bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taxonomy of Cyber Threats to Application Security and Applicable Defenses
Authors: Yaokumah Winfred , Katsriku Ferdinard , Abdulai Jamal-Deen , Asante-Offei Kwame Okwabi
Published: April 2020

Application security measures are the controls within software systems that protect information assets from security attacks. Cyber attacks are largely carried out through software systems running on computing systems in cyberspace. To mitigate the risks of cyber attacks on software systems, identification of entities operating within cyberspace, threats to application security and vulnerabilities, and defense mechanisms are crucial. This chapter offers a taxonomy that identifies assets in cyberspace, classifies cyber threats into eight categories (buffer overflow, malicious software, input attacks, object reuse, mobile code, social engineering, back door, and logic bomb), provides security defenses, and maps security measures to control types and functionalities. Understanding application security threats and defenses will help IT security professionals in the choice of appropriate security countermeasures for setting up strong defense-in-depth mechanisms. Individuals can also apply these safeguards to protect themselves from cyber-attacks.
Cyber Security Operations Centre Concepts and Implementation
Authors: Agyepong Enoch , Cherdantseva Yulia , Reinecke Philipp , Burnap Pete
Published: April 2020

Cyber security operations centres (SOCs) are attracting much attention in recent times as they play a vital role in helping businesses to detect cyberattacks, maintain cyber situational awareness, and mitigate real-time cybersecurity threats. Literature often cites the monitoring of an enterprise network and the detection of cyberattacks as core functions of an SOC. While this may be true, an SOC offers more functions than the detection of cyberattacks. For example, an SOC can provide functions that focus on helping an organisation to meet regulatory and compliance requirement. A better understanding of the functions that could be offered by an SOC is useful as this can aid businesses running an in-house SOC to extend their SOC capabilities to improve their overall cybersecurity posture. The goal of this chapter is to present the basics one needs to know about SOCs. The authors also introduce readers and IT professionals who are not familiar with SOCs to SOC concepts, types of SOC implementation, the functions and services offered by SOCs, along with some of the challenges faced by an SOC.
Foreign but Familiar
Authors: Hartzell Kathryn
Published: April 2020

The global rise of the South Korean entertainment industry, commonly described as the Korean wave or hallyu, has been the subject of scholarly study because it presents a challenge to Western media hegemony. This chapter uses mixed methods to assess how hybridized genre conventions and familiar storytelling structures in South Korean television dramas create a media product that is accessible to a diverse fandom. The Korean drama fandom extends beyond Eastern Asia and the Asian diaspora, and there is a dearth of research on this larger global audience. Theories of cultural proximity are insufficient to explain a popularity that transcends culture and language. The importance of a media text's structure is also under-studied in research on fandom. By combining survey data from Korean drama fans living outside of South Korea with a critical assessment of the use of melodrama and other genre conventions in Korean dramas, this chapter argues that the shared symbolic language of genre plays an important role in building a global fanbase.
Multicultural Education
Authors: Yongo Cyd Nzyoka
Published: April 2020

Over the last five decades, multicultural education (MCE) has evolved from a national to a global phenomenon. Discussions within this chapter aim at showcasing how utilization of MCE curriculum and strategies by relevant parties such as academicians have improved socio-cultural issues, perspectives, and trends in diversity and social justice in higher education. Moreover, MCE over time has been curated to support and transform diverse populations, whose lives for varying reasons found themselves either displaced, disenfranchised, discriminated, or dehumanized. The chapter explores the various literary perspectives to get an in-depth understanding of MCE fundamentals while acknowledging that even with its benefits, critics exist, leading to discussions on the challenges and problems of MCE as well as providing solutions and recommendations. Insights on MCE trends and future research are presented with the overall conclusion that MCE is designed to transform students of all backgrounds to be equal players in the world market.
Differentiation to Accommodate Diverse Learners in the Flipped Classroom
Authors: Onodipe Grace O.
Published: April 2020

Flipping learning is an effective instructional strategy that allows for differentiation of instruction in a classroom with diverse learners. Paying particular attention to diversity of academic backgrounds and preparedness for college courses, this chapter explores differentiation strategies that could benefit a broad spectrum of learners in a flipped classroom. These differentiation strategies are at the course design and implementation levels and include differentiation strategies for pre-class preparation, in-class activities, and assessment.
A Brief Survey on Big Data in Healthcare
Authors: Bayrak Ebru Aydindag , Kirci Pinar
Published: April 2020

This article presents a brief introduction to big data and big data analytics and also their roles in the healthcare system. A definite range of scientific researches about big data analytics in the healthcare system have been reviewed. The definition of big data, the components of big data, medical big data sources, used big data technologies in present, and big data analytics in healthcare have been examined under the different titles. Also, the historical development process of big data analytics has been mentioned. As a known big data analytics technology, Apache Hadoop technology and its core components with tools have been explained briefly. Moreover, a glance of some of the big data analytics tools or platforms apart from Hadoop eco-system were given. The main goal is to help researchers or specialists with giving an opinion about the rising importance of used big data analytics in healthcare systems.
Big Data Analytics in Healthcare
Authors: Undavia Jaimin Navinchandra , Patel Atul Manubhai
Published: April 2020

The technological advancement has also opened up various ways to collect data through automatic mechanisms. One such mechanism collects a huge amount of data without any further maintenance or human interventions. The health industry sector has been confronted by the need to manage the big data being produced by various sources, which are well known for producing high volumes of heterogeneous data. High level of sophistication has been incorporated in almost all the industry, and healthcare is one of them. The article shows that the existence of huge amount of data in healthcare industry and the data generated in healthcare industry is neither homogeneous nor a simple type of data. Then the various sources and objectives of data are also highlighted and discussed. As data come from various sources, they must be versatile in nature in all aspects. So, rightly and meaningfully, big data analytics has penetrated the healthcare industry and its impact is also highlighted.
A Review on BIM and Information Technologies Research in the Construction Industry
Authors: Tezcan Omur , Akcay Cemil , Gazioglu Begum
Published: April 2020

The construction sector is in a development due to technological innovations in recent years. The innovations in information technologies change sectors very fast like telecommunication, health, and automotive, but this process is slower in the construction industry. In this study, the development of the researches in the construction sector has been examined within the framework of technological innovations. Some of the most important publications in construction information technologies, Automation in Construction and Advanced Engineering Informatics journals, have been analyzed. Publications covering the years between 2012 and 2018 related to building information modeling (BIM) and other developing areas were reviewed. The interaction between BIM and the other technological trends such as AI, machine learning, internet of things, deep learning, and 3D printing has been explored.
RFID Applications in Healthcare Systems From an Operational Perspective
Authors: Smith Alan D.
Published: April 2020

This treatise centers on media management and entrepreneurship as the healthcare industry transforms legacy systems into lean strategies that leverage RFID-related technologies with solutions to lower cost for supply chain partners and simultaneously enhance patient value. These solutions include using barcodes as a backup to more advanced media management technologies, standardization in medical processes and automation, overcoming implementation and resistance considerations, and eliminating waste in hospital inventory management systems. Successful case studies are outlined to illustrate these principles in practice.
The God of Technology
Authors: Mitroff Ian
Published: April 2020

Even though it's commonly presumed that the philosophies of religion and technology couldn't be more different from one another and therefore have little, if anything, to say to the other, this couldn't be further from the truth. In actuality, the philosophy of religion has a crucial role to play in uncovering some of our most important, taken-for-granted presumptions about technology. Indeed, there are important and interesting parallels between the three classic arguments for the existence of God and the justifications given for technology.
PLS Model Performance for Factors Influencing Student Acceptance of E-Learning Analytics Recommender
Authors: Sandhu Kamaljeet , Alharbi Hadeel
Published: April 2020

The aim of this article is to present the multivariate analyses results of the factors that influence students' acceptance and the continuance usage intention of e-learning analytics recommender systems in higher education institutions in Saudi Arabia. Data was collected from 353 Saudi Arabian university students via an online survey questionnaire. The research model was then used to examine the hypothesised relationships between user experiences of an e-learning analytics recommender system and their intentions for long-term adoption of the system. The research model was primarily based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) developed by Davis (1989) – the variables ‘perceived usefulness,' ‘perceived ease of use,' and ‘acceptance,' particularly – with ‘continuance usage intention' added as an endogenous construct, and with ‘service quality' and ‘user experience' added as external variables.
Optimization Aging Parameters of Mg Silica Aerogel Using Box-Behnken Approach
Authors: Kara İlkay Turhan , Yücel Sevil , Arıcı Muhammet
Published: April 2020

The main objective of the present study was to investigate the application of Box–Behnken design which is a type of optimization design of response surface methodology (RSM) to predict and optimize some aging condition of magnesium silica aerogel (MSA) for improving surface properties such as surface area, pore volume and pore size. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) techniques, tap density method and helium pycnometer were used to characterize aerogels. The operating conditions were optimized as a function of the molar ratio of Mg:Si (0.35, 0.50 and 0.65), aging time (24 h, 60 h and 96 h) and aging temperature (50 oC, 70 oC and 90 oC). Lack of fit test indicates that the quadratic regression model was significant with the high coefficients of determination values for all three properties. Optimized aging factors for synthesis MSA with high BET surface area, high BJH pore volume and average BJH pore size were found to be 0.5 Mg:Si molar ratio, 79.62 oC and 61.51 h, respectively. Under these conditions, magnesium silica aerogels have great properties: 734 m2.g-1 BET surface area, 0.41 cm3.g-1 BJH pore volume and 4.91 nm BJH pore size, 0.12 g.cm−3 density and 95 % porosity. Box-Behnken is useful optimization tool for production of nanoporous magnesium silica aerogel.
The Effect of Vapor Transport Annealing on FeSe Films Deposited on 2D Material
Authors: Fitriyah Nurul , Hong Ten Her , Duy Ha Thai , Mi Juinn Wei , Hsiao Yen Fu , Juang Jenh Yih
Published: April 2020

Owing to its simple crystal structure, tetragonal FeSe has been considered as a perfect candidate for investigating the interplays among the superconductivity, magnetism and structural phase transition. Previous works had revealed that superconductivity could only be seen in samples with Se deficiency for the otherwise ferromagnetic tetragonal FeSe. In this study, we investigated the effect of vapor transport annealing on the crystalline quality of FeSe films deposited on flexible muscovite (mica) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The annealing processes were conducted by sealing FeSe powder in tandem with the as-deposited FeSe films in a quartz tube. The FeSe powder was placed at a distance of about 18.5 cm from the FeSe films and the entire sealed quartz tube (about 1.2 cm in diameter) assembly was put into a Lindberg three-zone furnace and maintained a temperature gradient between the two ends of the quartz tube. The results showed that FeSe films successfully grown on flexible mica substrates and the annealing did improve the morphology and crystallinity of the films, however, the films appeared to have more inhomogeneous phases. We suspect that this might be due to uncompleted FeSe phase nucleation in non-optimum condition. The interface between the muscovite substrate and the FeSe films also could be the caused of the formation of other impurity phases, such as FeSe2 and Fe3Se4. Consequently, the obtained films exhibited only paramagnetic behaviors, and there was no sign of zero-resistance down to 2 K.
Hydroxyapatite Extracted from Fish Bone Wastes by Heat Treatment
Authors: Permatasari Hestining Ajeng , Wati Rosita , Anggraini Rista Mutia , Almukarramah Almukarramah , Yusuf Yusril
Published: April 2020

The present work demonstrates a low-cost route to produce hydroxyapatite (HAp) from fish bones (natural source) by a simple heat-treatment process. The produced HAp was characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis obtained elemental composition that confirmed the presence of Ca and P; then the Ca/P mole ratio was calculated. XRD analysis from Chanos chanos and Calarias batracus bone has produced the diffraction peaks at 31.8°, 32.1°, and 32.9° that corresponded to the HAp phase. The presence of functional groups, PO43‒ and OH‒, has been confirmed by FTIR spectra that arecharacteristics of HAp. EDX analysis has shown that the Ca/P mole ratio was similar to the Ca/P mole ratio of the HAp’s stoichiometry (1.66). But actually, not all fish bones can produce pure HAp after the heat-treatment process, such as Tylosurus crocodilus bone. Based on XRD analysis from the main diffraction peak form is a β-TCP phase
Fahr’s disease: familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification with and without extrapyramidal disorders
Authors: Castagna Alberto , Ruberto Carmen , Cerra Rosa Paola , Greco Laura , Ruotolo Giovanni
Published: April 2020

Fahr’s disease (FD), also known as familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification, is a neurodegenerative disease affecting cerebral micro vessels, mainly in the basal ganglia. It mostly presents with movement disorders, dementia and behavioral abnormalities. It is considered hereditary with an autosomal dominant transmission. Fahr’s disease is often underestimated and under diagnosed. We reported the clinical differences found in two patients with Fahr’s Disease. In particular, we described a case of Fahr’s disease with behavioral alteration with extrapyramidal movement disorders, and a rare case of Fahr’s disease with cognitive and behavioral alterations in absence of extrapyramidal movement disorders.
A preliminary investigation into the immobilising potential of a tiletamine/zolazepam mixture, metomidate, a metomidate and azaperone combination and medetomidine in ostriches (Struthio camelus)
Authors: Van Heerden J. , Keffen R. H.
Published: April 2020

Ostrich chicks (n=34) were successfully immobilised with intramuscular injections of a tiletamine/zolazepam mixture at dosages of 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg kg-¹; with metomidate at dosages of 15 and 20 mg kg-¹ and with a metomidate/azaperone combination at respectively 20 and 6,6 mg kg-¹, and 10 and 3,3 mg kg-¹. Unsatisfactory immobilisation with violent body movements and self traumatisation were observed in an adult ostrich after the intramuscular administration of a tiletamine/zolezepam mixture. Anaesthesia was achieved by the administration of metomidate in combination with azaperone. Medetomidine administered at a dosage rate of 0,1 mg kg-¹ did not result in immobilisation of ostrich chicks (n=4). Findings in ostrich chicks should not necessarily be extrapolated to adult birds.
Minivídeos tutoriales como apoyo al aprendizaje de conceptos básicos para un curso de Fundamentos de Control Automático
Authors: Arevalo V. , Vicente-del-Rey J.M. , Garcia-Morales I. , Rivas-Blanco I.
Published: April 2020

En este trabajo se presenta una iniciativa encaminada a introducir y fomentar el uso de los videotutoriales como herramienta de apoyo para el aprendizaje de los conceptos básicos del control automático en titulaciones universitarias técnicas. Los contenidos desarrollados, disponibles en el canal de YouTube denominado “Automática”, se han agrupado de acuerdo a los principales bloques conceptuales de la materia y han sido puestos a disposición del alumnado en el espacio del campus virtual de la Universidad de Málaga (UMA) asociado a 13 asignaturas impartidas por el Dpto. de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática de la UMA en los cursos académicos 2017/2018 y 2018/2019. Los resultados obtenidos a través de encuestas de opinión cumplimentadas por los estudiantes muestran la buena acogida de los mismos. Por otro lado, el cruce de los datos de uso (entendido como tiempo efectivo de reproducción) recogidos durante este periodo y las calificaciones obtenidas a través de pruebas de conocimiento diseñadas ad-hoc revelan la existencia de una relación entre el empleo del material desarrollado y la mejora del rendimiento académico de los estudiantes.
The Effect of Surface Defects on Chloride-Induced Depassivation of Iron—A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Pang Qin , DorMohammadi Hossein , Isgor O. Burkan , Árnadóttir Líney
Published: April 2020

Chloride-induced depassivation is a large contributor to the degradation of metals, but defects are likely to play a key role in that process. Here density functional theory calculations are used to investigate the mechanism of the initial stages of chloride-induced depassivation of iron by studying the Cl interactions with stepped α-Fe2O3 (0001) surfaces and how that can lead to degradation of the passive oxide film. The low coordinated Fe sites near the step edge and O vacancies facilitate high local coverages of adsorbed Cl, which enhance surface Fe vacancy formation significantly. The step edge also lowers the Cl insertion energy, relative to the flat surface, but insertion by exchange with O is still endothermic. This study illustrates the importance of surface defects, step edges, and O vacancies in the depassivation mechanism, but the findings generally support the point defect model as a description of the depassivation mechanism.
Reflexões sobre as práticas avaliativas em uma creche no município de Altamira-PA
Authors: Miléo Irlanda Do Socorro de Oliveira , Freitas Léia Gonçalves de , Oliveira Cassiane De Nazaré da Silva
Published: April 2020

Objetiva este artigo refletir sobre a avaliação na Educação Infantil, bem como identificar como essas avaliações são pensadas e organizadas no contexto do trabalho pedagógico da Creche Sonho Encantado. Neste sentido, problematizamos: como as práticas avaliativas vêm sendo compreendidas e materializadas pelas docentes no processo de ensino e aprendizagem das crianças pequenas? A metodologia envolveu aplicação de entrevista semiestruturada com três professoras e a coordenadora geral de Educação Infantil do Município ora em estudo. A fonte documental foi a ficha de avaliação adotada pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação e utilizadas pelas professoras que, em conjunto com as entrevistas, nos indicaram que essas profissionais detêm conhecimentos sobre a importância da avaliação na Educação Infantil, porém, apresentam posicionamentos e compreensões diferenciadas sobre a existência e preenchimento das fichas avaliativas e do Parecer Individual que orientam a avaliação das aprendizagens infantis; sendo que algumas aprovam e outras defendem a necessidade de ajustes quanto aos aspectos avaliados.
A brincadeira narrativa como eixo do trabalho docente: inspirações a partir de Vivian Paley
Authors: Girardello Gilka Elvira Ponzi , Souza Roberta Consiglio de
Published: April 2020

O artigo tem como ponto de partida o livro “The boy who would be a helicopter” (1991), da educadora estadunidense Vivian Gussin Paley, cujo foco é a importância das histórias, da imaginação e da brincadeira de faz de conta nas vidas das crianças, especialmente no contexto da educação infantil. O objetivo do trabalho é refletir sobre possíveis contribuições dessa obra para a prática docente em instituições de Educação Infantil, bem como inspirações metodológicas para quem trabalha com crianças de forma mais geral. Uma vez que o livro de Paley, apesar de reconhecido como um clássico pedagógico contemporâneo e muito celebrado em outros contextos, é pouco conhecido no Brasil, o artigo busca aproximá-lo da discussão educacional em nosso país, estabelecendo um diálogo entre suas principais ideias e as de autoras brasileiras que compartilham preocupações similares, como Freire, Kishimoto e Warschauer. Foi realizada uma análise de conteúdo e uma discussão teórica a partir das categorias “observação e registro”, e “brincadeira narrativa”. Fazem parte do texto traduções para o português de passagens do livro original em inglês, produzidas no contexto da pesquisa de pós-graduação em que o artigo se baseia. Como conclusão, seguindo a inspiração da obra de Vivian Paley, o estudo reforça o quanto a criação autoral de histórias e a brincadeira de faz de conta fundamentam aprendizagens significativas, tanto para crianças quanto para os adultos que convivem com elas ou que estudam a infância.
An improved TROPOMI tropospheric HCHO retrieval over China
Authors: Su Wenjing , Liu Cheng , Chan Ka Lok , Hu Qihou , Liu Haoran , Ji Xiangguang , Zhu Yizhi , Liu Ting , Zhang Chengxin , Chen Yujia , Liu Jianguo
Published: April 2020

Abstract. We present the improved retrieval of TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) tropospheric formaldehyde (HCHO) over China. The new retrieval optimizes the slant column density (SCD) retrieval and air mass factor (AMF) calculation for TROPOMI observations of HCHO over China. HCHO SCDs are retrieved using the basic optical differential spectroscopy (BOAS) technique, while AMFs are calculated with a priori HCHO profile from a higher resolution regional chemistry transport model. Compared to the operational product, the new TROPOMI HCHO retrieval shows better agreement with the ground based Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements in China. The operational product in general overestimates HCHO VCDs by 14.01 %, while the improved HCHO only shows an underestimation of 3.67 %. The improvements are mainly related to the AMF calculation with higher resolution a priori profile (61.11 %), while the SCD retrieval only shows a minor effect of 0.15 %. The improved HCHO is also used to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristic of HCHO over China. The result shows that HCHO VCDs reach maximum in summer and minimum in winter. High HCHO VCDs mainly located over populated areas, i.e., Sichuan Basin, Central and Eastern China, indicating a significant contribution of anthropogenic emissions. The result indicates the improved TROPOMI HCHO is more suitable for the analysis of regional and city scale pollution in China.
Plasma density gradients at the edge of polar ionospheric holes: the absence of phase scintillation
Authors: Jenner Luke A. , Wood Alan G. , Dorrian Gareth D. , Oksavik Kjellmar , Yeoman Timothy K. , Fogg Alexandra R. , Coster Anthea J.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Polar holes were observed in the high-latitude ionosphere
during a series of multi-instrument case studies close to the Northern
Hemisphere winter solstice in 2014 and 2015. These holes were observed
during geomagnetically quiet conditions and under a range of solar
activities using the European Incoherent Scatter
(EISCAT) Svalbard Radar (ESR) and measurements from Global Navigation
Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. Steep electron density gradients have
been associated with phase scintillation in previous studies; however, no
enhanced scintillation was detected within the electron density gradients at
these boundaries. It is suggested that the lack of phase scintillation may
be due to low plasma density levels and a lack of intense particle
precipitation. It is concluded that both significant electron density
gradients and plasma density levels above a certain threshold are
required for scintillation to occur.
At the dawn of global climate modeling: the strange case of the Leith atmosphere model
Authors: Hamilton Kevin
Published: April 2020

Abstract. A critical stage in the development of our ability to model and project
climate change occurred in the late 1950s–early 1960s when the first
primitive-equation atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) were
created. A rather idiosyncratic project to develop an AGCM was conducted
virtually alone by Cecil E. Leith starting near the end of the 1950s. The Leith
atmospheric model (LAM) appears to have been the first primitive-equation
AGCM with a hydrological cycle and the first with a vertical resolution
extending above the tropopause. It was certainly the first AGCM with a
diurnal cycle, the first with prognostic clouds, and the first to be used as
the basis for computer animations of the results. The LAM project was
abandoned in approximately 1965, and it left almost no trace in the journal literature.
Remarkably, the recent internet posting of a half-century-old computer animation
of LAM-simulated fields represents the first significant “publication” of
results from this model. This paper summarizes what is known about the
history of the LAM based on the limited published articles and reports as
well as transcripts of interviews with Leith and others conducted in the 1990s
and later.
Seismic section image detail enhancement method based on bilateral texture filtering and adaptive enhancement of texture details
Authors: Jia Xiang-Yu , DongYe Chang-Lei
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The seismic section image contains a wealth of texture
detail information, which is important for the interpretation of the
formation profile information. In order to enhance the texture detail of the
image while keeping the structural information of the image intact, a
multi-scale enhancement method based on wavelet transform is proposed.
Firstly, the image is wavelet decomposed to obtain a low-frequency
structural component and a series of high-frequency texture detail
components. Secondly, bilateral texture filtering is performed on the
low-frequency structural components to filter out high-frequency noise while
maintaining the edges of the image; adaptive enhancement is performed on the
high-frequency detail components to filter out low-frequency noise while
enhancing detail. Finally, the processed high- and low-frequency components
reconstructed by wavelets can obtain a seismic section image with
enhanced detail. The method of this paper enhances the texture detail
information in the image while preserving the edge of the image.
Políticas públicas y desarrollo regional: consideraciones exploratorias sobre el 'Programa Territorios de la Ciudadanía' (Brasil)
Authors: Krajevski Luis Claudio , Mantovaneli Júnior Oklinger , Theis Ivo Marcos
Published: April 2020

El Programa Territorios de la Ciudadanía fue creado en 2008 con miras a reducir desigualdades socioeconómicas regionales brasileñas y estandarizar algunas acciones y proyectos federales relativos a las políticas territoriales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue verificar, bajo la perspectiva de su institucionalidad, el progreso del PTC, considerando los principales retos para la consecución de sus objetivos. Para eso, se partió de una discusión acerca de políticas públicas, desarrollo y territorio, hasta otras informaciones disponibles sobre el programa. La metodología utilizada fue descriptiva, de carácter exploratorio, y se basa en investigación bibliográfica y documental. El historial referente a las políticas territoriales señala que estas no fueron prioridad para el Estado brasileño, que destacó relativamente solo en las últimas décadas. De esta manera, hay obstáculos significativos para que dichas políticas propicien un desarrollo más equitativo. Así, se concluye que hay una considerable dificultad en que el PTC alcance las metas propuestas en su creación. Además, hay una explícita limitación respecto a los intentos de estandarización de las acciones implementadas y los resultados esperados, puesto que las peculiaridades territoriales fueron ignoradas, lo que impidió la consecución de parte de los objetivos del programa.
Cambio social y cambio artístico: autonomía de la esfera artística e influencia de la estructura en la sociología de las artes
Authors: Rius-Ulldemolins Joaquim
Published: April 2020

La interpretación de la influencia del cambio social en el cambio artístico ha sido desde el inicio de la sociología una cuestión controvertida. Así, para los autores clásicos de la sociología, el arte constituía un desafío a sus teorías. Sus aportaciones teóricas constituyen contribuciones valiosas, son importantes para desarrollar una perspectiva sociológica del cambio artístico. Sin embargo, la interpretación heterónoma de lo artístico respecto a lo social, especialmente por la perspectiva postmarxista o neodurkhemiana, impone severos límites al análisis del cambio artístico, que solo será superado a partir de la conceptualización weberiana del arte como esfera social autónoma. A partir de esta base, se analizarán tres corrientes de la sociología del arte (estructuralista, interaccionista e institucionalista), que intentan desencriptar la black box que representa la influencia social en la creación artística a partir de una perspectiva mesosociológica. No obstante, el surgimiento de las orientaciones posmodernas representa un retorno estimulante pero confuso del nivel de análisis macro que vuelve a poner en tela de juicio el debate sobre autonomía y la heteronomía del arte. El análisis crítico de la aportación de cada corriente y perspectiva de la sociología del arte sobre la autonomía y la influencia de la estructura será el objeto de este artículo.
Medios de comunicación y esfera pública: el caso del tratamiento por la prensa española de las políticas públicas en torno a la ley de extranjería
Authors: Prieto-Andrés Antonio , Fernández Romero Cayetano
Published: April 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar, desde una metodología de análisis de contenido mixto, cuantitativo y cualitativo, cómo la prensa contribuye a la conformación de la esfera pública, a partir del estudio del caso del tratamiento de las políticas públicas en torno a la ley de extranjería española. Para lograrlo, se va a poner especial atención a la selección que hacen los seis diarios analizados de sus fuentes, las categorías temáticas que se presentan y los discursos predominantes, más o menos proclives al fenómeno migratorio, que prevalecen en ellos. Resultado de este estudio de caso, que abarca el periodo 2003-2016, se observará una preferencia mayoritaria de las fuentes oficiales sobre las de la sociedad civil, y una clara relación entre la tipología de las fuentes preferidas por cada uno de los seis medios analizados con las temáticas que se presentan y el tipo de discurso sobre la inmigración predominante. En definitiva, la prensa va a ejercer un papel de mera correa de transmisión de los mensajes oficiales, con lo que se pone en tela de juicio el rol mediador que aquella debería tener en una sociedad democrática, contribuyendo así decisivamente a la conformación de una esfera pública plural.
Sobre política y civilización: el terrorismo, lo político y los desafíos al orden internacional
Authors: Martini Alice
Published: April 2020

Este artículo presenta un acercamiento teórico-discursivo al terrorismo internacional, y vincula las relaciones de poder hegemónicas que constituyen el orden internacional con la formación de los discursos globales sobre terrorismo internacional. Al entender el terrorismo internacional como una construcción discursiva, el documento analiza lo que supone etiquetar un determinado tipo de violencia como “terrorismo”, y la consecuente despolitización y securitización de esta violencia. Basándonos en estas reflexiones teóricas, se argumenta que el proceso de construcción discursiva de un determinado tipo de violencia política como terrorismo internacional estandarizado a nivel global depende de las relaciones de poder que constituyen la comunidad internacional, su identidad y su legitimidad; la razón de Estado, la razón de sistema y la razón de civilización. Al partir de este plantea - miento teórico, se propone que las formaciones histórico-discursivas globales sobre terrorismo internacional se han construido alrededor de un tipo de violencia política que representaba un desafío ideológico a estas relaciones de poder, su universalidad y su legitimidad. Finalmente, se presenta una genealogía de las formaciones discursivas estandarizadas que emergieron internacionalmente en la historia contemporánea y se deconstruyen estas formaciones a través del planteamiento teórico propuesto.
La sostenibilidad social de las SATs: una propuesta de indicadores para su evaluación
Authors: Román Cervantes Cándido , Guzmán Pérez Beatriz , Mendoza Jiménez Javier , Pérez Monteverde María Victoria
Published: April 2020

Las entidades del medio rural regidas por los principios de comportamiento de la economía social podrían promover un desarrollo local sostenible en los espacios geográficos en los que se ubican, y contribuir al logro de la sostenibilidad integral a escala global. Para hacer realidad este propósito, se requieren indicadores que permitan su evaluación y seguimiento, y que contemplen los atributos específicos de las distintas familias del tercer sector. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo el planteamiento de métricas que hagan posible monitorizar el valor social para la sostenibilidad de una forma de asociacionismo agrario particular del ordenamiento jurídico español para la que aún no se han diseñado indicadores sociales específicos, las Sociedades Agrarias de Transformación (SATs). El contexto geográfico del estudio es el archipiélago canario, región ultraperiférica de la Unión Europea, e importante destino turístico internacional. De las SATs del conjunto insular, se ha tomado una como caso de estudio, y se ha utilizado la Contabilidad Social como sistema que posibilita el desarrollo de indicadores sociales específicos. La aportación esencial de este trabajo es que plantea métricas que permiten el seguimiento de la contribución a la sostenibilidad social de un grupo de entidades para la cual aún no existen. En desarrollos posteriores, tales indicadores podrían ser testados en otros entes de la misma naturaleza con el objeto de disponer de un conjunto de mínimos aplicable a esta familia de entidades de economía social.
Las plataformas colaborativas como oportunidad para la innovación social
Authors: Dieste Cobo Juan Manuel
Published: April 2020

Teniendo como punto de contacto las plataformas digitales, la interacción entre la economía colaborativa y la economía social podría generar beneficios mutuos, explotando sinergias que favorezcan su mutua consolidación. La evolución de la economía colaborativa le ha situado en un espacio intermedio entre la economía tradicional, de la que pretende ser un modelo alternativo, y formas de economía social o cooperativa. Cuando las plataformas “colaborativas” solo están diseñadas para reducir costes y maximizar beneficios se habla de “capitalismo de plataforma”, un modelo que, aunque aparentemente similar, resulta en esencia opuesto al “cooperativismo de plataforma”, otra forma de economía colaborativa que combina lo mejor de las plataformas digitales con los principios cooperativistas internacionales. La transformación de un modelo a otro es consecuencia de favorecer la propiedad compartida, la puesta en marcha de nuevos modelos de gobernanza, la participación del ciudadano productor de valor en la toma de decisiones en términos de igualdad y el reparto de los beneficios entre los usuarios. De esta forma el valor añadido del cooperativismo de plataforma es generado por todos los agentes que interactúan a través de la plataforma digital, es decir, tanto los proveedores como los usuarios, por lo que se desarrolla un proceso de cocreación interactiva y los principios y valores cooperativos promueven el empoderamiento de los prousers. Por tanto, estos valores pueden impulsar la transformación de las organizaciones desde el modelo corporativo al cooperativo, pasando por el colaborativo, lo que supondría no solo un profundo cambio económico, sino todo un cambio de paradigma sociocultural.
Reflections and Insights on Leadership Competencies in Botswana: Lessons and Experiences for African Managers
Authors: Marobela Motsomi Ndala
Published: April 2020

In Africa, leadership crisis stalls many organisations from realizing their goals and holds back people from attaining their dreams. Yet African culture is rich with experiences which draw from the wisdom of traditional leadership, with its emphasis on communality, hard work and kindness as emblematic in the spirit of Ubuntu (Botho) (van de Colff, 2003) an African philosophy which inculcates compassion and integrity. This paper reflects on insights of leadership practices in some of Botswana organisations to appreciate the challenges they face in steering the leadership pedestal and their impact in fostering organizational success. The role of leadership is examined against a set of attributes and functions. For example, articulation of vision, staff welfare, customer care and more importantly the extent to which leadership contributes towards social justice and equity is considered. The study was conducted in Gaborone, the capital city of Botswana, based on exploratory mini practical survey. This involved unstructured personal interviews with industry leaders’ from private, public and non-governmental entities, to understand their roles as leaders and explore issues that preoccupy them and appreciate the challenges they face. Key findings from this research are the realization that the intersection between scholarship and practitioners provides a powerful mediatory process of reflection for leadership learning, more especially in transformation. Leaders who reflect are constantly imagining the vision of their organisations and ways of actualizing it.
Popular Financial Reporting in Heritage and Cultural Hybrid Organizations: The First European Experience
Authors: Biancone Paolo Pietro , Secinaro Silvana , Brescia Valerio , Chmet Federico
Published: April 2020

The research objective is to highlight how the Popular Financial Reporting applied to a cultural sector can increase transparency and accountability involving citizens and members. Moreover, through the tool, it is possible giving immediate feedback on the transformation of the inputs into outputs and the absorption of resources provided by the public through funding in cultural impact. The analysis is conducted through a "Circolo dei Lettori" case study; it is a hybrid organization. The legal form is of a private foundation with public participation. The initiative of the Piedmont Region (Italy), the "Circolo dei lettori" is a cultural center. The role of the "Circolo dei Lettori" is to make melting 'pot expressive and influenced by the hurricane of stories, signals, and emotions from the digital society and revitalization of culture with presentations and meetings. The use of the resources made available is strictly linked to the sustainability of the creative industries. Therefore, an instrument that guarantees transparency, participation, and control at the same time is essential. Very often, there is not a real perception of the resources made available and of the results obtained, leading to a removal of the financing partners and the stakeholders. The integration of the theory developed through reality, together with different currents of thought in conjugation with practical evidence, is essential to define knowledge better. In particular, the analysis highlights the characteristics of the Popular Financial Reporting used for the first time in the cultural sector to increase sustainability, transparency, and accountability.
Questionnaire Development and Validation of Interlanguage Pragmatic Instructional Approaches & Techniques in EFL Contexts
Authors: Farashaiyan Atieh , Sahragard Rahman , Muthusamy Paramasivam , Muniandy Rajantheran
Published: April 2020

The present study is an attempt to describe the development and validation of an inter-language pragmatic questionnaire to examine the kind of instructional approaches and techniques that EFL teachers use to practice the pragmatic features in their classes. The research made use of two theories; cognitive processing and language socialization theories. The participants include 366 EFL Iranian instructors .The methodology part consists of two parts; instrument development and validation. Based on the exploratory factor analysis, 31 items including five separate factors emerged: pragmatic awareness-raising techniques, pragmatic communicative practice technique, pragmatic corrective feedback technique, culture teaching techniques and pragmatic instructional approaches. Therefore, a questionnaire including 31 items was developed which followed the 5-point Likert technique of scale construction where 1 shows “Never" and 5 denotes "Always". The reliability and factorial validity of the questionnaire are also illustrated. Finally, the potential theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.
Community organizations’ perspectives on the impact of a nursing student-led academic-community partnership program
Authors: Hausman-Cohen Sydney , Asamoah Nali , Yee Christina , Braun Isabel , Shick Morgan , Abdallah Amani , Morone Jennifer , Lipman Terri
Published: April 2020

Academic-community partnerships can have a direct positive impact on community partners and university students. Community Champions, a student-led program, promotes local outreach and engagement with a variety of community initiatives. The purpose of this study was to assess community partners’ perceptions of the Community Champions program to better support the goals of the community and to complement prior research evaluating the impact of the Community Champions program on university students. The study used a 27-item survey, consisting of 20 Likert-scale items and seven open-ended questions. Eighteen community partners were invited via email to complete the online survey. Quantitative responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and qualitative responses were reviewed for themes to generate future recommendations. Fourteen of the eighteen community organizations responded to the survey (78% response rate). Assessment of community partners’ perspectives were synthesized across four themes: motivations, benefits, challenges, and general satisfaction. Community partners indicated that sharing labor and resources to enhance community health goals were key factors in creating mutually beneficial partnerships. Building effective academic-community partnerships is essential to increasing student engagement, while also addressing priorities of community organizations. Academic student programs that engage the community can positively impact both the community partners and university students.
Origins of Banks and Credit Supply in Ivory Coast
Authors: Seraphin Prao Yao
Published: April 2020

This paper provides an empirical assessment of the relationship between banking origins and the supply of credit in Ivory Coast. The analysis focuses on 14 banks composed of local banks, African banks and foreign banks outside Africa. The study covers the period from 2000 to 2016. Using the panel data approach, we show that local banks positively influence the supply of credit unlike foreign and African banks. Foreign banks, on the other hand, have a negative influence on the supply of credit in Ivory Coast. In addition, the results highlight the positive impact of growth and market share on the supply of credit to the private sector. On the other hand, the size of banks and the inflation rate are unfavourable to the supply of credit in Ivory Coast. The study suggests that local banks should be strengthened so that they can provide more financing to the Ivorian economy.
Pre-treatment lost to follow-up tuberculosis patients, Chongwe, Zambia, 2017: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chilembo M. , Oguri S. , Matsuoka Y. , Ota M. , Musiankuni P. , Kabungo J.
Published: April 2020

Setting: Four tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic health facilities of the Chongwe District, Zambia.Objective: To determine the frequency of bacteriologically confirmed TB patients lost to follow-up (LTFU) before treatment from January to December 2017.Design:
This is a retrospective cohort study involving the review of TB registers. Information on presumptive TB patients who tested positive either by smear microscopy or Xpert® MTB/RIF assay was extracted from the laboratory TB registers of the TB diagnostic facilities and cross-matched
with the TB treatment registers of TB treatment facilities.Results: Two hundred and seventeen bacteriologically confirmed TB patients were found in the laboratory TB registers. Of these, 145 (67%) were males and seven (3%) were children; 177 (81%) patients were diagnosed using Xpert,
while the remaining 40 (19%) were diagnosed using sputum smear microscopy. A total of 71 (33%) were not linked to treatment. Those diagnosed using smear microscopy were 2.5 times (95% CI 1.1–5.3) more likely to be LTFU before treatment than those diagnosed using Xpert.Conclusion:
About one third of TB patients who were not linked to treatment could potentially extend the duration of bacilli transmission in their communities. National TB control programmes should consider including LTFU patients before treatment in routine monitoring and evaluation.