bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial and mental health concerns among elderly people during COVID-19: Findings from national helpline in India
Authors: Manikappa Sanjeev Kumar , Reddy P Bhasker , Tansa K. A. , Shetty Kannappa V.
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

WHO reported that the epidemic SARS-CoV-2 spread was a public health emergency of international tension in January 2020 and pandemic in March 2020. In this regard, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) launched a national helpline with the support of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare for addressing psychosocial issues and mental health concerns of people during the COVID-19 pandemic. The recorded calls made to the National Psychosocial Support helpline were analysed to elicit the psychosocial issues seen among the elderly during the pandemic.

Methods:

The data of 70 randomly selected helpline callers were collected by using the sociodemographic data sheet and the semistructured questionnaire. The study employed descriptive research design.

Results:

In total, 71.1% of callers belonged to the 60-70 years’ age group. 57.1% of callers had approached the helpline by themselves. 38.6% of the callers had reported a preexisting mental illness, of which the majority (33%) reported anxiety and/or sleeplessness. 28.6% of callers complained of comorbid medical issues. Interventions provided to the callers were in the form of supportive psychotherapy (84.28%), the COVID-19-related information (72.85%), referral services (62.9%), lifestyle modifications (41.42%), and behavioural activation (35.71%).

Conclusion:

Study findings indicate that the older population encountered several mental health issues during COVID-19, and the telephonic interventions were the most feasible, accessible, and helpful method to reach out to them.
Knowledge and attitude towards HPV infection, HPV vaccination and cervical cancer among middle- and high-school students in Gwalior
Authors: Dewan Monika , Shukla Durgesh , Shrivastav Gunjan , Diwan Priyanka
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

There is little information available regarding knowledge and attitudes towards the human papillomavirus (HPV) and its vaccines among the students in mainland India. Furthermore, there has not been much information accessible on how to increase their understanding of and readiness to receive HPV and associated vaccines, which could be crucial for the future success of vaccination campaigns. This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitude of middle- and high-school students towards HPV infection, HPV vaccine and cervical cancer prevention.

Method:

The present study was an observational study conducted from July 2023 to December 2023 in the Gwalior District of Northern India among the 490 students aged 11–16 years. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information from the students. The collected data was entered into an Microsoft Excel spreadsheet for easy calculation. Frequency and percentage were calculated and significance in proportion was tested using the chi-square test. P value was judged at a 5% level of significance.

Results:

The average age of the student was 13.67 ± 1.95 years range between 11 years and 16 years with a 0.52:1 sex ratio. Out of the 490 enrolled participants, 41.0% of subjects had previously heard about cervical cancer. About 64.7% of students heard it from the mass media. A total of 181 (36.9%) knew that cervical cancer was caused by HPV infection. Only 168 (34.3%) participants knew the fact that men were also infected by HPV infection. Only 12.4% knew that a healthy-looking person could have an HPV infection. Only 11.6% had shown their willingness for the HPV vaccination. There was a significant difference observed among the males and females regarding knowledge questions. Males (54.76%) heard more about cervical cancer than females (33.85%). Males had more knowledge (60.1%) regarding cervical cancer caused by HPV infection as compared with females (24.8%).

Conclusion:

Students’ awareness of HPV and the HPV vaccine was low. Training that focusses on HPV information in addition to sex education is needed to promote HPV vaccine coverage.
Correlation between CRP and ferritin in dengue patients: A hospital-based prospective observational study
Authors: Nayak Sailendra , Rout Rabinarayan , Panda Bandita , Machipeddy Mourya , Sharma Vibha , Patro Shubhransu
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

In India, dengue is one of the health challenges and a leading cause of hospitalization, especially during the monsoon. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an independent marker for dengue severity. The present study aimed to analyze the correlation between CRP and ferritin and with other hematological markers in dengue fever (DF).

Methods:

A hospital-based prospective study was conducted over one year. With the patient’s consent, A total of 189 dengue-diagnosed hospitalized patients aged more than 18 years were included in the study group. Demographic features, total leukocytes, total platelet counts, packed cell volume, CRP, and ferritin were monitored in both severe and non-severe cases. Significant univariate parameters were correlated and significant associations were analyzed from the correlation coefficient and P value respectively.

Result:

A total of 189 dengue-diagnosed, hospitalized patients were recruited, among them 30 patients were diagnosed as severe and 159 patients were diagnosed as non-severe. The mean age ranged between 41 ± 16.7 and 42 ± 15.9 years. In univariate analysis, total leucocytes, CRP, and ferritin were significantly higher in dengue severe cases in comparison to non-severe dengue cases. The association between CRP and ferritin revealed a positive correlation whereas, the association between ferritin and total platelet count showed a negative correlation.

Conclusion:

A significant positive correlation between CRP and ferritin indicates that ferritin can be an additional biomarker along with CRP for the hospitalization of dengue patients and may be useful for severity prediction at an early stage of infection.
Association between medication adherence and health-related quality of life among type 2 diabetic adults in Mexico
Authors: Olvera-Cruz Sara I. , Cano-Estrada Araceli , Hernández-Mariano José Á. , Castañeda-Márquez Ana C. , Orihuela Yaneth C. O. , Mejía-Blanquel María A.
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose:

Previous evidence suggests that non-adherence to medication among patients with chronic diseases might negatively affect their health-related quality of life (HRQoL); however, the evidence in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not conclusive, and information is scarce in the Mexican context. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between medication adherence and HRQoL among Mexican adults with T2D.

Methods:

A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on a sample of 320 adults with T2D. Participants were recruited from two community health centers in Hidalgo, Mexico. The four-item Morisky Green Levine Medication Adherence Scale and the Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36) were used to assess medication adherence and HRQoL, respectively. The associations between the variables of interest were evaluated using logistic regression models.

Results:

It was found that 78.4% of the participants were non-adherent to medication. After adjusting for confounders, we observed that non-adherent adults were more likely to have poor HRQoL in six domains of SF-36: physical functioning (adjusted odds ratio [ORa] =2.02; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] =1.06, 3.80); physical role (ORa = 2.37; 95% CI = 1.13, 4.96); bodily pain (ORa = 2.71; 95% CI = 1.45, 5.06); general health (ORa = 2.57; 95% CI = 1.37, 4.80); vitality (ORa = 3.30; 95% CI = 1.70, 6.39); social functioning (ORa = 2.97; 95% CI = 1.56, 5.65); and mental health (ORa = 2.66; 95% CI = 1.42, 4.98).

Conclusion:

Non-adherence to medication was independently associated with HRQoL in Mexican adults with T2D. Therefore, it is necessary to plan awareness interventions to encourage adherence to therapeutic recommendations during routine clinical consultations in primary care.
Retrospective analysis of risk factors associated with mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: Chatterjee Bijoya , Modi Nikunj , Desai Khushi , Murugan Yogesh , Trivedi Ami
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Older age and comorbidities are associated with adverse outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, comprehensive identification of mortality risk factors can further guide disease management. We aimed to analyze predictors of in-hospital mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Methods:

This retrospective cohort study included 400 COVID-19 patients admitted between March and December 2020. Demographics, vital signs, medical history, presenting symptoms, laboratory findings, treatments, and outcomes were extracted from the patient’s electronic medical records. Patients were stratified into survivor (n = 300) and nonsurvivor (n = 100) groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze associations between variables and mortality.

Results:

Nonsurvivors were older (mean age 65 vs 45 years) and had more hypertension (60% vs 33%), diabetes (40% vs 20%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (20% vs 5%), and chronic kidney disease (15% vs 3%). Shorter symptom onset to admission (7 vs 4 days), lower oxygen saturation (92% vs 96%), lymphopenia, and elevated inflammatory and coagulation markers were also associated with mortality (all P < 0.001). Mechanical ventilation (60% vs 3%) and therapeutic anticoagulation were more common in nonsurvivors (all P < 0.001). Age over 75 years (adjusted odds ratio 5.2), chronic medical conditions, elevated D-dimer, and mechanical ventilation had the strongest independent associations with mortality (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Older age, comorbidities such as chronic pulmonary and renal disease, disease severity parameters such as dysregulated inflammatory and coagulation markers, and the need for aggressive interventions predict increased mortality risk in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Evaluation of immunisation coverage and its determinants among children aged 12–23 months in urban slum areas of Jhalawar city
Authors: Das Subhashree , Kukreja Srishti , Pathak Pooja
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Immunisation services does not reach over one third of urban poor children. There is clear cut difference of children completely immunised in the low as compared to high standard of living index in urban areas. This difference is more marked in low performing states like Rajasthan and this difference as compared to better performing states like Kerala. Such inter-state differentials indicate the importance of extra focus on low performing states like Rajasthan.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 550 children aged 12–23 months in an urban slum of a district in southern Rajasthan. Along with the immunisation coverage, determinants associated with incomplete immunisation was assessed. The child’s immunisation was ascertained using the immunisation cards/Mamta cards or in whom cards not available WHO recall method was used. The Chi-square test was used to find out statistical significance.

Results:

Of 550 children studied, 417 (75.8%) were fully immunised, 117 (21.3%) were partially immunised and 16 of them were non immunised (2.9%). When the determinants of incomplete immunisation were assessed, all were found statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The present study concluded that immunisation coverage is lower than that of the target. The factors thought to have influenced immunisation such as religion, family composition, education of mother and gender of child were discovered to be statistically significant.
Connecting the dots: Exploring the relationship between menstrual hygiene and bacterial vaginosis in eastern India
Authors: Samantaray Subha R. , Parida Soumya , Mohapatra Ipsita
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Menstruation is a normal physiological event that takes place in a rhythmic fashion during the reproductive period of a woman. Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) practices differ and depend on the individual’s socioeconomic status, local traditions and beliefs, and access to water and sanitation resources. Insufficient and incorrect information regarding menstruation and lack of knowledge and awareness leads to poor personal hygienic practices, which further leads to many infections. Bacterial vaginosis, the most common RTI, is characterized by an alteration in the vaginal micro biome with a decline in hydrogen peroxide producing Lactobacillus colonization and an overgrowth of facultative anaerobic bacteria like Gardnerella spp., Mobiluncus spp., etc.

Aims:

The primary objective of the study was to find out the association of bacterial vaginosis with menstrual hygiene practices. The secondary objective was to determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among patients presenting with vaginal discharge to the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital.

Methods:

Women in the reproductive age group 18-45 years having regular menstrual cycles were included in the study. Participants were enquired for sociodemographic data, menstrual hygiene practices and symptoms of abnormal vaginal discharge. High vaginal swab was collected for the symptomatic patients and sent to investigate for presence of bacterial vaginosis.

Results and observation:

The prevalence of BV was found to be 13% among symptomatic patients presenting with abnormal vaginal discharge. Apart from abnormal discharge, itching and burning sensation was also seen to have a positive association with bacterial vaginosis (p < 0.001). The women who used clothes as absorbent were more prone to develop BV than women using sanitary pad. The other parameters to have positive association with BV were decreased frequency of taking body bath. Unsatisfactory sanitation of latrine was found to be strongly associated with BV after adjusting for confounders.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the result of this study provided a strong association between poor MHM practices with BV.
The sensitivity and specificity of fine needle aspiration cytology in detecting thyroid malignancy according to Bethesda system at a teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Refai Fahd A. , Alyazidi Anas S. , Shawli Mohammed K. , Alotibi Fahad A. , Jambi Abdulaziz T. , Haider Rayan A. , Binhamran Khalid W. , Osaylan Majed T.
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) aims to standardize the terminology and morphologic criteria associated with thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) results while also providing corresponding risk assessments for malignancy. contributing to more consistent and standardized reporting of thyroid nodules and aiding clinicians in making informed decisions. Since then, it has been undergoing revisions and updates to further improve its utility and accuracy.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective study conducted at a tertiary care center. All patients with a history of thyroid gland swelling who had previously undergone FNA were included. The procedure included cytopathologists performing FNAC for all cases of midline neck swelling. Demographic and histopathology data were correlated with the cytological diagnosis.

Results:

We included 288 cases. Of those, 234 (81.3%) were female and 54 (18.8%) were male. The presentation age range was 18–91 years. The most reported category was benign, which constituted 30.9% of the cases followed by malignancy (27.1%). As for thyroid lesions, papillary carcinoma was the most prevalent (43.6%). The correlation on cyto-histopathology was presented in every diagnostic category, showing high heterogeneity in diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. The overall diagnostic specificity and sensitivity were 56.05% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 47.92–63.95%) and 80.92% (95% CI: 73.13–87.25%), respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 60.57% and 77.88%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Our data suggests that the TBSRTC system promotes similar sensitivity and specificity to those reported elsewhere. It standardizes reporting and improves communication between cytopathologists and clinicians.
A cross -sectional study on the status and determinants of parenting among 12-36 months old children in rural Nagpur
Authors: Lakshmi Aiswarya N R , Deshmukh Pradeep Ramrao , Chauhan Urmila Mangilal , Tripathy Jaya Prasad
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Parenting practices profoundly influence a child’s development, encompassing nurturing, boundary-setting, and developmental fostering. Understanding the status and determinants of parenting children in rural Nagpur is crucial for informing interventions aimed at promoting optimal child well-being in this community.

Objective:

To find the status and determinants of parenting among 12–36 months old children in rural Nagpur.

Methods:

Community-based cross-sectional study design. A total of 314 children were selected through simple random sampling.

Results:

An appropriate parenting proportion was there for 71.9%, 95% CI: 66.7–76.6 of the study subjects. On multivariable analysis, occupation of the father being a labourer, was significantly associated with appropriate parenting.
A study to assess the occurrence of anaemia and beta-thalassemia in the tribal population residing in the Yadadri-Bhuvanagiri district of Telangana state
Authors: Patil Parag , Kusneniwar Govindrao , Rathod Gunvanti , Pradeep Immanuel , Prabhala Shailaja , Pyati Anand , Rani Komal , Katyal Sakshi , Chada Tejaswi
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of anaemia and haemoglobinopathies, particularly beta-thalassemia in the tribal population of the Yadadri-Bhuvanagiri district of Telangana.

Methods:

The sample consisted of a tribal population (Banjara) that visited voluntary blood camps set up in tribal settlements, local schools, and the Gram-panchayat office, in collaboration with local healthcare workers. Haemoglobin measurements (Anaemia) and Mentzer index of whole blood (EDTA) samples were used as diagnostic screening tools for categorising the population at risk of beta-thalassemia. HPLC was used as a confirmatory test.

Results:

The study included a total of n = 479 (68% females and 32% males) voluntary adult participants of Banjara. Based on the haemoglobin levels, 105 females (32%) were found to be anaemic as compared to 24 males (15.5%). Among the female population, a small percentage of individuals had severe anaemia (1.9%), while most had mild (80%) or moderate anaemia (18%); on the other hand, males primarily had moderate anaemia. Out of the total screened population, 6.7% (5.2% with low Hb levels (anaemic), 3.3% by MI) were found to be thalassemia based on anaemia and Mentzer index as a screening tool.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of beta-thalassemia was found 6.7% in the Banjara population.
Predictive value of clinico-radiological variables in the management of suspected foreign body aspiration in children: A ten-year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Penugonda Asha Jyothi , Devadas Ilakya , Valiaveetil Koshy Alan , Murugan Timri Palani , Antony Jovin Chris , Durai Balamurugan , Samuel John J , Kompithra Rajeev Zachariah , Mathai John , Adhikari Debasis Das
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Definite history is not always present in children with foreign body aspiration (FBA), hence necessitating a high index of suspicion.

Objective:

To assess the predictive value of clinico-radiological variables among children presenting with features of suspected FBA and to document their course in a tertiary care teaching hospital.

Materials and Methods:

In this retrospective observational study, we included children aged below 15 years presenting with clinical features of suspected FBA. Data was obtained from case records. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis (MVA) was performed to determine statistically significant predictors of FBA, and Weighted Risk Scores (WRS) were calculated to determine the significance of the model.

Results:

Of the 296 children included in the study and having undergone bronchoscopy, 84.5% were toddlers; 269 (90.87%) had a foreign body (FB) removed. Organic material was commonly found with 64.3% being peanut and right main bronchus, the commonest lodging site (50.6%). Of the 54 (18%) children with symptomatic but unwitnessed FBA, 45 (83.3%) had a FB retrieved. Choking with sudden onset cough, stridor, unilateral decreased breath sounds, abnormal chest radiograph, unilateral hyperinflation and mediastinal shift correlated with FBA (P < 0.05). MVA confirmed statistical significance with choking with sudden onset cough to predict FBA (P = 0.024) with overall sensitivity and specificity of 60.9% and 77.8%, respectively. Total WRS with cut-off >2 showed good power of discrimination with sensitivity, specificity and AUC of 60.2%, 77.8% and 0.704%, respectively.

Conclusions:

The proposed predictive value-based scoring system enhances accuracy in decision-making regarding bronchoscopy in children with suspected FBA.
Treacher Collins syndrome: A comprehensive review on clinical features, diagnosis, and management
Authors: Nassar Jumanah Y. , Kefi Fatma , Alhartani Mahinar M. , Sultan Adnan Alaa , Al-Khatib Talal , Safdar Osama Y.
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Treacher Collins syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects the bone development, resulting in significant craniofacial deformities. The syndrome is characterized by cleft palate, micrognathia, low-set or small ears, and sparse eyelashes. These characteristic symptoms guide for the diagnosis. However, the manifestations may resemble other diseases, which makes the clinical diagnosis difficult. Although the majority of cases are clearly diagnosed at birth, genetic counseling and imaging scans, such as x-ray or computed tomography, may help to confirm the diagnosis. The severity of the disease varies among patients, ranging from mild undiagnosed cases to severe marked deformities. Nevertheless, airway difficulty at birth represents a significant challenge for anesthesiologists since these patients have abnormal development of zygomatic arch, which may result in airway complications. Therefore, proper management requires multidisciplinary departments, including pediatrics, neurosurgery, otolaryngology, audiology, plastic surgery, and genetics. Hence, it can be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner; genetic counseling is also needed.
Public’s perception and attitude toward genetic testing in Jazan region
Authors: Eltyeb Ebtihal E. , Alhazmi Sami A. , Maafa Shahad H. I. , Mobarki Sarah J. , Sobaikhi Nasser H. , Sumayli Rimas A. , Alattas Khlood K. , Shayani Halah M. , Alqahtani Abdullah M. , Alhazmi Faris A. , Al-Musawa Hafiz I.
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

With the advancements in genetic testing, a differentiated evaluation for susceptibility to diseases is becoming applicable to many disorders. Understanding the circumstances and promoting the widespread use of these tests in the Saudi setting requires understanding public opinion and attitudes. This study aimed to determine the perception and attitudes of the public in the Jazan region to genetic testing.

Material and Methods:

A cross-sectional survey study of 507 participants was conducted in the Jazan region. The data were collected through an online questionnaire containing demographic information and statements assessing public perceptions and attitudes.

Results:

Our findings showed that perspectives toward genetic testing, especially premarital and prenatal testing, are generally positive and consistent with previous research. Approximately 79.1% of the participants had a positive attitude toward supporting a compulsory governmental decision of genetic screening before marriage, and 67.3% were willing to perform such testing in the future. More than half of the participants were willing to allow pregnancy termination if there was a higher probability of genetic disease in the baby. In contrast, only 29.6% agreed with the decision to divorce due to the higher probability of genetic disease in their children. The predictors for a positive attitude to genetic testing were nationality, marital status, and monthly income.

Conclusion:

The results of the present study indicate that there are acceptable perspectives and attitudes toward genetic testing, especially premarital and prenatal testing.
Exploring disparities: A comparative analysis of insulin-naïve, regular users, and inertia patients among type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients in India
Authors: Atal Shubham , Bohra Arwa , Kalra Shamsher S. , Balakrishnan S , Joshi Rajnish
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Insulin utilization pattern varies greatly in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Clinical inertia in treatment intensification hinders glycemic control in T2DM management. This study investigated insulin prescription trends and various predictors among insulin naive, user, and insulin inertia (II) patients in T2DM.

Methodology:

A retrospective analysis of T2DM patient records from the diabetes clinic at a tertiary care center was conducted. Data on socio-demographics, anthropometry, disease characteristics, comorbidities, adherence, and medication prescribing patterns were collected. Analysis was done using tests of significance, odds ratio (OR), and multivariate logistic regression.

Results:

A total of 950 records were analyzed, with 17.3% of patients identified as insulin users (IU), 70.9% being insulin-naïve (IN), and 11.8% having II. IUs had significantly higher glycemic levels including HbA1c, fasting, postprandial, and random blood sugars compared to the other groups. Higher HbA1c levels were associated with significantly increased odds of insulin usage (OR: 3.46, confidence interval (CI): 1.94–6.16), while individuals taking sulfonylureas had lower odds of insulin usage (OR: 0.27, CI: 0.08–0.91). A significant association was also seen with the total number of oral antidiabetic drugs prescribed (four drugs; OR: 15.6, and five drugs; OR: 9.1). Other factors did not show a significant association. The regression model showed HbA1c level as low as 7.9% could indicate a future insulin requirement in 22% of patients.

Conclusion:

The study outlines differences in characteristics and parameters among T2DM patients who require or do not require insulin and highlights the challenges in insulin initiation in Indian T2DM patients. Findings on II underscore the need for timely treatment intensification.
Exploring the Landscape of Artificial Intelligence Acceptance among Health-care Professionals: A Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Taneja Pratibha , Marya Charu Mohan , Nagpal Ruchi , Bhardwaj Aditi , Josh Jeevan , Kataria Sakshi
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Artificial intelligence (AI) could be understood as the technology that mimics the human knowledge based solely on input data. In recent years, AI has become the talk of town and is being applied to health care more and more. The emergence of AI in health care has been groundbreaking, reshaping the way of diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of patients. There are many instances where AI can perform well in the field of health care. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, perspective, familiarity/attitude, practice, and barriers in the acceptance of AI of health-care professionals.

Materials and Methods:

A 42-question survey was distributed in the form of Google survey tool containing seven sections: demographics, knowledge, practice, familiarity, perspective, acceptance, and barriers to AI use in health care. It was distributed through professional networks, organizations, and relevant online communities.

Results:

A total of 327 health-care professionals (209 females, 115 males, and 3 others) participated in the survey. Clinicians were 217 (66.4%), whereas 57 (17.4%) and 53 (16.2%) were undergraduates and postgraduates, respectively, belonging to medicine (17.4%), dental (76.8%), and allied sciences (5.8%). According to 249 (76.1%) participants, they did not use AI-based tools in their practice. More than half of the study participants agreed that AI can be effectively and efficiently used in health-care delivery. Majority of the participants agreed that AI-based tool’s ability to reveal early disease risks (27.2%) and help in surgical intervention (13.1%) were main advantages of AI. Among all the disadvantages, high investment costs (50.8%) and regulatory concerns (38.8%) were the major barriers in adoption of AI in health care.

Conclusion:

This research study sheds light on the knowledge, practice, familiarity, perception, acceptance, and barriers associated with health-care workers and AI in health care. Shedding the light on the need of allocation of resources for research and development in AI applications tailored to health care.
Effect of Chlorhexidine Gluconate (0.2%), Combination (0.2% Chlorhexidine and 0.05% Sodium Fluoride), and Green Tea Extract (0.5%) Mouth Rinses on Colony Count Changes of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus in Saliva – A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Suma B. S. , Sony Kumari , Kumari Nirmala , Pandey S. N.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Streptococcus
mutans and Lactobacillus
acidophilus are the well-known etiological factors for dental caries. Chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate is the “gold-standard” antimicrobial agent but having adverse effects such as brown staining of the teeth and altered taste. Thus, there is a need for an alternative herbal product.

Objective

This study was done to compare the efficacy of CHX gluconate (0.2%) and combination (0.2% CHX and 0.05% sodium fluoride [NaF]) mouth rinses to that of green tea extract (0.5%) mouth rinse in reducing the salivary count of S. mutans and L. acidophilus in dental students.

Materials and Methods

The sample size of the study was 75 dental students with ≥4 decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index. They were divided into three equal groups to test various mouth rinses against S. mutans and Lactobacillus. Unstimulated salivary samples were collected at baseline and postrinse (14 days) and tested for the colony-forming units of S. mutans and Lactobacillus. The Chi-square test was used to ascertain the demographic characteristics of the study population. One-way ANOVA statistics and paired t-test were applied to calculate the inferential statistics between the variables. The statistical constant was fixed at P < 0.05.

Results

The results of the study indicated that there was a statistically significant reduction in S. mutans and Lactobacilli count in all the three study groups.

Conclusion

Green tea mouth rinse can be a promising preventive therapy worldwide for the prevention of dental caries but CHX mouthwashes are superior in reduction of S. mutans and Lactobacillus.
Antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship program: Need of the hour
Authors: Yadav Shailendra Kumar , Dandu Himanshu , Gupta Prashant , Nischal Anuradha , Atam Virendra
Published: October 2024

Appropriate antibiotic prescribing and stewardship techniques must be developed to support logical therapy and avoid the unintended effects of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). To combat resistance and safeguard global health, this review emphasizes the scope and ramifications of AMR as well as the significance and implications of the AMSP. The worldwide public health is being threatened by AMR. Because of the increased strain on health care, it raises morbidity and mortality and is linked to significant economic expenses. The clinical and financial consequences of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections are also significantly impacted. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic’s increasing indiscriminate use of antibiotics would heighten microbial resistance and ultimately result in more and more deaths. This study emphasizes the scope and effects of AMR, as well as the significance and ramifications of a program for antimicrobial stewardship to combat antimicrobial resistance and safeguard global public health. The goal of the antimicrobial stewardship program (AMSP) is a system-wide healthcare approach to safeguard public health while simultaneously promoting, enhancing, monitoring, and evaluating the prudent use of antibiotics to maintain their efficacy in the future. AMSP uses evidence-based programs to promote the proper use of antibiotics with great success. To handle the growing threat of AMR, a comprehensive and multisectoral approach known as “One Health” is also required. AMR containment and mitigation depend heavily on AMSP methods, tenets, and interventions. The public’s knowledge of AMR, health professionals’ education, vaccination schedules, and the “One Health” approach must all be guided by evidence-based policy.
2023-2024 Reviewers
Authors: Yilmaz Nadir
Published: October 2024

2023-2024 Reviewers
Project Orchestrator
Authors: Mr. K. Ravi Kumar  , Yarlagadda Ravitreyini Chowdary  , Madharam Naresh  , Srimanthula Shivachary  , Swarna Neeraj
Published: October 2024

The ever-increasing growth and complexity of software-intensive systems over the past
20 years and the ensuing rise in geographically distributed projects are trends that are here to stay.
Solving the distributed project management problem by automating it is a top priority, one that
relies not simply on the intelligent application of technology, but also on coordinated,
complementary efforts focused on people and processes. These systems must evolve to support
increased decision velocity and cohesiveness in today’s increasingly distributed world. The unique
features of a software product line organization challenge the conventional definition of project
management. Among those features are different project types, each of which adds value in a
different way. A Project Management Office System (PMOS) is designed to help project office
personnel manage project and resource information. The system, built using Oracle Application
Express (APEX) and hosted on Oracle Cloud, shall allow input of new project and new resource
details, and manipulation of project/resource information. It will facilitate the allocation of
resources to projects and the transfer of resources across projects. The system will also manage
training requirements, training schedules, and training closure functions.
ATATÜRK DÖNEMİ GAZETECİ VE EDEBİYATÇILARININ KALEMİNDEN GAZİ MUSTAFA KEMAL PAŞA: “GAZİ’NİN EN BÜYÜK ESERİ NEDİR?”
Authors: Kas Bilal
Published: October 2024

Cumhuriyet’in ilanı ardından Gazi Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın önderliğinde birbiri ardına inkılaplar teşekkül ettirilmiştir. Siyasi iktidar, Cumhuriyet’in ilk senelerinde inkılapların halka benimsetilmesi için edebiyat ve basın dünyasını etki dairesinde tutmuş, yeni nesillerin inkılap değerleriyle yetişmelerini sağlamaya çalışmıştır. 1929 senesinde Milliyet gazetesinde henüz altı senelik yeni Türk devletinin kurucu lideri ve onun eserlerinin değerlendirildiği bir mülakat dizisi yayımlanır. Mülakat sorularını devrin Siirt mebusu Mahmut Bey [Soydan] Milliyet gazetesinin başmuharriri sıfatıyla dönemin önemli simalarına sunar. Bu mülakat dizisi, devrin en meşhur isimlerinin bir araya getirilmesini sağlaması bakımından da önemlidir. Makalenin ana malzemesini devrin gazeteci ve edebiyatçılarının yazıları ve değerlendirmeleri oluşturmaktadır. Yazılardan hareketle bir inkılap nesli oluşturmaya çalışan siyasi iktidarla basın ve edebiyat dünyasının ilişkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Matbuat hayatında isim yapmış 42 kişinin Gazi Mustafa Kemal’in en büyük eserinin hangisi ve ne sebeple olduğu sorularına verdikleri cevaplar, aynı tarihlerdeki çeşitli süreli yayınlardaki yazılar, siyasi ve sosyal hadiselerle beraber değerlendirilmiştir. Böylelikle mülakata katılan edebiyatçı ve gazetecilerin toplumun ve siyasi ortamın bir parçası olarak yaşadıkları devre yaklaşımları değerlendirilmiş, görüşleri siyaset, edebiyat ve basın münasebeti bağlamında açıklanarak Gazi Mustafa Kemal Paşa ve inkılapları özelinde bir devir panoraması oluşturulmuştur.
Internationalism and the New Turkey: American Peace Education in the Kemalist Republic, 1923-1933
Authors: Koç Mustafa
Published: October 2024

This study is a review of Gothenburg University history professor Erik Sjöberg's book Internationalism and the New Turkey: American Peace Education in the Kemalist Republic, 1923-1933. The book, which is the main source work and which is based on the records of Robert College, consists of a total of five chapters: Background: Robert College and Late Ottoman Society (pp. 23-56), Years of Transition: Adapting to the Republican Order, 1923-1927 (pp. 57-110), A Moderate and True Nationalism: The Philosophy and Practice of Internationalism and Peace Education at Robert College, 1927-1933 (pp. 111-150), Wonderful Changes, Broken Unity: Modernity, Ottoman Past, and National Belonging in the Essays of Robert College Students (pp. 151-198) and Internationalism Defeated: The Downfall of Edgar Fisher (pp. 199-234).
“GAZİ PAŞAM MARUZATIM VAR”: TRAKYA SEYAHATİ SIRASINDA ATATÜRK’E VERİLEN DİLEKÇELERE GÖRE ERKEN CUMHURİYET DÖNEMİNİN TOPLUMSAL PANORAMASI
Authors: Şallı Hakan
Published: October 2024

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’e Trakya seyahati sırasında verilen dilekçeler ve kendisine yöneltilen sözlü taleplere dayanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu dilekçelerde, insanların hayatlarını değiştirmeye yönelik talepleri ve gelecekten beklentilerinin yanında genç cumhuriyetin sosyo-kültürel ve ekonomik hayatının yankılarını da görürüz. Bu dilekçe sahipleri düşündükleri, yazdıkları ama en önemlisi de kendilerini nasıl tanımladıkları ile ilgili dönemin pek çok dinamiğine dair kolektif ve tarihsel bir panorama sunmaktadır. Atatürk’ün geniş bir uzman ekibiyle birlikte çıktığı bu seyahatte ekonomi, eğitim, bayındırlık, adliye, tarım ve ticaret gibi pek çok alanda gözlem ve incelemeler yapılmış, vatandaşlarla kurulan yakın ilişkiler neticesinde mevcut sorunlar tespit edilip sorunların çözümüne yönelik raporlar hazırlanmıştır. Dilekçelerin muhteviyatında yer alan talep ve şikâyetler toplumun yeni rejimden beklentilerini ve aynı zamanda hükûmetin de bu beklentiler karşısındaki çözüm önerileriyle idari organizasyonunu göstermektedir. Sıradan insanların kâğıda döktüğü bu dilekçeler, seyahatin ardından hazırlanan ve hükûmetin faaliyet programını oluşturacak olan raporlara kaynaklık ederek, önemli adımların atılmasına neden olmuştur. Bu yazı, dönemin Resmi Edirne gazetesinde yayınlanan çeşitli kimlik ve mesleklere sahip insanların farklı talep ve şikâyetlerini içeren 146 dilekçenin, Atatürk tarafından hazırlanan seyahat notları ile karşılaştırılmasıyla erken cumhuriyet döneminin toplumsal bir panoramasını oluşturmaya çalışmaktadır.
KABİL BÜYÜKELÇİSİ YUSUF HİKMET (BAYUR) BEY’İN ANKARA’YA GÖNDERDİĞİ RAPORLAR ÇERÇEVESİNDE KRAL AMANULLAH HAN DÖNEMİ AFGANİSTAN’DA MEYDANA GELEN OLAYLAR VE TÜRKİYE’YE YANSIMALARI
Authors: Toker Hülya
Published: October 2024

Kasım 1919’da tam bağımsızlığını ilan eden Afganistan’da Amanullah Han ülkenin ilk kralı olmuştur. Sonraki süreçte ülkesini modern bir yapıya kavuşturmak isteyen Kral bu anlamda önemli adımlar atmıştır. Bu sırada Türkiye’de de bağımsızlık mücadelesi başarıyla sonuçlanmış ve 1923 yılında Türkiye Cumhuriyeti kurulmuş, Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) Paşa da ilk cumhurbaşkanı olmuştur. Sonrasında ise yeni Türk Devletinin çağdaş devletler düzeyine ulaşması için her alanda inkılaplar yapılmaya başlanmıştır. Türkiye’deki gelişmeleri yakından takip eden Amanullah Han 1928 yılında Türkiye’ye ziyarette bulunmuş ve bu sırada Türkiye’nin ilk Kabil Büyükelçisi olarak Yusuf Hikmet (Bayur) Bey atanmıştır. Yusuf Hikmet Bey Kabil’e gittikten kısa bir süre sonra Kralın reformlarına karşı isyanlar başlamış ve isyanlar kısa sürede ülke geneline yayılmıştır. Zor bir dönemde görev yapan Yusuf Hikmet Bey bölgeye ait raporlarını Ankara’ya iletmiş ve Türk dış politikasının belirlenmesinde önemli bir katkı sağlamıştır. Çalışmada Yusuf Hikmet Bey’in Kabil’den yazdığı ve daha önce yayımlanmamış olan raporları esas alınarak döneme ait bilinmeyen pek çok konuya ışık tutulmaya çalışılmıştır.
ERKEN CUMHURİYET TÜRKİYESİN’DE ANTROPOLOJİ VE ÖJENİ
Authors: Yaşar Hakan
Published: October 2024

Öjeni, nüfusun beden ve zekâ bakımından sağlıklı unsurlarının yani makbul görülenlerin sayısını arttırırken güçsüz, sağlıksız ve engelli gibi istenmeyen insanların sayısını azaltmak anlamına gelmektedir. Antropoloji bilimine göre ise öjeni, her anlamda hastalıklardan arındırılmış ve sağaltılmış insan toplumunu ya da ırkı yaratmayı amaçlayan pratik ve kavramsal yaklaşımların tümüne verilen isimdir. 20. yüzyılın başından II. Dünya Savaşı’nın sonuna kadar öjeni, birçok ülkede tartışıldı ve pozitif ve negatif yönleriyle farklı alanlarda uygulandı. Söz konusu dönemde öjenik politikaların tartışıldığı ve çeşitli sahalarda uygulamaya konulduğu ülkelerden biri de Türkiye’ydi. Öjeni düşüncesi II. Meşrutiyet Dönemi’nden itibaren Türkiye’de aydınlar ve bilim insanları tarafından farklı boyutlarıyla yoğun olarak tartışılmaya başlandı. II. Meşrutiyet Dönemi’ne kıyasla Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde antropoloji çalışmalarının da bir öjeni pratiği olarak yapıldığı görülmektedir. Bu doğrultuda Türk Antropoloji Müessesesi bünyesinde yapılan kafatası ölçümleri, antropometrik anketler ve kan grubu incelemeleri dönemin birçok devletiyle kıyaslandığında çok daha geniş kapsamlı birer öjeni pratiğiydi. Bu çalışmanın amacı da Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türkiye’sinde antropoloji alanında uygulanan öjenik politikaların neler olduğunu ve hangi amaçlarla hayata geçirildiğini ortaya koymaktır. Ayrıca çalışmada antropoloji alanındaki söz konusu öjeni pratiklerinin negatif mi yoksa pozitif mi olduğu da sorgulanmaktadır.
Determination of Aflatoxin Levels Mixed Cattle Feeds from Different Farms in Diyarbakır Region
Authors: Ekin Abdullatif , Bozkurt Kiraz Ayfer
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to determine the levels of aflatoxins in beef and dairy cow supplied by feed manufacturing plants in the Diyarbakır region, accounting for a significant proportion of cattle production in Southeast Anatolia. In the study, Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), Aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), Aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), and Aflatoxin G2 (AFG2) levels were determined in dairy cattle feed and fattening cattle feed. The toxic effects of aflatoxins on animal organisms are listed as AFB1, AFG1, AFB2, and AFG2 from largest to smallest. Regional feeds were evaluated based on the limits of AFB1 (≥0.005 ppm) in dairy cow feed and AFB1 (≥0.02 ppm) in cattle feed. By the Regulation on Unwanted Substances in Feeds (Regulation No: 2014/11), contamination values were considered in terms of total aflatoxin levels in feeds. According to the determined mycotoxin contamination levels, the average aflatoxin level in cattle milk feed was 0.0036 ppm and in cattle feed was 0.0034 ppm. This study emphasizes the importance of storage conditions and preservation methods of feeds and raw materials.
Maria Salete Van Der Poel: formação e atuação na Educação Popular
Authors: Silva Luziel Augusto da , Costa Jean Carlo de Carvalho
Published: October 2024

Este artigo busca analisar a partir das memórias e registros autobiográficos a trajetória docente de Maria Salete Van Poel na Educação Popular. Utilizamos como aporte teórico-metodológico Pierre Bourdieu (2006) e Paulo Freire (1996; 1997). Metodologicamente, elencamos como fonte os relatos autobiográficos contidos na produção intelectual da professora e entrevistas da mesma concedida a pesquisadores, empregando uma análise histórico-documental. Assim, esse estudo nos permite estabelecer relações entre as fontes e a trajetória da professora, visto que a formação e a atuação docente de Maria Salete no campo da Educação Popular foram tecidas nessa inter-relação entre as dimensões social e profissional e suas inter-relações como o contexto sociocultural.
Libros informacionales y epitextos virtuales: propuestas para el aula
Authors: Zarazaga Blanca Florido , Molero Salvador Gutiérrez , Claudio Carmen Romero
Published: October 2024

Los cambios que introduce la era posinternet apuntan a una sociedad gaseosa (Scolari, 2021) donde lo efímero, las tendencias y lo viral predominan, y este contexto ha dado lugar a un nuevo paradigma de lectura. En este escenario, la lectura se caracteriza por la hibridación de la cultura letrada y digital donde los epitextos virtuales públicos se presentan como un claro ejemplo de productos transmedia que amplían y complementan el texto original de las editoriales. Desde una metodologia de corte cualitativo, este trabajo pretende analizar el contenido y los epitextos digitales de las editoriales con publicaciones especializadas en lecturas no ficcionales para su inclusión en situaciones de aprendizaje. Los resultados evidencian su presencia como alternativa a los libros de texto para la promoción de la lectura y la formación de lectores críticos, pues generan la curiosidad de los nuevos lectores como prosumidores que se desenvuelven de forma natural en las RRSS.
Instituições educativas de tempo integral: revisão de literatura
Authors: Augusto Aparecida Karina Martins , Furtado Alessandra Cristina
Published: October 2024

Objetivou-se mapear produções científicas referentes à escola de tempo integral, buscando aprofundar os estudos nessa temática e encontrar possíveis lacunas. Para realizar a pesquisa, foram utilizadas diversas bases de dados eletrônicas, incluindo SciELO, BDTD, CAPES, Repositório da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados e Google Acadêmico, com descritores específicos e operadores booleanos para a seleção e análise dos trabalhos. Os resultados mais significativos incluem a identificação de 16 produções acadêmicas relevantes que se relacionam diretamente com o tema, destacando a predominância de pesquisas realizadas por mulheres e uma concentração temporal posterior ao período de incentivo do Plano de Desenvolvimento da Educação (PDE), decretado em 2007. As principais conclusões apontam para a existência de uma base sólida para futuras investigações, embora ainda sejam necessárias pesquisas mais aprofundadas para superar os obstáculos, lacunas e ausências históricas identificadas, contribuindo para a compreensão e melhoria das escolas de tempo integral no Brasil.
A elaboração de objetos de aprendizagem em história da arte no Ceará como proposta de ensino em artes visuais
Authors: Alves Marcos Paulo , Sales José Albio Moreira de
Published: October 2024

Esta investigação trata sobre a produção e aprendizagem com materiais didáticos digitais sobre a História da Arte no Ceará, produzidos através do formato hipertexto. A pesquisa refere-se ao uso do que foi chamado de "Objetos de Aprendizagem sobre a História da Arte no Ceará (OAHAC)”, com alunos do Ensino Médio de uma escola profissionalizante em Fortaleza/CE. Como referências teóricas das discussões sobre História da Arte, dialogamos com os conceitos de Argan; Fagiolo (1994), Barbosa (1984; 1998) e Didi-Huberman (2015). Para a elaboração de Objetos de Aprendizagem em Artes Visuais (OAAV), dialogamos com o estudo de Lima (2019). Do ponto de vista metodológico, trata-se de uma pesquisa em Arte. Como achados e conclusões da pesquisa, podemos indicar: existem possibilidades significativas na aprendizagem com OAAVs, e, dentre eles, se destacam a aproximação do aluno com um material didático em forma de hipertexto e as interfaces do material com outras fontes.