bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ionic liquid based surfactant-free microemulsion as a new protocol for preparation of visible light active poly(methyl methacrylate)/TiO2 nanocomposite
Authors: Salabat Alireza , Mirhoseini Behnia Sadat , Mirhoseini Farid
Published: July 2024

The practical application of sensitized TiO2 nanocomposites is very satisfying due to their high photon utilization in visible light, simple recovery without affecting the photocatalytic performance, high energy efficiency, low potential environmental risk, and low operational costs. The objective of this study is developing the ionic liquid (IL)-based surfactant-free microemulsion, as a soft template, for preparation of a novel type of sensitized poly(methyl methacrylate)/TiO2 nanocomposite (PMMA/TiO2/IL). For this purpose, a series of visible light-responsive PMMA/TiO2/IL transparent nanocomposites were prepared in microemulsion composed of methyl methacrylate monomer, 1-buthyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF4]), and 1-buthanol as amphi-solvent. Techniques such as diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS)), attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) were used to characterize prepared nanocomposites. Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange dye under visible light illumination, as an application in wastewater treatment, with the investigation of the influence of TiO2 content in the nanocomposite, pH, and nanocomposite reusability on photodegradation efficiency was studied and maximum value of 93.9% obtained at optimum conditions. The FESEM analysis indicated that the utilization of a relatively low amount of ionic liquid and also in absence of the surfactant ensures the monodispersity of the visible light sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles in the polymer matrix.
Durable medical pure titanium superhydrophobic surface: preparation and performance analysis
Authors: Guan Xiaoya , Peng Yi , Wu Bing , You Hang , Yang Chong
Published: July 2024

A novel method for enhancing wear and corrosion resistance by altering the crystalline phase through heat treatment.
Ion-combination specific effects driving the enzymatic activity of halophilic alcohol dehydrogenase 2 from Haloferax volcanii in aqueous ionic liquid solvent mixtures
Authors: Schindl Alexandra , Hagen M. Lawrence , Cooley Isabel , Jäger Christof M. , Warden Andrew C. , Zelzer Mischa , Allers Thorsten , Croft Anna K.
Published: July 2024

Cooperative ion–ion interactions drive the selectivity of ion–protein interactions for the halophilic protein ADH in aqueous solutions, with water molecules tightly bound to acidic residues playing an influential role.
Integrated magneto-plasmonic nanostructures-based immunoassay for galectin-3 detection
Authors: Fateixa Sara , Martins Ana L. F. , Colaço Beatriz , António Maria , Daniel-da-Silva Ana L.
Published: July 2024

A sensitive and selective method for detecting galectin-3 using bioconjugated plasmonic and magneto-plasmonic structures via SERS was developed.
Triazine-structured covalent organic framework nanosheets with inherent hydrophilicity for the highly efficient and selective enrichment of glycosylated peptides
Authors: Yang Shi-Shu , Jiang Yu-Heng , Zhang Xuan , Liu Li-Hong , Liu Si , Zhang Hua
Published: July 2024

2-D NENP-1 nanosheets were explored as efficient materials for the capture of glycopeptides from biosamples in proteomic analysis.
A dinuclear nickel peroxycarbonate complex: CO2 addition promotes H2O2 release
Authors: Lillo Hayley L. , Buss Joshua A.
Published: July 2024

Nickel coordination compounds featuring Ni–O bonds are key structural motifs in both bioinorganic and synthetic chemistries.
Transition-metal-like coordination chemistry of dicoordinate borylenes with organic azides
Authors: Witte Robert , Kar Sourav , Radacki Krzysztof , Härterich Marcel , Rang Maximilian , Michel Maximilian , Mihm Cornelius , Czernetzki Corinna , Brückner Tobias , Beck Eva , Lutz Sarah , Dewhurst Rian D. , Braunschweig Holger
Published: July 2024

A series of borylene-organoazide complexes have been synthesized from the reactions of dicoordinate borylenes and organoazides.
On the nature of Cu–carbon interaction through N-modification for enhanced ethanol synthesis from syngas and methanol
Authors: Yang Mingxue , Bai Bing , Bai Hui , Wei Zhongzeng , Cao Haojie , Zuo Zhijun , Gao Zhihua , Vinokurov Vladimir A. , Zuo Jianping , Wang Qiang , Huang Wei
Published: July 2024

The N-enhanced Cu–carbon interaction facilitates ethanol synthesis from syngas and methanol due to the promoted electron transfer.
Tracking the reaction networks of acetaldehyde oxide and glyoxal oxide Criegee intermediates in the ozone-assisted oxidation reaction of crotonaldehyde
Authors: DeCecco Alec C. , Conrad Alan R. , Floyd Arden M. , Jasper Ahren W. , Hansen Nils , Dagaut Philippe , Moody Nath-Eddy , Popolan-Vaida Denisia M.
Published: July 2024

A jet stirred reactor in conjunction with molecular beam mass spectrometry is used to understand the chemistry of acetaldehyde oxide and glyoxal oxide Criegee intermediates.
Synergistic co-adsorptive removal of crystal violet and chromium(vi) from water by pozzolan-charcoal based geopolymer composites
Authors: Mboka Jacques Madiba , Tamaguelon Hermann Dzoujo , Shikuku Victor Odhiambo , Tome Sylvain , Pokeya Romain , Njouond Donald Kamdem , Titini Fidele Gallo , Limon Aysenur , Janiak Christoph , Dika Marchand Manga , Etoh Marie Annie , Dina David Joh Daniel
Published: July 2024

In this study, the geopolymer composites GP0, GP7.5-CP, and GP10-CP were synthesized using mixtures of pozzolan (Pz) and waste charcoal powders (CP) as precursors with CP mass contents of 0, 7.5 and 10%, respectively.
Gas phase electronic structure of the DTDCTB small-molecule donor for vacuum-processed organic photovoltaics compared to its constituent building blocks
Authors: Guarnaccio Ambra , Brumboiu Iulia Emilia , Grazioli Cesare , Zhang Teng , Johansson Fredrik O. L. , Coreno Marcello , de Simone Monica , Puglia Carla
Published: July 2024

Experimental and calculated gas phase photoemission and photoabsorption spectra of DTDCTB small-molecule donor compared to DPTA and BTD building blocks.
The coupling reaction of epoxides with carbon dioxide catalyzed by functional cross-linked polystyrenes and metal salts/functional polystyrenes systems
Authors: Zhang Zhichao , Guan Anqi , Yu Jingyi , Jiang Xindong , Han Shuang , Wen Zhaoyang , Du Beiying , Song Baiyang
Published: July 2024

A series of functional cross-linked polystyrenes was synthesized by the free radical copolymerization of divinylbenzene with functional styrenes and utilized as heterogeneous catalysts for the coupling of epoxides with CO2.
Metal–organic framework-derived bimetallic oxides as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries: a mini review
Authors: Guan Yingchun , Guo Zichen , Zhou Shengjun , Chen Zhanpeng , Xu Kang , Zhang Xiaoke , Lin Xiaoming , Wu Yongbo
Published: July 2024

This review summarizes the MOF-derived bimetallic oxides as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
Atropisomeric 1-phenylbenzimidazoles affecting microtubule organization: influence of axial chirality
Authors: Pospíšilová Jana , Heger Tomáš , Kurka Ondřej , Kvasnicová Marie , Chládková Anna , Nemec Ivan , Rárová Lucie , Cankař Petr
Published: July 2024

Axially chiral benzimidazoles affects microtubule organization.
Analysis of the adhesion mechanism of functionalized carbon nanotubes by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Lu Mingyue , Wu Yanyan , Li Yang , Ding Li , Dai Zhendong , Gu Qinming
Published: July 2024

Although a lot of research has been carried out on the adhesion mechanism of gecko bristles, the research on the adhesion mechanism of materials inspired by gecko bristles is still unclear.
Impact of coating particles on liquid marble lifetime: reactor engineering approach to evaporation
Authors: Saczek Joshua , Murphy Koren , Zivkovic Vladimir , Putranto Aditya , Pramana Stevin S.
Published: July 2024

Direct comparison between the experimental lifetimes and values obtained by the reactor engineering approach for various liquid marbles.
Optimal scheduling of the stand‐alone micro grids considering the reliability cost
Authors: Nargeszar Ayoub , Ghaedi Amir , Nafar Mehdi , Simab Mohsen
Published: July 2024

In order to prevent wastage of generated power of renewable resources, the energy storage systems can be utilized in the stand‐alone micro grids to store the excess produced power of the renewable generation units. When the generated power of the renewable resources is less than the required load, the energy storage systems can help to compensate all or part of the power shortage. In the current study, a stand‐alone micro grid including wind and tidal turbines, PV systems, batteries and fuel‐based generation units is considered to supply the required load of the micro grid. The generated power of each dispatch‐able generation units is determined in such a way as to minimize the operating cost. In the operating cost of the micro grid, the operating cost of the fuel‐based generation units and the reliability cost associated to the penalty of the curtailed loads are considered. To calculate the reliability cost of the micro grid, a comprehensive reliability evaluation of the micro grid considering the resource‐dependent failure rates for all composed components is performed. To study the effectiveness of the proposed reliability‐based scheduling approach, the numerical results associated to a stand‐alone micro grid containing wind, tidal, PV and fuel‐based generation units connected to the batteries are given.
Power cable monitoring method based on UHF‐RFID and deep learning in edge computing environment
Authors: Gu Xiongfei , Shang Jian , Shen Changlu
Published: July 2024

This research addresses the challenge faced by most existing prediction methods in handling nonlinear data of cables. Furthermore, it proposes a novel power cable monitoring method utilizing UHF‐RFID and deep learning within an edge computing environment, specifically targeting the currently suboptimal wireless monitoring of cables. First, based on edge computing, a power cable monitoring system is designed to migrate the analysis of massive data to the edge of the network to improve the monitoring efficiency. Then, the temperature sensing chip and RFID chip were integrated to design a UHF‐RFID temperature tag, which was fixed at the cable temperature measurement point to achieve passive wireless monitoring of the cable. Finally, the parameters of the GRNN model are optimized using the beetle antennae search algorithm, and the EEMD decomposed data is input into the BAS‐GRNN model for learning to output temperature prediction results. Based on the establishment of an experimental platform, the method was demonstrated, and results showed that the maximum error between the UHF‐RFID temperature tag temperature measurement results and the thermocouple was within 0.3°C, and the average relative error of the proposed method was only 0.01, which can meet the accuracy requirements of actual monitoring of power cables.
Refus de transfusion
Authors: Ferrié Scarlett-May , Aimé Charlotte , Berthiau Denis , Foureur Nicolas
Published: July 2024

Nineteen people refusing a blood transfusion in anticipation of thoracic surgery were met at the Clinical Ethics Center (AP-HP, Paris, France). The article reflects on the right place that respect for autonomy plays in medical decisions regarding (non)transfusion when medical practice would recommend it. Three patient profiles emerge: “categorical refusals”, “refusals while affirming the need to live” and “refusals accompanied by doubt”. Without neglecting the arguments relating to other principles of biomedical ethics (beneficence, non-maleficence, justice), the idea is to enable healthcare professionals to better assess the different situations they face and in particular those in which respect for autonomy seems essential. If the majority of people concerned by the issue are Jehovah’s Witnesses, and although this religion is sometimes stigmatized, this work sheds light on the place of their wishes hold in medical decisions on (non)transfusion. Healthcare professionals could contact ethics units and ask them to carry out this same assessment in their own different.
« ReNAissance » des biothérapies par ARN
Authors: Pitard Bruno , Pitard Irène
Published: July 2024

Nombre de maladies ont pour origine une absence d’expression ou une expression défectueuse d’une protéine donnée. Pour certaines d’entre elles, la protéine faisant défaut est circulante et peut être captée par les cellules lorsqu’elle est délivrée de façon exogène. Dans ce cas, les thérapies ont d’abord consisté en l’administration de la protéine thérapeutique extraite de tissus humains. Par la suite, le génie génétique a permis la production des protéines par fermentation de cellules après y avoir introduit le gène correspondant. Pour beaucoup d’autres maladies, la protéine faisant défaut ne peut être délivrée de façon exogène. Une production endogène de la protéine thérapeutique, par les cellules elles-mêmes est donc nécessaire. La technologie de l’ARN messager (ARNm), comme celle la précédant de l’ADN, se propose de supplémenter, au cœur des cellules, l’information génétique nécessaire pour produire elles-mêmes la protéine thérapeutique. Cependant, contrairement aux thérapies utilisant l’ADN, le transfert d’ARNm permet une expression transitoire de la protéine d’intérêt ce qui constitue un avantage dans nombre de maladies. La maîtrise de la quantité, de la qualité et de la régulation spatio-temporelle de la production d’une protéine codée par l’ARNm thérapeutique représente, néanmoins, un défi important pour le développement de cette approche.
L’intestin, lanceur d’alerte, dans les prémices de la maladie de Parkinson
Authors: Hazart Doriane , Rolli-Derkinderen Malvyne , Delhomme Brigitte , Derkinderen Pascal , Oheim Martin , Ricard Clément
Published: July 2024

Le système nerveux entérique (SNE), souvent qualifié de « deuxième cerveau », joue un rôle crucial dans la régulation des fonctions digestives. Des dysfonctionnements du SNE sont associés à diverses maladies telles que la maladie de Parkinson. Des études récentes suggèrent que les troubles digestifs précoces, notamment la constipation chronique, pourraient être des signes avant-coureurs de cette maladie neurodégénérative. L’imagerie tridimensionnelle du SNE offre de nouvelles perspectives pour un diagnostic précoce via notamment l’analyse de biopsies intestinales. Ce nouvel axe de recherche soulève des questions sur l’origine intestinale de la maladie de Parkinson et ouvre la porte à une meilleure compréhension et une prise en charge anticipée de cette maladie.
Versorgungskonzepte für Kinder und Jugendliche mit extremer und/oder
genetischer Adipositas
Authors: Zorn Stefanie , Schirmer Melanie , von Schnurbein Julia , Brandt Stephanie , Göpel Eric , Stein Robert , Wiegand Susanna , Körner Antje , Kühnen Peter , Wabitsch Martin
Published: July 2024

Kinder und Jugendliche mit extremer und/oder genetischer Adipositas benötigen
aufgrund des chronisch-rezidivierenden und progressiven Charakters der
Adipositas eine langfristige und kontinuierliche Betreuung und Behandlung. Ziel
dieser Arbeit ist es, ein strukturiertes Versorgungs- und Behandlungskonzept für
Kinder und Jugendliche mit extremer und/oder genetischer Adipositas
vorzustellen, welches den speziellen Anforderungen und Bedürfnissen dieser
Patientengruppe entspricht. Kinder und Jugendliche mit extremer und/oder
genetischer Adipositas sollten strukturiert und kontinuierlich nach dem „Chronic
Care Model“ in spezialisierten Behandlungszentren in enger Zusammenarbeit mit
niedergelassenen Arztpraxen versorgt und behandelt werden. Das Wissen über die
zugrundeliegenden molekularbiologischen Mechanismen der Regulation von Hunger
und Sättigung, des Körpergewichts und letztlich der Entstehung der Adipositas
ermöglichen einen personalisierten Behandlungsansatz. Individualisierte,
multimodale Behandlungsansätze sind die Grundlage für eine langfristige und
effektive Behandlung der Adipositas bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit extremer
und/oder genetischer Adipositas. Neue pharmakologische Therapiemöglichkeiten,
wie Inkretin-basierte Medikamente für Jugendliche mit extremer Adipositas oder
speziell entwickelte Mechanismus-basierte Medikamente für Personen mit
genetischer Adipositas, stellen einen bedeutenden Fortschritt im chronischen
Gewichtsmanagement und eine effektive Ergänzung zu individuellen, multimodalen
Lebensstilinterventionen dar.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Coumarin Derivatives Bearing a Sulfonamide Moiety as Antiviral and Antibacterial Agent
Authors: Bai Song , Li Miao , Liu Lin , Wu Rong , Tang Shouyin , Wan Suran , Wang Fang , Wei Xian , Chen Lijun , Xu Shunyi
Published: July 2024

Twenty novel 4-bromocoumarin derivatives bearing a sulfonamide moiety were designed and synthesized. Their antiviral and antibacterial activities were systematically evaluated. The test results show that all the target compounds possess moderate to excellent antiviral and antibacterial activities. Among all target compounds, one compound exhibited good antiviral activity against TMV, CMV, and PVY, which is superior to ribavirin. Moreover, two target compounds exhibited good in vitro antibacterial activity against Psa, with an EC50 value of 44.9 mg/L and 49.3 mg/L, respectively, which were better than thiodiazole copper and zinc thiazole, with an EC50 value of 56.3 mg/L and 50.2 mg/L, respectively. The results provide insights for the development of multifunctional pesticides.
Novel composite could vastly improve thermophotovoltaic systems
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: July 2024

Neural network identifies novel material that could help power future green engines from hybrid electric vehicles on Earth to spacecraft for deep space exploration.
Simulations of nozzle gas flow and gas-puff Z-pinch implosions on the Weizmann Z-pinch
Authors: Tangri V. , Queller T. , Kroupp E. , Dasgupta A. , Rosenzweig G. , Giuliani J. L. , Maron Y.
Published: July 2024

We present simulations of an oxygen gas puff Z-pinch on a University scale generator at the Weizmann Institute of Science. The work accounts for the detailed geometry of the nozzle, the initial neutral gas density distribution, and the subsequent implosion. The modeling results show significant improvement with data for the current at the time of stagnation in comparison with a previous effort [Rosenzweig et al., Phys. Plasmas 27, 022705 (2020)]. As a first step, we performed simulations of the flow of neutral diatomic oxygen from a plenum through a nozzle within a recessed cathode, across a gap, and into the anode with a recessed grounded honeycomb. These simulations show an agreement with the measured initial gas density profiles within the region not blocked by the recesses and accessible to visible measurements. The computed neutral gas flow profile serves as the initial condition for a radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the implosion using the MACH2-TCRE code. By considering the specific details of the nozzle and chamber geometry, we find agreement with the measured current profile, including the inductive notch. The simulations predict that the plasma undergoes a strong pinch within the hidden anode recess. The simulations also predict the strongest radiation pulse occurs within the anode recess and at the time of the observed inductive notch.
Suction influence on magneto-convective fluid flow embedded in a permeable media under internal friction
Authors: Revathi R. , Poornima T.
Published: July 2024

This work examines the natural convection flow of an incompressible, viscous, and electrically conducting fluid down a vertical flat plate in the presence of conduction, as well as the effects of suction, magnetic field, viscous dissipation, porous medium, and heat generation. The governing momentum and energy equations have numerical solutions. The impacts of suction, heat production, magnetic, porosity, and viscous dissipation parameters on two-dimensional flow are discussed. Graphical representations of the velocity profile, temperature distribution, skin friction, rate of heat transfer, and surface temperature distribution are shown. The presence of porous media and improving suction values improves the friction drag but diminishes the energy transfer. The thermal production parameter raises the energy inside the flow but diminishes the heat transfer coefficient. This work attempts to offer important insights into these intricate processes by examining the effects of controlling factors including magnetic fields, porous medium, and suction parameters. This research conclusion may find applications in coolers, heat exchangers, and environmental remediation technologies that are more effective, advancing engineering and sustainable practices.
Sub-kilohertz linewidth free-running monolithic cavity VECSEL with 10−12 stability
Authors: Moriya P. H. , Lee M. , Hastie J. E.
Published: July 2024

We report the development of a compact, highly stable, monolithic-cavity, GaInP/AlGaInP-based vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL) with electronically tunable emission wavelength centered at 689.4425 nm for neutral strontium (Sr)-based applications. The output power reaches 40 mW (pump-power-limited) with ultra-low frequency and intensity noise performance resulting in a free-running linewidth of 720 Hz, reduced to 390 Hz when frequency locked to a reference cavity and verified via a heterodyne beat note measurement with 2 s averaging time. For shorter averaging times (0.1 ms), the free-running linewidth is as low as 40 Hz. We estimate a Lorentzian, or intrinsic, linewidth of 64 mHz from the frequency noise power spectral density at high frequencies, thus providing further evidence of the ultra-narrow fundamental linewidth of VECSELs. High frequency stability was measured via Allan deviation resulting in 1.05 × 10−12 at 2 s and 2.11 × 10−13 at 7 s averaging times when the 689 nm monolithic cavity VECSEL is free-running and locked, respectively, suitable for neutral Sr-based quantum technologies, such as optical clocks and atom interferometry.
Research on the mechanism of acoustic radiation characteristics of granular assemblies
Authors: Zhang Shengwu , Chen Zhimin , Zhang Yuanchao , Xu Wei , Wang Chiming
Published: July 2024

To study the acoustic radiation characteristics of forced vibration of granular assemblies, the acoustic radiation model of a single particle and the acoustic radiation model of granular assemblies are established. Combined with experimental verification, the variation law of radiated sound power in the process of forced vibration of granular assemblies is studied. The effects of vibration characteristics, material characteristics, mass characteristics, and distance characteristics on the acoustic radiation of forced vibration of granular assemblies are explored. The radiation range of radiated ultrasound in the process of forced vibration of granular assemblies is analyzed. The research results show that under the condition of forced vibration, the radiated sound power of the granular assemblies is obvious. The internal vibration of the granular assemblies will cause the granular particles to radiate the sound power of multiple frequencies outward. The granular particles will produce obvious ultrasonic sound power in the violent vibration state. The frequency of the sound wave will generally have a significant attenuation effect at 10 cm. Considering the relevant experimental research and engineering application of granular materials, the ultrasonic radiation characteristics should be analyzed to avoid the influence of ultrasonic radiation caused by its severe vibration.
Analysis of drop-on-demand printing characteristics and stability driven by inertial forces
Authors: Tang Shengchang , Wei Xiangfu , Huang Guangyong , Dai Peng , Cai Yongchao , Sun Cuimin , You Hui
Published: July 2024

As the core technology in the field of microdroplet related applications, researchers have been striving to develop new driving methods and improve the stability of inkjet printing technology to meet the diverse needs of various materials and applications. In this study, a novel, simple, and cost-effective droplet printing method based on inertial force driving is proposed, and its printing characteristics and stability are investigated through experimental and numerical simulation studies. A numerical model was developed to explore the effects of operating parameters and fluid properties on the printing process. The results showed that for a given fluid, it is easier to form satellite droplets when driven from a smaller nozzle with higher voltage and pulse width. The hydrophilic nature of the nozzle can suppress the formation of satellite droplets, but it is prone to retain liquid, thereby affecting the next printing effect. Under certain operating conditions, fluids with lower density, higher viscosity, and higher surface tension are difficult to be driven but can suppress the formation of satellite droplets and promote printing stability. Finally, a parameter space composed of dimensionless numbers Op representing operating parameters and Z representing fluid properties (reciprocal of the Oh number) was established to investigate the comprehensive influence on the printing. The correctness of this parameter space in guiding the selection of parameters for stable droplet printing was validated through experiments.
Effects of nozzle diameter on marine fuel injection and deflagration performance
Authors: Lin Jin , Jia Jia , Lu Shouxiang , Xu Mingjun
Published: July 2024

The marine fuel injection and deflagration performance with different nozzle diameters in large compartments are researched in this work. The results show that marine fuel could quickly form a stable fuel spray field. Increasing nozzle diameter dramatically enhances the fuel spray concentration and aggravates the fuel spray deflagration degree, resulting in rapid increases in flame propagation speed, deflagration overpressure, and deflagration temperature. A larger nozzle diameter causes the deflagration flame to propagate further forward. With the increase of deflagration time, the flame propagation speed shows a trend of first rising and then decreasing, with fluctuations. When the nozzle diameter is small, the overpressure declines toward the back. In the case of large nozzles (≥0.8 mm), the overpressure distribution in the compartment fluctuates greatly, with a tendency to increase first and then decrease. Furthermore, deflagration peak overpressure ascends linearly with the logarithm of fuel spray concentration. The peak deflagration overpressure is 1.875 MPa with 1.0 mm nozzle diameter. The deflagration temperature is highest at the center of the deflagration. The research results can guide the assessment and prevention of fire and deflagration accidents on ships.
Localized surface plasmon-enhanced nanorod micro-LEDs with Ag nanoparticles embedded in insulating and planarizing spin-on glass
Authors: Fang Aoqi , Liu Jixin , Du Zaifa , Tang Penghao , Xie Yiyang , Guo Weiling , Xu Hao , Sun Jie
Published: July 2024

To enhance the emission of GaN-based Micro-LEDs (μLEDs), we etched uniform nanorods (NRs) on the μLED surface and filled the nanorod gaps with spin-on glass (SOG) containing mixed Ag nanoparticles (NPs). The nanorod structure creates a conducive environment for close interaction between Ag NPs and quantum wells (QWs), facilitating the coupling of Ag NPs as localized surface plasmons (LSPs) with the QWs to enhance light emission. The SOG acts as an insulating layer between Ag NPs and NRs, preventing electron leakage, while also serving as a planarization material for the nanorod structure. This configuration allows for the fabrication of a planar Indium Tin Oxide layer without short-circuiting the nanorod structure. Compared to traditional planar Micro-LEDs, NR-μLEDs with SOG-encased Ag NPs exhibit a 50% increase in electroluminescence (EL) intensity and a 56% increase in photoluminescence (PL) intensity. This work paves the way for broader applications of LSP in μLEDs.
Flow characteristics of a low-head and high-discharge hydraulic turbine under various operating conditions
Authors: Xue Ling , Su Xianghui , Cui Baoling , Zhu Zuchao
Published: July 2024

A low-head and high-discharge hydraulic turbine holds significant potential for energy recovery across various engineering applications, owing to its capacity to manage substantial flows. However, the intricate mechanisms of energy loss within this turbine, particularly concerning its impeller and discharge tube, have received limited investigation. In this study, we present a comprehensive examination of the energy dissipation mechanisms, flow characteristics, and streamwise vorticity of the low-head and high-discharge hydraulic turbine. Utilizing the enstrophy dissipation theory, we conducted analyses under diverse operational conditions. Our findings reveal that energy dissipation predominantly occurs within the impeller and discharge tube. Volume enstrophy dissipation power contributes to over 80% of the total hydraulic loss under three flow rate conditions. Flow separation and intricate turbulence patterns emerge as primary factors contributing to energy loss within the impeller, while backflow and turbulence are that in the discharge tube. The regions with high energy loss in impeller is near the leading and trailing edges and in the discharge tube that is around the entrance.
Real-time vacuum plume flow field reconstruction during lunar landings based on deep learning
Authors: Zhou Ziheng , He Bijiao , Cai Guobiao , Weng Huiyan , Wang Weizong , Liu Lihui , Shang Shengfei , Zhang Baiyi
Published: July 2024

In space missions, the vacuum plume generated by rocket engines can negatively impact spacecraft. Therefore, researching the vacuum plume is crucial to guarantee the regular operation of spacecraft. The conventional numerical simulation methodology, the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, is time-consuming and lacks real-time calculation capabilities. Recently, deep learning (DL) methods have emerged in the field of fluid dynamics. In this study, a DL model trained by a convolutional neural network with multiple decoders is introduced to predict the vacuum plume flow field during lunar landings. The network processes shape topology information and boundary conditions as inputs, yielding flow field data including velocity and pressure fields as outputs. Meanwhile, the flow field prediction results under different conditions and training methods are discussed. The results show that the predicted flow field under different lunar surface conditions is in accord with the DSMC results. The maximum mean and standard deviation errors of the data distribution of each flow field do not exceed 9.72% and 9.07%, respectively. Different training methods with flat and inclined lunar surfaces also have an impact on the prediction results. Compared with the DSMC method, the DL method exhibits higher efficiency with a speedup of about four orders of magnitude, indicating that the DL-based flow field reconstruction method has strong application prospects in the real-time computation of vacuum plume flow fields.
An advanced Polynomial Chaos Expansion method for sensitivity analysis of aero-engine fuel gear pumps
Authors: Zhao Zhijie , Liu Xianwei , Zheng Xuebo , Fu Jiangfeng
Published: July 2024

Global sensitivity analysis plays an important role in robustness optimization design of aero-engine fuel gear pumps to investigate how input parameters uncertainties contribute to performances uncertainties. In this paper, inspired by the Leave-One-Out method, an advanced Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE) method equipped with Adaptive design of both training Points and polynomial Order, denoted as APO-PCE, is proposed to efficiently estimate the variance-based sensitivity indices. A novel active learning strategy is developed for identifying the optimal candidate sample point to adaptively design training points and simultaneously update the polynomial order. Input parameters, including rotational speed, inlet pressure, outlet pressure, and gear tip clearance, are reasonably characterized as nine convenient sampling Gaussian variables by probabilistic modeling and Karhuben–Loève expansion. The results show that the proposed APO-PCE method is superior to the classical PCE method, and the uncertainties of rotational speed, inlet pressure, and outlet pressure are the main factors for the uncertainties of supply performances and flow field characteristics, while the gear tip clearance uncertainty only affects the flow loss at lower rotational speed.
Effects of specular reflectance in laser-induced breakdown of metals
Authors: Qiu Yan , Shi Mingxin , Zhou Ying , Wu Jian , Li Yongdong , Li Xingwen
Published: July 2024

We investigate the effects of specular reflection on the laser-induced breakdown (LIB) of copper, iron, and tungsten using fast photography and optical emission spectroscopy. The laser parameters include spot diameter ranging from 30.89 to 1589.33 μm, irradiance from 467.10 to 0.17 GW/cm2, with a single pulse of 6 ns duration and 21 mJ energy. As the laser spot defocuses, the plasma morphology changes from a single plasma near the target surface to a separated, independently evolving two-component plasma, and then to a single plasma suspended above. The defocusing distance for this transition is significantly influenced by specular reflectance. The separate plasma, comprising of a metallic component and an air component, occurs only under high specular reflectance conditions: ≥66.7% for copper, ≥51.4% for iron, and ≥44.9% for tungsten. The spectral emission of the metallic component initially increases and then decreases with reducing specular reflectance, due to a trade-off between enhanced surface absorption and reduced irradiance caused by surface roughening. LIB threshold irradiance increases with specular reflectance, rising from 0.31 to 1.22 GW/cm2 for copper, 0.24 to 0.70 GW/cm2 for iron, and 0.38 to 0.87 GW/cm2 for tungsten. These findings show the impact of sample pretreatment on LIB ignition and subsequent plasma evolution, offering insights into potential sources of inaccuracy in LIB applications.
Gate breakdown induced stuck bits in sub-20 nm FinFET SRAM
Authors: Sun Qian , Chi Yaqing , Guo Yang , Liang Bin , Tao Ming , Wu Zhenyu , Guo Hongxia , Zheng Qiwen , Chen Wangyong , Gao Yulin , Zhao Peixiong , Li Xingji , Chen Jianjun , Luo Deng , Sun Hanhan , Fang Yahao
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses the stuck bits induced by the gate breakdown of PMOS in the sub-20 nm FinFET static random access memory (SRAM) device. After the heavy-ion experiment, several stuck bits are in the FinFET SRAM matrix, which cannot be set or reset. To investigate the factors that caused the stuck bit, we perform the electrical failure analysis (EFA) to measure the electric characteristics of the transistors in the stuck bits and normal cells separately. The measurement results show a clear gate breakdown at the PMOS pull-up (PPU) transistor in all of the measured SRAM cells. Meanwhile, the SPICE simulation based on the EFA results verifies the impact of the damaged PPU. Finally, considering all of the phenomena, the charge deposition from single events is the major mechanism that causes the stuck bits in FinFET SRAM. The experiment results alert a potential gate breakdown risk in the ultra-high-density FinFET SRAM applied in the space environment.
The visualization of an ultrasonic standing wave field using scanning-focused laser differential interferometry
Authors: Xu Zeyang , Chai Yuao , Ma Liqiang , Zhu Yiding
Published: July 2024

In this study, a 20 kHz ultrasonic standing wave field in a water tank is studied using scanning-focused laser differential interferometry (SFLDI). The emitting and receiving ends of the focused laser differential interferometry system are mounted on two high-precision three-dimensional coordinate frames that can move synchronously. A high-speed schlieren measurement and numerical simulations are conducted to validate the SFLDI results. The SFLDI system exhibits good synchronicity between the emitting and receiving ends as it scans the water tank with the acoustic field off, as well as a good frequency response to 20 kHz waves with the acoustic field on. Consistent with both the schlieren measurement and simulations, the SFLDI results clearly show a typical multi-column standing wave pattern with a mean square error of about 6.8% compared to the simulations. This study provides a new approach for quantitatively visualizing acoustic fields with high frequencies.
Designing ITER motional Stark effect line shift (MSE-LS) spectrometers
Authors: Uzun-Kaymak I. U. , Galante M. E. , Foley E. L. , Levinton F. M.
Published: July 2024

As a part of ITER beam aided diagnostics, the design of Motional Stark Effect (MSE) diagnostic observing the emission from the Balmer-α line is underway. The physics of Stark splitting shows that the Stark manifold is polarization dependent, and the energy splitting results in a line shift proportional to the electric field. Due to the challenges of maintaining the calibration of the plasma facing mirrors in ITER, the conventional MSE polarimetry measurement technique is replaced with a spectral approach that is deemed more favorable in the ITER environment. The MSE line shift (LS) diagnostic is designed to quantify the Lorentz electric field magnitude by measuring the Stark manifold using visible spectroscopy. In the presence of large magnetic fields and high energy heating beams of 1 MeV, the expected Stark splitting is much larger than in typical devices. The MSE-LS design has unique challenges requiring careful consideration and modeling of its viewing geometry and photon budget. The MSE-LS approach on ITER is promising but has stringent demands on the allowable errors for the statistical and systematic fitting uncertainties. In this study, a full system model and numerical simulations of data for each sightline are completed. For a range of optical transmission fractions, photon noise analysis is conducted to determine the statistical uncertainties. This provides guidance on the spectrometer throughput, dispersion at the detector, optics, and other design choices. A conceptual design of a high throughput spectrometer with a volume phase transmission grating is presented.
Mn doping as a simple strategy for improving energy storage in BaBi4Ti4O15 thin films
Authors: Gong C. Z. , Yang B. B. , Liu M. , Zhang R. R. , Tong H. Y. , Wei R. H. , Hu L. , Zhu X. B. , Sun Y. P.
Published: July 2024

To obtain high energy storage density in ferroelectric films, polarization and breakdown field Eb are two crucial factors. The inversely coupled relationship between polarization and Eb is commonly observed and it remains a challenge to realize high Eb without deteriorating polarization. Selecting a suitable element doping should largely enhance the Eb since of the optimization of microstructures as well as the decrease in defects, meanwhile the doping should induce extra polarization contribution from lattice distortion. In this work, we reported that Eb can be largely enhanced via Mn doping in BaBi4Ti4O15 thin films due to grain refining, densification, and oxygen vacancy reduction. Interestingly, the polarization is not deteriorated since of the Mn doping effect induced extra polarization from the lattice distortion. Consequently, an ultrahigh energy storage density of 96 J/cm3 with a high efficiency of 76.6% was achieved in BaBi4Ti3.95Mn0.05O15 thin films with excellent stability and reliability. This work will provide a simple and effective route to improve the energy storage in dielectric capacitors.
Droplet impact and rebound dynamics on superhydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Zhang Fangfang , Che Shuyan , Tang Jingdan , Zhao Chuangyao
Published: July 2024

The impact and rebound dynamics of droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces were investigated through numerical analysis employing the phase field method. The influences of contact angle, impact velocity, surface tension, and dynamic viscosity on the fields of pressure and velocity as well as the spreading factor and central height were described comprehensively. The results indicate that there are a series of stages of impingement, spreading, transition, retraction, and rebound in order throughout the life cycle of a droplet. The droplet exhibits distinct pressure and velocity profiles upon impingement stage, with the maximum pressure at the lower center and higher velocities at the upper periphery, spreading around. Velocities are predominantly upward, peaking at the bottom of the droplet during the rebound stage. A larger contact angle, viscosity, surface tension, and lower impact velocity contribute to a reduced maximum spreading factor. Deposition is more likely to occur when the impact velocity, surface tension is lower, and the viscosity is larger. Droplets tend to rebound when the contact angle, impact velocity, and surface tension are larger. Thresholds for impact velocity, surface tension, and viscosity were delineated for droplet rebound. Furthermore, a correlation for predicting the maximum spreading factor of droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces was proposed.
Dual-band low-power RF-to-DC signal converter circuits for energy harvesting
Authors: Mehta Pavan , Nella Anveshkumar
Published: July 2024

This article presents dual-band low-power, high-sensitive radio-frequency (RF)-to-direct current (DC) signal converter circuits, operating at 2.45 and 5.5 GHz bands, for radio frequency energy harvesting applications. In particular, it focuses on the lumped element and microstrip transmission line model circuits. The lumped element RF-to-DC converter circuit is composed of a dual-band impedance matching circuit, voltage-doubler rectifier, and DC-pass filter with a resistive load of 5 kΩ. This converter circuit gives a DC output voltage of 48 mV at 2.45 GHz and 25 mV at 5.5 GHz on −25 dBm input power. Maximum conversion efficiency is 47% at the 2.45 GHz band and 27% at the 5.5 GHz band when the input power is set to −10 dBm. Circuit design steps, matching conditions, performance parameters, and so on, are presented using Advanced Design System simulation. To validate the concept of the lumped element model, a microstrip transmission line RF-to-DC converter model is simulated and fabricated. It also composes of a dual-band matching network, voltage-doubler, and DC-pass filter with a load resistance of 5 kΩ. At a low input power of −18 dBm, it gives an output voltage of 21 mV in measurement. An appropriate match between the simulation and measurement is noted.
Party affiliation predicts homeowners’ decisions to install solar PV, but partisan gap wanes with improved economics of solar
Authors: Dokshin Fedor A. , Gherghina Mircea
Published: July 2024

The perceived risk of climate change and the sense of urgency for an energy transition are both politically polarized, especially in the United States. Yet, we know relatively little about how political polarization affects consumer energy preferences and behaviors. Here, we use the case of residential solar photovoltaics (PV) in New York State to 1) measure the partisan gap in solar adoption rates and 2) test whether more favorable economics of solar PV mute the effect of political identity. Using household-level, longitudinal data that include nearly 63,000 completed residential PV projects, we find evidence of a partisan gap in PV adoption. Democratic homeowners are approximately 1.45 times as likely to adopt solar PV as Republican homeowners. Republicans’ rate of adoption is the lowest of all measured groups, behind Independents, unaffiliated voters, and homeowners not registered to vote. Crucially, however, Republicans in our sample appear to be the most attuned to the changing economics and financing options of solar PV. Our estimates suggest that 1) as homeowners’ electricity rate increases relative to its long-run average, the adoption gap between Democ-rats and Republicans narrows, 2) that Republican PV adopters obtain systems with higher expected economic value, and 3) Republicans take greater advantage of alternative financing models, like leases and power purchase agreements, especially when the upfront costs of solar are high. The results demonstrate that political identity affects consumers’ participation in the energy transition, but local context, including the local economics of solar, may mitigate the effect of personal politics.
Light-induced insulator–metal transition in Sr
2
IrO
4
reveals the nature of the insulating ground state
Authors: Choi Dongsung , Yue Changming , Azoury Doron , Porter Zachary , Chen Jiyu , Petocchi Francesco , Baldini Edoardo , Lv Baiqing , Mogi Masataka , Su Yifan , Wilson Stephen D. , Eckstein Martin , Werner Philipp , Gedik Nuh
Published: July 2024

Sr
2
IrO
4
has attracted considerable attention due to its structural and electronic similarities to La
2
CuO
4
, the parent compound of high-
T
c
superconducting cuprates. It was proposed as a strong spin–orbit-coupled
J
eff
= 1/2 Mott insulator, but the Mott nature of its insulating ground state has not been conclusively established. Here, we use ultrafast laser pulses to realize an insulator–metal transition in Sr
2
IrO
4
and probe the resulting dynamics using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We observe a gap closure and the formation of weakly renormalized electronic bands in the gap region. Comparing these observations to the expected temperature and doping evolution of Mott gaps and Hubbard bands provides clear evidence that the insulating state does not originate from Mott correlations. We instead propose a correlated band insulator picture, where antiferromagnetic correlations play a key role in the gap opening. More broadly, our results demonstrate that energy–momentum-resolved nonequilibrium dynamics can be used to clarify the nature of equilibrium states in correlated materials.
Insulin receptor orchestrates kidney antibacterial defenses
Authors: Schwartz Laura , Simoni Aaron , Yan Pearlly , Salamon Kristin , Turkoglu Altan , Vasquez Martinez Gabriela , Zepeda-Orozco Diana , Eichler Tad , Wang Xin , Spencer John David
Published: July 2024

Urinary tract infection (UTI) commonly afflicts people with diabetes. This augmented infection risk is partly due to deregulated insulin receptor (IR) signaling in the kidney collecting duct. The collecting duct is composed of intercalated cells (ICs) and principal cells (PCs). Evidence suggests that ICs contribute to UTI defenses. Here, we interrogate how IR deletion in ICs impacts antibacterial defenses against uropathogenic
Escherichia coli.
We also explore how IR deletion affects immune responses in neighboring PCs with intact IR expression. To accomplish this objective, we profile the transcriptomes of IC and PC populations enriched from kidneys of wild-type and IC-specific IR knock-out mice that have increased UTI susceptibility. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrates that IR deletion suppresses IC-integrated stress responses and innate immune defenses. To define how IR shapes these immune defenses, we employ murine and human kidney cultures. When challenged with bacteria, murine ICs and human kidney cells with deregulated IR signaling cannot engage central components of the integrated stress response—including activating transcriptional factor 4 (ATF4). Silencing ATF4 impairs NFkB activation and promotes infection. In turn, NFkB silencing augments infection and suppresses antimicrobial peptide expression. In diabetic mice and people with diabetes, collecting duct cells show reduced IR expression, impaired integrated stress response engagement, and compromised immunity. Collectively, these translational data illustrate how IR orchestrates collecting duct antibacterial responses and the communication between ICs and PCs.