bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ЛИЧНОСТЬ ОСУЖДЕННОГО
Authors: Орозбаева Ж.М.
Published: February 2025

Личность преступников имеет особое значение с учетом уго­ловно-правовых, процессуальных, социальных, психологиче­ских и криминологических аспектов. В силу практики право­при­менения меры воздействия на осужденных, их ресоциали­за­ция приобретают особое значение. В то же время научные ис­сле­дования показывают, что личность преступника струк­тур­­но довольно сложна. Несмотря на ряд исследований, эти воп­росы в отечественной юридической науке малоизучены. В исследовании были проанализированы структурные и содер­жа­тельные стороны личности осужденного и отбывающих на­казание в исправительных учреждениях, а также сделана по­пытка выделения его общих и особых черт. Цель исследо­вания выявить содержательные особенности личности осуж­денных и раскрыть их характерные черты. В результате ста­тьи были обобщены характерные черты личности осуж­ден­ных, а также выделены их особенности.

Кылмышкерлердин инсандыгы кылмыш-укуктук, процес­суалдык, социалдык, психологиялык, криминологиялык аспект­тер­­­де каралуу менен өзгөчө мааниге ээ. Анткени укукколдонуу практикасы, соттолгондого таасир этүү чаралары аларды ре­социализациялоо өзгөчө мааниге ээ. Ошону менен бирдикте кыл­мышкердин инсандыгы түзүмдүк жактан бир канча та­таал экендигин илимий изилдөөлөр ачыктайт. Бир катар изил­дөө­лөргө карабастан ата мекендик юридикалык илимде бул су­роо­лор өтө аз изилденген. Изилдөөбүздө соттолгон жана тү­зө­түү мекемелеринде жасасын өтөп жаткандандын инсан­ды­гы­нын маани мазмундук жактары талдоого алынып, анын жал­пы жана атайын белгилерин бөлүп кароо мүмкүн­чүлүгүнө далалат жасалды. Изилдөөнүн максаты соттолгон адам­дар­дын инсандыгынын мазмундук өзгөчөлүктөрүн аныктоо менен аларга мүнөздүү болгон белгилерди ачыктоо саналат. Мака­ла­нын жыйынтыгында соттолгон адамдардын инсандыгынын мү­­нөз­дүү белгилери жалпыланып, ошону менен бирдикте өзгө­чө мүнөздөмөлөрү дагы бөлүп каралды.

The personality of criminals has a special meaning in terms of criminal law, procedural, social, psychological and criminological as­pects. Due to the practice of law enforcement, measures of in­fluen­­ce on convicts, their resocialization acquire a special impor­tance. At the same time, scientific studies show that the criminal's per­­sonality is structurally quite complex. Despite a number of stu­dies, these issues are poorly understood in domestic legal science. In the study, the structural and content aspects of the personality of the convict and those serving punishment in correctional ins­ti­tu­tions were analyzed, and an attempt was made to identify his ge­ne­ral and special features. The purpose of the study is to reveal the sub­stantive features of the convicts' personalities and reveal their characteristics. As a result, the article summarized the personality traits of the convicts, as well as highlighted their features.
Бизнес-этика и управление внутренними угрозами в компаниях
Authors: Машкова Е.В.
Published: February 2025

Статья посвящена исследованию влияния факторов бизнес-этики на возникновение кризисных ситуаций в компаниях. Представленная методология, сочетающая статистический анализ данных и методы расследования, направлена на выявление истинных причин кризисных явлений и разработку мер по их предотвращению. Новизна работы заключается в интеграции этических аспектов в систему внутреннего контроля и безопасности организаций, что позволяет более эффективно выявлять и устранять скрытые угрозы, связанные с неэтичным поведением сотрудников и руководителей. Практическая значимость исследования состоит в разработке и применении методологии для повышения устойчивости компаний к кризисам, снижения вероятности их возникновения и минимизации негативных последствий. В статье рассматриваются различные подходы к выявлению причин кризисных явлений, формулируются рекомендации по построению эффективной системы управления, обеспечивающей предотвращение подобных ситуаций в будущем. Предложенный подход основан на применении статистических методов и методологии расследований для обнаружения, анализа и регулирования этических нарушений, негативно влияющих на состояние бизнеса. Практическая ценность заключается в совершенствовании систем безопасности организаций, повышении уровня управляемости и устойчивости бизнеса. Опыт автора, включающий более 100 расследований кризисных ситуаций, подтверждает эффективность предложенной методологии. Статья содержит ссылки на существующие подходы к управлению рисками, выявляет их недостаточную комплексность и предлагает дополнительные решения, основанные на глубоком понимании связи между бизнес-этикой и возникновением кризисов. В работе подробно описываются этапы расследования, включая сбор данных, анализ информации, выявление истинных причин проблем и разработку мер по их устранению. Предложенная методология позволяет не только предотвращать кризисы, но и создавать условия для устойчивого развития бизнеса, повышения его конкурентоспособности и эффективности. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы владельцами и руководителями компаний для повышения уровня безопасности и устойчивости своих организаций. Работа опирается на использование данных из научных публикаций, посвященных вопросам бизнес-этики, управления рисками и антикризисного управления.
Банкротство предприятий: предпосылки и инструменты предотвращения
Authors: Акбашева Д.М. , Биджиева А.А. , Текеева Д.З.
Published: February 2025

Конкурсной массой управляет доверительный управляющий или лицо, находящееся во владении должника, которое несет фидуциарную обязанность по максимальному увеличению стоимости конкурсной массы в интересах кредиторов. Роль управляющего в деле о несостоятельности: Управляющий по делам о несостоятельности играет центральную роль в учете в процессе банкротства. Он отвечает за надлежащее ведение бухгалтерских книг, подготовку промежуточных отчетов и сотрудничество с судом и верующими. Прозрачность и раскрытие информации, важным принципом бухгалтерского учета при банкротстве является прозрачность и раскрытие всей соответствующей информации. Кредиторы должны регулярно получать информацию о состоянии дела о несостоятельности и ходе судебного разбирательства.
Инструменты мотивации сотрудников для стимулирования инновационной активности на предприятиях нефтегазовой отрасли
Authors: Фадеев В.Д.
Published: February 2025

Повышение инновационной активности на предприятиях нефтегазовой отрасли России является важным элементом их устойчивого развития и повышения конкурентоспособности на внутреннем и внешнем рынках в современных условиях Индустрии 4.0 и перехода к Индустрии 5.0. В данной статье рассматриваются подходы к мотивации персонала на предприятиях нефтегазовой отрасли и анализируется существующая система мотивации на примере российских предприятий нефтегазовой отрасли. Целью исследования является обоснование и классифицировании наиболее эффективных инструментов мотивации персонала для повышения инновационной активности на предприятиях нефтегазового сектора. В работе проведен сравнительный анализ подходов к мотивации, выявлены их преимущества и ограничения в реализации применительно к нефтегазовой отрасли, выявлена специфика мотивации сотрудников для различных категорий на примере российских предприятий «Транснефть», «Сургутнефтегаз». Даны рекомендации по совершенствованию системы мотивации с целью повышения инновационной активности и потенциала предприятий. Основное внимание уделяется внедрению гибридных систем мотивации труда, учету высокого уровня ответственности и рисков для здоровья работников нефтегазовой отрасли, долгосрочности реализации проектов, созданию культуры инноваций в организациях.
Conductive Polymer Coatings Control Reaction Selectivity in All-Iron Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Boz Emre B. , Bondre Ameya , de Bruijne Ronald , Forner-Cuenca Antoni
Published: February 2025

Aqueous all-iron redox flow batteries are an attractive and economic technology for grid-scale energy storage owing to their use of abundant and environmentally benign iron as redox active material and water as solvent. However, the battery operation is challenged by the plating/stripping reactions of iron and the competing hydrogen evolution reaction at the negative electrode, which hinder performance and durability. Here we tailor the reaction selectivity of the negative electrode by introducing conductive polymer coatings onto porous carbonaceous electrodes. We conformally coated two conductive polymers, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and poly(pyrrole) (PPy) with the dopant poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS), and studied the resulting electrochemistry on model electroanalytical platforms and redox flow batteries. Both polymers decrease the hydrogen evolution current on rotating disc electrodes, with PPy/PSS strongly inhibiting the reaction at high overpotentials. In full all-iron redox flow cells, we find that PPy/PSS coating extends cyclability and significantly reduces hydrogen evolution, while PEDOT/PSS coating improves the round-trip efficiency, possibly acting as a redox shuttle for iron stripping reactions. These findings motivate the broader investigation and implementation of conductive polymers to engineer reaction selectivity for flow batteries and other electrochemical technologies.
Redox Tuning of Metals with High Coordination Numbers: Quantifying Systematic Charge Density Effects of Co-encapsulated Cations
Authors: Leseberg Julie , Gompa Thaige , Mikeska Emily , Oliver Allen , Day Victor , La Pierre Henry , Blakemore James
Published: February 2025

Heavy element cations with large ionic radii naturally tend to adopt high coordination numbers (C.N. ≥ 8), endowing them with unique chemical and physical properties. Rational control of the redox chemistry or electronic properties of such systems with high C.N. values must overcome these ions’ high degree of structural freedom. Here, a tailored tripodal ligand has been used to establish stereochemical control over co-encapsulated cerium centers with C.N. = 7–9 and secondary monovalent (Li, Na, K) or divalent cations (Ca, Sr, Ba) with C.N. = 6–9. Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies reveal that Ce(III) and Ce(IV) forms of the complexes are accessible, enabling correlation of the characteristics manifested by the cerium-containing cores with the properties of the incorporated secondary cations. The Ce(IV/III) reduction potential can be shifted systematically across a span of > 600 mV, representing a higher sensitivity to cation identity than in any tunable heterobimetallic nd- or 5f-element complexes studied to date. A structural model for understanding these effects was formulated on the basis of comprehensive X-ray diffraction analysis, revealing well-defined roles for both the ionic radius (position) and Lewis acidity (charge density) of the co-encapsulated secondary metal ions in influencing the cerium cores of the complexes. Formation of shared triangular faces between coordination polyhedra enables the high tuning sensitivity by generating an internuclear axis upon which the secondary cations adopt unique positions that are dictated by their size and coordination preferences rather than their charge states alone.
Enhancing the Reverse Intersystem Crossing (RISC) Rates and Efficiencies of Multi-Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (MR-TADF) Emitters with a U-shaped Molecular Structure for Solution-Processed OLEDs
Authors: Xu Shipan , Liu Wenping , Yan An , Du Xuyang , Sun Yuanhui , Tao Junfei , Zhou Guijiang , Chen Zhao , Yang Xiaolong
Published: February 2025

Most B-N multiple resonance (MR) induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters, due to their inherently rigid and planar molecular structures and short-range charge-transfer characteristics, typically exhibit poor solubility and low reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rates, which are highly undesirable for high-performance solution-processible OLEDs. Herein, we developed a simple yet feasible approach to fabricate three novel solution-processible small-molecule MR-TADF emitters by connecting either one MR-TADF unit and a triazine unit, one MR-TADF unit and a phenylcarbazole unit, or two MR-TADF units to a naphthalene bridge. The solution-processed OLEDs based on BN-N-TTz and BN-N-PCz achieved maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 25.2% and 19.5%, respectively, with both having narrow emission bandwidths of only 29 nm full-width at half-maximum (FWHM). Notably, the solution-processed electroluminescent devices based on BN-N-BN achieved a maximum EQE of 27.6%, while BN-N-BN exhibited a very high RISC rate. This represents the excellent performance among solution-processible OLEDs based on MR-TADF emitters. This simple approach reveals the great potential for developing solution-processible emitters suitable for high-performance rigid and planar molecular structures.
Unleashing the Power of Potassium 2-Ethylhexanoate as a Mild and Soluble Base for Pd-catalyzed C-N Cross-Coupling
Authors: Lambert William , Felten Stephanie , Hadler Nicholas , Rinehart N. Ian , Swiatowiec Rafal , Storer Gregory , Henle Jeremy , Servos Mark , Yang Cassie , Bay Anna , Eyimegwu Pascal , Shekhar Shashank , Hartwig John
Published: February 2025

The formation of C-N bonds by Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling is one of the most widely practiced reactions in chemical synthesis. Typical reaction conditions involve either a strong base, which limits the scope of substrates, or an insoluble, inorganic base, which complicates running reactions on large scale. Reaction conditions are needed that can facilitate C-N couplings using a base that is both mild and soluble. We report the discovery of a combination of a phosphorinane ligand and a soluble carboxylate base, potassium 2-ethylhexanoate (K-2-EH) that, together, facilitate the coupling of base-sensitive reactants. To explore the enhanced substrate scope of reaction with this base and catalyst, we performed a scope evaluation using representative reactants selected from the chemical literature using chemical descriptors and clustering to ensure their chemical diversity. These results show that this phosphorinane ligand and K-2-EH couple primary aliphatic amines, amides, sulfonamides, and heteroaromatic nucleophiles, as well as acidic secondary nitrogen nucleophiles, such as secondary arylamines, heteroarylamines, and amides, with a range of electrophiles. The stabilities of several coupling products in the presence of a range of previously reported bases show that other soluble bases de-compose those products under standard reaction conditions, while K-2-EH did not. Finally, quantitative structure-reactivity relationship models, trained on ligand screening data, were developed to understand the structural features that engender reactivity.
Predicting the stability of base-mediated C–H carboxylation adducts using data science tools
Authors: Eckhoff Maike , Garcia-Roca Aleria , Deolka Shubham , Seidel Liudmila , Sigman Matthew S. , Proppe Jonny
Published: February 2025

Base-mediated C–H carboxylation is a versatile pathway for utilizing carbon dioxide (CO2) as a C1 building block in organic synthesis. However, CO2 constitutes a notorious thermodynamic sink, which restricts this approach to activated or intrinsically reactive nucleophiles. To qualitatively assess the stability of CO2 adducts, we present a computational approach that integrates quantum chemistry with statistical modeling to build a predictive workflow. The target property is the CO2 affinity, specifically the negative Gibbs free reaction energy. This predictive workflow has been applied to 60 novel carbon-centered nucleophiles, suggesting reactions that yield stable carboxylation adducts. The results have been validated through experimental methods for five predicted nucleophiles, which include three stable and two unstable adducts.
Cyanostar Synthesis on Large Scales in 2 Weeks and Small Scales in 2 Days
Authors: Loveless Michaela , Morgan Amanda , Flood Amar
Published: February 2025

Cyanostar is a pentagonal anion-binding macrocycle that is selective for polyatomic anions including hexafluorophosphate (PF6–), organophosphates (RHPO4–), and organic anions like tetrazine radicals. Use of cyanostar in research and technology has grown since its debut in 2013 with more than 40 publications and 5 patents spanning recognition, sensing, dynamic polymers, reversible adhesives, semi-conductor dopants, and programmable optical materials. However, the optimized synthesis and purification of cyanostar that developed over the years has yet to be published. The preparation of cyanostar reported here begins with commercially available 5-tert-butylisophthalic acid. From this starting material, cyanostar can be synthesized in good yield in 6 steps on large scales or in just 5 steps on expedited smaller scales. On large scales, high yields are maintained at each step and cyanostar is produced in a 50% yield over the course of 2 weeks. The small-scale synthesis produces cyanostar in a 3% yield but can be completed in just 2 days. These syntheses put lessons from sophomore organic chemistry and macrocycle chemistry into practice. Herein, we present a step-by-step guide toward easy and reliable synthesis of cyanostar at both scales and provide a comparison of hazards, reaction times, and overall yields for these methods.
Open-Source Generation of Sigma Profiles: Impact of Quantum Chemistry and Solvation Treatment on Machine Learning Performance
Authors: Salih Fathya , Abranches Dinis , Maginn Edward , Colón Yamil
Published: February 2025

The combination of machine learning (ML) models with chemistry-related tasks requires the description of molecular structures in a machine-readable way. The nature of these so-called molecular descriptors has a direct and major impact on the performance of ML models and remains an open problem in the field. Structural descriptors like SMILES strings or molecular graphs lack size-independence and can be memory intensive. Machine-learned descriptors can be of low dimensionality and constant size but lack physical significance and human interpretability. Sigma profiles, which are unnormalized histograms of the surface charge distributions of solvated molecules, combine physical significance with low dimensionality and size-independence, making them a suitable candidate for a universal molecular descriptor. However, their widespread adoption in ML applications requires open access to sigma profile generation, which is currently not available. This work details the development of an open-source software for generating sigma profiles. Also presented are studies on the effect of different settings on the efficacy of the generated sigma profiles at predicting thermophysical material properties when used as inputs to a Gaussian Process as a simple surrogate ML model. We find that a higher level of theory does not translate to more accurate results. We also provide further recommendations for sigma profile calculation and use in ML models.
Development of Indolo-Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane as a Carbazole Isostere through Radical Indolization of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes
Authors: Wang Honggen , Liu Yuan , Wu Jun-Yunzi , Fan Qi , Yang Yifan , Li Yin , Lin Shuang , Xue Jiang-Hao , Li Qingjiang
Published: February 2025

Semisaturated ring systems with a balanced fraction of Csp3 have garnered increasing attention in drug development. In this study, we propose indolo-bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane as a potential carbazole isostere and present a novel strategy for synthesizing this new semisaturated polycyclic scaffold. The synthesis involves using bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) as radical precursors/terminators in the Fukuyama radical indolization reaction with 2-alkenylarylisocyanides, providing a highly efficient approach to construct a tricyclic system in a single step. These reactions represent a rare example of two functional groups (isonitrile and alkene) being sequentially involved in the cyclization process within BCB chemistry.
Development of simplified, photo-active, and TfR1-targeted poly(β-aminoester)-zwitterion nanovehicles for gene delivery across brain endothelium
Authors: Lucana Maria C , Pandey Shambhavi , Borrós Salvador , Oller-Salvia Benjamí
Published: February 2025

Although nucleotide-based therapeutics hold promise for a variety of diseases, their clinical application is limited because of low stability and poor bioavailability. Among non-viral gene delivery vectors, poly(β-aminoester)s (pBAEs) stand out because of their low cytotoxicity, high transfection capacity, and adequate biodegradation profile. Oligopeptide end-Modified pBAEs (OM-pBAEs) enable enhanced polynucleotide encapsulation, cellular internalization, and transfection. Despite the outstanding properties of OM-pBAEs as non-viral gene delivery vectors, traditional OM-pBAE formulations have low cell selectivity and require formulation with two or more polymers. In this study, we first develop a simplified OM-pBAE formulation with a single polymer (pBAE-CRHR) and then add a zwitterionic moiety as part of the end-capping process (pBAE-CRHR-Zw). Subsequently, we show that addition of a photo-cleavable moiety enabled selective recovery of transfection capacity. Finally, we functionalize pBAE-CRHR-Zw with BrainBike-4, a bicyclic peptidomimetic binding transferrin receptor 1, and show that the targeted polyplexes display improved capacity to transfect cells with high levels of TfR1 and to transmigrate in a human cell-based model of the BBB.
In situ profiling of pen ink degradation on paper using Raman spectroscopy and ToF-SIMS
Authors: Adamos Michael , Rickard William , van Bronswijk Wilhelm , Sauzier Georgina
Published: February 2025

The relative ageing of inks is a service of high demand for forensic document examiners, as it may prove critical in disputes over potential document forgery. Conventional approaches to the dating of inks typically require extraction of ink from the paper via plugging (resulting in the partial destruction of document samples) and lack the time-specificity desired. This research instead utilised confocal Raman microscopy and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry for in-situ surface analysis to study the degradation of inks over a short-term period. Currently, there is limited research into how ink degradation processes may be impacted by the type of paper substrate, thus, multiple paper types were considered for this study. Analysis was carried out on six pen inks (2 pens each of rollerball, ballpoint, and gel ink formulations) deposited on three different paper types with a 4-month ageing period. Relative dating curves were developed tracking the degradation of triarylmethane dyes. ToF-SIMS analysis of sputtered samples indicated a potential reduction in degradation below the first few atomic layers of the surface. Developing in-situ and more spatially accurate (laterally and depth) analysis methods will improve the ability to identify forged documents.
Nitrogen Abundant Hexaazatriphenylene-diaminobenzidine Covalent Organic Framework as Promising Cathode Material in Lithium-ion Battery
Authors: Kar Korak , Rahaman Sabiar , Liu Yuchen , Krishna Bhalerao , Jyothilal Hiran , Duff Benjamin , Singh Dinachandra , Sundararaju Basker , Biradha Kumar , Keerthi Ashok
Published: February 2025

In recent years, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising materials because of their porosity, crystallinity, tunability and composition of lightweight elements. Conventionally, COFs have been mostly synthesized by reversible reactions to impart crystallinity. However, irreversible aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions can lead to more stable materials which are much more relevant to electrochemical applications. Embedding nitrogen atoms in the rigid carbon framework in the form of phenazine and secondary arylamine moieties provides redox-active sites to the material which has been shown to provide impressive performance as cathode material in lithium-ion batteries. Herein, we report a nitrogen-rich, hexaazatriphenylene-diaminobenzidine based COF through -C-N- linkages synthesized via irreversible aromatic nucleophilic reactions. Due to its diverse structural features, our COF serves as a highly viable electrode material, demonstrating excellent stability and recyclability in Li-ion batteries. Our COF achieves an impressive capacity of 265 mAh/g at a current density of 0.02 A/g, with a remarkable energy density of 607 Wh/kg. Furthermore, it retains a high Coulombic efficiency of ~98% throughout the charge-discharge process even after several hundred cycles.
Against the background of global climate changes, the current ecological situation of Azerbaijan's water resources and the directions of efficient use
Authors: Khalilov Ilgar , Eminov Farhad
Published: February 2025

State of the problem. The article describes the full range of hydrological threats related to the limitation and pollution of the water resources of the Republic of Azerbaijan. It is noted that the consequences of year-by-year aggravation of hydrological threats are the increase of conflicts with neighboring states, the development of new centers of ecological instability, the republic's socio-economic development programs are not fully implemented in the regions. It is known that the main features of Azerbaijan's water resources are their limitation, uneven distribution, approximately 70% of surface water resources are formed outside the country's borders and are seriously polluted when entering the country. The total water reserve of Azerbaijan is 35 billion cubic meters, of which 5 billion cubic meters is underground water. River water resources of the republic are 30.0 billion cubic meters, of which 10.0 billion cubic meters are local waters.

Research object. Azerbaijan's water resources, their modern ecological condition and directions for effective use.

The purpose of the study. Based on the long-term observation data and climate forecasts of Azerbaijan, it is to show the scarcity of fresh water resources, the potential to be significantly affected by climate change, and the directions of efficient use. However, the ability to quantify future changes with hydrological changes and their impacts on systems and sectors is limited by uncertainty at all stages of the assessment process. Uncertainty arises from different socio-economic development scenarios, given different climate model forecasts, reduction of climate impacts to local and regional scales, impact assessment. In accordance with the UN Sustainable Development Goals, it is important to study its effects in the study area within the framework of climate action.

Methodology. Generalization, statistical, systematic analysis and comparison methods were used in the preparation of the article.

Scientific novelty of the research. Against the background of modern climate change, the ecological situation of Azerbaijan's fresh water sources is analyzed and the characteristics of the use of water in various economic fields, the situation of pollution of transit river waters with industrial and domestic sewage of neighboring countries, and the harmful effects of their use on human health and environmental components are emphasized.

Research results. In the article, the improvement of the national strategy in the implementation of the ecological-geographical assessment of water bodies in Azerbaijan, the implementation of projects supported by various international organizations, the application of river basin management plans to a larger number of rivers and the improvement of legislation for the purpose of protection, the implementation of international cooperation are among the necessary steps.
Ecological consequences of the catastrophic destruction of the Kakhovka reservoir dam
Authors: Chernogor Leonid , Nekos Alla , Titenko Ganna , Chornohor Leonid
Published: February 2025

Formulation of the problem. The relevance is due to the need detail physical and mathematical modeling to the ecological consequences of the destruction of the Kakhovka Reservoir dam (Kherson region, Ukraine) on June 6, 2023.

Purpose. Determination of the ecological consequences by numerical modeling of the parameters of unregulated release of super-strong water flow that occurred as a result of the destruction of the Kakhovka Reservoir dam.

Methods. Multi-factor analysis, mathematical simulation, analytical and numerical calculations.

Results. For the first time, mathematical 1D, 2D and 3D models dynamics of water flow from the Kakhovka Reservoir have been developed, which make it possible to assess the ecological consequences of flooding large territorials of the country. Relationships were obtained to estimate the potential energy of the water mass in the reservoir, the kinetic energy of the water flow, the height of the level and mass of water in the reservoir, flow speed, and water outflow rate. These relationships were used to assess the consequences of the disaster. The developed methodology can be used to predict the consequences of dam damage on other rivers and reservoirs. Numerical modeling of the dynamics of the main parameters of the water flow from the destroyed Kakhovka Reservoir was carried out. It was established that in about ten days the height of the water column in the reservoir decreased by more than an order of magnitude, the flow speed by about 4 times, the volume by 45 times, water flow by almost two orders of magnitude, the flow power and potential energy of water in the reservoir by almost three orders of magnitude. The reservoir lost approximately 18 Gt of water. A territory of 650 km2 was flooded. The height of the water column in the vicinity of the dam reached 10 m, and at a distance of ~80 km it reached 5 m. The initial speed of water flow below the dam was close to 10 m/s. This speed remained at a distance of ~80 km from the dam, which contributed to the rapid onset and inevitability of the disaster, which took place late at night (about 03 h). The environmental consequences of the world's largest man-made disaster in decades were very significant. Some consequences will be observed for ~10 years or more. It can be argued that the ecosystems of Ukraine have suffered irreparable damage that qualifies as ecocide.

Conclusions. The results obtained indicate that the consequences of the destruction of the Kakhovka dam were catastrophic for the ecological situation of the region, hydropower, water supply, fisheries and agriculture, etc.
Detection and classification of player formations in sports using neural networks
Authors: E. Jesudin Rajesh , M. Anline Rejula , P. Jabalin Reeba
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the use of neural networks to identify and categorize player formations in sports, aiming to enhance tactical analysis and decision-making. High-resolution match footage is collected and meticulously labeled to identify player positions, forming the basis for training a convolutional neural network (CNN). The network is designed to recognize various player formations with high accuracy by applying sophisticated object detection algorithms. The model achieves promising results across common formations. Precision, recall, and F1 scores further demonstrate its effectiveness, indicating reliable classification even under varying conditions. These outcomes provide valuable insights for analysts and coaches, offering a robust tool to enhance strategic planning and improve team performance. Future work will focus on refining the model's accuracy, expanding the dataset, and incorporating real-time analysis capabilities to advance tactical decision-making in competitive sports.
DETERMINATION OF POWER AND ENERGY CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIABLE SPEED PUMPS IN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS WITH HYDRAULIC DIAPHRAGM TANKS
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Korotkoruchko D.Y.
Published: February 2025

The purpose of the research is to determine the working areas of hydraulic diaphragm tanks, including high-capacity ones, regardless of the characteristics of pumping equipment and water consumption, including using a frequency converter. This article presents the test results of the water supply system separately from the tank and together with it at 100% pump speed and at lower frequencies up to 60%. Currently, hydraulic membrane tanks have become an effective analogue of water towers for small farms: private homes, schools, hospitals, etc. They allow you to properly control the operation of pumping equipment, regulating its flow rate and pressure, as well as reducing its wear. However, there is a problem with the correct selection and configuration of the tank, as many water consumers do not know what specific flow rate and pressure they need. Accordingly, the issue of energy efficiency arises – the wrong choice of tank can lead to significant energy costs, and hence to monetary losses. The article presents the test results of membrane tanks when working together without and with a frequency converter, provides formulas for calculating and predicting the areas of operation of such systems that are suitable for any tank and allow calculating the power and energy characteristics of water supply systems with pneumatic tanks and frequency converters.
TECHNOLOGY OF GROWING SEEDLINGS OF QUERCUS ROBUR AND JUGLANS NIGRA IN ARID CONDITIONS
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Solonkin A.V.
Published: February 2025

The purpose of the research is to develop technologies for growing black walnut and black oak in the arid conditions of the Volgograd region on light chestnut soils and to study the effect of various types of substrates on their biometric indicators. The article provides information on the technology of growing seedlings of woody species in a nursery in arid conditions of the Volgograd region (Kamyshin): pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and black walnut (Juglans nigra L.). It was revealed that the percentage of non-vegetated lands in the region has increased by 3.4% over the past 20 years, and the amount of forest area has decreased by 0.3%, these data suggest the need to replenish the assortment and number of tree species in various types of plantations. It has been established that artificial regulation of the main environmental factors in the greenhouse makes it possible to accelerate the cultivation of planting material in nurseries. Fluctuations in the growth of oak and walnut seedlings depend on the humidity level and the period of phenophase. Timely pruning of the roots ensures the best growth and development of seedlings. It was revealed that the use of a peat and sand in a ratio of 3:1 using the planting line Mosa green is the best option for growing walnut and oak seedlings. It has been established that from 1 hectare of the school nursery department, petiolate oak and black walnut have an output of 17,000 thousand units at a 3-year growing period with a planting density of 22,000 pcs/ha, and 14,500 thousand units with a planting density of 20,000 pcs/ha at 4 years, and the quality indicators of seedlings fully comply with the standards of planting material tree and shrub species. Proper design of plantings allows for a high yield of seedlings in the school nursery department, and the watering regime can be determined by the biological characteristics of the species. The use of tools and equipment allows you to reduce the cost of manual labor and increase productivity and the number of rotations in the nursery.
CLIMATE TRANSFORMATION OF THE CENTRAL REGION OF THE NON-CHERNOZEM ZONE IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL WARMING
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Belyshkina M.E.
Published: February 2025

The article analyzed the change in the agro-climatic conditions of the Central region of the Non-chernozem zone for the period from 1981 to 2020 and established new boundaries of soybean sowing in the region. Based on the similarity of temperature and humidity conditions during the growing season, the authors identified 3 agro-climatic subzones – northern, central and southern. It was found that the temperature increase in May averaged 3-4°C. At the beginning of the analyzed period, the average monthly temperatures in May were 12.8°C in the northern agro-climatic subzone, 14.0°C in the central and 13.6°C in the southern, then by 2020 these temperature values were 16.8°C, 17.2°C and 18.9°C, respectively. In August, the average monthly temperatures also increased by an average of 2-3°C, which generally has a positive effect on ensuring favorable growing conditions for crops in general, and in particular soybeans. The amounts of active temperatures have also increased. If at the beginning of the analyzed period they averaged 1800-1950°C for the subzones, at present their values are 1900-2200°C. As a result of the analysis of the amounts of precipitation by month, it was found that in May their number increased by an average of 16-18 mm, while in August the value of this indicator decreased by an average of 20-25 mm from year to year. The shift of the northern permissible limit of soybean introduction in the European territory of the country has been established, the most suitable are the southern agroecological subzone, as well as part of the regions of the central subzone. Cultivation of soybeans of the northern ecotype, as well as semi-determinant varieties recommended for more southern regions, is recommended in this territory.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION OF PEAT SOIL
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Didmanidze O.N.
Published: February 2025

The aim of the study is to develop a mathematical model that can be used in the future to develop a computer program for forecasting the occurrence of peat fires on lands involved in agricultural circulation. A mathematical description of the spontaneous combustion process is given, which occurs according to the following scheme: the heat flow heats the surface to the ignition temperature, resulting in a self-heating zone. As a result, a combustion ( smoldering) wave is formed, which is capable of self-propagating. The methodology and laboratory equipment for studying the self-heating of peat samples are presented. The results of experimental and theoretical studies of the chemical reaction of self-heating of peat samples are analyzed. The activation energy of peat samples was determined by selecting and substituting values into equations and comparing the obtained results with the calculated ones. The results of the study made it possible to estimate a high correlation with experimental data depending on the content of total organic carbon in peat soil. Thus, the mathematical model can be used to predict the occurrence of the spontaneous combustion effect.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE DESIGN OF THE DOWNSTREAM OF A LOW-SPAN CULVERT STRUCTURE
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Chernykh O.N.
Published: February 2025

On the example of the Kursk hydraulic unit of a complex purpose, proposals are given to ensure the accident-free and reliable operation of spillway low-span structures typical for reclamation reservoirs of the agro-industrial complex of Russia. The results of laboratory design of downstream devices at the outlet section of an open three-span spillway are considered. The purpose of the research is to find technical solutions for optimal schemes of the energy damping system that prevent or reduce flow failure due to asymmetrical water discharges during the renovation of the culvert. As a result of the research, a variant of the spreading arrangement was established, which provides a favorable flow spreading at all openings of the spillway spans and safe connection with the downstream without the formation of a flow failure in comparison with the design and existing structural schemes of the culvert section. Behind the spreaders in the zone of maximum pressure deficit, it is recommended to arrange special drainage wells to optimize the parameters of the fastening plates.
NJECTION FLOW REGULATORS WITH FLAT DIFFUSERS
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Snezhko V.L.
Published: February 2025

Injection flow controllers are culverts installed on the canals of irrigation systems. A distinctive feature of these hydraulic automatics is the absence of movable elements. For the design of structures and assessment of the possibility of installation on the channel of the injection outlet with a specific form of the flow part, flow characteristics are used. Most injection outlets have a nozzle at the end of the transit portion necessary to increase the velocity of the flow entering the downstream pool, i.e. its injection capacity. The end section is equipped with a sudden expansion or diffuser. The material of the study was the data of physical modeling of the operation of the regulator with a flat diffuser in the absence of a nozzle. The positions of the interface between the streams in the mixing chamber were determined using numerical modeling methods. The flow characteristic of the regulator was built and the acceptability of the existing design relationships for determining the injected and injected flow rates of the water outlet was confirmed. Comparison of flow characteristics showed that, all other things being equal, the absence of a nozzle reduces both the injection coefficient and the relative head of the regulator. For the first time, the formation of a hydraulic jump on the cover of a flat diffuser in the intermediate pool was studied. For the first time, design relationships are given that make it possible to associate the conjugate depths in the intermediate pool with the accuracy of control, as well as recommendations are given for changing the geometric parameters of the intermediate pool based on the conditions for accurate injection of the injected flow rate.
DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMAL DIAMETER OF THE HEAT PIPE BY SOLVING THE OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Pavlov M.V.
Published: February 2025

At the design stage of engineering networks, an important issue remains the choice of diameters of the pipeline system with minimal capital investments for transporting the working medium from the source to consumers. The purpose of the study is to determine the diameter of the pipeline, which achieves maximum savings in money for the transportation of heat carrier for specified conditions. Based on the classical laws of hydraulics and heat transfer, a computational equation has been obtained using software calculations, which allows determining the diameter of a heat pipeline with an optimal ratio of monetary costs for electrical and thermal energy. The final formula takes into account such important operational parameters as heat carrier flow, pipeline roughness and local hydraulic resistances, tariffs for thermal and electrical energy, etc. Using the example of the main pipeline section of the district heating system located in the city of Vologda (Russian Federation), a software solution of the equation proposed in the article is obtained. It was found that with a mass flow rate of 32.9 t/h, the optimal diameter of the steel electric-welded pipeline is 76×3 mm. Taking into account the current tariffs for thermal and electric energy, the monetary costs of transporting the heat carrier for the heating period of the year amounted to 4912 rubles per 1 cubic meter of pipeline. For comparison, with a pipeline diameter of 57×3 mm, the unit cash costs turned out to be 7887 rubles, and with 89×3.5 mm – 5524 rubles. For the case considered in the article, the dependence between the optimal diameter of the pipeline and the mass flow rate of the heat carrier is obtained.
Analyzing Urban and Rural Water Pollution Impacts with an Integrated Ecological Governance Model Approach
Authors: He Yanjie , Sun Xiujun , Shan Nan , Qie Beibei , Wang Yiming
Published: February 2025

From the perspective of aquatic ecology, there are problems of insufficient analysis and poor governance effect on the impact and ecological governance of urban and rural water pollution. Therefore, to achieve a good water cycle, it is of great practical significance to analyze the impact of urban and rural water pollution from the perspective of aquatic ecology and study the ecological governance model. Taking a certain research area as an example, an integrated ecological governance model under the perspective of aquatic ecology is designed, including source control, pollution interception, and restoration. The impact of urban and rural water pollution on soil environment, groundwater environment, and agricultural environment is analyzed, and the change of water pollution concentration before and after application is studied. The research results show that in the soil environment of the research area, most areas are lightly polluted, two other areas (Area 3, Area 4) are heavily polluted, one area (Area 7) is moderately polluted, and one area (Area 11) is unpolluted; in terms of groundwater environment, the degree of groundwater pollution in Area 1 and Area 2 is the highest, followed by Area 3 and Area 4, then Area 7 is moderately polluted, and other areas are lightly polluted or unpolluted; in terms of agricultural environment, as the pollution degree of irrigation water source increases, the emergence rate, yield, and dry matter content of crops all show a decreasing trend, indicating that the more serious the water pollution, the more serious the impact on the agricultural environment; after applying the research method, the highest water pollution concentration has been reduced by 0.8 mg/L, and the overall data is below 1.0 mg/L, the water pollution concentration has been reduced. Through this research, it is expected to achieve in-depth ecological governance and protect the aquatic environment. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2025-06-01-04 Full Text: PDF
Survey-based exploration of menopause transition experiences of female staff employed in UK ambulance services (CESSATION Phase 2)
Authors: Prothero Larissa , Brown Shona , Noakes Tessa , Clark Allan , Foster Theresa
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Often women will experience the menopause and its associated symptoms during their working lives, and there is now an increased focus on improving menopause support offerings in the workplace. The main aim of this study was to explore the menopause transition experiences
of ambulance staff and identify workplace interventions that may offer improved support to menopausal staff within the ambulance sector.Methods: A purpose-designed, online survey was disseminated to UK ambulance services for voluntary completion between December 2021 and February
2022. Topics that were covered included participant age and role, menopause transition phase, symptoms experienced and their severity, expectation and effect of symptoms, work pattern, need for work leave and policy awareness. An opportunity for additional menopause-related comments was included.
Quantitative data analysis was performed using descriptive and exploratory statistics; qualitative data were analysed using content analysis.Results: A convenience sample of 1896 survey responses was obtained; the majority of participants self-reported to be in the menopause transition.
Pre- and peri-menopausal participants were more likely to undertake shift-based work; menopausal and post-menopausal participants were more prevalent in office-based roles. Shift-working participants reported more severe tiredness or low energy levels, hot flushes, night sweats and gastric
problems; office-working staff reported more severe issues with vaginal health, weight, skin changes and oral health. There were significant associations between role type, severity of symptom impact and need for leave from work. Recommended areas for organisational improvement to support
menopausal women in the ambulance workplace are alternative work opportunities, menopause education and training, appropriate menopause policies and guidance, expert resources and support and access to improved physical work environments.Conclusion: Women can experience menopausal
symptoms that impact their working lives; their work role and setting can influence their menopause experiences. Workplace interventions for improved menopause awareness, support and staff well-being are warranted.