bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Chlorpyrifos Induced Chronic Nephrotoxicity
Authors: Aung Sanda , Talib A. Norlelawati , Abdullah Nor Zamzila , Zainone Zamzuria Mat
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION: Chlorpyrifos is one of the most commonly used organophosphates in agriculture. Report on animal models of chronically exposed chlorpyrifos showed significant histo-structural renal damage. Moreover, evidence of high incidence of diabetes mellitus were observed among agricultural workers exposed to organophosphates. Available evidence linking derangement of glucose metabolism pathway with renal damage in this chronically exposed chlorpyrifos is lacking. The aim of this study was to determine the involvement of advanced glycation end-products formation in the development of nephrotoxicity in animals with chronic subcutaneous exposure to chlorpyrifos. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen rats were divided into three groups, with six rats in each group. Group 1 served as a control group, while Groups 2 and 3 received subcutaneous 3% dimethyl sulfoxide and 97% volume per volume soy oil as a vehicle or chlorpyrifos, respectively, alternate day for 180 days. Blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis. Kidney tissues were examined for immunohistochemistry and gene expression of pathways related to oxidative stress and advanced glycation end-products. RESULTS: Serum fasting glucose, creatinine, advanced glycation end-products and malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased (p<0.05), whereas paraoxonase-1 level was decreased in chlorpyrifos-treated rats compared with the control groups (p<0.05). The proximal tubular cells and the glomeruli of chlorpyrifos-exposed kidney showed strong malondialdehyde and advanced glycation end-products expression respectively. Gene expression of catalase and glutathione reductase were downregulated in the chlorpyrifos-treated rats. CONCLUSION: Glucose derangement and oxidative stress are the possible mechanisms of organophosphate-induced kidney damage.
Exploring Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Case-Based Learning (CBL) in Stimulating Cognitive Skills among Medical Students: Analysis of Verbal Interaction
Authors: Khoiriyah Umatul , Wijaya Diani Puspa
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION: Problem based learning (PBL) has many benefits; however, research on PBL indicates that students are not quite good at integrating knowledge in basic sciences and clinical aspects. Case-based learning (CBL) might be an alternative method to enhance the integration of this knowledge. No research explored the way these two methods stimulate cognitive skills. This study aimed to explore the differences between PBL and CBL in stimulating cognitive skill by analyzing verbal interaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive research was performed at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia (FM UII). Twenty-one undergraduate students contributed voluntarily to this study. The students were then split up randomly into a PBL Group (n=10) and a CBL group (n=11). Each group performed twice discussion meetings facilitated by an experienced tutor. The discussion processes were video recorded and analyzed using a coding scheme categorizing the verbal interaction into five types: cumulative reasoning, exploratory questioning, procedural interaction, handling conflict about knowledge, off-task/ irrelevant interactions. RESULTS: Students in both PBL and CBL groups spent most of their time-sharing cumulative reasoning and then asking exploratory question. Students in the PBL group were more frequently asking exploratory questions. Students in both groups rarely handled conflict about knowledge since it was a high order thinking skill. Students in the CBL group were more frequent than the PBL group in performing procedural interaction. CONCLUSIONS: Students performed various cognitive skills in both PBL and CBL. Each method has its own strengths in stimulating reasoning skills of students.
Effects of Time Delay in Processing Common Clinical Biochemical Parameters in an Accredited Laboratory
Authors: Julia Omar  , Wan Azman Wan Norlina , Tan Say Koon  , Abdul Wahab Nor Aziantie , Samantha Xin-Yuin  , Law Xi Ling  , Chew Hsiao Junn  , Husin Azlan , Hans Van Rostenberghe  , Abdullah Mohamed Rusli
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION: Analyte stability time is challenging to employ in clinical settings. The diversity of processing time may affect the accuracy of results. This study evaluates the maximum time delay permissible before sample centrifugation and analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 15 serum electrolytes in 40 samples centrifuged and analysed using an automated analyser. The time was divided into 1, 2, 6, and 24 hours. RESULTS: Most analytes studied remained stable for up to 24 hours before centrifugation. However, delayed processing affected the value of potassium, magnesium, LDH, and calcium after 2 hours up to a maximum of 6 hours at room temperature for total protein, phosphate, and sodium. CONCLUSIONS: Most analytes were unaffected by a delay in centrifugation at room temperatures, but several critical analytes were severely affected.
Detection of FMS-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 (FLT3) and Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) Mutations from Marrow Tissues in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: Hamdan Asmah Hanim , Mansoor Mohammad Naeem , Muhammad Naznin , A. Taliba Norlelawati , Ismail Rusmawati , Ibrahim Ismail , Abd Aziz Karimah Hanim
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION: Acute myeloid leukaemia is a haematological malignancy with diverse cytogenetic abnormalities and molecular mutations. Amongst the important mutations are FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) and nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) gene mutations. These mutations have been shown to be of prognostic significance. A cross-sectional study to examine the frequency of these mutations and their association with the haematological and cytogenetic characteristics of the cases was carried out in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 43 cases were included in the study. Polymerase chain reaction-based assays were employed for mutation detection from the retrieved trephine biopsy tissue blocks. Mutation positivity was subsequently validated by Sanger DNA sequencing. RESULTS:  Six of the 43 cases (14.0%) of the acute myeloid leukaemia were positive for FLT3-type internal tandem duplications (FLT3-ITD) and a similar proportion (6/43, 14.0%) were positive for NPM1 mutations. FLT3 mutations at codon D835 (FLT3-D835) mutation was identified in three of the cases (7.0%) while concurrent mutations of NPM1 and FLT3-ITD were seen in two of the mutation-positive cases (4.7%). The total white cell count was found to be significantly higher in patients with FLT3 mutations (p=0.001).  Other haematological parameters and the cytogenetic results did not reveal any significant association with the mutational status. CONCLUSION: The frequency of FLT3-ITD, FLT3-D835, and  NPM1 mutations among AML patients were 14%, 7%, and 14% respectively. Follow-up studies to include the clinical parameters and the treatment outcomes are advocated.
Obstetric Outcomes of Obese Primigravida with Spontaneous Onset of Labour at Term
Authors: Syed Mohd Ridzuan Sharifah Nurul Inas , Ismail Hamizah , Abd Aziz Karimah Hanim , Abu Ishak Nurkhairulnisa , Apparau Aruku Naidu , Abu Bakar Jumaida
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION: Obesity has reached pandemic level with higher prevalence among women. Obese pregnant women have higher risk of comorbidities, maternal and fetal complications. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vaginal delivery and pregnancy outcomes of obese primigravida presented with spontaneous labour at term. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Perak involving 250 obese primigravida (BMI ≥27.5kg/m2) and 250 non-obese primigravida. Data collected from August 2020 till January 2021 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent T-test and Mann-Whitney U test by SPSS version 23.0. RESULTS: Our study found that there were no significant differences in the proportion of vaginal delivery and caesarean delivery between obese and non-obese primigravida [72.0% vs. 78% (vaginal delivery) and 28% vs. 22% (caesarean delivery)] with spontaneous onset of labour at term. No difference in complications of labour such as PPH and OASIS (p=0.187), with high successful delivery without complications. Obese women presented with cervical dilatation of 4cm had longer delivery interval [5.82(2.97) vs. 4.75(2.71), p=0.013] but shorter delivery interval at 6cm [2.41(1.58) vs. 3.61(1.78), p=0.026] compared to non-obese. They also had higher caesarean rate indicated for abnormal labour progress [28(71.8) vs. 11(28.2), p=0.019] and higher comorbidities [149(72.3) vs. 57(27.7), p=<0.001]. There was no difference in the fetal outcome (p=0.311). CONCLUSION: After careful selection, obese women with spontaneous labour at term are safe for vaginal delivery as they have similar risk of labour augmentation, duration of active labour, caesarean delivery, PPH and OASIS despite higher comorbidities.
Analysis and stiffeners' design of a steel bridge girder
Authors: Yaman Tuğçe Sevil
Published: October 2022

Plate girders are designed to carry massive loads over large spans. Flanges resist moment and web resists shear forces. Shear strength of steel girders having slender webs is much less than the yielding shear capacity. It is mainly due to the buckling of the web prior to reaching the yield strength of the material. Webs are generally reinforced with transverse stiffeners to increase their buckling strength. Stiffened webs resist shear also after buckling, which is called as post buckling strength. Tension field theories explain the formation of the post buckling strength and predict the stiffened web’s ultimate shear strength. Most design code provisions are set on tension field theories. There exists plenty of tension field theories proposed until today. This paper covers the design shear strength check and design flexural strength check and the stiffeners’ design of a steel girder specimen which was designed intentionally to fail in shear buckling. Analysis and stiffeners’ design were performed according to the provisions for load and resistance factor design (LRFD) in the ANSI/American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) 360-16 - Specification for Structural Steel Buildings.
Status of benthic cover in Carbin Reef, Sagay Marine Reserve, Western Visayas, the Philippines
Authors: David-Lagutin Dina S. , Demoos Rolindo B. , Cabahug Alfonso T. Jr. , Uy Roswyn Hailey , Toledo Donna Fe V. , Albarico Frank Paolo Jay B. , Dolorosa Roger G.
Published: October 2022

This study determined the status of Carbin Reef benthic cover, Sagay Marine Reserve, Negros Occidental. The underwater benthic assessment was conducted on March 2019 by laying eight 50-meter transect lines at the depths of 6 meters (crest) and 12 meters (slope). Photo-quadrat method was used in obtaining still benthic images for every 1-m across eight 50-meter transect lines. A total of 400 still images were acquired and analyzed using Coral Point Count with Excel Extension (CPCe). The sedimentation rate was also determined by deploying sediment collectors. Results showed that Carbin Reef is characterized by 26.09% live coral cover and 43.25% abiotic structure such as rocks, sand, and coral rubbles. Fifty-five (55) coral species belonging to thirty-three (33) genera were identified, dominated by Porites, Fungia, and Goniastrea. Throughout the area, Porites lobata was the most dominant coral species. The overall hard coral cover seemed to have decreased since 2014. Further analysis showed the prevalence of bleached corals and diseases such as white syndrome, and white band disease. Similarly, two signs of compromised health including sediment damage and competition overgrowth were also present. The sedimentation rate per day was below the maximum tolerable levels by most corals during dry season. Overall, this study presents the first extensive study of coral diversity in Carbin Reef–characterized by a moderately diverse area and considered as a moderately stressed habitat.
Growth parameters of the invasive blue swimming crab Portunus segnis (Forskål, 1775) (Crustacea) in the North-Eastern Mediterranean, Türkiye
Authors: Yeşilyurt İrem Nur , Türeli Canan , Gündoğdu Sedat
Published: October 2022

The blue swimming crab, Portunus segnis, is a Lessepsian and the most abundant and economically significant crab species on the Mediterranean Sea coast of Türkiye. However, there are a few studies on the growth of P. segnis in Türkiye. Our objective is to determine the allometry, and growth parameters of P. segnis in Iskenderun Bay, the Northeastern Mediterranean. Blue swimming crabs were sampled using a bottom trawl net from July 2014 to June 2015. Totally 320 specimens were caught. The carapace width (CW) varied from 38.1 to 163.17 mm (mean: 109.88±27.56 mm) and the total weight (TW) was measured at a minimum of 3.46 and a maximum of 324.36 g. The width (CW)- weight (TW) relationships of the crabs were estimated as log(TW)=2.9028CW-9.0664 (R2=0.7452) for the females and log(TW)=2.9773CW-9.3842 (R2=0.8433) for the males. The carapace width-weight relationships of both sexes indicated that the growth pattern is allometric (p<0.05). The von Bertalanffy growth parameters were computed as CW∞=166.00 mm, K=1.2 year-1, t0=-1.62 years, C=0, WP=0.20, and Φ´=4.519 for all crabs. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters of P. segnis were determined on the coasts of Türkiye, for the first time.
Trichodinid ectoparasites (Ciliophora: Peritrichida) from gills of some marine fishes of Sinop Coasts of the Black Sea, with the first report of Trichodina rectuncinata
Authors: Öztürk Türkay , Güven Arzu
Published: October 2022

Four species of marine fishes, turbot Scophthalmus maeoticus, common sole Solea solea, shore rockling Gaidropsarus mediterraneus, and rusty blenny Parablennius sanguinolentus from Sinop coasts of the Black Sea were examined for ectoparasitic trichodinids. A total of four trichodinid species, Trichodina rectuncinata, T. ovonucleata, T. jadranica, and T. domerguei were described using the silver nitrate impregnation technique and morphologically studied. All morphometric data and photomicrographs of these trichodinids were presented along with details of their host preferences, prevalence and intensity of infestation. This study is the first report on the trichodinid ectoparasites on Scophthalmus maeoticus, Solea solea, Gaidropsarus mediterraneus, and Parablennius sanguinolentus in Türkiye. Moreover Trichodina rectuncinata is as a new record for Turkish fish parasite fauna.
The recent capture of Bregmaceros nectabanus (Bregmacerotidae) from purse-seine fishery in Izmir Bay, NE Aegean Sea
Authors: Akyol Okan
Published: October 2022

On 25 March 2022, two specimens of Bregmaceros nectabanus were captured by a commercial purse-seiner for targeting sardine and anchovy off Kırdeniz, Izmir Bay at a depth of 30 m. The total length of these specimens was between 53 and 63 mm. Thus, the record number has reached at least 37 specimens in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. This paper presents the third confirmed record of B. nectabanus from Izmir Bay (Northeastern Aegean Sea). Though the sporadic occurrences of this species in Izmir Bay do not indicate an established population for the time being, it signs that it's getting abundant.
Implementasi Formative Assessment berbasis Literasi Sains sebagai Mitigasi Learning Loss Mahasiswa
Authors: Agustina Degi Alrinda
Published: October 2022

Penerapan pembelajaran jarak jauh yang dilakukan secara mendadak berpotensi menyebabkan mahasiswa mengalami penurunan kemampuan belajar (learning loss) dan sulit mendapatkan pekerjaan yang layak di masa depan karena kompetensi yang kurang. Salah satu kompetensi mahasiswa yang penting untuk masa depan mereka adalah adalah literasi sains. Literasi sains adalah keterampilan untuk memahami konsep, menulis, melisankan, serta mengaplikasikan pengetahuan sains untuk memecahkan masalah-masalah sains yang terjadi didalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan formative assessment untuk meningkatkan literasi sains mahasiswa sebagai salah satu upaya mitigasi learning loss. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan menerapkan formative assessment dengan metode pemberian feedback, self assessment dan peer assessment. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan formative assessment dapat meningkatkan literasi sains mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi referensi dan best practice yang dapat diterapkan dalam pembelajaran di perguruan tinggi sebagai upaya mitigasi learning loss pada mahasiswa pada masa pandemi.
a Projected Motion Sebagai Media Pembelajaran IPA SD Materi Pentingnya Upaya Pelestarian SDA di Lingkungan
Authors: Iis Yanawati Alfina Bakti Pertiwi
Published: October 2022

The continued existence of conventional learning in elementary school science subjects has left 4th graders without fully understanding the concept of science and of underinterest in student study. Therefore it takes the right media to use the development of technology to give us an understanding of the concept of science. One approach is by using surgical motion media. The purpose of this learning media development is for students to learn in accordance with the cognitive development stage, so that students can understand the science concept, matter of the importance of preserving natural resources (SDA) in the environment in video form. The method of development used in this development is the 4d method, consisting of the defining, design, development, and dissemination stages. Using this learning medium can be a relevant solution for teachers to communicate the science learning material for fourth graders.

Keyword: Project Motion, Learning Material, Natural Sciences, Elemantary School
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Media Mobile Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Kolaborasi Matematika Siswa Kelas IV SD
Authors: Wati Marda
Published: October 2022

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kemampuan kolaborasi matematika antara siswa yang mengikuti model pembelajaran problem-based learning berbantuan media mobile learning dengan model pembelajaran discovery learning berbantuan media visual. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian quasy ekperimental design type nonequivalent control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Kelurahan Lembang-lembang yang terdiri dari 5 sekolah dengan jumlah keseluruhan siswa adalah 137 dan sampel penelitian adalah siswa kelas IV SDN 010 Palece dan SDN 008 Camba-camba, berjumlah 58 orang dengan teknik pengambilan sampel cluster random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi ditinjau dari indikator kemampuan kolanborasi yang dianalisis secara deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis Uji Paired-Sampel T-Test, diperoleh nilai Sig 0,001 < 0,05. Karena nilai signifikan lebih kecil dari pada 0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan ada perbedaan kemampuan kolaborasi matematika siswa kelas IV SD antara siswa yang diajar model pembelajaran problem-based learning berbantuan media mobile learning dengan model pembelajaran discovery learning berbantuan media visual
Les lipides bactériens dans la douleur viscérale intestinale
Authors: Petitfils C. , Cenac N.
Published: October 2022

Les mécanismes sous-jacents de la douleur viscérale sont encore mal compris. Le microbiote intestinal a été identifié comme étant un acteur majeur de ces processus ; cependant, les études précliniques et cliniques n’ont pas identifié d’espèces bactériennes associées à ces phénomènes. Les lipides bactériens, peu étudiés précédemment, représentent de nouvelles molécules importantes dans la communication hôte–microbiote, et leur étude permettrait une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes impliqués dans la douleur viscérale.
Minimally invasive procedures for hypothalamic hamartoma–related epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Iranmehr Arad , Dabbagh Ohadi Mohammad Amin , Chavoshi Mohammadreza , Jahanbakhshi Amin , Slavin Konstantin V.
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVE

Hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) is a rare, nonmalignant, heterotopic developmental malformation that consists of a mixture of normal neurons and glial cells. Resection of HHs has been associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Therefore, minimally invasive ablation methods could be the best treatment option for HH. The most frequently used minimally invasive options for HH ablation are radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT), laser ablation (LA), and stereotactic radiosurgery.

METHODS

To investigate three minimally invasive procedures in the treatment of refractory seizures related to HH, the authors conducted a systematic search in March 2022 in the MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Seizure freedom was the primary outcome of interest. The authors defined seizure freedom as Engel class I or International League Against Epilepsy class 1 or 2 or as the reported term “seizure freedom.” The secondary outcome was long-term complications reported in studies. Both random- and fixed-effects models were used to calculate the pooled proportion of seizure freedom and complication rate with 95% confidence intervals. A modified version of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal to assess the risk of bias was used.

RESULTS

The authors included 15 studies with 422 patients (RFT, n = 190; LA, n = 171; and Gamma Knife Radiosurgery [GKRS], n = 61). Generally, the mean incidences of overall seizure freedom after minimally invasive procedures were 77% (95% CI 0.74–0.81) and 68% (95% CI 0.57–0.79) using fixed- and random-effects models, respectively. The mean incidence of overall seizure freedom after RFT was 69% (95% CI 0.63–0.75), and the mean incidences of overall seizure freedom after LA and GKRS were 87% (95% CI 0.82–0.92) and 44% (95% CI 0.32–0.57), respectively. The total complication rate with minimally invasive procedures was 13% (95% CI 0.01–0.26). The complication rate in each treatment was as follows: 5% (95% CI 0.0–0.12) for RFT, 20% (95% CI 0.0–0.47) for LA, and 22% (95% CI 0–0.65) for GKRS. Meta-regression analysis showed an association between older age and higher complication rates in the LA group.

CONCLUSIONS

In this meta-analysis, LA showed superiority in seizure freedom over the other two methods. The complication rate associated with RFT was less than those in the other two methods; however, this difference was not statistically significant.
Comparison of outcomes after stereoelectroencephalography and subdural grid monitoring in pediatric tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Larrew Thomas , Skoch Jesse , Ihnen S. Katie Z. , Arya Ravindra , Holland Katherine D. , Tenney Jeffrey R. , Horn Paul S. , Leach James L. , Krueger Darcy A. , Greiner Hansel M. , Mangano Francesco T.
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVE

Patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) epilepsy present with unique clinical challenges such as early seizure onset and high rates of intractability and multifocality. Although there are numerous studies about the safety and efficacy of stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG), this topic has not been studied in TSC patients who have distinct epilepsy profiles. The authors investigated subdural grid (SDG) and SEEG monitoring to determine whether these procedures lead to similar seizure and safety outcomes and to identify features unique to this pediatric population.

METHODS

TSC patients who underwent SDG or SEEG placement and a second epilepsy surgery during the period from 2007 to 2021 were included in this single-center retrospective cohort analysis. Various patient, hospitalization, and epilepsy characteristics were collected.

RESULTS

A total of 50 TSC patients were included in this study: 30 were included in the SDG cohort and 20 in the SEEG cohort. Baseline weekly seizure count did not significantly differ between the 2 groups (p = 0.412). The SEEG group had a greater mean baseline number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) (3.0 vs 2.0, p = 0.003), higher rate of previous surgical interventions (25% vs 0%, p = 0.007), and larger proportion of patients who underwent bilateral monitoring (50% vs 13.3%, p = 0.005). Despite this, there was no significant difference in seizure freedom between the SDG and SEEG cohorts. The mean reduction in seizure count was 84.9% and 47.8% of patients were seizure free at last follow-up (mean 79.4 months). SEEG trended toward being a safer procedure than SDG monitoring, with a shorter mean ICU stay (0.7 days vs 3.9 days, p < 0.001), lower blood transfusion rate (0% vs 13.3%, p = 0.140), and lower surgical complication rate (0% vs 10%, p = 0.265).

CONCLUSIONS

In the comparison of the SDG and SEEG cohorts, the SEEG group included patients who appeared to receive more aggressive management and have a higher rate of multifocality, more prior surgical interventions, more AEDs at baseline, and a higher rate of bilateral invasive monitoring. Despite this, the SEEG cohort had similar seizure outcomes and a trend toward increased safety. Based on these findings, SEEG appears to allow for monitoring of a wider breadth of TSC patients given its minimally invasive nature and its relative simplicity for monitoring numerous regions of the brain.
Racial and socioeconomic disparities in the advanced treatment of medically intractable pediatric epilepsy
Authors: Kandregula Sandeep , Terrell Danielle , Beyl Robbie , Freelin Anne , Guthikonda Bharat , Notarianni Christina , Toms Jamie
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVE

Racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare have gained significant importance since the Institute of Medicine published its report on disparities in healthcare. There is a lack of evidence on how race and ethnicity affect access to advanced treatment of pediatric medically intractable epilepsy. In this context, the authors analyzed the latest Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID) for racial/ethnic disparities in access to surgical treatment of epilepsy.

METHODS

The authors queried the KID for the years 2016 and 2019 for the diagnosis of medically intractable epilepsy.

RESULTS

A total of 29,292 patients were included in the sample. Of these patients, 8.9% (n = 2610) underwent surgical treatment/invasive monitoring. The mean ages in the surgical treatment and nonsurgical treatment groups were 11.73 years (SD 5.75 years) and 9.5 years (SD 6.16 years), respectively. The most common insurance in the surgical group was private/commercial (55.9%) and Medicaid in the nonsurgical group (47.7%) (p < 0.001). White patients accounted for the most common population in both groups, followed by Hispanic patients. African American patients made up 7.9% in the surgical treatment group compared with 12.9% in the nonsurgical group. African American (41.1%) and Hispanic (29.9%) patients had higher rates of emergency department (ED) utilization compared with the White population (24.6%). After adjusting for all covariates, the odds of surgical treatment increased with increasing age (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.053–1.067; p < 0.001). African American race (OR 0.513, 95% CI 0.443–0.605; p < 0.001), Hispanic ethnicity (OR 0.681, 95% CI 0.612–0.758; p < 0.001), and other races (OR 0.789, 95% CI 0.689–0.903; p = 0.006) had lower surgical treatment odds compared with the White population. Medicaid/Medicare was associated with lower surgical treatment odds than private/commercial insurance (OR 0.603, 0.554–0.657; p < 0.001). Interaction analysis revealed that African American (OR 0.708, 95% CI 0.569–0.880; p = 0.001) and Hispanic (OR 0.671, 95% CI 0.556–0.809; p < 0.001) populations with private insurance had lower surgical treatment odds than White populations with private insurance. Similarly, African American patients, Hispanic patients, and patients of other races with nonprivate insurance also had lower surgical treatment odds than their White counterparts after adjusting for all other covariates.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the KID, African American and Hispanic populations had lower surgical treatment rates than their White counterparts, with higher utilization of the ED for pediatric medically intractable epilepsy.
Responsive neurostimulation in pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy
Authors: Falls Nicole , Arango Jorge I. , Adelson P. David
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVE

Medically refractory epilepsy remains a therapeutic challenge when resective surgery is not a practical option and indirect neurostimulation efficacy may be limited. In these instances responsive neurostimulation (RNS) has been used in adults, with good outcomes in most patients. However, the utility of RNS in children and young adults has not been systematically explored. In this study, the authors present a single institution’s experience with RNS in pediatric patients.

METHODS

A single-center retrospective chart review of patients who underwent RNS implantation at Phoenix Children’s Hospital during the 4-year period between January 2018 and December 2021 was performed.

RESULTS

Following evaluation for epilepsy surgery, 22 patients underwent RNS implantation using different anatomical targets depending on the predetermined epileptic focus/network. In the cohort, 59% of patients were male, the mean age at implantation was 16.4 years (range 6–22 years), and the mean follow-up time was 2.7 years (range 1.0–4.3 years). All patients had a preoperative noninvasive evaluation that included MRI, video-electroencephalography, and resting-state functional MRI. Additionally, 13 patients underwent invasive monitoring with stereo-electroencephalography to help determine RNS targets. All patients had variable positive responses with reduction of seizure frequency and/or intensity. Overall, seizure frequency reduction of > 50% was seen in the majority (86%) of patients. There were two complications: one patient experienced transitory weakness and one generator failed, requiring replacement. A patient died of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy 3 years after implantation despite being seizure free during the previous year.

CONCLUSIONS

RNS used in children with medically refractory epilepsy improved seizure control after implantation, with decreases in seizure frequency > 50% from preoperative baseline in the majority of patients. Preliminary findings indicate that functional MRI and stereo-electroencephalography were helpful for RNS targeting and that RNS can be used safely even in young children.
Preoperative MRI for postoperative seizure prediction: a radiomics study of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor and a systematic review
Authors: Wang Jun , Luo Xinyi , Chen Chenghan , Deng Jiahong , Long Hao , Yang Kaijun , Qi Songtao
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVE

In this systematic review the authors aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and superiority of radiomics in detecting tiny epilepsy lesions and to conduct original research in the use of radiomics for preliminary prediction of postoperative seizures in patients with dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET).

METHODS

The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched from the earliest record, January 1, 2018, to December 29, 2021, for reports of the detection of epilepsy using radiomics, and the resulting articles were carefully checked according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The authors then conducted original research by evaluating MR images in 18 patients, who were then separated into two groups, the epilepsy recurrence group (ERG) and the epilepsy nonrecurrence group. The tumor region and the edema region were segmented manually by 3D Slicer. The radiomics data were extracted from MR images by using “Slicer Radiomics” running on Mac OS X. Tumor regions were observed with T1-weighted imaging, and edema with FLAIR imaging. Radiomics features with significant differences were selected through comparison according to epilepsy relapses performed with the Mann-Whitney U-test. The edema and tumor regions were also compared within groups to identify their distinctive features. Radiomics features were tested to verify their ability to predict recurrence epilepsy by receiver operating characteristic curve.

RESULTS

This systematic review located 9 original articles related to epilepsy and radiomics published from 2018 to 2021. The reported studies demonstrated that radiomics is useful for detecting tiny epilepsy lesions. Among the radiomics features used, the predictive ability of the area under the curve was more than 0.8. The heterogeneity of the peritumoral edema region was found to be higher in the ERG.

CONCLUSIONS

Satellite lesions in the peritumoral edema region of DNET patients may cause epilepsy recurrence, and radiomics is an emerging method to detect and evaluate these epilepsy-associated lesions.
Subdural electrodes versus stereoelectroencephalography for pediatric epileptogenic zone localization: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Remick Madison , Akwayena Emefa , Harford Emily , Chilukuri Akanksha , White Gretchen E. , Abel Taylor J.
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to compare the relative safety and effectiveness of invasive monitoring with subdural electrodes (SDEs) and stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) in pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.

METHODS

A retrospective cohort study was performed in 176 patients who underwent invasive monitoring evaluations at UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh between January 2000 and September 2021. To examine differences between SDE and sEEG groups, independent-samples t-tests for continuous variables and Pearson chi-square tests for categorical variables were performed. A p value < 0.1 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS

There were 134 patients (76%) in the SDE group and 42 (24%) in the sEEG group. There was a difference in the proportion with complications (17.9% in the SDE group vs 7.1% in the sEEG group, p = 0.09) and resection (75.4% SDE vs 21.4% sEEG, p < 0.01) between SDE and sEEG patients. However, there was no observable difference in the rates of postresection seizure freedom at 1-year clinical follow-up (60.2% SDE vs 75.0% sEEG, p = 0.55).

CONCLUSIONS

These findings reveal a difference in rates of surgical complications and resection between SDEs and sEEG. Larger prospective, multi-institutional pediatric comparative effectiveness studies may further explore these associations.
Hybrid Learning Aided Technology-Rich Instructional Tools - A Case Study: Community College of Qatar
Authors: Shehab Muhammad Jamal , Alokla Mosa , Alkhateeb Mais , Alokla Mohammad
Published: October 2022

Educational Institutions have an essential role in promoting the teaching and learning process, within universities, colleges, and communities. Due to the recent coronavirus COVID 19 pandemic, many educational institutions adopted hybrid learning (HL), which is a combination of classic and online learning. It integrates the advantages of both, and it is a fundamental factor to ensure continued learning. Technological innovations such as HL are changing the teaching process, and how students, lecturers, and administrators interact. Based on this, the Community College of Qatar (CCQ) focused on researching the structures and elements related to the adoption of HL. Thus, the goal of this research paper is to reveal the impact of HL on the learning process in CCQ, and the effective instructional technology (INST) tools required for a successful HL program. Our research questions for the survey were designed to measure the opinions of the students, instructors, and administrators about the HL program. It is observed from the results that the majority of students, instructors, and administrators showed a positive attitude toward HL, but some had negative views and experienced challenges. The results were analyzed and discussed to better utilize HL to meet the growing demands of the community.
A Review of Scientific Papers on the (Tele) Work of Postgraduate Professors
Authors: Luiza Leite Ana , Barreto Moraes Mario Cesar
Published: October 2022

Before the implementation of compulsory remote work due to the Covid-19 pandemic, postgraduate professors already exercised telework in their homes, informally. Thus, the objective is to analyze the scientific production of telework or work of postgraduate professors. A systematic review of articles in the SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Scielo databases and of theses and dissertations in the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations was carried out. We sought to classify the research found by themes and identify the content of the results that researchers found. There was a significant amount of work on the evaluation of postgraduate studies or professors, in search of improvements. Problems were noted in the professor's work in relation to the lack of training for teaching, university environment with few resources, complex activities and in a quantity that extrapolates the time of service, evaluation by results that causes negative consequences in the performance of activities as in the personal life of the professor. Telework was found in different contexts, such as ubiquitous work and the digital age, distance education, pleasure and suffering at work, and as a dimension that addresses teaching work. Since professors have already experimented with teleworking and compulsory remote work, they are subject to the positivities and negativities that it can cause, which may or may not facilitate the improvement of the problems pointed out. The research contributes to the human resources management area, by seeking to understand how professors-researchers have used this modality outside universities and potential research gaps, such as identification of control of professors’ telework since it is subjective and complex; more precise identification of the profile of professors who telework and what type; how teleworking affects the issues raised by research on professors' work; and, how was the experience of compulsory remote work during the pandemic.
Analisis Pencahayaan Alami Rumah Tinggal Menggunakan Simulasi Dialux
Authors: Jannah Mawar Zahratun
Published: October 2022

Pencahayaan alami merupakan pencahayaan yang bersumber dari cahaya matahari, dan merupakan faktor yang sangat memberikan pengaruh terhadap karya arsitektural. Pencahayaan alami bagi penggunan bangunan akan dapat memberikan kenyamanan visual, sehingga memberikan kemudahan dalam menjalankan pekerjaan yang dilakukan. Pencahayaan alami pada suatu hunian harus disesuaikan dengan standar pencahayaan yang berlaku yang telah diatur dalam Standar Nasionan Indonesia (SNI) 03-6197-2000. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat kesesuaian pencahayaan alami dalam rumah tinggal dengan standar yang berlaku. Objek penelitian yang digunakan merupakan suatu rumah tinggal di daerah Gedebage Bandung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, dengan perolehan data melalui pengamatan secara langsung dan disimulasikan menggunakan aplikasi DiaLux. Data pengukuran kemudian dibandingkan dengan standar pencahayaan yang diatur dalam SNI. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa pencahayaan alami pada ruangan-ruangan rumah di lokasi penelitian banyak yang melebihi standar dari SNI, dan ada pula beberapa ruangan yang belum memenuhi standar. Penilitian ini memiliki kesimpulan, bahwa hampir seluruh ruangan pada rumah tinggal ini memiliki pencahayaan alami yang tidak sesuai dengan standar SNI. Oleh karena itu, ruangan-ruangan dapat dinyatakan memerlukan penyesuaian.
Kata-kunci: pencahayaan alami, rumah tinggal, kenyamanan visual
Implementasi Sistem Struktur Soko Guru pada Masjid Berkubah Beton
Authors: Kusyanto Mohhamad , Sofyan Afriyanto , Koesmartadi Cristophorus
Published: October 2022

Pengembangan masjid sebagai tempat ibadah untuk menampung jamaah yang lebih banyak dan mengikuti perkembangan teknologi mendasari masyarakat membangun masjid berkubah yang megah dengan konstruksi beton. Struktur soko guru dipertahankan untuk menopang beban kubah beton masjid. Keterbatasan pendanaan dan pengetahuan memunculkan permasalahan dalam implementasi sistem struktur soko guru yang digunakan dalam bangunan masjid. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran pengetahuan implementasi sistem struktur soko guru dalam kaitannya dengan sistem struktur lain pada masjid berkubah beton. Metode penelitian dengan kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus pada salah satu masjid berkubah beton. Metode pengumpulan data dengan survei dan wawancara kepada panitia pembangunan.  Analisis sistem struktur meliputi kolom, balok (balok induk dan balok anak), joint kolom-balok, dan balok kubah pada masjid. Analisis perbandingan dimensi balok dan kolom dengan menggunakan panduan rumus kaidah praktis serta dikuatkan dengan analisis momen dan cek desain struktur dengan menggunakan software ETABS versi 9.6.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya implementasi sistem struktur soko guru penopang kubah yang dapat menimbulkan beban tekuk (buckling) tanpa perkuatan balok terhadap kolom. Balok kantilever yang menopang balok kubah tanpa pengaku/bracing rentan terhadap retak dan patah pada sistem struktur tersebut. Kombinasi sistem struktur balok kantilever dan soko guru secara keseluruhan lebih aman sistem strukturnya.
Evaluasi Infrastruktur Hijau Pengendali Banjir berdasarkan Preferensi Stakeholder di Kelurahan Sempaja Selatan
Authors: Rachmawati Safitri Diah Putri , Jordan Nadia Almira
Published: October 2022

Kelurahan Sempaja Selatan termasuk daerah rawan banjir karena sistem resapan air pada wilayah utara mengalami hambatan akibat perubahan fungsi lahan, seperti pembebasan lahan untuk permukiman di daerah yang tidak sesuai peruntukkannya. Upaya pemerintah Kota Samarinda dalam penanggulangan banjir di tahun 2019 adalah perbaikan drainase, pembangunan drainase sub sistem, dan pembangunan kolam retensi sebagai solusi berkurangnya area resapan air. Berdasarkan kondisi eksisting di tahun 2021, kolam retensi hanya mereduksi banjir sebesar 3,76% dan tidak sepenuhnya menghilangkan genangan banjir, namun mengurangi lama genangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kondisi infrastruktur hijau pengendali banjir berdasarkan preferensi stakeholder. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode wawancara kepada stakeholder yang berpengaruh selaku pelaku pembangunan infrastruktur. Analisis konten pada penelitian menggunakan kode-kode yang ditemukan dalam transkrip wawancara dengan stakeholder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak seluruh elemen infrastuktur hijau dalam kondisi ketersediaan dan dikelola secara optimal, seperti infrastuktur drainase. Dibutuhkan informasi yang mendetail dari proses pembangunan infrastruktur secara menyeluruh tentang fisik ataupun keandalan elemen terkait. Diperlukannya penambahan infrastruktur dalam pengandalian banjir serta elemen untuk mengurangi sedimen dan polutan yang tinggi pada drainase.
Features of heterogeneous catalytic transformations of strained carbocyclic compounds of the norbornene series
Authors: Durakov S. A. , Kolobov A. A. , Flid V. R.
Published: October 2022

Objectives. Catalytic processes involving norbornene (NBN) and norbornadiene (NBD) offer exceptional opportunities for the synthesis of a wide range of hard-to-reach polycyclic hydrocarbons. The problems of selectivity and manufacturability of these reactions are fundamentally important for their practical implementation. The aim of this review is to summarize the latest advances in the field of designing heterogeneous catalysts for the preparation and transformation of promising NBN- and NBD-derivatives with the maintenance of a strained carbocyclic framework in isomerization and dimerization reactions of these compounds.Results. Various strategies for the selection of catalysts and prospects for the development of heterogeneous catalysis for syntheses based on NBN and NBD derivatives were considered. The possibility of selective cyclic dimerization and isomerization of NBN and NBD was shown. The factors that affect the direction of the reactions and make it possible to maintain the strained norbornane structure were discussed.Conclusions. An analysis of the current state of this problem showed that at present, the technological parameters of the conversion of NBD and NBN derivatives with the participation of heterogeneous catalysts are significantly inferior to homogeneous systems. In order to improve the productivity of these processes and design catalyst regeneration, further investigations are required. However, some progress in these areas has already been made. In a number of processes, it is possible not only to maintain the strained carbocyclic framework, but also to establish ways to control regio- and stereo-selectivity. In some cases, the use of heterogeneous catalysts allows the process to be direct into a completely new path, which has no analogues for homogeneous systems.
Synthesis of stabilizers based on glycerides of monocarboxylic acids for industrial chloroparaffins
Authors: Zotov Yu. L. , Zapravdina D. M. , Shishkin E. V. , Popov Yu. V.
Published: October 2022

Objectives. The study aimed to develop new effective heat stabilizers based on glycerol esters of monocarboxylic acids for industrial chlorinated paraffins and to select of the optimal ratio of active ingredients in the stabilizing composition in order to provide the maximum thermostabilizing effect.Methods. The thermostabilizing effect of the studied samples on chlorinated paraffins was evaluated according to the standard method for determining the thermal stability of liquid chlorinated paraffins in terms of the mass fraction of split off hydrogen chloride. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the obtained mixtures of monocarboxylic acid glycerides was carried out using chromato-mass spectrometry.Results. Glycerides of monocarboxylic acids (oleic, octanoic, hexanoic, and propionic acids) were obtained and identified, and the compositions of the resulting mixtures of mono-, di- and triesters were determined. The stabilizing effect of the obtained mixtures of glycerides of monocarboxylic acids in the amount of 0.5–2.0 wt parts per 100 wt parts of unstabilized industrial chlorinated paraffin CP-30 was determined. The combined use of glycerides of monocarboxylic acids with calcium-containing compounds as a complex stabilizer with a molar ratio of esters/Ca 0.93–0.86/0.07–0.14, respectively, was investigated. Chloroparaffin CP-470, stabilized by the developed complex stabilizer, was successfully used in a polyvinyl chloride composition for cable compound of the brand OM-40.Conclusions. A proposed variant of a complex stabilizer for chlorinated paraffins based on Russian raw materials for import substitution will expand the range of effective stabilizers for organochlorine substances. Glycerides of monocarboxylic acids are shown to exhibit a thermostabilizing effect on industrial chlorinated paraffins. The relationship between the length of the hydrocarbon substituent of the carboxylic acid in the ester and the thermostabilizing effect is obtained. With an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon substituent of the carboxylic acid, the heat-stabilizing ability decreases. The minimum sufficient concentration of glycerides of carboxylic acids was 0.05 ± 0.005 mol/kg, above which no increase in the thermostabilizing effect on chloroparaffin was observed. A synergistic ratio of the components of the stabilizing mixture in terms of thermal stability—glycerides of monocarboxylic acids/calcium-containing compounds—was found equal to 0.85–0.9/0.15–0.1.