bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards the social prescription of the arts: The arts in health and social care in Malta
Authors: Visanich Valerie , Attard Toni
Published: June 2021

Recently, the notion of arts as therapy has been of growing interest to sociologists. The aim of this article is to evaluate community-based arts funded projects in terms of their priorities and effectiveness and discuss possibilities for enabling Arts on Prescription schemes in Malta. Thematically, this article explores discourse on the potential of the arts on promoting well-being. Methodologically, this article draws on primary data collected from focus groups, interviews and an online survey with project leaders and artists of funded arts projects targeting mental health, disability or old age. Specifically, this research evaluates all national funded community-based arts projects in Malta between 2014 to 2018 under a national scheme of the President’s Award for Creativity fund, managed by the national Arts Council Malta. Analysis of this data was used to inform the new national cultural policy on the implantation of the Arts on Prescription scheme in Malta.
La evolución del arquero en el contexto bélico griego
Authors: Vilariño Rodríguez José Javier
Published: June 2021

La trayectoria del arco en la Historia de Grecia va asociada a la transformación que se originó en el seno del ámbito militar. El escaso protagonismo que durante muchos siglos se concedió a los arqueros en el contexto bélico, dará un giro inesperado conel estallido de las Guerras Médicas. Posteriormente, el dramaturgo Eurípides convertirá a Heracles, uno de los arqueros más célebres del mundo helénico, en el portavoz del cambio que traerá consigo, la aceptación e incorporación definitiva de estos soldados como contingente de considerable valor dentro de los ejércitos griegos.
Religión, política y sociedad: los prodigia en la Roma republicana
Authors: Aldea Celada José Manuel
Published: June 2021

En esta comunicación se pretende hacer un estudio sistemático de lasfuentes literarias y bibliográficas que nos relatan o enumeran los prodigia para extraerlos y elaborar una base de datos. A partir de su elaboración, se hará un análisis estadístico que nos permita ver hasta qué punto la metodología estadística es aplicable y útil para la Historia Antigua, especialmente en la Roma republicana. Con los resultados del análisis estadístico se pretenderá aclarar, si es realmente posible, aspectos relativos a la posible implicación política de los prodigia, el papel de los sacerdocios públicos ante estos eventos y a la repercusión que todo ello pudo tener en la sociedad. La información estadística obtenida se presenta deforma clara y accesible, sin perderse en cifras y fórmulas que sólo nos apartarían de la investigación que deseamos llevar a cabo.
Aproximación a la iconografía de Roma Aeterna como vía de transmisión de un mito
Authors: Andrés Pérez Javier
Published: June 2021

La imagen verbal de Roma Aeterna es uno de los conceptos de mayor alcance en la Historia de Occidente. Su trayectoria discurre sin interrupción desde las postrimerías de la República Romana hasta finales del Bajo Imperio, manteniendo vivo su mensaje político en los siglos que siguieron a la desintegración del Imperio Romano.El objetivo de esta comunicación es acercarnos al mito de Roma Aeterna a través de las representaciones que dieron forma a este concepto, partiendo de los elementos iconográficos de época imperial, y continuando con aquéllos que sobrevivieron a la Roma paganamanteniendo vigente su significado primigenio. De esta forma, nos aproximaremos a una valoración global del empleo de determinadas imágenes, aún presentes en el imaginario colectivo sobre Roma, desde una perspectiva transversal, con objeto de mostrar la absolutanecesidad de establecer lazos entre diferentes ramas de los estudios históricos como son la Historia y el Arte.
La sîmîâ’ en Al-Andalus
Authors: Coullaut Cordero Jaime
Published: June 2021

Sīmiyā’ es una palabra árabe que en los diccionarios al uso suele traducirse como ‘magia blanca’ o ‘magia natural’. En efecto, la llamada “ciencia de la sīmiyā’” (‘ilm al-sīmiyā’) es un tipo de magia bien conocida en el mundo árabe desde la Edad Media hasta nuestrosdías. Tras discutir brevemente las etimologías propuestas para el término, repasaremos las definiciones que han dado de esta ciencia medieval autores clásicos como Šhihāb al-Dīn al-Qarāfī (s. XIII), Ibn Jaldūn (s. XIV) o Hāyŷī Jalīfa (s. XVII), subrayando sus divergencias.También comentaremos su práctica tal como se expone en algunos textos de ciencias ocultas antiguos.Tras ello, analizaremos el significado, conceptos básicos y práctica de la sīmiyā’ en al-Andalus, basándonos principalmente en la obra del autor sufí Muhammad b. ‘Alī b. Tūmart al-Andalusī (s. XIII - XIV) titulada Kanz al-‘ulūm wa-l-durr al-manzūm (“El Tesoro de las cienciasy la Perla ensartada”), donde dedica un breve capítulo a dicha ciencia, lo que nos llevará a relacionar el sufismo con la práctica de las ciencias ocultas en el mundo islámico.
La revisión de los temas de la Antigüedad en la pintura de Historia Española del siglo XIX: Entre la evocación del pasado y la legitimación del poder
Authors: Álvarez Rodríguez María Victoria
Published: June 2021

Tradicionalmente se ha considerado la pintura de historia como la parcela más importante de las artes plásticas del siglo XIX. Tanto en el Neoclasicismo como en el Romanticismo, y hasta más adelante, en pleno Realismo, se convirtió en una especie de escaparate de los avances técnicos y compositivos que caracterizaron la evolución del arte de esta centuria, así como de sus presupuestos teóricos y el aliento estético de sus obras. Pero esta misma evolución también se percibió en los propios temas que se representaron. La Antigüedad, entendida como un modelo de virtud, tanto artística como política, presidió buena parte de las creaciones de nuestros pintores. La repetición de temas heroicoscomo la caída de Numancia y de Sagunto se convirtió en una constante, deviniendo en un hito en la Historia del Arte. Nos proponemos estudiar la incidencia que alcanzaron estas representaciones de la Antigüedad a nivel nacional, una muestra de cómo los artistas españoles supieron prestar su personalidad a un género pictórico que se suele considerar eminentemente europeo en cuanto a sus orígenes, evolución y características.
Neoclasicismo, cementerios e Ilustración en Cuba en las primeras décadas del siglo XIX
Authors: Laguna Enrique Martha Elizabeth
Published: June 2021

La historia de la arquitectura funeraria en La Habana, comenzó con laconstrucción del Cementerio General (1806), auspiciado por el obispo vasco Juan José Díaz de Espada, primer campo santo que se construyó en Hispanoamérica, como consecuencia de la Real Cédula de Carlos III, fechada el tres de abril de 1787, que obligó a todos los ayuntamientosa erigir necrópolis municipales en lugares apartados de los núcleos urbanos y que acabó con la costumbre de enterrar en las iglesias y conventos.Ese recinto funerario inicial, ya desaparecido, fue realizado por el arquitecto francés Étienne-Sulpice Hallet, figura poco estudiada en el contexto cubano y que introdujo el neoclasicismo dentro de la arquitectura habanera. La presente comunicación plantea un acercamiento al tema del desarrollo de las ideas ilustradas en Cuba y la difusión del neoclasicismo como estilo dominante en la arquitectura funeraria de la isla, durante las primeras décadasdel siglo XIX.
Revealing performance factors for supply chain sustainability: A systematic literature review from a social capital perspective
Authors: Dias Gustavo Picanço , Silva Minelle
Published: June 2021

Goal: The supply chain sustainability (SCS) literature is missing studies that specifically analyse factors that impact sustainability performance in supply chains, according to specific theoretical backgrounds. Within this context, this paper aims to understand how and why social capital theory (SCT) can inspire SCS studies and practice. In doing so, two research questions are addressed: (1) How has the SCS literature evolved in its application of the social capital theory?, and (2) What are the main sustainability performance factors studied in SCS?.

Design / Methodology / Approach: A systematic literature review was developed. Data were collected from 12 years (2008–2019) in two databases (i.e. EBSCO and Web of Science) and a total of 56 articles were selected and analysed through deductive and inductive content analysis. 

Results:  The analysis revealed 24 performance factors that influence SCS research throughout the three sustainability dimensions (i.e. economic, environmental and social). We found that social capital makes a significant conceptual contribution to understanding how the supply chain practices (i.e. cooperation, coordination, collaboration, resource exchanges and information sharing) explain how relationships are formed and interrelated to improve SCS performance.

Limitations of the investigation: The use of two databases may present limited results, which may have resulted in missing publications.

Practical implications: By recognising the performance factor for SCS, managers can identify their supply chain practices and increase their strategies within the relationship.

Originality / Value: By revealing the performance factors that can increase SCS, this paper reinforce how powerful SCT is to explain SCS performance.
Pandemie-Leugnung und extreme Rechte
Authors: Virchow Fabian , Häusler Alexander
Published: June 2021

Protests against the measures taken to contain the Covid 19 pandemic have occurred in numerous European countries since the spring of 2020. Some of these have pointed to serious political consequences (democratic deficit) or negative economic impacts; others have spread narratives about the “true background” of the pandemic or the measures taken in the political arena. In view of the symbols of the extreme right that already appeared in the early phase of the protests, such as flags in the colors black-white-red, the question was quickly discussed to what extent and with what prospects of success protagonists of the extreme right participated in these protests. This article is based on a study that investigated these questions using the example of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is supplemented and updated by selected results of other studies.
Strategien und Dilemmata beim Abstand halten gegen Rechts
Authors: Mühe Marieluise
Published: June 2021

Das Jahr 2020 markiert für die Protest- und Bewegungslandschaft eine Zäsur: Besonders die Gegenproteste zu Rechts befanden sich in einem verschärften Spannungsfeld zwischen pandemiebedingten Einschränkungen und den Mobilisierungserfolgen der aufkommenden Proteste gegen die staatlichen Corona-Eindämmungsmaßnahmen. Der Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel des Bündnisses für ein weltoffenes und tolerantes Berlin, welche Herausforderungen und Konsequenzen für das gemeinsame Handeln die Corona-Pandemie aus der Sicht zivilgesellschaftlicher Akteure mit sich bringt. Dabei wird die These vertreten, dass die Risiken und Beschränkungen durch die pandemische Lage kombiniert mit der Gefahr der neuen rechtsoffenen Allianzen demobilisierend wirkten und diese Verdichtung an Bedrohungen eine Neuausrichtung zur Folge hatte.
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of olive leaf extract treatment in diabetic rat brain
Authors: Berköz Mehmet , Kahraman Tahir , Shamsulddin Zwain Nozad , Krośniak Mirosław
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Olive (Olea europaea L.) plays a promising role in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic production. On the other hand, olive leaf is widely used in folk medicine due to its antihyperglycemic activity. For this aim, possible effects of olive leaf extract (OLE) in the brain tissue of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were investigated.

Methods

A total of 28 male rats were divided into four equal groups as control, diabetic (single dose of 45 mg/kg streptozotocin, i.p.), OLE (500 mg/kg/day), and diabetic + OLE groups. The study was terminated 21 days after the diabetes model was formed. At the end of the study, all the animals were sacrificed and blood and brain tissues were isolated. Relative brain weights, complete blood count, blood glycated hemoglobin, serum glucose, total protein, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, gonadal hormone levels, production and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators, total thiol, total oxidative stress, and total antioxidant status levels and fatty acid composition in brain tissue were measured in all study groups.

Results

In diabetic rats, relative brain weight and serum insulin level decreased, glycated hemoglobin, oxidative stress, production and mRNA level of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators increased, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, degraded fatty acid composition, anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia occurred. After OLE treatment, a remarkable improvement in most of these parameters, except gonadal hormones, has been observed in diabetic rats.

Conclusions

This study suggests that olive leaf can be a precious neuroprotective agent in diabetes.
The onager kings of Anatolia: Hartapus, Gordis, Muška and the steppe strand in early Phrygian culture
Authors: Oreshko Rostislav
Published: June 2021

The article discusses a complex of questions associated with the king Ḫartapus and early culture of the Phrygians. §§ 1-3 revise the evidence of the newly discovered HLuw. inscription TÜRKMEN-KARAHÖYÜK, arguing that the correct reading of king’s name in the first line is AQUILA+ra/i-tá-pu-sa = Ḫartapus, and (once again) that the king is not a conqueror, but a native king of Masa or Muška, who reigned in the late 2nd millennium BC. In §§ 4-5 it is suggested that HLuw. Ḫartapus conceals an early Phrygian name preserved in the toponym *Γαρδιβιον (*Γαρδυβιον) attested in the inscriptions of the Xenoi Tekmoreioi. §§ 6-11 argue that the name *Gardabos is connected with Sanskrit gardabhá- ‘donkey’, that it corresponds semantically to the west-Anatolian names Tarkasnawas and Tarkašnalliš, and that donkey ears of King Midas are a late ‘refraction’ of this fact. § 12 discusses the morphological structure of *Gardabos, revising the PIE suffix *-bho- and suggesting new cognates for Skr. gard- ‘shout’ (Armenian kard- and Baltic gerd-). §§ 13-14 discuss a probable steppe background of the ‘donkey-names’. In § 15 it is suggested that Phrygian name Gordis is based on the same root as *Gardabos, and some relevant Phrygian epigraphical evidence is presented. § 16 discusses a further probable Anatolian ‘donkey-name’, Mugallu and its likely cognate μύκαλος. §§ 17-18 touch upon the etymology of the ethnic names Masa and Muška, connecting them with the word for ‘mule’ preserved in the modern Balkan languages (Alb. mushk(ë) etc.), and, more speculatively, with the old Balkan word for ‘horse’ (*me(n)za-). § 19 argues that the ethnic name Φρύγες may have a similar original meaning, going back to another Balkan term for ‘donkey’, βρικός.
Disproving a conjecture of Thornton on Bohemian matrices
Authors: Du Zhibin , da Fonseca Carlos M. , Xu Yingqiu , Ye Jiahao
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we disprove a remaining conjecture about Bohemian matrices, in which the numbers of distinct determinants of a normalized Bohemian upper-Hessenberg matrix were conjectured.
M-polynomial-based topological indices of metal-organic networks
Authors: Kashif Agha , Aftab Sumaira , Javaid Muhammad , Awais Hafiz Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Topological index (TI) is a numerical invariant that helps to understand the natural relationship of the physicochemical properties of a compound in its primary structure. George Polya introduced the idea of counting polynomials in chemical graph theory and Winer made the use of TI in chemical compounds working on the paraffin's boiling point. The literature of the topological indices and counting polynomials of different graphs has grown extremely since that time. Metal-organic network (MON) is a group of different chemical compounds that consist of metal ions and organic ligands to represent unique morphology, excellent chemical stability, large pore volume, and very high surface area. Working on structures, characteristics, and synthesis of various MONs show the importance of these networks with useful applications, such as sensing of different gases, assessment of chemicals, environmental hazard, heterogeneous catalysis, gas and energy storage devices of excellent material, conducting solids, super-capacitors and catalysis for the purification, and separation of different gases. The above-mentioned properties and physical stability of these MONs become a most discussed topic nowadays. In this paper, we calculate the M-polynomials and various TIs based on these polynomials for two different MONs. A comparison among the aforesaid topological indices is also included to represent the better one.
Production of voice onset time (VOT) by senior Polish learners of English
Authors: Sypiańska Jolanta
Published: June 2021

Although research on foreign language learning among seniors has recently accelerated, studies on L2 phonology in this age group remain scarce. Seniors may be at a great disadvantage when it comes to learning the sounds of a foreign language because age of onset has been shown to correlate negatively with ultimate attainment especially for phonology (Piske et al. 2001). However, this is all the more reason to attempt a better understanding of the mechanisms of senior. This paper offers an attempt at shedding light on how senior learners with an age of L2 onset above 60 produce voiced and voiceless L2 word-initial stops. Twenty L1 Polish senior learners of English were asked to read a list of words containing word-initial voiced and voiceless plosives in their L2 English at A2+/B1 level according to CEFR. The results show that the senior Polish learners of English produce an in-between category for the English stops (with VOT longer than for Polish, but shorter than native English). The senior learners also experienced L1 drift, but mostly in the voiceless L1 Polish stops.
Landscape archaeology of Roman gold mining in Lusitania: the ‘Aurifer Tagus’ project
Authors: Currás Brais X. , Sánchez-Palencia F. Javier
Published: June 2021

Taking a landscape-based approach, the Aurifer Tagus project has demonstrated the significance of gold mining in the Roman province of Lusitania. New radiocarbon dates reveal the foundation, use and abandonment of the Covão do Urso and Mina da Presa mining sites. Combined with ancient literature, this evidence sheds light on the territory's organisation and the evolution of its social structure.
Andean Man & the Astronaut
Authors: Bimm Jordan
Published: June 2021

In 1958, Bruno Balke, a former German Luftwaffe doctor working for the United States Air Force (USAF), led a team of airmen up Colorado’s Mount Evans. Could acclimatization to the thin mountain air boost the oxygen efficiency of future astronauts living in artificial low-pressure spacecraft environments? To judge their improvement, Balke, an expert in the nascent field of space medicine, compared their performance not with military test-pilots, but with high-altitude Indigenous people he had studied in the Peruvian Andes. This article expands discussions of race in space history beyond Black scientists, mathematicians, and pilots in the Civil Rights era to this earlier case of the permanent residents of Morococha, Peru, who participated in efforts to define an ideal spacefaring body. More than recovering the story of a nearly forgotten group of astronaut-adjacent test-subjects, this article shows how racial discrimination in space medicine functioned by inclusion. Balke studied and even celebrated the bodies of Morocochans, but never considered them potential astronauts. This article begins with Balke’s participation in the 1938 Nazi-funded expedition to summit Nanga Parbat in the Himalayas, and his follow-on work acclimatizing Luftwaffe pilots during World War Two. Then it focuses on his USAF work in the 1950s studying miners living and working in Morococha, Peru, and his attempt to replicate their altitude tolerance in American airmen on Mount Evans. Recovering Balke’s work places the high-altitude Indigenous person and the mountaineer alongside the familiar figure of the pilot in the genealogy of the early American astronaut.
Starokršćanske staklene svjetiljke
Authors: Nikolić Petra
Published: June 2021

Staklene svjetiljke važan su dio materijalne kulture starokršćanskih lokaliteta. Predstavljaju gotovo neizostavan dio liturgijskog namještaja crkvenih prostora od druge polovice 4. stoljeća o čijoj važnosti svjedoče brojni tekstovi i likovni prikazi. Osim oko crkvenih objekata, svjetiljke su čest nalaz i na nekropolama, gdje su osim funkcionalnog mogle imati i simbolički karakter. Unutar istraživanja javljaju se različiti oblici koji se mogu podijeliti u pet osnovnih oblika: svjetiljke u obliku šalice/zdjelice (Uboldi I), konične svjetiljke (Uboldi II), svjetiljke koje završavaju dnom s ispupčenjem (Uboldi III), svjetiljke u obliku lijevka (Uboldi IV) te svjetiljke u obliku kaleža (Uboldi V), uglavnom datiranih od kraja 4. do 8. stoljeća. Staklene svjetiljke sastojale su se od staklenog recipijenta punjenog vodom i slojem ulja na kojem je mogao plutati fitilj. U odnosu na glinene i metalne uljanice, staklene su predstavljale znatan napredak jer su s istom količinom ulja omogućavale su dvostruko više svjetla. Rezultat je to prozirnih stjenki kroz koje se sjaj plamena lako širio. Paralelno s širenjem uporabe staklenih svjetiljki razvijaju se i dijelovi koji su zajedno sa staklenim recipijentima činili dio rasvjetnog uređaja. Osim staklenih dijelova, elementi rasvjetnog uređaja bili su i držači fitilja te metalni elementi (monokandila i polikandila) koji su omogućavali vješanje svjetiljki.
Važnost ekološkog dizajna u kružnoj ekonomiji s naglaskom na eko namještaj
Authors: Trošić Anamarija
Published: June 2021

Zbog povećanja ekoloških problema posljednjih godina u svijetu, uzrokovanih ponajviše vanjskotrgovinskim poslovanjem, nužne su promjene i uvođenje ekoloških pristupa u poslovanje kompanija. Ekološki dizajn snažan je alat koji pomiče granice u dizajniranju, a ujedno sudjeluje u podizanju svijesti o očuvanju okoliša. Istodobno smanjuje onečišćenje okoliša i troškove te povećava ekološku učinkovitost i profitabilnost organizacija. Smanjenje troškova može biti posebno važan čimbenik za privlačenje tvrtki da uvedu i primijene ovu disciplinu. Povezuje se s kružnom ekonomijom i održivim razvojem te predlaže upute dizajnerima kako bi smanjili svoj negativni utjecaj na okruženje, birajući ekološki prihvatljive materijale, procese i tehnologiju. Nužno je dati prioritet razvoju tehnologije dizajniranja zelenih materijala i tehnologije dizajna, tehnikama dizajna za čišćenje boja i spojeva te tehnikama dizajna za čisti okoliš. Svrha članka je pružiti javnosti dublje razumijevanje o nužnosti uporabe više zelenih proizvoda i namještaja. Poduzeća se trebaju usredotočiti na marketing održivog namještaja u većoj mjeri kako bi se povećala kupnja, ali i svijest o potrošnji zelenog namještaja. Industrija namještaja jedna je od onih koje se zauzimaju za unaprjeđenje svojih djelovanja na teritoriju zaštite okoliša. Ekološki namještaj lako se popravlja, rastavlja i reciklira, te je prisutna osviještenost pri njegovu oblikovanju, proizvodnji i krajnjoj upotrebi. Tvrtka Era grupa d.o.o. bavi se ekološkim namještajem koji je dizajniran i proizveden u Hrvatskoj te je dostigla stupanj visoke ekološke i etičke osviještenosti. Cilj je imati djelovanje na kvalitativno poboljšanje proizvoda u sektoru namještaja, koje se temelji na korištenju ekološkog dizajna u svim fazama proizvodnje i smanjenju emisija štetnih tvari te ujedno poštivanju zdravlja i sigurnosti radnika i krajnjih korisnika. Također, želja im je osnovati prepoznatljiv hrvatski ekološki dizajn koji je utjecati na konkurentnost hrvatskoga proizvoda u svijetu.
ENDOCRINE TUMOURS: Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma: a structured review of 535 adult cases
Authors: De Herdt Carlien , Philipse Eva , De Block Christophe
Published: June 2021

Background and aims

Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas (TSHomas) are a rare entity, occurring in one per million people. We performed a systematic review of 535 adult cases summarizing the clinical, biochemical, hormonal and radiological characteristics of TSHoma. Furthermore, we discussed the current guidelines for diagnosis and treatment.

Methods

A structured research was conducted using Pubmed and Web of Science with the following MeSH terms: 'thyrotropin secreting pituitary adenoma' OR 'TSHoma' OR 'thyrotropinoma.'

Results

Our analysis included 535 cases originating from 18 case series, 5 cohort studies and 91 case reports. The mean age at diagnosis was 46 years. At presentation, 75% had symptoms of hyperthyroidism, 55.5% presented with a goitre and 24.9% had visual field defects. The median TSH at diagnosis was 5.16 (3.20–7.43) mU/L with a mean FT4 of 41.5 ± 15.3 pmol/L. The majority (76.9%) of the TSHomas were macroadenoma. Plurihormonality was seen in 37.4% of the adenoma with a higher incidence in macroadenoma. Surgical resection of the adenoma was performed in 87.7% of patients of which 33.5% had residual pituitary adenoma. Post-operative treatment with a somatostatin analogue (SSA) led to a stable disease in 81.3% of the cases with residual tumour. We noticed a significant correlation between the diameter of the adenoma and residual pituitary adenoma (r = 0.490, P  < 0.001). However, in patients preoperatively treated with an SSA, this correlation was absent.

Conclusion

TSHomas are a rare cause of hyperthyroidism and are frequently misdiagnosed. Based on our structured analysis of case series, cohort studies and case reports, we conclude that the majority of TSHomas are macroadenoma being diagnosed in the fifth to sixth decade of life and presenting with symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Plurihormonalitiy is observed in one-third of TSHomas. Treatment consists of neurosurgical resection and SSA in case of surgical failure.
Using Songs to Improve EFL Students' Pronunciation
Authors: Villalobos Ulate Nuria
Published: June 2021

Se analiza la utilidad de las canciones en las clases de inglés y cómo pueden usarse para la enseñanza de la pronunciación. Estudiantes de todas las edades tienen un gran interés por la música, de modo que es un recurso que debe aprovecharse. Con el fin de comprender y mejorar la producción de distintos sonidos y elementos suprasegmentales, se presenta a los profesores de inglés como lengua extranjera para hispanohablantes estas ideas para usar canciones en la clase. Esta invéstigación está basada en la experiencia de la autora como aprendiente y docente de la lengua extranjera.The importance of using songs in the English classroom and how it can be implemented to teach pronunciation is analyzed here. Students of all ages have a strong i  nterest in music; therefore, it is a resource that should be taken into account. To understand and improve the production of varied sounds and suprasegmental features, English as a Foreign Language teachers of Spanish speakers are given these ideas to analyze songs in class. This research is based on the author's experience as a foreign language leamer and teacher.
Constructivism and ICTs to Improve Language Skills
Authors: Rodríguez Salazar Sonia
Published: June 2021

Se examina la experiencia de los estudiantes y los profesores de dos grupos de un curso de Elocución con el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TICs), para mejorar sus habilidades de expresión oral en inglés. Se presenta el diseño del curso y la metodología en la cual se fundamentó, así como las apreciaciones de los trabajos de estos a lumnos a la hora de mejorar las habilidades comunicativas orales por medio del enfoque constructivista. Se incluyen recomendaciones para poner en práctica esta metodología.A description is provided here of the experience of the students and teachers of two Elocution courses in which Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) were used to improve oral communication skills in English. Reference is made to the design of the course and the methodology it is based on, together with some insights of the assignments that students did to improve their English speaking skills through the constructivism approach. Recommendations are also provided for others interested in using this type of methodology.
Aristóteles introducido por Juan Gerson: La teoría de la conquista de Vasco de Quiroga (1470?-1565)
Authors: Schäfer Christian
Published: June 2021

En su Información en Derecho, Vasco de Quiroga (1470?-1565) discute la teoría de la guerra justa de su tiempo, proponiendo una perspectiva muy sui generis del problema. Desestima e incluso ataca las doctrinas tradicionales justificatorias de la Conquista, que procuraron legitimarla por la idolatría, la agresión contra los españoles, o las infracciones contra la ley natural por parte de los indígenas. Por su lado, Quiroga elabora una teoría que, basada en la filosofía política de Aristóteles, permite la conquista del Nuevo Mundo arguyendo que no existía autoridad política legítima en la América precolombina. En este artículo, intentaré dilucidar esta interpretación quiroguiana de Aristóteles y la aplicación de esta interpretación al caso de la Nueva España.
Lectura de Domingo de Soto del De legibus ciceroniano: El binomio ley eterna-racionalidad en De Iustitia et Iure
Authors: Corso de Estrada Laura
Published: June 2021

Los escritos ciceronianos son fuente de transmisión crítica del legado estoico y, asimismo, de una reelaboración que conlleva componentes de enseñanza platónico-académica que autores escolásticos recogieron con motivo del tratamiento de la quaestio de la ley. En este artículo, me propongo llevar a cabo una exégesis del De Iustitia et Iure I de Domingo de Soto con el objeto de examinar las aportaciones del De legibus de Cicerón en exposiciones del maestro de Salamanca sobre el binomio: ley eterna-racionalidad.
noción de ley de Gabriel Vázquez de Belmonte
Authors: Faraco Cintia
Published: June 2021

El presente ensayo tiene el objetivo de poner de relieve la visión filosófico-jurídico-política que se puede extraer de la lectura de la obra vazqueciana. El tema de la ley se trata precisamente en la disputatio 150 del Commentariorum, ac disputationum in primam secundae S. Thomae, que se subdivide en cuatro capítulos cuyo objetivo es aclarar la personal visión del autor.
John Locke: los racionales, las bestias y la resistencia
Authors: Fernández Peychaux Diego A.
Published: June 2021

En los Dos tratados sobre el gobierno civil, Locke distingue a las asociaciones de las sociedades políticas. Solo en las sociedades políticas existen una ley común, una judicatura a la que apelar con autoridad para decidir entre las controversias y un poder colectivo suficiente para castigar a los infractores. Al hacer esta distinción, Locke pareciera afirmar que la sociedad política subsiste mientras cesen los conflictos naturales, pero también, y no menos importante, que no hay verdaderos vínculos políticos hasta que tales disputas no cesan. Dicho de otro modo, el ámbito político lockeano aparece vaciado de conflictividad. Locke recurre en dicho “vaciamiento” a diversas figuras (el ladrón, el animal, el testarudo, el descontento alborotador, el tirano) para despolitizar los conflictos remanentes o ulteriores sobre las normas comunes. En todas ellas subyace la identificación de lo racional con lo político y con lo humano. En el artículo se propone un análisis de dichas figuras para mostrar que Locke llama “resistencia” o “rebelión” a la expresión de una crisis hegemónica en la que esas identificaciones de lo humano con lo racional y de lo racional con lo político se desestabilizan.
filosofía en torno al sujeto en la auto antología poética de Borges
Authors: Barraca Mairal Javier
Published: June 2021

En este artículo, se reflexiona acerca de las relaciones establecidas entre filosofía y literatura, articuladas en torno al eje de la subjetividad, en la antología realizada por el propio Borges de la poesía que escribió entre 1923 y 1977. Se estudia, en esta obra concreta, el tema de las raíces del sujeto o de la identidad personal y sus hondos vínculos con la alteridad. Se pone en contacto su perspectiva con la de otros poetas y pensadores contemporáneos. Finalmente, se concluye que su esfuerzo se revela como una profunda búsqueda de la propia subjetividad gracias la creatividad. Otras claves borgianas en torno al sujeto se encuentran en su recurso a los diferentes niveles de la realidad, las relaciones intersubjetivas, el infinito y la gratitud.
El debate entre nacionalismo y republicanismo en el pensamiento irreligioso de Gonzalo Puente Ojea
Authors: López Muñoz Miguel Ángel
Published: June 2021

Sobre el trasfondo dialéctico del problema general de la relación entre la “cuestión nacional” y la “cuestión social” del marxismo, bajo el título “Nacionalismo e izquierda española” se problematiza tanto la relación histórica y actual entre las izquierdas y los nacionalismos españoles (el unitario y los disgregadores), como las soluciones que se aportan para resolver un conflicto con posiciones cada vez más enconadas e irreconciliables desde el reciente proceso separatista llevado a cabo a través del Parlamento catalán. En su exposición se tomará como punto de partida el planteamiento y la solución al problema de una posición nítidamente republicanista como la que expone Gonzalo Puente Ojea en su artículo titulado “El conflicto vasco”, de 2001, sometido a análisis y crítica.
Derivateclearing post-Brexit: Extraterritoriale Rechtsanwendung unter dem neuen Paradigma einer gemeinsamen Aufsicht
Authors: Lehmann Matthias
Published: June 2021

Der Austritt des Vereinigten Königreichs aus der EU und der Ablauf der Übergangsfrist haben zu Spannungen zwischen London und Brüssel geführt. Einer der wichtigsten Streitpunkte ist die Lokalisierung des Clearings von Derivaten, insbesondere solcher, die in Euro denominiert sind. Kann diese wie gehabt durch große zentrale Kontrahenten in London durchgeführt werden? Oder ist es aus Gründen der Finanzstabilität erforderlich, diese auf das europäische Festland zu verlagern? Der Beitrag beleuchtet die ökonomischen und rechtlichen Hintergründe der Entscheidung und zeigt einen Ausweg auf.
Effects of torrefaction pretreatment and Mg-Al modified HZSM-5 catalysts on components distribution in bio-oils from camphorwood pyrolysis
Authors: Liu Wei-Dong , Liu Shan-Jian , Li Yong-Jun , Zhao An , Bi Dong-Mei , Lin Zhi-Dong
Published: June 2021

Torrefaction pretreatment conducted at a low temperature is an important technique for refining the bio-oil and improving the production of some chemicals in the bio-oil (e.g. aromatic hydrocarbons). In this work, the effects of torrefaction temperature and catalysts on the yields of pyrolysis products and components distribution in the bio-oils were analyzed. The weak acid sites shifted to higher temperature as the HZSM-5 was modified by Mg2+ or Al3+. The catalytic pyrolysis from camphorwood was done at pyrolysis of 450 °C and torrefaction temperature of 200 °C. The catalysts remarkably influenced the yields of bio-oil and components distribution. The catalysts increased the production of phenols. The content of phenols in the resulting bio-oil exhibited the following trend: HZSM-5 < MgO-modified HZSM-5 < Al2O3-modified HZSM-5. In addition, the content of 2,6-dimethoxyphenol was the highest among all phenol components (5.58%). The production of aldehydes was remarkably improved by the Al2O3-modified HZSM-5, resulting in a maximum content of 8.21%. Thus the torrefaction temperature and catalysts would refine the bio-oil (such as the acid value decreased) and significantly improve the contents of components (such as D-allose, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propeny)-phenol, 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene, and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol). The results provide a theoretical basis for the resource recovery of biomass.
Camellia oleifera shell as a potential agricultural by-product for paper production
Authors: Gao Wenhua , Huang Luyao , Lei Zhihui , Wang Zhiwei
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate a potential biorefinery process to realize the high utilization of Camellia oleifera shell (COS), which is an agricultural by-product mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Before treatment by steam explosion, the COS was impregnated with water, 3.0 wt% NaOH solution, or 3.0 wt% H2SO4 solution. The morphological structure and chemical composition of the steam-exploded COS pulp were investigated. The results indicated that the impregnation treatments increased the cellulose content of the steam-exploded COS pulp and decreased the hemicellulose and lignin content. The morphology of steam-exploded COS fiber was short, coarse and stiff. Hydrophobic and colorful handsheets were fabricated by mixing proportional bleached softwood fiber. This study demonstrated that COS was a potential material for the papermaking industry, and the combination of water impregnation and steam explosion treatment for COS was a good pulp process.
Land use impact of maritime pine and eucalypt: A life cycle assessment study
Authors: Ferreira José , Esteves Bruno , Ayata Ümit , Cruz-Lopes Luisa , Domingos Idalina
Published: June 2021

The forestry sector in Portugal faces important challenges, resulting in an increased incidence of fires and the action of pathogens, which puts the sustainability of forest resources at risk. Due to the economic, social, and environmental importance of forests, this work assessed the land use environmental impact of maritime pine and eucalypt standing in Portuguese forests. SimaPro software was used to translate the inventory table results into land use impact category. The ILCD 2011 Midpoint+ method was chosen to assess the “land use” environmental impact that focuses on soil quality and its indicator (kg carbon deficit), which describes the changes in soil organic matter associated with land interventions. The results showed that for the first rotation time, the land use impact category per cubic meter of maritime pine is 18423 kg C deficit and 23430 kg C deficit for eucalypt, which means that the land use impact category of eucalypt is 27% higher than the impact of maritime pine.
Analytical review of approaches to integration of software systems
Authors:   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine, Dyvak Y.A.
Published: June 2021

Conducted comparison analysis of existing approaches to integrations of software systems, with the purpose of continuous design of new alternative approaches for resolving integration tasks and web-service composition tasks. Conducted integration of payment system with online store with one of the mentioned approaches for a deeper understanding of problems that caused during the integrations of a software system. Were considered challenges that actual for integration developers during the integrations and methods for resolving raised issues. Defined the key moments of integrations of software systems and interactions between them that we should pay attention to. The subject of research needs a new point s of view to the issue and new alternative approaches that might bring more flexibility, increase performance, and they will find the right place for applying in the field of integrations of software systems and the composition of web-services.
Técnicas de extracción de clavos endomedulares retrógrados de fémur rotos. Presentación de tres casos
Authors: Lobo Jonatan Alejandro , Pereira Sebastián , Bidolegui Fernando
Published: June 2021

Introducción: La indicación de realizar una osteosíntesis con un clavo endomedular retrógrado en las fracturas de fémur se ha incrementado en los últimos años y, con ello, la cantidad de complicaciones. Se describen tres técnicas quirúrgicas para el manejo del fragmento proximal de la osteosíntesis endomedular rota. Desde marzo de 2001 hasta enero de 2019, se realizaron 321 osteosíntesis con clavos endomedulares retrógrados de fémur en nuestra institución. La tasa de rotura del implante asociada a una seudoartrosis fue del 0,9%. Se realizaron técnicas mínimamente invasivas para la extracción del implante, preservando las partes blandas. Se logró la reosteosíntesis definitiva con la consiguiente consolidación en un tiempo medio de 140 días.
Conclusiones: Las técnicas utilizadas fueron simples, seguras, mínimamente invasivas y muy reproducibles.
Devices for Administering Ventilation at Birth: A Systematic Review
Authors: Trevisanuto Daniele , Roehr Charles Christoph , Davis Peter G. , Schmölzer Georg M. , Wyckoff Myra Helen , Liley Helen G. , Rabi Yacov , Weiner Gary Marshall
Published: June 2021

CONTEXT

Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) is the most important intervention during neonatal resuscitation.

OBJECTIVE

To compare T-piece resuscitators (TPRs), self-inflating bags (SIBs), and flow-inflating bags for newborns receiving PPV during delivery room resuscitation.

DATA SOURCES

Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and trial registries (inception to December 2020).

STUDY SELECTION

Randomized, quasi-randomized, interrupted time series, controlled before-and-after, and cohort studies were included without language restrictions.

DATA EXTRACTION

Two researchers independently extracted data, assessed the risk of bias, and evaluated the certainty of evidence. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. When appropriate, data were pooled by using fixed-effect models.

RESULTS

Meta-analysis of 4 randomized controlled trials (1247 patients) revealed no significant difference between TPR and SIB for in-hospital mortality (risk ratio 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.40 to 1.34). Resuscitation with a TPR resulted in a shorter duration of PPV (mean difference −19.8 seconds; 95% CI −27.7 to −12.0 seconds) and lower risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (risk ratio 0.64; 95% CI 0.43 to 0.95; number needed to treat 32). No differences in clinically relevant outcomes were found in 2 randomized controlled trials used to compare SIBs with and without positive end-expiratory pressure valves. No studies used to evaluate flow-inflating bags were found.

LIMITATIONS

Certainty of evidence was very low or low for most outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

Resuscitation with a TPR compared with an SIB reduces the duration of PPV and risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. A strong recommendation cannot be made because of the low certainty of evidence. There is insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of positive end-expiratory pressure valves when used with SIBs.
Integration of IBL and CLIL in Preparing Prospective Teachers for Teaching Natural Sciences in Multilingual Environment
Authors: Babich Irina M. , Omarova Vera K. , Baratova Aliya A. , Churkina Natalia I.
Published: June 2021

Introduction. The relevance of the problem of preparing prospective teachers of natural sciences for teaching in several languages is determined by the social need of society. Insufficient practical training of young specialists requires the search for effective methods to help solve the problem. The aim of the research was to study the impact of the integration of IBL and CLIL methods on the quality of prospective teachers’ preparation to teach science subjects (taking Chemistry as an example) in English. The integration of CLIL and IBL methods is proposed to prepare prospective teachers of natural sciences for teaching in English which serves as a foreign language in a multilingual environment. Materials and Methods.Using the methods of pedagogical experiment, observation, testing, analysis of lesson recordings, descriptive and mathematical statistics, prospective science teachers’ speech acts as indicators of effective training were analyzed during the period of pedagogical apprenticeship. The research was carried out before and after learning in two groups of students studying with application of the CLIL method (control group) and the integration of IBL and CLIL (experimental group). Results. Obtained results demonstrate the non-random pattern of the changes between the two groups of students. Experimental students expressed more directives. A significant increase was observed in high-level questions at the stages of lessons with the organization of independent student research. The types of directive acts have become more diverse than in the control group. The integration of the CLIL and IBL methods had a positive effect on the growth of indicators of the quality of student preparation. Discussion and Conclusion. The presented results can be used to prepare prospective science teachers for teaching subjects in any second language. The results will be relevant for university lecturers in European and CIS countries who are looking for effective ways to train multilingual teachers.
Ultrasound evaluation of the scapholunate ligament and scapholunate joint space in patients with wrist complaints in a rheumatologic setting
Authors:   Rheumatology Unit, University of Siena, Italy, Falsetti Paolo , Conticini Edoardo , Baldi Caterina , Bardelli Marco , Al Khayyat Suhel Gabriele , D’Alessandro Roberto , Cantarini Luca , Frediani Bruno
Published: June 2021

Aim: The aims of the study were to perform an ultrasound assessment of the dorsal portion of the scapholunate interosseous ligament and scapholunate joint space in patients with wrist complaints in a rheumatologic setting, to describe ultrasound abnormalities about scapholunate interosseous ligament region, and to correlate them with clinical data, presence of dorsal ganglion cysts and diagnoses of rheumatic diseases. Material and methods: Seventy-four consecutive patients with wrist pain and/or swelling were evaluated by routine power Doppler ultrasound. Forty normal wrists were studied to confirm the normality values of the scapholunate joint. Results: The mean width of the normal scapholunate joint was 2.49 mm (±0.49 SD), with a coefficient of variation on repeated measurements of 3.662%. The best predictors of scapholunate interosseous ligament degeneration were: older age (p <0.0001), male gender (p = 0.0049), and radiocarpal effusion (p = 0.0156). The presence of osteophytosis and calcifications of the scapholunate joint were higher (p <0.001) in rheumatic patients. Scapholunate calcifications showed a sensitivity of 98.2% and a specificity of 61.1% for calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease. Dorsal ganglion cysts were more frequent in younger subjects (p <0.0012) without rheumatic conditions (p <0.0001) or midcarpal synovitis (p <0.0001). Larger cysts often exhibited power Doppler signal (p <0.0001). The best predictors of scapholunate dissociation were: male gender (p = 0.0002), presence of midcarpal synovitis (p <0.0137), and higher grade of scapholunate interosseous ligament degeneration (p <0.0001). Scapholunate widening was greater (p = 0.0419) in calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease or rheumatoid arthritis than in other rheumatic conditions. Conclusions: Ultrasound findings of scapholunate interosseous ligament degeneration and calcification, scapholunate space enlargement, and dorsal ganglion cysts should be considered in ultrasound reporting, since they add useful information about the diagnosis of associated rheumatic conditions.