bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasma Polymerized Thin-Films for Biosensors
Authors: Chang Chin Chuan , Wang Shu Ling , Tseng Wen Chi , Wang Meng Jiy
Published: March 2009

Plasma polymerization is an effective method to directly deposit ultra-thin film on
substrates with advantageous properties such as good adhesion and biocompatibility. In this paper,
the monomers containing amine groups with various unsaturated structures (propylamine,
allylamine) are chosen to provide amine functionalities and to promote biocompatibilities for the
polymerized thin films. The deposition rates revealed by measuring the thickness of thin films are
characterized by profilometer under various plasma conditions. FTIR and AFM are used to study
the chemical structures and morphology of the deposited thin films. In order to examine the
applicability of the deposited polymers for biosensors, the activities of the incorporated
biomolecules on deposited thin films are analyzed. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are
cultivated on the polymerized thin films. Both propylamine and allylamine polymerized thin films
show enhanced cell viability than on glass slide substrates.
Totally Biodegradable and Osteoconductive Composite Material Consisting of Polyhydroxybutyrate and Tricalcium Phosphate for Bone Tissue Repair
Authors: Liu Ya , Wang Min
Published: March 2009

Totally biodegradable and osteoconductive composite material consisting of
polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) was manufactured for bone tissue
repair. The composite production process was optimized with the help of differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC) analyses. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) indicated that intended
compositions for TCP/PHB composite could be achieved through this manufacturing route. Scanning
electron microscopic (SEM) examinations revealed that TCP/PHB composite containing up to 40
vol.% of β-TCP had satisfactory distribution of micron-sized TCP particles in the composite. The
good-quality composite will be further investigated in in vitro and in vivo experiments.
MCP-1 Expression Associated with Inflammation and Biomaterials
Authors: Ding Ting Ting , Sun Jiao , Zhang Ping
Published: March 2009

The study of inflammation is important in understanding the reaction between
biomaterials and the immune system. In the current study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
(ECV-304), cultured with PRMI-1640, were detached from cells cultured with the supernatant of
macrophages which contained TNF-α and IL-1β because of stimulation by biomaterials. Cells were
then put into contact with multiple biomaterials with different biocompatibilities. Levels of
monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured. The results suggested that level of
MCP-1 cultured with supernatant of macrophages was higher than PRMI-1640 in the same
biomaterials. And, exposure to the positive control, Polytetrafluoroethylene,
Poly-Lactic-co-Glycolic acid and American NPG alloy, resulted in high expression of MCP-1 (p<
0.001) following cytokine stimulation. MCP-1 was also significantly expressed in β-Tricalcium
Phosphate and Calcium Phosphate Cement samples (p < 0.01). These data suggested that MCP-1
was activated by both cytokines and biomaterials.
Novel Silicon Based Anodic Spark Deposition Treatment for Dental Implant
Authors: Sarinnaphakorn Lertrit , Mesquida Patrick , Chiesa Roberto , Giordano C. , Fenlon Michael , DiSilvio Lucy
Published: March 2009

Surface treated titanium implants are increasingly being used in dental and orthopaedic
applications. This study examined the biological response of primary human alveolar osteoblast
(aHOB) cells to a novel silicon based anodic spark deposition treated titanium surfaces. Three
different titanium surfaces were investigated: anodic spark deposition (ASD) with silicon based
(ASDSi), BioSpark™ (BS), and chemically etched (BioRough™, BR). Commercially pure titanium
(cpTi) was the non-treated control surface. Physiological and biological evaluations were conducted
on all test and control surfaces. Surface scanning (SEM, EDS, and AFM) confirmed a
nano-topography, which was textured for all surfaces; and similar surface chemical composition (Ca
and P), of significant was the Si peak on the ASDSi surface. Cell morphological study (SEM) showed
good adhere and spreading over the surface, with metabolically active cells having extended
filopodia. Biological response was observed with cell proliferation on all test surfaces for the period
studied. Proliferation rate was seen to increase with time. This initial favourable cell response will be
of benefit in the long term osseointegration of the implant surfaces.
Damping Force Control of MR Damper for a Passenger Vehicle Considering Hysteretic Compensator
Authors: Seong Min Sang , Sung Kum Gil , Choi Seung Bok
Published: March 2009

This paper presents damping force control performances of a magnetorheological (MR)
damper via new control strategy considering hysteretic behavior of the field-dependent damping
force. In order to achieve this goal, a commercial MR damper which is applicable to passenger vehicle
is adopted and its field-dependent damping force is experimentally evaluated. Since the
field-dependent damping force shows the hysteretic behavior which significantly affects to control
characteristics of the system, Preisach hysteresis model for the MR damper is established and its first
order descending (FOD) curves are experimentally identified. Subsequently, a feed-forward
compensator strategy for the MR damper is formulated and damping force control is evaluated. In
addition, vibration control performances are experimentally evaluated with quarter-vehicle test
facility.
Effect of Oxygen Content on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-Nb-Ge Alloys for Biomedical Application
Authors: Kim Won Yong , Kim Han Sol
Published: March 2009

The effect of Ge and oxygen content on microstructural formation and mechanical
properties of Ti-Nb alloys were investigated in order to design a desirable Ti based alloy through
casting process. Three phase mixtures consisting of bcc-structured β phase, orthorhombic structured
α" phase and intermediate ω phase were found depending on Nb, Ge, oxygen content in the present
alloy system. The volume fraction of α" phase and ω phase decreased with increasing Ge or oxygen
content. This microstructural information may indicate that both Ge and oxygen act to increase the
stability of β phase rather than α" phase in metastable β-Ti based alloys prepared by water quenching.
Elastic modulus values were sensitive to phase stability of constituent phases.
Preparation and Characterization of Golden-Colored Pigments Based on Silver Coated with Metal Oxides
Authors: Tateishi Yuko , Einaga Hisahiro , Teraoka Yasutake
Published: March 2009

The present study aimed at the development of new artificial golden-colored pigments
which are thermally stable up to 900 oC and can be used for coloring ceramics wares. Silver was used
as a base material with bright metallic luster. Silver with the larger lamellar structure was
indispensable to maintain the metallic luster, and it was successfully obtained by the heat-treatment of
as-obtained silver powder at 200-400 oC in air and subsequently dry ball-milling at 300 rpm for 1 h.
The surface of the lamellar-structured silver was coated with small particles of hydroxides,
oxyhydroxides and oxides of Fe, Co, Ni, Ce and Pr. Appearance of golden color depended on the
combination of metal species and heat-treatment temperature, and CeO2-coated silver gave golden
color after calcination at 800 and 900 oC. The golden color of CeO2-coated silver could be controlled
by the loading amount and particle size of CeO2 for color tone and relative area of naked surface of Ag
for luster.
The Characteristics and Thermal Stability of CrN/AlSiN Multilayer Coatings
Authors: Kim S.M. , Kim G.S. , Lee Sang Yul , Lee Bo Young
Published: March 2009

CrN/AlSiN multilayer coatings with bilayer period (Λ) between 2.3 nm and 8.0 nm were
synthesized from Cr and AlSi (Si=20 and 66 at.%) targets by using a closed-field unbalanced
magnetron sputtering (CFUBMS) and their crystal structure, chemical composition and mechanical
properties have been investigated by glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES), Xray
diffractometry (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and nano-indenter. In order to
evaluate the thermal stability of the coatings annealing treatments for 30 min at temperature
between 800 °C and 1000 °C were performed in air. The thermal stability of the CrN/AlSiN
multilayer coatings was improved with increasing Si content. In case of the coating with Si content
of 18.2 at.%, a superior thermal stability was exhibited even after annealed at 1000 °C and the
relatively high hardness of 25 GPa was maintained without a significant decrease in hardness. The
reduced oxidation rate of the coatings at high temperature could be attributed to the formation of the
amorphous Si3N4 phase around the crystalline AlN phase.
Deposition of Pd onto SnO2 Nanoparticles-Based Gas Sensors Using a Pd Complex as the Precursor
Authors: Kida Tetsuya , Kurachi Hiroyuki , Yuasa Masayoshi , Shimanoe Kengo , Yamazoe Noboru
Published: March 2009

The deposition of Pd nanoparticles onto thiol-functionalized SnO2 nanoparticles was
carried out at the aqueous/organic liquid/liquid interface to prepare Pd-loaded SnO2 nanoparticles for
high-sensitive sensor materials. The method is based on the self-assembly deposition of Pd onto
dimercaptosucinic acid (DMSA)-functionalized SnO2 nanoparticles (mean diameter: 4 nm) prepared
by a hydrothermal method. Pd nanoparticles of 2-3 nm in chloroform were prepared by thermal
decomposition of a Pd complex at high temperature (170 °C). Thin film-type device using the
prepared Pd-loaded SnO2 nanoparticles was fabricated and tested for its sensing properties.
Fabrication of Nano Particles on Vertically Aligned Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes by E-Beam Evaporation
Authors: Hsieh Tung Feng , Chuang Chia Chih , Chou Yu Chuan , Shu Chi Min
Published: March 2009

A novel composite electrode-containing gold/platinum nanoparticles on the vertically aligned
multi-wall nanotubes (MWCNTs) by electron beam evaporation (e-beam evaporation) is reported
herein. The gold/platinum nanoparticles were less than 10 nm, and distributed uniformly on the
surface of vertically aligned MWCNTs under the control of e-beam evaporation. The composite
electrodes could be applied in the field of biomedical sensor and energy storage devices. This
process was straightforward and contained high specific surface areas of gold/platinum
nanoparticles on the MWCNTs. It was helpful to enhance the efficiency of organic fuel
decomposition as well as advance the sensor precision. In addition, the nanoparticles on the
MWCNTs could also facilitate the high electron mobility and chemical stability.
Nonlinear Acoustic NDE – Qualitative and Quantitative Effects
Authors: Engelbrecht Jüri , Ravasoo Arvi , Janno Jaan
Published: March 2009

The recent results in constructing the mathematical basis of nonlinear acoustic techniques
for NDE of inhomogeneous materials are discussed. These include microstructural materials and
materials with weakly or strongly changing properties of specimens (structural elements) under
inhomogeneous prestress. The idea is to extract additional information from nonlinear and
dispersive effects of wave propagation. Novel concepts are introduced: (i) the analysis of dispersive
effects; (ii) the analysis of two counter-propagating nonlinear waves.
Super-Hydrophobic Surfaces Improve Corrosion Resistance of Fe3Al-Type Intermetallic in Seawater
Authors: Liu Tao , Lau Kin Tak , Chen Shou Gang , Cheng Sha , Yin Yan Sheng
Published: March 2009

A novel super-hydrophobic film was prepared by myristic acid (CH3(CH2)12COOH) chemically
adsorbed onto the polyethyleneimine (PEI) coated Fe3Al-type intermetallic wafer. The film character
and structure were probed with contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and
atomic force microscope (AFM). The results suggest that the structure of the film is similar to lotus
and the seawater contact angle is larger than 150◦. Moreover, the corrosion resistances of untreated
and modified samples in seawater were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
(EIS). Experimental results show that the corrosion rate of Fe3Al-type intermetallic with
super-hydrophobic surface decreases dramatically because of its special microstructure.
A Smart Flow Sensor for Flow Direction Measurement
Authors: Lee Chia Yen , Wang Yu Hsiang , Hsueh Tzu Han , Ma Rong Hua , Fu Lung Ming , Chou Po Cheng
Published: March 2009

The purpose of this paper is to apply MEMS techniques to manufacture a gas flow sensor
that consists with an airflow rate and airflow direction sensing units for detection of airflow states.
This study uses a silicon wafer as a substrate which is deposited silicon nitride layers. To form the
airflow rate sensing unit, a micro heater and a sensing resistor are manufactured over a membrane that
released by a back-etching process. The airflow direction sensing unit is made of four cantilever
beams that perpendicular to each other and integrated with piezoresistive structure on each
micro-cantilever, respectively. As the cantilever beams are formed after etching the silicon wafer, it
bends up a little due to the released residual stress induced in the previous fabrication process. As air
flows through the airflow rate sensor, the temperature of the sensing resistor decreases and the
evaluation of the local temperature changes determines the airflow rate. On the proposed sensor, the
airflow direction can be determined through comparing the resistance variation caused by different
deformation of cantilever beams at different directions.
Facile Synthesis of Conducting Polypyrrole/Non-Aggregated Magnetite Nanocomposites and their Magnetorheological Characteristics
Authors: Fang Fei Fei , You Jae Lim , Choi Hyoung Jin
Published: March 2009

Large density of the dispersed phase in magnetorheological (MR) fluids has hindered
operating MR test and their industrial application. This present work adopted Fe3O4 nanoparticles to
prepare MR fluid because of their moderate density and good magnetic property. Furthermore, in
order to resolve aggregation problem of Fe3O4 particles due to their nano-scaled size, conducting
polypyrrole (PPY) was synthesized around naono-sized Fe3O4 particles via conventional oxidation
polymerization. Weight ratio of PPY to Fe3O4 was adjusted to be 5% to avoid possible deterioration
of the magnetic property of Fe3O4 particles. TEM images described the morphology for PPY-Fe3O4,
and XRD pattern provided information on structural characterization and particle size. Finally, MR
performances of pure Fe3O4 and PPY-Fe3O4 nanocomposites were investigated via rotational and
oscillatory tests.
A Study on Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Tapping of Titanium
Authors: Kuo Kei Lin
Published: March 2009

Tapping is a technique commonly employed to make internal threads in the fastening
industry. However, sudden breakage of tool bits is the most undesirable event often encountered
during thread tapping. In particular, this can most readily occur when making internal threads in
blind-holes, especially holes smaller than M6. As such, any effort to prolong the life of the tap is
both necessary as well as urgent. The present study tried to use the high frequency vibration
generated by a piezoelectric actuator to make threads for the titanium alloy. The thread tapping
process was analyzed in detail, involving the Taguchi experimentation method, in which an
orthogonal array table, L3(34),was employed to design the experimental runs for use in this study.
The effects of interacting processing parameters including the frequency of vibration, vibration
amplitude, spindle revolution speed and cutting fluid used on the performance of the tapping
process were examined. The result was compared with no ultrasonic-assisted tapping.
Vibration Damping of Automotive Driveshafts with Piezofiber Composite Structures
Authors: Lee Jae Mun , Lee Chul Hee , Choi Seung Bok
Published: March 2009

This paper presents a solution of the vibration reduction in driving automotive shafts.
Generally, vibration modes in automotive driveshafts are divided into the bending and torsional
vibrations. However, the bending vibration is more dominant factor when it excites with the
resonance frequencies in automotive driveshafts. In this paper, the vibration damping structure of
automotive driveshaft is introduced by incorporating piezofiber composite structure, which is also
called as MFC (Macro Fiber Composite). The MFC is an innovative actuator that offers high
performance and flexibility than other piezo-materials, so it is the best candidate of actuator to apply
to the curved surface of shaft. In order to simulate the bending vibration reduction in the automotive
shaft, analytical model based on cylindrical shell theory was developed. Moreover, Finite Element
Analysis (FEA) using the piezoelectric-thermal analogy technique was conducted to confirm the
analytical results and demonstrate the vibration reduction performance. The effect by the polarity of
MFC on the vibration damping is also studied to find the best combination of MFC activation. Thus,
the results showcase the optimal vibration damping capabilities using MFC in automotive driveshafts,
and provide an outlook for the active damping control using the multi-mode resonance controllers.
Swelling Behavior of Poly(Acrylamide) Nanoclay Composite Hydrogels
Authors: Li Peng , Siddaramaiah  , Park Ok Kyung , Kim Nam Hoon , Heo Seok Bong , Lee Joong Hee
Published: March 2009

A series of nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels were synthesized by in-situ polymerization of
acrylamide (AAm) monomer using laponite XLS clay as a crosslinker. This paper focused on water
absorbency of the NC hydrogels with various clay contents, at various pH values and ionic strengths.
The influence of pH value on swelling behaviors showed that a maximum swelling ratio was
observed at pH 11. The swelling abilities of the NC composites decreased in saline solution strength.
Heat treatment of NC hydrogels improved the swelling capacity of the hydrogels.
Solution-Responsive Shape-Memory Polymer Driven by Forming Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Lv Hai Bao , Liu Yan Ju , Zhang Dong Xing , Leng Jin Song , Du Shan Yi
Published: March 2009

Recently, there is interest in triggering shape recovery of shape-memory polymers(SMPs)
by novel non-external heating. In this paper, many hard works have been carried out to make SMP
induced by solution. The main challenge in the development of such polymer systems is the
conversion of solution-induced effects at the molecular level to macroscopic movement of working
pieces. This paper presents a systematic study on the effects of solution on the glass transition
temperature (Tg). The results reveal that the hydrogen bonding of shape memory polymer (SMP) was
aroused by the absorbed solution that significantly reduces Tg of polymer. The mechanism behind it is
solution firstly intenerates polymeric materials till the Tg of polymer lowered down to the temperature
of ambient, then hydrogen bonding interaction improves the flexibility of polymeric macro-molecular
chains. Thus, the shape memory effect (SME) can undergo solution-driven shape recovery. In
addition, it provides a new approach that the SMP can be induced by applying non-energy stimulus.
The Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA) results reveal that the modulus of polymer was softened
gradually with immersion time increasing. The experimental result is approximate to the theory.
Fabrication and Characterization of Microscale Sensors for Strain Measurement in Flexible Polymer Heart Valve Leaflet
Authors: Lin Yu Li , Su Kuan Tung , Chen Gin Shin , Liu Jia Shing
Published: March 2009

Flexible polymer heart valves are promising clinical prostheses for replacement of
diseased or malfunctioned natural heart valves. However, the flexible polymer leaflets are prone to
fatigue fracture, which hinders their practicality in clinical applications. In this study, micro strain
sensor (gauge) for strain measurement is designed in the polyurethane (PU) thin film to measure the
stress/strain in situ. In our design, the strain gauge is embedded in PU which is different to the
commercial strain gauge of sticking to the sample. The metal layer of strain gauge used in this study
is gold. The overall size of the designed strain gauge is 1 mm x 1 mm x 0.1 μm and the resistance
value was measured to be 200±30Ω. The static test of strain gauge without damp proof shows that
gauge sensitivity G was measured to be 4 and 1.8 when strain range is less than 1% and between
1-1.5%, respectively. While, the static test of strain gauge with damp proof shows that gauge
sensitivity G was measured to be 2.6 when strain range is less than 1.2%. Dynamic test of strain
gauge was also applied in this study.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 0.63C-12.7Cr Martensitic Stainless Steel during Various Tempering Treatments
Authors: Lin Yu Li , Lin Chih Chung , Tsai Tsung Hsien , Lai Hong Jen
Published: March 2009

In this study, the microstructure and mechanical properties of 0.63C-12.7Cr martensitic
stainless steel during various tempering treatments were investigated. Experimental results
demonstrate that finely distributed primary carbides can be observed in 0.63C-12.7Cr martensitic
stainless steel. It was also found that the measured hardness of 0.63C-12.7Cr martensitic stainless
steel after 300°C tempered treatment for 60 minutes can still reach to 677Hv. The variation of
measured hardness was found not significant during tempering treatments (200°C-500°C).
Moreover, owing to lower concentration of C and Cr, the matensitic transformation temperature Ms
can be increased to 96.4°C comparing to -127°C of SUS440C materials.
Fracture Behavior of Polypropylene /Elastomer Blends
Authors: Hernández M. , Ichazo M.N. , González J. , Albano C. , Santana Orlando
Published: March 2009

In this paper, effort has been undertaken to study the fracture behavior of
thermoplastic/elastomer (PP/SBS) dynamically vulcanized blends by analyzing the EWF test
results. PP/SBS blends were prepared with concentrations of SBS of 15, 30 and 40 wt%. Deeply
double edged notched tension (DDENT) specimens were cut from injection molded plaques for
fracture testing. It should be noted that the incorporation of SBS to PP seems to enhance fracture
toughness, thus the specific essential work (we) increases with elastomer content. The elastomer
particles contribute to the energy dissipation at the fracture surface and in the outer plastic zone in
which various types of deformation might have been at work. Also, it seems that the fracture
toughness value levels-off from 30 wt% rubber on. In addition, the incorporation of SBS triggers a
considerable plastic deformation, since the non-essential work ( βwp) increases compared to the
value of pure PP. Nonetheless, a decrease in βwp is present with increasing amount of rubber. So
the EWF method revealed that the dynamic vulcanization method can impair fracture resistance to
PP/SBS blends.
Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Flame Retardant
Authors: Jia Xiu Wei , Rong Min Zhi , Zhang Ming Qiu
Published: March 2009

A novel flame retardant polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSQ) was successfully obtained via
combination of non-hydrolytic and hydrolytic sol-gel routes. Chemical structure of the resultant
PMSQ was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared
spectrometry and powder X-ray diffraction, respectively. All the measurements demonstrated that the
product possessed regular structure with chain-to-chain width of 0.87nm and chain thickness of
0.40nm. Weight average molecular weight of PMSQ was measured to be 3.5×105 using gel
permeation chromatography. Numerical simulations of the molecular structure suggested that PMSQ
should exhibit cis-isotactic configuration and double helical conformation at undisturbed condition.
Development of the Green Composite Consists of Woodchips, Bamboo Fibers and Biodegradable
Authors: Kinoshita Hiroyuki , Kaizu Koichi , Fukuda Miki , Hitoo Tokunaga , Koga Keisuke , Ikeda Kiyohiko
Published: March 2009

From the viewpoint of the effective utilization of natural resources, the green composite
which is produced by solidifying woodchips has been developed[1][2][3]. However, since this
composite was solidified by the compressive load without the binder, the composite was very brittle
and had no water resistance [4]. In this study, to improve these defects, the biodegradable resin is
used as an adhesive and bamboo fibers are used as reinforced fibers. By using woodchips with two
kinds of the particle size, bamboo fibers with three kinds of the length and a biodegradable adhesive,
several kinds of specimens changed those mixing ratio were produced. The composite consists of the
ingredients which are friendly to the environment. By the four-point bending test and Charpy impact
test, the bending strength and impact strength of the composites were examined. From the
experimental results, it was found that the high bending strength and high energy absorption were
obtained in case where woodchips with the small particle size and long bamboo fibers were used. The
proposed composite has the high strength, and the practical application is also possible.
Synthesis and Characterization of Bamboo-Like Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Zhu Guang , Zou Xiao Ping , Cheng Jin
Published: March 2009

A simple catalytic combustion technique for synthesizing bamboo-like carbon was
presented. Ethanol was used as carbon source and fuel, copper plate as substrate, and iron salt as
catalyst precursors. The as-grown black powder was characterized by means of scanning electron
microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the morphology and
microstructure of bamboo-like carbon nanotubes are affected by novel synthesis conditions, such as
concentration of catalyst precursor solution, synthesis time, flame perturbations, and synthesis
temperature etc.. According to observations and analysis of experimental results, a possible growth
mechanism of bamboo-like carbon nanotubes is proposed and discussed.
Synthesis of Straight Y-Shaped Silica Nanorods
Authors: Zhu Guang , Zou Xiao Ping , Cheng Jin , Wang Mao Fa , Su Yi
Published: March 2009

The straight Y-shaped silica nanorods have been synthesized on Si wafer by thermal
chemical evaporation of mixed powders of silica and graphite at 1300°C and condensation on Si
substrate without assistance of any catalyst. The synthesized samples were characterized by means
of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy. The results suggested that the
straight Y-shaped silica nanorods have uniform diameter about 50-200nm and neat smooth surface.
The growth of such silica nanorods may be a result of the fluctuation of external conditions causing
a change in the growth direction of silica nanorods developed.
Natural Rubber and EPDM Rubber as an Impact Modifier in Vetiver Grass-Polypropylene Composites
Authors: Ruksakulpiwat Yupaporn , Sridee Jatuporn , Suppakarn Nitinat , Sutapun Wimonlak
Published: March 2009

In this research, vetiver grass was used as a filler in polypropylene (PP) composite.
Chemical treatment was done to modify fiber surface. Natural rubber (NR) and EPDM rubber at
various contents were used as an impact modifier of the composites. The composites were prepared
by using an injection molding. By adding NR or EPDM to PP composites, a significant increase in
the impact strength and elongation at break was observed in PP composite with rubber content more
than 20% by weight. However, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the composites
decrease with increasing rubber contents. Nevertheless, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of
the composites with NR or EPDM are still higher than those of PP up to 10% and 20% rubber
contents, respectively. Comparisons between NR and EPDM rubber on the mechanical properties of
the composites were elucidated.
Effect of FGM on Film Quality of Al onto Cu(001) Substrate by Considering Incident Energy and Deposition Rate
Authors: Jheng Meng Jie , Hwang Shun Fa , Hong Zheng Han
Published: March 2009

A molecular dynamic (MD) method is used to simulate Al atom depositing on Cu
substrate by controlling the incident energy and the deposition rate for dual-target magnetron
sputtering. At the interface, functional graded material (FGM) will be created to reduce the residual
stress after the deposition process. The results indicate that the surface roughness of the deposited
film will be reduced with the assistance of FGM, and more layers of FGM will reduce more the
root-mean-square (RMS) value and the residual stress to obtain excellent quality of the deposited
film.
Influence of Low-Level Oxidation on Mechanical Property of Two-Dimension Carbon/Carbon Composites
Authors: Li Long , Zeng Xie Rong , Li He Jun , Xiong Xin Bo , Li Xiao Hua , Xie Sheng Hui
Published: March 2009

The effect of low-level oxidation (weight loss less than 6wt.%) on mechanical property of
two-dimension (2D) carbon/carbon (C/C) composites was investigated in present work. C/C samples
were oxidized in a mixture gas, composed of 10vol%O2 and 90vol%N2, at temperatures of 850°C and
1300°C, respectively. The strength of C/C composites before and after oxidation was measured by
three point flexural tests. At different temperature, similar influences of low-level oxidation on
mechanical property of C/C samples were observed. As a result, failure of the as-received composites
was accompanied by brittle, catastrophic reduction in force. As oxidation progressed, the fracture
model of oxidized samples changed from brittle model to pseudoplastic failure model. Especially, the
changes of flexural strength with the weight loss increasing could be divided into two stages: (i) at
low weight loss, the strength increased with weight loss and is slightly higher than that of the
unoxidized composites; (ii) at high weight loss, the strength decreased gradually with the weight loss.
Shape Memory Characteristics of Ti50Ni50-xCux(x=35, 40) Alloy Strips
Authors: Kim Yeon Wook , Nam Tae Hyun , Lee Sang Hoon
Published: March 2009

The shape memory alloy strips of Ti50Ni15Cu35 and Ti50Ni10Cu40 had been fabricated by arc
melt overflow. Their microstructures and shape memory characteristics were investigated by means
of X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetries. The microstructure
of as-cast strips exhibited columnar grains normal to the strip surface. X-ray diffraction analysis
showed that one-step martensitic transformation of B2-B19 occurred in the alloy strips. According to
the DSC analysis, it was known that the martensitic transformation temperature (Ms) of B2→B19 was
71.2°C in Ti50Ni15Cu35 and 64.5°C in Ti50Ni10Cu40 alloy strip, respectively. During thermal cyclic
deformation with the applied stress of 60 MPa, transformation hysteresis and elongation associated
with the B2-B19 transformation were observed to be 4.9°C and 1.4% in Ti50Ni15Cu35 alloy strip.
However, Ti50Ni10Cu40 alloy strip was so brittle that its mechanical properties could not be measured.
Surface Modification of Ti Dental Implants by Grit-Blasting and Micro-Arc Oxidation
Authors: Kim Yeon Wook
Published: March 2009

The osseointegration capability of titanium dental implants is related to their chemical
composition and surface roughness. In this study, the combination of grit-blasting and micro-arc
oxidation had been used for producing the improved implant surfaces. The ceramic particles were
projected to titanium dental implants through a nozzle at high velocity by means of compressed air to
get high surface roughness. Then the surface of titanium implants was modified by micro-arc
oxidation treatment. The current density, frequency and duty were 50-300 mA/cm2, 100 Hz, and 50%,
respectively. A porous TiO2 layer was formed on the surface after the oxidation treatment. The
surface structure of oxidized implants exhibited nanometer-sized pores with an average diameter of
0.2 µm. The TiO2 passive layer of the implant surface can attribute to the excellent biocompatibility.
The high roughness (Ra=0.182 µm) formed by grit-blasting maximizes the interlocking between
mineralized bone and the surface of the implant. Surface roughness in the manometer range formed
by micro-arc oxidation treatment would play an important role in the adsorption of proteins, adhesion
of osteoblastic cell and thus the rate of osseointegration.
A Comparative Study of the Hydrostatic Performances of 1-3 Piezoelectric Composites with a Porous Matrix
Authors: Della Christian N. , Shu Dong Wei
Published: March 2009

In this research, a comparative study of the hydrostatic performances of 1-3 piezoelectric
composites with a porous matrix is presented. The piezoelectric fibers PZT-5H and PZT-7A are
considered in the present study. The micromechanics based Mori-Tanaka model is used. Results of
the study show that PZT-5H/Aradite D composite have better hydrostatic performance than PZT-
7A/Aradite D composite, and this advantage of PZT-5H/Aradite D composite over PZT-7A/Aradite
D composite increases with the increase of porosity in the matrix.
Friction Characteristic of Sliding Direction and Angle of Micro-Grooved Crosshatch Patterns under Lubricated Contact
Authors: Suh Min Soo , Chae Young Hun
Published: March 2009

Surface texturing, a sort of surface engineering, has been studied as an effective method
to improve the tribological performance under lubricated contact. Those mechanisms of friction
reduction, however, are not fully understood. Therefore, the sliding direction and the angle of
micro-grooved crosshatch patterns for coefficient of friction were examined. The micro-grooved
crosshatch pattern was fabricated by mechanical indentation method on the upper specimen and the
pin-on-disc friction test was performed with lubricant of paraffin oil. The influence of angel on the
friction was confirmed as friction coefficient increased proportional to the angle increase. The
micro-grooved crosshatch patterns have also the potential to change the friction characteristics by
sifting the lubrication regimes.
TEM Studies on the Microstructure in Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Murakami Y. , Yano T. , Shindo Daisuke
Published: March 2009

The magnetic domain structures of the cubic parent phase (high-temperature phase) in
ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (SMAs) have been studied by electron holography. In a
Ni51Fe22Ga17 alloy, the magnetic flux distribution in the parent phase changes dramatically before
the onset of martensitic transformation. In contrast, a Ni45Co5Mn36.7In13.3 alloy—a recently
developed ferromagnetic SMA—does not show appreciable changes in the magnetic domain
structure upon cooling. The anomaly observed in the Ni51Fe22Ga17 alloy appears to be due to
lattice distortions, which become more pronounced as the temperature approaches the martensitic
transformation start temperature, Ms.
Fabrication and Simulation of a Ni–Al2O3 Crack-Free Joining for Multiple Metal-Ceramic Composites Using a New Functionally Graded Material (FGM) Method
Authors: Park Jong Ha , Ryu Sae Hee , Lee Caroline Sun Yong , Choa Yong Ho , Lee Jae Chul , Ahn Sung Hoon
Published: March 2009

We fabricated a crack-free joining of Ni and Al2O3 using a functionally graded method.
Because porosity reduction is important, particle size of the Ni and Al2O3 powders was varied to
improve green body density and minimize shrinkage during sintering. As a result, crack-free joining
of a Ni–Al2O3 sample with 10 layers was obtained. The ANSYS simulation tool was used to
calculate residual stress. The hardness and modulus of each graded layer were measured using an
Vickers’ indenter. The experimental values matched the simulation results, showing that this
analysis is useful when residual stresses are very difficult to measure experimentally.
Effects of Temperature on Microstructure and Tribological Performance of a-CNx Films Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Zheng X.H. , Tu Jiang Ping , Li Hong Xia , Song Ren Guo
Published: March 2009

a-CNx films were deposited onto silicon wafers at temperatures from RT up to 600 °C by
using pulsed KrF excimer laser deposition. The composition, morphology and microstructure of the
CNx films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS), scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectrum. The tribological performance of the films was
investigated using a ball-on-disk tribometer. With increasing the deposition temperature ranging
from RT to 400 °C, the N content of films dropped from 36 at.% to 22 at.%, the ratio of N-sp3 C
bonds, hardness and friction coefficient of the film decreased. Further increase of deposition
temperature led to the lack of nitrogen and the increasing degree of order in ringed sp2 C=C bonds
of the amorphous carbon film. The mechanical and tribological performances became worse. The
film deposited at 300°C showed a low friction coefficient of 0.11 and a preferable wear resistance
of 1.65×10–7 mm3 Nm–1 in humid air.
Structure and Mechanical Properties of Ceramic Coatings Fabricated by Micro-Arc Oxidation
Authors: Li Hong Xia , Song Ren Guo , Zhao J.
Published: March 2009

Al2O3 ceramic coatings were directly prepared on 6063 aluminum alloy in borate
electrolytes by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique. The phase composition, microstructure,
elemental distribution, and micro-hardness of Al2O3 ceramic coatings were investigated using X-ray
diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and micro-hardness test. XRD results show
that the coating consists of α-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3. SEM results show that the pores with different sizes
distributed all over the coating surface. Adhesion and tribological and wear tests were also
performed. It was found that ceramic coatings with high hardness, excellent adhesion and wear
resistance could be formed.
Fabrication of Poly(diphenylsilylenemethylene) Matrix Nanocomposite Thin Films by Laser Ablation
Authors: Song Ren Guo , Yang Fang Er , Weng Xiao Hong , He Wang Zhao
Published: March 2009

We have developed a new method to fabricate poly(diphenylsilylenemethylene)
(PDPhSM) matrix nanocomposite thin films containing copper nanoparticles produced by laser
ablation in this paper. First of all, 1,1,3,3-tetra- phenyl-1,3-disilacyclobutane (TPDC) films were
deposited on 4 cm2 silicon substrates cut from c-Si wafers by conventional vacuum evaporation under
a pressure of 3.0×10-5 Torr; then copper nanoparticles were deposited onto the TPDC films by laser
ablation; finally the TPDC films with copper nanoparticles were heated in an electric furnace in an air
atmosphere at 553 K for 10 min to induce ring-opening polymerization of TPDC. The results
indicated that it is possible to fabricate PDPhSM matrix nanocomposite thin films using copper
nanoparticles produced by laser ablation. The morphology and size distribution of copper
nanoparticles can be controlled by laser ablation conditions. Also, the polymerization efficiency
depends on the size and chemical state of copper nanoparticles.
Carbon Foam with High Strength and High Thermal Conductivity Doped by Nano-Titanium
Authors: Wang Yong , Cao Ling Ling , Wang Yi Min
Published: March 2009

A carbon foam with high strength and high thermal conductivity was prepared through
the incorporation of nano-titanium particle into mesophase pitch precursor. Results show that
titanium act as catalysts to accelerate the graphitization of carbon, promote more perfect and larger
crystallites and enhance the conductive and mechanical properties. Test results reveal that titanium
doped carbon foam (TDCF) has excellent compressive strength and high thermal conductivity, with
highest values reaching 29.6 MPa and 117.8 Wm-1 K-1 for a titanium concentration of 12 wt% in
the precursor materials. More compact struts and cell walls stacked by more uniform were observed
by scanning electron microscope in carbon foam. Correlation between the content of dopant and the
properties and microstructure of TDCF was discussed.
Effect of Tin Content on the Microstructure and Property of Brazed WC-Co/CrMo Alloy Steel Joints
Authors: Wang Hsin Fu , Chiu Liu Ho , Chang Heng
Published: March 2009

Vacuum brazing of Cemented Tungsten Carbide (WC-Co) and JIS SCM440 steel using
Cu-Sn braze alloy has been studied. The effect of Sn content in the filler metals on the properties of
brazed joints was investigated. The specimens were brazed under 1050°C to 1110°C for 5 to 15
minutes. The experimental results show that the maximum shear strength is 341±15MPa for the joints
brazed at 1080°C for 10 min by using Cu-9Sn filler. Shear strength of the joints brazed at 1050°C and
1080°C increased as Sn content added to the braze alloy. However, joints brazed at 1110°C showed a
decline in shear strength as the increase of Sn content. From SEM micrographs, a Fe-Co-Cu alloy
layer was formed at WC-Co/Cu-Sn interface and the property of the layer was affected by brazing
temperature and Sn content.
Structural and Magnetic Properties of Cobalt and Aluminum Co-Doped ZnO Powders
Authors: Wei Yan Yan , Hou Deng Lu , Zhao Rui Bin , Zhou Zhen Zhen , Zhen Cong Mian , Tang Gui De
Published: March 2009

A series of Zn0.95-xCo0.05AlxO (x=0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.08, 0.10) powders with different
percentages of aluminum was fabricated using the sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD)
revealed that the Co ions and Al ions substitute for Zn2+ ions without changing the wurtzite
structure. No impurity phases were found. No clusters or precipitates of cobalt or aluminum were
found using scanning electron microscope analysis. Fourier transform-infrared reflection (FT-IR)
spectrometry was used to examine the infrared transmission properties and revealed that Co ions
were incorporated into the lattice as Co2+ substituting for Zn2+. Ferromagnetic behavior in the
samples was obtained at room temperature. As the Al content x increased, the room temperature
ferromagnetism of the samples was reduced, and when x increased to 0.08, the room temperature
ferromagnetism disappeared.
Resorbable Metallic Implant: Findings from an Animal Model
Authors: Yuen C.K. , Ip W.Y.
Published: March 2009

Resorbable metallic implant of magnesium and its alloys had been studied since the 1900s.
However, the excessive gas production resulted in its unpopularity after CoCr alloys and stainless
steel were developed. With the advancement of alloying technologies, its use as a resorbable implant
has re-emerged recently. Foreign researchers focused on the use of AZ-series and magnesium-rare
earth metal alloys. However, the corrosion property of AZ-series alloys is unsatisfactory, and the
effect of rare-earth metals on human is poorly studied. Therefore, we have investigated on the
feasibility of using commercially available AM-series magnesium alloys. Previous researchers
avoided this alloy series presumably because of the potential health effect of manganese, however our
toxicological risk assessment revealed that the exposure level would be lower than the NOAEL (No
Observable Adverse Effect Level), thus it is unlikely to cause any observable health effect on healthy
individuals. Subcutaneous implantation of AM-series magnesium alloys into a mouse model for six
months confirmed that, while all alloys tested showed slow corrosion and no observable in vivo
toxicity, pitting corrosion did not occur for AM-series alloys but was frequent for AZ91D. This
suggests that AM-series magnesium alloys are good candidates of resorbable metallic implants.
Electrochromic and Electrochemical Properties of Nickel Oxide Thin Films Prepared by a Modified Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Xia X.H. , Tu J.P. , Zhang J. , Wang X.L.
Published: March 2009

NiO thin films were prepared on ITO glass by a modified sol-gel method in combination
with a following annealing process. The XRD results show that the film annealed at 280 °C is
amorphous, while the films annealed at and above 300 °C are cubic NiO phase. The electrochromic
performances of the annealed films were characterized by means of UV–vis spectroscopy and
cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. The film annealed at 280 °C exhibits a noticeable
electrochromism with a variation of transmittance up to 76 % at 550 nm. The cyclic voltammetry
(CV) measurements reveal that the film annealed at higher temperature has better electrochemical
reversibility.
Effect of Nitrocarburized Layer on the Resistivity Properties of Stainless Steels
Authors: Su Yang Yu , Chen Fan Shiong , Chiu Liu Ho , Chang Heng
Published: March 2009

In this study, the plasma nitrocarburizing has been used to treat AISI 316 austenitic and
AISI 410 martensitic stainless steels. Treated specimens were characterized by means of
morphological analysis, surface microhardness measurement, and resistivity measurement. Plasma
nitrocarburizing at low temperature (420°C) produced a single phase nitrided layer of nitrogen and
carbon expanded austenite (S phase) on the specimen surface, which considerably improved the
resistivity property of AISI 316 austenitic stainless steel.
Polycarbonate with Pineapple Leaf Fiber to Produce Functional Composites
Authors: Threepopnatkul Poonsub , Kaerkitcha N. , Athipongarporn N.
Published: March 2009

This research is to study the properties of pineapple leaf fiber reinforced polycarbonate
composites (PC/PALF). Surface of pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) was pre-treated with sodium
hydroxide (PALF/NaOH) and modified with two different functionalities such as γ-aminopropyl
trimethoxy silane (PALF/Z-6011) and γ-methacryloxy propyl trimethoxy silane (PALF/Z-6030).
The effects of PALF content and chemical treatment were investigated by Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy and mechanical testing. The modified
pineapple leaf fibers composite also produces enhanced mechanical properties. Young’s modulus is
highest in the case of the PALF/NaOH composites. The PALF/Z-6011 composites showed highest
tensile strength and impact strength. In thermal property, the results from Thermogravimetric
analysis showed that thermal stability of the composites is lower than that of neat polycarbonate
resin and thermal stability decreased with increasing pineapple leaf fiber content.
Tensile Deformation Behaviours of Nylon 6 Based Nanocomposites
Authors: Lim Szu Hui , Yu Zhong Zhen , Mai Yiu Wing
Published: March 2009

Tensile tests were conducted on nylon 6/clay nanocomposites, with and without POE-g-
MA rubber particles, over a range of temperatures below the glass transition and strain rates 10-4 to
10-1 s-1. It was shown that the yield strength varied with temperature and strain rate as the Eyring
equation thus providing results on activation energy and activation volume for the physical
mechanisms involved in these processes. Additionally, the tensile dilatometric responses indicated
that the presence of POE-g-MA rubber particles did not alter the shear deformation mode of neat
nylon 6. In contrast, the presence of clay layers changed the tensile yield deformation of nylon 6
from the more deviatoric plasticity to the more dilatational plasticity. In nylon 6/clay/POE-g-MA
ternary nanocomposite, the volume strain response showed that POE-g-MA rubber particles
promoted shear deformation and clay layers delamination was suppressed at yield.