bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leadership styles determine proactivity of employees - A vessel’s exampl
Authors: Polić Ivo
Published: March 2021

A crisis event is out of the incidence that is stressful to many people. Stressor as an objective event causes stress in an individual however the level of stress is differently experienced. The affected individuals feel that they cannot fight a crisis event with common mechanisms of dealing. Leadership styles of managers in a large degree determine the proactivity of employees in the crisis events. There can be differentiated transactional, transformational and transcendental leadership. Historically, transactional leadership had been dominated over the years on board. Nowadays, there are more accents on transformational, or even transcendental leadership. Thus, different types of check-lists are introduced to increase situational awareness amongst employees especially in emergency situations. There are also different training and drills scenarios that cover different types of crisis events where employee affected learn how to react well trained and routinely. Familiarization with the anticipated situation, and “know what to do” in the real one, decreases the level of stress among individuals, and helps to react much calmer and focused. In this paper it was analyzed what is increasing individual resources to deal with stressful situation. In addition, individual reaction depends on the hierarchy’s structure aboard; concretely leadership styles determine the proactivity of employees, which can be crucial in emergency situations. Research should be continued in the more practical examples from different types of vessels (eg through polls among seamen who are experienced in various emergencies) where it would be possible to find what is increasing individual resources to deal with stressful situations, and what kind of leadership is preferred by crewmembers, traditional or neoteric ones?
Association of RETN +299(G>A) polymorphism with type two diabetes mellitus
Authors: Altawallbeh Ghaith , Khabour Omar F. , Alfaqih Mahmoud A. , Abboud Muayad M. , Gharibeh Mohammad , Mohammed Najeeb A.
Published: March 2021

The global prevalence of type-two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) makes it a disease of public health concern. T2DM is strongly linked with insulin resistance caused by increased levels of visceral fat. Visceral fat secretes several adipocytokines that regulate body metabolism. Resistin is one of these adipocytokines which is encoded by the RETN gene. Herein, we tested the association of the RETN +299(G>A) and −420(C>G) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with T2DM. T2DM patients (n=282) and healthy subjects (n=125) were included in the study. Subjects with metabolic syndromes other than diabetes were excluded. Genotyping of subjects was performed using PCR-RFLP. The +299(G>A) SNP was associated with T2DM (P=0.038). The AA genotype was higher in T2DM (17%) compared to controls (8%) with an odd ratio of 2.16 and 95% CI of 1.34 to 4.56. With respect to −420(C>G) SNP, no significant association was found with the risk of T2DM (P=0.128). The haplotype analysis of the examined SNPs indicated that the CA haplotype of the −420 and +299 SNPs in RETN was associated with T2DM risk (P=0.004; odd ration 4.0, 95% CI: 1.56–10.0). In conclusion, the present findings suggest a role of the RETN locus in modulating the risk of T2DM.
Potencial econÃ³mico del turismo mÃ©dico veterinario en Ciudad JuÃ¡rez
Authors: Urrutia de la Garza JesÃºs Alberto , Pastrana Elsa Aranda
Published: March 2021

MÃ©xico, es uno de los paÃ­ses lÃ­deres en turismo internacional receptivo. Dentro la variada oferta turÃ­stica que tiene MÃ©xico, el ramo del turismo mÃ©dico se encuentra entre los principales motivos de visitas extranjeras. Una de las actividades econÃ³micas de Ciudad JuÃ¡rez, Chihuahua es la atenciÃ³n mÃ©dica a residentes de El Paso, Texas y Las Cruces, Nuevo Mexico en los Estados Unidos y suburbios de las ciudades mencionadas. Debido al alto costo que representa este servicio mÃ©dico en los Estados Unidos de AmÃ©rica es la razÃ³npor la que existe una gran cantidad de consultorios mÃ©dicos, odontolÃ³gicos, hospitales, laboratorios clÃ­nicos y servicios mÃ©dicos para mascotas. El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer una aproximaciÃ³n para conocer el potencial econÃ³mico que tiene el turismo mÃ©dico veterinario en Ciudad JuÃ¡rez. Esta investigaciÃ³n es de tipo cualitativo se fundamenta en trabajo de gabinete y de campo. El trabajo de campo consiste en la obtenciÃ³n de informaciÃ³n sobre precios y servicios que proporcionaron clÃ­nicas veterinarias y en entrevistas realizadas en Ciudad JuÃ¡rez. La ciudad tiene un importante potencial en el turismo veterinario por lo que es necesario fomentar acciones de innovaciÃ³n y emprendimiento parte de los interesados y de los gobiernos municipal y estatal para emular las mismas acciones o una polÃ­tica pÃºblica para aprovechar este mercado creciente.
 
Mexico is one of the leading countries in receptive international tourism. Within the varied tourist offer that Mexico has, the branch of medical tourism is among the main reasons for foreign visits. One of the economic activities of Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua is medical care for residents of El Paso, Texas and Las Cruces, New Mexico in the United States and suburbs of the aforementioned cities. Due to the high cost that this medical service represents in the United States of America, it is the reason why there are a large number of medical and dental offices, hospitals, clinical laboratories and medical services for pets. The objective of this work is to make an approximation to know the economic potential of veterinary medical tourism in Ciudad Juarez. This research is qualitative and is based on documentary and field work. The field work consists of obtaining information on prices and services provided by veterinary clinics and in interviews carried out in Ciudad Juarez. The city has significant potential in veterinary tourism, so it is necessary to promote innovation and entrepreneurship actions by the stakeholders and the municipal and state governments to emulate the same actions or a public policy to take advantage of this growing market.
Contribution du capital humain et du renforcement des capacites a la croissance economique des pays de l'afrique subsaharienne : une approche par la technologies de frontiere
Authors: Coulibaly Mamadou , Konan Jacques Konan
Published: March 2021

La politique du renforcement des capacitÃ©s et lâ€™amÃ©lioration du systÃ¨me Ã©ducatif semblent Ãªtre contributifs Ã  la croissance Ã©conomique. Mais, lâ€™objectif dâ€™un rapport Ã©troit entre Ã©ducation et accumulation de richesse reste loin dâ€™Ãªtre atteint. Ainsi, la prise en compte de la technologie de frontiÃ¨re semble Ãªtre importante dans lâ€™analyse relationnelle entre capital humain et croissance Ã©conomique. La prÃ©sente analyse se penche sur la contribution du capital humain et du renforcement des capacitÃ©s Ã  la performance Ã©conomique des pays dâ€™Afrique subsaharienne en tenant compte de la technologie de frontiÃ¨re. Les rÃ©sultats empiriques avec les donnÃ©es de panel par la mÃ©thode des moments gÃ©nÃ©ralisÃ©s ressortent que les pays africains sont loin de la technologie de frontiÃ¨re du monde. Aussi, les capacitÃ©s renforcÃ©es et de lâ€™Ã©ducation nâ€™ont-elles aucun effet significatif sur le PIB par tÃªte de ces pays. Le niveau de la technologie de frontiÃ¨re des pays africains amÃ©liore lâ€™influence de lâ€™Ã©ducation secondaire sur le PIB par tÃªte de ces pays de 33,40%. Finalement, La technologie de frontiÃ¨re nâ€™a aucun apport contributif de lâ€™incidence des capacitÃ©s sur la croissance du PIB par tÃªte des pays dâ€™Afrique Subsaharienne.
 
The policy of capacity building and improvement of the education system seem to be contributing to economic growth. But the goal of a close relationship between education and wealth accumulation remains far from being achieved. Thus, the consideration of frontier technology seems to be important in the relational analysis between human capital and economic growth. This analysis examines the contribution of human capital and capacity building to the economic performance of sub-Saharan African countries taking into account frontier technology. Empirical results with panel data by the generalized moments method show that African countries are far from the world's frontier technology. Also, enhanced capacities and education have no significant effect on countries' per capita GDP. The level of frontier technology of African countries improves the influence of secondary education on the per capita GDP of these countries by 33.40%. Finally, Frontier Technology does not contribute to the impact of capabilities on per capita GDP growth in Sub-Saharan African countries.
Multiplicateurs budgÃ©taires et rÃ¨gles de la politique budgÃ©taire au Maroc : Une Ã©tude en SVAR
Authors: Laamire Jaouad , Zirari Omar
Published: March 2021

Cet article a pour objectif dâ€™Ã©valuer lâ€™effet multiplicateur dans le cadre dâ€™une rÃ¨gle de politique budgÃ©taire. Plus prÃ©cisÃ©ment, câ€™est une Ã©tude de trois modÃ¨les VAR Structurelles (S-VAR), avec des donnÃ©es Ã©talÃ©es de 1970 jusquâ€™Ã  2019 pour le cas du Maroc, concernant les rÃ©actions des multiplicateurs budgÃ©taires suite aux diffÃ©rents chocs sur les dÃ©penses publiques dâ€™investissement, de consommations publiques (ordinaire) et dÃ©penses totales. Trois rÃ©sultats peuvent Ãªtre mis en Ã©vidence. PremiÃ¨rement, les effets multiplicateurs d'un choc positif des trois variables budgÃ©taires sur le produit intÃ©rieur brut rÃ©el (PIB) sont tous positifs Ã  la pÃ©riode du choc. DeuxiÃ¨mement, une augmentation des dÃ©penses dâ€™investissement de 1% sâ€™accompagne dâ€™une augmentation de 0.28% du PIB rÃ©el Marocain. TroisiÃ¨mement, les chocs positifs sur les dÃ©penses ordinaires et sur les dÃ©penses totales ont des effets contemporains positifs de 0.43 et 0.56 respectivement. Finalement, le constat le plus important est le fait que les effets contemporains des chocs de dÃ©penses ordinaires sont plus importants que ceux des dÃ©penses dâ€™investissement et des dÃ©penses totales.
 
This paper aims to evaluate the multiplier effect in the context of a fiscal policy rule. More specifically, it is a study of three S-VAR models, with data from 1970 to 2019 for the case of Morocco, concerning the reactions of fiscal multipliers to different shocks on public investment expenditure, public consumption (ordinary) and total expenditure. Three results can be highlighted. First, the multiplier effects of a positive shock of the three fiscal variables on real GDP are all positive during the shock period. Second, a 1 percent increase in investment spending is accompanied by a 0.28 percent increase in Morocco's real GDP. Third, positive shocks to current and total spending have positive contemporaneous effects of 0.43 and 0.56, respectively. Finally, the most important finding is that the contemporaneous effects of shocks to ordinary spending are larger than those to capital and total spending.
Relation Proche Aidant/ AidÃ© Et Accompagnement Familial : Regard Sur La Maltraitance Des Personnes AgÃ©es DÃ©pendantes En Perte Dâ€™autonomie (CÃ´te dâ€™Ivoire)
Authors: Tanoh Say Ahou ClÃ©mentine
Published: March 2021

En CÃ´te dâ€™Ivoire, la maltraitance envers les personnes Ã¢gÃ©es dÃ©pendantes en perte dâ€™autonomie par leurs proches aidants, reste encore silencieuse, non prÃ©vue ni punie par la loi. Et pourtant, elle existe rÃ©ellement dans les diffÃ©rents domiciles oÃ¹ les aÃ®nÃ©s passent leur fin de vie. Câ€™est pour analyser cette rÃ©alitÃ© sociale que la prÃ©sente Ã©tude a Ã©tÃ© menÃ©e du 12 avril au 15 septembre 2020, avec 15 aÃ®nÃ©s et 15 aidants familiaux affiliÃ©s Ã  lâ€™ONG â€œÃ‚ge dâ€™Orâ€œ situÃ©e gÃ©ographiquement dans la commune de Cocody. A lâ€™issue de lâ€™analyse de contenu thÃ©matique des donnÃ©es qualitatives recueillies par des entretiens individuels et discussions de groupes, les caractÃ©ristiques sociales des proches aidants, leurs perceptions des aÃ®nÃ©s et de leurs rÃ´les ont Ã©tÃ© dÃ©terminÃ©es. Les formes de maltraitance que subissent les aidÃ©s de la part des proches aidants ont Ã©tÃ© identifiÃ©es et lâ€™impact de la maltraitance sur les aÃ®nÃ©s a Ã©tÃ© analysÃ©. Lâ€™Ã©puisement liÃ© Ã  la durÃ©e de lâ€™aide dans le temps et Ã  la plÃ©thore des tÃ¢ches Ã  accomplir quotidiennement, couplÃ© aux conditions socioÃ©conomiques, relationnelles et familiales qui existent entre les aidÃ©s et les aidants explique cette maltraitance. Pour mieux apprÃ©cier lâ€™ampleur de ce problÃ¨me social, lâ€™Ã©tude doit Ãªtre Ã©largie aux aÃ®nÃ©s des autres communes.
 
In CÃ´te d'Ivoire, mistreatment of dependent elderly people with loss of autonomy by their caregivers is still silent, neither foreseen nor punished by law. And yet, it really exists in the various homes where the elderly spend their end of life. It is in order to analyze this social reality that the present study was conducted from April 12 to September 15, 2020, with 15 seniors and 15 family caregivers affiliated with the NGO " Golden Age ", geographically located in the commune of Cocody. Following the thematic content analysis of the qualitative data collected through individual interviews and group discussions, the social characteristics of the caregivers, their perceptions of the elderly and their roles were determined. The forms of abuse suffered by the carers from the caregivers were identified and the impact of abuse on the elders was analyzed. Burnout related to the duration of the assistance over time and the plethora of tasks to be accomplished on a daily basis, coupled with the socioeconomic, relational and family conditions that exist between carers and helpers explains this abuse. In order to better appreciate the extent of this social problem, the study must be extended to seniors in other municipalities.
Actividades y Funciones Institucionales de Profesores en una Escuela de Negocios en el Centro de MÃ©xico
Authors: Juan Ignacio Barajas Villarruel
Published: March 2021

El objetivo de la investigaciÃ³n fue determinar la distribuciÃ³n de actividades y funciones institucionales de los profesores de tiempo completo, tÃ©cnicos acadÃ©micos y profesores de asignatura de la Facultad de ContadurÃ­a y AdministraciÃ³n de una universidad pÃºblica del centro de MÃ©xico. La investigaciÃ³n fue no experimental, descriptiva y transversal. Se aplicÃ³ el cuestionario DiagnÃ³stico de Actividades y Funciones Institucionales de Profesores de la FCA con preguntas cerradas que se midieron con una escala de Likert, para determinar la distribuciÃ³n de las actividades de investigaciÃ³n, docencia, gestiÃ³n y tutorÃ­a, de los profesores participantes. El tipo de muestra fue no probabilÃ­stico del tipo causal o incidental conformada por 23 profesores. El principal resultado fue que las actividades y funciones de los profesores participantes del estudio no estÃ¡n equilibradas, tomando como base sobre las disposiciones de los reglamentos institucionales, asÃ­ como, de los organismos externos a los que se hace referencia en el estudio.
 
The objective of the research was to determine the distribution of activities and institutional functions of full-time professors, academic technicians and time partial professor of the Faculty of Accounting and Administration of a public university in central Mexico. The research was nonexperimental, descriptive, and transversal. The FCA Professors' Institutional Activities and Functions Diagnostic questionnaire was applied with closed questions that were measured with a Likert scale, to determine the distribution of research, teaching, management and tutoring activities of the participating teachers. The population sample was non-probabilistic and using an incidental type, conformed 23 teachers. The main result was that the activities and functions of the participating the study are not balanced, based on the provisions of the institutional regulations and the external bodies referenced in the study.
Obligatory Share and Entitled Entities: An Obligatory Share during Testamentary Inheritance
Authors: Nandoshvili Ekaterine
Published: March 2021

This paper focuses on the results of the research of normative acts and practices regulating the institute of mandatory shares and entities with the right to the mandatory shares. Formation of the correct view on this issue is a precondition for the redistribution of property in accordance with the law of inherited property, both in court and in notarial practices. In turn, the proper redistribution of the inherited property is directly related to the protection of property and inheritance rights. This is why the studied issue does not lose its urgency. The aim of the paper is to correctly define the essence of the mandatory share, as well as the subjects entitled to the mandatory share, to identify the shortcomings in this issue, and to develop recommendations for their perfection. The comparative-legal, logical, and systematic analysis of norms were used to achieve this goal. Problems were analyzed using the examples of Georgian, German, and Swiss law. In defining the mandatory share and the subjects entitled to it, both common features and essential differences were revealed between the named models, This, however, makes it possible to define a more effective model - a number of advantages of the Georgian model were identified - which is reflected in the mechanism of effective exercise of the right to mandatory share without a court. In addition, the study found that the testatorâ€™s grandchildren are not eligible entities to receive a mandatory share if their parent died before the testator. The legal norms of inheritance are interpreted in relation to the Constitution. On this basis, the shortcomings of a number of norms for both the Civil Code of Georgia and the Law of Georgia â€œOn Entrepreneursâ€ and even non- compliance with the Constitution are identified. This is why it is necessary to improve them and create the stable guarantees for the right of property and inheritance.
Lâ€™obligation de nÃ©gocier en prÃ©sence dâ€™une ressource naturelle partagÃ©e en droit international de lâ€™environnement
Authors: Luc Roger Awa Noa
Published: March 2021

Une ressource naturelle partagÃ©e constitue un patrimoine commun pour les Etats qui lâ€™ont en partage. Elle nâ€™est aucunement la propriÃ©tÃ© exclusive dâ€™un seul Etat, mais de tous les Etats concernÃ©s. Son utilisation constitue en consÃ©quence une potentielle source de conflits. Afin de concilier leurs intÃ©rÃªts respectifs dans le cadre de son utilisation, le droit international de lâ€™environnement commande aux Etats qui lâ€™ont en partage de recourir Ã  la nÃ©gociation. Sous lâ€™empire du bon sens et de la bonne foi, les Etats concernÃ©s sont tenus de prendre raisonnablement en compte les intÃ©rÃªts des autres Etats. Cette obligation juridique commande spÃ©cifiquement Ã  lâ€™Etat qui projette de rÃ©aliser une activitÃ© potentiellement dommageable, en prÃ©sence ou non dâ€™un accord, de privilÃ©gier une solution conciliante ou consensuelle Ã  mÃªme de dissiper les craintes et les inquiÃ©tudes des autres Etats. Au moyen dâ€™une analyse qui privilÃ©gie majoritairement lâ€™exÃ©gÃ¨se et le positivisme juridique, la prÃ©sente analyse poursuit au moins deux objectifs. Lâ€™objectif principal est dâ€™Ã©difier les Etats entres autres en matiÃ¨re dâ€™utilisation des ressources naturelles partagÃ©es. Le second objectif poursuivi, au travers du rÃ´le rÃ©gulateur de la ressource naturelle partagÃ©e, est de mettre en lumiÃ¨re une fonction mÃ©connue du droit international de lâ€™environnement. Principalement assignÃ© Ã  la prÃ©servation de lâ€™environnement, cette discipline contribue tout autant au maintien et Ã  lâ€™Ã©dification de la paix entre les Etats.
 
A shared natural resource is a common heritage for the States that share it. It is in no way the exclusive property of a single State, but of all the States concerned. Its use is therefore a potential source of conflict. In order to reconcile their respective interests in the context of its use, international environmental law requires the States which share it to resort to negotiation. Under the rule of common sense and good faith, the States concerned are obliged to take reasonable account of the interests of other States. This legal obligation specifically requires a State that plans to carry out a potentially harmful activity, whether or not an agreement is in place, to give preference to a conciliatory or consensual solution capable of dispelling the fears and concerns of the other States. By means of an analysis that mainly favours exegesis and legal positivism, the present analysis pursues at least two objectives. The main objective is to build States, among others, in the use of shared natural resources. The second objective, through the regulatory role of shared natural resources, is to highlight a little-known function of international environmental law. Mainly assigned to the preservation of the environment, this discipline contributes just as much to the maintenance and building of peace between States.
Rites De Reintegration "AfÉ”lilÉ›" Des Femmes Adulteres Chez Les Â« Fon Â» Dâ€™abomey : Elements Pour Une SocioAnthropologie De La Purification
Authors: Babadjide Charles Lambert
Published: March 2021

La prÃ©sente production met en Ã©vidence lâ€™analyse des mobiles autour de lâ€™adultÃ¨re ainsi que les mÃ©thodes mises en place par les groupes socioculturels Â« fon Â» dâ€™Abomey pour rÃ©intÃ©grer la femme adultÃ¨re. Lâ€™Ã©tude est de nature qualitative. La collecte des informations est faite auprÃ¨s de 92 personnes grÃ¢ce aux techniques de collecte telles que la recherche documentaire, lâ€™entretien individuel et lâ€™observation directe. Lâ€™Ã©chantillon de recherche a Ã©tÃ© dÃ©fini grÃ¢ce aux techniques non probabilistes. Le traitement des donnÃ©es est fait manuellement puis elles sont soumises Ã  lâ€™Ã©clairage de la thÃ©orie fonctionnaliste. Les rÃ©sultats rendent compte dâ€™une multiplicitÃ© dâ€™acteurs dont lâ€™intervention rÃ©pond Ã  des logiques parfois contradictoires du fait des vÃ©cus dans le milieu. Les donnÃ©es produites et analysÃ©es renseignent sur le fait que les rites de purification (afâ†„lilÉ›) sont des stratÃ©gies dÃ©veloppÃ©es par la culture Â« fon Â» dâ€™Abomey pour maintenir lâ€™Ã©quilibre du couple et la cohÃ©sion familiale.
 
This production highlights the analysis of the motives around adultery and the methods put in place by Abomeyâ€™s "fon" socio-cultural groups to reintegrate adultery women. The study is qualitative in nature. Information is collected from 92 people through collection techniques such as documentary research, personal interview and direct observation. The research sample was defined using non-probabilistic techniques. Data processing is done manually and then they are exposed to functionalist theory. The results reflect a multiplicity of actors whose intervention responds to sometimes contradictory logics due to the experiences in the environment. The data produced and analyzed indicate that purification rites (afâ†„lilÉ›) are strategies.
Impact De La Distribution Spatiale Des Stations-Service Dans Lâ€™ecosysteme Urbain De Lubumbashi En Republique Democratique Du Congo
Authors: Guellord Sangwa Kiteba , Elias Musisilwa Lwindi , JÃ©remie Nsenga Ilunga , Salimini Asumani
Published: March 2021

Cet article se propose dâ€™analyser les facteurs de localisation des stations-service et leurs impacts dans lâ€™Ã©cosystÃ¨me urbain de Lubumbashi. Pour y arriver, la mÃ©thode descriptive-explicative a Ã©tÃ© adoptÃ©e. Ã€ lâ€™aide dâ€™un SystÃ¨me de Positionnement Global (GPS), les stations-service ont Ã©tÃ© localisÃ©es. La mÃ©thode des quadrats a permis de mettre en Ã©vidence le modÃ¨le dâ€™organisation spatiale de la ville et le logiciel Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) a rendu possible lâ€™Ã©laboration de la carte des stations-service. AprÃ¨s analyse, lâ€™article ressort ce qui suit : les lieux dâ€™activitÃ©s intenses (centre des affaires), les grands axes et les carrefours attirent plus les opÃ©rateurs pÃ©troliers qui cherchent Ã  implanter les stationsservice au sein de la ville. Le prix abordable, la qualitÃ© du produit pÃ©trolier, la proximitÃ© de la route, la rapiditÃ© de livraison de produits pÃ©troliers attirent les clients vers les stations-service. Lâ€™impact environnemental de ces derniÃ¨res a Ã©tÃ© Ã©lucidÃ© et les risques liÃ©s Ã  leur implantation sont grands car elles nâ€™ont pas de zone tampon et leur rapprochement est un danger permanent dâ€™incendie dans une ville oÃ¹ les vÃ©hicules anti incendies sont presque inexistants. Dâ€™oÃ¹ la mairie a une responsabilitÃ© pour la rÃ©gulation des points de ventes des produits pÃ©troliers afin de sauver des vies humaines.
 
This paper focuses on analyzing the factors of the location of service stations and their impact in the spatial organization of the city of Lubumbashi. We have adopted the descriptive-explanatory method. The service stations were located using GPS. The quadrat method allowed us to highlight the spatial model of the city and the Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) software enabled us to develop the service station map. After the analysis of the quadrat and the map, we deduced the following: intense places of activity (business center) on the major roads and intersections which attracted more petroleum operators to establish service stations within the city. Affordable price, the quality of the petroleum product, proximity to the road, and the speed of delivery of petroleum products attracts customers to service stations. Their environmental impacts have been elucidated and the risks associated with their radiation are great because they have no buffer zones and their reconciliation is a permanent fire hazard in a city where fire fighting vehicles are almost nonexistent. Here, the town hall has a responsibility for regulating points of sales of petroleum products in order to save human lives.
Intervenir E Investigar En El Aula: Estrategia DidÃ¡ctica Para Aprender QuÃ­mica
Authors: Ruacho Soto MarÃ­a Guadalupe , Uribe Rigoberto MarÃ­n , Ibarra Isabel GuzmÃ¡n , Soto Valenzuela Ma. ConcepciÃ³n
Published: March 2021

El propÃ³sito de este artÃ­culo es presentar resultados de la aplicaciÃ³n de una estrategia didÃ¡ctica para aprender quÃ­mica en la educaciÃ³n superior sustentada en el Modelo para el Desarrollo y EvaluaciÃ³n de Competencias AcadÃ©micas. El estudio se realizÃ³ con estudiantes de segundo semestre de la asignatura â€œProcesos quÃ­micos de la vida humanaâ€ de la Licenciatura en NutriciÃ³n. Se construyeron y aplicaron, en una intervenciÃ³n Ã¡ulica, secuencias didÃ¡cticas cuya estructura incluye dos dispositivos: uno de formaciÃ³n y otro de evaluaciÃ³n autÃ©ntica; el dispositivo de formaciÃ³n emplea situaciones problema reales de la profesiÃ³n, cuya resoluciÃ³n comporta la movilizaciÃ³n de saberes y el desarrollo de competencias. El proceso de intervenciÃ³n Ã¡ulica incluyÃ³ momentos de prÃ¡ctica reflexiva y de acompaÃ±amiento docente. El enfoque de la investigaciÃ³n-formaciÃ³n-acciÃ³n realizado incorpora el anÃ¡lisis cualitativo de datos recogidos mediante videograbaciÃ³n, cuaderno de notas y observaciÃ³n reflexiva de la intervenciÃ³n. Se concluye que la estrategia didÃ¡ctica produce cambios graduales al transitarse de un estilo de docencia tradicionalista a una prÃ¡ctica educativa innovadora transformada y transformadora.
 
The purpose of this article is to present results of the application of a didactic strategy to learn chemistry in higher education based on the Model for the Development and Evaluation of Academic Competences. The study was carried out with second semester students of the subject â€œChemical processes of human lifeâ€ of the Bachelor of Nutrition. Didactic sequences were built and applied in a classroom intervention, the structure of which includes two devices: one for training and the other for authentic evaluation; The training device uses real problem situations in the profession, the resolution of which involves the mobilization of knowledge and the development of skills. The classroom intervention process included moments of reflective practice and teacher accompaniment. The research-trainingaction approach carried out incorporates the qualitative analysis of data collected through video recording, notebooks and reflective observation of the intervention. It is concluded that the didactic strategy produces gradual changes when moving from a traditionalist teaching style to a transformed and transformative innovative educational practice.
Efectividad De Un PolÃ­mero Retenedor De Humedad Para Elevar La Supervivencia En Plantaciones De Mezquite (Prosopis Glandulosa Torr.) En Zonas Ãridas
Authors: Sosa PÃ©rez Gabriel , Hermosillo Rojas David EfraÃ­n , Guerra Pedro Jurado , AlarcÃ³n Bustamante Manuel Pomposo , GarcÃ­a PÃ©rez JosÃ© Luis
Published: March 2021

El uso de polÃ­meros retenedores de humedad es una tÃ©cnica que se ha utilizado para incrementar la supervivencia en plantaciones de restauraciÃ³n forestal, sin embargo, escasos estudios han evaluado su efectividad. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes dosis de un polÃ­mero retenedor de humedad en la supervivencia de tres plantaciones de mezquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr.), en dos sitios de zonas Ã¡ridas del estado de Chihuahua, MÃ©xico. Se utilizÃ³ un polÃ­mero hecho a base de potasio en dosis desde tres hasta diez gramos por planta. Se midiÃ³ la precipitaciÃ³n en cada sitio, la humedad del suelo en cada planta y los porcentajes de supervivencia de cada plantaciÃ³n en diferentes fechas a lo largo de un aÃ±o. Los porcentajes de supervivencia despuÃ©s de un aÃ±o fueron 34%, 59% y 83%. No se encontrÃ³ efecto positivo de ninguna dosis de hidrogel en la supervivencia. La humedad en el suelo por efecto del polÃ­mero es muy corta en condiciones de poca precipitaciÃ³n y altas temperaturas, y los eventos de lluvia distanciados en tiempo no son suficientes para la rehidrataciÃ³n del polÃ­mero. Esto genera una igualdad de condiciones en tÃ©rminos de humedad del suelo para las diferentes dosis durante los meses crÃ­ticos de sequÃ­a, en los cuales se registrÃ³ la mayor mortandad de planta.
 
Moisture-retaining polymers are frequently used to increase survival in forest restoration plantations, however, few studies have evaluated their effectiveness. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of a moisture-retaining polymer on the survival of three mesquite plantations (Prosopis glandulosa Torr.), in two sites of arid lands in the State of Chihuahua, Mexico. A polymer made from potassium was used in doses from three to ten grams per plant. Precipitation at each site was measured, as well as soil moisture at each plant, and the survival percentages at different dates after plantations. The survival percentages in the three plantations after one year were 34%, 59%, and 83%. No positive effect of any dose was found on survival. The effect of the polymer on soil moisture is very short under low precipitation and high temperatures. Isolated rainfall events did not rehydrate the polymer. The highest plant mortality was during the critical months of drought, and soil moisture was the same for the different doses during these months.
Pretores condenando a casta?
Authors: Gomes Neto José Mario Wanderley , Carvalho Ernani
Published: March 2021

Como se comporta o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), quando investido no papel de Corte de primeira instância, para o julgamento das ações penais originárias”? As hipóteses de foro por prerrogativa de função, também conhecidas pela expressão “foro privilegiado”, embora presentes ocasionalmente em um conjunto de países, são um fenômeno associado a desenhos institucionais originários de transições democráticas, notadamente às Constituições latino-americanas. No Brasil ganharam notoriedade a partir do julgamento da ação penal nº 470, resultante do escândalo do “mensalão”, em que diversos atores do Executivo e do Legislativo foram condenados, em virtude de condutas ilícitas, anteriormente praticadas durante o exercício de mandato eletivo e/ou de função pública nas mais altas esferas decisórias. Partindo das hipóteses de que a Corte Suprema é seletiva quanto aos processos que leva a julgamento e que muitas vezes opta por condutas autorrestritas, especialmente em situações que fogem ao exercício estrito da revisão judicial, esta pesquisa dedica-se à compreensão empírica de tal fenômeno, através da análise de dados originais, codificados a partir de informações públicas disponíveis no sítio eletrônico do Supremo Tribunal Federal, testando prováveis relações associativas entre a conduta dos julgadores e as características das ações penais originárias a eles submetidas. Como resultado, foi possível observar a predominância de uma estratégia de autopreservação utilizando para tanto padrões de seletividade, dentro dos quais há variação comportamental (decisória) conforme variam alguns dos fatores.
Pengaruh Jenis Sumber Nitrogen Pada Produksi Biosurfaktan Oleh Bakteri Halofil
Authors:   Universitas Negeri Malang, Alvionita Mieke , Hertadi Rukman
Published: March 2021

Bakteri halofil merupakan bakteri yang membutuhkan NaCl untuk pertumbuhannya. Salah satu potensi bakteri halofil adalah dapat menghasilkan biosurfaktan yang aktif pada konsentrasi garam yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu, biosurfaktan tersebut dapat diaplikasikan dalam industri minyak terutama pada bidang enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Selain itu, biosurfaktan diketahui secara luas diaplikasikan dalam industri farmasi dan makanan. Sifatnya yang lebih ramah lingkungan dibandingkan dengan surfaktan sintetis menyebabkan ketertarikan untuk produksi biosurfaktan dalam skala besar semakin meningkat. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan produksi biosurfaktan adalah dengan melakukan optimasi sumber nitrogen pada medium produksi. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sumber nitrogen terbaik yang dapat digunakan untuk produksi biosurfaktan secara optimal. Penelitian ini menggunakan lima jenis sumber nitrogen antara lain urea, NH4Cl, NaNO3, (NH4)2SO4, dan KNO3 sedangkan jenis bakteri halofil yang digunakan adalah Halomonas elongata BK-AG18. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa urea merupakan sumber nitrogen terbaik yang digunakan untuk medium produksi biosurfaktan. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari hasil yang diperoleh dari diameter penyebaran minyak sebesar 3 cm.
Sintesis dan Karakterisasi SiO2@APTES-IIP Sebagai Material Fungsional Penjerap Ion Kadmium(II)
Authors:   Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Puspita Sari Indah , Bachri Amran Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Sintesis SiO2@APTES-IIP dan SiO2@APTES-NIP melalui proses sol-gel melibatkan 3-amounium propyl triethoxy silane (APTES) sebagai monomer fungsional, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) sebagai crosslinker, Cd (II) sebagai cetakan dan SiO2 sebagai inti. Karakterisasi SiO2@APTES-IIP dan SiO2@APTES-NIP dilakukan dengan menggunakan FTIR. Hasil karakterisasi dengan FTIR menunjukkan beberapa puncak penting pada bilangan gelombang 2939 cm-1 dan 1411 cm-1 yang berasal dari vibrasi gugus C-H serta pada bilangan gelombang 1564 cm-1 yang berasal dari vibrasi gugus N-H hal tersebut membuktikan bahwa silika gel telah berhasil terfungsionalisasi oleh monomer APTES. Morfologi dan komponen penyusun material SiO2@APTES-IIP dianalisis menggunakan SEM dan EDS. Berdasarkan metode batch SiO2@APTES-IIP memiliki kapasitas retensi sebesar 7,34 mg/g pada kondisi optimum pH 7 dan waktu kontak 90 menit. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa, model isoterm adsorpsi mengikuti model isoterm adsorpsi Langmuir.
Analisis Perbandingan Proses Pengolahan Ikan Lele terhadap Kadar Nutrisinya
Authors:   Universitas Negeri Malang, Ciptawati Endang , Budi Rachman Ihsan , Oktiyani Rusdi Hanumi , Alvionita Mieke
Published: March 2021

Telah dilakukan penelitian pengaruh proses pemasakan terhadap kadar kandungan gizi ikan lele. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk melihat apakah proses pemasakan yaitu pengukusan dan penggorengan mempengaruhi kandungan zat gizi ikan lele. Metode yang digunakan adalah: analisis kadar air menggunakan Thermogravimetri, kadar abu menggunakan metode Dry Ashing, kadar protein dengan metode Lowry-Folin. Jika dibandingkan dengan ikan lele segar, pada ikan lele yang digoreng, terjadi penurunan kadar air sebesar 32,64%, kadar abu meningkat 1,40% dan kadar protein menurun sebesar 112,97 mg/L. Sementara pada proses pengukusan, perubahan yang cukup besar terdapat pada kadar protein yaitu menurun sebesar 99,58 mg/L dibandingkan ikan lele segar. Penurunan kadar protein pada ikan yang diolah disebabkan karena terjadinya denaturasi protein pada ikan lele oleh pemanasan.
Desconcentración municipal en España: los casos comparados de Madrid y Barcelona
Authors: Tamboleo García Rubén
Published: March 2021

El modelo de Gobiernos Locales de España ha sufrido de problemas propios que se han quedado alejados del debate político y también del científico y del académico. Las Ciudades de Madrid y Barcelona cuentan con un estatus especial a través de leyes especiales, y por su tamaño e importancia cuentan con problemas específicos. De ahí la importancia de comparar las 2 ciudades en su organización inframunicipal y cómo se han establecido sus distritos para la representación política, la participación ciudadana y la política pública. Para poder estudiar este fenómeno de organización administrativa en el ámbito local de España se comparan los dos modelos de desconcentración en sus distritos y cómo se organizan estos según la regulación legal. Con la comparación podemos ver como las últimas reformas son sólo en cuanto a la participación ciudadana pero no se ha reformado la organización y estructura del modelo de distritos tras cambios de población importantes.
Reseña del libro Raúl Zibechi, Nuevas derechas, nuevas resistencias, 2020
Authors: Franco Martínez J. Agustin
Published: March 2021

Reseña del libro de Raúl Zibechi, Nuevas derechas, nuevas resistencias, 2020.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Representasi Matematis Peserta Didik melalui Pendekatan Kontekstual dengan Pembelajaran Problem Posing pada Materi Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel di Kelas VIII-2 SMP Negeri 71 Jakarta
Authors: Sinaga Ester , Purwanto Swida , Aziz Tian Abdul
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan representasi matematis peserta didik kelas VIII-2 di SMP Negeri 71 Jakarta pada materi sistem persamaan linear dua variabel dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran problem posing melalui pendekatan kontekstual. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilakukan dalam tiga siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, analisis, dan refleksi. Terdapat enam subjek penelitian dalam penelitian ini. Keenam subjek penelitian terdiri dari dua orang peserta didik yang berkemampuan akademis tinggi, dua orang peserta didik yang berkemampuan akademis sedang, dan dua orang peserta didik yang berkemampuan akademis rendah. Pada setiap siklus, siswa diberikan tes akhir siklus untuk mengukur kemampuan representasi matematis siswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara melakukan tes awal pada kegiatan pendahuluan, memberikan tes kemampuan representasi matematis pada tiap akhir siklus, observasi dan dokumentasi selama kegiatan pembelajaran, dan wawancara setelah kegiatan pembelajaran. Data tersebut kemudian akan dianalisis secara deskripsi dengan triangulasi data. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan kemampuan representasi matematis peserta didik kelas VIII-2 di SMP Negeri 71 Jakarta pada materi sistem persamaan linear dua variabel dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran problem posing melalui pendekatan kontekstual. Peningkatan kemampuan representasi matematis ini terbukti dari hasil tes kemampuan representasi matematis pada setiap akhir siklus. Rata-rata hasil tes kemampuan representasi matematis peserta didik kelas VIII-2 di SMP Negeri 71 pada siklus I sebesar 65,48, pada siklus II sebesar 74,72, dan pada siklus III sebesar 82,54. Selain itu, persentase peserta didik yang memperoleh nilai dengan kategori baik atau lebih meningkat pada setiap akhir siklusnya, yaitu pada siklus I sebesar 38,9%, siklus II sebesar 66,7%, dan siklus III sebesar 86,1%.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Medical Education in India
Authors: Ahmed Faruqueuddin
Published: March 2021

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, also known as SARS-CoV-2, was the coronavirus strain that caused the COVID-19 disease. The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as the greatest public health and societal challenge. Imposition of a prolonged-nationwide lockdown as a public health intervention in India to contain transmission impacted all public spheres, including medical education. Academic activities in medical schools came to an abrupt suspension during the lockdown for a period of 10 to 12 weeks. During earlier pandemics, in-person training in hospitals continue in developing the students’ skills and competencies. These include the diagnosis and management of hospital cases and control the communitydisease transmission. However, the current COVID-19 pandemic is distinct. Online training started due to extended lockdown, which require careful planning and further study.
Key words: • COVID-19 • Corona virus • Pandemic • Medical education • Medical students • Physician training • Clinical training • Disease transmission • Clinical skills • India
 
Copyright © 2021 Ahmed. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.
ROLE OF PD-L1 ASSESSMENT IN THE ASPECT OF MOLECULAR-GENETIC CLASSIFICATION OF COLORECTAL CANCER. CURRENT STATE OF THE PROBLEM
Authors: Vtorushin S. V. , Naumov S. S. , Stepanov I. V. , Sinyansky L. E. , Afanasyev S. G.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the study was to analyze and summarize data regarding a significance of PD -L1 expression in various molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer.

Material and Methods. A systemic literature search was conducted in the electronic databases Medline, Cochrane Library, Elibrary, PubMed. Of identified and reviewed 201 full-text articles, we included data from 47 studies.

Results. The literature review described the features of the molecular genetic classification of colorectal cancer and revealed the key characteristics of each of the molecular subtypes of this disease. Much attention was paid to the molecular mechanisms of anti-PD -1/PD -L1 therapy. The main problems associated with the standardization of methods for pathomorphological assessment of the expression of this marker and the difficulties of its interpretation in colorectal carcinomas were outlined.

Conclusion. Analysis of the literature revealed problems associated with the assessment of PD -L1 expression in colorectal cancer, in particular, with the lack of generally accepted methods for interpreting research results and standardizing methods for pathomorphological diagnosis of malignant tumors of this localization. Further studies are needed for introducing the molecular genetic classification of colorectal carcinomas into a wide clinical practice and personalizing the approach to therapy of this disease.
THE ROLE OF ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF LOCALLY ADVANCED GASTRIC CANCER
Authors: Bobryshev A. A. , Davudov M. M. , Narimanov M. N. , Polycarpova S. B. , Kirsanov V. Y. , Blindar V. N.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the study was a systemic literature review on data regarding the efficacy, safety and prospects for the use of adjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer.

Material and Methods. The study contained a thorough literary analysis of the results of international studies on the use of preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer. Relevant sources were searched in Medlin and Cochrane Library databases, and publications from 2001 to 2019 were included. Of all the studies analyzed, 28 were used to write the systematic review.

Results. The increase in survival rates was mainly achieved due to the use of a multimodal approach to the treatment of gastric cancer. The effectiveness of this approach, which combined surgery with chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, was proven in several large clinical studies. However, despite the large number of treatment options for locally advanced gastric cancer, there is still no single standard for the management of patients with this disease. One of the treatment options successfully practiced in a number of leading countries is the use of adjuvant chemo/chemoradiation therapy.

Conclusion. Analysis of the literature data of the last 18 years has shown the high relevance of studies on adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer and the need to continue further study of this problem.
ULTRASOUND EXAMINATION IN THE COMPREHENSIVE DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING OF PARASTERNAL LYMPH NODE METASTASES IN A PATIENT WITH BREAST CANCER: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Snitkin V. M. , Samoukin A. V. , Sholokhov V. N. , Sinyukova G. T. , Berdnikov S. N. , Makhotina M. S. , Valiev R. K. , Pulatova I. Z.
Published: March 2021

Background. The parasternal lymphatic collector is an important pathway of the lymph drainage from the breast in breast cancer patients. Evaluation of parasternal lymph nodes is not available during physical examination. To date, no algorithm for diagnostic imaging of the parasternal lymphatic pathway has been developed. The presence of metastases in parasternal lymph nodes upstages the breast cancer patient to a minimum of clinical stage III disease.

Case description. We present the case of breast cancer progression in a 40-year-old woman. The patient received treatment for triple-negative stage IIA breast cancer (Т2N0M0) in 2018. In August, 2019, 18-FDG PET /CT images revealed a solitary metastasis in the parasternal lymph node. Ultrasound images also showed the same lymph node assessed by PET -CT and the additional parasternal lymph node metastasis. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy of both lymph nodes confirmed the specific involvement of the parasternal lymph nodes.

Conclusion. Ultrasound scans are used to assess the axillary, subclavian and supraclavicular lymphatic collectors, but there is little evidence in the literature on the use of ultrasound in the assessment of parasternal lymph nodes. Our clinical case shows the feasibility of using ultrasound in assessing the status of the parasternal of lymph nodes, as well as the feasibility of performing fine-needle aspiration biopsy by ultrasound navigation.