bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solar System Science with the Orbiting Astronomical Satellite Investigating Stellar Systems (OASIS) Observatory
Authors: Anderson Carrie M. , Biver Nicolas , Bjoraker Gordon L. , Cavalié Thibault , Chin Gordon , DiSanti Michael A. , Hartogh Paul , Tielens Alexander , Walker Christopher K.
Published: July 2022

The overarching theme of the Orbiting Astronomical Satellite for Investigating Stellar Systems (OASIS), an Astrophysics MIDEX-class mission concept, is Following water from galaxies, through protostellar systems, to Earth’s oceans. The OASIS science objectives address fundamental questions raised in “Pathways to Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 2020s (National Academies of Sciences and Medicine, Pathways to Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 2020s, 2021, https://doi.org/10.17226/26141, https://www.nap.edu/catalog/26141/pathways-to-discovery-in-astronomy-and-astrophysics-for-the-2020s)” and in “Enduring Quests and Daring Visions” (Kouveliotou et al. in Enduring quests-daring visions (NASA astrophysics in the next three decades), 2014, arXiv:1401.3741), in the areas of: 1) the Interstellar Medium and Planet Formation, 2) Exoplanets, Astrobiology, and the Solar System, and 3) Galaxies. The OASIS science objectives require space-borne observations of galaxies, molecular clouds, protoplanetary disks, and solar system objects utilizing a telescope with a collecting area that is only achievable by large apertures coupled with cryogenic heterodyne receivers. OASIS will deploy an innovative 14-meter inflatable reflector that enables >16× the sensitivity and >4× the angular resolution of Herschel, and complements the short wavelength capabilities of James Webb Space Telescope. The OASIS state-of-the-art cryogenic heterodyne receivers will enable high spectral resolution (resolving power $>10^{6}$
>

10

6

) observations at terahertz (THz) frequencies. These frequencies encompass far-IR transitions of water and its isotopologues, HD, and other molecular species, from 660 to 63 μm that are otherwise obscured by Earth’s atmosphere. From observations of the ground state HD line, OASIS will directly measure gas mass in a wide variety of astrophysical objects. Over its one-year baseline mission, OASIS will find water sources as close as the Moon, to galaxies ∼4 billion light years away. This paper reviews the solar system science achievable and planned with OASIS.
Kurt Mislow centennial—he changed the way people think about stereochemistry
Authors: Hargittai Balazs , Hargittai Istvan
Published: July 2022

Kurt Mislow (1923–2017) and his family were refugees from Nazi Germany. He studied at Tulane University and at Caltech and spent most of his career at Princeton University as Hugh Stott Taylor Professor of Chemistry (from 1988, Emeritus). He excelled in his research and his pedagogy of stereochemistry, introduced the term “chirality” into the chemical textbook literature, and delineated some of the theoretical underpinning of modern stereochemistry. He showed that shape, form, and symmetry play a central role in organic chemistry. He authored an introductory text on stereochemistry that has served generations. His pupils and those who learned from him through his publications carry on his legacy.
Irregular accesses reorder unit: improving GPGPU memory coalescing for graph-based workloads
Authors: Segura Albert , Arnau Jose Maria , Gonzalez Antonio
Published: July 2022

GPGPU architectures have become the dominant platform for massively parallel workloads, delivering high performance and energy efficiency for popular applications such as machine learning, computer vision or self-driving cars. However, irregular applications, such as graph processing, fail to fully exploit GPGPU resources due to their divergent memory accesses that saturate the memory hierarchy. To reduce the pressure on the memory subsystem for divergent memory-intensive applications, programmers must take into account SIMT execution model and memory coalescing in GPGPUs, devoting significant efforts in complex optimization techniques. Despite these efforts, we show that irregular graph processing still suffers from low GPGPU performance. We observe that in many irregular applications the mapping of data to threads can be safely changed. In other words, it is possible to relax the strict relationship between thread and data processed to reduce memory divergence. Based on this observation, we propose the Irregular accesses Reorder Unit (IRU), a novel hardware extension tightly integrated in the GPGPU pipeline. The IRU reorders data processed by the threads on irregular accesses to improve memory coalescing, i.e., it tries to assign data elements to threads as to produce coalesced accesses in SIMT groups. Furthermore, the IRU is capable of filtering and merging duplicated accesses, significantly reducing the workload. Programmers can easily utilize the IRU with a simple API, or let the compiler issue instructions from our extended ISA. We evaluate our proposal for state-of-the-art graph-based algorithms and a wide selection of applications. Results show that the IRU achieves a memory coalescing improvement of 1.32x and a 46% reduction in the overall traffic in the memory hierarchy, which results in 1.33x speedup and 13% energy savings on average, while incurring in a small 5.6% area overhead.
Stability and Sensitivity of Uncertain Linear Programs
Authors: Cánovas María J. , Parra Juan
Published: July 2022

The present paper deals with uncertain linear optimization problems where the objective function coefficient vector belongs to a compact convex uncertainty set and the feasible set is described by a linear semi-infinite inequality system (finitely many variables and possibly infinitely many constrainsts), whose coefficients are also uncertain. Perturbations of both, the objective coefficient vector set and the constraint coefficient set, are measured by the Hausdorff metric. The paper is mainly concerned with analyzing the Lipschitz continuity of the optimal value function, as well as the lower and upper semicontinuity in the sense of Berge of the optimal set mapping. Inspired by Sion’s minimax theorem, a new concept of weak optimal solution set is introduced and analyzed.
Aging alters antiviral signaling pathways resulting in functional impairment in innate immunity in response to pattern recognition receptor agonists
Authors: Connors Jennifer , Taramangalam Bhavani , Cusimano Gina , Bell Matthew R. , Matt Stephanie M. , Runner Kaitlyn , Gaskill Peter J. , DeFilippis Victor , Nikolich-Žugich Janko , Kutzler Michele A. , Haddad Elias K.
Published: July 2022

The progressive impairment of immunity to pathogens and vaccines with aging is a significant public health problem as the world population shifts to an increased percentage of older adults (> 65). We have previously demonstrated that cells obtained from older volunteers have delayed and defective induction of type I interferons and T cell and B cell helper cytokines in response to TLR ligands when compared to those from adult subjects. However, the underlying intracellular mechanisms are not well described. Herein, we studied two critical pathways important in the production of type I interferon (IFN), the interferon response factor 7 (pIRF7), and TANK-binding kinase (pTBK-1). We show a decrease in pIRF7 and pTBK-1 in cross-priming dendritic cells (cDC1s), CD4+T cell priming DCs (cDC2s), and CD14dimCD16+vascular patrolling monocytes from older adults (n = 11) following stimulation with pathway-specific agonists in comparison with young individuals (n = 11). The decrease in these key antiviral pathway proteins correlates with decreased phagocytosis, suggesting impaired function in Overall, our findings describe molecular mechanisms which explain the innate functional impairment in older adults and thus could inform us of novel approaches to restore these defects.

Graphical abstract
Investigation of the landing dynamics of a reusable launch vehicle and derivation of dimension loading for the landing leg
Authors: Thies Christoph
Published: July 2022

The EU has deemed it crucial to maintain its own independent access to space. To foster the European industry competitiveness, the cost of the European launch systems needs to be reduced and flexibility needs to be improved. The development of reusable launch vehicle (RLV) is currently changing the global market of space transportation systems and is promising immense cost savings. Within this context, MT Aerospace has been investigating the configurations and possible solutions for landing structures at touch-down in the European Funded H2020 project RETALT. This includes the down-selection of previous designs to the current configuration for RETALT1 (Marwege et al. in System definition report, 2022) and the corresponding architecture of the structural landing leg. A screening of the overall requirements down to driving parameters which have the most significant impact on the structural design is done. Landing events like “nominal” simultaneously four leg touch-down landings and critical single leg manoeuvres are analysed to evaluated safe configurations for landing. These investigations have a major influence on the specification of the launcher.
The Influence of Culture and Intercultural Contact on Neo-Racism and Ethnocentrism
Authors: Černigoj Adela
Published: July 2022

Ethnicity-based discrimination remains a persistent concern across the globe. A recent yet disparate literature focused on the role of cultural dimensions and intercultural contact in forming negative intergroup attitudes; however, these variables have yet to be included in a single study, so their unique effects cannot be estimated. Furthermore, although it is well documented that intercultural contact may reduce out-group discrimination, its influence on in-group favouritism remains relatively unexplored. The present study examines whether social dominance orientation (power distance), uncertainty avoidance, individualism/collectivism, and intercultural contact can predict neo-racism and ethnocentrism. Results from an online survey on Slovenian sample (N = 164) demonstrated that social dominance orientation was the best predictor of neo-racism and ethnocentrism, followed by intercultural contact. Findings indicate the importance of cultural context in shaping and modifying negative attitudes and increasing social tolerance. The implications for culturally-informed practices for preventing/reducing discrimination are outlined.
Formation damage simulation of a multi-fractured horizontal well in a tight gas/shale oil formation
Authors: Bui Dung , Nguyen Tan , Nguyen Thanh , Yoo Hyunsang
Published: July 2022

Formation damage in drilling comes from drilling fluid invasion due to high differential pressure between a wellbore and the formation. This mechanism happens with fracture fluid invasion of multi-fractured horizontal wells in tight formations. Some multi-fractured wells show production rates and cumulative productions far lower than expected. Those damaged wells may sustain further impact such as well shutting due to unexpected events such as the COVID-19 outbreak and then experience a further reduction in cumulative production. This paper focuses on the root causes of formation damage of fractured wells and provides possible solutions to improve production. A simulation study was conducted using Computer Modelling Group software to simulate formation damage due to fracture fluid invasion and well shut-in. Simulation results revealed that the decrease in cumulative hydrocarbon production due to leak-off and shut-in of the simulated well could range from 20 to 41%, depending on different conditions. The results showed that the main causes are high critical water saturation of tight formations, low drawdown, and low residual proppant permeability under formation closure stress. The sensitivity analysis suggests two feasible solutions to mitigate formation damage: optimizing drawdown during production and optimized proppant pack permeability of the hydraulic fracturing process. Optimizing pressure drawdown is effective in fixing leak-off damage, but it does not mitigate shut-in damage. Formation damage due to shut-in should be prevented in advance by using an appropriate proppant permeability. These key findings enhance productivity and improve the economics of tight gas and shale oil formations.
Numerical analyses of a reference wing for combination of hybrid laminar flow control and variable camber
Authors: Jentys Mauricio M. , Effing Tim , Breitsamter Christian , Stumpf Eike
Published: July 2022

The objective of the LuFo VI-1 project CATeW (Coupled Aerodynamic Technologies for Aircraft Wings) consists in multifidelity analyses to assess the potential for aerodynamic efficiency increase by combined application of hybrid laminar flow control and variable camber technologies to the wing of a transonic transport aircraft. Individually, both technologies have proven to lead to major aerodynamic drag reductions. An evaluation of the coupled technologies is, therefore, expected to show an even higher potential due to synergy effects. To derive conclusions on system level, low-fidelity (LowFi) overall aircraft design methodologies will be applied for the analysis of a medium haul reference aircraft in the course of the project, while complex aerodynamic phenomena are modelled with high-fidelity (HiFi) computational fluid dynamics methods. The paper at hand presents results of aerodynamic analyses on both fidelity levels for the wing of the turbulent reference configuration CATeW-01, featuring the technology combination as a retrofit. Furthermore, this work encompasses adaptations and implementations performed within both the LowFi and HiFi toolchains. The LowFi toolchain already incorporates several modules for the proposed technology combination. A short presentation of the LowFi-toolchain is given, along with the modeling approach in the HiFi framework using mesh deformations and a mass flux boundary condition. Comparative studies of the turbulent flow field around the wing show good agreement of predicted load distributions in both numerical frameworks, studies based upon the HiFi approach attest the potential for efficiency increase due to the variable camber technology, incorporated by means of Adaptive Dropped Hinge Flap (ADHF) deflections. Considering the coupled application, four different constant suction mass flow rates are examined, where the maximum mass flow causes laminar flow extending over the entire suction panel, thus moving the transition location from the wing’s leading edge to the end of the suction panel. When being coupled with ADHF deflections, again the variable camber technology leads to a reduction of the wing’s pressure drag component with the simultaneous application of boundary layer suction further promoting drag reduction with increasing suction rate. While the combined application shows no mutual inhibition, major reciprocal effects are not directly observable when applying the combination as a retrofit to the reference configuration CATeW-01. This is mainly attributed to the limited extend of laminar flow, thus indicating the necessity for optimization in wing geometry and operating parameters, to achieve extensive areas of laminar flow and to promote the aspired synergy effects.
Improving Hydrocarbon Prospect Evaluation at Badr El Din-3 and Badr El Din-15 Oil Fields by Integrating 3D Structural Modeling and Petrophysical Analysis for Abu-Gharadig Basin, North of Western Desert, Egypt
Authors: Taha Mohamed A. , Abdelhafeez Tharwat H. , El-hady Sherif M. , Nooh Ahmed Z. , Mohamed Waheed H.
Published: July 2022

The BED-3 and BED-15 oil fields are situated in the northwestern portion of the Abu-Gharadig sedimentary basin. The Basin is an E–W trending intracratonic rift basin and ranges in age between the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. Significant extension events, followed by subsidence, took place throughout the Middle Jurassic and continued to the Cretaceous. The relative movement of Africa toward Laurasia in the Jurassic changed from eastward to westward between the Early Cretaceous and the Santonian. Therefore, a compressive force due to the change in direction affected the African plate and gave rise to the reversal of basins (such as the Abu-Gharadig sedimentary basin). Inverted anticlines are important structural traps for hydrocarbons that were formed by the compressional forces acting on the Abu-Gharadig sedimentary basin. This study primarily focuses on understanding the BED-3 and BED-15 fileds' structural style, in addition to the subsurface structure that has participated in the petroleum accumulation in the Abu-Roash C Member (Abu-Roash Formation) in the oil fields, in order to maximize oil recovery in these two fields through new wells. The aim of this study was achieved based on information from 30 two-dimensional seismic profiles integrated with well log data from nine boreholes. The Abu-Roash C reservoir represented by two horizons, in addition to minor and major faults, are recognized and marked. Structural trend in the study area ranges from ESE–WNW to NW–SE, and structures consist of folds and faults, forming horsts, grabens, and half-grabens, all of which are favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation. The petrophysical analysis performed on the BED3-8 well shows approximately 87.4% hydrocarbon saturation within the reservoir rock, while the hydrocarbon saturation of the available wells in BED-15 is calculated to vary between 56.1 and 78.8%. Hence, this study suggests that BED-3 and BED-15 oilfields have an excellent chance of producing hydrocarbons.
Performance and kinetic evaluation of the anaerobic digestion of olive pomace derived from a novel manufacturing process based on an olive cold-pressing system: influence of the fruit ripening level
Authors: Fernández-Rodríguez M. J. , Cubero-Cardoso J. , de la Lama-Calvente D. , Fernández-Prior A. , Rodríguez-Gutiérrez G. , Borja R.
Published: July 2022

The aim of the present research was to investigate the influence of the application of a novel cold-pressing system in olive oil manufacturing on the characteristics of olive pomace (OP) and on its valorization by anaerobic digestion (AD). Green olives and olives in veraison, both from the Picual variety, were used with the objective of assessing the effect of ripening level on the performance of the AD processes. The AD processes of these OPs were assessed in biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests. The maximum methane yield (327 ± 5 mL CH4/g VS) and biodegradability value (90.8%) were found for the OP derived from green olives without cold-pressing, which showed the highest soluble COD (113 g O2/L) and the lowest total phenolic concentration (9 g gallic acid/L). The first-order and Transference Function (TF) kinetic models were employed to evaluate the variation in methane production with time and to obtain the kinetic parameters of the anaerobic processes of the four OPs tested. The kinetic constant from the first-order model, k, did not show significant differences for the four OPs tested and ranged between 0.23 and 0.27 day−1. The TF revealed that the values for the maximum methane production rate (Rmax) were slightly higher for the OPs derived from green olives compared to those obtained from olives in veraison. For the green olives, the cold-pressing system caused a decrease in the value of Rmax from 87 ± 7 to 73 ± 6 mL CH4/(g VS·d).
Quasi-solvable lattice models for and Demazure atoms and characters
Authors: Buciumas Valentin , Scrimshaw Travis
Published: July 2022

We construct coloured lattice models whose partition functions represent symplectic and odd orthogonal Demazure characters and atoms. We show that our lattice models are not solvable, but we are able to show the existence of sufficiently many solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation that allow us to compute functional equations for the corresponding partition functions. From these functional equations, we determine that the partition function of our models are the Demazure atoms and characters for the symplectic and odd orthogonal Lie groups. We coin our lattice models as quasi-solvable. We use the natural bijection of admissible states in our models with Proctor patterns to give a right key algorithm for reverse King tableaux and Sundaram tableaux.
High-order strongly nonlinear long wave approximation and solitary wave solution
Authors: Choi Wooyoung
Published: July 2022

We consider high-order strongly nonlinear long wave models expanded in a single small parameter measuring the ratio of the water depth to the characteristic wavelength. By examining its dispersion relation, the high-order system for the bottom velocity is found stable to all disturbances at any order of approximation. On the other hand, systems for other velocities can be unstable and even ill-posed, as signified by the unbounded maximum growth. Under the steady assumption, a new third-order solitary wave solution of the Euler equations is obtained using the high-order strongly nonlinear system and is expanded in an amplitude parameter, which is different from that used in weakly nonlinear theory. The third-order solution is shown to well describe various physical quantities induced by a finite-amplitude solitary wave, including the wave profile, horizontal velocity profile, particle velocity at the crest and bottom pressure. For numerical computations, the first- and second-order strongly nonlinear systems for the bottom velocity are considered. It is shown that finite difference schemes are unstable due to truncation errors introduced in approximating high-order spatial derivatives and, therefore, a more accurate spatial discretization scheme is necessary. Using a pseudo-spectral method based on finite Fourier series combined with an iterative scheme for the inversion of a non-local operator, the strongly nonlinear systems are solved numerically for the propagation of a single solitary wave and the head-on collision of two counter-propagating solitary waves of finite amplitudes, and the results are compared with previous laboratory measurements.
On the rising and sinking of granular bubbles and droplets
Authors: Metzger Jens P. , Strässle Ruben M. , Girardin Louis , Conzelmann Nicholas A. , Müller Christoph R.
Published: July 2022

Recently, the existence of so-called granular bubbles and droplets has been demonstrated experimentally. Granular bubbles and droplets are clusters of particles that respectively rise and sink if submerged in an aerated and vibrated bed of another granular material of different size and/or density. However, currently, there is no model that explains the coherent motion of these clusters and predicts the transition between a rising and sinking motion. Here, we propose an analytical model predicting accurately the neutral buoyancy limit of a granular bubble/droplet. This model allows the compilation of a regime map identifying five distinct regimes of granular bubble/droplet motion.
Spatio-temporal imaging of cell fate dynamics in single plant cells using luminescence microscope
Authors: Shimadzu Shunji , Furuya Tomoyuki , Ozawa Yasuko , Fukuda Hiroo , Kondo Yuki
Published: July 2022

Stem cell fates are spatio-temporally regulated during plant development. Time-lapse imaging of fluorescence reporters is the most widely used method for spatio-temporal analysis of biological processes. However, excitation light for imaging fluorescence reporters causes autofluorescence and photobleaching. Unlike fluorescence reporters, luminescence proteins do not require excitation light, and therefore offer an alternative reporter for long-term and quantitative spatio-temporal analysis. We established an imaging system for luciferase, which enabled monitoring cell fate marker dynamics during vascular development in a vascular cell induction system called VISUAL. Single cells expressing the cambium marker, proAtHB8:ELUC, had sharp luminescence peaks at different time points. Furthermore, dual-color luminescence imaging revealed spatio-temporal relationships between cells that differentiated into xylem or phloem, and cells that transitioned from procambium to cambium. This imaging system enables not only the detection of temporal gene expression, but also facilitates monitoring of spatio-temporal dynamics of cell identity transitions at the single cell level.
The elusive impact of L2 immersion on translation priming
Authors: Chaouch-Orozco Adel , González Alonso Jorge , Duñabeitia Jon Andoni , Rothman Jason
Published: July 2022

A growing consensus sees the bilingual lexicon as an integrated, nonselective system. However, the way bilingual experience shapes the architecture and functioning of the lexicon is not well understood. This study investigates bilingual lexical-semantic representation and processing employing written translation priming. We focus on the role of active exposure to and use of the second language (L2)—primarily operationalized as immersion. We tested 200 highly proficient Spanish–English bilinguals in two groups differing in their societal language (immersed vs. nonimmersed) and amount of L2 use. L2 proficiency was controlled across participants, allowing us to disentangle its effects from those of L2 use. Overall, however, the immersion’s impact on our data was minimal. This suggests a ceiling effect for the influence of active L2 use on bilingual lexical functioning when L2 development is maximal. The present data provide relevant insights into the nature of the bilingual lexicon, informing developmental models.
The Status of ain't in Philadelphia African American English
Authors: Fisher Sabriya
Published: July 2022

This paper investigates use of ain't in a corpus of naturalistic speech from forty-two African-American Philadelphians. Use of ain't in past/perfective contexts where it varies with didn't is considered a unique feature of AAE. This use is compared in apparent time to uses of ain't in tense-aspect environments shared with other English varieties. Results show that past/perfective uses of ain't increased during the twentieth century while use in other contexts remained stable, supporting the hypothesis that past/perfective uses resulted from recent change. Generalized linear models for ain't in past/perfective and other contexts show that sociostylistic and linguistic constraints are otherwise the same across contexts. Finally, evidence that a past/perfective use of ain't resulted from either the phonetic reduction of didn't or a shift in meaning from uses of ain't in anterior contexts is examined.
Dietary diversity and depression: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in Spanish adult population with metabolic syndrome. Findings from PREDIMED-Plus trial
Authors: Cano-Ibáñez Naomi , Serra-Majem Lluis , Martín-Peláez Sandra , Martínez-González Miguel Ángel , Salas-Salvadó Jordi , Corella Dolores , Lassale Camille , Martínez Jose Alfredo , Alonso-Gómez Ángel M , Wärnberg Julia , Vioque Jesús , Romaguera Dora , López-Miranda José , Estruch Ramon , Gómez-Pérez Ana María , Lapetra José , Fernández-Aranda Fernando , Bueno-Cavanillas Aurora , Tur Josep A , Cubelos Naiara , Pintó Xavier , Gaforio José Juan , Matía-Martín Pilar , Vidal Josep , Calderón Cristina , Daimiel Lidia , Ros Emilio , Gea Alfredo , Babio Nancy , Gimenez-Alba Ignacio Manuel , Zomeño-Fajardo María Dolores , Abete Itziar , Tojal Sierra Lucas , Romero-Galisteo Rita P , García de la Hera Manoli , Martín-Padillo Marian , García-Ríos Antonio , Casas Rosa M , Fernández-García JC , Santos-Lozano José Manuel , Toledo Estefanía , Becerra-Tomas Nerea , Sorli Jose V , Schröder Helmut , Zulet María A , Sorto-Sánchez Carolina , Diez-Espino Javier , Gómez-Martínez Carlos , Fitó Montse , Sánchez-Villegas Almudena
Published: July 2022

Objective:

To examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal (2-year follow-up) associations between dietary diversity (DD) and depressive symptoms.

Design:

An energy-adjusted dietary diversity score (DDS) was assessed using a validated FFQ and was categorised into quartiles (Q). The variety in each food group was classified into four categories of diversity (C). Depressive symptoms were assessed with Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck II) questionnaire and depression cases defined as physician-diagnosed or Beck II >= 18. Linear and logistic regression models were used.

Setting:

Spanish older adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Participants:

A total of 6625 adults aged 55–75 years from the PREDIMED-Plus study with overweight or obesity and MetS.

Results:

Total DDS was inversely and statistically significantly associated with depression in the cross-sectional analysis conducted; OR Q4v. Q1 = 0·76 (95 % CI (0·64, 0·90)). This was driven by high diversity compared to low diversity (C3v. C1) of vegetables (OR = 0·75, 95 % CI (0·57, 0·93)), cereals (OR = 0·72 (95 % CI (0·56, 0·94)) and proteins (OR = 0·27, 95 % CI (0·11, 0·62)). In the longitudinal analysis, there was no significant association between the baseline DDS and changes in depressive symptoms after 2 years of follow-up, except for DD in vegetables C4v. C1 = (β= 0·70, 95 % CI (0·05, 1·35)).

Conclusions:

According to our results, DD is inversely associated with depressive symptoms, but eating more diverse does not seem to reduce the risk of future depression. Additional longitudinal studies (with longer follow-up) are needed to confirm these findings.
CUSRA2021: A Radially Anisotropic Model of the Contiguous US and Surrounding Regions by Full‐Waveform Inversion
Authors: Zhou Tong , Li Jiaqi , Xi Ziyi , Li Guoliang , Chen Min
Published: July 2022

The lithospheric structure of the contiguous US and surrounding regions offers clues into the tectonic history, including interactions between subducting slabs and cratons. In this paper, we present a new radially anisotropic shear wave speed model of the upper mantle (70–410 km) of the contiguous US and surrounding regions, constrained by seismic full‐waveform inversion. The new model (named CUSRA2021) utilizes frequency‐dependent travel time measurements, from 160 earthquake events recorded by 5,280 stations. The data coverage in eastern US is improved by incorporating more intraplate earthquakes. The final model exhibits clear and detailed shear wave speed anomalies correlating well with tectonic units such as North America Craton (high‐Vs), Cascadia subduction zones (high‐Vs), Columbia Plateau (low‐Vs), Basin and Range (low‐Vs), etc. In particular, the detailed structure of the North America Craton beneath Illinois basin is revealed. The depth of high‐Vs anomaly beneath the North America Craton correlates well with S‐to‐P receiver function and SH reflection results. Besides, the radial anisotropy in the Craton lithosphere shows a layering structure, which may relate to the process of lithospheric accretion and the origin of mid‐lithosphere discontinuities.
Why Do CMIP6 Models Fail to Simulate Snow Depth in Terms of Temporal Change and High Mountain Snow of China Skillfully?
Authors: Zhang Hongbo , Zhang Fan , Zhang Guoqing , Yan Wei
Published: July 2022

Global climate models are important tools for investigating historical and future responses of snow under climate change. However, snow simulations from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models have not been well evaluated in terms of temporal change and mountain snow, with major error sources remaining unclear. This study synthetically uses long‐term station observations, reanalysis, and remote sensing data to evaluate snow depth simulations of 31 state‐of‐the‐art CMIP6 models in both the high mountain Tibetan Plateau and other areas of China, and analyzes the sources of error. For the first‐time, the accumulated errors of precipitation and temperature of prior months are found to be crucial for explaining why CMIP6 models failed to capture trends and hotspots of snow depth change and notable time lags of the peak month. The worst snow depth performance of CMIP6 was on the Tibetan Plateau and resulted from more serious precipitation overestimates and temperature underestimates than in other regions.
The Global Surface Area Variations of Lakes and Reservoirs as Seen From Satellite Remote Sensing
Authors: Bonnema Matthew , David Cédric H. , Frasson Renato Prata de Moraes , Oaida Catalina , Yun Sang‐Ho
Published: July 2022

Natural lakes and artificial reservoirs are important components of the Earth system and essential for freshwater, food, and energy. Relatively little is known about the variations of lake and reservoir surface area globally. For the first time, this study presents the global variation of lake and reservoir surface areas for all water bodies larger than 1 km2. Using radar remote sensing, we found that global aggregate area variations were only 2% of total surface area over a 3 year period. When considering the total surface area of shoreline regions that transition between land and water, these variations equaled 20% of total lake and reservoir surface area, largely driven by variations of smaller water bodies. Additionally, surface areas of reservoirs tends to be more variable than the surface area of lakes of similar size. The large surface area variations evidenced here, could have a previously underappreciated impact on the Earth System.
A Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flash From the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption
Authors: Briggs M. S. , Lesage S. , Schultz C. , Mailyan B. , Holzworth R. H.
Published: July 2022

The Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai submarine volcano recently resumed activity. Violent eruptions on 14th and 15th January 2022 launched a tall ash plume that produced extremely high lightning rates. Here we report a terrestrial gamma‐ray flash (TGF) that was produced by the volcanic lightning and observed from space by the Fermi Gamma‐ray Burst Monitor (GBM). Observations by radio lightning networks and especially by the Geostationary Lightning Mapper show that the only lightning close enough to produce a TGF detectable by Fermi GBM was from the volcano's plume. With the observing duration of Fermi, observing a single TGF is consistent with the hypothesis that the volcanic lightning of this eruption produced TGFs at the average rate of thunderstorm lightning. The observation of a strong TGF from space also indicates that the electric field was oriented so as to accelerate electrons upward.
PTHrP promotes subchondral bone formation in TMJ-OA
Authors: Zhang Jun , Pi Caixia , Cui Chen , Zhou Yang , Liu Bo , Liu Juan , Xu Xin , Zhou Xuedong , Zheng Liwei
Published: July 2022

PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) improves the bone marrow micro-environment to activate the bone-remodelling, but the coordinated regulation of PTHrP and transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signalling in TMJ-OA remains incompletely understood. We used disordered occlusion to establish model animals that recapitulate the ordinary clinical aetiology of TMJ-OA. Immunohistochemical and histological analyses revealed condylar fibrocartilage degeneration in model animals following disordered occlusion. TMJ-OA model animals administered intermittent PTHrP (iPTH) exhibited significantly decreased condylar cartilage degeneration. Micro-CT, histomorphometry, and Western Blot analyses disclosed that iPTH promoted subchondral bone formation in the TMJ-OA model animals. In addition, iPTH increased the number of osterix (OSX)-positive cells and osteocalcin (OCN)-positive cells in the subchondral bone marrow cavity. However, the number of osteoclasts was also increased by iPTH, indicating that subchondral bone volume increase was mainly due to the iPTH-mediated increase in the bone-formation ability of condylar subchondral bone. In vitro, PTHrP treatment increased condylar subchondral bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (SMSC) osteoblastic differentiation potential and upregulated the gene and protein expression of key regulators of osteogenesis. Furthermore, we found that PTHrP-PTH1R signalling inhibits TGFβ signalling during osteoblastic differentiation. Collectively, these data suggested that iPTH improves OA lesions by enhancing osteoblastic differentiation in subchondral bone and suppressing aberrant active TGFβ signalling. These findings indicated that PTHrP, which targets the TGFβ signalling pathway, may be an effective biological reagent to prevent and treat TMJ-OA in the clinic.
Modular micro-PCR system for the onsite rapid diagnosis of COVID-19
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Quoc Mai , Wang Ming , Ann Maria Nelisha , Li Adelicia Yongling , Tan Hsih Yin , Xiong Gordon Minru , Tan Meng-Kwang Marcus , Bhagat Ali Asgar S. , Ong Catherine W. M. , Lim Chwee Teck
Published: July 2022

Effective containment of the COVID-19 pandemic requires rapid and accurate detection of the pathogen. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) remains the gold standard for COVID-19 confirmation. In this article, we report the performance of a cost-effective modular microfluidic reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and RT-loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) platform, Epidax®, for the point-of-care testing and confirmation of SARS-CoV-2. This platform is versatile and can be reconfigured either for screening using endpoint RT-PCR or RT-LAMP tests or for confirmatory tests using real-time RT-PCR. Epidax® is highly sensitive and detects as little as 1 RNA copy per µL for real-time and endpoint RT-PCR, while using only half of the reagents. We achieved comparable results with those of a commercial platform when detecting SARS-CoV-2 viruses from 81 clinical RNA extracts. Epidax® can also detect SARS-CoV-2 from 44 nasopharyngeal samples without RNA extraction by using a direct RT-PCR assay, which shortens the sample-to-answer time to an hour with minimal user steps. Furthermore, we validated the technology using an RT-LAMP assay on 54 clinical RNA extracts. Overall, our platform provides a sensitive, cost-effective, and accurate diagnostic solution for low-resource settings.
Overexposure to COVID-19 information amplifies emotional distress: a latent moderated mediation model
Authors: Feng Yi , Gu Wen , Dong Fangbai , Dong Dan , Qiao Zhihong
Published: July 2022

An infodemic has accompanied the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explores whether overexposure to COVID-19-related information amplifies emotional distress. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in China during the outbreak and after the peak of the pandemic (N = 1313). A latent moderated mediation model was built to analyze this relationship. COVID-19 information exposure was found to relate positively with emotional distress, and risk perception mediated the association between them. Additionally, psychological resilience moderated the mediating effects of risk perception. However, five factors of resilience differed in their moderating effects. This study offers theoretical and practical implications apropos clinical intervention and public health management.
Cytochrome B5 type A alleviates HCC metastasis via regulating STOML2 related autophagy and promoting sensitivity to ruxolitinib
Authors: Guo Hongrui , Liang Shuhang , Wang Yan , Zhou Shuo , Yin Dalong , Zhang Shugeng , Wang Jizhou , Wu Dehai , Ma Kun , Liu Yufeng , Sun Linmao , Ji Changyong , Li Xianying , Zhou Huanran , Yang Guangchao , Guo Xinyu , Cui Tianming , Li Zihao , Liu Yao , Wang Jiabei , Liu Lianxin
Published: July 2022

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing in the world. However, its role and underlying molecular mechanism in HCC progression remain unclear. We found that CYB5A plays a key role in HCC metastasis by inhibiting the JAK1/STAT3 pathway through binding to STOML2. CYB5A combined with STOML2 can predict the outcome of patients. To demonstrate the effect of CYB5A on JAK1 inhibitor function, we applied Ruxolitinib in metastatic tumors with high CYB5A expression and found that it slowed disease progression and prolonged survival in mice. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the Ruxolitinib effect on the metastatic ability of HCC cells in vivo and in vitro.
Periosteal stem cells control growth plate stem cells during postnatal skeletal growth
Authors: Tsukasaki Masayuki , Komatsu Noriko , Negishi-Koga Takako , Huynh Nam Cong-Nhat , Muro Ryunosuke , Ando Yutaro , Seki Yuka , Terashima Asuka , Pluemsakunthai Warunee , Nitta Takeshi , Nakamura Takashi , Nakashima Tomoki , Ohba Shinsuke , Akiyama Haruhiko , Okamoto Kazuo , Baron Roland , Takayanagi Hiroshi
Published: July 2022

The ontogeny and fate of stem cells have been extensively investigated by lineage-tracing approaches. At distinct anatomical sites, bone tissue harbors multiple types of skeletal stem cells, which may independently supply osteogenic cells in a site-specific manner. Periosteal stem cells (PSCs) and growth plate resting zone stem cells (RZSCs) critically contribute to intramembranous and endochondral bone formation, respectively. However, it remains unclear whether there is functional crosstalk between these two types of skeletal stem cells. Here we show PSCs are not only required for intramembranous bone formation, but also for the growth plate maintenance and prolonged longitudinal bone growth. Mice deficient in PSCs display progressive defects in intramembranous and endochondral bone formation, the latter of which is caused by a deficiency in PSC-derived Indian hedgehog (Ihh). PSC-specific deletion of Ihh impairs the maintenance of the RZSCs, leading to a severe defect in endochondral bone formation in postnatal life. Thus, crosstalk between periosteal and growth plate stem cells is essential for post-developmental skeletal growth.
Pinhole-seeded lateral epitaxy and exfoliation of GaSb films on graphene-terminated surfaces
Authors: Manzo Sebastian , Strohbeen Patrick J. , Lim Zheng Hui , Saraswat Vivek , Du Dongxue , Xu Shining , Pokharel Nikhil , Mawst Luke J. , Arnold Michael S. , Kawasaki Jason K.
Published: July 2022

Remote epitaxy is a promising approach for synthesizing exfoliatable crystalline membranes and enabling epitaxy of materials with large lattice mismatch. However, the atomic scale mechanisms for remote epitaxy remain unclear. Here we experimentally demonstrate that GaSb films grow on graphene-terminated GaSb (001) via a seeded lateral epitaxy mechanism, in which pinhole defects in the graphene serve as selective nucleation sites, followed by lateral epitaxy and coalescence into a continuous film. Remote interactions are not necessary in order to explain the growth. Importantly, the small size of the pinholes permits exfoliation of continuous, free-standing GaSb membranes. Due to the chemical similarity between GaSb and other III-V materials, we anticipate this mechanism to apply more generally to other materials. By combining molecular beam epitaxy with in-situ electron diffraction and photoemission, plus ex-situ atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, we track the graphene defect generation and GaSb growth evolution a few monolayers at a time. Our results show that the controlled introduction of nanoscale openings in graphene provides an alternative route towards tuning the growth and properties of 3D epitaxial films and membranes on 2D material masks.
Hepatocyte growth factor derived from senescent cells attenuates cell competition-induced apical elimination of oncogenic cells
Authors: Igarashi Nanase , Miyata Kenichi , Loo Tze Mun , Chiba Masatomo , Hanyu Aki , Nishio Mika , Kawasaki Hiroko , Zheng Hao , Toyokuni Shinya , Kon Shunsuke , Moriyama Keiji , Fujita Yasuyuki , Takahashi Akiko
Published: July 2022

Cellular senescence and cell competition are important tumor suppression mechanisms that restrain cells with oncogenic mutations at the initial stage of cancer development. However, the link between cellular senescence and cell competition remains unclear. Senescent cells accumulated during the in vivo aging process contribute toward age-related cancers via the development of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Here, we report that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a SASP factor, inhibits apical extrusion and promotes basal protrusion of Ras-mutated cells in the cell competition assay. Additionally, cellular senescence induced by a high-fat diet promotes the survival of cells with oncogenic mutations, whereas crizotinib, an inhibitor of HGF signaling, provokes the removal of mutated cells from mouse livers and intestines. Our study provides evidence that cellular senescence inhibits cell competition-mediated elimination of oncogenic cells through HGF signaling, suggesting that it may lead to cancer incidence during aging.
Proteomic analysis reveals key differences between squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas across multiple tissues
Authors: Song Qi , Yang Ye , Jiang Dongxian , Qin Zhaoyu , Xu Chen , Wang Haixing , Huang Jie , Chen Lingli , Luo Rongkui , Zhang Xiaolei , Huang Yufeng , Xu Lei , Yu Zixiang , Tan Subei , Deng Minying , Xue Ruqun , Qie Jingbo , Li Kai , Yin Yanan , Yue Xuetong , Sun Xiaogang , Su Jieakesu , He Fuchu , Ding Chen , Hou Yingyong
Published: July 2022

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) are two main histological subtypes of solid cancer; however, SCCs are derived from different organs with similar morphologies, and it is challenging to distinguish the origin of metastatic SCCs. Here we report a deep proteomic analysis of 333 SCCs of 17 organs and 69 ACs of 7 organs. Proteomic comparison between SCCs and ACs identifies distinguishable pivotal pathways and molecules in those pathways play consistent adverse or opposite prognostic roles in ACs and SCCs. A comparison between common and rare SCCs highlights lipid metabolism may reinforce the malignancy of rare SCCs. Proteomic clusters reveal anatomical features, and kinase-transcription factor networks indicate differential SCC characteristics, while immune subtyping reveals diverse tumor microenvironments across and within diagnoses and identified potential druggable targets. Furthermore, tumor-specific proteins provide candidates with differentially diagnostic values. This proteomics architecture represents a public resource for researchers seeking a better understanding of SCCs and ACs.
Milli-scale cellular robots that can reconfigure morphologies and behaviors simultaneously
Authors: Yang Xiong , Tan Rong , Lu Haojian , Fukuda Toshio , Shen Yajing
Published: July 2022

Modular robot that can reconfigure architectures and functions has advantages in unpredicted environment and task. However, the construction of modular robot at small-scale remains a challenge since the lack of reliable docking and detaching strategies. Here we report the concept of milli-scale cellular robot (mCEBOT) achieved by the heterogeneous assembly of two types of units (short and long units). Under the magnetic field, the proposed mCEBOT units can not only selectively assemble (e.g., end-by-end and side-by-side) into diverse morphologies corresponding to the unstructured environments, but also configure multi-modes motion behaviors (e.g., slipping, rolling, walking and climbing) based on the on-site task requirements. We demonstrate its adaptive mobility from narrow space to high barrier to wetting surface, and its potential applications in hanging target taking and environment exploration. The concept of mCEBOT offers new opportunities for robot design, and will broaden the field of modular robot in both miniaturization and functionalization.
Deep learning-enabled real-time personal handwriting electronic skin with dynamic thermoregulating ability
Authors: Xiang Shengxin , Tang Jiafeng , Yang Lei , Guo Yanjie , Zhao Zhibin , Zhang Weiqiang
Published: July 2022

The rapid rise of the Internet of things (IoT) have brought the progress of electronic skin (e-skin). E-skin is used to imitate or even surpass the functions of human skin. Thermoregulating is one of the crucial functions of human skin, it is significant to develop a universal way to realize e-skin thermoregulating. Here, inspired by the sweat gland structure in human skin, we report a simple method for achieving dynamic thermoregulating, attributing to the temperature of microencapsulated paraffin remains unchanged when phase change occurs. Combining with the principle of triboelectric nanogenerator, a deep learning model is employed to recognize the output signals of handwriting different letters on ME-skin, and the recognition accuracy reaches 98.13%. Finally, real-time recognition and display of handwritings are successfully implemented by the ME-skin, which provides a general solution for thermoregulating e-skin and application direction for e-skin in the field of IoT.