bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EPOXIDATED RUBBER SEED OIL AND SOY AS EFFECTIVE MODIFIERS OF EPOXY POLYMERS
Authors: Gotlib Elena M. , Nguyen Thi Lan Anh , Miloslavskiy Dmitry G. , Akhmedyanova Raisa A.
Published: September 2019

The search for rational areas of industrial use of rubber seed oil for the countries of Southeast Asia, South America and Africa, where Hevea brasiliensis grows in vast areas, is of great practical and scientific interest, both from ecological, economic and technical points of view. In this regard, the studies of the preparation and the use of epoxidized rubber seed oil are important. Due to the presence of double bonds, this vegetable oil is relatively easily functionalized. The epoxidation of rubber seed oil was carried out by us with hydrogen peroxide under the conditions of interphase catalysis in the presence of tungsten-containing catalysts. Epoxidized vegetable oils are of great interest as reactive modifiers for epoxy-diane polymers. For comparison with ERSO, industrial epoxidized soybean oil was investigated. Modification by both epoxidized rubber seed oil and epoxidized soybean oil of epoxy compositions cured with amines of different chemical structure, causes a significant increase in their hardness, wear resistance and improved antifriction indicators. The content of the gel fraction is reduced, that is, the density of the cross-linked structure of epoxy coatings formed in the presence of epoxidized rubber seed oil and soybean oil, which are partially included in the structure, and partially perform the functions of plasticizing agents, decreases. A similar effect was found when epoxy polymers modifying with epoxidized palm trees oil. The decrease cross-linked density of epoxy polymers modified with epoxidized vegetable oils causes an increase in the mobility of the elements of the structure, due to the presence of flexible fragments in the modifiers. This greatly make easier the relaxation processes in the composition, which helps to reduce internal stresses and improve properties. Moreover, epoxidized soybean oil to a greater extent reduces wear and friction coefficient of epoxy coatings, compared with epoxidized rubber seed oil.
NITRATE-SELECTIVE ELECTRODE AND ITS USE FOR ANALYSIS OF VEGETABLES AND MINERAL WATERS
Authors: Matveichuk Yulya V.
Published: September 2019

The effect of the length of the radicals at the exchange center of the quaternary ammonium salts on the selectivity and the detection limit of the nitrate-selective electrode is investigated. The observed effects of improving the analytical characteristics while reducing the steric availability of the exchange center for quaternary ammonium salts are explained on the basis of the theory of ion association. The composition of the polyvinyl chloride (33 wt.%) electrode membrane for the quaternary ammonium salt (3,4,5-tris bromide (dodecyloxy)benzyltricethylammonium bromide, 5 wt.%) and the plasticizer (o-nitrophendecyl ether, 62 wt.%) was optimized. The developed electrode has a low detection limit (2.0∙10−7 mol/l) and a close to theoretical slope of the electrode function (56.8 mV/pNO3), and the potential of the nitrate-selective electrode is not affected by fluoride, nitrite, bicarbonate-, dihydrophosphate-, sulfate ions. The interfering action of chloride, bromide, and iodide ions can be eliminated by introducing 1·10–3 mol/l of a background solution of silver sulfate. Thiocyanate and perchlorate ions interfere with the operation of the electrode, but they are practically not found in real objects. The developed electrode was used to determine the nitrate ions in vegetables (white cabbage, cucumber, lettuce, tomato, onion, carrots, and potatoes), greens (dill, parsley) and mineral water. It was established that the maximum permissible concentration of nitrates is exceeded more than 4.5 times for cabbage (MAC = 500 mg/kg), almost 2 times for salad (maximum permissible concentration 1500 mg/kg), 1.5 times for potatoes (maximum permissible concentration 250 mg/kg) and 3 times for dill (maximum permissible concentration 1500 mg/kg).
Treewidth of display graphs: bounds, brambles and applications
Authors: Janssen Remie , Jones Mark , Kelk Steven , Stamoulis Georgios , Wu Taoyang
Published: September 2019

Phylogenetic trees and networks are leaf-labelled graphs used to model evolution. Display graphs are created by identifying common leaf labels in two or more phylogenetic trees or networks.
The treewidth of such graphs is bounded as a function of many common dissimilarity measures between phylogenetic trees and this has been leveraged in fixed parameter tractability results. Here we further elucidate the properties of display graphs and their interaction with treewidth. We show that it is NP-hard to recognize display graphs, but that display graphs of bounded treewidth can be recognized in linear time. Next we show that if a phylogenetic network displays (i.e. topologically embeds) a phylogenetic tree, the treewidth of their display graph is bounded by a function of the treewidth of the original network (and also by various other parameters). In fact, using a bramble argument we show that this treewidth bound is sharp up to an additive term of 1. We leverage this bound to give an FPT algorithm, parameterized by treewidth, for determining whether a network displays a tree, which is an intensively-studied problem in the field. We conclude with a discussion on the future use of display graphs and treewidth in phylogenetics.
Collaboration avec les Hurons-Wendat pour la protection du patrimoine archéologique en Ontario
Authors: Warrick Gary
Published: September 2019

Le sud de l’Ontario recèle des centaines de sites archéologiques hurons-wendat. Au cours des cent cinquante dernières années, l’aménagement du territoire et la collecte illégale d’artéfacts, ainsi que des fouilles archéologiques, en ont perturbé ou détruit des douzaines. Ces deux dernières décennies, les Hurons-Wendat ont rapatrié plus de deux mille ancêtres et pressé le gouvernement de l’Ontario et les municipalités de mieux protéger leur patrimoine ancestral. Face aux revendications des Hurons-Wendat pour minimiser les perturbations des sites ancestraux, les archéologues élaborent de nouvelles approches durables. Le présent article porte sur les défis pratiques, éthiques et politiques des archéologues établis en Ontario qui souhaitent travailler solidairement avec les Hurons-Wendat afin que leurs sites archéologiques, leurs artéfacts et les restes humains de leurs ancêtres soient à l’abri de l’aménagement du territoire, de la collecte d’artéfacts et de fouilles archéologiques inutiles.
L’expertise archéologique au sein des processus de gestion et d’affirmation territoriale du Grand Conseil de la Nation Waban-Aki
Authors: Treyvaud Geneviève , O’Bomsawin Suzie , Bernard David
Published: September 2019

Le Ndakinna est le territoire ancestral de la nation w8banaki. Les W8banakiak, « gens du pays de l’aube » ou « ceux qui vivent au levant », forment la Première Nation algonquienne la plus au sud du Québec. Depuis 2013, le Bureau du Ndakinna est mandaté par le Conseil des Abénakis d’Odanak et le Conseil des Abénakis de Wôlinak pour répondre aux consultations territoriales. Afin d’y parvenir, le Bureau utilise notamment l’archéologie dans divers projets de gestion et d’affirmation sur le territoire ancestral w8banaki. Que ce soit au sujet de la protection et de la gestion d’écosystèmes indispensables pour la nation w8banaki, de la documentation des schémas et des sites historiques w8banakiak d’occupation du territoire ou du rayonnement scientifique, l’archéologie au sein du Bureau du Ndakinna représente un puissant véhicule d’autodétermination pour la Nation w8banaki.
La langue du doublage québécois : un français parlé « sous bonne surveillance »
Authors: Reinke Kristin , Ostiguy Luc
Published: September 2019

The dubbing of foreign films in Quebec has, in recent decades, received attention in translation studies. Screen characters appear to speak a French that is quite different from current Quebec French with little account for linguistic variation. However, most studies were based on few examples, rendering them potentially anecdotal, and their observations somewhat contradictory. Often, the examples themselves were not further investigated with respect to correlation with the formality of the situation. We measured, in 10 films dubbed in France and Quebec, four linguistic elements explicitly associated with a higher degree of formality: maintenance of the consonant [l] of personal pronouns il and ils and impersonal il, maintenance the final consonant clusters, use of variable liaisons and of the particle ne of the discontinuous negation. This study provided a quantified picture of the phenomenon and verified that the language in Quebec dubbing is exemplary of a high degree of formality.
The Suitability of French Immersion for Allophone Students in Saskatchewan: Exploring Diverse Perspectives on Language Learning and Inclusion
Authors: Davis Stephen , Ballinger Susan , Sarkar Mela
Published: September 2019

French immersion programs in Saskatchewan have traditionally served to further the goals of additive bilingualism between Canada’s two official languages, French and English. Whereas these programs have historically consisted of predominantly Anglophone populations, recent trends in immigration have contributed to the increasingly diverse linguistic backgrounds of students throughout the province. The motivation, family support, and high academic achievement of allophone students learning French as an additional language have been documented extensively in Canada (Dagenais & Jacquet, 2000; Mady, 2013, 2014, 2015). Nevertheless, allophone students often do not benefit from the same access to second language education programs as their Anglophone and Francophone peers; indeed, such learners are sometimes excluded from French immersion programs on the basis of their lack of English language proficiency (Roy, 2015). Through Likert-scale surveys and semi-structured interviews, this mixed-methods research explored the perceived suitability of French immersion for allophone students by examining the perspectives of parents and educators in several schools in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. This study will share the triangulated findings of the research, discuss the suitability of French immersion programs for allophone students, and provide recommendations for the future of such programs in Saskatchewan.
LA INMIGRACIÓN IRREGULAR DE VARONES ADULTOS SUBSAHARIANOS EN LA CIUDAD DE VALENCIA
Authors: Narbona Iranzo Ángela
Published: September 2019

Resumen. Este artículo utiliza la metodología cualitativa, basada en el análisis de los discursos recogidos en entrevistas semiestructuradas, para recrear el proceso migratorio de varones adultos subsaharianos en situación administrativa irregular asentados en la ciudad de Valencia. Los resultados de este trabajo apuntan que ellos mismos apostaron por migrar a Europa para aumentar la calidad de vida de sus parientes, dado que estos sufrían condiciones de miseria y escasez en sus países de origen. Su salida de África, y su correspondiente preparación, inició un periplo intercontinental con el fin último de alcanzar su integración social en España, tras superar las etapas de desplazamiento y acogida en el país receptor. Una vez llegados a su destino o a una de sus etapas ocasionales en su largo camino, caso de la ciudad de Valencia, estos migrantes continúan perseverando para lograr su objetivo: la supervivencia de sus seres queridos.
 
Palabras clave: inmigración, territorio, pobreza, familia, apoyo, proceso migratorio, integración, redes.
 
Abstract. this article uses a qualitative methodology, based on the discourses analysis of semi-structured interviews, to recreate the migratory process of Sub-Saharan adult males in an irregular administrative situation settled in the city of Valencia. The results of this work indicate that they were committed to migrate to Europe in order to increase the life quality of their relatives, suffering from conditions of misery and scarcity in their countries of origin. Their departure from Africa, and their preparation, to leave their native land, began an intercontinental journey with the ultimate goal of being socially integrated in Spain Once arrived at their final destination,  after overcoming the stages of displacement and reception in the host country, in this case the city of Valencia, these migrants continue working towards their goal: the survival of their family.
 
Key words: immigration, territory, poverty, family, support, migration process, integration, networks.
TRANSFERENCIAS MONETARIAS CONDICIONADAS EN ANGOLA Y ELECCIÓN DEL SISTEMA DE PAGO. ESTUDIO DE UN PROYECTO PILOTO EN CUATRO MUNICIPIOS RURALES
Authors: López Deán Pablo , Muñoz González Óscar
Published: September 2019

Resumen. Este texto aborda un proyecto piloto de transferencias monetarias condicionadas en cuatro municipios rurales de Angola (“Trabalhos Publicos”) y tiene como finalidad el análisis de diferentes ejemplos de este tipo de transferencias al tiempo que realiza un examen de varios sistemas de pago existentes y la justificación de la elección final de este último. A través de una metodología cualitativa, con técnicas como el análisis documental, las entrevistas en profundidad semiestructuradas, los grupos focales y la observación participante, se llega a la conclusión de que existen dos métodos de pago apropiados: por una parte, los denominados “correspondientes bancarios”, y por otra, los “bancos móviles”, ambos considerados los más adecuados y eficaces para las zonas rurales y de más difícil acceso..
 
Palabras clave: transferencias monetarias condicionadas; sistemas de pago; entorno rural; Angola; África Subsahariana.
 
Abstract. This text addresses a pilot project of conditional cash transfers in four rural municipalities of Angola (“Public Works”-“Trabajos Públicos”) and has the purpose of analysing different examples of this type of transfers while examining several existing payment systems and the justification of the final choice of the latter. Through a qualitative methodology, with techniques such as documentary analysis, semi-structured in-depth interviews, focus groups and participant observation, it is concluded that there are two appropriate methods of payment: on the one hand, the so-called “corresponding banks” (“correspondientes bancarios”), and on the other, the “mobile banks" (“bancos móviles”), both considered the most appropriate and effective for rural areas and most difficult to access.
 
Key words: conditional cash transfers, pay systems; rural environment; Angola; African Sub-Saharan.
LA MULTIFUNCIONALIDAD DEL ESPACIO RURAL: LA POTENCIALIDAD DE LOS RECURSOS VINÍCOLAS PARA EL DESARROLLO LOCAL EN EL INTERIOR NORTE VALENCIANO
Authors: Ferreres Bonfill Juan Bautista , Querol Vicente Vicente Alberto
Published: September 2019

Resumen. Los espacios rurales adquieren una multifuncionalidad territorial y socioeconómica, con una constante aparición de prácticas productivas singulares que forman parte de su resistencia al vaciamiento demográfico. Considerando estas premisas, la investigación pretende, a partir del análisis territorial y social, y aplicando fuentes de información primarias y secundarias, determinar si la puesta en valor de los recursos vinícolas del interior norte valenciano, integrados en las comarcas vitícolas de Les Useres-Vilafamés y Sant Mateu, generan dinámicas de desarrollo local. En la investigación se estudiará de manera particular un recurso de carácter supramunicipal, que se concreta en una bodega ubicada en el municipio de Sant Mateu. Esta bodega es el principal referente histórico vinícola del interior-norte valenciano y su reciente rehabilitación, es un ejemplo de gobernanza al implicar al sector público, privado y a la sociedad civil.
 
Palabras clave: nueva ruralidad, dinamización, recurso vinícola, desarrollo local.
 
Abstract. The rural areas purchase a multifunctionality territorial and socioeconomic, with a constant apparition of singular productive practices that form part of his resistance to the depopulation. Considering these premises, the investigation will develop, from the territorial and social analysis, applying sources of primary and secondary information , in determining if the put in value of the  wine resources of the inner Valencian north, integrated in the viticultural regions, Les Useres-Vilafamés, and Sant Mateu, generate at present dynamic of local development. In the investigation will study of particular way a supramunicipal resource that concrete in a winery situated in the municipality of Sant Mateu. This winery is the main wine old referent of the interior-north Comunitat Valenciana and its recent rehabilitation in one of the examples of governance when involving to the public sector, private and to the civil society.
 
Key words: new rurality, revitalize, wine resource, local development.
Variation of kerogen assemblages and δ13CKerogen in Lower Toarcian successions of the southern Tethyan margin
Authors: Rodrigues Bruno , Silva Ricardo , Mendonça Filho João Graciano , Duarte Luís Vítor , Reolid Matías , Sadki Driss
Published: September 2019

The early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE) is associated with an “excess” of C12 in the atmospheric and ocean carbon reservoirs and widespread occurrence of organic-rich facies around the globe. The T-OAE is recorded as a pronounced negative carbon isotopic excursion (CIE) in carbonates, fossil wood, and kerogens at the base of the Serpentinum (=Falciferum=Levisoni) Chronozone, positioned within a broad δ13C positive trend initiated at the base of the Lower Toarcian. Contrasts in deposition and preservation of OM between the northern and southern Tethyan margins are observed during the T-OAE. Several sections of the northern Tethyan margin are enriched in OM, whereas in the southern Tethyan margin, organic-rich facies are spatially and temporally restricted and have lower TOC. This dichotomy reflects differentiated depositional and environmental conditions between the two margins, controlled by the interplay of local, regional, and global constraints (distinct palaeogeographical location, OM type and source, palaeoceanography, climate, tectonics, etc.). This study investigates the variation of kerogen assemblages and δ13CKerogen in the Upper Pliensbachian–Lower Toarcian interval along the southern Tethyan margin, i.e. Lusitanian Basin (Portugal), Betic Cordillera (Spain), and Middle Atlas (Morocco). The objective is to contribute to the understanding of the paleoenvironmental variables and dynamics that influenced deposition and preservation of OM during the Late Pliensbachian–Early Toarcian in the Tethyan region. Preliminary analysis revealed that Upper Pliensbachian–Lower Toarcian kerogen assemblages from the Betic Cordillera, Lusitanian, and Middle Atlas basins are dominated by terrestrial particles (phytoclasts and sporomorphs) and have relatively more positive δ13C values when compared with correlative North-European sections. In the Lusitanian Basin and Betic Cordillera, the T-OAE negative CIE is observed in the δ13CKerogen record and is accompanied by an increase in terrestrial palynomorphs, non-opaque phytoclasts (NOP), and cuticle fragments. These increases are in line with the posited intensification of continental weathering, acceleration of the hydrological cycle, and increased export of terrestrial OM into marine environments during the T-OAE.
Relationship between ROS production, MnSOD activation and periods of fasting and re-feeding in freshwater shrimpNeocaridina davidi(Crustacea, Malacostraca)
Authors: Włodarczyk Agnieszka , Wilczek Grażyna , Wilczek Piotr , Student Sebastian , Ostróżka Anna , Tarnawska Monika , Rost-Roszkowska Magdalena
Published: September 2019

The middle region of the digestive system, the midgut of freshwater shrimpNeocaridina davidiis composed of a tube-shaped intestine and the hepatopancreas formed by numerous caeca. Two types of cells have been distinguished in the intestine, the digestive cells (D-cells) and regenerative cells (R-cells). The hepatopancreatic tubules have three distinct zones distinguished along the length of each tubule—the distal zone with R-cells, the medial zone with differentiating cells, and the proximal zone with F-cells (fibrillar cells) and B-cells (storage cells). Fasting causes activation of cell death, a reduction in the amount of reserve material, and changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential. However, here we present how the concentration of ROS changes according to different periods of fasting and whether re-feeding causes their decrease. In addition, the activation/deactivation of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) was analyzed. The freshwater shrimpsNeocaridina davidi(Crustacea, Malacostraca, Decapoda) were divided into experimental groups: animals starved for 14 days, animals re-fed for 4, 7, and 14 days. The material was examined using the confocal microscope and the flow cytometry. Our studies have shown that long-term starvation increases the concentration of free radicals and MnSOD concentration in the intestine and hepatopancreas, while return to feeding causes their decrease in both organs examined. Therefore, we concluded that a distinct relationship between MnSOD concentration, ROS activation, cell death activation and changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential occurred.
Decision Making Capacity and Constraints Faced by Rural Women while Seeking Maternal and Child Health Care Services in Northeastern Bangladesh
Authors: Deb Eshita , Chowdhury Mitu , Kundu Indrajit , Pia Modhumita Bhattachirjee , Fatema Kanij
Published: September 2019

The aim of the study was to determine the association between rural women’s decision-making power and the constraints faced by them while seeking Maternal and Child Health care services in northeastern Bangladesh. The study sample consisted of 150 mothers living in northeastern Bangladesh who had accessed institutional MCH care services during their pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire using simple random sampling technique from January-April, 2018 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, decision making index and constraints facing indexing method through SPSS and Microsoft Excel. The study results showed that, decisions about treatment-seeking, consultation with the doctor during the prenatal and postnatal period, institutional birth preference and use/not use of contraceptives was always taken by the husband because the index was closer to the weighted value 200. But while making decisions about purchasing household daily needs, medicines, taking the first child or having more than two children, both husband and wife participated equally. On the other hands, constraint facing index showed that lack of medicine and vaccination, unhealthy environment and unprofessional behavior of the clinic’s people with CFI 651, 316 and 304 respectively, were the most commonly faced constraints by the rural women which discouraged them to seek institutional MCH care services. Though rural women were not completely suppressed in the northeastern region of Bangladesh, healthcare-seeking decisions were completely under the supervision of the men of families. Along with the socio-economic barriers, unprofessionalism, unavailability and mismanagement of the offered services also discouraged them to access institutional MCH care services. Awareness building among the rural people, especially in the recipients of this service along with Government and policy maker’s intervention to ensure a better quality of MCH care services can change the scenario of MCH care-seeking attitude of rural women in northeastern Bangladesh.
Spatial Variability of Heavy Metals in Surface Water and Sediment in the Kolo Creek Water Body in the Niger Delta of Nigeria and Geochemical Factors that Influence their Interactions Using Geo-accumulation Index
Authors: Ebuete Abinotami Williams , Bisong Andy Etta , Chukuma Okereke , Ndiwari Lucky E. , Ebuete Ibim Yarwamara
Published: September 2019

The Kolo Creek is an inland water body in the Niger Delta receiving organic and chemical wastes arising from anthropogenic activities within the catchment area. This study was therefore carried out to investigate the spatial variabilities of heavy metals in surface and sediment and their geochemical factors that influence their presence along the Kolo Creek in 2018 using Geo-accumulation index and pollution load index to extrapolate the level of heavy metal contraction in the two medium. Sediment and Water samples were collected for five (5) months and assessed from eight sampling points (A-h) for seven (7) heavy metals such as  Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Iron(Fe), Camium (Cd), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni) and Mercury (Hg). All the heavy metals had geo-accumulation indices below zero which indicates no pollution except Fe which had geo-accumulation index in the range 3.327 in surface water and 7.751 in sediment, furthermore, the pollution load index revealed a toxicity of 0.664 times in surface water as against 1.501 times in sediment exceeding the background concentration in the Kolo Creek. Hence, poor ecological ethics and culture should be discouraged to keep the Kolo Creek water under check for safe domestic water use.
Information-seeking Behaviour of Women Regarding Food Related Health and Hygiene Practices
Authors: Kaur Loveleen , Kaur Sukhjeet , Sharma Preeti
Published: September 2019

The present study was undertaken with the objectives to identify the information-seeking behaviour of women regarding food related health and hygiene practices, and to ascertain the relationship of information-seeking behaviour of women with their personal and socio-economic characteristics. The study was conducted in both the rural and urban areas of Ludhiana district of Punjab, India. A total of 200 women formed the sample for the study, and data was collected with the help of an interview schedule. Information-seeking behaviour was studied in terms of information needs, use of information sources and information source evaluation. Findings of the study revealed that majority of the respondents had low information needs for selected food related health and hygiene practices. Informal sources (like family, friends, neighbours and relatives) were the most frequently used sources of information, whereas use of all information sources i.e. formal sources, informal sources and mass media were found to be low by most of the respondents. Information sources were never evaluated by the majority of the respondents while looking for information on food related health and hygiene practices. Most of the respondents possessed passive information-seeking behaviour for food related health and hygiene practices. Information-seeking behaviour of the respondents was positively correlated with their education, caste, family income and mass media exposure while age of the respondents was negatively correlated with their information-seeking behaviour.
Biochemical and Hematological Impact of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infected Persons on Antiretroviral Drugs (ARDs) in Nigeria
Authors: Yakubu Ya’aba , Busu Mohammed Shehu , Fuh Nfrongeh Joseph , Toyosi Olatunji Kazeem , Aisha Abubakar , Mary Usoroh , Christiana Daniel Oluwaseun , Raji Abdulmumin Adam
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Biochemical and hematological abnormalities are among most common clinico-pathological manifestations of HIV/AIDS infected persons on antiretroviral drugs (ARDs). Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection are known to influence progression and management of HIV infection. Data are limited regarding the impact of ARDs on HIV/HCV co-infected persons in Nigeria. Hence, this study evaluated the biochemical and hematological impact of HCV on prognosis of HIV persons taking ARDs.

Materials and Methods: 2,322 HIV infected persons were screened for HCV. One hundred and nine were co-infected with HCV; and were cross-sectional monitored on ARDs for fifteen months at hospitals in North Central Nigeria for changes in clinical profiles. The determination of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate transaminase (AST), Packed cell volume (PCV) and White blood cells count (WBC) estimations were reviewed every 3 months for each of the person using Reflotron plus machine and hematological analyzer according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Results: The results showed an increase in both HIV mono-infected and co-infected patients, with raised in AST from 18.46±0.73 to 34.32±0.6053U/l, ALT from 19.37±0.6804 to 34.87±0.5637U/l, PCV from 34.20±0.2998 to 34.89±0.4895% and WBC from 3.50x109±0.0816 to 6.67x109±0.1204 cells/L and AST from 17.35±0.1542 to 34.49±0.0981U/l, ALT from 17.67±0.1412 to 34.80±0915U/l, PCV from 36.74±0.2902 to 38.37±0.4399% and WBC from 3.90x109±0.0251 to 6.19x109±0.0178 cells/L.

Conclusion: It was found that PCV and WBC count values were positively affected despite HCV replication and AST and ALT enzyme levels for both HIV-mono and co-infected persons were slightly elevated. Therefore, efforts addressing viral hepatitis co-infections at the early stage of ARDs initiation under qualified clinician should be of paramount important.
Factors Affect to Consumers Green Purchasing Behavior: A Study on Batticaloa District
Authors: Shamini H. , Hariharan G.
Published: September 2019

Nowadays the environmental issues become a global concern for whole countries. Thus, it could be observed a worldwide rapid ecological awareness; entire community has realized the necessity of environmental protection. At the same time, people are educated to become aware on the environmental protection. A research study revealed that “consumers are becoming more sensitive in their environmental attitudes, preferences, and purchases” [1]. Adopting green consumption behavior is a mechanism encourage to maintain sustainable environment. Meanwhile, both consumers and businesses are concerned about the development of sustainable environment in Sri Lanka. Though they have the willingness to adopt still their green consumption behavior is in the early stage.

This study attempts to identify the major factors affecting consumers’ green purchasing behavior in Batticaloa district. A sample of 200 consumers’ response attained through convenience sampling method to examine the key factors influencing to green purchasing behavior. The data obtained from the survey were analyzed with reliability test, mean and regression analysis. The findings revealed that perception of eco labeling, willingness to pay and green knowledge & eco literacy have a significant impact on green purchasing behavior. At the same time environmental laws & guidelines has no significant impact on green purchasing behavior. Hence, study concluded that perception of eco labeling, willingness to pay and green knowledge & eco literacy are key reasons to promote green purchasing behavior. It will help to policy makers and managers in formulating and implementing strategies to encourage green purchasing among the targeted consumers.
Responsive neurostimulation targeting anterior thalamic nucleus in generalized epilepsy
Authors: Herlopian Aline , Cash Sydney S. , Eskandar Emad M. , Jennings Tara , Cole Andrew J.
Published: September 2019

Responsive neurostimulation (RNS) has emerged as an adjunctive treatment modality for patients with intractable focal epilepsy who are not surgical candidates or have more than one ictal onset focus. We report a 34‐year‐old patient with intractable, childhood‐onset, genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) with tonic, atonic, myoclonic and absence seizures treated with RNS. Strip electrodes over the right posterior frontal cortex and depth electrodes placed in the right anterior nucleus were used for event detection and responsive stimulation. Two‐year follow‐up revealed 90–95% clinical seizure reduction. This case suggests that refractory GGE may be effectively treated with RNS targeting thalamocortical networks.
Enabling Stable Lithium Metal Anode through Electrochemical Kinetics Manipulation
Authors: Han Yehu , Jie Yulin , Huang Fanyang , Chen Yawei , Lei Zhanwu , Zhang Genqiang , Ren Xiaodi , Qin Lianjie , Cao Ruiguo , Jiao Shuhong
Published: September 2019

The surface morphology of Li metal anode significantly dictates the stability and safety of Li metal batteries. The key parameters for morphological control and causes for dendritic growth of Li anode are still not clear. Although the plating kinetics is generally believed to be associated with Li growth habits, the detailed models are still not well defined. In this work, the temperature effect on the stability and efficiency of Li anode is systematically investigated in a variety of electrolyte composition for Li metal batteries. A dendrite‐free growth mechanism is observed, and a high Coulombic efficiency up to ≈99.4% in Li||Cu cells is achieved by tuning the deposition behaviors at elevated temperatures. The results provide insights into the Li dendrite growth mechanism and general principle for developing stable Li anode.
Topological Phononics: From Fundamental Models to Real Materials
Authors: Liu Yizhou , Chen Xiaobin , Xu Yong
Published: September 2019

Effective manipulation of phonons is crucial to modern energy‐information science and technologies but limited by the charge neutral and spinless nature of phonons. Recently, novel quantum concepts, including Berry phase, topology, and pseudospin, are introduced to phonon systems, providing fundamentally new routes to control phonons, opening an emerging field of “topological phononics.” Here, the basic concepts of Berry phase, topology, and pseudospin for phonons are introduced. Also, recent research progresses on various phononic topological states are reviewed, including phononic Su‐Schrieffer‐Heeger‐like states in 1D, quantum anomalous Hall‐like states, quantum valley Hall‐like states, and quantum spin Hall‐like states in 2D, and phononic Weyl points, nodal lines, and topological insulators in 3D. In addition to the fundamental models, material realizations and potential applications of topological phononics are comprehensively presented.
Steerable Droplet Bouncing for Precise Materials Transportation
Authors: Zhao Zhipeng , Li Huizeng , Hu Xiaotian , Li An , Cai Zheren , Huang Zhandong , Su Meng , Li Fengyu , Li Mingzhu , Song Yanlin
Published: September 2019

Directional transportation of liquid droplets plays a significant role in various processes including anti‐fogging, anti‐icing, and materials transportation. Diverse strategies have been developed to achieve lateral bouncing of impacting droplets. However, due to the complexity of the interactions on the interface between a droplet and the solid, quantitatively manipulating the directional movement of the droplet still remains challenging. Here, it is proposed that the directional transportation of a droplet with precise controllability can be achieved by impacting it on a heterogenously wettable surface. It is found that the droplet lateral momentum correlates with the surface area of a geometric region that depends on the position‐coupling between the droplet maximum spreading and the wettability pattern. The well‐controlled droplet directional movement has generality for different Weber numbers and diverse superhydrophilic patterns. Based on this principle, functional materials are orientated to achieve precise positioning of regents for demand‐on chemical reactions, and micro‐floats are driven with different moving velocities. It offers a promising strategy for accurate droplet manipulation based on patterned wettability, which shows great potential in applications such as functional materials transportation, microfluidics, and energy collection and utilization.
Design and Fabrication of a Multifunctional Flexible Absorber (Flexorb) in the UV–Vis–NIR Wavelength Range
Authors: Ghai Viney , Baranwal Ankit , Singh Harpreet , Agnihotri Prabhat K.
Published: September 2019

Synthesis of a near perfect absorber is required for many technologically challenging areas. Most of the existing super absorbers are rigid and usually exploit the light in the visible range only leaving a significant part of available energy in the solar spectrum unutilized. Here the synthesis of a multifunctional flexible absorber (flexorb) with an ultrahigh absorbing capacity of >99% in the whole UV–vis–NIR region is reported. Flexorb is fabricated by texturing the polydimethylsiloxane matrix reinforced by ZnO nanorods, Fe particles and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The near perfect absorbing behavior of flexorb emanates from two factors: 1) the multiple scattering and subsequent trapping of incident light induced by texturing and fillers having varying geometries and aspect ratios and 2) reduced reflection losses at the flexorb/surrounding interface due to impedance matching provided by CNTs. The flexibility of flexorb ensures that it can be deformed in a variety of shapes without any damage or creasing failure and can be readily mounted on surfaces made of stainless steel, glass, or acrylic polymer. It is believed that the present work will trigger further research to develop flexible multifunctional absorbers for harnessing the solar energy in the broader spectrum for various applications.
Fabrication of Pixelated Organic Light‐Emitting Transistor (OLET) with a Pure Red‐Emitting Organic Semiconductor
Authors: Oh Sangyoon , Kim Jin Hong , Park Sang Kyu , Ryoo Chi Hyun , Park Soo Young
Published: September 2019

A pure red‐emitting organic light‐emitting transistor (OLET) is successfully fabricated using a π‐extended dicyanodistyrylbenzene‐type organic semiconductor material (Hex‐4‐TFPTA), which shows outstanding charge transport and solid‐state luminescence at the same time. Based on the structural (X‐ray) and photophysical analyses, it is found that the appropriate molecular stacking and highly allowed S1→S0 transition of Hex‐4‐TFPTA created the ambidextrous balance between electrical mobility (µe, FET ≈ 1 cm2 V−1 s−1) and solid‐state luminescent quantum yield, even in the deep‐red (DR) region (ΦF = 28%). Remarkably, the color purity of the red Hex‐4‐TFPTA thin film (0.70, 0.30) is close to the National Television System Committee (NTSC) standard primary red (0.67, 0.33) in Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIE) color space. Moreover, in this work, micropixelated areal OLET emission is demonstrated for the first time by patterning the organic layer via a novel soft‐lithographic technique called “patterned taping.”
Structure optimization of tailored ionic liquids and process simulation for shale gas separation
Authors: Liu Xinyan , Chen Yuqiu , Zeng Shaojuan , Zhang Xiangping , Zhang Suojiang , Liang Xiaodong , Gani Rafiqul , Kontogeorgis Georgios M.
Published: September 2019

Shale gas, as a potential substitute for energy source, requires important processing steps before utilization. The most common separation technology applied is distillation, which is energy‐intensive. With good stability, non‐volatility, and tailored properties, ionic liquids (ILs) are regarded as novel potential solvents and alternative media for gas absorption. Therefore, a new strategy for hybrid shale gas separation processing, where IL‐based absorption together with distillation is employed for energy‐efficient and cost‐economic gas processing, is developed. In this work, a three‐stage methodology for shale gas separation process is proposed: IL screening, where a systematic screening method with two options (database screening and computer‐aided design based on universal quasichemical functional‐group activity coefficient model) is established; suitable ILs are selected as promising candidates; process design and simulation, where separation schemes and important design issues in the IL‐based processes are determined; and, process evaluation, where the performance of the final separation process is evaluated and verified.
The association between network centrality and standard of living in a historical agrarian population
Authors: Jennings Julia A.
Published: September 2019

Objective

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between network centrality and living standards as measured by fertility and mortality responses to short‐term economic stress.

Methods

Cox proportional hazard models estimate the effects of staple grain price variation and eigenvector and beta centrality within marriage and labor networks on the timing of births and child mortality (1‐14 years) in a historical demographic data set from North Orkney, Scotland, 1851‐1911.

Results

Households that are peripheral to the marriage and labor network experience lower chances of a birth when food prices are high. The fertility of more central households is less sensitive to price changes. A similar, but weaker, pattern holds for child mortality, which is also sensitive to price fluctuations, although the social gradient is not as clear.

Conclusions

Marriage and labor network centrality is an indicator of standard of living in this remote, agricultural population. Households that are firmly embedded in the network are able to overcome and adjust to short‐term economic stress without demographic consequences, while those at the edges of the community experience delayed reproduction in poor years consistent with unplanned responses to stress.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Annulation of ortho‐Alkynylanilines: Synthesis of Axially Chiral Naphthyl‐C2‐indoles
Authors: Peng Lei , Li Kai , Xie Chuandong , Li Shan , Xu Da , Qin Wenling , Yan Hailong
Published: September 2019

A chiral Brønsted base catalyzed asymmetric annulation of ortho‐alkynylanilines has been developed to access axially chiral naphthyl‐C2‐indoles via vinylidene ortho‐quinone methide (VQM) intermediates. This strategy provides a unique organocatalytic atroposelective route to axially chiral aryl‐C2‐indole skeletons with excellent enantioselectivity and functional‐group tolerance. This transformation was applicable to decagram‐scale preparation (50.0 g) with perfect enantioselectivity through simple recrystallization. Moreover, the utility of this reaction was demonstrated by a variety of transformations towards chiral naphthyl‐C2‐indoles for a series of carbon–heteroatom bond formations. Furthermore, the prepared axially chiral naphthyl‐C2‐indoles were applied as a chiral skeleton for organocatalytic aza‐Baylis–Hillman reaction and asymmetric formal [4+2] tandem cyclization to give the corresponding adducts in high yields with improved enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity.
Polymer Composite Membrane with Penetrating ZIF‐7 Sheets Displays High Hydrogen Permselectivity
Authors: Ma Xixi , Wu Xiaocao , Caro Jürgen , Huang Aisheng
Published: September 2019

Oriented and penetrating molecular sieving membranes display enhanced separation performance. A polyimide (PI) solution containing highly dispersed ZIF‐7(III) sheets in CHCl3 was deposited on a glass side and subjected to flat‐scraping with a membrane fabricator. In this way we developed a novel oriented and penetrating ZIF‐7@PI mixed matrix membrane (MMM) with 50 wt. % ZIF‐7 loading. Because the height of the ZIF‐7 sheets (5 μm) is higher than the film thickness, every ZIF‐7 sheet penetrates both surfaces of the polyimide film. Since the ZIF‐7 channels are the dominant pathway for gas permeation, the ZIF‐7@PI MMM displays a high molecular sieve performance for the separation of H2 (0.29 nm) from larger gas molecules. At 100 °C and 2 bar, the mixture separation factors of H2/CO2 and H2/CH4 are 91.5 and 128.4, with a high H2 permeance of about 3.0×10−7 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1, which is promising for hydrogen separation by molecular sieving.
Dispersed Nickel Cobalt Oxyphosphide Nanoparticles Confined in Multichannel Hollow Carbon Fibers for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Wang Yan , Wang Sibo , Lou Xiong Wen (David)
Published: September 2019

Materials for high‐efficiency photocatalytic CO2 reduction are desirable for solar‐to‐carbon fuel conversion. Herein, highly dispersed nickel cobalt oxyphosphide nanoparticles (NiCoOP NPs) were confined in multichannel hollow carbon fibers (MHCFs) to construct the NiCoOP‐NPs@MHCFs catalysts for efficient CO2 photoreduction. The synthesis involves electrospinning, phosphidation, and carbonization steps and permits facile tuning of chemical composition. In the catalyst, the mixed metal oxyphosphide NPs with ultrasmall size and high dispersion offer abundant catalytically active sites for redox reactions. At the same time, the multichannel hollow carbon matrix with high conductivity and open ends will effectively promote mass/charge transfer, improve CO2 adsorption, and prevent the metal oxyphosphide NPs from aggregation. The optimized hetero‐metal oxyphosphide catalyst exhibits considerable activity for photosensitized CO2 reduction, affording a high CO evolution rate of 16.6 μmol h−1 (per 0.1 mg of catalyst).
Controlling the White‐Light Generation of [(RSn)4E6]: Effects of Substituent and Chalcogenide Variation
Authors: Dornsiepen Eike , Dobener Florian , Chatterjee Sangam , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: September 2019

Adamantane‐type organotin chalcogenide clusters of the general composition [(RT)4S6] (R=aromatic substituent, T=Si, Ge, Sn) have extreme non‐linear optical properties that lead to highly directional white‐light generation (WLG) upon irradiation with an IR laser diode. However, the mechanism is not yet understood. Now, a series of compounds [(RSn)4E6] (R=phenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl, CH2CH2(C6H4)CO2Et; E=S, Se), were prepared, characterized, and investigated for their nonlinear optical properties. With the exception of crystalline [(BnSn)4S6], all these compounds exhibit WLG with similar emission spectra; slight blue‐shifts are observed by introduction of cyclopentadienyl substituents, while the introduction of Se in the inorganic core can provoke a red‐shift. These investigations disprove the initial assumption of an aromatic substituent being a necessary precondition; the precondition seems to be the presence of (cyclic) substituents providing enough electron density.
Exploiting the versatility of pyridyl ligands for the preparation of diorganotin (IV) adducts: spectral, crystallographic and Hirshfeld surface analysis studies
Authors: Momeni Badri Z. , Fathi Nastaran , Abbasi Reyhaneh , Janczak Jan
Published: September 2019

Diorganotin (IV) complexes SnR2X2 (R = Me, Ph; X = Cl, NCS) form a series of versatile complexes when react with bidentate substituted pyridyl ligands. The reaction of dimethyltin dichloride with 5,5′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine (5,5′‐Me2bpy) resulted in the formation of [SnMe2Cl2(5,5′‐Me2bpy)] (1). Moreover, the reaction of SnMe2(NSC)2 with 4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine (bu2bpy), 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen) and 4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline (bphen) affords the hexa‐coordinated complexes [SnMe2(NCS)2(bu2bpy)] (2), [SnMe2(NCS)2(phen)] (3) and [SnMe2(NCS)2(bphen)] (4), respectively. The resulting complexes have been characterized using elemental analysis, IR, multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C, 119Sn) and DEPT‐135° NMR spectroscopy. On the other hand, the reaction of diphenyltin dichloride with 2,2′‐biquinoline (biq) and 4,7‐phenantroline (4,7‐phen) led to the formation of polymeric complexes of [SnPh2Cl2(4,7‐phen)]n (5) and [SnPh2Cl2(biq)]n (6). The NMR spectra, however, reveal the ligand lability in solution and suggest a coordination number of 5. The X‐ray crystal structures of complexes [SnMe2Cl2(5,5′‐Me2bpy)] (1), [SnMe2(NCS)2(bu2bpy)] (2) and [SnMe2(NCS)2(bphen)] (4) have been determined which reveal that the geometry around the tin atom is distorted octahedral with trans‐[SnMe2] configuration. Interestingly, the crystal structure of (H2biq)2[SnPh2Cl4]•2CHCl3 (7) was characterized by X‐ray crystallography from a chloroform solution of [SnPh2Cl2(biq)]n (6) indicating the formation of doubly protonated [H2biq]+ and [Ph2SnCl4]2− which are stabilized by a network of hydrogen bonds with a feature of trans‐[SnPh2]. The 3D Hirshfeld surface analysis and 2D fingerprint maps were used for quantitative mapping out of the intermolecular interactions for 1, 2, 4 and 7 which show the presence of π‐π and hydrogen bonding interactions which are associated between donor and acceptor atoms (N, S, Cl) in the solid state.