bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Substituent effect on supercapacitive performances of conducting polymer‐based redox electrodes: Poly(3′,4′‐bis(alkyloxy) 2,2′:5′,2″‐terthiophene) derivatives
Authors: Yiğit Deniz , Aykan Melis , Güllü Mustafa
Published: December 2017

This work reports the synthesis of novel poly(3′,4′‐bis(alkyloxy)terthiophene) derivatives (PTTOBu, PTTOHex, and PTTOOct) and their supercapacitor applications as redox‐active electrodes. The terthiophene‐based conducting polymers have been derivatized with different alkyl pendant groups (butyl‐, hexyl‐, and octyl‐) to explore the effect of alkyl chain length on the surface morphologies and pseudocapacitive properties. The electrochemical performance tests have revealed that the length of alkyl substituent created a remarkable impact over the surface morphologies and charge storage properties of polymer electrodes. PTTOBu, PTTOHex, and PTTOOct‐based electrodes have reached up to specific capacitances of 94.3, 227.3, and 443 F g−1 at 2.5 mA cm−2 constant current density, respectively, in a three‐electrode configuration. Besides, these redox‐active electrodes have delivered satisfactory energy densities of 13.5, 29.3, and 60.7 W h kg−1 and power densities of 0.98, 1, and 1.1 kW kg−1 with good capacitance retentions after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles in symmetric solid‐state micro‐supercapacitor devices. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 480–495
Tuning the localization of finely dispersed cellulose nanocrystal in poly (lactic acid)/bio‐polyamide11 blends
Authors: Heshmati Vahid , Kamal Musa R. , Favis Basil D.
Published: December 2017

A versatile approach to control the localization of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) in PLA/PA11 blends is presented. A PEO/CNC mixture with a high level of CNC dispersion is prepared through a combination of high pressure homogenization and freeze‐drying. The prepared PEO/CNC mixture is then incorporated into the PLA/PA11 blends using two different strategies. Typically for CNC/PLA/PA11, the CNCs selectively localize in PA11. However, PEO‐coated CNC particles segregate into PLA irrespective of whether the PEO/CNC mixture is premixed with PLA or PA11. It is suggested that a strong interaction between PEO and CNC particles combined with the PLA/PEO miscibility facilitates the localization of PEO‐coated CNC in the PLA. The localization of PEO‐coated CNC in the PLA has no effect on the morphology of the PLA‐5PEO/PA11 with matrix/dispersed phase form. However, 2 wt % PEO‐coated CNC in the co‐continuous (PLA‐5PEO)/PA11 50/50 vol % blend diminishes the phase thickness from 11 ± 1 to 4 ± 1.5 μm. This is attributed to a retarded relaxation of the PLA phase. This work outlines a strategy to control the CNC localization into a given polymeric phase in a binary polymer–polymer mixture. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 576–587
Molecular architectures of Pen and Pal: Key enzymes required for CMP‐pseudaminic acid biosynthesis in Bacillus thuringiensis
Authors: Delvaux Nathan A. , Thoden James B. , Holden Hazel M.
Published: December 2017

Bacillus thuringiensis is a soil‐dwelling Gram positive bacterium that has been utilized as a biopesticide for well over 60 years. It is known to contain flagella that are important for motility. One of the proteins found in flagella is flagellin, which is post‐translationally modified by O‐glycosylation with derivatives of pseudaminic acid. The biosynthetic pathway for the production of CMP‐pseudaminic acid in B. thuringiensis, starting with UDP‐N‐acetyl‐d‐glucosamine (UDP‐GlcNAc), requires seven enzymes. Here, we report the three‐dimensional structures of Pen and Pal, which catalyze the first and second steps, respectively. Pen contains a tightly bound NADP(H) cofactor whereas Pal is isolated with bound NAD(H). For the X‐ray analysis of Pen, the site‐directed D128N/K129A mutant variant was prepared in order to trap its substrate, UDP‐GlcNAc, into the active site. Pen adopts a hexameric quaternary structure with each subunit showing the bilobal architecture observed for members of the short‐chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily. The hexameric quaternary structure is atypical for most members of the superfamily. The structure of Pal was determined in the presence of UDP. Pal adopts the more typical dimeric quaternary structure. Taken together, Pen and Pal catalyze the conversion of UDP‐GlcNAc to UDP‐4‐keto‐6‐deoxy‐l‐N‐acetylaltrosamine. Strikingly, in Gram negative bacteria such as Campylobacter jejuni and Helicobacter pylori, only a single enzyme (FlaA1) is required for the production of UDP‐4‐keto‐6‐deoxy‐l‐N‐acetylaltrosamine. A comparison of Pen and Pal with FlaA1 reveals differences that may explain why FlaA1 is a bifunctional enzyme whereas Pen and Pal catalyze the individual steps leading to the formation of the UDP‐sugar product. This investigation represents the first structural analysis of the enzymes in B. thuringiensis that are required for CMP‐pseudaminic acid formation.
Improving sea ice thickness estimates by assimilating CryoSat‐2 and SMOS sea ice thickness data simultaneously
Authors: Mu Longjiang , Yang Qinghua , Losch Martin , Losa Svetlana N. , Ricker Robert , Nerger Lars , Liang Xi
Published: December 2017

The impact of assimilating weekly CryoSat‐2 sea ice thickness data together with daily SMOS sea ice thickness and daily SSMIS sea ice concentration data on the sea ice fields of a coupled sea ice–ocean model of the Arctic Ocean is investigated. The sea‐ice model is based on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm) and the assimilation is performed by a localized Singular Evolutive Interpolated Kalman (LSEIK) filter coded in the Parallel Data Assimilation Framework (PDAF). A period of three months from 1 November 2011 to 30 January 2012 is selected to assess the skill of the assimilation system in the cold season. Compared to the unassimilated solution and a solution where only sea ice concentration is assimilated, the model–data misfits are substantially reduced in areas of both thick and thin ice. The sea ice thickness estimates agree significantly better with in situ observations in the central Arctic Ocean than the sea ice thickness obtained from assimilating SMOS data alone, while the sea ice concentration shows very small improvements. The sea ice fields obtained by the joint assimilation of SMOS and CryoSat‐2 data also have lower errors in thickness and concentration than those obtained from directly assimilating a statistically merged SMOS and CryoSat‐2 sea ice thickness product. These lower errors suggest that model dynamics play a significant role in data blending.
Arboricity and spanning‐tree packing in random graphs
Authors: Gao Pu , Pérez‐Giménez Xavier , Sato Cristiane M.
Published: December 2017

We study the arboricity and the maximum number of edge‐disjoint spanning trees of the classical random graph . For all , we show that, with high probability, is precisely the minimum of and , where is the minimum degree of the graph and denotes the number of edges. Moreover, we explicitly determine a sharp threshold value for such that the following holds. Above this threshold, equals and equals . Below this threshold, equals , and we give a two‐value concentration result for the arboricity in that range. Finally, we include a stronger version of these results in the context of the random graph process where the edges are randomly added one by one. A direct application of our result gives a sharp threshold for the maximum load being at most in the two‐choice load balancing problem, where .
Lung Injury Repair by Transplantation of Adult Lung Cells Following Preconditioning of Recipient Mice
Authors: Milman Krentsis Irit , Rosen Chava , Shezen Elias , Aronovich Anna , Nathanson Bar , Bachar-Lustig Esther , Berkman Neville , Assayag Miri , Shakhar Guy , Feferman Tali , Orgad Ran , Reisner Yair
Published: December 2017

Repair of injured lungs represents a longstanding therapeutic challenge. We recently demonstrated that human and mouse embryonic lung tissue from the canalicular stage of development are enriched with lung progenitors, and that a single cell suspension of canalicular lungs can be used for transplantation, provided that lung progenitor niches in the recipient mice are vacated by strategies similar to those used in bone marrow transplantation. Considering the ethical limitations associated with the use of fetal cells, we investigated here whether adult lungs could offer an alternative source of lung progenitors for transplantation. We show that intravenous infusion of a single cell suspension of adult mouse lungs from GFP+ donors, following conditioning of recipient mice with naphthalene and subsequent sublethal irradiation, led to marked colonization of the recipient lungs, at 6–8 weeks post-transplant, with donor derived structures including epithelial, endothelial, and mesenchymal cells. Epithelial cells within these donor-derived colonies expressed markers of functionally distinct lung cell types, and lung function, which is significantly compromised in mice treated with naphthalene and radiation, was found to be corrected following transplantation. Dose response analysis suggests that the frequency of patch forming cells in adult lungs was about threefold lower compared to that found in E16 fetal lungs. However, as adult lungs are much larger, the total number of patch forming cells that can be collected from this source is significantly greater. Our study provides proof of concept for lung regeneration by adult lung cells after preconditioning to vacate the pulmonary niche.
Which pathway to good ideas? An attention‐based view of innovation in social networks
Authors: Rhee Luke , Leonardi Paul M.
Published: December 2017

Research Summary: This study introduces the notion of attention allocation in networks to argue that individuals with different types of network structure produce good ideas via different pathways. Using survey data on communication networks at a software company, we find that people with highly constrained networks generate good ideas by following a logic of interrogation, by which they focus their attention on information from a particular contact. Conversely, individuals with less constrained networks produce good ideas by following a logic of recombination, whereby they divide their attention to information coming from across multiple contacts. The results show that in highly constrained networks, interrogation is a more reliable pathway to good ideas than recombination. We discuss the implications of these findings for behavioral strategy, social networks, and innovation.

Managerial Summary: People can develop good ideas when they recombine diverse information inputs shared by non‐redundant communication partners that span multiple local clusters. But, in an organization, most individuals are embedded in constrained networks of people who know each other and thus typically receive redundant information from work colleagues. This study suggests that they can innovate via a different pathway: through interrogation. We find that people who focus their attention on information coming from a particular person succeed at generating good ideas because they deeply interrogate local knowledge and develop domain‐specific insights.
Under the microscope: An experimental look at board transparency and director monitoring behavior
Authors: Li Weiwen , Krause Ryan , Qin Xin , Zhang Junsheng , Zhu Hang , Lin Shanshan , Xu Yuehua
Published: December 2017

Research Summary: It is well known in corporate governance scholarship that independent directors differ in the vigilance with which they monitor corporate insiders. This difference depends largely on whether independent directors are concerned more with their public reputation or with their prospects in the director labor market. The explanation for this difference depends on an assumption of information asymmetry, however. In the present study, we relax the assumption of information asymmetry to examine how boardroom transparency affects directors’ monitoring behavior. Using a randomized experimental study of actual independent directors, we find that boardroom transparency amplifies the effect of directors’ inclinations toward either active or passive monitoring, with directors inclined toward vigilant monitoring becoming even more vigilant, and directors inclined toward passive monitoring becoming even more passive.

Managerial Summary: In most advanced economies, the board's internal decision processes are either undisclosed or disclosed only to a very limited extent. It remains unknown, then, whether directors would behave differently if their behaviors were made public. We find that when their actions are disclosed to the public, directors concerned with their public reputations become more vigilant, whereas those concerned with their prospects for additional board seats become more passive in monitoring corporate insiders. Whereas regulatory bodies and corporate governance watchdogs have recently advocated for greater disclosure of the boardroom decision‐making process, our study suggests that such mandatory disclosure requirements can exacerbate, rather than alleviate, the problem of passive director monitoring.
Gold Nanoparticle‐Based Paper Sensor for Simultaneous Detection of 11 Benzimidazoles by One Monoclonal Antibody
Authors: Guo Lingling , Wu Xiaoling , Liu Liqiang , Kuang Hua , Xu Chuanlai
Published: December 2017

A colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay based on a generic monoclonal antibody is developed for the simultaneous detection of benzimidazoles and metabolite residues in milk samples. The monoclonal antibody is prepared using 2‐(methoxycarbonylamino)‐3H‐benzimidazole‐5‐carboxylic acid as the hapten, and it can recognize 11 types of benzimidazoles simultaneously. The immunochromatographic strip is assembled and labeled using gold nanoparticles. This strip can detect 11 benzimidazoles including albendazole, albendazole s‐oxide, albendazole sulfone, fenbendazole, fenbendazole sulfone, flubendazole, mebendazole, parbendazole, oxfendazole, oxibendazole, and carbendazim within 15 min in milk samples. Results are obtained visually with the naked eye, and the cutoff values and the visual limit of detection values for these benzimidazoles are 25, 6.25, 12.5, 12.5, 50, 25, 50, 50, 50, 6.25, and 25 ng mL−1, and 6.25, 3.125, 3.125, 1.56, 12.5, 6.25, 12.5, 12.5, 6.25, 0.78, and 12.5 ng mL−1, respectively. Results are also obtained using a hand‐held strip scan reader, with calculated limit of detection values for these benzimidazoles of 0.83, 0.77, 1.83, 0.98, 7.67, 3.50, 3.96, 5.71, 0.92, 0.59, and 1.69 ng mL−1, respectively. In short, the developed paper sensor is a useful tool for rapid and simple screening of residues of benzimidazoles in milk samples.
Antireflux Surgery and Barrett’s Esophagus: Myth or Reality?
Authors: Herbella Fernando A. M. , Schlottmann Francisco , Patti Marco G.
Published: December 2017

Background

It may seem questionable if antireflux surgery still has a role in the management of patients with Barrett’s esophagus (BE) in the current era when antireflux surgery is facing a steady decline, obesity is increasing, pharmacologic treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is in its splendor, and endoscopic techniques are used more frequently. It is questionable if patients with BE should be operated to stop GERD and to prevent cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the role of antireflux surgery in patients with BE.

Methods

Literature review.

Results

The role of antireflux operations is, in fact, very controversial and neglected. BE is a different phenotype of GERD with a distinct pathophysiology linked to severe reflux of bile and acid, due to a marked anatomic disruption of the gastroesophageal barrier. Published series show that a fundoplication adequately controls GERD and symptoms in BE patients. A fundoplication (or even better a bile diversion antireflux procedure) may prevent esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Conclusions

In conclusion, a fundoplication efficiently controls GERD and symptoms in BE patients. A fundoplication (or even better a bile diversion procedure) may also prevent esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Lipid Emulsion Enriched in Omega‐3 PUFA Accelerates Wound Healing: A Placebo‐Controlled Animal Study
Authors: Peng Yi‐Chi , Yang Fwu‐Lin , Subeq Yi‐Maun , Tien Chin‐Chieh , Chao Yann‐Fen C. , Lee Ru‐Ping
Published: December 2017

Background

The Omega‐3 (ω‐3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) generate bioactive lipid mediators that reduce inflammation. The present study evaluated the effect of SMOFlipid containing ω‐3 PUFAs on wound healing.

Methods

Rats were divided into a SMOFlipid (SMOF) group and a 0.9% saline (placebo) group, with eight rats in each group. Wound excision was performed on the dorsal surface of each rat. In the SMOF group, 1 gm/kg SMOFlipid was dissolved in 3 mL saline as a treatment; in the placebo group, 3 mL saline was prepared as a treatment. The treatments were administered intravenously at an initial rate of 0.2 mL/kg body weight/h immediately after wounding, for 72 h. Blood samples were collected for white blood cell, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6, and IL‐10 measurements at the baseline and at 1, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after intervention. Wound areas were measured over a 2‐week period after excision, and a histological examination was performed.

Results

Compared with the placebo group, SMOFlipid supplementation engendered significant decreases in the wound area on day 3 (78.28 ± 5.25 vs. 105.86 ± 8.89%), day 5 (72.20 ± 4.31 vs. 96.39 ± 4.72%), day 10 (20.78 ± 1.28 vs. 39.80 ± 10.38%), and day 14 (7.56 ± 0.61 vs. 15.10 ± 2.42%). The placebo group had a higher TNF‐α level than the SMOF group at 72 h. The IL‐10 level was higher in the SMOF group than in the placebo group at 48 h. Histological analysis revealed a higher rate of fibroblast distribution and collagen fiber organization in the SMOF group (P = 0.01).

Conclusion

SMOFlipid enriched in ω‐3 PUFA accelerates wound healing.
Concentration of Proteasome in the Blood Plasma of Children with Acute Appendicitis, Before and After Surgery, and Its Correlation with CRP
Authors: Matuszczak Ewa , Tylicka Marzena , Dębek Wojciech , Sankiewicz Anna , Gorodkiewicz Ewa , Hermanowicz Adam
Published: December 2017

Objective

The determination of 20S proteasome concentration in the blood plasma of children with appendicitis and its correlation with CRP.

Design and setting

Thirty‐one children with acute appendicitis, were randomly included into the study (age 5 years up to 17 years, mean age 11.5 + 1 years).

Participants

There were 17 girls and 14 boys. Eighteen healthy, age‐matched subjects, admitted for planned surgeries served as controls. Exclusion criteria were: severe preexisting infections, immunological or cardiovascular diseases that required long‐term medication, and complicated cases of appendicitis with perforation of appendix and/or peritonitis.

Main outcome measures

The 20S proteasome concentrations in the blood plasma of patients with acute appendicitis were highest before the surgery and were above the range of concentrations measured in controls, and the difference was statistically significant.

Results

The 20S proteasome concentration measured 24 and 72 h after the operation, slowly decreased over time, and still did not reach the normal range, when compared with the concentration measured in controls (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

20S proteasome concentration may reflect the metabolic response to acute state inflammation, and the process of gradual ebbing of the inflammation. The method of operation—classic open appendectomy, or laparoscopic appendectomy, does not influence the general trend in 20S proteasome concentration.
Bilingual Cancer Genetic Education Modules for the Deaf Community: Development and Evaluation of the Online Video Material
Authors: Boudreault Patrick , Wolfson Alicia , Berman Barbara , Venne Vickie L. , Sinsheimer Janet S. , Palmer Christina
Published: December 2017

Health information about inherited forms of cancer and the role of family history in cancer risk for the American Sign Language (ASL) Deaf community, a linguistic and cultural community, needs improvement. Cancer genetic education materials available in English print format are not accessible for many sign language users because English is not their native or primary language. Per Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations, the level of literacy for printed health education materials should not be higher than 6th grade level (~ 11 to 12 years old), and even with this recommendation, printed materials are still not accessible to sign language users or other nonnative English speakers. Genetic counseling is becoming an integral part of healthcare, but often ASL users are not considered when health education materials are developed. As a result, there are few genetic counseling materials available in ASL. Online tools such as video and closed captioning offer opportunities for educators and genetic counselors to provide digital access to genetic information in ASL to the Deaf community. The Deaf Genetics Project team used a bilingual approach to develop a 37‐min interactive Cancer Genetics Education Module (CGEM) video in ASL with closed captions and quizzes, and demonstrated that this approach resulted in greater cancer genetic knowledge and increased intentions to obtain counseling or testing, compared to standard English text information (Palmer et al., Disability and Health Journal, 10(1):23–32, 2017). Though visually enhanced educational materials have been developed for sign language users with multimodal/lingual approach, little is known about design features that can accommodate a diverse audience of sign language users so the material is engaging to a wide audience. The main objectives of this paper are to describe the development of the CGEM and to determine if viewer demographic characteristics are associated with two measurable aspects of CGEM viewing behavior: (1) length of time spent viewing and (2) number of pause, play, and seek events. These objectives are important to address, especially for Deaf individuals because the amount of simultaneous content (video, print) requires cross‐modal cognitive processing of visual and textual materials. The use of technology and presentational strategies is needed that enhance and not interfere with health learning in this population.
Syndromale und nichtsyndromale orofaziale Spalten
Authors: Mangold Elisabeth , Kreiß Martina , Nöthen Markus M.
Published: December 2017

Orofaziale Spalten sind die zweithäufigste angeborene Fehlbildung. Die beiden häufigen Untergruppen sind die Formen der Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumen-Spalte (LKGS) und der reinen Gaumenspalte (GS). Beide können im Zuge zahlreicher Syndrome auftreten, LKGS sind häufiger nichtsyndromal (ca. 70 %) als GS (ca. 50 %). Nichtsyndromale Spalten sind multifaktoriell und bergen relativ geringe Wiederholungsrisiken für Angehörige. Manche syndromalen Spaltformen beruhen auf Chromosomenaberrationen, die meisten sind jedoch monogen. Das autosomal-dominante Van-der-Woude-Syndrom ist eine wichtige Differenzialdiagnose zu nichtsyndromalen Spaltformen, die sich nur durch Unterlippengrübchen von diesen unterscheidet, aber höhere Risiken für eine Spaltbildung bei Nachkommen birgt. Die Pränataldiagnostik orofazialer Spalten erfolgt sonographisch. Erfahrene Untersucher können LKGS in der 20. Schwangerschaftswoche diagnostizieren; die Detektion von GS ist schwieriger.
Efficiency of using spatial analysis for Norway spruce progeny tests in Sweden
Authors: Chen Zhiqiang , Helmersson Andreas , Westin Johan , Karlsson Bo , Wu Harry X.
Published: December 2017

Key message

Spatial analysis could improve the accuracy of genetic analyses, as well as increasing the accuracy of predicting breeding values and genetic gain for Norway spruce trials.

Context

Spatial analysis has been increasingly used in genetic evaluation of field trials in tree species. However, the efficiency of spatial analysis relative to the analysis using the conventional experimental designs or pre- and post-blocking method in Swedish genetic trials has not been systematically evaluated.

Aims

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of spatial analysis in improving the accuracy of predicting breeding values and genetic gain.

Methods

Spatial analysis, using separable first-order autoregressive processes of residuals in rows and columns, was used in nine types of trait classes from 145 field trials of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in Sweden.

Results

Ninety-six percent of variables (traits) were converged for the spatial model. Large trials with a large block variance tend to have a larger improvement from the model of experimental design to spatial model in accuracy. Growth and Pilodyn measurement traits showed greater improvements in log likelihood, accuracy, and genetic gain. Block variance was reduced by more than 80% for trait height and diameter using spatial analysis, indicating that it is more effective using both pre-blocking and post-blocking analyses in Swedish Norway spruce trials. The prediction accuracy for diameter and height for progeny breeding values showed an increase of 3.6 and 3.4%, respectively. The improvement of efficiency for growth traits is also related to the geographical location of test sites, tree age, number of survival trees, and the spacing of the trial.

Conclusion

The spatial analysis approach is more efficient in Swedish Norway spruce trials than the conventional methods using models based on the experimental design.
How Tatiana's voice rang across the steppe: Russian literature in the life and legend of Abai
Authors: Caffee Naomi
Published: December 2017

The Kazakh poet Abai Qunanbaiuly (1845–1904) today enjoys a dual legacy as the father of modern Kazakh literature (as distinct from its oral tradition) and also as an enlightener who translated the Russian classics into Kazakh and acted as a vital bridge between the two cultures. Much of Abai's reputation owes its existence to the twentieth-century author, critic, and scholar Mukhtar Auezov (1897–1961), whose biographical writings on the poet formed the standard narrative of his life and work. Initiated in 1937, the year of the Pushkin centennial celebrations in the Soviet Union, Auezov's literary canonization of Abai hinges on the poet's acquisition of the Russian language and his transformative encounters with Russian-language texts – most notably among them, Pushkin's Dubrovskii and Evgenii Onegin. In Auezov's account, Abai's efforts lead to the discovery of an authentically Kazakh literary voice, heralded by his successful adaptation of Pushkin's Evgenii Onegin into traditional Kazakh song form. In analyzing this prominent episode of the Abai legend, I argue that Russian literature's “conquest” in Central Asia was in fact a multifaceted dialogue in which writers laid the foundation for distinct national literary traditions by appropriating the literature of the colonizer – and in particular by reading, translating, displacing, domesticating, and “disorienting” the figure of Pushkin.
Nutrients and perinatal depression: a systematic review
Authors: Sparling Thalia M. , Nesbitt Robin C. , Henschke Nicholas , Gabrysch Sabine
Published: December 2017

Pregnancy and lactation deplete nutrients essential to the neurotransmission system. This may be one reason for the increased risk of depression during the perinatal period. The objective of the present review was to systematically review the literature and summarise evidence on whether blood nutrient levels influence the risk of perinatal depression. PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL databases were searched for studies of any design. A total of twenty-four articles of different designs were included, representing 14 262 subjects. We extracted data on study population, depression prevalence, nutrients examined, deficiency prevalence, timing of assessment, reporting, analysis strategy and adjustment factors. In all, fourteen studies found associations of perinatal depression with lower levels of folate, vitamin D, Fe, Se, Zn, and fats and fatty acids, while two studies found associations between perinatal depression and higher nutrient levels, and eight studies found no evidence of an association. Only ten studies had low risk of bias. Given the methodological limitations and heterogeneity of study approaches and results, the evidence for a causal link between nutritional biomarkers and perinatal depression is still inconclusive. High-quality studies in deficient populations are needed.
Assessing the applicability of terrestrial laser scanning for mapping englacial conduits
Authors: KAMINTZIS J. E. , JONES J. P. P. , IRVINE-FYNN T. D. L. , HOLT T. O. , BUNTING P. , JENNINGS S. J. A. , PORTER P. R. , HUBBARD B.
Published: December 2017

The morphology of englacial drainage networks and their temporal evolution are poorly characterised, particularly within cold ice masses. At present, direct observations of englacial channels are restricted in both spatial and temporal resolution. Through novel use of a terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) system, the interior geometry of an englacial channel in Austre Brøggerbreen, Svalbard, was reconstructed and mapped. Twenty-eight laser scan surveys were conducted in March 2016, capturing the glacier surface around a moulin entrance and the uppermost 122 m reach of the adjoining conduit. The resulting point clouds provide detailed 3-D visualisation of the channel with point accuracy of 6.54 mm, despite low (<60%) overall laser returns as a result of the physical and optical properties of the clean ice, snow, hoar frost and sediment surfaces forming the conduit interior. These point clouds are used to map the conduit morphology, enabling extraction of millimetre-to-centimetre scale geometric measurements. The conduit meanders at a depth of 48 m, with a sinuosity of 2.7, exhibiting teardrop shaped cross-section morphology. This improvement upon traditional surveying techniques demonstrates the potential of TLS as an investigative tool to elucidate the nature of glacier hydrological networks, through reconstruction of channel geometry and wall composition.
OVERCOMING THE CORPORATE VEIL CHALLENGE: COULD INVESTMENT LAW INSPIRE THE PROPOSED BUSINESS AND HUMAN RIGHTS TREATY?
Authors: Yilmaz Vastardis Anil , Chambers Rachel
Published: December 2017

This article proposes a model of treaty-based veil piercing for civil liability claims by victims of human rights harm inflicted by businesses. The primary inspiration for this model comes from investment treaty provisions dealing with corporate investors. Our examination of investment law for this purpose exposes the double standard in the treatment of the corporate veil between these two remedy regimes, and offers a way to address this. The test we propose for lifting the veil in order to allow victims to claim against the parent company in a corporate group is one of ‘legal control’. It aims to capture cases where the parent did not necessarily take an active role in the subsidiary's business, but it is still treated as being in control of the subsidiary by virtue of its direct or indirect ownership or ability to appoint management.
Transcatheter therapy of anomalous systemic venous drainage
Authors: Amdani Shahnawaz M. , Forbes Thomas J. , Kobayashi Daisuke
Published: December 2017

Anomalous drainage of the right superior caval vein into the left atrium is a rare congenital anomaly that causes cyanosis and occult infection owing to right-to-left shunting. Transcatheter management of this anomaly is unique and rarely reported. We report a 32-year-old man with a history of brain abscess, who was diagnosed with an anomalous right superior caval vein draining to the left atrium; right upper pulmonary vein and right middle pulmonary vein draining into the inferior portion of the right superior caval vein; and a left superior caval vein draining into the right atrium through the coronary sinus without a bridging vein. Pre-procedural planning was guided by three-dimensional printed model. The right superior caval vein was occluded with a 16-mm Amplatzer muscular Ventricular Septal Defect occluder inferior to the azygous vein, but superior to the entries of right upper and middle pulmonary veins. This diverted the right superior caval vein flow to the inferior caval vein system through the azygos vein in a retrograde manner and allowed the right upper pulmonary vein and right middle pulmonary vein flow to drain into the left atrium normally, achieving exclusion of right-to-left shunting and allowing normal drainage of pulmonary veins into the left atrium. At the 6-month follow-up, his saturation improved from 93 to 97% with no symptoms of superior caval vein syndrome.
WHAT MAKES A SOCIAL ORDER PRIMITIVE? IN DEFENSE OF HART'S TAKE ON INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Lefkowitz David
Published: December 2017

The widespread antipathy to Hart's description of international law as a simple or primitive social order, one that lacks a rule of recognition and therefore does not qualify as a legal system, rests on two misunderstandings. First, the absence of a division of labor in identifying, altering, applying, and enforcing law is as much, if not more, central to Hart's understanding of what makes a society primitive as is the absence of any secondary rules at all. Second, it is primarily in terms of the presence of such a division of labor and the implications it has for the ontology of law that Hart understands the idea of a legal system and the ideas of a rule of recognition and legal validity that accompany it. Interpreted in light of these claims, Hart's characterization of international law is quite plausible; moreover, embracing it may well provide both theoretical and moral benefits.
Exposure to vitamin D from fortified margarine during fetal life and later risk of pre-eclampsia: the D-tect Study
Authors: Stougaard Maria , Damm Peter , Frederiksen Peder , Jacobsen Ramune , Heitmann Berit L
Published: December 2017

Objective

To examine if fetal exposure to a small dosage of extra vitamin D from food fortification was associated with a decrease in the risk of pre-eclampsia later in life.

Design

Cancellation of the mandatory vitamin D fortification of margarine in 1985 created a societal experiment, with entire adjacent birth cohorts exposed or unexposed to extra vitamin D during fetal development. The Danish national medical health registries allowed the identification of pre-eclampsia cases later in life among all exposed and unexposed female individuals.

Setting

Denmark.

Subjects

Women born between June 1983 and August 1988, who gave birth to their first child at age 14·5–27·5 years (n 32 621).

Results

OR (95 % CI) for pre-eclampsia among women exposed v. unexposed to extra vitamin D from fortification during fetal development was 0·86 (0·76, 0·97). Exposure to extra vitamin D was associated with further reduced odds of pre-eclampsia (0·49 (0·34, 0·72)) among current smokers, but not among former smokers and non-smokers.

Conclusions

Additional vitamin D in fetal life from food fortification seems to reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia later in life. The risk reduction may be particularly strong among women who smoke during pregnancy.
High gain low profile wideband dual-layered substrate microstrip antenna based on multiple parasitic elements
Authors: Li Haixiong , Lan Bozhang , Ding Jun , Guo Chenjiang
Published: December 2017

In this paper, a high gain broadband low profile microstrip antenna with the dual-layered substrate and four parasitic metal elements is presented. The proposed microstrip antenna is mainly composed of four parts: four circular parasitic metal patches with dual arced breaches, a rectangular metal patch sandwiched between substrates, a square ground plane, and two-square substrates. The circular parasitic elements are the main radiation structure and determine the characteristics of the proposed antenna are closely related to the parasitic elements. The proposed antenna has been fabricated for experimental measurement. The reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, radiation efficiency, and gain have been studied in detail. The simulated and measured impedance bandwidth is 27.0% (3.30–4.33 GHz), the maximum realized peak gain reaches up to 6.52 dBi at the frequency of 3.65 GHz. The radiation pattern has a single peak which is perpendicular to the surface of the substrate. The proposed antenna is suitable to be applied in the 5G mobile or WiMAX wireless communication. Dual antenna with a pair of parasitic elements has been investigated numerically to explain the principle of the proposed antenna.
Author Correction: Zebrafish as an animal model in epilepsy studies with multichannel EEG recordings
Authors: Cho Sung-Joon , Byun Donghak , Nam Tai-Seung , Choi Seok-Yong , Lee Byung-Geun , Kim Myeong-Kyu , Kim Sohee
Published: December 2017

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Calcium-based biomaterials for diagnosis, treatment, and theranostics
Authors: Qi Chao , Lin Jing , Fu Lian-Hua , Huang Peng
Published: December 2017

Calcium-based biomaterials with good biosafety and bio-absorbability are promising for biomedical applications such as diagnosis, treatment, and theranostics.
Bacteria assisted protein imprinting in sol–gel derived films
Authors: Cai Wei , Li Hui-Hui , Lu Zhe-Xue , Collinson Maryanne M.
Published: December 2017

A hierarchical imprinting strategy was used to create protein imprints in a silicate film with a high binding capacity as well as selectivity toward the imprint protein and little specificity towards other proteins.
Reaction-based fluorescent probe for the selective and sensitive detection of thiophenols with a large Stokes shift and its application in water samples
Authors: Zhang Mengzhao , Leng Taohua , Shen Yongjia , Wang Chengyun
Published: December 2017

Although widely used in organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, thiophenol has brought about a series of ecological problems due to its high toxicity.
A rapid, sensitive and green analytical method for the determination of sulfite in vinegars using pararosaniline reaction with image detection
Authors: Almeida Pedro L. , Figueiredo do Bonfim Thais H. , Cunha Francisco Antonio S. , Lima Kássio M. G. , Aquino Jailane S. , Almeida Luciano F.
Published: December 2017

A green, rapid and sensitive automated analytical method with imaging detection for the determination of sulfite in vinegars using the pararosaniline (PRA)–formaldehyde–sulfite reaction is demonstrated.
Oxidative dehydrogenation reaction of short alkanes on nanostructured carbon catalysts: a computational account
Authors: Sun XiaoYing , Han Peng , Li Bo , Mao ShanJun , Liu TianFu , Ali Sajjad , Lian Zan , Su DangSheng
Published: December 2017

We aim to provide an overview of the current status and recent achievements of computational studies of the ODH reaction on nanostructured carbon catalysts.
Chemical profiling of two congeneric sea mat corals along the Brazilian coast: adaptive and functional patterns
Authors: Costa-Lotufo L. V. , Carnevale-Neto F. , Trindade-Silva A. E. , Silva R. R. , Silva G. G. Z. , Wilke D. V. , Pinto F. C. L. , Sahm B. D. B. , Jimenez P. C. , Mendonça J. N. , Lotufo T. M. C. , Pessoa O. D. L. , Lopes N. P.
Published: December 2017

Multisource metabolomics of two congeneric sea mat corals along the Brazilian coast suggested the major influence of environment on chemical divergence.
A temperature-responsive C2 wagging vibration in Sc2C2@Cs-C82
Authors: Wu Bo , Wang Taishan , Zhang Zhuxia , Jiang Li , Wang Chunru
Published: December 2017

A special temperature-dependent C2 wagging vibration at 225 cm−1 in Sc2C2@Cs-C82 is described by Raman spectroscopy and quantum-chemical calculations.
Ionic liquids with trichloride anions for oxidative dissolution of metals and alloys
Authors: Li Xiaohua , Van den Bossche Arne , Vander Hoogerstraete Tom , Binnemans Koen
Published: December 2017

Ionic liquids with trichloride anions, synthesised by bringing chlorine gas into contact with chloride ILs, are useful for oxidative dissolution of metals.
Ultrafine PtO2 nanoparticles coupled with a Co(OH)F nanowire array for enhanced hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wang Ziqiang , Liu Zhiang , Du Gu , Asiri Abdullah M. , Wang Liang , Li Xiaonian , Wang Hongjing , Sun Xuping , Chen Liang , Zhang Qiuju
Published: December 2017

PtO2–Co(OH)F nanoarray exhibits superior alkaline HER activity due to its favorable composition and structure.
Mild electrochemical synthesis of metal phosphides with dibenzo-7-phosphanorbornadiene derivatives: mechanistic insights and application to proton reduction in water
Authors: Shida Naoki , Buss Joshua A. , Agapie Theodor
Published: December 2017

Transition metal phosphide films were synthesized using a mild electrochemical method.
Electron sponge from naphthalenediimide–viologen conjugates: water-stable, highly electron-deficient polyions with 1 V potential window
Authors: Shukla Jyoti , Ajayakumar M. R. , Kumar Yogendra , Mukhopadhyay Pritam
Published: December 2017

We report a new class of multi-electron acceptors by integrating for the first time multiple π-cations at the naphthalenediimide-core.
Unexpected nitrile formation in bio-based mesoporous materials (Starbons®)
Authors: Attard Jennifer , Milescu Roxana , Budarin Vitaliy , Matharu Avtar S. , Clark James H.
Published: December 2017

Nitrogen-doped bio-based mesoporous materials (Starbons®) form nitriles on carbonisation over 300 °C.
Theoretical investigation of selective catalytic reduction of NO on MIL-100-Fe
Authors: Zhang Minhua , Wang Wenyi , Chen Yifei
Published: December 2017

Understanding reaction mechanisms for NO reduction on MIL-101-Fe.
Acceleration of bursty multiprotein target search kinetics on DNA by colocalisation
Authors: Kar Prathitha , Cherstvy Andrey G. , Metzler Ralf
Published: December 2017

Proteins are capable of locating specific targets on DNA by employing a facilitated diffusion process with intermittent 1D and 3D search steps. We here uncover the implications of colocalisation of protein production and DNA binding sitesviacomputer simulations.
Controlling electronic properties of MoS2/graphene oxide heterojunctions for enhancing photocatalytic performance: the role of oxygen
Authors: Hua Xiaotian , Ma Xinguo , Hu Jisong , He Hua , Xu Guowang , Huang Chuyun , Chen Xiaobo
Published: December 2017

The manipulation of the constituents of novel hetero-photocatalysts is an effective method for improving photocatalytic efficiency, but a theoretical understanding of the relationship between interlayer interaction and photocatalytic activity is still lacking.
Solvent-mediated aggregate formation of PNDIT2: decreasing the available conformational subspace by introducing locally highly ordered domains
Authors: Meyer Deborah L. , Matsidik Rukiya , Huettner Sven , Sommer Michael , Biskup Till
Published: December 2017

Time-resolved EPR spectroscopy proves aggregation of PNDIT2 to introduce highly ordered domains and to change the exciton delocalisation mode.
Pronounced exciton and coherent phonon dynamics in BiI3
Authors: Scholz Mirko , Oum Kawon , Lenzer Thomas
Published: December 2017

Long-lived coherent oscillations in transient absorption signals of BiI3suggest strong electron–phonon coupling in this material for photovoltaics.
Unsupported shaped cobalt nanoparticles as efficient and recyclable catalysts for the solvent-free acceptorless dehydrogenation of alcohols
Authors: Viola Arnaud , Peron Jennifer , Kazmierczak Kamila , Giraud Marion , Michel Carine , Sicard Lorette , Perret Noémie , Beaunier Patricia , Sicard Mickaël , Besson Michèle , Piquemal Jean-Yves
Published: December 2017

Unsupported cobalt nanoparticles are active and chemoselective catalysts for the solvent-free acceptorless dehydrogenation of alcohols.
CO oxidation on SnO2 surfaces enhanced by metal doping
Authors: Bae Junemin , Kim Jiwhan , Jeong Hojin , Lee Hyunjoo
Published: December 2017

Doping metal atoms into a host metal oxide lattice can enhance its catalytic activity by modulating the properties of surface oxygen.
A Cu(ii) metal–organic framework with significant H2 and CO2 storage capacity and heterogeneous catalysis for the aerobic oxidative amination of C(sp3)–H bonds and Biginelli reactions
Authors: Gupta Anoop K. , De Dinesh , Tomar Kapil , Bharadwaj Parimal K.
Published: December 2017

1 exhibits significant H2, CO2 storage capacity and heterogeneous catalytic activity for oxidative amination of C(sp3)–H bonds and Biginelli reactions.
Ferrocenyl-sulfonium ionic liquids – synthesis, characterization and electrochemistry
Authors: Venker Alexander , Vollgraff Tobias , Sundermeyer Jörg
Published: December 2017

Room temperature ferrocenylsulfonium ionic liquids are introduced. Their tunable redox potential and thermal decay are investigated.
Impacts of broth chemistry on silver ion release, surface chemistry composition, and bacterial cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles
Authors: Johnston Kathryn A. , Stabryla Lisa M. , Smith Ashley M. , Gan Xing Yee , Gilbertson Leanne M. , Millstone Jill E.
Published: December 2017

We determine the impact of bacterial growth media on silver nanoparticle surface chemistry, this surface chemistry on silver ion release from the nanoparticles, and ultimately the antimicrobial implications of those parameters.
In vitrofermentation gas kinetics and end-products of soluble and insoluble cereal flour dietary fibres are similar
Authors: Comino Penny , Williams Barbara A. , Gidley Michael J.
Published: December 2017

Similarin vitrofermentation rates, extents, and levels of short chain fatty acid metabolites suggest that soluble and insoluble fibre fractions from refined flour (and models for baking and extrusion) are likely to have similar large intestinal nutritional functionality.
Corrosion behaviour of eco-friendly airbrushed reduced graphene oxide-poly(vinyl alcohol) coatings
Authors: De Souvik , Lutkenhaus Jodie L.
Published: December 2017

Eco-friendly, sprayable reduced graphene oxide sheet/poly(vinyl alcohol) coatings prevent aluminum alloy corrosion by physical barrier and alternative electron pathway mechanisms.
Decarboxylation of α,β-unsaturated aromatic lactones: synthesis ofE-ortho-hydroxystilbenes from 3-arylcoumarins or isoaurones
Authors: Huang Xihua , Liu Jie , Sheng Jianfei , Song Xianheng , Du Zhibo , Li Mingkang , Zhang Xuejing , Zou Yong
Published: December 2017

A simple and eco-friendly strategy for the synthesis ofE-ortho-hydroxystilbenes from two kinds of α,β-unsaturated aromatic lactones is described.
20th volume of Green Chemistry
Authors: Jessop Philip , Simpson Anna
Published: December 2017

Chair of the Editorial Board Philip Jessop and Executive Editor Anna Simpson reflect and look to the future as Green Chemistry begins its 20th volume.
Buffer-free integrative nanofluidic device for real-time continuous flow bioassays by ion concentration polarization
Authors: Phan Dinh-Tuan , Jin Lin , Wustoni Shofarul , Chen Chia-Hung
Published: December 2017

A novel portable device combining an aptamer probe and a nanofluidic component was developed, enabling the buffer-free continuous monitoring of small molecules in biological fluids.
Temperature change rate actuated bubble mixing for homogeneous rehydration of dry pre-stored reagents in centrifugal microfluidics
Authors: Hin S. , Paust N. , Keller M. , Rombach M. , Strohmeier O. , Zengerle R. , Mitsakakis K.
Published: December 2017

Temperature change rate as actuation principle for a bubble mixer in centrifugal microfluidics minimizes external means required. We applied the new bubble mixer to the rehydration of dry reagents for nucleic acid amplification.
Kinome chemoproteomics characterization of pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles as potent and selective inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3
Authors: Golkowski Martin , Perera Gayani K. , Vidadala Venkata Narayana , Ojo Kayode K. , Van Voorhis Wesley C. , Maly Dustin J. , Ong Shao-En
Published: December 2017

Human GSK3 has indications in numerous pathologies ranging from bipolar disorder to diabetes mellitus and finding novel, selective inhibitor leads is of high interest in drug discovery.