bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coming to light: How effective are sediment gravity flows in removing fine suspended carbonate from reefs?
Authors: Baas Jaco H. , Hewitt William , Lokier Stephen , Hendry James
Published: November 2024

Coral reefs are hard calcified structures, mainly found in warm tropical water. These ecosystems serve important roles as, for example, a source of food, shelter and nursery for different organisms, and in coastal protection. Reef‐building organisms have evolved to inhabit a narrow ecological niche and thus are particularly susceptible to rapid changes in their environment, for example, under predicted climate‐change scenarios. Anthropogenic climate change is widely accepted as the leading cause of rising ocean temperatures, sea water acidity and sedimentation rate, which all affect a coral's productivity, health and, to some extent, skeletal strength. High‐energy weather events, such as storms and hurricanes, can erode reefs, thereby increasing the amount of suspended sediment and consequently the turbidity of the water. The removal of suspended sediment from the reef is vital for the health of reef producers, and a natural process that removes suspended sediment from reefs are sediment gravity flows. A key factor that controls the ability of sediment gravity flows to transport sediment is cohesion, as cohesion determines the run‐out distance of a flow through changes in its rheological properties. This study examines the cohesive nature of sediment gravity flows laden with fine‐grained CaCO3. These gravity flows laden with mud‐grade calcite are compared with flows carrying non‐cohesive, silt‐sized, silica flour, weakly cohesive kaolinite clay and strongly cohesive bentonite clay, by means of laboratory experiments. The results of these experiments show that the mud‐grade calcite flows behave more akin to the silica‐flour flows by reaching maximum mobility at considerably higher volumetric suspended sediment concentrations (47% for silica flour and 53% for CaCO3) than the kaolinite and bentonite flows (22% for kaolinite and 16% for bentonite). Fine CaCO3 gravity flows can therefore be regarded as physically non‐cohesive, and their high mobility may constitute an effective mechanism for removing suspended sediment from coral reefs, especially at locations where a slope gradient is present, such as at the reef front and forereef. However, biological cohesion, caused by ‘sticky’ extracellular polymer substances produced by micro‐organisms, can render mud‐grade calcite cohesive and sediment gravity flows less mobile. The present study should therefore be seen as a first step towards a more comprehensive analysis of the efficiency of removal of suspended sediment from coral reefs.
eGFR slope as predictor of mortality in heart failure patients
Authors: Verstreken Sofie , Beles Monika , Oeste Clara L. , Moya Ana , Masuy Imke , Dierckx Riet , Heggermont Ward , Dauw Jeroen , Hens Dries , Bartunek Jozef , Vanderheyden Marc
Published: November 2024

Aims

Heart failure (HF) leads to an imbalance between heart and kidney function, resulting in poor outcomes. However, the prognostic significance of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) trajectory in HF patients remains unclear. We analysed electronic health records (EHRs) of real‐world HF patients, assessing eGFR trajectories and their impact on mortality.

Methods and results

Retrospective clinical data of HF patients were processed using natural language processing. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was evaluated, and eGFR trajectories were analysed using linear mixed‐effects models. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the relationship between baseline variables and mortality, while joint modelling combined eGFR trends and mortality. The dataset comprised 1986 patients, with a mean age of 74.8 years (SD ± 11.7) and 58% male. At the time of HF diagnosis, 58% of patients were diagnosed with CKD, and 39% presented with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The median follow‐up duration was 3.16 years, during which 399 patients (20%) died. Patients with CKD were significantly older and exhibited a higher prevalence of myocardial infarction (P = 0.048), coronary revascularization (P = 0.004), stroke (P < 0.001), atrial fibrillation (P < 0.001) and type 2 diabetes (P < 0.001). Mortality rates at 1 and 2 years were nearly twice as high in CKD patients compared with those without (P < 0.001). Notably, CKD was significantly less prevalent among survivors (55% vs. 71%, P < 0.001). Key predictors of mortality included older age, beta‐blocker use, prior stroke, lower serum haemoglobin levels, and elevated potassium and NT‐proBNP levels. Each 10 mL/min/1.73 m2 decrease in eGFR was associated with a 1.22 (95% CI: 1.10–1.35, P < 0.001) increase in mortality hazard. Additionally, a 1‐year decline of 10 mL/min/1.73 m2 in eGFR resulted in a mortality hazard of 1.97 (95% CI: 1.45–2.69, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

CKD is prevalent in a real‐world HF population and is an independent predictor of mortality. The current eGFR value and the eGFR slope from the previous year have the potential to be used for assessing individual mortality risk in the clinical follow‐up of HF patients.
Drip Fertigation Improves Maize Yield, Resource Utilization, and Economic Benefits by Increasing Light Interception Under Dense Planting in Southwest China
Authors: Song Li , Liu Guangzhou , Yang Yunshan , Guo Xiaoxia , Zhang Hua , Lu Tingqi , Qing Chunyan , Hu Dan , Li Shaokun , Hou Peng
Published: November 2024

Seasonal drought and traditional water‐fertilizer management limit the increase in the grain yield of summer maize in Southwest China. Drip fertigation mode (HM) can effectively improve crop yields. However, research on drip fertigation has not been conducted in Southwest China. A 2‐year field experiment about HM was carried out with the traditional water‐fertilizer management mode (FM) as control. The plant densities were 5.25 × 104 plants ha−1 and 8.25 × 104 plants ha−1 in 2022 and 6.00 × 104 plants ha−1 and 9.00 × 104 plants ha−1 in 2023. The effects of HM on the aboveground biomass, leaf area index, yield, and resource utilization rate of summer maize were studied. Compared with the FM treatment, the HM treatment significantly increased the yield (25.18%), aboveground biomass (25.58%), leaf area index (34.87%), and leaf area duration (29.60%). HM optimized the canopy structure with an 11.05% improvement in light transmission at the top and a significant 61.32% increase in cumulative light radiation interception per unit area at the bottom of the canopy. The nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPFP), radiation utilization efficiency (RUE), heat utilization efficiency (HUE), and economic benefits of the HM treatment significantly increased by 39.58%, 49.45%, 25.92%, and 32.53%, respectively. In addition, dense planting increased the irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) by 14.25%. In summary, drip irrigation combined with water and fertilizer can significantly improve maize grain yield, resource utilization efficiency, and economic benefits by increasing light interception in Southwest China. This study will lay a theoretical foundation for filling the relevant research gap in the region.
Unnecessary Medical Imaging and Determinant Factors in a District Hospital of Iran: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Gholipour Kamal , Iezadi Shabnam , Badrzadeh Fariba , Ghiasi Akbar , Azimzadeh Solmaz , Rezapour Ramin
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims

Due to the increasing use of imaging services, this study aimed to estimate the number of unnecessary imaging services, normal and abnormal imaging examinations, and their determinant factors.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was conducted at a district hospital in East Azerbaijan, Iran. Retrospective data were collected from the electronic medical records of patients referred to the Imaging Department between March and August 2022, using the Hospital Information System (HIS). Descriptive statistics and χ2 tests were performed, followed by hierarchical logistic regression with AOR, 95% CI, using SPSS‐24 for analysis.

Results

About 28% of imaging examinations with abnormal results and 21% of the examinations with normal results were unnecessary. The probability of ultrasound abnormal imaging results was 67% lower than computed tomography (CT) scan (CT‐scan) (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.33 (0.212–0.50); p < 0.001). One year increase of patient age is associated with a 1% lower likelihood of having normal imaging (AOR = 0.99 (0.98–0.99); p < 0/001). Women were 20% less likely than men to have abnormal imaging results (AOR = 0.80 (0.65–0.98); p = 0.035). The probability of necessary imaging decreases by 1% for 1 year increase in patient age (p = 0.017), on the other hand, the probability of unnecessary chest radiography was 5% higher than a brain CT‐scan imaging (AOR = 2.05 (1.19–3.51); p = 0.009).

Conclusions

Unnecessary imaging were more frequently performed on the older patients. Additionally, ultrasound was less likely than CT‐scans to show abnormal findings, while chest radiography was more frequently deemed unnecessary compared to brain CT‐scans. These insights highlight the need for age‐ and modality‐specific guidelines to reduce unnecessary imaging and improve diagnostic efficiency.
Is COVID‐19 Vaccination Beneficial for Tumor Patients: A Cross‐Sectional Investigation in China
Authors: Wang Sixiu , Zhu Yan , Chen Tao , Lin Chunying , Chen Liming , Niu Yongdong , Li Congzhu
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Tumor patients take a high risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, high incidence of serious events, poor prognosis and high mortality in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) epidemic, but there is still lack of supporting evidence that the COVID‐19 vaccination is beneficial for tumor patients to encourage them to receive the vaccination.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted in Shantou, China and questionnaires were collected in the hospitals from February 13, 2023 to April 23, 2023. Using the receiving of COVID‐19 vaccination as the primary outcome, descriptive, univariate and multivariate analyses were generated.

Results

161 out of 241 patients (66.80%) had received at least one dose of COVID‐19 vaccine and 61.00% patients had been infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. Patients with general symptoms (p = 0.013) and others (p = 0.022) had a higher proportion of nonvaccinated patients than vaccinated ones. In the multivariate analysis, age (aOR = 0.971, 95% CI = 0.946–0.997, p = 0.031), the cognition of vaccines' impact on tumor treatment (aOR = 4.475, 95% CI = 1.772–11.299, p = 0.002), time since tumor diagnosis (aOR = 4.586, 95% CI = 2.122–9.909, p < 0.001) were identified as factors of COVID‐19 vaccination uptake.

Conclusion

COVID‐19 vaccination in China offers numerous advantages for tumor patients, helping to alleviate symptoms following infection and potentially decreasing the chances of tumor metastasis and recurrence.
Determining risk‐adapted starting age and interval for breast cancer screening based on reproductive and hormonal factors
Authors: Hoang Tung , Lee Jeonghee , Jung So‐Youn , Kim Jeongseon
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to elucidate the risk of developing breast cancer (BC) by reproductive and hormonal profiles to suggest risk‐adapted starting screening ages and to investigate risks after negative mammography results to inform screening intervals in the Korean setting. Participants who performed health examinations between 2002 and 2023 at the National Cancer Center were analyzed. Risk‐adapted starting age of screening was defined as the age at which women with various reproductive and hormonal profiles obtained a 10‐year cumulative risk level similar to women aged 40 years in the general population. The Cox progression model was used to assess BC risk according to the reproductive and hormonal score and time since the last negative mammography. Of the 24,597 women enrolled in this study, 606 had BC (median follow‐up 13.2 years, IQR = 9.5–16.5 years). The 10‐year cumulative risk of BC at age 40 years in general women was estimated at 2.35%. Women with different reproductive and hormonal profiles reached this risk level 8.55 years earlier to 4.61 years later. We found that women with various reproductive and hormonal profiles had similar incident cases in both low‐ and high‐score groups beyond 5 years after a negative finding from mammography (p > .05), compared to those screened within 0 to <2 years after negative screening results. This study identifies possible risk‐based starting ages for BC screening based on reproductive and hormonal factors. Our findings suggest that extending the current biennial screening interval beyond 5 years may still detect a comparable number of cases.
Type II diabetes and metformin use does not affect colorectal cancer prognosis
Authors: Shahrivar Mehrnoosh , Dietrich Caroline E. , Glimelius Bengt , Saraste Deborah , Martling Anna , Buchli Christian , Nordenvall Caroline
Published: November 2024

Previous studies on the impact of metformin and colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes have been limited by small size and confounding by indication, yielding inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to assess whether diabetes and pre‐diagnostic metformin use influence CRC prognosis. The study was performed using the Colorectal Cancer Data Base Sweden, a register‐linkage originating from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Register with linkage to national health care registers and demographic registers. All adult patients diagnosed with primary non‐metastatic CRC between 2007 and 2016, treated with curative surgery, were identified and followed up from 90 days post‐surgery until December 31, 2022. Antidiabetic medication use was defined as dispensed prescription ≥6 months of use within 1 year of surgery. Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients were divided into three treatment groups (i) diet only, (ii) metformin user, and (iii) non‐metformin user. Cox regression models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for time to recurrence, CRC‐specific, and all‐cause mortality, adjusted for relevant covariates. Of 33,028 non‐metastatic CRC patients, 4539 (13.7%) had T2DM, with 1745 using metformin. A T2DM diagnosis was not associated with increased recurrence rate or CRC‐specific mortality; HRadj 0.97 (95% CI 0.89–1.06) and HRadj 0.95 (95% CI 0.87–1.05), respectively, compared with non‐diabetic patients. Furthermore, no association between T2DM, metformin use, and recurrence or CRC‐specific mortality was seen, HRadj 0.98 (95% CI 0.86–1.12) and HRadj 0.98 (95% CI 0.85–1.13), respectively. T2DM is not associated with an elevated recurrence or CRC‐specific mortality. Additionally, metformin use does not impact CRC prognosis.
Erythrosine‐Induced Neurotoxicity: Evaluating Enzymatic Dysfunction, Oxidative Damage, DNA Damage, and Histopathological Alterations in Wistar Rats
Authors: Singh Mandeep , Chadha Pooja
Published: November 2024

Erythrosine, a synthetic red dye widely used in food products, has been linked to potential health risks, raising concerns about its safety. This study aimed to evaluate the subacute toxicity of the synthetic food dye erythrosine in the brains of Wistar rats. Twenty‐four 6‐ to 7‐week‐old female rats were randomly divided into four groups of six (n = 6); the control group and the other three groups, which were established on the basis of erythrosine's acceptable daily intake (ADI, 0.1 mg per kg body weight); 1/4 ADI, 1/2 ADI, and ADI; for 28 days. Significant alterations in the enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST), and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) were observed at all erythrosine dosages, with a substantial decline at ADI dosages (p ≤ 0.05). Increased oxidative stress markers, viz., malondialdehyde content and lactate dehydrogenase activity, were observed in ADI‐administered rats. The H2O2 content decreased at 1/4 ADI and 1/2 ADI dosages and thereafter increased with increasing dosage. The comet assay demonstrated that the ADI dosage for 28 days resulted in the most significant damage, as evidenced by the increased tail length, tail DNA percentage, and tail moment. Light microscopy revealed various anomalies in brain histology, such as atrophies, vacuolization, shrunken cells, pyknotic nuclei, and reduced cell density. The results of the present study demonstrated that erythrosine disrupts the normal histopathology of the brain, suppresses antioxidative and acetylcholinesterase enzymatic activity, and increases lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, thereby resulting in erythrosine toxicity even at doses lower than the ADI.
Validation of the Updated Alternate Fistula Risk Score for Prediction of Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula After Pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Limbu Yugal , Acharya Bidur Prasad , Raut Sneha , Regmee Sujan , Ghimire Roshan , Maharjan Dhiresh Kumar , Thapa Prabin Bikram
Published: November 2024

Background and Aim

Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) remains a significant challenge following pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), contributing to morbidity and mortality. Various risk assessment models have been established to predict the likelihood of POPF. An updated alternate fistula risk score (ua‐FRS) has been recently refined and validated within European cohorts. However, the validation of this score in South Asian cohorts remains relatively unexplored. This study aims to validate the applicability of ua‐FRS for the prediction of POPF in patients undergoing PD in the South Asian population, particularly Nepal.

Methods

This cross‐sectional, observational study was conducted by a single team across three tertiary care centers in Kathmandu, Nepal from July 2021 to October 2023. A total of 98 patients were studied in terms of their sex, body mass index (BMI), diameter of the main pancreatic duct (MPD), pancreatic consistency, pathological site, and estimated blood loss. The accuracy of ua‐FRS for the prediction of postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy was evaluated using the receiver operative characteristics curve.

Results

Univariate analysis revealed that sex, pancreatic gland texture, the diameter of the main pancreatic duct, the site of pathology, and BMI were statistically significant factors. However, in the multivariate analysis, only BMI and the diameter of the MPD retained their statistical significance, with p‐values less than 0.005. The ua‐FRS demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in predicting postoperative pancreatic fistula, as evidenced by an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.802.

Conclusion

The ua‐FRS has validation in the context of the South Asian population to predict POPF following PD, offering a reliable tool to guide perioperative management.
Flashforward: The Current and Future Applications of Vibrational Spectroscopy for Forensic Purposes
Authors: Alpuché Riley M. , Vyas Bhavik , Lednev Igor K.
Published: November 2024

Vibrational spectroscopy combined with machine learning has a great potential for forensic applications. For example, handheld Raman spectroscopic instruments are already used by law enforcement agencies for precise, confirmatory identification of drugs. Beyond drug identification, several emerging technologies based on vibrational spectroscopy are currently under development for forensic investigative purposes, including the analysis of questioned documents, gunshot residue, fabrics, soil, hair, nails, and nail polish. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the application of vibrational spectroscopy in various areas of forensic analysis, particularly focusing on forensic serology and the analysis of trace evidences. In the case of forensic serology, the methodology allows for determining complex aspects of serological casework, including the time since deposition of a stain, as well as the phenotypic profile of the stain donor—namely, sex, race, and age. Furthermore, gunshot residues can be accurately identified by grain, caliber, and manufacturer when Raman spectroscopy is paired with machine learning. This integration of advanced spectroscopic techniques with machine learning holds great promise for furthering both the accuracy and efficiency of investigations, helping to reduce the total backlog of evidence investigation currently plaguing modern forensic laboratories.
A Natural Eumelanin‐Assisted Pullulan/Chitosan Hydrogel for the Management of Diabetic Oral Ulcers
Authors: Li Ying , Xiang Yajing , Chen Yuxi , Wang Yingying , Dong Wei , Liu Yan , Qi Xiaoliang , Shen Jianliang
Published: November 2024

Existing methods for treating diabetic oral ulcers often fall short in clinical environments due to potential bacterial contamination, oxidative harm, and hindered angiogenesis throughout the healing process. Here, a hydrogel patch (HYG2) have been developed for local in situ application. HYG2 comprises oxidized pullulan, quaternized chitosan, and eumelanin nanoparticles derived from cuttlefish ink. These components work together to efficiently heal wounds associated with diabetic oral ulcers. Application begins with a simple local injection that quickly forms a protective barrier over the mucosa, effectively stopping bleeding and counteracting inflammatory agents. HYG2 is distinguished by its strong antibacterial properties and capacity to eliminate reactive oxygen species, promoting bacteria clearance and managing oxidative stress, which accelerates the healing phase from inflammation to tissue regeneration. Additionally, HYG2's 3D structure, incorporating elements from natural sources, offers exemplary support for structural and nutritional cell needs. This enhancement fosters cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation, along with further angiogenesis during mucosal remodeling. Ultimately, HYG2 is fully absorbed by the body after serving its therapeutic functions. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies shows that HYG2 hydrogel markedly accelerates mucosal wound repair, making it a promising treatment for diabetic oral ulcers.
Search for Thiol‐Protected Gold Clusters Doped with Different Elements Using Dendrimers
Authors: Muramatsu Hisanori , Kambe Tetsuya , Tsukamoto Takamasa , Imaoka Takane , Yamamoto Kimihisa
Published: November 2024

The synthesis of thiol‐protected Au clusters MAu24(SR)18 containing different elements (M: different element, SR: thiol ligand) generally requires various steps. Therefore, the finding of a new MAu24(SR)18 cluster is not easy though it is necessary to take a great deal of effort to consider the synthesis. In this study, MAu24(SR)18 is searched for and attempted cluster synthesis using a dendrimer‐template method. It is also found that this method may be useful for exploring and discovering new clusters.
Boosting Phosphorescent Performance by a Three‐Component Doping of Coumarin Derivatives, Metal Salts Into Polyvinyl Alcohol
Authors: Feng Hua , Su Zhongmin , Liang Fushun
Published: November 2024

Multi‐component doping has become an effective way to achieve efficient room‐temperature phosphorescence. In this paper, green phosphorescence emission from coumarin derivatives, i.e., coumarin‐3‐carboxylic acid (CCA) and coumarin‐3‐carboxylic ester (CEt) are activated by doping them into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix (two component doping). Then, a series of metal salts (Ca2+, Al3+, Mn2+, and Zn2+) are added as the third component to construct three‐component doping system, with the aim to further improve the phosphorescence properties of the polymer films. Among them, CaCl2 can significantly increase the emission intensity (9.2 times), prolong the phosphorescence lifetime (up to 361 ms), and increase the phosphorescence quantum yield (from 1.02% to 9.19%). The results indicated that RTP emission can be activated by inhibiting the non‐radiative transition of coumarin derivatives embedded in the rigid PVA matrix. RTP performance can be further enhanced relying on the coordination effect between the coumarin guests and the metal salts. This study provides a simple and effective three‐component doping method for boosting polymer film‐based phosphorescence performance.
MOFs and MOF‐Based Composites for the Adsorptive Removal of Ciprofloxacin
Authors: Bathula Sriyanjali , Thottathil Swathi , Puttaiahgowda Yashoda Malgar
Published: November 2024

In spite of greater efforts to address antibiotic resistance, Ciprofloxacin (CIP) buildup in the aqueous medium continues to rise. The negative effects of CIP on the environment can be minimized through a comprehensive understanding of the technological advancements in removal techniques. The exploration of adsorbents like metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), activated carbon, porous organic polymers, etc., have found major usage in the adsorptive removal of antibiotics to tackle contamination. This study aims to compare the MOF‐based adsorbents and provide a guide to developing such materials for the successful removal of CIP. The isotherm models of the adsorbents are studied using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Sips isotherms. Furthermore, pseudo‐second‐order, pseudo‐first order, intra‐particle diffusion, and Elovich models are used to study the kinetic models. The major mechanisms of adsorption, such as π–π interactions, H‐bonding, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and pore filling, are also analyzed. This study contributes to the future scope for the development of these MOFs for further exploration and applications in environmental remediation.
Decay character and global existence for weakly coupled system of semilinear σ$\sigma$‐evolution damped equations with time‐dependent damping
Authors: Anh Cung The , An Phan Duc , Duong Pham Trieu
Published: November 2024

In this article, we investigate the existence and decay rate of the global solution to the coupled system of semilinear structurally damped ‐evolution equations with time‐dependent damping in the so‐called effective cases
We obtain conditions for the existence and the decay estimates of the global (in time) solution that are expressed in terms of the decay character of the initial data and . Furthermore, the blow‐up results for solutions to the semilinear problem also presented.
Environmental Risk Factors for Parkinson's Disease: A Critical Review and Policy Implications
Authors: Atterling Brolin Kajsa , Schaeffer Eva , Kuri Ashvin , Rumrich Isabell Katharina , Schumacher Schuh Artur Francisco , Darweesh Sirwan K.L. , Kaasinen Valtteri , Tolppanen Anna‐Maija , Chahine Lana M. , Noyce Alastair J.
Published: November 2024

The age‐standardized prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) has increased substantially over the years and is expected to increase further. This emphasizes the need to identify modifiable risk factors of PD, which could form a logical entry point for the prevention of PD. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended reducing exposure to specific environmental factors that have been reported to be associated with PD, in particular pesticides, trichloroethylene (TCE), and air pollution. In this review we critically evaluate the epidemiological and biological evidence on the associations of these factors with PD and review evidence on whether these putative associations are causal. We conclude that when considered in isolation, it is difficult to determine whether these associations are causal, in large part because of the decades‐long lag between relevant exposures and the incidence of manifest PD. However, when considered in tandem with evidence from complementary research lines (such as animal models), it is increasingly likely that these associations reflect harmful causal effects. Fundamentally, whilst we highlight some evidence gaps that require further attention, we believe the current evidence base is sufficiently strong enough to support our call for stronger policy action. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Patient and Healthcare Provider Experience With Rheumatoid Arthritis in Northern Ontario, Canada: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Lightfoot Nancy , Marsh David , Mongeau Sherry , Boyko Susan , Nowrouzi‐Kia Behdin , Fabris Lucio
Published: November 2024

Background

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disabling common chronic inflammatory joint disease. In Ontario, the burden is higher in those aged 65 and older, in females, and in northern communities. This study examined patient disease impact and healthcare provider access and satisfaction as well as provider satisfaction, patient experience and educational suggestions.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews and reflexive thematic analysis were used.

Results

Interviews occurred with: (1) 18 Northern (N) Ontario patients, (2) 6 N Ontario family physicians, (3) 6 N Ontario pharmacists and (4) a rheumatologist and 4 advanced clinical practitioners in arthritis care (ACPACs) who treat N Ontario patients. Patients emphasised the need to: (1) act on early symptoms, (2) self‐advocate, (3) attract more N Ontario rheumatologists, (4) educate the public, (5) recognise that medication can change over time and (6) pace physical tasks. Satisfaction was expressed with providers. Family physicians mentioned the need to: (1) be front‐line educators, (2) commence initial treatment, (3) enhance undergraduate medical curricula and (4) require rheumatology rotations. Pharmacists expressed: (1) acting as patient educators, (2) assisting with insurance plans, (3) encouraging family physicians to commence treatment, (4) monitoring medication interactions and (5) professional collaboration. The ACPACs and rheumatologist stressed the value of: (1) patient advocates, (2) family physicians initiating treatment, (3) pharmacists monitoring for drug interactions, (4) expanding undergraduate medical school rheumatology curricula and (5) accessing local care.

Conclusion

Additional patient and public education are needed. Enhancing undergraduate and graduate medical school rheumatology curricula, rotations, continuing rheumatology education and interprofessional collaboration were recommended.
Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) During Functional Activities or Exercise: A Systematic Review
Authors: de Espíndula Brehm Taís , Pang Bilby Anne Sofia , Guizzo Karla Zimmer , Marcolino Alexandre Márcio , Kuriki Heloyse Uliam , Barbosa Rafael Inácio
Published: November 2024

Background

TENS is a non‐pharmacological adjunctive treatment commonly recommended for analgesic purposes, with widespread use and acceptance in clinical practice; however, its effects simultaneously with exercise are controversial, and there are gaps regarding its effectiveness and applicability, especially regarding the parameters and protocols used to treat pain. In view of this, the aim of this study was to systematically review the effects of TENS applied simultaneously with functional activities or exercises in the treatment of individuals with pain.

Method

A bibliographic search was performed in electronic databases, including EMBASE, PubMED, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro, SPORTDiscus, and the grey literature. The search yielded a total of 634 articles, of which only six met the inclusion criteria and were analysed individually. Of the selected studies, four evaluated the simultaneous use of TENS in patients with chronic pain, one in patients with fatigue‐induced injury, and one in healthy subjects.

Results

The articles selected for synthesis of the review were assessed using the RoB 2.0 risk of bias tool, which found that three of the included studies had a low risk of bias, while two studies were analysed as high risk and only one with some concern. It is concluded that the use of TENS in conjunction with functional activities and exercises may benefit people with pain.

Conclusion

The studies showed that the use of TENS with high frequency and intensity at the sensory threshold and applied simultaneously with exercise produced more significant analgesic effects, but new clinical trials with robust methodological designs should be carried out.
Recent advances of natural product pesticide milbemycins from Streptomyces
Authors: Yang Xue , Du Guozhong , Li Xiaojin , Xiang Wensheng , Li Shanshan , Zhang Yanyan
Published: November 2024

Milbemycins are a group of 16‐membered macrolides produced by the soil‐dwelling filamentous bacteria Streptomyces. Renowned for their potent acaricidal and insecticidal properties, combined with low toxicity, milbemycins are recognized as eco‐friendly biopesticides, vital for pest control and sustainable agricultural development. Over several decades, milbemycins have been extensively investigated, achieving significant progress, including advancements in their biological activities (such as insecticidal mechanisms and toxicity studies), biosynthetic and regulatory mechanisms, high‐yield strain engineering strategies, and the development of milbemycin‐derived commercial products for agricultural applications. This review discusses recent advances, current limitations, and ongoing and emerging efforts to overcome the limitations of milbemycin research. Finally, future research directions are outlined for the development of superior milbemycin‐producing cell factories to facilitate widespread application in the agricultural field.
Enhancement of toughness and gas barrier properties of PLA‐based films through bio‐based isosorbide dioctate: Synthesis, characterization, and application
Authors: Zhang Jianting , Wang Zihao , Wang Zhiheng , Yang Hong , Guo Weihong
Published: November 2024

Polylactic acid (PLA), as a bio‐based biodegradable material, has high tensile strength and modulus, but its low flexibility and poor barrier properties limit its application in packaging. In this study, Pullulan polysaccharide (Pullulan) and chain extenders (ADR4468) were selected to improve the properties of PLA‐based films. The ratio of PLA/Pullulan/ADR4468 was optimized by studying the mechanical and barrier properties of films. Then isosorbide dioctate (SDO), a kind of bio‐based plasticizer, was synthesized and added into PLA/Pullulan (4 wt%)/ADR4468 (0.8 wt%) system to study the effect of SDO content on the properties of films. A film with 15 wt% SDO showed elongation at a break of 79.7% while retaining a tensile strength of 30.6 MPa. With 20 wt% SDO, water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability of PLA/Pullulan/ADR/SDO film were reduced by 12.7% (2.95 × 10−14 kg m/(m2 s Pa)) and by 20.6% (1.95 × 10−3 cm3 m/ (m2 d Pa)), respectively, compared with that of PLA/Pullulan/ADR films. This study fills the research gap between PLA and Pullulan blends, broadens the application scenarios of new bio‐based plasticizers, and provides a method for improving the toughness and barrier properties of PLA. The films prepared in this study have potential applications in the green‐packaging field.

Highlights

The synthesis and characterization of isosorbide dioctate.

The modified compatibility of PLA and Pullulan by ADR 4468.

The optimization of the content of PLA/Pullulan/ADR 4468 film.

The improvement of toughness and barrier properties of film by SDO.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalysed guar gum and toluene diisocyanate polyurethane foam for the removal of malachite green from wastewater
Authors: Chauhan Kavita , Chauhan Sandeep , Kumar Kiran , Kumari Babita , Gupta Nitika , Chauhan Ghanshyam S.
Published: November 2024

In view of the huge potential in various applications, biopolymer‐based polyurethane foams (PUF) are attracting researchers. In the present study, we report the modification of guar gum (GG) via polyaddition reaction with toluene diisocyanate (TDI) using dibutyltin dilaurate as catalyst, silicone oil as surfactant and calcium carbonate as filler to form GG‐PUF. The as‐synthesized GG‐PUF was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), XRD, field emission SEM, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and surface charge analysis. In the FTIR spectrum of GG‐PUF, peaks at 3290, 1705, 1595, and 1510 cm−1 are attributed to stretching vibrations of –NH, –C=O, –C=C– of the benzene ring of TDI, and the –NH bending vibration of the urethane group, respectively. The XRD patterns of GG and GG‐PUF indicate their semicrystalline and amorphous nature, respectively. The field emission SEM of GG‐PUF exhibits high porosity compared to the smooth surface of GG due to the evolution of CO2 gas during the foaming reaction. The GG‐PUF was evaluated as an adsorbent for cationic dyes from wastewater. The preliminary adsorption studies showed maximum adsorption for malachite green with 93.54% removal at 40 °C and pH 6.0 in 60 min. The adsorption mechanism was studied by various nonlinear kinetic models, namely the pseudo‐first order, pseudo‐second order and Elovich, and nonlinear isotherm models, such as Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin. The adsorption followed pseudo‐secondorder kinetics and a Langmuir isotherm with a maximum adsorption capacity of 156.44 mg g−1. The small value of the error function (χ2) and normalized standard deviation (Δq%) from nonlinear models indicated the better fitting of the data into nonlinear kinetics and isotherm models. Furthermore, GG‐PUF showed substantial degradability under simulated wastewater conditions at acidic and alkaline pH and reusability up to 10 adsorption–desorption cycles. Hence, GG‐PUF has tremendous potential as a sustainable, economical and environmentally friendly adsorbent for eliminating cationic dyes from wastewater. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Evaluation of Cold Atmospheric‐Pressure Plasma Effects on DNA Endoreplication in Callosobruchus maculatus: A Rapid Flow Cytometry‐Based Study
Authors: Kirk‐Bradley Nahndi , Burciaga Megan , Zhu‐Salzman Keyan , Renchie Don L. , Moore Janie M.
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the chromosomal changes in Callosobruchus maculatus utilizing flow cytometry analysis following treatment with high‐voltage modified air‐based cold atmospheric‐pressure plasma (CAP) generated in a contained dielectric barrier discharge reactor. C. maculatus, a significant bio‐contaminant in cowpea legumes with potential infestation in other legumes such as chickpeas and lentils, was the focus of this study. CAP treatment has garnered attention as a potential control method for stored product pests, demonstrating high mortalities in various insect species. However, the underlying mechanism of action remains elusive. Our investigation, using a flow cytometry‐based approach, reveals the absence of increased DNA ploidy in CAP‐treated C. maculatus. This finding contributes to the ongoing exploration of the efficacy and mechanisms underlying cold plasma treatment in pest management strategies.
A First‐Principles Study of Manganese‐Based Perovskite‐Type Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage Application
Authors: Didi Youssef , Bahhar Soufiane , Tahiri Abdellah , Naji Mohamed , Rjeb Abdelilah
Published: November 2024

Herein, a series of perovskite‐type hydride materials RMnH3 (R = Ca, Sr, and Ba) are investigated by density functional theory for solid‐state hydrogen storage. Their structural, mechanical, electronic, and optical properties are calculated and their thermodynamic, dynamic, and mechanical stability is assessed. All compounds crystallize in the undistorted cubic perovskite system with the Pm‐3m symmetry. The results from mechanical properties, based on parameters such as Poisson's ratio (ν) and the G/B ratio, indicate that CaMnH3 and SrMnH3 exhibit brittle behavior, primarily attributed to the dominance of ionic bonds, while BaMnH3 is distinguished by its ductility, resulting from a prevalence of covalent bonds. Additionally, the electronic structure analysis reveals that all examined hydrides possess metallic behavior. Further calculations of the optical properties are also performed, providing supplementary insights into the physical features of the hydrides. The gravimetric hydrogen storage capacities (Cwt%) are calculated, with values of 2.96 wt% for CaMnH3, 2.019 wt% for SrMnH3, and 1.513 wt% for BaMnH3, accompanied by respective desorption temperatures of 214.83, 193.42, and 145.43 K. Overall, these results highlight the potential of perovskite hydrides RMnH3 as promising materials for hydrogen storage applications, significantly contributing to a sustainable energy future.
Solution‐Processed Zinc‐Tin‐Based Ternary Oxide Electron Transport Layers for Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Nadeem Saad , Shahzad Nadia , Mehmood Sana , Qureshi Muhammad Salik , Sattar Abdul , Liaquat Rabia , Shakir Sehar , Shahzad Muhammad Imran , Pugliese Diego
Published: November 2024

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have acquired popularity owing to their high efficiency, ease of fabrication, and affordability. In this context, the development of electron transport layers (ETLs) for highly efficient planar photovoltaic devices has received considerable attention. This study investigates the potential of zinc‐tin‐based ternary metal oxide ETLs for application in planar PSCs. Solution‐processed methods are used to fabricate crystalline zinc stannate (Zn2SnO4), amorphous zinc‐tin oxide (ZTO), and Zn2SnO4/ZTO‐based bilayer films, and their structural, morphological, and optoelectronic properties are thoroughly studied. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show enhanced crystallite size and better surface morphology of perovskite films deposited on bilayer ETL. Photoluminescence (PL) studies and Hall effect measurements reveal superior charge extraction, improved charge carrier mobility (21.84 cm2 V−1 s−1) and enhanced n‐type conductivity in the bilayer ETL. Moreover, contact angle analysis of perovskite layer deposited on bilayer ETL shows increased resistance to moisture erosion (52.20°), which is particularly significant given the detrimental effects moisture can have on the performance of PSCs.
Magnetic Structure of Ba2CaCo2Si6O17 with Zigzag Spin Chains of Co2+ in High Spin‐3/2 State
Authors: Barbar Shiv Kumar , Kumar Bharat , Panwar (Anil) Anil , Sharma Ragini , Yogi Arvind , Dixit Ambesh , Kumar Sudhish
Published: November 2024

The magnetic properties and crystal chemistry of the novel Ba2CaCo2Si6O17 compound exhibiting one‐dimensional zigzag chains of Co2+ ions (S = 3/2) are investigated using powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning lectron microscopy, energy dispersive‐Xray spectroscopy, and temperature and field‐dependent magnetic measurements. The refinement of PXRD data suggests a Cmcm space group in orthorhombic symmetry for Ba2CaCo2Si6O17 compound, consisting of a CoO4 tetrahedral network including 1‐D zigzag Co2+ chains. Microstructural and elemental analysis substantiate the proper stoichiometry of the synthesized material. Magnetic measurements show paramagnetic characteristics at room temperature, followed by a transition from paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering near 17 K, superimposed with weak ferromagnetic ordering (WFM) characteristics. Magnetic hysteresis (M–H) at 5 K depicts a sigmoid curve with unsaturated magnetization even at high fields. The negative Weiss temperature value ≈−98 K substantiates the strong antiferromagnetic exchange interaction with a frustration index of ≈5.76. The effective paramagnetic moment is 3.34μB, close to the spin‐only value 3.87μB of Co2+ (S = 3/2). The competing and short‐range FM‐AFM interaction is observed because of the zigzag Co2+ chain in the compound. The onset of WFM is attributed to the zigzag magnetic chain‐induced lattice and spin distortion in Ba2CaCo2Si6O17 compound.
Tailoring Synergistic Polylactic Acid–Based Nanocomposites for Sustainable Antimicrobial Fruit Packaging
Authors: Abdul Malek Nur Syazwani , Omar Hafsa , Rosman Nurfarhana , Hajar Nadya , Aizamddin Muhammad Faiz , Bonnia Noor Najmi , Khusaimi Zuraida , Mahmood Mohamad Rusop , Asli Noor Asnida
Published: November 2024

The rising demand for sustainable and antimicrobial packaging materials has fuelled innovations in polymer‐based solutions, especially in the preservation of fresh fruit to reduce food waste and enhance food safety. This review delves into the advancement and refinement of nanocomposites based on polylactic acid (PLA) for sustainable antimicrobial fruit packaging, emphasising the synergistic effects of combining PLA with nanofillers and antimicrobial agents, such as metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, plant extracts and essential oils (EOs) and carbon nanomaterial. By elucidating the synergistic effects that emerge from these combinations, this review examines the ability to enhance mechanical and antibacterial properties of PLA, followed by a review of the recent changes in sustainable fruit packaging solutions that integrate technological features and environmental considerations. Ultimately, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements in PLA‐based antimicrobial packaging, offering insights on the environmental benefits of integrating antimicrobial functionality into PLA‐based materials and the future of sustainable packaging for fruit preservation.
Potential Biomarkers for Neurobrucellosis Diagnosis and Treatment Based on Cerebrospinal Fluid Metabolomics Analysis
Authors: Liu Meiling , Shi Shujun , Guo Yuzhou , Lv Menghan , Feng Xuan , Liu Ting , Yang Hao , Zhang Zhelin
Published: November 2024

Background

Zhenzhu Tongluo pills (ZZTL) have been utilized for the treatment of neurobrucellosis (NB) in the Inner Mongolia region of China. However, the specific mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effects of ZZTL in NB remains insufficiently explored. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the metabolite profiles across different groups to identify potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of NB.

Methods

LC–MS analysis was used to screen differential metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from control subjects, NB patients, and NB patients undergoing ZZTL therapy.

Results

We identified 225 common metabolites across two comparison groups (NB vs. control group and NB + ZZTL vs. NB group). Among these metabolites, 138 were downregulated, and 87 were upregulated in the NB group compared to the control group, while the levels of these metabolites were reversed by ZZTL therapy. Creatinine exhibited the highest VIP score in both comparison groups, with elevated levels observed in CSF samples from NB patients compared to controls; however, its levels were reduced following ZZTL therapy. Additionally, hypoxanthine and uric acids levels were also increased in CSF samples from NB patients, indicating dysregulation of purine metabolism in NB; however, these changes were reversed by ZZTL. Furthermore, pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) and niacinamide (vitamin B3) levels were decreased in CSF samples from NB patients, suggesting a potential link between NB and vitamin B3 and B5 deficiency; however, these changes were reversed by ZZTL.

Conclusion

Collectively, CSF metabolomics may effectively differentiate NB patients from control subjects, providing valuable insights for NB diagnosis and treatment.