bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Executive Function performance in patients with obesity: A systematic review
Authors: Landinez Daniel Alfredo , Robledo Giraldo Sebastian , Montoya Londoño Diana Marcela
Published: March 2020

Executive dysfunction is associated with the inability to control aberrant behaviors, such as chronic overeating (Moore, Sabino, Koob, & Cottone, 2017). Obese individuals often report great difficulties controlling eating behaviors, despite a desire to successfully lose weight (Dohle, Diel, & Hofmann, 2018). However, current literature lacks a systematic review about the relationship between executive dysfunction and Obesity. The aim of this study is to present the most important findings about this matter. First, a bibliometric analysis shows the evolution of the topic. Then, the Tree of Science tool is used to show a chronological review that provides a general description of the roots and current perspectives of the state of literature. Finally, clustering analysis of the co-citation network was employed to identify the different perspectives of the topic. The main findings suggest four approaches: (1) effects of body mass index on executive functioning, (2) executive functioning in children with overweight and obesity, (3) physical activity for adult obesity and (4) structural and functional brain changes in obesity. Preliminary data state that in obesity, poor food choices may be associated with frontal cognitive impairments that contribute to reduced orbito-frontal cortex volume.
The determinants of capital structure in coal mining industry on the Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Sutomo Sutomo , Wahyudi Sugeng , Rini Demi Pangestuti Irene , Muharam Harjum
Published: March 2020

This study aims to examine the effect of several variables such as profitability, firm size, asset structure, and commodity price (coal) on the capital structure with the debt to equity ratio (DER) as a proxy in the coal mining companies listed on the Indonesian capital market (i.e., the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The different results of previous studies related to the effect of some independent variables such as the firm size, profitability, asset structure, and dividend policy, such as dividend payout ratio to the DER, yield the research gaps that require further research. Data in this research were taken from the official public listed company’s annual reports on the IDX website. By employing the multiple regression techniques, this study found that only profitability and asset structure significantly affect the capital structure (proxied by DER). The effect of profitability was negative, while the effect of asset structure was positive. Based on these results, the managers may start considering re-balancing the use of external funds if the profitability level increases. Further, they also need to maintain the company’s asset structure and balance its’ fixed assets so that the capital structure is well maintained. In general, the findings supported the pecking order theory.
Precipitation phase uncertainty in cold region conceptual models resulting from meteorological forcing time-step intervals
Authors: Feiccabrino James M.
Published: March 2020

Precipitation phase determination is a known source of uncertainty in surface-based hydrological, ecological, safety, and climate models. This is primarily due to the surface precipitation phase being a result of cloud and atmospheric properties not measured at surface meteorological or hydrological stations. Adding to the uncertainty, many conceptual hydrological models use a 24-h average air temperature to determine the precipitation phase. However, meteorological changes to atmospheric properties that control the precipitation phase often substantially change at sub-daily timescales. Model uncertainty (precipitation phase error) using air temperature (AT), dew-point temperature (DP), and wet-bulb temperature (WB) thresholds were compared using averaged and time of observation readings at 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-h periods. Precipitation phase uncertainty grew 35–65% from the use of 1–24 h data. Within a sub-dataset of observations occurring between AT −6 and 6 °C representing 57% of annual precipitation, misclassified precipitation was 7.9% 1 h and 11.8% 24 h. Of note, there was also little difference between 1 and 3 h uncertainty, typical time steps for surface meteorological observations.
Experimental study of a novel solar multi-effect distillation unit using alternate storage tanks
Authors: Alsehli M. , Saleh B. , Elfasakhany A. , Aly Ayman A. , Bassuoni M. M.
Published: March 2020

In recent years, the use of solar energy has been growing exponentially and applied in a wider range of applications; one of the important applications for using solar energy is water desalination. The current work investigates the proof of concept experimental setup for a novel solar multi-effect distillation (MED) using alternate storage tanks. The experimental setup consists of a MED unit, two thermal storage tanks, and a solar collector. One storage tank is used as a charging tank while the other tank is used as a discharging tank. This unique dual-tank system stores the thermal energy to be used later in the MED unit, which improves the control of the water mass flow rate and water temperature throughout the MED process. The peak temperature achieved every day in the charging tank determines the MED production capacity. This system is designed for the tanks to alternate roles every 24 hours. The testing of this design was carried out during May 2019 in Saudi Arabia. The experimental results prove the novel concept design to work efficiently providing an average production rate of about 21 kg/day with total solar collector area of 2.7 m2 and average daily performance ratio of 2.5.
The Salaries of Service Tatars in the 18th Century
Authors: Tychinskikh Zaytuna A.
Published: March 2020

State support was an important factor in the relations between the authorities and the serving population, including such a special category as the serving Tatars. This article discusses how the system of service Tatars came into life in the 18th century. Due to the poor knowledge of the subject, the question of salaries is one of the key elements in identifying the place and role of service Tatars in the system of military corporations in Siberia.
The study has revealed that the changes in the salary system that took place during the 17th-18th centuries served as an indicator of the degree of incorporation of service Tatars into the structure of the military organization of the Russian state. Despite the general trend of the 18th century to the unification of the state support of irregular troops, the service Tatars retained their own hierarchy in the distribution of wages for a long time. The reason is to be found in the peculiarities of the management system and corporate isolation, determined by the confessional affiliation of the service Tatars. Another peculiarity was that the serving Tatars, unlike other categories of serving people, practically did not receive any bread allowance — it was replaced by “arable land”.
In 1725 and 1737, staff schedules were introduced, which influenced both further unification of employees of various categories and the gradual equation in system of the allowance.
Institute of Inspection Control over Parochial Schools (the Case of the Tobolsk Disctrict)
Authors: Neupokoev Igor V.
Published: March 2020

This article studies the inspection supervision implemented in parochial schools (established during Alexander III’s reign on the basis of the “Rules” of 1884) in the Tobolsk District. This study relies on the normative base of such primary schools and the previously unpublished sources from the archives of Kurgan and Tobolsk. Due to the constant increase in interest in the history of regional education, and with the search for successful historical experience in the field of effective control over the educational sphere, this topic seems relevant. Being interdisciplinary, it attracts the attention of both the history of Russia and the history of pedagogy. This problem was rarely studied separately as an independent topic of study. In academic discourse, it was analyzed only as one of the components of the educational process or as part of the general history of the church school. This article aims to fill in this lacuna.
The author describes the stages in the development of supervisory institutions, from deans to observers. He also explains the reasons for refusing the services of the deans and introducing the Institute of observers, describes the typology of the Institute of Inspectorate (Imperial, diocesan, and county), their status and pay, Imperial and diocesan legal foundation. Special attention is paid to the specifics of the observers’ performance of their functional duties, which included audit trips to schools.
The inspection trips resulted in reports containing comments and recommendations for further improvement of the educational process in church schools.
Archival Documents of v. F. Odoevsky as a Key to Understanding of the Novel “Russian Nights”
Authors: Kachkov Ilya A. , Prashсheruk Natalya V.
Published: March 2020

This article examines the archival documents — letters, drafts, and treaties of V. F. Odoevsky — related to his novel “Russian Nights” and dated around its publication. Odoevsky had not only preceded the writing of his novel in separate articles, but also in his numerous works, providing an insight to the content and form of his work. The reconstruction of these explanations goes together with the understanding and recognition of “Russian Nights” as a phenomenon in the unity of its problems, values, and artistic aspects. This study aims to analyze archival materials that could serve as the basis for such a reconstruction. The comprehension of a number of key concepts from the novel “Russian Nights” was made possible thanks to the connections and assessments revealed in Odoevsky’s manuscripts. They centered around the influence of German philosophy on the mood of society during that era, as well as the interaction of science, art, faith, and love. In his drafts, Odoevsky revealed in detail the nature of the social issues and relations between Russia and the West. He searched for an exact definition of skepticism and independently analyzed the image of Faust. This article shows how the collection of these archival documents complement each other, forming a single system. With this approach, the novel “Russian Nights” becomes just one of the elements of this system, leading to the general conclusion that without compiling and studying the rest of these elements, the pursuit for understanding the philosophical and artistic ideology of Odoevsky turns practically impossible.
Eradicating the Roots: Advanced Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Breast Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: He Lili , Yu Anran , Deng Li , Zhang Hongwei
Published: March 2020

Accumulating evidences have demonstrated that the existence of breast cancer-initiating cells, which
drives the original tumorigenicity, local invasion and migration propensity of breast cancer. These cells, termed as
breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), possess properties including self-renewal, multidirectional differentiation and
proliferative potential, and are believed to play important roles in the intrinsic drug resistance of breast cancer.
One of the reasons why BCBCs cause difficulties in breast cancer treating is that BCBCs can control both genetic
and non-genetic elements to keep their niches safe and sound, which allows BCSCs for constant self-renewal and
differentiation. Therapeutic strategies designed to target BCSCs may ultimately result in effective interventions
for the treatment of breast cancer. Novel strategies including nanomedicine, oncolytic virus therapy, immunotherapy
and induced differentiation therapy are emerging and proved to be efficient in anti-BCSCs therapy. In this
review, we summarized breast tumor biology and the current challenges of breast cancer therapies, focused on
breast cancer stem cells, and introduced promising therapeutic strategies targeting BCSCs.
MVSC: A Multi-variation Simulator of Cancer Genome
Authors: Li Ning , Yang Jialiang , Zhu Wen , Liang Ying
Published: March 2020

Background:

Many forms of variations exist in the genome, which are the main causes
of individual phenotypic differences. The detection of variants, especially those located in the
tumor genome, still faces many challenges due to the complexity of the genome structure. Thus,
the performance assessment of variation detection tools using next-generation sequencing
platforms is urgently needed.

Method:

We have created a software package called the Multi-Variation Simulator of Cancer
genomes (MVSC) to simulate common genomic variants, including single nucleotide
polymorphisms, small insertion and deletion polymorphisms, and structural variations (SVs), which
are analogous to human somatically acquired variations. Three sets of variations embedded in
genomic sequences in different periods were dynamically and sequentially simulated one by one.

Results:

In cancer genome simulation, complex SVs are important because this type of variation is
characteristic of the tumor genome structure. Overlapping variations of different sizes can also
coexist in the same genome regions, adding to the complexity of cancer genome architecture. Our
results show that MVSC can efficiently simulate a variety of genomic variants that cannot be
simulated by existing software packages.

Conclusion:

The MVSC-simulated variants can be used to assess the performance of existing tools
designed to detect SVs in next-generation sequencing data, and we also find that MVSC is memory
and time-efficient compared with similar software packages.
Production of Recombinant HIV-1 p24-Nef Protein in Two Forms as Potential Candidate Vaccines in Three Vehicles
Authors: Larijani Mona Sadat , Pouriayevali Mohammad Hassan , Sadat Seyed Mehdi , Ramezani Amitis
Published: March 2020

Background:

Different approaches have been investigated to develop a preventive or therapeutic
vaccine, although none of them has been fully practical. Therapeutic vaccines against HIV-1
have been studied with the aim of eliminating the virus from reservoir cells with or without HAART
(Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy). Fusion proteins with the most immunogenic features among
conserved regions can facilitate this achievement in such a variable virus. To achieve the most immunogenic
and also conserved regions, bioinformatics tools are widely used to predict antigens’ features
before applying them.

Objective:

This study aimed at the in vitro evaluation of p24 -Nef fusion protein based on the previous
in silico design to achieve a potential therapeutic subunit vaccine against HIV-1.

Methods:

The truncated form of p24-Nef using AAY flexible linker and the full protein were expressed
and evaluated in the prokaryotic system and confirmed by western blotting. We also used
pcDNA3.1 to transfect Lenti-X 293T cells. Moreover, lentiviral vectors were applied to produce recombinant
virions harboring the genes of interest and cell transduction.

Results:

Both fusion proteins in a truncated and a full form were expressed and confirmed by Anti Nef
polyclonal antibody in western blotting. Recombinant virions were generated and transduced Lenti-X
293T cells confirming by immunofluorescence microscope and p24 ELISA assay kit. Transduced cells
were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and western blotting, which resulted in approved protein expression.

Conclusion:

Fusion protein of p24 and Nef is well expressed in eukaryotic cell lines according to its
pre-evaluated features by bioinformatics tools.
LncRNA MALAT1 Enhances ox-LDL-Induced Autophagy through the SIRT1/MAPK/NF-κB Pathway in Macrophages
Authors: Yang Jiaqi , Lin Xuze , Wang Liangshan , Sun Tienan , Zhao Qi , Ma Qian , Zhou Yujie
Published: March 2020

Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In
advanced atherosclerotic plaque, macrophage apoptosis coupled with inflammatory cytokine secretion
promotes the formation of necrotic cores. It has also been demonstrated that the long-noncoding Ribonucleic
Acid (lnc RNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), with its
potent function on gene transcription modulation, maintains oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-
induced macrophage autophagy (i.e., helps with cholesterol efflux). It also showed that MALAT1 activated
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), which subsequently inhibited the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathways. ox-LDL has been used to incubate human
myeloid leukemia mononuclear cells (THP-1)-derived macrophages to establish an in vitro foam cell
model. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses confirmed
the increased expression level of MALAT1 and the autophagy-related protein Microtubuleassociated
protein light chain 3 (LC-3), beclin-1. The small interfering RNA study showed a significant
decrease in autophagy activity and an increase in apoptotic rate when knocking down MALAT1. Further
study demonstrated that MALAT1 inhibited the expression of MAPK and NF-κB (p65) by upregulating
SIRT1.
Rapid Determining Contents of the Rhubarb Anthraquinones Compounds by Support Vector Machine Modeling based on Near Infrared Spectra
Authors: Liu Linqi , Luo JInhua , Zhao Chenxi , Zhang Bingxue , Fan Wei , Du Fuyou
Published: March 2020

Background:

Measuring medicinal compounds to evaluate their quality and efficacy has
been recognized as a useful approach in treatment. Rhubarb anthraquinones compounds (mainly including
aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion) are the main effective components
in purgating drug. In the current Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the total anthraquinones content is designated
as its quantitative quality and control index, while the content of each compound has not been
specified.

Methods:

On the basis of forty rhubarb samples, the correlation models between the near infrared
spectra and UPLC analysis data were constructed using support vector machine (SVM) and partial
least square (PLS) methods, according to the Kennard and Stone algorithm for dividing the calibration/
prediction datasets. Good models mean they have high correlation coefficients (R2) and low root
mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) values.

Results:

The models constructed by SVM have much better performance than those by PLS methods.
The SVM models have high R2 of 0.8951, 0.9738, 0.9849, 0.9779, 0.9411, and 0.9862 that correspond
to aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, physcion and total anthraquinones contents,
respectively. The corresponding RMSEPs are 0.3592, 0.4182, 0.4508, 0.7121, 0.8365, and 1.7910,
respectively. 75% of the predicted results have relative differences being lower than 10%. As for
rhein and total anthraquinones, all of the predicted results have relative differences being lower than
10%.

Conclusion:

The non-linear models constructed by SVM showed good performances with predicted
values close to the experimental values. This can perform the rapid determination of the main medicinal
ingredients in rhubarb medicinal materials.
Copanlisib: Novel PI3K Inhibitor for the Treatment of Lymphoma
Authors: Kumar Anshul , Bhatia Rohit , Chawla Pooja , Anghore Durgadas , Saini Vipin , Rawal Ravindra K.
Published: March 2020

Lymphoma refers to a specialized category of blood cancers, which is characterized by lymph node enlargement, reduced body weight, prolonged tiredness, and fever associated with sweats. Traditional treatment strategies involve chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and surgery. Copanlisib has emerged as a very potent drug which acts through inhibiting PI3K enzyme. The FDA has approved it for specific treatment of follicular Lymphoma in September 2017. Copanlisib induces tumor cell death along with the prevention of proliferation of dominant malignant β-cells. Copanlisib has a large volume of distribution i.e., 871L (%CV 47.4), plasma protein binding up to 15.8%, plasma half-life(t1/2) of 39.1h and the mean systemic plasma clearance 18.9 L/h (%CV 51.2). In the present review, various aspects related to Copanlisib have been summarized, which include pathophysiology, synthetic strategy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical studies. A special emphasis is paid on various reported adverse effects and in silico/in vivo studies conducted on Copanlisib.
A villamosenergia-piac egységesítésének esélyei az Európai Unióban
Authors: Sztanko Eva
Published: March 2020

Az európai belső villamosenergia-piac még nem egységes, de egyes részterületeken már megindult e felé az elmúlt két évtizedben. Egyaránt javult a fogyasztók energiapiaci pozíciója, az európai villamosenergia-piacok likviditása, és felélénkült a határokon átnyúló kereskedelem is. A fokozódó verseny visszafogta az árakat a nagykereskedelmi piacokon. Ugyanakkor a kiskereskedelmi árak és a költségek növekedtek, mind a háztartások, mind az ipar esetében, a fogyasztás visszaeső vagy stagnáló szintje ellenére. Az EU-nak folytatnia kell a villamosenergiapiac átalakítását, szükség van a rugalmas energiarendszerek, versenypiacok kialakítására, a piaci jelzésekre reagáló fogyasztókra és költséghatékony állami/piaci eszközökre az áringadozások kezeléséhez, a beruházások finanszírozásához és a költségnövekedés minimalizálásához. Az Európai Bizottság legújabb átfogó javaslatcsomagja új villamosenergia-piaci modellt kíván megteremteni, kérdés azonban, milyen fogadtatásra talál majd a tagállamok részéről.

Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: Q48
A méltányos kereskedelem hazai kutatási előzményei és magyarországi helyzete
Authors: Toth Eszter
Published: March 2020

A fair trade egy olyan civil kezdeményezés, amelynek célja, hogy méltányos kereskedelmi feltételeket teremtsen a Harmadik Világ szegény termelői számára,ezáltal esélyt nyújtva számukra egy fenntartható fejlődési modellre kialakítására. A rendhagyó kereskedelmi partnerség a déli országok termelői és az északi félteke vásárlói között a hagyományos nemzetközi kereskedelem szabályait igyekszik megváltoztatni, és egy újszerű alternatívát ajánl helyette. A termékminősítéssel és nemzetközi intézményrendszerrel rendelkező méltányos kereskedelem célja az eddigi domináns gazdasági modell játékszabályainak megváltoztatása, ebben legfőbb eszköze a tudatos és felelősségvállalásra kész fogyasztói réteg elkötelezése. Az irodalomáttekintő cikk a mozgalom eddigi magyarországi eredményeit és a témában végzett kutatásokat igyekszik bemutatni.

Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kódok: F13, F18, J81, P45
Fájdalmas szakítás – az Egyesült Királyság és az Európai Unió közötti kilépési tárgyalások és lehetséges következményeik
Authors: Tokes Tibor , Erdey Laszlo
Published: March 2020

Az Egyesült Királyságban 2017. június 23-án megtörtént az, amire az Európai Unió hatvan éves történetében tagállamok szintjén még nem volt példa. Egy országállampolgárai népszavazáson úgy döntöttek, el kívánják hagyni az integrációt. Természetesen az EU-ból való kilépésre az első precedenst 1985. február 1-éna Dániához tartozó Grönland kilépése szolgáltatta, ám az Egyesült Királyság lesz az első tagállam, amely elhagyja az integrációt.
Digitally Enhanced Mentoring for Immigrant Youth Social Capital: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Pilot Study and a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Radlick Rebecca Lynn , Svedberg Petra , Nygren Jens M , Przedpelska Sarah , Gammon Deede
Published: March 2020

Background

There are large disparities between immigrants and native Norwegians in domains such as health, education, and employment. Reducing such disparities is essential for individual and societal well-being. Social capital is associated with positive effects on these domains, and mentoring programs have the potential to boost social capital. However, few studies have assessed mentoring as a social capital intervention among youth or the potential barriers and facilitators of implementing digitally augmented mentoring.

Objective

The goal of this paper is to describe a protocol for assessing the implementation and effectiveness of a digitally augmented mentoring program for immigrant youth as a health intervention to promote social capital. The two-stage analytical framework for a pilot study followed by a randomized controlled trial (RCT) is presented. The pilot aims to assess program fidelity and make necessary intervention adjustments before the RCT. The RCT aims to assess the effects of the implemented intervention program on social capital and the relationship between program fidelity and effects.

Methods

Both the pilot and RCT will use mixed methods with a process evaluation approach used to structure the intervention and a pre-post test survey component to measure social capital and fidelity of program implementation. Interviews will also be used to enrich the quantitative data from the survey.

Results

The pilot study is scheduled to begin in fall 2019. Based on data analyses in spring 2020, potential adjustments will be made to the intervention, with findings used in preparation for the full-scale RCT study.

Conclusions

Digitally enhanced mentoring programs may be a helpful intervention for providing immigrant youth with tools for increasing their social capital and indirectly improving health outcomes. This protocol provides new knowledge about the implementation and evaluation of such programs.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/16472
Diagnosing Parkinson Disease Through Facial Expression Recognition: Video Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Jin Bo , Qu Yue , Zhang Liang , Gao Zhan
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

The number of patients with neurological diseases is currently increasing annually, which presents tremendous challenges for both patients and doctors. With the advent of advanced information technology, digital medical care is gradually changing the medical ecology. Numerous people are exploring new ways to receive a consultation, track their diseases, and receive rehabilitation training in more convenient and efficient ways. In this paper, we explore the use of facial expression recognition via artificial intelligence to diagnose a typical neurological system disease, Parkinson disease (PD).

OBJECTIVE

This study proposes methods to diagnose PD through facial expression recognition.

METHODS

We collected videos of facial expressions of people with PD and matched controls. We used relative coordinates and positional jitter to extract facial expression features (facial expression amplitude and shaking of small facial muscle groups) from the key points returned by Face++. Algorithms from traditional machine learning and advanced deep learning were utilized to diagnose PD.

RESULTS

The experimental results showed our models can achieve outstanding facial expression recognition ability for PD diagnosis. Applying a long short-term model neural network to the positions of the key features, precision and F1 values of 86% and 75%, respectively, can be reached. Further, utilizing a support vector machine algorithm for the facial expression amplitude features and shaking of the small facial muscle groups, an F1 value of 99% can be achieved.

CONCLUSIONS

This study contributes to the digital diagnosis of PD based on facial expression recognition. The disease diagnosis model was validated through our experiment. The results can help doctors understand the real-time dynamics of the disease and even conduct remote diagnosis.
Closing the Gap Between Mammalian and Invertebrate Peripheral Nerve Injury: Protocol for a Novel Nerve Repair (Preprint)
Authors: Vest Maxwell , Guida Addison , Colombini Cory , Cordes Kristina , Pena Diana , Maki Marwa , Briones Michael , Antonio Sabrina , Hollifield Carmen , Tian Elli , James Lucas , Borashan Christian , Woodson Johnnie , Rovig John , Shihadeh Hanaa , Karabachev Alexander , Brosious John , Pistorio Ashley
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

Outcomes after peripheral nerve injuries are poor despite current nerve repair techniques. Currently, there is no conclusive evidence that mammalian axons are capable of spontaneous fusion after transection. Notably, certain invertebrate species are able to auto-fuse after transection. Although mammalian axonal auto-fusion has not been observed experimentally, no mammalian study to date has demonstrated regenerating axolemmal membranes contacting intact distal segment axolemmal membranes to determine whether mammalian peripheral nerve axons have the intrinsic mechanisms necessary to auto-fuse after transection.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess fusion competence between regenerating axons and intact distal segment axons by enhancing axon regeneration, delaying Wallerian degeneration, limiting the immune response, and preventing myelin obstruction.

METHODS

This study will use a rat sciatic nerve model to evaluate the effects of a novel peripheral nerve repair protocol on behavioral, electrophysiologic, and morphologic parameters. This protocol consists of a variety of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative interventions. Fusion will be assessed with electrophysiological conduction of action potentials across the repaired transection site. Axon-axon contact will be assessed with transmission electron microscopy. Behavioral recovery will be analyzed with the sciatic functional index. A total of 36 rats will be used for this study. The experimental group will use 24 rats and the negative control group will use 12 rats. For both the experimental and negative control groups, there will be both a behavior group and another group that will undergo electrophysiological and morphological analysis. The primary end point will be the presence or absence of action potentials across the lesion site. Secondary end points will include behavioral recovery with the sciatic functional index and morphological analysis of axon-axon contact between regenerating axons and intact distal segment axons.

RESULTS

The author is in the process of grant funding and institutional review board approval as of March 2020. The final follow-up will be completed by December 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, the efficacy of the proposed novel peripheral nerve repair protocol will be evaluated using behavioral and electrophysiologic parameters. The author believes this study will provide information regarding whether spontaneous axon fusion is possible in mammals under the proper conditions. This information could potentially be translated to clinical trials if successful to improve outcomes after peripheral nerve injury.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/18706
Which theory of Democracy?
Authors: Visone Tomasso
Published: March 2020

Democracy. Nowadays, this term is used quite freely but by going beyond its literal meaning (demos = power) we can find a lot of other possible interpretations that generate the political need to ponder over the historical meaning of the word. In the article the two main and different theories of Democracy, contemporary and ancient, shall be explained and confronted in order to fully understand what can be intended as current Democracy. The objective is also, as indicated in the title, to answer the question that set up a contrast between the two main theories (which theory of Democracy? The Ancient or the contemporary one?) showing that contemporary Democracy was influenced by the Ancient theory proving that the answer is to be found in the ever different relationship existing due to the specific historical moment in which such confrontation was made and not between to opposing and contrasting worlds.
Dreams and Dilemmas of Internally Displaced People: An Intricate Reality of a Nomadic Lifestyle
Authors: Ali Wahab , Tuimavana Ruveni
Published: March 2020

Land tenure is an important variable impacting the vulnerability of people staying on leased land the world over. Land tenure-ship security is widespread in countries where the land is owned by the state or traditional people. The problem in securing a tenured land manifests itself in a number of ways that accentuate environmental and socio-economic impacts. Mounting evidence of reduced tenure security shows that affected communities are often unable to evolve equitably and enjoy long term economic stability. In the Fijian context, many displaced Fijians have moved on and settled in the periphery of towns and cities thus changing the socio-economic equilibrium of the environment. A qualitative study using a case study research design was undertaken to establish the perceptions of a group of sugar cane farmers who had become victims of non- renewal of their land leases in 2002. Findings reveal that expiry and non-renewal of land leases leads to social, economical, cultural, political and even psychological and emotional consequences on internally displaced people. The article outlines the pain and agony of the displaced farmers and how they have made integral adjustments to cope with the challenges of resettling in new environments. Having faced the adversities of extradition and then resettling, the dilemmas of ensuing nomadic journeys present a more daunting unfolding for many - only that they have realized it as a fact of life.
The Quietist’s Gambit
Authors: Mena Ricardo
Published: March 2020

In this paper I develop a semantic theory of vagueness that is immune to worries regarding the use of precise mathematical tools. I call this view semantic quietism. This view has the advantage of being clearly compatible with the phenomenon of vagueness. The cost is that it cannot capture every robust semantic fact.
¿Qué es un contexto para las teorías cognitivas del razonamiento?
Authors: GARCÍA CAMPOS JONATAN , SARABIA LÓPEZ SAÚL
Published: March 2020

El artículo tiene como propósito analizar la noción de contexto en algunas de las teorías más importantes en la psicología cognitiva. Argumentaremos que la noción de contexto puede hacer referencia a al menos cinco ideas: la familiaridad del contenido, el formato del problema, la perspectiva del sujeto, la estructura lógica distinta y el ambiente. Indagaremos las relaciones posibles entre dichas nociones de contexto y esbozaremos respuestas a dos preguntas que pueden plantearse al análisis presentado, esto es, cuál es la razón por la que se tienen diferentes nociones de contexto en la psicología cognitiva, y cuál podría ser la consecuencia en los debates sobre razonamiento y racionalidad si se distinguen distintas nociones de contexto.
UN ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DEL USO DE DIAGRAMAS EN DOS PRÁCTICAS MATEMÁTICAS DE LA ANTIGÜEDAD
Authors: GARCÍA-PÉREZ MANUEL J. , DAL MAGRO TAMIRES
Published: March 2020

En nuestro artículo, analizaremos las diferencias y similitudes que pode- mos encontrar en el uso de diagramas entre dos prácticas matemáticas de la antigüedad. Mostraremos que no existe un solo uso posible de éstos, sino que tienen que considerarse como herramientas de razonamiento creadas y manipuladas de acuerdo con los propósitos de cada tradición. Argumentaremos que las diferencias en los procedimientos y organizaciones del conocimiento que ambas tradiciones presentan no implican ningún tipo de valoración acerca de su mayor o menor “matematicidad”, ya que ambas tradiciones llegaron a resultados matemáticos suficientemente generales y precisos, hecho que es característico de investigaciones matemáticas a un nivel teórico.
EVALUATION OF CURRENT SCENARIO OF CANCER DISEASE AT CHATTAGRAM IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Paul Emon , Islam Md. Shahidul
Published: March 2020

Objective: Now a day Cancer is the furthermost dangerous diseases. It can develop almost anywhere in the body. Cancer is a disease whose treatment process takes too long time and also too costly.
Methods: This is a survey work on cancer due to current increasing of the number of cancer patients in Bangladesh. This evaluation was conceded in Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh, from 10th November 2019 to 25th February 2020. Here, 31 cancer patients were evaluated.
Results: In this work, it is observed that most of the cancer patients were female. In this study, it was also observed the cancer was occurred highly at the age of 41-50 years (30%), then age limit 31-40 (20%).Most of the female are bearing ovary cancer (26%) and Breast cancer (29%) and also male are affected by Thyroid cancer (26%). We found that 60% of patients were being treated with chemotherapy alone. Doctors were commonly prescribed of chemo drugs Cisplatin (21%) and Folinic acid (29%).
Conclusion: Government should highlight on the expansion of specific cancer center. Such types of centers can also deliver rehabilitation as well as relaxing care for dangerous cancer patients to release their highdistress.
Peer Review History:
Received 26 February 2020;   Revised 7 March; Accepted 9 March, Available online 15 March 2020
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Received file
 
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 4.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewer(s) detail:
Name: Dr. Dalia Kamal Zaffar Ali
Affiliation: Modern University for technology and information, Egypt
E-mail: dr.moda88@gmail.com
 
Name: Dr. Mohammad Tauseef
Affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
College of Pharmacy, Chicago State University
E-mail: mtauseef@csu.edu
Comments of reviewer(s):

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