bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural Phonology: Natural Classes and Processes
Authors: Eltaif Sua'ad Abd Ar-Rahman
Published: January 2024

Natural phonology is a linguistic theory developed by David Stampe and Patricia Donegan that seeks to explain the phonological patterns observed in human languages. The phonological processes are seen as natural and regular reactions to the limitations of the human vocal and auditory system. A natural class refers to a combination of segments which tend to behave similarly because they have features in common. The problem of this study is that NP heavily depends on theoretical arguments and introspection rather than empirical data. Only limited rules can categorize the natural classes and apply to features. This research aims at identifying the gist of the theory of natural phonology, clarifying its principles and processes. This study hypothesizes that there are no regular processes and there are phonological variation across languages. The model adopted of this study is Donegan and Stampe 1979. This study concludes that NP supposes that the samples of speech are governed by innate and universal set of phonological processes.
Necessitated Strategies and Skills in Learning Sight Translation
Authors: Hussein Gailan Mahmoud , Najim Hala Khalid
Published: January 2024

This paper studies Sight Translation (SiT) and how this type of translation is conducted to render a written text into a spoken message in the target language. It also highlights the most frequent strategies and skills that students need to perform SiT successfully. This paper focuses on the most significant stages of SiT, which are conducted sequentially. This paper reviews categories of SiT that can be seen in different contexts. This descriptive study presents details to illustrate the significant effectiveness of these strategies and how the students can employ their skills to overcome SiT problems. This paper explains this challenging task and the basic perspectives that are needed by the students to improve their performance in SiT.
Story (Collect Hailstones) With reference to Goldmanns Genetic structuralism
Authors: Ghafour Shno Ahmed
Published: January 2024

Pre-structural critical approaches sought to exclude the text from their fields of study, contenting themselves with making it a document that serves its historical, social, psychological and other goals. After that, the pioneers of structuralism focused in their beginnings on the inside of the text, trying to realize how the linguistic structures are interconnected, ignoring the internal structure of the text. Goldmanian structuralism presented itself as an alternative to formal structuralism. Goldman was inspired by sociological and philosophical ideas and reformulated them in line with his dialectical Marxist thought. Formative structuralism is based on revealing the relationship between the mentality of a particular social group and the overall structure of the literary work. In this research, we will try, based on the formative structuralism approach, in two main chapters, to answer what the concepts of formative structuralism are, and how and when did formative structuralism appear. As for the second chapter, the Goldmanian formative constructivism approach was applied in the story (Collect Hailstones) by (Mohsen Ahmed Omar). Analysis and interpretation of the parts of the story according to the Goldmannian method.
Mental processes and understanding of text structure
Authors: Mohammed Saleh Awat Ahmad , Mahmoud Dizayee Abdulwahid Mushier
Published: January 2024

The title of the research is (Mental processes and understanding of text structure) Mental processes are the events that go on in the brain from the time stimuli enter until the moment decisions are made and reactions to stimuli. We understand linguistic expressions in some way every day without realizing how this process is done. In understanding the text, the reader seeks to understand the intention of the sender, and this process is done in the mind. It depends on the individual's ability and scientific background Every individual is governed by the mind and our thoughts are evaluated by the mind, and the mind controls our decisions, so understanding this process expands our horizons of thinking and saves us from many problems. In this article, it is assumed that the area responsible for understanding plays a role in understanding, so our understandings will be different in the text. The second part is about the brain and understanding the text in a practical way with the conclusion and summary of the discussion in Arabic and English.
Attitudes of EFL University Students towards the Application of Cognitive Grammar to Teaching Selected Grammar Topics
Authors: Salih Abas Mohammed , Jawad Hoshang Farooq
Published: January 2024

This study is an attempt to investigate the attitude of EFL university students towards the application of Cognitive Grammar (henceforth CG) in the Kurdish context to teaching selected grammar topics, namely English tenses, passivization and modal auxiliary verbs. CG is an approach within the framework of Cognitive Linguistics (henceforth CL) to the meaning of grammatical structures and has two crucial guiding principles: the symbolic commitment and usage-based commitment. The study has used an attitude questionnaire as its data collection tool. Its participants were comprised of (27) EFL university students who had taken part in a 12-week course of Cognitive Grammar treatment focusing on the aforementioned grammatical phenomena. The data was analyzed descriptively through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS by finding the mean score, standard deviation and percentages of the respondents’ answers to the statements of the questionnaire. It was found that the participants generally had a positive attitude towards the application of CG to teaching the above-mentioned topics. The overall mean score of the questionnaire was (3.7680) which shows the students’ high agreement with the questionnaire’s items. It was also found that the approach had increased the students’ learning motivation and had a positive effect on the affective, behavioural and cognitive aspects of their attitude. The study has ended with some recommendations for further studies before being able to generalize the findings of the current study.
Investigating Strategic Cognitive Behavior In Simultaneous Interpreting of Collocation
Authors: Aalhajiahmed Mohammed Jasim
Published: January 2024

Simultaneous interpreting is regarded as a complex task as it entails comprehension of the source language, storage at the short-term memory and reproduction of the message according to target language norms. During SI, many concurrent cognitive processes take place to reflect the complex and demanding characteristics of the task. Due to this complexity, SI cause various problems for interpreters in all discourse levels which require online strategies to overcome these problems. The interpretation of collocations as being language-specific elements is considered among the major problems interpreters encounter during the interpreting task. The study aims at identifying the strategies applied by professional and student interpreters as well as studying the effect of directionality during rendering collocations in English-Arabic-English SI tasks. The study hypothesizes that collocations do not need much cognitive efforts if the interpreter is well acquainted with a great deal of them. Otherwise, s/he is very likely to face some difficulties and problems in translating them. The study is qualitatively analyzed according to Seleskovitch (1968) model which considers the transference of meaning is the interpreter’s main concern rather than transferring the linguistic elements between SL and TL. It also used Lörscher’s (1991) model to identify the strategies and the percentage of each strategy that was applied by the participants. The analysis showed that professionals were able to provide adequate renderings for collocations as they are ready made chunks that do not require great processing effort. Moreover, they used their experience and knowledge to apply the strategy of inference which was mainly used to derive the meaning of the collocation from the context while studentsresorted to literal translation and omitting the collocations which have negative effects on the their performance and consequently led to distort the process of interpreting.
Difficulties of Translating News Political Terms from English into Arabic and vice versa in Selected Newspapers
Authors: Ibrahim Hasan Salam , Shaban Ahmad Abdulkareem
Published: January 2024

This research deals with the role of translation in the political field in conveying the precise and objective meaning of political terms, and talks about the strategies, rules and techniques adopted by the translator to translate these terms. It highlights the difficulties translators face in translating political terms, which prevent them to produce the true meaning of those terms. The research was conducted through samples of the study represented by Arabic and English texts taken from news agencies and newspapers.

The research also shows the difference between the literal meaning and the implied meaning of the political term, through the theoretical use of an analytical descriptive approach. It includes about 10 selected political terms from political articles published in both Arabic and English in Al-Forat newspaper and the Al-Anbaa Iraqi News Agency, five terms for each.

The most important results are that samples are sometimes flexible and not biased towards a party or a particular point of view, and also the difficulty of translating political terms related to the audience and the original context. All of the above is explained by the samples under study, which we will see in the research.
How Reproducible Are Manual Therapy Interventions in Trials for Low Back Pain? A Scoping Review
Authors: Ruzich Jon J. , Klopper Mareli , Dohrmann Chris M. , Rhon Daniel I. , Young Jodi L.
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVES: To assess the reproducibility of manual therapy interventions used in clinical trials for low back pain (LBP), and summarize knowledge gaps in assessing the reproducibility of manual therapy interventions for LBP.

DESIGN: Scoping review.

LITERATURE SEARCH: PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Embase were searched for trials from inception through April 2023.

STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials were included if they described the use of manual therapy to treat LBP in adults 18 to 65 years old and were accessible in English.

DATA SYNTHESIS: The Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) checklist, used for exercise reporting, was previously modified for manual therapy reporting. This 11-item modified CERT was used to extract details of manual therapy reporting in the included trials. Frequency counts were calculated to identify items most and least commonly reported.

RESULTS: Of 128 trials, none reported all 11 items of the modified CERT. The most commonly reported items were the description of how the application of manual therapy was decided (n = 113, 88.3%) and a description of adjunct interventions provided (n = 82, 64.1%). The least reported items were the description of an associated home program (n = 27, 21.1%) and a detailed description of the application of manual therapy (n = 22, 17.2%).

CONCLUSION: Reporting of manual therapy interventions in trials investigating LBP was poor overall, limiting the reproducibility of these treatments. Using a checklist designed explicitly for manual therapy intervention reporting may improve reproducibility of these interventions and help align clinical outcomes with experimental findings. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2024;54(4):248-257. Epub 29 January 2024. doi:10.2519/jospt.2024.12201
Parasitoses intestinais e sua relação com a qualidade da água de consumo em comunidades remanescentes quilombola da região amazônica brasileira
Authors: Santos Denise Suéllen Amorim de Sousa , Tavares Ágatha Tereza Miranda , Batista Gabrielly Ketenen Costa , Coimbra Vanessa Brenda Silva , Vale Elivam Rodrigues , Sagica Fernanda do Espírito Santo , Silva Mônica Cristina de Moraes , Nunes Heloisa Marceliano , Morais Lena Líllian Canto de Sá
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar a ocorrência de parasitas intestinais e sua relação com a qualidade da água de consumo e os aspectos socioeconômicos e ambientais em três comunidades remanescentes quilombolas, no município de Acará, Pará, Brasil. Métodos: As variáveis socioeconômicas e ambientais foram coletadas por meio de questionário, os exames parasitológicos foram realizados pelo método direto e imunológico e os indicadores de qualidade da água pelo método do substrato enzimático. Resultados: O perfil socioeconômico apontou população predominantemente masculina, com ensino fundamental, desempregados e renda inferior a um salário mínimo. Foi observada a frequência de 55,86% de positividade para parasitas nas amostras fecais. As espécies mais frequentes foram T. trichiura, E. coli e E. histolytica, que assim como as outras espécies, são sinais de contaminação ambiental. Do total de amostras de água analisadas, 98,66% apresentaram resultado positivo para coliformes totais e 34,11% para Escherichia coli. As análises estatísticas mostraram influência da qualidade da água na positividade de parasitismo Conclusão: Esses resultados evidenciam como a falta de saneamento implica na relação saúde-doença de uma população.
Leishmaniose Visceral em crianças: aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos
Authors: Resende Marina Cleia de , Xavier Pedro Bezerra , Ferreira Mariana Angelica , Franco Richele Teixeira de Lima , Vilar Karina Tavares de Araújo , Cabral Ana Maria Barbosa , Abelleira Lígia Maria Melo Gurgel , Araújo Hedy-Lane Moura , Silva Thaís de Almeida da , Ferreira Fernanda Cruz Ramos
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: Esclarecer os aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos que envolvem a manifestação e progressão da leishmaniose visceral em crianças. Métodos: Estudo do tipo revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada entre novembro de 2022 e fevereiro de 2023, na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e na base de dados CAPES, empregando os descritores validados pelo DeCS/MeSH: Leishmaniose Visceral, Saúde da Criança e Epidemiologia. Foram aplicados filtros para artigos completos e disponíveis, com abordagem em documentos classificados como artigos científicos e publicados entre 2015 e 2023. A amostra da pesquisa envolveu um total de 62 artigos, sendo selecionados 11 após análise dos resumos. Resultados: A infecção causada pela leishmaniose visceral abrange uma variedade de aspectos clínicos, formas assintomáticas e manifestações graves com potencial letal. A suscetibilidade das crianças pode estar relacionada ao seu contato próximo com animais, como cães, em contraste com os adultos. Além disso, crianças em idade escolar tendem a apresentar maior prevalência de carência nutricional e sistema imunológico em desenvolvimento. Considerações finais: A detecção precoce da doença é crucial para possibilitar intervenções oportunas, reduzindo as chances de complicações graves. Os resultados desta pesquisa reforçam a importância de conscientizar e capacitar os profissionais de saúde.
Idioms in Evenk Folklore, Reflecting the Laws of Tribal Society
Authors: Варламов А.Н.
Published: January 2024

Публикация посвящена традициям искусства слова эвенков на примере тематической фразеологии в жанрах эвенкийского фольклора. В статье впервые анализируется бытование фразеологических единиц, отражающих социальные традиции родового общества, в устном народном творчестве эвенков. Целью исследования является систематизация фразеологических единиц, отражающих морально-нравственные нормы и законы родового общества эвенков, в жанрах нимнгакан (эпос, миф), улгур (предание) и обрядовом фольклоре. В междисциплинарном исследовании материалы языка и фольклора рассматриваются во взаимосвязи с социальными и этнографическими традициями этноса. Основу методики составляют приемы структурного и компонентного анализа, позволяющие представить наиболее точный (дословный) перевод фразеологизмов в соответствии с агглютинативной структурой эвенкийского языка. В результате исследования выявлены фразеологизмы эвенкийского языка, отражающие нормы и законы общественных отношений родового социума эвенков, такие как: первичность коллективной (родовой) принадлежности индивида, уважительное отношение к людям старшего возраста, Бориhи – помощь людям, неспособным самостоятельно вести хозяйство и Нимат – справедливое распределение добычи, запрет обвинения человека без веских на то оснований, негативное отношение к необоснованной межродовой вражде, неприятие нарушения преемственности поколений. Фразеологизмы в фольклорных текстах выполняют функцию сохранения и передачи комплекса знаний, выработанныхэтносом в процессе исторического развития и основанных на устойчивом положении этнического самосознания этноса, придающем импульс жизни всему спектру культурных традиций.
Phase segregation and nanoconfined fluid O2 in a lithium-rich oxide cathode
Authors: McColl Kit , Coles Samuel W. , Zarabadi–Poor Pezhman , Morgan Benjamin J. , Islam M. Saiful
Published: January 2024

Lithium-rich oxide cathodes lose energy density during cycling due to atomic disordering and nanoscale structural rearrangements, both of which are challenging to characterise. Here, we resolve the kinetics and thermodynamics of these processes in an exemplar layered Li-rich cathode, Li1.2–xMn0.8O2 by using a combined approach of ab initio molecular dynamics and cluster-expansion-based Monte Carlo simulations. We identify a kinetically accessible and thermodynamically favoured mechanism to form O2 molecules in the bulk, involving Mn migration and driven by interlayer oxygen dimerisation. At the top of charge the bulk structure locally phase-segregates into MnO2-rich regions and Mn-deficient nanovoids, which contain O2 molecules as a nanoconfined fluid. These nanovoids are connected in a percolating network, potentially allowing long-range oxygen transport, and linking bulk O2 formation to surface O2 loss. These insights highlight the importance of future strategies to kinetically stabilise the bulk structure of Li-rich O-redox cathodes to maintain their high energy densities.
Imaging poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) in vivo with 18F-labeled brain penetrant positron emission tomography (PET) ligand
Authors: Zhou Xin , Chen Jiahui , Patel Jimmy S. , Ran Wenqing , Li Yinlong , Van Richard S. , Ibrahim Mostafa M. H. , Zhao Chunyu , Gao Yabiao , Rong Jian , Chaudhary Ahmad F. , Li Guocong , Hu Junqi , Davenport April T. , Daunais James D. , Shao Yihan , Ran Chongzhao , Collier Thomas L. , Haider Ahmed , Schuster David M. , Levey Allan , Wang Lu , Corfas Gabriel , Liang Steven H.
Published: January 2024

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a multifunctional protein involved in diverse cellular functions, notably DNA damage repair. Pharmacological inhibition of PARP1 holds potential therapeutic benefits for various pathologies. Despite the current FDA approval of PARP inhibitors, challenges persist in achieving PARP1 selectivity and effective blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. The development of a PARP1-specific positron emission tomography (PET) ligand is crucial for disease biology and target occupancy studies, aiding the development of PARP1-specific inhibitors. In this study, we leverage the recently identified PARP1 inhibitor, AZD9574, to introduce the design and development of its 18F-isotopologue ([18F]5). Our comprehensive approach, encompassing pharmacological, cellular, autoradiographical, and in vivo PET imaging in non-human primates, demonstrates the capacity of [18F]5 for specific binding to PARP1 and successful penetration of the BBB. These findings position [18F]5 as a viable molecular imaging tool, poised to facilitate the exploration of physiopathological changes of PARP1 across various diseases.
Teaching statistics and chemometrics using an open source, free and graphical user interface software.
Authors: de Souza Junior Roberto Silva , Borges ENDLER MARCEl
Published: January 2024

This report aims to introduce the fundamental features of the JAMOVI software to academics in the chemistry field for use in undergraduate and graduate-level research. It is freeware with a graphical user interface (GUI) and it is written in the R language. The discussion began on descriptive statistics ( mean, median, range, skewness how to check data normality using hypothesis tests (Shapiro-Wilk, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Anderson-Darling tests). Then, some visual tools for checking data normality were presented (histograms, Q-Q plots, and boxplots). When the data normality was checked, two and more dependent means were compared using parametric tests (t test and ANOVA; Fisher’s). When the data was not normally distributed, nonparametric tests were used (Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests). When the data was paired and normally distributed, two and more than two group means were compared using the paired t-test and RMANOVA, respectively. Their nonparametric versions were also used (Wilcoxon and Friedman tests). Means comparisons were also carried out using boxplots and discriminant plots, which provide a visual interpretation beyond the p-values interpretation. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out using JAMOVI's plugin MEDA, which builds scores and loading plots. All tests and plots were done easily using JAMOVI's click-and-go interface.
Hydroalkylation of Unactivated Olefins with C(sp3)-H Com-pounds Enabled by NiH-Catalyzed Radical Relay
Authors: Shi Jiang-Ling , Wang Youcheng , Han Yufeng , Chen Jinqi , Pu Xiaolan , Xia Ying
Published: January 2024

The hydroalkylation reaction of olefins with alkanes is a highly desirable synthetic transformation for the construction of C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds. However, such transformation has proven to be challenging for unactivated olefins, particularly when the substrates are lack of directing groups or acidic C(sp3)-H bonds. Herein, we address this challenge by merging NiH-catalyzed radical relay strategy with a HAT (hydrogen atom transfer) process. In this catalytic system, a nucleophilic alkyl radical is generated from a C(sp3)-H compound in the presence of a HAT promotor, which couples with an alkyl metallic intermediate generated from the olefin substrate with a NiH catalyst to form the C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond. Notably, this approach represents the first case of transition-metal hydride-catalyzed hydroalkylation of unactivated olefins by employing C(sp3)-H compounds as the alkyl sources. Starting from easily available materials, the reaction not only demonstrates wide func-tional group compatibility but also provides hydroalkylation products with regiodivergency and excellent enantioselectivity through effective catalyst control under mild conditions.
Comprehensive Analysis of Penicillium Sclerotiorum: Biology, Secondary Metabolites, and Bioactive Compound potential- review
Authors: israt jahan , Yan Jian , Wang Yihan , Li Ping , Hussain Sarfaraz , Song Jiayi
Published: January 2024

The filamentous fungus Penicillium sclerotiorum is significant in the ecological and industrial domains due to its vast supply of secondary metabolites that have a diverse array of biological functions. We have gathered the metabolic potential and biological activities associated with P. sclerotiorum metabolites of various structures, based on extensive research of the latest literature. The review incorporated literature spanning from 2000 to 2023, drawing from reputable databases including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, among others. Ranging from azaphilones, meroterpenoids, polyketides, and peptides group exhibits fascinating potential pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects, holding promise in pharmaceutical and industrial sectors. Additionally, P. sclerotiorum showcases biotechnological potential through the production of enzymes like β-xylosidases, ß-D-Glucosidase and xylanases, pivotal in various industrial processes. This review underscores the need for further exploration into its genetic foundations and cultivation conditions to optimize the yield of valuable compounds and enzymes, highlighting the unexplored potential of Penicillium sclerotiorum in diverse applications across industries.
İran Kadın Hareketi'nin Ortaya Çıkışı ve Gelişimi
Authors: Tınas Rukiye , Erginbaş Tok Esin
Published: January 2024

1979 devrimi sonrasında doğan İranlı kadınlar, homojen ve örgütlü bir feminist harekete öncülük etmeseler de 1990’lı yıllardan itibaren farklı platformlarda bir araya gelerek resmî ideolojiye karşı antagonizma alanları inşa etmişlerdir. Buradan hareketle, bu makalede İran’da kadın hareketinin ortaya çıkışının ve feminist bir harekete doğru gelişiminin analizi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla İran’da kökenleri 19. yüzyıla kadar uzanan kadın hareketi incelenirken öncelikle tarihsel bağlamı kaçırmamak adına Kaçar ve Pehlevi hanedanlıkları döneminde kadın sorunu ve kadınların hak mücadeleleri konusu ele alınmıştır. Ardından 1979 Devrimi sürecinde ve Humeyni liderliğindeki İslam Cumhuriyeti’nde kadının rolü ve statüsüne ilişkin mücadelesi incelenmiştir. Bu temel üzerine İran kadın hareketinin gelişimi birbirini takip eden dört dönemde analize tabi tutulmuştur: 1) 1989-2005, İran’da kadınların eşit haklar mücadelesi ve İslami feminizm ortaya çıktığı dönem 2) 2005 yılında başlayan ve özellikle kadınlar üzerindeki iktidar baskısının arttığı yaklaşık dokuz yıllık dönem 3) Liberal bir havanın hissedildiği 2013 yılıyla başlayan ve 2022 yılında sona eren dönem 4) Mehsa Emini’nin ölümü üzerine protestoların gerçekleştiği 2022 yılı.
The Effect of Efficiency, Capital Adequacy and Liquidity on the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Indonesia with Foreign Share Ownership as Moderator
Authors: Hulu Adyanto Kurniawan , Siswanti Indra
Published: January 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of efficiency (BOPO), capital adequacy (CAR), and liquidity (LDR) on the financial performance of commercial banks with foreign share ownership as a moderator variable. This research was conducted on commercial banks included in the KBMI 3 and KBMI 4 categories with the research period 2017 -2022. The sampling technique used in this research is saturated sample with a total sample of 13 commercial banks. The results of this study indicate that efficiency (BOPO) has a significant negative effect on financial performance while capital adequacy, liquidity has no effect on financial performance. Furthermore, foreign share ownership is able to moderate the effect of capital adequacy on financial performance but has not been able to moderate the effect of independent variables efficiency and liquidity on the financial performance of KBMI 3 and KBMI 4 category banks.
Exploration of The Factors Influencing Customer Perspectives And Intention Regarding Digital Bancassurance
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Nawaz
Published: January 2024

A considerable trend towards digitization in the banking and insurance industries havegiven rise to a new concept called "digital Bancassurance," in which insurance products are made available through banking systems. For financial institutions looking to optimize their service offerings and boost customer satisfaction in this changing landscape, it is essential to understand the elements that influencecustomer perspective and intentionstowards digital Bancassurance.This study intends to look into and pinpoint the variables influencingcustomerperspectiveand intentions towards digital Bancassurance. It aims to identify the fundamental forces influencing consumer perceptions regarding unified banking and insurance services in the digital environment.Rarestudy has been done to understand the precise elements that influence consumers' decisions to adopt digital Bancassuranceor not. By examining many facets that influence consumer perceptions and behavioral intentions in the context of digital Bancassurance, this study seeks to close this gap.In-depth interviews and focus groups will be used to collect qualitative data in order to collect various client opinions.Thematic analysis has been performed as a tool to evaluate the interview transcripts. The delivery and consumption of financial services have changed as a result of the development of digital technology. Digital platforms that combine banking and insurance services have the ability to change client preferences and experiences.
Review of Ban Chiang, Northeast Thailand, Volume 2 (2A, 2B, 2C, 2D)
Authors: Lertchanrit Thanik
Published: January 2024

White, Joyce C. and Elizabeth G. Hamilton (editors). 2018. Ban Chiang, Northeast Thailand, Volume 2A: Background to the Study of the Metal Remains. University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archae¬ology and Anthropology, Philadelphia. 265 pages.
White, Joyce C. and Elizabeth G. Hamilton (editors). 2018. Ban Chiang, Northeast Thailand, Volume 2B: Metals and Related Evidence from Ban Chiang, Ban Tong, Ban Phak Top, and Don Klang. University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia. 264 pages.
White, Joyce C. and Elizabeth G. Hamilton (editors). 2019. Ban Chiang, Northeast Thailand, Volume 2C: The Metal Remains in Regional Context. University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia. 218 pages.
White, Joyce C. and Elizabeth G. Hamilton (editors). 2021. Ban Chiang, Northeast Thailand, Volume 2D: Catalogs for Metals and Related Remains from Ban Chiang, Ban Tong, Ban Phak Top, and Don Klang. University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia. 312 pages.
Upaya meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas xi materi passing sepak bola melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe student teams achievement division
Authors: Fajar Muhammad , Janwar Muhammad , Ismail Agus
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan hasil belajar passing dalam permainan sepak bola melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD pada siswa kelas XI IPA 2 SMA Negeri 2 Jeneponto. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dua siklus menerapkan model pembelajaran STAD. Sebanyak 23 peserta didik kelas XI IPA 2 SMA Negeri 2 Jeneponto menjadi subjek. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes passing dinilai menggunakan pedoman observasi sesuai indikator melakukan passing pada sepakbola. Analisis data menggunakan deskriptif statistik. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan ketuntasan peserta didik mulai dari data awal yaitu 43% berubah menjadi 61% di siklus I dan 100% di siklus II. Hal tersebut membuktikan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik materi sepakbola.
Rol del psicólogo en la unidad de cuidados intensivos
Authors: Becerra Monica Andrea , Herrera Isaza Laura
Published: January 2024

La Psicología de la Salud es un área de la psicología que se encarga de evaluar el estado psicológico que acompaña los procesos de enfermedad y/o tratamientos médicos, y examina la relación entre factores comportamentales, cognitivos, ambientales, sociales y psicofisiológicos con el establecimiento y mantenimiento de la salud (American Psychological Association [APA], 2022). Al evaluar estos componentes, la psicología de la salud busca promover el bienestar desde una perspectiva integral para la vida del individuo. Esta rama puede abordar diferentes etapas y necesidades del proceso de enfermedad y salud por medio del acompañamiento a los pacientes. En el ámbito hospitalario, el psicólogo puede tener funciones y roles en cada servicio, como la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, la hospitalización en estancia general y urgencias. Teniendo en cuenta que la psicología está aumentando su presencia en el área de la salud, el presente texto tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre el rol del psicólogo en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) de un hospital. Para lograrlo, se explican las funciones del psicólogo en la UCI y se analizan retos y oportunidades de aprendizaje.
RESIDUAL CONTENTS OF SELECTED HEAVY METALS IN COMMERCIAL CANNED FISH IN EGYPT: DIETARY INTAKES AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
Authors: Morshdy Alaa Eldin , Hussein Mohamed , Darwish Wageh , Yousef Rawayeh , Tharwat Ahmed
Published: January 2024

Abstract: Canned fish is considered as an important fish product that can supply humans with part of their needs from essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. However, canned fish might become a source of human exposure to xenobiotics such as heavy metals. This study aimed to estimate the residual contents of six heavy metals, namely lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), aluminum (Al), and tin (Sn) in four kinds of commercially purchased canned fish products from Zagazig city, Egypt. Eighty imported samples including canned anchovies, canned mackerel, canned sardine, and canned tuna (20 samples/each canned fish product) were examined. Besides, we calculated the estimated daily intakes (EDI), and potential health risks, hazard quotient (HQ), and hazard index (HI), of the examined heavy metals associated with the consumption of such fish products among Egyptian population. The obtained results revealed residual concentrations of the tested heavy metals higher than the established maximum permissible limits (MPL) by European Commission for Pb in 20%, 95%, and 100% of the examined canned anchovies, sardine, and tuna, respectively. Whereas, 80%, 100%, 100%, and 100% of the examined canned anchovies, mackerel, sardine, and tuna, respectively exceeded MPL of As. None of the examined samples exceeded MPL of Cd, Hg, Al, and Sn. The calculated HQ and HI for the examined heavy metals based on the daily intakes revealed values greater than 1.0 indicating potential human health risks. Therefore, it is highly advisable to reduce our daily intake of canned fish. Keywords: Heavy metals; canned fish, estimated daily intakes; health risk assessment; Egypt
EVALUATING THE EFFICACY OF A POLYVALENT INFECTIOUS CORYZA VACCINE AGAINST EMERGING AVIBACTERIUM PARAGALLINARUM SEROTYPES IN EGYPT
Authors: Assad Mahmoud , Abd El-Aziz Norhan , El-Naenaeey El-sayed , Hefny Ahmed , Sewid Alaa
Published: January 2024

Infectious coryza (IC), an acute respiratory disease of chickens, is caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum (A. paragallinarum). Herein, we evaluated the efficacy of a polyvalent oil adjuvant IC vaccine against the circulating A. paragallinarum field isolates recovered from chickens in Egypt. Thirty two A. paragallinarum isolates were recovered from 165 chicken samples (19.39%) then identified by phenotypic and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Serotyping by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test revealed the identification of both serotypes A and C. The results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing affirmed that all A. paragallinarum isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) with multiple antimicrobial resistance (MAR) indices ranged from 0.6 to 0.8. Protection of chickens against A. paragallinarum field isolates of serotypes A and C using polyvalent inactivated oil adjuvant vaccine was evaluated followed by bacterial challenge. An experimental study of 90 specific-pathogen-free (SPF) White Leghorn chickens (8-weeks-old) was divided into nine groups; three groups served as non-vaccinated challenged, five groups were used for vaccine evaluation, and the last one was non-vaccinated and non-challenged group. Serum samples were collected regularly during 91 days post 1st vaccination to evaluate the immune response based on the HI antibody titer. The effective protection of the polyvalent inactivated vaccine against the drug resistant field isolates was indicated by the antibody titers that reached the maximum levels at the 5th week post vaccination. Moreover, 80 to 90% survivability percentages were recorded for A. paragallinarum serotypes C, and A field isolates, respectively. A strong positive correlation (R = 0.9628, P < 0.001) was found between the mean HI titer and the level of protection against the challenge. Furthermore, low level of bacterial shedding post-vaccination along with bacterial counts below the infectious dose (2x102 - 6x103 CFU/mL) implying the role of vaccine in decreasing the chance of infection. Evidence from this study confirmed the effective protection of IC vaccine as a proper prophylactic tool against MDR A. paragallinarum field isolates of serotypes A and C.
IDENTIFICATION OF FORENSICALLY IMPORTANT INSECTS ON ATRAZINE-INTOXICATED RAT CARCASSES AT DIFFERENT DECOMPOSITION STAGES DUR-ING SUMMER SEASON
Authors: Saber Taghred M. , Hassanen Eman A. A. , Anter Reham G. A. , Farag Mayada R. , Saber Taisir , Imam Tamer S.
Published: January 2024

This study was designed to assess the effect of atrazine, the most commonly used herbicide in Egypt, on the decay process of intoxicated rat carrions and their associated forensically important insects during the summer season. Six Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into groups. Cervical dislocation was used for killing the 1st group, and served as the control, whereas atrazine intoxication was utilized to kill the 2nd group. Control carcasses decomposed quickly, taking only 19 days to reach the skeletal stage. Decay of atrazine-intoxicated carrions was delayed since they reached the skeletal stage in 30 days. In addition, a delay in the colonization of insect fauna for atrazine-intoxicated carcasses was observed. The predominant necrophagous arthropods involved in the decomposition process were the orders Diptera and Coleoptera. The insect family Calliphoridae was the first to colonize the corpses and persisted until the beginning of the advanced decay stage. The results revealed that atrazine affected the succession pattern of carrion-feeding insects. In the control group, Dipteran insects were the most dominant insects (57.14%), and then Coleopteran insects were the following ones (42.85%). While the atrazine-intoxicated group showed 42.85% for insects of order Diptera and 57.14% for Coleoptera. This work suggested that the atrazine intoxication affected the decomposition process of rat carrions and their related arthropod fauna during the summer season, which could aid in the future forensic investigations of suspected pesticide poisoning.
INCIDENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF Escherichia coli IN FAST FOOD WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTS OF CINNAMON AND OREGANO ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST E. coli O157:H7 IN MINCED MEAT
Authors: Morshdy Alaa Eldin M. A. , Hussein Mohamed A. , Merwad Abdallah M.A. , El. Lawendy Hanan M. , Mohamed Afaf H. , Saber Taisir
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to investigate the incidence and phenotypic and genotypic resistance of Escherichia coli isolates recovered from fast food in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, as well as to evaluate the cinnamon and oregano essential oils treatments for inoculated minced meat with E. coli serotype O157:H7. The highest incidence of E. coli was found to be 44% in smoked herring, followed by kofta (40%), shawarma (36%), sausage (32%) and fried shrimp (24%). E. coli isolates were serotyped into O157:H7 (12.5%) and O128:H2 (12.5%) from kofta samples, O125:H21(25%) from both of sausage and fried shrimp, O119:H6 (12.5%) and O86a:H3 (12.5%) from shawarma; and O158:H7 (25%) from smoked herring. Six isolates belonging to E. coli serotypes O157, O158, O119, O128, O125 and O86a showed maximum resistance (100%) to erythromycin, gentamicin, cefepime, streptomycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline. Moreover, 4 E. coli strains belonging to O157, O128, O125 and O86a serotypes showed moderate resistance (66.7%) to ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim. The resistance genes including blaTEM, aadA1 and mphA were detected with a percentage of 100% in the six investigated isolates phenotypically resistant to ampicillin, gentamicin and erythromycin, respectively. The average count of E. coli serotype O157:H7 after 0.5-hour of dipping in essential oils (EOs) from oregano 2% (3.52 ±0.16) showed a significant decrease in comparison with that of the control. The average counts of E. coli serotype O157:H7 and reduction percentages after one hour of dipping in EOs from oregano 2% (3.41± 0.99, 48.4%); and in EOs from cinnamon 2% (3.74 ±0.13, 43.4%) showed a significant decrease when compared with that of the control. Our study clarified that the average counts of E. coli O157:H7 after one hour of dipping in EOs from oregano 2% and cinnamon 2% were significantly reduced when compared with those counts after dipping in EOs from oregano 1% and cinnamon 1%, respectively. The present study confirmed that cinnamon 2% and oregano 2% had powerful antibacterial activities against E. coli O175: H7 recovered from ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products and prevent food poisoning.
Association of TCF7L2 Gene Polymorphism With Non Obesetype 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Javanese Population
Authors: Yuniastuti Ari , Susanti R , Nugrahaningsih Nugrahaningsih , R Rahmatika Saputri
Published: January 2024

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin deficiency due to inadequate insulin secretion or decreased tissue response to insulin at one or more points. Three important factors that influence the pathogenesis of type 2 DM are individual factors or ethnic genetics, factors of pancreatic β cell damage and insulin resistance factors. The TCF7L2 gene is a gene that codes for TCF7L2 protein, a group of proteins that act as transcription factors in the Wnt signal pathway. TCF7L2 gene polymorphism occurs when cytosine is replaced with thymine in the intron 3 position in wild-type due to alternative splicing.The purpose study was to determine the frequency of TCF7L2 gene polymorphism in Javanese type 2 non-obese DM patients in Semarang. Detection of TCF7L2 gene polymorphism was carried out on 49 people with type 2 non-obese DM patients and 38 people not with type 2 DM using the PCR-RFLP method. The restriction enzyme used is Rsa1. The allele frequency of TCF7L2 gene polymorphism was analyzed by Chi-square and analysis of sample characteristics was carried out with Odds Ratio. The results showed that there were significant differences in the allele frequency of TCF7L2 gene polymorphism and in the characteristics of age, KGD and systole between case subjects and control subjects. From this study it was concluded that TCF7L2 gene polymorphism is associated with the type 2 DM through interactions between genetic factors (T allele) and life style.
Echinoderms as a Bioindicator of Water Quality of Weda Waters, Central Halmahera District
Authors: Juniartin Juniartin , Tabaika Rosita , Umagap Wirda Az , Muna Lintal
Published: January 2024

Echinoderms are deposit feeders that digest most of the sediment. Echinoderms are also good aquatic bioindicators, because Echinodermata are relatively calm or have low mobility, so they are highly influenced by environmental factors. This study aimed to determine the community structure of Echinoderms and their distribution relationship with several aquatic physico-chemical factors. Echinodermata sampling was carried out using the belt transect method using three stations. Data were collected in the form of the number of echinoderms in the transect and physico-chemical parameters of the waters including temperature, salinity, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate. From the results of research at three station points in the waters of Weda waters, 9 species of Echinodermata were found, namely Protoreaster nodosus, Linckia laevigata, Culcita novaeguineae, Diadema setosum, Diadema savigny, Echinometra mathaei, Tripneusteus gratilla, Holothuria atra, Holothuria edulis which were grouped into 3 classes, 4 orders, 6 families, and 7 genera with a total of 139 individuals. The diversity index of Echinodermata in Weda waters was classified as moderate with an average value of 1.05, the uniformity index was classified as moderate with an average value of 0.56, and the average dominance index value was 0.28 meaning that no species dominated
PERAN ORANGTUA DAN MATA PELAJARAN PRODUK KREATIF & KEWIRAUSAHAAN SEBAGAI DETERMINAN KOMPETENSI KEWIRAUSAHAAN SISWA
Authors: Kanzu Ahmad , Khusaini Khusaini , Latuconsina Hudaya
Published: January 2024

Kegiatan wirausaha berperan penting bagi perkonomian Indonesia dan memiliki pengaruh yang kuat terhadap produk domestik bruto (PDB) dan penyerapan tenaga kerja di dalam negeri. Kompetensi wirausaha berperan penting dalam menciptakan seorang pengusaha yang sukses salah satu yang mempengaruhinya yaitu peran orangtua dan juga pendidikan kewirausahaan melalui mata pelajaran produk kreatif dan kewirausahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan  untuk menguji pengaruh peran orangtua siswa dan mata pelajaran produk kreatif dan kewirausahaan terhadap kompetensi kewirausahaan siswa di SMK Patriot Nusantara Teluknaga Kabupaten Tangerang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan ukuran sampel sebanyak 77 siswa/i kelas 11 dan 12 di SMK Patriot Nusantara. Adapun model analisis yang digunakan yaitu model regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan peran orangtua dan Mata Pelajaran Produk Kreatif & Kewirausahaan terhadap kompetensi kewirausahaan siswa, dengan kata lain semakin tinggi peran orangtua dan semakin baik pemahaman, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan mata pelajaran Produk Kreatif dan Kewirausahaan maka kompetensi kewirausahaan siswa akan mengalami peningkatan. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi empiris kepada orangtua hendaknya mengambil peranan sekaligus arahan dalam penguasaan kompetensi kewiraushaaan. Selanjutnya bagi guru hendaknya meningkatkan kontribusinya dalam pembelajaran yang berorientasi kepada peningkatan kompetensi kewirausahaan. Kata Kunci: Kompetensi, Orang tua, Produk Kreatif dan Kewirausahaan.
A Multicentric Comparative Study Between Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty and Open Pyeloplasty in Children with Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction
Authors: AL-Ameedee Mohammad Abdul-Raheem Ali , Haider Shakir j Al-Ghamin
Published: January 2024

.Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty with its pediatric application was first described by (Peters et al.,1995), from that time till now the surgical hand skill has evolved lead to speed up the operation with Laparoscopy continue to show a preference for the transperitoneal approach, but the feasibility of retroperitoneoscopic pyeloplasty has also been demonstrated effective results.
Aim of the study: To compare the Laparoscopic and Open Pyeloplasty in the management of Pediatric Patients with Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction.
Patients & methods: Multicentric comparative prospective study concluded from 1st of October 2018 till 1st of October 2020, fifty patients enrolled in the study. 20 patients (12 male,8 female) undergo LP pyeloplasty with mean age is 11.5 years old in Al_Diwaniya teaching hospital,30 patients (21 male,9 female) undergo OP pyeloplasty with mean age is 4 years old in Al_Diwaniyah teaching hospital and Al_Sader Medical city.
Results: The operative time in the LP group was found longer than the OP group (with a mean difference 30min.), with no organ injury, no conversion to OP pyeloplasty, with comparable hospital stay between two groups, less pain, and better cosmetic’s acceptance for LP group.
 Conclusion:  Short-term outcome of LP pyeloplasty is comparable to OP pyeloplasty regarding hospital stay, no organ injury, no conversion, less analgesic requirement, and better cosmetics acceptance, which can consider promising gold standard surgical intervention for the repair of UPJO nowadays particularly in pediatric patients