bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unraveling water monitoring association towards weather attributes for response proportions data: A unit-Lindley learning
Authors: Ferreira Paulo H. , Fonseca Anderson O. , Nascimento Diego C. , Bonnail Estefania , Louzada Francisco
Published: October 2022

Learning techniques involve unraveling regression structures, which aim to analyze in a probabilistic frame the associations across variables of interest. Thus, analyzing fraction and/or proportion data may not be adequate with standard regression procedures, since the linear regression models generally assume that the dependent (outcome) variable is normally distributed. In this manner, we propose a statistical model called unit-Lindley regression model, for the purpose of Statistical Process Control (SPC). As a result, a new control chart tool was proposed, which targets the water monitoring dynamic, as well as the monitoring of relative humidity, per minute, of Copiapó city, located in Atacama Desert (one of the driest non-polar places on Earth), north of Chile. Our results show that variables such as wind speed, 24-hour temperature variation, and solar radiation are useful to describe the amount of relative humidity in the air. Additionally, Information Visualization (InfoVis) tools help to understand the time seasonality of the water particle phenomenon of the region in near real-time analysis. The developed methodology also helps to label unusual events, such asCamanchaca, and other water monitoring-related events.
Mind the gap: Distributed practice enhances performance in a MOBA game
Authors: Vardal Ozan , Bonometti Valerio , Drachen Anders , Wade Alex , Stafford Tom
Published: October 2022

Understanding how humans master complex skills has the potential for wide-reaching societal benefit. Research has shown that one important aspect of effective skill learning is the temporal distribution of practice episodes (i.e., distributed practice). Using a large observational sample of players (n= 162,417) drawn from a competitive and popular online game (League of Legends), we analysed the relationship between practice distribution and performance through time. We compared groups of players who exhibited different play schedules using data slicing and machine learning techniques, to show that players who cluster gameplay into shorter time frames ultimately achieve lower performance levels than those who space their games across longer time windows. Additionally, we found that the timing of intensive play periods does not affect final performance—it is the overall amount of spacing that matters. These results extend some of the key findings in the literature on practice and learning to an ecologically valid environment with hugen. We discuss our work in relation to recent studies that have examined practice effects using Big Data and suggest solutions for salient confounds.
Risk factors and recurrence of cause-specific postpartum hemorrhage: A population-based study
Authors: Linde Lorentz Erland , Rasmussen Svein , Moster Dag , Kessler Jörg , Baghestan Elham , Gissler Mika , Ebbing Cathrine
Published: October 2022

Objective

To explore risk profiles of the different types of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH >500ml or severe PPH >1500ml) and their recurrence risks in a subsequent delivery.

Methods

With data from The Medical Birth Registry of Norway and Statistics Norway we performed a population-based cohort study including all singleton deliveries in Norway from 1967–2017. Multilevel logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratio (OR), with 95% confidence interval (CI), with different PPH types (PPH >500ml or PPH >1500ml (severe PPH) combined with retained placenta, uterine atony, obstetric trauma, dystocia, or undefined cause) as outcomes.

Result

We identified 277 746 PPH cases of a total of 3 003 025 births (9.3%) from 1967 to 2017. Retained placenta (and/or membranes) was most often registered as severe PPH (29.3%). Maternal, fetal, and obstetric characteristics showed different associations with the PPH types. Male sex of the neonate was associated with reduced risk of PPH. This effect was strongest on PPH due to retained placenta (adjusted OR, (aOR): 0.80, 95% CI 0.78–0.82), atony (aOR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.90–0.93) and PPH with undefined cause (aOR 0.96, 95% CI: 0.95–0.97). Previous cesarean section showed a strong association with PPH due to dystocia (aOR of 13.2, 95% CI: 12.5–13.9). Recurrence risks were highest for the same type: PPH associated with dystocia (aOR: 6.8, 95% CI: 6.3–7.4), retained placenta and/or membranes (aOR: 5.9, 95% CI: 5.5–6.4), atony (aOR: 4.0, 95% CI: 3.8–4.2), obstetric trauma (aOR: 3.9, 95% CI: 3.5–4.3) and PPH of undefined cause (aOR: 2.2, 95% CI: 2.1–2.3).

Conclusion

Maternal, fetal and obstetric characteristics had differential effects on types of PPH. Recurrence differed considerably between PPH types. Retained placenta was most frequently registered with severe PPH, and showed strongest effect of sex; delivery of a boy was associated with lower risk of PPH. Previous cesarean increased the risk of PPH due to dystocia.
Otolith geochemistry reflects life histories of Pacific bluefin tuna
Authors: Mohan John A. , Dewar Heidi , Snodgrass Owyn E. , Miller Nathan R. , Tanaka Yosuke , Ohshimo Seiji , Rooker Jay R. , Francis Malcom , Wells R. J. David
Published: October 2022

Understanding biological and environmental factors that influence movement behaviors and population connectivity of highly migratory fishes is essential for cooperative international management and conservation of exploited populations, like bluefin tuna. Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis (PBT) spawn in the western Pacific Ocean and then juveniles disperse to foraging grounds across the North Pacific. Several techniques have been used to characterize the distribution and movement of PBT, but few methods can provide complete records across ontogeny from larvae to adult in individual fish. Here, otolith biominerals of large PBT collected from the western, eastern, and south Pacific Ocean, were analyzed for a suite of trace elements across calcified/proteinaceous growth zones to investigate patterns across ontogeny. Three element:Ca ratios, Li:Ca, Mg:Ca, and Mn:Ca displayed enrichment in the otolith core, then decreased to low stable levels after age 1–2 years. Thermal and metabolic physiologies, common diets, or ambient water chemistry likely influenced otolith crystallization, protein content, and elemental incorporation in early life. Although similar patterns were also exhibited for otolith Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca and Zn:Ca in the first year, variability in these elements differed significantly after age-2 and in the otolith edges by capture region, suggesting ocean-specific environmental factors or growth-related physiologies affected otolith mineralization across ontogeny.
Pneumococcal vaccination uptake and missed opportunities for vaccination among Canadian adults: A cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA)
Authors: Sulis Giorgia , Rodrigue Valérie , Wolfson Christina , McMillan Jacqueline M. , Kirkland Susan A. , Andrew Melissa K. , Basta Nicole E.
Published: October 2022

Introduction

In Canada, pneumococcal vaccination is recommended to all adults aged ≥65 and those <65 who have one or more chronic medical conditions (CMCs). Understanding vaccine uptake and its determinants among eligible groups has important implications for reducing the burden of pneumococcal disease.

Methods

Using data from a large national cohort of Canadian residents aged ≥47 years between 2015–2018, we calculated self-reported pneumococcal vaccine uptake among eligible groups, estimated associations between key factors and non-vaccination, assessed missed opportunities for vaccination (MOV) and examined risk factors for MOV. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for relevant associations were estimated through logistic regression.

Results

45.8% (95% CI: 45.2–46.5) of 22,246 participants aged ≥65 and 81.3% (95% CI: 80.5–82.0) of 10,815 individuals aged 47–64 with ≥1 CMC reported never having received a pneumococcal vaccine. Receipt of influenza vaccination in the previous year was associated with the lowest odds of pneumococcal non-vaccination (aOR = 0.14 [95% CI: 0.13–0.15] for older adults and aOR = 0.23 [95% CI: 0.20–0.26] for those aged 47–64 with ≥1 CMC). Pneumococcal vaccine uptake was also more likely in case of contact with a family doctor in the previous year (versus no contact), increased with age and varied widely across provinces. Among individuals recently vaccinated against influenza, 32.6% (95% CI: 31.9–33.4) of those aged ≥65 and 71.1% (95% CI: 69.9–72.3) of those aged 47–64 with ≥1 CMC missed an opportunity to get a pneumococcal vaccine. Among individuals who had contact with a family doctor, 44.8% (95% CI: 44.1–45.5) of those aged ≥65 and 80.4% (95% CI: 79.6–81.2) of those aged 47–64 with ≥1 CMC experienced a MOV.

Conclusions

Pneumococcal vaccine uptake remains suboptimal among at-risk Canadian adults who are eligible for vaccination. Further research is needed to clarify the reasons behind missed opportunities for vaccination and adequately address the main barriers to pneumococcal vaccination.
Assessment of miR-103a-3p in leukocytes—No diagnostic benefit in combination with the blood-based biomarkers mesothelin and calretinin for malignant pleural mesothelioma diagnosis
Authors: Jiménez-Ramírez Carmina , Gilbert Weber Daniel , Aguilar-Madrid Guadalupe , Brik Alexander , Juárez-Pérez Cuauhtémoc Arturo , Casjens Swaantje , Raiko Irina , Brüning Thomas , Johnen Georg , Cabello-López Alejandro
Published: October 2022

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a cancer associated with asbestos exposure and its diagnosis is challenging due to the moderate sensitivities of the available methods. In this regard, miR-103a-3p was considered to increase the sensitivity of established biomarkers to detect MPM. Its behavior and diagnostic value in the Mexican population has not been previously evaluated. In 108 confirmed MPM cases and 218 controls, almost all formerly exposed to asbestos, we quantified miR-103-3a-3p levels in leukocytes using quantitative Real-Time PCR, together with mesothelin and calretinin measured in plasma by ELISA. Sensitivity and specificity of miR-103-3a-3p alone and in combination with mesothelin and calretinin were determined. Bivariate analysis was performed using Mann-WhitneyUtest and Spearman correlation. Non-conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate the area under curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity for the combination of biomarkers. Mesothelin and calretinin levels were higher among cases, remaining as well among males and participants ≤60 years old (only mesothelin). Significant differences for miR-103a-3p were observed between male cases and controls, whereas significant differences between cases and controls for mesothelin and calretinin were observed in men and women. At 95.5% specificity the individual sensitivity of miR-103a-3p was 4.4% in men, whereas the sensitivity of mesothelin and calretinin was 72.2% and 80.9%, respectively. Positive correlations for miR-103a-3p were observed with age, environmental asbestos exposure, years with diabetes mellitus, and glucose levels, while negative correlations were observed with years of occupational asbestos exposure, creatinine, erythrocytes, direct bilirubin, and leukocytes. The addition of miR-103a-3p to mesothelin and calretinin did not increase the diagnostic performance for MPM diagnosis. However, miR-103a-3p levels were correlated with several characteristics in the Mexican population.
An inventory of European data sources to support pharmacoepidemiologic research on neurodevelopmental outcomes in children following medication exposure in pregnancy: A contribution from the ConcePTION project
Authors: Given Joanne , Bromley Rebecca L. , Coste Florence , Lopez-Leon Sandra , Loane Maria
Published: October 2022

Background

Studies on medication safety in pregnancy are increasingly focusing on child neurodevelopmental outcomes. Establishing neurodevelopmental safety is complex due to the range of neurodevelopmental outcomes and the length of follow-up needed for accurate assessment. The aim of this study was to provide an inventory of European data sources for use in pharmacoepidemiologic studies investigating neurodevelopment following maternal medication exposure.

Method

The EUROmediSAFE inventory of data sources in Europe for evaluating perinatal and long-term childhood risks associated with in-utero exposure to medication was updated by contacting colleagues across 31 European countries, literature review and internet searches. Included data sources must record at least one neurodevelopmental outcome and maternal medication use in pregnancy must be available, either in the data source itself or through linkage with another data source. Information on the domain of neurodevelopment, measure/scale used and the approach to measurement were recorded for each data source.

Results

Ninety data sources were identified across 14 countries. The majority (63.3%) were created for health surveillance and research with the remaining serving administrative purposes (21.1% healthcare databases,15.6% other administrative databases). Five domains of neurodevelopment were identified—infant development (36 data sources,13 countries), child behaviour (27 data sources, 10 countries), cognition (29 data sources, 12 countries), educational achievement (20 data sources, 7 countries), and diagnostic codes for neurodevelopmental disorders (42 data sources, 11 countries). Thirty-nine data sources, in 12 countries, had information on more than one domain of neurodevelopment.

Conclusion

This inventory is invaluable to future studies planning to investigate the neurodevelopmental impact of medication exposures during pregnancy. Caution must be used when combining varied approaches to neurodevelopment outcome measurement, the age of children in the data source, and the sensitivity and specificity of the outcome measure selected should be borne in mind.
N-terminal peptide fragment constitutes core of amyloid deposition of serum amyloid A: An imaging mass spectrometry study
Authors: Shintani-Domoto Yukako , Sugiura Yuki , Ogawa Makiko , Sugiyama Eiji , Abe Hiroyuki , Sakatani Takashi , Ohashi Ryuji , Ushiku Tetsuo , Fukayama Masashi
Published: October 2022

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase protein, which undergoes structural changes and deposits in the extracellular matrix, causing organ damage. Systemic AA amyloidosis is a relatively common amyloid subtype among the more than 30 amyloid subtypes, but the mechanism of amyloid fibril formation remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the tissue distribution of SAA derived peptides in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) specimens of human myocardium with amyloidosis using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS). In the whole SAA protein, four trypsin-digested peptides in the range of SAA2-67 were visualized and the N-terminal peptide; SAA2-15, was selectively localized in the Congo red-positive region. The C-terminal peptides; SAA47-62, SAA48-62, and SAA63-67 were detected not only in the Congo red-positive region but also in the surrounding negative region. Our results demonstrate that the N-terminal SAA2-15 plays a critical role in the formation of AA amyloid fibril, as previously reported. Roles of the C-terminal peptides require further investigation.
The role of depression in secondary HIV transmission among people who inject drugs in Vietnam: A mathematical modeling analysis
Authors: Levintow Sara N. , Pence Brian W. , Sripaipan Teerada , Ha Tran Viet , Chu Viet Anh , Quan Vu Minh , Latkin Carl A. , Go Vivian F. , Powers Kimberly A.
Published: October 2022

Background

Among people who inject drugs (PWID), depression burden is high and may interfere with HIV prevention efforts. Although depression is known to affect injecting behaviors and HIV treatment, its overall impact on HIV transmission has not been quantified. Using mathematical modeling, we sought to estimate secondary HIV transmissions and identify differences by depression among PWID.

Methods

We analyzed longitudinal data from 455 PWID living with HIV in Vietnam during 2009–2013. Using a Bernoulli process model with individual-level viral load and behavioral data from baseline and 6-month follow-up visits, we estimated secondary HIV transmission events from participants to their potentially susceptible injecting partners. To evaluate differences by depression, we compared modeled transmissions per 1,000 PWID across depressive symptom categories (severe, mild, or no symptoms) in the three months before each visit.

Results

We estimated a median of 41.2 (2.5th, 97.5th percentiles: 33.2–49.2) secondary transmissions from all reported acts of sharing injection equipment with 833 injecting partners in the three months before baseline. Nearly half (41%) of modeled transmissions arose from fewer than 5% of participants in that period. Modeled transmissions per 1,000 PWID in that period were highest for severe depressive symptoms (100.4, 80.6–120.2) vs. mild (87.0, 68.2–109.4) or no symptoms (78.9, 63.4–94.1). Transmission estimates fell to near-zero at the 6-month visit.

Conclusions

Secondary transmissions were predicted to increase with depression severity, although most arose from a small number of participants. Our findings suggest that effective depression interventions could have the important added benefit of reducing HIV transmission among PWID.
Appendiceal microbiome in uncomplicated and complicated acute appendicitis: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Vanhatalo Sanja , Munukka Eveliina , Kallonen Teemu , Sippola Suvi , Grönroos Juha , Haijanen Jussi , Hakanen Antti J. , Salminen Paulina
Published: October 2022

Background

Uncomplicated and complicated acute appendicitis seem to be two different forms of this common abdominal emergency. The contribution of appendiceal microbiota to appendicitis pathogenesis has been suggested, but differences between uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis are largely unknown. We compared the appendiceal microbiota in uncomplicated and complicated acute appendicitis.

Methods

This prospective single-center clinical cohort study was conducted as part of larger multicenter MAPPAC trial enrolling adult patients with computed tomography or clinically confirmed uncomplicated or complicated acute appendicitis. The microbial composition of the appendiceal lumen was determined using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.

Results

Between April 11, 2017, and March 29, 2019, 118 samples (41 uncomplicated and 77 complicated appendicitis) were available. After adjusting for age, sex, and BMI, alpha diversity in complicated appendicitis was higher (Shannon p = 0.011, Chao1 p = 0.006) compared to uncomplicated appendicitis. Microbial compositions were different between uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis (Bray-Curtis distance, P = 0.002). Species poor appendiceal microbiota composition with specific predominant bacteria was present in some patients regardless of appendicitis severity.

Conclusion

Uncomplicated and complicated acute appendicitis have different appendiceal microbiome profiles further supporting the disconnection between these two different forms of acute appendicitis.

Study registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03257423.
Effects of short-term arm immobilization on motor skill acquisition
Authors: King Erin M. , Edwards Lauren L. , Borich Michael R.
Published: October 2022

Learning to sequence movements is necessary for skillful interaction with the environment. Neuroplasticity, particularly long-term potentiation (LTP), within sensorimotor networks underlies the acquisition of motor skill. Short-term immobilization of the arm, even less than 12 hours, can reduce corticospinal excitability and increase the capacity for LTP-like plasticity within the contralateral primary motor cortex. However, it is still unclear whether short-term immobilization influences motor skill acquisition. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of short-term arm immobilization on implicit, sequence-specific motor skill acquisition using a modified Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT). Twenty young, neurotypical adults underwent a single SRTT training session after six hours of immobilization of the non-dominant arm or an equivalent period of no immobilization. Our results demonstrated that participants improved SRTT performance overall after training, but there was no evidence of an effect of immobilization prior to task training on performance improvement. Further, improvements on the SRTT were not sequence-specific. Taken together, motor skill acquisition for sequential, individuated finger movements improved following training but the effect of six hours of immobilization was difficult to discern.
Binding of the transcription factor MYC2-like to the ABRE of the OsCYP2 promoter enhances salt tolerance in Oryza sativa
Authors: Liu Hongbo , Cui Peng , Zhang Bingxin , Zhu Jinbo , Liu Cui , Li Qingyang
Published: October 2022

Cyclophilins, a type of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, function as important molecular chaperones in a series of biological processes. However, the expression pattern and signal transduction pathway of cyclophilins are still unclear. Here, we showed that the promoter of OsCYP2 could function as a tissue-specific promoter by GUS staining. Moreover, we found that the promoter sequence contained not only core elements but also inducible elements. Then, the ABA-responsive element was used for cDNA library screening, and the transcription factor MYC2-like was identified by a yeast one-hybrid assay and confirmed through an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Furthermore, the relative expression showed that MYC2-like was induced by abscisic acid. In addition, MYC2-like overexpression enhanced salt tolerance in transformants and partially restored the cyp2-RNAi line. In summary, we explored a novel transcriptional signal mediated by MYC2-like, a potential regulator of salt stress-related physiological processes in rice.
Study of coordinated development of county urbanization in arid areas of China: The case of Xinjiang
Authors: Abulimiti Maliyamuguli , Simayi Zibibula , Yang Shengtian , Chai Ziyuan , Yan Yibo
Published: October 2022

Urbanization is a comprehensive process of mutual influence among the population, economy, society and living environment, and it depends on the synergy of a series of factors. This paper uses the statistical data of 76 counties in Xinjiang from 1996 to 2018 to construct a comprehensive urbanization evaluation system. Based on the entropy method, comprehensive evaluation model and coupling coordination model, from the scales of time and space, this paper discusses the current situation of the coordinated development of population, economy, society and living environment factors in counties in Xinjiang in the process of urbanization. Local spatial autocorrelation analysis is used to further study the spatial agglomeration effect of the coupling and coordination of urbanization development in the counties. The results show the following: (1) The comprehensive urbanization level of 76 counties in Xinjiang has the characteristics of "center-periphery" development, and high-level counties are clustered on the northern slopes of the Tian Mountains. (2) Most counties are in a serious state of imbalance; notably, the degree of population-economy-society-living environment coupling and coordination in the border counties and towns is in an unsatisfactory state. (3) The county-level cities in Northern Xinjiang belong to the diffusion and spillover areas, the county-level cities in southern Xinjiang belong to the polarization benefit areas, and most other counties are in the state of no spillover effect.
A systemic review and network meta-analysis of accuracy of intraocular lens power calculation formulas in primary angle-closure conditions
Authors: Lu Wenhan , Hou Yu , Yang Hongfang , Sun Xinghuai
Published: October 2022

Background

For primary angle-closure and angle-closure glaucoma, the fact that refractive error sometimes deviates from predictions after intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is familiar to cataract surgeons. Since controversy remains in the accuracy of IOL power calculation formulas, both traditional and network meta-analysis on formula accuracy were conducted in patients with primary angle-closure conditions.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted through Aug 2022, focusing on studies on intraocular lens power calculation in primary angle-closure (PAC) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). A systemic review and network meta-analysis was performed. Quality of studies were assessed. Primary outcomes were the mean absolute errors (MAE) and the percentages of eyes with a prediction error within ±0.50 diopiters (D) or ±1.00 D (% ±0.50/1.00 D) by different formulas.

Results

Six retrospective studies involving 419 eyes and 8 formulas (Barrett Universal II, Kane, SRK/T, Hoffer Q, Haigis, Holladay I, RBF 3.0 and LSF) were included. SRK/T was used as a reference as it had been investigated in all the studies included. Direct comparison showed that none of the involved formula outperformed or was defeated by SRK/T significantly in terms of either MAE or % ±0.50/1.00 D (all P>0.05). Network comparison and ranking possibilities disclosed BUII, Kane, RBF 3.0 with statistically insignificant advantage. No significant publication bias was detected by network funnel plot.

Conclusions

No absolute advantage was disclosed among the formulas involved in this study for PAC/PACG eyes. Further carefully designed studies are warranted to evaluate IOL calculation formulae in this target population.

Trail registration

Registration: PROSEPRO ID: CRD42022326541.
Draft genome of the bluefin tuna blood fluke, Cardicola forsteri
Authors: Coff Lachlan , Guy Andrew J. , Campbell Bronwyn E. , Nowak Barbara F. , Ramsland Paul A. , Bott Nathan J.
Published: October 2022

The blood fluke Cardicola forsteri (Trematoda: Aporocotylidae) is a pathogen of ranched bluefin tuna in Japan and Australia. Genomics of Cardicola spp. have thus far been limited to molecular phylogenetics of select gene sequences. In this study, sequencing of the C. forsteri genome was performed using Illumina short-read and Oxford Nanopore long-read technologies. The sequences were assembled de novo using a hybrid of short and long reads, which produced a high-quality contig-level assembly (N50 > 430 kb and L50 = 138). The assembly was also relatively complete and unfragmented, comprising 66% and 7.2% complete and fragmented metazoan Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCOs), respectively. A large portion (> 55%) of the genome was made up of intergenic repetitive elements, primarily long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), while protein-coding regions cover > 6%. Gene prediction identified 8,564 hypothetical polypeptides, > 77% of which are homologous to published sequences of other species. The identification of select putative proteins, including cathepsins, calpains, tetraspanins, and glycosyltransferases is discussed. This is the first genome assembly of any aporocotylid, a major step toward understanding of the biology of this family of fish blood flukes and their interactions within hosts.
Genetic diversity and evolutionary convergence of cryptic SARS- CoV-2 lineages detected via wastewater sequencing
Authors: Gregory Devon A. , Trujillo Monica , Rushford Clayton , Flury Anna , Kannoly Sherin , San Kaung Myat , Lyfoung Dustin T. , Wiseman Roger W. , Bromert Karen , Zhou Ming-Yi , Kesler Ellen , Bivens Nathan J. , Hoskins Jay , Lin Chung-Ho , O’Connor David H. , Wieberg Chris , Wenzel Jeff , Kantor Rose S. , Dennehy John J. , Johnson Marc C.
Published: October 2022

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is an effective way of tracking the appearance and spread of SARS-COV-2 lineages through communities. Beginning in early 2021, we implemented a targeted approach to amplify and sequence the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-COV-2 to characterize viral lineages present in sewersheds. Over the course of 2021, we reproducibly detected multiple SARS-COV-2 RBD lineages that have never been observed in patient samples in 9 sewersheds located in 3 states in the USA. These cryptic lineages contained between 4 to 24 amino acid substitutions in the RBD and were observed intermittently in the sewersheds in which they were found for as long as 14 months. Many of the amino acid substitutions in these lineages occurred at residues also mutated in the Omicron variant of concern (VOC), often with the same substitutions. One of the sewersheds contained a lineage that appeared to be derived from the Alpha VOC, but the majority of the lineages appeared to be derived from pre-VOC SARS-COV-2 lineages. Specifically, several of the cryptic lineages from New York City appeared to be derived from a common ancestor that most likely diverged in early 2020. While the source of these cryptic lineages has not been resolved, it seems increasingly likely that they were derived from long-term patient infections or animal reservoirs. Our findings demonstrate that SARS-COV-2 genetic diversity is greater than what is commonly observed through routine SARS-CoV-2 surveillance. Wastewater sampling may more fully capture SARS-CoV-2 genetic diversity than patient sampling and could reveal new VOCs before they emerge in the wider human population.
Destruction of the vascular viral receptor in infectious salmon anaemia provides in vivo evidence of homologous attachment interference
Authors: Aamelfot Maria , Fosse Johanna Hol , Viljugrein Hildegunn , Ploss Frieda Betty , Benestad Sylvie L. , McBeath Alastair , Christiansen Debes Hammershaimb , Garver Kyle , Falk Knut
Published: October 2022

Viral interference is a process where infection with one virus prevents a subsequent infection with the same or a different virus. This is believed to limit superinfection, promote viral genome stability, and protect the host from overwhelming infection. Mechanisms of viral interference have been extensively studied in plants, but remain poorly understood in vertebrates. We demonstrate that infection with infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) strongly reduces homologous viral attachment to the Atlantic salmon,Salmo salarL. vascular surface. A generalised loss of ISAV binding was observed after infection with both high-virulent and low-virulent ISAV isolates, but with different kinetics. The loss of ISAV binding was accompanied by an increased susceptibility to sialidase, suggesting a loss of the vascular 4-O-sialyl-acetylation that mediates ISAV attachment and simultaneously protects the sialic acid from cleavage. Moreover, the ISAV binding capacity of cultured cells dramatically declined 3 days after ISAV infection, accompanied by reduced cellular permissiveness to infection with a second antigenically distinct isolate. In contrast, neither infection with infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus nor stimulation with the viral mimetic poly I:C restricted subsequent cellular ISAV attachment, revealing an ISAV-specific mechanism rather than a general cellular antiviral response. Our study demonstrates homologous ISAV attachment interference by de-acetylation of sialic acids on the vascular surface. This is the first time the kinetics of viral receptor destruction have been mapped throughout the full course of an infection, and the first report of homologous attachment interference by the loss of a vascular viral receptor. Little is known about the biological functions of vascularO-sialyl-acetylation. Our findings raise the question of whether this vascular surface modulation could be linked to the breakdown of central vascular functions that characterises infectious salmon anaemia.
Seeking the raw truth at Guatemala’s largest landfill
Authors: Dvir Boaz
Published: October 2022

Nonfiction storytellers often aim to capture the truth about inequality, sustainability and other current issues. Joining photojournalist Jason Henry and writer Erik Maza on a visit to Guatemala’s largest landfill, award-winning filmmaker Boaz Dvir attempts to bottle the raw reality of local residents, including dozens of children, ‘rampaging through […] smoke-spewing toxic garbage’. But lacking the ability to record the experience’s olfactory, tactile, and other aspects, he comes to terms with his medium’s shortcomings. He reflects on the nature of reality in a world where the truth is literally and figuratively being eroded on a daily basis. Will he remain hopeful?
Sustaining practices and ‘progress’ over people: Identifying the potential consequences of communicating sustainability to the Global South
Authors: Wallace Ryan , Staines-Díaz León
Published: October 2022

Although development is often portrayed through a progressionist lens, the intensification of human activities at a global scale is having significant negative impacts on environments, climate change and human lives around the world. Facing the brunt of these consequences are the most vulnerable communities, which include historically marginalized groups, racial minorities and refugees. This is particularly true in the Global South, where the ideas of modernity and development have been widely adopted under the promises of social and economic ‘progress’. This article challenges these existing narratives and calls on scholars and media practitioners to consider different perspectives in their work.
Underwater Homeowners Association: Using socially engaged art to problem-solve in an imperilled, polarized and imperfect world
Authors: Cortada Xavier , Roberti Adam , Deering Ryan
Published: October 2022

Responding to a dearth of significant climate policies and the growing risks to coastal communities around the world, Miami artist Xavier Cortada created a socially engaged art project aimed at generating awareness and action around sea level rise – Underwater Homeowners Association (UHOA). The initiative utilizes local elevation data to inform the creation of yard signs and painted street intersections, consequently bringing attention to the area’s vulnerability to rising seas and convening neighbours for monthly meetings. Beyond science communication, UHOA provides a creative approach to developing interdisciplinary partnerships, engaging communities and mobilizing agents of change.
Transitional (in)justice in phasing out coal in China: Documentary as visual evidence to unveil the local experiences of coal transitions
Authors: Lin Lisa
Published: October 2022

This article examines how documentary film can be employed as visual evidence to create a thick description of environmental injustice among low-social-economic status communities in China. In particular, this article exemplifies the approach with a case study of a 2022 research project on transitional injustice during China’s phase out coal strategy in the case study of Liupanshui, the largest coal mine in southern China since the 1950s. Drawing upon the author’s environmental documentaries that explored the local struggles and sufferings of environmental injustice in China, the article explores how we can examine environmental injustice via a multidisciplinary approach that combines public policy, environmental studies and documentary filmmaking.
The use of tissue culture method for the study of lichenized fungi (Lobariaceae Chevall., Parmeliaceae Zenker.) of the European part of Russia
Authors: Zontikov Dmitry N. , Malakhova Kseniya V. , Sergeev Roman V.
Published: October 2022

Lichenized fungi as a multicomponent biological system are an interesting but difficult research object. In view of the complex interaction of the myco- and photobiont, the slow growth of natural thalli, their exceptional exactingness to environmental factors, the study of the biological characteristics of lichens is significantly difficult. This article discusses the problem of studying the anatomical and morphological structure of the myco- and photobiont of lichenized fungi using the tissue culture method on the example of rare species (Lobaria pulmonaria) and species with pharmaceutical potential (Usnea dasopoga, Cetraria islandica). The authors proposed a method for cultivating of myco- and photobionts of these species on synthetic nutrient media for the purpose of further research on the characteristics of lichenized fungi. Fragments of thalli, apothecia (for C. islandica), and soredia (for U. dasopoga and L. pulmonaria) were used as donor material. For the introduction of the photobiont under sterile conditions, a homogenate of the thallus region was prepared. Pure cultures of the myco- and photobiont of L. pulmonaria, U. dasopoga, and C. islandica were obtained on three types of hormone-free nutrient media, namely MS nutrient medium, modified MS medium with a reduced nitrogen content, Czapek medium. The verification of the research results was carried out taking into account the microscopy of the obtained cultures of myco- and photobionts. Using microscopy, the dimensional characteristics of the obtained mycobionts were determined. The diameters of the hyphae of L. pulmonaria, U. dasopoga, and C. islandica were 4.3–4.4 µm, 4.6 µm, and 4.1–4.3 µm, respectively, which corresponds to the size of the hyphae in natural samples. The use of the tissue culture method makes it possible to study and analyze the biological characteristics of lichenized fungi as a multicomponent biological system, as well as to contribute to the preservation of rare species and their components in the Red Data Book; while optimizing the method of cultivating myco- and photobiont on synthetic nutrient media, to reduce the anthropogenic load on natural populations of lichens when using them as medicinal raw materials.
Estimando a Potencialidade Hidrogeológica da Bacia Cárstica do Rio Vieira, Região Hidrográfica do Verde Grande, MG
Authors: Gurita Rafaela Assunção , Galvão Paulo Henrique Ferreira , Mourão Maria Antonieta Alcântara , Assunção Pedro Henrique da Silva
Published: October 2022

Na bacia do rio Vieira, norte de Minas Gerais, onde há o predomínio de três domínios hidrogeológicos (granular, fissural e cárstico-fissural), questões sobre ineficiência da gestão dos recursos hídricos, aliadas ao clima semiárido e escassez de estudos locais, agravam as condições de disponibilidade hídrica, principalmente na estiagem. O objetivo deste artigo foi aplicar e adaptar um método de delimitação de potencial hidrogeológico em uma região cárstica, associando dados geológicos e morfoestruturais com testes de bombeamento de poços profundos (capacidade específica, Q/s, e transmissividade, T), bem como geofísica e sensoriamento remoto. O método foi validado com a calibração dos pesos de mapas temáticos com valores de T e Q/s, indicando que as regiões potencialmente mais produtivas estão relacionadas a quatro fatores: 1) densidade de lineamentos (morfoestruturais e geofísicos) e de feições cársticas, nas direções principais NE-SW e NNE-SSW; 2) tipos de sistemas aquíferos locais (granular, fissural e cárstico-fissural); 3) baixas declividades e proximidades com drenagens; e 4) recarga. Em toda a área, é notável a distribuição espacial de poços com alta variabilidade de produtividade (Q/s variando de 0,01 a 60 m³/h/m e T variando de 10-5 a 10-3 m2/h), o que indica que o aquífero cárstico na região é anisotrópico e heterogêneo.
MERGE-LABELING, Transfer, and CED Effects
Authors:   The Society Of Modern Grammar, Kim Jaejun , Park Myung-Kwan
Published: October 2022

Jaejun Kim and Myung-Kwan Park. 2022. MERGE-LABELING, Transfer, and CED Effects. Studies in Modern Grammar 115, 27-50. Since the postulation of Huang’s (1982) condition on extraction domain (CED), adjuncts and subjects have been standardly assumed to be opaque for extraction. However, the CED is empirically contradicted by cases where certain adjuncts and subjects are not islands to movement. Given this background, we propose that adjuncts in general are immediately transferred to resolve a problematic configuration {XP, YP} where labeling cannot be determined (i.e., problem of projection (POP)). Being sent to Transfer, extraction from adjuncts is barred. However, as uncovered by Truswell (2007), there are exceptional adjuncts in which extraction from them is occasionally permitted. In such cases, we claim that labeling via feature sharing can be achieved in the mode of restructuring or reanalysis (cf. Choe 1988; Wurmbrand 2001). Since labeling is properly determined, sub-extraction from them naturally follows. Concerning the typical subjects that ban movement from them, we argue that it is due to the labeling-wise defectiveness of T in English; movement from Spec,TP to Spec,CP is not allowed owing to the prior Transfer of typical subjects in Spec,TP position. With respect to certain exceptional subjects in which sub-extraction from them is licit, we recourse to the determination of labeling at their landing sites; thus, the island-hood of such subjects is voided. All in all, the present paper deduces CED effects within the system of MERGE through labeling and Transfer.
Clinching technology in the automotive industry
Authors: Mucha Jacek
Published: October 2022

W publikacji przedstawiono technologię łączenia blach za pomocą przetłaczania (ang. clinching). Clinching to proces scalania warstw materiału z udziałem odkształceń plastycznych. Przedstawiono przebieg procesu formowania złącza w klasycznej odmianie kształtowania. Scharakteryzowano fazy formowania przetłoczenia w trakcie łączenia blach. Opisano metody oceny jakości wykonania złączy, a także przykłady ich zastosowania. Obecnie istnieją różne konstrukcje używanych narzędzi, do formowania tego typu złączy. Najczęściej stosowanymi narzędziami są stempel, oraz matryca okrągła i niedzielona o zarysie osiowo-symetrycznym. Inne odmiany konstrukcji matryc pozwalają na znaczne obniżenie siły kształtowania złącza. W pracy zwrócono uwagę na rożną konstrukcję możliwych do zastosowania matryc, możliwość łączenia nie tylko materiałów metalicznych ale także kombinacji metalicznych z kompozytowymi. Opisano możliwości tworzenia złączy hybrydowych tj. klejowo-przetłaczanych. Ponadto scharakteryzowano nowe kierunki badań, rozwój niekonwencjonalnych rozwiązań technologii przetłaczania. Zwrócono uwagę na zastosowanie połączeń clinching w procesach montażowych cienkościennych konstrukcji podczas wytwarzania pojazdów samochodowych. Omówione zostały kierunki automatyzacji procesu montażu konstrukcji blaszanych z udziałem przetłaczania. Przedstawiono przykłady elementów nadwozi samochodowych w których stosowane są złącza clinching.
The effect of fuel on the energy consumption and production of greenhouse gases in transport
Authors: Conradie Pieter , Asekun Olabanji , Skrúcaný Tomáš , Kendra Martin , Stopka Ondrej
Published: October 2022

Nowadays, the environmental aspects of transport are very actual issues, mainly the energy consumption and GHG production. The priority of EU transport strategy is to decrease the negative environmental impacts of all transport modes. The article discusses the calculation of the energy consumption and production of greenhouse gases in transport from both the primary and secondary points of view. This means, that it reflects the implications on the environment not only while operating the vehicle, but also during production, refining, distribution and storage of the fuel used in transport. The calculation is done by using the methodology of the standard EN 16 258:2012. This standard is used on all cars using various types of propellants. The results of the calculation show in a non-discriminatory manner the energy effectiveness of the individual types of fuel, as well as the rate of their production of greenhouse gases expressed in a comparison unit of equivalent CO2e.
HbA1c and biomarkers of diabetes mellitus in Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine: ten years after
Authors: Gillery Philippe
Published: October 2022

Since its discovery in the late 1960s, HbA1c has proven to be a major biomarker of diabetes mellitus survey and diagnosis. Other biomarkers have also been described using classical laboratory methods or more innovative, non-invasive ones. All biomarkers of diabetes, including the historical glucose assay, have well-controlled strengths and limitations, determining their indications in clinical use. They all request high quality preanalytical and analytical methodologies, necessitating a strict evaluation of their performances by external quality control assessment trials. Specific requirements are needed for point-of-care testing technologies. This general overview, which describes how old and new tools of diabetes mellitus biological survey have evolved over the last decade, has been built through the prism of papers published in Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine during this period.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on road traffic accident forecasting in Poland and Slovakia
Authors: Jurkovic Martin , Gorzelanczyk Piotr , Kalina Tomas , Jaros Jaroslav , Mohanty Malaya
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected the performance of the transport sector and its overall intensity. Reducing mobility has a major impact on road traffic accidents. The aim of this study is to forecast the number of road traffic accidents in Poland and Slovakia and to assess how the COVID-19 pandemic affected its trend. For this purpose, data for Poland and Slovakia in the selected relevant period were analyzed. Based on actual data from the past, a forecast was made for the future considering two scenarios – one where there is no effect of pandemic, and another with effect of pandemic. Forecasting the number of accidents in Poland was carried out using selected time series models related to linear trend (Holt and Winters method) and the exponential model. In the case of Slovakia, the model without trend and the exponential model were used to forecast the number of traffic accidents. The results of the research show that the pandemic caused a decrease in the number of traffic accidents in Poland by 31% and in Slovakia by 33%. This is a significant decline, but it is linearly dependent on restrictive measures that affect the mobility of the population. A similar trend can therefore be expected on a European scale.
A sustainable solution to ensure the dependently and safety of electrical grid relying on optimal allocation of UPFC for research reactor
Authors: Ammar Yasser M. , Elbaset Adel A. , Adail Ahmed S. , El. Araby Sayed
Published: October 2022

The dependently of the electrical grid is critical key point to safety of the nuclear research reactor (NRR) operation. This paper provides an optimization approach relying on optimal allocation of UPFC device to obtain higher electrical power quality of such nuclear facilities. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique was used to address the optimal UPFC allocation problem. The suggested approach is applied to the IEEE 33-bus test system, and results reveal that the suggested PSO is more efficient in minimizing total power losses and enhancing voltage profile using only one of UPFC device. The results show the technique is good method in this case.