bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid recovery of work hardening in stainless steel via high-density pulsed electric current: Impact of athermal effect
Authors: Gu Shaojie , Liu Chang , Cui Yi , Yan Xinming , Kimura Yasuhiro , Morita Yasuyuki , Toku Yuhki , Ju Yang
Published: February 2025

Efficient and rapid annealing treatments are critical for the sustainable forming and manufacturing of metallic materials, as well as for energy conservation and emission reduction in the manufacturing industry. We investigate the impact of high-density pulsed electric current (HDPEC) treatment on the recovery of work hardening in pre-strained SUS316 stainless steel and clarify the role of the athermal effect. The pre-strained samples exhibited significant work hardening, characterised by increased strength and hardness. After HDPEC treatment, the work hardening was fully mitigated, primarily due to the fast dislocation annihilation and grain refinement induced by the HDPEC treatment. Additionally, equivalent and rapid heating samples were performed to distinguish the contributions of thermal and athermal effects to the recovery of work hardening. The results showed that higher current densities were more effective in alleviating work hardening, and under high current density conditions, the effect of athermal was greater than the thermal-related effect.
Prediction for Sensor-less Locations Using Multi-View Graph Fusion Approach with Approximation Module: A Case Study on Dengue Fever Risk Sensor
Authors: Li Pei-Xuan , Hsieh Hsun-Ping
Published: February 2025

Dengue fever is an emergency disease spread by mosquitoes. The most direct way to prevent the disease is to predict risky areas and bolster mosquito preventive strategies. Risk is usually evaluated by monitoring the number of eggs in the ovitraps set up by the government. However, areas without sensors still need to be checked and managed for dengue risk. In this study, we focus on forecasting each region’s fine-grained dengue fever risk, especially in regions without sensor coverage. The paucity of historical data makes this endeavor challenging. Furthermore, determining how to effectively blend different features is another important research challenge and practical issue. We propose a
M
ulti-
V
iew
G
raph Fusion Approach with
A
pproximation
M
odule (MVGAM) to address these two issues. For the regions that have no sensor coverage, MVGAM first uses a feature extractor to learn their representation based on their dynamic and static features. Then we use a graph constructor to formulate the relationship between sensors from different perspectives, and a multi-view graph fusion module to learn the embedding of sensors. Finally, we use an approximation module to deal with the lack of historical data. We conducted experiments using a real-world dataset from the urban area of Tainan, Taiwan. The results show that the proposed MVGAM outperforms the state-of-the-art methods and baselines. The ablation study also shows that every component in MVGAM has a significant impact on boosting the prediction effectiveness.
Generative AI in Fashion: Overview
Authors: Shi Wenda , Wong Waikeung , Zou Xingxing
Published: February 2025

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has recently gained immense popularity by offering various applications for generating high-quality and aesthetically pleasing content of image, 3D, and video data format. The innovative GenAI solutions have shifted paradigms across various design-related industries, particularly fashion. In this paper, we explore the incorporation of GenAI into fashion-related tasks and applications. Our examination encompasses a thorough review of more than 470 research papers and an in-depth analysis of over 300 applications, focusing on their contributions to the field. These contributions are identified as 13 tasks within four categories: multi-modal fashion understanding, and fashion synthesis of image, 3D, and dynamic (video and animatable 3D) formats We delve into these methods, recognizing their potential to propel future endeavours toward achieving state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive overview of 53 publicly available datasets suitable for training and benchmarking fashion-centric models, accompanied by the relevant evaluation metrics. Finally, we review real-world applications, unveiling existing challenges and future directions. With comprehensive investigation and in-depth analysis, this paper is targeted to serve as a useful resource for understanding the current landscape of GenAI in fashion, paving the way for future innovations in this dynamic field. Papers discussed in this paper, along with public code and datasets links are available at:
https://github.com/wendashi/Cool-GenAI-Fashion-Papers/
.
Six Steps to Improving Health Equity Using Quality Improvement and Patient Safety Tools
Authors: Narayan Anand K. , Foster Nia , Kadom Nadja , Scott Jinel A. , Flores Efren J. , Broder Jennifer C. , Yong-Hing Charlotte J. , Daye Dania , Kagetsu Nolan J. , Burstin Helen
Published: February 2025

Quality improvement and patient safety tools represent powerful data-driven mechanisms to accelerate health equity initiatives.
Disparities in Standard-of-Care, Advanced, and Same-Day Diagnostic Services among Patients with Abnormal Screening Mammography
Authors: Lawson Marissa B. , Zhu Weiwei , Miglioretti Diana L. , Onega Tracy , Henderson Louise M. , Rauscher Garth H. , Kerlikowske Karla , Sprague Brian L. , Bowles Erin J. A. , O’Meara Ellen S. , Tosteson Anna N. A. , diFlorio-Alexander Roberta M. , Hubbard Rebecca A. , Lee Janie M. , Lee Christoph I.
Published: February 2025

Despite similar on-site availability, differences existed in the distribution of some standard-of-care, advanced, and same-day diagnostic services and biopsies for Black and White patients after undergoing screening mammography.
Top 10 Tips for Writing about AI in Radiology: A Brief Guide for Authors
Authors: Atzen Sarah L.
Published: February 2025

A cardiac MRI model incorporating the ischemic late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) parameters of extent, transmurality, location, and midwall LGE significantly outperformed traditional risk factors in predicting all-cause mortality in participants with ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Enhanced Oxygen Electrocatalysis: Investigating LiCoO2 with Fluorine Substitution for Improved Oxygen Evolution and Reduction
Authors: Hashemzadeh Seyedeh Maryam
Published: February 2025

This study focused on improvement of bifunctional electrocatalytic for oxygen evolution and reduction reaction. Herein, by minor substitution of fluorin instead of oxygen, the electronic structure of cobalt was adjusted and the kinetics of the oxygen electrocatalysis were accelerated. LiCoO2 was synthesized by sol-gel method and fluorine in x = 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, 0.45 ratios were added to Lithium Cobalt oxide (LiCoO2−XFX). The structure and crystalline nature of the synthesized samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Microstructural and morphological investigations using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were also conducted to further confirm the correctness of the syntheses. The potential gap between ORR potential at −30 A m−2 and OER potential at 100 A m−2 of LiCoO1.65 F0.35 catalyst (0.941 V) is substantially lower than that for prior LiCoO2 catalyst (1.2 V), indicating bifunctional activity.
Closing the Hydrogen and Oxygen Mass Balance for PEM Water Electrolysis
Authors: Freiberg Anna Teresa Sophie , Thiele Simon
Published: February 2025

In this study we show the possibility to close the hydrogen and oxygen mass balance for proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis cells at lab scale at 80°C. By a combined analysis of the cathode and anode exhaust with respect to the absolute hydrogen and oxygen gas fluxes detected, we can quantify the true Faradaic efficiency of the system with respect to hydrogen production. While both exhausts, anode and cathode, contain an apparent hydrogen flux, there is a certain missing hydrogen share not leaving the cell, corresponding to roughly 2% at ambient pressure operation. This missing hydrogen flux shows a 2:1 correlation with the missing oxygen flux determined from the oxygen mass balance, proving that the inefficiency stems from a cell internal process. We observe a linear correlation of missing hydrogen flux with current density for different operating pressure cases, hinting toward an oxygen crossover based hydrogen loss at the cathode. The effect of the true Faradaic efficiency on the overall production efficiency of the single cells at atmospheric pressure as well as differential and balanced elevated pressure of 10 bara is shown, revealing a very limited operation window for efficient hydrogen production.
Effect of Ammonium and Sodium Fluoride Etchants on the Synthesis of Double Transition Metal (Mo2TiC2Tx) MXene
Authors: Bibi Faiza , Siok Ee Lam , Khalid Mohammad , Numan Arshid
Published: February 2025

Recent advancements in MXene research have extended beyond mono-metal compositions to the more complex double transition metal (DTM) MXenes, which exhibit remarkable structural versatility. However, etching DTM MAX phases to produce these MXenes remains a challenging process. Although lithium fluoride (LiF) combined with hydrochloric acid (HCl) has been the standard approach for this purpose, alternative fluoride salts have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, Mo2TiC2Tx MXene was successfully extracted from Mo2TiAlC2 MAX phase using a conventional hydrothermal method to etch aluminum (Al). Two non-LiF etchant solutions, ammonium fluoride (NH4F) combined with HCl, and sodium fluoride (NaF) combined with HCl, were tested to extract Mo2TiC2Tx MXene, their Al-etching efficiencies were also compared. The impact of varying reaction times (72, 48, 24, and 12 h) on the Al-etching process was also examined at a constant temperature. Results showed that the NH4F and HCl mixture removed Al in a shorter period of 24 h at 180 °C. Additionally, this combination achieved the highest Al removal efficiency, producing a stacked lamellar MXene structure with relatively wider galleries compared to the other samples.
Study of Optical, Thermal, Electrical, and Impedance Properties of Li4Ti5O12-Based PEO/SA Biopolymer Blend Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Hanash F. E. , Alenizi Maha A. , Alzahrani Eman , Asnag G. M. , Mater E. H. , Alsabah Yousef A. , Al-Muntaser A. A. , Yassin A. Y.
Published: February 2025

Nanocomposites composed of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and sodium alginate (SA), containing varying contents of lithium titanium oxide nanoparticles (Li4Ti5O12NPs), were synthesized by solution casting technique. Li4Ti5O12 was incorporated into PEO/SA blend and is a valuable biopolymer for its biocompatibility, solubility and eco-friendliness. Structural analysis via X-ray diffraction spectroscopy revealed a decrease in the crystallinity of PEO/SA matrix with increasing nanoparticle content. Complementary Fourier transform infrared analysis verified the presence of strong molecular interactions between Li4Ti5O12 and the blend chains. Scanning electron microscopy verified a uniform dispersion of Li4Ti5O12 within PEO/SA blend, contributing to the improved properties of the electrolytes, while optical analysis showed a decrease in the bandgap energy, indicating enhanced light absorption and improved suitability for applications in nanodielectric devices. The thermal stability of PEO/SA/Li4Ti5O12 electrolyte samples was improved as shown by thermogravimetric analysis. Furthermore, a significant improvement in the ionic conductivity of the filled samples was observed, attributed to the reduced bulk resistance and improved charge transport pathways. Dielectric studies further showed improved dielectric permittivity and reduced dielectric losses for filled samples, enhancing the material’s charge storage capability. These findings highlight the potential of PEO/SA/Li4Ti5O12 biopolymer electrolytes for advanced applications in nanodielectric devices and lithium-ions batteries.
Introducing and Validating DramaZoom as a Teaching Tool for Diverse Student Populations
Authors: Carvalho Helena , Halpin Patricia A. , Scholz-Morris Elke , de Carvalho Rosa , Contaifer Daniel
Published: February 2025

Dramatization, a teaching method where each student acts out or mimics a cell or body parts, while the entire group represents the physiological process1-4 was adapted to produce original teaching videos paired with a pre-test that activates memory, and a post-test to prevent misconceptions. Three physiology instructors collaborated on Zoom to create six DramaZoom videos (Dramatization via Zoom) focused on hormone signaling with negative feedback in different contexts. In these DramaZoom videos, each instructor personalizes a different part of an organ system or a physiological process which allows the visualization of complex concepts in endocrinology. DramaZoom videos utilize theater, personification, and humor to represent physiological processes in a fun and creative way that facilitates students to learn and remember the content. Our goal was to introduce DramaZoom videos as an original teaching tool, and present evidence of its efficacy on student learning. We analyzed the impact of DramaZoom videos on students' knowledge acquisition at three distinct levels (1st-year Medical Students, 3rd-4th year Undergraduate Science Students, and 1st-year Undergraduate Nursing students) and investigated whether the mode of delivery of the DramaZoom videos (face-to-face during regular classroom teaching, or asynchronous in a virtual classroom) affected student learning. Our data show that knowledge in all three student groups improved significantly after viewing DramaZoom videos independently of the mode of delivery. In conclusion, our data indicates that DramaZoom videos combined with memory activation due to the pre-test are an effective tool to instruct this cohort of students regardless of the level and delivery mode.
An ovary-intact postmenopausal HFpEF mouse model; menopause is more than just estrogen deficiency.
Authors: Methawasin Mei , Strom Joshua , Marino Vito A. , Gohlke Jochen , Muldoon Julia , Herrick Shelby R , van der Pijl Robbert , Konhilas John P. , Granzier Henk
Published: February 2025

The incidence of HFpEF in women significantly increases following menopause. This trend cannot solely be attributed to chronological aging, as evidenced by the more gradual increase in prevalence among men, suggesting that menopause is a provocative event for HFpEF. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive and challenging to investigate in human subjects; moreover, an attempt to create HFpEF in ovariectomized (OVX) mice was unsuccessful. In this study, we created an animal model that resembles HFpEF in women undergoing natural menopause. Methods: We used 4-vinylcyclohexene dioxide (VCD) to induce “ovary-intact” menopause, combined with the 2hit regimen (HFpEF inducing regimen) to model postmenopausal HFpEF. Results: The female-VCD-2hit mice demonstrate diastolic dysfunction. At the LV levels, the increased stiffness coefficient of end-diastolic pressure-volume relation (EDPVR), elevated LV end-diastolic pressure, and increased relaxation time constant indicate a heightened LV stiffness, delayed relaxation, and elevated LV filling pressure. At the cardiomyocyte level, the female-VCD-2hit mice exhibit increased cellular diastolic stiffness and delayed relaxation, suggesting that the observed LV dysfunction is derived from the cardiomyocytes. Additionally, plasma NT-pro-BNP levels were elevated, while Xbp1s transcript levels were reduced, further supporting the existence of HFpEF. Plasma-free testosterone was increased in VCD mice compared to pre-menopausal and OVX models. Further studies are required to determine whether the relative increase in testosterone is the factor driving HFpEF susceptibility in VCD mice. Conclusion: Ovary-intact postmenopausal status makes female mice vulnerable to HFpEF development. The VCD-2hit model develops a robust HFpEF-like phenotype and is suitable for studying female HFpEF.
Hierarchical emergence of opponent coding in auditory belt cortex
Authors: Johnson Jeffrey S. , Niwa Mamiko , O'Connor Kevin N. , Malone Brian J. , Sutter Mitchell L.
Published: February 2025

We recorded from neurons in primary auditory cortex (A1) and middle-lateral belt area (ML) while rhesus macaques either discriminated amplitude-modulated noise (AM) from unmodulated noise or passively heard the same stimuli. We used several post-hoc pooling models to investigate the ability of auditory cortex to leverage population coding for AM detection. We find that pooled-response AM detection is better in the active condition than the passive condition, and better using rate-based coding than synchrony-based coding. Neurons can be segregated into two classes based on whether they increase (INC) or decrease (DEC) their firing rate in response to increasing modulation depth. In these samples, A1 had relatively fewer DEC neurons (26%) than ML (45%). When responses were pooled without segregating these classes, AM detection using rate-based coding was much better in A1 than in ML, but when pooling only INC neurons, AM detection in ML approached that found in A1. Pooling only DEC neurons resulted in impaired AM detection in both areas. To investigate the role of DEC neurons, we devised two pooling methods that opposed DEC and INC neurons: a direct subtractive method and a two-pool push-pull opponent method. Only the push-pull opponent method resulted in superior AM detection relative to indiscriminate pooling. In the active condition, the opponent method was superior to pooling only INC neurons during the late portion of the response in ML. These results suggest that the increasing prevalence of the DEC response type in ML can be leveraged by appropriate methods to improve AM detection.
Derivation of Shape Functions for Nine‐Node Rectangular Element Based on Steady‐State Heat Conduction
Authors: Tabatabaei Mirhosseini Ramin , Shamsi Ramin
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a novel method for deriving shape functions of a nine‐node rectangular element based on solving the steady‐state heat conduction equation. Unlike traditional methods using Lagrange polynomials, this approach utilizes a linear combination of temperature distribution (TD) coefficients to extract second‐order shape functions for a one‐dimensional (1D) quadratic element. These functions are then extended to the nine‐node rectangular element through multiplication in two orthogonal directions. This method allows for the derivation of shape functions within the local coordinate system of a quadrilateral element, without solving Laplace’s equation. To validate the performance of the nine‐node element, a thermal analysis of a square plate was conducted using simple square and triangular elements, as well as an analytical method. Sensitivity analysis for boundary conditions indicated a negligible error margin. Numerical studies further demonstrate the high accuracy of the nine‐node rectangular element in modeling various scenarios, including the numerical analysis of torsion and TD on rectangular shapes. The single nine‐node quadrilateral element (Q9) effectively models shear deformation effects, providing higher accuracy in capturing complex stress distributions compared to four‐node elements (Q4). Its ability to consider shear deformation makes it more suitable for detailed stress analysis, with the error reduced to 18%.
Profoundly Delayed Emergence due to Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Steinauer Allison , Marvin Whitney , Barnett Natalie R.
Published: February 2025

Pulmonary embolism is a rare, but serious, potential perioperative complication and crisis. We present a case of a 12‐year‐old female undergoing distal femoral and proximal tibial osteotomies with internal fixations who experienced acute onset hypercapnia, tachycardia, and prolonged minimal responsiveness following deflation of the tourniquet and cessation of inhaled sevoflurane. CT‐chest demonstrated bilateral partially occlusive filling defects of the pulmonary vasculature. We concluded that the patient experienced a pulmonary embolism resulting in V/Q mismatch, retained sevoflurane, and ultimately delayed emergence.
Successful Living Kidney Donor Transplantation: A Case Report
Authors: Wells Meredith , Melancon Keith , Young Robert , Greenwood Adam , Manley Joseph , Serrano Rodriguez Pablo
Published: February 2025

This case report describes the successful kidney donation of a 68‐year‐old female to a 56‐year‐old female recipient with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). The donor in this case presented with an extensive abdominal surgical history, which had resulted in an incidental injury to the right ureter and a subsequent nephrostomy tube placement. After establishing the low likelihood of reconstruction of the damaged ureter, she then initiated kidney donor evaluation after electing to undergo a nephrectomy. This case report highlights the meticulous evaluation and preparation of the donor under particular circumstances, the surgical techniques employed, and the positive outcomes for both the donor and the recipient.
Risk Allele rs117026326‐Mediated Alternative Splicing of GTF2I Promotes B Cell Proliferation in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: Luo Chaowen , Lian Chaofeng , Sun Jinlei , Zhao Liling , Zhang Shuo , Li Yongzhe , Chen Hua , Zhang Fengchun
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is associated with a risk allele T of rs117026326 located at a potential splicing enhancer within the intronic region of general transcription factor II‐I (GTF2I). This study aimed to explore the rs117026326‐regulated alternative splicing of GTF2I and its role in B cell overactivation in pSS.

Methods: GTF2I isoform expressions and rs117026326 genotypes of pSS peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were examined using quantitative PCR and Sanger sequencing, respectively. GTF2IΔ was overexpressed in B cells, T cells, and macrophages using plasmid transfection. Proliferation of B cells and T cells was determined using Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK8) assay. CD4+ T cell differentiation was inspected using flow cytometry. Proinflammatory cytokine production of macrophages was investigated using quantitative PCR. c‐FOS expression in GTF2IΔ‐transfected B cells was tested by quantitative PCR, and proliferation of GTF2IΔ‐transfected B cells treated with c‐FOS siRNA or c‐FOS inhibitor was interrogated using CCK8 assay.

Results: pSS patients with risk allele of rs117026326 expressed higher levels of GTF2IΔ and GTF2Iζ isoforms. GTF2IΔ expression was correlated with serum immunoglobulin G (IgG). GTF2IΔ promoted B cell proliferation and upregulated c‐FOS expression. Knocking down or inhibition of c‐FOS reversed B cell proliferation driven by GTF2IΔ.

Conclusion: pSS risk allele of rs117026326 modulates alternative splicing of GTF2I and upregulates GTF2IΔ isoform, which promotes B cell proliferation through enhancing binding and transcription of c‐FOS.
Evolutionary Game Analysis of Value Cocreation of Content E‐Commerce Platform
Authors: Wang Dewu , Han Xiao
Published: February 2025

Content e‐commerce platforms drive sales by outputting graphics, texts, and videos that guide consumers’ desire to purchase. The quality of the content presentation by content e‐commerce platforms in order to bring goods is uneven, and the content output by some platforms for bringing goods does not have good value guidance. This paper constructs a quadripartite evolutionary game model with content e‐commerce platforms, settled merchants, consumers, and regulators as the main body; discusses the strategy choices of all parties; analyzes the equilibrium point of the quadripartite value cocreation strategy; and simulates the equilibrium point. It is concluded that the quality of the output content of the content e‐commerce platform is affected by the quantity of consumer complaints. Consumer complaints have a supervisory effect on the quality of the content output by the content e‐commerce platform. The ideal influential mechanism between content e‐commerce platforms and settled merchants is to build a community of interests and help each other. Finally, it was found that under the strict supervision of regulatory agencies, content e‐commerce platforms export high‐quality content in the long term; meanwhile, merchants guarantee to provide high‐quality products, and consumers tend not to complain as the optimal combination strategy.
Prevalence of Congenital Heart Diseases in Dogs in Tehran, Iran: A Retrospective Study From 2013 to 2023
Authors: Pourghasemi Zeynab , Norouzi Nika , Safari Narges , Khakpour Hiva , Keypoori Donya , Shams Farzane , Abdous Arman , Jokar Mohammad
Published: February 2025

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a major health issue in dogs, contributing to both morbidity and mortality. This retrospective study reviews the epidemiological features and prevalence of CHD in dogs visiting veterinary facilities in Tehran, Iran, over the last 10 years. Medical records were analyzed for 4033 canines that underwent comprehensive cardiac examinations, including echocardiography, between January 2013 and October 2023. In this study, 88 cases of CHD were detected, and an overall prevalence of 2.18% was determined. A significant difference was noted between mixed‐breed dogs (8.65%) and purebred dogs (1.63%). Pulmonary stenosis (PS) is the most commonly diagnosed CHD, followed by subaortic stenosis (SAS) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). CHD prevalence correlated strongly with age and gender; in particular, females and older dogs were more likely to suffer from specific CHDs. CHD is most often diagnosed without symptoms, highlighting the importance of regular screenings and careful auscultation for early detection. Future research must focus on identifying the genetic factors that make dogs more susceptible to CHDs and developing more effective methods for diagnosing and treating these conditions in canine populations. This study does not represent the general dog population in the region or the country but provides researchers with valuable insights into the epidemiology of CHD in dogs referred to veterinary hospitals in Tehran, Iran, underlining the importance of monitoring and focused therapies to improve their health and general well‐being.
Trajectory of Cognitive Function After Incident Heart Failure
Authors: Shore Supriya , Li Hanyu , Zhang Min , Whitney Rachael T. , Gross Alden L. , Bhatt Ankeet S. , Nallamothu Brahmajee K. , Giordani Bruno , Briceño Emily M. , Sussman Jeremy B. , Gutierrez Jose , Yaffe Kristine , Griswold Michael E. , Johansen Michelle C. , Lopez Oscar L. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Sidney Stephen , Heckbert Susan R. , Rundek Tatjana , Hughes Timothy M. , Longstreth W.T. , Levine Deborah A.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

The magnitude of cognitive changes after incident heart failure (HF) is unclear. We assessed whether incident HF is associated with changes in cognition after accounting for pre-HF cognitive trajectories and known determinants of cognition.

METHODS:

This pooled cohort study included adults without HF, stroke, or dementia from 6 US population-based studies from 1971 to 2019. Linear mixed-effects models estimated cognitive change with incident HF diagnosis and the rate of cognitive change over the years after HF, controlling for pre-HF cognitive trajectories and participant factors. Outcomes included change in global cognition (primary outcome), executive function, and memory (secondary outcomes). Cognitive outcomes were standardized to a
t
score metric (mean [SD], 50 [10]); a 1-point difference represented a 0.1-SD difference in cognition.

RESULTS:

We included 29 614 adults (mean [SD] age was 61 [10] years, 55% female, 70% White). During a median follow-up of 6.6 (Q1–Q3, 5.0–19.8) years, 1407 (5%) adults received an incident diagnosis of HF. Incident HF diagnosis was associated with initial decreases in global cognition (−1.1 points [95% CI, −1.4 to −0.8]) and executive function (−0.6 points [95% CI, −1.0 to −0.3]). Larger decreases in global cognition after HF were seen with older age, female sex, and White race. Participants with incident HF diagnosis demonstrated faster and long-term declines in global cognition (−0.1 points per year [95% CI, −0.2 to −0.1]) and executive function (−0.2 points per year [95% CI, −0.2 to −0.1]). The change in memory with incident HF diagnosis was not statistically significant but showed a similar trend with an initial decline of −0.5 points (95% CI, −1.4 to +0.3) and a slope of −0.1 points per year (95% CI, −0.3 to 0.0).

CONCLUSIONS:

In this pooled cohort study, incident HF diagnosis was associated with initial decreases in global cognition and executive function and faster, persistent declines in these domains at follow-up.
Effect of Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty and Riociguat on Right Ventricular Afterload and Function in CTEPH: Insights From the RACE Trial
Authors: Gerges Christian , Jevnikar Mitja , Brenot Philippe , Savale Laurent , Beurnier Antoine , Bouvaist Hélène , Sitbon Olivier , Fadel Elie , Boucly Athénaïs , Chemla Denis , Simonneau Gérald , Humbert Marc , Montani David , Jaïs Xavier ,   on behalf of the RACE Investigators
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Riociguat and balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) improve hemodynamics in inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Importantly, comparative effects of riociguat and BPA on different components of right ventricular (RV) afterload and function remain not fully elucidated.

METHODS:

We conducted a post hoc analysis including patients from the RACE trial (Riociguat Versus Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty in Non-Operable Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension) with complete data for the primary end point assessment (49 riociguat and 51 BPA). Symptomatic patients with a residual pulmonary vascular resistance >4 WU received add-on riociguat after BPA (n=18) or add-on BPA after riociguat (n=36) and were included in an ancillary 26-week follow-up study with hemodynamic reassessment at week 52.

RESULTS:

Cardiac output, stroke volume, and RV afterload improved significantly with riociguat and BPA, and the relative changes in RV afterload from baseline to week 26 were more pronounced in the BPA group (all
P
<0.001). Change in RV afterload was primarily mediated by decreased mean pulmonary arterial pressure in the BPA group, while increased cardiac output was the main driver in the riociguat group. Key parameters of RV function (RV stroke work and right atrial pressure) improved only in the BPA group. The ancillary follow-up study confirmed that relative change in RV afterload from week 26 to week 52 was more pronounced with add-on BPA, and improved RV function was only observed in the add-on BPA group.

CONCLUSIONS:

Both riociguat and BPA are effective in improving RV afterload in inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. However, BPA provided a more substantial impact on RV afterload reduction, and RV function only improved with BPA.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02634203.
TAX1BP3
Causes TRPV4-Mediated Autosomal Recessive Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Perelli Robin M. , Dewars Enya R. , Cope Heidi , Behura Alexander S. , Ponek Anna Q. , Sala Angelina M. , Zhang Zhushan , Muralidharan Padmapriya , Moya-Mendez Mary E. , Berkman Amy , Monaco Gabrielle G. , Sullivan Molly C. , Ezekian Jordan E. , Yang Qixin , Sun Bo , Kurzlechner Leonie M. , Asokan Tulsi , Breglio Andrew M. , Campbell M. Jay , Spector Zebulon Z. , Rehder Catherine W. ,   Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Tang Paul C. , James Cynthia A. , Calkins Hugh , Shashi Vandana , Landstrom Andrew P.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is one of the leading causes of sudden cardiac death in children, young adults, and athletes and is characterized by the fibro-fatty replacement of the myocardium, predominantly of the right ventricle. Sixty percent of patients with ACM have a known genetic cause, but for the remainder, the etiology is unknown. This lack of mechanistic understanding has also slowed the development of disease-modifying therapies, and children with ACM have a high degree of morbidity and mortality.

METHODS:

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from 3 family members were differentiated into cardiac myocytes (CMs). Calcium imaging was conducted by labeling calcium with CAL-520 and confocal imaging to capture calcium sparks after iPSC-CMs were electrically paced. A cardiac-specific, inducible knockout mouse (Tax1bp3
−/−
) was made and intracardiac electrophysiology studies conducted to observe arrhythmia inducibility following pacing.

RESULTS:

We identified a kindred with multiple members affected by ACM cosegregating with biallelic variants in the gene
TAX1BP3
, which encodes the protein TAX1BP3 (Tax1-binding protein 3). iPSC-CMs derived from this kindred demonstrated increased intracellular lipid droplets, induction of TRPV4 (transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4) expression, and inducible TRPV4 current. This was associated with depletion of the intracellular sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca
2+
store and increased RyR2 (ryanodine receptor 2)-mediated store Ca
2+
leak and delayed afterdepolarizations, a known mechanism of Ca
2+
-mediated arrhythmogenesis. Similarly, Tax1bp3 cardiac-specific knockout mice had increased Ca
2+
leak and were predisposed to ventricular arrhythmias compared with wild-type mice. Ca
2+
leak in both the iPSC-CMs and mouse ventricular myocytes was rescued by small molecule TRPV4 inhibition. This strategy also effectively reduced Ca
2+
leak in a PKP2 (plakophilin 2) p.His773AlafsX8 iPSC-CM model of ACM.

CONCLUSIONS:

We conclude that
TAX1BP3
is associated with rare autosomal recessive ACM through TRPV4-mediated Ca
2+
leak from RyR2. Further, TRPV4 current inhibition has the potential to be a new therapeutic target for ACM.
Why Do Women Care More & Men Couldn't Care Less?
Authors: Schmader Toni , Block Katharina
Published: February 2025

The health and well-being of society are sustained by a combination of paid and unpaid care work. Yet caregiving roles and occupations are overwhelmingly occupied by women. We outline evidence for five key sociocultural barriers to men's engagement in the care economy. These include prevalent cultural stereotypes that men are inherently less caring, despite little evidence for gender differences in caregiving abilities. Rather, men are socialized from a young age to devalue care as an activity at odds with being a man. These gendered beliefs about care have been getting wider over time and are especially entrenched in wealthy, individualistic societies. Without a collective understanding of these sociocultural barriers, people are unmotivated to change them. Given the myriad benefits of promoting a more gender-balanced care economy, elucidating the reasons women care more than men can motivate society to overcome these obstacles in new ways.
Technology & the Dynamics of Care for Older People
Authors: Fetterolf Elizabeth , Elder Andrew , Levi Margaret , Trivedi Ranak B.
Published: February 2025

The United States, like many countries, faces a contradiction: a growing number of older adults need care, yet the workforce on which this care depends is underpaid, marginalized, and relegated to the bottom ranks of the health care system. In response, technology presents an appealing potential solution for worried families hoping to remotely monitor “aging in place,” for care homes facing labor shortages, and for the technology companies that stand to profit. But the affordances of these technologies, the visions embedded within them, and their implications for workers, families, and older adults need specification. Drawing on the social scientific and medical literature on care, aging, and technology, this essay investigates several questions. Who is providing care, both paid and unpaid, and how does the introduction of technology into care provision affect each of the participants in the care network? What are the different types of technology that can aid care? What challenges and concerns do these technologies raise? And finally, how might we address these challenges moving forward?
The Social Life of Care
Authors: Gonsalves Gregg , Kapczynski Amy
Published: February 2025

While much recent writing about care casts it as an intimate and familial activity and commitment, there is a competing tradition that recognizes care as a social activity and commitment. This social concept of care is more suited to building a politics of care in a democracy, where we are committed to the equality of others. Care in its social articulation also requires public infrastructures and commitments to bring it into reality, and conflicts with the extractive imperatives of the market in our neoliberal economy. The history of public health, and insights drawn from social reproduction theory, can help us articulate the need for a new politics of care and identify the many challenges that stand in its way. Concerted social mobilization and a new social science of care will be needed if we are to address the universal need today for not only intimate but also social care.
Basal ganglia and cerebellar lesions causally impact the neural encoding of temporal regularities
Authors: Criscuolo Antonio , Schwartze Michael , Nozaradan Sylvie , Kotz Sonja A.
Published: February 2025

Acting in and adapting to a dynamically changing environment necessitates to precisely encode the timing of sensory events, and to time our own (re-)actions to them. Cerebellar (CE) and basal ganglia (BG) circuitries play fundamental and complementary roles in timing processes. While the CE seems to use precise timing (when an event occurs) and temporal intervals to generate temporal predictions (when a next event occurs), the BG uses relative timing to extract the beat in rhythmic sequences. As it is generally difficult to record data from respective patient groups in parallel, CE and BG contributions to timing processes are rarely investigated in combination. Here, we let healthy controls and patients with CE or BG lesions listen to isochronous auditory sequences while their EEG was recorded. We assessed intra- and inter-individual variabilities, as well as group differences, using event-related potentials (ERP), delta-band inter-trial phase-coherence, and acceleration dynamics while tuning to the stimulation frequency (Sf). CE and BG lesions increased variability in ERP latency and reduced the coherence of delta-band activity. CE but not BG lesions further impacted the stability of delta-band oscillations while tuning to the Sf. These findings show a causal link between subcortical lesions and the capacity to encode and synchronize ongoing neural activity with temporal regularities in the acoustic environment. While most standard metrics of neural entrainment do not dissociate specific contributions of BG and CE to sound processing in isochronous sequences, the newly introduced ‘stability’ metric isolated distinct changes in delta-band tuning dynamics in CE patients. This observation highlights the fundamental role of the CE in generating and maintaining stable neural representations of event onsets in the sensory environment.
Supply Assurance, Affordable Prices, Energy Conservation, and Zero-Carbon Heating: Promising Directions for Social Welfare and Industrial Development
Authors: Yi Dian , Wang Binghua
Published: February 2025

I had the privilege of conducting the field visits to several notable projects: the Inner Mongolia heating project, the Intelligent Thermal Energy Metering and Monitoring Platform of Menghua Technology, Tsinghua University's Building Energy Saving and Rural Heating solutions, Newenergy's air source heat pump, SPIC’s Shandong nuclear heating project, and the Xiangtan’s solar heat pump demonstration project. Based on my analysis of the current status and future trends of clean heating, and drawing insights from the rapid advancement of clean energy in China's electric power sector, this paper evaluates the challenges and opportunities within the heating industry. Elevated coal prices, in conjunction with limited price tolerance among residents, have led to industry-wide financial deficits and a reduction in both the motivation and available funding for energy-saving and carbon-reduction upgrades of heating systems. Moreover, the path to achieving efficient heating in small towns and rural areas remains challenging, while zero-carbon heating technologies are only beginning to demonstrate potential. In this context, it is crucial to implement policies that foster energy conservation and emission reduction while attracting investments, including long-term special bonds, to execute national strategies and bolster safety capabilities in critical sectors. Effective interactions among stakeholders can be achieved through the utilization of direct financing tools such as equity financing, bond financing, and REITs, thereby attracting more entrepreneurs and social capital into the heating industry. This will facilitate a synergistic relationship among the government, enterprises, and residents. Under government guidance, strategic directions and solutions for building energy conservation, emission reduction, and zero-carbon heating—such as heat pumps, medium and deep geothermal energy, nuclear energy, and distributed renewable energy power generation and heating—can be established. Simultaneously, the government can balance the triad of supply security, affordable prices, and environmental sustainability. By fostering technological, model, and institutional innovations, we can expedite the development of energy-saving, intelligent, clean, and zero-carbon heating technologies and industries. This industry holds promising prospects, offers robust cash flow, and has significant potential for energy conservation and emission reduction.
Displacement and the Reframing of Reproductive Autonomy: A Case of Rohingya Women in India
Authors: Jana Madhusree
Published: February 2025

Women’s narratives are often absent or distorted in theorisations of displacement, reflecting an ‘androcentric’ international human rights framework. This paper examines the transformation of gender roles and reproductive rights among Rohingya women in Indian refugee camps. Based on qualitative research in the National Capital Region of Delhi and Haryana districts, I argue that displacement operates as both a barrier and a catalyst, reconfiguring public–private boundaries and enabling subtle negotiations of power. Women’s life histories reveal strategies of mobility and agency within oppressive structures. By integrating discussions on marriage, family planning and childbearing, the paper challenges reductive refugee stereotypes and advocates centring reproductive rights in policymaking.
Predicting nasal diseases based on microbiota relationship network
Authors: Liang Yibo , Mao Jie , Qiu Tianlei , Li Binghua , Zhang Chenting , Zhang Kai , Sun Zhe , Zhang Guimin
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Increasing evidence indicates that the local microbiome can be used to predict host disease states. However, constructing models that obtain better results with fewer features is still challenging.

Methods

In this study, we established a nasal microbiome database consisting of 132 chronic rhinosinusitis patients, 27 nasal inverted papilloma patients, and 45 control patients. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to identify the species and abundance of bacteria in each sample, and a nasal microbiome database was generated after low-abundance bacteria were eliminated. The correlation data network of different groups of bacteria was constructed by calculating the correlation coefficient among bacterial genera, and the correlation parameters of the network were calculated based on graph theory. Through the development and application of a machine learning framework to optimize the screening process, combined with microbiome relationship network parameters based on graph theory, basic bacteria with high contributions to classification prediction were selected for the prediction of nasal diseases.

Results

We found that patients with nasal disease have a specific nasal microbiome signature and identified Moraxella, Prevotella, and Rothia as keystone genera that are markers of nasal disease; these markers can be interpreted as key control routes through graph theory analysis of the microbiota. With this strategy, we were able to characterize microbial community changes in nasal disease patients, which could reveal the potential role of the nasal microbiome in nasal disease.

Conclusion

This study can provide a reference for the formulation of disease prevention and control policies. Our framework can be applied to other diseases to identify keystone genera that influence disease states and can be used to predict disease states.
Prediction of dielectric properties of ferroelectric materials based on deep neural networks
Authors: Wang Jiachen , Cui Ziyu , Zhang Xin , Zhao Jikai , Li Fan , Zhou Zhongbin , Teah Nathan Saye , Gao Yunfei , Zhao Gaochao , Yang Yang
Published: February 2025

Ferroelectric materials have emerged as significant research hotspots within the field of materials science and engineering, primarily due to their unique electrical properties. However, the electrical characteristics of these materials are influenced by various factors, including material composition, microstructure, and preparation processes, which introduce considerable randomness and uncertainty. Traditional experimental and simulation methods are often insufficient for capturing these complex interactions, thereby hindering the prediction and optimization of material performance. This paper presents a novel approach for predicting the electrical properties of ferroelectric materials by utilizing deep neural networks (DNNs). The DNNs are trained using experimental data and serve as a proxy model to predict critical electrical properties, such as the dielectric constant and dielectric peak. The (1- x)Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3- xSrZrO3 ceramics were synthesized via the solid-state reaction method, and both the phase structure and electrical properties of NBT- xSZ were measured. The experimental results indicate that the DNN model effectively captures the intricate influences of factors such as material composition, preparation processes, and microstructure on electrical properties. The discrepancy between predicted values and experimental results remains within an acceptable range. By comparing the absolute error (<5) between measured and predicted data, alongside evaluation metrics such as MAPE, SMAPE, and R², the practicality and reliability of the DNN model are substantiated. The strong performance of this model not only accelerates the development of new materials but also enhances the optimization of the performance of existing materials.
“The New Red Tape: Agency Value Matching in a Post-Chevron World”
Authors: Curinga Zachary , O’Donnell Addison
Published: February 2025

In a post- Chevron world, agencies’ actions will be assessed on a grid comprised of legislative alignment, executive competency, and judicial tolerance. If agencies are to maintain legitimacy, however, new mechanisms, and practices must arise. Thus, public administration must incorporate a legalistic lens to include how competency and alignment lead to specific outputs, as litigants will present evidence in court to make a case without any deferential presumption for administrative agencies. This article argues that agencies must be proactive in obtaining preemptive justifications of their actions and matching values to each branch of government, in addition to their mandates.