bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation, Purification and In Vitro Characterization of a Newly Isolated Alkalophilic Phytase Produced by the Halophile Cobetia marina Strain 439 for Use as Animal Food Supplement
Authors: Boyadzhieva Ivanka , Berberov Kaloyan , Atanasova Nikolina , Krumov Nikolay , Kabaivanova Lyudmila
Published: January 2025

Economic development increases and brings about issues such as the secure supply of food in a sustainable way. Phytases are enzymes catalyzing phytate hydrolysis to release phosphorus in an inorganic form. Animal feeds could be supplemented with bacterial phytases to increase their phosphorus and micronutrients bioavailability. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the purification and characterization of an alkalophilic phytase from Cobetia marina. The purified newly isolated phytase from the halophilic Cobetia marina strain 439 appears to be appropriate for use as an additive in food and feed processing. Its molecular weight was determined to be 43 kDa by gel filtration and 40 kDa by SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme had maximum activity at pH 8.0 and 45 °C, while at 70 °C, it was 80% and about 50% at 80 °C for 40 min, showing its thermostability. Enzyme activity was retained at a broad pH range from 6.5 to 9.0. The half-life of the phytase of 15 min at pH 10 and 30 min at pH 4.0 was registered. The enzyme was proven to be with high substrate specificity. In addition, the purified phytase showed strong proteolytic tolerance against trypsin and pepsin. The pH profile, its thermostability, and proteolytic tolerance of the studied phytase as a halophilic bacterial product determine it as a unique candidate for application in agriculture, food, and feed industries.
Gellan Gum Enhances the Quality of Egg-Based Yoghurt by Changing the Water Phase Distribution and Improving the Gel Texture
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Zang Jianwei , Liu Shutong , Yan Bingxu , Tang Daobang , Chen Jiguang , Li Dongwen , Peng Dayong , Liu Zebo , Yin Zhongping
Published: January 2025

Egg-based yoghurt (EBY) is a novel yoghurt fermented by lactic acid bacteria with high nutritional and health values, serving as a potential alternative to milk-based yoghurt. However, the hardness, adhesiveness, and water-holding capacity of egg-based yoghurt need to be further improved. In this study, the improvement in EBY quality by gellan gum and its underlying mechanism were investigated. The results showed that gellan gum significantly improved the quality of EBY (p < 0.05). Among the five concentration gradients tested, the EBY supplemented with 0.045% gellan gum exhibited the best quality with the highest sensory score of 83.57. With the increasing amount of gellan gum, hydrogen bonding interactions in the yoghurt significantly increased, while ionic bonding remained unchanged, but hydrophobic interactions and disulphide bonding gradually decreased. Low-field NMR assay results demonstrated that gellan gum significantly raised the amount of strongly bonded water while decreasing the amount of immobile water in the yoghurt. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that EBY with 0.045% gellan gum had a better texture, whereas too much or too little gellan gum led to a coarser structure. In summary, gellan gum altered the water phase state and enhanced the water holding capacity through increased hydrogen bonding interactions, which consequently improved the yoghurt’s texture and sensory qualities. This study provides a reference for the development and application of EBY.
Recovery of Bioactive Constituents from Olive Leaf Pruning Waste of Five Different Cultivars: A Comparison of Green Extraction Techniques to Maximize Health Benefits
Authors: Mushtaq Hamid , Piccolella Simona , Mendiola Jose A. , Montero Lidia , Ibáñez Elena , Pacifico Severina
Published: January 2025

Sustainable agro-waste revaluation is critical to enhance the profitability and environmental footprint of the olive oil industry. Herein, the valorization of olive leaf pruning waste from five cultivars (‘Caiazzana’, ‘Carolea’, ‘Itrana’, ‘Leccino’, and ‘Frantoio’) employed green extraction methods to recover compounds with potential health benefits. Sequential ultrasound-assisted maceration (UAM) in n-hexane and ethanol was compared with a compressed fluid extraction strategy consisting of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) for their efficiency in recovering distinct classes of bioactives. Chemical profiling by UHPLC-HR-MS/MS (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry) and GC-MS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry) showed that UAM-EtOH effectively extracted polyphenols (especially luteolin derivatives) and triterpenes (notably maslinic acid), while PLE yielded the highest amount of secoiridoids (e.g., secologanoside). PLE extracts showed better antiradical activities, putatively due to a higher content of flavonoids, secoiridoids, and HCA derivatives than UAM-EtOH ones, as these latter also contained 20–40% (cultivar-dependent) of triterpenes. SFE extracts with a higher concentration of fatty acids and triterpenes showed moderate antioxidant activities but very high AChE inhibition. This study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate extraction methodologies based on the target bioactive compounds and underscores the potential of olive leaf extracts for sustainable bio-products.
Exploring the Bioaccessibility of Roasted Japanese Green Tea: Impact of Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion
Authors: Qin Wei , Ketnawa Sunantha
Published: January 2025

In this study, the effects were explored of digestive enzymes and pH on the bioaccessibility of polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activities in Hojicha (roasted green tea, RT) infusions during simulated in vitro digestion. Roasting modifies its polyphenolic profile and reduces bitterness, making it a popular variation of green tea. In this study, RT was used for assessing how the roasting-induced changes influenced the tea’s bioaccessibility and stability under digestive conditions. A two-step gastrointestinal digestion model was applied to mimic real digestion. Total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and MIC) were measured at different digestion stages. Gastric conditions led to a 2.07-fold reduction in TPC and a 4.27-fold reduction in TFC. Digestive enzymes enhanced bioactive compound stability, with TPC and TFC bioaccessibility reaching 56% and 25% in the simulated digestion with digestive enzymes (MD) group, compared to 52% and 20% in the without digestive enzymes (WOE) group. Antioxidant activities were also better preserved, with antioxidant activity retention at 31% in the MD samples versus 19% in the WOE. These findings emphasize the key role of digestive enzymes in maintaining the antioxidant potential of roasted green tea during digestion, providing insight into future research on roasting methods and tea functionality for product development.
How Exceptional Was the 2023–2024 Flood Sequence in the Charente River (Aquitania, South-West France)? A Geohistorical Perspective on Clustered Floods
Authors: Duquesne Amélie , Carozza Jean-Michel
Published: January 2025

During winter 2023–2024, the Charente River experienced four successive flood events in six months, including one major flood and three moderate ones. These grouped floods affected a huge territory in the Charente valley, in particular the Territoire à Risque d’Inondation Important (TRI, i.e., Major Flood Risk Area) between Angoulême and Saintes (46 municipalities). Although they produced little immediate damage due to their slow kinematics and low flow speeds, they had a major impact on the functioning of the territory through prolonged house flooding and infrastructure disruption. This repeated flood sequence is all the more remarkable in that it occurs after the February 2021 extreme flood and a backdrop of severe and prolonged drought initiating in 2019. This article proposes to analyze grouped floods, a complex and little-studied hydrological phenomenon, from a geohistorical perspective in order to demonstrate that they are not emergent events and to look for historical precedents that show that these particular events have already occurred in the past but have been neglected or underestimated until now. Among past grouped flood sequences extending back to 1700, a significant similarity arises with the 1859–1860 flood sequence. In both cases, the first annual flood occurred early in the year in response to an early storm season and followed an uncommon hot and dry summer. Although the floods of 2023–2024 are well documented through both meteorological and hydrological data, as well as the surrounding context, the floods of 1859–1860 remain poorly constrained. By gathering a wide range of documentary sources and instrumental data, we try to better understand the context and the course of this past sequence of grouped floods, with particular emphasis on the first annual flood, the November 1859 flood. The analysis of similarities and divergences between sequences of past and recent grouped floods makes it possible to improve knowledge of their formation and course in order to better anticipate these particular events in the context of climate change.
Do Academic Libraries Contribute to Students’ and Communities’ Wellbeing?: A Scoping Review
Authors: Suresh Shivani , Lim David , Ekanayake Kanchana , Arora Amit
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Academic libraries offer a range of activities and initiatives for their students and community users. However, wellbeing, as a concept in academic libraries, is not very well defined and is poorly understood. The objective of this scoping review was to examine the role of academic libraries in student and community wellbeing, identify the various kinds of activities and initiatives that they carry out to address their wellbeing, and uncover gaps that might require further research. Methods: An extensive search was conducted in the Library Information Sciences Association (LISA), Education Resources Information Centre (ERIC), Medline (OVID), Scopus, and Web of Science (WOS) databases. Grey literature was searched on a selection of library websites and digital repositories. Data were extracted from studies that met the inclusion criteria for the scoping review. Themes were identified by the authors and reported as a narrative summary. Results: Of the 5437 records identified, a total of 40 documents were included in this scoping review. The authors identified 11 different kinds of activities and initiatives carried out in academic libraries that promote student and community wellbeing, i.e., (1) animal-assisted activities; (2) facilitating dialogues about belonging and identity; (3) fun recreational activities; (4) study support; (5) physical activity promotion; (6) meditation, yoga, and mindfulness; (7) book clubs; (8) art exhibitions; (9) technology and digital support; (10) free food and tea; and (11) health awareness. These activities were found to promote the physical, emotional, and social wellbeing of student and community users. Conclusions: This review highlights the need for further systematic research on the long-term effects of wellbeing initiatives and activities on both student and community users, and how they might impact aspects of wellbeing for specific population groups such as senior citizens and LGBTQIA members. This scoping review demonstrates the potential of academic libraries in promoting health and wellbeing for their users.
Effects of Deficit Irrigation on Growth, Yield, and Quality of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Grown in Semi-Arid Conditions
Authors: Hassan Islam F. , Ajaj Rahaf , Abd El-Khalek Ahmed F. , Alam-Eldein Shamel M. , Gaballah Maybelle S. , Athar Habib ur Rehman , Hatterman-Valenti Harlene M.
Published: January 2025

Water scarcity, especially in countries like Egypt, is one of the biggest challenges facing agricultural development. Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is drought-resistant but only if the irrigation can be optimized. This can be a crucial approach toward the country’s agricultural development. The impact of deficit irrigation on pomegranate growth, yield, and overall fruit quality was observed during this study, which focused on two consecutive years from 2023 to 2024 at a private farm located in El Khatatba, Egypt. It was determined that deficit irrigation of pomegranate was able to achieve a high level of water productivity whilst also achieving a reasonable yield. Trees receiving moderate deficit irrigation had a yield decrease of 10% in comparison to full irrigation; however, this yield decrease did not have a huge overall impact because the level of water saved during the process made up for the reduced yield. Moreover, fruit soluble solids content (SSC) was high when trees received moderate deficit irrigation. Trees that were given severe deficit irrigation had the lowest fruit yields with less juice content, which limits targeted uses like the juice market. Still, these trees produced the highest SSC indicating that sugar becomes concentrated in the fruit when plants are water-stressed. In general, the most efficient treatment was moderate deficit irrigation as it balanced the yield and quality parameters with less water. The resulting data provide assurance that moderate deficit irrigation can be effectively and suitably implemented for pomegranate production in arid regions where water conservation and market quality standards must be satisfied in order to be economically viable. There is also a need to examine the longer-term effects of DI on economic sustainability, plant physiology, and soil biomes.
Effect of Model of Neonatal Care on Neurodevelopment at the 18 Month Follow-Up in Moderate and Late Preterm Infants
Authors: Benzies Karen M. , Bartram Fiona C. , McNeil Deborah A.
Published: January 2025

Background: Preterm birth, even for moderate or late preterm infants (MLPIs), is associated with longer-term developmental challenges. Family Integrated Care (FICare) models of care, like Alberta FICare, aim to improve outcomes by integrating parents into neonatal care during hospitalization. This follow-up study examined the association between models of care (Alberta FICare versus standard care) and risk of child developmental delay at 18 months corrected age (CA) and explored the influences of maternal psychosocial distress. Methods: We assessed 257 mothers and 298 infants from a cluster randomized controlled trial (ID: NCT0279799) conducted in ten Level II NICUs in Alberta, Canada. Risk of delay was assessed using developmental screening tests. Maternal psychosocial distress was assessed using self-reported measures of depressive symptoms, anxiety, parenting stress, and self-efficacy. Results: There was no association between model of care and risk of developmental delay. Higher maternal parenting stress was associated with increased risk of developmental delay. Conclusions: Alberta FICare was not associated with decreased risk of developmental delay at 18 months CA. Maternal parenting stress may play an important role in the development of MLPIs and should be addressed post-discharge.
Publisher’s Note: A New Addition to the MDPI Portfolio—Journal of Eye Movement Research
Authors: Aloè Carla
Published: January 2025

We are delighted to announce that the Journal of Eye Movement Research (JEMR) has joined the MDPI portfolio [...]
Situation Awareness-Based Safety Assessment Method for Human–Autonomy Interaction Process Considering Anchoring and Omission Biases
Authors: Zeng Shengkui , You Qidong , Guo Jianbin , Che Haiyang
Published: January 2025

Autonomy is being increasingly used in domains like maritime, aviation, medical, and civil domains. Nevertheless, at the current autonomy level, human takeover in the human–autonomy interaction process (HAIP) is still critical for safety. Whether humans take over relies on situation awareness (SA) about the correctness of autonomy decisions, which is distorted by human anchoring and omission bias. Specifically, (i) anchoring bias (tendency to confirm prior opinion) causes the imperception of key information and miscomprehending correctness of autonomy decisions; (ii) omission bias (inaction tendency) causes the overestimation of predicted loss caused by takeover. This paper proposes a novel HAIP safety assessment method considering effects of the above biases. First, an SA-based takeover decision model (SAB-TDM) is proposed. In SAB-TDM, SA perception and comprehension affected by anchoring bias are quantified with the Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational (ACT-R) theory and Anchoring Adjustment Model (AAM); behavioral utility prediction affected by omission bias is quantified with Prospect Theory. Second, guided by SAB-TDM, a dynamic Bayesian network is used to assess HAIP safety. A case study on autonomous ship collision avoidance verifies effectiveness of the method. Results show that the above biases mutually contribute to seriously threaten HAIP safety.
Collaborative Optimization of Container Liner Slot Allocation and Empty Container Repositioning Within Port Clusters
Authors: Wang Wenmin , Diao Cuijie , He Wenqing , Jin Zhihong , Yang Zaili
Published: January 2025

The imbalance between supply and demand for slot resources and empty containers has led to resource waste and excessive operating costs for liner companies. Moreover, intense competition among ports has made both container ship slots and port equipment resource allocation inefficient. To address these challenges, this paper aims to solve the collaborative optimization problem of slot allocation and empty container repositioning within port clusters concerning inventory control. A cooperative possession strategy and a hybrid (T, s) inventory control policy are incorporated in this paper. A novel mixed-integer programming model is proposed, enabling us to simultaneously track slot allocation, empty container repositioning, empty container leasing, and slot renting. To solve the model, a new branch-and-bound algorithm based on Lagrangian relaxation and the ascendancy principle (BBLRAP) is developed. Numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm. The results show that the new collaborative optimization method, incorporating the cooperative possession strategy and (T, s) inventory policy, can increase liner company revenues by expanding market share, reducing costs, and improving the utilization of slot resources, ultimately achieving a win–win outcome for both liner companies and their partners. Compared to state-of-the-art studies, the following paper makes new contributions to proposing a cooperative possession strategy within port clusters for the first time. This paper ensures that liner companies and partners achieve a win–win situation in the cooperative game, expanding market shares and improving customer satisfaction.
The Impact of Board of Directors’ Characteristics on the Financial Performance of the Banking Sector in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries: The Moderating Role of Bank Size
Authors: Abiad Zouhour , Abraham Rebecca , El-Chaarani Hani , Binsaddig Ruaa Omar
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the impact of corporate governance characteristics on bank financial performance in Gulf Cooperation Council countries. The board characteristics include board size, board independence, board gender diversity, and CEO duality (CEO is also Board Chair), with bank size as the moderating variable. Sixty-six commercial banks from six Gulf Cooperation Council countries—Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman, and Qatar—are examined from 2019 to 2023 using two-stage least squares and generalized method of moments econometric methods. Board size, board independence, and board gender diversity significantly increase return on assets and return on equity. The impact of CEO duality is mixed. The empirical findings show that CEO duality increases return on equity, with a non-significant impact on return on assets. Finally, results show that bank size moderates the impacts of board size, board independence, and gender diversity in boards on the financial performance of banks. Large banks significantly increase return on assets and return on equity due to the board characteristics examined, to a greater extent than small banks. Bank leaders should expand board membership, and add independent directors and women, to improve financial performance.
Influence of Spray Angle on Scratch Resistance of Cold-Sprayed SS316L Deposits
Authors: Kumar Avneesh , Vostrak Marek , Houdkova Sarka
Published: January 2025

In this study, we investigated the effect of spray angle on the microstructure, bonding quality, and scratch resistance of cold-sprayed SS316L coatings on SS304 substrates. The coatings were deposited at spray angles of 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90° using a high-pressure cold spray system. A comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the spray angle and coating properties was conducted, with a particular focus on fracture toughness and porosity. Scratch testing, combined with real-time acoustic emission monitoring, enabled the precise identification of failure mechanisms and the assessment of coating integrity. The results indicate that microhardness and porosity are significantly influenced by the spray angle. The highest microhardness was achieved at a 45° angle, while a 90° angle resulted in the lowest porosity and superior bonding due to superior normal impact velocity. Fracture toughness was found to correlate with microstructural cohesion and particle deformation. Optimizing the incidence angle improved the coating performance by balancing strain hardening and ductility, thereby reducing the risk of premature failure. These findings are particularly relevant for industrial applications, where wear resistance and high-quality bonding are critical, such as in aerospace, automotive, and marine sectors. By adjusting the spray angles, manufacturers can enhance the longevity and reliability of the coated components, thus reducing maintenance costs and improving performance. This research highlights the importance of process parameters in achieving durable, high-quality coatings and emphasizes scratch testing as an effective, sustainable, and semi-destructive evaluation method for coating integrity.
Comparison of the Effects of Sugammadex Recommended Dose (2 mg/kg) and Fixed Dose of 200 mg on the Reversal of Moderate Neuromuscular Block and Recovery Profile in Adult Patients
Authors: Jung Ji-Yoon , Cho Sung-Ae , Kwon Woojin , Kim Hongwook , Sung Tae-Yun
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Neuromuscular blocking agents are essential to ensure optimal surgical conditions during general anesthesia. Sugammadex, a selective binding agent, is widely used to reverse neuromuscular blockade. While weight-based dosing (2 mg/kg for moderate blockade) is recommended, many clinicians administer a fixed dose of 200 mg in clinical practice, potentially leading to overdosing. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and recovery profiles of weight-based and fixed-dose sugammadex in patients undergoing general anesthesia. Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 20 patients were divided into two groups: the recommended dose group (R group, 2 mg/kg) and the fixed dose group (F group, 200 mg). Primary outcomes included time to achieve a normalized train-of-four (TOF) ratio of 0.9. Secondary outcomes included recovery time, time to spontaneous respiration, response to verbal commands and extubation, and adverse events. Results: The median time to achieve a normalized TOF ratio of 0.9 was 2.3 min in the R group and 2.0 min in the F group (p = 0.529). Secondary outcomes, including recovery time and time to extubation showed no significant differences. Adverse events were minimal and comparable between groups. Conclusions: The fixed-dose sugammadex (200 mg) demonstrated similar efficacy and safety to weight-based dosing (2 mg/kg) in reversing moderate neuromuscular blockade. These findings do not allow abandoning the recommendation of adjustment for body weight, particularly in patients with low body weight or comorbidities.
Beyond Microbial Variability: Disclosing the Functional Redundancy of the Core Gut Microbiota of Farmed Gilthead Sea Bream from a Bayesian Network Perspective
Authors: Moroni Federico , Naya-Català Fernando , Hafez Ahmed Ibrahem , Domingo-Bretón Ricardo , Soriano Beatriz , Llorens Carlos , Pérez-Sánchez Jaume
Published: January 2025

The significant microbiota variability represents a key feature that makes the full comprehension of the functional interaction between microbiota and the host an ongoing challenge. To overcome this limitation, in this study, fish intestinal microbiota was analyzed through a meta-analysis, identifying the core microbiota and constructing stochastic Bayesian network (BN) models with SAMBA. We combined three experiments performed with gilthead sea bream juveniles of the same hatchery batch, reared at the same season/location, and fed with diets enriched on processed animal proteins (PAP) and other alternative ingredients (NOPAP-PP, NOPAP-SCP). Microbiota data analysis disclosed a high individual taxonomic variability, a high functional homogeneity within trials and highlighted the importance of the core microbiota, clustering PAP and NOPAP fish microbiota composition. For both NOPAP and PAP BNs, >99% of the microbiota population were modelled, with a significant proportion of bacteria (55–69%) directly connected with the diet variable. Functional enrichment identified 11 relevant pathways expressed by different taxa across the different BNs, confirming the high metabolic plasticity and taxonomic heterogeneity. Altogether, these results reinforce the comprehension of the functional bacteria–host interactions and in the near future, allow the use of microbiota as a species-specific growth and welfare benchmark of livestock animals, and farmed fish in particular.
From Molecules to Materials, Devices and Processes: The Chemical Basis of Novel Technologies
Authors: Raffaini Giuseppina , Ganazzoli Fabio
Published: January 2025

This Special Issue was launched in connection with the joint XIII National Congress of AICIng (the Italian Association of Chemistry for Engineering) and the II National Congress of the Division of Chemistry for the Technologies of the Italian Chemical Society, held at the Politecnico di Milano (Italy) from 25 to 28 June 2023 [...]
How Phenolic Compounds Profile and Antioxidant Activity Depend on Botanical Origin of Honey—A Case of Polish Varietal Honeys
Authors: Jaśkiewicz Katarzyna , Szczęsna Teresa , Jachuła Jacek
Published: January 2025

Honey contains natural biologically active compounds, and its preventive and healing properties are primarily linked to its antioxidant activity. The antioxidant properties of honey can be related to the botanical origin and content of phenolic compounds. We tested 84 honey samples from Poland, representing eight honey varieties: acacia, phacelia, buckwheat, linden, rapeseed, heather, goldenrod, and honeydew. High-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) was used to determine the phenolic compound composition of honey extracts. Total phenolic compounds (TPC) and DPPH radical-scavenging activity were also evaluated. We detected vanillin aldehyde, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and trans-ferulic acid, as well as flavonoid pinocembrin, in all honey varieties. The results of our study showed that honeys with high antioxidant activity were characterized by significantly higher total phenolic compounds content. Neither clustering method nor principal component analysis (PCA) showed clear separation of each honey variety, possibly due to high intra-variety diversities. We suppose that the variability of qualitative and quantitative phenolic compound composition within honey varieties may result from the region of origin, secondary nectar sources, and the time of harvest.
Hemoglobin Variants as Targets for Stabilizing Drugs
Authors: Žoldáková Miroslava , Novotný Michal , Khakurel Krishna P. , Žoldák Gabriel
Published: January 2025

Hemoglobin is an oxygen-transport protein in red blood cells that interacts with multiple ligands, e.g., oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitric oxide. Genetic variations in hemoglobin chains, such as those underlying sickle cell disease and thalassemias, present substantial clinical challenges. Here, we review the progress in research, including the use of allosteric modulators, pharmacological chaperones, and antioxidant treatments, which has begun to improve hemoglobin stability and oxygen affinity. According to UniProt (as of 7 August 2024), 819 variants of the α-hemoglobin subunit and 771 variants of the β-hemoglobin subunit have been documented, with over 116 classified as unstable. These data demonstrate the urgent need to develop variant-specific stabilizing options. Beyond small-molecule drugs/binders, novel protein-based strategies—such as engineered hemoglobin-binding proteins (including falcilysin, llama-derived nanobodies, and α-hemoglobin-stabilizing proteins)—offer promising new options. As our understanding of hemoglobin’s structural and functional diversity grows, so does the potential for genotype-driven approaches. Continued research into hemoglobin stabilization and ligand-binding modification may yield more precise, effective treatments and pave the way toward effective strategies for hemoglobinopathies.
Evaluation of Intermittent Restricted Eating Using the Interval Weight Loss Online Platform in an Everyday Setting
Authors: Batterham Marijka , Wakefield Bradley
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Obesity remains a global health challenge. Many commercial online weight loss programs are available, and they have advantages in terms of scalability and access. Few of these programs have been evaluated for effectiveness in a real-world context. This study reports on the weight loss achieved, platform engagement, and characteristics of successful weight loss predictions in subscribers to the Interval Weight Loss (IWL) program. The Interval Weight Loss program promotes intermittent restricted eating in addition to lifestyle changes in diet composition, exercise, and sleep. Methods: Data for 1705 adults subscribing to the program for >30 days between 2019 and 2024 were included in the analysis. A linear mixed model with polynomial terms was used to model weight loss over time with interaction terms for gender and age. Survival analysis was used to model the proportions and time frame of those meeting 2%, 5%, and 10% weight loss targets and the proportion meeting their goal weight. The focus of the analysis was on the effect at 365 days. Descriptive data from a subset of participants (n = 205) who completed a questionnaire about change in lifestyle habits and mood are also presented. Results: Of those who stayed in the program for at least 365 days, 25.4% achieved their goal weight, 17.6% achieved a 10% weight loss, and 62% achieved a 5% weight loss. By 49 days, 50% had lost 2% of their weight. Significant interactions indicated that males and females in their 60s and 70s were the most responsive to the program. Conclusions: The online commercial Interval Weight Loss platform based on intermittent restricted eating resulted in significant weight loss in a cohort of subscribers in a real-world setting.
Identification of Health Needs in Ukrainian Refugees Seen in a Primary Care Facility in Tenerife, Spain
Authors: Martín-Dorta Willian-Jesús , Marrero-González Cristo-Manuel , Díaz-Hernández Eva-Lourdes , Brito-Brito Pedro-Ruymán , Fernández-Gutiérrez Domingo-Ángel , Colichón Oxana-Migalievna Rebryk-De , Martín-García Ana-Isabel , Pavés-Lorenzo Estrella , Rodríguez-Santos María-Candelaria , García-Cabrera Juan-Francisco , Núnez-Marrero Janet , García-Hernández Alfonso-Miguel
Published: January 2025

Background: Ukrainian refugees fleeing the conflict between Russia and Ukraine may face significant challenges to their physical, psycho-emotional, social, and spiritual wellbeing. Aim: To identify the health needs of Ukrainian refugees seen in primary care facilities in Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. Methods: A mixed-methods design was employed. Quantitative data were obtained through a descriptive analysis of health records, while qualitative data were collected via focus group interviews and thematic analysis of testimonies. Results: The sample comprised 59 individuals (45.4% of all patients seen). Eight participants from five family groups took part in the focus group. The typical profile of a Ukrainian refugee in the Canary Islands is female (79.7%), relatively young, with a high socio-cultural background, generally in good health, travelling alone or with her minor children. The main reasons for consultation were routine health check-ups and control blood tests. The NANDA-I nursing diagnoses indicated a need for psycho-emotional care, with the most prevalent being Risk for Relocation Stress Syndrome (27.1%); Interrupted Family Processes, Disturbed sleep pattern, Risk for Impaired Resilience (13.6% each); and Anxiety (11.9%). Participants rated the healthcare system positively, but language barriers and long waiting times for access to specific services were noted as limitations. The primary social demands include seeking employment, learning the language, and increasing support groups among Ukrainians themselves. Conclusions: This study underscores the need for a tailored approach to refugee care, considering their unique circumstances and needs. Early provision of information about available healthcare services and protocols can facilitate access, manage expectations, and aid decision-making.
What Is Courageous About Courageous Conversations? Inter-Group Dialogue and the White Problem
Authors: Heter Thunder Storm
Published: January 2025

This essay examines how university inter-group dialogue programs function, arguing that a common dynamic in dialogues about race is that members from privileged, majority groups (e.g., white, cis-het males) turn to members of so-called “minority” groups to disclose personal experiences. This paper examines four dialogue models and describes preliminary data from the Diversity Dialogue Project, a unique social justice dialogue program at a state university in Pennsylvania. Creating all-White groups where participants can probe the White problem may prevent burdening people of color with the role of educator. Campus dialogue programs that emphasize the need to be courageous when talking about race may unintentionally entrench White power.
Effects of Drying Operation on the Mn2+ Removal Activity of MnOx: Performance and Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Ruifeng , Yang Lina , Yang Jing , Niu Qiuyan , Zhu Binrong
Published: January 2025

Mn2+ is a prevalent contaminant in groundwater. In this study, manganese oxides (MnOx) were prepared via a redox method to remove Mn2+ from water. The effects of the drying operation in the preparation process, including heat drying at 20–120 °C with different times and freeze drying methods, on the structural properties, manganese removal performance and mechanisms were investigated. The results indicate that the drying conditions can significantly affect the removal performance and stability of MnOx. The MnOx dried at 50 °C for 12 h exhibited the best Mn2+ removal efficiency and stability, with an adsorption capacity of 125.7 mg/g and removal efficacy of 95.1% after six reuse cycles. The removal pathway experiments revealed that the sample dried at 50 °C for 12 h had superior catalytic oxidation abilities for Mn2+, while other samples removed Mn2+ by primarily relying on the adsorption process. The investigation of the structure revealed that excessive heat drying led to the shrinkage of the oxide particles, a reduction in the surface voids, and a decrease in the hydroxyl groups. Conversely, insufficient drying time or temperatures resulted in high water content in MnOx, which occupied the surface active sites. The XPS analysis indicated that the catalytic oxidation of Mn2+ primarily relied on Mn(III) and adsorbed oxygen on the surface of MnOx. With freeze drying or inadequate heat drying, a large amount of Mn(II) remained on the oxide surface, and the over-drying operation resulted in excessive conversion from Mn(II) to Mn(IV), reducing the catalytic activity and resulting in low removal stability.
Advancing Sustainable Development in Jordan: A Business and Economic Analysis of Electric Vehicle Adoption in the Transportation Sector
Authors: Samawi Ghazi A. , Bwaliez Omar M. , Jreissat Mohannad , Kandas Abdallah
Published: January 2025

This study explores electric vehicle (EV) adoption in Jordan, focusing on key transitional factors. It examines government policies, market dynamics, technological advancements, and infrastructure development through semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, including government officials, industry experts, and consumers. The study provides insights into the economic prospects, infrastructure requirements, and regulatory measures necessary for widespread EV adoption. Government incentives, such as tax exemptions and reduced registration fees, are crucial, but challenges like insufficient charging infrastructure, high initial costs, and limited public awareness persist. Collaborative efforts between the public and private sectors are essential to develop resilient infrastructure, enhance consumer education, and foster technological innovation. The findings underscore the importance of government incentives and coordinated efforts to develop charging infrastructure and raise public awareness. Future research should focus on quantitative methods to validate these findings and explore additional strategies to overcome identified barriers.
Impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 no perfil epidemiológico da dengue em Maceió, Alagoas
Authors: Moura Emilly Gomes de França , Lisboa Letícia de Paiva Lima , Magalhães Júlia Gomes , Souza Mayra de Holanda , Barbosa Lays Silva de Jesus , Lopes Thayanne Mayara de Oliveira , Silva Maria Helena Rosa da
Published: January 2025

O Brasil e suas regiões enfrentam um duplo fardo de surtos devido a dengue e á covid-19. Aqui discutimos os principais impactos da covid-19 no diagnóstico e tratamento adequado da dengue no estado de Alagoas, mais precisamente na cidade de Maceió.Apesar das vias de entrada serem distintas para o SARS-CoV-2 e o vírus da dengue (DENV), ambas as doenças causam uma infecção que manifesta sintomas clínicos parecidos, como febre, cefaleia, dores musculares e sintomas no sistema digestivo.Essa semelhança de sintomas tem sido um dos principais obstáculos para resolução dos quadros e para casos subdiagnosticados.Sendo um quadro preocupante visto que das enfermidades tropicais, a dengue se destacou como uma questão de saúde pública não apenas no Brasil, mas também em várias nações ao redor do mundo, devido à presença de aproximadamente 2,5 bilhões de pessoas em regiões onde o vírus da doença pode ser disseminado.Devido tomadas medidas tardias para o diagnóstico e dessas doenças, houve uma sobrecarga do sistema de saúde devido ao COVID-19, causando um impacto epidemiológico da dengue.As interações entre as epidemias de dengue e COVID-19 no Brasil mostram desafios complexos para a saúde pública, exacerbados pela pandemia de 2020. A coexistência dessas doenças requer estratégias integradas e adaptativas. A COVID-19 sobrecarregou o sistema de saúde, desviando recursos da dengue e outras doenças transmitidas por mosquitos. Restrições de mobilidade durante o isolamento social podem ter alterado os padrões de transmissão da dengue. Fortalecer a vigilância e resposta rápida é crucial para enfrentar futuras crises de saúde pública.
Human Creativity, Perceptual Rigidity, the Media and Conspiracy Theories in the Age of AI
Authors: Fichnová Katarína , Peráčková Veronika
Published: January 2025

The aim of this paper is to investigate the nature of the association between being subject to conspiracy theories and the identified degree of perceptual rigidity based on the Gestalt theory of “pregnänz”. Rigidity is a psychological construct that is considered to be the opposite of human creativity. It encompasses the tendency to create and persistently use mental and behavioral files, and has been confirmed to be positively related to authoritarianism. In contrast, human creativity is associated with cognitive flexibility and critical thinking. In the era of exponential rise of technology and AI, the issue of resistance to deep fakes and conspiracy theories is of utmost importance. The research problems and hypotheses will be tested using statistical procedures, with data and variable identification administered using standardized psychodiagnostic methods (TSD-Z, BRT, CS) on a research cohort of undergraduate students. The results showed insignificant correlations of the observed variables and the links between human creativity and rigidity show a negative relationship. In the case of an insignificant linear relationship between creativity and susceptibility to conspiracy theories, including those generated by AI, the convex shape of the curve indicates another type of relationship. This is a pre-research study to a more broadly conceived project. The results were discussed, and measures were proposed.
Valuing the Human Interaction: Public Sentiment towards Virtual Idols in K-Pop
Authors: Francistyová Bianka
Published: January 2025

The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and its integration into everyday life has spurred a debate on human values and their role in society, especially within creative industry like K-pop. The increasing numbers of virtual idols in the South Korean music industry has prompted debates about their place alongside human idols. Virtual idols, although they have gotten recognition, still face mixed reactions. The aim of this paper is to highlight the current state of sentiment towards K-pop virtual idols, with a primary focus on the motivation behind negative comments using sentiment and topic analysis. As results show, while some fans appreciate the innovation, others criticize virtual idols for lacking personality, fan interaction, and uniqueness compared to human idols. Concerns also arise about the ethical implications, including reduced job opportunities for human idols and a possible loss of creativity in the industry. Despite positive sentiment toward their content, the future of virtual idols in K-pop remains uncertain, as personal interaction is a core aspect of the fan experience.
Artificial Intelligence as a Dimension of the Media Ecosystem: Human-Artificial Intelligence Communication Interaction in Axiological Perspective
Authors: Gáliková Tolnaiová Sabína
Published: January 2025

The author focuses on the realities of AI technology in the digital media ecosystem. She reflects on the issue of “Human-AI” communication interaction. Against the background of a brief sketch of the development of AI technologies and its transformative impact in the field of media and communication, her aim is to clarify the nature of the “Human-AI” communicative interaction from an axiological point of view, to identify its riskiness in the context of the question of the effectiveness or valuable contribution of AI in our communication, and specifically in the segment of social media. Also to reveal or identify the important challenges that face us as human subjects in this context. The author emphasizes not only the social but also the personal dimension of our valuable mastery of communicative interactions with artificial intelligence in the digital media ecosystem, which requires the self-identification of the human subject, its authenticity and ethos of responsibility.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Consumer Decision-Making
Authors: Martovič Matej
Published: January 2025

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) is fundamentally changing the dynamics of consumer decision-making. AI is becoming an integral part of consumers’ lives, influencing not only their preferences but also the ways they interact with brands and products. Through personalized recommendations, big data analytics and automated processes, AI can effectively predict customer needs and expectations, improving their overall experience. This post focuses on the various areas in which AI is influencing consumer decision-making – from predictive analytics to personalized marketing campaigns to the use of chatbots and virtual assistants. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive view of the impact of AI on consumer behaviour and to outline future trends in this area. Drawing on available studies and case studies, including AI applications at companies such as Netflix, Spotify and Sephora, the paper shows how AI can optimise the consumer experience, but also reveals the challenges associated with its implementation.
Utilization of Metaverse and the Potential Role in Education
Authors: Rysuľová Alexandra
Published: January 2025

The metaverse is rapidly emerging as a transformative innovation in education, reshaping traditional learning models through immersive, interactive, and experiential virtual environments. This abstract provides a focused exploration of the metaverse’s integration into educational settings, highlighting its potential to enhance student engagement, democratize access to high-quality resources, and foster creativity and innovation. By enabling dynamic interactions and collaborative learning experiences, the metaverse transcends the limitations of physical classrooms and supports personalized, experiential education. Its ability to simulate complex scenarios and environments offers students opportunities to acquire skills in ways that were previously inaccessible. Additionally, the metaverse facilitates real-time collaboration between educators and learners, enriching the pedagogical process. However, challenges such as high implementation costs, accessibility barriers, and cybersecurity concerns remain obstacles to broader adoption. With strategic investment and policy support, the metaverse has the potential to address these challenges and revolutionize global education systems. Despite these challenges, the metaverse’s evolving technological capabilities and its capacity to address critical educational needs position it as a pivotal force in the future of learning. This analysis underscores the transformative role of the metaverse in education, offering insights into its benefits and the strategies required to overcome adoption barriers.
Artificial Japanese Games Monetization
Authors: Macák Miroslav
Published: January 2025

The Japanese digital games industry has its own distinct creative and monetization practices, which differentiates it from other global production. Despite the numerous contemporary challenges that the industry faces, such as the growth of AI generated content or artificial intelligence threatening to replace positions of artists, monetization has been a problematic topic for decades and still presents a balancing problem for developers and publishers. This case study points out how artificially incorporating additional levels of monetization can impact digital games content as well as its critical reception. The main focus of this article are games which purposefully omit core gameplay elements, in order to sell them as expanded features. We explore the problematic using the example of Dragon’s Dogma 2 and Like a Dragon: Infinite Wealth, which have been heavily criticized for artificially segmenting core parts of the game into purchasable content. We also put the games into the wider context of monetization practices specific for Japanese premium digital games.