bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Homeland and Alienation in "Shadaia Al Bahr, Hakaya Al Manfa" For the Contemporary Iraqi Poet Jawad Jamil
Authors: اللواتي إحسان
Published: August 2023

It is no secret to anyone who is familiar with the poetic experience of the contemporary Iraqi poet Jawad Jamil that talking about homeland and exile has a special place in it. And while the love of the homeland is instilled in the instinct of every one of us, and it is from faith, the issue becomes of a distinctive nature when we contemplate it poetically, with a sensitive poet, whose circumstances prescribe him to live in exile from his homeland (Iraq) for many years, during which he suffered great suffering, and he passed Various experiences that had a great impact on his conscience in the beginning, and then on his poetic creativity. This study is an approach to the various artistic images in which the homeland first appeared, in a specific collection of poetry, "Shadaia Al Bahr, Hakaya Al Manfa" as they are multiple images with deep connotations of the features and characteristics of the poet's experience. The study then deals with, after that, the images of alienation from the homeland in the Diwan itself, as this too, with its depth and multiple connotations, reveals complementary dimensions that help clarify the overall picture of the experience. In this endeavor, the study will depend on a descriptive and analytical reading of the aforementioned Diwan. In order for this reading to be our means of entering the poetic world of the poet through his creativity in the Diwan.
IMPLEMENTASI KONSEP MARKETING MODEREN UNTUK STRATEGI PEMASARAN ZAKAT
Authors: Johan Wahyu Wicaksono
Published: August 2023

Lembaga Amil Zakat sebagai lembaga sosial, tugas utamanya adalah menerima dan menyalurkan dana ZIS. Berapapun dana yang diterima akan disalurkan dengan mekanisme yang berlaku sesuai asnaf yang ditentukan. Terdapat pergeseran pengelolaan zakat di masa modern sekarang ini dibanding dengan jaman dahulu. Dimasa Rasulullah dan para sahabat, Baitul Maal tidak dibebani target perolehan ZIS. Berapapun dana yang masuk langsung disalurkan untuk masyarakat yang membutuhkan. Berbeda dengan kondisi saat ini, ada kecenderungan Lembaga Amil Zakat dibebani target pencapaian harian, pekanan, bulanan dan tahunan. Hal ini menyebabkan marketing Lembaga amil zakat harus bekerja keras untuk memenuhi target dengan mencari muzakki atau para dermawan sebanyak-banyaknya.

Pengelolaan lembaga amil zakat modern saat ini menggunakan pendekatan manajemen perusahaan umum yang mengedepankan profesionalisme dan berorientasi target. Strategi marketing yang dipakai adalah strategi marketing perusahaan yang berorientas profit. Salahsatu konsep pemasaran modern yang sering dipakai untuk perusahaan umum  adalah strategi bauran pemasaran yang terdiri dari 8P; product, price, place, promotion, people, process, physical evidence, customer service.

            Konsep tersebut diimplementasikan sebagai strategi untuk meningkatkan perolehan dana zakat oleh lembaga amil zakat padahal dari sisi filosofis terdapat perbedaan antara perusahaan beroriontasi profit dan lembaga sosial. Strategi ini tentu tidak merubah Lembaga Amil Zakat sebagai lembaga sosial menjadi perusahaan yang profit oriented namun diharapkan bisa mengoptimalkan perolehan dana zakat sehingga memberikan manfaat lebih luas kepada masyarakat yang berhak menerimanya.
Kreativitas Guru Dalam Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Siswa Pada Lembaga Pendidikan Di Rw 06 Petukangan Selatan
Authors: Rika Handayani  , Taufiq Ramadhan  , Azmi Islami  , Dinda Imroatul Azizah
Published: August 2023

Abstract:

A teacher is required to be more creative in processing the learning process into something unique and interesting. Teaching creativity is defined as a quality in which teachers must develop new and imaginative ideas in teaching. Therefore, a creative response in teaching can be in the form of good classroom management that can create a conducive learning atmosphere, the use of interesting learning media, and variations in teaching styles. Real Work Lecture (KKN) is a concrete manifestation of the duties of lecturers and students in carrying out the Tri Dharma of Higher Education, namely the aspect of service. Through community service activities in the RW 06 area, Petukngan Selatan, there is a synergy between universities and the community as a form of democratic knowledge. The purpose of this service is to provide understanding to the local community about the importance of education to assist the government in educating the nation's children. Service is carried out through activities: Teaching KKN. The results of the service provide an illustration of increasing enthusiasm and increasing public understanding, especially teachers and parents, about how to foster creativity in educating, educational psychology, the importance of reading for children, tutoring and making learning media for teachers as materials for teaching in monotheism-based classes.
Konsep Pendidik Dalam Perspektif Al-Qur’an (Studi Kasus di Pondok Pesantren Darunanjah Jakarta)
Authors: Rokimin  , Moh. Rofiq
Published: August 2023

Abstrak

 

Pendidik sebagai komponen yang terpenting di dunia pendidikan menjadi figur di lingkungannya dalam mengantarkan anak-anak didiknya pada ranah kehidupan masa depan yang lebih cerah. Pendidik sebagai ujung tombak dalam memberangus kebodohan dan kemaksiatan, tentunya harus memiliki karakteristik Qur’ani dengan jalan yang persuasif dan konstruktif. Apabila dalam Al-Qur’an setidaknya disebutkan empat klasifikasi pendidik, namun pada dasarnya memiliki “kesamaan” dalam pembinaan terhadap anak didik sesaui dengan obyeknya masing-masing dan berujung kepada penegakan kalimatullah.

Sedangkan menyangkut keikhlasan pendidik dalam Al-Qur-an, untuk tidak mengharapkan apa-apa dalam mentransefer ilmunya kepada orang lain, tentunnya hal ini perlu ditanamkan seorang pendidik dari sejak dini. Namun sebagai pendidik, ia mempunyai dua kewajiban yang bersamaan. Satu sisi pendidik mempunyai kewajiban untuk menyampaikan ilmunya, mencerdaskan masyarakat, sedangkan sisi lain ia mempunyai kewajiban menyambung hidupnya. Sehingga dua kewajiban yang bersamaan ini semestinya harus terpenuhi tanpa mengurangi keikhlasan yang dianjurkan dalam Al-Qur’an.

Dengan demikian pendidik dalam Al-Qur’an adalah sebagai penentu kebaikan generasi muda masa depan, karena ditangan pendidiklah generasi muda akan menjadi generasi yang tangguh dan siap melanjutkan estafet kepemimpinan masa dengan yang lebih damai sejahtera sesuai dengan ajaran Al-Qur’an.
Opinions of a selected population of Nigerian dental surgeons on the preferred management of unerupted maxillary canines
Authors: Adeyemi A. T. , Lasisi T. J.
Published: August 2023

Objective: To assess the survey opinions of Dental Surgeons working in one of the Nigerian Teaching Hospitals on their preferred management of unerupted maxillary canines.

Method: The setting was the Dental Centre, University College Hospital, Ibadan. The participants were 46 Dental Surgeons working within the selected Teaching Hospital. The instrument of study was a questionnaire which consisted of 10 open ended questions, for information on questionnaire, sociodemographic characteristics. Data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed and frequencies were generated.

Result: Four main types of treatment were preferred by participants: 23(54.7%) of the dental surgeons preferred alignment with orthodontic treatment to all other forms of management, 12(28.6%) preferred surgical extraction, 5 (11%) preferred transplantation and 2 (4%) preferred observation and monitoring .

Conclusion: Opinions of dental surgeons surveyed indicated that most dental surgeons would prefer orthodontic alignment of the unerupted maxillary canine above other dental treatment.
Crown dilacerations - Two case reports
Authors: Rao P. K. , Shetty S. R. , Veena K. M. , Chatra L. , Shenai P.
Published: August 2023

Crown dilaceration is a relatively abnormal clinical finding when compared to root dilacerations. The incidence of crown dilacerations is stated to be as low as 3%. This report presents two cases of crown dilacerations in two different locations. A brief review of the literature pertinent to the condition, and the clinical and radiological features of this rarer entity are discussed.
Double teeth in the primary dentition: Case reports from a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Olatosi O. O. , Sote E. O.
Published: August 2023

The term double tooth is used to describe the developmental dental abnormalities called gemination and fusion. Gemination is an attempted, incomplete division of a single tooth germ during the proliferation stage of odontogenesis, while fusion is the union of two or more independently developing teeth. Although the prevalence of primary double teeth is low, double teeth are of clinical interests because of the associated clinical problems. The clinical problems associated with the condition in the primary dentition are often downplayed for various reasons in spite of their importance. Primary double teeth ought to be carefully investigated so that these clinical problems which may affect the permanent dentition can be effectively managed. Perhaps primary double teeth have not received adequate documentation in our environment because of the low prevalence. This paper presents four primary double teeth in three patients. One of the cases presented occurred bilaterally, a relatively uncommon phenomena. The associated clinical problems are illustrated in the cases and the management discussed. Although primary double teeth are asymptomatic and in some cases may not interfere with function, they do have associated clinical problems. Early diagnosis and regular clinical and radiographic observations are necessary for effective management and appropriate treatment of the anomaly.
Central mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the mandible: A case report
Authors: Ogunmuyiwa S. A. , Adebiyi K. E. , Olutunde O. , Gbolahan O. O.
Published: August 2023

Primary central salivary gland carcinomas of the mandible are uncommon neoplasms. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a distinct pathologic entity of the salivary glands and comprises 5-10% of all salivary gland tumours. Central mucoepidermoid carcinomas (CMC) are extremely rare, comprising 2-3% of all mucoepidermoid carcinomas reported. This is a case report of central mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the anterior region of the mandible in a 37 year old female patient. Histopathological findings revealed a fibrous connective tissue within which are scattered islands, sheets and cords of neoplastic epidermoid and intermediate cell clusters exhibiting cellular pleomorphism and nuclear hyperchromatism. A diagnosis of central high grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma was made. The patient was thereafter referred to a tertiary institution with facilities for radiotherapy on account of the grade of the tumour.
Spectrum of diseases and pattern of referral at the Oral Diagnosis Clinic of a tertiary dental center
Authors: Omitola O. G. , Osagbemiro B. , Akadiri O. A.
Published: August 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the scope of oral diseases and referrals within the Dental Centre at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH).

Method: The clinic logbook of the Oral diagnosis clinic of the Dental centre, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital was reviewed retrospectively over an 18-month period. Demographic and clinical data of all patients were retrieved and statistically analyzed using SPSS Version 17.0.

Result: There were 2,249 patients comprising 945 (42%) males and 1,304 (58%) females. The age range was 1month to 95 years and mean age, 29.9 + 16.8 years. The mean age for male was 30.4 + 17.3years and for female, 29.5±16.4 years. Based on their age, patients were categorized into children, youth, middle age and elderly. Patronage was predominantly by the youth category (age 17- 40 years). The predominant pathology presented was complicated dental caries (41.1%). Traumatic injuries showed predilections for the male gender (87 males compared to 58 females). Most of the referrals were to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic (825 patients) and tooth extraction (741 adults, 147 paediatric extractions) was the major reason for referral.

Conclusion: In spite of the worldwide epidemiological report of its reducing incidence, dental caries and its sequelae are still the major reasons for patronage of dental health services in our environment and dental extraction is the mostly consumed treatment modality.
Diagnosis and clinical management of teeth with vertical root fractures: a literature review
Authors: Abiodun-Solanke I. M. , Ajayi D. M.
Published: August 2023

The diagnosis of vertical root fracture (VRF) is at times complicated for lack of specific signs, symptoms and/or radiographic features. It constitutes an important threat to the tooth’s prognosis during and after root canal therapy and may result in root or tooth extraction. Early detection and management of VRF remain a vexing issue that has caused needless stress for both the dentist and the patient. This paper presents an overview of the prevalence and multifactorial aetiology of VRF, the clinical and radiographic features of this disorder, the importance of correct diagnosis and treatment options available for both anterior and posterior teeth. An exhaustive review of literature was done using Medline to bring out various etiologic factors, clinical presentations, radiographic features and treatment alternatives available for VRF. There are, however, many specific clinical and radiological signs which when present, can alert clinicians to the existence of a fracture. Even though VRF are commoner in endodontically treated teeth, its occurrence in non-restored teeth has been described. Clinical signs and symptoms vary according to the position of the fracture, tooth type, duration after fracture, periodontal condition of the tooth and architecture of the bone adjacent to the fracture. The radiographic appearance of teeth with VRF is variable depending on the angulation of X-ray beam in relation to the plane of the fracture, the time after fracture and the degree of separation of the root fragments. It is important to recognize the sometimes subtle findings in VRF so that patient can be properly informed about the prognosis and the potential for successful treatment in affected tooth\teeth.
Natal and neonatal teeth: Literature review and report of seven cases in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Olatosi O. O. , Oredugba F. A. , Sote E. O. , Salami A. S. , Nzomiwu C. L.
Published: August 2023

Teeth that are present in newborn infants are called "natal teeth" while teeth that erupt within the first 4 weeks after birth are called "neonatal teeth". The incidence of the appearance of natal and neonatal teeth has been reported to be between one in every 1000 and one in every 6000 births. Natal teeth may be uncomfortable for a nursing mother and present a risk of aspiration and swallowing by the infant if they are loose. Also, they may cause irritation and trauma to the infant's soft tissues. Under these circumstances, these teeth need to be extracted. This paper presents 7 cases of natal and neonatal teeth. Three of the cases presented with natal molar teeth which are rare. The clinical features, complications and management are discussed.
Oral health practices and self-assessed dental status of an adult population in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Okeigbemen S.A. , Akpata O. , Omoregie F.O.
Published: August 2023

Objective: To determine the self- assessed oral health status and dental practices among an adult population in Benin City.

Method: The cross sectional convenience study involved 190 Christian religious leaders aged 24 - 73 years, comprising 155 (81.6%) males 35 (18.4%) females. Data was collected by means of self administered questionnaire which included their personal characteristics previous dental visits, oral self-care behaviour, halitosis.

Result: Twenty five percent of the pastors had experienced toothache; only 3.2% had visited a dentist within 6 months prior to the study, 7.4% in more than a year but less than 3 years and, 67.9% had never been to a dentist. Only 25.3% visited for routine checkup and 8.4% felt they had bad breath out of which 14.7% thought it affected their communication with others. However, 69.5% rated their oral health as good.Furthermore, 81.1% used toothbrush and paste, 16.3% a combination of toothbrush and chewing stick, while 51.1% cleaned their mouths once daily and 43.2% twice daily. Only 15.8% had done scaling and polishing. While 47.4% claimed to have previously received instruction on maintenance of proper oral health.

Conclusion: The findings from this study indicated a low utilization of dental services and significant need for oral health education. The role of the subjects who participated in this study stake holders in assisting to improve the health of members of the oragnisation and local community is advocated.
Multiple maxillofacial fractures in a patient undergoing orthodontic treatment: a case report
Authors: Sani O. O. , Ernest M. A. , Adeyemo W. L. , Olatosi J. , Olatosi A.
Published: August 2023

Severe maxillofacial injuries among patients receiving orthodontic treatment are very rare. When they occur, they can be life threatening with several complications which include neurologic deficits, malunion of fracture segments secondary to delay in reduction and immobilization of fracture segments and massive blood loss. Delay in treatment of such maxillofacial injuries in the presence of other life threatening injuries predisposes the patient to residual and minor malocclusion. The interdisciplinary management of injuries sustained by an orthodontic patient and the challenges associated with its management are highlighted in this report.Reduction and immobilization was carried out under general anaesthesia using an arch bar in the mandibular arch. Direct bonded brackets in the maxillary arch with additional eyelet wires were used in the management of the fractures. An acceptable reduction of bilateral parasympseal fractures was obtained with available intermaxillary fixation. There was some residual and minor malocclusion attributed to the delay in treatment and possibly the method used.A multi-disciplinary team approach for the management of maxillofacial fractures in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances is suggested. Orthodontic treatment with surgical involvement has been found to improve both facial aesthetics and occlusal function.
Oral ulcerative lesions: a review of 55 cases in Benin-City, Nigeria
Authors: Omoregie O.F. , Okoh M.
Published: August 2023

Objective: This study aims to determine the incidence, age, gender, site and treatment outcome of oral ulcerative lesions in Benin City, Nigeria.Method: This is a 3-year retrospective review of all ulcerative oral lesions seen at the Dental Centre, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. The medical records, laboratory and histopathology reports of the patients seen between April 2008 and March 2011 the study period were reviewed. All cases of oral ulcerations were selected and patients with erosive mucosa lesions were excluded from this study.Result: A total of 55 (1.3%) cases of oral ulcers were diagnosed amongst the 4092 oral lesions seen within the study period. There were 33(60.0%) males and 22 (40.0%) females, giving a ratio of 1.5:1. Most of the patients were in the 3rd decade (n=18, 32.7%). Recurrent aphthous ulcer (n=26, 47.3%) was the most frequent lesion, followed by infective ulcers (n=9, 16.4%), traumatic ulcers (n=8, 14.5%), immune mediated ulcers (n=7, 12.7%) and neoplastic (malignant) ulcers (n=5, 9.1%). Majority of the ulcers occurred in multiple oral mucosal sites (n=21, 38.1%), while the gingiva (n=10, 18.2%) was the commonest solitary oral mucosal site for the ulcers. A good treatment outcome was observed for most of the oral ulcers except for the deep mycosis and malignant oral ulcers.Conclusion: A lower incidence of oral ulcers was observed in this study compared to previous report in a black African population. The oral ulcers were commoner in adult males and the gingiva was the most frequent solitary site. The lesions were mostly those of local origin, with RAU accounting for majority of the cases studied. The treatment outcome was good for most of the oral ulcers except for the deep mycosis and malignant oral ulcers.
Gender differences in oral health attitudes and behaviour among Nigerian clinical dental students
Authors: Okoh M. , Enabulele J.
Published: August 2023

Objective: This study aims to use the modified Hiroshima University Dental Behavior Inventory (HU-DBI) to determine the differences in oral health attitudes and behaviour between male and female clinical dental students at the clinical level in University of Benin.Method: This study included 141 clinical dental students made up of 85 males and 56 females of the University of Benin. Participation was voluntary and all participants remained anonymous. Demographic information was obtained including age, gender and years of study. The duration of study was from February to May 2010.A modified English version of HU-DBI survey which consists of 22 1temswith dichotomous responses (yes-no) was used in this study.Result: Of the total 154 clinical (4th, 5th and 6th years of study) dental students, a total of 141 clinical dental students participated in the study by completing the questionnaire giving a response rate of 91.56%. The age of the students ranged from 18 to 35 years with a mean age of 25.26 + 3.5 years. Statistically significant   differences (p <0.05) were found between males and females dental students for items: 2 (I have been to a   dentist office before), 14 (I worry about having bad breath), 17 (I eat a lot of refined sugar containing snacks in-between meals) and 19 (I worry about the colour of my teeth).The total mean score between male and female dental students was significant (P< 0.05).Conclusion: The results from this study were in agreement with studies in other countries showing that there are gender differences in some aspects of oral health attitudes and behaviour, and as a matter of fact, improving professional behaviour of the dental students is needed to be improved so as to improve their oral health attitude in order to serve as a positive model for their patients, families and friends.
Preventing HIV/AIDS through education: the role of primary and secondary school teachers in Nigeria
Authors: Uti O. , Sofola O.O.
Published: August 2023

Objective: This study was aimed at assessing the knowledge, opinion and practices of Nigerian primary and secondary school teachers on HIV/AIDS education.Method: A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on demography, knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention, training on HIV transmission and prevention and teaching of students on HIV/AIDS. A composite scale for HIV knowledge was defined by pooling all scored knowledge variables based on 25 questions. Knowledge was adjudged good if 20 – 25 questions were answered correctly; fair if 13 – 19 questions were correct and poor if less than 13 were correct.Result: Using the composite scale for knowledge, less than half (48.9%) had good knowledge, 41.5% had fair knowledge while 9.6% had poor knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention. Primary school teachers were less knowledgeable than their secondary school counterparts (p = 0.000). Only 46.3% (n = 125) of the teachers reported educating their students about HIV/AIDS. Most teachers blamed the non inclusion of HIV in the school curriculum for not teaching students about HIV while others (38%) claimed the children were too young to be educated on  HIV/AIDS.Conclusion: Teachers can make a major contribution in preventing HIV transmission in Nigeria. About 90% of them had good to fair knowledge but misconceptions were noted. There is a great need for proper training of teachers to correct misconceptions so that they can impart correct knowledge to the students. Lack of inclusion of HIV/AIDS education in the curriculum calls for a serious policy change.
An assessment of cross infection control practice in Nigerian oral health care workers
Authors: Gyang M.F. , Tokede O. , Adeleke O.A. , Chukwu G.A. , Jalo P.H.
Published: August 2023

Objective: This study was aimed at assessing the cross infection control practices among dental health care practitioners in Nigeria.Method: Questionnaires were administered to 137 Dentists, 56 Dental Therapists and 62 Dental Surgery Assistants (DSAs) practicing in both government and private practices across the six geopolitical areas of the country. Each questionnaire comprised of questions on basic infection control procedures.Result: Results indicate that all the participants use gloves during treatment, 93.8% wear face mask, 48.5% wear eye protection, 95.5% clinical gown/coat. Furthermore 27.3% have had a puncture or laceration from a dental needle or instrument while only 41.4% have had Hepatitis B vaccination.Conclusion: Infection control practice by dental personnel in Nigeria has improved compared to previous studies, particularly in the use of gloves. However in the areas of sterilization, vaccination, there are needs for improvement.
Fabrication of custom made ocular prosthesis with three different impression techniques: a report of four cases
Authors: Rao Y. , Yadav P. , D'souza M. , Singh J. , Patel D.
Published: August 2023

Loss of eye has a bad effect on the psychology of the patient. Eye prosthesis is fabricated to regain the patient’s confidence by meticulous replacement of the missing eye. Immediate fitting of an anophthalmic socket with an artificial eye may not always be possible, and a delayed prosthesis delivery may result in settling and sinking of the prosthesis into the socket, therefore requiring orbital cavity conformation. It becomes a challenging task for a maxillofacial prosthodontist to fabricate a prosthesis that replicates the healthy side of the face. This article presents a short review of three functional ocular impression techniques to achieve a better fit of the prosthesis to the defect area. These techniques aim to combine cosmetic excellence with comfort for greater benefit to the patients.
Periodontal status and treatment needs of primary school teachers in the absence of formal school oral health programme
Authors: Lawal F.B. , Dosumu E.B.
Published: August 2023

Objective: Information Is sparse about the periodontal health of teachers who play important roles in prevention of oral diseases in schools, especially in developing countries where the promotion of oral health In school programmes Is still sub-optimal. The objective of the study was to evaluate the periodontal health status and periodontal treatment needs of primary school teachers In a country lacking formal school-based oral health programmes.Method: This was a descriptive survey in which intraoral examination was conducted on 407 primary school teachers. Recordings on the oral hygiene status using OHl-S, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocketing and treatment needs with CPITN and tooth mobility were obtained by a trained and calibrated examiner. Information on sociodemographic characteristics was also sought. Data were analysed using SPSS and the level of significance set atp<0.05Result: None of the teachers had healthy periodontium, 3 bled to probing. 284 had calculus accumulation and 109 had shallow pockets while 11 had deep periodontal pocketing. Majority (80.6%) of the teachers had poor oral hygiene and 43 ( 10.6%) had one or more mobile teeth. A higher proportion of rural based teachers had periodontal pockets compared to those in urban areas (38.5% vs. 26.7%, p = 0.026). Older teachers were more likely to have mobile teeth (p = 0.002). There were significant positive correlations between OHI-S, CPITN score and number of mobile teeth.Conclusion: Periodontal disease Is highly prevalent among primary school teachers In the country with calculus accumulation being the predominant feature. The periodontal treatment need of most of the teachers Is In the form of oral prophylaxis and non-surgical periodontal. treatment.
Lymphoepitheloal-like carcinoma of the submandibular gland
Authors: Adisa A.O. , Olusanya A.A. , Adeyemi B.F. , L A.O. , Kolude B. , Ogun O.O.
Published: August 2023

Lymphoepithelial-like carcinoma (LELC) of the salivary gland is uncommon, with about 80% of these occurring In the parotid gland. Its occurrence In the submandibular gland is very rare. It has a higher Incidence In Eskimos and Orientals. Apart from a report about a North-African woman with LELC of the submandibular gland, to the best of the authors' knowledge, there are no other African reports In the English literature. We therefore report the case of a 3-year painless right submandibular swelling in a female Nigerian diagnosed as LELC. The patient was managed by submandibular salivary gland surgical excision with adjuvant chemotherapy and is currently disease free.
Assessment of Maximum Mouth Opening of Public Primary and Secondary School Children in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Popoola O. , Gbolahan O.O.
Published: August 2023

Background: Excessive opening of the mouth has been reported to cause clinical problems such as luxations and traumatic injury to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The knowledge of the normal range of mouth opening will help to avoid excessive opening of the mouth which can cause injury to the TMJ of patients during procedures that involve mandibular manipulations. Maximum mouth opening (MMO) has age, race, gender and ethnic variations. Previous studies have looked at normal range of mouth opening among adults, but to the best of our knowledge, no  study has looked at this among the paediatric/children population in Nigeria. Thus, this study aimed to determine the normal maximum mouth opening (MMO) among the paediatric population in Ibadan (South Western part of Nigeria) and the effect of gender, age, height and weight of these children on their MMO.

Materials and methods: Six hundred and nine primary and secondary school pupils aged 6 – 15 years were included in this study. Patients with any condition affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function were not included. Measurements of height, weight and two readings of maximum interincisal distance were performed for each participant. Student's t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson bivariate correlation were used to assess the sample.

Results: The mean MMO was 44.0 ± 5.3 mm and 42.6 ± 5.6 mm for males and females respectively. There was no significant difference in the MMO  of males and females (t= 0.335, p = 0.563). MMO increases gradually with age irrespective of the gender and this was statistically significant (F= 17.1, p =0.001).

Conclusion: The maximum mouth opening established for the paediatric population in this study will help practitioners whose care involves the stomathognathic system to have information about the normal range of mouth opening in this group of patients. The result will also be useful asbaseline for future research.
Dental Phobia and Its Impact on the Quality of Life of a Ghanaian Adult Population
Authors: Dai-Kosi A.D. , Opoku-Ansah N.A. , Blankson P.K. , Tormeti D. , Sackeyfio J. , Acquaye V.A. , Kwamin F.
Published: August 2023

Aim: Dental phobia is a significant cause of avoidance of dental treatment, which could result in poor oral health. This study sought to determine the prevalence of dental phobia among a Ghanaian adult population and how this affects their quality of life. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey conducted among 329 patients attending the University of Ghana Dental School Clinic. Dental phobia was assessed with the Kleinknecht's Dental Fear Survey (DFS),and Quality of Life measured with the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP). Data were analyzed using Stata 14 software and MS Excel. Descriptive statistics and measures of association between DFS and OHIP were done.Results: About 46% of the study population had some level of dental phobia, with 8% having a high level of fear. More males (54.2%) were found to have experienced dental phobia than females (45.8%). Common causes of dental phobia were injection (54.7%), x-ray (24.9%), the dental clinic environment (13.4%), and the sound and feel of the handpiece (0.9%).Conclusion: Dental phobia was common among the dental clinic attendants. While further research is required in the subject area, clinicians and stakeholders should not under-estimate its prevalence and potential effects.
Post-COVID Reflections from a General Dental Practice Perspective
Authors: Ogunderu Afolabi , Ogunderu O.
Published: August 2023

OVID-19 took the world by a storm, private dental practitioners inclusive. 

This perspective paper briefly highlights the challenges faced by private dental practitioners in Nigeria while the pandemic lasted. The author highlighted the response and guidelines issued by the ministry of health and how private dental practice adjusted to the new realities.

It concluded with the recommendation that despite the end of COVID-19 as an emergency, infection control practices must still be upheld, post-COVID and at all times.
PRESENTATION AND MANAGEMENT OF DENTAL FLUOROSIS IN A RESOURCE LIMITED FACILITY.
Authors: Taiwo Olaniyi , Idowu Enoch Abiodun , Ibiyemi Olushola , Afolabi Adedapo
Published: August 2023

Background: Dental fluorosis is a developmental disturbance characterized by excess fluoride in hard tissues of the teeth. The appearance of teeth affected by dental fluorosis may negatively affect individual self-esteem and overall quality of life. Thus, the need for treatment, though there is still debate on the best treatment modalities. The objective of this study was to document the presentation and management of dental fluorosis in a resource limited facility in north central Nigeria.

Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study conducted among out-patients attending a secondary oral health care facility in Jos, north central Nigeria between June 2020 and June 2022. Sociodemographic characteristics were recorded. All patients were examined for presence of dental fluorosis. Dean’s Index was used to classify dental fluorosis. Patients with dental fluorosis who consented to the study were treated. Treatment modalities included oral prophylactic treatment, microabraision and resin infiltration. Data analysis was by the use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 A p-value of < 0.5 was taken as statistically significant.

Results: During the study period, 1201 patients presented with different oral health challenges. Among these 200 (16.7%) were diagnosed of dental fluorosis. The mean of the patients with dental fluorosis was 14.15 ± 1.91 years. Nearly half 98(49.0%) of the patients who presented with dental fluorosis were children, 65(32.5%) were teenagers and 37(18.5%) were young adults (p=0.037). Among the patients, 123 (61.5%) were females. The moderate type of dental fluorosis 75(37.5%) was the commonest type of dental fluorosis seen. Out of the 200 patients with dental fluorosis, dental caries was present among 55(37.5%) patients. 185(92.5%) requested for treatment. 231 intervention procedures were undertaken on different classes of dental fluorosis.

Conclusion: Dental fluorosis is prevalent among the dental out-patients seen at the study center during the study period. More patients presented with moderate class of dental fluorosis. Presentation was more among children and teenagers below 20 years. More female presented and requested for intervention than the males. Resin infiltration was found to be cost effective at this facility.
Oral Leukoplakia
Authors: Okoh Mercy , Ukpebor Izegboya , Nwauzor Eze Stephen
Published: August 2023

Oral leukoplakia is a potentially malignant lesion and most oral squamous cell carcinomas occur on the background of oral leukoplakia. The risk of malignant transformation increases with immunosuppressive states. Regular monitoring of patient is very important for early detection of any mucosal and dysplastic changes. This will aid early intervention and improve patient’s survival.
Tinjauan Fikih dan Dampak Ekonomi Jual-Beli Tawaruk
Authors: Muhammad Nabhani  , Syukron
Published: August 2023

Background. Many of the practices of buying and selling Tawaruk that occur in Tegalgubug require a review of fiqh and the economic impact for local communities and the perpetrators of buying and selling.Aim. This study aims to conduct a fiqh review of the practice of buying and selling Tawaruk and the economic impact.Methods. This research is a qualitative research with a literature study approach to fiqh and economic studiesResults. . The results of the practice of buying and selling Tawaruk in fiqh still contain the problem of ikhtilafiyah (forbidden, allowed, makruh) among the fuqoha, but there is a risk to usury because it is feared that the value of goods will continue to increase which is detrimental to people who owe the goods. If a fine is imposed due to late payment, it is included in usury activities. The sale and purchase of Tawaruk has a positive impact on the economic growth of local residents and buyers from outside the city.
Jual-Beli Emas Non-Tunai: Fatwa DSN-MUI, Pandangan Ulama’ Klasik dan Modern
Authors: Arifin Bustanul , Nisa Himmatun
Published: August 2023

Background. The value of gold remains one of the long-term investment oions. Meanwhile, the scholars (Fuqaha) tend to have the opposite view of gold investment.Aim. Studying the legal aspects of buying and selling gold on a non-cash basis according to the views of classical and modern Fuqaha.Methods. The study analyzed the sale and purchase of non-cash gold qualitatively with three stages of descriive methods, namely descriion, formulation and interpretation.Results. Classical scholars tend to forbid the law of buying and selling gold in non-cash based on the idea that gold is a medium of exchange. Modern scholars tend to allow the sale and purchase of gold non-cash based on the consideration that gold is currently a commodity (goods that can be traded) not a medium of exchange. Islamic law is experiencing the development of the cause of illat (the legal reason that includes the law that appears has disappeared).
Mahar Emas Dalam Pernikahan Adat Masyarakat Aceh Pidie
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad Ikhsan
Published: August 2023

Background. Mahar is part of marriage that provided by husband to their wife, in term of Aceh mahar called mayam and consist of gold. Furthermore, each mayam is around 3gram gold for some area while the other is 3,3 gram gold. Due to the price is quite expensive at Rp. 2.500.000.- until Rp. 3.000.000.- each mayam, most of adults (man) prefer to delay their plan to marry or event married another woman from different regency, because they should prepare 15 – 30 mayam gold for getting married in other cases they are more than 30 mayam gold.Aim. In order to ensure that family have the power making decision based on their status by comparing both of Islamic law and tribe that used to be law in society.Methods. This literature study supposed to give a general view of cultural marriage in Aceh. Qualitative method is consis of field research and library research. used to collecting the data by interview numerous people that have capabilities related to research topic. combined with previous study.Results. The results of this study are that married a woman from Aceh Pidie regency is a man have to give her lots of gold well-known as mayam in Aceh culture. Generally, mahar that would be given was decided by woman family even though sometimes it was made by both families.
Tradisi Masyarakat Adat Jawa Terhadap Pantangan Pernikahan Di Bulan Muharam Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Mardiantari Ani , Farida Annikmah , Dimyati Moh. , Dwilestari Ita , Nurkholis
Published: August 2023

Background. Marriage is a holy, strong, and solid agreement to live together legally between a man and a woman to form an eternal family, polite, loving, peaceful, and happy.Aim. The purpose of this study was to determine the traditions of the Javanese indigenous peoples against marriage taboos in the month of Muharram from the perspective of Islamic law.Methods. This study uses field research (Field Research), using a descriptive nature that is to provide descriptions and information about marriage taboos in the month of Muharram Islamic Law Perspective in Bandar Rejo Village, Way Pengubuan District, Central Lampung Regency. And by using an empirical approach as a framework of proof or testing to ensure a truth. The data obtained through the interview method.Results. The prohibition of getting married in the month of Muharram which occurs in the village of Bandar Rejo, Way Pengubuan District, Central Lampung Regency, in Islamic law there are no specific texts, both Al-Quran and Hadith that determine a certain day as the day when marriage is prescribed. While the taboo on marrying in the month of Muharram which causes this disaster is not justified, because the calamity is a test from Allah.
Sewa Guna Dengan Hak Opsi Dalam Prespektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Moh. Ulumuddin  , Ahmad Insya’ Ansori
Published: August 2023

Background. Operationally, finansial lease transaction focuses more on the financing aspect of the Lessor given to the lesse, where the lesse will bear all aspects of maintenance and responsibility for the goods he rents.Aim. This study aims to examine financial leases in the perspective of Islamic law.Methods. This type of research is a qualitative research with a descriptive approach that uses the literature study method as the completion methodology. With the object of research, the Leasing case is seen from the point of view of Islamic law, and how Islam answers these problems.Results. From the point of view of Islamic law, finance leasing transactions tend to be similar to the concept of ijarah or ijarah vomitiyah bi al-tamlik which is used as the basis for making the DSN MUI fatwa on shari'ah leasing. This fatwa provides an overview of the legal basis, rights and obligations of the Lessor, Lessee and other parties involved in this contract. Applicatively, as long as it does not harm either party, the financial leasing law is basically allowed.
Telааh Ekonomі Іslаm Terhаdаp Prаktіk Gаdаі Kebun dі Desа Tаnjung Rаyа Kecаmаtаn Serаwаі Kаbupаten Sіntаng
Authors: Umihani
Published: August 2023

Bаckground. Thіs reseаrch іs motіvаted by the аnаlysіs of the prаctіce of gаrden pаwnіng іn the people of Tаnjung Rаyа Vіllаge, Serаwаі Dіstrіct, Sіntаng Regency, from аn Іslаmіc economіc perspectіve.
Аіm. Thіs reseаrch аre to fіnd out the system of gаrden pаwn prаctіces аnd to fіnd out the Іslаmіc economіc vіew on the іmplementаtіon of gаrden pаwnіng cаrrіed out by the people of Tаnjung Rаyа Vіllаge, Serаwаі Dіstrіct, Sіntаng Regency.
Methods. Thіs reseаrch uses а quаlіtаtіve reseаrch type wіth а descrіptіve аpproаch, whіle the object used іn thіs reseаrch іs а gаrden thаt іs used аs collаterаl аnd the subject іs the pаwnbroker аnd the pаwnee.
Results. The results of the reseаrch thаt the іmplementаtіon system of gаrden pаwns іn generаl, pаwns come to pаwn recіpіents to borrow money to meet theіr lіvіng needs wіth gаrdens аs collаterаl. The rіght of control or utіlіzаtіon of the plаntаtіon іs іn the hаnds of the recіpіent of the pledge untіl the debt іs pаіd off. Pаyment of debt knows no tіme lіmіt аnd the contrаct ends when the pаwner pаys the debt аccordіng to the аmount of money borrowed. The vіew of Іslаmіc Economіcs on tаkіng the results or benefіts of gаrden collаterаl by the recіpіent of the mortgаge, some scholаrs аllow іt, but there must be permіssіon from the rаhіn whіch іs requіred durіng the contrаct, аnd аccordіng to the jumhur fuqаhа, the recіpіent of the pаwn should not benefіt from the pаwned goods.
Osteoartrite na Articulação temporomandibular
Authors: MARTINS ANA PAULA VARELA , DE SOUZA PATRÍCIA VITOR , SOARES AMANDA CAROLINA FLOR , GUIMARÃES DANIELLA ANDRADE , PICCOLO SAULO MACHADO , BADARO MAURICIO MALHEIROS
Published: August 2023

A osteoartrite é uma patologia articular que acomete a articulação temporomandibular (ATM), caracterizando-se pela deterioração e abrasão da cartilagem articular, com espessamento e remodelação local do osso subjacente. Dessa forma, o propósito desse estudo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura com enfoque nos fatores etiológicos da osteoartrite relacionados à ATM.  O primeiro fator é a capacidade adaptativa do indivíduo, que está associada à condição geral de saúde, que quando diminuída contribui para alteração no remodelamento da ATM, mesmo quando as tensões biomecânicas estão dentro da tolerância fisiológica normal. Doenças sistêmicas podem influenciar o metabolismo da fibrocartilagem, afetando a capacidade de adaptação da articulação e provocando distúrbios degenerativos. Os fatores mecânicos (macrotraumas; parafunção; microtraumas) causam mudanças estruturais. Nos casos de macrotraumas, na região condilar, podem causar degeneração da cartilagem articular e produção de mediadores inflamatórios e de dor. A parafunção produz compressão anormal e forças de cisalhamento capazes de iniciar o deslocamento do disco e alterações degenerativas da eminência condilar e articular. O mecanismo de sobrecarga funcional promove o colapso da lubrificação da articulação, devido a degradação do ácido hialurônico pelos radicais livres. A influência hormonal, o sexo feminino pode estar predisposto ao remodelamento disfuncional da ATM, e essa preponderância sugere um possível papel dos hormônios sexuais (estrogênio; prolactina) como moduladores dessa resposta. Assim, baseado na literatura, conclui-se que dentre os fatores etiológicos da osteoartrite, a sobrecarga mecânica é considerada a causa mais comum das alterações degenerativas que provocam mudanças estruturais e funcionais.
CÉLULAS-TRONCO DE DENTES DECÍDUOS E SUA APLICABILIDADE NA ODONTOLOGIA
Authors: Ferreira Silva Grazielle Christine , Pires Medeiros Bianca Ellen , Bretas Alvares Luiza , Moura Rodrigues Carneiro Pollyanna , Da Matta Felisberto Fernandes Maria Luiza
Published: August 2023

A polpa dos dentes decíduos apresenta-se como fonte promissora de células-tronco. Estas são similares àquelas encontradas no cordão umbilical e quando comparadas às células-tronco provenientes da medula óssea e às da polpa de dentes permanentes, apresentam uma maior taxa de proliferação, além da habilidade de se diferenciarem em células odontoblásticas funcionais, osteócitos, adipócitos e células neurais. O objetivo desse estudo é fazer uma revisão de literatura das células-tronco de dentes decíduos e sua aplicabilidade na Odontologia. Realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico dos últimos 20 anos, utilizando as bases de dados: PUBMED, SCIELO, MEDLINE, BVS, e GOOGLE ACADÊMICO, utilizando-se as palavras-chave: células-tronco, dentes decíduos, polpa dentária, e suas respectivas palavras em inglês. A literatura aborda principalmente estudos sobre a engenharia tecidual. Dentre os estudos com células tronco dentárias, cerca de cinquenta por cento da literatura diz respeito às células tronco de dentes decíduos. A maioria são estudos laboratoriais in vitro e in vivo que demonstram perspectivas clínicas promissoras como: capacidade de auto-renovação e sua diferenciação em odontoblastos, osteoblastos e cementoblastos. Concluiu-se que os estudos indicam que células tronco de dentes decíduos podem ser viáveis para terapias na regeneração óssea em doenças periodontais, traumas e anodontias, inclusive com o desenvolvimento de biodentes, apontada como uma terceira dentição.