bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Veränderungen im Informationsverhalten in der Corona-Krise und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Sichtweisen junger Menschen
Authors: Schöberl Stefanie , Kieweg Peer
Published: December 2021

Die COVID-19-Pandemie hat das Leben von Menschen auf der ganzen Welt von Grund auf verändert. Gleichzeitig trägt das Verhalten der Menschen zur Überwindung der Pandemie bei, sei es in Form der Einhaltung der Pandemieregelungen, sei es durch die Bereitschaft, sich gegen COVID-19 impfen zu lassen. Derzeit zeigt sich jedoch in Ländern wie Deutschland, die über ausreichend Impfstoff verfügen, eine gewisse Impfmüdigkeit.

Da Studien bereits gezeigt haben, dass zwischen Informationsverhalten und Impfbereitschaft ein Zusammenhang besteht, untersucht diese Arbeit anhand einer Längsschnittsstudie Veränderungen des Informationsverhaltens junger Menschen unter 35 Jahren im Verlauf der Pandemie im Jahr 2020. Besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf die Konsequenzen des Informationsverhaltens für die Zuversicht und die Impfbereitschaft in dieser Zielgruppe gelegt. Dabei zeigt sich durchaus eine Pandemiemüdigkeit unter den Befragten, die sich darin äußert, dass die Befragten am Ende des Jahres 2020 weniger Zeit damit verbringen, sich über das Virus oder die Pandemie zu informieren als noch 7 Monate zuvor. Die Daten offenbaren auch Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Informationsverhalten, dem Grad der Informiertheit und der Zuversicht, dass die Pandemie überwunden wird. Schließlich sind Personen, die sich besser informiert fühlen, eher bereit, eine Impfung zu akzeptieren, womit eine faktenbasierte, glaubhafte Information der Bevölkerung offenbar ein entscheidender Faktor der Pandemiebekämpfung ist.
Using the functional programming library for solving numerical problems on graphics accelerators with CUDA technology
Authors: Krasnov Mikhail Mikhailovich , Feodoritova Olga Borisovna
Published: December 2021

Modern graphics accelerators (GPUs) can significantly speed up the execution of numerical tasks. However, porting programs to graphics accelerators is not an easy task. Sometimes the transfer of programs to such accelerators is carried out by almost completely rewriting them (for example, when using the OpenCL technology). This raises the daunting task of maintaining two independent source codes. However, CUDA graphics accelerators, thanks to technology developed by NVIDIA, allow you to have a single source code for both conventional processors (CPUs) and CUDA. The machine code generated when compiling this single text depends on which compiler it is compiled with (the usual one, such as gcc, icc and msvc, or the compiler for CUDA, nvcc). However, in this single source code, you need to somehow tell the compiler which parts of this code to parallelize on shared memory. For the CPU, this is usually done using OpenMP and special pragmas to the compiler. For CUDA, parallelization is done in a completely different way. The use of the functional programming library developed by the authors allows you to hide the use of one or another parallelization mechanism on shared memory within the library and make the user source code completely independent of the computing device used (CPU or CUDA). This article shows how this can be done.
Comparative Investigation of Daylight Glare Probability (DGP) Comfort Classes in Clear Sky Condition
Authors:   INAHE, CONICET, Av. Ruiz Lean s/n Parque Gral. San Martín, CP 5500, Mendoza, Argentina, Monteoliva Juan Manuel , Garretón Julieta A. Yamín ,   INAHE, CONICET, Av. Ruiz Lean s/n Parque Gral. San Martín, CP 5500, Mendoza, Argentina, Pattini Andrea E. ,   INAHE, CONICET, Av. Ruiz Lean s/n Parque Gral. San Martín, CP 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
Published: December 2021

Glare is considered one of the most important variables to reach visual comfort and visual quality. It represents one of the fundamental barriers for an effective use of daylighting in buildings. One of the best performing and robust glare prediction models, relative to other available metrics, is a Daylight Glare Probability (DGP). Based on a validated and precise methodology (RADIANCE) the aim of this work is to compare the DGP model (original cut-off values) with new cut-off values that differ according to the time of day (morning, noon and afternoon). Both cut-off values were compared at more than 300 simulated conditions of daylighting in an interior space. This work offers the originality of studying recently proposed cut-off values in climate luminous with predominant clear sky conditions. Currently, the application of these new cutoff values is reduced to the field of science or simulation professionals. The results showed important differences (64.86%) between the categories proposed by both cut-off values. Nevertheless, these differences do not have a significant impact in glare prediction (< 2.7%), in terms of glare absence (DGP <0.38) and presence (DGP >0.38). This analysis made it possible: (i) to regionally apply the main current corpus criteria regarding glare issues as well as emergent proposals and (ii) to present new experimental data aimed at helping the field and, together with other works, improving the tools used by professionals on a daily basis.
Researches Concerning the Medicinal and Aromatic Herbs in the Caraşova Area
Authors: IMBREA Ilinca , NICOLIN Alma , IMBREA Florin , BUTNARIU Monica , PRODAN Monica
Published: December 2021

The area taken in the study is located in the South-West of Romania, in the northern Anina Mountains, area partial included in the National Park Semenic-Caras Gorge. The researches were conducted, for this reason, in buffer zones and the area of sustainable development where recovery is possible, and in the areas outside the park. Objectives taken into account refer to the identification of medicinal and aromatic herbs and quantitative assessment of the main medicinal species identified in the area.
The Inventory of the Species Belonging to the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj - Napoca Arboretum
Authors: VARBAN Rodica , STOIE A. , PLESA D.
Published: December 2021

The University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine campus is one of the most beautiful and recreational ones in the country due to the work of generations of students and the continuous improvement efforts. The current premises offer a harmonious and inviting landscape, satisfying both aesthetic and utility requirements.

After the inventory of the wood species of the USAMV campus, it has been ascertained that their numbers have been growing since 1986, when the last inventory was made.

The park’s appearance has changed considerably by the planting of new decorative species each year and the attempts at supplementing the different varieties of wooden plants that are studied in different courses. Also the old woody material has been replaced, therefore some of the species are no longer present here – still new ones can be found instead; thus the park in the University campus is currently a true live laboratory that provides a fortunate addition to the theoretical knowledge accumulated at the Botany, Dendrology and Arboriculture courses.
The Pedological Cover from Production Unit IV Geoagiu and Its Influence upon the Productivity of the Forest Station
Authors: BARBURA Marinela , PACURAR Ioan
Published: December 2021

Of geographical point Production Unit IV Geoagiu is situated in the Trascau Montain, on the eastern slope of their.

The forest from P .U. Geoagiu have a surface of 2059 ha, belonging to 27 types of forest, represented by 23 types of station, grouped on the 3 fitoclimatical levels. The pedological cover is represented by luvosol (47%) with humus type mull-moder, frequently being met oak (Quercus petrea), and the mixtures thereof, the have medium fertility for oak (Quercus petrea) forest, eutricambosol (22%) with a medium to high fertility for beech (Fagus sylvaticus) forest found this soil, preluvosol (16%) with an acid reaction, humus moderate, litosol rendzinic (9%) and rendzine (6%), with a lover fertility for forest vegetation due to small edaphic volume.

Analyzing the productivity of the main forest type we can conclude that: in The Montain Pre Montain Level of beech (FM1+FD4) which represents 24% of the surface, The Hills of oak, beech and oak-beech (FD3) which represents 68% of the surface, the hills of rolling and sleauri of hill (8%).
Amino Acids Determination in Meat by GC-MS
Authors: BARA Levente , POP Codrean , HORJ Elena , IORDACHE Andreea , LASLO Cornel , CULEA Monica
Published: December 2021

An isotopic dilution gas chromatography - mass spectrometric (ID-GC/MS) techniques was used for amino acids determination in sausage meat. The stable isotope internal standard used was 15N-Methionine. A Trace DSQ ThermoFinnigan quadrupole mass spectrometer coupled with a Trace GC was used. Amino acids were separated on a Rtx-5MS capillary column, 30 m x 0.25 mm, 0.25µm film thickness, using a temperature program from 50oC, 1 min, 6oC/min at 100oC, 4oC/min at 200oC, 20oC/min at 300oC, (3min). The transfer line temperature was 250oC, the injector temperature 200oC and ion source temperature 250oC; splitter: 10:1. Electron energy was 70eV and emission current, 100µA.

The amino acids were purified on a Dowex 50W-W8 exchange resin and were derivatized in a procedure following two steps to obtain trifluoroacetyl butyl esters. The identification of amino acids was obtained by using NIST library but also by using amino acid standards. Concentrations of amino acids was determined by using matrix calculation for methionine quantitation
Researches Concerning the Impact of Food Consumption, for the Human Health
Authors: FITIU Avram
Published: December 2021

Intervening after several years flustered by numerous food crisis (ESB, dioxins, listeria) and an intense debate on OGM, it reveals at the same time a crumbling of the traditional food models across the development of the consumption of easy products to be used anywhere (such as pizzas, soda or juice of fruit) and a strong request on behalf of the consumers in information, in control by authorities and in scientific research in the domains of food security and nutrition.

The general perception of food risks is accompanied by a feeling of loss of the traditional food landmarks. The mutation of food practices, notably the cohabitation in the population of often different food habits and sometimes compared, contributes to the questionings of each and explains the strong reactivity of the consumers and public opinion in numerous food crises. Particularly, very strong difference of consumption and food behaviors between generations can only provoke doubts among the oldest on the permanence of a traditional and reassuring food model. In the inquiry, the idea most often linked to the general perception of food risks is the feeling of deterioration of the quality of the food products for last ten years.

This overview of food risks explains that, beyond punctual food crisis, nutritional risks are more named spontaneously among «major risks linked to feeding». So, in their perception of food risks, the consumers grant a very big place at nutritional risks and particularly at obesity and at diseases of society (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes). Doubts of the consumers in food security (risks of physicochemical or microbiological pollution) appear more as the symptoms of a deep confusion of reports in feeding, on the occasion of which the perception of nutritional and health risks is intimately linked.
Studies Regarding the Heavy Metal and Cadmium Content in Pressed Cheeses
Authors: TIBULCA Dorin , TIBULCA Aurora , JIMBOREAN Mirela , SALAGEAN Dan
Published: December 2021

The investigation was intended to determine the contents of heavy metals (mercury, lead, copper, zinc, selenium, cadmium) and arsenic in 3 sorts of pressed cheese (Dalia, Rucăr, Penteleu) manufactured in five milk processing units.
Revegetation of Fly Ash Sites by Using Municipal Sludge
Authors: MÂŞU Smaranda , MORARIU Florica , PRICOP Anca Diana
Published: December 2021

Fossil coal combustion in power plants is a principal energy sources in World but our residues can be considered as a waste. Disposal residues as landfills are under environmental regulations and laws. It is desirable the revegetate these sites to stabilize surface fly ash against water and wind erosion and for aesthetic landscape. Vegetation to disposal sites of fly ash resulting from coal combustion is possible in a short time by fertilization with municipal sludge its own or mixed with indigenous volcanic tuff, with clinoptilolite. Synergistic effect of municipal sludge (biosolids) with volcanic tuff determines vegetation cover up to 60-65% and reduces the bioavailability of toxic metals in soil. Treatment with biosolids and biosolids with volcanic tuff reduces the bioavailability of Cr. and Pb. and up to 50% Ni. Cu bioaccumulation is reduced with 11.6 -22.8%.
MICOTOXINE'S STATUS IN VEGETAL FOOD- CONSEQUENCE OF THEIR PRESENCE IN GRAINS
Authors: Dragomir Felicia , Popa Angela , Popa A.
Published: December 2021

The contamination of food with micotoxines is the result of a secondary metabolic activity of different species of moulds from the Aspergillus and Penicillium types [4]. Science the stable and persistent molecules are very toxic for humans and animals, the micotoxins are being studied more and more. In our country, the alimentary products that are based on cereals, have an important place in daily diet a reason for witch we have proposed to investigate the degree of contamination with micotoxines at these products. We have used for this the imunoenzimatic Elisa method for the following micotoxines total aflatoxina OTA, DON, ZEA.
RESEARCHES REGARDING THE ACCEPTABILITY GRADE OF THE CONSUMERS OF CLUJ NAPOCA ABOUT THE CONSUMPTION OF TRADITIONAL PRODUCTS
Authors: Fitiu Avram
Published: December 2021

The study aimed the cognition of the acceptability grade of Cluj Napocas inhabitants over the traditional alimentary products.Most of the people, which have knowlidge about the certified traditional product existency on the market have academic studies, the lack of information veeing found at people without studies or with moderate studies thus beeing necessary the adopting of a stimulating education stategy in the way of improoving their cognition level on this field. We can say that, at the level of Cluj Napoca, however it exists a high level of culture and wide acces to information sources, the level of knowlidge reffering to traditional products is relativly low, beeing observed at the same time a lack of interest in this field, as from the consumer part like from the resoponsables of the product certificators found in various regions.
Development of Software for Soil Compaction Assessment
Authors: MOLNAR Adrian , DROCAS Ioan , RANTA Ovidiu , STANILA Sorin
Published: December 2021

In today modern agriculture are required specific computer applications for the monitoring of agricultural field status. This paper analyses the possibilities to develop user-friendly software for soil compaction assessment, which uses input data related to soil properties, in field agricultural traffic specific conditions and other parameters, in order to get the most accurate solutions for soil compaction spatial management. Within paper are mentioned the main requirements for proper structural design of the developed software, the main input parameters are defined and the main structure of the developed software is described. The designed software will be a useful tool for soil compaction management on long term, not only on farm scale but also on national scale.
Researches on the Main Characteristics of Red Clover Seedlings and their Influence in
Authors: GREBENIȘAN Marioara , PAMFIL Doru , DOMOKOS Dorottya Alice
Published: December 2021

Concerning the red clover breeding, it is essential to choose as genitors those varieties that possess good characteristics. In order to identify potential genitors, two red clover varieties were studied at Cluj-Napoca:Â Roxana, diploid variety and Napoca-tetra, tetraploid variety. The analyzed traits comprised the number of capitula/plant, number of seeds/capitulum and the binding process, under the aspect of their contribution to the seed crop and the interaction between those components, in order to provide important clues about di-and tetraploid red clover seed production, for plant breeding. The highest variability (s%=30) presented regarding the number of flowers/capitulum, diploid variety comparatively with a lower variability (s%=26) regarding the number of flowers number/capitulum, tetraploid varieties. Several traits were compared between di-and tetraploid red clover varieties in order to find genitors which can be used for creating new genotypes with high seed production level.
Comparative Analysis of Distribution Uniformity on Plain and Inclined Fluted Rollers
Authors: CRIÈ˜AN Valentin Dan , ROÈ˜ Victor
Published: December 2021

The paper evaluates the uniformity of distribution of two fluted rollers used for sowing small seeds. One of the rollers has the grooves paralel with the cylinder generatrix and the other one has the grooves inclined toward the cylinder generatrix. The other design parameters like diameter, number of grooves, volume and width are identical. The research aims to highlight the influence of groove orientation on distribution uniformity. To evaluate the distribution Deval.mcd method was used, which was developed by the author.
NIR Spectroscopy: A Non-destructive Method for PUFAs Determination of Forage
Authors: HARMANESCU Monica
Published: December 2021

The objective of this study was to develop a non-destructive and rapid method for polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) content of forage from grassland using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). To accomplish this desiderate it was harvested forages in June from ten experimental trials of a permanent grassland situated in the southÂ - west part of Romania, in Banat County, fertilized organic (fermented sheep manure), mineral and organicÂ - mineral. On the permanent grassland the mineral fertilizers were applied yearly since 2003 and the organic fertilizer at each two years. For multivariate analysis to perform the NIR model was used a supervised technique, partial least squares (PLS) regression. The NIRS model was characterized by the following parameters: RÂ 2 = 0.9888, RMSEC = 222.5, RMSEP = 215.7. The differences between the chemical results and those predicted recommend like promising the NIRS method for PUFAs contents prediction of forages from permanent grassland in studied conditions.
Systems Used in Precision Agriculture
Authors: MARIAN Ovidiu , DROCAS Ioan , RANTA Ovidiu , MOLNAR Adrian , Mircea Mircea
Published: December 2021

Precision agriculture aims to exercise more control over a production system by recognizing variability and land management areas differently depending on a number of economic and environmental objectives.[1] The main objectives of the Culture Zonal Management system are: optimize production efficiency; optimizing quality of agricultural production; minimizing environmental impact of agriculture; minimize risks. To achieve objectives, precision agriculture uses several monitoring and control systems, of which one can remember: GIS (Geographical Information System) and GPS systems (Global Positioning System)
The Influence of Tillage System on Production and Quality of Soybean Yield In
Authors: IGNEA Mircea , CHEÅ¢AN Felicia , DEAC Valeria , ȘIMON Alina
Published: December 2021

Between classical or conventional farming system (with plowing, seedbed processing, sowing) and conservative farming system (no tillage), the soil is minimal intervention, there are plenty of tillage methods, specific to certain conditions work, equipment machinery or tradition. Experiment designed and conducted to ARDS Turda, includes two ways to work the soil, a classic or conventional (with plowing, land preparation and planting) along with a minimum work ("minimum tillage") in a rotation of three years, the wheat-soybean -maize experimental variants include technological measures that contribute to plant vegetation control in the experiment, namely: fertilization and treatments. ONIX was cultivated soybean variety (created in ARDS Turda), which although not a very new variety, has a good reputation in terms of production. On the other hand it is necessary to show that applying a pure soy conservative system led to some very poor results, both soybeans and corn, and even winter rape, need more or less loose soil. In the experiment conducted at ARDS Turda conditions, soybean yields obtained in the five years undoubtedly depend experimental farm in a year by up to 70%, other factors and the percentage remained divided. Production increase because of exceptional 2010 made up to 35%. We can say that soybean genotypes have a good behavior even in the harshest climate conditions of experimental years. ONIX variety performed very well both in the classical and at the lower works, productions made of over 2500 kg / ha. Harvest quality is closely linked to external inputs and values of oil, protein and fibers are similar values in the two tillage systems.
Research Regarding the Morphological Characteristics of Calendula Officinalis Local
Authors: ZEPA CORADINI Cristina ZEPA , TABÄ‚RÄ‚ Valeriu , PETANEC Doru , MICU Lavinia , PETRESCU Irina , CORADINI Renato , ZEPA BEJAN Roxana
Published: December 2021

Marigolds have an important economic value which let to an increase production and cultivation being thus used in a wide range of fields. One of the basic elements regarding marigolds production is represented by anthodia with flowers and seeds determined by the blossom and the number of anthodium on the plant. The plantâ€™s blossom is determined by the nÂ umber of lingulate flowers from the external side of the anthodium where seeds grow.Â Calendula is a polymorphic species, forming during its evolution not only flowering, but also semi-flowering anthodia and simple flowers. In the experimental field of UASVM Timisoara we performed a series of research regarding the morphological features of six local population of marigold from the western part of the country. Flowersâ€™ blooming proved to have a different evolution due to the influence manifested by the local population and also by the harvest results. This blooming phenomenon proved to highly influence the production elements. Blooming influence upon anthodia mass of seeds proved to be as similar as in case of anthodia with flowers. At the beginning of the harvest period, the anthodia mass of seeds proved to be maxim. According to the information collected during research, anthodia flowering fails to reestablish during harvest. The flowering process influences the number and the size of the seeds. Moreover, flowers blooming process may lead to the formation of homogenous seeds, not only in size, but also as regards their morphological aspect. The seeds from the flowering anthodia proved to be homogenous in comparison with other anthodia and had even better technological qualities.
The Foliar and Ear Diseases Dynamic in Autumn Wheat at the ARDS Turda During
Authors: SUCIU Loredana , ȘOPTEREAN Laura , NAGY Elena , HAȘ Ioan , PUIA Carmen
Published: December 2021

The wheat crop is considered the crop with the largest cultivated area in the world. In our country, the area cultivated with wheat, represents about 40% of the area cultivated with cereals. Autumn wheat crops are affected by many diseases that cause significant quantitative and qualitative damages. The production losses varies from year to year, due to weather conditions, applied technology, the sources of inoculum and the cultivated variety. From the foliar and ear diseases encountered in the culture of wheat, powdery mildew (Â Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici fc. OidiummonilioidesÂ Â ), brown staining (Septoria tritici fc. Leptosphaeria tritici ) rust (Puccinia spp.) and fusariosis (Â Gibberella spp fc. Fusarium graminearum) occurs with high intensity, especially in the years with high precipitation. In this paper is presented the dynamics of the main wheat diseases in the climatic conditions of the years 2005 - 2011, the ARDS Turda. The experiments were located by random block method in three repetitions. The biological material was represented by four wheat varieties created at ARDS Turda. The observation were made once a week from the end of April - early May until the end of July. The observation were made to 20 plants of each variety. It was noted: the number of siblings, number the leaves, leaf length, leaf width, the attack degree on the plant, specifying at each notation the phenological stage. Following observation in the experimental conditions from ARDS Turda, the frequent diseases were: powdery mildew, brown staining and fusariosa.
The Experimentation of the TC 5050 New Holland Combine Harvester in Sunflower
Authors: PAHONI Corneliu
Published: December 2021

The work presents the results of laboratory experiments and field studies in sunflower crop harvesting with the New Holland TC 5050 combine harvester. The combineâ€™s harvesting performance was monitored on the level and slope field by determining the work quality indexes and the energetic and operating indexes of the combine studied. When driving on sloping land on the valley -hill direction, grain losses have exceeded the maximum allowable limit, reaching values over 6,5%. When movement was along level curves, the grain loss had registered values close to maximum allowed limit (3%), being therefore the recommended method. Fuel consumption has increased considerably when driving on sloping land compared with driving on the level field. In order to achieve a quality harvesting work, combine harvesters should be adjusted and operated in accordance with land condition and with the agrobiological characteristics of the crops.
The New Competitive Soybean Varieties Created at Agricultural Research and
Authors: MUREȘANU Eugen , MÄ‚RGINEAN Raluca
Published: December 2021

The superiority of the next-generation of soybean varieties regarding the majority of the main characteristics among the old soybean varieties created at A.R.D.S. Turda, Romanian soybean varieties from the Official Catalogue of varieties of Agricultural and Vegetables species in Romania and even from the foreign soybean varieties registered in the Catalogue it is obvious. The new soybean varieties Darina TD, Cristina TD and Malina TD are the most recent creations of Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda in the field of soybean breeding. The new cultivars were obtained through individually repeted selection of hybrid population accomplished by crossing the cultivars T93- 8966 x Amurskaja, Zefir x Lena and Amurskaja x Simson. The new varieties are characterized by a growing season adequate to the ecological conditions of the area. Their growing season rank is appropriate with the needs of the area, with a maturity group OO, Darina TD, Cristina TD and Malina TD growing season is 122 days, 124 days and 123 days, respectively. Darina TD has a reddish pubescence easily distinguieshed from the eather soybean varieties whose pubescence is grey. At Cristina TD soybean variety the hilum colour is an important characteristic by which, at maturity, the Cristina TD variety may be distinguished from the rest of A.R.D.S. Turda soybean varieties whose hilum are brown, black and grey. Due to the white colour of flowers, during flowering Malina TD is easily distinguished from the others soybean varietie. A high yield potential as compared to the maturity group to which they belong, very high resistance to lodging, shattering, bacterial blight and mildew. This characteristics and features corroborated with high insertion of the basal pods, ensures suitable conditions for mechanized harvesting. Besides this features, the new soybean varieties have remarkable qualitative traits, high protein and oil content. The characteristics and features of the soybean cultivars Darina TD, Cristina TD and Malina TD created at A..R..D.S. Turda recommend them as the most adequate cultivars for the Transylvania Plain.
Varietes of Spring Barley for Beer Obtained at Agricultural Research and
Authors: RUSSU Florin , HAȘ Ioan , MUNTEANU Maria
Published: December 2021

Barley breeding laboratory from ARDS Turda created many varieties of spring barley in two rows with superior brewing qualities of which the best quality are grown on large areas. Of varieties obtained from ARDS Turda: DacÂ iana, Capriana, Jubileu and RomaniÅ£a, the last two are high quality and productive. They maintained their superior qualities during several years of experimentation in different localities. These two varieties are genetically stable in terms of varietal purity correspond to the current rules EU. Spring barley varietes with two rows Daciana and RomaniÅ£a have a high ecological plasticity and can be grown on different areas which can range in climate and soil. These two varietes have superior qualities than older local and foreign varietes, with a very good rezistance to fallen, feature very important to malting barley. This phenomenon is important because greatly depreciates the grain quality and reduce production. Characteristics of barley for beer: varieties containing less than 12.5% protein; varieties with high starch content 60%; varieties with greater than 95% germination energy. Daciana and RomaniÅ£a are superior varietes for brewing and have a low percentage of protein between 10,9-12%. Percentage of starch is high an is between 61-62,3% of dry weight and have a high production potential.
Grazing Management in the Canary Island: A sustainable Use?
Authors: AREVALO José Ramón , FERNáNDEZ-LUGO Silvia , DE NASCIMENTO Lea , BERMEJO Luis Alberto
Published: December 2021

The positive relationship between livestock management and biodiversity conservation is not clear in oceanic islands. In the sensitive islandâ€™s ecosystems, introduced herbivores have been considered to cause devastating effects on vegetation, and be responsible for overgrazing, ecosystem degradation, and biodiversity loss. Eradication of introduced herbivores has been proposed as a conservation tool in some islands. However, this proposal needs to be carefully considered, since there are complex and established ecological interactions between native and introduced species.We will discuss the livestock management for biodiversity conservation, with special attention on the Canary Islands (Spain) base on previous studies. Much of the research is restricted in area, however, consistent results will help us to understand the answer of the environment to grazing impact on these islands.
Assessment of Urban Pollution with PAHsâ€™ by Snow Analysis
Authors: ALHAFEZ Livia , MUNTEAN Edward , MUNTEAN MUNTEAN
Published: December 2021

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of environmentally persistent organic pollutants with various structures and varied toxicity. As the urban snowpack can act as a collector device for atmospheric-deposited PAHs, the objectives of this study were to establish the PAH distribution and to identify their sources based on PAH profile and isomer ratios. The determined PAHs included naphtalene, acenaphtene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a) pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene. Snow samples were collected from three areas located in Cluj Napoca, Romania (Manastur area, city center and Marasti area) during the winter period 2011-2012; meltwater samples were extracted with hexane using liquid-liquid extraction, being then analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography, with an Agilent 1100 system with fluorescence detection, separations being accomplished on an Envirosep PP column in a total run time less than 30 minutes. The obtained results revealed relative high levels pyrene, chrysene and benzo(b)fluoranthene, which are associated with combustion processes in Manastur area, while in Marasti area the major PAHs concentrations (fluorene, phenanthrene and chrysene) are related with traffic.
Environment Protection by Using a Solar Thermo-Electric Refrigerator for Cooling
Authors: CRISTEA Alexandru , MARE Roxana
Published: December 2021

The food eaten by people in their daily life must be preserved in good conditions. Therefore and for a better environment protection, the classical refrigeration systems that use a refrigerant had been removed and a solar thermo-electric cooler based on alternative energy sources was adopted. The solar energy was used in order to produce electrical energy, while the thermo-electric energy was responsible for the thermal transfer between the cooling room and the TEC modules, significantly reducing the temperature of the cold room and food products, respectively. The operation of the solar refrigerator was observed during the time of cooling one kilogram of pork meat and one litre of milk. In the case of cooling meat, the minimum temperature achieved was 1.8 ÂºC, respective 0.2 ÂºC when refrigerating milk. Considering the food refrigeration rated optimum temperature (0-4 ÂºC), the analysis of the experimental results highlighted the possibility of preserving meat and liquids in proper conditions by using a solar thermo-electric refrigerator, which is an ecological equipment with the pollution rate extremely low, almost null.
The Indicators of the Soils and Their Importance upon the Entomologic Fauna in the
Authors: ANTONIE Iuliana , PAVEL Petronela , TÄ‚NASE Maria , SAND Camelia
Published: December 2021

The concept of quality of the soil takes within its content the entire range of the necessary factors for the development of the plants. This proves that the soil represents a complex in an everlasting interpenetration. In this respect there exists the interest and the obligation as well of offering the soil favorable conditions in order to give it properties that can afford, as a feed-back to assure the social and economical development of the community. The observations and the collecting of samples were done during March - April 2012. There were analyzed the physical indicators as the granulometry and the chemical indicators: pH, the content of nutritive elements (pH, N, K,) and the organic carbon and humus. Among the biologic indicators the attention was focused to the agricultural entomologic fauna, the diversity of species and the vigor of plants. There was emphasized the content of heavy metals in Axente Sever-Copșa MicÄƒ area, knowing that these have serious implications upon the vegetation, animals and humans. The object of our research is the corn culture because this represents the main field culture in Romania, with surfaces all over the country, including the Sibiu County. In the corn field in Axente Sever - Copșa MicÄƒ there were identified 2 species of pest with a significant economical importance:Â Tanymecus dilaticollis (corn weevil) andÂ Locusta migratoria , species that cause great damages in production and even compromising the culture. The obtained results from the chemical and agricultural chemical analysis make the object of the present work.
Testing Correlation between Alternaria solani Sorauer Attack on Potato
Authors: IEDERAN Cristian , OROIAN Ioan Gh. , BRASOVEAN Ioan , MÄ‚LINAȘ Cristian , SUCIU Loredana
Published: December 2021

Abstract.Â Â The present study aims to emphasize the relationship between Alternaria solani Sorauer attack degree on potato, and abiotic factors temperature and rainfall, in Transylvania, using the correlation approach, during 2009 - 2011. The experiment was carried on ten experimental fields, of one ha each, located in households located in villages from all counties of Transylvania: RÄƒhÄƒu, Alba; Maieru, BistriÅƒa-NÄƒsÄƒud; Draguș, Brașov; Cojocna, Cluj; Ilieni, Covasna; Merești, Harghita; VÄƒlișoara, Hunedoara; Grebenișul de Campie, Mureș; RomÃ¢nași, SÄƒlaj; Arpașul de Jos, Sibiu. The temperature, rainfall, andÂ Alternaria solani Sorauer attack degree were monitored during April - September. Roclas potato variety was used. The data were statistically processed using STATISTICA v. 7.0 programme. A non linear dependence between thermic and rainfall regimens andÂ Alternaria solaniÂ Â Sorauer, attack degree in potato was recorded, and in for this reason, in order to determine the correlations we used the non parametric test of Spearman. Between the attack degree ofÂ Alternaria solaniÂ Â Sorauer in potato and temperature in 2009 the correlation was positive and strong R = 0.847, in 2010, also positive and strong R = 0.846, while in 2011, it was positive and moderate R = 0.589. Between alternariosis attack degree in potato and rainfall regimen in 2009 and 2010, moderate correlations, of R = 0.657, and R = 0.642, respectively, were reported. In 2011, the correlation coefficient was strong and positive, R = 0.892. According to the regression lines, the correlations betweenÂ Alternaria solani Sorauer emphasize the biggest influence of rainfall (AD% = 2.61 + 3.02 x Pp, mm) upon the attack degree, compared to temperature (AD% = 12.97 + 0.24 x tÂ 0C).
The Air Microelemental Pollution and Trees Health Status. A Case Study: Quantification of Air Pollution with Pb, Using Trees as Bioindicators
Authors: OROIAN Ioan Gheorghe , VIMAN Oana , MIHAIESCU Tania , ODAGIU Antonia , PAULETTE Laura
Published: December 2021

The identification of the urban areas where bigger air pollutants generally, and metallic pollutants, particularly, concentrations compared to limit allowed maximum concentration are recorded are important in elaboration and implementation of the plans and programmes of air quality management, but also for permanent updating of these and their alignment to the continuous realit y changes. In this context, we emphasize the importance of using the tree planted in urban areas, as bioindicators for identification of air pollution with heavy metalsÂ  ( Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, etc. ) , their tendency to accumulate in vegetal material, leaves, and/or needles, respectively, being well known. In majority of cases, the heavy metals environmental air pollution leads to lesions of the vegetal tissue of the trees, mainly in leaves. The research aims to identify the lead pollution by using, as bioindicators, the trees planted in neighbourhood of the stations of air quality monitoring in Cluj - Napoca town. The research objectives consist in identification of the trees as possible biomonitoring agents and quantification of lead accumulation in trees leaves, with the aim of identification the areas where the lead concentration in leaves is superior to the limit lead maximum allowed concentration. The study was developed in Cluj - Napoca, and samples were harvested from trees located in areas from neighbourhood of the air quality monitoring stations respectively: CLU-1Â  ( Aurel Vlaicu St. ) , CLU-2Â  ( Centre - area from neighbourhood of Nicolae Balcescu College ) , CLU-3Â  ( 1 Decembrie 1918 Boulevard) , and CLU-4Â  ( area around Expo Transilvania ) .
Seed Germination as Assessment for â€œex situâ€ Conservation of Diplotaxis sp
Authors: LAZAR Simona Laura , PAMFIL Doru , LUNG Mihai Lucian
Published: December 2021

The effective seed storage methods provide a unique opportunity to preserve large amount of germplasm. Evaluation of the physiological status of the seeds before and after the storage is required for better selection of the methods and lots of seeds for conservation. To evaluate the status of the seeds, 26 accessions of different species were evaluated in two consecutive years. Four replicates of 50 seeds of each population were induced to germinate in 2010 and three replicates of 50 sees in 2011. A 2 Ã— 2x2 factorial experiment investigated the interactive effects of accession, culture medium and year at a temperature >20OC. The germination and the Germination Velocity Index were evaluated. The results showed that there was no loss of viability before and after storage but some of the accessions had germination percentage under 50%. This happened mainly to the seeds gathered from the wild and to one commercial variety in 2010. In 2011 all accessions showed good germination with better results on agar than on filter paper.Â  Seeds of Diplotaxis sp possess orthodox storage behavior and therefore they are suited for ex situ conservation in seed banks.
Study Regarding the Factors Influencing the Dynamics of Solid Waste in the Steelmaking Process
Authors: ILUÅ¢IU â€“ VARVARA Dana Adriana , PICÄ‚ Elena Maria , BRá‚NDUȘAN Liviu
Published: December 2021

Knowing the factors that determine the dynamics of solid waste generation is very important because it provides clues about possible alternatives to reduce the quantities of generated waste. The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that affect t he dynamics of solid wastes generation in the steelmaking process in electric arc furnaces. Fig. 1 presents the main factors influencing the dynamics of solid waste generation during steelmaking in electric arc furnaces. The annual steel production is the factor that has the greatest influence on the dynamics of solid waste from steelmaking in electric arc furnaces. If the annual production of steel is higher, the quantities of solid waste generated will be higher.
Water Quality in Cluj-Napoca
Authors: Odagiu Antonia , Oroian Ioan Gheorghe , MIHAIESCU Tania , BORDEA Daniela , PAULIUC Sinziana
Published: December 2021

The research in the field of potable water quality is characterized by a series of parameters, which define water content from both physical and chemical point of views. They are mainly represented by: pH, conductivity and turbidimetry The aim of this paper was the monitoring of the potable water quality in Cluj - Napoca municipality, by characterizing the following quality indicators: pH, conductivity and turbidity. The study was realized during two experimental years, 2011, and 2012, and consisted from weekly prelevation of potable water from six points located in main districts of Cluj - NapocaÂ  ( the same in each experimental year ) : Zorilor, MÄƒrÄƒști, Grigorescu, Gheorgheni, MÄƒnÄƒștur, and city centre, and quantification of the pH, conductivity and turbidity in Laboratory of Environmental and Plant Protection of USAMV Cluj -Napoca.. The methods were potentiometry, conductometry, and nefelometry. The results are presented as yearly averages.
Research Regarding the Sensorial Profile Characterization on Lamb Meat
Authors: CRÄ‚CIUN (MURARIU) Otilia Cristina , MURARIU Florin , BOI ȘTEANU Paul Corneliu
Published: December 2021

The main goal of this study was to evaluate the consumer expectations generated by the knowledge of food type provided to animals, to determine their effect on the hedonistic evaluation of Karakul breed lamb. Mean sensorial characteristics of different types of lamb were evaluated by a panel of trained tasters, who showed a clear perception of various meats gentleness, belonging to the same commercial category, produced by young sheep fed with milk (MM)/milk and concentrate (MC)/milk and forage (MF).Meat provided from lambs fed with milk and grass was considered tougher, more difficult to chew and more fibrous than that derived from MM and MC lambs. Productive system has also influenced some aspects of the aromatic profile of lamb meat, due to diversified food. The young sheep produced a meat flavour characterized more persistent than the other two groups of lambs. However, MM lamb led to a greater perception of taste metallic/blood, that the other two groups. We consider that is very important to introduce the criteria of production system to obtaining lamb meat on the labels, because it can generate positive consumer expectations and perceptions on quality improvement before tasting meat.
Aspects of Thermoplastic Extrusion in Food Processing
Authors: MUNTEAN Mircea Valentin , DROCAS Ioan , MARIAN Ovidiu , BARBIERU Victor , RANTA Ovidiu
Published: December 2021

The extrusion screw process is used in food and agricultural industries to make a variety of products and combines a several unit operations including mixing, cooking, kneading, shearing, sheaping and forming. The process can be used to make different types of products like cereal-based products, sugar-based products and protein-based products.Â Â Â Â
Trichoderma Reesei Cellulase Produced by Submerged Versus Solid State Fermentations
Authors: NEAGU Diana , DESTAIN Jacqueline , THONART Phillipe , SOCACIU Carmen
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to produce and characterize a cellulase-rich fraction using submerged or solid state fermentation of Trichoderma reesei (QM 1914) strain. The carbon sources were the wheat bran or sawdust, the production yield of this enzyme production was higher in both fermentation types using sawdust substrate, and especially by solid state fermentation, after five days of fermentation. The optimum pH and temperature for the efficient crude enzyme production was established to be 5 and 60Â°C, respectively, but lost 50% of its activity after 30 minutes, when heated at 60Â°C. Comparatively with other fungi, the efficiency of Trichoderma sp. to synthesize cellulase rich extract was higher.Â
Effects of Different Carbon Sources on Pectinase Production by Penicillium oxalicum
Authors: NEAGU Diana , DESTAIN Jacqueline , THONART Phillipe , SOCACIU Carmen
Published: December 2021

Currently, obtaining enzymatic preparations with low production costs is the ultimate challenge for researchers worldwide. This study compares the productivity of pectinolytic enzymes using Penicillium oxalicum strain in submerged and solid state fermentation. Agro-industrial residues used as carbon sources were beet pulp, wheat bran and rapeseed cake. Enzyme production was higher in both fermentation types using wheat bran. Comparing the two types of fermentation, it was observed that enzyme activity is higher in solid state fermentation. The maximal activity was reached after seven days by solid state fermentation. Pectinase activity decreased progressively after 96 days, in solid state fermentation when was used beet pulp and rapeseed cake. Optimum pH and temperature for the crude enzyme activity was obtained by wheat bran in solid state fermentation at 5 and 60Â°C, respectively. The crude enzyme lost 50% of its activity after 40 minutes, when was heated at 60Â°C.Â
Quantitative Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides Residues in Raw Milk Used for Scalded Paste Cheese Production
Authors: Å¢IBULCÄ‚ Dorin , JIMBOREAN Mirela , SÄ‚LÄ‚GEAN Claudiu
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study was to determine the level of organochlorine pesticides residues in raw milk samples collected from five units of cheese production. The determined organochlorine pesticides were Î±-HCH, Î²-HCH and Î³-HCH (Lindan).Â
Kinetics of Convective Drying and Quality of Pears Cultivars Conference, Lucas, Abate
Authors: VELEȘCU Ionuț , DOBRE Vasile , Å¢ENU Ioan
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The objective of this study is the kinetics process of drying of the pears cv. Conference, cv. Abate and cv. Lucas with a laboratory dryer, in order to identify at which level of humidity the maximum speed of evaporation is achieved and at which level of temperature and humidity pears slices begin to change (colour and shape) and to determine which one of the three tested varieties offers the best properties for drying, which will ensure that the final product is technologically and organoleptically the most acceptable. Drying parameters were the same for all three varieties: 2 hours at air temperature 90oC, 2 hours at air temperature 80oC, 2 hours at air temperature 70 C and 2 hours at air temperature 60o C.Â  The results showed that the sample of the cv. Conference has undergone the least oxidation process, rounded edges and shriveled slices, and samples of the cv Lucas showed the worst results. Following the drying process of all three varieties, it can be concluded that the cultivars Abate and Conference achieved the lower evaporation speed, unlike the cv. Lucas. The cultivars Conference and Abate have attained consistent drying and in this way the technological process was finished with a smaller temperature, resulting in a better quality of the final product. o