bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SPATIOTEMPORAL TRENDS OF CASES OF PANDEMIC INFLUENZA A(H1N1)PDM09 IN ARGENTINA, 2009-2012
Authors: LEVEAU Carlos M. , UEZ Osvaldo , VACCHINO Marta N.
Published: April 2015

The aim of this paper was to analyze the spatiotemporal variations of cases of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in Argentina. A space-time permutation scan statistic was performed to test the non-randomness in the interaction between space and time in reported influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases. In 2009, two clusters were recorded in the east of Buenos Aires Province (May and June) and in the central and northern part of Argentina (July and August). Between 2011 and 2012, clusters near areas bordering other countries were registered. Within the clusters, in 2009, the high notification rates were first observed in the school-age population and then extended to the older population (15-59 years). From 2011 onwards, higher rates of reported cases of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 occurred in children under five years in center of the country. Two stages of transmission of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 can be characterized. The first stage had high rates of notification and a possible interaction with individuals from other countries in the major cities of Argentina (pattern of hierarchy), and the second stage had an increased interaction in some border areas without a clear pattern of hierarchy. These results suggest the need for greater coordination in the Southern Cone countries, in order to implement joint prevention and vaccination policies.
Neural adaptations in isometric contractions with EMG and force biofeedback
Authors: Locks Francisco , Santos Heleodório Honorato dos , Carvalho Luis Carlos , Stolt Lígia Raquel Ortiz Gomes , Ferreira José Jamacy de Almeida
Published: April 2015

This study aimed to evaluate the quadriceps femoris neural adaptations during isometric contractions using force and electromyogram (EMG) signals as visual biofeedback. Forty-two participants were randomly assigned to three groups: EMG group, tested with EMG biofeedback; Force group, tested with force biofeedback; and Control group, tested without biofeedback. Evaluations were performed pre (baseline) and post-tests to determine the maximum force and EMG amplitude during maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). The tests consisted of series of MVICs in which the participants were encouraged to surpass the force or EMG thresholds determined at baseline. The vastus lateralis EMG amplitude and knee extensor force increased significantly in all groups when compared the baseline and post-test evaluations values (p < .05). EMG percentage gain was significantly different between Force and Control groups (p < .01), while force percentage gain was not different between groups. Force biofeedback was more effective in producing neural adaptations.
Selections from Len Lye and the Problem of Popular Films (1938)
Authors: Jackson Laura (Riding) , Fragopoulos George
Published: April 2015

In 1926 the new zealand artist, writer, and budding filmmaker len lye arrived in london by way of sydney, australia.

Only twenty-five years old, Lye was still a few years away from his first breakthrough in film: Tusalava (1929), a nine-minute animated film composed of over 4,400 drawings that took nearly two years to complete (Horrocks, Len Lye 91). The artist would spend the next two decades in London, years in which his association with the General Post Office Film Unit would provide him with the resources he needed to create some of his most famous films, such as A Colour Box (1935), Rainbow Dance (1936), and N or NW (1938).

In December 1925, a young American poet by the name of Laura Gottschalk—soon to change her name to Laura Riding—followed Robert Graves's advice and moved to London. While she had yet to publish a book of poems, her poetry had appeared in a number of literary journals, most notably the Fugitive (Jacobs xvii). Her first collection, The Close Chaplet, was published by Leonard and Virginia Woolf's Hogarth Press in October 1926.
Helen Tartar and the Culture of Bookishness, 1951-2014
Authors: Freedman Jonathan
Published: April 2015

What are we mourning when we mourn helen tartar's loss? we are responding, first and foremost, to the loss of a friend, a collaborator, a companion in crime. Like so many, I owe my career to Helen. She plucked me out of a professional abyss at a crucial pre-promotion moment, got a stalled manuscript accepted, into production, and out into the world in an unheard-of nine months. Along the way she sent me countless messages of support testifying (I can now see) to her savvy and ingenuity but phrased in a way that made me think it was merely my due. Heady stuff for an oppressed-feeling assistant professor at an Ivy League school coming up for promotion to associate professor, and inspiring enough in all the right ways to catalyze not just that promotion but a continuing sense that someone—somewhere—would respond to my work and push me in the right directions. More than an editor, Helen was the reader I—we all—yearn for: responsive, generous, exacting.
Helen's List
Authors: Lezra Jacques
Published: April 2015

The battle is not yet joined, and the poet has listed for us the array of warriors, of ships, of forces. “tell me now,” the poet ofThe Iliadhas sung, in Richmond Lattimore's translation, “you Muses who have your homes on Olympos. / For you, who are goddesses, are there, and you know all things, / and we have heard only the rumor of it and know nothing. / Who then of those were the chief men and the lords of the Danaäns?” (2.484-88). Then the catalog: the list. In the Homeric tradition, a catalog unrolls under the guarding eye of the Muses, the witnesses, under the keeping and inspiring eye of divine and distant figures who have seen the scene, whose witnessing we imagine, from whom we borrow the faint authority we wear when we begin our own songs. These Homeric lists seem to us scattershot today—this ship here, that one there, a warrior next to another warrior simply on the grounds that, yes, there he stands. And yet to the extent that they turn on the authority of the fact, of a divine witness who reports this disorder and from whom we take the rumors of the fact, Homer's lists are at core structured, signed, legitimated.The Iliadis not only the story of the encounter between Trojans and Achaeans; it is also the story of the encounter between two phenomenologies—one envisioning orders of events, names on a list, as they present themselves to us, rumored, accidentally, contingently; another envisioning the order of what presents itself according to the signature of the presiding Muse, according to an immanent principle of structure derivable, if at all, from the totality of the list. These two encounters and these two phenomenologies don't line up; they're fought on different fields and at different levels; they have different scopes. One phenomenology is in principle endless—there's always another matter at hand; we cannot foreclose the possibility that another ship will appear; and the chaos of the battle always means that another figure, foe or friend, may step before us when we least expect it. The other is always bounded, limited on both sides by the immanent unfolding of its principle: that this or that friend or foe should have appeared makes manifest, sub specie aeternitatis, the reason for his, or her, appearing.
NZ@FRANKFURT: IMAGINING NEW ZEALAND’S GUEST OF HONOUR PRESENTATION AT THE 2012 FRANKFURT BOOK FAIR FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF LITERARY TRANSLATION
Authors: Kölling Angela
Published: April 2015

With over 7,000 exhibitors from over 100 countries and circa 300,000 visitors each year the Frankfurt Book Fair is a playground for political, economic, and cultural imaginings, including many domestic and foreign places. The Book Fair is often conceived of and studied as a site of intercultural politics and commerce but has not yet fully been explored as a site of translation and translator’s agency. This essay offers critical reflections upon metaphors for the translator, arguing that a shift of the base metaphor in comparative literature studies of translation from conflict to friction could redirect interdisciplinary translation studies. I propose that the friction metaphor leads toward an appropriate balance between complex detail and ordering reduction of data that allows us to describe the intensity and the challenges of translation without recreating the old-established realities we already know.
FILMSTADT IN THE VORSTADT: LOCATIONALITY IN THE FILMMAKING PRACTICE OF MIHÁLY/ MICHAEL KERTÉSZ/ CURTIZ
Authors: Ingram Susan
Published: April 2015

The article examines the largest and most monumental of the silent film epics produced in the Austrian republic: Sodom und Gomorrha (1922). In seeking out the film’s shooting location, an abandoned site of clay pits  and hilly grasslands at the southern edge of Vienna, the article explores what the site’s history and current incarnation as part of a Kurpark reveal about the filmmaker’s urban imaginary and the role of technology in modernizing it, and it establishes parallels between the early work he did under the name Michael Kertész and the later success of his cult classicCasablanca.
Interaction of human cytokeratins with isatin analogues
Authors: Buneeva O.A. , Gnedenko O.V. , Fedchenko V.I. , Ivanov A.S. , Medvedev A.E.
Published: April 2015

Using an optical biosensor Biacore 3000 the interaction of human recombinant cytokeratins (CK) with isatin analogues (5-aminocaproyl-isatin and 5-aminoisatin) immobilized on the CM-5 chip has been investigated. CK-14 effectively interacted with 5-aminocaproyl-isatin immobilized on the carboxymethyl dextran chip surface, but not with a "shorter" analogue (5-aminoisatin). In contrast to CK14 CK8 effectively interacted only with 5-aminoisatin. In both cases cytokeratin binding with the immobilized isatin analogues was characterized by rather high affinity (Kd of 0.7 μM for the pair CK14/immobilized 5-aminocaproylisatin and 1.7 μM for the pair CK8/immobilized 5-aminoisatin). CK20 did not interact with both immobilized isatin analogues. Taking into consideration non-specific binding of mouse CK14 and rat CK8 with 5-aminocaproyl-Sepharose we have performed comparative analysis of amino acid sequences of human, mouse, and rat CK8 and CK14. The data obtained suggest that in the case of human, mouse, and rat CK14 the N-terminal domain is the most variable amoung these species, whereas the major differences between amino acid sequences of human, mouse, and rat CK8 have been found both in N-terminal and C-terminal regions.
Appearance of the imprinting effect on the specific pattern of intracellular distribution of copper ions in the liver after exposure to high concentrations of copper sulfate
Authors: Bozhkov A.I. , Sidorov V.I. , Dlubovskaya V.L. , Shevtsova M.Ya. , Surov Yu.N.
Published: April 2015

Fractions of copper-binding protein (CBP) specifically bound copper ions were extracted from the rat liver cell cytosole. These fractions of 10-14 kDa proteins are involved in specific pattern of intracellular distribution of copper ions. The imprinting effect of specific pattern of copper ions intracellular distribution has been found. The effect was detected 30 days after sequented injections of copper sulfate into the body. It was shown, that after primary injection of copper the ability of CBP to bind copper ions could increase tenfold, regardless of schemes of copper sulfate injection.
The antioxidant status at patients with a thyreotoxicosis syndrome at the combined therapy with epifamin
Authors: Popov S.S. , Pashkov A.N. , Zoloedov V.I. , Popova T.N. , Rakhmanova T.I.
Published: April 2015

The work purpose was research of degree of free-radical processes intensity and catalase activity in blood serum of patients with a thyreotoxicosis syndrome at traditional treatment and the combined therapy with epifamin. Patients (n=25) have been divided into 2 groups: the first group of patients - 12 persons who are on traditional treatment (antithyreoid drugs, β-adrenoblockers); the second group - 13 persons, are padding to basic therapy received epifamin on 1 tablet (10 mg) 3 times a day 10-15 minutes prior to meal within 7 days. Patients with thyreotoxicosis syndrome had an intensification of free-radical oxidation that was traced at measurement of biochemiluminescence parameters in blood serum. At the combined therapy with epifamin less expressed intensity of free-radical processes, and also increasing of the general antioxidant activity of an organism that did not descend at traditional treatment was observed. At carrying out of standard therapy of thyreotoxicosis syndrome, including application of antithyreoid drugs and β-adrenoblockers, catalase activity decreased, that unfavorable affected antioxidant potential of an organism. At the combined therapy with epifamin level of catalase activity, on the contrary, increased, that could influence positively on antioxidant protection of an organism.
Novel view of the architecture of the non-catalytic n-terminal region of ATP-dependent lona proteases
Authors: Rotanova T.V. , Melnikov E.E.
Published: April 2015

ATP-Dependent Lon proteases are components of the protein quality control system, which maintains a keeping of cellular proteome. Lon family consists of two subfamilies A and B, differing in subunit architecture and intracellular location. The reinterpretation of the domain organization of the non-catalytic N-terminal region of ATP-dependent LonA proteases is proposed. Using Escherichia coli LonA protease (EcLon) as an example it has been shown that a fragment (αN-domain), which is located between the N-terminal domain and the ААА+ module of that protein, is similar to the α1-domain of the first ААА+ module of chaperone-disaggregase ClpB. A coiled-coil (СС) region included in the αN-domain of LonA is similar to the M domain of ClpB chaperones, which is inserted into the α1-domain. This region is suggested to adopt the structure similar to the propeller-like (PL) domain. The typical architecture of the N-terminal region of LonA proteases is postulated to be characterized by the obligatory presence of a PL domain, included in the αN-domain, but may vary in the length and topology of the preceding N-terminal domain.
Liver nuclear hormone receptor PPAR, LXR and RXR expression and blood lipid and glucose levels in susceptible and resistent to hepatocarcinogenesis strain of mice
Authors: Pivovarova E.N. , Baginskaya N.V. , Perepechaeva M.L. , Ilnitskaya S.I. , Dushkin M.I.
Published: April 2015

Earlier it was shown that male mice of the DD/He strain were highly susceptible to ortho-aminoasotoluene (OAT) induced hepatocarcinogenesis, and resistant to spontaneous liver tumor development as compared to the СС57BR/Mv strain. In the present work we have made a comparative investigation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), liver X-receptor (LXR) and retinoic X-receptor (RXR) mRNA levels in liver as well as concentrations of corticosterone, glucose, lipids and insulin in blood of male DD/He and СС57BR/Mv mice. Using the multiplex RT-PCR method it was found that PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, RXR-α and RXR-β mRNA content was essentially decreased in the liver of DD mice as compared to mice of the СС57BR strain. No significant interstrain differences of LXR-α and LXR-β mRNA content were found. In DD micetere was more then the 3-fold decrease of blood content of corticosterone, which is involved in PPAR and RXR regulation. DD mice demonstrated a significant decrease in blood serum glucose and insulin concentrations as well as higher reactivity to insulin as compared with СС57BR mice. Elevated blood total cholesterol and cholesterol HDL level were found in DD mice whereas triglyceride content was basically the same in both mouse strains. It is known that glucocorticoids, PPAR and RXR play crucial role in transcription regulation of inflammation response. Therefore our data allow to suggest that decreased corticosterone level in blood, PPAR and RXR mRNA content in liver of the DD strain may lead to induction of inflammation by OAT exposure, resulting in a high incidence of tumorigenesis in this strain.
The role of magnetosomes in cellular homeostasis disorder and development of pathology
Authors: Iskusnykh I.Y. , Popova T.N.
Published: April 2015

Literature data on magnitosomes, the nanocrystals formed during natural biomineralization have been summarized. Special attention is paid to magnitosome effect on physiological and biochemical processes, impairments of cell homeostasis and development of various pathologies. It is suggested that the increase in quantity and sizes of magnetosomes, spatial rearrangement, and modification of their crystalline substance exert substantial effect on development of pathological processes.
L-Cysteine Influx in Type 2 Diabetic Erythrocytes
Authors: Rizvi S.I. , Srivastava N.
Published: April 2015

Erythrocyte oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, and the deficiency of antioxidant defense by the glutathione (GSH) pathway is thought to be one of the factors responsible for development of complications in diabetes. Erythrocytes require L-cysteine for the synthesis of GSH and the rate of synthesis is determined only by L-cysteine availability. In the present study we have found that the L-cysteine influx in erythrocytes from type 2 diabetic patients was significantly lower compared to age-matched controls. The decreased influx may be one of the factors leading to low GSH concentration observed in type 2 diabetes. Since L-cysteine is the limiting amino acid in GSH synthesis, any strategy aimed to increase L-cysteine influx in erythrocytes may be beneficial for type 2 diabetic patients.
Biochemical activity hyperbranched poliol Boltorn H20 and polycarboxyBoltorn H20 in relation to aspartic proteinase of Candida albicans
Authors: Kutyreva M.P. , Ulakhovich N.A. , Usmanova G.Sh. , Kutyrev G.A. , Glushko N.I. , Khaldeeva E.V.
Published: April 2015

Hyperbranched polyol Boltorn H20 and polycarboxyBoltorn H20 synthesized on its multifunctional nanoscaffold influence catalytic activity of aspartic proteinase Candida albicans (C. alb.). The results of study catalytic activity proteinase C. alb. in relation to hemoglobin at presence Boltorn Н20 show, that the effect of activation is mainly observed. The inhibition effect much more poorly also has dot character. PolycarboxyBoltorn H20 render activating effect in area of high concentration (1×10-3 - 5×10-4 M), however this effect is stronger (140%). A kinetic parameters enzyme proteolysis of hemoglobin (the maximal speed (Vm) and Mikhaelis constant (Km)) are estimated, seeming types are certain and constants at presence Boltorn H20 and policarboxyBoltorn H20 are calculated.
Computer modeling of the promising inhibitors of the hiv-1 subtype a replication as a framework for the rational anti-aids drug design
Authors: Andrianov A.M. , Anishchenko I.V.
Published: April 2015

The model of the structural complex of cyclophilin B belonging to the immunophilins family with the HIV-1 subtype A V3 loop presenting the principal neutralizing determinant of the virus gp120 envelope protein as well as determinants of cell tropism and syncutium formation was generated by molecular docking methods. Basing on the conformational and energy characteristics of the built complex, computer-aided design of the polypeptide able to block effectively the functionally crucial V3 segments was implemented. From the joint analysis of the results derived with the data of literature, the generated molecule was suggested to offer a promising pharmacological substance for making a reality of the protein engineering projects aimed at developing the anti-AIDS drugs able to stop the HIV's spread.
Biochemical characteristics of iodperoxidase activity of human saliva
Authors: Belevich V.K. , Sentchouk V.V.
Published: April 2015

Peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of iodide in human saliva leads to the formation of a brown product with λmax 287 nm and 353 nm (I3-) identified by the method of UV-spectrophotometry. I3- directly reacts with starch producing the characteristic blue complex. Salivary iodide peroxidase activity was found to be from 1.2 to 2.3 times higher then the activity of salivary peroxidases with natural substrates (SCN- and Cl-). Optimum for the iodide peroxidase activity in human saliva was found to be near рН 5.8. Salivary iodide peroxidase activity progressively lowers with the rise of рН value of the reaction mixture until total loss at the рН>7.4 was observed. Iodide peroxidase activity in human saliva at рН>7.4 is masked due to decomposition of I3- with the increase of рН along with the inhibition of peroxidases and I3- reduction by low molecular weight dialyzable salivary components possibly by Cl- and NCS-. Salivary iodide peroxidase activity was completely inhibited by peroxidase inhibitors (NaN3, 2-mercaptoethanol, thiourea), while addition of the peroxidase alternative substrates (ascorbate, quercetin, thiocyanate) resulted in partial inhibition of iodide peroxidase activity. The results of the study confirm the idea, that high activity of human saliva peroxidase with iodide as a substrate may play a crucial role in the bioavailability and metabolism of biologically active iodide.
Accumulation of porphyrins in cells of system of blood induced by 5-aminolaevulinic acid
Authors: Lobanok E.C. , Vasilevich I.B. , Vorobey A.V.
Published: April 2015

The levels and rates of accumulation of porphyrins in lymphoid cells and bone marrow cells treated with exogenous 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) were studied. The dependence of the quantity of porphyrins accumulated in cell on ALA concentrations in the medium had maximum at 0.7-1.0 mM ALA for all the cell types studied (splenocytes, thymocytes, peripheral blood lymphocytes and bone marrow cells). The rate of accumulation of uro-, copro- and protoporphyrins depended on cell types. The lowest and the highest levels were found in splenocytes and highest in bone marrow cells respectively. It is suggested that photodynamic therapy employing ALA is potentially dangerous for blood cells.
Modification of collagen during action light
Authors: Rebrova G.A. , Bykov V.A. , Osipova L.A. , Rebrov L.B. , Vasilevsky V.K.
Published: April 2015

In work chemical modification of collagen during action visible spectrum sunlight. These changes of collagen were found to indicate a photodegradation and photooxidation processes in collagen.
The influence of oxidized fibrinogen on apoptosis of endothelial cells
Authors: Aseychev A.V. , Azizova O.A. , Scheglovitova O.N. , Sklyankina N.N. , Borisenko G.G.
Published: April 2015

Oxidative stress plays an important role in cardio-vascular diseases and atherosclerosis. Fibrinogen (FB), plasma coagulation protein, is a risk factor of atherosclerosis. Importantly, it can be readily oxidized during oxidative stress and in pathological conditions. FB can promote angiogenesis by supporting migration and proliferation of endothelial cells. On the other hand, recent reports demonstrated cytotoxicity of oxidized fibrinogen (oxFB). Endothelial dysfunction plays a critical role in the atherosclerosis development, therefore it is important to understand the effect of oxFB on human endothelial cells (hEC), and the mechanism of the cell death. Here, we studied influence of oxFB on hEC during 24 h incubation in two conditions: (1) at low serum level (0.1%) and in the absence of growth factors ("starvation"); (2) in full medium (5% FBS) with growth factor supplement. Apoptosis was evaluated using analysis of nuclear morphology, phosphatidylserine externalization on hEC surface and caspase-3 activation. In starvation, we observed significant cell death via apoptosis. FB prevented starvation-induced cell death and caspase activation. Caspase activity in the presence of oxFB was 1.5 times higher as compared to FB, yet oxFB demonstrated significant cell protection during stress. Similarly, in optimal cultivation conditions FB decreased the rate of apoptosis by three times, while oxFB supported cell viability to the lesser extent. Thus, FB can protect hEC in stress conditions (in starvation); oxidative modification of FB diminishes its antiapoptotic properties.
Mitochondrial disfunction in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Buneeva O.A. , Medvedev A.E.
Published: April 2015

Mitochondrial structural and functional abnormalities in Parkinson's disease and experimental animal models of this pathology are described. Special attention is paid to the inactivation of mitochondrial enzymes, mutations in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, and genomic and proteomic research of mitochondrial proteins in Parkinson's disease and experimental parkinsonism of animals.
Screening of potential substrates or inhibitors of cytochrome P450 17a1 (CYP17a1) by electrochemical methods
Authors: Shumyantseva V.V. , Bulko T.V. , Misharin A.Yu. , Archakov A.I.
Published: April 2015

The electrochemical reduction of the recombinant form of human cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17A1) was investigated. Hemeprotein was immobilized on electrode modified with biocompatable nanocomposite material based on the membrane-like synthetic surfactant didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) and gold nanoparticles. Analytical characteristics of DDAB/Au/CYP17A1 electrodes were investigated with cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry. Analysis of electrochemical behaviour of cytochrome P450 17A1 was conducted in the presence of substrate pregnenolone (1), inhibitor ketoconazole (2), and in the presence of synthetic derivatives of pregnenolone: acetylpregnenolone (3), cyclopregnenolone (4), and tetrabrompregnenolone (5). Ketoconazole, azole inhibitor of cytochromes P450, blocked catalytic current in the presence of substrate pregnenolone (1). Compounds 3-5 did not demonstrate substrate properties towards electrode/CYP17A1 system. Compound 3 did not block catalytic activity towards pregnenolone, but compounds 4 and 5 inhibited such activity. Electrochemical reduction of CYP17A1 may serve as an adequate substitution of the reconstituted system which requires additional redox partners - for the exhibition of catalytic activity of hemoproteins of the cytochrome P450 superfamily.
All signs of metabolic syndrome in the hypertensive ISIAH rats are associated with increased activity of transcription factors PPAR, LXR, PXR, and CAR in the liver
Authors: Pivovarova E.N. , Dushkin M.I. , Perepechaeva M.L. , Kobzev V.F. , Trufakin V.A. , Markel A.L.
Published: April 2015

It is known that the metabolic syndrome (MS), which includes hypertension, dislipidemia, glucose intolerance, and obesity leads to cardiovascular diseases. The MS risk is growing catastrophically. Molecular mechanisms allowing to understand the reason of integrated dysfunctions, taking place at MS cases, have remained almost unstudied. The chronical stress plays a crucial role in MS development; therefore in the present work a hypertensive rat strain with Inherited Stress-Induced Arterial Hypertension (ISIAH) was used as a model. It was shown that ISIAH rat strain as compared with the control WAG rat strain is characterized by increased content of triglyceride, VLDL and LDL cholesterols, a decreased content of HDL cholesterol, a high level of apolipoprotein B-100, and decreased level of apolipoprotein А-I. The ISIAH rats body weight was higher as compared with WAG rats; ISIAH rats blood glucose content was higher too. Thus, strain hypertension for ISIAH rat is accompanied by dislipidemia, increased glucose content, and increased body weight, representing a whole set of MS signs. Since at MS cases the systemic abnormalities in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism take place, the functional activity of transcription factors (TFs) participating in integral regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism genes in liver was measured. PPAR, LXR, PXR, CAR DNA-binding activity was increased in ISIAH rats, suggesting involvement of these TFs in MS development. Integrated investigation of PPAR, LXR, PXR, CAR regulatory mechanisms, signal transduction and transcriptional targets will provide insights into the pathogenesis of MS and offer valuable information for designing of drugs for MS treatment.
Effect of N-stearoylethanolamine on free amino acid levels in rat plasma and liver with burn
Authors: Berdyshev A.G. , Gulaya N.M. , Chumak A.A. , Kindruk N.L.
Published: April 2015

The effect of the endocannabinoid congener N-stearoylethanolamine (NSE) on the content of plasma and liver free amino acids in burned rats was studied. The animals after the thermal burn of the skin received per os during 7 days the water suspension of NSE in the doze 10 mg/kg of body weight. In the other group of rats the suspension was applied on the wound (the concentration of NSE was 10 mg/ml). In experimental animals the total amount of free amino acids in plasma decreased after burn while the total amount of free amino acids in liver significantly increased. In burn animals the ratio of plasma and liver Phe/Tyr and Gly/Val was found to be augmented while the Fischer ratio (Ile+Leu+Val/Phe+Tyr) diminished compared with intact rats. It was shown for the first time that NSE caused normalization of the concentration of some free amino acids and of Phe/Tyr, Gly/Val ratios, and the Fischer ratio in blood plasma and liver of rats with the burn injury.Altogether, these data demonstrate that NSE possesses adaptogenic properties, and is involved in the organism response to a burn. These findings suggest possibility of NSE usage for burn treatment.
Study of cytokines content and gangliosides metabolism at experimental brain edema
Authors: Zakaryan A.V. , Kazaryan G.S. , Zakaryan G.V. , Melkonyan M.M. , Hovsepyan L.M.
Published: April 2015

The content of cytokines, and gangliosides metabolism, and the quantity of lipid peroxidation products were studied at experimental brain edema. Data obtained show increase the level of proinflammatory cytokins and decrease the level of antiinflammatory cytokines during development of brain edema. Along with this we reveal the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products (diene conjugates, hydroperoxides, and malonic dialdehyde). Each fraction of gangliosides decreased, but the product of their hydrolytic dissociation sphingosine increased at experimental brain edema.
Electrostatic interactions determine glycation of hyaluronidase derivatives with n-acethylhexosamines?
Authors: Turashev A.D. , Tischenko E.G. , Maksimenko A.V.
Published: April 2015

Glycation of native hyaluronidase and its chondroitin sulfate modified form was studied with N-acethylglucosamine, N-acethylgalactosamine and their mixture, as well as hyaluronan fragments (n = 0-4) and their mixture. The modified form of hyaluronidase exhibited higher inactivation than native enzyme. The chondroitin sulfate modification of hyaluronidase altered its surface electrostatic potential, but this effect was not crucial for inactivation of hyaluronidase derivatives. The observed picture of the glycation action on hyaluronidase derivatives was opposite for glycation with mono- and di-saccharides. Such results give us the informative enzyme test for in vivo system in order to determine the dominant type of glycation agents in bloodstream and its origin.
Effect of water on silica gel adsorption with respect to human blood plasma components
Authors: Gal L.N. , Malachova M.Ya. , Melenevskaya E.Yu. , Podosenova N.G. , Sharonova L.V.
Published: April 2015

In this work, the study of properties of silica gel as an adsorbent for plasmasorption has been performed. Investigations have been realized of the effect of silica gel preliminary treatment conditions and a period of plasma with silica gel contact on plasmasorption characteristics of human blood plasma components, such as protein, triglycerides, cholesterol (high-density and low-density one). The results obtained can be used for variation of silica gel adsorption properties, in situ at the adsorbent preparation process. For explanation of the experimental concentration and kinetic (temporal) characteristics of plasmasorption, the model of silica gel grains charging at the hydration was used.
Phenotypic opportunities of some parameters of humoral immunity in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis with different groups of blood
Authors: Radomskaya V.M. , Zubova I.A. , Yepifanova A.A. , Gil'miyarova F.N. , Gil'miyarov E.M. , Ryskina E.A.
Published: April 2015

Interrelationships between parameters of humoral immunity with AB0 blood groups have been investigated. The highest content of IgA to transglutaminase was found in A(II) patients, while the lowest content was found in AB(IV) patients. The blood content on anti-gliadin IgA was higher in healthy donors. The oral liquid of periodontic patients contained anti-gliadin IgA and IgB lacking in healthy donors. It have been found that 47% of healthy people and 52.7% of patients are infcted with Helicobacter pylori. In the group of periodontic patients A(II) individually predominated; they were characterized by the presence of antibodies to H. pylori in the oral liquid, these antibodies were absent in healthy donors. The pepsinogen level was higher in blood of periodontic patients than in healthy donors. B(III) patients had the lowest level of blood pepsinogen.
Electrochemical sensors based on carbon nanotubes and their use in biomedical research
Authors: Buzanovskii V.A.
Published: April 2015

Electrochemical sensors based on carbon nanotubes are widely used in biomedical studies. According to design the sensors can be divided into three groups: (i) sensors based on a carbon nanotube array; (ii) sensors manufactured by means of composites containing carbon nanotubes; (iii) sensors, which are electrodes with working surface containing carbon nanotubes. The development directions of sensors of the first and the second group, and also sensors of the third group which are manufactured by abrasive immobilization of carbon nanotubes on an electrode surface and by solvent dispersion and casting immobilization of carbon nanotubes on an electrode surface by means of N,N-dimethylformamide, surfactants, and Nafion are analyzed. The general information on manufacturing techniques of these sensors is given. The opportunities of these sensors for biomedical researches are demonstrated.
Effective photosensibilizator selection for e.n.t.-organ diseases treatment, based on their accumulation in pathologically changed tissues
Authors: Alexeev Y.V. , Likhacheva E.V. , Tereshkin D.V. , Ponomarev G.V. , Mazur E.M.
Published: April 2015

Accumulation of photosensibilisators - derivatives of E6 chlorines ("Radachlorine", "Photoditazine", "Zelevsky's balsam") in the mucous membrane and selection of most effective sources of emission have been investigated in 30 patients with rhinosinusitis and 10 with tonsillitis. As a source of emission we used light emitting diode (LED) matrix device "ACT" (wavelength approximately 405 nm (Sore band)) and a laser device LAHTA-"MILON"-ML500-SP (wavelength - 662 nm). Drug accumulation in the mucous membrane and changes of their concentrations after emission were evaluated by changes of fluorescence, measured with a LESA-01-BIOSPEC spectrometer. The percent of fluorescence decrease ranged from 50% to 92.7%. This suggests intensive disintegration of photosensibilisators, and consequently, high therapeutic activity of this method. Effectiveness of this method is also confirmed by clinical results.
Characterization of oligonucleotides with LNA-monomers for PCR detection of point mutations in mycobacteria tuberculosis genome
Authors: Limanskaya O.Yu. , Fesenko T.N. , Pokrovskiy V.A. , Mukhina T.N. , Stepanshina V.N. , Shemyakin I.G. , Limanskii A.P.
Published: April 2015

Point mutations associated with isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) have been analyzed in codon 315 of the katG gene by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers containing locked nucleic acid (LNA) modified nucleotides. Purity and structure of primers containing 5 LNA monomers of 17 nucleotides in length were characterized by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and a 17-mer duplex formed by two complementary oligonucleotides was characterized by the method of thermal denaturation. The duplex containing five LNA monomers per each strand was characterized by a higher melting temperature than it was expected using extrapolation of theoretical calculation for nucleotide modification of one strand of the duplex. Detection of any of six possible mutations in katG codon 315 (i.e. discrimination between sensitive and resistant MTB) requires just one PCR employing a set of two primers with one LNA-modified primer; this is an important advantage of oligonucleotides containing LNA over unmodified nucleotides: employment of multiplex PCR would require up to 12 primers. Problems of control of oligonucleotide modification by LNA monomers are discussed.
New bioaffine sorbents for selective elimination of autoantibodies against human thyroperoxidase in autoimmune thyroid diseases
Authors: Gribovskaya O.V. , Shutova I.V. , Tsyganova O.V. , Martinovich V.P. , Golubovich V.P.
Published: April 2015

New bioaffine sorbents containing bioselective ligand, synthetic analog of the human thyroperoxidase antigenic determinant - tetrapeptide H-Glu-Gln-βAla-Lys-OMe, immobilized on two polymeric matrixes - a polyacrylamide gel and CNBr-activated sepharose 4B were synthesized. The offered immunosorbents were shown have high selectivity in relation to autoantibodies against thyroperoxidase and can find an application for medicine and experimental biochemistry for selective elimination of autoantibodies from serum or plasma of the patients suffering from autoimmune thyroid diseases.
The study of structural changes in influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) after interaction with liposomes by the fluorescence method
Authors: Pogarskaya I.V. , Kontarov N.A. , Balaev N.V. , Yuminova N.V.
Published: April 2015

Using the method of self fluorescence quenching influence of phospholipids on conformational state of HA has been studied. Interactions of HA with model phospholipids membranes are accompanied by changes of structure-dynamic protein organization. This method could be used for controlling the structure organization of proteins after receiving by virus the influenzal virusomal vaccine.
Manganese in atherogenesis: detection, origin, and role
Authors: Lozhkin A.P. , Biktagirov T.B. , Gorshkiv O.V. , Timonina E.V. , Mamin G.V. , Orlinskii S.B. , Silkin N.I. , Chernov V.M. , Khairullin R.N. , Salakhov M.Kh. , Ilinskaya O.N. , Abdul'yanov V.A.
Published: April 2015

The role of transition metal ions in atherogenesis is controversial; they can participate in the hydroxyl radical generation and catalyze the reactive oxygen species neutralization reaction as cofactors of antioxidant enzymes. Using EPR spectroscopy, we revealed that 70% of the samples of aorta with atherosclerotic lesions possessed superoxide dismutase activity, 100% of the samples initiated Fenton reaction and demonstrated the presence of manganese paramagnetic centers. The sodA gene encoding manganese-dependent bacterial superoxide dismutase was not found in the samples of atherosclerotic plaques by PCR using degenerate primers. The data obtained indicates the perspectives of manganese analysis as a marker element in the express diagnostics of atherosclerosis.
Suppression of activity of Candida albicans proteinases by cobalt chloride
Authors: Kutyreva M.P. , Mukhametzyanova A.R. , Ulakhovich N.A.
Published: April 2015

Influence of cobalt (II) chloride on the system of Candida albicans proteinase (SAP C. alb.) (both in solution and immobilized on a surface of nitrocellulose membranes) has been investigated. In solution cobalt chloride inactivated inducible but not constitute enzyme. In the heterogenous sytem proteolitical effect of the cobalt ion on inductible proteinase was also observed.
The influence of afobazole on biochemical and histo-patho-morphological parameters of endothelial function at experimental diabetes mellitis in rats
Authors: Dzugkoev S.G. , Kozyrev K.M. , Gumanova N.G. , Dzugkoeva F.S.
Published: April 2015

Oxidizing stress in rats with experimental diabetes mellitis is accompanied by endothelial dysfunction develops. Its biochemical markers are the increase of concentration of blood MDA, the impairments of cell antioxidant depence and a decrease in concentration of total metabolites of NO and expression of endothelial NO-synthetase (e-NOS). Biochemical changes are considered with histopathomorphologic impairments of aortic endothelium. Treatment with afobazole suppressed free-radical oxidation, increased activity of SOD and concentration of total metabolites of NO and a level of eNOS expression and also restored of a histologic pattern of aortic endothelium due to activation of nucleocytoplasmic regenerative processes.
Molecular forms of adiponectin: comparative evaluation of their correlations with parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism
Authors: Tanyanskiy D.A. , Denisenko A.D.
Published: April 2015

Interrelationship between total, multimer (MM) and oligomer (OM) adiponectin blood concentrations with some metabolic parameters has been investigated in 49 men and 49 women (mean age of 57.3±10.1 years). We have found negative correlations between total blood adiponectin and its MM form content with body mass index, waist circumference, the insulin resistance index HOMA, with blood concentrations of insulin, glucose, free fatty acids, triglycerides and also positive correlations with high density lipoprotein cholesterol content. There was a poor correlation between OM adiponectin concentration with any parameter studied. According to the regression analysis, concentration of total adiponectin but not its MM form was an independent determinant of the HOMA index in women and free fatty acid concentration in men. In the group of men with the low level of adiponectin its MM form but not total adiponectin reversely correlated with the HOMA index and was its independent determinant. Thus, correlation between blood adiponectin concentration and metabolic parameters is associated with its MM rather than OM form. Study of the role of adiponectin in development of metabolic disorders may be limited to determination of total blood adiponectin concentration except a group of male patients characterized by a low level of this adipokine. In these patients concentrations of the MM form should be determined.
Peculiarities of the circulating phagocytes functional activityin patients with different forms of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Titarenko O.T. , Dyakova M.E. , Esmedlyaeva D.S. , Pavlova M.V. , Yielkin A.V. , Alekseeva N.C. , Bondarenko B.B.
Published: April 2015

Functional activity of circulating phagocytes (macrophages - Ms and neutrophils - Ns) was studied in 30 patients with infiltrative (I) and 30 patients with fibro-cavernous (FC) pulmonary tuberculosis (PT). Difference of the functional activity of both types of cells depending on the PT form was revealed: more significant increase in the oxygen-depending activity in FCPT while bactericide potential estimated with a zymosane induced NST-test was more pronounced in IPT patients. These data correlate with the blood levels of neopterin and elastase, the markers of the M and N activity, respectively. Participation of intracellular ADA in realization of oxygen-depending processes was demonstrated. Results of the multivariant analysis of the whole complex of the studied phagocyte characteristics, reflect their different roles in ther pathological process a prevailing role of Ms in the firstly diagnosed acute tuberculosis process (IPT) and Ns in the chronic progressive process (FCT).
Variability of healthy human proteome
Authors: Pakharukova N.A. , Pastushkova L.Kh. , Moshkovskii S.A. , Larina I.M.
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this review is to analyze investigations devoted to characteristic of protein variability and diversity of their posttranslational modifications in healthy humans. The numerous researches have demonstrated that proteomic profile has a considerable both intra- and inter-individual variability, and quite often normal variability of some proteins can be comparable to changes observed in pathological processes. Results obtained by our research group have confirmed high intra-individual variability of serum low-molecular subproteome of healthy volunteers, certified by a special medial committee. Proteins characterized by high variability in normal conditions (e.g. haptoglobin - 0-40 mg/ml; lysozyme - 0,01-0,1 mg/ml; C-reactive protein - 0,01-0,3 mg/ml) should be excluded from the list of potential biomarkers. On the contrary, proteins and peptides characterized by insignificant dispersion in healthy population (such as albumin - coefficient of variation (CV) 9%; transferrin- CV 14%; С3с complement - CV 17%, α-1 acid glycoprotein - CV 21%, α2-macroglobulin - CV 20%; transthyretin fragment - CV 28,3% and β-chain α2-HS-glycoprotein - CV 29,7%) can provide us with important information about state of health. Thus investigations of plasticity in proteomic profiles of healthy humans will help to correct reference intervals used in clinical proteomics.
Catalytic activity in rat blood plasma and erythrocytes that eliminates homocysteine with hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Razygraev A.V.
Published: April 2015

The activity utilizing the free SH-form of homocysteine with H2O2 has been found in rat blood plasma and erythrocyte lysates with the use of the glutathione peroxidase assay with hydrogen peroxide and 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) and with the substitution of glutathione by homocysteine. The presence of rat plasma or erythrocyte lysate in a reaction mixture containing D,L-homocysteine, and H2O2 resulted in a marked acceleration of homocysteine concentration decrease (the decrease of homocysteine concentration was initiated by addition of hydrogen peroxide). The data obtained suggest the presence of homocysteine peroxidase activity in plasma and erythrocytes. The observed activity may be attributed to some known thiol-dependent enzymes. In the rat brain tissue, the level of the activity is extremely low (at the detection limit). The increase of the activity in blood components during post-embryonic ontogeny has also been shown. Probably, this activity contributes to low concentrations of free SH-form of homocysteine in the blood components.
The use of real time PCR for quantitative determination of some propionic bacteria residing on human skin
Authors: Globa A.G. , Alekseev Y.I. , Arzumanyan V.G. , Zaborova V.A. , Guridov A.A.
Published: April 2015

A test system has been developed for determination of propionic bacterial species residing on human skin. This system developed in the real time PCR format is applicable for quantitative determination and also detection of genomes of the following Propionibacterium species: P. acnes, P. granulosum and P. avidum. This system was used for analysis of wash samples from the skin of 17 pentathlon sportsmen and 16 students. All three species of propionic bacteria were found in all skin wash samples. However, contamination with P. acnes was two times higher in control group than in the group of pentathlon sportsmen.
Study of the interaction between antigen-antibody complexes for label-free sensor application
Authors: Kolesov D.V. , Kiselev G.A. , Kudrinskiy A.A. , Yaminskiy I.V.
Published: April 2015

Nanomechanical cantilever systems have a great potential in design of the new type of label-free imunnosensors. They are based on the conversion of free energy change of the surface layer of the receptor by the reaction of molecular recognition between the antigen and antibody into mechanical deformation of microcantilever. But the mechanisms of molecular interactions in the layer are still not clear.