bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"Is IEEE VIS *that* good?" On key factors in the initial assessment of manuscript and venue quality
Authors: Spyrison Nicholas , Lee Benjamin , Besançon Lonni
Published: July 2021

Background: Academic performance is at the heart of hiring decisions and funding applications. It is based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative metrics. One of those is the venue in which scholarly publications are published. Depending on the perceived (qualitative) or measured (quantitative) prestige associated with a venue, a specific publication will have more or less weight. Objectives: We want to understand how visualization researchers consider the prestige of a venue when looking for papers that they could use in their own manuscripts, and how they determine the prestige of any given venue.Method: We ran an online survey open for 10 days that we sent out to visualization researchers.Results: We gathered 46 responses from a sample of convenience. We found that publication venue plays the biggest part in how visualization researchers assess research articles. Interestingly, rating systems and metrics are least important criteria for researchers when assessing the quality of a venue. Conclusion: We highlight the potential risks around focusing on venue when assessing research articles. We further underline the necessity to discuss with the community on strategies to switch the focus to robustness and reliability to foster better practices and less stressful publishing expectations.Reproducibility: Data, materials and preregistration available on osf.io/ch6p4/
Perilaku Masyarakat Indonesia Dalam Menghadapi Pandemi Virus Corona Covid-19 dan Berdampak Pada Pendidikan di Indonesia
Authors: Husin Amir
Published: July 2021

Penyebaran virus corona yang telah menyebar kepenjuru dunia, serta berakibat untuk jalannya kehidupan manusia. Akibat nya tidak cuma dirasakankepada warga namun pada pelajar, tidak terkecuali Indonesia, selalin berdampak pada aktivitas pendidikan itu sendiri, banyak murid yang belum siap menghadapikegiatan pendidikan online. Kendala dalam proses belajar langsung antara siswadan guru serta pembatalan evaluasi belajar berakibat pada psikologis anak didik danmenurunnya mutu keahlian murid. Beban itu ialah tanggung jawabsemua elemen pembelajaran spesialnya negeri dalam memfasilitasi kelangsungansekolah untuk seluruh steakholders pembelajaran guna melaksanakan pendidikan jarak jauh. Gimana mestinya Indonesia merancang, mempersiapkan, serta menanggulangi pemulihan covid 19, buat memencet kerugian dunia pembelajaran di masa mendatang.
Differential expression of Fc fragment of IgG receptor Ib in human epithelial ovarian cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: July 2021

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer (1). We performed discovery of genes associated with epithelial ovarian cancer and of the high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) subtype, using published microarray data (2, 3) to compare global gene expression profiles of normal ovary or fallopian tube with that of primary tumors from women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer or HGSC. We identified the gene encoding the Fc fragment of IgG receptor Ib, FCGR1B, as among the genes whose expression was most different in epithelial ovarian cancer as compared to the normal fallopian tube. FCGR1B expression was significantly higher in high-grade serous ovarian tumors relative to normal fallopian tube. FCGR1B expression correlated with progression-free survival in patients with ovarian cancer. These data indicate that expression of FCGR1B is perturbed in epithelial ovarian cancers broadly and in ovarian cancers of the HGSC subtype. FCGR1B may be relevant to pathways underlying ovarian cancer initiation (transformation) or progression.
KEMAJUAN TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN DAN PERADABAN MANUSIA SERTA IMPLIKASINYA BAGI KESEJAHTERAAN PETANI DAN NELAYAN INDONESIA
Authors: Munadi Laode Muh.
Published: July 2021

Perkembangan penggunaan teknologi pertanian sangat pesat dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas produksi seiring dengan kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi untuk memenuhi bahan pangan sebagai salah satu kebutuhan pokok hidup manusia yang terus bertambah. Penerapan teknologi pertanian baik dalam kegiatan prapanen maupun pasca panen, menjadi penentu dalam mencapai kecukupan pangan baik kuantitas maupun kualitas produksi. Teknologi pertanian telah berperan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan produktivitas usahatani komoditas pangan di negara-negara maju dan negara-negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia.Populasi penggunaan alat dan mesin pertanian berkembang pesat dikalangan petani terutama pada kegiatan usaha tani dalam pengolahan lahan, panen dan pasca panen. Inovasi teknologi baru kadang dicurigai akan mengganggu sistem norma maupun kebiasaan-kebiasaan yang sudah mereka anut secara turun temurun sehingga perlu ada bukti atau jaminan yang meyakinkan bahwa teknologi inovasi tersebut tidak merusak sistem norma serta kebiasaan tata kelola lahan pertanian. Sehingga, akses untuk menerima informasi maupun mendapatkan teknologi baru sangat sulit, disisi lain para petani masih mengandalkan pola pertanian tradisional yakni menggunakan tenaga hewan dalam pengolahan lahan pertanian
Proses Penyidikan Terhadap Pelaku Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas (Studi Perkara Nomor : BP/08/11/2018-LLP/07/11/2018/RIAU)
Authors: Hukum Fakultas
Published: July 2021

Dalam Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 Pasal (1) Negara indonesia adalah negara kesatuan yang berbentuk republik.1 Indonesia pada dasarnya penyelenggaraan urusan pemerintahan berada pada kekuasaan pemerintahan pusat dan pemerintahan daerah hanyalah melaksanakan urusan-urusan pemerintahan yang diberikan oleh pemerintah pusat melalui desentralisasi, dekonsentrasi maupun tugas pembantuan.Penerapan desentralisasi dan dekonsentrasi pada negara kesatuan adalah merupakan perwujudan dari distribution of power antara pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah. Sebagai konsekuensinya terjadi penyerahan dan/atau pelimpahan urusan pemerintah pusat.
Tanggapan Organisasi Global Mengenai Kasus Pelanggaran HAM Terhadap Kaum Minoritas Etnis Rohingya
Authors: Ilmiyanor Muhammad
Published: July 2021

The issue of a Human Rights Violation against the Rohingya Ethnic Minority in Myanmar has captured the attention of the world public, including ASEAN and the United Nations itself has also participated in responding to the problem. This issue is about human rights violations in that scope and has something to do with the International Criminal Court.
Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Putusan Hakim Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Aborsi (Studi Kasus Perkara Pidana Nomor : 68/Pid.B/2015/PN.MKS)
Authors: Hukum Fakultas
Published: July 2021

Dalam Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 Pasal (1) Negara indonesia adalah negara kesatuan yang berbentuk republik.1 Indonesia pada dasarnya penyelenggaraan urusan pemerintahan berada pada kekuasaan pemerintahan pusat dan pemerintahan daerah hanyalah melaksanakan urusan-urusan pemerintahan yang diberikan oleh pemerintah pusat melalui desentralisasi, dekonsentrasi maupun tugas pembantuan.Penerapan desentralisasi dan dekonsentrasi pada negara kesatuan adalah merupakan perwujudan dari distribution of power antara pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah. Sebagai konsekuensinya terjadi penyerahan dan/atau pelimpahan urusan pemerintah pusat.
PENDIDIKAN KRISTEN DALAM KELUARGA SEBAGAI UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN KEMEROSOTAN MORAL ANAK
Authors: Sumarto Yonatan
Published: July 2021

This paper discusses two subjects as scope: first, the scope of Christian education consisting of: the notion of Christian education, the importance of Christian education in the family, and the strategy of Christian education in the family. Second: the moral scope that includes: moral definition, moral values, moral decline of adolescents, and factors causing moral decline.This paper aims to determine the factors that could be the cause of moral decline in adolescents and know the strategies that can be used in Christian education in the family as an effort to overcome the moral decline.The conclusion of this paper is that moral decline is caused by many factors, among others: First, Lack of attention and religious education provided by parents to children. Second, the influence of the environment is not good. Third, the psychological pressure experienced by the child. Fourth, The influence of modern technology.
Methods to address confounding and other biases in meta-analyses: Review and recommendations
Authors: Mathur Maya B , VanderWeele Tyler
Published: July 2021

Meta-analyses contribute critically to cumulative science, but they can produce misleading conclusions if their constituent primary studies are biased, for example by unmeasured confounding in nonrandomized studies. We provide practical guidance on how meta-analysts can address confounding and other biases that affect studies' internal validity, focusing primarily on sensitivity analyses that help quantify how biased the meta-analysis estimates might be. We review a number of sensitivity analysis methods to do so, especially recent developments that are straightforward to implement and interpret and that use somewhat less stringent statistical assumptions than earlier methods. We give recommendations for how these methods could be applied in practice and illustrate using a previously published meta-analysis. Sensitivity analyses can provide informative quantitative summaries of evidence strength, and we suggest reporting them routinely in meta-analyses of potentially biased studies. This recommendation in no way diminishes the importance of defining study eligibility criteria that reduce bias and of characterizing studies’ risks of bias qualitatively.
Differential expression of lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus E in human epithelial ovarian cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: July 2021

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer (1). We performed discovery of genes associated with epithelial ovarian cancer and of the high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) subtype, using published microarray data (2, 3) to compare global gene expression profiles of normal ovary or fallopian tube with that of primary tumors from women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer or HGSC. We identified the gene encoding lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus E, LY6E, as among the genes whose expression was most different in epithelial ovarian cancer as compared to the normal fallopian tube. LY6E expression was significantly higher in high-grade serous ovarian tumors relative to normal fallopian tube. LY6E expression correlated with progression-free survival in patients with ovarian cancer. These data indicate that expression of LY6E is perturbed in epithelial ovarian cancers broadly and in ovarian cancers of the HGSC subtype. LY6E may be relevant to pathways underlying ovarian cancer initiation (transformation) or progression.
Characterizing and Correcting Phase Biases in Short-Term, Multilooked Interferograms
Authors: Maghsoudi Yasser , Hooper Andy , Wright Tim , Ansari Homa , Lazecky Milan
Published: July 2021

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is widely used to measure deformation of the Earth’s surface over large areas and long time periods. A common strategy to overcome coherence loss in long-term interferograms is to use multiple multilooked shorter interferograms, which can cover the same time period but maintain coherence. However, it has recently been shown that using this strategy can introduce a bias (also referred to as “fading signals”) in the interferometric phase, particularly over vegetated areas. We isolate the signature of the phase bias by constructing daisy chain sums of short-term interferograms covering identical 1-year time periods, but using interferograms of different time spans. This shows that the shorter interferograms are more affected by this phenomenon and that different ground cover types are affected differently. We, propose a method for correcting the phase bias, based on the assumption that the bias in an interferogram is linearly related to the sum of the bias in shorter interferograms spanning the same time. We tested the algorithm over a study area in western Turkey by comparing average velocities against results from a phase linking approach that has been shown to be rather insensitive to the phase bias. Our corrected velocities agree well with those from phase linking approach. Our approach can be applied to global compilations of short-term interferograms and offer the possibility of accurate long-term velocities without a requirement for coherence in long-term interferograms.
Combining shallow-water and analytical wake models for tidal array micro-siting
Authors: Jordan Connor , Dundovic Davor , Fragkou Anastasia , Deskos Georgios , Coles Daniel , Piggott Matthew , Angeloudis Athanasios
Published: July 2021

For tidal-stream energy to become a competitive renewable energy source, clustering multiple turbines into arrays is paramount. As a result, array optimisation is critical for achieving maximum power performance and reducing cost of energy. However, ascertaining an optimal array layout is a highly complex problem, subject to specific site hydrodynamics and multiple inter-disciplinary constraints. In this work, we present a novel optimisation approach that combines an analytical-based wake model, FLORIS, with an ocean model, Thetis. The approach is demonstrated with applications of increasing complexity. By utilising the method of analytical wake superposition, the addition or alteration of turbine position does not require re-calculation of the entire flow field, thus allowing the use of simple heuristic techniques to perform optimisation at a fraction of the computational cost of more sophisticated methods. Using a custom condition-based placement algorithm, this methodology is applied to the Pentland Firth for arrays with turbines of 3.05 m/s rated speed, demonstrating practical implications whilst considering the temporal variability of the tide. For a 24 turbine array case, micro-siting using this technique delivered an array 15.8\% more productive on average than a staggered layout, despite flow speeds regularly exceeding the rated value. Performance was evaluated through assessment of the optimised layout within the ocean model that represents the turbines through a discrete turbine representation.Used iteratively, this methodology could be applied to deliver improved array configurations in a manner that accounts for local hydrodynamic effects.
Imprint of the Pacific Walker Circulation in global precipitation δ18O
Authors: Falster Georgina , Konecky Bronwen , Madhavan Midhun , Stevenson Samantha , Coats Sloan
Published: July 2021

*This article is now published, and freely available from Journal of Climate at https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0190.1*Characterising variability in the global water cycle is fundamental to predicting impacts of future climate change; understanding the role of the Pacific Walker circulation (PWC) in the regional expression of global water cycle changes is critical to understanding this variability. Water isotopes are ideal tracers of the role of the PWC in global water cycling, because they retain information about circulation-dependent processes including moisture source, transport, and delivery. We collated publicly-available measurements of precipitation δ18O (δ18OP), and used novel data processing techniques to synthesise long (34-year), globally-distributed composite records from temporally discontinuous δ18OP measurements. We investigated relationships between global-scale δ18OP variability and PWC strength, as well as other possible drivers of global δ18OP variability—including the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and global mean temperature—and used isotope-enabled climate model simulations to assess potential biases arising from uneven geographical distribution of the observations or our data processing methodology. Co-variability underlying the δ18OP composites is more strongly correlated with the PWC (r = 0.74) than any other index of climate variability tested. We propose that the PWC imprint in global δ18OP arises from multiple complementary processes, including PWC-related changes in moisture source and transport length, and a PWC- or ENSO-driven ‘amount effect’ in tropical regions. The clear PWC imprint in global δ18OP implies a strong PWC influence on the regional expression of global water cycle variability on interannual to decadal timescales, and hence that uncertainty in the future state of the PWC translates to uncertainties in future changes in the global water cycle.
Craniodental morphology and phylogeny of marsupials
Authors: Beck Robin M. D. , Voss Robert , Jansa Sharon
Published: July 2021

The current literature on marsupial phylogenetics includes numerous studies based on analyses of morphological data with relatively limited sampling of Recent and fossil taxa, and many studies based on analyses of molecular data that include a dense sampling of Recent taxa, but relatively few that combine both data types. Another dichotomy in the marsupial phylogenetic literature is between studies that focus on New World taxa, others that focus on Sahulian taxa. To date, there has been no attempt to assess the phylogenetic relationships of the global marsupial fauna, based on combined analyses of morphology and molecular sequences, for a dense sampling of Recent and fossil taxa. For this report, we compiled morphological and molecular data from an unprecedented number of Recent and fossil marsupials. Our morphological data consist of 180 craniodental characters that we scored for 97 species representing every currently recognized Recent genus, 42 additional ingroup (crown-clade marsupial) taxa represented by well-preserved fossils, and 5 outgroups (non-marsupial metatherians). Our molecular data comprise 24.5 kb of DNA sequences from whole-mitochondrial genomes and six nuclear loci (APOB, BRCA1, GHR, RAG1, RBP3 and VWF) for 97 marsupial terminals (the same Recent taxa scored for craniodental morphology) and several placental and monotreme outgroups. The results of separate and combined analyses of these data using a wide range of phylogenetic methods support many currently accepted hypotheses of ingroup (marsupial) relationships, but they also underscore the difficulty of placing fossils with key missing data (e.g., †Evolestes), and the unique difficulty of placing others that exhibit mosaics of plesiomorphic and autapomorphic traits (e.g., †Yalkaparidon). Unique contributions of our study are (1) critical discussions and illustrations of marsupial craniodental morphology, including descriptions and illustrations of some features never previously coded for phylogenetic analysis; (2) critical assessments of relative support for many suprageneric clades; (3) estimates of divergence times derived from tip-and-node dating based on uniquely taxon-dense analyses; and (4) a revised, higher-order classification of marsupials accompanied by lists of supporting craniodental synapomorphies. Far from the last word on these topics, this report lays the foundation for future research that may be enabled by the discovery of new fossil taxa, better-preserved material of previously described taxa, novel morphological characters, and improved methods of phylogenetic analysis.
‘I Sort of Never Felt Like I Should be Worried About it or That I Could be Worried About it’: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Perceived Barriers to Disclosure by Young People with Coeliac Disease
Authors: Wheeler Miranda , David Annabel L , Kennedy Juliet , Knight Matthew
Published: July 2021

Objectives: There has been little research in the UK regarding young people’s experiences of disclosure of psychological difficulties relating to coeliac disease (CD) to others, particularly healthcare professionals. This study sought to address this systematically with a focus on the lived experiences of young people with CD. This study aimed to gain insight into how paediatric gastroenterology services could improve patient experience for those with CD and support identification of patients who may benefit from further psychological support. Design: This study used interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) of patient accounts.Methods: Seven young people with CD (aged 11-16 years) were recruited from a UK hospital paediatric gastroenterology service. Semi-structured interviews were carried out and verbatim transcripts were analysed using IPA to explore young people’s experiences of CD and why they might feel able or unable to disclose psychological difficulties associated with their condition to clinicians. Results: Three superordinate themes emerged from the data. The first encapsulated experiences of adjusting to the diagnosis within a developmental context, including the role of adults in information provision and the importance of peer support. The second outlined experiences of managing perceived or actual stigma regarding others’ perceptions of the condition and themselves. The third incorporated perceived barriers to disclosure relating to power, safety, and beliefs about the role of medical professionals.Conclusions: Findings highlight the importance of clinicians continually providing developmentally appropriate information to young people and actively breaking down barriers to disclosure through body language and use of clear questions regarding emotional experiences.
Study of Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair Using an Anatomically Contoured 3D Mesh
Authors: Mangam Nilesh , Gosaliya Dhaval
Published: July 2021

Background: Laparoscopic inguinal hernia surgery frequently is performed with mechanical fixation of polypropylene mesh. This mechanical fixation, though is necessary to prevent mesh migration, may be associated with pain syndromes and buckling. Recently an anatomically contoured 3D mesh (developed by Dr. Philippe Pajotin) has been introduced which is made up of monofilament polypropylene and resembles normal inguinal area curvature.
Aims and Objective: This study was conducted to know whether elimination of tacking the 3D mesh during Total extraperitoneal approach (TEP) inguinal hernia repair results in decreased postoperative pain without increasing the incidence of hernia recurrence.
Materials and Methods: This was a prospective interventional study in which 63 patients with clinical diagnosis of inguinal hernia were included on the basis of a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. All selected patients underwent laparoscopic TEP inguinal hernia repair using anatomically contoured 3D mesh. Patients were assessed for postoperative pain (using visual analogue scale) during their stay in the hospital as well as in the followup period.
Results: In this study of Lap aroscopic inguinal hernia surgery using anatomically contoured 3D mesh of 63 male patients the most common affected age group was found to be 41-50 years (25.3%) with a mean age of 47.12 years +/- 13.01. Most common inguinal hernia was of indirect type (50.7%) and was seen on right side (52.3%). Mean operative time was 113.57+/- 29.04 minutes in unilateral and 170.6 ± 5.85 minutes in bilateralinguinal hernias. Postoperative mean VAS score (12 hrs) was found to be 3.46 ± 1.51. During follow up at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months mean VAS scores were found to be 0.46 ± 0.50, 0.14 ± 0.35 and 0.01 ± 0.12 respectively. Common complications included seroma (12.6%), pneumoscrotum (7.9%) and peritoneal breech (6.3%). None of the patients developed recurrence during follow up period.
Conclusion: An anatomically contoured mesh for laparoscopic preperitoneal hernia repair usually requires no fixation and has minimal complications. It is associated with excellent recovery and marked reduction in pain.
Selective episiotomy versus no episiotomy – A clinical study on primigravida
Authors: Neogi Joydip , Chaudhuri Rahul , Nandi Swarna , Chowdhury Ranita Roy , Pal Manidip
Published: July 2021

Background: Episiotomy is the incision given over the pudendum, i.e. on the external genitalia organ during the vaginal delivery.
Aims and Objective: In this study it has been tried to evaluate the benefits and the risks of selective episiotomy over spontaneous lacerations.
Materials and Methods: This is an institution based interventional longitudinal study carried out in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology of College Of Medicine & JNM Hospital, Kalyani over a period of 18 months in 218 patients (109 in each group) fulfilling the inclusion criteria. The recruitment and allocation in episiotomy and non-episiotomy groups were random after proper consent from the participants.
Results: The frequency of postpartum perineal pain was around 47% in no episiotomy group and around 60% in selective episiotomy group. There were no cases of dehiscence, haematoma or wound infection in either of the groups. Around 96.22% of the women in the non-episiotomy group were satisfied or very satisfied compared to 89.52% in the selective episiotomy group.
Conclusion: An episiotomy rate of less than 1% found in no episiotomy group as compared to around 18% episiotomy rate in selective episiotomy group. However, they have almost same feto-maternal outcome which successfully establish the effectiveness of no episiotomy practice over the selective one.
Reducing the burden of Anemia: A cost effective sensitive method assessed among women attending post-partum clinic in an urban health centre
Authors: Gupta Debjani Sen , Tapadar Debajyoti
Published: July 2021

Background: Detection and early intervention of anemia in vulnerable population is of paramount importance in public health. Due to higher prevalence of anemia in women especially those who have just delivered and are breast feeding, this study would be of importance.
Aims and Objective: This study was conducted in this population to find out the validity of clinical examination as an effective screening tool.
Materials and Methods: Screening for anemia was conducted in study population by two members of health care providers (doctor and health worker). Results were compared with a gold standard. Standard guidelines were used to classify anemia as mild moderate and severe based on hemoglobin levels. Three sites were clinically examined for anemia and depending on pallor were graded as no, some, or severe pallor. Site wise sensitivity and specificity were considered.
Result: Sensitivity of detecting anemia by clinical examination was 84.3 % by health worker and 64% by doctor. The specificity was 42.8% by health worker and 81.2% by doctor (inter observer agreement was 0.31 or fair). Diagnosing anemia by pallor in lower palpebral conjunctiva had a sensitivity of 66% for both some and severe anemia while that of palmer surface for severe anemia was 33% and moderate anemia was only 23%. On examining oral mucosa for the same purpose severe anemia had a sensitivity of 33% whereas moderate anemia yielded 66% and combination of all the three sites as described earlier had a sensitivity of 64%.
Conclusion: The method of clinical examination as a screening tool for detecting anemia at field level holds good. However, examination of two or more sites should be advocated.
A comparative study of family burden between alcohol dependent patients and patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Nath Subhashish , Nath Kamal
Published: July 2021

Background: Alcohol dependence and Schizophrenia are two major psychiatric illnesses posing considerable burden on the families and caregivers. Alcohol dependence, like Schizophrenia, tends to run a chronic and erratic course causing a significant burn out on the families.
Aims and Objectives: 1. To describe the Socio-demographic characteristics of Alcohol dependent patients and patients with Schizophrenia. 2. To compare the family burden in patients with Alcohol dependence and patients with Schizophrenia.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Psychiatry of a tertiary institute of north eastern India over a period of one year. A total of 100 cases (50 each of Alcohol dependence and Schizophrenia) constituted the study sample. A Semi-structured proforma was used for socio-demographic variables. The assessment of family burden was done using Pai and Kapur Family Burden Interview Schedule.
Results: The two groups differed significantly from each other with respect to most of the sociodemographic variables. The overall family burden in the alcohol dependent patients was significantly higher than in schizophrenia patients.
Conclusion: The families of both Schizophrenia and alcohol dependent patients suffer from moderate to severe amount of burden in various dimensions of their lives and the burden experienced by the families of alcohol dependent patients is in no way lesser than a chronic debilitating illness like Schizophrenia.
A two year retrospective study of cytohistopathological correlation of cervical smear in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Sirasagi Anil Kumar , K Arpitha , Neha Saara , Pattar Pratima Manohar
Published: July 2021

Background: Cervical cancer in women is the second most common cancer and the commonest cause of mortality in developing countries. The introduction of Pap smear test changed the scenario of cervical cancer with an intense drop in the incidence and mortality due to invasive cervical cancer.
Aims and Objective: To evaluate the patterns of cervical smear cytology and to correlate the cervical smear diagnosis with histopathological diagnosis and to assess the efficacy of Pap smears in diagnosing cervical lesions.
Materials and Methods: This two-year retrospective study (January 2018 to December 2019) was done in the department of Pathology in a tertiary care hospital. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were calculated considering histopathological diagnosis of cervical biopsy as the gold standard.
Results: A total of 316 Pap smears were studied, out of which we selected 154 cases who also undergone biopsy or hysterectomy. Epithelial cell abnormalities (ECA) were found in 28 cases (18.2%). Among this the most common ECA was Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) seen in 10 cases (6.5%) followed by LSIL (5.2%), HSIL (3.2%) and SCC of cervix (3.2%). The overall correlation between cervical cytology and histopathology was found in 125 out of 154 cases (81.16%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of pap smear was 90.57%, 62.50%, 95.41%, 43.47% and 87.66% respectively.
Conclusion: Pap smear is a simple, safe, non-invasive and effective method for detection of lesions of the cervix and ECA. Hence, better awareness and periodical cytological screening programs can help in the early detection of malignant cervical lesions and thereby reducing the morbidity and mortality related to this malignancy.
Bipolar TURP decreases post-operative morbidity – A prospective study in a tertiary care hospital from north India
Authors: Maurya Rajesh Kumar , Kumar Vinay , Vineet Kumar
Published: July 2021

Background: Transurethral resection of prostate is considered as gold standard surgical procedure for treatment of benign enlargement of prostate. It can be performed in two forms- monopolar transurethral resection and bipolar transurethral resection.
Aims and Objective: This study was conducted to know which energy source among monopolar and bipolar energy leads to more post-operative morbidity after performing transurethral resection of prostate.
Materials and Methods: In this study, total eighty (80) cases were included. They were suffering from lower urinary tract symptoms which were diagnosed to be due to benign enlargement of prostate after careful clinical and radiological examination. In forty cases, transurethral resection of prostate was performed by using monopolar energy source and in another forty cases, resection of prostate by transurethral route was done using bipolar energy source.
Results: In our study, we found that development of TURP syndrome was more in monopolar TURP group in which pre-operative weight of prostate was more than 50 grams in comparison to bipolar TURP group in which there was no incidence of development of TURP syndrome in same class. Further, post-operative hospital stay and post-operative urethral catheter in situ was less in bipolar TURP group in terms of days as compared to monopolar TURP group.
Conclusion: Our study concludes that Bipolar TURP is better in terms of development of less post-operative morbidity as compared to monopolar TURP. Bipolar TURP must be used extensively in teaching hospitals where students take more time than a seasoned surgeon to perform a surgical procedure and bipolar TURP will come handy in that situation.
Assessment of quality of life in patients after COVID-19 infection: A questionnaire-based observational study
Authors: Hanumantha Kiran Raj , Naik Pooja , Varma Lavanya , Varma Manoj , Manipal Shruthi , Sampath Pavitra
Published: July 2021

Background: By the end of 2019, the world has witnessed a pandemic of COVID-19 caused by novel coronavirus and is referred to as SARS-CoV-2.
Aims and Objectives: The purpose of our research was to show how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected patient`s quality of life after infection with the virus post recovery.
Materials and Methods: It was a questionnaire based cross sectional study. Study tool included a reliability checked self-made questionnaire with 30 questions. It was disseminated through mobile and web-based social media platforms to recovered COVID-19 patients hospitalized at centre, in and around Surathkal. Sample collection was done between September 2020 to December 2020 for about 3 months duration with a total of 550 recovered patients. We found significant stress with increasing age, which was more among males and housewives. Data analyzed by the descriptive statistics association.
Results: Out of 550 recovered patients, with 314 (57.1%) of them being males. The average age was 41.02 years (SD) (16.86). Gender (p=0.017), occupation (p=0.0002), and age (p=0.001) were found to be related to stress levels. Age (p=0.001), occupation (p=0.001), and gender (p=0.002) were found to be related to feelings of isolation. The majority took all precautions, such as social distancing and disinfectant use.
Conclusions: Significant increase in stress with increasing age, which was more among males and housewives. Reduced quality of life in males and elderly patients of covid-19 infection predominantly because of psychological discomfort, but family and friends played a major role as coping mechanisms.
प्रमास्वरूपं तद्भेदाश्च [Pramaswaroopam tadbhedaashcha]
Authors: आचार्यः Acharya पुरुषोत्तम Purushottam
Published: July 2021

नेपाली भाषामा सारंश लेख संगै उपलब्ध छ [Nepali language abstracts available with article] 
[The presented article includes an in-depth discussion of Prama form the perspective of NyayaDarshan and VaisheshikDarshan in Eastern Philosophy. In the process of differentiating the form and aspects of Prama, NyayaDarshan mentions major four types of Prama; Pratyaksha, Anumiti, Upamiti, and Shaabda while VaisheshikDarshan mentions two types of Prama; Pratyakshaand Anumiti. This paper has been prepared following the existing theoretical bases and qualitative research methodology. Article concludes TadwatiTatprakarkaanubhava is itself Prama and in-depth discussion of Prama as the form of true knowledge has been mentioned. From the perspective of VaisheshikDarshan, Upamiti and ShaabaPramahavebeen assumed as the Anumiti and integrated within Anuman. This article is expected to be useful for the readers interested in Prama mentioned in NyayaDarshan and Vaisheshik Darshan.]
Images of Women in Abhijnanashakuntalam as Role Model for Women Empowerment
Authors: Khanal Shyam
Published: July 2021

This paper aims to oversee the forms and image of women in the play Abhijnanashakuntalam written by Kalidasa; a great poet in Sanskrit literature. It is found that most of his works represent two different aspects of woman, one in the form of the poetic and artistic depiction of woman and the other in the form of her status in the prevailing society. The women were able to inspire action and hero’s aspirations with her own nobility and deep human affection which is the typical image for female character and an endless source of inspiration for contemporary art and literature. Hence, the portrayal of women is with the outer and inner beauty in relation to social issues like religion, caste, marriage, sacrifice etc.
Maternal and Perinatal Outcome in Adolescent Pregnancies as Compared to Adult Pregnancies
Authors: Khaniya Bishal
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Adolescence is the period between the ages of 10-19 years that encompasses time from onset of puberty to full legal ages (WHO 2002).

Objective: The objective of the study was to explore effect of maternal ages on fetomaternal and perinatal outcome.

Methods: This is a hospital based retrospective case-control study conducted over 1 year (March 2017 to February 2018) in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital to study the antenatal complications and perinatal outcome in adolescent pregnant women as compared to pregnant women of age 20-30 years.

Results: During this study period, there were 4980 deliveries out of which adolescent pregnancy were 140(2.8%). Anemia was significantly more in teenage group (16.42% vs 8.57%, p=0.047). Incidence of hypertensive disorders was 5.71% and 1.42% (p=0.05) in teenage and adult group. Proportion of babies with intrauterine growth restriction was 5.71% in teenage and 1.42% (p=0.05) in adult group. Low birth weight babies were significantly higher in teenage group than adult group 16.42% vs 8.57% (p=0.047). NNU admission and apgar score were significantly higher in teenage group 5.71% vs 1.42%.

Conclusion: Teenage pregnancies are associated with adverse obstetric and perinatal outcome.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Personal Protective Equipment During COVID–19 Pandemic Among Healthcare Workers in Hetauda
Authors: Bhattarai Susmita , Pradhan Srijana
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Personal protective equipment (PPE) is one of the effective measures to protect health care workers while caring confirmed or suspected patients with COVID-19.

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the use of PPE among health­care workers (HCWs) in Hetauda during COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 138 HCWs from three hospitals in Hetauda: Hetauda Hospital, Makwanpur Sahakari hospital and Hetauda Orthopedic Hospital between December 2020 and January 2021 for two weeks. A validated self-administered question­naire, Likert scale and Observational checklist were used for data collection. The simple descriptive statistics (percentage, mean) and inferential statistics (Chi-square test) were used for the data analysis.

Results: The findings of the study showed that the mean age of the respondents was 26.54 years. Half of the total respondents 70 (50.7%) had adequate knowledge, half 69 (50%) had positive attitude and more than half of the respondents had poor practice 60 (60%) regarding the use of PPE during COVID-19 pandemic. There was significant association of knowledge regarding the use of PPE with training, continue education, profession and attitude at p<0.05 level of significance.

Conclusion: This study concludes that the periodic training program for newly recruited HCWs and refresher training/ continue education for old HCWs to update about the proper use of PPE would enhance the knowledge, attitude and practice of the HCWs. The hospitals should follow the standard PPE guidelines by CDC or WHO while donning and doffing the PPE during the care of Covid patients.
Diagnosis of High-risk Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Singh Sumi
Published: July 2021

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can be defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Screening for GDM is done usually at 24-28 weeks of gestation. In this case a 27-year-old primigravida who was diagnosed as GDM after a one step approach at 22 weeks of pregnancy. Institution of management early by the help of one step diagnosis was associated with successful outcome. The case highlights the importance of diagnosing GDM early especially in developing countries where resources are limited.
Burkholderia Cepacia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus - An unusal Presentation
Authors: Bhat Neeti , Karna Alina , Dutta Sameer
Published: July 2021

Burkholderia Cepacia is an aerobic gram-negative bacillus, rarely affects immunocompetent indi­viduals, usually found in various aquatic environments. We present a case of a 45-year-old male with a known case of diabetes for five years. He presented with high-grade fever, dysuria, and abdominal pain. Routine tests, ultrasonography along together with high-resolution computed tomography was done. High Resolution Computed Tomography showed subtle ground-glass opacity of the superior segment of lingulae of the left lobe of the lungs. Real time polymerase chain reaction was advised to rule out Covid-19 infection, which was negative. Burkholderia Cepacia was identified in Cystine- Lactose-Electrolyte-Deficient Agar culture (CLED).
Off the Streets and into the Fortress: Experiments in Hip Separatism at Toronto’s Rochdale College, 1968–1975
Authors: Henderson Stuart
Published: July 2021

Toronto’s Rochdale College (1968–1975) represented something much more than simply a new venue for countercultural experimentation and identity in the centre of English Canada’s biggest city. It served as a bridge between the hip emphasis on public performativity that characterized the Yorkville scene of the mid-1960s and the more private hip separatism of the early 1970s. The symbolic association between Rochdale and impenetrability was central to both Rochdalians’ self-identification and its perception by outsiders; there also were connections between Rochdale and the broader trend toward hip separatism in the years after 1968.
John Labatt Blows In and Out of the Windy City: A Case Study in Entrepreneurship and Business Failure, 1889–1896
Authors: Bellamy Matthew
Published: July 2021

The Labatt brewery of London, Ontario, just 200 kilometres from the Canada–United States border, was the first Canadian brewery to attempt a strategic expansion into the United States. The paper examines the reasons why John Labatt decided to expand into the United States at the end of the nineteenth century. It analyzes both the “push” and “pull” factors that caused him to attempt to sell his ales, porters, and stouts in Chicago. The paper argues that while entrepreneurial factors played a central role in Labatt’s geographic expansion into the United States, structural factors were more important as a factor in the ultimate inability of Labatt to capture a share of the Chicago market.
DEVELOPMENT OF CEFTA 2006 – MINI SCHENGEN -ECONOMICS VERSUS POLITICS
Authors:   Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina and University of Business Studies Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Grahovac Dijana , Softić Senad ,   Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Economic Faculty in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Published: July 2021

The effectiveness and efficiency of CEFTA 2006, even after almost a decade and a half, are far from utilising the potential. Member States act more as competitors than as partners, manifested by a significant number of formal and informal non-tariff barriers. There is no true will to fully exploit the potential offered by the free trade zone. This is also reflected in the low utilisation of financial resources envisaged for joint cross-border cooperation projects of IPA I and IPA II funds. All countries focus their international exchanges through trade with the EU, and intra-CEFTA trade is focused only on exports. The EU is making efforts to connect more tightly countries by supporting mini-Schengen project for Western Balkans. The paper will try to answer the questions: what economic benefits can the mentioned model bring and is politics a significant obstruction? The comparative regression analysis of the impact of the exchange of goods and services on the economic development of the member states for CEFTA 1992 and CEFTA 2006 will be presented in the paper. The analysis will be done by using the SPSS statistical program.
CAUSES OF DIFFERENTIATED DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL STRUCTURES IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
Authors:   Alexander Dubček University in Trenčín, Faculty of Social and Economic Relations, Študentská 3, 91150 Trenčín, Slovakia, Kráľová Katarína , Sochuľáková Jana ,   Alexander Dubček University in Trenčín, Faculty of Social and Economic Relations, Študentská 3, 91150 Trenčín, Slovakia, Petrušová Dagmar ,   Alexander Dubček University in Trenčín, Faculty of Social and Economic Relations, Študentská 3, 91150 Trenčín, Slovakia
Published: July 2021

Our paper aims to identify and evaluate the factors determining the differentiated development of the regional structure of the Slovak Republic through analysis; directly or indirectly to show the reasons for the lag of some regions of the Slovak Republic. We will analyze the socio-economic lag of the regions in Slovakia through relevant social and economic indicators (e.g. unemployment rate, economic performance, the sectoral structure of the economy, state of infrastructure, average wages, selected demographic structures, level of innovation and others). We calculate and evaluate regional disparities using selected methods, which should point us to the fact that the differences between developed and lagging regions have already reached such proportions that regional polarization and regional disparities are entirely appropriate for this situation.
A REVIEW OF PLATFORM CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY AGE
Authors:   Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China, Ge Jianxin , Li Cong ,   Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China
Published: July 2021

The development of the digital economy has given rise to a new industry structure. Many platform corporates (such as Facebook, Amazon, Uber and Alibaba) have emerged around the world with rapid development, strong momentum and service innovation. With the help of Internet digital technology, platform corporates promote the commonality and integration of resources and value co-creation among the subjects connected by the platform. At the same time, the operation of the platform has also caused hot issues such as "data disputes among platforms", "the responsibility boundary of platform corporates is difficult to determine" and "the platform mode challenges the traditional anti-monopoly restrictions". Therefore, it is very important to promote the research on platform corporate governance. This paper systematically reviews the important literature on platform governance in the Web of Science database. Firstly, it states the connotation of platform corporate and platform governance. Then, it expounds on the main viewpoints of platform enterprise governance from three aspects: governance body, governance system and governance mechanism. Finally, it analyzes and summarizes the characteristics of platform corporate governance, which are multiple subjectivities, the openness of boundary, dynamic relationship and ambiguity of rights and responsibilities, points out the existing problems of platform corporate governance, and provides guidance for the practice of platform corporate governance in the future.