bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide analysis of the strigolactone biosynthetic and signaling genes in grapevine and their response to salt and drought stresses
Authors: Yu Yanyan , Xu Jinghao , Wang Chuanyin , Pang Yunning , Li Lijian , Tang Xinjie , Li Bo , Sun Qinghua
Published: June 2022

Strigolactones (SLs) are a novel class of plant hormones that play critical roles in regulating various developmental processes and stress tolerance. Although the SL biosynthetic and signaling genes were already determined in some plants such as Arabidopsis and rice, the information of SL-related genes in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) remains largely unknown. In this study, the SL-related genes were identified from the whole grapevine genome, and their expression patterns under salt and drought stresses were determined. The results indicated that the five genes that involved in the SL biosynthesis included one each of the D27, CCD7, CCD8, MAX1 and LBO genes, as well as the three genes that involved in the SL signaling included one each of the D14, MAX2, D53 genes. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that these SL-related proteins are highly conserved among different plant species. Promoter analysis showed that the prevalence of a variety of cis-acting elements associated with hormones and abiotic stress existed in the promoter regions of these SL-related genes. Furthermore, the transcription expression analysis demonstrated that most SL-related genes are involved in the salt and drought stresses response in grapevine. These findings provided valuable information for further investigation and functional analysis of SL biosynthetic and signaling genes in response to salt and drought stresses in grapevine.
Antibiotic perturbation of gut bacteria does not significantly alter host responses to ocular disease in a songbird species
Authors: Weitzman Chava L. , Belden Lisa K. , May Meghan , Langager Marissa M. , Dalloul Rami A. , Hawley Dana M.
Published: June 2022

Bacterial communities in and on wild hosts are increasingly appreciated for their importance in host health. Through both direct and indirect interactions, bacteria lining vertebrate gut mucosa provide hosts protection against infectious pathogens, sometimes even in distal body regions through immune regulation. In house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus), the bacterial pathogen Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) causes conjunctivitis, with ocular inflammation mediated by pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and infection triggering MG-specific antibodies. Here, we tested the role of gut bacteria in host responses to MG by using oral antibiotics to perturb bacteria in the gut of captive house finches prior to experimental inoculation with MG. We found no clear support for an impact of gut bacterial disruption on conjunctival pathology, MG load, or plasma antibody levels. However, there was a non-significant trend for birds with intact gut communities to have greater conjunctival pathology, suggesting a possible impact of gut bacteria on pro-inflammatory cytokine stimulation. Using 16S bacterial rRNA amplicon sequencing, we found dramatic differences in cloacal bacterial community composition between captive, wild-caught house finches in our experiment and free-living finches from the same population, with lower bacterial richness and core communities composed of fewer genera in captive finches. We hypothesize that captivity may have affected the strength of results in this experiment, necessitating further study with this consideration. The abundance of anthropogenic impacts on wildlife and their bacterial communities, alongside the emergence and spread of infectious diseases, highlights the importance of studies addressing the role of commensal bacteria in health and disease, and the consequences of gut bacterial shifts on wild hosts.
The COHERENT Methodology in FunGramKB
Authors:   Universidad Católica San Antonio (España), Periñán-Pascual Carlos , Mairal-Usón Ricardo ,   Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España)
Published: June 2022

Recent research has been done synergistically between FunGramKB, a lexical-conceptual knowledge base, and the lexical constructional model, a linguistic meaning construction model. since concepts are claimed to play an important role in the design of the cognitive-linguistic interface, this paper discusses the methodology adopted in structuring the basic conceptual level in the FunGramKB core ontology. more particularly, we describe our four-phase coHeRenT methodology (i.e. conceptualization + Hierarchization + Remodelling + refinemenT), which guided the cognitive mapping of the defining vocabulary in longman Dictionary of contemporary english.
Análisis acústico de los marcadores discursivos a ver, bueno, claro, vale, ¿cómo? y ya
Authors:   Universidad de Concepción (Chile), Pereira Daniel Ignacio
Published: June 2022

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar los resultados del análisis fonéticopragmático aplicado a los marcadores discursivos a ver, bueno, claro, vale, ¿cómo? y ya en enunciados semiespontáneos, con el fin de determinar la existencia de patrones fonético-acústicos asociados a los significados pragmáticos de ‘enfado’, ‘asentimiento’ y ‘extrañeza’. Para lograr lo anterior se diseñó un procedimiento para la obtención de datos, los que posteriormente fueron examinados de acuerdo con la fase acústica del protocolo de análisis melódico del habla propuesto por Cantero y Font (2009). Se trata, por lo tanto, de un estudio de fonética experimental con sustento en la pragmática. Los principales resultados destacan que: a) existe un patrón fonológico para los marcadores discursivos analizados, al menos en la variedad chilena de la lengua española, conformado tonemáticamente como /- interrogativo, - suspendido, + enfático/, de acuerdo a la nomenclatura de Cantero (2002); y b) la variación en la configuración fonética suprasegmental de las unidades discursivas estudiadas está asociada con la variación del significado pragmático.
Cuestiones de norma lingüística en décimas de la insurgencia colombiana
Authors:   Universidad de Zaragoza (España), Frago Juan Antonio
Published: June 2022

Los años de conflicto bélico y social precedentes a la independencia de América continental conocieron numerosas manifestaciones literarias de signo patriótico, la décima fue uno de los medios de mayor utilidad propagandística por la carga narrativa y emocional que sus versos podían transmitir. en muchas composiciones al campesinado se le reconoce un importante papel en la épica insurgente y en la esencia nacional de las nacientes Repúblicas. Se procura, así, que el personaje popular hable en su auténtico idioma, trazándose de esta manera una dicotomía normativa, ya que de rechazo se contrapone la que sería el habla de los cultos, aunque el argumento empírico sea limitado, a veces tópico y de lindes sociolingüísticas no siempre claras. Pero la cuestión normativa para aquella época es en los textos donde principalmente debe determinarse, pues es en ellos donde laten los diferentes usos socioculturales del español, y porque a la sazón la doctrina académica era de débil cuerpo y de limitada efectividad
Obama and Bush: their victory and non-victory speeches
Authors:   Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (España), Fernández Martínez Dolores , Trujillo González Verónica Cristina ,   Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (España)
Published: June 2022

This article aims to analyse the use of the first person plural, second person and third person references in Obama’s and Bush’s victory speeches. The contrasting circumstances surrounding the election of both presidents were imprinted on discourse through different patterns of personal refe-rences (martin, 1992) and transitivity structures (Halliday, 2004 [1985]). By analysing them this paper will illustrate the social function of individuals in the speeches, as well as the way in which the systematic use of both linguistic devices contributed ultimately to define the role of the speak-ers as presidents of the United States. Whereas Obama’s victory speech centred on the audience and allowed them to feel protagonists, Bush’s anti-triumphant speech ignored them.
Diseño, implementación y evaluación de una propuesta de intervención en alfabetización académica en primer año de Pedagogía General Básica en la sede Villarrica de la UC
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Errázuriz Cruz María Constanza , Fuentes Monsalves Liliana ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: June 2022

El presente trabajo corresponde a un informe de investigación que busca mejorar los niveles de comprensión y producción de textos en los estudiantes de primer año de Pedagogía General Básica (PGB) de la Sede Villarrica de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC). Para esto se llevó a cabo una investigación-acción en la que se intervino la realidad universitaria mediante talleres con alumnos y docentes de primer año. La comprensión de texto es entendida desde una visión cognitivo-constructivista, como un proceso dinámico de construcción de representaciones coherentes e inferencias a múltiples niveles de texto y contexto, dentro de una capacidad limitada de memoria de trabajo. Se incluye también la concepción de estrategia, considerada en la ejecución de la intervención. La producción de textos es vista desde un enfoque constructivo, que propone la representación de construcciones mentales en un texto escrito por medio de los procesos de planificación, traducción, escritura y revisión; adaptado a una situación de comunicación académica. La concepción de alfabetización académica es tomada de Carlino (2005:13) y se refiere al “conjunto de nociones y estrategias necesarias para participar en la cultura discursiva de las disciplinas...”. Se revisan también algunas nociones de tipología textual, especialmente referidas al texto argumentativo, cuyo dominio es un requisito importante en la educación superior actualmente.La metodología corresponde a un modelo de investigación-acción, basado en talleres temáticos y actividades que se implementaron con estudiantes de primer año y, también, talleres periódicos sobre el desarrollo y evaluación de la comprensión lectora y la producción de texto para los docentes de primer año.Para la evaluación de la comprensión y producción de textos se usaron instrumentos propios del sistema escolar chileno. específicamente, el texto Comprehensive Assessment of Reading Strategies de la editorial Currículum para diagnosticar la comprensión y el examen de Comunicación escrita de la UC para evaluar la producción textual.
Aspectos fonéticos del proceso de velarización en las nasales del español y del catalán
Authors:   Laboratorio de Fonética, Facultad de Filología, Universidad de Barcelona (España), Fernández Planas Ana María
Published: June 2022

La producción de las nasales exige simultáneamente una oclusión dentro de la boca y una salida de aire por el canal rinofaríngeo y esta característica las distingue de las demás articulaciones de los inventarios de las lenguas. La salida de aire por la nariz es el requisito articulatorio más definitorio y permite que la oclusión bucal no precise unos requisitos tan estrictos con lo cual se puede adaptar fácilmente a la articulación siguiente cuando la nasal aparece en posición implosiva. Ante oclusiva velar es sabido que la nasal sufre un proceso de velarización y atrasa su punto de articulación hacia la parte posterior de la cavidad bucal. el presente trabajo pretende profundizar en este tipo de coarticulación en grupos consonánticos nasal + oclusiva velar para evaluar aspectos fonéticos, necesariamente alofónicos, en español y catalán. Concretamente se profundiza en el efecto de varios factores (la velocidad de habla, la ocurrencia de la nasal en sílaba tónica o átona, la presencia de una frontera morfológica o no en el grupo consonántico y la sordez-tensión o sonoridad-laxitud de la oclusiva siguiente) a partir de los datos obtenidos de tres informantes en cada lengua en diversos ítems repetidos cada uno de ellos cuatro veces y analizados mediante el electropalatógrafo WinePG. Los resultados señalan la importancia de los factores estudiados, especialmente de la tensión o la sonoridad de la oclusiva siguiente. Asimismo se constata la tendencia en habla rápida a la hipoarticulación a diferencia de lo que sucede en habla lenta, velocidad que favorece la hiperarticulación y la pérdida de la asimilación en algunas muestras de dos de los informantes. este hecho unido a la existencia de emisiones que podrían presentar un cierto tipo de asimilaciones parciales nos hace pensar que el proceso de asimilación debe ser visto más bien de forma gradual que categórica.
Ken Lodge: Fundamental Concepts in Phonology: Sameness and Difference
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Díaz Romero Camilo Enrique
Published: June 2022

No presenta resumen
Outcome Analyses of the Admitted Patients in a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit in a Resource Poor Setting: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Bora Chandra Jyoti , Bora Rashmita , Borbhuyan Suhani
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Paediatric intensive care is an indispensible part in the management of critically ill children. Facilities for intensive care are sparse in low income countries requiring strict admission criteria. Adequate data generation regarding the profile of patients, outcomes and identification of the risk factor for poor prognosis can help in appropriate utilisation of this specialised care. Aim: To analyse the outcome of admissions in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of a tertiary care centre in upper Assam and identification of risk factors for poor prognosis. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out at the PICU of Assam Medical College Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam, India, from March 2019 to April 2020. Data collected were -demographic details of the admitted children, the outcome and the risk factors affecting the mortality. Statistical methods used were Odds Ratio (OR), simple proportion test, Chi-square test and Relative Risk (RR) estimation with 95% confidence intervals, backward and forward logistic regression. Results: Total 495 children were enrolled in the study. The three most common disease categories were neurological disease (33.3%), respiratory disease (31.1%), and sepsis (10.7%). The overall mortality was 17.8%. Diseases related to the nervous system were the leading cause of death (38.6%). Highest mortality (43.2%) was in the age group of 1 month to 1 year. Highest disease specific mortality was due to Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (28.4%). Presence of circulatory shock, Poor Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) (GCS<8), hypoxia, dyselectrolytemia, malnutrition, renal failure, and requirement of ionotropic support, mechanical ventilation were significantly associated with mortality with p value<0.05. Conclusion: Mortality rate (17.7%) was relatively high. Requirement of mechanical ventilation and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), use of inotropes, GCS ≤8, malnutrition, renal failure, dyselectrolytemia, hypoxia and sepsis were associated with increased mortality. Circulatory shock, requirement of CPR and mechanical ventilation were the independent predictors of mortality.
Influence of Aquatic Plants and Flow Rate on Physico-chemical Characteristics of Sewage Effluent Treated through Constructed Wetland Technology
Authors: Suganya K. , Kumar Joneboina Easwar , Jayashree R. , Sebastian S. Paul
Published: June 2022

Aims: To evaluate the influence of aquatic plants and flow rate on physico-chemical properties of sewage effluent with constructed wetland technology.

Study Design: Randomized block design

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 03 and June 2020 – Dec 2020

Methodology: Constructed wetland (CW) model was designed and three different aquatic plants viz., Canna indica, Arundo donax, and Xanthosoma sagittifolium were used for the study. Two different flow rates viz., 5ml/min and 10 ml/min were compared for assessing their influence in treating sewage effluent in the constructed wetlands.  

Results: Among the aquatic plants, the pollutants like BOD, COD,TDS and TSS in the sewage effluent were declined and found to be 320, 1220, 666, 22 mg L-1 in Canna indica and 340, 1380, 866, 36 mg L-1 in Xanthosoma sagittifolium and 340, 1380, 866, 36 mg L-1 in Typha angustifolia utilized treatments at flow rates 5 ml/min respectively during 7th day retention time. Similar decreasing trend was observed in BOD, COD, TDS and TSS of the sewage effluent at flow rates of 10 ml/min.

Conclusion: Based on the study, it was evident that constructed wetland (CW) with Canna indica, Xanthosoma sagittifolium and Typha angustifolia found to perform better under flow rate of 5 ml/min for treating sewage effluent at the retention time of 7 days.
Isolation and Identification of Toxigenic Aspergillus species Associated with Sorghum Grains and Locally Brewed Beer (Burkutu) in Bukuru Metropolis of Jos South Local Government Area, Nigeria
Authors: Chiamaka Ekemezie, Success , Joshua Gusen, Nanret , Tochukwu Okoye, Clifford , Sani Modibbo, Musa , Patience O. Nwadiaro,
Published: June 2022

Aim: This study is aimed at Isolating and Identifying the Toxigenic Aspergillus species Associated With Sorghum Grains and Locally Brewed Beer (Burkutu) in Bukuru Metropolis of Jos South Local Government Area, Nigeria.

Methodology: Sorghum grains and locally brewed beer (Burkutu) were collected from three different locations; Gyel, Kugiya, and Doruwa Market of Bukuru Metropolis of Jos South Local Government Area, and Screened for their fungal and total aflatoxin level. The grains were blended for 30 seconds using a high-speed blender. 1 gram of the blended sorghum and 1ml of the Burkutu sample (local beer) were cultured into freshly prepared PDA supplemented with 0.5mg/ml of gentamycin and streptomycin to suppress bacterial growth. This was then incubated at a temperature of 37°C for 72 hours after which various fungi colonies were observed and counted with a colony counter. The fungi isolated were further sub-cultured to obtain pure cultures after which they were classified using conidial morphology as obtained from microscopy. Lactophenol cotton blue mount was also carried out to identify the exact fungi with reference to a mycological atlas. The colony-forming unit for each sample was determined, and the Aflatoxin test was carried out using a Mycotoxin kit (the Rida Quick Scan method) to determine the Total aflatoxin level.

Results: The Aspergillus species found in both Sorghum grains and Burkuru (local beer) were: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus fumigatus. For sorghum grains, Aspergillus niger had the highest frequency of occurrence (42.86%) while Aspergillus flavus & Aspergillus fumigatus occurred equally with (28.57%) respectively. Aspergillus flavus had the highest frequency of occurrence in Burkutu (50%), followed by Aspergillus niger (33.33%) and the least was Aspergillus fumigatus (16.67%). The highest aflatoxin level for grains was detected in Kugiya which had (3.6 parts per billion) followed by the grain sample from Gyel which had (3.0 Ppb) and the least was Doruwa (2.8 Ppb). Burkutu had the highest total level of aflatoxin (3.1Ppb) in the sample from Gyel, followed by Burkutu from Doruwa (2.6 Ppb) and the least was from Kugiya (2.4 Ppb).

Conclusion: Both the sorghum grains and Locally Brewed Beer (Burkutu) collected from the Bukuru Metropolis of Jos South Local Government Area, Nigeria were significantly contaminated by the toxigenic Aspergillus species. This indicates possible health hazards for humans and animals ingesting these substances. However, effective screening of these grains for aflatoxins is advocated to ensure the safety of both grains and their products.
Fair Value Accounting and Investment Decisions in Nigerian Listed Companies
Authors: Wisdom Okere , Grace Offiaeli Amarachukwu , Rufai Oluwatobi , Adeshola Adebayo Mobolaji
Published: June 2022

The research studied the link between fair value accounting and investment decisions in listed firms in Nigeria. The research examined 17 listed firms from diverse sectors and collected information from their annual reports from 2012 to 2018. To achieve the research objective, the study made use of trend analysis. Also, the data was evaluated using panel regression analysis. The data analysis has revealed that fair value accounting has a negative but significant relationship with shareholders investing decisions. The paper consequently proposes that academics undertake further investigations and experiments on this topic by examining new metrics both for fair value accounting and for investment choices.
Effectiveness of Oral Probiotics in Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants
Authors: Ahmed Naheem , Siddique Tayyaba , Aftab Muhammad , Ahmed Kiran Ashfaq , Mateen Amna , Bibi Rashada
Published: June 2022

Objective: To determine the efficacy of probiotics in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants.

Materials And Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at the paediatric department of CMH Muzaffarabad AJK. All preterm bottle and NG-fed neonates with an age of more than 24 hours and both genders were included. All the study subjects were divided into two groups randomly as group-A and group-B.  Group-A was given probiotics (named Bifidobacterium prophylactically, hiflora, or gutcare, one sachet per day), while in Group-B probiotics were not given. All the cases were taken under observation. If they needed any critical or intensive care, they were excluded from the study and other treatments were given as per hospital protocol. Patients were followed for 7 days. Efficacy in both groups was measured in terms of no occurrence of NEC during one week. All related data was collected on a study proforma.

Results: The average age of the neonates in the probiotic group was 11.77 \(\pm\) 6.52 days, and in the control group it was 13.41 \(\pm\) 6.86 days. There were 42.1% boys and 57.9% girls were in the probiotic group, while 54% of males and 46% of females were in the control group. The frequency of NEC was statistically higher in control group 28 (11.9%) compared to the probiotic group 5 (2.1%), indicating the oral probiotic showed significant efficacy (p- 0.001).

Conclusion: Oral probiotics have been found to be efficacious, noninvasive, and beneficial in the prevention of NEC. Probiotics must be utilized to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm newborns in the future, in order to lessen the associated complications and infant mortality.
Costus afer Ker Gawl (Costaceae): A Review on Its Medicinal uses with Focus on Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effect
Authors: Divengi Jean-Paul Nzambi , Idrissa Assumani Zabo , Kabasele Dorah Mwenyi , Mbuyi Patience Lunkondo , Walle Innocent Shongo , Lesse Victorine Mbo , Kiala Randy Isaya , Nzinga Philipe Sansi , Bongo Richard Mananga , Ntezolo John Za nza , Mukeba Florent Biduaya , Longo Benjamin Mbenza , Mutwale Paulin Kapepula , Mesia Gauthier Kahungu , Tona Gaston Lutete
Published: June 2022

More than 80% of the population in Africa by the World Health Organization (WHO) leans on endogenous knowledge to solve their primary health care problems. In this study, we examined the relevance of Costus afer Ker Gawl, a plant called ginger lily, spiral ginger or bush cane. It is believed to be used in traditional medicine practice (TMP) to treat and manage many conditions including diabetes mellitus, stomach ailments, arthritis, inflammation. These alleged traditional incited large researchers to conduct studies on the plant to amass scientific evidence. However, these results are sparse, and thus, an inventory through the present search using online search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus and Chemical Abstracts for the period from 1990 to 2021; provides a bibliographic actualization on the plant, taking into account its traditional uses, phytochemical and nutritional constituents, pharmacological activities and toxicological effects. The online search included the use of the keywords, "Costus afer Ker-Gawl" or "Costus afer". It should be noted that the stem and leaves of the plant contain consistent amounts of micronutrients and macronutrients. The leaves, stem, rhizomes of C. afer contain several steroidal sapogenins, aferosides, dioscin and paryphyllin C and a flavonoid glycoside, kaempferol-3-O- \(\alpha\)-L-rhamnopyranoside. Experimental studies on various parts of the plant have shown biological activities such as anti-hyperglycemic, hepatocellular protection, cardioprotection, nephroprotection, CNS depressant, analgesic, antiarthritis, antibacterial and antioxidant. This wide range of biological properties of Costus afer Ker Gawl would be largely attributed to the essential oil compounds such as Sabinene, \(\beta\) -pinene and \(\beta\) -caryophyllene which are among the major compounds of this plant. Based on these obvious data, it is concluded that the plant could be used as an alternative and complementary therapy for many diseases related to oxidative stress so will guide us future research on the use of Costus afer Ker Gawl as an anti-inflammatory.
Evaluation of Visual Acuity among Commercial Motorcyclists (Okada Riders) in the Main Campus of Abia State University Uturu Abia State Nigeria
Authors: Ubani C. D. , Amah A. K. , Ofoegbu Cosmas Chidozie , Ugboaja Chijioke, I.
Published: June 2022

The visual ability of road users is fundamental to traffic safety. Despite the high burden of traffic crashes and associated mortality in low-income countries such as Nigeria, evidence for an association between vision function and traffic safety outcomes is scarce. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the visual acuity of commercial motorcyclists operating within the main campus of Abia State University, Uturu. Two hundred operators who had been on the job for at least one year constituted the test population, while staff and students of Abia State University, Uturu, who were sex and aged-matched and who are not commercial motor cyclists constituted the control group. Data were obtained with the aid of a structured questionnaire and clinical examinations were carried out by standard procedures. Results showed that Snellen’s fraction which is a indicator of visual acuity for the left eye of control and test groups  was recorded as 0.98+- 0.30 and 0.88+- 0.35 respectively and for the right eyes 0.99+- 0.10 and 0.87+- 0.50 respectively. Only 38% of test group had normal visual acuity of 6/6 compared to 73% of control. Visual acuity correlated negatively with age for the left (r = - 0.712) and right (r = - 0.740) eyes as well as with length of service for left (r = -0.623 and right (r = - 0.632) eyes of motorcyclist operators. In conclusion, visual acuity was inversely proportional to age and length of service.
Antipsychotic factors related to time to competency for forensic inpatients in a state psychiatric facility
Authors: Lemons Amber , Iuppa Courtney A. , Kriz Carrie R. , Diefenderfer Lauren A. , Nelson Leigh Anne , Lang Shelby E. , Elliott Ellie S. R. , Moon Joseph , Sommi Roger W.
Published: June 2022

Introduction

A defendant who is deemed incompetent to stand trial may go through competency restoration consisting of mental health treatment and legal education. Antipsychotics are often used in treatment; however, there is little data examining their role.

Methods

This retrospective study included subjects opined competent to stand trial from July 2016 to February 2020 and prescribed an antipsychotic. The primary outcome was difference in time to competency between antipsychotics. Secondary outcomes included difference in time to competency between groups of antipsychotics, difference in length of stay after opined competent based on medication availability in jail, individual antipsychotics, and formulations.

Results

There were 117 subjects included for analysis. There were no differences in time to competency between individual antipsychotics, first- and second-generation antipsychotics, or formulations. Length of stay after opined competent was significantly longer for subjects who were prescribed a long-acting injectable antipsychotic (103 days vs 56 days), who were not able to receive their antipsychotic in jail (104 days vs 54 days), or who were prescribed any formulation of paliperidone compared with olanzapine (88 days vs 35 days).

Discussion

Since there were no differences in time to competency, patient-specific factors should be used to choose an agent for competency restoration. Length of stay differences are likely related to the antipsychotic access differences between jails and state psychiatric facilities. Therefore, policies related to antipsychotic access should better align between state psychiatric facilities and jails to improve the capacity of the system and provide better care.
Differentiating probable nitrofurantoin-induced drug fever from antipsychotic-induced hyperthermia in a patient receiving clozapine
Authors: Vickery Stephen B. , Burch Andrew D. , Vickery P. Brittany
Published: June 2022

Nitrofurantoin (NIT) is a commonly utilized antibiotic for the treatment of UTIs. Although well tolerated, NIT is not without potential adverse reactions. This case report details the observation of probable NIT-induced drug fever in a patient receiving clozapine. A 61-year-old female with treatment-refractory schizoaffective disorder was admitted to a psychiatric unit with paranoia and auditory hallucinations, prompting clozapine initiation during day 1 of hospitalization. Due to worsening hallucinations and anxiety, antibiotic therapy with NIT for a presumed UTI was initiated 8 days after admission. Febrile episodes were observed beginning on hospital day (HD) 9, leading to concern for possible neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), which led to clozapine discontinuation. The patient received a total of 3 doses of NIT with continued fever until discontinuation on HD 10. No further complications were encountered, and clozapine was safely resumed on HD 13. Although sparsely described in the medical literature, occurrences of drug fever attributable to NIT are previously reported. A review of the medical literature identified only 5 previously published articles specific to NIT-induced drug fever, none of which specified interruptions of psychotropic therapy for a patient with acute psychiatric decompensation. This case highlights the differential diagnosis of fever related to NIT in a patient receiving clozapine when NMS was initially suspected.
Identifying olanzapine induced liver injury in the setting of acute hepatitis C: A case report
Authors: Brelje Andrea , Fay Bailey , Mariouw Scott , VandenBerg Amy
Published: June 2022

Olanzapine is linked to asymptomatic, transient elevations of liver aminotransferases but is historically thought to rarely cause significant hepatotoxicity. Underlying liver disease is a risk factor for drug-induced liver injury and may complicate the differential diagnosis of acute transaminitis in patients taking medications associated with hepatotoxicity. Ms L presented with 2 months of new psychotic symptoms resulting in hospitalizations. Although psychosis previously improved with haloperidol, she reported symptoms concerning for akathisia. Restlessness improved and psychotic symptoms resolved after initiation of olanzapine. Concurrently, her alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was elevated, prompting further workup and new diagnosis of acute hepatitis C. Over the course of hospitalization, her ALT increased exponentially. Initially attributed solely to acute hepatitis C infection, ALT rapidly decreased after holding olanzapine, implying it was contributing to her liver injury. Subsequently, given her prior response, haloperidol was retrialed with close monitoring for adverse effects. Her subjective restlessness was treated with additional agents, and she was then transitioned to monthly haloperidol decanoate injections to further assist her adherence. Prior to discharge, she had resolution of psychosis and transaminitis. Olanzapine may contribute to hepatotoxicity with concurrent viral hepatitis, and clarity can be obtained by a trial of stopping the suspected medication. Furthermore, olanzapine, when combined with underlying liver disease, may have an additive effect on liver injury, resulting in accelerated elevations in liver aminotransferases.
Lithium toxicity following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: Mini review and illustrative case
Authors: Ayub Shahana , Saboor Sundas , Usmani Sadia , Javed Sana , Tonpouwo Gauvain Kankeu , Ahmed Saeed
Published: June 2022

Lithium is among the mainstays of treatment for bipolar disorder. Bariatric surgery can considerably change the oral bioavailability of drugs, particularly lithium. In this review, a 36-year-old male patient is described, who presented with lithium toxicity, including neurologic and gastric symptoms after undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The mechanism of lithium toxicity is discussed; recommendations for clinicians regarding lithium use in postsurgical patients are provided; and previous case reports of lithium toxicity post-gastric bypass surgery are analyzed. Awareness and education of lithium absorption changes postbariatric surgery is essential for optimal patient care. Close clinical and drug concentration level monitoring is warranted.
TheW/SeCys‐FdhABformate dehydrogenase fromDesulfovibriovulgarisHildenborough
Authors: Oliveira Ana R , Mota Cristiano , Romão Maria J , Pereira Inês AC
Published: June 2022

The W/SeCys‐FdhAB formate dehydrogenase fromDesulfovibrio vulgarisHildenborough is a dimeric periplasmic enzyme that catalyzes the reversible oxidation of formate and reduction of CO2. It belongs to the group of metal‐dependent FDHs, with a tungsten at the active site coordinated by two pyranopterin guanine dinucleotides, a selenocysteine, and one labile sulfur atom. FdhAB has a remarkably high activity and unusual tolerance to oxygen, making it an ideal model system to study biological CO2reduction.
Patterns of myelinated nerve fibers loss in transthyretin amyloid polyneuropathy and mimics
Authors: Du Kang , Chu Xujun , Tang Yuwei , Zhao Xutong , Yu Meng , Zheng Yiming , Deng Jianwen , Lv He , Zhang Wei , Wang Zhaoxia , Yuan Yun , Meng Lingchao
Published: June 2022

Objective

The present study was intended to analyze the characteristics of myelinated nerve fibers density (MFD) of transthyretin amyloid polyneuropathy (ATTR‐PN) and other similar neuropathies.

Methods

A total of 41 patients with ATTR‐PN, 58 patients of other common peripheral neuropathies, and 17 age‐and gender‐matched controls who visited the First Hospital of Peking University and performed sural nerve biopsy between June 2007 and August 2021 were included for analysis of MFD.

Results

Except the vasculitic neuropathy group, the total and small MFD of patients in the ATTR‐PN group were significantly lower than those of other disease groups. There was an obvious negative correlation between the total MFD and the disease course in the ATTR‐PN group. The disease course of early‐onset and late‐onset symptoms was similar, but the loss of large myelinated nerve fibers (MF) was more severe for the latter. In addition, all late‐onset and most early‐onset patients had severely reduced MFD after a 2 years' disease course. The MFD in ATTR‐PN patients was negatively correlated with Neuropathy Impairment Score (NIS) and Norfolk Quality of life‐diabetic neuropathy (Norfolk QOL‐DN) score.

Conclusion

MF is lost differently in ATTR‐PN and in other common peripheral neuropathies. The late‐onset and early‐onset ATTR‐PN patients have different patterns of loss of large and small MF.
AATOD's five‐year plan focuses on need to increase access
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2022

When the American Association for the Treatment of Opioid Dependence (AATOD) released its five‐year plan for 2022‐26 last month, opioid treatment programs (OTPs) were already on the brink of massive changes, which some call reform, and others call deregulations. The AATOD and OTPs embrace most of these changes, because they benefit patients and providers alike, freeing up more space for treatment with methadone as well as comprehensive services during an opioid overdose crisis that seems to have no end.
Indivior moves to next phase in cannabis use disorder medication
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2022

Indivior, the owner of Suboxone and Subutex brands of buprenorphine for the treatment of opioid use disorder, is now enrolling patients in the next phase of its study of the medication currently called AEF0117 for the treatment of cannabis use disorder (CUD). The medication is the result of a collaboration between Richmond, Virgina‐based Indivior and Slough, England‐based Aelis Farma. The medication is a synthetic that is “engineered to inhibit the cannabinoid type 1 receptor,” according to a press release announcing the Phase 2b study.
Brain Tumor Cell Membrane‐Coated Lanthanide‐Doped Nanoparticles for NIR‐IIb Luminescence Imaging and Surgical Navigation of Glioma
Authors: Wang Zijun , Zhang Meng , Chi Siyu , Zhu Mengting , Wang Caixia , Liu Zhihong
Published: June 2022

Intraoperative visualization of the full extent of brain tumor by luminescence imaging helps to improve the degree and accuracy of brain tumor resection, thereby prolonging the survival of patients. However, the limited imaging depth and spatial resolution and the poor blood‐brain barrier (BBB) permeability of most currently available luminescent probes restrict the imaging performance and surgical resection efficiency of brain tumor. Here, a brain tumor cell membrane‐coated lanthanide‐doped nanoparticles (CC‐LnNPs) in the near‐infrared‐IIb window (NIR‐IIb, 1500–1700 nm) is designed for brain tumor imaging and surgical navigation. The coating of brain tumor cell membrane endows CC‐LnNPs with immune escape, BBB crossing, and homotypic targeting abilities, which are inherited from the source brain tumor cells. In addition, compared with clinically approved imaging agent indocyanine green, CC‐LnNPs present higher temporal and spatial resolution, higher stability, and lower background signals, enabling clear visualization of the brain tumor boundary. With the guidance of NIR‐IIb fluorescence, the glioma tissue (size < 3 mm, depth > 3 mm) could be clearly visualized and completely removed as a proof of concept. This study offers new insight for the future design of nanoprobe to image brain tumor and to achieve precise diagnosis and surgical navigation of brain tumor.
Thermally Stable Red‐Emitting Mixed Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals Enabled by Solid Reaction and Co‐Doping Process
Authors: Tian Shuyu , Zhou Xianfeng , Bi Chenghao , Sun Xuejiao , Zhang Mengqi , Yang Shixu , Tian Jianjun
Published: June 2022

Rapid performance degradation as temperature increases for metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) greatly restricts the practical application for lighting and display. This problem is even more grievous for the mixed‐halide perovskite NCs because of severe ions migration. Here, a solid‐reaction process in the N2 atmosphere is devised, in which the red‐emitting (631 nm wavelength) mixed halide CsPbBr1.5I1.5 NCs with a coating of SiO2 shell are achieved. Meanwhile, the Zn2+ and K+ ions are co‐doped into the crystal lattice to enhance the radiative decay rate and decrease the trap density of the NCs. The photoluminescence quantum yield of the co‐doped NCs reaches 64.5%, which is one of the highest values for the reported mixed‐halide perovskite NCs obtained by the solid reaction. Importantly, the dopant of K+ enters into the interstitial position of the perovskite structure to increase the structural rigidity, which inhibits exciton–phonon interaction and elevates thermal activation energy, thus improving thermal quenching resistance to sustain high emission intensity at high temperature (>353 K). Furthermore, the red backlight emitting diode based on the NCs exhibits no decay in luminescence intensity after continuous operation for 700 h at 353 K, representing remarkable stability for the commercial application.
Adapting the CROPGRO‐faba bean model to simulate the growth and development of Amaranthus species
Authors: Nkebiwe Peteh Mehdi , Boote Ken , Pflugfelder Annegret , Munz Sebastian , Graeff‐Hönninger Simone
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study was to adapt the CROPGRO model to simulate growth and development processes of Amaranthus spp. under central European conditions. In 2017 and 2018, two field experiments with two amaranth cultivars (grain type, A. hypochondriacus L. Neuer Typ [NT]; fodder type, A. caudatus L. K63 [K63]) were conducted in southern Germany. Based on experimental and literature data, parameter coefficients that drive physiological processes at species, cultivar, and ecotype levels were calibrated to predict the time series experimental observations of various growth and development traits. Statistical evaluation of the model adaptation was performed using root mean square error (RMSE, in variable units, 0 equals perfect fit) and the Willmott agreement index (d‐Stat., range from 0 to 1, 1 equals perfect fit). For NT and K63, respectively, the model adaptation led to accurate predictions of canopy height (RMSE, 0.07 and 0.24 m; d‐Stat.,0.98 and 0.92), panicle weight (RMSE, 2,034 and 1,153 kg ha–1; d‐Stat., 0.92 and 0.94), panicle harvest index (RMSE, 0.05 and 0.06; d‐Stat., 0.99 and 0.96), leaf N concentration (RMSE, 0.38 and 0.40%; d‐Stat., 0.94 and 0.92) and aboveground biomass (RMSE, 2,948 and 2,572 kg ha–1; d‐Stat., 0.88 and 0.91). In summary, the CROPGRO model was successfully adapted for Amaranthus spp. The adapted model can be further improved as it is made available for evaluation in different locations and environments including limited soil N supply.
Bubbles help male flowers overcome obstacles during pollination in Hydrilla verticillata
Authors: Huang Lan‐Jie
Published: June 2022

Premise

Pollination in many aquatic plants takes place on the water surface, and the male flowers or stamens often produce gas bubbles underwater; however, the generation mechanism and function of these bubbles are unknown.

Methods

A common submerged plant, Hydrilla verticillata, was used as experimental material to observe the structure of male flowers, analyze the process of bubble generation, and simulate the movement process of the male flower with attached gas bubble in water.

Results

The aerenchyma inside the male plants of H. verticillata transported the gas produced by the plant's branches during photosynthesis to the male flower, and the formed gas bubbles became attached to the edge of the perianth. The gas accumulation rate in the attached bubbles increased with light intensity. Once the bubble diameter increased to approximately 3.3 mm, the male flowers with the bubble detached from the plant and floated to the water surface. The removal of the attached bubbles did not affect the male flower detached from the plant; however, the surfacing of male flowers without gas bubbles was easily prevented by the plant's branches in the water, and they could not reach the water surface to complete pollen dispersal.

Conclusions

The gas bubbles produced by male flowers of H. verticillata came from the gas produced by branches under light. These bubbles can help ascending male flowers bypass the obstacles in water and reach the surface to complete pollination.
Synthesis of an injectable heparin conjugated poloxamer hydrogel with high elastic recoverability for temporomandibular joint disorders
Authors: Deliogullari Buse , Ilhan‐Ayisigi Esra , Cakmak Betul , Saglam‐Metiner Pelin , Kaya Nusret , Coskun‐Akar Gulcan , Yesil‐Celiktas Ozlem
Published: June 2022

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is commonly affected during fundamental oral activities, reducing the quality of life. Herein, we synthesized a heparin‐conjugated poloxamer hydrogel (HEP) as a thermo‐responsive injectable hydrogel for the treatment of TMJ disorders. While the gelation temperature of synthesized HEP (25% [w/v]) was 29.8–30.0°C, there was a slight difference between loss and storage modulus. HEP decreased the friction of the TMJ, thus requires less energy during load‐bearing jaw movement in comparison to POL. Moreover, the oscillation test dependent on strain ranges from 0.01% to 1000% validated that POL and HEP3 hydrogels showed a similar critical strain of about 5.6%. The total elastic recovery percentage of HEP3 (53.50%) was higher than POL (45.55%), indicating a better recovery of the deformed hydrogel structure. Along with the suitable viscoelastic properties for temporomandibular cavity, both hydrogels increased the proliferation of fibroblasts (L929) and chondrocytes (ATDC5) (cell viabilities were above 100%). However, newly synthesized HEP induced differentiated cell proliferation of chondrogenic cells at increasing concentrations up to 0.0156 mg/mL (p < 0.0001) compared to POL and the control group. The promising rheological properties and effects on chondrogenic cell proliferation of injectable heparin‐conjugated hydrogel make them candidates for intra‐articular injections used for the treatment of TMJ.
The immunolocalization of HIF‐2α, GLUT1 and CAIX in porcine oviduct during the estrous cycle
Authors: Párraga‐Ros Ester , Latorre‐Reviriego Rafael , Aparicio‐González Mónica , Boronat‐Belda Talía , López‐Albors Octavio
Published: June 2022

Oxygen (O2) rates in the oviduct are essential to human and animal reproduction. These rates are regulated by the activity of hypoxia markers such as the hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs), the glucose transporters (GLUT), and the carbonic anhydrase (CA). In the porcine model, scarce studies have been reported regarding these markers and their effects in reproduction are unknown. The objective was to characterize the immunolocalization of HIF‐2α, GLUT1, and CAIX in porcine oviducts throughout the estrous cycle. Oviducts (ampulla and isthmus) of adult sows (n = 45) were collected for histological and immunohistochemical analysis with HIF‐2α, GLUT1, and CAIX markers. The percentage of immunopositive area was quantified, and the differences among phases of the estrous cycle were analyzed (folicular, early luteal, and late luteal). The three markers showed epithelial presence mainly. Significantly lower expression of HIF‐2α was found in the luteal phases, especially in the isthmus. GLUT1 expression did not change throughout the estrous cycle, but differences were found between the ampulla and isthmus. CAIX expression showed the highest, with a significant downward trend throughout estrous cycle. The ubiquitous expression of hypoxia markers shows the porcine oviduct physiology in relation to O2. The differential expression of HIF‐2α, GLUT1, and CAIX in different subcompartments of the oviduct throughout the estrous cycle contributes to improve the knowledge of the cell physiology of the oviduct, which can be useful in fertilization studies.
From participation roles to socio‐emotional information roles: Insights from the closure of an online community
Authors: Karanasios Stan , Zorina Aljona
Published: June 2022

This study examines what happens when an online community (OC) platform is shut down. In particular, it builds on recent interest from information science on everyday life information seeking, providing insights into the socio‐emotional roles enacted by users following community closure. A qualitative study is undertaken on 12 months of social media comments relating to the closure of an OC platform. We identify and discuss the socio‐emotional information roles that manifest, and present a model of their relationship to different aspects of the closure. We make theoretical connections between the notion of socio‐emotional information roles and both the information behavior and practice literature, as well as research on community and participant roles. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.