bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PREPARATION OF A SUBSIDY REQUEST FOR A CULTURAL PROJECT: NOVICE GRANT-SEEKERS' TYPICAL MISTAKES
Authors:   Altai State Institute of Culture, Frolova Anna
Published: December 2020

The paper briefly reviews various mistakes that are typical for unexperienced government grant-seekers in subsidy requests for execution of socially significant non-profit projects and programs in cultural sector addressed to expert committees of grant competitions. The key points of argument-based denials of subsidies for execution of such projects outlined in critical comments, expert reports and reviews gave for declined requests as well as the author's own remarks are described
Synthesis and stability of the dirhenium(III) cluster compounds with isoleucine, serine and proline in aqueous solutions
Authors:   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Husak Y.V. , Ovcharenko A.A. ,   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Golichenko A.A. ,   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Shtemenko A.V. ,   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology
Published: December 2020

The previously developed methods for the synthesis of cis-tetrachlorodi--carboxylates of dirhenium(III) were modified, due to which the derivatives of Re26+ with proteinogenic amino acids (AA) isoleucine, serine and proline were synthesized for the first time. The composition and structure of these substances with the general formula cis-[Re2(АA)2Cl4(CH3CN)2]Cl2 were confirmed by elemental analysis, electron adsorption and IR spectroscopy. The presence of a characteristic peak, which corresponds to the *-electronic transition of the Re–Re quadruple bond for compounds with the cis-arrangement of two bridging-coordinated carboxylate groups in the ligand environment of the Re26+ cluster, was showed by using the data on the electronic absorption spectra of solutions of the synthesized compounds. The IR spectrum contains an intense, weakly split band in the region of 1466–1458 cm–1, which is attributed to the s(CO) coordinated carboxyl group and indicates its bridging coordination to the binuclear Re26+ fragment. The spectra exhibited the presence of bands of stretching (NH3+) and bending vibrations (NH3+) of protonated amino groups in complex compounds of isoleucine and serine and the presence of bands of stretching (NH2+) and bending vibrations (NH2+) of the protonated imino group of proline. The stability of the prepared complex compounds in aqueous solutions was investigated. It is shown that the hydrolysis of the synthesized substances occurs within 9–14 days with a decrease in the pH of the reaction solution due to a gradual replacement of labile chloride ligands by OH–-groups at the first stages of interaction with water. The resistance to hydrolysis is an important parameter of biologically active substances; the determination of the resistance to hydrolysis will expand understanding of the possible mechanisms of their specific biological activity.
Calculation of thermal expansion, glass transition temperature and glass density in the system RO–Al2O3–B2O3–SiO2 (where RO=BaO, SrO, CaO, MgO, ZnO)
Authors:   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Karasik E.V. , Hordieiev Yu.S. ,   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology
Published: December 2020

Glasses of the system RO–Al2O3–B2O3–SiO2 are used as a base for the fabrication of heat-resistant nonmetallic materials and general-purpose products. The purpose of this work is to develop mathematical models for calculating the temperature coefficient of linear expansion, glass transition temperature and density as a function of the composition of glass in the oxide system RO–Al2O3–B2O3–SiO2 where RO=BaO, SrO, CaO, MgO, ZnO. The disadvantage of the known models is that the range of their application is limited by the quantitative content of components in the glass. At the same time, an increase in the sample size of experimental compositions made it possible to obtain more accurate mathematical models for calculating these properties. The glasses included in the experimental sample are distinguished by a wide range of temperature coefficient of linear expansion (from 30 to 10510–7 К–1). The glass transition temperature of these glasses is within the range of 580–7100C, which allows a reasonable approach to the choice of temperature regime for the formation of the structure vitreous and glass-ceramic materials for different functional purposes. The mathematical models were developed with the use of the experimental and statistical method. The obtained mathematical models are adequate to the experimental data and allow calculating the thermal expansion, glass transition temperature and density of glasses; the mean-square deviations of temperature coefficient of linear expansion, glass transition temperature and density being 1.910–7 К–1, 16.00C and 0.06 g cm–3, respectively. Their accuracy is sufficient for the development of basic glass compositions for various functional purposes.
Common Trade Exposure and Business Cycle Comovement
Authors: Avila-Montealegre Oscar , Mix Carter
Published: December 2020

A large empirical literature has shown that countries that trade more with each other have more correlated business cycles. We show that previous estimates of this relationship are biased upward because they ignore common trade exposure to other countries. When we account for common trade exposure to foreign business cycles, we find that (1) the effect of bilateral trade on business cycle comovement falls by roughly 25 percent and (2) common exposure is a significant driver of business cycle comovement. A standard international real business cycle model is qualitatively consistent with these facts but fails to reproduce their magnitudes. Past studies have used models that allow for productivity shock transmission through trade to strengthen the relationship between trade and comovement. We find that productivity shock transmission increases business cycle comovement largely because of a country-pair's common trade exposure to other countries rather than because of bilateral trade. When we allow for stronger transmission between small open economies than other country-pairs, comovement increases both from bilateral trade and common exposure, similar to the data.
Epidemics and pandemics in human history: Origins, effects and response measures
Authors: An Lu Vi
Published: December 2020

Epidemics and pandemics are kind of the regular disasters that not only threaten human health, but also affect economy, social and politic life of many societies and civilizations. In the timeline of human history, there have long been a lot of catastrophic epidemics, rapidly spreading all over the world, leading to massive deaths and becoming horrible challenges to human existence. They included the plague of Antonine in Ancient Rome; the Justinian pandemic and ``the Black Death'' in the Medieval period; the pandemic of cholera and the Asian plague in the modern age; the 1918- 1919 flu pandemic, the HIV/AIDS pandemic, the influenza pandemic in 2009 and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019-2020. The main infectious diseases that cause pandemics in human history are plagued, smallpox, cholera and flu. By approaching the macrohistory and environmental history, the article made some overviews of epidemics and pandemics in human history from ancient ages to modern ages. Firstly, the article researches the terms ``epidemic, pandemic" and their levels. Next, the article analyzes the origins of epidemics and pandemics, the causes of their appearance, including biological factors, natural conditions and social conditions. Then, the article presents the outbreaks, spreads and impacts of some significant epidemics and pandemics in human history. Hence, the article also initially evaluates some response measures to epidemics and pandemics in history.
Az emberi jogok vallása: viták és értelmezések
Authors: Nyirkos Tamás
Published: December 2020

A tanulmány az emberi jogok olyan felfogásait vizsgálja, amelyek ezekre egyfajta „hit”, „vallás”, esetleg „világi vallás” tárgyaként tekintenek. Az ilyen megnyilatkozások és a bennük szereplő kifejezések rendkívüli homályossága miatt a vallással vont általános analógia természetesen nem állja meg a helyét, ugyanakkor az emberi jogok elmélete bizonyos vonásaiban valóban rokonságot mutat egyes, általában vallásinak nevezett hagyományokkal, elsősorban a kereszténységgel.
Az engedetlenség kötelessége – a modern politika egyik forrásánál
Authors: Molnár Attila Károly
Published: December 2020

A tanulmány nem az alkotmányos ellenállás (ius resistendi) magyar, angol vagy lengyel ősi fogalmával foglalkozik, hanem az engedetlenség – ami nem politikai vagy erkölcsi lehetőség, hanem kötelesség – képzetének kialakulásával. A háború utáni politikai és erkölcsi gondolkodás hangsúlyozta, a természet törvény fogalmával együtt, az engedetlenség, parancsmegtagadás erkölcsi, sőt jogi kötelességét az igazságtalan törvény vagy parancs esetében. Noha a politikai gondolkodásban hagyományosan a fő probléma az volt, hogyan kerüljék el a lázadást, amely a politikai közösséget örökké fenyegeti, a lelkiismeret fogalma köré épülő keresztény erkölcsi gondolkodás története ezzel ellentétes fogalmat eredményezett, az engedetlenség kötelességének a fogalmát. A skolasztikában a tévedékeny lelkiismeret problémája vezetett a Szent Tamás és Szent Bonaventura közti vitához, amelyben az első amellett érvelt, hogy a lelkiismeretet minden esetben követni kell, akár az autoritással szemben is, míg a második azt írta, hogy a lelkiismeret és az autoritás ütközése esetén a lelkiismeretet félre kell tenni, mivel tévedhet. Az engedetlenség erkölcsi kötelességének képzete nyilvánvalóan Szent Tamásnak az ebben a vitában kifejtett érveléséből ered.
Encefalopatía necrotizante aguda asociada a influenza A
Authors: Muñoz-Osores Elizabeth , Sánchez Ortiz Natali , Andresen Vásquez Max , Ávila Smirnow Daniela , Valle Muñoz Patricio , Barriga Gonzaga José
Published: December 2020

La encefalopatía necrotizante aguda (ENA) es una patología rara, caracterizada por compromiso de conciencia y presencia de múltiples lesiones encefálicas simétricas localizadas principalmente en tálamo. Se asocia a alta letalidad e importantes secuelas.Objetivo: Describir el caso de un paciente escolar con ENA asociada a influenza-A con evolución favorable.Caso Clínico: Paciente de 6 años de edad, con historia de 3 días de evolución de síntomas respiratorios altos asociados a fiebre (39 °C). Veinticuatro horas previo a la consulta destacaba compromiso de conciencia cualicuantitativo. Se realizó punción lumbar con proteinorraquia leve. En resonancia magnética (RM) se identificó focos de restricción a la difusión bilaterales de distribución simétrica, talámicos, en cuerpos mamilares, periacueductales, de tegmento pontino, hipocampales y en ambas cápsulas externas, asociado a componente hemorrágico y edema vasogénico, sugerente de ENA. Recibió tratamiento empírico con metilprednisolona y oseltamivir. Posteriormente, se recibió resultado positivo para virus influenzaAH1. Dado diagnóstico, se decidió administrar inmunoglobulina, evolucionando lento pero favorablemente. Al alta levemente bradipsíquico, con disminución de agudeza visual, lenguaje espontáneo y marcha con apoyo. A los 6 meses de seguimiento presentaba lenguaje y marcha normales, persistiendo alteración visual a derecha.Conclusión: Nuestro paciente presentó una ENA cuyo diagnóstico y manejo oportunos se asociaron a una favorable evolución neurológica en el largo plazo. Si bien la ENA es una patología infrecuente, la morbimortalidad asociada es altísima, por lo que resulta de gran importancia tener un alto grado de sospecha, a fin de solicitar estudio imagenológico dirigido, buscar causas infecciosas relacionadas e iniciar un manejo oportuno.
Absceso de Brodie, una patología de difícil diagnóstico
Authors: Silva C. Isadora , Figueroa G. Maria Jesus , Cañete C. Ismael , Hodgson O. Felipe , Gündel P. Alejandro
Published: December 2020

Las infecciones osteoarticulares agudas pediátricas constituyen patologías poco frecuentes, siendo de suma importancia realizar un diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento adecuado para evitar las complicaciones agudas o a largo plazo. El absceso de Brodie (AB) es una forma de osteomielitis subaguda de baja incidencia y de difícil diagnóstico, por lo que es imprescindible la sospecha clínica.Objetivo: Presentar un caso de AB y describir las características etiológicas y clínicas de esta patología.Caso Clínico: Paciente 14 años, evaluado por dolor de muslo derecho de un mes de evolución, afebril y sin antecedente de trauma. Al examen físico no presentaba aumento de volumen, el rango de movimiento (ROM) de cadera derecha era doloroso y la sensibilidad estaba aumentada a la palpación superficial de banda iliotibial (BIT) derecha. Estudio radiológico sin alteraciones. Por persistir síntomas se solicitó ecografía de muslo que mostró irregularidad ósea cortical. Resonancia Magnética (RM) evidenció lesión en diáfisis de fémur derecho de probable origen tumoral o infeccioso. Parámetros inflamatorios sin alteraciones. Se realizó toma de biopsia y cultivos, aislando Staphylococcus aureus multisensible. Se procedió a aseo quirúrgico y terapia antibiótica endovenosa, evolucionando favorablemente.Conclusiones: La presentación clínica y laboratorio en AB pueden ser inespecíficas. El clínico no especialista debe tener un alto índice de sospecha de esta patología como posible diagnóstico diferencial en pacientes que persisten con dolor y presentan una alteración radiológica, incluso ante la ausencia de otros síntomas y parámetros inflamatorios normales. Es importante realizar una biopsia ósea para el diagnóstico diferencial de patologías tumorales.
Intervalos de confianza: Aclaraciones e interpretaciones en el ámbito de salud
Authors: Ventura-León Jose , Valencia Pablo D.
Published: December 2020

En el marco de la estadística inferencial es común la utilización de los intervalos de confianza (IC). Los mismos que son definidos como una estimación de un rango de valores posibles en el que puede encontrarse el verdadero valor poblacional con cierto grado de confianza. En ese sentido, son frecuentes las malas interpretaciones de los IC, situación que genera problemas en las conclusiones de un estudio. Por ende, el propósito de esta carta es brindar aclaraciones y ayudar al entendimiento de los IC en el ámbito de la pediatría.
ІНФОРМАЦІЙНА СИСТЕМА ОЦІНКИ ПРОФЕСІЙНИХ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТЕЙ ОФІЦЕРІВ – ВИПУСКНИКІВ ВИЩИХ ВІЙСЬКОВИХ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ ТАКТИЧНОГО РІВНЯ
Authors: Горбачевський С.
Published: December 2020

Запропоновано структуру інформаційної системи оцінки професійних компетентностей офіцерів – випускників вищих військових навчальних закладів тактичного рівня та описано макет системи на базі системи дистанційного навчання.
The Effects of Software-Aided Mind and Argument Mapping on Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Yıldızlı Hülya , ŞİMŞEK İrfan
Published: December 2020

By carrying out software-aided mind/argument mapping applications in the “Theories of Learning and Teaching” course offered to post-graduate students completing a master's degree in education, the present research aimed to examine the effects of the applications on academic achievement, as well as explore students' opinions on these applications. The research followed a mixed-method design integrating quantitative and qualitative research methods. Participants consisted of post-graduate students (six students) who were taking the course titled “Theories of Learning and Teaching”. The experimental process lasted for 12 weeks. The experimental part of the research has been realized in two stages: In the first stage, the students were given the opportunity to learn about and practice preparing software-aided mind and argument mapping applications on computers and tablets for two weeks. In the second stage, participants were instructed about the theoretical dimension of teaching and learning processes and of the software-aided mind and argument mapping. Theories of Learning and Teaching Course Achievement Test, Reflective Diaries, Student Self-Assessment Forms and Semi-Structured Interview Schedules were utilized as data collection tools. The results suggested that the use of software-aided maps in learning and teaching processes has a considerably positive effect on students’ academic achievement. Besides, it has been observed that the students acquired various skills with regards to the use of such tools.
Ingeniería concurrente en un entorno sostenible
Authors: Riba-Romeva Carles , Blanco-Romero Elena
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCCIÓN. Extensión de la ingeniería concurrente a entornos en los que se considera la sostenibilidad. OBJETIVO. Establece el marco conceptual y los cambios metodológicos que deben introducirse para su desarrollo. MÉTODO. La investigación se desarrolla bajo un enfoque mixto y bibliográfico. Se basa en el análisis de varios proyectos en entornos donde la sostenibilidad es esencial. RESULTADOS. Además de un marco conceptual para estos proyectos, el aspecto metodológico más destacado es la inclusión de una etapa previa en el ciclo de diseño de análisis del entorno. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES. Hoy día, la ingeniería concurrente, debe abarcar la sostenibilidad de los recursos naturales y de la propia vida humana.
Protección de distancia en las líneas con derivación
Authors: Pérez-baluja Osmel , Torres-Breffe Orlys E.
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCCIÓN. En este trabajo se analizó el uso de la protección de distancia como protección principal en las líneas de trasmisión con derivaciones. OBJETIVO. Demostrar que los relés de distancia no deben ser las protecciones principales en la una línea trasmisión. MÉTODO. Se realizó la modelación matemática con experimentos virtuales de fuente intermedia de secuencia positiva y se simularon cortocircuitos trifásicos y monofásicos a tierra en una línea de trasmisión genérica. RESULTADOS. Se demostró que la protección de distancia tiene errores en la localización de fallas y que los errores de sub-alcance en los relés de distancia son frecuentes en las líneas de trasmisión con derivaciones. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES. En líneas con derivación con generación en las derivaciones, el efecto de la fuente intermedia de secuencia positiva provoca errores considerables en la localización de la falla, incluso cuando existen transformadores en la derivación este provoca el efecto de fuente intermedia pero con corrientes de secuencia cero que igualmente provoca errores en la localización de la falla de fase a tierra. Se demostró que la protección de distancia no debería ser empleada como protección principal en las líneas de trasmisión y mucho menos si existen derivaciones.
Detectando problemas en protecciones eléctricas de generadores utilizando DigSIlent Power Factory
Authors: Caballero-Mena Álvaro Jesús , Espinosa-Domínguez Julio
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCCIÓN. En este trabajo se detectan problemas en algunas funciones de protecciones que se emplean en una central eléctrica de grupos electrógenos. OBJETIVO. Modelar el GPC que es uno de los dispositivos que funge como protección y control del motor. MÉTODO. Se Utilizando la modelación matemática de una central típica y su dispositivo de protección principal se detectan las funciones de protecciones que no operaban efectivamente. RESULTADOS. Algunas funciones de protecciones dentro del GPC no eran efectivas y esta era la causa del daño severo que estaban sufriendo las centrales de grupos electrógenos. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES. Algunas funciones de protecciones en el GPC no son efectivas, es mejor utilizar un relé de protección para estas centrales.
Análisis de cadmio, plomo, níquel y arsénico en plantas de cacao y derivados: Industria Alimentaria
Authors: Ordoñez-Araque Roberto , Lopez-Cortez Andre , Casa-Lopez Francisco , Landines-Vera Edgar , Fuentes Esteban
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCCIÓN. El cacao es una materia prima producida principalmente en varios países de América, África y Asia. El cultivo de cacao es una de las principales actividades socio-económicas, en el Ecuador, siendo el primer exportador de cacao fino de aroma en grano de América. OBJETIVO. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo la revisión de investigaciones que analicen la problemática del contenido de cadmio, plomo, arsénico y níquel en los suelos de plantaciones y en productos derivados del cacao. MÉTODO. Se realizó una revisión sistemática consultando 18 artículos de las principales bases de datos. RESULTADOS. Se encontraron análisis de metales pesados relacionados con el cacao en distintos países del mundo. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES. Se ha encontrado que el cultivo de cacao y sus derivados postcosecha pueden tener concentraciones elevadas de cadmio, plomo, níquel y arsénico, la legislación no es lo suficientemente clara y en ciertos casos no se han desarrollado límites para ciertos metales pesados Trabajar en modelos predictivos para determinar una posible contaminación de metales pesados resulta indispensable para el sector industrial, así como las herramientas de mitigación en campo y producción.
El trabajo a tiempo parcial desde una perspectiva de género
Authors: ORTIZ-GARCÍA PILAR , Cosimi Laura
Published: December 2020

La última crisis económica ha propiciado la pérdida de calidad global del empleo de los trabajadores más vulnerables, especialmente de las mujeres. Una manifestación de este deterioro es el crecimiento de formas atípicas de empleo, como el trabajo a tiempo parcial, que ha experimentado un crecimiento importante en los últimos años. Las razones de este crecimiento han sido diversas, pero una de ellas llama especialmente la atención: se está promoviendo como fórmula de creación de empleo por las condiciones ventajosas que supone para el empresario la adaptación de los requerimientos productivos a una oferta de trabajo con vínculos contractuales menos rígidos. España e Italia han experimentado un crecimiento superior al resto de Europa, especialmente significativo entre las mujeres. Este trabajo analiza algunas de las hipótesis que explican dicho incremento, señalando las similitudes de estos dos casos e incidiendo en la posición de la mujer en el mercado de trabajo. La estrategia metodológica parte del análisis de los datos agregados procedentes de diversas fuentes estadísticas de países de la Unión Europea. Para llegar a resultados concluyentes sobre este objeto de estudio se ha adoptado una perspectiva de género desde la que se analizan los factores coyunturales y estructurales implicados en el crecimiento de esta forma atípica de empleo en ambos países. La posición de la mujer en el mercado laboral completa un análisis en el que se concluye que la posición de mayor debilidad de la mujer en el mercado laboral está detrás de la evolución positiva del trabajo a tiempo parcial en estos países.
Grobnice halštatskih kneževa na lokalitetu Kaptol – Čemernica
Authors: Šoštarić Renata , Potrebica Hrvoje , Bonić Babić Renata , Martinović Marija , Novak Tamara
Published: December 2020

Prapovijesni arheološki lokalitet Kaptol za sada je najznačajnije željeznodobno nalazište na području sjeverne Hrvatske te je i epomnimni lokalitet istoimene najjužnije skupine halštatskoga kulturnog kompleksa. Nekropola na položaju Čemernica istraživana je od 1965. do 1971. godine, kada je istraženo 14 tumula. Nakon toga u tri su navrata provedena kompleksna revizijska istraživanja: 2007. godine bio je istražen tumul XI – najsjeverniji tumul na nekropoli Čemernica, nakon dvije godine tumul III, te 2016. tumul IV. U ovome radu po prvi puta prezentiramo rezultate arheobotaničkih istraživanja halštatskih tumula III i XI na položaju Kaptol – Čemernica. Flotirane su ukupno 674 litre sedimenta iz tumula III i XI te izdvojeno ukupno 16285 karboniziranih biljnih ostataka. U oba tumula apsolutno su najbrojniji nalazi žitarica (preko 90%). Zbog loše očuvanosti materijala, polovica nalaza žitarica determinirana je kao Cerealia (krupnozrne žitarice), među bolje očuvanim nalazima u oba tumula prevladava pšenica (Triticum), a od izdvojenih tipova pšenica najbrojnija je obična ili krušna pšenica (Triticum aestivum). S obzirom na veliku količinu nalaza, prije svega žitarica, može se zaključiti kako je biljna komponenta grobnih rituala u starijem željeznom dobu imala puno veći značaj nego što se to do sada mislilo.
The Effect of Synectic Learning Model and Learning Interests on Creative Thinking Ability in Writing Free Poetry for Class V Students of SD Negeri 112320 Aek Kota Batu
Authors: Susanty Desi , Adisaputera Abdurahman , Yus Anita
Published: December 2020

This study aims to determine: (1) To determine the differences in students' creative thinking skills in writing free poetry between students who are taught with the synectic learning model compared to the reciprocal learning model; (2) To determine the differences in students' creative thinking skills in writing free poetry between students who have high learning interest compared to low learning interest; and (3) to determine the interaction between learning models and interest in learning in influencing students' creative thinking abilities in writing free poetry. This research was conducted at SDN 112320 Aek Kota Batu. The research method used is a quantitative method with a 2x2 experimental design. Data collection techniques used questionnaires and tests. The data analysis technique in this study used the Two Way Anova test. The results showed that: (1) There is a significant difference in the average creative thinking ability of students who are taught with the synectic model compared with the average thinking ability of students taught with the reciprocal model (Fcount = 11.664 and sig. 0.001 < 0.05) ; (2) The average creative thinking ability of students who have high learning interest is higher than the average creative thinking ability of students who have low learning interest (Fcount = 12.165 and sig. 0.001 < 0.05); and (3) There is an interaction between learning models and interest in learning in influencing students' creative thinking abilities (Fcount = 7.054 and sig. 0.011 < 0.05).
Performances of tomato cultivars in coastal areas based on GGE biplot analysis
Authors: Naher N , Uddin MK , Ahamed KU , Alam AKMM
Published: December 2020

Soil salinity problem is undoubtedly a major cause which limits the crop production in the coastal region of Bangladesh. Hence an experiment was conducted to observe the stability of cultivars at two coastal saline areas namely Benarpota and Kalapara of Bangladesh based on yield and yield related traits. Eight tomato varieties were used and the experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates. The collected data were analyzed statistically using R-Stat program. The stability of the cultivars was done by R Stat biplot analysis. Yield parameters were significantly affected by salinity at both locations. At Kalapara and Benarpota the variety BARI Tomato-7 gave the highest plant height, 120 cm and 114.67cm, respectively. BARI Tomato-4, BARI Tomato-9 and BARI Tomato-11at Benarpota were earlier for harvest days. The highest number of fruits/plant was recorded from BARI Tomato-11while the lowest number was for BARI Tomato-4 at Benarpota which was statistically similar to BARI Tomato-8 at Kalapara. BARI Tomato-7 gave the highest fruit yield (90.0 t/ha) at Benarpota and (84.67 t/ha) at Kalapara which was significantly different from all other varieties and followed by BARI Tomato-14 (82.67 t/ha) and BARI Tomato-8 (80.33 t/ha). The lowest yield was obtained from BARI Tomato-11 at both the locations. Salt tolerant BARI Tomato-7 was the most suitable variety for Benarpota and Kalapara regions. Based on GGE biplot Genotype (G), Environment (E) and Genotype × Environment (G × E) interactions, BARI tomato-7 and BARI tomato-14 obviously ranked first position at Benarpota and kalapara, respectively.

Progressive Agriculture 31 (2): 94-103, 2020
Lettera del Presidente, Dicembre 2020
Authors: Sternfeld Pavia Luisa
Published: December 2020

Copia di questo articolo puo’ essere richiesta a:

AIRP Associazione Italiana Rene PolicisticoVia Bazzini 2, 20131 Milano - ItaliaSegreteria.airp@renepolicistico.it
Anthropogenic pressures on reef-associated sharks in jurisdictions with and without directed shark fishing
Authors: Clementi GM , Babcock EA , Valentin-Albanese J , Bond ME , Flowers KI , Heithaus MR , Whitman ER , Van Zinnicq Bergmann MPM , Guttridge TL , O’Shea OR , Shipley ON , Brooks EJ , Kessel ST , Chapman DD
Published: December 2020

Shark populations have declined across the Caribbean region, with negative associations between shark abundance and human population density, open access to fishing, and proximity to large markets (‘market gravity’). This decline is frequently attributed to fishing mortality, which increases in areas closer to humans and outside marine reserves. Although it is difficult to disentangle the effects of fishing mortality from other anthropogenic pressures on sharks, comparing shark abundance and diversity in jurisdictions with near zero fishing mortality versus prevalent shark fishing can demonstrate the role of overfishing. We used baited remote underwater video systems to compare shark abundance and diversity on coral reefs in 2 Caribbean nations with contrasting levels of shark exploitation: Belize (shark fishing) and The Bahamas (shark sanctuary). The abundance of targeted shark species and diversity were significantly higher in The Bahamas than in Belize. Caribbean reef and nurse shark abundance in Belize were best predicted by fishing-related factors (marine reserves, market gravity, their interaction). In The Bahamas, abiotic factors (depth, sea surface temperature) best predicted nurse shark abundance, while depth, market gravity, and its interaction with marine reserves predicted Caribbean reef shark abundance. These results indicate that fishing mortality reduces shark abundance and diversity in Belize, while lower fishing mortality in The Bahamas has greatly reduced but not eliminated human impacts on sharks. Future work should elucidate the indirect effects of humans to develop holistic shark conservation plans. We suggest minimizing shark fishing through multinational management plans to improve shark abundance and diversity, especially on reefs near densely populated areas.
“OKVision OKV-SL” customizable soft contact lenses fitting guide
Authors: Myagkov A. V. , Poskrebysheva Zh. N.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this guide is to introduce ophthalmologists and optometrists to the basics of fitting of customizable soft contact lenses, which is an important knowledge that enhances practitioners’ skills and helps provide a high visual acuity for many patients.

Material and methods. This guide sets forth the principles of calculation of contact lens parameters, defines parameters specific to customizable lenses as well as assessment of the fit and the rules of lens handling and care.

Conclusions. Following the fitting guide ensures a successful vision correction with customizable soft contact lenses for both doctor and the patient.
MESENCHYMAL TUMORS OF THE COLON AND RECTUM: DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, PROGNOSIS (case report and review)
Authors: Mainovskaya O. A. , Tarasov M. A. , Romanova E. M. , Chernyshov S. V.
Published: December 2020

Mesenchymal tumors of the colon and rectum are extremely rare and do not have specific clinical manifestations, their diagnosis and staging cause certain difficulties.

Different types of mesenchymal tumors differ in prognosis and choice of the treatment. It explains the importance of differential diagnosis of these neoplasms among themselves and tumors-derivatives of other embryonic structures.

The article describes the clinical case of a rare mesenchymal tumor and management of the patient.
Tribbles Pseudokinase 3 Contributes to Cancer Stemness of Endometrial Cancer Cells by Regulating β-Catenin Expression
Authors: Wang Wen-Ling , Hong Guan-Ci , Chien Peng-Ju , Huang Yu-Hao , Lee Hsueh-Te , Wang Po-Hui , Lee Yueh-Chun , Chang Wen-Wei
Published: December 2020

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the second most common gynecological malignancy worldwide. Tribbles pseudokinase 3 (TRIB3) is a scaffolding protein that regulates intracellular signal transduction, and its role in tumor development is controversial. Here, we investigated the biological function of TRIB3 in EC. We found that the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression level of TRIB3 was significantly and positively correlated with shorter overall survival of EC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The protein expression of TRIB3 was found to be significantly increased in EC cancer stem cells (CSCs) enriched by tumorsphere cultivation. Knockdown of TRIB3 in EC cells suppressed tumorsphere formation, the expression of cancer stemness genes, and the in vivo tumorigenesis. The expression of β-catenin at both the protein and the mRNA levels was downregulated upon TRIB3 silencing. TRIB3 was found to interact with E74 Like ETS transcription factor 4 (ELF4) in the nucleus and bound to ELF4 consensus sites within the catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1) promoter in EC cell lines. These data indicated that TRIB3 may regulate CTNNB1 transcription by enhancing the recruitment of ELF4 to the CTNNB1 promoter. In conclusion, our results suggest that TRIB3 plays an oncogenic role in EC and positively regulates the self-renewal and tumorigenicity of EC-CSCs. Targeting TRIB3 is considered as a potential therapeutic strategy in future EC therapy.
Mutation Spectra of the MRN (MRE11, RAD50, NBS1/NBN) Break Sensor in Cancer Cells
Authors: McPherson Matthew T. , Holub Ashton S. , Husbands Aman Y. , Petreaca Ruben C.
Published: December 2020

The MRN complex (MRE11, RAD50, NBS1/NBN) is a DNA double strand break sensor in eukaryotes. The complex directly participates in, or coordinates, several activities at the break such as DNA resection, activation of the DNA damage checkpoint, chromatin remodeling and recruitment of the repair machinery. Mutations in components of the MRN complex have been described in cancer cells for several decades. Using the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database, we characterized all the reported MRN mutations. This analysis revealed several hotspot frameshift mutations in all three genes that introduce premature stop codons and truncate large regions of the C-termini. We also found through evolutionary analyses that COSMIC mutations are enriched in conserved residues of NBS1/NBN and RAD50 but not in MRE11. Given that all three genes are important to carcinogenesis, we propose these differential enrichment patterns may reflect a more severe pleiotropic role for MRE11.
Obesity and Cancer Metastasis: Molecular and Translational Perspectives
Authors: Annett Stephanie , Moore Gillian , Robson Tracy
Published: December 2020

Obesity is a modern health problem that has reached pandemic proportions. It is an established risk factor for carcinogenesis, however, evidence for the contribution of adipose tissue to the metastatic behavior of tumors is also mounting. Over 90% of cancer mortality is attributed to metastasis and metastatic tumor cells must communicate with their microenvironment for survival. Many of the characteristics observed in obese adipose tissue strongly mirror the tumor microenvironment. Thus in the case of prostate, pancreatic and breast cancer and esophageal adenocarcinoma, which are all located in close anatomical proximity to an adipose tissue depot, the adjacent fat provides an ideal microenvironment to enhance tumor growth, progression and metastasis. Adipocytes provide adipokines, fatty acids and other soluble factors to tumor cells whilst immune cells infiltrate the tumor microenvironment. In addition, there are emerging studies on the role of the extracellular vesicles secreted from adipose tissue, and the extracellular matrix itself, as drivers of obesity-induced metastasis. In the present review, we discuss the major mechanisms responsible for the obesity–metastatic link. Furthermore, understanding these complex mechanisms will provide novel therapies to halt the tumor–adipose tissue crosstalk with the ultimate aim of inhibiting tumor progression and metastatic growth.
A Topic Modeling Analysis of TCGA Breast and Lung Cancer Transcriptomic Data
Authors: Valle Filippo , Osella Matteo , Caselle Michele
Published: December 2020

Topic modeling is a widely used technique to extract relevant information from large arrays of data. The problem of finding a topic structure in a dataset was recently recognized to be analogous to the community detection problem in network theory. Leveraging on this analogy, a new class of topic modeling strategies has been introduced to overcome some of the limitations of classical methods. This paper applies these recent ideas to TCGA transcriptomic data on breast and lung cancer. The established cancer subtype organization is well reconstructed in the inferred latent topic structure. Moreover, we identify specific topics that are enriched in genes known to play a role in the corresponding disease and are strongly related to the survival probability of patients. Finally, we show that a simple neural network classifier operating in the low dimensional topic space is able to predict with high accuracy the cancer subtype of a test expression sample.
Infection of Porphyromonas gingivalis Increases Phosphate-Induced Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Park Hyun-Joo , Kim Yeon , Kim Mi-Kyoung , Park Hae-Ryoun , Kim Hyung-Joon , Bae Soo-Kyung , Bae Moon-Kyoung
Published: December 2020

Accumulating evidence suggests a link between periodontal disease and cardiovascular diseases. Vascular calcification is the pathological precipitation of phosphate and calcium in the vasculature and is closely associated with increased cardiovascular risk and mortality. In this study, we have demonstrated that the infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), one of the major periodontal pathogens, increases inorganic phosphate-induced vascular calcification through the phenotype transition, apoptosis, and matrix vesicle release of vascular smooth muscle cells. Moreover, P. gingivalis infection accelerated the phosphate-induced calcium deposition in cultured rat aorta ex vivo. Taken together, our findings indicate that P. gingivalis contributes to the periodontal infection-related vascular diseases associated with vascular calcification.
Analysis of Activity-Dependent Energy Metabolism in Mice Reveals Regulation of Mitochondrial Fission and Fusion mRNA by Voluntary Physical Exercise in Subcutaneous Fat from Male Marathon Mice (DUhTP)
Authors: Brenmoehl Julia , Ohde Daniela , Walz Christina , Langhammer Martina , Schultz Julia , Hoeflich Andreas
Published: December 2020

Physical inactivity is considered as one of the main causes of obesity in modern civilizations, and it has been demonstrated that resistance training programs can be used to reduce fat mass. The effects of voluntary exercise on energy metabolism are less clear in adipose tissue. Therefore, the effects of three different voluntary exercise programs on the control of energy metabolism in subcutaneous fat were tested in two different mouse lines. In a cross-over study design, male mice were kept for three or six weeks in the presence or absence of running wheels. For the experiment, mice with increased running capacity (DUhTP) were used and compared to controls (DUC). Body and organ weight, feed intake, and voluntary running wheel activity were recorded. In subcutaneous fat, gene expression of browning markers and mitochondrial energy metabolism were analyzed. Exercise increased heart weight in control mice (p < 0.05) but significantly decreased subcutaneous, epididymal, perinephric, and brown fat mass in both genetic groups (p < 0.05). Gene expression analysis revealed higher expression of browning markers and individual complex subunits present in the electron transport chain in subcutaneous fat of DUhTP mice compared to controls (DUC; p < 0.01), independent of physical activity. While in control mice, voluntary exercise had no effect on markers of mitochondrial fission or fusion, in DUhTP mice, reduced mitochondrial DNA, transcription factor Nrf1, fission- (Dnm1), and fusion-relevant transcripts (Mfn1 and 2) were observed in response to voluntary physical activity (p < 0.05). Our findings indicate that the superior running abilities in DUhTP mice, on one hand, are connected to elevated expression of genetic markers for browning and oxidative phosphorylation in subcutaneous fat. In subcutaneous fat from DUhTP but not in unselected control mice, we further demonstrate reduced expression of genes for mitochondrial fission and fusion in response to voluntary physical activity.
Calpain-1 and Calpain-2 in the Brain: New Evidence for a Critical Role of Calpain-2 in Neuronal Death
Authors: Wang Yubin , Liu Yan , Bi Xiaoning , Baudry Michel
Published: December 2020

Calpains are a family of soluble calcium-dependent proteases that are involved in multiple regulatory pathways. Our laboratory has focused on the understanding of the functions of two ubiquitous calpain isoforms, calpain-1 and calpain-2, in the brain. Results obtained over the last 30 years led to the remarkable conclusion that these two calpain isoforms exhibit opposite functions in the brain. Calpain-1 activation is required for certain forms of synaptic plasticity and corresponding types of learning and memory, while calpain-2 activation limits the extent of plasticity and learning. Calpain-1 is neuroprotective both during postnatal development and in adulthood, while calpain-2 is neurodegenerative. Several key protein targets participating in these opposite functions have been identified and linked to known pathways involved in synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection/neurodegeneration. We have proposed the hypothesis that the existence of different PDZ (PSD-95, DLG and ZO-1) binding domains in the C-terminal of calpain-1 and calpain-2 is responsible for their association with different signaling pathways and thereby their different functions. Results with calpain-2 knock-out mice or with mice treated with a selective calpain-2 inhibitor indicate that calpain-2 is a potential therapeutic target in various forms of neurodegeneration, including traumatic brain injury and repeated concussions.
Influence of NaCl Freeze Thaw Cycles and Cyclic Loading on the Mechanical Performance and Permeability of Sulphoaluminate Cement Reactive Powder Concrete
Authors: Hong Xinghua , Wang Hui , Shi Feiting
Published: December 2020

This paper aimed to investigate the coupling effects of NaCl freeze–thaw cycles and cyclic loading on the mechanical performance and permeability of sulphoaluminate cement reactive powder concrete (RPC). Firstly, the compressive and flexural strengths of sulphoaluminate cement RPC were investigated. Then, the chloride ion permeability, mechanical strengths (compressive and flexural strengths) and mass loss were determined. Results indicated that the increased steel fibers content and curing age played positive roles in the mechanical strengths. The threshold values of steel fibers and curing age were 3.0% and 14 days. Sulphoaluminate cement RPC with early curing age (5 h) showed relatively high mechanical strengths: flexural strength (8.69~17.51 MPa), and compressive strength (34.1~38.5 MPa). The mass loss, the chloride migration coefficient, and the compressive strength loss increased linearly with NaCl freeze–thaw cycles. Meanwhile, the flexural strength loss increased with the exponential function. The relative dynamic modulus of elasticity of specimens decreased linearly with the increased freeze–thaw cycles. Finally, it was observed from this paper, cyclic loading demonstrated negative roles on the mechanical strengths and resistance to chloride penetration.
Laser-Irradiated Chlorpromazine as a Potent Anti-Biofilm Agent for Coating of Biomedical Devices
Authors: Nistorescu Simona , Gradisteanu Pircalabioru Gratiela , Udrea Ana-Maria , Simon Ágota , Pascu Mihail , Chifiriuc Mariana-Carmen
Published: December 2020

Nowadays, antibiotic resistance has become increasingly common, triggering a global health crisis, immediately needing alternative, including repurposed drugs with potent bactericidal effects. We demonstrated that chlorpromazine aqueous solutions exposed to laser radiation exhibited visible activity against various microorganisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the quantitative antimicrobial activity of chlorpromazine in non-irradiated and 4-h laser irradiated form. Also, we examined the effect of both solutions impregnated on a cotton patch, cannula, and urinary catheter against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. In all experimental versions, the chlorpromazine antimicrobial activity was enhanced by laser exposure. Besides the experimental results, the in silico analyses using molecular docking proved that the improved antimicrobial activity of the irradiated compound was a result of the combined action of the photoproducts on the biological target (s). Our results show that laser radiation could alter the molecular structure of various drugs and their effects, proving to be a promising strategy to halt antibiotic resistance, by repurposing current medicines for new antimicrobial strategies, thereby decreasing the costs and time for the development of more efficient drugs.
Lower-Limb Electromyography Signal Analysis of Distinct Muscle Fitness Norms under Graded Exercise Intensity
Authors: Chen Ching-Kun , Lin Shyan-Lung , Wang Tasi-Chu , Lin Yu-Jie , Wu Chieh-Liang
Published: December 2020

Physical fitness is the overall ability of the body to adapt to the working environment and perform sporting and daily activities. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between muscle fitness and the electromyography (EMG) signals of lower limbs under varying exercise intensity. The standing long jump was used as a test task for assessing the power of the lower limb muscles. Participants were university freshmen who belonged to the top 20%, middle 20%, and bottom 20% groups in terms of physical fitness norms. The EMG signals of the participants’ lower limbs while they performed squats were collected under four exercise intensities of repetitions maximum (RM): no load, 8RM, 18RM, and 28RM; the features of the signals were extracted using time-domain and frequency-domain analysis. Statistical analysis was also performed. The top and bottom groups exhibited significant differences time-domain indicators mean absolute value (MAV) and average amplitude change (AAC) in the low-intensity exercise (28RM). The MAV, variance of EMG (VAR), root mean square (RMS), and AAC were significantly different between the top and bottom groups in the three graded intensities (8RM, 18RM, and 28RM). The mean frequency (MNF) and median frequency (MDF), which are frequency-domain indicators, were significantly different between the top and bottom groups in the low-intensity (28RM) and moderate-intensity (18RM) exercises.