bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brain network analysis of benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes: With versus without interictal spikes
Authors: Hong Zhixing , Hu Dinghan , Zheng Runze , Jiang Tiejia , Gao Feng , Fang Jiajia , Cao Jiuwen
Published: November 2024

Brain networks provided powerful tools for the analysis and diagnosis of epilepsy. This paper performed a pairwise comparative analysis on the brain networks of Benign Childhood Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes (BECTS): spike group (spike), non‐spike group (non‐spike), and control group (control). In this study, fragments with and without interictal spikes in electroencephalograms of 13 BECTS children during non‐rapid eye movement sleep stage I (NREMI) were selected to construct dynamic brain function networks to explore the functional connectivity (FC). Graph theory and statistical analysis were exploited to investigate changes in FC across different brain regions in different frequency bands. From this study, we can draw the following conclusions: (1) Both spike and non‐spike have lower energy in each brain region on the γ band. (2) With the increase of the frequency band, the FC strength of spike, non‐spike and control groups are all weakened. (3) Spikes are correlated with brain network efficiency and the small‐world property. (4) Spikes increase the FC of temporal, parietal and occipital regions except in the γ band and the absence of spikes weakens the FC of the entire brain region.
Trajectory design and transmission optimization for data freshness in UAVs‐assisted WPCNs
Authors: Liu Xiaoying , Liu Huihui , Zhou Biao , Zheng Kechen
Published: November 2024

To address the issues of energy supply and data freshness in the wireless powered communication network (WPCN), the long‐term average age of information (AoI) in an unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)‐assisted WPCN is investigated, where UAVs, fully charged by hybrid access points (HAPs), fly to the hovering points of islands to charge sensor nodes (SNs) and receive data from them, and fly back to offload the received data to the HAPs. Subject to the battery capacity constraint of UAVs, the formulated AoI minimization problem is non‐convex due to discrete variables such as the selected hovering points and continuous variables such as the transmit power of SNs. With geographic locations of HAPs, the WPCN is divided into three areas, and propose an AoI‐based clustering algorithm to cluster islands for UAVs to traverse subject to the battery capacity constraint. As data freshness depends on the flight distance and hovering duration of the UAV, the flight distance and hovering duration‐based selecting hovering points (FHSHP) algorithm is proposed to define the candidate area, where the UAV chooses among candidate hovering points to minimize AoI. The FHSHP algorithm narrows the range of candidate hovering points to choose from, and achieves better tradeoff between the flight distance and the hovering duration of the UAV. Numerical results verify the superiority of the proposed FHSHP algorithm compared with comparison algorithms, and show the impacts of network parameters on the average AoI.
A literature review on the applications of artificial intelligence to European rail transport safety
Authors: Hadj‐Mabrouk Habib
Published: November 2024

In accordance with the current European railway regulations and particularly the two directives relating to the interoperability (Directive (EU) 2016/797) and safety (Directive (EU) 2016/798) of the railway system, this literature review proposes to classify artificial intelligence (AI) applications by distinguishing the structural elements (Infrastructure, Energy, Control‐Command‐Signalling and Rolling Stock) and the functional elements (Operation and Traffic Management, Maintenance and Telematics Applications) of the European railway system. Several “classic” AI techniques are implemented, including machine learning (supervised, semi‐supervised, unsupervised), deep learning such as artificial neural networks (ANN), natural language processing (NLP), case‐based reasoning (CBR), etc. However, the inadequacy of these approaches to capitalize, share and reuse the knowledge involved has oriented research towards the development of new approaches based on ontologies and knowledge graphs. This study shows that the stages of data acquisition, modeling, processing and interpretation pose a crucial problem in rail transport. In addition, with complex models described as “black boxes”, it is difficult to understand how the internal reasoning mechanisms of the AI system impact the solution and predictions. The new explainable AI (XAI) approach can possibly provide an element of response to this problem.
Target detection, ISAR imaging and tracking capabilities of a passive radar net utilising barrage jamming signals
Authors: Mularzuk Roman , Soszka Maciej , Szymański Piotr , Zych Mariusz , Bartoszewski Michał , Bączyk Marcin , Kulpa Krzysztof , Maślikowski Łukasz , Wielgo Maciej , Jarabo‐Amores Maria‐Pilar , Rey‐Maestre Nerea , Mata‐Moya David , Norheim‐Næss Idar
Published: November 2024

Jammers aim to interfere with active radars during military operations. Still, they can strengthen our capabilities on the battlefield if there are proper methods to use them. This paper demonstrates the possibility of utilising a ground‐based barrage jammer (to jam radars or communications) as an illumination source for passive radar detection, tracking and inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging. It shows the feasibility of using a jammer for cooperative (friendly jammer) and non‐cooperative (hostile jammer) operations. The results come from the European Defence Agency project no B 1516 IAP2 GP entitled jammer‐based passive radar. This article will present some of the outcomes of field trials conducted in June 2022 in Poland within the international electronic warfare exercises. Designed jammer demonstrators, with a maximum bandwidth of 115 MHz, were used as illuminators of opportunity and made it possible to test the operation of passive radars with five signal types (within two bands—L‐band and S‐band) for military targets (i.e. fighters, transport planes, helicopters). In the first part of the article, detection, ISAR imaging and tracking issues will be addressed. The second part of the article will focus on the results obtained during the project's joint field trials.
Activity of A Nanoparticles Preparation Containing Watermelon Peel Extract and Kepok Banana Peel on Ureum and Creatinine Levels in Urolitogenesis Mice
Authors: Hidayati Titiek , Mahanggoro TriPitara , Indrayanti Indrayanti , Habibah Khalisha Diaz , Lutfi Dzaka Ogan Amirudin , Syifa Amira Kumala , Tamimi Nia Thosimomia , Akrom Akrom , Tsai Prof Mei LIn
Published: November 2024

Kidney stones are one of the causes of chronic kidney failure that can cause long-term complications. Kepok banana peel and yellow watermelon peel are still rarely used as medicine. The high flavonoid and potassium content in kepok banana and yellow watermelon peel can function as a kidney stone remover and improve kidney function. The preparation started with the extraction of kepok banana peel and yellow watermelon peel. Then, the flavonoid and potassium contents of the extracts were tested. Nanoemulsions were prepared by homogenization method at 15,200 rpm. Finally, the prepared nanoemulsion formula was evaluated. Nanoemulsion of kepok banana peel and yellow watermelon extracts had a size of 246.9 nm and a PDI of 0.618 . The nanoemulsion also contained flavonoids and potassium with a pH value of 7 and a viscosity value of 2.70 cP. Nanoemulsion of kepok banana peel and yellow watermelon peel extracts can also reduce creatinine levels and there is no decrease in ureum levels in kidney stone model rats. The administration of nanoemulsion of kepok banana peel and yellow watermelon peel extracts did not significantly affect the decrease in ureum levels, but decreased creatinine levels in the nanoemulsion and nonnanoemulsion intervention groups. Keywords: nanoemulsion extracts, kepok banana peel, yellow watermelon peel, kidney stones, kidney function
Apoptosis and Antiproliferation of Tespong Herbs (Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC) Fraction Against MCF 7 Breast Cancer Cell
Authors: Agustina Putri , Haryoto  , Indrayudha Peni
Published: November 2024

Breast cancer is now commonly treated with chemotherapy. The main problem in breast cancer treatment is the emergence of resistance and low efficacy of drugs. With so many side effects, it encourages many researchers to look for alternative breast cancer treatments. One possibility is the use of plant-derived natural anticancer agents, namely Herba Tespong (Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC). Oenanthe javanica contains coumarins, flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides and polyphenols. The aim of this study was to examine the cytotoxicity, antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of a fraction active of the herb tespong (Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC) on MCF7 cells. The antiproliferation test method used is MTT by examining doubling time values and apoptosis using double staining method. From the results of the study, the IC50 value of the active fraction of tespong herb was 41,35 μg/mL and was categorized as moderately active. The results obtained show that the active isolate was able inhibit the proliferation of MCF7 cells at IC50 concentration of 41,35 μg/ml with a doubling time of 32,32 hours. Apoptosis assays showed cell death at an IC50 concentration of 41,35 µg/mL.
Energy saving measures of educational buildings and adoption of environmental behaviors and activities of the educational community
Authors: Petroliagki Margarita , Giannarou Sofia
Published: November 2024

The Greek state has set forth the goal of transforming educational buildings into “zero carbon footprint buildings” and school units into “sustainable schools”. This endeavour constituted the rationale for the present study, which aimed to enhance knowledge in the areas of energy conservation and environmental education for sustainable development. Using parametric and statistical analysis techniques, the study analyses the energy status of educational buildings in relation to radical renovations and participation in funding programs. Additionally, it estimates the percentage of energy and cost savings after energy interventions, while also evaluating the adoption of environmentally friendly behavior by educational communities. The results indicate that Greece has initiated the transition towards climate neutrality, but further reinforcement through policy and economic measures is necessary. The energy-saving potential in educational buildings and the pro-environmental behavior of educational communities are crucial factors for sustainable development and the transition to decarbonisation by 2050.
A methodological approach for vertical greening systems modeling optimization: A case study in Athens, Greece
Authors: Ampatzoglou Triantafyllos , Mosca Francesca , Pianta Marta , Roccotiello Enrica , Geropanta Vasiliki , Perini Katia
Published: November 2024

Vertical greening systems (VGS) are artificial niches enriching cityscapes with ecosystem services. To accurately define these services, studying various species’ performance within VGS due to differing plant variables, such as Leaf Area Index (LAI), is crucial. This study quantifies the performance of two north-oriented VGS scenarios for microclimate regulation using ENVI_met’s three-dimensional CFD model in Athens, Greece. The first scenario considers a Hedera helix L. monoculture with default plant variables. The second scenario replicates real-lif e temporal and spatial changes of three plant species by modifying ENVI_met database variables, accounting for site specificity. For a typical Mediterranean summer day, the study evaluates the scenarios’ impact on microclimatic conditions and outdoor thermal comfort, considering indices like mean radiant temperature (MRT) and universal thermal climate index (UTCI) at pedestrian level, through simulations and statistical analysis. Results show minimal impact of the second scenario on microclimatic conditions and outdoor thermal comfort compared to the default scenario. The research highlights key aspects of modeling optimization and emphasizes the necessity of thorough analysis of contextual specifics and climatic data for effective VGS incorporation and optimal microclimate performance.
Maximum temperature forecasting using deep learning algorithm by hyperparameter optimization
Authors: Matlani Princy , Shukla Bhawna
Published: November 2024

The prediction of the daily temperature, an important meteorological variable, has been a topic of interest among researchers currently. The adverse impact of climate change on the livelihood of human beings makes it a contentious issue, hence the importance of accurate temperature predictions. In this paper, a global temperature change prediction model that adopts deep learning (DL) algorithms was presented which preprocess the Extreme-Weather Temperature Prediction Time Series Data by removing outliers using the standard deviation and normalizing the data. Statistical feature techniques are used for the extraction of characteristics, and forecasting is conducted using the Deep Belief Network (DBN) classifier. The proposed Egret Swarm Optimisation (ESO) method was used in training the multilayer perceptron (MLP) layer of the DBN. The success of the forecast is evaluated using mean absolute error (MAE), squared coefficient of correlation (R2), and root mean square error (RMSE). The results prove that the proposed model is better than as it has the lowest MAE (0.827), RMSE (0.892), the highest correlation (0.988), and the lowest Mean Absolute Relative Error (MARE) (0.126), showing a good linear relationship between the predicted and observed values, and low relative error (MARE). This makes it a significant advancement in temperature prediction.
Video Engagement Effectiveness on Climate Change: An empirical investigation on university students
Authors: Saprikis Vaggelis , Shahbazi Zeinab , Christodoulou Vasiliki , Bächtold Manuel , Aharonson Vered , Nowaczyk Slawomir
Published: November 2024

Climate change is one of the most vital issues humanity should deal with. Several natural disaster phenomena are greatly based on climate change. Awareness-raising towards its severity is a key goal in every aspect of our daily life; including education. The scope of this empirical study is to analyze university students’ engagement perceptions after they watched a number of videos on this topic. Specifically, the study aims to reveal which videos are more effective based on students’ demographics and their engagement perceptions towards them. Furthermore, it aims to reveal their general perceptions towards the utilization of YouTube videos in the learning process. A specific video selection procedure was conducted and an anonymous e-questionnaire was developed. Through content-based analysis, the average ratings of respondents’ engagement perceptions towards 12 selected videos were calculated, providing a clear indication of the level of interest among students. These findings offer valuable insights to educators and content creators aiming to tailor their materials to diverse audiences and provide even more customized and effective video content on climate change. By identifying differences in engagement levels among different student demographics, the study provides actionable recommendations for improving the impact of online video content in climate change education.
Fostering environmental consciousness among university students
Authors: Mkhitaryan Irina , Sargsyan Lusine
Published: November 2024

During a time marked by environmental issues, it is crucial to educate and empower a generation of knowledgeable individuals. This abstract suggests an all-encompassing method for environmental education designed specifically for university students. The suggested framework prioritizes experiential learning, critical thinking, and community engagement by integrating insights from education, psychology, and sustainability studies. Through combining theoretical knowledge with practical experiences, students are enabled to act as catalysts for positive transformation within their academic institutions as well as in society at large. The current overview highlights main parts of the suggested structure, such as curriculum planning, teaching methods, and evaluation techniques. In addition, it draws attention to how these initiatives could affect students’ environmental attitudes, behaviors, and sense of agency. Ultimately, the summary calls for the inclusion of environmental education in university curricula to develop environmentally aware and socially conscious individuals.
A study on heat evolution of geopolymer made from hospital glass waste
Authors: Frangieh Carina , Saba Marianne , Hamami Ameur El Amine
Published: November 2024

The construction industry is responsible for significant environmental damage, which can be countered by adopting sustainable practices. This can be achieved using eco-friendly building materials and implementing waste management strategies. Geopolymer concrete is an example of a green building material that uses waste materials like silica fume, fly ash, and glass to reduce environmental impact. Geopolymer is an inorganic material made by mixing aluminosilicate precursor with an alkaline activator such as sodium silicate and potassium hydroxide solution. This work uses hospital waste glass to produce geopolymer mortars and assesses the calorimetric heat exchange released when the material is manufactured to determine its sustainability. This study used hospital glass waste to partially replace Metakaolin and a sodium silicate-based alkali activator in a geopolymer matrix. The mass substitution of Metakaolin with hospital glass waste varied between 0, 5, and 10 %. The mechanical properties were assessed by conducting a compressive test on day 90, followed by a calorimetric study that evaluated the heat change inside the geopolymerization reaction. The samples demonstrated great compressive strength results, reaching a value of 45 MPa for 10% mass substitution at day 90. The calorimetric analysis proved that the increase in strength was due to increased heat evolution inside the matrix, thus increasing the geopolymerization reaction. In conclusion, this work highlighted the importance of using hospital glass waste as a sustainable solution in the material construction sector as it provides new sites on the feasibility of using this recyclable hospital waste in producing eco-green material.
Towards dynamic digital product passport: The approach for food sector
Authors: Lekawska-Andrinopoulou Lucyna , Tsiakou Dimitra , Chatzioannou Konstantinos , Tsimiklis Georgios , Amditis Angelos
Published: November 2024

Digital Product Passport is a digital tool, that collects product related information across its lifecycle and value chain and allows accessing it by relevant actors. Although food has been currently excluded from the ongoing legislation efforts at EU level, there are many potential advantages related to digital product passports implementation in food sector: enhanced traceability resulting in increased confidence in terms of food safety, facilitated auditability, improved transparency along the supply chain, facilitation of informed decision making resulting in healthier and more environmentally friendly choices. Those are even of greater importance, when it comes to organic and geographic indication food assets, which are especially vulnerable to fraud and adulterations. The paper presents ongoing work on the conceptual development of dynamic Digital Product Passport for organic/geographic indication products, which is taking place in parallel with technical development within a mobile application. The main characteristics forming the basis of the implementation (dynamic updates, consultations with stakeholders, data content) are presented and analysed in the context of EU legislation and likely environmental and health benefits resulting from implementation of the tool for organic and geographic indication food assets. Challenges faced and approaches developed to overcome them are also discussed and next steps explained.
A proposal for the structural and technological framework of landscape observatories: A case study from Türkiye
Authors: Şahin Ş. , Doğan D.
Published: November 2024

In the current dynamic global landscape, human activities are increasingly posing threats and pressures on landscapes. In response to this pressing issue, different regions around the world exhibit varying levels of community awareness and institutional practices regarding landscape protection, planning, and management. Thus, there arises a critical need for a strategic tool termed as a ‘landscape observatory’ to facilitate continuous monitoring of landscapes across time and space, enabling rapid information exchange. This paper, which drew insights from the Landscape Observatories of leading European countries following the European Landscape Convention and European collaborative efforts, laid the groundwork for this study. The study involves examining advancements in landscape observatories across Europe and Türkiye and developing a structural and technological framework for an ideal observatory. It also explores the necessary CyberGIS infrastructure for integrating relevant digital data infrastructures. The proposed landscape observatory platform aims to facilitate governance through multi-stakeholder coordination, formulate recommendations for improved landscape protection, planning, and management within the framework of sustainable development, foster continuous public awareness, and manage data through a Landscape Information System (LIS) compatible with national spatial planning scales. The outcomes of this study are anticipated to contribute to the establishment of observatories operating at regional, sub-regional, and local scales, both globally and in Türkiye.
Non-equilibrium processes in a gas-discharge cell with plasma contacts
Authors: Khaydarov Zokirjon , Yuldashev Khurshid , Khaydarov Bunyodbek , Sultanov Shuxrat , Ergashov Qaxramon , Axmadjonov Mirzaolim
Published: November 2024

Non-equilibrium processes in a gas discharge cell with semiconductor electrodes made of semi-insulating gallium arsenide and sulfur-doped silicon have been studied experimentally. It is shown that plasma contacts to semiconductor electrodes have a positive effect on the stability of gas discharge luminescence under selected conditions. Chromium-compensated gallium arsenide with two plasma contacts stabilizes the image converter operation in a wide range of operating temperatures and wavelengths. It is experimentally confirmed that based on a gas discharge cell with an additional damping cell, a semiconductor photographic ionization chamber provides imaging of objects in the IR region from 0.38 μm to 10 μm and beyond.
The permissible concentration of abrasive particles in the machine oil
Authors: Madaminov S.M. , Irgashev B.A. , Boltoev A.Sh.
Published: November 2024

The wear rate of a gear wheel tooth is assessed taking the dust level and the size of abrasive fractions; the geometrical, kinematic, and dynamic parameters that are characteristic of toothed gears; and the mechanical properties of gear wheel materials into account. The article presents the results of research of the reglarity of change of the permissible concentration of abrasive fractions in the oil of machine units depending on the gearing module, gear ratio, tooth length and hardness of the materi al, wear rate of gear teeth of pinion gears working in conditions of high environmental pollution.
Climate crisis: Effects on youth mental health and cognitive functioning
Authors: Moyanov Iqlasbay , Tajetdinova Sofya , Kamalova Gulmaryam , Davronova Dildora
Published: November 2024

The climate crisis is increasingly recognized for its broad-ranging impacts, including potential effects on the mental health and cognitive functioning of young people. Current literature highlights growing concerns about how climate change contributes to stress, anxiety, and cognitive impairments among adolescents. This review aims to assess the psychological impact of climate change on youth, focusing on how climate-related stressors and environmental changes affect mental health and cognitive development. We conducted a review of existing research, synthesizing studies that examine the effects of climate-related disasters, prolonged environmental stress, and future sustainability concerns on the mental health and cognitive functioning of adolescents. The review finds that exposure to climate-related disasters and ongoing environmental stressors is associated with increased rates of stress and anxiety among youth. Additionally, these stressors have been linked to impairments in cognitive functions such as attention and memory. To address the mental health and cognitive impacts of the climate crisis on young people, there is a need for preventive measures including climate education in schools, enhanced psychological support services, and community resilience programs. An interdisciplinary approach is essential for mitigating these effects and supporting the well-being of future generations.
Ecological crisis manifestations and innovative scientific strategies for resolution
Authors: Ostonova Gulnoza
Published: November 2024

The environmental crisis is a pervasive global issue with regionspecific characteristics. In Uzbekistan, the ecological challenges are severe, including the desiccation of the Aral Sea, soil salinization, and pollution affecting air and land. These issues pose significant threats to the population and ecosystems. This study aims to analyze the manifestations of the ecological crisis in Uzbekistan and evaluate the government’s efforts to address environmental protection and the sustainable use of natural resources. The focus is on understanding how constitutional provisions and scientific strategies are being employed to combat these environmental problems. The research employs a combination of theoretical analysis and empirical data review. It examines legislative measures, including Articles 50 and 55 of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and evaluates innovative scientific approaches aimed at resolving environmental issues. The study reveals that while the government has initiated several measures to tackle environmental problems, challenges persist due to the scale and complexity of the issues. Innovative scientific strategies, including advanced monitoring techniques and sustainable resource management practices, are essential for effective resolution. The ecological crisis in Uzbekistan requires a multifaceted approach that integrates governmental policies with innovative scientific solutions. Emphasizing the constitutional commitment to environmental protection and the adoption of new technologies will be crucial in mitigating the adverse effects and ensuring sustainable development.
Principles of nature protection: Guidelines for effective environmental conservation
Authors: Isomova Farogat
Published: November 2024

Environmental protection and the rational use of natural resources are critical to ensuring sustainable development and preserving ecosystems. However, effective environmental management requires a clear understanding of foundational principles and legal frameworks. This study aims to explore the basic concepts and principles of environmental protection, emphasizing the importance of compliance with environmental standards and regulations. The objective is to provide guidelines for effective environmental conservation. The article employs a review methodology, analyzing existing literature and legal frameworks related to environmental protection. Key aspects of legal regulation and sustainable management practices are examined to identify best practices for nature conservation. The study highlights essential principles of environmental protection, including the need for stringent adherence to environmental laws and regulations. It also identifies effective strategies for managing natural resources sustainably. Adherence to environmental standards and regulations is crucial for the preservation of nature. The findings underscore the importance of integrating legal and practical approaches to achieve effective environmental conservation and sustainable resource use.
Integrating ecology and healthy living: Strategies for sustainable wellness
Authors: Axatova Durdona , Axatova Xilola
Published: November 2024

The growing awareness of environmental issues has highlighted the importance of integrating ecological principles into everyday living to promote overall well-being. This study aims to explore the relationship between environmental sustainability and healthy lifestyle practices. It seeks to identify and promote strategies that integrate ecological balance with personal wellness, ultimately advocating for a sustainable approach to health. The study involves a comprehensive review of existing literature on ecological health and wellness, focusing on case studies that demonstrate the successful integration of eco-friendly practices into daily living. The research also examines urban planning strategies that prioritize green space utilization and pollution reduction as means to enhance public health. Findings indicate that promoting eco-friendly habits, such as reducing waste, utilizing renewable energy sources, and increasing urban green spaces, can significantly improve air and water quality, thereby enhancing overall health and well-being. The study also identifies a direct correlation between the availability of green spaces and improved mental health outcomes. Integrating ecological principles into lifestyle choices is crucial for achieving sustainable wellness. This research underscores the need for policies that encourage sustainable living practices as a foundation for public health and quality of life improvements.
The calculation of reinforced concrete conical dome shells considering concrete creep
Authors: Berdiyev O.B. , Kurbanov Z.H. , Tilavov E. , Rasulova N. , Boboqulova Sh. , Jumanov I. , Ametov R. , O‘roqboyev O. , Parsaeva N. , Botirov B.
Published: November 2024

In the dome, under the action of a load that varies according to an arbitrary law, meridional, ring forces, bending moments, shearing, transverse forces and other internal forces arise, for the determination of which one must proceed from the general equations of the theory of thin-walled shells. If the dome is loaded with an asymmetric load, has a smooth surface without kinks, and the shell thickness is small, the design of the supports provides free radial and angular displacement. In such cases, internal bending, torsional moments, and transverse forces do not arise, allowing the calculation of the domes to be carried out according to the momentless theory. Since in real structures the shell is pinched in the support contour, support bending moments appear in it, and they decay rapidly. For dome covers with a very small diameter, when a horizontal cover encircling the dome around the entire perimeter is installed at the level of the support ring, it is advisable to transfer the thrust to this cover. In this case, the coating is designed taking into account the thrust and bending moments transmitted to it. This article presents the results of a study of the operation of effectively reinforced conical domes of shells with a prestressed support ring in a momentless state, taking into account the inelastic properties of the material, as well as the creep and shrinkage of concrete.
Properties of gypsum concrete obtained on the basis of waste asbocement
Authors: Mirzajanov Mamurjon , Mamatov Khamidulla , Makhmudjon Ergashev , Mirzaev Bakhodir , Otakulov Bakhromjon , Abduganiev Numanjon , Solijonov Hojiakbar
Published: November 2024

The article describes the results of studies of the influence of asbestos cement waste on the main operational characteristics of gypsum concrete. The optimal quantity and size of filler particles used in gypsum concrete have been determined. The resistance values of gypsum concrete to cold, heat and ultraviolet rays are given.
Mathematical optimization of the composition of foam concrete with lime waste
Authors: Mamatov Khamidullo , Abdullaev Ulugbek , Sultonov Humoyun , Kodirov Begzod , Abduganiev Numanjon , Turabyev Chyngyz , Jalaldinov Musa
Published: November 2024

Currently, when much attention is paid to environmental protection, the disposal of waste from the chemical industry is one of the main problems. Every year, enterprises pollute the environment with hundreds of thousands of tons of waste and have a negative impact on the environmental situation. The neutralization of man-made waste, the use of low-waste and non-waste technologies are urgent tasks.
Quantity of material in the drum dryer attachment
Authors: Akhunbaev Adil , Muhamadsadikov Kamaljan , Koraboev Eldorbek
Published: November 2024

This study proposes a mathematical description and experimental investigation of the effects of longitudinal mixing on the drying process of mineral fertilizers in a drum dryer. With the demand for drum dryers growing day by day, the need for efficient drying of granular materials, particularly mineral fertilizers, is of increasing importance. The focus of this research is on enhancing the drying process to effectively reduce moisture within the structural composition of granular fertilizers. Nozzle design and placement within the drum dryer play a critical role in intensifying the drying process by optimizing heat distribution and mixing. In this study, various nozzle configurations were analyzed, and specific recommendations were made to optimize nozzle types for improved performance in drum dryers, ultimately contributing to more effective moisture reduction and drying efficiency.
Trends in employment of graduates of ecology education in higher education
Authors: Adizov Bakhtiyor , Tokhirov Javlon , Hamidov Saidjon
Published: November 2024

The changes taking place in the socio-economic policy of the countries of the world lead to serious changes in the higher education system at the global level. The experience of countries such as Japan, Finland, South Korea, Germany, the USA, the PRC, and the United Kingdom, which have a higher education system with high potential, shows that the level of economic growth of these countries is steadily growing under the influence of the quality and competitiveness of trained specialists. shows. The article contains the opinions, conclusions and suggestions of the authors on the topic.
Medical and Interventional Management of Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Authors: Lynch Jeffrey M. , Stevens Elizabeth , Meek Mary E.
Published: November 2024

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant disorder of the blood vessels that leads to the formation of telangiectasias and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). HHT affects ∼1/5,000 people, but this varies significantly by geography and ancestry. The Curaçao criteria for HHT consist of four diagnostic criteria: spontaneous epistaxis, first-degree relative with HHT, AVMs in characteristic location (liver, lung, brain), and telangiectasias. Sequelae and major symptomology include recurrent epistaxis, dyspnea, heart failure, and stroke from paradoxical emboli among others. HHT patients are best cared for by a multidisciplinary team, ideally all with HHT-specific experience, but in this review, we will discuss the major aspects of the disease including etiology, diagnosis, and treatment recommendations.
Bubble fragmentation in turbulent flow and the potential implications of shear structures for bubbles formed by breaking waves
Authors: Drähne Ulrike , Ducci Andrea , Czerski Helen
Published: November 2024

Large bubbles (1–5 mm radius) are important in a wide range of situations, including air-sea gas transfer, aerosol production as they burst at water surfaces, and the aeration of liquids in bioreactors and other industrial processes. When rising through turbulent flow, these bubbles are commonly distorted and may fragment to form daughter bubbles if their radius exceeds the Hinze scale (at which the restoring force due to surface tension is equal to the forces causing bubble distortion). Here, we present the results of laboratory experiments with fragmentation resulting from bubbles rising through a sheared and turbulent flow. The effects of water temperature, surface tension, local shear rate, and viscous dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy were assessed. Passive acoustical methods produce robust measurements of bubble fragmentation processes, allowing for rapid data collection to generate large data sets. In our experiments, even for bubbles very close to the Hinze scale, the dominant fragmentation mechanism is the capillary-driven fragmentation of elongated bubble filaments. The probability distribution of daughter bubble sizes from a single fragmentation event was independent of temperature, surface tension, and rate of viscous dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy. The overwhelming majority of fragmentation events resulted in one very large and one very small bubble, even for Hinze-scale parent bubbles and low Weber numbers (We < 5.3). Our results suggest that in a turbulent flow, there may be a link between the shear induced by large scale structures and the size of the smallest bubbles produced underneath a breaking wave.
Engineering oxygen vacancy-induced interface trap memristive effect in selenium-implanted gallium oxide
Authors: Liao Yimin , Xie Zhigao , Song Hanzhao , Xue Jierui , Tan Chee-Keong
Published: November 2024

In recent years, memristors have garnered significant attention, particularly those based on the oxygen vacancy-driven filamentary conduction mechanism. However, studies utilizing single-crystal materials for memristors remain scarce. This study investigates memristive effect of Se-implanted β-Ga2O3 single-crystal material, fabricated through ion implantation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and depth profiling revealed that Se doping significantly increased the concentration of oxygen vacancies, crucial for resistive switching (RS). Electrical testing demonstrated stable and repeatable resistive switching behavior, attributed to the filamentary conduction mechanism driven by oxygen vacancies. These findings highlight the potential of ion implantation for tuning the surface properties of Ga2O3-based memristors, advancing their application in next-generation electronic devices.
Direct numerical simulation of sodium in vertical channel flow: From forced convection to natural convection at friction Reynolds number 180
Authors: Zhou Lei , Zhang Dalin , Liu Yapeng , Liang Yu , Wang Bo , Tian Wenxi , Qiu Suizheng , Su Guanghui
Published: November 2024

The buoyancy-aided sodium flow in a vertical channel is investigated using direct numerical simulation (DNS) to study turbulent flow and heat transfer at six different Richardson numbers (Ri = 0, Ri = 0.025, Ri = 0.25, Ri = 2.5, Ri = 7.5, and Ri = 15) with a fixed friction Reynolds number (Reτ = 180). The results reveal that the velocity profile shows an “M” shape under buoyancy effect and reverses at the center under strong buoyancy. Additionally, the temperature profile exhibits a thicker boundary layer compared to the velocity profile. Global coefficients, such as the skin friction coefficient and the Nusselt number, are analyzed using Fukagata, Iwamoto, and Kasai (FIK) decomposition to elucidate their respective contributions. Furthermore, anisotropy analysis indicates that buoyancy makes the turbulence more isotropic, and the buoyancy also makes the turbulent Prandtl number (Prt) unpredictable; however, a comparison among the molecular heat flux, the definition of turbulent heat flux, and the calculation of the standard gradient diffusion hypothesis (SGDH) model suggests that the turbulent heat flux can be neglected without significant influence in this study. Finally, the turbulent structures in the viscous layer are presented, and the quadrant analysis is performed to quantitatively analyze the influence of buoyancy on the turbulent structure.
Experimental realization of metastable target skyrmion states in continuous films
Authors: Jefremovas Elizabeth M. , Kent Noah , Marqués-Marchán Jorge , Fischer Miriam G. , Asenjo Agustina , Kläui Mathias
Published: November 2024

Target skyrmions (TSks) are topological spin textures where the out-of-plane component of the magnetization twists an integer number of k-π rotations. Based on a magnetic multilayer stack in the form of n × [CoFeB/MgO/Ta], engineered to host topological spin textures via dipole and DMI energies, we have stabilized 1 π, 2 π, and 3 π target skyrmions by tuning material properties and thermal-excitations close to room temperature. The nucleated textures, imaged via Kerr and Magnetic Force Microscopies, are stable at zero magnetic field and robust within a range of temperatures (tens of Kelvin) close to room temperature (RT = 292 K) and over long time scales (months). Under applied field (mT), the TSks collapse into the central skyrmion core, which resists against higher magnetic fields (≈ 2 × TSk annihilation field), as the core is topologically protected. Micromagnetic simulations support our experimental findings, showing no TSk nucleation at 0 K, but a ≈ 30 % probability at 300 K for the experimental sample parameters. Our work provides a simple method to tailor spin textures in continuous films, enabling free movement in 2D space and creating a platform transferable to technological applications where the dynamics of the topological textures can be exploited beyond geometrical confinements.
Assessment of high-order interpolation-based weighted essentially non-oscillatory schemes for compressible Taylor–Green vortex flows
Authors: Wang Zhenming , Zhu Jun , Tian Linlin , Zhao Ning
Published: November 2024

The coexistence and interaction of shock waves and turbulence occur in various applications, such as inertial confinement fusion, scramjet propulsion, and supernova explosions. The supersonic Taylor–Green vortex (TGV) flow is a benchmark example for studying shock/turbulence interaction problems. In this paper, the performance of the interpolation-based weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) schemes for compressible TGV simulation was evaluated, rather than the existing reconstruction-based approach. First, based on the popular unequal-sized WENO (US-WENO) scheme, we developed an interpolation-based US-WENO scheme for simulating three-dimensional inviscid/viscous TGV problems over the Mach number range of 0.1–2.5. Second, a discontinuous sensor based on extremum properties (EPs) of the polynomial was designed, and a corresponding hybrid interpolation-based US-WENO scheme was developed. This EP-based sensor does not contain empirical parameters and can simulate the supersonic TGV problems well while significantly improving the computational efficiency of the original US-WENO scheme. Numerical experiments show that the interpolation-based WENO scheme has smaller numerical dissipation and better performance for compressible TGV problems than the reconstruction-based WENO scheme. However, its computational cost is slightly higher, while the hybrid US-WENO scheme can perform better in terms of both computational accuracy and efficiency.
Droplet dynamics and spray mechanism of air-assisted intermittent atomization under different injection timings
Authors: Hui Yue , Wu Hao , Zhang Zhenyu
Published: November 2024

The droplet dynamics and spray mechanism of air-assisted intermittent atomization were experimentally investigated, with a particular focus on the effect of injection timing (duration of fuel injection ranged from 1 to 10 ms, and the interval between fuel injection and air injection varied from −0.5 to 2 ms) on jet atomization. Droplet velocities, sizes, and arrival times at a selected location were obtained by applying a phase Doppler particle analyzer (PDPA) with the combination of high-speed photography for spray visualization. The results indicate that droplet dynamics and velocity distribution are substantially influenced by fuel injection duration. Specifically, two peaks in the droplet velocity distribution are identified when the fuel injection duration exceeded 6 ms. Reconstruction of the gas-phase velocity using tracer particles reveals that the gas-phase velocity and stability are similarly affected by the fuel injection duration, and the gas flow tends to be stable for fuel injection durations longer than 6 ms. Droplets in the two velocity peaks exhibit different dynamic characteristics. The phenomenon of two peaks in droplet velocity is attributed to fuel accumulation inside the air-assisted atomizer, with the analysis given in terms of spray concentration and fuel state in the atomizer. Fuel accumulation and twin-peak droplet velocity caused by extended fuel–air injection intervals are predicted and validated.
Self-assembly of Pluronics: A critical review and relevant applications
Authors: Di Spirito Nicola Antonio , Grizzuti Nino , Pasquino Rossana
Published: November 2024

Pluronics, alias poloxamers, are synthetic amphiphilic copolymers owning a triblock structure with a central hydrophobic poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) segment linked to two lateral hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) chains. Commercially, Pluronics exist in numerous types according to the length of PPO and PEO chains, exhibiting different behavior and phase diagrams in solution. Concentrated aqueous solutions of Pluronics form thermoreversible gel-like systems. Properties, such as versatility, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, thermosensitivity and self-assembling behavior, make them extremely attractive for numerous applications. This review paper provides an overview on Pluronics, with a focus on their properties and phase behaviors, and on the effect of the presence of salts and additives. Different strategies to endow Pluronics with improved and extra properties, such as their chemical modification and mixed micelles, are briefly illustrated. Furthermore, a synopsis of useful experimental methodologies for understanding the flow properties of Pluronic-based systems is presented, providing a practical guide to their experimental characterization. Eventually, significant advances of Pluronic-based materials are briefly reviewed to elucidate their role in diverse applications, ranging from drug delivery and tissue engineering to bioprinting, cell cultures, personal care industry, conductive hydrogels, and electrocatalytic science. The current article is a critical review of Pluronic block copolymers, not intended as just inert materials but also as systems with functional properties able to revolutionize the paradigm of many technological fields.