bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
7.4L: Late‐News Paper: A Thinner Phosphor Layer Fabrication Process for AC PDPs
Authors: Mikami Tomohisa , Urieu Eiichi , Ninomiya Syouzou , Oohata Hisayo , Murai Ryuichi
Published: July 2013

SUPER Hi‐VISION PDPs. (SHV‐PDPs) have smaller volume discharge cells, which result in lower discharge efficiency. We have developed a technique for making thinner phosphor layers in PDP discharge cells, using printing technology that can provide a phosphor layer that is only 3 micrometers thick.
9.3: “Round View Display”, Motion Parallax Based 3D Display with Super Wide Viewing Angle
Authors: Takamine Hidefumi , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Okano Hideaki , Kamikawa Takahiro , Uehara Shin‐ichi , Tatsuta Shin‐ichi
Published: July 2013

“Round View Display (RVD)” achieves “Round View” perception by realizing the smooth expression of image rotation corresponding to the position of each member of the audience with super wide viewing angle and smooth motion parallax. By adding a specially designed slanted prism sheet after a lenticular lens, 90 deg. viewing angle is achieved.
11.1: Invited Paper: Development of the World‐wide Largest 110′ 4K2K 3D TFT‐LCD Display
Authors: Chen Li‐Yi , Chen Yu‐Yeh , Hou Hung‐Lung , Mo Yuming , Chiu Chung‐Yi
Published: July 2013

CSOT has successfully developed 110‐inch LCD TV that is the largest LCD TV. It integrates many innovations in LCD technology, containing 50000:1 dynamic contrast ratio, 1000 nits ultra high brightness, high‐saturated color reproduction with NTSC 92% and 288 areas local dimming backlight. Moreover, Shutter‐glasses 3D function has also been achieved
11.3: Distinguished Paper: High Transmission VA‐LCD with a Three Dimensionally Shaped Pixel Electrode for 4K × 2K Displays
Authors: Miyakawa Masashi , Suwa Shunichi , Kobayashi Chikashi , Nagase Yoji , Iwaki Ichiro , Tsubota Hiroyoshi
Published: July 2013

A three dimensionally shaped pixel electrode (TD electrode) for the 4K × 2K VA‐LCD is proposed. With this novel electrode, a more efficient and stable transmittance property can be achieved. The mechanisms for transmittance improvements and the stability of productions were analyzed with comparisons to the conventional VA electrode.
13.2: Effects of Sealing Conditions and CaO Contents on Aging Behavior of AC‐PDP with (Mg, Ca)O Protective Layer
Authors: Jeong Seok , Kim Jeong‐Seok , Kim Yong‐Seog
Published: July 2013

In order to reduce formation of hydroxides and carbonates on (Mg, Ca)O protective layer, panels with various CaO contents in protective layer were sealed at lower temperatures and evacuated at elevated temperatures. This processing scheme decreased the aging time of the panels significantly, enabling practical application of the protective layer.
14.2: Invited Paper: The Development of Auditory and Cross‐modal Displays for Assistive Technology
Authors: Stockman Tony
Published: July 2013

We survey the development of auditory displays as assistive technology for visually impaired users. Both single user and collaborative, cross‐modal applications are discussed. The systems and design issues covered include desktop and mobile contexts. We conclude that audio in assistive technology displays has much untapped potential.
15.2: Distinguished Paper: LC GRIN Lens Mode with Wide Viewing Angle for Rotatable 2D/3D Tablet
Authors: Kashiwagi Masako , Uehara Shinichi , Takagi Ayako , Baba Masahiro
Published: July 2013

To widen the vertical and horizontal angular ranges where the lens performs well, the off‐axis performance of an LC GRIN lens is analyzed, and the detailed conditions of structure are established. We have developed a rotatable 2D/3D display whose 3D viewing azimuth angle is over 30 degrees in both landscape and portrait orientations.
16.3: AC and DC Bias‐Temperature Stability of Coplanar Homojunction a‐InGaZnO Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Yu Eric Kai‐Hsiang , Abe Katsumi , Kumomi Hideya , Kanicki Jerzy
Published: July 2013

We fabricated coplanar homojunction a‐IGZO TFTs that are highly stable under AC and DC bias‐temperature‐stress. For TFTs of the size W/L = 60μm/10μm, the stress‐induced threshold voltage shifts are all within −0.35 V. A comprehensive investigation of AC BTS stress polarity, pulse width, and duty cycle dependence is presented We find that higher frequency of bipolar AC pulses increases the device instability, while lower duty cycle values have the opposite effect.
19.2: Distinguished Paper: Characterization of Electron‐Hole Pair Migration and Trapping in Rare Earth Doped YBO3 under Vacuum Ultraviolet Excitation
Authors: Wallace Max , Diaz Anthony L.
Published: July 2013

We have measured host‐to‐activator energy transfer efficiencies in rare‐earth doped YBO3 under vacuum ultraviolet excitation. From these data, relative electron‐hole (e‐h) pair trapping rate constants can be estimated. Our analysis suggests a correlation between e‐h trapping efficiency and the energy of activator electronic states relative to the host conduction band.
19.4L: Late‐News Paper: Development of Stable Alkaline Earth Sulfide LED Phosphors for LCD Backlight
Authors: Rao Ravi P. , Petluri Raghuram
Published: July 2013

Alkaline earth sulfide phosphors are known as efficient phosphors with narrow band emissions covering entire visible region and are most suitable for LCD backlight. Due to hygroscopic nature they exhibit poor stability and lower life. Suitable transparent and thermal conducting surface coatings improve the stability and life of LED package.
27.2: The Study of Picture Quality of OLED TV with WRGB OLEDs Structure
Authors: Yoon Jong‐Kun , Park Eun‐Myung , Son Jae‐Sung , Shin Hyun‐Woon , Kim Han‐Eol , Yee Moonky , Kim Hong‐Gyu , Oh Chang‐Ho , Ahn Byung‐Chul
Published: July 2013

After introducing the world first OLEDs TV with WRGB structure this year, we present results of the picture quality study of OLEDs TV. The motion picture quality is better than the conventional LCD TVs in addition to well‐known advantages like high contrast ratio, color gamut and wider viewing angle.
28.2: Driving Method of FFS‐Mode OS‐LCD for Reducing Eye Strain
Authors: Hatsumi Ryo , Kubota Yusuke , Moriya Koji , Kubota Daisuke , Tanabe Toru , Kusunoki Koji , Hirakata Yoshiharu , Koyama Jun , Yamazaki Shunpei , Nakamura Ami , Chubachi Yuka
Published: July 2013

In order to reduce eye strain, a driving method reducing flickers is devised. For this driving, material constitution is optimized and an FFS mode with a storage capacitor is used. We fabricated an OS‐LCD, thereby revealing the possibility of reducing‐eye‐strain technology (REST) driving even in combination with a touch sensor.
29.2: Atomic Layer Deposition of Al2O3/ZrO2 Nanolaminate on the Plastic Substrates for the Flexible Display
Authors: Lee Jong Geol , Kim Hyun Gi , Kim Sung Soo
Published: July 2013

Al2O3/ZrO2 nanolaminate was formed on plastic substrates by low frequency plasma‐enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) process for enhancement of barrier properties. A remarkable barrier performance was observed in the optimized nanolaminate structure, which was attributed to cover the drawback of each layer between the Al2O3/ZrO2 nanolaminate.
31.2: Power Efficient 5.0‐inch 440ppi Full HD a‐Si TFT LCD Single‐Chip Driver IC
Authors: Na Young‐Sun , Kim Dong‐Seok , Kim Hyun‐Ho , Kim Hyun‐Chul , Moon Jae‐Wook , Lee Hyeong‐Soo , Sohn Bo‐Ik
Published: July 2013

We have developed the single chip driver system for 5.0‐inch 1080RGBx1920 FHD with 440ppi a‐Si TFT LCD panel for high‐end smart phone applications. Capacitive Charge‐Pump and inductive PFM (Pulse Frequency Modulated) combined new type of DC‐DC converter architecture has been proposed for the GIP (Gate Circuits In the Panel) turning on/off powers, or VGH and VGL, to develop successful and power efficient single chip driver IC. The measured results show that the proposed combined DC‐DC converter has the merits of stable and over 23% power saving effect in comparison with the conventional capacitive Charge‐Pump only or inductive PFM only DC‐DC converters, respectively.
32.2: 360‐degree Floating Light Field Three‐dimensional Display Based on a High‐frame‐rate Color Projector
Authors: Xia Xinxing , Wang Han , Li Haifeng , Peng Yifan , Zheng Zhenrong , Liu Xu , Shen Weidong
Published: July 2013

With light field reconstruction technique, displaying a floating 3D image in the air is implemented. The high‐frame‐rate projector and rotating flat light field scanning screen are utilized to create the light field of real 3D scenes. The occlusion‐capable floating 3D image is presented just above the flat diffusing screen.
32.3: Light‐Field Approximation Using Basic Display Layer Primitives
Authors: Ranieri Nicola , Heinzle Simon , Barnum Peter , Matusik Wojciech , Gross Markus
Published: July 2013

A new concept using different display layer primitives for light field approximation is presented. For each primitive, a mathematical notation for the light transport operator is defined. Based on that, a decomposition algorithm rendering a light field into a multi‐layered plenoptic display is described and verified by a physical prototype.
33.4L: Late‐News Paper: High Resolution Vacuum Patterning of Organic‐ and Metal‐Layers for Organic Electronic Devices
Authors: Burghart Markus , Dutkowiak Andreas , Tandler Lutz , Richter Jörk , Haasemann Georg , Gross Harald , Seyfert Ulf , Strietzel Thomas , Hecht Christian
Published: July 2013

In this paper, we describe the recent progress made in the development of the Flash Mask Transfer Lithography for AMOLED‐pixel patterning. Basic principles of the technology are discussed, recent results on resolution and processing are presented and patterns and materials were analyzed. Based on the technology a lab scale cluster‐tool was manufactured to demonstrate the feasibility of pixel patterning in OLED displays.
34.2: Distinguished Student Paper: A Nematic LCD with Submillisecond Gray‐to‐gray Response Time
Authors: Xu Daming , Rao Linghui , Tu Chun‐Da , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: July 2013

We propose a triode structure for achieving submillisecond gray‐to‐gray response time in a double fringing‐field‐switching (DFFS) cell. The bright and dark states are obtained by applying a fringing field and a vertical field, respectively. The simulated averaged grayscale rise time is 793 μs and decay time is 478 μs. This triode DFFS mode enables conventional nematic LCDs for color sequential displays, 3D displays, and other photonic applications.
70.4L: Late‐News Paper: Flexible Amorphous Silicon PIN Diode Sensor Array Process Compatible with Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide Transistors
Authors: Marrs Michael A. , Bawolek Edward J. , O'Brien Barry P. , Smith Joseph T. , Strnad Mark , Morton David C.
Published: July 2013

A flexible PIN diode sensor array process has been successfully demonstrated. Device fabrication of the thin film transistor (TFT) backplane occurred below 200 °C on a polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrate using indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) with a saturation mobility of 13.5 cm2/V‐s as the active semiconductor. The increased mobility enables the fabrication of higher speed and higher resolution sensor arrays in comparison to current amorphous silicon (a‐Si) technology.
70.5L: Late‐News Paper: Low Temperature Curable Cu Ink and Fine Inkjet‐printed Patterning
Authors: Fukuda Miyako , Ito Masahiro , Tsuruoka Kaori , Kuwana Yasuhiro , Kashiwabara Satoshi , Hirakoso Hideyuki , Tagashira Osamu
Published: July 2013

Cu wiring patterns of fine pitch less than 20 μm have been successfully achieved by inkjet printing technology with the assistance of surface energy controlled patterns formed by the exposure of ordinary ultrahigh pressure mercury lamp. The curing condition of Cu ink is as mild as 150°C in non‐reducing atmosphere.
36.2: Age Differences in the Use of Binocular Disparity and Pictorial Depth Cues in 3D‐Graphics Environments
Authors: Kihara Ken , Fujisaki Hirotaka , Ohtsuka Sakuichi , Miyao Masaru , Shimamura Jun , Arai Hiroyuki , Taniguchi Yukinobu
Published: July 2013

We find that pseudo‐stereoanomalous observers, who did not use disparity information for depth judgments in 3D‐graphics environments although they were not stereoanomalous, tended to be younger (21.4%, 17–24 years old) than young‐middle age (11.4%, 25–39 years old). Approximately 80% of older (50–83 years old) were also pseudo‐stereoanomalous observers.
36.3: Effects of 3D Display System on Convergence and Accommodation
Authors: Kojima Takehito , Uemoto Keita , Okada Yuuki , Miyao Masaru , Takada Hiroki , Hasegawa Satoshi
Published: July 2013

We compared the circular polarizing filter method and liquid crystal shutter method. We were interested in comparing how these methods affect convergence and accommodation, when subjects viewed 3D images. The numeric values for convergence‐accommodation with the liquid crystal shutter were very close. However, in the case of the circular polarized filter method, there was discrepancy in the values of convergence and accommodation.
36.4: Comparison between Different Rating Scales for 3D TV
Authors: Brunnström Kjell , Ananth Indirajith Vijai , Hedberg Christer , Wang Kun , Andrén Börje , Barkowsky Marcus
Published: July 2013

Stereoscopic 3D viewing experience has been studied quite intensively recently, but still the subjective test methods have not yet been settled. It has become clear that the 3D viewing experience cannot easily be described by just one scale. This paper describes a study where three different rating scales (Quality, Discomfort and Presence) are compared in a subjective test, combined with two viewing distances. The results shows that in a stereoscopic 3D video quality test targeting mainly coding distortions one scale such as video quality could be sufficient.
37.2: Efficiency Improvement of Fluorescent Blue Device by Molecular Orientation of Blue Dopant
Authors: Ogiwara Toshinari , Ito Hirokatsu , Mizuki Yumiko , Naraoka Ryo , Funahashi Masakazu , Kuma Hitoshi
Published: July 2013

The relationship between molecular shape of fluorescent blue dopants (BDs) and molecular orientation factor was studied. BDs with larger ovality showed higher orientation factor and higher EQE over 10% in a fluorescent blue device. Impedance spectroscopy, transient EL spectroscopy and optical simulation results highly indicate that such high EQE is originated mainly from the optical effect of horizontal‐aligned BDs. Furthermore, a higher EQE of 11.5% at a current density of 10mA/cm2 was successfully achieved by modifying molecular structure of BD.
38.3: Fast Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Modes Based on Photoaligning Technology
Authors: Chigrinov Vladimir , Pozhidaev Eugene , Srivastava Abhishek , Qi Guo , Ying Ma , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: July 2013

Fast response time, high contrast ratio various FLC electrooptical modes are achieved through the application of photoaligning layers in FLC cells. Fast FLCD with a high resolution can be used in the screens field sequential color (FSC) FLC microdisplays, which are now one of the most advanced technologies for pico‐projectors.
40.2: Automotive Display Visibility Considerations
Authors: Weindorf Paul , Hayden Brian
Published: July 2013

The objective of this paper is to formulate methods that can be used to estimate the amount of display luminance required based on:

Display geometry conditions

Display reflection components
42.4L: Late‐News Paper: Footprint of Scalable 3D Telecommunication: Using Integral Light Field Display and Kinect‐based Capture
Authors: Peng Yifan , Zhong Qing , Han Xiang , Yuan Li , Wang Rui , Bao Hujun , Li Haifeng , Liu Xu
Published: July 2013

A footprint of 3D telecommunication system is introduced, using integral light field display and Kinect‐based capture. Two prototypes with LCD‐based projection display and multi‐projectors‐based display, respectively, are developed to perform the 3D display. Kinect‐based 3D capture is integrated in providing preliminary and real‐time human model capture. This approach is scalable and demonstrated as a potential solution for market‐oriented 3D telecommunication.
45.3: High Intensity Radiated Field Effect on Projected Capacitive Touchscreen
Authors: Coni Philippe , Perbet Jean‐Noël , Sontag Yves , Abadie Jean Christophe
Published: July 2013

We are investigating a high immunity dual touch projected capacitive touchscreen performances, based on a synchronous demodulation scheme.

The measurements show that our dual touchscreen can operate under high electromagnetic radiated electric fields up to 1500V/m in the 800 MHz‐2.7 GHz range, suitable for avionics and automotive applications.
46.1: Invited Paper: Ink‐jet Printed 17‐inch AMOLED Display with Amorphous IGZO TFTs Backplane
Authors: Liu Ze , Wang Gang , Xie Hongjun , Wu Zhongyuan , Li Yanzhao , Jiang Chunsheng , Yin Jingwen , Yang Fei , Song Danna , Yuan Guangcai , Sun Li , Hou Wenjun , Dai Qing , Wang Huifeng
Published: July 2013

A 17‐inch full‐color active matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) display has been developed, which combine with amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide (IGZO) thin film transistors and ink‐jet printing technology. It was also proved that ink‐jet printing technology can be used for large size AMOLED panel fabrication on IGZO thin film transistor backplane.
51.1: Integrated Touch Sensing and Frontlighting Device and Display Applications
Authors: Bita Ion , Elloway Donald J. , Rao Rashmi R. , Martin Russel A. , Webster James R. , Gusev Evgeni P.
Published: July 2013

A novel device architecture is introduced which enables projected capacitive touch sensing and front illumination in a single substrate configuration. The basic technology for integrating the optical and electrical functions, large area glass fabrication, assembly with mirasol displays, and performance aspects are discussed. This development enables high performance hybrid emissive‐reflective display applications.
51.2: Touch Mura Mechanisms and Its Suppression by Use of Cover Glass
Authors: Ishikawa Tomohiro , Liu Falcon , Li Cheng‐Chung , Zhang Bin , Proulx Tina , Mlejnek Michal
Published: July 2013

Touch functionality has been integrated in LCDs of progressively larger sizes. When bonded directly to an LCD surface, thin (< 2.0 mm) ion‐exchanged (IOX'd) glass such as Corning® Gorilla® Glass, offers an ideal solution that both protects a panel and enables better ambient viewing quality. However, because the glass is directly bonded to the LCD, we must pay closer attention to touch mura. In this work, we will classify mura modes associated with touch action and discuss their suppression with Corning Gorilla Glass and the Optical C lear Adhesive (OCA) materials utilized for bonding.
52.4: Distinguished Paper: Electrical Properties of Amorphous InGaZnO Thin‐Film Transistors Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering with Using Kr and Xe Instead of Ar
Authors: Goto Tetsuya , Sugawa Shigetoshi , Ohmi Tadahiro
Published: July 2013

Heavier noble gases of Kr and Xe instead of the lighter Ar during the magnetron‐sputtering deposition of amorphous indium—gallium‐zinc oxide films are introduced in fabricating their thin‐film transistors. Higher field effect mobility can be obtained by introducing heavier noble gases, while gate bias stability shows no significant difference between gas species. Raman spectroscopic analysis suggests that the disordered structure in the film is suppressed by introducing heavier noble gases. These results suggest that the introduction of heavy noble gases can reduce damage to film by ion bombardment during the sputtering depositions, resulting in the improvement of field effect mobility.
53.1: Invited Paper: Drivers in the Adoption Speed of Solid State Lighting
Authors: Liedenbaum Coen
Published: July 2013

This paper describes the different phases in LED adoption. The pace of ledification in LED retrofit lamps and later in luminaires is highlighted. Embedding LEDs into ceiling tiles shows the potential of breakaway concepts exploiting the full benefit of LEDs
55.4: Invited Paper: Development of Highly Productive In‐line Vacuum Evaporation System for OLED Lighting
Authors: Lim Gun Mook , Lee Jae Ho , Kim Jong Jin , Song Ki Min , Jang Tae Hoon , Hwang In Ho , Choi Jae Soo , Oh Young Man , Lim Dae Chul , Choi Chang Sik , Im Young , Lee Young Jong
Published: July 2013

Gen5 OLED lighting panel manufacturing in‐line vacuum system has been developed using a unique linear organic source which enables high efficiency in process performance and its productivity. The system can provide the full coverage solution for the purpose of OLED lighting devices regardless of number of layers and junctions to be needed. The performance of system are as follows:

Film thickness uniformity of +/‐ 1.3% (organic)

Film thickness uniformity of less than +/‐3.4% (metal)

Continuous evaporation with no stop: more than 300 hours

Utilization efficiency of organic material: larger than 60% under Ultimate 1minute TACT
56.4L: Late‐News Paper: 12.1‐inch WXGA TFT‐LCD Driven by Solution‐Processed Metal Oxide TFTs
Authors: Lin Liang‐Yu , Hung Wan‐Yu , Cheng Chun‐Cheng , Liu Chu‐Yu , Chiang Min‐Feng
Published: July 2013

We present the development in solution‐processed metal oxide TFTs for 12.1” WXGA (1280xRGBx800) TFT‐LCD demonstration. The spin coating technology was introduced to deposit the metal oxide semiconductor film. The highest saturation mobility of the solution‐processed metal oxide TFTs is 1.09 cm2/Vs, and the electrical reliability is also discussed in this work.
58.2: Distinguished Paper: Roll‐to‐roll Process on Ultra‐thin Flexible Glass for Manufacturing the Multi‐Touch Sensor Panel
Authors: Huang Chia‐Sheng , Lin Heng‐Tien , Huang Guo‐Shing , Hu Je‐Ping , Lu Su‐Tsai , Liu C.T. , Garner Sean , Lin Jen‐Chieh , Kuo Kuan‐Ting , Merz Gary , Tosch John , Chang Chet
Published: July 2013

The innovation of ITRI's roll‐to‐roll (R2R) technology is capable of handling 100 μm ultra‐thin flexible glass (UTFG) with in‐house designed equipment. By applying this R2R technology on roll‐UTFG, the total thickness of touch panel module with 0.4 mm cover lens can be reduced to 0.6 mm only. This complete solution provides a reliable and cost‐effective manufacturing approach making commercialization in the near future.
58.4: A Novel Handling Method of Ultra‐Thin Flexible Glass Substrate for Thin and Flexible Displays
Authors: Chen Ru‐De , Yuan Shuo‐Huang , Hsu Hsin‐Yun , Lu Luke
Published: July 2013

A novel handling method of ultra‐thin flexible glass substrate (UTFGS) for thin and/or flexible displays is proposed. A rigid glass carrier‐attached UTFGS (UTFGS module) with no adhesive layer is proposed for its good thermal and chemical durability. These UTFGS module can be processed through conventional display manufacturing process, such LCDs or OLEDs, and also can be mechanically and easily detached from the carrier substrate.

Therefore this method enables to manufacture fragile, thin and flexible displays using conventional manufacturing equipment for LCDs or OLEDs, without chemical and/or mechanical thinning of thick display‐cells and also without using of roll‐to‐roll process equipment for manufacturing of flexible displays.
59.1: A Backlight System with a Phosphor Sheet Providing both Wider Color Gamut and Higher Efficiency
Authors: Ito Yasushi , Hori Tomomitsu , Tani Hirofumi , Ueno Yoshifumi , Kusunoki Tsuneo , Nomura Hiroshi , Kondo Hirofumi
Published: July 2013

A phosphor sheet in which green‐emitting thiogallate phosphor and red‐emitting sulfide phosphor are contained was developed. The LCD using it and blue LEDs can realize wider color gamut. Employing blue LEDs with spherical encapsulates in it increases light extraction of them and can provide the backlight with higher efficiency as well as wider color gamut.
59.4: WITHDRAWN: 60.1: Integrated Flat Package RGB Laser Module Using Si‐Platform Technology
Authors: Ide Masafumi , Yoda Kaoru , Fukaya Shinpei , Komiyama Takeo , Ikeda Yuji , Arakawa Kouhei , Kobayashi Motoaki , Nozaki Takaaki
Published: July 2013

We propose a novel fiber pigtailed integrated laser module for pico‐projector and near‐to‐eye display applications using Si‐platform technology based on surface activation bonding. The module consists of synthetic blue (B) and green (G) second harmonic generation (SHG) lasers and a direct red (R) laser diode (LD). We also present its basic performance and discuss its further integration capabilities.
62.2: Invited Paper: Bridged‐Grain Polycrystalline Silicon Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Kwok Hoi‐Sing , Zhou Wei , Chen Rongsheng , Zhao Shuyun , Zhang Meng , Wong Man , Chen Shuming , Chow Thomas
Published: July 2013

A new structure for thin‐film transistors is proposed and demonstrated, exhibiting the benefits but not the drawbacks of both short‐channel and multi‐junction effects. Simulations are performed to verify the physics of this device structure. All characteristics such as threshold voltage, pseudo subthreshold slope, on‐off current ratio and field‐effect mobility are improved.
64.1: High Efficiency Waveguide Display System with Achromatic Volume Hologram and a Prism In‐coupler
Authors: Wu Zhengmin , Liu Juan , Wang Yongtian
Published: July 2013

Waveguide display system with high efficiency is proposed by an embedded in‐coupling prism and an out‐coupling reflective volume holographic element, which enables a small‐type configuration. The improved coupling scheme can result in 25% efficiency and achieve the chromatic correlation successful.
66.3: Highly Improved Light Out‐coupling of the Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes by utilizing the Simple and Easy Process based Nano‐scale Random Light‐extraction Structure
Authors: Park Young Wook , Park Tae Hyun , Song Eun Ho , Shin Se Joong , Kim Hakkoo , Lee Hyun Jun , Hwang Ju Hyun , Choi Kyung Bok , Ju Byeong Kwon , Kim Jung Suk , Lee Kyu Back
Published: July 2013

We report the highly efficient organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) having the nano‐scale random light‐extraction structure (NsRLeS). The demonstrated NsRLeS realized the highly improved light out‐coupling, resulted improved electroluminescence efficiencies without introducing the spectral distortions at any viewing angles. The OLEDs having the developed light out‐coupling enhancement structure showed >90% improved power efficiency and >50% improved external quantum efficiency. The NsRLeS was fabricated by simple and easy process enough to apply on the mass production of the large scale OLEDs applications.
67.1: Distinguished Student Paper: 40 um‐pitch IGZO TFT Gate Driver for High‐resolution Rollable AMOLED
Authors: Geng Di , Kim Byung Soon , Mativenga Mallory , Seok Man Ju , Kang Dong Han , Jang Jin
Published: July 2013

We report the design and fabrication of an amorphous‐indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistor (TFT)‐based high‐speed and ultra‐narrow shift register on a plastic substrate. The shift register consisting 5 TFTs and 1 capacitor is small in physical size which is only 40 μm in width (pitch). At the supply voltage (VDD) of 15 V, the clock frequency of the shift register approaches 166.7 kHz, corresponding to a pulse width of 3 μs. The shift register could be operated under mechanical bending radius of 2mm, making it applicable to flexible high resolution active‐matrix displays.
68.2: Invited Paper: Development of Novel Optical Bonding Process and Materials for Flat Panel Display Modules
Authors: Shinya Yoshihisa , Hayashi Kozaburo , Ogawa Koichi , Kamiyay Kenji , Toyoda Tomoyuki , Hayashi Naoki
Published: July 2013

We have developed Hybrid SVR™, an optical elasticity UV curable resin that improves the contrast and shock resistance of flat panel display (FPD) modules. The unique bonding process used for Hybrid SVR™ offers a number of advantages. The resin coating on the cover glass can be transformed into a pressure sensitive adhesive by irradiating it with UV light. The cover glass can then be bonded with the FPD module. This method significantly improves the process margin, which results in an overflow‐free boundary and easier thickness control. In addition, the reduced cure shrinkage results in less stress being applied to the FPD module.
69.2: Compact Colorfilter and Polarizer based on Nanowire Grating for Energy Efficient Display
Authors: Ye Zhicheng , Guo Lindong , She Yi , Sun NanLing , Shieh Han‐ping D.
Published: July 2013

Bilayer nanowire gratings were fabricated by laser interference lithography. The longitudinal and lateral Surface Plasmon resonances led to transreflective polarization and color filteration, respectively. Different from the conventional absorptive polarizers and color filters, the bilayer nanowire gratings are reflective, which has a great potential in green energy display devices such as E‐papers and liquid crystal displays. Based on the optical characters of nanowire gratings, a prototype of display device without the need of conventional polarizer and colorfilter is proposed and discussed.
P.16: Dynamic Supply Voltage Scaling of Pixel Circuits for Static Power Reduction in AMOLEDs
Authors: Cui Qingyu , Jiang Chen , Yao Guangyu , Xu Xiaoli , Liu Wenjiang , Guo Xiaojun
Published: July 2013

One‐dimensional (1‐D) Dynamic supply Voltage Scaling (DVS) scheme with image distortion compensation is proposed for reducing the static power consumption in AMOLED displays. A hybrid simulation platform combining MATLAB and circuit simulator HSPICE was built for the study. By applying the DVS scheme to both static images and video streams, it is shown significant power saving can be achieved (>40% for the test video streams) without sacrifice of the image or video quality.
P.17: Integration of Solution Processed Oxide TFTs with Normal Structure OLEDs for Low‐voltage Operated Top‐Emitting AMOLEDs
Authors: Xu Xiaoli , Cui Qingyu , Chen Sujie , Li Siying , He Gufeng , Guo Xiaojun
Published: July 2013

An integration approach by laminating the thin‐film transistor (TFT) backplane with the normal structure organic light emitting diode (OLED) front plane is proposed for active matrix OLED (AMOLED) displays. With this approach, top‐emitting AMOLEDs driven by n‐type TFTs can be realized by using the state‐of‐the‐art normal structure OLED technologies without needs of introducing any new processes. To demonstrate this approach, simple solution processed low voltage (< 3V) ZnO TFTs and low voltage (< 3V) bottom emission OLEDs were fabricated and used in the integration to achieve low power operation.
P.18: Effects of Interface and Bulk States on the Stability of Amorphous InGaZnO Thin Film Transistors under Gate Bias and Temperature Stress
Authors: Zhan Runze , Dong Chengyuan , Shi Junfei , Chen Yuting , Wu Jie , Yang Bo‐Ru , Shieh Han‐Ping D.
Published: July 2013

The gate bias and temperature instability of InGaZnO TFTs were improved by adopting double stacked channel layer (DSCL). The mechanism of Vth shift under stress was studied by this structure. An interface with of less oxygen plasma damaging and lower oxygen vacancies in bulk were achieved by DSCL, resulting in a higher stability of Vth.
P.19: Density‐of‐States Based Device‐Circuit Co‐Design Platform for Solution‐Processed Organic Integrated Circuits
Authors: Jang Jaeman , Kim Jaehyeong , Lee Jaewook , Jo Chunhyung , Jun Sungwoo , Kim Hyeongjung , Choi Sunwoong , Kim Dong Myong , Lee Jiyoul , Koo Bonwon , Chung Jong Won , Kim Dae Hwan
Published: July 2013

In this work, we propose the subgap density‐of‐states (DOS) based device‐circuit co‐design platform for solution‐processed organic integrated circuits. For the circuit simulation, analytical I‐V and C‐V model were established from experimentally extracted DOS parameters, incorporated into HSPICE via Verilog‐A, and verified by comparing the simulation result with the measured characteristics of inverter integrated with solution‐processed polymer‐based organic thin‐film‐transistors. Furthermore, as the case study, it was shown by using our well‐calibrated simulation platform that the pass‐transistor type logic was potentially promising in low‐power and high‐speed solution processed organic integrated circuits.
P.21: High Input Impedance Active Pixel Sensing Circuit with Threshold Voltage Compensation Implemented by Dual‐Gate IGZO TFTs
Authors: Chou Lu‐Sheng , Chang Chia‐Hung , Chen Hua‐Mao , Tai Ya‐Hsiang
Published: July 2013

The dual‐gate TFT is biased at a preset status and store the threshold voltage information on the second gate. The reset TFT connecting to the sensing node can be omitted, and the high input impedance can be achieved. With this sensing circuit, the minimal charge can be sensitively amplified.
P.23: Nano‐Si Optical Pixel‐Sensor Array using TFT Technology as Image‐Scan/Fingerprint Panel
Authors: Cho An‐thung , Zheng Zao‐Shi , Chang Chung , Hsu Wen‐bin , Tseng Jen‐Pei , Chang Jiun‐Jye , Min‐Feng  , Chiang  , Lin Yu‐Chieh
Published: July 2013

We report the controllable UV‐Visible nano‐Si photonic sensor, band‐gap spectrum engineering, and integrated in TFT technology as Image‐scan/Fingerprint panel. Photonic Sensor using nano‐Si as sensitizer sandwiched between two electrodes structure is proposed to integrate optical input function for new application in next generation portable devices. The optical input function, used for image scanner, fingerprint recognition, and touch‐input application, are achieved by integrating these image sensor elements within each pixel. A 1‐transistor (1T) passive pixel sensor (PPS) is used to integrate a 250/500 ppi image sensor within a scan‐input panel.
P.36: Analysis of Rubbing Mura in Fringe Field Switching Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Zhang Wei , Song S. H. , Li Jian , Xiao Ang , Chen Xu , Min T. Y.
Published: July 2013

Rubbing Mura in fringe field switching liquid crystal display (FFS LCD) was thoroughly analyzed in this paper. We investigated the influences of rubbing parameters and the properties of polyimide (PI) layer and rubbing cloth. Accordingly, mechanism of rubbing Mura was clarified. Provably, it can significant improve rubbing Mura that using cellulose‐based cloth to rub the PI with the potency of high retardation. Afterwards, as a result of the new rubbing method, the defect of Zara particle was further analyzed and effectively solved.
P.40: Encapsulated Flexible Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes: Progress Toward a Simple and Cost Effective Contact Printing Technique
Authors: Kim Hakkoo , Song Eun Ho , Choi Kyung Bok , Hwang Ju Hyun , Park Young Wook , Ju Byeong Kwon
Published: July 2013

We present a new methodology for encapsulation of flexible organic electronics that involves no electrochemical reactions. In this study, the encapsulation is formed using a simple, vacuum damage‐free and rapid process utilizing a UV‐curable resin. The fabricated device has superior reproducibility and uniformity, which makes it suitable for industrial mass production.
P.54: Light Field Integral Display Using LCD and Eye Tracking Technique
Authors: Wang Han , Peng Yifan , Yu Chao , Chen Beishi , Li Haifeng , Liu Xu
Published: July 2013

An approach to an adaptive light field integral display for a number of observers using eye tracking technology and multiple LCDs is investigated. Compared with the previous LCD‐based light field 3D display, the adaptive display with eye tracking system can provide 3D scenes with a larger scale and no image jumping.
P.60: A Soluble Thermally‐Stable Organic Semiconductor Material for Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Fukuda Takashi , Hamura Satoshi , Watanabe Makoto
Published: July 2013

A novel solution‐processable low molecular weight organic semiconductor material TS‐5, which has high thermal stability and solubility with various aromatic solvents, was developed. Field effect transistors (FET) fabricated using TS‐5 as an active layer, exhibited p‐type transistor responses with mobilities greater than 1.0 cm2/Vs and are stable at 150°C in air condition.
P.64: WITHDRAWN: P.65: The Effect of Surface Polarity of Gate Dielectric Buffer Layer on Operational Stability in Organic Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Roh Jeongkyun , Kang Chan‐mo , Shin Hyeonwoo , Kwak Jeonghun , Jung Byung Jun , Lee Changhee
Published: July 2013

We studied the effect of surface polarity of gate dielectric buffer layer on operational stability in organic thin film transistors (OTFTs). By employing four types of polymers with different polarity, we found out the operational stability of OTFTs can be improved with low‐polarity polymer gate dielectric buffer layer. With low‐polarity polymers, the devices showed good operational stability with longer relaxation time than 106 sec. Also, threshold voltage of the devices shifted less than 2 V under high gate bias stress of 3 MV/cm for two hours. Good stability may be resulted from low surface trap density as well as good grain interconnection of pentacene on low‐polarity polymer.
P.67: Reflective Color Display Using a Photonic Crystal
Authors: Luo Zhenyue , Xu Su , Relina Victoriya , Joo Jae‐Hyun , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: July 2013

We report an electrically tunable reflective color display based on a colloidal photonic crystal. The device exhibits a low driving voltage and reasonably fast response time. 3D finite difference time domain (FDTD) method and Bragg formula are used for theoretical investigation and interpretation of the experimental data. Disorder effect and its influences on display performance are analyzed. Other interesting applications discussed include fashion decoration, counterfeit waterproof, and chameleon skin.
P.70: Durability and Reliability of eWriters
Authors: Braganza Clinton , Schlemmer Matthew , DeMiglio Andrew , Michaels Adam , Hasenstaub Tess , Montbach Erica , Khan Asad , Doane J. William
Published: July 2013

eWriters present a new challenge in determining their durability and reliability. Their unique and new use model as primary electronic note taking devices, require developing new techniques to determine systematic measurements. The method reported is reproducible and most closely resembles real life use. With this testing, eWriters show robust and durable behavior in normal writing conditions.
P.71: High‐Efficiency and High‐Uniformity Modularized Street Lamp Light Engine of a Single LED Source
Authors: Zhang Jain‐Hong , Chen Kuan‐Yu , Cheng Yao‐Chien , Wang Alex
Published: July 2013

LED street lamps have advantages of energy‐efficient and low maintenance or long lifetime. Furthermore, single‐LED street light systems have the advantages of easy assembly and modularized optics over LED‐array ones, but of less degree of design freedom. Thus, only if the heat dissipation and optical constraint are solved, a single‐LED street light can be realized. In this study, the uniformity (max. to min. ratio) of 3.9 was achieved under a 6‐meter‐high illumination and an 18‐by‐18 m2 area, which was lower/better than that of the LED‐array ones of 7. Besides, the freeform lens efficiency of the single‐LED optics was as high as 85%.
P.77: High Transmittance Blue‐phase LCD with a Floating Electrode
Authors: Liu Yifan , Li Yan , Lai Daniel , Shiu Jyh‐Wen , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: July 2013

A high transmittance polymer‐stabilized blue‐phase liquid crystal display with floating electrodes in conjunction with protruded electrodes is proposed. The floating electrodes help to confine the electric field and reduce the dead zone areas. As a result, the peak transmittance over 90% is achieved.
P.79: WITHDRAWN: P.80: Analysis Commentary of Polymer Network Structure of Polymer Stabilized Blue Phase
Authors: Kwak Musun , Jeon Jongho , An Sangjin , Kim Kyoungri , Yi Yoonseon , Choi Seungkyu , Kim Nakwon , Kim Byungjae , Kang Dongwoo , Choi Youngseok , Jeon Suho
Published: July 2013

After removing liquid crystals (LCs) using hexane cleansing solution, polymer network (PN) structure of polymer stabilized blue phase (PSBP) was analyzed. PN type had different shape in the surface region (nearby glass) and intermediate region. Directly measured PN structure and theoretical polymer line defect on the cubic symmetry were compared. Moreover, analysis of different kind of LC and monomer, PN appeared in membrane state.
P.84: Increasing the Light Modulation Frequency Due to the Increase of FLC Viscosity
Authors: Andreev Alexander L. , Andreeva Tatiana B. , Kompanets Igor N. , Zalyapin Nikolay V.
Published: July 2013

Selection of the essential parameters and conditions of molecules reorientation in non‐helix FLC allowed to reduce the optical response time of a display cell to 24 μs and to increase the frequency of light modulation in the soliton mode up to 7 kHz at the control voltage ± 1.5 V.
P.85: Fast Switching of an IPS Cell at a Low Temperature by Forming Polymer Networks
Authors: Yu Byeong‐Hun , Song Dong Han , Kim Ki‐Han , Park Byung Wok , Choi Sun‐Wook , Park Sung Il , Shim Yu Ri , Lee Sun Yong , Kang Sung Gu , Yoon Jeong Hwan , Kim Byeong Koo , Yoon Tae‐Hoon
Published: July 2013

We propose a method for fast switching of an in‐plane switching (IPS) liquid crystal cell at a low temperature. The slow response time that is inevitable at a low temperature was reduced by forming polymer networks in an IPS cell. The electro‐optic characteristics of a polymer‐networked IPS cell were measured at temperatures ranging from −10 to 20 °C. We believe that the proposed technology can be applied to display devices, such as mobile phones and automotive displays requiring use at a low temperature.
P.86: A Novel Bistable‐LCD Having Memory Display Mode and High‐Speed Switching Mode
Authors: Takahashi Taiju , Toko Yasuo , Kato Keisuke , Takahashi Ryohei
Published: July 2013

A novel concept LCD which can be operated by two functions in one LCD has been proposed. One of the operating modes is a permanent memory mode without any applied voltage; images are rewritten by applying the vertical and horizontal electric field. The other one is a high‐speed switching mode which is operated by applying the horizontal electric field.
P.90: Optical Properties of LC Cells with Hybrid Orientation and Negative Birefringence
Authors: Belyaev Victor V. , Solomatin Alexey S. , Chausov Denis N.
Published: July 2013

Phase retardation ΔΦ values for the LC cells with homogeneous and inhomogeneous LC director distribution vs the LC pretilt angle θ0 on the cell's substrates, namely for hybrid cells with different LC pretilt angles at every substrate and films with negative optical anisotropy materials.
P.92: Characterization of Complex Liquid Crystal Polarization Gratings at Oblique Incidence Using Extended Jones Matrix Method
Authors: Tan Li. , Ho Jacob Y. , Kwok Hoi‐Sing
Published: July 2013

The validity of combing extended Jones matrix and vectorial Fourier coefficients to characterize a complex type polarization grating (PG) at oblique incidence was proved. More specifically, the transmitted field of a complex polarization grating at oblique incidence is characterized through the extended Jones matrix. The diffraction properties of the mth order of the grating are determined by the vectorial Fourier coefficients of the transmitted field, under the Fraunhofer approximation. The measured diffraction efficiencies of a complex PG using RGB laser light show very good agreement with the calculated data.
P.99: Alignment Peculiarities of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals on the Surfaces Processed by Plasma Beam
Authors: Kravchuk Ruslan , Yaroshchuk Oleg V.
Published: July 2013

It is demonstrated that plasma beam alignment process allows one to combine uniformity of planar texture and stability of focal conic texture of cholesteric liquid crystals (CLC) and thus obtain highly contrast and truly bistable samples. It provides suitable anchoring conditions for ULH texture. It can also be readily applied for the alignment patterning that opens new prospects for CLC devices.
P.103: High Transmittance LC Mode Based on Fringe Field Switching of Vertically‐Aligned Negative LCs
Authors: Kim Jung‐Wook , Song Dong Han , Kim Ki‐Han , Yoon Tae‐Hoon
Published: July 2013

In this work we propose a liquid crystal mode in which vertically‐aligned negative nematic liquid crystals are switched on by applying a fringe electric field. In the proposed mode, vertically‐aligned negative liquid crystals can be switched on by the vertical as well as in‐plane components of an applied fringe field so that high transmittance can be achieved. By fabricating a test cell, we experimentally obtained a transmittance of 33.7 %, which is 8.7 % higher than a homogeneously‐aligned fringe field switching cell using positive liquid crystals.
P.108: Organic Wrinkles as Optical Scattering Sources
Authors: Moon Jaehyun , Park Seung Koo , Hwang Joohyun , Cho Nam Sung , Joo Chul Woong , Huh Jin Woo , Han Jun‐Han , Shin Jin‐Wook , Cho Doo‐Hee , Lee Jonghee , Ahn Joon Tae , Lim Jong Tae , Chu Hye Yong , Lee Jeong‐Ik
Published: July 2013

Various external actions can cause the formation of patterns. In this work, we describe the spontaneous formation of wrinkles in an organic material system. The appearance of the fairly complex wrinkle structures is ascribed to the stress release during UV curing process of the liquid prepolymer solution. The wrinkle structures introduced here are demonstrated to have a light extraction function.
P.112: High Efficiency Blue Phosphorescence Organic Light Emitting Device with Novel CbzTAZ host
Authors: Chiu Tien‐Lung , Chen Shin‐Ren , Hsieh Yu‐Shuan , Leung Man‐Kit , Lee Jiun‐Haw , Ho Hsin‐Chia
Published: July 2013

A high efficiency blue phosphorescence organic light emitting device (OLED) was demonstrated by using a novel electron transporting and wide band gap material, CbzTAZ, as host doping with blue emitter, iridium(III)bis[4,6‐(di‐fluorophenyl)‐pyridinato‐N, C2′]picolinate (FIrpic). By adjusting the doping ratio of FIrpic and the thickness of emitting layer, we obtained an efficient blue phosphorescence OLED with high current efficiency over 45 cd/A and high external quantum efficiency over 23%.
P.117: Orientation of Fillers in CNT/Polymer Composite Interfacial Layer for Enhancing Charge Transportation
Authors: Rahman Rubaiya , Servati Peyman
Published: July 2013

The effect of carbon nanotube (CNT) alignment, concentration and aspect ratio embedded in polymer was studied by numerical simulation. The partial alignment of CNTs showed to decrease the intertube distance at low CNT concentration leading to higher local electric field, thus promoting charge transportation in the interfacial layer of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs).
P.121: Good Color Stable Phosphorescent White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Double Emissive Layer Structure
Authors: Son Young Hoon , Kim Young Jae , Park Mi Jin , Kwon Jang Hyuk
Published: July 2013

We report good color stable phosphorescent white organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on double emissive layer (EML) structure composed of blue and red/green phosphorescent units. Deep hole trapping situation of red and green dopants at the red/green EML could realize less voltage dependent white spectral characteristics by restricting the change of exciton generation zone. A wide band‐gap host material of 2,6‐bis(3‐(carbazol‐9‐yl)phenyl)pyridine (26DCzPPy) was used for such deep trapping generation. Fabricated phosphorescent white OLED has very slight color coordinates changes of (‐0.007, +0.006) from 1000 cd/m2 to 10000 cd/m2 with power efficiency of 37.7 lm/W and current efficiency of 48.1 cd/A at 1000 cd/m2.
P.130: A Measurement‐Based Time and Frequency Domain Analysis of the LCD VCOM Noise
Authors: Yeo Dong‐Hee , Lee Jae‐Seung , Sim Jae‐Yoon , Park Hong‐June
Published: July 2013

A quantitative analysis on the LCD VCOM noise shows that the primary and secondary noise sources are the gate and data driver signals, respectively. The time‐domain waveform and the frequency spectrum are measured directly from the LCD VCOM node voltage and indirectly from the charge amp output of touch sensor.
P.131: A Significant Multi‐Touch Algorithm for the Tracking Problem Based on the Hungarian Algorithm
Authors: Huang Shih‐Lun , Chen Charlie Chung‐Ping
Published: July 2013

The multi‐touch application has been more popular for consumer electronics because it provides a comfortable way to use intuitively. In this paper, we formulate the multi‐touch tracking problem as a minimum weighted bipartite matching problem. Furthermore, we will propose a Pre‐Processing method to prevent the wrong tracking and to have a significant speed‐up compared to the state‐of‐the‐art algorithm.