher competency in utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology is still low. As a result, existing learning media are not optimal in presenting engaging and interactive digital teaching materials according to the needs of students in the era of education 4.0. This community service aims to improve the competence of vocational high school teachers in using ChatGPT and AI applications for the development of learning media. This study involved 60 teachers from various fields. The methods used were lectures, discussions, and direct practice with online assistance. Teachers were trained to create interactive teaching materials using ChatGPT and other AI applications. The data analysis technique used qualitative descriptive analysis. The post-test results showed a significant increase in teacher competency in using AI applications, with an average score above 4 out of 5 in key aspects such as material usefulness and skill development. The activity results showed increased teachers' ability to utilize AI technology to create digital-based learning media, such as learning videos and interactive teaching materials. This activity significantly improves the quality of the learning process in vocational high schools. This training is expected to optimize teachers' digital skills to face challenges in the era of education 4.0.
Lithic Research Roundtable 14, 2024
Authors: Markó András
Published: February 2025

The 14th annual meeting of Hungarian lithic specialists was held on December 13, 2024, at the Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, University of Szeged, Szeged, organized by András Markó. The abstracts of the presentations and posters are as follows.
PEMANFAATAN DIGITAL MARKETING UNTUK PENINGKATAN BRANDING DAN KUALITAS UIN SUNAN AMPEL
Authors: Salsabila Safira , Adawiyah Robi'atul , Nazzarudin Muhammad Aziz , Pangestu Rizky , Ilham Moh
Published: February 2025

Digital marketing adalah strategi pemasaran yang memanfaatkan platform dan teknologi digital untuk mempromosikan produk atau layanan, membangun brand, dan menjangkau audiens yang lebih luas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya dapat mengoptimalkan pemasaran digital untuk memperkuat branding dan citra kampus melalui media sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus terhadap UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya sebagai obyek penelitian. Data dikumpulkan melalui dua sumber yaitu pertama, wawancara mendalam dengan tim humas dan pengelola akun media sosial universitas . Kedua, observasi terhadap platform Instagram dan Tiktok UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. Digital marketing berperan penting untuk membangun citra positif UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. Instagram dinilai paling efektif karena memungkinkan konten visual. Strategi utama yang digunakan meliputi pengelolaan konten kreatif dan aktif serta pembuatan konten yang menarik dan mengikuti tren. Namun, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya perlukan melakukan inovasi berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan variasi konten, desain, serta penggunaan tren terbaru agar citra kampus tetap relevan dan kompetitif.
Murasaki Shikibu, The Tale of Genji. Translated by Edward G. Seidensticker. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1977.
Authors: Medero Marinés
Published: February 2025

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Pauker, Guy J., et al., Diversity and Development in Southeast Asia: The Coming Decade, 1980s Project/Council on Foreign Relations, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1977, 191 pp.
Authors: T. C. J.
Published: February 2025

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M. M. Y. Fung et al. (eds.), Xiándai Zhōngguo Shixuan (Modern Chinese Poetry: An Anthology, 1917-1949). Hong Kong, Hong Kong University Press, 1974, 2 vols., xxxix 878, 930.
Authors: Maeth Ch. Russell
Published: February 2025

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La UNRWA y la educación de los refugiados palestinos
Authors: Sanguineti Adriana
Published: February 2025

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Campesinado e Islam: algunas reflexiones para el caso de Senegal
Authors: Agüero Celma
Published: February 2025

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Brian Crozier, The Man Who Lost China. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1976, 430 pp.
Authors: Botton Beja Flora
Published: February 2025

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Cronología del conflicto Palestino-Israelí
Authors: López Morales Gloria
Published: February 2025

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Del control de las emociones a la ejecución de la venganza: la cólera femenina en Tereo de Sófocles (Frr. 583; 589 R)
Authors: Moretti María Inés
Published: February 2025

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las emociones presentes en los fragmentos 583 (+ POxy 5292) y 589 R de Tereo de Sófocles. Ambos fragmentos se conservan en el Anthológion de Estobeo y nos interesa entenderlos en su doble valencia: por un lado, despojados del contexto del drama e insertos en la lógica interna que crea el antologista, funcionan como máximas, con valor generalizador; por otro lado, tienen un valor particular como partes sobrevivientes de una obra perdida y proporcionan información acerca de su trama, de algunos de los personajes que intervienen en ella, de las emociones que los atraviesan y del lenguaje utilizado, entre otros aspectos. Los fragmentos que seleccionamos para nuestro análisis se refieren al comportamiento de los personajes femeninos de esta tragedia y dan cuenta de su experiencia emocional -tema que nos ocupa muye especialmente- en atención a los hechos que les ocurren o describen. En primer lugar, resumiremos las propuestas acerca de la reconstrucción de la trama de Tereo, a partir de las fuentes que han sobrevivido de esta tragedia, para continuar con el análisis de su conservación y concluir con el estudio de las emociones en los dos fragmentos que hemos seleccionado para explorar en este artículo.
Development of Edugames on Pancasila Material to Improve Learning Outcomes of Grade IV Students in Elementary Schools
Authors: Dahnial Irfan
Published: February 2025

This research and development project utilizes the 4-D model, comprising four stages: definition, design, development, and dissemination. The research was conducted at MIN 6 Langkat from September to November during the 2024/2025 academic year. The participants included 20 fourth-grade students, 11 of whom were female and nine were male. The edugame focused on Pancasila material, which was the subject of this study. Data collection involved observation, interviews, questionnaires, and testing. The gathered data were analyzed using two methods: (1) an analysis of the edugame's feasibility and (2) an analysis of its effectiveness. The validation from language experts yielded a score of 88.65%, which falls under the feasible category. In comparison, material experts rated it at 90.10%, classifying it as very feasible, and media experts provided a score of 96.75%, marking it as very feasible. The students’ pretest average in the trial was 35.07%, and the post-test score increased to 64.93%. Based on the validation and trial results, it can be concluded that the edugame on Pancasila content for grade IV students at MIN 6 Langkat is both feasible and effective.
Application of artificial intelligence and machine learning in bovine respiratory disease prevention, diagnosis, and classification
Authors: Prosser Haleigh M. , Bortoluzzi Eduarda M. , Valeris-Chacin Robert J. , Baker Emilie C. , Scott Matthew A.
Published: February 2025

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the leading infectious disease in cattle, resulting in significant economic losses and welfare concerns in beef and dairy production systems. Traditional diagnostic methods for BRD typically rely on clinical observations and diagnostic laboratory tests, which can be time consuming with moderate diagnostic sensitivity. In recent years, machine learning (ML) and AI have emerged as powerful tools in animal health research, offering opportunities for improving BRD diagnostics and management. This review explores the current landscape of published literature on the use of ML and AI in BRD prevention, diagnostics, and classification. First, disease classification and pathogen identification models leveraging supervised models and metagenomic sequencing have identified specific community structure information in classifying specific BRD cases. From epidemiological datasets tracking disease outbreaks and risk factors, user-friendly platforms for producers and veterinarians are capable of being generated and deployed, providing customized scenarios, potential economic impacts, and pathogenic effects as a decision-support tool. Veterinarian-operated technologies, such as computer-aided lung auscultation stethoscopes, can automatically calculate lung scores and associated BRD severity likelihoods. Prediction and detection models used to leverage physical characteristics and feed consumption data provide novel methods of categorizing BRD risk. Finally, sensor technology monitoring behavioral or motion-based information provides continuous data on animal health and can enable early automated detection of BRD symptoms. Through synthesizing research in these key areas, this narrative review highlights the transformative potential of AI and ML in improving the accuracy, speed, and efficiency of BRD diagnostics, enhancing disease control and cattle welfare.
Multidrug-resistant wound infections are associated with greater mortality, larger costs, and longer hospitalizations than susceptible infections in canine patients
Authors: Allegretti Delaina , Sumner Scarlett M. , Huber Laura , Hlusko Katelyn , Corriveau Kayla M. , Matz Brad , Tillson Michael
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and economic impact of multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections in dogs at a tertiary referral hospital.

METHODS

This was a retrospective cohort study including dogs with positive aerobic culture associated with a traumatic wound or surgical site infection between July 2018 and November 2023. Data collected from medical records included signalment, wound type, culture results, medications (antibiotics, NSAIDs, steroids, immunosuppressives), wound care, hospitalization duration, concurrent illnesses, surgical variables, and cost. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with MDR development.

RESULTS

80 dogs met the inclusion criteria, and 19 had MDR infections. Multidrug resistance increased the odds of longer hospitalization duration by 2.98 times (95% CI, 1.09 to 8.19), mortality rates by 11.8 times (95% CI, 1.24 to 112.08), and total costs by 3.57 times (95% CI, 1.3 to 9.83). Steroid use within the past year, NSAID or steroid use within 1 week before culture, and initial preculture use of either penicillin or clindamycin in the past 3 months increased the risk of MDR development by 4.51 to 7.4 times (95% CI, 1.71 to 32.09).

CONCLUSIONS

Multidrug-resistant infections were associated with greater mortality, larger costs, and longer hospitalizations. Risk factors for MDR infections included steroid use within the past year, NSAID or steroid use within 1 week before culture, and either penicillin or clindamycin within 3 months before culture.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Multidrug-resistant pathogens have clinical and economic impacts on veterinary healthcare, and there is a need to implement standardized surveillance and prevention programs in veterinary hospitals.
Temporally sparse controls for infinite horizon semilinear parabolic equations with norm constraints
Authors: Casas Eduardo , Kunisch Karl
Published: February 2025

In this paper, infinite horizon optimal control problems subject to semilinear parabolic equations are investigated. A finite number of only time-dependent controls intervening at disjoint positions in the space domain are considered. The controls are subject to integral constraints and a term is included in the cost functional that promotes control sparsity. The existence of optimal controls is proven, first and second order optimality conditions are derived, and the approximation by finite horizon control problems is addressed.
Peningkatan Produktivitas Maintenance Menggunakan Metode OEE dan MVSM pada Industri Jasa Penerbangan Nasional
Authors: Roysen Uti , Jaqin Choesnul , Hasibuan Sawarni , Juniawan Singgih , Alam Fachrul , Daruki D
Published: February 2025

Kegiatan perawatan dan pemeliharaan merupakan salah satu penyebab terjadinya keterlambatan jadwal penerbangan suatu maskapai. Berdasarkan laporan dari salah satu maskapai penerbangan nasional terdapat 39% pekerjaan maintenance tidak dapat terselesaikan pada periode Januari 2022 - Juni 2023. Peningkatan produktivitas maintenance diperlukan agar dapat meningkatkan jumlah pekerjaan selesai dan memperkecil kontibusinya terhadap keterlambatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas pada divisi maintenance. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) untuk mengetahui nilai perbaikan sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan perbaikan, metode Maintenance Value Stream Maping (MVSM) untuk membuat peta aliran proses kegiatan  maintenance sehingga dapat mengetahui penyebab efektivitas dan efisiensi yang tidak tercapai dengan metode fishbone diagram. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa efisiensi keseluruhan peralatan (OEE) yang pada awalnya hanya 29,38% sebelum dilakukannya perbaikan dapat meningkat secara signifikan mencapai nilai 54,49% pada akhir perbaikan. Setelah melakukan pemetaan proses dengan Current MVSM didapatkan nilai sebesar 38,70% yang disebabkan oleh faktor -faktor utama yang berkontribusi pada rendahnya efektivitas dan efisiensi termasuk kekurangan dalam keterampilan, pengalaman, dan motivasi tim, hambatan dalam komunikasi dan strategi perencanaan, kurangnya pemeriksaan terhadap peralatan dan penggunaan alat yang tidak efektif, manajemen persediaan sparepart yang tidak memadai, serta lingkungan kerja yang kurang mendukung. Melalui simulasi yang melibatkan sebuah tim kecil yang dikondisikan secara ideal, nilai Value Added dari pemetaan Future MVSM meningkat menjadi 45,54%.
Part III: Artwork
Authors: Farnoux-Toporkoff Sylviane
Published: February 2025

Part III: A Powerful Moment in the History of Education
Contributors
Authors: Pietrobon Angela
Published: February 2025

Contributors
A Critical History for the Twenty-first Century? Critique, Truth, Method and Audience
Authors: Westberg Johannes , Marsden Beth
Published: February 2025

Critical perspectives have been recurrent in history of education research since the 1960s. In this article, we examine what critical histories of education can be in the twenty-first century, when scepticism towards accepted truths is widespread, and critical analysis has become essential to neoliberal assessment practices. This article identifies four key elements of such research – critique, truth, method, and intended audience – and argues that up-to-date critical histories must engage with these. Using perspectives from Indigenous Studies, it offers reflections on how such histories might be constructed. Although not providing definitive answers, it outlines important considerations for designing critical research, including the type of narratives produced, researcher positionality, the discomfort generated, and how potential audiences are engaged. As a result, this article raises the question of whether research can be truly critical if it does not provoke discomfort for the researcher, or provoke restorative or transformative actions.
Keywords: critique, critical pedagogy, history of education, applied history of education, Indigenous studies
American Education Statecraft and Educational Alternatives
Authors: Glinos Peter J.
Published: February 2025

This article focuses on the Alternative Education Resource Organization (AERO), the primary hub of alternative education internationally, and its relationship to policy movements within the USA. Started by Jerry Mintz in 1989, AERO was a nexus for educational alternatives across the world including democratic, Montessori, Waldorf, Reggio Emilia, free, holistic, and virtual approaches used in public, private, and homeschools. This transnational advocacy network brought together innovative educators from Canada, the USA, Ukraine, Russia, Palestine, Israel, Guatemala, India, England, Australia, Japan, and North American Indigenous communities. AERO was invited to consult for the governments of Japan, Israel, Russia, and Ukraine in educational reforms, as well as NGOs like Dayanand Anglo Vedic in India. Moreover, the organization played a key role in sustaining and organizing the International Democratic Education Conference (IDEC).
This work investigates novel primary sources drawn from AERO’s online archive of the AERO-GRAMME Newsletter and its successor, The Education Revolution magazine, the network’s main publications from 1989-2011. This study examines how, on one side, AERO's members opposed neoliberal policies that were key in increasing federal power over education within the USA such as the case of standardized testing.  On the other side, AERO supported some neoliberal policies, like school choice reforms, which weakened the power of local public schools and inadvertently paved the way for the centralization of education at the federal level. At the core of my argument is the contention that AERO was a reaction against the consolidation of the education state, as can be seen by AERO’s entanglements within the USA. I analyze extensive archival material and document AERO’s connections within the United States of America to understand the paradoxes and intentionalities displayed by AERO.
Keywords: alternative education, AERO, neoliberal policies, educational reforms
Interview with Professor Diana Gonçalves Vidal: Teacher, Researcher and Activist in (History of) Education
Authors: Lange Do Amaral Giana , Brião de Castro Renata
Published: February 2025

Diana Gonçalves Vidal is a full professor at the School of Education at the University of Sao Paulo (FEUSP), the post-graduate programs of the Institute for Brazilian Studies (IEB/USP), and the post graduate programs of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, all in Brazil. She is the head researcher of the thematic project Saberes e práticas em fronteiras: por uma história transnacional da educação (1810- ...), funded by the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo - FAPESP); has a grant for productivity in research from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq), Brazil, at the A1 level. She has coordinated the Interdisciplinary Center for Studies and Research in History of Education at the School of Education (Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Estudos e Pesquisas em História Educação - NIEPHE/FEUSP) since 1996.
Borderline
Authors: Bielak Brooke
Published: February 2025

Artwork by Brooke Bielak
Artwork and Artists
Authors: Bowry Cal
Published: February 2025

Information about the artwork and artists featured in this issue of Encounters.
Mosquitos revolucionarios. Paludismo e industria petrolera en Tampico (1910-1926)
Authors: Torres Montúfar Oscar Moisés
Published: February 2025

Mosquitos revolucionarios. Paludismo e industria petrolera en Tampico (1910-1926)
México en la entrada del torbellino: Ignacio Comonfort, Pedro Espinosa y el inicio de la Reforma liberal (1855-1857)
Authors: Rosas Salas Sergio
Published: February 2025

Recepción: 11 de marzo de 2024                                         ISSN (impreso): 1665-8973
Aceptación:  8 de julio de 2024                                            ISSN (digital): en trámite
El objetivo de este artículo es reconstruir y analizar la relación entre el presidente de la república Ignacio Comonfort y el obispo de Guadalajara Pedro Espinosa entre 1855 y 1857, para comprender desde una perspectiva diocesana la manera en que las medidas reformistas llevaron a un creciente enfrentamiento entre ambas autoridades y cancelaron el diálogo en 1857. A través de la revisión de impresos y de la correspondencia particular se argumenta que, en los veinte meses analizados, la relación entre el presidente Comonfort y el obispo Espinosa pasó del intento pragmático por construir una amistad para la resolución directa de los conflictos a un enfrentamiento irresoluble entre ambas potestades que, con la promulgación de la Constitución de 1857, llevó a ambos actores a fijar posturas tan antagónicas respecto al gobierno disciplinar de la Iglesia que el diálogo y el consenso dejaron de ser posibles.
Palabras clave: Reforma liberal, Episcopado mexicano, Iglesia católica, relaciones Iglesia-Estado, liberalismo.
 
Mexico at the Edge of the Storm: Ignacio Comonfort, Pedro Espinosa and the beginning of the Liberal Reforma, 1855-1857
 Abstract:
The objective of this article is to reconstruct and analyze the relationship between the president of the republic Ignacio Comonfort and the bishop of Guadalajara Pedro Espinosa between 1855 and 1857, to understand from a diocesan perspective, the way in which the reformist measures led to a growing confrontation between both authorities and canceled the dialogue in 1857. Through the review of printed matter and private correspondence, I argue that, in the 20 months analyzed in this paper the relationship between President Comonfort and Bishop Espinosa went from a pragmatic attempt to build a friendship to an irresolvable confrontation between both powers that after the promulgation of the constitution of 1857 led both actors to establish such antagonistic positions regarding the disciplinary government of the Church that dialogue and consensus were no longer possible.
Key words: Liberal Reform, Mexican Episcopate, Catholic Church, Church-State relationships, liberalism.
La historia se escribe caminando. Homenaje a Bernardo García Martínez
Authors: López Preciado Mariana
Published: February 2025

La historia se escribe caminando. Homenaje a Bernardo García Martínez
Legal Analysis Of Violations Of The Prudential Banking Principle In Credit: A Perspective On Corruption And Money Laundering Crimes
Authors: Bayuaji Rihantoro , Indriastuty Dwi Elok
Published: February 2025

This research examined the legal implications of credit defaults in Indonesia, specifically assessing whether cases of payment default or bad debt fell under civil or criminal liability. It also investigated whether fraudulent activities in the credit process constituted predicate offenses, such as corruption, potentially leading to money laundering charges. The research aimed to develop a policy framework for resolving legal disputes related to non-performing banking credit. Employing a normative juridical approach, the research utilized conceptual, statutory, case, and philosophical analyses, drawing upon legal references and case studies to substantiate its findings. The results indicated that the legal resolution of banking credit disputes fell into two primary categories. If bad credit resulted from a violation of the Prudential Principles (the 5C’s), banks as creditors could initiate criminal proceedings by reporting the underlying offenses associated with credit disbursement. Conversely, if bad credit stemmed solely from contractual breaches without elements of illegality, banks could seek redress through civil litigation. Furthermore, instances of fraudulent conduct within the credit process could qualify as predicate offenses, thereby enabling criminal proceedings under the Corruption Criminal Act and the Money Laundering Crime Act.
Konjungsi Subordinatif Waktu Dalam Bahasa Minangkabau
Authors: Yades Efri
Published: February 2025

This article examines the subordinating conjunctions of time in the Minangkabau language. The conjunctions that will be discussed are the types of time subordinating conjunctions and their meanings. Data was taken using the observation method. The collected data was analyzed using the add and match method. Based on the results of data analysis, there are types of time subordinating conjunctions used, namely as follows: initial time limit, time similarity, time sequence, and end time limit. The time meaning relationships found are: the initial time meaning relationship, the time similarity meaning relationship, the time sequence meaning relationship, and the final time limit meaning relationship.
Racial Swearing in Compliments on X: A Pragmatic Perspective
Authors: Putri Aprilia Kartika , Triandana Anggi , Fitriah Siti , Putra Yoga Mestika , Sirait Jeliana Veronika
Published: February 2025

AbstractÂ Â Few realize that swearing is not always used to express negative emotions. It can also be utilized to convey positive feelings, such as compliments. Swearing in compliments is a phenomenon identified on X, the social media platform that was formerly known as Twitter. The purpose of this study is to examine the pragmatic meaning and the pragmatic function of racial swearing in compliments on X. This study is classified as descriptive qualitative research. The data of this study consisted of racial swearing in the compliment utterances on X. The observational method was used to gather the data. In the meantime, the data were analyzed using the identity method by referring to the theories of Hughes (2006), Kreidler (2002), Ljung (2011), and Spears (2000). The results of the data analysis are presented by using informal method. The study's findings demonstrate that the racial swearing in compliments on social media X has the pragmatic meaning of â€˜guyâ€™. In addition, it has pragmatic functions as noun supports and anaphoric use of epithets. As a noun support, the racial swearing was used to assist the compliment word, which was usually in the form of an adjective. On the other hand, as the anaphoric use of epithets, the racial swearing was used as an anaphoric pronoun, a pronoun that refers back to another noun in the utterance. It is anticipated that this study would lessen the misunderstanding that Indonesian EFL (English as a Foreign Language) students may have when interacting with other English speakers on social media X.Â
Metodología para evaluar la resolución de problemas complejos de ingeniería en la optimización de procesos productivos
Authors: Hernández Javier I.
Published: February 2025

Introducción: este estudio presenta la aplicación de una metodología de aprendizaje basada en juegos para apoyar la valoración y evaluación de los resultados de aprendizaje en la educación superior. A través de la alineación de elementos macrocurriculares y microcurriculares, este enfoque busca mejorar las prácticas pedagógicas mediante el uso de espacios de aprendizaje interactivos y herramientas tecnológicas, con el objetivo de reforzar los objetivos educativos del programa.Objetivo: el objetivo principal de este estudio es diseñar e implementar una actividad pedagógica que utilice juegos serios para evaluar la capacidad de los estudiantes para identificar, formular y resolver problemas organizacionales complejos aplicando principios de ingeniería en el contexto de un curso de optimización.Metodología: la metodología propuesta incluye la alineación de los resultados de aprendizaje del programa con el propósito del juego, la consideración de los perfiles de los jugadores, la evaluación y selección de alternativas viables, el diseño de mecánicas de juego con integración de conocimientos específicos, y el desarrollo de prototipos e instrumentos de evaluación de la percepción. En este estudio de caso se emplean juegos serios en el aula para fomentar la resolución de problemas complejos.Resultados: los resultados muestran la comparación de las métricas de rendimiento de los equipos, evaluadas en términos de la utilidad neta, destacando las diferencias entre los resultados de los equipos y la solución óptima derivada de las técnicas de optimización. Además, se exploran escenarios de juego colaborativo, enfatizando los beneficios del trabajo en equipo en comparación con la competencia.Conclusiones: las conclusiones validan la hipótesis de que el aprendizaje basado en juegos potencia la consecución de resultados de aprendizaje, fortaleciendo el proceso educativo de los estudiantes. Además, se evalúa la usabilidad del juego, la experiencia del jugador y la efectividad en la consecución o refuerzo de resultados de aprendizaje disciplinares y transversales mediante una encuesta de percepción.
Feminization of Spanish Regional Parliaments: Influence or Mere Presence?
Authors: Asián Chaves Rosario , Masero Moreno Inmaculada , Patiño Rodriguez David
Published: February 2025

The aim of this paper is to analyze the historical evolution of gender parity in the 17 Spanish regional parliaments from 1983 to 2021 and to assess whether there are still significant gender differences in the representation of women, especially in positions of power in regional politics. We also examine whether the legal and organic measures aimed at correcting gender imbalances have succeeded in increasing the share of power held by women. As a novelty, the analysis is carried out using feminization indices based on the percentage of female representation in the total. Our main findings, as shown in the results, is an increase in female participation, although there is still a significant gender gap in parliamentary positions of power. Regression analysis is used to identify the determinants of women's participation in regional parliaments. The main results lead us to conclude that scrupulous compliance with the standard is not entirely satisfactory, since the analysis notes the persistence of the glass ceiling in political power. Therefore, our study is relevant given the limited literature on this topic, with some of these hypotheses already being considered in other areas, and opening a line of research with the possibility of extension to other positions of power.
Synchronizing Test Encounter Entry for Multiple Autonomous Aircraft
Authors: Sampson Paul , Scofield Jan , Williams Ethan
Published: February 2025

Autonomous systems must safely and consistently operate in the national airspace; thus, developers must exhaustively test all interactions among the systems and other aircraft. Testing must include air-to-air encounters at many different geometries and altitudes to capture the wide range of possible real-life scenarios. As well, all encounters must be synchronized in time in order to achieve the desired interaction at a given encounter point of interest. We propose an algorithm that can generate trajectories for multiple autonomous aircraft from any start poses to any end poses, allowing any encounter geometry to be realized from any initial geometry without requiring additional effort by the pilot. Inefficiencies are thus removed from the test process, the pilot’s workload is lessened, and the margin of safety is increased. We successfully implemented this algorithm on two autonomous aircraft as part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Integration of Automated Systems project.
TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION CHALLENGES AND MARKETING STRATEGIES FOR MSMES IN SURABAYA: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Erwita Monica Adjeng , Handayani Yuliasti Ika
Published: February 2025

The specific purpose of this study is that researchers want to see the readiness of the 14 MSMEs in Surabaya facing competition and their readiness for technology adoption, understanding of brands and product attributes. In terms of this technology, both in the use of machines, marketplaces as a means of buying and selling online and the use of social media as a means of promotion. Understanding brand attributes is also an interesting discussion because the brand is the identity of a product which must then be communicated to potential consumers. This research design uses phenomenology and qualitative study. While the sample selection in this study used a purposive sample, by conducting interviews and brief observations before conducting in-depth interviews using a semi-structured model. The result of this research is that MSMEs in entrepreneurship are the determinants of business sustainability. In terms of technology mastery and branding, MSMEs have weaknesses in adapting to join e-marketplaces, financial and sales records, and not many have standardized packaging labels. The constraints of MSMEs are technical capabilities in using computers and their features, making financial reports, and simple sales reports. MSMEs are required to make more efforts to update basic managerial skills and have creativity so that their products have advantages and competitiveness.
PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI KOMUNIKASI (TIK) DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DI SEKOLAH SD KARTIKA X-5
Authors: Budhayanti Clara Ika Sari , Angelica Clara Athena , Siahaan Ruth Evlin , Situmorang Maria Grassya br
Published: February 2025

Integrasi teknologi pada berbagai aspek dalam pendidikan sudah menjadi hal wajib termasuk dalam pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran. Meskipun telah melakukan berbagai upaya untuk mengintegrasikan TIK dalam pendidikan khususnya dalam pembelajaran, banyak faktor yang masih perlu diatasi agar teknologi dapat dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pemanfaatan TIK yang dilakukan oleh guru-guru di SD Kartika X-5. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskrtiptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi dan wawancara yang hasilnya dianalisis menggunakan model interaktif Saldana, Miles & Huberman (2014) yang terbagi dalam tiga tahapan yaitu kondensasi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa SD Kartika X-5 telah memanfaatkan TIK dalam pembelajaran yang hampir menyeluruh di semua aspek. Pemanfaatan ini didukung dengan sarana prasarana yang cukup memadai seperti komputer, proyektor, speaker dan jaringan internet yang dapat diakses dan digunakan oleh guru. Pada aspek ini, ketersediaan komputer masih dirasa kurang karena pada saat pelaksanaan ANBK, beberapa siswa harus meminjam laptop guru untuk mengikuti ANBK. Pemanfaatan TIK di sekolah ini cukup baik karena guru dan siswa memiliki keterampilan yang cukup untuk menggunakan atau mengoperasikan perangkat TIK dengan berbagai aplikasi. Guru selalu menggunakan TIK dalam pelaksanaan administrasi dan proses pembelajaran. Pada pelaksanaan administrasi, guru menggunakan Microsoft Word dan Excel serta ruang penyimpanan dokumen baik secara luring (flashdisk) maupun daring (gdrive). Guru juga memanfaatkan TIK dalam pembuatan media pembelajaran menggunakan Microsoft Power Point, Canva, dan Quizziz. Penggunaan media berbasis TIK ini meningkatkan partisipasi siswa dalam proses pembelajaran karena media ini menuntut keterlibatan aktif dari siswa.
Bankruptcy & Commercial Law
Authors: Henry Sally McDonald
Published: February 2025

This Article analyzes and discusses cases—arising from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, the Bankruptcy Courts in Texas, the Texas Supreme Court, and the Texas Courts of Appeals—that resolved some fascinating and important issues in the areas of bankruptcy and commercial law during this Survey period.
Civil Procedure: Pre-Trial & Trial
Authors: Sotak Amanda , Colleluori Don , Whitaker Andrew C.
Published: February 2025

This Article identifies, categorizes, and analyzes the most impactful cases in the area of civil procedure decided by the Texas Supreme Court and the Texas Courts of Appeals during the Survey period.
Make America Healthy: Reducing High Pharmaceutical Prices Without Reducing Innovation
Authors: Ragavan Srividhya
Published: February 2025

Cost of medication in the United States has historically remained one of
the highest in the world. The conundrum that the United States has faced in
balancing innovation with affordability of life-saving medications is palpable,
especially when faced with the reality of patent monopolies conflicting with
healthcare obligations. The result is an overflow of issues, which emphasize
the need to delineate limits on innovation to balance pharmaceutical novelty
with robust public health within the United States. This has increasingly
shifted the focus of patent law into the realm of healthcare issues. Naturally,
it leads to an inquiry about how best to engage in an exercise of prioritizing
affordability to enable access to life-saving medications to all people as
opposed to a select few. The casualty of the conundrums and conflicts that
prevail between patent law and its interludes into healthcare access and trade
law is unfortunate and leaves the American consumer literally unhealthy.
Meanwhile, a lack of health equity has forced legislators to engage with
the public health issues of their constituents to explore solutions that improve
affordability and access to high-priced pharmaceuticals. One such legislative
solution, the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) of 2022, forms the backdrop for
this paper.
With that background, this paper engages with simple questions. How did
prices get so high in the first place? What can be done to dismantle barriers
to make America healthy, literally? To answer this, the paper addresses the
root causes of high drug prices. It explores how established policies and
practices, which Americans fund in the first place, limit affordability and
access to life-saving medications. In tracing high drug prices to their source, this paper identifies burdensome legal barriers that prevent both generic and biosimilar medications from entering the market in a timely manner. It
also identifies solutions. Specifically, the paper explores whether, and if so,
how, agency action between the United States Patent and Trademark Office
(USPTO) and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) can
intervene to alleviate the burdens. To do this effectively, this paper uses the
insulin story and the Humira story to discuss market-entry barriers and to
provide suggestions for market entry of generic and biosimilar medications.
PREVALÊNCIA DO USO DE FÓRMULAS INFANTIS EM LACTENTES ATENDIDOS NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA A SAÚDE
Authors: Santos da Silva Luiane Rose , Da Mota Santana Jerusa , OLIVEIRA TIALLA , Freire Sousa Ribeiro Daniela
Published: February 2025

Introdução: A oferta de fórmulas infantis em crianças menores de seis meses é prevalente no Brasil e quando empregada de forma indiscriminada e sem prescrição nutricional pode causar prejuízos à saúde da criança. Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência da oferta de fórmula infantil em lactentes atendidos na Atenção Primária à Saúde de um município do Sudoeste da Bahia. Metodologia: Estudo Transversal, realizado com 75 crianças e suas genitoras em Centros de Saúde no município de Jequié, Bahia no período de março à agosto de 2018. Foram coletados dados sociais, econômicos, de saúde e sobre padrão de aleitamento materno e introdução de outros alimentos, a exemplo da fórmula infantil. Empregou-se a estatística descritiva para análise dos dados. Resultados: As genitoras apresentavam em sua maioria baixa escolaridade, renda menor igual a um salário mínimo, casados/união estável, evangélicas e raça/cor: parda/preta. Identificou-se que 58,7% das mães receberam orientações sobre a alimentação infantil ainda na maternidade, porém a prevalência de oferta de fórmula infantil foi 42,7%. Conclusão: Este estudo revelou elevada prevalência do uso de fórmulas infantis em crianças menores de 6 meses, apesar das genitoras terem recebido orientações sobre a importância da amamentação exclusiva na maternidade, sugerindo a necessidade de promoção e apoio à amamentação desde a assistência pré-natal, no intuito de reduzir o uso de fórmulas infantis e promover o aleitamento materno exclusivo.
PERFIL DE BOLSISTAS DE PRODUTIVIDADE EM PESQUISA DO CNPQ EM CLÍNICA MÉDICA/CANCEROLOGIA
Authors: Freitas Daniel Antunes , Letícia Gabrielle Gomes Silva  , José Almir de Sousa Carneiro  , Wellington Danilo Soares  , Wellington Danilo Soares Filho
Published: February 2025

Objetivos: Examinar o perfil dos bolsistas de produtividade em pesquisa na área de clínica/cancerologia do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) no período de 2018 a 2023. Métodos: Pesquisa quantitativa descritiva, transversal e correlacional. Os dados foram coletados de pesquisadores bolsistas de produtividade científica em clínica médica/cancerologia do CNPq. Os resultados foram divididos em categorias para análise simples. Resultados: A pesquisa de dados revelou que há um total de 29 Pesquisadores Bolsistas de Produtividade Científica em Clínica Médica (Cancerologia) do CNPq. Não foi identificado nenhum representante nas categorias Sênior, 2 e 2F entre esses bolsistas. Além disso, há predomínio no sexo masculino na maioria das categorias. A região Sudeste do Brasil é a detentora da maioria das bolsas de produtividade em pesquisa em cancerologia, representando 65% do total de bolsas.A maioria dos pesquisadores, em todas as regiões, destacou-se por publicar entre 7 e 50 artigos, com a região Sul liderando com 78%. Os pesquisadores do Centro-Oeste apresentaram a maior produção, ultrapassando 10 capítulos de livros, representando 17%. Conclusão: A maioria das bolsas se concentram entre os pesquisadores do sexo masculino e na região sudeste, apesar da grande produtividade das demais regiões, devido ao desenvolvimento histórico da região, com criações das primeiras grandes universidades do Brasil e, consequentemente, maior produção de eventos científicos e mais investimentos na pesquisa em detrimento às demais regiões. Sugere-se o incentivo à divulgação de conhecimento das diversas pesquisas produzidas nas diversas regiões do Brasil, com realização de eventos mais proeminentes nas variadas universidades pelo País, além do incentivo à participação feminina mediante a existência de cotas de gênero.
Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Fractional CO2 Laser Versus Micro-Needling with Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma in Treatment of Acne Scars – A Split Face Study
Authors: Patil Tanvi Mohit , Gokhale Neeta Rajendra
Published: February 2025

Objectives:

Acne and the resulting scars affect 90% of adolescents, posing a significant challenge for young adults. This study compares the efficacy and safety of two widely-used treatments: Fractional CO2 laser and micro-needling with platelet-rich plasma (PRP), to determine a cost-effective solution with comparable results.

Materials and Methods:

A hospital-based study was conducted at a dermatology outpatient department involving 60 participants. Goodman Barron scores were recorded for both sides of the face at baseline. One side received monthly treatments of Dermapen micro-needling with topical and intradermal PRP, while the other side was treated with fractional CO2 laser for 4 months (four sessions). Assessments were made at 4 and 6 months, and adverse effects were recorded.

Results:

Both treatments showed significant quantitative improvements after four sessions and at 6 months, with fractional CO2 laser achieving a 67% improvement and micro-needling with PRP achieving 65.2%. Subjective assessments indicated comparable outcomes (P > 0.05). Notably, laser treatment resulted in post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation in 10% of cases.

Conclusion:

Fractional CO2 laser and micro-needling with PRP demonstrate similar efficacy and safety in treating acne scars. Due to fewer side effects and quicker recovery observed with the combination therapy, it serves as a cost-effective alternative to fractional CO2 laser for acne scar treatment.