bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AGLOMERAÇÃO URBANA DE LONDRINA - PR:
Authors: Pereira Cocato Guilherme
Published: July 2024

Os estudos urbanos sempre se depararam com a necessidade e o desafio de investigar a realidade e seus elementos em determinados recortes espaciais. Essas áreas são escolhidas e delimitadas de acordo com as justificativas e objetivos de cada pesquisador(a). Nesse contexto, alguns recortes acabam sendo mais utilizados, seja por definições institucionais ou pela quantidade de trabalhos realizados em seu âmbito, necessitando de revisões constantes. Este artigo objetiva abordar as discussões e os critérios que consideramos incontornáveis para a formação de uma unidade territorial, em caráter interurbano, que denominamos como aglomeração urbana de Londrina – PR. Para isso, trazemos outras delimitações e terminologias possíveis, frequentemente usadas na caracterização da rede urbana brasileira. Também elaboramos materiais cartográficos para melhor entendimento da aglomeração urbana e dos fatores espaciais e territoriais envolvidos. Em especial, recebem destaque os processos de continuidade espacial, continuidade e proximidade territorial, fundamentais para a delimitação do referido recorte. Conclui-se que a aglomeração urbana de Londrina se apresenta como um novo e frutífero recorte para estudo na rede urbana norte paranaense e brasileira. É um conjunto de cidades que, em seus processos interligados de estruturação espacial, estabelece conexões em diferentes escalas geográficas, sobrepostas e entrelaçadas. Esperamos que tal recorte seja alvo de escrutínio, manipulação e alterações que se apresentarem no caminho, auxiliando no desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas.
تنازع الاختصاص بين القضاء العسكري والقضاء المدني
Authors: الراشدي وليد بدر نجم
Published: July 2024

يهدف البحث الحالي الى توضيح موقف المشرع العسكري العراقي من تنازع الاختصاص بعد صدور قانون اصول المحاكمات الجزائية العسكري الجديد ذي الرقم (22) لسنة 2016 وتوضيح مفهوم الاختصاص بكل ابعاده اللغوية والاصطلاحية والقانونية وإضافة لبنة اجرائية تخلى عنها المشرع الجزائي او لم يعالجها بصورة صريحة، إذ تنبع أهمية البحث من أهمية موضوع الاختصاص الذي يحتل موقع مهم واساس في تحديد مهمة القضاء الذي تناط به مهمة التثبت من تهمة المتهم او نفيها عنه، وتوصل الباحث الى العديد من الاستنتاجات كان أهمها ان الاختصاص يراد به اهلية المحكمة للنظر في الدعوى، اما تنازع الاختصاص فيراد به الخلاف بين جهتين قضائيتين في شأن اختصاصها بنظر دعوى معينة. والتنازع على الاختصاص قد يقع بين محكمتين عسكريتين او قد يقع بين محكمة عسكرية ومحكمة جزائية عادية، وأوصى الباحث بضرورة إيراد المشرع العراقي لنص صريح وواضح يحدد الجهة المختصة في حل التنازع على الاختصاص الايجابي او السلبي الواقع بين المحاكم العسكرية والمحاكم الجزائية العادية بالإضافة الى ضرورة اعطاء اطراف الدعوى الحق في طلب تعيين المرجع المختص بحل التنازع، وعدم اقتصار ذلك على المحكمة  فقط.
الحماية القانونية للمستثمر الأجنبي من المخاطر المالية
Authors: خضير دعاء كريم , شاكر أنس إحسان
Published: July 2024

نظراً لأهمية الاستثمار الاجنبي في عملية التنمية الاقتصادية، وبما يقدمه من رؤوس أموال لخلق اقتصاد متطور، وفي الوقت ذاته يعمل على جذب الخبرات الفنية والإدارية والذي يقوم باستغلال ثروات الدول الطبيعية والصناعية، لذا تقوم الدول المضيفة للاستثمار على توفير بيئة استثمارية ملائمة خالية من المخاطر المالية تشجع المستثمر الاجنبي من استثماره في تلك الدول. ولذلك تناولت الدراسة المخاطر المالية التي يتعرض إليها المستثمر الاجنبي كالازدواج الضريبي والرقابة على سعر النقد الاجنبي، وقيود تحويل العملة، وكذلك المخاطر المتعلقة بالأموال، والمتعلقة بمنع التحويل الحر ورأس عوائده، والخاطر المتعلقة بالأجور والرواتب، وعلى هذا الاساس كان دور للتشريع العراقي والمصري، والاتفاقيات الدولية في تأمين المستثمر الاجنبي من المخاطر المالية التي يتعرض إليها عند استثماره في الدول المضيفة للاستثمار.
The Translation of Family and Kinship Terms in Arabic Societies
Authors: Mohammed Zahraa R. , Mohammed Shaymaa R. , Qassim Rabea M.
Published: July 2024

The study of kin terminology in Arabic has always been a major focus of Arab legal scholars, sociologists and philologists. The main events of Human life are birth, marriage and death tend to occur within kin units in most societies. Though there are universal features of kin category, the expression of these features varies from culture to culture. it is culture in nature rather than a biological given. The goal of present study is to refer to the relations built up from links between father - grandfathers and their male children, blood relation which donates the relation from the mother in addition to the milk - kin in two distinct dialects the Maslawai and the Kuwaiti dialects. In this paper we present to non-Arabic readers the Maslawi and Kuwaiti dialect as examples of how Arabic societies kinship divide, showing some similarities and difference in terms of kin terms themselves to enrich the investigations that prove the richness of Arabic language upon other languages used worldwide
The Possibilities of the Actual Orientation of the Green Building in Iraq
Authors: Abdalqadir Narmeen A.
Published: July 2024

This research covers the zone between Iraq and Iran. The ﬁrst investigated region is the 'Mesopotamian Marshes' or Iraqi-Iran Marshes, it's a wetland zone located in southern Iraq and partly in southwestern Iran. The other region is a desert district which includes a prominent part of the southern and western parts of Iraq and part of Iran. The last is the center city of Basra. The building materials were the most important building element that affected the conformation of vernacular habitats In this study, we needed to focus on the effects of ecological and energy-efficiency processes in creating vernacular habitats and the selection of optimal building systems and materials in this part of the world which can be an essential point for sustainable environmental building processes in the future. Reeds, clay, straw, bricks, and wood were the most popular building materials used by builders from this region. The impact of building material on the environment embodies the essential method implicitly signiﬁcant in this research to effectively determine traditional building materials in the environment in addition to comparative analysis which presents an essential factor of our analysis in addition to the impact of environments on building systems. The main target of this study is to beneﬁt designers and building engineers in their pursuit to ﬁnd optimal and competent solutions suitable for speciﬁc local microclimates using traditional methods in the design process that are sustainable and ecological.
A Study of Some Immunological and Hematological Aspects in Children with Renal Disease
Authors: Muhsin Eman A. , Khalaf Shahrazad A. , Gatea Iman H. , Abdalwahed Esam A.
Published: July 2024

This study was carried out between September 17, and December 25, 2023. It included 62 pediatric patients at the age range (1-12) years of both genders: 26 with chronic renal failure (CRF) and 36 with nephrotic syndrome (NS), who were outpatients and in-patients in the dialysis unit in both Al-Mansour pediatric teaching hospital and Child's central teaching hospital. The control group consisted of 26 children. Blood samples were collected from patients and controls. Immunological tests of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and erythropoietin (Epo) measurement were done by using ELISA technique. Biochemical tests, including blood urea and serum creatinine, were applied to evaluate renal function. Hematological aspects referred to anemia presence or not; by measuring PCV and Hb. The results explained significant increase in serum IL-6 levels (P<0.001), significant decrease in serum Epo levels (P<0.001), significant increase in both urea and creatinine concentrations (P<0.001) in serum and significant decrease in both PCV and Hb (P<0.001) in NS and CRF patients in comparison with the control group
Study of Biochemical Parameters in Major Thalassemia Patients
Authors: Almajidi Mohammed I. , Hamza Thulfeqar A.
Published: July 2024

Thalassemia is a genetic disorder that affects the production of hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells. This disorder alters some blood and biochemical parameters, leading to anemia and other complications. We conducted a study on 120 thalassemia patients from the Thalassemia Center at Baghdad Hospital in Iraq, from April 2022 to March 2023. The patients had an average age of 13 ± 3.5 years. We measured their hematological and biochemical parameters and compared them with healthy controls. We found that the patients had lower levels of red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and packed cell volume (PCV) than the controls, and higher levels of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase, and urea. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Our study shows the impact of thalassemia on blood and biochemical parameters and highlights the need for effective treatment and management of this disorder.
Environmental Pollution and Its Design Presentation in Advertising (Plastic Pollution as a Model)
Authors: Ibrahim Reem Abdel Sattar , Al-Waeli Shaimaa Kamil Dakhil
Published: July 2024

The relentless pursuit of technological and industrial advancement, coupled with population growth, has erected obstacles that have exacerbated the problem of environmental pollution. Environmental pollution has caused significant losses to living organisms and health systems worldwide. However, there is a realistic hope that many of us will see an improvement in the situation in the coming years. This study explores ways to present environmental advertising as a source of information that can influence individual and societal decisions, and the change it brings about in the thoughts and behaviors of individuals and societies. It also identifies appropriate strategies for designing environmental advertising by highlighting the collection and amplification of the design elements to show the problem of environmental pollution on a wide scale. The first chapter addresses the research problem and is summarized by the question: What is environmental pollution and how can it be presented in advertising design? The importance of the study is as follows: Theoretical importance: The possibility of benefiting from this study in environmental studies, and the benefit of learning about the scientific results produced by this study. The research objective is to identify ways to present the problem of plastic pollution in environmental advertising designs. The second chapter presents previous studies and the theoretical framework, which includes two sections: the first deals with (environmental pollution), and the second deals with (environmental advertising). After completing the theoretical framework, the indicators that were used in the axis analysis questionnaire were extracted. The third chapter is dedicated to the research procedures. And among the results that the researcher reached: Finding the motivation for change through image, text, and color. One of the most important conclusions of the study is that: Environmental advertising is an effective tool in spreading environmental awareness, by providing information, statistics, and urging individual and social responsibility towards the various environmental problems. The communication of environmental advertising is based on strategies for conveying information to the public, largely through images, especially in linguistically and culturally heterogeneous societies.
Brand Communication in the Visual Discourse of the Educational Theatrical Performance
Authors: Haref Ghaidaa Ali
Published: July 2024

Educational theater is considered a significant behavioral mechanism within the educational system, as it plays a crucial role in the teaching and learning process, shaping ideas through visual discourse and the ability to create symbolic meanings and impactful interpretations for the learner within the space of the educational theatrical performance. The research problem revolves around the following question: (What is the role of brand communication in the visual discourse of educational theatrical presentations?), As for the theoretical framework, it includes two chapters: the first discusses brand communication between the concept and application, while the second addresses the concept of educational theater. The third chapter reviews the research methodology, and the fourth chapter presents the research results and draws several conclusions. The study concludes with the list of references.
The Influence of Self-Efficacy on Organizational Commitment Has an Impact on Teacher Performance in Elementary Schools in Mataram City
Authors: . Husniati , Yudana Made , Agung Anak Agung Gede , Dantes Kadek Rihendra.
Published: July 2024

Teachers make an important contribution to educational success, which is realized through learning. The quality of education is closely related to teacherxperformance. This researchxaims to examine and explain the influence of.self-efficacy on organizational commitment and its impact on teacher performance. The research subjects were 1,977 elementarysxchoolxteachers in Mataram city. The method for determining the sample was the proportional random sampling technique, the Krejcie and Morgan formula corrected with the Warwick and Lininge formula, obtaining 328 respondents. The questionnaire uses a 5 option. The analysis uses StructuralxEquationxModeling and PartialxLeast Squaresa(PLS-SEM) techniques. The results are; (1) self-efficacy hasxa significant directzeffect on organizational commitmentzas evidencedzby the T-Statistics value being 7.317 andzP-values.0.000 (2) self-efficacy has a significant directzeffect on teacherzperformance as evidenced by the T-Statistics value being 5.640 and sig 0.007 (3) organizationalxcommitment has a significant direct effect on teacherzperformance as evidenced by the T-Statistics value being 2.912 and sig 0.019 (4) self-efficacy has a significant indirectxeffect on teacher performance through organizationalzcommitment as.evidenced by the T-Statistics being 2.257 and sig 0.024. Research findings show that self-efficacy and organizationalxcommitment have a significant effect on teacherxperformance. Thus, it is recommended to apply self-efficacyxand organizationalxcommitment to improve teacherxperformance.
Implementation of the Tattwakusumadewa Teachings at Hindu Spiritual Civilization in Mataram City and Kupang City
Authors: Widana I Nyoman Murba , Wirata I Wayan , Kariyadi I Kayan
Published: July 2024

This research aims to examine the implementation of thetattwa kusumadewa teaching at Hindu spiritual civilization in the Mataram City and Kupang City. This research was designed as an descriptive qualitative research type using a case study model. Based on the results of this research, three findings were found related to the implementation of the tattwaKusumadewa teaching at Hindu communities in Mataram and Kupang. First, the content of the tattwaKusumadewa text talks about how to elect pemangku (Hindu saint), namely: wahya marga and adyatmika marga. Wahya marga selection is carried out based on descent, tereh, ancestral guidance, and kramadesa choices. Adiyatmikamarga talks about what is appropriate for ngewinteni, in this case a dwijati (sulinggih), at least witnessed by community pemangku when it is performed, and nyurud hayu begs Ida Sanghyang Widhi Wasa and is done at the piodalan. Second, the implementation of the tattwa kusumadewain spiritual civilization for pemangku is used as a guideline for carrying out Hindu religious ceremonies, especially spiritual improvement, even approaching true spirituality and being able to transfer knowledge to people and be able to transform themselves well. Third, the positive impact of implementing the tattwa kusumadewawhich is related to physical health, thoughts, and meaning is very large which is related to local culture which is part of Indonesian culture, which includes; religious systems, social organizations, language, arts and livelihoods. The meaning of the implementation of the tattwa kusumadewais related to increasing religious emotions, belief systems, social and cultural systems.
The Accusatives in the Commentaries of Al-Durra Al-Alfiya by Ibn Al-Muati and Ibn Al-Khabbaz
Authors: Farhan Saad Ahmed , Mohammed Ahmed Khaled
Published: July 2024

The research elucidates the permissibility of placing the object first to convey the meaning, as the notion that the pear is eaten comes to mind first. The study delves into the issue of whether the verb can extend to encompass inclusion, involving both the deaf and others, suggesting that it has extended to inclusion in the sentence when it is a type of inclusion, as well as in instances of returning and walking The research asserts that the circumstantial accusative is in the accusative case because it resembles the direct object, being an adjunct. As Sibawayh stated: "The chapter on what is in the accusative among nouns that are neither adjectives nor verbal nouns, because it denotes the state in which the action occurs, thus it is in the accusative as it functions as an object. Some Arabs say: 'I spoke to him, his mouth to my mouth,' as if to say: 'I spoke to him, and this was his state.' Hence, it is the accusative because it describes the state in which the action occurred The research underscores the importance of the representation adopted by the author and the commentator, demonstrating that the object must fulfill three conditions: it must be a noun, it must occur after a clause containing a verb or a word conveying the meaning of a verb and its particles, or it must follow the conjunction "و" indicating association, which signifies accompaniment. Thus, the object actually serves as a noun adjunct to the conjunction"و" denoting association. The study concludes that advancing transmission and analogy in differentiation is permissible. Regarding analogy, this is because the factor in differentiation falls into two categories: one being a solid noun and the other a transitive verb, with the differentiating factor being transitive.
Observations sur le document d'orientation sur la protection de la vie privée à l'intention des services de police relativement à la reconnaissance faciale
Authors: Castets-Renard Céline , Déziel Pierre-Luc , Langlois Lyse
Published: July 2024

Les autorités fédérale, provinciales et territoriales du Canada, dont la Commission d’accès à l’information du Québec, ont lancé en juin 2021 un avis de consultation et appel aux observations en lien avec le document d’orientation à l’intention des services de police fédéraux, provinciaux, régionaux et municipaux visant à définir les obligations de ces dernières en matière de protection de la vie privée relativement à l’utilisation de la technologie de reconnaissance faciale (RF), afin de garantir que toute utilisation de celle-ci ne contrevient pas à la loi, limite les risques d’atteinte à la vie privée et respecte le droit à la vie privée. Dans le cadre de cet avis de consultation et appel aux observations, trois chercheuses et chercheurs de l'OBVIA ont apporté des observations pour aider à l'amélioration du document. Ils considèrent en particulier que l'utilisation de la reconnaissance faciale par les services de police doit faire l'objet d'un meilleur encadrement légal et éthique au-delà du respect des lois de protection des renseignements personnels qu'ils estiment insuffisantes pour faire face aux nombreux enjeux sociaux. Ils estiment aussi que les services de police doivent être formés aux enjeux liés notamment aux risques d'erreur, biais, discrimination et surveillance de masse. Ils soulignent enfin le fait que l’atteinte à la vie privée s’accompagne ici le plus souvent de l’atteinte à d’autres droits fondamentaux. Ils recommandent l'élaboration d'un référentiel de valeurs visant à éclairer les interventions en matière de sécurité publique et mieux soutenir la réflexion des professionnels. Ces recommandations ont été déposées conjointement par l'Observatoire international sur les impacts sociétaux de l'IA et du numérique (OBVIA) et la Chaire de recherche sur l’IA responsable à l’échelle mondiale auprès du Commissariat à la protection de la vie privée du Canada et de la Commission d'accès à l'information du Québec.
La résilience du système de santé publique face à la COVID-19 : développement des systèmes informationnels par les directions régionales de santé publique au Québec
Authors: Manrique Gabriela , Baril Geneviève , Préval Johanne , Therrien Marie-Christine , Normandin Julie-Maude , Veillette Sandrine
Published: July 2024

Dans le cadre des travaux sur les effets des systèmes d’intelligence artificielle et des outils numériques déployés pour lutter contre la propagation de la COVID-19 sur les sociétés et soutenus par les Fonds de recherche du Québec (FRQ), la professeure Marie-Christine Therrien et son équipe publient le rapport «Résilience du système de santé publique face à la COVID-19: développement des systèmes informationnels par les directions régionales de santé publique au Québec» présentant les résultats d’une analyse sur la construction des systèmes informationnels du réseau de la santé publique au Québec afin d’augmenter la capacité du système à faire face à la pandémie de COVID-19. L’objectif de ce projet de recherche consiste à comprendre la complexité du système informationnel de la santé publique ainsi que d’identifier les facteurs technologiques et organisationnels qui limitent et facilitent la résilience du système. Ce rapport de recherche a été préparé par Cité-ID Living Lab Gouvernance de la résilience urbaine de l’École nationale d’administration publique (ENAP) et la fonction Délibération de l’Observatoire international sur les impacts sociétaux de l’intelligence artificielle et du numérique (OBVIA) dans le cadre des travaux sur les effets des systèmes d’intelligence artificielle et des outils numériques déployés pour lutter contre la propagation de la COVID-19 sur les sociétés et soutenus par les Fonds de recherche du Québec (FRQ).
Exploring Uncharted Waters: A Unique Case of Accidental Rectal penetration of Health Faucet
Authors: Sherpa Dickey Lamu , Sil Somdev , Maitra Sanjay , De Utpal
Published: July 2024

Rectal foreign bodies require careful diagnosis amid patient embarrassment. Timely assessment is crucial to manage complications. Removal methods vary, including trans-anal, endoscopic, or surgical approaches. Our case highlights successful trans-anal extraction of health faucet from rectum, emphasizing the need for sensitive and efficient management.
A Comparative Study Between Open Hemorrhoidectomy and Rubber Band Ligation for Second Degree Hemorrhoids: A Prospective Randomized Control Study
Authors: Ray G. , Selvakumaran S. , Baliga Kapil , E Rakesh Raj , K Jawahar
Published: July 2024

Background: The symptoms of hemorrhoids has a wide spectrum that ranges from bleeding per rectum, itching, prolapse of the hemorrhoidal cushions, thrombosis leading to pain and discomfort, incontinence especially of fluids and mucous discharge. But for surgical management, hemorrhoidectomy is more sustainable in symptom control and has been considered as gold standard. Rubber band ligation has been the most popular amongst non-surgical interventions because of its effectiveness, minimal complication rate and shorter recover period compared to operative procedures. The present study aimed at determining the efficacy and safety of rubber banding ligation procedure versus the standard hemorrhoidectomy for second degree hemorrhoids. Methods: A prospective randomised comparative study was conducted at Department of Surgery, Indira Gandhi Medical College Hospital, Puducherry for 18 months after getting institutional ethical committee clearance. A total no. of 74 cases of 2nd degree hemorrhoids were divided into two groups A (open hemorrhoidectomy) and B (banding) by simple randomization technique of 37 each. A detailed history & examination including per rectal and Proctoscopy examination was done of each patient and the data entered in the pro forma. The description of data was expressed in the form of mean±SD for quantitative data, while frequency and proportion for qualitative data. Results: Totally male patients represented 57% compared to female with 43% 78% of the patients who underwent banding did not have any immediate post-operative complications while only 4 persons reported pain and bleeding post-operatively compared to 12 patients reporting bleeding and 11 patients reporting pain after hemorrhoidectomy. The duration of hospital stay post procedures was found to be lesser in banding group compared to hemorrhoidectomy group with p value being statistically highly significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Rubber band ligation is very simple, safe, effective outpatient procedure that can be performed for grade II hemorrhoids. It generally requires fewer expertise and instruments. It is found to improve the symptoms of the patients and making them sustain a good quality of life since it has minimal complications.
THE ANALYSIS STUDY OF EFFECTIVENESS OF VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION IN ATOPIC DERMATITIS: A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Novsa Reika Ravenski , Andina
Published: July 2024

Background: Atopic dermatitis is a prevalent skin condition with a 10 lifetime prevalence, affecting 15-20 of children and 1-3 of adults globally. Atopic dermatitis is often multimorbid and more prone to allergic disorders. Vitamin D (VD) deficiency has been linked to an increase in allergy disorders and atopic dermatitis worldwide, suggesting that VD supplementation may play a role in the improvement of atopic dermatitis.
The aim: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in atopic dermatitis.
Methods: By comparing itself to the standards set by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020, this study was able to show that it met all of the requirements. So, the experts were able to make sure that the study was as up-to-date as it was possible to be. For this search approach, publications that came out between 2014 and 2024 were taken into account. Several different online reference sources, like Pubmed, SAGEPUB, and ScienceDirect, were used to do this. It was decided not to take into account review pieces, works that had already been published, or works that were only half done.
Results: In the PubMed database, the results of our search brought up 60 articles, whereas the results of our search on SAGEPUB brought up 2017 articles, and our search on ScienceDirect brought up 2023 articles. In the end, we compiled 6 papers, 4 of which came from PubMed, one of which came from ScienceDirect, and one of which came from SagePub. We included six research that met the criteria.
Conclusion: In conclusion, administration of vitamin D supplement can improve atopic dermatitis. It is more advisable to give it for 3 months.
A Survey of Polynomial Multiplications for Lattice-Based Cryptosystems
Authors: Hwang Vincent
Published: July 2024

We survey various mathematical tools used in software works multiplying polynomials in

ℤ
q

[
x
]

⟨

x
n

−
α
x
−
β

⟩

.

In particular, we survey implementation works targeting polynomial multiplications in lattice-based cryptosystems Dilithium, Kyber, NTRU, NTRU Prime, and Saber with instruction set architectures/extensions Armv7-M, Armv7E-M, Armv8-A, and AVX2.

There are three emphases in this paper: (i) modular arithmetic, (ii) homomorphisms, and (iii) vectorization. For modular arithmetic, we survey Montgomery, Barrett, and Plantard multiplications. For homomorphisms, we survey (a) various homomorphisms such as Cooley–Tukey FFT, Good–Thomas FFT, Bruun's FFT, Rader's FFT, Karatsuba, and Toom–Cook; (b) various algebraic techniques for adjoining nice properties to the coefficient rings, including localization, Schönhage's FFT, Nussbaumer's FFT, and coefficient ring switching; and (c) various algebraic techniques related to the polynomial moduli, including twisting, composed multiplication, evaluation at

∞

, truncation, incomplete transformation, striding, and Toeplitz matrix-vector product. For vectorization, we survey the relations between homomorphisms and vector arithmetic.

We then go through several case studies: We compare the implementations of modular multiplications used in Dilithium and Kyber, explain how the matrix-to-vector structure was exploited in Saber, and review the design choices of transformations for NTRU and NTRU Prime with vectorization. Finally, we outline several interesting implementation projects.
Ad Hoc Broadcast, Trace, and Revoke
Authors: Luo Ji
Published: July 2024

Traitor tracing schemes [Chor–Fiat–Naor, Crypto ’94] help content distributors fight against piracy and are defined with the content distributor as a trusted authority having access to the secret keys of all users. While the traditional model caters well to its original motivation, its centralized nature makes it unsuitable for many scenarios. For usage among mutually untrusted parties, a notion of *ad hoc* traitor tracing (naturally with the capability of broadcast and revocation) is proposed and studied in this work. Such a scheme allows users in the system to generate their own public/secret key pairs, without trusting any other entity. To encrypt, a list of public keys is used to identify the set of recipients, and decryption is possible with a secret key for any of the public keys in the list. In addition, there is a tracing algorithm that given a list of recipients’ public keys and a pirate decoder capable of decrypting ciphertexts encrypted to them, identifies at least one recipient whose secret key must have been used to construct the said decoder.

Two constructions are presented. The first is based on functional encryption for circuits (conceptually, obfuscation) and has constant-size ciphertext, yet its decryption time is linear in the number of recipients. The second is a generic transformation that reduces decryption time at the cost of increased ciphertext size. A matching lower bound on the trade-off between ciphertext size and decryption time is shown, indicating that the two constructions achieve all possible optimal trade-offs, i.e., they fully demonstrate the Pareto front of efficiency. The lower bound also applies to broadcast encryption (hence all mildly expressive attribute-based encryption schemes) and is of independent interest.
Twinkle: A family of Low-latency Schemes for Authenticated Encryption and Pointer Authentication
Authors: Wang Jianhua , Huang Tao , Wu Shuang , Liu Zilong
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we aim to explore the design of low-latency authenticated encryption schemes particularly for memory encryption, with a focus on the temporal uniqueness property. To achieve this, we present the low-latency Pseudo-Random Function (PRF) called Twinkle with an output up to 1152 bits. Leveraging only one block of Twinkle, we developed Twinkle-AE, a specialized authenticated encryption scheme with six variants covering different cache line sizes and security requirements. We also propose Twinkle-PA, a pointer authentication algorithm, which takes a 64-bit pointer and 64-bit context as input and outputs a tag of 1 to 32 bits.

We conducted thorough security evaluations of both the PRFs and these schemes, examining their robustness against various common attacks. The results of our cryptanalysis indicate that these designs successfully achieve their targeted security objectives.

Hardware implementations using the FreePDK45nm library show that Twinkle-AE achieves an encryption and authentication latency of 3.83 ns for a cache line. In comparison, AES-CTR with WC-MAC scheme and Ascon-128a achieve latencies of 9.78 ns and 27.30 ns, respectively. Moreover, Twinkle-AE is also most area-effective for the 1024-bit cache line. For the pointer authentication scheme Twinkle-PA, the latency is 2.04 ns, while QARMA-64-sigma0 has a latency of 5.57 ns.
A Long Tweak Goes a Long Way: High Multi-user Security Authenticated Encryption from Tweakable Block Ciphers
Authors: Cogliati Benoît , Jean Jérémy , Peyrin Thomas , Seurin Yannick
Published: July 2024

We analyze the multi-user (mu) security of a family of nonce-based authentication encryption (nAE) schemes based on a tweakable block cipher (TBC). The starting point of our work is an analysis of the mu security of the SCT-II mode which underlies the nAE scheme Deoxys-II, winner of the CAESAR competition for the defense-in-depth category. We extend this analysis in two directions, as we detail now.

First, we investigate the mu security of several TBC-based variants of the counter encryption mode (including CTRT, the encryption mode used within SCT-II) that differ by the way a nonce, a random value, and a counter are combined as tweak and plaintext inputs to the TBC to produce the keystream blocks that will mask the plaintext blocks. Then, we consider the authentication part of SCT-II and study the mu security of the nonce-based MAC Nonce-as-Tweak (NaT) built from a TBC and an almost universal (AU) hash function. We also observe that the standard construction of an AU hash function from a (T)BC can be proven secure under the assumption that the underlying TBC is unpredictable rather than pseudorandom, allowing much better conjectures on the concrete AU advantage. This allows us to derive the mu security of the family of nAE modes obtained by combining these encryption/MAC building blocks through the NSIV composition method.

Some of these modes require an underlying TBC with a larger tweak length than what is usually available for existing ones. We then show the practicality of our modes by instantiating them with two new TBC constructions, Deoxys-TBC-512 and Deoxys-TBC-640, which can be seen as natural extensions of the Deoxys-TBC family to larger tweak input sizes. Designing such TBCs with unusually large tweaks is prone to pitfalls: Indeed, we show that a large-tweak proposal for SKINNY published at EUROCRYPT 2020 presents an inherent construction flaw. We therefore provide a sound design strategy to construct large-tweak TBCs within the Superposition Tweakey (STK) framework, leading to new Deoxys-TBC and SKINNY variants. We provide software benchmarks indicating that while ensuring a very high security level, the performances of our proposals remain very competitive.
Public-Key Authenticated Encryption with Keyword Search Made Easy
Authors: Li Qinyi , Boyen Xavier
Published: July 2024

Public-key searchable encryption allows keyword-associated tokens to be used to test if a ciphertext contains specific keywords. Due to the low entropies of keywords, the token holder can create ciphertexts from candidate keywords and test them using the token in hand to recover the keywords, known as inside keyword guessing attacks (IKGA). Public-key authenticated encryption with keyword search is a searchable encryption proposed to defend against such attacks. It ensures the sender's private key protects the ciphertexts from the IKGA. PAEKS schemes with reasonable security and practical efficiency remain elusive despite many proposals. This work provides a simple generic PAEKS scheme from non-interactive key exchange (NIKE) and symmetric-key equality-predicate encryption with three new constructions for the latter, respectively from pseudorandom functions (PRFs), the decision bilinear Diffie-Hellman assumption, and the learning-with-errors assumption. Instantiating our generic scheme, we derive several PAEKS schemes from the most well-known assumptions, with some of them achieving full cipher-keyword indistinguishability and full token indistinguishability in the standard model, for the first time. Our instantiated schemes allow practical implementations and outperform the existing PAEKS schemes under the same assumptions.
Optimizing and Implementing Fischlin's Transform for UC-Secure Zero Knowledge
Authors: Chen Yi-Hsiu , Lindell Yehuda
Published: July 2024

Fischlin's transform (CRYPTO 2005) is an alternative to the Fiat-Shamir transform that enables straight-line extraction when proving knowledge. In this work we focus on the problem of using the Fischlin transform to construct UC-secure zero-knowledge from Sigma protocols, since UC security – that guarantees security under general concurrent composition – requires straight-line (non-rewinding) simulators. We provide a slightly simplified transform that is much easier to understand, and present algorithmic and implementation optimizations that significantly improve the running time. It appears that the main obstacles to the use of Fischlin in practice is its computational cost and implementation complexity (with multiple parameters that need to be chosen). We provide clear guidelines and a simple methodology for choosing parameters, and show that with our optimizations the running-time is far lower than expected. For just one example, on a 2023 MacBook, the cost of proving the knowledge of discrete log with Fischlin is only 0.41ms (on a single core). This is 15 times slower than plain Fiat-Shamir on the same machine, which is a significant multiple but objectively not significant in many applications. We also extend the transform so that it can be applied to batch proofs, and show how this can be much more efficient than individually proving each statement. We hope that this paper will both encourage and help practitioners implement the Fischlin transform where relevant.
Efficient isochronous fixed-weight sampling with applications to NTRU
Authors: Filho Décio , Silva Tomás , López Julio
Published: July 2024

We present a solution to the open problem of designing a linear-time, unbiased and timing attack-resistant shuffling algorithm for fixed-weight sampling. Although it can be implemented without timing leakages of secret data in any architecture, we illustrate with ARMv7-M and ARMv8-A implementations; for the latter, we take advantage of architectural features such as NEON and conditional instructions, which are representative of features available on architectures targeting similar systems, such as Intel. Our proposed algorithm improves asymptotically upon the current approach based on constant-time sorting networks (

O
(
n
)

versus

O
(
n

log
2

n
)

), and an implementation of the new algorithm applied to NTRU is also faster in practice, by a factor of up to

6.91
 
(
591
%
)

on ARMv8-A cores and

12.89
 
(
1189
%
)

on the Cortex-M4; it also requires fewer uniform random bits. This translates into performance improvements for NTRU encapsulation, compared to state-of-the-art implementations, of up to 50% on ARMv8-A cores and 72% on the Cortex-M4, and small improvements to key generation (up to 2.7% on ARMv8-A cores and 6.1% on the Cortex-M4), with negligible impact on code size and a slight improvement in RAM usage for the Cortex-M4.
Communication-Efficient Multi-Party Computation for RMS Programs
Authors: Attema Thomas , van Baarsen Aron , van den Berg Stefan , Capitão Pedro , Dunning Vincent , Kohl Lisa
Published: July 2024

Despite much progress, general-purpose secure multi-party computation (MPC) with active security may still be prohibitively expensive in settings with large input datasets. This particularly applies to the secure evaluation of graph algorithms, where each party holds a subset of a large graph. Recently, Araki et al. (ACM CCS '21) showed that dedicated solutions may provide significantly better efficiency if the input graph is sparse. In particular, they provide an efficient protocol for the secure evaluation of “message passing” algorithms, such as the PageRank algorithm. Their protocol's computation and communication complexity are both

O

~

(
M
·
B
)

instead of the

O
(

M
2

)

complexity achieved by general-purpose MPC protocols, where

M

denotes the number of nodes and

B

the (average) number of incoming edges per node. On the downside, their approach achieves only a relatively weak security notion;

1

-out-of-

3

malicious security with selective abort.

In this work, we show that PageRank can instead be captured efficiently as a restricted multiplication straight-line (RMS) program, and present a new actively secure MPC protocol tailored to handle RMS programs. In particular, we show that the local knowledge of the participants can be leveraged towards the first maliciously-secure protocol with communication complexity linear in

M

, independently of the sparsity of the graph. We present two variants of our protocol. In our communication-optimized protocol, going from semi-honest to malicious security only introduces a small communication overhead, but results in quadratic computation complexity 

O
(

M
2

)

. In our balanced protocol, we still achieve a linear communication complexity 

O
(
M
)

, although with worse constants, but a significantly better computational complexity scaling with 

O
(
M
·
B
)

. Additionally, our protocols achieve security with identifiable abort and can tolerate up to

n
−
1

corruptions.
Simple Watermarking Pseudorandom Functions from Extractable Pseudorandom Generators
Authors: Bock Estuardo , Brzuska Chris , Lai Russell
Published: July 2024

Watermarking pseudorandom functions (PRF) allow an authority to embed an unforgeable and unremovable watermark into a PRF while preserving its functionality. In this work, we extend the work of Kim and Wu [Crypto'19] who gave a simple two-step construction of watermarking PRFs from a class of extractable PRFs satisfying several other properties – first construct a mark-embedding scheme, and then upgrade it to a message-embedding scheme.

While the message-embedding scheme of Kim and Wu is based on complex homomorphic evaluation techniques, we observe that much simpler constructions can be obtained and from a wider range of assumptions, if we forego the strong requirement of security against the watermarking authority. Concretely, we introduce a new notion called extractable PRGs (xPRGs), from which extractable PRFs (without security against authorities) suitable for the Kim-Wu transformations can be simply obtained via the Goldreich-Goldwasser-Micali (GGM) construction. We provide simple constructions of xPRGs from a wide range of assumptions such as hardness of computational Diffie-Hellman (CDH) in the random oracle model, as well as LWE and RSA in the standard model.
Inspector Gadget
Authors: Mutschler Camille , Imbert Laurent , Roche Thomas
Published: July 2024

We introduce InspectorGadget, an Open-Source Python-based software for assessing and comparing the complexity of masking gadgets. By providing a limited set of characteristics of a hardware platform, our tool allows to estimate the cost of a masking gadget in terms of cycle count equivalent and memory footprint. InspectorGadget is highly flexible. It enables the user to define her own estimation functions, as well as to expand the set of gadgets and predefined microcontrollers. As a case-study, we produce a fair comparison of several masked versions of Kyber compression function from the literature, together with novel alternatives automatically generated by our tool. Our results confirm that an interesting middle ground exists between theoretical performance measures (asymptotic complexity or operations count) and real implementations benchmarks (clock cycle accurate evaluations). InspectorGadget offers both simplicity and genericity while capturing the main performance-related parameters of a hardware platform.
Quantum-Resistance Meets White-Box Cryptography: How to Implement Hash-Based Signatures against White-Box Attackers?
Authors: Bicakci Kemal , Ulker Kemal , Uzunay Yusuf , Şahin Halis , Gündoğan Muhammed
Published: July 2024

The adversary model of white-box cryptography includes an extreme case where the adversary, sitting at the endpoint, has full access to a cryptographic scheme. Motivating by the fact that most existing white-box implementations focus on symmetric encryption, we present implementations for hash-based signatures so that the security against white-box attackers (who have read-only access to data with a size bounded by a space-hardness parameter M) depends on the availability of a white-box secure cipher (in addition to a general one-way function). We also introduce parameters and key-generation complexity results for white-box secure instantiation of stateless hash-based signature scheme SPHINCS+, one of the NIST selections for quantum-resistant digital signature algorithms, and its older version SPHINCS. We also present a hash tree-based solution for one-time passwords secure in a white-box attacker context. We implement the proposed solutions and share our performance results.
A Central Limit Approach for Ring-LWE Noise Analysis
Authors: Murphy Sean , Player Rachel
Published: July 2024

This paper develops Central Limit arguments for analysing the noise in ciphertexts in two homomorphic encryption schemes that are based on Ring-LWE. The first main contribution of this paper is to present and evaluate an average-case noise analysis for the BGV scheme. Our approach relies on the recent work of Costache et al.(SAC 2023) that gives the approximation of a polynomial product as a multivariate Normal distribution. We show how this result can be applied in the BGV context and evaluate its efficacy. We find this average-case approach can much more closely model the noise growth in BGV implementations than prior approaches, but in some cases it can also underestimate the practical noise growth. Our second main contribution is to develop a Central Limit framework to analyse the noise growth in the homomorphic Ring-LWE cryptosystem of Lyubashevsky, Peikert and Regev (Eurocrypt 2013, full version). Our approach is very general: apart from finite variance, no assumption on the distribution of the noise is required (in particular, the noise need not be subgaussian). We show that our approach leads to tighter bounds for the probability of decryption failure than those of prior work.
Singles
Authors: Sebastián Morillas Ana Belén , Martín Soldana Irene
Published: July 2024

Los tiempos han cambiado y se vive una auténtica revolución demográfica y tecnológica, dónde el soltero, también denominado single, además de ser sinónimo de libre, feliz y rico, muestra un alto consumo de Internet y redes sociales. En España, se han convertido en una comunidad con un comportamiento de consumo relevante para las empresas debido al crecimiento que está experimentando este grupo social. Analizar las estrategias de comunicación y marketing, en concreto, aquellas relacionadas con la compra online y el consumo de redes sociales es clave para que las marcas puedan conectar con este target y ofrecerles lo que necesitan.
Arte, Creatividad y Redes Sociales
Authors: Elías-Zambrano Rodrigo , Cabezuelo-Lorenzo Francisco
Published: July 2024

Este trabajo analiza la presencia de la vida y obra del genial artista español Salvador Dalí en redes sociales, con especial atención a la más visual de todas ellas: Instagram. Hace hincapié en el estudio del perfil del genial autor catalán como ejemplo para la inspiración y la creatividad en la actual sociedad digital. Este trabajo intenta identificar qué perfiles y que contenidos se han creado en redes sobre el artista catalán, con especial atención a los contenidos educativos, institucionales y creativos, sobre todo, de tipo científico, académico y divulgativo, especialmente si se trata de reinterpretaciones de su obra por nuevos artistas contemporáneos.