bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La productividad de la vainilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews) en México de 2003 a 2014
Authors: Santillán Fernández Alberto , Salas Zúñiga Alejandra , Vásquez Bautista Nehemías
Published: May 2018

En México la producción de vainilla (Vanilla planifolia) ha disminuido como resultado de una escasa aplicación de paquetes tecnológicos adecuados a las condiciones edafoclimáticas del cultivo. Para comprobar esta hipótesis se realizó un análisis de su productividad de 2003 a 2014 a nivel internacional, mediante pruebas de medias de Tukey, y a nivel nacional con el modelo de descomposición de factores del crecimiento de la producción propuesto por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura. Los resultados mostraron que, en el periodo de estudio, México no incrementó su exportación de vainilla a nivel internacional debido a que se destinó una escasa superficie al cultivo. En el contexto nacional, para el periodo 2009-2014 en comparación con 2003-2008 hubo un incremento en la producción de 2.5 % como respuesta a los rendimientos de campo (2.0 %). Esto se registró en 14 de los 52 municipios involucrados, que presentaron un aumento de 1.6 % en la superficie sembrada y 1.8 % en el campo, lo que contrasta con la caída de producción (-0.1 %) de los restantes 38 municipios, producto de una reducción en el área cultivada (-2.3 %). Estos resultados indican que a pesar de los buenos rendimientos en campo que se obtuvieron de 2009-2014, el país no ha podido incrementar su productividad a nivel internacional, principalmente por la escasa superficie sembrada y a la falta de transferencia de tecnología para impulsar el desarrollo del sector.
Mejoramiento genético acelerado de angiospermas perennes vía inducción floral por sobre-expresión del gen FT
Authors: Urrea López Rafael
Published: May 2018

Los bosques y selvas enfrentan el reto de satisfacer la demanda por recursos de una población en crecimiento, así como la amenaza del rápido cambio climático que exacerba la magnitud y frecuencia de estreses bióticos y abióticos. Para ello, es urgente acelerar el mejoramiento genético de especies forestales. Sin embargo, sus largas etapas juveniles y asincronía floral retrasan peligrosamente este proceso. El presente ensayo explora los adelantos biotecnológicos en inducción floral y su potencial aplicación en especies forestales. Entre los genes identificados y caracterizados que participan en la ruta de señalización de la floración, especial atención se destina al gen FLOWERING LOCUS T, considerado un integrador de rutas de señalización altamente conservado entre las angiospermas, que, al sobre-expresarse por ingeniería genética, es capaz de inducir la floración de forma eficiente. Esta novedosa estrategia biotecnológica se ha utilizado, recientemente, para segregar genes de resistencia a enfermedades, en un menor tiempo, en germoplasma comercial de manzana y ciruela. Permite soslayar barreras naturales que por mucho tiempo han restringido a las especies forestales al mejoramiento por selección, principalmente. Entre sus ventajas está la de poder restringirla al proceso y no al producto, para acelerar las cruzas sexuales sin modificar genéticamente la progenie; se aleja así de la controversia alrededor de la liberación y consumo de organismos genéticamente modificados, y de los costos y trámites obligatorios para los OGM para monitoreo de posibles riesgos. Se proyecta como una tecnología que puede acelerar, significativamente, el mejoramiento de especies forestales.
Le Soprintendenze bibliografiche dello Stato
Authors: Canella Massimo
Published: May 2018

The intervention sums up the story of the bibliographic Superintendences, ministerial offices funded in 1919 and transferred to the Regions in 1972, and talks about their positioning within the history of the cultural policies from the Italian unification onwards. Sources used have been legislative and regulatory acts, essays on the subject from different periods and written testimonies of sector’s operators. The immediate reason for this has been the need to study the development of state and regional  policies on this matter when reform interventions deeply modify the balance of the last forty years. The survey has outlined also the persistence of never-solved problems in the planning of public interventions: for example, different functions have been managed by eclectic structures and at the same time the performance  of the single functions has been fragmented based on their own institutions.
Gli archivisti e la tutela del patrimonio archivistico
Authors: Tatò Grazia
Published: May 2018

ANAI’s goal is right now to formulate working hypotheses for a new conservative dimension and protection of the archival sector, where ‘conservation’ does not only mean the technical and logistical problem of physical or virtual storage and application tools to be developed, but first of all issues concerning the role and authority of archival administration, and the need to establish strategic alliances within, and especially outside, the specific area and the reference ministry. The matter is also creating a network among the operators, and clamping the ranks and working closely in order to enforce the extraordinary heritage that all countries have and do not always know how to fully exploit. And even in view of this, on 12th June 2012 the presidents of national professional associations of librarians (AIB), museum (ICOM) and archivists (ANAI) created the MAB (Museums, Archives, Libraries), a coordination of Associations.
Il passaggio di competenze nell’esportazione dei beni librari: tutto è cambiato, perché nulla cambi?
Authors: Salamone Francesco Emanuele
Published: May 2018

The author – taking a cue from the entry into force of l.n. 125/15, which has (re)transferred to the State the competence regarding the protection of the old paper – addresses the regulatory coordination issues that have led to a situation of handicapped protection of cultural heritage for several months after the entry into force of l.n. 125/15. In the second part of the article, the authordescribes- with an operating cutting – the largest administrative critical for the protection of
rare books, identifying practical solutions, and operationally could help the administration of the Italian cultural heritage to come out of an atavistic impasse.
Biblioteche e archivi tra valorizzazione e tutela
Authors: Zanetti Melania
Published: May 2018

Italian Regions were responsible for the safekeeping of historical library holdings from 1972 to 2015, when a State law returned such duties to the State. However, that law did not provide for specific training of the officials on the subjects they are supposed to deal with. The paper focuses on some of the critical issues deriving from that institutional reform, which has had a negative impact on the preservation and conservation activities that, in accordance with the Italian legislation (Codice dei beni culturali e del paesaggio), play an important role in the protection of our cultural heritage.
Des flammes à l’écran
Authors: Rabel Claudia
Published: May 2018

On 26 May 1944, the library of Chartres was destroyed by fire. Of its 518 medieval manuscripts, mainly coming from the cathedral and the abbey of Saint-Père-en-Vallée, about 40% survive in fragments of varied states of conservation. The manuscripts were restored at the Bibliothèque nationale of Paris between 1944 and 1948. Since 2005, l’Institut de recherche et d’histoire des textes (CNRS) has directed a complex project that includes the digitalisation of manuscripts (in some cases, following the relaxation of the parchment), their publication in the IRHT virtual library (BVMM, Bibliothèque virtuelle des manuscrits médiévaux), the virtual rearrangement of fragments in their correct order, the study of manuscripts, theirs owners and old libraries, the maintenance and up-dates of the dedicated website.
La scrittura di Sant’Ignazio di Loyola tra paleografia e chimica
Authors: Giovè Marchioli Nicoletta , De Rubeis Flavia
Published: May 2018

The article is composed of two different parts, both resulting from the palaeographic analysis of the Diario spirituale written by Ignatius of Loyola. The first part outlines Spain’s graphic panorama during the 16th century and contextualises the writing of Saint Ignazio examining its peculiarities and the used abbreviation systems. The second part studies the writing method on the basis of the spectrographic analysis of the ink, with particular attention given to ink changes and corrections made during the writing.
La chimica e il restauro dei manoscritti: qualche luce, molte ombre
Authors: Calvini Paolo
Published: May 2018

In the last few years the development of experimental techniques and the increase of computational possibilities allowed a significant step ahead in the field of Paper Preservation Science. However, some key results are still neglected by paper scientists. This study shortly reviews some recent achievements (quoted in the bibliography) that deserve further analysis. The proposed examples are related to the rate of paper decay in accelerated ageing experiments, to the FTIR analysis of gelatine sizing, of degraded iron gall inks and of biotic foxing.
La conservazione preventiva del patrimonio librario come possibile alternativa al restauro tradizionale
Authors: Zendri Elisabetta , Balliana Eleonora , Izzo Francesca Caterina , Falchi Laura
Published: May 2018

The present paper focuses on the close relation between library collections and their preservation environment, aiming, in particular, at highlighting the importance of promoting and sustaining the monitoring. The paper proposes some simple and ready-to-use technologies – smart monitoring – to prevent future damages.
Roads to Reconciliation
Authors: Samarani Guido , Meneguzzi Rostagni Carla , Graziani Sofia
Published: May 2018

This volume include essays originally delivered at the international workshop Italy, Europe, China: Economic, Political and Cultural Relations During the Cold War Years (1949-1971) held at the Department of Asian and African Studies of Ca’ Foscari University of Venice on 13th-14th February 2014 as well as invited research papers by two international outstanding scholars who have made valuable contributions to the study of China’s foreign policy and engagement in the ’50s and ’60s. The book illustrates recent trends in international research on China-Western Europe relations in the years of intense Cold War, complicating the long-held image of Mao-era China as sealed off from the outside world.
The Research on China’s Foreign Policy in the Cold War Period
Authors: Zhi Liang , Zhihua Shen
Published: May 2018

China was a very important regional power that influenced the fundamental pattern of confrontation and détente between the two blocs. With the emergence of new historical documents and the adoption of new methods, Chinese scholars have conducted a few discussions on China’s foreign policy during the Cold War period since 2001. Their research activity is important for at least three reasons: first, thanks to the analysis of new historical material Chinese scholars have opened up many new research questions; second, it has constantly enlarged the field of analysis focusing on high level external contacts and lower strata grassroots exchange; third, a research team characterised by a reasonable age distribution is being formed in China. Moreover, China has already created two major institutions for scientific research and documentary collection located in the south and the north of the country: the Centre for Cold War International History Studies at East China Normal University and the School of History at Capital Normal University. Certainly, there are still shortcomings in Chinese research on China’s foreign policy during the Cold War and Chinese scholars themselves are attempting to address the problems.
Living in Mao’s China
Authors: Hooper Beverley
Published: May 2018

During the Mao era a small number of Europeans lived in the PRC – most of them for two or three years, a few for the whole period. This article focuses on those who, unlike diplomats and a handful of foreign correspondents, worked or studied in Chinese institutions: ‘foreign comrades’ (both long-term residents and sojourners), ‘foreign experts’ and students. The article shows how the everyday lives of these Europeans were strongly influenced both by Mao era’s ‘politics in command’ environment and by PRC policies that utilised them for political and pragmatic purposes while at the same time marginalising them from everyday Chinese life. It also illustrates the divisive impact of Maoist politics on each group. The Cultural Revolution brought a temporary halt to both the foreign expert and student presences in China, as well as being a traumatic period for the foreign comrades.
The Hong Kong Riots and the Sterling Empire Last Stand
Authors: Peruzzi Roberto
Published: May 2018

The years 1966 and 1967 are crucial for British Crown’s Colony of Hong Kong and for United Kingdom’s economic relation with the People’s Republic of China. Few studies on the subject addressed this reality only partially, whereas a thorough vision remains to be achieved. The 1967 left-wing riots marked a point of no return in UK’s perception of the Hong Kong issue from a political standpoint as the events showed the British the exact measurement of their weakness in the area. But while agreeing that UK’s decolonization strategy might have an earlier start, we have to point out that the years 1966 and 1967 need to be studied as crucial dates, which marks the acquisition of a new consciousness by the Hong Kong financial and industrial milieus: from then on, the economic future of the colony will look towards the Mainland and not anymore towards the United Kingdom, thus acknowledging the strong, though not problem-free, links built over the years by the Hong Kong capitalists with the People’s Republic of China establishment.
Italy’s Communist Party and People’s China (’50s-early ’60s)
Authors: Samarani Guido
Published: May 2018

In the ’50s and early ’60s the Italian Communist Party (ICP) was one of the main actors involved in informal and unconventional diplomacy between Italy and the People’s Republic of China (PRC). In the absence of diplomatic relations between the two countries, the presence in Italy of the largest Communist party in Western Europe undoubtedly acted as an important channel for unofficial Sino-Italian exchanges. This paper tries to trace the development of ICP-CCP relations focusing in particular on the Italian Communists’ views and analysis of the CCP’s historical experience. It also would like to show that ICP leaders generally viewed the CCP’s revolutionary in a positive way, an evaluation which largely stemmed from the ICP’s own national experience and its search for a more autonomous international role.
A Welcome Guest?
Authors: De Giorgi Laura
Published: May 2018

Velio Spano was an important member of the Italian Communist Party, who visited Communist China in the crucial period of Autumn 1949 and wrote the first book in Italian about the Chinese revolution. Often mentioned in works dedicated to the history of Sino-Italian relations, this event has never been thoroughly studied. The recent availability of Spano’s personal archives offer the possibility to better investigate his visit to China and to place it in the complex political environment of that period. This paper is a first attempt to use Spano's personal records about his stay to explore the actual reality of his experience and the implications of his presence in 1949 China.
International political activism in the ’50s
Authors: Graziani Sofia
Published: May 2018

This paper examines the role played by adult-led youth groups in providing avenues for early encounters between Italian and Chinese Communists in the ’50s. In particular, it focuses on the links built up within international organisations linked to the Soviet-sponsored peace movement at a time when direct exchange between the Italian and Chinese Communist parties had yet to start. Relying on a large variety of primary and secondary sources, some of which have never been used before, I provide evidence of how participation in Soviet-led international organisations made early political contacts and interactions possible. The focus is on Bruno Bernini, whose personal experience in China is examined within the context of the World Federation of Democratic Youth’s policies and initiatives in the early and mid-’50s.
Classe multietnica o internazionale?
Authors: Pugliese Rosa
Published: May 2018

Internationalisation of education is approached here from the angle of actors – learners – seen as both a collective entity (the classrooms) and individual subjects. This paper problematises, in the (Italian) academic discourses, the use of the word international, which is restricted to higher educational domains, but quite rarely applied to schools, where multiethnic is the word used. Yet still, it is learners’ heterogeneity (in native language, culture, geographical origins…) to be basically at stake in both cases. Conceptions underlying these usages are deconstructed, also by exemplifying categorizations analyses of learners. The ultimate goal is to highlight implications for language education.
Lettura e percorsi di semplificazione del testo
Authors: Abbaticchio Rossella
Published: May 2018

Reading literacy is no longer seen as a mere passive linguistic ability. Particularly throughout the last years, it has been re-qualified as a meaningful component of the language teaching process, when referring to a mother, a second or a foreign language. While speaking or writing allow the learner to make some choices about what linguistic content seems relevant, reading implies the full acceptance of the linguistic choices of the authors, and has to start exactly from their analysis and comprehension. Thus, textual choices become very relevant in the teaching process, and this remains true particularly for Italian, since its fame originates mainly from the literary context which it expresses. Recently, a great importance has indeed been given to textual simplification processes that very often help teachers in presenting texts to foreign as well as native students of Italian. By these premises, this paper aims to give a schematic overview of the most frequent criteria of choice and simplification of texts with a specific reference to Italian as a second language for foreign students who attend regularly Italian universities as well as for Erasmus students. The illustration of some practical ‘experiments’ is preceded and supported by a brief memorandum of some meaningful studies and researches about this specific topic.
Rilevare, osservare, consultare
Authors: Zanasi Lorenzo , Stopfner Maria
Published: May 2018

The following contribution presents the methodology of a longitudinal study on the development of communicative skills of secondary school students in their L1, L2 and L3 respectively. The research was undertaken in the Autonomous Province of Bolzano, a region characterised by official trilingualism (German, Italian, Ladin). The mentioned students’ linguistic repertoires are however more diverse, including English (L3) and other languages for some of the pupils. This contribution presents some of the tools applied for data collection in the following contexts: the assessment of language skills as well as ethnographic observation in the classroom, semi-structured interviews and questionnaires.
Mobilità degli studenti: quali competenze per garantirne la qualità?
Authors: Dlimi Samira , Giusti Simone
Published: May 2018

One of the aims of the Bologna Process was to challenge national borders in higher education. Morocco was one of the countries that joined this ambitious process by adopting the three-cycle degree structure (LMD) to lower barriers to student mobility. The purpose of this contribution is to investigate whether the students who are in the context of mobility are equipped with the necessary skills to live such experience. This research will present the first results of an exploratory study conducted on some Moroccan students in Italy and other students of different nationalities studying at Mohammed V University in Rabat. Some students when arriving in the host country are forced to manage, not only their new university life, but also their daily and social life. So how can they be helped in developing the necessary skills that promote integration? How can they be prepared and accompanied before, during and after their mobility?
Internazionalizzazione dell’internazionalità
Authors: Grassi Roberta
Published: May 2018

This work argues for the acknowledgement of the presence and peculiarities of ‘international’ students – particularly, Italy-educated minority language or ‘1.5 Generation’ students – in non-internationalised courses in Italian universities. The mixed integrative model of linguistic education policy applied at the University of Bergamo is presented and discussed in view of the data gathered through a survey on the sociolinguistic background and academic-related communicative needs of such students, alongside with a comparative survey of the results, in the ‘Academic Italian entry test’ at the University of Bergamo, of ‘native’ vs ‘foreign’ vs ‘Italy-educated immigrant’ students.
Valorizzare la diversità linguistica e culturale
Authors: Coppola Daria , Moretti Raffaella
Published: May 2018

Linguistic and cultural diversity has always been a fundamental value of the European Union. However, today, due to the current profound crisis, it is in danger of being perceived rather as an obstacle to cooperation. The aim of this paper is to take advantage of the diversity that characterises multiethnic classes, promoting plurilingualism and a dialogical approach to language learning-teaching and to intercultural communication. In a case study, the validity of plurilingualism and of cooperative methodologies, also in language testing, is confirmed by the results relating to the linguistic and intercultural competence of an experimental sample of middle school pupils.
Studiare l’apprendimento linguistico interculturale come pratica discorsiva e interazionale
Authors: Borghetti Claudia
Published: May 2018

This paper focuses on intercultural language learning and on the methods to study it. The discussion is divided into two parts. In the first theoretical part, intercultural language learning is defined as a linguistic and discursive practice, according to a non-essentialist approach. In the second methodological part, the paper overviews the limited number of studies which, coherently with a language-use-based definition of intercultural learning, have employed forms of linguistic analysis to detect traces of such learning in class interaction. Finally the analysis of one extract from a class-based student-student interaction is presented, in order to showcase how different forms of linguistic analysis can be adopted to investigate the discursive and interactional features of intercultural learning.
English-Taught Programs and Scaffolding in CLIL Settings: a Case Study
Authors: Carloni Giovanna
Published: May 2018

This study examines the effectiveness of scaffolding provided in a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) environment at the University of Urbino in Italy, as perceived by a group of students attending CLIL courses taught in English at the university. Data were gathered through an online post-course questionnaire that learners answered on a voluntary basis. Results show that, overall, students perceived the scaffolding that was provided as rather effective, although some shortcomings emerged.
Teaching Writing in EAP Contexts
Authors: Condrat Viorica
Published: May 2018

Academic writing is a particular type of scholarly interaction which signals the writer’s affiliation to a specific discourse community. Developing academic writing skills should become a priority for higher education. This paper describes a small-scale study which investigates the role of blogging in developing academic writing skills in undergraduate students. Blogging is viewed as a platform where the scholarly interaction between members of the same discourse community can take place. The paper is based on the survey data and observation during the experiment conducted at Alecu Russo Balti State University of Moldova. It reports on how EFL students reacted to the use of blogs for academic writing tasks. The findings suggest that students seem to have a positive attitude to blogging pointing out to such benefits as: enhanced self-efficacy, awareness of the writing process, development of reader awareness, increased responsibility for the quality of the writing. We argue that blogging can yield significant improvement in undergraduate students’ academic writing.
Supporting the Switch to Teaching International Classes in Tertiary Education
Authors: Costa Francesca , Murphy Amanda
Published: May 2018

The internationalisation process in European universities has increased since the Bologna declaration was signed in 1999, with many universities adopting English-Medium Instruction as a top-down strategy to improve the international profile of the institution. Against this background, a research and training centre in a university in the North of Italy has responded to requests from some academic staff for the enhancement of their preparation for teaching in English. The centre offers training modules on EMI teaching to international classes. Drawing on the data collected during the modules, and based on a questionnaire sent to 150 lecturers engaged in EMI in a variety of disciplines within the university, this paper reports on the attitudes of lecturers to teaching their subject in English and on adapting contents and teaching methods to international classes. The results reveal a variety of attitudes among lecturers and point to a need to change some teaching practices in relation to the syllabus as well as the type of assessment adopted. Moreover, there is a need to strike a balance between respecting cultural differences in international classes and connecting international students with the local culture.
İSTANBUL METROPOLİTEN ALANI’NDA 1980 SONRASI KENTSEL GELİŞME DİNAMİKLERİ VE İDARİ COĞRAFYADA SINIR DEĞİŞİKLİKLERİ
Authors: ERBAS Adem Erdem
Published: May 2018

1980’li
yıllardan bu yana İstanbul Metropoliten Alanı’ndaki mekânsal değişim; 1980,
1995, 2006 ve 2009 yıllarında onaylanan üst ölçekli mekânsal planlama
çalışmaları ile kontrol altına alınmaya çalışılmaktadır. Mekânsal planlama
çalışmaları bir yandan devam ederken, diğer yandan metropoliten alandaki idari
yönetim yapısında da önemli değişimler olmaktadır. 1984-2004 yılları arasında
3030 sayılı Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kanunu, 2004-2008 yılları arasında 5216
sayılı Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kanunu, 2008-2012 yılları arasında kabul edilen
5747 sayılı Büyükşehir Belediyesi Sınırları İçerisinde İlçe Kurulması Ve Bazı
Kanunlarda Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun ve 2012 yılı sonrasında 6360
sayılı On Dört İlde Büyükşehir Belediyesi Ve Yirmi Yedi İlçe Kurulması İle Bazı
Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Kanun, tüm
ülkede metropoliten kentlere ilişkin önemli değişimler yaratmıştır. İstanbul
Metropoliten Alanı’nda kentsel gelişmenin bir göstergesi olarak idari sınırlar
sürekli değişse de uluslararası sermayenin yönlendirmeleri ile kentsel
bölgedeki dinamikler daha çok etkili olmaktadır. Bu haliyle idari sınır
değişiklikleri, kentsel gelişmenin yönlen-diricisi olmaktan çok, mekânsal
değişimin yasallaşmasına olanak sağlayan bir fırsat olarak
değerlendirilmektedir. Sonuç olarak, İstanbul’u içinde bulunduğu bölge içinde
bir finans merkezi yapma yolundaki değişim hedefleri ile kentin bütüncül
planlama çalışmaları arasında doğrusal bir ilişki bulunmadığı, yasal mevzuat ve
planlama sürecindeki parçalanmışlığı destekleyecek şekilde idari sınır deği-şikliklerinin
yapıldığı, ülkedeki birincil metropol kentin salt kendi il sınırlarında değil,
içinde bulunduğu kentsel sistemin bir parçası olarak planlanması gerektiği,
idari sınırlara bağlı bir planlama anlayışından ziyade, stratejik planlama
bölgelerine dayalı idari sınırların geliştirilmesi gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır.
Notificação de violência: conhecimento de cirurgiões-dentistas que atuam na Região Carbonífera, SC
Authors: Fernandes Tamiris Bonfim , Rocha Mayara Pedroso , Losso Ana Regina Da Silva , Sonego Fernanda Guglielmi Faustini
Published: May 2018

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o conhecimento e conscientizar cirurgiões-dentistas sobre a notificação compulsória de violência interpessoal /autoprovocada. Tratou-se de um estudo quantitativo, do tipo transversal e de análise descritiva, desenvolvido nos doze municípios da Região Carbonífera, localizada no sul catarinense, com os cirurgiões-dentistas da rede pública. Da população de 134 cirurgiões-dentistas, 108 (80,6%) responderam ao questionário. Destes, 56 (52,8%) eram do sexo masculino; 61 (56,5%) estudaram em universidade pública; 27 (25%) estão formados há mais de 21 anos e 21 (19,6%) possuem especialização em Saúde Coletiva. Sobre o conhecimento dos profissionais acerca da ficha de notificação de violência, apenas 21,3% (n=23) relataram conhecê-la. Em relação aos tipos de violência, a física foi a mais citada pelos dentistas. No teste de Qui-quadrado de Pearson, observou-se significância estatística na associação do gênero feminino com possuir mais conhecimento sobre a ficha de notificação (p=0,036). Verificou-se que os profissionais desconhecem tanto a ficha de notificação quanto o banco de dados desse instrumento (p=<0,001), revelando, também, que a maioria nunca participou de atividade educativa sobre a temática (p=<0,001).  Conclui-se que os cirurgiões-dentistas que atuam na rede pública dos municípios da região carbonífera demostraram pouco conhecimento quanto aos tipos de violência, a notificação compulsória de violência e ao encaminhamento das vítimas, porém, eles demonstraram interesse em aprender sobre o tema, pois participaram ativamente da atividade educativa realizada posteriormente à coleta de dados.
An Overview of Multiple Sequence Alignment methods applied to transmembrane proteins
Authors: Autor Autor
Published: May 2018

An Overview of Multiple Sequence Alignmentmethods applied to transmembrane proteins
Efecto del vermicompost sobre el desarrollo de Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) en dos cultivares de Musa
Authors: Vásquez Carlos , Dávila Marta , Yépez Luis Carlos
Published: May 2018

Después de ser introducida en el Caribe, Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) ha representado una amenaza para la producción de musáceas, por lo que se requiere desarrollar estrategias para el manejo sustentable de las plagas. En este estudio se evaluó la variación poblacional de R. indica por efecto de la adición de 15 y 30 % de vermicompost en el sustrato de siembra de dos cultivares de Musa (Hartón y Manzano) bajo condiciones de umbráculo. Plantas de cada cultivar de entre 1 y 2 años de edad fueron sembradas en bolsas de polietileno conteniendo arena, mantillo y cascarilla de arroz (1:1:1) como sustrato. Una hoja por planta fue infestada artificialmente con 20 hembras y 10 machos de R. indica y fue evaluado el crecimiento poblacional cada semana. Adicionalmente se determinó el contenido de fenoles totales en hojas de cada cultivar. Aunque la densidad poblacional de R. indica fue menor en plantas tratadas con NPK, estas no mostraron diferencias significativas con vermicompost al 30 % en plantas de ‘Manzano’ o 15 % en ‘Hartón’. Las diferencias en el contenido de fenoles totales dentro de cada cultivar fueron detectadas debido al tratamiento de fertilización 96 h después de la infestación con ácaros. Los resultados sugieren que existen mecanismos de resistencia en las variedades de Musa, lo cual podría ser considerado al momento de establecer estrategias de manejo de la plaga en condiciones del trópico
Integrals of the motion and green functions for time-dependent mass harmonic oscillators
Authors: Pepore Surarit
Published: May 2018

The application of the integrals of the motion of a quantum system in deriving Green function or propagator is established. The Greenfunction is shown to be the eigenfunction of the integrals of the motion which described initial points of the system trajectory in the phasespace. The explicit expressions for the Green functions of the damped harmonic oscillator, the harmonic oscillator with strongly pulsatingmass, and the harmonic oscillator with mass growing with time are obtained in co-ordinate representations. The connection between theintegrals of the motion method and other method such as Feynman path integral and Schwinger method are also discussed.
Soliton operators in the quantum equivalence of the CP1 and O(3) - σmodels
Authors: Stephany J. , Vollmann M.
Published: May 2018

We discuss some interesting aspects of the well known quantum equivalence between the O(3) - σ and CP1 models in 3D, working inthe canonical and in the path integral formulations. We show first that the canonical quantization in the hamiltonian formulation is freeof ordering ambiguities for both models. We use the canonical map between the fields and momenta of the two models and compute therelevant functional determinant to verify the equivalence between the phase-space partition functions and the quantum equivalence in allthe topological sectors. We also use the explicit form of the map to construct the soliton operator of the O(3) - σ model starting from therepresentation of the operator in the CP1 model, and discuss their properties.
Numerical solutions of the Maung-Norbury-Kahana equation with the coulomb potential in momentum space
Authors: Chen Jiao-Kai
Published: May 2018

In this paper, the numerical solutions of the Maung-Norbury-Kahana equation which has the complicated form of the eigenvalues are presented. Taken as examples, the bound states $e^+e^-$, $\mu^+\mu^-$ and $\mu^+e^-$ are discussed by employing the Maung-Norbury-Kahana equation with the Coulomb potential.
Diffusion microrheology of ferrofluids
Authors: Peredo-Ortíz R. , Hernández-Contreras M.
Published: May 2018

We provide a statistical mechanics approach to study the linear microrheology of thermally equilibrated and homogeneous ferrofluids. Theexpressions for the elastic and loss moduli depend on the bulk microstructure of the magnetic fluid determined by the structure factor of thesuspension of magnetic particles. The comparison of the predicted microrheology with computer simulations confirms that as a function ofrelaxation frequency of thermal fluctuations of the particle concentration both theory and simulations have the same trends. At very shortfrequencies the viscous modulus relates to the translational and rotational self-diffusion coefficients of a ferro-particle.
Development and Comparison of Quantitative Phase Analysis for Duplex Stainless Steel Weld
Authors: Varbai Balázs , Pickle Timothy , Májlinger Kornél
Published: May 2018

In duplex stainless steels the ideally 1:1 ratio of austenite-to-ferrite phases ensures the outstanding mechanical and corrosion properties compared to other, conventional stainless steel grades. However, this phase balance can be easily shifted to a mostly austenitic or mostly ferritic microstructures, depending on the welding process and heat input. In order to determine the phase ratio, several methods are available to use, such as Feritscope measurements, ASTM E562 manual point count method (on metallographic images) or quantitative image analysis. From these methods, Feritscope measurements cannot be applied to determine phase quantification in the narrow heat affected zone of duplex stainless steel welds – because of the very limited heat input. The manual point count method is very dependent of the assessor and cannot be automated. In this paper a histogram-based image analyzing process was developed, using Beraha's etchant solution. The results were compared to Feritscope measurements and a very good correlation (R2 = 0.9995) was found. This method will give the ability to easily and automatically measure phase ratio in weld metal, heat affected zone or in subsurface regions of multi-pass welds.
Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization
Authors: Asad HB , Aziz Z , Akhter S
Published: May 2018

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Med Biochem 2017; 10(1): 3-4
Serum Ferritin and Plasma Fibrinogen Level in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Mandal SK , Majumder M , Hossain MS , Sarker M
Published: May 2018

Acute ischemic stroke is the primary pathology of brain vascular system that temporarily or permanently affects brain functions as a result of ischemia. In ischemic stroke events, many biochemical and immunological reactions occur secondarily in response to the reduced cerebral blood flow. Brain tissue damage after acute ischemic stroke is mediated partly by inflammation induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury. It is thought that acute ischemic stroke due to cerebral ischemia triggers acute phase reaction and the blood concentration of ferritin and fibrinogen could rise during brain infarction. This study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College during the period of July 2015 to June 2016 to evaluate the status of ferritin and fibrinogen in acute ischemic stroke patients. For this study serum ferritin and plasma fibrinogen level were assessed in 50 acute ischemic stroke patients and 50 normal individuals. Data were analyzed with the help of SPSS version 19.0. Unpaired Student's 't' test and Mann-Whitney U test were done to see the level of significance. Findings of the study revealed that serum ferritin and plasma fibrinogen levels were 83.1 ng/ml and 190.6 mg/dl in subjects with acute ischemic stroke, while in control subjects these were 41.3 ng/ml and 177.0 mg/dl respectively. Study showed that serum ferritin and plasma fibrinogen levels were significantly higher in patients with ischemic acute stroke compared to that of normal controls (p<0.001). It may be concluded that serum ferritin and plasma fibrinogen levels are significantly increased in acute ischemic stroke.Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2017; 10(1): 16-20
Evaluation of LDH and Gamma Interferon as Biochemical Markers for Diagnosis of Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Baul SK , Hossain SMR , Parvin D , Hadiuzzaman M , Islam MS , Fatema K
Published: May 2018

Tuberculosis is a common disease throughout the world, especially in developing countries. The most common form of the disease is pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is also a growing problem worldwide. The diagnosis of PTB and EPTB is even harder when smears and cultures are negative. Due to its nature, the diversity of clinical pictures, the diagnosis of EPTB is often difficult and late. Advances in rapid diagnostic techniques are urgently required both for the early management of the new cases of TB and for the individuals already infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and are at risk of developing disease. In addition to standard TB diagnostic techniques, use of new biochemical surrogate markers like LDH and gamma interferon are new suggested. This study was undertaken to evaluate the diagnostic value and accuracy of serum LDH and gamma interferon for the diagnosis of PTB and EPTB. This crosssectional study was carried out in the Department of Pathology and Microbiology, NIDCH, Dhaka and by convenient and purposive sampling, 131 patients (male 98, female 33) having age range of 20-90 years were enrolled for the study. Serum LDH and QuantiFERON-TB gold (QFT-G i.e. gamma interferon) were estimated and the result was compared with the culture and histopathology results. Performance tests were done. Prevalence was measured at 95% CI. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Of 131 patients 89 (67.9%) had pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and the rest 42 (32.1%) had extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). Level of LDH and gamma interferon in serum of all patients was found significantly high. TB pleural effusion was detected in 64% cases. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, negative predictive values and accuracy of LDH and gamma interferon wre calculated both in PTB and EPTB. For LDH it was (SEN 89.22%, SPE 85.66%, PPV 88.82%, NPV 86.11%) and for gamma interferon (SEN 93.01%, SPE 91.64%, PPV 93.73%, NPV 91.18%) in PTB; and for LDH (SEN 89.27%, SPE 87.18%, PPV 84.35%, NPV 90.36%) and for gamma interferon (SEN 94.88%, SPE 93.65%, PPV 90.04%, NPV 95.82%) in EPTB respectively. When calculated in combination, the sensitivity and specificity was 100% and 50% respectively in both PTB and EPTB, and positive and negative predictive values of LDH and gamma interferon in combination were 94.00% and 91.58% in PTB and 90.43% and 96.71% in EPTB respectively. The study concludes that the diagnostic accuracy of LDH and gamma interferon is low when single test is done but it is significantly high when done in combination.Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2017; 10(2): 69-74
Reverse retirement — a mixed methods study of returning to work in England, Italy and the United States: propensities, predictors and preferences
Authors: Smeaton Deborah , Di Rosa Mirko , Principi Andrea , Butler Zoe
Published: May 2018

Using methodological triangulation the study examines reverse retirement in Italy, the United States and England to explore the salience of cultural and structural factors and to consider the extent to which returning to work is a constrained choice. Analysis of harmonised panel data (HRS, ELSA and SHARE) indicates that reverse retirement is most common in the United States and extremely rare in Italy. In the liberal economies of the United States and England, financial factors are key determinants, including retirement income, having more children, children under 30 and mortgage debt. However, a certain degree of advantage is a prerequisite for returning to work, including higher education, good health, younger age, and free from caring responsibilities – opportunity structures and capacity to work therefore remain barriers for some older groups. Despite international convergence in the policy landscape, “retirement” continues to hold different meanings in the three distinct national contexts with implications for later life working.
Fault-Tolerant Control Strategy of a Wind Energy Conversion System Considering Multiple Fault Reconstruction
Authors: Wang Xu , Shen Yanxia
Published: May 2018

A robust sliding mode observer (SMO) is proposed to achieve multiple fault reconstruction for a wind energy conversion system (WECS) with simultaneous actuator and sensor faults. Firstly, the state equation of the WECS is established. The orthogonal transformation matrix and a post filter are introduced, and a new augmented system is constructed; then, the sensor fault is converted into an actuator fault to diagnose. The fault information is collected by the equivalent output control, and the simultaneous reconstruction algorithm of the sensor fault and the actuator fault is given. Through compensation control, the reliable control input of the WECS is guaranteed, and the function of active fault tolerant control for multiple faults is achieved. Simulation experiments show that the proposed method can accurately reconstruct the actuator and sensor faults, and maximum wind energy capture can be achieved by active fault-tolerant control.
Numerical Analysis of Q-Switched Erbium Ion Doped Fluoride Glass Fiber Laser Operation Including Spontaneous Emission
Authors: Sujecki Sławomir
Published: May 2018

Partial differential equations are solved to perform a spatiotemporal analysis of Q-switched operation of a fluoride fiber laser doped with erbium ions. A method of lines is applied in order to reduce the partial differential equations to a set of ordinary differential equations. The latter set is then solved using an algorithm designed for a solution of stiff equation problems. A spontaneous emission term is added to equations that model the dynamics of the photon population within the laser cavity for the infrared signal wave. The results show that, without an inclusion of the spontaneous emission term, the correct behavior of the photon population and energy level populations cannot be reproduced.
Microclimate Variation and Estimated Heat Stress of Runners in the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Marathon
Authors: Kosaka Eichi , Iida Akiko , Vanos Jennifer , Middel Ariane , Yokohari Makoto , Brown Robert
Published: May 2018

The Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games will be held in July and August. As these are the hottest months in Tokyo, the risk of heat stress to athletes and spectators in outdoor sporting events is a serious concern. This study focuses on the marathon races, which are held outside for a prolonged time, and evaluates the potential heat stress of marathon runners using the COMFA (COMfort FormulA) Human Heat Balance (HBB) Model. The study applies a four-step procedure: (a) measure the thermal environment along the marathon course; (b) estimate heat stress on runners by applying COMFA; (c) identify locations where runners may be exposed to extreme heat stress; and (d) discuss measures to mitigate the heat stress on runners. On clear sunny days, the entire course is rated as ‘dangerous’ or ‘extremely dangerous’, and within the latter half of the course, there is a 10-km portion where values continuously exceed the extremely dangerous level. Findings illustrate which stretches have the highest need for mitigation measures, such as starting the race one hour earlier, allowing runners to run in the shade of buildings or making use of urban greenery including expanding the tree canopy.
Effects of Propagation of Narrow Bipolar Pulses, Generated by Compact Cloud Discharges, over Finitely Conducting Ground
Authors: Cooray Vernon , Fernando M. , Gunasekara L. , Nanayakkara S.
Published: May 2018

Propagation effects on the narrow bipolar pulses (NBPs) or the radiation fields generated by compact cloud discharges as they propagate over finitely conducting ground are presented. The results were obtained using a sample of NBPs recorded with high time resolution from close thunderstorms in Sri Lanka. The results show that the peak amplitude and the temporal features such as the full width at half maximum (FWHM), zero-crossing time, and the time derivative of NBPs can be significantly distorted by propagation effects. For this reason, the study of peak amplitudes and temporal features of NBPs and the remote sensing of current parameters of compact cloud discharges should be conducted using NBPs recorded under conditions where the propagation effects are minimal.
Consistency of Continuous Ambulatory Interstitial Glucose Monitoring Sensors
Authors: Wu Pei T. , Segovia David E. , Lee Cathy C. , Nguyen Kim-Lien
Published: May 2018

Aims: The abdominal region is the most common location for continuous glucose monitor (CGM) sensor insertion. However, a paucity of post-marketing data is available to demonstrate intra-individual consistency of CGM readings at different abdominal insertion sites. Methods: Healthy adults (fasting glucose (FG) < 5.5 mmol/L; BMI < 30 kg/m2) were recruited and a CGM sensor was placed on each side of the abdomen. Postprandial and continuous 48-h interstitial glucose levels were analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference in the 3-h postprandial glucose (PPG) level derived from the left versus right CGM, which remained non-significant after adjusting for waist circumference or FG. Among the glucose levels recorded over 48-h, values on the left site were greater in 3.6% of the data points (p < 0.05). After adjusting for waist circumference, only 0.5% of the glucose values remained significantly greater on the left (p < 0.05). When adjusted for FG, similar results were observed. For both PPG and 48-h readings, the mean absolute relative difference was not significant between the two abdominal sites. Conclusions: CGM-derived glucose measures were highly consistent between the left and right abdomen during both the postprandial and post-absorptive periods.