bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unpacking family language policy through autoethnography: Insights from a transnational Arabic-speaking family in the United States
Authors: Alasmari Muhammad
Published: April 2024

Aims and objectives:

Adopting an autoethnography research framework, this study draws upon insider insights into family life to investigate the language policy of Arabic-speaking Saudi families in the United States. This approach contributes to family language policy (FLP) scholarship. Leveraging the well-established tradition of autoethnography in sociolinguistic studies, the study examines language socialization within a transnational family and the resulting changes in their FLP.

Methodology:

This study adopted Spolsky’s framework of language policy, which consists of ideology, management, and planning. Due to the amount and variation of data, analytical induction was used because it identifies recurring patterns and develops initial insights by examining similarities between phenomena. This method also offers analytical lenses for studying personal experiences and social interactions.

Data collection and analysis:

The data presented in this research were obtained from a larger corpus set obtained during a primary longitudinal study that examined language socialization processes within an Arabic Muslim family temporarily residing in a Western context for a period of 3 years. However, for the purpose of this autoethnographic study, the data analysis was limited to a 2-year period because this analytical method examines broad categories of understanding and then creates sub-categories. Fieldnotes, journals, and recordings were logged and coded to find important patterns.

Findings:

This study shows autoethnography as a useful approach to greater access to an Arabic-speaking Muslim family living in the United States. It also revealed aspects related to internal conflict and the different views parents can have about raising a bilingual child. The role of contextual factors in impacting FLP is also explained. By considering the broader social and cultural influences on language policy, the study showcased the complex interplay between macro-level factors and micro-level family dynamics.

Originality:

This study is the one of the rare studies that highlights the autoethnographic approach to FLP with relation to Arabophone Muslim families living in the United States. Also, the study demonstrates the value of the autoethnographic approach to FLP, as it helps to explore insider perspectives to understand the dynamic nature of FLP, the contextual factors influencing it, and how families construct meaning through their language use.

Significance:

This study lays the groundwork for future sociolinguists interested in FLP research to delve deeper into family language dynamics and explore how children navigate their parents’ language policies through the use of autoethnography approaches.
Psychological mechanisms underlying ingroup favouritism in cooperation: Revisiting the reputation management and expectation hypotheses
Authors: Imada Hirotaka , Mifune Nobuhiro , Shimizu Hiroshi
Published: April 2024

According to the theory of bounded generalized reciprocity (BGR), intergroup contexts afford individuals the assumption that indirect reciprocity is bounded by group membership, and this shapes ingroup favouritism in cooperation. The assumption of bounded indirect reciprocity is hypothesized to result in ingroup favouritisms via two pathways: it leads people to behave in ways that earn and maintain a positive reputation in the eyes of ingroup, but not outgroup, members (the reputation management hypothesis), and it leads individuals to expect other ingroup members to be more cooperative than outgroup members (the expectation hypothesis). In other words, BGR offers two parallel psychological explanations for why people display ingroup favouritism. While the latter hypothesis has gained much experimental support, evidence for the former is rather scarce. Here, we report a direct test of both the reputation management hypothesis and the expectation hypothesis using two economic games. Overall, we found support for the expectation hypothesis, but not for the reputation management hypothesis.
Trust, nuance, and care: Advantages and challenges of repeat qualitative interviews
Authors: Goyes David Rodriguez , Sandberg Sveinung
Published: April 2024

Most methodological discussions about the pros and cons of repeat interviews fall within qualitative longitudinal literature and are premised on project designs with relatively long intervals between encounters. Less attention has been paid to the practice and ethics of repeat interviewing as a stand-alone method, that does not follow participants long-term, but instead conducts several interviews over a short period of time. This article is based on interviews and research logs from a project in which over 350 incarcerated persons in Latin America were interviewed. We evaluate the advantages and shortcomings of repeat interviewing, in this case, three sessions with each participant with up to a week in between sessions. We find that repeat interviewing increases trust and rapport, contributes to nuanced data, generates reflexivity, and ensures more ethical research by making it easier for researchers to care for participants. Yet the method also has the disadvantages of demanding a significant investment of resources, the risk of losing participants, and on occasion, the emotional challenge of breaking strong bonds when researchers and participants part ways. We argue that the advantages of repeat interviews exceed the shortcomings, but ethical concerns added to the cost in time, energy, and money might at times proscribe the method.
Development of Phonological Error Patterns in Arabic-Speaking Children in Jordan
Authors: Marie Basem S. , Qanawati Laila K. , Zabalawi Deema A. , Ali Aya M. , Najem Fadi J.
Published: April 2024

This study aims to identify the phonological error patterns of normally developing children who speak colloquial Jordanian Arabic dialect and to provide normative data for the age of suppression for each phonological error pattern. One hundred fifty-four normally developing children (68 females and 86 males) ranging from 3 to 6.5 years were recruited from nurseries and kindergartens in the cities of Amman and Salt to participate in the present study. Data collection was performed in a quiet room (Ambient noise <30 dB A) using Amayreh’s articulation test. Two speech-language pathologists (SLPs) scored the responses of each participant independently. The phonological error pattern is considered present if it is produced in five different words by the child in single-word productions and present in 10% of the children in any age group. Some phonological error patterns were not evident in normally developing Jordanian Arabic–speaking children (e.g., cluster reduction, affrication, and deaffrication). Most phonological error patterns disappeared at the age of 5.5 to 6 years. Fronting was the only pattern that existed after the age of 6. Linguistic and dialectical features can vastly affect these patterns and their suppression. Therefore, obtaining normative data for different Arabic dialects is needed and has important clinical implications for diagnosing phonological disorders, treatment planning, and assigning intervention targets.
A Tiny Box, Big Dreams: The Lamasco Microgallery as a Nontraditional Venue for Art & Community Engagement
Authors: Schendel-Vyvoda Tory
Published: April 2024

This article explores the Lamasco Microgallery, a grassroots initiative borne from a community grant in Evansville, Indiana. Beyond showcasing art, the microgallery embodies a public philosophy of inclusivity and accessibility, challenging traditional museum models and fostering social connection through the visual arts. This article examines the microgallery’s conception, philosophy, and the impact of its first exhibition and community reception. It argues that such unconventional spaces offer valuable platforms for community engagement, empowering residents to engage with diverse perspectives and cultivate a more inclusive community.
Percutaneous Versus Surgical Femoral Cannulation in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kirov Hristo , Caldonazo Tulio , Runkel Angelique , Fischer Johannes , Tasoudis Panagiotis , Mukharyamov Murat , Cancelli Gianmarco , Dell’Aquila Michele , Doenst Torsten
Published: April 2024

Objective:

Minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) is increasing worldwide. In most cases, the surgical technique includes cannulation of the groin for the establishment of cardiopulmonary bypass, requiring a second surgical incision (SC) for exposure and cannulation of the femoral vessels. With the introduction of arterial closure devices, percutaneous cannulation (PC) of the groin has become a possible alternative. We performed a meta-analysis and systematic review to compare clinical endpoints between the patients who underwent PC and SC for MICS.

Methods:

Three databases were assessed. The primary outcome was any access site complication. Secondary outcomes were perioperative mortality, any wound complication, any vascular complication, lymphatic complications, femoral/iliac stenosis, stroke, procedural duration, and hospital length of stay (LOS). A random effects model was performed.

Results:

A total of 5 studies with 2,038 patients were included. When compared with PC, patients who underwent SC showed a higher incidence of any access site complication (odds ratio [OR] = 3.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.87 to 5.10, P < 0.01), any wound complication (OR = 10.10, 95% CI: 3.31 to 30.85, P < 0.01), lymphatic complication (OR = 9.37, 95% CI: 2.15 to 40.81, P < 0.01), and longer procedural duration (standardized mean difference = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.51, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups regarding perioperative mortality, any vascular complication, femoral/iliac stenosis, stroke, or hospital LOS.

Conclusions:

The analysis suggests that surgical groin cannulation in MICS is associated with a higher incidence of any access site complication (especially wound complication and lymphatic fistula) and with a longer procedural time compared with PC. There was no difference in perioperative mortality.
Approaches to Engaging Men During Primary Healthcare Encounters: A scoping review
Authors: Seidler Zac E. , Benakovic Ruben , Wilson Michael J. , McGee Margaret A. , Fisher Krista , Smith James A. , Oliffe John L. , Sheldrake Michelle
Published: April 2024

Gender-responsive healthcare is critical to advancing men’s health given that masculinities intersect with other social determinants to impact help-seeking, engagement with primary healthcare, and patient outcomes. A scoping review was undertaken with the aim to synthesize gender-responsive approaches used by healthcare providers (HCPs) to engage men with primary healthcare. MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases were searched for articles published between 2000 and February 2024. Titles and abstracts for 15,659 citations were reviewed, and 97 articles met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted and analyzed thematically. Thirty-three approaches were synthesized from across counseling/psychology, general practice, social work, nursing, psychiatry, pharmacy, and unspecified primary healthcare settings. These were organized into three interrelated themes: (a) tailoring communication to reach men; (b) purposefully structuring treatment to meet men’s health needs, and (c) centering the therapeutic alliance to retain men in care. Strength-based and asset-building approaches focused on reading and responding to a diversity of masculinities was reinforced across the three findings. While these approaches are recommended for the judicious integration into health practitioner education and practice, this review highlighted that the evidence remains underdeveloped, particularly for men who experience health inequities. Critical priorities for further research include intersectional considerations and operationalizing gender-responsive healthcare approaches for men and its outcomes, particularly at first point-of-contact encounters.
Resisting the Robotic – Moving Fluidly Towards Soulful Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Chung-Lee Leinic , Lapum Jennifer
Published: April 2024

Qualitative inquiry is known for the generation of knowledge that is expressive, subjective, rich, and comprehensive. While there are prospects for qualitative research to inform and improve praxis, thin engagement with qualitative analysis threatens the meaningfulness of the produced findings. Novice and emerging researchers may long for the aid of a technical guide outlining procedural steps as they learn to become qualitative scholars. However, prescriptive and mechanical processing of data confines the researcher’s capacity to extend and leverage their creativity. Rather, it is through the researcher’s intuition and being “present” that one can begin to interact with data in a fluid and reflexive manner. Drawing on nursing practice, although relevant to other disciplines, this article challenges the robotic ways of analyzing qualitative data. We offer a discussion on robotic care versus Lanoix’s “thickly embodied and relational” care, nursing presence, and how one may apply patient-centred care to the analytical processes in qualitative research, not limited to nursing or healthcare research. By engaging in an embodied manner with analysis, possibilities are opened up for producing knowledge that is profound, compelling, and impactful. Using arts-based research approaches, we share an artistic-informed reflection on embracing uncertainty and finding strength in vulnerability while interacting with the art piece as a strategy for being reflexive. The art piece uses painting, fluid art specifically, to highlight the need for creativity and reflexivity in qualitative analysis. Through the embodied art experience with immersing oneself in creative space, we make the connection with enabling researchers to move fluidly, without restraint, towards soulful qualitative analysis.
Evaluating the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a conservative approach to oxygen therapy for invasively ventilated adults in intensive care: Protocol for the UK-ROX trial
Authors: Martin Daniel S , Shahid Tasnin , Gould Doug W , Richards-Belle Alvin , Doidge James C , Camsooksai Julie , Charles Walton N , Davey Miriam , Francis Johnson Amelia , Garrett Roger M , Grocott Michael PW , Jones Joanne , Lampro Lamprini , Miller Lorna , O’Driscoll B Ronan , Rostron Anthony J , Sadique Zia , Szakmany Tamas , Young Paul J , Rowan Kathryn M , Harrison David A , Mouncey Paul R
Published: April 2024

Background:

In the United Kingdom, around 184,000 adults are admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) each year with over 30% receiving mechanical ventilation. Oxygen is the commonest therapeutic intervention provided to these patients but it is unclear how much oxygen should be administered for the best clinical outcomes.

Methods:

The UK-ROX trial will evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of conservative oxygen therapy (the minimum oxygen concentration required to maintain an oxygen saturation of 90% ± 2%) versus usual oxygen therapy in critically ill adults receiving supplemental oxygen when invasively mechanically ventilated in ICUs in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The trial will recruit 16,500 patients from approximately 100 UK adult ICUs. Using a deferred consent model, enrolled participants will be randomly allocated (1:1) to conservative or usual oxygen therapy until ICU discharge or 90 days after randomisation.

Objectives:

The primary clinical outcome is all cause mortality at 90 days following randomisation.

Discussion:

The UK-ROX trial has received ethical approval from the South Central – Oxford C Research Ethics Committee (Reference: 20/SC/0423) and the Confidentiality Advisory Group (Reference: 22/CAG/0154). The trial commenced in May 2021 and, at the time of publication, 95 sites had opened to recruitment.
Arthroscopic repair of proximal anterior cruciate ligament tears in children and adolescents: A systematic review
Authors: Turati Marco , Anghilieri Filippo Maria , Gatti Simone Daniel , Courvoisier Aurelien , Rigamonti Luca , Zatti Giovanni , Nicolaou Nicolas , Bigoni Marco
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

Anterior cruciate ligament repair techniques are of growing interest because they allow for minimally invasive surgery that avoids harvesting of the transplant, without risking growth deficiencies in young patients. The aim of this study is to summarize the published evidence about arthroscopic repair of anterior cruciate ligament proximal tears in skeletally immature patients.

Methods:

In total, four studies were included and processed for data extraction after screening for eligibility for this systematic review: one retrospective cohort study and three retrospective case series. Altogether, the four studies included in this review included 61 skeletally immature patients with a mean age of 12.1 years diagnosed with proximal anterior cruciate ligament tear who underwent arthroscopic repair with preservation of the native ligament. The mean follow-up period was 2.8 years.

Results:

The most relevant and objective outcome that we considered was re-rupture rate. One study reports a cumulative incidence of graft failure in the first 3 years after surgery of 48.8% while the others report a 0%, 0% and 21.5% re-rupture rate. No growth disturbances were reported in the included studies.

Conclusion:

Despite growing interest surrounding anterior cruciate ligament repair techniques, the presence of limited quality studies in the literature means repair cannot be strongly supported at present. Some encouraging data regarding the absence of growth disturbance and functional outcomes does exist, but studies with larger samples are required.

Level of evidence:

level IV.
Ballistic resistance analysis of hard ceramic combined with aluminum foam sandwich constructions
Authors: Pratomo Arief Nur , Ruhma Zaka , Rukmono Wawan , Martijanti Martijanti , Sutarno Sutarno , Tse Kwong Ming
Published: April 2024

A ballistic resistance of hard ceramic combined with aluminum foam sandwich (CAFS) constructions was investigated in this paper. This combination plate is constructed by a front faceplate (FFP), ceramic plates, an aluminum foam (Al-foam) panel, and a rear faceplate (RFP). The material used for the FFP and RFP was heat-treated mild steel with the thicknesses are 5 mm and 3.5 mm, respectively. The ceramic materials to be evaluated are B4C, SiC, and Al2O3. Al-foams were fabricated by varying the stabilizer weight ratio of MgO and Al2O3. The Al-foams have a porosity of 79.93%–82.57%, a pore diameter of 2.51–2.82 mm, the relative density of 0.17–0.24, and plateau stress of 3.88–6.63 MPa. Ballistic tests were carried out only for aluminum foam sandwich (AFS) construction without ceramics to evaluate the manufacturing effect and to obtain a baseline ballistic plate to be improved. Ballistic tests are conducted by using 5.56 × 45 mm bullet with 50 m shooting range and bullet speed of 929–958 m/s. To validate the damage mode and energy absorption capability of the AFS, a numerical model is constructed. The numerical studies were conducted to investigate the damage mode and energy absorption capabilities of each part. The simulation has a good agreement with the experiment result on the damage mode. This model then to be used to study the effect of the additional hard ceramic layer. An interaction between hard ceramic and AFS is also investigated to get a new insight of the energy absorption mechanism during bullet penetration. A new finding shows that ceramic presses the Al-foam to solidify so that it can increase the energy absorbed by the Al-foam. The ceramic is impacted by a bullet pushing the Al-foam so that it undergoes solidification which leads to increasing absorbed energy.
Exploring the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Global Health and Enhancing Healthcare in Developing Nations
Authors: Zuhair Varisha , Babar Areesha , Ali Rabbiya , Oduoye Malik Olatunde , Noor Zainab , Chris Kitumaini , Okon Inibehe Ime , Rehman Latif Ur
Published: April 2024

Background:

Artificial intelligence (AI), which combines computer science with extensive datasets, seeks to mimic human-like intelligence. Subsets of AI are being applied in almost all fields of medicine and surgery.

Aim:

This review focuses on the applications of AI in healthcare settings in developing countries, designed to underscore its significance by comprehensively outlining the advancements made thus far, the shortcomings encountered in AI applications, the present status of AI integration, persistent challenges, and innovative strategies to surmount them.

Methodology:

Articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane were searched from 2000 to 2023 with keywords including AI and healthcare, focusing on multiple medical specialties.

Results:

The increasing role of AI in diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and patient management, as well as hospital management and community healthcare, has made the overall healthcare system more efficient, especially in the high patient load setups and resource-limited areas of developing countries where patient care is often compromised. However, challenges, including low adoption rates and the absence of standardized guidelines, high installation and maintenance costs of equipment, poor transportation and connectivvity issues hinder AI’s full use in healthcare.

Conclusion:

Despite these challenges, AI holds a promising future in healthcare. Adequate knowledge and expertise of healthcare professionals for the use of AI technology in healthcare is imperative in developing nations.
Understanding Cambodian Provincial University Students’ Perspectives on Cambodia’s Vision to Become a Knowledge-Based Society
Authors: Heng Kimkong
Published: April 2024

This study examines the perspectives of Cambodian provincial university students about Cambodia’s vision to transform itself into a knowledge-based society. The study employed a qualitative approach to gather data to answer three research questions. Based on in-depth interviews with 21 university students from three provinces, including Battambang, Siem Reap, and Svay Rieng, it was found that Cambodian university students had a superficial understanding of the term knowledge-based society. They were ambivalent, expressing both optimism and pessimism, when it came to Cambodian universities’ contributions to supporting Cambodia’s development into a knowledge society. The study also revealed a number of challenges facing university students in provincial Cambodia, such as limited access to educational resources and opportunities, inadequate opportunities for gaining practical knowledge and skills needed for the job market, and other issues of various nature. The study sheds light on how Cambodian university students perceive Cambodia’s aspirations for becoming a knowledge-based society and has implications for policy, practice, and future research.
The Complexity of Female Empowerment in India
Authors: Anderson Siwan
Published: April 2024

On a global scale, India ranks very poorly in terms of gender equality. This overall indicator masks important heterogeneities across the separate measures of female empowerment. India scores very highly with regards to equality of civil liberties and the political participation of women. But the country falls well below the global average with respect to equal access to economic resources and protection from gender-based violence. These poorer empowerment indicators have persisted not only in the wake of strong economic progress, but also in the context of an impressive set of government led reforms and policies targeting women. These different initiatives have successfully augmented women’s agency in both the private and public spheres of life, but women and girls still face extreme discrimination and violence. The salience of restrictive local customs appears to be a core hindrance towards transformative change. This paper reviews the economics literature which examines this complexity across the different dimensions of female empowerment in India. It highlights the newly emerging research focused on ameliorating gender biased norms and discusses potential steps forward.

JEL Classifications: J12, J16
Arthroscopic Chondral Ankle Treatment: A Multicenter Outcome Study
Authors: Yuro Matthew R. , Carreira Dominic S. , Acevedo Jorge I. , Harris Thomas G.
Published: April 2024

Introduction/Purpose:

Chondral injuries of the ankle are common, often requiring surgical intervention. The purpose of this multicenter study of ankle osteochondral injuries is to report minimum one year outcomes for patients undergoing arthroscopic surgical treatment.

Methods:

Thirty-nine patients undergoing arthroscopic surgery to treat chondral ankle injuries between December 2017 and January 2022 were enrolled in the present multicenter study. Intraoperative information including diagnoses and procedures performed were recorded. All patients completed the Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS), the Veteran RAND 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12) Physical and Mental component scales, and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure Sports subscale (FAAM-S). These measures were collected at the pre-operative visit within two weeks before surgery and at a minimum of one year post- operatively. Patient demographics and perioperative complications were also recorded. Paired T-test was used to determine statistical significance.

Results:

Of the thirty-nine patients with a minimum of 1 year follow-up, the average age was 46 years old and 51% were male. Average patient BMI was 29. Laterality was right in 54% of the patients, and 8% of surgeries were revisions. Relative to baseline, there was a significant decrease in VAS at minimum 1-year post-operatively (4.9 to 1.7, p< 0.001). Additionally, the VR-12 Physical was significantly higher at minimum 1-year post-operatively (35.4 to 46.8, p< 0.001). The VR-12 Mental was also significantly higher at minimum 1-year post-operatively (47.6 to 54.6, p=0.005). Finally, there was a significant increase in FAAM Sports (11.3 to 34.0, p< 0.001). There were no recorded complications.

Conclusion:

For patients undergoing arthroscopic surgery to treat chondral ankle injuries, our study found significant improvements in self-reported pain, overall physical health, overall mental health, and sport activities at minimum one-year follow- ups with no complications.
Evaluation of Surgical Costs in Acute Achilles Repairs
Authors: Wagers Kade , Nixon Devon , Ofori-Atta Blessing S. , Presson Angela , Tucker William
Published: April 2024

Introduction/Purpose:

Increasing attention is being paid to the costs associated with various orthopedic surgeries. Here, we studied the factors that influence costs associated with surgically treated acute Achilles tendon tears.

Methods:

We retrospectively identified patients with surgically repaired acute Achilles tendon tears, excluding insertional ruptures or chronic tendon issues. Using the Value Driven Outcome (VDO) tool from our institution, we assessed total direct costs as well as facility costs. Briefly, the VDO tool includes an item-level database that can capture granular-level cost data – costs are then reported as relative mean data. Cost variables were adjusted to 2022 US dollars, and total direct cost was compared with patient characteristics using gamma regressions to report cost ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:

Our cohort consisted of 224 patients with Achilles tendon tears surgically repaired by one of four fellowship-trained orthopedic foot and ankle surgeons. There were no differences in demographics, total direct costs, or facility costs based on positioning (prone N =156, supine N =68). Total direct costs were 9% higher in males (N =182) compared to females (N =42) (p=0.023, 95% CI: 1.01-1.17) in an unadjusted analysis. Mini-open repairs (N =215), compared to percutaneous techniques (N =9), had 32% less total direct costs (p < 0.001; 95% CI: 0.60-0.78). Compared to surgery at a main academic hospital (N =15), procedures at an ambulatory care center (N =207) had 25% lower total direct costs (p < 0.001; 95% CI: 0.67-0.83) and 44% lower reduced facility costs (p < 0.001; 95% CI: 0.51-0.61). Significance was maintained in multivariable analysis except for sex.

Conclusion:

Improving cost-effective orthopedic care remains an increasingly important goal. Patient positioning for Achilles tendon repair does not appear to have meaningful effects on cost. Surgery at an ambulatory center was significantly less costly than repairs performed at an academic hospital. When clinically appropriate, considering surgery location at an ambulatory center appears to reduce surgical costs.
Gender Representation Among Foot & Ankle Conference Presenters and Research Authors: A 10-Year Analysis (2012-2022)
Authors: Mullen Marguerite Anne , Budis Emmanuel , Gianakos Arianna , Esfahani Soheil Ashkani , DiGiovanni Christopher W. , Guss Daniel
Published: April 2024

Introduction/Purpose:

Today women are over 50% of medical school matriculants but remain underrepresented in orthopaedic surgery (~15% of residents and < 6% of practicing surgeons). Moreover, despite different and sometimes controversial reports, the rate of female society memberships and national and international meeting speakers as well as their contribution to leadership positions including moderating sessions, podiums, and symposiums are believed to be low. The objective of this study was to assess whether there is a gap in female representation among invited speakers at American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) national meetings relative to research productivity as reflected by article authorship in Foot & Ankle International journal (FAI).

Methods:

Programs for AOFAS specialty days and annual meetings and FAI articles from January 2012 to December 2022 were obtained. Industry-hosted programs were excluded. Gender was identified through personal acquaintance or online search on the biographies of the authors. Presentations and articles were categorized as “technical” or “non-technical”, where technical was defined as relating to basic science or the clinical practice of orthopaedics. Comparisons were done using the Chi-Square Test (significance level= p< 0.05).

Results:

1,020 AOFAS presentations and 2,230 FAI articles were analyzed. Gender was unavailable for 0.19% of AOFAS speakers, 4.48% of FAI first authors and 4.13% of FAI senior authors. 11.08% of AOFAS invited national meeting speakers, 15.18% of FAI first authors and 7.40% of FAI senior authors were female. Overall, the proportion of female speakers was significantly lower than female first authors (p= 0.0036), and significantly higher than female senior authors (p < 0.001). In 2018 and 2019, women were more likely to have given “non-technical” AOFAS presentations. There was no significant difference in other years or among FAI articles. The average annual change was +2.00% female AOFAS presenters, +0.31% FAI female first authors and -0.37% FAI female senior authors per year.

Conclusion:

Women represented 15.16% of first authors in FAI between 2012 and 2022 but 11.08% of invited speakers at AOFAS meetings. Meanwhile, the percentage of female AOFAS membership in the organization as a whole increased from 7.5% to 13%. Thus, despite historically low rates of representation, female Foot & Ankle surgeons were proportionally represented in 2021 and 2022 among invited national conference presentations and research compared to female society membership and female research publications in FAI. There is still room to increase representation of deserving historically under-represented groups, however the increase in female AOFAS presenters demonstrates a positive trend. Figure 1. Percentage of AOFAS Female Podium Speakers and FAI Female 1st Authors, 2012 - 2022
Glucose Lability and Complications in Diabetic Ankle Fractures
Authors: LeDuc Ryan , Shimizu Michelle , McGregor Patrick C. , Eikani Carlo , Hamid Kamran , Pinzur Michael , Schiff Adam
Published: April 2024

Introduction/Purpose:

Rotational ankle fractures in diabetics have long posed difficult clinical challenges, with several observational studies noting increased risk of complications and amputation following treatment of unstable ankle fractures in diabetics. Several treatment options exist, including non-operative management, external fixation, open reduction internal fixation, staged fixation, and fusion. Hemoglobin A1C produces a mean blood glucose level over a three-month period. There is mounting evidence that glucose variability may be an alternative predictor of complication profile in non-orthopedic procedures, as well as in the total joint arthroplasty literature. The purpose of this investigation is to retrospectively analyze complication rates for diabetics with rotational ankle fractures at a single institution and assess their association with both the hemoglobin A1C and glucose variability.

Methods:

After obtaining Institutional Review Board approval, all patients from 2015-2022 with a diagnosis of diabetes and ankle fracture were retrospectively identified based on ICD-9/ICD-10 codes. These charts were manually reviewed to determine fracture classification and treatment. For operatively and non-operatively managed ankle fractures, the patient’s hemoglobin A1C was recorded when available within 3 months of the date of injury. Glucose variability was calculated using a coefficient of variation.

Results:

Two-hundred patients were included for analysis, of which 29% (n=58) were treated non-operatively. The majority of surgically treated patients underwent acute ORIF (58%, n=116). 8.5% were treated with staged fixation, 3.5% with acute hindfoot fusion, and 1% with external fixation alone. The overall complication rate was 27.5% (n=55). There were no statistically significant differences in both A1C (7.81 +/- 1.89 vs 7.73 +/- 1.96) and glucose variability, as measured by the covariance of variation (0.23 +/- 0.15 vs 0.20 +/- 0.13) in patients who did and did not experience postoperative complications. Higher glucose variability did trend towards predicting complications, though not in a statistically significant fashion (OR=1.57, p=0.35).

Conclusion:

Ankle fractures in patients with diabetes pose a challenge for orthopedic surgeons, as evidenced by the high medical and surgical complication rate observed in this study and others. No statistical significance was found between higher A1C and complication rate or between glucose variability and complication rate. Further investigation on the impact of glucose variability on complication rates in a larger cohort of this patient population is warranted. Univariable logistic Regression Results for the association of the odds of post-operative complication with patient characteristics.
Amableite-(Ce), Na15[(Ce1.5Na1.5)Mn3]Mn2Zr3□Si[Si24O69(OH)3](OH)2⋅H2O, a new eudialyte-group mineral from Saint-Amable Sill, Québec, Canada
Authors: Chukanov Nikita V. , Zolotarev Andrey A. , Schäfer Christof , Varlamov Dmitry A. , Pekov Igor V. , Vigasina Marina F. , Belakovskiy Dmitry I. , Aksenov Sergey M. , Vozchikova Svetlana A. , Britvin Sergey N.
Published: April 2024

The new eudialyte-group mineral amableite-(Ce), ideally Na15[(Ce1.5Na1.5)Mn3]Mn2Zr3□Si[Si24O69(OH)3](OH)2⋅H2O, was discovered in a peralkaline pegmatite at Saint-Amable Sill, Montérégie, Québec, Canada. The associated minerals are albite, microcline, aegirine, serandite, natrolite, yofortierite, and an unidentified titanosilicate forming minute grains. Amableite-(Ce) occurs as yellow equant or thick tabular crystals up to 2 mm across. The observed crystal forms are {0001}; the subordinate forms are {11$\bar{2}$0}, {10$\bar{1}$1}, and {10$\bar{1}$0}. Amableite-(Ce) is brittle, with a Mohs hardness of 5. D(meas) = 2.89(1), D(calc) = 2.899 g⋅cm–3. Amableite-(Ce) is optically anomalously biaxial (+) with α ≈ β = 1.603(2) and γ = 1.608(2). The chemical composition is (wt.%, electron microprobe, H2O measured by means of a modified Penfield method): Na2O 14.20, K2O 0.41, CaO 1.89, MnO 8.25, Fe2O3 2.40, La2O3 3.10, Ce2O3 4.19, Pr2O3 0.16, Nd2O3 0.59, SiO2 49.41, ZrO2 11.17, HfO2 0.24, TiO2 0.68, Nb2О5 1.54, Cl 0.26, H2O 1.70, –O≡Cl –0.06, total 100.13. The crystal structure was determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data and refined to R1 = 0.0423. Amableite-(Ce) is trigonal, space group R3, with a = 14.1340(3) Å, c = 30.3780(11) Å and V = 5255.6(3) Å3. The crystal-chemical formula is (Na12.93K0.27Ce0.06)Σ13.26[(Mn2.49Ce0.30Ca0.21)Σ3.00(Ce1.14Na1.04Ca0.82)Σ3.00](Mn1.05Fe0.90□1.05)Σ3.00(Zr2.85Ti0.12Hf0.03)Σ3.00(□0.40Nb0.36Si0.24)Σ1.00(Si0.88□0.12)Σ1.00[Si24(O70.44(OH)1.56)Σ72.00][(OH)2.20(H2O)1.27]Σ3.47Cl0.22 (Z = 3). Infrared and Raman spectra are given. The strongest lines of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d, Å (I, %)(hkl)] are: 11.34 (51)(101), 7.06 (76)(110), 4.312 (63)(205), 3.783 (38)(033), 3.538 (43)(027, 220), 2.963 (84)($\bar{3}$45), 2.837 (100)(404). The mineral is named after the discovery locality.
Association of leukemic molecular profile with efficacy of inotuzumab ozogamicin in adults with relapsed/refractory ALL
Authors: Zhao Yaqi , Laird A. Douglas , Roberts Kathryn G. , Yafawi Rolla , Kantarjian Hagop , DeAngelo Daniel J. , Stelljes Matthias , Liedtke Michaela , Stock Wendy , Gökbuget Nicola , O’Brien Susan , Jabbour Elias , Cassaday Ryan D. , Loyd Melanie R. , Olsen Scott , Neale Geoffrey , Liu Xueli , Vandendries Erik , Advani Anjali , Mullighan Charles G.
Published: April 2024

The phase 3 INO-VATE trial demonstrated higher rates of remission, measurable residual disease negativity, and improved overall survival for patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who received inotuzumab ozogamicin (InO) vs standard-of-care chemotherapy (SC). Here, we examined associations between genomic alterations and the efficacy of InO. Of 326 randomized patients, 91 (InO, n = 43; SC, n = 48) had samples evaluable for genomic analysis. The spectrum of gene fusions and other genomic alterations observed was comparable with prior studies of adult ALL. Responses to InO were observed in all leukemic subtypes, genomic alterations, and risk groups. Significantly higher rates of complete remission (CR)/CR with incomplete count recovery were observed with InO vs SC in patients with BCR::ABL1–like ALL (85.7% [6/7] vs 0% [0/5]; P = .0076), with TP53 alterations (100% [5/5] vs 12.5% [1/8]; P = .0047), and in the high-risk BCR::ABL1– (BCR::ABL1–like, low-hypodiploid, KMT2A-rearranged) group (83.3% [10/12] vs 10.5% [2/19]; P < .0001). This retrospective, exploratory analysis of the INO-VATE trial demonstrated potential for benefit with InO for patients with R/R ALL across leukemic subtypes, including BCR::ABL1–like ALL, and for those bearing diverse genomic alterations. Further confirmation of the efficacy of InO in patients with R/R ALL exhibiting the BCR::ABL1–like subtype or harboring TP53 alterations is warranted. This trial was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT01564784.
The 2022 review of the 2019 American Society of Hematology guidelines on immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Neunert Cindy E. , Arnold Donald M. , Grace Rachael F. , Kuhne Thomas , McCrae Keith R. , Terrell Deirdra R.
Published: April 2024

The 2019 American Society of Hematology (ASH) guidelines for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) included recommendations on the management of adults (recommendations 1-9) and children (recommendations 10-21) with primary ITP . We describe here the results of a review of the 2019 guidelines by a working group of experts requested by ASH to inform decision-making about the need for and timing of a guideline revision. An updated Medline and Embase search applied the same search terms as in the 2019 ASH guidelines, limited to systematic reviews and clinical trials, from May 2017 to July 2022. There were 193 studies identified, 102 underwent abstract reviews, and 54 full reviews. Each study was assessed based on relevance to the previous recommendation with regard to the population, prioritized outcomes, new outcomes, and study design. Reviewers assessed if the data would change the strength or the directionality of the existing recommendation or merit development of a new recommendation. Based on this review, the ASH Committee on Quality endorsed a focused update on second-line management for adults with ITP. In addition, there will be continued annual monitoring and reviewing of the 2019 ASH guidelines on ITP in full to evaluate when there is sufficient new evidence to warrant additional revisions.
Objective sputum colour assessment and clinical outcomes in bronchiectasis: data from the European Bronchiectasis Registry (EMBARC)
Authors: Aliberti Stefano , Ringshausen Felix C. , Dhar Raja , Haworth Charles S. , Loebinger Michael R. , Dimakou Katerina , Crichton Megan L. , De Soyza Anthony , Vendrell Montse , Burgel Pierre-Regis , McDonnell Melissa , Skrgat Sabina , Maiz Carro Luis , de Roux Andres , Sibila Oriol , Bossios Apostolos , van der Eerden Menno , Kauppi Paula , Wilson Robert , Milenkovic Branislava , Menendez Rosario , Murris Marlene , Borekci Sermin , Munteanu Oxana , Obradovic Dusanka , Nowinski Adam , Amorim Adelina , Torres Antoni , Lorent Natalie , Van Braeckel Eva , Altenburg Josje , Shoemark Amelia , Shteinberg Michal , Boersma Wim , Goeminne Pieter C. , Elborn J. Stuart , Hill Adam T. , Welte Tobias , Blasi Francesco , Polverino Eva , Chalmers James D.
Published: April 2024

Background

A validated 4-point sputum colour chart can be used to objectively evaluate the levels of airway inflammation in bronchiectasis patients. In the European Bronchiectasis Registry (EMBARC), we tested whether sputum colour would be associated with disease severity and clinical outcomes.

Methods

We used a prospective, observational registry of adults with bronchiectasis conducted in 31 countries. Patients who did not produce spontaneous sputum were excluded from the analysis. The Murray sputum colour chart was used at baseline and at follow-up visits. Key outcomes were frequency of exacerbations, hospitalisations for severe exacerbations and mortality during up to 5-year follow-up.

Results

13 484 patients were included in the analysis. More purulent sputum was associated with lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), worse quality of life, greater bacterial infection and a higher bronchiectasis severity index. Sputum colour was strongly associated with the risk of future exacerbations during follow-up. Compared to patients with mucoid sputum (reference group), patients with mucopurulent sputum experienced significantly more exacerbations (incident rate ratio (IRR) 1.29, 95% CI 1.22–1.38; p<0.0001), while the rates were even higher for patients with purulent (IRR 1.55, 95% CI 1.44–1.67; p<0.0001) and severely purulent sputum (IRR 1.91, 95% CI 1.52–2.39; p<0.0001). Hospitalisations for severe exacerbations were also associated with increasing sputum colour with rate ratios, compared to patients with mucoid sputum, of 1.41 (95% CI 1.29–1.56; p<0.0001), 1.98 (95% CI 1.77–2.21; p<0.0001) and 3.05 (95% CI 2.25–4.14; p<0.0001) for mucopurulent, purulent and severely purulent sputum, respectively. Mortality was significantly increased with increasing sputum purulence, hazard ratio 1.12 (95% CI 1.01–1.24; p=0.027), for each increment in sputum purulence.

Conclusion

Sputum colour is a simple marker of disease severity and future risk of exacerbations, severe exacerbations and mortality in patients with bronchiectasis.
Airway remodelling in asthma and the epithelium: on the edge of a new era
Authors: Varricchi Gilda , Brightling Christopher E. , Grainge Christopher , Lambrecht Bart N. , Chanez Pascal
Published: April 2024

Asthma is a chronic, heterogeneous disease of the airways, often characterised by structural changes known collectively as airway remodelling. In response to environmental insults, including pathogens, allergens and pollutants, the epithelium can initiate remodellingviaan inflammatory cascade involving a variety of mediators that have downstream effects on both structural and immune cells. These mediators include the epithelial cytokines thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interleukin (IL)-33 and IL-25, which facilitate airway remodelling through cross-talk between epithelial cells and fibroblasts, and between mast cells and airway smooth muscle cells, as well as through signalling with immune cells such as macrophages. The epithelium can also initiate airway remodelling independently of inflammation in response to the mechanical stress present during bronchoconstriction. Furthermore, genetic and epigenetic alterations to epithelial components are believed to influence remodelling. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the roles of the epithelium and epithelial cytokines in driving airway remodelling, facilitated by developments in genetic sequencing and imaging techniques. We also explore how new and existing therapeutics that target the epithelium and epithelial cytokines could modify airway remodelling.
Retraction Note: Dose selection of central or peripheral administration of sufentanil affect opioid induced cough?: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: He Jiabei , Zhu Ling , Zhu Huichen , Gu Xinyu , Li Peiying , Yang Yuting , Yang Liqun
Published: April 2024

This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-024-02522-9.
Comparison of vonoprazan dual therapy, quadruple therapy and standard quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection in Hainan: a single-center, open-label, non-inferiority, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chen Chen , Zhang Daya , Huang Shimei , Zeng Fan , Li Da , Zhang Xiaodong , Chen Runxiang , Chen Shiju , Wang Jun , Bai Feihu
Published: April 2024

Objective

To compare the potential efficacy and safety of dual therapy and quadruple therapy with vonoprazan (VPZ) as well as the standard quadruple therapy of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in Hainan province.

Methods

A single-centre, non-blinded, non-inferiority randomized controlled trial was conducted at the outpatient department of gastroenterology at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University from June 2022 to February 2023. 135 patients aged 18–75 years with Hp infection were enrolled and randomized into three different groups (group V1: VPZ 20 mg twice a day and amoxicillin 1.0 g three times a day for 14 days V2: vonoprazan 20 mg, amoxicillin capsules 1.0 g, furazolidone 0.1 g and bismuth potassiulm citrate 240 mg, twice daily for 14 days;; group V3: ilaprazole 5 mg, Amoxicillin 1.0 g, Furazolidone 100 mg, bismuth potassiulm citrate 240 mg, twice a day for 14 days). Four weeks after the end of treatment, Hp eradication was confirmed by rechecking 13C-urea breath test (UBT).

Results

The eradication efficacy of V1 and V3 was non-inferior to that of V2, which is consistent with the results obtained from the Kruskal-Wallis H test. The eradication rate by intentional analysis was 84.4% (38/45, 95%CI 73.4%–95.5%, P>0.05) for all the three groups. If analyzed by per-protocol, the eradication rates were 88.4% (38/43, 95%CI 78.4%–98.4%), 92.7% (38/41, 95%CI 84.4%–101.0%),88.4% (38/43，95%CI 78.4%–98.4%) in groups V1, V2 and V3, respectively, which did not show a significant difference (P > 0.05). The incidence of adverse effects was significantly lower in VPZ dual therapy compared to the other two treatment regimens (P < 0.05). VPZ dual therapy or quadruple therapy was also relatively less costly than standard quadruple therapy.

Conclusion

VPZ dual therapy and quadruple therapy shows promise of not being worse than the standard quadruple therapy by a clinically relevant margin. More studies might be needed to definitively determine if the new therapy is equally effective or even superior.