bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lebensraum: A Correction
Authors: Doxiadis C. A.
Published: October 2021

Dumey's remarks (Letters, 6 Dec.) on the 400-meter separation between people are correct. Unfortunately, one part of the text of my article was missing when given for publication. The paragraph in "Man's movement and his city" (18 Oct.), p. 331, col. 1, para. 1, line 8 should read, "The theoretical distance between any two persons on the earth's surface, if the whole population is spread evenly over the habitable land is 114 meters, over the whole land area is 210 meters, and over the whole surface of the earth is 400 meters.
Synaptonemal Complex Complement of Man in Spreads of Spermatocytes, with Details of the Sex Chromosome Pair
Authors: Moses M. J. , Counce S. J. , Paulson D. F.
Published: October 2021

Human pachytene chromosome pairs have been characterized electron microscopically in spread preparations on the basis of synaptonemal complex length, kinetochore position and attached nucleoli when present. The X and Y chromosomes can be followed by their filamentous axial cores from partial synapsis, through precocious disjunction and end-to-end attachment, to differentiation of a network in the sex chromosome pair.
Response
: Dopamine β-Hydroxylase Activity in Brains of Chronic Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: Wise C. David , Stein Larry
Published: October 2021

Postmortem brain specimens from nine chronic schizophrenic patients and nine controls were assayed for activity of dopamine β-hydroxylase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine. Unlike the results of previous reports, there was no statistically significant difference in enzyme activity between the patient and control groups. There were, however, significant negative correlations between dopamine β-hydroxylase activity and the time spent in the morgue before autopsy, and between enzyme activity of schizophrenics and dosage of chlorpromazine or its equivalent.
A Compound Ovary with Open Carpels in Winteraceae (Magnoliales): Evolutionary Implications
Authors: Leroy Jean-F.
Published: October 2021

"Bubbia" perrieri
, a primitive angiosperm collected once in 1909 in northwestern Madagascar, differs from all other members of its genus and family (Winteraceae) in its bicarpellate, unilocular ovary. Moreover, its inflorescences are terminal, and its development is partially sympodial. It therefore represents the survivor of a previously undetected evolutionary line that should be accorded at least subfamilial status. If so, Winteraceae might, more likely than previously, be considered as allied to Canellaceae, a group of primitive angiosperms that has an ovary of
"Bubbia" perrieri
type and is specialized in some other respects.
Correction
Authors: Ruben S. M. , Dillon P. J. , Schreck R. , Henkel T. , Chen C.-H. , Maher M. , Baeuerle P. A. , Rosen C. A.
Published: October 2021

The sequence reported in our 22 March 1991 report "Isolation of a
rel
-related human cDNA that potentially encodes the 65-kD subunit of NF-κB" [
Science
251, 1490 (1991)], contained some errors. Resequencing under strong denaturing conditions revealed three insertions at nucleotide positions 1194, 1212, and 1220, which changed the AA sequence from RSAR-PRLGP to QISQASALAP (residues 372 to 380), thus accounting for some of the divergence in this region. A corrected sequence has been sent to GenBank.
Correction
Authors: Gurney Mark E.
Published: October 2021

In the report "Motor neuron degeneration in mice that express a human Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase mutation" by M. E. Gurney
et al.
(17 June 1994, p. 1772)(1), a systematic, 10-fold error was made in calculating the dilutions of brain extract used for determinations of total brain superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity shown in column 6 of table 1 (p. 1774). Each value reported should have been reduced by that factor, for example, the total SOD activity reported for the G1 line should have been 4.26 ± 0.2 SOD (U)/total protein (μg), not 42.6 ± 2.1 U/μg, and so forth.
Joseph Young Bergen
Authors: Hall Edwin H.
Published: October 2021

To the Editor of SCIENCE: In my paper in memory of Joseph Young Bergen, which appeared in SCIENCE, January 4, 1918, I stated that he was the son of a clergyman. I am now informed by Mrs. Bergen that this statement is incorrect.
Percutaneous management of paravalvular leaks
Authors: Giblett Joel P , Williams Lynne K , Moorjani Narain , Calvert Patrick A
Published: October 2021

Paravalvular leak (PVL) is a challenging complication of valve replacement surgery that can cause heart failure and haemolysis. Surgical repair is the traditional treatment for severe, symptomatic PVL, but many patients with PVL fall into high-risk categories for redo surgery. Percutaneous techniques for closure of PVL have been increasingly refined over the last decade with availability of approved purpose-specific devices for closure. Percutaneous closure requires a heart team approach, with attention paid to appropriate preprocedural and periprocedural imaging to ensure a successful closure with minimal residual leak or complication. There are limited studies addressing the selection of a percutaneous approach to PVL. No randomised trials comparing surgical and percutaneous repair have been conducted. Large national registries from the UK and Ireland and from Spain have demonstrated that high rates of technical success can be achieved, with mortality comparable with surgical repair. Six retrospective studies comparing surgical and percutaneous approaches have been published. These broadly show comparable technical success between the interventions, with reduced short-term mortality among patients treated percutaneously. Long-term outcomes were similar between both treatment options. Percutaneous repair is an attractive treatment option in many patients due to its reduced invasiveness and quicker recovery period. However, more prospective studies are needed to validate its place in the armamentarium of the heart team.
The Measurement of Climatic Stress in the Royal Navy
Authors: Walters J. Duncan
Published: October 2021

Exposure to adverse climatic conditions is an occupational hazard in the Royal Navy. Wind-Chill, effective or corrected effective temperatures and Wet-Bulb Globe-Thermometer (WBGT) Values are commonly used to evaluate climatic stress and their application in preventing thermal injury is discussed. Recent developments in protective clothing, for use in hot and cold environments, and thermometric instrumentation are briefly described.
Actinomycosis of the Body of the Mandible
Authors: Smith Alec F. J.
Published: October 2021

This case report is presented to emphasise the importance of including the chronic granulomatous infections in the differential diagnosis of delayed post-extraction healing, and to show that to await natural exfoliation of the sequestrum would have been unwise in this instance.
Instability of the Knee Joint and its Correction
Authors: Jones B. Victor
Published: October 2021

The management of ruptures of the medial and cruciate ligaments of the knee is discussed. The importance of capsular damage and consequent rotational instability in combined ruptures of the medial and anterior cruciate ligament is emphasised. Direct suture repair of ruptured cruciate ligaments is often impossible, and intra-articular procedures to provide a replacement for the ligament are complicated and have proved disappointing.

The importance of capsular laxity is emphasised and two new operations to correct this are described. One is a simple medial capsular advancement to correct minor rotational instability: the other is a reinforcement of the capsule with strips taken from each side of the ligamentum patellae. These operations are simple and initial results have been promising.
Management of Large Circumferential Burns
Authors: Walters J. Duncan , Watt James
Published: October 2021

Major circumferential burns in naval hospitals and ships are best treated by exposure. Attempts to achieve an early biological seal are frequently defeated by the difficulties of maintaining a clean, dry surface on weight-bearing areas. The principles underlying modern efforts to overcome this problem are described together with the results of tests carried out at the Institute of Naval Medicine on a new force-ventilated, warm-air bed.
Microbiological Studies in Submarines Ecology of Meningococci in Symptomless Carriers
Authors: Marsden P. H. , Fallon R. J. , Larsen R. T.
Published: October 2021

Bacteriological surveys of the crews of both Royal Navy and United States nuclear submarine crews, who were engaged in extended patrols in an isolated environment, revealed an unexpectedly high level of nasopharyngeal meningococci when selective med’a was used and an, as yet, unexplained increase in the level of resistance of the organism to sulphadiazine during the period of patrol.

Results from British and United States personnel showed very similar carrier rates, with the exceptions of ant’genic groups and sulphadiazine sensitivity.
The Incidence and Epidemiology of Tinea Pedis in the Crew of a Nuclear Submarine
Authors: Catterall M. D.
Published: October 2021

The crew of a nuclear submarine on patrol was examined for evidence of tinea pedis. Fifty-six men (38.3 per cent) were found to possess lesions suggestive of this disease. Laboratory diagnosis demonstrated the incidence of my-cologically proven tinea pedis to be 13 per cent. A high relative incidence (43.8 per cent) of infections with Tricophyton rubrum was encountered, the overall infection rate with this fungus being 4.8 per cent. The incidence of both lesions and mycologically proven disease was found to be significantly greater in that group of men wearing heavy foot attire during the working day. In this section of the crew the incidence of infection was 21.8 per cent compared with 7.6 per cent in those men wearing only well-ventilated foot attire.

No significant bias of infection towards the users of any particular bathroom was detected and frequency of infection could not be correlated with length of service in the Royal Navy or Submarine Service.

It appears that confinement within a nuclear submarine does not result in epidemic tinea pedis and it seems probable that the major limiting factor is the wearing of well ventilated footwear by all men for the greater part of each day.
Water Soluble Myelography
Authors: Fullerton J. R. , Soutar J. S.
Published: October 2021

The technique of radiculography is described and the first fifty cases reviewed.
Advances in the Treatment of Tuberculosis
Authors: Clarke P. D.
Published: October 2021

The last few years have seen substantial advances in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis, during which time many concepts have been modified and some rejected. This review of recent advances in the field has been written to emphasise those aspects of importance to the Royal Navy.
A Radiological Follow-up Study of the Effect of Asbestos in Dockyard Workers in Portsmouth
Authors: Grant McMillan G. H. , Sheers G. , Pethybridge R. J.
Published: October 2021

In 1968 a 10 per cent random sample of men variously exposed to asbestos at work in HM Dockyard, Portsmouth, was examined to determine the prevalence of asbestos-related lesions. Those who responded at that time have been studied after an interval of nine years to determine attack rates. Among those who had no lesion in 1968 and were reexamined, 10.6per cent had developed some asbestos-related lesion but only 0.6 per cent had pulmonary parenchymal fibrosis whereas 3. 7 per cent of those with a pleural lesion at the initial survey were found to have developed parenchymal fibrosis. Dose response relationships were found in relation to occupations (potential risk of exposure), time in that occupation and time elapsed since first employment in that occupation. The prevalence of lesions among smokers and ex-smokers was almost double that in non-smokers. All those who developed parenchymal fibrosis had a positive smoking history.
Prediction of bleb formation in intracranial aneurysms using machine learning models based on aneurysm hemodynamics, geometry, location, and patient population
Authors: Salimi Ashkezari Seyedeh Fatemeh , Mut Fernando , Slawski Martin , Cheng Boyle , Yu Alexander K , White Tim G , Woo Henry H , Koch Matthew J , Amin-Hanjani Sepideh , Charbel Fady T , Rezai Jahromi Behnam , Niemelä Mika , Koivisto Timo , Frosen Juhana , Tobe Yasutaka , Maiti Spandan , Robertson Anne M , Cebral Juan R
Published: October 2021

Background

Bleb presence in intracranial aneurysms (IAs) is a known indication of instability and vulnerability.

Objective

To develop and evaluate predictive models of bleb development in IAs based on hemodynamics, geometry, anatomical location, and patient population.

Methods

Cross-sectional data (one time point) of 2395 IAs were used for training bleb formation models using machine learning (random forest, support vector machine, logistic regression, k-nearest neighbor, and bagging). Aneurysm hemodynamics and geometry were characterized using image-based computational fluid dynamics. A separate dataset with 266 aneurysms was used for model evaluation. Model performance was quantified by the area under the receiving operating characteristic curve (AUC), true positive rate (TPR), false positive rate (FPR), precision, and balanced accuracy.

Results

The final model retained 18 variables, including hemodynamic, geometrical, location, multiplicity, and morphology parameters, and patient population. Generally, strong and concentrated inflow jets, high speed, complex and unstable flow patterns, and concentrated, oscillatory, and heterogeneous wall shear stress patterns together with larger, more elongated, and more distorted shapes were associated with bleb formation. The best performance on the validation set was achieved by the random forest model (AUC=0.82, TPR=91%, FPR=36%, misclassification error=27%).

Conclusions

Based on the premise that aneurysm characteristics prior to bleb formation resemble those derived from vascular reconstructions with their blebs virtually removed, machine learning models can identify aneurysms prone to bleb development with good accuracy. Pending further validation with longitudinal data, these models may prove valuable for assessing the propensity of IAs to progress to vulnerable states and potentially rupturing.
STRANGE NONCHAOTIC ATTRACTORS IN A PERIODICALLY FORCED PIECEWISE LINEAR SYSTEM WITH NOISE
Authors: LI GAOLEI , YUE YUAN , GREBOGI CELSO , LI DENGHUI , XIE JIANHUA
Published: October 2021

The study of strange nonchaotic attractors (SNAs) has been mainly restricted to quasiperiodically forced systems. At present, SNAs have also been uncovered in several periodically forced smooth systems with noise. In this work, we consider a periodically forced nonsmooth system and find that SNAs are created by a small amount of noise. SNAs can be generated in different periodic windows with weak noise perturbation. If the parameter is varied further from the chaotic range, a larger noise intensity is required to induce SNAs. Besides, noise-induced SNAs can be generated by the periodic attractors near the boundary crisis. In addition, with the increasing noise intensity, the intermittency between SNAs and periodic attractors can be induced by transient chaos. The characteristics of SNAs are analyzed by the Lyapunov exponent, power spectrum, singular continuous spectrum, spectral distribution functions, and finite time Lyapunov exponent.
EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY OF BRAZILIAN STOCK MARKET INDICES: THE CASE OF COVID-19
Authors: FERNANDES LEONARDO H. S. , DE ARAUJO FERNANDO H. A. , SILVA JOSÉ W. L. , SILVA IGOR E. M. , TABAK BENJAMIN MIRANDA
Published: October 2021

This paper studies the efficiency of Brazilian activity sectors. For that, we apply the Macroeconophysics Indicator of Economic Efficiency (MIEE) for each sector’s index of the daily closing price in the stock market. The MIEE quantifies efficiency considering permutation entropy and Fisher Information. We divide the indices time series into two periods: before COVID-19 and during COVID-19. The overall results indicate that efficiency has decreased for the majority of stock market indices, suggesting that the recent crisis has had a deleterious effect on stock efficiency.
On the Biological Diversity of Ant Alkaloids
Authors: Fox Eduardo Gonçalves Paterson , Adams Rachelle M.M.
Published: October 2021

Ants have outstanding capacity to mediate inter- and intraspecific interactions by producing structurally diverse metabolites from numerous secretory glands. Since Murray Blum's pioneering studies dating from the 1950s, there has been a growing interest in arthropod toxins as natural products. Over a dozen different alkaloid classes have been reported from approximately 40 ant genera in five subfamilies, with peak diversity within the Myrmicinae tribe Solenopsidini. Most ant alkaloids function as venom, but some derive from other glands with alternative functions. They are used in defense (e.g., alarm, repellants) or offense (e.g., toxins) but also serve as antimicrobials and pheromones. We provide an overview of ant alkaloid diversity and function with an evolutionary perspective. We conclude that more directed integrative research is needed. We suggest that comparative phylogenetics will illuminate compound diversification, while molecular approaches will elucidate genetic origins. Biological context, informed by natural history, remains critical not only for research about focal species, but also to guide applied research.
Galvanic Corrosion of Ti Dental Implants Coupled to CoCrMo Prosthetic Component
Authors: Soares Francielly M. S. , Elias Carlos N. , Monteiro Emília S. , Coimbra Maria Elisa R. , Santana Ana Isabel C.
Published: October 2021

Dental implant systems are composed of an implant, prosthetic components, and a crown. Since the implants are made of commercially pure Ti (cp Ti) and prosthetic components are often made of Ti and CoCrMo alloys, a galvanic couple between these two devices may lead to galvanic corrosion, ions release, and even loss of the implant. This study aimed to investigate the corrosion resistance and measure the galvanic potential between cp Ti alloys (annealed microstructured cp Ti G4 and cold-worked nanostructured cp Ti G4) and a CoCrMo alloy. The corrosion resistance has been characterized by measuring the open circuit potential, the potentiodynamic polarization, the potentiostatic polarization, and the zero-resistance current. The cp Ti has been tested before and after a surface acid treatment. The samples’ surfaces have been examined by scanning electron microscopy, and their surface roughness has been measured by a 3D optical profilometer. The polarization results showed that the CoCrMo alloy showed lower corrosion resistance than cp Ti. The surface acid treatment improves dental implant corrosion resistance. The galvanic analysis showed that the cp Ti without surface treatment behaved as an anode and after the acid treatment has a cathodic behavior in relation to the CrCoMo alloy. The highest value of galvanic current was cp TiG4 acid etched in contact with CoCrMo, in pH 2 solution. The galvanic couple with the lowest current has been the nanostructured cp Ti in contact with CoCrMo alloy.
The Groundwater Geochemistry and the Human Health Risk Assessment of Drinking Water in an Area with a High Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu), Sri Lanka
Authors: Botheju W. S. M. , Liyanage J. A. , Kannangara S. D. P.
Published: October 2021

Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) has become an alarming health issue in Sri Lanka. The disease is more notable among farming communities and people who consume groundwater as their main source of drinking water. To assess the possible links between drinking water chemistry and expansion of CKDu, the study was compared with hydrogeochemical data of drinking water sources in a CKDu prevalent area (Girandurukotte GND, Badulla District) and a reference area (Dambethalawa GND, Ampara District) in Sri Lanka. Based on the results, nephrotoxic heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Pb, and As) concentrations were significantly higher in the CKDu prevalent site than the reference area, compromised the harmful consequences to the people in the CKDu hotspot. Results of the inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation tool indicated the nephrotoxic heavy metals contents including Cd, Pb, As, and Cr in CKDu hotspot were changed in the ranges of 9.78–187.25 μg/L, 0.08–0.66 μg/L, 20.76–103.30 μg/L, and 0.03–0.34 μg/L. The random distribution patterns were shown by the result in Moran’s index values. Noteworthy, the results have emphasized a strong association between fluoride and water hardness. The frequency of occurrence above the threshold limit of fluoride was 28% in non-CKDu water samples, while 81% in CKDu prevalent sites. The hardness values in the CKDu prevalent site indicated “moderately hard water,” while the non-CKDu area indicated the “soft water.” Furthermore, this paper quantified overall water quality and heavy metal contamination and assessed the human health risks associated with drinking water. According to the results of the water quality index, 90% of the samples in the CKDu prevalent area were classified as “poor water” and “very poor water” for drinking purposes, while 73.33% of the samples in the non-CKDu area were “good” and “excellent” for drinking usage. Calculated chronic daily intake (CDIoral) and hazard quotient (HQoral) of nephrotoxicants were higher in CKDu hotspot than the non-CKDu site. Besides, the hazard index (HI) values obtained for the CKDu prevalent area exceeding the acceptable limit (HI = 1) indicated potential health risks to the people in those areas. This study suggests that long-term exposure to nephrotoxic heavy metals, water hardness, and fluoride present in drinking water may threaten human health and affect kidney functions. Therefore, regular monitoring and better management of water supplies in CKDu prevalent areas are essential to determine the contamination load and reduce the health impacts due to excessive and long-term exposure to the nephrotoxicants.
Optimal Network Destruction Strategy with Heterogeneous Cost under Cascading Failure Model
Authors: Yang Fang , Ma Tao , Wu Tao , Shan Hong , Liu Chunsheng
Published: October 2021

By studying an attacker’s strategy, defenders can better understand their own weaknesses and prepare a response to potential threats in advance. Recent studies on complex networks using the cascading failure model have revealed that removing critical nodes in the network will seriously threaten network security due to the cascading effect. The conventional strategy is to maximize the declining network performance by removing as few nodes as possible, but this ignores the difference in node removal costs and the impact of the removal order on network performance. Having considered all factors, including the cost heterogeneity and removal order of nodes, this paper proposes a destruction strategy that maximizes the declining network performance under a constraint based on the removal costs. First, we propose a heterogeneous cost model to describe the removal cost of each node. A hybrid directed simulated annealing and tabu search algorithm is then devised to determine the optimal sequence of nodes for removal. To speed up the search efficiency of the simulated annealing algorithm, this paper proposes an innovative directed disturbance strategy based on the average cost. After each annealing iteration, the tabu search algorithm is used to adjust the order of node removal. Finally, the effectiveness and convergence of the proposed algorithm are evaluated through extensive experiments on simulated and real networks. As the cost heterogeneity increases, we find that the impact of low-cost nodes on network security becomes larger.
[Retracted] Information Security Situation Awareness Based on Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Technology
Authors: Yao Fuguang
Published: October 2021

The information security threats faced by enterprises are increasing rapidly, and the technology of security attacks is also diversified and developed at a high level. The application of big data technology and artificial intelligence technology in all walks of life continues to deepen. While greatly improving social productivity, it also brings certain information security issues. Security situation awareness technology has become a new research hotspot in the field of network security. Using big data‐related technologies to analyze, filter, merge, and identify known and unknown security threats is a new research discovery. This research builds a new cascaded network security situational awareness model based on the traditional and fusion decision tree algorithms. We use an induction algorithm to generate a decision tree on the preprocessed data to classify the data according to the decision rules. Research shows that a new network security situation awareness model is constructed using decision tree calculations. Compared with the traditional model, the classification effect of this model is better.
Genetic Variability, Heritability, and Genetic Advance Estimates in Garlic (Allium sativum) from the Gamo Highlands of Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye Azene
Published: October 2021

Genetic variability is the fundamental requirement for any plant breeding program to develop a superior cultivar. This study aimed to estimate the genetic variability and determine the correlation between the various quantitative characteristics of garlic accessions. The experiment was carried out in the Ezo-Otte area of the Chencha district in the Gamo highlands of southern Ethiopia and 28 garlic accessions were evaluated in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates. Various morphological descriptors were measured to evaluate the variability and correlation coefficients. The analysis of variance showed a highly significant variation for all characters, which indicates greater variability in the accession. High and moderate heritability in broad sense estimates were obtained for the majority of the traits examined. Days to maturity (28.09), bulb weight (22.33), and bulb diameter (equatorial) (21.33) showed higher genetic advance. The maximum value of the genetic progress as a percentage of the mean was observed in bulb yield, clove weight, bulb diameter (equatorial), and number of leaves. In addition, bulb diameter (equatorial), clove weight, bulb weight, and plant height were observed to be highly hereditary coupled with high genetic advance as a percentage of the mean, suggesting that they can be improved by direct selection. Coefficient analysis has shown that maximum attention should be paid to bulb diameter (equatorial), the number of cloves, bulb diameter (equatorial), bulb weight, plant height, and leaf length, as these traits also correlate positively and significantly with bulb yield.
ARIMA Model-Based Fire Rescue Prediction
Authors: Zhang Xinchen , Zhou Qincheng , Weng Shijie , Zhang Hui
Published: October 2021

In recent years, urban buildings have become taller, occupying more and more areas, frequent fires, and increasingly difficult fire rescue tasks. Predicting fire risks in advance will help fire rescue work. Therefore, this paper proposes a fire risk prediction based on the ARIMA model. By analyzing the fire rescue data of a certain place from 2016 to 2020 and based on the data from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2019, an ARIMA model for predicting the number of fire rescue polices was established. The data from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020, are used as the validation data set of the model to evaluate the accuracy and stability of the model. The results show that the ARIMA model can be better applied to fire rescue prediction and provides a scientific prediction method for the research of smart fire rescue work.
Genotype X Environment Interaction and Yield Stability in Early-Maturing Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Landraces in Ethiopia
Authors: Kindie Yirga , Tesso Bulti , Amsalu Berhanu
Published: October 2021

The study was conducted to estimate the effects of genotype, environment, and genotype × environment interaction on grain yield and yield-related traits and to identify stability genotype. At six environments, twenty-four cowpea landraces and one check were evaluated in a 5 × 5 triple lattice during the 2019 cropping season. Data were collected on yield and yield-related traits. The analysis of variance for each environment and across environments showed significant differences among genotypes, environments, and GEI for most traits including yield. Environment, genotype, and GEI showed 27.45%, 20.9%, and 49.55% contribution to the total sum of squares, respectively, for grain yield. This indicated that the environments were diverse and most of the variation in grain yield was caused due to interaction and environmental means. G24 (2632 kg ha−1) and G16 (2290 kg ha−1) were the highest yielder and stable genotypes with mean grain yields above the grand mean (2049.28 kg ha−1) and standard check (2273 kg ha−1). G24 and G16 were the most stable genotypes according to cultivar superiority, Wricke’s ecovalence, regression coefficient, and devotion from regression stability models.
Analysis of Influencing Factors of Medication Compliance in Patients with Recurrent Vertebral Fractures after Percutaneous Kyphoplasty and the Role of Family-Centered Education Intervention
Authors: Li Jinglin , Gu Minqin , Jiang Yingqing
Published: October 2021

Objective. To explore the influencing factors of medication compliance in patients with recurrent vertebral fractures after percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) and the role of family-centered education intervention. Methods. From January 2018 to January 2021, the general disease-related data survey form and medication compliance questionnaire made by our hospital were used to evaluate the scores of 198 patients with recurrent vertebral fractures after PKP in the Department of Orthopedics of our hospital. Single-factor and multiple linear regression analyses were used to explore the influencing factors of medication compliance in patients with recurring vertebral fractures after PKP. From 198 patients, 80 eligible patients were selected for further research. According to a random number table method, they were divided into the control group (n = 40) given only antiosteoporosis drug treatment and care and the experimental group (n = 40) combined with family-centered education intervention. After 12 months of intervention, the two groups were evaluated for their knowledge of osteoporosis, medication compliance, and physical health. Results. Of the 198 patients, only 65 had good medication compliance, 90 had poor medication compliance, and 43 were acceptable. Univariate analysis showed that the influencing factors of medication compliance in patients with recurrent vertebral fractures after PKP include the patient’s education, living style, per capita monthly income, combined other diseases, number of hospitalizations, and time since the last hospitalization (

P
<
0.05

). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that patients with recurring vertebral fractures after PKP with high education, living with spouse or children, combined with other diseases, frequent hospitalizations, and short time from the last hospitalization had higher medication compliance (

P
<
0.05

). After the intervention, the disease knowledge mastery of the experimental group was significantly better than before and after the intervention in the control group (

P
<
0.0001

). After the intervention, the medication compliance and health status of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. The medication compliance of patients with recurrent vertebral fractures after PKP is generally poor, and medical staff need to take targeted interventions based on the main factors that affect the patients’ medication compliance. Family-centered education intervention is an effective way to improve disease awareness, medication compliance, and health status of patients with recurring vertebral fractures after PKP.
The Absorption and Distribution of Heavy Metals of Dominant Plant for Ecological Restoration of Stone Coal Mine
Authors: Peng Lu , Luo Shuang , Xiong Lizhi , Sun Hailong
Published: October 2021

The exposed slopes formed by stone mining had caused serious problems of environmental pollution. The ecological restoration was a very effective measure to solve it. In this study, the Indigofera amblyantha Craib was the dominant species in the ecorestoration during the first two years of ecological restoration, which was based on analyzing the importance value (IV) and diversity indexes of plant species. Meanwhile, the ecorestoration process helps slow down the increase of the concentrations of some heavy metals in the substrate material; however, the changing trends of these metals were not uniform. The root and leaf were the main parts of heavy metal distribution, respectively, corresponding to Pb, Cr, As, Sb, and Ni in root and Cu, Mn, and V in leaf. It confirmed that Indigofera amblyantha Craib had an advantage ability to enrich and transfer Cd, Cu, and Mn obtained from their biological concentration factor (BCF) and biological transfer factor (BTF). The Sb, Cd, and V were the main factors affecting the IV by the redundancy analysis. These fine characters of Indigofera amblyantha Craib help explain it well adapted to the ecorestoration of stone coal mines. The current results are valuable to evaluate and extend the application in ecorestoration engineering of mining areas and other heavy metal-contaminated sites.
Genetic Profile and Associated Characteristics of 150 Korean Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Kim You Na , Kim Yoon Jeon , Seol Chang Ahn , Seo Eul-Ju , Lee Joo Yong , Yoon Young Hee
Published: October 2021

Purpose. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) shows great diversity between genotypes and phenotypes, and it is important to identify the causative genes. This study aimed to analyze the molecular profiles, associated ocular characteristics, and progression of RP in Korean patients. Methods. All the genetic variants in patients with RP, identified using targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) with a panel of 88 RP-related genes between November 2018 and November 2019, were retrospectively reviewed. All the patients underwent comprehensive ophthalmological evaluations, and their clinical and family histories were recorded. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) deterioration and photoreceptor disruption progression rates were determined based on the major causative mutational genes using nonlinear mixed models, and the differences among them were investigated using the interaction effect. Results. Among the 144 probands, 82 variants in 24 causative genes were identified in 77 families (53.5%). Most of the RP cases were associated with autosomal recessive variants (N = 64 (44.4%)), followed by autosomal dominant (N = 10 (6.9%)) and X-linked variants (N = 3 (2.1%)). The four most frequently affected genes were EYS (N = 15 (10.4%)), USH2A (N = 12 (8.3%)), PDE6B (N = 9 (6.3%)), and RP1 (N = 8 (5.6%)). Epiretinal membranes and cystoid macular edema were frequently noted in the patients with USH2A (75.0%) and PDE6B (50.0%) variants, respectively. During the follow-up period, the BCVA and photoreceptor disruption changes were significantly different among the patients carrying the four common causative genes (

P
=
0.014

and 0.034, resp.). Patients with PDE6B variants showed faster BCVA changes (0.2 LogMAR/10 years), and those with USH2A variants showed the fastest ellipsoid zone disruptions (−170.4 µm/year). Conclusion. In conclusion, our genetic analysis using targeted NGS provides information about the prevalence of RP-associated mutations in Korean patients. Delineating clinical characteristics according to genetic variations may help clinicians identify subtype features and predict the clinical course of RP.
Effect of -O- on Water Molecule Adsorption and Adsorption Mechanism of Lignite and Coke
Authors: Bai Xue , Song Yue Yin , Teng Ying Yue , Zhang Wen Lu , Song Yin Min , Wang Yun Fei
Published: October 2021

The high moisture content of lignite restricts its extensive and efficient use. Furthermore, the reabsorption of lignite is also a factor that affects lignite spontaneous combustion. Therefore, it is of great importance to study the process and mechanism of water molecule desorption and adsorption on lignite and coke (25–950°C) to achieve the clean and efficient utilization of lignite and environmental protection. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), thermogravimetric analysis, and other techniques were used in this study to explore the water molecule absorption and desorption processes of lignite pyrolysis at different temperatures (25–950°C) and the special contributions of ether bonds to water molecule adsorption. A mechanism of lignite water molecule adsorption was proposed. The results showed that ether bonds played a special role in the water molecule adsorption by pyrolyzed lignite. The ether bond content was greater in the coal samples at 300 and 950°C, which changed the trend of lignite water molecule absorption and the distribution of water (T2) detected in the 1H-NMR experiments and delayed the escape of water molecules during moisture desorption. The total amount of adsorbed water decreased first and then increased in the coal samples as the pyrolysis temperature increased. However, the maximum adsorption interactions of each coal sample increased first and then decreased. This was the result of the interactions between the pores and the oxygen-containing functional groups. Based on the above analysis, water molecule adsorption mechanism models of lignite and coke were constructed. This study offers a new approach for investigating the water molecule adsorption and adsorption mechanisms of lignite and coke.
Iron Metabolism and Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: New Insights from Bioinformatic Analysis
Authors: Zou Hua-Xi , Qiu Bai-Quan , Lai Song-Qing , Zhou Xue-Liang , Gong Cheng-Wu , Wang Li-Jun , Yuan Ming-Ming , He An-Di , Liu Ji-Chun , Huang Huang
Published: October 2021

Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a rare vascular disease with a poor prognosis, and the mechanism of its development remains unclear. Further molecular pathology studies may contribute to a comprehensive understanding of IPAH and provide new insights into diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets. Iron deficiency has been reported in 43‐63% of patients with IPAH and is associated with reduced exercise capacity and higher mortality, suggesting that dysregulated iron metabolism may play an unrecognized role in influencing the development of IPAH. In this study, we explored the regulatory mechanisms of iron metabolism in IPAH by bioinformatic analysis. The molecular function of iron metabolism‐related genes (IMRGs) is mainly enriched in active transmembrane transporter activity, and they mainly affect the biological process of response to oxidative stress. Ferroptosis and fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis pathways may be the critical pathways regulating iron metabolism in IPAH. We further identified 7 key genes (BCL2, GCLM, MSMO1, SLC7A11, SRXN1, TSPAN5, and TXNRD1) and 5 of the key genes (BCL2, MSMO1, SLC7A11, TSPAN5, and TXNRD1) as target genes may be regulated by 6 dysregulated miRNAs (miR‐483‐5p, miR‐27a‐3p, miR‐27b‐3p, miR‐26b‐5p, miR‐199a‐5p, and miR‐23b‐3p) in IPAH. In addition, we predicted potential IPAH drugs—celastrol and cinnamaldehyde—that target iron metabolism based on our results. These results provide insights for further definition of the role of dysregulated iron metabolism in IPAH and contribute to a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets of IPAH.
Research on Nonline-of-Sight Positioning Method of Intelligent Mobile Terminal Based on Intelligent Monitoring Architecture of Multimedia Sensor Network
Authors: Liu Jianjun
Published: October 2021

With the continuous development of social economy, information resources have become more and more valued resources. Based on the intelligent monitoring architecture of the multimedia sensor network, this article proposes a nonline-of-sight positioning method that can fit the characteristics of autonomous movement for the object of intelligent terminal, that is, first draw the corresponding position trajectory according to the speed attribute of the node. On this basis, according to the relative position trajectory and radio frequency signal positioning, the two-by-two positioning of position and direction is comprehensively realized, and the positioning result is obtained; the positioning accuracy is evaluated according to the positioning of the radio frequency signal, and the false positioning result of the distorted radio frequency signal is stripped out to reduce the error influences. Practical results show that the method is effective and can meet the needs of positioning accuracy.
Research on the Realization Path of College English Education Based on the SVM Algorithm Model under the Background of Cloud Computing and Wireless Communication
Authors: Yang Lijuan
Published: October 2021

The rapid development of cloud computing and wireless communication technology has brought a huge impact to traditional education methods, especially for college English education where the teaching mode is relatively simple and the impact is more than other disciplines. How to make full use of this information technology revolution and make it an opportunity for us to innovate in English education has become a topic that many scholars are paying attention to. Research on teaching innovation in the context of cloud computing and wireless communication has yielded fruitful results. This research wants to fully absorb the valuable experience of these research results, through the establishment of an optimized SVM algorithm model, and then conduct an online questionnaire survey of English majors in colleges and universities in Zhejiang Province in the form of a questionnaire survey. The design of the questionnaire mainly includes the following aspects: students’ satisfaction with English education in the context of cloud computing and wireless communication, their own comprehensive English ability, and teacher’s teaching ability. According to the data obtained from the questionnaire survey, combined with the SVM algorithm model for analysis, so as to optimize English teaching, the research results show that, in the context of cloud computing and wireless communication, college students are generally low in satisfaction with traditional English classroom teaching, but have a higher interest in the teaching innovation of cloud computing and wireless communication technology. This provides us with useful ideas for the realization of the path innovation of college English education at this stage.
Gallbladder Ciliated Foregut Cyst Suspected of Malignancy Preoperatively
Authors: Tsutsumi Chikanori , Abe Toshiya , Kuga Hirotaka , Nakamura So , Nishihara Kazuyoshi , Tamiya Sadafumi , Nakano Toru
Published: October 2021

Background. Gallbladder ciliated foregut cysts (CFCs) of the lower diaphragm are extremely rare. Furthermore, they are rarely suspected of malignancy preoperatively. Case Presentation. A 50-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for further examination and treatment of a gallbladder tumor that was detected using abdominal ultrasonography (US). After a close inspection, she was diagnosed with a gallbladder tumor that was possibly malignant. Accordingly, open whole layer cholecystectomy was performed because intraoperative US revealed a tumor located on the intraperitoneal side of the gallbladder, and a rapid intraoperative pathological diagnosis identified no malignancy. A postoperative pathological examination revealed a cystic lesion with thin walls covered with ciliated epithelium, which laid on a connective tissue with smooth muscle fibers. Based on the above results, the final pathological diagnosis was CFC of the gallbladder without malignancy. Conclusions. Cases of gallbladder CFC can be considered as cysts requiring treatment owing to CFCs’ potential for malignant transformation and high-frequency symptoms.
Correlated Proportions Test under Indeterminacy
Authors: Almarashi Abdullah M. , Aslam Muhammad
Published: October 2021

The existing

Z

-test for correlated proportions under classical statistics is applied when observations in the data are exact and precise. In the current paper,

Z

-test for correlated proportions is proposed to deal with the data having indeterminate observations. The statistic of

Z

-test for correlated proportions under neutrosophy is introduced in the paper. The testing procedure of the proposed test is given. The application of the proposed test is given using the price of oil data. From the application, it is clear that the proposed test outperforms the existing

Z

-test for correlated proportions under classical statistics in terms of flexibility, adequacy, and information. The simulation study also shows the effect of indeterminacy on the statistic of the proposed test.
Investigation on Coaxial Multiwavelength Generation in a CVD Diamond Crystal in the Near-IR Regime
Authors: Hao Jingjie , Lv Ze , Shen Yu , Zong Nan , Tu Wei , Zhang Shenjin , Bo Yong , Peng Qinjun , Xu Zuyan
Published: October 2021

Optical properties and high-order stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) generation in a homemade CVD diamond crystal with 3 × 3 mm2 aperture are investigated in this paper. The high order of the Raman laser has been studied theoretically and demonstrated experimentally. By simulating the Stokes components at different pump intensities and the divergence angles, the pump source was well matched with the size of the crystal. Pumped by using a 1064 nm picosecond laser, five coaxial wavelengths were obtained for the first time based on the CVD diamond at 932 nm, 1064 nm, 1240 nm, 1485 nm, and 1851 nm. This work provides a reference for further development of the optical grade diamond crystal with a large aperture.
The Epidemic Risk of Dengue Fever in Japan: Climate Change and Seasonality
Authors: Wang Xia , Nishiura Hiroshi
Published: October 2021

Dengue fever is a leading cause of illness and death in the tropics and subtropics, and the disease has become a threat to many nonendemic countries where the competent vectors such as Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti are abundant. The dengue epidemic in Tokyo, 2014, poses the critical importance to accurately model and predict the outbreak risk of dengue fever in nonendemic regions. Using climatological datasets and traveler volumes in Japan, where dengue was not seen for 70 years by 2014, we investigated the outbreak risk of dengue in 47 prefectures, employing the temperature-dependent basic reproduction number and a branching process model. Our results show that the effective reproduction number varies largely by season and by prefecture, and, moreover, the probability of outbreak if an untraced case is imported varies greatly with the calendar time of importation and location of destination. Combining the seasonally varying outbreak risk with time-dependent traveler volume data, the unconditional outbreak risk was calculated, illustrating different outbreak risks between southern coastal areas and northern tourist cities. As the main finding, the large travel volume with nonnegligible risk of outbreak explains the reason why a summer outbreak in Tokyo, 2014, was observed. Prefectures at high risk of future outbreak would be Tokyo again, Kanagawa or Osaka, and highly populated prefectures with large number of travelers.