bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CMIP6-based global estimates of future aridity index and potential evapotranspiration for 2021-2060
Authors: Zomer Robert J. , Xu Jianchu , Spano Donatella , Trabucco Antonio
Published: February 2025

The “Future_Global_AI_PET Database” provides high-resolution (30 arc-seconds) average annual and monthly global estimates of potential evapotranspiration (PET) and aridity index (AI) for 22 CMIP6 Earth System Models for two future (2021–2041; 2041–2060) and two historical (1960–1990; 1970–2000) time periods, for each of four shared socio-economic pathways (SSP). Three multimodel ensemble averages are also provided (All; Majority Consensus, High Risk) with different level of risks linked to climate model uncertainty. An overview of the methodological approach, geospatial implementation and a technical evaluation of the results is provided. Historical results were compared for technical validation with weather station data (PET: r 2 = 0.72; AI: r 2 = 0.91) and the CRU_TS v 4.04 dataset (PET: r 2 = 0.67; AI: r 2 = 0.80). Within the context of projected significant change in the near- and medium-term, the “Future_Global_AI_PET Database” provides a set of data projections and tools available for a variety of scientific and practical applications, illustrating trends and magnitude of predicted climatic and eco-hydrological impacts on terrestrial ecosystems. The Future_Global_AI_PET Database is archived in the ScienceDB repository and available online at: https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.nbsdc.00086
Spółki holdingowe jako rzeczywisty właściciel oraz pośrednik dywidendy
Authors: Winnicki Oskar
Published: February 2025

Nowelizacja ustawy o podatku dochodowym od osób prawnych z 2019 r. spowodowała pojawienie się trudności w zakresie stosowania przepisów podatkowych dotyczących podatku u źródła. Definicja legalna rzeczywistego właściciela generuje liczne problemy w stosowaniu zwolnienia przez spółki holdingowe ze względu na występowanie sporów w zakresie, czy prowadzą one działalność spełniającą wymogi definicji „rzeczywistej działalności gospodarczej” zawartej w art. 24a ust. 18 ustawy o podatku dochodowym od osób prawnych (dalej: u.p.d.o.p.), której spełnienie jest niezbędne, by móc skorzystać ze zwolnienia zawartego w art. 22 ust. 4 u.p.d.o.p. W artykule omówione zostaną regulacje dotyczące zwolnienia od podatku u źródła w zakresie problematyki związanej ze spółkami holdingowymi. W opracowaniu postawiona jest teza, że spółki holdingowe mogą spełniać w szerokim znaczeniu dyskusyjne kryterium uprawniające do zwolnienia, tj. mogą być rzeczywistym właścicielem należności. W drugiej części artykułu natomiast analizowana jest możliwość zastosowania koncepcji look through approach w sytuacji, gdy spółka holdingowa jest jedynie pośrednikiem przy wypłacaniu jej dywidendy, w szczególności po publikacji nowych objaśnień Ministerstwa Finansów z 28 września 2023 r.
Glosa do wyroku Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z dnia 29 sierpnia 2023 r. III FSK 423/23
Authors: Koch Przemysław
Published: February 2025

W konsekwencji wydania 4 lipca 2023 roku wyroku Trybunału Konstytucyjnego, w którym uznano za niezgodny z Konstytucją art. 1a ust. 1 pkt 2 ustawy o podatkach i opłatach lokalnych, pojawiło się wiele problemów związanych z ustaleniem treści norm określających zakres opodatkowania budowli na gruncie wyżej wymienionej ustawy. Jednym z najistotniejszych jest kwestia zastosowania uchylonego przepisu w okresie karencji. Tej problematyki dotyczy wyrok Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego w sprawie III FSK 423/23, gdyż zapadłe w nim rozstrzygnięcie zostało oparte na przejściowej normie przewidującej obowiązywanie niekonstytucyjnego przepisu. Możemy znaleźć w nim dookreślenie celu wydania wyroku przez Trybunał Konstytucyjny, jakim było uchylenie niekonstytucyjnej definicji budowli, a nie ograniczenie zakresu przedmiotowego podatku od nieruchomości. Ponadto w glosowanym wyroku sąd zwraca uwagę na sposób, w jaki należy dokonywać wykładni pojęcia budowli w przejściowym stanie prawnym, co ma niebagatelne znaczenie z uwagi na fakt, iż Trybunał w swoim wyroku nie zawarł w tej kwestii żadnych wskazówek. NSA wskazał, że z jednej strony, z uwagi na odroczenie skutku wyroku TK w czasie, uchylony przepis powinien być stosowany w okresie przejściowym, ale z drugiej, nie można udawać, iż nie wiemy o jego niekonstytucyjności. W tym zakresie sąd stwierdził, że należy współstosować uchylony przepis z dorobkiem doktryny i orzecznictwa, a także normami wypływającymi z Konstytucji RP. Wobec powyższego uznałem, że omawiany wyrok zasługuje, aby stać się przedmiotem glosy aprobującej, z uwagi na jego precedensowy charakter i wyznaczenie kierunku, w jakim powinna odbywać się wykładnia norm prawa podatkowego w obowiązującym stanie prawnym.
Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Genetics, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment - A Literature Overview
Authors: Rutkiewicz Maciej , Przygodzka Sabina , Gadżała Katarzyna , Garbino Karolina , Brudniak Katarzyna , Szuścik Antoni , Czyczerska Magdalena
Published: February 2025

Familial hypercholesterolemia is a genetic disorder of lipid management, especially LDL-C. It's inherited autosomal dominant in most cases. The illness is characterized by high, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. According to many researchers, the frequency of prevalence is estimated at 1:200 in the global population. Many studies showed that illness is underdiagnosed and therefore undertreated. There are three known genes coding three different proteins, and changes are in charge of wrong lipid management. These are: LDL-Receptor (LDLR), Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9). People who are affected by mutation have around thirteen times higher risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and, in order to that, premature death. Identifying sickness includes a physical examination, when we can observe xanthomas, corneal arcus, or xanthomata, and scales that focus on the patient's as well as his family's past. A definite diagnosis can be approved by genetic testing, which shows a causable mutation.
The main goal in treatment therapy of familial hypercholesterolemia is to reduce the concentration of  LDL-C in serum. First of all, patients should know what to do to reduce LDL-C levels. Education is critical for understanding the problem and creating a successful course. Moreover, it is necessary to quit smoking, increase physical activity, and reduce cholesterol, elevating products from diet such as saturated fats and alcohol. Weight reduction is recommended. In addition, pharmacological treatment must be performed. All individuals have statins implemented. In most cases, one drug isn't enough, so therapy containing ezetimib is common. Novel treatments, including monoclonal antibodies (mAb), antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), and PCSK9- inhibitors nowadays, are used with greater frequency and better results, providing higher efficiency in achieving targets.
Doughnut Economics, Appreciative Inquiry and Design Thinking: Designing a Desired Future
Authors: Aitken Shelagh , Hauger Bjørn
Published: February 2025

Bjørn Hauger, a social scientist, has been working with Appreciative Inquiry in Norway for over twenty years. His interest in using Appreciative Inquiry as a tool to address the most pressing global crises of our time led him to Doughnut Economics, which emphasizes transforming profit-driven companies into purpose-driven organizations. This in turn led to the first Doughnut Festival in 2022 and, in November 2024, a Regenerative AI Summit to initiate sustainability efforts inspired by Doughnut Economics within the Norwegian municipality of Tønsberg.
Scattering the Seeds of Appreciative Inquiry
Authors: Morris Nicole S
Published: February 2025

The recent publication of Better and Better: Creating a Culture of Purpose, Excellence, and Transformative Human Engagement by Bob Stiller, founder of Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, reignited my connection to his remarkable journey and unwavering belief in Appreciative Inquiry. The Stiller Family Foundation’s generous gift sparked my own learning journey, allowing me to apply Appreciative Inquiry principles personally and professionally, transforming my approach to leadership, relationships and everyday interactions.
UNA VEZ OÍ CONTAR UNA HISTORIA: EL ROCK ANDALUZ Y LA RENOVACIÓN DE LOS LENGUAJES EXPRESIVOS.
Authors: Puertas Santiago Carmen
Published: February 2025

Este trabajo se acerca al estudio del rock andaluz desde una perspectiva
multidimensional. En este sentido, el desarrollo y la línea argumental desde la que
se aborda su comprensión señala la imbricación entre lo musical, lo sociocultural
y lo histórico-artístico. Para localizar estas interrelaciones y profundizar en sus
singularidades atiende, en primer lugar, a las diferentes formas de nombrar
y significar los contenidos e implicaciones del término, así como las distintas
aportaciones que desde el ámbito académico y científico han tomado al rock
andaluz como objeto de interés para su análisis. Posteriormente, expone otros
procesos socioculturales, sonoros y políticos, interactuantes entre sí, que dieron
lugar a su gestación y desarrollo; en todo caso, íntimamente ligado a la renovación
de los lenguajes expresivos. Entendiendo que, la renovación estético-artística y
sonoro-musical contenidas y producidas en el rock andaluz, comprenden una
pluralidad de influencias y singularidades que imposibilitan pensarlo como un
hecho homogéneo o monolítico. Por último, emerge algunas de las continuidades y resignificaciones más relevantes respecto a su tratamiento y consideración en la
actualidad.
Breast Cancer Dormancy – Lessons Learnt
Authors: Yang Jiaxing , Choi Hana , Chowdhury Erikka , Etchegaray Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2025

Despite early diagnosis and improved treatments, breast cancer remains a challenging disease. A strategic advantage for breast cancer recurrence is the ability of breast cancer cells to become quiescent and survive for decades in a dormant state within the endosteal region of the bone marrow. Breast cancer dormancy is triggered by exosome vesicles secreted by mesenchymal stem cells residing in the bone marrow. By mechanisms yet to be determined, dormant breast cancer cells are awakened leading to resurgence and metastasis. Experimental evidence supports the notion that dormant breast cancer cells are cancer stem cells recognized as tumor initiating and propagating cells with chemoresistant and metastatic properties. These cells represent less than 2% of the total tumor mass, which impose a significant barrier for their therapeutic targeting. This review focuses on cellular and molecular properties of breast cancer dormancy including tumor microenvironment, epigenetic regulation, cell signaling and metabolic reprogramming.
Indian Hip Surveillance Guidelines for Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors:   Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic & Spine Surgery, Children’s Orthopaedic Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Johari Ashok N , Ganjwala Dhiren ,   Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Ganjwala Orthopaedic Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India., Aroojis Alaric ,   Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Published: February 2025

Guidelines
Preamble:
Hip displacement is the second most common musculoskeletal impairment in children with cerebral palsy (CP). More than one-third of the children are affected by this problem. Hip displacement in children with CP is often asymptomatic until the hip is partially or fully dislocated, resulting in pain, gait disturbances, impaired sitting balance, difficulty in perineal care and pressure sores. The incidence of hip displacement is much higher in non-ambulatory children.

It is now well-known that hip surveillance programmes can effectively detect hip displacement early, leading to earlier proactive management with better outcomes. National and provincial hip surveillance programmes have been developed and adopted in various regions of the world, with evidence supporting the role of surveillance in preventing dislocations and avoiding the need for salvage surgery.

To offer similar benefits to Indian children with CP, a guidelines development project on National Hip Surveillance Program for Cerebral Palsy was initiated in May 2020. Based on the outcome of the one-year guidelines’ development project, this guidelines document was prepared from an Indian practice perspective.

About development of this Indian guideline:
Professional organisations whose members are involved in the care of children with CP were involved in the formation of this guideline. A National Expert Committee was constituted with representatives of these organisations. Advice was sought from international experts on this topic who acted as the Advisory Committee.

In phase 1: The Expert Committee reviewed more than 80 published research articles related to various aspects of hip displacement in CP. Key points from these articles were listed. National guidelines from other countries/regions were also reviewed, discussed and referred.

In phase 2: All important questions related to hip surveillance were listed. These questions were circulated to all the members of the expert committee. The Delphi process was used to develop consensus on these practical questions. When more than 80% of group members agreed to a particular viewpoint, it was considered as a consensus. With two rounds of the Delphi process, the committee reached a consensus on every single question. Consensus statements were listed.

In phase 3: The guideline was drafted based on these consensus statements. The main document was written keeping the from a healthcare professional’s perspective. A simple version of this guideline was also prepared to spread awareness about this important message to the caregivers / family / healthcare aid workers.
Lever Arm dysfunction of Hips in Cerebral Palsy
Authors:   Trishla Foundation, Tagore Town, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India., Jain Jitendra Kumar
Published: February 2025

In cerebral palsy, hip dysfunction is the second most common problem after equines deformity. Abnormal skeletal development of the proximal femur due to abnormal forces in cerebral palsy leads to lever arm function by reducing the length of the lever arm contributing to one of very important causes of gait abnormality. High hip anteversion, high neck shaft angle, subluxation, and dislocation are the most common lever arm dysfunctions at the hip joint. This lever arm dysfunction increases progressively with age and correspondence to GMFCS level. If not identified at a very early stage then it may progress to completely deform the femoral head & hip joint. Early identification and preventive surgery help in preventing progression in GMFCS I to III but can progress despite of preventive surgery in non-walker children FMFCS IV & V. Recurrence of the problem is also very common in non-walker children. So we need detailed information about the lever arm problem in the hip and how to deal with this problem in cerebral palsy children. In this article, we have discussed etiology, and how to identify and management protocols for different lever arm dysfunctions of the hip in cerebral palsy.
Keywords: Cerebral palsy, Lever arm dysfunction of hip, Hip subluxation, Anteversion
Revision Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Combined With Secondary Pectoralis Major Transfer for Tray-Taper Breakage and Internal Rotational Dysfunction: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yeosu Baek Hospital, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea., Baek Chang Hee , Kim Bo Taek ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yeosu Baek Hospital, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea., Kim Jung Gon ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yeosu Baek Hospital, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) has become a pivotal intervention for managing rotator cuff arthropathy in the elderly, showing consistent improvements in pain relief and shoulder function. However, the broad spectrum of indications for RTSA is accompanied by a notable incidence of complications, prompting continuous advancements in technology and surgical techniques.

Case Report: This case report presents an uncommon complication rarely discussed in the existing literature – humeral tray-taper breakage after RTSA. The patient, a 68-year-old with a history of rotator cuff repair surgery, underwent RTSA with concurrent subscapularis repair due to rotator cuff arthropathy. Postoperatively, the patient gradually reported weakness in internal rotation (IR), leading to a subsequent secondary pectoralis major (PM) transfer. However, following an incident where the patient experienced acute pain due to a slip, a tray-taper breakage in the implant was revealed. To address the broken implant and the weakness in IR, the patient underwent revision RTSA combined with the PM transfer. With a post-operative rehabilitation program, at 1 year and 6 months postoperatively, the patient demonstrated significant pain relief and improved functional outcomes.

Conclusion: The case report underscores the importance of recognizing and addressing rare complications associated with RTSA, providing insights into the management of humeral tray-taper breakage. Furthermore, combined PM transfer to RTSA could be a solution to weakness in IR. This case report emphasizes the need for careful consideration of potential complications and innovative solutions for optimal patient outcomes.

Level of Evidence IV: Case report.

Keywords: Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty, revision shoulder arthroplasty, complication
Tuberculosis of Rib: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors:   Department of Orthopedics, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,, Jain Mantu , Mohapatra Shibashis ,   Department of Orthopedics, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,, Tripathy Sujit ,   Department of Orthopedics, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,, Mishra Bijaynatimala ,   Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, Lubaib K P ,   Department of Orthopedics, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,, Bhagat Ankit ,   Department of Orthopedics, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Primary tuberculosis (TB) of a rib is a very uncommon presentation and accounts for <1% of musculoskeletal TB.

Case Report: This case report studies a 34-year-old immunocompetent individual who presented with dull-aching right-side lower chest wall pain and swelling with constitutional symptoms. A routine X-ray of the chest was performed, which revealed no abnormality. Therefore, magnetic resonance imaging was performed given soft-tissue swelling, which suggested an extra-pulmonary swelling with lytic 9th rib lesion TB. The diagnosis was confirmed using a gene-expert of ultrasound-guided aspirated material. A drug susceptibility test was done, and it was found to be rifampicin sensitive. Hence, the patient was started on anti-tubercular therapy. The patient responded to it remarkably and was symptom-free at the end of 1 year.

Conclusion: The case illustrates that a high degree of suspicion, early diagnosis, and timely intervention are the key to management.

Keywords: Tuberculosis, ribs, antitubercular therapy.
Osteonecrosis with Concomitant Septic Arthritis of Bilateral Hips following Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Medicover Hospitals, HITEC City, Hyderabad, Telangana, India., Parameswaran Apurve , Mohammed Murtuza A ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Medicover Hospitals, HITEC City, Hyderabad, Telangana, India., Gautam Deepak ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Medicover Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Malhotra Rajesh ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India., Apsingi Sunil ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Medicover Hospitals, HITEC City, Hyderabad, Telangana, India., Eachempati Krishna K ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Medicover Hospitals, HITEC City, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Among the various musculoskeletal manifestations of post-acute Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome, osteonecrosis and pyogenic infections are of serious concern due to their potential for joint destruction and the need for major surgery, even among young patients. Spontaneous septic arthritis is rare among healthy adults. Very few cases of osteonecrosis of the femoral heads (ONFH) with concomitant septic arthritis of the hip following a COVID-19 infection are reported in the literature.

Case Report: We report the case of a 43-year-old male patient, who presented with bilateral ONFHs and concomitant septic arthritis of the hips (caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa), 8 weeks following a severe COVID-19 infection. His serum inflammatory markers were elevated. Radiologic findings were equivocal, and suggestive of osteonecrosis, with possible septic arthritis of the hip. In view of disabling end-stage arthritis, he was advised bilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA), in one or two stages, depending on the intraoperative findings. The diagnosis of infection was confirmed through intraoperative frozen section analysis. Bilateral two-staged THA was performed. At 3 years’ follow-up, the patient had no recurrence of symptoms, and was found to be doing well, with a Harris Hip Score of 93 points, and no limb length discrepancy.

Conclusion: COVID-19 infection predisposes patients to the development of ONFH. Concomitant septic arthritis of the hip, however, is scarcely reported, and needs to be ruled out in cases with rapid progression of symptoms.

Keywords: Severe acute respiratory syndrome, Coronavirus disease 2019, osteonecrosis, septic arthritis, post-acute Coronavirus disease 2019 syndrome.
A Fresh Start for Editing the Latin Physiognomoniae Liber
Authors: Welsh Jarrett
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Editors have treated Liège, Bibliothèque de l’Université, ms 77 (= L) as the best witness to the Latin Physiognomoniae liber . That manuscript is instead interpolated, combining two different versions of a text whose relationship has not been determined. That fact undermines the stemma on which modern editions are based. Abstract: Les éditeurs ont traité le manuscrit 77 de la Bibliothèque de l’Université de Liège (= L) comme la meilleure source se rapportant au Traité de Physiognomonie (Anonyme Latin). En réalité, ce manuscrit a souffert d’interpolations : il combine deux versions différentes d’un texte dont la relation exacte n’a pas été déterminée. Ce constat ébranle les fondements sur lesquels les éditions modernes reposent
Sulla and Electoral Authoritarianism
Authors: Smith Timothy
Published: February 2025

Abstract: This article explores L. Cornelius Sulla’s control of elections during his dictatorship from 82 to 80 b.c. and analyzes the immediate impact of this control on elections in Rome in the early 70s. Drawing on approaches employed by political science to help understand the intent behind holding uncompetitive “authoritarian elections,” it offers a novel approach to the study of ancient elections. It then explores elections in the immediate aftermath of his dictatorship, tentatively arguing that the desired long-term effect was to suppress and provide structures to control electoral competition even after his dictatorship. Abstract: Cet article explore le contrôle exercé par L. Cornelius Sylla sur les élections lors de sa dictature (82–80 av. j.-c.) et analyse l’impact immédiat de ce contrôle sur les élections à Rome au début des années 70. En s’inspirant d’approches employées en sciences politiques pour identifier les raisons qui sous-tendent la tenue d’« élections autoritaires » non compétitives, il propose une nouvelle façon d’étudier les élections antiques. Par la suite, il explore les élections tenues immédiatement après la fin de la dictature de Sylla, et suggère que l’objectif à long terme était de créer des structures capables de contrôler la compétition électorale même après la fin de sa dictature.
Emendations in Valerius Flaccus Argonautica Book 4
Authors: Kayachev Boris
Published: February 2025

Abstract: The paper tackles about a dozen passages from Book 4 of Valerius’ Argonautica , arguing that the poem’s text remains full of unsolved problems. Abstract: Cet article aborde une douzaine de passages tirés du livre 4 des Argonautiques de Valerius Flaccus. Il soutient que le texte du poème fourmille de problèmes non résolus à ce jour.
Trap loss spectroscopy of ultra-cold Rydberg atoms involved in microwave fields
Authors: Cao Yifei , Zhang Hao , Zhang Linjie , Xiao Liantuan , Jia Suotang
Published: February 2025

Trap loss spectroscopy, based on fluorescence detection, provides a real-time measurement technique that is advantageous for ultra-cold atomic systems, to monitor the interaction between microwave fields and Rydberg atoms. By employing the polarization combinations of excitation lasers and microwave fields, we achieve trap loss spectroscopy of multi-path transitions in magnetic Rydberg hyperfine states and observe Zeeman broadening. The contributions of laser power, Zeeman effect, and collision effects to the broadening of the trap loss spectrum were comprehensively analyzed. Additionally, we have observed the broadening and splitting of the trap loss spectrum in response to variations in microwave field power and frequency. The transition from broadening to splitting of the spectral profile is observed with an increase in microwave field power. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of trap loss spectroscopy exhibited a proportional relationship with the square root of microwave power, while the peak separation demonstrated a direct proportionality with higher microwave power. Our detailed exploration of trap loss spectroscopy under microwave fields may provide what we believe to be a novel approach for microwave field sensing.
25 W continuous-wave fiber gas Raman laser at 1.9 μm wavelength based on low-loss anti-resonant hollow-core fiber
Authors: Yu Fei , li yunfu , chen zhuo , zhu xinyue , Wu Dakun
Published: February 2025

We report continuous operation of stimulated Raman scattering at 1.9 μm wavelength based on hydrogen-filled antiresonant hollow-core fiber for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Using a single-frequency fiber laser at 1 μm as the pump source, a maximum of over 25 W Stokes is measured after a single pass in a 47 m nested type of AR-HCF filled with hydrogen gas of 10 bar pressure, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 40 % and a quantum efficiency of 72.5 %. Backward stimulated Raman scattering is observed at the same time and a maximum power of over 5 W is measured at a higher pressure of 30 bar. This work demonstrates the potential of gas-filled AR-HCF in the high power nonlinear wavelength conversion in the mid-infrared spectral region.
The placenta as a cradle, but not source, of blood?
Authors: Chen Julie Y. , Loh Kyle M.
Published: February 2025

An important question is whether the placenta is a source of, or merely a niche for, blood-forming hematopoietic stem cells. A recent PLOS Biology study suggests that the placenta does not directly give rise to hematopoietic stem cells.
Anti-racist and anti-colonial content within US global health curricula
Authors: Fanny Sanemba Aya , Rule Amy , Crouse Heather L. , Hudspeth James C. , Hodge Bethany , Rus Marideth , Haq Heather
Published: February 2025

There is a growing interest to address pervasive racist and colonialist practices in global health (GH). However, there is a paucity of information on anti-racist and anti-colonial (ARAC) education for GH trainees. This study aimed to identify curricular strengths and gaps in ARAC content for pediatric, family medicine and emergency medicine trainees participating in GH. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of GH programs’ ARAC curricular content from May 2021 to January 2022. The survey was distributed to 148 GH program educational leaders via email. Descriptive statistics were used to describe quantitative data and comments were reviewed for common themes. The survey response rate was 44% (n = 65). The most represented programs were pediatric residency GH tracks (n = 24, 37%) and emergency medicine (n = 13, 20%), family medicine (n = 4, 6%) and pediatric emergency medicine (n = 6, 9%) GH fellowships. 28% of programs (n = 18) did not have faculty who identify as underrepresented minorities or international medical graduates. 56 programs (86%) had a formal GH pre-departure curriculum. The following areas were the least covered in respondents’ curricula: anti-racism (n = 34, 53%), white saviorism (n = 34, 53%), history of GH (n = 24, 37.5%). 63% (n = 40) had bidirectional exchanges of trainees or faculty, but often with significant limitations. While most GH programs recognized the need for formal pre-departure training prior to international experiences, we identified a lack of diversity among GH faculty, significant areas for improvement in curricular content, and a need for more robust bi-directional partnerships. A more equitable future in GH hinges on addressing these educational gaps.
Using the ADAPT guidance to culturally adapt a brief intervention to reduce alcohol use among injury patients in Tanzania
Authors: Staton Catherine A. , Zimmerman Armand , Pesambili Msafiri , Phillips Ashley J. , Tupetz Anna , Perez de Souza Joao Vitor , Boshe Judith , Pantalon Michael H. , Swahn Monica , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Nickenig Vissoci Joao Ricardo
Published: February 2025

Harmful alcohol use is a leading risk factor for injury-related death and disability in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Brief negotiational interventions (BNIs) in emergency departments (EDs) effectively reduce alcohol intake and re-injury rates. However, most BNIs are developed in high-income countries, with limited evidence of their effectiveness in LMICs. To address this gap, we culturally adapted a BNI for alcohol-related injury patients at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC), a tertiary hospital in Tanzania. Our study followed the ADAPT guidance to culturally adapt an existing high-income country BNI for use in the KCMC, a tertiary hospital in Tanzania. The adaptation included: 1) a systematic review of effective alcohol harm reduction interventions in similar settings; 2) consultations with local and international healthcare professionals experienced in counseling and substance abuse treatment; 3) group discussions to refine goals and finalize adaptations. The adapted BNI protocol and assessment scales ensured intervention fidelity. At KCMC, 30% of injury patients screened positive for alcohol use disorder (AUD), with a five-fold increased risk of injury, primarily from road traffic accidents and violence. A systematic review highlighted limited data on patient-level interventions in low-resource settings. Our adapted BNI, ‘Punguza Pombe Kwa Afya Yako (PPKAY)’, based on the FRAMES model, showed high feasibility and acceptability, with 84% of interventions achieving ≥80% adherence and 98% patient satisfaction. PPKAY is the first culturally adapted alcohol BNI for injury patients in an African ED. Our study demonstrates our approach to adapting substance use interventions for use in low resource settings and shows that cultural adaptation of alcohol use interventions is feasible, beneficial and empowering for our team. Our study lays a framework and method for other low resourced settings to integrate cultural adaptation into the implementation of a BNI in low resource EDs.
The impact of apolipoprotein E, type ∊4 allele on Alzheimer’s disease pathological biomarkers: a comprehensive post-mortem pilot-analysis
Authors: Wan Ziyu , Ma Tao
Published: February 2025

The apolipoprotein E type ∊4 allele (ApoE4) is known as the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Meanwhile, many aspects of its impact on AD pathology remain underexplored. This study conducts a systematic data analysisof donor data from the Seattle Alzheimer’s Disease Brain Cell Atlas. Our investigation delves into the intricate interplay between identified biomarkers and their correlation with ApoE4 across all severities of AD. Employing Pearson R correlation, and one-way and two-way ANOVA tests, we elucidate the pathological changes in biomarkers and the altering effects of ApoE4. Remarkably, the phosphorylation of tau observed in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) marked by the AT8 antibody, emerges as the most correlated factor with other pathological biomarkers. This correlation is mediated by both tau and amyloid pathology, suggesting a higher hierarchical role in determining AD pathological effects than other biomarkers. However, non-ApoE4 carriers exhibit a more significant correlation with disease progression severity compared to ApoE4 carriers, though ApoE4 carriers demonstrate significance in exacerbating the effect of accumulating phosphorylated tau and amyloid plaques assessed by AT8 and 6E10 antibodies. Furthermore, our analysis does not observe dramatic neuronal changes in grey matter across the span of AD pathology. Glia activation, measured by Iba1 and GFAP, demonstrates an amyloid-specific correlation. This research marks the first human post-mortem analysis providing a comprehensive examination of prevailing AD biomarkers and their interconnectedness with pathology and ApoE4 genetic factor. Limitations in the study are acknowledged, underscoring the need for further exploration and refinement in future research endeavors.
Therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy in Sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review
Authors: Buxton-Tetteh Naa A. , Pillay Shakti , Kali Gugulabatembunamahlubi T. J. , Horn Alan R.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

There are divergent views and limited data regarding therapeutic hypothermia (TH) for neonatal hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Our aim was to map and synthesize the published literature describing the use of TH for HIE in SSA, and the associated outcomes.

Method

We searched Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science from 1 January 1996 to 31 December 2023 for research studies, protocols, feasibility studies and surveys on term and near-term babies with HIE (population) treated with TH (concept) in SSA (context).

Results

Thirty records were included: Three surveys, one feasibility study and 26 publications describing 23 studies of 21 cohorts, cooling 1420 babies in South Africa, Uganda, and Ghana. There were five studies recruiting at follow-up, five pilot studies, one randomised controlled trial, one case series, and 10 birth cohorts. The methods and design of the studies were highly variable and often inadequate. Only three studies with adequately described and validated cooling methods, non-selective sequential recruitment, and neurological outcomes were identified. Two studies of babies from birth, both with intensive care facilities, reported survival with normal/mildly abnormal outcome in 71% at discharge in one study, and 71% at 12 months in another, with 16% cerebral palsy (CP) in survivors, and only 16% loss to follow-up. The third study, which only included clinic attenders after TH without intensive care, reported 7% CP in survivors, but 36% loss to follow-up.

Conclusions

Data from the adequately described TH studies in SSA indicate outcomes at discharge and twelve months which are similar to global norms. However, these data are limited to South Africa. Interpretation of other studies was limited by loss to follow-up, variable methodology and exclusion of babies with severe HIE in some studies. There is a need for standardised definitions to facilitate interpretation in TH studies.
Cuproptosis-related lncRNAs and genes: Potential markers for glioblastoma prognosis and treatment
Authors: Chen Yajia , Zhang Jingxian , Zheng Weiqian , Xu Hongwu
Published: February 2025

Despite the availability of various treatment options, glioblastoma (GBM) remains an extremely aggressive form of glioma with a poor prognosis. In recent studies, regulatory cell death (RCD) has been identified as an effective mechanism to suppress glioma. Cuproptosis, caused by intracellular copper, is a novel RCD process that affects chemotherapy efficacy and glioma progression; however, the precise function of cuproptosis-related lncRNAs (CRLs) and cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in GBM remains uncertain. To determine whether CRLs and CRGs have prognostic significance, a GBM cohort in TCGA to build a novel cuproptosis-related risk model. Two high-risk CRLs (AC091182.2, AC005229.4) and their co-expression CRGs (LIPT2, GLS) were identified and verified to constitute an independent prognostic indicator of GBM. RT-qPCR analysis confirmed that the high-risk CRLs and CRGs were highly expressed in GBM cells compared to normal astrocytes. By constructing a mouse GBM model, high-risk CRLs and CRGs were found to be expressed at higher levels in tumor tissues. Furthermore, to verify whether these CRLs and CRGs are associated with GBM cuproptosis, cuproptosis cell models were constucted in GBM cell lines and astrocyte by using Elesclomol and CuCl2. It was found that the expression of high-risk CRLs and CRGs was decreased upon cuproptosis-induced in GBM cells. Interestingly, normal astrocytes were less sensitive than GBM cells to cuproptosis-inducing drugs, and the effects of the drugs on the expression of the CRLs and CRGs in normal astrocytes were opposite to that of in GBM cells. In conclusion, by constructing a novel cuproptosis-related risk model, two high-risk CRLs and CRGs were identified. Their specific pointing to GBM has been demonstrated through a variety of experiments. These CRLs and CRGs might serve as prognostic markers and indicators for GBM and provide theoretical support for future GBM treatment.
Morphological evidence supports splitting of species in the North Atlantic Sebastes spp. complex
Authors: Bruvold Ingrid Marie , Hansen Agneta , Lynghammar Arve , Höffle Hannes , Hanebrekke Tanja , Tranang Caroline Aas , Nedreaas Kjell , Nilssen Einar , Saha Atal , Johansen Torild
Published: February 2025

The redfishes (genus Sebastes) are long-lived, commercial species in the North Atlantic. Excessive harvest through decades has led to a decline in the mature population of golden redfish (Sebastes norvegicus) in Norwegian waters, which is currently considered severely depleted. Accumulating genetic evidence suggests a more complex structure within this genus in the North Atlantic, which has recently inspired the hypotheses of cryptic species within S. norvegicus. Despite apparent genetic divergence between two types, they have yet to be verified morphologically. The morphology of genetically assigned fishes from Norwegian and Greenland waters was investigated using traditional morphometric methods, applying Linear Discriminant Analysis and Random Forest classification procedures to identify and evaluate the performance of descriptive characters. Combined with non-parametric meristic analysis, the results show that features such as beak length and eye diameter provide sufficient discrimination between the proposed cryptic species as well as separating them from the sympatric species S. mentella and S. viviparus. These findings support the presence of an additional redfish species in the North Atlantic, distinguishable both by morphological and genetic characters. This needs to be taken into consideration in future monitoring and management strategies for North Atlantic redfish.
Analysis of the kinematic pattern of free throw by wheelchair basketball athletes: a systematic review
Authors: de Oliveira Silva Hugo Vinícius , de Sá Karina Santos Guedes , Gorla José Irineu , Costa e Silva Anselmo Athayde , Bertoncello Dernival
Published: February 2025

Athletes are stratified into classes that range from 1.0 to 4.5 points subdivided at intervals of 0.5 points in the Wheelchair Basketball (WCB) modality. The discussion regarding the non-utilization of quantitative data based on functional classification (FC) in WCB has become considerably important for research due to its impact on athletes’ careers. The aim of this systematic review was to verify the kinematic patterns of the free throw performed by WCB athletes of distinct FC. After researching four online databases, only 7 out of 68 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. High-class players (classes 3.0 – 4.5) presented a throw pattern, with a greater angle on the shoulder joint, on the angular speed of the wrist, and the height of the ball throw; low-class athletes (classes 1.0 – 2.5) exhibited a pushing pattern, with greater speed and throw angles, greater angular speed at the shoulder and elbow joints. Thus, inter-individual differences allow for the stratification of players into distinct classes and serve as relevant tools for increasing accuracy and performance despite different disabilities. Further studies are necessary to explore the associated patterns for each FC.
E-B-ocimene and brood cannibalism: Interplay between a honey bee larval pheromone and brood regulation in summer dearth colonies
Authors: Carroll Mark J. , Brown Nicholas , Huang Eden
Published: February 2025

Honey bees balance colony populations against available food resources by adjusting brood rearing during nutritionally-stressed periods. Workers limit colony populations primarily through brood cannibalism of eggs and young larvae but often resume brood rearing when conditions improve. However, extended brood cannibalism reduces brood and removes brood signals that mediate brood rearing, such as E-β-ocimene, a volatile pheromone produced by eggs, young larvae, prepupae and ovipositing queens. We examined the effects of pollen supplementation on ocimene signaling in nutritionally-stressed colonies. Pollen-deprived colonies showed declines in ocimene emissions that coincided with sustained brood cannibalism of pheromone-producing brood. In contrast, pollen-supplemented colonies reared more brood and released more ocimene. Twelve day old workers that completed adult development in pollen-deprived colonies had less well developed hypopharyngeal glands and fat bodies than workers that matured in pollen-supplemented colonies. Given that ocimene emissions increased once brood rearing resumed, we considered the possibility that ocimene may help suppress brood cannibalism and support egg retention in nutritionally stressed nuc colonies. Broodless nucleus frames were treated with synthetic ocimene releases equivalent to 3,744 L2-L3 larvae. All ocimene-supplemented nucs retained large numbers of eggs and young larvae four days after initial treatment. By contrast, half of the unsupplemented nucs cannibalized all of their eggs and L1 larvae. Most of the remaining unsupplemented nuc colonies retained fewer eggs and L1 larvae than ocimene supplemented nuc colonies. E-B-ocimene may prime nutritionally stressed workers to increase brood rearing during dearth periods by projecting the presence of healthy eggs and young larvae.
Emergency care utilization by refugee children compared to controls: A statewide database analysis
Authors: Abrams Anna H. , Leonard Jan , Brewer Sarah E. , Young Janine , Adelgais Kathleen M.
Published: February 2025

Background

Refugees face barriers to accessing healthcare despite provision of short-term services after arrival. Limited access to sustained primary care may lead to increased emergency department (ED) utilization and little is known regarding how refugee children access emergency care.

Objective

To compare the proportion of ED claims and median level of service (LOS) between refugee children and general population controls in a statewide claims database.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of medical claims for patients aged 0 to 18 years old in a statewide claims database from 2014–2019. Refugee claims were identified using deterministic linkage of children with known refugee status. Procedure and diagnosis ICD9/10, Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System, and Current Procedural Terminology codes were obtained from the statewide database to indicate type of claim (ED vs outpatient) and LOS. Demographics were extracted from a data warehouse. Primary outcome was the number of ED claims per 1000 combined ED and outpatient claims. LOS was measured as a proxy for ED visit complexity. We compared demographics, frequency of claims, and median LOS using chi-square.

Results

There were 5,590,808 total claims with 1,235,476 ED claims. Median number of ED claims per individual patient was the same between groups, however the proportion of claims related to an ED visit was significantly higher in the refugee population than the general population controls (244 vs 221, p = 0.001). Median LOS for ED claims was Level 3 (99283) and there was no difference between groups.

Conclusion

Proportion of ED claims was higher in a refugee population compared to controls with no differences in LOS, indicating higher ED utilization among refugees for all acuity levels. Further study is needed to determine if healthcare disparities account for this difference and if population specific services may support the care of the refugee children.
Protocol on a systematic review of nomenclature and outcomes in children with complex critical illness in Paediatric Critical Care: The basis for consensus definition
Authors: Cuevas-Asturias Sofia , Rafferty Claire , Mitchell Hannah , Tremlett William , Ramnarayan Padmanabhan , Pattison Natalie
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Paediatric Critical Care (PCC) supports the recovery of children with severe illness. In the UK, there are 30 PCC units with a total of approximately 400 beds. There is constant demand for these beds with a mean five-day length of stay and admissions increasing at a greater rate than age-specific population growth. Prolonged stay patients account for approximately half of all PCC patient bed days. Children with complex critical illness (CCI) need input from multiple different teams alongside support for their family. CCI often become prolonged PCC-stay patients too. Internationally, there is variation in the definition of CCI, this creates service variation and tensions around what resources can be provided including discharge planning, provision, and support. Objective: The face of Paediatric Critical Care, in the UK and internationally has changed over the last ten years with a growing cohort of complex critically ill patients. This systematic review aims to look at current nomenclature, criteria, and outcome measures of priority in this undefined patient population.

Methods and materials

Inclusion criteria: All types of studies examining children with complex critical illness (age <18 years) admitted to any paediatric critical care. The review is registered on Prospero. Medline, Embase, Maternity and Infant care, The Cochrane Library, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and the Trip database will be searched from 2014 to May 2024. The search was limited to ten years as children with complex critical illness are a relatively new concept within PCC. Therefore, the timeline was limited to increase the accuracy and applicability of the review. Search limits included all languages, excluded the setting of neonatal intensive care, and age>18 years old. The final search strategy was developed in Medline and peer-reviewed by a health research librarian not involved in the study. This was translated to other databases as appropriate. Four independent reviewers will screen citations for eligible studies and perform data extraction.

Discussion

A systematic review methodology has been used to develop a broad understanding of the literature which will be used to develop further work in this area. Using a rigorous and stepwise approach, the whole spectrum of scientific publications on children with complex critical illness in paediatric intensive care will be reviewed, ensuring this study is as comprehensive as possible. This includes quantitative, qualitative, theoretical, and grey literature. A limitation of this systematic review is the use of many terms to describe children with complex critical illness in the literature resulting in a high number of publications on this topic.