bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Pemberian Daun Lamtoro (Leucaena leocephala) terhadap Kualitas Silase Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpereum) yang Diberi Molasses
Authors: Yunus M.
Published: February 2016

The effect of gift lamtoro leaf (Leucaena leocephala) to quality of silage of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpereum) that adding molassesABSTRACT. Research about the effect of gift of lamtoro leaf and molasses to quality of elephant grass silage (Pennisetum purpereum) have been executed at Lamsiot village Indrapuri sub district Aceh besar. Analysis content of nutrient in Food Livestock laboratory Agriculture Faculty of Syiah Kuala University. This research aim to see how influence of gift lamtoro leaf and elephant grass silage that adding molasses. This research the complete random device consisted o with 5 kinds of treatment and 3 restarting. This is R1 silage control without treatment and lamtoro leaf 0 5. R2 silage without lamtoro leaf (0%) and molasses 5%, R3 silage with the addition of lamtoro leaf 10%, R4 20%, R5 30%, adding molasses each 5%. The parameter of this study is acidity (pH) degree (pH), dry matter, crude protein, and crude fiber. to know the treatment influence used data Analysis and continued with the Duncan Test. The result of this research indicated that gift of lamtoro leaf give the real influence at pH and influence with is not real at dry substance, while at crude protein and crude fiber give the very real influence. Best silage there are at silage with 30% of lamtoro leaf.
Pengaruh Bakteriosin Produksi Bakteri Asam Laktat Isolat Indonesia terhadap Jumlah Bakteri dalam Susu Pasteurisasi
Authors: Nurliana Nurliana , Sudirman Idwan , Sudarwanto Mirnawati , Soejoedono Raden Roso
Published: February 2016

The effect of bacteriocin produced by Indonesia Isolate of lactic acid bacteria toward total bacteria in pasteurized milkABSTRACT. The aim of this research was to study the ability of bacteriocin (amylocin) produced by Indonesian isolate of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) (Lactobacillus amylovorus US 121) and its combination with nisin in pasteurized milk. The total bacteria was measured by plate count method. The antimicrobial activity of amylosin at 64 AU/ml had the same activity with nisin at 625 AU/ml and its combination between amylosin and nisin at 32 AU/ml and 312,5 AU/ml respectively against psychrotrophic, thermoduric bacteria and L. monocytogenes in pasteurized milk. However, combination of amylosin and nisin (32 AU/ml + 312,5 AU/ml) able to reduce S. aureus in pasteurized milk. Amylosin at 64 AU/ml kept the shelf life of pasteurized milk longer until 12 days at 10oC. The addition of amylosin (the precipitate resulted by ammonium sulfate precipitation at 70% w/v) changed the color of pasteurized milk be brownish white.
Daya Hambat Hidrolisis Karbohidrat Oleh Ekstrak Daun Murbei
Authors: Syahrir S. , Wiryawan Komang G , Parakkasi Aminuddin , Winugroho Winugroho , Ramdania W.
Published: February 2016

Inhibition hydrolysis of carbohydrate by mulberry leaves extractABSTRACT. Mulberry leaves has a great potential as animal feeds because of its high nutrient content, but has deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) active matter. It is potential to inhibit carbohydrate hydrolysis process, come to monosaccharides. The objective of this experiment is to study the inhibiting ability of mulberry leave extract in carbohydrate hydrolysis process. The kinds of carbohydrates were using glucose, maltose, sucrose and starch. This experiment used twenty four of 60 days old male mice (Mus musculus). Diet and water were given ad libitum. Treatment were allocated ina factorial completely randomized design with three replications and two factors containing of completely mulberry leaves extract and variance of carbohydrates. Variable observed were feed consumtion, feed digestibility, body weight gain and blood glucose. The data were analyzed with univariate analysis of variance. The result showed that inclusion of mulberry leaves extract had decrease body weight (P 0,05) and reduce blood glucose (P 0,05).
Profil Hematologi dan Pertambahan Bobot Badan Harian Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Cekaman Panas pada Suhu Kandang yang Berbeda
Authors: Sugito Sugito
Published: February 2016

The profile of hematology and broiler daily body weight gain which treated with heat stress at different cage temperatureABSTRACT. A research have been conducted to find the impact of heat stress at 3 level of cage temperature on hematology profile and broiler daily body weight gain. Sixteen broilers (strain Cobb) at the age of 20 days were randomly divided to 4 groups. First group was control group that treated without given heat stress (KL). Second, third, and fourth groups were treated with heat stress in cages with temperature, respectively 33 ± 1oC, 36 ± 1oC, and 39 ± 1oC. Heat stress was given 4 hours daily during 7 days consecutively. The result indicated that cage temperature up to 36 ± 1oC has not significantly affected hematology profile and broiler daily body weight gain. The impact of increasing temperature have been found at cage temperature of 39 ± 1oC after 7 days of treatment, which were the increasing number of leucocytes, decreasing number of erythrocytes, and decreasing of broiler daily body weight gain. The broiler of the age above 20 to 27 days that exposed heat stress during 4 hour per day in the cage temperature of 39 ± 1oC can obtain heat stress in serious level.
Penggunaan Prebiotik Oligosakarida Ekstrak Tepung Buah Rumbia (Metroxylon sago Rottb.) dalam Ransum terhadap Performan Ayam Pedaging
Authors: Daud Muhammad , Piliang Wiranda G , Wiryawan Komang G , Setiyono Agus
Published: February 2016

Effect of prebiotic oligosaccharide extract rumbia fruit (Metroxylon sago Rottb.) in the ration on broiler performanceABSTRACT. Prebiotic oligosaccharides are thought to provide beneficial effects in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals by stimulating growth of selected members of the intestinal microflora. Prebiotic oligosaccharides are defined as nondigestible food ingredients that provide beneficial effects to the host by stimulating the growth of selected microbial members of the gastrointestinal tract. Among the colonic bacteria capable of metabolizing prebiotic oligosaccharides and whose growth is stimulated are species of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Prebiotic oligosaccharides can be produced in transgli-cosylation reactions catalyzed by glycosidases. Glycosidases from different biological sources have specific ability to catalyze the formation of oligosaccharides with particular chain lengths (usually DP 7) and predominant glycosidic linkages. Oligosaccharide used this research was purified rumbia fruit extract as prebiotic for feed additive in the ration on broiler. The objectives of this research were to study the performance of broiler given of prebiotic oligosaccharide extract rumbia fruit (metroxylon sago Rottb.) in the ration. Two hundred day-old chicks of broiler were divided into three dietary treatments and four replications. Ration used was consisted of: R1 = basal ration (control), R2 = basal ration + 0,4% oligosaccharide extract rumbia fruit, and R3 = basal ration + 0,4% frukto-oligosaccharide (FOS). The variables observed were: feed consumption, body weight, feed conversion ratio, mortality, and production index. The result showed that the performances of the broiler supplemented prebiotic oligosaccharide extract rumbia fruit (R2) was significantly (P 0.05) differences between of feed consumption, body weight, and mortality. It is concluded that of prebiotic oligosaccharide extract rumbia fruit were able to decrease the mortality and feed consumption at six week of age.
Kajian Fisiologis Penggunaan Bovine Somatotropin (bST) Pada Sapi Pra Afkir
Authors: Dzarnisa Dzarnisa , Fitri Cut Aida
Published: February 2016

Studies of physiological bovine somatotropin (bST) on post lactating dairy ABSTRACT. To increase of milk production nationally with used in dairy cattle business can assist to increase milk production, eighteen post lactating dairy cows in the highland Cipelang Bogor, were used to study the effect used of bovine somatotropin and lactating time. The experimental cows were assigned into a Randomized Block Design with a 3x2 factorial arrangement. The first factor was using of somatotropin (bST)with three levels (non bST injection, biweekly injection and three weekly injection). The second factor was lactating time with two levels (4th lactating time and 6 th lactating time) Parameters measured were heart rate, respiration frequency, rectal temperature, milk production efficiency, milk production, 4% FCM (fat corrected milk.), Milk composition, weigh gain, milk quality consist of protein, fat, pH. Bovine somatotropin significantly increased heart rate and respiration rate. Also bovine somatotropin injection at 4th lactating time significantly increased milk production. There were an interaction between bST dan lactating time on milk production and weight gain. Bovine somatotropin injection biweekly in cows on 4th lactating time ration increased milk production by 16-26 %, but injection in cows 6th lactating time increased milk production by 8-18 % combination with somatotropin doze 250/ml/14 days. Somatothropine supplementation was injection biweekly and three weekly did significantly affect to milk production, body temperature, heart rate, and respiration rate however in normal physiology . Bovine somatotropine can increase post lactating dairy production interval 14 days better than 21 days.
Analisa Mikrosatelit dalam Bioteknologi Reproduksi Ternak (Suatu Kajian Pustaka)
Authors: Rasad Siti Darodjah
Published: February 2016

Microsatellite analysis in biotechnology of animal reproduction (A Review)ABSTRACT. In year 1970 was found nucleotide sequence which have repeated sequence of nucleotide. with high polymorh and using PCR could be amplified. That sequenz of nucleotide called Microsatelite. Microsatelite consist of 1 – 6 repeated nucleotide, which is CA repeated as mostly a repeated DNA in the animal (Tautz and Renz, 1984). Based on difference of long and amount of repeated nucleotide, there are three kind of DNA satelite, midi-, mini- and microsatelite (Matiat and Vergmaud, 1982). Microsatelite analysis was used to analyze of paternity and identity of animal, which was done as a conventional analysis with blood group analysis. The advantage of microsatelite analysis compare to blood group system are the exclution probability was high (EXP 99.9%), needs small sampel (tissues, sperm or follicel of hair), could be use for all animal without special age and possible for died animal.
School Social Workers as Response to Intervention Change Champions
Authors: Avant Deneca Winfrey , Lindsey Brenda Coble
Published: February 2016

School social workers (SSWs) are known for serving students with social, emotional, and academic needs. Implementing Response to Intervention (RTI)/Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS) is one avenue in which SSWs play an integral role by guiding the development and implementation of student interventions. RTI/MTSS requires substantive and multifaceted system changes that involve more than simply adopting new approaches. This paradigm shift brings change which may not be desired or easily accepted by school systems. However, developing collaborative relationships and using effective leadership strategies throughout the RTI/MTSS transformation can be a pathway to success. A survey of 192 SSWs in Illinois revealed the challenges that SSWs experienced as the process of implementing RTI/MTSS transformed them into change leaders. This revelation was viewed as an opportunity to closely align social and emotional practices with students’ academic achievement.
Using Game Theory to Understand Screening for Domestic Violence Under the TANF Family Violence Option
Authors: An Soonok , Yoo Jisung , Nackerud Larry G.
Published: February 2016

Universal screening for domestic violence in the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program is required by most states, but its implementation is questionable. This paper employs game theory to conceptualize interactions between TANF applicants and frontline eligibility caseworkers. The intended outcomes of universal screening for intimate partner violence (IPV) – granting of a good cause waiver to IPV victims – are valid only by the assumption that caseworkers perform their roles. To grant a good cause waiver, TANF applicants and caseworkers should exchange two types of information: 1) disclosure of abuse by IPV victims and 2) notification of the availability of good cause waivers by caseworkers. This paper illuminates that intended outcomes of universal screening for IPV are difficult to achieve and discusses the applicability and limitations of game theory for policy evaluation.
Bulletproofing the Psyche: Mindfulness Interventions in the Training Environment to Improve Resilience in the Military and Veteran Communities
Authors: Hendricks Thomas Kate , Taylor Sarah Plummer
Published: February 2016

While clinical health services exist for service members with existing mental health conditions like posttraumatic stress, they are not stemming the rising tide of service suicides. A new approach to mental health intervention and suicide prevention in military-connected personnel is required, one that speaks to the participatory, hardworking ethos of military culture. Social work and health promotion professionals working to prevent and treat mental health problems like depression and stress injuries must understand the confluence of warrior culture and mental health issues in the veteran community. While the research literature does not yet address this confluence issue directly, programs exist that provide guidance, and a mindfulness-based training protocol may provide the answer. The purpose of this review is to provide programming recommendations based on a review of successful exemplars in treatment settings, the limited evaluation of best practices currently available when working with this priority population in prevention settings, and a cultural analysis of the military veteran community.
Lifelong Learning in Social Work: A Qualitative Exploration with Practitioners, Students, and Field Instructors
Authors: Jivanjee Pauline , Pendell Kimberly , Nissen Laura , Goodluck Charlotte
Published: February 2016

In the context of rapid change in social work practice related to policy, research findings, and theoretical developments, faculty are challenged to prepare students to engage in lifelong learning, a concept that has not been well-articulated in social work education. This article reports on an exploratory study of students,’ social workers,’ and field instructors’ perspectives and experiences of lifelong learning. Based on focus group discussions, findings reveal the multi-faceted nature of lifelong learning, the personal characteristics and motivations of lifelong learners, and the roles of social work faculty and workplace environments in supporting learning. Implications address the roles of instructors and social work programs in giving students and social workers tools and opportunities to engage in continuous learning and professional growth.
Moving Social Work Education Forward Through the Application of Neuroscientifically Informed Teaching Practice: A Case Study in Student Engagement Through Art and Multimodal Processing
Authors: McLeod David Axlyn
Published: February 2016

Modern advances in neuroscience suggest learning occurs through three basic cognition patterns. Higher-level multimodal learning occurs when learning activities contain multiple cognition patterns. This case study details an application of these concepts where fine art, journaling, practicum experiences, and in-class processing were fused to create an active and participatory method of engaging social work students in critical thinking as related to differential impacts of clinical decision-making. The learning activities are described and multimodal learning is explained, along with the findings of a focus group used to assess student feedback. Student experiences and the potential adaptations of this approach are also addressed. The tentative findings of this case study indicate positive learning experiences and suggest a need for further research to explore the opportunities associated with the use of multimodal and art-infused learning techniques in social work courses.
Self-care and Professional Quality of Life: Predictive Factors among MSW Practitioners
Authors: Bloomquist Kori R , Wood Leila , Friedmeyer-Trainor Kristin , Kim Hea-Won
Published: February 2016

This study explored the effects of self-care practices and perceptions on positive and negative indicators of professional quality of life, including burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction among MSW practitioners. Results reveal that while social workers value and believe self-care is effective in alleviating job-related stress, they engage in self-care on a limited basis. Findings indicate that MSW programs and employers do not teach social workers how to effectively engage in self-care practice. Various domains of self-care practice contribute differently to indicators of professional quality of life. This study sheds light on the under-studied relationship between social worker self-care and professional quality of life, provides insights into the types of activities practiced and not practiced by MSW practitioners, and identifies gaps between perceived value and effective teaching of self-care. Implications exist for social work educators and employers and the potential to support a healthier, sustainable workforce.
Are MSW Admissions Models Working? An analysis of MSW Admissions Models as Predictors of Student Success
Authors: Vliek Amy , Fogarty Kieran , Wertkin Robert
Published: February 2016

Admissions models facilitate the selection of MSW candidates who are both academically prepared for graduate study and professionally suited to social work, characteristics often referred to as fit-to-the-profession. This study attempted to identify the relationship between the criteria used in the admissions model of a medium-sized MSW program and student success in the program. Specific criteria and the associated measurement tools within the model were evaluated in relation to student success. The study found that undergraduate grade point average is significantly associated with MSW grade point average while neither academic criteria nor fit to the profession criteria were predictive of graduation. The study also offered new information regarding the admission of students with a criminal history. Students with a criminal history were eight times less likely to graduate than their non-offending peers, even when controlling for age, gender, race, and program type. The study supports the development of new fit-to-the-profession criteria with the possible elimination of the written statement.
Efeito de Humoativo comercial na produtividade da couve-flor no Estado de Santa Catarina
Authors: Fonseca José Alfredo da , Hanisch Ana Lúcia
Published: February 2016

O Humoativo comercial é um substrato registrado como produto orgânico, proveniente do tratamento anaeróbico dos resíduos de celulose em lagoas de decantação e posterior compostagem aeróbica, com alta concentração em nutrientes. O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar, a campo, o efeito da aplicação de doses de Humoativo sobre a produtividade e a absorção de metais pesados por plantas de couve-flor. Foi utilizado delineamento em blocos inteiramente casualizados, com três repetições e sete tratamentos que corresponderam às doses de Humoativo de 17, 34, 51, 68, 85 e 102 t.ha-1, em base seca. O uso do produto como fertilizante para a cultura da couve-flor proporcionou aumentos crescentes das produtividades com o aumento das doses aplicadas. Não houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre os teores de macro e micronutrientes analisados nos tecidos foliares da couve-flor.Effects of Humoativo commercial in cauliflower productivity in Santa Catarina StateAbstract:  Humoativo commercial is a substrate organic derived from the anaerobic treatment of waste cellulose into settling ponds, with high concentrations of nutrients. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate, in field, the effect of doses of Humoativo on productivity and on heavy metal uptake by plants of cauliflower. Design was used randomized blocks with three replications and seven treatments that corresponded to doses of Humoativo of 17, 34, 51, 68, 85 and 102 t.ha-1 in dry basis. The use of the product as fertilizer for the cultivation of cauliflower provided increases in the yield of culture with increasing doses applied. There was no effect of treatments on the concentrations of macro and micronutrients analyzed in the leaves of cauliflower.
Análise geoespacial do processo de desmatamento da Caatinga no município de Catolé do Rocha – PB
Authors: Oliveira R. A. , Almeida J. S. , Melo W. F. , Andrade A. B. A. , Mello W. F.
Published: February 2016

Objetivou-se analisar o processo de desmatamento no município de Catolé do Rocha-PB. Com o presente trabalho estabelecemos uma análise multitemporal das mudanças no uso e ocupação do solo no município de Catolé do Rocha entre os anos de 2005 e 2013. Foram utilizadas imagens do sensor TM Landsat-7, ano 2005 Bandas 3, 4, 5, ponto 216 e órbita 064, e Landsat-8 Banda 8, ponto 216, órbita 064, (georreferenciada). No ano de 2013 as imagens foram corrigidas no Regeemy 0.2.43, e processadas, filtradas e classificadas no SPRING 5.2, a classificação foi efetuada pelo método pixel a pixel, foi obtido 9 amostras para cada classe, com desempenho médio acima de 90%. A imagem resultante da sobreposição dos planos de informação foi obtida por cruzamento usando lógica booleana, no ambiente de programação em LEGAL. A vegetação manteve os níveis degradação principalmente sobtre as regiões de classes (Caatinga Estépica Florestada Mantida e Caatinga Estépica Arborizada Mantida), representando respectivamente, 14,7% e 27,0%. Isso descreve os elevados níveis de degradação que as atividades impõem sobre a paisagem. Também pode-se observar nessas áreas, condições de raleamento da cobertura mais densa e aumento da cobertura menos densa. Caracterizando um aumento do processo de degradação da vegetação natural. Geospatial analysis process of deforestation Caatinga in the municipality of Catolé do Rocha – PBAbstract: This study aimed to analyze the process of deforestation in the municipality of Catolé do Rocha-PB. The present work established a multi-temporal analysis of changes in the use and occupation of land in the municipality Catolé do Rocha between the years 2005 and 2013. They were used sensor images TM Landsat-7, 2005 Bands 3, 4, 5, point 216 and orbit 064, and Landsat-8 Band 8, paragraph 216, orbiting 064 (georeferenced), 2013, The images were corrected in Regeemy 0.2.43, and processed, filtered and sorted in SPRING 5.2, the rating was performed by the pixel-by-pixel method, 9 samples was obtained for each class, with an average performance above 90%. The resulting overlay of information layers was obtained by crossing using Boolean logic, at Legal in programming environment. The vegetation degradation levels remained mainly on the classes of regions (Caatinga Caatinga and Maintained Forested Steppe Steppe Tree Maintained), representing respectively 14.7% and 27.0%. This describes the high levels of degradation that activities impose on the landscape. It can also be observed in these areas, thinning conditions of denser coverage and increased less dense coverage. Featuring an increased degradation of natural vegetation process.
Valoración de la influencia de la geografía en el desempeño económico de los municipios colombianos
Authors: Restrepo Estrada Camilo , Moncada Jhonny , Parra Julieth
Published: February 2016

La geografía es uno de los factores que influye en el desarrollo de las naciones puesto que de ella dependen la disponibilidad de recursos naturales, la productividad agrícola, el acceso a los mercados y la distribución de la población, entre otros aspectos. En este artículo se pretende mostrar cómo las variables geográficas influyen en el desempeño económico de los municipios colombianos. Se encuentra que estas variables influyen en el crecimiento económico municipal e, incluso, son un importante determinante del nivel de actividad económica actual. Si bien estas no son las únicas que determinan el desarrollo económico, es necesario controlarlas a través de las políticas adecuadas.
Public Perception of Visual Quality of Cut Mutia Mosque Park as Public Space in Jakarta
Authors: Sadana Agus S
Published: February 2016

Cut Mutia Park is a city park which is an integral part and attached to the main courtyard of the mosque cut mutia. This park is a green open space that serves as a public space and generate the aesthetics of the city. There are seven critical elements that need to be studied to determine the public's perception of the park. Knowledgeable public perception of these elements, useful for city authorities in the development of city parks for future. The results of the research showed that of the seven elements studied, only two elements of which will be a positive perception, namely aspects of cleanliness and coolness, while five other aspects got a negative perception. As a result, generally Cut Mutia Parks research object only gets the value perception of -0.24. Details of the value obtained by each of these aspects are: -0.52 for comfortability; +0.13 for cleanliness; -0.003 for freshness; +0.26 for coolness; -0.77 for harmony level; -0.42 for beauty level; and -0.32 for interesting presented. Low perception from respondents indicated that Cut Mutia Park need better design such that it can give added value to the mosque and the environment surrounding. At the end can be said that the city authorities need to further improve attention in structuring of the park, to makes Cut Mutia Park become more comfortable, interesting and favored by the public, and also strengthening the power of the mosque as the central point.
Seeking Divine Solutions for Our Youth: A Conversation with Imam Hassan Mohamud
Authors: Mohamud Imam Hassan , Areba Eunice
Published: February 2016

The life period of youth and young adulthood is a time of forming identities and making allegiances. In the absence of adequate, consistent support, negative influences abound. Religious and spiritual leaders are potential sources of support for young people. Increasingly, empirical reports document the influence, most of it positive, of religion on both physical and emotional well-being. This interview with a Somali religious leader illustrates the importance of understanding and addressing the unique needs and challenges of young Somalis in Minnesota and beyond.
Carbohydrate Counting in the Acute Care Setting: Development of an Educational Program Based on Cognitive Load Theory
Authors: Ojeda Maria M.
Published: February 2016

The care of noncritically ill hospitalized patients with diabetes mellitus requiring insulin administration is multidisciplinary and complex. Evidence indicates that staff nurses may benefit from additional training in the nutritional management of patients with diabetes. In addition, unlicensed assistive personnel may be involved in the feeding and point-of-care testing of diabetic patients and thus play an important role in nursing care of such patients. Cognitive load theory assists educators in the identification of specific cognitive challenges that learners may face when presented with new material, but it also presents solutions to such challenges by way of specific instructional design methods to help overcome them. An educational program was piloted on a mixed audience of registered nurses and unlicensed assistive personnel at a community hospital; satisfaction with the program was found to be high.
Home Care Moments
Authors: Wahl Katie
Published: February 2016

This article offers reflections from a pediatric nurse on the unique nature of home care. The purpose of the writing was to process the experience of being a brand new nurse in a home care setting.
Shared Decision-Making Models Acknowledging an Interprofessional Approach: A Theory Analysis to Inform Nursing Practice
Authors: Lewis Krystina B. , Stacey Dawn , Squires Janet E. , Carroll Sandra
Published: February 2016

Patient engagement in collaboration with health professionals is essential to deliver quality health care. A shared decision-making (SDM) approach requires that patients are involved in decisions regarding their health. SDM is expanding from the patient–physician dyad to incorporate an interprofessional perspective. Conceptual models can be used to better understand theoretical underpinnings for application in clinical practice. The aim of this article was to conduct a theory analysis of conceptual models using an interprofessional approach to SDM and discuss each model’s relevance to nursing practice. Walker and Avant’s theory analysis approach was used. Three conceptual models were eligible. For all models, the decision-making process was considered iterative. The development process was described for 1 model. All models were logical, parsimonious, and generalizable. One was supported by empirical testing. No model described how partnerships are enacted to achieve interprofessional SDM. Also, there was limited articulation as to how nurses’ roles and contributions differ from other team members. This theory analysis highlights the need for a model that explains how partnerships among interprofessional team members are enacted to better understand the operationalization of interprofessional SDM. Implications for nursing practice at all system levels are offered and supported by the 3 models.
Refined assessment of associations between drinking water residence time and emergency department visits for gastrointestinal illness in Metro Atlanta, Georgia
Authors: Levy Karen , Klein Mitchel , Sarnat Stefanie Ebelt , Panwhar Samina , Huttinger Alexandra , Tolbert Paige , Moe Christine
Published: February 2016

Recent outbreak investigations suggest that a substantial proportion of waterborne disease outbreaks are attributable to water distribution system issues. In this analysis, we examine the relationship between modeled water residence time (WRT), a proxy for probability of microorganism intrusion into the distribution system, and emergency department visits for gastrointestinal (GI) illness for two water utilities in Metro Atlanta, USA during 1993–2004. We also examine the association between proximity to the nearest distribution system node, based on patients' residential address, and GI illness using logistic regression models. Comparing long (≥90th percentile) with intermediate WRTs (11th to 89th percentile), we observed a modestly increased risk for GI illness for Utility 1 (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02–1.13), which had substantially higher average WRT than Utility 2, for which we found no increased risk (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.94–1.02). Examining finer, 12-hour increments of WRT, we found that exposures >48 h were associated with increased risk of GI illness, and exposures of >96 h had the strongest associations, although none of these associations was statistically significant. Our results suggest that utilities might consider reducing WRTs to <2–3 days or adding booster disinfection in areas with longer WRT, to minimize risk of GI illness from water consumption.
Measuring drought based on a CGE model with multi-regional irrigation water
Authors: Zhong Shuai , Sha Jinghua , Shen Lei , Okiyama Mitsuru , Tokunaga Suminori , Yan Jingjing , Liu Litao
Published: February 2016

There have been many droughts in China that have caused severe losses. Previous studies evaluating droughts were from meteorological and hydrological perspectives. We measure the Chinese drought of 2000 based on a static computable general equilibrium model of China's macroeconomy, which describes the relationships between drought, agricultural production, and rural households' welfare from an economic perspective. In the model, the irrigation water inputs of the 16 regions of China are estimated and combined with the same regions' cropland inputs. Thus, the drought is simulated as an external impact by reducing the productivity of different crops in different regions. The reductions in 10 crop outputs and the rural households' welfare, total consumption and food consumption from 16 regions are more severe than those from a perfect market reaction. The findings herein are also distinct in that the five rural households that suffer most as a result of drought are from southern areas. The results provide an available reference for the Chinese government's decision on what measures to take to prevent drought and its impacts. The model can be further improved by incorporating meteorological and hydrological models to identify droughts using more accurate indexes.
Transport and deposition of suspended particles in saturated porous media: effect of hydrodynamic forces and pore structure
Authors: Zhang Pengyuan , Bai Bing , Jiang Sichen , Wang Pengcheng , Li Huile
Published: February 2016

In order to investigate the effects of pore structure and hydrodynamic forces on particle transport and deposition, an experimental study on the transport and deposition of suspended particles (SP) in saturated porous media (quartz sand and glass beads) was conducted under five different flow velocities at room temperature (22–25 °C). Silt particles with a mode of 10.7 μm diameter and fluorescein (as the dissolved tracer (DT)) were injected into the columns in short pulses. The SP transfer parameters were compared to the DT one. All the parameters (dispersivity, recovery rate, and deposition rate) obtained from the breakthrough data varied with the flow rate. The breakthrough curves were well described by an analytical solution of the advective–dispersive equation with a first-order deposition kinetic. The results showed that the transport of the SP was faster than the DT when the flow velocity reached a critical value which was different between the glass beads and quartz sand. The mean diameter of the recovered particles and the longitudinal dispersivity increase with flow rate; In addition, the recovery rate of SP is higher in the glass beads than in the quartz sand even under similar porosities. This study highlights the significance of pore structure and hydrodynamic forces in transport and deposition processes of SP.
A support vector regression-firefly algorithm-based model for limiting velocity prediction in sewer pipes
Authors: Ebtehaj Isa , Bonakdari Hossein
Published: February 2016

Sediment transport without deposition is an essential consideration in the optimum design of sewer pipes. In this study, a novel method based on a combination of support vector regression (SVR) and the firefly algorithm (FFA) is proposed to predict the minimum velocity required to avoid sediment settling in pipe channels, which is expressed as the densimetric Froude number (Fr). The efficiency of support vector machine (SVM) models depends on the suitable selection of SVM parameters. In this particular study, FFA is used by determining these SVM parameters. The actual effective parameters on Fr calculation are generally identified by employing dimensional analysis. The different dimensionless variables along with the models are introduced. The best performance is attributed to the model that employs the sediment volumetric concentration (CV), ratio of relative median diameter of particles to hydraulic radius (d/R), dimensionless particle number (Dgr) and overall sediment friction factor (λs) parameters to estimate Fr. The performance of the SVR-FFA model is compared with genetic programming, artificial neural network and existing regression-based equations. The results indicate the superior performance of SVR-FFA (mean absolute percentage error = 2.123%; root mean square error =0.116) compared with other methods.
From vision to action: roadmapping as a strategic method and tool to implement climate change adaptation – the example of the roadmap ‘water sensitive urban design 2020’
Authors: Hasse J. U. , Weingaertner D. E.
Published: February 2016

As the central product of the BMBF-KLIMZUG-funded Joint Network and Research Project (JNRP) ‘dynaklim – Dynamic adaptation of regional planning and development processes to the effects of climate change in the Emscher-Lippe region (North Rhine Westphalia, Germany)’, the Roadmap 2020 ‘Regional Climate Adaptation’ has been developed by the various regional stakeholders and institutions containing specific regional scenarios, strategies and adaptation measures applicable throughout the region. This paper presents the method, elements and main results of this regional roadmap process by using the example of the thematic sub-roadmap ‘Water Sensitive Urban Design 2020’. With a focus on the process support tool ‘KlimaFLEX’, one of the main adaptation measures of the WSUD 2020 roadmap, typical challenges for integrated climate change adaptation like scattered knowledge, knowledge gaps and divided responsibilities but also potential solutions and promising chances for urban development and urban water management are discussed. With the roadmap and the related tool, the relevant stakeholders of the Emscher-Lippe region have jointly developed important prerequisites to integrate their knowledge, to clarify vulnerabilities, adaptation goals, responsibilities and interests, and to foresightedly coordinate measures, resources, priorities and schedules for an efficient joint urban planning, well-grounded decision-making in times of continued uncertainties and step-by-step implementation of adaptation measures from now on.
Spectrophotometric investigation of the interactions between cationic (C.I. Basic Blue 9) and anionic (C.I. Acid Blue 25) dyes in adsorption onto extracted cellulose from Posidonia oceanic in single and binary system
Authors: Ben Douissa Najoua , Dridi-Dhaouadi Sonia , Mhenni Mohamed Farouk
Published: February 2016

Extracted cellulose from Posidonia oceanica was used as an adsorbent for removal of a cationic (Basic blue 9, BB) and anionic textile dye (Acid blue 25, AB) from aqueous solution in single dye system. Characterization of the extracted cellulose and extracted cellulose-dye systems were performed using several techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, zeta potential and Boehm acid–base titration method. Adsorption tests showed that the extracted cellulose presented higher adsorption of BB than AB in single dye system, revealing that electrostatic interactions are responsible, in the first instance, for the dye–adsorbent interaction. In single dye systems, the extracted cellulose presented the maximum adsorption capacities of BB and AB at 0.955 mmol.g−1 and 0.370 mmol.g−1, respectively. Adsorption experiments of AB dye on extracted cellulose saturated by BB dye exhibited the release of the latter dye from the sorbent which lead to dye–dye interaction in aqueous solution due to electrostatic attraction between both species. Interaction of BB and AB dyes were investigated using spectrophotometric analysis and results demonstrated the formation of a molecular complex detected at wavelengths 510 and 705 nm when anionic (AB) and cationic (BB) dye were taken in equimolar proportions. The adsorption isotherm of AB, taking into account the dye–dye interaction was investigated and showed that BB dye was released proportionately by AB equilibrium concentration. It was also observed that AB adsorption is widely enhanced when the formation of the molecular complex is disadvantaged.
Vehicle Effect on Vortex-induced Vibration of Flat Steel Box Girder
Authors: Yang Yang , Liang Zhang Liang , Bo Wu , Xin Ling
Published: February 2016

Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) occurs at low wind speed under normal condition, affected greatly by section type of bridge and its ancillary facilities. Few researches on VIV of vehicle-bridge system are conducted, and many researchers pointed that vehicle-bridge system should be paid attention to in wind tunnel test. In this paper, type of vehicle, number of vehicle and distance of traffic flow’s influence on VIV were studied with a flat steel box girder model. Results obtained from wind tunnel tests were displayed in order to prove the following rules: First of all, compared with conditions without vehicles, response of VIV is reduced severely when a vehicle is placed on the bridge. Secondly, response of VIV and range of VIV with three vehicles are greater than one vehicle on the bridge. At last, VIV is reduced when distance of traffic flow increases. Mechanism from fluid dynamic point view is given by simulating the working conditions with ANSYS 14.5.
Early Inspection of Weld Seams on Gas Pipelines Based on Metal Magnetic Memory Method
Authors: Liao Kexi , Long Lijia , Zhang Huaixin
Published: February 2016

In order to investigate the magnetic abnormality influenced by stress in weld seams, experiments on three types of weld seams were carried out and a stress concentration detection instrument - metal magnetic memory (MMM) tester was used. MMM tests on gas pipelines in Puguang initial station in China were conducted and compared MMM wave diagram and mathematical analysis of MMM data and the quantitative MMM characteristics of T weld, straight weld and girth weld. The experiment results showed that different weld seams have different MMM characteristics, types of defects can be identified based on magnetic anomaly signal waveform characteristics and quantitative MMM features which evaluate the pipeline defects quantitatively.
Kinetics of the sunflower oil ethanolysis using CaO as catalyst
Authors: Velickovic Ana , Avramovic Jelena , Stamenkovic Olivera , Veljkovic Vlada
Published: February 2016

The ethanolysis of sunflower oil catalyzed by calcium oxide was studied in
wider ranges of the reaction conditions: temperature 65-75?C,
ethanol-to-oil molar ratio 6:1-18:1 and catalyst loading 10-20% in order to
determine the reaction kinetics. The proposed kinetic model of the sunflower
oil ethanolysis included the changing and first-order reaction mechanism
with respect to triacylglycerols and fatty acid ethyl esters. The kinetic
parameters were determined and correlated with the process variables. The
Arrhenius equation could be applied to the reaction rate constant with the
activation energy of 94.0 kJ/mol. The proposed kinetic model showed a good
agreement with the experimental data with the mean relative percentage
deviation of ?13% (based on 256 data points).
Constraining Managers without Owners: Governance of the Not-for-Profit Enterprise
Authors: Desai Mihir A. , Yetman Robert J.
Published: February 2016

In the absence of owners, how effective are the constraints imposed by the state in promoting effective organization governance? This paper develops state-level indices of the governance environment facing not-for-profits and examines the effects of these rules on not-for-profit behavior. Stronger provisions aimed at detecting and punishing managerial misbehavior are associated with significantly greater charitable expenditures, increased foundation payouts, and lower managerial compensation. The paper also examines how governance influences an alternative metric of not-for-profit performance—the provision of social insurance. Stronger governance measures are associated with intertemporal smoothing of resources in response to economic shocks.

JEL Classifications: L30; G30; H40; K20.
Audit Firm Rotation, Auditor Specialization, and Audit Quality in the Municipal Audit Context
Authors: Elder Randal J. , Lowensohn Suzanne , Reck Jacqueline L.
Published: February 2016

The topic of audit firm rotation has been debated internationally for several decades. To inform the debate, we study the effects of audit firm rotation policies on audit quality in a government audit market. Using audit firm rotation data and audit quality measures from the Florida government audit market, a setting where procurement policies vary, we find that rotation policies are indirectly associated with higher audit quality. In particular, mediation analysis suggests that the consequences of policies that encourage Florida municipalities to consider rotation impact audit quality by encouraging the use of auditors that specialize in governmental audits, rather than auditor independence, which is frequently argued to support mandatory rotation.
Family or Future in the Academy?
Authors: Ahmad Seher
Published: February 2016

This article critically reviews recent literature on the relationship between family formation and academic-career progression, emphasizing obstacles women face seeking a tenured position and beyond. Evidence indicates that the pipeline model is dominated by “ideal worker” norms. These norms impose rigid, tightly coupled, sequential, time-bound requirements on aspiring academics, making the raising of young children and advancing an academic career incompatible. Studies indicate that women with PhDs and young children are disproportionately more likely to leak out of the tenure-track pipeline. Lack of family friendliness is one of the chief reasons why women opt out of tenure-track careers. One way to increase the proportion of tenured women is to adapt the pipeline model by bolstering institutional work–family policies and providing child care centers. Departmental leaders can ensure that making use of work–family policies does not negatively affect tenure decisions. Collecting longitudinal data to evaluate how well policies are working is critical.
Synthesis, Characterisation and Theoretical and Antibacterial Studies of Hg(II), Cd(II) and Ag(I) Complexes with a New Monodentate Phosphorus Ylide
Authors: Sabounchei Seyyed Javad , Zamanian Masoumeh , Pourshahbaz Mahbubeh , Bayat Mehdi , Karamian Roya , Asadbegy Mostafa
Published: February 2016

Reaction of a new phosphorus ylide ( p-tolyl)3P=CHC(O)C6H4( m-OCH3) (Y) with mercury(II) halides in equimolar ratios using methanol as solvent yielded binuclear complexes of the type [Y. HgX2]2 (X = Cl, Br, I). The ylide reacts with Hg(NO3)2.H2O and Cd(NO3)2.4H2O in the same solvent with equimolar ratios to give polynuclear complexes [M(Y)(NO3)(μ-NO3)]n (M = Hg, Cd) and with AgNO3 and AgOTf in 1:2 molar ratio to give mononuclear complexes [AgY2]Z [Z = NO3 or OTf]. A theoretical study of structure and bonding in [Y. HgX2]2 (X = Cl, Br, I) at the BP86/def2-SVP level of theory is reported and the synthesised compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against six Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria.