bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Violencia familiar y violencia psicológica en las mujeres a consecuencia de la pandemia COVID 19 en la ciudad de Pisco – 2020
Authors:   , Boada Campos Yury Erlinda , Siancas Chaccara Flor de Maria Rosa
Published: July 2023

La investigación titulada, la violencia familiar y violencia psicológica en las mujeres a consecuencia de la pandemia Covid 19 en la ciudad de Pisco – 2020, refleja las connotaciones sociales, económicas, educativas, estructurales, los grados y cifras de las victimas afectadas por la violencia diversa, en la salud mental, no solo son cifras, se debe tomar en cuenta la parte psíquica afectiva, la recuperación de su estado mental, la cual se constituye hoy día, como un grave problema público, la defensa de los derechos de la mujer , interés superior de los niños, El Objetivo general fue: Analizar de qué manera influye el incremento de los casos de violencia familiar y violencia psicológica en las mujeres a consecuencia de la pandemia COVID - 19 en la ciudad de Pisco 2020. El método aplicado es el Hipotético Deductivo, debido a que será sometida a contrastación la hipótesis prevista para esta investigación. Para obtener resultados, se aplicó las técnicas e instrumentos de la recolección de datos, entrevistas, cuestionario de la Escala de Likert, los mismos que fueron procesados estadísticamente en gráficos, los cuales fueron interpretados de acuerdo los resultados obtenidos, se relacionan con el tema de investigación, con el objetivo principal y objetivos específicos, se planteó la operacionalización de las variables de las cuales salieron las dimensiones y las respectivas preguntas a aplicar, el cual se reflejan en las conclusiones y sugerencias de acuerdo al esquema de nuestra Universidad.
Tratamiento penitenciario y reincidencia en el penal de Ancón año 2021
Authors:   , Guizado Talaverano Norma Luz
Published: July 2023

En la presente investigación se ha analizado el Tratamiento Penitenciario y Reincidencia, a la luz de la realidad de la política penitenciaria nacional, describiendo la problemática, por lo que se ha esbozado el siguiente objetivo: Determinar los efectos del tratamiento penitenciario y la reincidencia de los reos en el penal de Ancón durante el año 2021, utilizando el método: Explicativo y enfoque cuantitativo; sobre una población de 105 reos en semi libertad del Centro Penitenciario Ancón; para ello se ha diseñado un cuestionario de 24 ítems a fin de validar las hipótesis planteadas y contrastar la realidad de la población penitenciaria antes mencionada; los resultados han permitido conocer como el tratamiento penitenciario al resocializar, reeducar y reincorporar al penado a la sociedad, evita que dichos internos vuelvan a ingresar por otros delitos; y, como conclusión se ha determinado que, el tratamiento penitenciario se viene ejecutando sin tener un sistema práctico, debido al gran hacinamiento de internos, lo cual no permite reeducar a todos por igual, se ha podido establecer que existe un alto índice de discriminación a los sentenciados tanto en el Instituto Nacional Penitenciario (INPE) como en la sociedad a la que son reinsertados, lo cual eleva el índice de reincidencia, recayendo así el sentenciado en conductas delictivas similares o de mayor gravedad, y también se ha concluido que los reclusos que han participado en los programas de educación y de aprendizaje destrezas laborales, en apoyo constante de su familia, estos tienen poca tendencia a volver a delinquir y un mayor índice de ocuparse en la sociedad en el oficio que aprendió durante la ejecución de su sentencia.
Monoclonal Antibody and Oral Antiviral Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in US Nursing Homes
Authors: McGarry Brian E. , Sommers Benjamin D. , Wilcock Andrew D. , Grabowski David C. , Barnett Michael L.
Published: July 2023

This study examines the use of COVID-19 antiviral treatments in US nursing homes and the facility characteristics associated with use of oral antivirals and monoclonal antibodies.
Prevalence and associated factors of bullying in medical residents: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Álvarez Villalobos Neri Alejandro , De León Gutiérrez Humberto , Ruiz Hernandez Fernando Gerardo , Elizondo Omaña Gabriela Guadalupe , Vaquera Alfaro Héctor Alejandro , Carranza Guzmán Francisco Javier
Published: July 2023

Objective

To assess the prevalence of bullying in medical residents and its associated factors.

Methods

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, articles from MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, PsycInfo, Cochrane databases, and Web of Science were searched. Published and unpublished cross-sectional studies were included. Cochrane’s Q test and I2 statistics were used to assess the existence of heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed on evidence of heterogeneity. Egger’s test and funnel plots were performed to investigate publication bias.

Results

A total of 13 cross-sectional studies with a total of 44 566 study participants from different medical residencies were analyzed. The overall prevalence of bullying was 51% (95% CI 36–66). Furthermore, female residents and residents that belong to a minority group had higher odds of experiencing bullying compared to their peers.

Conclusion

A high prevalence of bullying in medical residents exists around the world. There is a need for education, dissemination, and more effective interventions among the residents and authorities about bullying to build and promote adequate behaviors and diminish bullying prevalence.
Thermal Expansion of Hybrid Chiral Mechanical Metamaterial with Patterned Bi‐Strips
Authors: Liu Siyao , Li Yaning
Published: July 2023

Hybrid chiral mechanical metamaterials with center squares connecting by bi‐layer strips (bi‐strips) with patterned interfaces are designed and fabricated via multimaterial 3D printing. Due to the thermal mismatch between the bi‐strips and the chirality‐induced rotation, the designs will undergo either thermal expansion or shrinkage under constant temperature increase, resulting in widely tuned overall thermal expansion coefficients (CTEs) for the chiral mechanical metamaterials. Analytical models of both the bi‐strips with arbitrary dissimilar interface morphology and the chiral designs under temperature change are developed to predict the curvature of the bi‐strips and the overall CTEs of the chiral designs. Two design regions with opposite trends are observed and explored. The models are verified via systematic finite element (FE) simulations and experiments on 3D‐printed specimens. This investigation enlarges the design space of chiral mechanical metamaterials for achieving desired CTEs in a wide range.
Sodium‐Sulfur Batteries with Unprecedented Capacity, Cycling Stability and Operation Temperature Range Enabled by a CoFe2O4 Catalytic Additive Under an External Magnetic Field
Authors: Zhang Chao Yue , Gong Li , Zhang Chaoqi , Cheng Xu , Balcells Lluís , Zeng Guifang , Biendicho Jordi Jacas , Li Junshan , Sun Geng Zhi , Zhou Jin Yuan , Cabot Andreu
Published: July 2023

The electrochemical performance of room‐temperature sodium‐sulfur batteries (SSBs) is limited by slow reaction kinetics and sulfur loss in the form of sodium polysulfides (SPSs). Here, it is demonstrated that through electron spin polarization, at no additional energy cost, an external magnetic field (M on) generated by a permanent magnet can significantly improve the SPSs adsorption capacity and reaction dynamics of a ferrimagnetic sulfur host. More specifically, the preparation of a carbon nanofiber/CoFe2O4/S (CNF/CoFe2O4/S) cathode with unprecedented performance and stability at ambient temperature is detailed when M on. It is experimentally and theoretically demonstrated that the magnetic field polarizes the electrons of Co ions, enhancing the adsorption of SPSs and their catalytic conversion. CNF/CoFe2O4/S cathodes with spin polarization provide unprecedented decay rates down to 0.0039% per cycle at 1.0 C for 2700 cycles. The performance of SSBs is further tested, which has 248 mAh g−1 under 1.0 C after 100 cycles when M on.  Furthermore, it is evidenced that even when removing the external magnetic field, the magnetic polarization effect persists, opening the door for practical applications. This study not only demonstrates an effective strategy to improve electrochemical performance in SSBs, but also contributes to the enrichments of spin effects in the fields of electrocatalysis.
Molecular Engineering Design of Enhanced Donor–Acceptor Therapeutic Reagent for Efficient Image‐Guided Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Xu Yanli , Liu Rui , Shang Xiaofei , Huang Ciyuan , Dong Wuqi , Long Min , Zou Bingsuo , Wang Xianwen , Li Gang , Shen Yuxian , Liu Tao , Tang Bo
Published: July 2023

The greatest barrier to the further development and clinical application of tumor image‐guided photodynamic therapy (PDT), is the inconsistency between the fluorescence intensity and singlet oxygen generation yield of the photosensitizer under light excitation. Herein, a novel donor–acceptor (D–A) system is designed from the point of molecular selection by wrapping a classical porphyrin molecule (5,10,15,20‐tetraphenylphorphyrin, H2TPP) as an acceptor into conjugated polymer (Poly[N,N'‐bis(4‐butylpheny)‐N,N'‐bis(phenyl)benzidine], ADS254BE) as a donor through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism, which exhibits bright red emission centered at 650 nm (quantum yield, 0.12), relatively large Stoke shift of 276 nm, enhanced singlet oxygen generation rate of 0.73, and excellent photostability. The investigations on distribution and killing effect of nanomaterials in cancer cells reveal that ADS254BE/H2TPP NPs can accumulate in the cytoplasm for imaging while simultaneously producing a large amount of singlet oxygen to remarkably kill cancer cells, which can be used for real‐time image‐guided PDT. In the xenograft tumor model, real‐time imaging and long‐term tracing in tumor tissue with ADS254BE/H2TPP NPs disclose that the growth of lung cancer in mice can be effectively inhibited during in situ imaging. From the standpoint of molecular engineering design, this work provides a feasible strategy for novel D–A systems to improve the development of image‐guided PDT.
A Natural Self‐Assembled Gel‐Sponge with Hierarchical Porous Structure for Rapid Hemostasis and Antibacterial
Authors: Li Na , Zhang Guoqin , Liu Yi , Sun Lili , Zhao Xin , Ding Liqin , Liu Yanan , Wang Meng , Ren Xiaoliang
Published: July 2023

Developing hemostatic agents with reliable biosafety and high efficiency has paramount clinical significance for saving lives. Herein, inspired from traditional Chinese medicine, a sponge (BC‐S) with hierarchical porous structure is proposed for the treatment of bleeding. The BC‐S is prepared by a simple self‐assembly method employing Bletilla Striata polysaccharide and quaternary amine alkaloids (QA) from Bletilla Striata and Coptidis Rhizoma. The ideal cation donor encapsulated in the helical structure of BSP enlarges the inter‐layer space of sponge by the action of electrostatic repulsion, forming wider channels which can accelerate the diversion speed of absorbed blood. Then, platelets and erythrocytes are trapped tightly in the reticular structure and extruded to deformation, activation. Subsequently, fibrin network forms and reinforces the internal multilayer mesh, blocks the outflow of blood. QA is released from the sponge skeleton mainly driven by a combination of surface erosion and potentially solution diffusion among pore to provide long‐term antibacterial activity. Benefiting from the well‐designed structure and the effective hemostatic mechanism, the BC‐S displays more excellent hemostatic performance in different models in vivo and in vitro compared with typical gelatin hemostatic sponge. This work is expected to boost the development of emerging hemostatic agents.
A Flexible and Wearable Chemiresistive Biosensor Fabricated by Laser Inducing for Real‐Time Glucose Analysis of Sweat
Authors: Sun HongXun , Song Shujia , Zhao Guo , Wang Xiaochan , Liu Gang
Published: July 2023

In this study, a flexible and wearable chemiresistive biosensor (FWCB) is developed for the real‐time analysis of glucose in sweat on the human skin surface based on a novel detection strategy of p‐type reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sensing film, which met the requirements of rapid, nondestructive testing. The proposed FWCB is fabricated in the form of interdigital electrodes (IEs) made of laser‐induced graphene (LIG) synthesized by the laser inducing of a polyimide (PI) film. Additionally, a semiconducting rGO sensing film modified on the surface of IEs is synthesized by thermal reduction of graphene oxide (GO), which is functionalized with glucose oxidase (GOx) by chemical cross‐linking to obtain GOx/FWCB. Moreover, the key parameters for FWCB fabrication are optimized, and the sensing strategy of the proposed GOx/FWCB is also investigated. The results show that the proposed GOx/FWCB can be used for the detection of glucose in the range of 0.01–3.0 mM with satisfactory selectivity, and the limit of detection (LOD) is calculated to be as low as 0.8 µM (S/N = 3). These dramatic advantages endow the proposed FWCB with broad application prospects in the field of portable, wearable, and real‐time detection of glucose in human sweat for health monitoring.
Visualization and Depth Estimation of Inner Crack in High‐Pressure Equipment Based on Organic Mechanochromic Luminescent Materials
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Wei Xiaowen , Zhang Le , Li Bingbing
Published: July 2023

Invisible hydrogen‐induced cracking or stress corrosion cracking easily appears in high‐pressure equipment in service. Mechanoresponsive luminogens (MRLs) can convert mechanical force into visible luminescence emission. Thus, MRL‐based detection methods to damage of structures have been paid extensive attention in recent years. However, the structural damage‐induced luminescence response and mechanism are still not fully comprehended. In this study, organic mechanochromic luminescent materials (1,1,2,2‐tetrakis (4‐nitrophenyl) ethene (TPE‐4N)) are proposed to detect the invisible inner crack in high‐pressure equipment. Because the high‐pressure equipment in service is subjected to tensile loading, the inner crack‐induced fluorescence response and mechanism under tension are investigated. The inner crack‐induced local strain concentration can be transformed into a visible green fluorescence, which can be easily observed from the outside. According to the appearance of fluorescence, the position of the inner crack can be detected. Moreover, the depth level of the inner crack can be quantitatively estimated using applied tensile loading and the ratio of fluorescent area. The investigations may provide a new idea of non‐destructive evaluation material and method for invisible damage in high‐pressure equipment.
3H‐Phenothiazin‐3‐one: A Photocatalyst for the Aerobic Photochemical Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides
Authors: Spyropoulou Chrysanthi K. , Skolia Elpida , Flesariu Dragos F. , Zissimou Georgia A. , Gkizis Petros L. , Triandafillidi Ierasia , Athanasiou Modestos , Itskos Grigorios , Koutentis Panayiotis A. , Kokotos Christoforos G.
Published: July 2023

In this study, 3H‐phenothiazin‐3‐one is identified as a photocatalyst for the photochemical oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides. This photocatalytic method uses a low catalyst loading (0.05 mol%), molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant, and a blue LED lamp as the irradiation source. It can be applied to the oxidation of both alkyl‐aryl and alkyl‐alkyl sulfides. Moreover, the method is also applicable in the synthesis of the known pharmaceutically active compounds Modafinil and Sulforaphane.
Selenadiazolesbenzothiadiazole‐Based Small Donor–Acceptor–Donor Dye for Photothermal Therapy in NIR‐II Window
Authors: Wu Yibin , Ji Aiyan , Lou Hongyue , Song Ruihu , Cheng Zhen , Chen Wen‐hua , Qu Chunrong
Published: July 2023

Recently, photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted enormous attention because of its low invasiveness, high spatiotemporal selectivity, and good therapeutic effect. Different types of photothermal conversion agents have been developed, particularly the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) organic small molecular dyes which have become an attractive research direction. Herein, a novel and simple donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) type NIR‐II dye SeC is designed and synthesized with 2λ4δ2‐[1,2,5]selenadiazolo[3,4‐f]‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole structure. To improve capability of SeC for biomedical applications, SeC molecules are encapsulated into DSPE‐PEG2000 to construct nanoparticles SeC‐NPs, which show high photostability and biocompatibility. More importantly, SeC‐NPs exhibited an excellent photothermal performance and display high photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) of 62% under 808 nm excitation. Because of favorable fluorescence property in NIR‐II window and high PCE, SeC‐NPs are successfully used for NIR‐II imaging and PTT of 4T1 tumor‐bearing mice models. In vivo studies demonstrate SeC‐NPs’ ability to suppress tumor growth under NIR photoirradiation without visible damage to main organs. Overall, this study develops a strategy to design a simple small molecule dye containing selenium for NIR‐II imaging, and SeC‐NPs shows high performance for PTT toward tumor.
A study of the influence of genetic variance and sex on the density and thickness of the calvarial bone in collaborative cross mice
Authors: Kaspersky Uriel , Levy Roei , Nashef Aysar , Iraqi Fuad A. , Gabet Yankel
Published: July 2023

Background

Bone microarchitecture is affected by multiple genes, each having a small effect on the external appearance. It is thus challenging to characterize the genes and their specific effect on bone thickness and porosity. The purpose of this study was to assess the heritability and the genetic variation effect, as well as the sex effect on the calvarial bone thickness (Ca.Th) and calvarial porosity (%PoV) using the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse population.

Methods

In the study we examined the parietal bones of 56 mice from 9 lines of CC mice. Morphometric parameters were evaluated using microcomputed tomography (μCT) and included Ca.Th and %PoV. We then evaluated heritability, genetic versus environmental variance and the sex effect for these parameters.

Results

Our morphometric analysis showed that Ca.Th and %PoV are both significantly different among the CC lines with a broad sense heritability of 0.78 and 0.90, respectively. The sex effect within the lines was significant in line IL111 and showed higher values of Ca.Th and %PoV in females compared to males. In line IL19 there was a borderline sex effect in Ca.Th in which males showed higher values than females.

Conclusions

These results stress the complexity of sex and genotype interactions controlling Ca.Th and %PoV, as the skeletal sexual dimorphism was dependent on the genetic background. This study also shows that the CC population is a powerful tool for establishing the genetic effect on these traits.
Dynamic Optical Vortex Trajectory Guided by the Symmetric Pearcey Gaussian Vortex Beam in the Uniformly Moving Parabolic Potential
Authors: Yang Haobin , Wang Ziyu , Tu Zhifeng , Jiang Junjie , Xu Danlin , Mo Zhenwu , Huang Haiqi , Deng Dongmei
Published: July 2023

This paper analytically and numerically proposes the propagation dynamics of the symmetric Pearcey Gaussian vortex beam (SPGVB) in the uniformly moving parabolic potential. The optical vortex located in the initial plane produces a vortex channel in the presence of the uniformly moving parabolic potential, called the vortex trajectory. The vortex trajectory can be manipulated dynamically by configuring different combinations of the parameters, and the optical intensity and the focal position can also be affected. Moreover, the spatial dynamic vortex trajectory is derived analytically, and the 2D on‐axis and off‐axis vortex scenarios are also presented. Our work expands the methods of the vortex trajectory manipulation and may broaden more practical potential applications in the particle manipulation.
Design Strategies for Diradical Boron/Nitrogen Doped Carbon‐Based Materials
Authors: Olivier Yoann , Sancho‐García Juan‐Carlos
Published: July 2023

New heterocyclic diradicaloids based on boron and nitrogen‐doped polycyclic systems with open‐shell ground‐states are obtained via concomitant structural and quinoidal extensions, thus allowing to merge the best of both design strategies. A combination of experimental characterization and theoretical calculations have helped disclose their electronic structure, as well as rationalize their associated magnetic and photophysical properties, spanning the chemical space of available molecular templates for cutting‐edge applications in organic electronics and spintronics.
Dynamic Cages—Towards Nanostructured Smart Materials
Authors: Drożdż Wojciech , Ciesielski Artur , Stefankiewicz Artur R.
Published: July 2023

The interest in capsular assemblies such as dynamic organic and coordination cages has blossomed over the last decade. Given their chemical and structural variability, these systems have found applications in diverse fields of research, including energy conversion and storage, catalysis, separation, molecular recognition, and live‐cell imaging. In the exploration of the potential of these discrete architectures, they are increasingly being employed in the formation of more complex systems and smart materials. This Review highlights the most promising pathways to overcome common drawbacks of cage systems (stability, recovery) and discusses the most promising strategies for their hybridization with systems featuring various dimensionalities. Following the description of the most recent advances in the fabrication of zero to three‐dimensional cage‐based systems, this Review will provide the reader with the structure‐dependent relationship between the employed cages and the properties of the materials.
Cobalt‐Porphyrin‐Based Covalent Organic Frameworks with Donor‐Acceptor Units as Photocatalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Kim Young Hyun , Jeon Jong‐Pil , Kim Yongchul , Noh Hyuk‐Jun , Seo Jeong‐Min , Kim Jiwon , Lee Geunsik , Baek Jong‐Beom
Published: July 2023

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a promising platform for photocatalysts. Their crystalline porous nature allows comprehensive mechanistic studies of photocatalysis, which have revealed that their general photophysical parameters, such as light absorption ability, electronic band structure, and charge separation efficiency, can be conveniently tailored by structural modifications. However, further understanding of the relationship between structure‐property‐activity is required from the viewpoint of charge‐carrier transport, because the charge‐carrier property is closely related to alleviation of the excitonic effect. In the present study, COFs composed of a fixed cobalt (Co) porphyrin (Por) centered tetraamine as an acceptor unit with differently conjugated di‐carbaldehyde based donor units, such as benzodithiophene (BDT), thienothiophene (TT), or phenyl (TA), were synthesized to form Co‐Por‐BDT, Co‐Por‐TT, or Co‐Por‐TA, respectively. Their photocatalytic activity for reducing carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide was in the order of Co‐Por‐BDT>Co‐Por‐TT>Co‐Por‐TA. The results indicated that the excitonic effect, associated with their charge‐carrier densities and π‐conjugation lengths, was a significant factor in photocatalysis performance.
Eliminating Concentration Polarization with Cationic Covalent Organic Polymer to Promote Effective Overpotential of Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Cheng Qiyang , Wang Mengfan , Liu Sisi , Zhang Lifang , Ji Haoqing , He Yanzheng , Li Najun , Qian Tao , Yan Chenglin , Lu Jianmei
Published: July 2023

Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction offers a sustainable alternative to the conventional Haber‐Bosch process. However, it is currently restricted by low effective overpotential due to the concentration polarization, which arises from accumulated products, ammonium, at the reaction interface. Here, a novel covalent organic polymer with ordered periodic cationic sites is proposed to tackle this challenge. The whole network exhibits strong positive charge and effectively repels the positively charged ammonium, enabling an ultra‐low interfacial product concentration, and successfully driving the reaction equilibrium to the forward direction. With the given potential unchanged, the suppressed overpotential can be much liberated, ultimately leading to a continuous high‐level reaction rate. As expected, when this tailored microenvironment is coupled with a transition metal‐based catalyst, a 24‐fold improvement is generated in the Faradaic efficiency (73.74 %) as compared with the bare one. The proposed strategy underscores the importance of optimizing dynamic processes as a means of improving overall performance in electrochemical syntheses.
An Inorganic Click Reaction for the Synthesis of Interlocked Molecules
Authors: Mapp Alex , Wilmore Jamie T. , Beer Paul D. , Goicoechea Jose M.
Published: July 2023

We describe the use of the cyaphide‐azide 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction for the synthesis of a new class of inorganic rotaxanes containing gold(I) triazaphosphole stoppers. Electron‐deficient bis‐azides, which thread perethylated pillar[5]arene in aromatic solvents, readily react with two equivalents of Au(IDipp)(CP) (IDipp=1,3‐bis‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐imidazol‐2‐ylidene) to afford interlocked molecules via an inorganic click reaction. These transformations proceed in good yields (ca. 65 %) and in the absence of a catalyst. The resulting organometallic rotaxanes are air‐ and moisture‐stable and can be purified by column chromatography under aerobic conditions. The targeted rotaxanes were characterized by multi‐element nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass‐spectrometry, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Polyvinyl (alcohol)/chitosan active film supplemented with Sonneratia ovata extract and Piper betel L. oil for fresh‐cut beef preservation
Authors: Pham Bao‐Tran Tran , Dang Hue‐Tran Thi , Van Nguyen Dai , Bach Long Giang , Phung Thanh Khoa , Nguyen Thuong Thi
Published: July 2023

This work is to produce multi‐functional active film from polyvinyl (alcohol)/chitosan (PCs) supplemented with Sonneratia ovata leaf extract (SOE) and Piper betel L. oil (PBLO). Our finding showed yellowish SOE‐added PCs film with the compact structure possessing lower swelling degree (SD) (22.48%) and higher mechanical strength (5.05 MPa) as compared to the neat PCs (35.43% and 3.18 MPa, respectively). While the co‐supplementation with PBLO at different ratios significantly increased SD between 50.97% and 104.08% due to the more open structure. UV‐barrier, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties of PCs film were significantly revitalized with co‐supplementation of SOE and PBLO. The PCs/SOE1/PBLO0.5 film presented better force resistance (5.51 MPa) and flexibility (87.12%) than other film formulations with balanced antibacterial and antioxidant properties and hence, it was further applied for preserving fresh‐cut beef for 14 days at 4°C. Changes in visual appearance, drip loss, and pH of fresh‐cut beef during storage period indicated better protective efficacy of PCs/SOE1/PBLO0.5 film as compared to polyethylene (PE), PCs, and SOE‐added PCs materials, suggesting its promisingly potential for food packaging application.
Electrospinning of epoxy fibers: Effect of curing conditions on solution rheological behavior
Authors: Shneider Mark , Zattelman Rotem , Kaestner Antonia , Greenfeld Israel , Wagner Hanoch Daniel
Published: July 2023

The electrospinning of thermoplastic polymers is widely used in applications such as filters and coatings, but has only recently been applied to thermosetting polymers because of their chemical structure and reactivity. Epoxy is a thermosetting polymer which, when combined with a curing agent, chemically reacts to form a crosslinked matrix. In the present study, we demonstrate that to electrospin epoxy and obtain continuous micro and nanofibers, one must precisely control the curing reaction. Epoxy was mixed with triamine curing agent and, to enable electrospinnability, was dissolved in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and dimethylformamide solvents. We identified a narrow working window wherein a proper solution for electrospinning is close to the gel point, right before the transition from liquid to solid gel state. The solution was characterized by means of (i) Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy to monitor the extent of reaction, (ii) steady shear viscosity to detect the divergence near the gel point, and (iii) oscillatory loss and storage shear moduli to identify the liquid‐to‐gel transition. Based on these measurements, it was possible to monitor the chemical transformations that the epoxy solution underwent with time, such as chemical interconnections and gelation, and thus define the working window for electrospinning.
P38α contributes to TNF‐α‐induced IL‐8 production in human gingival cells
Authors: Mao Dan , Inoue Hiroshi , Notomi Takuya , Goda Seiji
Published: July 2023

Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) is a major inflammatory cytokine that induces interleukin (IL)‐8 production. Although some studies have reported the involvement of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in TNF‐α‐induced IL‐8 production, its specific regulatory mechanisms in gingival epithelial cells (GECs) are still poorly understood. In the present study, Ca9‐22 cells were used as representative GECs to investigate the effect of p38 signaling on TNF‐α‐induced IL‐8 production. We found that TNF‐α enhanced IL‐8 production in Ca9‐22 cells by activating the p38 signaling pathway, and one of its isoforms, p38α, played a key role. P38α deletion markedly inhibited TNF‐α‐induced IL‐8 expression in Ca9‐22 cells, while p38α gene rescue could reverse this effect. Further studies revealed that TNF‐α‐induced IL‐8 production was markedly reduced when the threonine 180 and tyrosine 182 p38α phosphorylation sites were targeted for mutagenesis to alanine and phenylalanine, respectively, suggesting their critical role in the process. In conclusion, p38α plays an important role in TNF‐α‐induced IL‐8 production, providing a potential therapeutic target to prevent and treat periodontal disease.
Engineering of TEV protease variants with redesigned substrate specificity
Authors: Meister Sebastian W. , Parks Luke , Kolmar Leonie , Borras Anna Mestre , Ståhl Stefan , Löfblom John
Published: July 2023

Due to their ability to catalytically cleave proteins and peptides, proteases present unique opportunities for the use in industrial, biotechnological, and therapeutic applications. Engineered proteases with redesigned substrate specificities have the potential to expand the scope of practical applications of this enzyme class. We here apply a combinatorial protease engineering‐based screening method that links proteolytic activity to the solubility and correct folding of a fluorescent reporter protein to redesign the substrate specificity of tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease. The target substrate EKLVFQA differs at three out of seven positions from the TEV consensus substrate sequence. Flow cytometric sorting of a semi‐rational TEV protease library, consisting of focused mutations of the substrate binding pockets as well as random mutations throughout the enzyme, led to the enrichment of a set of protease variants that recognize and cleave the novel target substrate.
Integrating industry developed courseware in IT scripting courses
Authors: Popoviciu Ciprian , Li Peng
Published: July 2023

The alignment of higher education with the skill needs of employers and industry at large is a topic of active debate, particularly for engineering education. Formal and informal content developed by companies, technology‐specific associations, consulting firms, and individuals forms a body of knowledge that might fast‐track careers toward very specific opportunities. By contrast, academic courseware is known for its pedagogical rigor while being slow to adapt to the fast‐paced changes in technology, particularly information technologies, and reliance on expensive course materials that burden students. This paper explores the drivers for integrating industry‐developed courseware in an existing, higher‐ed course on Scripting for Information Technology in the Department of Technology Systems at East Carolina University and the implications of such integration. We hypothesize that industry courseware is a streamlined, cost‐effective way to provide students with the knowledge they need in the workforce. Students were exposed to the two types of content and their scholarly performance was analyzed. Student perception of the two types of content was assessed through a postclass survey. The student results and the feedback they provided suggest that a hybrid approach is more suitable to address the learning preferences and predispositions of students. This case study concludes that textbook and industry‐generated content can be integrated into existing courses and improving them in terms student outcomes and in terms of alignment with industry's hiring expectations.
Facile Synthesis of Homodimeric Protein Ligands
Authors: Gui Weijun , Kodadek Thomas
Published: July 2023

Many proteins exist as oligomers (homodimers, homotrimers, etc.). A proven strategy for the development of high affinity ligands for such targets is to link together two modest affinity ligands that allows the formation of a 2 : 2 (or higher‐order) protein‐ligand complex. We report here the discovery of a convenient, “click‐like” reaction for the homodimerization of protein ligands that is efficient, operationally simple to carry out, and tolerant of many functional groups. This chemistry reduces the synthetic burden inherent in the creation of homodimeric ligands since only a single precursor is required. The utility of this strategy is demonstrated by the synthesis of homodimeric inhibitors, including PROTACs.
CO2‐Mediated Photocatalytic Chlorine Production Over Bismuth Oxychloride in Chloride Solution
Authors: Wang Juxue , Zhang Ling , Li Ruofan , Zeng Di , Wang Wenjing , Wang Wenzhong
Published: July 2023

As one of the most commonly bulky chemicals, chlorine is conventionally manufactured by electrolysis of NaCl solution in the chlor–alkali process, which requires a huge supply of electrical energy. The photocatalytic route to produce chlorine by using solar energy and NaCl solution offers a promising strategy to reduce energy consumption and bring economic benefits. Herein, it was found that the introduction of CO2 would enhance the productivity of Cl2 from 8.24 μmol⋅h−1 to 39.6 μmol⋅h−1 in NaCl solution over BiOCl. Experimental studies reveal that the CO2 species (CO32−) entered into the crystal texture of BiOCl and the interlayer space between [Bi2O2]2+ slabs were increased and distorted, accelerating the cycle of Cl species. Besides, the cycle of carbonate species also existed and accelerated the reaction efficiency of Cl− oxidation to Cl2. This work provides a new feasible method of using abundant CO2 resources to accelerate the process of chlorine production via photocatalysis.
Development of Kinase‐Centric Drugs: A Computational Perspective
Authors: Pratap Reddy Gajulapalli V.
Published: July 2023

Kinases are prominent drug targets in the pharmaceutical and research community due to their involvement in signal transduction, physiological responses, and upon dysregulation, in diseases such as cancer, neurological and autoimmune disorders. Several FDA‐approved small‐molecule drugs have been developed to combat human diseases since Gleevec was approved for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Kinases were considered “undruggable” in the beginning. Several FDA‐approved small‐molecule drugs have become available in recent years. Most of these drugs target ATP‐binding sites, but a few target allosteric sites. Among kinases that belong to the same family, the catalytic domain shows high structural and sequence conservation. Inhibitors of ATP‐binding sites can cause off‐target binding. Because members of the same family have similar sequences and structural patterns, often complex relationships between kinases and inhibitors are observed. To design and develop drugs with desired selectivity, it is essential to understand the target selectivity for kinase inhibitors. To create new inhibitors with the desired selectivity, several experimental methods have been designed to profile the kinase selectivity of small molecules. Experimental approaches are often expensive, laborious, time‐consuming, and limited by the available kinases. Researchers have used computational methodologies to address these limitations in the design and development of effective therapeutics. Many computational methods have been developed over the last few decades, either to complement experimental findings or to forecast kinase inhibitor activity and selectivity. The purpose of this review is to provide insight into recent advances in theoretical/computational approaches for the design of new kinase inhibitors with the desired selectivity and optimization of existing inhibitors.
A Portable Nanozyme‐Strip Fabricated by Ru‐ZIF‐8 with Dual Nanozymatic Activity for Detection of Acetylcholine
Authors: Cui Xin , Zhang Jiachen , Liu Yitong , Shao Wen , Tang Yawen , Sun Hanjun
Published: July 2023

In the present study, the incorporation of Ru into the framework of ZIF‐8 resulted in that a Ru‐ZIF‐8 nanozyme with both esterase‐like activity and peroxidase‐like activity. Owing to the dual nanozymatic activities of Ru‐ZIF‐8 nanozyme, the acetylcholine (ACh) detection process utilized only one natural enzyme (choline oxidase), which greatly simplified the detection procedure. In the detection process, nanozyme Ru‐ZIF‐8 showed esterase‐like activity to catalyze the hydrolysis of ACh to choline. Then the generated choline was oxidized by choline oxidase to generate H2O2. Finally, Ru‐ZIF‐8 with peroxidase‐like activity was used to catalyze H2O2 to oxidize 2,2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazo‐line‐6‐sulfonic acid) ammonium salt with a color change. As a result, the linear range for ACh was from 0.01 μM‐22 μM with the detection limit (DL) of 5.5 nM. In addition, Ru‐ZIF‐8 was utilized to fabricate a portable detection test strip. Our work provided a simple, portable, low‐cost, highly sensitive and selective assay for the detection of ACh, which paved the way for the development of multi enzyme cascade assays.
Microwave‐Assisted Syntheses of Rhodamine, Rhodol, and Fluorescein Derivatives
Authors: Chieffo Carolina , Altamura Emiliano , Pilet Guillaume , Mebarek Saida , Strazewski Peter , Fiore Michele
Published: July 2023

A series of rhodol‐; fluorescein‐ and rhodamines‐based spirolactam compounds, bearing electron donor amines have been prepared. For this purpose we have redesigned the synthesis of the rhodol scaffold using 2‐(2,4‐dihydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid obtaining one example rhodol methyl ester in good yields (25–30 %) Thus, one set of non‐cytotoxic rhodamine‐based compounds has been prepared using thermal and microwave assisted synthesis (40–78 %) and tested as high affinity ATP chemo‐sensors.
Synthesis of 2,6‐Dimethoxy‐p‐aminophenol from Hardwood Lignin
Authors: Bai Jing , Li Hao , Zhu Yuting , Zhu Yiping , Wang Chenguang , Wang Haiyong , Liao Yuhe
Published: July 2023

Although the multiple functional groups in biomass offer notable chances for producing high‐value chemicals, most of the current studies focused on the (deep) defunctionalization of biomass and its derivates. Herein, we present a catalytic approach to valorize birch wood lignin with maintaining the methoxy and hydroxy groups in the final product (i. e., 2,6‐dimethoxy‐p‐aminophenol), which has applications in different sectors such as pharmaceuticals. The proved approach involves four steps with a high yield (19.8 wt % on the basis of used lignin) to 2,6‐dimethoxy‐p‐aminophenol. The native lignin in birch wood was first converted using alkaline aerobic oxidation in the presence of copper ions toward high‐yield syringaldehyde, which was then selectively oxidized toward 2,6‐dimethoxy‐1,4‐benzoquinone using H2O2 and V2O5. Oximation of 2,6‐dimethoxy‐1,4‐benzoquinone can selectively form 2,6‐dimethoxy‐1,4‐benzoquinone‐4‐oxime, which can be quantitatively hydrogenated toward 2,6‐dimethoxy‐p‐aminophenol. This work highlights the unique potential of biomass and its derivates for the sustainable production of high‐value products with exploring the value of inherent functional groups.
Preventive putative effect of agmatine on cognitive and molecular outcomes in ventral tegmental area of male offspring following physical and psychological prenatal stress
Authors: Hassanshahi Amin , Janahmadi Mahyar , Razavinasab Moazamehosadat , Ranjbar Hoda , Hosseinmardi Narges , Behzadi Gila , Kohlmeier Kristi A. , Ilaghi Mehran , Shabani Mohammad
Published: July 2023

Prenatal stress (PS) results from a maternal experience of stressful events during pregnancy, which has been associated with an increased risk of behavioral disorders including substance abuse and anxiety in the offspring. PS is known to result in heightened dopamine release in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), in part through the effects of corticotropin‐releasing hormone, which directly excites dopaminergic cells. It has recently been suggested that agmatine plays a role in modulating anxiety‐like behaviors. In this study, we investigated whether agmatine could reduce negative cognitive outcomes in male mice prenatally exposed to psychological/physical stress, and whether this could be associated with molecular changes in VTA. Agmatine (37.5 mg/kg) was administrated 30 min prior to PS induction in pregnant Swiss mice. Male offspring were evaluated in a series of behavioral and molecular assays. Findings demonstrated that agmatine reduced the impairment in locomotor activity induced by both psychological and physical PS. Agmatine also decreased heightened conditioned place preference to morphine seen in PS offspring. Moreover, agmatine ameliorated the anxiety‐like behavior and drug‐seeking behavior induced by PS in the male offspring. Molecular effects were seen in VTA as the enhanced brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) induced by PS in the VTA was reduced by agmatine. Behavioral tests indicate that agmatine exerts a protective effect on PS‐induced impairments in male offspring, which could be due in part to agmatine‐associated molecular alterations in the VTA. Taken together, our data suggest that prenatal treatment with agmatine exerts protective effect against negative consequences of PS on the development of affective circuits in the offspring.
The effects of forced exercise and zinc supplementation during pregnancy on prenatally stress‐induced behavioral and neurobiological consequences in adolescent female rat offspring
Authors: Sameei Parsa , Fatehfar Sina , Abdollahzadeh Naseh , Chodari Leila , Saboory Ehsan , Roshan‐Milani Shiva
Published: July 2023

Prenatal manipulations can lead to neurobehavioral changes in the offspring. In this study, individual and combined effects of forced exercise and zinc supplementation during pregnancy on prenatally restraint stress (PRS)‐induced behavioral impairments, neuro‐inflammatory responses, and oxidative stress have been investigated in adolescent female rat offspring. Pregnant rats were divided into five groups: control; restraint stress (RS); RS + exercise stress (RS + ES), RS + zinc supplementation (RS + Zn); and RS + ES + Zn. All the pregnant rats (except control) were exposed to RS from gestational days 15 to 19. Pregnant rats in ES groups were subjected to forced treadmill exercise (30 min/daily), and in Zn groups to zinc sulfate (30 mg/kg/orally), throughout the pregnancy. At postnatal days 25–27, anxiety‐like and stress‐coping behaviors were recorded, and the gene expressions of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and the concentration of total antioxidant capacity were measured in the prefrontal cortex. PRS significantly enhanced anxiety, generated passive coping behaviors, increased IL‐1β and TNF‐α expression, and decreased the antioxidant capacity. ES potentiated while zinc reversed PRS‐induced behavioral impairments. Prenatal zinc also restored the anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant capacity but had no effect on additive responses imposed by the combination of RS and ES. Suppression of PRS‐induced behavioral and neurobiological impairments by zinc suggests the probable clinical importance of zinc on PRS‐induced changes on child temperament.
Two tropical seagrass species show differing indicators of resistance to a marine heatwave
Authors: Bass Alissa V. , Falkenberg Laura J.
Published: July 2023

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are a growing threat to marine species globally, including economically and ecologically important foundation species, such as seagrasses. Seagrasses in tropical regions may already be near their thermal maxima, and, therefore, particularly susceptible to increases in temperature, such as from MHWs. Here, we conducted a 10‐day MHW experiment (control +4°C) to determine the effects of such events on the two tropical seagrasses Halophila beccarii and Halophila ovalis. We found that both species were largely resistant to the MHW, however, there were differences between the species' responses. For H. beccarii, the surface area of existing leaves was smaller under MHW conditions, yet a substantial increase in the number of new leaves under the MHW indicated its tolerance to—or even increased performance under—the MHW. While there was no direct effect of the MHW on H. ovalis, this species saw less epiphyte biomass and percentage cover on its leaves under the MHW. While a lower epiphyte cover can potentially increase the health and ecophysiological performance of the seagrass, the change of epiphytes can lead to bottom‐up trophic implications via the influence on mesograzer feeding. Together, the results of this study demonstrate the species‐specific responses of seagrasses of the same genus to a warming event. With the current global decline of seagrasses, our results are encouraging for these important habitat formers as we show that anomalous warming events may not necessarily lead to ecosystem collapse.