bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial genome sequencing of marine leukaemias reveals cancer contagion between clam species in the Seas of Southern Europe
Authors: Garcia-Souto Daniel , Bruzos Alicia L , Diaz Seila , Rocha Sara , Pequeño-Valtierra Ana , Roman-Lewis Camila F , Alonso Juana , Rodriguez Rosana , Costas Damian , Rodriguez-Castro Jorge , Villanueva Antonio , Silva Luis , Valencia Jose Maria , Annona Giovanni , Tarallo Andrea , Ricardo Fernando , Bratoš Cetinić Ana , Posada David , Pasantes Juan Jose , Tubio Jose MC
Published: January 2022

Clonally transmissible cancers are tumour lineages that are transmitted between individuals via the transfer of living cancer cells. In marine bivalves, leukaemia-like transmissible cancers, called hemic neoplasia (HN), have demonstrated the ability to infect individuals from different species. We performed whole-genome sequencing in eight warty venus clams that were diagnosed with HN, from two sampling points located more than 1000 nautical miles away in the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea Coasts of Spain. Mitochondrial genome sequencing analysis from neoplastic animals revealed the coexistence of haplotypes from two different clam species. Phylogenies estimated from mitochondrial and nuclear markers confirmed this leukaemia originated in striped venus clams and later transmitted to clams of the species warty venus, in which it survives as a contagious cancer. The analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences supports all studied tumours belong to a single neoplastic lineage that spreads in the Seas of Southern Europe.
Hippocampal sharp wave-ripples and the associated sequence replay emerge from structured synaptic interactions in a network model of area CA3
Authors: Ecker András , Bagi Bence , Vértes Eszter , Steinbach-Németh Orsolya , Karlócai Mária R , Papp Orsolya I , Miklós István , Hájos Norbert , Freund Tamás F , Gulyás Attila I , Káli Szabolcs
Published: January 2022

Hippocampal place cells are activated sequentially as an animal explores its environment. These activity sequences are internally recreated (‘replayed’), either in the same or reversed order, during bursts of activity (sharp wave-ripples [SWRs]) that occur in sleep and awake rest. SWR-associated replay is thought to be critical for the creation and maintenance of long-term memory. In order to identify the cellular and network mechanisms of SWRs and replay, we constructed and simulated a data-driven model of area CA3 of the hippocampus. Our results show that the chain-like structure of recurrent excitatory interactions established during learning not only determines the content of replay, but is essential for the generation of the SWRs as well. We find that bidirectional replay requires the interplay of the experimentally confirmed, temporally symmetric plasticity rule, and cellular adaptation. Our model provides a unifying framework for diverse phenomena involving hippocampal plasticity, representations, and dynamics, and suggests that the structured neural codes induced by learning may have greater influence over cortical network states than previously appreciated.
Exploring the nitrogen reservoir of biodegradable household garbage and its potential in replacing synthetic nitrogen fertilizers in China
Authors: Wang Lan , Qin Tianyu , Zhao Jianshe , Zhang Yicheng , Wu Zhiyuan , Cui Xiaohui , Zhou Gaifang , Li Caihong , Guo Liyue , Jiang Gaoming
Published: January 2022

Biodegradable household garbage contains a large amount of nitrogen, which could be used as organic fertilizer to produce organic food and significantly reduce synthetic nitrogen fertilizers. There is limited information on how large the nitrogen reservoir of biodegradable household garbage is in a certain country or region. Here we took China as a case, analyzed the amount of biodegradable household garbage resources and their nitrogen reservoirs. It was noted that the biodegradable household garbage mainly included food waste, waste paper and wood chips, with the amount being 31.56, 29.55, and 6.45 × 106 t·a−1, respectively. Accordingly, the nitrogen reservoirs were 65.31 × 104, 6.80 × 104, and 3.81 × 104 t·a−1 in China. The nitrogen reservoir of food waste accounted for 86% of the total nitrogen reservoir of biodegradable household garbage, which was equivalent to 11% of the amount of actual absorption for synthetic nitrogen fertilizers (6.20 × 106 t·a−1) by agriculture plants in China. Our findings provided a scientific basis for the classification and utilization of biodegradable household garbage.
Peripheral Arterial Disease as an Underdiagnosed Entity in COPD and its Impact on Functional Exercise Capacity- A Cross-sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India
Authors: Mukherjee Subhasis , Das Runa , Begum Shabana , Biswas Debabani , Choudhury Supriyo , Sarkar Supriya
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. COPD is a systemic disease, cardiovascular and Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) are common entities in COPD. Asymptomatic, undiagnosed PAD can lead to impaired functional exercise capacity, increased morbidity and mortality. Aim: To find out the occurrence of PAD in COPD and relative contribution of PAD, severity of COPD, and Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) on functional exercise capacity. Materials and Methods: The present study was a prospective, cross-sectional, analytical study carried out in the Department of Respiratory Medicine of a teaching institution in eastern India over a period of six months. All COPD patients diagnosed as per Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Diseases (GOLD) criteria were recruited for the study after obtaining written informed consent. HRQL was assessed by Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ). Exercise capacity was assessed by Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and PAD was evaluated by Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) on Ultrasound (USG) Doppler. Data were analysed using appropriate statistical tests. Mean, Standard Deviation (SD) and percentages were calculated for descriptive frequencies, p-value was calculated using Fischer’s-exact test or Chi-square test for categorical data and independent sample t-test and Kruskal Wallis test for parametric and non parametric data, respectively. Results: Out of 75 COPD patients, PAD was present in 18 (24%) patients. Majority of COPD patients (n=35; 46.6%) were in GOLD group D. There was no statistically significant difference in age, Body Mass Index (BMI) and smoking index between COPD with and without PAD. Most PAD patients were asymptomatic. In comparison to COPD without PAD, severe PAD cases had significantly less Six Minute Walk Distance (6MWD), more episodes of leg cramps and needed to stop more frequently during 6MWT. Apart from PAD, increasing severity in COPD was associated statistically significant changes in Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1), CCQ score, 6MWD, post 6MWT Heart Rate (HR), Respiratory Rate (RR), Borg score, fatigue, Oxygen Saturation (SpO2). Conclusion: The PAD is a frequent entity in COPD and can be diagnosed easily by measuring ABI. Increasing COPD severity affect HRQL and exercise capacity significantly.
Scrub Typhus with Guillain-Barré Syndrome: An Atypical Sequela due to Delayed Diagnosis
Authors: Agarwal Mayank , Aishwarya . , Bairwa Mukesh , Ravikant .
Published: January 2022

Scrub typhus is a zoonotic infection which is endemic to the tropical regions of South-East Asia including the sub-Himalayan belt of North India. Clinical manifestations of scrub typhus range from self-limiting acute febrile illness to sometimes fatal multi- organ involvement. However, it does not usually involve the central nervous system, if affected meningoencephalitis is the most common presentation. Hereby the authors report a 60-year-old patient of scrub encephalitis who developed acute onset ascending, symmetric flaccid quadriparesis with sensory involvement. Electrophysiological studies and demonstration of antiganglioside antibodies confirmed the diagnosis of AMSAN variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome. The patient was treated successfully with five days of intravenous immunoglobulins. She became ambulatory with complete recovery four weeks after discharge. Guillain-Barré syndrome is a treatable entity and should be evaluated in all cases of scrub typhus having a similar presentation. It can lead to a diagnostic challenge that can often be missed as it is a rare presentation of scrub infection. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and treatment is necessary for better outcomes.
Community Consumption Behavior in West Nusa Tenggara Province during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: . Zulkieflimansyah , Nurjihadi Muhammad , Wahyudi Agus , Rizqi Reza Muhammad , Nur Fietroh Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Aims: This study aims to identify the consumption behavior of people in West Nusa Tenggara Province during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Study Design:  This research is quantitative descriptive.

Place and Duration of Study: The location of this research was carried out in West Nusa Tenggara Province which consists of 10 regencies/cities namely West Lombok Regency, Central Lombok Regency, East Lombok Regency, North Lombok Regency, West Sumbawa Regency, Sumba Regency, Dompu Regency, Bima Regency, Mataram City, City of Bima. Duration of Study starts October 2021 - December 2021.

Methodology: With a sample of 100 respondents. Collecting data using a questionnaire. Then to analyze the data using the three box method.

Results: The results showed that the consumption behavior of the people in West Nusa Tenggara Province, which was seen from primary needs, showed that the average need index reached 82% or in the high category, where more people chose to buy masks during the pandemic. Then for secondary needs, the average need index reaches 65% or in the medium category, where people prefer to set aside money for education costs rather than vacationing with family. Final, In meeting the tertiary needs, people prefer to buy land/buildings. In this case, the tertiary needs are in the medium category with the demand index reaching 50%.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that during the pandemic, the people of West Nusa Tenggara had various consumption patterns. both primary consumption which is in the high category, as well as secondary and tertiary consumption which is in the medium category.
The perception of Climatic Change on Climatic Resilience Crop Cultivars among Arable Farmers in Adamawa state, Nigeria
Authors: Bunu Martins Gaji
Published: January 2022

The study examines the perception of climatic change and climatic resilience crop cultivars among arable farmers in Adamawa State. With the specific objectives as to determine the socio-economics of arable farmers, examine the perception of change in temperature by farmers farming experience, examine the perception of farmers on rainfall pattern change due to climatic change, identify the source of information about climatic resilience crop cultivars, identify the varieties of climatic resilience crops cultivated by arable farmers, examine the farmer’s perception on the effects of climatic change on arable crop production, determine the level of farmers adoption of climatic resilience crop cultivars and examine the socio-economic factors influencing the adoption of climatic resilience crop cultivar for effects of climatic change on arable production. Primary data was the main sources of data for the study collected through the use of well-structured schedule. Descriptive statistics (tables, frequency and percentage) and inferential statistics such as Chi-square, and Probit regression were used as analytical tools for the analysis of data. The study revealed that majority of the respondents are in their most active age (21-40years), hence their strength could be effectively utilized to increase agricultural production and majority of them were males with 49.0% were married. The study shows that the household size in the study area is relatively large and most (60.8%) of the respondents are educated (they can read and write) and this could be effectively utilized to boost arable production in the study area and 60.8% of the respondents were full-time farmers with a good farming experience which will help them to improve their production techniques and to increase their productivity. The study therefore, concluded that climatic change have significant effects on arable production which reduces potential yield and farmers were aware of the climatic resilience crop cultivars of which their sources of information on it were NGOs and other farm associate but their level of adoption is low and recommended that Farmer exposure to and knowledge of climate-resilient crop cultivars should be increased. This can be achieved through organizing more training on climate change adaptation and encouraging farmers to attend.
Development of an Index to Measure the Conservation Behaviour of Farmers
Authors: Asokhan M. , Ramu M. Ganapathy
Published: January 2022

Meeting the demand of rising population and sustaining the quality of the environment are the two major challenges of Indian agriculture system. The conservation practices have the potential to achieve food security while also have the capacity to retain the environmental sustainability. This article was focussed with the construction of an index to assess the adoption of conservation practices by farmers. Based on the review of literature and discussion with the expert's, indicators and sub-indicators were identified and enlisted. Relevancy test method was followed in the construction of an index. The list of sub-indicators was sent to 75 experts with the request, to critically evaluate each sub-indicator for its relevancy to be included in the Conservation Behaviour Index (CBI). Out of 75 experts, 30 experts responded in time and at the earliest. The criteria to be followed in this procedure was sub-indicators having relevancy percentage above 75, relevancy weightage above 0.75 and mean relevancy score above 2.25 was considered for inclusion in Conservation Behaviour Index. Based on the above three criteria 56 sub-indicators were retained. Further the index has been administered in the study area and the scores obtained were analysed using cumulative frequency method to classify farmers into three categories.
Metal Complexes of Gatifloxacin: Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Biological Activity
Authors: Dave Nikunj , Bhatt Hardik
Published: January 2022

The antibiotic agent Gatifloxacin is well known for its drug design and coordinating ability towards metal ions. In this paper, synthesis and biological activity of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Mg(II) complexes of gatifloxacin is reported. Ligand is itself prepared using o-phenylenediamine (OPD) and 3-acetyl coumarin. The structure of complexes has been investigated using some physiochemical and spectroscopic techniques. In vitro evaluation of these complexes was also carried out for antibacterial and antimicrobial activity. Some complexes exhibited promising anti-bacterial and antimicrobial activity compared to gatifloxacin drug.
Teething Myths and Practices among Nursing Mothers Attending the Paediatric Outpatient Clinic in a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Woroma Wonodi , Awoala West Boma
Published: January 2022

Background: Misconceptions about teething are prevalent even in the 21st century, especially in developing countries like Nigeria. These myths, which are handed down from one generation to another may lead to trivialization of severe childhood illnesses as well as practices that negatively impact child morbidity and mortality.

Aim: The present study was carried out to determine teething myths and practices among nursing mothers attending the Paediatric outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria.

Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional study of one hundred and forty eight nursing mothers of children aged 6-24 months who had erupted at least one tooth, who visited the children’s outpatient clinic of a tertiary health facility in Southern Nigeria. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0. Descriptive statistics was used. Chi square tests of significance (Fisher’s exact test) were used with a 95% confidence interval (P< 0.05).

Results: A high percentage of mothers (95.9%) associated teething with various symptoms such as fever, gum itching and diarrhoea; majority of them got information on teething from health workers, personal experience or parents. About 41.9% of the children recruited had perceived teething symptoms. Furthermore, 51.4% of respondents said teething should be treated and health workers formed the bulk of prescribers of teething medicines, the commonest of which were teething syrups, paracetamol and teething powder while the least used was herbs. About half of the respondents believed teething medicines were effective. Most respondents would take their babies to the hospital for perceived teething symptoms like fever, diarrhoea or vomiting but were less likely to visit the hospital if catarrh, drooling of saliva or sucking of the fingers was observed. The level of education, occupation, tribe, age of mother or baby, sex or position of child did not significantly affect the use of teething medication but the presence of perceived teething symptoms especially fever and vomiting did.

Conclusion: Teething myths are common among nursing mothers attending a tertiary paediatric outpatient hospital in Southern Nigeria. The most common myths associated with teething were fever, gum itching and diarrhoea for which medications such as teething syrup, paracetamol and teething powder were prescribed. The association of these symptoms with teething could lead to trivialization of potentially severe childhood illnesses thus interfering with their prompt diagnosis and management. Continuous health education of nursing mothers and the community at large may be one of the ways of enlightenment on the innocuous and normal expectation of teething so as to avoid ascribing childhood ailments to teething.
Proposal on Automatic Cocoa Quality Testing and Procurement in Ghana
Authors: Essah Richard , Anand Darpan
Published: January 2022

Cocoa industry of Ghana employs above a million people across Ghana areas of cocoa-growing, and it is the principal source of revenue for above 6 million people. The government of Ghana spends an important amount of money yearly on cocoa procurements in addition to farm inputs. However, the business of cocoa stays to meet many obstacles in testing and procurement, leading to lower annual yields. The study seeks to examine the issues of Ghana's cocoa purchasing process and develop IoT based automatic cocoa quality testing system. The method of the study will be descriptive design with quantitative method to pinpoint the procurement process and quality assurance process of cocoa in Ghana. The quantitative results will be used to develop IoT based automatic cocoa quality testing system to address cocoa testing issue. The study will analyze the impact of the proposed system for procurement process on the cocoa quality testing and procurement process in Ghana.
Effects of Chlorides of Lead and Some Transition Metals on the Kinetics of Crude Peroxidase from Watermelon Seeds
Authors: Iniaghe O. M. , Adeyemi O. S.
Published: January 2022

Aims: This study investigates the effect of chlorides of lead and some transition metals on the kinetics of crude peroxidase from watermelon seeds

Study design:  In vitro enzyme assay.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria between April 2021 and June 2021

Methodology: The kinetics of crude peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of 3,5,3′,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of varying concentrations of different chloride salts and hydrogen peroxidase was determined spectrophotometrically at 655nm. The assay mixture contained 2.3 mL of sodium phosphate buffer of pH 7.0, 0.1 mL of the crude enzyme from the seeds of watermelon, 0.2 mL of varying concentration of the respective chloride salts, 0.2 mL of 0.02 mM TMB, and 0.2 mL of 2 mM hydrogen peroxidase added last to start the reaction.

Results: Results showed that except for nickel chloride, chloride salts of Pb2+, Hg2+, and Fe2+ had peroxidase activating effects. Mercury chloride and lead chloride proportionately increased the enzyme activity within a salt concentration range of 1.5 and 3 mM. In comparison, ferric chloride had an optimum concentration of 2.5 mM for peroxidase activation; mercury chloride had the highest peroxidase activation effect compared with chlorides of Pb, Ni, and Fe.

Conclusion: These findings are of great importance to industries in understanding the mechanism of action of peroxidase from the seeds of watermelon, especially as the search for cheap and alternative sources of peroxidases continues.
Redefining the Senses of "Model of Teaching" and "Teaching Strategy": An Alternative Approach
Authors: Fykaris Ioannis , Bimpa Maria , Tsekos Evangelos , Katerini Ioanna , Zagkotas Vasileios
Published: January 2022

This article seeks to delineate the senses of "model of teaching" and "teaching strategy" and to determine the relationship between them and the regularity of their coexistence. Trying to formulate definitions also carries a serious risk of error. The literature review shows that the senses of "model of teaching" and "teaching strategy" alternate and are often presented as identical. Rarely used with different conceptual content. Usually, however, these two senses are confused, without being clear either of their possible tautology or of their difference. That is why this article attempts to redefine the two reference senses with an interpretive method and to formulate more precisely their structural semantic content. In the relevant literature the terms of Didactic generally do not formulate and do not accurately capture their basic conceptual definition, resulting in conceptual confusion, if not semantic distortions. Hence, the main aim of the article is teacher, but also for everyone involved in Didactic to understand precisely the meaning of the senses "model of teaching" and "teaching strategy".
Case Report on Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
Authors: Chavhan Sweta , Maurya Archana , Kothe Amruta
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), frequently referred as Dawson disease, is a kind of sclerosing  panencephalitis, and is an uncommon long-term, continuous cerebral inflammatory condition triggered by a gradual infection with particular faulty types of hyper mutated measles virus.

Main Symptoms and/or Important Clinical Findings: Patient came with the complaint of gait abnormalities, sudden fall while walking, loss of speech, staring look, abnormal smile and loss of bladder control, hemiplegia and contracture of all four limbs, seizures, Grade III Malnutrition.

The Main Diagnoses, Therapeutic Interventions, and Outcomes: Patient undergone investigation i.e. Blood Test: Hb- 9.8 gm%, TLC- 14,700/mm, Platelet- 2.24 lacs /cu.mm, Total Protein- 8.4 g/dl, HCT- 29.8, Serum Bilirubin- 1.0mg/dl, ALP- 99IU/L, Serum Urea-32mg/dl,SerumCreatinine-0.5mg/dl,SerumSodium-153meq/L,SerumPotassium-.2mmol/L. .CSF igg Measles test was done EEG which revealed burst of periodic complexes with well-preserved back ground activity. Doctor manages with Tab. Valparin 200mg BD, Tab. Frisium 5mg BD, Tab. Baclofen10mgBD,Tab. Samion D3 OD, Syp Q-Carni 5ml BD, Tab. Augment375mg BD.

Outcome: After treatment, the child showed some improvement. The patient was admitted to Pediatric Ward No- 22, AVBRH with known case of Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) and he had complaint of swelling over right jaw with caries tooth since4month.
Erythema Dyschromicum Perstans: The Spotty Possibility – A Rare Case Report
Authors: Lochini M. Naga Meena , Nilofer F. K. Jasima , Lilly S. Mary
Published: January 2022

Erythema Dyschromicum Perstans (EDP) / Ashy Dermatosis are a less common dermatological disorder with an unknown etiology. It is characterized by asymptomatic, grey, symmetric and confluent macules all over the body. Herein, we report a case of a 50 years old man who presented clinically, with diffuse, patchy pigmentation having ill-defined, erythematous borders involving bilateral arms and forearms. Histopathological examination of the lesion biopsy demonstrates vacuolar degeneration of the basal cell layer, dermal perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrate and increased epidermal melanin pigment and presence of dermal melanophages. For the present case, treatment with Clofazimine has proven to be effective.
Case Report on Benign Spindle Cell Tumour
Authors: Mandaokar Manisha P. , Sharma Ranjana
Published: January 2022

Introduction: It's an extremely uncommon cancer. First, the epidermis, soft tissues, and connective tissues are impacted. Breast benign spindle cell lesions include a wide range of tumor-like or malignant fibroblastic and myofibroblastic entities. They should be made up entirely of Spindle cells (pure spindle cell lesions) are defined as lesions with no mixed epithelial component.

Clinical Finding :

Most Common Symptoms Of Spindle Cell Sarcoma.

• Bone ache. The most frequent sign of spindle cell sarcoma is bone discomfort. The most often afflicted bones by spindle cell sarcoma are those of the...

Swelling And Tenderness.

Reduced Mobility.

Fatigue And Malaise.

Lump Or Mass.

Diagnostic Evaluation: HB-6.7, TLC:-16, 200, PLT:-15, 000, MCV:-67.0, SR. BILIRUBIN:-0.7

Therapeutic Intervention – Tab. Allopuraznol 300mg BD, Inj. Emset:- 1.8mg TDS.  Inj. Pantop 12mg BD, Inj. Ceftraxon 20ml NS 1 mg BD.

Outcome- Spindle cell tumours are uncommon cancers that develop in the peripheral and deep tissues of the body. According to a CT scan, a massive tumour encompassed the whole abdomen and pelvis. According to a CT scan, a massive tumour encompassed the whole abdomen and pelvis.

Conclusion: The patient is admitted to Acharya vinoba bhave rural hospital sawangi (meghe) wardha, under the USG department, where he will get ongoing medical and nursing care, and his health is currently stable and under monitoring.
Hepatitis B Viral Infection Associated with Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Tawde Simran , Kediya Anup
Published: January 2022

In humans, the hepatitis B virus causes a persistent infection in the liver. Recently, 3.5 percent of the worldwide been infected with HBV on a long-term basis. It is a chronic, dynamic disease that can be managed with medication but not cured. With continuous inflammation and viremia, the risk of final liver disease and hepatocellular cancer rises. Out of the 24 million people afflicted, 15% to 40% develop cirrhosis, leading to a failing liver or carcinoma. Chronic HBV infection usually progresses through several clinical phases, each of which might continue for decades. vaccination and, less by the use of antivirals to lower the viral burden of individuals are reducing the incidence of HBV infections. Serum and liver demonstrations diagnostic markers that are well defined and verified allow for assessing disease worsening, virus increase status, patient risk stratification, and therapy options. Novel chemicals are being tested to achieve HBV surface antigen clearing, a serological state linked to a better probability of remission after treatment termination, and a decreased risk of cirrhosis and hepatcellularcacer. Hepatcellularcarcinma (HCC) is the most frequent type of first seen liver cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related death globally. HCC is the ninth most significant cause of cancer death in the United States. Advancingstrat, screens, and new techno in diagnosis and treatment, the incidence and death of cancer continues to climb. Regardless of the cause, cirrhosis remains the most critical risk factor for the development of HCC.
Case Report on Alcohol Dependence Syndrome
Authors: Nagdeote Suhani , Lokhande Shalini
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Alcohol dependence is psychiatric problem in which a person is psychologically and physically dependent upon alcohol consumption.  “A chronic disease in which a person craves that contains alcohol and is unable to control his or her drinking”.

Clinical Finding: Without drink patient feel discomfort, anxious, loss of appetite, sleeping disturbance.

Diagnostic Evaluation: Blood test: Amylase – 31U/L, RBS (glucose-plasma-random) – 92mg%, CBC Investigation (Hb -13%, MCV – 84.3fl, MCH – 29.7picogm, total RBC count – 4.55millions/cu.mm, total WBC count – 6200cu.mm, monocytes – 04%, granulocytes – 70%, lymphocytes – 25%, eosinophil – 01%, total platelets count – 3.38lac/cu.mm).

Therapeutic Intervention: Inj. Lorazepam 4mg × TDS, Inj. Thiamine 200 mg × TDS , Inj. Neurbion fort × OD, Inj. Pantop  40mg × OD, Inj. Emset, Inj. Avil, Tab. Paracetamol 500 mg × S0S.   

Outcome: After treatment, patient shows improvement. His increase appetite, decrease the feeling of discomfort.

Conclusion: My patient was admitted to psychiatric male ward in AVBRH with a known case of alcohol dependence syndrome and he had complain related to disease condition and after taking appropriate treatment  his condition was improved.
Disintegration, Hardness and Dissolution Profiles of Paracetamol Tablets Formulated using Sucrose and Formaldehyde Cross-Linked Starches
Authors: Okeke Ifeanyi Justin , Oli Angus Nnamdi , Yahaya Zwanden Sule , Gugu Thaddeus Harrison , Ibezim Emmanuel Chinedum
Published: January 2022

Background: Native starches have some limitations such as the inability to withstand some processing conditions, poor flow, packing and compressibility. Cross-linking of starch is one of the methods used to overcome these drawbacks to obtain derivatives with better and desirable properties. This study is aimed at assessing the utilisabilty of sucrose and formaldehyde cross-linked starches obtained from Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, and Oriza sativa as an excipient for paracetamol tablet formulation. The formulated tablets were evaluated for hardness, disintegration and drug release rate.

Results: The formulated tablets had hardness in the range of 4.35 – 6.37 Kgf. Tablets produced from the native starches had significantly (P < 0.05) lower disintegration time compared to their respective cross-linked starches. The disintegration time of the tablets from the cross-linked starches was in the following order, modified rice starch tablets > modified maize starch tablets > modified wheat starch tablets. The optimal batches containing the modified starches released over 90% of the drug within 40 min.

Conclusion: Sucrose and formaldehyde cross-linked starches obtained from Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, and Oriza sativa could serve as possible excipients for paracetamol tablets formulation.
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Causing Dry Eye Syndrome in Computer Users
Authors: Shukla Rashmi , Thool Archana
Published: January 2022

Background: Meibomian glands are follicular glands that release lipid that shapes the tear film's superficial layer. A persistent, extensive terminal duct blockage and descriptive alterations in the secretory output indicate meibomian gland dysfunction. Digital eye strain is characterized by changes in ocular surface integrity, tear film function, blinking patterns, accommodation disorders, differences in fixation, dryness, weariness and discomfort while using digital gadgets. The COVID 19 pandemic have resulted in almost everything to be on digital platform.

Objective: To conclude after reviewing various studies (between Jan 2016- Dec 2020) which were focused on how digital eye strain adversely affects the function of meibomian glands and adds to symptoms of dry eye in computer users.

Study Design: Narrative review article

Methodology: Various articles were reviewed which got published in between 2014-2020 in indexed journals. Meibomian gland dysfunction significantly affects the factors such as blink rate, tear break-up time (TBUT), tear evaporation rate, tear film composition as well as corneal staining, we will find its significant effect and relation to digital eye strain.

Expected Results: Based on previous articles.

Results: Digital eye strain significantly affects the function of meibomian gland, thus results in altered and poor tear film that finally results in dryness of eyes.

Conclusion: Eyes with meibomian gland dysfunction, develop changes such as, reduced blink rate, shorter tear breakup time; altered tear film composition and disturbed ocular surface which adds on to symptoms of dry eye especially in chronic computer users.
A Review on Gene Therapy
Authors: Nilay Kumar Akarshan , Damke Smita
Published: January 2022

Gene therapy is an emerging concept that gives hope to people with highly fatal conditions. It’s almost three decades since the emergence of the idea of gene therapy. Since then, hundreds of medical trials have been conducted worldwide from which we not only have gained enough knowledge but have experienced the need for it in society. Even though the concept of gene therapy has experienced setbacks, success stories are increasing exponentially, proof of which are recommendations and approvals of gene therapy from various medical associations worldwide. Our knowledge has grown over the years, and during this period, we have come across various safety datahelp help us develop better gene therapy approaches. The chief concept of this procedure is to revamp the vehicles for delivery which typically are nanostructures, plasmids, and viruses. The USA and Europe have been pioneers in gene therapy for a very long period; various reports have come from Asian countries, including India, in recent times. Our knowledge of the concept of gene therapy is increasing day by day. New information and data are being analyzed regularly to help provide gene therapies for different diseases. New research has led to various new drug applications for approval at the FDA. In this review, various points, from the history of gene therapy and its requirement in today’s society to the most recent advances in gene therapy, have been discussed. It also covers the works and advances of gene therapy in India.
Miracle of Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems: Approaches for Treatment of Gastric Disorders and their Future Perspectives
Authors: Gupta Jitendra , Pandey Pawan , Gupta Reena
Published: January 2022

Nearly half of the world’s population suffers from Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and gastric disorders. It is the most common pathogenic bacteria that cause gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. Because short residence period, a narrow absorption window in the upper small intestine results in poor bioavailability with standard dosage forms. In addition, combination therapies develop antibiotics, undesirable responses, and poor patient compliance. Therefore, these drawbacks may overcome by Gastro-retentive drug delivery systems (GRDDs). A site-specific drug delivery system comes into force for boosting the therapeutic oral bioavailability, prolonging the residence site, effective medication through a small absorption window of GIT, and stimulating local effect in the stomach and duodenum. This review highlighted anatomy and physiology of gastric barrier, various GRDDS approach, merits, demerits for improving drug delivery, and future perspectives. Finally, this review may benefit researchers and industrialists working in this field.
Relationship between Desirable Fetus Gender and Type of Consumed Diet: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Yaslam Afaf Abdulrahman , Abousada Hoda Jehad , Ayyashi Rubuah Mohammed , Agala Rawan Abdulkarim , Hafiz Halah Abdulrahman , Alzahrani Hanan Misfer , Abduljabar Najwan Hassan , Alhazmi Lujain Khaled , Sahibzada Mohammed Saaduddin , Abusarir Alaa Omar , Alhrany Atheer Nasser , Sabbahi Raibal Adnan , Alshehri Wejdan Ali , Almahyawi Ghada Meshall , Naaman Nour Ahmed
Published: January 2022

Background: The fetus's development can be influenced by the mother's nutrition in a variety of ways, including the gender of the fetus. However, several research have been published that suggest a link between maternal nutrition and the baby's gender. In other words, the baby's gender can be determined by the mother's nutrition. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between maternal diet and baby gender.

Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study to spot light on the relationship between maternal diet and baby gender. Since the aim of the study was to determine the relationship between maternal diet and baby gender among Saudi, this is the suitable design for this research. The study was carried out among Saudi population. Data were collected from general population using questionnaire during the period from April to October 2021.

Results: The study included the participation of 755 women from different age groups in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The most prevalent age group was 36-40 years (n= 193, 25.6%) followed by the age group more than 40 years (n= 189, 25%) while the least frequent age group was below 22 years (n= 83, 11%). The number of participants who reported having one children were 116 participants. On asking the participants who had male babies whether they craved for special food or not, their answers varied. Salty food, pickles and potato chips were preferred among 298 participants while sweets and chocolate were the favorite food among 155 participants. The special diet is statistically significant with the baby gender at p value of 0.001.

Conclusion: The current study showed that diet preference among mothers affects the gender of the baby as the results showed. Some mothers intentionally reported following special diet in order to have specific gender.
Impact on Prognosis Following Nonanatomical Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Postoperatively Proven as Micro Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus on Histology
Authors: Komatsu Shohei , Kido Masahiro , Tanaka Motofumi , Kinoshita Hisoka , Tsugawa Daisuke , Awazu Masahide , Gon Hidetoshi , Toyama Hirochika , Ueno Kimihiko , Ajiki Tetsuo , Fujino Yasuhiro , Tominaga Masahiro , Fukumoto Takumi
Published: January 2022

Objective

The prognostic impact of intrahepatic recurrence pattern and/or operative procedure (anatomical resection [AR] and nonanatomical resection [NAR]) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with postoperatively proven portal vein tumor thrombus on histology has not yet been clearly examined.

Summary of background data

A total of 52 HCC patients who had no visible macroscopic vascular invasion preoperatively and histologically proven portal vein tumor thrombus distal to second-order portal branches after surgery were analyzed.

Methods

The overall survival and disease-free survival rates were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The risk factors for intrahepatic recurrence and distant metastasis were analyzed using the log-rank test.

Results

There was no significant difference in the overall survival rates at 5 years, based on the operative procedure. The disease-free survival rates at 3 years were 59.2% (AR group) and 30.1% (NAR group), respectively, and were statistically significant. Intrahepatic recurrence in the same remnant segment was seen in 5 patients undergoing NAR. These cases developed multiple bilobar recurrences simultaneously, including the same segment, and recurrence only in the same remnant segment was not seen in any case, irrespective of solitary or multiple recurrence.

Conclusions

Intrahepatic recurrence in the same remnant segment does not influence the disease-free survival rate in patients after NAR. Although AR would be an ideal procedure, the current study suggests NAR can achieve identical outcomes for patients who cannot be considered for AR.
RBE‐weighted dose and its impact on the risk of acute coronary event for breast cancer patients treated with intensity modulated proton therapy
Authors: Liu Chunbo , Bradley Julie A. , Zheng Dandan , Vega Raymond B. Mailhot , Beltran Chris J. , Mendenhall Nancy , Liang Xiaoying
Published: January 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the relative biological effectiveness (RBE)‐weighted dose to the heart and to estimate RBE uncertainties when assuming a constant RBE of 1.1, for breast cancer patients receiving intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT). Further, to study the impact of RBE uncertainties on the risk of an acute coronary event (ACE).

Material and methods

We analyzed 20 patients who received IMPT to either the left breast (n = 10) or left chest wall (n = 10) and regional lymph nodes. The Monte Carlo simulation engine, MCsquare, was used to simulate the dose‐averaged linear energy transfer (LETd) map. The RBE‐weighted dose to the heart and its substructures was calculated using three different RBE models. The risk of ACE was estimated per its linear relationship with mean heart dose (MHD) as established by Darby et al.

Results

The median MHD increased from 1.33 GyRBE assuming an RBE of 1.1 to 1.64, 1.87, and 1.99 GyRBE when using the RBE‐weighted dose models. The median values (and ranges) of the excess absolute risk of ACE were 0.4% (0.1%–0.8%) when assuming an RBE of 1.1, and 0.6% (0.2%–1.0%), 0.6% (0.2%–1.1%), and 0.7% (0.2%–1.1%) with the RBE‐weighted models. For our patient cohort, the maximum excess absolute risk of ACE increased by 0.3% with the RBE‐weighted doses compared to the constant RBE of 1.1, reaching an excess absolute ACE risk of 1.1%. The interpatient LETd variation was small for the relevant high‐dose regions of the heart.

Conclusion

All three RBE models predicted a higher biological dose compared to the clinical standard dose assuming a constant RBE of 1.1. An underestimation of the biological dose results in underestimation of the ACE risk. Analyzing the voxel‐by‐voxel biological dose and the LET map alongside clinical outcomes is warranted in the development of a more accurate normal‐tissue complication probability model.
A novel modified opposition‐based hunger games search algorithm to design fractional order proportional‐integral‐derivative controller for magnetic ball suspension system
Authors: Izci Davut , Ekinci Serdar , Eker Erdal , Kayri Murat
Published: January 2022

This study focuses on construction of novel enhanced metaheuristic algorithm using a modified opposition‐based learning technique and the hunger games search algorithm. The proposed modified opposition‐based hunger games search (mOBL‐HGS) algorithm is aimed to be used as an efficient tool to tune a fractional order proportional‐integral‐derivative (FOPID) controller in order to control a magnetic ball suspension system with greater flexibility. The challenging benchmark functions from CEC2017 test suite are used to confirm the greater performance of the proposed mOBL‐HGS algorithm. The proposed mOBL‐HGS algorithm is also utilized to reach the optimum values of a FOPID controller employed in a magnetic ball suspension system in order to demonstrate its capability in terms of a complex real‐world engineering problem. The latter case is confirmed through comparative evaluations of statistical analysis, convergence profile, transient response, frequency response, disturbance rejection, and robustness. The demonstrated results confirm the greater ability of the proposed approach to control a magnetic ball suspension system.
Observation of 3D Biexcitons in Pristine‐Quality CH3NH3PbBr3 Single Crystals
Authors: Ryu Hongsun , Park Jeehong , Nam Seo Hyun , Park Joon Woo , Kim Kitae , Yi Yeonjin , Jang Joon I.
Published: January 2022

Halide perovskites (HPs) are fascinating materials whose optoelectronic properties are arguably excitonic. In the HP family, biexcitons are known to exist only in low dimensions where exciton–exciton binding is strongly enhanced by quantum and dielectric confinements. In this paper, however, it is shown that they indeed do exist in 3D bulk CH3NH3PbBr3 (MAPbBr3) single crystals if the pristine crystal quality is ensured for subtle binding of two excitons. The existence of biexcitons is clearly evidenced below 30 K with a binding energy of ≈3.9 ± 0.3 meV according to i) exciton–biexciton population dynamics, ii) giant resonant two‐photon excitation of biexcitons, iii) inverted Boltzmann‐type spectral feature, and iv) zero degree of circular polarization in the biexciton photoluminescence. Because of the polariton effect, the two‐photon resonance occurs at the excited biexciton state from which longitudinal‐transverse splitting is calculated to be 3.7 meV. The discovery of the 3D biexcitons underscores the very quality of HP crystals for generating various many‐body excitonic phases in MAPbBr3 and its analogues toward the improved understanding of their fundamental properties and highly efficient optoelectronic applications.
A Tissue Adhesion‐Controllable and Biocompatible Small‐Scale Hydrogel Adhesive Robot
Authors: Lee Yun‐Woo , Chun Sungwoo , Son Donghoon , Hu Xinghao , Schneider Martina , Sitti Metin
Published: January 2022

Recently, the realization of minimally invasive medical interventions on targeted tissues using wireless small‐scale medical robots has received an increasing attention. For effective implementation, such robots should have a strong adhesion capability to biological tissues and at the same time easy controlled detachment should be possible, which has been challenging. To address such issue, a small‐scale soft robot with octopus‐inspired hydrogel adhesive (OHA) is proposed. Hydrogels of different Young's moduli are adapted to achieve a biocompatible adhesive with strong wet adhesion by preventing the collapse of the octopus‐inspired patterns during preloading. Introduction of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel for dome‐like protuberance structure inside the sucker wall of polyethylene glycol diacrylate hydrogel provides a strong tissue attachment in underwater and at the same time enables easy detachment by temperature changes due to its temperature‐dependent volume change property. It is finally demonstrated that the small‐scale soft OHA robot can efficiently implement biomedical functions owing to strong adhesion and controllable detachment on biological tissues while operating inside the body. Such robots with repeatable tissue attachment and detachment possibility pave the way for future wireless soft miniature robots with minimally invasive medical interventions.
An Energy‐Storing DNA‐Based Nanocomplex for Laser‐Free Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhao Huaixin , Li Linghui , Li Feng , Liu Chunxia , Huang Mengxue , Li Jiao , Gao Feng , Ruan Xinhua , Yang Dayong
Published: January 2022

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic strategy that is dependent on external light irradiation that faces a major challenge in cancer treatment due to the poor tissue‐penetration depths of light irradiation. Herein, a DNA nanocomplex that integrates persistent‐luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) is developed, which realizes tumor‐site glutathione‐activated PDT for breast cancer without exogenous laser excitation. The scaffold of the nanocomplex is AS1411‐aptamer‐encoded ultralong single‐stranded DNA chain with two functions: i) providing sufficient intercalation sites for the photosensitizer, and ii) recognizing nucleolin that specifically overexpresses on the surface of cancer cells. The PLNPs in the nanocomplex are energy‐charged to act as a self‐illuminant and coated with a shell of MnO2 for blocking energy degradation. In response to the overexpressed glutathione in cancer cells, the MnO2 shell decomposes to provide Mn2+ to catalytically produce O2, which is essential to PDT. Meanwhile, PLNPs are released and act as a self‐illuminant to activate the photosensitizer to convert O2 into cytotoxic 1O2. Significant tumor inhibition effects are demonstrated in breast tumor xenograft models without exogenous laser excitation. It is envisioned that a laser‐excitation‐free PDT strategy enabled by the PLNP–DNA nanocomplex promotes the development of PDT and provides a new local therapeutic approach.