bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Analysis of Cognitive Moral in Bridging the Gap Between Internal Marketing and B2B Salespeople Performance
Authors: Ribhan . , Maydiantoro Albet
Published: September 2021

This study seeks to confirm and analyse the effect of cross-level cognitive morals on internal marketing and business sales force performance (i.e. behavioural performance and outcome performance). The concepts of relationship marketing and marketing theory of ethics underpin the relationship among variables. This study adopted a quantitative approach through a survey of 460 respondents from 13 company services and manufacturers. Internal marketing variables were measured at the unit level and tested using interrater agreement and the intraclass correlation. In contrast, the cognitive moral variables, behavioural performance, and sales force performance results were measured individually. Hierarchical linear modelling (HLM) was used to test the effect of the cross-level research variables. The results showed that internal marketing empirically supports cognitive morals. However, the effect of internal marketing does not support the two-dimensional performances of the sales force. Theoretically, the contributions, internal marketing and cognitive morals have shown the relationship between marketing and marketing theory of ethics.
 
Received: 28 April 2021 / Accepted: 15 July 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021
The Circular Economy in the Popular Republic of China: A Multilevel Strategy for a New Model of Economic and Social Development
Authors: Senatore Gianluca
Published: September 2021

The following work analyzes the principal differences in the implementation of the circular economy model between Europe and China, with a focus on practices and strategies set in place by the asiatic Popular Republic to promote the sustainable development. For that purpose, in this work, relevant trial studies on the management and deployment of circular economy in China and on green behaviors of Chinese population have been examined
 
Received: 20 July 2021 / Accepted: 30 August 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021
Some Aspects of Geomorphological Development of the Bohemian Massif in the Pre-platform Stage
Authors: Ivan Antonín
Published: September 2021

The paper treats of the geomorphological interpretation of the geological knowledges of the Bohemian Massif in past geological periods. Apart from others, it deals with the possibilities of preservation of the old relief, especially epiplatform surfaces. Examples are given of the block structure in the surface phenomena, the geomorphological importance is mentioned of sedimentary depressions and the methods of regional comparison.
Digital Credit in Kenya: A Survey of Costs, Uses and Borrowers Considerations in Relation to Loan Uptake
Authors: Kamau Charles Guandaru
Published: September 2021

Digital credit involves use of mobile telephone devices and online platforms to secure short term credit. Digital credit has been on a steady rising trend in Kenya since 2012. Availability of credit by households especially the low-income persons have been of great concern for many years. Digital credit has come in handy to address this concern to a great extent. The main aim of this study was to analyse the cost of digital credit, the uses to which the borrowers apply the digital loans and the factors that they consider before applying for the digital loan in Kenya. The data collection methods used are analysis of secondary data and online surveys. The study analysed the data using paired sample t tests and regression analysis methods.  The study observed that there is no significant difference between the cost of digital loans and the banks’ lending rate in Kenya. The findings of this study employment status and loan application have a statistically significant effect on the level of loan uptake. Digital credit users age and loan considerations did not have statistically significant effect on the loan uptake.
Boron Modulates the Barrier Function, Antioxidant Activity, and Epithelial Cell Proliferation in Rat Jejunum
Authors: Xu Lian-Zhu , Deng Juan , Liu Ting , Ren Man , Hu Qian-Qian , Li Sheng-He , Gu You-Fang , Wang Chen-Fang , Jin Er-Hui
Published: September 2021

We have explored the effect of boron in drinking water on the microstructure, mechanical barrier, immune barrier, antioxidant activity, and cell proliferation in rat jejunum. The treatment resulted in a significant increase in the jejunum villi height and ratio of villus height to crypt depth compared to the control group. The results showed that the jejunum villi height and ratio of villus height to crypt depth of the rats in experimental groups IV and V significantly increased compared with the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Furthermore, boron treatment resulted in a significant increase in the number of rat jejunum goblet cells, intraepithelial lymphocyte and proliferating cell nuclear antigen positive cells as well as the concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A along with increased activity or content of total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity. However, there was a decrease in expression of these markers in rats receiving the highest dosage of boron (640 mg/L). The results show that supplementing drinking water with low doses of boron could improve the microstructure of rat jejunum, enhance mucosal immunity, mechanical barrier function, and antioxidant activity, and promote cell proliferation.
Ultrasonic Exposure of the Liquid Film for Highly Efficient Gas Absorption
Authors: Khmelev Vladimir N. , Golykh Roman N. , Tsyganok Sergey N. , Bobrova Galina A.
Published: September 2021

A model of ultrasonic intensification of the absorption process is proposed, developed, and analyzed. For the first time, the model takes into account the effect of wave-like capillary perturbations of the liquid-gas surface and the acceleration of diffusion in the liquid volume on the absorption rate due to cavitation. According to the results of the model researches, the need for uniform sounding of the extended surface of the liquid film is established to accelerate the absorption of carbon dioxide and other harmful and target gaseous impurities by at least 3 times. The designs and layout of ultrasonic vibration radiators with an extended radiation surface are proposed. The results of measurements of the vibration amplitudes of the invented transducers showed that they have a relative deviation of the amplitude of no more than 0.2. The proposed approaches to the implementation of the process can be recommended for further research, the selection of optimal designs, and industrial applications to accelerate the absorption of gaseous impurities
La tecnología al servicio de la educación
Authors: Cipagauta Moyano Marisol Esperanza
Published: September 2021

En el campo de la educación, el uso de la tecnología es cada vez más frecuente, lo que ha desafiado a las instituciones a desarrollar estrategias que permitan la apropiación y gobernanza de lo digital en el proceso de enseñanza, aprendizaje y evaluación, con el fin de lograr aprendizajes significativos para la comunidad académica en general. Por eso la importancia de formar a profesores y alumnos en competencias digitales, en estos tiempos más que nunca, donde la virtualidad ha venido ganando un espacio importante y la calidad de la educación, debe mantenerse.
Assessment of Knowledge Regarding First Aid among the Undergraduate Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Melvin Jacob  , Hezil Reema Barboza
Published: September 2021

Background: First aid knowledge is very valuable for every individual in the community. It enables theindividual to assist the injured person in an emergency situation until medical help arrives at the site.1Students are highly exposed to different kinds of physical injuries. Lack of knowledge regarding managingthese medical injuries was noted among the students.2 Careful management recommended for reducing thecomplication. This study was conducted to determine the knowledge of first aid and its associated factorsamong undergraduate students.3-5Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 undergraduatestudents. Subjects were selected using purposive sampling techniques. The information was collected usinga demographic proforma and a self-administered questionnaire. The overall knowledge on first aid wasgraded as adequate, good and inadequate.Results: The overall knowledge score was 13.81 ± 4.41. The mean percentage of the overall level ofknowledge was 57.54% which indicate the majority had good knowledge on aspects of first aid. In thisstudy there was no significant association between knowledge score and selected demographic variables.Conclusion: The study showed the majority had good knowledge of first aid. But also identified some keyareas in which first aid knowledge was deficient in the management of shock, burns and fracture. Thus thereis a need for first aid training to be introduced in the undergraduate curriculum of different disciplines. Thestudy recommends the use of modern techniques such as simulation with computerized mannequins as ateaching-learning method in all the educational institutions.
Effect of Exotoxin a isolated from Pseudomonas Aeruginosaagainsthuman Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Muthanna Hamid Hassan
Published: September 2021

In this study, the presence of Pseudomonasaeruginosawas investigated from many clinical samples, andthen about 54 isolates were obtained, diagnosed with all different diagnostic methods, and then the bacterialisolates produced for ExotoxinA were detected by the ELISA method and then the most productive isolatewas chosen for purification by means ofPrecipitation with ammonium sulphate and ion-exchange columnand detection of molecular weight was (M.W 65.03KD).The competent isolation tested its toxicity againsttwo cancer cell linesHeLa and PC3 which were an inhibition ratio 69.1% and 61.6% respectively in highconcentration.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Stopping and Completing the Period of Appeal Against Judicial Rulings in Accordance with Jordanian law
Authors: Muhanned Farhan Al Taani
Published: September 2021

This study attempts to shed light on the applicability of the Jordanian Civil Trials Law No. 24 of 1988and its amendments in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and the prevention of litigants’ access to thecourts because it is an official holiday on the grounds constituting it to be a force majeure or an emergencycircumstance which is considered an unexpected event. The law did not explicitly stipulate a cessation ofappeal against judgments. When this impediment is present, the appellant can complete the appeal periodwhen this impediment ceases to exist. The completion of the prescribed periods becomes in effect, whileDefense Order No. 5 bridged the gap in the provisions of the Civil Trials Law in light of the country’spassage through the COVID-19 pandemic, which came suddenly being an unexpected event. The legislatorwas unable to address the issue of stopping and completing the appeal period against the ruling issued forits appeal within the legal period stipulated in the law. Besides, this study includes the opinions of jurists inthe Civil Trials Law.This study indicated that the event of force majeure or an emergency situation (COVID-19 pandemic) withthe activation of Defense Law No. 13 of 1992 as it is pointing that completing the period of appeal withjudicial rulings and the necessity of its application during the existence of the COVID-19 pandemic with theneed to amend the Jordanian legislature for the legal loophole in this regard.
Copper Beaten Skull: An Incidental Finding in Autopsy
Authors: Mukul Sharma  , Sasank Shekhar Maharik  , Sarthak Aeron  , Biplab Rath  , Manoj Kumar Mohanty
Published: September 2021

The Sutures in the human skull are zones of separation between skull bones, which also allows the skullbones to grow in a fashion along with increase in size of brain, early closure of sutures (craniosynostosis)may lead to increase in intracranial tension and it pushes the soft skull outward which leads to undulatingpatterns formation in inner plate of skull called as silver beaten or copper beaten skull. Here we documentan incidental finding of copper beaten skull pattern in a case of road traffic accident brought to Mortuary ofAIIMS Bhubaneswar.
Assess the Effectiveness of Breast Crawl Technique on Selected Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes among Mothers Admitted in Labour Ward at Selected Hospitals of Kheda-Anand District, Gujarat
Authors: Neha Parmar  , Patel Sonali  , PrajapatiNilam  , Patel Urja  , Christian Richa  , Patel Radhika  , Parmar Mittal
Published: September 2021

Background: The Investigator conducted a study to Assess the Effectiveness of Breast Crawl Technique onselected, Maternal and neonatal Outcomes Among Mothers Admitted in Labour Ward at selected hospitalsof Kheda-anand District Gujarat.was carried out by researcher. The objectives of the study were: (1) Toassess the effectiveness of breast crawl technique on maternal and neonatal outcome among experimentalgroup and control group. (2) To find out the association between maternal and neonatal outcomes andselected demographic variables in experimental group. Research Design: A quasi experimental researchapproach was used with non- equivalent control group post test only design. The researcher used nonprobabilitypurposive sampling technique for selecting the 40 samples. Tools :Latch scale was used toassess the initiation of breast feeding, Visual analogue pain scale was used to assess the intensity of pain,and APGAR score was used for newborn assessment. Validity was assessed by 7 experts. Reliability of latchscale, Visual analogue pain scale and APGAR Score was ascertained by using Karl Pearson’s co-relationcoefficient formula. Data Analysis & Results: The data will be analyzed by descriptive statistics such asMean, Standard deviation, Frequency, Percentage. The mean score of effectiveness of breast crawl techniqueon initiation of breast feeding, intensity of pain, newborn assessment was higher in experimental group thanthe control group. So it was revealed that there was significant difference between experimental group andcontrol group. For comparison of effectiveness of breast crawl technique on initiation of breast feeding,intensity of pain, newborn assessment in that mean score was higher and calculated “t” test value is 4.83which is greater than tabulated value 2.09. So, that the research hypothesis is accepted and proved that therewill be significant association between initiation of breast feeding, intensity of pain, newborn assessmentbetween the experimental group and control group. The finding of the study also revealed that there wassignificant association between the initiation of breast feeding, intensity of pain, newborn assessment withselected demographic variables.
Qari (Male Voice) Increases Higher Expression of Synapsin 1 than Qariah (Female Voice) in the Cerebrum Newborn Rattus Norvegicus
Authors: Nur Laila Faizah  , Hermanto Tri Joewono  , Widjiati
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Pregnancy is the golden period to prepare children for the future. Stimulation is neededduring pregnancy, one of which is brain stimulation. This can be done with Al Qur’an Murrotal SurahAr-Rahman stimulation. This study aims to analyze expression of synapsin 1 in the cerebrum of newbornRattus norvegicus when given murrotal Surah Ar-Rahman stimulation by qari, qariah, and not given anystimulation during pregnancy.Methods: Experimental with post-test only control group design. Sampling in this study was consideredhomogeneous because it met the inclusion criteria. The samples obtained were distributed randomly to eachexperimental group and randomized into 3 groups, including control group, group stimulated by qari, andgroup stimulated by qariah. The treatment was given on the 6th day of pregnancy for 1 hour in a soundproofroom with an intensity of 65 dB.Results: The highest mean expression of synapsin 1 in the cerebrum is qari group (6.96 ± 2.59), then qariahgroup (5.84 ± 2.90), and the lowest is control group (5.74 ± 2.32). There is no significant difference inexpression of synapsin 1 in the cerebrum between control and qari groups (p = 0.306), control and qariahgroups (p = 0.932), qari and qariah groups (p = 0.347).Conclusion: The highest expression of Synapsin 1 in the cerebrum of newborn Rattus norvegicus is thegroup stimulated by qari.
Effects of Etanercept on Clinical and Immunological outcomes in Iraqi Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Qateralnada Rifaat Altohmoschi  , Mohammed AH Jabarah AL-Zobaidy  , Nizar Abdulateef Jasim
Published: September 2021

Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease affects joints and connective tissueswhere different types of cytokines are involved in its pathogenesis and progression. Biological drugs areconsidered to be a more targeted treatments for rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, the aim of current studywas to explore the effects of etanercept, a biological drug that inhibits tumor necrosis-alpha, on clinical andimmunological variables in Iraqi patients with RA. Methods: A prospective open-label study conductedfrom February to November/ 2020 at Rheumatology Unit, Baghdad Teaching Hospital/ Medical city, Iraq.The study involved 75 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who underwent a 12-week course of treatment withetanercept monotherapy or combined with methotrexate. Assessments of disease activity and immunologicalmarkers (using SDAI and ELISA technique, respectively) were performed for the patients after the course oftreatment and compared with healthy controls. Results: Data from current study showed that disease activitywas not affected by type of treatment and immunological markers were higher in patients with rheumatoidarthritis than in control subjects regardless of type of treatment. Conclusion: To achieve an effectivecontrol of rheumatoid arthritis disease activity, treatment with etanercept (monotherapy or combined withmethotrexate) needs to be continued for more 12 weeks.
Porotic Hyperostosis and Cribra Orbitalia as Indicators of Nutritional Problems in Ancient Population
Authors: Rachmadita Yoga Pratiwi
Published: September 2021

Background One of the most studied pathological conditions in human bone remains is porotic hyperostosisand cribra orbitalia, where the condition of porosity or bone tissue is porous and looks like a coral, sieveor sponge-like formation, and is often associated with a history of anemia. nutritional deficiencies, certaindiseases and so on. This is often seen in the skull because the bone tries to increase the marrow space availablefor increased red blood cell formation. Porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia (some paleopathologists putinto the same category as porotic hyperostosis) occur due to conditions caused by the body’s attempts toproduce more red blood cells in the marrow to compensate for iron deficiency. The longer this iron deficiencycontinues, the more clearly these lesions will form. Objective This study was conducted to see the pictureof the lesion porotic hyperostosis and criba orbitalia associated with anemia and nutritional deficiencies.Methods This study is a case study by observing an intact skull without a mandible, by inspecting theregions of the skull and the roof of the orbit. Results Found coral, sieve or spongy formations on the roofof the skull and the roof of the orbit. The presence of a skull lesion can be an indicator of the fragility of anindividual’s bones. Conclusion Anemia and deficiency conditions can result in the formation of lesions inthe skull.
Study of Causes of Death, Histopathological and Microbiological Changes in Cases of Burns Brought for Autopsy at Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal
Authors: Rajendra Kumar Mourya  , Priyamvada Kurveti Verma  , Garima  , Pawan Rathor  , Dheeraj Singh Verma
Published: September 2021

Death may occur immediately after burns or may get delayed for days & weeks, where burns may not be theactual cause of death; but its sequels & its complications leads to death. In such cases, determination of exactcause of death may be difficult. Hence, this study was aimed to find out the causes of death in burn casesduring autopsy utilizing histopathology and microbiology & its comparison with clinical causes of death. Allcases of burns autopsied at Gandhi Medical College & associated Hamidia Hospital Bhopal, for a period of1.6 years were included in the study.Out of 100 cases included, 45 (45.00%) showed the cause of death as septicemia, followed by hypovolemicshock in 30 (30.00%) cases, hypovolemic shock with acute renal failure seen in 4% cases. Bronchopneumoniawas seen in 29% cases, out of which 12% cases were associated with septicemia. Multiple Organ Failurewith septicemia was seen in 11% cases and in 2 (2.00%) cases of spot death; cause was neurogenic shockwith asphyxia.On histopathological examination, lungs revealed congestion and alveolar edema in 48% cases; Livershowed sinusoidal congestion in (39 %) cases; Kidneys showed hydropic degeneration of tubules in 62 %cases; being the most common findings. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the commonest isolate, 61% in bloodand 47% in pus culture.So, there is need of strict and 100% implementation of aseptic measures in burnwards, along with adequate supply of appropriate drugs specially antibiotics to the all hospitals.
AgO Nanowires: Synthesis, Characterization and Bioactivity
Authors: Rawaa A. Faris  , Layla M.H. Al-ameri
Published: September 2021

This study is focused on Nanostructured AgO due to its novel properties. Here AgO-NWs manufactured bylow-cost, fast green synthesis using curcumin extract. AgO-NWs structures were characterized by FESEMfield emission electron microscope scanning. Uniform distribution can be seen for the AgO -NWs. TheAgO -NWs thin film exhibits a promising giant third-order nonlinearity and ultrafast character. It behavesas a tunable refraction and absorption character the exciting energy is varied in the range of 80–120 mJ.Silver is a wide-spectrum natural antimicrobial agent that applies to patented wound dressings with broadapplications. Today, AgO -NWs have attracted attention in Biophotonic Sensor. Here, AgO-NWs used to asantimicrobial agent against common infecting pathogenic microbes E-coli. The results demonstrated that theAgO-NWs against pathogenic bacterial organisms, they have possible antimicrobial activity and could beregarded as an alternative antibacterial agent.
Correlation of High sensitivity C-reactive Protein Levels with Body Mass Index in a Group of Adults in Erbil City
Authors: Salam Naser Zangana  , Namir G Al-Tawil  , Suhad Ali Khazaal
Published: September 2021

Background and Objectives: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing worldwide. Obesityis related to morbidity and mortality. High sensitivity C - reactive protein (hs-CRP) is an importantinflammatory marker to predict cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to correlate between hs-CRP levelsand BMI among healthy adults.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 healthy adults from May 2019 toOctober 2019. The study population was divided into four groups based on BMI; normal, overweight, obeseI, and obese II. Hs-CRP level was measured in all groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was done tofind out the independent factors affecting hs-CRP.Results: Out of 200 participants, 56 (28%) had normal BMI, 43(21.5%) were overweight, 57(28.5%) wereobese group I and 44 (22%) were obese group II. The mean hs-CRP of the normal weight and overweightparticipants was 1.03 mg/dl and 1.37 mg/dl respectively (p= 0.725), then there was a marked increase to3.75 mg/dl and 7.69 mg/dl among the obese I and obese II participants respectively (p < 0.001). A positivesignificant correlation was found between the hs-CRP levels and the BMI (r = 0.436, p < 0.001). The onlyfactor that was independently associated with the high hs-CRP was the BMI (B = 0.357, p < 0.001).Conclusion: Rising BMI was significantly correlated with hs-CRP. The higher the BMI, the higher willbe plasma hs-CRP levels, suggesting the presence of chronic systemic inflammation which might lead tocardiovascular events in the future.
Effect of 410 nm Diode Laser Irradiation on Human Sperm Motility in Vitro
Authors: Sama E. Mohammed  , Layla M.H. Al-ameri
Published: September 2021

Background: Infertility can be defined asan absence of pregnancy after 12 months of regular unprotectedsexual intercourse,the most important of the sperm function disorders are reduced sperm motility(asthenospermia). Photobiomodulation have an effect on the decrease of the sperm disorder. Materialsand Methods: Diode laser with wavelength of 410nm was used to induce the sperm motility in anasthenozoospermia human seminal fluid in vitro,20 fresh seminal fluids samples were used in this study andeach sample was divided into two parts, one of them non-irradiated by laser light (control) and the other wasexposed to laser irradiation with exposure time of 30 secondsof 410nm diode laser with 0.67 W/cm2, powerdensity. Results: Progressive motility was significantly increase while non- progressive motility was nonsignificantly increased and the immotile spermswere significantly decreased at 5 min following irradiationcompared to non-irradiated samples,while at 15,30,45 minfollowing irradiation begin to decreased. Wefound that low power laser could induce a short term bio stimulation effect on sperm motility
The Regularity of Antenatal Care through Knowledge of Pregnant Women and Support from Husbands
Authors: Sendy Ayu Mitra Uktutias  , Ade Ayu Mitra Ramadita Daluas  , Sri Iswati  , Cholichul Hadi
Published: September 2021

Pregnant women’s knowledge and husband’s support are factors that influence antenatal care regularity. Thisstudy aims to analyze the effect of knowledge of pregnant women and husband’s support on antenatal careregularity. This study a cross-sectional design and was conducted on 38 pregnant women as respondentsusing linear regression statistical tests. The result showed that there was an effect of knowledge of pregnantwomen and the husband’s support on the regularity of antenatal care. The better the knowledge of pregnantwomen about their pregnancy and the higher the support of their husbands will have an impact on theregularity of antenatal care. The implication of this research is for midwives who are at the forefront ofempowering cadres and providing health education to pregnant women and husbands about the importanceof regular antenatal care. Also, midwives need to improve competence through midwifery training efforts.
Surrogacy as an Alternative for Depressive Infertile Couples
Authors: Shyamantak Misra  , Prafulla Chandra Mishra
Published: September 2021

This piece of work aims to provide a clear picture of the available alternatives to the intending infertilecouples and how far surrogacy is acceptable as an alternative to the prolonged infertility treatments thatultimately lead to depression symptoms like anxiety and other expressed emotional patterns. It’s a bestowedpower on women to cherish the experience of motherhood but unfortunately not all the women are luckyenough to conceive and enjoy the joyous feeling of being a mother and experiencing motherhood. It’susually a dubious decision to make for the intending infertile couples whether to continues with the infertilitytreatments to have a child of their own or opt for an alternative like Surrogacy or Adoption. This article statesthe need of taking up an alternative before it’s too late and emphasizes on the reasons for taking up surrogacyas an alternative above the other available ones and also mentions the reasons why couples do not opt forsurrogacy so that one takes care of the same while choosing the same. The procedure to be followed by suchcouples while selecting this alternative has also been stated so that they find themselves in a better positionthan the once suffering to get through.
Surrogate Motherhood: Challenges and Legal Implications
Authors: Shyamantak Misra  , Prafulla Chandra Mishra
Published: September 2021

Surrogacy wasn’t a commonly used term until the 21st century, it came up with the rising level of infertilityin couples and the stringent procedure of compliance for adoption. Surrogacy has always been the choice ofcouples for whom genetic link is of utmost importance. At a point of time the rate of commercial surrogacywas at its peak which leads to several issues and challenges that needs to be treated on an urgent basis andobviously an enactment to guide alongside which isn’t present till date in India. However, after the passingof the Surrogacy Regulation Bill 2019 in the Lok Sabha, a hope for betterment has arose. This piece of studyshowcases the challenges faced since time immemorial relating to Surrogacy and how it was being tackledwith, without any legislation being present in India. It also stresses on the key points of the upcoming billof 2019 and how it would prove to be a turning point for the commercial world that developed due to theSurrogacy in India.
Phylogenetic Analysis Related to Hepatitis B Virus based on Region Surfaces in Tuban, East Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Supiana Dian Nurtjahyani  , Retno Handajani
Published: September 2021

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a virus cause liver disease. This virus could be transmitted through blood product,and it becomes the major problems in developing countries. Genotype distribution of HBV depends ongeographical characteristics. Here, we reported HBV genotyping analysis of blood donors with positiveHepatitis Surface Antigen (HbsAg) at Indonesian Red Cross Foundation in Tuban, East Java. Total 150sera were collected from blood donors at Indonesian Red Cross Foundation in Tuban, East Java. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was conducted by PRISM®HBsAg kit (ABBOTT) according tothe manufacture’s instruction, to determine sample that has positive HbsAg. The genotyping analysis wasdone using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing method from 12 samples. Genetyx ver.10 softwarewas used for identification of HBV type. Analysis of HBV genotype revealed three different types of HBV.HBV type B was the major HBV (50%). Interestingly, there was one unidentified HBV type suggested as anovel subtype of HBV. Further genotyping analysis is needed to confirm novelty of the unidentified HBVtype. Analysis of HBV genotype revealed three different types of HBV. HBV type B was the major HBV(50%). Interestingly, there was one unidentified HBV type suggested as a novel subtype of HBV. Furthergenotyping analysis is needed to confirm novelty of the unidentified HBV type. This study was the firstevidence of blood donor’s genotyping analysis in Tuban.
Management of Patient With Caustic Ingestion Injury: A Case Report
Authors: Supriadi  , Budi Widodo  , Brinna Anindita
Published: September 2021

The ingestion of caustic substances, both accidental and voluntary, determines a complex syndrome,characterized by severe, often irreversible, visceral lesions, with still remarkable mortality in highlycompromised patients. Al36-year-old woman came to Emergency-Room with the chief complaints ofblackish vomiting about 4ltimes after drinking liquid to clean the bathroom floor. Patients with findings ofgrade 2B esophageal injury, pangastritis and gastric ulcer on endoscopy have high the risk of perforationand complications. Endoscopy done within 12lhours and no later than 24lhours following caustic ingestionto classify mucosal injury subsequent to caustic ingestion is useful to determine the severity of injury,particularly in suicidal cases, and thus helpful in predicting outcomes. Patient threat with rehydration withnormal saline, total parenteral nutrition, pump omeprazole, injection of methylprednisolone, antibiotic,and sucralfate. Consultation with the Psychiatry department has been conducted psychoeducation andpsychotherapy.
TECHNOLOGY TO INCREASE THE MANAGEMENT COMPETENCE OF FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS
Authors:   Phd Student, Tashkent State Pedagogical University Named After Nizami Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Qodirova Feruza Damirovna
Published: September 2021

The concept of management competence is a topical issue from a scientific point of view. This article discusses management competence, its components, the functions of management competence and how to form this competence in primary school teachers.
POTENTIAL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE LESSONS IN THE FORMATION OF SOCIALLY ACTIVE CIVIL COMPETENCE IN STUDENTS
Authors:   Researcher Karakalpak State University Named After Berdakh, Uzbekistan, Jaliev Turdibay
Published: September 2021

The article describes the work on the formation of socially active civic competence. The process of assimilation and understanding by students of the concept of citizenship depends on the degree of their involvement in cognitive and socially useful activities. Students who have a fairly complete understanding of civic competence often do not see the possibilities of applying this quality in life, where their intervention and assistance is most needed. To solve the set tasks, a technology for the formation of socially active civic competence is proposed.
FOOTBALL AS A MEANS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Authors:   Lecturer, Chirchik State Pedagogical Institute Of Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan, Abdullaeva Barno Pulatovna
Published: September 2021

This article discusses the effective teaching of football sports in the physical development of preschool children. Additionally, it is mentioned that, football exercises not only have a healthy effect on their healthy growth and development, but also on the leg and arm muscles of children in motion. And exercises that encourage children to move with the ball were also kept in mind.
APPROACHES OF MATHEMATICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL SCIENTISTS IN THE TEACHING OF TEXTUAL PROBLEMS IN GENERAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Authors:   Teacher, Department Of Primary Education, Chirchik State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan, Kuzmanova Gulhayo Bahodirovna
Published: September 2021

The article focuses on the educational significance of mathematical and pedagogical scientists of Europe, the CIS and our country, problem-solving methods, techniques, problems in improving the methods of teaching textual problems in secondary schools, the implementation of measures.
UPBRINGING AS A PROCESS IN PRIMARY EDUCATION
Authors:   Teacher, Department “Primary Education”, Chirchik State Pedagogical Institute Of Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan, Umarova Zukhra
Published: September 2021

The article analyzes the foundations and processes of upbringing in primary education and provides guidelines on this issue.
Desarrollo metodológico para la optimización del coste eléctrico en fábricas de cemento, mediante inteligencia artificial, operando sobre coste eléctrico del mercado
Authors: Parejo-Guzmán Manuel , Navarrete-Rubia Benito , Mora-Peris Pedro , Alfalla-Luque Rafaela
Published: September 2021

Las fábricas de cemento presentan importantes consumos energéticos: el 70 % del coste variable se dedica a energía -33 % térmica y 37% eléctrica-. Este trabajo supone la segunda fase de una investigación para optimizar el coste eléctrico en cementeras mediante técnicas de inteligencia artificial. Tras una revisión sistemática de la literatura, encuestas y panel de expertos a un total de 42 profesionales del sector (primera fase), se ha desarrollado una metodología para optimizar la compra de electricidad. Para ello se propone el uso de Redes Neuronales Artificiales y del algoritmo Backpropagation, de cara a predecir el precio eléctrico spot.
Synthesis of phenanthridines via a novel photochemically-mediated cyclization and application to the synthesis of triphaeridine
Authors: Ntsimango Songeziwe , Ngwira Kennedy J , Bode Moira L , de Koning Charles B
Published: September 2021

Readily synthesized biphenyl-2-carbaldehyde O-acetyl oximes were exposed to UV radiation affording phenanthridines. The scope and limitations of this novel reaction were explored. For example, exposure of 2',3'-dimethoxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carbaldehyde O-acetyl oxime to UV radiation afforded 4-methoxyphenanthridine in 54% yield. This methodology was applied to the synthesis of trisphaeridine to afford the product in four linear steps in an overall yield of 6.5% from 1-bromo-2,4,5-trimethoxybenzene.
How to Guarantee Food Safety via Grain Storage? An Approach to Improve Management Effectiveness by Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Wang Jin , Jiang Youjun , Li Li , Yang Chao , Li Ke , Lan Xueping , Zhang Yuchong , Chen Jinying
Published: September 2021

The purpose of grain storage management is to dynamically analyze the quality change of the reserved grains, adopt scientific and effective management methods to delay the speed of the quality deterioration, and reduce the loss rate during storage. At present, the supervision of the grain quality in the reserve mainly depends on the periodic measurements of the quality of the grains and the milled products. The data obtained by the above approach is accurate and reliable, but the workload is too large while the frequency is high. The obtained conclusions are also limited to the studied area and not applicable to be extended into other scenarios. Therefore, there is an urgent need of a general method that can quickly predict the quality of grains given different species, regions and storage periods based on historical data. In this study, we introduced Back-Propagation (BP) neural network algorithm and support vector machine algorithm into the quality prediction of the reserved grains. We used quality index, temperature and humidity data to build both an intertemporal prediction model and a synchronous prediction model. The results show that the BP neural network based on the storage characters from the first three periods can accurately predict the key storage characters intertemporally. The support vector machine can provide precise predictions of the key storage characters synchronously. The average predictive error for each of wheat, rice and corn is less than 15%, while the one for soybean is about 20%, all of which can meet the practical demands. In conclusion, the machine learning algorithms are helpful to improve the management effectiveness of grain storage.
Research Progress on Association between Early-Life Exposure to Phthalates and Childhood Asthma
Authors: Rong-Hui-Nan Zhang
Published: September 2021

Phthalates (Phthalic acid esters, PAEs) as a common industrial products, a growing body of scientific evidences indicate that exposure to PAEs in early life has a potential harmful effect on the growth and development of organisms in later life, among these hazards, exposure to PAEs widely may increase the risk of asthma in children, which has attracted more and more attention. This article introduced the reasons and effects of PAEs exposure in early life, the relationships between early-life PAEs exposure and childhood asthma from the perspectives of epidemiological and animal studies and the underlying mechanisms of action.
Incidence and Costs of Hypoglycemia among Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Turkey
Authors: Fidan Cihan , Salgur Funda , Efe Kul Ozdemir , Bozkus Yusuf , Eminsoy Gokhan , Sozen Fisun , Kut Altug , Oksuz Ergun
Published: September 2021

We aimed to determine the lifetime and one-year incidence of hypoglycemia in adults who had been treated following a diagnosis of Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), the factors that affected this incidence, and its effect on the use of health care resources. The descriptive cross-sectional cost study included adult T2DM patients who had an outpatient examination. Using a face-to-face interview method, patients were required to complete a questionnaire containing questions about sociodemographic characteristics, T2DM diagnosis and treatment features, and hypoglycemia events. Episode treatment costs of the patients in whom hypoglycemia was observed were calculated as direct cost per episode from the payer perspective. The mean age of the patients (n = 220) was 48.1 ± 11.8 (range 26-79) years, and the mean duration of disease was 4.5 ± 3.0 (range 1-16) years. According to treatment modalities, the frequency of hypoglycemia in the last year was 4.7% in the patients receiving oral antidiabetic drugs and 32.7% in the patients using insulin. In addition, 61.9% of the patients who had a hypoglycemic event in the last year presented to hospital, and 57.7% of these patients were hospitalized because of the hypoglycemic event. The incidence of hypoglycemia was 18 episodes of hypoglycemia per 100 patient years for T2DM patients and 25 severe hypoglycemia episodes per 100 patient years for patients using insulin. Significant predictors of hypoglycemia included insulin therapy (p = 0.000), regular use of medications (p = 0.013), hospitalization in the last year (p = 0.008), and exercise (p = 0.042). The average cost of a hypoglycemic event was calculated as Purchasing Power Parity İn Dollars ($PPP) 1.370.2 ± 1.407.0 (149.8-5,048.8). T2DM complications are the cause of a high economic burden. Hypoglycemia, which is one of these complications, is observed more frequently in patients who receive insulin therapy, who use regular medication, who do not exercise regularly, and who have been hospitalized in the last year.
Prevention of Opioid Addiction
Authors: Ihezie Stephanie A , Dafny Nachum
Published: September 2021

Opioid addiction is classified as a Substance Use Disorder (SUD), a complex and chronic health condition with physical, social, and psychological consequences. While there is no cure for it, we present a novel approach towards preventing a hallmark feature of addiction-- the opiate withdrawal syndrome. Opioids exert numerous effects, acutely and chronically, on the nervous system with physical dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal being the most adverse chronic features. The degree of opioid dependence can be quantified by the frequency and/or intensity of the behavioral expression of withdrawal seen after abrupt termination of opioid consumption or after treatment with an opioid antagonist such as naloxone. Although the Central Nervous System (CNS) is the primary area of opioid impact, the involvement of the immune system in modifying CNS phenomena was suggested nearly two centuries ago and proved by several groups within the last few decades. Through a series of studies with immunomodulators alpha interferon, cyclosporine A, and cortisol, preclinical experiments show that administration of these agents prior to chronic morphine exposure prevents the expression of opiate withdrawal a hallmark feature of addiction. This review provides updates on current developments in the management of the opioid epidemic and an overview of studies on preventative immunomodulation prior to repetitive opioid administration as a means of addressing one of the underlying symptomatology driving the epidemic.
Competing Catholic Views on Private Property and Free Enterprise
Authors: Fleming Tiffany ,   Pacific-Gulf Marine, Inc.,   Loyola University New Orleans
Published: September 2021

The present paper demonstrates that there was a sea change of opinion amongst Catholic theologians, in general, and Jesuits in particular, on the issues of private property, economic regulation of the economy and free enterprise. The earlier members of this Order, stemming from the School of Salamanca in the 16th century at the time of the founding of the Society of Jesus, in the main favored economic freedom; their modern successors, with some minor exceptions, take the opposite point of view. Several hypotheses to account for this phenomenon are then raised and discussed.
Push and Pull Factors of Migration
Authors: Parkins Natasha C.
Published: September 2021

Peoples of the Caribbean in general, and Jamaicans in particular, have always been a migratory people. However, over the last 30 years, the emigration rates have increased substantially, with alarming rates in particular, of highly skilled individuals. There are four major factors which emerged in this study and influence this phenomenon: 1. Crime, violence, lawlessness and general societal indiscipline, 2. Occupation and skill mismatch, 3. Lack of economic opportunities, and 4. Lack of social opportunities. This study suggests that both the direct and indirect effects of crime in general and violent crimes in particular, combined with suitable employment for the migrant’s skill set, have forced some members of Jamaica’s professional class to gravitate towards First World countries, taking their skill set which their home country has financed. This places their host country in an advantageous position as these skills contribute to that country’s development and growth. In return, such countries offer migrants secure economic (e.g., skill-career match and ability to afford their desired lifestyle) and social opportunities (e.g., desired health care) currently unavailable in the country of origin.
The Political Economy of ‘Race’ and Class in Canada’s Caribbean Diaspora
Authors: Allahar Anton
Published: September 2021

While there are over 500,000 people in Canada who claim Caribbean origins or descent, they do not automatically constitute a Caribbean ‘community’ or a Caribbean diaspora. The Caribbean diaspora in Canada, often confused with something called a “black diaspora,” is smaller, more homogeneous in class terms, more racialized and more concentrated in certain neighborhoods. Because of the advantages that accrue to capital from having a pliable workforce that will eagerly accept low wages and less than ideal working conditions, it is important to have a diaspora to which capital can go in times of labor need; at the same time, given their powerlessness, the flexibility of such a workforce guarantees that such workers can be easily dismissed during economic downswings. In all of this “race,” racism and racialization play a key role, and came to a head when community leaders and parents were successful in launching a black-focused school in Toronto. At the end of the day, however, the class affiliation of members of the diaspora is clearly distinct from that of the more economically successful and occupationally mobile CaribbeanCanadians, whose social class, educational and residential locations separate them from their diasporic countrymen and countrywomen.
Experiencing Difference, Seeking Community: Racial, Panethnic, and National Identities Among Female Caribbean-Born U.S. College Students
Authors: McFarlane Tracy A.
Published: September 2021

Multiple, intersecting sites of social identification provide communities in which Caribbean-born women in U.S. colleges may claim membership, while simultaneously indicating social markers of difference. Data from focus groups conducted at two NYC colleges show how social sites of race, nationality, and panethnicity shape identity and exclusion for these participants and how this identification impacts their psychological well-being and the pursuit of their goals. The findings illustrate the complexity of cross-cultural adjustment within social contexts and emphasize the effects of intersecting social identities on personal and interpersonal experiences. The evidence of exclusion underscores the challenges to full citizenship for Caribbean immigrant women in U.S. colleges. However, the sites of belonging identified in this data have relevance for enhancing Caribbean immigrant women’s cross-cultural adjustment, their experience of community, and ultimately, their full participation in the political economy of their sending countries and that of the Unites States. These findings indicate the importance of extending U.S. higher education’s response to foreign-born female students. This paper invites the reader to consider the impact of exclusion and belonging on Caribbean immigrant women’s higher education experience and hence, their potential for involvement in the transnational production, exchange and distribution of wealth.