bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflections of Low-Income, Second-Generation Latinas About Experiences in Depression Therapy
Authors: Heilemann MarySue V. , Pieters Huibrie C. , Dornig Katrina
Published: January 2016

Depression is higher among second-generation Latinas compared with immigrants, but mental health treatment is stigmatized. Therefore, second-generation Latinas were interviewed after completing an eight-session depression treatment program to gain insight on what they found valuable about their therapy experiences. Constructivist grounded theory guided data collection and analysis which showed that women valued treatment more when they recognized their needs were being met, the therapist was a worthy copilot, and the program’s structure had flexibility. Four processes were considered important to their work in therapy: understanding feelings about past events, seeing patterns, accepting self, and changing family patterns but still being “family.” Post therapy, women valued their enhanced confidence and a “toolbelt” of techniques they gained for self-treatment. These findings have implications for designing future depression treatment programs that are more likely to be desirable and effective for the growing subgroup of underserved second-generation Latinas in the United States.
Use of Social Media Among Individuals Who Suffer From Post-Traumatic Stress
Authors: Salzmann-Erikson Martin , Hiçdurmaz Duygu
Published: January 2016

Suffering from post-traumatic stress impacts and restricts the life situation of the individual on several levels, not least regarding social difficulties. Social media on the Internet facilitate new possibilities for interaction and communication. Earlier research has demonstrated that people use social media to seek support and to discuss health-related issues. The current study aimed to describe how individuals suffering from post-traumatic stress use social media to convey authentic narratives of their daily lives, including illness, and further, to analyze the content of this media use. The data comprised YouTube videos, blogs, and forum discussions. Five categories cover the findings: (a) structure of the narrative, (b) narrating the trauma, (c) restrictions in life, (d) strategies in everyday living, and (e) online interaction. We stress that sharing narratives online facilitates a “verbalizing” of the life conditions of the sufferers and can be used as a self-care activity.
Environmental Resources in Maintenance of Physical Activity 6 Months Following Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Perez Adriana , Fleury Julie , Belyea Michael
Published: January 2016

This study examined differences in weekly time spent in physical activity by level of perceived environmental resources, 6 months following graduation from cardiac rehabilitation. A descriptive, longitudinal design used standardized measures to evaluate perceived environmental resources and physical activity levels. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to examine mean differences in weekly time spent in physical activity by level of perceived environmental resources. Adults 51 to 86 years old ( N = 150) diagnosed with coronary heart disease were included. There was a significant change over time in physical activity as measured by minutes per week, F(2, 148) = 7.915, p = .001, where activity increased between baseline and 3 months, and then dropped slightly at 6 months. This change over time differed by the level of perceived neighborhood resources, F(2, 148) = 3.545, p = .032. Home and neighborhood resources may positively influence physical activity maintenance following cardiac rehabilitation.
Numerical predictions of carburisation and crack evolution using a combined diffusion rate and remaining multi-axial creep ductility damage model
Authors: Biglari Farid R , Nikbin Kamran M
Published: January 2016

A novel numerical damage model has been developed to combine Fick’s second law of diffusivity with microstructure modelling of environmentally assisted creep damage. The environmental acceleration of material degradation has been modelled and compared with experimental observations. The combined multi-site damage and crack growth model for creep and environmentally assisted time-dependent material oxidation/carburisation based on a gas/solid interface diffusion and non-linear time-dependent creep mechanism is proposed. Numerical predictions are presented to develop a methodology for component lifing. The model allows for the development of a hardened layer due to surface oxidation and predicts damage and cracking during subsequent creep under an applied load. The simulated grain mesh structure used can replicate surface healing or diffuse intergranular cracking and material depletion emanating from the gas/solid surface interface by quantifying the strength ratios between grain and grain boundaries. In this article, oxidation/carburisation is estimated both analytically and numerically using Fick’s diffusion laws and carbon/steel diffusion flux properties available in the literature. It is also shown that carbon diffusion distribution can be related to grain hardening due to carburisation as well as grain/grain boundary strength ratios which could vary as much as a factor of 0.5. The model is validated by comparing with actual oxidation/carburisation data for the long-term oxidised 9-12 Cr steels operating at high temperatures. Finally, it is shown that the mode and rate of surface oxidation and hardening, depending on whether the material is homogenous or contains micro-cracks substantially affects the life time of a component under high temperature creep loading.
Natural vibrations of micro beams with nonrigid supports
Authors: Bambill Diana V , Guerrero Graciela I , Felix Daniel H
Published: January 2016

The present study aims to provide some new information for the design of micro systems. It deals with free vibrations of Bernoulli–Euler micro beams with nonrigid supports. The study is based on the formulation of the modified couple stress theory. This theory is a nonclassical continuum theory that allows one to capture the small-scale size effects in the vibrational behavior of micro structures. More realistic boundary conditions are represented with elastic edge conditions. The effect of Poisson’s ratio on the micro beam characteristics is also analyzed. The present results revealed that the characterization of real boundary conditions is much more important for micro beams than for macro beams, and this is an assessment that cannot be ignored.
Nurse Practitioner Autonomy and Satisfaction in Rural Settings
Authors: Spetz Joanne , Skillman Susan M. , Andrilla C. Holly A.
Published: January 2016

Rural primary care shortages may be alleviated if more nurse practitioners (NPs) practiced there. This study compares urban and rural primary care NPs (classified by practice location in urban, large rural, small rural, or isolated small rural areas) using descriptive analysis of the 2012 National Sample Survey of NPs. A higher share of rural NPs worked in states without physician oversight requirements, had a DEA (drug enforcement administration) number, hospital admitting privileges, and billed using their own provider identifier. Rural NPs more often reported they were fully using their NP skills, practicing to the fullest extent of the legal scope of practice, satisfied with their work, and planning to stay in their jobs. We found lower per capita NP supply in rural areas, but the proportion in primary care increased with rurality. To meet rural primary care needs, states should support rural NP practice, in concert with support for rural physician practice.
Depression in Women Who Have Left Violent Relationships
Authors: Estefan Lianne Fuino , Coulter Martha L. , VandeWeerd Carla
Published: January 2016

Intimate partner violence (IPV) exposure has been associated with poor mental health outcomes for victims, but fewer studies have examined the unique contributions of emotional abuse to mental health. This study explored the contextual relationships between the type and frequency of IPV, community factors, and emotional health. Data were collected from a community-based IPV intervention program. Logistic regression found an increased likelihood of depression for respondents who experienced emotional abuse more than once per week (odds ratio [OR] = 4.864) and were worried about contact by the abuser (OR = 5.898). Results indicate the need for specific policy and practice attention to this issue.
One-year effects of Project EX: A smoking intervention pilot program with Spanish adolescents
Authors: Espada José P , Gonzálvez María T , Orgilés Mireia , Sussman Steve
Published: January 2016

Adolescent smoking is a major public health problem, which has led to the development of cessation programs such as Project EX. However, there is no evidence for the long-term efficacy of cessation among Spanish adolescents. This study provides a 1-year follow-up evaluation of the Project EX tobacco use cessation program among 211 smokers. The intent-to-treat 30-day smoking quit rate for the program group was 7.81 percent ( p = .04), whereas no smokers quit in the control group ( p = .02). The intervention had a significant influence on future smoking expectation, intention, motivation to quit, and overall level of 30-day smoking. Long-term outcomes of the Project EX clinic-based program are promising for adolescent smokers in Spain.
Adult and childhood weight influence body image and depression through weight stigmatization
Authors: Stevens Serena D , Herbozo Sylvia , Morrell Holly ER , Schaefer Lauren M , Thompson J Kevin
Published: January 2016

The goal of this study was to examine lifetime weight stigmatization as a mediator of the relationships among current body mass index, childhood overweight, depression, and body dissatisfaction. Participants were 299 female undergraduates (mean age = 20.52, standard deviation = 2.57; mean body mass index = 23.29, standard deviation = 4.51). Weight stigmatization significantly mediated the relationships between body mass index and body dissatisfaction, body mass index and depressive symptoms, and childhood overweight and depressive symptoms. The model accounted for 44.7 percent of the variance in depressive symptoms and 28.2 percent of the variance in body image dissatisfaction. Findings indicated that a decrease in weight stigmatization may predict better mental health.
Brief report: Compensatory health beliefs are negatively associated with intentions for regular fruit and vegetable consumption when self-efficacy is low
Authors: Storm Vera , Reinwand Dominique , Wienert Julian , Kuhlmann Tim , De Vries Hein , Lippke Sonia
Published: January 2016

Compensatory health beliefs (the beliefs that an unhealthy behaviour can be compensated by a healthy behaviour) can interfere with adherence to fruit and vegetable consumption recommendations. Fruit and vegetable consumption, social cognitive variables and compensatory health beliefs were investigated via self-report at baseline (T0) and 8-week follow-up (T1) in N = 790 participants. Self-efficacy predicted fruit and vegetable consumption intentions. Planning mediated between intentions and T1 fruit and vegetable consumption. Compensatory health beliefs negatively predicted intentions at low self-efficacy levels only. The results propose the use of self-efficacy interventions to diminish the negative effects of compensatory health beliefs when forming fruit and vegetable consumption intentions and foster planning to translate intentions into behaviour.
Gender ratio in a clinical population sample, age of diagnosis and duration of assessment in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Rutherford Marion , McKenzie Karen , Johnson Tess , Catchpole Ciara , O’Hare Anne , McClure Iain , Forsyth Kirsty , McCartney Deborah , Murray Aja
Published: January 2016

This article reports on gender ratio, age of diagnosis and the duration of assessment procedures in autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in a national study which included all types of clinical services for children and adults. Findings are reported from a retrospective case note analysis undertaken with a representative sample of 150 Scottish children and adults recently diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. The study reports key findings that the gender ratio in this consecutively referred cohort is lower than anticipated in some age groups and reduces with increasing age. The gender ratio in children, together with the significant difference in the mean age of referral and diagnosis for girls compared to boys, adds evidence of delayed recognition of autism spectrum disorder in younger girls. There was no significant difference in duration of assessment for males and females suggesting that delays in diagnosis of females occur prior to referral for assessment. Implications for practice and research are considered.
Self-reported psychological demands, skill discretion and decision authority at work: A twin study
Authors: Theorell Töres , De Manzano Örjan , Lennartsson Anna-Karin , Pedersen Nancy L. , Ullén Fredrik
Published: January 2016

Objectives: To examine the contribution of genetic factors to self-reported psychological demands (PD), skill discretion (SD) and decision authority (DA) and the possible importance of such influence on the association between these work variables and depressive symptoms. Methods: 11,543 participants aged 27–54 in the Swedish Twin Registry participated in a web survey. First of all, in multiple regressions, phenotypic associations between each one of the three work environment variables and depressive symptoms were analysed. Secondly, by means of classical twin analysis, the genetic contribution to PD, SD and DA was assessed. After this, cross-twin cross-trait correlations were computed between PD, SD and DA, on the one hand, and depressive symptom score, on the other hand. Results: The genetic contribution to self-reported PD, DS and DA ranged from 18% for decision authority to 30% for skill discretion. Cross-twin cross-trait correlations were very weak ( r values < .1) and non-significant for dizygotic twins, and we lacked power to analyse the genetic architecture of the phenotypic associations using bivariate twin modelling. However, substantial genetic contribution to these associations seems unlikely. Conclusions: Genetic contributions to the self-reported work environment scores were 18–30%.
Imagined Facebook: An exploratory study of non-users’ perceptions of social media in Rural Zambia
Authors: Wyche Susan , Baumer Eric PS
Published: January 2016

This article describes an exploratory study of Facebook non-users living in rural Zambia. Drawing on evidence from 37 group interviews with mobile phone owners, we discovered that the majority of our participants were aware of, or ‘imagined’ Facebook, despite never having seen or used the site. Our analysis of how participants perceive Facebook suggests that they are interested in the communication and income-generating possibilities access to the site may provide, but that barriers prevent them from acting on these interests. This study contributes to social media research by making visible the experiences of a population whose non-use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) results from economic, infrastructural, and linguistic sources, as well as from other, hitherto less-explored areas. We discuss the practical significance of these findings, offer future research suggestions, and comment on what our respondents have not yet imagined about Facebook.
Responsivity and (some) other approaches to alterity
Authors: Leistle Bernhard
Published: January 2016

Building on recent efforts in this direction, this essay provides arguments in support of the concept of responsivity, developed by the philosopher Bernhard Waldenfels, and its importance in anthropological theorizing. Responsivity is a way of thinking about relations between self and Other, structure and agency, universality and particularity that escapes the dichotomy which usually characterizes such conceptual pairings. By defining ‘responding’ as a relationship to the Other as other, and by defining ‘the Other’ as what we respond to, Waldenfels’ concept enables anthropologists to theoretically overcome the contradiction between radical and empirical alterity. This potential is illustrated in a discussion of the responsive aspects of other approaches to empirical otherness: the sociology of the stranger, psychoanalysis and semiotics. Through comparisons that stress points of contact and compatibility, the notion of responsivity is thrown into sharper relief. At the same time, familiar anthropological approaches to alterity are re-presented in a changed light.
Understanding the globalizing precariat: From informal sector to precarious work
Authors: Siegmann Karin Astrid , Schiphorst Freek
Published: January 2016

Given ongoing changes in the world of work that affect both developing and industrialized countries, we argue that it is time to bring the notions of informal and precarious work together. Work-related insecurities offer a conceptual umbrella for the conditions that a large number of workers in the global North and South experience. They emerge in the context of neoliberal globalization, intersecting with social and political marginalizations. This offers starting points for intervention. For instance, for precarious workers’ struggles to be successful, organizational strength needs to be combined with the forging of coalitions that transcend class identities.
From the Mouths of Dragons: How Does the Resettlement of Young People from North Wales Measure Up … In Their Own Words?
Authors: Hampson Kathy S.
Published: January 2016

Young people in custody are likely to reoffend, questioning current resettlement practice. In Wales, the Resettlement Broker Project was established to address this, beginning by assessing current practice. The ensuing data set of interviews with young people from North Wales serving sentence in England was analysed regarding custody and resettlement experiences. Resettlement and desistance literature provided a strong basis for effective working; the slowness of the English and Welsh youth justice system to truly incorporate desistance thinking means that these young people missed a potentially beneficial working ethos, centred on personal goals and individual strengths, indicating the need for radical change.
Pre-primary education and long-term education performance: Evidence from Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) Thailand
Authors: Pholphirul Piriya
Published: January 2016

Several research papers have assessed the long-term benefits of pre-primary education in terms of academic performance and labor market outcomes. This study analyzes data obtained from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) to estimate the effects of preschool enrollment of Thai students on producing long-term benefits in their academic performance. Results show that a mother’s educational attainment has a significant impact on the decision to enroll her child in preschool. Regarding the long-term benefits, our findings show that pre-primary education bears a significant and positive association with cognitive skills in all three areas of literacy tested under PISA, namely, reading, mathematics, and sciences. Regarding the economic status of students’ families, results indicate that the benefits of pre-primary education in cognitive skill improvement tend to be greatest in the case of students from low- to middle-income families. Evidence supports the promotion of long-term benefits of pre-primary education and, thus, the universal early childhood education policy. In particular, support should be given to childhood education programmes that specifically target children from disadvantaged groups and low-income households.
Exploring the Range of Lifestyle Interventions Used in Dutch Health Care Practice
Authors: van de Glind Irene M. , Heinen Maud M. , Geense Wytske W. , Mesters Ilse , Wensing Michel , van Achterberg Theo
Published: January 2016

Background. The application of evidence-based lifestyle interventions is suboptimal, but little is known what interventions are actually used. This study aimed to explore the range of lifestyle interventions used in Dutch ambulatory health care settings. Method. We conducted interviews (n = 67) in purposefully selected hospitals, general practices, and community care organizations. Interviews focused on identifying activities to help patients stop smoking, reduce alcohol consumption, increase physical activity, eat a healthy diet, and lose weight. We also asked who developed the interventions. All reported activities were registered and analyzed. Results. Four categories of health promotion activities emerged: giving advice, making referrals, offering counseling, and providing lifestyle interventions organized separately from the care process. In total, 102 lifestyle interventions were reported. Forty-five interventions were developed by researchers, of which 30 were developed by the Dutch Expert Center on Tobacco Control. Providers did not know the source of 31 interventions. Eighteen interventions were developed by the providers themselves, and eight were based on evidence-based guidelines. Conclusions. Health promotion activities seemed to be widely present in Dutch health care, in particular smoking cessation interventions. Although health care providers use many different interventions, replacing nontested for evidence-based interventions is required.
Language Screening for Infants and Toddlers
Authors: Larson Anne L.
Published: January 2016

Children from low-income environments are at increased risk of developing language delays which can negatively affect later academic and social outcomes. As children age, deficits between children with language delays and their typically developing peers continue to widen. In order to prevent future disabilities, efficient early language screening tools are needed to identify infants and toddlers who are at risk of language delay as the first step towards providing early intervention. The purpose of this review was to identify commercially available language screening tools for use with children under three years of age. The psychometric properties of each tool are described—including a specific focus on technical adequacy of the measures for use with diverse families. There are currently four tools available for use with infants and toddlers. The strengths and limitations of each tool are described, as well as the feasibility of using these tools in diverse populations.
Bond investigation of hybrid textile with self-compacting fine-grain concrete
Authors: Yin Shiping , Wang Bo , Wang Fei , Xu Shilang
Published: January 2016

This paper presents an experimental investigation into the influence of bond characteristics between textile and matrix on the mechanical behavior of textile-reinforced concrete (TRC). Two types of tests were performed, i.e. pullout test and uniaxial tensile test. Self-compacting fine-grain concrete was adopted. Two kinds of hybrid textile, consisting of both carbon and E-glass yarns, were specially prepared for this study. The experimental results show that sticking sands on the textile after epoxy resin impregnation can improve the interfacial property between textile and matrix. The specimens with textile of 10 mm × 10 mm mesh have stronger bond strength than those with textile of 25 mm × 25 mm mesh, and can reach the maximum tensile strength of yarns when the initial bond length is between 30 mm and 35 mm. Moreover, sticking sands on the textile can improve the multiple cracks form and the ultimate bearing capacity of TRC under uniaxial tensile load. Specimens with textile of 10 mm × 10 mm mesh have higher first-crack loads than those with textile of 25 mm × 25 mm mesh whether or not the textile surface treatment was conducted, and also have better crack distribution. Finally, based on the experimental results from TRC under uniaxial tensile load, a double linear constitutive equation of stress–strain relationship of carbon fiber yarn is provided in this paper.
Immunotargeting of Integrin α6β4 for Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography and Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging in a Pancreatic Cancer Model
Authors: Aung Winn , Tsuji Atsushi B. , Sudo Hitomi , Sugyo Aya , Furukawa Takako , Ukai Yoshinori , Kurosawa Yoshikazu , Saga Tsuneo
Published: January 2016

To explore suitable imaging probes for early and specific detection of pancreatic cancer, we demonstrated that α6β4 integrin is a good target and employed single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or near-infrared (NIR) imaging for immunotargeting. Expression levels of α6β4 were examined by Western blotting and flow cytometry in certain human pancreatic cancer cell lines. The human cell line BxPC-3 was used for α6β4-positive and a mouse cell line, A4, was used for negative counterpart. We labeled antibody against α6β4 with Indium-111 (111In) or indocyanine green (ICG). After injection of 111In-labeled probe to tumor-bearing mice, biodistribution, SPECT, autoradiography (ARG), and immunohistochemical (IHC) studies were conducted. After administration of ICG-labeled probe, in vivo and ex vivo NIR imaging and fluorescence microscopy of tumors were performed. BxPC-3 tumor showed a higher radioligand binding in SPECT and higher fluorescence intensity as well as a delay in the probe washout in NIR imaging when compared to A4 tumor. The biodistribution profile of 111In-labeled probe, ARG, and IHC confirmed the α6β4 specific binding of the probe. Here, we propose that α6β4 is a desirable target for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and that it could be detected by radionuclide imaging and NIR imaging using a radiolabeled or ICG-labeled α6β4 antibody.
Monitoring Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Xenograft After Paclitaxel Treatment With 99mTc-Labeled Duramycin SPECT/CT
Authors: Luo Rui , Niu Lei , Qiu Fan , Fang Wei , Fu Tong , Zhao Ming , Zhang Ying-Jian , Hua Zi-Chun , Li Xiao-Feng , Wang Feng
Published: January 2016

Our goal was to validate the feasibility of 99mTc-duramycin as a potential apoptosis probe for monitoring tumor response to paclitaxel in breast cancer xenografts. The binding of 99mTc-duramycin to phosphatidylethanolamine was validated in vitro using paclitaxel-treated human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells. Female BALB/c mice (n = 5) bearing breast cancer xenografts were randomized into 2 groups and intraperitoneally injected with 40 mg/kg paclitaxel or phosphate-buffered saline. 99mTc-duramycin (37-55.5 MBq) was injected at 72 hours posttreatment, and single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography was performed at 2 hours postinjection. Apoptotic cells and activated caspase 3 in explanted tumor tissue were measured by flow cytometry. Cellular ultrastructural changes were assessed by light and transmission electron microscopy. 99mTc-duramycin with radiochemical purity of >90% exhibited rapid blood clearance and predominantly renal clearance. The tumor-to-muscle ratio in the paclitaxel-treated group (5.29 ± 0.62) was significantly higher than that in the control. Tumor volume was decreased dramatically, whereas tumor uptake of 99mTc-duramycin (ex vivo) significantly increased following paclitaxel treatment, which was consistent with apoptotic index, histological findings, and ultrastructural changes. Our data demonstrated the feasibility of 99mTc-duramycin for early detection of apoptosis after paclitaxel chemotherapy in breast carcinoma xenografts.
Dispersion stability and thermophysical properties of environmentally friendly graphite oil–based nanofluids used in machining
Authors: Su Yu , Gong Le , Chen Dandan
Published: January 2016

As environmentally friendly cutting fluids, vegetable-based oil and ester oil are being more and more widely used in metal cutting industry. However, their cooling and lubricating properties are required to be further improved in order to meet more cooling and lubricating challenges in high-efficiency machining. Nanofluids with enhanced heat carrying and lubricating capabilities seem to give a promising solution. In this article, graphite oil–based nanofluids with LB2000 vegetable-based oil and PriEco6000 unsaturated polyol ester as base fluids were prepared by ultrasonically assisted two-step method, and their dispersion stability and thermophysical properties such as viscosity and thermal conductivity were experimentally and theoretically investigated at different ultrasonication times. The results indicate that graphite-PriEco6000 nanofluid showed better dispersion stability, higher viscosity, and thermal conductivity than graphite-LB2000 nanofluid, which made it more suitable for application in high-efficiency machining as coolant and lubricant. The theoretical classical models showed good agreement with the thermal conductivity values of graphite oil–based nanofluids measured experimentally. However, the deviation between the experimental values of viscosity and the theoretical models was relatively big. New empirical correlations were proposed for predicting the viscosity of graphite oil–based nanofluids at various ultrasonication times.
Effect of cutting parameters on machinability characteristics in milling of magnesium alloy with carbide tool
Authors: Shi Kaining , Zhang Dinghua , Ren Junxue , Yao Changfeng , Huang Xinchun
Published: January 2016

Magnesium alloy has attracted more attentions due to its excellent mechanical properties. However, in process of dry cutting operation, many problems restrict its further development. In this article, the effect of cutting parameters on machinabilities of magnesium alloy is explored under dry milling condition. This research is an attempt to investigate the impact of cutting speed at multiple feed rates on cutting force and surface roughness, while a statistical analysis is adopted to determine the influential intensities accurately. The results showed that cutting force is affected by the positively constant intensity from feed rate and the increasingly negative intensity from cutting speed. In contrast, surface roughness is determined by the gradually increasing negative tendency from feed rate and the positive effect with constant intensity from cutting speed. Within the range of the experiments, feed rate is the leading contribution for cutting force while the cutting speed is the dominant factor for surface roughness according to the absolute intensity values. Meanwhile, the trends of influencing intensities between cutting force and surface roughness are opposite. Besides, it is also found that in milling magnesium alloy, chip morphology is highly sensitive to cutting speed while the chip quality mainly depends on feed rate.
Numerical simulations of transverse liquid jet to a supersonic crossflow using a pure two-fluid model
Authors: Liu Haixu , Guo Yincheng , Lin Wenyi
Published: January 2016

A pure two-fluid model was used for investigating transverse liquid jet to a supersonic crossflow. The well-posedness problem of the droplet phase governing equations was solved by applying an equation of state in the kinetic theory. A k-ε-kp turbulence model was used to simulate the turbulent compressible multiphase flow. Separation of boundary layer in front of the liquid jet was predicted with a separation shock induced. A bow shock was found to interact with the separation shock in the simulation result, and the adjustment of shock structure caused by the interaction described the whipping phenomena. The predicted penetration height showed good agreement with the empirical correlations. In addition, the turbulent kinetic energies of both the gas and droplet phases were presented for comparison, and effects of the jet-to-air momentum flux ratio and droplet diameter on the penetration height were also examined in this work.
Adaptive parameters for tracking filters innovation system
Authors: Wu Chun-Mu
Published: January 2016

One of the most important parts in target tracking is the filter algorithm. In the practical engineering, α-β-γ and α-β-γ-δ filters are often applied due to its simpler arithmetic operations. An improved α-β-γ and α-β-γ-δ filters based on parameter identification are proposed to search suitable parameter values at every time step. The tracking errors between the α-β-γ-δ and α-β-γ filters are compared. The results show that the adaptive parameter of the α-β-γ-δ filter exhibits significant improvement in position tracking accuracy over the adaptive parameter of the α-β-γ filter. The simulation results demonstrate that the adaptive parameters of the α-β-γ and α-β-γ-δ filters have better tracking capabilities and good real-time performances.
From the Black Square to the Red Square: Rebel leadership constructed as process through a narrative on art
Authors: Edwards Gareth
Published: January 2016

The contribution this paper makes to leadership studies is to advance leadership theory towards a process based perspective based on an appreciation of art. The article does this by using a narrative on art in Russia. The narrative forms the basis for discussing the role that symbolism and aesthetics play in (re)interpreting rebel leadership. The article also explores James Downton’s work alongside the narration to develop a socially constructed process based interpretation of rebel leadership. Building on this interpretation fundamental aspects of process-based leadership so far missing from the literature are highlighted. One such aspect is the ridicule (in this case through caricature) of existing leaders and leadership by the incumbent leader and/or leadership process – a pre-stage to the emergence of rebel leadership. Other aspects include stages of social and organizational liminality and introspection. From here suggestions are made for further theoretical and empirical enquiry and practical implications are highlighted.
Converging pathways of contemporary leadership: In the footsteps of Māori and servant leadership
Authors: Ruwhiu Diane , Elkin Graham
Published: January 2016

The world is a turbulent space for leaders and organisations. Leadership scandals and failures have changed views on leadership behaviour in the West. There is increased demand for more ethical leadership, inspired by ideas of humanness, and care of the well-being of all stakeholders. This article offers our conceptualisation of two emerging domains in leadership – servant leadership and Indigenous Māori leadership. Both not only have strong resonance with each other but also reflect a common concern with individual and collective morality that draws us to the significance of human relationships and, context-specificity specifically as derived from worldview. We suggest these two leadership domains offer transformative realisation of leadership development that accepts alternative ontologies, epistemologies and worldviews, providing for richer and more meaningful understanding of leadership for the 21st century.
Is being gay bad for your health and wellbeing? Cultural issues affecting gay men accessing and using health services in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Connolly Michael P , Lynch Kathleen
Published: January 2016

This paper examines how the experience of cultural inequalities affects the health and wellbeing of gay men in the Republic of Ireland. Gay men experience discrimination in the cultural domain when accessing and using the health services in Ireland that reinforce heteronormative values and preferences. Health inequalities experienced by gay men in the Republic of Ireland are strongly influenced by cultural factors: the Catholic Church, institutional heterosexism, heteronormativity and homophobia, which create a stigmatised identity among gay men and have an adverse effect on health and wellbeing. Counteracting cultural inequalities for gay men accessing and using health care services in Ireland requires a commitment to better education, continued funding for dedicated health services for gay men and the creation of an environment of acceptance where health services are provided.
Negative Campaigning and the Logic of Retaliation in Multiparty Competition
Authors: Dolezal Martin , Ennser-Jedenastik Laurenz , Müller Wolfgang C.
Published: January 2016

The extant literature has demonstrated that the logic of retaliation is a core feature of negative campaigning. Attacks by one side induce counterattacks by the other. Yet most research on the interactive nature of negative campaigning is limited to two-party competition and provides little theoretical justification for why political actors should respond to attacks with counterattacks. The present paper addresses these research gaps. We argue that the negativity bias in human information processing and the zero-sum nature of elections make retaliation a rational strategy. Importantly, these arguments also imply that retaliation may not be the only plausible response to attacks in multiparty systems. Rather, parties may prefer to react to attacks from one competitor by attacking another. To grasp empirically how being attacked and attacking are related, we conduct a highly disaggregated time series analysis of such instances while controlling for other factors that may influence actor behavior. Our analyses draw on several thousand party press releases issued during three national election campaigns in Austria, a typical European multiparty system. They show that retaliation is an important strategy also in multiparty politics. Yet in such context, parties do not exclusively follow a tit-for-tat approach but rather display more complex patterns of attack behavior.
Parachordal fistula – a case report and a short review
Authors: Augusto Luís , Figueiredo Rita , Parreira Tiago , Silva Maria Luís , Pérez-Higueras Antonio
Published: January 2016

Arteriovenous shunts of the neck and facial region rarely involve the external carotid artery and its branches. Most cases are considered to be iatrogenic or related to trauma but congenital shunts are rare. Parachordal arteriovenous fistulae are a group of embryologically derived arteriovenous shunts caused by defects involving the notochord, giving rise to cranial and paraspinal shunts. In the cranial regions, these shunts involve exclusively the metameric arteries – maxillary, ascending pharyngeal, occipital and vertebral. Signs and symptoms are variable, depending on the feeding vessel but also on the characteristics of the draining pathway.

We report the case of a 17-year-old male patient with a shunt between the right internal maxillary artery and right external jugular vein detected at the age of 6, not associated with trauma, which we decided to treat because of an enlargement of the right cardiac atrium detected on routine examination. Digital subtraction angiography was performed to characterize the shunt followed by partial embolization with ballooning, coiling and Onyx injection. Echographic control 6 months after the procedure was compatible with complete occlusion of the shunt.

We also perform a short review on this extremely rare entity.
Rectal carcinoid tumor metastasis to a skull base meningioma
Authors: Bhojwani Nicholas , Huang Jennifer , Gupta Amit , Badve Chaitra , Cohen Mark L , Wolansky Leo J
Published: January 2016

Carcinoid tumors are rare, slow-growing neuroendocrine tumors that most frequently develop in the gastrointestinal tract or lungs and have high potential for metastasis. Metastasis to the brain is rare, but to another intracranial tumor is extremely rare. Of the intracranial tumors, meningiomas are the most common to host metastases, which may be related to its rich vascularity and E-cadherin expression. We describe the case of a 65-year-old female with active chemotherapy-treated neuroendocrine carcinoma who presented with left-sided facial numbness, headaches, and blurry vision. Initial imaging revealed a 1 cm irregular dural-based left petrous apex mass suggestive of a meningioma that was re-imaged four months later as a rapidly enlarging, extra-axial, mass extending into the cavernous sinus, effacing Meckel’s cave that resembled a trigeminal schwannoma. Pathology revealed a carcinoid tumor metastatic to meningioma. While the mass displayed characteristic imaging findings of a schwannoma, rapid growth in the setting of known active malignancy should prompt the clinician to consider mixed pathology from metastatic disease or a more aggressive meningioma.
The financial burden of out-of-pocket expenses in the United States and Canada: How different is the United States?
Authors: Baird Katherine E
Published: January 2016

Background:

This article compares the burden that medical cost-sharing requirements place on households in the United States and Canada. It estimates the probability that individuals with similar demographic features in the two countries have large medical expenses relative to income.

Method:

The study uses 2010 nationally representative household survey data harmonized for cross-national comparisons to identify individuals with high medical expenses relative to income. Using logistic regression, it estimates the probability of high expenses occurring among 10 different demographic groups in the two countries.

Results:

The results show the risk of large medical expenses in the United States is 1.5–4 times higher than it is in Canada, depending on the demographic group and spending threshold used. The United States compares least favorably when evaluating poorer citizens and when using a higher spending threshold.

Conclusion:

Recent health care reforms can be expected to reduce Americans’ catastrophic health expenses, but it will take very large reductions in out-of-pocket expenditures—larger than can be expected—if poorer and middle-class families are to have the financial protection from high health care costs that their counterparts in Canada have.
The Health Experts onLine at Portsmouth (HELP) system: One-year review of adult and Pediatric Asynchronous Telehealth Consultations
Authors: Lin Andrew H , Cole Jacob H , Chin John C , Mahnke Chirstopher Becket
Published: January 2016

Introduction:

The Health Experts onLine at Portsmouth teleconsultation system is designed to connect health providers in the Navy Medicine East Region to specialists at Naval Medical Center Portsmouth.

Methods:

A review of the first year of the Health Experts onLine at Portsmouth system was performed. Data on each teleconsultation were extracted from the Health Experts onLine at Portsmouth system database and analyzed.

Results:

From June 2014 to May 2015 there have been 585 teleconsultations. Providers stationed on 36 ships/submarines and at 28 remote military treatment facilities have utilized the Health Experts onLine at Portsmouth system. Over 280 specialists in 34 different specialties were consulted. The median time to first response from a specialist was 6 h and 8 min, with 75% of all consults being addressed within 24 h. Eighteen medevacs were recommended. Thirty-nine potential medevacs were prevented, and 100 potential civilian network deferrals were prevented, resulting in an estimated savings of over US$580,000.

Discussion:

Based on the 1-year metrics, Health Experts onLine at Portsmouth has provided improved access and quality of care to service members and their families throughout the Navy Medicine East Region. It has helped avoid over US$580,000 in unnecessary cost burden. Further review at the 2-year time interval will demonstrate the continued growth and effectiveness of the Health Experts onLine at Portsmouth system.
Influence of bone mineral density measurement on fracture risk assessment tool® scores in postmenopausal Indian women
Authors: Daswani Bhavna , Desai Meena , Mitra Sumegha , Gavali Shubhangi , Patil Anushree , Kukreja Subhash , Khatkhatay M Ikram
Published: January 2016

Aim

Fracture risk assessment tool® calculations can be performed with or without addition of bone mineral density; however, the impact of this addition on fracture risk assessment tool® scores has not been studied in Indian women. Given the limited availability and high cost of bone mineral density testing in India, it is important to know the influence of bone mineral density on fracture risk assessment tool® scores in Indian women. Therefore, our aim was to assess the contribution of bone mineral density in fracture risk assessment tool® outcome in Indian women.

Methods

Apparently healthy postmenopausal Indian women (n = 506), aged 40–72 years, without clinical risk factors for bone disease, were retrospectively selected, and their fracture risk assessment tool® scores calculated with and without bone mineral density were compared.

Results

Based on WHO criteria, 30% women were osteoporotic, 42.9% were osteopenic and 27.1% had normal bone mineral density. Fracture risk assessment tool® scores for risk of both major osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture significantly increased on including bone mineral density ( P < 0.0001). When criteria of National Osteoporosis Foundation, US was applied number of participants eligible for medical therapy increased upon inclusion of bone mineral density, (for major osteoporotic fracture risk number of women eligible without bone mineral density was 0 and with bone mineral density was 1, P > 0.05, whereas, for hip fracture risk number of women eligible without bone mineral density was 2 and with bone mineral density was 17, P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Until the establishment of country-specific medication intervention thresholds, bone mineral density should be included while calculating fracture risk assessment tool® scores in Indian women.
Drug Prescribing Pattern During Intranatal Period in a Secondary Care Hospital in South India
Authors: Sukumaran Deepasree , Cherian Anne George , Das Saibal , Winston A Blessed , Kumar Aniket , Shanthi FX Margaret
Published: January 2016

Background: During delivery, drugs being prescribed cause concerns due to their harmful effects on lactation as well as potential adverse reactions on the mother. This retrospective study was performed to evaluate the drug prescribing pattern during normal delivery in a secondary care hospital in India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study included 3 months of patient’s medical records. Results: A total of 2222 drugs, comprising 51 different types of drugs were prescribed to 313 mothers undergoing normal delivery. Most of these drugs are safe in lactation. Ten types of drugs would have been better avoided, but they possibly did not cause harm because of their limited short-term use only during the intranatal period. Conclusion: This study reflects a good, safe, and rational medication practice during normal delivery for various common ailments in a secondary care hospital and can be cited as an example for similar settings.
Led Astray by Hemoglobin A1c
Authors: Chen Jean , Diesburg-Stanwood Amy , Bodor Geza , Rasouli Neda
Published: January 2016

Hemoglobin A1c (A1c) is used frequently to diagnose and treat diabetes mellitus. Therefore, it is important be aware of factors that may interfere with the accuracy of A1c measurements. This is a case of a rare hemoglobin variant that falsely elevated a nondiabetic patient’s A1c level and led to a misdiagnosis of diabetes. A 67-year-old male presented to endocrine clinic for further management after he was diagnosed with diabetes based on an elevated A1c of 10.7%, which is approximately equivalent to an average blood glucose of 260 mg/dL. Multiple repeat A1c levels remained >10%, but his home fasting and random glucose monitoring ranged from 92 to 130 mg/dL. Hemoglobin electrophoresis and subsequent genetic analysis diagnosed the patient with hemoglobin Wayne, a rare hemoglobin variant. This variant falsely elevates A1c levels when A1c is measured using cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography. When the boronate affinity method was applied instead, the patient’s A1c level was actually 4.7%. Though hemoglobin Wayne is clinically silent, this patient was erroneously diagnosed with diabetes and started on an antiglycemic medication. Due to this misdiagnosis, the patient was at risk of escalation in his “diabetes management” and hypoglycemia. Therefore, it is important that providers are aware of factors that may result in hemoglobin A1c inaccuracy including hemoglobin variants.