bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CFD Topology and Shape Optimization of Twin Ports in Integrated Exhaust Manifolds
Authors: Hopf Anselm
Published: March 2022

The optimization of the exhaust port shape for best mass flow is an excellent opportunity to improve fuel economy, emissions, and knock sensitivity of internal combustion engines (ICE). This is valid for many different types of combustion systems including gasoline, alcohols, alternative fuels such as compressed natural gas (CNG) or hydrogen, and e-fuels. Nowadays, so-called cylinder-head integrated exhaust manifolds (IEM) guide the exhaust gas from the combustion chamber to the turbocharger. This specific design requires lots of strong bends and turnings of the exhaust ports in very narrow space, since they need to be guided through a labyrinth of bolts, water cores, and oil passages. In fact, this challenges the avoidance of increased pressure drops, reduced mass flow rates, and deterioration of port flow efficiencies. The optimization of the individual port by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a proper means to minimize or even eliminate these drawbacks. Meanwhile, there are several powerful optimization methods for three-dimensional flows on the market. In this paper, a combined strategy of CFD topology and shape optimization is presented. This method has been applied to several Ford four-valve engine designs with either twin (Siamese) exhaust ports as well as single ports within two separate IEMs. CFD optimizations have been done for various valve lifts resulting in improved mass flow rates by up to 14 % and an improved mass flow balance between the twin exhaust ports. New flow cross-sections such as L-, F-, and T-shapes have been identified. At the end, an initial design of flow-optimized ports has been generated including body-fitted water jacket surfaces. This allows the designer to already start with an optimized exhaust port design. The new workflow is highly efficient, reduces development time, improves result quality, and may reduce the number of expensive prototypes as well as time-consuming test-rig measurements.
A Novel Method for Displaying Systems Datums Based on “Cognitive Load”
Authors: Havins William
Published: March 2022

Operator attention has been a significant focus of human factors research in recent years. This research has clarified how electronic devices and other stimuli can become distractions for vehicle operators. The research has defined a condition known as “distracted driving,” characterized by interruption of the sequence of cognitive processes essential for safe operation of a vehicle. Although “attention” has been the most often mentioned of these cognitive processes, they also include perception, memory, cognition, and planful behavior. These processes are the “cognitive demands” of safe vehicle operation. There is another issue, similar to distracted driving, that may hamper safe operation of a vehicle. That issue is the “cognitive load” of human-machine interface devices, including instrument clusters. The present paper explores the effects of cognitive load on operator response speed. It describes a novel method for displaying systems datums designed to manage cognitive load. The paper documents a pilot study where participants performed modified driving simulations, responding to a “traditional” instrument cluster and an instrument cluster based on the novel method. Average response times proved significant (1.201 seconds faster) for the novel instrument cluster (p = 4.722E-06). Two-way ANOVA identified a significant “instrument cluster” effect in participants’ responses. The results support a conclusion that the novel method manages cognitive load. The functional significance of the novel method is discussed, including an inference that it allows operators to return their eyes to the direction of travel 105 feet faster at a speed of 60 miles per hour.
Decelerations of Capsized Motorcycles - An Update
Authors: Rose Nathan , Palmer Jacob , Smith Connor , Carter Neal , Walter Kevin
Published: March 2022

Many motorcycle crashes involve the motorcycle capsizing, impacting the ground, and sliding on the road surface. When performing speed calculations, the energy or speed loss for the ground impact and sliding phases may need to be calculated. To perform these calculations, the reconstructionist will typically determine the slide distance based on the physical evidence and then apply a range of decelerations over that distance based on test data in the literature. Decelerations can be selected for motorcycles with similar characteristics (crash bars, panniers, fairings, etc.) sliding on similar surfaces (asphalt, concrete, dirt, gravel, etc.).

This approach is adequate but sometimes results in a wide range due to the variability in reported decelerations in prior studies. It could be helpful to narrow the likely range of decelerations, and thus, the speed range. Many past studies, however, describe their tests with inadequate detail to parse out precisely what factors were most influential in producing the reported decelerations. The present study reports four additional motorcycle drop and slide tests, attempting in the process to lay out a model for how future tests could be reported such that influential factors could be identified. In addition, this test series included a motorcycle with crash bars. This motorcycle was tested twice with the crash bars. Then the crash bars were removed, and the motorcycle was tested again. These tests involved the motorcycle experiencing more significant impacts with the ground than prior tests involving motorcycles with crash bars.
Modelling and Optimization for Improving the Performance of Agri-foods Supply Chain for Milk Products
Authors: Boudahri Fethi , Ahmed Abderrazzak Baba , Belkaid Fayçal , Hacene Rabab Boukli
Published: March 2022

Human consumption of agricultural food in general, and milk in particular, is the subject of clear and intense interest in recent times, which has led dairy producers to follow a strict processing requirement to ensure consumers a fresh and safer milk, imposed by the Design and Operational Authority of the agricultural chains, which imposes closer monitoring and severe rigor, especially when it has become a public health issue. This work is concerned with the planning of a real agri-food supply chain for milk product for the city of Tlemcen in Algeria. Specifically, the challenge is to redefine the existing supply chain and optimize distribution planning. The management of perishable products is a relevant issue in the ASC management domain, since the sellers cannot wait for the best favorable market conditions unless the quality and safety of their products deteriorate. These products must therefore be rapidly shipped from the sellers to the customers. In addition, consumer’s demand for healthcare products continues to grow and government regulations are tightening. In addition to these factors, the variation for these time-limited products and their prices makes it difficult to plan purchases in supply networks.
Hydroxychloroquine with or without Macrolide and Standard of Care versus Standard of Care Alone for COVID-19 Cases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shrestha Dhan Bahadur , Budhathoki Pravash , Sharma Arun , Amgain Kapil , Rawal Era , Khadka Sitaram
Published: March 2022

Background: The specific treatment has not yet been approved for the therapy of COVID-19 pandemic.  In this review, we aimed at assessing the role of hydroxychloroquine with/without macrolide in terms of efficacy and adverse effects against the standard of care (SOC).

Methods: PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched for the quantitative and qualitative synthesis of 13 studies using PRISMA guidelines. Assessment of heterogeneity was done using I-squared (I2) test and fixed/random effect analysis was done to determine the odds/risk ratio among selected studies.

Results: Our study demonstrated no significant differences in improvement for virological cure (RR 0.95, 0.67-1.34), whereas a significant relationship was there in radiological progression (RR 1.40, 1.03-1.91) between the two arms. There are 1.52 times the odds of intubation during treatment (CI 0.61-3.77), 1.08 times the risk of mortality (CI 0.65-1.79), and about 2.21 times increased risk of development of adverse effect (OR 2.21, 0.95-5.17). Among randomized controlled trials, the treatment group has 3.5 times (OR 3.48, 1.64-7.42) higher risk of developing adverse effects. There is 2.5 times the likelihood of severe arrhythmias and QT prolongation (OR 2.49, 1.67-3.70) on the treatment arm compared to control.

Conclusions: Hydroxychloroquine with/without macrolide demonstrated no beneficial effect in viral clearance and survival rates while showed significant relation in radiological improvement compared to SOC. The increased risk of intubation, overall side effects, and cardiac complications like arrhythmias and QT prolongation suggests utilizing such treatment to be judged with clinical relevance and proper monitoring.
Türkiye’de Mevduatların Krediye Dönüşümünün Büyümeye Etkileri: Tüketim Çekişli mi? Yatırım İtişli mi?
Authors: DEMİR BİNGÖL Nesibe , BİNGÖL Murat , EMSEN Ömer Selçuk
Published: March 2022

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de finansal sistem içerisinde tabana en fazla yayılmış finansal aktör olan bankacılık sektörünün temel fon kaynağı olan mevduatların tüketici ve yatırım kredilerine dönüşüm oranlarının ekonomik büyüme üzerinde oluşturduğu nihai etkinin sonuçlarının ampirik olarak incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada, Türkiye’de 2006:Ç1-2020:Ç4 dönem aralığında toplam mevduatların toplam kredilere dönüşümünde tüketici ve yatırım kredilerinin dönüşüm oranlarının ekonomik büyüme üzerinde oluşturduğu etkiler, teorik olarak Solow büyüme modeline bankacılık sektörü verileri dâhil edilerek geliştirilen iki farklı model yardımıyla incelenmektedir. Zaman serisi analizlerinden hareketle elde edilen bulgularda Türkiye ekonomisinin büyümesinde tüketici kredilerinin negatif, yatırım kredilerinin ise pozitif etkiler yarattığı belirlenmektedir. Sonuçlar, Türkiye ekonomisinde büyüme motifi olarak tüketimi önceleyen ve destekleyen kredi yaratma mekanizmasının büyüme üzerinde olumlu etkiler oluşturmadığını, aksine kısa dönemli yaratılan canlanmanın uzun dönemde negatif etkiler doğurduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışma, tasarrufların yeterli düzeyde olmadığı Türkiye’de sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyüme için tüketimi önceleyen kredilendirme formundan yatırımı önceleyen ve teşvik eden kredilendirme formuna dönüşecek mekanizmaların işletilmesi gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır.
Advanced Methods in Crash Safety Testing
Authors:   TUV SUD Czech, CZECH REPUBLIC, Jelinek Jakub , Ruzicka Milan ,   Czech Technical University in Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC
Published: March 2022

"Current automotive market has to follow legislative that has been established in order to ensure minimum car safety. Nowadays two types of physical tests exist - mandatory and consumer’s tests. Major players use both virtual and physical testing during development to meet criteria of those tests. This work is to give an overview of current methodology and subsequently propose a new advanced approach of combined virtual and physical testing. KEYWORDS Crash test, finite element method, passive safety, DYCOT, ALIS, biomechanical loads INTRODUCTION This work is to give an overview of current approaches regarding the used methodology in the field of passive safety, ie. crash tests. It is based on experience gained in the Active Lateral Impact Simulator (ALIS) project and describes complete virtual and physical process. The main focus has been set to the fine-tuning of the boundary conditions and loading of the system in order to ensure correct biomechanical loads. ALIS process Usually at the very beginning of any project, no physical prototype exists. The car exists only in virtual world; both design (CAD) and simulation (CAE) combine together to develop the latest version. Later as the development goes on, physical testing takes over and it is input-dependent on virtual simulations. The whole process is combination of several testing loops of virtual and physical testing. Design of Experiment (DoE) The main objective is to develop a virtual method that would allow reducing full side crash into sled crash via ALIS, defining complete ALIS setup and give highly accurate results, while reducing costs and time. The DoE method is advanced mathematical method that uses n-dimensional mathematical surface for response values prediction based on combination of input parameters. The aim is to get ideally perfect match between full crash model as given at the beginning of the project and ALIS reduced model. Amount of input parameters is very often high. One of the ways how to put up with them might be Design of Experiment (DoE) with response surface creation or “step-by-step” iteration with subsequent physical validation. Such method would reduce number of runs and predicts multiple results based on input parameter combinations. Such pulses have to fulfill feasibility criteria of the cylinders and catapult. In every single project there is no way that all responses will match perfectly the ideal (original) curves, responses respectively. It is always a trade-off that has to be done with the respective subject usually customer, where should be the focus of the project. CONCLUSION This application and approach is very specific, unique and never will be the same. As a result of the DoE work with the pulses, the outcome is highly likely to be very accurate and it will be the next phase of the project to validate and correlate such procedure with ALIS physical testing and subsequently with full vehicle crash."
Estimation of the Impact of Human Body Variation on Its Crash Behavior Using Machine Learning Methods
Authors:   Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt / CARISSMA, GERMANY, Franz Plaschkies Franz Plaschkies , Ondrej Vaculin Ondrej Vaculin ,   Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt, GERMANY
Published: March 2022

The capabilities of virtual development of safety systems for occupant safety are increasing with the growth of acceptance, computational power and the usability of tools. Nevertheless, nowadays car safety systems are primarily developed using single statistical representations of humans, like the 5%-ile female or the 50%-ile male body. Hence variation of anthropometry existing in the real-world is only covered to a very limited extent. Recently, several studies developed fast calculating models using methods of rigid body simulation or metamodeling. They suggested investigating rapid or even near-real-time prediction-models for variations of outer parameters, such as airbag characteristics or crash pulse. In contrast, the proposed paper aims to get insight into the impact of human body variation on its crash behavior. This behavior can then be related to a model of a specific percentile. The objective of this approach is to run one simulation with a single representation of a human body and get data for deviated models based on previous simulations. Therefore, the main advantage of this concept is the reduction of the simulation time, needed to get all results of the occupants with different sizes (body mass index, statue, the ratio of sitting height and statue). To test the feasibility of the approach, a 2D rigid body system was created as a simplified model using LS-Dyna and Python. It represents a car's occupant who is restrained by a lap and shoulder belt under the influence of a crash pulse. The joint characteristics were modeled via spring, damper and friction definitions aiming for human-like behavior. To create a database, extensive simulations were carried out by varying the dimensions of body parts, applying a Latin-Hypercube Design Of Experiments scheme. The parameter limits were taken from UMTRI's human shape database. Since the minimal model provides a very limited set of reasonable assessment channels, only kinematic responses like maximum displacement and acceleration of the head and chest were evaluated. The obtained results seem to prove expected correlations between mass and maximum acceleration as well as forward displacement. For the model's training, different combinations of features and targets are tested. For example, the results from simulations with one body measure set are used as feature-vector, while the target-vector is formed by the kinematic characteristics of diverging human representations. After normalizing the data, various regression and machine learning algorithms were applied and their performance evaluated.
Vivências de acadêmicos de enfermagem na prática de campo em comunidades ribeirinhas de Coari-Amazonas: relato de experiência
Authors: Da Silva Esmael Marinho , De Almeida Emily Gabriele Cavalier , Lopes Gabriele de Jesus Barbosa , Guimarães Ananias Facundes , De Castro Paula Christine Feitosa , Pontes Miguel Afonso da Costa , Albuquerque Firmina Hermelinda Saldanha , De Oliveira Hyana Kamila Ferreira
Published: March 2022

Objetivou-se descrever a experiência de acadêmicos de enfermagem durante a atividade prática da disciplina Saúde das Populações Amazônicas, em comunidades ribeirinhas de Coari - Amazonas. Trata-se de relato de experiência que descreve as vivências dos acadêmicos de enfermagem nas aulas práticas da disciplina Saúde das Populações Amazônicas, em mês junho de 2021, nas comunidades no município de Coari, Amazonas, Brasil. Participaram da prática de campo os acadêmicos de enfermagem, o preceptor da disciplina e a equipe de saúde da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde. Os discentes foram divididos em grupos, para o desenvolvimento das seguintes atividades: triagem, consulta de enfermagem, procedimentos técnicos, dispensação de medicamentos, vacinação em cães e gatos, vacinação contra Covid-19 e Influenza e educação em saúde. A partir da experiência, observou-se e vivenciou o contexto sociocultural no qual estão inseridos os ribeirinhos, sendo evidente a importância da ocupação destes espaços por profissionais de saúde qualificados, assim como da presença de acadêmicos, por meio de projetos e parcerias que ofertem assistência de qualidade às comunidades ribeirinhas.
Value Chain Analysis of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)in Lalitpur, Nepal
Authors: Koirala Sagar
Published: March 2022

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a leading vegetable crop with good market potentiality in Nepal. The knowledge of commodity flow and actors play a pivotal role to identify the gaps for improving competitiveness. A study was carried out to assess the contemporary status of the value chain for tomatoes in Lalitpur, Nepal in 2020. A total of 60 households were sampled from two rural municipalities, viz. Konjyosom and Bagmati and a municipality: the Godavari, were selected by using proportionate stratified random sampling technique; they were interviewed with a pre-tested, semi-structured interview schedule. 10 traders (wholesalers, retailers) were selected to study the marketing aspect. Secondary data was collected from peer-reviewed journals, websites, organization publications, AKC, and PMAMP profiles. Tomato producers, traders, and extension agents were the source for primary data
Vulnerability to Food and Nutritional Insecurity in Different Reaches of Tungabhadra Command Area of Karnataka: A Case Study
Authors: P Pooja
Published: March 2022

This study assessed the vulnerability to food and nutritional insecurity of farm households across multiple water regimes in the Tungabhadra command area of Karnataka by collecting data from 120 households comprising 40 respondents from head, middle and tail-end reaches. The Gini coefficients used to measure the inequality, which showed a high degree of income inequality among tail-end reach households. In head-reach regime, households experienced low vulnerability to food insecurity as they spent lesser proportion of their total expenditure on food, whereas, middle and tail-end reach farm households were more vulnerable. As land use decision is hard to change, there is a need for a comprehensive strategy and plan for irrigation water management and administration.
Ayurvedic Management of Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis in Post COVID-19 Patient: A Single Case Study
Authors: Arun NK  , Sarita Devi  , Mahesh Kumar Sharma  , Gyan Prakash Sharma
Published: March 2022

A severe and rare fungal illness, Mucormycosis also known as black fungus affecting some corona virus patient. It occurs in people with Diabetes, Hypertension, reduced immunity and immune-compromised state. Various pharmacological interventions are used for this treatment but little efficacy and its prognosis is also poor. Certain Panchakarma procedures and internal Ayurvedic medicines have been proved to be beneficial in the management of fungal sinusitis. A 79 year old male patient with complaints of sinusitis, facial and eye pain, generalized muscular pain especially over the nape of neck, right arm, and right leg, discoloration of skin, nasal congestion came to Panchakarma OPD in university college of Ayurveda, Rajasthan Ayurveda University Campus Jodhpur for treatment. The present report deals with a case of Rhino Orbito cerebral Mucormycosis managed by Panchakarma treatment along with internal medicines. The Ayurvedic diagnoses of Raktaja Pratishyaya and Krimija Shiroroga were made, and Panchakarma treatments such as Kavala/Gandusha (gargling), Nasya (nasal medication), Dhumapana and Karnapurana were performed, followed by internal medicines for 30 days. Nasyakarma is especially desired for diseases of the parts above the base of the neck (above the clavicle). This treatment method was found effective in controlling the progressive symptoms and improving the functional ability of the patient.
Atuais evidências sobre o uso de cloroquina e hidroxicloroquina em pacientes com infecção por SARS-CoV-2: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Queiroz Leonardo Rosa , Assis Marcelo Cardoso , Silva Marcio Aurélio da , Ferreira Graziella Cristina Dutra , Reis Janayna Giulia Soares dos , Rodrigues Isadora Zupelli , Garcia Gustavo Louza , Reges Amanda Figueiredo , Ribeiro Helene , Braganti Nathalia Teixeira Sousa e
Published: March 2022

A pandemia da COVID 19 foi declarada em março de 2020 e embora não exista nenhum medicamento especifico para tratar a doença, a cloroquina (CQ) e a hidroxicloroquina (HCQ) estão sendo clinicamente testadas após resultados positivos in vitro. Na busca de fármacos que possam auxiliar no combate a pandemia vários países lançaram diretrizes regulamentando o uso da CQ e HCQ. Este estudo tem por objetivo fazer uma revisão da literatura e identificar as evidências científicas publicadas até o presente momento sobre o uso da CQ e da HCQ no tratamento de pacientes acometidos pelo coronavírus. Os resultados encontrados apontam que apesar de uma euforia inicial com resultados positivos dos efeitos do medicamento tem-se uma tendência em que os ensaios clínicos mais atuais não recomendam o uso desses fármacos que não seja em caráter experimental devido a divergências nos resultados encontrados. São necessárias mais evidências, a partir de ensaios clínicos randomizados, para confirmar ou refutar o uso da CQ e da HCQ.
Analysis of Bilateral Trade between India & China Since 2001
Authors: Ahmadi Mohammad Haroon
Published: March 2022

This research analyzes the existing bi-lateral trade patterns between India and China with a view to locate in the development context. It was essential to analyze the data since 2000 after implementing economic reforms in both countries. This research attempts to analyze the bilateral trade relation between these two countries, and also, focus on strategic frameworks. For determining the export performance, Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) method is applied. This study also recommends that trade balance is possible between India and China through making the right policies.
Caroli’s Disease: A Mini-Review
Authors: McCafferty J  , Li C
Published: March 2022

Caroli’s disease is a rare congenital condition that is characterised by intrahepatic biliary duct dilatation without fibrosis. It is associated with an increased risk of cholelithiasis, cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma. As such, it is an important clinical entity to be aware of. Most of the literature surrounding Caroli’s disease is limited to case reports and case series. This review will explore the clinical characteristics, imaging modalities and management of Caroli’s disease
Potential of Absorption, Capillary Effect and Sponge-Effect in Endoscopic-Assisted Therapy for Leaks and Fistulas
Authors: KH Fuchs  , B Sudarevic  , Meining A
Published: March 2022

1.1. Introduction: Anastomotic leaks and fistulas as well as perforations do lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Several interventional endoscopic techniques such as stents, clips, endoscopic suturing and endoscopic vacuum therapy, can help in reducing an unfavorable outcome of these patients, using a differentiated management of leakages. An important feature of these therapeutic options is the contineous removal of fluid from the fistula or abscess cavity in order to heal the defect and prevent subsequent complications. The objective of this study is the investigation of technical and conceptual modifications of the established Endo-sponge therapy and their feasibility.
Utilizing Genetic Algorithm and Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm to Extend the WSN Lifetime
Authors: Alshattnawi Sawsan , Afifi Lubna , Shatnawi Amani M. , Barhoush Malek M.
Published: March 2022

Extending the lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is an important issue due to the mission assigned to these networks. The sensors collect data relevant to a specific field. Then, the sensors send the collected data to a base station where it is analyzed, and a suitable reaction can be taken. Sensors in WSN depend on a battery with limited energy to do their work. Data transmission and receiving consume energy, which may lead to the loss of the whole network or some of the essential nodes. For this reason, energy must be preserved as long as possible to prolong the network lifetime. Several types of research were presented with different approaches to minimize power consumption. In this paper, we present a hybrid technique that includes two population-based algorithms: genetic algorithm (GA) and artificial bee colony (ABC) with clustering approaches. This proposed novel technique aims to reduce the dissipation of power consumption per sensor node in the WSN, and as a consequence, the lifetime of the WSN is extended. The ABC algorithm was used to improve an initial population, which was used in the GA. Also, we used two approaches of clustering; clustering based on genetic algorithm and K-means clustering beside LEACH protocol. The experimental results show that the proposed approach approved its efficiency in lifetime extending through an increasing number of the operational nodes per round and transmission.
A Method of IoT Information Compression
Authors: Manzhos Yuriy S. , Sokolova Yevheniia V.
Published: March 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a modern paradigm that consists of heterogeneous intercommunicated devices that send and receive messages in various formats through different protocols. Thanks to the smart things mainstream, it is becoming common to collect large quantities of data generated by resource-constrained, distributed devices at one or more servers. However, the wireless transmitting of data is very expensive. For example, in IoT, Bluetooth Low Energy using costs tens of millijoules per connection, while computing at full energy costs only tens of micrjoules, and sitting idle costs close to 1 microjoules per second for STM processors. We need compression of data on smart devices. We introduce an IoT compression method based on the concurrent Cosine and Chebyshev Discrete Transforms. For performance increasing, the modification of Transforms algorithms is proposed. This method is suitable not only for IoT devices collecting data but also for the big servers.
Software Requirements Profile Quality Model
Authors: Gordieiev Oleksandr , Kharchenko Vyacheslav , Gordieieva Daria
Published: March 2022

Article opens series of works devoted to profile-oriented software quality assessment. In this article the concept of software requirements profiling for subsequent software requirements profile quality assessment is analyzed and developed. The main result of the article is the development of the software requirements profile quality model. The model describes the following: characteristics and attributes of software requirements and their classification features; characteristics and attributes of software requirements profile and their classification features; semantics and syntax of software requirements. The article is based on analysis and use of the following standards: ISO/IEC 25012:2008, ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148:2018, ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148:2011. Examples of software requirements profile quality model are introduced. The suggested approach is used for the development of terms of reference or draft of a new standard. For example, the model is used for an assessment draft of the new standard “Requirements to computer security of NPP Instrumentation and Control Systems (NPP I&C)” developed by the Ukrainian state regulatory body. As a result of the development of the software requirements profile quality model, a set of propositions for improving the quality of the standard as a branch of the profile for NPP I&C cybersecurity are implemented.
La movilidad entre hermandades de la VOT franciscana: el caso de la ciudad de A Coruña (1673-1834)
Authors: Vázquez Bello Pablo , Rey Castelao Ofelia
Published: March 2022

Este artículo estudia la acogida de hermanos y hermanas forasteros por parte de la Venerable Orden Tercera franciscana en A Coruña entre 1673 y 1834. La regla de esta asociación permitía que los miembros de una hermandad que pasaban a vivir de un lugar a otro pudieran integrarse en las hermandades de los lugares de llegada. Esto tenía un valor religioso -compartir las actividades de los hermanos de la orden- y, sobre todo, un valor social; ya que esa integración facilitaba el contacto con los sectores sociales de la ciudad y una asimilación rápida. Sin embargo, esto dependía también de los caracteres sociales y económicos de cada ciudad: en estas páginas se estudian los libros de entradas de la VOT de A Coruña, que era la capital administrativa de Galicia, el mayor puerto comercial de esa región y una importante base militar; a través de esa documentación se observan la evolución y la identidad de los cofrades inmigrados, así como la eficacia de la integración social por medio de esta hermandad.
High grade small bowel lymphoma in a 66 year old male patient
Authors: Schamberg Christian
Published: March 2022

Should one proceed to a diagnostic laparotomy in a case of advanced malignancy in the absence of overwhelming clinical symptoms? The case reported will illustrate the necessity to do so, particularly in the light of confusing symptoms and difficult medical imaging.
Farmer’s Field Evaluation of Direct Seeded Rice vis-à-vis Puddled Transplanted Rice in Kapurthala, Punjab
Authors: Bhatt Rajan , Singh Pritpal
Published: March 2022

The direct seeded rice (DSR) has emerged as an economically viable and sustainable option for timely rice establishment due to labor shortage amid Covid-19 pandemics. The crop production practices differ greatly among puddled transplanted rice (PTR) and DSR. Therefore, we compared the performance of different rice varieties viz. PR-121, PR-126 and Pusa-44 under two contrasting establishment methods (PTR vs. DSR). The study highlights that of the total area under rice, the highest area under DSR was in Sultanpur Lodhi block (about 68.2%), while the lowest area in Dhilwan block (about 41.9%). Results revealed higher benefit-cost ratio of rice establishment under DSR technology, compared with the PTR technology, regardless of the rice variety due to reduced (about 23.9%) cost of cultivation associated with rice establishment under DSR technology. About 68.9 per cent of the respondents perceived PTR as low cost effective, while about 4.7 per cent perceived PTR as highly cost effective. Conversely, about 16.0 per cent of respondents perceived DSR as low cost effective, while a large proportion (about 55.7%) perceived DSR as highly cost effective. About 14.1, 76.4 and 10.4 per cent of PTR farmers, while about 10.4, 69.8 and 14.1 per cent of DSR farmers perceived it as low, medium and highly profitable.
Impact Assessment of Bidi Tobacco in Gujarat
Authors: Srinivas A. , Reddy D. Damodar , Reddy K. Vishwanath , Baliwada Hema , Krishna S. Kasturi
Published: March 2022

Tobacco, the golden leaf is one of the important high value commercial crops grown in over 15 states in India. It is a highly remunerative crop fetching more economic benefits to the farmers. Among different types of tobacco, bidi tobacco is an important non-FCV tobacco grown largely in Gujarat. The present study was conducted in the year 2019 with an objective to assess the impact of tobacco crop on socio-economic transformation of tobacco farmers in Gujarat state. The total sample size of the study was 160. The average net returns from bidi tobacco were Rs. 65000/ha. in Gujarat compared to wheat (Rs. 25,000/ ha) and jowar (Rs. 15000/ha). The socio-economic impact was high for tobacco growers in terms of land size, annual income, expenditure pattern, possession of assets, net returns, habitat &educational security and social empowerment than non-tobacco farmers. The major constraints identified from tobacco farmers wereprice fluctuation, non-availability of labour, suckers problem and storage facilities. The different factors for growing tobacco were high profit, availability of timely and sufficient credit, location suitability and timely availability of inputs. For non-tobacco crops, the major factors for cultivation were location suitability, adoption of improved technology, quick payment to the produce and government support.
Development of Scale to Measure Agripreneurs Attitude towards Entrepreneurial Climate
Authors: Gupta Sanjay Kumar , Nain Manjeet Singh , Singh Rashmi , Mishra Jyoti Ranjan
Published: March 2022

Attitude plays a crucial role in influencing one’s behaviour with respect to a particular psychological object. To measure the attitude of farmers towards entrepreneurial climate for agrienterprise development, need was realized to devise a scale and a Likert’s Summated Rating scale was constructed by following the standard methodology suggested. Attitude towards entrepreneurial climate was categorized in six specific dimensions viz. Institutional factors, psychological factors, cognitive factors, managerial factors, sociological factors and economic factors. A total of 141 items were constructed and was sent to 124 experts through email, Google docs form and handed over personally by visiting to the experts. Based on the 43 experts’ responses 72 items were screened out for item analysis. The scale was administered to 80 agripreneurs of Uttar Pradesh. The odd-even method was followed for testing reliability of the scale and reliability co-efficient was 0.66. The validity of the scale was examined with the help of face and content validity. The scale developed finally consisted of 44 items (36 positive and 8 negative).
Throwing Out the Playbook: Insights from the 2021 ABLE Conversation
Authors:   Creative Generation, Campbell Jordan
Published: March 2022

On Saturday, November 20, 2021, the Berklee Institute for Arts Education and Special Needs (BIAESN) hosted the first ABLE Conversation: Anti-Ableism, Representation, and Accessibility in Arts Education symposium. The event included keynote remarks from Rebecca Cokley and Gaelynn Lea, as well as discussions with attendees. Insights are shared from the event, focused on solidarity work; preparation, access, and opportunity; and the joy of disability culture. It concluded with a strong call to action for the arts education community to be revolutionary and throw out the playbook.
From Inheritability to Non-inheritability of the Legal Duty of Spousal
Support
Authors: Djokic Ivana
Published: March 2022

In accordance with the family regulations of the Republic of Serbia, the legal duty of support, among other things, ends with the death of the provider. Unlike the Serbian legislator, the legislators in some modern European legal systems have envisaged the inheritability of the legal duty of support, among others, for a divorced spouse. These essentially different approaches to regulating the issue of inheritability of the legal duty to support a divorced spouse, are the subject of the author’s attention. In addition to trying to draw a conclusion regarding which of the mentioned approaches to the legal regulation of the issue of heritability of the legal support duty fulfills entirely or largely the function of post-marital solidarity, the author considers the possibility of redesigning and amending the family and inheritance regulations of the Republic of Serbia.
FETAL OUTCOME IN EMERGENCY CAESARIAN SECTION
Authors: Iqbal Nargis , Nazia Nawaz  , Khulood Mukhtar  , Mehreen Nisar  , Faiza Nisar  , Nosheen Salman
Published: March 2022

Background: Caesarean section is a procedure in which delivery of the fetus is carried out through a surgical incision on the abdomen and uterus of the mother. It is said to be a life-saving both for mother and fetus during pregnancy and labor.

Objectives: To determine the Fetal Outcome in Emergency Caesarean Section.

 Methodology: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted in Obstetrics and Gynecology department, of Al-Aleem Medical College attached with Gulab Devi Educational Complex Lahore from 1st March 2020 to Feb 2021. All emergency caesarean sections during above mentioned period were enrolled in the study. Information’s regarding Mother Age, Gravida Parity, Booking status, Socio-economic status, Mode of onset of labor and Fetal outcome as Apgar score, fetal maturity, Birth weight and Nursery admission were gathered by entering all information in the predesigned Performa.

Results: There were 635 deliveries during the said time, SVD were 380 (60%) and caesarean section were 255 (40%). The rate of ECS was 54.90% (140 women), whereas elective CS was 45.09% (115 women). The prevalence of ECS was 22% (140 of 635 deliveries). Nursery admission rate was 27.85% percent due to different indication, majority of them 89.74% discharged and unfortunately 10.25% expired due to prematurity, sepsis and birth asphyxia.

Conclusion: Fetal distress was the commonest cause of Emergency Caesarean Sections and resulted high perinatal morbidity and mortality.
التعزير للمصلحة وأثره في حفظ النظام العام دراسة تأصيلية تطبيقية في المحاكم السعودية
Authors:   كلية الدراسات القضائية والأنظمة بجامعة أم القرى, السلمي مشعل بن عواض
Published: March 2022

This research deals with the issue of the Discretionary Punishment (Al-Ta'zir) for the Interest and its Effect in Keeping the Public Regulation, with a model for judicial application in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with reference to one of the regulations related to the discretionary punishment. The research used the analytical and applied approach. The research aims to link the issues of jurisprudence with the legitimate interest, and to search for and link the theoretical aspects with the applied judicial aspects, as well as linking the discretionary punishment to the public regulation. The findings of the research as follows: The close relationship between the discretionary punishment and keeping the public regulation. The importance of public regulation in people's life. The close relationship between the theoretical and practical aspects, which is what I intended to study in my research through judicial applications. The recommendations as follows: The rest of the regulations need a lot of study in applying this issue to them. Doing scientific research that serves developments, including the discretionary punishment, which is emerging day after day, and linking the applied aspects to theoretical aspects and linking the discretionary punishment to the public regulation.
Assessing the benefits of Imaging Infrared Radiometer observations for the CALIOP version 4 cloud and aerosol discrimination algorithm
Authors: Vaillant de Guélis Thibault , Ancellet Gérard , Garnier Anne , C.-Labonnote Laurent , Pelon Jacques , Vaughan Mark A. , Liu Zhaoyan , Winker David M.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The features detected in monolayer atmospheric columns sounded by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) and classified as cloud or aerosol layers by the CALIOP version 4 (V4) cloud and aerosol discrimination (CAD) algorithm are reassessed using perfectly collocated brightness temperatures measured by the Imaging Infrared Radiometer (IIR) aboard the same satellite. Using the IIR's three wavelength measurements of layers that are confidently classified by the CALIOP CAD algorithm, we calculate two-dimensional (2-D) probability distribution functions (PDFs) of IIR brightness temperature differences (BTDs) for different cloud and aerosol types. We then compare these PDFs with 1-D radiative transfer simulations for ice and water clouds and dust and marine aerosols. Using these IIR 2-D BTD signature PDFs, we develop and deploy a new IIR-based CAD algorithm and compare the classifications obtained to the results reported by the CALIOP-only V4 CAD algorithm. IIR observations are shown to be able to identify clouds with a good accuracy. The IIR cloud identifications agree very well with layers classified as confident clouds by the V4 CAD algorithm (88 %). More importantly, simultaneous use of IIR information reduces the ambiguity in a notable fraction of “not confident” V4 cloud classifications. 28 % and 14 % of the ambiguous V4 cloud classifications are reclassified more appropriately as confident cloud layers through the use of the IIR observations in the tropics and in the midlatitudes, respectively. IIR observations are of relatively little help in deriving high-confidence classifications for most aerosols, as the low altitudes and small optical depths of aerosol layers yield IIR signatures that are similar to those of clear skies. However, misclassifications of aerosol layers, such as dense dust or elevated smoke layers, by the V4 CAD algorithm can be corrected to cloud layer classification by including IIR information. 10 %, 16 %, and 6 % of the ambiguous V4 dust, polluted dust, and tropospheric elevated smoke, respectively, are found to be misclassified cloud layers by the IIR measurements.
Regional county-level housing inventory predictions and the effects on hurricane risk
Authors: Williams Caroline J. , Davidson Rachel A. , Nozick Linda K. , Trainor Joseph E. , Millea Meghan , Kruse Jamie L.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Regional hurricane risk is often assessed assuming a static housing inventory, yet a region's housing inventory changes continually. Failing to include changes in the built environment in hurricane risk modeling can substantially underestimate expected losses. This study uses publicly available data and a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network model to forecast the annual number of housing units for each of 1000 individual counties in the southeastern United States over the next 20 years. When evaluated using testing data, the estimated number of housing units was almost always (97.3 % of the time), no more than 1 percentage point different than the observed number, predictive errors that are acceptable for most practical purposes. Comparisons suggest the LSTM outperforms the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and simpler linear trend models. The housing unit projections can help facilitate a quantification of changes in future expected losses and other impacts caused by hurricanes. For example, this study finds that if a hurricane with characteristics similar to Hurricane Harvey were to impact southeastern Texas in 20 years, the residential property and flood losses would be nearly USD 4 billion (38 %) greater due to the expected increase of 1.3 million new housing units (41 %) in the region.
Urology and Geriatrics in Korea: Present Status and Future Directions
Authors: Cho Sung Tae , Na Hae Ri
Published: March 2022

Globally, the population aged 65 years and over is growing faster than all other age groups. South Korea, in particular, is one of the most rapidly aging societies worldwide. With the increase in the older population, the incidence of urologic diseases has increased significantly along with that of chronic diseases. Urologic diseases are an important component of the health problems faced by an aging society. Among those, urinary incontinence and voiding dysfunction cause significant health and quality of life problems in older adults. To properly manage these diseases, especially in the field of urology, it is necessary to propose appropriate policies for the health care of older people. Accordingly, the significance of geriatrics, particularly geriatric urology, has increased. Although geriatric urology in South Korea began relatively recently, the founding of the Korean Society of Geriatric Urological Care represents a significant step in the development of geriatric urology as a subspecialty. The goal of this review is to elaborate on the concept of geriatrics and to provide an overview of geriatric urology with a focus on its current status in South Korea. Furthermore, future challenges in the face of rapid demographic changes are reviewed.
The Prevalence of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Overactive Bladder in South Korea: A Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Study
Authors: Kim Myung Ki , Shin Yu Seob , Lee Ju Hyung , Cho Won Jin , Kim Dae Kyung
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) affect over half of the adults’ population worldwide, with an increasing prevalence among the older age groups. Therefore, with the increasing elderly population, LUTS is an important disease, highlighting the need for accurate data on its prevalence. This present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of LUTS in South Korea.Methods: The study targeted individuals aged at least 19 years nationwide. We conducted computer-assisted telephone interviews, 80% mobile random digital dialing (RDD) sampling frame, and 20% landline RDD sampling frame between April and May 2020. Questionnaires included The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), the overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS), and the characteristics of respondents. Current International Continence Society definitions were used for individual LUTS and OAB.Results: There were 2,000 respondents, 1,009 (50.4%) were women and 546 (27.3%) were aged ≥60 years. Based on our IPSS questionnaire survey results, 77.9% of the respondents had LUTS; 63.7% had mild symptoms (1–7), 11.7% had moderate symptoms (8–19), and 2.4% had severe symptoms (20–35). The prevalence and severity of LUTS increased with age with 22.1% of respondents aged 60 years and above complaining of moderate or severe LUTS. According to the survey through OABSS, the prevalence of OAB was 9.6%, males were 10.3% and females were 9.0%.Conclusions: Based on our survey results, 77.9% of the Korean adult population (over the age of 19) experienced at least one LUTS, and the severity increased with age. The prevalence and severity of OAB increased with age, especially after 40 years; the prevalence of OAB was 9.6%, and 13.4% of them were over 60 years old.