bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring the Level of Depression, Anxiety and Self Esteem Among Working and Non-Working Married Women of Sindh Province
Authors: Kalhoro Aqsa , Nohri Abdul Razzaque , . Sajan , Memon Muhammad Ali , Siyal Bakhat Ali
Published: May 2023

Background: Depression is one of the common disabilities which is difficult to treat, hence an interesting as well as difficult to research. However, depression can be managed. The management will still a number of challenges, like failure to cut back and reoccurrence. One who has the ability to face and fight threats and weakness, and having self-satisfaction are the signs of high self-esteem. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the level of depression, anxiety and self-esteem, among working and non-working married women of Sindh Province. This study is of great significance that it was not done before in the proposed area, where there is a crystal-clear depression and self-esteem variation in working v/s non-working women. Study design: An analytical cross-sectional study Place and Duration: Sindh Province from January to June 2022 Methodology: The research was conducted on the pre-developed questionnaire. There was a sample size of (N=67) that was collected from working and non-working women of Sindh Province Pakistan. For measuring the level of depression and anxiety, the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) scale was used for the measurement of Self-Esteem, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was used among all participants. Consent was taken from all the participants of the study. For statistical data analysis, T-tests and ANOVA were used on SPSS. Results: In this study out of 67 women 47.8% were working and 52.2% were not working. Regarding psychological well-being 27% of women had severe psychological distress, 25% had moderate psychological distress, 30% were psychologically well and 18% had mild psychological distress Conclusion: The findings showed that working women have higher self-esteem than non-working women, but that non-working women have higher levels of distress than working women. This research opens the doors for further researching the causes and way forwards for low self-esteem and high distress with different dimensions. Keywords: Depression, Anxiety, Self-esteem, Working, Non-working women, Sindh Province
TÉCNICAS PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE USABILIDADE EM APLICAÇÕES DE DISPOSITIVOS MÓVEIS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA QUALITATIVA DA LITERATURA
Authors: Salvador Lílian das Mercês , Araújo Tiago Maritan Ugulino de
Published: May 2023

Este artigo apresenta uma Revisão Sistemática Qualitativa da Literatura que investiga como estão sendo realizadas as avaliações de usabilidade em aplicações de dispositivos móveis e, se as heurísticas existentes abarcam o contexto das plataformas de streaming de vídeos. Um total de 293 artigos retornaram na Scopus, dos quais 10 artigos possibilitaram responder as nossas questões. Concluímos que as avaliações de usabilidade em aplicações de dispositivos móveis estão sendo realizadas por associação de diretrizes distintas que dão origem a um novo conjunto de heurísticas mais específico ou por avaliação heurística que acaba por resultar na elaboração de diretrizes ou orientações específicas.
Emerging COVID-19 Pandemic in Pakistan: a global health threat
Authors: Ali Nayab , Khan Amjad Hayat , Amir Muhammad , Ali Aizaz , Hussain Yaseen
Published: May 2023

More than 213 countries were affected badly with the novel corona virus disease. Of 17th April 2020, confirmed reported global cases of COVID-19 were 1995,983 and 131,037 reported global deaths. According to the studies, China and Iran has the higher incidence and mortality rate of COVID-19. As Pakistan share border with these countries and due to high frequency of trade and travel to these areas increases the risk of viral transmission to Pakistan. Using publicly available data, we reported current status of COVID-19 epidemic in Pakistan. On 26 February 2020, Pakistan reported its first 2 confirmed COVID cases that are linked to travel history of Iran. Of 17th April 2020, increase in incidence and mortality rate was reported nationwide. Entrance of pilgrims without testing at the border results in the introduction of the virus in the state. Lack of awareness and non-serious attitude of the people like avoiding social distancing and adopting hygienic measures as well as high population densities of the major cities contributed to the spread of the virus in the country.
Prevalence of Postural Neck Pain Among Under -graduate Female Students of BIHS Islamabad
Authors: Javed Anam , Khan Haseeb Muhammad , Akram Muhammad Junaid , Riaz Rabbiya , Azam Maryam , Kumar Hermindar , Butt Ishra Umar
Published: May 2023

Background: Postural neck pain is a prevalent condition characterized by neck discomfort, occurring in the absence of notable tissue damage or trauma. Individuals afflicted by this condition typically encounter an ache or pain when engaging in activities that impose prolonged stress on normal tissue. Poor posture is often the root cause of strained neck muscles, leading to the manifestation of neck pain. Moreover, it is important to recognize that neck pain can also serve as an indication of more severe underlying issues. In particular, the combination of poor posture and age-related wear and tear has been found to be associated with neck pain Objective: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of postural neck pain among undergraduate female students of BIHS Islamabad. Material & Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using demographic data, Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), Occiput to wall distance (OWD) test and Neck disability index (NDI) to determine the prevalence of postural neck pain among undergraduate female students. The study participants were the female students of BIHS, age between 18 to 30 years. Data collection tools used were numeric pain rating scale for pain variable and Neck Disability Index for assessing the restrictions in daily activities due to neck pain. Data was analyzed through Frequency Tables in SPSS version 21. Results: The present study showed the prevalence of postural Neck pain among undergraduate students of BIHS Islamabad based on analysis. This study included 115 participants within an age range of 15 to 30 years. 65 (56.52%) out of 115 participants suffered postural neck pain. The maximum of the participants was from the age group of 18 to 20 years and the most adopted posture from the participants for study purpose was sitting that was 104 (90.4%) following the lying posture 11 (9.6%). Numeric pain rating scale revealed that maximum of the participants 50 (43.5%) had moderate amount of pain following the mild pain that was 49 (42.6%). The responses from the neck disability index questionnaire showed that 73 (63.5%) participants had mild neck disability following moderate disability that was 33 (28.7). Conclusion: This study serves as a significant contribution to the existing body of knowledge, elucidating the distressing prevalence of postural neck pain and its detrimental effects on the functional capacities and overall quality of life of female undergraduate students.
Unveiling the Differential Impact of Clarithromycin and Metronidazole on the Incretin Effect of Sitagliptin
Authors: Ahmad Nisar , Bahadar Haji , Ullah Arfan , Hassan Syed Munawar
Published: May 2023

Background: Sitagliptin is a commonly used drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Studies show that diabetic patients are at high risk of suffering severe complications after amoebic infection. To treat these amoebic infections drugs like clarithromycin and metronidazole are most commonly indicated. Methods: Studies were conducted in normal male Wistar rats with oral doses of 10 mg/kg body weight of sitagliptin, 10 mg/kg body weight of clarithromycin & 5 mg/kg body weight of metronidazole, and their combination for duration of 14 days. Blood glucose level was analyzed on weekly basis with the help of a glucometer. For measuring plasma insulin the blood was collected with heart puncture and analyzed with the help of ELISA. Result: The clarithromycin and metronidazole themselves do not have any hypoglycemic.However, when clarithromycin is used together with sitagliptin, it increases the anti-diabetic effect of sitagliptin. This means that there is drug-drug interaction between clarithromycin and sitagliptin. After evaluation of liver drug-metabolizing enzyme, it was concluded that clarithromycin inhibits the CYP3A4 enzyme which is responsible for the metabolism of sitagliptin. As a result the anti-diabetic effect of sitagliptin increases. However, together use of metronidazole and sitagliptin do not have such type of drug interactions. Conclusion: From this study it was concluded that the combined use of clarithromycin and sitagliptin may need a little dose adjustment and care should be taken when the combination is prescribed to the patient. While the combination use of metronidazole with sitagliptin has no significant effect on sitagliptin therapy.
A comparative study of serum zinc levels in male hypertensive and non-hypertensive individuals in Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Yousaf Mohammad , Khan Asad , Hadi Abdul , Ahmad Raees
Published: May 2023

Background: Numerous studies have shown that serum levels of trace elements including zinc play an essential role in regulation of hypertension. Objective: The objective of current study is to evaluate the differences in serum zinc levels among hypertensive and non-hypertensive male participants from Peshawar Khyber Pakhtun Khwa in Pakistan. Method: The study comprised of 140 adult males (70 hypertensive and 70 non-hypertensive). The subject’s age, weight, heights, and medical histories were acquired with informed consent on a well-designed proforma. Fresh blood samples were taken from 140 male participants in a Gel tube. The lipid profile test assessed total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer with an acetylene flame was used for determination of serum zinc levels under normal conditions (Model Perkin Elmer AAS 700). Results: The mean serum zinc level (0.07115mg/dL) was lower in hypertensive subjects in comparison with non-hypertensive subjects (0.3428mg/dL).Conclusion: The mean serum zinc level in hypertensive subjects was lower than in non-hypertensive subjects.
One hundred years of dipyrone (metamizole): the recent evidence on its safety
Authors: Malheiro Luciano Hasimoto , Viana Andressa Santos , Nascimento Jéssica Oliveira de Souza , Apolonio Jonathan Santos , Silva Júnior Ronaldo Teixeira da , Silva Kelle Oliveira
Published: May 2023

Dipyrone is a non-opioid analgesic drug used for fever and many types of pain. Due to the risk of induced agranulocytosis, it was banned in the early 1980s in several countries, but is still widely used in Brazil, Mexico, China and others. This study is a systematic review of literature focusing on the recent evidence about dipyrone safety. To this, a literature search was performed for epidemiological studies published between 2015 and 2022, in English, German, Portuguese, and Spanish languages. From the 30 articles that met the inclusion criteria, most of them consisted in observational studies (n = 27). In children, the frequency of adverse events with dipyrone is low, but can affect the renal and circulatory systems. During pregnancy, the drug doesn't seem to be related to teratogenic abnormalities. Agranulocytosis is still a matter of debate. However, the occurrence is rare, with an estimated risk of 1:1,602. In adults, dipyrone is related to several adverse effects on renal, hepatic, respiratory and epidermal systems. Thus, dipyrone seems to have a low incidence of adverse effects, but some can be considered of high severity. Especially in children, elderly and patients who need treatment for long periods, other analgesic options should be evaluated.
Análise inferencial da resistência de telhas cerâmicas submetidas a esforços múltiplos de impacto simulando chuvas de granizo
Authors: Da Costa Teixeira Marcelo , Matoski Adalberto , José Miranda de Lima Adauto
Published: May 2023

Os telhados cerâmicos são a tipologia mais utilizada no mundo e possuem a função de proteger as construções dos efeitos atmosféricos. As chuvas de granizo foram os eventos atmosféricos adversos que mais evoluíram nos últimos 30 anos no mundo. As ocorrências mais que triplicaram nos últimos 30 anos com previsão de aumento futuro. O objetivo da pesquisa foi desenvolver um modelo matemático baseado em análise inferencial de regressão linear múltipla que descreve a resistência de telhas cerâmicas quando submetidas a esforços múltiplos de impacto em diferentes idades como chuvas de granizo. Foram obtidos 153 dados onde foram determinadas as correlações entre as idades das telhas e seus aspectos físicos (absorção, carga de ruptura à flexão e massa saturada), comparando com o procedimento experimental da norma FM 4473 (ANSI, 2011). Concluiu-se que, a idade não influencia significativamente na resistência ao impacto, e sim as características físicas das telhas de carga de ruptura à flexão, absorção e massa saturada. Os resultados demonstraram que a diminuição das características físicas de resistência a flexão, absorção e massa saturada podem provocar uma redução de 45% da resistência ao impacto das telhas.
Ferramentas educativas na promoção da saúde bucal para a terceira idade
Authors: Katsuyama Stephanie Hisami Canales , Caldeira Caroline Milani , Higasi Maura Sassahara , Silva Lírian Adriana Maria Pereira da , Uchida Nancy Sayuri , Kasai Maria Luiza Hiromi Iwakura , Lino Junior Hélion Leão , Uchida Tânia Harumi
Published: May 2023

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar ferramentas educativas que promovam saúde bucal entre os pacientes da terceira idade. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, com uma busca sistematizada nas bases de dados, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Scielo e Google Acadêmico, empregando os descritores: saúde bucal, idoso, promoção de saúde, jogos e brinquedos. Os critérios de inclusão foram: estudos qualitativos e relatos de experiências. A busca resultou em 1.108 artigos e após a verificação dos critérios de elegibilidade foram incluídos quatro artigos. Os resultados evidenciaram que as ferramentas educativas utilizadas na promoção da saúde bucal entre os idosos foram: atividades lúdico-educativas, palestras e rodas de conversas, orientação de higiene bucal e distribuição de escovas e cremes dentais. Assim, as ferramentas educativas podem capacitar e apoiar os idosos nas tomadas de decisões a fim de garantir um cuidado seguro, confiável e que promova longevidade com qualidade de vida, bem como auxiliar na manutenção da saúde geral e saúde bucal dos mesmos.
Ações de saúde bucal para terceira idade realizadas por projetos de extensão
Authors: Gonzaga Daniella Testa , Uchida Tânia Harumi , Silva Lírian Adriana Maria Pereira da , Sassahara Higasi Maura
Published: May 2023

A Extensão Universitária é a ação da Universidade junto à comunidade. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar ações em saúde bucal realizadas por projetos de extensão de Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) que assistem a população idosa no Brasil. Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura, realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde e Google Acadêmico, empregando os seguintes descritores: idoso, odontologia e relações comunidade-instituição. Foram incluídos estudos realizados por IES brasileiras, que relacionem projetos de extensão, odontologia, saúde bucal e idoso. A busca resultou em 385 artigos científicos, após a remoção das duplicatas e conferência dos critérios de inclusão, dois artigos foram incluídos. O estudo identificou na literatura que as ações em saúde bucal realizadas por projetos de extensão de IES, que assistem a população idosa no Brasil, foram ações de promoção e prevenção da saúde geral e bucal. Assim, a relação universidade e comunidade é uma estratégia assertiva para a redução das desigualdades sociais e do acesso à saúde, sendo indispensáveis para o aumento da qualidade de vida e melhoria na saúde bucal dos idosos.
Acidentes por agressões de cães no Brasil
Authors: Fernandes Roberta Ribeiro , Nascimento Bruna Menegate , Assis Maisa Martins Quirilos , Zaniolo Melissa Marchi , Marangon Willian Fontini , Otutumi Luciana Kazue , Gonçalves Daniela Dib , Quessada Ana Maria
Published: May 2023

Na convivência entre animais de estimação e humanos, os acidentes por mordedura são frequentes e o cão é o animal doméstico que mais se envolve neste tipo de agressão, normalmente por invasão de território, proteção de filhotes, medo, posse de objetos ou alimentos e durante brincadeiras. Ainda que as agressões por animais façam parte de um número elevado de atendimentos emergenciais, a procura das vítimas por atendimento médico ainda é baixa e, desta forma, há carência de dados epidemiológicos sobre os ataques de cães a seres humanos no Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em realizar uma revisão, retrospectiva e descritiva da literatura disponível nas bases de dados Lilacs, Scielo, BVS-Vet, em língua portuguesa e inglesa, considerando as publicações de 2010 a 2020, sobre este tema. A coleta dos dados privilegiou o número de ataques a humanos, predominância do sexo e faixa etária das vítimas, considerando as cinco regiões do Brasil. A falta de padronização dos dados entre as publicações destacou-se como um fator de dificuldade para análise. Porém, constatou-se a predominância dos cães, a faixa etária variou entre crianças, adolescentes e adultos e o maior número de publicações sobre este tema foi atribuído à região Sudeste.
Interdisciplinarity and the essential concepts for identifying domestic and family violence in the Maria da Penha Law
Authors: Nascimento Stella Noeme Bueno Pedroso do , Silva Adilson Cunha , Bolwerk Aloísio Alencar
Published: May 2023

Foundational concepts such as domestic and familial violence, require interdisciplinary instruments for the understanding and application of their meanings beyond those exclusively derived from the legal field. Considering this, through a qualitative approach and reflexive-exploratory analysis, the present article aims to identify the primary constitutive elements of Article 5 of the Maria da Penha Law, to reveal how interdisciplinarity is essential for the understanding of legal norms and the goods that the reference law aims to protect. To achieve this, situations were presented in which the concepts, treated interdisciplinary, must be applied, and in the end, brief considerations were presented on the importance of interdisciplinarity for the solution of problems that involve gender violence in the domestic and familial sphere.
Association between nutritional status and blood level of carcinoembryonic antigen
Authors: Costa Isabela , Prado Alexandre , Oliveira Kleber , Rezende Aline , Pozenato Cintia , Detregiachi Cláudia , Ubeda Lara , Marconato Mara , Moscatel Matheus , Novais Paulo
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the existence of the correlation between nutritional status and serological level of the biomarker carcinoembryonic antigen (BCA). The study sample was taken by employees of the Marilia University - UNIMAR, excluding those diagnosed with current or previous cancer and women in gestational period. Anthropometric measurements of weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were collected to assess nutritional status and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. Blood samples were collected to quantify the BCA. A total of 51 individuals participated in the study, 55% female and aged 36.05±12.09 years. Of these, 35% and 37% had a nutritional diagnosis of eutrophy and overweight, according to BMI, respectively. The mean BCA was 1.57±0.77 ng/mL, with 50 (98%) of them with this level within the normal range. The BCA level was correlated with BMI and WC measurement using Spearman's correlation test. In both analyses, the correlation was classified as weak positive, having been significant only in relation to BMI. These data indicate the prevalence of normality of the biomarker studied and, in this sample, without a strong correlation with nutritional status.
Analysis of musical intervention during childbirth: perception of parturient/puerperal women
Authors: Carvalho Lílian , Lemos Brena , Carvalho Débora , Santana Ester , Lemos Karine
Published: May 2023

Objective: To verify the effect of musical intervention on pain relief, anxiety reduction, and the promotion of relaxation during humanized childbirth. Methods: An observational analytical cross-sectional study with a quantitative-qualitative approach was performed. Results: 16 participants were included, averaging 25.75 years of age, 2.44 pregnancies, 2 previous deliveries and 7.27 prenatal consultations. Among the 16 parturients, 14 described the use of musical intervention during labor, delivery, and postpartum period as beneficial, while 2 described the use of this method during labor and delivery as indifferent. Conclusion: The degree of information received during pregnancy regarding music as a non-pharmacological method for pain relief is a factor strongly related to the degree of satisfaction of the parturient regarding the use of this intervention during her labor and delivery.
Effect of two desensitizing agents on post-operative hypersensitivity of composite resin restorations
Authors: El-Ghany Ahmed Ata Abd , Elsayed Hosam Muhammed , Goda Ahmed Ali , Abogabal Ahmed Dahy , Sadek Galal Eldeen Mosaad , Dewedar Karim Sherif Adly
Published: May 2023

Post-operative hypersensitivity still occurs although the improvements in adhesive systems and their techniques, so the current study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of two desensitizing systems. Materials and methods:  A total No. of 48 patients were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=16); Gluma group, SAD group, and control group. Class I cavity preparation and self-etch bonding technique was used by Universal bonding system in the control group, before that desensitizing agent was applied in the two desensitizing tested groups, light cured and composite placement incrementally (Tetric N-ceram) and light cured, finishing, and polishing of composite restorations, then VAS system was used to record post-operative hypersensitivity by patients, and after 1 day,1 week and 1 month the data collected and statistically analyzed. Results: Total number of patients who suffered from post-operative hypersensitivity was 15 patients (31.25 %) after one day of treatment, the total number decreased to 9 patients (18.75 %) after one week postoperatively, and after one month the total number decreased again to 4 patients (8.33 %). In all the tested groups 1 day gave a significant difference than one week ( P= 0.011*),,,
A new spider species of the genus Proshermacha (Mygalomorphae: Anamidae) from the Coolgardie and Murchison bioregions of Western Australia, collected on a Bush Blitz expedition
Authors:   Queensland Museum Collections and Research Centre, Wilson Jeremy D. , Rix Michael G. ,   Queensland Museum Collections and Research Centre, Harvey Mark S. ,   University of Western Australia
Published: May 2023

The open-holed trapdoor spider genus Proshermacha Simon, 1908 (Anamidae) currently contains ten species. The genus is known to occur from south-western Western Australia, through southern South Australia and into western Victoria. Here, we describe the first species from semi-arid Western Australia, from Credo Station Reserve and surroundings. Several specimens of this species, including the holotype, were collected on a Bush Blitz expedition to Credo Station Reserve, in 2011.
Clonal propagation of Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr. - A critically endangered medicinal plant of Western Ghats
Authors: Jose P. , Pandurangan A. , Hussain Abdul
Published: May 2023

Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr., a critically endangered medicinal plant of Western Ghats, is a potential substitute for Berberis chitria because of its berberine content. The destructive harvest of the plant for both stem and root has resulted the paucity of reproductive individuals in their distributional range and subsequent arrest of natural regeneration. The present study is therefore conducted to raise clonal genetic stock of the species by inducing rooting in different aged stem cuttings and through air layering using auxins such as IAA, IBA and NAA with concentrations ranging from 250-2000 ppm. The juvenile plants of 2-3 year old has resulted a maximum stem rooting of 60% and air layering success to 90% by the use of NAA at 1000 ppm. The clonal propagation methods standardized in C. fenestratum is a first report of its kind and could be an ideal propagation technique for the mass multiplication that will lead to conservation and sustainable utilization of this rare species.
The Effect of Compensation on Employee Performance is mediated by Job Satisfaction
Authors: Pudjiarti Emiliana Sri , Herman Murdiansyah , Mahesa Deewar
Published: May 2023

The goal of this study is to see if there is an effect of compensation on job satisfaction that is mediated by job satisfaction. The subject of study at PT FMG Semarang. The study was carried out using quantitative methods and the SEM Smart PLS software as an analysis tool. The total number of samples obtained by using a random sampling technique and the Slovin formula was 99. The data was collected by filling out online surveys with Google Forms. The R-square test, Bootstrapping, Path Coefficient, and Specific indirect effects are the data analysis methods used. According to the findings of this study, compensation has an effect on employee performance, compensation has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, job satisfaction affects employee performance, and job satisfaction is capable of improving employee performance.
Hijrah Intention and Customer Decisions to Use Islamic Banks: Development of Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Al Umar Ahmad Ulil Albab , Setyono Joko
Published: May 2023

This study aims to analyze the determinants of hijrah intention and customers' decisions to use Islamic banks. This study carries out the development of a theory of planned behavior which consists of attitude factors, subjective norms and behavior control. The development that is done is to modify the intention in the theory of planned behavior to become hijrah intention. Another development is adding the factor of Islamic branding to analyze its effect on hijrah intention and customer decisions. The next development is to link the influence of hijrah intention on customer decisions. Other developments also add a moderating construct, namely Islamic financial literacy with the aim of Islamic financial literacy can be a determinant of strengthening or weakening the variable of hijrah intention towards customer decisions. This study is a study with a quantitative approach. The population in this study are all customers of Islamic banks in Indonesia. The sample of this research is 275 respondents from 34 provinces in Indonesia. Data analysis used SEM with the SmartPLS 3 application. The results in this study indicate that the theory of planned behavior which consists of attitude variables, subjective norms and behavioral control and Islamic branding variables has a significant positive effect on hijrah intention. Islamic branding also has a significant influence on customer decisions. Hijrah intention has no significant effect on customer decisions. Islamic financial literacy weakens the effect of hijrah intention on customer decisions.
Effect of Street Trade among School-Going Girls in Kenema City, Sierra Leone
Authors: Edward Hingha Foday Jr , Vandi M Bockarie , Lucy Boi Bompay , Emmanuel B. Koroma
Published: May 2023

The prevalence of street trading both at the national and international level has become a global concern and thus undermined economic development. School-going girls in Sierra Leone are the most vulnerable and their involvement in street trading cannot be over-emphasized. Street trading is the selling of goods or food items along the road, footway, or area without legal authority and it is normally associated with parents sending children of school age to trade as a way of boosting family income. This study investigates the effects of street trading on girls-child education in Kenema City. Similarly, challenges associated with street trading, its impact on girls-child education, and possible recommendations for curbing street trading were pinpointed. Sixty (60) respondents were interviewed in all, 50 school-going girls within the age bracket of 5-18 years and 10 parents (26 years and above). The findings of the study will be useful to the Government of Sierra Leone, Non-governmental organizations, policy-making institutions, and the general public. This study will also provide an insight on the causes of the street trade by school-going girls and suggest recommendations to curb this activity in Kenema city, Sierra Leone.
EVALUATION OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY RESULTS OF PATIENTS DIAGNOSED URINARY CALCULI IN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
Authors: atila abdullah , SARIHAN Mehmet , al zeynep , r Hasan
Published: May 2023

Aim: In this study, we examined the factors affecting the rate of urine culture positivity and the rate of urine culture positivity in patients who were found to have kidney stones in the emergency department and were followed up by the Urology outpatient clinic. We evaluated the examinations and treatments of these patients with the results of the urology outpatient clinic until the urine culture results were obtained. We think that our study will provide useful information to emergency service workers in the evaluation of patients with urinary system stones.
Material and method: In this study, patients who applied to Emergency Medicine Department of İnönü University Faculty of Medicine between January 1st, 2016 and November 1st, 2022, who were diagnosed with urinary calculi by imaging and who were followed up in the Urology outpatient clinic, were retrospectively analyzed. The age and gender of the patients, as laboratory tests, complete blood count, urinalysis, serology and urine culture results were examined. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed with all the parameters obtained from our study and the analysis was statistically significant according to the Hosmer and Lemeshow test.
Results: In our study, there were a total of 349 patients, 99 (28.37%) female and 250 (71.63%) male, and a pathogenic microorganism growth was observed in the urine culture of 40 (11.7%) of the patients. The first two microorganisms most frequently encountered in urine culture were Escherichia Coli (24/40) and Klebsiella spp. (5/40). In the logistic regression model, nitrite positivity increased 48.8%, urinary white blood cells increased 0.2%, bacteria presence in urine 3.06%, and increased patient age increased the probability of culture positivity by 2.6%. Each 1 unit increase in hemoglobin value decreased the probability of positive urine culture by 27.8%.
Conclusion: The leukocyte count, bacteria presence, nitrite positivity, low blood hemoglobin and advancing advanced age in the complete expulsion examination of a patient with urinary system stone are the prediction of a positive ejection result. These data should be considered in the decision to take the culture of dissemination at the time of death of patients with urinary tract stones or the management of care during the time until they reach the respiratory tract.
Evaluation of nutritional counseling service provided within primary health care at a district level
Authors: Sezerol Mehmet , Alta Zeynep
Published: May 2023

Objective: It was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of nutritional counseling services provided in the diabetes and obesity unit of primary health care services for the control of obesity.
Materials and Methods: This study is a retrospectively descriptive research. People applied to the diabetes and obesity unit of a District Health Directorate in Istanbul between 01.01.2017-01.04.2022 constitute the population. Analysis about the first application (height, weight, sociodemographics) was made with 3259 people; weight loss was evaluated within 1282 people. Mean, standard deviation, median, minimum, maximum values, numbers (n) and percentages (%) were used for descriptive data. The Mann Whitney U was used if the data not normally distributed. Chi-square test was used for categorical variables. Multivariate analysis is made with Cox-regression analysis. Statistical significance level was p<0.05.
Results: 2973 (91.2%) of the participants were women. The median age was 38.0 (15.0-83.0). Height, weight and BMI median values were 158.0 cm (116.0-190.0), 83.6 kg (56.0-160.2), 33.0 kg/m2 (25.0-64.7), respectively. Weight and BMI loss was observed in 90.8% of the patients. The median weight and BMI loss loss were 2.7 kg (-21.40-56.10) and 1.1 kg/m2 (-8.79-22.69). According to univariate analysis, weight loss percentage of 5% and above was significantly higher in those with low educational status, but this significance was not observed in multivariate analysis.
Conclusion: Weight loss was achieved 90.8% of the participants. While it is encouraging to benefit from nutritional counseling at a high percentage; it is important to understand the barriers to weight loss for participants who cannot benefit.
Evaluation of upper extremity movements in patients with breast conserving treatment with the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) questionnaire
Authors: cel Serap , oglu H , ral Zeynep , n Z , lu Sedenay , Bilsel smail , lu Mahmut , lam Esra
Published: May 2023

Objective: Surgery and radiotherapy (RT) are local treatment methods that constitute organ-preserving treatment in breast cancer. Limitations of arm movenents and lymphedema are known side effects that may adversely affect quality of life. With the disability of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) questionnaire, the extent of the limitation and complaints by answering the questions evaluating the weakness in arm movements were used to understand the patients condition. DASH basically consists of a 30-item scale and is scored from 0 to 100. The DASH questionnaire was applied to patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery to evaluate their upper extremity functions.
Materials and Methods: 18 patients with breast cancer who underwent breast conserving surgery (BCS) and RT treatments were evaluated with at least 6 months follow-up. The DASH questionnaire was applied to the patients who are included. The test consists of two parts and the first part used on function evaluation and symptoms includes 30 questions.
Results: The median age of the patients was 45 (range: 31-67). Sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND) with BCS is the surgical method performed in all patients, but axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was added to 13 patients with sentinel node positivity during surgery. All patients received RT. The DASH questionnaire was performed at a median postoperative 14 month (range: 6-25 months). As a result of DASH, the mean scores of the patients were found to be 23.2 (range: 1.7-59.2). Distant metastasis was detected in one of the patients, and no recurrence or metastasis was found in the other patients.
Conclusion: DASH questionnaire study was concluded as limited arm movements at the patients despite the advanced surgical and RT techniques. In terms of quality of life, recommandations are important and patients could be informed about arm movements starting from the preoperative period.
Fetal Hemoglobin Altering Effects of KLF1, BCL11A rs11886868 and XmnI-HBG2 on Transfusion Dependent Beta Thalassemia Patients: Preeliminary Study
Authors: ARIKAN Yunus , YOLCULAR Basak , LU Erdal , KESER Ibrahim
Published: May 2023

Aim: High fetal hemoglobin value is one of the quantitative trait in beta thalassemia and may effect transfusion dependency status of beta thalassemic cases. There are population-based differences about known genetic modifiers of different fetal hemoglobin values. We aimed to find if high fetal hemoglobin value are caused by XmnI-HBG2 polymorphism, rs11886868 of BCL11A or KLF1 whole gene mutations.

Material and Methods: Genotyping procedure of thirty well re-defined and characterized transfusion dependent beta thalassemia patients was conducted via either sanger sequencing or and PCR-RFLP. Statistic analysis of groups and multiple logistic regression analysis of related genotypes were performed.

Results: We found strong correlations between transfusion dependency and fetal hemoglobin levels (P<0.05). IVS.I.110 (G>A) homozygous mutation was found to be predominant in HBB gene. Lower fetal hemoglobin levels were seen in IVS.I.110 (G>A) homozygous group (P<0.05). Total count of variations among the three modifier genes BCL11A polymorphism was leading first. We did not observe any statistically significant relationship in patients with beta thalassemia major patients who have high fetal hemoglobin values between three modifiers group (P>0.05).

Conclusion: This is the first research report from Turkey in terms of 3 different modifiers were analysed and evaluated. Since some cases have more than one variations in these three modifiers, involving higher sample size may overcome this challenge. Other genomic alterations rather than XmnI-HBG2, variations of BCL11A rs11886868 and mutation profile of KLF1 gene, which could decrease or abolish the effect of gamma globin repressors, may have more direct role with high fetal hemoglobin levels in patients with transfusion dependent beta thalassemia in Turkey.
Is our recommendation for smoking cessation considered in patients with Graves Disease and Graves Orbitopathy?
Authors: Coskun Meric , Bekta Yasemin , lu Nial , Yalcin Mehmet , Tarlan Ber , Konuk Onur , Toruner Fusun , Ayvaz Goksun
Published: May 2023

Objective: Smoking increases the risk of Graves orbitopathy (GO) in patients with Graves disease (GD). Therefore, smoking cessation should be recommended to all patients with GD. This study aimed to investigate whether smoking cessation recommendations were taken into account in patients with GD and whether there was a difference in terms of smoking cessation between those with and without GO.
Methods: Smoking status of the cases followed up with GD, who were active smokers when diagnosed, were questioned by telephone visit. The relationship of these data with the presence of GO was evaluated.
Results: 74 smokers with GD were included in the study. All patients were advised to quit smoking by their physicians. While the number of cigarettes was 20 (10-22)/day at the first visit, the current cigarette use was 7 (0-15)/day, (p<0.001). Forty-nine (66.2%) of the patients had GO. It was found that 49% of patients with GO and 36% of those without GO quit smoking (p=0.28). The decrease in number of cigarettes/day after physician’s recommendation was significantly higher in patients with GO than patients without GO (-95.4% vs. -54.5%), (p=0.02).
Conclusion: Although the importance of smoke cessation was emphasized in all patients with GD, we observed that smoking cessation advice was more followed in the GO group in our study. Explaining in detail that smoking in GD may worsen the course of the disease and impair the quality of life in the possible development of GO, may lead patients to consider smoking cessation recommendations more.
Effects of different surface conditioning protocols on shear strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to CAD/CAM materials
Authors: BASER Hande , OZEL Mehmet , BASER Baris
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different surface conditioning method combinations on the shear strength of orthodontic brackets bonded various temporary crown materials used in computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing systems.

100 polymethyl methacrylate, 100 bis-acrylic composite and 100 polyetherketoneketone surfaces were prepared from provisional temporary crown blocks. Five different conditioning protocols (etching with 9.6 % hydrofluoric acid, sandblasting with 50 μm Al2O3 particles, roughening with ultrafine diamond bur, Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiating and priming with methylmethacrylate monomer were applied to the surfaces for each material group. Shear test was performed to half of the bonded samples after 24 hours while the other half 14 days later. The share strengths of the bonded brackets were measured in Newton and Megapascals.
In all material groups, the highest share strength values were found in samples sandblasted with Al2O3 particles. For bis-acrylic composite and polymethyl methacrylate groups, the lowest bond strength value were found in samples irradiated with Er,Cr:YSGG laser.
The shear bond strengths of the orthodontic brackets bonded to the temporary crown materials produced in CAD/CAM systems vary according to the structure of the material and surface conditioning processes.
CLINICOEPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTION FOLLOWING EMERGENCY LAPAROTOMY IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE
Authors: Singh Rajeev , Shakya Prateek , Sharma Pranav , Kala Sriranjan
Published: May 2023

Abstract.
Background and aim:Surgical site infections (SSIs) are defined as infections occurring up to 30 days after surgery (or up to one year after surgery in patients receiving implants) and affecting either the incision or deep tissue at the operation site.Multiple risk factors for SSI have been identified can be compiled within three major determinants of SSI: bacterial factors, local wound factors, and patient factors.
This study aims to determine the incidence, associated risk factors and type of pathogen causing surgical site infection following Emergency Laparotomy in aTertiary Care Centre.
Methods: This study was done on 250 patients undergoing emergency laparotomy in Department of Surgery at Dr.Susheela Tiwari Hospital from January 2021 to September 2022.
A questionnaire was used to obtain biodata, comorbidities, operative procedure and operative duration, wound classification, ASA score and perioperative transfusion. A personal history was collected, including information on diet, alcoholism, and smoking, and any prior abdominal surgery. Culture and sensitivity testing was done on infected wounds.
Results: SSI was clinically diagnosed in 141 patients giving an incidence rate of 56.4%. 100 (70.9%) were superficial SSI while 41 (29.1%) were deep SSI. Identifiable Risk factors beingclean-contaminated and dirty wound, male sex, increased age, smoking, diabetes mellitus, anemia, and duration of surgery > 2hrs. Most common organism isolated was Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci.
Conclusions:Our goal should be to lower the rate of SSI, and in order to do this, effective actions should be taken to monitor wound infection properly, identify its causesand study them routinely.
A Thorough Analysis of The Effects and Complications of Two Different Suturing Techniques in Hypospadias Repair Using Tubularized-Incised Plate Urethroplasty: a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Subihardi Lalu , Yatindra Ida , Rahman llham , Setiawan Muhammad , Andhika Dimas , Soebad Mohammad
Published: May 2023

Background: Hypospadias is a male congenital anomaly that requires urethroplasty via the tubularized-incised plate (TIP) technique. This technique is simple, and the results are promising, although it has few postoperative complications, including the associated suture technique. Objective: Comparing the continuous and interrupted suturing techniques on the TIP procedure for hypospadias repair. Methods: This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The authors thoroughly searched electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. The compared endpoints were the total complication, wound infection, meatal stenosis, glans dehiscence, and urethral stricture presented as risk ratio (RR), with average operating time as mean difference (MD), in 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All statistical analyses were performed using Revman 5.4. Results: Ten eligible studies were included, totalling 1,894 patients. Pooled RR showed no significant difference in overall complication, surgical site infection, meatal stenosis, glans dehiscence, and urethral stricture between continuous and interrupted sutures. In subgroup analysis, the interrupted suture had fewer complications when using polyglactin material (RR: 1.51, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.14; p = 0.02). The continuous suture showed lesser operative time than the interrupted suture (MD: -6 .67, 95% CI -12.52 to -0.82; p = 0.03). Discussion and Conclusion: No significant complication difference existed between continuous and interrupted suturing techniques. Fewer complications were obtained when using interrupted sutures with polyglactin material. However, continuous suture required less operative time.
Comparison of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Insult Incidence Post Thyroidectomy for Benign and Malignant Lesions
Authors: Haddadin Sahel , Mahasna Ahmad , Abumekhleb Ibrahim , Almaaitah Fares , Alhyari Feras , Alsaidat Yasmin , Alkhataleen Abdelrazzaq , Albaddawi Yazan , Alshehabat Laith , Makhamreh Omar
Published: May 2023

Background: Vocal cord paresis or paralysis caused by insult to the recurrent laryngeal nerve is one of the main hazards in thyroid surgery. The frequency of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy varies between 1.5–20%. Hoarseness is found with unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve insult (RLNI). Bilateral insult produces dyspnea and life-threatening glottal obstruction. The frequency of insult is more in re-do surgeries, Graves’ disease, and thyroid carcinoma operations. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors of RLNI in thyroid surgery for benign or malignant lesions. Methods: This retrospective investigation recruited 255 participants of both genders, aged 21–59 yrs. (average 39 yrs.), who were scheduled for thyroid surgery at King Hussein Hospital, King Hussein Medical City, Amman, Jordan, from October 2019 to October 2022. An indirect laryngoscopic examination was done for all participants pre and post surgery. Factors of RLNI such as benign or malignant lesions and type of surgery were investigated. Significance was tested with the chi-square test. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: RLNI was recorded in 25/255 patients (9.8%) following thyroidectomy. Temporary unilateral vocal cord insult was recorded in 17/255 (6.7%) participants out of which it became permanent for 3/255 (1.2%) participants. Bilateral vocal cord insult was recorded in 8/255 (3.1%) participants but did not become permanent for any of them (P < 0.05). A remarkable increase in the frequency of RLNI was found in total/near-total thyroidectomy patients (7/27, 25.9%) compared to patients with bilateral or unilateral subtotal thyroidectomy(18/228, 7.9%; P < 0.05), in malignant lesions (18/105, 17.1%) compared to in benign lesions(7/150, 4.7%; P < 0.05), and in men (9/74, 12.2%) compared to in women(16/181, 8.8%; P < 0.05). Conclusion: Thyroid carcinoma, total thyroidectomy, and male sex were correlated with a remarkable risk of surgical RLNI.