bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selectivity comparison of acetonitrile‐methanol‐water ternary mobile phases on an octadecylsiloxane‐bonded silica stationary phase
Authors: Atapattu Sanka N.
Published: October 2023

The solvation parameter model was used in this study to investigate various intermolecular interactions that influence retention on the standard C18 stationary phase for the solvent system acetonitrile:methanol (ACN:MeOH, 1:1). In comparison to the organic mobile phase modifiers acetonitrile, acetone, methanol, 2‐propanol, and tetrahydrofuran, the solvent strength for the ACN:MeOH (1:1) solvent system was evaluated. To facilitate the interpretation of various intermolecular interactions that contribute to retention on a standard C18 stationary phase for the solvent system ACN:MeOH (1:1), system maps were constructed and compared with those of acetone, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, 2‐propanol, and methanol. The solvation parameter models were constructed for the ternary solvent system ACN:MeOH (1:1)‐water, and in the models constructed, the coefficient of determination values were from 0.998 to 0.999, the Fisher statistic values for the models were from 1687 to 4015, and the standard error of the estimate values ranged from 0.022 to 0.029. The solvent system ACN:MeOH (1:1) has retention properties more similar to methanol than acetonitrile, indicating methanol's influence is more dominant.
Mark–recapture surveys affect nest site fidelity but not reproductive timing of male Smallmouth Bass
Authors: Stegens Erica , Wiegmann Daniel D. , Angeloni Lisa M. , Baylis Jeffrey R. , Laroche Robert A. S. , Newman Steven P. , Egan Scott P. , Sass Greg G. , Weinersmith Kelly L.
Published: October 2023

Objective

Fish population surveys in north-temperate lakes are often conducted in the fall or spring when individuals are easy to capture with traditional fisheries techniques. Because some fishes are preparing to spawn or are spawning during these seasons, there is a critical need to better understand the potential influences of these surveys on decisions that are related to fish reproduction.

Methods

We tested whether spring mark–recapture surveys using fyke nets followed by electrofishing affect the reproductive behaviors of male Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu in a northern Wisconsin lake. Fyke netting, electrofishing, and whole-lake nest snorkeling surveys were conducted during 2001–2008, and Floy-tagged males were tracked across years to test whether capture in the fyke nets only or capture in the electrofishing survey influenced interyear nest site fidelity and reproductive timing.

Result

The mark–recapture surveys were conducted preceding the spawning of Smallmouth Bass, and returning males that were caught in the electrofishing survey nested ~50 m farther from their prior year's nest than both males that were captured only in fyke nets and males that were captured by neither method. Average interyear nest distances were ~200 m, and median interyear nest distances were ~90 m for males that were not captured in the electrofishing survey. Electrofishing and fyke netting did not influence the timing of reproduction.

Conclusion

Spring electrofishing surveys for Smallmouth Bass have the potential to displace breeding males from preferred nesting habitats. If displacement negatively influences fitness (i.e., age-0 survivorship to maturation), spring electrofishing surveys would not be recommended for assessing Smallmouth Bass populations. However, spring population surveys often occur soon after ice off, and surveys that are conducted at these colder temperatures are typically less stressful and less likely to result in mortality. Future research should test for fitness implications of reduced nest site fidelity following electrofishing in Smallmouth Bass while considering potential fitness trade-offs if surveys are moved later in the year.
Optimization of the alkali treatment on the tempo‐modified cellulosic nanoreinforcement in autoclaved epoxy matrix
Authors: Mishra Kajal , Sinha Shishir
Published: October 2023

Investigators increased interest in composites with novel natural fibers beholds significant progress globally over the past decade. Moringa oleifera seed filler is among the few newly known novel fiber‐rich in cellulose and meagrely used in commercial industries. This research article used a broad characterization of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine 1‐oxyl (TEMPO)‐modified Moringa oleifera cellulosic nanoreinforcement/epoxy composites to verify its potential as a feasible substitute for synthetic fibers in polymer composites. Composites were fabricated at a fixed filler size of 300–500 nm with a loading of 15 wt% untreated and alkali‐treated composites through the two processes: hand lay‐up followed by autoclave curing. The properties, such as, static and dynamic mechanical properties and thermal stability, have been studied for untreated and treated composites. Composites with 5 wt% alkali treatment TEMPO‐modified nano‐cellulosic filler (TMCF) loading possesses superior water resistance, interfacial surface chemistry, and mechanical property compared to autoclaved epoxy and the untreated composite. Four isoconversional methods, Friedman, Coats‐Redfern, Broido, and Kissinger, were utilized to investigate the degradation behavior and kinetic parameters like activation energy of composites. Composites that have been 5 wt% mercerized exhibit greater thermal resilience and activation energy of 250 kJ/mol, which is 20% greater than the untreated sample. This study validates the 5 wt% alkali treated TMCF as a novel sustainable and bio‐reinforcement in polymer composite for semi‐structural applications.
Discovery and verification of anti‐inflammatory‐related quality markers in the aerial part of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium by UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS and in RAW 264.7 cells and a zebrafish model
Authors: Li Su‐Nan , Bing Yi‐Fan , Wu Shuang , Luo Long‐Tan , Sun Zhi‐Wei , Li Wen‐Lan , Qu Zhong‐Yuan , Zou Xiang
Published: October 2023

Introduction

The root of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. (BS) is officially recognized in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. In contrast, the aerial part of BS (ABS), accounting for 80% of BS, is typically discarded, causing potential waste of medicinal resources. ABS has shown benefits in the treatment of inflammation‐related diseases in China and Spain, and the material basis underlying its anti‐inflammatory effects must be systematically elucidated for the rational use of ABS.

Objective

We aimed to screen and validate the anti‐inflammatory quality markers (Q‐markers) of ABS and to confirm the ideal time for ABS harvesting.

Methods

The chemical components and anti‐inflammatory effects of ABS from 10 extracted parts were analyzed by UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS and in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced cell model. Anti‐inflammatory substances were screened by Pearson bivariate analysis and gray correlation analysis, and the anti‐inflammatory effects were verified in a zebrafish tail‐cutting inflammation model. HPLC was applied to measure the Q‐marker contents of ABS in different harvesting periods.

Results

Ten ABS extracts effectively alleviated the increase in LPS‐induced proinflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 cells. Forty components were identified from them, among which 27 were common components. Eight components were correlated with anti‐inflammatory effects, which were confirmed to reverse the expression of proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory factors in a zebrafish model. Chlorogenic acid, hypericin, rutin, quercetin, and isorhamnetin can be detected by HPLC, and the maximum contents of these five Q‐markers were obtained in the sample harvested in August.

Conclusion

The anti‐inflammatory Q‐markers of ABS were elucidated by chromatographic‐pharmacodynamic‐stoichiometric analysis, which served as a crucial basis for ABS quality control.
Personality disorders in older adults: Differences in self‐informant ratings
Authors: Penders Krystle A. P. , Rossi Gina , Debast Inge , Segal Daniel L. , Peeters Inge G. P. , Metsemakers Job F. M. , van Alphen Sebastiaan P. J.
Published: October 2023

Previous research on self‐informant reports in assessing personality disorders (PDs) has been mainly focused on adults, leaving older adults under‐studied. We examined self‐informant agreement in PD screening among older adults (≥60 years) using the Gerontological Personality disorders Scale (GPS). Potential differences such as who reports more personality pathology on a PD screener (i.e., GPS), item accessibility and the effect of relational aspects were studied as well. Data of 326 older adult‐informant dyads, of which the older adults were sampled from five general practices in the Netherlands, were used. Results indicate that self‐informant agreement ranged from r = 0.26–0.73, with lower concordance on the GPS‐subscale measuring intrapersonal aspects of personality pathology. Informants were more sensitive to habitual pathological personality features than older adults. Two GPS items showed differential item functioning across self‐ and informant‐report. Of relational aspects, only congeniality affected the GPS‐iv scores; lower ratings on congeniality were associated with higher GPS‐iv scores (i.e., higher reporting of personality problems).
TopDownApp: An open and modular platform for analysis and visualisation of top‐down proteomics data
Authors: Walzer Mathias , Jeong Kyowon , Tabb David L. , Vizcaíno Juan Antonio
Published: October 2023

Although Top‐down (TD) proteomics techniques, aimed at the analysis of intact proteins and proteoforms, are becoming increasingly popular, efforts are needed at different levels to generalise their adoption. In this context, there are numerous improvements that are possible in the area of open science practices, including a greater application of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) data principles. These include, for example, increased data sharing practices and readily available open data standards. Additionally, the field would benefit from the development of open data analysis workflows that can enable data reuse of public datasets, something that is increasingly common in other proteomics fields.
Oxidation of lactate to pyruvate mediates the cytotoxic potential of physical plasma‐treated saline solutions in ovarian cancer
Authors: Bucci Cristiana , Tampieri Francesco , Mateu‐Sanz Miguel , Laurita Romolo , Colombo Vittorio , Canal Cristina
Published: October 2023

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most common type of gynecological tumor, presenting poor prognosis at diagnosis and with recurrences being frequently observed. Reactive species generated by physical plasma and transferred into liquids have shown promising results in cancer therapy. Recently, Ringer's lactate solution was exposed to plasma showing selective anticancer activity on EOC cells. In this work, we compared the effect of plasma treatment, using the kINPen plasma jet, on Ringer's saline and Ringer's lactate solution. These two plasma‐treated liquids were analyzed chemically by quantifying reactive species and the extent of lactate oxidation. The biological efficiency of the plasma‐treated liquids was explored in EOC cells. The results show that lactate is affected by plasma treatment, displaying a reduction of cytotoxic potential.
Evaluation of regional lung mass and growth in neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia using ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Giltmier Andrew J. , Higano Nara S. , Woods Jason C. , Kingma Paul S.
Published: October 2023

Rationale

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common long term pulmonary morbidity in premature infants and is characterized by impaired lung growth and development. We hypothesized that lung mass growth is a critical factor in determining outcomes in infants with BPD.

Objectives

To measure regional lung density and mass in infants with BPD and compare to clinical variables.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of neonates (n = 5 controls, n = 46 with BPD). Lung mass and lung density were calculated using ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Measurements and Main Results

Lung mass increased with increasing corrected gestational age at the time of MRI in all patients. Total, right, and left lung mass in infants with BPD trended higher than control infants (65.7 vs. 49.9 g, 36.2 vs. 26.8 g, 29.5 vs. 23.1 g, respectively). Babies with BPD who survived to discharge had higher relative lung mass than control infants and infants with BPD that did not survive to discharge (21.6 vs. 15.7 g/kg, p = .01). There was a significant association between the rate of lung mass growth and linear growth at the time of MRI (p = .034).

Conclusions

Infants with BPD are capable of building lung mass over time. While this lung mass growth in infants with BPD may not represent fully functional lung tissue, higher lung mass growth is associated with increased linear growth.
Unveiling the Remarkable Potential of Geopolymer‐Based Materials by Harnessing Manganese Dioxide Incorporation
Authors: Cai Jingming , Yuan Yujin , Xi Xiang , Ukrainczyk Neven , Pan Lin , Wang Yifeng , Pan Jinlong
Published: October 2023

Thermoelectric (TE) building materials have the potential to revolutionize sustainable architecture by converting temperature differences into electrical energy. This study introduces geopolymeric TE materials enhanced with manganese dioxide (MnO2) as a modifying agent. Calorimetric experiments examine the impact of MnO2 on geopolymerization. Mechanical tests show that adding MnO2 (up to 5% by weight) improves the geopolymer composite's strength, achieving a peak compressive strength of 36.8 MPa. The Seebeck effect of the MnO2‐modified geopolymeric composite is also studied. The inclusion of MnO2 boosts the Seebeck coefficient of the geopolymer, reaching a notable 4273 µV C−1 at a 5% MnO2 dosage. This enhancement is attributed to an increase in the density of states (DOS) and a reduction in relaxation time. However, excessive MnO2 or high alkali levels may adversely affect the Seebeck coefficient by lengthening the relaxation time.
Fundamentals and Recent Progress in Magnetic Field Assisted CO2 Capture and Conversion
Authors: Zhong Siyi , Guo Xiaolin , Zhou Ang , Chen Zi'ang , Jin Dingfeng , Fan Meiqiang , Ma Tingli
Published: October 2023

CO2 capture and conversion technology are highly promising technologies that definitely play a part in the journey towards carbon neutrality. Releasing CO2 by mild stimulation and the development of high efficiency catalytic processes are urgently needed. The magnetic field, as a thermodynamic parameter independent of temperature and pressure, is vital in the enhancement of CO2 capture and conversion process. In this review, the recent progress of magnetic field‐enhanced CO2 capture and conversion is comprehensively summarized. The theoretical fundamentals of magnetic field on CO2 adsorption, release and catalytic reduction process are discussed, including the magnetothermal, magnetohydrodynamic, spin selection, Lorentz forces, magnetoresistance and spin relaxation effects. Additionally, a thorough review of the current progress of the enhancement strategies of magnetic field coupled with a variety of fields (including thermal, electricity, and light) is summarized in the aspect of CO2 related process. Finally, the challenges and prospects associated with the utilization of magnetic field‐assisted techniques in the construction of CO2 capture and conversion systems are proposed. This review offers a reference value for the future design of catalysts, mechanistic investigations, and practical implementation for magnetic field enhanced CO2 capture and conversion.
A Review on Measurement Techniques of Deformation‐Induced Transformation Kinetics in Transformation‐Induced Plasticity and Transformation‐Induced Plasticity‐Assisted Steels
Authors: Tiwari Priya , Varshney Abhinav
Published: October 2023

Deformation‐induced austenite‐to‐martensite transformation is an important phenomenon that controls the flow behavior of transformation‐induced‐plasticity (TRIP) and TRIP‐assisted steels. Transformation kinetics and triggering strain are important parameters that need to be known during transformation. Both these parameters can be correctly determined by an accurate quantitative assessment of the austenite during deformation. Herein, both in situ and ex situ measurement techniques used for quantitative assessment of austenite during/after tensile deformation of the TRIP and TRIP‐assisted steels are reviewed. A comparison of various techniques such as X‐ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, Mossbauer spectroscopy, and DC/AC magnetic permeability is presented. Due to limited penetration power of the radiations, difficult access, and difficulty in setting up the measurement facility for the in situ measurements, X‐ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, and Mossbauer spectroscopy techniques do not yield accurate quantitative results and are time‐consuming. It is envisaged that an accurate quantitative assessment of austenite from the bulk of TRIP and TRIP‐assisted steel specimens is possible with magnetic permeability measurement techniques. Real‐time quantitative assessments can be made by measuring changes in the magnetic permeability due to changes in the ferromagnetic content during deformation. magnetic permeability measurements require extensive calibration for the accurate measurement of the phases during deformation of the steel.
Unravelling the mechanisms behind oxidative transformations of vivianite and parasymplesite into previously not recognized materials with unexpected oxidation states of iron – a systematic review
Authors: Henkel Gerald
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we describe the mechanisms behind the oxidative transformation of vivianite and parasymplesite into formerly not recognized materials that could prove to be novel players in, for example, water splitting or alkali metal intercalation reactions. Based on a sophisticated interpretation of hydrogen‐bonded networks, we were able to identify those phases that have erroneously been classified and to present the crystalline end‐members of the corresponding oxidation chains.
Practical Tips
Authors: Reinders James , Ashbaugh Ben , Brodman James , Kinsner Michael , Pennycook John , Tian Xinmin
Published: October 2023

Chapter 13 is filled with miscellaneous useful information, practical tips, advice, and techniques that have proven useful when programming C++ with SYCL. It provides insight into how SYCL compilers work and how they can target multiple architectures, and advice for profiling and debugging SYCL applications.
Programming for CPUs
Authors: Reinders James , Ashbaugh Ben , Brodman James , Kinsner Michael , Pennycook John , Tian Xinmin
Published: October 2023

As kernel programming is generalized, it is important to understand how the kernel programming style affects the mapping of our code to a CPU. Chapter 16 describes tips and techniques to keep in mind when we are writing and optimizing parallel kernels for a CPU.
Where Code Executes
Authors: Reinders James , Ashbaugh Ben , Brodman James , Kinsner Michael , Pennycook John , Tian Xinmin
Published: October 2023

C++ with SYCL provides a framework for heterogeneous programming in which code can execute on a combination of a host CPU and one or more devices. Chapter 2 describes the mechanisms that determine where code can execute and when.
Backend Interoperability
Authors: Reinders James , Ashbaugh Ben , Brodman James , Kinsner Michael , Pennycook John , Tian Xinmin
Published: October 2023

Chapter 20 describes backend interoperability, a SYCL feature that can be used to incrementally add SYCL to an application that is already using other data-parallel techniques or APIs, or to use other data-parallel APIs directly from our SYCL applications.
Migrating CUDA Code
Authors: Reinders James , Ashbaugh Ben , Brodman James , Kinsner Michael , Pennycook John , Tian Xinmin
Published: October 2023

Chapter 21 describes terminology, concepts, techniques, and tools to keep in mind when migrating CUDA code to C++ with SYCL. It describes places where CUDA and SYCL are similar, where CUDA and SYCL are subtly different, and tools that can help automate the migration process.
Data Management
Authors: Reinders James , Ashbaugh Ben , Brodman James , Kinsner Michael , Pennycook John , Tian Xinmin
Published: October 2023

Chapter 3 discusses methods to manage data in our quest to exploit data parallelism for performance gains. It introduces Unified Shared Memory (USM) and the higher-level buffer abstraction and explores when to use each method to manage the data in our accelerated programs.
Unified Shared Memory
Authors: Reinders James , Ashbaugh Ben , Brodman James , Kinsner Michael , Pennycook John , Tian Xinmin
Published: October 2023

Chapter 6 discusses Unified Shared Memory (USM) in detail. USM is a pointer-based strategy for data management. This chapter describes the three types of USM allocations, how to allocate and deallocate USM memory, and how different types of USM data movement can be explicitly in our applications or implicitly controlled by the system.
Introduction
Authors: Feldman Moshe , Levy Avraham A.
Published: October 2023

The chapter presents topics that will be further detailed within the book such as origin of wheat, identification of its wild progenitors, processes leading to its domestication, and evolution under cultivation. These topics have been the object of extensive botanical, genetic, cytogenetic, molecular, and evolutionary studies, most of which are reviewed in the book. Given that only a small number of wild genotypes were selected for domestication, the genetic basis of domesticated wheat is relatively narrow, representing only a fraction of the large genetic variation that exist in its wild relatives, comprising most of the species of the tribe Triticeae of the grass family. The chapter describes this vast genetic resource that contains numerous economically important genes that can be exploited for the improvement of domesticated wheat.
Triticum L.
Authors: Feldman Moshe , Levy Avraham A.
Published: October 2023

In this chapter, the taxonomical complexities of the genusTriticumare presented. Following the biological concept of species, the genus contains six species, two diploids, two tetraploid, and two hexaploids. The characteristic morphology of the genus and that of the wild forms, their geographic distribution, and ecological affinities, as well as their preadaptation for domestication and the processes leading to wheat domestication are reported. The origin and evolution of the diploid species, and the genome analysis of the allopolyploids are reviewed. Origin of the A, B, and D subgenomes of allopolyploid wheats, are presented. The relationships betweenTriticumspecies and other Triticineae are discussed.
Evolution of the Allopolyploid Species of the Sub-tribe Triticineae
Authors: Feldman Moshe , Levy Avraham A.
Published: October 2023

The chapter describes the mode, time, and place of origin of the allopolyploids of the genus Triticum. In addition, genetic and epigenetic changes due to allopolyploidization that brought about to cytological diploidization (exclusive homologous chromosome pairing), are discussed within the chapter. The suppression of pairing between homoeologous chromosomes in hexaploid wheat Triticum aestivum by the Ph1 gene, its discovery, the induction of mutations in this gene, its isolation, the theories concerning its mode of its action, and its origin, are discussed in the chapter. Other pairing genes (suppressors and promoters) that exist in T. aestivum, and in its relatives are reviewed. The chapter also describes processes leading to genetic diploidization and subgenomic asymmetry in the control of various traits in allopolyploid wheats. Several aspects of evolution during the life of the allopolyploids are discussed too.
Genome Structure of Triticeae Species
Authors: Feldman Moshe , Levy Avraham A.
Published: October 2023

This chapter describes characteristic features of the chromosomes and genomes of Triticeae species. Centromeres contain typical CENH3 nucleosomes, but these are associated with repeats that are larger than in other plant species. The sub-telomeric ends are rich in transposable elements and contain diverse repeats and recombination hotspots. The nucleolar organizer regions contain hundreds or thousands of ribosomal genes, rDNA repeats, arranged in tandem arrays that form a constriction known as the nucleolar organizer (NOR). We describe their mapping as well as the phenomenon known as Nucleolar dominance. Genome sizes in the Triticeae are large, with 1C values ranging in diploids from 4.0–9.4 pg, compared to related grasses such as rice (1C  =  0.5 pg). These size differences are mostly due to a large amount of repetitive DNA, in particular of transposable elements, with retroelements as the most prominent repeats. In hexaploid bread wheat, genome size reaches 1C  = 16 pg, with ~ 108,000 high-confidence protein-coding genes, and a high number of pseudogenes and RNA genes. The wheat transcriptome shows complex expression patterns for homoeologous loci. We discuss gene organization in islands as well as the high synteny between the different species and the role of introgression in shaping genomes.
Amblyopyrum (Jaub. and Spach) Eig
Authors: Feldman Moshe , Levy Avraham A.
Published: October 2023

The taxonomic relationship between the two genera Amblyopyrum and Aegilops are discussed with the justification to regard them as two separate genera. The morphology and geographical distribution of the species A. muticum, as well as its primitive nature, are descried along with its cytology, cytogenetics, evolution and phylogenetic relationships to Aegilops and Triticum.
Aegilops L.
Authors: Feldman Moshe , Levy Avraham A.
Published: October 2023

This chapter discusses the classification of the genusAegilops, and presents a detailed description of its sections and species. It shows the morphology, geographical distribution, ecological affinities, cytology, and cytogenetic aspects of the species. Similarly, the structure and distribution of repetitious DNA in the various species, evolution of the diploid and genome analyses of the allopolyploid species, and relationships between them and to speciesof Triticum, are presented. The occurrence of gametocidal (GC) genes in species ofAegilops, their mode of action, evolutionary significance, and use in the production of deletion and dissection bread wheat lines, are also being reviewed.
Machine Learning in Computer Aided Engineering
Authors: Montáns Francisco J. , Cueto Elías , Bathe Klaus-Jürgen
Published: October 2023

The extraordinary success of Machine Learning (ML) in many complex heuristic fields has promoted its introduction in more analytical engineering fields, improving or substituting many established approaches in Computer Aided Engineering (CAE), and also solving long-standing problems. In this chapter, we first review the ideas behind the most used ML approaches in CAE, and then discuss a variety of different applications which have been traditionally addressed using classical approaches and that now are increasingly the focus of ML methods.
Constrained Random Diffeomorphisms for Data Assimilation
Authors: Resseguier Valentin , Zhen Yicun , Chapron Bertrand
Published: October 2023

For ensemble-based data assimilation purposes, there is a definite need for relevant ensemble sampling tools. Indeed, the quality and spreading of these ensembles have deep implications in the quality of the data assimilation, and—until recently—those so-called covariance inflation tools have mostly relied on unsuitable linear Gaussian frameworks. A promising alternative is the generation of ensembles through a stochastic remapping of the physical space.
Stochastic Compressible Navier–Stokes Equations Under Location Uncertainty
Authors: Tissot Gilles , Mémin Étienne , Jamet Quentin
Published: October 2023

The aim of this paper is to provide a stochastic version under location uncertainty of the compressible Navier–Stokes equations. To that end, some clarifications of the stochastic Reynolds transport theorem are given when stochastic source terms are present in the right-hand side. We apply this conservation theorem to density, momentum and total energy in order to obtain a transport equation of the primitive variables, i.e. density, velocity and temperature. We show that performing low Mach and Boussinesq approximations to this more general set of equations allows us to recover the known incompressible stochastic Navier–Stokes equations and the stochastic Boussinesq equations, respectively. Finally, we provide some research directions of using this general set of equations in the perspective of relaxing the Boussinesq and hydrostatic assumptions for ocean modelling.
On the Interactions Between Mean Flows and Inertial Gravity Waves in the WKB Approximation
Authors: Holm Darryl D. , Hu Ruiao , Street Oliver D.
Published: October 2023

We derive a Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) closure of the generalised Lagrangian mean (GLM) theory by using a phase-averaged Hamilton variational principle for the Euler–Boussinesq (EB) equations. Following Gjaja and Holm 1996, we consider 3D inertial gravity waves (IGWs) in the EB approximation. The GLM closure for WKB IGWs expresses EB wave mean flow interaction (WMFI) as WKB wave motion boosted into the reference frame of the EB equations for the Lagrangian mean transport velocity. We provide both deterministic and stochastic closure models for GLM IGWs at leading order in 3D complex vector WKB wave asymptotics. This paper brings the Gjaja and Holm 1996 paper at leading order in wave amplitude asymptotics into an easily understood short form and proposes a stochastic generalisation of the WMFI equations for IGWs.
An Explicit Method to Determine Casimirs in 2D Geophysical Flows
Authors: Luesink Erwin , Geurts Bernard
Published: October 2023

Conserved quantities in geophysical flows play an important role in the characterisation of geophysical dynamics and aid the development of structure-preserving numerical methods. A significant family of conserved quantities is formed by the Casimirs i.e., integral conservation laws that are in the kernel of the underlying Poisson bracket. The Casimirs hence determine the geometric structure of the geophysical fluid equations among which the enstrophy is well known. Often Casimirs are proposed on heuristic grounds and later verified to be part of the kernel of the Poisson bracket. In this work, we will explicitly construct Casimirs by rewriting the Poisson bracket in vorticity-divergence coordinates thereby providing explicit construction of Casimirs for 2D geophysical flow dynamics.
Making a Place for Our Selves: A Story About Longing, Relationships, and the Search for Home
Authors: Damiano Natasha
Published: October 2023

I use an ‘autoethnographic’ or ‘creative non-fiction’ writing approach to share a story of my relationship with my Italian-born father, a stone mason by trade whose singular dream in life was to build his family a home. Moving between vignettes of the past and composite re-tellings of conversations I had with my father before he died, I intertwine my father’s immigrant experience and life story with memories of the multiculturalism of my own youth. Through this process I try to illuminate Euro-colonial obsessions with property (ownership) and its impact on my understanding of self, home, and belonging.
Family Histories and Stories That Made Me
Authors: Jennings Brianna
Published: October 2023

To make sense of my own family history, I turned to others, I pieced together little clues strewn here and there like grains of sand. I also read other people’s stories so I could learn my own. Stories that were completely different from mine, yet offered cherished insights. I learned about the traumatic ocean crossing made by the early Canadian immigrants, of Home Children, the places of war and famine that they came from, of would-be immigrants who got turned away, of the racism, of the xenophobia of the labour, of the cities built on the backs of immigrants. Old, worn stories that are still repeated today. Stories that are still untold.

The life I live now, one of white privilege, safety, freedom and enjoyment, I owe to the sacrifices made by family members whose names are long forgotten.
Kingston Blues
Authors: Atar Ozlem
Published: October 2023

I often explore my relationship to Kingston, Canada when I am on the go. My daily walks take me to other times and places, and the songs I listen to on these wanderings reverberate through my body and soul. My submission to the StOries Project is a personal reflection. I am sharing thoughts and feelings evoked while listening to some of my favourite songs according to Spotify. In my first year in Kingston, I didn’t know many people and was experiencing emotional disconnect with family. Music was where I escaped when I was not working or sleeping. For this specific piece, I mostly focus on my first year in Canada, with some parts travelling back and forth in time. My first Canadian winter was quite lonely, hence the title “Kingston Blues”!
WIP (Work in Progress)
Authors: Osorio Jenny
Published: October 2023

In embroidery, WIP (work in progress) means an unfinished project that you take from time to time expecting to complete it. WIP is a series of vignettes depicting embroidery pieces I have made, along with reflections about life in Canada, what it means to be Canadian for immigrants, and the mourning that comes after leaving one’s home country. These vignettes are WIPs of life that get revisited and to which I add layers of stitches as I reflect about who I am, and whom I find myself continuously becoming.
My Taiwanese Mom, Peaches
Authors: Liou Galina
Published: October 2023

The story I submitted to the StOries Project is about my mother. Many times, I have found myself stuck in between the past and the present. The sense of belonging to nowhere appeared immense or even unbearable when I moved to Canada, where I have to relearn everything: language, culture, and my identity. Revisiting my origin by telling the story of my mom is like anchoring myself so I can land onto the new place. I learn to be more patient and grateful. Through her story I reconcile with her, and to the `me’ of the past.
Resonance-aware NLOPS matching for off-shell $$ t\overline{t} $$ + tW production with semileptonic decays
Authors: Ježo Tomáš , Lindert Jonas M. , Pozzorini Stefano
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The increasingly high accuracy of top-quark studies at the LHC calls for a theoretical description of $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

production and decay in terms of exact matrix elements for the full 2 → 6 process that includes the off-shell production and the chain decays of $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

and tW intermediate states, together with their quantum interference. Corresponding NLO QCD calculations matched to parton showers are available for the case of dileptonic channels and are implemented in the bb4l Monte Carlo generator, which is based on the resonance-aware POWHEG method. In this paper, we present the first NLOPS predictions of this kind for the case of semileptonic channels. In this context, the interplay of off-shell $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

+ tW production with various other QCD and electroweak subprocesses that yield the same semileptonic final state is discussed in detail. On the technical side, we improve the resonance-aware POWHEG procedure by means of new resonance histories based on matrix elements, which enable a realistic separation of $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

and tW contributions. Moreover, we introduce a general approach which makes it possible to avoid certain spurious terms that arise from the perturbative expansion of decay widths in any off-shell higher-order calculation, and which are large enough to jeopardise physical finite-width effects. These methods are implemented in a new version of the bb4l Monte Carlo generator, which is applicable to all dileptonic and semileptonic channels, and can be extended to fully hadronic channels. The presented results include a NLOPS comparison of off-shell against on-shell $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

+ tW production and decay, where we highlight various non-trivial aspects related to NLO and parton-shower radiation in leptonic and hadronic top decays.
On the lattice of conatural classes of linear modular lattices
Authors: Pardo-Guerra Sebastián , Rincón-Mejía Hugo A. , Zorrilla-Noriega Manuel G. , González-Bayona Francisco
Published: October 2023

The collection of all cohereditary classes of modules over a ring R is a pseudocomplemented complete big lattice. The elements of its skeleton are the conatural classes of R-modules. In this paper we extend some results about cohereditary classes in R-Mod to the category $$\mathcal {L_{M}}$$

L
M

of linear modular lattices, which has as objects all complete modular lattices and as morphisms all linear morphisms. We introduce the big lattice of conatural classes in $$\mathcal {L_{M}}$$

L
M

, and we obtain some results about it, paralleling the case of R-Mod and arriving at its being boolean. Finally, we prove some closure properties of conatural classes in $$\mathcal {L_{M}}$$

L
M

.
Bildgebung des Beckenbodens
Authors: Anzböck Teresa , Koensgen Dominique
Published: October 2023

Hintergrund

Funktionsstörungen des Beckenbodens stellen ein gehäuft auftretendes Krankheitsbild der Frau dar.

Ziel der Arbeit

Beschreibung des Stellenwerts der Sonographie in der urogynäkologischen Untersuchung und Bildgebung des Beckenbodens.

Material und Methoden

Analyse und Zusammenfassung der aktuellen Empfehlungen und Literatur zur Durchführung der Pelvic-Floor-Sonographie.

Ergebnisse

Die Pelvic-Floor-Sonographie ist eine meist zur Verfügung stehende, für die Patientinnen minimal belastende, dynamische und Real-time-Bildgebung des Beckenbodens, die eine funktionell-morphologische Beurteilung der Anatomie ermöglicht.

Diskussion

Die Sonographie des Beckenbodens hat in der präoperativen Diagnostik sowie im postoperativen Komplikationsmanagement einen hohen Stellenwert.
Impact of the Prolonged Intermittent Pringle Maneuver on Post‐Hepatectomy Liver Failure: Comparison of Open and Laparoscopic Approaches
Authors: Doi Shunsuke , Yasuda Satoshi , Hokuto Daisuke , Kamitani Naoki , Matsuo Yasuko , Sakata Takeshi , Nishiwada Satoshi , Nagai Minako , Nakamura Kota , Terai Taichi , Kohara Yuichiro , Sho Masayuki
Published: October 2023

Background

The influence of prolonged intermittent Pringle maneuver (IPM) on post‐hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) remains unclear. We evaluated the impact of the prolonged IPM on PHLF in patients undergoing open and laparoscopic hepatectomy.

Methods

We retrospectively included 546 patients who underwent hepatectomy using IPM. The patients were divided into open (n = 294) and laparoscopic (n = 252) groups. Odds ratios for PHLF occurrence were estimated in each group according to cumulative Pringle time (CPT). The cut‐off value was set at CPT of 120 min. Risk factors for PHLF were evaluated in the open and laparoscopic groups. Additionally, we analyzed the post‐operative outcomes in the open and laparoscopic groups with CPT ≥ 120 min and performed propensity score matching analysis based on PFLF‐associated factors.

Results

In the open group, the risk of PHLF increased as CPT increased, particularly after 120 min. However, in the laparoscopic group, PHLF did not occur at less than 60 min, and the risk of PHLF was not significantly different at more than 60 min. Multivariate analysis identified CPT ≥ 120 min as an independent risk factor for PHLF in the open group (p < 0.001), but not in the laparoscopic group. Propensity score matching analysis showed that the PHLF rate was significantly lower in the laparoscopic group with CPT ≥ 120 min (p = 0.027). The post‐operative transaminase levels were significantly lower in the laparoscopic group with CPT ≥ 120 min.

Conclusions

Laparoscopic hepatectomy may cause less PHLF with prolonged IPM compared with open hepatectomy.
Laser-produced craters in minerals of a palladium ore sample
Authors: Selmani Samira , Elhamdaoui Ismail , Mohamed Nessrine , Bouchard Paul , Constantin Marc , Sabsabi Mohamad , Vidal François
Published: October 2023

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an emerging technique in geochemistry that allows rapid in-situ analysis of the elemental composition and concentration of minerals by laser ablation of the material surface and measurement of the light emitted by the resulting plasma. However, this type of application is still under development for geochemical analyses. Indeed, it is still difficult to know how minerals are ablated under laser pulses in the context of LIBS geochemical analysis using a high-power Q-switched Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm with pulse durations on the order of nanoseconds. Important questions remain unanswered regarding the volume sampled by the laser beam on the minerals to be analyzed, as well as the plasmas induced by the laser on the minerals in air at atmospheric pressure. The objective of this work is to provide insight into laser-mineral interactions within the framework of LIBS geochemical analysis of ore samples with emphasis on the characterization of plasmas and laser ablation craters under ambient air at atmospheric pressure. We study the crater morphology in the three main phases of a palladium ore fragment (Lac des Iles mine, Canada), namely plagioclase feldspar, amphibole and sulfides [Mohamed et al., Geostand Geoanal Res 45:539, (2021)] We performed four series of laser shots (50, 250, 500 and 1000 shots) in the three mineral phases and characterized the morphology of the craters obtained by scanning electron microscopy and optical coherence tomography. It turns out that laser ablation is most effective in plagioclase, presumably due to its lower thermal conductivity. In addition, the temperature and electron density of the plasma were determined for each phase from the iron and nickel lines of LIBS spectra taken 4 µs after the laser shots. They are between 6300 and 8600 °C and about 2 × 1017 cm−3, respectively.
Introducing the Food Value Framework (FVF) to empower transdisciplinary research and unite stakeholders in their efforts of building a sustainable global food system
Authors: Brumm Alexander , Fukushi Kensuke
Published: October 2023

The global food system provides numerous benefits to humanity but also faces critical sustainability challenges with respective costs often burdened by society. As these costs are not sufficiently represented in market prices, increasing monetization efforts of externalities aim to reveal such hidden costs. However, monetary evaluation approaches have limitations such as conformity or including arguably unmonetizable impacts. Given that food production and consumption have been deeply embedded in human culture and behavior throughout millennia, systemic change is generally slow and precarious to enforce externally, especially given its existential role for daily survival. Rather than imposing relatively recent sustainability challenges, such as climate change, onto food systems, we hence suggest incorporating them into a core natural driver of human behavior: values. The objective of this research is to create a framework that can holistically address values associated with food in order to guide and unite stakeholders along the food value chain. Based on this human-centered bottom-up approach, empirical relevance of a respective framework to successfully translate into and guide sustainability efforts should be increased. We therefore combined established approaches of monetary accounting with a psychosocial perspective on basic human values and ethics to derive the Food Value Framework (FVF). We conclude that the FVF could address shortcomings of current evaluation methods and serve as a common foundation to empower transdisciplinary research, value-based policy-making, transparent production, and responsible consumption across the food value chain.
Multilevel asymmetric coupler MAC field rotator for LP11 mode in few mode fiber
Authors: El-Sabban Salwa , Khalil Diaa
Published: October 2023

In this work, we present a new design for an integrated optical field rotator for the mode LP11a to the mode LP11b and vice versa using planar Silica over silicon technology. The structure is designed using a Multilayer Asymmetric Coupler. The coupling efficiency of the coupler could be as high as 99% when its length is about 1 mm. For a shorter coupler of length 550 microns and a coupling efficiency of 91%, a complete structure is designed to couple 2 few mode fibers of diameters 15.4 microns through an inverted taper from one side and a Y junction with two inverted tapers from the other side. The fiber to fiber insertion loss of the proposed structure is less than 3 dB over about 190 nm spectral range around 1550 nm. The 3 dB bandwidth of the structure is greater than 360 nm as demonstrated by the Beam Propagation Method BPM simulation.
Distribution for Non Symmetric Position Operators on the Free Toy Fock Space and Its Approximation on the Full Fock Space
Authors: Oussi Lahcen
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we investigate the “Poisson-type” limit theorem with respect to the vacuum state of a family of partial sums of non-symmetric position operators under an appropriate scaling on the free toy Fock space. We give a formula for the vacuum moment in relation with the combinatorics of non-crossing partitions. We show that the asymptotic measure associated to the limit of the partial sums of these operators is the free Meixner law with an atomic and an absolutely continuous part, whereas the probability distribution of any single operator is the two-point probability. The approximation of such operators on the full Fock space is given.
Production of High Surface Area Activated Carbon from Peanut Shell by Chemical Activation with Zinc Chloride: Optimisation and Characterization
Authors: Fletcher Ashleigh , Somorin Tosin , Aladeokin Oluwagbemi
Published: October 2023

The potential of peanut shell as a precursor to produce activated carbon by chemical activation with ZnCl2, and the effect of activation variables were investigated using response surface methodology. Activation variables examined were temperature, hold time and impregnation ratio; among these, impregnation ratio and temperature were found to most affect the final characteristics of the produced activated carbon. The activation process was mapped, using design of experiments, and the optimum activation conditions were found to be a temperature of 485 °C, with a hold time of 15 min and an impregnation ratio of 1.7. Under the optimised conditions, an activated carbon with a relatively high surface area of ~ 1700 m2/g was produced, at a yield of 47%. Moreover, the carbon exhibited a relatively high density, ranging from 1.455 g/cm3 to 1.750 g/cm3, as well as a low ash content below 1% and a high fixed carbon content above 86%. SEM analysis and FTIR characterisation revealed the heterogenous nature of the produced carbon materials. The developed materials, with potential as adsorbents, removed up to 99.8% of a target dye (methyl orange) depending on their available surface area. Hence, through the insights gained, an optimised carbon is produced, demonstrating the potential to tailor activated carbon materials produced from waste biomass.