bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Change‐point Detection in Phase I for Profiles with Binary Data and Random Predictors
Authors: Shang Yanfen , Man Jianing , He Zhen , Ren Haojie
Published: February 2016

In some applications, the quality of a process must be characterized by a profile, which describes the relationship between the response variable and explanatory variables. Moreover, for some processes, especially service processes, categorical response variables are common, making statistical process control techniques for profiles with categorical response data a must. We study Phase I analysis of profiles with binary data and random explanatory variables to identify the presence of change‐points in the reference profile dataset. The change‐point detection method based on logistic regression models is proposed. The method exploits directional shift information and integrates change‐point algorithm with the generalized likelihood ratio. A diagnostic scheme for identifying the change‐point location and the shift direction is also suggested. Numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the detection effectiveness and the diagnostic accuracy. A real example is used to illustrate the implementation of the proposed method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An online method for the analysis of volatile organic compounds in electronic cigarette aerosol based on proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry
Authors: Breiev Kostiantyn , Burseg Kerstin M. M. , O'Connell Grant , Hartungen Eugen , Biel Stefan S. , Cahours Xavier , Colard Stéphane , Märk Tilmann D. , Sulzer Philipp
Published: February 2016

Rationale

Due to the recent rapid increase in electronic cigarette (e‐cigarette) use worldwide, there is a strong scientific but also practical interest in analyzing e‐cigarette aerosols. Most studies to date have used standardized but time‐consuming offline technologies. Here a proof‐of‐concept for a fast online quantification setup based on proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR‐MS) is presented.

Methods

The combination of a novel sampling interface with a time‐of‐flight PTR‐MS instrument specially designed for three scenarios is introduced: (i) mainstream aerosol analysis (aerosol that the user inhales prior to exhalation), and analysis of exhaled breath following (ii) mouth‐hold (no inhalation) and (iii) inhalation of e‐cigarette aerosols. A double‐stage dilution setup allows the various concentration ranges in these scenarios to be accessed.

Results

First, the instrument is calibrated for the three principal constituents of the e‐cigarettes' liquids, namely propylene glycol, vegetable glycerol and nicotine. With the double‐stage dilution the instrument's dynamic range was easily adapted to cover the concentration ranges obtained in the three scenarios: 20–1100 ppmv for the mainstream aerosol characterisation; 4–300 ppmv for the mouth‐hold; and 2 ppbv to 20 ppmv for the inhalation experiment.

Conclusions

It is demonstrated that the novel setup enables fast, high time resolution e‐cigarette studies with online quantification. This enables the analysis and understanding of any puff‐by‐puff variations in e‐cigarette aerosols. Large‐scale studies involving a high number of volunteers will benefit from considerably higher sample throughput and shorter data processing times. © 2016 The Authors. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Differentiation of cyclic tertiary amine cathinone derivatives by product ion electron ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Abiedalla Younis , Abdel‐Hay Karim , DeRuiter Jack , Randall Clark C.
Published: February 2016

Rationale

A number of synthetic cathinones (aminoketones, 'bath salts') are tertiary amines containing a cyclic amino group, most commonly pyrrolidine. These totally synthetic compounds can be prepared in a number of regioisomeric designer modifications and many of these can yield isomeric major fragment ions in electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI‐MS).

Methods

A series of regioisomeric cyclic tertiary amines were prepared and evaluated in EI‐MS and MS/MS product ion experiments. The cyclic amines azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine and azepane were incorporated into a series of aminoketones related to the cathinone derivative drug of abuse known as MDPV. Deuterium labeling in both the cyclic amine and alkyl side chain allowed for the confirmation of the structure for the major product ions formed from the EI‐MS iminium cation base peaks.

Results

These iminium cation base peaks show characteristic product ion spectra which allow differentiation of the ring and side‐chain portions of the structure. The small alkyl side chains favor ring fragmentation in the formation of the major product ions. The higher side‐chain homologues appear to promote product ion formation by side‐chain fragmentation. Both side‐chain and ring fragmentation yield a mixture of product ions in the piperidine and azepane series.

Conclusions

Product ion fragmentation provides useful data for differentiation of cyclic tertiary amine iminium cations from cathinone derivative drugs of abuse. Regioisomeric iminium cations of equal mass yield characteristic product ions for the alkyl side‐chain homologues of azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine and azepane cyclic amines. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polyalanine – a practical polypeptide mass calibration standard for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry in positive and negative mode
Authors: Gruendling Till , Sauerland Volker , Barahona César , Herz Corinna , Nitsch Ute
Published: February 2016

Rationale

Mass calibration in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) is currently obtained using mixtures of individual peptides. This procedure has several drawbacks, including laborious preparation, limited shelf life and unequal calibration mass spacing. Polyalanine, a simple to prepare polydisperse molar mass standard, alleviates these problems.

Methods

Polyalanine is prepared by the typical protocols for biological sample analytics.

Results

Polyalanine is the first polymeric standard providing abundant signals in both, positive and negative polarity mode with the typical matrices DHB and HCCA.

Conclusions

Facile MS as well as MS/MS calibration is thus enabled for the first time in both polarity modes by employing this polydisperse standard. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Models of learning space: integrating research on space, place and learning in higher education
Authors: Ellis R. A. , Goodyear P.
Published: February 2016

Learning space research is a relatively new field of study that seeks to inform the design, evaluation and management of learning spaces. This paper reviews a dispersed and fragmented literature relevant to understanding connections between university learning spaces and student learning activities. From this review, the paper distils a number of core concerns and identifies some gaps in the literature. One of its primary goals is to clear the ground for the construction of models of learning space that can be used by the various parties involved in the design and evaluation of new learning spaces: teachers, architects, interior designers, IT managers, educational leaders and students. A closely related goal is to help those participating in learning space research locate and understand each other's contributions. Fragmentation in research related to learning and physical spaces makes progress in the field slow. Our review makes two passes over the field: drawing together research from architecture, the learning sciences, environmental psychology, human computer interaction and elsewhere to identify research foci and gaps, and then also capturing some work by learning space researchers that directly attempts to model the main relationships in the field. The paper ends with a summary of implications for research and practice.
Age‐0 Shovelnose Sturgeon Prey Consumption in the Lower Missouri River
Authors: Gosch N. J. C. , Miller M. L. , Gemeinhardt T. R. , Starks T. A. , Civiello A. P. , Long J. M. , Bonneau J. L.
Published: February 2016

A lack of nutritious food during the first year of life is a hypothesized factor that may limit survival of endangered pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus in the lower Missouri River (LMOR). Unfortunately, information for age‐0 pallid sturgeon diets remains limited, but diet analyses for age‐0 Scaphirhynchus spp. (sturgeon hereafter) have occurred. Little information, however, exists on age‐0 sturgeon diets in the LMOR; thus, our primary objective was to document age‐0 sturgeon diets in this system. We examined guts contents from 30 individuals, which were genetically identified as shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus, and three stomachs were empty. The remaining age‐0 shovelnose sturgeon consumed chironomid larvae almost exclusively (>98% of prey items consumed). Our results were similar to studies conducted in other systems, and it appears unlikely that a lack of nutritious food was a major factor affecting the individuals captured during this study. This effort provides important information to help guide ongoing adaptive management efforts in the LMOR. © 2016 The Authors. River Research and Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Two tales of variable selection for high dimensional regression: Screening and model building
Authors: Liu Cong , Shi Tao , Lee Yoonkyung
Published: February 2016

Variable selection plays an important role in high‐dimensional regression problems where a large number of variables are given as potential predictors of a response of interest. Typically, it arises at two stages of statistical modeling, namely screening and formal model building, with different goals. Screening aims at filtering outirrelevant variablesprior to model building where a formal description of a functional relation between the variables screened for relevance and the response is sought. Accordingly, proper comparison of variable selection methods calls for evaluation criteria that reflect the differential goals: accuracy in ranking order of variables for screening and prediction accuracy for formal modeling.

Without delineating the difference in the two aspects, confounding comparisons of various screening and selection methods have often been made in the literature, which may lead to misleading conclusions. In this paper, we present comprehensive numerical studies for comparison of four commonly used screening and selection procedures: correlation screening (also known as sure independence screening), forward selection,LASSOandSCAD. By clearly differentiating screening and model building, we highlight the situations where the performance of these procedures might differ. In addition, we propose a new method for cross‐validation forLASSO. Furthermore, we discuss connections to relevant comparison studies that appeared in the recent literature to clarify different findings and conclusions.
FS3: A sampling based method for top‐k frequent subgraph mining
Authors: Saha Tanay Kumar , Al Hasan Mohammad
Published: February 2016

Mining labeled subgraph is a popular research task in data mining because of its potential application in many different scientific domains. All the existing methods for this task explicitly or implicitly solve the subgraph isomorphism task, which is computationally expensive, and thus they suffer from the lack of scalability problem when the graphs in the input database are large. In this work, we propose FS3, which is a sampling‐based method. It mines a small collection of subgraphs that are most frequent in the probabilistic sense. FS3 performs a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling over the space of a fixed‐size subgraphs such that the potentially frequent subgraphs are sampled more often. Besides, FS3 is equipped with an innovative queue manager. It stores the sampled subgraph in a finite queue over the course of mining in such a manner that the top‐k positions in the queue contain the most frequent subgraphs. Our experiments on the database of large graphs show that FS3 is efficient and obtains subgraphs that are the most frequent among the subgraphs of a given size.
Statistical analysis for nuclear forensics experiments
Authors: Anderson‐Cook Christine M. , Burr Tom , Hamada M. S. , Thomas Edward V.
Published: February 2016

As with any type of forensics, nuclear forensics seeks to infer historical information using models and data. This article connects nuclear forensics and calibration. We present statistical analyses of a calibration experiment that connect several responses to the associated set of input values and then ‘make a measurement’ using the calibration model. Previous and upcoming real experiments involving production of PuO2powder motivate this article. Both frequentist and Bayesian approaches are considered, and we report findings from a simulation study that compares different analysis methods for different underlying responses between inputs and responses, different numbers of responses, different amounts of natural variability, and replicated or non‐replicated calibration experiments and new measurements.
Visualizing discrepancies from nonlinear models and computer experiments
Authors: Weaver Brian P. , Warr Richard L. , Anderson‐Cook Christine M. , Higdon David M.
Published: February 2016

Plutonium‐238 is an important specialized power source that radiates heat, which can be converted into electricity. This case study models the thermal output of samples of Pu‐238, in which the underlying theoretical model of its decay summarizes a large portion of the observed behavior. A discrepancy function is used to account for missing structure seen in the observed data, but is not included in the physical model. The model combines the assumed physics model, discrepancy and experimental error with an expression of the form, f(x,θ) + δ(x) + ɛ. The combined model improves prediction of new observations in the future by accounting for shortcomings or omissions in the physical model and provides quantitative summaries of the relative contributions of the discrepancy and physics model. In this work, we illustrate how to visualize the discrepancy function when it is modeled using a Gaussian process. With the visualization, scientists can gain understanding about the differences between the observed data and the current scientific model and develop proposals of how to potentially improve their model. A secondary example illustrates how the visualization methods can help with understanding in higher dimensions.
Trajectory analysis via a geometric feature space approach
Authors: Rintoul Mark D. , Wilson Andrew T.
Published: February 2016

This study aimed to organize a body of trajectories in order to identify, search for and classify both common and uncommon behaviors among objects such as aircraft and ships. Existing comparison functions such as the Fréchet distance are computationally expensive and yield counterintuitive results in some cases. We propose an approach using feature vectors whose components represent succinctly the salient information in trajectories. These features incorporate basic information such as the total distance traveled and the distance between start/stop points as well as geometric features related to the properties of the convex hull, trajectory curvature and general distance geometry. Additionally, these features can generally be mapped easily to behaviors of interest to humans who are searching large databases. Most of these geometric features are invariant under rigid transformation. We demonstrate the use of different subsets of these features to identify trajectories similar to an exemplar, cluster a database of several hundred thousand trajectories and identify outliers.
Computing quality scores and uncertainty for approximate pattern matching in geospatial semantic graphs
Authors: Stracuzzi David J. , Brost Randy C. , Phillips Cynthia A. , Robinson David G. , Wilson Alyson G. , Woodbridge Diane M.‐K.
Published: February 2016

Geospatial semantic graphs provide a robust foundation for representing and analyzing remote sensor data. In particular, they support a variety of pattern search operations that capture the spatial and temporal relationships among the objects and events in the data. However, in the presence of large data corpora, even a carefully constructed search query may return a large number of unintended matches. This work considers the problem of calculating a quality score for each match to the query, given that the underlying data are uncertain. We present a preliminary evaluation of three methods for determining both match quality scores and associated uncertainty bounds, illustrated in the context of an example based on overhead imagery data.
Attack chain detection
Authors: Sexton Joseph , Storlie Curtis , Neil Joshua
Published: February 2016

A targeted network intrusion typically evolves through multiple phases, termed the attack chain. When appropriate data are monitored, these phases will generate multiple events across the attack chain on a compromised host. It is shown empirically that events in different parts of the attack chain are largely independent under nonattack conditions. This suggests that a powerful detector can be constructed by combining across events spanning the attack. This article describes the development of such a detector for a larger network. To construct events that span the attack chain, multiple data sources are used, and the detector combines across events observed on the same machine, across local neighborhoods of machines linked by network communications, as well as across events observed on multiple computers. A probabilistic approach for evaluating the combined events is developed, and empirical investigations support the underlying assumptions. The detection power of the approach is studied by inserting plausible attack scenarios into observed network and host data, and an application to a real‐world intrusion is given.
TSSDroid: realization of an efficient and usable TSS API for the Android software stack
Authors: Khan Sohail , Nauman Mohammad , Othman Abu Talib , Musa Shahrulniza , Syed Toqeer Ali
Published: February 2016

The advancement in smartphones capabilities has attracted malware writers to build more sophisticated attacks on these devices. Traditional software‐based security mechanisms have failed to provide strong security against these attacks. Similar threats on the PC have been countered using the concepts of Trusted Computing—a highly flexible trust mechanism with strong security properties. However, smartphone platforms have yet to see any Trusted Computing applications—primarily because of the difficulty in adopting this relatively new paradigm of security. In this paper, we present the design of a high‐level application programming interface (API) that allows Android‐based smartphone application developers to adopt Trusted Computing and use it in their applications without having to learn the intricate details of how Trusted Computing works. The API abstracts away the complexity in using Trusted Computing constructs by offering easy‐to‐use interfaces for complex tasks. The API has enhanced the usability of Trusted Computing development by significantly reducing the number of lines and complexity of code required to perform these diverse tasks. This paper provides a reference implementation for the proposed API in order to show that the API is efficient in terms of performance overhead. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of an efficient and provably secure anonymity preserving three‐factor user authentication and key agreement scheme for TMIS
Authors: Wazid Mohammad , Das Ashok Kumar , Kumari Saru , Li Xiong , Wu Fan
Published: February 2016

Several remote user authentication techniques for telecare medicine information system (TMIS) have been proposed in the literature. But most existing techniques have limitations such as vulnerable to various attacks, lack of functionalities, and inefficiency. Recently, Amin and Biswas proposed a three‐factor authentication and key agreement technique for TMIS. But their scheme is inefficient and has several security drawbacks. The attacks such as privileged‐insider, user impersonation, and strong reply attacks are possible on their scheme. It also has flaw in password update phase. In order to overcome drawbacks of their scheme, a new provably secure and efficient three‐factor remote user authentication scheme for TMIS is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme overcomes all drawbacks of their scheme and also provides additional features such as user unlinkability, user anonymity, efficient password, and biometric update. The rigorous informal and formal security analysis using random oracle models and the mostly acceptable Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications tool is also performed. During the experimentation, it has been observed that the proposed scheme is secure against various known attacks that include replay and man‐in‐the‐middle attacks. Furthermore, the analysis of computation and communication cost estimation of the proposed scheme depicts that our scheme is efficient as compared with other related exiting schemes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laboratory‐scale testing of the anti‐corrosion effectiveness of a primer coating on a bare AA2024 surface
Authors: Oltra R. , Peltier F.
Published: February 2016

In this study, the behaviour of a cut‐edge electrode machined from a coated AA2024‐T3 plate, designed for an aircraft structure, has been used to mimic the electrochemical response occurring after a mechanical scratch on a coated structure.

In situ pH imaging with an ion‐selective microprobe was used to confirm the competition between the effect of the inhibitor release and local corrosion activity around intermetallic (IM) particles. In this work, the validation of the described method is based on conventional chromate/dichromate inhibitors, assumed to be cathodic inhibitors.

An experimental method, supported by mass transport modelling, was defined to characterize the competition between the triggering of localized microstructural corrosion and the passivation of a bare metal surface. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioinspired Interfacial Materials with Enhanced Drop Mobility: From Fundamentals to Multifunctional Applications
Authors: Hao Chonglei , Liu Yahua , Chen Xuemei , Li Jing , Zhang Mei , Zhao Yanhua , Wang Zuankai
Published: February 2016

The development of bioinspired interfacial materials with enhanced drop mobility that mimic the innate functionalities of nature will have a significant impact on the energy, environment and global healthcare. Despite extensive progress, state of the art interfacial materials have not reached the level of maturity sufficient for industrial applications in terms of scalability, stability, and reliability. These are complicated by their operating environments and lack of facile approaches to control the local structural texture and chemical composition at multiple length scales. The recent advances in the fundamental understanding are reviewed, as well as practical applications of bioinspired interfacial materials, with an emphasis on the drop bouncing and coalescence‐induced jumping behaviors. Perspectives on how to catalyze new discoveries and to foster technological adoption to move this exciting area forward are also suggested.
Heteroatom‐Containing Porous Carbons Derived from Ionic Liquid‐Doped Alkali Organic Salts for Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhu Jingyue , Xu Dan , Qian Wenjing , Zhang Jinyu , Yan Feng
Published: February 2016

A simple strategy for the synthesis of heteroatom‐doped porous carbon materials (CMs) via using ionic liquid (IL)‐doped alkali organic salts as small molecular precursors is developed. Doping of alkali organic salts (such as sodium glutamate, sodium tartrate, and sodium citrate) with heteroatoms containing ILs (including 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chlorine and 3‐butyl‐4‐methythiazolebromination) not only incorporates the heteroatoms into the carbon frameworks but also highly improves the carbonization yield, as compared with that of either alkali organic salts or ILs as precursors. The porous structure of CMs can be tuned by adjusting the feed ratio of ILs. The porous CMs derived from 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chlorine‐doped sodium glutamate exhibit high charge storage capacity with a specific capacitance of 287 F g−1 and good stability over 5000 cycles in 6 m KOH at a current density of 1 A g−1 for supercapacitors. This strategy opens a simple and efficient method for the synthesis of heteroatom‐doped porous CMs.
The Impact of Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) from Market Economies to Centrally Planned Countries
Authors: Ghauri Pervez N. , Park Byung Il
Published: February 2016

Despite the recent economic slump and subsequent reductions and fluctuations of investment ­activities undertaken by multinational enterprises (MNEs) in host markets, the overall volume of foreign direct investment (FDI) has significantly grown over the past three decades. The major proportion of the FDI flows from market economies to centrally planned countries, with the latter currently receiving huge amounts of inward FDI from the West. A representative example of this flow is China. China is often referred to as the factory of the world and/or the black hole of inward FDI. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
1H‐NMR Characterization of Epoxides Derived from Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Authors: Xia Wei , Budge Suzanne M. , Lumsden Mike D.
Published: February 2016

In recent years, 1H NMR has been used to study epoxides in lipid oxidation and industrial processes, but the peak assignments reported for monoepoxides and diepoxides have been inconsistent. Lack of clear assignments for chemical shifts of epoxides derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has also limited the use of 1H NMR in detecting and quantifying these products during both oxidative degradation and industrial epoxidation. In this study, 1H NMR was used to characterize the epoxides synthesized from trilinolein, trilinolenin, canola oil, and fish oils by reaction with formic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Assignments for epoxides derived from PUFA in canola oil and fish oil were between 2.90–3.23 ppm and 2.90–3.28 ppm, distinct from other chemical groups in these oils. Chemical shifts of epoxy groups moved downfield with an increasing number of epoxy groups in the fatty acid chain. Hence, peaks for diepoxides appeared at 3.00, 3.09, and 3.14 ppm and for triepoxides at 3.00, 3.16, and 3.21 ppm. Results also suggested that stereoisomers of diepoxides and triepoxides were formed during the epoxidation process under the conditions of this study. These new assignments for di‐ and tri‐epoxide stereoisomers were supported by GC–MS analysis of their methyl esters, H–H COSY experiments, and a re‐evaluation of several previous epoxide‐related studies.
Covariances vs. characteristics: what does explain the cross section of the German stock market returns?
Authors: Fieberg Christian , Varmaz Armin , Poddig Thorsten
Published: February 2016

The characteristics book-to-market equity ratio, size and momentum are highly correlated with the average returns of common stocks. Fama and French (J Financ Econ 33(1):3–56, 1993), (J Finance 50(1):131–155, 1995) and (J Finance 51(1):55–84, 1996) argue (for size and the book-to-market equity ratio) that the relation between returns and characteristics arises because the characteristics are proxies for exposures to common risk factors. We examine the question whether the characteristics or the covariance structure of returns explain the cross-sectional dispersion in German stock market returns. Our results suggest that widely accepted factors SMB, HML or WML are not priced.
Utility of the PALM‐COEIN classification of abnormal uterine bleeding for Indian gynecologists
Authors: Bandi Nirmala D. , Arumugam Chandrasekharan P. , Venkata Meenakumari R.N. , Nannam Lahari
Published: February 2016

Objective

To study the clinical utility of the PALM‐COEIN classification for abnormal uterine bleeding in day‐to‐day practice in India.

Methods

Between April and November 2014, a cross‐sectional survey was undertaken of gynecologists practicing in Chittoor and Nellore. Doctors possessing a postgraduate degree in gynecology and obstetrics, and postgraduate students in the gynecology department of medical colleges were invited to participate. A validated questionnaire containing 15 questions was distributed, the opinions were collated, and the results analyzed.

Results

Among 150 invited gynecologists, 120 agreed to participate, and 119 completed the survey fully. Overall, 95 (79.8%) respondents were aware of the classification, and 56 (47.1%) responded that the PALM‐COEIN system is very good, 46 (38.7%) that it is average, and 17 (14.3%) that it is poor. By subgroup, 16 of 20 (80.0%) faculty members, 46 of 56 (82.1%) postgraduate students, and 33 of 43 (76.7%) practitioners responded that the system is useful.

Conclusion

Indian doctors generally believe that the PALM‐COEIN system is clinically useful and a step forward in the management of abnormal uterine bleeding.
Functional Effectiveness of Inpatient Rehabilitation After Heart Transplantation
Authors: Gupta Saurabh , Larsen Elizabeth , Garg Ankur , John Florence , Bansal Mukesh , Eckman Peter M. , Sembrano Roderick
Published: February 2016

Background

Heart transplantation (HT) is the treatment of choice for many patients with end‐stage heart failure who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy, but no study has looked directly into functional improvement of HT patients after an inpatient rehabilitation program.

Objective

To determine functional improvement in HT patients who completed an inpatient rehabilitation program.

Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

An inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) associated with a tertiary care hospital.

Patients

Seventeen patients admitted between March 2011 and September 2014 after HT.

Methods

Demographic, clinical, and functional data (admission and discharge Functional Independence Measure [FIM] scores) were recorded. Change in FIM scores and FIM efficiency (change in FIM score/length of stay) were analyzed. FIM outcomes for HT patients were compared with regional and national averages for patients undergoing an inpatient rehabilitation program for cardiac debility. As a secondary outcome, we evaluated whether body mass index of HT patients had an impact on FIM gains in an IRF. Individual FIM items were analyzed for trends. Results are reported as mean ± SD.

Results

Twelve male and 5 female patients with mean age of 61.2 ± 4.5 years were identified. Three patients were readmitted to acute hospital because of complications. For those 14 patients who completed the IRF stay, the mean admission and discharge motor FIM were 51.5 (±14.6) and 74.7 (±12.0), respectively. The mean admission and discharge cognition FIM were 30.9 (±3.2) and 32.9 (±1.7), respectively. The mean total FIM gain was 26.9 ± 13.3 (P < .05). The mean FIM efficiency was 3.2 (±2.0). After admission to an IRF, 82% were discharged home with statistically significant improvement in their functional ability. In addition, all individual FIM items improved from admission to discharge. There was positive relationship between body mass index and FIM gain but this was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

An inpatient rehabilitation program appears to positively impact optimal outcomes (functional recovery and discharge to home) for selected patients with HT and is comparable with regional and national FIM gain and efficiency for patients admitted to IRFs with other cardiac conditions.
When Ethical Tones at the Top Conflict: Adapting Priority Rules to Reconcile Conflicting Tones
Authors: Warren Danielle E. , Peytcheva Marietta , Gaspar Joseph P.
Published: February 2016

While tone at the top is widely regarded as an important predictor of ethical behavior in organizations, we argue that recent research overlooks the various conflicting ethical tones present in many multi-organizational work settings. Further, we propose that the resolution processes promulgated in many firms and professional associations to reconcile this conflict reinforce the tone at the bottom or a tone at the top of the employee’s organization, and that both of these approaches can conflict with the tone at the top of other important organizations such as professional and regulatory organizations. Here we adapt Integrative Social Contract Theory’s priority rules to propose a multi-tone reconciliation process which prioritizes conflicting ethical tones based upon features of the organization and the effects on society. Using three contextualizations (overbilling, worker safety and client advocacy), we demonstrate the effectiveness of the multi-tone reconciliation process over current processes. We conclude with recommendations for future research and implications for practice.
Overview evidence on interventions for population suicide with an eye to identifying best-supported strategies for LMICs
Authors: Fleischmann A. , Arensman E. , Berman A. , Carli V. , De Leo D. , Hadlaczky G. , Howlader S. , Vijayakumar L. , Wasserman D. , Saxena S.
Published: February 2016

Globally, over 800 000 people died by suicide in 2012 and there are indications that for each adult who died of suicide there were likely to be many more attempting suicide. There are many millions of people every year who are affected by suicide and suicide attempts, taking into consideration the family members, friends, work colleagues and communities, who are bereaved by suicide. In the WHO Mental Health Action Plan 2013–2020, Member States committed themselves to work towards the global target of reducing the suicide rate in countries by 10% by 2020. Hence, the first-ever WHO report on suicide prevention, Preventing suicide: a global imperative, published in September 2014, is a timely call to take action using effective evidence-based interventions. Their relevance for low- and middle-income countries is discussed in this paper, highlighting restricting access to means, responsible media reporting, introducing mental health and alcohol policies, early identification and treatment, training of health workers, and follow-up care and community support following a suicide attempt.
Why Researchers Should Publish Archive Inventories Online: The Case of the Archives of French Equatorial Africa
Authors: Hiribarren Vincent
Published: February 2016

This short report gives the rationale behind the creation of the websitehttps://archivescolonialesbrazzaville.wordpress.com/, dedicated to the colonial archives of French Equatorial Africa in January 2015. It is argued that researchers and archivists can build highly useful websites in Africa even with a limited Internet connection.
Sustained Infection Reduction in Outpatient Hemodialysis Centers Participating in a Collaborative Bloodstream Infection Prevention Effort
Authors: Yi Sarah H. , Kallen Alexander J. , Hess Sally , Bren Virginia R. , Lincoln Mary E. , Downham Gemma , Kelley Karen , Booth Stephanie L. , Weirich Heather , Shugart Alicia , Lines Christi , Melville Anna , Jernigan John A. , Kleinbaum David G. , Patel Priti R.
Published: February 2016

Among dialysis facilities participating in a bloodstream infection (BSI) prevention collaborative, access-related BSI incidence rate improvements observed immediately following implementation of a bundle of BSI prevention interventions were sustained for up to 4 years. Overall, BSI incidence remained unchanged from baseline in the current analysis.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:863–866
Opinions of key stakeholders concerning involuntary admission of patients under the Mental Health Act 2001
Authors: Georgieva I. , Bainbridge E. , McGuinness D. , Keys M. , Brosnan L. , Felzmann H. , Maguire J. , Murphy K. , Higgins A. , McDonald C. , Hallahan B.
Published: February 2016

Objectives

To evaluate and compare the opinions of key stakeholders involved in the involuntary admission and treatment of patients under the Mental Health Act (MHA) 2001 regarding their views towards the operation of the legislation.

Methods

We employed a descriptive survey design. A questionnaire was distributed to stakeholders involved in the operation of the MHA 2001 (except service users, whose views were explored in a separate qualitative study) via paper or online versions evaluating their opinions regarding the operation of the MHA 2001 in relation to assessment, care, rights, transfer and information available.

Results

Stakeholders agreed that in their opinion that patients generally benefit from the care they receive (79%) and that the MHA 2001 ensures an independent and fair review of the person’s detention (65%). However, only 23% of stakeholders were satisfied with the process of transferring patients to hospital and with the clinical assessment procedures therein (37%), with the greatest levels of dissatisfaction amongst Gardai (Police), general practitioners (GPs) and family members.

Conclusions

While the introduction of the MHA 2001 has assisted delivery of care to patients with improved adherence to international human rights frameworks applicable at the time of its enactment, substantial dissatisfaction with the implementation of the MHA 2001 in practice is experienced by stakeholders particularly at the distressing phase of clinical assessment and transfer to hospital.
Effort–reward imbalance at work, over-commitment personality and diet quality in Central and Eastern European populations
Authors: Chen Sung-Wei , Peasey Anne , Stefler Denes , Malyutina Sofia , Pajak Andrzej , Kubinova Ruzena , Chan Jen-Hui , Bobak Martin , Pikhart Hynek
Published: February 2016

The aims of this study were to investigate the associations between work stress defined by the effort–reward imbalance (ERI) model and diet quality and to examine the potential role of over-commitment (OC) personality in ERI–diet relationships. A cross-sectional study was conducted in random population samples of 6340 men and 5792 women (age 45–69 years) from the Czech Republic, Russia and Poland. Dietary data were collected using FFQ. The healthy diet indicator (HDI) was constructed using eight nutrient/food intakes (HDI components) to reflect the adherence to WHO dietary guideline. The extent of imbalance between effort and reward was measured by the effort:reward (ER) ratio; the effort score was the numerator and the reward score was multiplied by a factor adjusting for unequal number of items in the denominator. Logistic regression and linear regression were used to assess the associations between exposures (ER ratio and OC) and outcomes (HDI components and HDI) after adjustment for confounders and mediators. The results showed that high ER ratio and high OC were significantly associated with unhealthy diet quality. For a 1-sd increase in the ER ratio, HDI was reduced by 0·030 and 0·033 sd in men and women, and for a 1-sd increase in OC, HDI was decreased by 0·036 and 0·032 sd in men and women, respectively. The modifying role of OC in ERI–diet relationships was non-significant. To improve diet quality at workplace, a multiple-level approach combining organisational intervention for work stress and individual intervention for vulnerable personality is recommended.
Human-Animal Governance and University Practice in Canada: A Problematizing Redescription
Authors: Janara Laura
Published: February 2016

Each year through the practices of Canada's universities, vast numbers of nonhuman animals are caught, bought or bred, narrowly confined, manipulated and killed. These university−animal relations are governed by a state-based regime, the Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC). Through the lens of critical public philosophy, I clarify the power that has constituted this governance regime and now sustains it, examining the regime's justifying claims, its practices that authorize universities and scholars as legally compliant and the related effects of its power. The resulting critical redescription reveals fundamental problems with the political legitimacy of CCAC governance and thus with the university−animal relations that it sanctions.
Emplacement age and isotopic composition of the Prairie Lake carbonatite complex, Northwestern Ontario, Canada
Authors: WU FU-YUAN , MITCHELL ROGER H. , LI QIU-LI , ZHANG CHANG , YANG YUE-HENG
Published: February 2016

Alkaline rock and carbonatite complexes, including the Prairie Lake complex (NW Ontario), are widely distributed in the Canadian region of the Midcontinent Rift in North America. It has been suggested that these complexes were emplaced during the main stage of rifting magmatism and are related to a mantle plume. The Prairie Lake complex is composed of carbonatite, ijolite and potassic nepheline syenite. Two samples of baddeleyite from the carbonatite yield U–Pb ages of 1157.2±2.3 and 1158.2±3.8 Ma, identical to the age of 1163.6±3.6 Ma obtained for baddeleyite from the ijolite. Apatite from the carbonatite yields the same U–Pb age of ~1160 Ma using TIMS, SIMS and laser ablation techniques. These ages indicate that the various rocks within the complex were synchronously emplaced at about 1160 Ma. The carbonatite, ijolite and syenite have identical Sr, Nd and Hf isotopic compositions with a87Sr/86Sr ratio of ~0.70254, and positive εNd(t)1160and εHf(t)1160values of ~+3.5 and ~+4.6, respectively, indicating that the silicate and carbonatitic rocks are co-genetic and related by simple fractional crystallization from a magma derived from a weakly depleted mantle. These age determinations extend the period of magmatism in the Midcontinent Rift in the Lake Superior area to 1160 Ma, but do not indicate whether the magmatism is associated with passive continental rifting or the initial stages of plume-induced rifting.
The Applicability of Human Rights Conventions to Israel and to the Occupied Territories
Authors: Benvenisti Eyal
Published: February 2016

The recent ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child by the Israeli Government is part of a welcome effort to ratify multilateral conventions dealing with human rights, some of which Israel had signed long ago. In addition to this Convention, the Israeli Government ratified, during the summer of 1991, the 1966 Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the 1966 Covenant on Economic and Social Rights, the 1979 Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, and the 1984 Convention Against Torture. On the occasion of the ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, this article discusses the legal implications of the ratification of human rights conventions to the Israeli legal system and to the legal systems in the occupied territories.
A Legal Analysis of the Free Trade Agreement of 1975 between the European Community and the State of Israel
Authors: Kapeliuk-Klinger Daphna
Published: February 2016

On January 1, 1989, the State of Israel abolished the remaining customs duties and charges, having equivalent effect on imported products originating in the European Communities (hereinafter the Community), in accordance with the Free Trade Agreement (hereinafter the FT Agreement) concluded on May 11, 1975, between the Community and Israel.

The FT Agreement, which sets out to create a free trade area in the territories of the contracting parties, was the result of the previously existing relationship between the Community and Israel, as well as the emergence of the Global Mediterranean Policy within the Community. The FT Agreement attempts to foster economic activity by promoting expansion of trade and cooperation in reciprocal areas of interest, thus creating fair competition and contributing to the development and expansion of world trade.
Some Thoughts on International Arbitration Today
Authors: Rosenne Shabtai
Published: February 2016

The Permanent Court of Arbitration was established by the First Hague Convention of 1899 on the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes, as revised by the First Hague Convention of 1907 on the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes. It is not a court in the accepted sense of the word, but consists of a panel of persons able and willing to assume the duties of arbitrator in international disputes. Israel acceded to the First Hague Convention of 1907 on 17 June 1962. Under the Convention, each State Party is entitled to form a “national group” of arbitrators, not more than four in number, and their names are included in the panel. The Israel national group today consists of the following (in order of appointment): Shabtai Rosenne (1962), Moshe Landau (1968), Meir Shamgar (1989), and Ruth Lapidoth (1989).
Organ Transplants from Living Donors
Authors: Halperin Rabbi Mordechai
Published: February 2016

I. Survey of Transplant Techniques

The kidney is one of the few organs which today can be successfully transplanted from a living donor to an ailing recipient. A healthy donor can function satisfactorily with a single kidney; therefore the removal of one kidney for transplantation does not significantly endanger the donor's life. However, removal, or even partial removal, of other organs, such as the heart, lungs, or pancreas, will present a serious risk to the health and life of the donor.

In addition to organs, skin, bone marrow, blood and other body parts can be transplanted from living donors.

A. Kidney Transplants

The kidneys function to regulate the body's electrolyte and water balance and eliminate various wastes. Severe kidney dysfunction endangers the patient's life, and requires treatment by dialysis or kidney transplant. Up until a decade ago, the life expectancy of patients treated by dialysis exceeded that of patients who underwent kidney transplants. Over the past decade, the life expectancy of patients who have undergone kidney transplants from deceased donors has increased to a point where it is now comparable with the life expectancy of patients on dialysis.
The Economic Provisions of the Agreement between Israel and the PLO
Authors: Kleiman Ephraim
Published: February 2016

The economic provisions of the agreement between Israel and the PLO are set out in the Protocol on Economic Relations, signed in Paris on April 29th 1994. Concluding nearly six months of negotiations, the Protocol spells out the arrangements regulating economic relations between the Palestinian Authority, established under the Oslo Declaration of Principles (DOP), and Israel. Its eleven articles deal with the foreign trade, monetary and fiscal regimes of the areas under this jurisdiction, and with the movement of labour and goods between them and Israel. The Protocol also treats some more specific matters, such as the licensing of tour operators, access to tourist sites and compulsory motor vehicle insurance.
Arendt in Jerusalem, Jackson at Nuremberg: Presuppositions of the Nazi War Crimes Trials
Authors: Friedman James
Published: February 2016

In 1961 the government of Israel brought criminal charges in Jerusalem against Adolf Eichmann, a former Obersturmbannfuher (Lt. Col.) in the S.S. Eichmann's name had frequently come up at the Nuremberg trials, as he had overseen the substantial task of transporting European Jews to Nazi concentration and death camps during the war. However, he was never tried at Nuremberg because he had evaded capture by allied armies and begun a new life in Argentina. In 1961 the Mossad, the Israeli intelligence agency, kidnapped Eichmann and brought him to Israel to stand trial. Given Eichmann's notoriety, and the rather unusual way in which Israel obtained in personam jurisdiction over him, it was not surprising that the trial received world-wide attention.

In Jerusalem Eichmann was charged with violations of the Nazi and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law of 1950.