bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accelerated Professional Identity Development Through Social Network Sites
Authors: Hardof-Jaffe Sharon , Schwarz Baruch , Flum Hanoch
Published: August 2020

Aim/Purpose: This study aims to uncover how Social Network Sites (SNSs) active users who are eager to be knowledgeable about a specific domain develop a professional identity, what practices they use, and how do SNSs afford professional identity development.

Background: Some researchers have shown that SNSs play a central role in personal development, but there is a lack of studies tracing the actual role of SNSs affordances in professional identity development.

Methodology: Seven participants were followed during a whole year; we examined their professional identity development based on data collected from interviews, cued retrospective reports, and online activities.

Contribution: The study shows that SNSs create a new context for professional identity development, a context whose new characteristics bring specific actors to a spectacular development in their professional identity. Based on the findings we suggest a new framework of professional identity development with SNSs.

Findings: We identified a wide range of activities and changes in the perceived professional identity. We found that there are four phases of SNS’s professional identity development. The study also uncovers the three aspects of identity development: self-presentation, around-the-clock sociality, and interaction with information. The model of professional development through intensive use of SNSs is validated by our reports on the actual behaviors afforded by SNSs.

Recommendations for Practitioners: The conceptual framework displayed in the article can help educational institutions to implement SNSs in order to enhance professional identity development. Guidance will allow students to handle self-presentation, sociality, and information management. By doing so, the guides will help achieving meaningful SNS activities and encouraging students to be involved in their fields of interest, thereby enhancing their professional identity.

Future Research: Future studies may examine the implementation of SNSs for the exploration process leading to identity development in various educational institutions. A few years longitudinal study may examine the lifelong professional identity development in varied SNSs. Moreover, in the COVID-19 world crisis when life is in digital spaces more than ever, it will be interesting to study the role of SNSs of professional identity development in the population that lost their jobs.
DYNAMICS OF ROOT AND TUBER CROPS ACREAGE ALLOCATION AND YIELD ADJUSTMENT IN NIGERIA
Authors: Sadiq M. S. , Karunakaran N. , Singh I. P.
Published: August 2020

This paper empirically studied the growth pattern and supply response of root and tuber crops farmers in Nigeria using annual time series data sourced from FAO database. The data spanned from 1961-2014 and covered area, yield and price of yam, cassava and potatoes crops. The data were analyzed using the growth model, instability index, production decomposition analysis model and Engel-Granger two-step model. Findings showed that area was responsible for the paradigm shift in the production of selected root and tuber crops in Nigeria and not productivity which is very essential for sustainable agriculture due to shrinking of land resource owing to competing demand for its use as evidenced by incessant attacks of herdsmen on arable crop farmers. Generally, the farmers respond to price incentives in reallocating their area and adjusting their yield for all the selected crops. It was also observed that acreage and yield for all the selected crops had long-run association with the price and non-price factors; likewise, it established long-run equilibrium. So the need for price forecast mechanism to checkmate cob-web cycle which affects the balance between supply and demand for the root and tuber crops in the country and increase in production of crops achieved by increasing productivity of land-combination of technology and efficiency in the utilization of resources is recommended.
MEDICAL STUDENT’S KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PERCEIVED BARRIERS TOWARDS RESEARCH: A STUDY AMONG NEPALESE STUDENTS
Authors: Paudel Sudarshan , B Krishna , Acharya Balakrishnan M
Published: August 2020

Background: Undergraduate research exposure leads to academically dexterous and professionally unbeaten physicians. Undergraduate medical courses have research curriculum in Nepal but little is known about how students perceive research. The aim of this survey was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and perceived barriers towards research among medical students at Patan Academy of Health Sciences Nepal. Method: A cross-sectional survey based on a questionnaire applied to 253 undergraduate medical students from year two to six enrolled in Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal.  Results: The response rate was 97 %. Majority respondents (78.3%) have viewed that medical curriculum demands sincere dedication and effort at the cost of research funding (71.5%), allocated time for research (61.7%), well-equipped laboratory and technologies. Besides that, ethical approval (47.8%), administrative approval (46.6%) and supportive staff (41.1%) are other barricade to research.   Conclusion: The students have positive perception and attitude towards research. They have faced some barriers thus college needs to train students in research and provide supervision in a small research project. This model would improve academic learning, skills acquisition, encourage student interest in research, reduce barriers to student research and make better use of limited resources.
DIFFUSION-WEIGHTED IMAGING IN MR MAMMOGRAPHY AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO BIOPSY IN THE EVALUATION OF INTERMEDIATE NON-MASS BREAST LESIONS
Authors: Mohamed Awad Fatma
Published: August 2020

Background: Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI is a sensitive tool for the diagnosis of breast cancer, however, its value is limited in cases of non-mass enhancement. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is promising in the diagnosis of non-mass breast lesions.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the value of diffusion-weighted imaging in the evaluation of intermediate non-mass breast lesions, as an alternative to biopsy.

Materials and Methods: Thirty-three female patients between the ages of 38-56 years (mean age, 45 years) with non-mass lesions on MR mammography were included in this study. The lowest ADC values were obtained for the non-mass breast lesions. MR-guided core-needle biopsies were performed for 20 patients, while the other patients who refused biopsy, had yearly mammography and ultrasound every six months for two years. They also had at least one follow up MR mammography within the two years’ interval.

Results: This study included 33 non-mass breast lesions detected on MR mammography. The lesion siz¬es ranged from 0.2 to 1.4 cm. The morphological characteristics of the lesions and their signal intensity curves on dynamic MR Mammography were recorded. For differentiation of benign and malignant lesions, a threshold ADC value of 1.03×10–3   mm2/s was used. The ADC values for all the lesions ranged from 1.3 x 10–3 mm2/s to 2.6 x 10–3   mm2/s.

Conclusion: Diffusion-weighted imaging is effective in the evaluation of intermediate non-mass breast lesions on MR mammography and can be used as an alternative to biopsy.
THE IMPACT OF NOISE POLLUTION PHENOMENON IN THE CITIES OF BRAZZAVILLE AND POINTE-NOIRE IN THE REPUBLIC OF CONGO
Authors: Le Temps Ngomah , Gertrude Ndeko , Madgil Ngomah , Le Temps Ondongo Ngomah , Soraya Diallo Akessi Dzenabou , Alain Nguema Ndong , Vianney Dibiongo Hugues
Published: August 2020

The noise constitutes for the human beings with notched joints the world one of the nuisances most strongly felt. Apart from its importance for quality of life, the noise has also repercussions proven on health. Many countries strive to set up laws going with a view to fight against these nuisances which constitute an obstacle, an obstruction with quietude, the peace and the freedom of the populations. Congo Brazzaville is one of the countries of the world affected considerably by this phenomenon. Thus, this document treats primarily the causes and the consequences of the noises with Congo Brazzaville. This article Works out also some strategies which could contribute right now to fight against this phenomenon.
EXPANDING THE ROLE OF MAGNETIC FIELDS IN RED BLOOD CELLS DEFORMATIONS: DEMONSTRATION OF PARAMAGNETIC AND DIAMAGNETIC FIELDS
Authors: Embi Bs Abraham A.
Published: August 2020

Background: The main purpose of this manuscript is to introduce a biophysics based mechanism of the role of magnetism in temporary cell deformation. Biomagnetism: Biomagnetism has been slowly introduced in the medical literature as follows: The diamagnetic nature of blood reported in1936, the recording of organ emissions from the human body also published in the second half of the last century. It could stated that the same way molecular cross talk influence cells signaling, biomagnetic cross talk could also influence cells functions. Introduction: This manuscript introduces the effect of externally applied magnetic fields (diamagnetic or paramagnetic) causing temporary Red Blood Cells (RBCs) deformations. Results from experiments using diamagnetic material such as human blood with the property of repelling an opposing magnetic field; and paramagnetic material such as carbon based graphite or iron particles are reported. Methods: The work herein presented entailed the trapping (between two similar glass slides) of fresh human blood smear with fine exogenous metal, such as iron filings or graphite powder. The technique requires a standard video microscope and an image recording equipment.   Provocative placement of ferromagnetic or diamagnetic material in in vitro blood smears preparations were found to exhibit temporary in vivo characteristics quoted Temporary In Vivo Blood Smears (TBIS). Established protocol calls for fresh blood smears to be set-aside 5 minutes prior to staining. During the first 2 minutes of the set-aside period, in a typical monolayer smear, one can observe an initial brief time period of approximately 1’ ± 30” of a drying cycle. Usually, a moisture sheen boundary is seen gradually moving from the slide’s edges towards the center. Results: The main findings include a demonstration that both diamagnetic and pararmagnetic material deform RBCs in a variety of shapes. The paramagnetism (attraction) and diamagnetism of graphite powder induced temporary RBCs deformation in the form of teardrops. For the first time, an ongoing cellular deformation process was captured in video recordings. Conclusions: When in vivo cells in blood smears, such as RBCs, are fronted by exogenous magnetic fields, temporary cell deformation occurs.
ANALYSIS OF ULTRAHSORT LASER PULSES PROPAGATION IN MEDIUM: LITHARGE GLASS SF56A
Authors: Mounir Khelladi
Published: August 2020

Propagation of an ultra-short lasers pulses in a linear optical medium consisting of free space, dispersive media. However, analytical methods have the limitations of not being able to handle arbitrary pulse profiles. Also, closed form solutions are often obtained after certain levels of approximations. This has motive a few studies based on the use of numerical simulation techniques in the analysis of pulse propagation. In view of the recent advance in ultra-short pulse propagation, a strong need is felt for developing a numerical formalism capable of performing such a complete analysis of the issues involved in pulse propagation.

This allows us to analyze the pulse in the time-frequency domain at any arbitrary plane. With this tool, we investigate the spectral and temporal evolution of ultra-short pulses at any arbitrary propagation distance.
Materiales Cementantes Compuestos (CCM): Estado del Arte, Situación Actual y Aplicaciones en la Ingeniería Civil
Authors: Viera Luisa Paulina , Carpio Victor Andrés
Published: August 2020

El presente artículo trata acerca del desarrollo de los Materiales Cementantes Compuestos (CCM), desde el hormigón convencional hasta los más complejos como los compuestos con propiedades auto-reparantes y auto-sensitivas. Además se hace una descripción de los estudios más relevantes de este tema, así como las propiedades que los CCM presentan y sus posibles aplicaciones en el desarrollo de nuevos materiales para la Ingeniería Civil.
Análisis en Flujo Permanente de los Factores que Inciden en la Disminución de la Capacidad Hidráulica de la Línea de Conducción del Sistema La Mica-Quito Sur
Authors: Andrade Juan Martín , Escobar Gilson Manuel , Paredes Diego Fernando
Published: August 2020

El Sistema “La Mica Quito – Sur” dota de agua a la zona sur de Quito, en la actualidad transporta un caudal de 1560 l/s, menor a 1750 l/s para el cual fue diseñado, esta disminución se debe a factores que generan pérdidas de energía en la línea de conducción lo que disminuye su capacidad hidráulica. Para disponer de un modelo hidráulico actualizado, se realizó una intensa actividad. Se recopiló: planos y bases de datos del sistema, información que fue validada in situ. A continuación se construyó, calibró y validó el modelo hidráulico, obteniendo de su análisis las características hidráulicas actuales y los factores que influyen en la reducción de la capacidad hidráulica, los que se presentan en la conducción superior, resultados que permiten establecer que las pérdidas se dan por: un mínimo mantenimiento en las estructuras y válvulas, pérdida de carga local en la torre de captación del embalse, posible acumulación de sedimentos y una posible acumulación de aire en el sistema. Para establecer alternativas de solución se modelaron cinco escenarios que simularon condiciones críticas, óptimas y medias de operación del embalse para diferentes caudales transportados, con lo que se determinaron presiones negativas que impiden el transporte del caudal máximo de diseño. De su análisis se concluyó que las alternativas de solución más viables para que a través de la tubería de conducción se transporte 1750 l/s son: el mantenimiento del sistema complementado con la modificación del perfil de la línea de conducción; o la implementación de una booster en la abscisa 2+908 de la conducción superior, con altura de bombeo de 30 mca.
Volante de Inercia: Sistemas y Materiales Aplicados en Medios de Transporte de Pasajeros
Authors: Remache Abel
Published: August 2020

Se ha realizado un estudio del uso de la energía cinética a través de la tecnología de los volantes de inercia FESS. Se detalla el principio de funcionamiento, su estructura interna, configuraciones y diversas consideraciones técnicas que fueron necesarias para su implementación en varias aplicaciones en la actualidad. Se identifican los usos en medios de transporte de sistemas KERS, el uso de tecnología de levitación a través de los HTS, aplicaciones hibridas y sistemas Gimbal entre otros. Se define el uso de materiales ya que es primordial para su capacidad energética y costo final en el desarrollo de esta tecnología. Para finalizar se analiza el potencial que tiene un volante de inercia y las limitaciones a las que se enfrenta en el ámbito de construcción, costos, materiales y densidad energética. Se concluye que los volantes se han integrado a aplicaciones sencillas y avanzadas, con ventajas tales como un costo ambiental bajo, larga vida útil, bajo mantenimiento y poca fricción, reducción de emisiones, entre otras. Entre las desventajas están la baja densidad de energía, costos, uso de materiales poco accesibles, peso, entre otros; por ende, la investigación actual trabaja en estos campos.
Investigating Cyberbullying on WhatsApp Using Digital Forensics Research Workshop
Authors: Imam Riadi  , Sunardi  , Widiandana Panggah
Published: August 2020

Cyberbullying in group conversations in one of the instant messaging applications is one of the conflicts that occur due to social media, specifically WhatsApp. This study conducted digital forensics to find evidence of cyberbullying by obtaining work in the Digital Forensic Research Workshop (DFRWS). The evidence was investigated using the MOBILedit Forensic Express tool as an application for evidence submission and the Cosine Similarity method to approve the purchase of cyberbullying cases. This research has been able to conduct procurement to reveal digital evidence on the agreement in the Group's features using text using MOBILedit. Identification using the Cosine method. Similarities have supported actions that lead to cyberbullying with different levels Improved Sqrt-Cosine (ISC) value, the largest 0.05 and the lowest 0.02 based on conversations against requests.
Implementation of Anti Forensics on Hard Drives Using the DoD 5220.22 M Method and British HMG IS5 E
Authors: Hasa Muh Fadli , Anton Yudhana  , Abdul Fadlil
Published: August 2020

The process of securing data is related to anti-forensic science, one of the anti-forensic techniques that can be used to safeguard data security, namely by deleting data on storage media. This study examines the implementation of data deletion using the DoD 5220.22 M and British HMG IS5 E methods, then compares these methods. The comparison of the two methods includes performance tests, forensic tests, and data recovery tests. The results of the performance test show that the two methods are strongly influenced by the anti-forensic tools used and do not provide a significant difference when applied using one of the tools. The results of the implementation of data deletion using both methods on the hard disk drive are declared safe to delete data, as evidenced by the extraction results in the forensic test using the Autopsy tool found files on the partition :F with the number of 252 files and on the partition :I with the number of 1 file and the extraction results from the test Forensics using the Recover My File tool managed to find files with the number of 102 files on different partitions, but all the files found in the forensic test process cannot be accessed. The results of the recovery test show that the safest method in the process of deleting data is the British HMG IS5 E method using the Active @ Kill Disk tool, as evidenced by all the results of the recovery process using three tools that do not find any files. Meanwhile, the application of the deletion method that is generally carried out by users, namely the shift + delete method, is declared unsafe, as evidenced by the results of the recovery tests conducted showing that the deleted files can be recovered 100% and can be reaccessed using recovery tools.
Vegetative Growth of Kale Land (Ipomoea reptans poir.) Due to Different doses of NPK and Bokashi Fertilizer
Authors: Raksun Ahmad , Mahrus Mahrus , Mertha I Gde
Published: August 2020

In order to maintain soil fertility, NPK fertilizer applications that have been carried out by farmer need to be combined with non chemical fertilizer such as bokashi. Research on vegetative growth of kale land due to NPK and bokashi fertilizer has been carried out in Bajur Village, West Lombok Regency. The purpose of this research was to detemine: (1) vegetative growth of kale land due to different doses of NPK fertilizer, (2) vegetative growth of kale land due to different doses of bokashi, (3) the effect of interaction of NPK and bokashi fertilizer on growth of kale land, (4) Optimum dose of NPK fertilizer and bokashi for kale land. This research used 2 factors design. The first factor is the dose of NPK fertilizer and the second factors is the dose of bokashi. The growth parameters measured were stem height, leaf length, leaf width and number of kale land leaf. Reseach data analyzed using analysis of variance. The results showed that: (1) NPK fertilizer treatment significantly affected stem height, leaf length and kale leaf width, but have no significant effect on the number of kale land leaves, (2) bokashi aplication significantly affected stem heght, leaf length and kale land leaf width but did not significantly affect the number of kale land leaves, (3) the interaction of NPK fertilizer and bokashi did not significantly affect all growth parameters measured, (4) the optimun dose of bokashi for kale land is 1,2 kg for 8 kg of soil and the optimum dose of NPK fertilizer is 1,5 g per plant.ÃÂ  It is recommended that kale land famers use 1,2 kg bokashi for 8 kg of soil and 1,5 g NPK fertilizer per plant.
Haematological parameters of apparently healthy neonates at the Federal Medical Centre Bida, North Central Nigeria
Authors: Ojewole OE , Abubakar U , Olowu AO
Published: August 2020

Background: Haematological parameters are used as screening tools for patient’s care and treatment. Objective: To determine the haematological parameters of apparently healthy term Nigerian babies and generate normative data. Methods: This was a descriptive, longitudinal study of consecutively recruited babies. The haematological parameters were determined using venous blood samples drawn at delivery and on the 14th day of life using a haematology auto-analyser. Results: Of the 309 babies recruited on the first day of life, 160 (51.8%) were males while 149 (48.2%) were females. Two hundred and seventy-nine (90.3%) were delivered vaginally.  Most (75%) of the neonates were of Nupe origin. The mean haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Red Blood Cell and reticulocyte count on Day 1 were 48.8±8.0%, 15.0±2.6g/dl, 104.1±8.8fl, 31.9±3.3pg, 30.7±1.7g/dl, 4.7±0.9 (×109/l) and 2.0±1.4% respectively. Corresponding Day 14 values were 41.2±5.2%, 12.8±1.9g/dl, 97.2±9.8fl, 30.3±3.8pg, 31.1±1.7g/dl, 4.5±0.6 (×109/l) and 1.0±0.7% respectively. The mean White Blood Cell (WBC) and platelet counts were 13.3±4.8 (×109/l) and 228.3±81.2 (×109/l) respectively, on the 1st day of life and 10.1±2.4 (×109/l) and 370.1±120.7 (×109/l) respectively on the 14th day. The mean differential WBC counts were 49.4±12.0% for neutrophils and 37.4±11.3% for lymphocytes on the 1st day and 32.4±10.0% and 52.8±9.3% respectively on the 14th day. Conclusion: Neonates from Bida have haematological parameters comparable with previously reported values from other parts of Nigeria.
Factors associated with Missed Opportunities for Vaccination among children in the first year of life at a tertiary health facility in Lagos
Authors: Kehinde OA , Kuyinu YA , Odusanya OO
Published: August 2020

Background: Low vaccination rates in children remain a major problem in resource-poor areas of the world. Missed opportunities for vaccination may be one of the important contributors to the menace. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of missed opportunities for vaccination and identify factors associated with this among Nigerian children in the first year of life. Methods: The study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study of children who were recruited consecutively and data were obtained using a questionnaire. Results: Two hundred and fifty-six children were recruited. The prevalence of missed opportunities for vaccination was 11.3%. Gender (p = 0.04) and parental socioeconomic status (p = 0.008) were significantly associated with missed opportunities for vaccination. Non- availability of required vaccines and reluctance to open a multi-dose vial of vaccine caused MOV in 55.5% and 51.8% of children respectively. The evaluation of vaccination status among subjects who were not fully vaccinated by health workers was low at 18.3%. Conclusion: The rate of missed opportunities for vaccination was low. Educating caregivers and encouraging health workers to evaluate the vaccination status of children at every contact with a health facility may reduce the prevalence of missed opportunities for vaccination.
The attitude of Nigerian women to termination of pregnancies with major congenital anomalies
Authors: Enabudoso EJ , Akinmoladun JA
Published: August 2020

Background: When couples are confronted with a pregnancy in which there is a major foetal anomaly, they have only two options: termination of the pregnancy or allowing the baby to be born. Objective: To determine the attitude of pregnant women in Nigeria to termination of pregnancies with major congenital anomalies. Methods: This is a descriptive study undertaken at two centres in Nigeria. Structured and pretested self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection including socio-demographics and attitude to termination of pregnancies with major congenital anomalies.  Results: Three hundred and fifty-six pregnant women participated in the study. Most of the respondents were in the 21-40 years age group. More than half of the participants (236; 66.3%) agreed with the termination of pregnancies with major congenital anomalies and some of their reasons were "to prevent the baby from suffering" and "to prevent waste of resources”. For the 120 (33.7%) who did not agree with termination of such pregnancies, some of their reasons were “to trust God for a miracle” and “hoping that God will not allow such” Conclusion: The findings from this study show that majority of the women were favourably disposed to the termination of pregnancies with major anomalies. However, women with such pregnancies need to be adequately counselled to be aware of the consequences of the decisions they make. Also, in a country where there are legal restrictions of abortion, efforts should be made to consider termination of pregnancies with major anomalies in the abortion laws.
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus at a tertiary health facility, South-western Nigeria: Clinical presentations and outcome
Authors: Fasina O , Hughes SJ
Published: August 2020

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus is a neurocutaneous disease caused by the human alpha herpes virus Type 3 and it is characterized by reactivation of dormant varicella-zoster virus lying within the trigeminal ganglia. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical presentation and management outcome of patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus in a tertiary health facility. This was a retrospective study of patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus managed at the Eye Clinic of a tertiary health facility in the South-western part of Nigeria over eight years. There were 17 patients, comprising five males and the mean age at presentation was 54.9±13.7 years. Seven (41.2%) patients were seropositive for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) while nine (52.9%) patients had corneal involvement. Fifteen (88.2%) patients had involvement of the first branch of the trigeminal nerve (V1), and one (5.9%) patient each had involvement of the second branch of the trigeminal nerve (V2) and the first two branches of the trigeminal nerve (V1 and V2). All the patients were managed with oral and topical antiviral medications. Ten patients (58.8%) developed postherpetic neuralgia. In conclusion, Herpes zoster ophthalmicus is strongly associated with HIV seropositivity and older age and a significant proportion of patients develop post-herpetic neuralgia necessitating long term management.
Diazoxide use for neonatal hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia in a low-resource setting: A Case Report
Authors: Adekoya AO , Adekanye TE , Abolurin OO , Adebawojo OO , Ajayi FG , Ajibola ED
Published: August 2020

The management of neonatal hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia remains a major challenge in hospitalized newborns globally. Diazoxide is one of the recommended therapeutic options. We report a late preterm, male infant of a diabetic mother who suffered severe perinatal asphyxia and had persistent hypoglycaemia requiring progressively increasing intravenous glucose concentrations to as high as 12.5 mg/kg/minute along with intravenous hydrocortisone administration. A critical sample revealed inappropriately high serum insulin, inappropriately low serum cortisol and growth hormone responses. Urinalysis was negative for ketones. With the persistence of hypoglycaemia, oral diazoxide at 5 mg/kg/day with oral hydrochlorothiazide was administered. The infant was diazoxide-responsive with complete resolution of hypoglycaemia. Diazoxide therapy was discontinued after 14 days and he was discharged after one month of admission. This report emphasizes the importance of diazoxide in the management of neonatal transient hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia. The availability and cost of diazoxide, as well as the endocrine and metabolic tests, are major concerns in resource-poor settings.
Paediatric perineal injury following explosive blast: A Case Report
Authors: Nwashilli NJ , Arekhandia AI
Published: August 2020

Perineal injury in children is uncommon. Injuries range from minor perineal skin laceration to severe injury to the genitourinary tract, anorectal region and the pelvic bone. The mechanisms of injury are usually attributed to blunt trauma, penetrating injuries like impalement injury, or sexual abuse. Perineal injury resulting from explosive blast in children is rare. The management depends on the time and mode of presentation and examination findings. Early presentation (a few hours after injury) with 1st or 2nd-degree perineal injury may benefit from debridement with primary repair of soft tissues and/or sphincters. Late presentation (days after injury) with 3rd or 4th-degree injury will require diverting colostomy or urinary diversion and wound drainage. This is a report of an unusual case of severe perineal injury in a child following explosive blast sustained while squatting close to packed explosives that got detonated. The perineal injury was initially managed with colostomy and wound drainage. The colostomy was closed after the wound had healed with good faecal continence achieved and without perineal soft tissue or anal sphincteric repair. It is concluded that severe isolated paediatric explosive blast perineal injury is rare but is amenable to surgical care.
Morphological Study of The Pancreas and Duodenum in Adult Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus)
Authors: AL-Saffar F. J. , Nasif Riyadh H.
Published: August 2020

The present study aimed to investigate the morphological features of the pancreas and duodenum of the adult males and females guinea pigs. Eight animals of each sex were collected to conduct this project. The selected organs were photographed in situ and macro morphometric measurements were conducted on them. Gross findings revealed that the pancreas of guinea pig was of compact type, of two lobes (right and left) connected by large central part (body). The organ drains the pancreatic secretion toward the last part of the ascending duodenum via minor pancreatic duct with absence of major pancreatic duct. The duodenum of the guinea pig was very short and V-shaped. The beginning of the duodenum contains duodenal papilla in which found central orifice for the exit of bile secretions of the common bile duct. In conclusions, the present findings showed the presence of only one minor pancreatic duct and such result was significantly different than most rodents by having major pancreatic duct. The duodenum in the studied guinea pigs was characteristically very short and V-shaped differently to other animals that have U-shaped and long duodenum.
Genetic Analysis of Field Isolates of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Iraqi Farms
Authors: Jumaa Rawaa S. , Allawi Aida B. , Jabbar Rebah N.
Published: August 2020

Sixty samples of bursa of Fabricius were collected from broiler chickens suspected to be infected with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in different areas of Iraq for molecular evaluation. The extracted nucleic acid was amplified using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting genes of segment A (Vp2, Vp3, Vp4 and Vp5 genes) and segment B (VP1 genes). The products of amplification were sent to Korea for sequencing using Sanger method. The sequencing analysis of the IBDV from the Iraqi isolates revealed that each gene had different transition and transversion (nonsense and missense of point mutation) compared to reference genes. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the VP2 of segment A of the Iraqi samples was similar to that of an Egyptian strain with 96%similarity, the polypeptide VP2-3-4 of segment A of the Iraqi samples was similar to those of a Chinese strain with 99% similarity and the VP5 of segment A was similar to that of Chinese strain with 99% similarity. However, the phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the VP1 of segment B had 95% similarity with that of a Chinese strain.
Zearalenone Mycotoxicosis: Pathophysiology and Immunotoxicity
Authors: Assumaidaee Ajwad A. M. , Ali Nathera M. , Ahmed Shahad W.
Published: August 2020

Mycotoxicosis refers to the deleterious pathological effects of different types of toxins produced by some worldwide distributing fungi. Mycotoxins, as secondary metabolites are affecting different organs and systems both in animals and human beings. Zearalenone (ZEA), the well-known estrogenic mycotoxins, is an immunotoxic agent. This macrocyclic beta-resorcyclic acid lactone is mycotoxin procreated as a secondary metabolic byproduct by several types of Fusarium, encompassing Fusarium roseum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium graminearum, and different other types. Attributing to its potent estrogenic activity, ZEA has been incriminated as one of the major causes of female reproductive disorders. Thus, the purpose of the present review article is to appraise the pathophysiological consequences and subsequent explore the progress in the research field of zearalenone immunotoxicities.
Molecular Detection of Some Anaplasma Species in Blood of Dogs in Baghdad Province, Iraq
Authors: Al –Obaidi Suha S. Ahmed , Khalaf Al-Ani Jenna M. , Al-Shammari Naseir B.
Published: August 2020

A total of 150 blood samples were collected from dogs and examined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, which was used to detect the 16S RNA gene of Anaplasma platys and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Subsequent analysis of the PCR amplicons was achieved by nucleotides sequencing of some positive samples. Totally, the findings show the presence of PCR products (i.e., Anaplasma spp. infection) in 12/150 (8.0%) of the dogs under study. While 5/150 (3.33%) of the cases were A. platys, 7/150 (4.66%) were A. phagocytophilum. Nucleotide sequencing confirmed the identity of the amplified genes whose sequences were compared with other references belong to 15 of 16S rRNA gene of A. platys and 14 references of 16S rRNA gene of A. phagocytophilum, and the isolate sequences of this study were deposited on the Gene Bank. The identity and similarity scores between the isolates of this study and reference strains ranged from 98 to 99%. In conclusion, canine anaplasmosis prevalence in dogs could be underestimated in Iraq, and the phylogenetic tree of the local A. platys and A. phagocytophilum isolates were found to resemble other worldwide strains of Anaplasma spp. with a high degree of similarity.
Toxicological Effects of Aqueous Extract of Calotropis procera Leaves in Experimentally Poisoned Rabbits
Authors: Al-Zuhairi Ahmad H. , Khalaf Al-Ani Jenan M. , Ibrahim Salah N.
Published: August 2020

Calotropis procera is announced to be medicinal and poisonous plant to human and animals. In this study, the toxicological effects of aqueous leaves extract were evaluated experimentally in rabbits. The median lethal dose (LD50) was estimated at 2435.25 mg/kg BW using the Up and Down method. Twenty-five local breed rabbits, 1-2-year-old and 1-1.9 kg BW, were divided randomly into five groups with five rabbits each. Those of groupsI, II, III and IV were exposed to 1/10 of LD50 (243.5mg/kg), 1/12.5 of LD50 (194.8 mg/kg), 1/15 of LD50 (162.4 mg/kg), and 1/20 of LD50 (121.8 mg/kg BW of extract respectively for 8 weeks, while those in G.V were left without exposed as a control group. Alkaloids, saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, steroidal, glycoside, terpenoids and flavonoids detected in phytochemicals screening. The dependent parameter were clinical signs exhibited by animals during the study in addition to some hematological parameters Red blood cells (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and packed cell volume (PCV). The main changes observed during monitoring the animals were chewing of mouth, bradycardia, engorged blood vessels, coughing and depression especially in these of G I, II and III; diminution body weight in G I; abortion in G I and II. The hematological and biochemical parameters depended showed a significant increase during the study. From this we can concluded that aqueous extract of leaves of the plant has a harmful effect in rabbits.
Cytotoxic Effect of Resveratrol on Colorectal Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Khayoon Hussein A. , Al-Rekabi Falah M. K.
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to examine the cytotoxic effect of resveratrol as an anticancer in human colorectal cancer (HRT) cell line by assessment of its half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and its ability to inhibit the growth of these cancerous cells. Resveratrol inhibited the proliferation of HRT cell lines when used at different increased concentrations in this study (25, 50, 100, 200, and 300 μmol). These increased concentrations of resveratrol caused a corresponding significant inhibition in the growth percentage of the tested cancerous cell line (13%, 31.33%, 53.66%, 63.66 %, and 76.33%, respectively) when compared with DMSO0.1% as negative control, in a concentration-dependent manner. Resveratrol at 300 μmol concentration showed the highest significant increase in the growth inhibitory percentage (76.33%). Moreover, resveratrol IC50 against HRT cell line was determined as 75.63 μmol. The study suggests a promising anticancer activity of resveratrol, which can interfere with many dysregulated signaling pathways in transformed cells which are proposed to be driving forces for its anticancer effect.
Duodenal Histomorphological Changes in Broilers Administered poly d, l-lactic-coglycolic acid (PLGA ) Nanoparticles Encapsulated with Peptide
Authors: Al-Rubaee Saja H. , Al-Azawi Tahani S. , Taha Ali A.
Published: August 2020

This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of poly d, l-lactic-coglycolic acid(PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with peptide (as vaccine) on histomorphological in duodenum of broiler chick. A total of ninety eight, one day old ,unsexed broiler( Rose) chicks were divided randomly into seven groups( 2 replicate in each group) as follows:G1-control,G2 - chicks received traditional vaccine of infectious bursal disease(Volvac@ IBD MLV) ,G3 – Chicks Received PLGA nanoparticles only, G4,G5,G6 and G7 – chicks were received prepared vaccine at 160, 80, 40,and 20 μg of peptide loaded PLGA respectively. At the end of the experiment histopathological examination of duodenum section and histomorphological changes were examined. The histopathological examination of duodenal sections shows an elongation and infiltration of lamina propria (LP) with increase villi height and crypt depth in groups that received PLGA alone and those received peptide loaded PLGA. At the same time these groups reveal an increase in mucosal thickness and in length and width of villi. The histomorphological examination in this study show thicker mucosal layer with deeper crypt in duodenum of broilers that subjected to PLGA administration alone or to different concentration of peptide loaded PLGA compared to G1 and G2. These findings are accompanied by a high density of goblet cells and lower villus hight/crypt depth (V/CD) ratio. All groups show mononuclear cells (MNCs) infiltration in submucosa ofduodenum. In-conclusion, the administration of PLGA nanoparticles is strongly linked to the improvement of the physiological and immunological features of the birds.
GESTATIONAL SYPHILIS IN THE LOW AMAZON MESOREGION
Authors: Sousa Randerson José   de Araujo , Ribeiro Mafra Adriana Vanessa , Do Nascimento Martins Nádia Vicência , Ribeiro Mafra Luanna Samara
Published: August 2020

Objective: This study aimed to outline the epidemiological profile of reported cases of gestational syphilis in five cities in the Lower Amazon mesoregion between 2008 and 2018. Materials and Methods: The study was descriptive, bibliographic, and retrospective with a quantitative approach. The variables used were sociodemographic and epidemiological and the data was made available by the Ministry of Health in line with the Department of Surveillance, Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STDs, HIV / AIDS) and Viral Hepatitis. The collected data were tabulated and processed with the aid of Microsoft Excel® 2010 and Action 2.8 software. Results: When characterizing the epidemiological profile, 949 reported cases of gestational syphilis were observed and the city of Santarém lead with 540 notifications. The age group between 20 and 29 years (52.6%), the race/color “Parda” (815), Incomplete Elementary School (42.7%) and the clinical classification of “Primary Syphilis” (465) predominated in all five cities. The prevailing gestational age was the “third trimester” and the treatment regimen adopted was Penicillin. Furthermore, the absence of some variables makes it difficult to build an epidemiological profile and efficient monetary targeting. Conclusion: Finally, this study can contribute to decisions by public agencies responsible for health care, as well as, instigate research in this region, in an attempt to grant more visibility to existing health problems, especially in the Amazonian interiors.
EFL Teachers’ Views on English Assessment in 2013 Curriculum
Authors: Sari Yulnada , Eriani Efit , Pratolo Bambang Widi
Published: August 2020

Teaching English as a foreign language in Indonesia faces several challenges not only from the teachers, students, facilities, teaching and learning process, but also how to assess the students. This present study purposed to investigate the English teachers’ views in conducting English assessments accordance in with 2013 curriculum. This study is a qualitative. The subject of this study is junior high school English teacher in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The research data were collected through in-depth interview and observation. The results of the study suggested that before teaching, the teachers have prepared the lesson plans which included the rubric of the assessments in 2013 curriculum. English assessments that were used by the teachers were product, skill or knowledge assessment and attitude assessment. In product assessment, there were project and portfolio assessments, while skill or knowledge assessment consisted of writing, speaking, reading, and listening assessments. Thus, most of the teachers agreed with English assessment in 2013 curriculum because attitude assessment is separated from product, skill, and knowledge assessments. This study also revealed that the teachers encountered some problems in conducting the assessments dealing with student’s low motivation, lack of vocabulary, large amount of the student in the class, and shortage of teaching duration.
The Use of Peer-Assessment in Enhancing ESP Students’ Speaking Ability
Authors: Hasnani Hasnani , Mubarak Muh. Hosni
Published: August 2020

The English for Specific Purpose students assumed that the speaking ability is the most challenging item to learn English because the English learning class and the environment are unsupportive to the students to speak in English. This research aimed to describe whether the peer assessment improves the ESP students' speaking ability or not. Thus, the researchers conducted experimental research by using a peer assessment method to check the improving speaking ability of ESP Students. This research involved 30 second-semester students of Teknik Laboratorium Medis at Universitas Megarezky. The data was analyzed from the assessment, interviews, observation, and field notes during the study. The result showed that the average of students' was 67.3 before applying peer assessment, while the percentage of students' score was 82 after using peer assessment. The speaking ability increased in the post-test after using peer assessment. The peer assessment can improve the speaking ability of ESP students' performances. This study concludes that the implementation of peer-assessment improves the speaking ability performance of ESP students. Although this research proves that peer assessment significantly increases speaking ability, but the next study is urgently needed, especially for ESP students. The researchers suggest tor further analysis to have more peer assessment techniques and apply peer assessment in different ways in ESP students.
Teaching Vocabulary Using Blended Learning Method
Authors: Masita Maya
Published: August 2020

This is a case study aimed at describing teaching vocabulary based blended learning method. There were 30 students involved in this study. The data were taken using mixed methods by giving an interview and observation. The findings of this study were analyzed using triangulation analysis. The results of this study showed that: 1) vocabulary teaching model based blended learning method create an interactive teaching and learning atmosphere, 2) the students are not familiar with the learning application, so they found difficulties using smartphone in accessing learning application, 3) the internet connection is unstable, so the teacher should prepare another activity, 4) the selection of learning applications that suitable with students need to make the teaching and learning activities more fun, easy to understand, and keep following the development of teaching and learning methods.
The Impacts of Consumptive Behaviors toward American Society in Modern Era as Reflected in the Film The Joneses
Authors: Rahayu Ambarwati Budi , Lesmana Nadella , Murwantono Didik
Published: August 2020

In this research, the writers make research of consumptive behavior and its impacts. “The Joneses” film represents the impacts of consumptive behavior in American society in many aspects of life. The objective of this paper is to describe and find the impacts of consumptive behavior toward American society, as reflected in the film "The Joneses." In analyzing data, the writers use a qualitative method by gathering the data qualitatively. The result reveals kinds of consumptive behavior, factors of consumptive behavior, impacts of consumptive behavior, and things that influence consumptive behavior. Some of them are environment and internal motivation.
The Challenges of Taking TOEIC Test and How to Overcome: Perception of Indonesian Vocational Students
Authors: Zahruni Nurul Amalia , Fahmi Fahmi , Pratolo Bambang Widi
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this research was to discover problems that Indonesian Vocational Students are having with the Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC) to improve TOEIC instruction. The participants were 18 students in school attending the TOEIC preparation course in the TOEIC course in October 2018. There were two steps in taking the data: (1) questionnaires on the listening and reading problems in the TOEIC test, and (2) interview on how they cope with the problems. The result shows that: 1) The majority of subjects had no experience in TOEIC and most of them did not have any preparation for the test; 2) Listening problems were at a high level in questionnaires 100% for the lack in vocabulary; 3) Reading problems were at a high level in questionnaires 100% for unknowing the meaning based on the context of the text; 4) The interview results showed that the students solve the problem in TOEIC test with learning by themselves, discuss with a partner and learning on the internet. The researchers recommend that the TOEIC course should include vocabulary building and be conducted frequently.