bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive phenotypic analysis of knockout mice deficient in cyclin G1 and cyclin G2
Authors: Ohno Shouichi , Ikeda Jun-ichiro , Naito Yoko , Okuzaki Daisuke , Sasakura Towa , Fukushima Kohshiro , Nishikawa Yukihiro , Ota Kaori , Kato Yorika , Wang Mian , Torigata Kosuke , Kasama Takashi , Uchihashi Toshihiro , Miura Daisaku , Yabuta Norikazu , Morii Eiichi , Nojima Hiroshi
Published: December 2016

Cyclin G1 (CycG1) and Cyclin G2 (CycG2) play similar roles during the DNA damage response (DDR), but their detailed roles remain elusive. To investigate their distinct roles, we generated knockout mice deficient in CycG1 (G1KO) or CycG2 (G2KO), as well as double knockout mice (DKO) deficient in both proteins. All knockouts developed normally and were fertile. Generation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from these mice revealed that G2KO MEFs, but not G1KO or DKO MEFs, were resistant to DNA damage insults caused by camptothecin and ionizing radiation (IR) and underwent cell cycle arrest. CycG2, but not CycG1, co-localized with γH2AX foci in the nucleus after γ-IR, and γH2AX-mediated DNA repair and dephosphorylation of CHK2 were delayed in G2KO MEFs. H2AX associated with CycG1, CycG2, and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), suggesting that γH2AX affects the function of PP2A via direct interaction with its B’γ subunit. Furthermore, expression of CycG2, but not CycG1, was abnormal in various cancer cell lines. Kaplan–Meier curves based on TCGA data disclosed that head and neck cancer patients with reduced CycG2 expression have poorer clinical prognoses. Taken together, our data suggest that reduced CycG2 expression could be useful as a novel prognostic marker of cancer.
Oxyfunctionalization of pyridine derivatives using whole cells of Burkholderia sp. MAK1
Authors: Stankevičiūtė Jonita , Vaitekūnas Justas , Petkevičius Vytautas , Gasparavičiūtė Renata , Tauraitė Daiva , Meškys Rolandas
Published: December 2016

Pyridinols and pyridinamines are important intermediates with many applications in chemical industry. The pyridine derivatives are in great demand as synthons for pharmaceutical products. Moreover, pyridines are used either as biologically active substances or as building blocks for polymers with unique physical properties. Application of enzymes or whole cells is an attractive strategy for preparation of hydroxylated pyridines since the methods for chemical synthesis of pyridinols, particularly aminopyridinols, are usually limited or inefficient. Burkholderia sp. MAK1 (DSM102049), capable of using pyridin-2-ol as the sole carbon and energy source, was isolated from soil. Whole cells of Burkholderia sp. MAK1 were confirmed to possess a good ability to convert different pyridin-2-amines and pyridin-2-ones into their 5-hydroxy derivatives. Moreover, several methylpyridines as well as methylated pyrazines were converted to appropriate N-oxides. In conclusion, regioselective oxyfunctionalization of pyridine derivatives using whole cells of Burkholderia sp. MAK1 is a promising method for the preparation of various pyridin-5-ols and pyridin-N-oxides.
An effective treatment of experimental osteomyelitis using the antimicrobial titanium/silver-containing nHP66 (nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide-66) nanoscaffold biomaterials
Authors: Lu Minpeng , Liao Junyi , Dong Jing , Wu Jun , Qiu Hao , Zhou Xin , Li Jidong , Jiang Dianming , He Tong-Chuan , Quan Zhengxue
Published: December 2016

Effective treatment of osteomyelitis remains a formidable clinical challenge. The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria has renewed interest in developing antimicrobial biomaterials using antiseptic silver ions to treat osteomyelitis. However, inadequate local retention and severe cytotoxic effects have limited the clinical use of ionic silver for bone grafts. We recently developed novel porous nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 (nHP66)-based nanoscaffold materials containing varied concentrations of silver ions (Ag+) (TA-nHAPA66) and oxidized titanium (TiO2), which was added as a second binary element to enhance antibacterial activity and biocompatibility. In this study, we establish a large cohort of rabbit model of experimental osteomyelitis and investigate the in vivo antimicrobial and therapeutic effects of TA-nHP66 biomaterials and their in vivo silver release kinetics. We find the TA-nHP66 scaffolds exhibit potent antibacterial activities against E. coli and S. aureus, support cell adhesion and cell proliferation of pre-osteoblasts, and stimulate osteogenic regulator/marker expression. Moreover, the TA2-nHP66 scaffold exerts potent antibacterial/anti-inflammation effects in vivo and promotes bone formation at the lesion site of osteomyelitis. We further demonstrate that TA2-nHP66 exhibits excellent biosafety profile without apparent systemic toxicities. Therefore, the TA-nHP66 scaffold biomaterials may be further explored as an effective adjuvant therapy for infected bone defects and/or osteomyelitis debridement.
Identifying ultrasensitive HGF dose-response functions in a 3D mammalian system for synthetic morphogenesis
Authors: Senthivel Vivek Raj , Sturrock Marc , Piedrafita Gabriel , Isalan Mark
Published: December 2016

Nonlinear responses to signals are widespread natural phenomena that affect various cellular processes. Nonlinearity can be a desirable characteristic for engineering living organisms because it can lead to more switch-like responses, similar to those underlying the wiring in electronics. Steeper functions are described as ultrasensitive, and can be applied in synthetic biology by using various techniques including receptor decoys, multiple co-operative binding sites, and sequential positive feedbacks. Here, we explore the inherent non-linearity of a biological signaling system to identify functions that can potentially be exploited using cell genome engineering. For this, we performed genome-wide transcription profiling to identify genes with ultrasensitive response functions to Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF). We identified 3,527 genes that react to increasing concentrations of HGF, in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, grown as cysts in 3D collagen cell culture. By fitting a generic Hill function to the dose-responses of these genes we obtained a measure of the ultrasensitivity of HGF-responsive genes, identifying a subset with higher apparent Hill coefficients (e.g. MMP1, TIMP1, SNORD75, SNORD86 and ERRFI1). The regulatory regions of these genes are potential candidates for future engineering of synthetic mammalian gene circuits requiring nonlinear responses to HGF signalling.
Magnetic resonance anisotropy in CeB6: an entangled state of the art
Authors: Semeno A. V. , Gilmanov M. I. , Bogach A. V. , Krasnorussky V. N. , Samarin A. N. , Samarin N. A. , Sluchanko N. E. , Shitsevalova N. Yu. , Filipov V. B. , Glushkov V. V. , Demishev S. V.
Published: December 2016

Electron spin resonance (ESR) in strongly correlated metals is an exciting phenomenon, as strong spin fluctuations in this class of materials broaden extremely the absorption line below the detection limit. In this respect, ESR observation in CeB6 provides a unique chance to inspect Ce3+ magnetic state in the antiferroquadrupole (AFQ) phase. We apply the original high frequency (60 GHz) experimental technique to extract the temperature and angular dependences of g-factor, line width and oscillating magnetization. Experimental data show unambiguously that the modern ESR theory in the AFQ phase considering the Γ8 ground state of Ce3+ ion completely fails to predict both the g-factor magnitude and its angular dependence. Alignment of the external magnetic field along [100] axis induces a strong (more than twofold) broadening of ESR line width with respect to the other crystallographic directions and results also in the anomalous temperature dependences of the g-factor and oscillating magnetization. In this experimental geometry the latter parameter surprisingly exceeds total static magnetization by 20% at T* ~ 2.5 K. We argue that the unusual physical picture of ESR in CeB6 may be strongly affected by spin fluctuations and dynamic collective effects predominantly pronounced in [100] direction.
An innovative concept of use of redox-active electrolyte in asymmetric capacitor based on MWCNTs/MnO2 and Fe2O3 thin films
Authors: Chodankar Nilesh R. , Dubal Deepak P. , Lokhande Abhishek C. , Patil Amar M. , Kim Jin H. , Lokhande Chandrakant D.
Published: December 2016

In present investigation, we have prepared a nanocomposites of highly porous MnO2 spongy balls and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in thin film form and tested in novel redox-active electrolyte (K3[Fe(CN)6] doped aqueous Na2SO4) for supercapacitor application. Briefly, MWCNTs were deposited on stainless steel substrate by “dip and dry” method followed by electrodeposition of MnO2 spongy balls. Further, the supercapacitive properties of these hybrid thin films were evaluated in hybrid electrolyte ((K3[Fe(CN)6 doped aqueous Na2SO4). Thus, this is the first proof-of-design where redox-active electrolyte is applied to MWCNTs/MnO2 hybrid thin films. Impressively, the MWCNTs/MnO2 hybrid film showed a significant improvement in electrochemical performance with maximum specific capacitance of 1012 Fg−1 at 2 mA cm−2 current density in redox-active electrolyte, which is 1.5-fold higher than that of conventional electrolyte (Na2SO4). Further, asymmetric capacitor based on MWCNTs/MnO2 hybrid film as positive and Fe2O3 thin film as negative electrode was fabricated and tested in redox-active electrolytes. Strikingly, MWCNTs/MnO2//Fe2O3 asymmetric cell showed an excellent supercapacitive performance with maximum specific capacitance of 226 Fg−1 and specific energy of 54.39 Wh kg−1 at specific power of 667 Wkg−1. Strikingly, actual practical demonstration shows lightning of 567 red LEDs suggesting “ready-to sell” product for industries.
Emotional arousal modulates oscillatory correlates of targeted memory reactivation during NREM, but not REM sleep
Authors: Lehmann Mick , Schreiner Thomas , Seifritz Erich , Rasch Björn
Published: December 2016

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is considered to preferentially reprocess emotionally arousing memories. We tested this hypothesis by cueing emotional vs. neutral memories during REM and NREM sleep and wakefulness by presenting associated verbal memory cues after learning. Here we show that cueing during NREM sleep significantly improved memory for emotional pictures, while no cueing benefit was observed during REM sleep. On the oscillatory level, successful memory cueing during NREM sleep resulted in significant increases in theta and spindle oscillations with stronger responses for emotional than neutral memories. In contrast during REM sleep, solely cueing of neutral (but not emotional) memories was associated with increases in theta activity. Our results do not support a preferential role of REM sleep for emotional memories, but rather suggest that emotional arousal modulates memory replay and consolidation processes and their oscillatory correlates during NREM sleep.
Effects of Bisphenol A Metabolite 4-Methyl-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pent-1-ene on Lung Function and Type 2 Pulmonary Alveolar Epithelial Cell Growth
Authors: Liu Shing-Hwa , Su Chin-Chuan , Lee Kuan-I , Chen Ya-Wen
Published: December 2016

Bisphenol A (BPA) is recognized as a major pollutant worldwide. 4-Methyl-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pent-1-ene (MBP) is a major active metabolite of BPA. The epidemiological and animal studies have reported that BPA is harmful to lung function. The role of MBP in lung dysfunction after BPA exposure still remains unclear. This study investigated whether MBP would induce lung alveolar cell damage and evaluated the role of MBP in the BPA exposure-induced lung dysfunction. An in vitro type 2 alveolar epithelial cell (L2) model and an ex vivo isolated reperfused rat lung model were used to determine the effects of BPA or MBP on cell growth and lung function. MBP, but not BPA, dose-dependently increased the mean artery pressure (Pa), pulmonary capillary pressure (Pc), pulmonary capillary filtration coefficient (Kfc), and wet/dry weight ratio in isolated reperfused rat lungs. MBP significantly reduced cell viability and induced caspases-3/7 cleavage and apoptosis and increased AMP-activated protein kinas (AMPK) phosphorylation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related molecules expression in L2 cells, which could be reversed by AMPK-siRNA transfection. These findings demonstrated for the first time that MBP exposure induced type 2 alveolar cell apoptosis and lung dysfunction through an AMPK-regulated ER stress signaling pathway.
The role of the poly(A) tract in the replication and virulence of tick-borne encephalitis virus
Authors: Asghar Naveed , Lee Yi-Ping , Nilsson Emma , Lindqvist Richard , Melik Wessam , Kröger Andrea , Överby Anna K. , Johansson Magnus
Published: December 2016

The tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a flavivirus transmitted to humans, usually via tick bites. The virus causes tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in humans, and symptoms range from mild flu-like symptoms to severe and long-lasting sequelae, including permanent brain damage. It has been suggested that within the population of viruses transmitted to the mammalian host, quasispecies with neurotropic properties might become dominant in the host resulting in neurological symptoms. We previously demonstrated the existence of TBEV variants with variable poly(A) tracts within a single blood-fed tick. To characterize the role of the poly(A) tract in TBEV replication and virulence, we generated infectious clones of Torö-2003 with the wild-type (A)3C(A)6 sequence (Torö-6A) or with a modified (A)3C(A)38 sequence (Torö-38A). Torö-38A replicated poorly compared to Torö-6A in cell culture, but Torö-38A was more virulent than Torö-6A in a mouse model of TBE. Next-generation sequencing of TBEV genomes after passaging in cell culture and/or mouse brain revealed mutations in specific genomic regions and the presence of quasispecies that might contribute to the observed differences in virulence. These data suggest a role for quasispecies development within the poly(A) tract as a virulence determinant for TBEV in mice.
Spontaneous Isopeptide Bond Formation as a Powerful Tool for Engineering Site-Specific Antibody-Drug Conjugates
Authors: Siegmund Vanessa , Piater Birgit , Zakeri Bijan , Eichhorn Thomas , Fischer Frank , Deutsch Carl , Becker Stefan , Toleikis Lars , Hock Björn , Betz Ulrich A. K. , Kolmar Harald
Published: December 2016

Spontaneous isopeptide bond formation, a stabilizing posttranslational modification that can be found in gram-positive bacterial cell surface proteins, has previously been used to develop a peptide-peptide ligation technology that enables the polymerization of tagged-proteins catalyzed by SpyLigase. Here we adapted this technology to establish a novel modular antibody labeling approach which is based on isopeptide bond formation between two recognition peptides, SpyTag and KTag. Our labeling strategy allows the attachment of a reporting cargo of interest to an antibody scaffold by fusing it chemically to KTag, available via semi-automated solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), while equipping the antibody with SpyTag. This strategy was successfully used to engineer site-specific antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) that exhibit cytotoxicities in the subnanomolar range. Our approach may lead to a new class of antibody conjugates based on peptide-tags that have minimal effects on protein structure and function, thus expanding the toolbox of site-specific antibody conjugation.
Improved charge carrier lifetime in planar perovskite solar cells by bromine doping
Authors: Kiermasch David , Rieder Philipp , Tvingstedt Kristofer , Baumann Andreas , Dyakonov Vladimir
Published: December 2016

The charge carrier lifetime is an important parameter in solar cells as it defines, together with the mobility, the diffusion length of the charge carriers, thus directly determining the optimal active layer thickness of a device. Herein, we report on charge carrier lifetime values in bromine doped planar methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) solar cells determined by transient photovoltage. The corresponding charge carrier density has been derived from charge carrier extraction. We found increased lifetime values in solar cells incorporating bromine compared to pure MAPbI3 by a factor of ~2.75 at an illumination intensity corresponding to 1 sun. In the bromine containing solar cells we additionally observe an anomalously high value of extracted charge, which we deduce to originate from mobile ions.
Highly energetic phenomena in water electrolysis
Authors: Postnikov A. V. , Uvarov I. V. , Lokhanin M. V. , Svetovoy V. B.
Published: December 2016

Water electrolysis performed in microsystems with a fast change of voltage polarity produces optically invisible nanobubbles containing H2and O2gases. In this form the gases are able to the reverse reaction of water formation. Here we report extreme phenomena observed in a millimeter-sized open system. Under a frequency of driving pulses above 100 kHz the process is accompanied by clicking sounds repeated every 50 ms or so. Fast video reveals that synchronously with the click a bubble is growing between the electrodes which reaches a size of 300 μm in 50 μs. Detailed dynamics of the system is monitored by means of a vibrometer by observing a piece of silicon floating above the electrodes. The energy of a single event is estimated as 0.3 μJ and a significant part of this energy is transformed into mechanical work moving the piece. The observations are explained by the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen mixture in the initial bubble with a diameter of about 40 μm. Unusual combustion mechanism supporting spontaneous ignition at room temperature is responsible for the process. The observed effect demonstrates a principal possibility to build a microscopic internal combustion engine.
Detection of total bile acids in biological samples using an indirect competitive ELISA based on four monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Liu Shuchen , Zhang Yue , Qu Baoping , Qin Gaofeng , Cheng Jinjun , Lu Fang , Qu Huihua , Zhao Yan
Published: December 2016

We investigated a newly developed indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of 5 major components of TBA, which works efficiently in different types of biological samples, and may be suitable for routine clinical practice.
Efficient floating diffuse functions for accurate characterization of the surface-bound excess electrons in water cluster anions
Authors: Zhang Changzhe , Bu Yuxiang
Published: December 2016

Efficient combination of atom-centered and floating functions in the basis set for an accurate description of excess electrons.
Adsorption of C14EO8 at the interface between its aqueous solution drop and air saturated by different alkanes vapor
Authors: Miller R. , Aksenenko E. V. , Kovalchuk V. I. , Fainerman V. B.
Published: December 2016

The dynamic and equilibrium surface tension for drops of aqueous C14EO8 solutions at the interface to pure air or pentane, hexane, heptane and toluene saturated air, and the dynamic surface tension of pure water at these interfaces are presented.
Effects of reduced dimensionality on the properties of magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide nanostructures
Authors: Jahangiri Soran , Mosey Nicholas J.
Published: December 2016

DFT and SCC-DFTB calculations shed light on the size and dimensionality dependence of the properties of metal hydroxides.
Synthesis and charge storage properties of templated LaMnO3–SiO2composite materials
Authors: Piburn Graham W. , Mefford J. Tyler , Zinni Nicholas , Stevenson Keith J. , Humphrey Simon M.
Published: December 2016

Mesoporous LaMnO3with bulk surface areas in the range 225–300 m2g−1were prepared by direct overgrowth around the short-channel version of SBA-15 silica.
Enhanced water recovery in the coal seam gas industry using a dual reverse osmosis system
Authors: Blair Dean , Alexander Dominic T. , Couperthwaite Sara J. , Darestani Mariam , Millar Graeme J.
Published: December 2016

A robust method involving intermediate nanofiltration in a dual stage RO system to achieve high water recovery rates from coal seam water has been developed.
The effect of arginine on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway during porcine intramuscular preadipocyte differentiation
Authors: Chen Xiaoling , Luo Yanliu , Jia Gang , Liu Guangmang , Zhao Hua , Huang Zhiqing
Published: December 2016

Dietaryl-arginine supplementation decreases backfat thickness and increases intramuscular fat content in growing-finishing pigs, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown.
Essential oils of three cow parsnips – composition and activity against nosocomial and foodborne pathogens and food contaminants
Authors: Ušjak Ljuboš , Petrović Silvana , Drobac Milica , Soković Marina , Stanojković Tatjana , Ćirić Ana , Niketić Marjan
Published: December 2016

Although some widespread, native cow parsnips (Heracleum L. spp., Apiaceae) had broad medicinal and culinary applications throughout history, the knowledge about their volatile constituents is insufficient.
Metal-free photocatalysts for various applications in energy conversion and environmental purification
Authors: Li Chunmei , Xu You , Tu Wenguang , Chen Gang , Xu Rong
Published: December 2016

Recent progress in the development of metal-free photocatalysts for energy and environmental applications is critically reviewed.
A flexible polyaniline/graphene/bacterial cellulose supercapacitor electrode
Authors: Liu Rong , Ma Lina , Huang Shu , Mei Jia , Xu Jun , Yuan Guohui
Published: December 2016

A polyaniline (PANI)/graphene (GN)/bacterial cellulose (BC) flexible and freestanding supercapacitor electrode is synthesized via a facile chemical polymerization and filtering method.
Linking cobalt–water chains with cis-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate bridges to form a 2D network exhibiting spin-canted antiferromagnetism
Authors: Li Zhong-Yi , Cao Yuan-Qing , Zhang Xiang-Ming , Xu Ya-Lan , Cao Guang-Xiu , Zhang Fu-Li , Li Su-Zhi , Zhang Fu-Qiang , Zhai Bin
Published: December 2016

A 2D magnetic network consisting of water-bridged 1D Co2+ chains and cis-CHDA bridges displays spin-canted antiferromagnetism with spin-glass behavior.
Hollow metal–organic nanoparticles as redox species for label-free voltammetric immunoassay of prostate specific antigen
Authors: Li Weixiang , Rong Qinfeng , Ma Zhanfang
Published: December 2016

A new redox species of hollow cadmium–organic coordination nanoparticles was prepared and was used to construct a redox substrate for label-free electrochemical immunoassay of PSA.
Synthesis of polycaprolactone-polyimide-polycaprolactone triblock copolymers via a 2-step sequential copolymerization and their application as carbon nanotube dispersants
Authors: Liu Chengyin , Liu Bo , Chan-Park Mary B.
Published: December 2016

Triblock copolymers of polycaprolactone-polyimide-polycaprolactone (PCL-PI-PCL) were synthesized via polycondensation followed by ring-opening polymerization and used as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) dispersants.
Synthesis of titanosilicate pillared MFI zeolite as an efficient photocatalyst
Authors: Emdadi Laleh , Tran Dat T. , Zhang Junyan , Wu Wei , Song Haomin , Gan Qiaoqiang , Liu Dongxia
Published: December 2016

Adsorption assisted photocatalysis over pillared lamellar zeolite.
Exploring the complexity of teaching: the interaction between teacher self-regulation and pedagogical content knowledge
Authors: Uzuntiryaki-Kondakci Esen , Demirdöğen Betül , Akın Fatma Nur , Tarkin Aysegul , Aydın-Günbatar Sevgi
Published: December 2016

This study combined two important frameworks—teacher self-regulation and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK)—to reveal whether they were related to each other. To fulfill this aim, researchers utilized a case-study design. Data were collected from five preservice chemistry teachers through semi-structured interviews, lesson plans in the form of content representations, and video recordings of teaching practice. Both deductive and inductive analyses were used to analyze the data. Results indicated that preservice teachers utilized different PCK components in each self-regulation phase. They were good at regulating their teaching when they had developed PCK components. Especially, a lack of subject matter knowledge accounted for ineffective self-regulation in teaching. The findings of this study imply that teacher education programs should provide meaningful opportunities to preservice teachers for improving both their self-regulation for teaching and PCK.
Contact electrification induced interfacial reactions and direct electrochemical nanoimprint lithography in n-type gallium arsenate wafer
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhang Lin , Wang Wei , Han Lianhuan , Jia Jing-Chun , Tian Zhao-Wu , Tian Zhong-Qun , Zhan Dongping
Published: December 2016

We demonstrated contact electrification induced interfacial redox reactions and developed a direct electrochemical nanoimprint lithography method applicable to crystalline semiconductors.
Composite vector formulation for multiple siRNA delivery as a host targeting antiviral in a cell culture model of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection
Authors: Crouchet E. , Saad R. , Affolter-Zbaraszczuk C. , Ogier J. , Baumert T. F. , Schuster C. , Meyer F.
Published: December 2016

RNA interference-based gene therapies are promising tool to treat chronic viral infections. We design composite nanoparticle by the LbL technique to deliver sequentially siRNA against host targeting agents. They proved to be efficient in controlling HCV replication with up to 90% reduction over 10 days.
Weak bond-based injectable and stimuli responsive hydrogels for biomedical applications
Authors: Ding Xiaochu , Wang Yadong
Published: December 2016

Here we define hydrogels crosslinked by weak bonds as physical hydrogels.
MicroRNA-322 inhibits inflammatory cytokine expression and promotes cell proliferation in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages by targeting NF-κB1 (p50)
Authors: Zhang Kai , Song Fengling , Lu Xiaoxia , Chen Wenxun , Huang Chunxiao , Li Lexing , Liang Danyang , Cao Shengbo , Dai Hanchuan
Published: December 2016

Inflammation is the body’s normal self-protection mechanism to eliminate pathogens and resist pathogen invasion. The excessive inflammatory response may lead to inflammatory lesions. The mechanisms accounting for inflammation remain hazy. miRNAs have been proposed to have crucial effects on inflammation. In the present study, we reported that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulation increased the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and the cell-cycle progression was suppressed in RAW264.7 cells. Meanwhile, the expression of miR-322 was significantly down-regulated after LPS treatment. Bioinformatics predictions revealed a potential binding site of miR-322 in 3′-UTR of NF-κB1 (p50) and it was further confirmed by luciferase assay. Moreover, both the mRNA and protein levels of NF-κB1 (p50) were down-regulated by miR-322 in RAW264.7 cells. Subsequently, we demonstrated that miR-322 mimics decrease in the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and cell-cycle repression can be rescued following LPS treatment in RAW264.7 cells. The anti-inflammatory cytokines expression including IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly up-regulated. Furthermore, miR-322 could also promote RAW264.7 cells proliferation. These results demonstrate that miR-322 is a negative regulator of inflammatory response by targeting NF-κB1 (p50).
CMOS transconductor with improved linearity using the bulk of self‐cascode transistors
Authors: Thomas‐Erviti G. , Algueta‐Miguel J.M. , De la Cruz Blas C.A. , Carrillo J.M.
Published: December 2016

A novel transconductor based on the source degeneration technique is introduced. The proposed solution includes self‐cascode transistors as input devices, additionally employing their bulk terminal to increase the linearity. Input transconductance characteristics are improved as compared with conventional topologies without considerably increasing power consumption and die area. The circuit was designed and fabricated in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS technology to operate with a 1.8 V single supply voltage. Experimental results showed a linearity improvement of 20 dB for an input signal of 0.2 V at 100 kHz.
From spin coating to roll‐to‐roll: investigating the challenge of upscaling lead halide perovskite solar cells
Authors: Baker Jennifer A. , Mouhamad Youmna , Hooper Katherine E.A. , Burkitt Daniel , Geoghegan Mark , Watson Trystan M.
Published: December 2016

Spin coating, typically used to achieve nanometre thick films, is the established method for depositing perovskite precursors at lab scale for use in solar cells. This study investigates the dynamics of spin coating perovskite. By combining experimental measurement with a semi‐empirical model the evaporation rate of the dimethylformamide solvent during the spin coating of a mixed lead halide precursor is determined to be 1.2 × 10–8 m/s. When K‐bar coating the same precursor the solvent does not significantly evaporate during the deposition process and when this film is crystallised on a hot plate a rough film results which gives a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of less than 2%. By increasing the airflow of the K‐bar coated perovskite film during crystallisation to 2.7 × 10–4 m/s the PCE increases significantly to 8.5% through an improvement in short‐circuit current and fill factor.
Cobalt carbonate hydroxide hydrate nanowires array: a three‐dimensional catalyst electrode for effective water oxidation
Authors: Wang Weiyi , Ma Min , Kong Menglai , Yao Yadong , Wei Niandong
Published: December 2016

The development of Earth‐abundant low‐cost catalyst materials for effective water oxidation is of critical importance for electrochemical hydrogen production. The first use of hydrothermally in situ grown cobalt carbonate hydroxide hydrate nanowires array on carbon cloth as an effective catalyst electrode for water oxidation in alkaline electrolytes is described. This three‐dimensional electrode shows high catalytic activity with the need of overpotential of 323 mV to drive 10 mA cm−2, and its activity can be retained for at least 40 h.
Formation of one‐dimensional hierarchical magnetic nickel silicate hollow nanotubes
Authors: Wang Na , Zhang Min , Wang Baoyu , Fan Ge , Zheng Jing , Xu Jingli
Published: December 2016

This work reports the fabrication of magnetic hollow nanotubes with hierarchical nickel silicate shells and superparamagnetic iron oxide cores. The as‐prepared magnetic hierarchical hollow nanotubes possess a tailored complex wall structure, high surface area. In particular, the magnetic property of hierarchical double‐walled hollow nanotubes makes it easy to recycle for reuse. Furthermore, the effective procedure is general for development other metal silicate materials with hierarchical hollow nanotubes morphology.
A Single-Center Review of Radiologically Diagnosed Maxillofacial Fractures: Etiology and Distribution
Authors: Halsey Jordan N. , Hoppe Ian C. , Granick Mark S. , Lee Edward S.
Published: December 2016

The etiology of fractures of the maxillofacial skeleton varies among studies, with motor vehicle accidents and assaults oftentimes the most common. The number of males outnumbers females throughout most studies. Fractures of the zygoma, orbit, and mandible are usually cited as most common fracture types. This study examines a single center's experience with regards to etiology and distribution of fractures. A retrospective review of all radiologically confirmed facial fractures in a level 1 trauma center in an urban environment was performed for the years 2000 to 2012. Patient demographics, etiology of injury, and location of fractures were collected. During this time period, 2,998 patients were identified as having sustained a fracture of the facial skeleton. The average age was 36.9 years, with a strong male predominance (81.5%). The most common etiologies of injury were assault (44.9%) and motor vehicle accidents (14.9%). Throughout the study period, the number of fractures as a result of assault remained relatively constant, whereas the number as a result of motor vehicle accidents decreased slightly. The most common fracture observed was of the orbit, followed by mandible, nasal bones, zygoma, and frontal sinus. Patients sustaining a fracture as a result of assault were more likely to have a mandible fracture. Patients in motor vehicle accidents were more likely to suffer fractures of the maxilla, orbit, and frontal sinus. Mandible fractures are more common in cases of assault. Motor vehicle accidents convey a large force, which, when directed at the craniofacial skeleton, can cause a variety of fracture patterns. The decreasing number of fractures as a result of motor vehicle accidents may represent improved safety devices such as airbags.
Equation of state of the relativistic free electron gas at arbitrary degeneracy
Authors: Faussurier Gérald
Published: December 2016

We study the problem of the relativistic free electron gas at arbitrary degeneracy. The specific heat at constant volume and particle number CV and the specific heat at constant pressure and particle number CP are calculated. The question of equation of state is also studied. Non degenerate and degenerate limits are considered. We generalize the formulas obtained in the non-relativistic and ultra-relativistic regimes.
Microturbulence in DIII-D tokamak pedestal. III. Effects of collisions
Authors: Liao X. , Lin Z. , Holod I. , Xiao Y. , Li B. , Snyder P. B.
Published: December 2016

Gyrokinetic simulations of the H-mode pedestal in DIII-D discharge 145701 find that the kinetic ballooning mode (KBM) is the most unstable mode for low toroidal numbers (n ≤ 25) and that the trapped electron mode (TEM) dominates over the KBM at higher toroidal mode numbers for realistic pressure gradients in the pedestal. Collisions reduce the TEM growth rate but have little effects on the KBM. KBM has the conventional ballooning mode structure peaking at the outer mid-plane, while TEM has an unconventional mode structure peaking at the top and bottom of the poloidal plane.
Transient growth of a Vlasov plasma in a weakly inhomogeneous magnetic field
Authors: Ratushnaya Valeria , Samtaney Ravi
Published: December 2016

We investigate the stability properties of a collisionless Vlasov plasma in a weakly inhomogeneous magnetic field using non-modal stability analysis. This is an important topic in a physics of tokamak plasma rich in various types of instabilities. We consider a thin tokamak plasma in a Maxwellian equilibrium, subjected to a small arbitrary perturbation. Within the framework of kinetic theory, we demonstrate the emergence of short time scale algebraic instabilities evolving in a stable magnetized plasma. We show that the linearized governing operator (Vlasov operator) is non-normal leading to the transient growth of the perturbations on the time scale of several plasma periods that is subsequently followed by Landau damping. We calculate the first-order distribution function and the electric field and study the dependence of the transient growth characteristics on the magnetic field strength and perturbation parameters of the system. We compare our results with uniformly magnetized plasma and field-free Vlasov plasma.
Anharmonic resonance absorption of short laser pulses in clusters: A molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Mahalik S. S. , Kundu M.
Published: December 2016

Linear resonance (LR) absorption of an intense 800 nm laser light in a nano-cluster requires a long laser pulse >100 fs when Mie-plasma frequency (ωM) of electrons in the expanding cluster matches the laser frequency (ω). For a short duration of the pulse, the condition for LR is not satisfied. In this case, it was shown by a model and particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 123401 (2006)] that electrons absorb laser energy by anharmonic resonance (AHR) when the position-dependent frequency Ω[r(t)] of an electron in the self-consistent anharmonic potential of the cluster satisfies Ω[r(t)]=ω. However, AHR remains to be a debate and still obscure in multi-particle plasma simulations. Here, we identify AHR mechanism in a laser driven cluster using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. By analyzing the trajectory of each MD electron and extracting its Ω[r(t)] in the self-generated anharmonic plasma potential, it is found that electron is outer ionized only when AHR is met. An anharmonic oscillator model, introduced here, brings out most of the features of MD electrons while passing the AHR. Thus, we not only bridge the gap between PIC simulations, analytical models, and MD calculations for the first time but also unequivocally prove that AHR process is a universal dominant collisionless mechanism of absorption in the short pulse regime or in the early time of longer pulses in clusters.
Antimonide-based membranes synthesis integration and strain engineering
Authors: Zamiri Marziyeh , Anwar Farhana , Klein Brianna A. , Rasoulof Amin , Dawson Noel M. , Schuler-Sandy Ted , Deneke Christoph F. , Ferreira Sukarno O. , Cavallo Francesca , Krishna Sanjay
Published: December 2016

Significance

In this work we present a versatile method to fabricate antimonide-based heterostructures in membrane form, and we demonstrate the potential of these materials to enable hybrid integration and elastic strain engineering. The relevance of our work is threefold. First, integration of Sb-based compound membranes with Si substrates will potentially solve a number of technological challenges in the fabrication of IR optoelectronic devices based on type II superlattices. Second, transfer of Sb compounds to insulating materials will enable a thorough investigation of electrical transport in the heterostructure via Hall and Van der Pauw measurements. Third, membrane technology applied to Sb-based structures will enable one to engineer strain distributions, which are not obtainable within the limitations of epitaxial growth processes.
Effects of Cycled Lighting Versus Continuous Near Darkness on Physiological Stability and Motor Activity Level in Preterm Infants
Authors: Lebel Valérie , Aita Marilyn , Johnston Celeste , Héon Marjolaine , Dupuis France
Published: December 2016

Background:

Preterm infants generally spend weeks in the neonatal intensive care unit where light intensity can fluctuate as well as be high, leading to physiological instability and increased motor activity in these infants. To date, 2 lighting control methods have been studied: cycled lighting and continuous near darkness. The most appropriate method of lighting is still unknown due to ambivalent results from the studies that have assessed these 2 interventions.

Objective:

To compare the effects of cycled lighting versus continuous near darkness on physiological stability and motor activity level in preterm infants born between 28 and 32 weeks of gestation.

Methods:

A randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare physiological stability and motor activity level in preterm infants assigned to cycled lighting or continuous near darkness. Thirty-eight participants were recruited and randomly assigned to one of the lighting conditions for 24 hours. Physiological stability was measured using the Stability of the Cardiorespiratory System in Premature Infants (SCRIP) score, the means, and the coefficient of variation of each physiological parameter measured. The level of motor activity was measured with an accelerometer.

Results:

There were no significant differences between the 2 groups with regard to physiological stability measured by the SCRIP score, means, and coefficient of variation as well as motor activity level. Participants in both groups were physiologically stable and their motor activity level was comparable.

Implications for Practice and Research:

Neither cycled lighting nor continuous near darkness negatively impacted infant's physiologic stability and motor activity level. Further research is required to identify the most appropriate lighting control method for preterm infants born between 28 and 32 weeks of gestation.
Use of large healthcare databases for rheumatology clinical research
Authors: Desai Rishi J. , Solomon Daniel H.
Published: December 2016

Purpose of review

Large healthcare databases, which contain data collected during routinely delivered healthcare to patients, can serve as a valuable resource for generating actionable evidence to assist medical and healthcare policy decision-making. In this review, we summarize use of large healthcare databases in rheumatology clinical research.

Recent findings

Large healthcare data are critical to evaluate medication safety and effectiveness in patients with rheumatologic conditions. Three major sources of large healthcare data are: first, electronic medical records, second, health insurance claims, and third, patient registries. Each of these sources offers unique advantages, but also has some inherent limitations. To address some of these limitations and maximize the utility of these data sources for evidence generation, recent efforts have focused on linking different data sources. Innovations such as randomized registry trials, which aim to facilitate design of low-cost randomized controlled trials built on existing infrastructure provided by large healthcare databases, are likely to make clinical research more efficient in coming years.

Harnessing the power of information contained in large healthcare databases, while paying close attention to their inherent limitations, is critical to generate a rigorous evidence-base for medical decision-making and ultimately enhancing patient care.
Dose-dependent Nerve Inflammatory Response to rhBMP-2 in a Rodent Spinal Nerve Model
Authors: Liau Zi Qiang Glen , Lam Raymond Wing Moon , Hu Tao , Wong Hee-Kit
Published: December 2016

Study Design.

We developed a spinal nerve root wrapping rodent model to evaluate the relationship between recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) dosage and the degree of inflammation.

Objective.

To investigate the direct effects of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) dosage and the degree of inflammation in rodent spinal nerve roots.

Summary of Background Data.

rhBMP-2 is commonly used in clinical practice to augment spinal fusion. However, complications such as postoperative leg pain, and a higher rate of postoperative neurologic deficits have been reported. These may be attributable to the exposure of adjacent nerve roots to high doses of rhBMP-2.

Methods.

Eighteen rats were randomized into three groups as follows: Group 1: absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) + 10 μg rhBMP-2, Group 2: ACS + 1 μg rhBMP-2, and Group 3 ACS with 20 μL saline. The ACS containing rhBMP-2 or saline were then wrapped around the L5 nerve root and secured loosely with nonabsorbable sutures. At 1-week postoperation, the rats were sacrificed, and the L5 nerve root and dorsal root ganglion harvested for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), histology and immunohistochemical staining.

Results.

In our study, 10 μg rhBMP-2 induced a 10-fold increase in seroma compared with 1 μg group. Using RT-PCR, macrophage markers MIP3-α, and CD-68 were upregulated by 8- and 2-fold respectively in comparison with the saline group. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) images demonstrated disruption of nerve structures in the high dose 10 μg rhBMP-2, but not at 1 μg rhBMP-2 and with saline.

Conclusion.

High doses of rhBMP-2 induced neuroinflammation in a dose dependent manner, resulting in higher seroma volume, macrophage marker gene expressions, and higher proportions of immunohistochemically stained TNF-alpha and more macrophage infiltration.

Level of Evidence: 2
Minimally Invasive Placement of Spinal Cord Stimulator Paddle Electrodes Is Associated With Improved Perioperative and Long-Term Experience Among Neuropathic Pain Patients
Authors: Shamji Mohammed F. , Paul Darcia , Mednikov Alina
Published: December 2016

Study Design.

Prospective, observational cohort study.

Objective.

This study compared in-hospital and long-term outcomes among spinal cord stimulation (SCS) patients undergoing paddle insertion by open or minimally invasive surgery (MIS) approaches.

Summary of Background Data.

Patients with treatment-refractory extremity neuropathic pain may benefit from SCS. Conventional placement of surgical paddles for an external neurostimulation trial is through open laminectomy, but MIS techniques may offer advantages.

Methods.

Twenty SCS patients were prospectively assessed. Open patients underwent caudal thoracic laminectomy for multicolumnar electrode paddle placement. MIS patients underwent paddle placement through interlaminar flavectomy using tubular retractors. Demographic data included age, sex, underlying diagnosis, and preoperative visual analog scale (VAS) extremity scores. Intraoperative data included operative duration, blood loss, and number of device passages to achieve final position. Perioperative data included VAS back pain scores; trial data included time-to-trial and time-to-decision. Postoperative data included 1 month VAS back pain scores and 1 year follow-up device complications.

Results.

No demographic differences were observed among surgical cohorts. MIS procedures had shorter operative duration (P = 0.03), less blood loss (P < 0.001), and similar median number of device passages (2 vs 1.5, P = 0.71). MIS patients reported less perioperative surgical back pain (P < 0.05). External neurostimulation trials began sooner among MIS patients who also made sooner decision whether to implant the SCS device (2.8 ± 1.4 vs 4.3 ± 1.0 days, P = 0.013). Similar 1 month back pain scores were reported between surgical cohorts (P = 0.08).

Conclusion.

MIS techniques for SCS surgical paddle implantation is associated with less perioperative morbidity and surgical site back pain, shorter external neurostimulator trial duration, and long-term device stability benefits.

Level of Evidence: 2
Safety and Efficacy of Underdosing Non-vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in Patients Undergoing Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Yamaji Hirosuke , Murakami Takashi , Hina Kazuyoshi , Higashiya Shunichi , Kawamura Hiroshi , Murakami Masaaki , Kamikawa Shigeshi , Komatsubara Issei , Kusachi Shozo
Published: December 2016

Background:

Some patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) received underdoses of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in the real world. Underdosing is defined as administration of a dose lower than the manufacturer recommended dose.

Objectives:

To identify the efficacy and safety of underdosing NOACs as perioperative anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation ablation.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed patients who received rivaroxaban or dabigatran etexilate according to dosage: adjusted low dosage (reduced by disturbed renal function; n = 30), underdosage (n = 307), or standard dosage (n = 683). Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants and dosing decisions were at the discretion of treating cardiologists.

Results:

Patients who received underdosed NOACs were older, more often female, and had lower body weight and lower renal function than those who received standard dosages. Activated clotting time at baseline in patients who received adjusted low dosage or underdosages was slightly longer than that in patients receiving standard dosages (156 ± 23, 151 ± 224, and 147 ± 24 seconds, respectively). Meaningful differences were not observed in other coagulation parameters. Adjusted low-, under-, and standard-dosing regimens did not differ in perioperative thromboembolic complications (0/30, 0.0%; 1/307, 0.3%; and 0/683, 0%, respectively) or major (0/30, 0.0%; 2/307, 0.6%; 3/683, 0.4%) and minor (1/30, 3.3%; 13/307, 4.2%; 25/683, 3.6%) bleeding episodes. When comparisons were performed for each NOAC, similar results were observed.

Conclusions:

With consideration of patient condition, age, sex, body weight, body mass index, and renal function, underdosing NOACs was effective and safe as a perioperative anticoagulation therapy for atrial fibrillation ablation. The therapeutic range of NOACs is potentially wider than manufacturer recommendations.