bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Vaccinated Children and Adolescents with HBsAg-positive Parents: Is Routine Vaccination Sufficient?
Authors: Bakhshipour Alireza , Khalili Manijeh , Rafaiee Raheleh
Published: January 2022

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a severe public health problem in Iran. This study was conducted to investigate the intrafamilial transmission of HBV in vaccinated children whose one or both parents were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Methods: In a study with retrospective cohort design, 110 exposed cases with HBsAg-positive parent(s) were compared with 110 unexposed controls of the same sex and age groups. The participants were directly asked about demographic characteristics, medical history, and vaccinations. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for HBV infection markers using the ELIZA method. Results: Overall, 1.8% HBsAg (P = 0.15) and 13.6% hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) (P < 0.0001) positivity rates were detected in the exposed group. The hepatitis B surface antibody titer (HBsAb) showed that 34.5% of cases and 56.3% of controls had HBsAb levels > 10 IU/L. There was a significant difference in the protective HBsAb level between the two groups (P < 0.0001). There were significant associations between HBsAb level and gender in the exposed group and decreased HBsAb levels and age. Conclusions: The high rate of positive HBcAb and HBsAg and decreasing HBsAb levels with age in this study indicate that routine childhood vaccination programs are inadequate in preventing HBV transmission and vaccine routes changing or further booster vaccination is essential. Effective case finding in vaccinated children with HBsAg-positive parents, intradermal vaccination, and hepatitis B immunoglobulin in newborns with HBsAg-positive fathers are suggested.
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccine-Associated Lymphadenitis in Children
Authors: Shamsizadeh Ahmad , Nikfar Roya , Nazari Sina
Published: January 2022

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most important infectious diseases worldwide. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is a live attenuated vaccine, entered into the childhood immunization program by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1974 to prevent TB. One of the relatively common complications of BCG vaccination is regional lymphadenitis. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the lymphadenitis incidence in BCG-vaccinated children in southwest Iran. Methods: In a prospective descriptive study, infants born from March to June 2017 were evaluated for BCG vaccine complications at two, four, six, nine, and 12 months of age in Ahvaz, southwestern Iran. Results: The study enrolled 1,506 infants (794 males and 712 females). Among the vaccinated infants, four (0.26%) had injection site reactions, and 106 (7.03%) presented lymphadenitis (66 males and 40 females). The lymphadenitis rate was significantly higher in males than in females (P = 0.024). The mean age at presentation was 4.28 ± 0.79 months. Suppurative lymphadenitis was seen in 53 (50%) cases and nonsuppurative lymphadenitis in 53 (50%) cases. About 80% of nonsuppurative lymphadenitis resolved entirely or partially after a one-year follow-up. Of 53 cases with suppurative lymphadenitis, 46 (43.4%) developed spontaneous drainage, and seven (6.6%) were drained by needle aspiration. No significant relationship was found between the BCG inoculation site and lymphadenitis rate. No other complications such as osteomyelitis or disseminated BCG infection were observed after one year of follow-up. Conclusions: The relatively high incidence of BCG lymphadenitis in this study may be due to the vaccine strain, young vaccinees, and improper vaccination techniques. In most cases, nonsuppurative lymphadenitis regressed spontaneously, and suppurative lymphadenitis was drained spontaneously or by needle aspiration.
The image of the Jungian Self in the work of St. Teresa of Ávila
Authors: Knapík Ján
Published: January 2022

This paper focuses on the figurativeness of the language of mystical experience in the context of Jung’s theory of collective unconsciousness. It analyses the autobiographical work of St. Teresa of Ávila and tries to identify images that mirror the archetype of the whole, or the Jungian Self (das Selbst). The main objective of the paper is to reveal the life-giving potential and spontaneous nature of symbols created by the unconscious and to highlight their scope and importance in human life.
Transcendent experience of St. Laura Montoya y Upegui
Authors: Civáňová Zuzana , Brezováková Monika
Published: January 2022

The paper focuses on the life and written work of the Colombian Catholic mystic St. Laura Montoya y Upegui (1874–1949), known also as Mother Laura. The life of this mystic was marked by a mystical experience from her early childhood. In the work she left us, especially in her autobiography entitled History of the Mercies of God in a Soul [Historia de las misericordias de Dios en un alma], she tries to talk about her unique experience, although this task is not easy. She tends to speak about her mystical experience with God mainly through specific images of her own inner world. The aim of this study is to bring these images closer to the reader, analyse them and reconcile them with the aesthetic qualities of the narration, which helps to form more complete and complex image not only of the mystical experience, but also of the work by St. Laura.
Paradox as an expression of the inexpressible in Sedulius’ Paschal Song
Authors: Horka Róbert
Published: January 2022

In the middle of the fifth century, a relatively mysterious Christian poet, Sedulius, wrote his epic composition named Paschal Song. In terms of contents, it is notably a description of Christ’s miracles according to the four Gospels. The poet is facing the reality of something that transcends the common human experience – according to what was defined by the Council of Ephesus and Chalcedon regarding the real divine and human nature of Christ. For such reason, even his poetical language is adapted, in order to describe something that contravenes common reality. A useful and suitable means for reaching this purpose is the frequently employed paradox. The reader/listener can get closer to the indescribable, unprecedented, and inexpressible mysterious nature of Christ. In this way, the author creates a very specific and elegant mystic – and his epic composition becomes a meditative text.
The figurativeness of the language of St. Teresa of Ávila
Authors: Klapicová Edita
Published: January 2022

This paper aims at analyzing The Interior Castle of St. Teresa of Ávila using a stylistic approach. The Interior Castle was inspired by the author’s vision of the soul as a diamond in the shape of a castle containing seven mansions, which she interpreted as the journey of faith through seven stages, ending with union with God. The stylistic analysis of the chosen text combines intuition and detailed linguistic analysis of the text. The form and style of the text are an integral part of the work’s meaning and value. In our analysis of The Interior Castle, lexical and syntactical expressive means and stylistic devices are discussed in order to explore the figurative meanings of the language employed.
The poetics of reconciliation in French literary work of the 20th century. From Marie Noël to Sylvie Germain
Authors: Bakešová Václava
Published: January 2022

Because of the Holocaust, World War II is the focal point for capturing spiritual experience in the 20th-century literature. How did the transformation of French spiritual literature from the poet Marie Noël in the 1st half of the century to the novelist Sylvie Germain at its end come about? Using examples from their work, this paper shows both authors’ sources of inspiration and highlights the means of expressing spirituality of a person going through an inner struggle. Although the authors describe a dark night, both of them they have a desire to overcome it, to reconcile with God, with the world and with themselves.
Sanjuanist motifs in the poetic work of Erik Jakub Groch
Authors: Juhásová Jana
Published: January 2022

One of the key poets of Slovak post-November poetry was shaped in the Komúna dissent group headed by philosopher and artist M. Strýko during the communist regime. Operating in dissent supported the radicality of his poetic gesture and lifestyle, the image of an active, evolving individual freed from the senselessness of civilization, and also the idea that it is possible to integrate evil into a higher good. These ideas also form branches to the sanjuanist motifs and intellectual solutions that are close to Groch. The article seeks these penetrating places with special attention on the symbol of the journey and pilgrimage, and at the same time points to Groch’s creative updates of one of the most famous spiritual teachings of the West.
Ochrana osobních údajů v systémech autonomního řízení. Co je nezbytné pro bezpečné fungování a jak toho dosáhnout?
Authors: Lokaj Zdeněk , Šrotýř Martin , Flaškár Martin , Jirovský Jakub
Published: January 2022

Autoři se zabývají problematikou ochrany osobních údajů v systémech autonomního řízení představujících celé ekosystémy dílčích vzájemně komunikujících prvků a různorodých spolupracujících entit. Při provozu těchto systémů dochází k přenosu a zpracování obrovského množství dat, mezi kterými lze nalézt i řadu významných osobních údajů, které lze zpracovávat pouze v souladu s právními předpisy. V první části článku jsou tak obecně popsány systémy autonomního řízení, specifikace jejich prvků a představení klíčových hráčů, kteří se podílejí na vytváření nebo dalším zpracování těchto dat. Dále jsou rozpracovány jednotlivé kategorie osobních údajů, se kterými budou předmětné systémy autonomního řízení pracovat nebo v nichž se budou nalézat. Stěžejní částí je pak návrh řešení přístupu k ochraně osobních údajů napříč celým ekosystémem s využitím principů privacy by design a privacy by default. V neposlední řadě se autoři zabývají dílčími právními oblastmi jako je kybernetická bezpečnost a ochrana soukromí v elektronických komunikacích, které v souvislosti s problematikou autonomního řízení nemohou být opomenuty.
Pokyny Evropské komise k čl. 17 – kritické úvahy k uplatnění v praxi
Authors: Sliwka Rostislav
Published: January 2022

Článek se zabývá pokyny Evropské komise k uplatňování čl. 17 směrnice (EU) 2019/790 uvedenými ve Sdělení Komise Evropskému parlamentu a Radě COM(2021) 288 final ze dne 4. 6. 2021. Zkoumá jednotlivé aspekty pokynů a na praktických případech se snaží znázornit jejich možné aplikační problémy. Rovněž tak srovnává obsah pokynů s návrhem novely autorského zákona a občanského zákoníku, kterou by měla být výše uvedená směrnice implementováno do českého práva.
John Dewey: educação, democracia e coesão social
Authors: Cunha Marcus Vinicius , Mercau Horacio Héctor
Published: January 2022

Este artigo aborda as relações entre educação, democracia e coesão social, tomando por base as ideias do filósofo e educador estadunidense John Dewey. Esse tema assume especial relevância na atualidade, quando a ideia de democracia enfrenta graves desafios. O artigo discorre primeiramente sobre as propostas apresentadas por Dewey no livro Democracia e educação, publicado em 1916, sua mais importante obra educacional. O propósito dessa análise é mostrar que as teses do autor sobre educação são estreitamente vinculadas às suas teses políticas. Em seguida, são examinadas as reflexões feitas por Dewey no livro The public and its problems, publicado em 1927, desenvolvidas em confronto com as ideias do jornalista Walter Lippmann. Enquanto Lippmann defende que a democracia requer a formação de um corpo de especialistas para comandar a vida social, Dewey enfatiza a necessidade de valorizar o público, isto é, os diversos agrupamentos que compõem a sociedade e que são atingidos pela ação do estado.
O papel das adaptações e transcrições braille na contextualização do ensino de química: levantamento sócioestatístico do centro de apoio pedagógico ao deficiente visual do Estado do Amapá
Authors: Souza Agerdânio Andrade de , Freire Ana Paula da Silva , Chaves Oberdan José Teixeira , Silva Solange Rodrigues da
Published: January 2022

A presente pesquisa experimental traz a temática de inclusão dos Deficientes Visuais no ensino regular. Objetivando analisar o processo de inclusão de alunos com deficiência visual, suplementados com transcrições braille e material didático adaptado na disciplina de química, produzidos pelo Centro de Apoio Pedagógico da Pessoa com Deficiência Visual do Amapá, Brasil, no último quinquênio, bem como refletir a respeito do processo educativo desses indivíduos, levando em consideração a compreensão de conceitos químicos nos diferentes Níveis do Ensino. Metodologicamente o estudo pauta-se na Teoria Gestaltista, onde não se pode conhecer o todo através das partes, e sim as partes por meio do conjunto de ações realizadas. Dentre os procedimentos metodológicos, destacam-se a catalogação do atendimento educacional voltados aos alunos DVs, quantificações das transcrições e adaptações braille por área de conhecimento e intervenções pedagógicas. A análise evidenciou que a disciplina de Química é responsável por 24% das adaptações braille no centro, contribuindo para complementação didática de 70% dos educandos matriculados na rede básica do Amapá. Evidenciando a necessidade de acompanhamento físico-pedagógico, aos DVs, pois aqueles com suplementação apropriada alcançaram rendimento na disciplina de Química de 65% por grupo pesquisado. A disparidade, quanto aproveitamento no ensino de Química, significa não dar para os Deficientes a possibilidade de inclusão, já quando se eleva o rendimento escolar, desenvolve-se o lado interpessoal dos indivíduos, tornando-os sujeitos ativos na sociedade.
Ontología de la educación inclusiva: devenires neo-materialistas
Authors: González Aldo Ocampo
Published: January 2022

La educación inclusiva como proyecto político y ontológico trabaja a favor de la creación de nuevas subjetividades y singularidades, produce una ontología procesal que tiene como misión desestabilizar y desplazar las concepciones y significantes canónicos acerca de la noción de ser humano y aquello que gravita en torno a este. Es una ontología que encarna una comprensión multidimensional y situada del tiempo, de la historia y del espacio, hablamos así, de una ontología en transición y alteración continua de las múltiples capas de regulación del sistema-mundo y de las estructuras de escolarización. Su propósito consiste en explorar diversas perspectivas que contribuyan a resignificar los sentidos ontológicos determinados por la educación inclusiva para alterar la matriz de esencialismos-individualismos que reglan los criterios de legibilidad del ser en la experiencia social, político-cultural y pedagógica. El encuadre metodológico empleado fue el de revisión documental crítica. Una de las tareas ontológicas de la educación inclusiva consiste en consolidar un entendimiento diferente acerca de la diferencia, propone una noción positiva de la diferencia o la potentia –ética diferencial–. Una ontología de lo menor reafirma un carácter neo-materialista y un sistema de producción de la subjetividad no-unitaria que materializa nuevos modos de relacionamientos y un particular mecanismo de reapropiación colectivo de la singularidad. Esta ontología se abre al encuentro con la complejidad del ser humano. El sintagma ‘singularidades múltiples’ nos habla acerca del propósito inacabado e inacabable del ser, se abre a la comprensión de los pequeños mundos que atraviesan su experiencia subjetiva, un sistema de acumulación caracterizado por una totalidad en la que nada esta fijo y completo de ante mano. La comprensión ontológica de las singularidades múltiples construye un diagrama de relaciones alterativas, un dispositivo de pensamiento crítico y una praxis política crucial para reconfigurar los horizontes de la educación inclusiva.
O futebol no centro de atenção psicossoical (CAPS): relato de experiência
Authors: Santana Murillo Henrique , Cirqueira Márcio Vinícius Brito , Baptista Tadeu João Ribeiro
Published: January 2022

O tratamento de usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) pode ser feito de várias formas, sendo uma delas as práticas corporais, entre as quais se insere o futebol, pois este esporte, ainda que na dimensão do lazer, traz possibilidades educativas e de saúde. Este relato de experiência tem o objetivo de expor os CAPSs como campo de estágio e intervenção profissional da área de Educação Física (EF) e, mais ainda, de demonstrar como o futebol pode ser um ótimo recurso de tratamento para esses usuários.Foi feita pesquisa participante das aulas de futebol, por parte de um estagiário do curso de bacharelado em Educação Física, no segundo semestre de 2019, uma vez que ele observava e intervia no “Grupo de Futebol” planejando e discutindo, com o professor orientador do estágio e o professor do CAPS, as atividades que seriam aplicadas. O foco deste relato de experiência foi demonstrar como as práticas corporais possibilitam a interação profissional/ usuário, permitindo acompanhar as atividades como osjogos, além de demonstrar as contribuições para o grupo, como a redução do embotamento afetivo, a maior participação da atividade, uma melhoria nas habilidades técnicas. Identificou-se que o futebol pode trazer contribuições para o tratamento dos usuários em relação aos transtornos que apresentam, principalmente no que se refere à sociabilidade, volição e às potencialidades.
Collaborative domestication
Authors: Lüchau Elle Christine , Grønning Anette
Published: January 2022

This article proposes an extension to domestication theory by introducing the concept of collaborative domestication, which we define as the ongoing mutual influence and interdependence of technology users in specific interactional contexts. This concept arose from our investigation of how patients integrate healthcare-related video consultations into their daily lives. In Denmark, the Covid-19 pandemic has expedited the implementation of video consultations in general practice, yet little is known about their use in this context. To address this, we conducted 13 interviews with patients and analysed the interviews from the perspective of domestication theory. We find that the general practitioner plays a central role throughout patients’ domestication processes, and the doctor–patient relationship significantly influences how patients experience video consultations. We argue that there is a collaborative aspect to domesticating video consultations that needs to be considered in both future studies and the ongoing implementation of video consultations
Mental Health in 3D
Authors: Dunlap Kelli , Kowert Rachel
Published: January 2022

There is a wealth of research on the depiction and impact of mental health representations in traditional media; however, less is known about video games. As the dominant form of media in the 21st century, video games uniquely portray mental illness in traditional ways as well as in ways unique to video games, such as in-game mechanics (e.g., sanity meters) and player-driven decision making. This paper outlines the importance of cultural messages relating to mental illness as conveyed through video games in terms of content and influence and presents a multi-dimensional model of analysis for the representation of mental illness in digital games. The aim of this paper is to provide a foundation for understanding how mental illness is represented in digital games, provide a new perspective for thinking critically about representation of mental illness in games, and overview a new framework for assessing video game content in this area.
Récit d’épidémie dans 'In the Shadow of the American Dream' – The Diaries of David Wojnarowicz
Authors: Benedetto Caroline
Published: January 2022

Dans son témoignage autobiographique intitulé In the Shadow of the American Dream (1998), l’artiste pluridisciplinaire américain David Wojnarowicz narre son combat contre le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine (VIH) qui l’emporta à l’âge de 37 ans. De quelle façon la narration s’organise-t-elle dans le journal intime de l’auteur ? Par quelles modalités scripturales ce dernier parvient-il à rendre compte d’une expérience épidémique à la fois individuelle et collective ? En mettant en perspective le texte avec d’autres ouvrages contemporains, aussi bien anglophones que francophones, l’auteure de cet article examine premièrement le caractère fragmentaire et discontinu du récit. Puis, elle analyse les choix lexicaux et métaphoriques par lesquels Wojnarowicz parvient non seulement à mettre en mots son expérience de la maladie, mais aussi à rendre visible toute une communauté d’êtres militants qui luttent pour exister et faire valoir leurs droits.
Le dernier repas d’Andy Warhol
Authors: Boulvain Thibault
Published: January 2022

Cet essai envisage le rapport d’Andy Warhol à la crise du sida, et plus particulièrement les conséquences de celle-ci sur son œuvre. Ce faisant, il s’agit de considérer, au travers de l’attitude d’un seul individu, la singularité du face à face avec la catastrophe, qui empêchait bien des choses, et provoquait à d’autres.
DNA barcoding and morphological identification of spiny lobsters in South Korean waters: a new record of Panulirus longipes and Panulirus homarus homarus
Authors: Hettiarachchi Sachithra Amarin , Hyeon Ji-Yeon , Mahardini Angka , Kim Hyung-Suk , Byun Jun-Hwan , Kim Han-Jun , Jeong Jong-Gyun , Yeo Jung-Kyu , Kim Shin-Kwon , Kim Se-Jae , Heo Youn-Seong , Sathyadith Jonathan , Kang Do-Hyung , Hur Sung-Pyo
Published: January 2022

To date, 19 species of spiny lobsters from the genus Panulirus have been discovered, of which only P. japonicus, P. penicilatus, P. stimpsoni, and P. versicolor have been documented in South Korean waters. In this study, we aimed to identify and update the current list of spiny lobster species that inhabit South Korean waters based on the morphological features and the phylogenetic profile of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Spiny lobsters were collected from the southern and eastern coasts of Jeju Island, South Korea. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using neighbor-joining (NJ), maximum likelihood (ML), and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. The ML tree was used to determine the spiny lobster lineages, thereby clustering the 17 specimens collected in this study into clades A, B, C, and D, which were reciprocally monophyletic with P. japonicus, P. homarus homarus, P. longipes, and P. stimpsoni, respectively. These clades were also supported by morphological examinations. Interestingly, morphological variations, including the connected pleural and transverse groove at the third abdominal somite, were observed in four specimens that were genetically confirmed as P. japonicus. This finding is novel within the P. japonicus taxonomical reports. Additionally, this study updates the documentation of spiny lobsters inhabiting South Korean waters as P. longipes and P. homarus homarus were recorded for the first time in this region.
Effects of soil fauna on litter decomposition in Chinese forests: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zan Peng , Mao Zijun , Sun Tao
Published: January 2022

Litter quality and climate have been presumed to be the dominant factors regulating litter decomposition rates on broad spatial scales. However, the role of soil fauna on litter decomposition is poorly understood, despite the fact that it could strongly influence decomposition by fragmentation and subsequent modification of the activities of microorganisms.In this study, we carried out a meta-analysis on the effects of soil fauna on litter decomposition rates in Chinese forests, ranging from boreal to tropical forests, based on data from 20 studies. The effects of climatic factors on decomposition rate were assessed by comparing the contribution of soil fauna to litter decomposition from studies carried out at different latitudes.The degree of influence of the soil fauna was in the order tropical (200%) > subtropical (47%) > temperate forest (28%). Comparing the effect size of soil fauna, it was found that when soil fauna was excluded, the decomposition rate, calculated using Olson’s equation, was most affected in tropical forest (−0.77), while the litter decomposition rate both subtropical (−0.36) and temperate forest (−0.19) were also suppressed to varying degrees (P < 0.001). These results highlight that soil fauna could promote litter decomposition to different extents. Using stepwise multiple linear regression, the effect size of the soil fauna was negatively correlated with the cellulose and nitrogen concentrations of the initial litter material. In Chinese forests, litter decomposition rates were reduced, on average, by 65% when soil fauna was excluded. The impact of soil fauna on decomposition was shown to be closely related to climate and litter quality.
Identification and expression analysis of the sucrose synthase gene family in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)
Authors: Liu Longbo , Zheng Jie
Published: January 2022

Background

Sucrose synthase (SUS, EC 2.4.1.13) is one of the major enzymes of sucrose metabolism in higher plants. It has been associated with C allocation, biomass accumulation, and sink strength. The SUS gene families have been broadly explored and characterized in a number of plants. The pomegranate (Punica granatum) genome is known, however, it lacks a comprehensive study on its SUS genes family.

Methods

PgSUS genes were identified from the pomegranate genome using a genome-wide search method. The PgSUS gene family was comprehensively analyzed by physicochemical properties, evolutionary relationship, gene structure, conserved motifs and domains, protein structure, syntenic relationships, and cis-acting elements using bioinformatics methods. The expression pattern of the PgSUS gene in different organs and fruit development stages were assayed with RNA-seq obtained from the NCBI SRA database as well as real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

Results

Five pomegranate SUS genes, located on four different chromosomes, were divided into three subgroupsaccording to the classification of other seven species. The PgSUS family was found to be highly conserved during evolution after studying the gene structure, motifs, and domain analysis. Furthermore, the predicted PgSUS proteins showed similar secondary and tertiary structures. Syntenic analysis demonstrated that four PgSUS genes showed syntenic relationships with four species, with the exception of PgSUS2. Predictive promoter analysis indicated that PgSUS genes may be responsive to light, hormone signaling, and stress stimulation. RNA-seq analysis revealed that PgSUS1/3/4 were highly expressed in sink organs, including the root, flower, and fruit, and particularly in the outer seed coats. qPCR analysis showed also that PgSUS1, PgSUS3, and PgSUS4 were remarkably expressed during fruit seed coat development. Our results provide a systematic overview of the PgSUS gene family in pomegranate, developing the framework for further research and use of functional PgSUS genes.
DHATUROOPI SHUKRA AND BEEJAROOPI SHUKRA: A CRITICAL REVIEW
Authors: Keriyawar Anand G. , Samudri Mohammad Ashraf D. , Shettar Raghavendra V.
Published: January 2022

Shukra is studied in Ayurveda both as a dhatu and beeja. As a mammalian human body comprises both somatic and gonadal cells. Somatic cells help for growth and regeneration through mitosis. Meiotic cell division causes equal contribution for the inheritance from maternal and paternal sides. Beejartham (reproduction) is the supreme function attributed to Shukra. Reproduction refers to the formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair/replacement (sukshmavayavantarotpatti), or the production of a new individual (shareerantarotpatti). Regenerative capacity is distributed unequally among species, individuals, and tissues. The affliction of shukrastana by kusthadosha (skin disease) causes a failure in regeneration. The affliction of parents' shukra and artava (gametes) by kusthadosha (skin disease) inherits to the next generation. Vrushan (testis) and medru (penis) are the moola of the shukravahavaha srotus, which is meant to fertilise the ovum (beejarupishukra). Majja (bone marrow) and stana (breasts) are the moola of the shukravaha srotus of the one pervading the entire body (dhaturupishukra).
Predicting the Difficulty Score of Spinal Anaesthesia
Authors: Godwin Isha , Girimurugan .
Published: January 2022

Background: Spinal anaesthesia is the commonest regional anaesthesia conducted for several surgical procedures.

Objectives: This study aims to predict the difficulty score of spinal anaesthesia to scale back the complications and ultimately improve anaesthesia quality.

Materials and Methods: Patients undergoing various surgeries involving spinal anaesthesia were taken in this study and several parameters like demographic details, body mass index, spinous process condition were recorded pre operatively to see how they influenced the difficulty of performing spinal anesthesia on them.

Results: Out of the 101 patients enrolled in this study, 53 underwent an easy SA by the first attempt in the first space. It was moderate in 36 and difficult in 12 patients.

Conclusion: Considering the examination of patients with respect to BMI, lumbar spinous process status and deformities, radiological signs of lumbar vertebrae can be helpful in predicting how difficult the SA procedure is going to be.
Phytochemical Screening and In vitro Albumin Denaturation Inhibitory Potential of Methanolic Root Extract of Acorus calamus
Authors: Varshan M. Sanjay , Gayathri R. , Priya V. Vishnu , Selvaraj J. , Kavitha S.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Medicinal plants are chief antidotes for numerous diseases and have been used since time immemorial. Sweet flag’s (Acorus calamus) presence is in Ayurveda and belongs to the genus Acorus L. of the family Acoraceae and is widely distributed in temperate to sub temperate regions. It is commonly used to treat appetite loss, diarrhoea, digestive disorders in traditional medicinal systems of Asian and European countries. The aim of this study is to explore the phytoconstituents, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of methanolic root extract of Acorus calamus.

Materials and Methods: Methanolic root extract of Acorus calamus was done by the Hot Percolation method. Later it was dried and used to analyse the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials. Phytochemical screening was done to analyse the presence of various phytochemicals. Antioxidant effect of Acorus calamus was tested by 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and Albumin denaturation inhibitory potential test was organised for testing it’s anti-inflammatory Activity. The data were analysed statistically by a one-way analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test was used to see the statistical significance among the groups. The results with the p<0.05 level were considered to be statistically significant.

Results: Methanolic root extract of Acorus calamus was found to be rich in Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Terpenoids, Sapanoids, Steroids and Phlobatannin. The presence of phytochemicals like alkaloids, saponins, Flavonoids indicates that the extract has potential for further in vitro analysis like antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials. It was observed that Acorus calamus has both antioxidant (IC50 of = 295 µg/ml) as well as anti inflammatory potentials (IC50 =310 µg/ml) and the activity increased in a dose dependent manner as compared to that of standard (Vitamin C and Diclofenac respectively).

Conclusion: The study proves the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacy of Acorus calamus and throws light on the prospects of drug formulation against oxidant activity and inflammation.
Impact of Clinical Pharmacist Mediated Discharge Counseling and SMS Reminders Service on Medication Adherence in Chronic Disorders
Authors: Reddy Y. Samhitha , Reddy K. Somashekar
Published: January 2022

Aims: This study aimed to assess the effect of discharge counseling with SMS reminders on medication adherence in chronic disorders.

Study Design:  Prospective randomized open-label trial

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the dispensing department of a secondary care referral charity hospital located in a small village. The study was conducted for a period of six months from October 2018 to April 2019.

Methodology: Upon consent, a total of 364 patients were enrolled in this study and randomized into two groups viz., intervention group (n=182) and control group (n=182) respectively, with and without discharge counseling and SMS reminder on medication usage by the clinical pharmacist.  The level of medication adherence was measured using a pill count and visual analog scale (VAS) methods at two follow-up visits includes baseline and final follow-up visit (gap of two months). A two-sample Wilcoxon rank‑sum (Mann–Whitney) was used to compare the statistical mean difference of medication adherence levels between two groups at each follow‑up visit.

Results: The mean age of intervention and control groups were 57.1±8.55 and 58.5±8.53; most of the subjects were >60 years of age and were typically suffering from hypertension (30.2%) and diabetes (34.8%). Initially, at baseline, the values of medication adherence level (pill-count method) were closer in both intervention (82.4±7.3) and control group (81.35±6.4), whereas at follow up visits, the levels of the intervention group (93.2±6.0, 95.6±2.25) were significantly increased (p<0.0001) as compared to the control group (81.2±8.5, 80.6±8.1).

Conclusion: Thus, the statistical significance infers that the clinical pharmacist-mediated discharge counseling with SMS reminders would increase medication adherence levels in chronic disorders.
Estimation of Lung Function Test among Healthy and Blow out Whistle Beginners
Authors: Sudharsan Padmalochini , Devi R. Gayatri , Priya A. Jothi
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Pulmonary function test is a non-invasive test. It is measured by the spirometer and it gives an idea about the lung volume, lung capacities, rates of flow and gas exchange. Breathing exercise can increase lung function. The commonly performed breathing exercises are blowing bubbles, blow out whistle, pinwheels, Hoberman spheres etc. The aim of this study is to estimate lung function among healthy and blow out whistle beginners.

Materials and methods: 60 Dental students consisting of 2 groups were involved in this study. Group 1: Control individuals (30). Group 2 individuals: blow out whistle beginners (30). Standardised RMS Helios spirometer was used. Age of 18-22, Healthy individuals and non-smokers were included in this study and smokers, alcoholic individuals, respiratory disorder individuals and post- COVID individuals were excluded from the study. Data was collected and analysed using paired ‘t’ tests. Significance is considered at P<0.05 level.

Results: In this study FVC, FEV1, FEV3 were found to be significant and FEV1/FVC, FEF 25-75, PEFR were found to be insignificant. The post test values of FVC and FEV1 are comparatively higher than the pre test values. The pre test values of FEF 25-75 and  FEV3 are comparatively higher than the post test values.

Conclusion: When this blow out exercise is performed there was a significant difference between healthy individuals and blow out whistle beginners. Significant increase in lung function is found. This recreational activity increases lung function which can be a preventive for many pulmonary diseases.
Cardiotoxicity among Patients Using Pertuzumab, Trastuzumab and Taxane with HER2-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer: A Single-Centre Experience
Authors: Algarni Alanood S. , Alfi Anan A. , Turkistani Azuf T. , Malki Layal E. , Alghanam Nouf F. , Abdulghani Shayma S. , Ramadan Majed , Al-Foheidi Meteb
Published: January 2022

Aim: In this study, we aimed to investigate the incidence rate, risk factors, and mortality rates in patients with early-stage breast cancer using anti-HER2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2) treatment.

Patients and Methods: A total of 106 patients diagnosed with human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-positive early-stage breast cancer and receiving anti-HER2 treatment at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) from 2015 to 2019 were included in the analysis to assess the incidence of cardiotoxicity was collected as a retrospective study. Univariate and multivariate analyses as well as multiple exact logistic regression analysis were conducted to understand the relationships between the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and treatment combinations and comorbidities

Results: The LVEF measurements using an echocardiography method at the baseline (before any treatment) and during the anti-HER2 therapy were assessed. The results suggest that the higher the drug combination, the higher the odds ratio for the declined ejection fraction (EF) patient group. Further, patients treated with the pertuzumab and trastuzumab combination were four times more likely to have a decline in their EF than those who did not use the pertuzumab and trastuzumab drug combination (OR 4.28, 95% CI [1.68–10.91]).

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the drug combination considered here is associated with reduced LVEF and, similarly, comorbidities were also related to EF. However, a larger study in a global patient population will confirm the present observations.
Is Test Item Arrangement a Factor in the Academic Achievement of Undergraduate Pharmacy Students in Chemistry?
Authors: Oguguo Basil C. E. , Agah John J. , Ukeoma Nwadiuto N. , Nwoji Ijeoma Hope N. , Dave-Ugwu Priscilla O. , Agugoesi Oluchi J. , Ugwu Felicia C. , Okebanama Cliff I. , Umate Bukar A. , Eke Judith N.
Published: January 2022

Aims: To determine the effect of test item arrangements in ascending, descending and no consistent order of difficulty in multiple choice tests on undergraduate pharmacy students’ academic achievement in a chemistry course. The present study served as an attempt to relate the effect of test item arrangement on undergraduate pharmacy students’ academic achievement in a chemistry course in Nigerian Universities.

Study Design: Quasi-experimental research design of pre-test posttest non-equivalent group design was adopted in carrying out this research.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in ten Nigerian Universities between August, 2020 to April, 2021.

Methodology: We sampled 200 participants (111 male, 89 females; age range 16 – 27 years) undergraduate pharmacy students drawn from ten (10) Universities in Nigeria. Twenty undergraduate pharmacy students offering Basic Principle of Chemistry (Chem. 101) were randomly selected from each of the selected universities for the study.

Results: The mean scores when test items were arranged in ascending, descending, and no consistent orders of item difficulty were 44.38, 37.85 and 40.13 respectively. Their differential mean scores were 6.53, 2.28 and 4.26 in the same order. This implies that pharmacy students obtained higher scores when test items were arranged in ascending order of difficulty, followed by no consistent order and least in descending order of difficulty. The findings further revealed no significant arrangement by gender interaction effect on undergraduate pharmacy students` performance in the three tests.

Conclusion: This study will help pharmacy lecturers in determining the most appropriate test item order which will help the students obtain high scores in any pharmaceutical test. The researchers conducted a quasi-experimental study on the topic as part of their undergraduate curriculum to examine the best test item format that will enhance pharmacy students' academic achievement in a chemistry course.
Effectiveness of Progressive Resisted Exercise along with Conventional Exercise and Conventional Exercise Program alone in Subjects with Text Neck Syndrome
Authors: Jain Divya , Jawade Swapna , Chitale Neha
Published: January 2022

Background: "Text neck" is a term coined to describe the posture created by leaning forward for lengthy periods of time, such as when reading and texting on a cellphone which has been linked to stress injuries. Neck pain, upper back discomfort, shoulder pain, frequent headaches, and greater curvature of the spine are all dangerous indications of text neck. According to a survey, 35% of smartphone users suffer from text neck syndrome. People between the ages of 15 and 18 are more likely to have neck pain. This protocol has been created that describes the design of comparative study to evaluate effectiveness of progressive resisted exercise along with conventional exercise and conventional exercise program alone in text neck syndrome.

Methods: The participants (n=80) will be recruited in the study suffering from text neck syndrome and meeting the inclusion criteria. Two groups will be formed such that patients in group A will be treated with conventional therapy and group B will be treated with progressive resisted exercise (PRE) along with conventional therapy. The protocol will cover 4 weeks of treatment. In the rehabilitation period, we will evaluate the pain intensity, strength of neck muscles and functional activity. Our outcome measures will be- Numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) and Neck disability index (NDI).

Discussion: Efficacy of the intervention will be evaluated by analyzing the pain intensity by using Numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) and level of functional disability by using Neck disability index (NDI). The result of the study will significantly provide affirmation on either using combination therapy of PRE with conventional exercise or conventional exercise alone.
A Case Report on Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
Authors: Zade Dipali D. , Kasatwar Pooja , Thorat Rupali
Published: January 2022

Background: Pelvic floor dysfunction and pelvic myofascial pain are treatable and common musculoskeletal conditions. Understanding the relationship between pelvic girdle and pelvic floor muscles (PFM), hips and spine will help the practitioner to diagnose and treat these conditions. Pelvic floor dysfunction and pelvic pain are treated with clinical examination and complete medical history of PFMs. Treatment is a in cooperatives approach, which consists of medications, pelvic floor physical therapy, injection and other treatment options.

Case Presentation: We are presenting case of 40 female with complaints of pain in abdomen and discomfort during micturition. On evaluation she was diagnosed with the pelvic floor muscle dysfunction. For the management of same she was referred to physiotherapy department.

Treatment: For the management of pelvic floor dysfunction, various levels of physiotherapeutic interventions were given to the patient, which includes strengthening exercises, endurance exercises to improve the overall functional capacity of the patient.

Conclusion: This examines the physical and anatomical examination of the pelvic floor, discusses the epidemiology and definition of pelvic floor dysfunction and explains the physiotherapy approach to treating these common conditions.
Evaluation of Variations in the Various Blood Indices in COVID-19 Recovered Patients
Authors: Sitaram T. Srinivasa Surya , Sinduja Palati , Priyadharshini R. , Meghashree V.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: In December 2019, cases of pneumonia with an unknown cause were reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Novel coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) has been spreading worldwide and tracking laboratory indexes during the diagnosis and treatment of patients with severe COVID-19 can provide a reference for patients in other countries and regions. The disease is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus according to studies, and the World Health Organization just dubbed it coronavirus disease 2019.

Aim: The aim of this analysis was to evaluate COVID-19 patients' blood parameters changes in comparison with healthy controlled patients.

Methods: Blood samples were taken from 10 patients in which 5 are COVID-19 recovered patients and 5 are healthy controls. For these blood samples TBC (Total Blood Count) was taken and the readings of RBC, hemoglobin, WBC, lymphocyte, granulocyte and platelets count was recorded. Independent t-test was done to obtain the results. SPSS software Version 23 was used to give the output comparison as error bar charts.

Results: The patients have increased RBC count, increased hemoglobin and reduced WBC count with reduced lymphocytes and Granulocytes counts. Here it can be concluded that COVID-19 recovered patients should take care of themselves by having proper care, doctor consultation and follow up.

Conclusion: From this study it can be understood that COVID-19 recovered patients have increased RBC count and hemoglobin percentage. The recovered patients have reduced WBC, lymphocytes and Granulocytes percentage.
Determination of the Accuracy of Linear Height Bone for Implant Placement in Panoramic Radiography Relative to CBCT in the Posterior Areas of the Jaws
Authors: Ghorbanizade Sajad , Zolfagharikhorshaneh Majid , Gholamian Fatemeh , Noori Mohamad
Published: January 2022

Purpose: In the levels of implant treatment in the posterior region, determining the height of the bone has particular importance. The aim of the study was to compare the accuracy of linear bone height measurement for implant placement on panoramic view compared to CBCT in posterior jaw area.

Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 20 patients. In each of the posterior edentulous areas, a surgical guide for each patient was marked with gutta-percha (a total of 70 points). Panoramic radiographs and CBCTs were obtained from the patients and then the distance between the marked points in the maxilla to the maxillary sinus and in the mandible to the upper border of the alveolar canal was measured by Romaxis software and analyzed by Statistical software Stata 14. The obtained measurements of panoramic view were compared to CBCTs using t-test. P≤0.05 was considered significant.

Results: The mean difference between the sizes obtained from panoramic radiography and CBCT radiography in the maxilla was 0.34 mm (P = 0.57) and the mean difference between the sizes obtained from panoramic radiography and CBCT radiography in the mandible was 0.86 mm (P = 0.004).

Conclusion: According to the results of study, it is logical panoramic radiography just used to pre-assessment of implant procedures in posterior area of mandible were as it could be more reliable in maxilla.