bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Employment Precarization and Subjective Well-Being of Employees in Different Age Groups
Authors: Kuchenkova Anna
Published: March 2022

The article looks into age-related differences in the degree of employment precarization and in the nature of its relationship with the subjective well-being of workers, with the perception of unstable conditions of employment and labor activity. Based on data from the all-Russian survey of the working population, three worker age groups are compared: up to 29 years old, 30–49 years old, 50 years old and up. It is found that indicators of precarization are more common among young people, while being less often found among older people and middle-aged workers. These age groups go in the same order if they are ranked in descending order of employment precarization index values, which is a number constructed of those precarity indicators that an employee displays simultaneously.
Age-related differences are also found in the specifics of the relationship between precarization and subjective assessments of the situation in the realm of work and life in general. Unstable employment hurts middle-aged workers the most: among them an increase in employment precarization is associated not just with a decrease in satisfaction with one’s job, wages and working conditions (that’s typical for all age categories), but also with increased concern over various problems at their place of work, social pessimism, dissatisfaction with life and the changes that have occurred in it. For young people and older workers only a few of these indicators (primarily those related to evaluations of working conditions and place of work) are associated with increased employment precarization.
PENERAPAN SPATIAL DURBIN MODEL (SDM) PADA INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN GENDER DI PULAU SULAWESI
Authors: Suaib Tri Putri Andayani , Junaidi Junaidi , Fadjryani Fadjryani
Published: March 2022

The Gender Development Index (GDI) is a development index of the quality of human life that is more concerned with gender status. GDI can be used to determine human development between males and females. This study uses the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) method. The SDM method was formed due to the spatial influence on the dependent and independent variables. The purpose of this study is to determine the GDI model in Sulawesi Island and the factors that influence it. The factors that have a significant effect on the Gender Development Index (GDI) in Sulawesi Island using the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) are Life Expectancy, per capita contests, average years of schooling, and labor force participation.Keywords: GDI, AIC, SDMMSC2020: 62H11
The Driving Factors, Mechanism and Result Effects of Entrepreneurial Bricolage From the Perspective of Different Entrepreneurial Contexts
Authors: Tian Lifang , Jiang Ying , Li Lu
Published: March 2022

Entrepreneurship bricolage is an important way for entrepreneurs to dynamically tap and use existing resources to achieve the purpose of entrepreneurial activities based on the entrepreneurial context. The research on the result effect, driving factors and mechanism of entrepreneurship bricolage in different entrepreneurial contexts can provide a new perspective for the effective use of resource endowments for entrepreneurial enterprises. A systematic analysis of 115 documents collected in the field of entrepreneurial bricolage in recent years found that the driving factors of entrepreneurial bricolage from the perspective of different entrepreneurial contexts differ depending on the growth stage and resource endowment status of the enterprise; There are differences in the mechanism of entrepreneurial bricolage from the perspective of different entrepreneurial contexts in the macro entrepreneurial environment, the meso entrepreneurial organization, and the micro entrepreneurial individual; The effect of entrepreneurial bricolage from the perspective of different entrepreneurial contexts is different in two aspects about research theme and research purpose. The research conclusions are helpful for domestic scholars to put forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the high-quality development of regional innovative and entrepreneurial enterprises based on the current status of research in the field of entrepreneurial bricolage, combined with factors such as China's current economic background and entrepreneurial situation differences.
Optimized Design of Warehousing Operation Process Based on RFID Technology
Authors: Que Longjie , Liu Shulong
Published: March 2022

Warehousing as one of the main functions of logistics core functions, the optimization of warehousing operation process has been highly valued by the entire industry. Based on RFID technology, taking Jingdong Huizhou Huiyang Logistics Center as an example, combined with the analysis of the current situation of its warehousing operation process, the process design is optimized from the three aspects of warehousing, warehouse management and outbound storage, and the simulation modeling of the inbound and outbound processes is carried out by using Flexsim software. The results show that: 1) The warehousing operations of logistics centers have pain points of long waiting time in storage, low inventory efficiency and high cargo loss rate. 2) Through the comparative analysis of the modeling results before and after optimization, RFID technology can effectively improve the efficiency of the warehousing operation process, and determine the feasibility of the optimized process to improve the efficiency of the warehousing operation process.
Case-Crossover Spatial Lag Grid Differences Between Aerosol Optical Depth-PM2.5 and Respiratory-Cardiovascular Emergency Department Visits and Inpatient Hospitalizations in Baltimore, Maryland, USA: Identification of Homogeneous Spatial Areas
Authors: Braggio John T. , Hall Eric S. , Weber Stephanie A. , Huff Amy K
Published: March 2022

Optimal use of Hierarchical Bayesian Model (HBM) assembled aerosol optical depth (AOD)-PM2.5 fused surfaces in epidemiologic studies requires homogeneous temporal and spatial fused surfaces. No analytical method is available to evaluate spatial heterogeneity. The temporal case-crossover design was modified to assess the spatial association between four experimental AOD-PM2.5 fused surfaces and four respiratory-cardiovascular hospital events in 12 km2 grids. The maximum number of adjacent lag grids with significant odds ratios (ORs) identified homogeneous spatial areas (HOSAs). The largest HOSA included 5 grids (lag grids 04; 720 km2) and the smallest HOSA contained 2 grids (lag grids 01; 288 km2). Emergency department asthma and inpatient asthma, myocardial infarction, and heart failure ORs were significantly higher in rural grids without air monitors than in urban grids with air monitors at lag grids 0, 1, and 01. Rural grids had higher AOD-PM2.5 concentration levels, population density, and poverty percent than urban grids. Warm season ORs were significantly higher than cold season ORs for all health outcomes at lag grids 0, 1, 01, and 04. The possibility of elevated fine and ultrafine PM and other demographic and environmental risk factors synergistically contributing to elevated respiratory-cardiovascular chronic diseases in persons residing in rural areas was discussed
Monitoring the Microseismicity through a Dense Seismic Array and a Similarity Search Detection Technique: Application to the Gas-Storage Site of Collalto, North Italy
Authors: Scala Antonio , Adinolfi Guido Maria , Picozzi Matteo , Scotto di Uccio Francesco , Festa Gaetano , De Landro Grazia , Priolo Enrico , Parolai Stefano , Riccio Rosario , Romanelli Marco
Published: March 2022

Seismic monitoring in areas where induced earthquakes could occur is a challenging topic for seismologists due to generally very low signal to noise ratio. Therefore, the seismological com-munity is devoting several efforts to the development of high-quality networks around the areas where fluid injection and storage and geothermal activities take place, also following the national induced seismicity monitoring guidelines. The use of advanced data-mining strategy, such as template matching filters, auto-similarity search and deep-learning approaches is recently further fostering such a monitoring enhancing the seismic catalogues and lowering the magnitude of completeness of these areas. In this framework, we carried out an experiment where a small-aperture seismic array was installed around the gas reservoir of Collalto, in North Italy. The continuous velocimetric data, acquired for 25 days, were analysed through the application of the optimized auto-similarity search technique FAST. The array was conceived as a cost-effective network, aimed at integrating, right above the gas storage site, the permanent high-resolution Collalto Seismic Network. The analysis allowed to detect micro-events down to magnitude Ml=-0.4 within a distance of ~15km from the array. Our results confirmed that the system based on the array installation and the FAST data-analysis might contribute to lower the magnitude of completeness around the site of about 0.7.
A Short and Engaging Adaptive Working Memory Intervention for Children With Developmental Language Disorder: Effects on Language and Working Memory
Authors: Henry Lucy A , Christopher Emma , Chiat Shula , Messer David J
Published: March 2022

Recent research has suggested that working memory training interventions may benefit children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD). The current study investigated a short and engaging adaptive working memory intervention that targeted executive skills and aimed to improve both language comprehension and working memory abilities in children with DLD. Forty-seven 6- to 10-year-old children with DLD were randomly allocated to an executive working memory training intervention (n=24) or an active control group (n=23). A pre-test/intervention/post-test/9-month-follow-up design was used. Outcome measures included assessments of language (to evaluate far transfer of the training) and working memory (to evaluate near transfer of the training). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses controlling for pre-intervention performance and age found group to be a significant predictor of sentence comprehension and of performance on six untrained working memory measures at post-intervention and 9-month follow-up. Children in the intervention group showed significantly higher language comprehension and working memory scores at both time points than children in the active control group. The intervention programme showed potential to improve working memory and language comprehension in children with DLD and demonstrated several advantages: it involved short sessions over a short period; caused little disruption in the school day; and was enjoyed by children.
A Narrative of a Certified Nurse in Dementia Care in Japan How to Compensate the Gap Caused by Visitation Restrictions Due to Coronavirus Disease
Authors: Ohashi Yuki , Furukubo Yumiko , Bunn Diane
Published: March 2022

This report is a narrative of a certified nurse working on a long-term rehabilitation ward for patients with dementia in Japan during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. During this time visitation restrictions had been implemented to prevent the spread of COVID-19 causing psychological distress for patients and their families which nurses had to cope with . The nurse was interviewed twice September–October 2020. The recordings were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Three themes were identified relating to changes in care in response to the pandemic which nurses had to adapt to: the risk of collapse of family members’ roles, anxiety caused by patients forgetting family members and family memories and increased disorientation. During the pandemic, nursing care needs to adapt, ensuring that family attachments and ties continue and minimizing the disruption caused by the pandemic, while ensuring that everyone remains Covid-safe.
Stigmatizing Attitudes Toward People Living with HIV among Young Women Migrant Workers in Vietnam
Authors: Ha Toan , Givens David , Nguyen Trang , Nguyen Nam
Published: March 2022

Despite intensive HIV education and prevention efforts in the past years, stigmatizing attitudes toward people living with HIV (PLWH) remain a major barrier to HIV prevention and treatment efforts in Vietnam. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of stigmatizing attitudes regarding HIV and identifying correlative factors that impact perceptions of PLWH among women migrant workers working in the industrial zones (IZ) in Hanoi, Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1061 women migrant workers aged 18 to 29 from January to November 2020 in Hanoi, Vietnam. Stigmatizing attitudes toward PLWH were measured using a four-item scale. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to examine factors associated with stigmatizing attitudes. Over seventy-six (76.2 %) of the participants reported having at least one of the four stigmatizing attitudes. Greater levels of stigmatizing attitudes toward PLH were significantly associated with lower HIV knowledge, lower education and being Kinh (the ethnic majority in Vietnam). A high level of stigmatizing attitudes toward PWH among the study participants suggests that there is an urgent need for the development of appropriate culturally interventions and outreach education activities to reduce stigmatizing attitudes toward PWH among women migrant workers working in the IZs in Vietnam.Despite intensive HIV education and prevention efforts in the past years, stigmatizing attitudes toward people living with HIV (PLWH) remain a major barrier to HIV prevention and treatment efforts in Vietnam. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of stigmatizing attitudes regarding HIV and identifying correlative factors that impact perceptions of PLWH among women migrant workers working in the industrial zones (IZ) in Hanoi, Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1061 women migrant workers aged 18 to 29 from January to November 2020 in Hanoi, Vietnam. Stigmatizing attitudes toward PLWH were measured using a four-item scale. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to examine factors associated with stigmatizing attitudes. Over seventy-six (76.2 %) of the participants reported having at least one of the four stigmatizing attitudes. Greater levels of stigmatizing attitudes toward PLH were significantly associated with lower HIV knowledge, lower education and being Kinh (the ethnic majority in Vietnam). A high level of stigmatizing attitudes toward PWH among the study participants suggests that there is an urgent need for the development of appropriate culturally interventions and outreach education activities to reduce stigmatizing attitudes toward PWH among women migrant workers working in the IZs in Vietnam.
Preliminary Statistical Characterizations of the Lowest Kilometer Time-Height Profiles of the Rainfall Rate Using a Vertically Pointing Radar
Authors: Jameson Arthur R. , Larsen Michael L.
Published: March 2022

A realistic approach for gathering high-resolution observation of the rainfall rate, R, in the vertical plane is to use data from vertical pointing Doppler radars. After accounting for the vertical air velocity and attenuation, it is possible to determine the fine, spatially resolved drop size spectra and to calculate R for further statistical analyses. The first such results in a vertical plane are reported here. Specifically, we present results using MRR-Pro Doppler radar observations at resolutions of ten meters in height over the lowest 1.28 km as well as ten seconds in time over four sets of observations using two different radars at different locations. Both correlation functions and power spectra are useful for translating observations and numerical model outputs of R from on one scale down to other scales that may be more appropriate to particular applications such as flood warnings and soil erosion, for example. However, it was found in all cases that while locally applicable radial power spectra could be calculated, because of statistical heterogeneity, most of the power spectra lost all generality and proper correlation functions could not be computed in general except for one 17 minute interval. Nevertheless, these results are still useful since they could be combined to develop catalogs of power spectra over different meteorological conditions and in different climatological settings and locations. Furthermore, even within the limitations of these data, this approach is being used to gain a deeper understanding of rainfall to be reported in a forthcoming paper.
Toward the Fungi Whole Cell as a Suitable Strategy for Delignification and Phenolic Removal of Olive Mill Solid Waste
Authors: Benavides Viviana , Pinto Ibieta Fernanda , Serrano Antonio , Rubilar Olga , Ciudad Gustavo
Published: March 2022

White-rot fungi (WRF) have specific enzymes to degrade lignocellulosic and phenolic compounds. Therefore, their direct application could be an alternative to biodegrade complex lignocellulosic biomass such as olive mill solid waste (OMSW). The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of A. discolor and S. hirsutum to grow in OMSW as the sole substrate under static conditions and evaluate the phenolic removal compounds and lignin degradation. The lignolytic enzyme activity was determined, as was the phenolic compound removal. At the same time, lignin degradation and structural changes were evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. Both strains were able to grow using OMSW as the sole substrate without adding other nutrients, oxygen and/or agitation. The higher ligninolytic enzyme activity was found at day 8, and the highest phenolic removal (more than 80% with both strains) was reached after 24 days of incubation. The CLSM analysis confirmed lignin degradation through the drop in lignin fluorescence from 3967 for untreated OMSW to 235 and 221 RFU after 24 days of treatment by A. discolor and S. hirsutum respectively. The results indicate that both WRF could be suitable candidates to design an in-situ pretreatment step of OMSW, as long as in future research the WRFs have the same performance in non-sterile conditions.
Immunity Escape of SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Omicron Leads the Way
Authors: Dhingra Rupali , Sharma Aarjoo , Balda Sanjeev , Billa Anshika , Sah Shiv Nandan , Capalash Neena , Sharma Prince
Published: March 2022

With the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic in 2019, the world saw a humungous loss of human life and economic resources globally but also the rapid appearance of SARS-CoV-2 variants which have exhibited a higher transmissibility and/or virulence and which also evade immune system to such an extent that it raises a big question mark on the efficacy of current diagnostics, vaccines and convalescent plasma and mAb therapies. This has been attributed to the emergence of huge spectrum of mutations, especially in the virus’s spike (S) protein, occurring in regions harboring high concentration of B cell epitopes thus allowing neutralizing antibody escape. The mutations resulting in ACE 2 receptor recognition failure (T19R), unfavorable electrostatic interactions (E484K), structural change (∆69-70), disruption of hydrogen bonds, salt bridges or hydrophobic interactions (K417N, N501Y, ∆Y145) and change in orientation (N501Y) cause strong immune evasion by these variants. Further, the recent emergence of Omicron with more than 30 mutations in the S protein VOC allows it to escape and fail diagnosis as well as immune system and the protection generated by different vaccination regimes. Yet Omicron may not be the end of the story. This review presents an insight of the immunity escape and its mechanisms followed by different SARS-CoV-2 variant of concerns.
Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Services in Malaysia from the Perspective of Healthcare Providers: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Hing Nicholas Yee Liang , Leong Chin Tho , Subramaniam Kalianan Ramani , Lim Wei Yin , Loo Ching Ee , Woon Yuan Liang
Published: March 2022

Malaysia implemented a movement control order (MCO) to curb the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in March 2020. Despite healthcare services remaining operational, rising COVID-19 infections and MCO restrictions have forced healthcare professionals to seek a compromise between service capacity and standard operating procedure compliance. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among public and private sector doctors, dentists and pharmacists to determine how lockdown measures impacted healthcare services. Responses from 413 doctors, 193 dentists, and 163 pharmacists were analysed. Pharmacy services remained mostly unaffected throughout the MCO. In contrast, operational capacities for surgical and dental services were severely affected during the MCO. All service sectors reported restricting patients or accompanying individuals at the workplace, reductions in staffing capacity, and shortened patient contact time at various degrees. Many pharmacy and medical participants reported supplying extended medication supplies to patients. Adoption of virtual healthcare services was generally poor. All private service sectors suffered financial losses ranging between 59 to 75%. Periodic assessments of the healthcare system throughout the pandemic are required to identify which patients have their treatment compromised so that healthcare managers and policy makers can plan and implement appropriate interventions that help alleviate pressure within the health system.
Exploring Operational Procedures to Assess Ecosystem Services on Farm Level, Including the Role of Soil Health
Authors: Bouma Johan , de Haan Janjo , Dekkers Maria-Franca
Published: March 2022

Reaching the land-related UN-Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and similar goals articulated by the EU-Green Deal (GD) by 2030 presents a major challenge and requires a pragmatic approach to be focused on joint learning by land users (mostly farmers), researchers and other stakeholders in “Living Labs” and system experiments at experimental farms of research organizations. Defining specific indicators and thresholds for ecosystem services in line with land-related SDGs, are crucial to establish: “Lighthouses” that can act as inspiring examples if they meet the various thresholds. This exploratory paper discusses indicators and thresholds for an arable farm operating on marine, calcareous light clay soils in the Netherlands. Studies of a system experiment are used to discuss and test operational methodology to be widely applied when characterizing many “Living Labs” in future as planned by the European Union. The important role of soils, contributing to ecosystem services, is discussed in terms of soil health. Recommendations are made for innovative methodology to be associated with all land-related SDGs. Satisfying thresholds of ecosystem services, that will vary by soil type, region and farm-type, can be the basis for farm subsidies such as the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Research on Living Labs and in system experiments has to be judged by different criteria than those associated with traditional linear research. Important contributions by soils to achieve ecosystem services are framed in terms of soil health and are the most effective way to promote soil science in a by now widely desired inter- and transdisciplinary context.
Establishment and Enforcement of Operational Rules at an Unsanctioned Safe Drug Consumption Site in the United States, 2014–2020
Authors: Davidson Peter J. , Wenger Lynn D. , Lambdin Barrot H. , Kral Alex H.
Published: March 2022

Objectives. To examine how operational rules are established and enforced at an unsanctioned safe consumption site (SCS) operating in the United States.

Methods. We conducted 44 qualitative interviews with people who use drugs, staff members, and volunteers at an unsanctioned SCS and analyzed them using an inductive thematic approach.

Results. Rule-making processes were largely driven by concerns raised by service users rather than driven by external pressures, and iterated rapidly in response to changing needs. The unsanctioned nature of the site produced an environment where bottom-up rule-making was critical to generating a shared sense of ownership of the site and where enforcement was necessarily fluid.

Conclusions. Removing external restrictions on operational rules for SCSs results in a flexible set of rules that are highly responsive to the social and public health needs of people who use drugs. Legislation and regulations of SCSs should aim to place as few hard limits on operating conditions as possible to maximize involvement of and responsiveness to people who use drugs. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S2):S166–S172. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306714 )
An Ethnographic Assessment of COVID-19‒Related Changes to the Risk Environment for People Who Use Drugs in Tijuana, Mexico
Authors: Friedman Joseph , Calderón-Villarreal Alhelí , Adame Rebeca Cazares , Abramovitz Daniela , Rafful Claudia , Rangel Gudelia , Vera Alicia , Strathdee Steffanie A. , Bourgois Philippe
Published: March 2022

Objectives. To characterize the effects of the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic on the risk environment of people who use drugs (PWUD) in Tijuana, Mexico.

Methods. We used intensive participant-observation ethnography among street-based PWUD and key informants, such as frontline physicians and harm reductionists.

Results. PWUD described an unprecedented cessation of police violence and extortion during the initial pandemic-related lockdown, though this quickly reversed and police violence worsened. Government-provided housing and medical treatment with methadone were temporarily provided to PWUD in a dedicated clinic, yet only for PWUD with COVID-19 symptoms. Concurrently, non‒COVID-19‒related hospital care became virtually inaccessible, and many PWUD died of untreated, chronic illnesses, such as hepatitis C, and soft-tissue infections. Border closures, decreases in social interaction, and reduced drug and sex tourism resulted in worsening food, income, and housing insecurity for many PWUD. By contrast, potent illicit drugs remained easily accessible in open-air drug markets.

Conclusions. The pandemic exacerbated health risks for PWUD but also offered profound glimpses of beneficial structural changes. Efforts are needed in Tijuana and elsewhere to institutionalize positive pandemic-related shifts and ameliorate novel harms for PWUD. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S2):S199–S202. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306796 )
Valoración psicométrica del Cuestionario de Adicción a Redes Sociales (ARS) en adolescentes mexicanos
Authors: González Alcántara Karla Edith
Published: March 2022

Valoración psicométrica del Cuestionario de Adicción a Redes Sociales (ARS) en adolescentes mexicanos. Con el incremento en el uso del Internet han aparecido fenómenos nuevos como la adicción a las redes sociales, sin embargo, para poder ahondar en el tema y conocer los factores asociados y las consecuencias de este es necesario tener instrumentos de medición válidos y confiables que permitan recolectar información fidedigna. El objetivo de esta investigación fue obtener evidencias sobre la estructura factorial, validez, consistencia interna e invarianza de medición entre sexos del Cuestionario de Adicción a las Redes Sociales (ARS) en adolescentes mexicanos. Participaron 744 adolescentes de entre 17 y 19 años (M = 17.52; DT = .58) que asistían a clases de nivel medio superior en una preparatoria privada de la Ciudad de México. De estos 56.85% eran mujeres y 43.15% hombres. Los análisis de los reactivos se llevaron a cabo siguiendo las técnicas propuestas en la Teoría Clásica de los Test. Tras revisar la distribución, discriminación, correlación ítem total y multicolinealidad de los reactivos se procedió a probar las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento. El modelo original conformado por tres factores no presentó un ajuste adecuado en esta población por lo que, por medio de análisis factorial exploratorio y un posterior análisis factorial confirmatorio, se obtuvo un modelo de tres factores en el que se mantienen dos de los factores del modelo original y surge uno nuevo. La modificación para población mexicana queda constituida por menos de la mitad de los reactivos originales (once de 24). En esta estructura factorial se observan tanto índices de ajuste como valores de consistencia interna adecuados. El cuestionario muestra invarianza de medición métrica, fuerte y estricta entre hombres y mujeres. Se concluye que esta versión de la escala ARS cuenta con características psicométricas aceptables para evaluar adolescentes mexicanos de escuelas privadas, sumándose a las herramientas actuales disponibles para la investigación de la adicción a redes sociales. No obstante, es necesario reunir más evidencias de las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento. Palabras clave: Jóvenes; Test Psicológico; Uso de Internet.
Variables implicadas en la transmisión intergeneracional del estilo de apego: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Martín Ordiales Nuria
Published: March 2022

El interés por estudiar la transmisión intergeneracional del apego ha estado motivado por su influencia en el desarrollo emocional y conductual del individuo y en las capacidades para establecer vínculos estables. El principal objetivo de este trabajo es la revisión de la literatura para identificar los avances recientes respecto a las variables implicadas en la transmisión intergeneracional del apego. Se realizó una revisión sistemática que abarca desde 2013 a 2020. Se identificaron 23 trabajos de investigación que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión establecidos. Se encontró que variables tales como la figura materna, el procesamiento emocional de los eventos vitales y el apoyo social son claves para la transmisión del apego seguro. En la transmisión del apego inseguro, destacan el abuso, maltrato o negligencia, así como la sintomatología clínica de los cuidadores. Nuevas estrategias de evaluación son necesarias para formular un modelo explicativo integral que englobe aspectos biológicos, psicológicos y sociales. Palabras clave: estilos de apego, transmisión, apoyo social, trauma, figura alternativa, revisión sistemática.
Benefits and limitations of life story work for adults with alcohol related brain damage: A systematic search and literature review
Authors: Mushens Daniel John
Published: March 2022

Introduction

ARBD is caused by chronic alcohol misuse and a deficiency of the thiamine vitamin which causes a broad range of impairments, but people with ARBD have up to a 75% of achieving some recovery. Life story work as a psychosocial therapeutic intervention is commonly used for various service user groups although it appears to be seldom considered within an ARBD context.

Aim

The aim of this research was to explore and identify benefits and limitations of life story work for people with ARBD.

Method

Using the PRISMA statement principles, systematic searches of two academic databases were conducted resulting in 10 papers to be reviewed.

Results

Two main themes were identified. (1) The current research on life story work for people with dementia, cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms. (2) Variations of life story work and its benefits and challenges.

Discussion

Evidence suggests engaging in psychosocial activities can increase wellbeing and quality of life. However, although researchers consistently advocate for a holistic approach to ARBD recovery, the promotion of life story work appears to be overlooked.

Implications for practice

Life story work can increase wellbeing, engagement and rapport between the person with ARBD and the facilitator as well as aiding family involvement.
Three Perspectives: The Approach of Neoadjuvant Treatment of Rectum Cancer According to Medical Oncologists, Radiation Oncologists, and Surgeons
Authors: Beypinar Ismail , Tercan Mustafa , Tugrul Fuzuli
Published: March 2022

Purpose Two treatment options are considered for radiotherapy: short-course radiotherapy and immediate surgery or chemoradiation with 5-Fluorouracil based chemotherapy with delayed surgery. We try to evaluate the real-life treatment approaches of medical, radiation, and surgical oncologists for neoadjuvant treatment of rectal cancers. MethodThe online survey form was established via Google Forms. The survey was taken voluntarily by medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, surgical oncologists, and general surgeons.Results One hundred eighty-three of the participants were medical oncologists while 36 were radiotherapists and 36 were surgeons. Most of the study population preferred long-course radiation therapy and chemotherapy (85%). Two-thirds of the participants preferred chemotherapy before operation. The most frequent chemotherapy cycles for the pre-operative setting were ‘three’ or ‘four-or-more’. (27,8% and 25,1% respectively) Medical oncologists had a significantly higher tendency of offering chemotherapy between radiation therapy and surgery compared with the other groups. The optimal time of surgery was different between groups. There was no difference among groups between surgery and the ‘watch & wait’ strategy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens were different between groups significantly.ConclusionWe found the new pre-operative chemotherapy regimen with short-course radiotherapy was slowly adopted in current practice. Also, medical oncologists tend pre-operative chemotherapy compared with other groups.
Close relatives of MERS-CoV in bats use ACE2 as their functional receptors
Authors: Yan Huan , Wang Xiangxi , Xiong Qing , Cao Lei , Ma Chengbao , Liu Chen , Si Junyu , Liu Peng , Gu Mengxue , Wang Chunli , Shi Lulu , Tong Fei , Huang Meiling , zhao chufeng , Shen Chao , Chen Yu , Zhao Huabin , Lan Ke , Li Jing
Published: March 2022

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and several bat coronaviruses employ Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) as their functional receptors. However, the receptor for NeoCoV, the closest MERS-CoV relative yet discovered in bats, remains enigmatic. In this study, we unexpectedly found that NeoCoV and its close relative, PDF-2180-CoV, can efficiently use some types of bat Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and, less favorably, human ACE2 for entry. The two viruses use their spikes' S1 subunit carboxyl-terminal domains (S1-CTD) for high-affinity and species-specific ACE2 binding. Cryo-electron microscopy analysis revealed a novel coronavirus-ACE2 binding interface and a protein-glycan interaction, distinct from other known ACE2-using viruses. We identified a molecular determinant close to the viral binding interface that restricts human ACE2 from supporting NeoCoV infection, especially around residue Asp338. Conversely, NeoCoV efficiently infects human ACE2 expressing cells after a T510F mutation on the receptor-binding motif (RBM). Notably, the infection could not be cross-neutralized by antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 or MERS-CoV. Our study demonstrates the first case of ACE2 usage in MERS-related viruses, shedding light on a potential bio-safety threat of the human emergence of an ACE2 using "MERS-CoV-2" with both high fatality and transmission rate.
Contextualizing critical thinking about health using digital technology in secondary schools in Kenya: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Chesire Faith chelagat , Ochieng Marlyn Achieng , Mugisha Michael , Senyonga Ronald , Oxman Matt , Nsangi Allen , Semakula Daniel , Nyirazinyoye Laetitia , Lewin Simon , Sewankambo Nelson K. , Kaseje Margaret , Oxman Andrew D , Rosenbaum Sarah
Published: March 2022

Background: Good health decisions depend on one’s ability to think critically about health claims and make informed health choices. Young people can learn these skills through school-based interventions, but learning resources need to be low-cost and built around lessons that can fit into existing curricula. As a first step to developing and evaluating digital learning resources that are feasible to use in Kenyan secondary schools, we conducted a context analysis to explore interest in critical thinking for health, map where critical thinking about health best fits in the curriculum, explore conditions for introducing new learning resources, and describe the information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure available for teaching and learning.Methods: We employed a qualitative descriptive approach. We interviewed 10 key informants, carried out two focus group discussions, observed ICT conditions in five secondary schools, reviewed seven documents, and conducted an online catalogue of ICT infrastructure in all schools in Kisumu County. Participants included teachers, curriculum experts, and policymakers. We used a framework analysis approach to analyse data and report findings.Findings: Although critical thinking is a core competence in the curriculum, critical thinking about health is not currently taught in Kenyan secondary schools. Teachers, health officials and curriculum developers recognized the importance of teaching critical thinking about health in secondary schools. Stakeholders agreed that Informed Health Choices learning resources could be embedded in nine subjects. The National Institute of Curriculum Development regulates resources for learning; development of new resources requires collaboration and approval from this body. Most schools do not use ICT for teaching, and for those few that do, use is limited. Implementation of Kenya’s ICT policy framework for schools faces several challenges which include inadequate ICT infrastructure, poor internet connectivity, and teachers’ lack of training and experience.Conclusion: Teaching critical thinking about health is possible within the current Kenyan lower secondary school curriculum but learning resources will need to be designed for inclusion in and across existing subjects. The National ICT Plan and Vision for 2030 provides opportunity for scale up and integration of technology in teaching and learning environments, which can enable future use of digital resources in schools. However, given current ICT condition in schools in the country, digital learning resources should be designed to function with limited ICT infrastructure, unstable internet access and for use by teachers with low levels of experience using digital technology.
Clinical Applications of Machine Learning in the Survival Prediction and Classification of Sepsis：Coagulation and Heparin Usage Matter
Authors: Guo Fei , Zhu Xishun , Wu Zhiheng , Zhu Li , Wu Jianhua , Zhang Fan
Published: March 2022

Background
Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome eliciting highly heterogeneous host responses. Current prognostic evaluation methods used in clinical practice are characterized by an inadequate effectiveness in predicting sepsis mortality. Rapid identification of patients with high mortality risk is urgently needed. The patients’ phenotype will assistant invaluably in tailoring treatments.
Methods
Deep learning technology is used to determine the sepsis severity and characterize the patients’ phenotype. The database used in this study is MIMIC-III and MIMIC-IV (‘Medical information Mart for intensive care’) which is a large, public, and freely available database. Convolutional neural network (CNN) was used to predict the 28-day survival rate based on 35 blood test variables of the sepsis patients, whereas a double coefficient quadratic multivariate fitting function (DCQMFF) is utilized to predict the 28-day survival rate with only 11 features of sepsis patients. The k-means clustering is used to classify the sepsis phenotype.
Results
The survival rate prediction accuracy of CNN and DCQMFF models reached 92% and 82%, respectively. The models were tested on an external dataset (MIMIC-IV) and achieved good performance. A DCQMFF-based application platform was established for fast prediction of the 28-day survival rate. The patients were grouped into four clusters with a clear survival nomogram. The first cluster (C_1) was characterized by low white blood cell count, low neutrophil, and the highest lymphocyte proportion. C_2 obtained the lowest Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and the highest survival rate. C_3 was characterized by significantly prolonged PTT, high SIC, and a higher proportion of patients using heparin than the patients in other clusters. The early mortality rate of patients in C_3 was high but with a better long-term survival rate than that in C_4. C_4 contained septic coagulation patients with the worst prognosis, characterized by slightly prolonged partial thromboplastin time (PTT), significantly prolonged prothrombin time (PT), and high septic coagulation disease score (SIC).
Conclusion
CNN and DCQMFF accurately predicted the sepsis patients’ survival, while k-means successfully identified the phenotype groups. The distinct phenotypes associated with survival, and significant features correlated with mortality were identified. The findings suggest that sepsis patients with abnormal coagulation had poor outcomes, abnormal coagulation increase mortality during sepsis. The anticoagulation effects of appropriate heparin sodium treatment may improve extensive micro thrombosis-caused organ failure.
Effect of Changing Precipitation Timing on Phylogenetic and Functional Community Structure in A Semi-Arid Steppe
Authors: Yang Zhongling , Wang Manman , Yang Jianwen , Zhang Tong , Xiao Rui
Published: March 2022

Changes in the amount and timing of precipitation may affect plant species coexistence. However, little is known about how these changes in precipitation structure plant communities. Here, we conducted a six-year field precipitation manipulation experiment in the semi-arid steppe of Inner Mongolia, China to assess the importance of species loss and colonization to community assembly by incorporating phylogenetic information on functional relatedness. Our results demonstrated that the decline in plant species richness under decreasing precipitation in the late and entire growing season could be attributed to a decrease in species colonization and an increase in species loss, respectively. The increase in species richness under increasing precipitation in the late growing season was mainly caused by increases in colonizing species. Species with lower initial abundances, individual size, and leaf dry matter content had greater loss probabilities when species with lower initial abundances had greater colonization likelihood. The loss of species that were more closely related to other residents under decreasing precipitation in the late growing season did not alter phylogenetic overdispersion patterns, and the colonization of species that were more distantly related to residents under increasing precipitation in the late growing season shifted functional relatedness from clustering to randomness. Thus, the colonization of functionally dissimilar species decreased the strength of environmental filtering. Our study showed that phylogenetic and functional relatedness independently affected plant community structure. This finding suggests that evolutionary processes affect community assembly independently of ecological processes.
Venlafaxine-Loaded Nanocomposite-Based Scaffolds: In Vitro, Ex Vivo and Cytotoxicity Evaluations
Authors: Hashem Heba Maher , Motawea Amira , Kamel Ayman Helmy , Bary Elsayed Mohamed Abdel , Mohamed Saad Elsayed
Published: March 2022

Venlafaxine (VEN) is an antidepressant drug, but its delivery progress combined with a dependence on pathways and the incidence of toxicities that have infrequently led to FDA endorsement. This work focuses on developing novel electrospun polymeric nanofibers (NFs) for buccal delivery of VEN to avoid the hepatic metabolism, enzymatic degradation in the GIT, and develop an effective control of drug release. The optimized NFs were obtained by blending polylactic acid (PLA) and poly (ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) and were characterized for morphology, drug-loading, FTIR, XRD, DSC, and in vitro drug release. Ex vivo permeability of the blend NFs was assessed using chicken pouch mucosa compared to VEN suspension followed by histopathological examination. Further, the cytotoxic effect was evaluated in three different cell lines using WST-1 assay. SEM morphologies refer to defect-free uniform NFs of PLA, PCL, and PLA/PCL mats. These fibers had a diameter ranging from 200–500 nm. The physico-thermal characterization of NFs depicted that the drug was successfully loaded and in an amorphous state in the PLA/PCL NFs. The cumulative release of NFs substantiated a bi-phasic profile with an initial burst release and a second sustained phase that reached 80% over 96 h following a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. Ex vivo permeation emphasizes the major enhancement of the sustained drug release and the noticeable decrease in the permeability of the drug from NFs. Histopathology and cell toxicity studies demonstrated the preserved mucosal architecture and the preclinical safety. The developed PLA/PCL NFs can be promising drug carriers to introduce a step-change in improved psychiatric treatment healthcare.
Effect of D-π-A substituted Bromomethylcoumarin Derivatives on Optoelectronic Properties: Experimental and Computational Studies
Authors: Madar Mahesh , Pujar Malatesh S , H Shridhar A , Basanagouda Mahantesh M , Sidarai Ashok H
Published: March 2022

Here we report a simple method for the synthesis of a D−π−A substituted bromomethyl coumarin derivatives 1-(6-Bromo-benzo[1, 3]dioxol-5-yloxymethyl)-benzo[f]chromen-3-one (1BDYMBC) and 4-(6-Bromo-benzo[1, 3]dioxol-5-yloxymethyl)-benzo[h]chromen-2-one (4BDYMBC) via a one-pot chemical reaction. The FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and MS results confirmed the corresponding structure of the synthesized dyes. The substitution effect, on optoelectronic properties was verified using experimental and theoretical techniques. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of fluorescent dyes were recorded in different solvents of different polarity. Stoke's shift exhibits a redshift with an increase in solvent polarity for all molecules indicating a π−π∗ transition. The ground state dipole moments of all fluorescent dyes are estimated theoretically from ab initio computations (integral equation formalism of polarizable continuum model) and experimentally from the solvatochromic method and the results are compared. The excited state dipole moments are estimated using solvatochromic correlations equation and results show that the excited state dipole moments are higher than the ground state dipole moments which suggests that, all fluorescent dyes are more polar in the excited state. The HOMO-LUMO energy gaps computed from density functional theory and absorption threshold wavelengths are found to be in good agreement with each other and also support intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). The chemical hardness of the molecules is determined and the chemical stability is discussed. Further, using DFT molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) plots, the electrophilic site and nucleophilic site which are useful in photochemical reactions were identified. Finally, all the preliminary observations and results suggest that the fluorescent dyes can be considered as potential candidates for fluorescent probes and for the construction of dye sensitized solar cell in future.