bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MATHEMATICS MODEL OF COMPACT TUMOR TO ANALYZE THE EFFECT ANTIANGIOGENIC THERAPY
Authors: Arfi Eristia , Putri Dwi Mutiara , Wibarani Yeni Gede , Rizka Nela
Published: August 2024

Based on their growth, tumors are classified into benign(compact) tumors and malignant (invasive) tumors. One of the treatments used for tumors is antiangiogenic therapy because this therapy has low toxicity. This study examines the effect of antiangiogenic therapy on compact tumors. The number of tumor cells changes over time are influenced by proliferation, death, and migration tumor cell. Antiangiogenic therapy can inhibit the process of angiogenesis which affect the dynamics of glucose flow. A lack of glucose flow will cause a decrease in tumor cell proliferation process which will decrease tumor growth rate. The finding suggests that maintaining glucose levels at or below a critical threshold  is effective therapy.
APPLICATION OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN POPULATION GROWTH ESTIMATION OF KEDIRI CITY AS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2030 SDGS TARGET
Authors: Andini Nova , Hamidah Dewi , Surur Agus Miftakus
Published: August 2024

This study focuses on analyzing the application of differential equations in modeling the population growth of Kediri City through a logistic growth model, and aims to predict the city's population for the years 2021-2030. Employing a literature study approach, this research utilizes secondary data sourced from the official website of the BPS (Central Statistics Agency) of Kediri City. The data encompasses population figures from 2005 to 2020. To ensure the accuracy of the population predictions made by the logistic growth model, a comparison with the official data from the Central Statistics Agency is necessary. A critical aspect of this research involves estimating the carrying capacity of Kediri City's population, which is identified as 295,672 individuals in the year 2030. The findings indicate a significant growth trend in the population, characterized by a specific growth rate. To validate the accuracy of the logistic growth model, the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) method was applied, resulting in an error percentage that falls within the highly accurate category, thus affirming the reliability of the model in predicting population growth trends.
SUSCEPTIBLE VACCINATED INFECTED RECOVERED SUSCEPTIBLE MODEL: EQUILIBRIA POINTS AND APPLICATION ON COVID-19 CASE DATA IN INDONESIA
Authors: Widyaningsih Purnami , Ivanni Anas , Kurdhi Nughthoh Arfawi
Published: August 2024

Severe Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 is the infectious agent that causes COVID-19. A vaccine program is an effort to stop the spread of COVID-19 infections in Indonesia. The susceptible vaccinated infected recovered susceptible (SVIRS) model can be used to represent the spread of infectious diseases. This study aims to construct the SVIRS model, identify the equilibria points thus apply it to COVID-19 case data in Indonesia, and determine transmission patterns, model accuracy, and interpretation. Literature and applications are the research methodologies employed. First-order nonlinear differential equations form the obtained SVIRS model. The model has two equilibrium points: a disease-free equilibrium point, and the other is endemic equilibrium point. The SVIRS model on the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia was obtained using daily secondary data from January 11 to November 30, 2022. The model is solved by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The model’s accuracy is accurate enough to explain the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia with a mean average percentage error (MAPE) value of 43%. According to the transmission pattern, the number of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia peaked on July 27, 2022, then decreased to zero, obtaining an equilibrium point when no more cases of the disease were present.
ALGORITHM FOR CONSTRUCTING THE TRIPLE UNIT GRAPH OF TYPE II OF RING Z_n USING PYTHON
Authors: Fitriani Ika Nur , Kurniawan Vika Yugi
Published: August 2024

Let  be a commutative ring with  as the set of all unit elements in . This paper introduces a new graph associated with the ring , called the triple unit graph of type II, denoted by  with the vertex set is  − {0,1}. In TU2(R), two distinct vertices,  and , are adjacent if there exists  with  and  such that . This paper focuses on the algorithm for constructing  using Python. This research uses the literature study research method. The Python programming language can be used to observe the characteristic result of the graph. From the patterns generated by the algorithm, some characteristics of  are obtained. For example, if  is a prime and , then  is a connected graph, a complete graph, a regular graph, and a Hamiltonian graph
CHINESE YUAN EXCHANGE RATE AGAINST THE INDONESIAN RUPIAH PREDICTION USING SUPPORT VECTOR REGRESSION
Authors: Soewignjo Steven , Septia Sari Ni Wayan Widya , Mediani Andini Putri , Kamil M. Aqil Zaidan , Amelia Dita , Chamidah Nur
Published: August 2024

This study aims to forecast the exchange rate between the Chinese Yuan (CNY) and the Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) using Support Vector Regression (SVR), a machine-learning technique that can handle nonlinear and complex data. The authors utilize the monthly selling exchange rate of CNY against IDR from January 2012 to October 2023 sourced from the “investing” platform. The optimal SVR model is obtained by splitting the data into 113 training samples and 28 testing samples and using the Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel. The model achieves high accuracy, with a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 1.738%, a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 50.661 for the training data and a MAPE of 2.516%, and an RMSE of 64.735 for the testing data. The results of this paper can provide valuable insights for policymakers, investors, and traders who are interested in the CNY/IDR exchange rate dynamics and the economic implications of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The study aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDG 8, aiming to promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth.
COMPARISON OF SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE BASED ON FASTTEXT WITHOUT AND WITH FIREFLY OPTIMIZATION PARAMETERS FOR DISASTER SENTIMENT ANALYSIS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Adhel Fadilah Amirul , Thamrin Sri Astuti , Siswanto Siswanto
Published: August 2024

Sentiment analysis is a process for analyzing opinions, sentiments, assessments, and emotions from someone's statements regarding a domain or is also a process for entering and processing data in the form of text. Support vector machine (SVM) is a supervised machine learning technique that functions as a separator of two classes of data. SVM aims to obtain numerical vectors using fasttext. SVM cannot choose appropriate parameters so the use of parameters is not optimal. To obtain optimal parameters with better classification results, firefly optimization was carried out. This research compares the fasttext-based SVM method without and with firefly optimization parameters using data from tweets with the keyword "Indonesian disaster" which was crawled using the Twitter application. The results of this research obtained 128 dimensions that form the weight of each word. This means that each word is represented in a 128-dimensional vector space. The evaluation of the SVM classification model with and without firefly optimization provides an accuracy of 89.1% and 61.3% respectively. This shows that the SVM classification method with firefly optimization provides quite good classification performance compared to the SVM model without optimization.
OPTIMIZING CARTON PRODUCT DELIVERY BY SOLVING TRAVELLING SALESMAN PROBLEM AT PACKAGING COMPANIES
Authors: Aisyah Fitri Sakinatul , Winarno Winarno , Rinaldi Dimas Nurwinata
Published: August 2024

Optimization of delivery routes is one form of increasing business productivity to achieve the company's main goal of distributing each product to customers. The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a combinatorial optimization problem where a salesman goes on a distribution journey that starts from the depot, then visits all customers exactly once, and ends with returning to the depot. This study aims to optimize the distribution route of carton products for packaging companies using the TSP model. The research methodology includes observation, interviews, and document studies to understand the distribution process of carton products at packaging companies. To complete the TSP model, Branch and Bound (BB) and Nearest Neighbor (NN) methods are applied to find the best solution for determining the distribution route of carton products. The way the BB method works is by utilizing branch cuts and boundaries to reduce search space and speed up the resolution process. In the NN method, the nearest point is chosen to get the shortest route distance. Research findings show that the use of the BB method results in a mileage difference from the initial route of 125 km (53% more efficient) and a fuel cost difference of 121,231 IDR (45% cheaper). Meanwhile, the NN method results in a mileage difference from the initial route of 115 km (48.94%) and a fuel cost difference of 109,901 IDR (41.27%). So, the method that produces the best solution is the BB method. The limitations of this study lie in the scale of the model used and the assumptions underlying the analysis. Future research can broaden the scope of the model and consider other factors that may affect the distribution of carton products. The results of this study contribute to improving the efficiency of carton product distribution.
RISK ANALYSIS OF GOOGL & AMZN STOCK CALL OPTIONS USING DELTA GAMMA THETA NORMAL APPROACH
Authors: Umiati Wiji , Sulistianingsih Evy , Martha Shantika , Andani Wirda
Published: August 2024

Stocks, as investment products, tend to carry risks due to fluctuations. The tendency of stock prices to rise over time leads investors to opt for call options, which are one of the derivative investment products. However, call options are influenced by several factors that can pose risks and have nonlinear dependence on market risk factors. Therefore, methods are needed to measure the risk of call options, such as Delta Normal Value at Risk and Delta Gamma Normal Value at Risk. Delta and Gamma are part of Option Greeks, parameters that measure the sensitivity of options to various factors used in determining option prices with the Black-Scholes model. This study uses an approach with the addition of Theta, which can measure the sensitivity of options to time. This study aims to analyze Value at Risk with the Delta Gamma Theta Normal approach for call options on Google (GOOGL) and Amazon (AMZN) stocks. The analysis uses closing stock price data from September 7, 2022, to September 7, 2023, and three in-the-money and out-of-the-money call option prices. The study begins by collecting closing stock prices and call option contract components, testing the normality of stock returns, calculating volatility, , Delta, Gamma, and Theta, then calculating the Value at Risk. Based on the analysis, it is found that GOOGL and AMZN call options have a Value at Risk of $0.89588 and $0.92760, respectively, at a 99% confidence level with a strike price of $120. Furthermore, based on the comparison of Value at Risk between in-the-money and out-of-the-money call options, it can be concluded that out-of-the-money call options tend to have larger estimated losses.
EXTENDED SERIAL GRAPH-VALIDATION QUEUE SCHEME WITH LOCKING STRATEGY
Authors: Jauhari Muhammad Fakhri , Bukhari Fahren , Nurdiati Sri
Published: August 2024

In today's digital landscape, collaborative work in real-time is on the rise, allowing individuals to connect across different locations through applications facilitated by client-server architecture, enabling users to access and work on the same project simultaneously. However, clients' simultaneous access and modifications to the database can result in data inconsistencies, underscoring the importance of concurrency control. Managing concurrent transactions can introduce complexities and potentially adversely impact server performance. Object caching emerges as a viable solution as an alternative approach to handling transaction traffic. Extended Serial Graph-Validation Queue (Extended SG-VQ) is a control concurrency scheme that operates within the client-server architecture framework and incorporates object caching. The cache component implements a queue-based validation algorithm as part of its validation process. At the same time, the server-side employs a graph-based validation algorithm with locking strategies. Through a series of hypothetical transaction scenarios across three cases, this study validates the effectiveness of the Extended SG-VQ, demonstrating its ability to utilize serial graphs, resolve conflicts, and identify cyclic patterns.
IMPLEMENTATION OF FUZZY C-MEANS AND FUZZY POSSIBILISTIC C-MEANS ALGORITHMS ON POVERTY DATA IN INDONESIA
Authors: Kurniasari Dian , Kurniawati Virda , Nuryaman Aang , Usman Mustofa , Nisa Rizki Khoirun
Published: August 2024

Cluster analysis involves the methodical categorization of data based on the degree of similarity within each group to group data with similar characteristics. This study focuses on classifying poverty data across Indonesian provinces. The methodologies employed include the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) and Fuzzy Probabilistic C-Means (FPCM) algorithms. The FCM algorithm is a clustering approach where membership values determine the presence of each data point in a cluster. On the other hand, the FPCM algorithm builds upon FCM and Possibilistic C (PCM) algorithms by incorporating probabilistic considerations. This research compares the FCM and FPCM algorithms using local poverty data from Indonesia, specifically examining the Partition Entropy (PE) index value. It aims to identify the optimal number of clusters for provincial-level poverty data in Indonesia. The findings indicate that the FPCM algorithm outperforms the FCM algorithm in categorizing poverty in Indonesia, as evidenced by the PE validity index. Furthermore, the study identifies that the ideal number of clusters for the data is 2.
PROVINCIAL SEGMENTATION IN INDONESIA: EXPLORING FACTORS INFLUENCING EDUCATION WITH SEM-PLS METHOD, INCORPORATING MODERATION EFFECTS AND FIMIX-PLS APPROACH
Authors: Vanisa Davina Shafa , Rahmanita Tentri Ryan , Ana Elly , Kurniawan Ardi
Published: August 2024

The significance of education as a developmental metric is underscored by its designation as the 4th goal in the SDGs, which emphasizes ensuring inclusive, equitable, and high-quality education while also expanding lifelong learning opportunities for all. This research relies on two primary sources: secondary data from publications by the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency (BPS RI) in 2023 and the BPS website. The educational variables examined in this study are believed to be influenced by latent variables, including school performance, infrastructure, and poverty levels. Employing the Finite Mixture Partial Least Squares (FIMIX-PLS) approach, the research identified 13 valid and reliable indicators of educational variables. It delineated three regional groups based on the lowest BIC and CAIC values. In this structural equation research, the moderation effect is seen in the significance of the indirect relationship, especially the influence of Regional Poverty on Education with School Outcomes as a moderating construct.
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF SEITR MATHEMATICAL MODEL ON THE SPREAD OF HEPATITIS B DISEASE IN AMBON CITY
Authors: Larubun Swine Enggelina , Leleury Zeth Arthur , Lesnussa Yopi Andry , Tahalea Sylvert Prian , Warong Maria Marlein
Published: August 2024

Hepatitis B is a disease caused by infection with the HBV (Hepatitis B Virus) virus that commonly infects the liver and can develop into liver cancer. The disease can be transmitted through blood, semen, breast milk, saliva, vaginal fluids, and sperm. One effective way to prevent Hepatitis B disease is by vaccination. This study will construct a mathematical model, such as the SEITR model, to study the spread of Hepatitis B disease in Ambon City. The SEITR epidemic model is a disease spread model that divides the population into five subpopulation classes, namely the susceptible individual subpopulation class, the exposed individual subpopulation class, the infected individual subpopulation class, the treatment individual subpopulation class, and the recovered individual subpopulation class. Based on the dynamic system analysis conducted, two equilibrium points were obtained, namely the disease-free equilibrium point and the endemic equilibrium point. In addition, based on the data and simulation results, it can be concluded that the spread of Hepatitis B in Ambon City depends on the transmission rate from infected individuals to susceptible individuals
COMPARISON OF K-NEAREST NEIGHBOR AND NEURAL NETWORK FOR PREDICTION INTERNATIONAL VISITOR IN EAST JAVA
Authors: Novita Dina , Herlambang Teguh , Asy’ari Vaizal , Alimudin Arasy , Arof Hamzah
Published: August 2024

Tourism is one of the government's priority sectors for economic growth. East Java is one of Indonesia's provinces and is attractive to international visitors. International visitors will appreciate the natural beauty and multiculturalism offered by East Java. In this study, predictions of international visitor visits in East Java from the entrance of Juanda International Airport were carried out using k-NN (k-Nearest Neighbor) and a neural network. The dataset used is based on BPS statistics of Jawa Timur Province in the form of the number of international visitor arrivals from January 2000 to February 2024. The datasets were distributed by dividing the data into 70% for training data and 30% for testing data. The creation of the k-NN model is carried out using k-values 2 to 7. The creation of a modern neural network using hidden layers 1 to 3. The prediction results that were made using k-NN obtained optimal RMSE at k-values 2, resulting in an RMSE of 1594,674 or an error of 3,98%. Meanwhile, the prediction results that have been made using neural networks obtained optimal RMSE at two hidden layers, which resulted in an RMSE of 1873, 355 or an error of 4,68%.  So, it is recommended that the k-NN algorithm be used to predict the number of international visitors in East Java. The results of this study can be used to provide quantitative information for the government and stakeholders in adjusting the program to the development of international visitors visiting East Java.
Autonomia e Interculturalidade. Uma experiência decolonial de educação indígena superior na UFAM
Authors: Faria Ivani Ferreira de
Published: August 2024

Não estamos mais na era do ensino, mas da aprendizagem. Temos que compreender que educação e escola são instrumentos políticos de um povo, principalmente para os povos indígenas que vêm re-existindo as violências físicas e simbólicas por mais de 500 anos decorrentes da pressão da sociedade ocidental capitalista. Trabalhar com povos indígenas requer desconstruir paradigmas positivistas, cartesianos e individualistas postos pela ciência moderna e pela sociedade capitalista, urbana e industrial ou pós-industrial e da informação. Nesse sentido, o artigo pretende demonstrar a partir da experiência da Licenciatura Indígena Políticas Educacionais e Desenvolvimento Sustentável/UFAM que o respeito à autonomia dos povos indígenas é fundamental para a construção de projetos próprios de educação indígena superior fundamentados em suas culturas. Entendemos que, a partir de suas concepções de universidade, com a criação de inovações e de tecnologias sociais no âmbito acadêmico, pedagógico e administrativo, de metodologias decoloniais participantes e da interculturalidade é possível romper as barreiras da colonialidade presentes nas universidades brasileiras. Mas para isso é necessário um esforço institucional, a decolonização e união dos professores com compromisso, respeitando a autonomia dos povos indígenas para que sejam capazes de superar os egos e colonialidade do saber.
Diálogos interculturais: a psicologia da presença indígena nas universidades brasileiras - experiências, desafios e potencialidades na USP
Authors: Sateré-Mawé Luar
Published: August 2024

Este artigo analisa a presença indígena nas universidades brasileiras, destacando os resultados de políticas de inclusão e os desafios enfrentados pelos estudantes indígenas no contexto acadêmico. A partir de uma revisão crítica da literatura e de dados disponíveis, como o relatório das atividades da Rede Indígena da USP, que é um serviço de extensão desenvolvido pelo Instituto de Psicologia da USP, cuja precípua função é acompanhar e compreender a situação psicossocial de pessoas indígenas, visando promover a integração e o bem-estar desses grupos em contexto urbano, pode-se inferir que as políticas de ações afirmativas, como o sistema de cotas e programas de bolsas, têm sido fundamentais para aumentar a presença indígena no ensino superior. No entanto, os estudantes indígenas ainda enfrentam obstáculos relacionados ao racismo estrutural, adaptação cultural e acesso a recursos acadêmicos.Apesar desses desafios, a presença indígena nas universidades também traz consigo potencialidades epistemológicas, desafiando os paradigmas dominantes e contribuindo para uma educação mais inclusiva e diversa. Em última análise, discorre-se sobre a importância desses resultados para subsidiar políticas públicas que promovam a inclusão e valorização dos saberes indígenas, assim como para orientar estudos futuros com o objetivo de construir uma sociedade mais justa, equitativa e respeitosa das diferentes formas de conhecimento e experiência.
ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN PROCESSING JACKFRUIT SEED WASTE TURNS INTO BIOETHANOL
Authors: Manik Trivena myta , Siregar Ecclesia , Girsang Elva Damayanti , Simamora Yuli Bella Shinta , Silaban Ramlan
Published: August 2024

The jackfruit plant is a type of tropical fruit plant that is multifunctional and can be planted in tropical areas at an altitude of less than 1,000 meters above sea level. Research has been carried out on making bioethanol from waste jackfruit seeds (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk). This research aims to find out whether jackfruit seed waste can be used as raw material for making biethanol and to determine the effect of pH on the fermentation process. This research used jackfruit seeds which were hydrolyzed with H2SO, 2.5% for 3 hours at a temperature of 70 °C, then the glucose content was measured and fermented at varying pH = 3, 4, 5, and 6 for 48 hours. The highest bioethanol content of jackfruit seeds was achieved during 4 days of fermentation with an alcohol content of 13.19%.
The role of stage practice in teaching vocal students
Authors:   federal state budget educational institution of higher education ", Tianpai Xie ,   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia"
Published: August 2024

The analysis of the professional training of vocal students reveals the role of stage practice in the educational process of the University of Arts as the leading one that determines the professional portrait of a graduate. The study determined that the professional training of vocal students should be personalized, since the performer embodies a set of individual personal characteristics and creative abilities, in solving problematic issues of which vocal stage practice plays a key role. The artistic and pedagogical space of stage practice can provide special conditions for the development of creative and personal abilities of students, in which the task of music education changes, namely, the individual is centralized as a co-author of the reproduced musical notation. The professional education of future vocalists is a complex process due to the multifaceted nature of educational activities, in which the foundations of folk musical culture, literature, musical literacy, solo chamber and opera performance, and stage practice are closely intertwined.
History of the culture of domestic conservatism. Personal view of historian A. V. Repnikov
Authors:   federal state budget educational institution of higher education «Saint Petersburg State University of Culture», Bazanov Petr N.
Published: August 2024

Book review: Repnikov A. V. Reflections on Russian conservatism: articles, reviews, interviews, memoirs, bibliography. Moscow: Prometheus, 2024. 1032 p. ISBN 978-5-00172-617-3
The concept of Russian cosmism by Marlene Laruelle
Authors:   federal state budget educational institution of higher education «Saint Petersburg State University of Culture», Alexandrov Ilya Y.
Published: August 2024

Marlene Laruelle, a prominent French historian, sociologist and political scientist specializing in the study of Russian nationalism and nationalism in the countries of the post-Soviet space, has been paying increasing attention to Russian cosmism in recent years. In Laruelle's works one can find different, complementary ideas, which she calls cosmism. The French researcher dates the main manifestations of Russian cosmism to the 1920s, classifying the project of embalming Lenin’s body with the aim of bringing him back to life with the help of future scientific technologies as such manifestations of "maximalist ideology". M.Laruelle seeks to explore cosmism in our country in the context of its historical emergence but does not consider that the expression "Russian cosmism" itself appeared only in the late 1960s. The French researcher does not consider cosmism to be an exclusively Russian cultural phenomenon; she explores it in the context of larger intellectual traditions, such as occultism. Russian cosmism appears in her works as an intellectual hybrid, a product of crossing many intellectual traditions. M. Laruelle politicizes Russian cosmism, trying to present it as one of the doctrines that shapes modern Russian nationalism. In her political science concept, cosmism, along with еurasianism and аrcticism, appears as one of the three geographical metanarratives of modern Russia. M. Laruelle is quite biased in his political assessments. The French researcher pays undeservedly little attention to V.I. Vernadsky and his teaching about the transition of the biosphere to the noosphere stage.
Memorialization of the Great war: from collection to museum
Authors:   Federal State budgetary institution of culture ", Kudrets Anastasija S. ,   The State Museum of Political History of Russia"
Published: August 2024

During the First World War and just after it, the private military collections dedicated to the war have been appearing together with national museums in the participant countries. Some of these collections had a vast thematic and a broad variety of subjects, so they could be further reorganized into public museums, as the interest of the state institutions contributed to that. The process of their reorganization into the museum expositions is presented by some examples in Russia and in France. These examples are about the collectors who were not representing any military or state institution. So, the state interest to their activity means an exceptional value of their collections. The composition, particularities, history and value of these collections through the military historical museums as well as the significance of the museums for the remembrance of the First World War are analyzed.
Specificity of out-liturgical spiritual singing in the Russian culture of the 18th – early 19th centuries: territorial aspect
Authors:   federal state budgetary educational institution of higher education ", Murashova Natalya S. ,   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University"
Published: August 2024

Out-liturgical spiritual singing in the 18th and early 19th centuries was represented by genres that were formed at various times. In this context the problem of identifying the mechanisms of adaptation of samples created in the previous period to the changed realities of New Age culture is of interest. On the example of spiritual songwriting of the inhabitants of the Old Believers' Vygo-Leksinskoye settlement, the peculiarities of the traditional genres that had developed earlier and appeared after the church schism are presented. The authors of these genres used artistic techniques typical of the New Age culture in their creation. The hook collections of verses that emerged in the Old Believers' environment contributed to the consolidation and spread of the repertoire. The enrichment of the artistic system of non-denominational spiritual singing in the 18th century with new samples was caused by the appearance of verse arrangements of psalms by V. K. Trediakovsky, M. V. Lomonosov, A. P. Sumarokov, and M. M. Kheraskov. The arrangements penetrated both the Old Believer performing environment and the musical life of the townspeople. Russian songs and romances became popular in home and salon music from the late 18th century, among which there are samples of spiritual content, as well as works that transform the spiritual text into sentimental love lyrics. As an example, M. V. Zubova's song "Ya v pustynyu udalyayus’ [I am going away to the desert]", created in 1770 on the basis of the psalm of the same name, is presented. In the context of the unfolding cultural dialogue between the capital and remote territories during the formation of the Russian Empire, the territorial distribution of samples of extra-liturgical spiritual singing is of interest. In the province, the traditions that had developed earlier were mainly preserved. Their main performer was Old Believers. The migratory nature of the Old Believer movement contributed to the geographical spread of works, which formed local specificity at the level of repertoire, principles of functioning, stylistics, and performing manner. Romances with a spiritual content, which emerged at the turn of the 18th–19th centuries, at that time sounded in the space of home and salon musicmaking in capitals and large cities. Later they would become widespread in the provinces, which would contribute to their further popularisation and repertoire enrichment.
PROBLEMATIKA PEMBIAYAAN PENDIDIKAN DI SEKOLAH
Authors: Purba Arta Wida Anastasia , Situmeang Nisa Teresia Four Nigerls , Fitriani Dini , Febry Khoirani , Sihombing Fatimah , Siregar Yunita Rahma
Published: August 2024

ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Problematika Pembiayaan Pendidikan di Sekolah.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Untuk dapat tercapai tujuan pendidikan yang optimal, maka salah satunya hal paling penting adalah mengelola biaya dengan baik sesuai dengan kebutuhan dana yang diperlukan. Administrasi pembiayaan minimal mencakup perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan pengawasan. Penyaluran anggaran perlu dilakukan secara strategis dan intergratif antara stakeholder agar mewujutkan kondisi ini, perlu dibangun rasa saling percaya, baik internal pemerintah maupun antara pemerintah dengan masyarakat dan masyarakat dengan masyarakat itu sendiri dapat ditumbuhkan. Keterbukaan, partisipasi, akuntabilitas dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan mulai dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan pengawasan menjadi kata- kata kunci untuk mewujutkan efektifitas pembiayaan pendidikan.

Kata Kunci : Problematika, Pembiayaan Pendidikan, Sekolah.

 

ABSTRACT: This research aims to determine the problems of financing education in schools. The research method used is a qualitative method. In order to achieve optimal educational goals, one of the most important things is to manage costs well in accordance with the required funds. Minimum financing administration includes planning, implementation and supervision. Budget distribution needs to be carried out strategically and integratively between stakeholders in order to realize this condition. A sense of mutual trust needs to be built, both internally to the government and between the government and the community and the community and the community itself. Openness, participation, accountability in the implementation of education starting from planning, implementation and supervision are key words for realizing the effectiveness of education financing.

Keyword: Problems, Education Financing, Schools.
APPLICATION OF BEHAVIORISTIC LEARNING THEORY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS IN LEARNING IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Hamidah Fida , Supriyanto Achmad
Published: August 2024

Artikel ini membahas penerapan teori belajar behavioristik serta implikasinya dalam pembelajaan di sekolah dasar melalui kegiatan-kegiatan yang diajarkan guru kepada peserta didik. Teori belajar behavioristik sendiri adalah salah satu teori belajar yang menekankan pendekatannya terhadap adanya perubahan yang terlihat pada diri setiap individu setelah melakukan kegiatan belajar. Perubahan perilaku ini terjadi karena adanya suatu masukan berupa stimulus yang diberikan kepada peserta didik sehingga akan memunculkan suatu keluaran atau disebut respon dan dapat diamati secara langsung oleh indera penglihatan. Penerapan teori belajar behavioristik di sekolah dasar dapat dilakukan melalui kegiatan pengkondisian terhadap diri siswa, melakukan pembahasan ulang terhadap materi yang telah dipelajari bersama, pemberian penguatan baik positif maupun negatif, pemberian latihan-latihan, penerapan kebiasaan yang positif dan pembentukan anggota kelompok yang diatur oleh guru. Dalam pelaksanaannya menimbulkan dampak untuk mempermudah peserta didik yang mengalami kesusahan dalam belajar, karena teori ini lebih berfokus kepada guru yang membimbing peserta didik yang mengalami kesulitan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu studi pustaka terhadap artikel-artikel terdahulu dengan mengkaji hal-hal yang meliputi teori belajar behavioristik. Dalam kesimpulan menunjukkan bahwa dalam menggunakan teori belajar behavioristik dalam pembelajaran lebih baik untuk digabungkan dengan teori belajar lain yang lebih memusatkan pembelajaran kepada peserta didik supaya tujuan pembelajaran yang telah dirancang sebelumnya dapat terlaksana dengan baik.Kata Kunci: Teori Belajar, Behavioristik, Sekolah Dasar
Examining the Concept of Principles in Curriculum Development
Authors: HR Sabriadi , Wakia Nurul , Aziz Muh Bachtiar
Published: August 2024

This research is based on a study of the principles of curriculum development which includes an understanding of the meaning of the curriculum in the teaching context. Curriculum is a general plan that summarizes the learning objectives, content, teaching methods, and assessments used in an educational program. Curriculum development is a complex process and involves various principles that must be taken into account. This research aims to find out and examine the principles of curriculum development. To obtain data from this problem, the author uses a qualitative descriptive method in the form of a literature review, thus proving a scientific study that can be researched and developed further. This research data collection technique was carried out by collecting various reference sources or literature that were considered appropriate, both in the form of soft and written text such as scientific articles, articles, textbooks, etc. The results of the data obtained by the author suggest that there are several principles of curriculum development that are often explored in research, including relevance, continuity, flexibility, effectiveness, practicality and others. By referring to the principles of curriculum development, curriculum development can work consistently, with direction, and with accountable results. Apart from that, the differences in principles in the curriculum and its development are marked by the fact that the curriculum itself is a field of study. Examining the principles of curriculum development can help increase our understanding of how to design an effective curriculum and respond to changing times. By understanding these principles, policy makers developing curricula can provide relevant and meaningful learning experiences for students.
AGRONOMIC AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LOWLAND RICE CULTIVATION USING THE INTEGRATED CROP AND LAND MANAGEMENT APPROACH
Authors: Munawwarah Tarbiyatul -
Published: August 2024

The research investigated the implementation of Integrated Crops and Land Management (ICLM) model, a holistic farming approach combining various technological elements to enhance productivity. Conducted from April to September 2022 in Bhuana Jaya Village, Tenggarong Seberang Sub-District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province, on an 8-hectare site, the research focused on key components: utilization of superior rice varieties (Mekongga, Cakrabuana Agritan, and Ciherang Janger), spaced planting methodology (Jajar Legowo), and a balanced fertilization approach encompassing chemical, organic, soil conditioner, and biological fertilizers (50 kg Urea, 300 kg NPK Phonska, 400 kg Petroganik, 10 kg Antazam, and 10 kg Petrobio ha-1, respectively). Liquid Organic Biofertilizer (LOB) were introduced at a rate of 10-20 liters ha-1. The research assessed vital parameters such as plant height, tiller count, panicle length, branch number per panicle, panicle weight, and rice productivity. Statistical analyses included t-tests for plant response and F-tests to evaluate the model's impact on productivity. Economic viability was gauged using the Benefit-Cost (B/C) ratio. The findings revealed substantial productivity gains: 4.13-6.03 t MDG ha-1 (Mekongga), 7.02 t MDG ha-1 (Cakrabuana Agritan), and 7.85 t MDG ha-1 (Ciherang Janger). Moreover, the economic analysis resulted in a favorable ratio of 2.15, indicating the model's financial viability or increased by 69-73%.
Komposisi Kombinasi Bahan Perekat Alami pada Kompos Pellet Limbah Ikan terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Pakcoy
Authors: Juwaningsih Eko H Agustin , Pandjaitan Chatlynbi T. Br.
Published: August 2024

Kompos limbah ikan (berupa tulang, kulit, sirip, kepala, sisik dan jeroan) dibuat dalam bentuk pellet sehingga sangat efisien dan efektif dalam penggunaan dan pengangkutan. Kompos pellet limbah ikan mengandung hara yang lengkap tetapi dalam pembuatannya diperlukan perekat. Perekat alami yang digunakan adalah limbah kulit pisang dan kulit ubi kayu. Penggunaan perekat antara 10-30%. Limbah kulit pisang dan ubi kayu diharapkan mampu menggantikan perekat alami dari tepung tapioka. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh dan mendapatkan satu komposisi perekat alami yang tepat untuk dapat digunakan dalam pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman pakcoy. Kegiatan penelitian dilakukan, mulai bulan Juli hingga Oktober 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok 1 faktor, yaitu komposisi kombinasi antara limbah ikan + perekat kulit pisang + ubi kayu. Perlakuan tersebut adalah: 90% + 5% + 5%;, 85% + 5% + 10%; 85% + 10% + 5%; 80% + 10% + 10%; 75% + 10% + 15%; 75% + 15% + 10%; 70% + 15% + 15%. Variabel yang diamati: analisis kimia (pH, kandungan hara C-organik, N, P, dan K), tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan bobot segar tanaman. Hasil penelitian: perlakuan limbah ikan 80% + kulit pisang 10% + kulit ubi kayu 10% merupakan perlakuan dengan komposisi perekat pada kompos pellet limbah ikan terbaik pada tinggi tanaman (22,19 cm), jumlah daun (16,94 helai) dan bobot basah (335,50 g). Kata kunci: limbah ikan, kompos pellet, perekat alami, komposisi limbah kulit pisang, hasil pakcoy.
Informasi Spasial Sebaran Dan Analisis Kebutuhan Alat Dan Mesin Pertanian di Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara
Authors: Hamsyin Hamsyin , Nurhartanto Nurhartanto , Alaydrus Ali Zainal Abidin
Published: August 2024

Pendataan terkait distribusi alat dan mesin pertanian (Alsintan) di lapangan menjadi elemen penting dalam perencanaan pengembangan mekanisasi pertanian pada suatu wilayah. Penggunaan alsintan di Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara (Kukar) dirasa belum optimal karena distribusinya tidak merata sesuai kebutuhan. Alsintan memainkan peran yang sangat penting dan strategis dalam meningkatkan produktivitas, efisiensi, dan nilai tambah produksi pertanian. Penelitian ini diarahkan untuk mengatasi kurangnya informasi dengan tujuan utama menghitung luas cakupan dan kebutuhan alsintan, serta melakukan pemetaan status kecukupan alsintan, khususnya traktor roda 2, traktor roda 4, rice transplanter dan combine harvester di tingkat Kabupaten Kukar.Peta sebaran alsintan dibuat menggunakan ArcGIS dengan menggabungkan data spasial luas baku lahan sawah dan koordinat lokasi alsintan dengan data atribut jumlah dan jenis alsintan yang tersedia. Kemudian, tingkat kejenuhan alsintan dihitung dengan prosentase ketersediaan alsintan dengan kebutuhanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kejenuhan traktor roda 2 mencapai 82,38%, traktor roda 4 sebesar 10,00%, rice transplanter sebesar 2,17%, dan combine harvester sebesar 39,97%. Mengacu kepada luas baku lahan sawah dan tingkat kejenuhan alat dan mesin pertanian, direkomendasikan 5 kecamatan yang diprioritaskan untuk menerima alokasi program bantuan pemerintah, antara lain kecamatan Anggana, Loa Kulu, Marang Kayu, Muara Kaman, dan Tenggarong Seberang. Kecamatan-kecamatan ini menjadi prioritas utama untuk menerima program bantuan alat dan mesin pertanian dari pemerintah pusat maupun daerah.
Uji Daya Hasil Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.) Lokal Merah Sigi dengan Pemberian Beberapa Zat Pengatur Tumbuh
Authors: Sari Anis Widya , Pranoto Hadi , Eliyani Eliyani , Pujowati Penny
Published: August 2024

Jagung merupakan tanaman pangan utama kedua setelah padi. Jagung Merah Sigi (Mesi) berasal dari Sigi, Sulawesi Tengah. Jagung Mesi memiliki penampilan yang menarik, rasa manis, dan aroma khas. Upaya memperoleh hasil optimal budidaya jagung Mesi adalah dengan pemberian Zat Pengatur Tumbuh (ZPT). ZPT berperan dalam merangsang maupun menghambat pertumbuhan tanaman. ZPT yang terkandung dalam Bioaktivator yaitu 5,029 mg L-1 Indole Acetic Acid, 9,819 mg L-1 Giberelin, 1,603 mg L-1 Zeatin dan 0,933 mg L-1 Kinetin. Kandungan ZPT dalam Booster yaitu senyawa asam laktat, asam amino, dan Lactobacillus. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui daya hasil tanaman jagung Merah Sigi dengan pemberian beberapa ZPT. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Taman Teknologi Pertanian Bangun Rejo, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara, Kalimantan Timur dari April hingga Juli 2023. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok non faktorial, terdiri atas 4 perlakuan yang diulang 8 kali, yaitu tanpa pemberian Bioaktivator dan Booster (kontrol), 7 mL L-1 Bioaktivator, 7 mL L-1 Booster, kombinasi antara 3,5 mL L-1 Bioaktivator dan 3,5 mL L-1 Booster. Data dianalisis dengan sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan pemberian Bioaktivator, Booster dan kombinasinya berpengaruh tidak nyata pada semua parameter. Perlakuan 7 mL L-1 Booster menghasilkan rata-rata bobot 100 butir jagung sebesar 23,70 g, hanya mampu meningkatkan sebesar 4,64% dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Hasil bobot 100 butir jagung Merah Sigi masih sesuai dengan potensi bobot 100 butir jagung pada deskripsi yaitu 23,01 g. Kombinasi 3,5 mL L-1 Bioaktivator dan 3,5 mL L-1 Booster memberikan rata-rata berat pipilan kering per petak sebesar 1,18 kg.
Antagonist Test of Trichoderma sp and Gliocladium sp Againts Fungal Pathogens That Cause Diseases on Tomato Plant
Authors: Sopialena Sopialena , Arwita Nanda Nadira Putri , Suyadi Suyadi
Published: August 2024

Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) are one of the widely cultivated crops consumed by people worldwide, including Indonesia. Tomato farming often faces various challenges that result in reduced tomato productivity. One of the challenges is the presence of diseases that affect tomatoes, leading to crop failure for farmers. Some important diseases that commonly affect tomato plants include Fusarium wilt and anthracnose. Most farmer use chemical fungicides to control the diseases. These methods have greater negative impacts on both plants and the surrounding environment. One alternative control technique that can be used is the use of biological agents with antagonistic properties, such as Trichoderma sp. and Gliocladium sp. This research aims to assess antagonistic abilities of endophytic fungi Trichoderma sp. and Gliocladium sp. againts the pathogens responsible for suppresing the growth of these disease-causing phatogens in tomato plants. in the Laboratory of Plant Pest and Disease Science, OECF Building, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Mulawarman. The experiment was designed using a completely randomized single-factor design with four treatments and five replications. The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and the least significant difference test at a 5% significance level. The research results indicate that the antagonistic tests of Trichoderma sp. and Gliocladium sp. in vitro significantly differ againts the pathogenic fungi Fusarium sp. and Colletotrichum sp. Furthermore, it was found that the antagonistic fungus Gliocladium sp. is the best fungus capable of suppressing the growth of important pathogenic fungi in tomato plants.Keyword: Gliocladium sp., Trichoderma sp., Fusarium sp., Colletotrichum sp. and Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
Una aproximación a la biología y comportamientos de las hormigas
Authors: Ramírez Ramón Juan Carlos , Baena Martha L. , Chamorro-Florescano Ivette A. , González-Zamora Arturo
Published: August 2024

El objetivo de este trabajo es reportar los comportamientos que emplean las hormigas para competir por los recursos alimenticios limitados, así como los principales factores que las amenazan y su importancia biológica en la conservación como organismos clave para el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas. Para este propósito se realizó la búsqueda de información bibliográfica en artículos científicos y libros relacionados con los temas mencionados. Se concluyó que, dada su alta diversidad y estrategias de coexistencia, son organismos clave para la conservación tanto de áreas naturales como urbanas.
La formación de la acción de medición a partir del contenido de un cuento mágico
Authors: Solovieva Yulia , Quintanar Luis , Sidneva Anastasia , Rodríguez Zavaleta José , Rosete Carillo Andrea Celeste
Published: August 2024

El tema de la adquisición de las matemáticas en la escuela primaria es de importancia en la pedagogía y la psicología. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar los resultados de la aplicación de un programa para la formación de la acción de la medición a través del contenido de un cuento mágico. La metodología consiste en la aplicación del programa original en el primer grado de primaria con una evaluación inicial y final. Los resultados muestran cambios positivos en los alumnos en relación con el uso reflexivo de la medida como unidad de acción de la medición. Se concluye que el programa tiene efectos positivos sobre la formación inicial del concepto de número y que es de utilidad pedagógica.
Student Leadership Competencies Development During the Covid-19 Pandemic for Higher Learning Institution
Authors:   Universiti Teknologi MARA, Abd Kadir Ermeey
Published: August 2024

This research's primary goal was to understand attributes for developing student leadership competencies that emerged following the covid-19 pandemic. This study employed a qualitative approach. Throughout various methods applied in this research occurred due to the combination within interview sessions, focus group interviews, documentation review, and casual talks with a group of current and previous student leaders. The findings indicate that several attributes influence the development of student leadership competencies: 1) Emotional intelligence, self-belief, confidence, and responsiveness are all individual characteristics.; 2) Academic activities, student and faculty interactions, peer interactions, and leadership positions in the group and student organisations are all examples of student experiences and involvement.; and 3) Institutional constraints, such as financial constraints. The study's conclusions guide practitioners such as student affairs staff, academics, and the higher learning ministry regarding the best strategies for training future leaders to lead effectively during and after a pandemic