bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of individual differences on cross-language activation of meaning by phonology
Authors: Friesen Deanna C. , Whitford Veronica , Titone Debra , Jared Debra
Published: April 2019

We investigated how individual differences in language proficiency and executive control impact cross-language meaning activation through phonology. Ninety-six university students read English sentences that contained French target words. Target words were high- and low-frequency French interlingual homophones (i.e., words that share pronunciation, but not meaning across langauges; mot means ‘word’ in French and sounds like ‘mow’ in English) and matched French control words (e.g., mois – ‘month’ in French). Readers could use the homophones’ shared phonology to activate their English meanings and, ultimately, make sense of the sentence (e.g., Tony was too lazy to mot/mois the grass on Sunday). Shorter reading times were observed on interlingual homophones than control words, suggesting that phonological representations in one language activate cross-language semantic representations. Importantly, the magnitude of the effect was modulated by word frequency, and several participant-level characteristics, including French proficiency, English word knowledge, and executive control ability.
In utero sFlt-1 exposure differentially affects gene expression patterns in fetal liver
Authors: Stojanovska V. , Holwerda K. M. , van der Graaf A. M. , Verkaik-Schakel R. N. , Boekschoten M. V. , Faas M. M. , Scherjon S. A. , Plösch T.
Published: April 2019

The soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase factor 1 (sFlt-1) is a major contributor to antiangiogenesis during preeclampsia. However, little is known about the effects of sFlt-1 on fetal health. In this study we aim to evaluate the effects of the sFlt-1 concentration during pregnancy on fetal liver physiology. We used adenoviral gene delivery in Sprague-Dawley dams (seven females, 10 weeks old) during mid-gestation (gestational day 8) with adenovirus overexpressing sFlt-1, and age-matched controls (six females, 10 weeks old) with empty adenoviral virus in order to quantify the sFlt-1 concentrations in pregnant dams. Dams exposed to adenoviral sFlt-1 delivery were subdivided into a low (n=4) and high sFlt-1 (n=3) group based on host response to the virus. One-way analysis of variance showed that fetuses (five per dam) exposed to high sFlt-1 concentrations in utero show fetal growth restriction (1.84±0.043 g high sFlt-1 v. 2.32±0.036 g control; mean (M)±s.e.m.; P<0.001), without hypertension or proteinuria in the dams. In continuation, the microarray analysis of the fetal liver of the high sFlt-1 group showed significant enrichment of key genes for fatty acid metabolism and Ppara targets. In addition, using pyrosequencing, we found that the Ppara enrichment in the high sFlt-1 group is accompanied by decreased methylation of its promoter (1.89±0.097 mean % methylation in high sFlt-1 v. 2.26±0.095 mean % methylation in control, M±s.e.m., P<0.02). Our data show that high sFlt-1 concentrations during pregnancy have detrimental effects on the fatty acid metabolism genes and the Ppara targets in the fetal liver.
Utility of glufosinate in postemergence row middle weed control in Florida plasticulture production
Authors: Sharpe Shaun M. , Boyd Nathan S.
Published: April 2019

Herbicides are the foundation for row-middle weed control in Florida plasticulture production. Paraquat is commonly used as a burndown herbicide, and resistance issues have subsequently developed. Halosulfuron is mixed with PRE and POST herbicides to provide additional control of nutsedge. The objective of the study was to determine glufosinate efficacy on weeds emerging in the row-middle and suitability in mixture with halosulfuron for nutsedge control. For total weed control, the high dose of glufosinate (983 g ai ha–1) gave the highest overall control (98% and 64% at 4 wk after treatment for experiments 1 and 2, respectively), and the low rate of glufosinate (656 g ha–1) (67% and 39%) gave results comparable to paraquat (57% and 44%). The high glufosinate dose and paraquat gave comparable control of Brazil pusley (74% to 77% control). Glufosinate + halosulfuron mixture had lower efficacy on Brazil pusley than halosulfuron + paraquat mixture. Glufosinate application reduced grass densities, whereas paraquat did not. Increasing the glufosinate dose did not further decrease grass densities. Similar trends in grass control were also demonstrated in their respective mixtures. Mixing halosulfuron with glufosinate or paraquat did not provide consistent reductions in nutsedge densities, nor did adding paraquat or glufosinate further reduce densities compared with halosulfuron alone for the 4-wk study period. Both paraquat and glufosinate antagonized halosulfuron and reduced efficacy on nutsedge. Compared to controls, there was a reduction between expected and actual nutsedge control for paraquat and glufosinate (25% and 36%), respectively. For total weed control, glufosinate is a suitable alternative to paraquat for row-middle weed management in vegetable production.
Soybean response to dicamba in irrigation water under controlled environmental conditions
Authors: Willett Cammy D. , Grantz Erin M. , Lee Jung Ae , Thompson Matthew N. , Norsworthy Jason K.
Published: April 2019

While much research has focused on crop damage following foliar exposure to auxin herbicides, reports documenting the risk posed by exposure via root uptake of irrigation water are lacking. Herbicide residues circulated in tailwater recovery systems may pose threats of cross-crop impacts to nonresistant cultivars with known sensitivity to auxins. An auxin-susceptible soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] cultivar was grown in a controlled growth chamber environment and exposed to dicamba dissolved in irrigation water applied to the soil surface, simulating furrow irrigation. Five herbicide treatment concentrations, ranging from 0.05 to 5.0 mg L−1and encompassing estimated field doses of 3.1 to 310g ha−1, were applied to the soil of potted soybean plants at V3/V4 or R1 growth stages. Plant injury (0% to 100%), dry mass, height, number of pods, and number of pod-bearing nodes were measured. Kruskal-Wallis and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine treatment differences and examine dose effects. Yield losses were projected using (1) 14 d after treatment plant injury assessments based on injury–yield relationships described for foliar exposures and (2) pod counts. Dicamba concentration was the main significant factor affecting all growth response metrics, and growth stage was a significant explanatory variable only for the height response metric. A nonlinear response to dicamba dose was observed, with the threshold response dose required to affect 50% of plants being three times greater for 40% crop injury compared with 20% injury. Yield projections derived from plant response to root uptake compared with foliar exposure indicate that soybean may express both magnitude of injury and specific symptomology differently when exposure occurs via root uptake. Drift exposure–based models may be incompatible to predict soybean yield loss when injury results from irrigation. Data are needed to develop correlations for predicting yield losses based on field-scale exposure to dicamba in irrigation water, as well as assessment of real-world concentrations of herbicide residues in tailwater recovery systems.
Seismicity at the Northern Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand, and Investigation of the Potential Spatial and Temporal Relationships With a Shallow Slow Slip Event
Authors: Yarce J. , Sheehan A. F. , Nakai J. S. , Schwartz S. Y. , Mochizuki K. , Savage M. K. , Wallace L. M. , Henrys S. A. , Webb S. C. , Ito Y. , Abercrombie R. E. , Fry B. , Shaddox H. , Todd E. K.
Published: April 2019

In 2014–2015, the Hikurangi Ocean Bottom Investigation of Tremor and Slow Slip experiment deployed seafloor absolute pressure gauges and ocean bottom seismometers directly above a large slow slip event, allowing examination of the relationship between slow slip and earthquakes in detail. Hikurangi Ocean Bottom Investigation of Tremor and Slow Slip data were combined with nearby existing land stations to create a catalog of microseismicity consisting of 2,300 earthquakes ranging in magnitude between 0.5 and 4.7 that is complete to magnitude 1.5, yielding almost twice as many events as detected by the onshore networks alone. This greatly improves the seismicity catalog for this active subduction zone margin, especially in the offshore portion that was difficult to study using only the inland permanent seismic network. The new locations for the events within the footprint of the offshore network show that earthquakes near the trench are systematically shallower than and NW (landward) of their locations using only land‐based stations. Our results indicate that Hikurangi seismicity is concentrated in two NE‐SW bands, one offshore beneath the outer forearc wedge, one onshore beneath the eastern Raukumara Peninsula, and the majority of earthquakes are within the subducting Pacific plate with a smaller percent at the plate interface. We find a 20‐km wide northeast trending gap in microseismicity between the two bands and beneath the inner forearc wedge and this gap in seismicity borders the downdip edge of a slow slip patch.
Formation of the Y Feature at the Venusian Cloud Top by Planetary‐Scale Waves and the Mean Circulation: Analysis of Venus Express VMC Images
Authors: Nara Y. , Imamura T. , Murakami S. , Kouyama T. , Ogohara K. , Yamada M. , Takagi M. , Kashimura H. , Sato N.
Published: April 2019

The relationship between the planetary‐scale ultraviolet contrast known as the Y feature and the wind field at the Venusian cloud top was investigated by using images obtained by Venus Monitoring Camera (VMC) on ESA's Venus Express. Spectral analyses of the ultraviolet reflectivity and the wind field revealed common periodicities of 4–5 Earth days, which are attributed to Kelvin and Rossby waves with a zonal wave number of unity. Combined with the morphological relationship between the dark streaks and the enhancement of poleward flow, we propose a mechanism for the formation of the Y feature: The dark materials are supplied to the cloud top in the equatorial region by a Kelvin wave, subsequently advected poleward by the mean meridional circulation and a Rossby wave, and then stretched by the midlatitude jet to the tilted band structures. A simplified transport model was developed to demonstrate the scenario.
Model Hierarchies for Understanding Atmospheric Circulation
Authors: Maher Penelope , Gerber Edwin P. , Medeiros Brian , Merlis Timothy M. , Sherwood Steven , Sheshadri Aditi , Sobel Adam H. , Vallis Geoffrey K. , Voigt Aiko , Zurita‐Gotor Pablo
Published: April 2019

In this review, we highlight the complementary relationship between simple and comprehensive models in addressing key scientific questions to describe Earth's atmospheric circulation. The systematic representation of models in steps, or hierarchies, connects our understanding from idealized systems to comprehensive models and ultimately the observed atmosphere. We define three interconnected principles that can be used to characterize the model hierarchies of the atmosphere. We explore the rich diversity within the governing equations in the dynamical hierarchy, the ability to isolate and understand atmospheric processes in the process hierarchy, and the importance of the physical domain and resolution in the hierarchy of scale. We center our discussion on the large‐scale circulation of the atmosphere and its interaction with clouds and convection, focusing on areas where simple models have had a significant impact. Our confidence in climate model projections of the future is based on our efforts to ground the climate predictions in fundamental physical understanding. This understanding is, in part, possible due to the hierarchies of idealized models that afford the simplicity required for understanding complex systems.
Determining Inflow Forecast Horizon for Reservoir Operation
Authors: Zhao Qiankun , Cai Ximing , Li Yu
Published: April 2019

A critical study issue to incorporate imperfect forecast in real‐time reservoir operation is determining the forecast horizon. In this study, properties for the longest forecast horizon (LFH) and the effective forecast horizon (EFH) are derived from a multistage, deterministic optimization model for the operation of a single water supply reservoir with a concave benefit function. The LFH addresses the question of how long a forecast is sufficient to make an optimal reservoir release decision for the current stage if the effect of forecast uncertainty is not considered. The EFH represents a forecast horizon with the information for decision making as much as allowed by uncertainty effect control, which is set as prescribed decision reliability quantified by the error bound (i.e., the largest difference between the optimal release decisions made under any two inflow scenarios). The properties of LFH and EFH are used to specify the criteria and design the procedures for determining EFH and LFH. A hypothetical but typical case study is used to demonstrate the criteria and procedures. Both theoretical analysis and the case study results show that LFH and EFH are affected by multiple factors such as the reservoir capacity, inflow variability, forecast uncertainty, maximum allowable error bound, and ending storage estimate accuracy. LFH is longer with a larger capacity, smaller inflow variability, and smaller forecast uncertainty, and EFH is longer with smaller forecast uncertainty, larger error bound, and more accurate ending storage estimates.
A CRISPR-Cas9 delivery system for in vivo screening of genes in the immune system
Authors: LaFleur Martin W. , Nguyen Thao H. , Coxe Matthew A. , Yates Kathleen B. , Trombley Justin D. , Weiss Sarah A. , Brown Flavian D. , Gillis Jacob E. , Coxe Daniel J. , Doench John G. , Haining W. Nicholas , Sharpe Arlene H.
Published: April 2019

Therapies that target the function of immune cells have significant clinical efficacy in diseases such as cancer and autoimmunity. Although functional genomics has accelerated therapeutic target discovery in cancer, its use in primary immune cells is limited because vector delivery is inefficient and can perturb cell states. Here we describe CHIME: CHimeric IMmune Editing, a CRISPR-Cas9 bone marrow delivery system to rapidly evaluate gene function in innate and adaptive immune cells in vivo without ex vivo manipulation of these mature lineages. This approach enables efficient deletion of genes of interest in major immune lineages without altering their development or function. We use this approach to perform an in vivo pooled genetic screen and identify Ptpn2 as a negative regulator of CD8+ T cell-mediated responses to LCMV Clone 13 viral infection. These findings indicate that this genetic platform can enable rapid target discovery through pooled screening in immune cells in vivo.
Simultaneous defeat of MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 resistances by a hypericin PDT–tamoxifen hybrid therapy
Authors: Theodossiou Theodossis A. , Ali Muhammad , Grigalavicius Mantas , Grallert Beata , Dillard Pierre , Schink Kay Oliver , Olsen Cathrine E. , Wälchli Sébastien , Inderberg Else Marit , Kubin Andreas , Peng Qian , Berg Kristian
Published: April 2019

Currently the greatest challenge in oncology is the lack of homogeneity of the lesions where different cell components respond differently to treatment. There is growing consensus that monotherapies are insufficient to eradicate the disease and there is an unmet need for more potent combinatorial treatments. We have previously shown that hypericin photodynamic therapy (HYP-PDT) triggers electron transport chain (ETC) inhibition in cell mitochondria. We have also shown that tamoxifen (TAM) enhances cytotoxicity in cells with high respiration, when combined with ETC inhibitors. Herein we introduce a synergistic treatment based on TAM chemotherapy and HYP-PDT. We tested this novel combinatorial treatment (HYPERTAM) in two metabolically different breast cancer cell lines, the triple-negative MDA-MB-231 and the estrogen-receptor-positive MCF7, the former being quite sensitive to HYP-PDT while the latter very responsive to TAM treatment. In addition, we investigated the mode of death, effect of lipid peroxidation, and the effect on cell metabolism. The results were quite astounding. HYPERTAM exhibited over 90% cytotoxicity in both cell lines. This cytotoxicity was in the form of both necrosis and autophagy, while high levels of lipid peroxidation were observed in both cell lines. We, consequently, translated our research to an in vivo pilot study encompassing the MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 tumor models in NOD SCID-γ immunocompromised mice. Both treatment cohorts responded very positively to HYPERTRAM, which significantly prolonged mice survival. HYPERTAM is a potent, synergistic modality, which may lay the foundations for a novel, composite anticancer treatment, effective in diverse tumor types.
Genetic algorithms for computational materials discovery accelerated by machine learning
Authors: Jennings Paul C. , Lysgaard Steen , Hummelshøj Jens Strabo , Vegge Tejs , Bligaard Thomas
Published: April 2019

Materials discovery is increasingly being impelled by machine learning methods that rely on pre-existing datasets. Where datasets are lacking, unbiased data generation can be achieved with genetic algorithms. Here a machine learning model is trained on-the-fly as a computationally inexpensive energy predictor before analyzing how to augment convergence in genetic algorithm-based approaches by using the model as a surrogate. This leads to a machine learning accelerated genetic algorithm combining robust qualities of the genetic algorithm with rapid machine learning. The approach is used to search for stable, compositionally variant, geometrically similar nanoparticle alloys to illustrate its capability for accelerated materials discovery, e.g., nanoalloy catalysts. The machine learning accelerated approach, in this case, yields a 50-fold reduction in the number of required energy calculations compared to a traditional “brute force” genetic algorithm. This makes searching through the space of all homotops and compositions of a binary alloy particle in a given structure feasible, using density functional theory calculations.
Altered gene expression in antipsychotic-induced weight gain
Authors: Crespo-Facorro Benedicto , Prieto Carlos , Sainz Jesus
Published: April 2019

Antipsychotic drugs are one of the largest types of prescribed drugs. However, antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG) is a major problem for the patients. AIWG increases cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality, and reduces quality of life and drug compliance. To characterize changes in gene expression related to AIWG, we sequenced total messenger RNA from the blood samples of two groups of schizophrenia patients before and after 3 months of treatment with antipsychotics. The “weight gain” group was defined by an increase of body mass index (BMI) >1.5 points (18 patients; median BMI increase = 2.69) and the “no weight gain” group was defined by a change of BMI between <1.0 and >−1.0 points (18 patients; median BMI increase = 0.26). We found 115 genes with significant differential expression in the weight gain group before and after medication and 156 in the no weight gain group before and after medication. The weight gain group was significantly enriched with genes related to “obesity” and “BMI” (Fisher; p = 0.0002 and 0.01, respectively) according to the Gene Reference into Function (GeneRIF) database. In the no weight gain group, the enrichment was much smaller (Fisher; p = 0.02 and 0.79). This study is a first step toward detecting genetic factors that cause AIWG and to generating prediction tests in future studies with larger data sets.
Author Correction: Dopamine D3 receptor antagonist reveals a cryptic pocket in aminergic GPCRs
Authors: Ferruz Noelia , Doerr Stefan , Vanase-Frawley Michelle A. , Zou Yaozhong , Chen Xiaomin , Marr Eric S. , Nelson Robin T. , Kormos Bethany L. , Wager Travis T. , Hou Xinjun , Villalobos Anabella , Sciabola Simone , De Fabritiis Gianni
Published: April 2019

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: Regulation of volatile and non-volatile pheromone attractants depends upon male social status
Authors: Thoß M. , Luzynski K. C. , Enk V. M. , Razzazi-Fazeli E. , Kwak J. , Ortner I. , Penn D. J.
Published: April 2019

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Hippocampal and cortical communication around micro-arousals in slow-wave sleep
Authors: dos Santos Lima Gustavo Zampier , Lobao-Soares Bruno , Corso Gilberto , Belchior Hindiael , Lopes Sergio Roberto , de Lima Prado Thiago , Nascimento George , França Arthur Cavalcanti de , Fontenele-Araújo John , Ivanov Plamen Ch.
Published: April 2019

Sleep plays a crucial role in the regulation of body homeostasis and rhythmicity in mammals. Recently, a specific component of the sleep structure has been proposed as part of its homeostatic mechanism, named micro-arousal. Here, we studied the unique progression of the dynamic behavior of cortical and hippocampal local field potentials (LFPs) during slow-wave sleep-related to motor-bursts (micro-arousals) in mice. Our main results comprised: (i) an abrupt drop in hippocampal LFP amplitude preceding micro-arousals which persisted until the end of motor-bursts (we defined as t interval, around 4s) and a similar, but delayed amplitude reduction in cortical (S1/M1) LFP activity occurring at micro-arousal onset; (ii) two abrupt frequency jumps in hippocampal LFP activity: from Theta (6–12 Hz) to Delta (2–4 Hz), also t seconds before the micro-arousal onset, and followed by another frequency jump from Delta to Theta range (5–7 Hz), now occurring at micro-arousal onset; (iii) a pattern of cortico-hippocampal frequency communication precedes micro-arousals: the analysis between hippocampal and cortical LFP fluctuations reveal high coherence during τ interval in a broader frequency band (2–12 Hz), while at a lower frequency band (0.5–2 Hz) the coherence reaches its maximum after the onset of micro-arousals. In conclusion, these novel findings indicate that oscillatory dynamics pattern of cortical and hippocampal LFPs preceding micro-arousals could be part of the regulatory processes in sleep architecture.
Biological ingredient complement chemical ingredient in the assessment of the quality of TCM preparations
Authors: Bai Hong , Li Xianhong , Li Hongjun , Yang Jialiang , Ning Kang
Published: April 2019

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) preparations have been used in China for thousands of years. Quality evaluation for TCM preparations could be conducted based on chemical ingredients or biological ingredients. To date, the overwhelming majority of researches have focused on chemical ingredients while few studies were reported for biological ingredients. It is only recently that the assessments based on biological ingredients have drawn broader attentions. In this work, we have established a method for quality evaluation of TCM preparations by combination of chemical ingredients determined by HPLC fingerprint and biological ingredients obtained by high-throughput sequencing. This proof-of-concept method has been evaluated and compared with existing methods on Liuwei Dihuang Wan, a classical TCM preparation in China. By comparison of this method with those only based on chemical or biological ingredients, it is suggested that (1) Biological ingredient could complement chemical ingredient in separating TCM preparation from different manufacturers and batches with high accuracy; (2) classification of samples based on selected features would always out-perform those based on all features (either chemical or biological or both). By rationally selecting representative biological and chemical features, we have proven that these two types of features could complement each other for the assessment of ingredient consistencies and differences among various TCM samples, which is helpful to ensure the effectiveness, safety and legality of TCM preparations.
Deposition of lignin in four species of Saccharum
Authors: Llerena Juan Pablo Portilla , Figueiredo Raquel , Brito Michael dos Santos , Kiyota Eduardo , Mayer Juliana Lischka Sampaio , Araujo Pedro , Schimpl Flavia Camila , Dama Murali , Pauly Markus , Mazzafera Paulo
Published: April 2019

We used primers designed on conserved gene regions of several species to isolate the most expressed genes of the lignin pathway in four Saccharum species. S. officinarum and S. barberi have more sucrose in the culms than S. spontaneum and S. robustum, but less polysaccharides and lignin in the cell wall. S. spontaneum, and S. robustum had the lowest S/G ratio and a lower rate of saccharification in mature internodes. Surprisingly, except for CAD, 4CL, and CCoAOMT for which we found three, two, and two genes, respectively, only one gene was found for the other enzymes and their sequences were highly similar among the species. S. spontaneum had the highest expression for most genes. CCR and CCoAOMT B presented the highest expression; 4CL and F5H showed increased expression in mature tissues; C3H and CCR had higher expression in S. spontaneum, and one of the CADs isolated (CAD B) had higher expression in S. officinarum. The similarity among the most expressed genes isolated from these species was unexpected and indicated that lignin biosynthesis is conserved in Saccharum including commercial varieties Thus the lignin biosynthesis control in sugarcane may be only fully understood with the knowledge of the promotor region of each gene.
CTAB Surfactant Assisted and High pH Nano-Formulations of CuO Nanoparticles Pose Greater Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects
Authors: Singh Zorawar , Singh Iqbal
Published: April 2019

Toxicity of synthesized nanoparticles is the area of concern to all the researchers due to their possible health implications. Here we synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) without surfactant at pH value of 2, 7, 10 and with cetyletrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) surfactant at pH 7. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized for various structural parameters including crystallite size, lattice parameters, strain, phase analysis using X-ray diffraction analysis, and morphological aspects have been analyzed using FESEM and HRTEM imaging. All the four nano-formulations were analyzed for their toxic potential using Allium cepa L. at three different concentrations (0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 g/100 ml). Cytological and genetic parameters including mitotic index, mitotic inhibition, aberrant cells, binucleated cells, micronucleated cells, chromosomal bridges, fragmentation, stickiness, laggards, vagrants, c-mitosis and disturbed spindle were analyzed. Our results revealed a dose dependent increase in cytotoxic parameters including decreased total dividing cells, mitotic index, and increased mitotic inhibition. Genotoxic parameters also increased at higher treatment concentrations including chromosomal aberrations and percent aberrant cells. The pH value at the time of particle synthesis has significant influence on the crystallite size and agglomeration as assessed by XRD, FESEM and HRTEM analysis. The NPs synthesized at pH 2 and 10 were found to be of smaller size and posed more toxic effects as compared to particles synthesized at neutral pH. On the other hand, CTAB assisted CuO NPs synthesized at pH 7 revealed even smaller crystallite sizes and thus boost the toxicity in all the parameters as compared to NPs synthesized without CTAB. The present study suggested an increase in toxic parameters of synthesized CuO NPs with respect to crystallite size which is pH dependent. Addition of CTAB at pH 7 decreased the crystallite as well as particle size and enhanced the toxic potential. Further studies are recommended to analyze the effect of surfactant addition in toxicological studies on CuO NPs.
Peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with bipolar disorder type II
Authors: Pietruczuk Krzysztof , Lisowska Katarzyna A. , Grabowski Karol , Landowski Jerzy , Cubała Wiesław J. , Witkowski Jacek M.
Published: April 2019

We investigated the phenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with bipolar disorder type II in different phases of the disease in order to check whether there are specific changes in the immune parameters. Lymphocytes subpopulations were analyzed ex vivo with flow cytometry in patients in euthymic, depression or hypomanic phase of the disease and compared with healthy controls. All BD patients were characterized by lower percentage of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ cells compared with healthy people. But only patients in depression and remission had higher percentage of B cells (CD19+ cells) compared with healthy people. The percentage of CD4+CD25+ and CD8+CD25+ cells was decreased in patients in hypomanic phase compared with healthy control. Patients in remission were characterized by increased concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 and decreased level of TNF in blood serum. Significant correlations between immunologic parameters and the results of Hamilton or Young scale have also been found. Our results demonstrate that there are significant differences in lymphocyte subpopulations which depend on the phase of the disease the patient is currently in.
Biomimetic hard and tough nanoceramic Ti–Al–N film with self-assembled six-level hierarchy
Authors: Meindlhumer Michael , Zalesak Jakub , Pitonak Reinhard , Todt Juraj , Sartory Bernhard , Burghammer Manfred , Stark Andreas , Schell Norbert , Daniel Rostislav , Keckes Julius F. , Lessiak Mario , Köpf Arno , Weißenbacher Ronald , Keckes Jozef
Published: April 2019

We demonstrate a biomimetic synthesis strategy, based on self-assembly from two variants of gaseous precursors.
Novel fluorescent amphiphilic copolymer probes containing azo-tetraphenylethylene bridges for azoreductase-triggered release
Authors: Yuan Xiaojie , Wang Zhe , Li Lishan , Yu Jiawei , Wang Yuqing , Li Hongkun , Zhang Jiandong , Zhang Zhengbiao , Zhou Nianchen , Zhu Xiulin
Published: April 2019

A novel AIE fluorescent probe of amphiphilic block copolymer PCL-TPE-Azo-PEG was successfully synthesized based on azo reductase response. The polymer can be self-assembled and showed fluorescence improvement during reductant-triggered release.
Naringenin improves mitochondrial function and reduces cardiac damage following ischemia-reperfusion injury: the role of the AMPK-SIRT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Yu Li-Ming , Dong Xue , Xue Xiao-Dong , Zhang Jian , Li Zhi , Wu Hong-Jiang , Yang Zhong-Lu , Yang Yang , Wang Hui-Shan
Published: April 2019

Naringenin directly inhibits mitochondrial oxidative stress damage and preserves mitochondrial biogenesisviaAMPK-SIRT3 signaling, thus attenuating MI/R injury.
Metagenomic analysis revealed beneficial effects of probiotics in improving the composition and function of the gut microbiota in dogs with diarrhoea
Authors: Xu Haiyan , Zhao Feiyan , Hou Qiangchuan , Huang Weiqiang , Liu Yahua , Zhang Heping , Sun Zhihong
Published: April 2019

Probiotics-induced potentially beneficial changes in the gut microbiota and its functional genes of diarrhoeal dogs, suggesting probiotics improve health through regulation of the gut microbiota.
Charge-tunable graphene dispersions in water made with amphoteric pyrene derivatives
Authors: Shin Yuyoung , Just-Baringo Xavier , Zarattini Marco , Isherwood Liam H. , Baidak Aliaksandr , Kostarelos Kostas , Larrosa Igor , Casiraghi Cinzia
Published: April 2019

Pyrene derivatives with biomolecular functional groups (lysine and taurine) have been used to produce stable, concentrated and biocompatible graphene dispersions with amphoteric properties.
Enzyme-modified electrodes for biosensors and biofuel cells
Authors: Pinyou Piyanut , Blay Vincent , Muresan Liana Maria , Noguer Thierry
Published: April 2019

The use of protein engineering, designer polymers, and the introduction of nanomaterials are key strategies for the design of next-generation bioelectrodes.
Amplified luminescence in organo-curium nanocrystal hybrids
Authors: Agbo Peter , Müller Alexander , Arnedo-Sanchez Leticia , Ercius Peter , Minor Andrew M. , Abergel Rebecca J.
Published: April 2019

Amplified luminescence of248Cm3+doped in a NaGdF4lattice is achieved through optical pumping of a surface-localized metal chelator, 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO).
Large-scale fabrication of N-doped porous carbon nanosheets for dye adsorption and supercapacitor applications
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , Wang Kai , Wang Yahuan , Wang Shaomin , Chen Zhimin , Chen Jiafu , Fu Jianwei
Published: April 2019

A simple and feasible explosion-assisted activation strategy is proposed to realize the large-scale fabrication of N-doped porous carbon nanosheets.
A light-tunable thermoresponsive supramolecular switch with reversible and complete “off–on”/“on–off” conversion
Authors: Yao Hao , Yang Zhen , Fan Xiaodong , Song Xin , He Jia , Tian Wei
Published: April 2019

A phototunable upper critical solution temperature transition of a supramolecular host–guest system was used as a thermoresponsive supramolecular switch.
Properties of immature and mature dendritic cells: phenotype, morphology, phagocytosis, and migration
Authors: Kim Min Kyung , Kim Jaeyun
Published: April 2019

Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells that play an important role in connecting the innate and adaptive immunity of the immune system.
Enantioseparation by crystallization using magnetic substrates
Authors: Tassinari Francesco , Steidel Jakob , Paltiel Shahar , Fontanesi Claudio , Lahav Meir , Paltiel Yossi , Naaman Ron
Published: April 2019

Enantiospecific crystallization of the three amino acids asparagine (Asn), glutamic acid hydrochloride (Glu·HCl) and threonine (Thr), induced by ferromagnetic (FM) substrates, is reported.
Porcelain insulation – defining the underlying mechanism of failure
Authors: Kluss Joni , Chalaki Mojtaba Rostaghi , Whittington Wilburn , Rhee Hongjoo , Whittington Samuel , Yadollahi Aref
Published: April 2019

Porcelain insulators have a long history and wide application range in power systems, but just like any other insulator, they can fail. A number of pole fires occurred on lines utilising porcelain suspension insulators. In some cases, the insulators appeared to be visually intact with no external signs of degradation or abnormal stress. This prompted a comprehensive assessment to identify the mechanism that leads to the permanent loss of insulating properties while retaining external physical characteristics. A single test is not sufficient to determine the underlying cause of conduction as results may produce contradictory conclusions. Electrical tests were able to identify samples with poor dielectric strength. Nevertheless, these same samples exhibited excellent mechanical properties. Despite successfully passing numerous porosity tests, scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed porosity and multiple microscopic punctures in the porcelain dielectric. Only upon complete dissection of samples, the conduction mechanism was revealed. This article discusses the challenges associated with establishing the root failure mechanism for the investigated porcelain insulators that allows visually sound samples to lose their insulating properties without experiencing catastrophic failure.
The process of vanadium migration and silicon extraction by alkaline leaching from high silicon stone coal under reduction conditions
Authors: Wu Hao , Feng Yali , Zhang Heng , Li Haoran
Published: April 2019

It is difficult to utilize stone coal with a vanadium grade of below 0.7%. With the aim of effectively utilizing the silicon and vanadium in stone coal, the vanadium concentration and silicon extraction processes by alkaline leaching under reducing conditions were investigated. The effect of NaOH mass fraction, temperature and the amount of hydrazine hydrate on the leaching process was researched. Moreover, the laws of phase transformation and the migration process of vanadium were revealed. The results show that the dissolution of quartz resulted in the exposure of muscovite and goldmanite, but the phase of muscovite and goldmanite was not damaged. Under the optimal operation conditions (25% mass fraction of NaOH, liquid-solid ratio 2:1 at 200 °C for 4 hours), 90.14% of silicon was removed. At the same time, the modulus of sodium silicate product reached 1.88 and the content of V2O5 enriched from 0.5% to 2.51%. In addition, V(IV) was partially reduced to V(III) by adding hydrazine hydrate in an amount of 10% by mass. V(IV) migrated from the liquid phase to the alkali leaching slag, and the recovery of vanadium increased from 89.48% to 94.43%. All the obtained results suggest an efficient process for separation and extraction of vanadium and silicon.
Microstructure and properties of pure aluminum prepared by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Zeng Wen , Qin Weicai , Gu Cheng , Sun Hao , Ma Yilong , Cao Xianlong
Published: April 2019

Pure Aluminum (Al) powder was densified by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The effects of sintering temperature (450–600 °C) on microstructure, density, hardness and corrosion resistance of the sintered samples were investigated. The methods used in the present study were scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, electrochemical workstation and hardness measurements. The results show that the sintering temperature obviously affects the hardness, relative density, microstructures and corrosion resistance of the sintered Al samples. However, there are different trends with increasing sintering temperature. The maximum hardness (37.7 HV) was obtained at the sample sintered at 550 °C. The polarization curves and corrosion morphology analyses indicated that the sample sintered at 450 °C has the best corrosion resistance (Icorr = 0.344 µA · cm−2). Besides, it was found that the sample sintered at 600 °C was burnt and had many holes along grain boundaries and at triple junctions.
Therapie der Varikose im Wandel der Zeit
Authors: Korsake K. , Stücker M. , Reich-Schupke S.
Published: April 2019

Insbesondere in den letzten zwei Dekaden hat sich die Therapie der Varikose
rasant entwickelt. Es sind zahlreiche neue Therapiemodalitäten hinzugekommen.
Während zuvor die operative Therapie der Varikose mittels Cross- und
Saphenektomie als Standard galt, empfehlen internationale Leitlinien derzeit
primär eine endoluminale Therapie der Varikose mittels endovenöse Laser-,
Radiofrequenztherapie oder Sklerosierung (NICE, AVF).Bisher fehlt ein Überblick
über die Etablierung der Anwendung dieser neuen Therapieoptionen in Deutschland.
In unserer Studie haben wir eine Befragung von Ärzten, deren Einrichtung als
Venenkompetenzzentrums zertifiziert sind (Stand 4/2017–149), zu ihrem Vorgehen
bei primärer Varikose und Rezidivvarikose vor 20 Jahren, 10 Jahren und heute,
durchgeführt.

Die Daten zeigen einer zunehmenden Tendenz zur endovenösen Behandlung der
Varikose. Die Zahlen der klassischen operativen Therapie sind im untersuchten
Kollektiv in den letzten 20 Jahren deutlich gesunken.
Ein Blick in die Werkstätten der rheumatologischen Wissenschaft
Authors: Keyßer Gernot
Published: April 2019

Sehr geehrte Leserinnen und Leser der Aktuellen Rheumatologie,

unsere Zeitschrift ist einer praxisnahen Medizin verpflichtet. Das Vermitteln von profundem Wissen auf dem Gebiet der internistischen und orthopädischen Rheumatologie und vom aktuellen Stand der Diagnostik und Behandlung relevanter rheumatischer Erkrankungen ist unser erstes Anliegen. Dazu haben wir häufig unsere Schwerpunkthefte den Themen mit besonderer Alltagsrelevanz gewidmet und werden dies auch weiterhin tun.
Telemedizin: Besseres Outcome bei IMC-Patienten?
Authors: Simon Annika
Published: April 2019

Telemedizin spielt heute vor allem in ländlichen Regionen eine wichtige Rolle und hat sich auf Intensivstationen bewährt. Ob die Betreuung aus der Ferne auch für Patienten von Intermediate Care Stationen (IMC) einen Überlebensvorteil bringt, haben amerikanische Wissenschaftler um Donna Lee Armaignac jetzt genauer untersucht.
Telematikinfrastruktur von Kliniken: 5 Fehler, die Sie vermeiden sollten
Authors: Fiedler Martin
Published: April 2019

Erfahrungsberichte von Kliniken zur Einführung der Telematikinfrastruktur (TI) gibt es noch nicht. Aber aus den Erfahrungen und Berichten von Beratern, die komplexe TI-Anbindungsprojekte realisiert haben, lassen sich für Klinikleitungen fünf gedankliche Ansätze destillieren, die garantiert ins Fiasko führen.
EU-Medizinprodukteverordnung: Verwirrung um Kliniksoftware
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: April 2019

Die ab Mai 2020 gültige EU-Medizinprodukteverordnung gilt auch für Software. Viele IT-Abteilungen in den Kliniken wissen noch nicht, wie sie damit umgehen sollen.
Telemedizin: Arzthaftung bei telemedi zinischen Angeboten
Authors: Eichelberger Jan
Published: April 2019

Digitalisierung und Vernetzung machen es heute technisch möglich, den klassischen Arzt-Patienten-Kontakt durch den Einsatz von Fern kommunikationsmitteln wie Smartphone und Internet zu ergänzen oder gar zu ersetzen. Die damit verbundenen arzthaftungsrechtlichen Risiken sind nicht zu unterschätzen.
Kommunikation: Patienten verstehen Ärzte weniger gut als gedacht
Authors: Hölbling Catrin
Published: April 2019

Refluxbeschwerden, Angina pectoris, Karzinom? Viele Ärzte gehen davon aus, dass ihre Patienten grundlegende medizinische Begriffe kennen. Eine Umfrage in der Fachzeitschrift „DMW“ zeigt jedoch, dass dies nicht immer der Fall ist. Selbst bei deutschsprachigen Begriffen ist Patienten nicht immer klar, was genau damit gemeint ist.
Digitalisierte Prozesse: Systemrisiken aktiv managen!
Authors: Feldhaus Christoph
Published: April 2019

Die Digitalisierung verändert das Arbeitsumfeld und die Rahmenbedingungen des täglichen Tuns. Mit den prozessualen Änderungen werden auch die IT-Infrastrukturen und sonstige technische Anlagen erweitert. Unberücksichtigt bleiben häufig die nötigen Anpassungen der Überprüfungen sowie der Notfallkonzepte.
A1–A2 Fenestration Tube Technique for Clipping a Ruptured Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm
Authors: González Nicolás , Mosquera John , Ruiz-Aburto Arturo , Morales Manuel , Zapata Rodrigo , Müller José , Díaz Roberto , Vásquez Juan , Zambrano Héctor , Ravera Franco
Published: April 2019

A fenestration tube is a clipping reconstruction technique that allows the preservation of critical vessels in aneurysm surgery. A patient with a ruptured anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysm with a posterior projection was admitted to our neurosurgery unit. A right dominant A1 with rotation of the A2 fork was observed on preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA). During surgery, we observed that the recurrent artery of Heubner branched off the A2 just distal to the neck of the aneurysm. Successful clipping was achieved by building an “A1–A2 fenestration tube,” with preservation of the recurrent artery and of the ACoA perforators. Surgical nuances and the advantages of fenestration tubes are discussed.
Electrochemical methods for fabrication of polymers/calcium phosphates nanocomposites as hard tissue implants
Authors: Touny Ahmed H. , Saleh Mohamed M. , Abd El-Lateef Hany M. , Saleh Mahmoud M.
Published: April 2019

Developing and manipulating new biomaterials is an ongoing topic for their needs in medical uses. The evolution and development of new biomaterials, in both the academic and industrial sectors, have been encouraged due to the dramatic improvement in medicine and medical-related technologies. Due to the drawbacks associated with natural biomaterials, the use of synthetic biomaterials is preferential due to basic and applied aspects. Various techniques are involved in fabricating biomaterials. Among them are the electrochemical-based methods, which include electrodeposition and electrophoretic methods. Although electrospinning and electrospraying are not typical electrochemical methods, they are also reviewed in this article due to their importance. Many remarkable features can be acquired from this technique. Electrodeposition and electrophoretic deposition are exceptional and valuable processes for fabricating thin or thick coated films on a surface of metallic implants. Electrodeposition and electrophoretic deposition have some common positive features. They can be used at low temperatures, do not affect the structure of the implant, and can be applied to complex shapes, and they can produce superior properties, such as quick and uniform coating. Furthermore, they can possibly control the thickness and chemical composition of the coatings. Electrospinning is a potentially emerging and efficient process for producing materials with nanofibrous structures, which have exceptional characteristics such as mechanical properties, pore size, and superior surface area. These specialized characteristics induce these nanostructured materials to be used in different technologies.
Alfenol patch-, galfenol patch- and galfenol paint-based torque sensor characterization studies
Authors: Muller Brooks , Van Order Michael N. , Na Suok-Min , Flatau Alison B.
Published: April 2019

Alfenol (Fe-Al) and Galfenol (Fe-Ga) are iron-based structural magnetostrictive alloys that, for compositions of ∼81% iron, are increasingly being used in sensing, actuating, and energy harvesting devices [Park et al., AIP Advances 6(5), 056221 (2016)]. Recent improvements in the development of magnetostrictive materials using the deformation processing methods of rolling to produce highly textured thin sheet [Park et al., AIP Advances 6(5), 056221 (2016)] and ball milling to produce (001)-oriented micron-size flakes [S. M. Na, J. Galuardi, and A. B. Flatau, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 53(11), 1–4 (2017)] provide the opportunity to develop a non-contact torque sensor. Torque-induced shear forces at the surface of a shaft lead to a measurable change in the flux passing through the air above the surface of a shaft to which a magnetostrictive layer has been bonded. The current study builds on prior work which demonstrated that torque influenced the magnitude of magnetic flux in the air gaps located between a piece of Galfenol and the rest of a magnetic circuit [Raghunath et al., Proceedings of the ASME, 2013]. The current work overcomes limitations of the prior work. This work demonstrates that using a magnetostrictive layer made of a patch of Alfenol, an alloy that is less expensive, more ductile, and less magnetostrictive than Galfenol, but has almost the same saturation magnetization of ∼1.5T, slightly outperformed the patches made of Galfenol. Additional contributions of the present work include a first look at the application to a shaft of an epoxy-based paint containing micron-sized flakes of (001)-oriented Galfenol, and a comparison of square and ring-shaped patches (aspect ratios of 1 and of ∼4). Data are presented from quasi-static testing and from dynamic tests at rotational rates of up to 1000 rpm.
Verification and mitigation of ion migration in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Lee Jin-Wook , Kim Seul-Gi , Yang June-Mo , Yang Yang , Park Nam-Gyu
Published: April 2019

Metal halide perovskite materials have shown versatile functionality for a variety of optoelectronic devices. Remarkable progress in device performance has been achieved for last few years. Their high performance in combination with low production cost puts the perovskite optoelectronics under serious consideration for possible commercialization. A fundamental question that remains unanswered is whether these materials can sustain their optoelectronic properties during harsh and prolonged operational conditions of the devices. A major concern stems from an unprecedented and unique feature of perovskite materials, which is migration of ionic species (or charged defects). Recent studies have indicated that the ion migration might be a limit factor for long-term operational stability of the devices. In this regard, herein we have reviewed important studies on discovery, quantification, and mitigation of the ion migration process in metal halide perovskite materials. A possible emerging application using the ion migration is also briefly introduced.