bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-2 Functions in Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Cells through Augmentation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases 1/2 Activation
Authors:   Department of Pathology, the Methodist Hospital and the Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA, Zu Youli , Ito Masanori , Zhao Nianxi , Zeng Zihua , Zhou Xiaobo , Chang Chung-Che
Published: September 2023

In addition to intrinsic genetic alterations, the effects of the extrinsic microenvironment also play a pathological role in cancer development. Altered chemokine/cytokine networks in the tumor microenvironment may contribute to the dysregulation of cellular functions in cancer cells. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is an aggressive T-cell lymphoma caused by abnormal expression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase due to a chromosomal translocation. Notably, ALCL cells are also characterized by high-level expression of the high-affinity IL-2 receptor subunit CD25 on the cell surface. However, whether the IL-2/IL-2 receptor functions in ALCL cells and how this signaling affects the tumor remain unclear. In this study, we treated cultured ALCL cells with exogenous IL-2 and examined changes in cellular function and signaling pathways. IL-2 stimulated cell growth and augmented activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway. Additionally, IL-2 enhanced lymphoma cell survival by overcoming kinase inhibitor U0126-induced growth arrest and apoptosis. Subsequently, to identify the potential source of IL-2for lymphoma cells in vivo, we performed gene expression and immunochemical analyses. RT-PCR revealed no IL-2 gene expression in cultured ALCL cells and ruled out the possibility of an IL-2 autocrine loop. Interestingly, immunostaining of lymphoma tumor tissues showed IL-2 protein expression in background cells within tumor tissue, but not in ALCL cells. Our findings demonstrate that IL-2 signaling plays a functional role in ALCL cells, and enhances lymphoma cell survival by increasing activation of the ERK1/2 pathway.
Liquid Chromatographic Methods for the Determination of Vildagliptin in the Presence of its Synthetic Intermediate and theSimultaneous Determination of Pioglitazone Hydrochloride and Metformin Hydrochloride
Authors:   Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, KasrEl-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt, Ayoub Bassam M. , El-Bagary Ramzia I. , Elkady Ehab F.
Published: September 2023

Two reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (RP-LC) methodsare described for the determination of two binary mixtures of hypoglycemic agents. In the first method,vildagliptin (VDG) was determined inthe presence of 3-amino-1-adamantanol(AAD),a synthetic intermediate and impurity of VDG.In the second method, pioglitazone hydrochloride (PGZ) and metformin hydrochloride (MET) weresimultaneously determined in their binary mixture.Chromatographic separation in the two methods was achieved on a Symmetry® Waters C18 column (150mm×4.6mm, 5μm).In the first mixture, isocratic elution using a mobile phase of potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer pH (4.6) -acetonitrile-methanol(30:50:20,v/v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL min-1 with UV detection at 220 nm was performed. In the second method, isocratic elution based on potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer pH (4.6)-acetonitrile (60:40, v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL min-1 with UV detection at 210 nm was performed. Linearity, accuracy and precision were found to be acceptable over the concentration ranges of 5-200 μgmL-1,0.5-3 μgmL-1 and 10-150 μgmL-1 for VDG, PGZ and MET, respectively. The optimized methodswere validated and proved to be specific, robust, precise and accurate for the quality control of the drugs in theirpharmaceutical preparations.
Mutagenic and Genotoxic Effect of Hydroxyurea
Authors:   Lapdesf - Laboratorio de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Farmacos. Departamento de Farmacos e Medicamentos - Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP) Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km.01 s/n , 14801-902, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brasil, Santos Jean L. , Varanda Eliana A. ,   Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas - Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP) Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km.01 s/n , 14801-902, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brasil, Bosquesi Priscila L. , Almeida Adélia E. , Chin Chung Man ,   Lapdesf - Laboratorio de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Farmacos. Departamento de Farmacos e Medicamentos - Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP) Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km.01 s/n , 14801-902, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brasil
Published: September 2023

The hydroxyurea, a cytotoxic drug, is the mainly available therapeutical strategy for the treatment of sickle cell disease. This study aimed to evaluate the mutagenic and genotoxic potential of the hydroxyurea through the Salmonella/Microsome assay and micronucleus test in peripheral blood of mice.The doses were evaluated at 29.25-468 μmol/plate in Salmonella/Microsome assay in presence and absence of metabolic activation the drug. In the micronucleus test the doses were evaluated at 12.5; 25; 50; 75 and 100 mg/kg. The results show that hydroxyurea present mutagenic activity in TA98 and TA100 in doses above 117 μmol/plate and 234 μmol/plate respectively. The drug induced a significant increase in the frequency of micronuclei in reticulocytes of mice at concentrations of 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg, compared to negative control (water). These results demonstrated the mutagenic and genotoxic potential of hydroxyurea.
Nature of Responsibility of Regional Heads in the Organization of Regional Government
Authors: Ramadhan Muhammad Rohady
Published: September 2023

The accountability of Regional Heads in regional government is a fundamental aspect that cannot be ignored. This is a realisation of the authority they receive and plays a key role in preventing abuse of authority. This responsibility includes strategic decision-making, budget management, and implementation of policies that affect society at the regional level. In this case, accountability is a defence against potential abuse of authority and violations of the principles of good governance. This is also related to transparency and accountability, allowing the public to monitor Regional Heads' actions closely. This accountability also reflects democratic principles where public officials, including Regional Heads, are responsible to the communities they serve. To carry out accountability effectively, a strong legal framework is needed that regulates the nature and mechanisms of accountability. This includes regulations and laws that regulate the duties and responsibilities of Regional Heads. Thus, the accountability of Regional Heads is an integral element in maintaining a regional government that is effective, transparent and by democratic principles.
The effect of plant pesticide Tondxir against the stored product Moth, Ephestia cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Swedaan Samah Sami , Al-Zurfi Sienaa
Published: September 2023

T Many plant extracts could be considered natural, effective methods for controlling insect pests instead of synthetic chemicals. The current examination was designed to assess the mortality percentages of the plant-based pesticide Tondxir on the date moth Ephestia cautella. A series of experiments were carried out in the laboratory to evaluate the pesticide Tondxir's effectiveness in controlling the second and fifth larval stages and the adults of t he date moth. The highest percentage of mortality rates for the second larval stage reached 100% after 5 days at a concentration of 3 ml/liter. However, the mortality rates of the fifth stage and the adult of E. cautella reached 42.14% and 17.50% after two weeks of treatment. A direct relationship was found between the increase in mortality rates with increasing pesticide concentration.  The highest percentage of mortality was increased in the fifth larval stage of E. cautella, and they reached 42.14% at the third concentration, compared with the rest of the concentrations. The lowest mortality rate was for the concentration (1ml/liter), as the mortality rate reached (26.07) after 14 days of treatment.
Survey the Crystal Type and Physiochemical properties of Isolated Starch Form Some Iraqi and Imported Genotypes of Corn (Zea Mays) Cultivated in Sulaimani-Iraq
Authors: Tarkhani Maki Mohammed Ahmad , Zainulabidden Muhammad Wajeeh M. Saeed
Published: September 2023

The objective of this study is to conduct a survey comparing ten different genotypes of corn. (zea mays L.) cultivated in Qlyassan research station of College of Agricultural Engineering Science, were to find out the type of crystalline form of starch extracted from studied corn genotypes. There were significant differences between the studied corn genotypes in the chemical composition, especially amylose and amylopectin, in which the amylose range was between 19.935 and 31.095 there were also differences in the mean sizes of the starch granules which was 12.795 to 15.915 m, as well as for Gel consistency, despite of significant differences between corn genotypes starch, all genotypes undergo to soft gel consistency, but all of these were not have affects the type of amyloid crystal, which was type A.
Effect of sprayed different concentrations of Moringa oleifera leaves extract on broiler breeder hatching eggs
Authors: Sulaiman Bnar F.
Published: September 2023

This research aimed to study the impact of spraying different Concentrations of Moringa oleifera leaves Extract on Broiler Breeder Hatching Eggs. The results cleared that, at 18th day the egg weight ranged from 60.50 in the group treated with 5 % M. Water extract to 62.16 gm in control group. While, the egg losses observed in group 4 that, treated with 2 % M. water extract that was 20.56 % at 21st day. The higher hatchability % of total eggs showed in control group that was 69.70 %. While, the hatchability % of fertile eggs showed a higher percentage in group 5 that treated with 5 % M. Water extract that was 99.02 %. The higher percentage of  dead embryo observed in control group that was 9.10 % and the lower level observed in the group 2 that treated with 2 % M. Alchole exteract that was 5.46 %. The total aerobic bacteria counts at 18th day of incubation showed a lower level in group 5 that treated with 5 % M. water extract that was 7.88. while, the activity of chicks and in abnormal chicks increased in group that treated with 5% M. Water extract that was 8.96 % and 2 % respectively. Overall, the higher concentration of Alchole extract of  M. olifera , increased the weight of hatching eggs with a reduction in total egg losses,% of the eggs. While, the higher concentration of the water extract of M. olifera improved the hatchability % a reduction in total aerobic counts on the egg shell and improved chick quality and activity.
Evaluation the efficacy of Leea indica leaves aqueous extract against nephrotoxicity induced by Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in male rats
Authors: Kazam Mustafa Abd-Alhussein , Alsalame Heba A. Abd-Alsalam
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study is to find out the quality of the aqueous extract of leea indica leaves in protecting kidney tissues from oxidative stress caused by DEN. Forty adult males were randomly assigned in four equal sets (ten animals per set), the (G1) They were given 1 ml of normal water, a control set was returned, and the  G2 given200 mg/kg of DEN two days , while the G3 given 60 mg/kg of leea indica leaves, while the animals of thegiven G4 200 mg/kg of DEN.  And 60 mg/kg of L.indica extract.  FINDINGS When the albino rat was dosed with leea indica aqueous extract, the kidney damage induced by DEN was significantly decreased.  The extract worked to mitigate kidney damage caused by DEN, which was demonstrated in histological examination by atrophy of the renal glomerulus and shrinkage of the glomerulus.  Urinary tubules break down with hemorrhage. We conclude from the current study that the aqueous extract of the leaves of the bandicoot berries contributed to the reduction of hepatotoxicity induced by diethyl nitrosamine.
Competency needs of extension agents in disseminating weather fore-cast information in Kwara state, Nigeria
Authors: L Abdulrahman, O. , O Ifabiyi, J. , S Salami, O. , T Ibrahim, M.
Published: September 2023

Agricultural extension agents play crucial roles in the dissemination of innovation and enhancement of the productivity of the farmers in Nigeria. The research examined the competency needs of extension agents in Kwara State, Nigeria. About 117 extension agents were selected for the study. Statistical tools such as frequency count, percentage and mean score were used to analyse the data. The result revealed about 54.7 % of the respondents were male, the average age of the respondents was 44.9 years and the mean income of the respondents was 49461.38 Naira. The training sessions (̅mean=2.36) was most important source of information on weather forecast. The rainfall variability (MWDS= 0.458) was the highest ranked area of competency needs of extension agents. The inadequate facilities to disseminate weather forecast information (mean=2.38) was the most severe factor limiting dissemination of weather forecast information. The study recommended the provision of timely and accurate information on weather forecasts to the extension agents so that the farmers would make use of it at the right time.
Whole genome characterization, recombination, variation, satellites and phylogeny analyses of Tomato leaf curl Palampur virus infecting courgetti squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) in Iraq
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed S. , Lahuf Adnan A.
Published: September 2023

Durning season of 2021-2022, symptoms of leaf curl, yellowing, crumpling and stunting were observed commonly on courgetti crop in Al-Yusufiyah region, Baghdad Province, Iraq. Diseased courgetti leaves were collected randomly and sent for sequencing with Illumina MiSeq. Pairwise nucleotide analysis of the assembled contigs revealed the maximum identity of 98-99% and 95-99% with Tomato leaf curl Palampur virus (ToLCPalV) for DNA-A and DNA-B components, respectively. The DNA-A component (OQ693629.1) contains six main genes encoding six proteins, while DNA-B component (OQ693630.1) comprises only two genes encoding two proteins, with the presence of non-coding regions between genes in both the two segments. Furthermore, the recombination breakpoint analysis shows that ToLCPalV Baghdad-1/Iraq segment DNA-A (OQ693629.1) and ToLCPalV isolate Mosul segment A (OR052249.1) are the parent of the recombinant isolates: ToLCPalV isolate Kufa segment DNA-A (OP810506.1) and ToLCPalV segment A (ON254271.1) from Karbala. However, the ToLCPalV Baghdad-1/Iraq segment DNA-B (OQ693630.1) with ToLCPalV segment DNA-B (OP620406.1) from Kufa are the parent of ToLCPalV isolate Babylon1 segment DNA-B (ON229620.1). As well as, there was no evidence discovered for the association of alpha- and/or beta-satellites with ToLCPalV infecting courgetti crop. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) analysis indicates a common genetic variation within the current isolate under study and the other Iraqi isolates. Phylogenetic analysis confirms the genetic relationship between the genomics components of Iraqi ToLCPalV and various international isolates of the same virus, especially those distributed in Saudi Arabia and Iran that could be a possible the origin and introduction of ToLCPalV into Iraq.
Influence of various fertilizer types on yield and component traits of black cumin
Authors: Mustatfa Shnrwe Bakir , Ahmed Rozhgar Mustafa
Published: September 2023

Two experiments were conducted in the autumn season of 2019-2020 to investigate the impact of two species belonging to the Nigella genus under various fertilization conditions. Both experiments followed the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and were replicated three times at the Qlyasan and Kanipanka location. The results of the average of both locations, it was observed that N. sativa outperformed N. arvensis in terms of seed yield, fixed oil yield and essential oil yield, achieving 607, 138, and 8 kg ha-1, respectively. Notably, when a 2% organic manure application was utilized, higher seed yield, fixed oil yield, and essential oil yield were achieved at 659, 160, and 9 kg ha-1, respectively. The most favorable outcomes of 676 kg ha-1 for seed yield, 174 kg ha-1 for fixed oil yield, and 10 kg ha-1 for essential oil yield were attained through a combination of N. sativa and the application of 2% organic manure fertilization. Comparatively, the Kanipanka location demonstrated greater results than the Qlyasan location, with seed yields of 621 kg ha-1, fixed oil yields of 137 kg ha-1, and essential oil yields of 8 kg ha-1.
Diagnostic epidemiological differential study of the intestinal parasites infecting horses in Karbala province, Iraq
Authors: Alhaitami Ibrahim
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to investigate the infection of horses with some types of internal parasites in Kerbala province, Iraq. This purpose was examined by a flotation test of 110 horse fecal samples, divided according to age and sex. The results of this study showed two types of internal parasites, Nematodes and Protozoon; some horses were infected with more than one type of these parasites simultaneously. Examined horses were infected with Strongylus spp. by 71.8%, Parascaris equorum by 33.6%, and Eimeria spp. by 20%. Some of examined horses were suffering from infection with more than one types of internal parasites in same time, so that 12.7% of examined horses were infected with three types of parasites P. equorum , S. spp , E. spp, while 16.3% of these animals were infected with P. equorum , S.spp. However, 3.6% , 1.8% were infected with P. equorum , E. spp., and S. spp , E. spp. Female horses were more infected with these parasites than male horses, and percentage rates of female infection reached 73.1%, 30.9%, and 21.6% with the parasites S. spp, P. equorum, E. spp., while the rates of infection with these parasites in males animal were 61.5%, 53.8%, 7.6%. Animals that were smaller than one year old were more infected with these parasites than animals that were older than one year, so infection rates in smaller animals were 74% , 34 % and 21% with the parasites S. spp , P. equorum, E. spp, while in older animals were 50% , 30% , 10% receptively.
LO QUE TODO INVESTIGADOR DEBE SABER O CONOCER
Authors:   UNIVERSIDAD DE GUAYAQUIL, Esteves Fajardo Zila Isabel , Guerra Menoscal Shirley Elizabeth Katterine , Hernández Benítez Selena , Jiménez Navarrete Sonia Maritza
Published: September 2023

Los recursos de investigación son elementos fundamentales en el proceso de investigación, ya que proporcionan la base sobre la cual se construye el conocimiento y se desarrolla la investigación. La importancia de los recursos de investigación radica en varios aspectos clave, los recursos de investigación, como libros, artículos científicos, informes técnicos y documentos académicos, ofrecen una base sólida de conocimiento teórico sobre un tema específico. Estos recursos permiten a los investigadores comprender el estado actual del campo y los avances previos en el área de estudio. Los recursos de investigación pueden ayudar a los investigadores a diseñar una metodología de investigación adecuada. Al revisar la literatura existente, los investigadores pueden identificar enfoques, herramientas y técnicas que han demostrado ser efectivos en investigaciones similares. Citando y utilizando recursos de investigación confiables, los investigadores pueden respaldar sus afirmaciones y argumentos. Esto agrega credibilidad a su trabajo y ayuda a establecer una base sólida para sus conclusiones.
Sosialisasi Implementasi Standar Akreditasi terhadap Patient Experience di RSUD Kabupaten Karanganyar
Authors: Pujilestari Agustina , Kismanto Joko , Surya Nella Tri , Saputri Amelia , Nurcahyaningsih Intan
Published: September 2023

Selama ini pengukuran kepuasan pasien selalu menjadi alternative utama dalam melakukan pengukuran tehadap mutu atau kualitas pelayanan. Masalahnya, hasil dari survey kepuasan pasien tersebut kebanyakan hanya berupa data kuantitatif, yang kurang mampu mengurai fakta dari masalah pelayanan yang terjadi di rumah sakit. Pengukuran pengalaman pasien (Patient Experience) dinilai lebih efektif sebagai indikator kualitas pelayanan. Pengalaman pasien merupakan salah satu aspek yang sangat berpengaruh pada penilaian dan capaian akreditasi. Kontribusi kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk mewujudkan keterlibatan staf manajemen di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kabupaten Karanganyar melalui kegiatan sosialisasi ini untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan pengetahuan terkait implementasi standar akreditasi rumah sakit terhadap patient experience. Metode kegiatan pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan metode ceramah yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengan diskusi dengan partisipan yang hadir. Secara umum patient experience yang dirasakan oleh pasien yaitu meliputi profesionalitas dalam pelayanan baik dari sumber daya manusia dan prosedur pelayanannya, Lingkungan serta fasilitas lengkap yang menunjang pelayanan, dan akses pelayanan. Hadirnya jajaran manajemen puncak seperti direktur rumah sakit dan beberapa kepala bidang, serta tim akreditasi rumah sakit menjadi bukti keberhasilan pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian ini.
تأثير تدريس المفردات على قدرة الطلاب في الإنشاء
Authors: Irhamsyah Teuku , Riyadi Slamet , Lubis Arbonas
Published: September 2023

أسئلة البحث هي هل هناك تأثير تدريس المفردات على قدرة الطلاب في الإنشاء بمعهد محمدية كوالا مادو في الصف الثالث المرحلة المتوسطة؟ وأغراضه معرفة نتيجة الإنشاء في معهد محمدية كوالا مادو بوسيلة تدريس المفردات في الفصل التجريبي وبدونه في الفصل الضابطي. والمنهج المستخدم هو البحث الميداني الكمي بالنوع التجريبي، بين المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطية. والطريقة المستعملة هي طريقة إحصائية. والنتيجة من هذا البحث هي وجد الكاتب تأثيرا إيجابيا على قدرة الطلاب بعد إعطاء العلاج في المجموعة التجريبية بوسيلة تدريس المفردات بأن هناك ارتفاع درجة المعدل إلى حد متوسط لدى المجموعة التجريبية بعد أن أعطيت العلاج، فالنتيجة للمجموعة التجريبية قبل أن يتم العلاج بمعدل 70,75، وبعد أن أعطيت العلاج، حصلت نتيجة للمجموعة التجريبية بمعدل 82، إذن لقد ارتفعت النتيجة للمجموعة التجريبية إلى 11،28.
Relaxed Adaptive Lasso for Classification on High-Dimensional Sparse Data with Multicollinearity
Authors: Sudjai Narumol , Duangsaphon Monthira , Chandhanayingyong Chandhanarat
Published: September 2023

High-dimensional sparse data with multicollinearity is frequently found in medical data. This problem can lead to poor predictive accuracy when applied to a new data set. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (Lasso) is a popular machine-learning algorithm for variable selection and parameter estimation. Additionally, the adaptive Lasso method was developed using the adaptive weight on the l1-norm penalty. This adaptive weight is related to the power order of the estimators. Thus, we focus on 1) the power of adaptive weight on the penalty function, and 2) the two-stage variable selection method. This study aimed to propose the relaxed adaptive Lasso sparse logistic regression. Moreover, we compared the performances of the different penalty functions by using the mean of the predicted mean squared error (MPMSE) for the simulation study and the accuracy of classification for a real-data application. The results showed that the proposed method performed best on high-dimensional sparse data with multicollinearity. Along with, for classifier with the support vector machine, this proposed method was also the best option for the variable selection process.
Poor hygiene, facilities, and policies at slaughterhouses: a key threat to public health and environment
Authors: Irtija Ahsan Md. , Billah Khan Maruf , Das Moumita , Akter , Sharmin
Published: September 2023

Maintenance of standard hygiene, facilities, and compliance of policies is mandatory at slaughterhouses to produce safe meat and violate those factors that attribute high risk to public health and environment. The absence of data on slaughterhouse management in Bangladesh triggers interest to conduct the present study. Thus, we carried out a cross-sectional study on 35 slaughterhouses to reveal overall status in the context of hygiene, facilities, and policies at Sylhet Sadar Upazila in the Sylhet district of Bangladesh. We identified and included 65 items in the questionnaire and arranged them based on the three sections as hygiene (30), facility (22), and policy (13). This survey revealed that 12 out of 30 items under the standard hygiene section scored good, and the remaining 18 essential items were non-existent to poorly implemented. Under the facility section, two items among 22 remarked good, and the rest 20 items were absent or inadequate. Similarly, only one item out of 13 scored good under the policy section, and others lacked recommended rules and regulations. This study highlighted that none of the slaughterhouses was at standard level; instead they were poor in the maintenance of standard hygiene, facilities, and operational policies, which is considered as a severe threat to food safety, public health, and the environment in the study area.
Performance of Rural and Peri-urban Dairying under Existing Management System in Jhenaidah, Bangladesh
Authors: Abdus Samad Md. , Shaheenur Rahman Md. , Parven Sumaiya , Iqbal Ahmed , Md. Ferdaus Abu Jafur
Published: September 2023

This study was conducted by a baseline survey to explore the current scenario of dairying in respect of productive and reproductive performance under existing management practices such as breeding, feeding, housing, disease prevention etc. at four upazillas of Jhenaidah district in Bangladesh. Majority of the farms in the study area are classed as small holder following semiintensive method of rearing chiefly for three genotypes namely Indigenous (IG) (15.17%) Holstein Friesian (HF) crossbred (61.38%) and Shahiwal (SL) crossbred (23.45%). Along with rice straw and concentrate mixture, considerable amount of green grass as 6.32 ± 3.80, 7.71 ± 3.0 and 7.90 ± 3.54 kg/day/cow was supplied to IG, HF Cross and SL Cross respectively. Although 82.76% respondents provided anthelmintic to their cattle but 88.28% did not vaccinate their stock. Bio security measures are often ignored resulted in prevalence of different diseases including Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD). Despite having no knowledge about frozen semen, 81.38% farm owner practice Artificial Insemination and among them 66.21% preferred semen of HF genotype. Age at first calving, length of dry period and post-partum oestrus of IG cows was significantly (p<0.01) higher than that of HF and SL cows. Higher significant difference was observed in calving intervals and gestation period (p>0.05). The average milk yields of IG, HF and SL cows were 0.96±0.59, 3.45±1.00 and 1.94±0.81 L/day/cow, respectively. The lactation length of HF and SL cows were significantly (p<0.05) higher than of IG cows. Majority of the farmers’ reaction regarding productive and reproductive performance of crossbred cows along with feed price, milk price, marketing system and veterinary service was disappointing to which this study recommend to address duly.
Growth performance of Black Bengal goats at rural areas of Gaibandha district in Bangladesh
Authors: Morshedul Alam Md. , Jahangir Alam Md. , Enayet Kabir , Md. , Abdul Jalil Md. , Chandra Dey Methun , Begum Maksuda
Published: September 2023

The present study was conducted to assess the growth performance of Black Bengal goats along with investigating the effect of sex of kids, type of kidding and parity of dam on the body weight at birth and subsequent 3, 6 and 9 month of age reared under field conditions at Gaibandha district of Bangladesh. All goats of the study area were reared extensively. Data were collected on a regular basis from June 2018 to February 2019. Least- squares means for body weights at birth, 3, 6 and 9 month of age were 1.13±0.02, 5.22±0.13, 8.12±0.22 and 10.92±0.28 kg, respectively. The average body weight of male kids was higher than female kids at all the ages with significantly (p
Prevalence of anaplasmosis in cattle from Chattogram Division of Bangladesh
Authors: Mannan Abdul , Abdul Alim Md. , Binta Manik Moyshumi , Mahbub Ur Rahman Kazi , Alamgir Hossain Mohammad , Zonaed Siddiki AMAM
Published: September 2023

Bovine anaplasmosis is an important haemoparasitic disease of farm animals associated with significant economic loss. The current study was designed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors and molecular characterization of Anaplasma species. A total of 1680 blood (crossbred=455, local=1225) from cattle of selected hilly, coastal and plain areas of Chattogram Division. Bangladesh. The conventional microscopic examination using the Giemsa staining technique was considered to examine the samples. A total of 50 randomly selected blood samples (apparently positive as determined by microscopy) were tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to confirm the disease. Partial genome sequencing (based on 16S rRNA gene) and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Results demonstrated that a total of 8.21% of cattle (n=1680) were positive for Anaplama marginale infection. The prevalence of anaplasmosis in the hilly area was 9.33% followed by coastal area (9.00%) and plain area (5.83%). The prevalence of Anaplasma spp. was higher (P>0.05) in crossbred compared to indigenous cattle. The infection was significantly higher (P
Statische und dynamische Materialbeanspruchung von Ex "d"-Gehäusen
Authors:   PTB, Braunschweig, Spörhase Stefanie , Krause Tim , Walch Otto ,   PTB, Braunschweig,   R. STAHL
Published: September 2023

Flameproof enclosures are certified in accordance with IEC 60079-1 [1]. For certification purposes, they must be subjected to certain testing, including of their ability to withstand pressure ([1] section 15.2). First, the reference pressure (the maximum pressure that is generated) during an explosion in the enclosure is measured. This value is used as the basis for overpressure testing.
Tiempo, subjetividad y dominación social en las sociedades contemporáneas: de la dominación abstracta a la ética neoliberal del tiempo
Authors: Labajos Sebastian Vidal
Published: September 2023

En este artículo me propongo abordar el problema del tiempo en las sociedades contemporáneas desde un diálogo entre las construcciones teóricas de Moishe Postone y Hartmut Rosa y el trabajo de Michel Foucault. Los dos primeros se han centrado en explicar cómo la temporalidad se ha convertido en un tipo de dominación abstracta, impersonal y cuasiobjetiva a partir de conceptos como la densificación temporal, la aceleración o la hibridación. Foucault, en cambio, concibe el tiempo bajo el prisma de la racionalidad política neoliberal, por la cual el tiempo pasa a ser un recurso que debe gestionarse por los sujetos en términos empresariales y que termina por configurar una ética neoliberal de la administración del tiempo. Este diálogo ejemplifica de manera privilegiada la tensión entre la coacción o la presión temporal y la administración estratégica del tiempo propia de las sociedades contemporáneas.
A census of breeding Manx Shearwaters Puffinus puffinus on the Pembrokeshire Islands of Skomer, Skokholm and Midland in 2018
Authors: Perrins Christopher , Padget Oliver , O’Connell Mark , Brown Richard , Büche Birgitte , Eagle Giselle , Roden James , Stubbings Ed , Wood Matt
Published: September 2023

We present the results of a census of the Manx Shearwaters Puffinus puffinus nesting on the three Pembrokeshire islands of Skomer, Skokholm and Midland (formerly Middleholm), Pembrokeshire, undertaken in 2018. The breeding population estimates were largely in line with those made in 2011–2013, but differed markedly from 1998; this difference seems to be due to the different methods used in 1998 rather than any marked change in population size. Despite attempts to refine the estimation of response rate to call playback, the error of the population estimates remains large, illustrating the logistical and analytical challenges of making seabird censuses using call playback. Nonetheless, the population estimates are large and the spatial distribution of occupied burrows is consistent between censuses, and thus Wales may hold more than half of the world’s breeding population of Manx Shearwaters.
Offshore oil rigs – a breeding refuge for Norwegian Black-legged Kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla?
Authors: Christensen-Dalsgaard Signe , Langset Magdalene , Anker-Nilssen Tycho
Published: September 2023

In recent decades, the population of Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla has declined substantially in most parts of the North Atlantic. Concurrently, there has been an increased urbanisation of the species, with Kittiwakes colonising nearshore buildings and other man-made structures. Here we document the prevalence and performance of Kittiwakes breeding on offshore oil rigs on the Norwegian shelf and compare their reproductive output with parallel data from the nearest Kittiwake colonies monitored on the Norwegian coast. At least six (10%) of the 63 rigs addressed in the study were reported to have breeding Kittiwakes, four of which had a total of 1,164 breeding pairs in 2019. One of these offshore colonies was situated in the Barents Sea, the other five in the Norwegian Sea. Overall the Kittiwakes breeding on oil rigs had a moderate to high productivity, ranging on average between 0.61–1.07 large chicks per nest. This was higher than the productivity in most (but not all) colonies on man-made structures on the coast in the same period, and much higher than that in natural breeding habitats. The differences in Kittiwake productivity between offshore and coastal habitats are likely related to parallel differences in food availability and exposure to predators, but this warrants further study. Besides helping us explore key drivers of Kittiwake productivity, the increasing numbers of Kittiwakes breeding on man-made structures both offshore and on the coast clearly provide a significant contribution of juveniles to the impoverished Kittiwake population in Norwegian waters.
Non-breeding movements of Black-legged Kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla from a North Sea urban colony
Authors: Swindells Mike
Published: September 2023

Early indications of the extensive North Atlantic non-breeding period range of Black-legged Kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla (hereafter Kittiwakes) have been reported using ship-based observations, but detailed knowledge of the migration of pelagic birds was difficult to obtain until the development of geolocators gave long-term tracking capabilities. Non-breeding period movements of several oceanic species have now been determined in detail. The current study aimed to establish the wintering tracks of Kittiwakes from Lowestoft, an urban colony in the east of England, and also to determine the similarity of annual tracks in individual birds. Commencing in 2012, geolocators were fitted to adult Kittiwakes breeding on Claremont Pier, and up to 2018 data from 15 birds were obtained, including up to four years’ tracks from individual birds. It was found that Kittiwakes from Lowestoft had highly varied tracks, covering virtually the whole range of wintering areas of birds from other North Atlantic colonies. However, individual birds showed a high degree of track repetition from year to year.
IDENTIFIKASI ISTILAH MAZHAB DALAM KITAB MINHĀJ AL-THĀLIBĪN
Authors: S.Ag Zulkiram
Published: September 2023

Dalam kitab Minhāj al-Thālibīn Imam al-Nawawi menyebut terhadap pendapat-pendapat Imam Syāfi’i dan ashab-nya dengan memakai istilah-istilah yang berbeda, salah satu istilahnya ialah mazhab, istilah mazhab ini belum ada penjelasan terperinci dalam kitab Minhāj al-Thālibīn, khususnya cara untuk memahami di mana letaknya pendapat rajih  dari istilah tersebut yang memungkinkan terdapat pada thariq qatha’, thariq khilaf yang sesuai dengan thariq qatha’ atau yang berbeda dengan thariq qatha’. Berdasarkan konsep tersebut, maka penulis perlu menjelaskan tentang identifikasi istilah mazhab dalam Minhāj al-Thālibīn. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Teknik analisa data dilakukan dengan pendekatan content analisis. Adapun kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini ada dua yaitu: 1. definisi mazhab adalah satu istilah untuk pendapat kuat atau rajih serta mengisyaratkan adanya perbedaan pendapat di kalangan ashab dalam meriwayatkan pendapat mazhab, perbedaan pendapat ini terjadi dalam menyikapi pendapat Imam Syāfi’i (qaul) atau pendapat ashab (wajh) yang terdahulu terhadap satu masalah melalui dua jalur riwayat atau lebih. 2. Cara mengidentifikasi istilah mazhab adalah dengan cara meninjau lafaz-lafaz syarah Minhāj al-Thālibīn. Istilah mazhab ini tidak terlepas dari salah satu tiga thariq, yaitu thariq qatha’, thariq khilaf yang muwaffiq bagi thariq qatha’ dan thariq khilaf yang mukhalif bagi thariq qatha’.
HUKUM ASURANSI (TA’MĪN) DALAM PERSPEKTIF MADZHAB SYᾹFI’Ī
Authors: Tgk. Abdullah, MA  , Afyan Maizar
Published: September 2023

Permasalahan hukum asuransi syariah adalah kasus kontemporer yang mungkin untuk dikaji secara ijtihad. Kalangan ulama kontemporer, ada ulama yang menerima asuransi dengan catatan tidak bertentangan dengan nilai ajaran Islam. Asuransi diterima setelah melalui penyesuaian proses islamisasi. Penerimaan asuransi oleh ulama dapat melalui ijma’ , seperti lembaga fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) dan Lembaga Bahtsul Masa’il NU. Alasan tidak diperbolehkannya yakni ketidakjelasan perlindungan hukum terhadap seseorang yang melakukan asuransi. Dari uraian tersebut, peneliti tertarik untuk menyusun penelitian yang berjudul “Hukum Asuransi (Ta’mīn) Dalam Perspektif Madzhab Syᾱfi’ī”. Beberapa rumusan masalah dalam peneltian ini, sebagai berikut: (1) Bagaimana mekanisme asuransi di Indonesia (2) Bagaimana hukum asuransi (ta’mīn) dalam perspektif madzhab Syᾱfi’ī. Dalam Penelitian ini penulis menggunakan pendekatan analisis normatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu kajian dokumentasi terhadap literatur yang berkaitan dengan hukum asuransi dari karya fuqaha’ salaf al-shalih, dan teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah content analisis. Maka jenis penelitian ini termasuk kategori penelitian kepustakaan (library research). kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa asuransi secara garis besar terbagi dua, yaitu asuransi tanpa investasi dan asuransi yang mengandung investasi. Asuransi tanpa investasi terbagi dua, yaitu asuransi konvensional dan asuransi syariah. Sedangkan hukum asuransi dalam pandangan fiqh Syafi’iyyah terbagi beberapa bentuk sesuai dengan cara menjalankannya, yaitu: (a) Asuransi Konvensional tanpa investasi hukumnya haram, karena tidak dapat digolongkan kepada satu akad apapun yang dapat di-sah-kan. (b) Asuransi Syariah tanpa investasi (ta’min ta’awwuni) hukumnya boleh karena praktiknya mengandung akad tabarru’ melalui perwakilan penyaluran harta. (c) Asuransi yang mengandung investasi (ta’min tijari) hukumnya haram, karena mengandung riba dan perjudian.
تحلیل نظری معیارهای تضمین کیفیت و اعتباردهی وزارت تحصیلات عالی افغانستان
Authors: رحیمی عتیق‌الله , ایوبی میرعثمان
Published: September 2023

در دنیای امروز میلیون‌ها محصل در حال فراگیری تحصیلات عالی در سرتاسر جهان بوده و شاهد رشد فزایندۀ کمی و کیفی مؤسسات تحصیلات عالی در عصر کنونی می‌باشیم. در افغانستان نیز از بیست سال به این‌طرف پیشرفت‌های قابل‌ملاحظه‌ای در عرصه تحصیلات عالی رونما گردیده و می‌طلبد تا به انکشاف کیفی تحصیلات در این کشور توجه بیشتری صورت گیرد. تطبیق معیارهای تضمین کیفیت و اعتباردهی وزارت تحصیلات عالی افغانستان می‌تواند متضمن افزایش و بهبود کیفیت آموزش و خدمات آموزشی در مؤسسات تحصیلات عالی باشد، اما برخی موانع فراروی تطبیق این معیارها قرار گرفته است. این مقاله سعی بر آن دارد تا به تحلیل نظری معیارهای تضمین کیفیت پرداخته و موانع تطبیق آن‌ها را نیز بررسی نماید و هم‌چنین راهکارهای مناسبی را در جهت رفع این موانع نیز ارائه کند. در تحلیل حاضر از روش تحقیق میدانی مانند مصاحبه و توزیع پرسش‌نامه با ذی‌نفعان، سهام‌داران، اساتید، کارمندان، محصلان و هم‌چنان از برخی مقالات و سایت‌های معتبر علمی استفاده صورت گرفته است. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که در صورت برداشتن موانع تطبیق معیارهای تضمین کیفیت، برنامه موجود در جهت اعتلای کیفیت تحصیلات عالی نهادهای تحصیلی دولتی و خصوصی،‌ پروسه‌ای مؤثر می‌باشد و ضرور است تا از تمامی فعالیت‌های تحصیلات عالی دولتی و خصوصی ‌ با در نظر داشت معیارهای عادلانه و منطقی نظارت بیشتر صورت گیرد تا از تطبیق آن‌ها اطمینان حاصل گردد. درنتیجه، پروسه ارتقای کیفیت یک فرایند دوام‌دار، مفید، پلان‌شده و استراتژیک بوده و لازم است تا با دخیل ساختن تمامی گروه‌های ذی‌نفع در تطبیق معیارهای موجود، در کنار انکشاف کمی نهادهای تحصیلات عالی در کشور، کیفیت آموزش نیز در این نهادها ارتقاء و افزایش یابد.
Seyyed Jamaluddin Afghani's views on religious life in the modern world
Authors: Mohammadi Esmatullah
Published: September 2023

Seyyed Jamal al-Din Afghani, a prominent and influential figure in the Islamic world during the past two centuries, occupies a significant position in the historical narrative. Faced with the challenge of reconciling Islam with the forces of modernity, Afghani sought to reclaim the waning authority and greatness of Muslims while striving to alleviate the colonial subjugation of Islamic nations. Rejecting the dichotomy between "extreme traditionalism" and "progressive modernism" as the sole solutions to the clash between Islam and modernity, he advanced a distinctive third alternative termed "Islamic reformism." This approach aimed to harmoniously blend Islamic principles with modernity, while concurrently reevaluating the interpretation of Islamic teachings within the context of modern discourse. Afghani accentuated the inherent capacity of Islam to lead and guide humanity, establishing it as the foundational tenet of his discourse. His objective was to transcend the uncritical adherence to traditional interpretations of Islam and embrace novel interpretations supported by rational inquiry.
حکم قرنطینه از دیدگاه اسلام
Authors: عظیمی گلاب‌الدّین
Published: September 2023

در شرایط کنونی، جهان بشریّت گرفتار بحران و چالش فراگیر ویروس کرونا یا «کووید ۱۹» است. این پدیده کشنده و اپیدمی، حکمت‌ها، مصالح و منافع افراد جامعه را به چالش مواجه کرده است. در چنین شرایط حساس کرونایی، پرسش‌های زیادی از مردم در عرصه‌های مختلف زندگی پیش آمده است. در این زمینه سه پرسش مهم و اساسی به نظر می‌رسد: با توجه به شیوع و اپیدمی ویروس کرونا چشم‌انداز دینی برای وقایه و جلوگیری از ویروس کرونا چیست؟ در صورت انتقال و عفونی بودن کرونا حکم قرنطینه از دیدگاه اسلام چیست؟ و در فرض شیوع بیماری همه‌گیر کرونا حکم تعطیلی مساجد چیست؟ تحقیق حاضر، به‌منظور پاسخ‌گویی به پرسش‌های فوق، از طریق مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای در روشنی آیات قرآن کریم، احادیث نبوی، دیدگاه‌های فقهاء و قواعد فقهی مرتبط به موضوع مورد بحث قرار گرفته است. داده‌های تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که قرنطینه و پیش‌گیری از شیوع کرونا یک ضرورت اجتماعی بوده که منافع، ضروریات و مصلحت‌های عمومی جامعه دلایلی‌اند که این ضرورت را توجیه می‌کند. در حقیقت، شیوع و انتقال ویروس کرونا روش‌های متفاوتی دارد که مباشرت و معاونت در انتشار ویروس پدیده مجرمانه تلقی شده است. مبازره با کرونا و جلوگیری از شیوع آن از طریق جداسازی و قرنطینه، وظیفه تمام افراد جامعه می‌باشد.
اولویت بندی عوامل مؤثر بر فرار مالیاتی
Authors: فضل شمس‌الحق
Published: September 2023

پژوهش حاضر تحت عنوان اولویت بندی عوامل مؤثر بر فرار مالیاتی است تا بتواند بیان نماید که کدام عامل بر فرار مالیاتی اثر گذارتر است. جامعه آماری این تحقیق به صورت عموم چهار گروه 35 نفر از افراد متخصص و اساتید دانشگاه، 35 نفر از مودیان مالیاتی و بازرگانان، 35 نفر از کارمندان اداره مالیات و 35 نفر از مدیران سازمان‌های خصوصی بوده‌اند که نظریات هر گروه به طور جداگانه مورد بررسی و مطالعه قرار گرفته و نتایج آن به صورت عموم در این تحقیق بیان می‌گردد.

نتایج این تحقیق با استفاده از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی AHP بدست آمده است که بیانگر تأثیر گذاری عوامل اقتصادی-تکنیکی با ارزش وزنی 0.616، عوامل سیاسی-امنیتی-اداری با ارزش وزنی 0.231 و عوامل حقوقی-اجتماعی-فرهنگی با ارزش وزنی 0.153 می‌باشد. بیشترین تأثیر مربوط به چهار عامل ذیل که عبارتند از بی ثباتی اقتصادی، افزایش بیکاری، تورم و تغیر در درآمد مودیان با ارزش وزنی 0.202 موجودیت شغل‌های کاذب و فعالیت‌های زیر زمینی با ارزش وزنی 0.106، عدم موجودیت سیستم الکترونیکی و ضعف در استفاده از وسایل الکترونیکی با ارزش وزنی 0.106، عدم مصرف درست بودجه جمع آوری شده و تخصیص درست بودجه 0.076 بوده است که هر سه عامل اولی از جمله عوامل اقتصادی-تکنیکی و عامل چهارمی مربوط به عوامل سیاسی-امنیتی-اداری می‌باشد.

لذا ضرورت است تا سیاست گذاران مالیاتی، کارگذاران مالیاتی و اداره کنندگان سازمان‌های مالیاتی به این عوامل توجه نموده و در قسمت رفع نقایص جهت کاهش معضل فرار مالیاتی از طریق الکترونیک سازی سیستم مالیاتی، آموزش استفاده از وسایل تکنالوژیکی و از بین بردن بازارها و مشاغل کاذب و هم چنان مصرف درست مالیات جمع آوری شده اقدامات موثرتری را روی دست گیرند.
سیاست استعماری قرن نوزدهم روسیه تزاری برای تسخیر هرات
Authors: اصل اسدالله
Published: September 2023

روس‌های تزاری بدنبال توسعه سیاست استعماری خویش و هم‌چنان حفظ آسیای مرکزی از رقیب خویش دولت هندبریتانوی و نیز رسیدن به سرزمین زرخیز هند، چشم طمع را به هرات که بر سر راه هند قرار داشت دوخته بودند. روس‌ها باری در صلح تیلیست (1807 م) با ناپلئون در گرفتن هند از بریتانیا، همگام شدند تا از راه هرات به هند هجوم ببرند ولی نتیجه نداد. بعدها دولت تزاری از دو طریق می‌خواست بر این شهر تسلط یابد، اول این‌که خواهان تصرف خیوه بودند تا راه خویش را از طریق مرو به آن‌جای باز کنند و در نهایت از راه دره حاصل‌خیز هرات و با استفاده از ظرفیت این شهر که خصوصیت گدام (انبار) غله آسیای مرکزی را بخود داشت تجهیز سپاه بزرگ را به هند بگیرند، دوم این‌که دولت ایران را مبنی بر درخواست وی برای ادعای ارضی بر هرات تحریک و کمک کنند تا به این شهر تسلط یابد و از این طریق با استفاده از توافقات گلستان و ترکمن‌چای به راحتی در هرات نفوذ کنند و از این طریق رفتن به هند را آغازکنند. در این پژوهش که به روش توصیفی-تحلیلی و با تکیه بر نوع کتاب‌خانه صورت گرفته است هدفش این است که هرات چگونه در قرن نوزدهم برای روس‌های تزاری به یک موقعیت خاص برای پیش‌برد اهداف امپریالیزمی‌شان قرار گرفته بود؟ یافته‌های تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که روس‌ها پی هم در قرن نوزدهم دست از تلاش برای تسلط بر هرات بر نداشتند، تا این که در نهایت دولت تزاری با انگلیس بدنبال اتحاد علیه امپراطوری نوظهور آلمان شد و رفته رفته بر اختلافات خویش با انگلیس در آسیا، با معاهده (1907 م)، نقطه پایان گذاشت.
سیر تحول در مدیریت خدمات اساسی صحی و شفاخانه‌ای در افغانستان
Authors: قاری‌زاده عبدالروف
Published: September 2023

کشورهای در حال توسعه همواره با چالش‌های زیادی برای رشد سیستم فوریت‌های طبی رو به رو هستند. ازاین معضل افغانستان نیز به دلیل عوامل بسیاری که کشورهای پس از جنگ را گرفتار و پیچیده می‌کند مستثنی نمی‌باشد، از جمله سیستم سیاسی ناپایدار، اقتصاد ضعیف، شاخص‌های بهداشتی پایه ضعیف، فقرفرهنگی و خشونت متداوم. پس ازتجولات دهه هفتاد پیشرفت‌های در افغانستان با تطبیق بسته اساسی خدمات صحی و شفاخانه‌ای (BPHS) و (EPHS) توسط وزارت صحت عامه برای ارائه مراقبت‌های صحی حاصل شده است. تروما و ناتوانی‌های ناشی از تروما هر دو به عنوان اولویت‌های تحت BPHS شناسایی شدند و تلاش‌ها برای رسیدگی به این مشکلات آغاز شده است. بیشتر خدمات اضطراری ارائه شده در افغانستان توسط بخش نظامی و سازمان‌های غیر دولتی ارائه می‌شود. امنیت، فقدان زیر ساخت‌ها، مشکلات اقتصادی، دسترسی دشوار به امکانات مراقبت‌های بهداشتی، شرایط نامناسب مراکز درمانی، و کمبود ارائه دهندگان مراقبت‌های بهداشتی آموزش دیده، به ویژه زنان، همه مشکلاتی هستند که باید به آنها رسیدگی شود. هدف بلندمدت مراقبت‌های صحی با کیفیت برای همه شهروندان افغانستان تنها با ترکیبی از پروژه‌های هدفمند خاص، کمک‌های خارجی، مسئولیت‌های داخلی و زمان برآورده می‌شود.