bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legal Frameworks, Political Environment and Performance of Biosocial Projects in Informal Settlements in Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Ngacha Njeri Simon , Gakuu Christopher Mwangi , Jepchumba Kidombo Harriet
Published: November 2020

This scholarly work studied Legal frameworks, political environment and performance of biosocial projects in informal settlements in Nairobi County, Kenya. Purpose of this scholarly work was to ascertain political environment moderate’s relationship between legal frameworks and performance of biosocial projects in informal settlements in Nairobi County, Kenya. The variable indicators were derived from legal frameworks and political environment indicators as independent variables against performance of biosocial projects indicators as dependent variable of this scholarly work. The study was premised on project theory for the two independent variables and for the dependent variable theory of constraint. In this study Pragmatism and mixed research approach were embraced to examine political environment, legal frameworks and performance of biosocial projects while descriptive and correlational research designs were adopted. Self dispensed questionnaires were administered to gather quantitative data while interview guides were used to collect qualitative data after the pilot testing of research instruments to test validity through content related method and reliability through test-retest criterion. A sample size of 183 individuals from 61 biosocial projects were selected from a target sample of 70 biosocial projects in Nairobi County through Gakuu, Kidombo and Keiyoro, 2016 sampling formula (s= (z/e)2). Quantitative data was computed from structured questionnaires administered to 61 staff members working in the selected biosocial projects and 61 beneficiaries from the biosocial projects besides qualitative in- depth interviews with 61 key informants from State and non-state actors through purposive sampling technique. The statistical tools of analysis that were used were arithmetic mean and the standard deviation for descriptive data whereas Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation (r) in addition to Stepwise Regression (R2) were used as inferential statistics tools of analysis, hypothesis was tested by use of F-tests. To avoid invalidation of statistical analysis, tests of statistical assumptions were carried out before data analysis. From the data analysis the null hypothesis that stated the relationship between legal frameworks and performance of biosocial projects in informal settlements in Nairobi County is not moderated by political environment was accepted with F = 15.207, p =0.000<0.05, r = 0.382, Adjusted R2 = 0.136 in step one against step two where F = 6.263, p =0.000<0.05, r = 0.390, Adjusted R2 = 0.128 and concluded that Adjusted R2 decreased from 0.136 to 0.128 and F statistics reduced from 15.207 to 6.263 the effect of relationship of legal frameworks on performance of biosocial projects.
Carbon footprint in the annual statements of Polish mass passenger transportation carriers
Authors: Kotyla Cyryl , Hyży Maciej
Published: November 2020

Purpose: Environmental protection constitutes an important challenge for 21st-century civilization and stakeholders not only expect financial statements that describe an entity numerically, but they also want additional, non-financial/descriptive data that presents the impact of the business operations on the natu-ral environment.The main objective of the study was to verify whether the financial statements and man-agement board reports on the activities of Polish mass passenger transportation carriers contain infor-mation on the impact of their activities on the environment, and in particular, about the carbon footprint. Consequently, does the information contained allow for an objective assessment of the impact of mass passenger transportation carriers on the climate, and thus allow stakeholders to make decisions regarding the conclusion of business transactions with these companies? Methodology/approach: The following research methods were used in the study: a literature review, analysis of legal acts, a case study, and deduction and synthesis methods. Findings: On the example of the audited entities, it was found that current disclosures in the area on the impact of business activity on the natural environment of entities dealing with mass passenger transportation are not satisfactory. Originality/value: The article is part of a scientific discussion on the growing importance of financial and non-financial disclosures regarding the impact of business activity on the natural environment.
Editor's Note
Authors: Nedel Luciana
Published: November 2020

Note of the editor
„Le Roi Carotte“
Authors: Grün Alexander
Published: November 2020

This complete analysis of an almost unknown late work by Offenbach makes it abundantly clear that his stage works contain much more than just pleasing melodies and satirical verses. Using the completely-preserved autograph score of the monumental blockbuster opera “Le Roi Carotte”, as well as spectacular costume designs and original stage design models from the first performance, Alexander Grün examines for the first time the genesis of the work as well as all relevant compositional aspects of an opera score from the so-called "father of operetta". This comprehensive analysis of rhythm, melody, harmony, time and tempo structures, leitmotifs and reminiscences, as well as the practical aspects of the first performance at the Théâtre de la Gaîté in Paris in 1872, is unique in Offenbach research and impressively debunks the usual view of Offenbach as a prolific popular composer who never managed to capitalise on his early successes after the collapse of the Second Empire.
Effects of Type and Intensity of Voluntary Contractions With Different Recovery Periods on Anaerobic Power and Maximum Torque in Young Trained Girls
Authors: Momeni Sheykheh Fariba , Monazzami Amirabbas
Published: November 2020

Background: Implementing the post-activation potentiation phenomenon before a competition in the warm-up section may be better than performing the usual warm-up. Objectives: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of type and intensity of muscle contraction with different recovery periods on anaerobic power and peak torque in young trained girls. Methods: Twelve female subjects (age: 22 ± 2.95 years; height: 165.42 ± 5.35 cm; weight: 57.33 ± 9.15 kg) who had at least two years of continuous training experience were randomly selected. The subjects performed the contraction protocols (isometric (3×70/7s), concentric (3 × 90/4), and eccentric (3 × 110/5)) or control conditions in eight sessions with at least 48 hours intervals between the sessions. In this study, the countermovement jump test and Biodex isokinetic device (60°.S-1) model (ISO-1) were used for measuring anaerobic power and maximum peak torque, respectively. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA and one-way independent ANOVA were used for analyzing the data (P < 0.05). Results: The between-group comparisons showed that the highest anaerobic power and peak torque values in immediate and three-minute recovery periods were seen in the concentric protocol, and the highest values in seven-minute recovery periods were seen in the eccentric protocol (P < 0.05). These variables were also significant in concentric and eccentric contractions in within-group comparisons (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Eccentric contraction, similar to other contractions, can produce PAP. It seems that eccentric contractions due to a higher intensity of contractions can maintain more consistency of PAP than do other contractions.
The Anti-Biofilm Activity of Oregano Essential Oil Against Dental Plaque-Forming Streptococcus mutans In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Hejazinia Fatemeh , Fozouni Leila , Azami Nasrin Sadat , Mousavi Seyedgholamreza
Published: November 2020

Background: The oral and dental infections that are mainly caused by bacterial biofilms are among the most prevalent human infections worldwide. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo inhibitory and anti-biofilm effects of oregano essential oil on the Streptococcus mutans isolates obtained from elementary school students. Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 150 samples collected from the buccal and lingual surfaces of the posterior teeth of elementary school students. S. mutans strains were identified using conventional microbiological and biochemical tests, and biofilm formation was assessed using the microtiter plate assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the oregano essential oil against the isolates was determined using the broth microdilution method. In addition, the effective constituents of the essential oil were measured via gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The in vitro and in vivo anti-biofilm activities of the oregano essential oil were also evaluated using the modified microtiter plate assay and on the tooth surfaces of male NMRI mice, respectively. Results: The frequency of S. mutans was 15.3%, 87% of which were capable of biofilm formation. The MIC of the oregano essential oil was 50 µl/ml against the S. mutans isolates, and 82% of the isolates did not grow at the concentrations of ≥ 512 µl/ml. However, none of the isolates were capable of biofilm formation at the MIC and sub-MIC concentrations of the essential oil. Limonene and myrcene were the most effective constituents of the essential oil. Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between treatment with the oregano essential oil and biofilm formation by the streptococci isolates (P = 0.05). Conclusions: According to the results, the presence of biofilm and incidence of dental caries were significantly correlated. Moreover, the essential oil of oregano and its main constituents had potent anti-biofilm and antibacterial properties and could be utilized for the production of new plant-based mouthwashes.
Effectiveness of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Pain and Disability Among Patients with Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized Control Study
Authors: Ojoawo Adesola Ojo , Esan Oluwadare , Oloni Diepreye Ayooluwa
Published: November 2020

Background: Pain after surgery is highly inevitable, and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been reported with side effects. Objectives: This study evaluated the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on pain intensity and disability of patients who underwent hip arthroplasty. Methods: A purposive sampling technique was used to recruit 56 subjects that underwent hip arthroplasty. They were randomly allocated to the TENS group (TG) and control group (CG) equally. The subjects in the TG group were treated with conventional TENS twice a day for three weeks, but the CG group was treated with normal drugs only. Pain intensity and hip disability were measured in both groups with the Visual Analogue scale (VAS) and Oxford hip score before the treatment and after the intervention, respectively. Results: The results showed that there was a significant reduction between the pre-treatment and post-treatment pain intensity (t = 3.83, P = 0.003) and hip disability (t = -4.45, P < 0.001) in the TG group. A significant reduction was also observed in pain intensity (t = 3.16, P = 0.01) and hip disability (t = -6.71, P = 0.000) between the pre-treatment and post-treatment periods in the CG group. There was a significant reduction in post-treatment pain intensity (t = 10, P = 0.000) and hip disability (t = -3.51, P = 0.006) when the TG group was compared with the CG group. Conclusions: TENS was effective in the management of acute post-surgical pain and disability of patients with hip arthroplasty.
Urinary Tract Infections with Non-Escherichia coli Pathogens in Children: An Observational Study
Authors: Naseri Mitra , Sarvari Gholam Reza , Tafazoli Niayesh , Tafazoli Nooshin
Published: November 2020

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) with non-Escherichia coli (E. coli) species are associate with urological abnormalities. Objectives: To compare the prevalence of non-E. coli infections in patients with urological anomalies, neurogenic bladder dysfunction, and those with apparently normal urinary systems. Methods: Pediatric nephrology clinic at a tertiary-care center in east of Iran. Children affected by UTI enrolled from 2003 to 2016. The results of urine culture were noted at enrolment. Cases with nephrolithiasis who had normal voiding cystourethrogram were excluded. After the implementation of imaging and urodynamic examinations, 832 patients enrolled according to the following inclusion criteria: cases with vesicoureteral reflux, urinary obstruction, neurogenic bladder, and patients with apparently normal urinary tract. The prevalence of infections with E. coli vs. non-E. coli pathogens were compared between different groups of enrolled cases. Results: In this study, 62.26% of the subjects had a normal urinary system, while 33.77%, 3.97%, and 2.4% of whom had vesicoureteral reflux, neurogenic bladder, and obstruction, respectively. Non-E. coli pathogens were responsible for infections in 17.29%, 19.39%, 33.74%, and 17.15% of these cases, respectively. Infections with non-E. coli pathogens were significantly more prevalent in cases with neurogenic bladder (P = 0.003). Pseudomonas species were responsible for 4/125, 5/118, 5/28, and 0/6 episodes of non-E. coli infections in cases with apparently normal urinary system, patients with vesicoureteral reflux, cases with neurogenic bladder, and those with urinary obstruction, respectively (P = 0.004). Conclusions: Infections with non-E. coli and also Pseudomonas species are significantly more prevalent in patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction rather than those with urological abnormalities and/or cases with apparently normal urinary system.
Fluvial dynamics and palaeolithic settlement: new data from the Côa Valley (Portugal)
Authors: AUBRY Thierry , SANTOS André Tomás , LUÍS Luís , BARBOSA António Fernando , SILVESTRE Marcelo
Published: November 2020

The geomorphological context of the Côa Valley open-air Palaeolithic rock art offers a unique opportunity to analyse its stratigraphic relationship with preserved Quaternary deposits and to reconstruct those that may have since disappeared. Litho-stratigraphic units, discontinuities and their architecture are interpreted in the context of the valley’s evolution and its environment. The spatial distribution of rock art panels, chronological attribution of the rock art and their geomorphological context can help us to reconstruct the topography of the valley at the time of its production and to identify where rock art panels could be buried, as well as to establish their chronology.
Review of the Eumerus tricolor species group (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Iran, with description of six new species
Authors: Gilasian Ebrahim , Van Steenis Jeroen , Parchami-Araghi Mehrdad
Published: November 2020

The species of the Eumerus tricolor species group in Iran are reviewed. Six species new to science are described from Iran, i.e., Eumerus atricolorus Gilasian & van Steenis sp. nov., E. brevipilosus Gilasian & van Steenis sp. nov., E. chekabicus Gilasian & van Steenis sp. nov., E. ovoformus Gilasian & van Steenis sp. nov., E. pilosipedes Gilasian & van Steenis sp. nov. and E. vallicolus Gilasian & van Steenis sp. nov. Three species, E. hissaricus Stackelberg, 1949, E. longitarsis Peck, 1979 and E. richteri Stackelberg, 1960, are newly recorded from Iran. Photographs of the species as well as illustrations of the male genitalia of the new species and closely related species are provided. An identification key to the males of the Iranian Eumerus tricolor species group is presented. A row of long posterodorsal setae on the wing vein costa basally is presented and argued as a new diagnostic morphological character for the entire Eumerus tricolor species group.
Long live the past: A multiple correspondence analysis of people’s justifications for drawing historical analogies between the Paris attacks and past events
Authors: Ghilani Djouaria , Luminet Olivier , Ernst-Vintila Andreea , Van der Linden Nicolas , Klein Pit , Klein Olivier
Published: November 2020

Comparing present and past situations by means of historical analogy is prevalent in political and public discourses. But when researching this phenomenon, scientists often use reception paradigms, where they ask people which past event is most applicable to a current situation or issue. In these paradigms, analogies are treated as unequivocal—rather than flexible—in their meanings. In this paper, we use a production paradigm to examine why European citizens (in France, Belgium, and Germany) selected historical analogies and justified their meanings following the two 2015 terrorist attacks in France. We find that most participants tend to mention a relatively small number of past events, characterized by similarities in time (recent), space (geographically close) and type (terrorist attacks) with the current attacks. However, a multiple correspondence analysis indicates that, even when they overwhelmingly agree about the relevance of a particular event (the attacks of September 11th 2001) for the present situation, participants confer widely varying—even conflicting—meanings to the “same” analogy, which align with different socio-political attitudes. We suggest that these variations do not just represent the emphasis that different participants place on particular sets of similarities between the past and the present attacks: They also embody specific, and conflicting, stances on salient and controversial issues surrounding the topic of contemporary terrorism (e.g., why were ‘we’ attacked, who deserves to be grieved, how should the government respond). Results are discussed in light of the literature on social representations of both history and terrorism.
Evaluation of spent coffee grounds application in organic fertilizers industry
Authors: Ragauskaitė Dovilė , Šlinkšienė Rasa
Published: November 2020

The main purpose of this thesis was to determine chemical and physical properties of spent coffee grounds (SCG) and evaluate their application in organic fertilizers industry. During the experiment, some physical properties, like particle size distribution and pH level of spent coffee grounds solutions of different concentration, were determined. Two different methods have been chosen to determine carbon content in coffee grounds. Also, several instrumental analysis methods have been used to analyse coffee grounds. The results show that spent grounds are not very acidic, values of 10% solution vary between 5.2–5.8. The concentration of organic carbon is quite high and varies between 4.75–5.74%. The TGA and DSC curves show three-stage decomposition. Above 400℃ spent coffee grounds fully decompose. The total mass loss of SCG varies between 97–98%. Functional groups (such as O–H, C=O) were determined by using FTIR spectroscopy. It is clear from XRD that spent coffee grounds are amorphous material. The SEM results show that particles of coffee grounds have high porosity. A drum granulator was used to make granular fertilizers by using water and phosphoric acid solution, but no pellet was obtained without an additional binder.
In vitro and molecular docking studies of an antiinflammatory scaffold with human peroxiredoxin 5 and tyrosine kinase receptor
Authors:   Research and development centre, Bharathiar university, Coimbatore, 641046, India, Bharathi R ,   Department Of Chemistry, Govt Arts College, C. Mutlur, Chidambaram 608102, India
Published: November 2020

A new series of 4-(3-(2-amino-3,5-dibromophenyl)-1-(4-substitutedbenzoyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzonitrile (4a-h) compounds were synthesized and evaluated for in-vitro anti-inflammatory activities. The spectral (IR, NMR) and elemental analyses data of the product indicated the formation of new pyrazoles 4a-h. Compound 4e exhibited potent anti-inflammatory property with 85.45 % inhibitions. This value was compared with standard diclofenac sodium. This data is explained using molecular docking analysis of receptor-ligand binding. These results demonstrated that pyrazole derivatives are potential inhibitors of Human Peroxiredoxin 5 and Tyrosine kinase receptor in the treatment of inflammation related illness.
Det pædagogiske på facebook – kritik, anvendelse og affekt
Authors: Frederiksen Jan Thorhauge
Published: November 2020

ResumeHvilke forståelser af pædagogik cirkulerer i facebook-diskussioner af pædagogiske forhold som opdragelse, børnehave, skole og familieliv? Hvordan formuleres de, og hvordan spiller de med på forståelsen af hvad pædagogik og pædagoger er og kan?Med udgangspunkt i et kvalitativt materiale fra et antal facebook-grupper, der har pædagogik, pædagoger og pædagogiske forhold som omdrejningspunkt, analyserer jeg de pædagogiske forestillinger om pædagogisk videns karakter, de pædagogiske professioners kompetencer. Et centralt fund er at pædagogik stort set aldrig diskuteres neutralt. Pædagogik og pædagogiske forhold dukker op enten i form af værdimæssigt nødvendige opgaver, der skal løses; situationer, der kalder på forargelse eller vrede; eller politisk/administrative indgreb i det pædagogiske arbejde der kalder på kritik eller begejstring. Tilsvarende virker de argumentationsformer og vidensformer, der henvises til i disse facebook-diskussioner, som socialt lukkende for pædagogprofessionen. Abstract Within debates on Facebook concerning social education, childrearing, kindergarten, schools and family, certain interpretations of social education circulate. This paper explores how such interpretations manifest, and how they affect ideas of social educators and their work. Analyzing a corpus of texts extracted from several social education-related Facebook groups, I illuminate implicit interpretations of social educational knowledge, work and professionalism. One important finding is that social education is never discussed as a neutral endeavor. Social education-related topics are spoken of as valuable task of necessity, as situations and observations that may elicit indignation or anger, or as political and administrative interventions that may elicit critique or praise. Similarly, the arguments and concepts of knowledge which the Facebook debates refer to, function as devices of social closure in relation to the social educator profession.
Pædagogik – opdragelse. Frihed og demokrati. Kausalitet og totaliserende elementer
Authors: Tuft Karsten
Published: November 2020

ResuméBegreberne pædagogik, opdragelse, frihed, demokrati, kausalitet og totaliserende elementer analyseres ud fra sprogteorien i filosofisk hermeneutik (Gadamer). I Oplysningstiden ser vi en konfrontation mellem pædagogik (Pädagogik), som føres frem af de nye socialvidenskaber (Sozialwissenschaft, Staats-; Achenwall, Schlözer), og opdragelse (Erziehung), som føres frem i filosofi (Kant). Oplysningstidens begreb om kausalitet i pædagogik (Schlözer; det, der virker) antages at være forbundet med vore dages totaliserende elementer (Rousseau, Arendt). Frihedens betydning i Oplysningstidens opdragelsesfilosofi (Kant; det, der sker) svækkes i 1800-tallet. Derimod er frihed et stærkt begreb i den politiske proces omkring såvel det repræsentative demokrati (Nevers) som ved opbygningen af danske institutioner for børn og for uddannelse af pædagoger. Gennem den lange politiske kamp for frihed blev samfundet også reformeret med børnehaver og fritidshjem, der blev skabt i tæt sammenhæng med uddannelse af pædagoger; tilsammen kaldet den reformpædagogiske bevægelse. I dag ser vi totaliserende elementer vinde frem og true børns og voksnes myndighed og frihed. AbstractThe concepts of pedagogy, upbringing, freedom, democracy, causality and totalizing elements are analysed through the theory of language in philosophical hermeneutics (Gadamer). During The Enlightenment we find a confrontation between pedagogy (Pädagogik) promoted by the new social sciences (Sozialwissenschaft, Staats-) and upbringing (Erziehung) promoted by philosophy. Enlightenments conception of causality in pedagogy (Schlözer, what works) is assumed to have connection with todays totalizing elements (Arendt). The position of freedom in the Enlightenment philosophy of upbringing (Kant, what happens) is weakend during the 19th century. Nevertheless freedom is a strong political concept connected with representative democracy (Nevers) and the field of Danish early childhood education. During the long political fight for freedom Kindergartens were established together with education of pedagogues, and the reform-pedagogical movement were promoted. Today we are in a transition where totalizing elements gain strength and threatens genuine independency in the life of children and adults.
Pædagogik og handicap
Authors: Indlæg Redaktionelt
Published: November 2020

Indledning
Handicap som vanskeliggjort deltagelse
Authors: Poulsen Christina Holm
Published: November 2020

ResumeMed udgangspunkt i en case, der omhandler pigen Sofies deltagelse i skolen, problematiseres tendensen til, at lærere og pædagoger forstår Sofies deltagelsesvanskeligheder i lyset af en handicapkategori. Casen om Sofie bidrager med praksisnær viden om, hvordan handicap i form af en diagnose får betydning for Sofies deltagelse i skolens faglige og sociale fællesskaber. I artiklen præsenteres en forståelse af fællesskaber som en ’fælles skabelse’, og der peges i den forbindelse på, at det pædagogiske arbejde i forhold til mennesker med handicap retter sig mod processer i fælles-skabelsen med fokus på inddragelse, indflydelse og værdighed.AbstractBased on a case concerned with the girl Sofie’s participation in school, the article problematizes the tendency that teachers and educators understand Sofie’s difficulties through a disability category. The case about Sofie provides practical knowledge of how disability, in form of a diagnosis, appears to be important for Sofie’s participation in professional and social communities in school. The article presents an understanding of communities as a ‘community creation’, and it points out that the pedagogical work in relation to people with disabilities is to concern itself with processes in the community with focus on involvement, influence and dignity.
Struktureret pædagogik og relationspædagogik i arbejdet med unge med autisme og udfordrende adfærd
Authors: Breumlund Anne
Published: November 2020

Øvrige forfattere: Inger Bruun Hansen og Grit Niklasson ResuméArtiklen bygger på resultater fra et forskningsprojekt på et botilbud på det specialiserede socialområde om, hvorvidt og hvordan indsatsen skaber forandringer for beboere med autisme og udfordrende adfærd mv. Et resultat er, at beboerne opnår forandringer af deres praktiske færdigheder i hverdagen som følge af en struktureret pædagogisk tilgang og et adfærdsregulerende belønningssystem, men at de ikke opnår bedre trivsel. De er isolerede og ensomme oplever medarbejdere, pårørende og de unge selv. I en analyse med begrebsparrene kunne og gøre samt være og føle, inspireret af Aristoteles’ vidensformer techne og fronesis tydeliggøres, hvordan pædagogiske tilgange lægger vægt på forskellige vidensformer. Den strukturerede tilgang kan kobles til kunne og gøre, mens en pædagogisk tilgang, som lægger mere vægt på relationelle elementer, kan forbindes med være og føle. AbstractA structured pedagogical approach and the quest for relationships in work with young residents with autism and challenging behaviorThis article is based on results from a research project on a specialized residential care institution in social services in Denmark and address questions about whether and how the effort creates changes for residents with autism and challenging behavior, etc. One result is that residents attain changes in their practical skills in everyday life because of a structured pedagogical approach and a behavioral reward system, but that they do not achieve better well-being. Both employees, relatives and the residents themselves think that they are isolated and lonely. In an analysis based on the pairs of concepts can and do and be and feel, inspired by Aristoteles’ forms of knowledge, techne and phronesis, it is demonstrated how pedagogical approaches emphasize different forms of knowledge. The structured pedagogical approach can be linked to can and do, while a pedagogical approach, which emphasizes relational elements, can be linked to be and feel.
Mavefornemmelser og dårlige lugte
Authors: Houmøller Kathrin
Published: November 2020

Denne artikel omhandler sansninger som en integreret del af den pædagogiske praksis i en børnehave beliggende i et socialt udsat boligområde. Med afsæt i den fænomenologiske antropologi og en orientering mod sanser og sanselighed udforsker artiklen, hvordan pædagogerne i børnehaven erfarer og søger at skabe viden om ’familien’, samt peger på de dilemmaer og potentialer, denne form for vidensskabelse indebærer. Med et perspektiv på det sanselige som politisk såvel som et begreb om atmosfære, argumenteres der for en større faglig opmærksomhed på det sanselige og en bevægelse henimod et fokus på, hvordan der vides i det pædagogiske arbejde og ikke kun, hvad der vides om børn og deres familier. Artiklen bygger på empiri fra et etnografisk feltarbejde.

 

[Abstract – UK]Gut feelings and bad smells – How pedagogues sense the family in a social housing area. This article addresses the sensorial as an integral part of the pedagogical practices in a Danish kindergarten located in a social housing area. Drawing on phenomenological anthropology and an orientation towards sensations, the article explores how the pedagogues in the kindergarten experience and come to know ‘the family’ as well as the dilemmas and potentials that this involves. With a perspective on sensations as political as well as by drawing on the notion of atmosphere, the article argues for greater attention to the sensorial within the pedagogical profession and a move towards exploring how pedagogues come to know as opposed to what they know about children and their families. The article builds on ethnographic fieldwork.
Redaktionelt
Authors: Redaktion FPPU
Published: November 2020

Redaktionelt indhold
Med viden skal skole- og fritidspædagogik bygges
Authors: Ringskou Lea , Gravesen David Thore
Published: November 2020

ResuméMed reformen af pædagoguddannelsen i 2014 blev der oprettet en skole- og fritidsspecialisering, som dækker pædagogens arbejde med aldersgruppen 6-18 år inden for skole, SFO, klub og ungdomsklub. Eftersom specialiseringen, der ifølge bekendtgørelse og studieordninger (bl.a.) skal baseres på videnskab og forskning, kun har eksisteret i fem år, mangler der i skrivende stund en kortlægning af dens forskningsbaserede vidensgrundlag. Formålet med artiklen er at præsentere resultaterne af det review vi har foretaget af den forskningsbaserede litteratur, der findes om pædagogers arbejde på feltet for skole- og fritidspædagogik. I artiklens analyse sætter vi fokus på særligt to fund. Først peger vi på, at forskning omkring skolereformen 2014 og i relation hertil, pædagogers samarbejde med lærere, er dominerende pædagogiske tematikker i litteraturen. For det andet finder vi, at især klubområdet er underrepræsenteret som undersøgt professionsfelt i litteraturen. Vi diskuterer afslutningsvist, hvilke vidensmæssige implikationer sådanne fund har for uddannelse, praksis og forskning på feltet for skole- og fritidspædagogik i Danmark.

AbstractThrough knowledge, school- and leisure pedagogy must be built.A review and critical analysis of research-based literature in the field of school- and leisure pedagogy in DenmarkWith the reform of the pedagogue education in 2014, a school- and leisure specialization was established. The purpose of the article is to present the results of a review we have made of the research-based literature in the field of school- and leisure pedagogy. In the article's analysis, we focus on two findings. First, we point out that research on the school reform in 2014 and in relation to this, the pedagogue’s cooperation with teachers, are dominant pedagogical themes in the literature. Secondly, we find that research on pedagogical work in youth clubs is under-represented in the literature. In the conclusion, we discuss what implications the findings have for education, practice and research in the field of school- and leisure pedagogy in Denmark.
Pædagogisk rettethed og situerede evaluerende praksisser i pædagogisk arbejde
Authors: Krøyer Pia Rauff , Laursen Hanne
Published: November 2020

ResuméI den nye dagtilbudslov specificeres det, at læringsmiljøet i dagtilbuddet skal kvalificeres og evalueres kontinuerligt af pædagogerne gennem inddragelse af børns perspektiver (Dagtilbudsloven 2018 § 9.). Det kalder på ny viden om, hvordan vi involverer børns perspektiver i evaluering og udvikling af den pædagogiske praksis. Denne artikel bestræber at vise, hvordan pædagoger, med afsæt i børns perspektiver, dagligt møder og udvikler læringsmiljøet i dagtilbuddet. Med det empiriske udtryk situerede evaluerende praksisser viser artiklen, at den pædagogiske praksis har en evaluerende karakter i sig selv, fordi den har en pædagogisk rettethed indlejret i sig, der retter sig mod barnet og det pædagogiske projekt (Togsverd & Rothuizen, 2016). Med inspiration fra Max van Manens fænomenologi og forståelser af pædagogisk takt (Manen, 1991) og det pædagogiske øjeblik (Manen, 2012) er hensigten med artiklen først at vise, hvordan den pædagogiske rettethed på forskellige måder kommer til udtryk i pædagogisk arbejde. Dernæst at diskutere, hvordan pædagogers rettethed er et udtryk for pædagogisk kvalitet, og hvorfor den bør anerkendes som en vigtig del af pædagogers daglige evalueringspraksis med småbørn. På den måde tilstræber artiklen at bidrage med nye opmærksomheder omkring den evalueringskultur, dagtilbuddene lige nu står over for at skulle udvikle.

AbstractSituated evaluative practices in pedagogical workThe new Danish Day Care Act specifies that the learning environment in daycare settings must be qualified and evaluated continuously by the pedagogues and with the involvement of children’s perspectives (Day Care Act 2018, Section 9). This implies the need for new knowledge about how we involve children’s perspectives in the evaluation and development of pedagogical practice. This article seeks to show how the pedagogues with the involvement of children’s perspectives develop the learning environment in a daycare setting. With the empirical term, situated evaluative practices the article proposes that pedagogical practice is evaluative in itself due to its inherent pedagogical intentionality. Inspired by Max van Manen’s “Phenomenology of Practice” (2007) and his concepts of pedagogical moment (2012) and pedagogical tact (1991), the purpose of the article is to, 1) describe and discuss pedagogical intentionality as a pedagogical situated and evaluative phenomenon, 2) to discuss why pedagogue’s intentionality should be recognized as an important part of pedagogue’s daily evaluation practice. The article thus seeks to contribute with new perspectives regarding the development of the new culture of evaluation, which Danish daycares currently are developing.
Klubpædagogen mellem demokrati, frihed og markedsgørelse?
Authors: Ringskou Lea , Vengsgaard Christoffer , Bach Caroline
Published: November 2020

ResuméArtiklen omhandler et toårigt forskningsprojekt på VIA Pædagoguddannelse om klubpædagogisk professionsidentitet. I forskningsprojektet er der udført 11 kvalitative semistrukturerede interviews. Ud fra interviewene konstruerer vi analytisk tre dominerende narrativer: klubpædagogen som demokratisk medborgerskaber, frihedens klubpædagog og klubpædagogen som sælger. Ud fra narrativerne præsenterer vi tre større historisk og kulturelt forankrede nøglefortællinger om klubpædagogisk professionsidentitet. De to første narrativer indeholder nøglefortællinger om demokrati og frihed, der trækker på klassisk reformpædagogik og kritisk frigørende pædagogik. Heroverfor indeholder narrativet pædagogen som sælger en historisk nyere nøglefortælling om markedsgørelse. Vi betragter mødet mellem nøglefortællingerne som en mere overordnet fortælling om klubpædagogisk professionsidentitet mellem tradition og forandring. Afslutningsvis diskuterer vi, hvilke udfordringer og muligheder mødet mellem nøglefortællingerne, nærmere bestemt mødet mellem demokrati og frihed på den ene side og markedsgørelse på den anden, potentielt kan indeholde i forhold til klubpædagogisk professionsidentitet og omverdenens anerkendelse. På den ene side kan markedsgørelsen tolkes som risiko for dekonstruktion af klubpædagogisk professionsidentitet, der vil kunne udhule nøglefortællingerne om demokrati og frihed. På den anden side kan der argumenteres for, at netop nøglefortællingen om markedsgørelsen kan tolkes som mulighed for at styrke de to andre nøglefortællinger og at den sigt vil kunne bidrage til stabilisering og anerkendelse af klubpædagogisk professionsidentitet.

AbstractLeisure time pedagogue working in youth clubs: between democracy, freedom and marketing? Three key narratives in professional identity of leisure time pedagogues working in youth clubsIn this article, we present the results of a research project about the professional identity of leisure time pedagogue working in different forms of youth clubs with children and teenagers from 10 to 18+ years of age. We base the analysis on 11 qualitative semi-structured interviews. Through the analysis, we construct three key narratives: a key narrative concerning democracy, a key narrative concerning freedom and a key narrative concerning marketing (sale). We use these three key narratives to illustrate the complexity of the professional identity of the leisure time pedagogue. Both tradition and renewal characterizes the professional identity of the leisure time pedagogues. In the final section, we discuss the encounter between the key narratives of democracy and freedom on the one hand and the key narrative of marketing on the other. What are the possible pitfalls and potentials in this encounter, when the pedagogues strives for the acknowledgement and acceptance of professional identity?
Fra støttepædagog til ekspert med pædagogisk takt
Authors: Nøttrup Jonna , Nielsen Ole Steen
Published: November 2020

ResuméKommunerne har siden 1980’erne etableret centrale korps af støttepædagoger. Daginstitutionerne kan søge om særlig støtte fra dette korps til pædagogiske praksis. Støttepædagogernes opgaver har ændret sig fra en kompenserende indsats til det enkelte barn til en indsats, hvor støttepædagogerne hovedsagelig skal yde støtte til pædagogernes udvikling af læringsmiljøet for alle børn i institutionen. Støttepædagogerne oplever det ofte som en følsom udfordring, når de må stille spørgsmål til fagfællers pædagogiske forståelser, antagelser og lokale praksis for at understøtte udvikling af denne. Denne udfordring kalder på en særlig form for støttepædagogisk praksis. Vi anvender begreberne interaktionel ekspertise (Collins & Evans, 2007) og pædagogisk takt (van Manen, 2015) til at forstå og karakterisere den ekspertise og faglighed, der er i spil og på spil, når der skal ydes støtte til udvikling af pædagogisk praksis i dagtilbud. Artiklen er udarbejdet på baggrund af aktionsforskning i forbindelse med et aktionslæringsforløb med støttepædagoger i en større dansk kommune.

AbstractFrom assistant preschool teachers to expert with pedagogical tact Since the 1980s, many Danish municipalities have been establishing centralized units of assistant pre-school teachers who provide special assistance for the pedagogical practices of pre-school institutions. The tasks of these assistant pre-school teachers have changed over time: from an originally compensatory effort targeting individual children, to primarily assisting pre-school teachers and the development of the learning environment for all children. In the endeavor of assisting the development of these learning environments, it is often perceived as a sensitive issue, when assistant pre-school teachers question the pedagogical assumptions and local practices of their professional peers. This challenge calls for a special kind of pedagogical practice. In this article, we apply the concepts of interactional expertise (Collins & Evans, 2007) and pedagogical tact (van Manen, 2015) to characterize the expertise and professionalism that is at play and at stake, in the provision of assistance for the development of pedagogical practices in pre-schools institutions. The article has been developed based on action research in connection to an action learning course for assistant pre-schools teachers in a larger Danish municipality.
Bioresource Transition Towards Sustainable Bioeconomy
Authors:   , Žihare Lauma
Published: November 2020

The aim of the Doctoral Thesis is to develop an integrative methodology for the assessment towards sustainable bioeconomy through bioresource transition assessments using top-down and bottom-up approaches, transdisciplinarity analysis, and underused biomass potential use. The main contribution of the Thesis ascends from an integrated multi-level approach, that takes into account technical, socio-economic, environmental and market aspects. In order to reach the aims of the Thesis, the fallowing tasks were set: 1) to assess bioeconomy understanding and create consolidated view on bioeconomy; 2) to assess disciplinarity approaches towards sustainable bioeconomy; 3) to identify bioeconomy affecting factors, their interlinkages and propose possible nexus assessments; 4) to identify factor characteristic indicators; 5) to create factor nexus benchmark; 6) to create methodology for bioeconomy efficiency measures; 7) to identify potential bioresources that are underused and asses their potential value towards effective resource transition proposing new or existing bioresource value chains and their priorities; 8) to provide innovation transfer with market and economic analysis framework to determine if innovative bio-based product or technology would have the potential of entering market successfully; 9) to validate bio-resource potential with experimental analysis. The research presents several novel approaches not previously used in bioeconomy. In this thesis three main levels of bioresource transition assessment have been presented with methodology and case studies to approbate those methodologies. The outcome obtained in this Thesis extends the existing knowledge in bioeconomy for multi-level approach with transdisciplinary analysis. The results are beneficial for national and local and sectoral level governmental authorities, stakeholders and scientists.
Algae Use Evaluation for Biogas Production in Latvia
Authors:   , Pastare Laura
Published: November 2020

In order to meet the growing demand of energy resources, alternative resources are needed to replace and supplement the use of fossil fuels. The limited fossil resources and their impact on climate change are a topic of discussion not only among scientists, but world leaders as well. While the discussions are still on-going European Union is taking action by setting targets for year 2020 and year 2030 for climate and energy sectors. The aim is to increase the share of renewable resources up to 20 % and 40 % respectively. In order to meet these targets, the existing renewable energy resources need to be supported and their use expanded as well as new resources need to be researched and supported. The Sustainable Development Strategy of Latvia 2030 and Latvian Bioeconomy Strategy 2030 highlights the need for a more sustainable use of local, available nature resources, also mentioning that washed-out marine algae are one of the least used local resources. Even though the algae research is a topical field, there is no evaluation methodology for determining the algae use potential for biogas production that would take into account energetic, environmental and economic aspects together. Based on the EU targets for climate and energy sectors and Latvian strategies on how to reach those targets, the author of this thesis sets an aim to develop and test a methodology for evaluating algae use for biogas production taking into account three main aspects – energetic (experimental determination of energetic values), environmental (Life Cycle Assessment) and economic (Life Cycle Cost Analysis). The methodology development is based on a case study of locally available algae species in Latvia. The basis of thesis is 7 thematically unified peer-reviewed scientific publications that are published in different scientific journals, available at different scientific information storages and international databases. The aim of these publications is to transfer and approbate the evaluation methodology. The thesis consists of introduction and four chapters. Introduction defines the aim and tasks of the study, describes the structure of study and the methods used as well gives information about the approbation of the study. The first chapter contains the literature review. The second chapter contains the methodology development description as well as methods used within descriptions. The third chapter contains case study description. The fourth chapter describes the results of the case study, as well as contains the testing and evaluation of the methodology itself. The conclusions are summarized at the end of the thesis.
Comparison of State Medical Licensing Board Disclosures Regarding Resident Performance for United States Allopathic, Osteopathic, and Foreign Medical Graduates
Authors: Gajewski Michal , Hillen Machteld , Matassa Daniel , Kunac Anastasia , Anana Michael , Pompeo Lisa , Kothari Neil , Murano Tiffany
Published: November 2020

Context

While recent streamlining of the graduate medical education process signals an important change from the traditional dichotomy between doctors of osteopathic medicine (DOs) and US-trained doctors of medicine (USMDs), this new uniformity does not continue into the process for licensure, including state medical licensing verification of training (VOT) forms for DOs, MDs, and foreign medical graduates (FMGs). Wide variability remains.

Objective

To document the differences in the performance metrics program that directors are required to disclose to state medical licensing boards for DOs and FMGs compared with USMDs.

Methods

VOT forms were collected from all osteopathic and allopathic licensing boards for all US states, Washington DC, and US territories. The authors then reviewed VOT forms for questions pertaining to trainee performance only in states where VOT forms differed for DOs, USMDs, and FMGs. Licensing board questions were categorized as relating to disciplinary action, documents placed on file, resident actions, and nondisciplinary actions by the program.

Results

Fifty-six states and territories were included in the study (50 US states; Washington, DC; and 5 US territories). Most states and territories (46; 82.1%) used the same VOT form for DOs and USMDs. All states and territories except New York used the same form for FMGs and USMDs (55; 98.2%). Of the 14 states with an osteopathic board, Nevada used Federation Credentials Verification Service (FCVS) for DOs only, and 8 states used a unique osteopathic VOT form. Of these 8 osteopathic boards, 3 VOT forms did not ask any questions regarding resident performance during training. Of the remaining 5 forms, all asked about disciplinary actions. Ten states and 1 territory (US Virgin Islands) required the FCVS for both USMDs and FMGs, but not for DOs, while New York required FCVS only for FMGs. Nevada required FCVS only for DOs.

Conclusion

Although VOT requirements for FMGs and USMDs were mostly the same within states, performance metric question sets varied greatly from state to state and within states for osteopathic vs allopathic licensing boards. Implementation of a standardized VOT form for all applicants that includes academic performance metrics may help ensure that medical licensure is granted to all physicians who demonstrate academic competency during training, regardless of their degree.