bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of risk factors associated with gas embolism and evaluation of predictors of mortality in 482 loggerhead sea turtles
Authors: Franchini D. , Valastro C. , Ciccarelli S. , Trerotoli P. , Paci S. , Caprio F. , Salvemini P. , Lucchetti A. , Di Bello A.
Published: November 2021

Sea turtles that are entrapped in static and towed nets may develop gas embolism which can lead to severe organ injury and death. Trawling characteristics, physical and physiologic factors associated with gas-embolism and predictors of mortality were analysed from 482 bycaught loggerheads. We found 204 turtles affected by gas-embolism and significant positive correlations between the presence of gas-embolism and duration, depth, ascent rate of trawl, turtle size and temperature, and between mortality and ascent time, neurological deficits, significant acidosis and involvement of > 12 cardiovascular sites and the left atrium and sinus venosus-right atrium. About 90% turtles with GE alive upon arrival at Sea Turtle Clinic recovered from the disease without any supportive drug therapy. Results of this study may be useful in clinical evaluation, prognostication, and management for turtles affected by gas-embolism, but bycatch reduction must become a priority for major international organizations. According to the results of the present study the measures to be considered to reduce the catches or mortality of sea turtles for trawling are to be found in the modification of fishing nets or fishing operations and in greater awareness and education of fishermen.
Triassic hydrothermal chimneys from the Ordos Basin of Northern China
Authors: You Jiyuan , Liu Yiqun , Zhou Dingwu , Yang Yiyao
Published: November 2021

Because few well-preserved hydrothermal chimneys have been found in terrestrial sedimentary rocks, research on paleo-thermal vents in geological history is relatively sparse. In this study, we present our original discovery of “hydrothermal chimneys” from the Chang 7 source rocks of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, China, and provide the best evidence for deciphering hydrothermal activity preserved in the geological record (i.e., sedimentary rocks). Three possible chimney samples (i.e., samples 1551.6, 1551.6–2 and 1574.4) were collected for this study; they were interbedded with mudstones and oil shales, indicative of a deep-lake sedimentary environment. All three samples consist mainly of anhydrite, pyrite, and dolomite with the formation of mineral zoning across the walls of these structures, suggesting a sulfate-dominated stage and a carbonate-sulfide replacement stage. Moreover, their in situ geochemistry is characterized by high Eu, U, Th, Sr, Mn and U/Th ratios, which are typical indicators of hydrothermal vents. In addition, their S isotopes range from 7.89% to 10.88%, near the values of magma sulfur, implying a possible magmatic trigger for these hydrothermal vents. All this evidence shows that the Triassic sedimentary rocks of the Ordos Basin probably contain hydrothermal chimneys. Comparing ancient hydrothermal chimneys to modern hydrothermal chimneys, we should note the important implications of ancient chimneys; their formation mechanism may have been related to oil production, and they are possible indicators for future oil investigations. Further, they have great significance for studying the hydrothermal properties of primary dolomite.
Rapid phenotypic change in a polymorphic salamander over 43 years
Authors: Hantak Maggie M. , Federico Nicholas A. , Blackburn David C. , Guralnick Robert P.
Published: November 2021

Color polymorphic animals offer a unique system for studying intraspecific phenotypic responses to climate change. Discrete color morphs are easy to identify, and correlated trait responses of morphs can indicate how climate warming may facilitate long-term maintenance of polymorphisms. We use a historical dataset spanning 43 years to examine temporal shifts in color morph frequency and body size in response to climate in the Eastern Red-backed Salamander,Plethodon cinereus, which contains a widespread striped/unstriped color polymorphism. We created a pipeline to extract high-throughput trait data from fluid-preserved museum specimens where we batch-photographed salamanders, de-aggregated individual specimens from photographs, and solicited help of community scientists to score color morphs. We used a linear modeling framework that includes information about spatial population structure to demonstrate that color morph frequency and body size vary in response to climate, elevation, and over time, with an overall trend of higher frequency and decreased body size of the striped morph, but increased size of the unstriped morph. These surprising results suggest that morphs may be responding to multiple climate and geographic drivers through co-adapted morphological changes. This work highlights new practices of extracting trait data from museum specimens to demonstrate species phenotypes response to climate change.
Assessment of the usefulness of prognostic Van Nuys Prognostic Index in the treatment in ductal carcinoma in situ in 15-year observation
Authors: Kunkiel Michał , Niwińska Anna
Published: November 2021

Ductal carcinoma in situ, a marginal fraction of the mammary gland diseases, is recognized in 25% of breast cancers detected with mammographic screening. The aim of the study was to assess the prognostic value of Van Nuys Prognostic Index, serving to determine the method of treatment according to the recurrence risk. From the 737 of cases of DCIS detection patients treated in our department in the years 1996–2011. The remaining 525 patients whose treatment began from excision of local DCIS and whose further course of treatment was determined after histopathological examination, who were left for observation, treated with lumpectomy and radiotherapy or mastectomy, were qualified for the assessment of mentioned index (Online Appendix 1- Figure S1). The 5-, 10- and 15- year disease recurrence-free survival for the group of 525 patients was 88%, 74% and 62%, respectively. The percentage of 5-, 10- and 15-year disease recurrence-free survival in patients treated in compliance with the VNP Index in individual risk groups did not differ in a statistically significant way. In the low-risk group the percentage of recurrences after local excision, after 5, 10 and 15 years of observation amounted to 8.8%, 22.8% and 28.8%. In patients from this group, the recurrence risk after breast conserving treatment and mastectomy was 2% and 0%, respectively. VNP Index is not an optimal tool for patients with DCIS. It can be helpful only in some clinically difficult cases as one of methods of assessing the risk of recurrence.
Determination of probability of causative pathogen in infectious keratitis using deep learning algorithm of slit-lamp images
Authors: Koyama Ayumi , Miyazaki Dai , Nakagawa Yuji , Ayatsuka Yuji , Miyake Hitomi , Ehara Fumie , Sasaki Shin-ichi , Shimizu Yumiko , Inoue Yoshitsugu
Published: November 2021

Corneal opacities are important causes of blindness, and their major etiology is infectious keratitis. Slit-lamp examinations are commonly used to determine the causative pathogen; however, their diagnostic accuracy is low even for experienced ophthalmologists. To characterize the “face” of an infected cornea, we have adapted a deep learning architecture used for facial recognition and applied it to determine a probability score for a specific pathogen causing keratitis. To record the diverse features and mitigate the uncertainty, batches of probability scores of 4 serial images taken from many angles or fluorescence staining were learned for score and decision level fusion using a gradient boosting decision tree. A total of 4306 slit-lamp images including 312 images obtained by internet publications on keratitis by bacteria, fungi, acanthamoeba, and herpes simplex virus (HSV) were studied. The created algorithm had a high overall accuracy of diagnosis, e.g., the accuracy/area under the curve for acanthamoeba was 97.9%/0.995, bacteria was 90.7%/0.963, fungi was 95.0%/0.975, and HSV was 92.3%/0.946, by group K-fold validation, and it was robust to even the low resolution web images. We suggest that our hybrid deep learning-based algorithm be used as a simple and accurate method for computer-assisted diagnosis of infectious keratitis.
Inheritance of gene expression throughout fruit development in chili pepper
Authors: Escoto-Sandoval Christian , Ochoa-Alejo Neftalí , Martínez Octavio
Published: November 2021

Gene expression is the primary molecular phenotype and can be estimated in specific organs or tissues at particular times. Here we analyzed genome-wide inheritance of gene expression in fruits of chili pepper (Capsicum annuumL.) in reciprocal crosses between a domesticated and a wild accession, estimating this parameter during fruit development. We defined a general hierarchical schema to classify gene expression inheritance which can be employed for any quantitative trait. We found that inheritance of gene expression is affected by both, the time of fruit development as well as the direction of the cross, and propose that such variations could be common in many developmental processes. We conclude that classification of inheritance patterns is important to have a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying gene expression regulation, and demonstrate that sets of genes with specific inheritance pattern at particular times of fruit development are enriched in different biological processes, molecular functions and cell components. All curated data and functions for analysis and visualization are publicly available as an R package.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between fluoride exposure and neurological disorders
Authors: Miranda Giza Hellen Nonato , Alvarenga Maria Olímpia Paz , Ferreira Maria Karolina Martins , Puty Bruna , Bittencourt Leonardo Oliveira , Fagundes Nathalia Carolina Fernandes , Pessan Juliano Pelim , Buzalaf Marília Afonso Rabelo , Lima Rafael Rodrigues
Published: November 2021

Different studies have suggested that fluoride is related to neurological disorders in children and adolescents, but clinical evidences of which neurological parameters associated to fluoride exposure are, in fact, still controversial. In this way, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to show if there is an association between fluoride exposure from different sources, doses and neurological disorders. Terms related to “Humans”; “Central nervous system”; “Fluorides”; and “Neurologic manifestations” were searched in a systematic way onPubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,Lilacs,CochraneandGoogle Scholar.All studies performed on humans exposed to fluoride were included on the final assessment. A meta-analysis was then performed and the quality level of evidence was performed using theGRADEapproach. Our search retrieved 4,024 studies, among which 27 fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The main source of fluoride was naturally fluoridated water. Twenty-six studies showed alterations related to Intelligence Quotient (IQ) while only one has evaluated headache, insomnia, lethargy, polydipsia and polyuria. Ten studies were included on the meta-analysis, which showed IQ impairment only for individuals under high fluoride exposure considering the World Health Organization criteria, without evidences of association between low levels and any neurological disorder. However, the high heterogeneity observed compromise the final conclusions obtained by the quantitative analyses regarding such high levels. Furthermore, this association was classified as very low-level evidence. At this time, the current evidence does not allow us to state that fluoride is associated with neurological damage, indicating the need for new epidemiological studies that could provide further evidences regarding this possible association.
Spike protein multiorgan tropism suppressed by antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Brady Molly , McQuaid Conor , Solorzano Alexander , Johnson Angelique , Combs Abigail , Venkatraman Chethana , Rahman Akib , Leyva Hannah , Kwok Wing-Chi Edmund , Wood Ronald W. , Deane Rashid
Published: November 2021

While there is SARS-CoV-2 multiorgan tropism in severely infected COVID-19 patients, it’s unclear if this occurs in healthy young individuals. In addition, for antibodies that target the spike protein (SP), it’s unclear if these reduce SARS-CoV-2/SP multiorgan tropism equally. We used fluorescently labeled SP-NIRF to study viral behavior, using an in vivo dynamic imaging system and ex in vivo tissue analysis, in young mice. We found a SP body-wide biodistribution followed by a slow regional elimination, except for the liver, which showed an accumulation. SP uptake was highest for the lungs, and this was followed by kidney, heart and liver, but, unlike the choroid plexus, it was not detected in the brain parenchyma or CSF. Thus, the brain vascular barriers were effective in restricting the entry of SP into brain parenchyma in young healthy mice. While both anti-ACE2 and anti-SP antibodies suppressed SP biodistribution and organ uptake, anti-SP antibody was more effective. By extension, our data support the efficacy of these antibodies on SARS-CoV-2 multiorgan tropism, which could determine COVID-19 organ-specific outcomes.
Quaternary landscape dynamics boosted species dispersal across Southeast Asia
Authors: Salles Tristan , Mallard Claire , Husson Laurent , Zahirovic Sabin , Sarr Anta-Clarisse , Sepulchre Pierre
Published: November 2021

Sundaland, the inundated shelf separating Java, Sumatra and Borneo from the Malay Peninsula, is of exceptional interest to biogeographers for its species richness and its position at the junction between the Australasian and Indomalay biogeographic provinces. Owing to its low elevation and relief, its physiography is contingent on relative sea-level change, which drove Quaternary species burst in response to flooding episodes. New findings show that the region was predominantly terrestrial during the Late Pleistocene requiring a reassessment of the drivers of its recent biodiversity history. Here we show that physiographic changes have modified the regional connectivity network and remodelled the pathways of species dispersal. From combined landscape evolution and connectivity models, we found four phases of drainage reorganisation and river captures. These changes have fragmented the environment into multiple habitats connected by migratory corridors that cover 8% of the exposed shelf and stretch across the biogeographic provinces. Our results support the theory that rapidly evolving physiography could foster Quaternary biodiversification across Southeast Asia.
Hypocrellin B-based activatable photosensitizers for specific photodynamic effects against high H2O2-expressing cancer cells
Authors: Kitamura Takashi , Nakata Hirotaka , Takahashi Daisuke , Toshima Kazunobu
Published: November 2021

A purpose-designed synthetic H2O2-activatable photosensitizer 4 based on hypocrellin B (3) exhibited selective photo-cytotoxicity against target cancer cells upon photo-irradiation with highly tissue penetrating 660 nm light.
Tetra- and hexanuclear string complexes of the coinage metals
Authors: Dahlen Milena , Seifert Tim P. , Lebedkin Sergei , Gamer Michael T. , Kappes Manfred M. , Roesky Peter W.
Published: November 2021

Tetranuclear homo- and heterometallic coinage metal complexes, as well as a hexanuclear gold complex, were synthesized. All feature a metal string structure.
Precipitation dominated thin films of acetaminophen fabricated by meniscus guided coating
Authors: Guthrie Stephanie M. , Smith Natalie , Conley Ashley M. , Smilgies Detlef-M. , Giri Gaurav
Published: November 2021

Crystallization above the solvent boiling point facilitates the identification of a new precipitation dominant morphology during meniscus guided coating.
Intense chiral signal from α-helical poly-l-alanine observed in low-frequency Raman optical activity
Authors: Yamamoto Shigeki , Ishiro Shota , Kessler Jiří , Bouř Petr
Published: November 2021

Strong low-frequency Raman optical activity was assigned to helical peptide vibrations. The signal origin was confirmed by DFT. The strength makes these bands suitable for sensitive detection of protein α-helices.
Remarkably high solvatochromism in the circular dichroism spectra of the polyproline-II conformation: limitations or new opportunities?
Authors: Kubyshkin Vladimir , Bürck Jochen , Babii Oleg , Budisa Nediljko , Ulrich Anne S.
Published: November 2021

This experimental work reveals a number of prominent environmental effects relevant for understanding ECD spectra in extended peptide conformations.
Probing the nature of donor–acceptor effects in conjugated materials: a joint experimental and computational study of model conjugated oligomers
Authors: Anderson Trent E. , Culver Evan W. , Badía-Domínguez Irene , Wilcox Wyatt D. , Buysse Claire E. , Ruiz Delgado M. Carmen , Rasmussen Seth C.
Published: November 2021

Model dimers consisting of a traditional strong donor, a traditional strong acceptor, and ambipolar thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine were studied to provide a deeper understanding of donor–acceptor interactions and their application to conjugated materials.
Estimation of electrochemical cell potentials and reaction energies using Fermi energies
Authors: Kalantarian Mohammad Mahdi , Haghipour Amir
Published: November 2021

The difference between Fermi energies of the products and reactants corresponds to the cell-voltage or reaction-energy. This approach is approved for cell-voltage of important Li-ion electrodes using DFT calculations.
Happy photocatalysts and unhappy photocatalysts: electron trap-distribution analysis for metal oxide-sample identification
Authors: Ohtani Bunsho , Takashima Mai
Published: November 2021

An attempt to identify inorganic solids, such as metal oxides, using ERDT (energy-resolved distribution of electron traps)/CBB (conduction-band bottom) patterns, measured by reversed double-beam spectroscopy, as a “fingerprint” is introduced.
Auto-tandem catalytic reductive hydroformylation with continuous multiphase catalyst recycling
Authors: Püschel Sebastian , Hammami Enes , Rösler Thorsten , Ehmann Kira R. , Vorholt Andreas J. , Leitner Walter
Published: November 2021

This work covers auto-tandem catalytic hydroformylation and hydrogenation for the synthesis of alcohols for synthetic fuels from renewable olefin cuts. A multiphase catalyst recycling system was proven to be feasible in continuous flow.
Light-enabled alkenylation of iodocarboranes with unactivated alkenes
Authors: Ni Hangcheng , Lu Zhenpin , Xie Zuowei
Published: November 2021

Transition metal-free photoalkenylation of iodocarboranes with unactivated alkenes has been achieved for the facile synthesis of alkenylated-o-carboranes with broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance under mild reaction conditions.
Determinants of lithium-ion battery technology cost decline
Authors: Ziegler Micah S. , Song Juhyun , Trancik Jessika E.
Published: November 2021

We elucidate why lithium-ion battery costs declined. We disentangle cost change mechanisms and quantify their effects, and find that research and development, especially in chemistry and materials science, played an outsized role in cost reduction.
New formulation of the theory of thermoelectric generators operating under constant heat flux
Authors: Min Gao
Published: November 2021

New theory expands the capability for dealing with the situation under constant heat flux.
Robust and highly adaptable high internal phase gel emulsions stabilized solely by a natural saponin hydrogelator glycyrrhizic acid
Authors: Xu Mengyue , Ma Lulu , Li Qing , Wu Jiahao , Wan Zhili , Ngai To , Yang Xiaoquan
Published: November 2021

A new class of high internal phase gel emulsions that are mechanically robust, adaptable, and processable is synthesized facilely by using the natural food-grade saponin glycyrrhizic acid as the sole stabilizer, which is versatile for various oils.
Bio-based photo-reversible self-healing polymer designed from lignin
Authors: Sinha Roy Pallabi , Mention Matthieu M. , Turner Matthew A. P. , Brunissen Fanny , Stavros Vasilios G. , Garnier Gil , Allais Florent , Saito Kei
Published: November 2021

Through structure–activity relationship study and density functional theory, this research designs novel lignin-based photo-responsive crosslinkable polymer with engineerable self-healing properties by utilizing a green photo-polymerization method.
Z-Scheme nanocomposite with high redox ability for efficient cleavage of lignin C–C bonds under simulated solar light
Authors: Wu Xuejiao , Lin Jinchi , Zhang Huizhen , Xie Shunji , Zhang Qinghong , Sels Bert F. , Wang Ye
Published: November 2021

Ag3PO4–PCN nanocomposite effectively cleaves C–C bonds of β-1 lignin models under simulated solar light mainly through an electron–hole coupled mechanism. The strong redox capability of the Z-scheme photocatalyst is the key to high efficiency.
Bridging the gap between development of point-of-care nucleic acid testing and patient care for sexually transmitted infections
Authors: Hsieh Kuangwen , Melendez Johan H. , Gaydos Charlotte A. , Wang Tza-Huei
Published: November 2021

Toward tackling the ongoing epidemic of sexually transmitted infections, this review aims to bridge the gap between researchers who develop nucleic acid amplification-based point-of-care tests and end-users who need such tests.
Neural network-enhanced real-time impedance flow cytometry for single-cell intrinsic characterization
Authors: Feng Yongxiang , Cheng Zhen , Chai Huichao , He Weihua , Huang Liang , Wang Wenhui
Published: November 2021

We propose to employ NN-enhanced IFC to achieve both real-time single-cell intrinsic characterization and intrinsic metric-based cell classification at high throughput.
Spatial trans-epithelial electrical resistance (S-TEER) integrated in organs-on-chips
Authors: Renous Noa , Kiri Mark D. , Barnea Ronny A. , Rauti Rossana , Leichtmann-Bardoogo Yael , Maoz Ben M.
Published: November 2021

Moving electrodes integrated in organs-on-chips enables spatial information on the barrier function using trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER).
Room temperature synthesis of a luminescent crystalline Cu–BTC coordination polymer and metal–organic framework
Authors: Siddiqui Shiraz Ahmed , Prado-Roller Alexander , Shiozawa Hidetsugu
Published: November 2021

Synthesis of crystalline materials is elemental in the field of coordination chemistry towards optical applications.
Dissolution-enhanced emission of 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(p-benzoic acid)pyrene for selectively detecting protamine and “on-to-on” heparin detection in water
Authors: Li Hongtao , Zhang Yuting , Huang Yan , Cao Dapeng , Wang Shitao
Published: November 2021

A small molecule TBAPy was used as a turn-on fluorescent probe to selectively detect protamine and heparin based on the dissolution-enhanced emission (DEE) phenomenon.
D–A systems based on oxazolone–coumarin triazoles as solid-state emitters and inhibitors of human cervical cancer cells (HeLa)
Authors: Shamsiya Aranhikkal , Bahulayan Damodaran
Published: November 2021

D–A systems with solid-state emission and anticancer properties have been synthesized in three steps via the MCR-Click protocol.
Porous carbon-based polymer monolithic template implanted with an ion-receptor molecular probe as a solid-state ocular sensor for the selective targeting and capturing of cobalt ions
Authors: Kuppusamy Satheesh , Deivasigamani Prabhakaran
Published: November 2021

Polymer monolithic solid-state optical sensor offers exclusive selectivity and a faster response for ultra-trace Co(ii) ions, with excellent reusability and data reproducibility.
Dibenzo[f,h]furo[2,3-b]quinoxaline-based molecular scaffolds as deep blue fluorescence materials for organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Wang Xinye , Wu Yuan , Wu Chuan Ming , Li Yixiang , Wang Dongdong , Wu Yong , Ning Shuya , Jiao Bo , Wu Zhaoxin
Published: November 2021

A novel molecular scaffold, dibenzo[f,h]furo[2,3-b]quinoxaline (3,6-bis(4-isopropylphenyls)-11-phenyldibenzo[f,h]furo[2,3-b]quinoxaline (dP-diBFQ) and furo[2′,3′:5,6]pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline, were designed, for pure and deep blue emission. OLEDs based on dP-diBFQ shows pure blue emission with CIE coordinates of (0.154, 0.102) and an EQE of 2.28%.
One stone two birds: a sinter-resistant TiO2 nanofiber-based unbroken mat enables PM capture and in situ elimination
Authors: Xu Wanlin , Fu Wanlin , Meng Xiangyu , Tang Mingyu , Huang Chaobo , Sun Yueming , Dai Yunqian
Published: November 2021

Fragile TiO2 nanofibers was functionalized with good structural integrity, flexibility, and foldability, by depressing the sintering of nanocrystallites, enabling PM capture and in situ elimination via a “one-stone-two-birds” approach.
Photoelectric effect of hybrid ultraviolet-sensitized phototransistors from an n-type organic semiconductor and an all-inorganic perovskite quantum dot photosensitizer
Authors: Hong Shao-Huan , Afraj Shakil N. , Huang Ping-Yu , Yeh Yi-Zi , Tung Shih-Huang , Chen Ming-Chou , Liu Cheng-Liang
Published: November 2021

Hybrid ultraviolet sensitized phototransistors utilizing blends of an n-type DTTQ organic semiconductor and a CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dot (QD) photosensitizer are reported with an excellent photoresponse.
Evolution of PtCu tripod nanocrystals to dendritic triangular nanocrystals and study of the electrochemical performance to alcohol electrooxidation
Authors: Pu Houkang , Zhang Te , Dong Kaiyu , Dai Huizhen , Zhou Luming , Wang Kuankuan , Bai Shuxing , Wang Yingying , Deng Yujia
Published: November 2021

The evolution of PtCu tripods to dendritic PtCu triangular nanocrystals was systematically investigated, which would provide a general strategy for the design of novel branched Pt-based nanomaterials with high electrocatalytic performance.
Simple and robust nitroxide-mediated polymerization with oxygen tolerance
Authors: Dong Xin , Wang Linan , He Yanjie , Cui Zhe , Fu Peng , Liu Minying , Qiao Xiaoguang , Shi Ge , Pang Xinchang
Published: November 2021

Without traditional degassing operation, the resultant NMP with Dispolreg 007 as the alkoxyamine initiator exhibited similar living and control behavior as the one performed under degassing.
Correction: High thermoelectric performance for an Ag2Se-based material prepared by a wet chemical method
Authors: Li D. , Zhang J. H. , Li J. M. , Zhang J. , Qin X. Y.
Published: November 2021

Correction for ‘High thermoelectric performance for an Ag2Se-based material prepared by a wet chemical method’ by D. Li et al., Mater. Chem. Front., 2020, 4, 875–880, DOI: 10.1039/C9QM00487D.
H2O2-independent chemodynamic therapy initiated from magnetic iron carbide nanoparticle-assisted artemisinin synergy
Authors: Zhao Fan , Yu Jing , Gao Weiliang , Yang Xue , Liang Liying , Sun Xiaolian , Su Dan , Ying Yao , Li Wangchang , Li Juan , Zheng Jingwu , Qiao Liang , Cai Wei , Che Shenglei , Mou Xiaozhou
Published: November 2021

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a booming technology that utilizes Fenton reagents to kill tumor cells by transforming intracellular H2O2 into reactive oxygen species (ROS), but insufficient endogenous H2O2 makes it difficult to attain satisfactory antitumor results.
Near-infrared tunable surface plasmon resonance sensors based on graphene plasmons via electrostatic gating control
Authors: Xiao Yi , Zhong Yongchun , Luo Yunhan , Zhang Jun , Chen Yaofei , Liu Guishi , Yu Jianhui
Published: November 2021

A tunable near-infrared surface plasmon resonance sensor based on graphene plasmons via electrostatic gating control is investigated theoretically.
Optical anticounterfeiting photonic bilayer film based on handedness of solid-state helicoidal structure
Authors: Hussain Saddam , Haider Sajjad , Al-Masry Waheed , Park Soo-Young
Published: November 2021

Anticounterfeiting photonic bilayer DH-CLCsolid films were fabricated by sandwiching two CLCsolid films having different handedness. The encrypted information is only disclosed under right-handed circular polarized light.
Rhodium(i) complexes derived from tris(isopropyl)-azaphosphatrane—controlling the metal–ligand interplay
Authors: Chang Wei-Chieh , Deufel Fritz , Weyhermüller Thomas , Farès Christophe , Werlé Christophe
Published: November 2021

The synthesis and coordination chemistry of Rh(i) complexes bearing a tris(isopropyl)-azaphosphatrane (TiPrAP) ligand are reported. The adaptive nature of TiPrAP ligands allows for molecular control of the immediate environment of the metal center.
Going beyond the borders: pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles with deep red emission
Authors: Tasior Mariusz , Kowalczyk Paweł , Przybył Marta , Czichy Małgorzata , Janasik Patryk , Bousquet Manon H. E. , Łapkowski Mieczysław , Rammo Matt , Rebane Aleksander , Jacquemin Denis , Gryko Daniel T.
Published: November 2021

Ladder-type heterocycles encompassing two B−–N+ dative bonds possess intense green to red emission, large 2PA cross-sections and superb photostability.
Oxime as a general photocage for the design of visible light photo-activatable fluorophores
Authors: Wang Lushun , Wang Shichao , Tang Juan , Espinoza Vanessa B. , Loredo Axel , Tian Zeru , Weisman R. Bruce , Xiao Han
Published: November 2021

Photoactivatable fluorophores have been widely used for tracking molecular and cellular dynamics with subdiffraction resolution.
Organic electrochemical transistors as novel biosensing platforms to study the electrical response of whole blood and plasma
Authors: Preziosi Valentina , Barra Mario , Tomaiuolo Giovanna , D’Angelo Pasquale , Marasso Simone Luigi , Verna Alessio , Cocuzza Matteo , Cassinese Antonio , Guido Stefano
Published: November 2021

In this paper, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, OECTs are employed to investigate the electrical response of human blood, plasma and alternative buffer solutions that inhibit red blood cell (RBC) aggregation.
Fluorinated paclitaxel prodrugs for potentiated stability and chemotherapy
Authors: Jiang Bowen , Hao Dengyuan , Li Chaonan , Lu Shaojin , Pei Qing , Xie Zhigang
Published: November 2021

The assembly behavior and colloidal stability of fluorinated paclitaxel prodrugs are tailored by optimizing the length of fluoroalkyl chains. The PS-17F possesses the most excellent self-assembly behavior, colloidal stability and antitumor efficacy.
Ionic interactions control the modulus and mechanical properties of molecular ionic composite electrolytes
Authors: Bostwick Joshua E. , Zanelotti Curt J. , Yu Deyang , Pietra Nicholas F. , Williams Teague A. , Madsen Louis A. , Colby Ralph H.
Published: November 2021

Six molecular ionic composite electrolyte films were produced by combining a rigid-rod polyelectrolyte and various ionic liquids. These electrolytes exhibit both higher modulus and room temperature ionic conductivity than other polymer-based electrolytes.
Highly sensitive g-C3N4 nanosheets as a potential candidate for the effective detection of NO2 gas via langasite-based surface acoustic wave gas sensor
Authors: Pasupuleti Kedhareswara Sairam , Nam Dong-Jin , Bak Na-hyun , Reddeppa Maddaka , Oh Jae-Eung , Kim Song-Gang , Cho Hak Dong , Kim Moon-Deock
Published: November 2021

In this work, 2D g-C3N4 nanosheets were employed as a sensitive interface for high-performance NO2 SAW gas sensors, operating at various environmental conditions. The immense sensitivity to NO2 gas is attributed to the enhanced mass loading effect.
The SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein disrupts human cardiac pericytes function through CD147 receptor-mediated signalling: a potential non-infective mechanism of COVID-19 microvascular disease
Authors: Avolio Elisa , Carrabba Michele , Milligan Rachel , Kavanagh Williamson Maia , Beltrami Antonio P. , Gupta Kapil , Elvers Karen T. , Gamez Monica , Foster Rebecca R. , Gillespie Kathleen , Hamilton Fergus , Arnold David , Berger Imre , Davidson Andrew D. , Hill Darryl , Caputo Massimo , Madeddu Paolo
Published: November 2021

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a broad range of clinical responses including prominent microvascular damage. The capacity of SARS-CoV-2 to infect vascular cells is still debated. Additionally, the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein may act as a ligand to induce non-infective cellular stress. We tested this hypothesis in pericytes (PCs), which are reportedly reduced in the heart of patients with severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Here we newly show that the in vitro exposure of primary human cardiac PCs to the SARS-CoV-2 wildtype strain or the α and δ variants caused rare infection events. Exposure to the recombinant S protein alone elicited signalling and functional alterations, including: (1) increased migration, (2) reduced ability to support endothelial cell (EC) network formation on Matrigel, (3) secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules typically involved in the cytokine storm, and (4) production of pro-apoptotic factors causing EC death. Next, adopting a blocking strategy against the S protein receptors angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and CD147, we discovered that the S protein stimulates the phosphorylation/activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) through the CD147 receptor, but not ACE2, in PCs. The neutralisation of CD147, either using a blocking antibody or mRNA silencing, reduced ERK1/2 activation, and rescued PC function in the presence of the S protein. Immunoreactive S protein was detected in the peripheral blood of infected patients. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the S protein may prompt PC dysfunction, potentially contributing to microvascular injury. This mechanism may have clinical and therapeutic implications.
A MUltiwavelength Study of ELAN Environments (AMUSE2)
Authors: Nowotka Marta , Chen Chian-Chou , Battaia Fabrizio Arrigoni , Fumagalli Michele , Cai Zheng , Lusso Elisabeta , Prochaska J. Xavier , Yang Yujin
Published: November 2021

We have been undertaking a systematic survey at 850 μm based on a sample of four prototypical z ∼ 2 − 3 enormous Lyα nebulae (ELANe) as well as their megaparsec-scale (Mpc-scale) environments to study the physical connections between ELANe and their coeval dusty submillimeter galaxies (SMGs). By analysing the SCUBA-2 data with self-consistent Monte Carlo simulations to construct the number counts, here, we report on the overabundance of 850 μm-selected submillimeter sources around all the four ELANe, by a factor of 3.6 ± 0.6 (weighted average) compared to the blank fields. This suggests that the excessive number of submillimeter sources are likely to be part of the Mpc-scale environment around the ELANe, corroborating the co-evolution scenario for SMGs and quasars; this is a process which may be more commonly observed in the ELAN fields. If the current form of the underlying count models continues toward the fainter end, our results would suggest an excess of the 850 μm extragalactic background light by a factor of between 2–10, an indication of significant background light fluctuations on the survey scales. Finally, by assuming that all the excessive submillimeter sources are associated with their corresponding ELAN environments, we estimate the SFR densities of each ELAN field, as well as a weighted average of ΣSFR = 1200 ± 300 M⊙ yr−1 Mpc−3, consistent with that found in the vicinity of other quasar systems or proto-clusters at similar redshifts; in addition, it is a factor of about 300 greater than the cosmic mean.
Modelling and numerical simulation of fire in a coffee storage hall
Authors: Krumov Kalin , Penkova Nina , Mladenov Boian , Stoyanov Yordan
Published: November 2021

An approach for modelling of fire in halls at solid materials burning, based on gas phase combustion models in ANSYS/CFX, is proposed. The models are suitable for quick prediction of the flue gases distribution and thermal loads on the building envelopes at a design stage. They was applied for numerical simulation of such processes in a coffee storage hall at different fire positions and forced anti-smoke ventilation. The thermal, fluid flow and concentration field were obtained at the modelled scenarios. Maximal thermal loads on the building envelopes are established at the case of fire near their non-streamlined parts.
Modification of Leather Surface Using Low-Pressure Plasma and Antimicrobial Reagent
Authors: Ercegović Ražić Sanja , Akalović Jadranka , Ivanković Tomislav , Ludaš Anja , Ištef Katarina
Published: November 2021

Investigations, which are related to plasma efficiency on the treated leather surface, are significant in the development of ecologically and economically friendly processes in obtaining material of desired functional properties. Through the pretreatments using plasma different chemical-physical reactions in the surface layer of treated leather are occurred resulting in improved reactivity. In this paper, modification and functionalization of bovine leather using 1,2,3,4-butantetracarboxylic acid and chitosan were explored. Pretreatments of leather samples were realised using argon and oxygen plasma to assess various influence of chemically reactive oxygen and inert argon gas. Two different bovine leathers -chrome tanned leather and leather tanned with synthetic tanning agent (Cr-free) were chosen for treatments. Analyse of the surface morphology was conducted with SEM microscopy, while the chemical changes using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Antimicrobial effectiveness of treated leather was tested with qualitative Agar diffusion plate test against two bacterialStaphylococcus aureusandKlebsiella pneumoniae. Obtained results indicated how applied oxygen and argon plasma pretreatments in optimized process conditions contribute to the improvement of tested functional properties. Achieved surface changes positively affected on leather surface reactivity and antimicrobial effectiveness, particularly Cr-free leather.
Scalarization and convergence in unified set optimization
Authors: Khushboo  , Lalitha C.S.
Published: November 2021

This paper deals with scalarization and stability aspects for a unified set optimization problem. We provide characterization for a unified preference relation and the corresponding unified minimal solution in terms of a generalized oriented distance function of the sup-inf type. We establish continuity of a function associated with the generalized oriented distance function and provide an existence result for the unified minimal solution. We establish Painlevé–Kuratowski convergence of minimal solutions of a family of scalar problems to the minimal solutions of the unified set optimization problem.
Randomisierte Studien zum Einsatz von Rekonvaleszentenplasma bei COVID-19: eine Standortbestimmung
Authors: Körper Sixten , Appl Thomas , Jahrsdörfer Bernd , Lotfi Ramin , Rojewski Markus , Wuchter Patrick , Tonn Torsten , Bakchoul Tamam , Karatas Mesut , Schmidt Michael , Klüter Harald , Seifried Erhard , Schrezenmeier Hubert
Published: November 2021

Plasma von genesenen Spendern mit COVID-19 (COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma, CCP) wurde als Behandlungsoption für Patienten mit COVID-19 in Betracht gezogen. In der ersten Phase der Pandemie wurden mehrere Fallberichte und Fallkontrollstudien mit Hinweisen auf eine therapeutische Wirkung veröffentlicht. Inzwischen liegen die Ergebnisse zahlreicher randomisierter Studien vor. Die Studien unterscheiden sich in vielen Aspekten, u. a. in den Patientenpopulationen, die von ambulanten Patienten mit mildem COVID-19 bis zu kritisch Kranken reichten, wie auch den Endpunkten. Ebenso war der Behandlungsstandard innerhalb der klinischen Studien sehr unterschiedlich. Vor allem aber unterschied sich das Prüfpräparat CCP erheblich in Bezug auf das Behandlungsschema, das Volumen und den Gehalt an Antikörpern. Im Folgenden werden wir die Ergebnisse der bisher publizierten randomisierten Studien diskutieren. Aus den bisher veröffentlichten Ergebnissen lässt sich eine Wirksamkeit von CCP ableiten, sofern es sehr hohe Titer neutralisierender Antikörper enthält und früh im Krankheitsverlauf verabreicht wird. COVID-19-Rekonvaleszenten-Plasma ist noch keine Routinebehandlung und sollte möglichst weiter in klinischen Studien untersucht werden. Neu konzipierte Studien sollten sich auf die frühe Anwendung von CCP mit einem hohen Gehalt an neutralisierenden Antikörpern bei Patienten mit hohem Risiko für eine Progression zu einer schweren COVID-19-Erkrankung konzentrieren und wichtige Begleitmedikationen kontrollieren.
Recyclable Pd2dba3/XPhos/PEG-2000 System for Efficient Boryl­ation of Aryl Chlorides: Practical Access to Aryl Boronates
Authors: Cai Mingzhong , Huang Bin , Luo Chengkai , Xu Caifeng
Published: November 2021

Pd2dba3/XPhos in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-2000) is shown to be a highly stable and efficient catalyst for the borylation of aryl chlorides with bis(pinacolato)diboron. The borylation reaction proceeds smoothly at 110 °C, delivering a wide variety of aryl boronates in good to excellent yields with high functional group tolerance. The crude products were easily isolated via simple extraction of the reaction mixture with cyclohexane. Moreover, both expensive Pd2dba3 and XPhos in PEG-2000 system could be readily recycled and reused more than six times without loss of catalytic efficiency.
Total Synthesis of (–)-Aristoquinoline via an Intramolecular Nitrilium Ion Cyclization
Authors: Reber Keith P. , Gujarati Priyansh D.
Published: November 2021

The enantioselective total synthesis of the alkaloid aristoquinoline has been achieved in seven steps and 26% overall yield. A new preparation of the useful synthetic building block (–)-α-terpinyl amine was also developed in order to avoid stoichiometric mercury reagents or azide-containing intermediates. Key steps in the optimized synthetic route include an intramolecular nitrilium ion cyclization to form the characteristic azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane ring system and a dia­stereoselective reduction of the resulting imine mixture to afford the natural product. An isomer of aristoquinoline containing an exocyclic alkene was also obtained and found to exhibit unusual chromatographic and spectroscopic properties.
Left-Handedness in Obstetrics and Gynecology: A Nationwide Survey of U.S. Trainees and Educators
Authors: Moutos Christopher P. , Arena Goncharov Daphne D. , Saad Antonio F. , Richardson Gwyn , Jain Sangeeta
Published: November 2021

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the views and influence of left-handedness among obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) trainees and educators and to identify perceived obstacles in training by left-handed (LH) trainees.

Study Design An online survey was sent to the U.S. Obstetrics and Gynecology training programs. All participants were asked questions on hand preference for various medical and nonmedical activities, as well as on demographics. Participant responses to handedness and their role as a learner or educator directed them toward further questions. Trainees were surveyed on their experience and outlook as a LH physician in OBGYN. Educators were surveyed on their experience and attitudes in working with LH trainees. LH educators were also surveyed on their experience as a LH physician, similar to the LH trainees. Chi-square or Fisher's exact analysis was used as appropriate, with p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results Responses were received from 21 training programs, totaling 304 individuals. Participants included 205 learners (156 right handed and 49 left handed), and 99 faculty (82 right handed and 17 left handed). A lack of LH surgical instrument availability (93.6%) and difficulty using right-handed (RH) instruments (83%) were notable obstacles reported by LH learners. The majority of LH learners (57.4%) did not consider their handedness to be disadvantageous but did note added difficulty when training under RH mentors when compared with training under LH mentors (66%). In contrast to LH educators, RH educators endorsed added difficulty in instructing operative procedures to LH learners (32.1 vs. 13.3%, p = 0.012).

Conclusion LH trainees face unique challenges during their OBGYN training. Educators would benefit from guidance on how best to manage these trainees. Educators should work to adapt surgical and procedural techniques to accommodate LH trainees.

Key Points
Serum Lactate Level as a Predictor for Blood Transfusion in Postpartum Hemorrhage
Authors: Agrawal Surbhi , Smith Maria , Berg Robert , Hoskins Iffath A.
Published: November 2021

Objective Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. At present, there are no reliable clinical or laboratory indicators to identify which patients might require blood transfusions during a PPH. Serum lactate has long been used as an early biomarker of tissue hypoperfusion in trauma settings. The aim of this study is to understand serum lactate's role in the management of obstetric hemorrhage.

Study Design A retrospective chart review was performed of women who delivered between 2016 and 2019 at our institution and experienced a PPH. The patients were divided into two groups: those with a normal serum lactate level, defined as ≤2 mmol/L, and those with an abnormal serum lactate level, defined as >2 mmol/L. Need for packed red blood cell transfusion, as part of the resuscitation, was assessed for both groups.

Results During the study period, 938 women experienced PPH. Of these, 108 (11.5%) had a normal serum lactate, ≤2 mmol/L, and 830 (88.5%) had an abnormal lactate, >2 mmol/L. Women with elevated lactate levels were more likely to receive a blood transfusion versus those with a normal lactate level (57.0 vs. 46.3%, p = 0.035, respectively). Additionally, the average number of blood transfusions administered was significantly higher in the abnormal lactate group versus in the normal lactate group (1.34 vs. 0.97, respectively, p = 0.004). In a multivariable linear regression model, increasing serum lactate levels were found to be predictive of requiring more than 1 unit of blood (p < 0.001).

Conclusion Women with elevated serum lactate levels were more likely to require blood transfusions during a PPH versus those with a normal serum lactate level. Thus, serum lactate levels are useful as an early indicator of requirement for blood transfusion in the management of obstetric hemorrhage.

Key Points
Hintergrundwissen: Vorhofflimmern kann erfolgreich behandelt werden
Authors: Sonnenberg Janine
Published: November 2021

Vorhofflimmern ist eine ernstzunehmende Erkrankung, die nach erfolgreicher Diagnose mithilfe von speziellen Herzrhythmusmedikament oder über eine Katheterablation therapiert werden.
The impact of specialization, ownership, competition and regulation on efficiency: a case study of Indian seaports
Authors: Adler Nicole , Hirte Georg , Kumar Shravana , Niemeier Hans-Martin
Published: November 2021

We develop a two-stage formulation to estimate seaport performance and to understand the drivers of efficiency, which could potentially include specialization, ownership, competition and tariff regulation. The first-stage non-parametric, slacks-based measure estimates the technical efficiency of each port. For the second-stage analysis, we develop a set of contextual variables including an absolute measure of specialization and a berth-level measure of ownership structure. To measure competition, we develop spatial measures that quantify the level of competition as a function of distance. We subsequently apply this formulation to major Indian seaports, covering a period of 21 years, from 1995 to 2015. The first-stage results suggest that average seaport efficiency has increased gradually over time. The second-stage fixed effects regressions show that specialization and external stakeholder participation have significant positive impacts on seaport performance. Perhaps surprisingly, we find that, in a tiered governance framework, competition between major seaports and local seaports has a significant negative impact on performance, potentially due to excessive infrastructure. Finally, changes in the regulatory mechanism over time are shown to be efficiency improving.