bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phát triển du lịch sinh thái ở Tuyên Quang: nghiên cứu trường hợp huyện Lâm Bình
Authors: Nguyễn Khải Hoàn , Nguyễn Phương Thảo , Nguyễn Văn Hiền
Published: April 2021

Một trong những loại hình du lịch đang ngày càng phát triển mạnh mẽ, thu hút du khách trong nước và quốc tế, đó là loại hình du lịch sinh thái. Du lịch sinh thái được xem như một giải pháp hữu hiệu để bảo vệ môi trường sinh thái hướng tới sự phát triển bền vững thông qua quá trình làm giảm sức ép khai thác nguồn lợi tự nhiên, phục vụ nhu cầu của du khách, của người dân địa phương khi tham gia vào các hoạt động du lịch sinh thái gắn với cộng đồng. Bài viết này phân tích, làm rõ một số vấn đề về tiềm năng, thế mạnh và giải pháp phát triển du lịch sinh thái ở Tuyên Quang thông qua nghiên cứu trường hợp huyện Lâm Bình.
Thực trạng sử dụng ngôn ngữ dân tộc thiểu số trên đài phát thanh, truyền hình khu vực miền Trung - Tây Nguyên
Authors: Cao Thị Hảo
Published: April 2021

Việt Nam là một nước đa dân tộc nên vấn đề sử dụng ngôn ngữ dân tộc thiểu số để truyền thông đặc biệt là trên phát thanh, truyền hình sẽ mang một ý nghĩa quan trọng. Bài viết đề cập đến vấn đề sử dụng ngôn ngữ dân tộc thiểu số trên đài phát thanh, truyền hình ở các tỉnh miền Trung - Tây Nguyên của Việt Nam. Các chương trình phát thanh, truyền hình bằng tiếng dân tộc thiểu số của các đài trung ương và địa phương ở khu vực miền Trung - Tây Nguyên đã có một vị trí và vai trò quan trọng trong đời sống xã hội của bà con dân tộc thiểu số. Nó vừa thông tin được những chính sách của Đảng và Nhà nước đến đồng bào đồng thời cũng là nơi lưu giữ và truyền tải ngôn ngữ và văn hoá của các cộng đồng dân tộc thiểu số.
Tác động của tín ngưỡng trong đời sống tâm linh của cư dân ở nội thành Hà Nội hiện nay Vũ Trường Giang
Authors: Vũ Trường Giang
Published: April 2021

Những giá trị truyền thống tốt đẹp trong hoạt động tôn giáo, tín ngưỡng ở Hà Nội vẫn được duy trì, tuy nhiên cũng nảy sinh không ít bất cập. Bài viết giới thiệu một số cơ sở thờ tự và thực hành tín ngưỡng ở Hà Nội; phân tích tác động và ảnh hưởng của tín ngưỡng trong đời sống của cư dân ở Hà Nội hiện nay.
PERBEDAAN ASUPAN MAKANAN PADA AKHIR PUASA RAMADHAN DENGAN SATU MINGGU, DUA MINGGU DAN TIGA MINGGU SETELAH IDUL FITRI PADA KOMPI VI TANK BANDUNG
Authors: Ilona Lola , Setiawan Setiawan , Nugraha Gaga Irawan , Nurhayati Titing
Published: April 2021

Indonesia's Muslim society is obligated to carry out the fast of Ramadan. In general, the Muslims carrying out fasting Ramadan are likely to consume foods that are high in fat, protein, and carbohydrate although the frequency and amount of eating food intake decrease. The habit of eating foods wide high in fat, protein, and carbohydrate maintained until after the Eid al-Fitr. This research aims to know the differences in energy intake comes from carbohydrates, protein, and fat between the end of the Ramadan fasting (25/9/2008) and the time of Eid al-Fitr, 1 week(6/10/2008), 1 week (15/10/2008), 1 week (24/10/2008) after the Eid al-Fitr. The subject is a member company of Yonkav (cavalry battalion) 4 Tanks of Bandung, randomly selected, aged 20-29 years, already carry out month-long fast of Ramadan and in a healthy condition. The type of this research is a descriptive longitudinal. Food intake at the end of the fast of Ramadan (25/9/2008), 1 week (6/10/2008), 1 week (15/10/2008), 1 week (24/10/2008) after the Eid al-Fitr is recorded using the 24-hour recall. The data obtained are then processed to obtain data regarding the percentage of total energy intake, the intake of energy comes from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The results showed a rise in total energy intake and energy intake comes from fat also decrease intake of energy comes from carbohydrates on Idul Fitri, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks after Idul Fitri as compared to the end of the fasting of Ramadan. While the intake of energy derivedfrom protein has no change.
PROFIL KOMPONEN FISIK PREDOMINAN DARI KONDISI FISIK ATLET GULAT JAWA BARAT PADA PON XVIII RIAU 2012
Authors: Akhlaqunnisa Karima , Nurhayati Titing , Sylviana Nova , Purba Ambrosius , Hadisoemarto Panji Fortuna
Published: April 2021

During the National Sports Week XVIII held in September 2012, wrestling athletes from West Java Province could not meet the expected performance; since they got only one gold and two bronze medals. The athlete’s performance usually affected by three factors; physical condition, technique, and mental condition. To achieve the best result, the gold medal, athletes should have good predominant physical condition indicators, such as muscle strength, endurance, power, and flexibility. The purpose of this study is to know the physical condition of West Java’s wrestling athletes in the National Sports Week XVIII. The method used was a cross-sectional descriptive study using secondary data obtained from the Sports Medicine Department of the National Sports Committee of Indonesia in Bandung. The data are chosen from the predominant physical condition indicator explained before, along with cardio-respiratory endurance. After that, we compared the data we obtained with the National Sports Committee of Indonesia’s standards and categorized it specific type; less, enough, good, very good, and perfect. Male and female athletes had different category systems. After analysis, we found that several predominant physical components of wrestling athletes of West Java Province in National Sports Week XVIII had not met the requirement for the good and perfect category andneeded to be improved. In conclusion, athletes should be able to get a gold medal if their predominant physical component achieves the good and perfect category.
EFFECT OF LOW-, MODERATE-, AND HIGH-INTENSITY EXERCISE ON ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE (ANP) AND SARCOPLASMIC/ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) GENE EXPRESSION IN WISTAR RAT CARDIAC MUSCLE
Authors: Aslani Averina Octaxena , Goenawan Hanna , Sylviana Nova
Published: April 2021

Exercise is one of the factors that affect cardiovascular health. Exercise has been proven to reduce the number of cardiovascular diseases. However, it is also known that doing intense exercise has an adverse effect on heart health which can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. While doing exercise, there is compensation from the heart itself by producing substances to maintain the heart to remain functional, known as cardiac biomarkers, including ANP and SERCA2a. Thus far, the recommended intensity is moderate-intensity exercise, which is optimal for heart health, but this recommendation has not been supported by biomolecular study. Therefore, this research was conducted. This study was done using semi-quantitative analytic method and experimental study design. Total of 24 male wistar rats were divided randomly into 4 groups: 1 control group (0m/min) and 3 exercise groups (low-: 10m/min, moderate-: 20m/min, high- intensity exercise: 30m/min). All groups received 30 min/day running, 5x/week for 12 weeks. The rats were terminated under anaesthesia, cardiac muscle extraction was done from left ventricle, and gene expression of ANP and SERCA2a is studied. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software with one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc comparisons if the p-values < 0.05. The expression of ANP increased but insignificant in low-, moderate-, and high-intensity exercise group of rat (0.872±0.034 vs 0.901±0.018 vs 0.916±0.015 vs 0.938±0.025; p=0.304). The expression of SERCA2a also increased insignificantly in low-, moderate-, and high-intensity exercise group of rat (1.044±0.019 vs 1.051±0.015 vs 1.063±0.011 vs 1.082±0.027; p=0.493). Different exercise intensity didn’t have significant effect on ANP and SERCA2a expression in rat cardiac muscle.
ANALISIS PENGARUH KOMPENSASI TERHADAP MOTIVASI KERJA KARYAWAN PT. ELKEN SURABAYA
Authors: Julianto Didik , Kurniawati Rohmah
Published: April 2021

Masalah sumber daya manusia masih menjadi sorotan dan tumpuhan bagi perusahaan untuk tetap dapat bertahan di era globalisasi. Pencapaian tujuan perusahaan salah satunya dapat dipengaruhi oleh pemberian kompensasi. Salah satu fungsi utama pengelolaan sumberdaya manusia adalah pemberian kompensasi dan pengaruhnya terhadap motivasi kerja karyawan.Banyak perusahaan yang sudah berusaha menerapkan sistem kompensasi yang baik tetapi belum menjamin motivasi karyawan akan meningkat, sehingga organisasi selalu berupaya mengembangkan system kompensasi yang lebih baik. Motivasi merupakan hal penting jika dihubungkan dengan pekerjaan karena dengan motivasi yang tinggi karyawan diharapkan bisa menghasilkan kinerja yang baik, khususnya motivasi yang berasal dari dalam diri karyawan. Meski motivasi internal dinilai lebih penting akan tetapi karyawan juga masih memerlukan dorongan dari luar. Salah satu faktor pendorong dari luar adalah kompensasi yang diberikan oleh perusahaan. Penelitian ini menganalisishubungan antara kompensasi dan motivasi karyawan di PT. ELKEN Surabaya, menggunakan 25 orang responden yang merupakan jumlah seluruh karyawan di PT. ELKEN Surabaya. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif untuk menguji dan mengukur hubungan antara variabel kompensasi dan motivasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kompensasi dan motivasi karyawan.
PERAN KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA DESA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA APARATUR DESA DI DESA LABAN KULON KECAMATAN MENGANTI KABUPATEN GRESIK
Authors: Waloyo Waloyo
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis Peran Kepemimpinan Kepala Desa Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Aparatur Desa di Desa Laban kulon Kecamatan Menganti Kabupaten Gresik , dan untuk mengetahui faktorfaktor yang menghambat peran kepemimpinan kepala Desa dalam meningkatkan kinerja aparatur di Desa Laban Kulon Kecamatan Menganti Kabupaten Gresik.Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui : wawancara (interview), observasi, dan dokumentasi. Data yang terkumpul dianalisa dengan menggunakan teknik analisis model interaktif dari pendapat Miles dan Huberman.Hasil penelitian yang penulis lakukan bahwa peran kepemimpinan Kepala Desa dalam meningkatkan kinerja Aparatur Desa di Desa Laban Kecamatan Menganti Kabupaten Gresik , walaupun belum sepenuhnya maksimal mampu memberikan pembangunan yang cukup baik terhadap peningkatan pelayanan, namun secara aplikatif peran kepemimpinan kepala Desa dalam meningkatkan kinerja aparatur Desa di Desa Laban Kecamatan Menganti Kabupaten Gresik termasuk baik. Namun pada pelaksanaannya masih ada hambatan-hambatan yang harus dihadapi sesuai dengan persyaratan peningkatan kinerja aparatur Desa, seperti kurang mendukungnya sarana presarana dan dukungan sosial ekonomi meskipun mendapat dukungan dari luas wilayah dan jumlah penduduk.Peran kepemimpinan Kepala Desa dalam meningkatkan kinerja aparatur Desa di Desa Laban Kecamatan Menganti Kabupaten Gresik meskipun belum efektif namun memberikan manfaat yang sangat besar yaitu terbentuknya kinerja yang baik untuk meningkatkan pelayanan kepada masyarakat secara efisien.
PEDAGOGIA DA OPRESSÃO NO ESPAÇO ESCOLAR: RESGATE DE MEMÓRIAS DE EXPERIÊNCIAS COM A HOMOFOBIA NA BUSCA DE FORMAS DE RESISTÊNCIA
Authors: Andrade Alves dos Santos Marcos , Cézar Amorim de Oliveira Mário
Published: April 2021

Argumentando que as disposições e dinâmicas escolares estão centradas na
heteronormatividade, objetivamos nesse ensaio explicitar como essas
disposições se materializam em violências no cotidiano escolar a partir de
relatos das vivências dos autores 4 como estudantes da educação básica no
Ceará. Historicamente, o aparato escolar foi cúmplice da manutenção e do
funcionamento estrutural da LGBTQfobia, tendo em vista que a discriminação
contra a comunidade LGBTQ+, tão comum nos espaços jurídico e social, não
está distante, tampouco ausente, do espaço escolar. Ao contrário, o exercício
escolar de princípios heteronormativos preenche esse espaço de significados e
violências simbólicas contra determinados modos de vida desde sempre
exposto à precariedade e à violência. Argumentamos a favor da abordagem de
assuntos ligados à sexualidade, gênero e, principalmente, direitos humanos na
educação formal, como estratégia que desestabilize os regimes de opressão na escola pública e garanta minimamente uma educação que contribua para uma
sociedade mais justa e equitativa.
China y sus políticas con América Latina durante el siglo XX
Authors: Naranjo Navas Christian Paúl , Naranjo Navas Andrés David , Naranjo Navas Bryan Josué
Published: April 2021

Este ensayo analiza los intereses políticos y económicos primarios de China en América Latina, tomando en cuenta como punto focal las inversiones chinas en los sectores estratégicos en Venezuela, Brasil, Argentina y Ecuador. El ensayo llega a tres conclusiones: primera, el crecimiento de la influencia de China en la región fue posible por el retiro político de los Estados Unidos; segunda, la creciente necesidad de China de suministrar a sus industrias de materias primas; y, tercera, la generación de deudores que estarían vinculados a China por muchos años.
Los Determinantes de la Inversión Extranjera Directa en el Ecuador: Análisis Empírico del Periodo 2002-2017
Authors: Rivera Mauricio , Solórzano Jimenez Daniel , Pulgar Karol , Naranjo Navas Christian Paúl
Published: April 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar los determinantes que estimulan la inversión extranjera directa (IED) en Ecuador entre 2002 y 2017.  Mediante estimaciones de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios y un modelo de vectores autorregresivos (VAR) se comprueba empíricamente que el grado de apertura de la economía y la productividad del trabajo se relacionan positivamente con la IED, lo que indica que las inversiones de las empresas transnacionales (ET) están orientadas a la estrategia de búsqueda de mercados y eficiencia. Mientras tanto, fueron menos importantes el producto interno bruto, la inflación el tipo de cambio real y el costo laboral.
Teachers’ beliefs in providing education to indigenous learners: meaning, context and purpose
Authors: Gomez Angelie M. C. , Bidad Wilfred D.
Published: April 2021

This study determined the beliefs of teachers teaching Bagobo- Tagabawa learners in five remote secondary schools in Davao del Sur. It sought to understand beliefs as well as the factors that shaped these beliefs. Sentiment analysis was also done to further understand the nature of these beliefs. Using convergent parallel mixed method, the researcher conducted a survey to 48 teachers, 3 sets of focus group discussions and 14 in-depth interviews. Results indicated that the teachers held both learner- centered and non- learner centered beliefs about learners and learning and teaching. They also portrayed roles in the classroom as educator, counsellor, controller, resource provider, second parents and learners. Cultural context, institutional context, self- awareness, self- reflection and personal beliefs, prior experiences, teacher education preparation and learners’ needs, interest and performance were the factors that shaped teachers’ beliefs. Teachers and IP learners conveyed the following sentiments: angry, anticipation, disgust, fear, joy, sadness surprise and trust during the interviews.
Gestión de la información y comunicación en hospitales públicos: una revisión de literatura
Authors: Santellán Pinedo Karla Andrea , Palomino Alvarado Gabriela del Pilar , Vargas Guzmán Franz Jhonn
Published: April 2021

La investigación tuvo como objetivo conocer los pilares fundamentales para la gestión de la información y comunicación en hospitales públicos, la cual se desarrolló mediante el método de revisión bibliográfica de diversos artículos científicos en español, inglés y portugués, tomando como criterio la selección de estudios con antigüedad no mayor a cinco años; las cuales se encuentran disponibles en la base de datos como Dialnet, SciELO, PubMed, ResearchGate y Redalyc. Proceso que consistió en realizar un análisis de coherencia y similitud de contenido, logrando obtener como resultados que los 30 articulo estudiados. Como evidencia de ello, se ha logrado identificar cuatro ejes principales, como son las herramientas de comunicación, además de las estrategias de comunicación, las características de comunicación para mantener los registros seguros, por último, y no menos importante el eje denominado competencias digitales. Logrando concluir que, la gestión de la información y comunicación presenta diversas características fundamentales para el desarrollo de los procedimientos hospitalarios, por tanto, se caracterizan por ser utilices, fáciles, seguros y confiables.
KINERJA KARYAWAN DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PENGOLAHAN BUAH SAWIT PADA PABRIK PT. SDK 1 DESA BATU BUIL KECAMATAN BELIMBING KABUPATEN MELAWI
Authors: - Darmansah , Asrori Imam
Published: April 2021

Kinerja karyawan mempunyai peran penting didalam upaya meningkatkan outputproduksi pada sebuah perusahaan. Hal ini berkaitan dengan keputusan perencanaan yang akan diambilperusahaan, yang terkait dengan kinerja karyawannya. Di Pabrik Minyak Kelapa Sawit PT. SDK 1Batu Buil Kecamatan Belimbing Kabupaten Melawi melakukan penilaian kinerja kepada parakaryawannya dengan indikator yang disertai dengan Sistem Operasional Prosedur yang telah dibuatkanoleh manajemen perusahan sehingga lebih mempermudah bagi pimpinan Pabrik didalam memberikanpenilaian terhadap kinerja karyawannya. Penilaian Kinerja terhadap karyawannya dengan melihatkriteria kinerja karyawan, Namun pada tataran pelaksanaannya SOP dan mekanisme kerja yang telahdijadikan acuan kerja karyawan belum semuanya dapat dijalankan oleh karyawan pabrik PT. SDK1 Batu Buil Kecamatan Belimbing.
PELAYANAN ADMINISTRASI DI KANTOR KELURAHAN
Authors: Oktafiyana SR Shelly , Apriani Gradila
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan Pelayanan Administrasi pada KantorKelurahan Kapuas Kiri Hilir Kabupaten Sintang dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya, dan kegunaandari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memperkayakhasanah kajian tentang Kinerja Pemerintah Kelurahan,sertadiharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi kepada Pemerintah Kabupaten Sintang dalam mewujudkanpelayanan Pemerintah Kelurahan yang baik, yang memenuhi aspirasi,tuntutan dan kebutuhan masyarakat.Hasil penelitian ini mengenai kualitas pelayanan publik pada Kantor Kelurahan Kapuas Kiri Hilir KabupatenSintang berdasarkan penelitian dengan menggunakan indikator standar prosedur pelayanan sudah sesuaidengan kebijakan penyelenggaraan administrasi terpadu. Berdasarkan penelitian dengan menggunakanindikator kompetensi petugas pelayanan perlu adanya peningkatan kualitas khususnya kompetensi dalampengaplikasian IT. Berdasarkan dengan menggunakan indikator sarana dan prasarana pelayanan perluadanya kebijakan dengan pengadaan fasilitas sarana prasarana guna menunjang kelancaran pelaksanaankegiatan pelayanan. Berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas pelayananpublik dalam bidang pelayanan administrasi kependudukan di Kantor Kelurahan Kapuas Kiri Hilir KabupatenSintang sudah cukup baik, untuk itu tentunya perlu adanya peningkatan kualitas pelayanan dalampenyelenggaraan pemerintahan.
الاوامر الالهية الموجهة لأنبيائه (عليهم السلام)
Authors: حسن ايناس عبد
Published: April 2021

ان الله تعالى هو الذي خلق جميع المخلوقات ، والذي بيده الموت والحياة وان كل هذه المخلوقات تحتاج الى اوامر ، وهذه الاوامر الالهية وجهها الله لعبادة بوساطة انبياءه ( عليهم السلام) فكانوا هم اول المستسلمين والمنقادين لأوامره ، فجاءت الآيات الكريمة مخاطبة للأنبياء واقوامهم بشكل عام ولنبينا محمد () بشكل خاص. اما عن المضمون البحثي فقد جاءت مادته مقسمة الى ثلاثة مباحث تسبقها مقدمة وتتلوها خاتمة تضمنت اهم النتائج التي توصلت اليها في هذه الدراسة ومن ثم اوردت قائمة المصادر والمراجع فتضمن المبحث الاول مطلبين: المطلب الاول: الامر بالعبادة لله تعالى مخاطباً النبي محمد (). المطلب الثاني : الامر بعبادة الله تعالى مخاطباً النبي عيسى (). اما المبحث الثاني : تضمن مطلبين : المطلب الاول : الامر بالدخول في الاسلام مخاطباً النبي محمد () ، والمطلب الثاني : الامر بالدخول في الاسلام مخاطباً النبي نوح ().اما البحث الثالث، فقد تضمن الامر باتباع العدل والاستقامة وكان على مطلبين المطلب الاول : امر النبي محمد () بالاستجابة لكل الاوامر. المطلب الثاني : امر النبي () باتباع العدل والاستقامة. الخاتمة: المصادر والمراجع الكلمات المفتاحية: الامر بعبادة الله تعالى – الامر بالدخول في الاسلام – الامر بالتكليف واتباع العدل والاستقامة.
حكم تولى المرأة للقضاء وموقف القانون من ذلك
Authors:   كلية العلوم الإسلامية/ الدراسات العليا – قسم الشريعة, محمد رجاء ناهي , العيثاوي احمد حسوني ,   كلية العلوم الإسلامية/ الدراسات العليا – قسم الشريعة
Published: April 2021

الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على سيد الأنبياء والمرسلين نبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم وعلى واصحابه أجمعين ومن تبعهم وأهتدى بهداهم الى يوم الدين اما بعد : فوظيفة القضاء وظيفة سامية يراد منها اقامة العدل ولا يستقيم حالهم الا به دفعاّ للظلم ، ولقد اولى النبي صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم ومن بعده الخلفاء الراشدون ( رضي اله عنهم أجمعين ) وفقهاء الشريعة الإسلامية القضاء العادل وكيفية اختيار القاضي الكفء عناية كبيرة ، مما يدل على أهمية هذه الفريضة في حياة البشر . فالرسول صلى الله عليه وآله وسلمكما كان مأمور بالدعوة والتبليغ ، كان مأموراّ بالحكم والفصل في الخصومات كما في قوله تعالى :" وانزلنا اليك الكتاب بالحق مصدقاّ لما بين يديه من الكتاب ومهيمناّ عليه فأحكم بينهم بما أنزل الله ولا تتبع أهواءهم عما جاءك من الحق ، لكل جعلنا منكم شرعةّ ومنهجاّ ( )" كما ان سبب اختياري للكتابة بهذا الموضوع هو رغبتي في معرفة اراء العلماء في حكم تولي المرأة لمنصب القضاء وكذلك بيان الموقف القانوني في هذا الموضوع ، وقد أشتمل البحث على مبحثين وتوصية وخاتمة ، فضلاّ عن قائمة المصادر والمراجع
اللزوم والتعدي في سورة (عبس)/دراسة نحوية دلالية
Authors:   وزارة التربية/ مديرية تربية ديالى معهد الفنون الجميلة للبنين, العبيدي ستار فليح حسن
Published: April 2021

يهدف البحث إلى إبراز الدلالة والتركيب وتنوع المعاني والسياق القرآني في الأفعال اللازمة والمتعدية في سورة (عبس) . يتكون هذا البحث : من تمهيد ، ومبحثين تناول الباحث في التمهيد أهمية ظاهرة اللزوم والتعدي وعلامات الفعل اللازم وبنية الفعل وضوابطه ، وطرق التعدي وأقسامه وعلاماته . أما المبحث الأول : تناول الباحث الأفعال اللازمة في سورة عبس دراسة تطبيقية من حيث التركيب النحوي والدراسة الدلالية المعجمية والتفسيرية والسياق القرآني والقراءات القرآنية . أما المبحث الثاني : تناول الباحث الأفعال المتعدية في سورة (عبس) دراسة تطبيقية من حيث التركيب النحوي والدراسة الدلالية المعجمية والتفسيرية والسياق القرآني والقراءات القرآنية والخروج بنتائج مفيدة
أبو ٍإسحاق الزوالي(ت 616هـ) حياته وما تبقى من شعره
Authors:   جامعة بغداد/كلية العلوم الإسلامية قسم اللغة العربية, برهان صفاء عبد الله
Published: April 2021

هذا البحث هو تعريف بالشاعر الأندلسي، أبو إسحاق الزوالي الذي ضاعت أكثر أخباره وأشعاره، أسوة بالكثير من شعراء الأندلس الذين لم يبقَ من آثارهم إلا القليل اليسير، فجاءت مفردات هذا البحث خطوةً أولى في ذكر معالم حياة ذلك الشاعر، ثم توثيق ما وصل إلينا من شعره، بحسب ما سار عليه صناع الدواوين الشعرية، تمهد لما بعدها إن قدر الله تعالى اكتشاف أسفار أندلسية من دواوين ومختارات شعرية؛ لتكتمل به حلقة من حلقات الإرث الأندلسي المفقود.
التداولية في الفكر الغربي والعربي/ مختارات من قصائد موسوعة الفاطميات مثالاً
Authors:   كلية العلوم الاسلامية / جامعة بغداد/ قسم العقيدة والفكر الاسلامي, حالوب رسول محمد , ابراهيم بشرى محمود ,   كلية العلوم الاسلامية / جامعة بغداد/ قسم العقيدة والفكر الاسلامي
Published: April 2021

يحاول هذا البحث نفض الغبار بشكل مختصر عن مفهوم التداولية في البلاغة العربية التي لم تفهم الا في ظل اللسانيات الغربية الحديثة بدءاً من تعريفها ( مطابقة الكلام لمقتضى الحال مع فصاحته ) الذي يحوي عناصر العملية الابداعية برمتها مثلما اظهرته هذه الدراسة الموجزة ، وذلك في الفصل الاول الذي وسم بـ ( التداولية في الفكر الغربي والعربي ) ، وكنا قد بدأناه بالتداولية في الفكر الغربي في المبحث الأول في محاولة لإبراز المفاهيم الغربية لهذا المصطلح لنتمكن من استشفاف أصالتها في التراث البلاغي العربي الذي أتى تالياً في المبحث الثاني (التداولية في الفكر العربي)، موضحين ملائمة هذا المصطلح للبلاغة العربية من دون سواه من الترجمات الأُخرى . وكان لا بُدَّ من تطبيق هذه المفاهيم على نصوص سواء أكانت شعرية أم نثرية، فوقع اختيارنا على موسوعة شعرية بِكر لم يسبق لأحد ـ على حدِّ اطلاعنا ـ أن تناول قصائدها وهي موسوعة الفاطميات. فحاول الفصل الثاني تقديم تطبيقات التداولية على هذه القصائد تحت عنوان ( تطبيق مفاهيم التداولية على مختارات من قصائد موسوعة الفاطميات ) ، ونهض على مبحثين: المبحث الأول: مفاهيم التداولية في الخبر . المبحث الثاني: مفاهيم التداولية في الإنشاء الطلبي. وتجدر الاشارة الى ان موسوعة الفاطميات تقع في خمسة اجزاء ومؤلفها هو الشيخ علي حيدر المؤيد . هذا وانتهى البحث بجملة نتائج سجلت في خاتمته .
First insights into Northern Africa high-altitude background
aerosol chemical composition and source influences
Authors: Deabji Nabil , Fomba Khanneh Wadinga , El Hajjaji Souad , Mellouki Abdelwahid , Herrmann Hartmut
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Field measurements were conducted to determine aerosol chemical composition in a newly established remote high-altitude site in North Africa to investigate the variations in aerosol composition useful in assessing global and regional changes in atmospheric composition. Particulate matter (PM10) filter samples (200) were collected at the Atlas Mohammed V atmospheric observatory (AM5) located in the Middle-Atlas Mountains in Morocco using a high-volume (HV) collector in a 12 h sampling interval from August to December 2017. The chemical composition of the samples was analyzed for trace metals, ions, elemental carbon, organic carbon, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) content. The results indicate that high-altitudes aerosol composition is influenced by both regional as well as trans-regional transport of emissions. However, local sources play an important role, especially during low wind speed periods, as observed for November and December. Despite the proximity of the site to the Sahara Desert, its influence on the atmospheric composition at this high-altitude site was mainly seasonal and accounted for only 14 % of the sampling duration. Background conditions at this remote site are characterized by low wind speeds (Av. 2.5 m/s) and mass concentrations in the range of 9.8 and 20 µg/m3. The chemical composition is found to be dominated by inorganic elements, mainly suspended dust (47 %) and ionic species (16 %), followed by organic matter (15 %), water content (12 %), and indeterminate mass (9 %). Biogenic organics contributed up to 7 % of the organic matter with high contributions from compounds such as Nonacosane, Heptacosane, and 2-Pentadecanone. The AM5 site is dominated by four main air mass inflow, which often leads to different aerosol chemical compositions. Mineral dust influenced was seasonal and ranged between 20 and 70 % of the PM mass with peaks observed during the summer and was accompanied by high concentrations of SO42− of up to 1.3 µg/m3. During winter, PM10 concentrations are low (
Measurement report: Mass and Density of Individual Frozen Hydrometeors
Authors: Rees Karlie , Singh Dhiraj , Pardyjak Eric , Garrett Timothy
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A new precipitation sensor, the Differential Emissivity Imaging Disdrometer (DEID), is used to provide the first continuous measurements of the mass, diameter, and density of individual hydrometeors. The DEID consists of an infrared camera pointed at a heated aluminum plate. It exploits the contrasting thermal emissivity of water and metal to determine individual particle mass by assuming that energy is conserved during the transfer of heat from the plate to the particle during evaporation. Particle density is determined from a combination of particle mass and morphology. A Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera (MASC) was deployed alongside the DEID to provide refined imagery of particle size and shape. Broad consistency is found between derived mass-diameter and density-diameter relationships and those obtained in prior studies. However, DEID measurements show a generally weaker dependence with size for hydrometeor density and a stronger dependence for aggregate snowflake mass.
Annual changes of ship emissions around China under gradually promoted control policies from 2016 to 2019
Authors: Wang Xiaotong , Yi Wen , Lv Zhaofeng , Deng Fanyuan , Zheng Songxin , Xu Hailian , Zhao Junchao , Liu Huan , He Kebin
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Ship emissions and coastal air pollutions around China are expected to be alleviated with the gradually implemented of domestic ship emission control (DECA) policy. However, there is so far a lack of a comprehensive post assessment on the ship emission response after the policy implementation. This study developed a series of high spatiotemporal ship emission inventories of China’s inland rivers and the 200 Nm zone from 2016 to 2019 based on an updated Ship Emission Inventory Model (SEIM v2.0) and analysed the interannual changes of emissions under the influence of both ship activity increase and gradually promoted policy. The route restoration technology in SEIM v2.0 has greatly improved the spatial distribution of ship emissions and the river vessels (RVs) are better distinguished by using the spatial frequency distribution method. From 2016 to 2019, SO2 and PM emissions from ships decreased by 29.6 % and 26.4 %, respectively, while ship NOX emissions increased by 13.0 %. Although the DECA 1.0 policy has been implemented since 2017, it was not until 2019 with the DECA 2.0 that significant emission reduction was achieved, e.g., 33.3 % regarding SO2. Considering the potential emissions brought by continuous growth of maritime trade, however, an even larger emission reduction effect of 39.8 % was achieved in 2019 compared with the scenario without switching cleaner fuel. Although ocean-going vessels (OGVs) contributed to approximately 2/3 of ship emissions in Chinese waters, 2/3 of them came from ships registered in other countries. Containers and bulk carriers are still the dominate contributors to ship emissions, and newly-built, large ships and ships using clean fuel oil are taking an increasingly large proportion in emission structure. The four-year consecutive daily ship emissions were presented for major ports, which timely reflects the response of step-by-step DECA policy on emissions and may provide useful references for port observation experiments and local policy making. In addition, the spatial distribution shows that a number of ships detoured outside the scope of DECA 2.0 in 2019 to save the cost on more expensive low sulphur oil, increasing emissions in farther maritime areas. The multi-year ship emission inventory provide high-quality datasets for air quality and dispersion modellings, as well as verifications for in-situ observation experiments, which may also guide further ship emission control direction in China.
Modelling the gas–particle partitioning and water uptake of isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol at high and low relative humidity
Authors: Amaladhasan Dalrin Ampritta , Heyn Claudia , Hoyle Christopher R. , El Haddad Imad , Elser Miriam , Pieber Simone M. , Slowik Jay G. , Amorim Antonio , Duplissy Jonathan , Ehrhart Sebastian , Makhmutov Vladimir , Molteni Ugo , Rissanen Matti , Stozhkov Yuri , Wagner Robert , Hansel Armin , Kirkby Jasper , Donahue Neil M. , Volkamer Rainer , Baltensperger Urs , Gysel-Beer Martin , Zuend Andreas
Published: April 2021

Abstract. This study presents a characterization of the hygroscopic growth behaviour and effects of different inorganic seed particles on the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) from the dark ozone-initiated oxidation of isoprene at low NOx conditions. We performed simulations of isoprene oxidation using a gas-phase chemical reaction mechanism based on the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) in combination with an equilibrium gas–particle partitioning model to predict the SOA concentration. The equilibrium model accounts for non-ideal mixing in liquid phases, including liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS), and is based on the AIOMFAC model for mixture non-ideality and the EVAPORATION model for pure compound vapour pressures. Measurements from the Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets (CLOUD) chamber experiments conducted at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) for isoprene ozonolysis cases, were used to aid in parameterizing the SOA yields at different atmospherically relevant temperatures, relative humidity (RH) and reacted isoprene concentrations. To represent the isoprene ozonolysis-derived SOA, a selection of organic surrogate species is introduced in the coupled modelling system. The model predicts a single, homogeneously mixed particle phase at all relative humidity levels for SOA formation in the absence of any inorganic seed particles. In the presence of aqueous sulfuric acid or ammonium bisulfate seed particles, the model predicts LLPS to occur below ~80 % RH, where the particles consist of an inorganic-rich liquid phase and an organic-rich liquid phase; however, with significant amounts of bisulfate and water partitioned to the organic-rich phase. The measurements show an enhancement in the SOA amounts at 85 % RH compared to 35 % RH for both the seed-free and seeded cases. The model predictions of RH-dependent SOA yield enhancements at 85 % RH vs. 35 % RH are 1.80 for a seed-free case, 1.52 for the case with ammonium bisulfate seed and 1.06 for the case with sulfuric acid seed. Predicted SOA yields are enhanced in the presence of an aqueous inorganic seed, regardless of the seed type (ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate or sulfuric acid) in comparison with seed-free conditions at the same RH level. We discuss the comparison of model-predicted SOA yields with a selection of other laboratory studies on isoprene SOA formation conducted at different temperatures and for a variety of reacted isoprene concentrations.
Combining POLDER-3 satellite observations and WRF-Chem numerical simulations to derive biomass burning aerosol properties over the Southeast Atlantic region
Authors: Siméon Alexandre , Waquet Fabien , Péré Jean-Christophe , Ducos Fabrice , Thieuleux François , Peers Fanny , Turquety Solène , Chiapello Isabelle
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Aerosol absorption is a key property to assess the radiative impacts of aerosols on climate at both global and regional scales. The aerosol physico-chemical and optical properties remain not sufficiently constrained in climate models, with difficulties to properly represent both the aerosol load and their absorption properties in clear and cloudy scenes, especially for absorbing biomass burning aerosols (BBA). In this study we focus on biomass burning (BB) particle plumes transported above clouds over the Southeast Atlantic (SEA) region off the southwest coast of Africa, in order to improve the representation of their physico-chemical and absorption properties. The methodology is based on aerosol regional numerical simulations from the WRF-Chem coupled meteorology-chemistry model combined with a detailed inventory of BB emissions and various sets of innovative aerosol remote sensing observations, both in clear and cloudy skies from the POLDER-3/PARASOL space sensor. Current literature indicates that some organic aerosol compounds (OC) called "brown carbon" (BrOC), primarily emitted by biomass combustion absorb the ultraviolet-blue radiation more efficiently than pure black carbon (BC). We exploit this specificity by comparing the spectral dependence of the aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA) derived from the POLDER-3 satellite observations in the 443–1020 nm wavelength range with the SSA simulated for different proportions of BC, OC and BrOC at the source level, considering the homogeneous internal mixing state of particles. These numerical simulation experiments are based on two main constraints: maintaining a realistic aerosol optical depth both in clear and above cloudy scenes and a realistic BC/OC mass ratio. Modelling experiments are presented and discussed to link the chemical composition with the absorption properties of BBA and to provide estimates of the relative proportions of black, organic and brown carbon in the African BBA plumes transported over the SEA region for July 2008. The absorbing fraction of organic aerosols in the BBA plumes, i.e., BrOC, is estimated at 2 to 3 %. The simulated mean SSA are 0.81 (565 nm) and 0.84 (550 nm) in clear and above cloudy scenes respectively, in good agreement with those retrieved by POLDER-3 (0.85 ± 0.05 at 565 nm in clear-sky and at 550 nm above clouds) for the studied period.
Ionospheric response to solar extreme ultraviolet radiation variations: comparison based on CTIPe model simulations and satellite measurements
Authors: Vaishnav Rajesh , Schmölter Erik , Jacobi Christoph , Berdermann Jens , Codrescu Mihail
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The ionospheric total electron content (TEC) provided by the International GNSS Service (IGS) and the TEC simulated by the Coupled Thermosphere Ionosphere Plasmasphere Electrodynamics (CTIPe) model have been used to investigate the delayed ionospheric response against solar flux and its trend during the years 2011 to 2013. The analysis of the distinct low-latitude and midlatitude TEC response over 15∘ E shows a better correlation of observed TEC and the solar radio flux index F10.7 in the Southern Hemisphere compared to the Northern Hemisphere. Thus, a significant hemispheric asymmetry is observed. The ionospheric delay estimated using model-simulated TEC is in good agreement with the delay estimated for observed TEC against the flux measured by the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) extreme ultraviolet (EUV) Variability Experiment (EVE). The average delay for the observed (modeled) TEC is 17(16) h. The average delay calculated for observed and modeled TEC is 1 and 2 h longer in the Southern Hemisphere compared to the Northern Hemisphere. Furthermore, the observed TEC is compared with the modeled TEC simulated using the SOLAR2000 and EUVAC flux models within CTIPe over northern and southern hemispheric grid points. The analysis suggests that TEC simulated using the SOLAR2000 flux model overestimates the observed TEC, which is not the case when using the EUVAC flux model.
Field-scale CH4 emission at a sub-arctic mire with heterogeneous permafrost thaw status
Authors: Łakomiec Patryk , Holst Jutta , Friborg Thomas , Crill Patrick , Rakos Niklas , Kljun Natascha , Olsson Per-Ola , Eklundh Lars , Rinne Janne
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The Artic is exposed to faster temperature changes than most other areas on Earth. Constantly increasing temperature will lead to thawing permafrost and changes in the CH4 emissions from wetlands. One of the places exposed to those changes is the Abisko-Stordalen Mire in northern Sweden, where climate and vegetation studies have been conducted from the 1970s.In our study, we analyzed field-scale methane emissions measured by the eddy covariance method at Abisko-Stordalen Mire for three years (2014–2016). The site is a subarctic mire mosaic of palsas, thawing palsas, fully thawed fens, and open water bodies. A bimodal wind pattern prevalent at the site provides an ideal opportunity to measure mire patches with different permafrost statuses with one flux measurement system. The flux footprint for westerly winds is dominated by elevated palsa plateaus, while the footprint is almost equally distributed between palsas and thawing bog-like areas for easterly winds. As these patches are exposed to the same climatic conditions, we analyzed the differences in the responses of their methane emission for environmental parameters.The methane fluxes followed a similar annual cycle over the three study years, with a gentle rise during spring and a decrease during autumn and with no emission burst at either end of the ice-free season. The peak emission during the ice-free season differed significantly for the mire with two permafrost statuses: the palsa mire emitted 24 mg-CH4 m−2 d−1 and the thawing wet sector 56 mg-CH4 m−2 d−1. Factors controlling the methane emission were analyzed using generalized linear models. The main driver for methane fluxes was peat temperature for both wind sectors. Soil water content above the water table emerged as an explanatory variable for the three years for western sectors and the year 2016 in the eastern sector. Water table level showed a significant correlation with methane emission for the year 2016 as well. Gross primary production, however, did not show a significant correlation with methane emissions. Annual methane emissions were estimated based on four different gap-filing methods. The different methods generally resulted in very similar annual emissions. The mean annual emission based on all models was 4.2 ± 0.4 g-CH4 m−2 a−1 for western sector and 7.3 ± 0.7 g-CH4 m−2 a−1 for the eastern sector. The average annual emissions, derived from this data and a footprint climatology, were 3.6 ± 0.7 g-CH4 m−2 a−1 and 11 ± 2 g-CH4 m−2 a−1 for the palsa and thawing surfaces, respectively. Winter fluxes were relatively high, contributing 27–45 % to the annual emissions.
Increased vulnerability of European ecosystems to two compound dry and hot summers in 2018 and 2019
Authors: Bastos Ana , Orth René , Reichstein Markus , Ciais Philippe , Viovy Nicolas , Zaehle Sönke , Anthoni Peter , Arneth Almut , Gentine Pierre , Joetzjer Emilie , Lienert Sebastian , Loughran Tammas , McGuire Patrick C. , O Sungmin , Pongratz Julia , Sitch Stephen
Published: April 2021

Abstract. In 2018 and 2019, central Europe was stricken by two consecutive extreme dry and hot summers (DH2018 and DH2019). The DH2018 had severe impacts on ecosystems and likely affected vegetation activity in the subsequent year, for example though depletion of carbon reserves or damage from drought. Such legacies from drought and heat stress can further increase vegetation susceptibility to additional hazards. Temporally compound extremes such as DH2018 and DH2019 can, therefore, result in an amplification of impacts by preconditioning effects of past disturbance legacies.Here, we evaluate how these two consecutive extreme summers impacted ecosystems in central Europe and how the vegetation responses to the first compound event (DH2018) modulated the impacts of the second (DH2019). To quantify the modulating role of vegetation responses to the impacts of each compound event, we first train a set of statistical models for the period 2001–2017 to predict the impacts of DH2018 and DH2019 on Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) anomalies from MODIS. These estimates can be seen as the expected EVI anomalies, had the impacts of DH2018 and DH2019 been consistent with past sensitivity to climate. These can then be used to identify modulating effects by vegetation activity and composition or other environmental factors such as elevated CO2 or warming trends.We find two regions in which the impacts of the two DH events were significantly stronger than those expected based on previous climate–vegetation relationships. One region, largely dominated by grasslands and crops, showed much stronger impacts than expected in both DH events due to an amplification of their sensitivity to heat and drought, possibly linked to changing background CO2 and temperature conditions. A second region, dominated by forests, showed browning from DH2018 to DH2019, even though dry and hot conditions were partly alleviated in 2019. This browning trajectory was mainly explained by the preconditioning role of DH2018 to the observed response to DH2019 through legacy effects, and possibly by increased susceptibility to biotic disturbances, which are also promoted by warm conditions.Dry and hot summers are expected to become more frequent in the coming decades posing a major threat to the stability of European forests. We show that state-of-the-art process based models miss these legacy effects. These gaps may result in an overestimation of the resilience and stability of temperate ecosystems in future model projections.
Airborne ultra-wideband radar sounding over the shear margins and along flow lines at the onset region of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream
Authors: Franke Steven , Jansen Daniela , Binder Tobias , Paden John D. , Dörr Nils , Gerber Tamara , Miller Heinrich , Dahl-Jensen Dorthe , Helm Veit , Steinhage Daniel , Weikusat Ilka , Wilhelms Frank , Eisen Olaf
Published: April 2021

Abstract. We present a high-resolution airborne radar data set (EGRIP-NOR-2018) for the onset region of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS). The radar data were acquired in May 2018 with Alfred Wegener Institute’s multichannel ultra-wideband (UWB) radar mounted on the Polar6 aircraft. Radar profiles cover an area of ~24000 km2 and extend over the well-defined shear margins of the NEGIS. The survey area is centred at the location of the drill site of the East Greenland Ice-Core Project (EastGRIP) and several radar lines intersect at this location. The survey layout was designed to: (i) map the stratigraphic signature of the shear margins with radar profiles aligned perpendicular to ice flow, (ii) trace the radar stratigraphy along several flow lines and (iii) provide spatial coverage of ice thickness and basal properties. While we are able to resolve radar reflections in the deep stratigraphy, we can not fully resolve the steeply inclined reflections at the tightly folded shear margins in the lower part of the ice column. The NEGIS is causing the most significant discrepancies between numerically modelled and observed ice surface velocities. Given the high likelihood of future climate and ocean warming, this extensive data set of new high-resolution radar data in combination with the EastGRIP ice core will be a key contribution to understand the past and future dynamics of the NEGIS. The EGRIP-NOR-2018 radar data products can be obtained at the PANGAEA Data Publisher (https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.928569; Franke et al. 2021a).
Western boundary circulation and coastal sea-level variability in northern hemisphere oceans
Authors: Diabaté Samuel Tiéfolo , Swingedouw Didier , Hirschi Joël Jean-Marie , Duchez Aurélie , Leadbitter Philip J. , Haigh Ivan D. , McCarthy Gerard D.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The northwest basins of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans are regions of intense Western Boundary Currents (WBC), the Gulf Stream and the Kuroshio. The variability of these poleward currents and their extension in the open ocean is of major importance to the climate system. It is largely dominated by in-phase meridional shifts downstream of the points where they separate from the coast. Tide gauges on the adjacent coastlines have measured the inshore sea level for many decades and provide a unique window on the past of the oceanic circulation. The relationship between coastal sea level and the variability of the western boundary currents has been previously studied in each basin separately but comparison between the two basins is missing. Here we show for each basin, that the inshore sea level upstream the separation points is in sustained agreement with the meridional shifts of the western boundary current extension over the period studied, i.e. the past seven (five) decades in the Atlantic (Pacific). Decomposition of the coastal sea level into principal components allows us to discriminate this variability in the upstream sea level from other sources of variability such as the influence of large meanders in the Pacific. This result suggests that prediction of inshore sea-level changes could be improved by the inclusion of meridional shifts of the western boundary current extensions as predictors. Conversely, long duration tide gauges, such as Key West, Fernandina Beach or Hosojima could be used as proxies for the past meridional shifts of the western boundary current extensions.