bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The first record of the genus Microgecko Nikolskii, 1907 for Iraq
Authors: Jablonski Daniel , Benovics Michal , Vorel Jiří , Mohammed Sarbaz Ibrahim , Afrasiab Saman R.
Published: September 2020

The genus Microgecko Nikolskii, 1907 (Gekkonidae) currently includes eight species distributed from western Iran to north-western India and Pakistan. During field research in Iraq, we found a population of the genus near to the Darbandikhan Lake in the north-eastern part of the country. Because members of the genus are characterized by a higher level of morphological and genetic diversity, we investigated the population using both morphological and molecular approaches. The phylogenetic analyses based on a fragment of the mitochondrial marker cytochrome b and morphological characters showed that our investigated population belongs to M. helenae fasciatus. This is the first record of the genus and species for Iraq. Moreover, the phylogenetic structure within M. helenae shows divergences that suggest the elevation of M. h. fasciatus to species level.
Non-Mydriatic Single-Field Fundus Photography for the Screening of Retinal Diseases in an Executive Health Clinic
Authors: Tarabishy Ahmad B. , Campbell John P. , Misra-Hebert Anita , Seballos Raul J. , Lang Richard S. , Singh Rishi P.
Published: September 2020

Background and Objective:

To determine the accuracy and sensitivity of a single-field non-mydriatic digital fundus image interpreted by an ophthalmologist and performed within a primary care setting.

Patients and Methods:

Fundus photography using a digital non-mydriatic camera was performed on both eyes of 1,175 consecutive patients as part of an executive health program. All fundus images included a 45° field of the posterior pole capturing the optic nerve and macular area. Diagnostic findings were recorded and appropriate recommendations for follow-up were made. Patients were then contacted to see whether appropriate follow-up was successfully completed and chart reviews were performed to determine biomicroscopic findings.

Results:

Photographs were adequate in both eyes in 1,117 patients (95.1%). Examination findings were normal in both eyes in 951 (85.1%) patients. Abnormal findings were noted in either eye in 166 (14.9%) patients. The most common abnormal findings were macular degeneration (57/166, 34.3%), optic nerve cupping (45/166, 27.1%), hypertensive retinopathy (15/166, 9.0%), and choroidal nevi (10/166, 6.0%). In all patients with abnormal findings, routine follow-up ophthalmologic examination with an eye care specialist was indicated and none of the patients required urgent attention. Sensitivity was found to be 87% and stratification was performed based on the initial diagnosis. False-positive results were from confounding diagnoses rather than true false-positives.

Conclusion:

Single-field non-mydriatic fundus photography is accurate and sensitive for screening retinal disease in a primary care setting.
Past, present and future of Virtual Reality: Analysis of its technological variables and definitions
Authors: Paíno Ambrosio Adriana , Rodríguez Fidalgo M. Isabel
Published: September 2020

Developments in Virtual Reality (VR) technology are currently arousing great scientific interest because in just a few years, VR has found its niche not only in the specialised public, but also in society in general and in different contexts, thanks to its many uses in different contexts and the decreasing price of VR viewing devices. To many, this technology may appear to be a novelty of the 21st century, but its origins go back several decades. Taking into account these aspects, this article aims to analyse the past and present of VR from two perspectives: one focused on its technological development and one on its conceptual evolution. This historical overview, in turn, will allow us to address the future applications of VR in different disciplines. The study provides the reader with an indepth analysis of VR that will contribute to the understanding of this technology and its uses.
Enhancing Classification Skills Using i-Bird Apps in Zoology Vertebrata Course
Authors: Kurniawan Iwan Setia , Tapilouw Fransisca Sudargo , Hidayat Topik , Setiawan Wawan
Published: September 2020

Smartphone applications are developing so rapidly with increasingly sophisticat-ed features. However, smartphone applications widely used to fulfill social needs rather than being used to support learning. The classification skills are essential possessed by students to facilitate the learning of various species. By integrating technology, students expected to be able to have good classification skills. This study aims to improve the classification ability of prospective biology teacher students by using the i-Bird application in the Zoology Vertebrate course. The i-Bird application designed and created specifically for studying Aves. This study uses a quasi-experimental method with a randomized control group pretest and posttest design. Involving 82 students divided into two groups. 44 students as an experimental class using the i-Bird app on smartphones (SA) and 38 students as a control class using a bird's guidebook (GB). The results showed the classifica-tion ability of SA students (N-gain =0 .54), and GB (N-gain = 0.44) showed a significant increase in the medium category. The parametric test using a t-test (p-value = .038) showed a significant difference between SA and GB. Thus it can be concluded that technological progress can be used in learning if it is well de-signed. Implications of smartphone applications can develop in future learning, of course, must be designed according to needs.
SPOC-based Flipped Learning Model Applied in Interpreting Teaching
Authors: Chen Juan
Published: September 2020

It is of great importance to construct an effective learning model in the information age. This paper aims to establish a SPOC-based Flipped learning model and discuss its effectiveness when it is combined with off-line teaching of interpreting course. Following a questionaire and data analysis from February to July in 2019, it is concluded that the SPOC-based flipped learning serves as an effective learning model which creates an interactive learning environment for students, cultivate students’ autonomous learning efficiency and ability, and enables teachers to supervise and evaluate students’ learning habits and effects during the whole process, which, in return, helps to improve the teaching design constantly.
Proposal for a New Tool to Evaluate a Serious Game
Authors: Omari Kamal , Moussetad Mohamed , Labriji El Houssine , Harchi Said
Published: September 2020

The current enthusiasm of generations of students for video games and the marked interest of training institutions for the use of playful strategies, which facilitate learning, has encouraged the development and use of formative games called Serious Games. The main aim behind these games is not to substitute the traditional training mode, but to complement it by making the learner benefit from the interactivity and ergonomics of the graphical interfaces offered by a SG.

So far, much research work has focused on the benefits that SGs can bring to a training envi-ronment. However, little has been done in terms of evaluating an SG, not as a training tool but as the outcome of a development project of a tool meant for use in a learning context.

The purpose of this paper is to propose an evaluation tool of a SG designed in terms of four necessary dimensions that a SG should have in order to fulfill the task for which it was designed. These four dimensions are represented in terms of measurement criteria and prioritized according to the Fuzzy-AHP method « Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process ».

This model was tested on an SG validated by an educational committee and used by biology students in Hassan II University, Ben M'Sik Faculty of Sciences. The results obtained show the quality and relevance of the evaluation of the proposed tool.
Didactique, discours médiatiques et événements : développement d’une compétence pragmatique et d’une culture médiatique par l’analyse de l’actualité
Authors: Rakotonoelina Florimond
Published: September 2020

L’article propose une articulation théorique et méthodologique entre les discours médiatiques et leur enseignement en classe de langue. Pour ce faire, on se centrera sur la presse écrite et spécifiquement sur les événements médiatiques. D’un point de vue didactique, on partira du principe qu’un travail régulier sur la presse écrite permet à l’apprenant étranger d’acquérir une compétence pragmatique en compréhension, en particulier une compétence discursive, qui lui donne accès à une culture médiatique. Du point de vue de l’analyse du discours, on partira du principe que les discours médiatiques sont sous-tendus par des modèles de discours et que ce sont ces modèles, nécessairement abstraits, qui doivent être déconstruits et reconstruits pour faire l’objet d’un enseignement/apprentissage. L’objectif est donc ici de dépasser la notion de texte – telle qu’on peut la retrouver dans les manuels de langue étrangère, où les textes (médiatiques ou autres) s’égrainent de manière isolée et aléatoire unité après unité sans véritable cohérence entre eux – pour aborder celle de discours, comme séries de textes présentant entre eux des indices de comparabilité et formant entre eux des corpus destinés à être analysés. Ce faisant, c’est moins le sens des textes que le sens des représentations discursives propre à une communauté ethnolinguistique qui est ici visé, offrant la possibilité aux apprenants d’accéder à un pan de la culture dite médiatique.
Didactique de l’arabe et problématique de la polyglossie : approche comparative entre l’arabe littéraire et le dialecte syrien en vue d’améliorer la qualité de l’enseignement de l’arabe, langue étrangère
Authors: Alnassan Abidrabbo
Published: September 2020

Cet article traite de la mise en place du contenu lexical des manuels d’enseignement de l’arabe, langue étrangère, à l’Institut supérieur des langues de l’université de Damas (ISLUD). Bien que ce contenu ne s’éloigne pas des normes habituelles de création des manuels d’enseignement (centrés sur l’adaptation d’un lexique arabe littéraire classique ou moderne), il se rapproche autant que possible de la pratique quotidienne du langage, très riche en lexique dialectal. C’est donc la problématique de la polyglossie de l’arabe qui est ici abordée. Par l’analyse didactique et linguistique d’un corpus télévisuel syrien (Marāyā 2013), on propose un lexique plus adapté au besoin des apprenants, dans le sens où il ne permettrait pas seulement de comprendre les ressources textuelles de l’arabe, mais aussi de renforcer la capacité de comprendre et d’échanger dans des situations de communication quotidiennes.
Lexique, catégorisation et représentation : les reformulations métalinguistiques dans le discours animaliste
Authors: Ruchon Catherine
Published: September 2020

Cet article se propose d’explorer la relation entre lexique, reformulations métalinguistiques non savantes et représentations en s’appuyant sur un corpus de discours animalistes constitué de pétitions en ligne, d’extraits de sites d’associations engagées dans la cause animale, de commentaires d’internautes, d’articles de presse et d’interviews de militant·e·s. Il s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une linguistique populaire axée sur des questions de sémantique. L’analyse des énoncés de militant·e·s a permis de dégager la notion d’axiolexème qui s’applique à des mots ordinaires du lexique auxquels les énonciateurs tentent d’ajouter en discours une dimension morale. Ils cherchent ainsi à changer les représentations associées à ces mots en mettant en exergue certains traits distinctifs par des énoncés à forme définitionnelle.
Énoncés définitoires et subjectivité dans les débats sur l’évolution du mariage aux États-Unis
Authors: Labatut François
Published: September 2020

Cet article aborde la dimension argumentative des énoncés définitoires métadiscursifs autour du mot mariage présents dans les amicus briefs qui se sont opposés à la légalisation du same-sex marriage aux États-Unis pendant le procès Obergefell v. Hodges en 2015. La question de la définition et de la signification du mariage, qui a occupé une position centrale lors de ces débats, a fait l’objet d’une grande activité métalinguistique par des non-spécialistes sous la forme d’énoncés définitoires complexes. Les analyses proposées prennent appui sur le modèle interactionnel anglo-saxon développé par Hyland (2005). Les résultats mettent en avant une utilisation privilégiée de marqueurs de subjectivité dans ce type d’énoncé. L’hypothèse selon laquelle l’emploi de ces marqueurs s’inscrit dans une stratégie argumentative plus globale, à savoir celle d’une conception essentialiste de la définition du mariage à des fins de purisme linguistique, sera examiné.This article proposes an analysis of the argumentative dimension of metadiscourses with regards to the definition and meaning of the word marriage in the debates about same-sex marriage in the United States. The corpus of this study is composed of the amicus briefs produced during Obergefell v. Hodges, which led to the legalization of same-sex marriage in 2015. Many metadiscursive comments emerged from the dispute about the definition and meaning of the word marriage in these debates. From a linguistic perspective, such comments took the shape of metadiscourses aiming at defining the word marriage. Drawing on Hyland’s interactional model of metadiscourse (2005), it will be shown that such utterances are often associated with very specific and highly subjective markers. Besides, such markers seem to be part of an overall argumentative strategy, based on an essentialist definition of the word marriage.
Linguiste ou non-linguiste ? Réflexions sur une dichotomie controversée à partir de l’analyse de métadiscours sur les langues régionales
Authors: Visser Judith
Published: September 2020

Plusieurs termes existent pour distinguer l’expert du non-expert et le linguiste du non-linguiste. Cette bipartition, à première vue plausible, pose des problèmes quand on l’applique à une situation communicative concrète. S’agit-il d’une dichotomie rigide ? Ou d’une distinction à critères variables, voire d’une construction discursive ? Est-elle valable pour tout genre de métadiscours ? Pour répondre à ces questions, nous discuterons brièvement les désignations coexistantes pour se référer au linguiste et au non-linguiste ainsi que les critères auxquels elles renvoient. L’analyse des métadiscours sur les langues régionales en France nous permettra d’examiner la dépendance de ces critères vis-à-vis du type de métadiscours et de la situation communicative.
Appropriations et réappropriations dans les interactions entre spécialistes et non-spécialistes. Quand les frontières sont des passoires…
Authors: Oursel Élodie
Published: September 2020

Cet article illustre différentes façons dont les agents et les usagers de l’administration collaborent pour partager des savoirs par le biais du discours. Le corpus, collecté dans le bureau d’un écrivain public, est composé d’interactions administratives entre l’agent écrivain public, locuteur natif du français, et des usagers non natifs. Cette situation de communication, où un non-spécialiste et un spécialiste de l’administration s’entraident, défie indéniablement l’idée de frontières strictes entre discours spécialisés et non spécialisés.
L’e-conférence écologiste sur les sites web d’(in-)formation : entre genre ordinaire et genre spécialisé
Authors: Rakotonoelina Florimond
Published: September 2020

L’article aborde le discours écologiste à partir d’un genre discursif spécifique, l’e-conférence, présent sur différents types de sites web d’(in-)formation. Qu’elle émane de sites communautaires (associatifs ou contributifs), de sites d’établissements publics ou de sites chargés de l’information ministérielle, l’e-conférence écologiste aspire, au-delà d’une sensibilisation à l’environnement, à former le grand public pour faire évoluer ses comportements vers un développement durable. Envisagée sous cet angle, l’e-conférence écologiste tend vers un genre ordinaire. Mais c’est oublier la plasticité et la complexité des genres. Abordée sous l’angle des philosophies de l’éducation, l’e-conférence écologiste oscille alors entre genre ordinaire et genre spécialisé.
Archaeometric analyses of the stuccoes and polychromy on temple C at Selinunte (Sicily)
Authors: Lazzarini Lorenzo , D’Ignoti Katia , Alfano Giovanni , Cancelliere Stefano , Bennardo Carmelo
Published: September 2020

The most recent restoration of the re-erected part of temple C of ancient Selinus (modern Selinunte, Sicily) made it possible to carry out direct observations and a sampling campaign on the very few extant ancient stuccoes and polychromy traces on the columns and capitals of the northern peristasis. The samples were submitted to laboratory analyses including XRD on powder, OM, as well as SEM-EDS, on polished and thin sections, providing a stratigraphic reconstruction of the various stuccoes applied over the biocalcarenite of the temple. The composition of the stuccoes, together with that of the remaining polychromy, has been determined archaeometrically, thus allowing new hypotheses about the decorative materials and techniques used during the main lifetime (6th-5th centuries B.C.) of the temple.
Tracing the colours of Hermogenes’ temple of Artemis: architectural surface analysis in the Antikensammlung Berlin
Authors: Zink Stephan , Taschner Moritz , Reiche Ina , Alfeld Matthias , Aibéo Cristina , Egel Ellen , Müller Katharina , Ristau Anne , Neuhaus Birgit , Massmann Wolfgang
Published: September 2020

The temple of Artemis at Magnesia on the Maeander (Western Turkey) is a milestone of Hellenistic architecture. Its architect, Hermogenes of Priene, was famously praised as an innovator already in Antiquity. While we know a good deal on the temple’s architecture, its accentuation with colour remains unknown. A collaborative research project in the Antikensammlung Berlin has now investigated three large marble fragments of the temple’s exterior façade for the remains of colour coatings. Using multiple methods of microscopic and physico-chemical analysis, it was possible, for the first time, to provide an insight into the temple’s exterior colour accentuations. It seems that the façade featured a colour scheme, in which white and yellow-brown hues played a key role, the latter probably for the painterly imitation of freshly cast or gilded bronze applications. Painted shading and colour highlights, applied with a careful consideration for spatial context and light conditions, completed the design. This is the first such evidence on a monumental temple façade. Remarkably, the applied design departs from the traditional colour triad of white, blue and red that was applied on many previous and contemporary temple facades throughout the Classical World. It imitates, however, a tradition of metal decoration that was a hallmark of sacred architecture.
La peinture sur les sols de mortier et les mosaïques d’époque hellénistique : modes d’emploi d’une polychromie architecturale largement méconnue
Authors: Guimier-Sorbets Anne-Marie
Published: September 2020

En nous fondant sur des pavements découverts en Macédoine, à Rhodes, à Délos, à Alexandrie et dans quelques autres sites du monde grec, nous nous attacherons à montrer comment la polychromie a été mise en œuvre et développée sur les sols de mortier et les mosaïques à partir des ve-ive siècles avant J.-C., dans des contextes tant publics que domestiques. Le premier objectif était de décorer les sols par l’adjonction de couleurs vives pour étendre et aviver la polychromie, élément important du décor architectural grec. Le second était de copier la peinture murale ou de chevalet, art majeur de cette époque, lui-même fortement polychrome et illusionniste. En raison de l’altération de la peinture et des matériaux artificiels employés, cette polychromie n’a pas été repérée au moment de la découverte et reste en grande partie à restituer.
La couleur des bronzes antiques : recherches récentes
Authors: Descamps-Lequime Sophie
Published: September 2020

Les effets de polychromie recherchés par les bronziers antiques reposaient essentiellement sur des techniques propres au travail du métal et non sur les pratiques picturales adoptées à la même époque par les sculpteurs sur pierre et par les coroplathes. Leur palette, liée à des incrustations et à des placages de métaux purs ou alliés, était donc limitée, même si l’une des sources de couleurs supplémentaires venait des yeux rapportés des statues. Les Anciens recherchaient l’éclat et la brillance du métal. Pour préserver la teinte métallique originelle des bronzes, proche d’un or plus ou moins rosé, et ralentir le processus d’altération du bronze, ils traitaient les épidermes à l’aide de substances bitumineuses ou de poix qui, paradoxalement, assombrissaient progressivement les statues. Cet assombrissement est probablement à l’origine d’un changement de goût, qui expliquerait peut-être l’apparition, avant la fin de l’époque hellénistique, de patines artificielles intentionnellement sombres, dont certaines ont été étudiées au C2RMF.
Considerations on the polychromy of a group of nenfro sculptures from Tuscania (Viterbo) kept in the National Archaeological Museum of Florence
Authors: Noferi Claudia , Bracci Susanna , Bartolozzi Giovanni , Iannaccone Roberta , Lenzi Sara , Magrini Donata
Published: September 2020

The paper deals with a group of Etruscan nenfro sculptures found in Tuscania (Viterbo) and kept in the Archaeological Museum of Florence, where some of them were already displayed at the end of the 19th and early 20th century. After the flood of Florence in 1966, the Museum was heavily damaged, causing the dismemberment of many contexts, including those from Tuscania. The artefacts were then cleaned, restored and most of them were moved into the depository of the Museum and to the Villa Corsini, where they are currently kept. The sculptures were analysed by means of a totally non-invasive analytical protocol through imaging and single spot analysis. Traces mostly of yellow and red iron-based pigments for the skin tone as well as few traces of Egyptian blue were evidenced. The comparison of the obtained analytical results joined with the archaeological studies has provided new information about the sculptures, their conservation state and artistic technique as well as deepened the knowledge about their original contexts.
“Reconstruction” of the polychromy of ancient sculpture: a necessary evil?
Authors: Østergaard Jan Stubbe
Published: September 2020

The contribution offers an overview of the history of reconstructions and their use, with a representative selection of formats and their contexts, from the beginnings in the early 19th century to the present. The polychromy of ancient architecture is dealt with only to a limited degree.The point of departure is a perceived need of establishing an informed and critical discussion of the whys and wherefores of reconstructions. On the background of the investigative technologies which have been developed with unprecedented rapidity, a methodological protocol allowing cross-checks of data is recommended.
The experimental reconstruction of the bronze warriors of Riace as part of the Frankfurt “Liebieghaus Polychromy Research Project”
Authors: Brinkmann Vinzenz , Koch-Brinkmann Ulrike
Published: September 2020

The contribution describes the experimental reconstruction of the two bronze warriors discovered in 1972 in the sea a few meters off the coast of Riace. The Frankfurt project intends to contribute to the question of the production process, but also to the interpretation of these famous sculptures. On the basis of a 3D scan, a 1:1 bronze replica was recast. Eyes, eyelashes, lips, teeth and nipples, which had been originally made of stones and inlays of copper and silver, were reproduced and, together with a speculative patination and a painting based on linseed oil and asphalt, provide a starting point to discuss issues of the authentic appearance. Meticulous studies of the preserved technical traces on the warriors’ heads allow a reconstruction of both lost headgears that eventually provide a strong argument for the identification of both warriors.
Comparative Study of Artificial Intelligence-Based Teaching With Human Interactive Teaching
Authors: Jain Sapna , Alam M. Afshar
Published: September 2020

Artificial intelligence applications in higher education have become popular, which promotes various learning programs with skill-based curriculum. These artificial intelligence-enabled systems bring a perspective of global classroom. The fundamental system of training helps the students to associate self-learning habit where they can have selection of activities, which can be utilized for different other courses. The human interactive learning prepares the course material, design curriculum, opportunity of articulation, and contribute to the mind-boggling capabilities of the future. The chapter shall study the impact of artificial intelligence learning and human interactive teaching on the students of a university and analyse the results. The chapter focuses to analyse features of traditional system of learning, and artificial intelligence-based robotic learning associates are winding up increasingly accessible are explored in depth using illustrations and case studies. The chapter portrays the effect of artificial intelligence on the education, which can help the student to overcome troubles and see how to push them, to improve the creative mind of a collectivity, and to structure another educational experience. The chapter also discusses the features of human interactive learning method, which is incorporated in artificial intelligence educational systems but can considered for research in future.
Big Data Application in Entrepreneurship
Authors: Parra León Darío , Cusi Milenka Linneth Argote
Published: September 2020

Modern society generates about 7 Zetabytes each year, of which 75% comes from the connectivity of individuals to social networks. In this regard, the chapter presents a case study of the application of big data technologies for entrepreneurial analysis using global entrepreneurship monitor (GEM) data as a new tool of analysis. Therefore, the core of this chapter is to present the methodology that was used to develop and implement the big data app of GEM as well as the main results of project. On the other hand, the chapter remarks the advantages and disadvantages of this kind of technology for the case of GEM data. Finally, it presents the respective dashboards that interrelate the gem data with Word Bank indicators as a case study of the application of big data for entrepreneurship research.
Decision Making and Behavior
Authors: Cervantes-Guzmán Jovanna Nathalie
Published: September 2020

Neuromarketing is a tool of research that has shown those stimuli of marketing that affect the emotional part of buyers' brains. Their knowledge can be considered as a support in a strategy to influence the increase sales levels and improve the relationship with customers. The purpose of the research is to demonstrate the relationship between the key strategies of neuromarketing and the elements of the quality in the service for sales to the final customer in commercial SMEs of the jewelry industry in Guadalajara. The methodology that was used was non-experimental of transversal character and an exploratory research and correlation. The object of the study was the commercial SMEs of Centro Joyero San Juan de Dios in Guadalajara. The analysis demonstrated that there exists a relation of the key strategies and the quality of the service in the perception of sales in neuromarketing.
Decision Making and Behavior
Authors: Guzmán Jovanna Nathalie Cervantes
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to expose the relevance of the use of micro-influencers as a creative strategy in the marketing used by SMEs in Mexico. The methodology employed was deductive, exploratory, descriptive, correlational, and documentary. The information presented from the research carried out on the millennials shows that the productive life of an SME would obtain a considerable increase working on its publicity as a creative strategy with a micro influencer.
Quality Enhancement in Underwater Sensor Networks Through Node Deployment Plans
Authors: Sangwan Anju , Sangwan Anupma , Rani Deepti , Singh Rishi Pal
Published: September 2020

Due to widespread applications and an orientation towards dimensionality enhancement, the underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) are going to be in demand for today's researchers. The core idea to design a strong and reliable build under the water revolves around the master plan of sensor deployment. The quality parameters like coverage, connectivity, and network lifespan, etc. are considered as main pillars for these deployment plans. There is always a trade-off between these quality parameters. So, it is quite necessary to maintain a balance among these parameters in order to establish a successful communication system. In this chapter, the authors have categorized the node deployment plans on the basis of the above-stated quality parameters. During this categorization, the view of dimensionality enhancement from two dimensions to three dimensions is also kept in the mind.
Recent and Future Node Deployment Strategies in the Underwater Sensor Network (UWSN)
Authors: Pandey Krishna , Kumar Manish
Published: September 2020

The chapter focuses on the recent development in the field of the sensor node deployment in the UWSN (under water wireless sensor network). In the chapter, the technical challenges during the node deployment of the sensor nodes in the UWSN (under water wireless sensor network) are represented with prefacing the background. The chapter focuses on the different methods of node deployment and presents a generalized model for ensure the reliability. A view of analyzing the deployment of sensor nodes is also shown in the example by following the recent researches in the domain. Finally, the future scope and conclusion is represented with the idea of new paradigms in the deployment of sensor nodes in the UWSN.
Underwater Localization Techniques
Authors: Bharti Manisha , Verma Poonam Rani
Published: September 2020

Underwater acoustic communication uses sound waves to trans-receive information, diving deep inside water, environment scanning, undersea explorations, disaster prevention, etc. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to cover stationary and mobile localization algorithm. They are further subdivided into distributed and centralized. Each one is further subcategorized into estimation-based and prediction-based schemes. The category therefore extends on the basis of ranging method, communication, and synchronization, some of which are area localization, sensor-based localization, forming a sensor array, motion-aware self-localization, silent localization. Each one will be discussed in detail in this chapter. At last, hybrid technique is also discussed, which combines stationary and mobile techniques. The discussion includes various nodes including anchor node, unknown node, sink node, and reference node. Various methods to follow the techniques are also discussed, which include anchor-based method, ranging method, and message communication.
Data Fusion in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks and Open Research Challenges
Authors: Guleria Kalpna , Atham Saira Banu , Kumar Ashok
Published: September 2020

Underwater wireless sensor networks consist of numerous devices such as vehicles and sensor nodes, which are positioned underwater, and these devices collaboratively perform data collection, monitoring, and control task. The most critical issues related to underwater wireless sensor networks include limited bandwidth, data aggregation, data fusion, data collection, routing, media access control, higher propagation delay, and higher power consumption. Underwater data fusion is one of the critical issues for underwater military surveillance applications. It is also considered an equally important and challenging aspect for underwater intelligent traffic control and underwater vehicle navigation systems. This chapter provides an insight into basic concepts about multi-sensor data fusion and detailed review of most popular data fusion architectural models available for underwater wireless sensor networks. Finally, the chapter also provides open research directions to researchers for multi-sensor data fusion.
Cyber Attacks and Cyber Security in Underwater Communication
Authors: Umrao Sachin
Published: September 2020

This chapter is structured around the concepts of risk analysis due to underwater deployment of the cables for data transfer. Most of the organizations have deployed their networks below the water for shortening the distances between peers and also to reduce the physical destruction cost of cables. Furthermore, some organizations like Google kept their servers below the water because it reduced the cost of getting it cool, which in turn increases the efficiency. However, security consultants around the world in recent past expressed their considerations that a cyber-attack on these servers or cables might result in miserable economic collision. This might be overstated but there are infrequent situations in which cable breakage could be riotous. Although organizations cannot rule the threat of attacks on these apparatuses, there are fewer check measures that could reduce the possible attack chances in underwater communication.
The Use of Creolized English in FL Classes in Barbados
Authors: González Paula , Belgrave Korah L. , Jules Janice E.
Published: September 2020

One of the most controversial issues in the teaching of modern languages throughout the 20th century has been without a doubt the debate on the use of students' first language in foreign language classrooms. In that regard, there have been many and varied arguments for and against this. In this chapter there is a review both of the reasons that have been discussed to reject the presence of L1 in the foreign language class and those in favor of including this language. In addition, the findings of research on Caribbean foreign language students' opinions and beliefs on the use of L1/HL in their language classes are presented. The chapter considers the students' views on the specific classroom contexts in which they consider the L1/HL useful in their process of learning the foreign language.
Challenges for Inclusive Education Through Home Languages in the Caribbean Part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Authors: Mijts Eric , Kester Ellen-Petra , Faraclas Nicholas G.
Published: September 2020

Over the past decades, an increasing number of initiatives aimed at the introduction of the use of home languages of the majority of the populations of the territories of the Caribbean part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in education, governance, and the judiciary have been the subject of lively and sometimes acrimonious debate. In this chapter, the authors discuss an inventory of popular beliefs on the adequateness for academic use and status of the different languages in the Caribbean part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands to understand the processes that underly the resistance to moves toward inclusive education in home languages of the majority of the populations of these islands. This inventory is produced by the three authors of this chapter, who at various levels have investigated attitudes and beliefs related to language in general, and the adoption of the former colonizer's state tradition and language regime in particular, in Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, St. Eustatius, and St. Maarten.
Mindful Self-Care for Earlier Schooling
Authors: Boivin Jacquelynne Anne , Melito-Conners Theresa
Published: September 2020

This chapter explores the role that mindful self-care practices play in helping students transition into attending school for the first time. Self-care practices are described in this chapter based on a thorough review of the literature focusing on the benefits for young students in early childhood educational settings. A thorough review of the literature has provided insight into five areas that address the following topics: (1) defining the concept of mindful self-care, (2) the impact of mindfulness practices on self-care, (3) the significance of modeling in learning to be self-cared, (4) benefits of self-care in the early childhood transitionary period, (5) long-term benefits of implementing self-care skills as socio-emotional competencies in early childhood, (6) implications for earlier public schooling, (7) educating starting at birth.
Children's Perspective on Transition From Kindergarten to Primary School
Authors: Višnjić Jevtić Adrijana , Visković Ivana
Published: September 2020

Access to educational transitions is determined by public educational policies, community culture in which someone grew up, and personal paradigms of all participants in the process – parents, teachers, and children. Although most educational policies demand accepting children as active participants in their own education, the actual children's participation is challenging. It is still linked to the adults' interpretation of understanding children's participation. How well we understand their perspective is often a predictor of initiating higher or lower quality transition processes. To appreciate a child's perspective, we should move away from the “top-down” view and consider the children's “bottom-up” interpretation of their own thinking and well-being. It is therefore justified to research children's opinions. This chapter discusses children's understanding of the transition process, based on 40 interviews with children in ECE settings.
The Roles of Early Childhood Educators in Young Children's Transition to Primary School
Authors: Gooden Caroline Jones
Published: September 2020

This chapter is designed to be a useful guide for early childhood educators, families, and researchers. It presents key roles and related resources for educators to address the well-being of young children, with or without disabilities, who are in the process of transitioning from early childhood settings to primary school. Continuing challenges in early childhood transition practice necessitate renewed attention to practical solutions. The proposed roles of early childhood educators are based on the theoretical frameworks of Pianta and colleagues, Rous and colleagues, and Yelverton and Mashburn. Four key educator roles are proposed: school readiness teacher, relationship and continuity facilitator, resource and case manager, and transition policy advocate. Descriptions and suggestions for implementation of each educator role are provided.
Qualitative Inquiry in Early Childhood Education Research
Authors: Adams-Wiggins Karlyn R. , El-Moslimany Hebbah
Published: September 2020

Recent research on the kindergarten transition highlights the importance of alignment across contexts to provide high-quality interactions. Yet, we know less about how families make sense of their experiences in the transition. This chapter explores families' experiences with the kindergarten transition from a funds of knowledge perspective. Results from a qualitative interview study of schools' recognition of families' funds of knowledge during the kindergarten transition are presented. Families in the study discussed parent-initiated involvement and disconnects between school perceptions of their home culture and their own self understandings. The authors argue that understanding families' own experiences with the transition is an important step in conceptualizing families' involvement in their children's education.
Institutional Role and Asisstance Service Analysis on Food Security Policy Case in Indonesia
Authors: Rusliyadi Muhamad , Jamil Azaharaini Bin Hj. Mohd. , Kumalasari Ratna Tri , Rouf Ari Abdul
Published: September 2020

The chapter aims to analyze on the role of institutions, sources of funding/assistance, source information in terms of food security and extension policy. The result of the research shows the information on problematic areas in policy implementation with respect to food security and extension policy in terms of poverty reduction. The role of the institutions, assistance, and source information is useful in the implementation of other policy sectors in the future because similar issues or problems may be avoided by taking precautions not to repeat the same mistakes or by applying measures that address the implementation issues. In this way, policy implementation can be carried out effectively, and the outcomes will meet the policy objectives.
Food Security Policy Analysis of Household Level
Authors: Rusliyadi Muhamad , Jamil Azaharaini Bin Hj. Mohd.
Published: September 2020

The study focuses on analyzing the food self-sufficiency village program at household level in Indonesia. The before and after analysis and food and security composite analysis at household level are used as tools. It involved comparing the implication and impact between indicators before and after the implementation of policy. Quantitative data were used to compare major indicators and qualitative data for minor indicators. In general, the impact of the DMP Programme on the villages was positive. The level of poverty in each village has been significantly reduced by 8-40% after the introduction of the programme. Composite food security analysis at household level shows the positive impacts of DMP Programme implementation. This is shown by several indicators, including the rise of 4-7% availability, reduction in poverty by 8-40%, and decrease in people working fewer than 15 hours per week by 10-20%.
Human-Centered Design to Enhance the Usability, Human Factors, and User Experience Within Digital Destructive Ecosystems
Authors: Susanto Heru , Ibrahim Fahmi , Nazmudeen Saleem Haja , Mohiddin Fadzliwati , Setiana Desi
Published: September 2020

Human-centered design is an approach that focuses on involving the end user throughout the product development and testing process which can be crucial in ensuring that the product meets the needs and capabilities of the user, particularly in terms of user experience and safety. The structured and iterative nature of human-centered design can often be a challenge for the design team when faced with the necessary, rapid, product development life cycles associated with the competitiveness in the industry. This ensures that the needs of the user are taken into account throughout the design process whilst also maintaining a rapid pace of development, and its rationale before outlining how it was applied to assess and enhance the usability, human factors, and user experience within destructive digital ecosystem era. The authors encouraged a system approach such as human-centered design for prevention on further damages being done on data breaches through the application of each steps of the process.
Disruption and Innovation Trends in the QSR Industry
Authors: Nagpal Gaurav , Dawar Kanika , Choudhury Srutadipta Roy , Singh Tanmay
Published: September 2020

The QSR (quick service restaurants) industry in the emerging economies such as India is undergoing a wave of disruption and re-engineering. Many global brands in QSR food servicing have resorted to technology and innovation in one or more aspects of their value chain in order to maintain leadership positions in a market that is facing some fast-growing competition from various channels, especially with the penetration that service aggregators like Zomato, Swiggy, and Uber Eats have managed to gain. This study aims to establish a general direction towards which the QSR industry is progressing in India by examining not only the current trends in India but also the trends that are prevalent worldwide and which have the potential of diffusion to emerging economies like India.
Retailing in Indonesia
Authors: Anggraeni Adilla , Silalahi Ayuphita Tiara
Published: September 2020

The chapter discusses Indonesia's retailing landscape. The retail sector itself can be considered to be one of the most promising in Asia due to the high populations, growing middle class, higher purchasing power, and shifting spending habits. The discussion revolves along the state of online and offline retailing in Indonesia, including the current trends and discussion of luxury retailing. The technological advancement was proven to have shifted how people do retailing activities. The chapter discusses the trends in luxury retail as well as the challenges facing luxury retailers doing business in Indonesia, which may include counterfeiting. Counterfeiting is one of the prevailing issues in Indonesian retailing behaviours, targeting consumers who are aware that they have indeed purchased counterfeited items.
Innovative Technology and Human Resource Management
Authors: Soonthodu Sachin , Shetty Susheela
Published: September 2020

Technology plays a crucial role in inclusive growth of modern human management systems. Recruitment, hiring, training, retaining, workplace administration, and optimizing workforce environment are the major functions of human resources management. Adopting innovative technology within the organisation enables the managers to accumulate and deliver the information as well as communicate with employees more effectively. India, as one of the developed countries, is successfully integrating technology in human resource management systems to ensure market-driven product and service development. Technology makes jobs easy; at the same time, it threatens the job market by reducing the human resource requirement to perform particular tasks. An effective human resource management should have the ability to integrate technology and the human resource for the better development of an organisation. This theoretical study focuses on various technologies adopted by the human resource management to make the workplace effective and highly productive.
Women Managers and Generations
Authors: Tolani Kanchan Chandar , Bhadade Pritam , Patil Kavita , Shrivastava Archana
Published: September 2020

The number of women in organizations is increasing in most countries, but the representation of women in managerial positions is still disproportional. The percentage of women in leadership positions globally is only 29%. Grant Thornton annual survey 2019 reveals that India still ranks the fifth lowest in having women in managerial roles. Thus, though diversity at work is increasing, there are still fewer women in the boardroom. The main reason for this is the hurdles and obstacles that women managers face. The chapter studies the various obstacles faced by women managers. Also, it takes into account the role of generation and aims at comparing the hurdles faced by women managers belonging to Generations X and Y. The study is undertaken with special reference to the banking sector. Major findings reveal that there is a difference in obstacles faced by women managers belonging to Generations X and Y.
Internal Audit and Fraud
Authors: Chemingui Safa
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to study the role of the internal audit function in detecting and preventing fraud. First, this chapter will determine the notion and types of fraud on the one hand and the fraud triangle that companies face and that internal auditors try to detect and address on the other hand. Second, a description of the notion of internal audit will be provided, along with the specificities of this function at the heart of companies. The procedure of internal control and the fundamental principles leading to its effectiveness will be identified. In this regard, the authors analysed the profile of internal auditor. Therefore, an internal audit function with competent staff would generate a good system of internal control and is able to maintain the internal audit's ability to detect fraud. Finally, the role of the internal auditor in preventing fraud is analysed with reference to three dimensions: The first dimension is preemptive. The second dimension is social and ethical. The third dimension is the practical dimension.