bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Injustice and its Effects and Methods of Treatment in the Light of the Koran -Objective study-
Authors: Abdul   Baqi Alaa
Published: March 2023

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and blessings and peace be upon the most honorable messenger, our master Muhammad and his family and companions.

   As for after:

   Injustice is one of the greatest sins and crimes, and it is one of the worst acts that threaten society, because injustice is a type of harm that affects innocent people, and helps to demolish societies, rob people’s rights, and harm them, which generates malice, envy, hatred, revenge, and quarrels among people, The leads to the spread of corruption and corruptors, and the destruction of the country and people, For this reason God Almighty and His Messenger - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family - forbade injustice and warned against its consequences.

  The nature of the research necessitates stating it in to an introduction, two articles and a conclusion.

  The first topic is entitled Defining injustice and its Types, which includes two requirements, the first: the definition of injustice and its consequences, and the second: its types, The second topic entitled the causes of injustice and its impact on the individual and society and the prevention of it, The conclusion is               a summary of the most important results.

   As for the most important results that have been reached: Injustice is the misplacement of something, and it is intended to be injustice and exceed the limit. Injustice is considered a major sin. God Almighty has forbidden it in many places in the Holy Qur’an. As for the types of injustice, they are: the greater injustice, the injustice of man to the servants, and the injustice of the servant himself. As for the causes of injustice, there are many caues, including: distance from God Almighty, obeying His commands, avoiding His prohibitions, ignorance of religion and ignorance of the consequences of injustice and oppressors, hatred, envy and greed, conflict over money and wealth, revenge, etc., The effects of injustice are the collapse of societies, social instability, and the absence of Justice, the spread of corruption and spoilers. One of the ways to treat and prevent injustice is forbidding injustice, denying it to the oppressors, striving to support the oppressed, avoiding relying on the oppressors, and remembering the bad end of the oppressors.
The Aggravating Circumstance and its Effect on the Provisions of Felonies between Sharia and Law
Authors: Fadel Firas
Published: March 2023

Islamic Law aims to Prevent felonies that result terrifing People and scareing them , It sees the need to save the necessities of life without , It has considered the attack on the necessary interests as a crime because it is one of the Strongest Sharia . Provisions have been initiated to maintain these necessities .

        A felony may be accompanied by facts or circumstances relating to it or the perpetrator that multiply its gravity and reveal the Seriousness of its Perpetrator and entail an aggravation of the Penalty Prescribed for the crime to the extent exceeding the Prescribed Limit , in order to achieve Security and Stability among People , Any person who stop making erimes ,  infringes on Society in all forms and means or repeats the crime , he must be treated with a severe Punishment that limits his crime .

There are specific causes and circumstances behind increasing any punishment. These circumstances are excluded from the crime. They could precede or accompany it. They could also due to the offenders behavior or beyond it them affect the kind and amonnt of the punishment.
The Significance of the Actions of the Hypocrites Towards The Messenger In The Holy Quran Present Tense As A Model
Authors: Ali Intisar , Ismail Mona
Published: March 2023

This study is set to be focused on semantics as one of the pillars  of linguistics, yet. It is an attempt to uncover the connotations expressed in actions of  the hepocrapts against the prophet, Mohammed… ((may allah be pray upon him)). That are mentioned in the holy Quran . the present tense of verbs is chosen as a typical verb ,due to the indications of the tense on reocurrance and renewal aspects, so as to study those verbs to confirm by which how far did the hepocrapts go in their way in terms of hypocrisy over their actions .This research is based on an introduction along with two questions .First: to define semantics, verb and hypocrisy each in terms of language and terminology .The Second to draw analysis on the holy verses under study. Then a conclusion is drawn in terms of the significant results listed in the verses table line and included  in the verbs relevant to the subject of the research .This research is taken from a master thesis made on the indications characterized in the actions of the hepocrapts in the holy Quran.
Giveaways and Gifts with Caliph Othman bin Affan, may God be pleased with him
Authors: Abdullah Saad
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

       

      This study talks about the gifts and donations that were distributed by Caliph Othman bin Affan, may God be pleased with him, as he was one of the owners of money and was always donating them to Muslims as individuals in particular and to the state in general The funds that Caliph Othman used to distribute varied between cash and in-kind money. He also sometimes distributed lands, and these donations, especially during the days of his caliphate, contributed to the first half of them in improving the economic conditions of Muslims, especially his relatives, who gave them a lot of money as a matter of kinship, as well as given to the rest of the Muslims in order to bring them closer and earn them alongside the caliphate However, at the same time, these donations were another weapon, When they aroused the resentment of many people against Othman, under the pretext that he was disposing of Muslim money for his relatives. This accusation proved invalid as he used to donate his own money to his relatives .This did not prevent him from giving money to the rest of the Muslims, so he was fair and keen on people money and more generous in the distribution of his own money. As a result of the abundance of money, new and tyrannical customs appeared on the Islamic community, so he fought them and stood against them.
Ibn Abbas's Jurisprudential Views on Illegitimate Relations- A Comparative Study-
Authors: Hamid Jassim
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

       

         The research Dealt with the Opinions of the Great companion Abdullah bin Abbas in unlawful relations, four of which are : the non-acceptance of the husband’s testimony of his wife for adultery, and the punishment for sodomy is killing , not married and married, and it is not proven with the charge, any person who makes a Sextual relation with a married woman should be killed. the punishment of a virgin who commit adultery is one hundred flogging and estrangement for a year.the adulteres who has a wife shoud be punished either with flogging or with stoning . all of the scientists depended on Ibn Abbass saying about illegitimate relations. most of his saying are well and correct.
Foundations and Values of the Scientific and Educational Renaissance in Religious Education
Authors: Jassim Abdullah , Saleh Luay
Published: March 2023

Studying the  values and foundations is considered the perspective of human thought،  it sakes interests that arose   the origin of mountain formation، because it simulates his   aspirations towards perfection and possessing. The concept of values is still expanding little by little، which has earned the fore among those perfection، Because of consideration، the instuctional and educational process had the best luck، it  glorifies  maddened  among humanity as. This process represents the cornerstone for the development of human beings from all aspects، preparing as an integrated human beings which  is able to achieve the desired renaissance and push it  towards a prosperous future، In terms of importance on which the  educational system is based، religiously، morally and cognitively .Throughout this simple study whion is entitled (foundations and values of the Scientific and educational renaissance in religious education)، we decided to shed light on the orbit of those values in general and the scope effect of religious education in particular.
Changing and Correcting Gender and its Effect on Inheritance
Authors: Yassin Hamid
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

       

             Changing and correcting gender and its effect on inheritance:

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers be upon His Messenger and His Majesty Muhammad al-Hadi al-Amin.

After the scientific development that we have reached in all fields, especially in the field of medicine, where man can change his gender from male to female and vice versa, and this change is according to the apparent meaning. If a person changes his gender, does he have all the rights of worship, dealings, marriage, rights and so on? I wanted to look into The issue of (changing and correcting sex and its effect on inheritance) in that it is worthy of the inheritance as it was or what it has turned into, with the distinction between sick and non-pathological cases. All of this I will answer it during this res.
Imam Muqatil Bin Suleiman and his Methodology in his Book Al-Wajuh wa Al-Nadh'ir in the Great Quran
Authors: Ibrahim Abdullah
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

       

            Prais be to Allah whose grase is the best goodies. Prayers and peace be upon the master of the messengers Muhammad, his family, and companion as a whole. As for after, the science of faces and isotopes is one of the science of the Quran which is dealing with interpreting the words of its wise verses with the assistance of the causes of the descent and linguistics. The meaning of this science refers to a world which is mentioned in differend places inside the Quran with the same pronunciation and the same analysis, and it has a different meaning in any of these different places. Thus, the science of isotopes is the name of words, and faces: is the name of meanings . the first person who speaks in this scince is the great companion Abdullah Bin Abbas-may Allah be blessed with them-However, the first sorter in this science who is known by scientists is Imam Muqatil Bin Sulaiman Al-Balkhi who died in(150H) in his book entitled(Faces and Isotopes in the Holy Quran). This book includes (176) words, the first word is (the guidance) and the last word is (Above). I have studied four of its models in the current study.
Infallibility of the Prophets
Authors: Abdullah Zahraa
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

       

         Praise be to Allah , prayer and peace be upon the Messenger of Allah As for after:

The research included an introduction, three topics and a conclusion. The first topic  included the definition of the concept of infallibility Linguistically and idiomotically and its types, with an explanation of each type in a brief way With reference to the transfered evidence (the Qur’an and the Sunnah) as well as mental evidence , As for the second topic included statements in the infallibility and discussion, as well as responding to those who deny it with discussion of any  sayings . The third topic is concerned with reporting some of the stories of the prophets and messengers through the Qur’anic texts whose apparent illusion is the proportion of sins of the prophets, discussed and clarified, The research ended with a conclusion that summarized the most important results.
Introducing the Rules of Jurisprudence and Some of its Contemporary Applications
Authors: Mhanna Ahmed
Published: March 2023

The  jurisprudence rule is a majority judgment where the judgment over minor jurisprudence issues  is directly identified. The jurisprudent standard is a majority judgment where the judgment over minor jurisprudence issues concerning an aspect of jurisprudence is directly identified. The fundamental rule means the total rules  whereby judgments concerning its minor issues are identified. They are known as total issues whereby judgments can be deduced from their evidences from the holy Quran and Sunna in addition to other evidences.                         

 -The difference between the jurisprudence rule, the jurisprudence standard and fundamental rule is also identified.

-Five jurisprudence rules have been identified and their applications are mentioned, as follows; the foundation does collocate with the substitute, judgment on speech is better than negating it, the worst  of the loath something is better to beleft give away, injustice is abolished and does not need to be revoked.
Nodal Issues in Isra and Mi'raj
Authors: Abdul Karim Abdul Jabar
Published: March 2023

The incident of Isra and Mi'raj is one of the most stirring miracles of the polytheists' grudges after the Cave of Hira incident, for both of them expose the fold of the infidels when they follow the events of the Prophet’s mission: either the acknowledgment of their occurrence and thus implicit Confession of Islam as a divine message, or the continuation of the hostile approach hostile to its message, may God bless him and grant him peace.
Al-Mubhamoon in the Musnad of Imam Ahmad, the Meccans and the Civilians
Authors: Fares Qudamah , Hamadeh Uday
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

       

                   After completing each study, the researcher must begin to draw up the results of what he drew from that study, which are as follows:

- The mysterious narrator was revealed by searching for him in another authorized narration, or by the sayings of scholars and other imams of hadith if the methods agreed to identify the ambiguous narrator.

 -The ambiguity in the narration is one of the reasons for the weakness of the hadith, because the condition of the rejected narrator is unknown in terms of correctness and accuracy.

 - If the mysterious narrator is a companion, his lack of knowledge does not affect the correct one.

 - Ancient and modern,scientists were interested in the Musnad and devoted themselves to studying it, teaching it, refining it, and researching its men and their circumstances.

- Most of the vague hadiths are allowed to mention their ambiguous narrators in the Musnad.

  -The hadith books are not free from ambiguity, whether the ambiguity is from what is mentioned in the novel or its presence does not affect the authenticity of the hadith.
Forgetting the Prophets and the Righteous in the Noble Qur’an - An Objective Study -
Authors: Mohaj
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

       

                      This research came to shed light on forgetfulness in the lives of the prophets and the righteous.. The prophets are human beings who may forget as a human in matters that are not related to legislation and notification because they are infallible from forgetting then, and it may happen in the life of the righteous as well, which is due to a mistake and negligence.

As for the treatment of human forgetfulness, it is through adherence to the Noble Qur’an, frequent remembrance of Allah Almighty, leaving the gatherings of the oppressors, taking good company that helps a person to remember, and praying to Allah to forgive him what he forgots.
Invocation by Rational Evidence
Authors: Mohamed Saman
Published: March 2023

If the function of the theology is to study the belief rulings brought by Islamic Sharia as being the foundations upon which all other rulings are based, then it must depend on the evidences transmitted from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) - whether it was Qur’an or a prophetic hadith - as the transmitter of the Islamic law. This does not mean turning away from the rational evidence that reveal the truth corresponding to what is included in the transmission, as long as the Sharia has commanded the use of reason and urged each individual to think and contemplate.
Denying the divinity of Christ and proving the prophethood of Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon them, in the context of comparative religions: the debate as a model
Authors: Sedeeq Ahmed , Rashid Kifah
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

             

The debate is one of the religious and scientific dialogue that Muslim scholars had known since the early centuries. The history of Islam witnessed religious debates between its scholars and the men of the Ahl-AlKitab, that included many main and sub-themes that dealt with various fields of belief, worship and others. The most important of which was their claim to the divinity of Christ)peace be upon him(. In which, they attributed to him, and their denial of the preaching of Christ, peace be upon him, with the message of the Prophet Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, and their denial of him. The verses of the Noble Qur’an, so their books were a proof against them, not an argument for them. These scholars explained the falsehood of the Christians’ voice regarding the divinity of Christ, peace be upon him. They discredited the Christian scholars, and they proved what was concluded from the distorted bibles, the informing of Jesus, peace be upon him, of the message and mission of Muhammad, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, and praise be to God, Lord of the World.
The Differentiation Among the Narrators for Abi Zarʾaa by Uusing the Term “more Lovely for me” in Abi Hatemʾs Book Invalidation and Ratification “Critical study”
Authors: Daham Ahmed , Mahmod Sadon
Published: March 2023

The science of Invalidation and Ratification is one of the important sciences of prophetic tradition  through which the situation of Hadith narrators and their ranks though the science of Invalidation and Ratification is known and then the decision about the accepting or rejecting their narration. For this science many imams who memorizing the Holy Qura‘n and checking critics who inspected about the narrators and narrations and selected terms and expressions for the science of invalidation and ratification getting creative in its context. They made great efforts in the service of the prophet patrimony (peace be upon him). One of these imams is Al-Ḥafḍ Abu Zarʾaa Al-Razi God's mercy on him who denominate the narrator with terms of the science of Invalidation and Ratification, Among these terms that we selected for our investigation is the using of the term “more lovely for mi” for the preference among the narrators in the Abi Hatemʾs book “Invalidation and Ratification”. In our investigation we gathered the narrators who was compared by Al-Ḥᾱfḍ Abū Zarʾaa with this phrase. We compared his opinion with opinions of the other Invalidation and Ratification experts so as to see the accordance between them. Also we reached to a conclusion which indicates the situation of every narrator in this summarized investigation after studying the interpretation of each narrator interpretation
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be Pleased with him) and the Accusation for his Narration of the Israʼiliyyat
Authors: Muhammad Omar
Published: March 2023

The enemies of Islam, in the past and present, used to direct their accusations against our great Islamic religion, using various methods and ways to question the validity of the Prophet’s Sunnah and to challenge its narrators. This research came to respond to the appellants and skeptics of the Islam's narrator the great companion of the Prophet Abu-Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) and refute their fabrications and accusations against him that he took knowledge from Judaism and Christianity through his narration of the Israʼiliyyat. For Ka`b Al-Ahbar, Basrah Al-Ghafari, and Abdullah bin Salam, and their reference is the hadith that he narrated about the Merit of Friday, in which he went out to the Tuor (mountain) and his meeting with Ka`b Al-Ahbar, so they raised many suspicions, doubts and questions about this hadith, I studied them extensively and responded to all their fabrications and allegations as a sober scientific response and showed the invalidity and nullity of this Suspicion.
A Treatise on the Plurality of the Mujtahid - Study and Verification -
Authors: Rahim Ahmed
Published: March 2023

One of the first foundations of  Verification caring for the heritage of our Islamic nation is serving the books of the first authors, including an explanation or comment, an verification or a study. The traces of scientists with what they left forus of the enormous wealth and great heritage and looking with respect and appreciation to the  Verification  and clarifications that they presented to us for that great treasure, because one of the greatest things that the researcher does is to link the knowledge of the ancestors backward and to produce for the community the product of their knowledge and books that they have lived in their compilation and collection to remain a witness for their good deeds and to reach easily to those who will come after them; Therefore, Allah  Blessed and Almighty wanted the subject of my research to be related to this knowledge and work, so I decide after relying on God to choose this topic (messages on the plurality of the mujtahid) to the imam: scholar Muhammad bin Hamzah (may God have mercy on him).
Fundamental Weights in the most Correct Wording of the and its Jurisprudential Applications According to Judge Zakaria Al-Ansari in his Book The Purpose of Access in Explaining the Core of the Principles (The Issue of Privatization as a Model)
Authors: Ismail Ahmed , Muhammad Muhammad
Published: March 2023

The assignment of the fundamentalists is one of the important issues, because it allocates the year, it deals with some parts of the year, and this ruling is only by evidence, and its ruling is the permissibility of allocating the year until it is known (Every generating is specified) and there is a separate provision and a related provision, and each has its own ruling and the allocation is divided into several sections Including: assigning the book to the book, allocating the sunnah to the sunnah, and allocating each of the book and the sunnah to each other.

   In this research we have dealt with the fundamental preferences in the most correct term because it is the most accurate according to Imam Zakariya al-Ansari (may God Almighty have mercy on him) in the book (The Purpose of Arrival in Explaining the Core of the Fundamentals) We have studied the issue of specialization in this book, and referred to the jurisprudential applications of this issue in order to be more important to the soul. Of the reader, and it becomes clear to him without any ambiguity or doubt, which is the  ultimate  goal of the current study.

and Our last prayer is that praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the Messenger of Allah Muhammad and his family and companions as well.
Mental Criticism of Models from the Biography of Ibn Hisham ( the Third Part )
Authors: Abdullah Zahraa
Published: March 2023

The research included an introduction, four investigations, and a conclusion:

In the introduction, I explained the reasons that prompted me to choose the topic. As for the first topic, it defines and originates criticism, and it includes three demands: The first requirement: the definition of criticism in language and convention, the second requirement: the legitimacy of criticism, and the third requirement: the origins of modern criticism. As for the second topic: it contains the causes and methods of criticism, and it included three demands, the first: in the direct causes of criticism of the hadith, the second: in the approach of the modernists in explaining the hadiths, and the third in the party of criticism of the hadith. As for the third topic: In the Biography of the Prophet, the causes and method of the modernizers criticize its news and has two requirements: The first: the reasons for criticizing and correcting the biography news, and the second: Approach of the modernists in the criticism of telling the biography of the Prophet. As for the fourth topic: the last one, it includes: Examples of criticism in the news of the biography and it contains four demands: The first requirement: on the marriage of the Messenger (may Allah’s prayers and peace be upon him) to Maymouna bint Al-Harith while he is, and the second requirement: in the news of breaking from the hadith of Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) ) In the biography of Ibn Hisham, and the third requirement: In the killing of Hamzah bin Abdul Muttalib, the master of the martyrs and the uncle of the Messenger of Allah (may God bless him and grant him peace), and the fourth requirement: In the lament of Saad bin Muadh (may Allah be pleased with him).
Al-Zakat and its Role in Social Solidarit -The Zakat Fund in The Endowments of Samarra as a Model-
Authors: Bediwi Salam
Published: March 2023

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and blessings and peace be upon the latest of the Prophets and Messengers, and upon all his family and companions ... and after:

One of the natural characteristics of humankind is that it is diverse in shapes, colors, and accidents, and that is why societies consist of various classes. Some of them are rich, some of them are poor, some of them are satisfied, and some of them are needy. Actions and conducts that make society fit for a decent life, including that it approved the assumption of zakat, made it the third pillar of Islam, and added charities to spread benefit and spread love and intimacy through social solidarity among members of society.

Therefore, we shed light on one of those blessed doors in reality (the Zakat Fund in the Sunni Endowment Directorate in Samarra) to explain its details and how it works to achieve the desired goal by achieving social solidarity among the people of Samarra and its suburbs.
Al-Barr Verse 177 from Surat Al-Baqara - An Analytical Study -
Authors: Ali Saadi
Published: March 2023

Among the generous verses in which there is abundant goodness and guidance is a great verse of righteousness (177) from Surat Al-Baqara, as it contains a clear statement, complete guidance to the believer and his duties and obedience until he reaches the connection of righteousness in which victory and prosperity, as the verse began with a remembrance of faith in Allah and the Day ; Because they are the basis of all righteousness, and the principle of all that is good, and is not already full of faith to righteousness unless the master of self dominated them with an evidence, and accompanied by submission and acquiescence, and a factor with all the things that hypothesized and guided by Allah the Almighty - of the duties and virtues of that upgrade the believer to the degree of goodness and acceptance .

I have studied and analyzed this blessed verse within the steps of analytical interpretation, relying in its study on the various books of interpretation, and important linguistic dictionaries to reach the most important aspects of the verse concerning in the guidance, meanings, and values and written a research entitled (verse 177 of Surat Al-Baqarah - analytical study).

Our final prayer is: Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and may blessings and peace be upon the faithful Prophet and his family and companions.
Conditions of Custody and its Implications in Islamic Jurisprudence
Authors: Rahman Basim
Published: March 2023

This study aims to show the importance of a suitable environment for the child and taking care of him, and that he must live in the confinement of his parents and their protection, and the effect of custody on Looking after the child and the role of the mother in that, and the negative consequences that result if he loses this nursery. So custody is the upbringing of those who are not independent by doing What works for him and protects him from what harms him, such as undertaking to wash his body, clothes, ointments, and eyeliner, tie him in the cradle, and so on:  Among the general conditions of custody that must be available  in the incubator, whether he is a man or a woman, is, Islam and maturity, The conditions for women are not to be married to a foreigner, and the conditions for men to have with the incubator, whether the father or other incubator, someone who takes custody of the child. The most important reasons that lead to the loss of custody are the abandonment of the mother from the child, as well as the divorce and apostasy from Islam.
Al-Shaarawi's Method of Inference of the Waqf Effects and their Effect on his Interpretation of the Surat Al-Baqara and Aal-Imran as a Model
Authors: Obeid Ali , Mejbel Mahmoud
Published: March 2023

This research aims to know the method that Al-Shaarawi followed in inferring the endowed effects, by collecting and studying the waqf effects that he inferred in his interpretation of Surat Al-Baqarah and the  Aal-Imran , and the effect of these hadiths on his interpretation of the Holy Surah, through practical models. It is known that every scientist has jurisprudence and inferences and he may be wrong; A human being he may be right or he may be wrong, and the interpretation of Al-Shaarawi, despite his fame, did not receive the madern study that suits his fame, and this reason prompted me to study Al-Shaarawi's methodology in inferring the suspended effects and its effect on his interpretation, and I chose Surat Al-Baqarah and Aal- Imran. Because they are the longest surahs of the Holy Qur’an, and the benefit will be greater. I ask Allah to grant success.
The Best Rules for Knowing the Inferior Hadith
Authors: Mahdi Muhammad
Published: March 2023

The inferior hadiths about the Prophet, may Allah’s prayers and peace be upon him, are numerous and not known by every person other than the people of the hadith and its bearers. It is possible to know the inferior hadiths by laying down clear rules taken from what scholars have deduced through their knowledge of the words of our master, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s prayers and peace be upon him. The deliberate inferiority on our master, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, is considered one of the greatest sins. Whoever narrates hadiths made out of negligence, this is a sinner because he is not certain of the hadith, rather he is a participant in the sin of the one who lied our master, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah prayers and peace be upon him.
Imported Foods, Meat and other Animal Products
Authors: Salih Zilal
Published: March 2023

Food that includes nutrition and drinks is one of the basic and indispensable requirements of the body, and it represents the first aspect of the necessity of preserving the soul in terms of the side of existence, because it is the main source of energy, vitality and growth, Abstaining from eating is the act of annihilating the body in an indirect way because it the body can not continue without as it becomes weak and exhausted. As a person must take care of nourishing his body, he must also avoid every food or drink that leads to harm him.  In food and drink. The Islamic Sharia has taken care of its statement, and it has established from the foundations what is known through which the ruling of what is emerging from it so that the person will be aware of his matter in his food and drink.
Milestones of Moderation in the Messenger’s Dealings -With the People of Medina - An Objective Study-
Authors: Farmzi Fathi
Published: March 2023

The civil society was a multi-cultural society in norms, religions and cultures, and the nature of a society in this case required wisdom and good management, especially since the Prophet, after the emigration, wanted to build a state based on justice and equality, and achieve harmony and coexistence among the components of this society. There is no doubt that the Prophet succeeded in gathering the different people, under one state, and be good in his dealings with everyone, without exception. Therefore, we need to search for the foundations and milestones that the Prophets followed in his dealings with the people of Medina, for the purpose of benefiting and taking lessons. For this reason, we have devoted this paper to a conversation about moderation and its features in the Prophet - may Allah bless him and grant him peace - dealings with the people of Medina, whether they are Muslims, Jews or hypocrites. That is to find out the most important aspects of moderation in his dealings with the people of the city, and to take lessons from it.
The Rule of “Business with the Affinities” is an Original Study
Authors: Al-Badarin Ayman
Published: March 2023

The study was keen to collect the origins of “intention” in Islamic law, jurisprudence and principles through the rooting of the prophetic rule (actions by intentions). The intention for it, the place of the intention, the rule of its pronunciation, the intention between the corner and the conditional, and its time, and the conditions of the rule by clarifying the conditions of the intention and the intention and the intended action, and what needs the intention of actions, then the study concluded with a statement of the most prominent results of the research and its recommendations.
Saying the Least of what has been Said and its Effect on the Sharia Ruling of the Fundamentalists - a Comparative Fundamentalist Study -
Authors: Abdul-Jabbar Mahmoud
Published: March 2023

The science of the fundamentals of jurisprudence is one of the greatest sciences, and the most general of it is a benefit that a jurist and agreed upon, modernizer and interpreter need. It is the basic method for deduction and ijtihad, by means of which he is able to include the audio evidence on their implications and know how to derive rulings from them, and that taking the least of what was said is not a matter of sticking to consensus only.  Some also claimed, but it is based on two evidences, namely the consensus of at least and the possession of the original innocence that the mind indicates in the addition, at least if there is no auditory evidence instead of the increase.

The scholars differed regarding its disproof. Some of them proved it and they are al-Shafi’i, and the majority agreed with him, and some of them denied it. However, if we look closely at the books of origins that mentioned this evidence, we find most of the books mention “a group denied” without specifying, and after my discussion of the evidences of the deniers, I chose to say al-Shafi’i and the audience about the permissibility of invoking the least of what was said, according to the conditions already mentioned
The Difference of Commentators and their Reasons for Al-Mawsili as a Model
Authors: Taha Maysoon , Majeed Ammar
Published: March 2023

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and may blessings and peace be upon our Master Muhammad and upon his family and companions, and afterwards.

The research is entitled (The difference of the commentators and its causes Al-Mawsili as a model) . The researcher explained the meaning of the difference, its types, and its causes, and considered it a difference of the praiseworthy type that the Majestic and Exalted had envisaged, which opened the door for researchers to benefit from the possible meanings of words and compositions over time and ages.

The research presented a number of reasons for differing commentators, and they are nothing more than technical, linguistic, customary or legal differences. As for the interpretations of those with whims and fads, they are rejected, because they used the Qur’anic texts as justification for their meanings to achieve their goals or partisan, sectarian or national interests. That is what you find in this study, Allah Almighty willing.
Ottoman Care at the Sheikh Al-Islam Foundation
Authors: Fathi Ahmed , Ibrahim Farman
Published: March 2023

The Sheikh of Islam Foundation is a religious body established by the Ottoman Empire in the fifteenth century AD, and it was present in all its regions and the sheikhdom is the highest religious position in the Ottoman Empire; because is responsible for appointing and dismissing judges,   This institution appeared after  125  years of the establishment of the Ottoman Empire and continued until the end of the Ottoman Empire in (1341 AH / 1922 CE), that is, nearly five centuries, (129) Sheikhs have assumed the position of Sheikh of Islam during its period in the Ottoman Empire.

The period of Sheikh Al-Islam Abi Al-Saud Effendi is the longest period as he remained in the position for 28  years and 10 months.

Among the characteristics of the Sheikh of Islam: He alone who has the right to issue a fatwa authorizing the war waged by the state, or fatwas to decide peace or to decide treaties, or to dismiss the ruling sultan, just as the Sheikh of Islam has no direct interest in the internal or external service of the sultan.

Among the most important features that the Sheikh of Islam enjoyed: The rulers of the states are not able to receive him while they are sitting. Indeed, the Badshah receives the Sheikh of Islam in the ceremony standing on his feet, and thus the Badshah has respected the religion and justice in the person of the Sheikh of Islam.

When power was transferred to the federations, after the coup of 1909 AD, the new regime was keen on detracting from the Sheikh of Islam and other religious scholars, and stripping them, in turn, of their privileges and competencies, and preventing them from supervising education and the judiciary, and the position of Sheikh Al-Islam was abolished with the abolition of the Sultanate in1922  AD.
Baha Al-Din Al-Qashy's Approach to the Interpretation of the Quranic Surah
Authors: Zarnan Moheb , Youssef Ismael
Published: March 2023

This research aims to know the method that Bahaa Al-Din Al-Qashi (may Allah have mercy on him) followed in the interpretation of the Qur’anic surahs by collecting and studying what he has mentioned of news and traces in his interpretation. He did not explain the entire Qur’anic surah, but rather he confined himself to transmitting some of the interpretations of the predecessors in the verse or what is related to it. Sometimes he gets the traces that have a direct relationhip with the interprelation of the verse. Other times, he does not transfer any traces that are not related to the interpretation of the verse.This is the most prominent reason that called me to study his method in his book (Al-Mutamad Min Al-Manqul) in general and his method in interpreting the Qur’anic surahs in particular, and I ask God Almighty for payment.
Narratives of Abd Al-Rahman bin Harmala in the Nine Books (Chapter on Naming when Ablution, as an Example ) - An Analytical Study -
Authors: Mahmoud Mohamed , Akab Ahmed , Akab Abdul-Jabbar
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

       

                              There is no doubt that the science of the Prophet’s hadith is one of the highest and most beneficial sciences. Allah Almighty has guided me to write this science , so my choice fell on one of its topics, which is (The Narratives of Abd Al-Rahman bin Harmala in the Nine Books – An Analytical Study -) .After researching the nine books and what the authors of these books brought out for him we found that Abd Al-Rahman bin Harmala had forty-five narrations, and after deleting the repeated ones, we found them to be twenty-one narrations. We will put them in your hands, divided according to the  jurisprudential chapters .We do not find any thing that enables us to identify the date of the narrators birth who is Abd Al-Rahman bin Harmala. However, one can that from the peers who lived with him, and through the sheikhs from whom Abd Al-Rahman bin Harmala was taken so, his birth may have been between 60 AH to 70 AH. Allah  knows.
The Distinguished and Confused Ruling - A Comparative Jurisprudence Study -
Authors: Abd Firas
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

       

                 It is known that jurisprudence is one of the most important and noble sciences, and the people’s need for it is renewed and repeated, especially in this era in which the alienation of religion has appeared, and the counselors are few, and the determination of those who follow it has weakened. Seeking the pleasure of Allah Almighty, and following the guidance of the best of creation, and the savior of mankind, Muhammad bin Abdullah r. and whoever attained that, Allah wanted good for him, and made it easy for him to go to Heaven with him, As a matter of probing the depths of the principles of jurisprudence, I saw it is necessary to choose a topic (the rule of the distinguished and confused - comparative jurisprudence study) , because the knowledge of menstruation and purification is based on a lot of rulings, and a woman who comes to this role cannot differentiate between her purification and her menstruation, so things get mixed up on her, and knowing the controls and limits of that is important for every Muslim, especially in this time.
The Doctrinal Investigations of what is Included in the Conditional (If) in the Holy Qur’an Surat Al-Takwir as A Model
Authors: Ibrahim Aidan
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

       

                  The glorious Qur’an paid a great attention to the doomsday and lots of Qur’anic verses showed that importance and its valuable issues; .You hardly pass through any surah of the Qur’an, unless you find in it a conversation about the day of resurrection, and what will happen in that day including conditions and horrors. In various ways, including what was mentioned in the (if) conditional answers, where the condition came as an opening to seven chapters, including Surat Al-takwir, This surah shares several characteristics with others, including: that in most of these surahs there is a talk about the doomsday and its introductions, for this importance, the  research topic came under the title: The Doctrinal Investigations of What If The Conditional Included from The Glorious Quran - Surat Al-Takwir As A Model. The academic subject matter enforced our research to be based on a preface, an introduction, and two chapters, followed by a conclusion and a list of references. Several demands are required in the definition of the title and its vocabulary, then the first topic included: The horrors of the pre- Doomsday, led by the conditional “if” in Surat Al-takwir, and the second included: The horrors after the Doomsday, which is led by the conditional “if” in Surat Al-takwir.
Civilized Values of Commands and Prohibitions in the Hajj Verses from Surat Al-Baqarah, Al-Imran, Al-Ma’idah and Hajj
Authors: Rahim Abdullah
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

       

                   Hajj is a great worship that Muslims witness every year, but many of them neglect the civilizational features for which this great conference is being held in the Sacred House of Allah, and the lack of contemplation of the great purposes for which the Hajj was legislated, and they are preoccupied with accurate legal rulings with their importance and the Muslim’s need for them. Without thinking in the goals, governance and connotations whose knowledge strengthens the reform of souls and advancement in the ladder of values ​​for the leadership and advancement of societies. Through careful reading of Surat Al-Hajj and Surat Al-Baqarah and Al-Imran, I found the noble verses full of clear signs and indications of the supremacy of Islam and its noble goals in establishing firm rules that require the Muslim to work and contribute in building and completing the lofty edifice of the civilization of Islam. I was very keen in researching the inspiration of the spirit of the Qur’anic text and its implications by referring to the original refrences of interpretation and seeking the assistance of what they brought of interpretation and explanation, with reference to the books of contemporaries and their deductions, and this is what I have strived to highlight in this research.
The Role of the Father in Building the Personality of the Child in the Light of Surat Luqman - an Objective Study
Authors: Hamad Idris , Mahmoud Haween
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

       

              Since childhood is the best stage for complete upbringing, correct upbringing and good education, for this we find that Sharia has given a great importance to this age stage, as it is obligatory for parents to raise their children in a comprehensive and sound manner in all its fields, including religious education, moral education, and spiritual education. Behavioral education, social education, nutritional education, physical and health education and other areas of comprehensive education, and the responsibility of raising the child lies with the parents, and each of them has a distinct role in the educational integration of the child. In light of Luqman’s commandments to his son as a unique Quranic model, the study took the title (The Role of the Father in Building the Child’s Personality in the Light of Surat Luqman). Then in the first topic, the study dealt with the role of the father in building the Islamic personality of the Muslim child through Luqman’s commandments to his son, and pointed to the foundations and principles such as the creed, family, devotional and moral construction. Then In the second topic, the researchers talked about educational rules for parents in the educational process for children, including education by example, moderation and moderation in education, dealing with children on the basis of justice and equality, and unifying parents’ advice while observing the appropriate times for education. The study rwached at results which show that the principles for building a childss personality is to combine between the doctrinal principles, morals, and worship, as Luqman al-Hakim did in his directives, to build a strong and righteous personality according to the Qur’anic concept. In conclusion, we thank Allah first and foremost for what has helped us and guided us to this, and we pray and greet the best of Allah’s creation, Muhammad (peace be upon him).
Review of the Article on the Provisions of Tawassul by the Prophet, may Allah Bless him and Grant him Peace - an Original Study -
Authors: Mustafa Hussein
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

       

              Al- Wasilah is a legitimate sacrifice by which the worshipper attains a gool and fulfills a desire. Al- tawassul is to draw closer to Allah with that nearness, and tawassul is the request of the caller based on that kinship. There is no one in the law of Islam that is required and called except for Allah, and this is what has been legislated for this nation in the book of its Lord and on the tongue of its Prophet.

     Since Al-tawassul is a purely doctrinal issue that revolves between disbelief and faith, so the worshipper should perform it based on clear evidence that cannot be interpreted, keeping away from ambiguous ones, weak evidence, and correct conjecture, meaning that Al-tawassul is either begging with Allah’s attributes and names, or with what He has a valid belief, or because of his good deeds, or because of the supplication of others.

  As for what was not provided with definitive evidence from the wise legislator of its permissibility, then it is better for the  worshipper to leave it and stay away from it because of the suspicion that the perpetrator might expect in what does not please Allah, and whoever avoids suspicions has cleared himself of his religion and his honor.