bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Aqueous Extract of Vernonia amygdalina (Bitter Leaf) on GASTRIC PH and Serum Bicarbonate of Wistar Rats
Authors: Udeh Winifred C , Obia Onyebuchi
Published: September 2023

Vernonia amygdalina is a shrub commonly consumed in Nigeria as a vegetable in soup. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina on gastric pH and post-prandial serum bicarbonate in wistar rats. A total of 20 male wistar rats weighing 180-250g were divided into four groups of 5 rats each; Group I served as control, Group II received 400mg/kg Aqueous bitter leaf extract, Group III received Omeprazole (20mg/kg) and Group IV received a combination of Omeprazole and Aqueous bitter leaf extract. 45 minutes after administration of the extract, the pH of the gastric effluent decreased significantly whereas the post-prandial serum bicarbonate concentration increased significantly compared to control (p < 0.05). Addition of the extract with omeprazole caused significant reduction in gastric pH but increased serum bicarbonate compared to the omeprazole-only group. The results suggest that the extract would increase gastric acid while preserving the serum bicarbonate. The Aqueous bitter leaf prevented excessive reduction in gastric pH that occurred with the drug alone. Hence, the study concluded that aqueous bitter leaf alone increased the level of gastric acid secreted while in combination with Omeprazole, it acted as a buffer to stabilize the gastric pH
Influence of Parity on Placenta Thickness and Diameter Among Pregnant Women in Usman Danfodio Teaching Hospital Sokoto
Authors: Mairo Ibrahim Tangaza , Gabriel S. Oladipo , Mina E. Longjohn
Published: September 2023

The management of pregnancy requires knowledge of the gestational age. It is usually estimated by ultrasound using parameters like femur length, bi-parietal diameter, and abdominal circumference. A healthy placenta is crucial for fetal well-being, growth, development and neonatal survival. Fetal Sonographic biometric parameters are crucial in obstetric decision making, the placenta’s weight is important in detecting functioning after birth, as placenta’s gross examination could shed light on the new-born’s weight and any pregnancy-related complication fetus .The purpose of the study determine The Influence of Parity on Placenta Thickness and Diameter Among Pregnant Women in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto. A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 72 pregnant women who were between 24 to 40 weeks of gestational age and came for an ultrasound in the Radiology department at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto. Data were collected using proforma. Data was processed using IBM® SPSS version 25 and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The finding of the results reveals majority of the respondents were in the age group 25-29 years. The majority of the mothers were multigravida 60(83.3%) and about 84% of the respondent was multipara. The mean placental diameter and thickness were 14.10 ? 1.4cm and 4.58 ? 4.2cm respectively. The placental thickness and diameter all rise linearly with increased gestational age (r = 0.422, P<0.001, r=0.24, p=0.044, respectively. Placental thickness and diameter are positively correlated with parity and gestational age. (r=0.24, p=0.044 and r=0.24, p=0.040, respectively).it is recommended Placenta thickness and diameter is an index. it is recommended to incorporated measurement of placenta thickness and diameter as a routine into conventional fetal biometric for fetal age estimation and weight during antenatal ultrasound.
Reason for the Uptake of Modern Contraceptive Methods Among Women of Reproductive Age Attending Family Planning Clinic in Bauchi State Specialist Hospital
Authors: Jidauna Florence , Kyamru James Iliya , Muhammad Adamu Muhammad , Ladi Bala Gambo , Jidauna Markus Gabriel
Published: September 2023

The study examined reasons influencing the uptake of modern contraceptive among women of reproductive age attending Bauchi State Specialist Hospital Bauchi. The research objectives are; to determine reasons for the uptake of modern contraceptive; to assess parity in the uptake of modern contraceptive; and, to find out the influence of age in the uptake of modern contraceptive. Descriptive survey research design was adopted and used 1,320 women of reproductive age attending family planning clinic in Bauchi State Specialist Hospital with sample size of 132 (driven by used of Nwana 1990). The purposive sampling technique was used whereby questionnaire used to collect data. Frequency and simple percentage used to analyze data. The findings indicate that birth spacing control, safety, conveniences, affordability, health providers’ influence, easy accessibility, avoidance of pregnancy, spousal influence, and unmet needs were the major reasons for uptake of modern contraceptive family planning in the study areaIt is also concluded that, parity pregnancy and women’s age have influence in the uptake of modern
Effect of Methanolic Extract of Ginger on Gastric PH and Serum Bicarbonate of Wistar Rats
Authors: Obia Onyebuchi , Udeh Winifred C.
Published: September 2023

Ginger plant has a perennial, tuberous root or rhizome. The rhizome which is the horizontal stem from which the roots grow, is the main portion of ginger that is consumed as a spice in dried, preserved and green forms. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of methanolic extract of ginger on gastric pH and post-prandial serum bicarbonate in wistar rats. A total of 20 male rats weighing 180 to 250g were divided into four groups of 5 rats each; Group I served as control, Group II received 100mg/kg methanolic ginger extract, Group III received omeprazole (20mg/kg) and Group IV received a combination of omeprazole and methanolic ginger extract. After 45 minutes of administration of the extract, the pH of the gastric effluent increased significantly whereas the post-prandial serum bicarbonate concentration decreased significantly compared to control (p<0.05). Although Omeprazole caused marked reduction in gastric pH, coadministering with methanolic ginger extract prevented excessive reduction in gastric pH that occurred with the drug alone. In the determination of serum post-prandial bicarbonate level, the methanolic ginger extract group showed levels significantly lower than the control group while the Omeprazole and co-administration groups were significantly lower in comparison with extract group. Hence, the study concluded that methanolic ginger extract alone neutralized gastric acid secreted while in combination with Omeprazole, it acted as a buffer to stabilize the gastric pH.
Moving Workers
Authors: Boris Eileen
Published: September 2023

The moving of workers through international policymaking reflected dominant gendered constructions that stuck to the labor standards regime of the International Labour Organization (ILO). This chapter emphasizes four conceptional categories for moving workers: the pushed movement of “foreign workers,” trafficked movement of women, forced movement of “Native labor,” and necessitated movement of refugees. These constructs emerged at key inflection points: lingering disruptions following World War I, the interwar conundrum over colonial labor, and later economic and geopolitical conflicts. By the twenty-first century, the domestic worker stood as the prototypical migrant but had become a powerful advocate for her own rights.
From the ILO to Intergovernmentalism
Authors: Fanning Charlie
Published: September 2023

After World War II displaced millions, the international response to what policymakers deemed a “surplus population” problem shaped the modern system of global migration management. While the International Labour Organization (ILO) initially had broad support to manage resettlement, its efforts to move migrants were thwarted in 1951 when the United States and other governments worked outside the United Nations to form an alternative organization that is today the International Organization for Migration (IOM). This chapter argues that Western policymakers’ racist and xenophobic ideologies fused with development and anticommunism priorities to supplant the ILO’s nascent normative approaches to migration and establish intergovernmentalism and national control as the basis for global cooperation on migration. A critical lens on this fragmentation illuminates the ideologies underlying today’s rights protection gaps and migration management system.
Rank-and-File Leadership Development and Its Implications for Education Justice
Authors: Terriquez Veronica
Published: September 2023

This chapter focuses on how Service Employees International Union United Services Workers West (SEIU USWW) in Los Angeles prepared Latinx immigrant members to take civic action outside of the workplace, specifically in their children’s schools. It begins by highlighting schools as a site for non-union civic participation for low-income parents and then summarizes prior research showing how unions with a social movement orientation can bolster members’ civic skills and capacities. The chapter also describes SEIU USWW’s Justice for Janitors efforts and organizational structure. Survey and interview data show that the union’s mobilization efforts gave their members valuable experience they could apply to their parental school involvement. This study demonstrates the important role of unions in empowering their members to become civically engaged and to work toward advancing the interests of their children, families, and communities.
Organizing Strategies without Borders
Authors: Gibb Euan , Aguiar Luís LM
Published: September 2023

Siemaco-SP, a union representing and servicing urban cleaners in Sāo Paulo in a context of “neoliberal revenge” evident in regressive labor legislation and deregulation of the employment relationship, partnered with SEIU to enhance its organizing capacity to grow and sustain the union in difficult times. SEIU participated in transforming internal structures including training union leaders and staff and sharpening and enhancing workplace union representation. As a result of this collaboration, Siemaco-SP is much better prepared to survive and even continue to grow despite the declared intentions of employers and government to weaken unions. The data describing this collaboration and change is based on interviews with key union personnel and on analyses of relevant Brazilian literature on union change, economic restructuring, and Siemaco-SP union publications.
The Sexual Politics of Rescue
Authors: Durban Erin L.
Published: September 2023

This chapter marks the emergence of the transnational imperialist discourse of Haiti as inherently homophobic. This emergence is tied to the influence of global LGBTQI rights organizations conducting relief work after the 2010 earthquake. Transnational identity politics produced responses to the disaster that constituted LGBT Haitians as a population in need of rescue from otherwise unlivable conditions. I explain that the central role the global LGBTQI takes in post-earthquake knowledge production about nonnormative gender and sexuality in Haiti results in reaffirming the characterization of the Haitian state as ineffective at best and violent at worst, thereby inviting future rescue missions by Americans and other foreigners to “save” LGBT people.
The Emergence of a Social Movement against Homophobia
Authors: Durban Erin L.
Published: September 2023

This chapter analyzes an emergent social movement by and for LGBT Haitians that coalesced around a shared commitment to challenging homophobia. I mark this emergence as the International Day Against Homophobia (IDAHO) events in 2012, when a variety of organizations—focused on health, advocacy, and activism—collaborated on a 300-person conference against “omofobi” (homophobia) in Haiti. These organizations had different frameworks for theorizing homophobia and enacting antihomophobic politics that came into relief in response to Christian demonstrations against same-sex marriage in 2013. The chapter focuses on the relationship between two collaborating organizations—Fondasyon SEROvie and Kouraj—to trace debates about homophobia in Haiti connected to the influences of evangelical Christianity the global LGBTQI.
Introduction
Authors: Hulden Vilja
Published: September 2023

The introduction lays out the main themes of the book and outlines its structure. The introduction begins by noting that the 1902 report of the United States Industrial Commission praised labor unions as harbingers of more orderly, rational, and democratic labor relations and asks why this emphasis on greater democracy at work did not take hold more broadly despite its popularity then and since. This chapter introduces the major organizational players—the National Association of Manufacturers, the National Civic Federation, the American Federation of Labor—that appear in this book and briefly situates the book in the relevant historiography.
The Battle over Public Opinion
Authors: Hulden Vilja
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses the forces that shaped reporting about labor in newspapers and magazines. It starts by examining the labor press with the aid of a computational analysis using topic modeling and word embeddings, arguing that labor papers were an addition to, not a substitute for, the regular press, a reality that both increased their importance and limited their reach. It next turns to the antiunion publicity campaigns of the National Association of Manufacturers and their use of advertiser pressure and false news stories. Finally, it examines the National Civic Federation’s substantial efforts to influence public opinion, noting that although the NCF conducted some publicity on behalf of the trade agreement, its emphasis was on labor-capital harmony and over time drifted increasingly toward antiradicalism and antisocialism.
Making the MexiRican City
Authors: Fernández-Jones Delia
Published: September 2023

Making the MexiRican City examines the placemaking practices that Mexicans and Puerto Ricans used to make a home for Latinos in Grand Rapids throughout the twentieth century. It reveals how Latinos calculated their strategies in resisting racism and discrimination in Grand Rapids, Michigan— Making the MexiRican City examines the placemaking practices that Mexicans and Puerto Ricans used to make a home for Latinos in Grand Rapids throughout the twentieth century. It reveals how Latinos calculated their strategies in resisting racism and discrimination in Grand Rapids, Michigan—a small city nestled in a region that is pro-business and religiously conservative. This community exemplifies how a numerical minority with limited resources can transform an indifferent, and at times hostile, locale into a setting that meets their material and cultural needs. This book argues interethnic relationships that Latinos formed and sustained were key to this process, especially interethnic families, and the emergence of MexiRicans in Grand Rapids. Mexicans and Puerto Ricans pursued parallel and, at times, interdependent and intersecting journeys to Michigan from the 1920s to the 1970s. Once they arrived, structural forces and their personal agency compelled them to interact as they searched for housing, jobs, and re-created cultural practices. They also fashioned a pan-Latino solidarity that crossed ethnic boundaries to develop a form of institutional activism that emphasized working within the system to advocate for social change alongside Black and white allies. Latinos used this to challenge inequality in antipoverty funding, policing, and education. As this strategy evolved, it exposed and exploited the cracks in both overt and structural racism that bred Latino marginalization.
Tangled with the Police
Authors: Fernández-Jones Delia
Published: September 2023

Chapter 6 discusses how a coalition of Black and Latino organizers used institutional methods of activism and interracial unity to protest police brutality and object to the city’s resistance to hiring Black and Latino police officers. Through engaging with federal policies and eventually suing the City of Grand Rapids, this coalition aimed for inclusion in the police department as a means to stem police abuse. This chapter pays particular attention to white resistance to social progress, including demographic changes to the police department.
Epilogue
Authors: Fernández-Jones Delia
Published: September 2023

The epilogue discusses responses to white attempts to gentrify, or colonize, the places in Grand Rapids created by Latinos and Blacks during the twentieth century. Thanks to ongoing placemaking, immigrants to the area have access to a variety of health, social, economic, and educational institutions. Since the 2000s, the redevelopment of downtown Grand Rapids has placed poorer Latinos at the risk of losing the neighborhoods they spent decades building. Cultura Collective emerged as a powerful voice to contest gentrification using art and community formation to safeguard Latino placemaking from encroaching gentrification.
Introduction
Authors: Mask Mia
Published: September 2023

While dozens of books--popular and academic--have been written about the western genre’s evolution, little has been dedicated to the depiction of Exodusters or African Americans in frontier America. Until recently, the black cowboy experience was nearly absent from cinema studies. Given that cinematic history often replaces historical memory, it is important to address the exclusion of black characters from mainstream westerns. Black Rodeo offers an account of the films and cultural artifacts that represent African Americans. In the 1930s all-Black-cast westerns captivated audiences. Beginning in the 1960s a new breed of revisionist westerns emerged featuring African American actors portraying cowboys and western heroes. Black Rodeo is an examination of the mainstream, independent, and documentary films that featured African American cowboy-hero archetypes
Football Heroes Invade Hollywood
Authors: Mask Mia
Published: September 2023

This chapter is dedicated to western films starring Woody Strode and Jim Brown. Woody Strode was the first Cherokee African American, postwar western icon. Sergeant Rutledge was his initial star vehicle and represented a turning point in his career. Strode pried open the doors for Black actors who came shortly thereafter. Jim Brown was chief among the football-heroes-turned-movie-stars who followed. Viewing these subjects through their performances in westerns sheds light on how they became iconic figures on a continuum of Black masculine superhero archetypes who were deemed marketable as mainstream icons. Achieving even more crossover appeal, Brown pushed the envelope on interracial relationships and machismo as depicted on screen. Outside of the cinema, Brown used his cinematic cultural capital to create monetary capital through the Black Economic Union.
Harlem Rides the Range
Authors: Mask Mia
Published: September 2023

Jeff Kanew’s cinema verité documentary, Black Rodeo, is the focus of this chapter. On September 4, 1971, at Randall’s Island Park in New York City, a bronco-busting, bull-riding rodeo, complete with a traditional Wild West show, took place. But this was not an ordinary rodeo. It was unlike most others because all the cowboys and cowgirls were Black. This chapter provides a close textual analysis of Kanew’s documentary and considers the other narrative westerns that emerged at roughly the same time, including Skin Game, The McMasters, and, shortly after, Thomasine & Bushrod. There is discussion of the intertextuality between Bonnie and Clyde and Thomasine & Bushrod.
Westerns and Westploitation
Authors: Mask Mia
Published: September 2023

Decades after scholars and critics professed the “death of the western,” the genre still informs popular culture. Whether it’s new iterations of older classics like 3:10 to Yuma (2007), True Grit (2010), and The Magnificent Seven (2016), or campy sci-fi movies like Cowboys and Aliens (2011), or popular television shows like Breaking Bad, Justified, Westworld, and The Mandalorian, the genre endures. Black westerns also endure. This chapter demonstrates that from the 1990s, with releases like Posse (1993) and Rosewood (1997) to the new millennium releases Cutting Horse (2002), Django Unchained (2013), and The Harder They Fall (2021), Black filmmakers are committed to producing Black westerns. These films challenge the contrived homogeneity of classical Hollywood westerns with generic revisionism.
A “Responsibility” to Community
Authors: Scott Michelle R.
Published: September 2023

Chapter five views the circuit through the lens of Theater Owners’ Booking Association (T.O.B.A.) audiences and urban black communities. Using a composite of the T.O.B.A. touring schedules of jazz pianist and band leader William “Count” Basie, actor Clarence Muse, actress and vocalist Ethel Waters, and others, the chapter examines how the circuit functioned as an African American entrepreneurial venture within local segregated economies in cities like Chicago, Chattanooga, or Washington, DC. The circuit fostered a reciprocal relationship between its theaters and entertainers and the black communication, transportation, and hospitality industries that catered to the special needs of T.O.B.A.’s traveling shows.
“Trouble in Mind”
Authors: Scott Michelle R.
Published: September 2023

Chapter six documents Theater Owners’ Booking Association (T.O.B.A.) between the 1926–27 season and the onset of the Great Depression. As managers divided their attentions and capital between vaudeville and the growing sound film industry, black vaudevillians weathered dwindling audiences and found their contracts for forty weeks of continuous billing reduced to ten. Ultimately, T.O.B.A. participant public scandals, managerial infighting, increased segregation in white theater spaces, and economic decline contributed to the close of the circuit.
Epilogue
Authors: Scott Michelle R.
Published: September 2023

At its conclusion, this study’s epilogue returns to the few preserved 1920s theaters in Washington, DC; Macon, Georgia; and Indianapolis, Indiana that hosted black vaudeville over a century ago. It reflects upon the Theater Owners’ Booking Association’s legacy in the black entertainment industry in the United States.
“Geographies of Peoples”
Authors: Costaguta Lorenzo
Published: September 2023

This chapter reconstructs how different waves of German immigrants in the U.S. brought along different conceptions of race, and how these differences intertwined with political contestations within the late 1870s socialist movement. Scientific racialism, Darwinism and Marxist internationalism are the key intellectual trends introduced, through the ideas and political trajectories of some leaders of the Socialist Labor Party (SLP). Intertwining intellectual and political history, this chapter suggests that the cooperation between supporters of scientific racialism and supporters of internationalism that existed at the party’s founding began to break apart as early as 1878, as internationalists abandoned the SLP and grew wary of electoral politics. As a result, between 1878 and 1890 a majority who defended scientific racialist principles led organized socialism in the U.S.
“Regardless of Color”
Authors: Costaguta Lorenzo
Published: September 2023

This chapter investigates the attempts of the Socialist Labor Party (SLP) to reach and organize African American workers in the South. By focusing on cases studies such as New Orleans, St. Louis and Cincinnati, and key leaders of the party, such as Peter H. Clark and Albert R. Parsons, this chapter establishes the importance of analyzing the history of Gilded Age American socialism on a local level. Using this approach, it is possible to conclude that not only did the SLP face insurmountable problems given by the lack of party sections in the South, but that this deficiency provoked serious shortcomings in socialist understandings of the reality of post-Reconstruction African Americans. Finally, this chapter discusses the failed attempt of the SLP to join the Greenback-Labor Party at the election of 1880 and the move of several socialists towards the anarchist movement.
Savage Capitalists, Civilized Indians
Authors: Costaguta Lorenzo
Published: September 2023

This chapter chronicles the progressive evolution of socialist racial thought, from paradigms based on scientific racialism and Darwinism to approaches based on anthropological theories. It explores the debate among American socialists vis-à-vis Karl Marx’s own reflections on anthropology, civilization, savagery, and progress, which he undertook in the latest phase of his life (1878-1883), concluding that the “Indian Question” pushed American socialists to challenge their own western-centric views in ways that analyses on Chinese immigration and the African Americans did not.
The Past and the Future of Racial Socialism
Authors: Costaguta Lorenzo
Published: September 2023

This section presents an overview of the history of socialism and race in the twentieth century in the United States. It links the outcome of the debate between internationalism and scientific racialism that took place in the Socialist Labor Party between 1876 and 1899 to further developments in the Socialist Party of America, the Communist Party of the United States and beyond. It establishes the United States as a unique site of experimentation and elaboration of theories of race, class and gender within the global history of the left.
Dyed in Crimson
Authors: Eleff Zev
Published: September 2023

This is a story of how an Irish American millhand and a first-generation American Jew changed Harvard. As a teenager, Bill Bingham swept the floors of Washington Mills in the daytime and attended Lawrence Evening High School at night. The speedy track star showed promise on the local YMCA team, earning him a scholarship at Phillips Exeter and then All-American honors at Harvard College. As a Harvard undergrad, Chicago-born Arnold Horween won the 1920 Rose Bowl that signaled the reemergence of football after World War I. Their parallel stories represented the possibilities of American pluralism and reminded the nation that there was more to sports than winning. Some years later, Bingham was tapped as the first athletic director of Harvard, then part of the three most important programs in American college athletics. He hired Horween, after the latter’s brief stint in the upstart National Football League, to lead the Harvard Crimson football team. Swept up in a new wave of nativism, detractors reveled in the pair’s early defeats and rancorously downplayed their eventual successes. Most observers came to realize just how special that epoch had been. Bingham and Horween broke down the gates of privilege guarding Harvard Yard and replaced them with pathways embossed with honor, courage, and other forgotten notions of the American spirit.
Winning for Winning’s Sake
Authors: Eleff Zev
Published: September 2023

This chapter returns the story to Bill Bingham at Harvard. Just as he was at Exeter, Bingham is the most popular man at Harvard College. He is undefeated as a freshman runner. He is elected to student leadership positions above the football star, Eddie Mahan. Then Bingham starts to struggle. He is overshadowed by University of Pennsylvania phenomenon and Olympic champion Ted Meredith. In these highly discussed duels in collegiate athletics, Meredith wins each time--by inches. Bingham is ashamed of losing, believing that he has let down his many communities and dropped the ball of an “American” narrative that had been crafted around him, for him.
Horween versus McMahon and the Rise of the National Football League
Authors: Eleff Zev
Published: September 2023

Horween captains the Harvard football team in 1920 and then returns to Chicago. There, Arnold and Ralph Horween play in the upstart National Football League for the Chicago Cardinals. At the time, the ranks of professional football players were filled by working-class immigrants. The collegiate (amateur) football community had dismissed professional football as uncouth, much below the standards of college athletics. To avoid rebuke from this community, the Horweens played under an Irish Catholic surname, McMahon. However, their identities were a poorly kept secret. The whole episode betokens the layers of Americanization and how each group related to one another. Meanwhile, Bingham rediscovers the goals of athletics that he had been raised to appreciate and cultivate: courage and sportsmanship over winning.
An Honorable Failure and Satisfactory Game in Every Way
Authors: Eleff Zev
Published: September 2023

This chapter addresses Horween’s first years as Harvard’s coach. Horween hedges in public interviews to placate alumni but is open to introducing at Harvard new football formations, lateral plays, and the forward pass; all elements he learned from his Chicago Cardinal experience. In addition, Horween and Bill Bingham tap Eddie Casey to serve as the freshman coach; an important position that prepares younger material for the varsity squad. Horween struggles, particularly against Yale. The 1926 season is marred by a bloody bout between Harvard and Princeton. Harvard decides to boycott Princeton, once again flouting tradition. That the team isn’t winning places both men in poor stead. The alumni call for Casey to replace Horween and all three men demand patience under this severe pressure.
The Crusade to Keep Football a Game
Authors: Eleff Zev
Published: September 2023

This chapter focuses on Arnold Horween’s and Harvard’s turnaround in 1928. The students, more than anyone else, perhaps including Bill Bingham, testify to Horween’s impact. Harvard begins to recognize that athletics is not all about winning. The college becomes more aware of a culture change. Harvard beats a weak Yale team to end its losing streak against the Elis. Still, antisemitism and general negativity toward Horween and his newfangled ideas persists. The chapter concludes with the 1929 football season. After a successful 1928 campaign, Harvard is still not the favorite in their group. Albie Booth emerges as Yale’s peerless star. Nonetheless, Harvard, led by Horween and quarterback Barry Wood, beats Yale in dramatic fashion.
GESTÃO ESTRATÉGICA DE CUSTOS E ISOMORFISMO EM MICRO E PEQUENAS EMPRESAS DE TRÊS SETORES
Authors: Callado Antônio André Cunha , Silva Jessica Ellany Oliveira , Fernandes Aline Araújo , Callado Aldo Leonardo Cunha
Published: September 2023

Micro e pequenas empresas possuem estruturas administrativas e operacionais bem simples. A partir dessa premissa, se espera que suas práticas referentes à gestão estratégica de custos se assemelhem entre si, independentemente dos setores de atividade econômica dos quais façam parte. O objetivo deste artigo é investigar práticas de gestão de custos entre micro e pequenas empresas que atuam nos setores comercial, industrial e de prestação de serviços em busca de evidências de isomorfismo mimético. Para a realização desta pesquisa, foram analisadas noventa empresas de micro ou pequeno porte. Quatro grupos de variáveis foram analisados: experiência dos gestores, aspectos mercadológicos, aspectos organizacionais e aspectos técnicos da gestão estratégica de custos. Os dados foram coletados a partir da realização de um survey. Duas técnicas estatísticas foram utilizadas: teste de Kruskal-Wallis e teste U de Mann-Whitney. Os resultados obtidos apresentam evidências estatísticas significativas sobre semelhanças acerca das práticas referentes à gestão de custos indicando a presença de isomorfismo mimético entre elas.
Focalización y topicalización en los enunciados quechuas: un repaso a la gramática funcional del runasimi
Authors: Palomino Gonzales Niel A.
Published: September 2023

El presente artículo tiene como finalidad realizar un repaso sobre la gramática funcional del quechua. Es decir, explora, muestra y explica las funciones comunicativas y pragmáticas de tópico / comento, soporte/ aporte y el fenómeno de focalización en los enunciados quechuas. En el quechua, el tópico es marcado por   los sufijos –qa y –ri y los focalizadores o marcadores de relieve son los sufijos  –pas, –mi, –lla (n), –ña, –ta(n), –paq, –pi(n), –wan, entre otros.
Grado de correlación entre la gestión del conocimiento y la satisfacción laboral en las instituciones educativas del nivel inicial de la ciudad de Puno
Authors: Sarita Duran Chambilla Sarita
Published: September 2023

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo el objetivo principal de determinar el grado de correlación que existe entre la gestión del conocimiento y la satisfacción laboral en las instituciones educativas del nivel inicial de la ciudad de Puno, durante el año escolar 2017; siendo los objetivos específicos: Evaluar la definición de las tareas pedagógicas para el año escolar correspondiente. Evaluar la responsabilidad con la que las docentes asumen las tareas pedagógicas que se les asignó para el año escolar correspondiente. Señalar la frecuencia con que las docentes se innovan cognoscitivamente para su mejor desempeño pedagógico durante el año escolar. Evaluar la promoción del aprendizaje y la enseñanza en las docentes para su mejoramiento profesional continuo durante el año escolar. Identificar el nivel de satisfacción interna que manifiestan las docentes durante el año escolar 2017 e Identificar el nivel de satisfacción externa que manifiestan las docentes durante el año escolar 2017. El tipo de investigación al que corresponde esta investigación, según su propósito es la investigación básica, el diseño de investigación que se asume es el diseño no experimental correlacional de causa y efecto, los resultados de la investigación demuestran que existe una correlación muy alta entre la gestión del conocimiento y la satisfacción laboral en las instituciones educativas del nivel inicial de la ciudad de Puno, durante el año escolar 2017.
Desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en niños de educación primaria
Authors: Karina Jessica Choque Ito Karina Karina
Published: September 2023

El propósito de la educación no es tanto enseñar al estudiante una multitud de conocimientos fácticos, sino que adquiera independencia intelectual. Esto se puede lograr con el desarrollo de destrezas de orden superior como el pensamiento crítico que implica reflexionar, efectuar deducciones, conclusiones y tomar decisiones. Por lo que la investigación tuvo como objetivo demostrar la importancia del desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en la formación de los niños de educación primaria. Se utilizó un método cualitativo de tipo exploratorio-documental, la bibliografía consultada para la revisión bibliográfica fue recuperada de las publicaciones emitidas por bases de datos reconocidas e indexadas, manteniendo como criterio la actualidad de los mismos correspondiente a los últimos 10 años; se analizó su conceptualización, habilidades que lo componen, refiriendo las características del pensador crítico, algunas estrategias para su desarrollo, evaluación y algunas dificultades de su manejo dentro del aula arribando a la conclusión que, el pensamiento crítico es esencial para la enseñanza del estudiante de primaria que con el fin de aprender y aplicar el pensamiento crítico, deben desarrollar independencia intelectual, imparcialidad, perspicacia, integridad, perseverancia, confianza en sí mismos, e interés por la investigación, resolución de problemas, toma de decisiones y capacidad de acceder a la información. En la educación primaria se deben adoptar actitudes que promuevan el pensamiento crítico y movilicen las habilidades del razonamiento crítico, resaltando que la formación de estudiantes capaces de pensar críticamente, beneficia al sistema educativo y a la sociedad en general.
Realidad de las universidades puneñas (Perú) al 2020
Authors: Alanoca Arocutipa Vicente , Apaza Ticona Jorge , Maquera Yuselino , Ticona Cesario , Ancco Loza Rodolfo
Published: September 2023

La investigación aborda la realidad de las cuatro  universidades asentadas en la región Puno (Perú) al 2020, como son: la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano (UNA); Universidad Andina Néstor Cáceres Velásquez (UANCV); Universidad Nacional de Juliaca (UNAJ), y la Universidad Privada San Carlos (UPSC). Desde el año 2014 en el Perú con la dación de la Ley Universitaria Nº 30220 se viene exigiendo la acreditación y licenciamiento a las universidades por parte del Sistema Nacional de Evaluación, Acreditación y Certificación de la Calidad Educativa (SINEACE) y la Superintendencia Nacional de Educación Superior Universitaria (SUNEDU). Cada uno viene afrontando según sus posibilidades.
Descripción y análisis crítica de la educación estatal en la nación Asháninka de Pichis en Puerto Bermudéz: Subalternización y colonialidad del saber
Authors: Machaca Mamani Nestor Richar
Published: September 2023

El artículo contiene, la descripción de la educación estatal en la nación asháninka de Pichis a partir de las categorías operativas, subaltenización y colonialidad del saber. En ese sentido el artículo plantea que los asháninka de Pichis son asistidos por una educación estatal occidente-centrizado, debido a que, la enseñanza en los estudiantes asháninka es introducida e impartida bajo los parámetros y los valores de la cultura occidental o de la sociedad dominante que solamente contribuye la formación de una ciudadanía sin la diversidad cultural y lingüística. En consecuencia, los estudiantes y en general los asháninka son estereotipados como sociedades del pasado en muchos de los casos son catalogados como sociedades que necesitan ser civilizados y; mientras que los profesores de la educación intercultural bilingüe son vistas como alguien que retrocede al pasado. Por consiguiente, con frecuencia los profesores expresan que solamente con la educación se puede civilizar a los asháninka: la expresión propia del colonialismo. Mientas las comunidades se articulan en el marco de los valores y saberes internos implícita y explícitamente estructurados en el interior del pueblo asháninka. Asimismo, el tema de la interculturalidad no es entendida en los profesores de educación primaria y secundaria. En ese sentido planteamos, la construcción de la ciudadanía comunitaria indígena a partir del fortalecimiento de los valores y las identidades culturales, defesa de la tierra y territorial, para ello, se plantea la formación de profesionales no eurocéntricas capaces de moverse en lógicas y racionalidades distintas, que los modus operandi de los profesores del sector educación, se adecuen a los modus vivendi de los pueblos indígenas.
Idiomas indígenas originarios campesinos en el Estatuto Autonómico Departamental La Paz - Bolivia
Authors: Paye Paye Mariano
Published: September 2023

Este trabajo explica en líneas generales y conceptuales la investigación de idiomas indígenas originarios campesinos en el estatuto autonómico departamental de La Paz - Bolivia. El método usado para la elaboración del presente artículo consistió en la revisión de bibliografía (libros, revistas y artículos periodísticos) y etnografías in situ, además de la categorización y análisis hermenéutico de la información recolectada en el contexto de Bolivia (departamento de La Paz y Oruro) y Perú (Puno). El resultado obtenido muestra que las lenguas originarias no están incluidas e incorporados en su integridad en el estatuto autonómico del departamento de La Paz, ya que existen 13 lenguas originarias: qhichwa, aymara, uchumat'aqu, machajuyay-kallawaya, wayayachi-mullu, takana, mosetén, chimán, ese ejja, leco, mojeño-trinitario, araona y toromona, asimismo, ninguna lengua está a salvo de extinguirse.
Post-Alfabetización y empoderamiento de roles de las mujeres aymaras de Chua Cocani
Authors: Paye Chipana Rebeca
Published: September 2023

El presente texto trata de comprender como una política pública denominada “Yo, sí puedo seguir” puede incidir en el empoderamiento de los roles reproductivos, productivos y comunitarios de las mujeres aymaras de Chua Cocani, tomando en cuenta que los roles son construcciones socioculturales que definen a la mujer como mujer y al hombre como hombre, y estas construcciones o pautas culturales determinan los imaginarios de la sociedad. Para abordar el tema de investigación se efectuó la revisión bibliográfica y trabajo de campo con el uso método etnográfico, recolectando información visibilizando la realidad desde la voz de las mujeres que fueron parte del proceso de implementación del programa de post-alfabetización. Tendiendo como resultados que existe una incidencia tibia en el empoderamiento de roles de las mujeres, por ejemplo, en el rol comunitario ha incidido de alguna manera en aspectos que podrían propiciar mayor participación de las mujeres en espacios políticos, el sentir interés por las asambleas en la comunidad, asimismo, se puede notar que no se han desnaturalizado pautas culturales, valores y prejuicios que impiden a las mujeres un mayor empoderamiento.
Redes sociales en la comercialización de ganado vacuno waka qhatu de la comunidad de Ancasaya – El Collao, 2021
Authors: Candro Candro Edwin Daniel , Arocutipa Nina José Luis
Published: September 2023

Los pueblos ancestrales en los andes han desarrollado diversas actividades comerciales, la feria de ganado vacuno es una de las actividades más importantes que se han instituido en diferentes pueblos y lugares de la región altiplánica, Ilave es una zona ganadera donde cada domingo se realizaba la feria denominada waka qhatu, desde el 2018 ha cambiado de lugar, el cual ha generado enfrentamientos entre las zonas territoriales y autoridades del gobierno local, por ello, es necesario conocer ésta situación. En esa perspectiva, el objetivo de la presente pesquisa es identificar las redes sociales en la comercialización de ganado vacuno waka qhatu en la comunidad de Ancasaya- El Collao, 2021. La metodología utilizada es de tipo cualitativo, etnográfico y hermenéutico, a partir de las entrevistas y grupos focales a los informantes claves se ha recopilado los datos y luego fueron sistematizados. Los resultados se abordan en dos partes, en primer lugar, se describe las redes sociales en el proceso de comercialización y en segundo lugar explica y analiza las capacidades y actividades que desarrollan los pobladores. Se concluye, en la identificación y la vigencia de redes sociales en la comercialización de ganado en los pueblos de la sierra, en este caso en la localidad de Ilave, los cuales deben ser tomados en cuenta todo proceso y aplicación de programas y acciones de desarrolló desde los diferentes niveles y espacios de intervención, como los gobiernos locales y regionales.
Los aymaras y el aymara en el tiempo
Authors: Yanqui Mamani Yuri Dayse
Published: September 2023

Los reinos aymaras también conocidos como los reinos lacustres, se desarrollaron tras la caída de la cultura Tiahuanaco, que hacia el intermedio tardío se desintegro y dio paso a los también conocidos como señoríos aymaras; estos se encontraban ubicados en la meseta del Collao y principalmente en las riberas del lago Titicaca; estos reinos compartían aspectos y formas de vida en común como son: su cosmovisión y sus dioses, el culto a los muertos (chullpas), el idioma y una rivalidad en común. Posteriormente serian conquistados por los incas, pasando a ser denominados como los collas o el Collasuyo, más adelante sufrirían los estragos de la conquista española; posterior a los gritos de independencia, mas halla de darles su propia nación se vieron divididos en cuatro países; a pesar de esta separación de banderas y nacionalidades, al igual que en el apogeo de los reinos lacustres, hoy en día comparten idioma, sincretismo religioso, usos y costumbres, una fuerte identidad denominada como la “nación aymara” y por supuesto una rivalidad como ciudadanos de cuatro países diferentes. El legado arquitectónico más resaltante atribuido a los aymaras, son los hoy conocidos como chullpas o torres funerarias. Por otro lado, la economía aymara también se ha ido adaptando a las dinámicas de un mundo moderno y globalizado; en cuanto a su religiosidad, se mantienen algunas cosmovisiones ancestrales sincretizando con el catolicismo; por el lado de su idioma, a diferencia de mediados del siglo pasado, esta ha ido cobrando relevancia y son idiomas oficiales en dos países.
Cuerpos que hablan desde las tierras originarias: una revisión microsocioterritorial a las comunidades de K´enkonay, Vilcabamba y Toctohuaylla
Authors: Quispe-Sanabria Flor Marcela
Published: September 2023

Reconocer los intentos de monopolización cultural que viene de los sistemas dominantes hacia los pueblos originarios, es una necesidad urgente para los habitantes del Ombligo del Mundo, más todavía, para los actores educativos que deconstruyen su mirada hacia la reivindicación de su legado histórico. El objetivo del estudio es interpretar y valorar las tierras originarias olvidadas en la región de Cusco, taxativamente de tres comunidades: K´enkonay, Vilcabamba y Toctohuaylla, todos ellos ubicados en el distrito de Huanoquite. El constructo metodológico se sustenta en el enfoque cualitativo de revisión documental acompañado de entrevistas en profundidad, los cuales fueron categorizados e interpretados manteniendo la esencia de los tres actores vinculantes. Los resultados develan que la memoria histórica de los pueblos originarios está siendo erosionado por los tentáculos de la globalización y, si esto continúa, el idioma quechua podría estar en peligro de extinción. Se concluye que, la persistencia de los pueblos mencionados hacia los intentos de colonización cultural de los bloques del primer mundo, pueden ser superados a través de políticas públicas eficientes de contenido fronterizo formulados desde la estructura del Estado peruano y una educación bajo la competencia de saberes y sentires.
Derecho a la protesta y represión estatal un estudio de caso en perspectiva comparada del Baguazo (Perú) y del Tipnis (Bolivia).
Authors: Gutierrez Anculle Mirian Celeni , Cordova Quispe Mireya Briggite , Comeca Genebroso Lady Anne
Published: September 2023

El Baguazo representó un hito en la historia peruana en torno a los conflictos socioambientales y el reconocimiento del derecho a la protesta por parte de las comunidades amazónicas con el objetivo de derogar decretos legales que establecen nuevas formas de administración del territorio indígena. Así mismo, en el caso de Bolivia, se resalta que el conflicto del Territorio Indígena del Parque Nacional Isiboro Sécure (Tipnis) gira en torno a los derechos ambientales, indígenas y a las nuevas formas de desarrollo. En ese sentido, la pregunta rectora de la investigación es ¿Cuál ha sido la relación entre la movilización social y represión estatal en contextos de conflictividad territorial en los casos emblemáticos de “El Baguazo” (2008-2009) en Perú y “Tipnis” (2011) en Bolivia”?. Por lo mencionado, el estudio tiene como objetivo analizar los puntos de convergencia y divergencia mediante el análisis empírico comparativo de las movilizaciones sociales y la represión estatal en contextos de conflictividad territorial de Perú y Bolivia. Por último, los resultados preliminares evidencian que existe una relación cercana entre la movilización y la represión estatal debido a la defensa de sus territorios, por lo que el Estado ejerce la represión como una forma de amedrentamiento y atropello a los derechos humanos, entre ellos, el legítimo derecho a la protesta.
Transición e insatisfacción democrática: Análisis comparado de factores en el Perú (2000-2003)
Authors: Perales Lamas Angel Alberto
Published: September 2023

El trabajo plantea descifrar posibles alteraciones en los factores determinantes en la satisfacción democrática durante el periodo de transición en Perú. Se procesan datos del latinobarómetro de manera en la que, por medio de una regresión logística binaria por pasos hacia atrás, se puedan resolver variables relevantes a la dependiente (satisfacción democrática) en cada uno de los años de estudio comparativo (2000 y 2003). Esto se tabula de manera en que se pueda exponer la diferencia entre la significancia de cada dimensión en un año con respecto al otro. Finalmente, haciendo uso del gráfico por dimensión procedural propuesto por la teoría planteada de Leonardo Morlino se elabora un modelo desde el que se pueden visualizar los cambios en la significancia relacional o interna de las tres dimensiones. Se concluye que es correcta la existencia de una alteración en el proceso y una renovada relación entre factores determinantes.