bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic Nebulization for the Elemental Analysis of Microgram-Level Samples with Offline Aerosol Mass Spectrometry
Authors: O'Brien Rachel E. , Ridley Kelsey J. , Canagaratna Manjula R. , Jayne John T. , Croteau Philip L. , Worsnop Douglas R. , Budisulistiorini Sri Hapsari , Surratt Jason D. , Follett Christopher L. , Repeta Daniel J. , Kroll Jesse H.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The elemental composition of organic material in environmental samples – including atmospheric organic aerosol, dissolved organic matter, and other complex mixtures – provides insights into their sources and environmental processing. However, standard analytical techniques for measuring elemental ratios typically require large sample sizes (milligrams of material or more). Here we characterize a method for measuring elemental ratios in environmental samples, requiring only micrograms of material, using a Small Volume Nebulizer (SVN). The technique uses ultrasonic nebulization of samples to generate aerosol particles (100–300 nm diameter), which are then analyzed using an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS). We demonstrate that the technique generates aerosol from complex organic mixtures with minimal changes to the elemental composition of the organic and that quantification is possible using internal standards (e.g., NH415NO3). Sample volumes of 2–4 uL with total solution concentrations of at least 0.2–g/L form sufficient particle mass for elemental ratio measurement by the AMS, despite only a small fraction (~ 0.1 %) of the sample forming fine particles while the remainder end up as larger droplets. The method was applied to aerosol filter extracts from the field and laboratory, as well as to dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the North Pacific Ocean. In the case of aerosol particles, the mass spectra and elemental ratios from the SVN-AMS agree with those from online AMS sampling; similarly, for DOM, the elemental ratios determined from the SVN-AMS agree with those determined using combustion analysis. The SVN-AMS provides a platform for the rapid quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of complex organic mixtures and non-refractory inorganic salts from microgram samples with applications that include analysis of aerosol extracts, and terrestrial and atmospheric dissolved organic matter.
Mercury’s Sodium Exosphere: An ab initio Calculation to Interpret MASCS/UVVS Observations from MESSENGER
Authors: Gamborino Diana , Vorburger Audrey , Wurz Peter
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The optical spectroscopy measurements of sodium in Mercury’s exosphere by MESSENGER MASCS/UVVS have been interpreted before with a model employing two exospheric components of different temperatures. Here we use an updated version of the Monte Carlo (MC) exosphere model developed by Wurz and Lammer (2003) to calculate the Na content of the exosphere for the observation conditions. In addition, we compare our results to the ones according to Chamberlain theory. Studying several release mechanisms, we find that close to the surface thermal desorption dominates driven by a surface temperature of 594 K, whereas at higher altitudes micro-meteorite impact vaporization prevails with a characteristic energy of 0.34 eV. From the surface up to 500 km the MC model results agree with the Chamberlain model, and both agree well with the observations. At higher altitudes, the MC model using micro-meteorite impact vaporization explains the observation well. We find that the combination of thermal desorption and micro-meteorite impact vaporization reproduces the observation of the selected day quantitatively over the entire observed altitude range, with the calculations performed based on the prevailing environment and orbit parameters. These findings may help to improve our understanding of the physical conditions at Mercury’s exosphere, as well as to better interpret mass-spectrometry data obtained to date and in future missions, such as BepiColombo.
Dynamics of a geomagnetic storm on 7–10 September 2015 as observed by TWINS and simulated by CIMI
Authors: Perez Joseph D. , Edmond James , Hill Shannon , Xu Hanyun , Buzulukova Natalia , Fok Mei-Ching , Goldstein Jerry , McComas David J. , Valek Phil
Published: October 2018

Abstract. For the first time, direct comparisons of the equatorial ion partial pressure
and pitch angle anisotropy observed by TWINS and simulated by CIMI are
presented. The TWINS ENA images are from a 4-day period, 7–10 September
2015. The simulations use both the empirical Weimer 2K and the
self-consistent RCM electric potentials. There are two moderate storms in
succession during this period. In most cases, we find that the general
features of the ring current in the inner magnetosphere obtained from the
observations and the simulations are similar. Nevertheless, we do also see
consistent contrasts between the simulations and observations. The simulated
partial pressure peaks are often inside the observed peaks and more toward
dusk than the measured values. There are also cases in which the measured
equatorial ion partial pressure shows multiple peaks that are not seen in the
simulations. This occurs during a period of intense AE index. The CIMI
simulations consistently show regions of parallel anisotropy spanning the
night side between approximately 6 and 8 RE, whereas the
parallel anisotropy is seen in the observations only during the main phase of
the first storm. The evidence from the unique global view provided by the
TWINS observations strongly suggests that there are features in the ring
current partial pressure distributions that can be best explained by enhanced
electric shielding and/or spatially localized, short-duration injections.
The ability of macroalgae to mitigate the negative effects of ocean acidification on four species of North Atlantic bivalve
Authors: Young Craig S. , Gobler Christopher J.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Coastal ecosystems can experience acidification via upwelling,
eutrophication, riverine discharge, and climate change. While the resulting
increases in pCO2 can have deleterious effects on
calcifying animals, this change in carbonate chemistry may benefit some
marine autotrophs. Here, we report on experiments performed with North
Atlantic populations of hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria), eastern
oysters (Crassostrea virginica), bay scallops (Argopecten irradians), and blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) grown with and
without North Atlantic populations of the green macroalgae, Ulva. In
six of seven experiments, exposure to elevated pCO2 levels
(∼1700 µatm) resulted in depressed shell- and/or
tissue-based growth rates of bivalves compared to control conditions, whereas
rates were significantly higher in the presence of Ulva in all
experiments. In many cases, the co-exposure to elevated
pCO2 levels and Ulva had an antagonistic effect
on bivalve growth rates whereby the presence of Ulva under elevated
pCO2 levels significantly improved their performance
compared to the acidification-only treatment. Saturation states for calcium
carbonate (Ω) were significantly higher in the presence of
Ulva under both ambient and elevated CO2 delivery rates,
and growth rates of bivalves were significantly correlated with Ω in
six of seven experiments. Collectively, the results suggest that
photosynthesis and/or nitrate assimilation by Ulva increased
alkalinity, fostering a carbonate chemistry regime more suitable for optimal
growth of calcifying bivalves. This suggests that large natural and/or
aquacultured collections of macroalgae in acidified environments could serve
as a refuge for calcifying animals that may otherwise be negatively impacted
by elevated pCO2 levels and depressed Ω.
The distinct roles of two intertidal foraminiferal species in phytodetrital carbon and nitrogen fluxes – results from laboratory feeding experiments
Authors: Wukovits Julia , Oberrauch Max , Enge Annekatrin J. , Heinz Petra
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Benthic foraminifera play a major role as primary consumers and detrivores
redistributing organic carbon and nitrogen in intertidal environments. Here
we compared the differences of phytodetrital carbon and nitrogen intake and
turnover of two dominant intertidal foraminifera, Ammonia tepida and
Haynesina germanica. Their lifestyles in relation to feeding
behavior (feeding preferences, intake and turnover of phytodetrital carbon
and nitrogen) and temperature adaptations were compared to obtain a closer
definition of their specific roles in intertidal organic matter processing.
For this comparison, we carried out a series of short-term laboratory
incubations with stable-isotope-labeled (13C and 15N) detritus as
the food source. We compared the response of the two species to diatom detritus
at three different temperatures (15, 20,
25 ∘C). Ammonia tepida showed a very high,
temperature-influenced intake and turnover rates with more excessive carbon
turnover, compared to nitrogen. The fairly low metabolic nitrogen turnover in
H. germanica was not affected by temperature and was higher than the
carbon turnover. This might be related with the chloroplast husbandry in
H. germanica and its lower demands for food-derived nitrogen
sources. Ammonia tepida prefers a soft chlorophyte food source over
diatom detritus, which is harder to break down. In conclusion,
A. tepida shows a generalist behavior that links with high fluxes
of organic matter (OM). Due to its high rates of OM processing and
abundances, we conclude that A. tepida is an important key player in
intertidal carbon and nitrogen turnover, specifically in the short-term
processing of OM and the mediation of dissolved nutrients to associated
microbes and primary producers. In contrast, H. germanica is a
highly specialized species with low rates of carbon and nitrogen budgeting.
Fire, vegetation, and Holocene climate in a southeastern Tibetan lake: a multi-biomarker reconstruction from Paru Co
Authors: Callegaro Alice , Battistel Dario , Kehrwald Natalie M. , Matsubara Pereira Felipe , Kirchgeorg Torben , Villoslada Hidalgo Maria del Carmen , Bird Broxton W. , Barbante Carlo
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The fire history of the Tibetan Plateau over centennial to millennial
timescales is not well known. Recent ice core studies reconstruct fire
history over the past few decades but do not extend through the Holocene.
Lacustrine sedimentary cores, however, can provide continuous records of
local environmental change on millennial scales during the Holocene through
the accumulation and preservation of specific organic molecular biomarkers.
To reconstruct Holocene fire events and vegetation changes occurring on the
southeastern Tibetan Plateau and the surrounding areas, we used a multi-proxy
approach, investigating multiple biomarkers preserved in core sediment
samples retrieved from Paru Co, a small lake located in the Nyainqentanglha
Mountains (29∘47′45.6′′ N, 92∘21′07.2′′ E;
4845 m a.s.l.). Biomarkers include n-alkanes as indicators of vegetation,
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as combustion proxies, fecal sterols
and stanols (FeSts) as indicators of the presence of humans or grazing
animals, and finally monosaccharide anhydrides (MAs) as specific markers of
vegetation burning processes. Insolation changes and the associated influence
on the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) affect the vegetation distribution and
fire types recorded in Paru Co throughout the Holocene. The early Holocene
(10.7–7.5 cal kyr BP) n-alkane ratios demonstrate oscillations between
grass and conifer communities, resulting in respective smouldering fires
represented by levoglucosan peaks, and high-temperature fires represented by
high-molecular-weight PAHs. Forest cover increases with a strengthened ISM,
where coincident high levoglucosan to mannosan (L ∕ M)
ratios are consistent with conifer burning. The decrease in
the ISM at 4.2 cal kyr BP corresponds with the expansion of regional
civilizations, although the lack of human FeSts above the method detection
limits excludes local anthropogenic influence on fire and vegetation changes.
The late Holocene is characterized by a relatively shallow lake surrounded by
grassland, where all biomarkers other than PAHs display only minor
variations. The sum of PAHs steadily increases throughout the late Holocene,
suggesting a net increase in local to regional combustion that is separate
from vegetation and climate change.
Pollen-based quantitative land-cover reconstruction for northern Asia during the last 40 ka
Authors: Cao Xianyong , Tian Fang , Li Furong , Gaillard Marie-José , Rudaya Natalia , Herzschuh Ulrike
Published: October 2018

Abstract. We collected the available relative pollen productivity (RPP) estimates for 27 major pollen taxa from Eurasia and applied them to estimate plant abundances during the last 40 cal. ka BP (calibrated thousand-year before the present) using pollen counts from 203 fossil pollen records in northern Asia (north of 40° N). These pollen records were organised into 42 site groups; and regional mean plant abundances were calculated using the REVEALS (Regional Estimates of Vegetation Abundance from Large Sites) model. Time-series clustering, constrained hierarchical clustering, and detrended canonical correspondence analysis were performed to investigate the regional pattern, time, and strength of vegetation changes, respectively. Reconstructed regional land cover for each site group is generally consistent with in situ modern vegetation in that vegetation changes within the regions are characterized by minor changes in the abundance of major taxa rather than by invasions of new taxa, particularly during the Holocene. We argue that pollen-based REVEALS estimates of plant abundances should be a more reliable reflection of the vegetation as pollen may overestimate the turnover, particularly when a high pollen producer invades areas dominated by low pollen producers. Comparisons with vegetation-independent climate records show that climate change is the primary factor driving land-cover changes at broad spatial and temporal scales. Vegetation changes in certain regions or periods, however, could not be explained by direct climate change, for example inland Siberia, where a sharp increase in evergreen conifer tree abundance occurred at ca. 7~8 cal. ka BP despite an unchanging climate, potentially reflecting their response to complex climate-permafrost-fire-vegetation interactions and thus a possible lagged climate response.
A new global dataset of phase synchronization of temperature and
precipitation: its climatology and contribution to global vegetation
productivity
Authors: Sun Zhigang , Ouyang Zhu , Zhang Xubo , Ren Wei
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Besides cumulative temperature and precipitation, the phase synchronization of temperature and precipitation also helps to regulate vegetation distribution and productivity across global lands. However, the phase synchronization has been rarely considered in previous studies related to climate and biogeography due to a lack of a robust and quantitative approach. In this study, we proposed a synchronization index of temperature and precipitation (SI-TaP) and then investigated its global spatial distribution, interannual fluctuation, and long-term trend derived from a global 60-year dataset of meteorological forcings. Further investigation was conducted to understand the relationship between SI-TaP and the annually summed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which could be a proxy of terrestrial vegetation productivity. Results show differences in both spatial patterns and temporal variations between SI-TaP and air temperature and precipitation, but SI-TaP may help to explain the distribution and productivity of terrestrial vegetation. About 60 % of regions where annually summed NDVI is greater than half of its maximum value overlap regions where SI-TaP is greater than half of its maximum value. By using SI-TaP to explain vegetation productivity along with temperature and precipitation, the maximum increase in the coefficient of determination is 0.66 across global lands. Results from this study suggest that the proposed SI-TaP index is helpful to better understand climate change and its relation to the biota. Dataset available at http://www.dx.doi.org/10.11922/sciencedb.642 or http://www.sciencedb.cn/dataSet/handle/642.
A giant mite in Cretaceous Burmese amber
Authors: Dunlop Jason A. , Frahnert Konrad , Mąkol Joanna
Published: October 2018

Abstract. An unusually large acariform mite is described as Immensmaris
chewbaccei gen. et sp. nov. from the Cretaceous (ca. 100 Ma)
Burmese amber of Myanmar. With an idiosoma plus gnathosoma more than a
centimetre long, it represents the largest unequivocal fossil mite ever
recorded and approaches the maximum size of the largest living Acariformes
today. Although some details of the dorsal idiosoma are equivocal, the new
fossil appears to belong to Smarididae (Prostigmata: Parasitengona:
Erythraeoidea) and also represents the largest erythraeoid mite ever
discovered, indicating a clade of giant, possibly arboreal, mites in the Late
Cretaceous of southeastern Asia.
A Network of Magnetometers for Multi-Scale Urban Science and Informatics
Authors: Bowen Trevor A. , Zhivun Elena , Wickenbrock Arne , Dumont Vincent , Bale Stuart D. , Pankow Christopher , Dobler Gregory , Wurtele Jonathan S. , Budker Dmitry
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The magnetic signature of an urban environment is investigated using a geographically distributed network of fluxgate magnetometers deployed in and around Berkeley, California. The system hardware and software are described and initial operations of the network are reported. The sensors measure vector magnetic fields at a 3,960 Hz sample rate and are sensitive to 0.1 nT / √Hz. Data from individual stations are synchronized to ± 120 μs using GPS and computer system clocks and automatically uploaded to a central server. We present the initial observations of the network as well as preliminary efforts to correlate sensors. A wavelet analysis is used to study observations of the urban magnetic field over a wide range of temporal scales. The Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) is identified as dominant signal in our observations, exhibiting both aspects of broadband noise and coherent periodic features. Significant differences are observed in both day/night and weekend/weekday signatures. A superposed epoch analysis is used to study and extract the BART signal.
Improving climate model accuracy by exploring parameter space with an O(105) member ensemble and emulator
Authors: Li Sihan , Rupp David E. , Hawkins Linnia , Mote Philip W. , McNeall Doug , Sparrow Sarah N. , Wallom David C. H. , Betts Richard A. , Wettstein Justin J.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Understanding the unfolding challenges of climate change relies on climate models, many of which have large summer warm and dry biases over Northern Hemisphere continental mid-latitudes. This work, using the example of the model used in the updated version of the weather@home distributed climate model framework, shows the potential for improving climate model simulations through a multi-phased parameter refinement approach, particularly over northwestern United States(NWUS). Each phase consists of 1) creating a perturbed physics ensemble with the coupled global – regional atmospheric model, 2) building statistical emulators that estimate climate metrics as functions of parameter values, 3) and using the emulators to further refine the parameter space. The refinement process includes sensitivity analyses to identify the most influential parameters for various model output metrics; results are then used to cull parameters with little influence. Three phases of this iterative process are carried out before the results are considered to be satisfactory; that is, a handful of parameter sets are identified that meet acceptable bias reduction criteria. Results not only indicate that 74 % of the NWUS regional warm biases can be reduced by refining global atmospheric parameters that control convection and hydrometeor transport, and land surface parameters that affect plant photosynthesis, transpiration and evaporation, but also suggest that this iterative approach to perturbed physics has an important role to play in the evolution of physical parameterizations.
Laboratory modelling of urban flooding: strengths and challenges of distorted scale models
Authors: Li Xuefang , Erpicum Sébastien , Bruwier Martin , Mignot Emmanuel , Finaud-Guyot Pascal , Archambeau Pierre , Pirotton Michel , Dewals Benjamin
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Laboratory experiments are a viable approach to improve process-understanding and generate data for the validation of computational models. However, laboratory scale models of urban flooding are often distorted, i.e. different scale factors are used in the horizontal and vertical directions. This may result in artefacts when transposing the laboratory observations to the prototype scale. The magnitude of such artefacts was not studied in the past for the specific case of urban flooding. Here, we present a preliminary assessment of these artefacts based on the reanalysis of two recent experimental datasets related to flooding of a group of buildings and of an entire urban district, respectively. The results reveal that, in the tested configurations, the influence of model distortion on the upscaled values of water depths and discharges are both of the order of 10 %. This is comparable to other sources of uncertainties, such as on hydrological data.
Recent evolution and associated hydrological dynamics of a vanishing tropical Andean glacier: Glaciar de Conejeras, Colombia
Authors: Morán-Tejeda Enrique , Ceballos Jorge Luis , Peña Katherine , Lorenzo-Lacruz Jorge , López-Moreno Juan Ignacio
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Glaciers in the inner tropics are rapidly retreating due to atmospheric
warming. In Colombia, this retreat is accelerated by volcanic activity, and
most glaciers are in their last stages of existence. There is general
concern about the hydrological implications of receding glaciers, as they
constitute important freshwater reservoirs and, after an initial increase in
melting flows due to glacier retreat, a decrease in water resources is
expected in the long term as glaciers become smaller. In this paper, we
perform a comprehensive study of the evolution of a small Colombian glacier,
Conejeras (Parque Nacional Natural de los Nevados) that has been monitored
since 2006, with a special focus on the hydrological response of the
glacierized catchment. The glacier shows great sensitivity to changes in
temperature and especially to the evolution of the El Niño–Southern
Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, with great loss of mass and area during El
Niño warm events. Since 2006, it has suffered a 37 % reduction, from
22.45 ha in 2006 to 12 ha in 2017, with an especially abrupt reduction since
2014. During the period of hydrological monitoring (June 2013 to December 2017),
streamflow at the outlet of the catchment experienced a noticeable
cycle of increasing flows up to mid-2016 and decreasing flows afterwards.
The same cycle was observed for other hydrological indicators, including the
slope of the rising flow limb and the monthly variability of flows. We
observed an evident change in the daily hydrograph, from a predominance of
days with a purely melt-driven hydrograph up to mid-2016, to an increase in
the frequency of days with flows less influenced by melt after 2016. Such a
hydrological cycle is not directly related to fluctuations of temperature or
precipitation; therefore, it is reasonable to consider that it is the
response of the glacierized catchment to retreat of the glacier. Results
confirm the necessity for small-scale studies at a high temporal resolution,
in order to understand the hydrological response of glacier-covered
catchments to glacier retreat and imminent glacier extinction.
Reconstruction and simulation of an extreme flood event in the Lago Maggiore catchment in 1868
Authors: Stucki Peter , Bandhauer Moritz , Heikkilä Ulla , Rössler Ole , Zappa Massimiliano , Pfister Lucas , Salvisberg Melanie , Froidevaux Paul , Martius Olivia , Panziera Luca , Brönnimann Stefan
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Heavy precipitation on the south side of the central Alps
produced a catastrophic flood in October 1868. We assess the damage and
societal impacts, as well as the atmospheric and hydrological drivers using
documentary evidence, observations and novel numerical weather and runoff
simulations. The greatest damage was concentrated close to the Alpine divide and Lago
Maggiore. An atmospheric reanalysis emphasizes the repeated occurrence of
streamers of high potential vorticity as precursors of heavy precipitation.
Dynamical downscaling indicates high freezing levels (4000 m a.s.l.),
extreme precipitation rates (max. 270 mm 24 h−1) and weather dynamics that agree well with observed
precipitation and damage, and with existing concepts of forced low-level
convergence, mid-level uplift and iterative northeastward propagation of
convective cells. Simulated and observed peak levels of Lago Maggiore differ
by 2 m, possibly because the exact cross section of the lake outflow is
unknown. The extreme response of Lago Maggiore cannot be attributed to low
forest cover. Nevertheless, such a paradigm was adopted by policy makers
following the 1868 flood, and used to implement nationwide afforestation
policies and hydraulic structures. These findings illustrate the potential of high-resolution,
hydrometeorological models – strongly supported by historical methods –
to shed new light on weather events and their socio-economic implications in
the 19th century.
Re-evaluating safety risks of multifunctional dikes with a probabilistic risk framework
Authors: Marijnissen Richard , Kok Matthijs , Kroeze Carolien , van Loon-Steensma Jantsje
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Multifunctional use of flood defences is often seen as a disadvantage for flood protection. Safety assessments of multifunctional dikes only require functions do not negatively affect safety but leave potential synergies untapped. This study synthesizes the new probabilistic approaches to evaluate the safety of multifunctional flood defences employed in the Netherlands after the introduction of the new Water Act and explores how this affects the assessed risk of flooding. While a traditional conservative approach does lead to safe assessments, a probabilistic approach assesses a higher protection level of the dike. Positive contributions of functions to safety can be included in a probabilistic approach even when in a critical state there is a negative contribution to safety. In a probabilistic approach the probability of such scenarios is made explicit. Multifunctional flood defences thereby are more safe than is expected from conservative assessments only.
The Writing Program Administrator as Interstitial Radical
Authors: Farmer Frank
Published: October 2018

Drawing upon personal experience as a writing program administrator at a research university, and marshaling a body of critical scholarship that examines how neoliberal ideology in the academy might be opposed, the author discusses interstitial resistance in the form of a curricular alternative--namely, the outsider genre of zines. Because zines typically embody a "worldview dramatically at odds with the [one] cultivated and reinforced by institutions of higher education," zines offer students an alternative point of view not usually found in standard writing curricula.While the author uses zines as a central illustration, the purpose here is to encourage readers to find the "cracks and fissures" in their own institutions so that the insinuations of neoliberal policies might be resisted through teaching and administrative initiatives.
Efectos de una intervención siguiendo el modelo enfocado en la familia para promover avances en el desarrollo del lenguaje de los niños
Authors: Domeniconi Camila , Gracia Marta
Published: October 2018

La intervención siguiendo el modelo enfocado en la familia, como camino hacia las prácticas centradas en la familia, aprovecha las situaciones naturales de las rutinas diarias para promover el desarrollo de los niños. El estudio ha tenido como objetivo implementar y evaluar la eficacia de una intervención centrada en cuatro familias para conseguir el avance en las habilidades comunicativas de sus hijos de cinco años, medidas a través de pruebas estandarizadas de lenguaje, y de análisis de actividades comunicativas con los padres y con la investigadora. Las familias participaron en cinco reuniones donde se discutieron estrategias útiles para ayudar a los niños a superar nuevos retos comunicativos. El análisis de los datos pone de relieve que todos los niños han mejorado sus habilidades comunicativas, en todas las valoraciones. Asimismo, reflejan una vez más la importancia de la interacción comunicativa entre adultos y niños, y el potencial de una intervención siguiendo un modelo enfocado en la familia para promover avances en el desarrollo comunicativo de los niños.
Parálisis supranuclear progresiva: estudio longitudinal a partir del análisis acústico del habla
Authors: Pell Fonts Eulàlia
Published: October 2018

El objetivo de este estudio es medir de forma objetiva y cuantitativa los distintos parámetros del habla en un caso de Parálisis Supranuclear Progresiva durante un periodo de cuatro años. Se realizó un análisis acústico de la vocal sostenida /a/, del automatismo “1,2,3,4” y de la repetición rápida de las sílabas /pa/, /ta/, /ka/ y /pataka/. Se consideraron diversos parámetros: la frecuencia fundamental (F0), el tiempo máximo fonatorio (TMF), la intensidad, los formantes, el shimmer, el jitter, el ruido en relación con los armónicos (NHR), la duración y el número de sílabas, el “Voice Onset Time” (VOT), la tasa de habla, la tasa de silencios y los aspectos prosódicos del habla. Las alteraciones en la voz y en el habla evolucionan hacia la imprecisión articulatoria, una pobre calidad vocal, reducido TMF, reducida tasa del habla, disminución de la variabilidad de la entonación y pausas prolongadas en las diadococinesias. El análisis reveló la coincidencia en el tiempo entre el deterioro progresivo del habla en general y el elevado porcentaje de cierres incompletos en el VOT, con la disfagia
Vivencia del derecho internacional público y aproximaciones para una conciliación hermenéutica de los artículos 26 y 62 de la Convención de Viena de 1969
Authors: Téllez Núñez Alvaro Andrés
Published: October 2018

De una lectura sistemática de los artículos 26 y 62 de la Convención de Viena de 1969 podría inferirse una aparente contradicción para el intérprete. La primera disposición, que establece el principio pacta sunt servanda, y la segunda, que contiene la cláusula rebus sic stantibus, en el contexto del derecho de los tratados, indicarían que ellas operan entre sí como regla y excepción respectivamente. Sin embargo, en el marco de una investigación hermenéutica sobre la realidad del derecho internacional público contemporáneo, que tiene a los Estados como textos vivientes y que busca auscultar qué hay detrás, no solo de las normas escritas, sino también de la conducta de los sujetos de derecho internacional, este artículo propone una hipótesis de trabajo consistente en afirmar que lo que se llama derecho internacional público coincide con la práctica actual de los Estados, y que lejos de lo afirmado por la Declaración de Londres de 1871, antecedente medianamente remoto de la cláusula rebus sic stantibus, los Estados siempre serán jueces de sus propias conductas, no en el sentido de litigio, sino en el sentido de un conjunto de valoraciones continuas bajo una óptica hermenéutica. Para demostrar la hipótesis de trabajo se recurre a una aproximación multidimensional que cubre, entre otras herramientas de análisis, el law and economics y el derecho internacional de la inversión extranjera.
Loss and preservation of case in Germanic non-standard varieties
Authors: Baechler Raffaela , Pröll Simon
Published: October 2018

This paper deals with inflectional change in Germanic standard and non-standard varieties, challenging the standard model of phonologically driven case loss in favour of a model that allows for interaction between phonological, syntactic, and purely morphological processes. After providing evidence from the language histories of the modern, standardised varieties of High German and Swedish which calls into question the exclusive role of phonology, we concentrate on two Germanic non-standard varieties: Visperterminen Alemannic, a successor of Old High German, and Övdalian, which stems from Old Dalecarlian (Old Swedish is used as a proxy to Old Dalecarlian). Both can serve as a testing ground for system-internal morphological change, as they carry on specific phonological aspects of their ancestral varieties, and have not been subject to excessive language contact that could have triggered external simplification processes. Using these non-standard varieties as an empirical base, we examine the patterns of loss of inflectional case marking and corresponding compensation strategies on the level of the nominal phrase. It can be shown that, while there are extensive syncretisms in noun inflection, these are systematically compensated for in the noun phrase for dative, but not for the nominative-accusative syncretism. The systematic (non-)compensation in the noun phrase can be explained by word order. Based on our results, we propose an alternative model for morphological change in Germanic that is less prone to counterevidence from non-standard varieties.
Aktualne problemy postępowania pojednawczego
Authors: Ciesliński Marcin Mikołaj
Published: October 2018

The text refers to the evolution and problems with interpretation of provisions of conciliatory court proceeding in Polish law. Conciliatory court proceeding is regulated by articles 184–186 KPC (The Civil Proceedings Code). Author considers the role of that institution and indicates that although there was not many amendments in above provision of law there was some important court decision relating to this proceeding. Also views of doctrine is still developing. Contemporary conciliatory court proceeding can be used to the all cases that could be terminated by agreement also these that are non-litigious proceedings.
It should be noticed that in practice the main role of the conciliatory court proceedings is to interrupt the limitation period. However part of the subjects in civil procedure use the institution contrary to law. They are not interested in agreement but they want only to interrupt the limitation period multiple time to keep their claim. Such way of using conciliatory court proceeding should be treated as abuse of law. Author also shows how important is right classification of conciliatory court proceeding. It can even influence the proper learning process at University.
Finally there are presented proposed amendments in law prepared in Government’s Draft of 27th November 2017 relating to the conciliatory court proceeding.
Author assumes that conclusion of agreement in conciliatory court proceeding is proper way to finish dispute between the parties. It gives possibility to reduce costs, time and even make people to forget and reconcile animosity.
Kontrowersje na temat istoty i charakteru prawnego spraw
o odmowę dokonania przez notariusza czynności notarialnej sprzecznej
z prawem oraz właściwości funkcjonalnej w tych sprawach sądu okręgowego
Authors: Lubiński Kazimierz
Published: October 2018

As a result of a thorough analysis of the title issue, the author comes to the conclusion that the Regional Court, cognizing a complaint against a notary’s refusal to carry out a notarial deed contrary to law, does not resolve the legal dispute between the notary and the participant(s) of the requested notarial deed. The notary is not a participant of such a deed, but the refusal to carry it out is a sui generis decision of the notary as to the compliance of this deed with law. For this reason, the proceedings in this matter may be recognized an equivalent of judicial proceedings in a first instance case. However, the notary’s refusal to carry out the deed whose parties intend to give it a notarial form and which the notary recognized contrary to law shall be qualified as a matter as understood by Art. 45 subpara. 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. Final and binding judgement of the Regional Court as the second instance court on the merit constitutes an act of justice although the court does not resolve the legal dispute, but resolves the exercise of constitutional freedom or human and citizen rights in these matters.
Skutek interwencyjny wyroku w procesie cywilnym
Authors: Weitz Karol
Published: October 2018

This article examines the judgment intervening effect. It is an effect of a judgment issued in the dispute in which third-party intervened in support of a party to that dispute or in which third party acceded to the dispute upon notice. That effect operates in further proceeding between an intervenor and supported party or between summoned party and party who filled a notice. The judgment intervening effect has a procedural nature and may not be disposed by parties. Upon that effect judgment’s sentence and its factual and legal grounds are binding. The effect operates to the benefit as well as to the detriment of involved parties. Judgment intervening effect is taking into consideration ex officio and may be waived in exceptional circumstances.
Contribution to the genus Chilocorus Leach, 1815 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Chilocorini), with descriptions of two new species from China
Authors: Li Wenjing , Huo Lizhi , Wang Di , Ahrens Dirk , Wang Xingmin
Published: October 2018

Twenty species of the genus Chilocorus Leach, 1815 currently known from China are recorded, including two new species described here: C. nigricaeruleus Li & Wang sp. nov. and C. strenotubus Li & Wang sp. nov. Diagnoses and detailed descriptions of the new species are given. Each species is illustrated in detail, including genitalia. Distribution maps, a key to the Chinese species and a world checklist of Chilocorus are given.
Bússola Visual para Futebol de Robôs
Authors: Londero Fabrício Tonetto , Guerra Rodrigo
Published: October 2018

Este artigo descreve um trabalho sobre uma alternativa de solução para o problema de orientação enfrentado por robôs humanóides em partidas de futebol da RoboCup. Usando apenas uma webcam, o robô faz uma análise de frames recebidos com frames armazenados previamente para prever sua orientação no campo. Esta técnica, se bem sucedida, irá apresentar uma solução para um problema muito comum em jogos de futebol de robôs: o gol contra.
O canto como comunicação interpessoal e intrapessoal
Authors:   UCL Institute of Education, University College London, Welch Graham , Preti Costanza ,   UCL Institute of Education, University College London, Hamond Luciana ,   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina
Published: October 2018

A vocalização humana apresenta pontos chave do nosso desenvolvimento musical e é ela que promove nossas primeiras manifestações de habilidades para podermos nos comunicar musicalmente. As melodias da fala constituem os primeiros elementos linguísticos a serem vivenciados e dominados, e são precursores indistinguíveis do canto melódico, posto que são elementos essenciais na comunicação musical intrapessoal e interpessoal. O canto como forma de comunicação tem origem nos contornos melódicos vocais, cujos intervalos musicais são explorados na fala dirigida do adulto1 (pais, responsáveis ou cuidadores)2 ao bebê3 (lactente ou criança) para promover o desenvolvimento da linguagem. Características semelhantes, porém, mais explícitas, são evidenciadas no canto dirigido do adulto ao bebê através de canções de ninar e de canções de brincar. Esses elementos musicais básicos da comunicação podem ser percebidos ainda no útero e formam as bases para as vocalizações e comportamentos musicais subsequentes do bebê. Além disso, a integração fundamental da emoção com a percepção e a cognição dá origem a uma rede de comportamentos vocais e emocionais interligados que são centrais para a comunicação humana. O capítulo investigará a crescente evidência da comunicação musical como parte integral da vocalização humana e da expressão emocional.
Improvement of cold tolerance of winter oilseed rape by exogenous amino acids
Authors: Peleckis Remigijus , Burbulis Natalija , Blinstrubienė Aušra
Published: October 2018

Research was carried out at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University on Calc(ar)i-Endohypogleyic Luvisol (LVg-n-w-cc) during 2014–2017. The effect of exogenous amino acids on the cold tolerance of the linear cultivar ‘Cult’ of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. spp. oleifera biennis Metzg.) was studied. In autumn the plants were sprayed with L-proline and L-glutamic acid one or two times. The biometric parameters of winter oilseed rape prepared for wintering, the amount of endogenous proline and over-wintering of plants were evaluated. It was determined that exogenous L-proline and L-glutamic acid stimulated the growth of green mass of the winter rape surface, accumulation of dry matter and increase of the root neck diameter in the autumn period. The investigated concentrations of L-proline and L-glutamic acid stimulated a more intensive synthesis of endogenous proline in winter oilseed rape plants during the preparation for wintering. The highest percentage of over-wintering has been determined in the variants where in the autumn plants were sprayed two times with 30 mM l–1 L-proline or 1.5 M l–1 L-glutamic acid.
Variation of soil properties in different cultivars of spring wheat crop
Authors: Steponavičienė Vaida , Sinkevičienė Aušra , Skinulienė Lina , Sinkevičius Alfredas , Jodaugienė Darija , Armonaitė Karolina
Published: October 2018

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of spring wheat cultivars on soil properties. In 2017 the experiment was conducted at Kastytis Andriulis’s farm located in Užguriai Village, Vaiguva Eldership, Kelmė District. Three cultivars of spring wheat were selected for this research: ‘Vanek’, ‘KWS Akvilon’ and ‘Rospuda’. The ‘Vanek’ cultivar was chosen as a control. The soil type is defined as Dystric Albeluvisols.
Different cultivars of spring wheat unequally affected the soil humidity and temperature. During the research period, the largest CO2 emission was determined in the ‘KWS Akvilon’ crop. Different cultivars of spring wheat had no significant impact on the soil pHKCl.
Increased levels of net nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and potassium were detected in the soil after the harvest of ‘Rospuda’ and ‘KWS Akvilon’ cultivars.
La Guerra Civil en los libros de visitas. Fuentes de conocimiento sobre formación y participación ciudadana
Authors: Jaén Milla Santiago
Published: October 2018

El trabajo realiza una aproximación a los libros de visitas o firmas de un refugio antiaéreo construido durante la Guerra Civil en Jaén, con la pretensión de valorar la opinión y el conocimiento que escolares, turistas y visitantes en general, tienen hoy en día del conflicto bélico, y apreciar esas opiniones como actos de participación ciudadana sobre el conflicto, el elemento patrimonial visitado y la musealización realizada en el interior del espacio, entre otras cuestiones.
Análisis del discurso especista antropocéntrico en la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria
Authors: González Berruga Patricia , González Berruga Manuel Ángel
Published: October 2018

La cuestión del bienestar animal, la liberación animal y el reconocimiento de los animales como seres sintientes con derechos que protejan su integridad física y psicológica contrarios al discurso especista están cada vez más presentes en el discurso público desde provenientes de diferentes ámbitos. Aunque se observan aportaciones desde diferentes perspectivas y pretensiones, desde una perspectiva crítica, la consideración de los animales no ocupa un espacio relevante en el campo de los estudios sobre educación. El presente artículo muestra los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo es conocer el nivel del discurso especista en el currículo y los recursos didácticos utilizados en Educación Secundaria Obligatoria mediante la técnica del análisis de contenido.
QIIME 2: Reproducible, interactive, scalable, and extensible microbiome data science
Authors: Bolyen Evan , Rideout Jai Ram , Dillon Matthew R , Bokulich Nicholas A , Abnet Christian , Al-Ghalith Gabriel A , Alexander Harriet , Alm Eric J , Arumugam Manimozhiyan , Asnicar Francesco , Bai Yang , Bisanz Jordan E , Bittinger Kyle , Brejnrod Asker , Brislawn Colin J , Brown C Titus , Callahan Benjamin J , Caraballo-Rodríguez Andrés Mauricio , Chase John , Cope Emily , Da Silva Ricardo , Dorrestein Pieter C , Douglas Gavin M , Durall Daniel M , Duvallet Claire , Edwardson Christian F , Ernst Madeleine , Estaki Mehrbod , Fouquier Jennifer , Gauglitz Julia M , Gibson Deanna L , Gonzalez Antonio , Gorlick Kestrel , Guo Jiarong , Hillmann Benjamin , Holmes Susan , Holste Hannes , Huttenhower Curtis , Huttley Gavin , Janssen Stefan , Jarmusch Alan K , Jiang Lingjing , Kaehler Benjamin , Kang Kyo Bin , Keefe Christopher R , Keim Paul , Kelley Scott T , Knights Dan , Koester Irina , Kosciolek Tomasz , Kreps Jorden , Langille Morgan GI , Lee Joslynn , Ley Ruth , Liu Yong-Xin , Loftfield Erikka , Lozupone Catherine , Maher Massoud , Marotz Clarisse , Martin Bryan D , McDonald Daniel , McIver Lauren J , Melnik Alexey V , Metcalf Jessica L , Morgan Sydney C , Morton Jamie , Naimey Ahmad Turan , Navas-Molina Jose A , Nothias Louis Felix , Orchanian Stephanie B , Pearson Talima , Peoples Samuel L , Petras Daniel , Preuss Mary Lai , Pruesse Elmar , Rasmussen Lasse Buur , Rivers Adam , Robeson, II Michael S , Rosenthal Patrick , Segata Nicola , Shaffer Michael , Shiffer Arron , Sinha Rashmi , Song Se Jin , Spear John R , Swafford Austin D , Thompson Luke R , Torres Pedro J , Trinh Pauline , Tripathi Anupriya , Turnbaugh Peter J , Ul-Hasan Sabah , van der Hooft Justin JJ , Vargas Fernando , Vázquez-Baeza Yoshiki , Vogtmann Emily , von Hippel Max , Walters William , Wan Yunhu , Wang Mingxun , Warren Jonathan , Weber Kyle C , Williamson Chase HD , Willis Amy D , Xu Zhenjiang Zech , Zaneveld Jesse R , Zhang Yilong , Knight Rob , Caporaso J Gregory
Published: October 2018

We present QIIME 2, an open-source microbiome data science platform accessible to users spanning the microbiome research ecosystem, from scientists and engineers to clinicians and policy makers. QIIME 2 provides new features that will drive the next generation of microbiome research. These include interactive spatial and temporal analysis and visualization tools, support for metabolomics and shotgun metagenomics analysis, and automated data provenance tracking to ensure reproducible, transparent microbiome data science.