bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MRI-based vertebral bone quality score as a novel bone status marker of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Yang Dan-dan , Li Yi , Tian Jiang-yu , Li Ya , Liu Jian , Liu Yun-song , Cao Xin-wen , Liu Chuan
Published: May 2024

To investigate the application of MRI-based vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score in assessing bone mineral density (BMD) for patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). We reviewed the data of AIS patients between January 2021 and October 2023 with MRI, whole-spine plain radiographs, quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and general information. VBQ score was calculated using T1-weighted MRI. Univariate analysis was applied to present the differences between variables of patients with normal BMD group (QCT Z-score > − 2.0) and low BMD group (QCT Z-score ≤ − 2.0). The correlation between VBQ score and QCT Z-score was analyzed with Pearson correlation test. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine the independent factors related to low BMD. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn to analyze the diagnostic performance of VBQ score in distinguishing low BMD. A total of 136 AIS patients (mean age was 14.84 ± 2.10 years) were included, of which 41 had low BMD. The low BMD group had a significantly higher VBQ score than that in normal group (3.48 ± 0.85 vs. 2.62 ± 0.62, P < 0.001). The VBQ score was significantly negative correlated with QCT Z score (r =  − 0.454, P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, VBQ score was independently associated with low BMD (OR: 4.134, 95% CI 2.136–8.000, P < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve indicated that the diagnostic accuracy of the VBQ score for predicting low BMD was 81%. A sensitivity of 65.9% with a specificity of 88.4% could be achieved for distinguishing low BMD by setting the VBQ score cutoff as 3.18. The novel VBQ score was a promising tool in distinguishing low BMD in patients with AIS and could be useful as opportunistic assessment for screening and complementary evaluation to QCT before surgery.
Smartphone-based sensing and in vivo and in vitro imaging of Mn(vii) based on nitrogen-doped red fluorescent carbon dots
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , Yan Liru , Feng Jianyang , Shi Lihong
Published: May 2024

Schematic diagram of synthesis and application of R-CDs for visual quantification and bioimaging of Mn(vii).
Enzyme-linked immunoassay for simultaneous detection of methyl parathion and sibutramine in apple cider vinegar
Authors: Lu Ning , Zhang Huimin , Wang Yu , Wang Xiaolu , Gao Qianni , Du Yue , Lei Hongtao , Chen Jiahong
Published: May 2024

Methyl parathion, a highly toxic, efficient, and persistent organophosphorus pesticide, is widely used in China.
Phase tuning of a thermal plasma synthesized cobalt oxide catalyst and understanding of its surface modification during the hydrolysis of NaBH4
Authors: Ghodke N. P. , Bhoraskar S. V. , Mathe V. L.
Published: May 2024

The surface of thermal plasma synthesized phase-tuneable cobalt oxide nanoparticles is studied for hydrogen production from NaBH4.
Molecular engineering of 3-arylated tetrazo[1,2-b]indazoles: divergent synthesis and structure–property relationships
Authors: Bousfiha Asmae , Abidi Oumaima , Lemetayer Louis , Sood Navya , Tolbatov Iogann , Barrois Fabien , Daher Ahmad , Cattey Hélène , Cordier Marie , Hissler Muriel , Hierso Jean-Cyrille , Fleurat-Lessard Paul , Bouit Pierre-Antoine , Roger Julien
Published: May 2024

Divergent synthesis of 3-arylated tetrazo[1,2-b]indazoles and analysis of their reactivities.
Barium titanate photocatalysts with silver–manganese dual cocatalyst for carbon dioxide reduction with water
Authors: Liu Shuwei , Qiu Hongxuan , Yamamoto Akira , Yoshida Hisao
Published: May 2024

Ag NPs and MnOx selectively deposited on the reductive and oxidative facets of BaTi4O9, respectively, work together in the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 with water to form CO, O2, and H2O2.
A new nanostructured γ-Li3PO4/GeO2 composite for all-solid-state Li-ion battery applications
Authors: El-Shinawi Hany , Cussen Edmund J. , Cussen Serena A.
Published: May 2024

Novel, deformable γ-Li3PO4/GeO2 nanoarchitectures are synthesized and densified by cold pressing, allowing promising electrochemical properties for application in all-solid-state batteries.
Design and synthesis of nucleic acid nano-environment interactome-targeting small molecule PROTACs and their anticancer activity
Authors: Tanga Sadiya , Karmakar Arkadeep , Hota Arpita , Banerjee Paramita , Maji Basudeb
Published: May 2024

Small molecule-based nucleic-acid interactome protein degradation through PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) is a relatively new modality in cellular interventions.
Correction: Toward robust lithium–sulfur batteries via advancing Li2S deposition
Authors: Jiao Xun , Tang Xiaoxia , Li Jinrui , Xiang Yujiao , Li Cunpu , Tong Cheng , Shao Minhua , Wei Zidong
Published: May 2024

Correction for ‘Toward robust lithium–sulfur batteries via advancing Li2S deposition’ by Xun Jiao et al., Chem. Sci., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SC02420F.
Ultrasoft silicone gels with tunable refractive index for traction force microscopy
Authors: Terdik J. Zsolt , Weitz David A. , Spaepen Frans
Published: May 2024

We formulate and characterize silicone gels near the gelation threshold with tunable refractive index, 1.4 < n < 1.49, and small viscoelastic moduli, G′∼1 Pa, for use in traction force microscopy.
Current Practices Among Speech-Language Pathologists for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Mixed-Methods Modified Delphi Approach
Authors: Hardin Kathryn Y. , Black Christine , Caldbick Kristine , Kelly Megan , Malhotra Alisha , Tidd Courtney , Vallentin Tina , Turkstra Lyn S.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The study purpose was to capture the clinical practice patterns of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) treating mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI; concussion). Study aims were to (a) characterize expert SLP practice patterns for the management of mTBI and (b) use qualitative content analysis to explore areas of quantitative variability within participants’ responses.

Method

Using a modified Delphi approach, SLPs completed an online survey, with Round 1 responses shaping questions for Round 2. Round 2 results were analyzed using a concurrent partially mixed-methods approach with quantitative and qualitative items. Quantitative consensus agreement levels were set prestudy at 75% agreement or higher. Topic-level items that did not reach consensus were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Participants

SLPs engaging in a specialty mTBI-SLP networking group were invited to participate. Round 1 had nine participants (United States: 4, Canada: 5). Round 2 had 18 participants (United States: 12, Canada: 6), with a mean of 15.7 years of experience in mTBI (range: 3–33) and a mean of 7.6 clients with mTBI seen weekly (range: 1–25).

Results

Nearly all topic-level practice items met quantitative consensus (42/45). Consensus areas included using conceptual frameworks, interprofessional teaming, assessment and intervention practices, goal setting, and outcomes. Functional, collaborative, and client-centered care anchored clinical practice. Areas lacking consensus included SLP roles in mTBI mental and somatic health symptoms, specific measurement tools, and intervention dosages. Qualitative themes that emerged included limited interprofessional awareness for the role of SLPs in mTBI and challenges in measurement selection.

Conclusions

Study aims were met with clear consensus on clinical patterns implemented by SLPs specializing in mTBI. Results will inform both current clinical practices and future practice guidelines. High-level guidance and advocacy are needed to clarify SLP practice concerns and advance interprofessional education. Future work should address identified gaps, including targeted assessment tools and consensus on intervention methods.
Prosodic and Visual Cues Facilitate Irony Comprehension by Mandarin-Speaking Children With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Yu Qianxi , Li Honglan , Li Shanpeng , Tang Ping
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

This study investigated irony comprehension by Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants, focusing on how prosodic and visual cues contribute to their comprehension, and whether second-order Theory of Mind is required for using these cues.

Method:

We tested 52 Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants (aged 3–7 years) and 52 age- and gender-matched children with normal hearing. All children completed a Theory of Mind test and a story comprehension test. Ironic stories were presented in three conditions, each providing different cues: (a) context-only, (b) context and prosody, and (c) context, prosody, and visual cues. Comparisons were conducted on the accuracy of story understanding across the three conditions to examine the role of prosodic and visual cues.

Results:

The results showed that, compared to the context-only condition, the additional prosodic and visual cues both improved the accuracy of irony comprehension for children with cochlear implants, similar to their normal-hearing peers. Furthermore, such improvements were observed for all children, regardless of whether they passed the second-order Theory of Mind test or not.

Conclusions:

This study is the first to demonstrate the benefits of prosodic and visual cues in irony comprehension, without reliance on second-order Theory of Mind, for Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants. It implies potential insights for utilizing prosodic and visual cues in intervention strategies to promote irony comprehension.
SkatingVerse: A large‐scale benchmark for comprehensive evaluation on human action understanding
Authors: Gan Ziliang , Jin Lei , Cheng Yi , Cheng Yu , Teng Yinglei , Li Zun , Li Yawen , Yang Wenhan , Zhu Zheng , Xing Junliang , Zhao Jian
Published: May 2024

Human action understanding (HAU) is a broad topic that involves specific tasks, such as action localisation, recognition, and assessment. However, most popular HAU datasets are bound to one task based on particular actions. Combining different but relevant HAU tasks to establish a unified action understanding system is challenging due to the disparate actions across datasets. A large‐scale and comprehensive benchmark, namely SkatingVerse is constructed for action recognition, segmentation, proposal, and assessment. SkatingVerse focus on fine‐grained sport action, hence figure skating is chosen as the task object, which eliminates the biases of the object, scene, and space that exist in most previous datasets. In addition, skating actions have inherent complexity and similarity, which is an enormous challenge for current algorithms. A total of 1687 official figure skating competition videos was collected with a total of 184.4 h, exceeding four times over other datasets with a similar topic. SkatingVerse enables to formulate a unified task to output fine‐grained human action classification and assessment results from a raw figure skating competition video. In addition, SkatingVerse can facilitate the study of HAU foundation model due to its large scale and abundant categories. Moreover, image modality is incorporated for human pose estimation task into SkatingVerse. Extensive experimental results show that (1) SkatingVerse significantly helps the training and evaluation of HAU methods, (2) the performance of existing HAU methods has much room to improve, and SkatingVerse helps to reduce such gaps, and (3) unifying relevant tasks in HAU through a uniform dataset can facilitate more practical applications. SkatingVerse will be publicly available to facilitate further studies on relevant problems.
Study on space charge accumulation characteristics of silicone elastomer under DC voltage
Authors: Zhang Jinqiang , Li Xuebao , Sun Peng , Zhao Zhibin , Cui Xiang , Wei Xiaoguang , Tang Xinling , Jin Rui
Published: May 2024

The electric field distortion caused by the accumulation of space charge in the insulating dielectric is easy to lead to accelerated ageing and even breakdown. In this paper, the space charge characteristics and the interfacial electric field change with time of silicone elastomer under different polarity DC voltages are studied. The results show that the homopolar charge injection is dominant in the silicone elastomer, and the electric field threshold is less than 4 kV/mm. The accumulation of homopolar charge weakens the interfacial electric field, resulting in the reduction of charge injection, and the interfacial electric field and spatial charge distribution gradually stabilise over time. In addition, the electric field at the interface does not decrease to the charge injection field threshold when it reaches stability. A time‐varying electric field model of the metal‐dielectric interface under a direct current field is derived and a calculation method for the time of charge accumulation to stabilise is proposed, based on the Schottky injection model and the relation between current density and volume charge density. The accuracy of the model is verified by comparing it with the experimental results of the stability time of silicone elastomer. This model is used to estimate the time when space charge accumulation reaches stability by means of the electric field threshold and the interface barrier, which can provide reference for the experimental measurement of space charge.
Kinetic temperature of massive star-forming molecular clumps measured with formaldehyde
Authors: Zhao X. , Tang X. D. , Henkel C. , Gong Y. , Lin Y. , Li D. L. , He Y. X. , Ao Y. P. , Lu X. , Liu T. , Sun Y. , Wang K. , Chen X. P. , Esimbek J. , Zhou J. J. , Wu J. W. , Qiu J. J. , Zheng X. W. , Li J. S. , Luo C. S. , Zhao Q.
Published: May 2024

The kinetic temperature structure of the massive filament DR21 within the Cygnus X molecular cloud complex has been mapped using the IRAM 30 m telescope. This mapping employed the para-H2CO triplet (JKaKc = 303−202, 322−221, and 321–220) on a scale of ~0.1 pc. By modeling the averaged line ratios of para-H2CO 322–221/303–202 and 321–220/303 –202 with RADEX under non local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) assumptions, the kinetic temperature of the dense gas was derived, which ranges from 24 to 114 K, with an average temperature of 48.3 ± 0.5 K at a density of n(H2)= 105 cm−3. In comparison to temperature measurements using NH3 (1, 1)/(2,2) and far-infrared (FIR) wavelengths, the para-H2CO(3–2) lines reveal significantly higher temperatures. The dense clumps in various regions appear to correlate with the notable kinetic temperature (Tkin ≳ 50 K) of the dense gas traced by H2CO. Conversely, the outskirts of the DR21 filament display lower temperature distributions (Tkin < 50 K). Among the four dense cores (N44, N46, N48, and N54), temperature gradients are observed on a scale of ~0.1–0.3 pc. This suggests that the warm dense gas traced by H2CO is influenced by internal star formation activity. With the exception of the dense core N54, the temperature profiles of these cores were fitted with power-law indices ranging from −0.3 to −0.5, with a mean value of approximately −0.4. This indicates that the warm dense gas probed by H2CO is heated by radiation emitted from internally embedded protostar(s) and/or clusters. While there is no direct evidence supporting the idea that the dense gas is heated by shocks resulting from a past explosive event in the DR21 region on a scale of ~0.1 pc, our measurements of H2CO toward the DR21W1 region provide compelling evidence that the dense gas in this specific area is indeed heated by shocks originating from the western DR21 flow. Higher temperatures as traced by H2CO appear to be associated with turbulence on a scale of ~0.1 pc. The physical parameters of the dense gas as determined from H2CO lines in the DR21 filament exhibit aremarkable similarity to the results obtained in OMC-1 and N113, albeit on a scale of approximately 0.1–0.4 pc. This may imply that the physical mechanisms governing the dynamics and thermodynamics of dense gas traced by H2CO in diverse star formation regions may be dominated by common underlying principles despite variations in specific environmental conditions.
HIP 41378 observed by CHEOPS: Where is planet d?
Authors: Sulis S. , Borsato L. , Grouffal S. , Osborn H. P. , Santerne A. , Brandeker A. , Günther M. N. , Heitzmann A. , Lendl M. , Fridlund M. , Gandolfi D. , Alibert Y. , Alonso R. , Bárczy T. , Barrado Navascues D. , Barros S. C. C. , Baumjohann W. , Beck T. , Benz W. , Bergomi M. , Billot N. , Bonfanti A. , Broeg C. , Collier Cameron A. , Corral van Damme C. , Correia A. C. M. , Csizmadia Sz. , Cubillos P. E. , Davies M. B. , Deleuil M. , Deline A. , Delrez L. , Demangeon O. D. S. , Demory B.-O. , Derekas A. , Edwards B. , Ehrenreich D. , Erikson A. , Fortier A. , Fossati L. , Gazeas K. , Gillon M. , Güdel M. , Helling Ch. , Hoyer S. , Isaak K. G. , Kiss L. L. , Korth J. , Lam K. W. F. , Laskar J. , Lecavelier des Etangs A. , Magrin D. , Maxted P. F. L. , Mordasini C. , Nascimbeni V. , Olofsson G. , Ottensamer R. , Pagano I. , Pallé E. , Peter G. , Piazza D. , Piotto G. , Pollacco D. , Queloz D. , Ragazzoni R. , Rando N. , Rauer H. , Ribas I. , Santos N. C. , Scandariato G. , Ségransan D. , Simon A. E. , Smith A. M. S. , Sousa S. G. , Stalport M. , Steinberger M. , Szabó Gy. M. , Tuson A. , Udry S. , Ulmer-Moll S. , Van Grootel V. , Venturini J. , Villaver E. , Walton N. A. , Wilson T. G. , Wolter D. , Zingales T.
Published: May 2024

HIP 41378 d is a long-period planet that has only been observed to transit twice, three years apart, with K2. According to stability considerations and a partial detection of the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect, Pd = 278.36 d has been determined to be the most likely orbital period. We targeted HIP 41378 d with CHEOPS at the predicted transit timing based on Pd = 278.36 d, but the observations show no transit. We find that large (> 22.4 h) transit timing variations (TTVs) could explain this non-detection during the CHEOPS observation window. We also investigated the possibility of an incorrect orbital solution, which would have major implications for our knowledge of this system. If Pd ≠ 278.36 d, the periods that minimize the eccentricity would be 101.22 d and 371.14 d. The shortest orbital period will be tested by TESS, which will observe HIP 41378 in Sector 88 starting in January 2025. Our study shows the importance of a mission like CHEOPS, which today is the only mission able to make long observations (i.e., from space) to track the ephemeris of long-period planets possibly affected by large TTVs.
The tangled warp of the Milky Way
Authors: Jónsson Viktor Hrannar , McMillan Paul J.
Published: May 2024

Aims.We aim to determine the influence of the Milky Way’s warp on the kinematics of stars across the disc, and therefore measure its precession rate and line of nodes under different assumptions.

Methods.We applied Jeans’ first equation to a model of a rigidly precessing warp. The predictions of these models were fitted to the average vertical velocities of stars with measured line-of-sight velocities inGaiaDR3 data. We tested models in which the warp’s line of nodes and precession speed are fixed, and models in which they are allowed to vary linearly with radius. We also tested models in which the velocity of stars radially in the disc is included in Jeans’ equation.

Results.The kinematic data are best fit by models with a line of nodes that is 40° offset from the Sun’s Galactic azimuth, significantly leading the line of nodes found from the positions of stars. These models have a warp precession speed of around 13 km s−1kpc−1in the direction of Galactic rotation, close to other recent estimates. We find that including the velocity of stars radially in the disc in our kinematic model leads to a significantly worse fit to the data, and implausible warp parameters.

Conclusions.The Milky Way’s warp appears to be rapidly precessing, but the structure and kinematics of the warped disc are not consistent within the approximation of a fixed, precessing, warp shape. This implies that the Milky Way’s warp is dynamically evolving, which is a challenge to models of the warp’s creation, and must be considered in the context of other known disturbances of the disc.
Expression and Renaturation Analysis of Adenylosuccinate Synthetase from Cordyceps cicadae
Authors: Han Wenying , Ruan Haihua
Published: May 2024

In this study, the objective was to obtain adenylosuccinate synthase (ADSS) in the adenosine biosynthesis pathway of Cordyceps cicadae. The coding sequence (CDS) information of the protein was obtained from transcriptome sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis were employed to predict and analyze the physicochemical properties, hydrophobicity, signal peptide, and advanced structure of ADSS. The ADSS coding sequence was chemically synthesized and a prokaryotic expression vector containing N-terminal His tag (pET28a-ADSS) was constructed. Induction of ADSS expression occurred with 0.1 mmol/L IPTG at 37°C for 2 hours. SDS-PAGE was utilized to detect soluble protein expression levels. Although ADSS primarily expressed as inclusion bodies, soluble proteins were successfully obtained after denaturation and renaturation.
The research progress of syphilitic coronary heart disease
Authors: Wang Hexuan
Published: May 2024

Background Syphilitic Cardiovascular Disease is a cardiovascular condition caused by the invasion of Treponema pallidum, the bacterium responsible for syphilis, into the human body. It encompasses a spectrum of cardiac disorders, including syphilitic aortitis, syphilitic aortic valve insufficiency, syphilitic aortic aneurysm, coronary artery stenosis, and myocardial gumma [1].

Method The research involved a comprehensive literature search in databases such as PubMed using keywords like "syphilis," "coronary heart disease," and "syphilitic coronary heart disease." Selected studies were reviewed to summarize the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and current diagnostic and treatment status of syphilitic coronary heart disease.

Result and Conclusion The research emphasizes the need to consider syphilis as a potential cause in coronary artery disease cases and highlights the clinical aspects and prognosis of syphilitic cardiovascular conditions.
Relevance of arginase in atopic diseases and potential mechanisms of association
Authors: Xiao Min , Wang Wei
Published: May 2024

Atopic diseases have a high incidence all over the world, It affects about 25% of the global population, especially in developed countries and regions. At present, its incidence is still increasing year by year, which brings great pressure to the lives of patients and social economy. Arginase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of Larginine to ornithine and urea in human body and participates in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Arginine metabolism is a key regulator of innate and adaptive immune responses. Study in atopic dermatitis (AD), (AS), atopic asthma rhinitis (AR) and allergic disease, the levels of arginase is closely related to the atopic diseases, this paper provides an overview of arginase biological function and role, analyses its in the blood, the airway and the role of mucous membrane of the skin, through a comprehensive review arginase applied in current clinical atopic disease research, to explore the relationship between arginase and the pathogenesis of atopic diseases, and to explore the potential role of arginase in the pathogenesis of atopic diseases, so as to provide a new plan for the treatment of allergic diseases.
Optimization of immunoturbidimetric assay system enhanced by β2-microglobulin latex
Authors: Hu Mingjie , Xu Chuanrui , Yan Dandan , Gao Le , Zhang Hao
Published: May 2024

In this study, three-factor and three-level orthogonal experiment was used to optimize the detection system of clinical renal function marker β2-microglobulin latex enhanced immune turbidity, so as to prepare a detection system with a wider linear range, solve the false negative problem in clinical detection of high-concentration samples, and improve the detection accuracy. Based on latex enhanced immunoturbidimetry, automatic biochemical analyzer was used to establish the linear relationship between the β2-microglobulin standard with different concentrations and the absorbance change value of 546 nm, and optimize the antibody source, latex microsphere particle size, activator concentration, sealer concentration and buffer system in the β2-microglobulin detection system. The linear range and accuracy of the optimized detection system were evaluated. After optimization, the optimal detection system was obtained, and its detection linear range was 0.2-30 mg/L, which reached the upper limit of the reference range of β2-microglobulin in normal population by 10 times, and the accuracy was in line with clinical standards, which solved the false negative problem of high-concentration samples in clinical testing, eliminated the repeated dilution process of high-concentration samples, simplified the detection steps, and improved the detection accuracy.
Physician-patient speech separation method based on voiceprint technology and privacy protection
Authors: Zhang Li , Liu JingRui , Jing Ming
Published: May 2024

In speech recognition and natural language processing of doctor-patient voice communication, it is critical to distinguish what comes from the healthcare worker and what comes from the patient. In addition, speech contains acoustic and linguistic features that can be identified by machine learning models to measure the speaker's behavioral health. At the same time, it is relatively simple and attractive for patients to use voice data acquisition, as well as relatively cheap and convenient, requiring only a microphone, a quiet place and a device to collect audio samples. Thus, voice-based biomarkers can prescreen for disease, monitor disease progression and response to treatment, and be useful alternative markers for clinical studies with informed consent, but the premise of this process again requires us to distinguish between doctors and patients when taking audio samples. For audio samples of patient voices, in practice, most of the doctor's and patient's voices are not taken separately, but are mixed together. Several speaker recording methods have been used to isolate sound in the time domain; However, these studies do not address how to obtain timelabel-based speech samples, nor how to identify speakers. In this paper, a speech separation method is proposed for the audio separation situation between a doctor and several patients. The method mainly includes three parts: voiceprint segmentation clustering, cutting and splicing, speech identity determination. Doctor and patient audio can be separated while respecting the privacy of the conversation content, and can be stored separately based on the identity of the voice.
Epilepsy Detection Based on Graph Convolutional Neural Network and Transformer
Authors: Nie Shibo
Published: May 2024

Epilepsy detection is a critical medical task, but traditional methods face challenges in accuracy and reliability due to the difficulty of EEG data acquisition and the limitation of the number of sample seizures. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes a new model for epilepsy detection that combines Graph Convolutional Neural Network (Graph Convolutional Network, GCN) and Transformer, aiming to significantly improve the accuracy and sensitivity of detection. The core of the model adopts GCN, which utilizes its powerful inter-node relationship capturing capability and graph feature learning mechanism. However, due to the limitation of traditional GCN in integrating global features, this model incorporates the Transformer structure to enhance global feature aggregation and reduce irrelevant feature interactions. After multiple rounds of testing of the GHB-MIT dataset, the model demonstrated excellent performance, with an average sensitivity of 92.97%, specificity of 94.60%, and accuracy of 94.59%, which was significantly better than the traditional method. Further comparison with the latest literature also confirms the advantages of the present method. In summary, the epilepsy detection model we developed based on graph convolutional neural network and Transformer not only shows significant improvement in accuracy and sensitivity, but also provides more accurate and reliable technical support for epilepsy diagnosis, which provides a valuable reference for research in related fields.
MEMS Technology in the Evolution of Structural Control Strategies
Authors: Durga C.S.L. Vijaya , R J Anandhi , Singh Navdeep , S Ajeesh , Kumar Parashar Ashish , Hussein Laith , Praveen
Published: May 2024

The integration of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) into structural control strategies represents a transformative step towards more efficient, precise, and resilient engineering applications. This paper reviews the evolution and current state of MEMS technology in the context of structural control, highlighting key fabrication techniques such as wet and dry etching, sacrificial layer technology, and advanced additive manufacturing (AM). We delve into the unique properties and advantages brought by MEMS in various domains, including drug delivery systems, industrial automation, and tissue engineering. Special attention is given to the comparison of traditional and modern MEMS fabrication methods, examining their impact on device performance, cost-efficiency, and application breadth. The emerging synergy between MEMS and nanotechnology, particularly in enhancing sensor capabilities and fostering new biomedical and environmental applications, is also explored. Through a detailed analysis, this paper underscores the significant role of MEMS in advancing structural control mechanisms and outlines future directions for research and application.
Sine wave electroporation enables drug delivery to brain tumors while minimizing tissue damage
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: May 2024

Sinusoidal waveform offers greater flexibility for targeted effects over square wave pulses.
Assessing the aquatic metabolic-balance response to future condition in a Mediterranean site: from an experimental-design perspective
Authors: Lozano Ismael L.
Published: May 2024

Context Metabolic balance determines whether an ecosystem acts as a source or sink of carbon dioxide (CO2) and considering that a substantial portion of inland aquatic ecosystems act as a source of CO2 to the atmosphere, it is important to highlight that there is still no agreement on how global change will affect the ecosystem metabolic-balance response. It then becomes more important to study the interactions between global-change drivers and aquatic metabolism. Aims Assess possible shifts in ecosystem metabolic balance owing to global-change factors. Methods Collapsed factorial designs and novel experimental units have been used to study responses to future conditions. Key results In the study site, bacterial production was not affected by an increased temperature alone; however, increased nutrient availability may unmask UV or CO2 as a source of stress to bacteria. A synergistic effect between temperature and the combined effect of nutrients and CO2 on primary producers was also found. Conclusions In future scenarios, some heterotrophic inland water ecosystems may shift from heterotrophic to autotrophic states and therefore act as CO2 sinks. Implications This study provides a framework to support a deepening of knowledge on this topic.
Modelling and measurements of heat transfer coefficient in classroom experiments
Authors: Goev Gosho , Velinov Tzvetan
Published: May 2024

Thermal insulation of buildings is important because it has both ecological and social impacts. Most often, it is characterized by the so-called U-value. Heat transfer through walls includes conduction, convection, and thermal radiation. This leads to complex measurements and calculations for assessing the effectiveness of different insulating materials, and the usual methods are not suitable for classroom experiments. We propose a simple method for measuring the U-values of varied materials used in everyday life that can be performed in the classroom. It is based on measuring the temperature inside and outside a box, and the power, released by a resistance coil inside the box.
Boyle, Huygens and the ‘anomalous suspension’ of water
Authors: Chiappetta F , Meringolo C , Riccardi P , Tucci R , Bruzzese A , Prete G
Published: May 2024

We discuss experiments aimed at retracing some of the experiments on vacuum performed in the 17th century by Boyle and Huygens. We focus on the ‘anomalous suspension’ of water reported by Huygens in 1662. Our revisitation allows to discuss the apparent contrast between the results obtained by Boyle and Huygens. This controversy was one of the first conducted in scientific terms and offers the possibility of illustrating to the students how competitions and debates are conducted in modern science, which appears important in a period in which science is contested by antiscientific movements.
Characterization of a novel TORT cable wound of stabilized striated REBCO tapes for reduced magnetization AC losses
Authors: Cuninková Eva , Frolek Lubomír , Šouc Ján , Ferenčík Filip , Bónová Lucia , Száraz Zoltán , Skarba Michal , Hulačová Simona , Pekarčíková Marcela , Šimon Štefan
Published: May 2024

REBCO (rare-earth barium copper oxide) high-temperature superconducting tapes, have a high potential for winding of large magnet coils. Tapes on round tube (TORT) cables represent a promising option for achieving a conductor suitable for the winding of magnet coils. However, certain applications, such as accelerator magnets, require the use of superconducting cables with low magnetization alternative current (AC) losses. There are several methods to reduce AC losses in TORT cables. Our first approach was to get rid of eddy currents by replacing the copper former with dielectric materials based on polymers and composites, i.e. polyethylene terephthalate glycol-modified reinforced with carbon fibers. Additional reduction of hysteretic loss was achieved by striating of copper coated REBCO tapes. We employed chemo-mechanical striating, for these objectives. However, the superconductor is exposed during the striating process, which may lead to later moisture-related degradation. Hence multilayers based on Ti/AlN were deposited using magnetron sputtering in order to protect the superconductor immediately after the striating process from water and atmospheric moisture corrosion. Subsequently, striated tapes as well as the non-striated tapes were then wound onto formers with diameters of 10 mm, 7 mm and 5.5 mm, and then on the short TORT cables bending tests were performed. After each technological step, direct current measurements were performed on the samples and finally the AC losses were measured.
Coulomb impurities in graphene driven by ultrashort electromagnetic pulses: excitation, ionization, and pair creation
Authors: Rakhmanov Saparboy , Egger Reinhold , Matrasulov Davron
Published: May 2024

We provide a theory for electronic transitions induced by ultrashort electromagnetic pulses in two-dimensional artificial relativistic atoms which are created by a charged impurity in a gapped graphene monolayer. Using a non-perturbative sudden-perturbation approximation, we derive and discuss analytical expressions for the probabilities for excitation, ionization and electron-hole pair creation in this system.
Theoretical designing of 9,9'-dicarbazole-based dye via end-group modification for indoor DSSC applications
Authors: Abbas Shahid , Hussain Riaz , Haider Muhammad Durair Sajjad , Jawad Komal , Kanwal Noureen , Hussain Ajaz , Hussain Riaz , Ayub Khurshid , A Assiri Mohammed
Published: May 2024

Molecular modeling has garnered significant attention in the realm of organic solar cells (OSCs) because it holds the promise of producing more efficient OSCs with notably enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE). In this quest, we have undertaken a strategic modification of the acceptor moieties within the recently synthesized metal-free dicarbazole-based organic dye Cz-2, resulting in five novel theoretical dyes, designated as PT1-PT5. Numerous simulations encompassed both the newly designed compounds and the reference (Cz-2) by using DFT and TD-DFT, a comprehensive characterization aimed at enhancing photovoltaic and optoelectronic properties. We probed into the analysis of ground state geometry, frontier molecular orbitals, transition density matrix, optical properties, density of state, binding energy, molecular electrostatic potential, reorganizational energy, open-circuit voltage, and fill factor. Our findings unveiled a common trend among all the theoretical dyes, a reduction in band gap (Eg), a notable red-shift in absorbance ranging from 434 nm to 554 nm, and lowered binding and excitation energy. The decreased reorganization energy i.e., λ
e and λ
h, spanning a range from 0.0040 to 0.0052 eV and 0.0043 to 0.0075 eV respectively, promised significantly enhanced charge mobility. Intriguingly, the binding energies of all the designed compounds consistently registered values lower than that of reference (R), with figures ranging from 0.55 to 0.64 eV, compared to the binding energy of R (0.67 eV). These dyes show significant potential for indoor photovoltaics as they can absorb light in the visible range for indoor renewable energy applications. Our comprehensive analyses suggest that PT1-PT5 are promising candidates with great potential for advancing the field of renewable energy.
Quantum Boltzmann machines: Clifford algebras and asymptotic analysis
Authors: Trindade Marco A S , Lula-Rocha Vinícius N A
Published: May 2024

We analyze mathematical aspects related to general quantum Boltzmann machine models through representations of algebras and functional analytic techniques. In this context, based on algebraic formulation we show the existence of a symmetry group for a class of Hamiltonians based on generators of Clifford algebras and discuss its implications for the learning scheme. Also, we have developed a rigorous mathematical analysis that allows us to investigate issues related to the asymptotic behavior of quantum Boltzmann machines. Particularly, we obtain a lower bound of fidelity in terms of the upper limit of quantum relative entropy.
Integrated photodetectors embedded within fiber laser based on hybrid rGO:ZnO nanostructures
Authors: Naderi Nima , Ahmad Harith , Ismail Mohammad Faizal
Published: May 2024

Online power monitoring is helpful in fiber-optic communication applications. This report introduced an innovative all-fiber photodetector based on the polished side of an arc-shaped fiber for the optical signals’ in situ measurements. For this purpose, a metal-semiconductor–metal photodetector was designed with multiple interdigitated metal fingers of gold electrodes. A waveguide structure containing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), graphene layers, and zinc oxide nanostructures was developed and covered over the arc-shaped fiber. Due to the PMMA’s refractive index (n = 1.4905), the evanescent field of propagating mode was drawn out of the core, thus increasing the light interaction with semiconductor nanostructures. To study the influence of graphene flakes on the optoelectrical behavior of zinc oxide nanostructures, a suspension of graphene oxide (GO) and ZnO nanorods was synthesized and transferred onto the PMMA thin film, which was deposited on the polished side of the arc-shaped fiber. The morphological analysis indicates the formation of ZnO nanorods with different orientations, and these nanorods have the potential to enhance incident photon trapping greatly. Upon photon exposure, the guiding photons in the fiber evanescently coupled with the deposited nanostructures, and the photoexcited electron–hole pairs were generated in the semiconductor material. Using applied voltage across the interdigitated electrodes, the generated excitons were separated and increased the photocurrent, which was monitored precisely by source-measure equipment. The optoelectrical properties of fabricated devices showed that incorporating graphene layers can improve the photon detection performance of the fabricated all-fiber photodetectors based on ZnO nanostructures.
Spatially-curved spacetimes in higher–dimensional Klein–Gordon–Rastall theory
Authors: Rahman Aulia A , Fadhilla Emir S , Gunara Bobby E , Atmaja Ardian N
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we analyze higher-dimensional gravitational Rastall theory coupled with a scalar field on spatially-curved spacetimes. Particularly, the theory admits baryotropic cosmic fluid and a massless quintessence scalar field whose scalar potential has the exponential form. In this setup, we obtain six critical points among which there is a scalar-field’s kinetic dominated solution which describes both inflationary and late-time era related to the scalar potential parameter. In our model, we also show that the three parameters, namely the scalar potential parameter, the baryotropic parameter, and the Rastall parameter, become bifurcation parameters which determine the stability of the critical points.
Quantum tunneling in the early universe: stable magnetic monopoles from metastable cosmic strings
Authors: Lazarides George , Maji Rinku , Shafi Qaisar
Published: May 2024

We present a novel mechanism for producing topologically stable monopoles (TSMs) from the quantum mechanical decay of metastable cosmic strings in the early universe. In an SO(10) model this mechanism yields TSMs that carry two units (4π/e) of Dirac magnetic charge as well as some color magnetic charge which is screened. For a dimensionless string tension parameter Gμ ≈ 10-9-10-5, the monopoles are superheavy with masses of order 1015-1017 GeV. Monopoles with masses of order 108-1014 GeV arise from metastable strings for Gμ values from ∼ 10-22 to 10-10. We identify the parameter space for producing these monopoles at an observable level with detectors such as IceCube and KM3NeT. For lower Gμ values the ultra-relativistic monopoles should be detectable at Pierre Auger and ANITA. The stochastic gravitational wave emission arise from metastable strings with Gμ ∼ 10-9-10-5 and should be accessible at HLVK and future detectors including the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer. An E
6 extension based on this framework would yield TSMs from the quantum mechanical decay of metastable strings that carry three units (6π/e) of Dirac magnetic charge.
SKA sensitivity for possible radio emission from dark matter in Omega Centauri
Authors: Wang Guan-Sen , Chen Zhan-Fang , Zu Lei , Gong Hao , Feng Lei , Fan Yi-Zhong
Published: May 2024

Omega Centauri, the largest known globular cluster in the Milky Way, is believed to be the remains of a dwarf galaxy's core. Giving its potential abundance of dark matter (DM), it is an attractive target for investigating the nature of this elusive substance in our local environment. Our study demonstrates that by observing Omega Centauri with the SKA for 100 hours, we can detect synchrotron radio or Inverse Compton (IC) emissions from the DM annihilation products. It enables us to constrain the cross-section of DM annihilation down to ∼ 10-30 cm3 s-1 for DM mass from several GeV to 100 GeV, which is much stronger compared with other observations. Additionally, we explore the axion, another well-motivated DM candidate, and provide stimulated decay calculations. It turns out that the sensitivity can reach g
aγγ ∼ 10-10 GeV-1 for 2 × 10-7 eV< ma < 2 × 10-4 eV.
Hysteresis of European summer precipitation under a symmetric CO2 ramp-up and ramp-down pathway
Authors: Im Nari , Kim Daehyun , An Soon-Il , Paik Seungmok , Kim Soong-Ki , Shin Jongsoo , Min Seung-Ki , Kug Jong-Seong , Oh Hyoeun
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the mechanism of the hysteresis of European summer mean precipitation in a CO2 removal (CDR) simulation. The European summer mean precipitation exhibits robust hysteresis in response to the CO2 forcing; after decreasing substantially (∼40%) during the ramp-up period, it shows delayed recovery during the ramp-down period. We found that the precipitation hysteresis over Europe is tied to the hysteresis in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). During the ramp-down period, an anomalous high surface pressure circulation prevails over Europe. The anomalous high pressure system is a baroclinic response of the atmosphere to strong North Atlantic cooling associated with a weakened AMOC. This anomalous circulation suppresses summertime convective activity over the entire Europe by decreasing near-surface moist enthalpy in Central and Northern Europe while increasing lower free-tropospheric temperature in Southern Europe. Our findings underscore the need to understand complex interactions in the Earth system for reliable future projections of regional precipitation change under CDR scenarios.
Cone-restricted information theory
Authors: George Ian , Chitambar Eric
Published: May 2024

The max-relative entropy and the conditional min-entropy of a quantum state plays a central role in one-shot and zero-error quantum information theory. One attractive feature of this quantity is that it can be expressed as an optimization over the cone of positive semidefinite operators. Recently, it was shown that when replacing this cone with the cone of separable operators, a new type of conditional min-entropy emerges that admits an operational interpretation in terms of communicating classical information over a quantum channel. In this work, we explore more deeply the idea of building information-theoretic quantities from different base cones and determine which results in quantum information theory rely upon the positive semidefinite cone and which can be generalized. In terms of asymptotic information processing, we find that the standard equipartition properties break down if a given cone fails to approximate the positive semidefinite cone sufficiently well. We also show that the near-equivalence of the smooth max and Hartley entropies breaks down in this setting. We present parallel results for the extended conditional min-entropy, which requires extending the notion of k-superpositive channels to superchannels. On the other hand, we show that for classical-quantum states the separable cone is sufficient to re-cover the asymptotic theory, thereby drawing a strong distinction between the fully and partial quantum settings. We also present operational uses of this framework. We show that the cone restricted min-entropy of a Choi operator captures a measure of entanglement-assisted noiseless classical communication using restricted measurements. We also introduce a novel min-entropy-like quantity that captures the conditions for when one quantum channel can be transformed into another using bistochastic pre-processing. Lastly, we relate this framework to general conic norms and their non-additivity. Throughout this work, we concretely study generalized entropies in resource theories that capture locality and resource theories of coherence/Abelian symmetries.