bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As feiras em cidades médias da Amazônia: as relações desenhadas a partir das experiências nas cidades de Marabá-PA, Macapá-AP e Castanhal-PA
Authors: Amaral Márcio Douglas Brito
Published: March 2017

O objetivo central deste texto é analisar a inserção das feiras de Marabá-PA, Macapá-AP e Castanhal-PA no circuito espacial de produção. De um lado, pretende-se mostrar que as feiras nessas cidades funcionam como alternativa de abastecimento para uma parcela significativa da população, ao mesmo tempo em que acompanham sua lógica de organização espacial; de outro, constata-se que elas criam uma densa rede de relações entre a cidade e a região. A hipótese é que, nas análises geográficas, não se deve desprezar o papel do circuito inferior da economia urbana na estruturação da cidade e de sua rede de relações, e nem descartar as horizontalidades.
Geografia e arqueologia: análise espacial e contextual de sítios arqueológicos no estuário amazônico
Authors: Senna Cristina Do Socorro Fernandes
Published: March 2017

As contribuições teórico-metodológicas da ecologia de paisagem com enfoque geográfico foram aplicadas à análise espacial e contextual de três sítios arqueológicos (PA-BA-83: Bittencourt, PA-BA-84: Alunorte e PA-BA-85: Jambuaçu) do projeto Arqueológico Bauxita Paragominas, no estuário amazônico. Os resultados mostraram que os artefatos, biofatos e ecofatos resgatados remetem à tradição ceramista Tupi-Guarani, que, no último milênio, desenvolveu atividades de horticultura em floresta tropical, sendo o plantio de mandioca, a caça e a coleta de frutos silvestres a principal economia do grupo, embora também mantivessem forte ligação com a planície flúvio-marinha, sobretudo para obter recursos alimentares como frutos de palmeiras, crustáceos e peixes.
Faça um esforço por agradar: dicas para um trabalhador de sucesso segundo a Randstad e a Tempo-Team
Authors: Matos José Nuno
Published: March 2017

As novas formas de produção e as suas exigências vieram introduzir profundas alterações no mundo do trabalho e, logicamente, no trabalhador. Outrora selecionado pela força dos músculos e/ou por um conhecimento meramente técnico, ao trabalho da atualidade exige-se um conjunto de qualidades mais vastas, as quais obrigam a mobilização de traços de personalidade e sociabilidade. O objetivo deste artigo reside na compreensão do teor da contribuição correta e necessária que todo trabalhador deve desenvolver, concentrando-se a nossa análise no comportamento do trabalhador, em primeiro lugar, no processo de recrutamento e, posteriormente, na relação com os colegas e com o chefe. Com base nos artigos de imprensa e vídeos publicados na página de Facebook da Randstad e da Tempo-Team, procederemos ao estudo destas grelhas de inteligibilidade que devem orientar a conduta de todo trabalhador.
Percepções de crianças do Rio de Janeiro sobre as representações raciais: notas de campo
Authors: De Carvalho Thaís
Published: March 2017

Este artigo visa a principiar uma análise da reação das crianças ao predomínio de representações positivas brancas na mídia. Através do conceito de discriminação racial como trauma cultural e do trabalho de diversos autores sobre o colorismo no Brasil, é feita uma contextualização dos comentários simbolicamente violentos dos pequenos nas escolas. O artigo também aponta algumas estratégias de construção do discurso e políticas públicas que começam a aparecer na tentativa de resolver esse problema. O trabalho é parte de minha pesquisa de mestrado sobre a violência nas interações cotidianas das crianças, para a qual realizei trabalho de campo em duas escolas de contexto socioeconômico diferente na cidade do Rio de Janeiro.
Obesity Increases Risk‐Adjusted Morbidity, Mortality, and Cost Following Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Ghanta Ravi K. , LaPar Damien J. , Zhang Qianzi , Devarkonda Vishal , Isbell James M. , Yarboro Leora T. , Kern John A. , Kron Irving L. , Speir Alan M. , Fonner Clifford E. , Ailawadi Gorav
Published: March 2017

Background

Despite the epidemic rise in obesity, few studies have evaluated the effect of obesity on cost following cardiac surgery. We hypothesized that increasing body mass index (
BMI
) is associated with worse risk‐adjusted outcomes and higher cost.

Methods and Results

Medical records for 13 637 consecutive patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (9702), aortic (1535) or mitral (837) valve surgery, and combined valve–coronary artery bypass grafting (1663) procedures were extracted from a regional Society of Thoracic Surgeons certified database. Patients were stratified by
BMI
: normal to overweight (
BMI
18.5–30), obese (
BMI
30–40), and morbidly obese (
BMI
>40). Differences in outcomes and cost were compared between
BMI
strata and also modeled as a continuous function of
BMI
with adjustment for preoperative risk using Society of Thoracic Surgeons predictive risk indices. Morbidly obese patients incurred nearly 60% greater observed mortality than normal weight patients. Moreover, morbidly obese patients had greater than 2‐fold increase in renal failure and 6.5‐fold increase in deep sternal wound infection. After risk adjustment, a significant association was found between
BMI
and mortality (
P
<0.001) and major morbidity (
P
<0.001). The risk‐adjusted odds ratio for mortality for morbidly obese patients was 1.57 (
P
=0.02) compared to normal patients. Importantly, risk‐adjusted total hospital cost increased with
BMI
, with 17.2% higher costs in morbidly obese patients.

Conclusions

Higher
BMI
is associated with increased mortality, major morbidity, and cost for hospital care. As such,
BMI
should be more strongly considered in risk assessment and resource allocation.
Revision of Marphysa de Quatrefages, 1865 and some species of Nicidion Kinberg, 1865 with the erection of a new genus (Polychaeta: Eunicidae) from the Grand Caribbean
Authors: MOLINA-ACEVEDO ISABEL C. , CARRERA-PARRA LUIS F.
Published: March 2017

Nine species of Marphysa from the Grand Caribbean Region are recognized and described based on the type and non-type specimens. One species is formally described as new: M. emiliae n. sp., and one is re-established as a valid species: M. fragilis Treadwell, 1911. The diagnosis of Nicidion Kinberg, 1865 is restricted based on novel features of the maxillary apparatus. Nicidion angeli (Carrera-Parra & Salazar-Vallejo, 1998) is redescribed, and two species that previously belonged to Marphysa, are transferred to Nicidion: N. longula (Ehlers, 1887) n. comb. and N. obtusa (Verrill, 1900) n. comb.. A new genus Treadwellphysa n. gen. is proposed to include those species having a newly described type of chaetae named spinifalcigers (exhibiting a mixture of falciger and spiniger blades), the base of maxillae II with a small elevation, and the ventral cirri with swollen base as transverse welt with short digitiform tip. Treadwellphysa n. gen. includes a new species, T. yucatanensis n. sp. and three other species previously included in Marphysa: T. amadae (Fauchald, 1977) n. comb., T. languida (Treadwell, 1921) n. comb., and T. veracruzensis (de León-González & Díaz-Castañeda, 2006) n. comb. Some morphological features are evaluated to clarify their variability with respect to specimen size. A key to Eunicidae genera, and keys to species of Marphysa and Treadwellphysa n. gen. from the Grand Caribbean region are given.
Intraspecific variation in adult Uvitellina iraquensis Dronen, Ali & Al-Amura, 2013 (Cyclocoelidae: Haematotrephinae) from two collection sites of white-tailed lapwing, Vanellus leucurus (Lichtenstein) (Charadriiformes: Charadriidae), in Iraq
Authors: DRONEN NORMAN O. , AL-KASSAR NOTHIALA R. , ALI ATHEER H. , ABDULHAMEED MOHANAD F. , ABDULLAH BASIM H. , AL-MAYAH SABEEH H.
Published: March 2017

A total of 19 white-tailed lapwing, Vanellus leucurus, were collected from Huwazah Marsh, north-eastern Basrah Province, Iraq from February to March and in October, 2011 (collection site #1) and 60 V. leucurus were collected from Al-Hammar Marshes, Thi-Qar Province, southern Iraq from July to November, 2012 (collection site #2), and examined for cyclocoelids. Nineteen Uvitellina iraquensis Dronen, Ali & Al-Amura, 2013 from site #1 and 17 specimens from site #2 were fixed with minimal compression for comparisons of morphological characteristics, measurements, morphometric percentages and morphometric ratios commonly used to distinguish species of cyclocoelids. An additional five adult specimens from site #1 were fixed without compression for comparisons. Specimens from site # 1 (n=24) represented only fully-developed, non-senescing adults, while those from site #2 (n=17) could be divided into fully-developed (non-senescing) adults (n=8); younger (smaller, less developed) adults (n=5) and senescing adults (n=4). The following characteristics were relatively consistent, and appeared to be valuable in identifying groups of similar species and distinguishing species in Uvitellina: the presence or absence of the oral sucker; the oral sucker/pharynx width ratio; the posterior extent of the cirrus sac relative to the intestinal bifurcation; the position of the genital pore relative to the pharynx; the position of the testes in the body; the length of the intertesticular space; the length of the posttesticular space; the lateral disposition of the uterine loops; the presence of a posteriorly-directed, tail-like extension off the posterior confluence of the vitelline fields; the posterior extent of the uterine loops relative to the gonads; and the size of fully-developed eggs. It may be beneficial to calculate the percentage that measurements represent relative to the body length to provide insight into the relationship of the size of a structure to increased size of the specimens (growth). Specimens fixed without compression appeared to be less uniform, less symmetrical, shorter, more distorted and the internal details were more difficult to see.
Positive and Negative Eddy Feedbacks Acting on Midlatitude Jet Variability in a Three-Level Quasigeostrophic Model
Authors: Robert Loïc , Rivière Gwendal , Codron Francis
Published: March 2017

The variability of midlatitude jets is investigated in a long-term integration of a dry three-level quasigeostrophic model on the sphere. As for most observed jets, the leading EOF of the zonal-mean wind corresponds to latitudinal shifts of the jet, and the second EOF to pulses of the jet speed. The first principal component (PC1) is also more persistent than the second one (PC2); this longer persistence arises from different eddy feedbacks both in the short term (i.e., within a few days following the peak of the PCs) and in the long term. The short-term eddy feedbacks come from two distinct mechanisms. First, a planetary waveguide effect acts as a negative feedback on both PCs. The positive phases of PC1 and PC2, which correspond to poleward-shifted and accelerated jets, respectively, are first driven then canceled by planetary waves reflecting on the equatorward flank of the jet. A similar process occurs for the negative phases when planetary waves reflect on the poleward flank of the jet. Second, synoptic waves also exert a short-term negative feedback on PC2: when the jet accelerates, the enhanced meridional wind shear increases the barotropic sink of eddy energy and depletes it very rapidly, therefore preventing synoptic eddies from maintaining the accelerated jet. Finally, at lags longer than their typical time scale, synoptic eddies drive a positive feedback on PC1 only. This feedback can be explained by a baroclinic mechanism in which the jet shift modifies the baroclinicity, causing, first, eddy heat flux anomalies and, then, momentum convergence anomalies. This feedback is absent for PC2, despite some changes in the baroclinicity.
The family economic status and outcome of people with schizophrenia in Xinjin, Chengdu, China: 14-year follow-up study
Authors: Ran Mao-Sheng , Yang Lawrence H , Liu Yu-Jun , Huang Debbie , Mao Wen-Jun , Lin Fu-Rong , Li Jie , Chan Cecilia Lai-Wan
Published: March 2017

Background:

Little is known about whether family economic status might influence the long-term (e.g. over 10 years) outcome of persons with schizophrenia in the community.

Aim:

To examine the differences in outcome at 14-year follow-up of persons with schizophrenia from high versus low family economic status backgrounds in a Chinese rural area.

Method:

A prospective 14-year follow-up study was conducted in six townships in Xinjin County, Chengdu, China. All participants with schizophrenia ( n = 510) were identified in an epidemiological investigation of 123,572 people aged 15 years and older and followed up from 1994 to 2008.

Results:

Individuals from low family economic status (<mean) in 1994 had significantly higher rate of homelessness (9.9%) and lower rate of survival (63.8%) in 2008 than those from high family economic status (⩾mean; 3.2% and 76.6%, respectively). Individuals from low family economic status had significantly lower rates of marriage and complete remission, higher mean scores on Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and lower mean score on Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) than those from high family economic status in 2008. The predictors of low family economic status of individuals in 2008 encompassed the baseline low family economic status, poor families’ attitude toward the patient, younger age, older age of first onset and longer duration of illness.

Conclusion:

Low family economic status is a predictive factor of poor long-term outcome of persons with schizophrenia in the rural community. Individuals’ family economic status should be considered in making mental health policy and providing community-based mental health services.
Substance Misuse–Related Parental Child Maltreatment
Authors: Taylor Myra F. , Marquis Ruth , Coall David , Wilkinson Celia
Published: March 2017

In Australia, children removed from the parental home because substance use–related child maltreatment issues are commonly placed in grandparent custodial care; however, the longer term relational costs of this approach have yet to be determined. Conventional, summative, and directive content analyses were conducted on data extracted from 88 Australian custodial grandparent completed Grandcarer Needs, Wellbeing and Health Surveys. Conventional analysis revealed the most common reason grandparents gave for their assumption of custodial care was drug use–related acts of parental child maltreatment. Summative analysis revealed antidepressants, marijuana, Valium, ice, and amphetamines were the most commonly used parental drugs and that these drugs were frequently used in combination with dexamphetamine, antipsychotics, heroin, ecstasy, and cocaine. Directed analysis contextualized the strain that drug use–related custodial caregiving places on grandparents’ financial resources, and how this strain is burdensome when the grandparents’ annual income is less than Aus$80,000. It also contextualizes the need for future research to explore family reunification desires/barriers.
Denosumab Improves Bone Mineral Density in Patients With Intestinal Failure Receiving Home Parenteral Nutrition: Results From a Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Szczepanek Kinga , Pedziwiatr Michal , Klek Stanisław
Published: March 2017

Aim: Low bone mineral density (BMD) is commonly reported in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Oral and intravenous calcium, vitamin D, and bisphosphonates have been used to treat BMD but with low efficiency due to their limited absorption and patient compliance. Denosumab is a new drug that helps prevent osteoclast development and activation and led to decreased bone resorption in some studies. The aim of this study was to assess its value in HPN patients. Methods: Between November 2011 and March 2013, 49 patients receiving HPN (29 women, 20 men, mean age 55.3 years) who met the eligibility criteria were randomly assigned to a denosumab or control group. Regional dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry of the spine and hip was performed before therapy and after 12 months. BMD, T score, and z score were assessed. Results: Fifteen patients received 2 doses of therapy and were fully reassessed after 1 year. At baseline and after 12 months, the absorptiometry revealed T scores of −3.439 standard deviations (SD) vs −2.33 SD at lumbar segment 2 (L2) and −2.957 SD vs −2.067 SD at lumbar segment 3 (L3), z scores of −2.24 SD vs −1.36 SD at L2 and −1.995 vs −1.067 SD at L3, and BMD of 0.801 vs 0.946 at L2 and 0.857 vs 0.979 at L3, respectively. Two serious outcomes were reported, without any correlation to the intervention. Two patients were weaned off HPN and hence discontinued. One patient experienced sciatica, resulting in discontinuation of the intervention. Conclusions: This study showed that denosumab may be a valuable treatment option for improving BMD in HPN patients.
Mathematical analysis of the influence of brain metabolism on the BOLD signal in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Winter Felix , Bludszuweit-Philipp Catrin , Wolkenhauer Olaf
Published: March 2017

Blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) is a standard clinical tool for the detection of brain activation. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), task-related and resting state fMRI have been used to detect brain dysfunction. It has been shown that the shape of the BOLD response is affected in early AD. To correctly interpret these changes, the mechanisms responsible for the observed behaviour need to be known. The parameters of the canonical hemodynamic response function (HRF) commonly used in the analysis of fMRI data have no direct biological interpretation and cannot be used to answer this question. We here present a model that allows relating AD-specific changes in the BOLD shape to changes in the underlying energy metabolism. According to our findings, the classic view that differences in the BOLD shape are only attributed to changes in strength and duration of the stimulus does not hold. Instead, peak height, peak timing and full width at half maximum are sensitive to changes in the reaction rate of several metabolic reactions. Our systems-theoretic approach allows the use of patient-specific clinical data to predict dementia-driven changes in the HRF, which can be used to improve the results of fMRI analyses in AD patients.
The Knowledge Work of General Managers
Authors: Storey John , Salaman Graeme
Published: March 2017

Despite widespread acceptance of the idea of the crucial importance of knowledge in business, the way in which knowledge has so far been studied and subject to scrutiny has been restricted and fragmented. Both the scholarly and the practice-based agendas have been restricted to a relatively narrow range of issues, such as the use of ICT for ‘managing’ knowledge and the identification of different types of knowledge. Likewise, most fieldwork studies have concentrated on the use of tacit knowledge at operational levels. Indeed, very little attention has been paid to the characteristic features of knowledge at the strategic apex of organisations. In this article, the focus is on the knowledge work undertaken by the executive members of top management teams. The research reported here reveals insights into the kinds of knowledge deployed by general managers and the ways in which they use this know-how.
Are CSR and Corporate Governance Converging?: A View from Boardroom Directors and Company Secretaries in FTSE100 Companies in the UK
Authors: Money Kevin , Schepers Herman
Published: March 2017

This paper reports on research that explores the perceived relationship between corporate governance and corporate social responsibility (CSR) from the perspective of main board directors and company secretaries in 13 FTSE100 companies in the UK. A comparative literature analysis of shareholder and stakeholder theory shows that the scope of corporate governance has broadened overtime, a phenomenon influenced by the growing importance of CSR. While there is now a coherent stream of theoretical approaches within corporate governance that are concerned with the broader environment, there is little empirical evidence to shed light on these. Using qualitative field research, the paper aims to redress this balance. The research sample is narrowed to those connected to FTSE 100 companies in the UK. Data analysis revealed a significant alignment between the corporate governance and CSR programmes within the sample companies. Key influencers for this convergence were seen to be regulatory pressure, the rise of business ethics (due to corporate scandals) and demands from SRI investors. As such, there is evidence that businesses are starting to look beyond financial accountability as the sole route to creating shareholder value. This development is causing a shift of the corporate-governance concept to a stakeholder-based approach, with a balance of focus between the short-term financial accountability of directors with a long-term sustainable strategy. This increased alignment between corporate governance and CSR is reflected in the development of more formal governance structures, such as the growing number of CSR board committees, SEE risk registers and CSR reports.
Rebalancing the Board's Agenda
Authors: Nordberg Donald
Published: March 2017

Since 2002, the activities of corporate boards have been dominated by the governance agenda. In Europe – to an even greater degree than the United States – governance codes have proliferated. This paper examines the resulting imbalance, where compliance with codes of conduct threatens to overwhelm the board's primary responsibility, i.e. the creation of wealth. We consider a model of board processes that starts with four key roles: setting direction, marshalling resources, controlling and reporting, and evaluating and enhancing for the next cycle.

“We must urgently bring back some pragmatism to corporate governance … And if we want governance schemes that actually work in a real business environment, they must be based on principles, not detailed rules that try to pre-empt all the eventualities a lawyer can think of.” Peter Brabeck-Letmathe, CEO, Nestlé SA.

The governance agenda has rightly drawn attention to the work of board committees and the question of the independence of mind directors need to show. But it may have diverted focus from three questions that ought to figure more prominently in the board's work: • How should the board apportion its work between compliance, risk assessment and setting strategic direction? • How do directors become determine when to focus on risk-mitigation and when to encourage strategic risk-taking? • In face of greater personal accountability for governance compliance, where do they draw the line between their role overseeing management and interfering with management's responsibilities?
The Relationship between Performance as a Leader and Emotional Intelligence, Intellectual and Managerial Competences
Authors: Hawkins John , Dulewicz Victor
Published: March 2017

This paper presents the findings of the first of three stages of the Scottish Police Service Leadership Study (SPSLS), a major study focusing upon the relationship between leadership style, emotional intelligence, context and performance as a leader within the police service in Scotland. This stage of the study examines the relationship between performance as a leader and emotional intelligence (EQ), intellectual competence (IQ) and managerial competence (MQ). Competency, organisational context, performance as a leader and follower commitment data were gathered through the use of the 360-degree version of the Leadership Dimensions Questionnaire (LDQ). Data was gathered from bosses, peers and followers as well as from the leaders themselves who participated in the study. Additional annual appraisal performance data was also obtained and analysed. The results presented provide support for the proposition that there is a positive relationship between EQ and performance as a leader in policing. Furthermore, partial support is also provided for the propositions that EQ explains more variance in performance as a leader than IQ and more variance in performance as a leader than MQ.
Managing Strategy in Turbulent Environments
Authors: Perrott Bruce E.
Published: March 2017

Organisations face a challenging future where managers will need to work smarter to achieve growth and profit targets. Senior managers and boards perceive the market-place as becoming more complex and challenging. As environmental turbulence increases, strategic issues that challenge the way an organisation plans and implements its strategy emerge with greater frequency. It also brings into question responsibilities as well as the balance of power and decision-making between those who manage and those who govern. It would be useful for management and board members to discuss perceptions of environmental turbulence from time to time. This would enable a meeting of the minds regarding the strategic position and future directions of the organisation. It would also enable a better understanding of capability appreciation needed to respond to various levels of environmental turbulence. For successful survival, organisations need to balance the conditions of the environment, their business and marketing strategies and their capability to implement them. Hence the tracking, monitoring and management of priority strategic issues becomes an imperative. Strategic issue processing techniques present the opportunity for managers to identify issues and plan appropriate actions that will enable them to maintain an alignment with the demands of the external environment, no matter how turbulent.
Achieving Competitive Advantage through the use of Project Management under the Plan-do-Check-act Concept
Authors: Srivannaboon Sabin
Published: March 2017

Based on case study research that analysed nine projects in seven market leaders across industries, this study addresses the ways of achieving various organisational competitive advantages through the use of project management for senior executives and top managers. In particular, the research findings identified two common themes that formed the linkages of the alignment between project management and business strategy. It was found that the competitive advantages drive the focus and content of project management as part of an intended strategy. At the same time, the detected changing business and project conditions help improve the execution of business strategy and/or the management of projects as part of an emergent strategy. The key for success is to develop appropriate project management styles that support the business strategy's competitive advantages and identify general guidelines regarding how to adapt their project management based on the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) concept. This should be done through a creative, artful and adaptive process in which organisational strategy and organisation as a whole are taken into account.
Trusting Relationships and Personal Acquaintance: Implications for Business Friendships
Authors: Bäckström Lars , Nel Deon
Published: March 2017

Friendship is very often a component of business relationships. Organisations frequently have relationships with their suppliers, customers and collaborators that could be described as ‘friendly’. However, there is little comparative evidence concerning the extent to which business friendships resemble true social friendships. This article illustrates some differences that may exist between social and business friendships, with particular reference to the extent that interpersonal relationships are trusting, and are based on the nature of personal acquaintance. This means that managers need to understand the differences between business and personal friendships and adjust the type of interactions they, and those who report to them, have with customers, suppliers, collaborators, and the like.
Mergers, Acquisitions and the Determinants of National Competitiveness in the European Electricity Industry: An Empirical Test
Authors: Schiavone Francesco
Published: March 2017

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are critical operations by which companies implement their growth strategies. Over the last 15 years various phenomena have dramatically increased the number of national and cross-border M&A in many industries. Scholars have extensively studied the European electricity industry. The evidence commonly presented in recent scholarship is that, after the continental industry deregulation started in 1996, electric companies from the more competitive European countries tended to perform more M&A. However, to date scholars have not analysed whether the different types of context (i.e. national) conditions of one home-base impact homogeneously or heterogeneously on the M&A activity of its own national companies. This article presents the findings of a statistical analysis aimed at measuring the relationships between each determinant of the competitiveness of 26 European countries and the set of M&A (at both domestic and cross-border levels) of European electricity companies over the period 2008–09).
Ranking Gives Power: Relationships between UK Universities and Chinese Agents
Authors: Yen Dorothy A. , Yang Hsiao-Pei S. , Cappellini Benedetta
Published: March 2017

This article investigates the working relationships between UK universities and Chinese student recruitment agents. Data draw on insights from the senior management of ten UK institutions. Findings reveal that the ranking position of a university is the ultimate source of power that defines its position in the international HE network of universities and agents. In addition, this article throws light on the debate of power relations between universities and agents in the international HE context and discusses the various sources of power that universities could employ to counterbalance the influence of rankings and to negotiate their network positions. Finally, the findings offer practical advice to university managements and government policy makers by discussing how universities of different ranking positions could exercise their sources of power to better leverage their relationships with Chinese agents.
Green Retailing Practices: An Exploratory Comparison between Chinese and British Retailers
Authors: Wang Chengbo , Li Xiaomei , Mao Zhaofang
Published: March 2017

Constituting the link between supply and demand, retailers can play an important role in a supply chain's green operations and logistics activities, which are one of the key contemporary concerns of governments and the general public. China, as a huge, fast-developing and opening marketplace has been attractive to British and other international retailers. However, the competition facing these retailers in the Chinese marketplace is intensifying. Research shows that British retailers began greening their business operations earlier than Chinese businesses that are still at an early stage. British retailers thus have an early-mover advantage with green operations as a characteristic competitive strength. The comparative study presented in this paper on the current green status/approaches of both Chinese and British retailers will be valuable to managers who are developing green strategies to enhance their competitiveness in the Chinese retail sector; the paper also enriches green theories in relation to this particular marketplace.
An Exploration of the Roles of HR Departments in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Diep , Teo Stephen , Mylett Terri
Published: March 2017

This study explores the roles of human resource departments in Vietnam. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 human resource and line managers. Data were analysed using the repertory grid approach. There was divergence in the roles performed by human resource departments between foreign and local enterprises. The role framework of human resources developed in Western economies was perceived to be present in foreign investment enterprises, but not identified in privately-owned enterprises. Human resource departments in privately-owned organisations were perceived to be more administratively-oriented. In addition, the present study supports the notion that multiple stakeholders perceive differently the strategic and value-added role of human resource departments in organisations.
Leadership that Develops other People: An Empirical Study into the Effect of Humanist Principles and Therapeutic Common Factors on Subordinate Development
Authors: Young Mike
Published: March 2017

Although the development of others has been a recognised leadership activity since antiquity, there appears to be a dearth of literature specifically addressing the components of leadership that result in the greatest personal growth for others. This paper develops some tentative principles of subordinate development based on ideals of humanist, and transformational, leadership which appear to share common ground with psychotherapeutic theory and findings from ‘common factors’ research. These principles are then examined by original analysis of data (N = 103) captured as part of a wide-ranging study into leadership in the Royal Navy (RN). The results highlight: belief in the potential of others, the associated move from ‘own-authority’ to ‘others'-responsibility’, empowerment, and caring as being the basis of effective Subordinate Development. These findings are then situated within the broader social change literature as support for the assertion that ‘individualised consideration’ and ‘other-centeredness’ are a basis for successful human relations and growth, regardless of the field of endeavour.
Regulatory Focus and Workplace Behaviour: Organisational citizenship behaviour, workplace deviance and the moderating role of gender
Authors: Kumar Navin , Lee Christina K. C.
Published: March 2017

This study aims to gain insight into the motivations that underlie one's workplace behaviour, using regulatory focus theory. Given that males and females act differently in the workplace, the question of whether gender moderated this association was also considered. Workplace behaviour is modelled in this study by the contrasting actions of organisational deviance, a means of harming the organisation and organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) – conscientiousness, a means of enhancing the organisation. Regulatory focus theory indicates that different means or foci can be used to achieve the same goal, either by approaching a match to the desired goal or by avoiding a mismatch to the required goal, known as promotion or prevention, respectively. A total of 108 students from an Asian campus of a Western university were primed for either one of these foci. Participants were then administered a questionnaire to determine their willingness to exhibit conscientiousness and organisational deviance. The results show that prevention primed individuals were more willing to demonstrate conscientiousness, consistent with theory. However, instead of a direct relationship between one's regulatory focus and their willingness to demonstrate organisational deviance, it was found that gender moderates the relationship between one's regulatory focus and the willingness to perform organisational deviance, but does not moderate the relationship between regulatory focus and the willingness to perform conscientiousness. The paper explains the results and examines opportunities for future research.
Who Gets the Lion's Share? Top Management Team Pay Disparities and CEO Power
Authors: McClelland Patrick L. , Brodtkorb Tor
Published: March 2017

While the distribution of pay across the hierarchy of corporations has received considerable attention, until recently the disparity of pay within top management teams has received comparatively little focus. This paper contributes to the evolving literature by moving the debate beyond extant tournament theoretic explanations and towards a power-specific theory of disparate pay in top management teams. The theoretical model is tested in the context of a cross-section of 604 publicly-traded firms using hierarchical least squares regression. Results are supportive of the theory and indicate that CEO power plays an important role in determining the disparities of pay within top management teams.
Graduate Entrepreneurship and Career Initiation in the ‘New Era’ Economy
Authors: Rae David
Published: March 2017

The aim of this article is to explore graduate entrepreneurship and career-making in the period of stagnant economic growth in the UK over the six years from the financial crisis of 2008 to the present day. In the context of a challenging economy, this period has seen a strong emphasis on graduate employability and education for entrepreneurship within Higher Education, both within the United Kingdom and at international levels. The prevailing employment market offered depressed levels of demand and constrained graduate career opportunities, with signs of recent recovery. The article reflects on six years' experience of this ‘New Era’, drawing on labour market research and projections, and summarises the challenges and responses in graduate enterprise and employability applicable to the post-2008 economy. Finally, it offers practical options for institutional policies, enterprise education and individual actions, centering on graduate career development.
The Multi-Dimensional Influence of Informal Social Networks in Korea – Propositions for Future Management Research
Authors: Horak Sven
Published: March 2017

Whereas sociologists such as Granovetter (1973, 1995) pointed out the positive influence of informally organised social ties for economic exchange, Chinese Guanxi networks in particular have served as a major source to fuel discourse on informal networks in East Asia. This paper contributes to the advancement of such theory by presenting the as yet seldom recognised Korean version of informal social networks. These can be classified into three types: Yongo-, Yonjul-, and Inmaek-based ties. The paper proposes some important departures for future research, i.e.: (1) informal ties strengthen cooperation between firm-external stakeholders through high-trust relationships; (2) they contribute to a homogeneity of corporate leadership groups; and (3) they positively contribute to group harmony and team cohesion. Further (4) informal ties benefit information acquisition but at the same time bear a risk of unwanted information transfer among competing firms; finally (5) expatriates cannot establish certain important informal ties in Korea by their very nature. Whereas social science proposes a decline of informal networks with further economic development, informal networks in Korea do not seem to be declining, but rather, in certain fields, they seem to be increasing in strength. Implications presented in this paper contribute to the theory of informal social networks, show avenues for future management research on Korea and provide practitioners with important information on management practice in Korea.
Ultimate Control, Expropriation and Dividend Payments: A Reputation Management Perspective
Authors: Li Wilson X. B. , He Tina T. , Tang Gordon Y. N.
Published: March 2017

General management is concerned with a firm's reputation, and a high expropriation risk can lead to an unfavourable reputation. The corporate reputation management perspective predicts that such firms could improve their reputation by adopting appropriate dividend policies. This study investigates the dividend policies of firms listed in Hong Kong over the 1997–2007 period. The results show that for firms with a higher expropriation risk proxied by high ultimate control and control divergence, dividend rates are negatively associated with control divergence and dividend payments are more stable, thus supporting the predictions of the reputation management perspective. This study further discusses the implications for researchers and practitioners in general management.
Managing Volunteerism Behaviour: The drivers of donations practices in religious and secular organisations
Authors: De Abreu Madalena Eça , Laureano Raul M. S. , Alwi Sharifah Faridah Syed , Da Silva Rui Vinhas , Dionísio Pedro
Published: March 2017

This paper investigates the key drivers of donations practices and offers insights into volunteerism behaviour in order to help charities make better informed decisions when attempting to attract more volunteers as well as helping them to better manage fundraising activities/practices. A framework is presented to test if gender, age, religious affiliation, compassion, altruism, egoism, and religiosity impact on the level of volunteerism of the donor. By using an email survey-method, this study is informed by 612 respondents who donate regularly to charitable institutions. The study finds that religiosity, altruism, and compassion boost the volunteerism level of the donor. The findings suggest that religiosity and religious affiliation positively influence the volunteerism of a donor, and so organisations can successfully look for volunteers among religiously affiliated groups who actively participate in religious services. Altruism and compassion are also important drivers for donor volunteerism and, as a result, organisations can develop volunteering campaigns and messages by portraying them as related to altruistic values and compassionate behaviours.
Managing Information Systems: Three Key Principles for General Managers
Authors: Macmillan Hugh
Published: March 2017

Many top managers feel that they are not getting sufficient added value from IS, yet do not know how to make significant improvements. Some helpful principles and guidelines are provided.
A Review of Compliance with Cadbury
Authors: Conyon Martin J. , Mallin Chris A.
Published: March 2017

To what extent have companies implemented the recommendations of the Cadbury Committee on the financial aspects of corporate governance?
IT and Organizational Change: Lessons from Client/Server Technology Implementation
Authors: Bhattacherjee Anol , Hirschheim Rudy
Published: March 2017

Information technology can be linked with core business processes to facilitate organizational change and generate new sources of competitive advantage.
Muslims in Indian cities: Degrees of segregation and the elusive ghetto
Authors: Susewind Raphael
Published: March 2017

In India, the country with the third largest Muslim population in the world, residential segregation along religious lines has long been of concern. Many go so far as to speak of the large-scale ‘ghettoization’ of Muslims, a trend commonly attributed to the state’s negligence towards this religious minority and prolonged histories of so-called ‘communal’ violence between religious groups. Others emphasize long-standing pattern of residential clustering in enclaves and claim that these have always been voluntary. Both the ghetto and the enclave are usually considered highly segregated spaces, though. This paper complicates such views through an in-depth engagement with the seminal ethnographic volume Muslims in Indian Cities, edited by Laurent Gayer and Christophe Jaffrelot. Based on novel quantitative estimates of religious demography, I contrast and compare the same 11 cities studied in their book – Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Jaipur, Lucknow, Aligarh, Bhopal, Hyderabad, Delhi, Cuttack, Kozhikode and Bangalore – using statistical indices of segregation. This comparison with the ethnographic ‘gold standard’ shows that the mere extent of segregation is an insufficient shortcut to the phenomenon of ghettoization: a ghetto actually need not be highly segregated and a ‘mixed area’ can be surprisingly homogenous. Consequently, I argue that one should not only distinguish between voluntary and forced clustering but also consider the wider ‘mental maps’ through which inhabitants experience, perceive and judge their city. Such mental maps specifically help to uncover historical trajectories, feelings of insecurity and the future expectations of people regarding their cities – irrespective of quantitative degrees of segregation.
Are University Students in Singapore Meeting the International and National Recommended Daily Servings of Fruits and Vegetables?
Authors: Lim Raymond Boon Tar , Tham Dede Kam Tyng , Müller-Riemenschneider Falk , Wong Mee Lian
Published: March 2017

Data are lacking on fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption among young adults in the Asia-Pacific region. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of students who met the international and national recommendation of daily consumption of 5 and 4 FV servings, respectively, in a university in Singapore and the factors associated with meeting the national recommendation. A cross-sectional survey using proportional stratified random sampling was conducted on 884 undergraduates in 2013. The prevalence of meeting the international and national recommendation was 13.6% and 27.1%, respectively. The significant factors of meeting national recommendation were those from higher socioeconomic status, those making conscious effort to eat food high in fiber, those not skipping breakfast, those having a lower frequency of deep fried food consumption and those with higher meal frequency. Behavioral and structural interventions to educate, motivate and nudge university students to promote FV consumption are required in Singapore.
Effects of a high O2 dynamic-controlled atmosphere technology on the browning of postharvest white mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) in relation to energy metabolism
Authors: Li Ling , Sun Han , Kitazawa Hiroaki , Wang Xiangyou
Published: March 2017

Browning is one of the main problems in senescence of mushrooms, and it is also one of the most important attributes accounting for the loss of the quality and reduction in market value. In order to study the relationship between the energy metabolism and the browning of white mushroom under high O2 dynamic-controlled atmosphere (HO-DCA), mushrooms were stored in 100% O2 (SCA1), 80% O2 + 20% CO2 (SCA2), 100% O2 for three days and then transferred into the treatment of 80% O2 + 20% CO2 (HO-DCA) at 2 ± 1 ℃ and air as control. In this study, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, energy charge level, sensory evaluation, browning of surface and flesh, cell membrane integrity, exogenous ATP, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activity and genes encoding PPO of the white mushroom were investigated. These were all closely related to the browning of products. The optimal storage condition of the HO-DCA treatment could delay the browning of pericarp and flesh tissues of the mushrooms, inhibit PPO activity and reduce the relative expression levels of the three genes encoding PPO. Meanwhile, it maintained moderate POD activity, good sensory properties and cell membrane integrity in a certain extent and thus slowed down the senescence of mushrooms. Results indicated that there was a positive correlation between the ATP content and whitening index ( r = 0.901). In addition, HO-DCA maintained a higher ATP level, prolonged the storage time to 28 days and it might be an ideal strategy for preserving the quality of mushroom during storage.
Finite element method completely implemented for graphic processor units using parallel algorithm libraries
Authors: Pichler Franz , Haase Gundolf
Published: March 2017

A finite element code is developed in which all of the computationally expensive steps are performed on a graphics processing unit via the THRUST and the PARALUTION libraries. The code focuses on the simulation of transient problems where the repeated computations per time-step create the computational cost. It is used to solve partial and ordinary differential equations as they arise in thermal-runaway simulations of automotive batteries. The speed-up obtained by utilizing the graphics processing unit for every critical step is compared against the single core and the multi-threading solutions which are also supported by the chosen libraries. This way a high total speed-up on the graphics processing unit is achieved without the need for programming a single classical Compute Unified Device Architecture kernel.