bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimasi Zink Oksida Dan Asam Malat dalam Krim Tabir Surya Kombinasi Avobenzone dan Octyl Methoxycinnamate dengan Desain Faktorial
Authors: Rosyidi Viddy Agustian , Ummah Lisanul , Kristiningrum Nia
Published: June 2021

Ultraviolet rays (UV) has an adverse effect on the skin, which is epidermis damage. One way to prevent the adverse effects of UV rays on the skin can be done by using sunscreen. The sunscreen mechanism of action was divided into chemical absorber and physical blocker. Chemical absorber will be degradated when exposed to UV rays, while ZnO as physical blocker can increase pH value of the sunscreen. The effectiveness of sunscreen was affected by pH value, so malic acid was added into the sunscreen formula to decrease pH value. This study was aimed to determine the optimum composition of ZnO and malic acid on pH, viscosity, SPF, transmission of erythema and transmission of pigmentation using factorial design method. 0,5% ZnO was set as the lowest level and 3% ZnO was set as the highest level; 0,5% malic acid was set as the lowest level and 0,8% malic acid was set as the highest level. Selected optimum formula was 0,5% ZnO and 0,8% malic acid with the predicted SPF value of 21,242; TE of 0,000; TP of 0,000; pH of 4,820; and viscosity of 80,333 dPa.s

 

Keywords: sunscreen, Zinc Oxide, malic acid, Sun Protector Factor
La financiación de las universidades hispanas durante el período medieval (siglos XIII-XV)
Authors: Guijarro González Susana
Published: June 2021

Este artículo analiza los modelos de financiación de las universidades medievales de la Corona de Castilla y de la Corona de Aragón durante su primera andadura en los siglos medievales. La comparación entre dichos modelos revela diferencias y similitudes. Las diferencias observadas están relacionadas con el papel desempeñado por la monarquía, el pontificado, los obispos junto con sus cabildos catedralicios y los gobiernos municipales en su origen y evolución durante la Baja Edad Media. Las similitudes atañen a la administración y tipología de las fuentes de ingreso que demostraron ser insuficientes e inestables. La debilidad económica de estas universidades medievales hizo necesario el recurso continuo a la protección pontificia. Por otra parte, el compromiso de las ciudades y las oligarquías urbanas que las gobernaban para con esta nueva institución educativa no fue siempre igual de firme y efectivo.
Candies in mixed mass of guava and mango type mariola: development and characterization
Authors: Maria Luiza de Oliveira Germano Antônia , Neto Alves de Oliveira Emanuel , Fonsêca Feitosa Bruno , Kívia de Araújo Soares Wisla , Lucas Chaves Almeida Francisco
Published: June 2021

Fruit waste is minimized by making different types of candies. The mass bulk candies can be nutritionally enriched by mixing fruits such as guava and mango. Thus, the objective was to develop candies in a mixed mass of guava and mango type mariola, as well as to evaluate the physical-chemical characteristics and sensory acceptance. Three mass candies were made, differentiated by the concentrations of guava and mango pulp. The physical-chemical characteristics, sensory acceptance, Acceptability Index, General Acceptability and buy intention were analyzed. The data obtained were treated with Analysis of Variance, in a completely randomized design, comparing the means by the Tukey test at 5% significance. The candies met the standards of identity and quality recommended by Brazilian legislation. Only the pH readings did not differ significantly, varying between 3.92 and 3.97. The candies presented a variation of terms in the consistency attribute between “I liked it a lot” and “I liked it a very much”. The formulation with 30% guava and 20% mango stood out as the best accepted. The preparation of guava and mango type candies can be feasible and are well-accepted sensorially.
Small cave bear (U. ex gr. savini-rossicus) as a game species of prehistoric man
Authors: Gimranov D.O. , Kosintsev P.A. , Bachura O.P. , Zhilin M.G. , Kotov V.G. , Rumyantsev M.M.
Published: June 2021

Imanay Cave is located in the Southern Urals (53°02' N, 56°26' E), at 420 m.a.s.l. A 9.5 m2 trench was exca-vated in the grotto in the inner part of the cave to examine the sediments. The accretion thickness was 1.2 m. The taphocoenosis of the Imanay Cave is of the Pleistocene age and contains about 10,000 specimens of bone re-mains of large mammals. They mostly belong to small cave bear (U. ex gr. savini-rossicus), and the remaining bones — to species of the mammoth faunal complex (Lepus sp., Castor fiber, Marmota bobak, Canis lupus, Cuon alpinus, Vulpes vulpes, V. corsac, Meles sp., Gulo gulo, Martes sp., Mustela sp., Ursus kanivetz, U. arctos, U. thibetanus, Panthera ex gr. fossilis-spelaea, Mammuthus primigenius, Equus ferus, Coelodonta antiquitatis, Alces alces, Bison priscus, Saiga tatarica, Ovis ammon). In the layer with the bones, Middle Paleolithic stone artifacts were found, including several bifacial points. These tools have analogies in the Middle Paleolithic sites of the Caucasus region and Crimea. During excavations of the cave, the skull of a cave bear with artificial damage was found. The study of the artificial perforation on the skull was the purpose of the present paper. On the basis of dimensional and morphological features, it was established that the skull belongs to a small cave bear (U. ex gr. savini-rossicus). The skull was directly AMS radiocarbon dated to 34 940 ± 140 BP, IGANAMS-5652. Analysis of the growth layers in the teeth revealed that the animal died in winter at an age of 9-10 years. Trace evidence analysis showed, that the hole in the parietal region of the skull was made by a sharp bifacial flint point similar to the Middle Paleolithic points found in the cultural layer of the cave. The animal was killed during winter hiberna-tion, most probably by stabbing with a spear. This is the first direct evidence of human hunting of a small cave bear. With the abundance of cave bear bones, the skull with the hole in it is the only evidence of human impact on this animal. There are no bones with traces of butchering and harvesting of the bone marrow.
Pottery traditions of the Andronovo (Fedorovo) population of the steppe Altai (based on materials from the settlement of Zharkovo-3)
Authors: Papin D.V. , Stepanova N.F. , Fedoruk A.S. , Fedoruk O.A. , Loman V.G.
Published: June 2021

Zharkovo 3 settlement is located in the south of Western Siberia in the steppe Altai. The site was studied by archaeologists of the Altai State University and they discovered two building horizons: one of the Andronovo time (one house was studied) and the other of the Late Bronze Age (two structures and a soot pit). The paper presents the results of a comprehensive analysis of the Andronovo (Fedorovo) ceramics of the Zharkovo 3 settlement. Fragments of 74 different vessels were used to analyze the ornamentation. The method of V.F. Gening was used. The authors conducted the analysis of shapes and ornamentation of the ancient tableware, and analysis of the technology of its manufacture. It has been established that the collection contains vessels of cap- and pot-shaped forms, the predominant technique of ornamentation of which is stamping. The ornamental compositions mainly consist of four or more different motifs. A series of 49 samples, apparently from 47 vessels, was subjected to technical and technological analysis. The method of study of ceramics, developed by A.A. Bobrinsky and follow-ers of his school within the framework of the historical and cultural approach, was used. The potters of the village preferred medium-plastic clay of medium iron content as the raw material. The main recipe for the paste composi-tion was ‘clay + chamotte + organics’. Research into the construction of the pottery has revealed consistent skills in its manufacture. The patchwork-lumpy and spiral-patchwork methods of forming the vessel hollow body, recorded in the settlement, are characteristic of the Andronovo ceramics throughout its distribution area. It can be stated that the Andronovo population, who left the pottery of the Zharkovo 3 settlement, achieved a certain unity of cultural traditions in selection of the raw materials and paste composition. Almost all vessels of the site exhibited the use of the same type of mineral additives — chamotte. Deviations in concentration and dimension of its particles are associated with individual differences in the skills of the potters of the settlement. The presence on the site of individual vessels with pronounced differences in manufacturing technology should be regarded as examples of imports.
PEMIKIRAN PENDIDIKAN PROGRESIF IVAN ILICH DALAM PERSPEKTIF FILSAFAT PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI ERA MILLENIAL
Authors:   UIN Walisongo Semarang, Muthohar Sofa , Syukur Fatah ,   UIN Walisongo Semarang, Junaedi Mahfud ,   UIN Walisongo Semarang
Published: June 2021

This study discusses Ivan Illich’s progressive ideas from the perspective of Islamic Education Philosophy in the millennial era. This study uses a qualitative library research approach and uses content analysis. The results of this study indicate that there are several principles of learning from Ivan Illich that are in line with Islamic Education Philosophy. Firstly, the meaning of learning as knowledge sharing activities is not a school commodity. Secondly, there is equality of learning rights and without discrimination. While the principles that are considered unsuitable include two things. Firstly, the goal of Islamic education is to make people of good morals (akhlaqul karimah), while the learning objective of Ivan Illich is to realize social equality. Secondly, according to Ivan Illich, the concept of a perfect human being is human with full of hope based on effort and negates mercy (epimetheus), whereas, in Islam, a perfect person is a person of noble character (ulul albab). As for the context of the millennial generation, Ivan Illich’s progressive education will be very useful in supporting an active, creative, dynamic, and confident attitude that will be balanced if it is complemented by the spiritual nature of religiously based education.
MODEL KEPEMIMPINAN GURU SKI MTsN 9 SLEMAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA
Authors:   Universitas Islam Indonesia, Arifin Muklis Cahyo Muh , Nudin Burhan ,   Universitas Islam Indonesia
Published: June 2021

This research originated from the emergence of students’ negative views on learning SKI (Islamic Cultural History). The leadership role of SKI teachers is expected to provide learning motivation so that it can improve student achievement. The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of leadership and explain the constraints of implementing the leadership of the SKI teachers in increasing student achievement and motivation. This research use desciptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques are by observation, interviews and documentation. The research informants consisted of the vice chairman, the SKI teacher, and three students. This study found that teacher leadership can increase learning achievement and motivation. The process of applying leadership in learning, namely; 1) The teacher's introduction always begins with greetings, prayers, and motivation; 2) The core activity of learning is to use learning methods with interesting media; 3) In the closing activity, the teacher asks about the material that has been delivered and works on questions from the teacher. The process of implementing leadership outside of teacher learning always provides good examples such as student discipline and morals. Constraints faced by common are such as students lack of discipline in participating in learning, diverse characters, new methods that do not necessarily give satisfactory results. Meanwhile, the special obstacles faced were the lack of learning hours for the SKI, the lessons that were less attractive to students, and the differences in the educational background of the students.
Consistency of Pituitary Adenoma: Prediction by Pharmacokinetic Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MRI and Comparison with Histologic Collagen Content
Authors: Kamimura Kiyohisa , Nakajo Masanori , Bohara Manisha , Nagano Daigo , Fukukura Yoshihiko , Fujio Shingo , Takajo Tomoko , Tabata Kazuhiro , Iwanaga Takashi , Imai Hiroshi , Nickel Marcel Dominik , Yoshiura Takashi
Published: June 2021

Prediction of tumor consistency is valuable for planning transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma. A prospective study was conducted involving 49 participants with pituitary adenoma to determine whether quantitative pharmacokinetic analysis of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is useful for predicting consistency of adenoma. Pharmacokinetic parameters in the adenomas including volume of extravascular extracellular space (EES) per unit volume of tissue (ve), blood plasma volume per unit volume of tissue (vp), volume transfer constant between blood plasma and EES (Ktrans), and rate constant between EES and blood plasma (kep) were obtained. The pharmacokinetic parameters and the histologic percentage of collagen content (PCC) were compared between soft and hard adenomas using Mann–Whitney U test. Pearson’s correla-tion coefficient was used to correlate pharmacokinetic parameters with PCC. Hard adenomas showed significantly higher PCC (44.08 ± 15.14% vs. 6.62 ± 3.47%, p < 0.01), ve (0.332 ± 0.124% vs. 0.221 ± 0.104%, p = 0.02), and Ktrans (0.775 ± 0.401/min vs. 0.601 ± 0.612/min, p = 0.02) than soft adenomas. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was found between ve and PCC (r = 0.601, p < 0.01). The ve derived using DCE-MRI may have predictive value for consistency of pituitary adenoma.
Big Sets Of Vertices
Authors: Garrett Henry
Published: June 2021

In this article, some notions about set, weight of set, number, number's position, special vertex are introduced. Some classes of graph under these new notions have been opted as if the study on the special attributes of these new notion when they've acted amid each other is considered. Internal and external relations amid these new notions have been obtained as if some classes of graphs in the matter of these notions are been pointed out.
Effect of Grit Blasting and Polishing Pretreatments on the Microhardness, Adhesion and Corrosion Properties of Electrodeposited Ni-W/SiC Nanocomposite Coatings on 45 Steel Substrate
Authors: Bertrand Gbenontin Vigninou , Kang Min , Ndiithi Ndumia Joseph , Nyambura Samuel Mbugua , Emmual Awuah , Zhang Yin
Published: June 2021

In this study, grit blasting pretreatment was used to improve the adhesion and corrosion resistance and microhardness of Ni-W/SiC nanocomposite coatings fabricated using conventional electrodeposition technique. Prior to deposition, grit blasting and polishing (more commonly used) pretreatment were used to prepare the surface of the substrate and the 3D morphology of the pretreated substrates was characterized using laser scanning confocal microscopy. The coatings surface and the cross section morphology were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical composition, crystalline structure, microhardness, adhesion, and the corrosion behavior of the deposited coatings were characterized using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), microhardness tester, scratch tester and electrochemical workstation, respectively. The results indicated that the grit blasting and SiC addition, improved the microhardness, adhesion and corrosion resistance. The Ni-W-SiC nanocomposites pretreated by grit blasting exhibited the best adhesion strength, up to 36.5 ± 0.75 N. Its hardness was the highest and increased up to 673 ± 5.47Hv and its corrosion resistance was the highest compared to the one pretreated by polishing.
Surface passivation using n-type organic semiconductor in two-dimensional perovskite solar cells
Authors: Xie Xiaoyin , Zeng Fanming , Wang Helong , Liu guanchen , Xu Chongyang , Wu Sheng
Published: June 2021

Surface passivation, which has been intensively studied recently, is essential for the perovskite solar cells (PSCs), due to the intrinsic defects in perovskite crystal. A series of chemical or physical methods have been published for passivating the defects of perovskite, which effectively suppressed the charge recombination and enhanced the photovoltaic performance. In this study, the n-type semiconductor of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is dissolved in chlorobenzene (CB) for the surface passivation during the spin-coating process for depositing the two-dimensional (2D) perovskite film. This approach simplifies the fabrication process of 2D PSCs and benefits the film quality. As a result, the defects of perovskite film are effectively passivated by this method. A better perovskite/PCBM heterojunction is generated, exhibiting an increased film coverage and improved film morphology of PCBM. It is found that this technology results in an improved electron transporting performance as well as suppressed charge recombination for electron transport layer. As a result, PSCs based on the one-step formed perovskite/PCBM heterojunctions exhibit the optimized power conversion efficiency of 15.69% which is about 37% higher than that of regular perovskite devices. The device environmental stability is also enhanced due to the quality-improved electron transport layer.
Co-expression of candidate genes regulating growth performance and carcass traits of Barki lambs in Egypt
Authors: Ghanem Nasser , Zayed Mohamed , Mohamed Ismail , Mohammady Mona , Shehata M.F.
Published: June 2021

The aim of present study was to link the gene expression profile of selected candidate genes with blood profile, growth performance and carcass traits of Barki lambs. Thirty-eight Barki lambs were divided into 3 groups (fast, intermediate and slow growing) according to growth perfor-mance. Body tissues (muscle, liver and fat) were taken from for RNA isolation and Real-time PCR. The results indicated that, the final body weight hot carcass weight were heavier (P ≤ 0.05) in fast (49.9 Kg and 24.57) than intermediate (40.7 and 19.07 Kg) and slow (30.8 and 15.10 Kg) growing animals. The blood profile of total protein, total lipids, calcium, T3 and T4 hormones did not differ among sheep groups. Genes involved in protein biosynthesis (RPL7), fatty acid oxidation (CPT1) and lipolysis (FABP4) were up regulated in fast and intermediate growing lambs in all studied tissues. While, gene-regulating lipogenesis (ADIPOQ) was expressed simi-larly in fat and liver tissues, but increased its expression in muscle of fast and intermediate growing lambs. Expression of CAPN3 was increased in fast and intermediate growing compared to slow growing lambs. In conclusion, the current study providing an evidence for the im-portance of co-expression of these genes in main body tissues linked with growth performance of Barki lambs.
Acute Postoperative Pulmonary Embolism Detected at Home by a Patient's Personal Activity Monitor
Authors: Drynan David , Leroux Timothy S. , Zywiel Michael G.
Published: June 2021

Case:

The increase in smart technology and integration into health care is inevitable. We present a case of a smart wristwatch prompting a patient readmission to the emergency department for postoperative pulmonary embolism investigation and management. This prompted the assessment for community-based smart technology use and integration to the postoperative monitoring and the associated issues.

Conclusion:

Community-based smart technology is here to stay and is developing at a staggering rate, specifically with the cross-over to health monitoring. Constant patient monitoring and alerts are advantages, with smart technology and medical attention in this case. Surrounding issues of the technology must be considered with implementation.
Superior Patellar Dislocation Reduced by Intra-articular Injection
Authors: Berry Chirag A. , Summers Melissa A. , Reddy Krishna I.A.
Published: June 2021

Case:

A 53-year-old woman presented with a locked knee after an atraumatic hyperextension episode. Imaging showed an anterior tilt of the patella hinging over the superior trochlear margin, consistent with a superior patellar dislocation. The patella spontaneously reduced on an intra-articular injection with 15 mL of lidocaine in normal saline, after which she was able to actively range her knee.

Conclusion:

Superior patellar dislocations are rare and usually result from a sudden forced contraction of the quadriceps, trapping the patella over superior trochlear osteophytes. Reduction is possible through an intra-articular local anesthetic injection, without manipulation of the patella.
Political Warfare and Propaganda: Political Warfare and Propaganda: An Introduction
Authors: Forest James J. F.
Published: June 2021

The digital age has greatly expanded the terrain and opportunities for a range of foreign influence efforts. A growing number of countries have invested significantly in their capabilities to disseminate online propaganda and disinformation worldwide, while simultaneously establishing information dominance at home. This introductory essay provides a brief examination of terms, concepts, and examples of these efforts and concludes by reviewing how the articles of this issue of the Journal of Advanced Military Studies contribute to our understanding of political warfare and propaganda.
DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRONIC TEACHING MATERIALS BASED ON SMART APPLICATION CREATOR (SAC) TO IMPROVE CONTEXTUAL THINKING ABILITY OF VIII JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS ON VIBRATION AND WAVE MATERIALS
Authors: Fitriah Ida Romatul , Irawan Edi
Published: June 2021

The ability to think contextually has an important role in everyday life, with the ability to think contextually high will support the useful value of science in real life. However, in reality, many students are classified as lacking in contextual thinking skills. Because of this, the researchers compiled electronic teaching materials based on Smart Application Creator (SAC) which presented interesting and contextual teaching materials on Vibrations and Waves with the hope of improving students' contextual thinking skills. The method used by researchers is R&D through 4 stages, namely define, design, develop and disseminate. Data collection through questionnaires and tests, then carried out descriptive quantitative analysis. The final results of the study are: 1) the teaching materials prepared by the researcher are suitable for use both in terms of material (97.395%) and from the aspect of media assessment (100%). 2) The teaching materials that are arranged have a practicality level of 100% with a very practical conclusion to use. 3) Teaching materials prepared by researchers are effective in improving students' contextual thinking skills. Because there is an average difference between the pretest and posttest learning outcomes, the average posttest score is higher. 4) The teaching materials prepared by the researchers were very interesting (88.83%). So that overall it can be concluded that smart application creator (SAC) based electronic teaching materials are feasible to use.
Single Cell scale RNA-seq Analysis Protocol to analyze Smart-3SEQ data from RAGP neurons of pig heart
Authors: Kuttippurathu Lakshmi , Moss Alison , Vadigepalli Rajanikanth
Published: June 2021

The present protocol describes transcriptome mapping, data normalization and analysis pipeline with detailed steps for each of these aspects for single cell/ low input RNASeq data from Right Atrial Ganglionated Plexus (RAGP) of pig heart. The protocol with minor modifications can be adapted for low input samples with short reads or samples with low quality input RNA. Single cell samples acquired using Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM) were processed for RNA-Seq library preparation using Smart-3SEQ technique (Foley et al 2019). The data analysis workflow consists of (a) pre-processing- data trimming, read alignment and feature count and (b) downstream analysis- annotation, batch correction, filtering and normalization. The entire protocol is performed using freely available packages. Most of them are available within the R framework.
Utilization of Refuse Derived Fuel for Energy Recovery Processes: Prediction of Environmental Emissions and Thermal Behaviour in Combustion Processes
Authors: Singhal Deepak Kumar , Gupta Divya , Garg Anurag
Published: June 2021

In the present study, the environmental emissions from co-combustion of refuse derived fuel (RDF) in cement plants and coal-fired power plants are predicted using mass and energy flow modeling. Mumbai was considered as study area and RDF characteristics were assessed using MSW composition in Mumbai. The modeling results suggested that with increase in RDF share in fuel mixture, significant reduction in environmental parameters such as winter smog, global warming and acidification potentials could be achieved, though the electricity and heat generation were reduced. This problem can be overcome by improving the quality of RDF. Moreover, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) of individual RDF components (compostable organic matter, paper, wood and plastic) was carried out in oxidative environment to understand their thermal stability. Average activation energies for plastic, wood and compostable organics (98.6–183 kJ/mol) were comparable to those reported for coal. The results suggest that coal and RDF co-combustion should not affect the combustion profile. Moreover, high plastic content in RDF can assist in control of combustion process and also can enhance its calorific value.
A Simulation-Optimization System to Assess Dam Removal With a Focus on Environmental Degradations at Downstream
Authors: Sedighkia Mahdi , Abdoli Asghar
Published: June 2021

The present study proposes and evaluates an integrated framework to assess dam removal in which downstream river habitats and reservoir operation were simulated in three different statuses including conventional reservoir operation optimization, optimal release considering environmental aspects in the structure of the optimization model and natural flow. Fuzzy physical habitat simulation was used to assess physical habitats. Moreover, ANFIS based model was utilized to simulate thermal tension and dissolved oxygen tension at downstream habitats. Particle swarm optimization was applied in the optimization models. Results of the optimization models and habitat suitability in the natural flow were compared by applying different measurement indices including reliability index, vulnerability index, The Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE) and root mean square error (RMSE). Based on the results in the case study, reliability of water supply might be reduced in the optimal release for environment and demand. Furthermore, optimal release for environment is not able to protect downstream aquatics habitats properly. Thus, if protecting downstream habitats is aimed, dam removal might be logic in the case study. The main limitation of the proposed method is high computational complexities.
A Survey on Big Data Research in Fighting COVID-19: Contributions and Techniques
Authors: Riswantini Dianadewi , Nugraheni Ekasari , Munandar Devi , Arisal Andria , Suwarningsih Wiwin
Published: June 2021

COVID-19 has induced many problems in various sectors of life for humanity around the world. After one year of pandemic, many studies have been carried out in exposing various technology innovations and applications to combat the coronavirus that has killed more people than most. The pandemic has accelerated the use of Big Data technology to mitigate the threats of COVID-19. This survey aims to explore the Big Data research for COVID-19. We collected and analyzed the relevant academic articles to identify how Big Data technology can cover the challenges faced in overcoming the pandemic. In determining the research areas addressed by the past studies, we highlight the technology contributions to five major areas of healthcare, social life, government policy, business and management, and the environment. We discuss how analytical techniques of machine learning, deep learning, statistics, and mathematics can solve pandemic issues. The Big Data research for COVID-19 used a wide variety of data sources available publicly or privately. At the end of the discussion, we present the data source used in the past studies encompassing government official data, institutional service data, IoT generated data, online media data, and open data. We hope that this survey will clarify the role of Big Data technology in enhancing the research for COVID-19.
Indoor cycling training in rehabilitation of patients after myocardial infarction
Authors: Gloc Dagmara , Nowak Zbigniew , Lis Agata Nowak- , Gabryś Tomasz , Szmatlan-Gabrys Urszula , Valach Peter , Pilis Anna
Published: June 2021

Background Standard endurance training used from the second stage of cardiac rehabilitation has many common features with indoor cycling training which is used in fitness clubs. In the study, an attempt was made to evaluate the usefulness of this form of training in a 24-day rehabilitation program for patients after myocardial infarction. The study examined a group of 64 patients (51.34 ± 8.02 years) who were divided into two groups: the IC group (32 patients aged 53.40 ± 4.31 years) with indoor cycling training instead of standard endurance training; and the ST group (32 patients aged 55.31 ± 6.45 years) performing standard training. The level of exercise tolerance (cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a treadmill – Bruce's protocol), hemodynamic indicators of the left ventricle (echocardiography) and blood lipid profile (laboratory test) were assessed.Results In the IC group there was a significant increase in the test duration (9.21 ± 2.02 vs 11.24 ± 1.26 min; p < 0.001), the MET value (9.16 ± 1.30 vs 10.73 ± 1.23; p = 0.006) and VO2max (37.27 ± 3.23 vs 39.10 ± 3.17 ml/kg/min; p < 0.001). Parallel changes were observed in the ST group, where the following parameters improved: the test duration (9.41 ± 0.39 vs 10.91 ± 2.22; p < 0.001), MET value (8.65 ± 0.25 vs 9.86 ± 1.12; p = 0.002) and VO2max (36.89 ± 6.22 vs 38.76 ± 3.44; p < 0.001). No statistically significant changes were found in the hemodynamic indices of the left ventricle and the lipid profile. Also, the intergroup analysis did not show any statistical significance.Conclusion Based on the research results, it was found that indoor cycling training in the second phase of cardiac rehabilitation is a safe form of therapy and therefore may be an interesting alternative method to the classic bicycle ergometer exercise in the stage of early cardiac rehabilitation.
Emerging Actions And Energy Strategies For Sustainable Development Of Sakarya City, Turkey: A SWOT Analysis
Authors: Tırmıkçı Ceyda Aksoy
Published: June 2021

Background: Turkey has been one of the earliest participants of the international climate policy process, since the Ministerial Conference on Atmospheric Pollution and Climate Change held in 1989. The country has prepared strategy documents, actions plans, sectoral policies and projects to detect and adapt climate change effects. However, any of this has not turned into a main plan to support climate change mitigation on an international scale. The purpose of this paper is to identify local climate change mitigation strategies of Sakarya city, Turkey by strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis. For this purpose, relevant information were gathered from Covenant of Mayors, greenhouse gas inventories of the city, National Energy Efficiency Action Plan, online workshop with 44 local stakeholders from private sector and local universities held on 13.10.2020. Results: Transportation sector action plans proposed within SWOT analysis promise to decrease local transportation-based emissions by 27% compared to 2017 and by 26% compared to 2030 business as usual (BAU) Scenario. Buildings sector action plans proposed within SWOT analysis promises to decrease local building-sector based emissions by 20% compared to 2017 and by 33% compared to 2030 BAU Scenario. All mitigation strategies proposed within SWOT analysis promises to decrease local total emissions by 24% compared to 2017 and by 28% compared to 2030 BAU Scenario.Conclusion: The results emphasize the importance of the cross-link between local adaptation and mitigation in terms of energy demand and energy-based emissions on national and international scale. This paper proposes that developing complete greenhouse gas inventories by accurate data within current technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT) and formulating climate change targets accordingly is the key to achieve the adaptation of local mitigation plans. In conclusion, it is emphasized that efforts to monitor, to report and to develop local mitigation legislations will determine the success rate of national sustainable development goals.
Rice breeding in the new era: comparison of useful agronomic traits
Authors: Soto Alejandro Hernandez , Echeverría-Beirute Fabián , Abdelnour-Esqu Ana , Gatica-Arias Andres , Valdez-Melara Marta
Published: June 2021

Understanding agronomic traits at a genetic level enables the leveraging of this knowledge to produce crops that are more productive and resilient, have better quality and are adjusted for consumer preferences. In the last decade, rice has become a model to validate the function of specific genes, resulting in valuable but scattered information. Here, we aimed to identify particular genes in rice related to traits that can be targeted by different mutation techniques in the breeding of crops. We selected gain of function, misfunction, and specific mutations associated with phenotypes of agronomic interest. The review includes specific trait-related genes involved in domestication, stress, herbicide tolerance, pathogen resistance, grain number/quality/weight, plant structure, nitrogen use, and others. The information presented can be used for rice, other cereals, and orphan crops to achieve a superior and sustainable production in challenging farming conditions.
Determination Of Interactions Of Ferrihydrite-Humic Acid-Pb(II) System
Authors: Zhao Zhuanjun , Yao Liwei , Li Jie , Ma Xiangbang , Han Liangwei , Lin Zhiyuan , Guan Shuqi
Published: June 2021

Ferrihydrite often precipitates with humic acid in natural ways, affecting the fate of lead ions, the stabilization of humic acid and the aging process of ferrihydrite. A series of 2-line ferrihydrite-humic (Fh-HA) acid with varying C loadings has been prepared, the morphology and surface properties of Fh-HA organo-minerals have been characterized, the adsorption property of Pb ions onto Fh-HA has been studied. The results indicated a strong interference of HA to ferrihydrite. 2-line Fh dominated mineral phase in all samples, but with increasing C/Fe molar ratios the crystallinity gradually weakened, particles became smaller and SSA decreased significantly. The data of Mössbauer spectra confirmed C loading changed the unit structure of ferrihydrite. Fh-HA performed good adsorption properties to Pb(Ⅱ): high efficiency and big capacity, especially Fh-HA_2.0. pH had great effect on Lead uptake, the pH change not only affects the amounts of competitive ions in solutions, but also the dissociation and protonation of functional groups on the surface of Fh-HA. Sorption kinetics can be well modeled by a pseudo-second order model, and the process was controlled by film and intraparticle adsorption simultaneously. The adsorption isotherms can be well described by Freundlich isotherm model. The careful determination of Fe 2p, O 1s and Pb 4f spectra before and after lead adsorption showed mononuclear bidentate or binuclear bidentate ligands occurring on Fh-HA surface, forming stable inner-sphere complex. By comparison of Mössbauer spectra and TEM images, it revealed a slower evolution of iron oxide/oxyhydroxide phases in Fh-HA-Pb system compared to pure ferrihydrite with aging time, ferrihydrite transformed to a combination of ferrihydrite, goethite and hematite phases. in this study, the determination of C-Fe interaction, Pb fate influenced by Fh-HA and transformation of ferrihydrite would have a great implication to application of Fh-HA precipitates in remediation for soil or groundwater polluted by heavy metals.
A Multicriteria-based Integrated Framework for Sustainable Assessment of Contaminated Site Management Options
Authors: Wu Jin , Xiong Yanna , Ge Yinxin , Yuan Wenchao
Published: June 2021

Contaminated site management is a multiple objective decision-making task that generally involves several factors, such as performance of technology, environmental effects, cost, and social influence. However, the decision on contaminated site management in China have been principally driven by practical factors such as cost and time. In this study, we adopted a sustainable assessment method and developed a multicriteria-based integrated framework that satisfy the requirement of green and sustainable development of contaminated site. We integrate remediation sustainable assessment and redevelopment sustainable assessment in one framework, and allows the optimization of indicators. The framework started with definition of site management type, then investigating site characterization, screening indicators, quantification of indicator, selecting assessment model, selecting primary options, assessment with uncertain analysis, and determine preferred options. To demonstrate the utility of the framework, results are presented in a contaminate site in southwest China for two management type, site remediation and site redevelopment. We used different approaches to evaluate the stability and robustness of assessment results, including Monte Carlo simulation, scenario analysis and sensitivity analysis. The demonstration showed that attention has to be paid to the proper description of the site, the principles of the procedure and the decision criteria.
3-Mercaptopyruvate Sulfurtransferase Represses Tumor Progression and Predicts Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Li Meng , Jin Qi , Chen Yishu , Zhang Jie , Gao Jianguo , Cen Li , Lin Yiming , Xu Chengfu , Li Youming , Yu Chaohui
Published: June 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
The Factors Affecting the Physical Activity of the Health Care Workers of Iran University of Medical Sciences: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Hoveidamanesh Soodabeh , Tayefi Batool , Rampisheh Zahra , Khalili Narjes , Ramezani Mozhdeh
Published: June 2021

Background: The low physical activity is a challenge in adults. A majority of adults spend many hours each week at work, so the workplace is a suitable site for health promotion and implementation of physical activity programs. This qualitative study was implemented to identify worksite physical activity barriers and facilitators from the perspective of the employees of the Iran University of Medical Science. Methods: In the present qualitative content analysis, five focus group discussions were held with the participation of 68 personnel of Iran University of Medical Sciences. Purposive sampling with maximum diversity was carried out for the study. Results: The analysis of the data led to the identification of three general themes, including challenges and barriers, strategies, and incentives (facilitators). The four main categories of challenges and barriers included policy-making and legislation, organizational factors, structural factors, and personal factors. Most barriers identified by the participants were placed in the personal factors and organizational factors categories. The strategies for increasing physical activity were identified in the following three categories: Policy-making and legislation, organizational factors, and environmental factors. The majority of the strategies proposed were placed in the organizational factors and policy-making and legislation categories.Conclusions: Increasing physical activity in the workplace as a strategy for the general promotion of physical activity in people requires interventions in different areas, especially with regard to organizational factors and policy-making and legislation.
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Metal Tolerance Protein (MTP) Gene Family in Medicago Truncatula Under a Broad Range of Heavy Metals Stress
Authors: Sappah Ahmed H. El , Elbaiomy Rania G. , Li Jia , Yan Kuan , Wang Yu , Zhao Xia , Bingwen Wang , Zhu Yumin , Xianming Zhao , Abbas Manzar
Published: June 2021

Metal tolerance proteins (MTP) encompass plant membrane divalent cation transporters to specifically participate in heavy metal stress resistance and minerals acquisition. However, the molecular behaviors and biological functions of this family in M. truncatula are scarcely known. We identified 12 potential MTP candidate genes and analyzed for a phylogenetic relationship, chromosomal distributions, gene structures, protein structures, gene ontology, and previous RNA-seq data. MtMTPs were classified into three major cation diffusion facilitator (CDFs) groups; Mn-CDFs, Zn-CDFs, and Fe/Zn-CDFs. Structural analysis of SlMTPs displayed high gene similarity within the same group where all of them have cation_efflux domain or ZT_dimer. RNA-seq and gene ontology analysis revealed a significant role of MTP genes during M. truncatula growth and development.MTP genes showed tissue-specific and variable expression levels under the stress of the following five divalent heavy metals (Cd2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, and Fe2+). Expression levels of Fe2+/MtMTP11 and Mn2+/MtMTP4 were upregulated, while Mn2+/MtMTP5 was downregulated. In conclusion, MtMTP1.1, MtMTP1.2, and MtMTP4 play a key role under heat and heavy metal stress in M. truncatula.
Adoption of Solid Biomass Fuel for Cooking: Implication on Health Outcomes
Authors: Martey Edward
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) seven highlights the need to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all. Improving access to reliable and affordable modern energy for cooking have far-reaching benefits on human health. This study examines the relationship between the adoption of solid biomass fuel (SBF) for cooking and health outcomes.MethodsThe study used a nationally representative household-level data from a survey of 14,009 households in Ghana. For the econometric analysis, a biprobit model was employed to estimate the effect of SBF adoption on health outcomes.ResultsThe results show that adoption of SBF increases the probability of a household reporting ill-health and reporting frequently to a health facility by 25% each, respectively.ConclusionsThe findings of the study imply that ensuring affordability of clean fuel will enable households in developing countries to transition from traditional biomass to clean cooking fuels. Government programs and policies that aim at encouraging the use of clean fuel for cooking must target private occupants and homeowners.
Bimetallic Co and Mn Supported on Hydroxyapatite Catalyst for Carbon Monoxide Oxidation at Lower Temperature
Authors: More Rahul , More Pavan
Published: June 2021

The series of bimetallic Co and Mn supported on hydroxyapatite catalyst were prepared by successive deposition method and examined for CO oxidation. The CO oxidation activity was compared with monometallic Mn/HAp and Co/HAp. The catalysts are characterized in detail and correlated to the oxidation activity. The XRD, XPS and TPR characterization showed the presence of more facile Co2+, Mn3+ and adsorbed oxygen due to the interaction between Mn and Co. The 0.4 mol Mn and 0.1 mol Mn deposited on HAp showed formation of maximum active species. The maximum CoO species was observed over bimetallic catalyst compared to the monometallic catalyst. These active lower the activation energy require for CO and oxygen. These species were responsible for the oxidation of CO at lower temperature compared to the remaining catalyst.
The Hsp70 Gene family in Solanum Lycopersicum; Genome-wide Identification and Expression Analysis Under Heavy Metals Stresses
Authors: Sappah Ahmed El , Abbas Manzar , Elrys Ahmed S. , Yadav Vivek , El-Sappah Hamza H. , Zhu Yumin , Huang Qiulan , Yu Wang , Soaud Salma A. E. , Xianming Zhao , Li Jia
Published: June 2021

The Heat shock protein-70 (Hsp70) gene family is one of the protective mechanisms; however, it has not been widely studied in tomatoes. Therefore, the current study provides the first report genome-wide analysis of the Hsp70 gene family in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under five heavy metals (Cd2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, and Fe2+) stresses. We identified 23 candidate genes of the Hsp70 gene family based on the PF00012 domain through bioinformatics studies, including gene structure, distribution, synteny, phylogenetic tree, protein-protein interactions, gene ontology, and previous RNA-seq data analysis followed by qRT-PCR analysis. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, the 23 candidate genes were classified into five subfamilies where the same subfamily contains similar SlHsp70 proteins. Many pairs of SlHsp70 gene duplications have appeared, consisting of tandem and segment duplication. In addition, analysis of previous RNA-seq besides the gene ontology gave us significant evidence about the vital roles of these genes during tomato development and growth. The SlHsp7s showed different responses, which were varied depend on different plant tissues and types of heavy metal. Some of the SlHsp70s were up-regulated after heavy metal exposure, such as Cd2+/SlHsp70-23 and Mn2+/ SlHsp70-8. Still, down-regulated others such as Fe2+/ SlHsp70-18. Finally, our gene expression analysis revealed the significant roles of the Hsp70s, especially, SlHsp70- 3, SlHsp70-8, SlHsp70-12, SlHsp70-19, and SlHsp70-23, with the different heavy metals treatments.
Potential of Topical Microemulsion Serum Formulations to Enhance In Vitro and Clinical Anti-Skin Wrinkle Benefits of Cordyceps Militaris Extracts
Authors: Marsup Pachabadee , Sirilun Sasithorn , Prommaban Adchara , Sri Suwannee , Neimkhum Waranya , Sirithunyalug Jakkapan , Anuchapreeda Songyot , To-anun Chaiwat , Chaiyana Wantida
Published: June 2021

This research is the first to investigate the anti-skin wrinkle properties of Cordyceps mili-taris extracts both in vitro and in vivo. Anti-skin wrinkle activities of C. militaris were investigated by means of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), elastase, and hyaluronidase inhibitions. Microemulsions and topical serum formulation containing C. militaris extract were developed. The anti-skin wrinkle efficacy and irritation properties of the topical serum formulations were clinically investigated in human volunteers. Cordycepin was identified as a major component of C. miliaris extract that was responsible for MMP-1, elastase, and hyaluronidase inhibition. The C. miliaris water extract possessed the most potent inhibition on MMP-1 (77.9 ± 5.3%) and elastase (84.4 ± 4.0%). Interestingly, CW was as a potent MMP-1 and elastase inhibitor as oleanolic acid and EGCG. CW was incorporated into the microemulsion with the smallest internal droplet size (146.1 ± 1.5 nm) and further developed as a topical serum formulation. The resulting serum formulation effectively enhanced skin moisture (42.2 ± 14.2%), increased the skin elasticity (39.9 ± 7.3%), and induced no skin irritation in 30 human volunteers. The effectiveness on the skin was detected after 1 week of the applications. Therefore, it was suggested as an effective anti-skin wrinkle formulation.