bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanoproteomic analysis of extracellular receptor kinase‐1/2 post‐translational activation in microdissected human hyperplastic colon lesions
Authors: Drew David A. , Devers Thomas , Horelik Nicole , Yang Shi , O'Brien Michael , Wu Rong , Rosenberg Daniel W.
Published: March 2013

Oncogenic activation resulting in hyperproliferative lesions within the colonic mucosa has been identified in putative precancerous lesions, aberrant crypt foci (ACF). KRAS and BRAF mutation status was determined in 172 ACF identified in the colorectum of screening subjects by in situ high‐definition, magnifying chromoendoscopy. Lesions were stratified according to histology (serrated vs. distended). Due to their limiting size, however, it was not technically feasible to examine downstream signaling consequences of these oncogenic mutations. We have combined ultraviolet‐infrared (UV/IR) microdissection with an ultrasensitive nanofluidic proteomic immunoassay (NIA) to enable accurate quantification of posttranslational modifications to mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) in total protein lysates isolated from hyperproliferative crypts and adjacent normal mucosa. Using this approach, levels of singly and dually (activated) phosphorylated isoforms of extracellular receptor kinase(ERK)‐1 and ERK‐2 were quantified in samples containing as little as 16 ng of total protein recovered from <200 cells. ERK activation is responsible for observed hyperplasia found in these early lesions, but is not directly dependent on KRAS and/or BRAF mutation status. This study describes the novel use of a sensitive nanofluidic platform to measure oncogene‐driven proteomic changes in diminutive lesions and highlights the advantage of this approach over classical immunohistochemistry‐based analyses.
Gold‐Nanoparticle‐Decorated Boron Nitride Nanosheets: Structure and Optical Properties
Authors: Singhal Sunil K. , Kumar Veeresh , Stalin K. , Choudhary Amit , Teotia Satish , Reddy Gade B. , Mathur Rakesh B. , Singh Surinder P. , Pasricha Renu
Published: March 2013

Synergetic cooperation of individual components of the nanocomposites (NCs) is responsible for their novel properties that lead to various technological applications. A simple chemical process depicting the deposition of functionalized gold nanoparticles on the surface of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) in solution is reported. The structure, chemical composition, and optical properties of nanosheets are systematically studied. The deposition of Au nanoparticles on BNNS (BNNSAu) results in plasmonic band modulation, thus altering the optoelectronic properties of BNNSs. The intense surface plasmon absorption band of BNNSAu is narrowed and red‐shifted relative to the absorption band of as synthesized monometallic BNNSs. The observations reflect the strong interfacial interaction between BNNS and Au nanoparticles. This approach constitutes a basis for a simple process leading to the preparation of functionalized BNNSs and their utilization as nanoscale templates for assembly and integration with other nanoscale materials for futuristic optoelectronic devices.
Mechanical Characteristics and Thermal Decomposition Behavior of Polytetrahydrofuran Binder using Glycerol Propoxylate (Mn=260) as Crosslinking Agent
Authors: Kohga Makoto
Published: March 2013

Polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF) is an effective binder ingredient for improving propellant performance, even though it is not an energetic material. PTHF becomes sufficiently rubbery for use as a binder when a triol material such as glycerin is added as a crosslinking modifier. The cured PTHF/glycerin binder had unsatisfactory mechanical characteristics for use as a propellant binder, so a more appropriate crosslinking modifier than glycerin needs to be found. In this study, glycerol propoxylate (GPO), with a molecular weight of 260, was used as a crosslinking modifier, and the curing behavior, tensile properties, and thermal decomposition behaviors of the PTHF binder using GPO were investigated. The PTHF/GPO blend did not solidify when the PTHF/GPO mole ratio (ξ) was greater than a certain value. The PTHF (Mn=650)/GPO blend with ξ≤5 and the PTHF (Mn=1400)/GPO blend with ξ≤3 were used as propellant binders. From the curing behaviors and tensile properties, it was found that the PTHF/GPO binders ensured optimal mixing of the propellant ingredients and casting of the uncured propellant into the rocket motor case, and the tensile properties of the binders changed more drastically with the variation in ξ than did those of the PTHF/glycerin binders. The thermal decomposition behaviors of the PTHF/GPO binders were hardly dependent on ξ and were almost identical to those of the PTHF/glycerin binders.
Contributions of water transfer energy to protein‐ligand association and dissociation barriers: Watermap analysis of a series of p38α MAP kinase inhibitors
Authors: Pearlstein Robert A. , Sherman Woody , Abel Robert
Published: March 2013

In our previous work, we proposed that desolvation and resolvation of the binding sites of proteins can serve as the slowest steps during ligand association and dissociation, respectively, and tested this hypothesis on two protein‐ligand systems with known binding kinetics behavior. In the present work, we test this hypothesis on another kinetically‐determined protein‐ligand system—that of p38α and eight Type II BIRB 796 inhibitor analogs. The kon values among the inhibitor analogs are narrowly distributed (104 ≤ kon ≤ 105 M−1 s−1), suggesting a common rate‐determining step, whereas the koff values are widely distributed (10−1 ≤ koff ≤ 10−6 s−1), suggesting a spectrum of rate‐determining steps. We calculated the solvation properties of the DFG‐out protein conformation using an explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulation and thermodynamic analysis method implemented in WaterMap to predict the enthalpic and entropic costs of water transfer to and from bulk solvent incurred upon association and dissociation of each inhibitor. The results suggest that the rate‐determining step for association consists of the transfer of a common set of enthalpically favorable solvating water molecules from the binding site to bulk solvent. The rate‐determining step for inhibitor dissociation consists of the transfer of water from bulk solvent to specific binding site positions that are unfavorably solvated in the apo protein, and evacuated during ligand association. Different sets of unfavorable solvation are evacuated by each ligand, and the observed dissociation barriers are qualitatively consistent with the calculated solvation free energies of those sets.
Covalent organic frameworks and their metal nanoparticle composites: Prospects for hydrogen storage
Authors: Kalidindi Suresh Babu , Fischer Roland A.
Published: March 2013

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are microporous crystalline organic frameworks with large specific surface areas. The area of COFs is rapidly developing in the direction of finding potential applications in fields like gas storage, photovoltaics, and catalysis. With respect to hydrogen storage, at first glance, COFs possess all the advantages of metal‐organic frameworks (surface area, pore volume, rigidity of the structure). In addition, since the molecular frameworks of COFs are composed of light elements (C, Si, B, and O), these materials have exceptionally low densities. Due to this advantage, a lot of research activity (both theoretical and experimental) was reported in the recent literature on hydrogen‐storage properties of COFs. Also, several strategies were suggested for enhancing H2‐storage capacities of COFs at cryogenic as well as room temperatures. In this feature article, we broadly discuss the scope of COFs as hydrogen storage media and also review the strategies suggested for enhanced room‐temperature hydrogen‐storage properties. Further, the concept of “spillover” is reviewed critically in metal@COFs and metal@MOFs systems.
The Wemple–DiDomenico model as a tool to probe the building blocks conforming a glass
Authors: González‐Leal J. M.
Published: March 2013

magnified image

The low‐frequency optical dielectric response of glasses is discussed regarding its sensitivity to the presence of building blocks conforming their structure. The model suggested by Wemple and DiDomenico to describe the dispersion of the refractive index of solids is further developed in terms of the cation local bonding environment and its effect in the value of the dispersion energy. As40S60−xSex glass alloys have been studied under these considerations and quantitative estimates of the concentration of building blocks are reported. Results are consistent with Raman experiments.
Screening and interlayer coupling in multilayer MoS2
Authors: Das Saptarshi , Appenzeller Joerg
Published: March 2013

The two‐dimensional layered semiconducting di‐chalcogenides are emerging as promising candidates for post‐Si‐CMOS applications owing to their excellent electrostatic integrity and the presence of a finite energy bandgap, unlike graphene. However, in order to unravel the ultimate potential of these materials, one needs to investigate different aspects of carrier transport. In this Letter, we present the first comprehensive experimental study on the dependence of carrier mobility on the layer thickness of back‐gated multilayer MoS2 field‐effect transistors. We observe a non‐monotonic trend in the extracted effective field‐effect mobility with layer thickness which is of relevance for the design of high‐performance devices. We also discuss a detailed theoretical model based on Thomas–Fermi charge screening and interlayer coupling in order to explain our experimental observations. Our model is generic and, therefore, is believed to be applicable to any two‐dimensional layered system.

magnified image

A model explaining the experimental findings related to screening and interlayer coupling in multilayer MoS2.

(© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The “Djedi” Robot Exploration of the Southern Shaft of the Queen's Chamber in the Great Pyramid of Giza, Egypt
Authors: Richardson Robert , Whitehead Shaun , Ng TC , Hawass Zahi , Pickering Andrew , Rhodes Stephen , Grieve Ron , Hildred Adrian , Nagendran Arjun , Liu Jason , Mayfield William , Tayoubi Mehdi , Breitner Richard
Published: March 2013

There are many unanswered questions regarding the construction and purpose of the Great Pyramid of Giza, Egypt. A climbing robot called “Djedi” has been designed, constructed, and deployed to explore shafts of the queen's chamber within the Great Pyramid. The Djedi robot is based on the concept of inchworm motion and is capable of carrying a long reach drill or snake camera. The robot successfully climbed the southern shaft of the Great Pyramid, deployed its snake camera, and revealed writing not seen for thousands of years. This paper details the design of the robot, including climbing steps in the shaft and lessons learned from experimental deployment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Broad‐Spectrum Antibacterial Activity of Carbon Nanotubes to Human Gut Bacteria
Authors: Chen Hanqing , Wang Bing , Gao Di , Guan Ming , Zheng Lingna , Ouyang Hong , Chai Zhifang , Zhao Yuliang , Feng Weiyue
Published: March 2013

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) hold promise in manufacturing, environmental, and biomedical applications, as well as food and agricultural industries. Previous observations have shown that CNTs have antimicrobial activity; however, the impact of CNTs to human gut microbes has not been investigated. Here, the antibacterial activity of CNTs against the microbes commonly encountered in the human digestion system—L. acidophilus, B. adolescentis, E. coli, E. faecalis, and S. aureus—are evaluated. The bacteria studied include pathogenic and non‐pathogenic, gram‐positive and negative, and both sphere and rod strains. In this study, CNTs, including single‐walled CNTs (SWCNTs, 1–3 μm), short and long multi‐walled CNTs (s‐MWCNTs: 0.5–2 μm; l‐MWCNTs: >50 μm), and functionalized multi‐walled CNTs (hydroxyl‐ and carboxyl‐modification, 0.5–2 μm), all have broad‐spectrum antibacterial effects. Notably, CNTs may selectively lyse the walls and membranes of human gut microbes, depending on not only the length and surface functional groups of CNTs, but also the shapes of the bacteria. The mechanism of antibacterial activity is associated with their diameter‐dependent piercing and length‐dependent wrapping on the lysis of microbial walls and membranes, inducing release of intracellular components DNA and RNA and allowing a loss of bacterial membrane potential, demonstrating complete destruction of bacteria. Thin and rigid SWCNT show more effective wall/membrane piercing on spherical bacteria than MWCNTs. Long MWCNT may wrap around gut bacteria, increasing the area making contact with the bacterial wall. This work suggests that CNTs may be broad‐spectrum and efficient antibacterial agents in the gut, and selective application of CNTs could reduce the potential hazard to probiotic bacteria.
Excellent Outcome in 238 Consecutive Living Donor Liver Transplantations Using the Right Liver Graft in a Large Volume Single Center
Authors: Yi Nam‐Joon , Suh Kyung‐Suk , Suh Suk‐Won , Chang Ye Rim , Hong Geun , Yoo Tae , Kim Hyeyoung , Park Min Su , Choi Young Rok , Lee Kwang‐Woong , Jung Chul‐Woo , Lee Jeong Hoon , Kim Yoon Jun , Yoon Jung‐Hwan , Lee Hyo‐Suk
Published: March 2013

Background

Using a right liver (RL) graft improves the outcomes in adult living donor liver transplantation (ALDLT). Here we report the recent excellent outcomes of 238 consecutive RL transplantations in ALDLT.

Methods

Between January 2005 and June 2009, 238 consecutive adult recipients underwent RL transplantation; The middle hepatic vein (MHV) was reconstructed using artificial vascular grafts in 209 cases. Among these study subjects, UNOS status 1 and 2A were 12 (5.0 %) and 20 (8.4 %) patients, and the mean medical MELD score, was 19.9. Hepatitis B virus was the most common original liver disease in 184 patients (77.3 %). Hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed in 133 patients (56.3 %), and 102 patients (76.1 %) met the radiologic Milan criteria. The mean graft‐versus‐recipient weight ratio was 1.14 %. The primary endpoint of this study was the patient and graft survival rate. The mean follow‐up period was 32 (0–69) months.

Results

The most common major complication was biliary complication (n = 62; 26 %). The 1‐, 2‐, and 5‐year patient survival rates were 96, 95, and 94 %, and the graft survival rates were 99, 99, and 98 %. There were 4 hospital deaths (1.6 %). Eighteen late mortalities were observed after recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, n = 17) and one case of lymphoma recurrence. One case of graft failure 33 months after ALDLT was attributed to cholestatic fibrosing hepatitis B saved by re‐ALDLT. On multivariate analysis, no drainage of MHV branches and accompanying HCC beyond Milan criteria were the risk factors for poor patients’ survival rate (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Further technical innovation would be required to overcome biliary complications. The technical innovation using right liver draining MHV branches improved both patient and graft survival outcomes of ALDLT. Despite these advances, selection criteria for HCC are still hurdles, even in RL transplantation.
Enhancing cellulase production in Trichoderma reesei RUT C30 through combined manipulation of activating and repressing genes
Authors: Wang Shaowen , Liu Gang , Wang Juan , Yu Jianteng , Huang Baiqu , Xing Miao
Published: March 2013

To investigate whether enzyme production can be enhanced in the Trichoderma reesei industrial hyperproducer strain RUT C30 by manipulation of cellulase regulation, the positive regulator Xyr1 was constitutively expressed under the control of the strong T. reesei pdc promoter, resulting in significantly enhanced cellulase activity in the transformant during growth on cellulose. In addition, constitutive expression of xyr1 combined with downregulation of the negative regulator encoding gene ace1 further increased cellulase and xylanase activities. Compared with RUT C30, the resulting transformant exhibited 103, 114, and 134 % greater total secreted protein levels, filter paper activity, and CMCase activity, respectively. Surprisingly, strong increases in xyr1 basal expression levels resulted in very high levels of CMCase activity during growth on glucose. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of improving cellulase production by modifying regulator expression, and suggest an attractive new single-step approach for increasing total cellulase productivity in T. reesei.
Different effects of ppGpp on Escherichia coli DNA replication in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Maciąg-Dorszyńska Monika , Szalewska-Pałasz Agnieszka , Węgrzyn Grzegorz
Published: March 2013

Inhibition of Escherichia coli DNA replication by guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) is demonstrated in vitro. This finding is compatible with impairment of the DnaG primase activity by this nucleotide. However, in agreement to previous reports, we were not able to detect a rapid inhibition of DNA synthesis in E. coli cells under the stringent control conditions, when intracellular ppGpp levels increase dramatically. We suggest that the process of ppGpp‐mediated inhibition of DnaG activity may be masked in E. coli cells, which could provide a rationale for explanation of differences between ppGpp effects on DNA replication in E. coli and Bacillus subtilis.
A Novel Mouse Model for Frostbite Injury
Authors: Auerbach Lauren J. , Galvez Michael G. , De Clerck Brittney K. , Glotzbach Jason , Wehner Mackenzie R. , Chang Edward I. , Gurtner Geoffrey C. , Auerbach Paul S.
Published: March 2013

Background

Frostbite injury occurs when exposure to cold results in frozen tissue. To screen drugs and other field therapies that might improve the outcome for a frostbite victim, it would be helpful to have a reliable and cost-effective preclinical in vivo model.

Objective

We sought to create a novel mouse skin model of induced frostbite injury. This model would allow quantification of the surface area of involved skin, histology of the wound, rate of wound healing, and skin loss in a standardized fashion after the frostbite injury.

Methods

Thirty-six mice were studied. Standardized 2.9-cm diameter circles were tattooed on the mouse dorsum. Magnets frozen in dry ice (−78.5°C) were used to create a frostbite injury on skin within the circle, either as a continuous 5-minute freeze or as 3 repeated freeze (1-minute) and thaw (3-minute) cycles. Appearance, healing rate, skin surface area loss, and histology were recorded until the wounds were healed.

Results

The amount of skin surface area loss was approximately 50% for both freeze methods. Although the time to surface skin healing was similar for both freeze methods, the initial healing rate was significantly ( P = .001) slower in mice exposed to the freeze-thaw cycles compared with the continuous freeze model. Histopathology reflected inflammatory changes, cell death, and necrosis.

Conclusions

This novel in vivo mouse model for frostbite allows quantification of affected skin surface area, histology, healing rate, and skin loss and has the potential of being utilized to screen future treatment modalities.
Zeta Functions of Graphs
Authors: Terras Audrey
Published: March 2013

Graph theory meets number theory in this stimulating book. Ihara zeta functions of finite graphs are reciprocals of polynomials, sometimes in several variables. Analogies abound with number-theoretic functions such as Riemann/Dedekind zeta functions. For example, there is a Riemann hypothesis (which may be false) and prime number theorem for graphs. Explicit constructions of graph coverings use Galois theory to generalize Cayley and Schreier graphs. Then non-isomorphic simple graphs with the same zeta are produced, showing you cannot hear the shape of a graph. The spectra of matrices such as the adjacency and edge adjacency matrices of a graph are essential to the plot of this book, which makes connections with quantum chaos and random matrix theory, plus expander/Ramanujan graphs of interest in computer science. Created for beginning graduate students, the book will also appeal to researchers. Many well-chosen illustrations and exercises, both theoretical and computer-based, are included throughout.
Finite Precision Number Systems and Arithmetic
Authors: Kornerup Peter , Matula David W.
Published: March 2013

Fundamental arithmetic operations support virtually all of the engineering, scientific, and financial computations required for practical applications, from cryptography, to financial planning, to rocket science. This comprehensive reference provides researchers with the thorough understanding of number representations that is a necessary foundation for designing efficient arithmetic algorithms. Using the elementary foundations of radix number systems as a basis for arithmetic, the authors develop and compare alternative algorithms for the fundamental operations of addition, multiplication, division, and square root with precisely defined roundings. Various finite precision number systems are investigated, with the focus on comparative analysis of practically efficient algorithms for closed arithmetic operations over these systems. Each chapter begins with an introduction to its contents and ends with bibliographic notes and an extensive bibliography. The book may also be used for graduate teaching: problems and exercises are scattered throughout the text and a solutions manual is available for instructors.
U.S. Energy Policy and the Pursuit of Failure
Authors: Grossman Peter Z.
Published: March 2013

U.S. Energy Policy and the Pursuit of Failure is an analytic history of American energy policy. For the past forty years, the U.S. government has tried to develop comprehensive policies on energy, yet these efforts have failed repeatedly. These failures have not resulted from a lack of will or funds but rather from an inability to differentiate between what could be undertaken and what could actually be accomplished. This book explains how and why various policy efforts have come about, shows why politicians have been eager to back them, and analyzes why they have inevitably failed. Over the past four decades, U.S. energy policy makers have pursued not just policies that have failed but also a policy process that leads to failure.
Introduction to Aberrations in Optical Imaging Systems
Authors: Sasián José
Published: March 2013

The competent and intelligent optical design of today's state-of-the-art products requires an understanding of optical aberrations. This accessible book provides an excellent introduction to the wave theory of aberrations and will be valuable to graduate students in optical engineering, as well as to researchers and technicians in academia and industry interested in optical imaging systems. Using a logical structure, uniform mathematical notation and high quality figures, the author helps readers to learn the theory of optical aberrations in a modern and efficient manner. In addition to essential topics such as the aberration function, wave aberrations, ray caustics and aberration coefficients, this text covers pupil aberrations, the irradiance function, aberration fields and polarization aberrations. It also provides a historical perspective by explaining the discovery of aberrations and two chapters provide insight into classical image formation; these topics of discussion are often missing in comparable books.
Causality
Authors: Pearl Judea
Published: March 2013

Written by one of the preeminent researchers in the field, this book provides a comprehensive exposition of modern analysis of causation. It shows how causality has grown from a nebulous concept into a mathematical theory with significant applications in the fields of statistics, artificial intelligence, economics, philosophy, cognitive science, and the health and social sciences. Judea Pearl presents and unifies the probabilistic, manipulative, counterfactual, and structural approaches to causation and devises simple mathematical tools for studying the relationships between causal connections and statistical associations. Cited in more than 2,100 scientific publications, it continues to liberate scientists from the traditional molds of statistical thinking. In this revised edition, Judea Pearl elucidates thorny issues, answers readers' questions, and offers a panoramic view of recent advances in this field of research. Causality will be of interest to students and professionals in a wide variety of fields. Dr Judea Pearl has received the 2011 Rumelhart Prize for his leading research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and systems from The Cognitive Science Society.
Music: A Mathematical Offering
Authors: Benson Dave
Published: March 2013

Since the time of the Ancient Greeks, much has been written about the relation between mathematics and music: from harmony and number theory, to musical patterns and group theory. Benson provides a wealth of information here to enable the teacher, the student, or the interested amateur to understand, at varying levels of technicality, the real interplay between these two ancient disciplines. The story is long as well as broad and involves physics, biology, psycho acoustics, the history of science, and digital technology as well as, of course, mathematics and music. Starting with the structure of the human ear and its relationship with Fourier analysis, the story proceeds via the mathematics of musical instruments to the ideas of consonance and dissonance, and then to scales and temperaments. This is a must-have book if you want to know about the music of the spheres or digital music and many things in between.
Hilbert Space Methods in Signal Processing
Authors: Kennedy Rodney A. , Sadeghi Parastoo
Published: March 2013

This lively and accessible book describes the theory and applications of Hilbert spaces and also presents the history of the subject to reveal the ideas behind theorems and the human struggle that led to them. The authors begin by establishing the concept of 'countably infinite', which is central to the proper understanding of separable Hilbert spaces. Fundamental ideas such as convergence, completeness and dense sets are first demonstrated through simple familiar examples and then formalised. Having addressed fundamental topics in Hilbert spaces, the authors then go on to cover the theory of bounded, compact and integral operators at an advanced but accessible level. Finally, the theory is put into action, considering signal processing on the unit sphere, as well as reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. The text is interspersed with historical comments about central figures in the development of the theory, which helps bring the subject to life.
Neutrino Cosmology
Authors: Lesgourgues Julien , Mangano Gianpiero , Miele Gennaro , Pastor Sergio
Published: March 2013

The role that neutrinos have played in the evolution of the Universe is the focus of one of the most fascinating research areas that has stemmed from the interplay between cosmology, astrophysics and particle physics. In this self-contained book, the authors bring together all aspects of the role of neutrinos in cosmology, spanning from leptogenesis to primordial nucleosynthesis, their role in CMB and structure formation, to the problem of their direct detection. The book starts by guiding the reader through aspects of fundamental neutrino physics, such as the standard cosmological model and the statistical mechanics in the expanding Universe, before discussing the history of neutrinos in chronological order from the very early stages until today. This timely book will interest graduate students and researchers in astrophysics, cosmology and particle physics, who work with either a theoretical or experimental focus.
Field Theories of Condensed Matter Physics
Authors: Fradkin Eduardo
Published: March 2013

Presenting the physics of the most challenging problems in condensed matter using the conceptual framework of quantum field theory, this book is of great interest to physicists in condensed matter and high energy and string theorists, as well as mathematicians. Revised and updated, this second edition features new chapters on the renormalization group, the Luttinger liquid, gauge theory, topological fluids, topological insulators and quantum entanglement. The book begins with the basic concepts and tools, developing them gradually to bring readers to the issues currently faced at the frontiers of research, such as topological phases of matter, quantum and classical critical phenomena, quantum Hall effects and superconductors. Other topics covered include one-dimensional strongly correlated systems, quantum ordered and disordered phases, topological structures in condensed matter and in field theory and fractional statistics.
Iraq in Wartime
Authors: Khoury Dina Rizk
Published: March 2013

When US-led forces invaded Iraq in 2003, they occupied a country that had been at war for 23 years. Yet in their attempts to understand Iraqi society and history, few policy makers, analysts and journalists took into account the profound impact that Iraq's long engagement with war had on the Iraqis' everyday engagement with politics, the business of managing their daily lives, and their cultural imagination. Drawing on government documents and interviews, Dina Rizk Khoury traces the political, social and cultural processes of the normalization of war in Iraq during the last twenty-three years of Ba'thist rule. Khoury argues that war was a form of everyday bureaucratic governance and examines the Iraqi government's policies of creating consent, managing resistance and religious diversity, and shaping public culture. Coming on the tenth anniversary of the US-led invasion of Iraq, this book tells a multilayered story of a society in which war has become the norm.
The Roman West, AD 200–500
Authors: Esmonde Cleary Simon
Published: March 2013

This book describes and analyses the development of the Roman West from Gibraltar to the Rhine, using primarily the extensive body of published archaeological evidence rather than the textual evidence underlying most other studies. It situates this development within a longer-term process of change, proposing the later second century rather than the 'third-century crisis' as the major turning-point, although the latter had longer-term consequences owing to the rise in importance of military identities. Elsewhere, more 'traditional' forms of settlement and display were sustained, to which was added the vocabulary of Christianity. The longer-term rhythms are also central to assessing the evidence for such aspects as rural settlement and patterns of economic interaction. The collapse of Roman imperial authority emphasised trends such as militarisation and regionalisation along with economic and cultural disintegration. Indicators of 'barbarian/Germanic' presence are reassessed within such contexts and the traditional interpretations questioned and alternatives proposed.
Formal Models of Domestic Politics
Authors: Gehlbach Scott
Published: March 2013

Formal Models of Domestic Politics offers the first unified and accessible treatment of canonical and important new formal models of domestic politics. Intended for students in political science and economics who have already taken a course in game theory, the text covers eight classes of models: electoral competition under certainty and uncertainty, special interest politics, veto players, delegation, coalitions, political agency and regime change. Political economists, comparativists and Americanists alike will find models here central to their research interests. The text assumes no mathematical knowledge beyond basic calculus, with an emphasis placed on clarity of presentation. Political scientists will appreciate the simplification of economic environments to focus on the political logic of models; economists will discover many important models of politics published outside of their discipline; and both instructors and students will value the numerous classroom-tested exercises.
The Fight over Digital Rights
Authors: Herman Bill D.
Published: March 2013

In the political fight over copyright, Internet advocacy has reshaped the playing field. This was shown in the 2012 'SOPA blackout', when the largest online protest in history stopped two copyright bills in their tracks. This protest was the culmination of an intellectual and political evolution more than a decade in the making. This book examines the debate over digital copyright, from the late 1980s through early 2012, and the new tools of political communication involved in the advocacy around the issue. Drawing on methods from legal studies, political science and communications, it explores the rise of a coalition seeking more limited copyright, as well as how these early-adopting, technology-savvy policy advocates used online communication to shock the world. It compares key bills, congressional debates, and offline and online media coverage using quantitative and qualitative methods to create a rigorous study for researchers that is also accessible to a general audience.
Equality in Education Law and Policy, 1954–2010
Authors: Superfine Benjamin M.
Published: March 2013

Educational equality has long been a vital concept in US law and policy. Since Brown v. Board of Education, the concept of educational equality has remained markedly durable and animated major school reform efforts, including desegregation, school finance reform, the education of students with disabilities and English language learners, charter schools, voucher policies, the various iterations of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (including No Child Left Behind) and the 'Stimulus'. Despite such attention, students' educational opportunities have remained persistently unequal as understandings of the goals underlying schooling, fundamental changes in educational governance, and the definition of an equal education have continually shifted. Drawing from law, education policy, history and political science, this book examines how the concept of equality in education law and policy has transformed from Brown through the Stimulus, the major factors influencing this transformation, and the significant problems that school reforms accordingly continue to face.
Paxton's Flower Garden
Authors: Paxton Joseph , Lindley John
Published: March 2013

Best remembered today for his innovative design for the Crystal Palace of 1851, Joseph Paxton (1803–65) was head gardener to the Duke of Devonshire at Chatsworth by the age of twenty-three, and remained involved in gardening throughout his life. Tapping in to the burgeoning interest in gardening amongst the Victorians, in 1841 he founded the periodical The Gardener's Chronicle with the botanist John Lindley (1799–1865), with whom he had worked on a Government report on Kew Gardens. Paxton's Flower Garden appeared between 1850 and 1853, following a series of plant-collecting expeditions. Only three of the planned ten volumes were published, but with hand-coloured plates (which can be viewed online alongside this reissue) and over 500 woodcuts, the work is lavish. Volume 3 includes further studies of numerous orchids, and Captain Cook's account of the discovery of the pine that would take his name, Araucaria cookii (Captain Cook's Pine).
The Physics of Dilute Magnetic Alloys
Authors: Kondo Jun
Published: March 2013

Available for the first time in English, this classic text by Jun Kondo describes the Kondo effect thoroughly and intuitively. Its clear and concise treatment makes this book of interest to graduate students and researchers in condensed matter physics. The first half of the book describes the rudiments of the theory of metals at a level that is accessible for undergraduate students. The second half discusses key developments in the Kondo problem, covering topics including magnetic impurities in metals, the resistance minimum phenomenon, infrared divergence in metals and scaling theory, including Wilson's renormalization group treatment and the exact solution by the Bethe ansatz. A new chapter has been added covering advances made since the Japanese edition was published, such as the quantum dot and heavy fermion systems.
Representation Theory of the Symmetric Groups
Authors: Ceccherini-Silberstein Tullio , Scarabotti Fabio , Tolli Filippo
Published: March 2013

The representation theory of the symmetric groups is a classical topic that, since the pioneering work of Frobenius, Schur and Young, has grown into a huge body of theory, with many important connections to other areas of mathematics and physics. This self-contained book provides a detailed introduction to the subject, covering classical topics such as the Littlewood–Richardson rule and the Schur–Weyl duality. Importantly the authors also present many recent advances in the area, including Lassalle's character formulas, the theory of partition algebras, and an exhaustive exposition of the approach developed by A. M. Vershik and A. Okounkov. A wealth of examples and exercises makes this an ideal textbook for graduate students. It will also serve as a useful reference for more experienced researchers across a range of areas, including algebra, computer science, statistical mechanics and theoretical physics.
Advanced Magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Goedbloed J. P. , Keppens Rony , Poedts Stefaan
Published: March 2013

Following on from the companion volume Principles of Magnetohydrodynamics, this textbook analyzes the applications of plasma physics to thermonuclear fusion and plasma astrophysics from the single viewpoint of MHD. This approach turns out to be ever more powerful when applied to streaming plasmas (the vast majority of visible matter in the Universe), toroidal plasmas (the most promising approach to fusion energy), and nonlinear dynamics (where it all comes together with modern computational techniques and extreme transonic and relativistic plasma flows). The textbook interweaves theory and explicit calculations of waves and instabilities of streaming plasmas in complex magnetic geometries. It is ideally suited to advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in plasma physics and astrophysics.
Codes and Automata
Authors: Berstel Jean , Perrin Dominique , Reutenauer Christophe
Published: March 2013

This major revision of Berstel and Perrin's classic Theory of Codes has been rewritten with a more modern focus and a much broader coverage of the subject. The concept of unambiguous automata, which is intimately linked with that of codes, now plays a significant role throughout the book, reflecting developments of the last 20 years. This is complemented by a discussion of the connection between codes and automata, and new material from the field of symbolic dynamics. The authors have also explored links with more practical applications, including data compression and cryptography. The treatment remains self-contained: there is background material on discrete mathematics, algebra and theoretical computer science. The wealth of exercises and examples make it ideal for self-study or courses. In sum this is a comprehensive reference on the theory of variable-length codes and their relation to automata.
Organizational Myopia
Authors: Catino Maurizio
Published: March 2013

Could the terrorist attacks on the Twin Towers have been avoided? What about the control failures in the recent global financial crisis? Behind these apparently very different events, it is possible to identify a common element of organizational myopia - a syndrome that severely limits the capacity of organizations to foresee the effects of their own decisions and to recognize signs of danger or opportunity. Organizational Myopia explores the barriers that impede organizations from identifying an effective response to the problems that they have to confront. Using real-world cases, the author investigates the mechanisms that generate myopia in organizations at the individual, organizational, and interorganizational level in contexts that are complex, uncertain, ambiguous, and changeable. This book will help readers understand how to limit the origins of myopia and therefore increase the capacity of organizations to anticipate and contain unexpected events.
The Founding of Aesthetics in the German Enlightenment
Authors: Buchenau Stefanie
Published: March 2013

When, in 1735, Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten added a new discipline to the philosophical system, he not only founded modern aesthetics but also contributed to shaping the modern concept of art or 'fine art'. In The Founding of Aesthetics in the German Enlightenment, Stefanie Buchenau offers a rich analysis and reconstruction of the origins of this new discipline in its wider context of German Enlightenment philosophy. Present-day scholars commonly regard Baumgarten's views as an imperfect prefiguration of Kantian and post-Kantian aesthetics, but Buchenau argues that Baumgarten defended a consistent and original project which must be viewed in the context of the modern debate on the art of invention. Her book offers new perspectives on Kantian aesthetics and beauty in art and science.
'Crimes against Peace' and International Law
Authors: Sellars Kirsten
Published: March 2013

In 1946, the judges at the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg declared 'crimes against peace' - the planning, initiation or waging of aggressive wars - to be 'the supreme international crime'. At the time, the prosecuting powers heralded the charge as being a legal milestone, but it later proved to be an anomaly arising from the unique circumstances of the post-war period. This study traces the idea of criminalising aggression, from its origins after the First World War, through its high-water mark at the post-war tribunals at Nuremberg and Tokyo, to its abandonment during the Cold War. Today, a similar charge - the 'crime of aggression' - is being mooted at the International Criminal Court, so the ideas and debates that shaped the original charge of 'crimes against peace' assume new significance and offer valuable insights to lawyers, policy-makers and scholars engaged in international law and international relations.
Language and Gender
Authors: Eckert Penelope , McConnell-Ginet Sally
Published: March 2013

Language and Gender is an introduction to the study of the relation between gender and language use, written by two leading experts in the field. This new edition, thoroughly updated and restructured, brings out more strongly an emphasis on practice and change, while retaining the broad scope of its predecessor and its accessible introductions which explain the key concepts in a non-technical way. The authors integrate issues of sexuality more thoroughly into the discussion, exploring more diverse gendered and sexual identities and practices. The core emphasis is on change, both in linguistic resources and their use and in gender and sexual ideologies and personae. This book explores how change often involves conflict and competing norms, both social and linguistic. Drawing on their own extensive research, as well as other key literature, the authors argue that the connections between language and gender are deep yet fluid, and arise in social practice.
Early Modern Europe, 1450–1789
Authors: Wiesner-Hanks Merry E.
Published: March 2013

The second edition of this best-selling textbook is thoroughly updated to include expanded coverage of the late eighteenth century and the Enlightenment, and incorporates recent advances in gender history, global connections and cultural analysis. It features summaries, timelines, maps, illustrations and discussion questions to support the student. Enhanced online content and sections on sources and methodology give students the tools they need to study early modern European history. Leading historian Merry Wiesner-Hanks skilfully balances breadth and depth of coverage to create a strong narrative, paying particular attention to the global context of European developments. She integrates discussion of gender, class, regional and ethnic differences across the entirety of Europe and its overseas colonies as well as the economic, political, religious and cultural history of the period.
American Journalism and International Relations
Authors: Dell'Orto Giovanna
Published: March 2013

American Journalism and International Relations argues that the American press' disengagement from world affairs has critical repercussions for American foreign policy. Giovanna Dell'Orto shows that discourses created, circulated and maintained through the media mold opinions about the world and shape foreign policy parameters. This book is a history of US foreign correspondence from the 1840s to the present. Americans' perceptions of other nations, combined with pervasive and enduring understandings of the United States' role in global politics, act as constraints on policies. Dell'Orto finds that reductive media discourse (as seen during the 1967 War in the Middle East or Afghanistan in the 1980s) has a negative effect on policy, whereas correspondence grounded in events (such as during the Japanese attack on Shanghai in the 1930s or the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991) fosters effective leadership and realistic assessments.
Privatizing War
Authors: Cameron Lindsey , Chetail Vincent
Published: March 2013

A growing number of states use private military and security companies (PMSCs) for a variety of tasks, which were traditionally fulfilled by soldiers. This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the law that applies to PMSCs active in situations of armed conflict, focusing on international humanitarian law. It examines the limits in international law on how states may use private actors, taking the debate beyond the question of whether PMSCs are mercenaries. The authors delve into issues such as how PMSCs are bound by humanitarian law, whether their staff are civilians or combatants, and how the use of force in self-defence relates to direct participation in hostilities, a key issue for an industry that operates by exploiting the right to use force in self-defence. Throughout, the authors identify how existing legal obligations, including under state and individual criminal responsibility should play a role in the regulation of the industry.
Constitutional Money
Authors: Timberlake Richard H.
Published: March 2013

This book reviews nine Supreme Court cases and decisions that dealt with monetary laws and gives a summary history of monetary events and policies as they were affected by the Court's decisions. Several cases and decisions had notable consequences on the monetary history of the United States, some of which were blatant misjudgments stimulated by political pressures. The cases included in this book begin with McCulloch v. Maryland in 1819 and end with the Gold Clause Cases in 1934–5. Constitutional Money examines three institutions that were prominent in these decisions: the Supreme Court, the gold standard and the Federal Reserve System. The final chapter describes the adjustments necessary to return to a gold standard and briefly examines the constitutional alternatives.
The Promise of Power
Authors: Tudor Maya
Published: March 2013

Under what conditions are some developing countries able to create stable democracies while others have slid into instability and authoritarianism? To address this classic question at the center of policy and academic debates, The Promise of Power investigates a striking puzzle: why, upon the 1947 Partition of British India, was India able to establish a stable democracy while Pakistan created an unstable autocracy? Drawing on interviews, colonial correspondence, and early government records to document the genesis of two of the twentieth century's most celebrated independence movements, Maya Tudor refutes the prevailing notion that a country's democratization prospects can be directly attributed to its levels of economic development or inequality. Instead, she demonstrates that the differential strengths of India's and Pakistan's independence movements directly account for their divergent democratization trajectories. She also establishes that these movements were initially constructed to pursue historically conditioned class interests. By illuminating the source of this enduring contrast, The Promise of Power offers a broad theory of democracy's origins that will interest scholars and students of comparative politics, democratization, state-building, and South Asian political history.