bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NONLINEAR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HOUSING SUPPLY AND HOUSE PRICE IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Yeap Geok Peng , Lean Hooi Hooi
Published: July 2020

The novelty of this paper is to ascertain a nonlinear relationship between housing supply and house price. This study is conducted based on panel
dataset of four different types of houses in Malaysia from 2002Q3 through 2016Q4. Although housing supply has been theoretically assumed to be positively and linearly
related to house price, we observed that the number of new houses build in Malaysia has declined despite the increasing house prices. Hence, we posit that housing supply
and house price are nonlinearly related. The results from pooled mean group estimation show the existence of inverted U-shaped housing supply curve. The threshold level of
house price index is found at 186.92 where the effect of house price on housing starts will become negative after this point. We also find that the marginal effects of
house price evaluated at the minimum and maximum levels are positive and negative, respectively, and statistically significant. This paper suggests that the squared term
of house price should be included in estimating housing supply in Malaysia. The evidence of inverted U-shaped housing supply curve in Malaysia shows that housing authorities
have taken steps to overcome the challenges of oversupply by reducing the approvals for housing development projects.
WIYN Open Cluster Study. LXXXI. Caught in the Act? The Peculiar Red Giant NGC 2243-W2135
Authors: Anthony-Twarog Barbara J. , Deliyannis Constantine P. , Twarog Bruce A.
Published: July 2020

High-dispersion spectra for giants through turnoff stars in the Li 6708 Å region have been obtained and analyzed in the old, metal-deficient open cluster, NGC 2243. When combined with high-dispersion data from other surveys, the cluster is found to contain a uniquely peculiar star at the luminosity level of the red clump. The giant is the reddest star at its luminosity, exhibits variability at a minimum 0.1 mag level on a timescale of days, is a single-lined, radial-velocity variable, and has

between 35 and 40 km s−1. In sharp contrast with the majority of the red giant cluster members, the star has a detectable Li abundance, potentially as high or higher than other giants observed to date while at or just below the boundary normally adopted for Li-rich giants. The observed anomalies may be indicators of the underlying process by which the giant has achieved its unusual Li abundance, with a recent mass transfer episode being the most probable within the currently limited constraints.
Circumnuclear Molecular Gas in Low-redshift Quasars and Matched Star-forming Galaxies
Authors: Izumi Takuma , Silverman John D. , Jahnke Knud , Schulze Andreas , Cen Renyue , Schramm Malte , Nagao Tohru , Wisotzki Lutz , Rujopakarn Wiphu
Published: July 2020

A series of gravitational instabilities in a circumnuclear gas disk (CND) are required to trigger gas transport to a central supermassive black hole and ignite active galactic nuclei (AGNs). A test of this scenario is to investigate whether an enhanced molecular gas mass surface density (Σmol) is found in the CND-scale of quasars relative to a comparison sample of inactive galaxies. Here we performed subkiloparsec resolution CO(2–1) observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) of four low-redshift (z ∼ 0.06), luminous (∼1045 erg s−1) quasars with each matched to a different star-forming galaxy, having similar redshift, stellar mass, and star formation rate. We detected CO(2–1) emission from all quasars, which show diverse morphologies. Contrary to expectations, Σmol of the quasar sample, computed from the CO(2–1) luminosity, tends to be smaller than the comparison sample at r < 500 pc; there is no systematic enhancement of Σmol in our quasars. We discuss four possible scenarios that would explain the lower molecular gas content (or CO(2–1) luminosity as an actual observable) at the CND-scale of quasars, i.e., AGN-driven outflows, gas-rich minor mergers, time-delay between the onsets of a starburst-phase and a quasar-phase, and X-ray-dominated region (XDR) effects on the gas chemical abundance and excitation. While not extensively discussed in the literature, XDR effects can have an impact on molecular mass measurements particularly in the vicinity of luminous quasar nuclei; therefore higher resolution molecular gas observations, which are now viable using ALMA, need to be considered.
Would SN1993J Have Been Detected by Next-generation Cerenkov Instruments?
Authors: Cristofari P. , Renaud M. , Marcowith A. , Dwarkadas V. V. , Tatischeff V. , Giacinti G.
Published: July 2020

Already in the first days after the explosion of a supernova, the strong shock expanding forward into the dense wind of the progenitor star can theoretically accelerate particles up to the ∼PeV (=1015 eV) range. These accelerated particles, interacting with the dense wind material, should lead to the production of gamma-rays in the 1–100 TeV range, through pion production. However, no supernova has yet been detected by current Cerenkov instruments, and the question of the detectability of extragalactic supernovae in nearby galaxies (within a few Mpc) by next generation instruments is still open. The detection in the TeV range is especially hindered by the two-photon annihilation process, in which high-energy gamma-rays interact with soft photons from the photosphere to produce electron/positron pairs, thereby degrading the gamma-ray signal from the system. We calculate the temporal evolution of the expected gamma-ray attenuation in the well-studied type IIb SN 1993J, accounting for both temporal and geometrical effects.
Mismatch Repair Proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) Immunohistochemical Expression and Microsatellite Instability in Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Ismael Nour El Hoda S. , Naguib Hala M. , Talaat Suzan Mohamed , Bakry Rasha F.
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the fourth most common female cancer worldwide constituting 7% of cancer in women. It is a disease of older, postmenopausal women. The most of these patients have an identifiable source of excess estrogen, while in a small subset the pathogenesis is related to mismatch repair abnormality and lynch syndrome (LC). Mismatch repair behave as tumor suppressors and the most clinically relevant include MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2. mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) results in a strong mutator phenotype known as microsatellite instability, which is a hallmark of LC-associated cancers.
AIM: The aim of the study was to study microsatellite instability in endometrial cancer using the immunohistochemical expression of mismatch repair proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty EC cases were studied using MLH-1, MSH-2, MSH-6, and PMS-2 immunohistochemistry and their expression was correlated with different clinicopathologic parameters.
RESULTS: A statistically significant relationship exists between MMR immunohistochemistry (IHC) proteins and tumor grade. Intact MMR proteins profile was associated with the lower tumor grade (31.3% were Grade 1 and 46.9% were Grade 2). Combined loss of MLH1/PMS2, combined loss of MSH2/MSH6, and isolated loss of PMS2 were also associated with the lower tumor grade while isolated loss of MSH6 was associated with the high tumor grade. However, no statistically significant correlation was found between MMR IHC proteins expression and the age of patients; tumor histopathological types, or FIGO stage.
CONCLUSION: A statistically significant correlation between the tumor grade of EC cases and the MMR IHC proteins was found. Further studies are recommended to assess correlation between MMR proteins defect and different clinicopathological parameters of endometrial carcinoma.
Ceriantharia (Cnidaria) of the World: an annotated catalogue and key to species
Authors: Stampar Sérgio N. , Reimer James D. , Maronna Maximiliano M. , Lopes Celine S. S. , Ceriello Hellen , Santos Thais B. , Acuña Fabián H. , Morandini André C.
Published: July 2020

The diversity of Ceriantharia is known from studies formally describing species from the late 18th Century onwards. However, no nomenclators including a list and discussion of all valid species have been produced since a list discussed by Carlgren in 1912. The present nomenclator presents a complete list of adult species of Ceriantharia of the World, including a discussion on each species. It includes the three families (Arachnactidae, Botrucnidiferidae, Cerianthidae) and the currently accepted 54 species based on their adult form. This study serves as a presentation of the “state-of-the-art” list of species of Ceriantharia, and includes a species identification key to support taxonomic identification. Additional in-depth species-by-species investigations for almost all cerianthid species is still needed, as the information available for most of these species is quite superficial.
Two new genera and eight new species of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae) from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China
Authors: Lin Yejie , Li Shuqiang
Published: July 2020

Two new genera and eight new species of jumping spiders from Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG) are diagnosed, described, and illustrated. The new genera are Dendroiciusgen. nov. (type species D. hotaruaesp. nov. (♂♀)) and Megaeupoagen. nov. (type species M. yanfengisp. nov. (♂♀)). The new species are Colyttus yiwuisp. nov. (♂♀), Euophrys xuyeisp. nov. (♂♀), Foliabitus weihangisp. nov. (♂♀), Nigorella menglasp. nov. (♂♀), Onomastus chenaesp. nov. (♂♀), and Synagelides platnickisp. nov. (♂♀). A new combination is proposed: Megaeupoa gravelyi (Caleb, 2018), comb. nov., ex Brettus Thorell, 1895. Two new synonyms have been proposed: Irura prima (Żabka, 1985), syn. nov. with Irura mandarina Simon, 1903; Evarcha digitata Peng & Li, 2002, syn. nov. with Ptocasius montiformis Song, 1991.
The Corporatisation of Education: Bureaucracy, boredom, and Transformative Possibilities
Authors: Churcher Millicent , Talbot Debra
Published: July 2020

In school and tertiary education sectors, the rise of accountability regimes parallels the growth in bureaucracy and marketisation of knowledge work. Increasing student numbers have not been matched by an increase in teaching staff, whilst new administrative positions in accounting,
marketing, and legal services have ballooned. In this paper we are concerned to examine the impact of these institutional changes on the lived experiences of education professionals. In this context we are particularly interested in the potential rise of boredom among staff, and how boredom
may work alongside other affects to generate both compliance and resistance to hyper-bureaucratic trends. Empirical studies on the intensification of 'administrivia' and 'busy work' in educational settings reveal among staff a perceived loss of intellectual integrity, longer work hours and
impaired productivity, as well as diminished opportunities for interpersonal engagement. The collective feelings of anger, resentment, anxiety, and frustration that have accompanied these conditions have real potential to bottom out in feelings of disengagement and boredom among educators.
Noting boredom's role in sustaining hyper-bureaucratic structures within the education sector, we critically examine whether and to what extent it might also form part of shifting affective dynamics that can drive resistance to the proliferation of these structures.
The Expansion of Prevent: On The Politics of Legibility, Opacity And Decolonial Critique
Authors: Cruickshank Justin
Published: July 2020

It is argued here that the liberal state has authoritarian aspects that are irreducible to the authoritarian aspects of neoliberalism. The argument draws on James Scott's work on modern state ruling through bureaucratic 'legibility', and the decolonial work of S. Sayyid on how a form
of political Islam he calls 'Islamism' challenges the west's construction of modernity as an intrinsically western project. The state's need for legibility undermines democracy by seeking to shape political debate and political activity to fit its bureaucratic channels for engagement, and
Islamophobia caused by the UK state's reaction to Islamism, shapes how the UK state seeks control via legibility. Prevent expanded in 2011 from focusing on 'violent extremism' to 'extremism', with extremism defined in terms of normative commitments the state takes to be in tension with its
conception of 'British values'. The state defined the Muslim population as opaque because they were taken to not be socially integrated. This was used to justify a repressive ubiquitous surveillance based on what is termed here a 'legibility of symptoms'. This was presented, after 2015, as
paternalistic 'safeguarding', when workers in public sector bureaucracies became legally obligated to carry out Prevent surveillance. Left-wing and environmental organisations engaged in extra-parliamentary protest are now as defined as potentially extremist. With the expansion of Prevent
in 2011, the state created a 'pre-crime' space in civil society that is taken to justify repressive surveillance, presented as paternalistic safeguarding to save individuals 'at risk' of 'radicalisation' from going on to commit criminal acts.
The Bureaucratic Vocation: State/Office/Ethics
Authors: Gay Paul du
Published: July 2020

This paper seeks to indicate how and why public bureaucracy has been and remains a cornerstone of the modern state and of representative democratic governmental regimes. It does so by highlighting both the constitutive role bureaucratic practices and ethics play in securing civil peace
and security, and individual and collective rights and freedoms, for example, and how attempts to transcend, negate, or otherwise 'disappear' bureaucracy can have profound political consequences. The paper begins with a brief exploration of some of the tropes of 'bureau-critique' and their
historical and contemporary association with key elements of anti-statist thought. It then proceeds, in section two, to chart how attempts to detach an understanding of bureaucracy from its imbrication in critical polemic and political partisanship can be best pursued by revisiting the work
of Max Weber. Weber's great achievement, it will be argued, was to provide a definitive analysis of both the 'technical' and ethico-cultural attributes of public bureaucracy without falling into pejorative critique. In so doing, Weber's work provides a useful resource for exploring the limits
and pitfalls of 'bureau-critique' historically and contemporaneously. The problems identified with politically partisan and critique- oriented understandings of public bureaucracy identified in the first two sections of the paper are then illustrated in section three with direct reference
to specific episodes in German, US, and British political history. The paper concludes by re-emphasising the enduring significance and political positivity of the ethos of bureaucratic office-holding, not least in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Towards a Bureaucracy of the Body
Authors: Featherstone Mark
Published: July 2020

The objective of this article is to explore the evolution of what Beatrice Hibou calls the bureaucratisation of the world through a cultural history of the idea of bureaucracy in the western canon, taking in readings of Max Weber, Franz Kafka, Hannah Arendt, and Michel Foucault. The
purpose of this historical survey is to reveal the essential problem of bureaucracy relating to the estrangement of body and writing in a state of modern technological abstraction. In order to set up this cultural history the first part of the article concerns perhaps the originary moment
of the estrangement of humanity from writing, Socrates' story of the gift of writing from Plato's Phaedrus. Following exploration of Socrates' story, the article considers Derrida's famous analysis of the pharmakon of writing and suggests that what Derrida considered the original problem
of speech and writing (that is, the need to decentre the proto-totalitarian idea of presence) no longer applies in the contemporary bureaucratised world where writing itself has evolved its own totalitarian form – abstract bureaucratic language that no longer speaks to the human. The
article goes on to trace the evolution of this strange form of writing through exploration of the key works of Weber, Kafka, Arendt, and Foucault, before concluding by suggesting that what is required to move beyond the bureaucratisation of the world is the reversal of Derrida's pharmakon
towards a situation that recognises the presence of human being in the world. Extending this point, the final section of the article concludes by suggesting that it is possible to find this argument in Bernard Stiegler's work and explaining that his theory of the neganthropocene may contain
a solution of the problem of estranged writing and the totally bureaucratised world.
Lactalis, la construction d’un géant du lait
Authors: Chatriot Alain
Published: July 2020

Lactalis est aujourd’hui une entreprise majeure pour les produits laitiers à l’échelle mondiale. Né à Laval dans les années 1930, le groupe d’abord appelé Besnier du nom de son fondateur a connu une croissance considérable après la Seconde Guerre mondiale. On retrace ici d’abord l’évolution de cette entreprise familiale autour de toute une série d’acquisitions en France puis à l’international. On s’intéresse ensuite aux choix effectués par la direction de l’entreprise tels qu’on peut les reconstituer encore assez partiellement. Enfin, on revient sur les événements des dernières années qui ont mis dans l’actualité un groupe longtemps fier de sa discrétion.
Effect of leaf and fruit extracts of Schinus molle on oxidative stability of some vegetables oils under accelerated oxidation
Authors: Volpini-Klein A. F.N. , Silva C. A.A. , Fernandes S. S.L. , Nicolau C. L. , Cardoso C. A.L. , Fiorucci A. R. , Simionatto E.
Published: July 2020

The most highly recommended oils for the diet are those which are rich in unsaturated fatty acids. However, the presence of these components in the oils is related to oxidation, which can be determined by the induction period. Further safety and the prolongation of the storage period for such oils can be achieved by the addition of efficient antioxidants, which today are preferably from natural sources. In order to contribute to the related research, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Schinus molle extracts compared to synthetic antioxidants (BHT) in delaying the oxidation of some vegetable oils. The results of the present study showed that the fruit and leaf extracts of Schinus molle presented activities and potential for being used as antioxidants in vegetable oils based on the tested methods (DPPH and ABTS). The extracts were also characterized as containing phenolic compounds by the Folin Ciocalteau method and by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The action of the extracts as natural antioxidants was proven in the vegetal oils of chia (Salvia hispanica) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea) by the Rancimat method. It was observed that the oils increased their resistance to oxidation when incorporated with the extracts of Schinus molle, and the extract from the leaves increased the induction period of peanut oil by more than three hours (from 19.5 to 22.9 hours) with an extract concentration of 2.5%. The fruit extract was more efficient in delaying the oxidation of chia oil, prolonging its induction period by more than one hour with a concentration of 2.5% (from 3.1 to 4.3 hours). According to the results, the extracts of Schinus molle have favorable properties for possible use as an additive which inhibits the oxidation process of the tested vegetables oils.
Alkali activation of recycled ceramic aggregates from construction and demolition wastes
Authors: Gaibor N. , Coelho J. , Leitão D. , Miranda T. , Tavares P. , Cristelo N.
Published: July 2020

Environmental concerns are becoming increasingly more significant worldwide, thus creating the urgent need for new sustainable alternatives in the industrial sector. The present study assesses the fundamental properties of ceramic residue (CR) originated by demolition operations, specifically, the floor and wall tiles and sanitaryware furniture, for further incorporation in the construction sector, namely in alkali-activated binders, mixed with other better-known precursors - fly ash (FA) and ladle furnace slag (LFS). Different CR/FA and CR/LFS weight ratios were considered and analyzed by mechanical behavior and microstructural analysis, which included uniaxial compression strength (UCS) tests, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Energy Dispersive Analyser (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Results obtained showed that the combination of CR and FA or LFS, activated with sodium silicate, produced UCS values higher than 20 MPa and 59 MPa, respectively, after 90 days curing.
Imaginar un futuro después de la extinción: Cantos de las guerras preventivas de Fernando Contreras Castro
Authors: Ortiz Wallner Alexandra
Published: July 2020

Este artículo propone una lectura de Cantos de las guerras preventivas (2006) del escritor costarricense Fernando Contreras Castro desde el marco de la ficción especulativa y los debates sobre el Antropoceno y la pregunta por el futuro después del fin. Ahonda particularmente en el papel de la literatura dentro de este giro epistemológico en las humanidades y ciencias sociales.
Economics of public capital expenditure in the Sri Lankan road infrastructure sector
Authors: Gunaruwan T. Lalithasiri
Published: July 2020

The Sri Lankan Government spends a significant share of its capital budget on road infrastructure. Therefore, it is important to ensure the efficiency of capital deployment in road sector projects. This research was undertaken with the objective of assessing capital efficacy in road development. In addition, the research sought to appraise strategies adopted in the institutionalisation of an appropriate public investment management mechanism, such that the maximum possible economic gain could be obtained. Road projects undertaken by the Road Development Authority of Sri Lanka over the period 2005-2012, covering an overwhelmingly large share of public spending on road sector, were examined. The indicator used as the inverse of capital efficacy was the real capital expenditure intensity per unit of surface area, which was regressed against a selected set of cost-influencing factors, whereby significant determinants of capital intensity were identified. Project size, class of road, nature of terrain, funding mechanism and contract procurement process emerged as significant determinants with their influence being exerted in the expected direction, while the surface technology and the type of contractor were not significant. It was found that to fund projects through bilateral credit tied to contractors domiciled in lender countries without competitive bidding was highly capital intensive, and therefore inefficient, in terms of capital deployment. The outcomes of the study recommend that public investments should be executed through local contractors to the maximum possible extent, and that, whenever foreign funding becomes necessary, contract negotiation with a pre-designated company without competitive bidding should be avoided, given that such a modality would be prone to wastage, leakages, mismanagement, and corruption. It is strongly recommended to institutionalise a competitive procurement process through an effective mechanism for public investment planning, appraisal, and implementation management, to ensure the efficiency of public sector capital expenditure.
What Are Our Patients Really Telling Us? Psychological Constructs Associated With Patient-Reported Outcomes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Burland Julie P. , Howard Jennifer S. , Lepley Adam S. , DiStefano Lindsay J. , Frechette Laura , Lepley Lindsey K.
Published: July 2020

Context

Depressed patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are directly related to suboptimal recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Various PROs commonly used after ACLR can provide a gross estimation of function but do not fully elucidate the causes of self-perceived disability.

Objective

To more fully characterize the factors driving responses on PROs.

Design

Cross-sectional study. A mixed-methods approach was used, in which qualitative interviews were conducted alongside administration of PROs to uncover the themes behind a participant's PRO responses.

Setting

Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

Twenty-one individuals with unilateral ACLR (age = 20.90 ± 2.86 years, height = 172.0 ± 11.03 cm; mass = 71.52 ± 13.59 kg, postsurgery = 3.66 ± 3.03 years).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Patient-reported outcome measures were administered and qualitative interviews were conducted. The PROs consisted of the International Knee Documentation Committee form, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score (KOOS), ACL-Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) scale, and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK). A hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups based on PRO responses. Qualitative interviews provided supplemental insight into perceived disability. Independent t tests examined cluster differences for themes. Spearman ρ correlations indicated associations between PRO responses and themes.

Results

Two clusters (perceived high or low disability) emerged. Individuals with low perceived disability scored better on all PROs (P < .05) except for the KOOS-Activities of Daily Living. Internal and external facilitators or barrier subthemes emerged from the interviews. A significant difference was present between clusters and themes. Lower TSK andgreater ACL-RSI and KOOS-Quality of Life scores were associated with more perceived facilitators.

Conclusions

Participants with greater internal motivation and confidence and a support network had improved PROs. Those with avoidance tendencies, fear, lack of clear expectations, and less social support scored worse on PROs. The TSK, ACL-RSI, and KOOS-Quality of Life scales were best able to capture the constructs associated with perceived wellness, which reinforces their utility in recovery.
Do Imaging Markers of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Predict Hematoma Volume and Outcome in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage?
Authors: Warrier Anand R. , Bhatia Rohit , Garg Ajay , Padma Srivastava M.V. , Dash Deepa , Tripathi Manjari , Singh Mamta Bhushan , Singh Vishwajeet , Vishnubhatla Sreenivas , Prasad Kameshwar
Published: July 2020

Background and Purpose:

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) markers have not been widely studied in relation to hematoma volume and growth in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The objectives to assess the relationship of white matter hyperintense lesions (WMHL), microbleeds (MBs), and cortical siderosis (CSS) with hematoma volume, hematoma expansion (HE), and 3 months outcome in patients with hypertensive ICH.

Methods:

All consecutive acute hypertensive supratentorial ICH presenting to the emergency were prospectively recruited. Baseline and 24 hours computed tomography (CT) to assess hematoma volume and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for CSVD markers were performed in all subjects. WMHL (graded using Fazekas's scale), MBs, and CSS were assessed and compared with baseline variables and outcomes. All the images were assessed by an experienced stroke neurologist/neuroradiologist.

Results:

One hundred and fifty-seven patients were screened and 60 were included. Mean age was 54.08 ± 11.57 years and 47 (78%) were males. Of 60, 19 (28.1%) had HE, 31 (51.6%) had major bleed (>30 ml), and 28 (47.46%) had poor 3 month outcome (mRS 4-6). On univariate analysis, high grade WMHL was associated with greater HE [odds ratio (OR): 2.65, confidence interval (CI) 1.48–4.72, P = 0.001), greater proportion with volume >30 ml (OR: 7.16, CI: 1.09–47.13, P = 0.001) and poor outcome (OR: 2.1, CI: 0.05–3.27, P = 0.001). MBs were associated with poor outcome (P = 0.029) but not with HE/volume. CSS was related to HE (P = 0.031), a large volume bleed (P = 0.023), and poor outcome (P = 0.021). On multivariate model, only WMHL independently predicted HE (P = 0.034), greater proportion with bleed volume >30 ml (P = 0.041), and poor outcome (P = 0.042).

Conclusions:

WMHL in MRI serves as a predictor of hematoma expansion, a large volume bleed, and poor outcome in hypertensive ICH and may be incorporated into existing prediction models.
Utility of Immunohistochemistry and Western Blot in Profiling Clinically Suspected Cases of Congenital Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Mhatre Radhika , Sekar Deepha , Ponmalar Jessiena , Nagappa Madhu , Veeramani Preethish-Kumar , Polavarapu Kiran , Vengalil Seena , Atchayaram Nalini , Narayanappa Gayathri
Published: July 2020

Objective:

Immunocharacterization of congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) to determine the frequency of various subtypes in a large Indian Cohort.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective (2014-2017) study was carried on muscle biopsies of clinically suspected cases of CMD with histological evidence of dystrophy/myopathic features. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) to antibodies against laminin (α2, α5,β1,γ1), Collagen-VI (A1,2,3), and Western blot (WB) for α-dystroglycan and POMT1 was performed.

Results:

The study included 57 cases, of which 15 cases (26.3%) had mean age at presentation of 3.5 years, M: F = 1.5:1, elevated creatinine kinase (CK) (mean 1657 U/L), global developmental delay, multiple contractures, abnormal facies, white matter hyperintensities and showed laminin-α2 deficiency (Merosin deficient CMD). In addition, secondary reduction in laminin-β1, over-expression of laminin-α5, and preserved laminin-γ1 was noted. Ullrich CMD constituted 11/57 cases (19.2%) with mean age at presentation of 5.3 years, M: F = 1.2:1 and normal CK. They presented with proximal muscle weakness, soft velvety palms and soles, contractures, and joint hyperextensibility. Collagen-VI (A1,2,3) showed either complete (n = 3) or sarcolemmal specific (n = 8) loss of staining. Out of the remaining 31 cases, WB for α-dystroglycan was performed in 17 cases which showed deficiency in seven (12.3%). Three of these in addition revealed secondary partial loss of laminin-α2. WB for POMT1 showed deficiency in a single case clinically diagnosed Walker–Warburg syndrome, who presented with seizures and classical features of pachygyria, lissencephaly, and cerebellar cyst on MRI. Twenty-four cases (42.2%) remained uncharacterized and need genetic evaluation.

Conclusion:

The study helped in characterizing 57.8% of the proband. Immunotyping helps to direct mutational analysis for targeted genes and offers a potential route for prenatal diagnosis.
Hepatitis B in hepatocellular carcinoma patients and its correlation with alpha-fetoprotein and liver enzymes
Authors: Surit Richa , Shekhar Ravi , Sinha Dinesh Kumar , Singh Sanjeet Kumar , Kumar Uday , Prasad Nidhi
Published: July 2020

Background:

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in India ranges from 0.7 to 7.5 for men and 0.2 to 2.2 for women, per 100,000 population per year. The major risk factors for the development of HCC are infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus, and cirrhosis of liver. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and liver enzymes are widely used by clinicians for diagnostic purpose in HCC.

Aims and Objective:

This study was conducted in HCC patients related to HBV infection and to assess the significance of AFP and liver enzymes in it.

Materials and Methods:

Blood samples of 68 patients were taken. The samples were analyzed for AFP and liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], and alkaline phosphatase [ALP]). Liver enzymes were estimated by auto analyzer OLYMPUS AU400. AFP was analyzed by chemiluminescence immunoassay.

Results:

The mean values of AFP in serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative and positive patients ranges from 22745.4 to 23269.3 ng/ml with P = 0.921. The mean value of ALP in HbsAg-negative patients was 418 U/ml, whereas in positive patients, it was 310 U/ml. Both the groups did not show any significant changes in AFP levels. The ALP showed slight rise in negative group. The other parameters did not show significant rise in all patients.

Conclusion:

These values suggest that there was no significant influence of viral etiology on AFP and liver enzymes level in HCC patients.
What is a diagram, really?
Authors: DeRose Steven
Published: July 2020

Models for XML documents often focus on text documents, but XML is used for many other kinds of data as well: databases, math, music, vector graphic images, and more. This paper examines how basic document models in the “text” world, do and do not fit a quite different kind of data: vector graphic images, and in particular their very common application for many kinds of diagrams.
Saxon-JS Meets XSpec Unit Testing
Authors: Galtman Amanda
Published: July 2020

Unit testing helps you develop and maintain high quality software, and the XSpec tool provides unit testing capabilities for XSLT transforms. Meanwhile, the Saxon-JS product enables you to create web applications that run XSLT code in a web browser. If you want to implement XSpec tests for a Saxon-JS web application, a key challenge is that XSpec running with Saxon-EE cannot access the web browser, DOM, or JavaScript processor that influences your web application. XSpec does not natively understand the interactive XSLT features of Saxon-JS. This paper describes two approaches for making Saxon-JS and XSpec more compatible with each other: a primary approach that involves substituting for ("mocking") the parts of the Saxon-JS operation that XSpec cannot natively access, and a speculative, alternate approach that involves running XSpec tests directly in the browser using Saxon-JS. We discuss pros and cons of the approaches and why we chose the primary approach for a specific project involving user documentation for a software API.
Creating Class Attributes with XSLT (Making Stylesheets Extensible)
Authors: Imsieke Gerrit
Published: July 2020

When going from one XML application, such as JATS, to another, perhaps HTML, the stylesheet author may not be able to follow any simple pattern of translation. Attributes that may be useful in the target may not be present in the source, or what is an attribute in the target may be an element in the source. That which is represented as a class attribute in the source might become a style attribute or even a wrapper element in the target. What conventions should the stylesheet author employ to ensure consistency and extensibility, especially when the stylesheet may be combined with others, particularly in a layered application? This presentation looks at the implications of stylesheets not only for JATS but also for TEI and DocBook.
A New \u: Extending XPath Regular Expressions for Unicode
Authors: Kalvesmaki Joel
Published: July 2020

Regular expressions from one programming language or environment to the next differ in details. The XPath flavor of regular expressions has unrivaled access to Unicode code blocks and character classes. But why stop there? In this paper I present a small XSLT function library that extends the XPath functions fn:matches(), fn:replace(), fn:tokenize(), and fn:analyze-string() to permit new ways to build classes of Unicode characters, by means of their names and decomposition relations.
Asynchronous XSLT
Authors: Kay Michael
Published: July 2020

This paper describes a proposal for language extensions to XSLT 3.0, and to the XDM data model, to provide for asynchronous processing.

The proposal is particularly motivated by the requirement for asynchronous retrieval of external resources on the Javascript platform (whether client-side or server-side), but other use cases for asynchronous processing, and other execution platforms, are also considered.
Pipelined XSLT Transformations
Authors: Nordström Ari
Published: July 2020

This paper is a commercial for pipelined XSLT transformations, hoping to convince the reader to move to a liberating step-by-step approach to write your transformations rather than continuing to endure the pain that is known as monolithic XSLTs. Pipelined transformations are about writing small steps run in sequence, the output of one step providing the input of the next, and with each step focussing on one task rather than, well, everything. Developing and debugging becomes easier, and so does testing and documentation.

It all runs in XProc, but knowing XProc is not a requirement (even though it's fun in its own right); XSLT is enough to enjoy pipelined XSLTs. This paper should provide enough information, including implementations and examples, to get the reader started.
How Suite it is: Declarative XForms Submission Testing
Authors: Pemberton Steven
Published: July 2020

Submission, the process of sending data to a server and dealing with the response, is probably the hardest part of XForms to implement, and certainly involves the XForms element with the most attributes. This is largely due to legacy: XForms was designed to work with existing standards, and HTTP submission was designed before XML existed: the data representations are several, and on occasion byzantine.

Part of the process of producing a standard such as XForms is a test suite to check implementability of the specification. The original XForms test suite consisted of a large collection of XForms, one XForm per feature to be tested. These had to be run by hand, and the output inspected to determine if the test had passed.

As a part of the XForms 2.0 effort, a new test suite is being designed and built. This tests features by introspection, without user intervention, so that the XForm itself can report if it has passed or not. Current work within the test suite is on submission.

This paper gives an overview of how the test suite works, and discusses the issues involved with submission, the XForms approach to it, and how to go about introspecting something that has left the client before you can cast your eyes on it.
Fault tolerance, error tolerance, diversity tolerance
Authors: Sperberg-McQueen C. M.
Published: July 2020

How to react when things are not as we expect them to be.
Disabled by Default: how markup can support best practice in accessibility
Authors: Tovey-Walsh Bethan Siân
Published: July 2020

Accessibility is not a single, straightforward concept. For a particular user, the accessibility of any resource is determined by a web of factors, first by the nature and severity of the disability (cognitive, physical, or mental), then influenced by poverty, tech access, language, and many other factors. Designing content to take account of accessibility on this wide scale is a daunting task. Markup is well placed to address accessibility, because markup is optimized to encourage choice. It allows us to say what things are, and choose later (or, better, allow the user to choose) what that means for how content is displayed, printed, spoken, or otherwise manifested in the output. It also allows us to say how things relate to each other, so that we can easily offer choices of the same content in different formats. Concrete examples of what this means in some common markup outputs will highlight things we could be doing in our own practice to encourage more accessible content creation from markup.
XSLT 3.0 on ordinary prose
Authors: Walsh Norman
Published: July 2020

You work with text and documents for a living, and XSLT 3.0 comes out. You hear it’s great and really want to try it, so you read about some features (streaming, maps, arrays, higher order functions) and when you look at some applications, you first think “that’s for data not text”. But maybe 3.0 is for you too, really. Using DocBook as a prototypical text-application, I will demonstrate why XSLT 3.0 solutions are just better and easier than anything that’s been possible before.
Converting typesetting codes to structured XML
Authors: Andries Patrick , Wood Lauren
Published: July 2020

Before XML, the United States Government Publishing Office (GPO) created complex typography using non-hierarchical, line-based typesetting systems characterized by “locator” files which contain lines of typesetting instructions. Our mission is to convert years of locator files that describe U.S. government bills, laws, and statues (etc.) into structural XML, valid to the United States Legislative Markup (USLM) XML Schema. This was and is complicated, as locator files, in addition to being completely presentation-focused, use stylistic differences to communicate semantic significance. Our iterative analysis grew the mapping specification in stages. The conversion itself is in two parts. First, Java converts the locator files into hierarchical XML (the JAVA lexical, syntactical, decomposition, and generational phases are the focus of this paper). Then XSLT improves the resulting XML. Quality control and testing required additional programming and the creation and maintenance of a large set of reference samples.
Fundamentos da Sanção no Direito Tributário
Authors: VIEIRA IRACEMA TEIXEIRA , NOBRE SIMONE CRUZ , TUPIASSU LISE
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar os fundamentos da sanção no Direito Tributário partindo-se da lógica que o tributo é a principal fonte de recurso financeiro do Estado para implementar direitos fundamentais. No entanto, quando o contribuinte do tributo não cumpre uma obrigação tributária o Estado tem o dever de puni-lo, desde que não ultrapasse os limites da razoabilidade. Assim, objetiva-se tratar dos problemas que surgem em relação à natureza jurídica das penalidades tributárias, buscando-se compreender a legitimidade das sanções tributárias, o fundamento teórico e prático, desenvolvendo-se a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e método dedutivo. Conclui-se que, a depender do campo do Direito que está vinculado o dever jurídico, as consequências impostas pelo seu descumprimento podem sofrer alterações com consequências jurídicas ao destinatário e as sanções tributárias devem ser tratadas e legitimadas, diferentemente das sanções penais, permitindo ao contribuinte fazer valer as limitações intrínsecas ao poder de tributar.
Dívida Ativa Tributária e não Tributária na Recuperação Judicial
Authors: Silva Vinicius Santos
Published: July 2020

A execução fiscal na recuperação judicial é abordada de maneira restrita e tem sido interpretada de maneira diversa entre a Primeira e a Segunda Seções do STJ. Desta feita, analisa-se neste estudo a abordagem legal e jurisprudencial trazida no tocante à suspensão da execução fiscal frente à recuperação judicial. É sabido que, de maneira geral, os atos expropriatórios devem ser suspensos quando do deferimento do processamento da recuperação judicial, todavia, o art. 6º, § 7º, da Lei de Recuperações e Falências dispõe que as execuções fiscais não serão suspensas nesse processo. Ainda no cerne deste estudo encontra-se a problemática da natureza da dívida pública, que ajuda a tornar tal assunto ainda mais intrigante, mas, ao mesmo tempo, instigante.
Incidência de IRPJ e CSLL sobre os Indébitos Tributários Decorrentes de Decisões Judiciais
Authors: Daniel Neto Carlos Augusto
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo tem por finalidade discutir o momento em que a receita decorrente de decisões judiciais que reconhecem indébitos tributários deve ser oferecida à tributação da renda. Para tanto, parte-se do entendimento exarado pela Receita Federal no Ato Declaratório Interpretativo SRF n. 25/2003, no sentido de que a receita deve ser, em regra, reconhecida no surgimento da coisa julgada, para levantar óbices de quatro ordens distintas a essa posição, relacionados à (i) inexistência de definitividade do valor enquanto houver medidas judiciais em curso; (ii) inexistência de certeza com a simples expedição do precatório; (iii) inexistência de capacidade contributiva sobre mera expectativa de pagamento; e (iv) inexistência de congruência entre o entendimento da Receita Federal e as regras de contabilidade pública.
Tributação Indireta da Economia Digital
Authors: Piscitelli Tathiane
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo avaliar se o Brasil está preparado para aderir às orientações da OCDE na tributação indireta da economia digital. Considerando as disputas federativas existentes, o foco das reflexões será concentrado no ICMS e no ISS e na tributação de programas de computador padronizados, bem como contratos de streaming e computação em nuvem. O objetivo geral é definir qual imposto se aproxima mais das diretrizes da OCDE ou, na hipótese de nenhum deles cumprir com esse desiderato, estabelecer a solução jurídica mais adequada.
Programa “Nos Conformes”
Authors: Da Silva Fabio Pereira
Published: July 2020

O “paradigma do crime” deriva do paradigma econômico clássico que parte da premissa de que os indivíduos adotam comportamentos racionais, buscando maximizar a utilidade de suas decisões. De outro lado, o “paradigma do serviço” pressupõe que o comportamento do contribuinte é bem mais complexo, de forma que outros fatores afetam sua decisão – para além do desejo de maximizar a utilidade econômica de sua ação –, dentre os quais a confiança no Estado e nas autoridades fiscais. Visando adotar premissas mais concernentes ao “paradigma do serviço”, o Governo do Estado de São Paulo criou o Programa “Nos Conformes”. O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar se o programa atinge esse desiderato. Ao final conclui-se que, apesar do avanço da proposta no sentido de reduzir o conflito entre Fisco e contribuintes, o Programa “Nos Conformes” merece reavaliação, mormente no que toca à classificação dos contribuintes e às contrapartidas previstas na lei.
Earn Out na Compra de Participações Societárias e seus Efeitos Tributários sobre o Custo de Aquisição de Investimentos
Authors: Godoy Costa de Paula José Arnaldo
Published: July 2020

O earn out, como parcela de preço contingente, possui diversos possíveis tratamentos contábeis que decorrem de sua natureza, bem como dos fatos que fundamentam o seu registro. Tal valor poderá (ou não) afetar o custo de aquisição do investimento para fins contábeis, o que inaugura dúvidas sobre seus efeitos tributários. Este artigo pretende estabelecer quais são os possíveis desdobramentos contábeis do earn out, formas de identificação de sua natureza jurídica e seus possíveis efeitos sobre o custo de aquisição do investimento, bem como sobre a apuração do Lucro Real. Ao final do estudo, concluir-se-á que o tratamento jurídico-tributário do earn-out dependerá (i) de sua natureza jurídica (se for preço, remuneração ou prêmio vinculado à aquisição de participação societária); e (ii) se houve efetivo sacrifício patrimonial, que não esteja pendente de condição.
Necessidade de Processo Administrativo Fiscal Prévio ao Redirecionamento da Execução Fiscal aos Sócios-gerentes
Authors: Bittencourt Amado de Freitas Liz
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho almeja discutir a necessidade de Processo Administrativo Fiscal (PAF) prévio ao redirecionamento da execução fiscal ao sócio-gerente/administrador da pessoa jurídica executada, diante dos princípios constitucionais do devido processo legal, ampla defesa, contraditório e da segurança jurídica, quando vislumbrada a responsabilidade prevista no art. 135, inciso III, CTN. Evidencia-se a necessidade de comprovação do ato ilícito e do dolo nessa conduta, através de PAF, por ser a execução fiscal mero processo satisfativo, ceifando o direito à defesa daquele a ser executado. Assim, tratará sobre a constituição do crédito tributário e sua transformação em título executivo – Certidão de Dívida Ativa –, possibilitando à Fazenda Pública cobrá-lo por meio de execução fiscal. Discorrerá sobre a sujeição passiva tributária, sendo um dos objetos analisados. Ao fim, buscar-se-á demonstrar o procedimento a ser adotado pelo Fisco para alcançar o patrimônio dos sócios administradores, visando ao adimplemento de crédito tributário originário de pessoa jurídica.