bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The RSNA ImageShare — Enabling Secure, Transparent, and Easy Image Exchange
Authors: Mendelson David S. , Carr Chris , Davis Blanca “Didi”
Published: August 2022

In the early 2000s, the radiology community was awakened to the limitations of electronic media (CDs, DVDs) for exchanging imaging exams. Clinicians frustrated by the time-consuming task of opening discs, while Internet-based exchange of music, photos, and videos were becoming more widespread. The RSNA, which had extensive experience working on interoperability issues in medical imaging, began to look for opportunities to address the issue. In 2007, in the wake of the financial crisis, the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) issued an RFP to address Internet-based exchange of medical images. The RFP defined requirements for the network, including that it needed to be patient controlled and standards based. The RSNA was awarded funding for what came to be known as RSNA ImageShare. Over the next 8 years, the RSNA worked in partnership with several vendors and academic institutions to create a network for sharing image-enabled personal health records (PHR). The foundation of interoperability standards used in ImageShare was provided by Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE), a standards-development organization with which RSNA has had a long association. In 2018 and 2019, the RSNA looked at what had been accomplished and asked if we could take that next step at a national level and promote a solution by which any standards-compliant party could exchange imaging exams through an HIE mechanism.
Two-step success rate criterion strategy: a model- and data-driven partial ambiguity resolution method for medium-long baselines RTK
Authors: Hou Yanqing , Liu Xin , Zhang Haoli , Zhou Dezhong , Guo Jiaju , Li Zishen
Published: August 2022

When GNSS measurement errors such as ionospheric delays remain large, full ambiguity resolution (FAR) takes an unacceptably long time to fix ambiguities to integers. Partial ambiguity resolution (PAR), under this circumstance, is a possible solution to obtain precise positioning before FAR is achieved. PAR fixes a subset of ambiguities instead of all to improve either the fix rate, success rate or positioning accuracy according to different criteria. This contribution proposes a two-step success rate criterion (TSRC) strategy that first chooses ambiguities to fix using a given success rate threshold and then adds more ambiguities to fix by maximizing the expectation of baseline precision improvement from fixing ambiguities. Then, the TSRC strategy is compared with two other commonly used PAR strategies and the FAR strategy in an experiment with real data forming a medium-long-baseline setup (baselines longer than 15 km and shorter than 50 km). The results show that in medium-long-baseline cases, the TSRC achieves the shortest time to first fix (TTFF), which is 100–200 s shorter than other PAR strategies and 400–800 s shorter than the FAR strategy, excluding cases in which FAR fixes no ambiguities at all. Consequently, the TSRC yields the highest positioning accuracy on average. In addition, the variance–covariance (VC)-matrix of the float ambiguities is found to have a heavy impact on the TSRC strategy in some cases, and amplifying the VC-matrix before the ambiguity fixing process can partly mitigate it.
Disjunct resident population of Melodious Lark Mirafra cheniana discovered in East Africa
Authors: Finch Brian W. , Hatfield R. Stratton , Colombo Silvia , Kennedy Adam S. , te Raa Marije , Irestedt Martin , de Swardt Dawid H. , Grosel Joe , Engelbrecht Derek , Cohen Callan , Olsson Urban , Donald Paul F. , Njoroge Peter , Frahnert Sylke , de Knijf Peter , Alström Per
Published: August 2022

We describe the discovery of a previously unknown population of Melodious Lark Mirafra cheniana from northern Tanzania and southern Kenya, some 2000 km north of what was previously thought to be its northern limit in central Zimbabwe. The identification of this population as M. cheniana is based primarily on analyses of mitochondrial DNA and song. We also clarify relationships within this genus by sequencing material of White-tailed Lark Mirafra albicauda for the first time; although its relationships with other species in the group remain unclear, our analyses clearly show it to be different from M. cheniana in the newly discovered population. The discovery of a population of M. cheniana in East Africa conforms to a known pattern for closely related lark species to have disjunct distributions in southern and eastern Africa.
Perspectival Quantum Realism
Authors: Dieks Dennis
Published: August 2022

The theories of pre-quantum physics are standardly seen as representing physical systems and their properties. Quantum mechanics in its standard form is a more problematic case: here, interpretational problems have led to doubts about the tenability of realist views. Thus, QBists and Quantum Pragmatists maintain that quantum mechanics should not be thought of as representing physical systems, but rather as an agent-centered tool for updating beliefs about such systems. It is part and parcel of such views that different agents may have different beliefs and may assign different quantum states. What results is a collection of agent-centered perspectives rather than a unique representation of the physical world. In this paper we argue that the problems identified by QBism and Quantum Pragmatism do not necessitate abandoning the ideal of representing the physical world. We can avail ourselves of the same puzzle-solving strategies as employed by QBists and pragmatists by adopting a perspectival quantum realism. According to this perspectivalism (close to the relational interpretation of quantum mechanics) objects may possess different, but equally objective properties with respect to different physically defined perspectives. We discuss two options for such a perspectivalism, a local and a nonlocal one, and apply them to Wigner’s friend and EPR scenarios. Finally, we connect quantum perspectivalism to the recently proposed philosophical position of fragmentalism.
The role of methylation profiling in histologically diagnosed neurocytoma: a case series
Authors: Kalawi Adam Z. , Malicki Denise M. , Abdullaev Zied , Pratt Drew W. , Quezado Martha , Aldape Kenneth , Elster Jennifer D. , Paul Megan R. , Khanna Paritosh C. , Levy Michael L. , Crawford John R.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

To highlight the clinical, neuroradiographic, neuropathologic, and molecular features of histologically identified neurocytoma in a pediatric cohort and highlight the evolving use methylation profiling in providing diagnostic clarity in difficult to diagnosis pediatric brain tumors.

Methods

Five consecutive children (ages 9–13, 2 girls 3 boys) were histologically diagnosed with neurocytoma at Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego from 2012 to 2018. Clinical and molecular features were analyzed with regards to treatment course and outcome.

Results

Presenting symptoms included seizures (n = 2), syncope (n = 1), headache (n = 2), visual disturbances (n = 2) and emesis (n = 2). Tumor location included intraventricular (n = 2), intraventricular with parenchymal spread (n = 1), and extraventricular (n = 2). Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated reduced diffusivity (2/5), signal abnormality on susceptibility-weighted sequences (3/5), and varying degrees of contrast enhancement (4/5). All patients underwent surgical resection alone. Recurrence occurred in four children that were treated with surgery (4/4), adjuvant radiation (2/4), and chemoradiation (1/4). Neuropathologic features included positivity for GFAP (4/5), synaptophysin (4/5), NSE (2/2), NeuN (4/4), and variable Ki-67 (< 1% to 15%). Next generation sequencing (3/5) and microarray (3/5) collectively were abnormal in four of five tumors. Methylation profiling was successfully performed on four of five samples which led to modification of diagnosis in two patients and the others were either unclassifiable or confirmatory with the histologic diagnosis. Mean time to follow up was 77 months (range 44–112 months). Mean progression free survival and overall survival were 24 months (range 6 to 52 months) and 100% respectively.

Conclusion

Neurocytomas are a rare clinical entity that warrants further investigation into molecular and pathologic prognosticating features. Methylation profiling may aid in differentiation of neurocytoma from other difficult to diagnose tumors who share similar histologic features.
Monetary Policy Announcements, Information Shocks, and Exchange Rate Dynamics
Authors: Gründler Daniel , Mayer Eric , Scharler Johann
Published: August 2022

We study nominal exchange rate dynamics in the aftermath of U.S. monetary policy announcements. Using high-frequency interest rate and stock price movements around FOMC announcements, we distinguish between pure monetary policy shocks and information shocks, which are associated with new information contained in the announcements. Contractionary pure policy shocks give rise to a strong, but transitory, appreciation on impact. Information shocks also appreciate the exchange rate, but the effect builds up only slowly over time and is highly persistent. Thus, we conclude that although the short-run effects on the exchange rate are primarily due to pure policy shocks, the medium-run response is driven by information effects.
Eidetic description of consciousness, or consciousness explained in its own right
Authors: Marbach Eduard
Published: August 2022

In the context of «reassessing the relationship between explanation and phenomenology», the paper discusses the question in what ways Husserlian phenomenology as a descriptive science of consciousness has an explanatory potential in consciousness studies. It takes a very limited approach to the wide-ranging themes that may come to mind on this topic. At the center is an exploration of consciousness as an explanandum in its own right, building on Husserl's reflective-eidetic analyses of conscious experiences. It will concentrate on explicating acts of intuitive representification ( anschauliche Vergegenwärtigungen) as intentional modifications of perception, making up higher, radical novel levels of intentionality. Acts of remembering, imagining, depicting something, as well as iterations and combinations of such acts, will serve as examples. A formal notation will be used with the intention to make the reflection-based theoretical language of phenomenology more precise and easier to survey.
Democracy and the quality of economic institutions: theory and evidence
Authors: Krieger Tommy
Published: August 2022

We present a simple model, illustrating how democracy may improve the quality of the economic institutions. The model further suggests that institutional quality varies more across autocracies than across democracy and that the positive effect of democracies on economic institutional quality increases in people’s human capital. Using a panel data set that covers 150 countries and the period from 1920 to 2019, and different measures of economic institutional quality, we show results from fixed effect and instrumental variable regressions that are in line with the predictions of our model.
Quality-adjusted life years among people who inject drugs in a needle syringe program in Sweden
Authors: Kåberg Martin , Larsson Sofie , Bergström Jakob , Hammarberg Anders
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Needle syringe programs (NSP) significantly reduce risk behavior and HIV and hepatitis transmission in people who inject drugs (PWID). However, PWID are underrepresented in studies on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), representing a barrier to evaluate effects of public health and preventive measures related to injecting drug use. In this study, we investigate how well the two questionnaires EQ-5D-3L and SF-6D measure health in PWID. We also estimate HRQoL in the PWID population.

Method

Data on demographics, injection drug use, HIV, hepatitis status, and self-reported HRQoL were collected from 550 PWID enrolled in the Stockholm NSP at enrollment and at 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-up. Self-rated HRQoL was measured as QALY, using EQ-5D-3L and the SF-6D. Item response theory (IRT) was used to evaluate which of the two instruments that measure health most accurately in this population. Regression analysis was used to estimate population-specific QALYs.

Results

The IRT analysis showed that SF-6D was better suited to measure health in PWID. More specifically, SF-6D to a larger extent discriminated between persons regardless of their health status, while EQ-5D was more suitable to detect persons with poorer health. Self-rated HRQoL showed that average QALY was lower among PWID compared to the general Swedish population. However, a general increase in self-reported health was noted over time among participants.

Conclusion

This study increase knowledge of what instruments are most suitable to measure health among PWID. This is of great importance when evaluating effects of public health and preventive measures in the PWID population.
How to measure parenting styles?
Authors: Rauh Christopher , Renée Laëtitia
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we measure parenting styles through unsupervised machine learning in a panel following children from age 5 to 29 months. The topic model, which is a statistical model originally developed to discover the latent semantic structures in text, classifies parents into two parenting styles: “warm” and “cold”. Parents of the warm type tend to respond to children’s expressions in a supportive manner, while parents of the cold type are less likely to engage with their children in an encouraging manner. Warm parenting is more likely amongst educated and older mothers. Although styles reveal some persistence, the share of parents with a warm style decreases with the age of the child, in particular for boys. Children of warm parents achieve higher cognitive and non-cognitive scores at later ages. We find that the topic model estimated on different sample splits, such as by education or child age, reveal additional information while maintaining robust overall patterns.
The Importance of Different Forms of Social Capital for Happiness in Europe: A Multilevel Structural Equation Model (GSEM)
Authors: Gómez-Balcácer Lucía , Somarriba Arechavala Noelia , Gómez-Costilla Patricia
Published: August 2022

This paper investigates the effects of different dimensions of social capital ​on happiness of Europeans. Unlike other studies, a categorical principal component analysis (CATPCA) is applied to obtain the dimensions of social capital. The data used come from the ninth wave of the European Social Survey (ESS), year 2018. Happiness is modelled using a multilevel structural equations model (GSEM) by country to study the role of social capital in Europeans' happiness, when controlling for the effect of factors such as gender, unemployment, age, low income, higher education, and living with a partner. Social capital is measured as a multidimensional concept composed of institutional trust, social trust, social ties and voluntary association, civility and sense of belonging, and religiosity. Among the results, we found that the five dimensions that build social capital have a positive impact on happiness. In addition to the positive effects of social capital, the control variables have the expected impact. In a context marked by growing individualism and social isolation, the results of this work can guide policy makers in using the dimensions of social capital to increase the subjective well-being of the population.
An In-Plane Bending Test to Characterize Edge Ductility in High-Strength Steels
Authors: Khalilabad M. Masoumi , Perdahcıoğlu E. S. , Atzema E. H. , van den Boogaard A. H.
Published: August 2022

A novel in-plane bending test was used to study edge ductility in DP800 as a common advanced high-strength steel in the car industry. The test utilized the digital image correlation technique to measure the local and average fracture strain values along the edge of the specimen. In contrast to the widely used hole expansion capacity test, the impact of punch friction, contact stress, and out-of-plane strain on edge ductility is eliminated by removing the punch. Also, the strain gradient inherent to the beam bending provides a controlled crack propagation path, making crack tracking easier than the sheared edge tensile test. The proposed bending test was utilized to investigate the influence of material orientation, cutting parameters, and global strain gradient on edge fracture strain. A correlation was observed between edge ductility, material orientation, and cutting tool sharpness, while the average fracture strain was independent of the strain gradient. The outcome shows that the in-plane bending test is reliable for determining edge ductility in any desired material orientation.
Metadata analysis to explore hub of the hub-genes highlighting their functions, pathways and regulators for cervical cancer diagnosis and therapies
Authors: Reza Md. Selim , Hossen Md. Alim , Harun-Or-Roshid Md. , Siddika Mst. Ayesha , Kabir Md. Hadiul , Mollah Md. Nurul Haque
Published: August 2022

Cervical cancer (CC) is considered as the fourth most common women cancer globally.that shows malignant features of local infiltration and invasion into adjacent organs and tissues. There are several individual studies in the literature that explored CC-causing hub-genes (HubGs), however, we observed that their results are not so consistent. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to explore hub of the HubGs (hHubGs) that might be more representative CC-causing HubGs compare to the single study based HubGs. We reviewed 52 published articles and found 255 HubGs/studied-genes in total. Among them, we selected 10 HubGs (CDK1, CDK2, CHEK1, MKI67, TOP2A, BRCA1, PLK1, CCNA2, CCNB1, TYMS) as the hHubGs by the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Then, we validated their differential expression patterns between CC and control samples through the GPEA database. The enrichment analysis of HubGs revealed some crucial CC-causing biological processes (BPs), molecular functions (MFs) and cellular components (CCs) by involving hHubGs. The gene regulatory network (GRN) analysis identified four TFs proteins and three miRNAs as the key transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators of hHubGs. Then, we identified hHubGs-guided top-ranked FDA-approved 10 candidate drugs and validated them against the state-of-the-arts independent receptors by molecular docking analysis. Finally, we investigated the binding stability of the top-ranked three candidate drugs (Docetaxel, Temsirolimus, Paclitaxel) by using 100 ns MD-based MM-PBSA simulations and observed their stable performance. Therefore the finding of this study might be the useful resources for CC diagnosis and therapies.
Impact of ATC speed instructions on fuel consumption and noise exposure: an assessment of real operations in Zurich
Authors: Abdelmoula Fethi , Roeser Mathias S. , Kühne Christoph G. , Gerber Martin , Wunderli Jean-Marc
Published: August 2022

Approach operations at busy airports are louder and less fuel efficient than they technically could be. Carrying out a safe approach under fluctuating wind and weather conditions while following individual air traffic control (ATC) instructions imposes a significant workload on the flight crew, especially with the limited systems support and information availability on the flight deck today. The SESAR exploratory research project DYNCAT (Dynamic Configuration Adjustment in the TMA) aims to highlight the impact of current approach operations on the environment based on all relevant data sources (on-board operational data, ATC commands, noise measurement data, surrounding traffic and weather information) allowed to evaluate individual approach operations in their full context, exemplarily for the Airbus A320 at Zurich airport. The evaluations performed are a unique opportunity to analyse the impact of ATC instructions on fuel consumption and noise exposure during real operations. The results showed that speed instructions, especially when given early during the transition phase, lead to high fuel consumption, due to the long-time flight in low speed levels correlated to earlier usage of Flaps configurations. A mean difference of almost 50 kg in fuel burned is observed when comparing the flights with speed restrictions to those without. On the other hand, speed restrictions provide a well-defined airspeed guidance for the pilots during transition and final approach, which leads to lower usage of speed brakes and also to lower speed levels for the landing gear extension. The less speed restrictions were given to the pilots by ATC, the higher was the usage of speed brakes during the final approach, and also the landing gear deployment was performed at higher speed levels, which ceteris paribus contributes significantly to the noise exposure and noise footprint. Based on these evaluations, requirements for a novel flight management system (FMS) function, which is set to be developed in the next steps of the project, were derived to support pilots and controllers through extended information exchange, thus increasing predictability of the lateral and vertical flight profiles for both sides. A central component is a novel airborne energy management assistance system including a configuration management functionality, to be implemented through an extension of the FMS capabilities.
Mortality of older persons with and without abnormalities in the physical examination of arterial system
Authors: Królczyk Jarosław , Piotrowicz Karolina , Skalska Anna , Mossakowska Małgorzata , Grodzicki Tomasz , Gąsowski Jerzy
Published: August 2022

Background

Ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a screening tool for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). However, persons with normal ABI may still exhibit abnormalities in the physical examination of arterial system (PHEA).

Objective

In older persons from the PolSenior study, we aimed to assess the risk of total mortality associated with abnormalities in PHEA in the context of dichotomised ABI.

Methods

We used data from the PolSenior survey and matched them with mortality information from the Polish Census Bureau. We obtained sociodemographic, medical history, and lifestyle data. The PHEA by a geriatrician included carotid, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial and the dorsalis pedis arterial pulses, and auscultation of aorta, carotid, femoral, and renal arteries. Ankle-brachial index was tibial to brachial SBP ratio. We plotted the stratified Kaplan–Meier curves and used Cox’s regression to assess the unadjusted and adjusted influence of PHEA result on time to death.

Results

The mean (standard deviation, SD) age of 852 persons (46.7% women) was 74.7 (10.6) years. In the ABI < 0.9 group, the PHEA was not associated with mortality. However, in the ABI ≥ 0.9 group, both in unadjusted and adjusted (RHR; 95% CI: 1.08; 1.02–1.16, p = 0.01) Cox regression, PHEA greater by 1 score was associated with mortality. Presence of 4 or more PHEA abnormalities was raising the risk in the ABI ≥ 0.9 group to the level associated with ABI < 0.9.

Conclusions

In the older persons with normal ABI, the greater number of abnormalities during physical examination of arteries may be indicative of higher risk of death.
Fetal Endocardial Valvular and Supravalvular Calcification as a Manifestation of Anti-Ro/SSA-La/SSB Antibody Mediated Cardiac Phenotype
Authors: Bhatia Sameer , Aggarwal Neeraj , Vaidya Ashima , Puri Ratna Dua
Published: August 2022

Neonatal Lupus syndrome is caused by the placental transfer of maternal autoantibodies to the fetus. Maternal anti-SSA/Ro-SSB/La antibodies may result in congenital heart block in 1–2% of exposed fetuses. However, fetal valvular calcification is rarely reported. We report a 20 weeks fetus with multiple intracardiac calcifications, valvular calcification in the pulmonary valve and supravalvular calcification at the origin of the main pulmonary artery along with calcification in the chordae of mitral and tricuspid valve in a structurally normal heart. The mother was asymptomatic but strongly positive for anti-SSA/Ro-SSB/La antibodies. Fetal cardiac valvular calcification is an uncommon phenotype of neonatal lupus syndrome. It is important to suspect, recognize and screen for maternal autoimmune disorders even in the absence of congenital heart block.
Greener streets and behaviours, and green-eyed neighbours: a controlled study evaluating the impact of a sustainable urban drainage scheme in Wales on sustainability
Authors: McEwan Kirsten , Xenias Dimitrios , Hodgkinson Sarah , Hawkins Jemma , Clark Sam , Xing Yangang , Ellis Chris , Cripps Rosemary , Brown Jon , Titherington Ian
Published: August 2022

This study assessed the impact of introducing a Sustainable Urban Drainage (SuDs) scheme to a socioeconomically deprived area, on residents buy-in and sustainable behaviours. Surveys were completed before the scheme was implemented by 180 residents (in affectedn = 79 and neighbouring streetsn = 101) and 1 year after the schemes completion by 51 residents. Following scheme completion, sustainable behaviours significantly increased by 17% in the scheme area and by 9% in the neighbouring streets. Written feedback indicated increased buy-in from residents affected by the scheme, and from neighbouring areas. Written feedback before the scheme included: (i) Concerns about parking; (ii) Liking the scheme; (iii) Feeling consultation was lacking; and (iv) Feeling the scheme was a waste of funds. Feedback after scheme completion included: (i) Feeling the SuDs improved the area; (ii) Remaining concerns about parking; (iii) Valuing the extra green space in the neighbouring area; and (iv) Wanting the SuDs in neighbouring streets. Introducing Green Infrastructure may improve resident’s sustainable behaviours. Importantly, residents in neighbouring areas became envious of the SuDs once completed and showed increased sustainable behaviours indicating spill-over effects. The 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26) recently took place, and England is considering statutory SuDs as seen in the scheme discussed here. Therefore, this research is particularly relevant to local authorities and stakeholders who can struggle to communicate the multi-benefits of sustainable urban design solutions.
Automating model management: a survey on metaheuristics for concept-drift adaptation
Authors: Riess Mike
Published: August 2022

This study provides an overview of the literature on automated adaptation of machine learning models via metaheuristics, in settings with concept drift. Drift-adaptation of machine learning models presents a high-dimensional optimisation problem; hence, stochastic optimisation via metaheuristics has been a popular choice for finding semi-optimal solutions with low computational costs. Traditionally, automated concept drift adaptation has mainly been studied in the literature on data stream mining; however, as data drift is prevalent in many areas, analogous solutions have been proposed in other fields. Comparing the conceptual solutions across multiple fields is thereby helpful for the overall progress in this area. The found literature is qualitatively classified in terms of relevant aspects of concept drift, adaptation/automation approach and type of metaheuristic. It is found that population-based metaheuristics are by far the most widely used optimisation methods across the domains in the retrieved literature. Methodological problems such as evaluation method and transparency in terms of concept drift type tested in the experiments are discovered and discussed. Over a ten-year period, the usage of metaheuristics in the found literature transitioned from automating single tasks in model development to full model selection in recent years. More transparency in terms of evaluation method and data characteristics is important for future comparison of solutions across drift types and patterns. Furthermore, it is proposed that future studies in this area evaluate the metaheuristics as models themselves, in order to enhance the general understanding of their performance differences in drift adaptation problems.
Predicting Packaging Sizes Using Machine Learning
Authors: Heininger Michael , Ortner Ronald
Published: August 2022

The increasing rate of e-commerce orders necessitates a faster packaging process, challenging warehouse employees to correctly choose the size of the package needed to pack each order. To speed up the packing process in the Austrian e-commerce company niceshops GmbH, we propose a machine learning approach that uses historical data from past deliveries to predict suitable package sizes for new orders. Although for most products no information regarding the volume is available, using an approximate volume computed from the chosen packages of previous orders can be shown to significantly increase the performance of a random forest algorithm. The respective learned model has been implemented into the e-commerce company’s software to make it easier for human employees to choose the correct packaging size, making it quicker and easier to fulfill orders.
The relation of individual and collective narcissism and belief in COVID-19 conspiracy theories: the moderating effects of need for uniqueness and belonging
Authors: Ük Bengi , Bahcekapili Hasan G
Published: August 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic not only led to chaos and uncertainty, it also brought about many conspiracy theories. In the last two decades, with considerable amount of research, social psychologists have begun to unravel the personality traits underlying conspiracy theories. One such trait is narcissism where the need to distinguish oneself from others might be satisfied by holding beliefs that are different from the general population. In this research, we focus, for the first time in the literature, on both collective and grandiose narcissism’s predictive effects on Covid-19 conspiracy theories and the possible moderation of need for uniqueness (feeling oneself to be special and different from others) and belonging (feeling oneself to be part of a larger and worthy whole). In a Turkish sample (N = 309), we found that both collective and grandiose narcissism were significant predictors of Covid-19 conspiracy. In addition, when the need to feel special was high, grandiose narcissists, but not collective narcissists, tended to believe in Covid-19 conspiracies. Finally, we found that generic conspiracy beliefs were also important predictors of Covid-19 conspiracy theories. Our research illuminates the link between narcissism and Covid-19 conspiracy theories. Future research should look for other possible moderating factors between collective narcissism and conspiracy beliefs in the context of Covid-19.
English-Medium Instruction in Higher Education
Authors: Lasagabaster David
Published: August 2022

This Element focuses on English-Medium instruction (EMI), an educational approach that is spreading widely and rapidly in higher education institutions throughout the world because it is regarded as a lynchpin of the internationalisation process. The main aim of the Element is to provide critical insights into EMI implementation and the results obtained so far in diverse university contexts. After defining EMI and analysing the rapid extension it has experienced, the volume tackles issues such as stakeholders' views on how EMI programmes are being implemented, the impact of teaching and learning both content and language in a foreign language, translanguaging practices in English-medium lectures, and how assessment has hitherto been addressed. Each section aims to bring to light new avenues for research. The Element wraps up with a description of the many challenges ahead.
Persisting Concussion Symptoms from Bodychecking: Unrecognized Toll in Boys’ Ice Hockey
Authors: Tator Charles H. , Blanchet Victoria , Ma Jin
Published: August 2022

Objectives:

Youth hockey is a high-impact sport and can cause concussions with lasting effects. We hypothesized that important injury prevention information would accrue from longitudinal tracking of concussed players with persisting concussion symptoms (PCS).

Methods:

This case series comprised 87 consecutive concussed ice hockey players aged 10–18 including 66 males and 21 females referred to our Concussion Clinic from 1997 to 2017 and followed longitudinally by clinic visits and questionnaires.

Results:

PCS occurred in 70 (80.4%) of 87 concussed players and lasted 1–168 months in males and 3–26 months in females. Bodychecking was the most common concussion mechanism in 34 (39.1%) players and caused PCS in 24 (70.6%) with symptom duration 4.00 [2.75, 14.50] months (median [IQR]). The remaining 53 players had other concussion mechanisms with PCS in 86.8% (p = 0.113) with similar duration (p = 0.848).

Conclusions:

This is the first longitudinal study of concussion with PCS in youth hockey and showed that symptoms can last for several years. Bodychecking was the commonest mechanism of prolonged disability from concussion in boys and girls’ hockey with average PCS duration of 12.3 months but several years in some players. The injury prevention message is to raise the age of permitted bodychecking to 18 in boys’ hockey from age 13 to 14 where it is currently. In this case series, this change could have prevented the majority of the bodycheck concussions and several years of suffering from PCS and is strong evidence for raising the permitted age for bodychecking in boys’ ice hockey to age 18.
The Virtual Summer Research Program: supporting future physician-scientists from underrepresented backgrounds
Authors: Macedo Briana , Christophers Briana , Barrere-Cain Rio , Albrecht Yentli Soto , Granovetter Michael C. , Kumar Rachit , Daye Dania , Bhoj Elizabeth , Brass Lawrence , Rodrigues Jose Alexandre
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

Physician-scientist training programs expect applicants to have had extensive research experience prior to applying. Even at the best of times, this leaves individuals from underserved and underrepresented backgrounds at a competitive disadvantage, especially those remote from major academic centers. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated that disadvantage by closing research laboratories and suspending summer research opportunities.

Methods:

The Virtual Summer Research Program (VSRP) was designed to combat this shortfall by helping participating students become better informed and better prepared for applying to MD/DO–PhD programs. 156 participants were recruited from historically black colleges and universities and from national organizations for underrepresented trainees. Participants were paired with medical school faculty members and current MD/DO–PhD students from 35 participating institutions. The program lasted for at least 4 weeks and included a short research project, interactive sessions, journal clubs, social events, and attendance at a regional American Physician Scientists Association conference.

Results:

In follow-up surveys, participants reported improvements in their science-related skills and in their confidence in becoming a physician-scientist, applying to training programs, and navigating mentorship relationships. A follow-up study completed one year later indicated that participants felt they had benefited from an enhanced skill set, long-term relationships with their mentors, and connections to the physician-scientist community at large.

Discussion:

The results suggest that VSRP met its primary goals, which were to provide a diverse group of trainees with mentors, provide skills and resources for MD/DO–PhD application and matriculation and to support the development of longitudinal relationships between VSRP mentees and APSA. VSRP provides an approach that can be applied at an even larger scale when the constraints caused by a global pandemic have lifted.
University Students’ Risk Perception, Protective Measures, and General Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey
Authors: Duygulu Sergul , Kuruca-Ozdemir Emine , Erdat Yildiz , Kocoglu-Tanyer Deniz
Published: August 2022

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate university students’ risk perception, protective measures, and general health during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Turkey.

Methods:

The research sample consisted of 1920 university students. The data were collected through an online questionnaire.

Results:

A total of 56.6% of the students considered their risk of being infected with the COVID-19. The number of measures taken by students was lower than expected. Students’ increased anxiety perceived individual risk level, insufficient social support perceptions, and their perceptions of the current pandemic more serious than previous epidemics affect the number of measures they take. Students had sleep and study problems, and suicidal thoughts in the social isolation period. Sex, studying in medicine, anxiety related to COVID-19, feeling unconfident in coping with the pandemic, social support, were determined to be risk factors regarding general health, sleep and study problems, and suicidal thoughts.

Conclusions:

The results of the study showed that the measures taken by university students were insufficient and the precautions were affected by many factors. It was determined that their health was adversely affected by the pandemic. University administrations and decision-makers should consider the risk factors to improve the students’ experiences in such pandemics and emergencies.
Extreme cases for Frostman’s theorem
Authors: Körner T. W.
Published: August 2022

We construct measures whose Fourier coefficients exhibit extreme behaviour among those whose support have Hausdorff h-measure zero.
Elastohydrodynamics of contact in adherent sheets
Authors: Poulain Stéphane , Carlson Andreas , Mandre Shreyas , Mahadevan L.
Published: August 2022

Adhesive contact between a thin elastic sheet and a substrate arises in a range of biological, physical and technological applications. By considering the dynamics of this process that naturally couples fluid flow, long-wavelength elastic deformations and microscopic adhesion, we analyse a sixth-order thin-film equation for the short-time dynamics of the onset of adhesion and the long-time dynamics of a steadily propagating adhesion front. Numerical solutions corroborate scaling laws and asymptotic analyses for the characteristic waiting time for adhesive contact and for the speed of the adhesion front. A similarity analysis of the governing partial differential equation further allows us to determine the shape of a fluid-filled blister ahead of the adhesion front. Finally, our analysis reveals a near-singular behaviour at the moving elastohydrodynamic contact line with an effective boundary condition that might be useful in other related problems.
Multiscale tip asymptotics for a deflating hydraulic fracture with leak-off
Authors: Peirce Anthony , Detournay Emmanuel
Published: August 2022

This paper deals with the construction of the tip asymptotes for a hydraulic fracture deflating in a permeable elastic medium. Specifically, the paper describes the changing nature of the asymptotic fields during the arrest and recession phases following propagation of the fracture after fluid injection has ended. It shows that as the fracture deflates in the arrest phase, the region of dominance of the linear elastic fracture mechanics tip asymptote

$w\sim x^{1/2}$

of the fracture aperture

$w$

with distance

$x$

from the front shrinks to the benefit of an intermediate asymptote

$w\sim x^{3/4}$

. Hence only the velocity-independent

$3/4$

asymptote is left at the arrest–recession transition. Furthermore, with increasing receding velocity of the front, a linear asymptote

$w\sim x$

develops progressively at the fracture tip, with

$w\sim x^{3/4}$

again becoming an intermediate asymptote. These universal multiscale asymptotes for the arrest and recession phases are key to determining, in combination with a computational algorithm that can simulate the evolution of a finite fracture, the decaying stress intensity factor during arrest, the time at which the fracture transitions from arrest to recession, and the negative front velocity during recession.
Steady periodic waves over a planar seabed: a global characterization
Authors: Antuono Matteo
Published: August 2022

The problem of propagation of steady periodic waves over a planar seabed is faced through the definition of a suitable semi-analytical iterative scheme. The latter is capable of describing highly nonlinear waves in deep, intermediate and shallow water conditions. Comparisons with the existing fifth-order theories show that the proposed model is accurate in all the regimes of motion and that it does not present any of the limitations affecting the Stokes and cnoidal wave solutions. Further, it also provides a reliable approximation of the dynamics of maximum-amplitude waves. The definition of the iterative scheme is preceded by a detailed study of the geometrical wave parameters. This latter part is aimed at the definition of a global scaling for water waves valid in all the regimes of motion.
Turbulent separations beneath semi-submerged bluff bodies with smooth and rough undersurfaces
Authors: Fang Xingjun , Tachie Mark F. , Dow Karen
Published: August 2022

The spatio-temporal characteristics of turbulent separations beneath semi-submerged bluff bodies with different undersurface roughness conditions are studied using a time-resolved particle image velocimetry. The Reynolds number based on the free-stream velocity and submergence depth was fixed to 14 400. Three different undersurface conditions – smooth, sandpaper roughness and cube roughness – were examined. The results showed that wall roughness reduces the mean reattachment length, and suppresses the Reynolds stresses in the second half of the mean separation bubble. The Kelvin–Helmholtz instability is observed at the leading edge of the smooth bluff body, but is bypassed in the rough cases. In the first half of the mean separation bubble, the frequencies in the separated shear layer migrate to lower values in a discrete manner through the vortex pairing mechanism. Consequently, multiple vortex shedding motions at different frequencies are nested in the separated shear layer, and the cores of shed vortices are aligned near the isopleth of free-stream velocity. The shed vortex is accompanied with multiple vortices along the edge of mean flow reversal in the upstream locations. These vortices are influenced significantly by wall roughness. A low-frequency flapping motion manifests as enlargement/shrinkage of reverse flow areas in the first half of the mean separation bubble. The frequencies of flapping motion in the smooth and sandpaper cases are similar, but are relatively lower than that in the cube roughness case. This flapping motion is associated with an extremely large vortex shed from the mean reattachment point to the free-stream region.
Supporting Students With Disability: Learning and Support Teachers and Learning Support Teams in NSW Schools
Authors: Stephenson Jennifer , Carter Mark , Webster Amanda , Waddy Neale , Morris Talia
Published: August 2022

There are various models for supporting students with disability and their teachers in mainstream schools. In New South Wales, each school has a learning and support teacher allocation and the New South Wales Department of Education recommends each school have a learning support team. This paper draws on in-depth interviews with school staff from 22 schools, including 16 learning and support teachers, 20 class teachers, 25 school executives and other stakeholders. We report here on the role of learning and support teachers and learning support teams in planning, implementing and evaluating adjustments and on the operation of learning support teams. Qualitative analysis of the interview transcripts revealed two kinds of learning support teams: those that focus on a particular student and those that oversee the education and resource provision for all students with disability in a school. Some teams had more of a focus on administration and resourcing, while others dealt more with educational adjustments. Similarly, some learning and support teachers were more involved in administrative and liaison roles, while others were more active in supporting teachers and providing services directly to students. The most detailed descriptions of support were provided by learning and support teachers with special education qualifications.
Authoritarianism and Right-Wing Voting in Brazil
Authors: Vidigal Robert
Published: August 2022

Mounting evidence shows that authoritarian orientations exert a powerful influence on public opinion attitudes and candidate support. The 2018 Brazilian elections brought to power Jair Bolsonaro, a candidate with an open disregard for democracy and democratic institutions. This study examines Brazilian voters’ differences in authoritarianism and electoral support for a right-wing authoritarian candidate. It employs the AmericasBarometer national survey data to demonstrate that authoritarianism is politically important in Brazil because of its association with attitudes toward the use of force as well as with conservative social and political attitudes. The effect of authoritarianism on the probability of voting for Bolsonaro is as large as that of other relevant political behavior variables such as ideology, negative partisanship, or religiosity, whereas nonauthoritarian voters spread their votes across other candidates. Although these other variables are also relevant to Bolsonaro’s victory, his candidacy was uniquely able to mobilize a coalition of authoritarian voters. Whether or not authoritarianism remains a salient cleavage in the electorate is considered along with the consequences of this potential divide for political competition in Brazilian politics.
Formal Verification, Scientific Code, and the Epistemological Heterogeneity of Computational Science
Authors: Imbert Cyrille , Ardourel Vincent
Published: August 2022

Various errors can affect scientific code and detecting them is a central concern within computational science. Could formal verification methods, which are now available tools, be widely adopted to guarantee the general reliability of scientific code? After discussing their benefits and drawbacks, we claim that, absent significant changes as regards features like their user-friendliness and versatility, these methods are unlikely to be adopted throughout computational science, beyond certain specific contexts for which they are well-suited. This issue exemplifies the epistemological heterogeneity of computational science: Profoundly different practices can be appropriate to meet the reliability challenge that rises for scientific code.
Can Light Contact with the Police Motivate Political Participation? Evidence from Traffic Stops
Authors: Christiani Leah , Shoub Kelsey
Published: August 2022

Harsh, highly intrusive, personal contact with the criminal justice system has been shown to politically demobilize, but it is unclear whether less intrusive forms of police contact have any political effects. As the modal type of involuntary police–citizen contact is less invasive and more routine (e.g., a traffic stop), it is critical to understand the ramifications of lighter forms of contact. We argue that, unlike harsh police contact, light, personal, police contact can mobilize individuals, under certain circumstances. When a negative encounter with the police—even if it is minor—runs counter to prior expectations, people experiencing the contact are mobilized to take political action. Using 3 years of observational data and an original survey experiment, we demonstrate that individuals who receive tickets or are stopped by the police are more likely to participate in politics. These effects are most pronounced for individuals with positive evaluations of the police, often White respondents.
ON 2-TRANSITIVE SETS OF EQUIANGULAR LINES
Authors: DEMPWOLFF ULRICH , KANTOR WILLIAM M.
Published: August 2022

We determine all finite sets of equiangular lines spanning finite-dimensional complex unitary spaces for which the action on the lines of the set-stabiliser in the unitary group is 2-transitive with a regular normal subgroup.