bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Association between Diet and Esophageal Cancer in Afghanistan: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Barekzai Ahmad Mujtaba
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Esophageal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, esophageal cancer is the fourth most common cancer among Afghan men and the fifth most common cancer among Afghan women in 2018. Data on the link between diet and disease are extremely limited in Afghanistan. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between diet and esophageal cancer in Afghanistan. In this hospital-based case-control study, 84 esophageal cancer patients (newly diagnosed), and 164 controls with no history of chemotherapy or radiotherapy (due to cancer) were included. The cases and controls are aged between 20 and 75 years and matched in terms of age ± 5year and sex. All participants were interviewed face to face by trained female investigators using structured questionnaires. Diff erences in general characteristics and diet between cases and controls were examined by the t-test and chi-square test. The Binary Logistic Regression was used to examine the association between food consumption and esophagus cancer. The mean age of study participants was 55 years. The salty food 1 time or more per day 9.3 times (95% CI: 3.390-25.807), intake of meat 1 time or more per day 7.345 times (95% CI: 079-26.083), and pepper 1 time or more per day 2.342 times (95% CI: 0.968- 1.456) were increased the odds of esophageal cancer in Afghans population. Conclusion: We found that a high intake of salty food, pepper, and red meat positively associated with the risk of esophageal cancer, and the higher intake of fruits, vegetables, fish, and poultry reduces the risk of esophageal cancer in the Afghan population. Further studies (e.g. cohort studies) with a large sample size are required to establish this association.
OPTIMIZATION OF MANAGEMENT OF GEOECOLOGICAL RISKS IN MACHINE-BUILDING PRODUCTION IN THE SOUTH OF WESTERN SIBERIA
Authors: Parinova M. V. , Petrov Y. V.
Published: March 2021

The authors describe in the article the characteristics of the existing ecological processes at the machine-building plant. Taking into account the territorial location, there are prospects and shortcomings in the organization of environmental protection in the South of Western Siberia. On the example of the Tyumen plant of geological prospecting machines and equipment, a set of measures is being developed for the greening of production.
The authors considered the system of management of geoecological risks in the engineering industry The effectiveness of existing measures was analyzed, and corrective proposals were developed, new prospects were formulated. The results obtained may be of interest for the management of engineering Western Siberian organizations, geoecologists and researchers
Perspective taking and systematic biases in object location memory
Authors: Segen Vladislava , Colombo Giorgio , Avraamides Marios , Slattery Timothy , Wiener Jan M.
Published: March 2021

The aim of the current study was to develop a novel task that allows for the quick assessment of spatial memory precision with minimal technical and training requirements. In this task, participants memorized the position of an object in a virtual room and then judged from a different perspective, whether the object has moved to the left or to the right. Results revealed that participants exhibited a systematic bias in their responses that we termed the reversed congruency effect. Specifically, they performed worse when the camera and the object moved in the same direction than when they moved in opposite directions. Notably, participants responded correctly in almost 100% of the incongruent trials, regardless of the distance by which the object was displaced. In Experiment 2, we showed that this effect cannot be explained by the movement of the object on the screen, but that it relates to the perspective shift and the movement of the object in the virtual world. We also showed that the presence of additional objects in the environment reduces the reversed congruency effect such that it no longer predicts performance. In Experiment 3, we showed that the reversed congruency effect is greater in older adults, suggesting that the quality of spatial memory and perspective-taking abilities are critical. Overall, our results suggest that this effect is driven by difficulties in the precise encoding of object locations in the environment and in understanding how perspective shifts affect the projected positions of the objects in the two-dimensional image.
Target Amplification and Distractor Inhibition: Theta Oscillatory Dynamics of Selective Attention in a Flanker Task
Authors: Haciahmet Céline C. , Frings Christian , Pastötter Bernhard
Published: March 2021

Selective attention is a key mechanism to monitor conflict-related processing and behaviour, by amplifying task-relevant processing and inhibiting task-irrelevant information. Conflict monitoring and resolution is typically associated with brain oscillatory power increase in the theta frequency range (3-8 Hz), as indexed by increased midfrontal theta power. We expand previous findings of theta power increase related to conflict processing and distractor inhibition by considering attentional target amplification to be represented in theta frequency as well. The present study (N = 41) examined EEG oscillatory activities associated with stimulus and response conflict in a lateralized flanker task. Depending on the perceptual (in)congruency and response (in)compatibility of distractor-target associations, resulting stimulus and response conflicts were examined in behavioural and electrophysiological data analyses. Both response and stimulus conflict emerged in RT analysis. Regarding EEG data, response-locked cluster analysis showed an increase of midfrontal theta power related to response conflict. In addition, stimulus-locked cluster analysis revealed early clusters with increased parietal theta power for nonconflicting compared to conflicting trials, followed by increased midfrontal theta power for both stimulus and response conflict. Our results suggest that conflict resolution in the flanker task relies on a combination of target amplification, depicted by parietal theta power increase, and distractor inhibition, indexed by midfrontal theta power increase, for both stimulus and response conflicts. Attentional amplification of sensory target features is discussed with regard to a domain-general conflict monitoring account.
Toward a formal theory of proactivity
Authors: Lieder F. , Iwama G.
Published: March 2021

Beyond merely reacting to their environment and impulses, people have the remarkable capacity to proactively set and pursue their own goals. The extent to which they leverage this capacity varies widely across people and situations. The goal of this article is to propose and evaluate a model of proactivity and reactivity. We proceed in three steps. First, we model proactivity in a widely used cognitive control task known as the AX Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT). Our theory formalizes an important aspect of proactivity as meta-control over proactive and reactive control. Second, we perform a quantitative model comparison to identify the number and nature of meta-control decisions that are involved in the regulation of proactive behavior. Our findings suggest that individual differences in proactivity are governed by two independent meta-control decisions, namely deciding whether to set an intention for what to do in a future situation and deciding whether to recall one’s intentions when the situation occurs. Third, we test the assumptions and qualitative predictions of the winning model against data from numerous experiments varying the incentives, cognitive load, and statistical structure of the task. Our results suggest that proactivity can be understood in terms of computational models of meta-control. Future work will extend our models from proactive control in the AX-CPT to proactive goal creation and goal pursuit in the real world.
SUBSTANTIATION OF GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ON-BOARD INFORMATION MEASUREMENT AND RECORDING SYSTEMS FOR TESTS OF AUTOMOTIVE EQUIPMENT AND ARMOURED VEHICLES
Authors: Andrushko M. , Shein I. , Ratushny S.
Published: March 2021

On-board information measurement and recording systems are designed to control the parameters of both systems and units of the prototype and the sample of automotive equipment and armored vehicles in general, to obtain qualitative and quantitative characteristics to assess their compliance with technical requirements of the request for proposal.

The universal modular type on-board information-measuring system must provide acquisition, conversion and registration on the on-board drive of parametric (analog and digital), discrete, audio and video information from on- board systems of armament and military equipment (AME) sample during tests.

A special place is occupied by data collection and processing systems during automotive equipment and armored vehicles tests. This is due to the need to obtain during experiments quantitative information about the characteristics of the sample and its systems on the basis of an unbiased evaluation of a significant number of values of physical quantities, which are determined experimentally. Despite the significant difference in the technical characteristics and methods of application of different types of armored vehicles, the information support of their tests has lots in common.

From the technical point of view, tests of armored vehicles are a process of obtaining, converting, registering and processing of measuring information generated by on-board systems of AME test sample. The whole complex of engineering measurements instruments (ground measuring instruments, on-board measuring systems, trajectory measurement systems, telemetry systems) using common time equipment, means of acquisition and processing measuring information, control and communication is combined into a single information measuring and computing complex, which in turn allows giving an unbiased evaluation of the characteristics and features of the test object as a whole.

In order to improve the quality of testing of new and upgraded sample of automotive equipment and armored vehicles, the need for a universal on-board information measurement and recording systems, its characteristics are analysed, proposals for the composition, as well as general requirements were introduced.
SET-THEORETIC MODELS OF AN UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEM FOR PREDICTING FAILURE-FREE FACTORS
Authors: Rudnichenko S. , Kamak Y. , Nesterenko S. , Herashchenko M.
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the approaches to the creation of mathematical models focused on determining the failure-free factors of unmanned aerial systems during their operation. It is noted that many economic and social processes can be narrowed down to the problem of the choice made by their participants between several alternative (mutually exclusive or competing) options.

Examples include the problem of consumer behavior in a competitive market in which the consumer makes investment decisions in the context of choosing between several alternative projects; selection of possible transport systems for passenger and сargo transportation; choosing among alternative opportunities for the economic growth of territories, decision-making in speculative financial markets (using instruments to buy for a rise or sell short) and others.

To ensure the possibility of determining the predicted failure-free factors at the stage of performance evaluation by methods of functional and structural analysis, a mathematical model of the process of determining failure-free factors was developed, focused on the use of dynamic Bayesian belief networks. The proposed model takes into account the Markovian character of the operation process running, in which failures of elements and subsystems are compensated by actions to restore the system. The failure rates of UAS during performance evaluation, as well as the average integral value survival rate for the period of performance evaluation, the rate of occurrence of failures and time to failure are determined as the final failure-free factors. The model is evaluated as a necessary condition for further development of specially configured software to solve the problem of determining failure-free factors of unmanned aerial systems.
Constitutional guarantees rights to entrepreneurial activity
Authors: Hlibko Serhiy , Grechko Olga
Published: March 2021

Problem setting. The article considers the category of freedom of entrepreneurial activity. The normative-legal and organizational-legal guarantees of entrepreneurial activity, enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine, are studied. Particular attention is paid to constitutional restrictions in the field of entrepreneurial activity.

Target of research is to study the constitutional guarantees of ensuring the right to entrepreneurial activity and to identify shortcomings in the mechanism of their implementation.

Analysis of recent researches and publications. The constitutional right to entrepreneurial activity and guarantees of its provision have been the subject of research by many scholars, in particular M.V. Vitruk, B.S. Ebzeev, M.I. Matuzov, M.P. Orzikh, M.I. Kozyubra, V.F. Pogorilka, P.M. Rabinovych, S.V. Riznyk, Yu. M. Todyky, O.O. Chub, V.M. Shapoval, V,S. Shcherbyna and others. Only some aspects of this issue were considered in the special literature, respectively, a comprehensive study of the constitutional guarantees of the right to entrepreneurial activity has not found its proper elaboration.

Article’s main body. The guarantees of the right to entrepreneurial activity provided for in the Constitution of Ukraine are sometimes declarative in nature. This is due to the fact that regulations, specifying the Constitution of Ukraine, contain some inconsistencies and gaps. With regard to the constitutional enshrinement of guarantees of the right to entrepreneurial activity, it is necessary to single out a block devoted to the economic sphere, which will create a systemic impact on the content of current legislation and the practical mechanism for implementing such guarantees.

Conclusion and prospects for the development. The issues of creating conditions for the proper conduct of economic activity by the state are inseparable from the understanding and legal support of the implementation of guarantees of entrepreneurship, which requires an effective legal mechanism for economic management and the creation of appropriate conditions for economic activity.
Cranioplasty Flap Lifting Caused by Intracranial Hypertension Literature Review
Authors: CISSE Y , NZISABIRA JM , DIOP A , DONZO A , BARRY LF , DIAJHETE R , DOUMBIA N , LO PN , KEBE A , SENE F , THIAM AB , BA MC , BADIANE SB
Published: March 2021

Cranioplasty is a neurosurgical technique that replaces a bone defect in the skull with hard replacement tissue. It is indicated in particular after a decompressive craniectomy performed in severe head trauma in order to control intracranial hypertension refractory to medical treatment. Cranioplasty is sometimes associated with a significant number of complications, including hydrocephalus. In this article, we report the case of a cranioplasty flap lifting on intracranial hypertension following postoperative hydrocephalus and discuss the clinical relevance with a review of the literature.
Examination of the Effect of Positive Psychology-based Group Counseling on Lying Tendencies
Authors: ULUSOY Muhammet Aykuthan , SEZGİN Osman
Published: March 2021

This study was carried out to apply positive psychology-based group counseling activities, which were prepared to reduce the tendency of 7th grade students to lie and created considering Turkish-Islamic cultural values, and to test the effectiveness of the activities. In the quantitative part of the study in which the mixed method design was preferred, a quasi-experimental design consisting of experimental, control, and placebo groups was used. The quantitative phase of the study was carried out with 68 students, 22 of whom were in the experimental group, 24 in the control group, and 22 in the placebo group, studying in a secondary school in Gaziantep where permission for the study was obtained. The study group for the quantitative stage of the study was determined by the analogous cluster sampling method. The lying tendency scale and the assertiveness inventory were used as data collection tools for this stage. The study group at the qualitative stage, which was completed by performing a case study, was determined using the criterion sampling method and was carried out with the teachers and parents of the experimental group. In the qualitative part of the study, a structured interview form was used as a data collection tool. The study found a significant difference in the lying of the experimental group, no significant difference in the lying tendency of the control and placebo group, significant differences between the difference scores of the groups’ lying tendencies, and a significant difference in the assertiveness scores of the placebo group.
The Mindfulness Levels of Adults During the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Role of Solution Focused Thinking and Valuing
Authors: ŞANAL KARAHAN Faika , BAKALIM Orkide
Published: March 2021

The aim of this research is to identify the role of solution focused thinking and valuing on mindfulness among adults during the Covid-19 pandemic. The data were obtained through convenience sampling via an online platform. Accordingly, a total of 669 people, 357 men and 314 women, were reached. Personal information form, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Solution Focused Inventory and Valuing Questionnaire were used to collect the data. Stepwise regression analysis was conducted to test whether progress, obstruction, goal achievement, problem disengagement and resource activation were meaningful predictors of mindfulness. When the research findings were examined in detail, it was determined that the obstruction variable was the strongest predictor of mindfulness in adults in the Covid-19 period. Other significant predictors, respectively, were determined to be problem disengagement, resource activation and progress. On the other hand, it was determined that goal orientation is not a significant predictor of mindfulness. The research findings were discussed within the scope of the literature and recommendations were made.
Change-point Detection and Image Segmentation for Time Series of Astrophysical Images
Authors: Xu Cong , Günther Hans Moritz , Kashyap Vinay L. , Lee Thomas C. M. , Zezas Andreas
Published: March 2021

Many astrophysical phenomena are time-varying, in the sense that their intensity, energy spectrum, and/or the spatial distribution of the emission suddenly change. This paper develops a method for modeling a time series of images. Under the assumption that the arrival times of the photons follow a Poisson process, the data are binned into 4D grids of voxels (time, energy band, and x-y coordinates), and viewed as a time series of non-homogeneous Poisson images. The method assumes that at each time point, the corresponding multiband image stack is an unknown 3D piecewise constant function including Poisson noise. It also assumes that all image stacks between any two adjacent change points (in time domain) share the same unknown piecewise constant function. The proposed method is designed to estimate the number and the locations of all of the change points (in time domain), as well as all of the unknown piecewise constant functions between any pairs of the change points. The method applies the minimum description length principle to perform this task. A practical algorithm is also developed to solve the corresponding complicated optimization problem. Simulation experiments and applications to real data sets show that the proposed method enjoys very promising empirical properties. Applications to two real data sets, the XMM observation of a flaring star and an emerging solar coronal loop, illustrate the usage of the proposed method and the scientific insight gained from it.
The HOSTS Survey: Evidence for an Extended Dust Disk and Constraints on the Presence of Giant Planets in the Habitable Zone of β Leo
Authors: Defrère D. , Hinz P. M. , Kennedy G. M. , Stone J. , Rigley J. , Ertel S. , Gaspar A. , Bailey V. P. , Hoffmann W. F. , Mennesson B. , Millan-Gabet R. , Danchi W. C. , Absil O. , Arbo P. , Beichman C , Bonavita M , Brusa G. , Bryden G. , Downey E. C. , Esposito S. , Grenz P. , Haniff C. , Hill J. M. , Leisenring J. M. , Males J. R. , McMahon T. J. , Montoya M. , Morzinski K. M. , Pinna E. , Puglisi A. , Rieke G. , Roberge A. , Rousseau H. , Serabyn E. , Spalding E. , Skemer A. J. , Stapelfeldt K. , Su K. , Vaz A. , Weinberger A. J. , Wyatt M. C.
Published: March 2021

The young (50–400 Myr) A3V star β Leo is a primary target to study the formation history and evolution of extrasolar planetary systems as one of the few stars with known hot (∼1600 K), warm (∼600 K), and cold (∼120 K) dust belt components. In this paper, we present deep mid-infrared measurements of the warm dust brightness obtained with the Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer (LBTI) as part of its exozodiacal dust survey (HOSTS). The measured excess is 0.47% ± 0.050% within the central 1.5 au, rising to 0.81% ± 0.026% within 4.5 au, outside the habitable zone of β Leo. This dust level is 50 ± 10 times greater than in the solar system’s zodiacal cloud. Poynting–Robertson drag on the cold dust detected by Spitzer, and Herschel underpredicts the dust present in the habitable zone of β Leo, suggesting an additional delivery mechanism (e.g., comets) or an additional belt at ∼5.5 au. A model of these dust components is provided that implies the absence of planets more than a few Saturn masses between ∼5 au and the outer belt at ∼40 au. We also observationally constrain giant planets with the LBTI imaging channel at 3.8 μm wavelength. Assuming an age of 50 Myr, any planet in the system between approximately 5–50 au must be less than a few Jupiter masses, consistent with our dust model. Taken together, these observations showcase the deep contrasts and detection capabilities attainable by the LBTI for both warm exozodiacal dust and giant exoplanets in or near the habitable zone of nearby stars.
Consequences for the Scalar Field Dark Matter Model from the McGaugh Observed-baryon Acceleration Correlation
Authors: Padilla Luis E. , Solís-López Jordi , Matos Tonatiuh , Avilez-López Ana A.
Published: March 2021

Although the standard cosmological model, the so-called Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM), appears to fit well observations at the cosmological level, it is well known that it possesses several inconsistencies at the galactic scales. In order to address the problems of the ΛCDM on a small scale, some alternative models have been proposed. Among the most popular candidates, the proposal that dark matter in the universe is made of ultralight bosons is a strong candidate today. For this work, we study through an analytical approach the consequences arising from comparing the Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves catalog observed-baryon acceleration correlation with the scalar field dark matter model. We carry out such analysis either considering the features of galactic halos extracted from structure-formation simulations or considering the existence of other non-dark-matter elements in the whole system (such as baryons or a supermassive black hole). Specifically, we address a recent claim that the model is not capable of reproducing a constant surface density in the core, in contrast to what observations suggest for a host of galaxies with different sizes and morphologies. In this direction, we show that this discrepancy can be alleviated once the contributions of non-dark-matter constituents in the whole galactic system are taken into account. Additionally, we find that a mass of m ≃ 1.41 × 10−22 eV/c
2 is capable of reproducing all of our findings and correctly adjusting the rotation curves coming from the Milky Way galaxy.
Asymmetrical Mass Ejection from Proto-white Dwarfs and the Formation of Eccentric Millisecond Pulsar Binaries
Authors: Han Qin , Li Xiang-Dong
Published: March 2021

Binary millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are believed to have descended from low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs), which have experienced substantial mass transfer and tidal circularization. Therefore, they should have very circular orbits. However, the discovery of several eccentric binary MSPs (with eccentricity e ∼ 0.01–0.1) challenges this standard picture. Three models have been proposed thus far based on accretion-induced collapse of massive white dwarfs (WDs), neutron star–strange star transition, and formation of circumbinary disks. All of them are subject to various uncertainties and are not entirely consistent with observations. Here, we propose an alternative model that takes into account the influence of thermonuclear flashes on proto-WDs. We assume that the flashes lead to asymmetrical mass ejection, which imparts a mild kick to the proto-WDs. By simulating orbital changes of binary MSPs with multiple shell flashes, we show that it is possible to reproduce the observed eccentricities, provided that the kick velocities are around a few km s−1.
The Large-scale Magnetic Field Advected in the Corona of a Thin Accretion Disk
Authors: Li Jia-wen , Cao Xinwu
Published: March 2021

Large-scale magnetic field is believed to play a key role in launching and collimating jets/outflows. It was found that advection of the external field by a geometrically thin disk is rather inefficient, while the external weak field may be dragged inwards by fast radially moving tenuous and/or hot gas above the thin disk. We investigate the field advection in a thin (cold) accretion disk covered with hot corona, in which turbulence is responsible for the angular momentum transfer of the gas in the disk and corona. The radial velocity of the gas in the corona is significantly higher than that in the thin disk. Our calculations show that the external magnetic flux is efficiently transported inwards by the corona, and the field line is strongly inclined toward the disk surface, which helps to launch outflows. The field configurations are consistent with those observed in the numerical simulations. The strength of the field is substantially enhanced in the inner region of the disk (usually several orders of magnitude higher than the external field strength), which is able to drive a fraction of gas in the corona into outflows. This mechanism may be useful in explaining the observational features in X-ray binaries and active galactic nuclei. Our results may help in understanding the physics of the magnetohydrodynamic simulations.
Origin of Weak Mg ii and Higher-ionization Absorption Lines in Outflows from Intermediate-redshift Dwarf Galaxies
Authors: Fujita Akimi , Misawa Toru , Charlton Jane C. , Meiksin Avery , Low Mordecai-Mark Mac
Published: March 2021

Observations at intermediate redshifts reveal the presence of numerous compact, weak Mg ii absorbers with near to supersolar metallicities, often surrounded by extended regions that produce C iv and/or O vi absorption, in the circumgalactic medium at large impact parameters from luminous galaxies. Their origin and nature remain unclear. We hypothesize that undetected satellite dwarf galaxies are responsible for producing some of these weak Mg ii absorbers. We test our hypothesis using gas dynamical simulations of galactic outflows from a dwarf galaxy with a halo mass of 5 × 109
M
⊙, as might be falling into a larger L* halo at z = 2. We find that thin, filamentary, weak Mg ii absorbers (≲100 pc) are produced in two stages: (1) when shocked core-collapse supernova (SN II)–enriched gas descending in a galactic fountain gets shock compressed by upward flows driven by subsequent SN II and cools (phase 1) and, later, (2) during an outflow driven by Type Ia supernovae that shocks and sweeps up pervasive SN II–enriched gas, which then cools (phase 2). The Mg ii absorbers in our simulations are continuously generated by shocks and cooling with moderate metallicity ∼0.1–0.2 Z
⊙ but low column density <1012 cm−2. They are also surrounded by larger (0.5–1 kpc) C iv absorbers that seem to survive longer. Larger-scale (>1 kpc) C iv and O vi clouds are also produced in both expanding and shocked SN II–enriched gas. Observable ion distributions from our models appear well converged at our standard resolution (12.8 pc). Our simulation highlights the possibility of dwarf galactic outflows producing highly enriched multiphase gas.
Constraints on Nuclear Saturation Properties from Terrestrial Experiments and Astrophysical Observations of Neutron Stars
Authors: Choi Soonchul , Miyatsu Tsuyoshi , Cheoun Myung-Ki , Saito Koichi
Published: March 2021

Taking into account the terrestrial experiments and the recent astrophysical observations of neutron stars and gravitational-wave signals, we impose restrictions on the equation of state (EoS) for isospin-asymmetric nuclear matter. Using the relativistic mean-field model with SU(3) flavor symmetry, we investigate the impacts of effective nucleon mass, nuclear incompressibility, and slope parameter of nuclear symmetry energy on the nuclear and neutron star properties. It is found that the astrophysical information of massive neutron stars and tidal deformabilities, as well as the nuclear experimental data, plays an important role to restrict the EoS for neutron stars. In particular, the softness of the nuclear EoS due to the existence of hyperons in the core gives stringent constraints on those physical quantities. Furthermore, it is possible to put limits on the curvature parameter of nuclear symmetry energy by means of nuclear and astrophysical calculations.
Emission Properties of Periodic Fast Radio Bursts from the Motion of Magnetars: Testing Dynamical Models
Authors: Li Dongzi , Zanazzi J. J.
Published: March 2021

Recent observations of the periodic fast radio burst source 180916.J0158+65 (FRB 180916) find small linear polarization position angle swings during and between bursts, with a burst activity window that becomes both narrower and earlier at higher frequencies. Although the observed chromatic activity window disfavors models of periodicity in FRB 180916 driven solely by the occultation of a neutron star by the optically thick wind from a stellar companion, the connection to theories where periodicity arises from the motion of a bursting magnetar remains unclear. In this Letter, we show how altitude-dependent radio emission from a magnetar, with bursts emitted from regions that are asymmetric with respect to the magnetic dipole axis, can lead to burst activity windows and polarization consistent with the recent observations. In particular, the fact that bursts arrive systematically earlier at higher frequencies disfavors theories where the FRB periodicity arises from forced precession of a magnetar by a companion or fallback disk, but is consistent with theories where periodicity originates from a slowly rotating or freely precessing magnetar. Several observational tests are proposed to verify/differentiate between the remaining theories, and pin down which theory explains the periodicity in FRB 180916.
Orbital Clustering Identifies the Origins of Galactic Stellar Streams
Authors: Bonaca Ana , Naidu Rohan P. , Conroy Charlie , Caldwell Nelson , Cargile Phillip A. , Han Jiwon Jesse , Johnson Benjamin D. , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Myeong G. C. , Speagle Joshua S. , Ting Yuan-Sen , Zaritsky Dennis
Published: March 2021

The origins of most stellar streams in the Milky Way are unknown. With improved proper motions provided by Gaia EDR3, we show that the orbits of 23 Galactic stellar streams are highly clustered in orbital phase space. Based on their energies and angular momenta, most streams in our sample can plausibly be associated with a specific (disrupted) dwarf galaxy host that brought them into the Milky Way. For eight streams we also identify likely globular cluster progenitors (four of these associations are reported here for the first time). Some of these stream progenitors are surprisingly far apart, displaced from their tidal debris by a few to tens of degrees. We identify stellar streams that appear spatially distinct, but whose similar orbits indicate they likely originate from the same progenitor. If confirmed as physical discontinuities, they will provide strong constraints on the mass loss from the progenitor. The nearly universal ex situ origin of existing stellar streams makes them valuable tracers of galaxy mergers and dynamical friction within the Galactic halo. Their phase-space clustering can be leveraged to construct a precise global map of dark matter in the Milky Way, while their internal structure may hold clues to the small-scale structure of dark matter in their original host galaxies.
Rapidly Varying Anisotropic Methanol (CH3OH) Production in the Inner Coma of Comet 46P/Wirtanen as Revealed by the ALMA Atacama Compact Array
Authors: Roth Nathan X. , Milam Stefanie N. , Cordiner Martin A. , Bockelée-Morvan Dominique , DiSanti Michael A. , Boissier Jérémie , Biver Nicolas , Crovisier Jacques , Russo Neil Dello , Bonev Boncho P. , Qi Chunhua , Remijan Anthony J. , Charnley Steven B. , Gibb Erika L. , Val-Borro Miguel de , Jehin Emmanuël
Published: March 2021

We report the detection of CH3OH emission in comet 46P/Wirtanen on UT 2018 December 8 and 9 using the Atacama Compact Array (ACA), part of the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA). These interferometric measurements of CH3OH along with continuum emission from dust probed the inner coma (<2000 km from the nucleus) of 46P/Wirtanen approximately one week before its closest approach to Earth (Δ = 0.089–0.092 au), revealing rapidly varying and anisotropic CH3OH outgassing during five separate ACA executions between UT 23:57 December 7 and UT 04:55 December 9, with a clear progression in the spectral line profiles over a timescale of minutes. We present spectrally integrated flux maps, production rates, rotational temperatures, and spectral line profiles of CH3OH during each ACA execution. The variations in CH3OH outgassing are consistent with Wirtanen’s 9 hr nucleus rotational period derived from optical and millimeter wavelength measurements and thus are likely coupled to the changing illumination of active sites on the nucleus. The consistent blue offset of the line center indicates enhanced CH3OH sublimation from the sunward hemisphere of the comet, perhaps from icy grains. These results demonstrate the exceptional capabilities of the ACA for time-resolved measurements of comets such as 46P/Wirtanen.
Determination of amino acids content in two samples of the plant mixtures by GC-MS
Authors: Savych Alona , Marchyshyn Svetlana , Harnyk Myroslava , Kudria Victoria , Ocheretniuk Anna
Published: March 2021

Due to the wide range of biologically active substances, the plant mixtures can influence the development of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Amino acids attract particular attention due to their ability to stimulate insulin secretion, reduce hyperglycemia and regulate metabolic processes in patients with diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the content of amino acids in the plant mixture samples: 1) Cichorium intybus roots, Elymus repens rhizome, Helichrysum arenarium flowers, Rosa majalis fruits, Zea mays columns with stigmas, 2) Urtica dioica leaf, Taraxacum officinale roots, Vaccinium myrtillus leaf, Rosa majalis fruits, Mentha piperita herb, which have proven antidiabetic activity in studies in vivo. The amino acids were separated by validated method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with pre-column derivatisation. Quantitative analyses of amino acids showed that the predominant components were L-proline in the sample 1 and L-leucine and L-proline in the sample 2 of the plant mixtures.
A new species of Odorrana (Anura, Ranidae) from Hunan Province, China
Authors: Zhang Bing , Li Yuan , Hu Ke , Li Pipeng , Gu Zhirong , Xiao Nengwen , Yang Daode
Published: March 2021

A new species, Odorrana sangzhiensissp. nov., is described, based on five specimens from Sangzhi County, Zhangjiajie City, Hunan Province, China. Molecular phylogenetic analyses, based on mitochondrial 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA gene sequences, strongly support the new species as a monophyletic group nested into the O. schmackeri species complex. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: (1) body size medium (SVL: 42.1–45.1 mm in males, 83.3–92.7 mm in females); (2) dorsolateral folds absent; (3) tympanum diameter 1.53 times as long as the width of the disc of finger III in females; 2.3 times in males; (4) dorsal skin green with dense granules and sparse irregular brown spots; males with several large warts on dorsum; (5) two metacarpal tubercles; (6) relative finger lengths: I ≤ II < IV < III; (7) tibiotarsal articulation beyond the tip of the snout; (8) ventral surface smooth in females; throat and chest having pale spinules in adult males; (9) dorsal limbs green or yellow green with brown transverse bands; and (10) paired external vocal sacs located at corners of the throat, finger I with light yellow nuptial pad in males. This discovery increases the number of Odorrana species to 59 and those known from China to 37.
Secukinumab Efficacy on Enthesitis in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis: Pooled Analysis of Four Pivotal Phase III Studies
Authors: Schett Georg , Baraliakos Xenofon , Van den Bosch Filip , Deodhar Atul , Østergaard Mikkel , Gupta Ayan Das , Mpofu Shephard , Fox Todd , Winseck Adam , Porter Brian , Shete Abhijit , Gensler Lianne S.
Published: March 2021

Objective

To assess the efficacy of secukinumab on axial and peripheral enthesitis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) using pooled data from randomized controlled phase III studies.

Methods

In this posthoc analysis, data were pooled from patients originally randomized to secukinumab 150 mg, 300 mg, or placebo (PBO) from phase III MEASURE 1–4 studies (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01358175, NCT01649375, NCT02008916, and NCT02159053). Maastricht AS Enthesitis Score (MASES) was used for assessments of enthesitis through Week 52. Efficacy outcomes were mean change in MASES score and complete resolution (MASES = 0) of enthesitis in patients with baseline MASES > 0.

Results

A total of 693 (71.5%) patients had enthesitis at baseline in secukinumab 300 mg, 150 mg, and PBO groups (58 [76.3%], 355 [70.4%], and 280 [72%], respectively) out of 969 patients pooled in this analysis. At Week 16, mean changes from baseline for overall MASES and enthesitis at axial MASES sites, respectively, were as follows: –2.9 (P < 0.01) and –2.9 (P < 0.01) for secukinumab 300 mg; –2.4 (P < 0.015) and –2.3 (P < 0.05) for secukinumab 150 mg; and –1.9 and –1.8 for PBO, with improvements seen through Week 52. More than one-third of secukinumab-treated patients (300 mg: 36.2%; 150 mg: 40.8%) achieved complete resolution of enthesitis at Week 16.

Conclusion

Secukinumab improved enthesitis at overall MASES and axial sites in patients with AS.
Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Plenary Session From the GRAPPA 2020 Annual Meeting
Authors: Mease Philip J. , Calabrese Leonard H. , Callis Duffin Kristina , Haberman Rebecca H. , Firmino Rodrigo , Scher Jose U. , Schick Lori , Winthrop Kevin , Merola Joseph F.
Published: March 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; caused by SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has affected the healthcare system on a global scale, and we utilized the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) 2020 annual meeting to examine how COVID-19 might affect patients with psoriatic disease (PsD) and the clinicians who care for them. Pressing issues and concerns identified included whether having psoriasis increased the risk of acquiring COVID-19, vaccine safety, and the acceptability of telehealth. The general message from rheumatologists, dermatologists, infectious disease specialists, and patient research partners was that data did not suggest that having PsD or its treatment significantly increased risk of
infection or more severe disease course, and that the telehealth experience was a success overall.
La crédulité du savant
Authors: Riquier Camille
Published: March 2021

À une époque où la science et le progrès paraissent de moins en moins crédibles, le récent ouvrage de Gérald Bronner, Apocalypse cognitive , révèle une foi invincible dans ces idéaux fondateurs de la pensée moderne. Mais le progrès, ainsi conçu, voudrait qu’on lui sacrifie l’homme lui-même.
Le Digital Markets Act
Authors: O Cédric
Published: March 2021

Aux États-Unis comme en Europe, le droit de la concurrence s’est construit sur une longue tradition de lutte contre les monopoles et les concentrations dans le secteur industriel. Les spécificités inhérentes à l’économie numérique exigent aujourd’hui des réformes d’envergure.
Entre investissement personnel et coopération avec les professionnels : ce que disent les parents de l’orientation professionnelle des adolescents et jeunes adultes en situation de « handicap rare » versus « non rare »
Authors: Hugon Mandarine , Joselin Laurence , Toubhans Marie-Pierre
Published: March 2021

L’orientation professionnelle constitue un élément important dans la vie des jeunes mais aussi vis-à-vis des attentes parentales. Il paraît alors essentiel d’interroger le point de vue des parents de jeunes en situation de handicap, sur les leviers et difficultés qu’ils ont pu rencontrer pour accompagner leur adolescent, à l’heure de la société dite inclusive . Vingt et un entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés auprès de parents ayant un enfant en situation de «  handicap rare  » ou «  non rare  ». Si l’analyse comparative des entretiens ne montre pas de différence majeure dans les discours, la coopération entre familles et professionnels est interrogée, notamment dans la recherche de l’épanouissement identitaire et social des jeunes en situation de handicap. Enfin, le fort investissement des parents questionne les enjeux du soutien à la parentalité pour l’avenir du jeune.
La fidélité d’implantation : un facteur de l’efficacité des formations parentales en trouble du spectre de l’autisme
Authors: Rousseau Myriam , McKinnon Suzie , Bourassa Jacinthe , Paquet Annie , Clément Céline
Published: March 2021

L’ABC du comportement d’enfants ayant un TSA : des parents en action ! est un programme s’adressant aux parents d’enfants ayant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme. Malgré les effets positifs documentés, ce programme, tout comme un bon nombre de programmes rencontre des défis lors de son application en contexte d’intervention. Cet article s’intéresse à la fidélité d’implantation de ce programme au Québec. Un total de 17 animatrices et 52 parents ont participé à la recherche. Les résultats tendent à démontrer la fidélité d’implantation du programme et permettent d’identifier des conditions facilitant et freinant sa mise en place. Ces résultats sont susceptibles d’intéresser les établissements désireux d’implanter des nouvelles interventions. Ceux-ci devant être au fait de l’importance de procéder à une évaluation rigoureuse de la fidélité d’implantation d’un programme avant même de penser à ses retombées.
Le numérique pour maintenir la scolarité de jeunes avec des troubles des fonctions motrices pendant le confinement : nouvelles pratiques et nouveaux partenariats
Authors: Leclerc Sandrine , Ferrand Marie-Hélène
Published: March 2021

Dans le contexte du maintien au domicile de tous les élèves en raison de la pandémie en France au cours du premier semestre 2020, cet article se propose de présenter comment une enseignante spécialisée a mis en place un enseignement à distance pour des élèves en situation de handicap moteur avec des troubles cognitifs importants. Il met en avant comment les ressources numériques, déjà inscrites dans les pratiques de classe, ont facilité le maintien du lien entre l’enseignante et les élèves et permis à ceux-ci de poursuivre leurs apprentissages. La situation a également eu pour conséquence le transfert de compétences pédagogiques aux parents, leur donnant une place privilégiée dans la scolarisation de leurs enfants. S’appuyant sur l’équipe pluridisciplinaire de l’institut d’éducation motrice, l’enseignante a répondu aux besoins de ses élèves tout en communiquant régulièrement avec son institution.
L’impact de la crise Covid19 dans le champ de l’inclusion : l’expérience du dispositif habitat Côté Cours du Havre
Authors: Delaroque Marie
Published: March 2021

Nous ne sommes pas ici dans le cadre sanitaire relativement structuré de l’hôpital mais dans le milieu dit ordinaire puisque les personnes sont avant tout des résidents davantage que des malades. La pandémie a obligé équipes d’accompagnement et résidents à faire preuve de créativité pour d’adapter à la situation en minimisant les dangers potentiels liés à la solitude et à la diminution des temps de soins proprement dits. Le bilan de ces pratiques nouvelles et plus souples déployées au cours du premier confinement ont permis de faire un certain nombre de constats optimistes. Aucune ré-hospitalisation durant le confinement, amélioration de l’ empowerment des résidents, développement de leurs capacités d’autonomie améliorant leur propre confiance en eux.
Chroniques d’un hôpital de jour pédopsychiatrique par temps de confinement (printemps 2020)
Authors: Cruveiller Virginie , Le Dref Martin
Published: March 2021

En tant que pédopsychiatres exerçant en hôpital de jour pour enfants autistes dans le service public 1 , nous avons dû réorganiser en urgence les soins et le fonctionnement institutionnel pour les adapter aux contraintes du confinement et à la pandémie. Cette expérience à la fois difficile et stimulante nous a donné l’occasion de repenser certains aspects de notre cadre thérapeutique et a eu des effets forts sur le lien avec les familles de nos patients. Nous proposons ici de partager certaines observations et réflexions faites au décours de cette période de (premier) 2 confinement.
Les droits fondamentaux des patients en soins sans consentement à l’épreuve de la crise sanitaire
Authors: Ferragne André
Published: March 2021

La pandémie et le confinement qui lui est lié ont largement impacté les services de psychiatrie ainsi que ses pratiques qui ont souvent dû s’adapter à cette situation nouvelle car toute mesure sanitaire est potentiellement porteuse de restriction des libertés individuelles. La proportion de malades atteints de la maladie covid au sein des hôpitaux est la même que dans la population générale mais les conditions d’hospitalisation sous contrainte posent un certain nombre de difficultés que les services ont diversement résolues. Le travail du CGPL dans ces conditions a été particulièrement important, mettant en lumière, dans certains établissements, des atteintes aux droits fondamentaux des patients, des mesures normalement exceptionnelles et individualisées devenues systématiques, une confusion entre les règles de confinement et l’isolement lié aux troubles psychiatriques… L’article se termine sur une réflexion pour l’avenir quant à ces mesures de soins sans consentement qui ont diminué en grande proportion pendant l’épidémie. La pandémie nous a montré que cette baisse était possible ce qui constitue un espoir pour l’après covid.