bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UTILIZAREA ANALIZEI COST-EFICACITATE CA INSTRUMENT UTIL ÎN PROCESUL DE REDUCERE A COSTURILOR ÎN DOMENIUL APĂRĂRII
Authors:   Universitatea Națională de Apărare „Carol I”, ȘINCA Felicia , PLEȘANU Toma ,   Academia Forțelor Terestre „Nicolae Bălcescu”, Sibiu
Published: June 2023

“Cost-Effectiveness Analysis” is a method of economic analysis that evaluates the efficiency of indicators and highlights the results of a project. This analysis determines the most effective way to complete a project, being a helpful tool in the decision-making process in the initial phase of a procurement programme. Four years after signing the agreement on the allocation of a minimum of 2% of GDP for the budget of the Ministry of National Defence starting with 2017, we are again facing a critical moment in the recent history, that of the Covid-19 pandemic. In this context, the decline in the economic growth, as a result of the drastic measures imposed against the spread of the virus, will most likely lead to further budget cuts. Through this article, our aim is to present the concept of cost-effectiveness analysis, as a useful method in the decision-making process and one of the necessary tools for the efficient operation of the investment resources in defence procurement programs.
DIFERENȚE ÎNTRE GENERAȚII ÎN ABORDAREA DE CĂTRE PERSONALUL MILITAR A FORMĂRII PROFESIONALE CONTINUE
Authors:   Academia Forţelor Terestre „Nicolae Bălcescu”, Sibiu, BUMBUC Ştefania , MACOVEI Crenguţa-Mihaela ,   Academia Forţelor Terestre „Nicolae Bălcescu”, Sibiu
Published: June 2023

This paper starts from the premise that, although the problems of intergenerational relations in contemporary organisations are numerous, many of them can be improved if military leaders know the way of communication to which subordinates respond positively and the motivation techniques that best suit different generations. Regardless of the formal organisation, continuing vocational training activities in the military system have a greater impact and are more effective if they allow the people involved to have flexible approaches and if they combine face-to-face training with the widespread use of information technology and communication.
INFLUENÞELE ªI INTERACÞIUNILE CULTURALE ÎN CADRUL SISTEMELOR ORGANIZAÞIONALE AERONAUTICE CA ELEMENTE PREMERGÃTOARE PROCESELOR OPERAÞIONALE
Authors:   Baza 90 Transport Aerian, Statul Major al Forțelor Aeriene, IORDACHE Valentin-Marian
Published: June 2023

In the society we live in culture tends to become an abstraction, but the elements created in a social and organisational context that derive from culture are extremely important. If we do not understand how to manage these elements, which are in a complex and dynamic system, such as in the aeronautical system, then we will become their victim. Cultures have an impressive ability to create cohesion, performance and identity. They provide rules that allow diversity, regardless of its nature, to coexist. All organisations have a culture, and that of an aeronautical organisation must achieve maximum efficiency in risk conditions. Knowing the influences of each subculture helps reduce risks, costs, and improves the organisation’s efficiency and air safety. This paper aims to present the main cultures, and the link between them, within an aeronautical system and, at the same time, to help raise awareness of the importance of understanding the cultural elements in order to improve efficiency during operational processes.
RESTRÂNGERI ALE DREPTURILOR ªI LIBERTÃÞILOR FUNDAMENTALE ALE OMULUI PE TIMPUL STÃRII DE URGENÞÃ, GENERATE DE PANDEMIA COVID-19
Authors:   Statul Major al Forțelor Navale, PREDA DAVIDOIU Mădălina
Published: June 2023

During the state of emergency declared for limiting the spread of the COVID-19 virus, the central and local governmental authorities imposed a series of restrictions on fundamental human rights and freedoms, of essentially temporary nature and, where appropriate, tailored to meet the expected or actual severity level of the epidemic, aimed at eliminating the risk factors and minimising the effects on the population. National and international public policies focused on threats to public health, these threats being seen as a global human security issue for which governmental authorities intervened through firm and prompt measures that took into account the public interest, even by affecting fundamental rights and freedoms at the individual level. The purpose of this article is to identify the legal framework at the national level regarding the adoption of restrictions in exceptional circumstances, the restrictive measures that were put in place during the emergency period declared in the context of the coronavirus pandemic while highlighting the role of the armed forces in implementing and monitoring compliance with these restrictions.
COMPETIÞIA PENTRU ªEFIA MARELUI STAT MAJOR ÎN ANII CRIZEI BALCANICE ªI AI NEUTRALITÃÞII (1912-1916)
Authors:   Președinte al Comisiei Române de Istorie Militară, OTU Petre
Published: June 2023

The study analyses the competition for the position of Chief of the General Staff during the Balkan crisis (1912-1913) and during Romania’s neutrality (1914-1916). The position was very important and enjoyed an increased prestige, because it created the conditions for standing out on the battlefield and, implicitly, for winning military glory. Therefore, the number of competitors was quite high. However, the major decision-maker regarding the appointment of the Chief of the General Staff, which, during the war, was transformed into the General Headquarters, was the political factor, namely the ruling party and the king, who was “the head of the armed power”. The solution chosen at the beginning of the world conflict, which worked even after Romania entered the war, with General Vasile Zottu as Chief and General Dumitru Iliescu as Deputy Chief, actually leading the Romanian armed forces operations, was inefficient. The right person to lead the General Headquarters, namely General Constantin Prezan, was found only at the beginning of December 1916.
Supplements Formulation from Citrus Fruit Peels and Antioxidant Rich Spices
Authors:   Research Scholar, Institute of Higher Learning, Bhagat Phool Singh Mahila University, Sonepat, Haryana, India, Jyoti Jyoti , Veena Dr. ,   Principal, Institute of Higher Learning, Bhagat Phool Singh Mahila University Sonepat, Haryana, India
Published: June 2023

Citrus is exceptionally vital verity of natural products incorporate orange, lemon, sweet lime, kinnow, pomelo etc. This verity expended by populace in all over world in huge amount in different froth. It is utilized by businesses and in investigate segment for making juices, jam, toffee etc. This investigate substance incorporates arrangement of supplements from the combination of citrus natural product peels and flavors. It is additionally imperative for citrus natural products peel wastage utilization. In this inquire about audit three sorts of supplements defined with distinctive combination of peels powder and flavors such as to begin with supplement is defined by natural sweet lime peels with carom oil and cardamom powder, moment supplement is defined by natural orange natural product peels with cumin seed powder and clove oil, third supplement defined by natural lemon peel powder with combination of cinnamon oil and fennel seed powder. These supplements are defined on the premise of different wellbeing impacts in human life that can diminish the chance of gastrointestinal track for blood refinement and ordinary working of body. Individuals ought to incorporate such sort of item in their schedule to diminish the chance of malady.
On the problem of the origin of dislocations in the holocene sand deposits of the Onega structure of the Baltic shield
Authors: Poleshchuk A. V. , Zykov D. S. , Kolodyazhny S. Y. , Agibalov A. O. , Sentsov A. A.
Published: June 2023

Associations of dislocations of sand deposits (probably — Holocene) have been identified on the southeastern margin of the Baltic Shield in the Petrozavodsk depression. Brittle disjunctives have a normal faults kinematics. The description of the identified dislocations and the patterns of spatial orientation characteristic of them, coinciding with the orientation of the Paleoproterozoic faults, the Shuya River valley and the eskers, are given. Possible hypotheses are considered and a model of their formation is proposed. The revealed consistency of the orientation of the studied dislocations with ancient disturbances indicates the tectonic nature and inherited nature of the processes occurring within the southeastern margin of the Baltic Shield of the East European Platform (EEP).
A model of a shear landslide wedge with subsequent hydraulic rupture as an explanation for the formation of an anomalous section of the Bazhenov formation in the north of Western Siberia. 1. Section description, lithology, palynology
Authors: Fokin P. A. , Latypova M. R. , Fedyaevskiy A. G. , Gatovsky Yu. A. , Kalmykov A. G. , Kalmykov G. A. , Shadchnev N. A. , Butkeev A. S. , Soklakov I. B.
Published: June 2023

А new anomalous section of the Bazhenov formation was described in the territory of the Urengoy oil and gas condensate field in the northern part of Western Siberia. Article 1 presents the results of the lithological description of the core, the division of the main rocks into lithotypes, the results of granulometric and palynological analyzes. It was revealed that gray-colored sandy-clay deposits and sandy vein-like bodies are younger than the host rocks of the Bazhenov Formation, represented by black kerogen-siliceous-clay rocks. On the basis of palynological studies, as well as the similarity of the mineral and granulometric compositions of the studied sandstones with the sandstones of the Achimov strata, it was assumed that the studied clastic rocks belong to the Achimov deposits, which were intruded into the deposits of the Bazhenov Formation.
Fluid inclusions geochemical characteristics as indicators of the organic matter transformation degree in Jurassic sediments of the Em-Ega crest (Krasnoleninsky arch, Western Siberia)
Authors: Latypova M. R. , Prokofiev V. Yu. , Balushkina N. S. , Kotochkova Ju. A. , Churkina V. V. , Ivanova D. A. , Makhnutina M. L. , Kalmykov A. G. , Kalmykov G. A.
Published: June 2023

Fluid inclusions in quartz crystals from the Abalak formation carbonate rocks of 5 wells on the Em-Egovskaya summit of the Krasnoleninsky arch (Western Siberia) were investigated. Two-phase fluid inclusions with water-salt solutions, inclusions containing organic liquid, and single-phase gas fluid inclusions were found. For fluid inclusions with two-phases, the values of the homogenization temperature were obtained. For single-phase inclusions, the temperature of the second phase forming was revealed. It was established that two types of primary inclusions are present in one well, with oil and with water-salt solution. The homogenization temperature of the primary fluid inclusion containing a water-salt solution is 267°C, the homogenization of the oil-containing inclusion exceeds 300°C. In primary-secondary inclusions, the homogenization temperature reached 136 °C. Studies of the composition of inclusions by infrared spectrometry have shown that in single-phase inclusions, the gas is represented by methane. In primary-secondary inclusions, the composition may vary, while in the gas phase, the predominant components may be hydrocarbons with two or more carbon atoms. Studies of organic matter from the deposits of the Tutleim source-rock formation overlying the Abalak formation have shown that the stage of catagenetic transformation of kerogen in the studied wells changes. It was found that in wells in which organic matter is most transformed, the homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions exceeds 130°C. Thus, it is proved that on the territory of the Em-Egovskaya summit of the Krasnoleninsky arch, Jurassic deposits were effected by heat flows created by high-temperature fluids. Not only rocks of the Abalak formation were exposed by thermal processes, but also organic matter from the Tutleim formation was changed, as a result its maturity increased and the generation of hydrocarbon compounds was stimulated. The results obtained explain the difference in the catagenetic transformation of the organic matter of the Tutleim formation in this area. The study of the molecular composition of inclusions will allow us to more accurately reconstruct the conditions of hydrothermal processes. The study of fluid inclusions makes it possible to develop new criteria for the search for oil and gas deposits.
Secure remote client connection to higher education institution internal computer network through VPN
Authors:   Šiaulių valstybinė kolegija / Šiauliai State Higher Education Institution, Lithuania, Kaklauskas Liudvikas , Pugačius Dominykas ,   Šiaulių valstybinė kolegija / Šiauliai State Higher Education Institution, Lithuania
Published: June 2023

The article analyzes the problem of secure connection of a remote client to the internal computer network of the higher education institution. The most commonly used OpenVPN, Libreswan and WireGuard solutions were evaluated. The analysis of the literature showed that the OpenVPN solution is the most suitable for implementing a system for secure connection of remote clients to the internal computer network of the higher education institution. OpenVPN is easy to administer, able to read certificates and private keys from the most popular operating systems, uses two-way certificate authentication. Has been analyzed and assessed the needs of higher education institution users. The study of requirements for technical equipment was carried out. A conceptual model of the projected system has been prepared. A virtual model of the designed system was implemented and tested using cloud computing solutions. Checked the availability of internal network services. Evaluated encryption of transmitted data. Keywords: VPN, OpenVPN, WireGuard, Libreswan, IPSec
Stability of earth fill embankments constructed from residual soils including impacts of climate change
Authors:   AECOM, Waddell Peter
Published: June 2023

The paper looks at the stability of fill embankments using data from failed embankments constructed from residual soils in Western Sydney. Semi-quantitative, deterministic and probabilistic methods are used to consider the stability of such fill embankments. A simple, infinite slope model was adopted to carry out deterministic and probabilistic analyses. Climate data was used to assess the likelihood of fill saturation and the impacts of climate change on predictions.
A numerical parametric study of the effectiveness of the 4-sided impact roller
Authors:   University of New South Wales, Chen Yue , Jaksa Mark , Scott Brendan , Kuo Yien-Lik ,   University of Adelaide
Published: June 2023

Rolling dynamic compaction (RDC) is a specific type of dynamic compaction, which involves towing a heavy non-circular module at a relatively constant speed. This paper investigates the effects of module mass, operating speed and varying ground conditions on the effectiveness of the 4-sided impact roller using a developed finite element method (FEM)-discrete element method (DEM) model. Numerical results were analysed from four aspects, namely the energy imparted to the ground, soil velocity vectors, module imprint lengths and soil displacements at different depths. It is found that, a heavier module mass induces greater ground improvement in terms of both energy delivered to the soil per impact and the magnitude of soil displacements. The energy imparted to the underlying soil by the module increases with greater operating speed. The rotational dynamics of the module also change with increasing operating speed, whereby the impacts are delivered by the faces of the module at typical operating speeds; however, at faster speeds the impacts are delivered towards the corners of the module and the behaviour is less reproducible. The modelling showed that soil with a higher initial Young’s modulus and a higher internal angle of friction decreases the magnitude of soil displacements, which confirms that the impact roller is less able to significantly improve soils that are stiff or have a high initial shear strength.
Borehole investigation on steep sloping ground
Authors:   Department of Transport and Main Roads, Queensland Government, Sugawara Jun , Colborne Daniel , Sundaram Mogana
Published: June 2023

The Department of Transport and Main Roads (TMR), Engineering and Technology's (E&T) Geotechnical Section, have completed a research-based field trial aimed at developing a repeatable methodology to carry out geotechnical boreholes on steeply sloping ground. This has been presented in the context of slope failures, whereby the utilisation of this practise will provide subsurface information, which is directly representative of the area of interest, rather than that which is outside the landslide extent (current general practise within Australia). It is expected that the information gained from adopting this practice will enable optimum design and remediation treatments for landslides within Australia, and subsequently contribute strongly to sustainable project outcomes.
Assessment of the coefficient of consolidation with Queensland data
Authors:   FSG – Geotechnics and Foundations, Look Burt
Published: June 2023

Established relationships between the coefficient of consolidation (cv) and index tests are used during both preliminary design and as a cross check during detailed design. The laboratory oedometer test provides compressibility parameters and a lower bound of cv, while the coefficients of consolidation are preferred from the field dissipation tests. However, cv is dependent on the method used to determine its value, stress level, and over-consolidation ratio. In practice, the coefficient of consolidation values obtained from dissipation tests are used to predict settlement time, while oedometer tests are useful in obtaining the parameter required to predict the magnitude of settlement. However, dissipation tests measure the horizontal coefficient of consolidation (ch) which needs to be related back to the vertical value. These standard approaches are discussed using test data from Queensland sites. Inconsistencies in correlations are used to show that design should consider the wide variability in interpretations that can occur, and correlations of cv with index tests should not be used in detailed design. Additionally, the cv values obtained from oedometer testing is a poor predictor of time for consolidation. This could also be due to the size of samples being not large enough for the soil structure. Monitoring data from construction sites are used to assess a “moderately” conservative design value from dissipation and lab tests.
Interactive nature of „communication“ and its linguopragmatics to consider in management practice
Authors: Gabadadze Nana
Published: June 2023

As our research showed, responsives’ classification has to be based on their categorical features. Answer is a verbal response on causator induced by question. In case of similar interpretation of responses, we will have an opportunity to distinguish direct and indirect meanings of speech act. The given approach makes it possible to single out “the answer” from other types of “response reaction” that may be expressed by different kinesics means and even by more complicated communicative action – i.e. a deed. We have to remind that forms of “response reaction” are not always caused by question that is another factor related to the specificity of responses. Ontological features of the latter are a speech form of reaction that differs it from semiotic equivalents (nod of the head, gesture, communicative silence etc.). It should be noted that taxonomisation of semiotic equivalents of responses is of great importance for foreigners in language learning process. Unfortunately, within the limits of the present study we have no possibility to discuss in more detail the given problem, since it creates a risk of deviation from the basic subject. While representing the part of dialogue integrity, responses, as it was mentioned before, are closely connected to interrogative part. The specificity of linkage revelation in dialogue text has its peculiarities and depends on number of factors: on balance of relationship containing subjective and objective factors and determining communication strategy of respondents, as well as on semantic and formal sides of causation (on interrogative sentence).
Uji Tingkat Erosi Tanah dengan Variasi Intensitas Curah Hujan Menggunakan Alat Rainfall Simulator
Authors: Dali Abd. Syawal A , Pendang Ansyar , Musa Ratna
Published: June 2023

Tanah yang tererosi akan mengakibatkan penurunan produktivitas dan kesuburan tanah. Akibat erosi, kadar air dan kandungan berbagai mineral dan nutrisi tanah akan berkurang. Dari masalah tersebut, perlu dilakukan beberapa kegiatan untuk melestarikan lingkungan yang rusak karena erosi tersebut. Metode yang paling efektif dalam menanggulangi erosi yaitu perlu diadakan penelitian terhadap erosi itu sendiri. Salah satu penelitian pada angka erosi suatu tanah dapat dilakukan di laboratorium dengan menggunakan Rainfall Simulator. Pengukuran tingkat erosi tanah yang didapatkan di laboratorium akan dibandingkan dengan permodelan peramal erosi yaitu USLE. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh intensitas hujan terhadap tingkat erosi yang terjadi dan mengetahui perbandingan antara pengukuran erosi di laboratorium dengan Peramalan USLE. Dari hasil pengujian dengan variasi intensitas hujan 140, 179 dan 202 mm/jam dengan kemiringan 5° nilai erosi yang didapatkan dari pengujian menggunakan Rainfall Simulator berturut – turut sebesar 27,59; 33,87 dan 46.16 gram/m2. Sedangkan nilai erosi yang didapatkan dari metode USLE berturut – turut sebesar 24,42; 28,07 dan 31.81 gram/m2. Hasil erosi dari uji laboratorium nilainya lebih besar 1,26 kali dari pada hasil perhitungan USLE karena pada pemodelan hujan di laboratorium percikan air tidak dapat merata yang disebabkan oleh keterbatasan kemampuan nozzle pada Rainfall Simulator untuk memercikan air.
Optimalisasi Program CSR PT Petrokimia Gresik Pada Penyaluran Bantuan Masjid, Musala, Pondok Pesantren, Dan Panti Asuhan Untuk Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Sekitar Perusahaan
Authors: Anessya Anggia Savitri  , Yuniningsih Yuniningsih
Published: June 2023

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program, namely a company program whose implementation has influence or benefits, social and environmental responsibility for the community around the company to stakeholders. Research on community service aims to identify optimization of one of PT Petrokimia Gresik's Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Community Development unit programs, namely, the distribution of donations to mosques, prayer rooms, Islamic boarding schools, and orphanages to empower the community around the company. Assistance was provided in Gresik, Kebomas and Manyar sub-districts. The total funding assistance for 134 houses of worship and social institutions reached IDR 632,500,000. By using a qualitative descriptive method, because the research focus is to describe and provide an overview of the information on the object being studied. The research that has been done has shown that the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program, namely, the distribution of donations to mosques, prayer rooms, Islamic boarding schools and orphanages has been running effectively. Because the beneficiary community feels helped and useful for their needs. This program is also aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 9, namely Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure.
Hacia una conciencia de norma lingüística en los espacios de opinión pública de la Nueva España y de los primeros años de la Independencia mexicana
Authors: Rivas Zancarrón Manuel
Published: June 2023

La imagen que tienen los hablantes de una lengua respecto de un patrón normativo es esencial para la comprensión de por qué determinadas estructuras lingüísticas cambian o vacilan en el proceso que concluye en la manifestación de un acto verbal concreto. Los factores que condicionan este tránsito vienen favorecidos por el tipo discursivo (oral o escrito), entorno del acto verbal, condicionantes sociopolíticos, grado de educación del hablante, condiciones de emisión y recepción, ámbito geográfico de manifestación, y un largo etcétera. Lo cierto es que la variación de una lengua se ve impulsada o refrenada en función de la reacción de los hablantes ante los obstáculos que su conciencia le impone en la emisión de su mensaje durante una situación comunicativa determinada. En este sentido, después de analizar las repercusiones teóricas del concepto de norma en la escuela estructuralista, proponemos un análisis de los condicionantes sociopolíticos y culturales que pudieron influir en la creación de una conciencia normativa en el castellano de la Nueva España y de los primeros años de la Independencia mexicana a través de las opiniones manifiestas en la prensa periódica.
El sistema de datación como elemento para determinar las actitudes e ideologías lingüísticas en la prensa hispana de los Estados Unidos (1848–1899)
Authors: García Caba Marta
Published: June 2023

Este trabajo tiene el objetivo principal de analizar un tipo de transferencia interlingüística inusual encontrada en un corpus de periódicos escritos por hispanohablantes (mexicanos, españoles y cubanos) en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX en diferentes lugares de los Estados Unidos (California, Nuevo México, Texas y Nueva York): el sistema de datación. Los resultados que se obtengan contribuirán a comprender cómo se produce el contacto entre el inglés y el español en estos territorios. Asimismo, la exposición de este fenómeno particular también da cuenta de cómo la dicotomía existente entre el mantenimiento de la identidad hispana y la asimilación al sistema estadounidense de prestigio traspasa lo lingüístico y se materializa en una convención cultural como es escribir la fecha en documentos escritos.
Norma y prestigio de la GRAE en gramáticas no académicas
Authors: Cuadros Muñoz Roberto
Published: June 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo es contrastar o comprobar hasta qué punto llegó la influencia normativa y de prestigio de la GRAE en una selección de gramáticas no académicas (escolares, como epítomes o compendios, y siempre en cualquier caso alternativas a las académicas, escritas en España o Hispanoamérica). Para ello, tendremos en cuenta, entre otros elementos, el contexto de aparición de la RAE, los títulos y prólogos de las obras, así como, dado el caso, en otros fragmentos de las obras, que cubrirán, sobre todo, pero no exclusivamente, el espectro del siglo XIX.
Paysages "diffamés" : une lecture de l'oeuvre romanesque de Georges Eekhoud à l'aune de la question environnementale
Authors: Ninanne Dominique
Published: June 2023

Cet article est une lecture écopoétique de l'oeuvre romanesque du naturaliste belge Georges Eekhoud (fin XIXe-début XXe siècle). Il a pour objectif d'analyser les représentations des atteintes à l'environnement dans Les Milices de Saint-François, La Nouvelle Carthage et Le Terroir Incarné. Nous présenterons d'abord les espaces (villes, faubourgs, types d'industries, campagne) et les nuisances qui y sont associées (insalubrité, pollution de l'air, du sol, de l'eau, disparition de la faune et de la flore). Ensuite, à partir d'outils d'analyse de la « pensée-paysage » de Michel Collot, nous examinerons la matérialité même de l'écriture des pollutions, en mettant en évidence l'aspect visuel de l'écriture de Georges Eekhoud, l'attention prêtée aux odeurs, ainsi qu'un imaginaire reposant sur des effets d'anthropomorphisation et de nombreuses références historiques et mythologiques.
Lengua y dialecto en la revista El Folk-lore andaluz (1882–1883) : la encarnizada lucha de la "ideología alternativa" de la identidad andaluza contra la "ideología dominante"
Authors: Sancha Vázquez Julián
Published: June 2023

En este trabajo vamos a tratar la creación y deriva de la revista El Folk-lore andaluz creada por el movimiento folklorista de finales del siglo XIX, apenas estudiada hasta la fecha desde el prisma puramente lingüístico. A este fin, vamos a realizar un análisis sociolingüístico y antropológico siguiendo los presupuestos de la "violencia simbólica" de Bourdieu (1985), así como los estudios sobre "ideologías lingüísticas" de la más reciente antropología del lenguaje (Woolard 2007, 2012). La idea consiste en centrar el estudio, en un primer lugar, en el contexto sociohistórico en el que se gesta la revista (1882–1883); y, en un segundo y último lugar, en entender cómo fue el tratamiento que se le daba al habla andaluza (en su condición de dialecto popular) a la hora de reivindicarlo a través de los diferentes trabajos que la compusieron, de donde podremos inferir cómo estos estaban íntimamente ligados a la ideología folklorista de sus autores y cómo esto, a su vez, chocaba contra la ideología dominante del momento en el estudio lingüístico o sencillamente desde el nivel político-institucional.
Occidentalismos léxicos en documentación notarial gaditana : entre el dialectalismo y la norma en testamentos del siglo XVIII
Authors: Fernández González Margarita
Published: June 2023

Se presenta un estudio histórico del léxico localizado en documentación notarial del municipio gaditano de Medina Sidonia, datada entre 1746 y 1800, en concreto, un total de cuarenta y cinco testamentos cuyo núcleo principal es un inventario o relación de bienes. Para este trabajo, se parte de la hipótesis de la presencia de regionalismos léxicos, cuyo uso, además de alejarse del español normativo, corrobora la presencia de vocablos de otras áreas dialectales en el ámbito andaluz, concretamente, occidentalismos, voces asociadas a la franja occidental peninsular.
Thomistic Environmental Ethics
Authors: Eva Rich ,   Center for Environmental Philosophy, The University of North Texas
Published: June 2023

A cursory reading of Thomas Aquinas’s work can give the impression he condones a despotic or exploitative relationship between humans and the environment. Many philosophers and theologians have sought to dispel this impression and draw out a more robust Thomistic environmental ethic. In this paper, I support this endeavor by describing how, in Thomas’s work, the environment is God’s artistic property and how this notion qualifies our use of the environment. Next, I consider two concepts related to artistic property: vandalism and showcasing. I explore these concepts as they relate to the environment and find they give us reasons not to deface or destroy creatures and to look to creation for guidance in problem-solving.
From Explanation to Understanding
Authors: Filatov Vladimir P. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2023

Understanding has usually been seen as a method of hermeneutics. Until recently, philosophers of science paid little attention to the topic of scientific understanding because they came to the conclusion that understanding can be nothing more than a psychological by-product of scientific activity. However, many scientists believed that understanding was an important aim of science. The article states that understanding is a universal cognitive phenomenon applicable to the knowledge of not only cultural and historical phenomena, but also natural objects and processes. Understanding does not oppose explanation; some types of the latter produce scientific understanding. In the course of criticism of the standard model of scientific explanation, the first concepts of “scientific understanding” arose – unifying and causal-mechanistic. A pragmatic approach to scientific understanding is also considered, linking it to the cognitive skills of a scientist or a group of scientists.
The History of Science in the Context of the State Ideology
Authors: Pechenkin Alexander A. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2023

Mandelstam’s criticism of the Rayleigh theory of the blue color of the sky (1907) and his polemic with M. Planck (1907–1908) did not become notable events in the history of physics. However, the method of their coverage in the Soviet and in the post-Soviet physics literature is remarkable. Most of Soviet physicists and historians of physics supported Mandelstam's point of view in his criticism of both Raleigh and Planck. The situation changed only at the beginning of the 21st century: in the Russian literature the publications appeared emphasizing that in the Raleigh–Mandelstam and Planck–Mandelstam controversies Mandelstam was not right, Raleigh and Planck were closer to the truth. Which presumptions of this trend can be noted? This was patriotism of the scientific school peculiar to Mandelstam’s graduate students and the former graduate students, the patriotism connected with solidarity which helped Mandelstam’s community to survive in the Soviet totalitarian regime and in the totalitarian organization of science. This was also progressionism which was popular among academics and among men in the street. The phenomenon of common knowledge, mutual knowledge among the members of a scientific community should be taken under consideration. Common knowledge is connected with the non-thematized anonymous inclusion of the ideological terminology into scientific discourse.
Fruits of the Enlightenment
Authors: Ananyin Oleg I. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2023

Economics as a science emerged during the Enlightenment, but the impact of the specific general scientific environment of that era on the transformation of pre-scientific economic knowledge into scientific knowledge has not been adequately covered in the historiography of economic thought. The formation of economic science took place in the period of the scientific revolution of the XVIIth and XVIIIth centuries. These were two interrelated but different processes. First of all, the transformation of economic knowledge followed fundamental changes in the economy itself – the formation of a market-type economy. At the same time, the emergence of a new discipline in the structure of scientific knowledge could not help but be guided by established standards of scholarship. However, at the time of the scientific revolution, science was in a state of turbulence: the old medieval norms of scholarship were losing their legitimacy, and the new ideals of scholarship had not yet attained the status of an accepted standard. The scientific programs associated with the names of Bacon, Descartes, Leibniz and Newton, as well as the new socio-philosophical doctrines, played different roles in different countries and at different stages of the scientific revolution. The article analyzes the peculiarities of the intellectual environment, in which scientific economic knowledge was shaped, and shows that it was much more diverse than the standard versions of the history of economic thought and earlier attempts (M. Foucault, F. Mirowski) to identify the influence of scientific ideals on its first schools of science suggest. Thus, the prerequisites for the formation of an alternative picture of the emergence of economic science as a result of the rivalry between its various concepts are created.
Turkish Validity and Reliability of the Hikikomori (Social Withdrawal) Scale (HQ-25)
Authors: Kaya Rabia , Tanrıverdi Derya , Özgüç Safiye
Published: June 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Hikikomori (HQ-25) scale.
Participants: The sample of the study consisted of 418 nursing students.
Methods: Language and content validity and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used in the validity-reliability analysis of scale. In addition, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, item-total score correlation, and test-retest reliability methods were used. CFA, it was observed that three-factor structure of scale was preserved in the Turkish sample as well. Significant correlations were found between the scale and other scales (p<0.01).
Results: As a result, it was adapted into Turkish, revealing that the scale is valid and reliable in measuring the social withdrawal behavior of individuals. It is recommended to evaluate using the scale in risky groups in terms of social withdrawal.
Pharmacist-Led Discharge Transitions of Care Interventions for Pediatric Patients: A Narrative Review
Authors: Hovey Sara W. , Cho Hae Jin , Kain Courtney , Sauer Hannah E. , Smith Christina J. , Thomas Christopher A.
Published: June 2023

Transitions of care (TOC) before, during, and after hospital discharge are an opportune setting to optimize medication management. The quality standards for pediatric care transitions, however, are lacking, leading to reduced health outcomes in children. This narrative review characterizes the pediatric populations that would benefit from focused, TOC interventions. Different types of medication-focused TOC interventions during hospital discharge are described, including medication reconciliation, education, access, and adherence tools. Various TOC intervention delivery models following hospital discharge are also reviewed. The goal of this narrative review is to help pediatric pharmacists and pharmacy leaders better understand TOC interventions and integrate them into the hospital discharge process for children and their caregivers.
Physician-Pharmacist Collaborative Drug Therapy Management in Pediatric Hypertension
Authors: Donald Bryan J. , King Terry D. , Phillips Brandon L. , Jones Krista , Barham Anna , Watson Jennifer , Batson Jerry
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE

Pediatric hypertension affects 2% to 5% of children and adolescents in the United States and is frequently undertreated. The increasing prevalence of pediatric hypertension and worsening physician shortage create difficulties in closing this treatment gap. Physician-pharmacist collaborations have been shown to improve patient outcomes in adult patients. Our aim was to demonstrate a similar benefit for pediatric hypertension.

METHODS

Pediatric patients whose hypertension was managed at a single pediatric cardiology clinic from January 2020 to December 2021 were enrolled in collaborative drug therapy management (CDTM). Patients whose hypertension was managed in the same clinic from January 2018 to December 2019 were used as a comparison group. The primary outcomes were achievement of at-goal blood pressure at 3, 6, and 12 months and time to control of hypertension. Secondary outcomes were appointment adherence and serious adverse events.

RESULTS

A total of 151 patients were included in the CDTM group, and 115 patients were included in the traditional care group. Of those, 100 CDTM patients and 78 traditional care patients were assessed for the primary outcome. Fifty-four (54%) CDTM patients and 28 (36%) traditional care patients achieved at-goal blood pressure at 12 months (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.14–3.85). Appointment non-adherence was 9.4% for CDTM and 16% for traditional care (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.35–0.82). Adverse events were similar between groups.

CONCLUSIONS

CDTM increased rates of at-goal blood pressure without increased adverse events. Physician-pharmacist collaboration may improve treatment of hypertension in pediatric patients.
Comparison of Antiemetics in the Management of Pediatric Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome
Authors: Geraci Emily , Cake Carrie , Mulieri Kevin M. , Fenn Norman E.
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE

As a result of recent legislative changes allowing for increased access to marijuana products, there have been increasing rates of cannabis abuse among adolescents and subsequent diagnoses of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS). Most available literature on this syndrome exists within the adult population and describes benzodiazepines, haloperidol, and topical capsaicin as potentially efficacious in the management of CHS. The objectives of this study were to identify antiemetics and compare their efficacy and safety in the management of pediatric CHS.

METHODS

A retrospective review of Penn State Children's Hospital electronic health record was performed to identify patients 18 years or younger who had an emergency department or inpatient encounter, a cannabis hyperemesis–related diagnosis code, and met diagnostic criteria for CHS. Antiemetic efficacy was determined using subjective patient perception of nausea and objective documentation of vomiting. Benzodiazepines, haloperidol, and topical capsaicin were classified as nontraditional antiemetics, whereas all other antiemetics were classified as traditional.

RESULTS

Nontraditional antiemetic medications appeared to be more effective in resolving patient symptoms compared with traditional antiemetics. Analysis of all ordered antiemetics demonstrated a gap in partial or full symptom resolution between nontraditional and traditional agents. Reported adverse effects were minimal.

CONCLUSIONS

Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome is an underrecognized and underdiagnosed condition characterized by cyclic vomiting related to chronic cannabis use. Abstinence from cannabis remains the most effective approach to mitigating morbidity associated with CHS. Medications such as lorazepam or droperidol may have benefit in managing toxidrome symptoms. Traditional antiemetic prescribing remains a key barrier to effective management of pediatric CHS.
Comparison of Time Within Therapeutic Range Using Anti-Factor Xa Versus Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time Monitoring of Unfractionated Heparin in Children
Authors: Haftmann Richard J. , Pineda Erika May , Hall Brent A. , Wilson Machelle D. , Mateev Stephanie N.
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE

To compare unfractionated heparin (UFH) monitoring using time in therapeutic range of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) versus anti-factor Xa activity (anti-Xa) in children.

METHODS

This retrospective chart review, with data between October 2015 and October 2019, included pediatric patients younger than 18 years on therapeutic UFH infusion with aPTT or anti-Xa monitoring. Patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, dialysis, concomitant anticoagulants, prophylactic UFH, no stated goal, and UFH administered for less than 12 hours were excluded. The primary outcome compared the percentage of time in therapeutic range between aPTT and anti-Xa. Secondary outcomes included time to first therapeutic value, UFH infusion rates, mean rate adjustments, and adverse events.

RESULTS

A total of 65 patients were included, with 33 aPTT patients and 32 anti-Xa patients, representing 39 UFH orders in each group. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups, with an overall mean age of 1.4 years and mean weight of 6.7 kg. The anti-Xa cohort demonstrated a statistically significantly higher percentage of time in therapeutic range compared with the aPTT group (50.3% vs 26.9%, p = 0.002). The anti-Xa group also demonstrated a trend toward decreased time to first therapeutic value compared with aPTT (14 vs 23.2 hours, p = 0.12). Two patients in each group experienced new or worsening thrombosis. Six patients in the aPTT cohort experienced bleeding.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrated greater time was spent within therapeutic range for children receiving UFH monitored with anti-Xa compared with aPTT. Future studies should assess clinical outcomes in a larger population.
Characterization of Febrile Neutropenia Management in Children With Malignancies: A Single-Center Evaluation
Authors: Khairullah Amanie , Garner Lauren M. , DeMarco Mia , Wilson William S.
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE

Current recommendations for febrile neutropenia (FN) include initiation of broad-spectrum antibiotics without clear indications of when or how to de-escalate or target therapy, especially in those without microbiologically defined bloodstream infections (MD-BSIs). The purpose of this study is to characterize a pediatric FN population, FN management, and identify the proportion of patients with MD-BSI.

METHODS

This study was a single-center, retrospective chart review of patients admitted to the University of North Carolina Children's Hospital between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2019, with a diagnosis of FN.

RESULTS

There were 81 unique encounters included in this study. MD-BSI was the etiology of fever in 8 FN episodes (9.9%). The most common empiric antibiotic regimen was cefepime (62%) followed by cefepime and vancomycin (25%). The most common de-escalation type was the discontinuation of vancomycin (83.3%), and the most common type of escalation was the addition of vancomycin (50%). The median antibiotic total duration in patients without MDI-BSI was 3 days (IQR, 5–9).

CONCLUSIONS

In this single-center, retrospective review, most FN episodes were not due to an MD-BSI. There were inconsistencies in practice of when discontinuation of antibiotic therapy occurred in patients without MD-BSI. De-escalation or cessation of antibiotic therapy before neutropenia resolution did not result in any documented complication. These data suggest a role for implementing an institutional guideline to improve consistency in antimicrobial use in pediatric patients with febrile neutropenia.
Comparison of Dosing Accuracy Between the ENFit LDT and a Neonatal-Specific ISO-Compliant Enteral Syringe
Authors: O'Mara Keliana , Campbell Christopher , O'Mara Ryan
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the dosing accuracy of 2 female enteral syringe types for use in neonates.

METHODS

This was an in vitro study evaluating dosing accuracy of ENFit with low dose tip (LDT) and Nutrisafe2 (NS2) syringes. Acceptable dosing variance (DV) was +/− 10%. Outcomes included tests exceeding 10% DV and DV by syringe size, dispensing source, and intended dosing volume.

RESULTS

A total of 300 tests were performed (LDT = 150, NS2 = 150) with 3 syringe sizes (0.5, 1, 3 or 2.5 mL). Compared with NS2, LDT had significantly more tests with unacceptable DV (48% vs 4.7%, p < 0.0001) and higher absolute DV (11.9% vs 3.5%, p < 0.001). Dosing variance was inversely proportional to syringe size, where the smallest syringes were least accurate (0.5 mL LDT 16.1% vs 4.6%, p < 0.001). The largest syringes had acceptable DV (3 mL LDT 8.8% vs 2.5 mL NS2 3.3%, p < 0.001). Bulk bottle with adapters demonstrated a higher DV with LDT compared with NS2 (13.3% vs 3.9%, p < 0.001). Medication cups without adapters were associated with acceptable DV for both LDT and NS2 (9.7% vs 2.9%, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The Nutrisafe2 syringe has greater dosing accuracy as compared with ENFit LDT syringe. Smaller syringes are associated with greater dosing inaccuracy, but this effect was within acceptable DV for the NS2 syringe. Bulk bottle adapters did not improve the accuracy of the LDT. More clinical evaluations are needed to determine if the ENFit can be safely used in the neonatal population.