bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rotaxane-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of primary alcohols
Authors: Baù Ilario , Poderi Cecilia , Sardu Francesca , Giancola Alessia , Turchetti Anna , Franchi Paola , Casimiro Lorenzo , Andreoni Leonardo , Silvi Serena , Mezzina Elisabetta , Lucarini Marco
Published: November 2024

Nitroxide radicals are widely utilized as catalysts for the oxidation of primary alcohols. Here, the aerobic catalytic oxidation cycle of nitroxide radicals has been implemented within a mechanically interlocked rotaxane architecture consisting of a paramagnetic crown ether, which is confined by a molecular axle containing a dialkylammonium station and a 1,2,3-triazole unit. The rotaxane is engineered to exploit the oxidation of a primary alcohol: the primary catalyst is the wheel, a nitroxide radical capable of altering its oxidation state during the catalytic cycle, while the co-oxidant is the Cerium(IV)/O2 couple. The synthesis of the proposed rotaxane, along with its characterization using EPR, HRMS, voltammetry and NMR data, is reported in the paper. The aerobic catalytic oxidation cycle was further investigated using EPR, NMR and GC-MS analyses. This study can aid in the design of autonomously driven molecular machines that exploit the aerobic catalytic oxidation of nitroxide radicals.
Electrochemistry of ruthenium solid-state surface: fabrication and application
Authors: Al Hinaai Mohammed M. , Balushi Rayya Al
Published: November 2024

The requirement for energy, stokehole chemicals, quality controls, monitoring public health, and environmental pollution encouraged the investigation rate to develop compounds with distinctive properties for special applications. Researchers have proven that ruthenium (Ru) solid-state substances possess potential characteristics such as conductivity, stability, catalytic activity, and the ability to integrate with many other compounds. Intensive research has led to the progression of novel technologies, and many of these nanomaterials have demonstrated their enormous potential in various industries, especially in the field of chemical and industrial catalysts. Ru solid-state surfaces demonstrate high effectiveness and efficiency in catalyzing large numbers of chemical reactions. The recent trend involves nanoparticles, such as graphene, gold, and many bimetallic alloys. The critical enhancements were in the stability and improving the active site numbers. Ru based electronic devices such as capacitors show excellent performance in terms of current density and charge/discharge recycling ability. Also, with the with the most progress in the Ru-complexes base electromigrated chemiluminescent sensor unlimited and its analytical performance improving gradually, the researchers enabled the creation of solid-state surface sensors for an enormous number of analytes. In this chapter, the electrochemistry applications of Ru solid-state surfaces in attractive research fields are explored, as is the progress in the synthesis of solid-state surfaces and their characteristics and properties.
Recent progress on layered double hydroxides-based electrocatalysts for electrochemical water splitting
Authors: Elbakkay Mohamed H. , El-Dek S. I. , Farghali Ahmed A.
Published: November 2024

Replacing global depleting fossil fuels with sustainable energy sources that are affordable and environmentally-benign, is from the most pressing challenges for the future socio-economic developments. To that goal, electrochemical water splitting would provide green hydrogen fuel which is considered one of the most promising energy carriers. However, the viability of the process still hinges on the availability of robust earth-abundant electrocatalysts that catalyze the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In recent years, transition metal based layered double hydroxides (LDHs) electrocatalysts, with advantageous physio-chemical properties, can represent a promising outstanding research approaches to accelerate the sluggish electrochemical kinetics of these two half-reactions. Herein, we present brief explanations of the reaction mechanisms and the important parameters relating to the electrochemical water splitting along with the recent developments of different LDHs derived electrocatalysts towards the HER/OER performances. Furthermore, the innovative fabrication strategies of the LDHs systems and the subsequent evolution of the LDHs classes, including adopted modification strategies including cation/anion doping, defect engineering, exchanging interlayer anions, nanostructured morphology, designing hierarchical heterostructures or nanocomposites, etc. Finally, the current perspectives and challenges of some critical issues as well as the future opportunities for the developments of outstanding LDHs-based electrocatalysts for electrochemical water electrolysis are also provided.
Green Chemistry
Authors: Lancaster Mike
Published: November 2024

Climate change, plastic in the oceans and air pollution are just three of the major environmental problems facing planet Earth. It will take a global concerted effort to solve these, from change in consumer culture and better global regulation, to more sustainable product design and carbon neutral, pollution free production processes.

Green chemistry does not have all the answers, but with at least 98% of products having a chemical industry input along the supply chain, adoption of the principles of green chemistry can make a huge difference.

This 4th edition still focuses on the core principles of green chemistry but has a new emphasis on how it can help solve many of the environmental problems facing society. In particular there is a new chapter on energy decarbonisation and climate change, bringing together sustainable energy solutions and possibilities for a fossil free chemical industry, and showing how green chemistry can help other sectors such as transport and energy generation achieve net zero. There is also discussion of the UN Sustainability Goals and how green chemistry is helping achieve these goals. Green chemistry has moved on since the first edition of this book; whilst still covering the basics this latest edition also looks at the practical solutions developed.

This timely textbook, originally designed to cover a Masters course in Clean Technology and associated undergraduate modules at the University of York, is suitable for undergraduates and post graduates as well as industrialists looking for new ways of thinking how more sustainable products and processes may be developed.
Calcium sources can increase mechanical properties of 3D printed bioactive hybrid bone scaffolds
Authors: Heyraud Agathe , Tallia Francesca , Chen Steven , Liu Jingwen , Chen Jishizhan , Turner Joel , Jell Gavin , Lee Peter D. , Jones Julian R.
Published: November 2024

A bioactive hybrid material for bone implants, synthesised via the sol–gel route and incorporating calcium, and 3D-printed into an interconnected porous scaffold.
Recent advances in glutathione fluorescent probes based on small organic molecules and their bioimaging
Authors: Wang Jingdong , Yin Caixia , Huo Fangjun
Published: November 2024

Glutathione (GSH), as one of the most important biological mercaptans, is involved in a variety of biological processes and is considered an important biomarker in early diagnosis, treatment and disease stage monitoring.
Combining mechanical ball-milling with melt-polymerization to fabricate polyimide covalent organic frameworks towards high-performance sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Wu Yu , Han Xu , Hu Hailong , Hu Hongyin , Wang Jinyan , Deng Yaoyao , Duan Fang , Gu Hongwei , Du Mingliang , Lu Shuanglong
Published: November 2024

Melt-polymerization and mechanical ball-milling were combined to achieve the facile mass production of polyimide covalent organic frameworks (COFs) towards high-performance sodium-ion batteries.
Photochemical upcycling of polymers via visible light-driven C–H bond activation
Authors: Yi Wei , Liu Jing , Hu Xiao-Qiang
Published: November 2024

This mini-review highlights the scientific breakthroughs in photochemical upcycling polymers through oxidative degradation and post-polymerization modification via visible light-driven C–H bond activation.
The effect of interface polarity on the basal dislocations at the GaN/AlN interface
Authors: Yang Yuming , Zhang Xuemei , Qin Mi , Liu Jun , Zhang Chuanguo , Hui Zhixin , Li Yonggang , Zeng Zhi , Zhang Yongsheng
Published: November 2024

N-polar AIN helps to obtain high-quality GaN with a greater wurtzite structure content and fewer dislocations.
Exploring the potential of malononitrile functionalized donor–acceptor systems for non-volatile memory device applications
Authors: Gokul Ramachandran , Gayathri Ramesh , Imran Predhanekar Mohamed , Bhuvanesh Nattamai S. P. , Nagarajan Samuthira
Published: November 2024

A novel series of D-bridge-A type organic small molecules has been designed, synthesized, and evaluated for non-volatile resistive switching write-once read-many (WORM) memory application.
First principles study on monolayer GeTe as an anode material for multivalent ion batteries
Authors: Chen Junjie , Zhou Zhiyu , Zhang Ruidan
Published: November 2024

Finding suitable anode materials for multivalent ion batteries (MuIBs) is the key to improving theoretical capacity, reducing development costs and enhancing the safety of energy storage batteries.
Density functional calculations of diffusion paths of CH3Sad on c(2 × 2)-Cl and -Br covered Cu(100) surfaces
Authors: Wendorff Falk , Pehlke Eckhard
Published: November 2024

Identification of the atomic-scale mechanisms of surface diffusion at interfaces covered by co-adsorbates is relevant for understanding electrochemical processes at these interfaces.
Confined phase behavior of subcritical carbon dioxide in nanoporous media: the effects of pore size and temperature
Authors: Salim Omer , Sharma Keerti Vardhan , Piri Mohammad
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the effect of confinement on the phase behavior of carbon dioxide (CO2) and its implications for storage in nanometer-scale pores.
Edge-aminated reduced graphene oxide without metal for efficient visible-light-initiated CO2 reduction to CH4 and CO
Authors: Liu Dan , Hu Yuan , Chen Runzhe , Guo Shujun , Yang Yanhui , Wang Xuxu
Published: November 2024

Edge-aminated RGO showed superior performance for photocatalytic CO2reduction, in which the defects and edge-aminated layers can improve the CO2 capture capacity. This work highlights the adjustability of RGO for heterogeneous photocatalysis.
ZIF-8-derived Fe/P/N-co-doped carbon as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction and zinc–air batteries
Authors: Pu Yi , Lu Ning , Jian Feiyu , Wang Ying , Tang Hui
Published: November 2024

A facile method for preparing P-doped Fe–N–C catalysts for zinc–air batteries. The effect of P atoms on both Fe–Nx active sites and carbon substrates enhances catalytic activity.
Rapid and selective formic acid dehydrogenation catalysis by molecular ruthenium hydrides supported by rigid PCcarbeneP pincer ligands
Authors: Donnelly Laurie J. , Gelfand Benjamin S. , Piers Warren E.
Published: November 2024

A series of four molecular ruthenium hydrido complexes supported by previously reported rigid PCcarbeneP pincer ligand frameworks were evaluated as formic acid dehydrogenation (FAD) catalysts.
Nitrate-to-ammonia conversion with a plasmonic antenna–reactor catalyst
Authors: Ou Weihui , Guo Ying , Zhong Jing , Lyu Fucong , Shen Junda , Li Hongkun , Zhang Shaoce , Li Zebiao , He Zhijian , He Jun , Mo Quanxi , Zhi Chunyi , Li Yang Yang , Lu Jian
Published: November 2024

A plasmonic antenna–reactor catalyst was constructed for NO3−-to-NH3 conversion. The hot electrons from the plasmonic antenna optimized the adsorption of intermediates on reactors, improving the yield rate, selectivity and faradaic efficiency of NH3.
Benzo[a]pyrene and phenanthrene hemoglobin adducts as biomarkers of longer-term air pollution exposure
Authors: Wang Xiangtian , Ge Yihui , Lin Yan , Craig Emily A. , Chen Ruoxue , Miller Richard K. , Barrett Emily S. , Thurston Sally W. , O'Connor Thomas G. , Rich David Q. , Zhang Junfeng (Jim)
Published: November 2024

PAH-hemoglobin adduct levels were associated with cumulative PM2.5 exposure over the lifespan of red blood cells, demonstrating their utility as biomarkers for longer-term exposure.
Nanomaterials for managing abiotic and biotic stress in the soil–plant system for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Ochoa Loren , Shrivastava Manoj , Srivastava Sudhakar , Cota-Ruiz Keni , Zhao Lijuan , White Jason C. , Hernandez-Viezcas Jose Angel , Gardea-Torresdey Jorge L.
Published: November 2024

An optimum application of NPs can mitigate biotic and abiotic stresses, but overuse can cause phytotoxicity. Research on the use of NPs for plant stress is demonstrating promising benefits.
Impact of the probiotic Bacillus coagulans on loperamide-induced delayed bowel movement in Sprague–Dawley rats
Authors: Jang Joo Hyun , Chang Yeok Boo , Kim Sang Min , Han Kisoo , Sim Wan-sup , Hong Ki-Bae , Suh Hyung Joo , Han Sung Hee
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the effects of Bacillus coagulans on alleviating loperamide-induced constipation.
Deep eutectic solvent-based microextraction system for simultaneous lignocellulose fractionation and furfural production
Authors: Liu Liu , Li Qianwei , Wan Caixia
Published: November 2024

A DES-based microextraction system with a salt crystal-stabilized emulsion enhances lignocellulose fractionation and furfural production, achieving a high yield and efficient biomass utilization.
Metal-free catalytic nucleophilic substitution of primary alcohols with secondary phosphine oxides
Authors: Ma Xiantao , Yan Xiaoyu , Yu Jing , Guo Jiarui , Bian Jiakun , Yan Ran , Xu Qing , Han Li-Biao
Published: November 2024

The first dehydrative version of the Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction was developed, and two possible dehydration pathways were proposed.
Recent advances in irradiation-mediated synthesis and tailoring of inorganic nanomaterials for photo-/electrocatalysis
Authors: Huang Shoushuang , Yue Can , Uvdal Kajsa , Hu Zhangjun
Published: November 2024

In this review, the mechanisms and applications of radiation technology in the development of inorganic photo-/electrocatalysts are summarized, and its recent research progress, challenges, and future development prospects are further explored.
A highly selective mercury ion electrochemical detection based on the enhancement of oxidase-like activity by mercury on electrodeposited palladium nanoparticles@reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Liu Zhiguang , Li Miaomiao , Zheng Xiaofang , Jia Xiaolin , Guo Yujing
Published: November 2024

The enhancement effect of the oxidase-like activity arising from the specific combination of Hg2+ and PdNPs was studied on modified electrodes, based on which a highly selective, rapid and eco-friendly electrochemical Hg2+ sensor was constructed.
Hydrated and fluorinated potassium scandium phosphates: topology symmetry analysis and structure prediction
Authors: Topnikova Anastasia P. , Belokoneva Elena L. , Dimitrova Olga V. , Volkov Anatoly S. , Stefanovich Sergey Yu. , Maltsev Viktor V. , Zorina Leokadiya V.
Published: November 2024

Structural family of K3Sc3(P3O10F2)F5 polytypes: common layer with P31m symmetry – in the centre of the figure, real MDO1 and MDO2 polytype – left, hypothetical simplest variant – bottom of the figure, hypothetical monoclinic and trigonal – right.
Influence of branched ligand architectures on nanoparticle interactions with lipid bilayers
Authors: Huang-Zhu Carlos A. , Van Lehn Reid C.
Published: November 2024

We utilize coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations and enhanced sampling methods to reveal the effect of ligand branching on the thermodynamics of nanoparticle adsorption to lipid bilayers.
Axially chiral biaryls via rhodium-catalyzed atroposelective C–H sulfenylation and selenylation
Authors: Wang Yishou , Yu Songjie , Li Xingwei
Published: November 2024

An efficient rhodium-catalyzed atroposelective C–H chalcogenation of biaryls with readily accessible disulfides and diselenides was developed for rapid accessing a series of axially chiral biaryl sulfides and selenides.
Analyses of mitochondrial metabolism in diseases: a review on 13C magnetic resonance tracers
Authors: Sharma Gaurav , Duarte Sergio , Shen Qingyang , Khemtong Chalermchai
Published: November 2024

This review discusses 13C NMR approaches for analyzing mitochondrial metabolism in tissues.
The interplay between different potassium electrolytes and MoS2@SiC@S cathodes in the performance of potassium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Zhou Li , Ragab Osama , Wally N. K. , Qasim Khaled Faisal , Li Xuejin , El-Desoky M. M. , Xing Wei , Sheha E.
Published: November 2024

Potassium–sulfur batteries (KSBs) have garnered immense attention as a high-energy, cost-effective energy storage system.
Nanostructured Fe2O3/CuxO heterojunction for enhanced solar redox flow battery performance
Authors: Ma Jiaming , Sabzehparvar Milad , Pan Ziyan , Tagliabue Giulia
Published: November 2024

An α-Fe₂O₃/CuxO p–n junction SRFB achieves 0.46 mA cm⁻² photocurrent density, >0.35% STC efficiency, and 0.18% SOEE, leveraging earth-abundant, scalable materials for enhanced charge separation, electrochemical activity, and practical deployment.
Co nanoparticles encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanotube materials derived from new metal–organic frameworks for oxygen electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Jieling , Suo Weiran , Han Yu , Cao Yiwen , Xu Yuhan , Wang Mengying , Liang Zuozhong , Wang Yuan , Zheng Haoquan , Cao Rui
Published: November 2024

We report a novel metal–organic framework featuring Co–N4 structures. Upon pyrolysis, Co nanoparticles encapsulated within N-doped carbon nanotubes were obtained with exceptional electrocatalytic oxygen reduction/evolution reaction activities.
Correction: Thermodynamic assessment of Gd-doped CeO2 for microwave-assisted thermochemical reduction
Authors: Lee Dongkyu , Yoo Jaemin , Yun Gunsu S. , Jin Hyungyu
Published: November 2024

Correction for ‘Thermodynamic assessment of Gd-doped CeO2 for microwave-assisted thermochemical reduction’ by Dongkyu Lee et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ta05804f.
Photocrosslinkable starch cinnamyl ethers as bioinspired bio-based polymers
Authors: Petroni Simona , Orsini Sara Fernanda , Bugnotti Daniele , Callone Emanuela , Dirè Sandra , Zoia Luca , Bongiovanni Roberta , Dalle Vacche Sara , Vitale Alessandra , Raimondo Luisa , Sassella Adele , Mariani Pietro , D’Arienzo Massimiliano , Cipolla Laura
Published: November 2024

Starch-cinnamyl ethers are synthesized, shaped into thin films and characterized for their ability to undergo photo crosslinking.
In situ fabricated gold nanostars on hydrogel beads as photo-oxidase mimics for rapid and sustainable POCT of uric acid
Authors: Das Tanushree , Das Saurav , Das Debapratim
Published: November 2024

Harnessing the photo-oxidase like activity of gold nanostars embedded on the surface of hydrogel macro-beads, a new point-of-care testing platform have been developed for accurate measurement of uric acid in bio-fluids.
Loss of peroxiredoxin 6 alters lipid composition and distribution resulting in increased sensitivity to ferroptosis
Authors: Lagal Daniel J. , Ortiz-Alcántara Ángel , Pedrajas José R. , McDonagh Brian , Bárcena J. Antonio , Requejo-Aguilar Raquel , Padilla C. Alicia
Published: November 2024

Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) is a multifunctional enzyme involved in phospholipid peroxide repair and metabolism. In this study we investigated the global lipid composition of a human hepatocarcinoma cell line SNU475 lacking PRDX6 and lipid related cellular processes. There was a general decrease in multiple lipids species upon loss of PRDX6, in particular sphingomyelins and acylcarnitines, consistent with previously observed alterations in cell signaling pathways and mitochondrial dysfunction. Deprivation of docosahexaenoic acid and related species was also evident. However, a few striking exceptions are worth highlighting: (1) Three specific arachidonic acid (AA) containing phophatidylcholines (PC) increased significantly. The increase of sn1-stearic/sn2-PUFA containing PC and sn2-AA containing plasmenyls are indicative of a preference of PRDX6 iPLA2 activity for these AA storage glycerophospholipids. (2) Several polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and PUFA containing triacylglycerols accumulated together with increased formation of lipid droplets, an indication of altered FA flux and PUFA sequestration in PRDX6 knockout cells. Loss of PRDX6 resulted in increased sensitivity to erastin-induced ferroptosis, independent of selenium and GPX4, as a consequence of increased levels of lipid hydroperoxides, that reverted to normal levels upon rescue with PRDX6. The results presented demonstrate that all three enzymatic activities of PRDX6 contribute to the role of this multifunctional enzyme in diverse cellular processes, including membrane phospholipid remodeling and glycerophospholipid functional diversity, resulting in altered lipid peroxides and modulation of AA disposition and traffic. These contributions highlight the complexity of the changes that loss of PRDX6 exerts on cell functionality.
Presaturated iron‐core fault current limiters for MVDC power system applications
Authors: Metwally Ibrahim A. , Eladawy Mohamed
Published: November 2024

This paper presents design and dynamic performance investigation of a full‐scale, modular topology (arranged on the sides of a regular hexagon), medium voltage direct current (MVDC) permanent magnet (PM) biased presaturated fault current limiter (PMFCL). This PMFCL represents a cost‐effective design with enhanced longevity, reliability, scalability, and controllability. The scalability of this modular design can be extended by adding or removing CI (letters: CI) core units for different power system applications in a voltage range from to or more. The rated steady‐state (DC) and fault currents of and , respectively. The detection free and self‐triggering performance of this PMFCL is designed and simulated through a 3D coupled model of electric‐circuit magnetic‐field of COMSOL Multiphysics. Accurate representation of PM behaviour, especially in the second quadrant of its hysteresis loop of Jiles‐Atherton method gives realistic performance of the PMFCL. Comprehensive finite element simulations are carried out to study the effect of design parameters on the dynamic performance of PMFCL. Good agreement is found between COMSOL simulation results of DC‐biased PFCL and experimental results of a developed small‐scale prototype. Results reveal that the MVDC PMFCL shows significant improvement and satisfactory performance, in terms of fault current clipping ratio, fault current slope, and power losses, as compared to the conventional MVDC DC‐biased presaturated CI iron‐core fault current limiter (PFCL).
The impact of high‐voltage circuit breaker condition on power system reliability indices
Authors: Grant Jordon Ashley , Sperstad Iver Bakken , Vadlamudi Vijay Venu , Perkin Samuel , Kiel Erlend Sandø
Published: November 2024

Condition monitoring data can be used to assess the health of a power system component but is rarely used to assess the reliability of the power system they are part of. For high‐voltage circuit breakers (HVCBs), the susceptibility to various failures can be assessed by examining trip coil current (TCC) measurements. HVCBs have two failure modes, failure to trip on command and tripping without a command, which are triggered by various failure mechanisms that in turn may depend on the technical condition of the HVCBs. The aim of this article is to demonstrate a methodology for quantifying the impact that the technical condition of HVCBs has on the power system reliability indices. An equivalent transmission line failure rate considering protection system failures, including failures related to HVCBs, can be calculated by computing contributions from various fault types (FTs). This article proposes a framework that can quantify the frequency of the FTs that are affected by HVCB condition. The system‐level effects are then evaluated using approximate methods for power system reliability evaluation. To demonstrate the principles and benefits of this methodology, a case study is presented that incorporates HVCB condition data from the Icelandic transmission grid into an illustrative 4‐bus test system; a dataset of 83 TCC measurements from 38 HVCBs from the Icelandic Transmission System Operator is used, together with an outage database of life histories of 464 HVCBs from the Icelandic transmission grid. Results indicate that the condition deterioration associated with the probability of an HVCB failing to trip on command can significantly degrade the reliability indices.
Occlusion‐robust markerless surgical instrument pose estimation
Authors: Xu Haozheng , Giannarou Stamatia
Published: November 2024

The estimation of the pose of surgical instruments is important in Robot‐assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery (RMIS) to assist surgical navigation and enable autonomous robotic task execution. The performance of current instrument pose estimation methods deteriorates significantly in the presence of partial tool visibility, occlusions, and changes in the surgical scene. In this work, a vision‐based framework is proposed for markerless estimation of the 6DoF pose of surgical instruments. To deal with partial instrument visibility, a keypoint object representation is used and stable and accurate instrument poses are computed using a PnP solver. To boost the learning process of the model under occlusion, a new mask‐based data augmentation approach has been proposed. To validate the model, a dataset for instrument pose estimation with highly accurate ground truth data has been generated using different surgical robotic instruments. The proposed network can achieve submillimeter accuracy and the experimental results verify its generalisability to different shapes of occlusion.
A memristor‐sourced key for encrypted power and data synchronous transmission in switched mode power supplies
Authors: Maxwell Chiemeka L. , Wang Zixiang , Yu Dongsheng , Pastor Marek , Yu Samson S. , Alkahtani Mohammed
Published: November 2024

In power and data synchronous transmission (PDST), it is crucial to modulate additional signals onto the voltage bus of the converters. This reduces the cost of monitoring and control of the power grid. There is thus the need to ensure that the data transmitted is well secured. This study, designs an electronic system that uses the common coupling point for PDST. Then Chua's memristive circuit is introduced as an entropy source for generating a random bit sequence for encrypted PDST in a switched mode power supply. The encrypted data signal is modulated using phase shift key modulation. Thereafter, the carrier signal is pulse width modulation modulated to control the switching operation of the power switch. The use of Chua's memristive circuit for generating a random number is not new; however, there is little study directly adopting its use in PDST. This allows for resource sharing since multiple signal sources can share the same bus without interference or security risk. The generated random bits are tested for randomness using National Institute of Standards and Technology test suite and autocorrelation test. MATLAB/Simulink and experimental results both confirm the effectiveness of the proposed data encryption method.
Multi‐stage coordinated planning of energy stations and networks in park‐level integrated energy systems
Authors: Qiu Yue , Yao Yunting , Zhou Suyang , Zhang Hanlin , Bao Yuqing
Published: November 2024

With the development of distributed energy resources and intelligent energy management technologies, park‐level integrated energy systems (PIESs) are essential for multi‐energy flow conversion and utilization. However, coordinating the upstream energy sources, internal energy stations, distribution networks, and downstream loads within the PIES framework remains a challenge. Developing a station‐network coordinated planning scheme for PIES confronts challenges, such as overly complex models that are difficult to solve and the difficulty of implementing standard methods for medium and long‐term planning. This paper proposes a multi‐stage coordinated planning approach for PIES, containing energy stations, multi‐energy networks, and load aggregation nodes. The energy equipment and energy networks are precisely modelled to enhance the reliability of the planning scheme. The chance‐constrained programming (CCP) method is adopted to address uncertainties arising from renewable energy generation. Additionally, the improved big‐M method and second‐order cone (SOC) relaxation technique are utilized to manage non‐linear elements, transforming the model into a mixed‐integer second‐order cone programming (MISOCP) form to enhance solution efficiency. A case study illustrates that the proposed method enables effective allocation of equipment and networks, outperforming single‐stage planning by reducing investment costs, enhancing facility utilization rates, and facilitating renewable energy integration.
An X-ray study of changing-look active galactic nuclei
Authors: Titarchuk Lev , Seifina Elena , Mishin Egor
Published: November 2024

A significant number of changing-look active galactic nuclei (CL AGNs) have been identified to date. In this work, we study what happens to the X-ray spectrum during CL events. We use the example of the nearby CL Seyfert named NGC 1566, which has been observed by Swift, NuSTAR, XMM-Newton, and Suzaku. We applied the Comptonization model to describe the evolution of NGC 1566 X-ray spectra during outbursts and compared these results with the typical behavior of other AGNs to identify some differences and common properties that will ultimately help us better understand the physics of the CL phenomenon. We found that changes in the X-ray properties of NGC 1566 are characterized by a different combination of Sy1 (using 1H 0707–495 as a representative) and Sy2 properties (using NGC 7679 and Mrk 3 as their representatives). At high X-ray luminosities, NGC 1566 exhibits behavior typical of Sy1. At low luminosities, we see a transition of NGC 1566 from Sy1 behavior to an Sy2 pattern. We revealed the saturation of the spectral indices, α, for these four AGNs during outbursts (α1566 ∼ 1.1, α0707 ∼ 2, α7679 ∼ 0.9, and αmrk3 ∼ 0.9) and we determined the masses of the black holes (BHs) in the centers of these AGNs; namely, M0707 ∼ 6.8 × 107 M⊙, M7679 ∼ 8.4 × 106 M⊙, Mmrk3 ∼ 2.2 × 108 M⊙, and M1566 ∼ 2 × 105 M⊙, applying the scaling method. Our spectral analysis shows that the changing-look of NGC 1566 from Sy1.2 to Sy1.9 in 2019 was accompanied by the transition of NGC 1566 to an accretion regime, which is typical for the intermediate and highly soft spectral states of other BHs. We also find that when going from Sy2 to Sy1, the spectrum of NGC 1566 shows an increase in the soft excess accompanied by a decrease in the Comptonized fraction (0.1 < f < 0.5), which is consistent with the typical behavior of BH sources during X-ray outburst decay. Our results strongly suggest that the broad variations in behavior observed among CL, Sy1, and Sy2 AGNs with different X-ray luminosities can be explained by changes in a single variable parameter (e.g., the ratio of the AGN’s X-ray luminosity to its Eddington luminosity), without any need for incorporating additional differences in the Sy AGN parameters (e.g., inclination). Therefore, we find that the distinction between the Sy1, Sy2, and CL-AGN subclasses is effectively blurred.
Application of Organic Matter to Shallots Crop (Allium ascalonicum L.)
Authors: Arifah Sri Mursiani , Pangestika Padhina , Febriani Ade Ayu
Published: November 2024

The shallot crop (Allium ascalanicum L.) is one of the plants that has increased yearly, but as the community grows, consumption increases as well. This study aims to determine the effect of using different varieties and several types of animal manure compost. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) arranged with two treatments and three replications. The first factor is the variety, which includes V1 (Thai), V2 (Bauji), and V3 (Bima), while the second factor is the type of compost, which includes J1 (goat manure compost), J2 (cow manure compost), and J3 (chicken manure compost). The research shows that there is an interaction between the fresh weight of bulbs per plant, the fresh weight of bulbs per plot, and the fresh weight of bulbs per hectare. The type of compost had no significant effect on the plant height, number of leaves, diameter of the bulb, dry weight of bulbs per plant, dry weight of bulbs per plot, and dry weight of bulbs per hectare. Treatment V1J1 (Thai varieties and goat manure compost) was the best treatment combination.
Inflation and policy response: A case study of Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Erdyana Eka Briza , Nugroho Ris Yuwono Yudo
Published: November 2024

Through the responses and contributions generated during the COVID-19 pandemic from March 2020 to April 2023, this research aims to analyse the monetary determinants of inflation in Indonesia. The dependent variables in this research include consumer price index inflation (CPI) and core inflation. In contrast, the independent variables are variables on the monetary side, which include interest rate policy, money supply (M2), and the exchange rate of the United States dollar against the rupiah. This research uses a quantitative approach with the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) as the analysis method. According to the research findings, CPI and core inflation responded negatively to shocks in policy interest rates. Both CPI and core inflation responded positively to shocks or changes in the money supply. CPI and core inflation respond positively to money supply shocks. CPI and core inflation respond negatively to exchange rate shocks. Overall, core inflation responded better to the magnitude of changes in monetary side variables during the COVID-19 pandemic than consumer price index (CPI) inflation. The interest rate policy variable contributes more to consumer price index (CPI) inflation and core inflation than the money supply and exchange rate variables.
Scale Inhibition Test Study on the Recycling Process of Heap Leaching Lean Solution in A Gold Mine in Xinjiang
Authors: Lu Zhongbo , He Tao , Li Guangsheng , Wu Sheng , Xu Chao , Zhu Xingfu , Xu Qing
Published: November 2024

In response to the scaling problem of equipment, pipelines, drip pipes, and other components in the recycling process of heap leaching poor solution in a gold mine in Xinjiang, the main components of the scaling material were determined by analyzing the composition of the scaling material. The effects of different types and dosages of scale inhibitors, cycle time, temperature, and other factors on scale formation were analyzed under dynamic conditions. The impact of scale inhibitors on cyanide leaching and adsorption was evaluated, and a scale inhibitor with high scale inhibition rate and low cost was selected. The experimental results indicate that the addition of scale inhibitors can effectively solve the scaling problem in the process of poor liquid circulation and reuse, while also having considerable economic benefits.
Optimization of the Target Layer for Three-Dimensional Shale Gas Development in Weiyuan Block
Authors: Lin Yaoqiang , Zhou Mengfei , Wang Nan , Tan Xiaohua , Cheng Chao , Zhu Jichang , Wan Yujin , He Sijie
Published: November 2024

In order to explore whether the Weiyuan block can effectively carry out three-dimensional development well network deployment, we should first explore whether there is a target layer to meet the three-dimensional development. Based on three-dimensional geological, fracture and rock mechanics models, this paper finds that the absolute stress difference between Longyi14a minor layer and Longyi14b minor layer in the study area is less than 5 MPa, and there is no obvious stress isolation section, and the longitudinal distance of the upper part of Longyi14a minor layer from the top of Longyi11 layer distributes in the range of 18~28 m, which is able to effectively avoid strong inter-well interference with the horizontal wells of Longyi11 layer. So, according to the distribution characteristics of the remaining reserves and reservoir characteristics of Weiyuan block, Longyi14a minor layer is initially preferred as the target for three-dimensional development. In order to further explore the specific layers, based on the original three wells of H3 platform, four threedimensional development schemes with different target layers were designed, deploying L4 and L5 wells in the Longyi13 layer~Longyi14c minor layer, and the Longyi14a minor layer was confirmed as a three-dimensional development target layer system based on numerical simulation results. Finally, in the lower half branch of H3 platform, an “M” type three-dimensional well network pattern with five wells was adopted (three 4a wells of the lower layer Longyi11 layer L1, L2 and L3, and two wells of the upper Longyi14a minor layer - L4 and L5). The three-dimensional well network can increase production for the platform by 1.76×108 m3 and recovery increased from 14.3% to 29.3%, an overall increase of 15%. The relevant understanding can provide a reference for the three-dimensional development strategy of Weiyuan shale gas block.
Preparation of Micron-Grade Oyster Shell Particle Layer for Effective Oil/Water Separation
Authors: Yin Zichao , Sun Zhenhua , Qi Jingjing , Zhou Haigang , Wang Weidong
Published: November 2024

Oil/water separation media, such as membrane, mesh and fabric, have been heavily researched in recent years. However, most separation materials need complex modification and suffer from high costs. In this study, we piled up micron-scaled oyster shell particles (OSPs) to form a layer for separating oil/water immiscible mixtures, avoiding the complex fabrication process and yielding high separation efficiency. The prepared OSP layer exhibits underwater hydrophilicity resulting from the hydrophilicity of its main component CaCO3 and the multilevel structure of its surface, which allows only water to pass through and prevents oil from permeating. It is worth mentioning that the separation efficiencies of the OSP layer for all tested oil/water immiscible mixtures are all above 99.9% and the underwater contact angles for all investigated oils are all above 130°. We believe that this eco-friendly and profitable packing layer has a great future and will be applied in a large scale.
Pediatric Anatomy of the Anterior Clinoid Process on Computed Tomography Images
Authors: Yıldızoğlu Emek Öykü , Özdemir Erdal , Çetin Rıdvan , Alpergin Baran Can , Beger Orhan
Published: November 2024

Objective To show the change in the anterior clinoid process (ACP) morphology in children with advancing age.

Methods Radiologic images of 180 subjects aged 1 to 18 years were included in the work. The length (ACPL), width (ACPW), and angle (ACPA) of ACP, and the distance (DisACPOS) of ACP to the optic strut (OS) were measured. ACP pneumatization and OS location types were noted.

Results ACPL, ACPW, and ACPA, and DisACPOS were measured as 12.34 ± 2.29 mm, 4.52 ± 1.03 mm, 26.26 ± 4.30°, and 5.10 ± 1.12 mm, respectively. ACP pneumatization was identified in 30 (8.3%) sides. Four types regarding its pneumatization were observed: Type 0 in 91.7% out of 360 sides, Type 1 in 2.5%, Type 2 in 3.6%, and Type 3 in 2.2%. Three configurations regarding OS location types were observed as follows: Type C in 3.6% out of 360 sides, Type D in 51.7%, and Type E in 44.7%. Linear function was calculated as y = 9.377 + 0.312 × age for ACPL, y = 3.716 + 0.084 × age for ACPW, and y = 3.808 + 0.136 × age for DisACPOS.

Conclusion ACPL, ACPW, and DisACPOS increased, but ACPA did not vary with advancing ages in children. OS was located more posteriorly in children compared with adults. Most of ACP pneumatization was seen after prepubescent period.
Adverse Outcomes Associated with Progressive Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
Authors: Sarker Minhazur R. , Canfield Dana , Ferrara Lauren , Ramos Gladys A. , DeBolt Chelsea A.
Published: November 2024

Objective This study aimed to assess the association between increasing bile acid levels in pregnancies with cholestasis and adverse outcomes.

Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of singleton, non-anomalous gestations complicated by cholestasis delivered at a single academic medical center from 2005 to 2019. We compared rates of adverse outcomes in pregnancies complicated by mild cholestasis (initial total bile acid [TBA] <40 μmol/L and peak TBA <40 μmol/L), progressive cholestasis (initial TBA <40 μmol/L and peak TBA ≥40 μmol/L), and severe cholestasis (initial TBA ≥40 μmol/L). Our primary outcome was a composite adverse outcome including spontaneous preterm labor and delivery, umbilical artery pH <7.20, 5-minute Apgar <7, cesarean delivery for nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. Analyses were performed using mild cholestasis as the base comparator and a second analysis using severe cholestasis as the base comparator.

Results Of the 1,182 pregnancies complicated by cholestasis, 732 (61.9%) had mild cholestasis, 78 (6.6%) had progressive cholestasis, and 372 (31.5%) had severe cholestasis. After adjusting for confounders including gestational age at diagnosis and using mild cholestasis as the base comparator, both progressive and severe cholestasis were associated with the composite adverse outcome (progressive intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy [ICP] OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.04–2.78 and severe ICP OR 1.60; 95% CI 1.24–2.06). When using progressive cholestasis as the base comparator, there were no statistically significant differences in the primary or secondary outcomes between progressive cholestasis and severe cholestasis.

Conclusion This study highlights the significance of monitoring peak bile acid levels and that some cases of cholestasis may progress in pregnancy and the adverse associations are better reflected by the peak TBA level and not the cholestasis severity at initial diagnosis.

Key Points
Morphing of the Frontal View: Rhinoplasty as a Surface Contour Operation
Authors: Golan Izak , Khodaei Iman , Vasilenko Irina , Palma Pietro
Published: November 2024

Frontal view morphing is needed for better preoperative consultation and simulation process in rhinoplasty. Restoration of the correct light–shadow interactions in rhinoplasty demands a firm appreciation of the underlying nasal structures. Chiaroscuro is a painting technique of dark and light contrasts that can be utilized in the morphing process, enabling the surgeon to explain possible results. Patients undergoing surgery in 2019. Encounters were divided into three. First visit: history taking, a list of desires and physical examination, photography. Second visit: photo analysis was presented as well as the hypothesis of correction expressed by morphing (morphing with Adobe Photoshop software). We termed the differences between light and shade of the lateral nasal walls, the dorsum and the brow dome line and nose cheek line as the “Chiaroscuro of the nose.” This term is significant in the process of morphing of the frontal view.
We used this method of morphing in the simulation process of 126 patients. The age range was 15 to 59 years old. A total of 67% (84) were females and 33% (42) were males. A total of 43% (54) of the cases were revision cases. At the postoperative visits, all patients were more satisfied with their operative result than with their “morphed” simulation. The chiaroscuro concept of the nose is an essential step in the analysis and morphing processes of the frontal view, and a logical tool in creating a realistic surgical game plan. The morphing of the frontal view enables the surgeon and patients to discuss the possible result with more details and refinements. Morphing may be a good option to educate young surgeons in both preoperative consultation and at the operating theater.
Placenta Accreta Spectrum: Risk Factors for Unplanned Immediate Hysterectomy in Planned Uterine Preservation Surgery
Authors: Friedrich Lior , Mor Nitzan , Weissmann-Brenner Alina , Kassif Eran , Friedrich Shakad Noah , Weissbach Tal , Castel Elias , Levin Gabriel , Meyer Raanan
Published: November 2024

Objective Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a term used to describe trophoblast invasion into the uterine wall. The condition can be fatal at labor due to a lack of spontaneous separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, leading to severe hemorrhage. In this study, we aim to evaluate preoperative risk factors for unplanned immediate hysterectomy in PAS uterine-preserving surgeries.

Study Design Preoperative parameters of women who underwent successful uterine-preserving surgery were retrospectively compared with those who underwent an unplanned immediate hysterectomy during these surgeries. A multivariable regression analysis was conducted to identify independent factors associated with unplanned immediate hysterectomy.

Results Overall, 238 were included in the study's cohort. A total of 86.2% underwent successful uterine-preserving surgery, and 13.8% underwent an unplanned immediate hysterectomy. The number of previous cesarean deliveries (CDs) and the proportion of women with grade 3 preoperative PAS was significantly lower among the successful uterine-preserving group. The proportion of preoperative ultrasound lacunae detection, the number of lacunae observed, loss of clear zone detection, the length of clear zone loss, the proportion of retroplacental hypervascularity, bridging vessels detection, and bladder involvement were significantly lower in the successful uterine-preserving group. In a multivariable regression analysis, the presence of lacunae and loss of clear zone were independently associated with unplanned cesarean hysterectomy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.18 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–11.6], p = 0.047, and aOR = 3.67 [95% CI: 1.3–13.2], p = 0.025, respectively].

Conclusion Preoperative assessment of the applicability of a uterine-preserving surgery may be performed using the ultrasound parameters reported in this study.

Key Points
Synthesis of Indenoquinoxalinone-5-(furano, pyrano, and oxepino)spiro Ethers from Alkenylated Propargyl Ethers of Indenoquinoxalinone via Ring-Closing Enyne Metathesis
Authors: Kannadasan Sathananthan , Shanmugam Ponnusamy , Padmashrija Ammundi Jayavel Chirranjeevi
Published: November 2024

A facile and efficient synthetic route for indenoquinoxalinone spiro-oxacyclic systems with small to medium ring sizes has been developed via an efficient ring-closing enyne metathesis (RCEYM) as a key step. The starting material O-alkylated propargylic alcohol of indenoquinoxalinone is synthesized via a two-step protocol: 1. propargylation of ketone followed by 2. alkenylation of the resulting propargyl ethers with alkenyl bromides. Upon being subjected to RCEYM using Grubbs II catalyst, the resulting O-alkenylated propargyl derivative furnished the spiro-ethereal products in good yield. Spectroscopic data and single-crystal XRD analysis characterized the structures of the products. A plausible mechanism is provided.
Unilateral Agenesis of Iliopsoas Muscle
Authors: Algheryani Abdelhakim , Younis Sarah Muftah , Duma Ahmed M.
Published: November 2024

Agenesis of the psoas minor muscle is very common as it can be absent in approximately 56% of the population. Moreover, previous three case reports described hypoplasia of the psoas muscle. However, our case had complete agenesis of the three iliopsoas muscle components on the right side. A 26-year-old woman presented with right-side weak hip flexion that had persisted for 2 years. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed complete agenesis of the right iliopsoas muscle, and no spine pathology was detected. Radiologists should put agenesis of the iliopsoas muscle into consideration in patients presented with weak hip flexion especially when no spine pathology is detected. Follow-up is advised to study the long-term effects of iliopsoas muscle agenesis. To the best of our knowledge, we believe that this is the first report in the general literature.