bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Eemian/Early Vistulian development of the Solniki paleolake (north-eastern Poland) as shown by subfossil Cladocera
Authors: Niska Monika Magdalena
Published: January 2017

This work presents results of a paleolimnological study focussed on subfossil Cladocera analysis and on different aspects of the evolution of the Solniki paleolake during the Eemian/Early Vistulian period. The study aimed at the reconstruction of the long-term dynamics of this paleoecosystem and at defining the conditions (e.g., water level, trophic status and water temperature) of the ancient lake. Paleolacustrine deposits of ca. 10 m thickness were discovered at Solniki during cartographic works for the Trześcianka sheet of the Detailed Geological Map of Poland. This archives recorded one full-interglacial sequence (Eemian Interglacial), one interstadial warming (Brørup) and two stadial coolings (Herning and Rederstall) stages, which were confirmed by palynological analyses. The subfossil Cladocera fauna from the Solniki paleolake consisted in 17 species belonging to the families Bosminidae, Chydoridae, Sididae and Daphniidae. Littoral species were dominant (52%), the most frequent of which were Alona affinis and Camptocercus rectirostris. The most abundance pelagic species were Eubosmina coregoni and Bosmina longirostris. The sediment species composition was quite similar to that of contemporary Central European lakes. The early and the late stages of Eemian Interglacial were likely the most favourable periods for the Cladocera development in the paleolake, in relation to higher water level, moderate water temperature and the mesotrophic state of water. A further ecologically favourable period was the Brørup Interstadial. The highest species richness, abundance, and diversity during the whole paleolake existence were recorded during these three periods. Surprisingly, the middle of the Middle Eemian Interglacial climate optimum appeared as an unfavourable period for the Cladocera growth as it was associated with decreasing water level and pronounced climate fluctuations. This sequence was also recorded by other studies of Eemian lakes in Central Europe.
Leishmania infantum and Epstein-Barr virus Co-Infection in a Patient with Hemophagocytosis
Authors: Gaifer Zied , Boulassel Mohamed-Rachid
Published: January 2017

The authors describe a rare case of a 27-year old previously healthy male presenting with high grade fever, pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, high levels of ferritin and triglyceride, suggesting a diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) syndrome. Other investigations showed a positive Leishmania infantum serology and high Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viremia. The diagnosis of a visceral leishmaniasis was confirmed by bone morrow biopsy, which showed Leishman-Donovan bodies and evidence of HLH. The patient received liposomal amphotericin B and he had a complete resolution of his symptoms and clearance of EBV viremia. This case of HLH associated with visceral leishmaniasis and EBV co-infection raises the question about the significance of EBV in patients with HLH. The treatment of actual etiological agent can lead to complete cure while using current recommend chemotherapy for HLH-related EBV in a patient with hidden infection may have deleterious effects.
Evaluating the representation of aerosol optical properties using an online coupled model over the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Palacios-Peña Laura , Baró Rocío , Guerrero-Rascado Juan Luis , Alados-Arboledas Lucas , Brunner Dominik , Jiménez-Guerrero Pedro
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The effects of atmospheric aerosol particles on the Earth's climate mainly depend on their optical, microphysical and chemical properties, which modify the Earth's radiative budget. The aerosol radiative effects can be divided into direct and semi-direct effects, produced by the aerosol–radiation interactions (ARIs), and indirect effects, produced by aerosol–cloud interactions (ACIs). In this sense the objective of this work is to assess whether the inclusion of aerosol radiative feedbacks in the online coupled WRF-Chem model improves the modelling outputs over the Iberian Peninsula (IP) and surrounding water areas. For this purpose, the methodology is based on the evaluation of modelled aerosol optical properties under different simulation scenarios. The evaluated data come from two WRF-Chem simulations for the IP differing in the inclusion/no-inclusion of ARIs and ACIs (RF/NRF simulations). The case studies cover two episodes with different aerosol types over the IP in 2010, namely a Saharan dust outbreak and a forest fire episode. The evaluation uses observational data from AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) stations and MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) sensor, including aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Ångström exponent (AE). Experimental data of aerosol vertical distribution from the EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network) Granada station are used for checking the models. The results indicate that for the spatial distribution the best-represented variable is AOD and the largest improvements when including the aerosol radiative feedbacks are found for the vertical distribution. In the case of the dust outbreak, a slight improvement (worsening) is produced over the areas with medium (high/low) levels of AOD(−9 % / +12 % of improvement) when including the aerosol radiative feedbacks. For the wildfire episode, improvements of AOD representation (up to 11 %) over areas further away from emission sources are estimated, which compensates for the computational effort of including aerosol feedbacks in the simulations. No clear improvement is observed for the AE representation, the variability of which is largely underpredicted by both simulations.
Inter-technique validation of tropospheric slant total delays
Authors: Kačmařík Michal , Douša Jan , Dick Galina , Zus Florian , Brenot Hugues , Möller Gregor , Pottiaux Eric , Kapłon Jan , Hordyniec Pawel , Václavovic Pavel , Morel Laurent
Published: January 2017

Abstract. An extensive validation of line-of-sight tropospheric Slant Total Delays (STD) from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), ray-tracing in Numerical Weather Prediction Models (NWM) fields and microwave Water Vapour Radiometer (WVR) is presented. Ten GNSS reference stations and almost two months of data from 2013, including severe weather events, entered the comparison. Seven institutions delivered their STDs based on GNSS observations processed using five software and eleven strategies. STDs from NWM ray-tracing came from three institutions using three different NWM models. Results show generally a very good mutual agreement among all solutions from all the techniques. The mean bias (over all stations) between the GNSS solution selected as reference, which did not use post-fit residuals in STDs, and all other GNSS solutions without post-fit residuals is −0.6 mm for STDs scaled in the zenith direction, and the corresponding mean standard deviation is 3.7 mm. Standard deviations of comparisons between GNSS a NWM ray-tracing solutions are typically 10 mm ± 2 mm (scaled in the zenith direction), depending on the NWM model and the particular station considered. When comparing GNSS versus WVR STDs, standard deviations reached 12 mm ± 2 mm, as scaled in zenith direction. Moreover, the influence of adding raw GNSS post-fit residuals, as well as residuals screened out of systematic effects, to STDs was studied. It was found that adding raw post-fit residuals always led to lower quality of GNSS STDs while the situation was not that straightforward after the post-fit residuals cleaning.
Ground-based acoustic parametric generator impact on the atmosphere and ionosphere in an active experiment
Authors: Rapoport Yuriy G. , Cheremnykh Oleg K. , Koshovy Volodymyr V. , Melnik Mykola O. , Ivantyshyn Oleh L. , Nogach Roman T. , Selivanov Yuriy A. , Grimalsky Vladimir V. , Mezentsev Valentyn P. , Karataeva Larysa M. , Ivchenko Vasyl. M. , Milinevsky Gennadi P. , Fedun Viktor N. , Tkachenko Eugen N.
Published: January 2017

Abstract. We develop theoretical basics of active experiments with two beams of acoustic waves, radiated by a ground-based sound generator. These beams are transformed into atmospheric acoustic gravity waves (AGWs), which have parameters that enable them to penetrate to the altitudes of the ionospheric E and F regions where they influence the electron concentration of the ionosphere. Acoustic waves are generated by the ground-based parametric sound generator (PSG) at the two close frequencies. The main idea of the experiment is to design the output parameters of the PSG to build a cascade scheme of nonlinear wave frequency downshift transformations to provide the necessary conditions for their vertical propagation and to enable penetration to ionospheric altitudes. The PSG generates sound waves (SWs) with frequencies f1 = 600 and f2 = 625 Hz and large amplitudes (100–420 m s−1). Each of these waves is modulated with the frequency of 0.016 Hz. The novelty of the proposed analytical–numerical model is due to simultaneous accounting for nonlinearity, diffraction, losses, and dispersion and inclusion of the two-stage transformation (1) of the initial acoustic waves to the acoustic wave with the difference frequency Δf = f2 − f1 in the altitude ranges 0–0.1 km, in the strongly nonlinear regime, and (2) of the acoustic wave with the difference frequency to atmospheric acoustic gravity waves with the modulational frequency in the altitude ranges 0.1–20 km, which then reach the altitudes of the ionospheric E and F regions, in a practically linear regime. AGWs, nonlinearly transformed from the sound waves, launched by the two-frequency ground-based sound generator can increase the transparency of the ionosphere for the electromagnetic waves in HF (MHz) and VLF (kHz) ranges. The developed theoretical model can be used for interpreting an active experiment that includes the PSG impact on the atmosphere–ionosphere system, measurements of electromagnetic and acoustic fields, study of the variations in ionospheric transparency for the radio emissions from galactic radio sources, optical measurements, and the impact on atmospheric aerosols. The proposed approach can be useful for better understanding the mechanism of the acoustic channel of seismo-ionospheric coupling.
MODELOS DE ESCALA REDUZIDA UTILIZADOS NA ANÁLISE DA SUSTENTABILIDADE DE PRODUTOS
Authors: Ferroli Paulo Cesar Machado , Librelotto Lisiane Ilha , Mattana Letícia
Published: January 2017

O conceito de design é, por vezes, reescrito pelo conceito moderno dasustentabilidade. O desenvolvimento ecologicamente correto, que eraconsiderado um diferencial no final do século passado, passa a serconsiderado obrigatório. Quando o objetivo do projetista é aliar a inovaçãocom a questão ambiental, surgem dificuldades devido à complexidadedo tema. Se por um lado o design busca a satisfação do cliente e a ofertacontínua de novos produtos, por outro existe a preocupação em integraro tecnicamente possível com o ecologicamente necessário, por meio doequilíbrio sustentável dos aspectos sociais, ambientais e econômicos.A contribuição do presente trabalho está na experimentação de modelos apartir da análise da sustentabilidade. A metodologia utilizada compreendea aplicação da ferramenta ESA, em que são consideradas questões ambientais,sociais e econômicas para avaliação dos protótipos. Como resultado, temsea demonstração de uma ferramenta de análise da sustentabilidade paraaplicação em modelos volumétricos e em produtos.
Amiodarone-induced myxoedema coma as a rare differential diagnosis of consciousness disturbance
Authors: Martins Cláudio , Rosa Clara , Oliveira Ana Paula
Published: January 2017

Myxoedema coma is an uncommon and life-threatening endocrine emergency with a high mortality rate. This entity is the extreme expression of severe hypothyroidism and the cardinal features are decreased mental status and hypothermia. Diagnosis is challenging and a high index of suspicion is crucial because it allows an early recognition of this condition and prompt initiation of supportive measures along with adequate thyroid replacement therapy. Herein, we report an extremely rare case of myxoedema coma secondary to amiodarone in a 90-year-old female with no previous history of thyroid disease, which was successfully treated with thyroid hormone replacement. Although its rarity, we emphasize that myxoedema coma should be included in the differential diagnosis of consciousness disturbances, particularly in patients under amiodarone therapy.
PROBLEMY WSPOMAGANIA DECYZJI W SYSTEMACH UTRZYMANIA RUCHU
Authors: Kosicka Ewelina , Mazurkiewicz Dariusz , Gola Arkadiusz
Published: January 2017

W artykule przedstawiono problemy związane z opracowaniem modelu adaptacyjnego algorytmu wspomagania decyzji w systemie
utrzymania ruchu, który w zależności od zmieniających się parametrów procesów resztkowych, dobiera odpowiedni model matematyczny wyznaczony
przez kryteria predykcyjne i informacyjne. Proponowany model zawiera dodatkowo część decyzyjną, która na podstawie informacji skupiających się na
obszarze działań Służb Utrzymania Ruchu generuje zawężony optymalny przedział czasu, w którym konieczne jest przeprowadzenie konserwacji.
CHARAKTERYSTYKA SYSTEMU WSPOMAGANIA POZYCJONOWANIA QZSS-ZENITH
Authors: Krasuski Kamil
Published: January 2017

W artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę japońskiego systemu nawigacyjnego QZSS-Zenith do wspomagania pozycjonowania satelitarnego. Scharakteryzowano poszczególne segmenty systemu QZSS-Zenith oraz opisano również skalę czasu i układ odniesienia w systemie QZSS. W części badawczej artykułu przedstawiono rezultaty pozycjonowania satelitarnego z użyciem obserwacji GPS i QZSS.
WYDAJNOŚĆ PRACY Z BAZAMI DANYCH W APLIKACJACH JEE
Authors: Grzesińska Magdalena , Waszczyńska Magdalena , Pańczyk Beata
Published: January 2017

Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje porównanie wydajności bazodanowych aplikacji JEE z wykorzystaniem różnych interfejsów programistycznych (JDBC, Hibernate, JOOQ). Analiza porównawcza została wykonana na podstawie aplikacji testowej i odpowiednio przygotowanych scenariuszy. Porównanie zużycia pamięci oraz czasu realizacji operacji na bazie danych, zaprezentowano w postaci zestawień tabelarycznych i wykresów. We
wnioskach wskazano korzyści wynikające ze stosowania omawianych technologii i obszary ich optymalnego stosowania.
The Evolving Role of Pathology in New Developments, Classification, Terminology, and Diagnosis of Pancreatobiliary Neoplasms
Authors: Reid Michelle D. , Lewis Melinda M. , Willingham Field F. , Adsay N. Volkan
Published: January 2017

Pancreatobiliary tract lesions are increasingly being discovered because of more sensitive imaging modalities. Magnetic resonance imaging has identified incidental pancreatic cysts in 13.5% of patients of progressively increasing age. Pancreatobiliary tissue is more accessible through endoscopic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging–guided biopsy procedures, and is now an integral part of pathologists' routine practice. Accordingly, several new tumor categories have been recently recognized, including intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm, a new addition to tumoral intraepithelial neoplasms. Other entities have been reclassified, including the recent transition to 2-tiered grading of preinvasive neoplasms, as well as new perspectives on the distinctive biologic behavior of oncocytic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) compared with other IPMN subtypes. This has led to proposals for revised staging of virtually every segment of the pancreatobiliary tree, with theranostic markers becoming an integral part of workup. Ki-67 is now an integral part of the classification of neuroendocrine tumors, with new definitions of “high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma.” Although bile duct brushings have opened new avenues for diagnosis, their sensitivity remains low and often requires concomitant fluorescent in situ hybridization to better define ambiguous cases. Various molecular pathways have been elucidated for pancreatic cysts, including KRAS for ductal neoplasia, GNAS for intestinal IPMNs, RNF3 for mucinous cysts, and VHL for serous cystic neoplasms, all key players in diagnostic workup. Integration of these updates into our understanding of pancreatobiliary disease requires active engagement of pathologists for appropriate specimen triage, judicious interpretation of results, and incorporation into reporting and staging. They also provide exciting opportunities for targeted therapy.
FENOMENOLOGIA E GEOGRAFIA: TEORIAS E REFLEXÕES
Authors: Nascimento Taiane Flores do , Costa Benhur Pinós da
Published: January 2017

O artigo tem como objetivo debater a proposta fenomenológica nas pesquisas referentes à ciência geográfica, bem como discutir diferentes formas de metodologias que a geografia pode introduzir em suas análises. Procura também ressaltar conceitos relacionados as abordagens fenomenológicas, relacionando com o espaço, que é uma categoria de análise fundamental da ciência geográfica. A abordagem teórica a partir dos autores é importante, pois a interpretação conceitual é a principal base de novas formulações e reformulações das ciências. Neste sentido, sabe-se que a fenomenologia é uma tendência forte dentro da perspectiva humanista, o que justifica a relevância dessa discussão.
OS ÍNDICES DE REPRESENTAÇÃO DO RELEVO COMO SUPORTE PARA O ZONEAMENTO AMBIENTAL DE UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO – ESTUDO DE CASO DA FLORESTA NACIONAL DE IRATI
Authors: Maganhotto Ronaldo Ferreira , Lohmann Marciel , Souza Luis Cláudio de Paula , Santos Leonardo José Cordeiro
Published: January 2017

A presente pesquisa propôs a utilização dos Índices de Representação do Relevo como suporte na determinação do Zoneamento Ambiental. De posse dos índices e de uma proposta de zoneamento (baseada no uso do solo) da área, realizou-se a Tabulação Cruzada, demonstrando a (in)compatibilidade entre as Classes Limitantes (resultante dos índices) e a tipologia de atividades previstas para as Classes de Zoneamento. O cruzamento destas informações mostrou coerência, entre as atividades e grau de fragilidade nas Zonas de Uso Publico, Especial, de Conservação, de Uso Restrito e Intangível. No entanto, a retirada da cobertura vegetal, prevista para a Zona de Manejo, pode desencadear problemas erosivos, devido suas condições clinográficas e pedológicas.
Der er en verden uden for sproget. Om at sikre kvalitet i oversættelse af fagsproglige tekster
Authors: Nielsen Joel Nordborg
Published: January 2017

Translation of LSP-texts is not merely the transfer of "the meanings of a profession" but also the creation of a new text. Therefore, an important parameter is the neutrality of the translated text: It should observe norms and standards of original texts of a profession, written in the given target language. As many translations show, however, translators often seem not to be acquainted with such norms and standards, a subject which is normally not dealt with in dictionaries. Since a professional world has a restricted professional universe of discourse, being reflected in the - quite stereotype - texts of the profession (which is shown in the present paper with respect to technical texts), it should be possible for the translator trainee to learn what professional texts look like through the study of genuine texts of a profession, getting, at the same time, a certain understanding of the professional world reflected in the texts. It is suggested that, in teaching translation, the focus should at an early stage be put on texts of the target language, as this would secure the familiarity of the translator trainee with genuine structures of the target language before actually beginning the translation of source texts.
Translation and Cognitive Structures
Authors: Schmied Josef
Published: January 2017

This project is based on a corpus of English and German source and target texts, ranging from contemporary literature to scientific textbooks. We try to create a machine-readable and aligned corpus which will allow us to discover and categorize translation equivalents for a number of linguistic items, such as prepositions, subordination, deictic elements, metaphors or culture-specific structures. On this basis we look for regularities in the configuration of factors that influence equivalent choices for each of the phenomena in question. Apart from theoretical insights into contrastive language structures as well as cognitive aspects of the translation process, the purpose of the project is to discover and categorize prototye and non-prototype equivalents in two closely related languages. Research results could, for instance, be applied to bilingual lexicography or other language learning and translation aids.
Cantar espanto. Escrituras poéticas en el universo concentracionario chileno
Authors: Peris Blanes Jaume
Published: January 2017

El artículo analiza la escritura poética producida en el interior de los campos de concentración chilenos, en su mayoría por autores anónimos. Se analizan las condiciones extremas de esas escrituras y algunos de sus rasgos fundamentales, partiendo de la idea de que el sistema concentracionario no sólo hace trizas el mundo de los detenidos, sino también su lenguaje. Tras abordar los poemas anónimos, el artículo se detiene en el análisis de algunos poemas de Aristóteles España y en el poema inacabado de Víctor Jara escrito en el interior del Estadio Chile, pocas horas antes de morir. En ellos puede localizarse una conceptualización incisiva del lugar de la poesía concentracionaria chilena.  Palabras clave: poesía concentracionaria; Chile; campos de concentración; Aristóteles España; Víctor Jara.
Campo de Los almendros. La memoria concentracionaria y sus reelaboraciones
Authors: Souto Luz C.
Published: January 2017

El presente estudio realiza un recorrido por dos textos clave para la reconstrucción de lo sucedido en el campo de concentración Los almendros: Campo de los almendros de Max Aub (1968), y Desde la noche y la niebla de Juana Doña (1978). A través de ambas obras se analizan las características concentracionarias del predio alicantino -particularidades acentuadas por el último parte de guerra que confirma la derrota republicana- y la conexión entre escritura y memoria.  Palabras clave: Campo de concentración Los Almendros; puerto de Alicante; memoria histórica; Max Aub; Juana Doña.
One Year of the new Italian Journal of Groundwater
Authors: La Vigna Francesco
Published: January 2017

Not available.
Myxedema Psychosis in a Patient With Undiagnosed Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Authors: Mavroson Matthew M. , Patel Nirav , Akker Eleonora
Published: January 2017

Myxedema psychosis is uncommon in patients with primary hypothyroidism. Most often, this disease state can be found in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis or after total thyroidectomy. Chronic hypothyroidism can lead to an insidious onset of psychiatric symptoms in patients, such as dementia, delirium, psychosis, hallucinations, and coma. A 31-year-old man with an unremarkable medical history was brought to the psychiatric emergency department for new-onset aggression, paranoid behavior, and hallucinations for 4 days. Initial test results showed a thyroid-stimulating hormone level of 306.0 mIU/L and a free thyroxin level of 0.24 ng/dL. No other clinical or laboratory abnormalities were found. A diagnosis of myxedema psychosis was established, and the patient was treated with tapering doses of intravenous hydrocortisone and 0.1 mg of intravenous levothyroxine daily. On hospital day 3, his mental status began to improve, and he was discharged on day 4. Myxedema psychosis is rarely the initial presenting symptom of hypothyroidism, especially in the absence of other abnormal clinical or laboratory findings.
Effects of oxygen flow rate on the electrical stability of zinc oxynitride thin-film transistors
Authors: Kim Dae-Hwan , Jeong Hwan-Seok , Jeong Chan-Yong , Song Sang-Hun , Kwon Hyuck-In
Published: January 2017

We investigated the effects of the oxygen flow rate (OFR) during the deposition of a zinc oxynitride (ZnON) channel layer on the electrical performance and stability of high-mobility ZnON thin-film transistors (TFTs). The ZnON TFTs prepared at a lower OFR exhibited higher electrical performance characteristics and a higher electrical stability under positive gate bias stresses than those prepared at a higher OFR, but showed a lower electrical stability under negative gate bias stresses. The lower density of subgap states within the channel layer and the higher hole concentration due to the small bandgap were considered as physical mechanisms responsible for the observed phenomena, respectively.
External magnetic field distribution mapping using terahertz emission from indium antimonide
Authors: Mag-usara Valynn Katrine , Bulgarevich Dmitry S. , Shiwa Mitsuharu , Watanabe Makoto , Tani Masahiko
Published: January 2017

We demonstrate and report the feasibility of utilizing terahertz (THz) surface emission from semiconductors as a mapping tool for magnetic field distribution. Using a standard THz time-domain spectroscopy setup, the THz emission of indium antimonide (InSb) was systematically measured at several different points of an external magnetic field. The initial results suggest promising directions in developing a practical THz emission-based magnetic field mapping technique for non-destructive electromagnetic imaging applications.
Metropolis Resepsiyon Salonu Mozaikleri Üzerindeki Balık ve Kuş Figürleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme / Analysis of Bird and Fish Figures on the Reception Hall Mosaics of Metropolis Theatre
Authors: YILDIRIM Yaşar Serkal
Published: January 2017

Abstract

7.00 x 8.25 m. measured place which is located between housing ruins in the eastern part of the Metropolis Theatre is called reception hall. This place decorated with colorful mosaics and wall paintings also having a good handcrafted floor is dated back to Roman Empire period. Besides Dionysos, Ariadne, Meinad, and Eros holding a wineglass figures related with Dionysos cult on the mosaic; theatre masks, fish and bird figures all together demonstrate that it could be used as a banquet hall for official invitations during theatre plays. 

These fish and bird figures have great importance to analyze the nutrition habits of antique cities, especially metropolis, which has few materials that could be read. The various fish and bird figures on the reception hall were examined by expert zoologists to try to identify the factors such as, this fish and birds’ species, their habitats and if they were eatable or not. The paper also tries to find out the nutrition habits of Metropolis community using the found data from ancient sources and obtained from this research.

Öz

Metropolis tiyatrosunun doğusunda konut kalıntıları arasında 7.00 x 8.25 m. Ölçülerindeki mekân Resepsiyon Salonu olarak adlandırılmaktadır.  Tabanı oldukça iyi bir işçilik gösteren renkli mozaiklerle ve duvar resimleri ile bezenmiş mekân Roma Dönemine tarihlenmektedir. Mozaik üzerinde Dionysos, Ariadne, Meinad ve elinde içki kadehi tutan (kantharos) Eros figürleri gibi Dionysos kültü ile ilişkili figürlerinin yanı sıra tiyatro masklarının, balık ve kuş figürlerinin yer alması, buranın tiyatro gösterileri sırasında resmi davetlerin verildiği ziyafet salonu olarak kullanıldığını düşündürtmektedir.

Bu balık ve kuş figürlerinin, özellikle okunabilir maddi kalıntıların az olduğu Metropolis gibi antik kentlerdeki toplumların beslenme anlayışının çözümlenmesinde büyük öneme sahiptir. Resepsiyon Salonu mozaiklerindeki çeşitli balık ve kuş figürleri uzman zoologlarla incelenerek balıklar ve kuşların türleri, yaşam alanları ve yenilip yenilmediği gibi unsurlar tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler antik kaynaklardaki bilgiler ve ortaya çıkartılan buluntular ile birleştirilerek Metropolis toplumunun beslenme şekli anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır.
Investigation of diurnal variability of water vapor in Enceladus' plume by the Cassini ultraviolet imaging spectrograph
Authors: Hansen C. J. , Esposito L. W. , Aye K.‐M. , Colwell J. E. , Hendrix A. R. , Portyankina G. , Shemansky D.
Published: January 2017

An occultation of ε Orionis by Enceladus' plume was observed with Enceladus at an orbital longitude near apoapsis in order to investigate whether water vapor flow is modulated diurnally, similar to ice particles. The occultation showed that the bulk water vapor emanating from Enceladus changes little with orbital position. The amount of gas in at least one supersonic jet increased significantly, implying that the increase in the number of particles lofted at apoapsis could be due to more gas coming from the supersonic jets and not the overall gas flux from the tiger stripe fissures that cross Enceladus' south polar region.
Is the intensification of precipitation extremes with global warming better detected at hourly than daily resolutions?
Authors: Barbero R. , Fowler H. J. , Lenderink G. , Blenkinsop S.
Published: January 2017

Although it has been documented that daily precipitation extremes are increasing worldwide, faster increases may be expected for subdaily extremes. Here after a careful quality control procedure, we compared trends in hourly and daily precipitation extremes using a large network of stations across the United States (U.S.) within the 1950–2011 period. A greater number of significant increasing trends in annual and seasonal maximum precipitation were detected from daily extremes, with the primary exception of wintertime. Our results also show that the mean percentage change in annual maximum daily precipitation across the U.S. per global warming degree is ~6.9% °C−1 (in agreement with the Clausius‐Clapeyron rate) while lower sensitivities were observed for hourly extremes, suggesting that changes in the magnitude of subdaily extremes in response to global warming emerge more slowly than those for daily extremes in the climate record.
Lake seasonality across the Tibetan Plateau and their varying relationship with regional mass changes and local hydrology
Authors: Lei Yanbin , Yao Tandong , Yang Kun , Sheng Yongwei , Kleinherenbrink Marcel , Yi Shuang , Bird Broxton W. , Zhang Xiaowen , Zhu La , Zhang Guoqing
Published: January 2017

The recent growth and deepening of inland lakes in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) may be a salient indicator of the consequences of climate change. The seasonal dynamics of these lakes is poorly understood despite this being potentially crucial for disentangling contributions from glacier melt and precipitation, which are all sensitive to climate, to lake water budget. Using in situ observations, satellite altimetry and gravimetry data, we identified two patterns of lake level seasonality. In the central, northern, and northeastern TP, lake levels are characterized by considerable increases during warm seasons and decreases during cold seasons, which is consistent with regional mass changes related to monsoon precipitation and evaporation. In the northwestern TP, however, lake levels exhibit dramatic increases during both warm and cold seasons, which deviate from regional mass changes. This appears to be more connected with high spring snowfall and large summer glacier melt. The variable lake level response to different drivers indicates heterogeneous sensitivity to climate change between the northwestern TP and other regions.
A novel CFS‐PML boundary condition for transient electromagnetic simulation using a fictitious wave domain method
Authors: Hu Yanpu , Egbert Gary , Ji Yanju , Fang Guangyou
Published: January 2017

In this study, we apply fictitious wave domain (FWD) methods, based on the correspondence principle for the wave and diffusion fields, to finite difference (FD) modeling of transient electromagnetic (TEM) diffusion problems for geophysical applications. A novel complex frequency shifted perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary condition is adapted to the FWD to truncate the computational domain, with the maximum electromagnetic wave propagation velocity in the FWD used to set the absorbing parameters for the boundary layers. Using domains of varying spatial extent we demonstrate that these boundary conditions offer significant improvements over simpler PML approaches, which can result in spurious reflections and large errors in the FWD solutions, especially for low frequencies and late times. In our development, resistive air layers are directly included in the FWD, allowing simulation of TEM responses in the presence of topography, as is commonly encountered in geophysical applications. We compare responses obtained by our new FD‐FWD approach and with the spectral Lanczos decomposition method on 3‐D resistivity models of varying complexity. The comparisons demonstrate that our absorbing boundary condition in FWD for the TEM diffusion problems works well even in complex high‐contrast conductivity models.
Kirigami/Origami‐Based Soft Deployable Reflector for Optical Beam Steering
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Chenzhe , Rodrigue Hugo , Yuan Fengpei , Han Min‐Woo , Cho Maenghyo , Ahn Sung‐Hoon
Published: January 2017

The beam steering mechanism has been a key element for various applications ranging from sensing and imaging to solar tracking systems. However, conventional beam steering systems are bulky and complex and present significant challenges for scaling up. This work introduces the use of soft deployable reflectors combining a soft deployable structure with simple kirigami/origami reflective films. This structure can be used as a macroscale beam steering mechanism that is both simple and compact. This work first develops a soft deployable structure that is easily scalable by patterning of soft linear actuators. This soft deployable structure is capable of increasing its height several folds by expanding in a continuous and controllable manner, which can be used as a frame to deform the linearly stretchable kirigami/origami structures integrated into the structure. Experiments on the reflective capability of the reflectors are conducted and show a good fit to the modeling results. The proposed principles for deployment and for beam steering can be used to realize novel active beam steering devices, highlighting the use of soft robotic principles to produce scalable morphing structures.
Interface Engineered WxC@WS2 Nanostructure for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis
Authors: Wang Fengmei , He Peng , Li Yuanchang , Shifa Tofik Ahmed , Deng Ya , Liu Kaili , Wang Qisheng , Wang Feng , Wen Yao , Wang Zhenxing , Zhan Xueying , Sun Lianfeng , He Jun
Published: January 2017

For increasing scalability and reducing cost, transition metal dichalcogenides‐based electrocatalysts presently have been proposed as substitutes for noble metals to generate hydrogen, but these alternatives usually suffer from inferior performance. Here, a Ravenala leaf‐like WxC@WS2 heterostructure is grown via carbonizing WS2 nanotubes, whose outer walls being partially unzipped along with the Wx C “leaf‐valves” attached to the inner tubes during the carbonization process. This heterostructure exhibits a catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction with low overpotential of 146 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope of 61 mV per decade, outperforming the performance of WS2 nanotubes and WxC counterparts under the same condition. Density functional theory calculations are performed to unravel the underlying mechanism, revealing that the charge distribution between WxC and WS2 plays a key role for promoting H atom adsorption and desorption kinetics simultaneously. This work not only provides a potential low‐cost alternative for hydrogen generation but should be taken as a guide to optimize the catalyst structure and composition.
All‐Natural Sustainable Packaging Materials Inspired by Plant Cuticles
Authors: Heredia‐Guerrero José A. , Benítez José J. , Cataldi Pietro , Paul Uttam C. , Contardi Marco , Cingolani Roberto , Bayer Ilker S. , Heredia Antonio , Athanassiou Athanassia
Published: January 2017

New sustainable composite materials inspired by plant cuticles have been fabricated by impregnation of fibrous cellulose substrates with a naturally occurring polyhydroxylated fatty acid (9,10,16‐trihydroxypalmitic or aleuritic acid) and subsequent polymerization of the latter into polyaleuritate. A two‐step preparation method is used, comprising of spraying and hot‐pressing. The hot‐pressing temperature is critical for the extent of polymerization of polyaleuritate and its alteration allows fine tuning of the mechanical properties, opacity, wettability, and water adsorption of the developed composite materials. The cellulose substrate controls other characteristics such as water permeability and thermal conductivity. Addition of carnauba wax into the polyaleuritate matrix results in improvement of water and oxygen barrier properties. Best results in terms of mechanical resistivity, transparency, water resistance, and low values of oxygen permeability are obtained for samples fabricated using hot‐pressing temperature of 200 °C and with a final formulation of 80.6% of cellulose, 17.7% of aleuritic acid, and 1.7% of carnauba wax. Comparison of the composite properties with common plastics confirms that these plant cuticle‐like materials can become promising alternatives to petroleum‐based macromolecules for packaging applications.
What explains patterns of biodiversity across the Tree of Life?
Authors: Wiens John J.
Published: January 2017

A major challenge in biology is to explain why some groups have thousands or millions of species whereas others have few. Here, I review the causes of this variation. New studies reveal that higher species numbers in many major groups are explained by higher diversification rates (and traits that accelerate these rates). These traits span most of biology (e.g. genomics, ecology, morphology). Rather than simply testing individual traits, research should now focus on comparing how much variation in diversification rates is explained by different types of traits. For example, is local‐scale ecology (e.g. microhabitat, diet) more important than large‐scale climate (e.g. occurring in tropical vs. temperate regions)? Are traits based on particular values (e.g. smaller body sizes) more important than those based on rates of change (e.g. faster size evolution)? I review recent results on the relative importance of different traits for driving diversification, and present a framework for future research.
Design and control of integrated chromatography column sequences
Authors: Andersson Niklas , Löfgren Anton , Olofsson Marianne , Sellberg Anton , Nilsson Bernt , Tiainen Peter
Published: January 2017

To increase the productivity in biopharmaceutical production, a natural step is to introduce integrated continuous biomanufacturing which leads to fewer buffer and storage tanks, smaller sizes of integrated unit operations, and full automation of the operation. The main contribution of this work is to illustrate a methodology for design and control of a downstream process based on integrated column sequences. For small scale production, for example, pre‐clinical studies, integrated column sequences can be implemented on a single chromatography system. This makes for a very efficient drug development platform. The proposed methodology is composed of four steps and is governed by a set of tools, that is presented, that makes the transition from batch separations to a complete integrated separation sequence as easy as possible. This methodology, its associated tools and the physical implementation is presented and illustrated on a case study where the target protein is separated from impurities through an integrated four column sequence. This article shows that the design and control of an integrated column sequence was successfully implemented for a tertiary protein separation problem. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:923–930, 2017
Optimization of biopharmaceutical downstream processes supported by mechanistic models and artificial neural networks
Authors: Pirrung Silvia M. , van der Wielen Luuk A. M. , van Beckhoven Ruud F. W. C. , van de Sandt Emile J. A. X. , Eppink Michel H. M. , Ottens Marcel
Published: January 2017

Downstream process development is a major area of importance within the field of bioengineering. During the design of such a downstream process, important decisions have to be made regarding the type of unit operations as well as their sequence and their operating conditions. Current computational approaches addressing these issues either show a high level of simplification or struggle with computational speed. Therefore, this article presents a new approach that combines detailed mechanistic models and speed‐enhancing artificial neural networks. This approach was able to simultaneously optimize a process with three different chromatographic columns toward yield with a minimum purity of 99.9%. The addition of artificial neural networks greatly accelerated this optimization. Due to high computational speed, the approach is easily extendable to include more unit operations. Therefore, it can be of great help in the acceleration of downstream process development. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:696–707, 2017
Thermal management investigation on fluid processing within porous rhombic cavities: Heatlines versus entropy generation
Authors: Das Debayan , Basak Tanmay
Published: January 2017

The study of natural convection in rhombic enclosure has been a subject of interest in the recent past. In the current work, the effect of various shapes of the rhombic enclosure (φ = 45°, 60°, and 75°) is investigated for fixed areas (A = 0.5, 1, and 1.5) over an extensive range of parameters (Prm = 0.015 − 1000, Dam = 10−5 − 10−2, and Ram = 106) for an optimal thermal configuration. The rhombic enclosure is subjected to the isothermal heating of the bottom wall along with the cold side and top walls. The results are shown in the form of entropy generation maps (Sθ and Sψ) along with the heatlines (Π), streamlines (ψ), and isotherms (θ). It is observed that Sθ decreases near the left wall whereas Sθ near the top and right walls increases with φ, irrespective of A. A large regime near the bottom portion of the left wall and right portion of the bottom wall corresponds to the higher magnitude of Sψ and that extends over a wider region for the higher φ. The results in terms of total entropy generation (Stotal), average Bejan number (Beav), and average Nusselt number () are compared with those within the square cavity (). Overall, it may be concluded that the rhombic enclosure with at A = 0.5 is the optimal configuration for the thermal processing of the fluids based on the moderate Stotal and .
Asymmetric Diurnal and Monthly Responses of Ecosystem Carbon Fluxes to Experimental Warming
Authors: Chen Ji , Zhou Xuhui , Hruska Tracy , Cao Junji , Zhang Baocheng , Liu Chen , Liu Min , Shelton Shelby , Guo Liang , Wei Yonglin , Wang Junfeng , Xiao Shun , Wang Ping
Published: January 2017

Quantifying the diurnal and monthly responses of ecosystem carbon (C) fluxes is critical to accurately understand the feedback between global climate change and ecosystem C dynamics. However, the diurnal and monthly responses of ecosystem C fluxes to climate warming remain unclear. In this study, a field simulated warming experiment was conducted by using open top chambers to explore the diurnal and monthly responses of ecosystem C fluxes during one growing season (GS) in a Tibetan Plateau grassland. The results showed that ecosystem C fluxes responded unevenly to the simulated warming during one GS. Warming significantly increased C uptake (gross primary production) and sequestration (net ecosystem exchange) during the start (May to June) and peak (July to August) of the GS, but promoted ecosystem respiration (ER) during the peak and end (September to October) of the GS. Warming also had more pronounced positive effects on ER during night than during day. In addition, although warming significantly decreased the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of ER over the whole GS, Q10also responded positively to warming during the start and end of GS as well as during the night. These results highlight the hypothesis that asymmetrical responses of the diurnal and monthly variations of ecosystem C fluxes and Q10should be taken into consideration to project the C‐climate feedback, especially under future non‐uniform warming scenarios.
Nutritional effects on T‐cell immunometabolism
Authors: Cohen Sivan , Danzaki Keiko , MacIver Nancie J.
Published: January 2017

T cells are highly influenced by nutrient uptake from their environment, and changes in overall nutritional status, such as malnutrition or obesity, can result in altered T‐cell metabolism and behavior. In states of severe malnutrition or starvation, T‐cell survival, proliferation, and inflammatory cytokine production are all decreased, as is T‐cell glucose uptake and metabolism. The altered T‐cell function and metabolism seen in malnutrition is associated with altered adipokine levels, most particularly decreased leptin. Circulating leptin levels are low in malnutrition, and leptin has been shown to be a key link between nutrition and immunity. The current view is that leptin signaling is required to upregulate activated T‐cell glucose metabolism and thereby fuel T‐cell activation. In the setting of obesity, T cells have been found to have a key role in promoting the recruitment of inflammatory macrophages to adipose depots along with the production of inflammatory cytokines that promote the development of insulin resistance leading to diabetes. Deletion of T cells, key T‐cell transcription factors, or pro‐inflammatory T‐cell cytokines prevents insulin resistance in obesity and underscores the importance of T cells in obesity‐associated inflammation and metabolic disease. Altogether, T cells have a critical role in nutritional immunometabolism.
Supramolecular Architectures Based on Metal–Cytosine Systems
Authors: Thomas‐Gipson Jintha , Beobide Garikoitz , Castillo Oscar , Luque Antonio , Pérez‐Yáñez Sonia , Román Pascual
Published: January 2017

Five new compounds of cytosine with first‐row transition metals, (H2Cyt)2[CoCl4]·2(HCyt) (1), [CoBr2(HCyt)2] (2), [ZnCl2(HCyt)2] (3), [CuCl2(HCyt)2] (4), and [CuBr2(HCyt)2] (5) (in which HCyt = cytosine, H2Cyt = cytosinium cation), are reported. In 1, the protonation of one of the cytosine molecules facilitates base pairing with the neutral cytosine, instead of the expected coordination to the metal center. In all other compounds, neutral cytosine molecules are coordinated to the MII centers through N3 positions, forming monomeric entities. The supramolecular crystal structure of 1 is sustained by the base‐pairing interactions between the 1H,3H‐cytosinium cation and the neutral 1H‐cytosine molecule through their Watson–Crick and sugar edges, giving rise to zig‐zag supramolecular ribbons, in which neutral and cationic cytosine molecules alternate. In the isostructural compounds 2 and 3, only one of the cytosine molecules establishes base pairing through sugar‐edge‐forming supramolecular dimers, and the 3D cohesiveness is achieved by means of noncomplementary hydrogen bonding, involving the sugar edge of the other cytosine with the amino group and the bromide anions of the adjacent dimer. Compounds 4 and 5 show similar supramolecular arrangements, with cytosine molecules self‐assembling along the sugar edge into 1D chains.