bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychology, Economic Policy Design, and Implementation: Contributing to the Understanding of Economic Policy Failures in Africa
Authors: Oppong Seth
Published: September 2014

When designing economic policies, policy makers work with the assumption that targeted beneficiaries would respond in a manner that would lead to success of the policy. However, the responses of beneficiaries do not always follow the expected pattern. Drawing on Thaler and Sunstein’s (2008) and Asante’s (2003) theses, this paper projects the view that economic policies that fail to take account of the psychology of the target people fail. The position in this paper is based on the premises that human beings, as choice architects, are not necessarily rational beings always acting in their self-interests and that culture, traditions, and national aspirations influence the success of economic policies. It is argued that inertia (the unwillingness to move or change the status quo) is related to how individuals living in poverty respond to policies intended to alleviate their conditions. New theoretical insights are advanced and recommendations made on the basis of the exploration of the literature.
Pain control in the continuity of care
Authors: Samolsky Dekel Boaz Gedaliahu , Varani Silvia , Samolsky Dekel Robert Adir , Di Nino GianFranco , Melotti Rita Maria
Published: September 2014

As cancer is earlier diagnosed and its treatments improve, palliative care is increasingly playinga vital role in the oncology population. The concept and the timing of application of palliativecare have evolved in the last decades. The WHO pain ladder and the greater understanding ofappropriate multimodal pain control treatments have dramatically improved the managementof cancer pain. Integration of palliative care, which appears crucial for a proper management ofpatients, can be defined as the provision of palliative care both during curative cancer treatmentand after curative treatment has ceased. Clinical assistance should be delivered by specialisedphysicians in different fields, psychologists and nurses, and should include all aspects of advancedcancercare, from diagnosis to the treatment of symptoms. A further aspect of integration ofpalliative care concerns the role of the continuity of care in acute or emergency contexts bothfor out- and inpatients. Further improvements in the management of cancer pain are needed.First, the WHO ladder should be modified with further steps, like those of interventional paincontrol procedures and techniques, with the aim of being effective also for the small proportion ofnonresponsive patients. Second, more research is needed to find out which interventions aimingto improve continuity of care of cancer patients are beneficial to improve patient, providerand process of care outcomes and to identify which outcomes are the most sensitive to change.Of crucial importance would be the development of a standardised instrument to measure thecontinuity of care in cancer patients.This article is a brief overview on the management of cancer pain, from the pharmacologicaltreatments reported by WHO ladder, to the need for integration and continuity of care.
Interactions dans la construction d’une identité musicale locale
Authors: Gervasi Flavia
Published: September 2014

Le festival italien Notte della Taranta est un exemple très intéressant qui permet de comprendre le rôle et l’incidence des politiques culturelles locales et régionales mises en oeuvre afin d’attirer l’attention médiatique et touristique sur le territoire salentin. Pour ce faire, les opérateurs culturels, qui organisent le festival, ont recours à la force attractive d’une certaine image de l’identité musicale locale. C’est pourquoi nous avons réinterrogé la notion d’identité locale afin d’analyser comment cette notion devient opérationnelle dans le cadre du festival en contribuant à sa réussite et à son succès. Nous avons ainsi circonscrit les divers acteurs qui participent à cet événement, puis défini leur rôle et leurs stratégies respectives afin de dégager des outils d’analyse, voire peut-être un modèle de fonctionnement qu’il serait intéressant de mettre à l’épreuve d’autres contextes festivaliers similaires.
Chant céleste
Authors: Aubourg Valérie
Published: September 2014

La glossolalie est considérée comme le prototype des éléments, aussi mystérieux qu’irrationnels, garantissant la fascination des croyants pour les cultes pentecôtistes-charismatiques. Cependant, nos observations sur le terrain réunionnais nous conduisent à nuancer cette représentation : au-delà du caractère apparemment anarchique de ce phénomène, des normes et des codes lui sont associés. Nous souhaitons donc montrer l’influence jouée par le contexte religieux et organisationnel sur ces expériences extatiques individuelles. Pour ce faire, nous userons de la comparaison entre trois groupes : pentecôtiste, charismatique catholique et évangélique charismatique réunionnais. Dans chacun, nous procédons de manière originale en étudiant la musicalité des glossolalies. En amont, nous prendrons soin de situer ces interventions sonores dans le contexte de leur énonciation. Elles sont mises en lien en aval avec l’approche dogmatique portée par chaque groupe religieux. Les différences relevées entre ces assemblées mettent en évidence une pluralité de « chants célestes », ce qui permet de voir comment, dans l’état désordonné dans lequel le glossolale semble s’oublier, sa tradition culturelle et religieuse influence encore son comportement.
Stigmatisation de la jeunesse japonaise par le discours et les représentations de la délinquance juvénile (1997-2010)
Authors: D’Orangeville Akané
Published: September 2014

À la suite de certains grands meurtres commis en 1997 et 2000 par des jeunes de 14 et 17 ans, un discours sur les délinquants juvéniles comme étant plus violents, plus cruels, plus anormaux et plus nombreux que jamais auparavant s’installait chez les intellectuels et dans les médias japonais. Or, par dérapage analytique, ce discours a été généralisé à tous les jeunes, qui ont été considérés comme étant des individus violents, incompréhensibles, anormaux et potentiellement criminels malgré une certaine normalité apparente, faisant d’eux des dangers pour la nation. Cette étude présente le développement du discours stigmatisant la jeunesse des années 2000, en présentant les concepts clés qui ont été utilisés comme caractéristiques ainsi que comme arguments de la monstruosité cachée chez les jeunes Japonais.
Poiesis and Enchantment in Topological Matter
Authors: Sha Xin Wei
Published: September 2014

A groundbreaking conception of interactive media, inspired by continuity, field, and process, with fresh implications for art, computer science, and philosophy of technology.

In this challenging but exhilarating work, Sha Xin Wei argues for an approach to materiality inspired by continuous mathematics and process philosophy. Investigating the implications of such an approach to media and matter in the concrete setting of installation- or event-based art and technology, Sha maps a genealogy of topological media—that is, of an articulation of continuous matter that relinquishes a priori objects, subjects, and egos and yet constitutes value and novelty. Doing so, he explores the ethico-aesthetic consequences of topologically creating performative events and computational media. Sha's interdisciplinary investigation is informed by thinkers ranging from Heraclitus to Alfred North Whitehead to Gilbert Simondon to Alain Badiou to Donna Haraway to Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari.

Sha traces the critical turn from representation to performance, citing a series of installation-events envisioned and built over the past decade. His analysis offers a fresh way to conceive and articulate interactive materials of new media, one inspired by continuity, field, and philosophy of process. Sha explores the implications of this for philosophy and social studies of technology and science relevant to the creation of research and art. Weaving together philosophy, aesthetics, critical theory, mathematics, and media studies, he shows how thinking about the world in terms of continuity and process can be informed by computational technologies, and what such thinking implies for emerging art and technology.
The Greenest Nation?
Authors: Uekötter Frank
Published: September 2014

An account of German environmentalism that shows the influence of the past on today's environmental decisions.

Germany enjoys an enviably green reputation. Environmentalists in other countries applaud its strict environmental laws, its world-class green technology firms, its phase-out of nuclear power, and its influential Green Party. Germans are proud of these achievements, and environmentalism has become part of the German national identity. In The Greenest Nation? Frank Uekötter offers an overview of the evolution of German environmentalism since the late nineteenth century. He discusses, among other things, early efforts at nature protection and urban sanitation, the Nazi experience, and civic mobilization in the postwar years. He shows that much of Germany's green reputation rests on accomplishments of the 1980s, and emphasizes the mutually supportive roles of environmental nongovernmental organizations, corporations, and the state.

Uekötter looks at environmentalism in terms of civic activism, government policy, and culture and life, eschewing the usual focus on politics, prophets, and NGOs. He also views German environmentalism in an international context, tracing transnational networks of environmental issues and actions and discussing German achievements in relation to global trends. Bringing his discussion up to the present, he shows the influence of the past on today's environmental decisions. As environmentalism is wrestling with the challenges of the twenty-first century, Germany could provide a laboratory for the rest of the world.
FORMakademisk med fortløpende publisering
Authors: Reitan Janne Beate
Published: September 2014

Ved slutten av 3. årgang for FORMakademisk går vi nå et skritt videre når det gjelder å utnytte fordelene ved digital publisering. I forrige temanummer, Research by Design, publiserte vi artikler hvor videoer var integrert i teksten som illustrasjoner. I dette nummeret benytter vi muligheten til å publisere artiklene kontinuerlig. Dette gjør at tiden fra innsending, via fagfellevurdering til publisering av artikkel blir kortet ned. Forfatterne jobber i ulikt tempo, og nå slipper forfatterne å vente på at et visst antall artikler som utgjør et nummer er klare samtidig. Denne utgaven av FORMakademisk er et åpent nummer, som vil speile noe av bredden innen forskningsfeltet design og designdidaktikk.
Baseskoler. En kritisk diskursanalyse av teksten Baser fra Rådgivningstjenesten for skoleanlegg
Authors: Vinje Erlend
Published: September 2014

Denne artikkelen gir innledningsvis en beskrivelse av utviklingen av begrepsbruken knyttet til skoleanlegg med åpne løsninger. Disse skoleanleggene gikk på 1970-tallet under betegnelsen åpen skole her i landet, men blir i dag ofte knyttet til begrepet baseskoler. Artikkelen gjør videre en kritisk diskursanalyse av teksten Baser fra en av Utdanningsdirektoratets inter­nett­sider, som presenteres gjennom den nasjonale rådgivingstjenesten for skoleanlegg. Analysen viser hvordan den aktuelle teksten både er konstituert av, og med på å konstituere en spesiell diskurs som den hegemoniske i konkurranse med en alternativ diskurs i base­skole­debatten. Artikkelen vil også drøfte denne ensidige vektleggingen av den ene av to konkurrer­ende diskurser på bakgrunn av nyere forskning.
Mellan skrå och profession. Om de svenska arkitekt- och ingenjörsutbildningarnas framväxt och hur ett dominerande kunskapsideal har tagit form
Authors: Grange Kristina
Published: September 2014

I denna artikel kommer utvecklingen från skråväsendets upplösning till de moderna arkitekt- och ingenjörsprofessionernas framväxt i slutet av 1800-talet att tecknas. I fokus för den i huvudsak empiriska framställningen står utvecklingen av det utbildningssystem som än i dag i hög grad bildar utgångspunkt för arkitekters och ingenjörers professionella identiteter. En teoretisk utgångspunkt hämtas från Foucault och föreställningen att makt och vetande förutsätter varandra. Med ett brett angreppssätt identifieras sedan ett antal yttre händelser som har bidragit till att producera ett tekniskt-vetenskapligt kunskapsideal. Detta kunskaps­ideal finns institutionaliserat i dagens utbildningssystem och fortsätter därigenom att produ­cera fältet av möjliga handlingar för arkitekter i dag.
More Than a Quarter of a Century: The Doctoral Programme at Oslo School of Architecture and Design: notes on the development of education since 1981
Authors: Dunin-Woyseth Halina
Published: September 2014

This paper is intended to present how the Doctoral Programme at the Oslo School of Architecture and Design (AHO, also referred to as the school later in this paper) has developed since 1981.   The paper focuses on the organised research education which has been offered at the school since 1992. Although the school has been the main engine of these doctoral studies, (mainly because it has had the right to confer the doctoral degrees), it has cooperated with other kindred institutions in a mutual learning process. The paper examines in turn the eight volumes of the Research Magazine, which discusses the development of the Doctoral Programme at the school. The paper concludes with a brief evaluation regarding the doctoral programme at the AHO. In the postscript closing the paper, some contributors who have made this development possible are mentioned.
Baseskoledebatten i media – hvem mener hva og hvorfor?
Authors: Vinje Erlend
Published: September 2014

Denne artikkelen gir en diskursanalyse av et strategisk utvalg av 50 ytringer fra nett­mediatekster, som alle er knyttet til diskursen rundt utformingen av skoleanlegg - den såkalte ”baseskoledebatten”. Denne analysen viser at det i all hovedsak er skoleeiere og skoleledere som fremmer argumenter for baseskoler, mens lærere, foreldre og forskere i hovedsak står fram med støtte til den tradisjonelle skolen i mediebildet. Analysen viser også at den offentlige diskursen rundt baseskoler har en svak eksplisitt relasjon til forskning, spesielt gjelder dette argumentasjonen for baseskoler. Gjennom å studere dialektikken mellom diskursiv og sosiokulturell praksis kan det fremmes argumenter for at utbygging av baseskoler kan skyldes strukturelle strategier for å drive administrasjon av skoler enklere og billigere og for å endre lærerrollen i retning av en stadig mer individualisert opplæring av elevene.
The Oslo Museum Puzzle. Reflections on the relation between culture and economy
Authors: Skrede Joar
Published: September 2014

The decision has been made to relocate several cultural institutions in Oslo, without any existing plans for the old premises. In this article, the supportive arguments are analysed against the backdrop of the critical voices. The critics want to preserve the old buildings because they are embedded in the nation’s collective memory and have value as history. The supporters of the plans argue that the new buildings are bricks in a bigger city renewal project and shall generate synergetic effects beyond just functioning as cultural institutions. Critical discourse analysis is used eclectically as a methodological framework with a specific focus on what structural patterns of social change the arguments imply. The conclusion is that economy’s entry into the cultural sphere may be a threat to the cultural heritage.
When past and new experiences meet. Negotiating meaning with 3-D materials in early childhood education
Authors: Fredriksen Biljana C.
Published: September 2014

This article suggests that the process of meaning making is closely related to embodied experience and social interaction. The article is based on a study of specific contexts of visual arts education with 3–5 year old children. The study aims to enlarge understanding of relationships between children’s experience with three-dimensional (3-D) materials and their meaning-making processes. Empirical data were collected through observations of children’s play and video documentation of interactions between a practitioner-researcher and pairs of children. The data were analysed through interpretative, contextual, arts-based inquiry, and the findings were presented in the form of vignettes. Two vignettes with 3-year-old boys are presented in this article, in order to discuss how the boys’ explorative play with 3-D materials formed the basis for their experience, problem solving, imaginative response, multimodal expressions and meaning making. It is further suggested that the children’s new understandings emerge from the ‘meetings’ between their past and new experiences, stimulated by the 3-D material’s affordances and resistance.
Kopiering av tradisjonskunst som læringsmetode
Authors: Rorgemoen Mari
Published: September 2014

Artikkelen er skriven på bakgrunn av problematikk kring utvikling av ein forskingsbasert didaktikk for tekstilundervisninga på grunnstudiet ved Institutt for folkekultur, Høgskolen i Telemark. Delar av forskingsprosjektet tek difor utgangspunkt i eksisterande undervisnings­verksemd ved dette studiet. Spørsmåla som det er søkt å få svar på her, er: Kva dialog og læri­ng er framtredande ved kopiering av ein tradisjonell tekstilgjenstand? og: Korleis har denne arbeidsmåten ein plass i ein forskingsbasert didaktikk? Kopiprosessen skjedde i ein avgrensa oppgåveperiode, utført med to studentgrupper i 2008/2009. Intervju var valt som me­to­de saman med analyse av innhald i oppgåverapportar som var skrivne samtidig med kopiverksemda. I samband med utvikling av ein forskingsbasert didaktikk der kopiverksemd inngår, er drøftingane førte på grunnlag av sosiokulturell og sløydpedagogisk teori, saman med teori i møte med folkekunst. Kopiprosessen er relatert til ein verksemdsmodell for sløydfaget. Resultata er drøfta i høve til mål for oppgåva og gjeldande fagplan. Kopiering som læringsmetode har ein plass i ein forskingsbasert didaktikk når verksemda fører til erkjenning og integrert forståing, ikkje som rekonstruksjon av tradisjonar. Målet for ein forsk­ings­­basert didaktikk er horisontsamansmelting som følgje av hermeneutiske samtaler som gjeld samspel, spatialitet, spelereglar og spelerom i tradisjonen.
Architectural quality in competitions. A dialogue based assessment of design proposals
Authors: Rönn Magnus
Published: September 2014

This article is the outcome of a comprehensive study of architectural competitions in the Nordic countries (1999-2000). The vital content of the research is derived from a series of meticulously conducted interviews with key actors including 18 highly qualified and experi­enced experts from the jury members representing clients, architectural associations and competitors. The study refers to quality as a key-concept and a main source of conceiving, judg­ing and selecting a prize winner. It is possible to articulate how architectural quality issues are met by jury members; how they are being communicated; and how a winner is no­mi­nated. The study provides insight into how the concept of quality in architectural design is understood in practice. Quality is identified through design criteria in a dialogue-based assess­ment of architecture and urban design projects. The assumption is that the judgment and evaluation of entries in competitions are strongly connected to the leading values, norms, regulations, organizations and traditions in Scandinavia. When quality is contextually bound, the assessment becomes a question of how the solutions fit the specific plot. These issues in a competition process cause uncertainties and discrepancies in judging and selection. However, while the main role of jury members is to agree upon the most appropriate solutions, they finally succeed in designating the best entry through their cumulated tacit knowledge and well-trained eyes. Competence and consensus are therefore two essential factors that make jury members feel confident in their final choice of a winner.
‘Getting Going’ – Research by Design
Authors: Morrison Andrew , Sevaldson Birger
Published: September 2014

Research by Design is the theme of this first special guest edited issue of FORMakademisk. In this issue we look into a growing domain of design research that takes up relations between practice and theory that are pertinent for inquiry in the interdisciplinary approaches and frameworks that are often central to research in design (Rust et al. 2005). As the articles gathered here show, this is research than spans a range of established and emerging areas and their methods and analyses. The articles indicate how far design research has moved from earlier locations in craft traditions and historical analyses and characterisations and perspectives lodged in industrial design. These views do still matter, but they are now part of the changing profession of design and a burgeoning body of international research.
Discussions & Movements in Design Research
Authors: Sevaldson Birger
Published: September 2014

The main approach of this paper is to look at design research from a systems-oriented perspective. This implies that design research is understood as a dynamic and emergent field of interrelated or contradicting thoughts, concepts and ideas. The first three sections of this paper draw cross-sections into the emerging richness in design research as it matures as a genuine mode of knowledge production. They address some of the positions, concepts, and discussions going on in the field, arguing that practice research in design is the most central. The current state is discussed and the relation between design research and other modes of knowledge production are looked at. A main tendency seems to be that design research is moving towards greater complexity both in issues and approaches and that Research by Design is becoming ever more central. Research by Design emphasizes insider perspectives, a generative approach, operates in rich and multiple layers and relates to real life contexts. The output is new communicable knowledge that is only found within design practice. The next two sections of the paper discuss the various possible relations between design practice and reflection. These span from distant perspectives where design practice is observed by outsider researchers, looking at practice retrospectively or contemporarily as in case studies, to participatory research and insider perspectives where the designer-researcher uses his or her own practice as a means for investigation and a bases and subject for reflection and knowledge production. The last section proposes the critical application of multiple perspectives, methods and media in composite approaches to design research. This analysis does not claim to provide a complete picture, but it suggests a method of looking at the field of design research in both a more holistic and more specific way. This could be helpful to position the individual design researchers approach in the complex landscape of design research. Arguing that ‘traditional sciences’ are very complex and manifold, design research is in itself a very complex, if not one of the most complex field of knowledge production. The paper claims that such a complexity demands an equally rich repertoire of interrelated methods and positions.
Have You Heard This? Designing Mobile Social Software
Authors: Knutsen Jørn Georg Sannes , Morrison Andrew
Published: September 2014

It is now possible to include complex visual movement in screen interfaces, including those that enable web browsing on different media devices. This article investigates the potential for employing movement in web browsing – or more specifically, how motional form may be connected to interface actions. The investigation is carried out through design experiment­ation. Techniques of ‘motion sketching’ have been developed and utilized in a practice-based research project. The resulting motion sketches are analysed as realizations of complex mediation – by drawing on social semiotics and the concept of action from Leont’ev. The article argues that motional form is made meaningful through connotations and experiential metaphors, and suggests ten provisional principles for how motional form may be used in web browsing. This challenges notions of form and function in current interface design and how social semiotic theory may be produced.
User Requirements of Furniture Influenced by a Move to a Senior Housing
Authors: Jonsson Oskar , Sperling Lena , Östlund Britt , Hornyánszky Elisabeth Dalholm
Published: September 2014

User-centred design approaches within the field of furniture design for old people involves an act of embracing and balancing various end-user needs and assessing their relative importance for the product experience. It is often assumed that older people’s physiological needs dominate their other needs. In the present study, three focus group interviews were carried out with the exploratory purpose of gaining an understanding of how people feel and think about changes when moving to and living in an apartment in senior housing, outside the housing market, and what impact this has on their opinions of furniture and other interior products. Twelve people aged 59–93 took part. The outcomes of the focus group interviews point to demands on products that support the physical, psychological and social changes that relocation and aging may bring, and correspond to an independent and self-determinant identity. User requirements related to usability and affective product experience for the design of totally new or improved products are proposed. The paper discusses the complexity in the research assignment to communicate and bring end-user knowledge and experiences to life, and suggests that designers will benefit from carrying out or being involved in user-centred research.
Among paradigms: Major ways of framing user-related problems in contemporary architectural discourse
Authors: Sirowy Beata
Published: September 2014

While a review of contemporary architectural theory indicates that user-related concerns have not been absent, this discussion remains rather fragmented and incidental. Seeking reasons behind this situation, this paper discusses the major paradigms underpinning contemporary architectural discourse and explicates how different paradigms ground different approaches to users. It reveals certain limitations of the dominating conceptual positions (positivism/post­positivism, critical theory, constructivism), and argues in turn for the relevance of phenomen­ology in supporting a more user- and context-sensitive architectural practice.
Kritisk realisme og byplanforskning
Authors: Næss Petter
Published: September 2014

Artikkelen drøfter vitenskapsteoretiske forutsetninger for at byplanlegging skal kunne være mulig og meningsfull, og peker på kritisk realisme som en fruktbar vitenskapsteoretisk plattform for byplanforskning. Flere av dagens mest utbredte vitenskapsteoretiske posisjoner er uforenlige med å frambringe det kunnskapsgrunnlaget som er nødvendig for at byplan­legging skal kunne spille en meningsfull rolle. Kritisk realisme anser tverrfaglig integrasjon som nødvendig, mens konkurrerende posisjoner som f. eks. positivisme og poststrukturalisme neglisjerer og ekskluderer viktige deler av virkeligheten. Kritisk realisme anerkjenner både aktørers og strukturers selvstendige kausale påvirkningskrefter og gir dermed en god platt­form for å undersøke årsakssammenhenger mellom samfunnsforhold, romlige by­strukturer og aktørers (herunder planleggernes) handlinger. Kritisk realismes syn på hva slags forsknings­baserte forutsigelser som er mulige, passer med byplanleggingens kvalitative konsekvens­vurderinger av løsningsalternativer og forsiktige, konteksttilpassete anslag om effekters størrelses­orden.
Gode Valg – om læreres utvelgelseskompetanse i Kunst og håndverk
Authors: Gulliksen Marte Sørebø
Published: September 2014

Artikkelen belyser og diskuterer læreres fagdidaktiske utvelgelseskompetanse i formgiving, kunst og håndverk. Det introduseres en antakelse om at det er mulig og nyttig å anlegge et valgperspektiv på didaktiske handlinger. Det pekes innledningsvis på en del utfordringer med lærerkunnskap, innhold, arbeidsformer og vurdering i faget, knyttet til de krav utfordringene stiller til lærerens utvelgelseskompetanse. Vygotskijs teorier omkring lånte erfaringer og bedømmelses­teorien til Kahneman & Tversky og Kahneman & Fredricks presenteres som et utvalgt teoretisk perspektiv. Det pekes på eksempler fra empiriske studier som har studert faglærerutdanningen i formgiving, kunst og håndverk. Fra disse presenteres og diskuteres situasjoner der valgproblematikk er avgjørende for studentenes læring og mestring av kommende yrkesutøvelse. Valgperspektivet viser seg å kunne gi en mulighet til å se nye potensielle strukturer i den komplekse situasjonen lærerutdanningen i formgiving, kunst og håndverk er: Perspektivet kunne belyse hvordan uklarhet omkring valgmuligheter førte til begrensning. Dessuten kunne det bidra til å problematisere sider av faglærerutdanningens spesialitet: Utfordringen det er å kombinere egen utøving i skapende arbeid og didaktisk utøving- og undervisningskompetanse. Det blir konkludert med at mer forskning er nødvendig, og det blir pekt på at et pågående forskningsprosjekt forhåpentligvis vil kunne bidra til dette, både ved å dokumentere den enkeltes erfaring og ved å studere kritisk om eksemplene i denne artikkelen kan sies å være aktuelle i flere situasjoner. Denne kunnskapen vil kunne styrke det forskningsbaserte grunnlaget for å utdanne lærere med nok utvelgelses­kompetanse til å gjøre gode valg.
Towards a New Virtualist Design Research Programme
Authors: Wang David
Published: September 2014

This paper considers how the influence of computer-cyber networks informs a new way of seeing on the part of designers as well as design researchers.  In an adaptation of the notion of “virtual realities” made possible by computer technology, this new way of seeing is termed the New Virtualism.  The INTRODUCTION suggests that this computer-cyber way of seeing is only the third paradigm shift in Western architectural history, following design predicated on the paradigm of the human body (1) and the machine (2).  These three paradigms, following Tzonis and Lefaivre, are termed epiphores.  After the introduction, PART I outlines implications of New Virtualist ways of seeing as expressed design trends, in terms of style. This is followed by PART II, in which is addressed seven ways New Virtualism can impact design research.  The paper suggests that, while cyber technology vis-à-vis design might encourage some excesses of expression, cyber technology vis-à-vis design research actually helps to return design inquiry to constructs previous to the positivism inherited from the Enlightenment outlook.  In other words, a New Virtualist design research programme can accommodate the qualitative aspects of design research more comfortably than the science-based positivism derived from the machine epiphore.  This in turn promises new qualitative horizons for design research.
Bokanmeldelse: Den kvinnelige industriskole sett innenfra
Authors: Rasch Tone
Published: September 2014

Boka 'Fra skyggetanter til yrkeskvinner', skrevet av førstelektor Kirsten Røvig Håberg, kom ut i 2012. Den handler om Den kvinnelige industriskole, forløperen til Institutt for estetiske fag ved Høgskolen i Oslo og Akershus, i perioden 1875 til 1950. Her fikk kvinner utdannelse i håndarbeid og tekstilfag, og de typiske kvinnelige fagene gjorde det mulig for kvinner å gå ut i et ellers mannsdominert yrkesliv. I tillegg til å fortelle historier om elever og ansatte ved skolen, gir også boka en mer generell kulturhistorisk fremstilling fra denne perioden med vekt på mote og tekstilhistorie. Bokanmeldelsen tar for seg forbindelsene mellom tekstilfag og kvinnehistorie i tillegg til å reflektere rundt betydningen av bokas grafiske form.
Tilpasset opplæring i ulik skolearkitektur
Authors: Vinje Erlend
Published: September 2014

I denne artikkelen har jeg undersøkt ulike læreres opplevelser av, forestillinger om og preferanser til to ulike former for skolearkitektur. Artikkelen er basert på observasjon av, og intervjuer med, syv lærere. Tre av disse jobber ved en baseskole, mens de resterende jobber ved en tradisjonell klasseromskole. Da lærerne satte ord på i hvilken grad de mente skolearkitekturen ved deres skole ga et godt utgangspunkt for å drive undervisning i samsvar med eget pedagogiske grunnsyn, pekte de samlet sett tre sentrale områder. Alle disse områdene kan sees i lys av begrepet tilpasset opplæring. Det første området handlet om hvilken form for differensiering som ble vektlagt på skolen, og hvordan de fysiske rammene samsvarte med den aktuelle differensierings- og organiseringsformen. Her var lærerne ved begge skolene godt fornøyde. Et andre fokusområde var reell arealtilgang som utgangspunkt for variert undervisning. Her var lærerne ved den tradisjonelle klasseromskolen godt fornøyde, mens lærerne ved baseskolen i langt større grad mente grupperommene var for små, og at disse til dels opplevdes som begrensende i forhold til lærerrollen og ønske om variert undervisning. Det siste fokusområdet lærerne pekte på var hvordan de fysiske rammene la til rette for en ønsket balanse mellom tette samarbeidsrelasjoner og autonomi i planleggings- og undervisningssituasjoner. Innenfor dette området var lærerne ved begge skoler stort sett godt fornøyd, men de hadde ulike preferanser for hvor tyngdepunktet i denne balansen skulle ligge.
FORMakademisk - 5 års jubileum
Authors: Diverse Div.
Published: September 2014

Her kan du se alle artiklene samlet i ett dokument. For utskrift o.l.
Towards Posthumanist Design: With Water
Authors: Meaney Lisa
Published: September 2014

The article presents an investigation into the performative as developed by Hensel (2010) and the posthumanist as developed by Haraway (1988) within a broadly architectural context. By assuming the agency and continuous becoming of the material world, the culturally located and anthropocentric notion of the designer is called into question. The practice of posthumanist and performative design collaboration across the human-nonhuman spheres is presented as analternative. The development of a collaborative process between water as matter, and the maker/designer is the focus. A practice based investigation of theoretical ideas around agency, irony, relational dialectics and situated andembodied knowledge as developed by Barad (2003), Haraway (1988) and Linton (2010) is documented through a series of collaborative experiments with water.The article concludes that the enactment of our human-nonhuman, material-semiotic relationships precludes our knowledge. It posits the process based practice of designing from a performative and posthumanist site of irony, embodiment and continuous socio-natural becoming as an effective environmental strategy for design.
A systems theory perspective on the relationship between practice and research in the making disciplines
Authors: Riis Kirstine
Published: September 2014

This article discusses the relationship between practice and research in the making disciplines. The discussion is based on a systems theory with reference to the German sociologist Niklas Luhmann (2007) and the way Rasmussen, Kruse and Holm (2007) use Luhmann´s theory. This article constructs and emphasizes the fundamental difference between the practice system and the scientific system. Furthermore, it highlights the distinctions between practice as the development of knowledge and research as the generation of knowledge. In addition to these boundaries, the following four different forms of knowledge are classified and described:1) practical knowledge and 2) professional knowledge, which are both associated with the practice system, and 3) research knowledge and 4) philosophy of science knowledge, which are associated with the scientific system. While emphasizing a fundamental difference between the practice system and the scientific system, this article assumes that art and design research should deal with aspects from both systems. The systems theory term ‘structural coupling’ offers a way to enable the two systems to influence each other while maintaining their own boundaries. Insider research is a structural coupling between the practice system and the scientific system. By exploring art and design processes from within as both the practitioner and the researcher, it is possible to generate knowledge both about and for practice. This article considers art and design research as a subsystem of the scientific system and argues that this approach may strengthen the further development of art and design research.
Designdialoger
Authors: Reitan Janne Beate , Nielsen Liv Merete
Published: September 2014

Dette nummeret av FORMakademisk tar utgangspunkt i en workshop på Høgskolen i Oslo i november 2008 som ble arrangert av forskernettverket DesignDialog. Forsker­nettverket samler forskende praktikere innen design, arkitektur, kunst og designdidaktikk. Da dette nettverket ble startet på begynnelsen av 2000-tallet var det blant annet med visjoner om å fremme forskning som kunne bidra til å tette gapet mellom intensjoner om en god dialog om design på ulike områder i samfunnet og den operasjonaliserte praksis. Nettverket har ulike inn­fallsvinkler til designdialoger: innen bedrifter og miljø, innen utdanning og offentlige dialoger om design.
Mellan profession och akademi. Reflektioner kring arkitekturforskningens egenart
Authors: Gromark Sten
Published: September 2014

SammanfattningArtikeln vill belysa frågan om arkitekturforskningens egenart som forskningsdisciplin med hänsyn till dess kritiska betydelse för arkitektyrkets professionella och akademiska framtid. Frågan sträcker sig långt utanför den arkitektoniska eller konstnärliga världens begränsningar och uppfordrar till att inom hela forskningssamhället pröva radikalt nya begrepp om vetenskaplighet och kanske i synnerhet pröva gränserna för var skillnaden går mellan strikt vetenskaplig sanning i en absolut mening och vad som är en professionsrelevant kunskap. Kan det vara så att den nya profil för forskning i och om arkitektur som ser ut att växa fram håller på att bryta ny mark och öppna nya forskningsfronter ur metodologisk synvinkel inom ett vidare vetenskapssamhälle? Kan vi göra en skillnad mellan forskning om arkitektur och den utforskande handling som ryms i den gestaltande akten som sådan, i en utforskande arkitektur? Framställningen bygger på ett underlag av ett antal aktuella avhandlingar i det nordiska och europeiska sammanhanget där författaren varit indragen i olika roller som medlem av jury, som opponent eller handledare.
Knowledge in the Making. On Production and Communication of Knowledge in the Material Practices of Architecture
Authors: Nilsson Fredrik
Published: September 2014

This article discusses some conceptualframeworks and notions used in, or with the potential to further develop,theories and understandings regarding the specific processes and forms ofknowledge in creative practices of architecture, design and art. Morearticulate conceptual frameworks are not only of importance for strengtheningdisciplines and practices, but can also make valid contributions in widersocietal contexts in relation to contemporary challenges in built environments.With the point of departure in the notions “material practice” by Stan Allenand “making disciplines” by Halina Dunin-Woyseth, theoretical frameworks andapproaches by, for example, Andrew Pickering, Nigel Cross, Albena Yaneva, andGilles Deleuze & Felix Guattari are discussed. The contemporary world hasbrought challenging societal developments and complex transformations of builtenvironments, but new tools have also enabled other forms of design experiments,including non-verbal languages and various model worlds. The article arguesthat we must constantly study the contemporary situation, but also reflect uponour means of designing and production, as well as our forms of working andcollaboration. New relationships between theory and practice, between researchand practical designing, between academia, architectural practice and differentactors in society, must be articulated and established through consciousstrategies.
Hva kan man oppnå gjennom universell utforming? En undersøkelse av ulike sider ved begrepet
Authors: Lid Inger Marie
Published: September 2014

Strategien universell utforming står for noe nytt, fordi vekten legges på inkludering og likestilling. Fra å tilrettelegge for funksjonshemmede, skal planleggingen ta utgangspunkt i variasjoner i funksjonsevne og et stort menneskelig mangfold. Målet er å hindre diskriminering på grunn av nedsatt funksjonsevne. Begrepet universell utforming drøftes med utgangspunkt i offentlige dokumenter og ny norsk lovgivning, som lovfester nedbygging av funksjonshemmende barrierer. Funksjonshemming forstås i dag som en relasjon mellom individ og omgivelser. Universell utforming kan bidra til å skape inkluderende omgivelser med god tilgjengelighet, og dermed legge til rette for samfunnsdeltakelse. Artikkelen peker på behov for en innholdsbestemmelse som muliggjør evaluering av konkrete løsninger. Det er også nødvendig med mer teoretisk arbeid, og en kritisk tilnærming til hva det er mulig å opp­nå gjennom universell utforming.
Universell utforming i arkitektpraksis – belyst gjennom to offentlige bygg
Authors: Hølmebakk Inger-Marie
Published: September 2014

Med utgangspunkt i samtaler om prosjektering av kulturbygg søker denne artikkelen å belyse noen av de utfordringer som arkitekter står overfor ved strengere krav til universell utforming. Samtalene synliggjorde at tilgjengelighet har vært en kjent ramme­betingelse i prosjektering siden langt tilbake, men at kravet ikke har stått sentralt i rekken av mange krav. Bevissthet knyttet til areal og bevegelighet i forhold til rullestolbruk, synes langt større enn de sanselige aspektene ved arkitekturen relatert til syn, hørsel og orientering. Hvordan håndterer arkitekter kravet til universell utforming? Hva er arkitektenes utfordringer i møte med kravet? Universell utforming er kommet inn som del av et skjerpet lovverk innenfor antidiskrimineringslovgivning, med konsekvens for byggebransjen gjennom revisjon av plan- og bygningslov vedtatt hhv 27. juni 2008 for plandelen og 8. mai 2009 for byggesaksdelen. Hva ligger i direktivet og hvordan håndt­erer arkitekter dette?
Mesterlæremodellen – til hinder for utvikling av arkitekters kommunikasjonskompetanse?
Authors: Eikseth Barbro Grude
Published: September 2014

Denne artikkelen tar for seg hvilken innvirkning arkitektutdanningen har på arkitekters tilnærming til og kompetanse innenfor kommunikasjon. Til tross for at behovet for god kommunikasjon mellom arkitekt og omverden har økt de siste tiårene, er dette foreløpig et lite utviklet kompetanseområde innenfor arkitektfaget. Det ser tvert imot ut til at arkitektprofesjonen fortsatt blir oppfattet som lukket og innadvendt, og at det finnes et potensial til å styrke arkitekters kommunikasjonskompetanse. Artikkelen peker på noen momenter som kan ha bidratt til dette, og argumenterer bl.a. for at arkitektutdanningens form for mesterlære har stor påvirkning på arkitekters kommunikasjon, språk og refleksjon rundt arkitektur.
Tilnærminger til teknologi og design i grunnskolen. – Nysgjerrig, skapende, kritisk?
Authors: Austestad Anna , Lutnæs Eva
Published: September 2014

SammendragHva skal elevene lære i emnet Teknologi og design (T&D) i grunnskolen? Hvorfor skal elever lære T&D? I denne artikkelen undersøker vi hvilke didaktiske begrunnelser for T&D som gir seg til kjenne i undervisningsmateriell hentet fra sentrale aktører innen T&D. Det skisseres fire ulike tilnærminger i aksen mellom design og teknologi som svar på disse spørsmålene. Det argumenteres for at den teknologi- og designforståelse som ligger til grunn for under­vis­nings­praksis får konsekvenser for hvordan emneområdet begrunnes, operasjonal­iseres og hvilken kompetanse elevene sitter igjen med etter opplæringen.
Situating Creative Artifacts in Art and Design Research
Authors: Nimkulrat Nithikul
Published: September 2014

This article aims to discuss the position of art and design artifacts, and their creation, in a practice-led research process.  Two creative productions and exhibitions featuring my textile artifacts were intentionally carried out in order to tackle a specific research problem, and these will be examined here as case studies.  These cases cover the production and exhibition of two sets of artworks, named Seeing Paper and Paper World, that were created as part of my completed doctoral research entitled Paperness: Expressive Material inTextile Art from an Artist’s Viewpoint. The study examined the relationship between a physical material and artistic expression in textile art and design.  Both cases exemplify the roles of creative productions and artifacts situated in the process of inquiry.  Throughout a practice-led research process, art and design artifacts can serve as inputs into knowledge production and as outputs for knowledge communication.  As inputs, both art productions and artifacts can be the starting point of a research project from which the research question is formulated.  They can also provide data for analysis from which knowledge is constructed.  Asoutputs, artifacts can indicate whether the research problem requires reformulation, demonstrate the experiential knowledge of the creative process, and strengthen the findings articulated in the written output.  Creative practice in a research context can contribute to generating or enhancing the knowledge which is embedded in the practice and embodied by the practitioner.  This knowledge or insight can be obtained from the artist creating the artifact, the artifact created, the process of making it, and the culture in which it is produced and viewed or used, all taking place at different stages of a research process.
Intermingled Bodies. Distributed Agency in an Expanded Appreciation of Making
Authors: Rosenberg Terence E.
Published: September 2014

This article offers an expanded view of making and, concomitantly, an understanding that through making we constitute the way we are in the world. The article begins with the idea that making produces a 'surrogate' of the body, which extends the body into the world, reforming the body and the world and their relationship. The ideas the article offers run counter to certain currents of thought that reduce making to a narrow cast anthropocentric crafting. Instead of this reduction, where making is merely understood and fixated as a close inembodied handicraft, the article advances: first, that all that we produce is making – not just that which is crafted by the immediacy of a hand; and, second, and linked to this expanded view of making, that all making workst hrough a distributed agency that includes human and non-human actors and actants in meshworks that extend across space – synchronous - and across time –diachronous. In other words, the body is extended into the world through what is made and this made world acts ineluctably on, and in, making. The paper references the practices of three makers to make the case for the need, bothethical and poetic, to think about making as an expanded term and to consideran intentionality of making that works through distributed agency doubly constituted as material and narrative.
The Premises of the Event. Are architectural competitions incubators for events?
Authors: Lenne Loïse
Published: September 2014

Around 1980, two important competitions were launched on both sides of the Channel. One led to the Grande Arche in La Défense (Johann Otto von Spreckelsen, 1982–1989) and the other to the Lloyd’s building of London (Richard Rogers Partnership, 1977–1986). Recalling the history of these two projects, we will try, in this article, to show how the programmes, their formulation, the methods used and, above all, the culture of the various actors influenced both the decisions and the built results. At the end of the paper, we propose to see these buildings as events. Based on the analysis of these competitions, we will show that these buildings can then be considered as belonging to two different categories – historical and spatial event – that we will define.