bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El concepto de "fraternidad" como valor democrático en la política mexicana
Authors: Ordóñez Joaquín
Published: October 2021

Introduction: it is intended to demonstrate that fraternity as a democratic value and as a concept that must be applied to the Mexican reality is not so. Objective: to show that, by not fully applying fraternity, the other two values ​​of democracy (freedom and equality) are harmed to the detriment of Mexican democracy as a form of government. Materials and method: analysis in the national political context, based on the ineffective action of the state authorities that has caused social discontent and citizen mistrust and starts from the conceptual analysis of the aforementioned values ​​as units of both theoretical and legal discourse. Results and conclusions: despite the fact that fraternity is not expressly codified in the law, the concepts of freedom, equality, respect, dignity, general interest, non-discrimination, solidarity, human rights, etc., refer to it directly, in addition to that it can be more important than freedom and equality and that ethical and moral aspects can be the basis for considering the other and thus avoiding individualism, ambition and selfishness derived, generally, from capitalist policies.
Gran universo del lenguaje
Authors: Andrade Arroyo Arif Asor , Barrios Márquez Elías Jacob , González Ortíz Ricardo David
Published: October 2021

Introduction and objective: in this article we analyze the possibility of extending the application of the concept of language, beyond the human as subject and possessor of this, including animals -not human- within its widest definition. Method or methodology: first, a review is made of some epistemological contributions related to the theory of language in its philosophical, psychological and linguistic dimension. Subsequently, the constitutive elements of the theories are reviewed, seeking to identify those positions that imply a conceptual confusion of the elements that make up the totality of the concept of language, to finally establish Conclusions and results: there is an assimilation between what is meant by language and language, which has led to the exclusion of animals -not human- in the category of language holders, when it is a question of the lack of a structured and systematized language on the part of the latter
Assessment of the feasibility of returning Chernobyl-affected radioactively contaminated agricultural lands in the Mogilev region of Belarus to agricultural cycle
Authors:   State Research Institute of Economics of the Ministry of economy of the Republic of Belarus, Minsk, Miarzlova V.A. ,   Mogilev branch Research Institute of Radiology (RIR), Mogilev
Published: October 2021

The nuclear accident at the Chernobyl NPP caused radioactive contamination of large areas of agricultural lands in the Republic of Belarus; 265 thousand hectares of the lands were withdrawn from agricultural turnover. Later 75% of these lands were transferred to forestry enterprises and environmental protection organizations. According to ecological and economic assessments of the feasibility of returning the retiring land in the Mogilev region to full economic activity based on the outcomes of comprehensive inventory of 2014-2016 only 23% of the land areas could be re-stored. At the same time, due to the irreversible radioactive decay it is possible to assess future positive changes in radiological situation and the possibility of recovering of the land, previously recognized as radioactively dangerous, and returning into the agricultural use. The issues con-sidered in the article aim at the assessment of the future changes in the levels of radiation con-tamination of local areas and shows the prospects for their further arable and meadow use.
Features of background radiation of different St. Petersburg districts
Authors:   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Puzyrev V.G. , Vasilyeva I.V. ,   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Zemlyanoi D.A. ,   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Kapyrina Y.N. ,   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University
Published: October 2021

Radiation safety takes an essential part in the megalopolises' ecological system. Nowadays the influence of radiation factor on the biosphere is considered one of the determining factors and it causes the necessity to monitor the environmental and radiation safety of the population. The aim of the study is a comparative assessment of the ambient equivalent dose rate (ADER) of gamma radiation according to automated radiation monitoring system (АSКRО) data and its own measurements in the South-Western district of St. Petersburg. The article presents an analysis of the radiation background of St. Petersburg over the past five years based on the data of the АSКRО, as well as the results of own measurements of the ADER in the South-Western district of St. Petersburg using the dosimeter-radiometer "Ecologist profi". When analyzing the radiation levels of various districts of St. Petersburg, it was found that the regions with a relatively higher level of ADER included the Central and South-Western regions. The results of our own meas-urements are comparable with the data from АSКRО; there are no significant differences be-tween the data samples. The results of the study show that the АSКRО data can be used for a general description of the radiation situation in certain areas of St. Petersburg, but they can not serve as a substitute for operational radiation control (monitoring). It is necessary to constantly control and monitor the radiation situation in the region in order to obtain information for timely detection of changes in the radiation situation and to prevent possible negative consequences of radiation exposure for the population and the natural environment.
Hybrid monitoring concept development. Modeling of pulse height spectra of gamma-radiation emitted from radioactive cloud released from NPP
Authors:   Nuclear Safety Institute of RAS, Bakin R.I. , Kiselev A.A. ,   Nuclear Safety Institute of RAS, Ilichev E.A. ,   Nuclear Safety Institute of RAS, Shvedov M.A. ,   Nuclear Safety Institute of RAS, Zaryanov A.V. ,   Nuclear Safety Institute of RAS
Published: October 2021

In emergency situations with the release of radioactivity to the environment, possible radiation doses to the affected public are estimated with computational modeling. However, it should be noted that the estimates to a certain degree depend on various calculation parameters that may make the predicted radiation doses inconclusive. To reduce occurring uncertainties is possible by adjusting estimated outcomes with measurement data. The gamma-radiation spectra from the released radioactive cloud is measured by systems for radiation situation monitoring in the area surrounding the source of radioactive materials release. The feasibility study aimed at obtaining information needed for improvement of radiation doses estimates quality should be carried out. Due to certain problems related to performance of experimental work, there is the need to devel-op new approach to calculate gamma-spectra of radioactivity emitted from the released cloud. The solution of this problem will allow to select the parameters of equipment and measurement parameters necessary for adjusting the forecasts of radiation doses to the population in a case of accidents with a radiation factor based on the results of processing gamma radiation spectra.
Development of a Mobile Health Application for HIV Prevention Among At-Risk Populations in Urban Settings in East Africa: A Participatory Design Approach
Authors: Mauka Wilhellmuss , Mbotwa Christopher , Moen Kåre , Lichtwarck Hanne Ochieng , Haaland Inga , Kazaura Method , Leyna Germana H , Leshabari Melkizedeck T , Mmbaga Elia J
Published: October 2021

Background

There is limited evidence in Africa on the design and development of mobile health (mHealth) applications to guide best practices and ensure effectiveness. A pragmatic trial for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis roll-out among key populations in Tanzania is needed.

Objective

We present the results of the development of a mobile app (Jichunge) intended to promote adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM) and female sex workers (FSW) in Tanzania.

Methods

A participatory design approach was employed and guided by the information system research framework. MSM and FSW were the target populations. A total of 15 MSM and 15 FSW were engaged in the relevance and design cycles, while the piloting phase included 10 MSM and 20 FSW.

Results

The relevance cycle enabled the description of the existing problem, provided the compatible app features for the target population, and identified the need to develop an mHealth app that provides health services in a stigmatizing and discriminating environment. User involvement in the app’s design and evaluation provided an opportunity to incorporate social, cultural, and community-specific features that ensured usability. In addition, the participants suggested valuable information to inform the app, text message services, medication registration, and chat platform designs.

Conclusions

The participatory design approach in the development of mHealth apps is useful in identifying and validating population-specific functional features, improve usability, and ensuring future health impacts. Through this participatory process, the Jichunge app took end-user needs, perspectives, and experiences into account, eliciting enthusiasm regarding its potential role in supporting pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence for HIV and related behavioral change promotion.

Trial Registration

International Clinical Trials Registry Platform PACTR202003823226570; https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=PACTR202003823226570
Acceptability, Feasibility, and Quality of Telehealth for Adolescent Health Care Delivery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Study of Patient and Family Experiences
Authors: Wood Sarah M , Pickel Julia , Phillips Alexis W , Baber Kari , Chuo John , Maleki Pegah , Faust Haley L , Petsis Danielle , Apple Danielle E , Dowshen Nadia , Schwartz Lisa A
Published: October 2021

Background

Data regarding the acceptability, feasibility, and quality of telehealth among adolescents and young adults (AYA) and their parents and caregivers (caregivers) are lacking.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the noninferiority of telehealth versus in-person visits by comparing acceptability with respect to efficiency, effectiveness, equity, patient-centeredness, and confidentiality.

Methods

Cross-sectional web-based surveys were sent to caregivers and AYA following video visits within an Adolescent Medicine subspecialty clinic in May-July 2020. Proportions of AYA and caregivers who rated telehealth as noninferior were compared using chi-squared tests. Feasibility was assessed via items measuring technical difficulties. Deductive thematic analysis using the Institute of Medicine dimensions of health care quality was used to code open-ended question responses.

Results

Survey response rates were 20.5% (55/268) for AYA and 21.8% (123/563) for caregivers. The majority of the respondents were White cisgender females. Most AYA and caregivers rated telehealth as noninferior to in-person visits with respect to confidentiality, communication, medication management, and mental health care. A higher proportion of AYA compared to caregivers found telehealth inferior with respect to confidentiality (11/51, 22% vs 3/118, 2.5%, P<.001). One-quarter (14/55) of the AYA patients and 31.7% (39/123) of the caregivers reported technical difficulties. The dominant themes in the qualitative data included advantages of telehealth for efficiency and equity of health care delivery. However, respondents’ concerns included reduced safety and effectiveness of care, particularly for patients with eating disorders, owing to lack of hands-on examinations, collection of vital signs, and laboratory testing.

Conclusions

Telehealth was highly acceptable among AYA and caregivers. Future optimization should include improving privacy, ameliorating technical difficulties, and standardizing at-home methods of obtaining patient data to assure patient safety.
Transplant Clinician Opinions on Use of Race in the Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate
Authors: Doshi Mona D. , Singh Neeraj , Hippen Benjamin E. , Woodside Kenneth J. , Mohan Prince , Byford Hannah L. , Cooper Matthew , Dadhania Darshana M. , Ainapurapu Sruthi , Lentine Krista L.
Published: October 2021

Background and objectives

Current race-based eGFR calculators assign a higher eGFR value to Black patients, which could affect the care of kidney transplant candidates and potential living donors.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We conducted a survey of staff at adult kidney transplant centers in the United States (December 17, 2020 to February 28, 2021) to assess opinions on use of race-based eGFR equations for waitlisting and living donor candidate evaluation, availability of serum cystatin C testing and measured GFR, and related practices.

Results

Respondents represented 57% (124 of 218) of adult kidney transplant programs, and the responding centers conducted 70% of recent kidney transplant volume. Most (93%) programs use serum creatinine–based eGFR for listing candidates. However, only 6% of respondents felt that current race-based eGFR calculators are appropriate, with desire for change grounded in concerns for promotion of health care disparities by current equations and inaccuracies in reporting of race. Most respondents (70%) believed that elimination of race would allow more preemptive waitlisting for Black patients, but a majority (79%) also raised concerns that such an approach could incur harms. More than one third of the responding programs lacked or were unsure of availability of testing for cystatin C or measured GFR. At this time, 40% of represented centers did not plan to remove race from eGFR calculators, 46% were planning to remove, and 15% had already done so. There was substantial variability in eGFR reporting and listing of multiracial patients with some Black ancestry. There was no difference in GFR acceptance thresholds for Black versus non-Black living donors.

Conclusions

This national survey highlights a broad consensus that extant approaches to GFR estimation are unsatisfactory, but it also identified a range of current opinions.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTIFUNGAL NANOGEL FOR TOPICAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: PATIL ANASUYA , KONTAMWAR PRANOTI
Published: October 2021

Objective:

Ciclopirox olamine has been used as antifungal agent. It is used as topical formulation because oral route causes irritation and ulceration of GIT. In this research work, antifungal nanogel formulated to reduce size of particle, improve in-vitro release and in-vivo release.

Methods:

Ciclopirox olamine nanogel was prepared by homogenization technique and incorporation of gelling agent to produce nanogel. Ciclopirox olamine nanogel formulated using Carbopol 940.

Results:

Antigungal Nanogels (F1-F6) were subjected to FT-IR analysis and showed no interaction between the drug and excipients. The best formulation (F6) elicited the high in-vitro release of 83.42 % at 8 hours; zeta-potential and particle size, obtained values were 230 nm and -27 mV correspondingly. In-vitro release kinetic models were shown that formulation-F6 follows First-order kinetics and high regression coefficient value r2 0.9866. SEM image of the best formulation-F6 depicts that no breakage of nanogel. The differential scanning calorimetry thermogram of ciclopirox olamine was found to be 140.09.7°C. The DSC thermogram of physical mixture of carbopol 940 and Euragit-S 100 was found to be 1290C and 218 0C. DSC study of nanogel (F6) showed no interaction between drug and excipients. The best formulation-F6 was subjected to in-vivo study on mice which showed better effect in treating dermatitis.

Conclusion:

It would be concluded that the best formulation-F6 which elicited better in-vitro drug release and enhanced dermatitis scoring.

Keywords: Ciclopirox-olamine, Eudragit-S100, Glycerol, Dermatitis, Carbopol-940, Cellophane membrane.
REDUCTIONS IN MEDICATION WASTAGE AND COSTS IN A PEDIATRIC INTENSIVE CARE UNIT BY CHANGING THE ORDER ENTRY SYSTEM
Authors: KHORSHIDI-MALAHMADI IMAN , SIMA SETAREH , ALLAMEH ZAHRA
Published: October 2021

Objective: The intensive care unit (ICU) drug therapies have a significant impact on hospital costs, and reducing these costs has become a critical concern for hospitals. In this study, the researchers tested the theory on whether changing the ordering system of medications in the pediatric ICU (PICU)1, reduces drug wastage so that the nurse can request a fraction of one vial or ampule. More precisely, the study aimed to reduce the medication cost and wastage in our pediatric center. Methods: This study was conducted in the 16-bed PICU of Imam Hossein Hospital, which is a referral tertiary care teaching pediatric hospital with 185 beds in ten wards. A fractional ordering alternative was added to the hospital information system of the PICU of the pediatric hospital. Nurses were taught by the hospital pharmacist to understand the new way of ordering the drugs. Several highly used drugs were chosen for the intervention. The data were analyzed by an independent sample t-test using SPSS software. Results: Based on the results, changing the method of requesting medications for PICU patients and the random checking of floor stocks and the expired drugs in PICU reduced the number and cost of all medications. Conclusion: Overall, the collaboration of nurses and pharmacists can lead to cost savings in hospitals.
BIOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF CHRONIC CONSUMPTION OF MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE ON LIVER OF WISTAR ALBINO RATS
Authors: THANGACHI SURENDRA BABU , MOKHASI VARSHA SRIRAM , CHENOLY SHABINA KOMATH
Published: October 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if there were any harmful effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on the liver of Wistar albino rats chronically at three different doses, namely, low, mid, and high doses equivalent to human consumption doses in developing countries.
Methods: The Wistar albino rats (n=24) were divided into four groups, namely control, Low dose MSG (180 mg/kg), Mid dose MSG (360 mg/kg), and High dose MSG (720 mg/kg). At the end of the experimental period (120 days), animal blood was collected retro-orbitally to analyze the liver enzymes such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Total protein, Albumin, and Total Bilirubin in blood serum. Lipid profiles, namely, Triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and Total cholesterol were subjected to analysis using blood serum.
Results: Significant increase (p<0.05) in AST, ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin in serum of MSG induced low, mid, and high dose groups when compared to control group were recorded. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in LDL, decrease in HDL, increase in total cholesterol and triglycerides of MSG-induced animal groups.
Conclusion: The effects of MSG on serum liver enzymes and lipid profiles in this present animal study were not severely alarming even though the dosage was chronic which opens further discussion on the controversies revolving around MSG.
CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILE OF NON LACTOSE FERMENTING GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL ISOLATES IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL OF CENTRAL INDIA
Authors: MEHTA ABHISHEK , KR DIWAKAR MANISH
Published: October 2021

Objectives: The non-lactose fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NLF-GNB) are notorious pathogens reportedly acquiring multiple drug resistance alarmingly and emerging as a public health threat globally. This study was conducted to isolate and identify these pathogens from clinical samples received routinely in our Bacteriology Laboratory and to analyze their antibiotic susceptibility patterns.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the first 100 NLF-GNB strains isolated consecutively from 1218 clinical samples were included through convenience sampling. The samples were processed using standard microbiological techniques.
Results: The most common isolate was Pseudomonas aeruginosa followed by Acinetobacter spp, Proteus spp, Shigella spp, Salmonella typhi, Providencia spp., and Morganella spp. P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. isolates were found to exhibit high susceptibility toward Colistin and Imipenem. Proteus spp. exhibited high sensitivity toward Imipenem, Aminoglycosides, Ceftazidime, and Cefepime. All Providencia isolates were susceptible to Amikacin, Cefepime, and Ceftriaxone. The only isolate of Morganella spp. was found to be susceptible to Amikacin, Cefepime, Ceftazidime, Piperacillin tazobactam, Ciprofloxacin, Imipenem, and Aztreonam. Shigella isolates exhibited very high susceptibility toward Imipenem followed by Gentamicin and Ceftazidime. All the isolates of S. typhi exhibited susceptibility toward Imipenem, Piperacillin tazobactam, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Cefoperazone sulbactam, and Chloramphenicol. 24% of test isolates were found to be Multidrug resistant.
Conclusion: Antimicrobial surveillance is needed to implement appropriate timely interventions to restrict the spread of multidrug-resistant clones. Strict infection prevention and control practices, with judicious antibiotic prescription policy, may help in tackling this problem by obviating the selection pressure.
A RANDOMISED CONTROL STUDY TO COMPARE THE EFFICACY OF CEFUROXIME, CLARITHROMYCIN, AND LEVOFLOXACIN IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PAEDIATRIC UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION
Authors: PADUGUNDLA GOUTHAMI , V JYOTHIRMAYEE , RAVALI BETHALA , ARUNDHATHI JAGILLAPURAM , SRILATHA THAKUR , NISSI NOORBASHA , ANJUM ARSHIYA
Published: October 2021

Background: The upper respiratory infections cause considerable morbidity mainly in children due to the fact that they mainly affect children. Accordingly, a study was conducted on antibiotics to compare the effectiveness of clarithromycin, cefuroxime, and levofloxacin for treating upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) in children. Methods: A prospective observational study for a period of 6 months was conducted in the pediatrics department of RVM hospital. Outpatients under the age of 14 years given antibiotics for the treatment of URTI were included in the study. A total of 99 study subjects were included in the study, divided into three groups each containing 33 sample sizes (clarithromycin, cefuroxime, and levofloxacin). Patient data was collected using a form and verbal consent was obtained from patients/patient representatives, and drugs were given using the lottery method. Follow-up was done and noted for the 3rd, 5th, 7th day through telephonic calls, and the collected data were evaluated using statistical analysis. Results: Pool data from 99 patients shows that many patients belong to 0–5 years age groups (age distribution), and males were more than female (gender distribution). Clarithromycin (cure rate 3 days) and cefuroxime (cure rate 5 days) showed an equal rate of cure percentage (94%), while levofloxacin for 3–5 days with a 3% failure rate. A significant difference of p<0.05 (p=0.000) was observed and no adverse events were noted. Conclusion: The study findings showed, out of 3 drugs, clarithromycin and cefuroxime showed an equal efficacy rate of 94%, but clarithromycin showed shorter duration of outcome, i.e., 3 days. Hence, clarithromycin is effective than the other two drugs in the treatment of URTI.
ON THE EFFECT OF THE SIDE FLOW OF 316L STAINLESS STEEL IN THE FINISH TURNING PROCESS UNDER DRY CONDITIONS
Authors: Leksycki Kamil , Feldshtein Eugene , Ociepa Michał
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of the research on the plastic flow in the finish turning of 316L (X2CrNiMo17-12-2) stainless steel under dry cutting conditions. The steel was turned at variable cutting speeds and a constant depth of cut. The investigations were based on the Parameter Space Investigation method (PSI) which allowed minimizing the number of test points. It was observed that the phenomenon of slide flow occurred in the range of cutting speeds and feed rates under examination and its intensity depended on the values of these parameters. The phenomenon was more intense in the range of medium and higher cutting speeds and lower feed rates. The side flow results in significant changes between the real and theoretical values of roughness parameter Rz, which range from 40% up to even 330%.
MOMENT LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS AND STOCHASTIC STABILITY OF A THIN-WALLED BEAM SUBJECTED TO AXIAL LOADS AND END MOMENTS
Authors: Janevski Goran , Kozić Predrag , Pavlović Ratko , Posavljak Strain
Published: October 2021

In this paper, the Lyapunov exponent and moment Lyapunov exponents of two degrees-of-freedom linear systems subjected to white noise parametric excitation are investigated. The method of regular perturbation is used to determine the explicit asymptotic expressions for these exponents in the presence of small intensity noises. The Lyapunov exponent and moment Lyapunov exponents are important characteristics for determining both the almost-sure and the moment stability of a stochastic dynamic system. As an example, we study the almost-sure and moment stability of a thin-walled beam subjected to stochastic axial load and stochastically fluctuating end moments.  The validity of the approximate results for moment Lyapunov exponents is checked by numerical Monte Carlo simulation method for this stochastic system.
Expansión, innovación y modernización hospitalaria en la ciudad de México
Authors: Agostoni Claudia
Published: October 2021

Las reformas y las innovaciones por las que atravesaron las instituciones hospitalarias durante el transcurso de la primera mitad del siglo pasado fueron empresas ampliamente compartidas en el ámbito internacional. El artículo busca destacar la interacción y la circulación de ideas y proyectos en torno al polifacético concepto de “modernidad hospitalaria”, un término en constante movimiento y de enorme plasticidad que fue central para la reforma hospitalaria emprendida en la ciudad de México durante el transcurso de la primera mitad del siglo pasado. De igual forma, el artículo presta atención a las pautas, modelos y redes de expertos internacionales en renovación hospitalaria —de los que México formó parte— con la finalidad de enriquecer la historia del proyecto o plan nacional de hospitales durante los años iniciales de la década de 1940.
Industria del vidrio en la ciudad de México, 1830-1899
Authors: Peralta Rodríguez José Roberto
Published: October 2021

Este trabajo analiza el desarrollo de labores fabriles en la ciudad de México en el siglo XIX, no investigadas hasta ahora, entre ellas la producción de vidrio. Esta producción fue realizada en siete establecimientos ubicados en la periferia citadina con la participación de al menos ciento cuarenta y nueve menestrales con diferentes  especializaciones y practicantes de oficios varios, actividades profesionales e industriales. Los productos generados fueron diversos y suministrados a establecimientos de consumo de alimentos y bebidas, así como a empresas fabriles administradas por intermediarios europeos y productores capitalinos. La importación de vidrio europeo no debilitó esta industria.
Sobre José Antonio Serrano y Manuel Chust, ¡A las armas! Milicia cívica, revolución liberal y federalismo en México (1812-1846)
Authors: Guzmán Pérez Moisés
Published: October 2021

Reseña sobre José Antonio Serrano y Manuel Chust. ¡A las armas! Milicia cívica, revolución liberal y federalismo en México (1812-1846). España: Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo/Marcial Pons (Historia Contemporánea de América), 2018, 173 p.
Review Paper on Locomotives in Trains
Authors: Sehgal Deepak
Published: October 2021

Abstract: This document gives information about the locomotives used in the train on how to working itself by motion transfer from one to another. In this, era the steam locomotive has been transformed in appearance and characteristics. The diesel engine has been applied to passengers and freight trains. Many of the ideas concerning the application of electric locomotive are still valid today, but progress in transportation engineering has become so accelerated.
Single Image De-Raining using Supervised CNN Model
Authors: Hanji Dr. Geeta
Published: October 2021

Abstract: An image captured in rain reduces the visibility quality of image which affects the analytical task like detecting objects and classifying pictures. Hence, image de-raining became important in last few years. Since pictures taken in rain include rain streaks of all sizes, single image de-raining is becoming much difficult issue to solve, which may flow in different direction and the density of each rain streak is different. Rain streaks have a varied effect on various areas of picture, and hence it becomes important for removing rain streak from rainy pictures as rainy images tend to lose its high frequency information; previously many methods were proposed for this purpose but they failed to provide accurate results. Hence we have studied and implemented a supervised machine learning method using convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm to get more accurate result of rain streak removal from an image captured during rain and in less elapsed time by preserving high rated information of image during removal of rain streak. Keywords: CNN, elapsed time, single image de-raining, supervised machine learning, rain streaks.
SPACE: Social Platform Assisting Community of Entrepreneurs
Authors: M Nanda Kumar
Published: October 2021

Abstract: Entrepreneurship is a process which promotes individuals to create or establish new businesses. Entrepreneurship not only, helps the person practising it, but also plays a major role in improving a country’s economic value. A country that is rich in resources should also be able to channelize those resources. This will be done with the promotion of entrepreneurship as it deals with the upbringing of many new businesses. The journey of an entrepreneur is not a cake walk either. One might experience various kinds of problems from finding an opportunity to solve a problem to maintaining the credibility of the company one might establish over the years. Over the years entrepreneurs find problems or opportunities by being an expert in a certain field, observing the society around them, or by interviewing people present in the domain of their interest. The proposed solution aims at providing a social media platform to the budding entrepreneurs to explore a wide range of problem areas that exist in the society. One can claim the problem that they might find interesting showing their interest towards solving the problem by coming up with an innovative solution. The platform also aims at providing the entrepreneurs with a wider range of users or customers based on their field of operation. This helps them to conduct surveys and market their products to the targeted customers. Keywords: Entrepreneurs, Consumers, Investors, problems, surveys, business plans, opportunities, social media.
Lactic Acid Bacteria as A Bio Preservative: Importance and Production
Authors: Gawade Pranotee
Published: October 2021

Abstract: Biopreservation is the method of employing natural microflora and their antimicrobial compounds to extend the storage life and improve the safety of foods. Streptococcus lactis was the first pure strain of lactic acid bacteria which was isolated from milk by Liszt. He named it bacterium lactis. Lactic acid bacteria are gram-positive, acid-tolerant, have low Guanine-Cytosine content and are generally non-sporulating, non-respiring, either spherical cocci or rod-shaped bacilli bacteria that share most of them their metabolic and physiological characteristics. These bacteria are mostly present in decomposing plants and milk products. They have an increased tolerance to acidity. Most species are incapable of respiration and therefore media used for lactic acid bacteria include a carbohydrate source. At the end of carbohydrate fermentation, these bacteria give out lactic acid as a major end product. The review focuses on the process of lactic acid production by lactic acid bacteria and its expanding importance in a variety of disciplines. Keywords: Lactic acid bacteria, bio preservative, food, microflora
Testing and Analysis of Fasteners
Authors: Adhikari Omkar
Published: October 2021

Abstract: By considering the tightening process, the experimental testing will be conducted to explore the mechanism of bolt selfloosening under biaxial loading. The most common mode of failure is overloading: Operating forces of the application produce loads that exceed the clamp load, causing the joint to loosen over time or fail catastrophically. Over torque might cause failure by damaging the threads and deforming the fastener, though this can happen over a very long time. Also, the bolts may fail under fatigue. The components used in the system are bolts, pneumatic cylinder and flow control valve. The pneumatic cylinder is actuated with the help of compressor. The flow of air in the cylinder will be controlled with the help of pneumatic cylinder which will be acted on the bolts in two directions that is from downward & upward direction. This means the load will be tensile and shearing load. The bolts are attached to the plates. Because of actuation of the pneumatic cylinder the bolts will become loose. These bolts will be tested by using biaxial loading. The result & conclusion was drawn after the experimental testing. Keywords: Bi-axial Loading, Fasteners, Bolt Loosening, Residual Torque, Fastener Overloading
Energy­Saving Lighting of Agricultural Premises and its Parameters Calculation
Authors: Yuferev L. Yu.
Published: October 2021

he properly selected lighting for livestock farms is noted to ensure the optimal productivity of bred animals and poultry and to generate profit for the enterprise. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to substantiate the parameters of energy-saving lighting for agricultural premises and to develop methods for its calculation. (Materials and methods)  It has been shown that greenhouse farms most often use high and low pressure sodium lamps for lighting, but their spectrum only partially substitutes the natural one. It has been assumed that expanding the spectrum and approximating it to the solar one could improve product quality and yield. It has been stated that incandescent and fluorescent lamps are traditionally used to illuminate livestock and poultry premises, but they cannot create a lighting system with a «dawn - sunset» function, and their spectrum does not correspond to the full range perceived by animals and birds. It has been noted that the LED light sources’ functioning has such features that make the application of standard calculation methods impossible. We obtained formulas for calculating the light level and flux of photons. (Results and discussion) We provided examples of applying the energy-saving lighting systems developed by us in poultry houses with floor housing system, in cowsheds with tethered housing system and in an experimental phyto-laboratory for growing seedlings. It has been found that after replacing the lighting system based on DRL-125 lamps with a new one, with 36 nine-watt LED lamps, the power consumption decreased from 2,250 to 336 watts, the average light level increased and amounted to 90 lux, while the  illumination uniformity and color rendition improved. We have developed a resonant power supply system for LEDs to create lighting systems with a «sunrise - sunset» function. (Conclusions)  We have shown the possibility and provided examples of using the developed by us energy-saving controlled lighting systems based on LED light sources.
Results of the Water Quality Study Within the Luga­-Balt-­2 International Project
Authors: Ranta-Korhonen Tuija , Markova M. V. , Vasilev E. V. , Ogluzdin A. S. , Vasileva N. S.
Published: October 2021

The authors noted the transboundary nature of anthropogenic impact on the environment, including that on water bodies, which needs to be studied in an international format. (Research purpose) To determine the water state of the Urpolanjoki River in the Mikkeli area in Finland and the Luga River in Russia in order to prepare proposals for improvement. (Materials and methods) Water quality was specified by 11 parameters by sampling and analyzing them in the laboratory. Additionally, 1South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences carried out online monitoring using the YSI 6920-V2 continuous water probe. The authors used standard methods of processing statistical, field data. (Results and discussion) The authors revealed good, stable during the entire monitoring period, water quality in the Urpolanjoki River. The authors showed that the water quality in the Luga River deteriorates downstream, in particular, due to the agricultural and livestock farms’ activities near the river basin. Thus, the Kjeldahl nitrogen and total phosphorus content at the upstream point is 10.8 milligrams and 119 micrograms per liter, respectively, and at the downstream point, it is only 1.6 milligrams and 28 micrograms, respectively. (Conclusions) It was determined that the analyzed indicators correspond to the category of good quality: the level of water oxygen saturation fluctuated within 88.76-117.83 per cent during the monitoring period; the color was 30 milligrams per liter on the platinum-cobalt scale, which means a low humus content in the water; the presence of solids in the water ranged from 1.1 to 2.4 milligrams per liter; the total phosphorus content in water is below 9.2 micrograms per liter, that is, within the normal limits. During the monitoring of the Luga River, a clear influence of nearby agricultural enterprises and settlements was detected.
Electric Drive for an Agricultural Vehicle
Authors: Sporov A. P. , Pisarev D. Yu. , Parakhnich A. S.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The authors showed the relevance of creating agricultural machines using an electric drive. (Research purpose) The research objective is to develop an experimental prototype vehicle using an electrical schematic diagram of charge and electric drive control. (Materials and methods) The VAZ 111 Oka car was chosen as an experimental vehicle model with an electric drive, since it has a light weight of 645 kilograms, a simple design and a low cost. Mechanical characteristics of the electric motor were calculated and a frequency converter was chosen to control the electric drive.  Laboratory bench tests were conducted. (Results and discussion)The authors   installed storage batteries to power the electric drive, developed an electrical circuit schematics getting charged from a 220 volt alternating voltage network, and received graphs for the discharge of a 40-storage-battery power supply. (Conclusions) An electrical schematic diagram of charge and electric drive control was developed and implemented on an experimental vehicle model. It was determined that at the electric motor continuous operation with the load current of 1 ampere, the batteries get discharged within 104 minutes;  with the current  load of 2 amperes, they get  discharged within 83 minutes; with 3 amperes – within 65 minutes, and with 5 amperes – within 50 minutes, which is enough to drive around the farm. The authors graphically depicted the dependence of the available capacity level on the voltage, as well as the batteries’ discharge on the time at various load currents. The authors carried out two experimental studies on storage batteries’ charging from alternating voltage with the current of 2 and 3 amperes: in the first case, the charging time was 350 minutes, in the second – 310 minutes. It was found out that when using the developed scheme, the batteries are charged evenly.
Technical Configurations of a Helicopter Type Unmanned Aerial System for Pesticide and Fertilizer Application
Authors: Marchenko L. A. , Myzin M. V. , Kuznetsov I. V. , Spiridonov A. Yu.
Published: October 2021

It was noted that when forming the configurations of an unmanned aerial system for pesticide and fertilizer application, it is necessary to take into account the interdependence of unmanned and ground-based aerial systems. (Research purpose) To develop the configurations of an unmanned aerial system for pesticide and fertilizer application. (Materials and methods) The authors used Methodological recommendations on the use of chemicals in the precision farming system (VIM), regulatory and technical documentation for unmanned aerial systems. (Results and discussion) The authors developed a flowchart of the algorithm for forming the configurations of a helicopter type unmanned aerial system for fertilizer and pesticide application, including the formation of both unmanned and ground-based aerial systems. The authors calculated the aerodynamic characteristics of an unmanned coaxial rotor aircraft with a take-off weight of 280 kilograms and a payload of 100 kilograms. A modular-designed sprayer was offered. The authors substantiated the structure of the ground-based aerial complex in the form of a mobile transporter-tanker with a basic transport platform, lifting and transporting and refueling modules, and a universal ground control panel for the pilot-operator. (Conclusions) The authors formed reasonable configurations of a helicopter type unmanned aerial system for pesticide and fertilizer differentiated application in the precision farming system. Aircraft performance limitations were identified for the application of fertilizers and pesticides by a helicopter type unmanned aerial vehicle: the payload of at least 100 kilograms, the operating altitude of 1.0-1.5 meters when bypassing the agricultural field topography and avoiding possible obstacles, the operating airspeed kept below 60 kilometers per hour, automatic take-off and landing on a limited area, autoflight at the speed of 60 kilometers per hour at a one meter altitude in a tacking mode. It was showed that the static ceiling margin, without taking the earth influence into account, with a 280-kilogram flight mass, is 1300 meters, which allows flying in mountainous areas, for example, for the treatment of vineyards with pesticides.
Development of an Energy­Efficient Microclimate System for Dairy Herd Loose Keeping
Authors: Dovlatov I. M. , Yurochka S. S.
Published: October 2021

The authors studied the scientific and technical literature regarding the microclimate influence on dairy cattle productivity. It was found out that the building microclimate parameter deviation from certain limit values reduces milk yield by 10-20 percent decrease the live weight gain by 20-30 percent increases the mortality of young animals by 5-40 percent and reduces the number of lactations by 15-20 percent for the herd. (Research purpose) To conduct a survey of modern microclimate systems and their technical implementation for livestock buildings, suggesting the best option while reducing energy costs. (Materials and methods) A classification scheme was provided for microclimate systems. The factors affecting the microclimate of livestock premises were presented in one figure. The main functions of ventilation systems in animal husbandry were identified. The conditions for the use of natural and forced (tunnel) ventilation systems were described. The devices for changing the microclimate on the premises were presented. The possibility of using an overlapped ridge in the area of the roof ridge was considered to catch the airflow and minimize moisture penetration. (Results and discussion) To decrease energy consumption, it was proposed to shift from a supply ventilation system to a natural and hybrid ventilation system, which contains an air removal system, lighting equipment, heating elements, sensors, fans with spray nozzles, sashes. (Conclusions) It was found out that in summer, natural ventilation is unable to prevent heat stress from cows. It was determined that in case of heat stress within 60 days, losses could amount to 4.2 million rubles. To ensure optimal microclimate conditions and reduce costs from heat stress, it was proposed to use an innovative natural and hybrid ventilation system. The calculations showed that a 60-day energy consumption of  the proposed system equals 264 thousand rubles.
Types of characterizations of the main character in the “friends with benefits” film
Authors: Somanasih Kadek , Resen I Wayan , Juniartha I Wayan
Published: October 2021

The film Friends with Benefits is the data source in this study. In collecting the data through library research by viewing films, reading scripts, and taking notes. In analyzing the data, the qualitative method is used and presented descriptively based on the theory adopted in this study. The theory used in this study is the theory of literature proposed by Wellek and Warren (1949) about characterization. The results of this study showed that only three characterization dimensions were analyzed. In presenting these dimensions, this study presents an overview and/or dialogue from the film. There are three dimensions of the characterization of the main character analyzed in this study: physiological, sociological, and psychological. These physical and psychological characteristics combine to build up Jamie Rellis and Dylan Harper, a romantic person in the film Friends with Benefits.
An analysis of directive illocutionary acts in the complex: lockdown 2020 movie
Authors: Sugiantini Ni Made Putri , Maharani Putu Devi , Winartha IB Gde Nova
Published: October 2021

This goal of this study is to describe the types of directive illocutionary act and to find out the most dominant directives speech act performed by the characters in The Complex: Lockdown movie through the theory of Speech Act by Kreidler (1998) and supported by the theory from Searle (1979). In analyzing the data, descriptive qualitative method is used. This study found 73 data of directive illocutionary act performed by the characters in the movie. In addition, it was found the most dominant directives used is command with 27 (37%) occurences followed by question with 23 (32%) occurences. Both types of directive is the most commonly used because the characters are forced to do a certain task quickly with a limited time to think. That causes they gave command to other and asked question frequently during the emergency situation after several bio-weapon attacks. The least dominant types of directive speech act are found  namely; request with 16 (22%) occurences and followed by suggestion with 7 (9%) occurences.
Derivational affixes forming noun in firefly lane novel by kristin hannah
Authors: Ardiningsih Ni Luh Putu , Sulatra I Komang , Maharani Putu Devi
Published: October 2021

This study aims to find out the types of derivational affixes forming noun and the functions of derivational affixes forming noun in the novel entitled Firefly Lane written by Kristin Hannah.  The methods used in this study are quantitative and qualitative methods. This study used observation method in collecting the data from all chapters in the novel Firefly Lane. Finally, this writing concludes that there were two functions of derivational affixes such are: class changing affixes and class maintaining affixes and each function has two types which are: prefixes and suffixes. The result of the study found there are 3 prefixes forming noun such are: re-, pre-,and  pro-, and from suffixes there were found 22 suffixes forming noun, they are: -er, -hood, -ism, -ist, -ity, -ship, -ness, -th, -ize, -less, -ous, -y, -ful, -ive, -ing, -ance, -ence, -ant, -ion, -ment, - or, and –ure.