bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reproductive physiology and sexual compatibility of the Spanish olive variety ‘Arbequina’ cultivated in Montenegro
Authors: Lazovic Biljana , Adakalic Mirjana , Markovic Milan
Published: April 2022

Aim of study: One of the newly introduced olive varieties in Montenegro is the Spanish olive (Olea europaea L.) variety ‘Arbequina’. The aim of this work was to study the changes in the reproductive physiology of the cultivar 'Arbequina' in conditions of Montenegro.
Area of study: Comparative experimental plots were established in two areas in Montenegro, the coastal region of Ulcinj and the inland region of Podgorica.
Material and methods: The research was conducted at four experimental sites (UL1 and UL2 in Ulcinj; PG1 and PG2, in Podgorica) over four years. Flowering phenophases, inflorescence characteristics, and inflorescence architecture were assessed. Pollination trials consisted of open-pollination, self-pollination, and cross-pollination of ‘Arbequina’ with several olive varieties, resulting in an assessment of fruit set.
Main results: A high level of fruit set (6.75%) in ‘Arbequina’ in open-pollination was recorded in the multi-varietal orchard (PG2). A much lower fruit set was found in the mono-varietal hedgerow orchards (0.75% in PG1 and 0.33% in UL2). The fruit set was very low in the mono-varietal orchards in self-pollination trials, ranging from 0.01% (PG1) to 0.06% (UL1).
Research highlights: These results confirm that ‘Arbequina’ is a self-incompatible variety, which is crucial both for farmers in establishing new plantations and for scientists in future research. Some of the 11 olive varieties cross-pollinated with the ‘Arbequina’ variety displayed pollinating potential, which needs to be proven with paternity tests. Despite the differences between experimental sites and areas, ‘Arbequina’ exhibited high reproductive potential, confirmed by many perfect flowers.
Further analysis on the thermal response of the upper Bay of Bengal to the forcing of pre-monsoon cyclonic storm and summer monsoonal onset during MONEX-79
Authors: RAO R.R
Published: April 2022

The thermal response of The upper oceanic waters at the stationary position l' 5° N & 87, 5° E off  Sri Lanka in the Bay of Bengal  to the forcings of a severe pre-monsoon cyclonic storm and of monsoonal onset is documented with the aid of the data sets collected during MONEX-79. It is found that the cyclonic storm had a stronger Influence compared to that of weak monsoonal onset. Below mixed layer, the importance of vertical advective processes in redistributing the heat is highlighted. The presence of a thermal inversion in the surface layers on the storm day is attributed to the descent of warmer surface waters In response to the Ekman convergence caused by the storm winds. Fourier analysis of temperature of energy from semi-diurnal tide to short period internal waves from the storm day (5 May) to a post-storm day (14 May).
Extension of the Thar desert -A myth or reality ? : Part I- Analysis of rainfall
Authors: CHOWDHURY A , ROHAM SG , QAIKWAD SD
Published: April 2022

In view of recent contradictory statements about the extension of the Thar desert this problem has been examined from meteorological point of view. For this purpose meteorological elements for stations located within-30 and 50cm annual isohyets have been subjected to vigorous statistical tests. Eighty years data  (1901-1980) have been used in the analysis. In this part, besides rainfall, the march of the desert has also been studied from climatic water balance.

The study reveals that the rainfall in the buffer zone between 30 and 50 cm Isohyets in not experiencing any systematic decreasing trend. Study of climatic water balance also: does not support the. View of any  climatic shifts, taking place, around the Thar desert. Thus, from the rainfall and the water balance considerations, It can be safely said that the so called onward march of the Thar desert is not a reality.
BRICS-T ÜLKELERİNDE ENFLASYONUN GENÇ KADIN İŞSİZLİĞİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ (2000-2019)
Authors: ÖZEN Kerem , LEVENT Cemalettin
Published: April 2022

İktisat literatüründe önemli makroekonomik sorunlarından birinin de işsizlik olduğu bilinmektedir. Üretim sürecindeki aktifliğiyle yapacağı katkılar düşünüldüğünde genç nüfusun işsizlik konusunda odaklanması gereken temel bir konu olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu nedenle literatürde çok sayıda bu konu ile ilgili çalışmaya rastlanmaktadır. Ancak konusu ülke grupları açısından karşılaştırmalı olarak yapılan çalışmalar oldukça az olduğu görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada BRICS-T (Brezilya, Rusya, Hindistan, Çin, Güney Afrika, Türkiye) ülkelerinde enflasyonun genç kadın işsizliği üzerindeki etkileri incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada 2000-2019 yılları arası verileri kullanılarak gerekli olan veriler OECD STAT’ tan temin edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda elde edilen verilere göre enflasyondan genç kadın işsizliğine %1 düzeyinde istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir nedensellik ilişkisi bulgusuna rastlanılmasına rağmen genç kadın işsizliğinden enflasyon değişkenine doğru herhangi bir nedensellik bulgusuna rastlanılamamıştır. Bu bağlamda enflasyon ile genç kadın işsizliği değişkenleri arasında tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisinin olduğu söylenebilir.
Are Autocracies Bad for the Environment? Global Evidence from Two Centuries of Data
Authors: Sinha Apra , Sedai Ashish Kumar , Kumar Abhishek , Nepal Rabindra
Published: April 2022

Reducing carbon dioxide emissions is crucial for reducing the danger posed by climate change. There are factors for and against democracies in achieving these desired reductions. Using data from 150 countries, we estimate the marginal emission intensity (i.e., the change in per-capita carbon dioxide emissions for a unit change in per-capita income) across autocracies and democracies. We use regional waves of democratization and mean per-capita income of other countries in the region as instruments for democracy and per-capita income, respectively. Using these instruments, we obtain the causal estimate of the difference in marginal emission intensity and confirm that democracies have lower per-capita carbon dioxide emissions per unit increase in per-capita income compared to autocracies. Our results suggest that these benefits of democracies have occurred in recent decades, following the surge in public concerns about climate change and intergovernmental initiatives to reduce emissions. There is also evidence to suggest that strengthening rule enforcement and improving access to justice can be critical in decreasing carbon dioxide emissions.
SEILAPLAN
Authors: Bont Leo Gallus , Moll Patricia Edith , Ramstein Laura , Frutig Fritz , Heinimann Hans Rudolf , Schweier Janine
Published: April 2022

Cable-based technologies have been the backbone of forest management and harvesting on steep slopes for decades. The design of a cable road is a complex task. It essentially comprises the identification of the start and end points of a cable road, as well as the intermediate supports. With the aim of simplifying this design process, we developed a semi-automated cable road design tool (QGIS plugin SEILAPLAN) that is easy and intuitive to use. SEILAPLAN is based on mechanical assumptions for the structural analysis that are »close-to-reality«, contains an algorithm that checks all possible intermediate support combinations and automatically identifies the optimal solution, and integrates tools and geodata within a GIS application. We present its main components and present an example of application. The integration into a GIS program, the implemented cable mechanics, and the associated information for the construction of a cable road were highly appreciated by the users.
E-Commerce in India- A New Perspective
Authors: Pankaj Gupta  , Ankur Sharma
Published: April 2022

As an advancement in technologies based on Web and Internet, the differences between traditional marketplaces and the world’s e-commerce market—such as corporate capital size, are becoming meaningless. The strategic positioning or a company's ability to identify emerging opportunities and apply the required human skills (such as intellectual resources) to grab them through an e-business strategy that is simple, workable, and practical in today’s business environment and global information scenario and contribute to a new economic environment. E-commerce, when combined with the appropriate strategy and policy approach, allows small and medium-sized firms to compete with large and capital-rich corporations by levelling the playing field.

On a different level, emerging countries are allowed wider reach to world’s economy, where they can fight competition with more established economies. Almost all developing countries, if not all, are already involved in electronic commerce, either as manufacturers/sellers or purchasers/customers. However, these countries are having comparatively poor information infrastructure which must be strengthened in order to support e-commerce growth.

The following are some of the policy areas where action is needed:

Limited credit card availability and a common nationwide credit card system;

High cost of Internet access which includes service fees, communication fees, and hosting charges;

Poor transportation infrastructure leads to slow and uncertain delivery System;

Lack of advance technologies (i.e., an insufficient professional IT workforce) and poor skilled human resources and;

Content restrictions based on some public policy and national security, which have a significant impact on businesses in the information services sector, such as the entertainment industries and media;

Network security issues and insufficient security safeguards.

In this research paper we will try to find out the current scenario of electronic-commerce in India and also look upon the opportunities and challenges in e-commerce in India.
THE ROLE OF NEUTROPHIL TO LYMPHOCYTE RATIO AND PLATELET TO LYMPHOCYTE RATION IN DIAGNOSIS OF SUBACUTE THYROIDITIS
Authors: TURA BAHADIR Çiğdem , YILMAZ Merve , KILIÇ KAN Elif
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Patients with subacute thyroiditis (SAT) usually apply to clinics with thyrotoxicosis and neck pain. Hemogram is frequently applied tests in primary health care services, and it can warn physicians for SAT in a thyrotoxic patient. In our study, the role and usability of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in the diagnosis of SAT were evaluated.

Material and Methods: Between January 2015 and January 2020, 192 SAT patients who applied to endocrinology clinics and 85 healthy control were included in the study. Neutrophil (Neu), lymphocyte (Lym), platelet (PLT) leves were recorded.

Results: The median NLR and PLR values of SAT patients before treatment were 2.78 (0.91-11.33) and 168.3 (25.7-818.3), respectively, and were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.001). The optimum cut-off values for NLR and PLR for SAT were 1.84 (specificity 85.9% and sensitivity 90.1%; p<0.001; AUC=0.934; 95% CI: 0.905-0.964 ) and 140.2 (specificity 83.5% and sensitivity 77.1%, p<0.001, AUC=0.821 95% CI: 0.767-0.874), respectively. Pretreatment NLR, PLR, CRP, and ESR levels were significantly higher than the posttreatment levels (all p<0.001). Correlation analysis revealed positive linear relations between pretreatment PLR and CRP (p=0.002, r=0.220), pretreatment PLR and ESR (p=0.018, r=0.171), pretreatment NLR and CRP (p<0.001, r=0.330), and pretreatment NLR and ESR (p=0.001, r=0.242). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a 0.008 unit of increment of NLR per 1 unit increase in CRP levels (B=0.008; p<0.001; %95 CI=0.004-0.012).

Conclusion: High NLR and PLR values accompanying thyrotoxicosis are both warning and helpful parameters for the diagnosis of SAT.
Effect of Work Environment and Workload on Employee Performance
Authors: Muslih Muslih , Anshari Damanik Farhan
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this research is to determine and analyze the effect of the work environment and workload on performance at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV (Persero) Medan either partially or simultaneously.The approach used in this study is an associative approach. The population in this study were all employees PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV (Persero) Medan. The sample in this study using the slovin formula totaling 81 employees atPT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV (Persero) Medan. Data collection techniques in this study used interview techniques, documentation studies, observation, and questionnaires. The data analysis technique in this study uses Multiple Linear Regression Analysis Test, Hypothesis Testing (t Test and F Test), and Coefficient of Determination. The data processing in this study used the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software program version 24.00. The results of this study prove that partially and simultaneouslywork environment and workload have a significant effect on employee performance at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV (Persero) Medan.
Work Discipline and Work Motivation on Employee Performance
Authors: Nasution Muhammad Irfan , Priangkatara Nirwana
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine partially and simultaneously the effect of work discipline and work motivation on employee performance at office Kantor Badan Pengelolaan Keuangan dan Aset Daerah Kabupaten Langkat. The population used in this study amounted to 50 employees. While the sample taken is 50 employees, the sampling technique used is total sampling. This study uses a type of quantitative research. The research results indicate that work discipline has a significant influence on employee performance. Work motivation has a significant effect on employee performance compliance. Then together, work discipline and work motivation have a moderate influence on employee performance
Google Classroom Learning Media Acceptance and Use Analysis Using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
Authors: Santi Indyah Hartami
Published: April 2022

Google Classroom learning media in distance learning classes becomes a medium worth considering. The purpose of this study was to find out the level of admission of students in using google classroom learning media. The approach method is carried out by quantitative method by spreading the questionnaire to students and the results of this data collection are calculated using SPSS. The analysis model used is the Technology Acceptance Model. From calculations and analysis obtained the result that the relationship between ease of use of intentions and interface design relationship to usability is rejected. While the result of the relationship of usability to intention, the relationship between intention with the use of technology, the relationship between interface design with ease, the relationship of experience to ease and the relationship of ease to usefulness received
EFFECT OF TAPERED ROLLER BEARINGS PRELOAD ON BEARING SYSTEM DURABILITY
Authors: Kaczor Jarosław
Published: April 2022

Tapered roller bearings are usually used in situations in which high bearing stiffness is required. However, a
significant increase in stiffness can only be achieved by introducing initial tension (mounting clamp) to the
angular contact bearings arrangement. Just like in case of angular contact ball bearings and tapered roller
bearings, the preload is an axial displacement of one bearing relative to the other, measured from the neutral
state and causing an increase in the internal forces in the bearings. Positive preload causes contact pressures
of the rolling parts to appear even when no external force acts.
The purpose of this work is to present the influence of the initial tension of a tapered roller bearings system on
life of these bearings.
CALCULATIONS OF TILTING-PAD THRUST BEARINGS
Authors: Murdzia Edward , Strzelecki Stanisław
Published: April 2022

The application of thrust bearings in different engineering designs generates problems of thermal state, which generates the wear of the fixed or tilting pads of bearings. These problems can be avoided by means of proper methods and numerical algorithms of calculations of the bearing static characteristics, including the maximum oil film temperature. The knowledge of thermal state of bearings should assure safe, reliable, and durable bearing operation and is important for the designers of thrust bearings. This paper presents the results of calculations of some static characteristics of a tilting-pad thrust bearing, including its maximum oil film temperature. Numerical solution by means of finite differences was applied for the solution of geometry, Reynolds, energy, and viscosity equations. Adiabatic oil film laminar flow in the bearing gap was considered. The developed code of the computation of bearing performances creates a tool that leads to the solution of thermal problems. Different values of operating speeds were assumed.
Determinants of Social and Environmental Accounting Information Disclosure: An Analysis of Top 50 Firms in New Zealand
Authors: Chand Akash , Kumar Nikeel , Kumar Ronald Ravinesh , Prasad Selvin , Patel Arvind , Stauvermann Peter Josef
Published: April 2022

In this study, we examine the determinants of voluntary disclosures of Social and Environmental Accounting (SEA) among the top 50 firms in New Zealand over the period of 2011 to 2017. The study is an extension of Hackston and Milne’s (1996), however distinct in various ways; we use a relatively larger dataset spanning over seven years, we look at both qualitative and quantitative SEA information, and we include some additional industry and corporate governance variables that provides insightful results. The study is timely in that New Zealand is the first country to implement mandatory climate risk reporting according the New Zealand Minister for Climate Change, Mr. James Shaw (Climate Disclosure Standards Board, 2020), which is a significant step towards supporting SEA disclosure. Whilst realizing that it is optional for firms to be engaged in SEA disclosures, we come up with a more appropriate research design to examine both qualitative- and quantitative-types of SEA disclosure using probit and logit regressions. To contribute to this area of SEA, we extend our analysis to show the impact of industry-type, board size and board composition.  The regression results show that profitability is positively associated with quantitative-type disclosure, and size is positively associated with both quantitative- and qualitative -type disclosures. The big four auditors are indifferent to the types of SEA disclosure; and board size is negatively associated with qualitative-type disclosure, and positively associated with quantitative-type disclosure. At sectoral level, building sector is positively associated only with the qualitative-type, whereas energy, retail and service sectors have positive associations in general. Interestingly, we note that female (male) directors have positive (negative) association with both type of disclosures. This study contributes to the SEA literature by categorizing and looking at both qualitative and quantitative SEA disclosures, looking at the type of industry preferring SEA disclosures, and extending the analyses to include corporate governance variables. In addition, the study presents some important factors that can influence the publication of both quantitative and qualitative SEA information for the interest of researchers, practitioners and regulators working in this domain in order to improve the overall SEA disclosure for firms. Finally, this paper shows the importance of gender balancing on boards in order to be engaged in voluntary disclosures such as SEA.
Financial Efficiency of Unicorns: Regional and Sector Related Aspects
Authors: Kartanaitė Inga , Krušinskas Rytis
Published: April 2022

The curiosity of how startups become unicorns is increasing. Only one-fifth of unicorns operating in the world trade their shares publicly. Financial data from the balance sheets and profit (loss) statements of 97 unicorns, which had IPOs between 2009-2018, was collected with the aim to analyse what specific characteristics of financial ratios over a particular IPO related period can be identified for unicorns operating in different regions and sectors. ANOVA was used to analyse the financial efficiency from different perspectives: (I) the financial profile of a unicorn, (II) the financial efficiency of a unicorn based on the business sector (Software; Products and Services; Technology; Internet and Healthcare sectors), and (III) the financial efficiency of a unicorn based on the region of origin (US+, Europe and Asia). Research showed that unicorns are mostly financed by investors, but remain unprofitable. Positive profitability was found in Europe, and the highest liquidity - in Healthcare sector.
Molecular Characterization of Galactosemia: Identification of Six Novel GALT Gene Mutations
Authors: Moody Mehrnoosh , Hosseini Mojgan , Deezagi Abdolkhalegh , Yaghmaei Parichehreh , Houshmand Massoud
Published: April 2022

Background: Classic galactosemia (CG) is an inborn error of galactose metabolism caused by a deficiency of the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT). This enzyme causes the conversion of uridine diphosphate- glucose (UDP)-glucose and galactose-1-phosphate (Gal-1-P) to glucose-1-phosphate and UDP-galactose. The absence of this enzyme results in the accumulation of the metabolites galactitol and Gal-1-P. The CG is heterogeneous at clinical and molecular levels. Objectives: This study provides some data for the investigation of the introduction of new mutations of the GALT gene that involved the cause of galactosemia in the Iranian population. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 31 newborns diagnosed with galactosemia were investigated for the mutations of the GALT gene in Tehran province, Iran, from March 2014 to December 2019. The polymerase chain reaction sequencing method was used to analyze the GALT gene. Results: The sequence results showed 11 pathogenic mutations on the GALT gene, including five mutations in exon 10, two mutations in exon 9, two mutations in exon 5, one mutation in exon 6, and one mutation in exon 7. Moreover, six new mutations of the GALT gene were identified in the Iranian population, namely c.442C>T (R148W), c.881T>A (F294Y), c.997C>T (R333W), c.940A>G (N314D), c.1030C>A (Q344K), and c.1018G>A (E340K). Other mutations identified in this study were c.563A>G (Q188R), c.855G>T (K285N), c.626A>C (Y209S), c.404C>T (S135L), and c.958G>A (A320T). The most common mutations in this study were p.Q188R (51.6%), K285N (9.67%), E340K (9.67%), and R148W (6.45%). Conclusions: This study identified 11 different pathogenic mutations of the GALT gene in the Iranian population with galactosemia. The identification of the mutations involved in the development of CG in the Iranian population can play an important role in early diagnosis and intervention. The GALT gene mutations identified in this study can be used as screening markers to identify Iranian children with CG.
Comparison of Serum Immunoglobulin Levels and Lymphocyte Counts in Children with Lymphadenitis Following BCG Vaccination
Authors: Barati Leila , Kalantari Arash , Sheikh Jalaladdin , Tabatabaee Fateme-Sadat , Kompani Farshid , Najafinejad Maryam , Sohrabi Ahmad , Cheraghali Fatemeh
Published: April 2022

Background: Lymphadenitis is the most common complication following BCG vaccination observed in 0.1% to 1% of children. Objectives: The presence of immunodeficiency can increase the probability of lymphadenitis or contribute to its exacerbation, so the early detection of immunodeficiency in those developing lymphadenitis can help prevent its many catastrophic complications. Methods: This study was performed on patients referred to Taleghani Hospital of Gorgan city in 1396. Forty children with lymphadenitis and 40 healthy children entered the study. Serum samples were taken to measure white blood cell counts and the antibodies, including IgE, IgG, IgM, and IgA. Purified protein derivative (PPD) test was done in both groups. Results: In this study, there were 40 patients with lymphadenitis, of whom 24 were boys (60%), and 16 were girls (40%), and in the control group were 22 boys (55%) and 18 girls (45%). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Lymphadenitis was ipsilateral to the vaccine injection site in all 40 cases, and it was in the anterior axillary region in 82%. Abscess at the lymphadenitis site occurred in 25% of cases. The mean size of induration following PPD in the lymphadenitis group was larger than the control group (5.86 mm and 3.04 mm, respectively) (P = 0.004). There were five patients (12.5%) under one year of age with lymphopenia (lymphocyte count 3,000 >), but no lymphopenia was observed in the control group. The mean average IgA and IgM levels were different between the case and control groups (P = 0.001), (P = 0.016), respectively. There was no statistical difference in IgG and IgE levels between both groups (P = 0.92 and P = 0.762, respectively). Conclusions: This study shows that the size of indurations following PPD injection is higher in those with post-vaccination lymphadenitis. Although the probability of a primary immunodeficiency disorder in the cases of our study was low considering the normal immunoglobulin levels and CBC report, further studies with a larger sample size and more specific investigations, such as flow cytometry and specific antibody response, are needed.
Glutamine Supplementation Reduced Fasting Levels of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in Hospitalized Children with Acute Respiratory Infection: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Alipanah-Moghadam Reza , Barak Manuchehr , Mohammadi Reza , Nemati Ali , Aghamohammadi Vahideh , Mohajeri Mahsa , Mohammadi Elahe
Published: April 2022

Background: Glutamine (Gln), as a precursor of glutathione and attenuation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, has a vital role in the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory defense of the body. Oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines increase in respiratory diseases. Objectives: We sought to investigate the effect of Gln supplementation on serum levels of some inflammatory and oxidative stress indices in hospitalized children with ARI. Methods: We conducted a 5-day parallel-group, randomized controlled trial. This clinical trial was held for 5 days to assess the efficacy of the 0.5 g/kg body weight Gln, along with medical therapy, in hospitalized children with ARI. Results: The difference in the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) between the Gln and placebo groups was significant after the intervention (analyzed by analysis of covariance [ANCOVA] after adjusting for the duration of cough and biochemical baseline values, 10.67 [7.77] vs 14.04 [6.57], respectively; P = 0.005). Moreover, at the end of the trial, there was no significant difference regarding the duration of hospitalization between the Gln and placebo groups (3.25 [1.37] vs 3.35 [0.8], respectively; P = 0.70). Conclusions: The effect of Gln supplementation on the reduction of hs-CRP in children with ARI was demonstrated in this study. Further research is needed to determine the exact effect of Gln on inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in children with ARI.
“[S]tupor non meno”: What Virgil Saw
Authors: Davis Kathryn E. ,   Marquette University Press
Published: April 2022

Dante’s Virgil is, according to Virgil, among the most hopeless souls in the Commedia. As he tells us himself, he and the other virtuous pagans in Limbo who lack baptism yet have not sinned live “sanza speme . . . in disio” (“without hope . . . in longing”). Virgil believes himself to be eternally damned, and he seems to have convinced everyone from Dante the pilgrim to Cato to Statius to almost all readers of Dante’s poem that he is right. This essay, however, will challenge the assumption that we must take Virgil’s hopeless self-assessment for granted as ultimate truth by exploring other possibilities which are opened up by Virgil’s disappearance in its immediate context. In Purgatorio 29, just before he makes his exit, Virgil stands face-to-face a scene of his own making remade on the banks of Lethe. When Virgil looks across this mystical river now flowing through Dante’s Eden, what does he see? And what might be the implications of his vision?
Theater as Vision in A Midsummer Night’s Dream
Authors: Mead Stephen ,   Marquette University Press
Published: April 2022

By his transformation and suggestive associations of the Christian and Pagan sources and influences in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Shakespeare both revivifies the social message of Paul’s epistle to the Corinthians for his own age and creates a transformative theatre that closely aligns the “magic” of theatrical performance with the spiritual tenets of Christian salvation and community.
Taxonomic status of genera of Buccininae (Neogastropoda, Buccinidae) updated based on molecular data with description of new species and corrections of nomenclature of Buccinum
Authors: Kantor Yuri , Sirenko Boris , Zvonareva Sofya S. , Fedosov Alexander
Published: April 2022

The status of five genera recognized within subfamily Buccininae (Buccinidae) is critically re-assessed based on the molecular phylogenetic analysis of the cox-1, 16S, and 28S gene fragments. Our results suggest restoring Volutharpa P. Fischer, 1856 from synonymy of Buccinum and we also consider Plicibuccinum Golikov & Gulbin, 1977 as valid genus. New molecular data provide further support for the synonimization of Bathybuccinum Golikov & Sirenko, 1988 with Buccinum Linnaeus, 1758. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that Thysanobuccinum Golikov #38; Gulbin in Golikov, 1980 and Ovulatibuccinum Golikov & Sirenko, 1988 as currently construed are nested within Buccinum and their subgeneric rank is not confirmed. Therefore, we synonymize these genera with Buccinum. In the absence of molecular data the monotypic genus Corneobuccinum Golikov & Gulbin, 1977 is provisionally considered valid. Two new species, Buccinum hasegawai sp. nov. and B. bizikovi sp. nov. are described from the Kurile Islands; these species were previously erroneously identified as Bathybuccinum bombycinum (Dall, 1907) and Ovulatibuccinum ovulum (Dall, 1907), respectively. New replacement names are proposed for the secondary junior homonym Buccinum perlatum (Fraussen & Chino, 2009) and the primary junior homonyms Buccinum coronatum Golikov, 1980 and Buccinum costatum Golikov 1980.
Los conflictos socio ambientales en la arena judicial en Argentina: diseños institucionales para la decisión judicial de base científica
Authors: Sozzo Gonzalo
Published: April 2022

This article addresses the problem of the necessary articulation between scientific knowledge and judicial decision in Argentina in cases where there is uncertainty about risks to human health and ecosystems, which requires the application of the precautionary principle. My thesis is that in Argentina there are two key issues for proper articulation that have not yet been properly addressed, which constitutes a serious obstacle to judicial decision-making in socio-environmental conflicts: (1) the absence of institutional rules to organize a precautionary scientific expert test; (2) the lack of institutional rules that establish the conditions for admitting the consideration of scientific evidence in judicial processes to the fines of clearing or not the uncertainty around the existence of a risk.

Este artículo aborda el problema de la necesaria articulación entre conocimiento científico y decisión judicial en Argentina en los casos en los que existe incertidumbre en torno a riesgos para la salud humana y los ecosistemas, lo que exige la aplicación del principio precautorio. Mi tesis es que en Argentina hay dos tópicos claves para la adecuada articulación que no han sido aun correctamente abordados, lo cual constituye un grave obstáculo para la toma de decisiones judiciales en los conflictos socio ambientales: (1) la ausencia de reglas institucionales para organizar una prueba pericial científica precautoria; (2) la falta de reglas institucionales que establezcan las condiciones para la admitir la consideración de pruebas científicas en los procesos judiciales a los fines de despejar o no la incertidumbre en torno a la existencia de un riesgo.
Somatosensory evoked potentials are abnormal with plagiocephaly
Authors: Härmä Maiju , Lauronen Leena , Leikola Junnu , Hukki Jyri , Saarikko Anne
Published: April 2022

Background: Deformational plagiocephaly is usually managed conservatively, as it tends to improve over time and with the use of conservative measures. However, before the year 2017 we operated on patients with severe plagiocephaly and neurological symptoms at the Helsinki Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Center.Methods: Of the 20 infants with severe deformational plagiocephaly and neurological symptoms referred to us between 2014 and 2016, 10 underwent cranioplasty open reshaping of the posterior cranial vault. The parents of the last 10 patients were given information on the natural history of the condition and the patients were followed up with an outpatient protocol. The aim of this study was to gain information on the brain electrophysiology and recovery of patients after total cranial vault reconstruction by measuring the electroencephalogram (EEG) somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP; median nerve).Results: Of the 10 participants in the operation arm, six had abnormal SEP at least on the affected cerebral hemisphere and all SEPs were recorded as normal when controlled postoperatively. In the follow-up arm, eight out of 10 participants had abnormal SEP at the age of approximately 24 months, and all had normalized SEPs at control visits.Conclusion: Our data suggest that cranioplasty open reshaping of the posterior cranial vault did not affect abnormal SEP-EEG recordings. We have abandoned the operations in deformational plagiocephaly patients due to findings suggesting that expanding cranioplasty is not beneficial for brain function in this patient group.
Dopaminergic regulation of vestibulo-cerebellar circuits through unipolar brush cells
Authors: Canton-Josh Jose Ernesto , Qin Joanna , Salvo Joseph , Kozorovitskiy Yevgenia
Published: April 2022

While multiple monoamines modulate cerebellar output, the mechanistic details of dopaminergic signaling in the cerebellum remain poorly understood. We show that dopamine type 1 receptors (Drd1) are expressed in unipolar brush cells (UBCs) of the mouse cerebellar vermis. Drd1 activation increases UBC firing rate and post-synaptic NMDAR -mediated currents. Using anatomical tracing and in situ hybridization, we test three hypotheses about the source of cerebellar dopamine. We exclude midbrain dopaminergic nuclei and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive Purkinje (Pkj) cells as potential sources, supporting the possibility of dopaminergic co-release from locus coeruleus (LC) axons. Using an optical dopamine sensor GRABDA2h, electrical stimulation, and optogenetic activation of LC fibers in the acute slice, we find evidence for monoamine release onto Drd1-expressing UBCs. Altogether, we propose that the LC regulates cerebellar cortex activity by co-releasing dopamine onto UBCs to modulate their response to cerebellar inputs. Pkj cells directly inhibit these Drd1-positive UBCs, forming a dopamine-sensitive recurrent vestibulo-cerebellar circuit.
Promoting constructive feedback on preprints with the FAST principles
Authors: Franco Iborra Sandra , Polka Jessica , Puebla Iratxe
Published: April 2022

Ensuring that public feedback on preprints is focused, appropriate, specific and transparent (or FAST) will help to develop a thriving culture for reviewing and commenting on preprints.
Winter diet of Burrowing Owls in the Llano La Soledad, Galeana, Nuevo León, México
Authors: Gonzalez Rojas Jose I. , Cruz Nieto Miguel Angel , Guzmán Velasco Antonio , Ruvalcaba-Ortega Irene , Olalla-Kerstupp Alina , Ruiz-Ayma Gabriel
Published: April 2022

The dietary niche breadth of the Burrowing Owl was determined (Athene cuniculariaMolina, 1782) in Llano La Soledad, Galeana, Nuevo Leon in northern Mexico, by considering prey type, numerical percentage, weight, weight percentage, frequency of occurrence percentage, and IRI percentage. The study compared data from three winters (2002–2003, 2003–2004, 2004–2005) by analyzing 358 pellets, identifying 850 prey items. Invertebrates constituted 90% of prey items, which mostly included insects (85%); beetles were the most common insects found in pellets (70%). Vertebrates made up 84% of consumed weight, of which 83% were mammals. Most of the mammals were cricetid rodents (41%). Niche breadth based on the numerical and weight percentage confirmed the Burrowing Owl as a generalist species with mean values per year ranging between 0.65 and 0.82. Additionally, there was a strong association between the weight of rodent species in winter. This association was mainly driven by changes in composition and frequency of these prey species during the second winter, probably caused by high annual rainfall. The second season also showed a statistically significant narrower niche (Ro = 0.96) and the smallest overlap (0.45vs. 0.76) among the three winters.
Effect of Different Sources of Silicon on the Growth, Yield and Si Uptake in Aerobic Rice
Authors: Anjum Mohsina , Prakash N. B. , Kadalli G. G. , Vasanti B. G. , Sujith G. M. , Patil S. S.
Published: April 2022

A field experiment was conducted to study the different sources of silicon (Si) on plant growth and yield. The experiment was laid in randomized complete design (RCBD) with four treatments and four replications. The experiment results revealed that There was an increase in plant height and the number of tillers plant-1 with the application of different sources of Si over RDF (T1). At harvest RHB @ 4 t ha-1 recorded significantly higher plant height (106.05±1.23 cm) and the number of tillers hill-1 (15.25±2.75). Yield attributes like number of panicles hill-1 (13.23±0.49), Panicle length 23.43±0.29 cm), test weight (23.55±0.05 g), straw (7.15±0.59 t ha-1), grain (3.60±0.16 t ha-1) and total biomass yield (10. 75±1.01 t ha-1) was recorded in treatment receiving SA @ 4 mL L-1 (T3). Whereas, higher Si content and uptake in both straw and grain was significantly higher in the recorded in the with the application of the RHB @ 4 t ha-1. Thus, combined application of external Si sources and along with recommended dose of fertilizers found to increase the growth, yield and Si uptake in aerobic rice.
Relationship between Forest Fuel Moisture Contents and Weather Factors During the Forest Fires Danger Season in Chuncheon, Gangwon
Authors: Han Songhee , Chae Heemun
Published: April 2022

The amount of moisture contained in fallen leaves in the forest is closely related to the possibility of the ignition and spread of a forest fire. This moisture content is an important fundamental component of the forest fire danger rating system, as well as an essential parameter in forest fire management. This study examined the relationship between the moisture content of fuel in the forests and weather information obtained from HOBO data loggers installed in forests during the forest fire seasons of 2018 and 2020. The moisture content of the forest fuel was divided into two slopes (south and north), and the fallen leaves used were broad-leaved (Prunus serrulate and Quercus dentata) and coniferous (Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis). The temperature (mean, minimum, and maximum) and relative humidity (mean and minimum) data obtained from the weather measuring devices installed in the forests were used to correlate weather factors with fuel moisture content. During the spring forest fire period, the temperature (mean, minimum, and maximum) and relative humidity (mean and minimum) of each slope and tree species were significant, while the average temperature and relative humidity were significant during the autumn. According to the correlations between the fuel moisture content and weather, factors with high significance were selected, and multiple regression analyses of the slope and species were found to be significant at 1 percent. The results of this study are expected to be used as primary data for calculating the fuel index of the forest fire forecasting system by accounting for the effects of weather factors on the moisture content of the fuel.
Measures to Enhance Evacuation Safety of Nursing Hospitals Through Evacuation Simulation
Authors: Park Kuk Hee , Lee Jai Young , Kong Ha Sung
Published: April 2022

This study allows comparative analysis of the evacuation time required for nursing hospitals using an evacuation simulation program and proposes an optimized procedure to enhance safety. Considering the current laws and regulations that nursing hospitals may be exempted from using ramps or elevators, this study analyzed the evacuation time of all occupants, including patients who cannot evacuate by themselves. The following three cases were analyzed in order: elevators were exempt but ramps were installed, ramps were exempt but elevators that can move a bed were installed, and both elevators and ramps were installed. Last, the study comparatively analyzed the evacuation time for the above-mentioned cases when an additional evacuation space was installed. The results of the evacuation simulation showed that the required evacuation time was the shortest when a ramp, an elevator, and an evacuation space were all installed. Although there are provisions exempting ramps or elevators in nursing hospitals, the law should be revised to require the installation of both of them in nursing hospitals of two floors or higher. It is also an appropriate time to discuss the retroactive enforcement of evacuation space—which replaces the vertical evacuation of those vulnerable during evacuation—currently required for newly built or change-of-use nursing hospitals.
The confidence‐accuracy relation – A comparison of metacognition measures in lie detection
Authors: Volz Sarah , Reinhard Marc‐André , Müller Patrick
Published: April 2022

Previous research has produced mixed results on the question of whether confidence in ad hoc veracity judgments can be used as an indicator of judgment accuracy. These studies have used a variety of measures to analyze the confidence‐accuracy relationship; however, they have rarely explicitly addressed why a particular measure was chosen and what its properties are. We theoretically and empirically examined previously used measures of metacognition in lie detection and report the results these measures yielded in re‐analyses of 12 lie detection studies (total N = 2817 participants). Regardless of the measure, none of the studies found a confidence‐accuracy relationship. Discrepancies between the measures are likely due to conceptual differences between them, emphasizing the importance of carefully selecting appropriate measures for the research question at hand. More work on the underlying processes of confidence judgments in lie detection is needed to improve the assessment of confidence and the selection of appropriate measures.
A Polystyrene Photoresin for Direct Lithography of Microfluidic Chips
Authors: Franco Corredor Santiago , Mayoussi Fadoua , Luitz Manuel , Kick Andrea , Goralczyk Andreas , Böcherer David , Vera Grace , Helmer Dorothea , Kotz‐Helmer Frederik , Rapp Bastian E.
Published: April 2022

Polystyrene (PS) is the material of choice for many medical, biological, and biomedical applications given its advantageous properties such as high biocompatibility, optical transparency, and the possibility to shape PS using high‐throughput manufacturing methods at low production costs. Due to its properties, PS is an interesting material for the fabrication of microfluidic systems. In microfluidics, rapid prototyping is of high importance for testing new chip layouts and designs during the product development with the aim of significantly accelerating the manufacturing. To allow transitioning and thus significantly faster translation from research to scalable manufacturing, it would be ideal if the same material could be used throughout the whole design pipeline. However, rapid prototyping and high‐resolution shaping of PS, especially on the micron scale, is still limited. In this work,a novel photocurable polystyrene photoresin, is presented which can be shaped using direct optical lithography. Using this PS photoresin, microfluidic chips with feature sizes down to 50 µm and a high optical transparency can be fabricated. The cured PS photoresin shows comparable surface and material properties to commercial PS. This method will enable researchers in the medical, biological and biomedical fields to produce suitable PS structures with commercial equipment.
Additive Manufacturing of 3D Luminescent ZrO2:Eu3+ Architectures
Authors: Winczewski Jędrzej , Herrera Manuel , Cabriel Clément , Izeddin Ignacio , Gabel Stefan , Merle Benoit , Susarrey Arce Arturo , Gardeniers Han
Published: April 2022

Implementation of more refined structures at the nano to microscale is expected to advance applications in optics and photonics. This work presents the additive manufacturing of 3D luminescent microarchitectures emitting light in the visible range. A tailor‐made organo‐metallic resin suitable for two‐photon lithography is developed, which upon thermal treatment in an oxygen‐rich atmosphere allows the creation of silicon‐free tetragonal (t‐) and monoclinic (m‐) ZrO2. The approach is unique because the tailor‐made Zr‐resin is different from what is achieved in other reported approaches based on sol−gel resins. The Zr‐resin is compatible with the Eu‐rich dopant, a luminescent activator, which enables to tune the optical properties of the ZrO2 structures upon annealing. The emission characteristics of the Eu‐doped ZrO2 microstructures are investigated in detail with cathodoluminescence and compared with the intrinsic optical properties of the ZrO2. The hosted Eu has an orange−red emission showcased using fluorescence microscopy. The presented structuring technology provides a new platform for the future development of 3D luminescent devices.
Investigation of water kinetics in zeolite Linde‐Type‐A crystals by a concentration‐swing frequency response
Authors: Wang Yu , Strohmaier Karl , Strasser Michael
Published: April 2022

A new concentration‐swing frequency response system was developed to evaluate water kinetics in non‐binder containing zeolite Linde Type A (LTA) crystals with frequencies up to 1 Hz. For commercial micron‐sized 3A crystals, the mass transfer rate is too fast to be determined accurately due to reduced sensitivity near the system limits. Larger LTA crystals (~15 μm) were synthesized in house and ion exchanged to three potassium concentrations (0, 48, and 77 wt%) to aid in the accurate determination of mass transfer mechanism and rates. Micropore diffusion with parallel sites, not a surface barrier, described all the data well, consistent with the bimodal distribution of crystal sizes from scanning electron microscope images. The transport diffusivity for water in zeolite 3A crystals near saturated loadings at 25°C is about 1 × 10−12 m2/s, 10 times slower than 4A crystals around 10−11 m2/s, both supporting fast micropore diffusion time constants >1 s−1 for micron‐sized crystals.