bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Breast Cancer Screening and Its Effect Among Chinese Rural Women: A Mixed-Methods Evaluation Based on RE-AIM Framework
Authors: Qiao Youlin , Zhao Fanghui , Yan Huijiao , Wang Qiankun , Dang Le , Duan Xianzhi , Bai Zhirong , Feng Yinhui , Zhang Linlin , Qimuge Suyala , Gao Haiying , Wang Xinchun , Sun Min , Ma Shuxia , Yan Cailing
Published: October 2024

Background:
Many rural areas lack screening for breast cancer. This study employs the RE-AIM framework to assess the implementation, effectiveness, and sustainability of a breast cancer screening program in China to provide insights into developing an effective implementation strategy suitable for rural areas with limited health resources.
Methods:
This mixed-methods study evaluated a breast cancer screening program in Ordos, Inner Mongolia, using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative data from 2016 to 2020 were gathered through surveys and screening results involving 116,013 women aged 35–64. Qualitative data were obtained via semi-structured interviews with MCHH health workers in 2024 to identify program facilitators and barriers. Quantitative and thematic qualitative analyses were conducted, with findings compared using a convergent mixed methods approach.
Results:
The screening program reached 35.05% of the target population by 2018, rising to 52.24% among women aged 35–64 in 2020. Cancer detection rates were 0.56/1000, ranging from 0.08/1000 in women aged 35–39 to 1.89/1000 in those aged 60–64. The PPV for biopsy was over 67%, but few patients with abnormalities completed the procedure. Key facilitators included strong patient-provider communication, staff involvement, adequate funding and training, and strict supervision, while barriers involved geographical distance, lack of multi-sector support, limited service capacity, and low health awareness. The “rural outreach” model and routine hospital screening were seen as the most effective solutions for the dispersed population and low self-efficacy. Increased awareness from prior screenings improved participation and compliance in subsequent programs. A key challenge in program maintenance was reduced quality control, supervision, and training efforts.
Conclusion:
It is recommended to delay the initiation of breast cancer screening to age 40 or 45 in rural areas with low incidence rates. Improving the screening capacity at primary healthcare facilities and strengthening the patient navigation system for timely referrals to higher-level centers are essential to enhance cancer detection in these regions. The “rural outreach” model is effective in reducing health disparities among marginalized women while simultaneously raising their awareness. Further research is needed to evaluate long-term outcomes and to develop customized implementation strategies for addressing the identified barriers.
Iridoschisis in patients with atopic dermatitis Leads to Intractable Bullous Keratopathy
Authors: Kusano Yuki , Yamaguchi Takefumi , Shimazaki Jun , Dogru Murat
Published: October 2024

Background
To report iridoschisis in patients with atopic dermatitis and the outcome of repeat corneal transplantations for intractable bullous keratopathy.
Case presentation:
Three patients with atopic dermatitis, iridoschisis and bullous keratopathy, underwent numerous corneal transplantation procedures including penetrating keratoplasty (PKP), and endothelial keratoplasty (EK), which failed within a short period due to rapid corneal endothelial cell (CEnC) loss without graft rejection. Aqueous humor total protein levels were overwhelmingly higher in all patients. Case1: A 26-year-old man with atopic dermatitis had iridoschisis and bullous keratopathy in the left eye. During the 10-year follow-up, he underwent six corneal transplantations (three EK, followed by three PKP). However, all grafts failed because of rapid CEnC loss without graft rejection. Case 2: A 53-year-old man with severe atopic dermatitis had iridoschisis and bullous keratopathy in the right eye. He underwent three corneal transplantations (one EK, followed by two PK) over five years. All grafts failed within short periods due to rapid CEnC loss and endothelial decompensation without graft rejection. Case 3: A 54-year-old man with severe atopic dermatitis had iridoschisis and bullous keratopathy in the right eye. He underwent two EK within short periods due to rapid CEnC loss.
Conclusions
We hereby report the association of iridoschisis with bullous keratopathy in atopic dermatitis for the first time in the literature. Clinicians should be aware that the prognosis of corneal transplants in such patients appears to be poor necessitating repeat procedures.
Transverse-electric Surface plasmon in graphene under uniform strain
Authors: Gómez L. A. Galeana , Cruz G. González
Published: October 2024

Compared to surface plasmon polariton in metals, graphene can support transverse electric (TE) surface modes when the imaginary part of its conductivity is negative. TE graphene plasmons are generally weakly confined in direction perpendicular to the graphene plane and they cannot be resonantly excited by an external incident wave because their dispersion curve spectrally lies just below the light line. In this work, we investigate theoretically the light reflectance of a graphene layer under uniform strain on the top of a one-dimensional photonic crystal consisting of high and low-index dielectric materials and a material film layer on the graphene sheet. The strain not only changes the electronic band structure but also can be employed to influence the electronic collective excitations and thus the optical reflectance of graphene monolayers. We demonstrate that TE plasmon excitation is based on the observation of a pronounced sharp minimum in the reflection coefficient of the suggested photonic structure upon the incident angle and the wavelength and refractive index. Therefore, the graphene under uniform strain on the photonic structure is found to be promising in the fabrication of optical sensors devices with TE plasmons.
E-mail: bato@fis.cinvestav.mx ORCID iDs: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6710-3424
Halfway Escape Optimization: A Quantum-Inspired Solution for General Optimization Problems
Authors: Li Jiawen , Majeed Anwar PP Abdul , Lefevre Pascal
Published: October 2024

This paper first proposes the Halfway Escape Optimization (HEO) algorithm, a quantum-inspired metaheuristic designed to address general optimization problems. The HEO mimics the effects between quantum such as tunneling, entanglement. After the introduction to the HEO mechansims, the study presents a comprehensive evaluation of HEO's performance against extensively-used optimization algorithms, including Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm (AFSA), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), and Quantum behaved Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO). The primary analysis encompasses 14 benchmark functions with dimension 30, demonstrating HEO's effectiveness and adaptability in navigating general optimization problems. The test of HEO in Pressure Vessel Design and Tubular Column Design also infers its feasibility and potential in real-time applications. Further validation of HEO in Osmancik-97 and Cammeo Rice Classification achieves a higher accuracy record.
New CF2H-Synthon Enables Asymmetric Radical Difluoroalkylation for Synthesis of Chiral Difluoromethylated Amines
Authors: Wang Xi-Sheng , Liu Peng , He Yan , Jiang Chen-Hui , Ren Wei-Ran , Jin Ruo-Xing , Zhang Ting , Chen Wang-Xuan , Nie Xuan
Published: October 2024

The difluoromethyl group (CF₂H) is a crucial fluorinated moiety with distinctive biological properties, and the synthesis of chiral CF₂H-containing analogs has been recognized as a powerful strategy in drug design and screening. To date, the most established method for accessing enantioenriched difluoromethyl compounds involves the enantioselective functionalization of nucleophilic and electrophilic CF₂H synthons. However, this approach is limited by reaction scope, lower reactivity, and reduced enantioselectivity. Leveraging the unique fluorine effect, we designed and synthesized a novel radical CF₂H synthon by incorporating isoindolinone into alkyl halides for asymmetric radical transformation. Here, we report an efficient strategy for the asymmetric construction of carbon stereocenters featuring a difluoromethyl group via nickel-catalyzed Negishi cross-coupling. This approach demonstrates mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, and excellent enantioselectivity. Given that optically pure difluoromethylated amines and isoindolinones are key structural motifs in bioactive compounds, this strategy offers a practical solution for the efficient synthesis of CF₂H-containing chiral drug-like molecules for pharmaceutical research and development.
Aaptamine Counteracts Statin-Induced PCSK9 Elevation to Improve LDL Receptor Expression and Cholesterol Uptake
Authors: Matin Abdul , Chaudhry Gul-e-Saba , Sung Yeong Yik , Muhammad Tengku Sifzizul Tengku
Published: October 2024

Atherosclerosis arises from lipid accumulation and plaque formation, primarily driven by elevated levels of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C). PCSK9 plays a critical role by degrading LDL receptors (LDL-R), which are responsible for the clearance of LDL-C from the bloodstream. Consequently, inhibiting PCSK9 represents a promising strategy to enhance LDL-R expression and promote LDL-C uptake. Statins are commonly used to treat high cholesterol by decreasing the production of cholesterol. However, they also raise PCSK9 levels, which may explain why some patients don't respond as well as they should to statins. Aaptamines, marine alkaloids with notable structural diversity and bioactivity, are known to regulate gene transcription. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of aaptamine in mitigating the statin-induced increase in PCSK9 expression, LDL-R levels, and LDL-C uptake. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTS assay for simvastatin, aaptamine, and their combination. PCSK9 mRNA levels were quantified by real-time PCR, while protein expression was analyzed via western blotting. Immunohistochemistry was employed to assess LDL-R levels and LDL-C uptake in liver cells. The results demonstrated that simvastatin significantly upregulated PCSK9 gene expression. However, co-treatment with aaptamine reduced PCSK9 expression by 94–61%. Additionally, aaptamine enhanced LDL-R protein levels and LDL-C uptake by 3.21-fold in cells co-treated with simvastatin. These results suggest that aaptamine lowers the rise in PCSK9 caused by statins and raises the expression of LDL-R, which helps liver cells get rid of LDL-C.
Enhancing Pediatric Distal Radius Fracture Detection: Optimizing YOLOv8 with Advanced AI and Machine Learning Techniques.
Authors: Amirouche Farid , Prosper Aashik Mathew , Mzeihem Majd
Published: October 2024

Background
In emergency departments, residents and physicians interpret X-rays to identify fractures, with distal radius fractures being the most common in children. Skilled radiologists typically ensure accurate readings in well-resourced hospitals, but rural areas often lack this expertise, leading to lower diagnostic accuracy and potential delays in treatment. Machine learning systems offer promising solutions by detecting subtle features that non-experts might miss. Recent advancements, including YOLOv8 and its attention-mechanism models, YOLOv8-AM, have shown potential in automated fracture detection. This study aims to refine the YOLOv8-AM model to improve the detection of distal radius fractures in pediatric patients by integrating targeted improvements and new attention mechanisms.
Methods
We enhanced the YOLOv8-AM model to improve pediatric wrist fracture detection, maintaining the YOLOv8 backbone while integrating attention mechanisms such as the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) and the Global Context (GC) block. We optimized the model through hyperparameter tuning, implementing data cleaning, augmentation, and normalization techniques using the GRAZPEDWRI-DX dataset. This process addressed class imbalances and significantly improved model performance, with mean Average Precision (mAP) increasing from 63.6% to 66.32%.
Results and Discussion
The iYOLOv8 models demonstrated substantial improvements in performance metrics. The iYOLOv8 + GC model achieved the highest precision at 97.2%, with an F1-score of 67% and an mAP50 of 69.5%, requiring only 3.62 hours of training time. In comparison, the iYOLOv8 + ECA model reached 96.7% precision, significantly reducing training time from 8.54 to 2.16 hours. The various iYOLOv8-AM models achieved an average accuracy of 96.42% in fracture detection, although performance for detecting bone anomalies and soft tissues was lower due to dataset constraints. The improvements highlight the model's effectiveness in pathological detection of the pediatric distal radius, suggesting that integrating these AI models into clinical practice could significantly enhance diagnostic efficiency.
Conclusion
Our improved YOLOv8-AM model, incorporating the GC attention mechanism, demonstrated superior speed and accuracy in pediatric distal radius fracture detection while reducing training time. Future research should explore additional features to further enhance detection capabilities in other musculoskeletal areas, as this model has the potential to adapt to various fracture types with appropriate training.
Clonally related tumor-reactive memory B cells reside in primary tumors and lymph nodes of ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Shulman Ziv , Nathan Nachum , Paparoditis Philipp , Sarusi-Portuguez Avital , Stoler-Barak Liat , Mazor Roei , Levy-Barda Adva , Borcherding Nicholas , Blecher-Gonen Ronnie , Ronen Revital , Nachman Inbal Bolocan , Sagi Irit , Gross Menachem , Tenenbaum Ariel , Raban Oded , Eitan Ram , Yanichkin Natalia
Published: October 2024

The presence of B cells in tumors is correlated with a positive prognosis in several types of cancers, including high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC)1–4. These B cells give rise to plasma cells (PCs) that originate from germinal centers (GCs) and secrete tumor-reactive antibodies5,6. GCs also give rise to memory B cells (MBCs)7,8; yet, it is not known if tumor-reactive MBCs form and disperse in cancer patients. Single-cell RNA-seq revealed that tumor-draining lymph nodes (LNs) do not support a robust B cell immune response, and primarily host quiescent class-switched MBCs. Immunoglobulin sequencing, clonal analysis, and generation of monoclonal antibodies demonstrated that these MBCs expressed tumor-reactive antibodies, some of which bound MMP14, an enzyme abundantly expressed by HGSOC tumors5. Although tumor-associated LNs did not exhibit mature GC structures, tumor binding of the MBCs derived from these LNs was dependent on somatic hypermutations (SHM), suggesting that they originated from a previous GC reaction. Different and overlapping MBC subpopulations were detected in the primary tumor and LNs from the same patient, some of which were clonally related between the two sites, and showed intratumoral PC-differentiation potential. Thus, our study extends our understanding of the anti-tumor memory response by revealing an inter-organ association between tumor-reactive MBC clones, which could potentially be manipulated in ovarian cancer patients.
Modeling the transmission dynamics of the co-infection of Malaria andTuberculosis with optimal control strategies and cost - bene t analysis
Authors: Omeje Daniel , Acheneje Godwin , Odiba Peace , Bolaji Bolarinwa
Published: October 2024

This research focuses on a continuous-time mathematical model to better understand thespread of co-infections involving Malaria and Tuberculosis. The study evaluates optimalcontrol strategies, including regular use of treated bed nets, fumigation, insect repellents,and public awareness campaigns about respiratory protection and co-infection risks. Theobjective is to reduce transmission rates and lessen the overall impact of these diseases onthe population. We applied the Pontryagin maximum principle in discrete time to deter-mine the best control strategies, solving the system through an iterative process. UsingMATLAB's optimization tools and the Runge-Kutta forward-backward sweep method,we ran simulations to show how these strategies a ect di erent groups, both infectedand uninfected. A cost-e ectiveness analysis was also carried out to pinpoint the most efficient measures for reducing the co-infection of Malaria and Tuberculosis, while mini-mizing costs. The ndings suggest that scaling up the use of treated bed nets, fumigation,and public health education can signi cantly curb the spread of these diseases nd theirco-infection within the population.
Outcomes of Sutureless Small Incision Descemet's Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Cung Le Xuan , Thu Luong Thi Anh , Nga Duong Mai , Dong Pham Ngoc
Published: October 2024

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of sutureless small incision Descemet's Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK-SI) for treating corneal endothelial decompensation.
Methods and analysis: This retrospective study involved sixty eyes of sixty patients with corneal endothelial decompensation who underwent DSAEK-SI between January 2018 and June 2021 at Vietnam National Eye Hospital. All patients were followed for at least one year postoperatively. The endothelial graft was inserted into the anterior chamber through a 2.8mm main corneal incision using a Busin glide. Normal pressure air tamponade of the anterior chamber was applied to attach the graft to the recipient bed. The small incision required no sutures with no need to remove part of the air from the anterior chamber and end the surgery immediately after air tamponade. Patients were instructed to lie supine for at least 6 hours postoperatively. Patients with cataracts underwent combined phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation with DSAEK-SI.
Results: The success rate of the surgery was 93.3%. Postoperatively, the best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) improved from 20/3600 to 20/400 at discharge and reached 20/100 at 12 months. Mild astigmatism (0.5D to 2D) was observed in 91.8% of patients, with a mean cylinder of 0.9 ± 0.4D at 12 months. The endothelial cell loss rate at 12 months was 34.6 ± 16%. No graft dislocations or detachment were recorded.
Conclusions: The sutureless DSAEK-SI technique with a 2.8mm incision is an innovative approach that reduces surgical manipulation, shortens operative time, and minimizes complications, resulting in high success rates and optimal outcomes.
Bridging Knowledge and Practice: Exploring Evidence Based Practice Implementation in Acute Care Nursing
Authors: Ominyi Jude , Beryl Nwedu Aaron
Published: October 2024

Background
The effective implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) in healthcare is essential for enhancing patient outcomes. However, in acute care settings, the adoption of EBPs can be inconsistent due to organisational barriers, hierarchical structures, and limited resources. Interprofessional collaboration and continuous professional development (CPD) are critical in overcoming these challenges, empowering nurses to apply evidence-based knowledge in clinical practice.
Aim
This study aims to investigate how EBPs are implemented in two large acute care hospitals in East England, focusing on the roles of interprofessional collaboration, nurse led initiatives, and CPD in facilitating or hindering EBP adoption.
Materials and Method
A collective qualitative case study design was used to examine EBP implementation across two hospitals with different organisational contexts. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with nurses and physicians, and non-participant observation. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify key themes.
Results
The findings highlight that formal interprofessional collaboration, such as regular interdisciplinary meetings, significantly supports EBP adoption by enhancing communication and shared decision-making between nurses and physicians. However, professional silos and hierarchical barriers remain prevalent, often slowing EBP implementation and limiting nurse input. Nurses used their clinical expertise to independently advocate for and lead small-scale EBP changes, particularly in infection control and wound care, resulting in notable patient outcome improvements. CPD emerged as a powerful enabler, boosting nurses’ confidence and capacity to challenge outdated practices and advocate for evidence-based changes.
Conclusion
Formal collaboration structures and accessible CPD are essential to successful EBP implementation. Addressing hierarchical barriers and fostering interprofessional dialogue can improve the integration of evidence-based knowledge into routine care, empowering nurses as key drivers of change.
Cross-plane iridium-based filaments sap efficiency in Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers
Authors: Heume Christine , Karyofylli Violeta , Javed Ali , Dzieciol Krzysztof , Basak Shibabrata , Poc Jean-Pierre , Tasdemir Yasemin , Rutsch Yannik , Rein Lukas , Wolf Niklas , Speer Sebastian , Jovanovic Sven , Treutlein Leander , Borowec Julian , Hausen Florian , Granwehr Josef , Kungl Hans , Jodat Eva , Karl André , Eichel Rüdiger-A.
Published: October 2024

Proton exchange membrane electrolysis cells (PEMEC) are a key technology for producing “green hydrogen” – a sustainable energy carrier and platform for synthesizing manifold chemicals. To bolster performance and durability of PEMEC and accelerate market ramp-up of a green hydrogen economy, this study aims to elucidate operation-induced changes in an PEMEC cell operated under realistic conditions for over 5,000 hours. This investigation has uncovered a new systematic aging phenomenon of current pathways caused by cross-plane formation of iridium filaments within the membrane, showing a correlation between filament formation and the anode - porous transport layer (PTL) interface. Experiments and computational modeling substantiate that these currents reduce system performance and impair hydrogen generation efficiency.
Assessment of Knowledge on Malaria Diagnosis and Prevention: Exploring the Link between Awareness and Low Malaria Transmission Levels
Authors: Etukudoh Nkereuwem Sunday , Akpan Emmanuel Alphonsus , Ocheola-Oki Joyce Ene , Essiet Akanimo Gordon , Udo Cecilia Leo , Akpan Hilary Andrew , Mantu Eno Chongs , Eggon Emmanuel Julius , Umondak Uduakobong James
Published: October 2024

This article evaluates the awareness of malaria diagnosis and prevention, emphasizing the link between understanding low malaria transmission and achieving elimination. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 600 staff from three medical institutions in Jos, Nigeria, between March and June 2023. Results showed that 97.33% of participants had heard of malaria, with hospital workers being the main information source (38%). Stagnant water was identified as the primary mosquito breeding site (80%), and fever with shivering/sweating was the most recognized symptom (45.33%). Notably, 66.67% of participants were unaware of low malaria transmission levels and associated elimination challenges. Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) emerged as the best-known prevention method (41.67%), while 63.33% were unaware of malaria vaccines. The study found significant positive correlations between awareness of low malaria transmission and malaria prevention (rs= 0.225, P=0.001) and diagnosis (rs= 0.403, P <0.001); (rs= 0.330, P <0.001 ) across different institutions. The findings suggest that enhancing awareness of low malaria transmission could significantly improve knowledge of malaria diagnosis and prevention strategies, ultimately supporting elimination efforts.
Customized Treatment of Graves' Disease by Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach: A Retrospective Cohort Study with Long-term
Follow-up
Authors: WU YIJU
Published: October 2024

Purpose
Graves' Disease (GD) management often requires surgical intervention when medical therapy fails. The Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach (TOETVA) has emerged as a promising scarless technique. This study evaluates the efficacy, safety, and cosmetic outcomes of customized TOETVA techniques in GD treatment.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of 33 GD patients who underwent TOETVA between January 2019 and March 2024. Patients received one of three procedures: Total Thyroidectomy (TT, n = 11), bilateral Subtotal Thyroidectomy (ST, n = 7), or Dunhill procedure (Dh, n = 15). Outcomes were assessed over a 6–69 month follow-up period.
Results
TT and Dh were significantly more effective in preventing recurrent hyperthyroidism compared to ST (0/26 vs. 4/7, p < 0.006). The Dh group showed a higher incidence of postoperative hypothyroidism than ST (13/15 vs. 2/7, p < 0.001). Temporary hypoparathyroidism was more common in the TT group (3/11 vs. 0/22, p = 0.037). Intraoperative blood loss was significantly higher in the ST group (175.71 ± 299.38 ml) compared to Dh (27 ± 61.99 ml) and TT (4.91 ± 3.24 ml) groups (p < 0.001). No permanent hypoparathyroidism or recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries were observed.
Conclusion
Customized TOETVA for GD demonstrates safety and efficacy, with TT and Dh showing superior outcomes in preventing recurrent hyperthyroidism. The choice of technique should be tailored to individual patient factors, balancing the risks of recurrence and postoperative thyroid dysfunction.
Deep Learning Techniques for Medical Image Analysis and Diagnosis
Authors: Olaoye Favour , Egon Axel , Doris Lucas
Published: October 2024

Deep learning techniques have revolutionized the field of medical image analysis and diagnosis, offering unprecedented accuracy and efficiency in the interpretation of complex medical data. This paper reviews the application of various deep learning architectures, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), in the context of medical imaging modalities such as X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans. We discuss the critical preprocessing steps, such as data augmentation and normalization, that enhance model performance. The integration of deep learning with other artificial intelligence methodologies, such as transfer learning and reinforcement learning, is also explored, highlighting their potential to improve diagnostic capabilities.
Furthermore, the challenges associated with the implementation of deep learning in clinical settings, including data privacy, interpretability of models, and the necessity for large annotated datasets, are addressed. Case studies demonstrate the successful deployment of deep learning algorithms in detecting diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular conditions, and neurological disorders. The paper concludes by emphasizing the transformative impact of deep learning on medical diagnostics, the ongoing research needed to overcome current limitations, and the future potential for these technologies to support healthcare professionals in delivering timely and accurate patient care.
Generalized Method of Moments and Percentile Method:
Estimating parameters of the Novel Median Based Unit Weibull Distribution
Authors: Attia Iman Mohammed
Published: October 2024

The Median Based Unit Weibull is a new 2 parameter unit Weibull distribution defined on the unit interval (0,1). Estimation of the parameters using MLE encountered some problems like large variance. Using generalized method of moments (GMMs) and percentile method may ameliorate this condition. This paper introduces GMMs and the percentile methods for estimating the parameters of the new distribution with illustrative real data analysis.
Computational Insights Into Transition Metal Behavior: a Dft Study on Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe) and Cobalt (Co)
Authors: Awan Mazhar Haleem
Published: October 2024

In this work, structural computations are carried out utilizing (FP-LAPW+lo) for Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co. The Wu-Cohen functional (WC) approach in computational density functional analysis deals with the lattice constants problem. The structural and geometric optimization characteristics are computed, revealing that all of these materials are metallic in nature. The cobalt Co is the d-block element, stable in ferromagnetic (FM) phase due to its lowest energy, calculated as -5572.261 Rydberg, in WIEN2k scientific code.
Ein Plädoyer für die Brennnessel
Authors: Steinecke Hilke
Published: October 2024

Sie gilt als lästiges "Unkraut", das aus dem Garten entfernt werden sollte. Dabei ist die Große Brennnessel äußerst nützlich - und für den Fortbestand zahlreicher Schmetterlingsarten sogar überlebenswichtig.
Vom Umgang mit Insekten rund ums Jahr
Authors: Steinecke Hilke
Published: October 2024

Insekten begegnen uns auf Schritt und Tritt. Über bunte Schmetterlinge oder glänzende Käfer freuen sich alle. Wespen am spätsommerlichen Kaffeetisch im Garten oder Stechmücken sind dagegen lästig und unbeliebt. Mit einigen Tipps für den  Umgang mit Insekten lässt sich das Zusammenleben angenehmer gestalten und obendrein die Artenvielfalt fördern.
Slaves as Gifts to Accompany Letters: A Critical Study of the Bo’ Abdul Kadim
Authors: Dewi Ratna Muchlisa Mandyara  , Titin Nurhayati Ma’mun  , Hazmirullah Aminuddin
Published: October 2024

This study discusses the tradition of letters in the kingdom of Bima, especially concerning giving enslaved people as gifts to accompany letters. The data for this study were taken from the manuscript bundle of bo’ (official royal records) during the reign of Sultan Abdul Kadim Muhammad Shah (1751–1773). Now, the manuscript is part of the collection of the Samparaja Cultural Museum, Bima, West Nusa Tenggara and is coded C.011 Bo. Within the manuscript bundle, we found 117 (out of a total of 548) letters discussing slaves and slavery in the Bima kingdom. We first used philological research methods, then these texts were analysed with historical records to obtain a complete understanding of slaves and slavery in the 18th century AD societal traditions. The results showed that slaves giving as a gift accompanying the letter was a symbol of respect for the recipient of the letter, which was following the Malay correspondence tradition. For local rulers, slaves were the most valuable treasure. Slaves were also a determinant of social status among the nobility in the past. This practice applies not only in Bima but throughout the Malay land and even Southeast Asia.
Pedagogia - Licenciatura: Desafios, evasões e desistências no contexto da Pandemia da covid-19 na Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS)
Authors: Bocacio Cristiane Barcellos , Severo Rita Cristine Basso Soares , Mousquer Amanda Garcia
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo é resultado dos dados produzidos pelo projeto de pesquisa realizado na Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul cujo objetivo inicial foi discutir os desafios atuais da formação de professores para a educação básica no Brasil e o papel da UERGS nesse processo enquanto Universidade Pública Estadual. Devido ao contexto pandêmico o projeto passou a ter como objetivo compreender quais foram os desafios enfrentados pelos acadêmicos do curso de Pedagogia –Licenciatura da UERGS, no contexto da Pandemia da COVID-19. Ao longo da pesquisa foram analisados dados do Curso de Pedagogia- Licenciatura, da UERGS em São Luiz Gonzaga/RS. Para alcançar os fins aqui pretendidos, a pesquisa teve foco no levantamento de dados quantitativos, capitaneados no departamento de registros acadêmicos, superintendência de planejamento e secretaria da UERGS em São Luiz Gonzaga. Utilizou-se também no decorrer dos estudos e da investigação, as rodas de conversas e os formulários google forms. Como resultados da pesquisa emergem diversas (“novas”) problemáticas. Entre elas encontram-se: a qualidade do ensino resultante da falta de planejamento de atividades em “meios digitais”, o descontentamento dos acadêmicos que não conseguem acompanhar o ensino remoto; o acesso limitado (ou inexistente) dos acadêmicos às tecnologias necessárias, principalmente ao acesso à internet.
O sistema de ensino e a luta por libertação em Guiné-Bissau, a práxis político educacional do PAIGC e os diálogos de Paulo Freire
Authors: De Souza Leticia Oliveira , Lage Allene Carvalho
Published: October 2024

As análises deste artigo se debruçam acerca dos processos educacionais da Guiné-Bissau durante a revolução armada, estudando as principais características, dados e estatísticas do ensino colonial imposto pelos lusos e as críticas de Amílcar Cabral ao regime educativo assimilacionista que reforçava a continuidade da dominação e submissão. Identificando o projeto de reestruturação nacional proposto pelo PAIGC, o estudo aborda a chegada de Paulo Freire a Guiné-Bissau, convidado pelo ministério da educação do país, e sua práxis político-educacional diante das complexidades da nova nação. Propomos um diálogo crítico com a máquina do Estado, aqui representada pelos líderes do PAIGC e sua mais significativa decisão: a adoção da língua portuguesa no processo de reafricanização de mentalidades, mediante a educação revolucionária que seria desenvolvida no país, à medida que se tem o dilema de Freire: como exercer uma pedagogia libertadora e a completa emancipação de mentes, alfabetizando com a língua do colonizador?
Diálogos entre o conceito de ideologia de Freire e decolonialidade
Authors: Pereira Josilaine Antunes , Hoffmann Valdemir Luís dos Santos , Dos Santos Rafael Tizatto
Published: October 2024

Ideologia é um dos conceitos fundamentais da obra de Paulo Freire, sendo também um dos mais importantes do pensamento marxista. Um conceito que não só nos auxilia a compreender melhor a nossa realidade e as suas contradições, como também serve enquanto um convite para a luta política, nos revelando porquê lutar, pelo quê lutar e contra o quê lutar. Neste sentindo, o conceito de ideologia converge de forma inequívoca com o pensamento colonial, que, assim como fez Freire, se esforça por revelar os disfarces do poder e a forma como este trabalha para moldar o nosso sentir, pensar e agir de modo a manter o status quo e consequentemente o seu privilégio. O presente artigo buscará aprofundar nas aproximações existentes entre a proposta de Paulo Freire e o pensamento decolonial, na luta contra a ideologia desenvolvida por essas perspectivas teóricas e como ambas podem contribuir para as transformações sociais que são necessárias quando elas são refletidas em conjunto, mais do que consideradas isoladamente. Tal estudo prezou por metodologia de cunho bibliográfico explorando as obras de Paulo Freire (1967, 2003, 2005, 2014, 2019); Mignolo (2003, 2007, 2010, 2017); Ballestrin (2013); Maldonado-Torres (2007, 2008) e outros pensadores da epistemologia da decolonialide.
Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi dengan Menggunakan Media Loose Part Untuk Membangun Merdeka Belajar Anak Usia Dini Di RA Al Hidayah
Authors: Aghna Rosyada Dinda Amalia
Published: October 2024

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah kurangnya kemandirian anak dalam mengembangkan kemampuan sesuai dengan apa yang diinginkan. Keadaan ini terlihat pada saat anak menyampaikan kalimat “tidak bisa bu guru” atau “bagaimana ini bu guru” untuk menyelesaikan kegiatan mainan yang dapat menghasilkan sebuah hasil karya bebas dari anak. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu tentang pembelajaran dengan menerapkan media pembelajaran berbahan loose part untuk membangun merdeka belajar anak usia dini, dengan jumlah subjek penelitian 12 anak yaitu 4 laki-laki dan 8 perempuan. Penelitian ini adalah bagian dari penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan observasi dan wawancara, sedangkan instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan bermain dengan media loose part membantu anak untuk berkarya sesuai dengan apa yang diinginkan. Kesimpulan penelitian menyatakan bahwa penerapan media pembelajaran berbahan loose part dapat membangun merdeka belajar anak usia dini dengan kebebasan bermain. Strategi yang dilakukan oleh guru seperti penataan lingkungan yang berbeda, penggunaan bermacam bahan loose part, pertanyaan-pertanyaan terbuka yang diajukan baik dari guru maupun anak didik, serta memilih bahan yang diinginkan pada saat proses dan hasil karya yang telah diamati guru diharapkan dapat membangun kemerdekaan belajar bagi anak usia dini secara optimal.
Frequency of COVID-19 Among Pregnant Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Lahore: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Farida Sabeen  , Rukhsana Hameed  , Khan Summia , Faisal Mushtaq  , Muhammad Mudassar Aslam  , Zarfishan Tahir
Published: October 2024

AbstractCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) among pregnant women is a major health concern. Determining the incidence of COVID-19 among pregnant women is crucial for providing appropriate care. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of COVID-19 in pregnant females at a Tertiary care Hospital, Lahore. It was a cross-sectional study conducted among 150 pregnant females through convenient sampling from Gynecology & Obstetrics outpatient department (OPD) of tertiary care hospital, Lahore. Data was obtained through questionnaire. COVID-19 status was confirmed by nasopharyngeal swabs for real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 24.0. Chi-square test was used, with p-value <0.05 was considered significant. The frequency of COVID-19 was 4.7% among 150 pregnant females. About 130(86.7%) females were vaccinated for COVID-19, among them only 2 % were found positive (p=0.000). About 30(20.0%) females were symptomatic however only 1.3% were found positive (p=0.561). There were 23(15.3%) pregnant females who had risk factors but only 1.3% were found positive (p=0.319) for COVID-19.Education and vaccination status were significant factors for COVID-19 infection. The study concluded that the frequency of COVID-19 was 4.7% among pregnant females, with education and vaccination status being significant factors.
Measurement and spatiotemporal differentiation of green water resources utilization efficiency in the Yellow River Basin
Authors: Song Haojing , Liu Zhihao
Published: October 2024

To further explore the green water resources utilization efficiency (WRUE) in this basin, a corresponding method was designed. First, a measurement index system for WRUE was studied and constructed. With this indicator system, the study introduced a data envelopment analysis model to analyze it, and then combined the relaxation variable analysis strategy to comprehensively analyze the accuracy of WRUE. The experiment outcomes indicated that in the WRUE of the Yellow River Basin (YRB), the pure technical UE changed the most and was in an effective utilization state. However, overall, the average values of scale efficiency and green UE within the basin were both below 1, indicating that it has not been fully utilized effectively. Besides, the average utilization efficiency of water resources in the upper, middle, and lower reaches was 0.51, 0.63, and 0.85, respectively. The analysis results prove that the measurement method designed in the research can effectively analyze the WRUE of the YRB, provide effective support for the efficient and circular development of the regional economy, and promote regional economic development.
A literature review: rainfall thresholds as flash flood monitoring for an early warning system
Authors: Qatrinnada Winona Fritzie Putri , Hidayah Entin , Halik Gusfan , Wiyono Retno Utami Agung
Published: October 2024

Flash floods are hydrometeorological disasters that are increasingly common and have a major impact on people's lives. This study uses a systematic literature review to evaluate various methods for determining rainfall thresholds, including empirical, hydrological, and machine learning approaches, as part of a flash flood early warning system. This study uses systematic literature review to evaluate various methods for determining rainfall thresholds, including empirical and hydrological approaches. Empirical methods use historical data to find patterns of relationships between rainfall and flood events, while hydrological approaches take into account the physical characteristics of the watershed to model the hydrological response to rainfall. The results show that empirical methods, although easy to implement, often unable to adequately handle spatial and temporal variations in rainfall. In contrast, hydrological approaches provide better accuracy but require more detailed and comprehensive data. Machine learning offers a promising solution with its ability to analyze big data adaptively and in real-time, improving prediction accuracy. The integration of these three approaches can result in a more effective early warning system, especially in facing the challenges of climate change. This study concludes that the combination of traditional methods and advanced technologies can significantly reduce the impact of flash flood disasters.
Upcycling of steel slag to activate persulfate for the degradation of chlortetracycline hydrochloride: Performance and mechanism
Authors: Shi Jinyu , Lan Xiong , Yan Cuirong , Zhou Xintao , Luo Zhongqiu , Zhao Shimin , He Zhengqing
Published: October 2024

Steel slag has great potential as an Fe-based heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst because of its high iron content and low cost. However, the iron compounds are often encapsulated by calcium or silicon compounds in the steel slag. Herein, steel slag powder was acid-modified with salicylic acid to remove some Ca–Si compounds and thus expose more iron active sites. The results showed that the calcium content significantly decreased from 36.33 to 20.54% after modification, and more transition metals of Fe and Mn with catalytic activities were exposed simultaneously. During the activation of peroxysulphate, the conversion of Fe(Ⅱ) to Fe(Ⅲ) occurs and large amounts of •OH and 1O2 are produced as the main reactive oxygen species. The removal rates of CTC and TOC are 93.42 and 46.05%, respectively, and a degradation process may also be inhibited by CO32−, H2PO4−, and humic acid (HA). The degradation pathways of CTC mainly include both dechlorination and demethylation. In addition, salicylic acid-modified steel slag shows good repeated usability, and its removal ability is maintained at higher than 80% after four times of recycling. This study provides a new idea for designing an efficient and cheap catalyst to treat organic wastewater.
Multifactorial challenges in cardiometabolic disease management: patient, healthcare system, and environmental barriers
Authors: Ambari Ade Meidian
Published: October 2024

Cardiometabolic disease is a complicated issue characterized by various contributing factors. The patients typically have multiple comorbidities with mostly modifiable risk factors. Regarding cardiovascular risk factors, patients' long-term dedication, bad diets, sedentary lifestyles, and psychological problems should be closely monitored. In addition to the patient's internal characteristics, environmental factors such as air pollution have also been linked to cardiovascular-related morbidity and death. Improved public health policy and therapeutic resource fulfillment are crucial to reducing the disease burden and ensuring better patient outcomes. The Government should improve the system and encourage the implementation of guidelines-based cardiovascular disease management. Keyword: cardiometabolic, cardiovascular disease, environmental exposure, health policy, risk factors
Impact of clinical features on in-hospital outcomes in premature coronary artery disease patients post percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Noverike Nikhen , Rohman Mohammad Saifur , Rahimah Anna Fuji , Rizal Ardian , Prasetya Indra
Published: October 2024

Background: Premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) is a significant health concern globally, characterized by the onset of coronary atherosclerosis at an early age. The development of PCAD is influenced by a variety of risk factors and leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite advancements in interventions, the clinical and angiographic characteristics influencing in-hospital outcomes for these patients remain underexplored. Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between clinical features and in-hospital outcomes in patients with premature CAD post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital. Method: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 1279 patients who underwent PCI for premature CAD the period of January 2022–December 2023. Clinical information was gathered from medical records, including risk factors and angiographic results. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 22, employing univariate, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses to determine correlations. Result: The study included 1279 patients, with 438 in the premature CAD group and 841 in the non-premature CAD group. Significant differences were observed in age, sex distribution, BMI, lipid profiles, smoking status, and family history between the groups. Premature CAD patients were younger (mean age 50 vs. 64.8, p<0.001) and had higher rates of smoking and dyslipidemia. Angiographic analysis showed significant differences in LAD and LCx involvement and occlusion rates. In-hospital outcomes indicated higher incidences of shock, cardiac complications, and in-hospital mortality in the non-premature CAD group. Conclusion: Clinical and angiographic characteristics significantly influence in-hospital outcomes for premature CAD patients. Younger age, smoking, and dyslipidemia were prevalent risk factors. Enhanced management strategies focusing on these factors could improve patient outcomes. Keyword: angiography findings, clinical characteristics, in-hospital outcomes, percutaneous coronary intervention, premature coronary artery disease
Successful elimination of double accessory pathways: a rare case of co-existence between right inferoseptal WPW and left lateral AVRT
Authors: Yudha Ardi , Ardhianto Pipin
Published: October 2024

Background: Managing double accessory pathways (APs) in the clinical setting presents significant challenges, primarily due to the rarity of this condition and the complexities involved in both diagnosis and treatment. Case Presentation: A 51-year-old male presented with recurrent episodes of palpitation. Electrocardiography (ECG) revealed a sinus rhythm with a pre-excitation pattern that was characterized by a delta wave morphology. This pattern showed a negative deflection in V1, a transitional zone in V2, and negativity in lead III and aVF, which indicated an accessory pathway through the right infero-septal pathway. Further evaluation with electrophysiology study (EPS) confirmed the presence of accessory pathways, with the right infero-septal pathway exhibiting pre-excitation during sinus rhythm. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) successfully eliminated the right infero-septal accessory pathway. Subsequently, coronary sinus propagation shifted from a concentric to an eccentric pattern, indicating another accessory pathway from the left lateral region. Another mapping was performed retrogradely at the mitral annulus, revealing ventriculoatrial (VA) fusion at the left lateral area and demonstrating inducible atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT). RFA successfully eliminated the left lateral accessory pathway, resulting retrograde block. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of thorough diagnostics and tailored treatment strategies in managing dual APs, emphasizing the effectiveness of EPS-guided RFA for complex arrhythmias. Keyword: atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia, double accessory pathway, radiofrequency ablation, wolf-parkinson-white syndrome