bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Porticus «ad Nationes» en el Foro de Augusto : una hipótesis topográfica
Authors: Monterroso Checa Antonio
Published: April 2018

Queremos reconsiderar aquí dos problemas topográficos que revisten un notable interés : la ubicación de la porticus «ad nationes» y la probable existencia de un programa ecuménico en escultura en el Foro de Augusto. En nuestra opinión la porticus y las esculturas compartieron un emplazamiento común : precisamente el primer foro imperial de Roma. Se trata de una hipótesis nueva (y estrictamente sólo de una hipótesis) que pretende simplemente proponer una solución, quizás la más sencilla, para estos dos temas de topografía romana aun no resueltos, que en su problemática particular unen en una lógica semántica coherente parte del simbolismo ecuménico que tanto el teatro de Pompeyo como el Foro de Augusto tuvieron en su concepción.
Il Sant’Uffizio e il battesimo di necessità (secc. XIX-XX)
Authors: Betta Emmanuel
Published: April 2018

La condizione di necessità prevede una deroga specifica rispetto alla norma del rito sacramentale, relativa allo spazio e al ministro, che si palesa come particolarmente delicata nell’amministrazione del battesimo. I timori per la validità del rito così amministrato hanno spesso determinato una tensione tra il piano normativo e disciplinare, precisato dal Concilio di Trento e il livello delle pratiche con il loro portato simbolico informale decisivo per gli equilibri interni alla comunità. Il saggio analizzerà i dubia de baptismo relativi al battesimo di necessità giunti alla Congregazione del Sant’Uffizio tra la fine dell’Ottocento e i primi decenni del secolo successivo e mostrerà come in questo frangente, la condizione principale che determina i timori sulla validità del battesimo di necessità nel clero e nella comunità, è quella che coinvolge soggetti e spazi del governo della salute (levatrici, infermiere, medici, ospedali), verso i cui moventi e culture agisce una aprioristica sfiducia che motiva un approccio tuziorista, in contrasto con le prescrizioni normative.
L’Inquisition romaine à la découverte des Lumières : la double censure de l’Encyclopédie
Authors: Maire Catherine
Published: April 2018

À partir de la double censure de l’Encyclopédie, celle modérée de la congrégation de l’Index, suivie de celle beaucoup plus sévère du Saint-Office, l’article s’efforce de préciser et de réévaluer les modalités intellectuelles et en particulier jansénistes du tournant zelante dont Mario Rosa avait décrit les coulisses au sein de la curie durant les années 1758-1759. L’étude minutieuse des deux dossiers replacés dans l’économie générale des mises à l’index d’ouvrages français dans la premier moitié du XVIIIe siècle permet de suivre l’émergence de la prise de conscience, dans l’esprit des qualificateurs et des consulteurs romains, des dangers d’une entreprise éditoriale dissimulant habilement l’action concertée d’un groupe, véritable complot contre l’Église et la Religion, nouvelle forme d’hérésie, celle de l’indépendance humaine, celle des «Lumières» radicalement opposées à la «Lumière naturelle» du christianisme.
L’époque des «Illusions perdues» : la censure des livres à Paris au temps de Balzac (1814-1830)
Authors: Granata Veronica
Published: April 2018

Les journaux et le journalisme ont été longuement considérés par l’historiographie comme la sève politique de la société française durant les années qui précédent la Révolution de 1830. Le livre et, en général, la presse non périodique, jouent pourtant un rôle crucial dans le processus de politisation de l’espace extra-parlementaire pendant les années de la Restauration. Un rôle attesté par les documents de la censure monarchique, ainsi que par les rapports rédigés par le Bureau de l’Imprimerie et de la Librairie, par les procès de presse, par les périodiques de l’époque, par les débats parlementaires et par les sources littéraires. Face à une presse périodique souvent muselée par la censure préalable entre 1814-1830, le livre, affranchi de cette forme de surveillance à partir de 1815, révèle une capacité formidable de compenser et d’intégrer l’apport des feuilles politiques, de capturer un public en expansion, de fixer les opinions du moment et de poursuivre l’actualité.
La Sicile et les îles voisines dans les portulans de Pîrî Re’îs (1521-1526)
Authors: Bacqué-Grammont Jean-Louis , Bresc Henri
Published: April 2018

Pîrî Re’îs, marin ottoman et écrivain nautique, né entre 1460 et 1470 dans une famille de corsaires, exécuté en 1553, a écrit le Kitâb-ı Bahriyye, «Livre des choses de la mer» , portulan illustré de cartes des côtes et des îles de la Méditerranée dont deux versions sont conservées, celle de 1521 et celle de 1526. Il s’insère dans une longue tradition de géographes et de cartographes siciliens (al-Idrîsî qui écrit entre 1154 et 158 à partir des fiches de l’Amirauté), puis italiens, auteurs de portulans (Liber de existencia, Compasso da navigare, portulan de Grazia Pauli, Parma-Magliabecchi et Rizo). La publication, par courts paragraphes, du texte et de la traduction des deux textes turcs qui décrivent le littoral sicilien, permet de comprendre de quelle manière Pîrî Re’îs travaillait : à partir des documents nautiques saisis à bord de prises et des interrogatoires de prisonniers en 1521, puis à partir du texte du portulan Rizo en 1526. Dans le même souci de méthode comparative, suit la publication des textes des portulans italiens, de la traduction française du Kitâb-ı Bahriyye par Cardonne (1765) et des traductions françaises du portulan Rizo.

L’ensemble met en lumière la qualité du texte de Pîrî Re’îs, oeuvre de réflexion et de synthèse, géographie de cabinet qui perçoit l’originalité sicilienne, l’existence des

caricatori, points de chargement du grain, et la dissociation entre la qualité des ports et leur activité commerciale. Il souligne aussi les apports du marin ottoman et ses observations personnelles, descriptions des mouillages et des passages dangereux, souvenirs des opérations de course et réflexions sur les conditions d’une éventuelle conquête de la Sicile. deux textes turcs qui décrivent le littoral sicilien, permet de comprendre de quelle manière Pîrî Re’îs travaillait : à partir des documents nautiques saisis à bord de prises et des interrogatoires de prisonniers en 1521, puis à partir du texte du portulan Rizo en 1526. Dans le même souci de méthode comparative, suit la publication des textes des portulans italiens, de la traduction française du Kitâb-ı Bahriyye par Cardonne (1765) et des traductions françaises du portulan Rizo.

L’ensemble met en lumière la qualité du texte de Pîrî Re’îs, oeuvre de réflexion et de synthèse, géographie de cabinet qui perçoit l’originalité sicilienne, l’existence des

caricatori, points de chargement du grain, et la dissociation entre la qualité des ports et leur activité commerciale. Il souligne aussi les apports du marin ottoman et ses observations personnelles, descriptions des mouillages et des passages dangereux, souvenirs des opérations de course et réflexions sur les conditions d’une éventuelle conquête de la Sicile.
Flavius Josèphe comme témoin des rites de victoire romains
Authors: Hadas-Lebel Mireille
Published: April 2018

En tant qu’acteur et témoin de la révolte des Juifs contre Rome (66-70), Flavius Josèphe a indéniablement sa place dans l’histoire militaire de l’Antiquité. Après la prise de Jérusalem en 70, l’ancien général juif devenu l’interprète de Titus note avec sans doute plus de soin que ne le ferait un Romain les rites qu’il découvre à l’occasion de la victoire romaine. Ses descriptions se répartissent en trois phases : 1) au terme de l’assaut contre le Temple qui marque l’étape finale du siège, le sacrifice aux enseignes. En l’occurrence, le lieu du sacrifice n’est pas indifférent : les vainqueurs utilisent très certainement l’ancien autel du Temple face à la porte de bronze qui a résisté aux flammes. Ce choix peut être interprété comme une substitution de divinités et une romanisation de l’espace ; 2) la remise des récompenses. Lors d’une grandiose cérémonie, Titus harangue ses troupes, distribue des objets précieux et des parts de butin, puis vient le moment de remercier les dieux par des sacrifices, sans doute une ou plusieurs hécatombes car Josèphe ne mentionne que des boeufs. Le banquet de fête ne dure pas moins de trois jours ; 3) le triomphe des Flaviens Vespasien et Titus auxquels est associé aussi Domitien à Rome. Il s’agit là de la description la plus précise que nous possédions d’un triomphe romain : tenue des vainqueurs, itinéraire du cortège, pause pour les prières d’usage et les sacrifices, défilé des prises de guerre jusqu’au temple de Jupiter Capitolin, annonce de l’exécution du chef rebelle et enfin sacrifices et prières rituelles. Une question peut être soulevée à partir de certains propos prêtés à Titus et du fait du transfert du tétradrachme payé par les Juifs au fiscus judaicus du temple de Jupiter : y a-t-il eu lors du siège des rites d’evocatio que Josèphe n’était sans doute pas à même de comprendre tout en nous en donnant des indices ? Cette hypothèse impliquerait que l’evocatio, généralement considéré comme un rite archaïque sorti d’usage, était encore en vigueur ou avait du moins laissé quelques traces.
Que faisaient dans la baie de Naples Pison, Philodème, Virgile et autres Épicuriens? Pour une approche hétérotopique des pratiques philosophiques romaines
Authors: Vesperini Pierre
Published: April 2018

Cet article part d’une hypothèse : les pratiques philosophiques des Romains auraient varié en fonction des lieux. Ici, on se propose de montrer que la présence des Épicuriens à Naples s’explique par une double équivalence : les Romains epicurei sont des Romains «presque grecs» (paene graeci), et Naples est une «cité presque grecque» (urbs quasi graeca). Cette identité «grecque» des Romains épicuriens se décline différemment chez le sénateur Pison – dans sa villa d’Herculanum, dans le traité (Du bon roi selon Homère) et l’épigramme (Anth. Pal., XI, 44) que lui adresse Philodème – et chez Virgile, que son surnom de «Parthenias» associe irrémédiablement au nom mythique de Naples.
The main Chapel of the Durres Amphitheater. Decoration and chronology
Authors: Bowes Kimberly Diane , Mitchell John
Published: April 2018

This article presents the results of a 2002-3 program of excavation and survey in the Roman amphitheater of Dyrrachium (Durres, Albania), focused on the amphitheater’s main Christian chapel. Most famous for its wall mosaics, including an enigmatic depiction of the Maria Regina, the chapel has rarely been studied as a whole, within its amphitheater context. The article presents new evidence on this chapel’s architecture, painted and mosaic program, chronology and function. Typically assigned a late antique date, the chapel and its decoration, both frescoes and mosaics, may date in its entirety to the Middle Byzantine period, with significant moments of rebuilding and reoccupation through the 16th century. It is further suggested that the chapel may be a private funerary chapel, rather than a martyr’s memoria.
Understanding the performance and mechanism of Mg-containing oxides as support catalysts in the thermal dry reforming of methane
Authors: Khairudin Nor Fazila , Sukri Mohd Farid Fahmi , Khavarian Mehrnoush , Mohamed Abdul Rahman
Published: April 2018

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) is one of the more promising methods for syngas (synthetic gas) production and co-utilization of methane and carbon dioxide, which are the main greenhouse gases. Magnesium is commonly applied in a Ni-based catalyst in DRM to improve catalyst performance and inhibit carbon deposition. The aim of this review is to gain better insight into recent developments on the use of Mg as a support or promoter for DRM catalysts. Its high basicity and high thermal stability make Mg suitable for introduction into the highly endothermic reaction of DRM. The introduction of Mg as a support or promoter for Ni-based catalysts allows for good metal dispersion on the catalyst surface, which consequently facilitates high catalytic activity and low catalyst deactivation. The mechanism of DRM and carbon formation and reduction are reviewed. This work further explores how different constraints, such as the synthesis method, metal loading, pretreatment, and operating conditions, influence the dry reforming reactions and product yields. In this review, different strategies for enhancing catalytic activity and the effect of metal dispersion on Mg-containing oxide catalysts are highlighted.
Afropectinariella (Vandeae, Orchidaceae), a new genus of the Angraecum alliance
Authors: Simo-Droissart Murielle , Sonké Bonaventure , Droissart Vincent , Stévart Tariq
Published: April 2018

A recent phylogenetic study showed that species assigned to the newly recognised genus Pectinariella Szlach., Mytnik & Grochocka (previously treated as AngraecumBorysect.Pectinaria Benth.) are polyphyletic, comprising a clade with species primarily in Madagascar and the Western Indian Ocean islands (including the type) and another non-sister clade whose members occur in continental Africa and the Gulf of Guinea islands. In order to render Pectinariella monophyletic, the five continental African species must therefore be removed. A new genus, Afropectinariella M.Simo & Stévart, is described and the following combinations are made: Afropectinariellaatlantica (Stévart & Droissart) M.Simo & Stévart, Afropectinarielladoratophylla (Summerh.) M.Simo & Stévart, Afropectinariellagabonensis (Summerh.) M.Simo & Stévart, Afropectinariellapungens (Schltr.) M.Simo & Stévart and Afropectinariellasubulata (Lindl.) M.Simo & Stévart.
Comportamiento estructural de la plaza de toros Monumental de Sevilla, en base a las pruebas de carga de 1917 y 1918, y su demolición en 1930
Authors: Carrasco F. , Carrasco J.
Published: April 2018

La plaza de toros Monumental de Sevilla fue uno de los edificios de referencia en los primeros años del siglo XX en España. Se inauguró el 6 de junio de 1918 después de haber sufrido dos hundimientos, uno durante la ejecución en 1916 y otro durante las pruebas de carga efectuadas en 1917. Posteriormente el edificio fue sometido a una prueba de carga satisfactoria en 1918, que ofreció las oportunas garantías para autorizar su inauguración. En 1921 el gobernador decretó el cierre del edificio por supuestos problemas estructurales, siendo demolido en 1930 tras casi una década de olvido. En este trabajo se recopilan documentos dispersos en varios archivos, que permiten determinar que la prueba de carga de 1918 fue rigurosa y que el comportamiento de la estructura fue correcto, mostrando su solidez incluso durante la demolición.
Metodología de Generación de Modelos Virtuales Urbanos 3D para ciudades inteligentes
Authors: Álvarez M. , Raposo J. F. , Miranda M. , Bello A. B.
Published: April 2018

En la actualidad la utilización de Modelos Urbanos 3D va más allá del mero soporte de imagen tridimensional para la visualización de nuestro entorno urbano. Los Modelos Urbanos Tridimensionales son en sí mismos herramientas fundamentales para gestionar los distintos fenómenos que ocurren en las ciudades inteligentes. Por tanto se hace necesario generar modelos veraces con el entorno, en los cuales se pueda integrar la información de diseño de edificios BIM con los SIG y otras tecnologías espaciales. La generación en la actualidad de Modelos Urbanos 3D se beneficia de la abundancia de datos procedentes de fuentes de captura de datos que incorporan las últimas tecnologías, como sensores aerotransportados LiDAR, y de la existencia de estándares internacionales como CityGML.En este artículo se presenta una metodología de desarrollo de un Modelo Urbano Tridimensional, basada en datos LiDAR y en el estándar CityGML aplicada a la ciudad de Lorca.
The prevalence of neonatal jaundice and risk factors in healthy term neonates at National District Hospital in Bloemfontein
Authors: Brits Hanneke , Adendorff Jeanie , Huisamen Dyanti , Beukes Dahne , Botha Kristian , Herbst Hanre , Joubert Gina
Published: April 2018

Background: Neonatal jaundice affects one in two infants globally. The jaundice is the result of an accumulation of bilirubin as foetal haemoglobin is metabolised by the immature liver. High serum levels of bilirubin result in lethargy, poor feeding and kernicterus of the infant.Aim: The main aim of this article was to determine the prevalence of neonatal jaundice and secondly to explore its risk factors in healthy term neonates.Setting: Maternity ward, National District Hospital, Bloemfontein, South Africa.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, mothers and infants were conveniently sampled after delivery and before discharge. The mothers were interviewed and their case records were reviewed for risk factors for neonatal jaundice and the clinical appearance and bilirubin levels of the infants were measured with a non-invasive transcutaneous bilirubin meter.Results: A total of 96 mother-infant pairs were included in the study. The prevalence of neonatal jaundice was 55.2%; however, only 10% of black babies who were diagnosed with jaundice appeared clinically jaundiced. Normal vaginal delivery was the only risk factor associated with neonatal jaundice. Black race and maternal smoking were not protective against neonatal jaundice as in some other studies.Conclusion: More than half (55.2%) of healthy term neonates developed neonatal jaundice. As it is difficult to clinically diagnose neonatal jaundice in darker pigmented babies, it is recommended that the bilirubin level of all babies should be checked with a non-invasive bilirubin meter before discharge from hospital or maternity unit as well as during the first clinic visit on day 3 after birth.
Assessment of nurses’ cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge and skills within three district hospitals in Botswana
Authors: Rajeswaran Lakshmi , Cox Megan , Moeng Stoffel , Tsima Billy M.
Published: April 2018

Background: Nurses are usually the first to identify the need for and initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on patients with cardiopulmonary arrest in the hospital setting. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation has been shown to reduce in-hospital deaths when received from adequately trained health care professionals.Aim: We aimed to investigate nurses’ retention of CPR knowledge and skills at district hospitals in Botswana.Methods: A quantitative, quasi-experimental study was conducted at three hospitals in Botswana. A pre-test, intervention, post-test, and a re-test after 6 months were utilised to determine the retention of CPR knowledge and skills. Non-probability, convenience sampling technique was used to select 154 nurses.The sequences of the test were consistent with the American Heart Association’s 2010 basic life support (BLS) guidelines for health care providers. Data were analysed to compare performance over time.Results: This study showed markedly deficient CPR knowledge and skills among registered nurses in the three district hospitals. The pre-test knowledge average score (48%) indicated that the nurses did not know the majority of the BLS steps. Only 85 nurses participated in the re-evaluation test at 6 months. While a 26.4% increase was observed in the immediate post-test score compared with the pre-test, the performance of the available participants dropped by 14.5% in the re-test 6 months after the post-test.Conclusion: Poor CPR knowledge and skills among registered nurses may impede the survival and management of cardiac arrest victims. Employers and nursing professional bodies in Botswana should encourage and monitor regular CPR refresher courses.
The link between Internet investor relations and information asymmetry
Authors: Nel George F. , Smit Eon , Brummer Leon M.
Published: April 2018

Background: Information asymmetry manifests when one party has more or better information than the other. Information asymmetry is said not only to increase transaction costs and decrease liquidity, but also to diminish the quality of the investment decisions taken by investors, thus weakening the overall functioning of markets. Aim and setting: A well-developed Internet investor relations (IIR) strategy, coupled with increased disclosure levels, should theoretically decrease information asymmetry levels. The majority of related studies to date used either an indirect disclosure proxy or involved an examination of the annual report, and have used data from United States or European companies. Empirical studies to date have produced mixed results. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether a relationship exists between the quality of IIR (via corporate websites) and information asymmetry. Method: This study used data from Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE)-listed companies. Multiple regression analysis was applied with information asymmetry as dependent variable and IIR as one of a set of selected explanatory variables. A self-constructed measurement instrument was used to measure IIR for a sample of 85 companies. Given the inherent difficulty with direct observation of information asymmetry, three different proxies were used to estimate information asymmetry. Results: A significant negative association was found between IIR and information asymmetry for all three information asymmetry proxies that were used: bid-ask spread, price impact, and analyst following. Conclusion: Empirical support is provided for the notion that companies may potentially benefit from a well-developed IIR strategy through reduced information asymmetry.
The scaling limits of near-critical and dynamical percolation
Authors: Garban Christophe , Pete Gábor , Schramm Oded
Published: April 2018

We prove that near-critical percolation and dynamical percolation on the triangular lattice

\eta \mathbb T

have a scaling limit as the mesh

\eta

tends to 0, in the “quad-crossing” space

\mathcal H

of percolation configurations introduced by Schramm and Smirnov. The proof essentially proceeds by “perturbing” the scaling limit of the critical model, using the pivotal measures studied in our earlier paper. Markovianity and conformal covariance of these new limiting objects are also established.
Rural policy, rural quangos – searching for clarity in West Dorset, south west England
Authors: Morris Gordon
Published: April 2018

The research discussed in this paper arose from the writer’s interest in United Kingdom (UK) rural policy, government and governance. Its aims were to: 1) find out the extent to which the participants in the research, many of whom are involved in UK local government, were aware of the non-governmental advisory and support organisations that, from 1909 until 2013, were involved with rural policy; and 2) establish the loci of influence in relation to aspects of rural policy. The data, gathered from interviews and an online questionnaire, suggests that political influence lies primarily with the Conservative Party, whose elected members run the district and county councils. Other sources of influence include the middle and landed classes. There is ambiguity, however. Some clerks and councillors admitted that they do not know where influence lies; suggesting that they, at least, do not believe it lies with them. Awareness of the organisations is unsurprisingly varied according to the participants’ backgrounds. Overall, the data suggests that the more remote organisations were physically from ‘work on the ground’, and the more years that have passed since their closure, the lower the awareness of their existence and work.
Constraints on global oceanic emissions of N2O from observations and models
Authors: Buitenhuis Erik T. , Suntharalingam Parvadha , Le Quéré Corinne
Published: April 2018

Abstract. We estimate the global ocean N2O flux to the atmosphere and its confidence interval using a statistical method based on model perturbation simulations and their fit to a database of ΔpN2O (n =  6136). We evaluate two submodels of N2O production. The first submodel splits N2O production into oxic and hypoxic pathways following previous publications. The second submodel explicitly represents the redox transformations of N that lead to N2O production (nitrification and hypoxic denitrification) and N2O consumption (suboxic denitrification), and is presented here for the first time. We perturb both submodels by modifying the key parameters of the N2O cycling pathways (nitrification rates; NH4+ uptake; N2O yields under oxic, hypoxic and suboxic conditions) and determine a set of optimal model parameters by minimisation of a cost function against four databases of N cycle observations. Our estimate of the global oceanic N2O flux resulting from this cost function minimisation derived from observed and model ΔpN2O concentrations is 2.4 ± 0.8 and 2.5 ± 0.8 Tg N yr−1 for the two N2O submodels. These estimates suggest that the currently available observational data of surface ΔpN2O constrain the global N2O flux to a narrower range relative to the large range of results presented in the latest IPCC report.
Diel fluctuations of viscosity-driven riparian inflow affect streamflow DOC concentration
Authors: Schwab Michael P. , Klaus Julian , Pfister Laurent , Weiler Markus
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Diel fluctuations of stream water DOC concentrations are generally explained
by a complex interplay of different instream processes. We measured the light
absorption spectrum of water and DOC concentrations in situ and with high
frequency by means of a UV–Vis spectrometer during 18 months at the outlet of
a forested headwater catchment in Luxembourg (0.45 km2). We generally
observed diel DOC fluctuations with a maximum in the afternoon during days
that were not affected by rainfall–runoff events. We identified an increased
inflow of terrestrial DOC to the stream in the afternoon, causing the DOC
maxima in the stream. The terrestrial origin of the DOC was derived from the
SUVA-254 (specific UV absorbance at 254 nm) index, which is a good indicator
for the aromaticity of DOC. In the studied catchment, the most likely process
that can explain the diel DOC input variations towards the stream is the
so-called viscosity effect. The water temperature in the upper parts of the
saturated riparian zone is increasing during the day, leading to a lower
viscosity and therefore a higher hydraulic conductivity. Consequently, more
water from areas that are rich in terrestrial DOC passes through the
saturated riparian zone and contributes to streamflow in the afternoon. We
believe that not only diel instream processes, but also viscosity-driven diel
fluctuations of terrestrial DOC input should be considered to explain
diel DOC patterns in streams.
Generating porosity during olivine carbonation via dissolution channels and expansion cracks
Authors: Xing Tiange , Zhu Wenlu , Fusseis Florian , Lisabeth Harrison
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The olivine carbonation reaction, in which carbon dioxide is chemically incorporated to form carbonate, is central to the emerging carbon sequestration method using ultramafic rocks. The rate of this retrograde metamorphic reaction is controlled, in part, by the available reactive surface area: as the solid volume increases during carbonation, the feasibility of this method ultimately depends on the maintenance of porosity and the creation of new reactive surfaces. We conducted in-situ dynamic x-ray microtomography and nanotomography experiments to image and quantify the porosity generation during olivine carbonation. We designed a sample setup that included a thick-walled cup (made of porous olivine aggregates with a mean grain size of either ~ 5 or ~ 80 μm) filled with loose olivine sands with grain sizes of 100–500 μm. The whole sample assembly was reacted with a NaHCO3 aqueous solution at 200 °C, under a constant confining pressure of 13 MPa and a pore pressure of 10 MPa. Using synchrotron-based X-ray microtomography, the 3-dimensional (3-D) pore structure evolution of the carbonating olivine cup was documented until the olivine aggregates became disintegrated. The dynamic microtomography data show a volume reduction in olivine at the beginning of the reaction, indicating a vigorous dissolution process consistent with the disequilibrium reaction kinetics. In the olivine cup with a grain size of ~ 80 μm (coarse-grained cup), dissolution fractures developed within 30 hours, before any precipitation was observed. In the experiment with the olivine cup of ~ 5 μm mean grain size (fine-grained cup), idiomorphic magnesite crystals were observed on the surface of the olivine sands. The magnesite shows a near constant growth throughout the experiment, suggesting that the reaction is self-sustained. Large fractures were generated as reaction proceeds and eventually disintegrate the aggregate after 140 hours. Detailed analysis show that these are expansion cracks caused by the volume mismatch between the expanding interior and the nearly constant surface. Nanotomography images of the reacted olivine cup reveal pervasive etch-pits and worm-holes in the olivine grains. We interpret this perforation of the solids to provide continuous fluid access, which is likely key to the complete carbonation observed in nature. Reactions proceeding through the formation of nano- to micron-scale dissolution channels provide a viable microscale mechanism in carbon sequestration practices. For the natural peridotite carbonation, a coupled-mechanism of dissolution and reaction-induced fracturing should account for the observed self sustainability of the reaction.
Assessment of wind turbine component loads under yaw-offset conditions
Authors: Damiani Rick , Dana Scott , Annoni Jennifer , Fleming Paul , Roadman Jason , van Dam Jeroen , Dykes Katherine
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Renewed interest in yaw control for wind turbine and power plants for wake redirection and load mitigation demands a clear understanding of the effects of running with skewed inflow. In this paper, we investigate the physics of yawed operations, building up the complexity from a simplified analytical treatment to more complex aeroelastic simulations. Results in terms of damage equivalent loads (DELs) and extreme loads under misaligned conditions of operation are compared to data collected from an instrumented, utility-scale wind turbine. The analysis shows that multiple factors are responsible for the DELs of the various components and that airfoil aerodynamics, elastic characteristics of the rotor, and turbulence intensities are the primary drivers. Both fatigue and extreme loads are observed to have relatively complex trends with yaw offsets, which can change depending on the wind-speed regime. Good agreement is found between predicted and measured trends for both fatigue and ultimate loads.
The Color of Amontillado: The Influence of Blackface Minstrelsy in “The Cask of Amontillado”
Authors: Waters Charlene
Published: April 2018

Scholars have devoted a great deal of scrutiny to the background and historical context of “The Cask of Amontillado,” Poe's well-known tale of the dish best served cold. This article proposes that an overlooked area of cultural context for this tale is the influence of blackface minstrel shows. The work of other scholars is supported and enhanced by the application of the minstrel lens. Montresor's donning of the “mask of black silk” represents his appropriation of blackness and his use of common minstrel devices, such as homonymic comedy and inversion of mastery, demonstrate aspects of the minstrel shows of the early 1800s. The question is why does Montresor don his mask as he is leaving the streets of carnival? The convention would be to wear the mask in the street and remove it when going into the vaults away from the revelry. Fortunato, in his motley costume, represents the minstrel character of the “dandy.” A close reading of the tale illustrates elements of the blackface minstrel show, ending with a grotesque effigy to “Mr. Bones.” The use of minstrel tropes also speaks to Poe's identification with the uncanny Other in his work.
If Bird or Devil: Meta-Plagiarism in “The Raven”
Authors: Redmond Matthew
Published: April 2018

Edgar Allan Poe's tendency to “borrow” material from contemporaries remains an unsettling fact of his art. Too few studies have lingered, for example, on a striking resemblance between the “bird or devil” of Poe's “The Raven” (1845) and the talking raven named Grip in Charles Dickens's Barnaby Rudge (1841), except to say that Poe praised the novel (and especially Grip) in a review for Graham's Magazine. Yet the poem's Dickensian matter provides an ideal gateway to its deeper obsession with creativity itself. Through close reading and historicization, my article recasts “The Raven” as a paranoid allegory of its own quasi-plagiaristic origins. Read against the backdrop of a literary marketplace unchecked by international copyright law, the poem defies both its speaker and us to locate the true source of its strange power. In supposing that his guest learned the word “Nevermore”—so like Grip's cries of “Nobody!”—from “some unhappy master” long ago, the speaker points not only to Dickens (who kept three pet ravens in the course of his life), but also to the raven's entire symbolic provenance, stretching back to Roman myth and beyond. Ultimately, as bird and devil, Poe's raven condemns the futile, even disastrous struggle to isolate any symbol from its prior lives.
An Exploratory Investigation of New Entrant Motor Carriers' Longitudinal Safety Performance
Authors: Miller Jason , Saldanha John P.
Published: April 2018

Commercial truck crashes cause thousands of fatalities and serious injuries every year in the United States. One aspect of motor‐carrier safety that has received limited attention, both theoretically and empirically, is the safety of new entrant motor carriers. This limited attention is surprising given regulators perceive new entrants as posing substantial safety concerns. This research seeks to fill this void by drawing on generative mechanisms from old institutional theory and population ecology to theorize that new entrants are likely to follow one of two safety trajectories. This complements prior work that has sought to explain safety differences between new entrants and established carriers. To test our theory, we collect longitudinal safety data from the Compliance, Safety, and Accountability program for a large sample of new entrant carriers and fit a series of mixed‐effects models to estimate new entrants' safety trajectories. Our results provide corroborating evidence for our theorized trajectories and identify how one new entrant characteristic, size, affects these firms' safety trajectories.
Estimating the Relative Efficiency of Highway Safety Investments on Commercial Transportation
Authors: Tsai Yao‐Te , Swartz Stephen M. , Megahed Fadel M.
Published: April 2018

Highway safety has been one of the most important public policy issues discussed in recent years. Accidents involving commercial vehicles result in many negative effects, both personal and economic. Although the numbers of highway accidents have been declining in the past decade, many people still suffer from the effects of severe highway accidents. As public policymakers struggle to improve safety on our highway system, they are looking for analytical tools to help them assess and leverage the impact of scarce public resources. This research effort used data envelopment analysis (DEA) for benchmarking the efficiency of public policy factors (regulatory and financial) known to have an influence on safety performance. The results of this research can provide objective safety performance and improvement recommendations for commercial transportation and therefore serve to be instructive to those states with lower levels of safety performance. Our findings suggest that government agencies could focus on more effective policymaking (emphasizing road condition improvement and capital outlay utilization vs. other investments) to reduce highway fatality rates.
Application of the Silicon Photomultiplier for Fluorescence Photobleaching Measurement
Authors: Mik Łukasz , Kucewicz Wojciech
Published: April 2018

In the paper a measurement method of fluorescence intensity reduction (called photobleaching) caused by excitation light was presented. Intensity of fluorescence light was measured by silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) – sensor which allows single photons detection. It has more compact dimensions and lower bias voltage in comparison to photomultiplier tube, presently used in many laboratory devices. Standard photometric cuvettes with a capacity of 1.6 ml and optical path length of 10 mm were used for the measurements. Sodium fluoresceinate dissolved in 10 mM TRIS buffer at pH 8.5 was used as the fluorescent dye. The solution was tested at a concentration of 100 μg per ml with constant excitation light from LED source over the time of measurement.
Projekt koncepcyjny bazy danych do przechowywania nagrań z badań artykulograficznych mowy polskiej
Authors: Wielgat Robert , Jędryka Rafał , Lorenc Anita , Mik Łukasz , Król Daniel
Published: April 2018

The article describes the structure and functionality of the articulographic database for storing data from articulographic research using an electromagnetic articulograph, an acoustic camera and 3 video cameras. The database enables selective extraction of various types of data for scientific research and interoperates with programs that carry out experiments. Structure and construction of the database is described. Potential future application in statistical analysis and
experiments on speech inversion using dynamic Bayesian networks (DBN) was also presented.
The Impact of Selected Aspects of Life
on the Incidence of Back Pain in Relation
to Age of Patients
Authors: Błyszczuk Jerzy , Błyszczuk Renata
Published: April 2018

Intodruction: The most common reasons for back
pain in modern society include inadequate physical
activity, obesity and lack of basic knowledge
on the correct positions of the spine. There are also
other reasons such as pathological changes including
damage and degeneration of annular fibers in
the spinal disk, posttraumatic back pain and incorrect
posture.

Materials and methods: On the basis of a survey
study on the population of 240 individuals (120
males and 120 females) we aimed to answer the
following questions: how body index, physical activity,
type of profession and education level correlate
with the frequency of back pain in relation
to age. Furthermore, responders reported the most
commonly injured spine regions and types of treatments.

Results and Conclusions: Obese individuals more
often suffer from back pain. Moderate physical activity
is beneficial on spine prophylaxis. Aging correlates
with higher risk of back pain. Back pain is
the most commonly reported in the lumbar region.
Common painkiller medications and restricted
physical activity represent main treatments of back
pain. Visiting a doctor, physiotherapy and therapeutic
massage are less common. These conclusions
hold true for both males and females.
Why and how we estimate the growth rate of fish? Practical aspect: Does the preservative size of barbel Barbus barbus is defined properly in Poland?
Authors: Klich Mariusz
Published: April 2018

Based on fish scales, we can determine the age of fish, as well as the rate of growth of the individual from birth until the time of capture. The paper presents a method for determining the rate of growth of fish and the example of their practical application to determine the protective size limit of fish, on the example of barbel in Poland. The available data on the growth rate of barbel in Polish rivers, based on 12 field surveys carried out in 1948–2004 was compared. The growth rate of barbel in different habitats is variable. Barbel growth depends on the size of the river and thermal conditions. The results were compared with maturation age of barbel. Protective size limit definited for barbel, which is 40 cm, is correct. All populations of barbel can reproduce at least once before they reach the preservative size. Most of the populations may reproduce at least two or three times.
Nutritional and allergenic properties of hen eggs
Authors: Seweryn Ewa , Królewicz Emilia , Stach Kamilla , Kustrzeba-Wójcicka Irena
Published: April 2018

Chicken eggs, along with cow milk, are the most important source of proteins and other valuable nutrients that are introduced to a baby`s diet. Certain components of eggs, besides nutritional, also have other biological functions. Both proteins, phospholipids or carotenoids, are bioactive components which affect the physiological processes in the human body. Regular consumption of chicken eggs rich in substances with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties may contribute to reducing the incidence of certain lifestyle diseases. Ovomucoid, as a glycoprotein which inhibits bacterial protease, is a component of eggs with bactericidal properties. Similarly, the ovotransferrin protein has a bacteriostatic effect on the Escherichia coli strain or Streptococcus mutans. Due to the strong antioxidant properties, phospholipids, vitamin E and folic acid are extremely valuable egg components. It is believed that the high antioxidant potential of these compounds is important in preventing the development of atherosclerosis and other metabolic syndromes. It is also worth mentioning lutein and zeaxanthin, which are dyes that form a protective barrier against the degeneration of the macula of the human eye. An extremely important function for the human immune system is also met by lysozyme, which stimulates the synthesis of
interferon, stimulating the immune response. Unfortunately, hypersensitivity to chicken eggs
is one of the most common food allergies in children and affects 0.5-9% of the population. The
major egg allergens (Gallus spp.): ovomucoid (Gal d 1), ovalbumin (Gal d 2), conalbumin (Gal
d 3) and lysozyme (Gal d 4) are present in egg white and most often cause allergic reactions
in children. Minor allergens: serum albumin (Gal d 5) and YGP42 protein (Gal d 6) are found
in the egg yolk and are more likely to sensitize adults.
Threats associated with the human factor in the aspect of information security
Authors: Palega Michal , Knapinski Marcin
Published: April 2018

The current publication presents selected risks resulting from the involvement of the human factor. In the opinion of the authors of the paper, it is the human inclination to make mistakes, commit breaches and abuses that can generate losses and damages caused by disclosure, modification, destruction or loss of corporate data. Theoretical considerations on the subject matter have been enriched by the results of conducted empirical research. They answer the following question: What categories of information security threats are associated with the human factor.
Rozhodčí komise spolku v české právní úpravě a praxi
Authors: Zechovský Jakub
Published: April 2018

Spolkové právo je s účinností od 1. ledna 2014 komplexně upraveno v zákoně č. 89/2012 Sb., občanský zákoník. Vůbec poprvé v historii jsou na našem území zákonem upraveny některé orgány spolku.Předmětem článku je rozbor zákonné úpravy rozhodčí komise spolku. Zájem autora tohoto článku se však neomezil pouze na legislativní úpravu, ale obrátil se rovněž k praxi. Na základě zákona č. 106/1999 Sb., o svobodném přístupu k informacím autor získal od rejstříkových soudů informace o tom, kolik spolků rozhodčí komisi zřídilo. Od okresních soudů pak bylo zjišťováno, zda spolky ukládají rozhodčí nálezy u soudů, zda probíhají řízení o vyslovení neplatnosti rozhodčího nálezu rozhodčí komise spolku a konečně zda spolky užívají vykonatelné nálezy rozhodčí komise spolku jako exekuční tituly. Obdržené výsledky byly podrobeny podrobné analýze. Pozornost je věnována také řízení před rozhodčí komisí spolku.
Koncentračná zásada vs. zásada náležitého zisťovania skutkového stavu veci v slovenskom trestnom konaní
Authors: Romža Sergej
Published: April 2018

Koncentračná zásada vo všeobecnosti, nastoľuje požiadavku, aby určité procesné úkony, procesné strany realizovali (uplatnili) – skoncentrovali v určitom procesnom štádiu a dokonca do určitého procesného momentu, ktorý môže byť naviazaný na rôzne procesné skutočnosti.Koncentračná zásada, osobitne nadobúda na význame, vo vzťahu k procesu dokazovania, keď zákonodarca v tejto súvislosti ustanovuje časový cenzus, teda dokedy môžu procesné strany navrhovať, resp. predkladať dôkazy. Pre správne pochopenie podstaty koncentračnej zásady, jej miesta a uplatnenia v trestom konaní, javí sa nevyhnutným objasniť jej súvzťažnosť k iným referenčným zásadám trestného konania a v tejto súvislosti osobitne k zásade náležitého zistenia skutkového stavu veci. Pri súčasnej koncepcii kreovania a hierarchie základných zásad trestného konania, žiada sa poznamenať, že zákonodarca priznáva zásade náležitého zistenia skutkového stavu veci privilegovaný status.
Uplatnění nutné obrany v souvislosti s realizací bezprostředních zásahů
Authors: Všetička Pavel
Published: April 2018

Faktické úkony představují právně-teoretický pojem, jež v sobě zahrnuje různé specifické formy realizace veřejné správy, které bývají uplatňovány v mimořádných situacích, a to zpravidla namísto individuálních správních aktů. Jednu z forem faktických úkonů představují tzv. bezprostřední zásahy. Vzhledem k bezprostřední povaze této právní formy činnosti, je v průběhu jejich realizace vyloučena možnost přezkoumání zákonnosti postupu úředních osob prostřednictvím řádných opravných prostředků, tak jak je tomu v případě individuálních správních aktů. Z množiny záruk zákonnosti využívaných v oblasti veřejné správy je však v tomto případě možno za jistých okolností uplatnit kontrolu ze strany občanů, a to v podobě nutné obrany. Podobně ovšem i úřední osoby jsou v rámci plnění svých úkolů ve zvláštních případech oprávněny využít institutu nutné obrany.
Administração de medicamentos: erros cometidos por profissionais de enfermagem e condutas adotadas
Authors: Silva Marcus Vinicius da Rocha Santos da , Carvalho Filha Francidalma Soares Sousa , Branco Tairo Barros , Guimarães Jessielly Taís Ferreira , Lima Najra Danny Pereira , Alves Anne Karollyne Castro
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: analisar condutas que devem ser adotadas por profissionais de enfermagem e gestores para que a ocorrência de erros na administração de medicamentos diminua e identificar erros cometidos por profissionais de enfermagem em relação à administração medicamentosa. Método: estudo quantitativo, exploratório descritivo, realizado com 162 profissionais de enfermagem atuantes em um hospital de um município do Maranhão, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados entre março e maio de 2015, analisados por estatística descritiva e utilizou-se o teste do Qui-quadrado para analisar a associação entre variáveis. Resultados: o treinamento e a capacitação foram considerados por 84% dos trabalhadores como condutas prioritárias a serem adotadas por parte da gestão para que a ocorrência de erros diminua. Constatou-se que 19,6% dos profissionais já erraram, sendo que medicamento incorreto e diluição inadequada foram as falhas mais citadas. Conclusão: o conhecimento sobre fatores causais de erros na administração medicamentosa é imprescindível para que sejam elaboradas medidas preventivas.
Acolhimento com classificação de risco na Estratégia de Saúde da Família: percepção da equipe de enfermagem
Authors: Rossato Karine , Real Vera Regina , Oliveira Giseli Buligon de , Araujo Camile Dalla Corte de
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: conhecer a percepção da equipe de enfermagem acerca do Acolhimento com Classificação de Risco na Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF). Método: estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa. Participaram da pesquisa oito profissionais das equipes de enfermagem. Utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturada como técnica de coleta dos dados. A análise dos dados ocorreu pela Análise de Conteúdo na modalidade temática, e após, os mesmos foram organizados em duas categorias: Capacitação dos profissionais de enfermagem da ESF sobre o Acolhimento com Classificação de Risco e Importância da implementação de um protocolo para Classificação de Risco em ESF. Resultados: muitos profissionais encontraram dificuldades em realizar a classificação de risco, devido a falta de capacitação e protocolo para classificar o risco. Conclusões: reconhecer as fragilidades dimensiona a expectativa de que gestores e profissionais da atenção primária revejam suas práticas e o processo de trabalho, buscando estratégias de apoio institucional, da equipe e dos usuários.