bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Literature Review : Gambaran Kualitas Hidup Pasien Kanker Payudara
Authors: Nuha Titik Ulin , Natalia Wiwiek
Published: December 2021

AbstractPatients who are declared to have breast cancer will experience both physical and psychological impacts that affect their quality of life Decreased quality of life will certainly interfere with daily life and activities. This study aims to describe an overview of the quality of life of breast cancer patients. It is a literature review with an online searching from Semantic Scholar and Google Scholar so that it obtained 5 articles in inclusive and exclusive criteria. The results of the research from these articles show the characteristics of the majority of respondents aged <65 years 237 (100%), most of them have secondary and high education levels as much as 113 (47.67%), most of the work is housewives or not working as much as 154 (64.97%). Meanwhile, based on the results of the study of 5 articles with the quality WHOOL-BREF instrument, most of them had a good quality of life as much as 70 (77.77%). 41 (65.08%) and as measured using the QOL-Indian Scenario instrument had a quality of life below the average of 43 (51.20%). Based on the results of the analysis, it is known that the majority of breast cancer patients, quality of life is good.Keywords: Breast cancer; Quality of life

AbstrakPasien yang dinyatakan menderita kanker payudara, akan mengalami dampak baik secara fisik maupun psikologis yang akan mempengaruhi kualitas hidupnya. Kualitas hidup yang mengalami penurunan akan mengganggu terhadap kehidupan dan aktifitas sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kualitas hidup pasien kanker payudara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu literature review dengan melakukan penelusuran online dari sumber database semantic scholar dan google scholar sehingga didapatkan 5 artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eklusi. Hasil penelitian menujukan dari 5 artikel dengan karakteristik responden mayoritas berusia <65 tahun 237 (100%), sebagian besar tingkat pendidikannya menengah dan tinggi sebanyak 113 (47,67%), sebagian besar pekerjaannya adalah Ibu rumah tangga atau tidak bekerja sebanyak 154 (64,97%). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dari 5 artikel dengan kualitas hidup pasien kanker payudara yang diukur menggunakan instrumen WHOQL-BREF sebagian besar memiliki kualitas hidup yang baik sebanyak 70 (77,77%) Sedangkan yang diukur menggunakan instrumen SF-36 sebagian besar memiliki kualitas hidup yang baik sebanyak 41 (65,08%) dan yang diukur menggunakan instrumen QOL-Indian Scenario memiliki kualitas hidup dibawah rata-rata 43 (51,20). Berdasarkan hasil analisis diketahui bahwa mayoritas kualitas hidup pasien kanker payudara adalah baik.Kata kunci: Kanker payudara; kualitas hidup
Gambaran Pelaksanaan Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) Pada Bayi Dengan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR): Literature Review
Authors: Rizqiana Hesti , Sulistyanto Benny Afief
Published: December 2021

AbstractBabies with low brith weight (LBW) require special care to prevent neonatal death due to low birth weight. To identify the description of the implementation of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) care in low birth weight infants. This research method used Literature Review. Research articles from several databases, namely PubMed and Portal garuda, were identified using the keywords "Kangaroo Mother Care" AND "Low Brith Weight" AND "Practice".These articles were published in 2015-2021. Research articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were reviewed using the JBI Cross Sectional Study instrument. There are five articles analyzed in this study. The results of the study showed the implementation of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) in LBW infants. The average time of KMC implementation duration 65 minutes. Most of the respondent carried out KMC in the hospital after giving birth with the correct SOP according to the hospital procedures. It can be concluded that the implementation of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) can increase body weight in LBW babies, normal body temperature, and increase breastfeeding or nutrition.Keywords: LBW Babies; Kangaroo Mother Care; Practice

AbstrakBayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) memerlukan perawatan yang khusus untuk mencegah terjadinya kematian neonatal. Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) adalah salah satu cara yang mudah dan efektif untuk mencegah terjadinya kematian neonatal akibat BBLR. Untuk mengidentifikasi gambaran pelaksanaan perawatan Kangaro Mother Care (KMC) pada bayi berat badan lahir rendah. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Literature Review. Artikel penelitian dari beberapa database yaitu PubMed dan Portal garuda di identifikasi dengan menggunakan kata kunci “Kangaroo Mother Care” AND “Low Brith Weight” AND “Practice” yang di batesi dari tahun 2015-2021. Artikel penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi di telaah dengan menggunakan instrument JBI Cross Sectional studi. Terdapat lima artikel yang dianalis pada penelitian ini. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan pelaksanaan Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) pada bayi BBLR yaitu terdapat durasi waktu pelaksanaan KMC yaitu rata-rata 65menit, mayoritas ibu yang melaksanakan, dilakukan di Rumah Sakit setelah bayi lahir dan dengan cara SOP KMC yang benar sesuai prosedur RS masing-masing. Dapat di simpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) yang dilakukan dapat meningkatkan berat badan pada bayi BBLR, suhu tubuh normal dan meningkatkan pemberian ASI atau nutrisi.Kata kunci: Bayi BBLR; Perawatan Metode Kanguru; Praktik
Penerapan Tindakan Senam Hipertensi Untuk Menurunkan Tekanan Darah Pada Pasien Lansia
Authors: Istianti I , Fijianto Dwi
Published: December 2021

AbstractHypertension in the elderly is those who experience an increase in systolic blood pressure above 140 mmHg and diastolic pressure above 90 mmHg. This paper aims to apply hypertension exercises to lower blood pressure in the elderly.Two elderly people with hypertension in Johosari Village, Kandeman, Batang were taken as the subject. The result showed both have experienced a decrease in pain and blood pressure. At the visit, a pain scale was 6, TD: 160/90 mmHg and it has decreased into 1, and TD: 120/80 mmHg at the last visit on the first case. Meanwhile, on the second case, a pain scale was 7, TD: 170/90 mmHg in the first visit and it has decreased into 1, TD: 120/90 mmHg in the last visit. Therefore, it could be concluded the exercises are effectively applied to lowe blood pressure on the elderly. And, it is expected as one of the ways to reduce blood pressure on the elderly with hypertension.Keywords: Hypertension, The elderly, Hypertension exercises

AbstrakHipertensi pada lansia adalah lansia yang mengalami peningkatan tekanan darah sistolik diatas 140 mmHg dan tekanan diastolik di atas 90 mmHg.Tindakan untuk menurunkan tekanan darah salah satunya adalah dengan senam hipertensi.Senam hipertensi mampu untuk menurunkan tekanan darah.Tujuan Karya Tulis Ilmiah ini adalah untuk mengaplikasikan tindakan senam hipertensi untuk menurunkan tekanan darah pada lansia yang mengalami hipertensi. Metode Karya Tulis Ilmiah ini adalah penerapan tindakan senam hipertensi pada lansia.Subyek studi kasus yang digunakan dua lansia yang mengalami hipertensi di desa Johosari Kecamatan Kandeman kabupaten Batang.Hasil penerapan menunjukkan selama 7 kali kunjungan dua lansia mengalami penurunan nyeri dan penurunan tekanan darah, pada kasus satu kunjungan pertama skala nyeri 6, TD: 160/90 mmHg dan kunjungan ketujuh skala nyeri menjadi 1, TD: 120/80 mmHg, sedangkan kasus dua kunjungan pertama skala nyeri 7, TD: 170/90 mmHg dan kunjungan ketujuh skala nyeri menjadi 1, TD: 120/90 mmHg.Kesimpulan dari studi kasus ini menunjukkan senam hipertensi efektif digunakan untuk menurunkan tekanan darah pada lansia.Saran dari penulis diharapkan senam hipertensi dapat dijadikan sebagai tindakan untuk menurunkan tekanan darah pada lansia hipertensi.Kata kunci: Hipertensi, lansia, senam hipertensi
Penerapan Kompres Air Hangat Untuk Menurunkan Nyeri Penderita Asam Urat Pada Lansia Di Desa Wonokerto Kulon
Authors: Janah Khaulatul , Prasojo Sigit , Sugiharto S
Published: December 2021

AbstractGout is a disease characterized by high levels of uric acid in the blood that normally is 2-7 mg/dl in men and 2-6 mg/dl in women. Consequently, uric acid was build-up in the joints and the other organs. High level of uric acid related to consuming high-purines foods. The signs and symptoms were joints sore, painful and inflammation. The purpose of this case study was to applied warm water compress to reduce pain in elderly gout patients. The cash study was used a descriptive case study method. The study subjects were two elderly patients who have uric acid above >6 mg/dl for women and >7 mg/dl for men, pain scale <4, and complaints of joint pain in the legs. The study was conducted in Wonokerto Kulon Village, Wonokerto District, Pekalongan Regency. The results showed a that uric acid levels was decreased and pain was reduced in both clients. As the conclusion, warm water compress is applicable to reduce pain among gout patients. Accordingly, warm water compress can be an alternativ non-pharmacological therapy to reduce pain in gout patients.Keywords: Gout, Elderly, Warm Water Compress

AbstrakAsam urat adalah penyakit kadar asam urat yang tinggi di dalam darah melebihi batas normal menyebabkan penumpukan asam urat di dalam persendian dan organ tubuh lainnya penumpukan yang disebabkan karena terlalu banyak mengkonsumsi makanan tinggi purin dan membuat sendi sakit, nyeri dan meradang dengan nilai normal pada laki-laki 2-7 mg/dl dan pada wanita 2-6 mg/dl. Tujuan dari studi kasus ini adalah untuk mengaplikasikan tindakan kompres air hangat untuk menurunkan nyeri penderita asam urat pada lansia. Rancangan Karya Tulis Ilmiah ini menggunakan metode studi kasus deskriptif dengan subyek dua klien asam urat yang mengalami asam urat diatas >6 mg/dl untuk wanita dan >7 mg/dl untuk laki-laki dengan skala nyeri <4 dengan keluhan nyeri sendi pada kaki di desa Wonokerto Kulon Kecamatan Wonokerto Kabupaten Pekalongan. Hasil studi ini menunjukan adanya penurunan asam urat dan menyatakan nyeri berkurang pada kedua klien. Simpulan studi kasus ini menunjukan bahwa Terapi Kompres Air Hangat mampu menurunkan nyeri pada penderita asam urat. Untuk itu perawat diharapkan dapat memberikan tindakan terapi nonfarmakologis untuk menurunkan nyeri yang berupa Terapi Kompres Air Hangat pada penderita asam urat.Kata kunci:Asam Urat, Lansia, Kompres Air Hangat
Literature Review : Pengaruh Terapi Distraksi Musik Klasik Terhadap Intensitas Nyeri Pada Pasien Post Operasi Hernia
Authors: Ifa Mifta Hidayatul , Wirotomo Tri Sakti
Published: December 2021

AbstractHernia is the expulsion Of body contents through the weakest part Of a Wall Of the abdominal cavity. Handling is done by surgery. The surgical procedures will cause pain. One of the non-pharmacological therapies to treat pain in post-hernia surgery patients is classical music distraction therapy. This study aims to describe the effect of classical music distraction therapy on reducing pain intensity in post hernia surgery patients. The design of this scientific paper used a literature review with a total of 3 articies taken from the Googie Scholar page with the keywords a pain, post hemia surgery, classical music therapy" in the form of full-text articles published in 2014-2018. The results showed that the average value before being given therapy was 5.11 and after being given therapy, the average pain was 3.11 with a p-value <0.05. Therefore it can be concluded that there is an effect of giving classical music distraction techniques to reducing pain intensitu in post hernia surgery patients. This result can be used as a consideration for nurses to apply classical music distraction therapy to reduce pain in post hernia surgery patients.Keywords: Pain; Post Hernia Surgery; Classical Music Therapy

AbstrakHernia yaitu keluarnya isi tubuh melewati bagian terlemah dari suatu dinding rongga perut. Penanganan yang dilakukan yaitu dengan pembedahan, dan prosedur pembedahan akan menimbulkan rasa nyeri. Salah satu terapi non farmakologi untuk mengatasi nyeri pada pasien post operasi hernia adalah terapi distraksi music klasik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan pengaruh terapi distraksi musik klasik terhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri pada pasien post operasi hernia. Desain karya tulis ilmiah ini menggunakan literature review dengan jumlah 3 artikel yang diambil dari laman google scholar dengan kata kunci “nyeri, post operasi hernia, terapi musik klasik” berupa artikel fulltex dengan tahun terbit 2014-2018. Hasil analisa dari literature review 3 artikel didapatkan nilai rata-rata sebelum diberikan terapi adalah 5,11 dan setelah diberikan terapi rata-rata nyeri menjadi 3,11 dengan p-value <0,05. Simpulan dari literature review ini yaitu terdapat pengaruh pemberian teknik distraksi music klasik terhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri pada pasien post operasi hernia. Saran bagi perawat dapat menerapkan terapi distraksi musik klasik untuk menurunkan nyeripasien post operasi hernia.Kata kunci: : Nyeri; Post Operasi Hernia; Terapi Musik Klasik
Literatur Review : Penerapan Teknik Relaksasi Genggam Jari Untuk Menurunkan Intensitas Nyeri Pada Pasien Pasca Operasi
Authors: Puspita Dewi Firda Nur Ayu , Fajriah Nuniek Nizmah
Published: December 2021

AbstractPostoperative is a time since patient entered the recorvery room until the follow-up evaluation in the treatment room. Pain is the most chief complaint experienced by postoperative patiens. One of the non-pharmacological pain management is grip finger relaxation therapy. The study purpose was to describe the application of grip finger relaxation techniques to reduce pain in postoperative patients. The study was done by researched articles related to the intervention. The result showed that the pain decreased in the experiment and control groups was 2.44 and 3.2 respectively. By using the Paired T-test, the result shows there was a significant decreased of pain among experiment group (p-value0.000). As the conclusion, the grip finger relaxation technique is effective for reducing pain in postoperative patiens. As the suggestion, nurses can be taught to postoperative patients to reduce pain.Keywords: Pain; Postoperative; Grip finger relaxation

AbstrakPasca Operasi yaitu massa dimana pasien mulai memasuki ruang pemulihan sampai evaluasi tindak lanjut diruang perawatan. Pasien pasca operasi pasti akan merasakan nyeri. Menejemen nyeri non farmakologis yang dapat mengatasi nyeri yaitu terapi relaksasi genggam jari. Tujuan karya tulis ilmiah ini yaitu untuk mengetahui gambaran mengenai penerapan teknik relaksasi genggam jari terhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri pasca operasi. Metode dilakukan dengan mencari beberapa jurnal penelitian tentang penerapan teknik relaksasi genggam jari terhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri post operasi. Hasil yang didapatkan setelah diberikan pada kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol memiliki rata-rata 2.44 dan 3.2, nilai Pvalue 0.000, 0.003 dengan P = <0.005 menggunakan alat uji Pairet T test. Simpulan karya tulis ilmiah ini yaitu teknik relaksasi genggam jari efektif untuk menurunkan nyeri pada pasien pasca operasi. Saran bagi perawat sekiranya bisa diajarkan kepada pasien pasca operasi untuk mengurangi nyeri.Kata kunci: Nyeri; Pasca operasi; Relaksasi genggam jari
Uji Aktivitas Antikolesterol Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jambu Air(Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.)Alston) SecaraIn Vitro
Authors: Noviani Miranda , Slamet S , Wirasti W , Waznah Urmatul
Published: December 2021

AbstractCholesterol is a natural substance that has physical properties similar to fat but has the formula steroids. Cholesterol belongs to the non-hydrolyzed lipid group and is the main sterol in body tissues. When cholesterol levels increase, it can cause blockages in blood vessels. Several studies have explained that one of the compounds that can reduce cholesterol is flavonoid compounds, one of the plants containing flavonoid compounds is guava leaf (Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.) Alston). The purpose of this study was to determine the activity and percent reduction in cholesterol levels and the EC50 value of the ethanol extract of guava leaves (Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.) Alston) in vitro using UV-Vis spectrophotometry with a wavelength of 665 nm. Anticholesterol activity analysis was carried out using Lieberman-Burchard reagent with a test solution series of 150; 300; 450; 600; and 750 ppm. The results showed that the greater the concentration, the lower the absorbance produced and the higher the percent reduction in cholesterol levels. At a concentration of 750 ppm cholesterol decreased by 58.74%. And the obtained EC50 value of 462 ppm, which means at that concentration the ethanol extract of guava leaves (Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.) Alston) can reduce 50% of the initial cholesterol.Keywords:Cholesterol, Guava leaf, In Vitro, Spectrophotometry UV-Vis, Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.)Alston.

AbstrakKolesterol merupakan suatu zat alami yang memiliki sifat fisik hampir sama dengan lemak tetapi memiliki rumus steroida. Kolesterol adalah sterol utama yang ada pada jaringan tubuh dan termasuk dalam golongan lipid yang tidak terhidrolisis. Apabila kadar kolesterol mengalami kenaikan, dapat menyebabkan penyumbatan pada pembuluh darah. Dari beberapa penelitian dijelaskan bahwa salah satu senyawa yang dapat menurunkan kolesterol adalah flavonoid, salah satu tanaman yang mengandung senyawa flavonoid adalah daun jambu air (Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.)Alston). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas dan persen penurunan kadar kolesterol serta nilai EC50 dari ekstrak etanol daun jambu air (Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.)Alston) secara in vitro menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis dengan panjang gelombang 665 nm. Analisis aktivitas antikolesterol dilakukan dengan menggunakan pereaksi Lieberman-Burchard dengan seri larutan sampeli 150; 300; 450; 600; dan 750 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semakin besar konsentrasi, absorbansi yang dihasilkan adalah semakin rendah dan persen penurunan kadar kolesterolnya semakin tinggi. Pada konsentrasi 750 ppm terjadi penurunan kolesterol sebesar 58,74%. Dan diperoleh nilai EC50 sebesar 462 ppm yang artinya pada konsentrasi tersebut ekstrak etanol daun jambu air (Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.)Alston) dapat menurunkan 50% dari kolesterol awal.Kata kunci: Daun jambu air;Kolesterol;In Vitro;Spektrofotometri UV-Vis;Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.)Alston
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Sediaan Masker Hidrogel Ekstrak Etanol Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis) Dengan Metode BCB
Authors: Septiani Asri , Wirasti W , Slamet S , Waznah Urmatul
Published: December 2021

AbstractGreen tea is a plant that contains antioxidants. The content of green tea compounds that act as antioxidants are polyphenols. The addition of natural antioxidants in hydrogel masks has the potential as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of the hydrogel mask preparation of green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) ethanol extract. The method of determining antioxidant activity was carried out by the -Carotene Bleaching (BCB) method. The stability test of the preparation using the cycling test method was carried out for 6 cycles including organoleptic, viscosity, pH, homogeneity tests. The data obtained from the antioxidant activity test is the IC50 value. The IC50 results of the green tea ethanol extract were 27,162 ppm, while the IC50 values for the formulations 1, 2 and 3 were 40,893 ppm, respectively; 35,348 ppm; and 32,270 ppm. The results of the stability test showed that the preparation was stable from the parameters of viscosity, pH and homogeneity but not stable from the organoleptic parameters because there was a color change in the preparation containing the extract after the cycling test process. In conclusion, both extracts and hydrogel mask preparations contain high antioxidants with relatively stable dosage forms.Keywords: Green Tea, Antioxidants, Hydrogel Mask, -Carotene Bleaching (BCB), IC50.

AbstrakTeh hijau merupakan salah satu tanaman yang mengandung antioksidan. Kandungan senyawa teh hijau yang berperan sebagai antioksidan adalah polifenol. Penambahan antioksidan alami pada masker hidrogel berpotensi sebagai alternatif pengganti antioksidan sintetis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan sediaan masker hidrogel ekstrak etanol teh hijau (Camellia sinensis L.). Metode penentuan aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode β-Carotene Bleaching (BCB). Pengujian stabilitas sediaan dengan metode cycling test dilakukan sebanyak 6 siklus meliputi uji organoleptik, viskositas, pH, homogenitas. Data yang diperoleh dari uji aktivitas antioksidan berupa nilai IC50. Hasil IC50 ekstrak etanol teh hijau sebesar 27,162 ppm, sedangkan pada sediaan menunjukan nilai IC50 berturut-turut dari formulasi 1, 2 dan 3 sebesar 40,893 ppm; 35,348 ppm; dan 32,270 ppm. Hasil uji stabilitas menunjukkan sediaan stabil dari parameter viskositas, pH dan homogenitas tetapi tidak stabil dari parameter organoleptik karena terjadi perubahan warna pada sediaan yang mengandung ekstrak setelah proses cycling test. Kesimpulannya ekstrak maupun sediaan masker hidrogel mengandung antioksidan tinggi dengan bentuk sediaan relatif stabil.Kata kunci:Teh Hijau; Antioksidan; Masker Hidrogel; β-Carotene Bleaching (BCB);IC50.
Literature Review: Pengaruh Latihan Rom (Range Of Motion) Terhadap Peningkatan Kekuatan Otot Pada Pasien Stroke
Authors: Nofitasari Indah , Sulistyanto Benny Arief
Published: December 2021

AbstractMuscle weakenss is the biggest impact on stroke patients, so that Range Of Motion (ROM) exercises are needed to maintain muscle strength and join mobility. The incidence of stroke and disability tends to increase if Range Of Motion (ROM) exercises are not carried out. This is due to a decrease in muscle strength. The purpose of this study was to describe the effect of Range Of Motion therapy on improving motor function in stroke patients. The method was literature review used the keywords “stroke”, “Range Of Motion(ROM)”, “Muscle strength”. The study was conducted by searching for serval articles from a predetermined database, namely the last 10 years. The three articles showed the strength of the muscle scale, after being given the Range Of Motion (ROM) intervention. The t-test of statistic test shows p valued <0,01 wich means there was a effect. It can be concluded there is the effect of Range Of Motion (ROM)training on muscle strength in stroke patients. Therefore, it is expected for the health workers, especially nurses to be able to apply ROM intervention more intensively in stroke patients as an additional therapy.Keywords: Stroke, Range Of Motion (ROM), Muscle strength

AbstrakKelemahan otot merupakan dampak terbesar pada pasien stroke, untuk itu diperlukan latiham Range Of Motion (ROM) bertujuan untuk mempertahankan atau memelihara kekuatan otot, mobilitas persendian. Peningkatan angka kejadian stroke dan kecacatan tersebut apabila latiham Range Of Motion (ROM) tidak dilaksanakan maka akan terjadi penurunan kekuatan otot.Tujuan dari Karya Tulis Ilmiah ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana gambaran pengaruh terapi ROM terhadap peningkatan fungsi motorik pada pasien stroke. Metode yang dilakukan adalah Literature Review dengan menggunakan kata kunci “Stroke”, “Range Of Motion (ROM)”, “kekuatan otot”. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara mencari beberapa artikel dari database yang telah ditentukan yaitu 10 tahun terakhir. Pada ketiga artikel menunjukkan kekuatan skala otot, setelah diberikan intervensi Range Of Motion (ROM). Uji statistik t-test menunjukkan p value < 001 menyatakan ada pengaruh. Kesimpulan Karya Tulis Ilmiah ini terdapat pengaruh latihan Range Of Motion (ROM) terhadap kekuatan otot pada pasien stroke, sehingga sangat di harapkan agar tenaga kesehatan khususnya perawat dapat lebih intensif memberikan intervensi ROM pada pasien stroke sebagai terapi tambahan untuk pasien stroke.Kata kunci:Stroke, Range Of Motion (ROM), kekuatan otot
LiteratureReview : Pengaruh Senam Yoga Terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan Ibu Hamil Dalam Menghadapi Persalinan
Authors: Fitriya Astri , Nurlaela Emi
Published: December 2021

AbstractOne of the ways to reduce anxiety during pregnancy is by doing yoga exercise. It is a recommended method of physical exercise because it is cheap, easy to operate, and beneficial for physical and mental health so that mothers can accept the physiological changes during pregnancy and childbirth. This study aimed to examine the effect of the exercise on the anxiety level of pregnant women in facing their childbirth. To be known, it is a literature review. HARS (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale) was appliied as the questionnaires in the articles. The process of collecting data was conducted by searching Google Scholar, it obtained 5 articless published during 2011-2021. Besides, JBI critical appraisal checklist for quasi-experimental was used as critically reviewed instruments.Based on the reviewing literatures from 5 articles, it showed the yoga exercise has an effect on reducing anxiety level of pregnant women in facing childbirth, with the result of p value was <0,05. A yoga exercise is one of some physical exercises which be able to reduce anxiety of pregnant women.Keywords : anxiety,yoga exercise, childbirth

AbstrakLatihan fisik terbukti dapat mengurangi kecemasan selama kehamilan. Latihan yoga adalah metode latihan fisik yang direkomendasikan karena murah, mudah dioperasikan, dan bermanfaat bagi kesehatan fisik dan mental sehingga ibu dapat menerima perubahan fisiologis selama masa kehamilan dan persalinan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh senam yoga terhadap tingkat kecemasan ibu hamil dalam menghadapi persalinan melalui literature review. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review. Adapun kuesioner yang dipergunakan didalam artikel menggunakan kuesioner HARS (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale). Mengakses database menggunakan Google Scholar 5 artikel yang dipublish pada tahun 2011-2021. Instrumen telaah kritis yang digunakan yaitu dengan menggunakan JBI critical appraisal checklist for quasi-eksperimental. Hasil literature review dari 5 artikel menunjukkan bahwa senam yoga berpengaruh terhadap kecemasan pada ibu hamil dalam menghadapi persalinan dengan hasil p value < 0,05. Senam yoga merupakan salah satu latihan fisik yang dapat mengatasi kecemasan pada ibu hamil. Kata Kunci : Kecemasan, Senam Yoga, Persalinan
Journal of a Passage from the Pacific to the Atlantic (Cap. VIII) (1829)
Authors: Maw Henry Lister , Santos Tatiana de Lima Pedrosa , Medeiros Samuel Lucena de , Costa Walter Carlos
Published: December 2021

Journal of a Passage from the Pacific to the Atlantic (Cap. VIII) (1829) de Henry Lister Maw
Introducción histórica y algunas ilustraciones (Capítulos VIII e XI)
Authors: Medina José Toribio , Cesco Andréa , Bezerra Mara Gonzalez
Published: December 2021

“Introdução histórica e ilustrações” de José Toribio Medina (capítulos VIII e XI)
Die Indianerstämme am mittleren Xingu: im besonderen die Chipaya und Curuaya
Authors: Snethlage Emilie , Rohr Cilene Trindade , Branco Rosanne Castelo
Published: December 2021

As etniasindígenas do Médio Xingu: em especiala Xipaya e a Curuaya.
The Inter-American Rule of Law in South American constitutionalism
Authors: Cyrillo Carolina , Fuentes-Contreras Édgar Hérnan , Legale Siddharta
Published: December 2021

The objective of this text is to present the modification of the conception of Rule of Law in the South America constitutionalism, from the dialogue and synergy between the Inter-American System of Human Rights and the new constitutions that emerged after dictatorships, authoritarian regimes, and internal wars, taking Operation Condor as a clandestine inter-American system or as unconventional status quo. We problematize how it is possible to speak of "Inter-American Rule of Law", which means the reconstruction of that State compatible with the ACHR in the Legislative, Executive and Judiciary spheres, as well the conventionality control and the standards emanating from the IACourtHR to laws, public policies, and national court decisions. Therefore, we defend the thesis that this dialogue can be the key to access the engine room of the constitutions, with the pro persona principle. The methodology used was a theoretical and normative approach, from a hypothetical deductive perspective and prioritizing as sources the bibliography and the caselaw of the IACourtHR.
ESTRUTURAS PRODUTIVAS NA UNIDADE DE PLANEJAMENTO E GERENCIAMENTO IVINHEMA (MATO GROSSO DO SUL)
Authors: SILVEIRA Giovane Silveira da , LAMOSO Lisandra Pereira
Published: December 2021

As medidas locacionais possibilitam a identificação de padrões de concentração ou dispersão espacial do emprego setorial em um dado período, permitindo qualificar as transformações no emprego de mão de obra formal na região elencada, oferecendo instrumento para políticas públicas e compreensão das estruturas produtivas regionais. Este texto aplica medidas locacionais para o reconhecimento das estruturas produtivas na Unidade de Planejamento e Gerenciamento Ivinhema, no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. A pesquisa apontou as vantagens comparativas na produção de commodities e como a utilização dos recursos naturais tem se combinado com políticas públicas de investimento e gerado uma densificação técnica do território, com expansão das estruturas produtivas e inserção no mercado internacional.
A ROTA DO INDIVÍDUO: PENSAMENTO GEOGRÁFICO E GEOGRAFIA DA CIÊNCIA NO PERCURSO DE PERSONAGENS "ANÔNIMOS"
Authors: REIS JÚNIOR Dante Flávio da Costa
Published: December 2021

Neste artigo, centrado numa estada científica na cidade francesa de Montpellier, radiografamos a trajetória intelectual de um geógrafo. A intenção é demonstrar ser possível identificarmos tópicos epistemológicos-chave (que denominaremos “universais”) na biografia profissional de personagens que, a princípio, poderíamos entender como sem status de protagonistas (isto é, merecedores de constar em manuais historiográficos). A utilidade deste exercício - já percebida nos estudos filosóficos e sociológicos de outras ciências -, reside no fato de, a partir dele, estimularmos um ângulo de abordagem que ainda não se encontra formalmente estabelecido no âmbito da história do pensamento geográfico. Aqui, devotamos especial atenção ao interessante percurso do personagem Gilbert David, geógrafo do IRD, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement. Por esta ênfase em sua rota, testamos um protótipo para estudos híbridos sobre “história local da ciência” (ou simplesmente “geografia da ciência”) e sobre “personagens” desta mesma ciência.
A EVOLUÇÃO DA AGROINDÚSTRIA EM UBERLÂNDIA (MG) / 1970-2014: ESPECIALIZAÇÃO E EXPANSÃO DAS INDÚSTRIAS PROCESSADORAS DE SOJA, CARNES E COUROS
Authors: OLIVEIRA Denise Leonardo Custodio Machado de , SELINGARDI-SAMPAIO Silvia
Published: December 2021

Neste artigo, analisa-se a evolução e a especialização da agroindústria em Uberlândia (MG). A atividade agroindustrial, surgida em fins do século XIX, conheceu, no período pós-1970, intensos processos de expansão e especialização, haja vista os investimentos que o citado município passou a receber de grupos empresariais vinculados ao processamento de soja, carnes e couros. O destaque destas empresas, de capitais nacionais e internacionais, se deve ao fato de controlarem grandes unidades industriais pertencentes a ramos vinculados ao agronegócio, responsável pela grande projeção assumida pelo Brasil, desde a década de 2000, no mercado global de commodities.
FEDERALISMO E FINANÇAS MUNICIPAIS NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE ESPACIAL
Authors: REIS Geraldo Antônio dos , ABREU João Francisco de
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo proceder à análise espacial das receitas dos Municípios, bem como das relações intergovernamentais, com o propósito de avaliar as grandes assimetrias que definem o federalismo brasileiro. Para tanto, foram utilizados os meios proporcionados pela Geografia Quantitativa, especialmente nas suas interfaces com outras ciências, como a Economia. quando foram constatadas ocorrências de padrões de associação espacial para dados utilizados (2000-2015), através do Índice Global de Moran I e e do Índice Getis-Ord.
ORGANIZAÇÃO DO ESPAÇO PELA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR: UM OLHAR MULTIFUNCIONAL SOBRE AS DINÂMICAS DO ASSENTAMENTO RURAL HORTO DE CAMAQUÃ - IPEÚNA/SP
Authors: OLIVEIRA Murilo Henrique Rodrigues  de , FERREIRA Darlene  Aparecida  de  Oliveira
Published: December 2021

O presente texto objetiva caracterizar as formas de organização social, econômica, cultural e natural do Assentamento Rural Horto de Camaquã, localizado no município de Ipeúna-SP. A análise de 38 lotes a luz da noção de multifuncionalidade possibilitou entender os preceitos e formas de atuação do assentado ativo, participante e colaborativo de práticas sociais, culturais, ambientais e econômicas de ajustamento coletivo e comunitário. Contudo, a partir deste trabalho foi possível qualificar positivamente a organização desta forma espacial a partir de uma lógica interna, ao defini-lo pela presença e não pela falta.
DINÂMICAS TERRITORIAIS E DESENVOLVIMENTO BRASILEIRO EM QUESTÃO
Authors: PAULINO Eliane Tomiasi
Published: December 2021

O objetivo do texto é refletir sobre as dinâmicas territoriais em curso no Brasil a partir de um diálogo capaz de iluminar a problemática da colonialidade desde a América Latina, região onde a concentração da terra e da riqueza é a maior do planeta, tanto quanto a violência que é, dialeticamente, resultado das desigualdades sociais. Para compreendê-las, parte-se do conceito que orienta os debates sobre o devir dentro e fora da academia: o desenvolvimento. Desnudar sua polissemia, expressa na confusão com crescimento econômico, impõe a necessidade de correlações com as contradições de classes e com a alienação sustentada pela ideologia. No plano das representações, pode-se perceber como a expressão é esvaziada do rigor conceitual que lhe corresponde, reaparecendo como estratégia para a criminalização radical das lutas contra hegemônicas, canalizando a polarização que se traduz numa marcha persecutória contra todos com eventual poder de expor o consenso demolidor do Estado de Direito. A progressão do obscurantismo alicerçado no manejo competente da engenharia linguística é posicionada no contexto de algumas dinâmicas donde conclui-se que a voracidade de classe na apropriação dos ativos e na socialização dos passivos territoriais aponta para um impasse civilizacional sem precedentes, particularmente no Brasil.
METRÓPOLE E FANTASMAGORIA
Authors: GODOY Paulo Roberto Teixeira
Published: December 2021

A intenção principal deste artigo consiste em apresentar a metrópole e suas fantasmagorias como meio de reafirmar a contribuição da teoria marxiana do valor e do fetichismo, desenvolvidas por Karl Marx e Walter Benjamin, para a investigação do processo de valorização capitalista do espaço-mercadoria em sua expressão real e contraditória que é a metrópole capitalista. O objetivo, portanto, está em elucidar as determinações sociais e históricas de sua existência em um modo específico de produção e reprodução social.
VARIAÇÃO ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DA OCORRÊNCIA DO FOGO NOS BIOMAS BRASILEIROS COM BASE NA ANÁLISE DE PRODUTOS DE SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO
Authors: ALVES Daniel Borini , ALVARADO Swanni T.
Published: December 2021

O estudo das relações entre o fogo e a dinâmica das paisagens brasileiras resulta fundamental para uma melhor compreensão dos processos ecológicos e dos impactos humanos incidentes sobre a dinâmica da paisagem. O presente artigo busca explorar a dinâmica de variação espaço-temporal de ocorrência de queimadas nos biomas brasileiros nos últimos 18 anos (2001-2018), com base no produto MCD64A1 v006 de área queimada e a base de dados de uso e cobertura da terra do projeto Mapbiomas. O Cerrado apresentou 62,2% do total queimado registrado no período analisado, seguido do bioma Amazônia, com 23,5%. Pampa, Mata Atlântica e Amazônia apresentaram uma incidência de queimadas superior a ≈50% em áreas com usos da terra agropastoris, enquanto nos biomas Cerrado, Caatinga e Pantanal as queimadas ocorreram principalmente sobre áreas de formação vegetal natural. Comprova-se o potencial de combinação de uso de produtos derivados de sensoriamento remoto para análise dos padrões de áreas queimadas, gerando-se relevantes informações a respeito das influências antrópicas na alteração dos regimes de fogo.
GEOGRAFIA E A EXPERIÊNCIA DO MUNDO
Authors: NOGUEIRA Amélia Regina Batista
Published: December 2021

Geografia e a experiência do mundo é um breve ensaio para continuar o dialogo com aqueles que pensam construir uma ciência geográfica em que o universo do conhecimento vivido, produzido pelos homens e mulheres que experienciam os lugares e as paisagens, possam ser valorizados e reconhecidos como conhecimento que mostra o mundo tal qual ele é. Nossas descrições, reflexões e representações nada perdem ao deixar fluir uma narrativa sobre os lugares e as paisagens por quem a experiência, assim como nossos mapas, poderia repensar sua escala, partir da escala que representa a vida cotidiana, pois nela tem histórias, tem elementos simbólicos, paisagens visíveis e invisíveis. É a partir dessas proposições que o texto se propõe a dialogar.
DISCUSSÃO SOBRE AS DIFERENTES ABORDAGENS TEÓRICAS PARA O ESTUDO DAS MIGRAÇÕES E DA MOBILIDADE DO TRABALHO
Authors: ISMAEL Vinicius de Paula
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo busca trazer uma evaluação a respeito das diferentes concepções teóricas que são assumidas pelos estudos sobre o fenômeno migratório, tendo como fio condutor o desenvolvimento do conceito de mobilidade do trabalho, que é historicamente alinhado ao desenvolvimento do pensamento econômico. Deste modo, dividimos nosso estudo em três tópicos, os quais tratam sobre três distintas abordagens sobre as migrações. Inicialmente analisamos as abordagens clássicas e neoclássicas, que se baseiam na escola econômica do liberalismo e sobretudo em Adam Smith e David Ricardo. No segundo tópico, nosso enfoque se faz  sobre a abordagem histórico-estrutural e seus avanços em relação ao postulado anterior. Já no terceiro tópico, tratamos sobre a abordagem da mobilidade do trabalho, calcada na análise marxista do modo de produção capitalista e abordada principalmente por Jean-Paul de Gaudemar. Por fim, trazemos algumas reflexões a respeito das abordagens mais recentes sobre as migrações no capitalismo contemporâneo e o papel da geografia nesse panorama.
UM ELO ENTRE VIVOS E MORTOS - OS SÍMBOLOS E RITOS NOS CEMITÉRIOS DE SERROLÂNDIA
Authors: SALDANHA Bruna Cordeiro
Published: December 2021

Diante da necessidade de compreensão sobre a morte - fenômeno inerente à vida - este trabalho tem o objetivo de discutir os elementos que representam as manifestações culturais e religiosas a partir dos campos fúnebres em Serrolândia-BA, cidade composta por três cemitérios, sendo dois públicos municipais e um protestante, privativo. A pesquisa é parte dos resultados do trabalho de dissertação de mestrado e discute as diferentes linguagens contidas nos ambientes fúnebres a partir da cultura e religiosidade social, uma vez que as representações culturais presentes nas necrópoles refletem por um lado, os modos de viver das pessoas, e por outro, a interpretação que determinados indivíduos têm sobre a morte. Assim, busca-se traçar um elo entre o mundo dos vivos com o mundo dos mortos, a fim de entender e apresentar os elementos contextuais das constituições tumulares, os seus componentes simbólicos e materiais, as expressões culturais e as manifestações sociais a partir do campo religioso, com o intuito de demonstrar as características específicas dos cemitérios enquanto componentes de manifestação das crenças, culturas e religiosidade que compõem a sociedade.
Ways of Unworlding: Against Aesthetic Inferentialism
Authors: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture Identities , Roden David
Published: December 2021

I consider and support two claims about aesthetic experience: 1) that it involves encounters with a reality that is not conceptualized via such encounters; 2) that it can generate ruptures in established norms or in the production of shared worlds. This thesis is developed in the teeth of contemporary rationalist inhumanisms that draw on Nelson Goodman’s cognitivist aesthetics and his irrealist account of ‘worldmaking’ to translate the logical insights of inferentialism (or conceptual role semantics) into an aesthetics oriented towards concept-laden practices and their revision through the techniques of experimental art. I employ Derrida’s iterability argument to show that inferentialism presupposes a realist metaphysics that treats repetition and event individuation as independent of constitutive rules, conceptual schemes or ‘world versions’; indicating one way in which aesthetic material remains outside of, even recalcitrant to, the conceptual order. The aesthetic implications of this metaphysics of undecidable events are further explored by considering Jean-Pierre Caron’s recent discussion of Henry Flynt’s idea of ‘constitutive dissociations’ and, finally, the concept as, ambivalently, victim or suicide in the experimental horror of Gary Shipley’s novel Warewolff! and my own Snuff Memories.
ANÁLISE DO EFEITO BACTERIOSTÁTICO DE SEMENTES DE MORINGA FRENTE A ESCHERICHIA COLI
Authors: Figueiredo Maria Thalillian Santos , Santos Maria Hilma dos , Silva Dayane Kelly da , Oliveira Thaisy Lúcia Ribeiro , Neto Abel Barbosa Lira
Published: December 2021

Introdução: Estudos das propriedades da Moringa oleifera revelaram que a planta é rica em compostos bioativos relevantes, possuindo atividade antioxidante, anti-inflamatória e antibacteriana. Bactérias patogênicas como a Escherichia coli (EPEC) são uma das principais responsáveis por infecções alimentares e urinárias. Objetivos: analisar se o extrato aquoso obtido a partir de sementes de moringa é capaz de ter ação bacteriostática frente a bactéria gram-negativa Escherichia coli. Material e métodos: A partir do pó de semente de moringa, foi realizada a pesagem de 1g do mesmo diluído em 10ml de água destilada que foi filtrada em seguida. A partir desse extrato aquoso inicial, realizou-se diluições para adquirir as concentrações de 5%, 10% e 15% de moringa. A cepa microbiológica utilizada foi a Escherichia coli EPEC codificada: IOC 011ab CDC. Para análise do efeito antibacteriano, realizou-se o Teste de Suscetibilidade aos Antimicrobianos por meio da técnica disco-difusão. Para execução do mesmo os discos foram embebidos com 20 uL do extrato de moringa e posicionado em placa de petri contendo ágar Mueller Hinton já semeada com a bactéria. Além dos discos contendo o extrato, posicionou-se discos de antibióticos para análise comparativa. Todos os testes foram executados em triplicata e após o período de incubação (24h na estufa bacteriológica a 37 ºC), os halos de inibição formados ao redor dos discos foram medidos com halômetro e os dados obtidos a partir da média dos halos de cada triplicata tabelados em planilha do Excel. Resultados: As médias dos halos corresponderam a 10mm na diluição de 5%; 10,66mm na diluição de 10% e 0mm na diluição a 15%. E para o controle positivo utilizado (Gentamicina), apresentou halo de 24mm. Conclusão: O extrato aquoso de moringa mostrou um potencial efeito bacteriostático frente a Escherichia coli, apresentando melhores resultados na diluição a 10%.
Empirical results for expected credit losses of G-SIBs during COVID-19. The proof of the pudding is in the eating
Authors: Brouwer Tristan , Huttenhuis Job , ter Hoeven Ralph
Published: December 2021

This study examines the provision for credit losses and its disclosures for Global Systemically Important Banks (G-SIBs) in connection to the COVID-19 crisis. We find a profound difference in the increase of the provision for credit losses between banks that report under IFRS and US GAAP. For banks that report under US GAAP, the provision for credit losses more than doubles, while it increases by only 32 percent for banks that report under IFRS. This difference becomes even more striking when considering that the increase for IFRS-reporting banks is partly attributable to increased lending activities. This study further finds that European auditors are more likely to issue a Key Audit Matter (KAM), than auditors of US banks, and that these KAMs specifically relate to COVID-19 in the financial year 2020. Furthermore, IFRS-reporting banks disclose more information on expected credit losses than banks that report under US GAAP. Moreover, we find that European banks disclose relatively more information regarding the impact of COVID-19 than banks reporting under US GAAP.
Erste vegane Flüssigei-Produkte stehen vor Markteinführung
Authors: Kemle Jens
Published: December 2021

Die beiden deutschen Startups Plant B und Lovely Day Foods wollen Anfang 2022 pflanzliche Flüssigei-Alternativen in den Handel bringen. Die beiden Pioniere sind nicht die einzigen, die auf das Zukunftsgeschäft lauern.
Nestlé setzt bei Kapseln auf neue Preiskategorie
Authors: Sachsenröder Delphine
Published: December 2021

Nestlé will sich mit einer neuen Marke auf dem Markt für Kaffeekapseln behaupten. Nescafé Farmers Origins passt in Nespresso-Maschinen, kostet aber weniger als Nestlés ebenfalls im Handel vertriebene Starbucks-Kapseln. Von den Preisen der Billig-Anbieter bleibt der Konzern weit entfernt.
Gericht urteilt zu EU-Herkunftssiegel
Authors: Falker Gerrit-Milena
Published: December 2021

Das EU-Gericht hat in seinem „Kürbiskernöl“-Urteil keine abschließende Entscheidung zur Markenschutzfähigkeit von EU-Herkunftssiegeln getroffen.
Klöckners Druckfarben- verordnung eckt an
Authors: Falker Gerrit-Milena
Published: December 2021

Der Bundesrat hat die Druckfarbenverordnung gebilligt – und damit strengere Vorgaben für den Farbeinsatz in Lebensmittelverpackungen. Bei der Wirtschaft sorgt das für Kopfschütteln.
Gemischte Gefühle
Authors: Hanke Gerd , Mende Jan , Himberg Mathias , Shinde Sonia
Published: December 2021

Corona überstrahlt das politische und gesellschaftliche Leben. Abseits davon lohnt sich für Handel und Industrie ein Blick in das Koalitionspapier der zukünftigen Regierung. Mindestlohn, Ernährungswende oder die Freigabe von Cannabis sind nur einige Themen, die über den Augenblick hinaus Wirkung entfalten dürften.
Grüne Mundhygiene
Authors: Morgen Elisabeth
Published: December 2021

Zahncremetuben in Faltschachteln, eingeblisterte Zahnbürsten, Mundwasser in Kunststoffflaschen – das Regal für Mundpflege ist bislang kein nachhaltiges Vorzeigesortiment. Doch auch hier grünt es. Elisabeth Morgen
Der gepflegte Mann setzt auf Nachhaltigkeit
Authors: Kühn Iki , Dover Samantha
Published: December 2021

Mit der Pandemie haben Männer ihren Fokus stärker auf persönliche und planetare Gesundheit gelegt. Sie wählen „cleane“ und in Deutschland produzierte Marken.
Raus aus der Tabuzone
Authors: Heimig Dieter
Published: December 2021

Hygieneprodukte für Männer legen überdurchschnittlich zu. Erste Alternativen zum klassischen Einwegartikel wollen nachhaltiger sein und die Produkte aus dem Tabubereich holen. Dieter Heimig
Vertrauen ist die Währung der Nachhaltigkeit
Authors: Biester Silke , Stockburger Manfred
Published: December 2021

Kürzer und kleiner – aber immerhin in Präsenz haben sich 50 Nachwuchsmanager aus der Konsumgüterbranche bei Werner & Mertz in Mainz zur Young Business Factory getroffen. Das Thema: Nachhaltigkeit.
Herausfordernde Zeiten für die Nonfood-Branche
Authors: Mahr Matthias
Published: December 2021

Zweieinhalb Jahre musste die Branche pandemiebedingt auf den Nonfood-Kongress warten. Die Veränderungen im Markt sind seither dramatisch: Der Online-Anteil bei Nonfood-Käufen wächst rasant, gleichzeitig verändert sich das Konsumverhalten deutlich.
Analyseplattform – Optimierte Begasung von Belebungsbecken
Authors: Gebhardt Jörg , Stier Matthias
Published: December 2021

Mit hohem Energieaufwand werden Belebungsbecken mit Luft begast, um den im Abwasser lebenden Mikroorganismen optimale Rahmenbedingungen für den Abbau vorhandener Verunreinigungen zu bieten. Eine optimierte Begasung bietet ein hohes Maß an Energie- und Kostenersparnis sowie verringert indirekte CO2 und direkte Treibhausgas-Emissionen.