bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Christian Personalism and Democratic Capitalism
Authors: Bayer Richard C.
Published: August 2016

In his recent works Michael Novak offers an affirmation of “democratic capitalism” based on a Christian personalist perspective. Novak's scholarship has received increasing attention since the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, and particularly since the recent encyclicalCentesimus Annus. In that encyclical John Paul II offered a qualified affirmation of market economies. This article addresses an important question: to what extent can a Christian personalist social theory be used to offer an affirmation of a market economy, and how might it offer vision and constructive critique? I initiate a creative dialogue between the personalism of Emmanuel Mounier and Michael Novak's presentation of democratic capitalism. I argue that Novak has shed important light on the positive moral aspects of a market system, but I identify and emphasize the important remaining areas for moral concern.
Dorothy Day's Apologia for Faith after Marx
Authors: Mize Sandra Yocum
Published: August 2016

Dorothy Day has received a great deal of attention from contemporary scholars of U.S. Catholicism. This article makes a unique contribution to this growing literature by offering a close reading of Dorothy Day's autobiography, The Long Loneliness. The purpose is to highlight the narrative's integrity as a sustained argument in defense of Christian faith transformed by wrestling with the Marxist charge: religion is the opiate of the people. Day deserves credit for a daring approach to Catholic apologetics in the 1950s. The article presents the narrative as a dialectic between the personal and the political, the material and the spiritual, and the natural and the supernatural that resolves itself in a creative synthesis through the Catholic Worker Movement. Day embraces Marxist aspirations and acknowledges their criticism's truth in defending the authenticity of her Catholic commitment. Day simultaneously demonstrates that the Incarnation's reality informs traditional Catholicism with its radical political character.
Entering into Otherness: The Postmodern Critique of the Subject and Karl Rahner's Theological Anthropology
Authors: Hogan Kevin
Published: August 2016

The critique of the subject and subjectivity in postmodern theory serves also as as critique of the modern turn to the subject in theology. After reviewing that critique in contemporary literary and rhetorical theory, this article examines the concept of the subject in Karl Rahner's theological anthropology. This article argues that both postmodern theory and Rahner's anthropology suggest alternatives to the autonomous subject, and that Rahner's view can provide a description of an authentic, semi-permeable, and historically mediated subject.
Covenant Generativity: Toward a Theology of Christian Family
Authors: Lawler Michael G. , Risch Gail S.
Published: August 2016

This article is an effort toward practical, pastoral, theological correlation, an effort to bring together the American cultural tradition and the Christian theological tradition. Its argument develops in four cumulative theses to be explicated: (1) there is a crisis of family in the United States today; (2) what is said of family in both First and Second biblical Testaments is of no direct help in that crisis; (3) what makes a family Christian is not the slavish following of some biblical saying about family but the following of Jesus confessed as the Christ; (4) the Christian family has an important contribution to make in the contemporary crisis of family in the United States. Each thesis is developed in turn.
American Catholic Universities and the Passion for the Impossible
Authors: Sanders Theresa
Published: August 2016

Recent debate regarding the implementation of Ex Corde Ecclesiae has led many Catholic colleges and universities to reexamine their identity in relation to the church. Often departments of theology and religious studies are charged with maintaining the “Catholic” character of a campus, with negative effects. Much of the reaction to Ex Corde has been framed in terms of free speech, American systems of tenure, and religious diversity. This paper, however, suggests that holiness, understood as an ever-deepening awareness of Mystery (Rahner) or as “a passion for the impossible” (Caputo) might be a more fruitful context for dialogue between Catholic institutions of higher education and the Vatican.
The Role of Theology in Religious Education
Authors: Boys Mary C.
Published: August 2016

The intensified efforts in recent years to bring definitional clarity to the field of religious education involve not simply elucidating the role of theology but also exploring the function of religious studies. A proposal is made in this essay that both theology and religious studies make different and necessary contributions to religious education, though neither subsumes it. The context for this argument is established by means of an initial review of the literature of religious education regarding the varied perspectives on the role of theology and then by attention to the relationship of theology and religious studies. The concluding section consists of three propositions specifying a conceptualization of the field of religious education with distinct functions for theology and religious studies.
Definitions of Religion: A Matter of Taste?
Authors: Casey Stephen J.
Published: August 2016

As theologians are increasingly employing the social sciences in their work, it is incumbent upon them to examine the way the term religion is employed in these disciplines. This paper explains the common types of definition employed (the substantive and functional varieties) and critiques each from the perspective of contemporary theology. Both are found deficient in ways highly significant for theologians. This paper argues that it is inappropriate to attempt to establish any single definition of religion as normative. While the posture adopted appears to lay to rest any attempt to generate “grand theory” about religion it is not inconsistent with the canons of science as understood in current philosophy of science discourse.
The Mystical Vision of Simone Weil in Relationship to Roman Catholicism
Authors: Weaver F. Ellen
Published: August 2016

Simone Weil was a mystic obsessed with the search for absolutes and with a holistic vision of the world. At the same time she was deeply concerned about the plight of the outcasts of society. This concern rooted her mysticism in reality and, like the biblical prophets, she decried societal abuses. She saw the Church as larger than the institution she was invited to enter through baptism. Her refusal to enter symbolically united her with the members of “common humanity” who were excluded from the institutional Church. This mystical vision was prophetic of the Church of Vatican II.
A Discipleship of Equals: Past, Present, Future
Authors: Conn Joann Wolski
Published: August 2016

This essay clarifies the foundation for a discipleship of equals by bringing feminist scholarship to bear upon conflicting religious assumptions regarding women. To this end, it surveys significant scholars as well as issues: past, present, and future. It evaluates the outcome of the three phases of study in women's history (I); it urges present action in four areas which are essential for equality in the Church (II); and it speaks words of hope for difficult times to come (III).
Reinhold Niebuhr and History: The Elusive Liberal Critique
Authors: Smith Ruth L.
Published: August 2016

Interpreters of Reinhold Niebuhr generally ascribe the inconsistencies in his view of history to either his changing mind or inadequacies in the development of Christian realism. These perspectives can be insightful but they neglect larger and more systematic questions about the relation of Niebuhr to the specific historical period he addresses, that of liberalism. This essay argues that Niebuhr's work both draws more deeply on liberal assumptions and poses sharper historical criticism than is often recognized. The analysis provided below demonstrates that while Niebuhr identifies the rationalized self-legitimation in the liberal teleology of progress, his view of the historical development of individuals and societies reproduces the idea that liberal society is the culmination of all previous historical periods. The difficulties Niebuhr has in overcoming the limits of liberal categories are instructive regarding the complexity of criticizing a society of which we are a part.
The Denial of Mystery: Object Relations Theory and Religion
Authors: Smith Roy Herndon Steinhoff
Published: August 2016

A number of religious thinkers have uncritically made use of psychoanalytic object relations theory. I argue that this uncritical appropriation is dangerous to religious thought because object relations theorists tend, implicitly, if not explicitly, to deny the reality of the object of religious faith or Mystery. I analyze the defenses against Mystery in object relations theory in order to uncover what is denied by them. This critical analysis allows object relations theory to be reappropriated by religious thinkers as a valuable source of insights into the ways Mystery manifests itself in human life.
Theology: Transcendental or Hermeneutical?
Authors: Fiorenza Francis Schüssler
Published: August 2016

Jack Bonsor's essay as well as his interpretation of Karl Rahner and especially of Rahner's appropriation of Martin Heidegger's philosophy raises a central issue of theology today. His essay raises the issue of the relation between transcendental and hermeneutical approaches. Are they radically opposed? Or can they be synthesized into a unity?

This issue has become particularly acute within contemporary theology influenced by the contemporary philosophical scene. The American philosophical debates on relativity, realism, and pragmatism have challenged traditional transcendental approaches to philosophy. In addition, hermeneutics has taken a new turn. Previously hermeneutical theory underscored the authority and binding claims of classics. Now literary critical theory and post-structuralist French philosophy emphasize instead the deconstruction of classical texts. This shift entails a further turn away from metaphysics and transcendental philosophy to relativism—a turn exemplified in Richard Rorty's critique of transcendental and metaphysical philosophy. His critique appeals to the hermeneutical tradition of Heidegger and Gadamer, to the pragmatic philosophy of James and Dewey (neglecting Peirce), to the deconstructivism of Derrida, and to a literary theory influenced by Nietzsche.

Another move toward relativism is the emerging debate about modernity that contrasts post-modernity with what modernity represents. The critics of modernity argue that the universalism of transcendental philosophy is a relic of modernity. They label transcendental universality a false universality of a dominating and oppressive reason. They label it a repressive reason for it suppresses the particularities of ethnic, gender, social, and economic groups. Their criticisms of traditional metaphysics and transcendental rationality are often so trenchant that the title of a Richard Bernstein's recent essay seems deserved: “The Rage against Reason.”
Could “Subtle Words” have Conveyed “Praise and Blame”? The
Implications of Formal Regularity and Variation in Spring and
Autumn (Chūn Qiū) Records
Authors: Van Auken Newell Ann
Published: August 2016

The Spring and Autumn
(Chūn Qiū) is a highly formally
regular chronicle of apparently objective entries recorded in
the state of Luˇ for the period from 722 to 479 (or 481)
b.c.e. The present study is a formal
analysis of the Spring and Autumn
(Chūn Qiū), showing that its
records were written in adherence to strict prescriptive rules
governing what types of events could be recorded and the form of
those records. Entries recording the same type of event were
recorded using the same form, including the same degree of
specificity in date notation, style of reference to individuals,
as well as main verb and sentence pattern. Other variables
affecting the form of records included the rank of individuals
mentioned in the record and their home state. Regular diachronic
changes in form may also be identified, and their presence
demonstrates that the Spring and
Autumn (Chūn Qiū)
accrued over time and was not the product of a single author or
editor. Classes of records associated with events, persons, or
states deemed to be of greater importance were marked by
inclusion of more detail such as names or precise dates, or use
of special (honorific or euphemistic) verbs. The use of formal
marking to indicate the exceptional significance of classes of
records apparently extended to individual records, suggesting
that the value judgment associated with the class had been
applied to an individual event. While the Spring
and Autumn (Chūn
Qiū) contains no explicit value judgments,
formal irregularities may indeed have been used to express value
judgments on the events recorded in the Spring and
Autumn (Chūn
Qiū).
29. An Observation on the State Functionaries

Tian, Mu

, and

Wei

in Oracle-Bone Inscriptions and the Origins of the Princes

Hou

,

Dian

,

Nan

, and

Wei
Authors: Xigui Qiu
Published: August 2016

According to the historical sources of the early Zhou dynasty, the of the Shang kingdom included and . In the late oracle-bone inscriptions, and were mentioned side by side, and so were and . In the Western Zhou period, were all princes. The in oracle inscriptions was considered by most scholars as a kind of prince too. The author of this paper does not quite agree with this point of view. According to the fact that were often mentioned as , and that some of the places where were staying were located in the fiefs of or the author believes that were originally officials who were sent by the king to be stationed at places beyond the capital of the Shang kingdom to engage in cultivation. But in the late Shang period, many became princes.

The situation of and , was similar to that of . They were often referred to as and respectively in oracle-bone inscriptions. The former was sent to be stationed at some place to engage in livestock husbandry, and the latter to defend the kingdom. A number of them also became princes afterwards.
An Ancient Chinese Horse Ritual
Authors: Sterckx Roel
Published: August 2016

This article examines a section in the Shuihudi 睡虎地Rishu日書 (Daybooks) entitled “Horses” (ma馬) which describes the instructions for the performance of a ritual to propitiate a horse spirit. The text is one of the earliest transmitted ritual liturgies involving the treatment of animals. It reveals a hitherto little known aspect of the role of animals in early Chinese religion; namely, the ritual worship of tutelary animal spirits and the performance of sacrifices for the benefit of animals. Furthermore, it corroborates the existence of magico-religious rituals involving the treatment of animals, and demonstrates that cultic worship of animal spirits, criticized by some masters of philosophy, was part of the religious practices of the elite in the late Warring States and early imperial period. The article presents an annotated translation of the “Horses” section, discusses its contents and significance in relation to equine imagery documented in received sources, and examines its value as a source for the perception of animals and animal ritual in late Warring States and early imperial China.
Archetypes, Model Emulation, and the Confucian Gentleman
Authors: Savage William E.
Published: August 2016

The ideal of the gentleman occupies an important position in the ConfucianAnalects. Many elements of this ideal appear in pre-Confucian sources as fundamental images of aristocratic excellence. This article presents several of those images as they appear in Western Chou bronze inscriptions, theShih-chingandShu-ching. In particular, we will study the role of model behavior and model emulation as well as images of Wen Wang, noble ancestors and their virtue,te. We shall see the application of these expressions of human excellence gradually extended beyond royalty and nobility to become components of a new definition of human worth applicable to all men.
Zhouyuan Oracle-Bone Inscriptions: Entering the Research Stage?
Authors: Shaughnessy Edward L.
Published: August 2016

In 1977, some 17,000 pieces of pyromantic turtle-shell, of which nearly 300 pieces were inscribed, were discovered at the site of the Zhou ancestral temple in Qishan, Shaanxi. Scholarship on this important inscriptional source has been hampered by the piecemeal nature of its publication. Now, Wang Yuxin, in his XiZhou jiagu tanlun, has brought together the information and conclusions of sixteen studies published through 1981. In addition, Wang has also presented his own research into the nature and periodization of these inscriptions. The author of this review article acknowledges Wang's contributions to the study of the Zhouyuan oracle-bone inscriptions, but finds fault not only with Wang's periodization but also with his assertion that a number of these inscriptions recording sacrifices to Shang ancestors manifest instead an exogamic relationship between the Shang and Zhou kings.
The Origin of an Yijing Line Statement
Authors: Shaughnessy Edward L.
Published: August 2016

This essay begins by examining divination records from the Zhou dynasty (such as those from Zhouyuan and Baoshan, as well as records in traditional texts) showing that the topic of divination was invariably announced in the form of a “charge” indicating the desire of the person for whom the divination was being performed. Next, other accounts of turtle-shell divination (in the Shiji, Guo yu and Zuo zhuan) are examined to determine how the results of the divinations were interpreted. The author shows that the diviner was responsible for producing a yao 竊 or “omen-text” that was composed of three lines of four characters, the first describing the crack in the shell (i.e., the omen), followed by a couplet linking this omen to the announced topic of the divination, similar to the way in which the nature evocations of the Shijing are linked to events in the human realm. Finally, the author shows that this omentext is formally identical to the most developed form of the line statemerits of the Yijing, and proposes that from this form can be discerned the divinatory context that originally produced these line statements.
Scribes, Cooks, and Artisans: Breaking Zhou Tradition
Authors: Cook Constance A.
Published: August 2016

Bronze Inscriptions of the Western Zhou period show how ritualists were once dedicated to maintaining the ritual apparatus supporting the divine authority of the royal Zhou lineage. Bronze and bamboo texts of the Eastern Zhou period reveal, on the other hand, that ritualists able to manipulate local rulers reliant on their knowledge subsequently subverted power into their own hands. Ritualists such as scribes, cooks, and artisans were involved in the transmission of Zhou “power” through the creation and use of inscribed bronze vessels during feasts. The expansion and bureaucratization of their roles in the Chu state provided economic and ultimately political control of the state. This was particularly the case as theChu, like the Zhou before them, fled east to escape western invaders.
Textual Criticism More Sinico
Authors: Boltz William G.
Published: August 2016

Textual transmission is viewed in the West typically as a destructive process that results in ever greater corruption and error in a text, and
the enterprise of textual criticism in correspondingly seen as the task of restoring the damaged text to a form as close to its original as possible. In China such a negative view of the process of textual transmission does not normally obtain, and textual criticism therefore does not carry the image of being primarily a rehabilitative procedure.

An important part of the reason for the different perception of the consequences of textual transmission and of the goals of textual criticism lies with the nature of the writing systems involved. Western texts in alphabetic scripts directly reveal errors at the level below that of the word, e.g., spelling errors, grammar errors, pronunciation errors, etc., for which no interpretation is available save that of seeing them as mistakes. Orthographic errors in Chinese texts, written in logographic script, are not prone to such immediate identification as mistakes. All variants in a text written in a logographic script have the potential to be meaningful and therefore are perceived as different, but are not stigmatized automatically as wrong.
A Question of Faith: A New Interpretation of Mencius 2B.13
Authors: Ivanhoe Philip J.
Published: August 2016

This paper discusses some of the difficulties surrounding the interpretation of Mencius 2B. 13. After considering the most important traditional Chinese commentaries, the author discusses the interpretations of a number of modern scholars, from both the East and the West. He then offers two new interpretations and concludes that the second is the most appropriate.
The Wide Scope of Tao 盜 ‘Theft,” in Ch'in-Han Law
Authors: Hulsewé A. F. P.
Published: August 2016

This discussion of the different malfeasances subsumed under the general term “theft” in Ch'in-Han law is based on theShih chi, theHan shu, and theHou Han shuand their early commentaries, as well as on the Han commentaries to the Classics. Besides common theft and robbery, “theft” included bribery and corruption, receiving stolen goods, intimidation and embezzling, and, it seems, smuggling certain items. As far as possible, actual cases are quoted in illustration.
Toward a Study of the Economic Views of Sang Hung-Yang
Authors: Kroll J. L.
Published: August 2016

The study of the economic views of the eminent Han statesman and thinker Sang Hung-yang(152-80 B.C.) permits various approaches. One tendency has been to examine his ideas within the context of the general history of economic thought. T'ang Ch'ing-tseng, for instance, has attempted to find modern European parallels in his analysis of theYen t'ieh lun(especially those theories attributed to Sang). Later attempts, however, which examine Sang's economic ideas in the context of the history of Chinese economic thought itself seem more fruitful. For example, V. M. Stein has convincingly established the connection between theKuan-tzuand Sang's views in theYen t'ieh lun. Stein concluded first that Sang was “a Legalist of a new formation” who “approved of any source of income,” even of the kind of “profiteering” which was later endemic to the society of Peter the Great of Russia; and, second, that he was a practical financier, who borrowed the theoretical basis for his measures to regulate the economy from theKuan-tzu, but disregarded the “deep-laid ethical basis” of this work.
Decipherment of the Word

Yu

in the Shang Oracle Bone Inscriptions and in Pre-Classical Chinese
Authors: Takashima K.
Published: August 2016

The recent attempt by Professor David S. Nivison to show that (= yu )/ yu in early Archaic Chinese functioned as a “pronominal” word encourages one to think that the language of bone inscriptions, though arcane and difficult, is, after all, manageable, and that it may be used to understand the later, more evolved language, rather than the other way around. The various arguments in his theory are both well presented and accompanied by rich and meticulous documentation from inscriptions and from pre-Classical texts.

Nivison takes the word yu as a pronominal adjective, variously rendered, according to the context, as “his,” “her,” “our,” “your,” “their,” “the,” “there,” “some,” “of it/them,” “about it,” and “in this matter.” These context-sensitive renditions are possible because yu is construed as a word whose grammatical functions, rather than its fixed meaning, are realized in these various readings. One major contribution of Nivison is that he has shown that the word yu, in certain contexts, functioned attributively. Whether it also did or did not function “pronominally” is the topic with which this paper is concerned primarily.
The Date of the “Duo You Ding” and its Significance
Authors: Shaughnessy Edward L.
Published: August 2016

The “Duo You ding,” discovered in 1980 in Chang'an county, Shaanxi, contains a 270-graph inscription recording a major battle between Zhou and Xianyun chariotry. In addition to presenting a complete translation of the inscription, this paper attempts to specify the date of the events narrated. The argument is developed along three lines of inquiry. First, it is shown that personal names mentioned in the inscription require that the events took place shortly after the tenth year of King Xuan's reign (i.e., 818 B.C.). Second, evidence from other bronze inscriptions is adduced to show that there was fighting between the Zhou and Xianyun in the years 816-15, suggesting that the battle described in the “Duo You ding” may have been part of this larger warfare. Third, comparison of internal calendrical notations in the inscription with other evidence for the calendrical significance of Zhou victory celebrations not only confirms the first two conclusions but also allows the date to be specified as the tenth month of 816 B.C. Finally, all of this information is correlated to give a rough outline of the Zhou-Xianyun war and to suggest some of its historical significance.
Some Further Points on The Shih
Authors: Cullen Christopher
Published: August 2016

The ancient Chinese diviner's instrument known as a shih was an adjustable cosmic model. A similar object, the ‘lodge dial’, was probably a simple analogue computer for use in calendrical astronomy. Such instruments were forerunners of the armiliary sphere in China. It is possible that the phrase hsüan chi yu heng in the 5th/4th century B.C. Yao tien is a reference to some instrument related to the shih.
A Follow up Study of Young Hyperactive Children
Authors: Prior Margot , Leonard Ann
Published: August 2016

Hyperactive children first diagnosed as toddlers were followed up into the early school years. When Compared with matched normal children the hyperactives showed clear problems in behaviour temperament, and cognitive development, at the time of first assessment. After two follow-up assessments at 5 and 6 years of age the only differences remaining between the groups were those involving hyperactive and conduct problem behaviour and a difficult temperament profile. Academic progress was normal although this may have been influenced by sample attrition where lower I.Q. children dropped out. Hyperactive children remained at risk for behavioural problems at home and at school.
A High School Self-esteem Inventory
Authors: Lawrence Denis
Published: August 2016

An attempt was made to standardise a High School version of the LAWSEQ self-esteem measure on a sample of High School students (N = 745). Similar norms were obtained to the original LAWSEQ standardised on a primary polulation (N = 15,000). No sex-differences were observed. Reliability coefficients indicate that the High School Version could be used reliably up to year 11.
The Effect of Grade Repetition on the Academic Performance of Infants and Primary Students
Authors: Kenny Dianna
Published: August 2016

The present study examined the effects of repetition on the academic performance of students in grades one to five. Subjects (n = 122) were all selected by their schools for repetition at the end of the school year. Of these, 74 repeated the grade and the remaining 48 proceeded to the next grade because these students' parents rejected the schools' recommendations to repeat their children. All children were pre- and post-tested on a range of standardized, class-based and criterion-referenced tests to determine the academic effects of repetition and promotion on students.

Although the repeated group showed a significant improvement in place in grade, analysis of variance yielded very few differences between repeated and promoted students on the standardized academic measures, although trends favoured the promoted group. It was concluded that repetition is of limited benefit in enhancing academic performance, although the gains were sufficient to allow favourable comparisons of repeated students with their new peer groups, as measured by their place in grade, leading teachers to conclude that substantial improvements had occurred.
Clocks, Bells and Cockerels
Authors: Bloor R. H.
Published: August 2016

In the public mind noise is associated more with the sound of twentieth century inventions than the ages old chime of church clocks and the clang of church bells or indeed the crowing of cockerels. The Law Reports give little guidance as to the principles governing the legal liability in the case of nuisance from clocks, bells and cockerels at common law and the circumstances in which an injunction can be obtained to stop them, in contrast to a steady flow of cases arising out of noise created by today's mechanised and industralised society. However, it would appear from recent experience as reported in national newspapers and from the writer's own experience that these issues are very much alive and of interest to practitioners, particularly those who are advising ecclesiastical authorities.
Some Observations on the History of and the Role and Duties of the Manx Vicar General, Chancellor & Official Principal
Authors: Farrant P. W. S.
Published: August 2016

The first statutory reference to a Vicar General in Man appears in an Act of Tynwald (the ancient Manx Legislative Assembly and which stil exists and operates today as a modern and democratically elected body) namely section 3 of ‘a book of spiritual laws and customs of the Island’.
The Governing Body of the Church in Wales: Recent Legislation
Authors: Watkin Thomas Glyn
Published: August 2016

At the April 1995 meeting of the Governing Body, the Constitution of the Church in Wales was amended in accordance with decisions taken by the Governing Body in September 1994. It had been resolved that stipendiary clerics and non-stipendiary clerics under seventy years of age should not receive fees for taking services in vacant incumbencies, but that retired clerics, readers and non-stipendiaries over the age of seventy should receive such fees. All should receive travelling expenses. The Maintenance of Ministry Scheme was accordingly amended to reflect these decisions by minor amendments to section 6 (1) (h) and section 6 (3) of the Scheme and the replacement of sections 4 and 5 of the Third Schedule thereto. The Governing Body had also agreed that a maximum of two lay persons per diocese should be included in the Maintenance of Ministry Scheme, which provides for the payment of ministers, provided that these were accredited lay Ministers licensed by the diocesan bishop to engage in the work of mission and ministry in a parochial or diocesan capacity. The lay persons concerned were to be counted as serving clerics for the purposes of allocating monies among the dioceses. The Maintenance of Ministry Scheme has again been amended to effect these decisions, this time by the introduction of a new paragraph (k) in section 6 (1) – the existing paragraphs (k) to (m) being redesignated (1) to (n) as a result – and by the introduction of a new paragraph (e) into section 6 (2).
In Favour of Keeping Sunday “Special”
Authors: Brentford Viscount
Published: August 2016

When the Shops Bill was defeated at its Second Reading in the House of Commons in the early hours of 15 April 1986, Mrs Thatcher is believed to have said that a “mercy killing” had been performed. The Bill had run into considerable difficulty under a weight of public opposition, coming at the time of some disarray in the Government, following the Westland and Leyland controversies and the resignation of two Cabinet Ministers. It was only the second time since 1924 that a Government Bill had been defeated at Second Reading, and was caused by 72 Government backbenchers defying a three-line whip and voting with the opposition.
Biblical Influences on the Medieval and Early Modern English Law of Sanctuary
Authors: Field Teresa
Published: August 2016

In Act Three of Shakespeare's King Richard III the Duke of Buckingham asks Cardinal Bourchier to try and persuade Elizabeth Woodville to release the young Duke of York from sanctuary at Westminster. In the event of such tactics failing, Buckingham wishes Lord Hastings to accompany the Cardinal to Westminster and ‘… from her jealous arms pluck him perforce.’ The Cardinal's initial reaction is one of horror:

‘…if she be obdurate

To mild enteraties god in heaven forbid

We should infringe the holy privilge

Of blessed sanctuary not for all this land

Would I be guilty of so deep a sin.’
Recourse and the Principle of Non Lex Sed Corruptio Legis
Authors: Barrett Richard
Published: August 2016

In his discussion of the nature of law St Thomas Aquinas cites St Augustine's principle that an unjust law ceases by that very fact to be a truly binding one, and this remark provides us with a useful springboard for a discussion of how different institutions have dealt with the occurrence of such a problem within their own systems. There are two principal factispecies envisaged when we deal with such a scenario within the Christian community; when a law has been interpreted erroneously by its officers and when the law is applied by the administration with a rigidity that exceeds the intention of the legislator. In these circumstances, it is arguable that we are dealing not with true law as such but with the corruption of law, non lex seil corruptio legis. The expression corruptio legis is here understood not in a subjective but in an objective sense, i.e. it is not to be understood to refer to the administration or the officials that apply the law but to the legal norm itself. The issues raised by the principle, non lex sed corruptio legis, are not simply ethical but also legal, and the important resolution in Augustine and Aquinas offers a useful window into one of the central problems of comparative administrative law.
‘Mighty Acts of Judgment’
Authors: Turnbull Michael
Published: August 2016

As we celebrate the Lord's death in this service, I want to encourage you to put the Cross at the centre of our deliberations about Gospel and order. It might help to relate judgment with the vertical arm of the Cross and mercy with the horizontal.
The Anglican Communion: Does it Exist?
Authors: Rees John
Published: August 2016

The title of this article is deliberately provocative: what meaning can be attached to a concept which lacks all the classic jurisprudential marks of authority, by those who concern themselves with the legal aspects of Anglican churches? Conversely, what lessons can be learned by them from the very persistence of such a concept over so very many years?
Roman Catholic Missionary Prelates
Authors: Galles Duane L. C. M.
Published: August 2016

One hears frequently of missionaries and often about the Roman Catholic Church's missionary effort. But seldom does one find in English a survey of the canon law of Roman Catholic missionary prelates. This may be because the canon law of missions was perfected only in this century and because to this day it remains only partly codified. In any case, for reasons which will later become apparent, this body of canon law has special application in the Commonwealth.
The Church of Sweden and the Unravelling of Establishment
Authors: Cranmer Frank
Published: August 2016

The Church of England and the Church of Sweden have been in communion with one another since the early 1920s and have much in common. Both maintain the historic episcopate, both place great emphasis on liturgy, and since the Reformation both have long been ‘by law established’—a process which began in Sweden when Gustavus Vasa took the throne in 1523 after the successful war of liberation against Denmark, was confirmed by the Riksdag of Västerås in 1544 and, after some vicissitudes, was finally settled by the Pact of Succession of 1604.
The Judges and the Jews
Authors: Godfrey Gerald
Published: August 2016

The Jews have been a source of constant trouble to the judiciary of this country; but, to be fair, only for the last 350 years. Between 1066, when the first Jews to settle here came over from what is now France in the wake of the Norman Conquest, to 1290, when the Jews were expelled, Jewish issues do not appear to have concerned the judges. This discussion of judicial involvement with Jewish issues begins in 1655, when, following Menasseh ben Israel's famous initiative, two senior judges, Chief Justice Glyn and Chief Baron Steel, advised the assembly that had been summoned by Cromwell to consider the matter, that ‘there was no law which forbids the Jews’return into England’.
The Restoration of Listed Rural Churches to the Community: A Personal View from Suffolk
Authors: Barber Stuart
Published: August 2016

The parish church is: held upon trust for the parishioners. The abiding theme is one of temporary custodianship. Today's generation holds on trust its inheritance from former generations for the glorification of God in the present and in the future.1.
Freedom of Expression: Defining the Limits for Broadcasters
Authors: Hill Mark
Published: August 2016

On 10 July 2003, the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg delivered a significant judgment concerning the qualified nature of the right of freedom of expression enunciated in Article 10 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The previous May saw the House of Lords deliver a judgment on a similar matter. The former related to the resurrection; the latter was about video footage of unborn fœtuses. Each is illuminating and may prove of wider application.
The General Synod of the Church of England
Authors: Slack Stephen
Published: August 2016

The July group of sessions saw final approval being given to a group of items, including an Amending Canon, giving effect to the more contentious aspects of the Bridge Review of Synodical Government. In addition to making a number of technical changes to the Church Representation Rules relating to PCCs and deanery synods, the legislation will also alter the size and composition of the General Synod itself: among other changes, overall numbers will fall by 104 to 467 and the archdeacons' special constituency will be removed (their route to membership of the Synod being restricted to the diocesan clergy elections). There will also be reductions in the size of the special constituencies for deans and suffragan bishops.
Emerging Legal Issues Involving Islam in Europe
Authors: Hill Mark
Published: August 2016

The Central European University in Budapest played host to a meeting of experts engaged in a continuing conversation on the subject of Islam in the European Union. The event was sponsored by Brigham Young University and convened by Professor Cole Durham, a leading expert in religious freedom particularly in relation to countries of the former Soviet Bloc. Contributors included Louis-Leons Christians and Rik Torfs (Louvain), Guy Haarscher (Brussels), Fikret Karcic (Sarajevo), Atanas Krusteff and Daniel Smilov (Sofia), Patrick Macklem (Toronto), Alain Garay (Pari Emmanuel Tawil (Lyons), Richard Puza (Tubingen), Stefan Messmann, Andras Sajo and Balas Schanda (Budapest), Tore Lindholm (Oslo), Zoila Solis (Zaragoza), Murat Ozsunay (Istanbul), and Mark Hill and Jon Heard (Cardiff).
What is the Place of Custom in English Canon Law?
Authors: Bursell Rupert
Published: August 2016

It is now generally recognised that as a matter of history the canon law was applied, subject to variations by local custom, in pre-Reformation England just as much as throughout the rest of Western Christendom. Indeed such local variations were permitted by the canon law itself. As Professor Brooke concluded in The English Church and The Papacy From The Conquest To The Reign of King John:

“The English Church recognised the same law as the rest of the Church; it possessed and used the same collections of Church law that were employed in the rest of the Church. There is no shred of evidence to show that the English Church in the eleventh and twelfth centuries was governed by laws selected by itself.”

The same was also true until the Reformation.
Behavioral Manifestations of Frontal Lobe Seizures
Authors: Riggio Silvana
Published: August 2016

Patients with seizure of frontal lobe origin can present with bizarre behavior. At times, this bizarre behavior can be unrecognized or confused with seizure of other origin with nonepileptic events or with psychiatric disorder.

I recently saw a patient who began to experience events that were characterized by terrible fear which was followed by irritability. It was as if she could not stand in place where she was at and felt like running away. She was referred to a psychiatrist who diagnosed her to have panic disorder. She was subsequently treated for panic disorder. Her symptoms did not improve; therefore, she came to see me for a second opinion. Upon asking, the patient reported that the episodes were always the same and that they lasted approximately seconds to minutes. Due to the stereotypicity of the event and a normal routine electroencephalography (EEG), we requested that she would undergo a 24-hour video-monitoring EEG. Stereotypicity can help the physician in the differential diagnosis of psychiatric disorder versus a seizure disorder. During 24-hour video-monitoring EEG, she experienced several of these events. Also, a computer tomography scan was performed, which showed a small meningioma in the orbital frontal region.
Cross-Cultural Studies and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Stein Dan J. , Rapoport Judith L.
Published: August 2016

Despite increased attention to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in recent years, relatively little work has focused on cross-cultural issues. This paper reports on current thinking in this area, and considers ways of advancing the field.

An important theoretical distinction in medical anthropology is that between “disease” and “illness.” This distinction was employed to help review past cross-cultural studies of OCD and to consider further questions for empirical research. Several studies indicate that the medical disease of OCD is found in a range of cultures, with no apparent need for modification of diagnostic criteria. However, there is almost no work on how OCD as an illness—its subjective perception and experience—varies across cultures. Given the possibility that such variations may influence course and outcome, it is important to attend to them in future work. Further research on OCD needs to address unanswered questions about the epidemiology of the disease and to focus on neglected questions about variations in the subjective illness experience. Cross-cultural variations in illness experience are likely to lead to differences in the path of presentation, and may even result in variations in course and outcome.
Current Issues in Behavior and Cognitive Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Neziroglu Fugen , Hoffman Jonathan , Yaryura-Tobias Jose A. , Veale David , Cottraux Jean
Published: August 2016

Exposure and response prevention (ERP), a form of behavior therapy, is widely recognized as the most effective psychological treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Cognitive therapy (meaning rational emotive behavior therapy [REBT], or the Salkovskis model for this article) has received increased attention as an effective method for OCD treatment. These methods have renewed hope for patients suffering with what had long been thought to be a treatment refractory condition. Yet many important issues require further discussion and investigation. At the Second International Conference on OCD, which was held in Guadeloupe, February 14–16, 1996, the following issues were highlighted:

1. Which psychotherapies are effective in the treatment of OCD?

2. What psychological strategies may be used to increase patient motivation during treatment?

3. Are relapse prevention strategies necessary after improvement?

4. How do economic factors affect the use of behavior therapy? How is OCD treatment uniform or varying from specialty providers to mental health generalists to primary care physicians? How do self-administered and therapist-administered ERP compare?

5. How does the efficacy of ERP or cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy (either alone or in combination) compare?

6. Is ERP effective for complex forms of OCD?

7. In OCD treatment, is medication compliance improved if ERP or cognitive therapy is also used, and vice versa? How does this affect relapse rates? In addition, can doses of medications be lowered with the addition of ERP or cognitive therapy?

8. What is known about the brain function and biological changes associated with ERP and cognitive therapy?
Electrophysiology in Neuropsychiatric Research: A Network Perspective
Authors: Winterer Georg , Herrmann Werner M. , Coppola Richard
Published: August 2016

A growing number of anatomic and physiologic studies have shown that parallel sensory and motor information processing occurs in multiple cortical areas. These findings challenge the traditional model of brain processing, which states that the brain is a collection of physically discrete processing modules that pass information to each other by neuronal impulses in a stepwise manner. New concepts based on neural network models suggest that the brain is a dynamically shifting collection of interpenetrating, distributed, and transient neural networks. Neither of these models is necessarily mutually exclusive, but each gives different perspectives on the brain that might be complementary. Each model has its own research methodology, with functional magnetic resonance imaging supporting notions of modular processing, and electrophysiology (eg, electroencephalography) emphasizing the network model. These two technologies might be combined fruitfully in the near future to provide us with a better understanding of the brain. However, this common enterprise can succeed only when the inherent limitations and advantages of both models and technologies are known. After a general introduction about electrophysiology as a research tool and its relation to the network model, several practical examples are given on the generation of pathophysiologic models and disease classification, intermediate phenotyping for genetic investigations, and pharmacodynamic modeling. Finally, proposals are made about how to integrate electrophysiology and neuroimaging methods.
Predictors of Therapeutic Response to Treatments for Depression: A Review of Electrophysiologic and Dichotic Listening Studies
Authors: Bruder Gerard E. , Tenke Craig E. , Stewart Jonathan W. , McGrath Patrick J. , Quitkin Frederic M.
Published: August 2016

There are few clinical or biologic predictors of response to treatments for depression. This article reviews growing evidence that electrophysiologic and neurocognitive measures of brain function may be of value as predictors of therapeutic response to antidepressants. Initial studies using dichotic listening, quantitative electroencephalography, or event-related brain potential measures have found differences between treatment responsive and nonresponsive subgroups of depressed patients. The neurophysiologic basis for these differences and the potential clinical utility of electrophysiologic and dichotic predictors of treatment out come remain to be determined in future studies.