bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building management using information modeling technology
Authors: Akhmetov Fril , Islamov Kamil , Sovkov Sergey
Published: May 2021

The article presents an BIM implementation analysis in a context of Project management in the construction. Most efficient construction management process could be designed on most of PM branches, such as Project Supply Management, quality management in the project, Project Cost and Cost Management, Project Timing Management. The article presents the impact of GOST R 54869―201 “PROJECT MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS” on one of the most complicated environments, including BIM in construction. In Russia, much is said about supporting construction site project management; there are federal and regional programs of implementing BIM. There is also an understanding of what kind of construction design projects it is and why it is needed. There are many definitions of BIM design project detail level. Each region country has its own limitations and conditions for implementing BIM for construction project management. Another important aspect of implementing BIM opportunities in the regions is their isolation in the presented region and development will cause demand for local investments.
Numerical solution of the thermal problem for electric heating of concrete structures in winter
Authors: Gnyrya Aleksei , Korobkov Sergey , Gaag Ivan
Published: May 2021

This paper presents the results of a numerical solution of the thermal problem for electrical heating of a monolithic reinforced concrete raft foundation in the ELCUT Pro software and computing system. The purpose of this work was to solve a thermodynamic problem in the case of electric heating of concrete of a monolithic raft foundation with insulated heating wires in the winter. The foundations of an industrial building under construction in Tomsk are taken as a basis. The relevance of these studies in construction is caused by the need to ensure the temperature conditions necessary for the hardening and strength of concrete in the winter. The initial parameters for the concrete structure being built were entered in the Elcut Pro software package with the WinConcret add-in. As a result of the calculation, the optimal step of winding insulated heating wires on the reinforcing cage was determined, which leads to a uniform distribution of temperature fields over the section of the structure. The analysis of the temperature field in the section of the structure was carried out. Technological measures were developed that level this field and at the same time ensure a favorable temperature of concrete hardening, which is the main task of thermal calculation. Based on the simulation results obtained in the Elcut Pro software package, a technology has been developed for electric heating of concrete foundations at negative temperatures, which has been implemented in the conditions of a construction site.
Improving the methods of organizational and technological design in the reconstruction of health facilities
Authors: Lyakhovsky Konstantin , Arkhipov Alexander
Published: May 2021

Construction work in the conditions of existing health facilities requires compliance with increased requirements, which imposes additional restrictions on the application of known organizational and technological solutions, which in turn create a need to develop new or improve existing methods of organizational and technological design in the reconstruction of health facilities. In the development of organizational and technological documentation, it is necessary to take into account the fact that medical facilities are not classified as production facilities, although the restrictions for this type of facilities are very significant. The aim of the work is to improve the accuracy of calculations when planning the finishing (plaster) work in terms of labor costs. As a result of the study, based on the initial data, factors describing the limited workplace were identified, which will allow in subsequent studies to justify an increase in labor costs (reduced productivity) for working conditions in a limited space during the reconstruction of health facilities.
The choice of methods for modeling organizational and technological solutions in the construction of buildings and structures
Authors: Abramova Anastasia
Published: May 2021

An important task in the construction of buildings and structures is the choice of the most rational solutions in terms of organization and technology of construction production.

Currently, the complexity and variety of organizational and technological decisions in the dynamics of the process of erecting buildings and structures for various purposes requires research.

To this end, it is necessary to improve existing or develop new organizational and technological solutions, in conditions when the tasks are set to increase the growth in the volume of housing construction.

The author is faced with the task of forming an integrated system that includes organizational and technological solutions, methods and assessment of the effectiveness of the study.

It is assumed that the results of the study will be in demand by construction organizations to maintain competitiveness, paying attention to organizational and technological solutions, both at the stage of preparation and during construction. This will prevent losses, increase the effective functioning of construction organizations in the market, and strengthen their business reputation.

Scientific novelty lies in the formation of parameters and their classification, methods of modeling organizational and technological solutions.

To assess organizational and technological solutions, it is necessary to study methods and ways of measuring them.

In the course of the research, an analysis of the methods widely used at present for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of organizational and technological solutions was carried out. Qualitative assessment methods make it possible to reveal the significance of certain factors of a phenomenon through the analysis of competent opinions. In the case of studying the influence of organizational and technological solutions on construction processes, there are no measurable physical parameters, objects inaccessible to perception and large volumes of statistical data.

The article concludes that empirical, theoretical and quantitative methods are difficult for the research chosen by the author. Therefore, the author of this article chose the Monte Carlo method (MCM) as a research method - a group of numerical methods for studying random processes. Also, the work identified a vector for further research.
Study of the impact of military factors and security threats on construction projects in Baghdad
Authors: Schreiber Andrey , Abramov Ivan , Al-Zaidi Zaid
Published: May 2021

Since 2003, the territory of Iraq there were many military conflicts and conducted a large number of terrorist operations, especially in the capital Baghdad.As a result, construction work in Baghdad began to increase after 2003, which led to an increase in construction risks. The most dangerous risks were military conflicts that occurred near the construction site and affected the workforce, equipment and the construction site itself. The purpose of the study is to identify the most important factors causing risks during construction in Baghdad due to military operations and terrorist threats, to assess the degree of impact of these factors on the duration, cost and quality of construction work, as well as on the safety of workers and the economic situation of construction enterprises. The object of the study is the Al-Radwaniyah residential complex under construction in Baghdad, which is located near the US military base. In the course of the study, the most important military factors causing risks were identified, and then a questionnaire survey was conducted to determine the degree of impact of these factors among employees of enterprises involved in the construction of the specified residential complex (contractors, engineers, consultants, etc.). After processing the results of the questionnaire, the risk factors were analysed using a statistical method. This made it possible to establish the degree of impact of each factor. The study showed the degree of influence of military factors that cause risks, in particular, on the safety and life of workers, the impact on the psychological and social state of the working staff in general. It was also found that sudden military clashes and terrorist operations in the study region have a negative impact on the economic and financial situation of the construction project, lead to a delay in the project and increase its cost. Therefore, it is necessary to look for solutions to avoid or reduce these factors in areas where there is a possibility of their sudden occurrence.
Stochastic correlation, regression probabilistic-statistical models of laminated composite structures with material-energy-saving polyurethane thermal insulation
Authors: Bobryashov Victor , Bushuev Nikolay
Published: May 2021

After testing according to the developed state methods and procedures for polyurethane foam thermal insulation of laminated composite structures with metal facings, the issues of correlation, probabilistic-statistical regression models between the signs of elasticity in tension Eshear and signs of elasticity in shear Gshear were investigated. It is shown that the test results are random stochastic values. Their variability, depending on the type of tests and the parameter under study, is in the acceptable average values. The presence of a significant number of each of the characteristics, for example, Eshear - Gshift, predetermined the use of correlation tables to establish the fact of a relationship. Modules of elasticity under tension and shear were determined. The correlation coefficient between Eshear and Gshift is 0.659. With the help of a computer program, correlation tables were built and the calculation of the probabilistic-statistical interaction of characteristics with different reference points was made. When considering one-dimensional aggregates, the laws of distribution of positive values of the characteristics of foams can be adopted of various types. The connection between phenomena can be not only linear, but also non-linear. In this case, nonlinear correlation can be realized in the form of parabolic and other equations of a certain degree. The calculation of the interaction is carried out on the basis of second-order parabolic equations. Approximation in the form of second-order equations does not greatly improve the convergence, but the possibilities for extrapolating statistical models are reduced.
Environmental support of metallurgical plant construction project in the Subarctic Mountains (Trans-Baikal Territory)
Authors: Pomazkova Nadezhda , Usmanov Marat , Miheev Igor
Published: May 2021

The article analyzes the results of the environmental assessment of the construction site of the Udokan mining and metallurgical plant (MMP) in the Kalarsky district of the Trans-Baikal Territory. The Udokan deposit is the largest deposit in Russia with copper reserves of 20.1 million tons. The construction area is characterized by extreme natural conditions, natural complexes that are sensitive to anthropogenic impact. The results of the environmental impact assessment of the territory of the planned construction of the Udokan mining and metallurgical plant for the extraction and processing of copper are analyzed. The impact of the construction and the Udokan project on copper mining is assessed as significant. However, taking into account the observance of all technical and operational standards, it can be assessed as acceptable. Specialists of the Institute have developed and implemented a system of environmental monitoring of the impact of construction on the environment. A set of environmental measures to preserve the biodiversity of mountain subarctic ecosystems is proposed.
Eco-concrete as ecological solution for green building industry
Authors: Sklifos Victoria , Belykh Alexandr , Nebozh Tamara , Nyu Konstantin , Radchenko Igor
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the environmental safety of construction production from eco-concrete. The purpose of the work is to assess the environmental hazard of building materials (for example, eco-concrete), in the production of which production and consumption wastes are used. In the process of research, the following tasks were solved: the chemical composition of eco-concrete samples was analyzed; a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the exhalation of potential chemical contaminants from concrete was given; the possible risk to human health from the emission of pollutants was assessed. The object of the study was eco-concrete. The tasks are solved by methods of searching for information on the issues under consideration within the framework of an analytical review with subsequent discussion and conclusions. It is known that in recent years, environmental impact review has become more demanding in assessing and permitting construction due to adverse experiences with adverse environmental impacts. As a result, general information was obtained about modern trends in the field of ecological construction.
Instrumental records received in 11 storey steel frame building during a remote earthquake
Authors: Lapin Vladimir , Makish Nurakhmet , Kassenov Kamadiyar , Omarov Zhassulan , Kassenov Dauren
Published: May 2021

On August 9, 2017, a strong earthquake with a magnitude Mw = 6.3 occurred in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. For the first time in the last 10 years, representative instrumental data were obtained at the seismic station No. 11 (“Prospect Abay”) in the city of Almaty, equipped with a digital instrumentation and measuring system. The building is eleven-story and is made in a steel frame. In the city of Almaty, there is a significant number of residential and public buildings made in a steel frame. Using the AT 1105 sensors and the RSM-8 recorder, high-quality instrumental records of accelerations in the basement and on the roof of the building were obtained, as well as the β spectral curves. The frequency composition of the impact at the basement level has been determined. The prevailing period of fluctuation at the basement level is 0.3 sec, and at the roof level is close to 1.3 sec. It was found that during a remote earthquake, resonant vibrations of the building took place. The results of the work can be used in the design of buildings with a steel frame in the city of Almaty.
Construction of sports facilities and playgrounds in the Moscow region as a factor of sustainable development
Authors: Pryadko Igor’
Published: May 2021

The article analyzes the measures, taken in and around Moscow to create a comfortable architectural and urban planning environment. Special focus has been placed on the construction of childcare and art centres, as well as sports facilities. The author uses statistical data and news reports about the launch of a network of facilities designated for children and teenagers. The article outlines the most recent trends in the construction of childcare facilities. The purpose of the research is to identify the top-priority focus of urban development and urban planning. The author emphasizes the ability of proper architectural environments to ensure the successful social involvement of children, residing in the capital. The work analyzes the state of affairs in this area of research and makes projections in terms of the sociocultural evolution of urban areas.
Modified gypsum binder for interior systems
Authors: Utegenova G.A , Asamatdinov M.O , Kalbaev B.A , Medvedev Andrey , Zhukov Alexey
Published: May 2021

As the main component for many interior plaster mixes, a natural gypsum binder or its analogues is used, which are products of processing of local raw materials or by-products of other industries. Under operating conditions, gypsum binder-based plaster coatings have two main features. The first is the ability to regulate room humidity and absorb harmful emissions. The second is the ability to implement the function of barrier protection in the event of a fire. Improving the quality of plastering works and optimizing their cost is associated with the development of modified compositions based on gypsum, justified use of waste and local building materials, which include clay-gypsum binder. Clay gypsum as a natural material of sedimentary origin is widespread both in Russia and in the states formed in the post-Soviet space. In terms of energy intensity and manufacturability, the processing of raw materials into a clay-gypsum binder does not differ from the conditions of traditional processing of natural gypsum. Compared to lime or cement mortars, mortars based on gypsum binder have greater elasticity and plasticity. Such properties associated with the manufacturability of the application, such as workability and thixotropy, as well as the interval for maintaining the pot life of the mixture, are controlled by the introduction of modifying additives, the evaluation of the formulation of which was the purpose of the research, the results of which are presented in the article. The studies carried out have established that varying the recipe parameters make it possible to regulate both the strength and performance characteristics of mixtures based on gypsum plaster, as well as the manufacturability of their application.
Resource-efficient human capital use in the context of technological changes and sustainable development
Authors: Kapkaev Iuner , Rudenko Daria
Published: May 2021

Technological modernization requires a cautious approach on the state and business to the conditions for high-quality human capital formation. Ensuring competitiveness is possible only under the condition of a systematic and strategic approach to investment in human capital. In the study, human capital is presented as a resource that becomes a priority. The analysis of resources through potential, a development means with no material form, seems the most promising. Digital transformation is making a significant contribution to productivity growth. To ensure high competitiveness, it is necessary to change the organization's culture. Iimportant condition for productivity growth is satisfaction and motivation. The article shows that the primary source of surplus-value is employees’ qualifications, professionalism, and creativity. The paper explored increasing possibilities of leaving routine operations in the field of robotization, both for physical robots and software bots. It was revealed that the need to reveal the creative and creative potential of a person increases many times over. Particular attention is paid to the conditions prevailing in 2020, which made it possible to leap forward in the field of remote work and distance education.
Online education in Russia: status and development trends
Authors: Pirogova Oksana , Temnova Nataliia , Markova Elena
Published: May 2021

The online education market is showing growth and strengthening of its position as a business area not only in Russia, but also all over the world, increasing the industry growth rate up to 20% per year. The main and significant jump occurred because of the active transition to online due to the covid-19 quarantine restrictions. The purpose of this work is to study the online education system in Russia and determine the prospects for the development of this industry. The tasks of the research include comparing online education with the offline sphere, analyzing popular categories in online education and forecasting the dynamics of market development, taking into account the influence of the revenue of online education companies. The main methods used in the work: data analysis and comparison. Based on the results of the study, the main conclusions were obtained: every year there is an increase in investments in the field of online education, large companies buy promising projects. Based on the correlation-regression model of the dependence of the period under study on the volume of the online education market in Russia, a forecast for the coming years has been made. The most popular areas of study: foreign languages, IT and marketing. The year 2020 allowed the industry to increase its performance more than it was predicted, and by 2021, the revenue is expected to increase to 73 billion rubles.
Features of the formation of the concept of educational work in an educational institution of civil aviation
Authors: Ivanova Maria , Ivanova Veronika , Merzlikin Igor
Published: May 2021

The paper discusses the current problem of organizing and forming the concept of educational work in civil aviation educational institutions, which is a special branch of the national economy. It makes increased demands not only on the professional qualities of specialists, but also on their spiritual and moral image, as well as the general degree of culture and harmonious development of the personality. The features of the concept of educational work are shown - the focus on the development of professionalism and social responsibility to ensure safety in the industry. The sections of the concept of educational work and its key areas in educational institutions of civil aviation are considered, the need for digitalization and its consideration in the formation of a specialist's personality is emphasized.
Transforming industrial value creation in aspect of sustainable technology digitialization
Authors: Balashova Elena , Maiorova Ksenia
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study is to identify and determine the transformation of the processes of creating the cost of industrial enterprises and the logistics sphere in the aspect of digitisation of organizational technologies. The authors determined the influence of organizational technologies on industrial products and logistics processes. The phenomenon of “digitisation” of value chains of industrial enterprises and logistics sphere and its specifics is considered. Analysis of creation of a digital value chain of an industrial enterprise of the automotive industry was carried out. Key factors determining the program of digital transformation of industrial enterprise are considered. The study was based on the scientific literature and publications on the issues raised in the field of transforming the processes of creating the cost of industrial enterprises in the aspect of digitisation of organizational technologies. In the context of Industry 4.0 development, traditional management is changing, and a new management concept is being considered, within the framework of which digitisation is the only tool for productivity growth and production stability. It was noted by the authors that for a more cautious and gradual transition from the old to the new one, the concept of “Transition Points,” a course of change formulated by Accenture, should be applied. Partial digitization and the introduction of new digital business models together will give industrial enterprises and the logistics sector maximum growth in EBITDA and revenues. The study noted that to release the full potential of digitisation, companies should develop their own digital strategy, which will focus on five key factors: vision, roadmap, demand, team and solutions.
Investigating peat deposits with ground-penetrating radar – a case study of drained bogs in Western Siberia, Russia
Authors: Sinyutkina Anna
Published: May 2021

This paper deals with the assessment of the peat deposit transformation of two drained raised bogs (the Bakchar bog drained for forestry and the Ust-Bakchar bog drained for peat extraction) within the Western Siberian taiga zone. Specifically, the objectives of this study were to: 1) characterise the peat deposits of key sites with the use of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and manual data; 2) estimate the spatial differentiation of modern peat accumulation rates at the microhabitat level. We used the GPR system “OKO-2” with 250, 700, and 1700 MHz shielded antennas and a displacement sensor. We concluded that the use of this GPR complex allowed the assessment of the total depth of the peat deposit, the depth of the fibric peat layer, and the thickness of the layer formed after drainage. We paid attention to defining the patterns of layers formed at depth after drainage within hummocks or hollow microhabitats. The peat accumulation after drainage was not continual throughout all mire surface, which was most typical for plots of the Ust-Bakchar bog. The modern peat accumulation increased 1.3–2.2 times from hollows to hummocks and it was 2–4 times higher within the Bakchar bog than in the Ust-Bakchar bog.
Multiple correlation-regression analysis of the impact of major factors on oil production
Authors: Gabdrakhmanova Klara , Izmailova Gulnara , Samigullina Lilia , Majidov Muhammad
Published: May 2021

This article discusses the multiple regression analysis techniques to determine the effectiveness of the factors used. The study examines the various relationships between the elements. It is important to identify which factor will be the most important when selecting wells to determine the amount of oil recovery. Nowadays, the most important problem in the fields of Tatarstan and Bashkortostan is the depletion of deposits. To maintain the profitability of mining companies, therefore, the issue of preparing new reserves remains relevant. This process involves high costs and risks. For a more reliable picture, it is crucial to determine the most relevant factors. The use of the triad of studies proposed by the authors makes it possible to more reliably determine the effectiveness of oil companies. The initial data are direct measurements and methods of mathematical statistics that allow more accurate predictions. Statistical analysis made it possible to identify the parameters on which the effectiveness of the factors depends. In domestic practice, the assessment of resources and reserves of hydrocarbons is usually made by deterministic methods, while abroad the statistical method is used. When studying the relationships between objects, the analyst should be interested not only in the presence and quantitative assessment of the relations but also in the form and relationship of the effective and factor characteristics, its analytical expression. Correlation and regression analysis help to solve these problems. Correlation analysis aims to measure the tightness of the relationship between the varying variables and to evaluate the factors that have the greatest impact on the resulting trait. Regression analysis is designed to select the form of the relationship, to determine the calculated values of the dependent variable (the effective feature) [1]. For the factor analysis, we used data on the oil industry published in the annual statistical collections of Rosstat, as well as specialized periodicals for ten years.
The Gauss pendulum
Authors: Teixeira Julio Carlos , Martins Pâmella Gonçalves , Schwartzmann Amanda , Schoenmaker Jeroen
Published: May 2021

Recently, the Gauss rifle has gained attention as an interesting problem for physics and engineering education. In this manuscript we propose and analyze a novel problem that, while being related to the Gauss rifle, is rather simpler: the Gauss pendulum, which yields more consistent results and allows further agreement between model, simulation and experimental data. The Gauss pendulum, unlike the rifle, does not involve rotational movement of balls and the difference between the initial and final energy state of the system can be easily accessed by measuring the final height of the swinging projected ball. An extensive assessment of a Gauss pendulum has been developed using free software and accessible laboratory equipment. Focusing on the validation of the magnetic potential well model to understand the gain in kinetic energy, it was possible to obtain a remarkable agreement between the experimental and theoretically simulated data.
Increased prevalence of femoroacetabular impingement on the elderly with fractures of the proximal femur
Authors: Busato Thiago Sampaio , Baggio Marcelo , Morozowski Marcelo Gavazzoni , Filho Gladyston Roberto Matioski , Godoi Lucas Dias , Capriotti Juan Rodolfo Vilela
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) has been recently related to several pathologies, besides chondral injury and hip arthritis. We aim to investigate the prevalence of FAI morphology in an elderly cohort hospitalized due to a proximal femur fracture and compare these findings to a control group. We hypothesize that limited medial rotation due to FAI’s morphology could increase stresses to the proximal femur, acting as a facilitating mechanism for fractures in this region. Therefore, a higher prevalence of FAI morphology would be present in the study group.Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed based on the analysis of radiographic images in AP and lateral views of the fractured hip. Firstly, we have set to measure FAI prevalence in an elderly cohort victimized by fractures of the proximal by measures of the alpha, Tönnis, and lateral center edge angles of a hundred consecutive patients hospitalized for proximal femur fractures. Secondly, we have analyzed the possible relationship between the FAI subtypes and the type of fracture. Finally, we have compared this sample’s data with that of a similar control cohort not affected by fracture.Results: The cohort in this study displayed a higher prevalence of pathological changes in the Tönnis, center-edge, and alpha angles with odds ratios of 3.41, 2.56, and 4.80, respectively (with statistical significance). There was also a significant relationship between cam-type FAI and intertrochanteric fractures, corroborating our initial hypotheses.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that a cohort of older patients affected by fractures of the proximal femur had an increased prevalence of radiographic signs of femoroacetabular impingement. Furthermore, this is the first study demonstrating a statistically significant relationship of cam-type FAI with intertrochanteric fractures, suggesting a possible cause and effect relationship.
Intraoperative OCT – Real-World User Evaluation in Routine Surgery
Authors: Juergens Lukas , Michiels Sofie , Borrelli Maria , Spaniol Kistina , Guthoff Rainer , Schrader Stefan , Frings Andreas , Geerling Gerd
Published: May 2021

Background In recent years, great progress has been made in intraoperative imaging using optical coherence tomography (iOCT). There are now several commercially available iOCT systems that allow high-resolution imaging of all structures of the eye without interrupting surgery. This real-time visualisation can provide additional information to conventional surgical microscopy, but is relatively expensive. The aim of our study was to find out how often OCT integrated into the surgical microscope is used by trained surgeons, or to what extent they consider that iOCT is relevant for intraoperative procedures.

Patients and Methods A prospective monocentric analysis was conducted of the field of application and user-friendliness of the EnFocus Ultra-Deep OCT (Leica Microsystems), a mobile device combination of surgical microscope and OCT. The use and benefit were investigated of iOCT, which was not mandatory. Standardised documentation and evaluation using a questionnaire was performed by the respective surgeon (n = 5) immediately after surgery.

Results Over a period of 25 working days, 118 procedures were performed in the operating theatre equipped with the microscope-OCT combination. The iOCT was used in 24.6% of the 118 procedures performed. iOCT was regarded as crucial to the intraoperative procedure in 3 of the 29 patients. In one patient, it was possible to check graft orientation during a DMEK operation in a very opaque cornea and, in the second patient, to visualise the correct positioning of an iris diaphragm in the capsular bag. In the third patient, the risk of developing a pseudoforamen was assessed, and this led to the decision not to perform a full gliosis peel.

Conclusion Experienced surgeons in a university eye hospital with a full surgical spectrum considered that intraoperative OCT was decisive for the course of surgery in only a few selected surgical situations, e.g. in case of limited corneal transparency. The impact of the use of iOCT on post-operative outcome quality still needs to be evaluated by larger prospective studies. On the basis of this survey, the cost-benefit ratio is still unclear.
„Die Psychiatrie nimmt sich Zeit …“ Warum Psychiater*in werden? – Eine qualitative Studie
Authors: Unger Annemarie , Jahn Rebecca , Höflich Anna , Gruber Maria
Published: May 2021

Ziel Identifikation von intrinsischen Motivatoren, die bei der Berufswahl Psychiatrie eine Rolle spielen.

Methodik 14 leitfadengestützte Tiefeninterviews wurden mithilfe von Codierungsrahmen systematisch ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Positive Aspekte waren der zwischenmenschliche Fokus und der ganzheitliche Ansatz. Negative Dimensionen waren das schlechte Image unter Kolleg*innen, Vorurteile und Stigma. Die Entstigmatisierung der Psychiatrie und die Gleichstellung psychiatrischer mit somatischen Aspekten in Fallberichten wurden als Möglichkeiten vorgeschlagen, das Interesse am Fach Psychiatrie zu erhöhen.

Schlussfolgerung Um die Beliebtheit der Psychiatrie bei Mediziner*innen zu steigern, bedarf es Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung von mit Psychiatrie verbundenem Stigma im Gesundheitswesen. Im Rahmen der medizinischen Lehre müssen psychiatrische Störungen, welche durch ihre hohe Prävalenz alle medizinischen Disziplinen betreffen, entsprechende Gewichtung erhalten.
Teilhabe an Verkehr und Mobilität bei Patienten mit Alkoholabhängigkeit und psychischer Behinderung
Authors: Steinert Tilman , Götzl Stefan , Flammer Erich
Published: May 2021

Hintergrund Die Inklusion im Hinblick auf die persönliche Mobilität (§ 20 der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention) sollte bei einer Stichprobe von Menschen mit Alkoholabhängigkeit und zusätzlicher psychischer Behinderung untersucht werden.

Methode Interviews mit N = 153 Personen in Einrichtungen der Eingliederungshilfe, stationärer und ambulanter Behandlung.

Ergebnisse Die persönliche Mobilität erfolgt wesentlich häufiger als in der Allgemeinbevölkerung mit dem Fahrrad oder zu Fuß. 43,3 % besaßen dennoch ein Kraftfahrzeug.

Schlussfolgerung Der Ausbau von öffentlichem Personennahverkehr und des Radwegenetzes ist auch unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Inklusion von Menschen mit psychischer Erkrankung erstrebenswert.
New Sulfoxide-Containing Derivatives from the Resin of Ferula sinkiangensis
Authors: Wang Junchi , Yan Haoli , Huo Xiaoshuang , Li Lingyu , Wang Huijuan , Zhang Meng , Li Xiaojin , Zhao Yaqin , Chen Gang , Si Jianyong
Published: May 2021

Four undescribed sulfoxide-containing derivatives, sinkiangenoxides A and B, (2Z, 4E)-sinkiangenoxide C, and (2E, 4E)-sinkiangenoxide C (1 – 4), and one known compound, 1-(methylthio)propyl (E)-1-propenyl disulfide (5), were isolated from the resin of Ferula sinkiangensis. Their structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods, including IR, UV, HRESIMS, NMR, and CD analysis. Compounds 2 – 4 showed moderate cytotoxic activities against four human cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 15.0 to 40.3 µM. Sinkiangenoxide B (2) was shown to induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells. In addition, compound 5 effectively attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide release and TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 expression.
Characteristics of Medically Transported Critically Ill Children with Respiratory Failure in Latin America: Implications for Outcomes
Authors: Serra Jesus A. , Díaz Franco , Cruces Pablo , Carvajal Cristobal , Nuñez Maria J. , Donoso A. , Bravo-Serrano J.A. , Carbonell M. , Courtie C. , Fernández A. , Martínez-Arroyo L. , Martínez J. , Menta S. , Pedrozo-Ortiz Luis , Wegner A. , Monteverde-Fernández Nicolas , Jaramillo-Bustamante Juan C. , Jabornisky Roberto , González-Dambrauskas Sebastián , Kudchadkar Sapna R. , Vásquez-Hoyos Pablo ,   On behalf of LARed Network
Published: May 2021

Several challenges exist for referral and transport of critically ill children in resource-limited regions such as Latin America; however, little is known about factors associated with clinical outcomes. Thus, we aimed to describe the characteristics of critically ill children in Latin America transferred to pediatric intensive care units for acute respiratory failure to identify risk factors for mortality. We analyzed data from 2,692 patients admitted to 28 centers in the Pediatric Collaborative Network of Latin America Acute Respiratory Failure Registry. Among patients referred from another facility (773, 28%), nonurban transports were independently associated with mortality (adjusted odds ratio = 9.4; 95% confidence interval: 2.4–36.3).
Sensor could lengthen navigational time of vehicles underwater
Authors: Lim Alane
Published: May 2021

An underwater sensor design may dramatically lower the power consumption of underwater sensing devices.
Rapid formation of large-area MoS2 monolayers by a parameter resilient atomic layer deposition approach
Authors: Gonzalez Marco A. , Pareek Devendra , Büsing Lukas , Beer Marcel , Parisi Jürgen , Schäfer Sascha , Gütay Levent
Published: May 2021

In this work, an atomic layer deposition approach for the synthesis of MoS2 monolayers is presented. Optical properties of the prepared large-area samples were characterized by Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies, yielding homogeneous optical properties in 5 × 5 mm2 areas. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy demonstrate closed films with grain sizes in the micrometer range. Crucial process parameters and their impact on the properties of the resulting layers are discussed, highlighting the resilience of the process with a broad parameter window for obtaining monolayer films with a high PL yield.
Design of a one-dimensional underwater acoustic leaky wave antenna using an elastic metamaterial waveguide
Authors: Broadman Craig W. , Naify Christina J. , Lee Michael J. , Haberman Michael R.
Published: May 2021

Acoustic imaging in water traditionally relies on phased arrays of active electro-acoustic transducers to steer acoustic energy in specific directions. One potential alternative approach to steer acoustic beams is to use a single transducer attached to a dispersive antenna that radiates or receives acoustic energy from different directions as the frequency of operation changes. This is known as a leaky wave antenna (LWA). While LWAs have been proven effective in beam steering for electromagnetic and air-borne acoustic waves, the design of an analog device in water presents a unique challenge due to the low contrast in acoustic impedance between elastic solids and water, which necessitates the consideration of fluid-elastic coupling in the design of the elastic LWA. This work presents an approach to design an elastic metamaterial waveguide coupled to an external fluid domain as one means to create an acoustic LWA for underwater operation. Forward-to-backward radiation is achieved through the design of mass-in-cavity structures that produce simultaneous negative effective mass and modulus by considering fluid-elastic coupling. The design is presented through finite element analysis of individual unit cells and a water-loaded elastic LWA. A design example is presented that steers through backfire to endfire as a function of input frequency.
Magnetotransport and thermal properties of microwave synthesized nanostructured Bi2Te3
Authors: Bera Sumit , Behera Prakash , Venkatesh R. , Ganesan V.
Published: May 2021

Magnetotransport and thermal properties of microwave-synthesized nanostructured Bi2Te3, a well-known material of topological interest, have been studied in detail. Temperature-dependent resistivity shows a disordered metal-like behavior at high temperature with unsaturated ln(T)-dependent upturns at low temperature manifesting localization tendency. The slopes (κ) of the normalized conductivity (Δσ) vs ln(T) curves change sharply with magnetic fields upto 1 T and then saturate at a certain higher field (Bϕ), which is an indication of a combined electron–electron interaction and quantum interference effect (QIE) dominated transport. A noteworthy result is a crossover from positive to negative Coulomb screening factor (F) in Bi2Te3. Low-field (H ≤ 1 T) magnetoconductivity at low temperature follows a 2D Hikami–Larkin–Nagaoka equation, thereby revealing the QIE and associated dephasing nature of the electronic states at high temperatures. High-field (14 T) magnetoresistance (MR) at 2 K shows interesting features like low-field weak antilocalization, possibly a defect-induced negative MR that vanishes after post-annealing treatment, and a high field parabolic character in place. The Seebeck coefficient (S) is negative and varies quasilinearly with a slight but notable slope change at intermediate temperatures. Heat capacity measurements are in line with a narrow gap degenerate semiconductor with a low θD of 140 K. A combined analysis of heat capacity and thermopower reveals the localization of carriers at low temperatures and is in line with transport data.
Optical and structural investigation of a 10 μm InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice on GaAs
Authors: Kwan D. C. M. , Kesaria M. , Anyebe E. A. , Alshahrani D. O. , Delmas M. , Liang B. L. , Huffaker D. L.
Published: May 2021

We report on a 10 μm InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice (T2SL) grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a GaAs substrate using an interfacial misfit (IMF) array and investigate the optical and structural properties in comparison with a T2SL grown on a GaSb substrate. The reference T2SL on GaSb is of high structural quality as evidenced in the high-resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD) measurement. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the HRXRD peak of the T2SL on GaAs is 5 times larger than that on GaSb. The long-wave infrared (LWIR) emission spectra were analyzed, and the observed transitions were in good agreement with the calculated emission energies. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity maxima (Imax) of ∼10 μm at 77 K is significantly reduced by a factor of 8.5 on the GaAs substrate. The peak fitting analysis of the PL profile indicates the formation of sub-monolayer features at the interfaces. PL mapping highlights the non-uniformity of the T2SL on GaAs which corroborates with Nomarski imaging, suggesting an increase in defect density.
A near analytic solution of a stochastic immune response model considering variability in virus and T-cell dynamics
Authors: Batra Abhilasha , Sharma Rati
Published: May 2021

Biological processes at the cellular level are stochastic in nature, and the immune response system is no different. Therefore, models that attempt to explain this system need to also incorporate noise or fluctuations that can account for the observed variability. In this work, a stochastic model of the immune response system is presented in terms of the dynamics of T cells and virus particles. Making use of the Green’s function and the Wilemski–Fixman approximation, this model is then solved to obtain the analytical expression for the joint probability density function of these variables in the early and late stages of infection. This is then also used to calculate the average level of virus particles in the system. Upon comparing the theoretically predicted average virus levels to those of COVID-19 patients, it is hypothesized that the long-lived dynamics that are characteristics of such viral infections are due to the long range correlations in the temporal fluctuations of the virions. This model, therefore, provides an insight into the effects of noise on viral dynamics.
Dissolution–precipitation growth of doped monolayer molybdenum disulfide through double-faced precursor supply
Authors: Lai Yongjue , Tan Junyang , Cai Zhengyang , Zhang Rongjie , Teng Changjiu , Zhao Shilong , Lin Junhao , Liu Bilu
Published: May 2021

Substitutional doping is a powerful strategy to modulate the properties and functionalities of two-dimensional (2D) materials while control of dopants during the process is still challenging. Recently, we invented a dissolution–precipitation (DP) method to grow 2D materials. Here, we further extend this method by developing a double-faced precursor supply DP growth strategy to substitutionally dope metal atoms into monolayer MoS2 lattices. In this double-faced precursor supply DP method, the Mo source and dopant source are supplied from the bottom and top surface of the glass substrate, respectively, to separate their diffusion paths. As a result, monolayer MoS2 incorporated with different concentrations of V atoms were grown by tuning the amount of V precursor, which exhibited different types of electrical transport properties. This new doping method is universal in growing several transition metal atom doped MoS2, including Re, Fe, and Cr, which will extend the applications of 2D materials.
Solar contribution allocation method in heat and power in a solar-aided CHP system by tracing exergy flows
Authors: Wu Junjie , Han Yu
Published: May 2021

Solar-aided combined heat and power (CHP) system is a promising technology in North and West China. This study modeled the energy, exergy, and solar exergy balances of key components in a solar-aided CHP system to quantify the solar contribution in heat and power. Besides, thermodynamic performance of integration mode I (i.e., using solar heat to fully replace extraction steam) and integration mode II (i.e., using solar heat for direct heating) were compared under design and off-design conditions. On the design condition, the increased power generation were 7.43 and 4.69 MW for integration modes I and II, respectively. Integration mode I performed better boosting the conversion efficiencies of energy, exergy, and solar exergy by 0.37%, 0.47%, and 2.66%. The off-design conditions were caused by heating load demand and direct normal irradiation (DNI). With increasing heating load demand, the conversion efficiencies of solar energy and solar exergy increased for integration mode I and remained unchanged for integration mode II. Only when the heating load demand was higher than 70%, the conversion efficiency of solar exergy for integration mode I was higher than that of integration mode II. With increasing DNI, the conversion efficiencies of solar energy and solar exergy increased for integration modes I and II. Only when DNI was below 900 W/m2, the conversion efficiency of solar exergy in integration mode I was higher than that of integration mode II. The above-mentioned results provided references to choose the proper integration mode according to the environmental conditions.
Inverted conical methane/air flame shape transformation under acoustic excitation
Authors: Krikunova A. I. , Arefyev K. Y. , Saveliev A. S. , Kossov G. A. , Cheshko A. D.
Published: May 2021

An inverted conical plane-symmetrical premixed methane–air flame under acoustic excitation was investigated experimentally. The flame was a conical one stabilized by a thin transverse rod. The Reynolds numbers were varied within 400–3000, and the fuel equivalence ratios were 0.8–1.4. Such a flame can take the shape of two fundamentally different types: M—when the flame front attaches both to the nozzle edge and stabilization rod; V—only to the stabilization rod. The transition conditions from one front configuration to another (M–V and V–M) were studied under various excitation parameters. Acoustic disturbances with a frequency of up to 420 Hz and an amplitude of longitudinal velocity pulsations up to 10% of the mean flow velocity excited the flame. New experimental data were obtained on the conditions corresponding to the M–V and V–M transitions. Qualitative and quantitative parameters of the hysteresis effect at which M–V and V–M transitions are realized, similar to the case of swirling flames, were revealed. The frequencies at which the acoustics most strongly affects the M–V and V–M transitions conditions were found. The hysteresis deterioration for M–V and V–M transitions was shown for the first time. It was noted that the conditions for the hysteresis deterioration are close to the theoretical frequency of the descent of vortices from the nozzle edge. The local maxima of the characteristic Strouhal numbers corresponding to the features of the minimum divergence of the flow velocities at the M–V and V–M transitions were determined.