bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drug Demand Reduction Programme in India: Recommendations for the Future
Authors: Joseph Sandra
Published: October 2019

India is a welfare-based nation; therefore, it has an embedded responsibility to protect the marginalized communities. However, drug dependency has always been a hidden phenomenon. Focusing on the Indian scenario, this research critically analyses the implementation of the demand reduction programme, i.e. the National Scheme of Assistance for Prevention of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse which emerged from Section 71 of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act. Although the NDPS Act is prohibitionist in its approach and has criminalized the use of drugs, it has inculcated Section 71 of NDPS Act that stated the government can establish sufficient de-addiction centres for treatment and rehabilitation of drug dependents. In order to gain a broad understanding of the implementation the study covered a national perspective by including Chennai, Mumbai, New Delhi and Mizoram representing Southern, Western, Northern and North East regions of the country respectively. The treatment and rehabilitation services were analyzed categorically and thematically by posing specific standards such as availability, accessibility, quality and Protection of Human Rights.

It was learnt that at the regional and community level, no autonomous body was set up for implementation of treatment and rehabilitation, treatment was envisaged through correctional angle, huge gaps in extension of financial support to existing de-addiction centres, weak preventive measures, ineffective training of staff, restricted admission for high risk drug dependents, diverse cases of human rights violation, mismanagement of withdrawal symptoms and prevalence of minimal harm reduction measures. However, on the positive side, the best practices are also being recorded with ongoing study such as positive impact of meditation, yoga therapy, life coaching based on emotional intelligence among other indigenous practices. The focus of this article is to provide a knowledge framework to enhance the quality of policy formulation and disseminate recommendations of the study with the hope that policy makers and practitioners and other concerned stakeholders are better informed of the situation so as to make a positive change in the lives of the users and the society at large.
Nicorandil reduces myocardial injury and improves cardiac function in valve replacement surgery.
Authors: Elfeky Wael , Aboelnasr Mohamed , Sallam Ayman , Haseeb Wael , El-Afify Dalia R
Published: October 2019

Background: Myocardial injury during cardiac surgery is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and proper myocardial protection improves surgical outcomes. We aimed to study the role of preoperative nicorandil in myocardial protection during valve replacement surgery.

Methods: The study included 40 patients who were randomized into two groups: control group, and nicorandil group. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were collected. Creatine kinase- MB (CK-MB), troponin I, malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured 24-hours before surgery then 4, 12 and 48 hours after aortic cross-clamp removal.

Results: Nicorandil significantly decreased MDA (p=0.005 and 0.036), TNF-α (p< 0.001), IL-6 (p<0.001 and 0.003) 4 and 12 hours following the removal of aortic clamp compared to the control group. Additionally, It significantly reduced CK-MB (p< 0.0001 and 0.0002) and troponin-I (p= 0.0002 and < 0.0001) 4 and 12 hours after the removal of the aortic clamp, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, CK-MB, and troponin-I levels between the nicorandil and the control group after 48 hours following the removal of aortic clamping (p= 0.084; 0.64; 0.12; 0.12; 0.75; respectively).

Conclusions: Nicorandil reduced myocardial injury significantly in valve replacement surgery. Nicorandil decreased CK-MB and troponin I and improved postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction.
TINGKAT KETAHANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI PADI SAWAH DI KELURAHAN TANI AMAN KECAMATAN LOA JANAN ILIR KOTA SAMARINDA (The Food Security Level of Paddy Farmer Household in Tani Aman Urban Village, Loa Janan Ilir Subcity, Samarinda City)
Authors: NURHADINAH NURHADINAH , MURSIDAH MURSIDAH , WIDURI NIKE
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study was to know the food security level of paddy farmers household in Tani Aman Urban Village, Loa Janan Ilir Subdistrict. The sampling method was proportional random sampling with a total samples of 40 respondents. The food security level of paddy farmers household was known by using descriptive analysis. The results of this study show the increasing production in the medium category with  total score of 204 and the average of 5.1, food reserve in medium category with  total score of 257 with average of 6.42, food aid in the low category with  total score of 244 with an average of 6.1.The food distribution  includes economic access  in the high category with a total score of 309 with an average of 7.72,  physical access in the high category with  total score of 476 with an average of 11.9, social access is in the moderate category score with total score of 312 with an average of 7.8. The indicator of food absorption  includes food security  in the high category with  total score of 592 with an average of 14.8, and  food diversification  in the low category with  total total of 183 with an average of 4.57.
Función paterna y la subjetividad de los adolescentes en las Unidades Educativas Fiscales Manta, 2018
Authors: Trujillo Eljuri Amira Gioconda , Vera Molina Inés , Salazar Menéndez Nicole , Romero Zambrano Adriana
Published: October 2019

La adolescencia es una etapa de transición caracterizada por la búsqueda de identidad produciendo un estado de vulnerabilidad para el adolescente que necesitará herramientas para insertarse en la sociedad acorde a su cultura. Es en la infancia, con sus relaciones parentales, donde se construyen los recursos que el adolescente usará. Desde el psicoanálisis, la función paterna es explicada como la que provee al sujeto la instauración del constructo “ley” sumiéndolo dentro de la lógica normativa cultural. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los efectos en la subjetividad de los adolescentes a causa de esta declinación. Se estudia desde un formato cualitativo, fenomelógico aplicando la revisión bibliográfica, entrevista a expertos, informantes claves y entrevistas con adolescentes de Unidades Educativas de Manta. Como resultado, esta investigación evidenció la repercusión de la declinación paterna dentro del sufrimiento de los adolescentes, además la carencia de interés de los padres en el área educativa donde se espera que sea la institución, quien instaure este sentido de orden y ley, dejando de lado la propia participación paterna dentro de este ámbito. Finalmente se recomienda abordar estas problemáticas focalizando en los indicadores de habilidades sociales, académicas y valores.
Percepción del usuario de la herramienta informática diseñada por el IESS para el reporte en línea, de siniestros laborales.
Authors: Gamarra Zavala Brenda Pilar
Published: October 2019

En Ecuador, el organismo responsable de las contingencias de accidentes de trabajo, es el Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS), a través del Seguro especializado de Riesgos del Trabajo. Las prestaciones por accidentes de trabajo, inician con el reporte en el portal web. En el departamento de Riesgos del Trabajo de la provincia de Santo Domingo, se ha observado un número considerable de registros en línea con errores.  El objetivo del estudio fue obtener la percepción del usuario, sobre la herramienta diseñada por el IESS para el registro de accidentes de trabajo. Se utilizó el método encuesta, la herramienta fue un cuestionario original,  aplicado a los responsables del registro en línea de accidentes laborales. Se obtuvieron como resultados que un porcentaje considerable de responsables del registro en mención, percibe que la herramienta informática es “difícil de utilizar”; que un considerable porcentaje de los encuestados no cuentan con formación en Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional, y tampoco habían recibido capacitaciones por parte de Riesgos del Trabajo para el uso de la herramienta informática disponible en el portal web del IESS para este registro.
Comportamiento de los niveles de troponina I de alta sensibilidad en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica estadio 5 en hemodiálisis
Authors: Barón Ana María , García Angel Alberto , Juan Guardela Marietta Luz , Rodríguez Martha Patricia , González Camilo , Alarcón Robles Pilar , Betancur Maria Camila
Published: October 2019

*Trabajo ganador del Premio “Trabajo de Investigación Clínica – Internistas”, otorgado por el X Congreso SOLAMI – XXVI Congreso ACMI-ACP, Cartagena 17 – 20 de agosto de 2017

Introducción. Los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) tienen mayor prevalencia de elevación de troponina, incluso en ausencia de síndrome coronario agudo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el comportamiento de la troponina I ultrasensible en pacientes con ERC antes y después de una sesión de hemodiálisis.

Diseño. Pseudoexperimento

Metodología. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años con ERC estadio 5 en hemodiálisis. Pacientes con condición cardiaca activa, uso de dispositivo cardiaco, intervención coronaria percutánea ó historia de cirugía cardiaca se excluyeron del estudio. Los valores de troponinas superiores al percentil 99º fueron considerados positivos antes de la hemodiálisis y una elevación de más del 20% fue considerada positiva de acuerdo con la definición universal de infarto de miocardio. Todos los pacientes firmaron un consentimiento informado.

Resultados. Se incluyeron 33 pacientes con edad promedio de 56 años. Un paciente presentó troponina elevada antes (3%) y dos pacientes la elevaron después de la diálisis (6%). No hubo diferencias estadísticas entre ambos grupos (p-valor 0,8506). El mismo paciente que aumentó la troponina antes la elevó postdiálisis, lo que significa que sólo un paciente elevó troponina durante la sesión de hemodiálisis.

Conclusión. Se encontró una baja incidencia de troponina I anormal en pacientes con ERC en hemodiálisis con una diferencia no significativa de elevación asociada a la diálisis. No hubo relación con comorbilidades. Estos resultados demuestran la importancia de interpretar las elevaciones de troponina como una condición de riesgo sin considerar su elevación como consecuencia de su enfermedad renal.
O ESTÁGIO NÃO OBRIGATÓRIO NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES: ENTRE O PROCESSO FORMATIVO E A EXPLORAÇÃO DA FORÇA DE TRABALHO
Authors: Demschinski Sandra Cristina , Flach Simone De Fátima
Published: October 2019

O presente texto apresenta reflexões acerca da realidade de estudantes do curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia, com o intuito de identificar se a realização de estágio não obrigatório se caracteriza como atividade formativa ou exploração da força de trabalho. O aporte teórico metodológico que dá sustentação às análises é o materialismo histórico e dialético, de forma a explicitar como os estudantes oriundos da classe trabalhadora estão sujeitos à exploração, sob a lógica capitalista, mesmo quando desempenham atividades consideradas não laborais. Os dados, coletados a partir de questionamentos a 239 estudantes-estagiários, nos anos de 2014 e 2015, revelam que: os estudantes se submetem à atividade em razão das necessidades materiais de subsistência e para sua manutenção no processo formativo, fatos que os expõe a um processo que se assemelha à exploração dos trabalhadores em geral; e, ainda, que as atividades desenvolvidas não são condizentes com a fase de seu processo formativo.
A Racionalidade Subjacente em Processos de Implantações Curriculares: um Olhar Habermasiano sobre Relatos de Professores de Matemática
Authors: PERALTA Deise Aparecida , SILVA João Ricardo Neves da , PACHECO José Augusto Brito
Published: October 2019

This study analyzes, according to the principles of Habermas`s Theory of Communicative Action (TAC), the way math teachers were involved in curricular reforms from 1930 to 2013. The data were recorded from teacher reports that experienced reforms in initial training processes or continued. The results show how instrumental rationality, based on a purely strategic communication, has based governmental actions in the context of implementation of curriculum guidelines. There is evidence also that teaching guidelines were always imposed on teachers, however, without due concern for effective communication.
Recebido em: 02/03/2017.Aprovado em: 01/03/2018.
Programa Escola da Família: a Escola a Desserviço da Escola
Authors: MAIA Gabriela Guillardi da Silva , RAMOS Géssica Priscila
Published: October 2019

The Family School Program started in 2004 during Geraldo Alckmin’s government in the state of São Paulo. This program aims to reduce child and youth vulnerability through school attendance. For this purpose, it looks to open schools on weekends so that different social groups participate in cultural and sports activities as well as those focused on themes like health and labor. Thus, it is noticeable the fact that the Family School Program expands the role of the school beyond the regular school program itself. But, after all, what does school mean and what is its purpose according to the Family School Program? Based on this question, the goal of this article was to analyze the role of schools in the Program, using as methodological resources bibliographical and document analysis. The results of the analysis indicate that there is a shift in the role of the school in this Program. The school, in this case, exercises other social purposes that are not related to the curriculum nor the routine of a regular academic week, embracing more of a welfarist quality to society.
Recebido em: 23/03/2017.Aprovado em: 13/03/2018.
Relações entre Pares e Violência na Escola: Percepções de Estudantes Paraenses
Authors: MOURA Gisely Josiara Ferreira , SILVA Lucia Isabel da Conceição , NUNES Tatiene Germano Reis , MAIA Rosely Cardoso
Published: October 2019

This study investigated young people’s perceptions of support at school and peer relationships as well as situations of violence, characterizing the main perpetrators and types of violence. Participants included 658 youths between the ages of 13 and 24, both boys and girls, between the 7th grade and the 3rd year of high school in 10 public schools in Belém. The results indicated that the perceptions about school relations were positive, in contrast, the variable I trust in my schoolmates appears with the lowest average. As for exposure to community violence, data showed that schoolmates excelled in three of the five variables on types of violence: threat or humiliation, punching or punching, and moved my body against my will, respectively. It is hoped that the results can help to understand the exposure to community violence and contribute to the reflection and reconstruction of school practice, with specific policies in this context, which is an important micro-system for the development of adolescents and young people.
Recebido em: 30/08/2016.Aprovado em: 27/03/2018.
Influência do Apoio dos Pais e Encarregados de Educação no Desempenho Escolar dos Educandos em Moçambique
Authors: ZIMBICO Octávio José , COSSA José de Inocêncio Narciso
Published: October 2019

This text presents results based on data collected in a case study carried out at the Community School Nossa Senhora do Livramento (ECNSL), in the municipality of Matola, Southern Mozambique. ECNSL has primary and secondary education and is located in a suburban area of ??precarious construction and difficult access, where most families are low-income. Based on our professional experience, in this school there has been weak support from parents and caregivers, which results in poor academic achievement, lack of discipline and dropouts. This text is divided into five parts, in order to understand the extent to which parental support influences the school performance of learners. In this context, the study aimed to answer the following question: how is the role of parents understood and interpreted by teachers, the leadership of the ECNSL and the parents themselves? Methodologically, we opted for a qualitative approach based on interviews and questionnaires with teachers, members of the School’s management, parents and students, as well as the analysis of some documents. The study shows that the majority of students who benefited from parental support had better school performance.
Recebido em: 03/01/2017.Aprovado em:07/05/2018.
On the Absence of Dark Matter in Dwarf Galaxies Surrounding the Milky Way
Authors: Hammer Francois , Yang Yanbin , Wang Jianling , Arenou Frederic , Puech Mathieu , Flores Hector , Babusiaux Carine
Published: October 2019

This paper presents an alternative scenario to explain the observed properties of the Milky Way dwarf Spheroidals (MW dSphs). We show that instead of resulting from large amounts of dark matter (DM), the large velocity dispersions observed along their lines of sight (σ
los) can be entirely accounted for by dynamical heating of DM-free systems resulting from MW tidal shocks. Such a regime is expected if the progenitors of the MW dwarfs are infalling gas-dominated galaxies. In this case, gas lost through ram-pressure leads to a strong decrease of self-gravity, a phase during which stars can radially expand, while leaving a gas-free dSph in which tidal shocks can easily develop. The DM content of dSphs is widely derived from the measurement of the dSphs self-gravity acceleration projected along the line of sight. We show that the latter strongly anti-correlates with the dSph distance from the MW, and that it is matched in amplitude by the acceleration caused by MW tidal shocks on DM-free dSphs. If correct, this implies that the MW dSphs would have negligible DM content, putting in question, e.g., their use as targets for DM direct searches, or our understanding of the Local Group mass assembly history. Most of the progenitors of the MW dSphs are likely extremely tiny dIrrs, and deeper observations and more accurate modeling are necessary to infer their properties as well as to derive star formation histories of the faintest dSphs.
Prospects of Finding Detached Black Hole–Star Binaries with TESS
Authors: Masuda Kento , Hotokezaka Kenta
Published: October 2019

We discuss prospects of identifying and characterizing black hole (BH) companions to normal stars on tight but detached orbits, using photometric data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). We focus on the following two periodic signals from the visible stellar component: (i) in-eclipse brightening of the star due to gravitational microlensing by the BH (self-lensing), and (ii) a combination of ellipsoidal variations due to tidal distortion of the star and relativistic beaming due to its orbital motion (phase-curve variation). We evaluate the detectability of each signal in the light curves of stars in the TESS input catalog, based on a pre-launch noise model of TESS photometry as well as the actual light curves of spotted stars from the prime Kepler mission to gauge the potential impact of stellar activity arising from the tidally spun-up stellar components. We estimate that the self-lensing and phase-curve signals from BH companions, if they exist, will be detectable in the light curves of effectively

and

low-mass stars, respectively, taking into account orbital inclination dependence of the signals. These numbers could be large enough to actually detect signals from BHs: simple population models predict some 10 and 100 detectable BHs among these “searchable” stars; although, the latter may be associated with a comparable number of false positives due to stellar variabilities, and additional vetting with radial velocity measurements would be essential. Thus, the TESS data could serve as a resource to study nearby BHs with stellar companions on shorter-period orbits than will potentially be probed with Gaia.
Nobeyama 45 m Cygnus-X CO Survey. II. Physical Properties of C18O Clumps
Authors: Takekoshi Tatsuya , Fujita Shinji , Nishimura Atsushi , Taniguchi Kotomi , Yamagishi Mitsuyoshi , Matsuo Mitsuhiro , Ohashi Satoshi , Tokuda Kazuki , Minamidani Tetsuhiro
Published: October 2019

We report the statistical physical properties of the C18O(J = 1–0) clumps present in a prominent cluster-forming region, Cygnus X, using the data set obtained by the Nobeyama 45 m radio telescope. This survey covers 9 deg2 of the northern and southern regions of Cygnus X, and, in total, 174 C18O clumps are identified using the dendrogram method. Assuming a distance of 1.4 kpc, these clumps have radii of 0.2–1 pc, velocity dispersions of <2.2 km s−1, gas masses of 30–3000 M
⊙, and H2 densities of (0.2–5.5) × 104 cm−3. We confirm that the C18O clumps in the northern region have a higher H2 density than those in the southern region, supporting the existence of a difference in the evolutionary stages, consistent with the star-formation activity of these regions. The difference in the clump properties of the star-forming and starless clumps is also confirmed by the radius, velocity dispersion, gas mass, and H2 density. The average virial ratio of 0.3 supports that these clumps are gravitationally bound. The C18O clump mass function shows two spectral index components, α = −1.4 in 55–140 M
⊙ and α = −2.1 in >140 M
⊙, which are consistent with the low- and intermediate-mass parts of the Kroupa’s initial mass function. The spectral index of the star-forming clumps >140 M
⊙ is consistent with that of the starless clumps ranging from 55–140 M
⊙, suggesting that the latter will evolve into star-forming clumps while retaining the gas accretion. Assuming a typical star-formation efficiency of molecular clumps (10%), about 10 C18O clumps having a gas mass of >103
M
⊙ will evolve into open clusters containing one or more OB stars.
Interplay between Delta Particles and Hyperons in Neutron Stars
Authors: Ribes Patricia , Ramos Angels , Tolos Laura , Gonzalez-Boquera Claudia , Centelles Mario
Published: October 2019

We analyze the effects of including Δ(1232) isobars in an equation of state (EoS) for cold, β-stable neutron star (NS) matter, employing relativistic nuclear mean field theory. The selected EoS reproduces the properties of nuclear matter and finite nuclei and, in the astrophysical context, allows for the presence of hyperons in NSs having masses larger than 2 M
⊙. We find that the composition and structure of NSs is critically influenced by the addition of the Δ isobars, which allows us to constrain their interaction with the meson fields, taking into account astrophysical information. Imposing that the EoS is stable and ensures the existence of 2 M
⊙ NSs, as well as requiring agreement with data of Δ excitation in nuclei, we find that, in the absence of other mechanisms stiffening the EoS at high densities, the interaction of the Δ isobars with the sigma and omega meson fields must be at least 10% stronger than those of the nucleons. Moreover, the NS moment of inertia turns out to be sensitive to the presence of Δ isobars, whereas the inclusion of Δ isobars in the EoS allows for smaller stellar radii and for a lower value of the tidal deformability, consistent with the analysis of the GW170817 merger event.
A Flaring AGN in a ULIRG Candidate in Stripe 82
Authors: Prakash Abhishek , Chary Ranga Ram , Helou George , Faisst Andreas , Graham Matthew J. , Masci Frank J. , Shupe David L. , Lee Bomee
Published: October 2019

We report the discovery of a mid-infrared variable AGN that is hosted by an ultraluminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) in the Sloan Stripe 82 field. WISE J030654.88+010833.6 is a red, extended galaxy, which we estimate to be at a photometric redshift of 0.28 ≤ z ≤ 0.31, based on its optical and near-infrared spectral energy distribution (SED). The factor of two variability over 8 yr seen in the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) 3.4 and 4.6 μm wavelength channels is not clearly correlated with optical variability in archival data. Based on our estimation of the physical parameters of the host galaxy, J030654.88+010833.6 is possibly a composite AGN/starburst ULIRG in a phase where high star formation ∼70 M
⊙ yr−1 is occurring. Our estimate of the black hole mass to stellar mass ratio also appears to be consistent with that of broad line AGN in the local universe. The long-term variability of J030654.88+010833.6 as seen in the WISE W1 and W2 light curves is likely due to variations in the accretion rate, with the energy being reprocessed by dust in the vicinity of the AGN.
Magnetic Field Line Twisting by Photospheric Vortices: Energy Storage and Release
Authors: Rappazzo A. F. , Velli M. , Dahlburg R. B. , Einaudi G.
Published: October 2019

We investigate the dynamics of a closed-corona Cartesian reduced magnetohydrodynamic model where photospheric vortices twist the coronal magnetic field lines. We consider two corotating or counterrotating vortices localized at the center of the photospheric plate and, additionally, more corotating vortices that fill the plate entirely. Our investigation is specifically devoted to studying the fully nonlinear stage, after the linear stage during which the vortices create laminar and smoothly twisting flux tubes. Our main goal is to understand the dynamics of the photospheric vortices twisting the field lines of a coronal magnetic configuration permeated by finite-amplitude broadband fluctuations. We find that, depending on the system parameters and the arrangement and handedness of the photospheric vortices, an inverse cascade storing a significant amount of magnetic energy may or may not occur. In the first case, a reservoir of magnetic energy available to large events, such as destabilization of a pre–coronal mass ejection (CME) configuration, develops, while in the second case, the outcome is a turbulent heated corona. Although our geometry is simplified, our simulations are shown to have relevant implications for coronal dynamics and CME initiation.
The Massive Star-forming Regions Omnibus X-ray Catalog, Third Installment
Authors: Townsley Leisa K. , Broos Patrick S. , Garmire Gordon P. , Povich Matthew S.
Published: October 2019

We offer to the star formation community the third installment of the Massive Star-forming Regions (MSFRs) Omnibus X-ray Catalog (MOXC3), a compilation of X-ray point sources detected in 50 archival Chandra Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer observations of 14 Galactic MSFRs and surrounding fields. The MOXC3 MSFRs are NGC 2264, NGC 6193, RCW 108-IR, Aur OB1, DR15, NGC 6231, Berkeley 87, NGC 6357, AFGL 4029, h Per (NGC 869), NGC 281, Onsala 2S, G305, and RCW 49 (Wd 2); they have distances of 0.7–4.2 kpc. Most exhibit clumped or clustered young stellar populations; several contain at least two distinct massive young stellar clusters. The total MOXC3 catalog includes 27,923 X-ray point sources. We take great care to identify even the faintest X-ray point sources across these fields. This allows us to remove this point source light, revealing diffuse X-ray structures that pervade and surround MSFRs, often generated by hot plasmas from massive star feedback. As we found in MOXC1 and MOXC2, diffuse X-ray emission is traceable in all MOXC3 MSFRs; here we perform spectral fitting to investigate the origins of selected diffuse regions. Once again, MOXC3 shows the value of high spatial resolution X-ray studies of MSFRs enabled by Chandra.
The vertebral artery convergence to the cervical spine in elders
Authors: Alicioglu Banu , Gulekon Nadir
Published: October 2019

Background: In the older population, tortuosity of the vertebral artery (VA), uncovertebral joint (UVJ) osteoarthritis, and abnormal vertebral alignment may alter the normal anatomy.

Aim: We aimed to determine the anatomical variations and relationships between the cervical segment of the VA and the cervical spine with regard to ageing.

Materials and methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the computed tomography angiography scans of 110 subjects were reviewed. Any variations in the VA, UVJ degeneration were identified. The distance between the VA and uncinate process (UP) was measured electronically. The distance between the VA and UP were compared according to the age group (group A > 45, group B = 45-65, and group C > 65 years-old).

Results: With regard to the transverse foramen, 7.2% of the cases had entering abnormalities of the VA, while in one case (0.83%), the right VA had an exiting abnormality (exiting from the C2 instead of the C1). UVJ degeneration was found to be significantly higher in the older age group (p > 0.05). Furthermore, at the C4-C7 levels, the distances between the VA and UP were significantly smaller in the older age group (p > 0.01).

Conclusions: The VA-UP distance has been shown to decrease due to increasing UVJ osteoarthritis in the elderly. The convergence of the VA toward the spine occurs at the most mobile segment of the cervical spine, and this anatomical alteration may predispose temporary and/or permanent vertebral artery occlusion clinically, and be dangerous during cervical spine surgery.
Plastome of Quercus xanthoclada and comparison of genomic diversity amongst selected Quercus species using genome skimming
Authors: Hinsinger Damien Daniel , Strijk Joeri Sergej
Published: October 2019

The genusQuercusL. contains several of the most economically important species for timber production in the Northern Hemisphere. It was one of the first genera described, but genetic diversity at a global scale within and amongst oak species remains unclear, despite numerous regional or species-specific assessments. To evaluate global plastid diversity in oaks, we sequenced the complete chloroplast ofQuercus xanthocladaand compared its sequence with those available from other main taxonomic groups inQuercus. We quantify genomic divergence amongst oaks and performed a sliding window analysis to detect the most variable regions amongst members of the various clades, as well as divergent regions occurring in specific pairs of species. We identified private and shared SNPs amongst oaks species and sections and stress the need for a large global assessment of genetic diversity in this economically and ecologically important genus.
Review of the mudflat varunid crab genus Metaplax (Crustacea, Brachyura, Varunidae) from East Asia and northern Vietnam
Authors: Shih Hsi-Te , Hsu Jhih-Wei , Wong Kingsley J. H. , Ng Ngan Kee
Published: October 2019

Intertidal mudflat crabs of the genus Metaplax H. Milne Edwards, 1852 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Varunidae) from China, Taiwan, and northern Vietnam are taxonomically revised by morphological and molecular evidence. These crabs show sexual dimorphism and morphological variation of a considerable range in the infraorbital ridge, one of the primary features previously used for species identification. In this study, four species were identified from the region: M. elegans De Man, 1888; M. longipes Stimpson, 1858; M. sheni Gordon, 1930; and M. tredecim Tweedie, 1950. Based on the results of the morphological examination, and as confirmed by molecular evidence from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), taxonomic confusion surrounding M. longipes was resolved, and M. takahasii Sakai, 1939, is considered a junior synonym of M. longipes. The geographical distribution of Metaplax longipes extends along the shores of China, north to Jiangsu, whereas the Southeast Asian M. tredecim was newly recorded from northern Vietnam and Hong Kong.
Development of a Scoring Tool for Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Evaluation of its Interrater Reliability
Authors: Zhao Yongdong , Sato T. Shawn , Nielsen Sabrina M. , Beer Meinrad , Huang Mingqian , Iyer Ramesh S. , McGuire Michael , Ngo Anh-Vu , Otjen Jeffrey P. , Panwar Jyoti , Stimec Jennifer , Thapa Mahesh , Toma Paolo , Taneja Angela , Gove Nancy E. , Ferguson Polly J.
Published: October 2019

Objective.

Serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations are often needed in chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) to determine the objective response to treatment. Our objectives in this study were (1) to develop a consensus-based MRI scoring tool for clinical and research use in CNO; and (2) to evaluate interrater reliability and agreement using whole-body (WB)-MRI from children with CNO.

Methods.

Eleven pediatric radiologists discussed definitions and grading of signal intensity, size of signal abnormality within bone marrow, and associated features on MRI through monthly conference calls and a consensus meeting, using a nominal group technique in July 2017. WB-MRI scans from children with CNO were deidentified for training reading and an interrater reliability study. The reading by each radiologist was conducted in a randomized order. Interrater reliability for abnormal signal and severity were assessed using free-marginal κ statistics.

Results.

Radiologists reached a consensus on grading CNO-specific MRI findings and on describing bone units based on anatomy. A total of 45 sets of WB-MRI scans, including 4 sets of non-CNO MRI examinations, were selected for the final reading. The mean κ of each category of bones was > 0.7 with majority > 0.9 demonstrating substantial/almost perfect interrater reliability of readings among radiologists. The agreement on signal intensity and the size of signal abnormality within the most commonly affected bones (femur and tibia) were lower than those of other bones.

Conclusion.

The chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis magnetic resonance imaging scoring (CROMRIS) tool is a comprehensive standardized scoring tool for MRI in children with CNO. Our interrater study demonstrated good interrater reliability and agreement of readings.
Quand le sport se met au service du management : la fabrique du « salarié de haut-niveau »
Authors: Dalla Pria Yan
Published: October 2019

À partir de l’étude de séminaires de formation mêlant pratiques sportives et développement personnel, cet article analyse le processus de façonnage par l’entreprise de ses salariés en vue d’optimiser leur épanouissement au travail, source supposée de gains de productivité. Cette approche assimile ainsi l’être humain à un capital optimisable dans lequel il s’agirait d’investir. Elle participe ce faisant de la diffusion d’une morale bioéconomique qui possède un effet dépolitisant et exerce sur ceux qui ne s’y conforment pas des rapports de domination symbolique potentiellement violents.
La cour du roi et les cours des vice-rois : la crise du gouvernement de la monarchie espagnole au XVII e siècle
Authors: Rivero Rodríguez Manuel
Published: October 2019

Depuis le xix e  siècle, la tradition historiographique désigne les années 1640 comme une période de crise de la monarchie espagnole : le moment décisif d’une décadence devenue irrémédiable alors que son empire commence à se disloquer. Ce processus a été interprété comme le résultat de l’échec de la centralisation étatique (caractérisé au contraire par sa réussite en France). Les révolutions au Mexique, en Catalogne, au Portugal, en Sicile et à Naples ont été analysées comme des mouvements périphériques de résistance contre la centralisation promue par le comte-duc d’Olivares. En réalité, la crise a été provoquée par les insuffisances du système vice-royal et par une décentralisation excessive. Elle n’a pas constitué une réaction contre une intervention croissante de Madrid à Mexico, Barcelone, Lisbonne, Palerme et Naples, mais elle s’explique, tout au contraire, par un renoncement. La politique du comte-duc tendait à envisager la Monarchie comme une confédération, mais au sein de cet ensemble les liens étaient si faibles que son projet de vice-royautés, au sens strict du terme, avec une faible tutelle de Madrid, a favorisé l’indépendance du Portugal ainsi que les soulèvements d’autres territoires dans lesquels les sujets revendiquaient la présence du roi et rejetaient celle des mauvais gouvernants qui le représentaient.
Faire la révolution par les droits de l’homme
Authors: Copello David
Published: October 2019

Résumé Cet article propose de revisiter l’opposition, classique en histoire des idées politiques, entre gauches révolutionnaires et droits de l’homme. À partir de l’analyse d’une organisation militante argentine des années 1970 et 1980, on y montre que le militantisme pour les droits de l’homme peut se combiner de plusieurs manières au militantisme révolutionnaire. Des logiques de simultanéité temporelle, de superposition subjective et organisationnelle, et des processus de réfraction entre espace des droits de l’homme et champ politique sont alors mis en évidence, l’imbrication de ces deux univers devenant une donnée fondamentale pour en comprendre les évolutions. L’intérêt d’une histoire contextuelle des idées à partir de leurs usages, intégrant l’analyse des dynamiques militantes à l’étude du fait intellectuel, se trouve ainsi souligné.
Devenir(s) militants
Authors: Rossier Thierry , Fillieule Olivier
Published: October 2019

Résumé À partir de 366 entretiens biographiques et 284 calendriers de vie collectés auprès de militant.e.s des années 1968 dans cinq métropoles françaises, et dans le cadre d’une recherche collective qui explore les conséquences biographiques de leur engagement tant dans leur sphère de vie militante que professionnelle et affective (Sombrero, 2013-2018), nous proposons une stratégie originale de traitement de ces données biographiques. En associant analyse de séquences, analyse des correspondances multiples, analyse factorielle multiple et analyse de clustering , nous avançons une proposition de méthode pour mieux répondre aux exigences théoriques d’une analyse interactionniste en termes de carrière. Laquelle permet de produire des typologies incarnées par des portraits représentatifs de chaque groupe identifié.
Using an Interactive Framework to Assess a Cultural Simulation for Learning: Tag Team Patient Safety Simulation
Authors: Greenawalt Julia A. , Hawkins Paul M.
Published: October 2019

Background:

The purpose of this pilot study, a replication of a study that originated in Australia for large classroom sizes, was to assess the effect of a culturally sensitive simulation-based pedagogical strategy on student learning.

Method:

This quasi-experimental approach, using a pretest–posttest design with a nonequivalent simulation (
n
= 43) and nonsimulation (
n
= 73) group, mimics an approach called Tag Team Patient Safety Simulation. A scenario was enacted focusing on the cultural needs of Nasifah, a 67-year-old woman requiring home-based palliative care. Challenging conversations were navigated by participants and observers through the engagement of antagonist and cue cards.

Results:

The simulation-based strategy improved student understanding of working with culturally sensitive populations.

Conclusion:

This improvement had no greater learning effect than with the traditional based pedagogical strategy. However, student engagement may have been greater. The need to measure retention, the implications of the findings, the limitations of the study, and directions for future research are discussed.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2019;58(10):591–594.]
The Effect of Pupil Dilation on Scanning Laser Polarimetry With Variable Corneal Compensation
Authors: Horani Amjad , Frenkel Shahar , Blumenthal Eytan Z.
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The feasibility and reproducibility of scanning laser polarimetry performed through dilated pupils rather than through non-dilated pupils was tested. PATIENTS AND METHODS One eye each of 36 subjects (12 normal, 12 suspected glaucoma, and 12 glaucoma) was scanned using a single GDx unit with variable corneal compensator (GDx-VCC; Laser Diagnostic Technologies, Inc., San Diego, CA). Two scans prior to and two scans after dilation were performed on each study eye, resetting the cornea compensation prior to each scan. The dilated eye was viewed off-center, such that the whitish focusing patch was projected on the 9-o’clock peripheral iris. After adequate anteroposterior focus, the pupil was centered and a scan was acquired. Each of 5 GDx parameters was evaluated comparing the pre-dilation and post-dilation scans. RESULTS No statistically significant difference was found between pre-dilation and post-dilation measurements. There was a high pre-dilation to post-dilation correlation of 98%, 98%, 98%, 93%, and 95% for nerve fiber indicator, TSNIT average, TSNIT standard deviation, superior average, and inferior average, respectively. Less than 5% of the measurement variability was attributed to changes in pupil size (R2 ranging from 0.024 to 0.047). Stratifying the data by diagnostic groups yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacologic mydriasis was not found to influence the retinal nerve fiber layer measurements acquired using the GDx-VCC. Results were comparable to scans achieved in the same eyes prior to dilation. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:212-216.] AUTHORS From the Department of Ophthalmology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. Accepted for publication October 30, 2005. Dr. Blumenthal has received research support from Laser Diagnostic Technologies, Inc., San Diego, CA. Address reprint requests to Eytan Z. Blumenthal, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah University Hospital, P. O. Box 12000, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
Correlating Structure With Function in End-Stage Glaucoma
Authors: Horani Amjad , Blumenthal Eytan Z. , Sasikumar Rajesh , Garudadri Chandrasekhar , Udaykumar Addepalli , Ravi Thomas
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To correlate structure and function in eyes with end-stage glaucoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-six eyes of 48 patients with glaucoma presenting with end-stage glaucoma underwent scanning laser polarimetry (SLP) imaging using a commercially available GDxvariable corneal compensator unit (GDx-VCC; Laser Diagnostics Technologies, Inc., San Diego, CA). End-stage glaucoma was defined by both disc appearance and standard automated perimetry visual field criteria. Standard automated perimetry parameters included: mean deviation, pattern standard deviation, and total deviation plot. GDx parameters included: TSNIT average, superior average, inferior average, TSNIT standard deviation, and nerve fiber indicator. RESULTS The visual field mean deviation was -26.75 ± 3.50 dB. The remaining retinal nerve fiber layer measured in this group of eyes was: TSNIT average, 29.76 ± 5.81 µm; superior average, 30.76 ± 6.25 µm; and inferior average, 31.14 ± 7.20 µm. A low structure-function correlation was found when analyzing separately the superior and inferior hemifields (R2 = 0.00001, R2 = 0.0016, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In eyes with end-stage glaucoma, very thin but existing retinal nerve fiber layer is found on SLP. Such values rarely dropped below 10 to 20 µm. A flattening of the GDx TSNIT pattern was seen, and the correlation between structure and function was not evident. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:218-223.] AUTHORS From the Department of Ophthalmology (EZB, AH), Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; and the L. V. Prasad Eye Institute (RS, CG, AU, RT), Hyderabad, India. Accepted for publication October 21, 2005. Dr. Blumenthal has received research support from Laser Diagnostic Technologies, Inc., San Diego, CA. Address reprint requests to Eytan Z. Blumenthal, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah University Hospital, P. O. Box 12000, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
A Preoperative Mixture of Anesthetic Jelly, Dilating Drops, Antibiotics, and Anti-inflammatories for Cataract Surgery
Authors: Bohigian George M.
Published: October 2019

A technique of using a preoperative mixture of topical anesthetic jelly, mydriatics, antibiotics, and anti-inflammatories for cataract surgery is described. The goals of this technique are to improve efficiency and effectiveness and obtain optimal pupillary dilation with an intracameral antibiotic level. Using an all-inone mixture can be highly effective and efficient for the surgical nursing staff. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:261-262.]AUTHORFrom the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri. Accepted for publication December 9, 2005. Address reprint requests to George M. Bohigian, MD, 2821 N. Ballas Road, Suite 240, St. Louis, MO 63131.
Hypopyon and Pseudoendophthalmitis Associated With Chronic Vitreous Hemorrhage
Authors: Flynn Harry W. , Nguyen Jackie K. , Fung Anne E. , Scott Ingrid U.
Published: October 2019

Infectious endophthalmitis is an uncommon but potentially devastating eye disease. Although the presence of a hypopyon is considered one of the hallmark clinical signs of infectious endophthalmitis, hypopyon associated with non-infectious causes may occur. Two patients with hypopyon and pseudoendophthalmitis secondary to chronic vitreous hemorrhage are described. In both cases, the hypopyon improved without the use of intravitreal antibiotics. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:317-319.] AUTHORS From the Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Accepted for publication February 18, 2006. Address reprint requests to Harry W. Flynn, Jr., MD, 900 NW 17th Street, Miami, FL 33136.
Neodymium:YAG Laser Peripheral Iridotomy: Cause of a Visually Incapacitating Cataract?
Authors: Dhawahir-Scala Felipe Eduardo , Clark David
Published: October 2019

Neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser peripheral iridotomy is the procedure of choice to treat and avoid further episodes of angle-closure glaucoma. A patient who developed a visually incapacitating posterior subcapsular lens opacity shortly after Nd:YAG laser peripheral iridotomy is described. The patient underwent cataract surgery and achieved a good level of visual acuity postoperatively. The intraocular pressure remained under control with no medical treatment. This case suggests a possible, albeit rare, potential complication of Nd:YAG laser peripheral iridotomy. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:330-332.] AUTHORS From the Manchester Royal Eye Hospital (FED-S), Manchester; and the University Hospital Aintree (DC), Liverpool, United Kingdom. Accepted for publication April 2, 2006. Address reprint requests to Felipe Eduardo Dhawahir-Scala, MRCSEd, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WH, United Kingdom.
L’ordre scolaire local des établissements : analyse de différentes formes de travail institutionnel avec les élèves et leurs familles
Authors: Jacobs Marie
Published: October 2019

Cette contribution s’appuie sur une enquête ethnographique menée dans deux écoles secondaires à Bruxelles. L’étude démontre que, dans un système scolaire hiérarchisé et très inégalitaire, face aux nouvelles problématiques sociales et culturelles présentes dans l’enceinte scolaire, le projet d’établissement se construit nécessairement dans une articulation particulière avec l’environnement local. Ces changements qui affectent le travail institutionnel font émerger de nouvelles formes d’agir professionnel qui s’appuient sur une pluralité de cadres de référence. L’analyse examine plus spécifiquement le rôle de l’éducateur scolaire dans la construction d’un ordre scolaire local avec le quartier et les familles des élèves. La mise en œuvre du projet d’établissement se réalise alors sous deux formes idéal-typiques : l’école éducative, celle qui résiste à son territoire et travaille pour autrui ; et l’école partenaire, celle qui recherche une alliance avec son territoire et lutte contre des formes de travail institutionnel sans autrui.