bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photonic contact thermometry using silicon ring resonators and tuneable laser-based spectroscopy
Authors: Eisermann René , Krenek Stephan , Winzer Georg , Rudtsch Steffen
Published: September 2021

Photonic sensors offer the possibility of purely optical measurement in contact thermometry. In this work, silicon-based ring resonators were used for this purpose. These can be manufactured with a high degree of reproducibility and uniformity due to the established semiconductor manufacturing process. For the precise characterisation of these photonic sensors, a measurement setup was developed which allows laser-based spectroscopy around 1550 nm and stable temperature control from 5 °C to 95 °C. This was characterised in detail and the resulting uncertainty influences of both the measuring set-up and the data processing were quantified. The determined temperature stability at 20 °C is better than 0.51 mK for the typical acquisition time of 10 s for a 100 nm spectrum. For a measurement of >24 h at 30 °C a standard deviation of 2.6 mK could be achieved. A hydrogen cyanide reference gas cell was used for traceable in-situ correction of the wavelength. The determined correction function has a typical uncertainty of 0.6 pm. The resonance peaks of the ring resonators showed a high optical quality of 157 000 in the average with a filter depth of up to 20 dB in the wavelength range from 1525 nm to 1565 nm. When comparing different methods for the determination of the central wavelength of the resonance peaks, an uncertainty of 0.3 pm could be identified. A temperature-dependent shift of the resonance peaks of approx. 72 pm/K was determined. This temperature sensitivity leads together with the analysed uncertainty contributions to a repeatability of better than 10 mK in the analysed temperature range from 10 °C to 90 °C.
Evaluation of carnitine levels in dried blood spot samples in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Aslan Ozgur , Kardaş Burcu , Özbek Mehmet Nuri , Ercan Bahadır
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disease with an average diagnosis age of over 3 years. Carnitine levels in ASD are important because they show potential mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal fatty acid metabolism. In this study, in ASD children carnitine levels in dried blood spot samples were evaluated and compared with the control group.

Methods

Twentythree children diagnosed with ASD in Research and Training Hospital (19 boys, 4 girls) and age and gender matched 24 children without ASD were enrolled in this study. 17 carnitines in dried blood samples were measured with LC-MS/MS.

Results

C0, C2, C4-OH, C5, C5-OH, C6, C16, C18 carnitines were lower (p value 0.037, 0.010, 0.005, 0.032, 0.005, 0.003, 0.043, 0.003, respectively) and C18:1 carnitine was higher (p<0.025) in ASD group compared with control group.

Conclusions

Comprehensive carnitine levels for ASD are important to establish a treatment protocol for the treatment of ASD behavior and severity. C18:1 carnitine, detected for the first time in the cases with ASD, is important for its high levels and for being a glycine transporter two inhibitor. In ASD cases, the molecular analysis might be suggested for enzymes involved in carnitine metabolism and for glycine transporter 2.
Acute Effects of Foam Rolling on Blood Flow Measured by Ultrasonography in Soccer Players
Authors: Alonso-Calvete Alejandra , Padrón-Cabo Alexis , Lorenzo-Martínez Miguel , Rey Ezequiel
Published: September 2021

Alonso-Calvete, A, Padrón-Cabo, A, Lorenzo-Martínez, M, and Rey, E. Acute Effects of Foam Rolling on Blood Flow Measured by Ultrasonography in Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3256–3259, 2021—In recent years, foam rolling (FR) has become a popular device for recovery to increase range of motion and decrease pain after sport practice and competition. However, there is little evidence about the underlying physiological effects of FR, specifically in blood flow parameters. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze acute effects of FR on blood flow parameters (maximal velocity and maximal volume) measured by Doppler ultrasonography in soccer players. Twelve soccer players were assessed in 3 different situations: pre-FR intervention, immediately after FR intervention, and 30 minutes after FR intervention. The femoral artery was measured in the dominant leg with subjects in horizontal lying position. Before the intervention, subjects completed one familiarization session with FR. The FR intervention consisted of 2 sets, each with 45 seconds of FR and 15 seconds of rest between sets with a high-density foam roller in quadriceps, hamstrings, and iliotibial band. Results showed a significant increase in both maximal velocity (p < 0.001; effect size [ES] = 0.81) and maximal volume (p = 0.001; ES = 1.73) after intervention in comparison with pretest, but after 30 minutes, there were no significant differences. Therefore, this increase of the blood flow could promote important advantages for postexercise recovery, suggesting an acute effect that may contribute to the understanding of local physiological mechanism of FR.
Application of V̇o 2 to the Critical Power Model to Derive the Critical V̇o 2
Authors: Succi Pasquale J. , Dinyer Taylor K. , Byrd M. Travis , Voskuil Caleb C. , Bergstrom Haley C.
Published: September 2021

Succi, PJ, Dinyer, TK, Byrd, MT, Voskuil, CC, and Bergstrom, HC. Application of V̇o
2 to the critical power model to derive the critical V̇o
2. J Strength Cond Res 36(12): 3374–3380, 2022—The purposes of this study were to (a) determine whether the critical power (CP) model could be applied to V̇o
2 to estimate the critical V̇o
2 (CV̇o
2) and (b) to compare the CV̇o
2 with the V̇o
2 at CP (V̇o
2CP), the ventilatory threshold (VT), respiratory compensation point (RCP), and the CV̇o
2 without the V̇o
2 slow component (CV̇o
2slow). Nine subjects performed a graded exercise test to exhaustion to determine V̇o
2peak, VT, and RCP. The subjects performed 4 randomized, constant power output work bouts to exhaustion. The time to exhaustion (TLim), the total work (WLim), and the total volume of oxygen consumed with (TV̇o
2) and without the slow component (TV̇o
2slow) were recorded during each trial. The linear regressions of the TV̇o
2 vs. TLim, TV̇o
2slow vs. TLim, and WLim vs. TLim relationship were performed to derive the CV̇o
2, CV̇o
2slow, and CP, respectively. A 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (p ≤ 0.05) with follow-up Sidak-Bonferroni corrected pairwise comparisons indicated that CV̇o
2 (42.49 ± 3.22 ml·kg−1·min−1) was greater than VT (30.80 ± 4.66 ml·kg−1·min−1; p < 0.001), RCP (36.74 ± 4.49 ml·kg−1·min−1; p = 0.001), V̇o
2CP (36.76 ± 4.31 ml·kg−1·min−1; p < 0.001), and CV̇o
2slow (38.26 ± 2.43 ml·kg−1·min−1; p < 0.001). However, CV̇o
2slow was not different than V̇o
2CP (p = 0.140) or RCP (p = 0.235). Thus, the CP model can be applied to V̇o
2 to derive the CV̇o
2 and theoretically is the highest metabolic steady state that can be maintained for an extended period without fatigue. Furthermore, the ability of the CV̇o
2 to quantify the metabolic cost of exercise and the inefficiency associated with the V̇o
2 slow component may provide a valuable tool for researchers and coaches to examine endurance exercise.
Easy-to-Do Assessment Tasks to Create Info-Posters & Infographics for Communicating Hot-Button Science Issues
Authors: dela Cruz Thomas Edison E. , Paguirigan Jaycee Augusto G. , Aril-dela Cruz Jeane V.
Published: September 2021

Creating info-posters or infographics on science themes, topics, or issues can be used to teach skills that develop students’ creativity and ability to communicate science to the public. The ability to transmit scientific data to a generalist audience or a certain target group is one of the soft skills that need to be cultivated among our students. This article presents simple assessment tasks to create info-posters or infographics.
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Local and systemic effects of glucocorticoids on metabolism: new lessons from animal models
Authors: Swarbrick Michael , Zhou Hong , Seibel Markus
Published: September 2021

Glucocorticoids regulate a remarkable variety of essential functions, including development, immunomodulation, maintenance of circadian rhythm and the response to stress. Glucocorticoids acutely increase energy availability; this is accomplished not only by mobilizing energy stores but also by diverting energy away from anabolic processes in tissues such as skeletal muscle and bone. While this metabolic shift is advantageous in the short term, prolonged glucocorticoid exposure frequently results in central obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, muscle wasting and osteoporosis. Understanding how glucocorticoids affect nutrient partitioning is, therefore, critical for preventing the side effects of glucocorticoid treatment. Independently of circulating glucocorticoids, intracellular glucocorticoid activity is regulated by the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases 1 and 2 (HSD11B1 and 2), which activate and inactivate glucocorticoids, respectively. Excessive HSD11B1 activity and amplification of local glucocorticoid activity in tissues such as adipose tissue and bone may contribute to visceral obesity, insulin resistance and ageing-related bone loss in humans. Several recent findings in animals have considerably expanded our understanding of how glucocorticoids exert their dysmetabolic effects. In mice, disrupting glucocorticoid signalling in either adipose tissue or bone produces marked effects on energy homeostasis. Glucocorticoids have also been shown to influence brown adipose tissue thermogenesis (acute activation, chronic suppression), in both rodents and humans. Lastly, recent studies in mice have demonstrated that many dysmetabolic effects of glucocorticoids are sexually dimorphic, although corresponding results in humans are lacking. Together, these studies have illuminated mechanisms by which glucocorticoids exert their metabolic effects and have guided us towards more targeted future treatments for metabolic diseases.
„Gap cases“ in der formellen Fusionskontrolle der FKVO?
Authors: Apel Katharina , Polley Romina
Published: September 2021

Der von der Kommission im März 2021 veröffentlichte Leitfaden zur Anwendung von Art. 22 FKVO ermutigt die nationalen Wettbewerbsbehörden dazu, auch Zusammenschlussvorhaben an die Kommission zu verweisen, die die nationalen Fusionskontrollschwellen nicht erreichen und ansonsten einer Fusionskontrolle in der EU entgehen. Im Mittelpunkt des Interesses der Kommission stehen dabei sog. Killer-Akquisitionen. Die neue Verweisungspraxis stellt einen der bedeutendsten Richtungswechsel in der formellen Fusionskontrolle seit dem Erlass der geänderten FKVO im Jahr 2004 dar und wurde im Verfahren Illumina/Grail schon vor Veröffentlichung des Leitfadens angewendet. Der vorliegende Beitrag diskutiert die Entstehungsgeschichte, Inhalt, Sinn und Zweck des Leitfadens und zeigt mögliche Risiken dieser gravierenden wettbewerbspolitischen Änderung auf. Es wird gezeigt, dass die von der Kommission unterstellte Regelungslücke nicht eindeutig empirisch belegt ist. Selbst wenn man eine Regelungslücke unterstellen würde, bleiben Zweifel an der Geeignetheit der neuen Kommissionspraxis, diese zu schließen. Auch einige nationale Wettbewerbsbehörden haben im Fall Illumina/Grail bereits Bedenken angemeldet, ob sie zur Verweisung unterhalb ihrer Schwellenwerte überhaupt befugt sind. Es ist fraglich, ob die neue Verweisungspraxis noch vom Sinn und Zweck des Art. 22 FKVO einer effizienten Fallverteilung gedeckt ist. Angesichts der systematischen Erfassung neuer Fallgruppen zielt der Leitfaden vielmehr auf die Schaffung zusätzlicher Kompetenzen der Kommission bei der Prüfung auch national nicht anmeldepflichtiger Zusammenschlussvorhaben, ohne die FKVO zu ändern. Der Beitrag erörtert die mit der neuen Verweisungspolitik verbundenen Konflikte mit den allgemeinen Prinzipien in der Kommissionmitteilung zur Verweisung von Fusionssachen und den ECA-Prinzipien, die erheblichen negativen Auswirkungen auf die materielle und prozedurale Rechtssicherheit und Rechtsschutzmöglichkeiten. Eine zeitnahe Überarbeitung des Leitfadens, in der Safe Harbors für bestimmte Fallgestaltungen und Industrien sowie in zeitlicher Hinsicht geschaffen werden, wäre wünschenswert. Vor diesem Hintergrund diskutiert der Beitrag abschließend alternative fusionskontrollrechtliche Ansätze, die jedoch alle eine Änderung der FKVO erfordern und damit die Herausforderung beinhalten, Einstimmigkeit im Rat zu erzielen.
Paradigmenwechsel im Kartellbußgeldverfahren?
Authors: Kallfaß Gunnar
Published: September 2021

Die Anfang des Jahres verabschiedete 10. GWB-Novelle bringt substantielle Änderungen für das Kartellbußgeldverfahren. Diese im Schatten der „Digitalthemen“ stehenden Teile der Reform dienen der Umsetzung der sogenannten ECN+-Richtlinie und bilden einen weiteren Schritt in der sukzessiven Europäisierung und damit einhergehenden Verselbständigung des Rechtsrahmens der Kartellverfolgung. Der deutsche Gesetzgeber ist allerdings vor dem großen Schritt eines Übergangs zu einem einheitlichen Kartellverwaltungsverfahren nach dem Vorbild der Europäischen Kommission zurückgeschreckt und hat sich stattdessen für Ergänzungen und Modifikationen des herkömmlichen Regimes für Bußgeldverfahren entschieden. Diese betreffen insbesondere die Ermittlungsbefugnisse und die Stellung der Behörde im gerichtlichen Verfahren. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die wesentlichen Neuerungen und geht vertieft auf einige der zentralen Rechtsfragen ein.
Private Enforcement im Beihilferecht
Authors: Kirchhoff Wolfgang
Published: September 2021

Während Private Enforcement im Kartellrecht seit Jahren zentrales Thema in Deutschland und Europa ist, findet das Private Enforcement im Beihilferecht kaum Beachtung. Der Beitrag will Interesse für dieses entwicklungsfähige Rechtsgebiet wecken, stellt die möglichen Fallkonstellationen vor und geht insbesondere auf Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von Parallelen zum Kartellschadensersatz ein. Besondere Schwierigkeiten wird die Schadensermittlung im Beihilferecht aufwerfen.
ANDROID-BASED LEARNING MEDIA DESIGN FOR INTRODUCTION TO SUNDA CULTURE FOR EARLY CHILDREN
Authors: Rahman Taopik , Aeni Silmi Qurota
Published: September 2021

This research aims to develop android-based learning media which aims to make children know Sundanese culture in a more effective, fun, and innovative way to introduce culture from an early age and can help the role of teachers or parents in educating and providing knowledge to children -children outside the school environment in a fun way. This research uses the Design Based Research (DBR) method for the Sunda Exploration Learning Media by carrying out four steps, namely the identification and problem analysis steps by researchers and practitioners collaboratively, developing a prototype solution based on theoretical benchmarks, existing design principles and technological innovations, conducting iterative process to test and improve practical solutions, reflections to produce design principles and improve implementation of practical solutions, Sundanese Exploration Learning Media can be used in learning with cultural themes. This media was developed based on the 2013 PAUD curriculum and adapted to the needs in the field regarding the fulfillment of Sundanese cultural learning. Based on the entire research process that has been carried out, the product designed by the researcher can be applied to early childhood education learning. In addition, the product can also be easily applied by teachers and parents, because this media is presented complete with a user guide ebook that describes the explanation and how to use it. Android-based learning media is the most effective media that can be one of early childhood learning in learning something. This learning media can be used by parents and schools, schools can use this application as additional learning and parents can use this application at home or anywhere.
HOW ACTIVE PLAY FACILITIES FOSTER PHYSICAL LITERACY ON 5-6 YEARS OLD CHILDREN? LESSON FROM JAMBI, INDONESIA
Authors: Librianty Herwina Dewi
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the availability of active playing facilities on the physical literacy of children aged 5-6 years who are currently undergoing education at ECE (Early Childhood Education) centers in three sub-districts of Jambi City, Jambi Province. This study uses a comparative quantitative approach with ex-post facto techniques. The samples were determined using a convenience sampling technique involving 100 children in five PAUD institutions. Data collection was carried out through direct observation with data analysis using the F test and Tukey test. The results showed that there were differences in the level of physical literacy between groups of children in institutions with the availability of complete active play facilities compared to groups of children in institutions with incomplete availability of active play facilities.
Opioid Use Disorder and Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: Piske Micah , Homayra Fahmida , Min Jeong E. , Zhou Haoxuan , Marchand Carolyn , Mead Annabel , Ng Jennifer , Woolner Megan , Nosyk Bohdan
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVES

Evidence on the perinatal health of mother-infant dyads affected by opioids is limited. Elevated risks of opioid-related harms for people with opioid use disorder (OUD) increase the urgency to identify protective factors for mothers and infants. Our objectives were to determine perinatal outcomes after an OUD diagnosis and associations between opioid agonist treatment and birth outcomes.

METHODS

We conducted a population-based retrospective study among all women with diagnosed OUD before delivery and within the puerperium period in British Columbia, Canada, between 2000 and 2019 from provincial health administrative data. Controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics, we determined associations of opioid agonist treatment on birth weight, gestational age, infant disorders related to gestational age and birth weight, and neonatal abstinence syndrome via logistic regression.

RESULTS

The population included 4574 women and 6720 live births. Incidence of perinatal OUD increased from 166 in 2000 to 513 in 2019. Compared with discontinuing opioid agonist treatment during pregnancy, continuous opioid agonist treatment reduced odds of preterm birth (adjusted odds ratio: 0.6; 95% confidence interval: 0.4–0.8) and low birth weight (adjusted odds ratio: 0.4; 95% confidence interval: 0.2–0.7). Treatment with buprenorphine-naloxone (compared with methadone) reduced odds of each outcome including neonatal abstinence syndrome (adjusted odds ratio: 0.6; 95% confidence interval: 0.4–0.9).

CONCLUSIONS

Perinatal OUD in British Columbia tripled in incidence over a 20-year period. Sustained opioid agonist treatment during pregnancy reduced the risk of adverse birth outcomes, highlighting the need for expanded services, including opioid agonist treatment to support mothers and infants.
СТРУКТУРА 1-ЕТОКСИ-3A,8A-ДИГІДРОКСИ-3-(1-НАФТІЛ)МЕТИЛ-1,3,3A,8A-ТЕТРАГІДРОІНДЕНО[1,2-D]ІМІДАЗОЛ-2,8-ДІОНУ
Authors: В. Штамбург Василь , В. Штамбург Віктор , А. Аніщенко Андрій , Б. Русанов Едуард , В. Кравченко Світлана
Published: September 2021

Мета. Синтез та встановлення будови 1-етокси-3a,8a-дигідрокси-3-(1-нафтіл)метил-1,3,3a,8a-тетрагідроіндено[1,2-d]імідазол-2,8-діону. Метод.  РСА аналіз отриманих структур. Результати. У молекулі 1-етокси-3aS,8aR-дигідрокси-3-(1-нафтіл)метил-1,3,3a,8a-тетрагідроіндено[1,2-d]імідазол-2,8-діону гідроксильні групи в положеннях 3a- и 8a- знаходяться в цисоїдній орієнтації . Спостерігається подовження зв’язків C(3a)–C(8a) и C(8)–C(8a).
La Sustentabilidad como Vía alterna al Desarrollo en Latinoamérica. Potencias y Debilidades. Comprensión desde el Pensamiento Ambiental Estético-Complejo
Authors: Villota Martínez Doris Adriana , Noguera de Echeverri Ana Patricia
Published: September 2021

El desarrollo y el desarrollo sustentable, son construcciones de dominio y explotación para solventar la economía que mantiene el consumo de los países denominados desarrollados o del primer mundo, por medio de la marginación de las poblaciones y de los ecosistemas necesarios para la vida en el planeta. En Latinoamérica muchos autores y comunidades de vida, reclaman otras economías y maneras-otras de habitar la tierra; sin embargo, la mayoría de las propuestas desplegadas para el logro de este propósito mantienen el término desarrollo, olvidando las intencionalidades discursivas de las multinacionales y de los discursos de poder que éste contiene, mimetizándose en los conceptos, limitando su comprensión. Con respecto al termino sustentable, expresa muchas potencialidades y posibilidades, no obstante, cuando emerge el desarrollo sustentable, evade cualquier intención de cambiar de rumbo, produce confusión, incluso es adaptado en el lenguaje cotidiano como sinónimo del desarrollo sostenible; cuando el término sostenible es diferente del término sustentable. Surge así la necesidad de buscar las palabras que no puedan ser condicionadas ni adaptadas a los principios del desarrollo tradicional moderno, para construir las nuevas emergencias desde Latinoamérica y desde el sur.
Hifomicetos acuáticos como bioindicadores de calidad ambiental en el rio Vigirima (Guacara, Carabobo-Venezuela)
Authors: Fernández-Da-Silva Rafael , Smits-Briedis Gunta
Published: September 2021

Los hifomicetos acuáticos son microorganismos fúngicos imperfectos principalmente de cuerpos de agua loticos, que degradan material vegetal en los mismos, y permiten el ciclaje de nutrientes. La estructura y la actividad de la comunidad de hifomicetos acuáticos son sensibles a los cambios de las condiciones ambientales, impulsados por las actividades humanas, como los aumentos en la concentración de nutrientes y coliformes. Por lo tanto, podrían usarse como bioindicadores que diagnostiquen perturbaciones antropogénicas. Semanalmente durante un año, se determinaron los hifomicetos acuáticos (riqueza de especies y concentración de conidios), coliformes (totales y fecales), nutrientes (NO2-2, NO3-3, PO4-3 y SO4-2) y parámetros físico-químicos (temperatura, pH, conductividad, O2), en dos zonas del rio: A) cabecera (sin afectación) y B) aguas abajo “con afectación”. Un total de 63 especies fueron identificadas. La riqueza de especies fue menor en el tramo que fluye a través de campos agrícolas “B” (38,7 especies exclusivas) que en el que fluye a través de vegetación nativa “A” (57,23 exclusivos). En la zona B, decreció la concentración de conidios en relación al aumento de coliformes. Las especies más sensibles al cambio ambiental fueron: Brachiosphaera tropicalis, Clavatospora stellata, Culicidospora gravida, Diplocladiella longibrachiata, F. crassa, y Tetraploa cf. aristata, mientras que las especies tolerantes fueron: Alatospora acuminata, Anguillospora longissima, C. antenatum, C. pellucidum, Camposporidium sp., Campylospora chaetocladia, C. filicladia, Clavatospora tentacula, Diplocladiella scalaroides, Flagellospora curvula, Helicomyces torquatus y Triscelophorus monosporus, incluyendo siete nuevos reportes para Venezuela: Acumispora biseptada, Acumispora phragmospora, Crucispora ponapensis, Heliscus lugdunensis, Hirudinaria macrospora, Mahabalella dimorpha y Spirosphaera floriforme.
Electrochemical Behavior of a Stainless Steel Superficially Modified with Nitrogen by Three-dimensional Ion Implantation
Authors: Sanabria-Martínez Felipe , Valbuena Niño Ely Dannier , Chacón Velasco Leidy Silvana , Estupiñán Duran Hugo Armando
Published: September 2021

Martensitic-grade stainless steels are widely used in diverse industrial and surgical applications, despite their natural tendency to suffer local and uniform corrosion when continuously exposed to aggressive operation conditions. In order to enhance their surface properties, this paper characterized the performance, in saline solutions, of AISI 420 stainless steel, which was surface-modified by three-dimensional ion implantation using electrochemical techniques. The surface of the samples was implanted with ionized nitrogen particles with an energy of 10 keV, varying the implantation time between 30 and 90 minutes. After the surface treatment, the samples were exposed to a NaCl 3% (w/w) aqueous solution for 21 days. Tafel extrapolation, linear polarization resistance, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests were performed, with the purpose of quantifying the effect of the ion implantation technique against electrochemical corrosion. To establish a comparison, the same tests were also performed on non-treated samples. The results indicated an increase in the corrosion potential, polarization resistance, and a decrease in the current density of implanted samples, thus demonstrating that, by delaying corrosive activity, traditional ion implantation offers better protection against electrochemical corrosion in AISI 420 stainless steel samples implanted with nitrogen.
Design of a direct current motor with a windingless rotor for electric vehicles
Authors: Ivliev Dmytro , Kosenkov Volodymyr , Vynakov Oleksandr , Savolova Elvira , Yarmolovych Viktoria
Published: September 2021

Modern electric vehicles typically exploit synchronous motors with magnetoelectric excitation as traction engines. While possessing a series of undeniable advantages, the synchronous motor has one significant drawback ‒ the high cost predetermined by the high price of permanent magnets. In addition, the impossibility to disable a magnetic field in case of engine malfunction can lead to an emergency on the road. Given this, there is a need to design new structures of electrical machines with electromagnetic excitation.
The structure of a DC traction motor with electromagnetic excitation involving the rotor or stator segmentation makes it possible to considerably weaken the field of the armature transverse reaction by decreasing magnetic conductivity of the magnetic circuit in the transverse direction. Therefore, such a structure lacks commutating poles and a compensation winding. There are no permanent magnets in the structure, all windings are stationary, an electronic switch is used instead of a collector, and a windingless low-inertia rotor does not require additional measures to remove heat. That all has made it possible to significantly reduce the cost of active materials for the traction engine and improve its reliability.
To test the performance of the new design, a full-size model of the engine and a working experimental prototype were fabricated. Applying a synchronous jet engine with magnetization for the BMW i3 electric car as an analog, the engine calculations were performed and its simulation was carried out. The results of the analysis show that the mass of the new engine is 35 % greater than the mass of the analog but the cost of active materials is less than that of the analog by 63 %. The results testify to the possibility of implementing a given structure industrially
Determining optimal process parameters for sprouting buckwheat as a base for a food seasoning of improved quality
Authors: Serikbaeva Ayana , Tnymbaeva Bagimkul , Mardar Maryna , Tkachenko Nataliіa , Ibraimova Saniya , Uazhanova Raushangul
Published: September 2021

In order to determine the influence of temperature and time of germination of the Bogatyr variety buckwheat on a change in the content of vitamins E, C, and B group, the germination parameters were optimized when developing a new type of seasoning. To optimize the germination parameters, the response surface methodology was used. The maximum total content of B, E, and C group vitamins in the sprouted buckwheat (4.591 mg/100 g) was observed at a temperature of 21.5 °C and the duration of germination of 3 days.
The Bogatyr variety buckwheat was sprouted for 4 days. Changes in the nutritional and biological value of the sprouted grains were registered after 24 hours. Based on the comparative chemical analysis, it was established that the content of protein, fiber, vitamins, amino acids increases during the germination of buckwheat in comparison with the control sample. The protein content on day 4 increases by 1.38 times compared to control. At the same time, the mass fraction of carbohydrates on day 4 is reduced by 1.57 times; the mass fraction of fat ‒ by 2 times.
It was established that the prototype seasoning that contains 30 % of sprouted buckwheat is characterized by a higher content of protein, vitamins, micro-and macronutrients compared to the control sample (without the addition of sprouted buckwheat). Adding the sprouted buckwheat grain to the seasoning has made it possible to increase by 25 % the antioxidant activity of the finished product compared to the control sample, which is 259.09 and 383.72 mg/100 g, respectively. In terms of safety indicators, the new product fully complies with the requirements for sanitary and hygienic safety.
The results reported here give reasons to recommend the production of a new type of seasonings of enhanced nutritional value based on the sprouted Bogatyr variety buckwheat, which could expand and improve the quality of nutrition
Studying the process of extracting sugary substances from the stalks of sweet sorghum in the technology of making food syrups
Authors: Husiatynska Nataliia , Hryhorenko Nataliia , Kalenyk Olha , Husiatynskyi Mykola , Teterina Svitlana
Published: September 2021

The need to intensify the process of extracting sugar substances from sweet sorghum stalks in order to improve the quality and yield of the target product has been substantiated. Existing techniques of sugar substance extraction used in sweet sorghum processing technologies have been analyzed. The application of a combined technique for extracting sugary substances has been proposed implying the production of pressed and diffusion juice.
The results of optimizing the press technique of juice extraction from sorghum stalks are given. The equations of material balance of products and sugars have been built, depending on such factors as the degree of pressing, the initial content of solids and sugars in the stalks. A procedure for calculating the yield of pressed juice, cake, and the content of total sugars has been devised, according to which the preliminary pressing of the stalks ensures the extraction of juice in the range of 25‒35 %, the yield of the pressed cake is 75‒65 % on average, with a sugar content exceeding 60 %.
It has been experimentally established that the use of the anti-current process of extraction of sugar substances from the pressed cake ensures their complete extraction from raw materials.
The rational parameters for this process have been defined. At a temperature of 66–70 °C and a duration of 20 minutes, it is possible to obtain an extract whose content of solids is 13.0 %, total sugars ‒ 11.10 %, and whose purity is 85.38 %.
The research was carried out in order to intensify the extraction of sugar substances from sweet sorghum plant raw materials, to improve the technical level of the extraction process, and implement the devised method under industrial conditions. Further implementation of these results in the food industry could make it possible to establish the production of a wide range of sugar-containing products, both organically and as a natural substitute for sugar in food products.
Forecasting the durability of public transport bus bodies depending on operating conditions
Authors: Ruban Dmytro , Kraynyk Lubomir , Ruban Hanna , Sosyk Andrii , Shcherbyna Andriy , Dudarenko Olga , Artyukh Alexander
Published: September 2021

This paper addresses the issue related to forecasting the durability indicators of public transport buses under operational conditions. It has been established that when buses are operated to transport passengers the bus bodies wear at different intensities. During operation, the strength of the body frame weakens under the influence of corrosion in combination with sites of fatigue destruction. As it was established, the intensity of corrosion of the bus body depends on the number of residents in the city where the bus is operated. The earlier established dependences were taken into consideration; the current study has identified two conditional variants of corrosion evolution based on the number of inhabitants: up to 1 million and exceeding 1 million. The expediency of repairs and their impact on the bus passive safety has been analyzed. It was found that the elements of the body frame, without external characteristic damage, no longer meet the specified conditions of strength as a result of sign-alternating loads and during long-term operation.
Determining the durability of the bus body was made possible through the construction of a mathematical model. The model’s adequacy was confirmed by road tests of the bus. The devised model describes the movement of the bus over a road surface with different micro profiles, with different corrosion penetration, different loading by passengers, and bus speeds.
It was established that the reason for the evolution of structural corrosion is the influence of salt mixtures preventing the icing of roads, as well as ignoring the washing of buses after such trips.
It is recommended to use new software for the in-depth study into this issue addressing the combination of various factors of destruction: cyclic loads at variable bus speeds and the corrosion progress. The study results could make it possible to predict a life cycle of the body frame under factors that correspond to actual operating conditions.
Development of a topology optimization method for the design of composite lattice ring structures
Authors: Hu Zheng , Vambol Oleksii , Sun Shiping , Zeng Qinglong
Published: September 2021

Composite lattice ring structures are known for their lightweight and high efficiency, which have a strong attraction in the aeronautical and aerospace industries. The general manufacturing process for such structures is to use wet filament winding technology. Due to the anisotropic properties of continuous fibers, the filament winding trajectory determines the mechanical properties of the composite lattice ring structures. In this work, a topology optimization method is proposed to generate the efficient filament winding trajectory, which follows the load transfer path of the composite part and can offer higher mechanical strengths. To satisfy the periodicity requirement of the structure, the design space is divided into a prescribed number of identical substructures during the topology optimization process. In order to verify the effectiveness and capability of the proposed approach, the topological design of ring structures with the different number of substructures, the ratio of outer to inner radius and the loading case is investigated. The results reflect that the optimal topology shape strongly depends on the substructure numbers, radius ratio and loading case. Moreover, the compliance of the optimized structures increases with the total number of substructures, while the structural efficiency of the optimized structures decreases with the radius ratio. Finally, taking the specified topological structure as the object, the conceptual design of a robotic filament winding system for manufacturing the composite lattice ring structure is presented. In particular, the forming tooling, integrated deposition system, winding trajectory and manufacturing process are carefully defined, which can provide valuable references for practical production in the future
Theoretical study into the aerodynamic imbalance of a propeller blade and the correcting masses to balance it
Authors: Filimonikhin Gennadiy , Filimonikhina Irina , Bilyk Yuliia , Krivoblotsky Larisa , Machok Yurii
Published: September 2021

This paper reports the theoretically investigated aerodynamic imbalance of the propeller blade, as well as correcting masses for balancing it.
It has been established that the aerodynamic forces acting on the propeller blade can be balanced by the adjustment of masses. This is also true for the case of compressed air (gas) provided that the blades are streamlined by laminar flow. That makes it possible to use rotor balancing methods to study the aerodynamic forces acting on the propeller blade.
The rotating blade mainly generates torque aerodynamic imbalance due to a lift force. A much smaller static component of the aerodynamic imbalance is formed by the drag force acting on the blade. The correcting mass located in the propeller plane balances both static and torque components of the aerodynamic imbalance in its correction plane. A second correcting mass (for example, on the electric motor shank) balances the torque component of aerodynamic imbalance in its correction plane.
The calculations are simplified under the assumption that the equilibrium of aerodynamic forces is perpendicular to the chord of the blade. For approximate calculations, one can use information about the approximate location of the pressure center.
The aerodynamic forces acting on the blade can be determined on the basis of the correcting masses that balance them. The accuracy in determining the aerodynamic forces could be improved by measuring a lift force.
The computational experiment has confirmed the theoretical results formulated above. The experiment further proves the possibility of applying the devised theory for propellers whose rotation speed changes with a change in the angles of blade installation.
The findings reported here could be used both for devising methods of propeller balancing and for constructing methods to study the aerodynamic forces acting on the blade.
Short-term forecast of fire in the premises based on modification of the Brown’s zero-order model
Authors: Pospelov Boris , Rybka Evgenіy , Krainiukov Olekcii , Yashchenko Oleksandr , Bezuhla Yuliia , Bielai Serhii , Kochanov Eduard , Hryshko Svitlana , Poltavski Eduard , Nepsha Oleksandr
Published: September 2021

This paper reports the rationale for the modification of Brown’s zero-order model, which ensures increased accuracy of the short-term fire forecast based on the use of the current measure of recurrence in the increments of the state of the air environment in the premises. A special feature of the proposed model modification is that the a priori model of the dynamics of the level of the time series of the measure of the current recurrence of increments in the air environment states determined by the dangerous factors of the fire has been modified. In this case, it is proposed that the new a priori model should take into consideration additionally the value of the current increments of the level of the studied time series. That makes it possible to negligibly reduce errors of the short-term forecast of fire in the premises without significantly complicating Brown’s zero-order model while retaining all its implementing advantages. The provided accuracy of the forecast for one step in advance on the basis of a time series of measures of the current recurrence of increments of the state of the air environment, determined from the experimental data during the ignition of alcohol and timber in a laboratory chamber, has been investigated. The considered quantitative indicators of forecast accuracy are the absolute and average errors exponentially smoothed with a parameter of 0.4. It has been established that for the proposed modification the value of the average absolute error does not exceed 0.02 %. That means that an error of the short-term forecast of a fire in the premises based on the proposed modification is an order of magnitude less than that in the case of using known Brown’s model at the smoothing parameter from an unclustered set. The results from the ignition of alcohol and timber in the laboratory chamber, in general, indicate significant advantages of using the proposed modification of Brown’s zero-order model for a short-term forecast of a fire in the premises.
Development of brain tumor segmentation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using U-Net deep learning
Authors: Jwaid Wasan M. , Al-Husseini Zainab Shaker Matar , Sabry Ahmad H.
Published: September 2021

Brain tumors are the growth of abnormal cells or a mass in a brain. Numerous kinds of brain tumors were discovered, which need accurate and early detection techniques. Currently, most diagnosis and detection methods rely on the decision of neuro-specialists and radiologists to evaluate brain images, which may be time-consuming and cause human errors. This paper proposes a robust U-Net deep learning Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model that can classify if the subject has a tumor or not based on Brain Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with acceptable accuracy for medical-grade application. The study built and trained the 3D U-Net CNN including encoding/decoding relationship architecture to perform the brain tumor segmentation because it requires fewer training images and provides more precise segmentation. The algorithm consists of three parts; the first part, the downsampling part, the bottleneck part, and the optimum part. The resultant semantic maps are inserted into the decoder fraction to obtain the full-resolution probability maps. The developed U-Net architecture has been applied on the MRI scan brain tumor segmentation dataset in MICCAI BraTS 2017. The results using Matlab-based toolbox indicate that the proposed architecture has been successfully evaluated and experienced for MRI datasets of brain tumor segmentation including 336 images as training data and 125 images for validation. This work demonstrated comparative performance and successful feasibility of implementing U-Net CNN architecture in an automated framework of brain tumor segmentations in Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MR Slices. The developed U-Net CNN model succeeded in performing the brain tumor segmentation task to classify the input brain images into a tumor or not based on the MRI dataset.
Determining the main regularities in the process of mineral fertilizer granule encapsulation in the fluidized bed apparatus
Authors: Ostroha Ruslan , Yukhymenko Mykola , Bocko Jozef , Artyukhov Artem , Krmela Jan
Published: September 2021

This paper has substantiated the expediency and prospects of obtaining organomineral fertilizers by encapsulating mineral granules with an organic suspension in fluidized bed apparatuses. An overview of existing approaches to the mathematical description of the kinetics of granule growth in granulation processes in fluidized bed apparatuses is presented. A mathematical model of the kinetics of the formation of a hard shell around granules in a fluidized bed has been built. It shows that the kinetics depend on the size of the retour particles, the specific flow rate of the suspension, the density of the suspension and granules, and the time of the process. Equations have been derived for determining the thickness of the hard shell and the specific flow rate of the suspension for individual granulation stages in a multi-stage granulator of the fluidized layer. Analytically, graphical dependences were built, which showed an increase in the thickness of the hard shell due to an increase in the specific flow rate of the suspension, the diameter of the retour particles, and the time of the encapsulation process. The equations make it possible to determine the rational regime and technological parameters of the encapsulation process in order to obtain a coating of the predefined thickness at the surface of the granules. This ensures that a quality product is obtained, with a granulometric composition in a narrower range of particle size. To obtain granules of 2.5–4 mm in size, it is necessary to carry out the process in three- or four-stage granulators of the fluidized bed at specific suspension consumption of (10–20)∙10-4 kg/(kg∙s.). It is shown that with uniform growing of granules with a constant increase in the thickness of the shell in multistage granulators, the suspension consumption decreases by 2‒3 times from the first stage to the subsequent ones. This approach reduces the operating and energy costs of the process.
Development of mathematical models of energy conversion processes in an induction motor supplied from an autonomous induction generator with parametric non-symmetry
Authors: Chenchevoi Volodymyr , Kuznetsov Valeriy , Kuznetsov Vitaliy , Chencheva Olga , Zachepa Iurii , Chornyi Oleksii , Kovzel Maksim , Kovalenko Viktor , Babyak Mykola , Levchenko Serhii
Published: September 2021

The paper presents studies of the system "induction generator-induction motor" with parametric asymmetry on a mathematical model to determine the quality of generated electricity in load operating modes. A mathematical model of the "induction generator-induction motor" system has been developed taking into account losses in steel and parametric asymmetry. The analysis of the transient characteristics of an induction generator when a motor load is connected in symmetrical and asymmetrical modes of operation is carried out. The results of changes in the main characteristics of an induction motor at various degrees of parametric asymmetry in the generator are presented. The quality of the generated electricity was analyzed based on the calculations of the unbalance coefficients for each of the operating modes. The assessment of the thermal state in steady-state conditions was carried out using an equivalent thermal equivalent circuit. Thermal transients were investigated when starting an induction motor from an autonomous energy source based on an induction generator. On a thermal mathematical model, the study of the effect of the output voltage asymmetry on the heating of the connected induction motor was carried out. It is shown that the asymmetry of the output voltage of an induction generator reaches 3–10 % and causes overheating of the windings in excess of the permissible values. A regression model has been developed for studying the operating conditions of an induction motor when powered by an induction generator with an asymmetry of the stator windings. The use of the obtained equations will make it possible to determine the most rational combination of factors affecting the heating of the stator windings of induction machines, in which they will not overheat above the maximum permissible temperature values of the corresponding insulation classes
Development of an algorithm for calculating stable solutions of the Saint-Venant equation using an upwind implicit difference scheme
Authors: Aloev Rakhmatillo , Berdyshev Abdumauvlen , Akbarova Aziza , Baishemirov Zharasbek
Published: September 2021

The problem of numerical determination of Lyapunov-stable (exponential stability) solutions of the Saint-Venant equations system has remained open until now. The authors of this paper previously proposed an implicit upwind difference splitting scheme, but its practical applicability was not indicated there. In this paper, the problem is solved successfully, namely, an algorithm for calculating Lyapunov-stable solutions of the Saint-Venant equations system is developed and implemented using an upwind implicit difference splitting scheme on the example of the Big Almaty Canal (hereinafter BAC). As a result of the proposed algorithm application, it was established that:
1) we were able to perform a computational calculation of the numerical determination problem of the water level and velocity on a part of the BAC (10,000 meters) located in the Almaty region;
2) the numerical values of the water level height and horizontal velocity are consistent with the actual measurements of the parameters of the water flow in the BAC;
3) the proposed computational algorithm is stable;
4) the numerical stationary solution of the system of Saint-Venant equations on the example of the BAC is Lyapunov-stable (exponentially stable);
5) the obtained results (according to the BAC) show the efficiency of the developed algorithm based on an implicit upwind difference scheme according to the calculated time.
Since we managed to increase the values of the difference grid time step up to 0.8 for calculating the numerical solution according to the proposed implicit scheme.