bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Celestial Aspects of Hittite Religion, Part 2: Cosmic Symbolism at Yazilikaya
Authors: Zangger Eberhard , Krupp E.C. , Demirel Serkan , Gautschy Rita
Published: June 2021

Evidence of systematic astronomical observation and the impact of celestial knowledge on culture is plentiful in the Bronze Age societies of Egypt, Mesopotamia and Europe. An interest in astral phenomena is also reflected in Hittite documents, architecture and art. The rock-cut reliefs of 64 deities in the main chamber of Yazilikaya, a Hittite rock sanctuary associated with Hattusa, the Hittite capital in central Anatolia, can be broken into groups marking days, synodic months and solar years. Here, we suggest that the sanctuary in its entirety represents a symbolic image of the cosmos, including its static levels (earth, sky, underworld) and the cyclical processes of renewal and rebirth (day/night, lunar phases, summer/winter). Static levels and celestial cyclicities are emphasised throughout the sanctuary – every single relief relates to this system. We interpret the central panel with the supreme deities, at the far north end of Chamber A, as a reference to the northern stars, the circumpolar realm and the world axis. Chamber B seems to symbolise the netherworld.
Fish trade, price realization and species diversification across markets in Maharashtra
Authors: Salim Shyam S. , Stanley Lowrane , Athira N.R.
Published: June 2021

The study was conducted in 22 well-structured fish markets across Maharashtra state including landing centres, retail and wholesale markets to assess the trade of commercially important fishes. The field survey was conducted during the period of August 2019- March 2020 using a structure field survey tool-Fish Market Prices (FMP). During the survey period, total of 97 species of fish fauna was traded which included 61 marine species, 21 fresh water species and 15 brackish water species. It has been observed that among the total species traded/ available across different markets of Maharashtra, inland species (Catla, Rohu, Tilapia, Asian Seabass, Common carp, Grass carp, Silver carp) were the most prominent compared to other fishes. As the theory goes the price and demand of a fish is influenced by market structure, seasonal abundance and origin of species, size and quality. Fish demand was sensitive to the price changes and their availability. The study revealed that the share of Maharashtra to total marine fish production of India has been slackening. The major reason behind the devolution of marine sector is the extreme bad weather events which adversely affected the marine fisheries during 2018. Inaddition lower catch per unit effort and non-availability of fish also resulted towards the decline of marine fish landings. The study also offers scope for the Government to intervene in the fish markets so that more fish species become available, accessible and affordable to consumers. Creation of infrastructure and provision of infrastructure seems to be the buzz word towards improved marketing efficiency.
Noninvasive intracranial pressure monitoring methods: a critical review
Authors: Moraes Fabiano Moulin de , Silva Gisele Sampaio
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring has been used for decades in management of various neurological conditions. The gold standard for measuring ICP is a ventricular catheter connected to an external strain gauge, which is an invasive system associated with a number of complications. Despite its limitations, no noninvasive ICP monitoring (niICP) method fulfilling the technical requirements for replacing invasive techniques has yet been developed, not even in cases requiring only ICP monitoring without cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage. Objectives: Here, we review the current methods for niICP monitoring. Methods: The different methods and approaches were grouped according to the mechanism used for detecting elevated ICP or its associated consequences. Results: The main approaches reviewed here were: physical examination, brain imaging (magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography), indirect ICP estimation techniques (fundoscopy, tympanic membrane displacement, skull elasticity, optic nerve sheath ultrasound), cerebral blood flow evaluation (transcranial Doppler, ophthalmic artery Doppler), metabolic changes measurements (near-infrared spectroscopy) and neurophysiological studies (electroencephalogram, visual evoked potential, otoacoustic emissions). Conclusion: In terms of accuracy, reliability and therapeutic options, intraventricular catheter systems still remain the gold standard method. However, with advances in technology, noninvasive monitoring methods have become more relevant. Further evidence is needed before noninvasive methods for ICP monitoring or estimation become a more widespread alternative to invasive techniques.
Real-world effectiveness of natalizumab treatment in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis in Argentina and Chile
Authors: Ysrraelit Maria Celica , Caride Alejandro , Sinay Vladimiro , Rivera Kindel Mario , Halfon Mario Javier , Patrucco Liliana , Piedrabuena Raul , Diaz Aragunde Vanina Eleonor
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Background: The real-world effectiveness of natalizumab in people with relapsing multiple sclerosis (PwRMS) in Argentina and Chile has not been reported. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of natalizumab treatment in PwRMS in Argentina and Chile, in clinical practice. Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective and observational study. We reviewed the medical records of PwRMS who had been treated with natalizumab for at least one year, without any interruption in MS treatment that lasted more than 12 weeks. We analyzed changes in annualized relapse rate (ARR), Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: We enrolled 117 PwRMS treated with natalizumab. Natalizumab treatment was associated with a significant reduction in ARR from baseline after one year and two years of treatment (from 1.97 to 0.06 and 0.09 respectively; p<0.01 at each time point). From baseline, EDSS scores were reduced by 0.71 and 0.73 points at one and two years, respectively (p<0.01). No worsening of disability was observed in 82.9 and 67.5% of PwRMS at one and two years, respectively. The improvement in disability was 44.4% at one year and 39.3% at two years. During natalizumab treatment, the number of relapse-related hospitalizations was significantly reduced (p<0.01). MRI lesions (new/enlarging T2 or gadolinium-enhancing) were significantly reduced, compared with baseline. No evidence of disease activity was observed in 65% at two years of natalizumab treatment. Conclusions: Natalizumab significantly reduced disease activity in PwRMS in Argentina and Chile, in clinical practice. Natalizumab also decreased the number of hospitalizations compared with pre-natalizumab treatment.
Inclusion of kaolin in the diet of brown egg layers at the end of the production cycle
Authors: Reis Túlio Leite , Quintero Juan Carlos Palomino , Dilelis Felipe , Cordido Karoll Alfonso Torres , Fassani Edison José , Calixto Ligia Fátima Lima
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the inclusion of kaolin levels in the diet of brown egg layers at the end of the production cycle. A completely randomized design involved the distribution of 288 brown egg layers into six treatments of eight replications, with six birds per replication. When the birds reached the age of 63 weeks, the feeding of the experimental diets began. Diets differed by the inclusion of increasing levels of kaolin: Control (no additive), and the inclusion of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% kaolin. The performance, egg quality, intestinal morphometry, and excreta moisture were evaluated. The inclusion of kaolin promoted improvement in the jejunum villus height, enabling less feed intake; however, there were no significant differences in egg quality. The excreta moisture decreased linearly as the kaolin level in the diet increased. The inclusion of 5% kaolin in the diet of brown egg layers at the end of the production cycle improved intestinal morphometry and the quality of excreta through a reduction of moisture.
Evaluation of the Chilli veinal mottle virus CP gene expressing transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants for disease resistance against the virus
Authors: Riaz T. , Ashfaq M. , Khan Z.
Published: June 2021

Abstract Vegetables are an important source of income and high-value crops for small farmers. Chilli (Capsicum spp.) is one of the most economically important vegetables of Pakistan and it is grown throughout the country. It is a rich source of nutrition especially vitamins A, B, C and E along with minerals as folic acid, manganese (Mn), potassium (K) and molybdenum (Mo). Chilli possesses seven times more amount of vitamin C than an orange. Vitamin A, C and beta-carotenoids are strong antioxidants to scavenge the free radicals. Chilli production is restricted due to various biotic factors. Among these viruses, Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) is one of the most destructive and menacing agents that inflicts heavy and colossal losses that accounted for 50% yield loss both in quality and quantity. Pathogen-Derived Resistance (PDR) approach is considered one of the effective approaches to manage plant viruses. In this study, ChiVMV was characterized on a molecular level, the coat protein (CP) gene of the virus was stably transformed into Nicotiana benthamiana plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The transgenic plants were challenged with the virus to evaluate the level of resistance of plants against the virus. It was observed that the plants expressing CP gene have partial resistance against the virus in terms of symptoms’ development and virus accumulation. Translation of this technique into elite chilli varieties will be resulted to mitigate the ChiVMV in the crop as well as an economic benefit to the farmers.
Shading minimizes the effects of water deficit in Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg seedlings
Authors: Bartieres E. M. M. , Dresch D. M. , Reis L. C. , Pereira Z. V. , Mussury R. M. , Scalon S. P. Q.
Published: June 2021

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the functioning of the photosystem II and quality of C. xanthocarpa seedlings cultivated under intermittent water deficit and shading levels and the influence of shading on recovery potential after suspension of the stress conditions. The seedlings were subjected to three levels of shading (0, 30, and 70%), six periods of evaluation (start: 0 days; 1st and 2nd photosynthesis zero: 1st and 2nd P0; 1st and 2nd recovery: 1stand 2nd REC; and END), and two forms of irrigation (control: periodically irrigated to maintain 70% substrate water retention capacity, and intermittent irrigation: suspension of irrigation). The plants subjected to intermittent irrigation conditions at 0% shading showed a reduction in water potential (Ψw) and potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and maximum efficiency of the photochemical process (Fv/F0) and an increase in basal quantum production of the non-photochemical processes (F0/Fm). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher in the leaves than in the roots. The C. xanthocarpa is a species sensitive to water deficit but presents strategies to adapt to an environment under temporary water restriction, which are more temporary are most efficient under shading. The seedlings with water deficit at all levels of shading exhibited higher protective antioxidant activity and lower quality at 0% shading. The shading minimizes prevents permanent damage to the photosystem II and after the re-irrigation, the evaluated characteristics showed recovery with respect to the control group, except POD and SOD activities in the leaves.
Inheritance of seedlessness and the molecular characterization of the INO gene in Annonaceae
Authors: Nassau B. R. R. M. , Mascarenhas P. S. C. , Guimarães A. G. , Feitosa F. M. , Ferreira H. M. , Castro B. M. C. , Zanuncio J. C. , Costa M. R. , Nietsche S.
Published: June 2021

Abstract The inheritance of the seedless fruit characteristic of Annona squamosa has not yet been explained. Molecular techniques may aid breeding programs, mainly in the assisted selection of the target gene. The INO gene may be related to seed development in these fruits. The objective of the present paper was to investigate the inheritance of seedlessness in the 'Brazilian seedless' sugar apple and INO gene conservation in Annona squamosa and Annona cherimola x Annona squamosa genotypes by assessing their homology with the INO database genes. The F1 generation was obtained by crossing the mutant 'Brazilian seedless' (male genitor) (P1) with the wild-type A. squamosa with seeds (M1 and M2, female genitors). The INO gene was studied in mutant and wild-type A. squamosa (P1, M1, M2 and M3) and in the Gefner atemoya (A. cherimola x A. squamosa) (M4) cultivar. The DNA was extracted from young leaves, and four sets of specific primers flanking the INO gene were amplified. The seedless characteristic was identified as stenospermatic in the fruits of parental P1, suggesting monogenic inheritance with complete dominance. High sequence similarity of the INO gene amplifications in the sugar apple accessions (M1, M2, M3) and the atemoya cultivar Gefner (M4) reinforces the hypothesis of their conservation.
Potential Hepatoprotective Effect of Cheatomorpha gracilis extract against High Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Liver Damage, and its characterization by HPLC
Authors: Brahmi N. , Feriani A. , Ben Ali M. , Hedfi A. , Elleuch A. , Ismail I. A. , Albogami B. , Saif T. , Talarmin H. , El Feki A. , Allagui M. S.
Published: June 2021

Abstract The current investigation was carried out to estimate the protective effect of aqueous extract of Cheatomorpha gracilis (AEC) against High fat Diet (HFD) induced liver damage in mice. The results of the in vitro study showed that AEC have higher antioxidant capacities in the DPPH and hydroxyl radical-scavenging assays. Indeed, many phenolic compounds (gallic acid, quercetin, naringenin, apigenin, kaempferol and rutin) were identified in the AEC. In the animal studies, during 6 weeks, HFD promoted oxidative stress with a rise level of malonaldehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls (PCOs) levels and a significant decrease of the antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Interestingly, the treatment with AEC (250 mg/kg body weight) significantly reduced the effects of HFD disorders on some plasmatic liver biomarkers (AST, ALT and ALP) in addition to, plasmatic proteins inflammatory biomarkers (α2 and β1 decreases / β2 and γ globulins increases). It can be suggest that supplementation of MECG displays high potential to quench free radicals and attenuates high fat diet promoted liver oxidative stress and related disturbances.
Use of cooled buffalo semen as a strategy to increase conception rates in fixed-time artificial insemination programs during unfavorable reproductive periods
Authors: Almeida J. , Brito M.F. , Neves B.P. , Becerra V.A.B. , Auler P.A. , Hadad J.P. , Baruselli P.S. , Henry M.
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to compare the reproductive efficiency of dairy buffaloes undergoing fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocols based on progesterone/estrogen (P4/E2) and eCG during unfavorable breeding season using cooled (CS) and frozen semen (FS). A total of 446 buffaloes (> 40 days postpartum) were randomly distributed into four blocks (years): B1-2014 (n = 143), B2-2015 (n = 34), B3-2016 (n = 90), and B4-2017 (n = 179). Each block was subdivided into two (AI with CS and FS using the same ejaculate of each bull). Thus, the block subdivision was as follows: B1 (CS = 71 and FS = 72); B2 (CS = 18 and FS = 16); B3 (CS = 47 and FS = 43); and B4 (CS = 90 and FS = 89). The ejaculates of eight Murrah bulls collected using an artificial vagina were divided into two aliquots: one aliquot was diluted in Botu-Bov® commercial extender and cooled (BB-CS), and the other was diluted in the same extender and frozen (BB-FS). BB-CS aliquots were cooled at 5 °C/24 h using a refrigerator. BB-FS group aliquots were also cooled, and after equilibrating at 5 °C for 4 h, were placed in a 21-L Styrofoam box, 5 cm above the surface of liquid nitrogen. In the afternoon (A) on D0 (2:00 p.m.) the animals received EB 2.0 mg IM (Estrogin®) and an ear implant (CRESTAR® 3.0 mg P4). At D9 (A), the implant was removed, and the animals received eCG 400 IU IM (Folligon® 5000) + Cloprostenol PGF2α 0.530 mg IM (Sincrocio®). At D10 (A), the animals received EB 1.0 mg IM (Estrogin®), and at D12 (8:00 a.m.), AI was performed. At D42, pregnancy was diagnosed via ultrasonography. Total CRs were 48.2% CS and 34.6% FS for years 2014 to 2017, with a significant difference of 13.7% (P<0.05). In conclusion, cooled semen resulted in higher CR than frozen semen in dairy buffaloes under the P4/E2 and eCG FTAI during the unfavorable reproductive season.
Haptoglobin and its association with naturally occurring diseases in Holstein heifer calves
Authors: Ramos J.S. , Madureira K.M. , Silva K.N. da , Bosco K.A. , Morita L.M. , Guimarães J.E. , Gomes V.
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT The present study evaluated the use of haptoglobin (Hp) as an indicator of health and performance in 166 Holstein heifer calves reared in an intensive production system. Calves were evaluated at D6-9; D10-13; D20-23; D35-38 and D65-68, corresponding to the days of life. The absence or presence of diseases was evaluated by physical examination and classification of scores. The performance parameters evaluated were body weight, height at withers and hind width. Hp was measured by spectrophotometric technique. The highest prevalence of diarrhea (59.4%; 98/165) was observed in D10-13, bovine respiratory disease (BRD) was on D35-38 (25.8%; 42/163), and umbilical inflammations in D6-D9 (7.8%; 13/166). Highest values of Hp were observed in animals with diarrhea (P=0.02), and umbilical inflammation (P=0.057), in comparison with the group of healthy calves. A significant negative correlation was observed between Hp and performance index. This protein presented an important relation with diarrhea and performance of the calves, opening perspectives on its utilization as a biomarker of diseases.
Humeral fracture repair using a robust fixation in an adult Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla): case report
Authors: Minto B.W. , Magalhães T.V. , Lucena D.V.F. , Soriano I.M. , Barranco G.H.F. , Dias L.G.G.G. , Werther K.
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT The treatment of fractures from the thoracic limb in giant anteaters is extremely challenging. Unfamiliar and peculiar anatomical characteristics, robust musculature and the imminent need for an early return to limb function highlight such challenges. The objective of this report was to describe the successful use of anatomical osteosynthesis with a robust locking compression plate in a humeral fracture of an adult giant anteater. The patient was rescued on the highway after being run over and presented for treatment at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Surgical stabilization was performed using a craniomedial approach to the humerus, using a customized broad 3.5mm locking compression plate. The patient presented early limb support at 24 hours postoperatively. Radiographic monitoring was performed at 30, 60 and 90 days postoperatively, and bone healing was observed without any complications. It is concluded that the treatment of humerus fractures in giant anteaters requires robust fixation. The use of a reinforced locking compression plate system proved to be effective and adequate to the mechanical load that an adult individual of this species needs for early use of the thoracic limb and, at the same time, efficient in controlling interfragmentary movement, which allowed fracture consolidation.
Physiological and hematological parameters of sheep reared in the tropics and subtropics
Authors: Seixas L. , Peripolli V. , Façanha D. A.E. , Fischer V. , Poli C.H.E.C. , Melo C.B. , Louvandini H. , McManus C.M.
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the physiological and hematological parameters of sheep in Brazil. Therefore, 5,081 observations were used from previous experiments with animals from different Brazilian regions with the time of day, gender, breed, age, physiological characteristics, hematological and climatic variables. The animals were classified according to their stress level, and only data of non-stressed animals were used to calculate the reference values. Respiratory rate was the parameter that most differed from the normal range, with values above the limits usually reported for the species, being higher in commercial wool sheep. For hematological variables, differences were observed between the present results and the previously reported values in the literature. A higher number of red blood cells (RBC), lower hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were observed in young animals. A higher number of RBC and MCHC were noted in sheep crossed with local breeds. Considering that physiological and hematological parameters are indicators of the animal's pathological or physiological state, for a correct interpretation of the results, the use of reference values based on animals with similar racial characteristics and subjected to similar environmental conditions is recommended.
Effect of intrabronchial platelet rich plasma on the exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage endoscopic score in thoroughbred racehorses using furosemide: a preliminary study
Authors: Pires N. Rebouças , Miranda S. , Costa M.F.M. , Ramos M.T. , Bernardes C. , Alencar N.X. , Lessa D.A.B.
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT The high prevalence of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) in athletic horses constitutes to be a challenge to the racing industry and a source of major concern to animal welfare. Both experimental and clinical evidence indicate that the use of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a promising effector of repair in a variety of pulmonary conditions. The present study evaluated the effect of intrabronchial instillation of PRP on EIPH endoscopic scores from 37 Thoroughbred racehorses. Inclusion criteria were for animals to be EIPH-positive in, at least, two consecutive post-exercise endoscopic exams and to receive 250mg of furosemide IV four hours before racing. Animals were randomly assigned into 3 groups: placebo, control, and PRP instillation. All 37 Thoroughbred racehorses included had EIPH endoscopic scores pre- and post- treatment compared by statistical analysis. The bleeding score from the group receiving PRP was significantly lower than in the control and placebo groups. No adverse effects were observed in any animal during or after the experiment. It was possible to conclude that the intrabronchial instillation of autologous PRP was effective in reducing EIPH scores in racehorses receiving furosemide and that this bioproduct can be considered as a promising coadjuvant in controlling EIPH in athletic horses.
Defoliation heights for palisade grass cv. Marandu in silvopastoral system
Authors: Oliveira V.A.V. , Braz T.G.S. , Silva R.B. , Veloso A.C.R. , Rufino L.D.A. , Martuscello J.A. , Mourthé M.H.F. , Barros L.V.
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT The objective was to test the response of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu in monoculture and in silvopastoral system (SPS), at two distances from the trees, and define the best defoliation height for SPS. Four intermittent defoliation heights (25, 35, 45 and 55cm) and two distances from tree lines (2.5 and 5.0m) were evaluated in the SPS with a control defoliated with 25cm in full sun. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design with 3 replicates in a 4 × 2 + 1 split plot scheme. The control had higher forage accumulation (46.9kg/ha. day) than the SPS (31.1kg/ha. day). The bulk density was also higher in the control (0.89mg/cm³) than in SPS (0.48mg/cm³). The percentage of leaves (78.06%) and leaf/stem ratio (6.04) did not differ among the treatments. In the SPS, there was an increase of 31.07% in forage accumulation from 25 to 55cm. The forage accumulation and bulk density of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu in monoculture is greater than in the SPS regardless of the management goal and the distance from trees. The goal of 55cm in the SPS presented greater forage accumulation.
Selection and use of calling site by Boana leptolineata and Phyllomedusa distincta during the reproductive season
Authors: Farina Renata K. , Paraboni Camila , Figueiró Daniela , Raguse-Quadros Mateus , Santos Charles F. dos , Ferreira Pedro M. Abreu , Tozetti Alexandro M.
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Climatic conditions and microhabitat characteristics, such as the substrate and type of vegetation, influence the choice of male anurans for calling sites that optimize their reproductive success. We evaluated the structure and selection of vocalization microhabitat of 17 individuals of Phyllomedusa distincta Lutz, 1950 and 25 of Boana leptolineata (Braun & Braun, 1977), in a subtropical forest in southern Brazil. We measure the height of the perch, the distance between the perch and the edge of the body of water and the structure of the microhabitat of quadrants used by individuals. The same attributes were measured in the quadrants available (but not used) by the individuals. We classified the microhabitats by visual estimate, assigning percentages of coverage for each quadrant by herbaceous, shrub, tree and wetland vegetation. We observed that both species selected their microhabitat, since the characteristics of the quadrants occupied by the individuals were different from those available. Phyllomedusa distincta was more associated with heterogeneous microhabitats, while B. leptolineata occurred in environments with greater coverage of tree strata. Additionally, we observed that both species used shrubs more frequently as a perch site. The selection of these microhabitat characteristics must be associated with strategies to optimize the use of the reproductive habitat, based on the morphological and behavioral characteristics of the species. Finally, it is possible to infer that the differences observed in the microhabitat structure selected by the species can facilitate the coexistence of both in the context of the heterogeneity of the environment.
Uso de categorizações políticas e sociais na implementação de políticas: contribuições teóricas e analíticas
Authors: Lotta Gabriela , Costa Maria Izabel Sanches
Published: June 2021

RESUMO Introdução: Ser tratado de forma justa e imparcial por burocratas implementadores de políticas públicas é um componente central da boa qualidade dos governos democráticos. Logo, o tema da implementação de políticas públicas é relevante para compreender como o Estado opera e quais são os resultados que gera para os cidadãos. Neste artigo abordamos teoricamente discussões sobre desigualdades e burocracia de nível de rua, considerando a relevância destes temas para o Brasil. Materiais e Métodos: Foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa. Analisamos a literatura nacional e internacional sobre implementação de políticas públicas, categorias sociais e políticas, estereótipos e burocratas de nível de rua. Resultados: A partir do exame da literatura ainda pouco difundida no Brasil, propomos alternativas analíticas para compreender a implementação das políticas públicas na perspectiva dos atores que a realizam e o seu efeito em termos de inclusão e exclusão. Discussão: O exercício da discricionariedade dos burocratas de nível de rua tem efeitos alocativos que podem reduzir ou aumentar a inclusão e a desigualdade. Porém, ainda há limites em termos analíticos para compreender esse processo.
Psychosocial development and mental health in youth Brazilian club athletes: examining the effects of age, sport type, and training experience
Authors: Milistetd Michel , Camiré Martin , Ciampolini Vitor , Quinaud Ricardo Teixeira , Nascimento Juarez Vieira do
Published: June 2021

Abstract Physical activity occurring through organized sport has been positioned as an engaging manner not only to prevent chronic-degenerative diseases but also to promote healthier societies. However, there is a lack of evidence linking competitive sport participation in the club environment in promoting youth athletes’ psychosocial development and mental health. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the effects of age, sport type, and training experience on the psychosocial development and mental health of youth Brazilian club athletes. Participants were 220 male adolescent athletes (Mean =14.09 years; SD = 2.21) from individual and team sports. Instruments included the Portuguese Youth Experience Survey for Sport (P-YES-S) and the Portuguese Mental Health Continuum – Short Form (P-MHC-SF). Correlation and multilevel linear regression analyses were performed. The results indicated a moderated correlation between both questionnaires. For the P-YES-S, model effect estimations showed variation for age in the Personal and Social Skills dimension and variations for training experience in the Cognitive Skills and Negative Experiences dimensions. For the P-MHC-SF, model effect estimations showed variation for age in the Emotional Well Being dimension and variation for sport type in Social Well Being and Psychological Well Being dimensions. More research is needed to continue examining how characteristics of sport participation are related to psychosocial development and mental health.
Um olhar interdisciplinar sobre o trabalho das merendeiras terceirizadas de escolas estaduais do município de Campinas, SP
Authors: Cardillo Viviane Herculiani , Gemma Sandra Francisca Bezerra , Fuentes-Rojas Marta
Published: June 2021

Resumo Introdução: o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) do Brasil é um dos maiores do mundo, porém há poucos estudos que tenham por objeto os responsáveis por sua execução, em especial, as merendeiras. Objetivo: compreender a organização e as características do trabalho das merendeiras, assim como suas consequências, tanto para a implementação do programa de alimentação escolar quanto para as próprias trabalhadoras. Métodos: estudo qualitativo fundamentado na análise ergonômica do trabalho (AET). Os resultados foram discutidos à luz da ergonomia da atividade e da ciência política. Pesquisa realizada em 2017 com oito merendeiras terceirizadas alocadas em três escolas da rede pública estadual em Campinas (SP). Resultados: caracterizou-se o trabalho das merendeiras, seus desafios e desdobramentos. Desvelaram-se as dificuldades da realidade enfrentada nas cozinhas escolares, os principais mecanismos de enfrentamento desenvolvidos por elas para lidar com as demandas do trabalho prescrito pelas instâncias de controle e para viabilizar o trabalho nas condições que lhes são propiciadas. Discutiu-se o papel importante, embora não suficientemente reconhecido, desempenhado por essas profissionais na implementação do PNAE. Conclusão: o duplo olhar teórico possibilitou reconhecer a presença do coping no cotidiano dessas trabalhadoras e permitiu evidenciar os problemas gerados pela terceirização e pela desvalorização do saber prático.
Construção do guia de plantas medicinais de Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
Authors: Feijó Ana Júlia Lobo , Lopes Michael Anderson da Luz , Simionato Cesar Paulo , Biavatti Maique Weber , Marcos Murilo Leandro , Santos Alesio dos Passos , Tesser Charles Dalcanale
Published: June 2021

Há escassez relativa de experiências com plantas medicinais e de orientações para confecção de materiais didáticos sobre elas na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Uma equipe interinstitucional (Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina e Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Florianópolis) produziu um guia de plantas medicinais em Florianópolis, SC. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar essa experiência e o guia, que é voltado para profissionais da APS e que valorizou saberes científicos, populares e profissionais, evitando uma abordagem colonizadora do tema. Após alguns tópicos introdutórios, o guia apresenta 38 plantas medicinais comumente usadas em Florianópolis (nomes científicos e populares; partes usadas; fotos; características botânicas; uso popular; informações científicas; uso clínico; modo de usar; reações adversas e contraindicações; plantas na gestação; toxicidade; glossário; e referências). Espera-se contribuir para a construção de outros guias adaptados aos contextos locais e para a valorização do uso de plantas medicinais na APS.
Growth dynamic on a co-cultivation of two Chlorophyta microalgae exposed to copper
Authors: Dextro Rafael Barty
Published: June 2021

Abstract: Aim Copper is an essential nutrient for the phytoplankton, but it can also act as a toxic agent, depending on its concentration. Considering the continuous increase of this metal in the natural aquatic ecosystems, understanding its actions in co-cultivation scenarios is of great relevance. Experiments with the combination of different species resemble more accurately the natural conditions, in contrast of results obtained in single-species tests, which cannot be directly used to describe observed effects on the environment. Methods Therefore, growth parameters were investigated and compared on the co-cultivation of Chlorella sorokiniana and Kirchneriella obesa and their separate cultures exposed to three different free copper concentrations (control 6x10-9, intermediate 2x10-7 and high 1.5x10-6 mol.L-1 Cu2+). Results C. sorokiniana registered more cells in the control of the unialgal culture while K. obesa had higher cell density in the control of the co-cultivation. Growth rates decreased with the increment of copper in the unialgal conditions. However, both species maintained a high growth rate in the co-cultivation intermediate copper concentrations. Biovolume varied despite the cultivation method, being strongly related to the metal’s concentration. The maximum photosynthetic efficiency decreased in higher copper. Conclusions According to the results observed, no competitive exclusion occurred and both species were affected by copper in unialgal and co-cultivation conditions, with K. obesa being favored by the co-cultivation, which seems to have an attenuation effect on copper toxicity until intermediate concentrations. Ecologically, the results suggest that communities deal better with the toxic effects caused by intermediate copper concentrations than single-species cultures.
Optimisation of chemical constituents on enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation in test-tube and soil
Authors: Ahenkorah Isaac , Rahman Md Mizanur , Karim Md Rajibul , Beecham Simon
Published: June 2021

Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) is a bio-cementation technique and a sustainable method of ground improvement. This study examines the influence of the concentrations of substrates [S 0] and enzymes [E 0] as well as enzyme activity (A E) on the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation ratio (PR) using 130 test-tube experiments. It was found that the effect of enzyme concentration and activity on PR can be explained using a normalisation of [E s] = [E 0] × A E, where [E s] is the adjusted enzyme concentration. PR increased non-linearly with increasing [E s]/[S 0] and reached 100% at a threshold [E s]/[S 0] value of approximately 20 kU/mol. An exponential function was developed that could capture the relationship between PR and [E s]/[S 0] with reasonable accuracy. This observation was further evaluated with data from the literature consisting of a further 100 test-tube experiments. EICP solutions consisting of [E s]/[S 0] = 20 kU/mol were found to be optimum for soil treatment. The established function was later extended to predict strength gain as measured by the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and the splitting tensile strength (STS) for EICP-treated soils and could predict the strength gain (UCS/STS) with reasonable accuracy. Results from scanning electron microscopy images, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction showed that the precipitated calcium carbonate in test tubes and treated soil was mostly calcite crystals with different morphologies, possibly due to the level of purity of the urease enzyme used.
Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing Identifies New Classes of Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells in Kidney Fibrosis
Authors: Lu Yueh-An , Liao Chia-Te , Raybould Rachel , Talabani Bnar , Grigorieva Irina , Szomolay Barbara , Bowen Timothy , Andrews Robert , Taylor Philip R. , Fraser Donald
Published: June 2021

Significance Statement

Proximal tubular cells (PTCs) are numerically the predominant constituent of the kidney and are central to regeneration versus organ fibrosis following injury. However, variations in their phenotype are not well characterized. Single-nuclear RNA sequencing revealed phenotypes of PTCs in normal mouse kidney and changes in kidneys undergoing regeneration and fibrosis following aristolochic acid exposure. Five abundant and four rare PTC phenotypes were found, with abundant clusters mapped to different tubular segments and rare phenotypes mapped to proliferative, dedifferentiated, and fibrosis-associated phenotypes. These data identify unrecognized heterogeneity in PTC phenotypes and reveal novel PTCs associated with kidney fibrosis.

Background

Proximal tubular cells (PTCs) are the most abundant cell type in the kidney. PTCs are central to normal kidney function and to regeneration versus organ fibrosis following injury. This study used single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) to describe the phenotype of PTCs in renal fibrosis.

Methods

Kidneys were harvested from naïve mice and from mice with renal fibrosis induced by chronic aristolochic acid administration. Nuclei were isolated using Nuclei EZ Lysis buffer. Libraries were prepared on the 10× platform, and snRNAseq was completed using the Illumina NextSeq 550 System. Genome mapping was carried out with high-performance computing.

Results

A total of 23,885 nuclei were analyzed. PTCs were found in five abundant clusters, mapping to S1, S1–S2, S2, S2-cortical S3, and medullary S3 segments. Additional cell clusters (“new PTC clusters”) were at low abundance in normal kidney and in increased number in kidneys undergoing regeneration/fibrosis following injury. These clusters exhibited clear molecular phenotypes, permitting labeling as proliferating, New-PT1, New-PT2, and (present only following injury) New-PT3. Each cluster exhibited a unique gene expression signature, including multiple genes previously associated with renal injury response and fibrosis progression. Comprehensive pathway analyses revealed metabolic reprogramming, enrichment of cellular communication and cell motility, and various immune activations in new PTC clusters. In ligand-receptor analysis, new PTC clusters promoted fibrotic signaling to fibroblasts and inflammatory activation to macrophages.

Conclusions

These data identify unrecognized PTC phenotype heterogeneity and reveal novel PTCs associated with kidney fibrosis.
Circulating Soluble Fms-like Tyrosine Kinase in Renal Diseases Other than Preeclampsia
Authors: Wewers Theresa M. , Schulz Annika , Nolte Ingo , Pavenstädt Hermann , Brand Marcus , Di Marco Giovana S.
Published: June 2021

Soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1/sVEGFR1) is a naturally occurring antagonist of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Despite being a secreted, soluble protein lacking cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains, sFlt-1 can act locally and be protective against excessive microenvironmental VEGF concentration or exert autocrine functions independently of VEGF. Circulating sFlt-1 may indiscriminately affect endothelial function and the microvasculature of distant target organs. The clinical significance of excess sFlt-1 in kidney disease was first shown in preeclampsia, a major renal complication of pregnancy. However, circulating sFlt-1 levels appear to be increased in various diseases with varying degrees of renal impairment. Relevant clinical associations between circulating sFlt-1 and severe outcomes (e.g., endothelial dysfunction, renal impairment, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality) have been observed in patients with CKD and after kidney transplantation. However, sFlt-1 appears to be protective against renal dysfunction-associated aggravation of atherosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, in this study, we provide an update on sFlt-1 in several kidney diseases other than preeclampsia, discuss clinical findings and experimental studies, and briefly consider its use in clinical practice.
Impact of Cultural Indicators on the Economic Performance of International Companies
Authors: Kuprina Tamara V. , Ivanova Galina O.
Published: June 2021

Nowadays, international companies are looking for new ways to improve their performance. Most studies on this issue do not consider the social environment and established corporate culture that have a direct impact on economic indicators. Based on econometric data, this research confirms the impact of cultural indicators on the economic activities of international companies in Russia, Germany and Japan, representing national, European and Asian cultures. The quantitative Denison’s method allowed us to examine the corporate culture and assign numerical values to its characteristics. The impact of cultural indicators (engagement, consistency, adaptability, mission) was assessed by means of correlation and regression analysis. According to the data obtained, even though employee engagement is shown to be the most important indicator in general, the performance and economic indicators of various enterprises are affected differently. For Russian companies, the most significant cultural indicators determining the overall performance are adaptability and engagement, as the mission indicator has the least impact. The factors of mission and engagement are of utmost importance for German organisations, while consistency and adaptability are less relevant. The economic performance in Japanese companies is strongly influenced by their mission and consistency, and the indicators of engagement and adaptability are secondary. However, the conducted research does not cover the whole variety of interactions between international companies. Future interdisciplinary studies should examine how cultural indicators influence the economic activity of companies of countries in different world regions. In the context of globalisation and localisation processes, international companies need to adapt their activities, taking into account the local cultural values.
Development Factors of Region’s Foreign Economic Activity in the Context of Global Challenges
Authors: Lavrikova Yuliya G. , Andreeva Elena L. , Ratner Artem V.
Published: June 2021

New global challenges such as COVID-19 pandemic, strengthening of protectionism, production technologies development, digitalisation and energy transition, require reinterpretation of regions’ foreign economic activity (FEA). In this context, the research aims to identify and classify development factors of such activity in regions described in the international scientific literature. We analysed works obtained from international (Scopus and Web of Science) and Russian (Elibrary.ru, journal websites) databases using the search terms “regional foreign economic activity”, “regional export”, “global challenges”, “export support”, “foreign investments”, etc. 143 Russian- and English-language articles and books published in the period 1980–2021 were chosen. Selected works, focused on Russian federal districts and regions, as well as advanced and emerging countries, describe various approaches to examining the specificity and development patterns of world regions. Based on the data, we performed structural analysis of foreign economic activity factors using the method of multi-parameter classification. The revealed factors were compared and divided into homogeneous groups with multilevel structures (macro-groups — groups — subgroups — individual factors). After analysing the variety of approaches, we identified five macro-groups of factors: 1) global challenges and partner country factors; 2) resource, industrial, transport and infrastructure potential; 3) organisational factors (finances, specialists’ skills, business community); 4) investment, innovation and image potential; 5) state support of foreign economic activity. The proposed classification considers the development of global, national, regional entities, as well as FEA participants and individuals, taking into account both direct and indirect factors. The research findings can be used for developing short-, medium- and long-term approaches, models and forecasts of regions’ foreign economic activity.
SELF-REGULATION’S CHARACTERISTICS OF ACTIVITY AS FACTORS OF PROCRASTINATION
Authors:   Perm State University, Rudnova Natalya A.
Published: June 2021

The author regards self-regulation as a significant personality characteristic which plays one of the leading roles in different kinds of activity and determines results. At the same time, procrastination viewed as post-poning of planned actions until a later date reduces effectiveness and success. This study aims to clarify the relation between self-regulation and procrastination. The purpose is to prove that self-regulation components are the predictors for procrastination. The data was collected from 2017 to 2018 via the Internet by means of the survey service SurveyMonkey. The sample consists of 541 persons, the age of the participants of the study varies from 17 to 60 (M = 24.33; SD = 6.96), 59.3 % of them being women. The scale of general pro-crastination by C.H. Lay and the questionnaire «Style of self-regulation of behavior», developed by V.I. Morosanova were used. The results of theoretical analysis prove the validity of the hypothesis. Data analysis shows that the lack of development of self-regulation components stimulates procrastination. In ad-dition, the level of procrastination was found to be connected with sex of the respondents.
SOCIAL RISKS OF INCLUDING INTERNATIONAL LABOUR MIGRANTS IN THE HOST COMMUNITY
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Luzyanina Ekaterina G. , Borodkina Olga I. ,   Saint Petersburg State University
Published: June 2021

International migration is a complex socio-economic process that affects all areas of the society. Russia belongs to the group of world leaders in the number of international immigrants. Most of the labor migrants arrive in Russia from the CIS countries; and in varying degrees, each of them has to face problems of inclusion in the host society. In this article, the process of integration of international immigrants is discussed primarily from the perspective of obtaining and changing their legal status. The analysis of regulatory legal acts, as well as the results of expert interviews conducted with managers and specialists of non-governmental organizations working with migrants, revealed the main barriers for the inclusion of migrants in the host community, as well as the necessary conditions for the successful integration of migrant workers. According to experts, many international migrants are forced to be outside the legal field; one of the reasons is the underdeveloped infrastructure of social institutions that provide services for migrants at all stages of their integration, starting with obtaining the documents necessary for staying in Russia. Moreover, even legal migrants regularly face violations of their labor rights (the absence of an employment contract, pay discrimination, exploitation), which also make difficulties to their inclusion in the host society. The Russian migration policy is focused on the integration and adaptation of international migrants, but this process can be effective only when based on interaction of state structures, local governments, employers, representatives of diasporas, and non-profit organizations.