bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computer vision syndrome from the standpoint of principles of diagnostics and treatment of accommodative and sensory visual fatigue: literature review
Authors: Ovechkin Igor G. , Shavshina Darya A.
Published: January 2025

The review was performed using databases Russian Science Citation Index and PubMed, with the search keywords being "computer vision syndrome", "accommodation", "quality of life", "visual performance", "critical fusion and flicker frequency", "contrast sensitivity". The sources were selected in accordance with the criteria of prospective or retrospective studies. The data obtained indicate that the problem of diagnosis and treatment of accommodative and sensory visual fatigue in patients with computer vision syndrome is relevant in modern conditions of industrial activity due to the high frequency of distribution and possible negative impact on labor productivity. By now, the literature has formulated the basic principles of diagnostics and treatment of accommodative visual fatigue associated with the use of objective (accommodography) and subjective (quality of life) research methods, as well as the use of specific treatment methods (exposure to low-energy laser radiation, magnetophoresis, hardware optical-reflex training) taking into account a differentiated approach to the type of asthenopia. Much less developed is the problem of sensory visual fatigue, based on diagnostics using special research methods (critical frequency of fusion and flickering, contrast sensitivity at low spatial frequencies) and the implementation of therapeutic and restorative measures taking into account the syndrome-pathogenetic approach to the use of physical methods of treatment, one of which (in the long term) is ophthalmochromotherapy.
Modern aspects of the demographic situation in the Belgorod region
Authors: Dmitriev Vadim N. , Dmitrieva Tatyana V. , Urusova Marina A. , Pestereva Olga A. , Kladiyova Elena P. , Lutskiy Igor V.
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND: The basic feature of the demographic situation in the Belgorod Oblast, as well as in the Russian Federation, is the continuing depopulation and reduction of the working age population. The results of the analysis of the demographic situation can be used as an information base for practical solutions to the prevention of morbidity, treatment and rehabilitation of patients in order to reduce premature mortality.
AIM: To analyze and assess the trends of the demographic situation in the Belgorod region in the period from 2010 to 2022.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational retrospective continuous study of the demographic situation in the Belgorod region for 13years (2010–2022) was carried out. Research methods: analytical, analytical-graphical, statistical, including descriptive statistics and time series analysis. Quantitative data were analyzed using absolute values, percentages, intensive indicators. Statistical significance of the studied indicators in dynamics, was assessed using F-criterion for the coefficients of determination (Student's t-criterion for correlation coefficients with time variable) of linear trends of the corresponding time series.
RESULTS: In Belgorod region over the 12-year (2010–2022) period, the total population increased slightly by 0.4%; the observed total population growth was ensured until 2017 only by migration growth, and since 2018 it stopped compensating for the natural population decline (excess of the number of deaths over the number of births). In terms of the structure of the population, there was a significant increase in the proportion of the population above working age (growth rate +11.5%), while the proportion of the population of working age decreased (growth rate -7.8%). The demographic load per 1000people of working age increased from 240 to 296 people for people younger than working age and from 382 to 461people for people of retirement age. During the studied period negative dynamics of mortality rates from all causes in persons of working age, and in persons older than working age from diseases of digestive and respiratory organs was revealed.
CONCLUSION: In the period from 2010 to 2022, there are negative demographic trends characterised by depopulation due to a decline in birth rate, increased mortality and ageing of the population.
Accelerometer in stroke rehabilitation: A modern look at the assessment of physical activity
Authors: Kozlyakova Marina A. , Sirotenko Anna V. , Chepnyan Arnella R. , Ekizova Angelina N. , Mefaev Rolan E. , Zhachemukov Amir M. , Gorlina Polina V. , Vakhtinskaya Milena V. , Khakova Elina A. , Galimov Airat R. , Kholiqov Jasur M. , Goncharov Dmitriy I. , Yusubova Sofia T. , Khasanov Ruslan G.
Published: January 2025

The importance of improving the quality of rehabilitation approaches is becoming particularly relevant, as the number of people with stroke-related disabilities is expected to grow due to advances in treatment that contribute to an increase in overall patient survival. Improving the understanding of physical activity during stroke rehabilitation is important, as physical activity is directly related to the recovery process of patients. It not only promotes recovery after a stroke, but also improves the state of the cardiovascular system, cognitive and motor functions, improves mood and increases survival. In this review, the authors analyzed the literature data on the use of accelerometry in the first stage of rehabilitation after stroke. Accelerometry quantifies physical activity by recording movements using accelerometers that measure acceleration along one or more axes. Accelerometry is a promising tool for improving the measurement of physical activity intensity during rehabilitation, although in practice its use remains limited. The use of the V3 and V3+ frameworks, which cover aspects of ergonomics testing, analytical and clinical validation, highlights the importance of a comprehensive assessment of accelerometry-based tools. The available data confirm the effectiveness of accelerometry in determining the intensity of physical activity, but also indicate an existing gap in the data of analytical and clinical studies.
Intensity of physical activity; rehabilitation after stroke; accelerometry; stroke; monitoring; clinical validation; physical activity; inpatient treatment; digital medicine; standardization of data.
Jaity Muro
Authors: Neves Karla , Cabreira Rossandra , Pereira Júnia
Published: January 2025

Texto de Júnia Pereira e de Rossandra Cabreira (Kunha Poty Rajegwa), criado em um processo coletivo/colaborativo que envolveu as artistas Júnia Pereira, Karla Neves e Rossandra Cabreira, entre agosto de 2017 e março de 2018, em Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul. O espetáculo segue vivo desde então, tendo realizado diversas apresentações em Dourados e Campo Grande/MS entre 2017 e 2020. Nesse período, a dramaturgia se alterou de acordo com o contexto de cada apresentação e, também, de acordo com as vivências de cada atriz/performer, conforme foram se modificando as perspectivas de cada uma em relação ao seu próprio texto.
A construção poética em Vermelho Amargo, de Bartolomeu Campos de Queirós
Authors: Bastazin Vera , Lourenção Cristiane Corsini
Published: January 2025

O artigo investiga a construção poética no romance Vermelho Amargo (2017), de Bartolomeu Campos de Queirós, com objetivo de verificar como se dá a produção de sentido do texto a partir de recursos que deslocam o olhar prosaico e automatizado para a experimentação da singularidade e da emoção da arte poética. Para tanto, pretende-se embasar a discussão nos conceitos de desautomatização e de singularização na arte, de acordo com Viktor Chklóvski (1893- 1984). O tempo da narrativa, no texto de Queirós, que se apresenta de forma não linear e fragmentária, à semelhança da memória, remete ao conceito de alternâncias temporais, conforme proposta de Tzvetan Todorov (1939-2017). Singularização e alternância temporal, por sua vez, serão relacionadas ao conceito de montagem cinematográfica, de Sergei Eisenstein (1898-1948) - procedimento em que o receptor tem papel fundamental. Desse modo, a montagem, que provoca necessariamente tensão e conflito, participa como importante artifício da construção do sentido.
A Tragédia de Hamlet, Príncipe da Angústia
Authors: Santos Marcel de Lima , Martins Thiago Silva
Published: January 2025

O texto aqui apresentado procura responder a questão de como ser capaz de superar determinadas estratégias estéticas no intuito de representar, a partir da suspensão de uma única personagem no ínterim da formação da consciência, a interioridade e os sortilégios da alma, através de uma tentativa de analisar a peça de Shakespeare enquanto representação da angústia, em suas diversas interpretações filosóficas, psicanalíticas e literárias, bem como em suas respectivas assimilações, inconsistências e ambiguidades.
To Compete or Not to Compete?
Authors:   , Banks Devin Delon , Gefen David
Published: January 2025

Governments, and in many instances, private and non-profit sector acquisition professionals (e.g., contracting officers, contracting specialist, procurement officials, etc.) are authorized to bypass traditional methods of directly competing contracts on the open market, and applying more streamlined 'indirect' procedures when certain favorable conditions involving Small Disadvantaged Businesses (SDB) and Minority Business Enterprises (MBE) are met. Despite however being less administratively and legally burdensome, and imminently more beneficial to the small business community, there may exist certain attitudes, beliefs, values, experiences, and emotional stimuli that encompass: 1) views on merit-based social and distributive justice; 2) impacts of rigid organizational culture and norms; 3) perceptions of ensuing contract risks and uncertainties; 4) reactions to information asymmetry during contract negotiations; 5) responses to acquisition professional role stressors; 6) effects of contract negotiation induced anxieties, and 7) Principal/Agent relationship expectations that disincentivize the sanctioned use of single-source indirect competition as a means of procuring goods and services. It is in consideration of such prospective third-party institutional buyer behavior, this study seeks to uncover the antecedent effects the seven aforementioned factors, and the moderating effects 'familiarity' with the indirect competition process have on discretionary decisions acquisition professionals make in connection with directly or indirectly competing and award contracts to SDBs or MBEs.
Atanas Dalchev’s ‘Little Tsargrad Mosaic’: A Return to the City of Childhood
Authors: Stoyanova Nadezhda
Published: January 2025

The paper aims to analyze the seven prose miniatures that the Bulgarian poet Atanas Dalchev (1904–1978) published in 1956 as a collection titled ‘Little Tsargrad Mosaic’. These short texts were among his first literary works which appeared after the establishment of the communist regime in Bulgaria. They became one of the early manifestations of the so-called Thaw in national culture. The miniatures lack public pathos, avoid social issues of their time, and do not contain any vision or notion of the future. In the context of the 1950s, these works demonstrate the main features of Dalchev’s poetics from the 1920s and 1930s, especially interpreting the exterior space through the perspective of the Self. Tsargrad/Istanbul – a place where the poet himself was based twice before 1944 – is the focal theme in the miniatures and is interpreted as a place of return and recognition; a topos where the person, freed from a metaphysical fear, realizes the potential of Being beyond their own singularity.
Appropriation of Classic Literature as an Ideological Issue: The Experience of Mikhail Chekhov Riga Russian Theatre
Authors: Shroma Natalja
Published: January 2025

In the present article, the issue of art, including literature as well as theatre, and ideology is analysed based on archival materials of Mikhail Chekhov Riga Russian Theatre from 1921 to 2023. The repertoire policy of the theatre at all stages of its existence took into account the ideological potential of classic writers and their ability to initiate the discussion of current political, ideological, and social issues. It was manifested in the selection of the authors (in their acceptance or rejection) and specific works for dramatization. The paper focuses on the stage adaptations of the prose of Ivan Turgenev, whose creative heritage has a wide range of ideological interpretations. Moreover, the article discusses the procedures of transformation of the source texts that allow successful reception of a classic text.
A Sketch on the Balkans as a “Centre of Peripheries”
Authors: Detrez Raymond
Published: January 2025

Throughout its history, the Balkan Peninsula has been encompassed within various expansive cultural and historical spheres, as well as state-like political formations. The most prominent among these include the ancient world, the Roman Empire, the Byzantine commonwealth, the Ottoman Empire, modern Europe, the Soviet bloc, and the European Union. Additionally, the region has experienced influences from less dominant spheres such as the Eurasian steppe, the Arab world, and the maritime empires of the Italian city-states and Dubrovnik. Within these broader frameworks, the Balkans have frequently occupied a peripheral position, characterized by frequent interactions with neighbouring cultural zones and limited control from the normative centre. These interactions, coupled with the region’s unique relationship to cultural and political centers, have contributed to the formation of distinct cultural hybrids. This paper explores several examples that substantiate the thesis of the Balkan Peninsula as a site of cultural hybridity.
Hepatoprotective efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Yesmin Nafisa , Anwarul Karim M. , Mazid Abu Haider Mohammad Raziul , Saha Mousumi , Imrul Kaes M.
Published: January 2025

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent pediatric malignancy, with an 80–85% survival rate. Despite advances, treatment-related hepatotoxicity remains a concern due to its impact on morbidity and chemotherapy adherence. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been proposed for its hepatoprotective potential during chemotherapy in pediatric ALL patients. This study evaluated UDCA's efficacy in preventing hepatotoxicity in children with ALL during the consolidation and interim maintenance chemotherapy phases.
Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted from September 2018 to August 2019 at BSMMU on 50 children (aged 1–18 years) with newly diagnosed ALL undergoing chemotherapy per the UK ALL 2003 protocol. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either UDCA plus chemotherapy (case group) or chemotherapy alone (control group). Hepatic function tests (ALT, AST, bilirubin) were monitored biweekly for three months, with hepatotoxicity defined as transaminase levels exceeding three times the upper normal limit.
Results: Fifty patients participated (25 in each group). Hepatotoxicity occurred in 32% of the case group versus 60% of the control group (p=0.040). Mean ALT and AST levels were significantly lower in the UDCA group compared to controls (p=0.004 and 0.001, respectively), particularly during the third to fifth follow-ups. Only one patient (4%) in the UDCA group required dose adjustments, compared to 40% in the control group.
Conclusion: UDCA co-administration reduced hepatic enzyme elevations and minimized chemotherapy interruptions, demonstrating hepatoprotective effects. Larger studies with longer follow-ups are needed to validate its safety and efficacy.
Antihyperlipidemic and cardioprotective effects of n-hexane extract of Terminalia catappa nuts in hyperlipidaemic and hyperglycemic Wister rats
Authors: Batubo Nimisoere P. , Reuben Edith , Opusunju Boma H. , Ogbu Ojeka Sunday , Victor Dapper Datonye
Published: January 2025

Background: Dyslipidaemia and diabetes mellitus are significant risk factors for cardiometabolic disease. This study evaluates the lipid-lowering and cardioprotective effects of the n-hexane extract of Terminalia catappa nuts (TCN) in hyperlipidaemic and hyperglycaemic Wistar rats.
Methods: Wistar rats were divided into two groups: negative control and induced groups. The induced group was further subdivided into positive control, standard drug-treated, and TCN-treated groups with 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg/day for six weeks. Serum lipid profiles were assessed using standard biochemical methods after 42 days of treatment with TCN. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test for multiple comparisons, with significance set at p<0.05.
Results: The untreated positive control group exhibited significant elevations in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, alongside reductions in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels (p<0.05). Treatment with TCN at 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg significantly improved lipid profiles, with reductions in TC, TG, and LDL (p<0.001) and an increase in HDL (p<0.001) compared to the positive control group. At 800 mg/kg, the most substantial improvements were observed. Similarly, TCN treatment significantly reduced atherogenic indices, including the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), atherogenic coefficient (AC), and Castelli risk indices I (CRI-I) and II (CRI-II). Improvements were dose-dependent, with the greatest reductions at 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg doses (p<0.001).
Conclusions: Terminalia catappa nuts demonstrates significant lipid-lowering and cardioprotective effects in hyperlipidaemic and hyperglycaemic conditions, supporting its potential as a natural therapeutic for managing cardiovascular risks and metabolic syndrome.
A prospective, single centre, observational study to evaluate the perception, knowledge and awareness about anaesthesia and role of anaesthesiologists, preoperatively and postoperatively, among patients undergoing anaesthesia procedure in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Tiwaskar Shilpa , Shah Kshama , Kulkarni Vivek , Karande Jyotsna
Published: January 2025

Background: Anaesthesiologists play a vital role perioperatively. Little is known about this to the patients. Hence, we undertook the study to evaluate the perception, knowledge and awareness about anaesthesia and anaesthesiologists amongst patients coming for surgery.
Methods: This study was an observational, interview questionnaire based; single centre study carried over 18 months from March 2017. 260 participants were asked about their perception and knowledge of anaesthesia and anaesthesiologist. The numeric data was summarized by descriptive statistics.
Results: Study could be completed in 255 patients, out of which, 4.70% were illiterate, 53.72% were high-school graduates and 41.56% were graduates. Out of 243 literates, 39.6% were aware that anaesthesiologists are doctors and only 10.94% had the knowledge about anaesthesia. The fear factor about anaesthesia in illiterate, high school graduates and graduate groups were 27.82%, 26.81% and 26.87% respectively.
Conclusions: Though the literacy level was 95.29% among our surgical patients, still 60.4% of patients were unaware of the role of anaesthesiologist and 89.06% were ignorant about knowledge of anaesthesia. All patients had some fear factor about anaesthesia, with an average of 27.28%, irrespective of gender and education level. The post-surgery questionnaire revealed that 98.82% of patients felt protected and cared for all throughout the perioperative period due to counselling during pre-anaesthesia visit.
Study and compare the echocardiographic changes in anaemic and non-anaemic pregnant women
Authors: G. Dhivya , Grover Suparna , Chhabra Ajay , Goyal Shreeji
Published: January 2025

Background: AIM: To determine the effect of moderate to severe anaemia on the cardiovascular system of pregnant women. To compare the systolic function and diastolic function among pregnant women with moderate-severe anaemia with that of uncomplicated non-anaemic pregnant women.
Methods: 30-pregnant normotensive women with moderate-severe anaemia were recruited as cases(Group A) and the controls(Group B) were 30 normotensive non-anaemic pregnant women all in 3rd trimester (26-40weeks gestation). After written informed consent, every participant underwent a 2D-transthoracic echocardiography. The parameters measured were 1) LVEDD, 2) LVESD), 3) SWTd, 4) PWTd, 5) EF 6) E/e’ and E/A ratio.
Results: Mean Hb of group A participants was 7.47±1.06 g% and that of group B was 11.31±1.21 g%. Mean LVEDD of group A (4.393±0.154 cm) was higher than the group B (3.977±0.177 cm), with p value (0.0010) being statistically significant. The mean of SWTd among the group A was 1.28±0.265 cm and in group B was 1.139±0.538 cm, but their difference was not statistically significant (p value 0.2030). PWTd was significantly increased in group A (1.32±0.589 cm) than the controls (1.07±0.244 cm) with p value:0.0359. EF and Fractional shortening did not have significant difference among the two groups. The mean value of E/e’ among group A & B were, 7.42±2.1 & 7.9±2.4 respectively and the difference is not statistically significant (p value 0.4131). The E/A ratio, being an indicator of diastolic function, was higher in the cases (1.622±0.518 & 1.369±0.323 in group A & B respectively) and the difference was statistically significant (p value: 0.0269).
Conclusions: LVEDD, LVESD and PWTd are all significantly increased amongst pregnant women with moderate-severe anaemia compared to pregnant women with Hb≥10g/dl. E/A ratio suggestive of diastolic dysfunction is also increased in pregnant women with anaemia but systolic functions are not affected as indicated by EF and fractional shortening.
Hughes-Stovin syndrome: a case report and literature review
Authors: Nazir Imran , Alrubai Elham Hamed , Iqbal Muhammad Zafar , Ahmad Elimam Amani Abdulmoniem , Ahmad Elimam Amal Abdulmoniem , Ezzat Sadeen Essam , Aseeri Thekra A. , Alqethami Sara Salem , Algoufi Jumanah Faisal , Rahman Sayed S.
Published: January 2025

Hughes-Stovin syndrome (HSS) is a rare clinical entity comprised of thrombophlebitis and multiple pulmonary and bronchial aneurysms. Medical literature has documented fewer than 40 cases of HSS. Its pathogenesis and etiology are still unknown. It is considered a variant of Behcet’s disease (BD). HSS is being managed either medically or surgically. We report the case of a 32-year-old Saudi male patient with HSS who initially presented with a pulmonary embolism (PE). Later, he developed hemoptysis that was treated successfully with methylprednisolone. The genetic, etiologic, and pathologic basis of HSS should be explored more in the future to elucidate the disease. Exploration of better and optimal medical and surgical therapeutic regimens is a need for time to treat and prevent morbidity in BD and HSS. There is a dilemma of anticoagulation in these patients that needs to be addressed and investigated properly.
Definitive role of surgery in management of acromegaly due to ectopic growth hormone secretion: review of literature
Authors: Singh Anuj , Sharma Naveen , Shekhawat Jaiveer S. , Singh Mahaveer , Sherawat Ram C. , Chaturvedi Anushree
Published: January 2025

Acromegaly, characterized by excessive growth hormone (GH) secretion, typically arises from pituitary adenomas. Ectopic GH production from non-pituitary tumors, such as carcinoid tumors, is exceedingly rare, <1%. The majority of the growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) - secreting tumors are bronchial carcinoids. Other GHRH-secreting tumors in decreasing order of occurrence are pancreatic adenomas, gastro-intestinal tumors, thymic tumors, and tumors associated with the MEN-I syndrome. We present a case of a 43-year-old female who presented with features consistent with acromegaly and was found to have an ectopic source of GH from a mediastinal tumor. Diagnostic evaluation included biochemical testing, imaging studies, and histopathological confirmation. Surgical intervention led to complete resolution of clinical symptoms and normalization of GH levels. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges posed by ectopic GH secretion and emphasizes the critical role of surgery in achieving favorable outcomes in such rare presentations of acromegaly.
A case report of retroperitoneal dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma with femoral nerve involvement
Authors: Satya Prakash Shalinee , Kumar Ashok , Talwar Nikhil , Moeenuddeen  , Goel Mahak
Published: January 2025

Chondrosarcomas, a type of malignant bone tumour, are relatively rare and originate from cartilage producing cells. Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCS), which makes up about 10% of all chondrosarcomas, is a rare and extremely aggressive subtype with high risk of metastasis. Here we report a case of 60-year-old lady with left lower abdomen lump of 10x10cm since 5months with normal gait, normal sensory, motor, spine and hip examination which shows no bony involvement in X-rays. On CECT and MRI there was large heterogenous enhancing soft tissue density mass lesion of size 11.7×10.9 cm with multiple coarse calcifications, without bone involvement. On Ultrasound guided core needle biopsy, it was found to be low grade chondrosarcoma. Patient was planned for wide local excision of tumor with adequate margins. Intraoperatively femoral nerve was seen passing inside the tumor which was resected and nerve repair done with sural nerve graft. In Post operative period patient had difficulty in extending left leg so knee gaiter was advised for support. After 6months follow up patient was seen healthy and walking without knee gaiter. Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCS), which makes up about 10% of all chondrosarcomas, is a rare and extremely aggressive subtype. It is associated with high rates of metastasis and poor survival. Surgery is generally the standard of care for patients and adequate margins are recommended. Role of chemoradiotherapy is controversial. Surgery is the treatment of choice in dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma in patients with local disease with no metastasis.
Recent advances in diagnosis and management of chronic cholestatic liver diseases: expert consensus
Authors: Mukewar Shrikant
Published: January 2025

Chronic cholestatic liver diseases (CCLD), primarily including primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), are characterized by impaired bile flow, leading to systemic complications such as pruritus, jaundice, fat soluble vitamin deficiencies and progressive liver damage. Recent advances in diagnostics, particularly the use of non-invasive tests like FIB-4, APRI and transient elastography, have significantly improved the early detection and assessment of liver fibrosis. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) remains the cornerstone treatment for PBC, effectively improving biochemical markers and delaying disease progression. In contrast, the treatment options for PSC remain limited. Emerging therapies targeting bile acid synthesis and gut microbiota modulation are under investigation, offering potential future solutions for PSC. In the Indian clinical setting, other causes of intrahepatic cholestasis, such as alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and drug-induced liver injury (DILI), are more prevalent. ALD with cholestasis is seen in 10-30% of patients, while DILI, often driven by tuberculosis medications and complementary and alternative medicines, accounts for a significant proportion of cases. Infectious causes like hepatitis A and fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis in hepatitis C patients post-liver transplantation also contribute to the disease burden. Experts recommend ongoing UDCA use in cholestatic conditions, regular non-invasive fibrosis assessments, and further research into new pharmacological agents for both PBC and PSC.
Revumenib: the newly approved food drug administration drug for the treatment of relapsed acute leukemia with a KMT2A translocation
Authors: Sohliya Aibannehbok E. L.
Published: January 2025

On November 15, 2024, the US food and drug administration (FDA) granted approval for Revumenib for the treatment of relapsed or refractory acute leukemia in adult patients and pediatric patients aged 12 months or older who exhibit a lysine methyltransferase 2A (KMT2A) translocation. This subset of acute leukemia is driven by the pathological interaction between menin proteins and the KMT2A gene, a critical epigenetic regulator. This interaction facilitates the rearrangement of KMT2A, which underpins leukemogenesis, contributing to the pathophysiology in approximately 10% of acute leukemia cases.
Patterns of lifestyle behaviors, self-efficacy for nutrition, and dietary diversity among adolescents of the Chamba and Mandi districts of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Sethi Gaurav , Rastogi Priyanshu , Shukla Mansi , Choudhary Santosh , Garg Rishi , Sethi Gitanshu , Mehra Sunil , Sharma Shantanu
Published: January 2025

Background: The growing unhealthy lifestyle among adolescents, including decreased vegetable intake, high calorie-rich diet, and inadequate physical activity, are posing challenges. However, there is a lack of data on how dietary diversity and self-efficacy, crucial in determining food intakes, are interlinked and affect body mass index (BMI), an indicator of malnutrition. Hence, we aimed to assess unmarried boys’ and girls’ (10-19 years) lifestyle behaviors, self-efficacy for nutrition, dietary diversity, and their association with BMI in Himachal Pradesh.
Methods: It was a cross-sectional quantitative study conducted in the Mandi and Chamba districts using a structured questionnaire. Self-efficacy was measured using a five-point Likert-scale-based tool, and dietary diversity was calculated from 10 major food groups consumed in the last 24h. Besides socio-demographic details, weight and height measurements were obtained to calculate the BMI. We performed linear regression analysis to assess the associations of self-efficacy, BMI, and dietary diversity with socio-demographic determinants.
Results: Out of 942 adolescents, 473 (50.2%) were girls and 469 (49.8%) were boys. Marginalized populations had lower dietary diversity than the non-marginalized. Girls had a lower dietary diversity than boys. Adolescents possessing below-the-poverty-line cards had a lower self-efficacy than those possessing above-the-poverty-line cards. Adolescents who had higher dietary diversity had a lower BMI compared to their counterparts (beta coefficient (95% confidence interval); p value -0.30 (-0.51, -0.10); 0.004). 
Conclusions: Dietary diversity and BMI are affected by socio-demographic characteristics like education, income, religion, and social caste. BMI is inversely associated with dietary diversity and conversely, positively associated with self-efficacy.
Assessment of cataract blindness and cataract surgical outcome in rural and tribal population
Authors: Murkhe Alind V. , Shukla Ajay K. , Sheikh Azhar
Published: January 2025

Background: Assessment of cataract blindness and cataract surgical outcomes to determine the impact of cataract and the cataract control program on the rural and tribal population.
Methods: 25 clusters each from rural and tribal area with population of minimum 100 people aged above 50 years were selected by stratified cluster sampling. Participants were evaluated for history, vision, and questionnaire regarding cataract surgery as per pre-designed proforma.
Results: In rural area, of 5300 eyes, Severe Visual Impairment (SVI) (visual acuity <6/60 to ≥3/60) was noted in 151 (2.84%) eyes and 236 (4.45%) eyes were blind (visual acuity ≤3/60). Prevalence of cataract blindness noted in study population was 3.49%. whereas, in tribal area, of 5082 eyes, SVI was noted in 101 (1.98%) eyes and 134 (2.63%) eyes were blind. Prevalence of cataract blindness noted in study population was 2.14%. In rural area, out of 624 operated eyes, 431 eyes (69.07%) had good visual outcome (visual acuity ≥6/18), 132 eyes (21.15%) had borderline visual outcome (visual acuity >6/18 to ≤6/60) while, 61 eyes (9.78%) had poor visual outcome (visual acuity >6/60). In tribal area, out of 221 operated eyes, 139 eyes (62.89%) had good visual outcome, 59 eyes (33.62%) had borderline visual outcome, while 32 eyes (14.47%) had poor visual outcome.
Conclusions: Cataract was the major avoidable cause of blindness in rural and tribal population. The policies and programme should be strengthened and penetration of these services in rural as well as tribal area is necessary.
Prediction of 10-year cardiovascular disease risk among Nicobarese Tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Authors: R. Manjunatha , N. Muruganandam , T. Kannan
Published: January 2025

Background: WHO data on increased CVDs in India is estimated to be one of the greatest of any country in the world. The Nicobarese tribes of India are indigenous tribes, habited in difficult to reach, rural, and remote Islands in the Bay of Bengal.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 365 Nicobar Tribes using WHO HEARTS risk prediction charts to study the distribution and determinants of NCD risk factors and to predict the 10-year CVD risk.
Results: 66.8% were obese, 24.4% were smokers. Smokeless tobacco use was prevalent among 74.8 and 62.5% reported alcohol consumption. Based on the non-laboratory component of the CVD risk assessment chart, 83 (22.7%) had a risk <5%, 132 (36.2%) had a risk of 5-9%, 114 (31.2%) had a risk of 10-19%, 34 (9.3%) had a risk of 20-29%. Illiteracy (aRR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.34 to 3.78, p=0.002) and lower vegetable consumption (aRR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.81, p=0.035) were associated with a CVD risk score of 10-19%. Employment and lower vegetable consumption were associated with a higher risk score of ≥20% (aRR: 2.59, 95% CI: 1.14 to 6.01, p=0.024).
Conclusions: The prediction of 10-year CVD risk levels shows moderate to high CVD risk levels are higher among Nicobarese tribes than reported levels among general populations. Illiteracy, lower level of educational status, consumption of alcohol, and low consumption of vegetables in the diet are the main predictors of such moderate to high CVD risk levels.
Impact of night shift work on sleep quality and dietary pattern: a study among its professionals in Puducherry, India
Authors: Bharath Bala M. , Savitha G. , Shree Sruthi E. , Andrew John Silvester S.
Published: January 2025

Background: Night shift work is prevalent in various industries such as healthcare, manufacturing, emergency services, and call centres, especially in regions with 24-hour operations. Health issues often arise due to the disruption of circadian rhythms that shift workers endure. The main objective of the study to assess the prevalence of poor sleep quality among IT professionals, to assess the dietary pattern among IT professionals and to assess the association between dietary pattern and sleep quality among night shift IT professionals.
Methods: It is a quantitative, cross-sectional study conducted among 163 IT professional in a Puducherry India. Simple random sampling technique was used for selection of participants.
Results: The present study reveals that all 163 participants (100%) have a PSQI score of 5 or greater, indicating "Poor sleep quality." No participants were classified as having "Good sleep quality," highlighting the prevalence of poor sleep quality in this group. This relationship is statistically significant (p=0.015), suggesting that the observed correlation is unlikely due to chance.
Conclusions: The study concludes that night shift work among IT professionals in Puducherry, India, has a significant adverse impact on sleep quality, with all participants exhibiting poor sleep quality as indicated by a PSQI score of 5 or greater. The disruption of natural circadian rhythms due to irregular working hours is a primary contributor to deteriorating sleep patterns.
Patient safety at risk: non compliance with drug regulations among community pharmacies in Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Authors: S. Prabakaran , S. G. Santhoshkumar , S. U. Deepika , T. Vishnu , Mohanta Guru Prasad
Published: January 2025

Background: Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are available for consumer purchase without prescriptions, whereas Schedule H medications require valid prescriptions from registered medical practitioners. This pilot study assesses the dispensing practices of community pharmacists in Chennai using the simulated client method.
Methods: Two Pharm.D. students, trained to role-play as simulated clients, visited 25 community pharmacies in Chennai to request Tab. Prednisolone 40 mg. Each interaction was documented using a data collection form focusing on control, compliance, and complications. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests.
Results: Out of 25 pharmacies, 52% agreed to dispense the medication without justification, while 44% strongly disagreed even after explanations were provided. Only 36% asked for a prescription, and a concerning 64% did not prioritize its necessity. Only 12% of respondents provided information about the medication, with location statistically significant in relation to prescription requests (p=0.027). Notably, two pharmacies allowed unqualified personnel to dispense medications.
Conclusions: The pilot study reveals inappropriate practices among community pharmacists in Chennai, emphasizing the urgent need for awareness programs and regulatory revisions. The high rates of non-compliance raise concerns about patient safety and highlight the necessity for strategic public health initiatives similar to Kerala’s Operation AMRITH. Immediate action is essential to improve pharmacy practice standards and ensure safe dispensing of medications.
Cross-sectional observational study of occurrence and correlation of the risk-factors of hypertension among medical students in Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Authors: Maheshwari Ansh , Shah Om , Dumra Gurusharan
Published: January 2025

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of hypertension in students of a medical college associated with a tertiary care teaching hospital and identify the risk factors in this group.
Methods: Participants answered a structured questionnaire and underwent a physical screening. Automated (Omron HEM-7121J) sphygmomanometers were used to measure blood pressures. Standardised digital weighing scales were used to measure weight. Standardised stadiometers were used to measure height. Hypertension grades were defined under the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Society of Hypertension (ESH) 2023 guidelines. Appropriate statistical analysis was performed to test the correlation and significance of the risk factors of hypertension.
Results: The sample of this study comprised of 247 students out of which 52.6% were females and 47.4% were males. This study found the occurrence of hypertension to be 13.4%. Furthermore, a significant association was found between hypertension and various risk factors like body mass index (BMI), dietary salt intake, physical activity, duration of sleep per night, habit of smoking, alcohol consumption and family history of hypertension.
Conclusions: This study highlights the occurrence of hypertension among medical students, providing valuable insight for targeting intervention programs at this early stage. By incorporating education on hypertension occurrence and its risks into the educational curriculum, these programs can effectively address the issue within this population.
Treatment seeking behaviour and control status of selected parameters among non-communicable disease patients
Authors: Thayyil Jayakrishnan , Rejani Karthika , Kaithery Nivya Noonjiyil , Punathukandi Sruthikrishna , Kannamvayal Durgesh Kumar , Palakkunnath Sujesh
Published: January 2025

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represent a growing health burden worldwide, particularly in India, where access to healthcare is limited. These chronic conditions, including diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, require continuous management to prevent complications. This study explores the treatment seeking patterns and current health control status of NCD patients in a rural setting, aiming to identify gaps in healthcare utilization and areas for improvement. To assess treatment seeking behaviour and to determine the control status of selected parameters among NCD patients.
Methods: This is a community based cross-sectional study conducted among individuals residing in   Chathamangalam Grama Panchayat of Kozhikode district in Kerala, India. A total of 120 sample participants, aged 35 and above, were selected from the NCD register regarding their diagnosis of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, stroke, coronary artery disease (CAD) and other NCDs. The study collected demographic, behavioural and clinical data, including laboratory results and the treatment adherence status to identify barriers to effective disease management. The data was collected by direct interview using a pretested semi structured questionnaire.
Results: Among 120 NCD patients, about 80% of the hypertensives and 78% of the diabetics were under control. Majority of the patients (60%) were having medical insurance and about 43% rely on public healthcare facilities as their source for medications. The study highlights that only 3.33% of the patients had good treatment adherence, while 42.5% of the participants had poor treatment adherence.
Conclusions: The study findings reflect the inadequate treatment adherence of NCD patients especially hypertension and diabetes in rural settings. There is a present need for comprehensive  public health strategies focusing lifestyle modification, regular follow up  and direct monitoring.
Perceived Stress and Psychological Resilience: The Serial Mediation of Cognitive Control and Cognitive Flexibility
Authors: Donat Bacıoğlu Seda , Onat Kocabıyık Oya
Published: January 2025

The present study aims to investigate the mediator role of  cognitive control and cognitive flexi­bility in the relationship between university students’ perceived stress and their psychological resilience during COVID-19 pandemic. The sample consisted of 405 university students. The findings showed that perceived stress indirectly via cognitive control and cognitive flexibility effects psychological resilience of university students during pandemic. Cognitive control and cognitive flexibility mediates the relationship. The negative effect of perceived stress on cogni­tive control and cognitive flexibility caused a decrease in students’ psychological resilience. The cognitive flexibility has a positive effect on university students’ psychological resilience. Inter­ventions and techniques for stress management can support cognitive control and cognitive flexi­bility of young people under high stress, this may contribute to increasing psychological resili­ence of them. Implications for intervention are discussed.
Building of the University...
Authors:   Saratov State University, Avrus A. Y.
Published: January 2025

The article eximines the basic stages of evolution of the SSU. The main attention focused at the two sides of this process: the buildings construction and perfection of educational process. The author discribes how the university became one of the largest educational centers with more then 30 thousands students and post-graduates and more then a dozen Departments and Institutes now, from the small educational institution located in a single building with just 92 students. The article prepared on the basic of wide range of source and the memoirs of the author, who holds different educational positions in the SSU for more then 60 years.
The Issue of the «Last Villainge» in England of the XVI Century
Authors:   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vinokurova M. V.
Published: January 2025

The article studies the phenomenon of the «last villainge», which was discovered by A.N. Savin at the beginning of the XX century. The author examines the question of differences in the legal and social status of ordinary holders of land and «last villaints» in the XVI c. It introduces certain correction to the understanding of the agrarian peculiarity of England during the period of the capitalism genesis.
Multiclass Supervised Learning Approach for SAR-COV2 Severity and Scope Prediction: SC2SSP Framework
Authors: Saheb Shaik Khasim , Sreenivasarao Devavarapu , Bhukya Sreedhar
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Identifying high-risk areas for the virus or the potential for the technique to be applied to this infectious disease might be difficult. The existing tools being used for predicting viruses exhibit various limitations. The severe pneumonia caused by the rapidly spreading coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is predicted to have a significant negative impact on the healthcare sector. Accurate treatment requires an urgent need for early diagnosis, which reduces pressure on the healthcare system. Computed Tomography (CT) scan and Chest X-Ray (CXR) are some of the standard image diagnoses. Although a CT scan is the most common method for diagnosis, CXR is the most frequently utilized since it is more accessible, quicker, and less expensive.
Materials and Methods: In this manuscript, the proposed model SC2SSP is a multiclass supervised learning technique that aims to predict the scope and severity of the SAR-COV2 virus using data on confirmed cases and deaths. The model may also utilize preprocessing techniques which are Gaussian smoothing for handling imbalanced data, such as oversampling or under sampling, as well as feature extraction methods such as Local Binary Pattern to identify the most relevant input features for the prediction task. Additionally, a classifier such as XGBoost can also be used to further improve the model's performance. This makes the model more robust and accurate in predicting the scope and severity of the SAR-COV2 virus.
Results: The model utilizes the Exact Greedy Algorithm to classify the spread and impact of the virus in different regions. The performance metrics like accuracy, precision, fscore and sensitivity are analyzing the proposed method performance. The proposed SC2SSP approach attains 3.101% and 7.12% higher accuracy; 24.13% and 13.04% higher precision compared with existing methods, like the Detection of COVID-19 from Chest X-ray Images Using Convolutional Neural Networks (Resnet50), Deep learning for automated recognition of covid-19 from chest X-ray images (VGGNet), respectively.
Conclusion: The conclusion and potential future healthcare planning follow the exploration of evidence-based approaches and modalities in the scope and forecast.
A Feasibility Study on Nano-Particle Properties for Signal Generation at NaI(Tl) Scintillation Detectors
Authors: Koochi Siamak Hooshmand , Torshabi Ahmad Esmaili
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Scintillators have become a prevalent method for detecting ionizing radiation due to their ability to produce optical photons that serve as the basis for the final signal representing the physical properties of the incident beam. This signal is generated using interface hardware such as photon multipliers or photodiodes, in conjunction with the scintillator body. A feasibility study was undertaken to investigate a new interface and detector body based on nano-technology and nano-particle materials, which could potentially eliminate the need for the current photon multipliers.
Materials and Methods: The study involved simulating various incidence beams to determine the wavelengths and intensities of light photons emitted from a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector. The absorption and scatter phenomena of light photons were then modeled using a discrete dipole approximation code, with silver being proposed as the nano-particle material. The silver nano-sphere was implemented as a cubic array with numerous point dipoles distributed on a cubic lattice. An experimental verification was also performed, using Silver Nanoparticle material in powder form, irradiated by 420 nm visible photons.
Results: Based on the numerical results, it is feasible to use nano-material properties as a replacement for current light multipliers. The experimental results confirmed variations in the frequency of the function generator, which was chosen as a typical signal.
Conclusion: However, concerns may arise regarding the implementation of the necessary hardware to retrieve the produced signal as output from the nano-material component, to represent ionizing beam characteristics.