bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Evolution and Architecture of Multimodal AI Systems
Authors: Bhabani Sankar Nayak
Published: January 2025

This technical article explores the evolution, architecture, and implementation challenges of multimodal AI systems, which represent a significant advancement in artificial intelligence. The article explores how these systems integrate multiple input modalities to achieve comprehensive understanding and analysis capabilities, mirroring human cognitive processes. Through detailed analysis of system architectures, performance metrics, and implementation strategies, we investigate the current state of multimodal AI across various applications, from virtual assistants to healthcare analytics. The article covers core technical components, data synchronization challenges, resource optimization techniques, and future directions in the field, providing insights into both theoretical frameworks and practical implementations.
Privacy-Preserving in Machine Learning: Bridging Security and Performance in Modern Applications
Authors: Ramachandra Vamsi Krishna Nalam  , Pooja Sri Nalam  , Sruthi Anuvalasetty
Published: January 2025

Privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML) has emerged as a critical paradigm in the era of data-driven applications, addressing the fundamental tension between leveraging large-scale datasets and protecting individual privacy. This technical article examines recent advances in PPML techniques, focusing on three key approaches: federated learning, which enables distributed model training while keeping data localized; homomorphic encryption, allowing computation on encrypted data; and secure multi-party computation (MPC) for privacy-conscious collaborative learning. Through detailed architectural analysis and real-world case studies in mobile device personalization and healthcare analytics, this article demonstrates how these techniques can be effectively implemented while navigating computational overhead and implementation complexity. This article reveals current PPML approaches successfully preserve privacy in production environments, but they face significant challenges in computational efficiency and system integration. This article concludes by presenting optimization strategies and emerging research directions aimed at making PPML more practical for large-scale deployments.
Características Epidemiológicas de Famílias e Pacientes com Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, suas Dificuldades e Desafios para Acesso ao Hospital de Câncer Infantojuvenil de Barretos
Authors: Prado Denise Leonardi Queiroz , Faria Thaissa Maria Veiga , Ribeiro Adeylson Guimarães , Lopes Luiz Fernando
Published: January 2025

Introdução: O câncer corresponde à proliferação anormal de células e, embora possa ser considerado raro em crianças, adolescentes e adultos jovens, constitui a primeira causa de mortalidade por doença até os 29 anos. Objetivo: Investigar características epidemiológicas de pacientes e famílias, por Regiões do Estado de São Paulo, com análise contextual do primeiro atendimento e das dificuldades de chegada ao Hospital de Câncer Infantojuvenil de Barretos. Métodos: Estudo transversal, ambispectivo, de janeiro de 2015 a janeiro de 2023, com uso de questionários e análise descritiva dos dados com variáveis quantitativas mediana (variação em dias) e variáveis qualitativas (frequência absoluta e/ou relativa), com uso de testes t de Student, Kruskal-Wallis e de variância ANOVA ou Bonferroni e teste de qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher. Resultados: Foram analisados 650 pacientes, a maioria do sexo masculino (54%), cor branca (68,1%), residentes na zona urbana (95,4%) e com média renda familiar (67,7%). Considerando-se todos os pacientes, o primeiro atendimento foi mais frequente no serviço público (57,1%) no consultório do Sistema Único de Saúde (30,8%) e com necessidade de mais uma consulta após a primeira avaliação (37,2%). Houve moradores de Regiões distantes do centro oncológico com primeira consulta no consultório particular (32,4%) e quatro ou mais consultas em mais de 25% das vezes. A maior barreira relacionou-se ao sistema de saúde (16,8%), com morosidade em procedimentos. Neoplasias hematológicas foram mais frequentes (33,7%). Conclusão: A maior dificuldade dos pacientes esteve presente no sistema de saúde sugerindo iniquidade de acesso relacionada a fatores sociodemográficos e econômicos da população.
An evidence-informed study to determine why Singapore teachers engage in professional development
Authors: Chang Chew Hung  , Teng P. S. , Tan Aik-Ling  , Chan Yew Wooi , Tham-Poh Mun See
Published: January 2025

Set against the motivation for NIE/GPL to enhance Teacher Professional Development (TPD) in meeting the needs of our stakeholders, the question of what makes a teacher want to engage in TPD was raised. While a wide literature scan has shown numerous studies on TPD that illuminates different types of PD that teachers do consider effective, there exists little consensus on which type of PD works best. It is no surprise that there is inconclusive evidence on what makes a teacher want to do TPD. Today, the Singapore literature suffers from a dearth of empirical study to show what motivates a teacher to do TPD. Adopting a social psychology framework of Planned Behaviour Theory (TPB), this study sought to address the research problem above through a baseline study and an extended exploration on the factors affecting a teacher's motivation to do TPD. A variety of data collection methods were utilised in this study. In-depth interviews, questionnaire surveys and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were used to construct baseline statistics while observations and fieldwork deepened the exploration and provided the triangulation to data collection, essentially improving the reliability of the study. The findings from this study present various important implications for NIE and her partners through detailed analysis which might reshape the trajectory and if need be, modify the nature of Singapore’s TPD service delivery.
РІВЕНЬ АДАПТАЦІЙНОГО НАПРУЖЕННЯ ОРГАНІЗМУ СПОРТСМЕНІВ – ФУТЗАЛІСТІВ ПІД ВПЛИВОМ ФІЗИЧНОГО НАВАНТАЖЕННЯ
Authors: Дичко Данило Владиславович , Чернозуб Андрій Анатолійович , Сивохоп Едуард Миколайович , Дичко Владислав Вікторович
Published: January 2025

Мета дослідження. Вивчити рівень адаптаційного напруження організму під впливом фізичного навантаження у юних спортсменів – футзалістів віком 15–16 років та у одноліток які не займаються футзалом. Методи дослідження. У дослідженні приймали участь юні спортсмени-футзалісти Акедемії футзалу м. Ужгород, віком 15–16 років (15,67±0,08 років), та група однолітків які не займаються футзалом (15,53±0,08 років). Були проведені дослідження рівня адаптаційного напруження у юних спортсменів-футзалістів віком 15–16 років, та у однолітків які не займаються футзалом. Результати. Встановлено вірогідне зростання абсолютної кількості і відносної кількості паличкоядерних нейтрофільних гранулоцитів, підвищується абсолютна і відносна кількість еозинофільних гранулоцитів; абсолютна (на 15,15%) і відносна (на 13,88%) кількість моноцитів. У спортсменів-футзалістів віком 14–16 років нормальний тип швидкості зсідання еритроцитів на відміну від неспортсменів-футзалістів, де цей показник знаходиться у прискореному типі і він вищий (Р >0,05). Висновки. Результати дослідження встановлених індивідуалізації адаптаційних процесів у спортсменів-футзалістів демонструють позитивний вплив фізичних навантажень на адаптаційні процеси. За цих умов у хлопців– футзалістів формується рівень підвищенної активації адаптаційних процесів, що позитивно впливає на стан здоров’я футзалістів.
ЛЕКЦІЯ ЯК ОДИН ІЗ ВИДІВ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАНЯТЬ У ЗАКЛАДІ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ: СУЧАСНИЙ ВИМІР
Authors: Стеблюк Світлана Василівна
Published: January 2025

У статті розглянуто сучасні підходи до організації та проведення лекцій у закладі вищої освіти. З’ясовано сучасні підходи педагогів до цієї проблеми, виокремлено її види та структуру. Вченими сформулювалася думка, що сучасна лекція має проводитися на засадах проблемності, діалогічного спілкування, активізації мисленнєво-мовленнєвої діяльності студентів. З-поміж їх видів вказано на традиційні та інноваційні (лекція-бесіда з постановкою проблемних запитань; лекція з мікровикладанням студентів та інші). Метою статті є з’ясування сучасних підходів до організації лекції у закладі вищої освіти. Дослідження щодо організації лекцій у закладі вищої освіти розглядалося за двома напрямами: введення у структуру традиційних лекцій інноваційних методів навчання та розробка нових її типів. Автором наголошено, що у процесі їх підготовки необхідно врахувати: форму здобуття освіти (денна, заочна, дистанційна); студентський склад; сучасні інноваційні тенденції у розвитку освіти; специфіку Освітньо-професійної програми підготовки майбутнього фахівця, що забезпечує реалізацію складових професійної компетентності з навчальної дисципліни. Виокремлено функції сучасної лекції: 1)інформаційно-пізнавальна (донесення сучасних тенденцій у розвитку вищої освіти, науки в Україні та за кордоном; виокремлення кола питань для формування фахових компетентностей); систематизуюча (побудова у логічній послідовності та взаємозв’язку матеріалу змістових модулів з дисципліни); мотиваційне забезпечення освітньої діяльності (спрямованість на розвиток у майбутнього фахівця внутрішньої та зовнішньої мотивації); розвивальна (стимулювання до аналізу та узагальнення одержаної інформації, виокремлення питань, що потребують дослідження); виховуюча (підготовка сучасного фахівця з креативним мисленням, здатним діяти в конкурентному середовищі; національно-мовленнєвої особистості із сформованими демократичними та морально-етичними цінностями). Автором проілюстровано застосування інноваційних методів навчання у процесі проведення тематичної лекції за її структурними частинами (методи: прогнозування, дослідницько-творчий, бібліографічного пошуку; дискусії, «Займи позицію», «гронування» та інші). Кожен із означених методів містить алгоритм їх застосування. Наголошено на особливостях проведення лекції-інсерт, лекції у квазіпрофесійному середовищі.
Inclusivity of the target population in orthopaedic surgical randomised trials: a review of high impact journals
Authors: Brealey Stephen D , Atha Lucy , Knowlson Catherine , Cook Elizabeth , Hicks Kate , Newman Joanne , Scantlebury Arabella , Adamson Joy , Fairhurst Caroline , Johnson Nick A , Dias Joseph J
Published: January 2025

Background This review examines whether randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of surgery in orthopaedics are inclusive of their target populations, including under-served populations. Methods The BMJ, Journal of the American Medical Association, The Lancet, and The New England Journal of Medicine were electronically searched in February 2022 for eligible RCTs published from 1 January 2014. Screening, key baseline patient characteristics, the inclusion of under-served groups and whether patient recruitment was pragmatic in design were key data extracted. The findings were tabulated and reported narratively. Results There were 26 RCTs included that were parallel in design and conducted across a range of countries in different hospital settings. Four RCTs did not report the complete CONSORT statement. There was variation in the percentage of the screened population who were randomised into the studies ranging from 5.8% to 74.7%. Most RCTs were pragmatic in design regarding patient selection but this did not necessarily translate to an inclusive trial population. Only two RCTs reported the age and gender of all screened patients. All 26 RCTs reported the age and gender of randomised patients but only four studies reported ethnicity. Reporting about the consideration and inclusion of under-served populations was limited. Conclusions There is variation in the exclusion of patients of the target population. Reporting of key patient characteristics during screening and attention given to under-served populations in the design, conduct and reporting of these trials is limited. Training and education on inclusivity is required along with practical guidance about how to implement this. To improve inclusivity in the screening and recruitment of patients there should be a focus on (i) screening and eligibility criteria, (ii) collection and reporting on attributes to ensure no section of the eligible population is inadvertently excluded, and (iii) embedding mechanisms to allow all eligible patients the opportunity to participate.
Anti-interference Technology of Intelligent Communication Based on Improved GA and GWO
Authors: Gao Dongjie
Published: January 2025

Chaotic mapping enhances anti-interference in frequency hopping communication by optimizing genetic algorithm population initialization. An intelligent decision engine model employs optimized grey wolf parameters and individual exchange mechanisms, enhancing grey wolf optimization convergence speed for constructing frequency hopping patterns. Experimental data reveals the improved genetic algorithm's efficiency with average run times of 0.312s and 0.057s for adaptive and enhanced versions, respectively. Achieving optimal solution convergence rates of 99.3% and 100%, the enhanced algorithm boosts decision-making accuracy and efficiency. The intelligent decision engine exhibits strong anti-interference capabilities, suitable for −2dB to 10dB signal-to-interference ratios with error rates below 10−6. The improved grey wolf optimization algorithm surpasses traditional approaches, yielding a 9.5% profit increment with a total value of 2310. This technology showcases adept learning and anti-interference capabilities, offering innovative solutions for communication systems and anti-interference technology advancements.
Media Komik Dalam Upaya Pencegahan Perilaku Bullying Di SDN Pucangsari Pasuruan
Authors: Putri, S.KM., M.Kes Ronasari Mahaji , Mazarina Devi Hilda , Rosdiana Yanti
Published: January 2025

Perilaku bullying yang terjadi pada anak semakin meningkat, menyebabkan banyak dampak yang muncul pada diri anak. Rasa takut, sulit berkonsentrasi, sulit bersosialisasi dan masalah lainnya mengancam perkembangan kejiwaan anak. Dibutuhkan sebuah upaya berkesinambungan dari berbagai pihak, untuk memutus rantai bullying  yang terjadi. Sekolah merupakan salah satu lingkungan yang baik untuk menanamkan rasa cinta kasih, dan perdamaian pada anak sekolah. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk mengajak anak sekolah untuk meninggalkan perilaku bullying, dengan menggunakan komik sebagai media penyuluhan mencegah bullying. Pengabdian masyarakat dilaksanakan di SD Pucangsari I Pasuruan dengan jumlah partisipan sebanyak 25 anak. Tahapan kegiatan pengabdian meliputi pre test, ice breaking, pembacaan komik secara bersama-sama, bermain peran komik, post test, dan evaluasi. Pengabdi menggunakan media komik, yang dianggap lebih efektif dalam memberikan pengetahuan dan pemahaman kepada anak-anak tentang bullying, dikarenakan banyak indra yang terlibat dalam pembelajaran. Dalam kegiatan ini, pengabdi juga menekankan rasa cinta kasih, berbicara yang baik kepada teman serta menjalin persahabatan dengan teman. Sebagai bahan evaluasi, selain adanya pre test dan post test, pengabdi juga melontarkan beberapa pertanyaan seputar bullying, dan anak-anak sangat antusias dalam menjawab, serta memberikan perhatian penuh dengan materi yang diberikan oleh pengabdi. Pengabdi berharap, sosialisasi kepada anak-anak melalui media komik dalam mencegah bullying ini memberikan kemanfataan yakni dapat menambah pengetahuan, pemahaman serta muncul empati dan rasa kasih sayang pada teman. Selain itu adanya kegiatan ini dapat rutin terus dilakukan saling bekerjasama antara pihak sekolah dan keluarga, agar sekecil apapun bullying yang terjadi pada anak di sekolah dapat dicegah.
The assessment of marrow adiposity in type 1 diabetic rabbits through magnetic resonance spectroscopy is linked to bone resorption
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Wei , Zhang Minlan , Chen Qi , Li Fengyi , Li Shaojun
Published: January 2025

Background

Enhanced marrow adiposity is frequently linked with a decline in bone density. The underlying mechanisms responsible for bone loss in diabetes are not well understood. In this investigation, we employed an alloxan-induced diabetes rabbit model to unravel the association between marrow fat content and bone resorption, utilizing magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Methods

Forty 4-month-old male New Zealand rabbits were randomly allocated into two groups: a control group and an alloxan-induced diabetic group, each consisting of 20 rabbits. Biochemical analyses covered plasma glucose, enzyme levels, lipid profiles, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine levels, and markers of bone turnover. Quantification of bone marrow adipose tissue utilized both MR spectroscopy and histological examinations. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and microcomputed tomography were employed to determine bone density and trabecular bone microarchitectures. The expression levels of marrow adipocyte markers (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α, and fatty acid binding protein 4) and markers of bone resorption [tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) and cathepsin K] were assessed using RT-PCR.

Results

Diabetic rabbits exhibited significant increases in marrow fat fraction (MFF) over time (MFF increased by 13.2% at 1.5 months and 24.9% at 3 months relative to baseline conditions, respectively). These changes were accompanied by the deterioration of trabecular microarchitectures. Marrow adipogenesis was evident through a 31.0% increase in adipocyte size, a 60.0% rise in adipocyte number, a 103.3% increase in the percentage of adipocyte area, and elevated mRNA expressions of marrow adipocyte markers. Osteoclast markers (TRACP and cathepsin K RNA and serum TRACP5b levels) were elevated in diabetic rabbits. MFF exhibited a robust correlation with trabecular bone microarchitectures. A significant positive correlation was identified between ΔMFF and serum ΔTRACP5b levels. Moreover, MFF at 3 months showed a strong positive correlation with serum TRACP5b levels (r = 0.763), as well as with the mRNA expression of osteoclast markers, including TRACP (r = 0.784) and cathepsin K (r = 0.659), all with p <0.001.

Conclusions

Rabbits with type 1 diabetes experience an expansion of marrow adiposity, and this enhanced marrow adiposity is associated with increased osteoclast activity.
Interaction of GPER-1 with the endocrine signaling axis in breast cancer
Authors: Molina Calistro Luis , Arancibia Yennyfer , Olivera Marcela Alejandra , Domke Sigrid , Torres Rodrigo Flavio
Published: January 2025

G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 (GPER-1) is a membrane estrogen receptor that has emerged as a key player in breast cancer development and progression. In addition to its direct influence on estrogen signaling, a crucial interaction between GPER-1 and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis has been evidenced. The novel and complex relationship between GPER-1 and HPG implies a hormonal regulation with important homeostatic effects on general organ development and reproductive tissues, but also on the pathophysiology of cancer, especially breast cancer. Recent research points to a great versatility of GPER-1, interacting with classical estrogen receptors and with signaling pathways related to inflammation. Importantly, through its activation by environmental and synthetic estrogens, GPER-1 is associated with hormone therapy resistance in breast cancer. These findings open new perspectives in the understanding of breast tumor development and raise the possibility of future applications in the design of more personalized and effective therapeutic approaches.
The impact of spousal retirement on health—an empirical analysis based on CFPS
Authors: Chen Ping , Liang Han , Zhou Yufei , Zhu Guodong , Peng Yu , Yao Jiayi
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Health impacts associated with spousal retirement vary significantly across countries and datasets, underscoring the need to examine this relationship within the Chinese context. This study aims to explore how spousal retirement affects individual health in China.

Methods

Utilizing data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) for the years 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2020, this research applies a fuzzy regression discontinuity approach to assess the effects of spousal retirement on health outcomes.

Results

Findings indicate that a wife’s retirement positively impacts her husband’s mental health but negatively affects his physical health. Conversely, a husband’s retirement improves his wife’s self-rated health. Further analysis reveals that a husband’s retirement significantly enhances his wife’s marital satisfaction, contributing to longer sleep durations and, subsequently, better self-rated health.

Discussion

This study highlights the nuanced effects of spousal retirement on individual health, with implications for understanding the marital and health dynamics within aging populations in China.
An evaluation of financial losses due to lumpy skin disease outbreaks in dairy farms of northern Thailand
Authors: Modethed Wittawat , Kreausukon Khwanchai , Singhla Tawatchai , Boonsri Kittikorn , Pringproa Kidsadagon , Sthitmatee Nattawooti , Vinitchaikul Paramintra , Srisawang Supitchaya , Salvador Roderick , Gubbins Simon , Limon Georgina , Punyapornwithaya Veerasak
Published: January 2025

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) poses a significant threat to the cattle industry, resulting in adverse economic consequences in affected countries. This study aims to estimate the financial losses due to LSD outbreaks in dairy farms in northern Thailand. Based on a retrospective study, data was collected using a standardized questionnaire from 100 farms affected by LSD outbreaks (outbreak farms) and 33 farms that did not experience LSD outbreaks (non-LSD outbreak farms) in two dairy farming areas that experienced LSD outbreaks between June and December 2021. In outbreak farms, the average total financial losses was 727.38 USD per farm, significantly higher than the 349.19 USD per farm observed in non-LSD outbreak farms. The primary cause of financial loss in outbreak farms was mortality. Reductions in milk sold due to a drop in milk production, and the need to discard milk because of the withdrawal time of antibiotics used for treating secondary infections on affected cattle, also contributed substantially to the financial losses. On farms without LSD outbreaks, the main expenses were related to vaccination and disease prevention, amounting to 130.66 USD and 218.53 USD per farm, respectively. LSD outbreaks negatively affect all farms in the outbreak areas, as both outbreak farms and non-LSD outbreak farms had to bear prevention costs. In the post-outbreak phase, the primary activities focused on continued monitoring of new LSD cases and conducting surveillance, carried out collaboratively by farmers and livestock authorities. This is the first study in Thailand providing valuable insights into the financial implications of LSD outbreaks for farmers, highlighting the substantial financial consequences of the disease. The findings from this study are beneficial for decision making, efficient resource allocation and the development of effective mitigation strategies.
A Literature Review on Numerical Simulation of Thermal Anti-Icing
Authors: Chen Ningli , Yi Xian , Wang Qiang , Chai Delin , Li Cong
Published: January 2025

This paper reviews the numerical simulation method for thermal anti-icing. Typically, the numerical study of an anti-icing system involves a coupled simulation of various physical processes: airflow, droplet flow, thin water film flow on the wall, and heat conduction within the solid wall. Airflow is commonly simulated using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes method, while droplet flow can be modeled using either the Eulerian or Lagrangian approach. For simulating water film flow, there are three primary models: the Messinger model, the SWIM model, and the Myers model. The heat transfer process within the solid wall can be coupled with the external air/droplet and film flow using either a tight-coupling or a loose-coupling method. When simulating an electrothermal anti-icing system, methods such as the equivalent heat conductivity scheme or shell conduction method are employed to handle heat conduction in multi-layer thin walls. To improve the accuracy of thermal anti-icing simulations, additional research is still necessary, focusing on studies on rivulet flow, bead flow, and the heat convection coefficient on the system’s wall.
Improvement of Aerodynamic Performance of Bilaterally Symmetrical Airfoil by Co-Flow Jet and Adaptive Morphing Technology
Authors: Lu Zeyu , Cai Hongming
Published: January 2025

For a special bilaterally symmetric airfoil (BSA), this paper designs an active flow control scheme based on the Co-Flow Jet (CFJ) and adaptive morphing technology, and establishes a numerical simulation method which is suitable for simulating aerodynamic characteristics. The accuracy and effectiveness of the numerical method has been verified through benchmark cases. This study investigates the effects of jet intensity, suction slot position and angle, and deflection angles of the leading and TE flap on the aerodynamic performance parameters and flow field structure of the bilaterally symmetric airfoil. The results show that the adaptive morphing technology can significantly improve the equivalent lift coefficient and equivalent lift-to-drag ratio of the bilaterally symmetric airfoil, without obviously increasing the CFJ power consumption coefficient. Selecting an appropriate CFJ intensity can achieve a relatively high equivalent lift-to-drag ratio with a low compressor power requirement. Moving the suction slot rearward can increase the lift coefficient, and placing it on the trailing edge (TE) flap can more efficiently delay flow separation, reduce power consumption, and increase the equivalent lift-to-drag ratio. The suction slot angle has little effect on the lift coefficient, but a larger suction slot angle can enhance the equivalent lift-to-drag ratio. Increasing the TE flap deflection angle enhances both the lift coefficient and drag coefficient, as well as the power consumption coefficient at high angles of attack. But it has little effect on the maximum equivalent lift-to-drag ratio. Increasing the leading edge flap deflection angle can improve the maximum equivalent lift-to-drag ratio while increasing the angle of attack corresponding to it. Overall, choosing a CFJ and adaptive morphing parameters by considering different factors can enhance the aerodynamic performance of the bilaterally symmetric airfoil.
Effect of Vegetable Oil Adjuvant on Wetting, Drift, and Deposition of Pesticide Droplets from UAV Sprayers on Litchi Leaves
Authors: Wang Bingjie , Geng Ziqiong , Pan Bo , Jiang Lei , Lin Yong
Published: January 2025

The spatial transportation of pesticide spray droplets and their deposition and retention on plant leaf surfaces are critical factors contributing to pesticide loss. Adding adjuvants to pesticide solutions to improve their wettability and deposition behavior can enhance the targeted deposition efficiency of pesticides sprayed by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sprayers. In this study, Maifei (MF), a prevalent vegetable oil adjuvant, was selected to analyze its effects on the physicochemical properties of water and 10% difenoconazole water-dispersible granules (D) and the wetting performance of droplets on litchi leaves. The changes in the drift and deposition of the spray solutions with or without MF were tested using a UAV sprayer, DJI T40. The results indicated that the addition of MF to water or D significantly decreased the surface tension (by 58.33% and 23.10%, respectively), wetting time (by 97.81% and 90.95%, respectively), and contact angle (by 40.95% to 70.75% for the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of litchi leaves), achieving the best effects at a 1% MF addition. Moreover, during the drift test, the addition of 1% MF to the solutions significantly reduced the cumulative drift rate (CDR) (by 48.10%). Finally, owing to the weakened spray drift risk and improved wettability of the droplets on litchi leaves with a 1% MF addition, the droplet deposition and penetration in the litchi canopy significantly improved, demonstrating an increased droplet density of 38.17% for the middle layers of the litchi and 15.75% for the lower layers, corresponding to increased coverage by 59.49% and 12.78%, respectively. Hence, MF can improve the interfacial properties of the spray solution on litchi leaves, reduce the drift risk, and promote deposition, thereby facilitating the efficient transfer and deposition of pesticide droplets from UAV sprayers.
The Antinutritional Factors and Technological Processing of Sorghum and Its Application in Pig Production
Authors: Zhang Jianjian , Li Ping , Yang Xuefen , Wang Li
Published: January 2025

Sorghum ranks as the fifth largest grain crop globally, and it has similar levels of crude protein and leucine compared to corn, making it a viable substitute for full or partial corn in pig diets. Sorghum is produced around the world like corn, which is the energy source in pig diets. However, sorghum contains antinutritional factors that adversely affect nutrient absorption, energy, and amino acid availability. Additionally, the low content of essential amino acids, such as lysine (Lys) and methionine (Met), limits its feeding value. Consequently, this paper primarily discusses the antinutritional factors present in sorghum and elaborates on methods to enhance the nutritional value of forage sorghum through processes such as crushing, extrusion, and enzymatic hydrolysis. The nutritional value of sorghum could be improved by adding protease, by extrusion, and by reducing the grain size. Furthermore, this paper summarizes the application of sorghum in pig production to enhance the understanding of forage sorghum among feed enterprises and to provide a theoretical reference for the rational formulation of pig diets.
Deciphering the Population Characteristics of Leiqiong Cattle Using Whole-Genome Sequencing Data
Authors: Guo Yingwei , Zhao Zhihui , Ge Fei , Yu Haibin , Lyu Chenxiao , Liu Yuxin , Li Junya , Chen Yan
Published: January 2025

Long-term geographic isolation and breeding programs both influence population characteristics. Leiqiong cattle, a native breed from the southernmost region of China, are renowned for disease and heat resistance, with two subgroups on Hainan Island and the Leizhou Peninsula. However, the genomic differences between them remain unexplored. In this study, we conducted genomic comparisons using whole-genome sequencing data from the two subgroups of Leiqiong cattle and three commercial breeds to assess their population structures. Leiqiong cattle in Hainan exhibited lower genetic diversity and a pure ancestral content due to their isolation from the mainland. In contrast, the subgroup in Guangdong displayed higher genetic diversity and mixed ancestry, influenced by the intrusion of commercial breeds. The genetic divergence between them was evaluated by estimating a genetic distance of 0.08 and a split time of 3400 to 4250 years ago, highlighting the role of geographical barriers in speciation. Notably, two candidate genes were identified through selection sweeps, including PIP4K2A, potentially related to immunity, and TNFSF4, possibly involved in hair follicle development. Our findings reveal the different genetic structures and genomic characteristics in the two subgroups of Leiqiong cattle, providing valuable insights into their evolutionary history and establishing a foundation for future breeding strategies.
Progress in Construction Robot Path-Planning Algorithms: Review
Authors: Fu Shichen , Yang Detao , Mei Zenghui , Zheng Weixiong
Published: January 2025

Construction robots are increasingly becoming a significant force in the digital transformation and intelligent upgrading of the construction industry. Path planning is crucial for the advancement of building robot technology. Based on the understanding of construction site information, this paper categorizes path-planning algorithms into two types: global path-planning and local path-planning. Local path planning is further divided into classical algorithms, intelligent algorithms, and reinforcement learning algorithms. Using this classification framework, this paper summarizes the latest research developments in path-planning algorithms, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various algorithms, introduces several optimization strategies, and presents the results of these optimizations. Furthermore, common environmental modeling methods, path quality evaluation criteria, commonly used sensors for robots, and the future development of path-planning technologies in swarm-based construction robots are also discussed. Finally, this paper explores future development trends in the field. The aim is to provide references for related research, enhance the path-planning capabilities of construction robots, and promote the intelligent development of the construction industry.
Extension of the Discrete Electron Transport Capabilities of the Geant4-DNA Toolkit to MeV Energies
Authors: Kyriakou Ioanna , Tran Hoang N. , Desorgher Laurent , Ivantchenko Vladimir , Guatelli Susanna , Santin Giovanni , Nieminen Petteri , Incerti Sebastien , Emfietzoglou Dimitris
Published: January 2025

The discrete physics models available in the Geant4-DNA Monte Carlo toolkit are a subject of continuous evolution and improvement in order to meet the needs of state-of-the-art radiobiological research for medical and space applications. The current capabilities of Geant4-DNA for event-by-event electron transport extend up to 1 MeV. In this work, Geant4-DNA’s most accurate electron inelastic model for sub-keV energies is improved and extended up to 10 MeV via the Relativistic Plane Wave Born Approximation and other theoretical considerations. Benchmark simulations of the electronic stopping power and range of electrons in liquid water using the new model show almost excellent agreement (at the few % level) with the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) up to 10 MeV, offering notable improvement (by a factor of ~2) over the default Geant4-DNA inelastic model and an order-of-magnitude higher electron limit. The present development will allow Geant4-DNA users to perform electron track-structure simulations up to 10 MeV, thus, covering a wider range of radiotherapeutic applications (including FLASH-RT) as well as space applications involving MeV electrons which are not currently reachable.
The Effects of Cross-Legged Sitting on the Lower Limb Muscles and Body Balance and the Implications in Rehabilitation
Authors: Alsirhani Hadeel , Alzahrani Abdullah , Arnold Graham , Wang Weijie
Published: January 2025

Background: Although a cross-legged sitting (CLS) posture has been commonly practiced as a daily activity, particularly in Arabic, Middle Eastern, and Asian societies, there is no medical study focusing on the effects of cross-legged sitting on body balance and muscular strength. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of CLS on lower extremity muscular strength, muscular electrical activity, and body balance. Methods: Thirty healthy volunteers participated in this research study by performing CLS for a 20 min duration. The balance tests included a static test, i.e., a single-leg-standing posture with eyes closed, to assess if the centre of the pelvis and centre of the shoulders (CoS) moved, and a dynamic test, i.e., four-square-returning, to assess if the moving speed changed. Regarding the muscular assessment, the electrical activity was assessed depending on the maximal value of activation and rooted mean of squared values, while the muscular strength was assessed according to the maximum force by the lower limbs using a force sensor. The balance and muscular results were statistically compared before and after CLS. Results: The duration of the static balance after CLS decreased by an average of 2.5 s, or approximately 15.64%, compared to before CLS (p < 0.05 *). Further, the Centre of Pelvis moved greater distances in the medial–lateral direction after CLS compared to before, but CoS was not significantly changed in the static balance test. However, in the dynamic balance test, the duration significantly decreased by 0.2 s, or approximately 8.5%, after CLS compared to before, meaning that dynamic balance ability improved. Considering the muscle results, only the lateral gastrocnemius muscle was noticeably electrically activated after CLS, while the hip extensor and knee flexor muscles became significantly stronger after CLS compared to before, roughly by about 14%, and the ankle plantar flexor maximum force increased noticeably, by about 4%, after CLS. Conclusions: CLS had a positive impact on the dynamic balance; the strength of the hip extensor, knee flexor, and ankle plantar flexion; and all lower limb muscles, in terms of electrical stimulation, except for the lateral gastrocnemius post-CLS compared to pre-CLS. Therefore, CLS can be safely included in one’s daily routine and in any rehabilitation programme, except for patients who are suffering from static balance disturbance. Although this posture is commonly used in many societies, because this is the first study focused on the impact of CLS on body balance and muscular status, the results would supply knowledge and new understanding, as well as provide clear insight for sitting posture research.
Single and Double Electron Capture by 1–16 keV Sn4+ Ions Colliding on H2
Authors: de Wit Emiel , Tinge Lennart , Bijlsma Klaas , Hoekstra Ronnie
Published: January 2025

Single and double electron capture cross-sections for collisions of 118Sn4+ with molecular hydrogen have been measured in an energy range of 1 keV to 16 keV using a crossed-beam setup. The cross-sections are determined from measurements of charge-state-resolved ion currents obtained through a retarding field analyser. Remarkably, the single electron capture cross-sections for Sn4+ are more than a factor 3 smaller than the previously determined single electron capture cross-sections for Sn3+–H2 collisions and the double electron capture cross-sections are only about 20% smaller than the single electron capture cross-sections. These results are understood on the basis of potential energy curve crossings. The first active curve crossings for the Sn4+–H2 system happen at a relatively small internuclear distance of about 5.5 a.u., which should be compared to 8 a.u. for Sn3+ ions. Multi-channel Landau–Zener calculations have been performed for single electron capture and confirm these low cross-sections. The curve crossing for double electron capture by Sn4+ lies very close to the one for single electron capture, which may explain the single and double electron capture cross-sections being of similar magnitude.
Glabridin Suppresses Macrophage Activation by Lipoteichoic Acid In Vitro: The Crucial Role of MAPKs-IL-1β-iNOS Axis Signals in Peritoneal and Alveolar Macrophages
Authors: Hou Shaw-Min , Yang Chun-Ming , Huang Wei-Chieh , Cheng Ssu-Wei , Yen Ting-Lin , Hsia Chih-Wei , Hsieh Cheng-Ying , Hsia Chih-Hsuan
Published: January 2025

Inflammation, a fundamental response to infection and injury, involves interactions among immune cells and signaling molecules. Dysregulated inflammation contributes to diseases such as autoimmune disorders and cancer. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), produced by macrophages in response to lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Gram-positive bacteria, is a key inflammatory mediator. Glabridin (GBD), a bioactive compound from licorice root, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigates GBD’s effects on LTA-induced proinflammatory signaling in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages and alveolar macrophages, MH-S, focusing on IL-1β expression and signaling pathways. Cell viability assays confirmed that 20 μM GBD was non-cytotoxic. Confocal microscopy and quantitative PCR showed that GBD significantly reduced IL-1β fluorescence intensity, mRNA, and protein levels. GBD also inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) production. Further analysis revealed that GBD suppressed NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and selectively modulated MAPK pathway activation by reducing JNK and p38 MAPK phosphorylation without affecting ERK. Studies using specific inhibitors demonstrated that IL-1β production reduction was mechanistically linked to MAPK pathway inhibition. These findings highlight GBD’s potential as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases through its ability to modulate critical inflammatory mediators and signaling pathways.
Effect of PCSK9 Inhibitors on Regulators of Lipoprotein Homeostasis, Inflammation and Coagulation
Authors: Lunar Patricija , Meglič Hana , Vehar Mateja , Ugovšek Sabina , Rehberger Likozar Andreja , Šebeštjen Miran , Zupan Janja
Published: January 2025

Background: PCSK9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) represent a newer form of atherosclerosis treatment. Inflammation and haemostasis are key processes in the development of atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the influence of therapy with PCSK9i in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) on regulators for lipoprotein homeostasis, inflammation and coagulation. Methods: Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), we measured the expression of the genes involved in lipoprotein homeostasis, namely for sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), SREBP2, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), hepatic lipase type C (LIPC), LDLR-related protein 8 (LRP8), and the genes associated with inflammation and coagulation, such as cluster of differentiation (CD) 36 (CD36), CD63, and CD14 in 96 patients with CAD and 25 healthy subjects. Results: Significant differences in the expression of the investigated genes between patients and healthy controls were found. Treatment with PCSK9i also resulted in significant changes in the expression of all studied genes. Conclusions: We established that PCSK9i may have a significant effect on the gene expression of lipid regulators, inflammatory markers, and coagulation parameters, independent of their lipolytic effect.
Occupational Burnout and Insomnia in Relation to Psychological Resilience Among Greek Nurses in the Post-Pandemic Era
Authors: Sikaras Christos , Pachi Argyro , Alikanioti Sofia , Ilias Ioannis , Sideri Eleni Paraskevi , Tselebis Athanasios , Panagiotou Aspasia
Published: January 2025

Recent studies indicate that nurses experienced high levels of occupational burnout and insomnia during and after the pandemic and highlight resilience as a crucial competence for overcoming adversity. The aim of this study was to assess occupational burnout, insomnia, and psychological resilience and to explore their interrelations among Greek nurses 14 months after the official ending of the pandemic which was declared in May 2023. The study was conducted online in July 2024 and included 380 nurses currently working in Greek hospitals, who completed the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). Overall, 56.1% of the nurses exhibited insomnia symptoms and 46.8% displayed signs of occupational burnout. Low resilience scores were observed in 26.3%. Multiple regression analysis indicated that CBI explained 34.4% of the variance in the AIS scores, while an additional 3% was explained by the BRS. Mediation analysis revealed that resilience operates protectively as a negative mediator in the relationship between burnout and insomnia. In conclusion, one year after the end of the pandemic the levels of occupational burnout and insomnia among nurses remain high, whereas psychological resilience seems to be retained at moderate levels. Consequently, there is an urgent need to regularly monitor for risk of burnout and insomnia and to implement resilience-building strategies for nurses to combat burnout and improve insomnia symptoms.
Dynamic Causality Between the Housing Boom and Technological Innovation in China: A Sub-Sample Rolling-Window Analysis
Authors: Guan Yumei , Wang Yunfeng , Su Chiwei
Published: January 2025

This paper employs bootstrap rolling-window tests to investigate the dynamic causal relationship between the housing boom (HB) and technological innovation (TI) in China. Through sub-sample analysis, we reveal the dual impact of the HB on TI: during periods dominated by the liquidity effect, the HB exerts a positive influence on TI, whereas during periods dominated by the crowding-out effect, the HB negatively affects TI. Furthermore, this study identifies the significant positive effect of TI on the HB, suggesting that TI serves as a predictor of real estate development trends. This research not only provides empirical evidence on the bidirectional interaction between the HB and TI, but also offers valuable insights for policymakers in terms of balancing the development of the real estate market and TI.
Denosumab vs. Zoledronic Acid for Metastatic Bone Disease: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Wajda Benjamin G. , Ferrie Leah E. , Abbott Annalise G. , Elmi Assadzadeh Golpira , Monument Michael J. , Kendal Joseph K.
Published: January 2025

Background: Metastatic bone disease (MBD) presents significant challenges in patient management, leading to skeletal-related events (SREs), compromised health-related quality of life, and heightened pain experiences. Denosumab (Dmab) and zoledronic acid (ZA) are bone-modifying agents (BMAs) commonly employed to mitigate the sequelae of MBD. Previous meta-analyses have assessed primary outcomes such as overall survival, pathological fractures, radiation to bone, and the time to SREs within studies. However, a single comprehensive analysis comparing their efficacy across multiple primary and secondary outcomes, as well as cost-effectiveness in specific cancer types, has not yet been conducted. Methods: A literature search identified relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and the primary outcomes included overall survival, pathologic fractures, radiation to bone, and the time to SREs within studies. Secondary outcomes included adverse events, pain, analgesia usage, quality of life, and cost. Results: Meta-analysis revealed that Dmab effectively reduced the need for bone-targeted radiation therapy and was superior to ZA in delaying the time to SREs, except in multiple myeloma. Dmab also reduced pathological fracture incidences in breast cancer patients by 39%. Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that while both agents similarly impact overall survival and disease progression, Dmab offers advantages in SRE reduction and improved HRQoL and pain outcomes with lower rates of opioid usage, albeit with higher risks of hypocalcemia and osteonecrosis in some subgroups. The consensus on cost-effectiveness is mixed and varies based on the cancer type and healthcare system, with some studies favoring Dmab’s superior efficacy and safety, while others find ZA more cost-effective due to its lower cost. This study underscores the potential of Dmab as a preferred BMA for MBD management, especially for high-risk skeletal complications, while highlighting cancer-specific safety considerations. Further research is warranted to refine cancer-specific BMA use and optimize MBD management strategies.