bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amoxicillin Induced Fever, Rash, and Catatonia - A Case Study
Authors: Yadav Chunnu Kumar , Ranka Rajat , Panda Prasan Kumar , Shah Bishal Pratap , Mishra Mayank Kumar , Krishnan Vijay
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are defined as any harmful or unpleasant
events or injuries resulting from the use of any particular drug. Among those antibiotics that cause
adverse reactions, amoxicillin is one of them. Catatonia and vasculitic rash are its rare adverse
effects.

Case Presentation:

A 23-year-old postpartum female, with a history of taking empirical Amoxiclav
(amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 625 mg) injection and oral tablets for episiotomy wound, presented
with altered sensorium and fever followed by maculopapular rash. On examination, she had
generalized rigidity with waxy flexibility that improved by lorazepam challenge and was diagnosed
as catatonia. On evaluation, amoxicillin was found to be precipitating catatonia in this patient.

Conclusion:

Since the diagnosis of catatonia is often missed, any cases with clinical presentation
of fever, rash, altered sensorium, and generalized rigidity should also be suspected for druginduced
ADR and the precipitating factor should be searched for.
Development and In-vitro Evaluation of Dexamethasone Enriched Nanoemulsion for Ophthalmic Indication
Authors: Jadhav Ajinkya , Salave Sagar , Rana Dhwani , Benival Derajram
Published: March 2023

Background:

Dexamethasone (DEX) is a glucocorticosteroid used in the treatment of steroid-responsive inflammatory conditions of the eye. The currently marketed formulations pose several issues, like poor drug residence time, resulting in frequent administration of the formulation, making them less effective.

Objective:

The present study aims to provide comprehensive data encompassing the designing, op-timization, development, and characterization of DEX nanoemulsion (DEX NE) for treating in-flammatory conditions of the anterior segment of the eye by employing the Quality by Design (QbD) approach.

Methods:

A Plackett-Burman Design (PBD) was employed to screen seven independent variables, such as oil concentration, surfactant concentration, polymer concentration, homogenization speed and time, microfluidization pressure and cycles, and their influence on critical quality attributes (CQAs), such as globule size, zeta potential, and viscosity, was evaluated. Furthermore, the Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed for optimization, and design space was generated to obtain the optimized DEX NE.

Results:

The experimental results after DEX NE characterization reveal a globule size of 181 ± 90 nm with a zeta potential of -21.03 ± 1.68 mV and a viscosity of 19.99 cp. Furthermore, the drug re-lease study of simulated tear fluid demonstrated prolonged and steady release for up to 48 hr. Cyto-toxicity assay of DEX NE exhibited good cell viability.

Conclusion:

All these findings pave the way for a better understanding of developing a robust, safe, and non-toxic formulation for ocular drug delivery.
Odevixibat: A Review of a Bioactive Compound for the Treatment of
Pruritus Approved by the FDA
Authors: Porwal Mayur , Kumar Arvind , Rastogi Vaibhav , Maheshwari Kamal Kishore , Verma Anurag
Published: March 2023

Odevixibat is synthesized through chemical modification of Benzothiazepine's structure.
It is a tiny chemical that inhibits the ileal bile acid transporter and is used to treat a variety of
cholestatic illnesses, including progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC). For cholestatic
pruritus and liver disease development, bile acid transporter inhibition is a unique treatment strategy.
Odevixibat reduces enteric bile acid reuptake. Oral odevixibat was also studied in children
with cholestatic liver disease. Odevixibat received its first approval in the European Union (EU) in
July 2021 for the treatment of PFIC in patients aged 6 months, followed by approval in the USA
in August 2021 for the treatment of pruritus in PFIC patients aged 3 months. Bile acids in the distal
ileum can be reabsorbed by the ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter, a transport glycoprotein.
Odevixibat is a sodium/bile acid co-transporter reversible inhibitor. An average 3 mg once-daily
dose of odevixibat for a week resulted in a 56% reduction in the area under the curve of bile acid.
A daily dose of 1.5 mg resulted in a 43% decrease in the area under the curve for bile
id. Odevixibat is also being evaluated in many countries for the treatment of other cholestatic illnesses,
including Alagille syndrome and biliary atresia. This article reviews the updated information
on odevixibat with respect to its clinical pharmacology, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics,
pharmacodynamics, metabolism, drug-drug interactions, pre-clinical studies, and clinical
trials.
Design and Statistical Optimization of Novel Polyelectrolyte Complex Microbeads
to Improve Entrapment Efficiency and Release Study of Vildagliptin
Authors: Tiwari Ritesh Kumar , Singh Lalit , Singh Mukesh Kr.
Published: March 2023

Background:

The current research focused on the improvement of drug entrapment efficiency
and release study of hydrophilic drug through polymer complextation.

Objective:

Ionotropic gelation technique was utilised for the preparation of Polyelectrolyte complex
microbeads of Vildagliptin using Sodium alginate and Eudragit RL100 and their performance was optimized
by Central composite design.

Methods:

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope, Differential
Scanning Calorimetry, particle size, Drug Entrapment Efficiency, X-ray diffraction and in vitro drug
release at 10hr were chosen for evaluating formulated microbeads. The impact of independent variables
like concentration of sodium alginate and eudragit RL100 was examined over dependent responses.

Results:

The interpretation of XRD, SEM, DSC, and FTIR affirmed no drug excipients interference
and confirmed formation of polyelectrolyte complex microbeads. For complex microbeads, the maximum
and minimum drug release after 10 hours was obtained as 96.23.5% and 89.45%, respectively.
The 32 central composite design was further used to obtain response surface graph and the values for
the particle size, DEE and Drug release were retained as 0.197, 76.30 % and 92.15%, respectively for
the optimize batch.

Conclusion:

The result suggested the combination of two polymers (Sodium alginate and Eudragit
RL100) were suitable for improving the entrapment efficiency of hydrophilic drug (Vildagliptin). The
central composite design (CCD) technique is an effective tool for obtaining optimal drug delivery systems
of Vildagliptin polyelectrolyte complex microbeads.
Delineating the Neuroinflammatory Crosstalk in Neurodegeneration and Probing the Near Future Therapeutics
Authors: Tiwari Vinod , Uniyal Ankit , Tiwari Vineeta , Thakur Vaibhav , Rani Mousmi , Akhilesh
Published: March 2023

Neurodegenerative disorders are threatening mankind with significant health
and economic burden. Neurodegeneration involves the deterioration of neurons in the
central nervous system (CNS), resulting in decreased neuronal survival. Therefore, it is
of utmost requirement to develop a promising pharmacological strategy to minimize or
prevent the progression of the underlying disease pathogenesis. In neurodegenerative
disease conditions, neurons and glial cells present in the specific brain regions are
damaged and depraved, resulting in specified disease symptoms in the patients.
Neuroinflammation plays a major role in the degeneration of neuronal cells by
regulating the expression of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, IL-33, tumor
necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), chemokines Cxcl3 (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2),
CXCL5, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), glia
maturation factor (GMF), substance P, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive
nitrogen species (RNS), impaired tuning of immune cells and nuclear factor kappa-B
(NF-κB). Considering this, it is very important to understand the in-depth role of
neuroinflammation in the initiation and progression of various neurodegenerative
diseases, including Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Huntington's
Disease (HD), as well as Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Recent shreds of evidence have
suggested that using exogenous ligands to approach various biological molecules or
cellular functioning that modulates the neuroinflammation, such as microglia response,
P2X7 receptors, TLR receptors, oxidative stress, PPARγ, NF-κB signaling pathway,
NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1 signaling pathway, and mitochondrial dysfunction,
helps to combat neurodegeneration in a variety of diseases. Thus, targeting the
neuroinflammatory drive could provide a beacon for the management of
neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we have attempted to provide comprehensive
literature suggesting the role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration and its
implication in the development of near-future neurotherapeutics.
Modulations of SIRTUINs and Management of Brain Disorders
Authors: Shekhar Sudhir Kumar , Siddiqui Sarfraj Ahmad , Rai Girish
Published: March 2023

Neurodegenerative disorders are the conditions in which neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems degenerate. Various cellular and molecular processes are associated with the progression of such degeneration, including inflammation, apoptosis, and axonal degeneration. Recently, SIRTUINs have emerged as one of the key factors associated with neurodegenerative disorders. SIRTUINs are involved in the regulation of several cellular and molecular processes in neurons of the nervous system through the deacetylation of target proteins. The chapter focuses on the modulatory role of SIRTUINs in neurodegenerative disorders and their potential therapeutic application. 
Neuroprotective Role of Medicinal Plants from North Eastern Region of India
Authors: Bhattacharjee Bedanta , Deka Bhargab , Shivavedi Naveen , Bhat Hans Raj , Sinha Saurabh Kumar , Ghosh Surajit Kumar , Shakya Anshul
Published: March 2023

The term neurodegenerative disease means the loss of neuronal cells in the
brain, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Multiple sclerosis, and
Huntington's disease. It is one of the most common types of disease associated with
elevated rates of mortality and morbidity worldwide. At the same time, modern
allopathic medicines have a large number of synthetic chemicals for the symptomatic
treatment and control of these diseases. These drugs have failed miserably due to
clinical insufficiency and debilitating adverse effects. In the past decade, natural
ingredients have gained notable interest in the prevention and treatment of
neurodegeneration due to their powerful anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties
with minimal side effects. However, there is also an issue of safety and effectiveness
due to the absence of an ample amount of research findings. The most common cellular
mechanism for every neurodegenerative disorder is neuroinflammation and oxidative
stress. Several preclinical and clinical studies conducted across the world have
demonstrated that different bioactive compounds of herbal origin can potentially arrest
these processes to prevent or treat neurodegeneration and can be developed into
promising pharmaceutical formulations. This article discusses and analyses the various
herbal compounds, such as Allium sativum, Camella sinensis, Centella asiatica,
Coriandrum sativum, Crocus sativus, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and Morus alba used for
phytotherapy of neurodegenerative diseases by combining recent in vitro and in vivo
models.
Bacopa monnieri and Neural Health: An Indian Herb
Authors: Pattnaik Prachi , Panda Chetan , Minocha Tarun , Yadav Sanjeev Kumar , Dwivedi Namrata , Singh Sandeep Kumar
Published: March 2023

The disorders of the central nervous system are increasingly recognized as
one of the most prevalent disorders in the present world. It has been envisaged that
neurological disorders will be of great concern in the present and future populations
worldwide. The different neurological disorders may be associated with signs, such as
loss of memory, impaired brain function, cognitive deficits, etc. The occurrence of such
degenerative diseases of the nervous system certainly imposes medical and public
health burdens on populations worldwide. The multifactorial nature of such neural
disorders entails the use of modern medicine in combination with conventional
medicines for treatment. There has been undeniably a revolution in the foundation of
existing medical facilities, which have been strengthened by the amalgamation of
phytomedicine. In recent times, the use of medicinal herbs to improve mental function
has come into the limelight in both developed and developing countries. Increased
research is being carried out to discover Ayurvedic medications owing to their
biosafety profile and utility in cognitive impairment. The current chapter deals with the
depiction of one such plant, that is Bacopa monnieri, which possesses neuroprotective
properties, and is considered to be Medhya Rasayana (a nootropic drug). This Indian
herb, being a dietary anti-oxidant, has several modes of action to protect the brain
against oxidative damage and age-related issues. A majority of the plant compounds,
such as polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenes, present in medicinal plants, have been
known to have therapeutic properties against neurodegeneration mainly by virtue of
their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-amyloidogenic effects. 
Neuroprotective Effects of Berberine in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Authors: Kaur Sodhi Rupinder , Kuhad Anurag
Published: March 2023

Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid obtained naturally from the roots,
rhizomes, and bark of various plant species, such as Berberis, Phellodendron, etc. It is
an integral part of various medical systems, such as Ayurveda, Chinese traditional
medicine, and Yunani medicine. It possesses various properties, such as anti-diabetic
and anti-obesity properties, controls lipid profile, and is a strong antioxidant that helps
in protecting against oxidative stress. It acts on multiple pathways throughout the brain
and periphery to exert a wide variety of effects that can be beneficial for human use.
Berberine is effective in protecting against neurodegenerative diseases, such as
Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and ischemia, and it
also protects against neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, mania, anxiety,
and depression. It is a potent PI3K/Akt pathway activator, decreases proinflammatory
cytokine production, reduces glutamate excitotoxicity, triggers the synthesis of
neurotrophic factors, increases levels of biogenic monoamines, such as serotonin,
dopamine, and norepinephrine, and shows anxiolytic effects by modulating GABA
levels. In this chapter, we discuss how berberine mediates these effects, modulates
which pathways in the brain and body, and how does it provide a wide array of
responses.
Protective Effect of Potent Protein-like Drug Isolated from Indian Medicinal Plants over Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Kashyap Harsha , Dilnashin Hagera , Kumar Mukesh
Published: March 2023

Diabetes is a hyperglycemic metabolic condition. Diabetes may lead to obesity and neuropathic changes in a patient. Damage to any neurological part or organ during diabetes causes diabetic neuropathy. Neuropathy occurs due to hypersensitivity in nerves because of abnormal epinephrine-mediated transmission of the impulse from axon to axon. In 1864, Marchal de Calvi explained that diabetes causes neurologic lesions by observing the pain in sciatic distribution and peripheral areas of anesthesia. Anti-hyperglycemic components, polypeptide-p and osmotin, can not only reduce the blood glucose level of mice but have also proven to be without any side effect or negative impact as they reduce oxidative stress level, improve the activities of endogenous antioxidants, and positively alter the activities of neurotransmitters, like cholinesterase, serotonin, and γ- aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Anti Bacterial Drugs: A Bright Past but a Challenging Future
Authors: Kalia Nitin Pal , Kumar Manoj , Al Khodor Souhaila , Sharma Sandeep
Published: March 2023

The discovery of penicillin opened the avenues for antibacterial drug
discovery to address the global problem of deadly infectious diseases. However,
despite the availability of potent antibiotics and effective vaccines, bacterial infections
are still the major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. The use of
antibiotics is a two-edged sword; on the one hand, antibiotics have helped us combat
deadly bacterial infections. On the other hand, overuse of antibiotics has led bacterial
pathogens to develop drug resistance. The components of the bacterial cell-like cell
wall, cell membrane, protein synthesis, and nucleic acid synthesis were targeted to
develop effective drugs. Using these selective microbial targets, multiple potent
antibiotic classes were developed in the last century, but emerging bacterial resistance
and a decline in the number of new antibiotic approvals in recent years are pushing us
back to the pre-antibiotic era. An increase in multidrug-resistant strains and the
ineffectiveness of current drugs pose a challenge for researchers to develop new
antibiotics with a novel mechanism to treat drug resistance. In the current chapter, we
focus on the antibacterial drug used for the treatment of important human pathogens.
Antiviral Drugs - in Past and Current Pandemics
Authors: Nandi Arijit , Das Anwesha , Lin Wei-Yu , Chakraborty Payal
Published: March 2023

Antiviral drug discovery and its developmental processes happen to be the need of the hour. The break-out burden of complications and mortality caused by viruses like Influenza, Ebola, MERS, SARS and presently, the subtype SARS-CoV-2 are randomly growing in an exponential arc. Under such critical circumstances, there occurs an urgent paradigm shift in the research domain where antimalarial drugs like Hydoxychloroquine were given as a prophylactic treatment to improve the condition of the patients affected by the SARS-CoV-2-COVID-19 disease. For the use of emergency purposes in this global pandemic, a ground breaking development has taken place in vaccine therapy with mRNA-based technologies by pharma giants like Pfizer- BioNTech, Moderna Inc. and AstraZeneca Plc. All three newly launched successful mRNA vaccines, like Comirnaty, mRNA-1273 and AZD1222, in their late-phase clinical trials showed an effective rate up to ~ 95%. Many alternative approaches use translational medicines and artificial intelligence tools to mitigate clinical morbidities within a given timeframe. Hence in this particular book chapter, we tried to highlight the pros and cons of all the possible antiviral drug interventions and strategies that have been implemented from the past till the present to combat several epidemics and global pandemics. At present, the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic imposed a greater threat and unprecedented challenge in the antiviral drug discovery platform that needs to be focused on in detail.
Antimicrobial Drugs Obtained from Marine Algae
Authors: Kumar Sachan Rohan Samir , Bala Ritu , Al-Tawaha Abdel Rahman M. , Khanum Samia , Karnwal Arun
Published: March 2023

In recent years, the antimicrobial resistance to various synthetic or chemically formed antimicrobial agents in medicines and food products has been observed. The high preference of consumers for purchasing food products free from chemical preservatives has led to more exploration into using antimicrobial agents from natural sources like plants, fungi, algae, and bacteria. The marine ecosystem comprises microorganisms, plants, vertebrates, and invertebrates that are rich sources of diverse antimicrobial products and can be a significant potential for developing novel type therapeutic agents, as the major portion of the sea has still not yet been examined for the evaluation of natural molecules for their antimicrobial activity. Such marine ecological niches promise a great source of antibacterial agents against many drugresistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms. Among the marine source, marine algae are a diverse group of organisms that includes brown, red, and green algae that have been targeted over the last few years for the secondary metabolites and a broad range of natural molecules for a broad spectrum of bioactivities beneficial to humans. Such bioactive compounds and secondary products possess a broad range of biological activities of antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties. The class of compounds derived from marine algae, such as polysaccharides, fatty acids, phenolic compounds, pigments, lectins, alkaloids, terpenoids, and halogenated compounds, would be a new emerging area for unconventional drugs. Such classes of compounds will share a potent ability to control new diseases or tackling against multi-resistant strains of pathogens.
Mushroom and Related Fungi: A Natural Source of Anti-Microbial Compounds
Authors: Kaur Prabhjot , Dey Abhijit , Kumar Vijay , Dwivedi Padmanabh , Malik Tabarak , Banik R.M. , Pratap Mishra Brijendra , Kumar Pandey Devendra
Published: March 2023

There is an urgent need to search for effective novel antibiotics due to the
evolution of pathogen resistance towards the existing anti-microbial drugs. To fulfill
the demand of pharmaceutical industries for novel drugs against pathogenic microbes,
the potential source is nature, which is the largest repertoire for discovering
biologically active drugs. Among the natural products, mushrooms are primary sources
of diverse low and high-molecular-weight compounds that demonstrate anti-bacterial,
anti-fungal, anti-parasitic and anti-viral activities. Mushrooms belonging to
basidiomycetes or ascomycetes were classified into edible and non-edible and had high
nutritive and medicinal properties due to the presence of bioactive compounds. The
most common edible mushrooms comprise Agaricus bisporus, Lentinus, Auricularia.
Hericium, Grifola, Flammulina, Pleurotus, and Tremella are potent sources of vitamins
(thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, biotin and ascorbic acid, Vitamin A and D), lipids (mono,
di, and triglycerides, sterols, phospholipids) and polysaccharides whereas non-edible
mushrooms Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi), Lentinus edodes (Shiitake), Inonotus
obliquus (Chaga), Ganoderma, Trametes, Cordyceps spp., etc., are potent sources of
alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, anthraquinones, benzoic acid derivatives, and
quinolines. The literature review suggests that mushrooms showed high anti-microbial
activities against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus spp., Listeria monocytogenes,
Micrococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. etc.) and Gram-negative bacterial species (Escherichia coli,Klebsiella spp. or Salmonella sp) as well as anti-fungal (Candida
spp., Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. etc.) and anti-viral (HIV-I, influenza) activities.
The present chapter highlighted the mushrooms showing anti-microbial activity,
techniques for appraisal of anti-microbial activity, anti-microbial bioactive compounds
and last but not least, the downstream process of some selected compounds originally
isolated from mushrooms.
 
Nano-particles for Microbial Growth and Drug Delivery
Authors: Chole Pranjali , Rex Camil , Imran Sabia , Gopinath Kasi , Ravi Lokesh
Published: March 2023

The development of drug resistance in microorganisms has become one of
the greatest global health challenges, as microorganisms tend to adapt to organic drugs
via several mechanisms. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) in microorganisms not only
increases the mortality rate of humans, but clinicians are also running out of options to
treat MDR infections. A solution to this problem could be found in inorganic
chemistry, where metal elements are converted in to nanoparticles that function as both
drug and drug delivery agents to control microbial growth and overcome the resistance
imposed on organic drugs. Nanoparticles have a high surface area to volume ratio,
making them highly reactive with selective types of molecules such as bacterial/fungal
cell walls. This makes nanoparticles an effective alternative to traditional chemical
drugs. The development of resistance in the case of nanoparticles is almost nil.
Nanoparticles of various elements have proven to be effective anti-microbial agents
with several other pharmaceutical activities. Nanoparticles are also effective drug
delivery agents that increase the bioavailability of drugs, enhance bioactivity, and
increase drug flux into and through skin and biofilms. This chapter provides a
compilation of various types of organic and inorganic nanoparticles, with their
bioactivity, mode of action, synthesis, side effects, and mode of administration.
Different types of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems are summarised in this
chapter, along with a summary of their organ-specific drug delivery. This report can
provide a detailed understanding of nanoparticles in anti-microbial applications and aid
in R&D to yield future nanomedicine.
Current Approaches to Antimicrobial Formulations and their Delivery
Authors: Banerjee Kaushita , Madhyastha Harishkumar
Published: March 2023

With the escalating concerns about antimicrobial resistance and the intractable nature of microbial infections, there is a demand for the expansion and development of alternative stratagems for treating microbial diseases. At present, the advent of antimicrobial resistance amidst microbial pathogens, especially the ‘drugresistant’ ones, has led to poor clinical consequences, thus, shooting up healthcare outlays and mortality. Moreover, the formation of biofilms-like assemblies by microorganisms and their surface association mechanisms have led to secondary infections in immunocompromised individuals and further muddled the prophylaxis. Such microbial resistance is primarily attributed to the inapt and undue use of antimicrobials in humans/animals and the unregulated administration of these drug formulations. Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose and imbibe various modern, multifaceted antimicrobial formulation approaches to prevent the fatal consequences of antibiotic resistance and enhance the effectiveness of microbial growth control. Currently, several new-age antimicrobial formulation therapies are being explored and have shown promising results as efficacious preventatives, diagnostics, and drug carriers in comparison to conventional antibiotic therapy being used. In this chapter, we highlight the different categories of new-age antimicrobial formulation therapies currently in use, their molecular mechanism of microbial targeted delivery, their effectiveness over the traditional therapies, the challenges in their development and the future outcome of these contemporary formulations.
From Δ9-THC to Synthetic Cannabinoids: Multi- Faceted Therapeutic Agents and Versatile Scaffolds for Drug Discovery
Authors: Chiaramonte Niccolò , Saraiva Rosa Nathalie
Published: March 2023

Cannabis sativa L. has been used for millennia by humans for medicinal, ritual and recreational uses. Commonly known under its dried form (flowers and leaves) as marijuana, this plant produces hundreds of phytomolecules, including phytocannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids. Over the past decades, it is most abundant and most therapeutically relevant component, (-)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9- THC) has generated considerable interest due to its various therapeutic properties. Most of them result from the interaction with two G-protein coupled receptors named cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). This chapter gives a broad overview of the main structural investigations performed on the natural scaffold of Δ9-THC in order to modulate the affinity for the cannabinoid receptors and, potentially, its therapeutic properties. The design of several synthetic cannabinoid derivatives will be presented, and their structure-activity relationships will be analysed.
Monitoring Terhadap Kebijakan Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru Tingkat SMA di Kabupaten Pamekasan dalam Perspektif Zoning
Authors:   Inspektorat Daerah Kabupaten Pamekasan, Nur Widya Rahmi
Published: March 2023

This research is motivated by the various problems that arise in Indonesia, especially in Pamekasan Regency regarding the Admission of New Student Participants which uses a zoning system in the 2018/2019 school year and in the 2019/2020 school year. This study aims to determine the factual premise that exists in the field related to PPDB in the two periods by monitoring the policy of new high school student admissions in Pamekasan Regency in a zoning perspective. This study uses qualitative research methods that aim to explore data in depth. This research is expected to be a material for the government to make a strategic decision in the future related to PPDB in the zoning perspective in Pamekasan Regency.
Analisis Pengukuran Kinerja Instansi Pemerintahan Kabupaten Ngawi
Authors: Aditya Eka Saputra
Published: March 2023

This study focuses on measuring the performance of the Ngawi Regency in the Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMD) for 2016-2021. The author uses a measuring instrument value for money as a measure of the performance of regional apparatus. The author divides the discussion into 2 focuses, namely efforts to reduce poverty and efforts to improve the regional economy. In the poverty reduction sector, there are programs from the social service, while in improving the regional economy there are 8 sectors which include Food, Community Empowerment, MSMEs, Investment, tourism, agriculture, trade and industry. There is a grouping of these sectors into 3 sections of regional development which include Compulsory Non-Basic Services and Options. In the Non-Basic Service Compulsory group, it includes the Food sector, Community and Village Empowerment, MSMEs, Investment. Meanwhile, tourism, industry, and trade are the sectors of choice. The results of this study indicate that the performance in reducing poverty and increasing the economy gets the predicate of being economical, effective and efficient.
Implementasi PERPRES 86/2018 tentang Reforma Agraria di Desa Purworejo Kecamatan Donomulyo Kabupaten Malang
Authors:   BPN Kota Batu, Zainul Alfan
Published: March 2023

This research focuses on the implementation of PERPRES number 86 of 2018 concerning agrarian reform in Purworejo Village, Donomulyo District, Malang Regency, which focuses on the land redistribution program. The problem is that until now there has been no clear mechanism of work pattern after land redistribution to then be offered to aid providers. This study uses a qualitative method. The results of this study are that the implementation is still limited to asset management through land redistribution and minimal access management. Only a few beneficiaries had access to capital, and none of the beneficiaries received other assistance. Inhibiting factors: communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure have an impact on the not optimal implementation of agrarian reform in Purworejo Village.
Farmer Empowerment in Processing of Shallot Agricultural Products in Sukomoro Municipality, Nganjuk Regency
Authors: Ike Arni Noventi , M. Nur Kharis Mahmudin
Published: March 2023

Nganjuk Regency is one of the areas that has shallot producing centers in East Java. It even ranks 5th out of the top 10 shallot producing regions in Indonesia. Shallot is one of the leading horticultural commodities in Nganjuk Regency and has good prospects for meeting national consumption, a source of income for farmers, and foreign exchange. The problem is, shallot farmers still have low income due to limited access to business services and capital. The purpose of this study is to describe the process and phases of empowering farmers in the Sukomoro Municipality in processing shallot agricultural products as an effort to increase their ability and competitiveness. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The results showed that the empowerment carried out resulted in the processing of shallot agricultural products in the form of seeds and fried shallot products. The processing is supported by the awareness phase, the transformation phase, and the improvement phase from the farmers. The inhibiting factors are capital and the Covid-19 pandemic, so that protection from stakeholders is needed.
Exploring The Waste Management Policy in Developing Country: Lesson and Challenges from Kediri Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Edi Sudrajad , Tjahjanulin Domai , Mochamad Makmur , Irma Kumalasari
Published: March 2023

In recent years, the problem of solid waste management has highlighted numerous discussions in public policy literature. This research is intended to explore the waste management policy in developing country to reflect on how the local government with their limited capacity and resources deal with solid waste problems. It is kind of descriptive research that is conducted through qualitative approach by using semi-structured interview. This inquiry has been conducted in Kediri Regency as one of developing region with growing GDRP over years in Indonesia. In addition, the analysis process of this research has applied an interactive model which is suitable to administer the narrative-based data. The result of this study has underlined two major information; first the implementation of waste management policy in Kediri Regency has facing several challenges including, limited resources, capacity and infrastructure; second, the local government manages to shift the strategy from conventional to collaborative model by highlighting the role of local civilians.
Kind en avondmaal. Een alternatieve lezing van Calvijn
Authors: de Kok-van den Born R. , Moehn W.H.Th.
Published: March 2023

Most orthodox congregations in the PCN admit those who have publicly confessed their faith to participate in the Lord’s Supper. Because the average age at which such confessions of faith are made is eighteen, the Lord’s Supper is an occasion exclusively for adults. This article questions this practice based on John Calvin’s views on covenant, baptism, and the Lord’s Supper. By carefully reading Calvin’s views of infant baptism, especially the infants’ belonging to the community of the covenant, by evaluating his exegesis of 1 Corinthians 11:27-29, and Calvin’s view of the Lord’s Supper, and looking at the theory of embodiment and liturgical play as developed by Lydia van Leersum-Bekebrede, this article argues for allowing children to publicly confess their faith and participate in the Lord’s Supper.
The case of employed accountants in Mindanao: Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on salary
Authors:   College of Accounting Education, University of Mindanao, Davao City, Davao del Sur, Philippines, Enriquez Khen O. , Murcia John Vianne B. ,   College of Business Administration Education, University of Mindanao, Davao City, Davao del Sur, Philippines, Delima Allemar Jhone P. ,   College of Information and Computing Studies, Northern Iloilo State University, Estancia, Iloilo, Philippines,   Professional Schools, University of Mindanao, Davao City, Davao del Sur, Philippines
Published: March 2023

This study aims to identify the group of accountants affected by the COVID-19 Pandemic through salary reduction and what group assistance should be focused on in terms of financial aid. A total of 366 accountants from Mindanao participate in the study. A survey questionnaire was utilized to collate demographics and the effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the salaries of Mindanao Accountants. The cross-tabulation between variables is utilized to determine the age, employer's industry, certifications or licenses, and salary range greatly affected by COVID-19, comparing it with the two-way ANOVA test to study their association. This was tested to determine if COVID-19 affected the Mindanao accountants and resulted in salary reductions. This paper discovered that accountants in Mindanao are affected by the COVID-19 Pandemic with a negative impact on the salaries of accountants aged 46 and above, employed in the academic sector or earning P35,000–P39,000, regardless of whether they are certified practicing accountants (CPA) or Non-CPA with or without other certifications or licenses. Also, the study revealed a significant association between the employment effect of COVID-19 and the industry group of Mindanao Accountants compared to the COVID-19 impact on salaries. Recommending for pandemic responses to accountants be grouped based on their industry.
Cebolla de rama en Boyacá
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria, Mosquera (Colombia)
Published: March 2023

Bordeando el lago de tota, se encuentra el municipio de Aquitania, principal producto de cebolla de Rama de Colombia, lugar dónde se hace presencia en investigación por parte de Corpoica.
Agricultura urbana y periurbana
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria, Mosquera (Colombia)
Published: March 2023

En este clip se muestra cómo cultivar y cosechar sus propios alimentos dentro y alrededor de las ciudades.
Willingness to Vaccinate Against Herpes Zoster and Its Associated Factors Across WHO Regions: Global Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Qiang , Yang Liuqing , Li Lan , Liu Chang , Jin Hui , Lin Leesa
Published: March 2023

Background

A life-course immunization approach would enhance the quality of life across all age groups and improve societal well-being. The herpes zoster (HZ) vaccine is highly recommended for older adults to prevent HZ infection and related complications. The proportions of willingness to receive the HZ vaccine varies across countries, and various kinds of factors, including sociodemographics and individual perceptions, influence the willingness to vaccinate.

Objective

We aim to estimate the HZ vaccination willingness rate and identify factors associated with vaccine uptake willingness across all World Health Organization (WHO) regions.

Methods

A global systematic search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for all papers related to the HZ vaccine published until June 20, 2022. Study characteristics were extracted for each included study. Using double arcsine transformation, vaccination willingness rates with 95% CIs were pooled and reported. The willingness rate and associated factors were analyzed by geographical context. Associated factors were also summarized based on Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs.

Results

Of the 26,942 identified records, 13 (0.05%) papers were included, covering 14,066 individuals from 8 countries in 4 WHO regions (Eastern Mediterranean Region, European Region, Region of the Americas, and Western Pacific Region). The pooled vaccination willingness rate was 55.74% (95% CI 40.85%-70.13%). Of adults aged ≥50 years, 56.06% were willing to receive the HZ vaccine. After receiving health care workers’ (HCWs) recommendations, 75.19% of individuals were willing to get the HZ vaccine; without HCWs’ recommendations, the willingness rate was only 49.39%. The willingness rate was more than 70% in the Eastern Mediterranean Region and approximately 55% in the Western Pacific Region. The willingness rate was the highest in the United Arab Emirates and the lowest in China and the United Kingdom. The perception of HZ severity and susceptibility was positively associated with vaccination willingness. The perceived barriers to vaccination willingness (main reasons for unwillingness) included low trust in the effectiveness of the HZ vaccine, concerns about safety, financial concerns, and being unaware of the HZ vaccine’s availability. Older individuals, those having lower education, or those having lower income levels were less likely to willing to be vaccinated.

Conclusions

Only 1 in 2 individuals showed a willingness to be vaccinated against HZ. The willingness rate was the highest in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Our findings show the critical role HCWs play in promoting HZ vaccination. Monitoring HZ vaccination willingness is necessary to inform public health decision-making. These findings provide critical insights for designing future life-course immunization programs.
Responding to Elite Consolidation: the Anti-Cement-Factory Movement Resisting Oligarchy in an Indonesian Local Election
Authors: Novianto Arif , Dessi Wulansari Anindya
Published: March 2023

This study demonstrates resistance to oligarchic forces with a case study from Pati Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The movement started with a protest against the expansion of the internationally financed Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa Ltd in the Kendeng Mountains. The anti-cement-factory movement lived on and ‘defeated’ the oligarchs in the electoral districts where the movement happened in the 2017 Pati local election. This study uses a qualitative method. Data were collected from in-depth interviews between December 2016 and July 2017 with 16 social movement leaders and three regional leader’s election campaign team members. The findings show that oligarchy as a power relation system can be challenged, putting into question the belief that oligarchy as a power relation system in democracy is unchallenged. This case study in Pati Regency has shown that resistance on the grassroots level, albeit sporadic, was able to challenge the oligarchy.
Hallux deformity influence - quality of life
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gadarif University, Sudan, Massaad Samia O , Elgaili Salah Sami Eldirdiri ,   Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gadarif University, Sudan, Alamin Kamal Dafaalla ,   Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gadarif University, Sudan, Mahgoob Eman Elafef ,   Department of Community, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gadarif University, Sudan
Published: March 2023

Background: Hallux valgus is a very common deformity of the big toe and can befamilial or acquired. Knowledge of risk factors of hallux valgus is important in order to prevent or minimize progression of this deformity, since a surgical intervention is the only treatment to correct this deformity. The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors of hallux valgus deformity and the influence in quality of life Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study was conducted in Gadarif state, eastern Sudan from January to June 2021.Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from participants. An informed consent was obtained before data collection. Results: A total of 59 subjects from Gadarif state with HA were enrolled in this study. The females were 32 (54.2%).The most common affected age group was > 35 years accounted 44 (74.6%).33 (55.9 %) of study subjects had normal body weight(statistically not significant p=0. 957).41(69.5%) subjects had a family history of HV (statistically significant p=0. 000). 20/32 (62.5%) female use high heelShoe.44 (74.6 %) subjects had a weakness hallux plantar flexion action and abduction(statistically significant p=0. 000). Conclusion: This study found the prevalence of HV increased with age and was higher in females. There was significant correlation between the family history and hallux deformity. Also the study observed significant association between the severity of hallux deformity and impairment of functions of hallux plantar muscles. There is a reduction in health in general and particularly in foot health with increasing severity pain of hallux deformity that appears to be associated with increase in age. Keywords: hallux valgus, female, male, big toe pain, family history, life quality, Gadarif state, Sudan
Quantum Machine Learning: A Review
Authors: Sarkar Soumyadip
Published: March 2023

Abstract: Quantum machine learning is an emerging field that aims to leverage the unique properties of quantum computing to accelerate machine learning tasks. In this paper, we review recent advances in quantum machine learning and discuss the potential applications and challenges associated with this technology. Specifically, we examine the current state of quantum machine learning algorithms, including variational quantum algorithms, quantum neural networks, and quantum generative models. We also discuss the challenges associated with practical quantum computing resources, algorithm design, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Furthermore, we highlight the potential applications of quantum machine learning in areas such as drug discovery, speech and image recognition, financial modeling, and many others. We also examine the ethical and societal implications of this technology, including the potential impact on privacy and security. Finally, we discuss future prospects for quantum machine learning, including the potential for quantum-inspired classical algorithms and the development of error correction techniques. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in the continued advancement of this field.
Robust phase-controlled gates for scalable atomic quantum processors using optical standing waves
Authors: Whitlock Shannon
Published: March 2023

A simple scheme is presented for realizing robust optically controlled quantum gates for scalable atomic quantum processors by driving the qubits with optical standing waves. Atoms localized close to the antinodes of the standing wave can realize phase-controlled quantum operations that are potentially more than an order of magnitude less sensitive to the local optical phase and atomic motion than corresponding travelling wave configurations. The scheme is compatible with robust optimal control techniques and spatial qubit addressing in atomic arrays to realize phase controlled operations without the need for tight focusing and precise positioning of the control lasers. This will be particularly beneficial for quantum gates involving Doppler sensitive optical frequency transitions and provides an all optical route to scaling up atomic quantum processors.
Practical computational advantage from the quantum switch on a generalized family of promise problems
Authors: Escandón-Monardes Jorge , Delgado Aldo , Walborn Stephen P.
Published: March 2023

The quantum switch is a quantum computational primitive that provides computational advantage by applying operations in a superposition of orders. In particular, it can reduce the number of gate queries required for solving promise problems where the goal is to discriminate between a set of properties of a given set of unitary gates. In this work, we use Complex Hadamard matrices to introduce more general promise problems, which reduce to the known Fourier and Hadamard promise problems as limiting cases. Our generalization loosens the restrictions on the size of the matrices, number of gates and dimension of the quantum systems, providing more parameters to explore. In addition, it leads to the conclusion that a continuous variable system is necessary to implement the most general promise problem. In the finite dimensional case, the family of matrices is restricted to the so-called Butson-Hadamard type, and the complexity of the matrix enters as a constraint. We introduce the “query per gate'' parameter and use it to prove that the quantum switch provides computational advantage for both the continuous and discrete cases. Our results should inspire implementations of promise problems using the quantum switch where parameters and therefore experimental setups can be chosen much more freely.