bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND LABOR
Authors: Fornasier Mateus de Oliveira
Published: February 2022

This article studies the impacts that the new economy, resulting from automation, represents for Law. Its hypothesis is that a new social security, based on universal basic income, funded by taxing the use of automation tools, should replace systems based mainly on the employment relationship; and principles related to transparency, explicability and non-discrimination should create obligations for developers and users of AI-powered worker selection tools. Methodology: hypothetical-deductive procedure method, with a transdisciplinary and qualitative approach, and bibliographic review research technique. Results: i) Labor regulation must be planned beyond substitution, focusing on a new economy, in which formal jobs, inserted in a paradigm of social and economic protection, are eroding, and the great challenge will be to protect decent work standards concurrently with the enlargement of dignity for non employed workers; ii) A universal basic income funded by taxes on automation would be interesting, but problematic from the point of view of solidarity in its costing, since the stress of national economies can cause fear on governments. And globally, such taxation, if adopted differently, can cause great tax competition between countries; iii) Transparency obligations are necessary to mitigate bias in hiring tools, but not self-sufficient, because the bias is complex, mainly due to the multiplicity of discriminatory factors and to the opacity of the logic in machine learning.
DIREITO À MIGRAÇÃO E A FUNÇÃO COLONIAL MODERNA DO CONTROLE DE FRONTEIRAS
Authors: Ferrazzo Débora , Wolkmer Maria de Fatima S. , Fiamoncini Daniel Raizer
Published: February 2022

Um dos campos mais sensíveis à globalização é o das fronteiras entre os Estados-nação, cada vez mais acessíveis às migrações, mas também cada vez mais controversos em função do controle de entrada e saída. Os conceitos migração e soberania frequentemente são contrapostos, comportando diversas perspectivas, entretanto há uma constante subjacente em tais debates: a função colonial cumprida pelas fronteiras internacionais e pelo controle de migrações, reforçada pela produção teórica que difunde de maneiras mais ou menos sutis os paradigmas eurocêntricos. Tal percepção enseja a necessidade de buscar aportes descoloniais para aprofundar a compreensão do aparente paradoxo entre migração e soberania. Para tanto, propõe-se adoção de método dedutivo de abordagem, buscando um diálogo interdisciplinar entre teorias descoloniais e contribuições teóricas sobre o tema das migrações. Dessa forma, pretende-se demonstrar alguns limites coloniais e quiçá, possíveis contribuições para repensar a relação entre migração, fronteiras internacionais e soberania.
A ALTERIDADE COMO MEIO PARA AFASTAR O CINISMO DA TOTALIDADE
Authors: Azevêdo Maria Carolina Braz da Silva , Costa Paulo Sérgio Weyl Albuquerque
Published: February 2022

Observando o histórico de dominação exercido pelas sociedades hegemônicas sobre as subjetividades latino-americanas, desde o período do colonialismo até as diversas formas de colonialidade, realizamos um estudo sobre as justificativas que fundamentaram essas opressões, violações de direitos e a exclusão destas subjetividades, apontando quais argumentos legitimam a sua prática. A seguir, verificamos como se deu a formação das sociedades cínicas, as suas características e implicações, principalmente no que tange à criação dos direitos humanos e sua pretensão de universalização, a qual na prática não alcança os excluídos em sua distinção. Por fim, propusemos a hipótese da disseminação de um pensamento fundado na alteridade (desenvolvido a partir do método analético proposto por Enrique Dussel) como forma de superação do cinismo para viabilizar o reconhecimento dos excluídos como sujeitos de direitos e permitir a sua participação social em igualdade material com os indivíduos pertencentes à Totalidade, por meio do desenvolvimento de uma democracia baseada no pluralismo comunitário-participativo acompanhada pela ruptura da racionalidade e das instituições que ensejam as opressões.
Sozialraumagenturen in der Langzeitpflege
Authors: Heerdt Christian
Published: February 2022

Social space-oriented long-term care has long been called for, but has often failed to be implemented effectively. At the same time, the fragmented German long-term care system is under pressure to reform itself. This book presents agency models of social capital genesis and social space development as an infrastructural approach to the reform of long-term care. Based on a social space-oriented view of social policy, the book presents the conceptual foundations of social capital and network development as well as the welfare-mix idea in the context of caring communities. Using the example of the KDA project ‘Promotion of Civic Engagement through Care Support Points’, the author reflects on the agency model and then places his results in the current discourse on reform.
8787Sr/86Sr ISOTOPE RATIOS IN THE RIVER WATERS OF THE SOUTHERN URALS
Authors: Kiseleva D. V. , Shagalov E. S. , Okuneva T. G. , Soloshenko N. G. , Ryanskaya А. D. , Pankrushina E. A. , Karpova S. V. , Urazov K. K. , Sidoruk A. R.
Published: February 2022

87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratios are widely used to identify strontium sources and study strontium behaviour in(bio)geochemical cycles. 87Sr/86Sr in surface waters can reflect the average composition of bioavailable (i.e. available forfurther absorption by plants and animals) strontium in the catchment specific area. Based on those 87Sr/86Sr ratios, theregional maps of the bioavailable strontium distribution (strontium isoscapes) can be compiled. A complex block structurecharacterizes the Ural mountain system. Individual parts (blocks) are composed of rocks of various ages, genesis andgeochemical characteristics, which can radically change at a distance of several tens of kilometres. Such variability wouldbe reflected in strontium isotopic ratios, thus making it possible to determine the local isotopic signatures of bioavailablestrontium.

This work aimed to study 87Sr/86Sr in the water in the rivers of the Southern Urals. We determined the contents andisotopic ratios of strontium in river water samples collected from the territories of the Orenburg and Chelyabinsk regionsand the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2019–2020.

For the first time in the surface water of the rivers in the Southern Urals (Ural, Belaya, Tobol, Karagaily-Ayat, Sim, andothers), the 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratios have been determined, and their variations have been analyzed. 87Sr/86Sr values varyin the range 0.70666–0.71063 (average 0.70908) for the rivers of the Urals basin, 0.70749–0.71058 (average 0.70924)for the Kama-Volga basin, 0.70946–0.71176 (average 0.71071) for the Tobol basin. Such features of the strontium isotopiccomposition may be due to the influence of underlying rocks of the catchment area drained by river water. The dataobtained can be used to identify the sources of strontium input into the water system during hydrological and environmentalstudies; to confirm the authenticity of food products of plant and animal origin; to carry out comparisons in thestudies of the migration of ancient people and animals, as well as to determine the raw material areas for the productionof vegetable and woollen textiles and wooden products in antiquity.
AMBIENT SEISMIC NOISE VARIATIONS BEFORE EARTHQUAKES IN THE BAIKAL RIFT SYSTEM
Authors: Korol S. A. , Sankov A. V. , Dobrynina A. A. , Sankov V. A.
Published: February 2022

This paper proposes a method to observe the pre-earthquake features based on the variations in ambient noises using local moderate and strong seismic events as an example. Eight earthquakes in the Baikal rift system with energy classes K=10.1–15.9 were associated to a significant decrease in the level of ambient noises at epicentral distances from 3 to 81 km a few hours before the shock. The observed decrease in the ambient noise level can be classified as a short-term precursor of the medium consolidation 4–5 hours before the earthquake.
Ecological and biological features of Triglochin maritima L. in the biotopes of the littoral zone with different degree of flooding on the coast of the White Sea
Authors: Sonina Anzhella V. , Terebova Elena N. , Dyachkova Tamara Yu. , Morozova Kira V. , Elkina Nadezhda A.
Published: February 2022

The study of Triglochin maritima L. was carried out on the Pomor (western) coast of the White Sea, in the Republic of Karelia (64°22'81"N, 35°93'14"E). Morphological analysis of aboveground and underground parts of the clones was performed on virginal plants. Anatomical analysis of leaf sheaths of the current year shoots, rhizomes and adventitious roots was carried out. The viability of pollen was assessed by determining the relative share of normally developed and malformed pollen grains. The content of heavy metals was determined in the soil, sea water and plant samples. The study was carried out on a model transect in the littoral zone on three test plots representing the lower littoral; the middle and the upper littoral zones. Adaptation to wave and storm impact was manifested in a well-developed system of underground organs. In the lower littoral, underground part surpasses the aboveground vegetative organs in terms of the mass and the formation of mechanical tissues. This allows the plants to anchor stronger in the substrate. Pollen analysis confirmed the adaptability of T. maritima plants to the conditions of the lower littoral by a high percentage of normal and, consequently, fertile pollen, which ensures sexual reproduction of the species. T. maritima can be considered as a Fe hyperaccumulator as the plant accumulates very high levels of Fe (22–34 g kg-1), especially in the lower and middle littoral zones, both in underground and aboveground organs. The ability of T. maritima plants to actively deposit metals was revealed on the basis of the coefficient of biological absorption of metals and makes it possible to suggest potential possibility of using the species in phytoremediation technologies on coastal territories.
Lichens of the Innvika Bay, Prins Oscars Land (Nordaustlandet, Svalbard)
Authors: Konoreva Liudmila , Chesnokov Sergey
Published: February 2022

The paper presents a list of lichens for the Innvika Bay, which includes 157 lichenized and 2 lichenicolous fungi. Alectoria gowardii and Peltigera elisabethae are new to Svalbard. Furthermore, 36 other species were found new to Nordaustlandet. Twenty-seven species are rare on Svalbard, among them Aspilidea myrinii, Candelariella borealis, Gyalecta erythrozona, Miriquidica deusta, Rhizocarpon viridiatrum (reported for the second time), and Aspicilia cinerea, Cetraria nigricans, Cladonia arbuscula, Cystocoleus ebeneus, Lecidea ecrustacea, Peltigera frippii, Rhizocarpon eupetraeoides, Rinodina terrestris, Stereocaulon cumulatum, Toninia squalida, Verrucaria hydrela. Localities, substrates and distribution in Svalbard are given for each species. For rare and extremely rare species, all known locations are given. For some species, differences from closely related species are given.
Algae and cyanobacteria in soils polluted with heavy metals (Northwest Russia, Murmansk region)
Authors: Redkina Vera V. , Shalygina Regina R.
Published: February 2022

The analysis of algae and cyanobacteria in Albic Podzols affected by emissions of the copper–nickel plant Pechenganikel in the forest-tundra of the Arctic region was carried out. The main pollutants contained in the emissions and entering the soil are sulfur compounds and heavy non-ferrous metals. Algae and cyanobacteria were identified in soil samples collected in three zones differing in their distance from the pollution source: the zone of strong pollution (at a distance of 3 km southwest from the source of the emission), the zone of medium pollution (5-7 km), and the zone of weak pollution (16-25 km). In total, 61 species of eukaryotic algae and 2 species of cyanobacteria were found. In the studied soils, several species of algae were found with a high frequency, apparently resistant to unfavorable natural and anthropogenic factors: Chloromonas sp., Neocystis brevis, Parietochloris alveolaris, Pseudococcomyxa simplex, Stichococcus bacillaris, Interfilum terricola, Leptosira cf. obovata, Myrmecia bisecta, Nostoc muscorum. Algae from the Chlorophyta division predominated in all soils studied. Yellowgreen algae and diatoms were found only in the zone of strong pollution and were represented by a very small number of species. The presence of Microthamnion kuetzingianum, which is resistant to high acidity and heavy metals concentration, can be useful as an indicator of severe heavy metal contamination. Our study confirmed sensitivity of Vischeria magna to soil contamination with heavy metals. In long-term aspect, the species diversity of algae has increased by 35% in the soils influenced by the Pechenganikel plant in comparison with the data obtained 30 years ago, which probably indicates a certain decrease in anthropogenic load on the adjacent territories.
Review of the Panorpa wormaldi group (Mecoptera: Panorpidae), with descriptions of two new species
Authors: Wang Ji-Shen , Suzuki Tomoya
Published: February 2022

Panorpa Linnaeus, 1758 is the largest genus in the scorpionfly family Panorpidae. In this paper, a taxonomic review of the Panorpa wormaldi group is provided, with two new species described from China: Panorpa fengyanga Wang & Suzuki, sp. nov. from Zhejiang, and Panorpa zhuohengi Wang & Suzuki, sp. nov. from Guangdong. The male of Panorpa implicata Cheng, 1957 is discovered and described for the first time. A distributional map and keys to species are also provided for this group. Species number in this group is updated from 17 to 19. In addition, their biogeographical and evolutionary implications are briefly discussed.
The importance of digitalization of procurement in achieving multiple channel retail excellence
Authors: Bogetić Zoran , Stojković Dragan , Dokić Aleksa
Published: February 2022

Digitalization of procurement is a path to e-procurement and includes a set of practices and technologies, which through smart use of data, ICT and automation, raises the efficiency and effectiveness of existing and leads to the development of new procurement processes and activities. The most common notion of digitalization of procurement in retail implies the implementation of certain electronic solutions in various e-procurement phases of the retailer. Procurement and selling are two sides of the same retail coin. From time immemorial, business logic has dictated that everything should be procured rationally and that only what can be sold should be procured. With the modernization of retail come new challenges, which require exceptional coordination between sales and purchasing activities. Therefore, in certain circumstances, the digitization of sales may affect the digitization of procurement, and vice versa. The concept of multiple channel sales has been extensively present, from the moment when retailers started using multiple marketing channels in parallel. In this regard, modern, theoretically narrower understanding of multiple channel business implies the intersection of physical and digital sales channels. The market implications of the COVID-19 pandemic only further accentuated the need to integrate traditional and electronic sales channels, in order to respond to contactless purchasing requests. Achieving a multiple channel strategy is usually multi-iterative, as the retailer goes through the previous multiple channel phases, gradually expanding the range of sales channels and their integration. In this regard, Jocevski et al. (2019) noted that the key predispositions for the transition from a multichannel to an omnichannel strategy are a "seamless" shopping experience, data integration, and effective supply chain management. By its nature, the digitalization of retail procurement, as a business process, touches on all three key aspects of multiple channel integration. It is in this context that it is necessary to look for the previously mentioned link between the digitization of procurement and sales. Therefore, the focus of this paper will be on locating and explaining the specific ways in which procurement digitalization can affect the multiple channel integration of retail business.
Determinants of household consumption in Serbia: Methodological approaches and empirical results
Authors: Hanić Hasan , Bugarčić Milica
Published: February 2022

The subject of this paper is to quantify the impact of income (household income) which is a key economic variable that determines the framework for personal consumption of households. In addition to income, the influence of household regional affiliation, household size, socio-economic status of the household, gender, age and level of education of the household head -variables that independently affect consumption, increasing or decreasing the influence of income as the main explanatory variables, was examined. The aim of this paper is to provide insight into different methodological approaches to empirical / econometric research of determinants of consumer demand, on the example of empirical analysis of family budgets of households in Serbia. Based on the survey on the consumption of 6,354 house holds in Serbia, which was conducted in 2019, according to the unique methodology of the European Agency for Statistics, by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, the basic parameters of consumer demand were assessed. Two econometric approaches were applied: a model based on complete systems of regression equations and a model based on one regression equation. The obtained empirical results are in accordance with the findings of most econometricians of applied consumer demand analysis.
Variability of Hungarian oak (Quercus frainetto Ten.) from the territory of Lipovica according to morphological traits of seedlings
Authors: Popović Vladan , Lučić Aleksandar , Rakonjac Ljubinko , Jovanović Sanja , Lazarević Ivica
Published: February 2022

Natural populations of Hungarian oak in Serbia are found near the northwestern boundary of the range of distribution of this significant forest species. The survival of forest border provenances is endangered due to climate change, small population size, low species competitiveness, etc. Therefore, ancillary measures of population regeneration support are recommended along with broadening of their genetic diversity. Although the knowledge of the levels and structure of genetic diversity of populations is a prerequisite for successful conservation and use, research of this topic regarding Hungarian oak is rare. The analyses of morphological traits of one-year-old seedlings of 40 half-sib families are carried out in order to gain insight into the variability of Hungarian oak population in Lipovica. The intrapopulation variability was determined based on two measured morphological parameters and one derived ratio. The obtained results show there is a significant variability of morphological traits of seedlings on the level of half-sib families and they indicate a high phenotypic variability of the researched traits. The results of the analysis of variance show statistically significant differences between the researched halfsib families for all observed traits. The researched gene pool of Hungarian oak is characterized by a satisfactory degree of genetic variability and represents a good starting point for the process of further breeding. In order to confirm the results of this research, i.e., to determine more precisely genetic structure of the population, it is necessary to perform analyses of various phenotypic traits in specially designed field plantations as well as the analysis of adequate DNA markers.
Morphological variability of wild service tree (Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz) fruit and seeds from the area of Košutnjak
Authors: Pavlović Slavko , Kerkez-Janković Ivona , Devetaković Jovana , Šijačić-Nikolić Mirjana
Published: February 2022

Wild service tree (Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz) is an autochthonous deciduous species that have highly valuated timber. It often occurs individually in oak and beech forests, but it is necessary to monitor the intensity of regeneration and presence in these forests. The fruits of this species are edible and medicinal, usually contain 2-4 seeds, which are characterized by dormancy. The fruits and seeds collected from trees from the area of Košutnjak (Belgrade, Serbia) were used in this study. This study aimed to determine the variability of fruits and seeds in the population. Length and width of fruit and also determined length, width, and thickness of the seed were measured. The dimensions of fruits and seeds from this population were by results reported in previous studies. The obtained results showed clear differences between trees in morphological attributes of fruits and seeds (OneWay ANOVA, p<0,05). The average fruit contained more than two seeds and a maximal number of seeds per one fruit was 5. At one tree were recorded a high number of empty fruits. The obtained results indicate a high degree of genetic variability in this population, but also indicate the need for testing with other morphological and molecular markers.
Most common species of defoliating insects of broadleaved forests: ICP level I monitoring in 2021
Authors: Gagić-Serdar Renata , Marković Miroslava , Češljar Goran , Đorđević Ilija , Stefanović Tomislav , Momirović Natalija , Mitrović Suzana
Published: February 2022

In order to make conclusions related to the selection of the most appropriate improvement measures, it is necessary to define the condition of forests through monitoring their health state. ICP for Forests Monitoring deals with human factors (mainly air pollution) and biotic factors that impair vitality and hinder the development of forest ecosystems in Europe and Serbia. Since broadleaved forests experience stronger attacks of plant diseases and pests, they have more severe defoliation. Beech is the most common broadleaved species at the ICP sample plots in Serbia. It is followed by oak species - sessile oak, Turkey oak and Hungarian oak. The largest number of insect species develop on the assimilation organs of forest trees. The paper presents the most common species of defoliators detected at SP in Serbia in 2021.
Application of ARAS method in assessing efficiency of insurance companies in Serbia
Authors: Lukić Radojko
Published: February 2022

The issue of assessment of the efficiency of insurance companies based on multi-criteria analysis has become increasingly pressing, complex and significant. It provides the grounds for the achievement of future improved efficiency of insurance companies by using adequate measures. With this in view, the paper analyses the efficiency of insurance companies in Serbia based on ARAS (Additive Ratio Assessment) method. The results obtained from the empirical research of the efficiency of insurance companies in Serbia by ARAS method show that the year 2020 was the most efficient. Lately, the efficiency of insurance companies in Serbia has continuously increased, positively triggered by a number of factors such as the economic climate, standard of living, employment, modern cost management concepts, revenues and profit, electronic sale of insurance services, digitization of overall business. The negative impact of the Corona virus pandemic in Serbia is negligible (compared to the other industries) and partially compensated for by the increased online sale of the insurance services and/or the growth in insurance of infrastructure (property) on the one hand and the raised awareness of the need to be covered by insurance against potential risks of all kinds, on the other hand.
Life insurance in circumstances of Covid 19 pandemics
Authors: Žarković Nebojša
Published: February 2022

The subject matter of the research in this paper is the impact of the crisis caused by the Covid 19 pandemics on life insurance. The significance of life insurance for the population and economy is emphasized at the beginning. This is followed up by a presentation and analysis of the data on the global decline in the premium volume for these lines during 2020 and the prospects for recovery. Moreover, a due attention has been dedicated to the impact of the Corona virus on insurance claims tendencies. A special chapter concerns two types of life insurance - life insurance and occupational incapacity insurance. The first was dealt with because of its significance and the second because of the great attention it received as the result of the outbreak of the pandemic. A part of this paper covers the consequences of the pandemic crisis in Serbia. The general conclusion is that life insurers in Serbia and globally responded well to the growing challenges and that, in the future, they will face declining investment income and a significant adjustment of the insurance proposal to the new developments.
Negative interest rate and the possibility of terminating life insurance contract due to changed circumstances
Authors: Jovanović Slobodan
Published: February 2022

Although low interest rates, after the global financial crisis, were supposed to have positive effects on economic activity, such policy also had certain disadvantages that adversely affected the financial system. In this paper, the author discusses life insurance where the insured's share in the insurer's profit is contracted, the insurer's contractual protection against unfavourable interest rate trends, the possibility of terminating or amending a life insurance contract due to changed circumstances based on legal provisions and legal theory, and partly aspects of the legal nature of life insurance contracts. The author concludes that life insurance contracts have characteristics that classify them as bilateral contracts, but also because of that they do not meet the requirements to be onerous contracts (it is a legal, not economic-financial characteristic of life insurance contracts). The main obstacle for implementation of the institute of changed circumstances to life insurance contracts is their aleatory legal nature and general principles of contract law that do not take into account economic effects of that insurance line. The institutional framework, indifference of legal theory and case law regarding implementation of the institute of changed circumstances to life insurance contracts due to negative interest rates will continue to burden insurers.
Principles of criminal prosecution under the 2021 criminal procedure code of Republika Srpska
Authors: Buha Milijana
Published: February 2022

The prosecutor, as a state body, performs the basic function of criminal prosecution in criminal proceedings in accordance with the principles of legality and accusatory nature. The principle of legality obligates the prosecutor to prosecute in order to file an indictment if there is evidence of a criminal offense. The accusatorial principle indicates that the initiation of criminal proceedings depends on the prosecutor, because the legislature prescribes that criminal proceedings can be initiated only at the prosecutor's request. Criminal prosecution depends on the prosecutor's decision to prosecute matters, and the aggrieved party can only represent the indictment filed by the prosecutor if the prosecutor decides to abandon the indictment confirmed. The aggrieved party may be given a possibility to prosecute criminal offenses in which the public interest has not been violated.
Bosnia and Herzegovina as a factor of the western Balkan security subcomplex
Authors: Tučić Boris
Published: February 2022

Relying on the basic theoretical assumptions of the Copenhagen School, especially the sectoral understanding of security and Regional Security Complex Theory, the paper analyzes the security situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), its implications for the wider Western Balkan security environment, including the situation in BiH realized in the context of differentiating the Western Balkan security subcomplex in relation to the wider European security identity which has an impact on the region. The aim of this paper is to point out the key factors that determine the security situation in BiH and its surrounding region, including the specificities of the security context in BiH, which is reflected in the essential inseparability of its political and societal dimension, because the issue of collective identity in BiH, which is exclusively grounded on the ethno-political premises manifested through its Dayton constitutional structure and the consociative character of its political system. Therefore, the paper concludes, among other things, that the causes of the unfavorable security situation in BiH and its negative implications for the region must primarily be sought in the permanent conflict between the three ethno-political identities and the dysfunctionality of political mechanisms for conflict resolutions, including inadequate policies which have been applied to Dayton BiH by key representatives of the European security identity, such as the European Union and NATO, almost since its establishment.
Comparative clinical data for gingivitis treatment using gels from Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) and chlorhexidine (CHX)
Authors:   Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India, Deepika BA
Published: February 2022

Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) has various properties like anti bacterial, anti inflammatory, anti oxidant for curing diseases. It is a plant with known medicinal value in Indian system of medicine. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the effectiveness of Ocimum sanctum with Chlorhexidine (CHX) which is a standard material for the treatment of gingivitis. We used 30 gingivitis subjects divided into 2 groups. Group I used Tulsi gel (n= 15) and Group II used CHX gel (n = 15) for treatment. Tulsi and CHX gel use was advised for 1 month. The Clinical parameters assessed were gingival Index (GI), plaque Index (PI), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) assessed at a time interval of 30 days. Statistical analysis was completed using the SPSS software 23.0. Data showed that GI and PD for Tulsi and CHX in pre and post groups are not significant with p > 0.05. Moreover, PI is not significant with p>0.05 among pre Tulsi, pre CHX and post CHX. However, data is significant with p<0.05 for Tulsi group. CAL is significant with p<0.05 among pre/post Tulsi groups. However, this is not significant with p>0.05 among pre/post CHX groups. Data shows that 2% of Tulsi is effective in reducing gingival bleeding and inflammation. Thus, clinical data shows that Tulsi gel is promising for the treatment of gingivitis.
Genistein binding protein targets in dental pathogens
Authors:   Saveetha Dental College and Hospital Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai-600077, Tamil Nadu, India, Vivek Babu, B
Published: February 2022

Oral pathogens have created a menace in recent years due to biofilm formation and antimicrobial drug resistance. The current treatment strategy works well with antibiotics. However, constant use of antibiotics creates a selective pressure, which increases adaptability of the pathogens. Therefore, it is of interest to analyze the potential targets of genistein in dental pathogens using computer aided prediction tools.
Soft tissue re-growth after different crown lengthening techniques among Indian patients
Authors:   Saveetha Dental College and Hospital Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai-600077, Tamil Nadu, India, Narayan Siddharth
Published: February 2022

Patients often report complaining of fractured or decayed teeth with severe morphological deformities. However, all these clinical scenarios require the same level of care and consideration to rehabilitate form, function and esthetics. Some cases have sufficient clinical crown height while others often require an interdisciplinary approach in the form of orthodontic/surgical extrusion or surgical periodontal options. A common factor delaying treatment is soft tissue regrowth after crown lengthening which delays the impression required for final prosthesis. Therefore, it is of interest to compare the prevalence of soft tissue regrowth a week after different crown lengthening techniques including laser gingivectomy, electrocautery gingivectomy, modified Widman flap and apically repositioned. The parameters assessed included 1-week postoperative soft tissue regrowth after crown lengthening, age of patients and gender. It was observed that laser and electrocautery-assisted gingivectomy had a higher rate of soft tissue regrowth as compared to surgical techniques. It was further noted that laser and electrocautery assisted gingivectomy had a higher frequency of soft tissue rebound growth compared to surgical crown lengthening using modified widman flap and apically repositioned flap, which was statistically insignificant. Patients within the age groups of 26-60 years were found to have a higher tendency of soft tissue regrowth, which was found to be clinically and statistically significant (p<0.05).
Cultural historical activity theory and Dewey’s idea-based social constructivism: Consequences for Educational Research
Authors: Postholm May Britt
Published: February 2022

Background: Our theoretical perspectives direct ourresearch processes. The article contributes to the debateon Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) andDewey’s idea-based social constructivism, and to thedebate on methodology and how the researcher’s theoreticalstance guides the researcher in his or her work.Purpose: The article presents fundamental ideaswithin CHAT and Dewey’s idea-based social constructivism.The purpose of the text is to discuss and examinehow ideas in these two theories guide educationalresearch conducted within the framework of these twoapproaches. Furthermore, the article aims to contributeto the discussion on CHAT and Dewey’s theory.Sources of evidence: Ideas based on Vygotsky’stheories, represented mainly by James Wertsch, MichaelCole, Barbara Rogoff and Yrjö Engeström, andDewey’s ideas, are examined and discussed in relationto educational research. Furthermore, statements madeby Mietinnen, Garrison and Rorty are taken into accountin the discussion on the two outlined theories.Main argument: When CHAT and Dewey’s theoryguide researchers in their work, they have to take thecontext or situation into consideration. Artefacts aretreated as part of this context, and therefore have to bea focal point of the research. In educational research theclassroom and the teacher are also central parts of thelearning environment or context. The teacher is the oneto form the learning environment in which the pupilsthink and act, and therefore, the teacher’s role in theclassroom is important. If researchers are to manage tofocus on pupils’ learning, they must direct their researchfocus both on the teacher as an organizer of the activitiesand on the collaborating and supporting processes between the teacher and the pupils, and between thepupils. This means that the research focus has to includeboth activity and dialogue, which includes processes inall their complexity.Conclusions: Mediating artefacts play a central roleboth in CHAT and Dewey’s theory. If the researcher isto ascertain what the pupils learn when using specificartefacts, he or she will have to study the activities orprocesses within which these learning aids are used.This indicates that the researcher has to study learningprocesses in progress. Garrison states that Dewey’s approachis a philosophy of cultural development. Miettinenfinds that Dewey’s theory does not serve as thefoundation for both historical and cultural analyses ofaction. I disagree with Rorty and Mietinnen, and ratherfollow Garrison’s lead. In both theories, social, culturaland historical factors are, in my opinion, viewed asdecisive factors intertwined in what happens here andnow. Therefore the setting that frames the activity withits social, cultural and historical aspects also has to bebrought into focus in one’s research activity.
Digital Tools and Instructional Rules: A study of how digital technologies become rooted in classroom procedures
Authors: De Lange Thomas , Lund Andreas
Published: February 2022

This paper examines how a classroom culture developsadvanced strategies and procedures for handling complexdigital tools. We report from a vocational Mediaand Communication course at an Upper SecondarySchool in Oslo, Norway. Our analysis reveals how aprocedure called practical assignments has developedhistorically at the school, and how this procedure iscarried out in the classroom. Theoretically, our studyis informed by Activity Theory, which affords us toolsto analyze how social institutions and learning trajectoriesevolve over time, and how longitudinal dimensionsemerge in situ. Our findings show how teachers andlearners create a space for solving context-specific problemsinvolving sophisticated technology. A historicalanalysis is here crucial not only in understanding whydigital technologies are used in specific ways, but alsohow they evolve into classroom conventions.
Home Education and Social Integration
Authors: Beck Christian W.
Published: February 2022

If school attendance is important for social integration,then a particular out of school practice like homeeducation could possibly represent a threat to socialintegration. The findings of a Norwegian research projectthat surveyed socialization among Norwegian homeeducated students from different regions are presentedand discussed using socialization theory and a theory ofcultural order. Among the conclusions are the following:Pragmatically motivated home educated studentsare often socially well integrated. Religiously motivatedhome educated students that hold values distant fromthe values of society are not necessarily socially isolated.With more openness and more communicationbetween society and home educators home educatedstudents could meet criteria for social integration even more so than is presently the case.
A Sociocultural Approach to Recognition and Learning
Authors: Musaeus Peter
Published: February 2022

This is a case study of goldsmith craft apprenticeship learning and recognition. The study includes 13 participants in a goldsmith's workshop. The theoretical approach to recognition and learning is inspired by sociocultural theory. In this article recognition is defined with reference to Hegel’s understanding of the concept as a transformed struggle of granting acknowledgement to another person plus receiving acknowledgement as a person. It is argued that the notion of recognition can enhance sociocultural notions of learning. In analysing the case study of apprenticeship learning, the article suggests that recognition is expressed in the act of participants staking their lives to prove their autonomy, in work activity in terms of the role of artefacts and in the form of abstract and concrete recognition. Finally recognition is discussed in relation to learning and development. The study concludes that recognition is an important category not only to explain apprenticeship learning but also to give a sociocultural explanation of learning in general.
Social and individual subjectivity from an historical cultural standpoint
Authors: Rey Fernando Luis González
Published: February 2022

This paper discusses theoretical issues concerning the topic of subjectivity as it has been recently developed within a cultural – historical framework. This provides a new theoretical and epistemological basis to this issue that does not lead to the misinterpretations of subjectivity found in the modern philosophical approaches to theorizing consciousness. This paper builds on interpretations related to Vygotsky’s theory of consciousness that do not follow the current dominant interpretations in Western Psychology. The analyses take departure in the concept of ‘sense’ introduced by Vygotsky at the end of his work and proceeds to propose the concept of subjective sense as the corner stone for the study of subjectivity. The concept of subjective configuration is discussed and finally, the concept of social subjectivity is introduced understood as those symbolic processes and subjective senses that characterize social scenarios and institutions.
Smart cities and urban logistics: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Santinha Gonçalo , Dias Ana , Rodrigues Mário , Rodrigues Carlos , Bastardo Rute , Pavão João , Rocha Nelson Pacheco
Published: February 2022

The concept of smart cities is seen as a key strategy to mitigate the problems generated by the rapid urbanization. Within the smart cities umbrella, the so-called smart mobility has been subject of considerable research. The systematic review reported by this article aimed to identify the most relevant applications supported by smart cities’ infrastructure with an impact in urban logistic transports. A total of 39 articles were retrieved, and the results show that the main application areas are related to solid waste management and the routing of logistic fleets, namely, to improve the last mile logistics.
« Peut-être que mon fils aurait pu rester là-bas » – Un collage ethnographique sur l’altérisation dans les parcours scolaires « singuliers »
Authors: Amirpur Donja , Piérart Geneviève
Published: February 2022

Ce texte traduit de l’allemand aborde la question des familles migrantes ayant un enfant en situation de handicap et vivant en Allemagne. À partir de l’analyse ethnographique du parcours d’un élève, les obstacles structurels limitant l’accès de ces enfants à une éducation inclusive sont mis en évidence. À l’intersection de deux catégorisations du public scolaire, les élèves et leurs parents ont des vécus spécifiques par rapport à d’autres familles en raison de leur double statut d’« enfants migrants » et d’« enfants à besoins éducatifs particuliers ». Le discours des professionnel·le·s qui accompagnent les enfants et leurs familles contribue à la construction d’une altérité pouvant avoir des effets ségrégatifs. Même si cela va à l’encontre du projet des parents pour leur enfant, des options pédagogiques disqualifiantes pour les élèves sont souvent proposées par les équipes éducatives. La question du multilinguisme est envisagée par les acteurs comme un handicap supplémentaire contribuant à une orientation dans l’enseignement spécialisé. L’auteure montre comment ce discours ségrégationniste est intégré à la fois par les professionnel·le·s censé·e·s soutenir ces familles, et parfois par les parents eux-mêmes.
Intravital deep-tumor single-beam 3-photon, 4-photon, and harmonic microscopy
Authors: Bakker Gert-Jan , Weischer Sarah , Ferrer Ortas Júlia , Heidelin Judith , Andresen Volker , Beutler Marcus , Beaurepaire Emmanuel , Friedl Peter
Published: February 2022

Three-photon excitation has recently been demonstrated as an effective method to perform intravital microscopy in deep, previously inaccessible regions of the mouse brain. The applicability of 3-photon excitation for deep imaging of other, more heterogeneous tissue types has been much less explored. In this work, we analyze the benefit of high-pulse-energy 1 MHz pulse-repetition-rate infrared excitation near 1300 and 1700 nm for in-depth imaging of tumorous and bone tissue. We show that this excitation regime provides a more than 2-fold increased imaging depth in tumor and bone tissue compared to the illumination conditions commonly used in 2-photon excitation, due to improved excitation confinement and reduced scattering. We also show that simultaneous 3- and 4-photon processes can be effectively induced with a single laser line, enabling the combined detection of blue to far-red fluorescence together with second and third harmonic generation without chromatic aberration, at excitation intensities compatible with live tissue imaging. Finally, we analyze photoperturbation thresholds in this excitation regime and derive setpoints for safe cell imaging. Together, these results indicate that infrared high-pulse-energy low-repetition-rate excitation opens novel perspectives for intravital deep-tissue microscopy of multiple parameters in strongly scattering tissues and organs.
Identification of novel HPFH-like mutations by CRISPR base editing that elevate the expression of fetal hemoglobin
Authors: Ravi Nithin Sam , Wienert Beeke , Wyman Stacia K , Bell Henry William , George Anila , Mahalingam Gokulnath , Vu Jonathan T , Prasad Kirti , Bandlamudi Bhanu Prasad , Devaraju Nivedhitha , Rajendiran Vignesh , Syedbasha Nazar , Pai Aswin Anand , Nakamura Yukio , Kurita Ryo , Narayanasamy Muthuraman , Balasubramanian Poonkuzhali , Thangavel Saravanabhavan , Marepally Srujan , Velayudhan Shaji R , Srivastava Alok , DeWitt Mark A , Crossley Merlin , Corn Jacob E , Mohankumar Kumarasamypet M
Published: February 2022

Naturally occurring point mutations in the HBG promoter switch hemoglobin synthesis from defective adult beta-globin to fetal gamma-globin in sickle cell patients with hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) and ameliorate the clinical severity. Inspired by this natural phenomenon, we tiled the highly homologous HBG proximal promoters using adenine and cytosine base editors that avoid the generation of large deletions and identified novel regulatory regions including a cluster at the –123 region. Base editing at –123 and –124 bp of HBG promoter induced fetal hemoglobin (HbF) to a higher level than disruption of well-known BCL11A binding site in erythroblasts derived from human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). We further demonstrated in vitro that the introduction of –123T > C and –124T > C HPFH-like mutations drives gamma-globin expression by creating a de novo binding site for KLF1. Overall, our findings shed light on so far unknown regulatory elements within the HBG promoter and identified additional targets for therapeutic upregulation of fetal hemoglobin.
Genetic integration of behavioural and endocrine components of the stress response
Authors: Houslay Thomas M , Earley Ryan L , White Stephen J , Lammers Wiebke , Grimmer Andrew J , Travers Laura M , Johnson Elizabeth L , Young Andrew J , Wilson Alastair
Published: February 2022

The vertebrate stress response comprises a suite of behavioural and physiological traits that must be functionally integrated to ensure organisms cope adaptively with acute stressors. Natural selection should favour functional integration, leading to a prediction of genetic integration of these traits. Despite the implications of such genetic integration for our understanding of human and animal health, as well as evolutionary responses to natural and anthropogenic stressors, formal quantitative genetic tests of this prediction are lacking. Here, we demonstrate that acute stress response components in Trinidadian guppies are both heritable and integrated on the major axis of genetic covariation. This integration could either facilitate or constrain evolutionary responses to selection, depending upon the alignment of selection with this axis. Such integration also suggests artificial selection on the genetically correlated behavioural responses to stress could offer a viable non-invasive route to the improvement of health and welfare in captive animal populations.