bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishment of a Daqu Grade Classification Model Based on Computer Vision and Machine Learning
Authors: Zhao Mengke , Han Chaoyue , Xue Tinghui , Ren Chao , Nie Xiao , Jing Xu , Hao Haiyong , Liu Qifang , Jia Liyan
Published: February 2025

The grade of Daqu significantly influences the quality of Baijiu. To address the issues of high subjectivity, substantial labor costs, and low detection efficiency in Daqu grade evaluation, this study focused on light-flavor Daqu and proposed a two-layer classification structure model based on computer vision and machine learning. Target images were extracted using three image segmentation methods: threshold segmentation, morphological fusion, and K-means clustering. Feature factors were selected through methods including mean decrease accuracy based on random forest (RF-MDA), recursive feature elimination (RFE), LASSO regression, and ridge regression. The Daqu grade evaluation model was constructed using support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), and a stacking model. The results indicated the following: (1) In terms of image segmentation performance, the morphological fusion method achieved an accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC of 96.67%, 95.00%, 95.00%, 0.95, and 0.96, respectively. (2) For the classification of Daqu-P, Daqu-F, and Daqu-S, RF models performed best, achieving an accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC of 96.67%, 97.50%, 97.50%, 0.97, and 0.99, respectively. (3) In distinguishing Daqu-P from Daqu-F, the combination of the RF-MDA method and the stacking model demonstrated the best performance, with an accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC of 90.00%, 94.44%, 85.00%, 0.89, and 0.95, respectively. This study provides theoretical and technical support for efficient and objective Daqu grade evaluation.
Curdlan Incorporation Enhances the Cooking, Rheological, and Textural Attributes of Thermally Sterilized Rice Noodles
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Yongxin , Sun Qingjie , Li Man , Wang Yanfei , Xie Fengwei
Published: February 2025

Thermal treatment of rice starch, which is the main ingredient in rice noodles and has cooling-set gelling behavior, can disrupt hydrogen bonding, leading to a compromised gel structure. This can lead to a softer texture and reduced textural attributes and cooking characteristics of rice noodles. This study investigated how thermal sterilization and curdlan integration affect the rheological characteristics, microstructure, and quality of rice noodles. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, kinetic analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that the incorporation of curdlan, a thermally set polysaccharide gel, enhances hydrogen bonding, accelerates gel formation, and yields a denser gel structure to rice noodles. This enhancement improves solid-like behavior, storage modulus, textural properties, and cooking characteristics. Compared to pure rice noodles subjected to thermal sterilization, rice noodles incorporating 2.0% curdlan showed reductions of 74.71% in cooking breakage rate and 68.18% in cooking loss rate. Conversely, hardness and springiness increased by 19.82% and 18.75%, respectively. This study offers valuable insights for developing high-quality fresh rice noodles.
Identifying Premium-Quality Beef in the United States—A Comparison of Beef Palatability from Grain-Finished Young and Mature Beef Cattle with Varying Marbling Scores
Authors: McKinzie Taylor B. , Garmyn Andrea J. , McKinzie Conner C. , Koohmaraie Mohammad , Legako Jerrad F. , Woerner Dale R. , Miller Mark F.
Published: February 2025

The study objective was to compare the palatability of beef strip loin steaks from young and mature grain-finished cattle across a range of marbling scores. Grain-finished beef carcasses were selected from two maturity groups: old maturity (O; >30 months of age) and young maturity (Y; <30 months of age). Within maturity groups, carcasses were selected to represent five marbling degrees—slightly abundant or greater (SLAB), moderate (MD), modest (MT), small (SM), and slight (SL)—resulting in ten treatment groups. Longissimus dorsi samples were removed on day 2 postmortem and cut into 2.5 cm thick steaks for slice shear force measurement, consumer palatability analysis, and proximate analysis. Tenderness, juiciness, flavor liking and intensity, overall liking, acceptability, and willingness to pay were all affected (p < 0.01) by treatment group. Palatability ratings generally decreased as marbling score decreased, but adjacent marbling scores often produced similar eating quality. Maturity had the most apparent impact on tenderness, as Y vs. O maturity samples scored greater (p < 0.05) for tenderness within four of the marbling scores (SLAB, MD, MT, and SL). Maturity had limited to no impact on juiciness, flavor intensity, and flavor liking. SLAB-Y and MD-Y were more liked overall compared to their O counterparts, but no other maturity differences were noted for overall liking within marbling scores. Grain-finished mature cull cows generated a similar or slightly reduced eating experience to young beef, but greater marbling is required to offset tenderness differences in mature beef.
A Review of the Treatments to Reduce Anti-Nutritional Factors and Fluidized Bed Drying of Pulses
Authors: Cheng Shu , Langrish Timothy A. G.
Published: February 2025

Pulses, rich in proteins, dietary fibers, and essential nutrients, play an important role in human nutrition, especially as alternatives to animal proteins. However, the presence of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs), such as trypsin inhibitors, chymotrypsin inhibitors, phytic acid, and tannins, can hinder nutrient absorption, reduce protein digestibility, and impair the overall nutritional value of these foods (pulses). This literature review critically examines fluidized bed drying (FBD) as a promising method for processing pulses, with a focus on the effectiveness of FBD in reducing ANFs while preserving protein quality. The review highlights the impact of FBD on the quality and nutritional properties of pulses, discussing the effect of FBD on different kind of ANFs. Although FBD shows significant potential in reducing certain enzyme inhibitors, it has limitations in removing thermally stable ANFs, such as phytic acid. Furthermore, the review explores energy and exergy efficiencies in FBD systems, emphasizing the need for advanced technologies such as air recycle systems to enhance sustainability. This review identifies significant gaps in existing research, particularly in optimizing FBD methods for the effective removal of ANFs and in developing energy-efficient processing strategies.
Inhibition Mechanism of Cinnamomum burmannii Leaf Essential Oil Against Aspergillus flavus and Aflatoxins
Authors: Liang Huanyan , Lv Feifei , Xian Mengting , Luo Chenghua , Zhang Lei , Yang Meihua , Li Qian , Zhao Xiangsheng
Published: February 2025

This investigation evaluates the comparative efficacy of Cinnamomum burmannii leaf essential oil (YXYO) and its main active ingredients as a novel preservative to protect stored food commodities from fungal infestations, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination caused by Aspergillus flavus. Morphological observations utilizing SEM and TEM revealed significant alterations in treated samples, alongside a decrease in ergosterol content and a dose-dependent disruption of the antioxidant system and energy system. Transcriptomic analysis suggested that differentially expressed genes were predominantly associated with spore growth, the cell wall, the cell membrane, oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and aflatoxin biosynthesis. Solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) identified ten active ingredients in YXYO, including borneol, α-terpineol, terpinen-4-ol, etc. Moreover, an effective inhibition of A. flavus infection in peanuts was observed with the application of 30 μL/disc of YXYO and a blend of its active compounds.
Characterization of New Flavored Oils Obtained Through the Co-Milling of Olives and Vegetable Food Products
Authors: Lazzarini Celeste , Tura Matilde , Mandrioli Mara , Setti Marco , Mokhtari Noureddine , Ait Elkassia Abdelaziz , Barbieri Sara , Valli Enrico , Bendini Alessandra , Gallina Toschi Tullia
Published: February 2025

Consumers are increasingly attracted to innovative, gourmand, and sustainable food products. This has led to a growing interest in flavored olive oils through co-milling processing. This study explores the production and characterization of flavored olive oils obtained by co-milling olives with orange pomace, black pepper, and hemp seeds, aiming to enhance their sensory and compositional properties while promoting sustainability through the valorization of agri-food by-products. The flavored olive oils and their control samples were analyzed for free acidity, tocopherols, phenolic compounds, volatiles, and sensory profiles. The flavored oils exhibited an acceptable hydrolytic state and peculiar sensory notes, depending on the ingredients used, as well as enhanced compositional qualities. This research highlights the potential of using oranges and hemp by-products in flavored oil production, offering an innovative approach to reducing food waste, with the possibility of future industrial applications.
Freshness and Spoilage Patterns of Wild and Farmed Tropical Fish Species with Major Commercial Importance Originating from Saudi Arabian Waters
Authors: Grigorakis Kriton , Kogiannou Dimitra , Kotsiri Mado , Kleidas Ioannis , de Mello Paulo H. , Habiballah Salaheldeen , Alshaikhi Ali , Alhafedh Youssef S. , Mohamed Asaad H. W.
Published: February 2025

Ice-stored farmed barramundi (Lates calcarifer), snubnose pompano (Trachinotus blochii) and sobaity bream (Sparidentex hasta), as well as wild-caught cobia (Rachycentron canadum), coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus), giant trevally (Caranx ignobilis), milkfish (Chanos chanos) and mangrove red snapper (Lutjanus argentimaculatus), were compared for their freshness/spoilage using sensory, chemical and microbiological methods. Quality Index Method schemes were developed to determine alterations in the sensory freshness. The shelf lives ranged from 8 (coral trout) to 18 days (sobaity bream). The farmed species always exhibited a significantly longer shelf life than the wild-caught species. The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) breakdown followed different patterns in the studied species. The K-values at the time of sensory rejection ranged from 30 to 80% depending on the species, while the microbial load reached or exceeded a level of 6 log cfu/g. Although the shelf life duration was dependent on the origin of the fish (wild or farmed), the ATP breakdown scheme, as well as the K-values and microbial loads at the time of rejection, were species-dependent and independent of the origin.
Discovery of Arylfuran and Carbohydrate Derivatives from the BraCoLi Library as Potential Zika Virus NS3pro Inhibitors
Authors: Marcelino e Oliveira Fernanda Kelly , Murta Rezende Moraes Ribeiro Beatriz , Gonçalves de Oliveira Ellen , Mol Sena Andrade Verzola Marina , Kronenberger Thales , Gonçalves Maltarollo Vinícius , Alves Ricardo José , Barbosa de Oliveira Renata , Salgado Ferreira Rafaela , Santos Abrahão Jônatas , Sá Magalhães Serafim Mateus
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Zika fever is a disease caused by the Zika virus (ZIKV). Symptomatic cases may be associated with neurological disorders in adults, as well as congenital Zika syndrome and other birth defects during pregnancy. In 2016, Zika fever was considered a public health problem by the World Health Organization (WHO), highlighting the need to develop new therapies against the disease. Currently, there is no antiviral or vaccine available to treat or prevent severe cases. Due to the lack of available therapeutics and few promising hit molecules, we computationally screened the well-described ZIKV protease (NS3pro) as a drug target to revisit the small-molecule database Brazilian Compound Library (BraCoLi) and select potential inhibitors. Methods: We employed a consensus docking screening of a library of 1176 compounds using GOLD and DockThor. We selected 28 hits based on predicted binding affinity, and only the remnants of three compounds were available in the library at the time of this study for experimental validation. The hits were evaluated for their cytotoxic (CC50) and effective concentrations (EC50) for their potential antiviral activity in Vero cells. Results: The three hit compounds presented modest CC50 values of 89.15 ± 3.72, >100, and 29.67 ± 1.01 μM, with the latter, a carbohydrate derivative, having an EC50 value of >12.5 μM (~40% inhibition) against ZIKV PE243. Additionally, the essentially non-toxic compound, an arylfuran derivative, also inhibited the ZIKV NS3pro with an IC50 value of 17 μM but presented evidence of acting through a promiscuous mechanism for enzyme inhibition. Conclusion: This study highlights the relevance of revisiting existing small-molecule assets to identify novel therapeutic starting points against ZIKV, aiming for potential lead candidates in the future.
Foraging Behavior, Botanical Composition, and Quality of Beef Cattle Diets on Burned Versus Unburned Foothill Rangelands
Authors: Kluth Janessa , Davis Noah G. , Wyffels Samuel A. , Marlow Clayton B. , Vermeire Lance T. , Sitz Taylre E. , Hamilton Thomas G. , DelCurto Timothy
Published: February 2025

Current management paradigms suggest deferring grazing rangeland for two years post-fire to avoid additional stress on native grass species, but there is little research supporting these recommendations. This study was conducted within and adjacent to the burn area of a wildfire to evaluate the differences in diet quality, botanical composition, and foraging behavior of beef cattle on burned and unburned rangeland in the spring and fall of the year following a fire. Diet composition and masticate samples were collected during 20 min bite-count periods using six ruminally cannulated cows in burned and unburned sites in June and September. Diets differed between burned and unburned sites across seasons, but the differences were most apparent in June. Cattle grazed more selectively on burned sites in June, consuming a higher quality diet dominated by forbs. In September, cattle shifted to grass-dominated diets with fewer differences between burned and unburned sites. This indicates that the nutritional flush on post-fire rangelands may be minimized by the end of the first growing season post-fire. Additionally, in the first spring post-fire, cattle may shift grazing pressure away from vulnerable perennial native grass species to the early-seral forbs, commonly associated with the post-fire environment.
Exploring Exercise Addiction, Self-Esteem, and Early Maladaptive Schemas: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Female University Students
Authors: Olave Leticia , Iruarrizaga Itziar , Macía Patricia , Momeñe Janire , Estévez Ana , Muñiz José Antonio , Peñacoba Cecilia
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Although physical exercise provides numerous health benefits, it can occasionally become addictive, leading to negative consequences for physical and mental health. Specifically, the role of maladaptive schemas in the relationship between exercise addiction and self-esteem underscores the importance of addressing these cognitive patterns in therapeutic settings to develop practical interventions that enhance exercise with healthier self-perceptions. This study aims to analyze the role of early maladaptive schemas in the relationship between exercise addiction and self-esteem. Methods: The design of this study is non-experimental, correlational, and cross-sectional. The sample comprised 788 university women students (mean age 20.39 years, SD = 2.28). Results: Exercise addiction is negatively associated with self-esteem and shows positive but weak correlations with most early maladaptive schemas, except for Impaired Autonomy. A mediating effect was identified for Disconnection and Rejection (β = −0.08, p = 0.008), Impaired Limits (β = −0.03, p = 0.019), Other Directedness (β = −0.04, p = 0.032), and Over-Vigilance and Inhibition (β = −0.05, p < 0.001). Full mediation was observed for Disconnection and Rejection and Over-Vigilance and Inhibition, while Impaired Limits and Other Directedness showed partial mediation. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the decrease in self-esteem among individuals with exercise addiction could be explained by the activation of maladaptive schemas that influence exercise motivation, with Over-Vigilance and Inhibition standing out in particular. Furthermore, it is necessary to develop cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based interventions focused on modifying early maladaptive schemas and strengthening self-esteem. Additionally, it would be advisable to implement educational programs in university and sports settings that promote well-being and enjoyment over the pursuit of external validation or obsession with body image. These strategies could help prevent exercise addiction and mitigate its negative effects on self-esteem.
The Impact and Burden of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps on Patients and Their Family Caregivers: A Nationally Representative Survey
Authors: Malvezzi Luca , Seccia Veronica , Moffa Antonio , Canevari Frank Rikki Mauritz , Baiardini Ilaria , Barbaglia Simona , Battistini Mattia , Cantoni Eleonora , Cipriani Filippo , Pirronello Marta , Sala Giovanna , Stassaldi Annalisa , De Corso Eugenio
Published: February 2025

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with frustrating symptoms, particularly nasal obstruction and loss of smell. We conducted a patient survey on the significant burden of the disease, with a specific focus on conditions that affect health, sleep quality, absenteeism, and presenteeism, including the caregivers’ perspectives. Methods: An online questionnaire was sent to 4230 randomly selected recipients, and 200 matched the inclusion criteria for self-reported CRSwNPs symptoms. A total of 100 participants not matching the inclusion criteria for CRSwNPs were recruited as a control group. The study also collected the perspectives of 50 caregivers. Results: Patients with CRSwNPs experienced very bothersome symptoms, such as nasal congestion, headache, and rhinorrhoea, with a profound impact on their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The patients and their caregivers showed significantly lower quality of sleep, experiencing a poor night’s sleep on average 72.1 and 51.7 days per year, respectively. Smell and taste impairments significantly impacted patients’ social and working lives, with 39.5% feeling in danger because of hyposmia and 34.5% because of limited taste. Out-of-pocket costs were up to EUR 40/month for 68.5% of patients. CRSwNPs alone was responsible for an average of 24.7 days of absenteeism and 25.1 days of presenteeism. Conclusions: Our results highlight how CRSwNPs has a negative impact on patients’ and caregivers’ HRQoL. Most bothersome and health-conditioning symptoms involve nose symptoms and poor sleep quality, resulting in patient absenteeism and presenteeism with a strong burden on cognitive and emotional functioning for both patients and their caregivers.
Reconstructing Saint Mark’s Square in Venice: A 4D Model with Point Cloud Integration for Analyzing Historiographical Hypotheses
Authors: di Lenardo Isabella , Vaienti Beatrice , Guhennec Paul , Ubelmann Yves , Bianchi Irene , Kaplan Frédéric
Published: February 2025

This study explores the 4D reconstruction of part of the monumental heritage of St. Mark’s Square in Venice, contextualizing the modeling of its evolution in the broader field of digital historiography. The presented methodology is based on comparing the plausibility of proposed 3D models with current point cloud and historiographical hypotheses that have been compared to the problem of planimetric and volumetric simulation of buildings. Methods include integrating 3D modeling with temporal data to simulate architectural and urban evolution, providing a dynamic and problematic visualization of historical changes and identifying discordant historiographical assumptions. Aligning 3D model reconstructions with the current point cloud provides a better understanding of the plausibility of reconstructions proposed by historiography while identifying potential errors and inconsistencies in some historical documentary sources on which reconstructive approaches are often based. For the reconstructions proposed here, the paper provides an assessment of the level of uncertainty based on some recent notions related to quantifying average uncertainty. Although preliminary, these results provide a basis for testing hypotheses about Venice’s architectural past. Moreover, they open up a new, more generic perspective for the analysis of architectural–urban transformations, based on the notion of planimetric and volumetric constraints, and their comparison with current point cloud records. Using this methodology, we are able to make some solid points with respect to reconstructive hypotheses of the past and indicate which historiographical theories are more plausible than others.
Ecological Pea Production in Hungary: Integrating Conservation Tillage with the Application of Rhizobium spp., Ensifer spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Bacillus spp. Bacterial Inoculants for Sustainable Farming
Authors: Marjanović Jana , Zubairu Abdulrahman Maina , Varga Sandor , Turdalieva Shokhista , Döbröntey Réka Erika , Fodor Mária Ágnes , Ujj Apolka
Published: February 2025

This study examines the impact of agroecological practices on soil quality and crop yields in small-scale farming, focusing on the combination of microbial soil inoculation, crop rotation, and conservation tillage methods. Conducted at the SZIA Agroecological Garden MATE in Gödöllő, Hungary, the experiment used 12 plots, employing various conservation tillage techniques, including soil loosening with and without microbial inoculants, as well as no-till systems with and without inoculation. Six of the plots were inoculated with beneficial bacteria to enhance nitrogen fixation, phosphorus mobility, nutrient solubilization, phytohormone production, and pathogen suppression. In 2024, peas (Pisum sativum L.) were planted following potatoes in a small-scale market-oriented crop rotation, with the continuous monitoring of crop performance and soil characteristics. This ongoing study focuses on evaluating the long-term effects of crop rotation on key agricultural parameters, aiming to optimize practices over time. Statistical analysis (one-way ANOVA) revealed no significant differences across most parameters (p > 0.05), except for total sugar content (p < 0.05), which aligns with expectations given the limited tillage prior to the study. The standard significance level of p < 0.05 was used to balance error risks, ensure adequate statistical power, and maintain consistency with established agricultural research practices. However, the study trends indicated potential long-term benefits, particularly in plots with microbial inoculants, where pea yield and pod size showed improvement compared to non-inoculated and control plots. Microbial inoculants may show long-term effects, as they gradually improve soil health, support microbial communities, and enhance nutrient cycling, which takes time to become noticeable. These findings highlight the potential advantages of combining conservation tillage with microbial inoculants, suggesting that this combination could foster enhanced soil health and productivity over time. The novel setting of this study underscores the importance of long-term monitoring to fully capture the benefits of agroecological interventions, emphasizing their role in achieving sustainable agricultural practices and improving small-scale farming outcomes.
Dependence of Soil Moisture and Strength on Topography and Vegetation Varies Within a SMAP Grid Cell
Authors: Bindner Joseph R. , Proulx Holly , Wickham Kevin , Niemann Jeffrey D. , Scalia Joseph , Green Timothy R. , Grazaitis Peter J.
Published: February 2025

Off-road vehicle mobility assessments rely on fine-resolution (~10 m) estimates of soil moisture and strength across the region of interest. Such estimates are often produced by downscaling soil moisture from a microwave satellite like SMAP, then using the soil moisture in a soil strength model. Soil moisture downscaling methods typically assume consistent relationships between the moisture and topographic, vegetation, and soil composition characteristics within the microwave satellite grid cells. The objective of this study is to examine whether soil moisture and strength exhibit heterogenous dependencies on topography, vegetation, and soil composition characteristics within a SMAP grid cell. Soil moisture and strength data were collected at four geographically separated regions within a 9 km SMAP grid cell in the Front Range foothills of northern Colorado. Laboratory methods and pedotransfer functions were used to characterize soil attributes, and remote sensing data were used to determine topographic and vegetation attributes. Pearson correlation analyses were used to quantify the direction, strength, and significance of the relationships of both soil moisture and strength with topography, vegetation, and soil composition. Contrary to the common assumption, spatial variations in the slope and correlation of the relationships are observed for both soil moisture and strength. The findings indicate that improved predictions of soil moisture and soil strength may be achievable by soil moisture downscaling procedures that use spatially variable parameters across the downscaling extent.
Validation of the Canadian English and French Versions of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale in Quebec Nursing Staff
Authors: Gélinas Céline , Maheu-Cadotte Marc-André , Di Nardo Élisabeth , Lavoie-Tremblay Mélanie , Gallani Maria Cecilia , Gosselin Émilie , Maheu Christine , Lambert Sylvie D. , Richard-Lalonde Melissa , Tchouaket Nguemeleu Eric , Côté José
Published: February 2025

Nursing staff have been at the forefront of the pandemic, reporting high traumatic stress and anxiety levels related to high fear of COVID-19. Recommendations from previous studies include using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) as a screening tool to identify any individuals who may benefit from targeted psychological support. Thus far, the accuracy of the Canadian English and French versions of FCV-19S to detect high levels of traumatic stress and anxiety symptoms has not been examined. The objectives of this methodological psychometric study were to examine among nursing staff: (a) the structure and internal consistency of the Canadian versions of the FCV-19S and (b) its ability in detecting high levels of traumatic stress and anxiety symptoms. An anonymous online survey was distributed among nursing staff (n = 387) in the province of Quebec (Canada). This survey included the FCV-19S and scales measuring their traumatic stress (PCL-5) and anxiety symptoms (GAD-7). Exploratory factor analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed. The one-factor structure of the FCV-19S was supported (Cronbach alpha = 0.87). The FCV-19S showed better accuracy for the detection of traumatic stress (area under the curve (AUC) 0.75 [95% CI 0.68, 0.82]) in comparison to anxiety symptoms (AUC 0.65 [95% CI 0.60, 0.74]). The FCV-19S may benefit from adaptation for its use in nursing staff and in a future pandemic context.
Understanding Urban Park-Based Social Interaction in Shanghai During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights from Large-Scale Social Media Analysis
Authors: Wang Haotian , Su Tianyu , Zhao Wanting
Published: February 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the role of urban parks as green spaces in mitigating social isolation and supporting public mental health. Research in this area is limited due to the lack of large-scale datasets. Moreover, timely studies are indeed necessary under pandemic conditions. This study employs quantitative methods to analyze the temporal and spatial changes in social interaction in 160 urban parks before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic, and assesses their correlation with the built environment. Social media data from the Dianping platform were collected for this purpose. A two-step analytical approach was employed: first, machine learning-based keyword analysis identified review data related to social interaction, leading to the construction of two indicators: social interaction intensity and social interaction recovery rate. Second, we applied regression models to explore the correlation between the two indicators in urban parks and 18 characteristics of the built environment. The built environment characteristics associated with social interaction intensity varied across different periods, with seven factors, including natural landscapes, perceptual experience, building density, and road intersections, showing significant correlations with the recovery of social interaction capabilities in the post-pandemic era. Based on these findings, it is recommended that urban planners consider integrating more flexible design element, such as adding greenery and enriching the audio-visual experience for visitors. Furthermore, enhancing the quality and accessibility of park amenities can foster social interaction, thereby contributing to public health resilience in future crises. This research recommends that urban park design should not only support communities’ immediate needs but also prepare for unforeseen challenges.
Selective Control by Pistacia vera L. and Its Carotenoid Zeaxanthin on SARS-CoV-2 Virus
Authors: Pennisi Rosamaria , Gentile Davide , Trischitta Paola , Barreca Davide , Rescifina Antonio , Mandalari Giuseppina , Sciortino Maria Teresa
Published: February 2025

Since the onset of the COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease 19) pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 has exhibited a high transmission rate, further enhanced by new variants able to better adapt to humans. Addressing this issue has been challenging due to viral resistance and side effects associated with antiviral drugs and vaccines. As a result, there has been a growing interest in plant-derived compounds with antiviral properties. Our study revealed that pistachio extracts significantly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 viral entry. Employing pseudotyped particles bearing the S protein of SARS-CoV-2, we demonstrated that treatment with pistachio extracts inhibited binding of alpha (α) and omicron (ο) SARS-CoV-2 variants. Furthermore, our study revealed that the pistachio carotenoid zeaxanthin exhibited a different inhibitory activity against two SARS-CoV-2 variants. In silico analyses demonstrated a strong interaction between zeaxanthin and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) domain of the omicron spike (S) protein, thus reducing pseudovirus entry. However, zeaxanthin’s weaker interaction with the alpha variant’s RBD was insufficient to inhibit entry. Additionally, zeaxanthin suppressed the expression of the host protease TMPRSS2 at the protein level, thereby limiting the internalization of the alpha variant, which relies on TMPRSS2 for cellular entry.
Resveratrol Attenuates Fibrosis and Alters Signaling Pathways in Diabetic Cardiac and Skeletal Muscles and Adipose Tissue Without Reversing Structural Damage
Authors: Strunz Célia Maria Cássaro , Roggerio Alessandra , Cruz Paula Lázara , Benvenuti Luiz Alberto , Irigoyen Maria Cláudia , Mansur Antonio de Padua
Published: February 2025

Resveratrol (RSV) improves metabolic functions, but its tissue-specific effects on diabetes remain unclear. This study investigated RSV’s impact on molecular pathways in an experimental model of diabetes in cardiac and skeletal muscles and adipose tissue. Wistar rats were assigned to control (C), control treated with RSV (RC), diabetic (D), and diabetic treated with RSV (RD). Diabetes was induced using streptozotocin and nicotinamide, and RSV was administered for six weeks. In diabetic rats, RSV treatment significantly reduced collagen accumulation in cardiac and skeletal muscle tissues compared to untreated diabetic controls, although it did not restore muscle mass. Adipose tissue in diabetic rats exhibited a significant reduction of 3.4 times in collagen levels following RSV treatment. However, this reduction was not associated with any measurable improvement in tissue function. In cardiac tissue, RSV downregulated phosphorylated protein kinase B (AKT)/AKT and phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6)/rpS6 while mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity remained unchanged. In skeletal muscle, RSV suppressed rpS6 phosphorylation without affecting (mTOR) signaling. RSV enhanced mTOR and Beclin-1 expression in adipose tissue, though metabolic dysfunction persisted. RSV reduced receptors for advanced glycation end-product expression in all tissues, indicating the modulation of hyperglycemia-driven pathways. RSV improved fibrosis and signaling pathways but failed to reverse abnormal tissue growth patterns, including cardiac hypertrophy, skeletal muscle atrophy, and adipose tissue atrophy.
zDHHC-Mediated S-Palmitoylation in Skin Health and Its Targeting as a Treatment Perspective
Authors: Abdulrahman Farah A. , Benford King A. , Lin Gregory T. , Maroun Andrew J. , Sammons Caleb , Shirzad Darya N. , Tsai Harrison , Van Brunt Vincent L. , Jones Zack , Marquez Jafet E. , Ratkus Evan C. , Shehadeh Abdulrahman K. , Abasto Valle Hugo , Fejzo Dea , Gilbert Ashlynn E. , McWee Catherine A. , Underwood Lexie F. , Indico Ethny , Rork Brittany B. , Nanjundan Meera
Published: February 2025

S-acylation, which includes S-palmitoylation, is the only known reversible lipid-based post-translational protein modification. S-palmitoylation is mediated by palmitoyl acyltransferases (PATs), a family of 23 enzymes commonly referred to as zDHHCs, which catalyze the addition of palmitate to cysteine residues on specific target proteins. Aberrant S-palmitoylation events have been linked to the pathogenesis of multiple human diseases. While there have been advances in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of various skin conditions, there remain gaps in the knowledge, specifically with respect to the contribution of S-palmitoylation to the maintenance of skin barrier function. Towards this goal, we performed PubMed literature searches relevant to S-palmitoylation in skin to define current knowledge and areas that may benefit from further research studies. Furthermore, to identify alterations in gene products that are S-palmitoylated, we utilized bioinformatic tools such as SwissPalm and analyzed relevant data from publicly available databases such as cBioportal. Since the targeting of S-palmitoylated targets may offer an innovative treatment perspective, we surveyed small molecules inhibiting zDHHCs, including 2-bromopalmitate (2-BP) which is associated with off-target effects, and other targeting strategies. Collectively, our work aims to advance both basic and clinical research on skin barrier function with a focus on zDHHCs and relevant protein targets that may contribute to the pathogenesis of skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and skin cancers including melanoma.
Motor and Non-Motor Effects of Acute MPTP in Adult Zebrafish: Insights into Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Tagkalidou Niki , Stevanović Marija , Romero-Alfano Irene , Elizalde-Velázquez Gustavo Axel , Herrera-Vázquez Selene Elizabeth , Prats Eva , Gómez-Canela Cristian , Gómez-Oliván Leobardo Manuel , Raldúa Demetrio
Published: February 2025

Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to motor and non-motor symptoms. The neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) has been extensively used in different animal species to develop chemical models of PD. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of acute exposure to MPTP (3 × 150 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) on adult zebrafish by assessing the neurochemical, transcriptional, and motor changes associated with PD pathogenesis. MPTP treatment resulted in a significant decrease in brain catecholamines, including dopamine, norepinephrine, and normetanephrine. Additionally, a trend towards decreased levels of dopamine precursors (tyrosine and L-DOPA) and degradation products (3-MT and DOPAC) was also observed, although these changes were not statistically significant. Gene expression analysis showed the downregulation of dbh, while the expression of other genes involved in catecholamine metabolism (th1, th2, mao, comtb) and transport (slc6a3 and slc18a2) remained unaltered, suggesting a lack of dopaminergic neuron degeneration. Behavioral assessments revealed that MPTP-exposed zebrafish exhibited reduced motor activity, consistent with the observed decrease in dopamine levels. In contrast, the kinematic parameters of sharp turning were unaffected. A significant impairment in the sensorimotor gating of the ASR was detected in the MPTP-treated fish, consistent with psychosis. Despite dopamine depletion and behavioral impairments, the absence of neurodegeneration and some hallmark PD motor symptoms suggests limitations in the validity of this model for fully recapitulating PD pathology. Further studies are needed to refine the use of MPTP in zebrafish PD models.
Proteomics and Expression of HIF2α/BNIP3L Signaling in Yak Brains at Different Altitudes
Authors: Zhang Qian , Cui Yan , Yu Sijiu , He Junfeng , Pan Yangyang , Wang Meng , Che Jialing
Published: February 2025

The yak, a unique inhabitant of low-oxygen environments, exhibits brain adaptability to hypoxic conditions. However, the impact of hypoxia on yak brain proteomics and the expression of the HIF2α/BNIP3L signaling pathway remains unexplored. This study utilized TMT-based proteomics analysis to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the cerebral cortexes of 9-month-old yaks at high (n = 3) and low (n = 3) altitudes. Additionally, qRT-PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence were used to analyze HIF2α, BNIP3L, Beclin1, LC3-II, and cleaved caspase-3 expression in various brain regions from both altitude groups. KEGG analysis revealed that the DEPs were mainly concentrated in the synthesis and metabolism, DNA replication, and repair pathways. Specifically, the autophagy in KEGG attracted our attention due to its absence in other animals. HIF2α, BNIP3L, Beclin1, and LC3-II in the autophagy pathway increased significantly. Furthermore, the results of qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed that, at the same altitude, the mRNA and protein levels of HIF2α, BNIP3L, LC3-II, and Beclin1 in the cerebral cortexes and hippocampi of yaks were significantly higher than those in the thalami, medulla oblongatae, and cerebella (p < 0.05), while the expression of cleaved caspase-3 was not significantly different among the regions (p > 0.05). Additionally, within the same brain region, the expression levels of HIF2α, BNIP3L, Beclin1, and LC3-II in high-altitude yaks were higher than those in low-altitude yaks. Moreover, there was no difference in the cleaved caspase-3 mRNA and protein expression between the high-altitude and low-altitude yaks. Immunohistochemistry revealed that HIF2α-positive signaling was expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of neurons, while BNIP3L, LC3-II, Beclin1, and cleaved caspase-3 were concentrated in the cytoplasm. The immunofluorescence results showed that HIF2α, BNIP3L, LC3-II, Beclin1, cleaved caspase-3, and NeuN were co-located in the neurons of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum, respectively. This study offers a complete characterization of the yak cerebral cortex proteome at different altitudes. The higher expression of HIF2α, BNIP3L, Beclin1, and LC3-II in the cerebral cortexes and hippocampi of yaks indicates that these brain regions are more resistant to hypoxia. In addition, the increased HIF2α/BNIP3L signaling in the high-altitude yaks may enhance brain tissue adaptation to hypoxic conditions.
Genome-Wide Investigation of MADS-Box Genes in Flower Development and Environmental Acclimation of Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt
Authors: Zhang Linbi , Yang Yuchen , Zhang Ying , Yang Fusun
Published: February 2025

Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt is an endangered mangrove species in China. Low fecundity and environmental pressure are supposed to be key factors limiting the population expansion of L. littorea. Transcription factors with the MADS-box domain are crucial regulators of plant flower development, reproduction, and stress response. In this study, we performed a comprehensive investigation into the features and functions of MADS-box genes of L. littorea. Sixty-three LlMADS genes with similar structure and motif composition were identified in the L. littorea genome, and these genes were unevenly distributed on the 11 chromosomes. Segmental duplication was suggested to make a main contribution to the expansion of the LlMADS gene family. Some LIMADS genes exhibited differential expression in different flower types or in response to cold stress. Overexpression of the B-class gene LlMADS37 had substantial effects on the flower morphology and flowering time of transgenic Arabidopsis plants, demonstrating its key role in regulating flower morphogenesis and inflorescence. These findings largely enrich our understanding of the functional importance of MADS-box genes in the inflorescence and stress acclimation of L. littorea and provide valuable resources for future genetic research to improve the conservation of this species.
Integrated Multiomics Analysis Sheds Light on the Mechanisms of Color and Fragrance Biosynthesis in Wintersweet Flowers
Authors: Fu Xuemei , Wang Huabo , Tao Xiang , Liu Yuting , Chen Longqing , Yang Nan
Published: February 2025

Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox) is known for its flowering in winter and its rich floral aroma; the whole flower is yellow and the inner petals are red. In this study, we chose the wintersweet genotypes HLT040 and HLT015 as the research materials, and studied the co-regulatory mechanism of color and fragrance of wintersweet through metabolomics and transcriptomics. This study found that there were more flavonoids in HLT015, and anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside) were only present in HLT015, but HLT040 contained more monoterpenes and FVBPs (phenylpropanoid volatile compounds) than HLT015. We constructed putative benzenoids and phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway as well as terpene metabolism pathways. We found some linkages between the different structural genes and metabolites for flower color and fragrance in wintersweet, and screened out 39 TFs that may be related to one or more structural genes in benzenoids and phenylpropanoid or terpene metabolism pathways. In the yeast one-hybrid assay, we found that CpERF7 was able to interact with the promoter of CpANS1, while CpbHLH50 and CpMYB21 interacted with the promoter of CpTPS4. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the co-regulatory mechanism of color and fragrance in wintersweet.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Extensive Heterogeneity and Unique Gene Trajectories in Non-Transformed and Transformed Human Lung Epithelial Cells: Insights into the Role of LncRNAs in Tumor Heterogeneity
Authors: Moeng Sokviseth , Chamorro-Parejo Andres D. , Jeon Minsun S. , Cai James J. , Ramos Kenneth S.
Published: February 2025

Lung cancer exhibits substantial inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity, with features that present significant challenges in advancing biomarker discovery and the development of targeted therapeutics. To fill this gap, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and advanced bioinformatics tools to evaluate the transcriptomic heterogeneity of immortalized, non-transformed (BEAS2B) and transformed (H460) lung epithelial cell lines and their responses to carcinogen challenge. Gene expression profiles resolved four primary clusters further discretized into unique subclusters based on genetic signatures and phenotypic profiles. Profiles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) identified microRNA host genes, antisense RNA genes, divergent transcript, and long intergenic non-coding RNAs as contributors to cellular heterogeneity. These findings indicate that distinct patterns of gene expression, remarkably in lncRNAs, define cellular heterogeneity in non-transformed versus transformed cells. These features can be exploited for the development of therapies directed at specific cell subpopulations in precancerous lesions and within lung tumors.
Effect of Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 on Melanocyte Proliferation in Tissue-Engineered Skin Substitutes
Authors: Ferland Karel , Magne Brice , De Koninck Henri , Barbier Martin A. , Larouche Danielle , Germain Lucie
Published: February 2025

Burn patients treated with tissue-engineered skin substitutes (TESs) often experience pigmentation irregularities, including hypopigmentation and pigmentation spots. These issues are thought to stem from the reduced presence of melanocytes through dilution during TES manufacturing. To address this, we hypothesized that supplementing epithelial cell cultures—primarily composed of keratinocytes but also containing melanocytes—with Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF-2), a known promoter of melanocyte proliferation, could enhance melanocyte growth. This would potentially increase their numbers in TESs and improve pigmentation outcomes. Our findings indicate that FGF-2, at an optimal dose of 0.2 nM, effectively maintains melanocyte numbers in 2D cultures and epithelial cell cultures through the first passage. Importantly, this treatment does not interfere with keratinocyte proliferation or differentiation, nor does it affect TES integrity. However, FGF-2 supplementation alone did not increase the proportion of melanocytes in epithelial cultures beyond the first passage or in TESs. In summary, while FGF-2 supports melanocyte growth in culture, its addition alone was insufficient to significantly improve TES pigmentation.
Influence of Super-Low-Intensity Microwave Radiation on Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Artamonov Mikhail Yu. , Pyatakovich Felix A. , Minenko Inessa A.
Published: February 2025

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising tool for regenerative medicine due to their multipotency and immunomodulatory properties. According to recent research, exposing MSCs to super-low-intensity microwave radiation can have a significant impact on how they behave and operate. This review provides an overview of the most recent studies on the effects of microwave radiation on MSCs with power densities that are much below thermal values. Studies repeatedly show that non-thermal mechanisms affecting calcium signaling, membrane transport, mitochondrial activity, along ion channel activation may increase MSC proliferation, differentiation along mesodermal lineages, paracrine factor secretion, and immunomodulatory capabilities during brief, regulated microwave exposures. These bioeffects greatly enhance MSC regeneration capability in preclinical models of myocardial infarction, osteoarthritis, brain damage, and other diseases. Additional study to understand microwave treatment settings, biological processes, and safety assessments will aid in the translation of this unique, non-invasive strategy of activating MSCs with microwave radiation to improve cell engraftment, survival, and tissue healing results. Microwave-enhanced MSC treatment, if shown safe and successful, might have broad relevance as a novel cell-based approach for a variety of regenerative medicine applications.