bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Značenje funkcionalnosti vodopropusnih objekata u protuerozijskoj zaštiti na šumskim cestama
Authors: Bajrić Muhamed , Ljevo Elma , Sokolović Dževada , Hodžić Adnan
Published: December 2021

Bosna i Hercegovina ima pretežno brdsko-planinsku konfiguraciju terena, bogata je razvijenom hidrografskom mrežom. Pri projektiranju i izgradnji mreža šumskih cesta učestala je pojava presijecanja stalnih ili povremenih vodotoka pa je zato prijeko potrebno planirati i graditi vodopropusne objekte.Najrizičnija su mjesta, kada je u pitanju negativan utjecaj vodotoka na erozijske procese, upravo točke presijecanja šumske ceste rijekama i brdsko-planinskim vodotocima. Da bi se smanjio postotak neupotrebljivosti primarne mreže šumske transportne infrastrukture, treba pristupiti kvalitetnim rješenjima odvodnje površinskih voda i izgradnji prelazaka preko postojećih planinskih vodotoka. Vodna je erozija jedna od mogućih pojava, koja može nastati na kolničkoj konstrukciji, ako na odgovarajući način nije riješeno pitanje odvodnje površinskih i oborinskih voda.Procjena erozijskih procesa prilikom provođenja istraživanja utjecaja hidrografske mreže na primarnu mrežu šumske transportne infrastrukture obavlja se na osnovi terenskoga snimanja stanja vodopropusnih objekata i kolničke konstrukcije u njezinoj neposrednoj blizini.Prilikom istraživanja nisu analizirani tehnički elementi šumskih cesta (osim erodiranosti kolničke konstrukcije), aktivnosti su usmjerene na vodopropusne objekte, odnosno njihovo stanje i eventualni utjecaj na erodiranje kolničke konstrukcije. Istraživanja su provedena u GJ »Neretvica« u okviru ŠPP »Konjičko«.Analizirano je ukupno 129 različitih vodopropusnih objekata, od kojih su 16 mostova, 73 cijevna betonska propusta i 40 drugih tipova objekata. U okviru provedene analize vodopropusnih objekata obrađena je oštećenost i funkcionalnost vodopropusnih objekata te erodiranost kolničke konstrukcije u njezinoj neposrednoj blizini.
Tehnička izvedba infrastrukture i ostali sadržaji u parkovima prirode Lonjsko polje i Medvednica
Authors: Jakobašić Tea , Klišanin Zdravka , Nevečerel Hrvoje , Lepoglavec Kruno
Published: December 2021

Šume i šumsko zemljište danas pružaju višestruku korist čovjeku koji obitava u prirodi. Ubrzan i stresan način života čovjeku nameće potrebu da se skloni daleko od gradske gužve, a upravo se takva mjesta sve češće nalaze u parkovima prirode. Šume parka prirode uistinu mogu dati traženi mir posjetitelju, a Lonjsko polje i Medvednica su dva parka koja se sastoje od velikih, ali različitih šumskih površina. Također su to dva vrlo zanimljiva parka prirode, svaki specifičan na svoj način. Park prirode Medvednica rekreacijsko je područje u neposrednoj blizini milijunske gradske aglomeracije koji pruža velike mogućnosti za razvoj rekreacijskih aktivnosti. Šume na Medvednici ne služe samo za proizvodnju drvnih sortimenata, nego ih istodobno građani grada Zagreba i ostali ljudi koriste za svoju svakodnevnu rekreaciju. Pristup Parku prirode Medvednica omogućen je pješacima, biciklistima, posjetitelji mogu doći i osobnim automobilima i javnim prijevozom (autobus), a uskoro će u pogonu biti i žičara. Sadržaji koji se nude posjetiteljima su: poučne staze, planinarske staze, interpretativne šetnje, posjet Medvedgradu, špilji Veternici i rudniku Zrinski. Uz to, tu su i ugostiteljsko-smještajni kapaciteti te planinarski domovi. Park prirode Lonjsko polje je poplavno područje u kojemu dominiraju hrast lužnjak, crna joha, poljski jasen i nizinski brijest. Izgrađene su pješačke i edukativne staze, prihvatni centri, suvenirnice, osigurana plovidba čamcima iz pristaništa u Krapju, ali i povezanost autobusnim linijama. Ta infrastruktura i sadržaji, uključujući i edukativne programe, osnova su za pružanje višednevne usluge i zadržavanje posjetitelja na tom području. Posjetitelji u najvećem postotku uz pješačenje koriste vidikovce i promatranje ptica kao rekreativni sadržaj u Parku prirode Lonjsko polje. U članku se kroz opis svakog pojedinog parka prirode ukazuje na bitne razlike između ta dva područja, ali i sličnosti koje ih na neki način povezuju.
A corpus-based study of the distribution of word-final schwa in Standard French and what it teaches us about its phonological status
Authors: Hutin Mathilde , Jatteau Adèle , Vasilescu Ioana , Lamel Lori , Wu Yaru , Adda-Decker Martine
Published: December 2021

What is commonly considered as an epenthetic vowel can actually refer to at least two different realities: phonological epenthesis or phonetic excrescence. French schwa, noted [ә], is a vowel alternating with zero and limited to unstressed syllables that can appear word-internally or word-finally. This paper presents an extensive description of the distribution of word-final schwa in Standard French in order to shed light on its nature: is it an intrusive vowel or a full epenthetic vowel? To that extent, three large corpora of French containing more than 110 hours of speech were used to establish the presence of word-final schwa as a function of sociolinguistics, orthography, phonotactics and phonetics. Our conclusions are that word-final schwa is impacted by speech style, gender, orthography, phonotactics (i.e., the number of adjacent consonants and their sonority profile), and the phonological properties of the codas. However, speech rate does not impact word-final schwa realization. The specific results lead us to suggest that word-final schwa in Standard French shares similarities with intrusive vowels but ultimately behaves like a legit epenthetic vowel.
Virtual reality as a new tool for transport data collection
Authors: Agudelo-Vélez Laura , Sarmiento-Ordosgoitia Iván , Córdoba-Maquilón Jorge
Published: December 2021

Transport studies that adopt complex analyses present methodological challenges that lead to the use of innovative techniques to address the limitations of traditional methods. In the Latin American context, people consider security as a relevant variable in their daily lives. Thus, when people travel around the city and choose a mode of transport, secu-rity becomes an important factor and should therefore be included in transport studies. However, the definition of security in terms of transport in the Colombian context remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the security percep-tion effect on transport mode choice by addressing security as a latent variable consisting of three elements: environ-ment, subject and transport mode. We proposed the use of virtual reality (VR) to recreate travel routes and offer partic-ipants a scenario of choice closer to the natural conditions of a trip. The participants were provided routes in the form of immersive 3D videos recreating natural trip conditions to identify their choices and travel behaviour. Recordings were made of daily scenarios and existing urban environments portraying real and active modes of transport, giving respondents an almost-natural experience. The use of 360-degree immersive videos offers a multisensory experience allowing both the capture of socioeconomic and travel information and the collection of journey perception. The experiment evaluated two environments in Medellín, Colombia (secure (E1) and insecure (E2)) and studied the effects of lighting conditions (day (D) and night (N)). A total of four videos (E1D, E1N, E2D and E2N) depicting six transport modes in tandem were assessed by 92 participants from Medellín and Bogotá, Colombia. We found that environment-associated security perception varies depending on the time of the journey (day/night) and one’s familiarity with the environment. The research results position VR as a tool that offers high potential to support transport studies. We found that people’s movements, gestures and expressions while participating in the VR experiments resembled what was expected from journeys in reality. VR constitutes a relevant tool for transport studies, as it allows for an assessment of active transport mode perceptions. It prevents participants from being exposed to the risk associated with travel to specific places and carries out several routes in different transport modes even when participants cannot or have never undertaken journeys in the modes under assessment.
THE GIG ECONOMY – QUID IURIS?
Authors: Carby-Hall Joseph R.
Published: December 2021

Definition of the term “gig economy”. Its rapid growth. Advantages and disadvantages of the gig economy. The three legal stauses and their importance. The self-employed, employee and worker a distinction and their significance. Case law evaluation and analysis providing equitable developments to worker status. Judicial creativity. Epitome.
LABOUR STANDARDS AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE REGULATION – A NEW ERA OF ENFORCEMENT?
Authors: Gomula Joanna , Crawford James T.
Published: December 2021

Although the ILO has been in existence for over a century, it is not equipped with international mechanisms for enforcement of the labour standards that it promotes. Globalization and trade liberalization have exposed a strong relationship between labour rights and trade regulation, leading to attempts to regulate labour provisions in a trade context, initially through the WTO and, more recently, through labour clauses in bilateral and regional free trade agreements (FTAs). This contribution provides a historical overview of these attempts and presents most recent developments, which reflect a new policy of the United States and the European Union to use their FTAs as a stronger instrument of labour standards enforcement.
THE PRINCIPLE OF A RATIONAL LEGISLATOR AND THE SYSTEMIC REGULATION OF SOME LABOUR LAW INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Kuczyński Tadeusz
Published: December 2021

A systemic review of selected legal institutions of employees’ disciplinary liability leads to the conclusion that the regulation of disciplinary law is not based on rational and logical assumptions. Concerns are raised as to the existence of many statutes that regulate, separately for individual employee groups and, as a rule, differently, functionally identical substantive and procedural institutions of disciplinary liability. Such differences are not explained, by the different times at which individual statutes were enacted and the subject matter differences related to the exercise of particular professions. As for the legislator, a review of the relevant provisions of law indicates that the said regulations do not, in many situations, satisfy the principle of terminological consistency or the requirement of systemic coherence. This applies in particular to norms that, due to their faulty treatment of linguistic issues relating to the rational creation of law, do not meet the requirement of the said adequacy.
LABOUR IN A PREROGATIVE STATE IN THE SOCIALIST VERSION
Authors: Patulski Andrzej
Published: December 2021

This article is an analysis of labour idea in prerogative state in the socialist version. It attempts to answer the question, whether the theory and practice of the soviet country and other real socialist countries in the field of understanding labour and its value was or was not the contradiction to the Marxist vision of labour in a communist society
INTERPRETATION OF THE TERM EMPLOYER IN ARTICLE 3 OF THE POLISH LABOUR CODE
Authors: Jęcek Zuzanna
Published: December 2021

The article discusses concepts related to the legal definition of the key term in the Polish labour law system ‒ the concept of employer. The author presents the evolution of models and concepts for both individuals and organisational units acting as employers. The article addresses the issue of corporate links and the influence of such links on the definition of an employer, as well as the problems related to the qualification of a civil partnership.
CONSTRUCTION OF ADDITIONAL WORKING PLACES FOR ACADEMIC TEACHERS
Authors: Baran Krzysztof W. , Lekston Mariusz
Published: December 2021

Employment of an academic teacher at a basic and additional working place in one of the essential normative constructions regulated under the higher education act. Control of additional employment of academic teachers is one of exceptions from the constitutional principle of the freedom of work. This mechanism in the employment relationship of academic teachers is justified first of all by the role and tasks of the higher education system in the activities of the state. Additionally there should also be mentioned the protection of interests of an employer and the specific character of hiring academic teachers. Such criteria should also be used by a vice-chancellor when giving his/her consent to their employment at an additional working place.
THE RULES OF REMUNERATION OF THE WORKER COOPERATIVE MEMBERS
Authors: Duraj Tomasz
Published: December 2021

The subject of the foregoing study is an analysis of the specific rules for the remuneration of members of a worker cooperative who, by contributing to the organisation, participate in the economic risks associated with its operation. Each member of a worker cooperative is guaranteed the right to participate in the profit (balance surplus) of the cooperative, but at the same time participates in covering its losses up to the amount of the declared contribution. This special status of members of a worker cooperative, together with the obligation to work for that organisation on the basis of an employment relationship, has an impact on the remuneration of that category of workers. This can be seen in the structure of their remuneration, which consists of the current salary and the share of the balance surplus to be distributed among the members in accordance with the rules laid down in the statutes. Moreover, the current salary of a member of a worker cooperative and his share of the balance surplus are under protection provided by labour law for the remuneration of the employees.
PREREQUISITES FOR THE PROFESSIONAL PROMOTION OF SOCIAL WORKERS IN THE LIGHT OF THE APPLICABLE LAW
Authors: Pytlik Roksana
Published: December 2021

The regulations on the entitlement to practice the profession of a social worker are set out in Art. 116 of the Act of March 12, 2004 on social assistance. When assessing qualifications for employment as a social worker, the key is to meet the requirement of appropriate education. Employment in local government social welfare units is regulated by the provisions
of the Regulation of the Council of Ministers of May 15, 2018 on the remuneration of local government employees. A social worker has the opportunity to raise professional qualifications by participating in specialization in the profession of a social worker. In the process of social assistance reform, which seems to be going on, the important issue of professional development of social workers in the context of career advancement was overlooked. The Act on Social Assistance does not define any path to promotion. The regulation on remuneration of local government employees also does not regulate the possibility of professional promotion. The Act on Local Government Employees does not contain such regulations either.
REMARKS ON TRADE UNIONS’ ENTITLEMENTS IN THE FIELD OF COUNTERACTING BULLYING (MOBBING) AT WORK
Authors: Dzienisiuk Dorota
Published: December 2021

In Poland the obligation to counteract bullying (mobbing) is imposed on employers by Article 943 of the Labour Code. The method of fulfilling this obligation is not indicated. The regulation is limited to precising the employer’s liability. Also the Act on Trade Unions does not deal with the trade unions’ competences in the field of bullying (mobbing). Yet, it proclaims the protection of dignity and moral interests of persons performing work, both individual and collective ones, as one of the tasks of trade unions. Thus, it is sometimes suggested that trade union’s representatives should take active part in activities
and possible bodies aiming to counteract bullying (mobbing). However, admitting a trade union’s representative to employer’s activities aiming to counteract bullying might lead to infringement of the negative freedom of trade unions, personal rights and data of those people involved who are not trade union’s members.
Wpływ wilgotności powietrza na zdolność do gromadzenia ładunku elektrostatycznego przez wybrane pyły biomasy
Authors: Ptak Szymon , Płachetko Konrad
Published: December 2021

Wyładowanie elektrostatyczne jest jednym z potencjalnych źródeł zapłonu. Zależnie
od jego rodzaju, co przekłada się na wydzieloną do otoczenia energię, zdolne jest do
zapalenia większości mieszanin pyłów palnych i wszystkich mieszanin gazów i par
cieczy palnych z powietrzem. W ramach środków stosowanych w ochronie przed
wybuchem ogranicza się możliwość powstania efektywnych źródeł zapłonu. Wpływ
na to może mieć wilgotność otoczenia. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zbadanie
wpływu wilgotności otoczenia na rezystywność i czas zaniku ładunku wybranych
próbek pyłów biomasy stosowanych do celów m.in. energetycznych. Zmiana parametrów
wilgotności wpływać będzie znacząco na poziom zagrożenia wybuchowego.
Design of Socioenactive Systems Based on Physiological Sensors and Robot Behavior in Educational Environments
Authors: Gonçalves Diego Addan , Caceffo Ricardo Edgard , Valente José Armando , Baranauskas M. Cecilia C.
Published: December 2021

Computational systems based on ubiquitous and pervasive technology present several challenges related to the interaction of people with scenarios constituted by sensors and actuators, changing the mindset of what we used to understand as interaction with a computer.  This also has influence in the ways of considering the design of systems based on contemporary technology for the educational context. To cope with the challenges of ubiquitous computing, the concept of socioenactive system is being constructed as a system in which human and technological aspects are coupled together in a cycle of perceptually guided actions of people interacting with elements of the physical environment and with other people in the same scenario. In this work we address the design of a socioenactive system as an evolution of two previous systems designed and experimented with 5-year-old children in an educational context.   The contribution of this paper is twofold: 1. We present an analysis of two different systems tested in educational scenarios, pointing out the lack of elements that should be present in a complete cycle of socioenactive systems, suggesting requirements for a third system; 2. We present an architecture for the third system and a simulation of its usage. Results of the third system and its simulation inform the next activities of bringing it to real life in a practice proposed for the same audience and context as the previous systems.
Peer Instruction in Computing Higher Education: A Case Study of a Logic in Computer Science Course in Brazilian Context
Authors: Bispo Jr. Esdras L. , Lopes Rosemara P. , Santos Simone C.
Published: December 2021

One of the challenges of Computing Education Research is the proposition of new learning methods. Researches indicate active learning methods are more effective than traditional ones. Peer Instruction is one of these learning methods that promotes a student-centered class, enabling (s)he constructs his/her comprehension through a structured approach with questions and peer discussions, used in Computing in the last years. Nevertheless, researches about the use of this method are very scarce in South America. Accordingly, this research aims to discuss the impact of Peer Instruction use on higher education from a Logic in Brazilian Computer Science course. The research context is an undergraduate course in Computer Science in the first term of 2018 at the Federal University of Jataí. Sufficient evidence was found for the veracity of two propositions related to this study: (i) Peer Instruction use guarantees a learning gain of students, and (ii) Peer Instruction is well accepted by students. Therefore, it concluded that Peer Instruction use is suitable for Logic courses in Computing Higher Education in Brazil, with good acceptance from students.
Progress in Domestic Wastewater Treatment, Resource Recovery and Energy Generation Using Microbial Fuel Cell
Authors: Ayalneh Tiruye Girum
Published: December 2021

Microbial fuel cells (MFC) are emerging as a versatile eco-friendly bioelectrochemical system (BES) that utilizes microorganisms as biocatalysts to simultaneously convert chemical energy in the chemical bond of organic and inorganic substrates into bioelectricity and treat wastewater. The performance of MFC depends on the electroactive microorganisms, popularly known as exoelectrogens, the loading rate of organic substrate, pH, MFC configurations, hydraulic retention time, and temperature. In most cases, the performance of MFC can be evaluated by measuring chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency, Coulombic efficiency and MFC power density output. To date, the most common MFC’s reactor designs are single-chamber MFC, double-chambers MFC, and stacked-MFC configurations. Generally, considerable developments in MFC systems for waste treatment, renewable energy generation and resource recovery have been made in the last two decades, despite critical challenges of capital cost investment, and low efficiency for large scale applications are impeding MFC from commercialization. This mini-review chapter provides a comprehensive assessment of principles and configurations of MFC, treatment of domestic wastewater, energy generation, and resource recovery by MFC and challenges of MFC. I believe the information provided in this chapter will enlighten the current and future prospects of versatile applications of MFC during domestic wastewater treatment.
Algae Based Bio-Plastics: Future of Green Economy
Authors: Sreenikethanam Arathi , Bajhaiya Amit
Published: December 2021

Plastic has become one of the most crucial requirements of the modern-day living. The continuous reliance on the petroleum-based, non-biodegradable plastics has resulted in increased global environmental damage and rapid depletion of fossil fuels. Bioplastic, with remarkably similar properties to petroleum-based plastics is a promising alternative to overcome these emerging challenges. Despite the fact that algae and cyanobacteria are feasible alternative source for bio-plastic, there have been limited studies on strain selection and optimization of culture conditions for the bio plastic production. Naturally, algae and cynobacteria can accumulate higher amount of metabolites under stress conditions however one of the recent study on genetic engineering of Synechocystis sp. coupled with abiotic stresses showed up to 81% of increase in PHB level in the transformed lines. This chapter provides summary of various studies done in the field of algal bio-plastics, including bioplastic properties, genetic engineering, current regulatory framework and future prospects of bioplastic. Further the applications of bioplastics in industrial sector as well as opportunities and role of bio plastic in green economy are also discussed.
Contributions of Linguistics to the Study of Aphasias: Focus on Discursive Approaches
Authors: do Carmo Novaes-Pinto Rosana , Rodrigues de Lima Arnaldo
Published: December 2021

The chapter aims to present and discuss the contributions of Linguistics to the study of aphasias, especially regarding the power of discursive theories to subsidize language assessment and therapeutic follow-up with aphasic individuals. Jakobson, in 1956, based on Saussure’s approach and on Luria’s neuropsychological theory, was the first scholar to call for the participation of linguists in this field, once “aphasia is a problem of language”. Nonetheless, aphasia does not disturb only linguistic formal levels – phonetical-phonological, syntactic, lexical-semantic –, but also pragmatic and discursive aspects of language that are constitutive of meaning processes involved in the social use of language. Unfortunately, more traditional approaches to language assessment and to the follow-up work are exclusively based on metalinguistic tasks, which do not take into consideration the subjective and contextual aspects of language functioning. The experience we have acquired over more than thirty years within the field of Neurolinguistics has shown that qualitative longitudinal researches – mainly case studies – are a privileged locus to seek for evidences of how the linguistic levels are impacted in the several forms of aphasia. Such understanding, in turn, favor the therapeutic work towards more contextualized activities, in order to help the individuals to reorganize their linguistic-cognitive processes.
Growth Factors and Dental Implantology
Authors: Gupta Deeksha
Published: December 2021

Normal healing procedure of bone involves various sequential events to develop bone and bridge the bone -to- bone gap. When this healing occurs with a metal (titanium) fixture on one side, it is called as osseointegration. After extensive studies on this topic, it is found that this procedure occurs in presence of various biologic constituents that are spontaneously released at the site. Thus, to accelerate normal healing after implant placement and make results more predictable, it has been proposed to use these autologous factors in the osteotomy site. Since it is the beginning of a new revolution in dental implantology, right now it is essential to analyze all possible combinations of host conditions, bone quality and quantity and bio factors being used. This can definitely be a boon for the patients with compromised systemic or local conditions.
Peeling of Epiretinal Membrane: Analysis of Prognostic Factors and Surgical Complications, Impacting Visual Outcome
Authors: Beketova Tatyana , Landa Gennady
Published: December 2021

An epiretinal membrane (ERM) is the most common pathology of the vitreoretinal interface. First-line therapy for a symptomatic ERM is vitrectomy with ERM peeling. Clinical prognostic factors for postoperative visual acuity improvement include baseline visual acuity, age, duration of symptoms, and baseline pseudophakia. Postoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) shows improvement in the integrity of the inner/outer segment junction and a reduction in the thickness of the ganglion cell complex and foveola. Retinal changes after ERM peel are also described using OCT angiography, fluorescein angiography, fundus autofluorescence, and multifocal retinography. Complications of ERM peeling include cataract formation, retinal breaks/detachments, ERM recurrence, and macular holes.
Improve Energy Efficiency in Surface Mines Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Soofastaei Ali , Fouladgar Milad
Published: December 2021

This chapter demonstrates the practical application of artificial intelligence (AI) to improve energy efficiency in surface mines. The suggested AI approach has been applied in two different mine sites in Australia and Iran, and the achieved results have been promising. Mobile equipment in mine sites consumes a massive amount of energy, and the main part of this energy is provided by diesel. The critical diesel consumers in surface mines are haul trucks, the huge machines that move mine materials in the mine sites. There are many effective parameters on haul trucks’ fuel consumption. AI models can help mine managers to predict and minimize haul truck energy consumption and consequently reduce the greenhouse gas emission generated by these trucks. This chapter presents a practical and validated AI approach to optimize three key parameters, including truck speed and payload and the total haul road resistance to minimize haul truck fuel consumption in surface mines. The results of the developed AI model for two mine sites have been presented in this chapter. The model increased the energy efficiency of mostly used trucks in surface mining, Caterpillar 793D and Komatsu HD785. The results show the trucks’ fuel consumption reduction between 9 and 12%.
Study of Adsorption Properties of Bentonite Clay
Authors: Marouf Reda , Dali Nacer , Boudouara Nadia , Ouadjenia Fatima , Zahaf Faiza
Published: December 2021

The clay used in this study was the bentonite from Mostagnem, Algeria. This material is used in many fields such as drilling, foundry, painting, ceramics, etc. It can also be applied in the treatment of wastewaters from chemical industries by means of adsorption. In this chapter the physicochemical properties of bentonite were determined by using several analyses techniques such as chemical composition, XRD, FTIR and SBET. The bentonite was intercalated by aluminum poly-cations solution and cethytrimethyl ammonium bromide. The acid activation of natural bentonite was performed by treatment with hydrochloric acid at different concentrations. The surface water pollutants removed by the modified bentonites are bemacid yellow E-4G and reactive MX-4R dyes, and fungicide chlorothalinil. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to describe the related isotherms. The pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models were used to describe the kinetic data. The changes of enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy of adsorption process were also calculated.
An Algebraic Hyperbolic Spline Quasi-Interpolation Scheme for Solving Burgers-Fisher Equations
Authors: Jeyar Mohamed , Lamnii Abdellah , Yassir Nour Mohamed , Oumellal Fatima , Zidna Ahmed
Published: December 2021

In this work, the results on hyperbolic spline quasi-interpolation are recalled to establish the numerical scheme to obtain approximate solutions of the generalized Burgers-Fisher equation. After introducing the generalized Burgers-Fisher equation and the algebraic hyperbolic spline quasi-interpolation, the numerical scheme is presented. The stability of our scheme is well established and discussed. To verify the accuracy and reliability of the method presented in this work, we select two examples to conduct numerical experiments and compare them with the calculated results in the literature.
Quaternary Marine Mollusk Associations of the Last Interglacials in North Patagonia (Argentina): Paleoecology and Paleoclimates
Authors: Charó M.P.
Published: December 2021

Deposits of different Quaternary marine transgressions are largely exposed in the Argentine north Patagonian littoral (39°15′S–41°02′S), south of the Buenos Aires and north of Río Negro provinces. The malacological associations of 84 sites were studied. Among them, 31 belong to Pleistocene deposits of the interglacials ≥ MIS 9, MIS 7, MIS 5e, 29 to Holocene deposits of the interglacial MIS 1, and 24 sites of modern beaches. These sites yielded 7385 fossils among valves and shells, of 78 species (42 bivalves and 36 gastropods), including 11 micromolluskan species. The record of the bivalves Crassostrea rhizophorae in the south of the Buenos Aires Province, and Anomalocardia brasiliana (both currently inhabiting lower latitudes), and very likely the gastropod Tegula atra (inhabiting today the Pacific Ocean) in the north of Río Negro Province, suggests that interglacials MIS 7, MIS 5e and MIS 1 were warmer than today. However, the associations determined for the studied interglacials have not changed in their composition, but in abundance of species, except for the latitudinal shifts of the three mentioned species, and the presence of cold to temperate water taxa since the MIS 1 in the ecotonal area of the north of Río Negro Province. Changes in the associations of northern Patagonia during the Quaternary derived from global changes (sea surface temperature, salinity, etc.), and the existence of habitat heterogeneity in each of the areas, that enabled the co-existence of different bivalve and gastropod species of the local benthic marine malacofauna.
When Should the Military Get Involved in Politics?
Authors: Davidovic Jovana ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: December 2021

Commonly the military stays out of politics, and for good reason. Federal law regulates political activity for active duty military rather strictly because the consequences of having a military that is partisan can be devastating, as history has shown us repeatedly. In this paper, I argue that the current rules of political neutrality are too broad and that there are times when our military leaders ought to engage in political debate so as to serve the same aims that justify having strict political neutrality rules in the first place: namely building civilian-military trust, and promoting troop cohesion and morale.
Use of public transport associated with colds in the capital of Peru: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sachun-Silva Louigi S. , Mejía Christian R.
Published: December 2021

Introduction Confined and crowded environments, such as public transport, can act as hot spots for spreading infectious diseases. Of these, common acute respiratory infections of easy contagion are of great interest. Objectives To establish the association between the use of ground public transport and the acquisition of common cold in Lima, Peru. Methods Analytical cross-sectional study. It was carried out through secondary data analysis from a primary study conducted at the Faculty of Medicine of the Ricardo Palma University in Lima, Peru. The dependent variable was the acquisition of common colds, and the independent variable was the use of public transportation (bus, metropolitan, bus corridor, collective cab, non-collective cab, and other means). The covariates of interests were age, sex, and socioeconomic level time and frequency of exposure. Generalized linear models were performed to estimate prevalence ratios (PR), using the Poisson family, log link and robust models. Results Of the 591 respondents, 53% were female, the median age was 20 years, and 90.3% belonged to the middle class. Most traveled by bus (72.4%), and in the last three months the median number of colds was one. We found a difference in the number of colds according to the age of the respondents (P = 0.019). Having a common cold was associated with traveling more days per week in public transport (adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.04; 95% confidence interval: 1.03 to 1.05; p value < 0.001), spending more minutes per day traveling to work (1.0025; 1.0023 to 1.0027; p value < 0.001), more minutes per day returning home (1.0022; 1.0015 to 1.0030; p value < 0.001), more use of the subway or metro (1.37; 1.29 to 1.46; p value < 0.001), or using the municipal bus corridor (1.22; 1.01 to 1.47; p value = 0.036). Conclusions The use of public ground transportation is associated with the acquisition of the common cold. Confined spaces and poor ventilation are essential factors to consider.
Apuntes de crítica textual a El señor feudal (1896), de Joaquín Dicenta
Authors: Muñoz Álvarez Manuel Javier
Published: December 2021

A finales de 1896, se estrenó El señor feudal, un drama social compuesto por Joaquín Dicenta, que acabó olvidado por la apabullante acogida de Juan José (1895), su predecesor. Este artículo aborda las principales transformaciones que ha experimentado la obra en su transmisión textual, tanto las variantes de autor como los accidentes de la copia, en base a los dos manuscritos conservados y la editio princeps. Un estudio de este tipo permite obtener un retrato más fidedigno del escritor y entender mejor su proceso creativo, además de llenar algunas de las lagunas que rodean a esta obra ignorada por gran parte de la crítica.
Reseña de Carmen Conde desde su Edén, de Francisco Javier Díez de Revenga
Authors: Alava Carrascal Maria Eugenia
Published: December 2021

Reseña de:
Francisco Javier Díez de Revenga, Carmen Conde desde su Edén, Murcia, Academia Alfonso X El Sabio, 2020, ISBN: 978-84-121054-8-3, 333 pp.
Reseña de Teatro de ayer y de hoy a escena, de José Romera Castillo
Authors: Jódar Peinado Pilar
Published: December 2021

Reseña de:
José Romera Castillo, Teatro de ayer y de hoy a escena, Madrid, Verbum, 2020, ISBN: 978-84-1337-250-1, 439 pp.
Las canciones de Joaquín Sabina y sus libros de poemas: variantes y reescrituras
Authors: Núñez Díaz Pablo
Published: December 2021

Este artículo se centra en los poemas de Joaquín Sabina que están más estrechamente vinculados a sus canciones. El principal objetivo es señalar las principales variantes entre las versiones de los libros y las de los discos, y estudiar las reescrituras. En los casos más relevantes, se ofrecerá una interpretación de los motivos por los que el autor lleva a cabo los cambios en cuestión y de cómo estos afectan estética y temáticamente a los textos. El corpus analizado incluye, respecto a los álbumes musicales, desde Inventario (1978) hasta Lo niego todo (2017), y, en lo que tiene que ver con los libros, desde Memoria del exilio (1976) ―volumen que prácticamente no ha sido estudiado hasta la fecha― hasta Román paladino (2018).
Ciclo de desenvolvimento da nogueira-pecã – Escala fenológica
Authors: De Marco Rudinei , Martins Carlos Roberto , Herter Flavio Gilberto , Crosa Claudia Farela Ribeiro , Nava Gilmar Antônio
Published: December 2021

O conhecimento da fenologia permite identificar o momento fisiológico ao qual se encontram associadas as necessidades do vegetal que, uma vez atendidas, possibilitarão definir períodos propícios para a realização dos tratos culturais e de manejo. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desse trabalho foi descrever a escala BBCH para nogueira-pecã, de forma a padronizar os estudos realizados sobre o tema e auxiliar no reconhecimento dos principais estádios fenológicos da espécie no Rio Grande do Sul – Brasil e Uruguai. Para a descrição da escala fenológica utilizou-se diferentes cultivares para representar a média de cada estádio fenológico da cultura em dois locais e em dois ciclos. Com base na escala BBCH original, foi descrito a escala fenológica para nogueira-pecã totalizando 34 estádios que permitem identificar as principais fases do desenvolvimento, através de uma abordagem precisa e simplificada. Essa escala permite, através da codificação utilizada, padronizar e uniformizar os estudos sobre a cultura.
Produção de pós-larvas de tilápia do Nilo em sistema de recirculação de água com tanques retangulares e diferentes designs de entrada de água
Authors: Souza Michael Blank de , Silva Tuanny Trindade da , Leal Heloise Nantes Romero , Alves Neto Ademar , Neu Dacley Hertes , Hilbig Cleonice Cristina , Lewandowski Vanessa
Published: December 2021

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes formas de entrada de água em tanques retangulares na produção de pós-larvas de tilápia do Nilo em sistema de recirculação. 720 animais com peso de 0,02 g e comprimento de 12.52 mm foram distribuídos em 12 tanques retangulares, com relação de comprimento/largura de 1,20 e vazão de entrada de água de 3,2 vezes o volume útil dos tanques. Os tratamentos consistiram em três designs de entrada de água: superior, única vertical submersa e dupla vertical submersa, com quatro repetições cada. Foram avaliados o desempenho produtivo (peso e comprimento final, taxa de crescimento específico, fator de condição e sobrevivência) e a qualidade de água (pH, oxigênio dissolvido, temperatura, sólidos dissolvidos e condutividade elétrica). O oxigênio dissolvido foi avaliado nas quatro extremidades e ao centro de cada tanque para verificar a existência de zonas mortas. Além disso, foi verificado a concentração de sólidos suspensos, 30 minutos após o arraçoamento aos 21 dias de estudo. O design de entrada de água não influenciou no desempenho produtivo e nos parâmetros gerais de qualidade de água (p>0,05). Não houve diferença na concentração de oxigênio dissolvido dentro do tanque do mesmo tratamento, indicando que não houve formação de zonas mortas (p>0,05). Houve diferença na concentração de oxigênio dissolvido nas extremidades e no centro dos tanques, devido aos tratamentos, onde os menores valores foram verificados para os tanques com entrada de água única vertical submersa (p<0,05). Os tanques com dupla entrada vertical submersa apresentaram menor concentração de sólidos suspensos, em comparação aos demais tratamentos (p<0,05). Dessa forma, não é indicado a utilização de entrada única vertical submersa e como não houve influência negativa no desempenho produtivo e qualidade de água, é possível produzir pós-larvas de tilápia do Nilo com entrada de água superior.
Mineralization of residue from the drying of black pepper when applied to the soil
Authors: Bosa Igor Rozado , Lo Monaco Paola Alfonsa Vieira , Haddade Ismail Ramalho , Vieira Gustavo Haddad Souza , Krause Marcelo Rodrigo , Nandorf Rodrigo Junior
Published: December 2021

The use of residues from the black pepper bean drying process as fertilizer for agricultural crops implies the need to know the dynamics of their decomposition and release of the nutrients to guide it’s management, especially regarding the best time of its application in the soil. This study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of organic carbon and nitrogen during the mineralization process of this residue. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with ten treatments related to different post-disposal periods to the soil (0, 7, 13, 20, 27, 34, 48, 69, 98, 147 days). Samples were collected to quantify easily oxidized organic carbon (OCeo), organic nitrogen (ON) and the determinations of their respective mineralized fractions. The evaluation of OCeo mineralization, being more stable and less susceptible to climatic variations, was the most appropriate for estimating the mineralized fraction of the residue. The application of the residue in dystrophic Yellow Red Latosol soil during the month of August provides, after 140 days, OCeo and ON mineralized fractions around 99 and 60%, respectively, in the climatic conditions of Espirito Santo state, Brazil.
Black, White, and Grey
Authors: Ellern Gillian (Jill) D , Cruz Laura
Published: December 2021

This study seeks to extend wicked problems analysis within the context of a library’s support for virtual reality (VR) and the related extended reality (XR) emerging technologies. The researchers conducted 11 interviews with 13 librarians, embedded IT staff, and/or faculty members who were involved in administering, managing, or planning a virtual reality lab or classroom in a library (or similar unit) in a higher education setting. The qualitative analysis of the interviews identified clusters of challenges, which are categorized as either emergent (but solvable) such as portability and training; complicated (but possible) such as licensing and ethics: and/or wicked (but tameable). The respondents framed their role in supporting the wickedness of VR/XR in three basic ways: library as gateway, library as learning partner, and library as maker. Five taming strategies were suggested from this research to help librarians wrestle with these challenges of advocating for a vision of VR/XR on their respective campuses. This research also hints at a larger role for librarians in the research of technology diffusion and what that might mean to their role in higher education in the future.
The Productive Efficiency of Science and Technology Worldwide: A Frontier Analysis
Authors: Ferro Gustavo , Romero Carlos A.
Published: December 2021

We are interested in how codified knowledge is produced around the globe (which inputs are used to produce scientific articles and patented inventions) and the efficiency of the process (how do the best performers produce more with the same inputs or produce the same with less inputs). Using a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) efficiency frontier approach, we aim to determine which countries are more efficient at producing codified knowledge. We proxy knowledge production by publications and patents, obtained through human (researchers) and non-human (R&D expenditure) resources. We built a 15-year database with more than 800 observations of these and other variables. Our findings enable us to distinguish efficiency by country, geographical region, and income area. We run four different specifications and correlate the results with partial productivity indexes seeking consistency. Under constant returns to scale, the most traditional producers of knowledge are not fully efficient. Instead, small countries with limited resources appear to be efficient. When we add environmental conditions, both sets of countries are efficient producers of knowledge outputs. High-income regions, on the one hand, and East Asia, North America, and Europe and Central Asia, on the other, are the most efficient regions at producing knowledge.
A Joint Assessment of Reasoning about General Statements in Mathematics and Biology
Authors: Samková Libuše , Rokos Lukáš , Vízek Lukáš
Published: December 2021

This contribution belongs to a larger empirical study that focuses on issues related to the implementation of inquiry-based learning and formative assessment in science and mathematics education, while it also refers to the issue of STEM education. Here, we discuss the two topics from the perspective of professional preparation of primary school teachers. We employ an educational tool called Concept Cartoons and perceive it as a common diagnostic tool for investigating modes of reasoning about general statements in arithmetic, geometry and biology. The presented qualitative exploratory empirical study maps and codes various kinds of reasoning that can be identified with the tool and investigates possibilities of a joint coding procedure. As a result, it provides a conversion table between various modes of reasoning in the three subject domains. The arisen code categories cover the field of generic examples, including the initial stages so that they can be used for scaffolding the process of learning the foundations of deductive reasoning. The joint approach to reasoning in mathematics and biology shows how argumentation and formative assessment can be understood equally and developed simultaneously in both school subjects. It helps us to see how the two school subjects can be integrated didactically.
Seria Hobbes um jusnaturalista?
Authors: Mattos da Silva Delmo
Published: December 2021

Este artigo discute a relação entre os parâmetros do jusnaturalismo e do positivismo jurídico no âmbito do sistema filosófico e político de Hobbes. Nestes termos, evidencia-se a possibilidade da convivência simultânea das duas correntes jusfilosóficas, ou seja, o positivismo e o jusnaturalismo em um mesmo sistema filosófico, utilizado, sobretudo, por Hobbes para justificar as clausuras da instituição de um poder comum capaz de garantir a obtenção da paz. Deste modo, defende-se o argumento da preeminência de um “condicionamento recíproco” entre as leis da natureza e as leis civis, favorecendo a diminuição da tensão entre ambos os ordenamentos jurídicos. Tal argumento confirma a reciprocidade entre as leis da natureza e as leis civis estabelecendo uma relação de complementariedade entre o positivismo e o jusnaturalismo. Com base nesta asserção, torna-se possível expor o argumento no qual o ordenamento jurídico de Hobbes pode ser identificado tanto como positivista quanto como jusnaturalista, sem, contudo, ser considerado contraditório.
Tolerância, cultura e direitos humanos em Habermas
Authors: Volpato Dutra Delamar José
Published: December 2021

O texto trata da questão da diversidade cultural e de suas ressonâncias na doutrina da tolerância, a partir da perspectiva de Habermas. Para este autor, a tolerância religiosa seria exemplar para a compreensão da diversidade cultural, a partir justamente de uma perspectiva tolerante. Nesse desiderato, há uma recusa de um multiculturalismo forte que defende a cultura como uma entidade portadora de direitos. A recusa se dá em razão de tal posição ferir direitos humanos fundamentais de escolha. Na sequência o texto aponta para a democracia como meio adequado de estabelecimento das fronteiras da tolerância e da intolerância.
Violência e linguagem
Authors: Weil Éric
Published: December 2021

O texto “Violence et langage” é o resultado da participação de Éric Weil na Semaine des Intellectuels Catholiques, em fevereiro de 1967. O evento promovido pelo Centre Catholique des Intellectuels Français contou com mais de vinte conferencistas, entre os quais encontramos nomes como Gaston Fessard, Raymond Aron e Paul Ricoeur. Justamente com esse último, Weil dividiu a sessão “Violência e linguagem”, presidida por Étienne Borne