bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing flexible work practices for job satisfaction: the relation between job characteristics and work disaggregation in different types of work arrangements
Authors: Neirotti Paolo , Raguseo Elisabetta , Gastaldi Luca
Published: May 2019

The literature on flexible work practices has not yet evaluated in detail how the characteristics of a job affect job satisfaction. This study makes a distinction between two types of flexible work practices according to their aims: the accommodation of employees’ personal lives (employment practice) and the operational reasons of a firm (work practice). Based on this distinction, we studied how the characteristics of a job, which reflect the use of ICT to support the spatial disaggregation of business processes, influence the relationship between the two types of flexible work practices and job satisfaction. We show, through a survey conducted on 987 workers, that the characteristics of a job that favour work disaggregation positively moderate the influence of flexible work as a work practice on job satisfaction, but they do not moderate the influence of flexible work as an employment practice. The implications for managers, workers and scholars are discussed.
Ethical and human rights considerations related to access to anemia diagnosis
Authors: Sinharoy Sheela S. , Fanzo Jessica
Published: May 2019

Important disparities exist in anemia diagnosis globally. We examine individuals’ and populations’ access to anemia diagnosis, the accuracy of diagnostic tests, and the interpretation of test results through the lens of key ethical considerations. These include the human right to health and the Rawlsian concept of the social contract, as well as ethical principles, such as autonomy, self‐liberty, beneficence, and nonmaleficence. We discuss factors that influence individuals’ and communities’ access to high‐quality health services, including geography, gender, age, and socioeconomic status. Geographic and other differences exist in the types of diagnostic equipment and methods used to diagnose anemia, potentially leading to differential classification of anemia across individuals and populations. A diagnosis of anemia also requires follow‐up to understand etiology and appropriate treatment. However, this is not done consistently, in clinical care or in population‐based surveys. To better understand the problem and track countries’ progress, a need exists for disaggregated, longitudinal quantitative and qualitative data on disparities related to anemia. Moving forward, it will be important for countries to improve equitable access to high‐quality health services, particularly primary health care services, and to address barriers to the ability of individuals or communities to effectively enjoy the right to health.
World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: Platelet count and platelet transfusion for invasive dental procedures in thrombocytopenic patients: A systematic review
Authors: Karasneh Jumana , Christoforou Janina , Walker Jennifer S. , Manfredi Maddalena , Dave Bella , Diz Dios Pedro , Lockhart Peter B. , Patton Lauren L.
Published: May 2019

Objectives

To evaluate the evidence for a 50,000/μl platelet count threshold for platelet transfusion for invasive dental procedures in thrombocytopenic patients.

Subjects and Methods

We searched in MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library (Wiley) and Scopus from 1960 through April 2018 for studies on patients with quantitative platelet disorders not related to medical co‐morbidities or medications and undergoing invasive dental procedures. Two reviewers conducted assessments independently.

Results

We found a total of 176 non‐duplicate articles, of which 9 cohort studies met our inclusion criteria. The incidence of postoperative bleeding in thrombocytopenic patients was low (4.9%), and we found no difference in bleeding incidence between patients who had platelet transfusion and those who did not. There was no difference in the mean platelet count for patients with and without bleeding. Different modalities are now available to prevent and control bleeding, which may reduce the need for platelet transfusion.

Conclusions

There is no evidence to support the long‐standing dogma of a need for a platelet count ≥ 50,000/μl for safe invasive dental procedures. Platelet transfusion effectiveness for haemostasis support could not be determined based on available data. Local measures and antifibrinolytics are the mainstay for the prevention and management of bleeding.
World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: Targeting the oral microbiome Part 2: Current knowledge on malignant and potentially malignant oral disorders
Authors: Robledo‐Sierra Jairo , Ben‐Amy Dalit Porat , Varoni Elena , Bavarian Roxanne , Simonsen Janne L. , Paster Bruce J. , Wade William G. , Kerr Alexander R. , Peterson Douglas E. , Frandsen Lau Ellen
Published: May 2019

Objective

The World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII chose the oral microbiome as a focus area. Part 1 presents the methodological state of the science for oral microbiome studies. Part 2 was guided by the question: What is currently known about the microbiome associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma and potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa?

Materials and Methods

A scoping review methodology was followed to identify and analyse relevant studies on the composition and potential functions of the oral microbiota using high‐throughput sequencing techniques. The authors performed searches in PubMed and EMBASE. After removal of duplicates, a total of 239 potentially studies were identified.

Results

Twenty‐three studies on oral squamous cell carcinoma, two on oral leukoplakia and four on oral lichen planus were included with substantial differences in diagnostic criteria, sample type, region sequenced and sequencing method utilised. The majority of studies focused on bacterial identification and recorded statistically significant differences in the oral microbiota associated with health and disease. However, even when comparing studies of similar methodology, the microbial differences between health and disease varied considerably. No consensus on the composition of the microbiomes associated with these conditions on genus and species level could be obtained. Six studies on oral squamous cell carcinoma had included in silico predicted microbial functions (genes and/or pathways) and found some similarities between the studies.

Conclusions

Attempts to reveal the microbiome associated with oral mucosal diseases are still in its infancy, and the studies demonstrate significant clinical and methodological heterogeneity across disease categories. The immense richness and diversity of the microbiota clearly illustrate that there is a need for additional methodologically comparable studies utilising deep sequencing approaches in significant cohorts of subjects together with functional analyses. Our hope is that following the recipe as outlined in our preceding companion paper, that is Part 1, will enhance achieving this in the future and elucidate the role of the oral microbiome in oral squamous cell carcinoma and potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa.
Using Heading date 1 preponderant alleles from indica cultivars to breed high‐yield, high‐quality japonica rice varieties for cultivation in south China
Authors: Leng Yujia , Gao Yihong , Chen Long , Yang Yaolong , Huang Lichao , Dai Liping , Ren Deyong , Xu Qiankun , Zhang Ya , Ponce Kimberly , Hu Jiang , Shen Lan , Zhang Guangheng , Chen Guang , Dong Guojun , Gao Zhenyu , Guo Longbiao , Ye Guoyou , Qian Qian , Zhu Li , Zeng Dali
Published: May 2019

Heading date 1 (Hd1) is an important gene for the regulation of flowering in rice, but its variation in major cultivated rice varieties, and the effect of this variation on yield and quality, remains unknown. In this study, we selected 123 major rice varieties cultivated in China from 1936 to 2009 to analyse the relationship between the Hd1 alleles and yield‐related traits. Among these varieties, 19 haplotypes were detected in Hd1, including two major haplotypes (H8 and H13) in the japonica group and three major haplotypes (H14, H15 and H16) in the indica group. Analysis of allele frequencies showed that the secondary branch number was the major aimed for Chinese indica breeding. In the five major haplotypes, SNP316(C‐T) was the only difference between the two major japonica haplotypes, and SNP495(C‐G) and SNP614(G‐A) are the major SNPs in the three indica haplotypes. Association analysis showed that H16 is the most preponderant allele in modern cultivated Chinese indica varieties. Backcrossing this allele into the japonica variety Chunjiang06 improved yield without decreasing grain quality. Therefore, our analysis offers a new strategy for utilizing these preponderant alleles to improve yield and quality of japonica varieties for cultivation in the southern areas of China.
Development and characterization of marker‐free and transgene insertion site‐defined transgenic wheat with improved grain storability and fatty acid content
Authors: Cao Xuemin , Dong Zhenying , Tian Dong , Dong Lingli , Qian Weiqiang , Liu Jinxing , Liu Xin , Qin Huanju , Zhai Wenxue , Gao Caixia , Zhang Kunpu , Wang Daowen
Published: May 2019

Development of marker‐free and transgene insertion site‐defined (MFTID) transgenic plants is essential for safe application of transgenic crops. However, MFTID plants have not been reported for wheat (Triticum aestivum). Here, we prepared a RNAi cassette for suppressing lipoxygenase (LOX) gene expression in wheat grains using a double right border T‐DNA vector. The resultant construct was introduced into wheat genome via Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation, with four homozygous marker‐free transgenic lines (namely GLRW‐1, ‐3, ‐5 and ‐8) developed. Aided by the newly published wheat genome sequence, the T‐DNA insertion sites in GLRW‐3 and GLRW‐8 were elucidated at base‐pair resolution. While the T‐DNA in GLRW‐3 inserted in an intergenic region, that of GLRW‐8 inactivated an endogenous gene, which was thus excluded from further analysis. Compared to wild ‐type (WT) control, GLRW‐1, ‐3 and ‐5 showed decreased LOX gene expression, lower LOX activity and less lipid peroxidation in the grains; they also exhibited significantly higher germination rates and better seedling growth after artificial ageing treatment. Interestingly, the three GLRW lines also had substantially increased contents of several fatty acids (e.g., linoleic acid and linolenic acid) in their grain and flour samples than WT control. Collectively, our data suggest that suppression of grain LOX activity can be employed to improve the storability and fatty acid content of wheat seeds and that the MFTID line GLRW‐3 is likely of commercial value. Our approach may also be useful for developing the MFTID transgenic lines of other crops with enhanced grain storability and fatty acid content.
Revisiting the history of the “Mongolian spot”: The background and implications of a medical term used today
Authors: Zhong Connie S. , Huang Jennifer T. , Nambudiri Vinod E.
Published: May 2019

“Mongolian spot” is a term still commonly used today and found in many dermatology textbooks. This article examines historic literature to understand the social and political climate at the time of its coining. By doing so, this article critically examines the choice of words in pediatric dermatology and how we can use medical terminology to gain the trust and respect of our patients.
Use of luminometry and flow cytometry for evaluating the effects of cryoprotectants in the gorgonian coral endosymbiont Symbiodinium
Authors: Lin Chiahsin , Chong Gabriella , Wang Li‐Hsueh , Kuo Fu‐Wen , Tsai Sujune
Published: May 2019

Cryopreservation has consistently proven to be a viable method for the storage of a wide variety of biological material, and there has been a recent focus on the cryopreservation of Symbiodinium spp. given the role of these dinoflagellates in the biology of the coral hosts with which they regularly associate. The present study aimed to identify the effect of various cryoprotectants (CPAs) on clade G Symbiodinium isolated from the whip coral Junceella fragilis by analyzing (i) dinoflagellate cell membrane integrity (via SYTOX® staining) and (ii) metabolic function (via an ATP assay) after cryopreservation. At low concentrations (1 M), none of the CPAs tested were harmful to the dinoflagellates at up to 60 min of incubation, and methanol and DMSO were the least harmful; neither caused a significant effect on cell ATP content even after 30 min incubations at 4 M concentrations. Detrimental effects of the CPAs increased in the following order: MeOH (lowest) = DMSO < EG < PG < Gly. With respect to the different assays, the ATP bioassay was more sensitive to CPA exposure than SYTOX staining. Given these findings, MeOH and DMSO should see more widespread use in cryopreservation protocols for clade G Symbiodinium, as well as other dinoflagellates.
Traditional Local Justice, Women’s Rights, and the Rule of Law: A Pluralistic Framework
Authors: Facchi Alessandra
Published: May 2019

The paper focuses on the application of a particular conception of the rule of law to situations characterized by traditional local justice and legal pluralism. While in the twentieth century international rule‐of‐law programmes were directed almost exclusively at state legal system, they have recently begun to take into account traditional local justice, namely, those institutions which in many world regions represent the main form of effective justice. Starting with a review of the positive and negative aspects of traditional local justice from a rule‐of‐law perspective, the paper underlines the widespread lack of protection of human rights, particularly of women’s rights. Discussing vertical rule‐of‐law functions in contexts of legal pluralism the paper stresses the advantages of an approach to the promotion of the rule of law based on mutual recognition and influence between different legal authorities and sources. It is argued that this “interactive” approach appears best suited to the complex frameworks of relations that characterize present‐day systems of deep legal pluralism. Finally, the paper underlines the correspondence between this approach and a conception of the rule of law as an ideal framework of plural interactions characterized by the limits imposed on the law by the law itself, and it discusses its advantages from the perspective of human rights and women’s rights promotion.
The Intrinsic Good of Justice
Authors: Rosebury Brian
Published: May 2019

Some retributivists claim that when we punish wrongdoers we achieve a good: justice. The paper argues that the idea of justice, though rhetorically freighted with positive value, contains only a small core of universally agreed meaning; and its development in a variety of competing conceptions simply recapitulates, without resolving, debates within the theory of punishment. If, to break this deadlock, we stipulate an expressly retributivist conception of justice, then we should concede that punishment which is just (in the stipulated sense) may be morally wrong.
The Medical Exception to the Prohibition of Killing: A Matter of the Right Intention?
Authors: Den Hartogh Govert
Published: May 2019

It has long been thought that by using morphine to alleviate the pain of a dying patient, a doctor runs the risk of causing his death. In all countries this kind of killing is explicitly or silently permitted by the law. That permission is usually explained by appealing to the doctrine of double effect: If the use of morphine shortens life, that is only an unintended side effect. The paper evaluates this view, finding it flawed beyond repair and proposing an alternative explanation. It is not the intention of the doctor that counts, but the availability of an “objective” palliative justification.
Deciphering targets of Th17 cells fate: From metabolism to nuclear receptors
Authors: de Oliveira Boldrini Vinícius , dos Santos Farias Alessandro , Degasperi Giovanna Rosa
Published: May 2019

Evidence indicates that reprogramming of metabolism is critically important for the differentiation of CD4 + T lymphocytes, and the manipulation of metabolic pathways in these cells may shape their fate and function. Distinct subgroups from T lymphocytes, such as Th17, adopt specific metabolic programmes to support their needs. Some important metabolic reactions, such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, are considered important for the differentiation of these lymphocytes. Since their discovery nearly a decade ago, Th17 lymphocytes have received significant attention because of their role in the pathology of several immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis. In this review, it will be discussed as the involvement of T cell metabolism and as metabolic reprogramming in activated T cells dictates fate decisions to Th17. The involvement of nuclear receptors such as RORyt e PPARs in the induction of Th17 cells was also discussed. Understanding the metabolic pathways involved in the differentiation of the distinct subgroups of T lymphocytes helps in the design of promising therapeutic proposals.
Laparoscopic ovariectomy in guinea pigs: A pilot study
Authors: McCready Julianne , Beaufrère Hugues , Singh Ameet , Oblak Michelle , Sanchez Andrea
Published: May 2019

Objective

To assess the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic ovariectomy in guinea pigs utilizing 3‐mm minilaparoscopic instruments.

Study design

Experimental pilot study.

Animals

Guinea pigs (n = 3).

Methods

The guinea pigs were sedated, placed under general anesthesia, and intubated under endoscopic visualization. A 3‐port technique was used with a 3.9‐mm cannula for the endoscope and two 3.5‐mm cannulas accommodating 3‐mm endoscopic instruments including a 3‐mm vessel sealing device, grasping forceps, and endoscopic scissors. The abdomen was insufflated with CO2 to a pressure of 6–8 mm Hg. The guinea pigs were manually tilted 90° laterally to visualize the dorsally positioned ovaries.

Results

The procedure was successfully performed in all 3 animals. The surgery times were 120, 45, 45 minutes for the 3 guinea pigs, and anesthesia times were 186, 90, and 76 minutes, respectively. Placing the animals in complete lateral recumbency was found to be critical to visualize and manipulate the ovaries. The guinea pigs recovered smoothly from anesthesia.

Conclusion

Laparoscopic ovariectomy with 3‐mm minilaparoscopic instrumentation using a 3‐port technique was feasible in guinea pigs.

Clinical significance

Laparoscopic ovariectomy can be considered as an alternative to open ovariectomy as an elective surgical technique to prevent reproductive disorders in guinea pigs.
Effectiveness of Qualitative Research Methods: Interviews and Diaries
Authors: Alamri Wafaa Abdullah
Published: May 2019

The present study aims to explore the effectiveness of qualitative research methods. The qualitative research method has been opted after a thorough literature examination. The concept of triangulation and the process of multi-method qualitative research on error correction and students’ motivation were also examined. The results discovered more about the participants as he or she reads their diaries containing their detailed opinions and feelings. Subjectivity is another remarkable feature of diaries for learners to improve their writing skills and to use diverse vocabulary to express their views and emotions. Reviewing the information within a diary helps people to judge their behaviour and others, towards certain events. It was depicted that the triangulation method assists to have a more in-depth understanding of the recorded entries in the diaries by using semi-structured interviews. Both approaches were found to comprise of advantages and disadvantage, where the selection is based on the nature of the study and the understanding of the researcher. The results of the present study help guide the researcher in determining the specific choice of study.
Two Closely Spaced Aneurysms of the Supraclinoid Internal Carotid Artery: How Does One Influence the Other?
Authors: Sunderland Kevin , Huang Qinghai , Strother Charles , Jiang Jingfeng
Published: May 2019

The objective of this study was to use image-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques to analyze the impact that multiple closely spaced intracranial aneurysm (IAs) of the supra-clinoid segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) have on each other's hemodynamic characteristics. The vascular geometry of fifteen (15) subjects with 2 IAs was gathered using a 3D digital subtraction angiography clinical system. Two groups of computer models were created for each subject's vascular geometry: both IAs present (model A) and after removal of one IA (model B). Models were separated into two groups based on IA separation: tandem (one proximal and one distal) and adjacent (aneurysms directly opposite on a vessel). Simulations using a pulsatile velocity waveform were solved by a commercial CFD solver. Proximal IAs altered flow into distal IAs (5 of 7), increasing flow energy and spatial-temporally averaged wall shear stress (STA-WSS: 3–50% comparing models A to B) while decreasing flow stability within distal IAs. Thus, proximal IAs may “protect” a distal aneurysm from destructive remodeling due to flow stagnation. Among adjacent IAs, the presence of both IAs decreased each other's flow characteristics, lowering WSS (models A to B) and increasing flow stability: all changes statistically significant (p < 0.05). A negative relationship exists between the mean percent change in flow stability in relation to adjacent IA volume and ostium area. Closely spaced IAs impact hemodynamic alterations onto each other concerning flow energy, stressors, and stability. Understanding these alterations (especially after surgical repair of one IA) may help uncover risk factor(s) pertaining to the growth of (remaining) IAs.
A Narrative Review on Female Physique Athletes: The Physiological and Psychological Implications of Weight Management Practices
Authors: Alwan Nura , Moss Samantha L. , Elliott-Sale Kirsty J. , Davies Ian G. , Enright Kevin
Published: May 2019

Physique competitions are events in which aesthetic appearance and posing ability are valued above physical performance. Female physique athletes are required to possess high lean body mass and extremely low fat mass in competition. As such, extended periods of reduced energy intake and intensive training regimens are used with acute weight loss practices at the end of the precompetition phase. This represents an increased risk for chronic low energy availability and associated symptoms of relative energy deficiency in sport, compromising both psychological and physiological health. Available literature suggests that a large proportion of female physique athletes report menstrual irregularities (e.g., amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea), which are unlikely to normalize immediately postcompetition. Furthermore, the tendency to reduce intakes of numerous essential micronutrients is prominent among those using restrictive eating patterns. Following competition, reduced resting metabolic rate, and hyperphagia, is also a concern for these female athletes, which can result in frequent weight cycling, distorted body image, and disordered eating/eating disorders. Overall, female physique athletes are an understudied population, and the need for more robust studies to detect low energy availability and associated health effects is warranted. This narrative review aims to define the natural female physique athlete, explore some of the physiological and psychological implications of weight management practices experienced by female physique athletes, and propose future research directions.
Identification of Postconcussion Dual-Task Gait Abnormalities Using Normative Reference Values
Authors: Howell David R. , Buckley Thomas A. , Berkstresser Brant , Wang Francis , Meehan William P.
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify the rate of abnormal single-task and dual-task gait performance following concussion compared to uninjured controls using previously established normative reference values. The authors examined athletes with a concussion (n = 54; mean age = 20.3 [1.1] y, 46% female, tested 2.9 [1.5] d postinjury), and healthy controls were tested during their preseason baseline examination (n = 60; mean age = 18.9 [0.7] y, 37% female). Participants completed an instrumented single-/dual-task gait evaluation. Outcome variables included average walking speed, cadence, and step length. A significantly greater number of those with concussion walked with abnormal dual-task gait speed compared with the control group (56% vs 30%,P = .01). After adjusting for potential confounding variables (age, concussion history, symptom severity, and sleep), concussion was associated with lower dual-task gait speed (β = −0.150; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.252 to −0.047), cadence (β = −8.179; 95% CI = −14.49 to −1.871), and stride length (β = −0.109; 95% CI = −0.204 to −0.014). Although group analyses indicated that those with a concussion performed worse on single-task and dual-task gait compared with controls, a higher rate of abnormal gait was detected for the concussion group compared with the control group for dual-task gait speed only. Dual-task gait speed, therefore, may be considered as a measure to compare against normative values to detect postconcussion impairments.
Systematic Review of the Effects of Cognitive and Behavioral Interventions on Fall-Related Psychological Concerns in Older Adults
Authors: Papadimitriou Angela , Perry Mark
Published: May 2019

This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive and behavioral interventions for improving fall-related psychological concerns. A systematic search yielded eight randomized controlled trials eligible for inclusion. All studies compared a cognitive and behavioral intervention with a control. The meta-analysis showed that cognitive and behavioral treatments had beneficial effects on fear of falling outcomes (lower score better) immediately after treatment (random-effects standardized mean difference [SMD]: −0.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−0.50, −0.10]) and at the longer term follow-up (random-effects SMD: −0.29, 95% CI [−0.49, −0.09]). Cognitive and behavioral treatments also showed a positive effect on falls efficacy outcomes (higher score better) immediately after treatment (fixed-effects SMD: 0.19, 95% CI [0.04, 0.34]) and over the longer term (fixed-effects SMD: 0.13, 95% CI [−0.00, 0.25]). However, the clinical significance of these effects on fear of falling and falls efficacy was unclear. Further work is required with best-practice comparators over a longer follow-up period.
Sport-For-Development Organizational Hybridity: From Differentiated to Dysfunctional
Authors: Raw Katherine , Sherry Emma , Rowe Katie
Published: May 2019

Despite recent advances in sport-for-development (SFD) literature, few scholars have empirically examined organizational hybridity in SFD contexts. This is despite hybrid organizational approaches becoming increasingly common in the delivery of SFD initiatives. Opportunities exist for researchers to build knowledge regarding SFD hybrids, particularly those which operate in professional sport contexts. In this research, we examine an SFD organization, delivered by a professional sport team, which operates under a hybrid structure. A longitudinal qualitative case study design was employed, and findings demonstrate how the SFD organization, which presents a practical example of organizational hybridity, evolved over time. Drawing upon Svensson typologies of SFD hybrids, results illustrate how the organization transformed from a differentiated hybrid into a dysfunctional hybrid, under the influence of funding opportunities and institutional logics. Through the present study, we build upon theoretical understandings of SFD hybrids and offer practical insight into the nuances of SFD hybrids delivered in professional sport contexts.
Conceptualizing Relative Size and Entitativity of Sports Fan Community and Their Roles in Sport Socialization
Authors: Asada Akira , Ko Yong Jae
Published: May 2019

Sport socialization research has revealed that a community is one of the most influential socializing agents. However, little is known about which aspects of a community promote sport socialization and how it occurs. In the current research, we identified and conceptualized two key factors characterizing sports teams’ fan communities, relative size and entitativity, and discussed how these factors influence sport socialization and its outcomes. First, we developed the model of community influence on sport socialization to depict the effects of relative size and entitativity on people’s perceptions and behaviors at the initial stage of their sport socialization. Second, we proposed the model of community influence on the outcomes of sport socialization, which explains how relative size and entitativity contribute to the outcomes of sport socialization.
Greater Lumbar Extension During Dolphin Kick and Psoas Major Tightness in Swimmers With Low Back Pain
Authors: Kitamura Gakuto , Tateuchi Hiroshige , Ichihashi Noriaki
Published: May 2019

Context:In competitive swimming, many swimmers experience low back pain (LBP). Lumbar hyperextension may cause LBP, and tight hip-flexor muscle may cause lumbar extension during swimming.Objective:The purpose of this study was to clarify the features of the elastic moduli of the muscles and the lumbar extension when swimmers with LBP perform a dolphin kick (DK).Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Single center.Other Participants:Eleven male college swimmers were enrolled as the LBP group (who have LBP when swimming and during a lumbar extension), and 21 male college swimmers were recruited as the control group (no LBP).Interventions:The elastic moduli of the psoas major, iliacus, teres major, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, and pectoralis minor were measured through ultrasonic shear wave elastography. The lumbar and hip extension angles during a DK were measured using a video camera. The passive hip extension and shoulder-flexion range of motion (ROM) were measured using a goniometer.Main Outcome Measures:Muscle elastic moduli and lumbar extension angles during DK.Results:The characteristics, muscle elastic moduli, DK motion, and ROM were compared between the 2 groups. LBP group demonstrated significantly higher elastic modulus of the psoas major and lower modulus of pectoralis minor compared with the control group. Also, LBP group showed greater lumbar extension during a DK and less hip extension ROM than the control group.Conclusions:The higher elastic modulus of the psoas major and greater lumbar extension during a DK may be related to the LBP in swimmers.
Russian and Low-Frequency Currents Induced Similar Neuromuscular Adaptations in Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Modesto Karenina Arrais Guida , de Oliveira Pedro Ferreira Alves , Fonseca Hellora Gonçalves , Azevedo Klaus Porto , Guzzoni Vinicius , Bottaro Martim , Babault Nicolas , Durigan Joao Luiz Quagliotti
Published: May 2019

Context: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation is widely used to induce muscular strength increase; however, no study has compared Russian current (RC) with pulsed current (PC) effects after a training program. Objectives: We studied the effects of different neuromuscular electrical stimulation currents, RC, and PC on the neuromuscular system after a 6-week training period. Design: Blinded randomized controlled trial. Setting: Laboratory. Patients: A total of 27 male soccer players (age 22.2 [2.2] y, body mass 74.2 [10.0] kg, height 177 [0] cm, and body mass index 23.7 [2.9] kg/cm2 for the control group; 22.1 [3.1] y, 69.7 [5.7] kg, 174 [0] cm, and 23.0 [2.5] kg/cm for the PC group; and 23.0 [3.4] y, 72.1 [10.7] kg, 175 [0] cm, and 23.5 [3.4] kg/cm for the RC group) were randomized into 3 groups: (1) control group; (2) RC (2500 Hz, burst 100 Hz, and phase duration 200 μs); and (3) PC (100 Hz and 200 μs). Intervention: The experimental groups trained for 6 weeks, with 3 sessions per week with neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Main Outcome Measures: Maximal voluntary isometric contraction and evoked torque, muscle architecture, sensory discomfort (visual analog scale), and electromyographic activity were evaluated before and after the 6-week period. Results: Evoked torque increased in the RC (169.5% [78.2%], P < .01) and PC (248.7% [81.1%], P < .01) groups. Muscle thickness and pennation angle increased in the RC (8.7% [3.8%] and 16.7% [9.0%], P < .01) and PC (16.1% [8.0%] and 27.4% [11.0%], P < .01) groups. The PC demonstrated lower values for visual analog scale (38.8% [17.1%], P < .01). There was no significant time difference for maximal voluntary isometric contraction and root mean square values (P > .05). For all these variables, there was no difference between the RC and PC (P > .05). Conclusion: Despite the widespread use of RC in clinical practice, RC and PC training programs produced similar neuromuscular adaptations in soccer players. Nonetheless, as PC generated less perceived discomfort, it could be preferred after several training sessions.
Youth Female Ice Hockey Players’ Enjoyment and Commitment to Sport
Authors: Roethlisberger Kari , Beasley Vista , Martin Jeffrey , Byrd Brigid , Munroe-Chandler Krista , Muir Irene
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify sport-specific predictors of youth female athletes’ sport commitment and sport enjoyment. Based on the expectancy-value model, athletic identity and gender stereotypes were hypothesized to predict sport commitment and sport enjoyment in ice hockey, which has a masculine gender association. Participants consisted of 130 (89.2% Caucasian) youth female ice hockey players (Mage = 11.7, SD = 2.6). They completed measures of athletic identity; personal gender beliefs; perceived gender beliefs of parents, teammates, siblings, and the general population; and two outcome measures: sport commitment and sport enjoyment. The prediction model for sport commitment was significant, F(7, 122) = 9.56, p < .001, and accounted for 35.4% of the variance. The prediction model for sport enjoyment was also significant, F(7, 122) = 2.25, p < .01, and accounted for 11.5% of the variance. Overall, youth female ice hockey players held pro-feminine beliefs about competence and values of girls in hockey. Participants’ personal gender beliefs correlated moderately with perceived gender beliefs of their (socializers) parents, teammates, and the general population (r = .54–.56), suggesting youth female ice hockey players’ pro-feminine beliefs might be informed by these social influences. However, two multiple mediation analyses found no support for the hypotheses that personally held stereotypes mediated the link between all four socially based gender stereotypes and enjoyment and commitment.
General Mindfulness Differentially Predicted by Male and Female Exercisers’ Perceptions of Motivational Climate and Goal Orientations
Authors: Lucas Kristen , Moore E. Whitney G.
Published: May 2019

Extending upon Iwasaki and Fry’s study published in 2016, the connections between mindfulness, goal orientations, and motivational climate perceptions were examined among exercisers. Participants (N = 324, 62% women) were surveyed six weeks into their group exercise classes on their perceptions of the class climate (caring, task-involving, and ego-involving), goal orientations (task and ego), and general mindfulness. Separate linear regressions for men and women were run to determine if exercisers’ perceptions of the motivational climate and their goal orientations predicted general mindfulness. Similar to previous research, ego goal orientation did not significantly predict mindfulness. In contrast to previous research, the regression model for women exercisers was not significant and predicted only 2.3% of general mindfulness variance. However, 9.6% of general mindfulness variance was predicted for men by the significant regression model. Men’s perceptions of the caring climate and their task goal orientation were similarly important positive predictors of mindfulness. By fostering a caring climate, exercise instructors have the potential to increase their participants’ general mindfulness, an important avenue for positively affecting participants’ quality of life.
Remdesivir (GS-5734) protects African green monkeys from Nipah virus challenge
Authors: Lo Michael K. , Feldmann Friederike , Gary Joy M. , Jordan Robert , Bannister Roy , Cronin Jacqueline , Patel Nishi R. , Klena John D. , Nichol Stuart T. , Cihlar Tomas , Zaki Sherif R. , Feldmann Heinz , Spiropoulou Christina F. , de Wit Emmie
Published: May 2019

Treatment of African green monkeys with remdesivir (GS-5734) 24 hours after lethal Nipah virus challenge resulted in 100% survival.
An E460D Substitution in the NS5 Protein of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Confers Resistance to the Inhibitor Galidesivir (BCX4430) and Also Attenuates the Virus for Mice
Authors: Eyer Ludek , Nougairède Antoine , Uhlířová Marie , Driouich Jean-Sélim , Zouharová Darina , Valdés James J. , Haviernik Jan , Gould Ernest A. , De Clercq Erik , de Lamballerie Xavier , Ruzek Daniel
Published: May 2019

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a pathogen that causes severe human neuroinfections in Europe and Asia and for which there is currently no specific therapy. We have previously found that galidesivir (BCX4430), a broad-spectrum RNA virus inhibitor, which is under clinical development for treatment of Ebola and yellow fever virus infections, has a strong antiviral effect against TBEV. For any antiviral drug, it is important to generate drug-resistant mutants to understand how the drug works. Here, we produced TBEV mutants resistant to galidesivir and found that the resistance is caused by a single amino acid substitution in an active site of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, an enzyme which is crucial for replication of the viral RNA genome. Although this substitution led only to a subtle decrease in viral fitness in cell culture, galidesivir-resistant TBEV was highly attenuated in a mouse model. Our results contribute to understanding the molecular basis of galidesivir antiviral activity.
Genome Sequences of Mycobacteriophages Ebony and Holeinone
Authors: Cook-Easterwood Jennifer , Gase Hailey , Ngene Chioma , Katsanos Joanna
Published: May 2019

Ebony and Holeinone represent the first mycobacteriophages isolated from Charlotte, NC, soil samples, using the host
Mycobacterium smegmatis
strain mc
2
155. Ebony has a 52,152-bp genome and showed similarity to other phages in the A11 subcluster.
Rare presentation of cryptococcal meningitis in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: Khattab Ahmed , Patruni Sunita , Sealey Mary L
Published: May 2019

Cryptococcal meningitis is an opportunistic infection predominantly affecting immunocompromised patients but rarely can affect the immunocompetent. We describe a 53-year-old Caucasian man who presented complaining of a 2-week history of severe bilateral eye pain and diplopia. His only known risk factor was that he lived in a horse farm and recently shot bats and pigeons in his barn. He visited an outside hospital during this time without a diagnosis established. After further deliberation, we obtained a lumbar puncture (LP) which revealed an opening pressure (OP) of 27 cm H2O. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and fungal cultures confirmed the presence ofCryptococcus neoformans. The patient was diagnosed withC. neoformans-mediated meningoencephalitis and was initiated on the appropriate induction anti-fungal therapy. This case emphasises the need for clinicians to remain vigilant and consider cryptococcal meningitis in immunocompetent individuals even when classic symptoms of meningitis are absent.
Measuring only hop distance during single leg hop testing is insufficient to detect deficits in knee function after ACL reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kotsifaki Argyro , Korakakis Vasileios , Whiteley Rod , Van Rossom Sam , Jonkers Ilse
Published: May 2019

Objective

To systematically review the biomechanical deficits after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) during single leg hop for distance (SLHD) testing and report these differences compared with the contralateral leg and with healthy controls.

Design

Systematic review with meta-analysis.

Data sources

A systematic search in Pubmed (Ovid), EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library, grey literature and trial registries, was conducted from inception to 1 April 2018.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

Studies reporting kinematic, kinetic and/or electromyographic data of the ACLR limb during SLHD with no language limits.

Results

The literature review yielded 1551 articles and 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis revealed strong evidence of lower peak knee flexion angle and knee flexion moments during landing compared with the uninjured leg and with controls. Also, moderate evidence (with large effect size) of lower knee power absorption during landing compared with the uninjured leg. No difference was found in peak vertical ground reaction force during landing. Subgroup analyses revealed that some kinematic variables do not restore with time and may even worsen.

Conclusion

During SLHD several kinematic and kinetic deficits were detected between limbs after ACLR, despite adequate SLHD performance. Measuring only hop distance, even using the healthy leg as a reference, is insufficient to fully assess knee function after ACLR.

PROSPERO trial registration numberCRD42018087779.
Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome: review of acute decompensated diabetes in adult patients
Authors: Karslioglu French Esra , Donihi Amy C , Korytkowski Mary T
Published: May 2019

Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) are life threatening complications that occur in patients with diabetes. In addition to timely identification of the precipitating cause, the first step in acute management of these disorders includes aggressive administration of intravenous fluids with appropriate replacement of electrolytes (primarily potassium). In patients with diabetic ketoacidosis, this is always followed by administration of insulin, usually via an intravenous insulin infusion that is continued until resolution of ketonemia, but potentially via the subcutaneous route in mild cases. Careful monitoring by experienced physicians is needed during treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis and HHS. Common pitfalls in management include premature termination of intravenous insulin therapy and insufficient timing or dosing of subcutaneous insulin before discontinuation of intravenous insulin. This review covers recommendations for acute management of diabetic ketoacidosis and HHS, the complications associated with these disorders, and methods for preventing recurrence. It also discusses why many patients who present with these disorders are at high risk for hospital readmissions, early morbidity, and mortality well beyond the acute presentation.
Real-world treatment persistence of golimumab in the management of immune-mediated rheumatic diseases in Europe: a systematic literature review
Authors: Luttropp Karin , Dozier Mary , Justo Nahila , Cornillie Freddy , Kachroo Sumesh , Govoni Marinella , Salomonsson Stina , Black Christopher M , Khalifa Ahmed
Published: May 2019

Objectives

To summarise real-world data from studies reporting golimumab persistence in European immune-mediated rheumatic disease (IMRD) populations and to report pooled estimates.

Design

Systematic literature review.

Data sources

Relevant literature was identified through searching Medline and Embase via Ovid as well as the conference databases of European League Against Rheumatism and American College of Rheumatology—Association of Rheumatology Health Professionals.

Eligibility criteria

We screened records using predefined patients, interventions, comparators, outcomes and study design criteria. Eligible studies included reports of persistence among adult IMRD patients in Europe receiving treatment with subcutaneous golimumab. Clinical trials, randomised controlled trials, literature reviews, editorials, guidelines and studies with <20 patients receiving golimumab were excluded.

Data extraction and synthesis

Following double screening by two independent reviewers, 27 studies out of 578 identified records were selected for inclusion and subsequent data extraction. Persistence was most commonly reported at 12and 24 months; hence, pooled persistence estimates were calculated for these two time points and reported according to indication.

Results

Persistence ranged between 58.1% (psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients regardless of treatment line) and 75.7% (biological-naïve rheumatoid arthritis patients) at 12 months; at 24 months, the range was 43% (axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) patients regardless of treatment line) and 69.6% (biological-naïve PsA patients). On the basis of data from 12 studies, persistence with golimumab treatment was either significantly higher or not significantly different from other tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi).

Conclusions

Golimumab persistence at 24 months approximates 50%, with a lower persistence among AxSpA (43%) patients. However, as the number of studies in these populations was low, they warrant further research. In 12 studies comparing various TNFi treatments, golimumab was shown to have significantly better or equal persistence to its comparators.
Prominence of ileal mucosa-associated microbiota to predict postoperative endoscopic recurrence in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Sokol Harry , Brot Loic , Stefanescu Carmen , Auzolle Claire , Barnich Nicolas , Buisson Anthony , Fumery Mathurin , Pariente Benjamin , Le Bourhis Lionel , Treton Xavier , Nancey Stéphane , Allez Matthieu , Seksik Philippe
Published: May 2019

Objective

Following ileal resection for Crohn’s disease (CD), recurrence is very frequent. Although several clinical risk factors of recurrence have been identified, predicting relapse remains challenging. Performing an ileocolonoscopy within the first year after surgery is currently recommended to assess endoscopic recurrence and to adjust the treatment. We took advantage of a large prospective multicentric cohort to investigate the role of the ileal mucosa-associated microbiota in postoperative endoscopic recurrence.

Patients and methods

Ileal mucosa-associated microbiota was analysed by 16S sequencing at the time of surgery and/or of endoscopic evaluation in 201 patients (288 samples in total) prospectively recruited in France.

Results

Ileal mucosa-associated microbiota exhibits profound changes following surgery in CD. Compared with non-recurrence setting, endoscopic recurrence is associated with strong changes in ileal mucosa-associated microbiota that are highly reminiscent of those observed generally in ileal CD compared with healthy subjects with a reduction in alpha diversity, an increase in several members of the Proteobacteria phylum and a decrease in several members of the Lachnospiraceae and the Ruminococcaceae families within the Firmicutes phylum. At the time of surgery, we identified several bacterial taxa associated with endoscopic recurrence and that can better predict relapse than usual clinical risk factors.

Conclusion

Surgery has an important impact on ileal mucosa-associated microbiota. Postoperative endoscopic recurrence is associated with changes in microbiota composition and alpha diversity. The gut microbiota has the potential to predict postoperative evolution and recurrence.