bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PHARMACOVIGILANCE: DYNAMICS IN INDIAN PHARMA INDUSTRY
Authors: Bhardwaj Shubham , Verma Rajeshwar , Sharma Romil , Solakhia Rahul
Published: June 2020

Pharmacovigilance refers to the process of identifying, detecting, and responding to drug safety issue and has witnessed dynamic advancements in pharmaceutical industries throughout the world. The main objective of pharmacovigilance is to extend the safety monitoring and to detect any ADRs that previously got unrecognized in evolution during clinical trial. ADRs monitoring is required for each medicine throughout its lifecycle which includes early stage of drug design, clinical trials, and post marketing surveillance. The emerging trend in pharmacovigilance is to link the pre marketing data with the data collected during post marketing phase that include safety information. India is a vast country with population of over 1.32 Billion with different social economics status, different patterns of disease prevalence it becomes more important to have a standardized and robust pharmacovigilance. Pharmacists, as doctor remark that their involvement may increase the reporting rate and have a greater role to play in the area of pharmacovigilance
Last Mile Delivery of Cold Chain Medicines – Challenges and Recommendations
Authors: Bhatnagar Arpit , Gupta Varun , Tandon Prashant , Saksena Tanmay , Ranjan Ashish , Gandhi Purav , Garcha Shilpa Chugh , Kapoor Aastha
Published: June 2020

Cold chain medicines are those that require special temperature-controlled cold storage to maintain their quality and efficacy. Cold chain management is important to ensure that the right quality is maintained throughout the supply chain. There lies a variety of reasons why cold chain management continues to be the challenge in India like lack of the consolidated list of cold chain medicines, lack of standard refrigeration guidelines for retail pharmacies, non-uniformity in storage temperature instructions on the label, patient education and lack of awareness. The study aims to identify the challenges faced in the last mile delivery of such medicines in India and suggest practical recommendations for improvement that confirms the international best practices. More than 100 interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals like doctors, pharmacists, retail pharmacy experts, logistic partners, distributors and ex-regulators to understand the storage conditions and the possible solutions, especially at retail and customer level. An exhaustive list of cold chain medicines was framed with the databases of Indian hospitals, local drug distributors and drug retailers. Given the complexity of cold chain system in India, the guidelines for maintaining and managing the cold chain should be clearly available and then be mandatorily followed, in order to avoid the deleterious effects on such medicines due to storage and handling issues as elaborated in this study.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1,3,4-Oxadiazolyl benzenesulphonyl benzimidazole derivatives
Authors: Gupta Vivek Kumar , Kaur Baljeet , Kaur Amandeep , Kaur Amanpreet , Gupta Monika
Published: June 2020

Oxadiazoles are a class of heterocyclic aromatic chemical compound of azole family. Oxadiazole is five membered heterocycle having two carbons, two nitrogen, one oxygen and two double bonds. Oxadiazole exists in four isomeric forms depending upon the position of nitrogen atom in the ring. Benzimidazole is a heterocyclic aromatic compound. This bicyclic compound consists of fusion of benzene and imidazole. Benzimidazole may also be considered as cyclic analogues of imidines due to tautomerism effect. In the present study involves synthesis of1,3,4-oxadiazolyl benzenesulphonylbenzimidazole derivatives. All the synthesized compounds were screened against HepG-2 cell line to determine the growth inhibitory effect of compounds.All the synthesized compounds possessed good to moderate anti-cancer activity as compare to standard drug Adriamycin. Two of the synthesized compounds i.e. 8a and 8f were found to possess maximum anti-cancer activity.The structures of the synthesized compounds were established by IR and 1HNMR.
Matrix tablet: a review
Authors: Chandra D. Prakash , Archana R. , Vinoda B. , Hussen S. Jakir , Aejaj A. , Parveen S.
Published: June 2020

In order to achieve the therapeutic purpose, the choice of the most suitable delivery route is of indisputable importance. Therefore, certain factors must be taken into consideration when delivering a active substance, namely its own properties, the disease to be diagnosed and the desired beneficial time. The active substances can be directly to the target tissue or organ or can be delivered by systemic routes.
Formulation of Mouth Dissolving Tablets Using Solid Dispersion Technique: A Review
Authors: Singh Gurpreet , Dwivedi Jayesh , Govindasamy Jeyabalan , Kalra Naresh , Sharma Rajesh
Published: June 2020

Mouth-dissolving tablets are also called as fast disintegrating tablets, melt-in mouth tablets, orodispersible tablets, quick dissolving etc. Mouth dissolving tablets are those when put on tongue disintegrate rapidly thereby releasing the drug, which dissolve or disperses in the saliva. The faster the drug dissolved into solution, quick will be the absorption and onset of clinical effect. Mouth dissolving tablet containing solid dispersion was developed to improve the solubility of drug and stability of solid dispersion. Such tablets are disintegrate and/or dissolve rapidly in the saliva without the need for water. Hence it is regarded as the safest, most convenient and most economical method of drug delivery having the highest patient compliance. The later portion of the article focus on the progress in methods of manufacturing, evaluation and various latest technologies involved in the development of Mouth dissolving tablets. Solid dispersion is basically a drug with polymer two-component system; hence the drug–polymer interaction should be determined first in order to ensure the stability of the formulation. This review is intended to discuss the recent advances related on the area of solid dispersion technology. Since different methods are used for the preparation of solid dispersions such as fusion method, solvent method, melting solvent method, melt extrusion method, lyophilisation technique, melt agglomeration process, use of surfactant, electro spinning and super Critical Fluid Technology, of them which method is good and suitable for which type of drug. The use of Mouth dissolving dosage forms has solved various problems noted in administration of drugs to the pediatric and elderly patient, which constitutes a large proportion of the world's population. The initial focus of this review article is based on solid dispersion mainly advantages, disadvantages, types, the method of preparation, and characterization of the solid dispersion at laboratory and industrial level.
Medicinal Plants Diversity in Muthathi Wild Life Sanctuary, Karnataka, India
Authors: S. Suresha , M. Jayashankar , K. Vinu A.
Published: June 2020

Muthathi is a dense and dry deciduous forest, which is the home of Cauvery Wild Life Sanctuary. In this study the outcome documentation of medicinal plants and its diversity uses in Muthathi Wild Life Sanctuary (MWLS) and inclusive forest is reported. Conventional medicines or traditional medicines are very important part of an Indian culture. Information related to different plants which are used by confined community in the treatment of many common diseases in the area was collected. Records on the use of medicinal plants are collected using structured interview of about local healers and thorough observations and conversations with local communities. The most frequent ailments described are anti-cancer, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory, peptic ulcer, jaundice, skin and urinary problems. This study presents new research determinations and perceptions on the search for new drugs based on local uses of medicinal plants.
Inhibitory effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Cestrum Nocturnum on α-amylase activity
Authors: Kamboj Anil
Published: June 2020

Inhibition of α- amylase play a vital role in the clinical management of postprandial hyperglycemia. Although, powerful synthetic inhibitors are available, natural inhibitors are potentially safer. The present study was carried out to evaluate α- amylase inhibition activity from hydroalcoholic extracts from aerial parts of Cestrum nocturnum. Hydroalcoholic extract was prepared by Soxhletation Method. The extract showed strong inhibition towards α- amylase activity and IC50 value were 45.9 μg. This In vitro studies indicate the potential of C. nocturnum in the development of effective anti-diabetic agents.
A Conspectus: Hepatotoxicity Caused by Drug’s
Authors: Saxena Prasoon Kumar , Mishra Rosaline , Bhardwaj Abhishek , Barman Moumita , Chaudhary Rahul
Published: June 2020

Liver is the principle organ for metabolism of various drugs, endotoxins. Hepatotoxicity is one of the reversible conditions. Drugs are an vital cause of liver injury. Drug-induced injury to the liver can mimic any form of acute or chronic liver disease. The action of cytochrome P450 can induce acute injury to liver, through which drug will break down into electrophiles or free radicals. These spontaneous metabolites can covalently bind to protein and unsaturated fatty acids or induce lipid peroxidation, respectively. The clinical presentation of liver damage may be either cytolytic or cholestatic. Systemic hypersensitivity reaction against the applied agent may be one of the major causes of liver damage. Drug- or toxin-induced liver damage includes vascular damage, induction of liver tumours and development of liver cirrhosis. The most important pre-emptive measure is judicious drug used by the prescribing physician. Early recognition of hepatotoxicity and termination of the offending agent is essential for treatment. The diagnosis may be confirmed by additional diagnostic measures (e. g. liver biopsy) or the clinical course after exposure to the causing agent has been stopped. Therefore, the main aim is to prevent chronic liver damage through early and correct diagnosis. Due to the extensive variety of possibly liver toxic drugs and chemical agents this aspect is a major challenge to physicians. Taking into account the significance of drug-induced hepatotoxicity as a key cause of liver damage, this review pitch light on various drugs which induce hepatotoxicity, with their mechanism of liver damage and clinical scenario.
Benefits of Yoga in Respiratory Diseases
Authors: Agnihotri Shruti , Gaur Priyanka , Bhattacharya Sandeep , Kant Surya , Pandey Sarika
Published: June 2020

Breathing sustains life, natural breathing brings happiness and keep healthy. It clears the mind and calms all the emotions hence it can helps in release of the vitalizing flow of energy within us. Air pollution is responsible for various respiratory diseases such as nasal allergy, asthma, chronic bronchitis and lung cancer. It has been found that Yoga has improved pulmonary parameters in several scientific studies, both in healthy as well as in diseased individuals. It helps in increase in vital capacity, tidal volume, FeV1, Fev1/FVC ratio, expiratory reserve volume, breath holding time and many other pulmonary parameters. These changes suggest a potential preventive and therapeutic role of yoga in pulmonary diseases.It is a method of learning which aims to attain the unity of mind, body and spirit through three main yoga steps includes exercise, breathing and meditation. Results of previous research studies report that many people with serious respiratory ailments have found a solution in yoga. It has been proventhattheyogic practices help in prevention, control as well as rehabilitation of many respiratory diseases. A vital scientific and therapeutic aspect of yoga is Pranayama. Few exercises of pranayama are like Anulomaviloma, Kapalbhati, Bhramari which are the components of yoga and are the best remedies which can be help to tackle respiratory illness caused by air pollution and other naturally occurring respiratory diseases.
The methanolic crude extract of Garcinia lancifolia have significant pharmacological activities with potential sources of phytochemicals
Authors: Ghosh Antara , Banik Sujan , Ahmed Jamiuddin
Published: June 2020

Background: Garcinia lancifolia, a potential medicinal plant has significant local use to alleviate various diseases like dysentery, diarrhea, dyspepsia, and as a pain reliever but not scientifically proven at yet. The present study was aimed to evaluate the anti-diarrheal, analgesic, and antioxidant activities of crude extract of G. lancifolia. Methods: The plant parts of G. lancifolia were collected, dried, powdered, and extracted with methanol. Then the extracts were subjected to in-vivo anti-diarrheal activity by castor oil-induced method and analgesic activity by hot plate method in mice model. The Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and total phenolic content were demonstrated for the analysis of antioxidant activity. Results: Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of active phytochemicals like flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, cardiac glycoside, and terpenoids in the plant extract. The extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg showed significantly a reduction of diarrheal feces by 61.161% (p 0.01) and 72.33% (p 0.001), respectively in contrast to standard drug loperamide (77.83% reduction). In the hot plate method, the crude extract (300 mg/kg) revealed significant (p 0.05) analgesia in comparison to standard aceclofenac. In an antioxidant activity test, the extract contains a moderate level of phenolic content 10.78 μg/mg of gallic acid equivalent and the antioxidant activity by using DPPH free radical scavenging showed poor antioxidant potential with an IC50 value of 148.26 μg/mL. Conclusion: The findings of this study conclude that this plant is a potential source of pharmacological actions that may be a basis for further investigation on a large scale
Rubaiyat Genre in the Tatar Poetry: Functioning and Translating Peculiarities
Authors: Nagumanova El'vira Firdavil'evna
Published: June 2020

The aim of the study is to identify peculiarities of translating Ravil Faizullin’s and Muhammat Mirza’s rubaiyat poetics into Russian. Scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the author for the first time considers the medieval genre of the Eastern poetry in Faizullin’s and Mirza’s creative work, as well as in the translations. The attained results have demonstrated that the ancient poetical form did not lose its vividness and profoundness in literature of the XX and XXI centuries. All the rubaiyat examples presented by the researcher make it possible to state the following: in addition to the themes traditional for this genre, the Tatar poets include social and political ones. As for the Russian-speaking poets-translators, they masterfully recreate the canonical form in their poems; moreover, they strive not after literal translation but after creative reworking of the original.
Functional Potential of Intertextuality in the Contemporary English-Language Fairy-Tales
Authors: Tananykhina Alla Olegovna , Kozinets Irina Olegovna
Published: June 2020

The study aims to determine functional capabilities of the intertextuality text category using the material of the modern English-language fairy-tales. Autointertextuality is mentioned and examples of this phenomenon present in the author’s fairy-tale texts are given. Scientific novelty of the research lies in collecting new data on functioning of the intertextuality category and describing new patterns in using functionality of the intertextuality category by the authors. It has been found that the use of intertextual relations in the modern English-language fairy-tales contributes to realisation of such author’s intentions as creating a comic effect, adding factuality to a narrative, organising a chronotope, developing a plot, characterisation and setting.
Artistic World Model in Lyrics of the German-Speaking Poetess Selma Meerbaum-Eisinger
Authors: Mel'nikova Irina Markovna
Published: June 2020

The research objective includes identifying the moral and aesthetic value of lyrical works of the German-speaking poetess Selma Meerbaum-Eisinger in the context of literary process of the XX century. Special attention is paid to analysing the poetess’s artistic world model. The researcher points out that the changes in human consciousness that occurred at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries resulted in reinterpretation of the author’s role in the poetical statement. Scientific originality of the paper lies in the fact that the poetess’s lyrics is considered from the viewpoint of the author’s artistic activity theory developed by the domestic literary critic N. T. Rymar to study the novel genre. This theory allows deeper understanding of moral and aesthetic aspects of Selma Meerbaum-Eisinger’s poetry. The researcher concludes about humanistic value of the poetess’s lyrics, which is still to be examined thoroughly.
Textual Connector “And Now about...”: Lexical Variants and Specificity of Functioning
Authors: Wang Qiaoshi , Sheremeteva Elena Sergeevna
Published: June 2020

The paper aims to reveal specificity of functioning of the textual connector “And now about …” and to identify its lexical variants. The article briefly describes the existing linguistic terms designating connectors, such as a “textual connector” and a “connecting phrase”. Relying on the conducted analysis, the authors differentiate predicative and non-predicative connectors and show that the connector under study is more frequent in comparison with its lexical variants. Scientific originality of the research lies in the fact that the authors justify the existence of lexical variants of the textual connector “And now about …” and identify differences in their contextual usage. The conclusion is made that non-predicative connectors link isolated text fragments, whereas predicative connectors can be used to link adjacent text fragments.
“Digital Economy”: Linguistic and Linguomental Aspects
Authors: Volkov Valerii Vyacheslavovich
Published: June 2020

The study aims to make a model of the semantic processes taking place during hermeneutic interpretation of the Russian terminological word-combination “digital economy”. Scientific novelty of the research lies in conducting an analysis of the notion “digital economy” from the standpoint of cognitive linguistics and philological hermeneutics. The attained results have shown that semantics of the word-combination “digital economy” is based on metonymic transformation of the terms “digit” and “digital”. The lexeme “digit” and the word-combination “digital economy” function in the context of “naïve” consciousness as synonyms of the lexeme “computer” and the word-combination “computer economy”, in the modern public discourse they are considered means of verbal manipulation.
Linguo-Semiotic Mechanisms for Formation of Colour Phraseological Units
Authors: Li Jing
Published: June 2020

The article provides a linguo-semiotic analysis of colour phraseological units. The research objective involves identifying a cognitive mechanism of semantic (metaphorical, metonymic and non-figurative) transformation of original verbal complexes - colour terms - in the process of a phraseme formation. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the author considers the role of colour terms in formation of the Russian phraseological corpus from the viewpoint of the psycho-semiotic approach presupposing involvement of cognitive mechanisms in transformation of the original units participating in a phraseme formation process. The research findings are as follows: the author shows how a type of semantic transformation of original units influences the degree of explicitness/implicitness of their semantics actualized in phraseological context.
Means to Express Inceptiveness in the Forest Yukaghir Language
Authors: Prokopyeva Aleksandra Egorovna
Published: June 2020

The Yukaghir language has a rich word-formation system. The Yukaghir verbs are formed mainly by the suffixal method. Derivational suffixes often transfer the slightest nuances of the verb meaning. The research objective is to identify and describe the basic means to express inceptiveness in the Kolyma dialect of the Yukaghir language (the Forest Yukaghir language). Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that relying on an analysis of linguistic material, the author for the first time highlights linguistic markers of inceptiveness in the Forest Yukaghir language. Some of the identified markers have not been previously investigated. The conclusion is made that in the Forest Yukaghir language, inceptiveness is expressed by both grammatical (verb forms with inceptive semantics) and non-grammatical (analytical) means.
Functioning of Youth Slang in Anthony Burgess’s Original Novel “A Clockwork Orange” and Its Translation into the Russian Language
Authors: Kuznetsova Elena Valer'evna
Published: June 2020

The study is based on the novel “A Clockwork Orange” written in 1962 by Anthony Burgess. The aim of the research is to draw a conclusion about significance of colloquial vocabulary basing on the considered facts, to identify specifics of the original way of translating the novel and to determine what drove the translator to resort to transliteration. The study is novel in that it is the first to combine the analysis of Nadsat etymology and the principles of literary translation of the novel into Russian in one work. The research findings have revealed the role that the newspeak plays in the plot dynamics, as well as the important role that slang plays in a language as a whole.
Determining Mutual Contingency Coefficient in the Russian and Chuvash Newspaper Texts
Authors: Tukmakova Nadezhda Petrovna
Published: June 2020

The article aims to create an impartial picture of part-of-speech frequency in the Russian and Chuvash publicist texts in the comparative-contrastive aspect. A simple count of parts of speech provides little information on their functioning. It is much more effective to determine a degree of statistical cohesion between them, with its value changing based on a genre of newspaper speech. The findings of the research have demonstrated that both the languages possess specific means of creating newspaper speech, display peculiarities of a style, genre, as well as typological singularity.
System of Communicative Exercises for Teaching the Russian Phraseology to Foreign Students-Philologists
Authors: Polonnikova Ekaterina Gennad’evna
Published: June 2020

The research objective includes developing a system of exercises for teaching the Russian phraseological units to foreign students-philologists at B1 level. Modern textbooks on the Russian phraseology for foreigners are analysed, students’ difficulties are revealed and the problem of choosing phraseological material is considered. The study is based on an educational experiment data and on the materials of students’ survey. Scientific originality of the research includes development and approbation of a system of exercises aimed to form learners’ communicative competence. Phraseological units semantization was carried out relying on the analysis of their inner form. The experiment results justify efficiency of the proposed set of exercises. Methodological recommendations on work with the Russian phraseological units in a foreign audience are proposed.
Specificity of Domestic and Foreign Online Courses from the Viewpoint of a Teacher-User (by the Material of Online Courses of the Russian and French Authors)
Authors: Chernyshkova Nataliya Vladimirovna
Published: June 2020

The research objective is to identify reasons for negative evaluation of online courses on the part of the users. Scientific originality of the paper involves a new approach to evaluating an online course quality from the viewpoint of a teacher participating in the course. The analysis of strong and weak points of the online courses under study shows that the authors of domestic online courses need to solve the following problems: to improve e-learning methodology, to develop assessment means fund, to raise teachers’ digital and information competence, which includes skills of working with video camera, competence in working with virtual audience.
Representation of History in “History of the Russian State” by Boris Akunin
Authors: Osmukhina Olga Yuryevna , Karpov Anton Dmitrievich
Published: June 2020

The research objective includes analysing specificity of history representation in “History of the Russian State” by Boris Akunin. Scientific originality of the paper lies in the fact that the researchers for the first time consider Boris Akunin’s perception of the Russian history, his historiosophical conception. The findings indicate that the conception of history developed in “History of the Russian State” (previously fragmentary represented in “Fandorin” cycle and “Aristonomia”) corresponds with the writer’s approach - “Westernism” of a special type: emphasizing enlightenment values, Akunin preserves a critical attitude to their actual socio-political manifestations in the purely Russian context.
Ransoming Russians from Tatars: Justification and Practice
Authors: Ostrowski Donald
Published: June 2020

The early modern Russian government and Russian Orthodox Church identified as one of their main duties the ransoming of Russian Christians from Muslim Tatar captors. The process of ransoming could be an involved one with negotiations being carried on by different agents and by the potential ransomees themselves. Different amounts of ransom were paid on a sliding scale depending upon the ransomee’s social status, gender, and age. One of our main sources for the justification of this practice was the Stoglav (100 Chapters) Church Council in 1551, which discussed the issue of ransom in some detail. The Law Code (Ulozhenie) of 1649 specifies the conditions and amounts to be paid to redeem captives. Church writers justified the ransoming of Christian captives of the Muslim Tatars by citing Scripture, and they also specified that the government should pay the ransom out of its own treasury.
Four Birds, One Stone: Teaching History, Teaching Ivan the Terrible, Teaching Ivan the Terrible, Teaching Muscovy
Authors: Spock Jennifer B.
Published: June 2020

The art of analyzing a book for the purpose of historical inquiry is an art often not addressed until graduate school, and even then, its process is often assumed by the instructor. “Four Birds, One Stone” presents goals and options for utilizing Charles Halperin’s Ivan the Terrible in the undergraduate and graduate classroom in order to teach students how to understand an author’s methodology, how to identify source types and their uses, how to evaluate an author’s argumentation, and how to recognize the organization of material, in addition to guiding students through the book’s historical content. The article provides major arguments and themes presented in Ivan the Terrible, and also suggests ways that chapters can be utilized to help students grapple with content relating to the tsar and to Muscovy. Halperin’s book supplies opportunities to introduce students to problems of historiography and other elements of historical interpretation, and this article calls attention to some of those topics. This article aims to provide instructors with ideas not only for exploring the use of Halperin’s book for instruction at both undergraduate and graduate levels, but to also consider how to better enable student engagement with the text of any secondary source.
Localization of Ethnic Groups in the Regions as a Factor in Cross-Regional Variations in Voting for United Russia
Authors: Minaeva Eleonora , Panov Petr
Published: June 2020

In the context of electoral authoritarianism, political mobilization is likely to be a more reasonable explanation of cross-regional variations in voting for the party of power than the diversity of the regions’ policy preferences. In the Russian Federation, the political machines which coordinate various activities aimed at mobilizing people to vote for United Russia demonstrate different degrees of effectiveness. This article examines the structural factors that facilitate machine politics focusing on ethnic networks. Although strong ethnic networks are more likely to arise if the members of an ethnic group live close to each other, and at the same time separately from other ethnic groups, so far researchers have neglected to consider the localization of ethnic groups within the territory of an administrative unit as a factor. In order to fill the gap, we have created an original geo-referenced dataset of the localization of non-Russian ethnic groups within every region of the Russian Federation, and developed special GIS (geographic information systems) techniques and tools to measure them in relation to the Russian population. This has made it possible to include the localization of ethnic groups as a variable in the study of cross-regional differences in voting for United Russia. Our analysis finds that the effect of non-Russians’ share of the population on voting for UR increases significantly if non-Russian groups are at least partially geographically segregated from Russians within a region.
Issue Dimensions and Cleavages: How the Russian Experience Helps Us to Look for Cross-Points
Authors: Korgunyuk Yury
Published: June 2020

The article analyzes the weak points of the Manifesto Project’s methodology, such as its emphasis on issue salience, instead of issue positions; bringing the content of manifestos under too broad categories formulated at the beginning of the project; not quite the appropriate technique of factor analysis etc. An alternative methodology is proposed that focuses on party positions on issues which generate the largest polarization in the political space. It also enriches the empirical base of the studies and adjusts the technique of factor analysis. In order to reveal political cleavages inside these dimensions, the so called electoral cleavages (factors of territorial differences in voting for various parties) are taken as a starting point: factor loadings of parties in the electoral and political spaces are compared through correlation and regression analyses. The proposed methodology is applied to an analysis of election results in Russia (2016) and Germany (2017).
Science intensive technology for effectiveness increase in manufacturing flexible aluminum and titanium alloy parts
Authors: Kiselev Evgeniy , Nazarov Mihail
Published: June 2020

The investigation results of effectiveness increase in manufacturing flexible parts made of titanium and aluminum alloys by means of costs decrease for technological pre-production and power use of a low-powered module ultra-sonic field are shown.
Plasma welding of high-strength aluminum alloys
Authors: Ovchinnikov Viktor , Rastopchin Ruslan
Published: June 2020

On the analysis basis of trends in the development of aluminum alloy plasma welding it is shown that in most cases for critical structures there is used welding with a non-consumable electrode on reversed polarity with adding wire material. A welding method with a hollow anode to increase non-consumable tungsten electrode durability is described. It is shown that to increase quality of welded joints in aluminum-lithium alloys the application of plasma-forming gas programmable pulse feed has promising outlooks. In this case side by side with the decrease of such defects as pores and oxide films the obtaining of more fine-grained structure in metal seams is marked.
Role of S protein in thromboembolic complications during COVID19 and activated protein C as a serious therapeutic avenue in severe forms of patients
Authors: Faiez Amouri
Published: June 2020

COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) is a public health emergency of international concern. There is a pressing urgency to find treatments based upon currently available scientific knowledge and epidemiological data. In this article, we provide a novel hypothesis describing how the severity of the pathology is mainly resulting from the Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 (virus causing COVID-19) and not due to the direct action of the virus. SARS-CoV-2 appears to alter the endothelial cell. The pathophysiological mechanism is not yet elucidated. The damage caused resembles a systemic, multi-organ vasculitis predominantly in the lungs. An increase in thromboembolic complications has been observed in COVID-19 patients. These are manifested by pulmonary embolisms or systemic microembolism manifested by microangiopathy affecting the lungs, brain, liver, kidneys and intestines. Therefore, we hypothesize that an auto-immune acquired Protein S (PS) deficiency may be involved in the pathogenesis of thrombotic events in Covid-19. Auto-antibodies to Protein S may form immune complexes, inducing increased clearance of PS or interfering with the protein C-protein S system. COVID-19 early thromboprophylaxis in infected patients, or even effective anticoagulation, could prevent the progression to severe forms, thus reducing mortality in patients with COVID-19. Activated Protein C (APC), a physiological coagulation inhibitor with cytoprotective properties, could be an interesting avenue for the treatment of severe forms of the disease in intensive care; its administration in hypoxic patients could improve tissue oxygenation. Randomized resuscitation studies in patients with COVID19 are also needed to confirm our hypothesis.
Agro-morphological characterization of local garlic (Allium sativum L.) germplasm accessions collected from different regions of Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: M. Sultan Sheikh , Raina Susheel Kumar
Published: June 2020

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is increasingly becoming an essential component in human diet due to tremendous health-promoting benefits; its traditional local types are preferred for their taste. Garlic clones have specific adaptations to different agro-climatic regions; some have adapted to specific environments through artificial and natural selection. The study was undertaken to assess the variation in some agro-morphological characters of 17 local garlic germplasm accessions collected from different regions of Jammu and Kashmir including far-flung areas of Karthaie Padder Kishtwar and Balot Bhaderwah Doda. Most of these local garlic germplasm accessions are characterized by more pungent smell and distinctive taste often with pigmented coat layers. Some of these accessions have been cryo-preserved in National Gene Bank at ICAR-NBPGR New Delhi. The results have demonstrated the existence of a good amount of agro-morphological diversity in these local garlic germplasm accessions. Different ecotypes exhibit considerable variation among themselves in agronomic characteristics. Therefore, there is a need for concerted efforts for exploration, collection and maintenance of locally available garlic germplasm possessing quality traits including disease and pest resistance besides good storability characteristics for future garlic crop improvement programmes in the region.
Taxonomic studies on subgenus Pseudomegachile Friese under genus Megachile Latreille (Hymenoptera) from Sutlej basin plains (India)
Authors: Kumari Priyanka , Kumar Neelima R. , Sidhu Avtar K.
Published: June 2020

Genus Megachile forms an integral part of the ecosystem as its members are important pollinators of both wild and cultivated flora. Surveying on a large scale helps in gathering a lot of information about their spatial and temporal data. This also helps in studying their biodiversity and taxonomy. Three species of solitary bees under subgenus Pseudomegachile Friese of the genus Megachile Latreille collected from Sutlej basin plains of India have been studied and described taxonomically. Megachile (Pseudomegachile) creusa (Bingham), M. (P.) ramakrishnae Cockerell and M. (P.) elfrona (Cameron) with 21 examples are described including their morphological characters, taxonomically important characters, zoogeographic records, floral associations along with genitalic and sternal plates. Since most of the areas included in the study have been surveyed first time for Megachile study, these are new records for the studied area.
Soil degradation in Kerala state and a case study on socio-economic impact due to flood in its Idukki district
Authors: Sreepriya P. , Balasubramanian R.
Published: June 2020

Land degradation is the reduction of the biological or economic productivity of cropland, pasture, forest, and woodlands of which soil degradation is the major contributor. The present study was undertaken to understand the type and degree of major type of soil degradation, viz soil erosion and acidity in Kerala and to study the socio-economic impact of the flood on individual households in Idukki district during 2018. Random sampling was undertaken with a total sample of 180 households from different occupational background for the case study. Various studies conducted in pre-flood period revealed that in Kerala, 94.7 % of the total geographical area were acidic and 71.28 % were eroded, whereas in Idukki 96.3 % of the total geographical area is acidic and 80 % were eroded. United Nations post-disaster need assessment report has estimated a total economic loss of Rs.31,000 crores in Kerala due to flood.  Agricultural sector (Rs 3646 crores), fisheries (Rs 93.72 crores), forestry (Rs 9.55 crores), infrastructure, power, housing and tourism sector (Rs 2000 crores) also suffered economic losses post-flood in Kerala. The case study in Idukki district revealed that average damage cost of individuals due to flood with different occupational status was Rs.13.36 lakhs with relative damage cost of 364 %. As farmers are reluctant to undertake soil conservation activities due to high labour costs and capital-intensive plantation crops, public investment has to be strengthened conservation of natural resources of flood-affected areas of Kerala.
Impact of honey-enriched mulberry diet on the energy metabolism of the silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Siva Prasad S. , Madhavi R.
Published: June 2020

The present study was taken-up with a view to clearly define the role of oxidative phosphorylation vis-a-vis transdeamination in Bombyx mori metamorphosis, under the influence of honey-enriched mulberry diet. Therefore, the study examined the accumulation and utilization patterns of carbohydrate (glycogen, trehalose, glucose) and non-carbohydrate energy reserves (proteins, amino acids) in its fat body during larval, pupal and adult stages. In accordance with Hutchinson’s investment principle, the energy reserves invested during larval stage are partly used in pupal stage and those invested during larval and pupal stages are used in adult stage. Their utilization patterns are correlated with the activity levels of succinate (SDH) and glutamate (GDH) dehydrogenases and aspartate (AAT) and alanine (ALAT) aminotransferases and changes thereof were interpreted in terms of glycolytic oxidative phosphorylation and non-glycolytic transdeamination.  The trends in mass incorporation rates vis-à-vis enzyme activities indicated that the metabolism-related energy needs of all metamorphic events are majorly met through a gluconeogenetic mechanism called transdeamination, while the behavioural-related energy demands of larval and pupal stages are fulfilled through glycolytic-based oxidative phosphorylation. The activity trends further indicated that AAT plays major role in meeting the energy needs of larva and pupa, while GDH predominantly meets the energy requirements of reproduction in adults. The honey-enriched mulberry diet showed stage-specific and pathway-specific impacts on energy metabolism. It positively reinforced the energy metabolism in larval stage, but showed no significant effect in pupal and adult stages. Similarly, it showed more promising effect on glycolytic-oxidative phosphorylation and null or neutral effect on transdeamination.
Diagnostic SWOT appraisal of the wicker handicraft entrepreneurship development in Kashmir, India
Authors: Islam M. A. , Wani A.A. , Bhat G.M. , Gatoo A.A. , Shah Murtaza , Atta Ummar , Shah SSG Sheikh
Published: June 2020

Critical analyses of the perceptions on SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) have become a fundamental element of multi-criteria decision making for developing wicker handicraft entrepreneurship. The study examined the effectiveness and prioritization of entrepreneur's perceptions towards SWOT categories and factors and provided insights for developing wicker handicraft entrepreneurship in Pulwama district of Kashmir. Data were collected through structured interviews and focus group discussions of 100 wicker handicraft entrepreneurs of 20 villages selected by multi-stage random sampling. Simple descriptive statistics were used for the data analysis. Results showed that the factors like income generation (19.30%) and employment generation (19.00%) were viewed as most important strengths while labour intensive and less remunerative livelihood (18.80%) and seasonal subsistence (18.70%) were identified as main weaknesses. Further, poverty alleviation (20.70%), preservation of traditional art craft (19.00%) and improvement in public-private relations (17.50%) were adjudged as strong opportunities whereas limited marketing facilities (20.70%), lack of co-operative societies (18.90%) and harassment by officials in withies collection (16.50%) were seen as chief threats. The challenges (weaknesses and threats) (50.40%) for wicker handicraft entrepreneurship outweighed the prospects (strengths and opportunities) (49.60%) while the internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) (54.80%) prevailed over the external factors (opportunities and threats) (54.20%). F statistics (p<0.05) indicated significant differences between the internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats). The results projected the basis to the policymakers to prioritize and address the prominent challenges and reinforce the prospects for conceptualizing, formulating and implementing the strategies for strengthening the wicker handicraft entrepreneurship.
A report on the occurrence of Bangana dero (Hamilton, 1822) from Deepor beel (Ramsar site no. 1207), Brahmaputra valley, Assam
Authors: Borah Simanku , Das Pronob , Bhattacharjya B.K. , Yadav A.K. , Saud B.J. , Das B.K.
Published: June 2020

Deepor beel (Latitude: 26°05?26??N to 26°09?26?? N; Longitude: 90°36' E to 90°41?25?? E) located in Kamrup district, Assam is a large (water spread area of 589 ha) natural wetland and a Ramsar site of international importance (Site number 1207 declared in 2002) having enormous biological and environmental importance. The wetland receives water from surface run-off as well as from two hill streams (Basistha and Kalamoni) and drains into River Brahmaputra, through a small rivulet (Khanajan). The beel supports a number of endemic endangered and threatened animals and plants that are included under IUCN red-list. Past studies indicated the occurrence of 67 fin-fish species in the beel. In a recent survey conducted by us, the beel Bangana dero (Synonyms: Cyprinus dero/ Labeo dero), a cyprinid fish, was collected for the first time from the beel. We collected as many as 28 specimens of B. dero from the beel during October 2016. The total length of the reported specimens ranged from 8.77 - 10.14 cm and weight ranged from 6.74 - 10.61 g. The length-weight relationship of the species was worked out as W = 0.074*L2.103. B. dero reportedly inhabits upland rivers, torrential hill-streams; adults migrate to warm downstream regions during the winter season (December-February). Thus, the occurrence of this species in Deepor beel indicates its possible downstream migration from one or both the feeder rivers (Basistha and Kalamoni) or migration from Brahmaputra River through its connecting channel.
Evaluation of the INTERGROWTH-21st project newborn standard for neonatal phenotypes and neonatal morbidity and mortality
Authors: Grandi Carlos , Del Pino Mariana , Casale Aragon Davi , Dos Santos Rodrigues Livia , Cunha Cardoso Viviane
Published: June 2020

Introduction

The use of local references or standard for neonatal studies still requires their validation through indicators of morbidity and mortality. Objective: evaluate the performance of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project (IG-21) standard and a commonly used Argentinian reference (Urquia) by examining the differences in the frequency of growth phenotypes, and the associated neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of all singleton live-births from Sarda Maternity Hospital (Buenos Aires, Argentina) between 33 and 42 gestational age, using information obtained from a Perinatal Surveillance System (Agustina) dataset between 1996-2001 (n = 25948). Phenotypes small- and large-for-gestational age, stunting and waisting and a composite of neonatal morbidity/mortality (CNMM) were contrasted between the IG-21 standard and Urquia reference.

Results: the Urquia 3rd centile value was lower than IG-21 before 37 weeks, but then it surpassed IG-21 until term. Among Sarda , 2.3%, 5.9% and 8.9 were <3rd, <10th and >97th centile, respectively, under the IG-21 standard, while 3.7%, 10.1% and 8.4% were <3rd, <10th and >97th centile, respectively, under the Urquia reference. Stunting and waisting were 16.1% and 0.9%, respectively under IG-21. The IG-21 detection rates of CNMM showed that 28.5%, 19.6% and 8.5% occurred among weight<3rd,<10th and >97th centile, respectively, while 21.8%, 14.2% and 8.0%  occurred among <3rd, <10th and >97th centile under the Urquia criteria. Newborn weight <3rd,<10th and >97th  centile under IG-21 showed higher neonatal CNMM risk compared with Urquia reference.

Conclusions: The IG-21 standard identified a higher risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality than the Urquia reference.
Enfermedad del coronavirus (covid-19) y las sirtuinas
Authors: Huarachi Olivera Ronald Eleazar , Lazarte Rivera Antonio
Published: June 2020

Las  proteínas desacetilasas dependientes del NAD+, se denominan Sirtuinas (SIRT). Objetivos: estudiar las sirtuinas involucradas en el cáncer, así como los estudios de inhibición de SIRT1 en pacientes con la enfermedad del coronavirus COVID-19.

Fuente y selección de datos: Para ello se realizó una búsqueda en Medline, Scopus y WOS, donde se incluyeron estudios descriptivos de cada una de las funciones de las sirtuinas ajustado a las recientes investigaciones científicas. La inhibición de SIRT1 disminuye la citotoxicidad de las células T CD8 en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico, siendo susceptibles a infecciones por SARS CoV-2. La SIRT2 se regula por la secreción de IL-4 por los eosinófilos y el aumento de SIRT2 incrementa la hiperplasia, en contraste la SIRT3 promueve la angiogénesis, induciendo la remodelación cardiaca. La SIRT4 es un supresor de tumores, en contraste con la SIRT5 que promueve la proliferación celular provocando el cáncer colorrectal; la SIRT6 atenúa al herpes virus asociado al Sarcoma de Kaposi (KSHV) en pacientes inmuno comprometidos. La supresión de SIRT7 inhibe el crecimiento de las células cancerígenas endometriales.

Conclusiones: Se concluye que las SIRT1, SIRT2 y SIRT4 están involucradas en el desarrollo del cáncer, la supresión de SIRT5 y SIRT7 promueve la apoptosis de células cancerígenas y la SIRT6 atenúa la replicación de KSHV, además la vía de patología molecular de la COVID-19 está asociada a la inhibición de la actividad de SIRT1 que puede estar relacionada a procesos inflamatorios.
Versos de hospital
Authors: Andruetto María Teresa
Published: June 2020

Poema para trabajadoras/es de hospital.
The Negation of Impossibility
Authors: Lawrence John
Published: June 2020

The impossibility theorems of Arrow and Gibbard-Satterthwaite have been thought to rule out economic democracy and welfare economics. This paper demonstrates an information processing system which accords with the premises of these authors, and, consequently, proves their conclusions of impossibility to be untrue except as mathematical tautologies.