bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legality Constraints: The Emergence of a Dual Market for Tropical Timber Products?
Authors: Masiero Mauro , Pettenella Davide , Cerutti Paolo
Published: October 2015

The European Union (EU), the United States of America (USA), and Australia have adopted specific measures to avoid the placing of illegal timber on their markets. These measures might encourage the diversion of timber products from traditional large importers to destinations with a less stringent regulatory framework. During 2001–2013, the international trade in tropical primary timber products (logs; sawnwood; veneers and plywood) decreased by 13% in volume and increased by almost 5% in value. Imports by Australia, the EU, and the USA halved, while those by emerging economies such as China and India initially remained stable and later increased. Tropical timber products—mostly logs and sawnwood—might have been diverted towards emerging economies over the period considered. This general trend is confirmed when analyzing imports from countries that are implementing voluntary partnership agreements (VPA) within the EU Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) Action Plan. Several factors might influence these market dynamics, including changes induced by the 2008 financial crisis and the increasing domestic demand for timber products by emerging nations. The effects of legality measures on market trends are still unclear. Nonetheless, they might have encouraged uncertainty with regards to traditional importers and favored emerging ones.
Magnetic Gel Composites for Hyperthermia Cancer Therapy
Authors: Häring Marleen , Schiller Jana , Mayr Judith , Grijalvo Santiago , Eritja Ramon , Díaz David
Published: October 2015

Hyperthermia therapy is a medical treatment based on the exposition of body tissue to slightly higher temperatures than physiological (i.e., between 41 and 46 °C) to damage and kill cancer cells or to make them more susceptible to the effects of radiation and anti-cancer drugs. Among several methods suitable for heating tumor areas, magnetic hyperthermia involves the introduction of magnetic micro/nanoparticles into the tumor tissue, followed by the application of an external magnetic field at fixed frequency and amplitude. A very interesting approach for magnetic hyperthermia is the use of biocompatible thermo-responsive magnetic gels made by the incorporation of the magnetic particles into cross-linked polymer gels. Mainly because of the hysteresis loss from the magnetic particles subjected to a magnetic field, the temperature of the system goes up and, once the temperature crosses the lower critical solution temperature, thermo-responsive gels undergo large volume changes and may deliver anti-cancer drug molecules that have been previously entrapped in their networks. This tutorial review describes the main properties and formulations of magnetic gel composites conceived for magnetic hyperthermia therapy.
Early Substance Use Initiation and Suicide Ideation and Attempts among School-Aged Adolescents in Four Pacific Island Countries in Oceania
Authors: Peltzer Karl , Pengpid Supa
Published: October 2015

This study aimed to investigate the correlations between early initiation (<12 years) of smoking cigarettes, alcohol use, and drug use (cannabis) with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in school-aged adolescents in four Pacific Island countries in Oceania. The sample included 6540 adolescents (≤13 to ≥16 years old) from Kiribati, Samoa, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to assess the association between pre-adolescent substance use initiation and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Results indicate a prevalence of 25.8% suicidal ideation in the past 12 months (ranging from 17.2% in Vanuatu to 34.7% in Kiribati) and 34.9% suicide attempts in the past 12 months (ranging from 23.5% in Vanuatu to 62.0% in Samoa). The prevalence of early cigarette smoking initiation was 15.7%, early alcohol initiation 13.8%, and early drug use initiation was 12.9%. Students who reported pre-adolescent substance use initiation, compared with non-substance users, were more likely reporting suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. The concurrent initiation of cigarette smoking, alcohol, and drug use should be targeted in early prevention programmes in order to prevent possible subsequent suicidal behaviours.
The Effects of Leptin on Breastfeeding Behaviour
Authors: Cannon Anna , Kakulas Foteini , Hepworth Anna , Lai Ching , Hartmann Peter , Geddes Donna
Published: October 2015

Breastfed infants have a reduced risk of becoming overweight and/or obese later in life. This protective effect has been partly attributed to leptin present in breastmilk. This study investigated 24-h variations of skim milk leptin and its relationship with breastmilk macronutrients and infant breastfeeding patterns. Exclusive breastfeeding mothers of term singletons (n = 19; age 10 ± 5 weeks) collected pre- and post-feed breastmilk samples for every breastfeed over a 24-h period and test-weighed their infants to determine milk intake at every breastfeed over a 24-h period. Samples (n = 454) were analysed for leptin, protein, lactose and fat content. Skim milk leptin concentration did not change with feeding (p = 0.184). However, larger feed volumes (>105 g) were associated with a decrease in post-feed leptin levels (p = 0.009). There was no relationship between the change in leptin levels and change in protein (p = 0.313) or lactose levels (p = 0.587) between pre- and post-feed milk, but there was a trend for a positive association with changes in milk fat content (p = 0.056). Leptin concentration significantly increased at night (p < 0.001) indicating a possible 24-h pattern. Leptin dose (ng) was not associated with the time between feeds (p = 0.232). Further research should include analysis of whole breastmilk and other breastmilk fractions to extend these findings.
Systematic Analysis of the Maize PHD-Finger Gene Family Reveals a Subfamily Involved in Abiotic Stress Response
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Liu Jinyang , Wang Yu , Zhao Yang , Jiang Haiyang , Cheng Beijiu
Published: October 2015

Plant homeodomain (PHD)-finger proteins were found universally in eukaryotes and known as key players in regulating transcription and chromatin structure. Many PHD-finger proteins have been well studied on structure and function in animals. Whereas, only a few of plant PHD-finger factors had been characterized, and majority of PHD-finger proteins were functionally unclear. In this study, a complete comprehensive analysis of maize PHD family is presented. Sixty-seven PHD-finger genes in maize were identified and further divided into ten groups according to phylogenetic analysis that was supported by motif and intron/exon analysis. These genes were unevenly distributed on ten chromosomes and contained 12 segmental duplication events, suggesting that segmental duplications were the major contributors in expansion of the maize PHD family. The paralogous genes mainly experienced purifying selection with restrictive functional divergence after the duplication events on the basis of the Ka/Ks ratio. Gene digital expression analysis showed that the PHD family had a wide expression profile in maize development. In addition, 15 potential stress response genes were detected by promoter cis-element and expression analysis. Two proteins ZmPHD14 and ZmPHD19 were located in the nucleus. These results provided a solid base for future functional genome study of the PHD-finger family in maize and afforded important clues for characterizing and cloning potentially important candidates in response to abiotic stresses.
Mycemycins A–E, New Dibenzoxazepinones Isolated from Two Different Streptomycetes
Authors: Liu Ning , Song Fangying , Shang Fei , Huang Ying
Published: October 2015

Five new dibenzoxazepinone derivatives, mycemycins A–E (1–5), were isolated from the ethanol extracts of mycelia of two different streptomycetes. 1 and 2 were isolated from an acidic red soil-derived strain, Streptomyces sp. FXJ1.235, and 3–5 from a gntR gene-disrupted deep-sea strain named Streptomyces olivaceus FXJ8.012Δ1741. The structures of mycemycins were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic analyses, including 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques.
Serious Drug-Drug Interactions in the Prescriptions of Diabetic Patients
Authors: Sankar Veintramuthu , Saaed Yousif , Joseph Rinku , Azizi Hudson , Thomas Pinky
Published: October 2015

A large number of drugs are introduced every year, and newer interactions between medications are increasingly reported. Clinically significant drug interactions can occur when two or more drugs are taken in combination. With the continuing increase in the list of drugs capable of interactions, detection of these interactions from prescriptions becomes more important to ensure effective patient care. The aim of this study is to identify the possible drug interactions in the prescriptions of diabetic inpatients and to make physicians aware of these interactions to prevent the occurrence of clinically adverse effects. In a specially designed and validated data entry format, data for the following criteria were collected: drugs prescribed, major drug class prescribed, pharmacological classification of the observed drug interaction, and frequently occurring drug interactions. All the possible drug interactions were identified and evaluated using standard drug interaction reference books and databases. During the study period, 50 prescriptions of diabetic inpatients were screened randomly. Out of these prescriptions, 35 (70%) prescriptions had at least one possible drug-drug interaction. The major classes of drugs causing interactions included cardiac drugs (92%), analgesic drugs (66%), antibiotic drugs (52%), antidiabetic drugs (26%), diuretic drugs (26%), and antipsychotic drugs (24%). This study showed that 34 (68%) of the above prescriptions had minor interactions, 33(66%) had moderate interactions, and 10 (20%) had severe interactions. Of these, the drugs prescribed specifically for diabetes caused only nine moderate interactions. Thus, screening of prescriptions by the clinical pharmacist will help to minimize clinical occurrence of major/severe drug interactions in diabetic patients.
Epstein-Barr Virus EBER Transcripts Affect miRNA-Mediated Regulation of Specific Targets and Are Processed to Small RNA Species
Authors: Alles Julia , Hasler Daniele , Kazmi Syed , Tesson Mathias , Hamilton Andrew , Schlegel Linda , Marx Stefanie , Eichner Norbert , Reinhardt Richard , Meister Gunter , Wilson Joanna , Grässer Friedrich
Published: October 2015

The oncogenic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) expresses 44 mature microRNAs and two non-coding EBER RNAs of 167 (EBER1) and 172 (EBER2) nt length. MiRNA profiling of NK/T cell lines and primary cells and Northern blotting of EBV-infected cell lines and primary tumors revealed processing of EBER1 to short 5′-derived RNAs of approximately 23, 52 and 70 nt (EBER123, EBER152, and EBER170) and of EBER2 to 3′ fragments. The biogenesis of these species is independent of Dicer, and EBER123 does not act like a miRNA OPEN ACCESS Non-Coding RNA 2015, 1 171 to target its complementary sequence. EBER1, EBER2 and EBER123 were bound by the lupus antigen (La), a nuclear and cytoplasmic protein that facilitates RNAi. Consistent with this, the EBERs affect regulation of interleukin 1alpha (IL1α) and RAC1 reporters harboring miR target sequences, targets of miR-142-3p. However, the EBERs have no effect upon another target of miR-142-3p, ADCY9, nor on TOMM22, a target of ebv-miR-BART16, indicative of selective modulation of gene expression by the EBERs.
Vitamin D Deficiency Increases the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Zhang Meng-Xi , Pan Guo-Tao , Guo Jian-Fen , Li Bing-Yan , Qin Li-Qiang , Zhang Zeng-Li
Published: October 2015

The results investigating the relationship between vitamin D levels and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are inconsistent. Thus, we focused on evaluating the association of vitamin D deficiency with GDM by conducting a meta-analysis of observed studies. A systematic literature search was conducted via PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane library to identify eligible studies before August 2015. The meta-analysis of 20 studies including 9209 participants showed that women with vitamin D deficiency experienced a significantly increased risk for developing GDM (odds ratio (OR) = 1.53; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.33, 1.75) with a little heterogeneity (I2 = 16.20%, p = 0.252). A noteworthy decrease of 4.93 nmol/L (95% CI, −6.73, −3.14) in serum 25(OH)D was demonstrated in the participants with GDM, and moderate heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 61.40%, p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis with study design showed that there were obvious heterogeneities in nested case–control studies (I2 > 52.5%, p < 0.07). Sensitivity analysis showed that exclusion of any single study did not materially alter the overall combined effect. In summary, the evidence from this meta-analysis indicates a consistent association between vitamin D deficiency and an increased risk of GDM. However, well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to elicit the clear effect of vitamin D supplementation on prevention of GDM.
Detecting the Temporal Scaling Behavior of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Time Series in China Using a Detrended Fluctuation Analysis
Authors: Guo Xiaoyi , Zhang Hongyan , Yuan Tao , Zhao Jianjun , Xue Zhenshan
Published: October 2015

Vegetation is an important part of terrestrial ecosystems. Although vegetation dynamics have explicit spatial and temporal dimensions, the study of the temporal process is in its infancy. Evaluation of temporal scaling behavior could provide a unique perspective for exploring the temporal nature of vegetation dynamics. In this study, the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to reflect vegetation dynamics, and the temporal scaling behavior of the NDVI in China was determined via detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). Our main objectives were to reveal the temporal scaling behavior of NDVI time series and to understand variation among vegetation types. First, DFA revealed similar exponents, which ranged from 0.6 to 0.9, for all selected pixels, implying that a long-range correlation was generally present in the NDVI time series at the individual pixel scale. We then extended the analysis to all of China and found that 99.30% of the pixel exponents ranged from 0.5 to 1. These results suggest that the NDVI time series displays strong long-range correlation throughout most of China; however, the exponents exhibited regional variability. To explain these differences, we further analyzed the exponents for 12 vegetation types based on a vegetation map of China. All of the vegetation types exhibited well-defined long-range correlation, with exponents ranging from 0.7189 to 0.8436. For all vegetation types, the maximum and average value and standard deviation of the exponents decreased with increasing annual maximum NDVI values, suggesting that low vegetation density is much more sensitive to external factors. These findings may be useful for understanding vegetation dynamics as a complex, temporally varying phenomenon.
Monitoring Irrigation Consumption Using High Resolution NDVI Image Time Series: Calibration and Validation in the Kairouan Plain (Tunisia)
Authors: Saadi Sameh , Simonneaux Vincent , Boulet Gilles , Raimbault Bruno , Mougenot Bernard , Fanise Pascal , Ayari Hassan , Lili-Chabaane Zohra
Published: October 2015

Water scarcity is one of the main factors limiting agricultural development in semi-arid areas. Remote sensing has long been used as an input for crop water balance monitoring. The increasing availability of high resolution high repetitivity remote sensing (forthcoming Sentinel-2 mission) offers an unprecedented opportunity to improve this monitoring. In this study, regional crop water consumption was estimated with the SAMIR software (SAtellite Monitoring of IRrigation) using the FAO-56 dual crop coefficient water balance model fed with high resolution NDVI image time series providing estimates of both the actual basal crop coefficient and the vegetation fraction cover. Three time series of SPOT5 images have been acquired over an irrigated area in central Tunisia along with a SPOT4 time series acquired in the frame of the SPOT4-Take5 experiment, which occurred during the first half of 2013. Using invariant objects located in the scene, normalization of the SPOT5 time series was realized based on the SPOT4-Take5 time series. Hence, a NDVI time profile was generated for each pixel. The operationality and accuracy of the SAMIR tool was assessed at both plot scale (calibration based on evapotranspiration ground measurements) and perimeter scale (irrigation volumes) when several land use types, irrigation and agricultural practices are intertwined in a given landscape. Results at plot scale gave after calibration an average Nash efficiency of 0.57 between observed and modeled evapotranspiration for two plots (barley and wheat). When aggregated for the whole season, modeled irrigation volumes at perimeter scale for all campaigns were close to observed ones (resp. 135 and 121 mm, overestimation of 11.5%). However, spatialized evapotranspiration and irrigation volumes need to be improved at finer timescales.
Estimating Natural Environmental Characteristics of Subsidized Households: A Case Study of Austin, Texas
Authors: Kim Young-Jae , Woo Ayoung
Published: October 2015

Compared to the traditional public housing program, the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program has been regarded as a better tool to ensure the quality of housing structure for subsidized households and the mixing of incomes in neighborhoods. Previous studies related to LIHTC developments have solely focused on the relationships between subsidized households and socioeconomic environments, such as income, race, poverty, etc. Beyond the socioeconomic environments where subsidized households are located, there is a limited understanding about whether subsidized households experience healthier natural environments in their neighborhoods. This study aims to investigate whether LIHTC-subsidized housing neighborhoods provide adequate natural environments to the subsidized households in Austin, Texas, compared to the public housing households. We employ comparison t-tests and binomial logistic regression models. The results show that LIHTC households are significantly exposed to unhealthy natural environmental settings such as a lack of green vegetation and steep slopes while no statistical evidence is reported for public housing neighborhoods. Findings from this study may help policymakers and planners improve their understanding of whether subsidized housing developments offer better natural environments for disadvantaged populations and help them develop effective environmental intervention strategies to improve the quality of life of subsidized households.
Multi-Scale Measurement of Regional Inequality in Mainland China during 2005–2010 Using DMSP/OLS Night Light Imagery and Population Density Grid Data
Authors: Xu Huimin , Yang Hutao , Li Xi , Jin Huiran , Li Deren
Published: October 2015

This study used the Night Light Development Index (NLDI) to measure the regional inequality of public services in Mainland China at multiple scales. The NLDI was extracted based on a Gini Coefficient approach to measure the spatial differences of population distribution and night light distribution. Population data were derived from the dataset of China’s population density grid, and night light data were acquired from satellite imagery. In the multi-scale analysis, we calculated the NLDI for China as a whole, eight economic regions, 31 provincial regions, and 354 prefectural cities for the two years of 2005 and 2010. The results indicate that Southwest China and Northwest China are the regions with the most unequal public services, with NLDI values of 0.7116 and 0.7251 for 2005, respectively, and 0.6678 and 0.6304 for 2010, respectively. In contrast, Northern Coastal China had the lowest NLDI values of 0.4775 and 0.4312 for 2005 and 2010, respectively, indicating that this region had the most equal public services. Also, the regional inequality of Mainland China in terms of NLDI has been reduced from 0.6161 to 0.5743 during 2005–2010. The same pattern was observed from the provincial and prefectural analysis, suggesting that public services in Mainland China became more equal within the five-year period. A regression analysis indicated that provincial and prefectural regions with more public services per capita and higher population density had more equal public services.
GHG Mitigation Potential of Different Grazing Strategies in the United States Southern Great Plains
Authors: Wang Tong , Teague W. , Park Seong , Bevers Stan
Published: October 2015

The possibility of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by ruminants using improved grazing is investigated by estimating GHG emissions for cow-calf farms under light continuous (LC), heavy continuous (HC) and rotational grazing, also known as multi-paddock (MP), management strategies in Southern Great Plain (SGP) using life cycle assessment (LCA). Our results indicated a GHG emission with these grazing treatments of 8034.90 kg·CO2e·calf−1·year−1 for cow-calf farms in SGP region, which is high, compared to that for other regions, due to the high percentage (79.6%) of enteric CH4 emissions caused by relatively lower feed quality on the unfertilized rangeland. Sensitivity analyses on MP grazing strategy showed that an increase in grass quality and digestibility could potentially reduce GHG emission by 30%. Despite higher GHG emissions on a per calf basis, net GHG emissions in SGP region are potentially negative when carbon (C) sequestration is taken into account. With net C emission rates of −2002.8, −1731.6 and −89.5 kg C ha−1·year−1 after converting from HC to MP, HC to LC and from LC to MP, our analysis indicated cow-calf farms converting from continuous to MP grazing in SGP region are likely net carbon sinks for decades.
Assessment of the Sustainable Development Capacity with the Entropy Weight Coefficient Method
Authors: Wang Qingsong , Yuan Xueliang , Zhang Jian , Gao Yun , Hong Jinglan , Zuo Jian , Liu Wei
Published: October 2015

Sustainable development is widely accepted in the world. How to reflect the sustainable development capacity of a region is an important issue for enacting policies and plans. An index system for capacity assessment is established by employing the Entropy Weight Coefficient method. The results indicate that the sustainable development capacity of Shandong Province is improving in terms of its economy subsystem, resource subsystem, and society subsystem whilst degrading in its environment subsystem. Shandong Province has shown the general trend towards sustainable development. However, the sustainable development capacity can be constrained by the resources such as energy, land, water, as well as environmental protection. These issues are induced by the economy development model, the security of energy supply, the level of new energy development, the end-of-pipe control of pollution, and the level of science and technology commercialization. Efforts are required to accelerate the development of the tertiary industry, the commercialization of high technology, the development of new energy and renewable energy, and the structure optimization of energy mix. Long-term measures need to be established for the ecosystem and environment protection.
Physics of the Chemical Asymmetry of the Cell Membrane: Implications in Gene Regulation and Pharmacology
Authors: Omran Ziad , Williams Paula , Rauch Cyril
Published: October 2015

Signalling proteins are key regulators of basic cell physiology and tissues morphogenesis. Whilst signalling proteins are paramount for the cell to function optimally, their down regulation or inhibition is also central to tune the cell and its environment. One process involved in this tuning mechanism is membrane budding, otherwise known as endocytosis. The origin of the physical force driving the budding process and endocytosis has been the subject of much controversy. After two decades the budding process is now well described and it is acknowledged that fundamental principles from soft matter physics are at play. This opens a new window for understanding gene regulations, pharmacokinetic and multi drug resistance in cancer. This review recalls the first steps that have led to a better understanding of cell biology through the use of physics and; how the use of physics has shed light in areas of cell biology, cancer and pharmacology. It is, therefore, not a review of the many enzymes involved in membrane vesiculation and membrane curvature; it is more of an historical account.
Simulating Transport and Land Use Interdependencies for Strategic Urban Planning—An Agent Based Modelling Approach
Authors: Huynh Nam , Perez Pascal , Berryman Matthew , Barthélemy Johan
Published: October 2015

Agent based modelling has been widely accepted as a promising tool for urban planning purposes thanks to its capability to provide sophisticated insights into the social behaviours and the interdependencies that characterise urban systems. In this paper, we report on an agent based model, called TransMob, which explicitly simulates the mutual dynamics between demographic evolution, transport demands, housing needs and the eventual change in the average satisfaction of the residents of an urban area. The ability to reproduce such dynamics is a unique feature that has not been found in many of the like agent based models in the literature. TransMob, is constituted by six major modules: synthetic population, perceived liveability, travel diary assignment, traffic micro-simulator, residential location choice, and travel mode choice. TransMob is used to simulate the dynamics of a metropolitan area in South East of Sydney, Australia, in 2006 and 2011, with demographic evolution. The results are favourably compared against survey data for the area in 2011, therefore validating the capability of TransMob to reproduce the observed complexity of an urban area. We also report on the application of TransMob to simulate various hypothetical scenarios of urban planning policies. We conclude with discussions on current limitations of TransMob, which serve as suggestions for future developments.
Expanding Space, Quasars and St. Augustine’s Fireworks
Authors: Chashchina Olga , Silagadze Zurab
Published: October 2015

An attempt is made to explain time non-dilation allegedly observed in quasar light curves. The explanation is based on the assumption that quasar black holes are, in some sense, foreign for our Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe and do not participate in the Hubble flow. Although at first sight such a weird explanation requires unreasonably fine-tuned Big Bang initial conditions, we find a natural justification for it using the Milne cosmological model as an inspiration.
Contribution à l'étude des céramiques modelées de l'Age du Fer dans le département de l'Aude.
Authors: Rancoule Guy
Published: October 2015

Contribution to the study of hand modelled pottery in the Aude Department.

Several Iron Age sites in the Department have been the object of publications or are currently in the course of study. A first approach to hand modelled pottery (not wheel-turned) defines an evolving typology (forms and decorations) from late Bronze III-B to the first century B.C. The analysis of the relative proportions of the principal categories (local hand modelled or wheel-turned pottery, imported or "occidental greek" pottery) during the course of that same period (in five successive phases) show the quantitative decline of hand modelled productions from the start of the sixth century B.C. Another inventory indicates the evolution of the proportions between the indigeneous open and closed forms, hand modelled or wheel-turned. Interesting observations concern the utilisation of the different ceramic forms in domestic life.
La céramique campanienne de Saint-Blaise (Saint-Mitre-les-Remparts, B.-du-Rh.).
Authors: Cayot Anne
Published: October 2015

The Campanian pottery from Saint-Blaise (Saint-Mitre-les-Remparts, B.-du-Rh.).

During the excavations conducted by H. Rolland from 1955 to 1970, the late Iron Age levels of Saint-Blaise were explored over about 5000 square meters. A bundant italic black glaze pottery was unearthed. The detailed study of the Campanian pottery series, widely diffused in the Midi during the second century B. C, deals with more than 6000 fragments and 1600 individual vases.

The critical and comparative inventory of forms and decorations, analysed in their relative proportions, define a precise aspect of imported wares at a coastal site of the rhodanian delta. Because of the absence of stratigraphie references, it is not possible to give an accurate appraisal of the commercial development and typological evolution of this pottery. However, crossexamination of chronological data suggests a brutal destruction of the site before the end of the second century B. C. This definitively confirms what was suspected from the study of other archaeological materials.
Les constructions en terre au IIème s. av. J.-C. sur l'oppidum du Baou-Roux (Bouc-Bel-Air, B.-du-Rh.)
Authors: Boissinot Philippe
Published: October 2015

Second century B.C. earthen constructions at the hill-fort of Baou-Roux (Bouc-Bel- Air, B.-du-Rh.).

The promontory settlement of Baou-Roux has been known since G. Vasseur's publication in 1903. The amplification of research since 1978 has permited the precision and completion of the chronological table of the different periods of occupation, from the Early Bronze Age of "Laure" type to the Iron Age, with an important development during the second century B.C. Analysis of the finds and structures indicate a brutal destruction at the end of that century.

Data from the latest excavations allow a consideration of the techniques developed during the second century B.C. concerning the utilisation of earth as a principal construction material. Sedimentary analyses have made it possible to classify the soils according to specific uses and to locate their diverse sources around the settlement. Further observations in the field also allowed a critical inventory of the techniques practised at different stages of construction.
Inscriptions inédites de la Cité de Nîmes
Authors: Garmy Pierre , Pey Jean
Published: October 2015

Depuis deux ans, plusieurs blocs antiques décorés ou inscrits ont été découverts (ou retrouvés) à Nîmes et alentour.
L'oppidum de Roquefavour à Ventabren (B.-du-Rh.) (recherches 1975-1983)
Authors: Musso Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2015

Avec ses 5 ha de superficie, l'oppidum de Roquefavour est un des plus vastes de Provence occidentale, mais demeurait un des plus mal connus. La présente illustration, résultant de huit années de fouilles, comble aujourd'hui cette lacune. Les recherches ont porté sur la fortification et sur deux secteurs de l'habitat intérieur, en particulier sur le quartier sud-ouest où une rue et deux parties d'îlots sont explorées. L'auteur donne une description systématique de l'agencement spatial des habitations, de leur stratigraphie, des particularités architecturales ou domestiques (fours, foyers, fosses rituelles,...).

Un premier panorama du mobilier métallique et céramique est présenté. Plusieurs phases d'occupation sont individualisées ; la dernière, correspondant aux structures étudiées, est à placer durant la seconde moitié du Ier s. av. J.-C.
Expérimentations pratiques de technologies céramiques [Technologies céramiques]
Authors: Garidel Yves
Published: October 2015

L'auteur, homme de terrain et préhistorien, présente de façon très synthétique, le résultat de trois années consacrées à l'expérimentation directe des technologies employées par les potiers préhistoriques. Les considérations avancées, à partir d'une démarche pratique la plus objective possible, n'ont pas la prétention de faire le tour du sujet. Elles entraînent plutôt le lecteur dans quelques directions précises (se rapportant à la préparation des pâtes, au façonnage, à la décoration ou à la cuisson) pour rappeler la complexité des problèmes qui se posaient au potier, mais aussi pour démythifier nombre d'à priori techniques. Une source de réflexions pour beaucoup de nos collègues céramologues pré-et protohistoriens...
Analyse pétrographique d'un lot d'urnes indigènes de l'oppidum de Montjean (Var)
Authors: Echallier Jean-Claude , Wallon Denis
Published: October 2015

Petrographic analysis of a group of indigenous urns from the Montjean hill-fort (Var).

The analysis of a lot of samples carefully selected within a large group of closed vases, hand modelled (not wheel turned) classed in four main groups, enabled to distinguish six pétrographie clusters. Compared to the geological outcrops surrounding the Saint-Tropez Bay area, the analysis revealed a regional diversity in the origine of the material utilized. One vase would even be of foreign origine. These are interesting facts that could perhaps be related to certain modalities of the land occupation.
Un simpulum à double usage découvert à Sainte-Catherine, Lambesc (B.-du-Rh.)
Authors: Almes Guiral , Proust Jean , Rigoir Jacqueline , Rigoir Yves
Published: October 2015

A la suite d'une fouille d'urgence menée en 1985 sur le site de Sainte-Catherine, une nécropole et un ensemble d'habitats successifs furent mis au jour. C'est dans niveau archéologique daté de la seconde moitié du Ier s. av. J.-C. qu'un simpulum a été découvert, pratiquement intact. Il offre la particularité d'être pourvu, à l'extrémité de son manche, d'un disque légèrement incurvé et percé de trous (écumoire, filtre, passoire,...).
Eléments en os de lits gallo-romains
Authors: Béal Jean-Claude
Published: October 2015

Cet article fait l'inventaire des éléments en os travaillé trouvés en Gaule et appartenant à des lits d'époque romaine. L'analyse détaillée et illustrée des différentes pièces en os qui s'intègrent à ce type de meuble, leur répartition géographique, montre que l'usage en est essentiellement limité aux régions méridionales et au couloir rhodanien. Si le rôle funéraire de tels lits est incontestable, leur place éventuelle dans le mobilier de la maison semble être de plus en plus probable.
A propos d' une inscription de Lédignan (C.I.L., XII, 3034 ; cité de Nîmes).
Authors: Christol Michel , Darde Dominique
Published: October 2015

Concerning an inscription found at Lédignan (C.I.L., XII, 3034 ; Nîmes).

The recent acquisition by the Nîmes Museum of an inscription published in 1873 (C.I.L., XII, 3034) enables a new examination which results in an other interpretation of the text. This latter one strengthens the existing testimony of a more complex development in the study of immigrate names, involved in the action inherent to the Romanization of the Nîmes area.
Découverte d'un bloc sculpté en bas-relief près du mausolée de Saint-Julien-lès-Martigues (Martigues, B.-du-Rh)
Authors: Rivet Lucien
Published: October 2015

Un bloc sculpté en calcaire de La Couronne a été découvert entre Martigues et Sausset-les-Pins à l'occasion de travaux routiers. Sans nul doute, cet élément architectural doit être rattaché au mausolée voisin de Saint-Julien, que l'auteur présente et illustre.
Un lot de Dérivées-des-Sigillées Paléochrétiennes à Iluro (Mataró, El Maresme, Espagne)
Authors: Bacaria i Martrus Albert
Published: October 2015

Les fouilles récentes de Matarô (Catalogne, Espagne) viennent de mettre en évidence, dans un niveau scellé par un pavement, un lot de céramiques Dérivées-des-Sigillées Paléochrétiennes dont une assiette de forme Rigoir 1 richement ornée. L'intérêt de la présentation réside dans la datation du contexte : la couche concernée paraît être mise en place peu après 425. Cette note contribue à la connaissance des importations de ces céramiques (essentiellement languedociennes) dans le nord-est de la Péninsule ibérique.
La dernière période d'occupation de l'oppidum des Baou de Saint-Marcel à Marseille. Les céramiques d'importation et le monnayage
Authors: Guichard Christiane , Rayssiguier Guy , Chabot Louis
Published: October 2015

Cet article sur le site indigène bien connu des Baou de Saint-Marcel (à quelques kilomètres seulement de la cité phocéenne de Marseille) présente une synthèse de l'ensemble des céramiques tournées importées. Outre l'avantage d'offrir aux chercheurs méditerranéens un catalogue illustré de ce type de documents, la publication de cet ensemble permet aux auteurs de situer l'abandon définitif de l'oppidum vers l'extrême fin du IIème s. L'analyse de l'intégralité du monnayage inciterait même à proposer une période un peu plus récente, autour de 100 av. n. è.
La production de céramiques gallo-romaines à "bords noircis" et à "patine cendrée" dans le Biterrois
Authors: Dodinet Marianne , Leblanc Jacques
Published: October 2015

L'analyse des céramiques et des rebuts de cuisson provenant de cinq ateliers de potier repérés sur le territoire de la cité de Béziers amène à constater des similitudes entre les productions. Parmi ces dernières, certaines peuvent s'inclure morphologiquement dans un ensemble plus vaste de fabrications propres à la Méditerranée occidentale, celui des céramiques communes à "bords noircis" et à "patine cendrée". Ce groupe de vases d'usage culinaire trouve dans le Biterrois une nouvelle région de fabrication, phénomène attesté au moins entre le milieu du 1er et le début du IIIème s. de n. è.
Stratigraphie du Marduel (Saint-Bonnet-du-Gard). IV - Les niveaux des IVe et IIIe s. av. n. è. sur le Chantier Central.
Authors: Py Michel , Lebeaupin Denis , Duday Henri , Fabre Véronique , Tillier Anne-Marie
Published: October 2015

Cet article est le quatrième volet de l'étude systématique des résultats de la fouille pratiquée dans l'habitat du Marduel (on se reportera aux tomes 5, 1982 ; 7, 1984 ; 9, 1986).

Les auteurs analysent les données stratigraphiques et les évolutions architecturales qui sont intervenues aux IIIe et IVe s. av. J.-C. sur le site selon un découpage en phases chronologiques. Le mobilier archéologique d'accompagnement est présenté, selon le même schéma, à l'aide de tableaux d'inventaire et avec une abondante illustration graphique. Un chapitre est consacré à l'étude d'une nouvelle sépulture de nouveau-né.
Une installation de pressurage en Lodevois à Peret (Hérault) et son abandon dans la seconde moitié du IIe s. ap. J.-C.
Authors: Olive Christian
Published: October 2015

Résumé - La fouille partielle d'un établissement rural permet d'étudier les vestiges de son secteur de production agricole et de replacer la ferme dans le contexte de la cadastration lodévoise. L'analyse architecturale et stratigraphique, l'organisation de l'espace montre la présence d'une installation de pressurage, pour l'huile ou le vin. L'étude des mobiliers recueillis tend à situer la construction des bâtiments vers 20-60 de notre ère. L'occupation se poursuit jusque dans la seconde moitié du IIe s., moment où la villa est abandonnée comme de nombreuses autres exploitations agricoles contemporaines.
La villa gallo-romaine des Laurons (Quartier Saint-Pierre) Les Arcs-sur- Argens, Var.
Authors: Bérato Jacques , Borréani Marc , Leguilloux Martine
Published: October 2015

An emergency excavation in 1984 has allowed the investigations of part of the remains of the pars rustica of a villa from the first half of the Ist c. A.D. (stage 2), built on earlier remains from the second half the Ist c. B.C. (stage 1 : doubtless wood buildings). A basin, a canal, tanks lined with masonry and a circular kiln belonging to stage 2 are all part of the usual equipment of a villa and suggest the probability of oil production. These structures are abandoned early in the IIId c. A.D. and serve from then on as a rubbish dump to the end of the IVth c. A.D. (stage 3)- The villa itself appears to have been abandoned early in the Vth c. A.D., while a limited use of the site continued until the VIth c. A.D.

The authors present the different categories of pottery and coins from each stage. A very detailed study of the fauna from the rubbish dumps of stage 3 allows some understanding of the socio-economical characteristics of this villa and its domain : vast cultivables areas, diversity of arable lands, breeding of mostly big cattle, consumption of high quality meat and an important contribution made by hunting, which suggests the leisure activities of a privileged social class.
Roquepertuse. Techniques du travail de la pierre, repères chronologiques
Authors: Bessac Jean-Claude
Published: October 2015

Understanding of the methods used in carving the stones for the architectural elements and the sculpture of Roquepertuse allows a more correct vision of the technical evolution of the Celto-Ligurian population in the Second Iron Age in the hinterland of Marseilles. It also allows a better estimate of a possible dependance of this indigenous population on specific supplies brought to this area by Greek colonisation. The analysis shows the activities of several stone-cutters who are comparative masters of their profession and use tools that are widespread over the contemporaneous Mediterranean world.

The author questions the supposed veracity of the simultaneousness of the productions and the degree of reliability of the reconstructions proposed at present. He also stresses the strong assumption of re-use of the lapidary remains after the destruction of the portico and the sculpture of the monument.
L'évolution du Bronze final IIIB et la transition Bronze-Fer en Languedoc occidental d'après la culture matérielle des nécropoles
Authors: Janin Thierry
Published: October 2015

Faisant suite à plusieurs tentatives complémentaires de caractérisation des étapes de l'évolution entre la fin de l'Age du bronze et le premier Age du fer en Languedoc, cette nouvelle approche fait appel à une base documentaire importante (et en partie nouvelle) issue du monde funéraire (environ 500 sépultures). Après une définition, une analyse et un regroupement des caractères retenus comme discriminants, trois phases principales sont individualisées pour décrire le passage du Bronze final IIIB (IXe et début du VIIIe s. av. J.-C.) au tout début de l'Age du fer, stricto sensu (première moitié du VIIe s.).
Les inclusions minérales des amphores massaliètes et leur signification : le cas des formes archaïques et le problème de la localisation des sites de production
Authors: Reille Jean-Louis , Abbas Gilles
Published: October 2015

Revenant sur la caractérisation du dégraissant minéral de la pâte des amphores dites "ionio-massaliètes" du Midi de la Gaule, en particulier avec des surcuits issus du four archaïque de la rue Négrel à Marseille, les auteurs confirment l'origine allochtone de la part non plastique (la côte varoise). Surtout, ils montrent la permanence ultérieure des traceurs géologiques et par là même, la filiation des productions massaliètes micacées.
Un quartier bas de l'oppidum de la Roche-de-Comps (Gard) au milieu de l'Age du fer
Authors: Roubaud Marie-Pierre , Michelozzi André
Published: October 2015

A rescue excavation carried out on the lower terraces of the oppidum of "La Roche-de-Comps" in the early eighties has uncovered the remains of a habitat initially built in the last quarter of the VIth c. and abandoned about 375 B.C. The authors present the architectural remains, the lay-out of the dwellings and the movable objects in chronological phases. The movable objects are carefully quantified and illustrated, and the types of production discussed. Particular attention is given to a transformation of the habitat at the end of the Vth c, when constructions on posts are replaced by walls with a dry stone bottom layer.
Pierres taillées à Ampurias : technologie, typologie, chronologie
Authors: Bessac Jean-Claude
Published: October 2015

En relation avec la reprise des fouilles archéologiques de ces dernières années dans l'habitat gréco-ibérique d' Ampurias, l'auteur nous présente la première approche systématique des matériaux utilisés et des techniques mises en œuvre dans l'architecture monumentale du site. A travers les fortifications successives, les bâtiments cultuels, les édifices publics et quelques éléments du domaine privé, nous suivons du VIe s. av. J.-C. au Haut Empire romain, la diversité et l'évolution des pierres utilisées, des choix opérés dans l'outillage et dans son utilisation, également des traitements et de la réalisation des appareils ou des parements.
Evolution de la céramique non tournée de la fin de l'Age du fer à la période gallo-romaine dans le département du Var
Authors: Bérato Jacques
Published: October 2015

Riche de ses connaissances sur les céramiques non tournées du Midi de la France et de ses propres recherches de terrain dans le département du Var, l'auteur propose une répartition typo-chronologique des productions de cette région, entre la fin de l'Age du fer et le début du Bas Empire romain. Neuf grandes catégories regroupent les formes individualisées en genre, avec leurs éventuelles variantes. Toutes ces formes sont illustrées, et commentées quant à leur répartition géographique, leurs lieux de production probables, leur datation, leur utilisation ; elles sont enfin comparées aux autres productions méridionales.
Les armes de l'oppidum de la Cloche (Les Pennes-Mirabeau, B.-du-Rh.) et la destruction du site au Ier siècle avant notre ère
Authors: Chabot Louis , Feugère Michel
Published: October 2015

L'habitat de La Cloche est déjà bien connu pour la qualité et la quantité de ses vestiges archéologiques, détruits brutalement vers le milieu du Ier s., sans doute lors du siège de Marseille en 49 av. J.-C. L'article présente un catalogue précis et illustré de l'ensemble des pièces d'armement gauloises et surtout romaines. Un commentaire typo-chronologique replace les objets dans l'histoire de l'armement de la fin de l'Age du fer en Europe occidentale.
Un habitat de l'Age du fer sur les pentes du Mont-Aurélien (Pourrières, Var)
Authors: Bérato Jacques , Borréani Marc , Laurier Françoise
Published: October 2015

In 1993, following the accidental discovery of the floors of Iron Age huts when a track was opened on the north slopes of the Mont-Aurélien near Pourrières in the Var, a preventive excavation was carried out. Analysis of this type of unfortified habitat, unknown in the Var up till now, showed huts dug into the palaeosol and consisting of perishable matter. It provides a new contribution to the knowledge of this type of occupation of the soil. The study of the hand- made pottery based on two CI4 dalings allows a reasonable typological and chronological attribution to the Early and Late Iron Ages in the department.
Une sépulture à incinération sur l'oppidum de Mourrel-Ferrat à Olonzac (Hérault) (fin premier âge du Fer - début second âge du Fer)
Authors: Séjalon Pierre , Bouby Laurent , Chardenon Nathalie , Gardeisen Armelle , Janin Thierry
Published: October 2015

A cremation was discovered during a programme of trial trenching that aimed to ascertain the chronology of the Mourrel-Ferrat oppidum (Hérault) and to date the walls and embankments. The cremation was found in a pit dug into the gelifracted limestone. In the upper layers of the deposit the following elements were discovered : a handful of burnt human bones, plus splinters of animal bones, a deer bone, burnt grain, an iron knife, a fragment of an massaliete amphorae handle plus some shards of hand-thrown pottery. This discovery could indicate that there was cemetery within the fortifications, thus supplying us with some interesting perspectives vis a vis funerary practices at the end of the early and the beginning of the late Iron Ages.
L'origine et l'importation des meules à grains dans un village de la chôra marseillaise aux IIe et Ier s. av. J.-C. (oppidum de La Cloche, Les Pennes-Mirabeau, B.-du-Rh.)
Authors: Reille Jean-Louis , Chabot Louis
Published: October 2015

Micro-textural pétrographie analysis of the basalt millstones of La Cloche village, near Marseilles (IInd to Ist century B.C.) is presented. It shows a strong preponderance of lithic material originating from Cap d'Agde (located 150 km from La Cloche). On the other hand, very few material was importated from the nearest Toulon hinterland region (40 km). This seems to confirm the regional supremacy of greek Marseilles trade during this period.