bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying Effective Mentors in Scientific Communication: A Latent Profile Analysis of Mentor Beliefs
Authors: Anderson Cheryl B. , Chang Shine , Lee Hwa Young , Baldwin Constance D.
Published: May 2020

The need to specifically mentor graduate and medical students performing biomedical and biobehavioral research in communication skills is increasingly being highlighted to increase intention to pursue academic research careers, including physician–scientist careers. This study used data collected from 354 research faculty in 33 states across the United States to examine beliefs and perceived barriers about mentoring in scientific communication (writing, presenting, and informal discussion about science), with the goal of advancing evidence-based recommendations for mentoring interventions. Latent profile analysis identified four mentor profiles, based on beliefs regarding mentoring responsibility, expected outcomes, and barriers in scientific communication mentoring. Problem solvers, who acknowledged trainee problems but reported high efficacy in overcoming them, offered the highest levels of supportive and instructive mentoring. Since mentoring messages and actions influence trainee career development significantly, our results have important implications for faculty development to advance effective mentoring, especially in scientific communication.
Structural evaluation of percolating, self-healing polyurethane–polycaprolactone blends doped with metallic, ferromagnetic, and modified graphene fillers
Authors: Wlodarczyk D , Zmuda-Trzebiatowska I , Karczewski J , Lubinska-Szczygel M , Urban M , Marciniak A , Kaminska A , Sikorska P , Graczyk MK , Strankowki M
Published: May 2020

Composites with differently shaped micro- and nanofillers show various, unique thermal, and physicochemical properties when mixed with carefully chosen polymer matrix. Selected composition holds strategic value in achieving desired properties that is biodegradability, thermoelectric conductivity, and shape memory for organic coating. The main aim of this work is to briefly examine structural changes after reaching percolation threshold and activating healing abilities within exploited (8–2 wt ratio) polyurethane–polycaprolactone thin films mixed up with different types of metallic and ferromagnetic microfillers. They, with applicable dosages of reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles, should enhance materials’ mechanical and conductive properties. Microscopic and spectroscopic techniques accompanied by extensive thermal analysis have been chosen to provide useful information about local changes in surface structure and morphology. Moreover, pristine, percolating surface with inner-formed, metallic structures shows moderate conducting properties within exploited materials which unfortunately diminish after thermal healing stimulus is being applied. This statement is supported by observing the coverage of regional defects and nearby pores with a concise, uniform layer of blend having different PU:PCL ratio. Including the additional fact that apparent filler migration is changing local dopant composition brings up an assumption that both phenomena have negative synergy effect on each other.
Exchange Rate Interdependence in ASEAN Markets: A Wavelet Analysis
Authors: Qureshi Saba , Aftab Muhammad
Published: May 2020

Severe swings among the financial markets’ linkages in the recent past motivate the research to examine the exchange rate co-movements. Therefore, this study examines the interdependence and contagion among the exchange rates of five important Asian emerging markets, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand exploring the multifarious nature of interdependence and lead lag association using discrete and continuous wavelet decomposition. The findings show the co-movement among many exchange rate pairs showing a substantial increase during the global financial crisis. There are moderate rises in co-movements, indicating regional market convergence in the long run. Singapore seems to hold driving position and Indonesia falls behind in all exchange rate pairs of the ASEAN-5. The findings provide policy implications for caring the interdependence in foreign exchange markets.
Optimizing good Corporate Governance Mechanism to Improve Performance: Case in Indonesia’s Manufacturing Companies
Authors: Napitupulu Ilham Hidayah , Situngkir Anggiat , Basuki Ferry Hendro , Nugroho Widyo
Published: May 2020

The application of good corporate governance (GCG) aims to improve company performance. In implementing GCG, a mechanism is needed, namely a procedure and a clear relationship between the decision-maker and the party overseeing the decision. The mechanism of GCG can be measured by the numbers of board of directors, independent board of commissioners, audit committees, and also managerial ownership. This research is conducted at manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, with a total sample of 52 companies determined by purposive sampling technique. Data are analyzed by using multiple regression analysis with statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) tools. The findings show that the board of directors and independent commissioners have an influence on company performance, while audit committees and managerial ownership do not affect the company’s performance. The company’s performance is improved by the existence of an independent board of commissioners that provides guidance and direction as well as supervision to the company management. Meanwhile, the audit committee has no influence, because the audit committee is only responsible for assisting the board of commissioners in monitoring the financial reporting process by the management to improve the credibility of financial statements, and managerial ownership does not affect the company’s performance because the number of management shares is quite low, because of which the management cannot influence the decisions taken at the general meeting of shareholders to improve the company’s financial performance. Thus, if the GCG mechanism goes well, then the company’s performance will increase.
Home and Clinical Literacy Practices for Children With Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Porod Therese K. , Gorman Brenda K.
Published: May 2020

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to examine experiences and practices related to supporting literacy development and preventing reading difficulties in children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P).

Methods:

Via online surveys, 67 respondents including 35 parents/guardians of children with CL/P and 32 speech-language pathologists (SLPs) answered questions about home literacy practices, clinical practices, and perceptions of SLPs’ role in literacy.

Results:

The variability in responses highlights both the positive contributions of parents/guardians and SLPs in supporting literacy development and preventing reading disabilities in children with cleft and the need for increased education and efforts to meet their literacy needs.
27-gauge trocar-assisted transconjunctival sutureless intraocular lens scleral fixation
Authors: Diamint David Vladimir , Giambruni Juan Martin
Published: May 2020

Objective

To present the surgical outcome of posterior chamber intraocular lens scleral fixation using a 27-gauge trocar-assisted transconjunctival sutureless technique in aphakic patients due to cataract surgery complications with inadequate capsular support.

Methods

Six consecutive patients with aphakia due to cataract surgery complications with inadequate capsular bag support were operated by two surgeons. Intraocular lens scleral fixation was performed with a 27-gauge trocar-assisted transconjunctival sutureless technique. Patients were followed-up for 12 months. Preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuities were assessed with Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study charts and expressed in decimals.

Results

All patients showed statistically significant best-corrected visual acuity improvement and excellent anatomic results. Mean preoperative best-corrected visual acuity was 0.17 (range of 0.1–0.2). Mean postoperative best-corrected visual acuity was 0.84 (range of 0.63–1.00). Mean initial spherical equivalent refractive error was +11.85 (range of +9.00 to +15.00). Mean final spherical equivalent refractive error was –0.25 (range of –1.25 to +2.25). There were no postoperative complications during the whole follow-up.

Conclusion

Fixation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens using a 27-gauge trocar-assisted transconjunctival sutureless intrascleral technique is an excellent option for aphakic patients secondary to cataract surgery complications with inadequate capsular support.
Reimaging ‘the Self’ in Criminology: Transcendence, Unconscious States and the Limits of Narrative Criminology
Authors: Laws Ben
Published: May 2020

Notions of ‘the self’ in criminology are rarely explored or defined, which is surprising given how pervasively the term is used. According to narrative criminology, the self is generated and moulded by the stories we tell; our identity emerges through narrative scripts and these stories motivate future action. But this understanding of selfhood is quite narrow. This article attempts to widen it by separating selfhood into three categories: ‘the reflexive self’ (the person we think we are); ‘the unconscious self’ (things we do not know that shape us); and ‘the experiencing self’ (the in-the-moment, living and breathing feeling of being alive). The article begins with a critical engagement with the field of narrative criminology which tends to address ‘the reflexive self’ somewhat in isolation. Then a number of findings in criminology, psychology and theology are presented which reveal alternative notions of selfhood. This includes engaging with theological accounts that can be described as transcendent or transpersonal. Second, psychoanalytic research notes how our behaviour is often motivated by unconscious processes that are hard to reconcile with traditional notions of selfhood. There is a call to bring these different ‘selves’ into dialogue and to draw cleaner distinctions between them. Increasing our understanding of selfhood helps us to think more clearly about key criminological debates, such as the causal mechanisms undergirding adaptation and desistance from crime.
The construction of gender identity in Alevi organisations: Discourses, practices, and gaps
Authors: Akdemir Ayşegül
Published: May 2020

The academic and lay interest towards Turkey’s Alevi community has so far treated the Alevi man as the ultimate Alevi subject. Gender dynamics in the Alevi communities have been overlooked since it was assumed that Alevi women enjoy equal rights with men as Alevism promotes gender equality. This has left gender dynamics in Alevi communities relatively under-researched. In this article I aim to analyse the construction of an idealised image of Alevi woman through the analysis of 31 semi-structured interviews that I have conducted with women who have administrative roles in various cemevi in Istanbul. In most narratives there is a gap between the actual situation of Alevi women and the idealised Alevi woman; this gap is understood as a result of the patriarchal culture prevalent in the Middle East, the encounters with the Sunni majority and the weakening of Alevi traditions’ influence on individuals’ daily lives.
Effects of Delaying College-Level Mathematics Course Enrollment for Remedial Students
Authors: Zientek Linda Reichwein , Lane Forrest C. , Sechelski Amber , Shupp Susanna
Published: May 2020

Mathematics has been a barrier for degree attainment. Research has focused on mathematics generally and not the transition from remedial to college-level coursework. This study examined the effects of delaying enrollment in college-level mathematics on student success. Propensity score matching minimized bias between immediate and delayed enrollment in a college-level course. Our findings indicated that delaying enrollment in a college-level course changed the likelihood a university retained first-time remedial mathematics students after Years 1 and 2. No evidence was found to suggest remedial students’ decision to delay enrollment in a college-level course affected undergraduate grade point average or earning a passing grade in college-level mathematics. Results of course performance were biased toward those who attempted a college-level mathematics course; 25.7% of the matched sample who completed their remedial courses never enrolled in a college-level mathematics course, and most of those departed early. Our results support the importance of early completion of mathematics.
A precise ultra high frequency partial discharge location method for switchgear based on received signal strength ranging
Authors: Song Jiajia , Zhang Jinbo , Fan Xinnan
Published: May 2020

Partial discharges are the main insulation defects encountered in gas-insulated switchgears. When it occurs inside the gas-insulated switchgear cavity, it degrades insulation, and, sooner or later, causes a breakdown. Therefore, it is important to discover insulation defects as early as possible, locate the discharge, and perform both defect identification and maintenance. Current ultra high frequency-based partial discharge location methods mainly use time delay. To obtain accurate delay times, however, a very high sampling rate is needed, which requires expensive hardware and greatly limits its application. Therefore, in this article, a localization method based on received signal strength indicator ranging is proposed, and location estimation is carried out. An easily implementable particle swarm optimization algorithm with high positioning accuracy is selected to compensate for the low positioning accuracy of current received signal strength indicator ranging methods. To further improve positioning accuracy, the convergence conditions of the particle swarm optimization are investigated, and, considering their constraints, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. By combining the characteristics of ultra high frequency wireless sensor array positioning, the particle size is optimized. The simulation results show that the location accuracy using the ultra high frequency switchgear partial discharge location method based on received signal strength indicator ranging with the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm performs significantly better.
Dynamic and semantic-aware access-control model for privacy preservation in multiple data center environments
Authors: Chen Aiguo , Lu Guoming , Xing Hanwen , Xie Yuan , Yuan Shunwei
Published: May 2020

With the rapid development of intelligent perception and other data acquisition technologies in the Internet of things, large-scale scientific workflows have been widely used in geographically distributed multiple data centers to realize high performance in business model construction and computational processing. However, insider threats pose very significant privacy and security risks to systems. Traditional access-control models can no longer satisfy the reasonable authorization of resources in these new cross-domain environments. Therefore, a dynamic and semantic-aware access-control model is proposed for privacy preservation in multiple data center environments, which implements a semantic dynamic authorization strategy based on an anomaly assessment of users’ behavior sequences. The experimental results demonstrate that this dynamic and semantic-aware access-control model is highly dynamic and flexible and can improve the security of the application system.
Two-year results of the Moovis trapeziometacarpal joint arthroplasty with focus on early complications
Authors: Dremstrup Lene , Thillemann Janni Kjærgaard , Kirkeby Lone , Larsen Lotte Priess , Hansen Torben Bæk , Stilling Maiken
Published: May 2020

In this prospective study, we aimed to analyse the early results of 200 consecutive total trapeziometacarpal joint arthroplasties using the Moovis cup, a new generation, dual-mobility, uncemented conical cup, with special focus on early complications. At the 24-month follow-up, we found clinically relevant improvement of function and comfort. Among intraoperative complications were nine intraoperative trapezial fractures, which were treated by screw osteosynthesis; prolonged immobilization; and conversion to cemented cup fixation or primary or secondary trapeziectomy. One was left untreated as the loose cup did not cause notable symptoms. There were three implants with polyethylene wear and two with liner dislocation. We conclude that early outcomes of this new-generation implant are favourable, but its surgery is challenging and associated with important intraoperative and early postoperative complications related to the learning curve. Attentive reaming of the trapezium and careful cup impaction are crucial steps to avoid trapezial fracture and early cup failure. Level of evidence: II
RAD52 variants influence NSCLC risk in the Chinese population in a high altitude area
Authors: Li Miao , Chen Rong , Ji Baoyan , Fan Chunmei , Wang Guanying , Yue Chenli , Jin Guoquan
Published: May 2020

Background:

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 80% of diagnosed lung cancer patients. RAD52 has been reported to be associated with the development of squamous cell lung carcinoma. In this study, we assessed the relationships of RAD52 genetic polymorphisms and NSCLC risk among the Chinese population at high altitude.

Methods:

Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of RAD52 were genotyped in the Agena MassARRAY platform among 506 NSCLC patients and 510 healthy controls. We examined the association of RAD52 polymorphisms with NSCLC risk using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) via multiple genetic models.

Results:

The rs10774474 A allele was related to a decreased risk of NSCLC in a high altitude population of China (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.69–0.98, p = 0.032), whereas mutant alleles of rs1051672, rs7310449, rs1051669, rs6413436, rs4766377 and rs10849605 significantly increased NSCLC risk. Haplotype analysis showed that four haplotypes of RAD52 polymorphisms conferred an enhanced susceptibility to NSCLC (Ars1051672Grs7310449Trs1051669Ars6413436: OR = 1.29, p = 0.021; Grs1051672Ars7310449Crs1051669Grs6413436: OR = 1.21, p = 0.027; Grs4766377Crs12822733Trs10774474Crs10849605: OR = 1.26, p = 0.032; Ars4766377Crs12822733Ars10774474Trs10849605: OR = 1.21, p = 0.032).

Conclusions:

Our findings suggested the remarkable association of RAD52 polymorphisms with NSCLC risk among the Chinese population in a high altitude area. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
Assessment of patient satisfaction with pharmacy service and associated factors in public hospitals, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Ayele Yohanes , Hawulte Behailu , Feto Tilaye , Basker G Vijai , Bacha Yadeta Dessie
Published: May 2020

Background:

A comprehensive understanding of the extent of patient satisfaction and its determinants are crucial in improving the quality of service. Hence, this research was designed to measure patient satisfaction with pharmacy service.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 patients to assess satisfaction with pharmacy service in public hospitals located in Eastern Ethiopia from September to January 2018. Data were collected through an exit interview using structured questionnaires. Then, it was entered into EpiData version 3.1 and exported to STATA version 14.2 for analysis. Associations between dependent and independent variables were assessed by multiple logistic regression using an adjusted odds ratio at a 95% confidence interval and the p values of less than 0.05.

Results:

A total of 407 samples were included in the final analysis. The mean overall satisfaction of clients measured out of five was 2.29 (standard deviation ± 0.56). The proportion of overall satisfaction was 46.19%. Patients within the age range of 26–35 years and 36–50 years were found to have 50% (adjusted odds ratio = 0.5, 95% confidence interval: 0.3, 0.9) and 60% (adjusted odds ratio = 0.4, 95% confidence interval: 0.2, 0.8) decreased likelihood of satisfaction compared with patients within the range of 18–25 years, respectively. Likewise, patients who attended only secondary education compared to their counterpart (a certificate and above) were less likely to be satisfied (adjusted odds ratio = 0.4, 95% confidence interval: 0.2, 0.8). In contrast, rural dwellers and patients who collected all their medications from the respective hospital were found to be more satisfied compared with their equivalent (adjusted odds ratio = 3, 95% confidence interval: 1.8, 5.2) and (adjusted odds ratio = 2.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.4, 3.5), respectively.

Conclusion:

Patient satisfaction with pharmacy service was found to be very low considering the current health-care system movement toward delivering quality service. Hence, health-care providers and administrators should give due attention to contributing factors in order to improve the quality of service and ultimately increase patient satisfaction.
Human papillomavirus 16–positive penile Bowen’s disease involving the distal urethra: A case report
Authors: Sakamoto Jiro , Shigehara Kazuyoshi , Shimizu Kyoko , Maeda Shintaro , Nakagawa Tomomi , Kawaguchi Shohei , Izumi Kouji , Kadono Yoshifumi , Mizokami Atsushi
Published: May 2020

A 79-year-old man visited our hospital with a chief complaint of erythema around the urethral orifice of the glans, and a diagnosis of penile Bowen’s disease was made by penile skin biopsy. Initially, local tumor resection with skin grafting from the femoral skin was performed. However, histopathological examination revealed a positive urethral margin of tumor. Since the degree of urethral lesion of penile Bowen’s disease was unclear, the patient received glansectomy. Histopathological examination revealed a tumor lesion in the distal urethra, 7 mm from the external urethral orifice, and confirmed the complete resection of urethral Bowen’s disease. The patient recovered well, with no definite recurrence of Bowen’s disease up to 13 months after partial penectomy. Human papillomavirus 16 DNA was detected in the paraffin-embedded tumor sample, and in situ hybridization confirmed human papillomavirus 16 DNA locations in the tumor tissue. Immunohistochemistry revealed that p16-INK4a was widely expressed in the tumor tissue.
Evaluation of patient perception towards dynamic health data sharing using blockchain based digital consent with the Dovetail digital consent application: A cross sectional exploratory study
Authors: Despotou George , Evans Jill , Nash William , Eavis Alexandra , Robbins Tim , Arvanitis Theodoros N
Published: May 2020

Background

New patient-centric integrated care models are enabled by the capability to exchange the patient’s data amongst stakeholders, who each specialise in different aspects of the patient’s care. This requires a robust, trusted and flexible mechanism for patients to offer consent to share their data. Furthermore, new IT technologies make it easier to give patients more control over their data, including the right to revoke consent. These characteristics challenge the traditional paper-based, single-organisation-led consent process. The Dovetail digital consent application uses a mobile application and blockchain based infrastructure to offer this capability, as part of a pilot allowing patients to have their data shared amongst digital tools, empowering patients to manage their condition within an integrated care setting.

Objective

To evaluate patient perceptions towards existing consent processes, and the Dovetail blockchain based digital consent application as a means to manage data sharing in the context of diabetes care.

Method

Patients with diabetes at a General Practitioner practice were recruited. Data were collected using focus groups and questionnaires. Thematic analysis of the focus group transcripts and descriptive statistics of the questionnaires was performed.

Results

There was a lack of understanding of existing consent processes in place, and many patients did not have any recollection of having previously given consent. The digital consent application received favourable feedback, with patients recognising the value of the capability offered by the application. Patients overwhelmingly favoured the digital consent application over existing practice.

Conclusions

Digital consent was received favourably, with patients recognising that it addresses the main limitations of the current process. Feedback on potential improvements was received. Future work includes confirmation of results in a broader demographic sample and across multiple conditions.
“They Threatened to Call Immigration”: Challenges Faced by Civil Protection Order Applicants and Respondents
Authors: Bejinariu Alexa , Troshynski Emily I.
Published: May 2020

The current study seeks to better understand the challenges faced by immigrant applicants and respondents as they enter the civil court system for the purpose of obtaining protection orders. Structured observations of protection order hearings in a civil court are analyzed and include cases in which immigration-related issues were discussed. Through qualitative data analysis, three themes emerged. These include (1) threats of parental kidnapping and child abduction across country borders; (2) concerns over legal immigration documents; and (3) worries and/or threats of deportation. Findings suggest that battered immigrant victims have an acute vulnerability to experiencing multiple types of abuse. Implications for future research directions, policy recommendations, and strategies for improving the experiences of battered immigrants within the civil court system are also discussed.
Effectiveness of a Proposed Program in Developing Practices and Modifying Beliefs of Practitioner Teachers About the Flipped Classroom
Authors: Alali Reem Abdulaziz
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of a proposed program in developing practices and modifying beliefs of practitioner teachers about the flipped classroom. To this end, the author followed a true experimental design, wherein the experimental group received training through the proposed program, whereas the control group received none, and after the treatment the participants were invited to run a posttest. A total of 50 female students were selected randomly from the Department of Islamic Studies, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University. To measure the post-performance of the two groups, the author used an observation card and a scale of beliefs on the flipped classroom. The findings of the study revealed (a) statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the two groups on the observation card in favor of the experimental group, indicating a strong effect of the proposed program on developing the teachers’ practices of the flipped classroom; (b) statistically significant differences between the mean scores of two groups on the scale of belief in favor of the experimental group, indicating a strong effect of the proposed program on modifying teachers’ beliefs about the flipped class; and (c) a positive statistical correlation at .05 between the teachers’ practices and beliefs about the flipped classroom.
Language Consistency and Stock Market Trading Volume
Authors: Watts Jameson K. M.
Published: May 2020

An information-theoretic measure of language consistency is constructed from the text of 13 years of trade journal articles on the biotechnology industry. This measure is then related to the trading volume of a representative portfolio of biotechnology stocks. Findings indicate that language consistency and trading volume have a joint (positive) influence on each other over the long term; however, sharp drops in consistency are also predictive of transient spikes in trading volume. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to modern theories of legitimation and the economics of surprise.
A Rare Case of Fungal Burn Wound Infection Caused by Fusarium solani in Vietnam
Authors: Tram Que Anh , Minh Nguyen Thai Ngoc , Anh Do Ngoc , Lam Nguyen Nhu , Dung Tran Ngoc , Thi Minh Chau Ngo , Tran-Anh Le
Published: May 2020

A patient with extensive burn injuries was admitted to the National Hospital of Burns in Hanoi, Vietnam, and diagnosed with fungal wound infection by histological examination of skin biopsy samples. Fusarium solani was isolated and identified by analysis of its morphological features and the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region. The isolation showed in vitro resistant to fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin. Invasive fusariosis is difficult to treat due to its angioinvasive property and its lacking amenability to treatment with antifungal drugs. This infection is rare and has not been reported so far in Vietnam.
Case-Based Learning as an Effective Tool in Teaching Pharmacology to Undergraduate Medical Students in a Large Group Setting
Authors: Kaur Gurleen , Rehncy Jagdeep , Kahal Karamdeep Singh , Singh Jaspreet , Sharma Vidushi , Matreja Prithpal Singh , Grewal Harmandeep
Published: May 2020

Background:

The need for case-based learning in basic subjects is being recognized world over. Early clinical illustrations and actual clinical exposure enable students to associate basic science and real patient situations, probably increasing their retention of knowledge. The study was conducted to introduce an alternate method of teaching-learning in pharmacology in a large classroom setting to integrate pharmacology into clinical setting for better learning and understanding of the subject.

Methods:

Ninety-four students of second professional MBBS of a medical college in Punjab were divided into 2 groups and were taught a 2-hour topic in pharmacology using case-based learning (CBL) method and didactic lecture (DL) method using a crossover design. Their attendance and written test score at the end of teaching session were compared. Feedback from students and faculty was taken by prestructured questionnaires.

Results:

There was an increase in students’ attendance ( P = .008) in CBL sessions but insignificant difference in their performance ( P = .98) in the tests. Most (84%) of the students felt that CBL is a better method of teaching-learning than traditional DL. The teaching faculty felt that the students looked more interested and were themselves more motivated for the newer method of teaching.

Conclusions:

Case-based learning led to improvement in student motivation, satisfaction, and engagement. Most students and faculty accepted that CBL was an effective learning tool for pharmacology teaching in a large group setting and supported the incorporation of CBL into traditional DL teaching.
Role of Human Resources in Building Ethical Organisational Culture
Authors: Rajan Mukund , Bhaduri Nilanjana
Published: May 2020

Business ethics has always been a primary determinant of organisational identity. With increasing instances of corporate wrongdoing and unethical behaviour, organisations do try to invest in corrective actions, but their emphasis tends to be on the ‘letter’, i.e. the legalities of operating a business within the law. However, there is a very strong influencer element that lies in the ‘spirit’, i.e. the values, thought and the practice embedded within the organisation culture that makes things right. This article deep dives into the enhanced role that the human resources (HR) function needs to play to nurture and develop an ethical organisation. This article is based on an interview with Dr Mukund Rajan, the Tata veteran who has held the office of the Chief Ethics Officer of the Tata Group. His views are supplemented with research findings on organisation practices supporting ethical culture.
Migraine treatment and healthcare costs: retrospective analysis of the China Health Insurance Research Association (CHIRA) database
Authors: Yu Shengyuan , Zhang Yanlei , Yao Yuan , Cao Haijun
Published: May 2020

Background

Adult migraine remains underdiagnosed and undertreated, despite significant negative effects on physical and emotional functioning. Information on prescribing patterns and treatment costs of migraine in China is limited.

Methods

This retrospective analysis of the China Health Insurance Research Association (CHIRA) medical insurance claims database in 2016 to 2017 evaluated treatment patterns, direct medical costs, and healthcare resource utilization among adults with migraine in mainland China.

Results

Of 108,375 patients with headache-related outpatient visits, 10,652 were adults with migraine (mean age 51.4 years, 55.4% female). Common comorbidities were major depressive disorder (4.1%), insomnia (3.8%), and anxiety (2.3%). Migraine patients were prescribed acute medication (26.4%), preventive medication (15.0%), and Chinese patent and herbal medicines (24.5% and 11.7%, respectively). Of patients prescribed acute medication, 68.8% received non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 7.1% received opioids, while only 3.3% received triptans. Mean annual outpatient costs per patient were 46.5 United States dollars (USD), with mean (standard deviation) 1.8 (2.0) outpatient visits per year. Medication costs for traditional Chinese medicine (22.4 USD per patient) were higher than for Western medicine (13.5 USD).

Conclusion

Among migraine patients in China, NSAIDs were commonly prescribed as acute medication, while utilization of migraine-specific triptans and preventive medications was low.
Satisfaction with general functionality and safety of travel in relation to residential environment and satisfaction with transport modes
Authors: Tiikkaja Hanne , Liimatainen Heikki , Pöllänen Markus
Published: May 2020

The objective of this paper is to study 1) do people living in certain residential environments express more dissatisfaction with general functionality and safety of travel, 2) is dissatisfaction with general functionality and safety of travel related to dissatisfaction with certain transport modes, 3) is the residential environment related to mode-specific travel satisfaction mediated by satisfaction with general functionality and safety of travel, and 4) is dissatisfaction with general functionality and safety of travel related to use of different transport modes. The analyses are based on a Finnish survey (representative sample of 17,996 people, response rate 29.7%) on citizen satisfaction with the transport system and travel chains. Three groups, the satisfied, the neither satisfied nor dissatisfied and the dissatisfied, are analysed according to their residential environment, satisfaction with different transport modes and the use of the modes. The results indicate that the residential environment and the satisfaction with general functionality and safety of travel are related. Results suggest that satisfaction with different modes is partly related to lower options offered by the residential environment and higher expectations towards the residential environment. However, satisfaction with general functionality and safety of travel does not relate to higher expectations in a similar way. Findings from this study indicate that satisfaction with daily travel is a phenomenon related to the travel options offered by the residential environment.
Gene networks and expression quantitative trait loci associated with adjuvant chemotherapy response in high-grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Choi Jihoon , Topouza Danai G. , Tarnouskaya Anastasiya , Nesdoly Sean , Koti Madhuri , Duan Qing Ling
Published: May 2020

Background

A major impediment in the treatment of ovarian cancer is the relapse of chemotherapy-resistant tumors, which occurs in approximately 25% of patients. A better understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying chemotherapy resistance will improve treatment efficacy through genetic testing and novel therapies.

Methods

Using data from high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) patients in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we classified those who remained progression-free for 12 months following platinum-taxane combination chemotherapy as “chemo-sensitive” (N = 160) and those who had recurrence within 6 months as “chemo-resistant” (N = 110). Univariate and multivariate analysis of expression microarray data were used to identify differentially expressed genes and co-expression gene networks associated with chemotherapy response. Moreover, we integrated genomics data to determine expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL).

Results

Differential expression of the Valosin-containing protein (VCP) gene and five co-expression gene networks were significantly associated with chemotherapy response in HGSOC. VCP and the most significant co-expression network module contribute to protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, which has been implicated in chemotherapy response. Both univariate and multivariate analysis findings were successfully replicated in an independent ovarian cancer cohort. Furthermore, we identified 192 cis-eQTLs associated with the expression of network genes and 4 cis-eQTLs associated with BRCA2 expression.

Conclusion

This study implicates both known and novel genes as well as biological processes underlying response to platinum-taxane-based chemotherapy among HGSOC patients.
Prevention of acute radiation-induced Proctitis by Aloe vera: a prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial in Pelvic Cancer patients
Authors: Sahebnasagh Adeleh , Ghasemi Arash , Akbari Jafar , Alipour Abbas , Lashkardoost Hossein , Ala Shahram , Hosseinimehr Seyed Jalal , Salehifar Ebrahim
Published: May 2020

Background

Acute radiation-induced proctitis (ARP) is the most common side effect following radiotherapy for malignant pelvic disease. This study evaluated the efficacy of Aloe vera ointment in prevention of ARP.

Methods

Forty-two patients receiving external-beam radiotherapy (RT) for pelvic malignancies were randomized to receive either Aloe vera 3% or placebo topical ointment during radiotherapy for 6 weeks. These patients were evaluated based on the severity (grade 0–4) of the following symptoms weekly: rectal bleeding, abdominal/rectal pain, diarrhea, or fecal urgency. RTOG acute toxicity criteria and psychosocial status of the patients were also recorded weekly. Lifestyle impact of the symptoms, and quantitative measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP), an indicator of systemic inflammation, were also measured.

Results

The results of present study demonstrated a significant preventive effect for Aloe vera in occurrence of symptom index for diarrhea (p < 0.001), rectal bleeding (p < 0.001), and fecal urgency (p = 0.001). The median lifestyle score improved significantly with Aloe vera during RT (p < 0.001). Intervention patients had a significant lower burden of systemic inflammation as the values for quantitative CRP decreased significantly over 6 weeks of follow-up (p = 0.009).

Conclusion

This study showed that Aloe vera topical ointment was effective in prevention of symptoms of ARP in patients undergoing RT for pelvic cancers.

Trial registration

IRCT201606042027N6. Registration date: 2016-09-04.
Complementary and alternative medicine use among outpatients during the 2015 MERS outbreak in South Korea: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hwang Jung Hye , Cho Hyun Jeong , Im Hyea Bin , Jung Young Sun , Choi Soo Jeung , Han Dongwoon
Published: May 2020

Background

The 2015 MERS outbreak in South Korea was the largest event outside of the Middle East. Under such circumstances, individuals tend to resort to non-conventional solutions such as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to manage health. Thus, this study aims to examine characteristics of CAM use among outpatients in a community hospital setting during the 2015 MERS outbreak and to assess potential predictors of CAM use during the epidemic.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 331 patients (response rate: 82.75%) at a community hospital located in Seoul, South Korea. The survey instrument included 36 questions on the use of CAM, demographic characteristics, health status, and respondents’ perceptions and concerns about MERS infection. Chi-square test and logistic regression were conducted for data analysis using SPSS ver. 21.0., and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analyses.

Results

76.1% of respondents used one or more types of CAM modalities during the MERS outbreak. Consumption of easily accessible modalities such as multivitamin (51.2%) and food products (32.1%) was most popular, and the majority of CAM users relied on mass media (52.4%) and the internet (27.4%) to obtain information on CAM. The use of CAM was associated with age between 40 and 49, age over 50, prior CAM use, and dissatisfaction with the government response to the MERS outbreak.

Conclusions

CAM was commonly used by outpatients during the 2015 MERS outbreak in Korea, and mass media was the main source of information. Establishing a media platform is of paramount importance to provide reliable information and ensure the safety of its use.
Comparing empathy in medical students of two Portuguese medicine schools
Authors: Santiago Luiz Miguel , Rosendo Inês , Coutinho Mona-Lisa , Maurício Katia Sophie , Neto Isabel , Simões José Augusto
Published: May 2020

Background

Empathy is paramount in the doctor-patient relationship being a comprehensive and multidimensional concept. Self-ratings of empathy change across the years of medical education only when the Jefferson Scale of Physicians Empathy is used, with a worrying decrease being found throughout the years in Medicine Schools. As there are only few studies on the factors influencing medical student’s empathy, particularly of the curricular model, this study aimed to compare the levels of empathy of medicine students of two Schools with different curricular models in central Portugal, the Faculty of Medicine - University of Coimbra (FMUC) and the Faculty of Health Sciences - University of Beira Interior (FCS-UBI).

Methods

Cross-sectional observational study with the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy – students’ Portuguese version (JSPE – spv) to 1st, 3rd and 6th year students of the 2017/2018 academic year with descriptive and inferential statistical analysis (p < 0.05).

Results

Size representative sample of 795 students. Higher total empathy score (TES) (p = 0.008) and “Perspective taking” (p = 0.001) in FCS-UBI were found. JSPE-TES was higher in FCS-UBI, 3rd year (p = 0.038). Higher FCS-UBI “Perspective taking” in the 1st year (p = 0.030) and 6th year (p = 0.044), for “Compassionate care” in the 3rd (p = 0.019) and for “Standing in the patient’s shoes” in the 1st year (p = 0.018) and in FMUC for “Compassionate care” in the 1st year (p = 0.037) and the “Standing in the patient’s shoes” in year 3 (p = 0.002) were found. Higher levels of empathy were found in FCS-UBI female students, for JSPE-TES (p = 0.045) and “Perspective taking” (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Higher empathy levels in FCS-UBI were found, with different results in the third year suggesting influence of the medical course teaching characteristics between the two Medicine schools, student’s empathy levels being higher when earlier and more intense contact with patients accompanied by skilled tutors was developed.
Effects of prostaglandin E1 nebulization of ventilated lung under 60%O2 one lung ventilation on patients’ oxygenation and oxidative stress: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Li Pengyi , Gu Lianbing , Bian Qingming , Tan Jing , Jiao Dian , Wu Fei , Xu Zeping , Wang Lijun
Published: May 2020

Background

High FiO2during one-lung ventilation (OLV) can improve oxygenation, but increase the risk of atelectasis and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to analyze whether Prostaglandin E1(PGE1) can improve oxygenation and attenuate oxidative stress during OLV under a lower FiO2.

Method

Ninety patients selectively undergoing thoracotomy for esophageal cancer were randomly divided into three groups (n = 30/group): Group P (FiO2 = 0.6, inhaling PGE10.1 μg/kg), Group L (FiO2 = 0.6) and Group C (FiO2 = 1.0). The primary outcomes were oxygenation and pulmonary shunt during OLV. Secondary outcomes included haemodynamics, respiratory mechanics and oxidative stress in serum.

Results

Patients in Group P had significantly higher PaO2and lower shunt fraction in 30 min of OLV compared with Group L. Compared with Group C, patients in Group P had similar levels of PaO2/FiO2in 60 min and higher levels of PaO2/FiO2at 2 h during OLV. The levels of PvO2and SvO2in Group P and Group L were significantly lower than Group C. Patients in Group P and Group L had significantly higher levels of superoxide dismutase and lower levels of malondialdehyde than Group C. No significant differences were found in SPO2, ETCO2, PaCO2, Paw, HR and MAP among the three groups. The complications in Group C were significantly higher than another two groups.

Conclusion

PGE1can maintain adequate oxygenation in patients with low FiO2(0.6) during OLV. Reducing FiO2to 0.6 during OLV can decrease the levels of oxidative stress and complications after OLV.

Trial registration

chictr.org.cn identifier:ChiCTR1800017100.
Effect of neoadjuvant radiotherapy on survival of non-metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a SEER database analysis
Authors: Wang Dan , Liu Chongshun , Zhou Yuan , Yan Tingyu , Li Chenglong , Yang Qionghui , Xu Yang , Zhao Lilan , Pei Qian , Tan Fengbo , Güngör Cenap , Li Yuqiang
Published: May 2020

Background

Neoadjuvant radiotherapy has been shown to improve marginal negative resection and local control of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, whether it improves overall survival (OS) in patients with non-metastatic PDAC remains controversial. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the benefits of only surgery, neoadjuvant radiotherapy, adjuvant radiotherapy, and surgery plus chemotherapy for OS in patients with non-metastatic PDAC.

Methods

PDAC diagnosed by surgical histopathology in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2004 and 2016 was selected. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare the prognosis of patients with different treatments. Cox proportional risk model was used to analyze independent predictors of OS. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to analyze the tumor prognosis of different treatment methods.

Results

Before PSM analysis, the OS of surgery plus chemotherapy (HRs = 0.896, 95%CIs, 0.827–0.970; P = 0.007) were significantly better than the other three treatments for stage T1-3N0M0 PDAC patients. For stage T1-3N + M0 patients, adjuvant radiotherapy (HRs = 0.613, 95% CIs, 0.579–0.649; P < 0.001) had significantly better OS than surgery plus chemotherapy and neoadjuvant radiotherapy. For stage T4N0M0 patients, neoadjuvant radiotherapy (HRs = 0.482, 95% CIs, 0.347–0.670; P < 0.001) had significantly better OS than surgery plus chemotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy. For stage T4N + M0 patients, neoadjuvant radiotherapy (HRs = 0.338, 95% CIs, 0.215–0.532; P < 0.001) had significantly longer OS than adjuvant radiotherapy and surgery plus chemotherapy. Even after PSM, Chemotherapy plus surgery was still the best treatment for T1-3N0M0 patients. Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy had the best prognosis among T1-3N + M0 patients, and neoadjuvant radiotherapy was the best treatment for T4 patients.

Conclusions

For patients with non-metastatic PDAC, neoadjuvant radiotherapy, adjuvant radiotherapy and surgery plus chemotherapy were superior to only surgery in OS. For patients with stage T4 non-metastatic PDAC, neoadjuvant radiotherapy had the potential to be strongly recommended over adjuvant radiotherapy and surgery plus chemotherapy. However, neoadjuvant radiotherapy failed to benefit the survival of T1-3N0M0 stage patients, and surgery plus chemotherapy was preferred. For T1-3N + M0, neoadjuvant radiotherapy had no obvious advantage over adjuvant radiotherapy or surgery plus chemotherapy in OS, and adjuvant radiotherapy was more recommended.