bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Context Matters for Social‐Emotional Learning: Examining Variation in Program Impact by Dimensions of School Climate
Authors: McCormick Meghan P. , Cappella Elise , O’Connor Erin E. , McClowry Sandee G.
Published: June 2015

This paper examines whether three dimensions of school climate—leadership, accountability, and safety/respect—moderated the impacts of the INSIGHTS program on students’ social‐emotional, behavioral, and academic outcomes. Twenty‐two urban schools and N = 435 low‐income racial/ethnic minority students were enrolled in the study and received intervention services across the course of 2 years, in both kindergarten and first grade. Intervention effects on math and reading achievement were larger for students enrolled in schools with lower overall levels of leadership, accountability, and safety/respect at baseline. Program impacts on disruptive behaviors were greater in schools with lower levels of accountability at baseline; impacts on sustained attention were greater in schools with lower levels of safety/respect at baseline. Implications for Social‐Emotional Learning program implementation, replication, and scale‐up are discussed.
Education and Lifetime Earnings in the United States
Authors: Tamborini Christopher R. , Kim ChangHwan , Sakamoto Arthur
Published: June 2015

Differences in lifetime earnings by educational attainment have been of great research and policy interest. Although a large literature examines earnings differences by educational attainment, research on lifetime earnings—which refers to total accumulated earnings from entry into the labor market until retirement—remains limited because of the paucity of adequate data. Using data that match respondents in the Survey of Income and Program Participation to their longitudinal tax earnings as recorded by the Social Security Administration, we estimate the 50-year work career effects of education on lifetime earnings for men and women. By overcoming the purely synthetic cohort approach, our results provide a more realistic appraisal of actual patterns of lifetime earnings. Detailed estimates are provided for gross lifetime earnings by education; net lifetime earnings after controlling for covariates associated with the probability of obtaining a bachelor’s degree; and the net present 50-year lifetime value of education at age 20. In addition, we provide estimates that include individuals with zero earnings and disability. We also assess the adequacy of the purely synthetic cohort approach, which uses age differences in earnings observed in cross-sectional surveys to approximate lifetime earnings. Overall, our results confirm the persistent positive effects of higher education on earnings over different stages of the work career and over a lifetime, but also reveal notably smaller net effects on lifetime earnings compared with previously reported estimates. We discuss the implications of these and other findings.
Association of National Healthcare Safety Network–Defined Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections With Alternate Sources of Fever
Authors: Leekha Surbhi , Preas Michael Anne , Hebden Joan
Published: June 2015

Presented in part: 20th Annual Meeting of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America; Dallas, Texas; April 1–4, 2011.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;36(10):1236–1238
Perceptual regions in Poland: An investigation of Poznań
speech perceptions
Authors: Bounds Paulina
Published: June 2015

In this paper, ideas from perceptual dialectology, linguistics of speech, and
cognitive science are drawn upon to explain the perceptions of
others’ speech. The perceptual map task, based on
Preston’s “Draw-a-map methodology,” was
collected from 215 respondents in Poland and transformed into result maps. The
second step in the analysis of the perceptual maps was to collect all of the
labels that were assigned to the perceived speech varieties around the country.
Those two facets of the data show how the idea of connecting speech with a
specific locality can be observed quantitatively. The results propose an
explanation of the distribution of speech perceptions in Poland. The shape of
the perceptions is created through activating gestalt processes to arrive with
an observational artifact. Those are based mostly on the concept of geography
facilitated by shared cultural schemas. All of those steps lead to a creation of
multidimensional perceptual regions.
How Dominant Narratives Rise and Fall: Military Conflict, Politics, and the Cold War Consensus
Authors: Krebs Ronald R.
Published: June 2015

Contemporaries and historians often blame the errors and tragedies of US policy during the Cold War on a dominant narrative of national security: the “Cold War consensus.” Its usual periodization, according to which it came together in the late 1940s and persisted until the late 1960s when it unraveled amidst the trauma of the Vietnam War, fits well with a common theory of change in ideas and discourse. That theory expects stasis until a substantial unexpected failure (in this domain, military defeat) discredits dominant ideas and unsettles dominant coalitions. However, systematic data reveal the standard history of this important case to be wrong. Based on a large-scale content analysis of newspaper editorials on foreign affairs, this article shows that the Cold War narrative was narrower than conventional accounts suggest, that it did not coalesce until well into the 1950s, and that it began to erode even before the Vietnam War's Americanization in 1965. To make sense of this puzzle, I develop an alternative theory of the rise and fall of the narratives that underpin and structure debate over national security. Rooted in the dynamics of public narrative and the domestic politics of the battlefield, the theory argues that military failure impedes change in the narrative in whose terms government officials had legitimated the mission, whereas victory creates the opportunity for departures from the dominant narrative. Process-tracing reveals causal dynamics consistent with the theory: failure in the Korean War, which might have undermined Cold War globalism, instead facilitated the Cold War narrative's rise to dominance (or consensus); and the triumph of the Cuban Missile Crisis made possible that dominant narrative's breakdown before the upheaval of Vietnam. This hard and important case suggests the need to rethink the relationship between success, failure, and change in dominant narratives of national security—and perhaps in other policy domains as well.
Toward a Post-Appalachian Sense of Place
Authors: VERNON ZACKARY
Published: June 2015

This article utilizes recent developments in postsouthern theory to explore Appalachian literature and culture. Analyzing novels by Ron Rash, Terry Roberts, and Charles Frazier, I argue that Appalachian literature will likely follow a trajectory similar to the one identified by scholars in southern literature more broadly. Despite the seeming persistence of historicity among leading Appalachian writers, I anticipate that the homogenization of the region will increasingly lead writers either to commodify outdated notions of Appalachian exceptionalism or to rely upon an ironic, parodic relationship with past Appalachian literary narratives.
The D+R Balance application: a novel method of assessing postural sway
Authors: Yvon C , Najuko-Mafemera A , Kanegaonkar R
Published: June 2015

Background:

Postural sway can be assessed clinically using the Romberg test, or quantified using dynamic posturography. We assessed the potential use of a novel iPhone application as a method of quantifying sway.

Methods:

Fifty healthy volunteers performed the Romberg and tandem Romberg tests on a hard floor and on foam in soundproofed and normal clinic rooms. Postural sway was recorded using the D+R Balance application and data were compared using pairedt-tests.

Results:

Significantly more postural sway was noted in participants when standing with their eyes closed and feet in the ‘tandem’ positionvsfeet together; standing with their eyes closed on foamvson the floor; and standing with their eyes closed on foam with feet in the tandem positionvson the floor with feet together.

Conclusion:

This feasibility study suggests that the iPhone D+R Balance application deserves further investigation as a means of assessing postural sway and may provide an alternative to current dynamic posturography systems.
Staying well connected – Lithistid sponges on seamounts
Authors: Ekins Merrick , Erpenbeck Dirk , Wörheide Gert , Hooper John N. A.
Published: June 2015

Three species of lithistid sponges,Neoaulaxinia zingiberadix, Isabella mirabilisandNeoschrammeniella fulvodesmuswere collected from deep seamounts off New Caledonia to address questions about their population structure, gene flow and the relative contribution of sexual and asexual reproductive strategies to their populations. The sponges were tested by sequencing the ITS (internal transcribed spacer) and CO1 regions of their genomes. These rare and presumably ancient sponges have a distribution restricted to seamounts in the south-western Pacific. Deep seamounts represent geographically separated islands. Although the sponges could be expected to have sexual reproduction restricted to near neighbours due to low sexual dispersal opportunities via larvae, this study found surprisingly high levels of gene flow between the seamounts. Amongst the specimens ofN. zingiberadixtaken from two seamounts there was no population structure; CO1 resulted in identical genotypes. For the population structure withinN. fulvodesmus, as revealed by ITS, most of the variation was within each individual from the six seamounts on which it occurred and CO1 revealed no difference between individuals or seamounts. The third speciesI. mirabilisshowed four genotypes based on CO1, which were distributed across all the seamounts. Indirect measures of different species showed a range of reproductive strategies from asexual to sexual, but with much higher connection between seamounts than previously thought. Individual seamounts did not show a separate population structure as one might expect from ‘islands’. The conclusion must be that these sponges have mechanisms to attain greater dispersal than previously thought.
A new Nebalia species (Crustacea, Phyllocarida, Leptostraca) from the eastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Koçak Cengiz , Moreira Juan
Published: June 2015

Nebalia mediterranea sp. nov. (Crustacea, Leptostraca) is described from the Aegean coast of Turkey and Northern Cyprus. The new species is closely related to other sympatric species in the eastern Mediterranean, N. strausi and N. kocatasi, according to general body appearance. The new species differs, however, from other Nebalia species in having a rostrum about 2.5 times as long as wide, the antennular scale is clearly more than twice as long as wide, the fourth article of the antennule has only one short thick distal spine, the third article of the antenna has three similar spine-like setae on external lateral face, the first article of the second maxilla endopod is 1.2 times as long as the second article, the exopod of the second maxilla is longer than the first article of the endopod, pleonites 5–7 have distally rounded to slightly truncated denticles along posterior dorsal borders, the protopod of pleopod 4 has 4 serrations along posterior border, and the terminal seta of the uropods is about 1.8 the length of rami.
Maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy, placental expression of genes regulating glucocorticoid and serotonin function and infant regulatory behaviors
Authors: Räikkönen K. , Pesonen A.-K. , O'Reilly J. R. , Tuovinen S. , Lahti M. , Kajantie E. , Villa P. , Laivuori H. , Hämäläinen E. , Seckl J. R. , Reynolds R. M.
Published: June 2015

Background.

Glucocorticoids and serotonin may mediate the link between maternal environment, fetal brain development and ‘programming’ of offspring behaviors. The placenta regulates fetal exposure to maternal hormonal signals in animal studies, but few data address this in humans. We measured prospectively maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy and mRNAs encoding key gene products determining glucocorticoid and serotonin function in term human placenta and explored associations with infant regulatory behaviors.

Method.

Bi-weekly self-ratings of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale from 12th to 13th gestational week onwards and term placental mRNAs of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD2B11), type 1 (HSD1B11), glucocorticoid (NR3C1), mineralocorticoid receptors (NR3C2) and serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) were obtained from 54 healthy mothers aged 32.2 ± 5.3 years with singleton pregnancies and without pregnancy complications. Infant regulatory behaviors (crying, feeding, spitting, elimination, sleeping and predictability) were mother-rated at 15.6 ± 4.2 days.

Results.

Higher placental mRNA levels ofHSD2B11[0.41 standard deviation (s.d.) unit increase pers.d.unit increase; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.13–0.69,p= 0.005],HSD1B11(0.30, 0.03–0.57,p= 0.03),NR3C1(0.44, 0.19–0.68,p= 0.001) andSLC6A4(0.26, 0.00–0.53,p= 0.05) were associated with more regulatory behavioral challenges of the infant. Higher placentalNR3C1mRNA partly mediated the association between maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy and infant regulatory behaviors (p< 0.05).

Conclusions.

Higher placental expression of genes regulating feto-placental glucocorticoid and serotonin exposure is characteristic of infants with more regulatory behavioral challenges. Maternal depression acts, at least partly, via altering glucocorticoid action in the placenta to impact on offspring regulatory behaviors.
Prisons and Primary Schools: using CHAT to analyse the relationship between developing identity, developing musicianship and transformative processes
Authors: Henley Jennie
Published: June 2015

This paper draws on three different research projects to demonstrate the use of an expanded model of Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT), developed as part of a doctoral research study. The first project is an evaluation of the impacts of a Music Partnership Project within Primary and Secondary schools. The second project is an evaluation of the Good Vibrations Javanese Gamelan project in male and female prisons. The third project is an exploration of the learning processes within a Good Vibrations Javanese Gamelan Project in a young offenders' institution. CHAT provides a lens for analysing activity, placing the interactions between the individual, individual cognition and the socio-cultural environment at the heart of the analytical framework. Although a useful way of looking at activity in order to understand the individual and social processes occurring in a learning activity, criticisms of CHAT include the rigidity of the unit of analysis, its inability to view progression and transformation and the focus on one individual without taking into account the labour power that a group offers.
Navigation Performance of the Libration Point Satellite Navigation System for Future Mars Exploration
Authors: Zhang Lei , Xu Bo
Published: June 2015

Based on the candidate architectures of the libration point satellite navigation system, a Mars navigation performance analysis is conducted in this paper to further verify the feasibility of the Universe Lighthouse. Firstly, a high-fidelity Mars exploration mission is developed as the reference scenario. Then, with the use of a novel adaptive unscented Kalman filter, navigation performance of the candidate Earth-MoonL1,2,4,5four-satellite constellations is evaluated by Monte-Carlo simulations. The final results indicate that the libration point satellite navigation system is available for Mars navigation and the effects of different constellation configurations and measurement types are also compared and analysed.
The diagnosis and treatment ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection in Arctic regions with a high prevalence of infection: Expert Commentary
Authors: McMAHON B. J. , BRUCE M. G. , KOCH A. , GOODMAN K. J. , TSUKANOV V. , MULVAD G. , BORRESEN M. L. , SACCO F. , BARRETT D. , WESTBY S. , PARKINSON A. J.
Published: June 2015

Helicobacter pyloriinfection is a major cause of peptic ulcer and is also associated with chronic gastritis, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Guidelines have been developed in the United States and Europe (areas with low prevalence) for the diagnosis and management of this infection, including the recommendation to ‘test and treat’ those with dyspepsia. A group of international experts performed a targeted literature review and formulated an expert opinion for evidenced-based benefits and harms for screening and treatment ofH. pyloriin high-prevalence countries. They concluded that in Arctic countries whereH. pyloriprevalence exceeds 60%, treatment of persons withH. pyloriinfection should be limited only to instances where there is strong evidence of direct benefit in reduction of morbidity and mortality, associated peptic ulcer disease and MALT lymphoma and that the test-and-treat strategy may not be beneficial for those with dyspepsia.
Time valuation of historical outbreak attribution data
Authors: EBEL E. D. , WILLIAMS M. S. , GOLDEN N. J. , SCHLOSSER W. D. , TRAVIS C.
Published: June 2015

Human illness attribution is recognized as an important metric for prioritizing and informing food-safety decisions and for monitoring progress towards long-term food-safety goals. Inferences regarding the proportion of illnesses attributed to a specific commodity class are often based on analyses of datasets describing the number of outbreaks in a given year or combination of years. In many countries, the total number of pathogen-related outbreaks reported nationwide for an implicated food source is often fewer than 50 instances in a given year and the number of years for which data are available can be fewer than 10. Therefore, a high degree of uncertainty is associated with the estimated fraction of pathogen-related outbreaks attributed to a general food commodity. Although it is possible to make inferences using only data from the most recent year, this type of estimation strategy ignores the data collected in previous years. Thus, a strong argument exists for an estimator that could ‘borrow strength’ from data collected in the previous years by combining the current data with the data from previous years. While many estimators exist for combining multiple years of data, most either require more data than is currently available or lack an objective and biologically plausible theoretical basis. This study introduces an estimation strategy that progressively reduces the influence of data collected in past years in accordance with the degree of departure from a Poisson process. The methodology is applied to the estimation of the attribution fraction forSalmonellaandEscherichia coliO157:H7 for common food commodities and the estimates are compared against two alternative estimators.
Healthcare utilization and lost productivity due to infectious gastroenteritis, results from a national cross-sectional survey Australia 2008–2009
Authors: CHEN Y. , FORD L. , HALL G. , DOBBINS T. , KIRK M.
Published: June 2015

The aim of this study was to estimate the healthcare usage and loss of productivity due to gastroenteritis in Australia using the National Gastroenteritis Survey II. In 2008–2009, 7578 participants across Australia were surveyed about infectious gastroenteritis by telephone interview. A gastroenteritis case was defined as a person experiencing ⩾3 loose stools and/or ⩾2 vomits in a 24-h period, excluding cases with a non-infectious cause for their symptoms, such as pregnancy or consumption of alcohol. Lost productivity was considered any lost time from full- or part-time paid work due to having gastroenteritis or caring for someone with the illness. Interference with other daily activities was also examined along with predictors of healthcare-seeking practices using multivariable regression. Results were weighted to obtain nationally representative estimates using Stata v. 13·1. Of the 341 cases, 52 visited a doctor due to gastroenteritis, 126 reported taking at least one medication for their symptoms and 79 cases reported missing ⩾1 days’ paid work due to gastroenteritis. Gastroenteritis results in a total of 13·1 million (95% confidence interval 6·7–19·5) days of missed paid work each year in Australia. The indirect costs of gastroenteritis are significant, particularly from lost productivity.
Attitudes towards online feedback on writing: Why students mistrust the learning potential of models
Authors: Strobl Carola
Published: June 2015

This exploratory study sheds new light on students’ perceptions of online feedback types for a complex writing task, summary writing from spoken input in a foreign language (L2), and investigates how these correlate with their actual learning to write. Students tend to favour clear-cut, instructivist rather than constructivist feedback, and guided self-evaluation through model solutions in online learning environments. However, the former type is too limited to tackle all dimensions of advanced writing. Constructivist feedback, in the form of guided modelling, allows addressing the higher-order concerns involved in summary writing. In addition, it is widely acknowledged that activating the zone of proximal development (ZPD) through cognitive involvement is beneficial to learning. To investigate students’ learning from both types of feedback, a one-group pre-post-test intervention study was set up. Students attending a course on summary writing in L2 within a bachelor programme in Applied Languages (n=38) followed an individual online learning module containing both instructivist fill-the-gap exercises and model solutions with constructivist guiding questions for self-assessment. The students’ actual learning gain was measured through pre- and post-tests, and compared with their perceived learning gain, as expressed in self-evaluation. The comparison reveals a dichotomy between the students’ observed learning curve and an underestimation of their own progress. This dichotomy was found to originate in a mismatch between their expectations towards the online learning module and the characteristics of the constructivist feedback conveyed. This mismatch can be attributed to three key factors: (1) evaluation, (2) linguistic focus, and (3) learner motivation.
A unique foetal case of left ventricular non-compaction associated with arrhythmia, structural cardiac anomalies, and agenesis of the ductus venosus
Authors: Thakur Varsha , Jaeggi Edgar T. , Nield Lynne E.
Published: June 2015

A 21-week gestational age foetus was diagnosed with left ventricular non-compaction, Ebstein’s anomaly, sinus bradycardia, first-degree heart block, and agenesis of the ductus venosus. The prognosis was guarded given the constellation of findings, and the foetus was monitored closely. Despite a potentially poor outcome, the foetus survived. Prognosis in foetally diagnosed left ventricular non-compaction is usually poor; however, rarely, foetuses can survive postnatally.
Overlapping neurobehavioral circuits in ADHD, obesity, and binge eating: evidence from neuroimaging research
Authors: Seymour Karen E. , Reinblatt Shauna P. , Benson Leora , Carnell Susan
Published: June 2015

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conditions involving excessive eating (eg, obesity, binge/loss of control eating) are increasingly prevalent within pediatric populations, and correlational and some longitudinal studies have suggested inter-relationships between these disorders. In addition, a number of common neural correlates are emerging across conditions, eg, functional abnormalities within circuits subserving reward processing and executive functioning. To explore this potential cross-condition overlap in neurobehavioral underpinnings, we selectively review relevant functional neuroimaging literature, specifically focusing on studies probing (i) reward processing, (ii) response inhibition, and (iii) emotional processing and regulation, and we outline 3 specific shared neurobehavioral circuits. Based on our review, we also identify gaps within the literature that would benefit from further research.
Food insecurity and intimate partner violence against women: results from the California Women’s Health Survey
Authors: Ricks Joni L , Cochran Susan D , Arah Onyebuchi A , Williams John K , Seeman Teresa E
Published: June 2015

Objective

To investigate the association between food insecurity and intimate partner violence in a population-based sample of heterosexual women.

Design

Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between three levels of food insecurity and intimate partner violence.

Setting

Data from 6 years of the California Women’s Health Survey.

Subjects

Randomly selected women (n16 562) aged 18 years and older from the State of California, USA.

Results

We found: (i) that African-American women had a higher prevalence of food insecurity and were more likely to report severe intimate partner violence; (ii) a strong positive association between food insecurity and intimate partner violence; (iii) evidence of effect modification of the association between food insecurity and intimate partner violence by marital status; and (iv) higher odds of intimate partner violence among those reporting more severe food insecurity.

Conclusions

Food insecurity is an important risk indicator for intimate partner violence among women. Understanding the factors that put women, especially minority women, at greatest risk facilitates intervention development.
Understanding perennial wheat adoption as a transformative technology: evidence from the literature and farmers
Authors: Adebiyi Jelili , Schmitt Olabisi Laura , Snapp Sieglinde
Published: June 2015

Perennial grain crops are an example of a ‘transformative technology,’ in which the functionality and science of the technology differ in a fundamental manner from conventional grain crops. A review of the literature indicates that the motivation for farmer adoption of transformative technologies is complex and poorly understood. At the same time, many studies have found concern and awareness about environmental issues to be significantly and positively correlated with the adoption of no-till agriculture, organic farming and agroforestry. Building on these insights, we conducted an ex ante study of perennial wheat adoption among 11 farmers from Michigan and Ohio. Perennial wheat is not yet commercially available, so a semi-structured interview format was chosen to allow for in-depth discussions of the crop's potential characteristics and uses. Consistent with the literature on transformative technology adoption, farmers who approached us to learn more about perennial grains described soil and environmental quality as their primary motivations for doing so. Farmers suggested a total of ten different uses for perennial wheat, only one of which was mentioned specifically by interviewers. This diversity of proposed uses implied a wide range of criteria for adoption. A striking result was that the ability of perennial wheat to compete with annual wheat on the basis of yield, a focus of researchers, was brought up by only one of the interviewees, as many farmers proposed perennial wheat as a means of solving a problem for which no other crop provided an adequate solution, often by planting perennial wheat on an under-used or marginal area of the farm. This is suggestive that interacting with farmers could alter priorities in perennial grain improvement, as has occurred in other radically transformative agriculture technologies.
Influence of organic manures on carrot (Daucus carota L.) crops grown in a long-term field experiment in Sweden
Authors: Kjellenberg Lars , Johansson Eva , Gustavsson Karl-Erik , Granstedt Artur , Olsson Marie E.
Published: June 2015

This study evaluated the effects of organic agriculture manuring systems on carrot (Daucus carota) root morphology and sugar and polyacetylene content. Carrots were harvested three times per season 2006–2007 in a long-term field experiment at Skilleby research farm, Sweden. The effects of pelleted chicken manure, fresh farmyard manure and composted farmyard manure (COM) were compared against control plots left unmanured since the field experiment started in 1991. The carrots were analyzed for root size, root shape, amount of soluble sugars and amount of falcarinol-type polyacetylenes. Differences between manuring systems were found to be smaller than the variation between harvest years and harvest occasions, probably due to the grass-clover ley included in the crop rotation system. On an average for the six harvests, manuring with COM increased root length by 6% compared with fertilizing with pelleted chicken manure. Carrots fertilized with pelleted chicken manure also had 6–7% lower total soluble sugar content than carrots manured with 50 t ha−1 of composted or fresh manure. The falcarinol to total falcarinol-type polyacetylenes ratio was 15.4% in carrots manured with 50 t ha−1 of composted or fresh manure and 14.7% in carrots fertilized with pelleted chicken manure. Seasonal fluctuations in falcarinol-type polyacetylenes were more pronounced in carrots manured with fresh or composted manure than in carrots fertilized with pelleted chicken manure. The results suggest that manuring organic carrots with compost may be the most beneficial strategy, at least in systems where fertilizer is applied only once per crop rotation, whether directly to the carrot crop or in the preceding crop.
Organic grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) seeds as a protein source for weaned piglets: Effects of seed treatment and different inclusion rates on animal performance
Authors: Baldinger L. , Hagmüller W. , Minihuber U. , Schipflinger M. , Zollitsch W.
Published: June 2015

Organically produced pork occupies only a small niche in the European meat market, with one of the main reasons being the shortage of locally produced high-quality protein sources. In an effort to promote currently under-utilized protein sources, two feeding trials were conducted with grass pea seeds as feed for weaned piglets. The grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is a hardy grain legume that produces protein-rich seeds, but, as other grain legumes, it contains several anti-nutritive compounds. Apart from trypsin inhibitors and tannins, it also contains the neurotoxin β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (ODAP) which may cause nerve damage in farm animals as well as humans. The content of both trypsin inhibitors and ODAP can be greatly reduced by hydrothermal treatment; therefore both raw and hydrothermally treated grass pea seeds were used in the two feeding trials. Diets were fed to 152 and 144 piglets [crosses of (Pietrain × Duroc) × (Landrace × Large White)] respectively, during their rearing phase directly after weaning. In experiment 1, a control diet was compared with two diets containing 10 and 20% raw grass pea seeds, plus one diet with 20% treated grass pea seeds, respectively (as fed basis). In experiment 2, a control diet was compared with one diet containing 20% raw grass pea seeds and two diets containing 20 and 30% treated grass pea seeds, respectively (as fed basis). Grass pea seeds contained 265 and 271 g kg−1 crude protein (as fed basis) in the first and second experiment, respectively, and had an amino acid profile similar to peas (Pisum sativum), including relatively low contents of methionine and cysteine. Hydrothermally treated grass pea seeds were found to be a valuable protein source that was well accepted by piglets. At an inclusion rate of 20–30% in diets, feed intake and daily weight gain of piglets was very similar to that of the control treatment. However, including 20% raw grass pea seeds had a significant negative effect on feed intake in experiment 1 and on daily weight gain in experiment 2. Therefore, hydrothermal treatment of grass pea seeds is recommended prior to feeding to piglets.
Institutional complementarities in the dynamic comparative analysis of capitalism
Authors: AMABLE BRUNO
Published: June 2015

The concept of institutional complementarity plays an important role in the comparative analysis of capitalism. It has often been criticised for being too static and too functionalist, unable to explain change because it would propose a view of institutional forms fitting perfectly with one another. After having presented the concept and its interest for comparative capitalism, this article argues in favour of its usefulness to explain institutional change. However, in order to be integrated fruitfully into a theory of institutional change, it is necessary to have a political economy definition of complementarity, which should not take institutions as some sort of inputs in a production function, but as socio-political compromises established in historically-specific conditions.
Quantum coherence and correlations in quantum system
Authors: Xi Zhengjun , Li Yongming , Fan Heng
Published: June 2015

Criteria of measure quantifying quantum coherence, a unique property of quantum system, are proposed recently. In this paper, we first give an uncertainty-like expression relating the coherence and the entropy of quantum system. This finding allows us to discuss the relations between the entanglement and the coherence. Further, we discuss in detail the relations among the coherence, the discord and the deficit in the bipartite quantum system. We show that, the one-way quantum deficit is equal to the sum between quantum discord and the relative entropy of coherence of measured subsystem.
Dietary calcium and zinc deficiency risks are decreasing but remain prevalent
Authors: Kumssa Diriba B. , Joy Edward J. M. , Ander E. Louise , Watts Michael J. , Young Scott D. , Walker Sue , Broadley Martin R.
Published: June 2015

Globally, more than 800 million people are undernourished while >2 billion people have one or more chronic micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs). More than 6% of global mortality and morbidity burdens are associated with undernourishment and MNDs. Here we show that, in 2011, 3.5 and 1.1 billion people were at risk of calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) deficiency respectively due to inadequate dietary supply. The global mean dietary supply of Ca and Zn in 2011 was 684 ± 211 and 16 ± 3 mgcapita−1d−1(±SD) respectively. Between 1992 and 2011, global risk of deficiency of Ca and Zn decreased from 76 to 51% and 22 to 16%, respectively. Approximately 90% of those at risk of Ca and Zn deficiency in 2011 were in Africa and Asia. To our knowledge, these are the first global estimates of dietary Ca deficiency risks based on food supply. We conclude that continuing to reduce Ca and Zn deficiency risks through dietary diversification and food and agricultural interventions including fortification, crop breeding and use of micronutrient fertilisers will remain a significant challenge.
Monitoring response to therapy in melanoma by quantifying circulating tumour DNA with droplet digital PCR for BRAF and NRAS mutations
Authors: Chang-Hao Tsao Simon , Weiss Jonathan , Hudson Christopher , Christophi Christopher , Cebon Jonathan , Behren Andreas , Dobrovic Alexander
Published: June 2015

We assessed the utility of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to evaluate the potential of using circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) as a post therapy monitoring tool in melanoma by comparing it to serum LDH levels and RECIST scores. ddPCR was shown to be reliable in distinguishing mutant from wild type alleles with no false positives. Subsequently, we quantified ctDNA (V600EBRAF,V600KBRAF or Q61HNRAS) in 6 stage IV melanoma patients across several time points during their treatment course. All tested patients had detectable ctDNA, which exhibited dynamic changes corresponding to the changes in their disease status. The ctDNA levels fell upon treatment response and rose with detectable disease progression. In our group of patients, ctDNA was more consistent and informative than LDH as a blood-based biomarker. In addition, BRAF mutant ctDNA as detected by ddPCR could be used diagnostically where the tumour block was unavailable. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the applicability of using ddPCR to detect and quantify ctDNA in the plasma of melanoma patients.
Buckling-induced retraction of spherical shells: A study on the shape of aperture
Authors: Lin Sen , Xie Yi Min , Li Qing , Huang Xiaodong , Zhou Shiwei
Published: June 2015

Buckling of soft matter is ubiquitous in nature and has attracted increasing interest recently. This paper studies the retractile behaviors of a spherical shell perforated by sophisticated apertures, attributed to the buckling-induced large deformation. The buckling patterns observed in experiments were reproduced in computational modeling by imposing velocity-controlled loads and eigenmode-affine geometric imperfection. It was found that the buckling behaviors were topologically sensitive with respect to the shape of dimple (aperture). The shell with rounded-square apertures had the maximal volume retraction ratio as well as the lowest energy consumption. An effective experimental procedure was established and the simulation results were validated in this study.
Dual Control of Giant Field-like Spin Torque in Spin Filter Tunnel Junctions
Authors: Tang Y. -H. , Chu F. -C. , Kioussis Nicholas
Published: June 2015

We predict a giant field-like spin torque, "Equation missing", in spin-filter (SF) barrier tunnel junctions in sharp contrast to existing junctions based on nonmagnetic passive barriers. We demonstrate that "Equation missing" has linear bias behavior, is independent of the SF thickness and has odd parity with respect to the SF’s exchange splitting. Thus, it can be selectively controlled via external bias or external magnetic field which gives rise to sign reversal of "Equation missing" via magnetic field switching. The underlying mechanism is the interlayer exchange coupling between the noncollinear magnetizations of the SF and free ferromagnetic electrode via the nonmagnetic insulating (I) spacer giving rise to giant spin-dependent reflection at the SF/I interface. These findings suggest that the proposed field-like-spin-torque MRAM may provide promising dual functionalities for both ‘reading’ and ‘writing’ processes which require lower critical current densities and faster writing and reading speeds.
ERβ localization influenced outcomes of EGFR-TKI treatment in NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations
Authors: Wang Zhijie , Li Zhenxiang , Ding Xiaosheng , Shen Zhirong , Liu Zhentao , An Tongtong , Duan Jianchun , Zhong Jia , Wu Meina , Zhao Jun , Zhuo Minglei , Wang Yuyan , Wang Shuhang , Sun Yu , Bai Hua , Wang Jie
Published: June 2015

Effects of estrogen receptorβ (ERβ) localization on epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are unknown. First, we analyzed the relationship between ERβ localization determined by immunohistochemistry and EGFR-TKI outcomes in 184 patients with advanced NSCLC and found that ERβ expression localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus. The frequency of cytoplasmic ERβ (c-ERβ) and nuclear ERβ (n-ERβ) co-expression was 12% (22/184). C-ERβ and n-ERβ co-expression was correlated with poor median progression-free survival compared to patients without co-expression. In subsequent in vitro experiments, PC9 cells transfected with ERβ isoform1 (ERβ1, strong expression of both c-ERβ and n-ERβ) were more resistant to gefitinib than PC9 cells transfected with ERβ isoform2 or 5 (ERβ2 or ERβ5, strong expression of ERβ in cytoplasm but not nucleus). Resistance was identified due to interactions between ERβ1 and other isoforms and mediated by activation of non-genomic pathways. Moreover, gefitinib resistance was reversed by a combination treatment with gefitinib and fulvestrant, both in cell lines and in one NSCLC patient. These results suggested that c-ERβ and n-ERβ co-expression was a potential molecular indicator of EGFR-TKI resistance, which might be overcome by combining EGFR-TKI and ER antagonist.
Open and Lys–His Hexacoordinated Closed Structures of a Globin with Swapped Proximal and Distal Sites
Authors: Teh Aik-Hong , Saito Jennifer A. , Najimudin Nazalan , Alam Maqsudul
Published: June 2015

Globins are haem-binding proteins with a conserved fold made up of α-helices and can possess diverse properties. A putative globin-coupled sensor from Methylacidiphilum infernorum, HGbRL, contains an N-terminal globin domain whose open and closed structures reveal an untypical dimeric architecture. Helices E and F fuse into an elongated helix, resulting in a novel site-swapped globin fold made up of helices A–E, hence the distal site, from one subunit and helices F–H, the proximal site, from another. The open structure possesses a large cavity binding an imidazole molecule, while the closed structure forms a unique Lys–His hexacoordinated species, with the first turn of helix E unravelling to allow Lys52(E10) to bind to the haem. Ligand binding induces reorganization of loop CE, which is stabilized in the closed form and helix E, triggering a large conformational movement in the open form. These provide a mechanical insight into how a signal may be relayed between the globin domain and the C-terminal domain of HGbRL, a Roadblock/LC7 domain. Comparison with HGbI, a closely related globin, further underlines the high degree of structural versatility that the globin fold is capable of, enabling it to perform a diversity of functions.
Integrin-linked Kinase is Essential for Environmental Enrichment Enhanced Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Memory
Authors: Xu Xu-Feng , Li Ting , Wang Dong-Dong , Chen Bing , Wang Yue , Chen Zhe-Yu
Published: June 2015

Environment enrichment (EE) has a variety of effects on brain structure and function. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is essential for EE-induced hippocampal neurogenesis and memory enhancement. However, the intracellular pathway downstream of BDNF to modulate EE effects is poorly understood. Here we show that integrin-linked kinase (ILK) levels are elevated upon EE stimuli in a BDNF-dependent manner. Using ILK-shRNA (siILK) lentivirus, we demonstrate that knockdown of ILK impairs EE-promoted hippocampal neurogenesis and memory by increasing glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) activity. Finally, overexpressing ILK in the hippocampus could rescue the neurogenesis and memory deficits in BDNF+/− mice. These results indicate that ILK is indispensable for BDNF-mediated hippocampal neurogenesis and memory enhancement upon EE stimuli via regulating GSK3β activity. This is a new insight of the precise mechanism in EE-enhanced memory processes and ILK is a potentially important therapeutic target that merits further study.
Bloodstain Pattern Analysis: implementation of a fluid dynamic model for position determination of victims
Authors: Laan Nick , de Bruin Karla G. , Slenter Denise , Wilhelm Julie , Jermy Mark , Bonn Daniel
Published: June 2015

Bloodstain Pattern Analysis is a forensic discipline in which, among others, the position of victims can be determined at crime scenes on which blood has been shed. To determine where the blood source was investigators use a straight-line approximation for the trajectory, ignoring effects of gravity and drag and thus overestimating the height of the source. We determined how accurately the location of the origin can be estimated when including gravity and drag into the trajectory reconstruction. We created eight bloodstain patterns at one meter distance from the wall. The origin’s location was determined for each pattern with: the straight-line approximation, our method including gravity and our method including both gravity and drag. The latter two methods require the volume and impact velocity of each bloodstain, which we are able to determine with a 3D scanner and advanced fluid dynamics, respectively. We conclude that by including gravity and drag in the trajectory calculation, the origin’s location can be determined roughly four times more accurately than with the straight-line approximation. Our study enables investigators to determine if the victim was sitting or standing, or it might be possible to connect wounds on the body to specific patterns, which is important for crime scene reconstruction.
A unique in vivo approach for investigating antimicrobial materials utilizing fistulated animals
Authors: Berean Kyle J. , Adetutu Eric M. , Zhen Ou Jian , Nour Majid , Nguyen Emily P. , Paull David , Mcleod Jess , Ramanathan Rajesh , Bansal Vipul , Latham Kay , Bishop-Hurley Greg J. , McSweeney Chris , Ball Andrew S. , Kalantar-zadeh Kourosh
Published: June 2015

Unique in vivo tests were conducted through the use of a fistulated ruminant, providing an ideal environment with a diverse and vibrant microbial community. Utilizing such a procedure can be especially invaluable for investigating the performance of antimicrobial materials related to human and animal related infections. In this pilot study, it is shown that the rumen of a fistulated animal provides an excellent live laboratory for assessing the properties of antimicrobial materials. We investigate microbial colonization onto model nanocomposites based on silver (Ag) nanoparticles at different concentrations into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). With implantable devices posing a major risk for hospital-acquired infections, the present study provides a viable solution to understand microbial colonization with the potential to reduce the incidence of infection through the introduction of Ag nanoparticles at the optimum concentrations. In vitro measurements were also conducted to show the validity of the approach. An optimal loading of 0.25 wt% Ag is found to show the greatest antimicrobial activity and observed through the in vivo tests to reduce the microbial diversity colonizing the surface.
Optical regulation of cell chain
Authors: Liu Xiaoshuai , Huang Jianbin , Zhang Yao , Li Baojun
Published: June 2015

Formation of cell chains is a straightforward and efficient method to study the cell interaction. By regulating the contact sequence and interaction distance, the influence of different extracellular cues on the cell interaction can be investigated. However, it faces great challenges in stable retaining and precise regulation of cell chain, especially in cell culture with relatively low cell concentration. Here we demonstrated an optical method to realize the precise regulation of cell chain, including removing or adding a single cell, adjusting interaction distance and changing cell contact sequence. After injecting a 980-nm wavelength laser beam into a tapered optical fiber probe (FP), a cell chain of Escherichia colis (E. colis) is formed under the optical gradient force. By manipulating another FP close to the cell chain, a targeted E. coli cell can be trapped by the FP and removed from the chain. Further, the targeted cell can be added back to the chain at different positions to change the cell contact sequence. The experiments were interpreted by numerical simulations and the impact of cell sizes and shapes on this method was analyzed.
Nonlinear concentration gradients regulated by the width of channels for observation of half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of transporter proteins
Authors: Abe Yuta , Kamiya Koki , Osaki Toshihisa , Sasaki Hirotaka , Kawano Ryuji , Miki Norihisa , Takeuchi Shoji
Published: June 2015

We determine a probable IC50 value of ABC transporter proteins by using a width-modulated nonlinear concentration gradient generator.
Dispersive and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods in food analysis
Authors: Boyaci Ismail Hakki , Temiz Havva Tümay , Geniş Hüseyin Efe , Acar Soykut Esra , Yazgan Nazife Nur , Güven Burcu , Uysal Reyhan Selin , Bozkurt Akif Göktuğ , İlaslan Kerem , Torun Ozlem , Dudak Şeker Fahriye Ceyda
Published: June 2015

Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique for molecular analysis of food samples.
Magnetic solid phase extraction coupled with desorption corona beam ionization-mass spectrometry for rapid analysis of antidepressants in human body fluids
Authors: Chen Di , Zheng Hao-Bo , Huang Yun-Qing , Hu Yu-Ning , Yu Qiong-Wei , Yuan Bi-Feng , Feng Yu-Qi
Published: June 2015

A rapid analysis method by coupling magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) with desorption corona beam ionization (DCBI) is presented.