bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extrinsic Calibration of Camera and LiDAR Systems With Three‐Dimensional Towered Checkerboards
Authors: Ren Dexin , Ren Mingwu , Zhang Haofeng
Published: October 2024

With the increasing utilization of cameras and three‐dimensional Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) systems in perception tasks, the fusion of these two sensor modalities has emerged as a prominent research focus in the fields of robotics and unmanned systems. While various extrinsic calibration methods have been developed, they often suffer from limited accuracy when using low‐resolution LiDAR sensors and require the placement of calibration targets at multiple locations. This paper introduces a novel calibration target known as the Three‐Dimensional Towered Checkerboard (3TC), along with a precise and straightforward extrinsic calibration approach for camera‐LiDAR systems. The 3TC consists of stacked cubes adorned with planar or 2D checkerboards, which provide the known positions of checkerboard corner points in three‐dimensional space. Leveraging the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm, the proposed method calculates the spatial relationship between LiDAR point cloud data and the 3TC model to infer the positions of checkerboard corner points in the LiDAR coordinate system. Subsequently, the Perspective‐n‐Point (PnP) algorithm is employed to establish the correlation between corner positions in the LiDAR coordinate system and the camera image, given the intrinsic parameters of the camera. By ensuring an adequate number of cubes and 2D checkerboards on a specific 3TC, along with accurately estimated corner point positions in LiDAR, a single frame of data from both the camera and LiDAR facilitates their extrinsic calibration. Experimental validations conducted across diverse camera and LiDAR systems, achieving minimal error close to the theoretical limit of the devices, attest to the robustness and precision of the 3TC and the proposed calibration methodology.
Exploring the Anti‐Inflammatory Potential of Ajuga integrifolia Leaves Extract: In Vitro Dual Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Enzymes
Authors: Endalew Sisay Awoke , Abebaw Belete Tesfaw
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the anti‐inflammatory properties of Ajuga integrifolia, an herbal preparation. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses were conducted to identify active compounds in the preparation. The researchers also assessed its ability to inhibit the production of pro‐inflammatory enzymes, cyclooxygenases (COX‐1, COX‐2), and lipoxygenase (5‐LOX) in vitro. The extracts demonstrated dose‐dependent inhibition of these enzymes, with some extracts showing IC50 values comparable to standard anti‐inflammatory drugs. The ethanol extract exhibited significant inhibition of 5‐LOX (52.99 μg/mL), compared to the standard drug zileuton (32.41 μg/mL), while the inhibition of COX‐1 (66.00 μg/mL) and COX‐2 (71.62 μg/mL) was comparable to the standard drug indomethacin (40.57 and 54.39 μg/mL, respectively). These findings suggest that A. integrifolia has the potential to be used as a herbal remedy for treating inflammatory conditions. By inhibiting pro‐inflammatory enzymes, the extracts may effectively reduce inflammation and promote tissue healing or repair. The inhibition potential of extract of this plant can be taken as a good candidate of anti‐inflammatory agent.
Chemical and Biological Changes Under Force Degradation and Acceleration Condition of the Combination of Ha‐Rak Remedy, Piper betle, and Garcinia mangostana Extracts for Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Saesiw Ubonwan , Ruangnoo Srisopa , Itharat Arunporn , Sriumpai Pattama
Published: October 2024

Herbal medicine could be an option for atopic dermatitis (AD) treatment for those suffering from global public health. HMB is a new combination of three herb extracts, consisting of the Ha‐Rak (HR) remedy extract, Piper betle (PB) extract, and Garcinia mangostana (GM) extract in equal proportions, using Thai traditional medicine theory, that uses a combination of medications that can improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects and toxicity. HMB extract has anti‐inflammatory and antiallergic properties, is a component for AD treatment, and tends to develop topical products. Drug registration requires stability data. Results from drug stability testing affect not only the efficacy of the drug but also its safety. The aim of this study was to investigate stability through forced degradation and an accelerated study of extracts. Chemical content analysis and in vitro biological activities such as anti‐inflammatory and antiallergic activities determined the effects of all examined samples. Anti‐inflammatory and antiallergic effects were assessed by inhibiting nitric oxide synthesis in RAW 264.7 cells and β‐hexosaminidase release in RBL‐2H3 cells, respectively. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assessed content indicators. Moisture and temperature hydrolysis had no significant differences in the chemical or biological properties of the HMB. However, the HMB demonstrated sensitivity to alkaline hydrolysis, showed low anti‐inflammatory activity, and decreased hydroxychavicol, eugenol, and α‐mangostin contents. The contents of the three compounds also decrease with acid hydrolysis. For the accelerated study, anti‐inflammatory and antiallergic effects and hydroxychavicol amount were not significantly different after 180 days at 40°C and 75% RH. Therefore, the contents of eugenol and α‐mangostin were changed. Eugenol in HMB decreased significantly from the 15th day until the 180th day of storage. In addition, α‐mangostin amounts in HMB decreased slightly on 180th day. Fortunately, reducing the two chemicals did not affect anti‐inflammatory or antiallergic effects. For stability, combination extract should be stored in a closed container in the refrigerator at a low temperature and protected from light, high temperature, oxygen, and pH. Further HMB development should avoid pH or oxidation processes or components.
Malaria and HIV/AIDS Coinfection in Patients Under Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy at the Regional Hospital of Bafoussam (West Cameroon)
Authors: Tankoua-Tchounda Romeo , Nack Jacques , Nchetnkou Christian Mbohou , Tchankwe Desire Leonard Keptcheu , Lontsi-Demano Michel , Essangui Estelle , Djimefo Alex Kevin Tako , Lehman Leopold Gustave
Published: October 2024

Background: Malaria and HIV/AIDS are the two most common infections responsible for morbidity and mortality in sub‐Saharan Africa. The studies were carried out worldwide. However, no study has targeted HIV‐positive patients at the Bafoussam Regional Hospital (West Cameroon), one approved treatment center, where patients are adhering well to their HIV treatment. The objective of this study was to identify the Plasmodium species and to determine the prevalence of the malaria parasite in relationship with associated factors in HIV+ patients followed at the Bafoussam Regional Hospital.

Methods: A prospective study included 585 patients who responded to the questionnaires from May to December 2021. Parents or legal guardians of children under 15 responded on their behalf on knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards malaria. Venous blood samples collected in EDTA tubes were subjected to malaria diagnosis by rapid tests (Standard Diagnostics Boline), and the results were confirmed by microscopy. The blood count was undertaken on hematology analyzer (Mindray Company, Shenzhen, China).

Results:Plasmodium vivax (4.3%) and mostly Plasmodium falciparum (95.7%) were identified. In this study population, 46 (7.9%) of the patients carried one or the other Plasmodium species, and 532 (90.9%) had undetectable HIV viral loads. The prevalence of malaria was significantly higher among those using traditional pharmacopoeia (9 (16.7%)) compared to patients taking generic treatments (37 (7.0%)) (p < 0.01; OR: 2.69). Factors associated with malaria prevalence, such as sociodemographic characteristics, viral load, type of protocol, duration of antiretroviral treatment, monthly income, subdivision, and knowledge attitudes and practices towards malaria, showed no significant differences (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: This study showed that HIV+ patients were carriers of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax with an appreciable overall prevalence. The only factor influencing the prevalence of malaria was using traditional medicine.
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: Investigating Vessel Density Changes Induced by Caffeine in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Jacobs Mitchell , Demas Nicholas , Hemesath Angela , Turski Christopher , Fowler Nicholas , Chadwell John Benjamin , Dupont Alec , Kupper Victoria , Acharya Kishor , Robbins Sarah , Heier Kory , Maldonado Ramiro
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Caffeine, the most widely consumed psychoactive drug globally, has been associated with vascular changes in various organs, including the retina. Researchers have reported vascular constriction in the retina in response to caffeine, although data on its effects remain limited and somewhat contradictory. Further research is needed to clarify the specific impact of caffeine on retinal blood vessels and its potential implications for ocular health.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of 200 mg of caffeine on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and retinal vessel density (VD) assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: Prospective randomized, double‐blind placebo‐controlled, IRB‐approved study in 59 healthy low caffeine users (< 136 mg of caffeine daily). Baseline 3 × 3 and 6 × 6 mm OCTA scans centered on the fovea as well as a 6 × 6 mm scans centered on the optic nerve head (ONH) were obtained. Participants were randomly assigned into caffeine group (CG, n = 42) receiving 200 mg caffeine pill or placebo group (PG, n = 17). OCTA scans were repeated at 60 and 120 min after intervention. VD was measured with Advanced Retina Imaging (ARI) network software (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) for superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP). SBP/DBP readings were recorded before each imaging session. Ordinary one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of each group was performed using GraphPad Prism Version 9.3.0.

Results: Both groups had comparable demographics and OCTA parameters at baseline. Two hours after intervention, the CG had a significantly higher SBP (123 ± 7 mmHg) and DBP (81 ± 5 mmHg) compared to the control group (118 ± 7 mmHg, 77 ± 6 mmHg) (p value = 0.012, 0.023). Regarding the OCTA VD metrics, there were no significant differences in VD between the caffeine and placebo groups, regardless of whether the scans were centered on the macula or ONH. Additionally, the comparison across different OCTA scan modalities, specifically the 3 × 3 mm and 6 × 6 mm scans, showed no discernible differences among groups.

Conclusion: In conclusion, 200 mg of caffeine elevated blood pressure after 2 h but did not impact the retinal VD. This underscores the intricate relationship between caffeine, blood pressure, and retinal vascular dynamics, prompting further exploration of their implications for ocular health, especially in subjects with vascular disease.
Revealing the Synergistic Anticancer Efficacy of Curcumin and Iota‐Carrageenan‐Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles Derived From Solieria robusta
Authors: Mohan Ganesan , K. M. Adila Farisa , Kadri Mohammad Sibtain , Sudhakar M. P. , Arunkumar Kulanthaiyesu , Abdi Gholamreza
Published: October 2024

In this study, a red seaweed (Solieria robusta) containing ι‐carrageenan (Carr) was used for nanoparticles (NPs) synthesis using silver (Ag) ions. Initially, the ι‐Carr was extracted from S. robusta using the alkali method. The Carr extracted was fractionated into 3 fractions and > 14 kDa fraction showing high yield with maximum sulfate content characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) as ι‐Carr was used for AgNPs synthesis. The synthesized CarrAgNPs were again used for curcumin (Cur) encapsulation. The cytotoxicity of Carr, Cur, CarrAgNPs, and CurCarrAgNPs was evaluated using HeLa cell lines by MTT assay. The CarrAgNPs and CurCarrAgNPs were characterized using UV‐visible spectroscopy, as well as FT‐IR and XRD analysis. The UV‐visible spectrum confirms the CarrAgNPs showing characteristic SPR bands recorded between 344 and 490 nm with broad peak at 430 nm. The shape of the NPs is spherical, arranged in order of seven per chain. The XRD and FT‐IR characteristics confirm the orthorhombic crystal structure of these NPs. Remarkably, Cur‐loaded CarrAgNPs demonstrate potent anticancer properties by maximum reduction of HeLa cell viability after 24 h at 200 μg/mL in pH 7.4 in an MTT assay medium. A significant increase in the cancer cell viability was recorded at high concentrations of CurCarrAgNPs, confirming its less diffusion and dissolution properties and bioavailability due to lipophilic Cur encapsulation, whereas cytotoxicity was increased proportionately by increasing concentrations of Cur, Carr, and CarrAgNPs that confirm a direct relation with size, dissolution, and bioavailability recorded on the basis of cell death in 24 h of introduction at pH 7.4. The cytotoxicity results suggest the potential of Cur, Carr, CarrAgNPs, and CurCarrAgNPs for drug delivery in selective biomedical product developments. This study highlights the versatility and effectiveness of CurCarrAgNPs in cancer therapy by enhancing the efficacy of therapeutic interventions and targeted drug delivery.
Prediction of Self‐Flow Production in Segmented Hydraulic Fractured Horizontal Shale Wells Based on EDFM
Authors: Jianning Zhang , Weijun Kong , Lifeng Li , Shuzheng Su , Yao Huang , Kui Zhu , Guoji Shi , Meidan Zhang
Published: October 2024

Terrestrial shale oil resources in China are abundant. However, its development in China is still in the early stages. And its scale of transformation and production systems is still being explored. Currently, reservoir numerical simulation on shale oil reservoirs faces two main challenges: (1) multiscale flow of matrix–microfracture–hydraulic fractures in shale oil reservoirs and (2) bidirectional coupling of reservoir–wellbore–nozzle systems. This paper proposes a self‐flow model for horizontal shale wells that describes multiscale fractures and production controlled by the nozzle. The model integrates the embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM), pipe flow model, and nozzle flow model. The accuracy of the model has been validated through comparisons with other reference models and field data. Then, this study analyzes the effects of different natural fracture densities, horizontal section lengths, number of fracturing stages, and nozzle diameters on the production capacity during the self‐flow period. The results indicate that reservoirs with developed natural fractures can enhance the development efficiency during the self‐flow period, and appropriate horizontal section lengths and fracturing stages contribute to achieving maximum economic benefits in development. Additionally, smaller nozzle diameters lead to longer self‐flow periods and higher cumulative production. The research findings of this paper can be applied to simulate the production of hydraulic fractured horizontal shale wells.
Triptolide‐Loaded Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Exosomes Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Acute Lung Injury via Induction of Nrf‐2/HO‐1 Signaling Pathway–Dependent Autophagy and Mitigation of MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Ying , Pan Fan , Xu Xiaotao , Jiao Zhihua , Xie Hong , Wang Aizhong
Published: October 2024

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe disease characterized by a pulmonary inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Triptolide has been demonstrated to have anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Herein, we present triptolide‐loaded mesenchymal stem cell–derived exosomes (MSC‐Exos) as a multifunctional biomimetic delivery system (Tri‐Exos) for targeting injured lung tissue. The therapeutic effect of Tri‐Exos on ALI was evaluated by measuring inflammatory cytokines content, the expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO), the number of immune cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Subsequently, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to assess the expression levels of critical proteins in the nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf‐2) signaling pathway, autophagy pathway, apoptosis, and MAPK signaling pathway. The experimental results showed that LPS significantly increased pathological damage, secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress in lung tissue. However, treatment with Tri‐Exos significantly alleviated this series of pathological changes. Tri‐Exos significantly upregulated the expression of Nrf‐2 signaling pathway–related proteins, autophagy, and apoptosis and inhibited the expression of MAPK signaling pathway‐related proteins in the ALI model. Our study showed that Tri‐Exos exerted a therapeutic effect on LPS‐induced ALI by regulating the Nrf‐2 signaling pathway–dependent autophagy and MAPK signaling pathway.
Chemical Content by LC–MS/MS, Antiglaucoma, and Antioxidant Activity of Propolis Samples From Different Regions of Türkiye
Authors: İzol Ebubekir , Bursal Ercan , Yapıcı İsmail , Abdullah Yilmaz Mustafa , Yilmaz İsa , Gülçin İlhami
Published: October 2024

Propolis is a sticky substance produced by bees because of the reaction of beeswax, pollen, and bee enzymes. Particularly, their biological activity and chemical content attract attention. Thus, in this study, the total amount of phenolic and flavonoid substances, Fe3+‐Fe2+, Cu2+ (cupric ions reducing activity [CUPRAC]), and Fe3+‐TPTZ (ferric ions reducing antioxidant power [FRAP]) reducing, and DPPH• and ABTS•+ scavenging assays in vitro antioxidant properties of propolis samples obtained from four different provinces of Türkiye were determined. In addition, the chemical content of propolis samples was quantitatively determined by LC–MS/MS, and the antiglaucoma property was revealed by hCAII enzyme inhibition. Propolis samples from Ordu presented the highest amounts of total phenolic and flavonoid content (492.3 ± 5.8 and 96.1 ± 2.1, respectively) and also highest antioxidant activity (DPPH• and ABTS•+ IC50 [μg/mL]: 8.884 ± 0.84 and 4.589 ± 0.80, respectively; Fe+3, CUPRAC, and FRAP: 1.051 ± 0.012, 1.021 ± 0.008, and 0.957 ± 0.007 μg/mL, respectively). hCAII enzyme inhibition was highest in Muş propolis (IC50 [μg/mL]: 8.6) as determined. By LC–MS/MS, 53 different components were screened and 35 bioactive components were determined. According to the results, propolis was found to be a raw material because it contains high concentrations of acacetin, chrysin, caffeic acid, and quinic acid (123.824, 24.759, 47.779, and 16.32 mg analyte/g extract, respectively).
The Protective Activity of Withania somnifera Against Mercuric Chloride (HgCl2)‐Induced Renal Toxicity in Male Rats
Authors: Rabey Haddad A. El , Rezk Samar M. , Abusaber Aseel , Khlabi Rwaah , Alhawiti Ayah H. , M. Algorayed Romana , Bakry Nadia
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to test the protective effect of Withania somnifera (WS) against the harmful effects of mercuric chloride (HgCl2)‐induced kidney failure at the histological, biochemical, and immune levels in Wistar rats. The study assessed the biochemical and immunological changes in five groups (n = 6): Group 1 (G1) was the negative control, and the other rats received a single subcutaneous dose of HgCl2 (2.5 mg/kg in 0.5 mL of 0.9% saline solution) and randomly divided into 4 groups. Group 2 (G2) was the positive control and left without treatment. Groups 3, 4, and 5 (G3, G4, and G5) were treated with different doses of WS root powder for 30 days. The HgCl2‐positive group showed significant signs of renal toxicity as reflected by increased levels of kidney function parameters (blood urea nitrogen, urea, and creatinine), inflammatory biomarkers, immunological indices (SDF‐1, IL‐6, NGAL, and KIM‐1), and oxidative stress (SOD, TAC, CAT, GSH, and MDA). The positive group rats also showed drastic pathological changes in renal tissues. Different doses of WS treatment significantly reduced the levels of all biochemical markers and decreased pathological damage to the kidney tissues. The antioxidant, phenolic, and flavonoid constituents of WS root powder helped protect rats’ kidneys against HgCl2‐induced kidney toxicity in male rats.
Some Topological Characteristics of q‐Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Metric Space
Authors: Shahid Lariab , Rashid Maliha , Azam Akbar , Hussain Aftab , Basendwah Ghada Ali
Published: October 2024

This paper introduced a novel concept of q‐rung orthopair fuzzy (q‐ROF) metric spaces, in connection with the idea of q‐ROF sets, which generalizes well‐known concepts of fuzzy metric spaces and intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces. An elaborated example has been provided representing the increase in selection space due to the q‐ROF metric and limitations for the case of intuitionistic fuzzy metric space. We have presented the definitions of introduced concepts along with examples, so they are way more understandable for readers. Some basic topological results have been defined and proved for q‐ROF metric space. The concept of q‐ROF Menger boundedness is introduced, and its application in game theory is presented. Also we have presented the significance of introduced metric compared to existing versions of fuzzy metric in the consequent sections. Baire’s theorem and uniform limit theorem are also established in the perspective of q‐ROF metric spaces. An application of the obtained results in the field of game theory is also presented to draw the attention of investigators searching new fields of research.
In Vitro Evaluation of Wound Healing, Stemness Potentiation, Antioxidant Activity, and Phytochemical Profile of Cucurbita moschata Duchesne Fruit Pulp Ethanolic Extract
Authors: Phiboonchaiyanan Preeyaporn Plaimee , Harikarnpakdee Saraporn , Songsak Thanapat , Chowjarean Verisa
Published: October 2024

Wound healing comprises an intricate process to repair damaged tissue. Research on plant extracts with properties to expedite wound healing has been of interest, particularly their ability to enhance the stemness of keratinocyte stem cells. Hence, the present study aims to determine the wound healing and stemness potentiation properties of an ethanolic extract derived from Cucurbita moschata fruit pulp (PKE). Human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and primary skin fibroblast cells were used in this study. The migration of the cells was examined by using a scratch wound healing assay, and spheroid behavior was determined by using a spheroid formation assay. The proteins related to migration and stemness were further measured by using Western blotting to explore the mechanism of action of PKE. The methods used to evaluate PKE’s antioxidant properties were 2,2‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and superoxide anion radical scavenging (SOSA) assays. The phytochemistry of the PKE was investigated using phytochemical screening and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The results of this study indicate that nontoxic concentrations of PKE increase the rate of migration and spheroid formation. Mechanistically, PKE increased the expression of the migratory‐related protein active FAK (phosphorylated FAK), and the subsequence increased the level of p‐AKT. The expression of stem cell marker CD133, upstream protein signaling β‐catenin, and self‐renewal transcription factor Nanog was increased. The PKE also possessed scavenging properties against DPPH, ABTS, and SOSA. The phytochemistry analyses exhibited the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, xanthones, triterpenes, and steroids. Additionally, bioactive compounds such as ɑ‐tocopherol, riboflavin, protocatechuic acid, β‐carotene, and luteolin were detected. The presence of these chemicals in PKE may contribute to its antioxidant, stem cell potentiation, and wound‐healing effects. The findings could be beneficial in the identification of valuable natural resources that possess the capacity to be used in the process of wound healing through the potentiation of stemness via a readily detectable molecular mechanism.
Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude of General Practitioners Regarding Autism and Associated Factors at Gondar University Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia
Authors: Mengesha Assefa Kebad , Beyna Alemante Tafese , Kidanu Gemtew Enyew , Misker Melshew Fenta , Ayele Habtamu Semagne
Published: October 2024

Background: The neurodevelopmental conditions known as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) start in early childhood and last the entirety of a person’s life. They are characterized by distorted social interaction, difficulties communicating, and repetitive, stereotypical behavior.

Objective: This study sought to evaluate general practitioners (GPs)’ attitudes and knowledge of ASDs and related factors at Gondar University Hospital.

Methods: An institutional‐based cross‐sectional study design was used. Using a convenience‐sample method, three‐hundred sixty individuals were chosen for this study. Data were collected using a self‐administered questionnaire. The GPs who took part in this survey were characterized by descriptive statistics. The relationship between the dependent variables (knowledge and attitude) and the sociodemographic characteristics was examined using an independent two‐sample t‐test and Pearson correlation analysis. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Version 25 was used for all data analyses.

Results: In this study, the GPs had an average age of 31.82 years, with an average of 18 years since graduation and 16 years of practice. Participants’ average overall knowledge and attitude scores on autism were 15.83 (SD = 3.27) and 29.54 (SD = 3.21), respectively, both falling within the moderate range. Using an independent t‐test, we found a significant difference (p < 0.001) between the attitudes of male and female GPs regarding autism. The study also identified weakly significant correlations between GPs’ age and their attitudes toward autism (r = 0.271 ∗∗, p < 0.001) and between years of practice and attitudes (r = 0.105 ∗, p = 0.046). However, no significant correlations emerged between GPs’ knowledge and their age, years since graduation, or years of practice (r = 0.069, p = 0.194; r = 0.069, p = 0.193; and r = −0.053, p = 0.312, respectively). In addition, we observed a weakly significant association (r = 0.004 ∗∗, p < 0.001) between GPs’ knowledge and their attitudes about autism.

Conclusion: Based on their total scores, the participants had a moderate level of knowledge and attitudes toward autism. There was a favorable correlation found between the study subjects’ attitudes regarding autism and their age, as well as their practice year. Furthermore, a clear correlation was observed between GPs’ attitudes and their understanding of autism.
Management of Fecal Incontinence: Etiology, Diagnostic Approach, and Conservative Therapy
Authors: Pehl Christian
Published: October 2024

Background: Fecal incontinence is a common problem especially in the elderly resulting in a reduced quality of life. Summary: The etiology of fecal incontinence is often multifactorial with little options for a causal therapy. The mechanisms causing incontinence can be detected by sophisticated methods in most of the patients. Using therapeutic algorithms, incontinence can be improved or even continence restored in many patients. Key Messages: Diagnostic work-up starts with history, digital investigation, and anoproctoscopy. The specialist will further investigate with anorectal manometry, anal endosonography, and electromyography of the external anal sphincter muscle. Nonoperative therapy comprises hygienic methods, medical therapy, intraanal electrostimulation, and training methods like pelvic floor exercises or biofeedback. Second-line conservative therapies are tibial nerve stimulation, transanal irrigation, or anal inserts.
More than Meets the “I”: A Panoramic View of Epistemic Trust in Psychotherapy
Authors: Fisher Shimrit , Fonagy Peter , Zilcha-Mano Sigal
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Epistemic trust (ET), the authenticity and personal relevance we assign to interpersonally transmitted knowledge, is considered an essential component of any effective therapy. Despite its clinical significance, comprehensive empirical support is still lacking regarding whether ET is an inherent characteristic of the patient or acts as a catalyst for therapeutic change. Consequently, unlike other critical components, a clear distinction between its aspects – the patient’s attributes, the therapist’s contribution, and their unique therapeutic relationship – remains elusive, leaving our understanding incomplete. The current study examines the constituents of ET in therapy and its related effects through three distinct lenses: a blended snapshot lens, a prognostic lens, and a lens focusing on state-like changes. The constituents of ET were measured as follows: patient attributes were measured using attachment orientation and interpersonal functioning scales; therapist contribution was evaluated through scales assessing the therapist’s use of techniques; and the patient-therapist therapeutic relationship was gauged using the working alliance scale. Methods: We collected and analyzed data from 116 patients who participated in manualized psychodynamic psychotherapy sessions to investigate the trait-like and state-like components of ET. Results: The results offer a comprehensive panoramic view with small to medium, but meaningful, correlations between ET and patients’ attributes (ranging from 0.18 to −0.26); therapists’ contributions (ranging between 0.15 and 0.28); and the patient-therapist therapeutic relationship (ranging between 0.17 and 0.23). Conclusion: While some findings were consistent with our expectations, others were contrary, highlighting the necessity of considering the variations between and within patients as they have distinct theoretical, clinical, and empirical implications. Employing these three distinct lenses helps therapists gain a better understanding of the clinical picture reflected by the patient over different treatment periods. This broad perspective is of prognostic importance and encourages clinicians to adjust the treatment focus to meet the evolving needs of their patients.
Cryptic diversity of Leurus wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Metopiinae), parasitoids of caterpillars in Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica
Authors: ZUÑIGA RONALD , VALERIO ALEJANDRO A. , HANSON PAUL , SMITH M. ALEX , HALLWACHS WINNIE , JANZEN DANIEL H.
Published: October 2024

As a consequence of COI barcoding hundreds of reared specimens of what appeared to be Leurus caeruliventris, a parasitoid of leaf-rolling Crambidae (Lepidoptera) from the Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica, and matching them with their host caterpillars and morphological traits, we describe ten new sympatric species and redescribe L. caeruliventris. The new species, authored by Zuñiga & Valerio, are: Leurus billeberhardi, L. henrytownesi, L. hugokonsi, L. iangauldi, L. jesusugaldei, L. marjorietownesae, L. maryjanewestae, L. pammitchellae, L. sondrawardae, and L. wahli. We also provide an illustrated key to the eleven species and an ecological glimpse into the lives of these very similar wasp species.
New Cernotina Ross 1938 (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae) from Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil
Authors: PIRES MARCOS ADRIANO RIBEIRO , PES ANA MARIA , CAMARGOS LUCAS M. , HAMADA NEUSA
Published: October 2024

Two new species of the caddisfly genus Cernotina (Polycentropodidae) are described from the Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor (PNSD), Acre, Brazil, Cernotina chicomendes sp. nov. and Cernotina divisor sp. nov. These two new species represent the first polycentropodids described from Acre State. Additionally, we update records for Cernotina hastilis Flint 1996 and Cernotina waorani Camargos, Ríos-Touma & Holzenthal 2017, including a distribution map for all the species mentioned here. We further emphasize the importance of protected areas for biodiversity conservation, especially the PNSD, which has recently faced threats due to a proposed road within its boundaries.
HALOBATES: An Autonomous Surface Vehicle for High-Resolution Mapping of the Sea Surface Microlayer and Near-Surface Layer on Essential Climate Variables
Authors: Wurl Oliver , Gassen Lisa , Badewien Thomas H. , Braun Axel , Emig Sven , Holthusen Lina A. , Lehners Carola , Meyerjürgens Jens , Ribas Mariana Ribas
Published: October 2024

Essential climate variables (ECVs) are physical, chemical, or biological parameters supporting the characterization of the climate system. The oceanic ECVs temperature and salinity have been defined for the sea surface (upper 1 mm) and bulk water (upper 2 m). Direct observation and sampling of the sea surface from ships and buoys are limited due to the potential loss of integrity of the sea surface and contamination by the research platform. The design, development, and operation of a research vehicle with autonomous capabilities based on commercially available components are described in this study. The autonomous operation and fully automated sampling enable high-resolution mapping of the sea surface microlayer (SML), i.e., the upper < 1-mm layer and the near-surface layer (<1.2 m). Sampling the SML is based on a rotating glass disk sampler. The autonomous surface vehicle HALOBATES has been equipped with multiple conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) sensors in a flow-through system to measure both sea surface and bulk temperature and salinity. The performance of the autopilot under various scenarios is demonstrated. Typical anomalies of ECVs within the SML and near-surface layer are evident and forced by both atmospheric and oceanic processes. Data analyses reveal HALOBATES’ ability to resolve thermohaline structure on different spatial and temporal scales, for example, small-scale freshwater lenses and thermohaline changes across oceanic fronts. The integration of an acoustic Doppler current profiler supports the interpretation of thermohaline structures. HALOBATES is a platform with cutting-edge technology for understanding climate-related processes between the ocean and atmosphere and providing high-resolution sea surface data for validating satellite products of ECVs.

Significance Statement

An autonomous surface vehicle was developed to address the challenges in the in situ measurement of essential climate variables at the sea surface (upper 1 mm) and near-surface layer (upper 1 m) of the ocean. Autonomous operation for up to 12 h and fully automated sampling enable high-resolution mapping of the sea surface and near-surface layers. The ability of the vehicle to resolve thermohaline structures at various spatial and temporal scales is demonstrated, providing valuable data on freshwater fluxes (evaporation minus precipitation) between the ocean and the atmosphere. This cutting-edge technology enhances the understanding of climate-related processes, offering crucial “sea surface data” for validating satellite products of essential climate variables.
The Road to Eliminating Energy Poverty: Does Renewable Energy Technology Innovation Work?
Authors: Wu Haitao , Wang Zhen , Zhong Ruohan , Qu Yuanfeng , Hao Yu
Published: October 2024

Under the constraint of carbon neutrality targets, the issue of energy poverty has garnered increasing concerns. This study aims to measure energy poverty and assess the impact of renewable energy technology innovation in 30 provinces across China. Furthermore, it calculates city-level energy poverty in 274 cities. By examining the influence of renewable energy technology innovation on energy poverty, this study proposes a new approach to accelerate energy transition and promote sustainable development. The regression results, which have undergone rigorous robustness and endogeneity tests, demonstrate that renewable energy technology innovation significantly alleviates energy poverty. Moreover, the treatment effect of policies is determined through the regression control method. Specifically, the cities of Zhangjiakou, Baotou, and Qiqihar are analyzed to provide targeted suggestions for China’s energy development. The treatment effects of both provincial and city-level policies indicate that implementing renewable energy demonstration zones can effectively alleviate energy poverty.

JEL Classification: Q48; O31
Disability Status and Early Suicide Risk Among Children With and Without a History of Suspensions/Expulsions
Authors: Harrell Danielle R. , Green Ambra L. , Shuman Janine , Brown Aundraea
Published: October 2024

Suicidal behaviors are relatively common among children, yet literature concerning the associated risks remains limited. Using a cumulative risk model, this study examined the effects of disability status, suspensions/expulsions, school disconnectedness, and negative peer relationships on suicidal behaviors. Data used were from The Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study, which yielded an analytic sample ( N = 2,463) that was majority male (52%), was Black and Hispanic (81%), and had an average age of 9.3 years. Using multivariate logistic regression with subgroup analysis, negative peer relationships and being male were associated with suicidal ideation in children without a history of suspension/expulsion. On the contrary, children with a history of suspension/expulsion and a disability status had three times higher odds of suicidal ideation in comparison to children with no disability status. These findings have important research and practical implications, which are discussed.
On delivery waiting: The entanglement of gig and border temporalities in platform cities
Authors: Diz Carlos , Casas-Cortés Maribel
Published: October 2024

The politics of time, and particularly practices of waiting, spring in the narratives of any border crossing. This article draws from the scholarly analysis on migratory temporalities, to shed light upon the temporalities of urban delivery platforms, strongholds of migrant labor. We focus on waiting both as a research object and analytical lens to further comprehend the intersectional precarities at work in the food-delivery sector. What does the border tempos have to do with a delivered meal? Based on ethnographic research conducted in Spain and Chile, we gathered two sets of distinct temporalities coming together: on the one hand, the codified periodization of migratory statuses; on the other, the uncertain timing of speed and still, labor and no/labor of digital gigs. The intersection where the border and delivery chronopolitics come together remains understudied. Drawing on select empirical examples, delivery waiting emerges as a central and ambivalent practice among riders’ everyday lives.
Self-perceived attitudes of Italian oncology nurses towards clinical trial involvement: A cohort observational study
Authors: Vitale Elsa , Lupo Roberto , Conte Luana , Mea Rocco , Rubbi Ivan , Iacovelli Serena , De Nunzio Giorgio , Massafra Raffaella
Published: October 2024

Background:

Literature is lacking when it comes to oncology nursing attitudes in clinical trial involvement.

Objective:

To assess how Italian oncology nurses perceived their attitudes in clinical trials involvement.

Methods:

An on-line cohort observational study was carried out. Data collected included: sex, years of work experience in oncology field and 10 items assessing participants’ self-perceptions of their attitudes in clinical trials. Linear regression was used to assess associations between work experience and self-perceived preparedness.

Results:

A total of 338 Italian oncology nurses were enrolled. Most nurses declared not receiving any specific training in oncology clinical trials (23.1%). No significant associations were reported between self- perceived attitudes in clinical trial involvement in the oncology setting and both work experience and clinical trial involvement.

Conclusions:

Cancer centers are improving cancer nursing research in supplying clinical care. But very few centers are involved in training oncology nurses. This gap seems to be very deep in taking into consideration the oncology nursing research in clinical trials, too.
Optimization design of assembly sequence for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks with dimensional errors
Authors: Liao Shuxin , Qiu Diankai , Yi Peiyun , Peng Linfa
Published: October 2024

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stacks are assembled by numerous bipolar plates (BPPs) and membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs). Component manufacturing errors are inevitably caused during the production process and brought into the stack, affecting the mechanical consistency of every cell. Aiming to improve the uniformity of the assembled stack effectively, this paper establishes a novel assembly deviation model based on the asymptotic homogenization (AH) method and proposes an assembly sequence optimization approach for the stack with dimensional errors using the genetic algorithm. The results reveal that dimensional errors significantly affect the equivalent mechanical properties of the stack. Reasonable matching of components with different types of dimensional errors is an effective method to avoid the cumulative negative impacts on the mechanical behavior of the stack. Statistically, the optimization of the assembly sequence can improve contact pressure uniformity in a 10-cell stack by more than 9.00%, while reducing the maximum contact pressure by 15.55%. This methodology is also applicable to improving the assembly uniformity of other stacked structures.
Modeling takeover time for non-driving related tasks using hybrid deep neural networks in conditionally automated vehicles
Authors: Wang Dan , Zhu Yueying , Lin Yier
Published: October 2024

To enhance the safety of the transition from autonomous to manual driving control, one of the key factors is quantifying the safe takeover transition, namely the takeover time. Previous studies have focused on factors influencing takeover time and predicting takeover time using traditional methods, but there is a lack of research utilizing deep learning networks and driver physiological factors for takeover time prediction. Toward this end, we propose a hybrid deep learning network model dedicated to predicting drivers’ takeover time with a dataset obtained from a bench experiment involving 46 drivers. Firstly, to address the potential information loss commonly associated with traditional manual feature extraction techniques, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is developed to automatically extract physiological spatial representations from drivers. Additionally, a double-layer bidirectional long short-term memory network (DBiLSTM) is incorporated to model the physiological time representation dimension, enabling a more refined representation of physiological signals. Then, to tackle the complexities introduced by individual driver variations, a self-attention mechanism is enabling the model to automatically prioritize critical features, thereby enhancing the accuracy and reliability of its predictions. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach surpasses traditional machine learning network models in predictive accuracy for takeover time prediction, thereby exhibiting novelty in the field of vehicle takeover control research. This provides a more reliable technical foundation for anticipating the durations of vehicle takeovers.
Challenges of Cell Counting in Cell Therapy Products
Authors: Liu Muyun , Chu Wanglong , Guo Tao , Zeng Xiuping , Shangguan Yan , He Fangtao , Liang Xiao
Published: October 2024

Cell counting is a common and fundamental cell measurement technique that plays a crucial role in the development and quality control of cell therapy products. However, accurate and reliable cell counting can be challenging owing to the complexity of cell preparations, diverse counting purposes, and various counting methods. This review summarizes the challenges encountered in cell counting for cell therapy products and provides strategies to improve the cell counting accuracy, thereby guiding the counting process and ensuring the quality of cell therapy products.
Development of an Analysis of Alternatives Tool for Human-Agent Teaming Research
Authors: Nguyen Daniel , Cohen Myke C. , Rebensky Summer , Knight Ramisha , Ficke Cherrise , Fortier Lauren , Fegley Brent
Published: October 2024

As human-agent teaming (HAT) research continues to proliferate, it becomes more difficult for both HAT researchers and agent developers to stay abreast of the literature. To this end, we developed an analysis of alternatives tool that enables The Contextual Labeling of Analytical Information into Relevant Valuable Options to Yield Alternatives for Novel Techniques (CLAIRVOYANT). Powered by a multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) framework, CLAIRVOYANT aids in hypothesis generation and experimental design by displaying summarized relationships observed in the HAT literature based on user needs. After iteratively designing literature-informed frameworks, generating an initial literature database, and instantiating the MCDA, a validation study was conducted demonstrating CLAIRVOYANT’s potential. Current limitations and future directions are discussed.
Outcomes associated with hip preservation using osteochondral allograft transplants and acetabular labrum reconstruction
Authors: Rucinski Kylee , Cook James L , Crecelius Cory R , Crist Brett D
Published: October 2024

Background:

Osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation with or without labral reconstruction is considered a hip preservation surgical treatment option for young, active patients. This study aims to report early outcomes for use of OCA and labrum allograft transplants for patients treated for symptomatic femoral head chondral damage and/or acetabular labrum deficiency after implementation of a comprehensive joint restoration approach.

Methods:

33 patients from a lifelong registry were included for analysis. Outcomes were compared for statistically significant ( p < 0.05) differences based on graft preservation methodology (standard preservation [SP] vs. Missouri Osteochondral Preservation System [MOPS]), and based on surfaces treated (femoral head only, labrum only, or femoral head and labrum).

Results:

Mean follow-up duration was 44.8 (range 12–95) months. Success was documented in 28 (84.8%) patients. For the SP cohort, successful outcomes were documented in 5 cases (50%), while all 23 MOPS cases (100%) were deemed successful at least 1 year after surgery. Hip preservation surgeries performed using MOPS grafts were associated with significantly ( p = 0.001; OR = 47x) higher success rates, including significant and clinically meaningful improvements in PROMs at 1 and 2 years after surgery. Revision was performed in 2 patients in the SP cohort and failure requiring total hip arthroplasty was documented in 3 SP patients. Mean time to revision or failure was 23.6 (range 4–43) months. The surfaces treated were significantly associated with failure when comparing patients undergoing a femoral head OCA with or without labral reconstruction to those undergoing labral reconstruction only ( p = 0.03; OR = 8.3x).

Conclusions:

Patients with symptomatic femoral head cartilage loss and/or irreparable acetabular labrum deficiency undergoing femoral head OCA transplantation and/or labral reconstruction with meniscus allografts using MOPS-preserved tissues experienced statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in pain and function through at least 2 years after surgery.