bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Separation of Nd(III) from Nd(III)/Co(II) Mixture Using Poly (Carboxymethyl Cellulose.starch-g-acrylic Acid/Al2O3) Nanocomposite
Authors: Dakroury G. A. , Murad G. A. , Abu Elgoud E. M.
Published: September 2024

The separation of neodymium from the Nd(III)/Co(II) mixture is crucial for producing high-purity neodymium, which is essential in industries like electronics. A new nanocomposite, Poly(carboxymethyl cellulose.starch-g-acrylic acid/Al2O3), P(CMC-St-g-AA/Al2O3), was prepared and applied for the sorption and separation of Nd(III) from the Nd(III)/Co(II) mixture. This nanocomposite, synthesized with γ-irradiation of 60Co at 35 kGy, was extensively characterized using SEM, FTIR spectroscopy, and TGA-DTA. Parameters affecting neodymium separation were studied, revealing optimal conditions. Kinetic experiments showed agreement with a pseudo-nth-order kinetic model. Isothermal sorption studies indicated multilayer adsorption, with Co(II) and Nd(III) adsorption capacities of 2.781 mg/g and 8.825 mg/g, respectively, at pH 3.0. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed spontaneous and endothermic sorption. Separation factor values peaked at pH 3.0, shaking for 120 min, 0.1 adsorbent dosage, and ambient temperature, highlighting effective Nd-Co separation under these conditions. In conclusion, the comprehensive analysis and successful application of P(CMC-St-g-AA/Al2O3) nanocomposite underscore its potential as a highly efficient and selective sorbent for neodymium separation.
Design and performance investigation of a sliding-mode adaptive proportional–integral–derivative control for cable-breakage scenario
Authors: Di Paola Vincenzo , Caro Stéphane , Zoppi Matteo
Published: September 2024

Controlling a cable-driven parallel robot (CDPR) when a cable breaks is challenging. In this paper, a sliding mode adaptive PID control is designed to ensure a safe guidance of the load when a cable fails. Indeed, regardless when a cable breaks, this control makes it possible enchanting the guidance of the load inside the remaining wrench feasible workspace. In other words, it allows reducing the load oscillation and then increasing the safety of the recovery manoeuvre. Performances are evaluated through simulations by considering a spatial CDPR and comparing the results with a PID control.
Evidence-based development of an instrument for the assessment of teachers’ self-perceptions of their artificial intelligence competence
Authors: Delcker Jan , Heil Joana , Ifenthaler Dirk
Published: September 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) competence in education is a set of skills that enable teachers to ethically and responsibly develop, apply, and evaluate AI for learning and teaching processes. While AI competence becomes a key competence for teachers, current research on the acceptance and use of AI in classroom practice with a specific focus on the required competencies of teachers related to AI is scarce. This study builds on an AI competence model and investigates predispositions of AI competence among N = 480 teachers in vocational schools. Results indicate that AI competence can be modeled as combining six competence dimensions. Findings suggest that the different competence dimensions are currently unequally developed. Pre- and in-service teachers need professional learning opportunities to develop AI competence.
Biosphere Reserves as model regions for transdisciplinarity? A literature review
Authors: Dabard Caroline Hélène , Gohr Charlotte , Weiss Fabio , von Wehrden Henrik , Neumann Frederike , Hordasevych Solomiia , Arieta Bruno , Hammerich Jenny , Meier Caroline , Jargow Janine , Luthardt Vera , Ibisch Pierre L. , Ferreira Ana Filipa
Published: September 2024

The World Network of Biosphere Reserves promotes learning sites for sustainable development, designated under the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere programme (MAB). The programme aims to strengthen biodiversity conservation, economic development and capacity building. Scientific research in and about Biosphere Reserves is expected to support these objectives. In response to a strong focus on natural sciences and conservation issues, calls for transdisciplinary approaches emanated from science and the newest MAB Lima Action Plan. Yet, the extent and contributions of transdisciplinary research in Biosphere Reserves remains unexplored. This study provides a comprehensive and systematic screening of 3304 scientific publications in and about Biosphere Reserves published since 1975. Research within Biosphere Reserves spans a broad spectrum, encompassing social to political to ecological investigations, with a focus on natural sciences and studies conducted mainly in Europe and Asia. We identified an emerging field of transdisciplinary science in research, represented in 336 publications. Most transdisciplinary studies were conducted in Mexican and Indian Biosphere Reserves. While transdisciplinary research provided insights about participation, management and governance in Biosphere Reserves, its transformative potential could be enhanced, notably through stronger forms of participation of non-academic actors in research processes. Our review suggests strengthening knowledge co-creation about transformative solutions and interventions addressing deep leverage points. Scientific research could thereby enhance the role of Biosphere Reserves as model regions for sustainability transformations.
Interventions to improve the quality of low back pain care in emergency departments: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Flanagan Pippa , Waller Robert , Lin Ivan , Richards Karen , Truter Piers , Machado Gustavo C. , Cavalheri Vinicius
Published: September 2024

Low back pain (LBP) is a common reason people visit Emergency Departments (ED). However, the care provided is often not aligned with guideline recommendations. Despite increasing research aiming to promote guideline-based care in EDs, interventions to best implement recommendations are unknown. This study aimed to identify ED LBP implementation interventions that have been trialed and evaluate their effects on ED-relevant outcomes. A systematic review and meta-analysis, including studies that evaluated interventions to improve the quality of care provided to adults presenting to ED with LBP. Databases searched until May 2023 were Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EMBASE (via OVID), and PEDro. Interventions were categorized according to whether they had a patient, clinician, health service, or multiple-level focus. Where possible, meta-analysis was undertaken. Certainty around the results was assessed using the GRADE criteria. Twenty-eight studies were included. Interventions were categorized as patient (n = 2), clinician (n = 8), health service (n = 12), or multiple-level (n = 6) targeted. Overall, interventions successfully reduced the likelihood of receiving an opioid in ED (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.55–0.75). However, no significant effect on lumbar imaging was demonstrated (OR 0.85; 95% CI 0.64–1.12). Subgroup analyses showed that studies reporting high baseline imaging rates ≥ 36% and those that included systems-based changes significantly reduced imaging (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.39–0.93; and OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.45–0.94, respectively). A small reduction in ED length of stay was observed in the group exposed to the LBP interventions (mean difference − 0.38 h; 95% CI − 0.58 to − 0.17). Overall, certainty of evidence was deemed low to very low. Interventions were mostly single-system focused with a preference for education-based implementation strategies targeting patients or clinicians. The interventions reduced the use of opioid medication for LBP in ED, but the effects on lumbar imaging rates were uncertain. Further high-quality research is needed to improve LBP care in this setting.
The Flint Water Crisis and the Perpetuation of Environmental Racism in Flint, Michigan (2014–2018)
Authors: Okunade Olugbenga
Published: September 2024

The nexus between environmental racism and racial capitalism has been well documented. However, the government is often blamed for the perpetuation of some forms of environmental racism. Nonetheless, blaming the government for environmental racism without documenting some actions and policy implementation by the government to mitigate or prevent the re-occurrence of environmental racism tends to be a one-sided view. Consequently, this study examines how the American government plays some roles in the occurrence of environmental racism, that is, the Flint Water Crisis (FWC) in Michigan. Racial capitalism theory is used as a theoretical lens in this study. Racial capitalism, historical residential housing policies, anti-blackness or devaluation of Black bodies, the appointment of Emergency Financial Managers, environmental racism, neoliberalism, laissez-faire, and color-blind racism were the mechanisms driving the occurrence of the FWC. The different actions and policies that were taken by the American government to mitigate or prevent the re-emergence of FWC were also documented. Although, these actions were taken after the occurrence of the FWC. The materials-based method (secondary data) was not only adopted to provide answers to the research question that this study answered but was also used to explain the global dynamic and operation of racial capitalism.
Evaluating trait variation and covariation in perennial, herbaceous crop candidate species using herbarium specimens
Authors: Rubin Matthew , Risano Anastasia M. , Bergh Emma , Sandoval Marissa , Mazumder Samantha , Sherrod Summer , Ciotir Claudia , Herron Sterling A. , Miller Allison J.
Published: September 2024

Contemporary agriculture in many parts of the world consists of annual plant species grown in monoculture, but recently interest has focused on developing perennial, herbaceous species for use in perennial polycultures that offer greater ecosystem services relative to annual monocultures. Because few perennial, herbaceous species were domesticated by early farmers, one of the initial steps in identifying wild, perennial, herbaceous species for potential crop development is understanding patterns of variation and covariation among reproductive traits that underpin yield and vegetative traits. Herbaria can serve as a valuable resource for taxonomically broad surveys of phenotypic variation and covariation for pre-breeding. In this study, we used herbarium specimens to investigate trait variation and covariation in five genera of the legume family (Fabaceae). We addressed two questions: (1) do vegetative and reproductive traits vary as a function of life span (annual vs. perennial species), and are these differences consistent across genera?; and (2) how do vegetative and reproductive traits correlate with one another across lifespan and/or within genera? Reproductive traits and vegetative traits were measured on 535 herbarium specimens representing annual and perennial species of Astragalus, Lupinus, Phaseolus, Strophostyles, and Vigna. While species exhibited intra- and interspecific variation, few morphological differences were observed among annual and perennial species. Correlations among vegetative traits and among reproductive traits were mostly positive when significant, and perennial species generally exhibited more positive correlations between vegetative and reproductive traits than annual species. These data have potential relevance for perennial crop development, and provide further support that herbaria represent a rich, relatively untapped resource of information about plant trait variation and covariation.
Certified data chats for future used car markets
Authors: Engelmann Andreas , Schwabe Gerhard
Published: September 2024

Used car market platforms are interested in extending their offering from information provision to the whole customer journey. Providing certified data on the car’s state and history enables this extension by eliminating the need to physically inspect the car before buying it. Hence, communication and negotiations can move entirely to a used car platform to cover the entire value chain. How can such a market communication be designed when certified data come into play? This study designs and develops a certified data chat for the selective and controlled exchange of blockchain-based certified data in used car negotiations. An experimental market game is played with students to evaluate the usefulness of the chat. The study contributes to the augmentation of market communication with valuable and sensitive data exchange and demonstrates what a key component of a future used car market can look like. It offers three design principles and insight into why certified data chats are useful.
Wissenschaftsfreiheit unter Druck: Ein Plädoyer für die Ermittlung forschungsbefähigender Grundausstattungen von Professuren
Authors: Schimank Uwe
Published: September 2024

Der Beitrag skizziert zunächst das Gesamtbild, welches sich im derzeitigen Hochschulsystem zum Zusammenhang von Forschungsfinanzierung und Gefährdungen der Wissenschaftsfreiheit zeigt. Darauf aufbauend wird der Vorschlag unterbreitet, sich der Grundausstattung von Professuren zuzuwenden. Es sollten diejenigen finanziellen Mittel, die nötig sind, damit eine Professur forschungsfähig ist, auf der subdisziplinären Ebene ermittelt werden. Damit würde den Bundesländern gezeigt, worin ihre Arbeitgeberpflicht besteht, damit ihre Mitarbeiter:innen ihrer Dienstpflicht Forschung adäquat nachkommen können.
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs): an adoptable technology for precise and smart farming
Authors: Makam Swetha , Komatineni Bharath Kumar , Meena Sanwal Singh , Meena Urmila
Published: September 2024

The global population is rapidly increasing, so there is a critical requirement to satisfy the food production demand. Conventional methods of agriculture are inadequate to meet building demand which leads to declining farming sector and adaptable to other industries. Most of the farming activities are highly dependent on the labor which leads to increase in cost and time of operation. The rapid growth of mechanization for all farm activities cannot completely reduce the human involvement. As a result, agricultural automation is critically important. In terms of automation, this study emphasizes the crucial role of UAVs in precision and smart agriculture. The adoption of drones for various farm operations has the possibility to minimize labor requirements as well as operational time. This review provides overview of conceptual design, command flow operation, Micro-controller boards, remote-control systems and attachments like sensors, cameras, motors in UAVs for the purpose of automation in farm activities. The Internet of Things (IoT) employed in UAVs with image processing and machine learning algorithms provides accurate and precision results in farm activities. Furthermore, this study discusses future advancements, limitations and challenges for farmers in adapting to UAVs.

Graphical Abstract
Determinants of multiple maize technology package adoption in Ethiopia: evidence from the Sidama region
Authors: Guye Ashenafi , Tefera Tewodros , Sileshi Million , Edriss Abdi-Khalil
Published: September 2024

The adoption of improved agricultural technology packages is vital in Ethiopia, as the expansion of cultivable land appears nearly exhausted and population size has skyrocketed. However, the country has shown a low adoption rate. Thus, this study aimed to explore the factors that hinder or facilitate the adoption of multiple maize technology packages and intensity of adoption in the northern Sidama zone of Ethiopia. A multistage sampling procedure was applied to gather cross-sectional data from 424 farm households owning 545 maize plots. A multivariate probit and two-limit Tobit models were applied to address the study objectives. The conditional probability results confirmed that maize technology packages are complementary (positive relationship). This infers that agriculture-focused policies that influence the adoption of a single component of technology packages can have a reinforcing advantage over the adoption of other technologies. Furthermore, the results from the models showed that farmers with greater experience, family size, plot size, livestock and oxen ownership, number of maize plots owned, off-farm income, access to credit, extension services and membership in institutions are more likely to adopt at least one of the improved technology packages and achieved a better status of intensity of adoption. Therefore, it is crucial to reinforce and deliver quality extension services, provide credit access, motivate youth to be involved in farming activities, inspire membership and ease the system to access inputs and technologies for broader adoption of technology packages.
Analysis of cell signaling profiles induced by DNA aptamer-based FGFR1 agonist
Authors: Hoshiyama Junya , Hayata Yuri , Eguchi Akihiro , Morimoto Jumpei , Ueki Ryosuke , Sando Shinsuke
Published: September 2024

DNA aptamers have attracted attention as an alternative modality for biomolecules due to their excellent target binding specificity and thermal stability, and they are also expected to be applied as artificial agonists for receptor proteins. DNA aptamer agonist TD0 targeting the receptor of fibroblast growth factor (FGFR), which plays an important role in the fields of wound healing and regenerative medicine, has been reported to induce cellular responses as well as its native ligands. However, it was also noted that there were some different responses upon long-term stimulation, suggesting that the intracellular signals induced by DNA aptamer agonist TD0 are different from those of natural ligands. In this paper, we comprehensively analyzed the intracellular signals induced by DNA aptamer agonist TD0 targeting FGFR1, and compared them with those by natural protein ligand FGF2. It was found that the intracellular signals were highly similar for short-term stimulation. On the other hand, the receptor and the downstream cellular signals showed different activation behaviors for long-time stimulation. Evaluating the stability and sustained activity of DNA aptamer agonist TD0 and FGF2 in the medium suggested that ligand stability may be important in properly regulating cellular responses.

Graphical Abstract
Proposed new definition for hospital-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infections: results of a confirmatory factor analysis
Authors: Reinoso Schiller Nicolás , Baier Claas , Dresselhaus Isabella , Loderstädt Ulrike , Schlüter Dirk , Eckmanns Tim , Scheithauer Simone
Published: September 2024

Objective:

The present study aims to develop and discuss an extension of hospital-acquired severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections (HA-SIs) definition which goes beyond the use of time parameters alone.

Design:

A confirmatory factor analysis was carried out to test a suitable definition for HA-SI.

Setting and Patients:

A two-center cohort study was carried out at two tertiary public hospitals in the German state of lower Saxony. The study involved a population of 366 laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected inpatients enrolled between March 2020 and August 2023.

Results:

The proposed model shows adequate fit indices (CFI.scaled = 0.959, RMSEA = 0.049). A descriptive comparison with existing classifications revealed strong features of our model, particularly its adaptability to specific regional outbreaks.

Conclusion:

The use of the regional incidence as a proxy variable to better define HA-SI cases represents a pragmatic and novel approach. The model aligns well with the latest scientific results in the literature. This work successfully unifies, within a single model, variables which the recent literature described as significant for the onset of HA-SI. Further potential improvements and adaptations of the model and its applications, such as automating the categorization process (in terms of hospital acquisition) or employing a comparable model for hospital-acquired influenza classification, are subjects open for discussion.
Industrial Policy and its Funding at the Frontier of European Integration: Lessons from the Past and Present Challenges
Authors: Felisini Daniela , Paesani Paolo
Published: September 2024

Industrial policy is back on the agenda of policymakers at a global level. In the EU, industrial policy has a very controversial history: it has been not only conditioned by the multilevel competencies shared between the EU and the Member States, by the different national priorities and the varieties of economic cultures, but also by the crucial problem of resources. Based on archival sources and relevant multidisciplinary literature, the paper traces the emergence of European initiatives in industrial policy from the 1960s until the launch of the Europe 2020 strategy (2010). Following this, the role of the Juncker Plan (2014) in promoting EU industrial policy is examined, highlighting the potential contradiction between ambitious goals and limited resources. Subsequently, an analysis is conducted to determine whether the launch of the new EU industrial strategy in 2020, coupled with the adoption of the Next Generation EU, could offer a blueprint for establishing an ambitious EU industrial policy and represent a potential Hamiltonian moment for the Union.
Globalization or Empire? Revolution, the State, and the Geopolitics of Chinese Debt, 1895–1914
Authors: Fitzpatrick Matthew P.
Published: September 2024

Via an investigation of the collaboration between banks and foreign offices, this article demonstrates that the restructuring of China’s state debt before and after the revolution of 1911 was not simply a part of Chinese globalisation undertaken under the benign stewardship of foreign banks. Rather, the contest for Chinese loans reflected a power struggle for regional hegemony between expansionist states that hinged on both competition and cooperation, as well as Chinese attempts to preserve their economic and territorial sovereignty. It further shows that the notion that financial institutions operated independently of the state does not reflect the clear record of close coordination between states and financial institutions during loan negotiations.
Strichartz estimates and global well-posedness of the cubic NLS on
Authors: Herr Sebastian , Kwak Beomjong
Published: September 2024

The optimal

$L^4$

-Strichartz estimate for the Schrödinger equation on the two-dimensional rational torus

$\mathbb {T}^2$

is proved, which improves an estimate of Bourgain. A new method based on incidence geometry is used. The approach yields a stronger

$L^4$

bound on a logarithmic time scale, which implies global existence of solutions to the cubic (mass-critical) nonlinear Schrödinger equation in

$H^s(\mathbb {T}^2)$

for any

$s>0$

and data that are small in the critical norm.
Pressure of a dilute spin-polarized Fermi gas: Lower bound
Authors: Lauritsen Asbjørn Bækgaard , Seiringer Robert
Published: September 2024

We consider a dilute fully spin-polarized Fermi gas at positive temperature in dimensions

$d\in \{1,2,3\}$

. We show that the pressure of the interacting gas is bounded from below by that of the free gas plus, to leading order, an explicit term of order

$a^d\rho ^{2+2/d}$

, where a is the p-wave scattering length of the repulsive interaction and

$\rho $

is the particle density. The results are valid for a wide range of repulsive interactions, including that of a hard core, and uniform in temperatures at most of the order of the Fermi temperature. A central ingredient in the proof is a rigorous implementation of the fermionic cluster expansion of Gaudin, Gillespie and Ripka (Nucl. Phys. A, 176.2 (1971), pp. 237–260).
Sonic Figurations for the Anthropocene: A Musical Bestiary in the Compositions of Liza Lim
Authors: BROWNING JOSEPH , LIM LIZA
Published: September 2024

This article presents a musical bestiary, a collection of creatures found in the work of the composer Liza Lim. It is a thought experiment, meant to unsettle current ways of thinking about music and its relationship with the world. Centring our discussion on sonic figurations rather than on a composer’s works, we experiment with alternative musical ontologies and consider their lessons for understanding the role of contemporary art in a time of ecological breakdown. Thinking of Lim’s musical creations in terms of strange beasts inhabiting the Anthropocene draws out a range of themes – including uncanny ventriloquism, performer-instrument symbiosis, theatricalization and the everyday, musical mourning and witnessing – that might help make sense of the sensory and conceptual derangements of our time. The prose style and nonlinear format are likewise experimental, intended as provocations that we might read and write otherwise about music in the Anthropocene.
THE ACTUAL LOSS ILLUSION
Authors: Fell Andrew , Field Iain
Published: September 2024

On the orthodox account of the private law compensatory principle, the claimant is compensated for the loss that they actually suffered because of the defendant’s wrong. Although the principle has various exceptions, it is widely accepted in both case law and academic commentary. We argue that it is nevertheless flawed, both doctrinally and theoretically. Claimants are never really compensated for their actual loss, and, contrary to popular belief, leading theoretical accounts of private law compensation (corrective justice and the continuity thesis) suggest that a principle of compensation for actual loss is not desirable in any event.
The experience sampling methodology as a digital clinical tool for more person-centered mental health care: an implementation research agenda
Authors: Myin-Germeys Inez , Schick Anita , Ganslandt Thomas , Hajdúk Michal , Heretik Anton , Van Hoyweghen Ine , Kiekens Glenn , Koppe Georgia , Marelli Luca , Nagyova Iveta , Weermeijer Jeroen , Wensing Michel , Wolters Maria , Beames Joanne , de Allegri Manuela , di Folco Simona , Durstewitz Daniel , Katreniaková Zuzana , Lievevrouw Elisa , Nguyen Hoa , Pecenak Jan , Barne Islay , Bonnier Rafael , Brenner Manuel , Čavojská Natália , Dancik Daniel , Kurilla Adam , Niebauer Erica , Sotomayor-Enriquez Koraima , Schulte-Strathaus Julia , de Thurah Lena , Uyttebroek Lotte , Schwannauer Matthias , Reininghaus Ulrich
Published: September 2024

This position paper by the international IMMERSE consortium reviews the evidence of a digital mental health solution based on Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM) for advancing person-centered mental health care and outlines a research agenda for implementing innovative digital mental health tools into routine clinical practice. ESM is a structured diary technique recording real-time self-report data about the current mental state using a mobile application. We will review how ESM may contribute to (1) service user engagement and empowerment, (2) self-management and recovery, (3) goal direction in clinical assessment and management of care, and (4) shared decision-making. However, despite the evidence demonstrating the value of ESM-based approaches in enhancing person-centered mental health care, it is hardly integrated into clinical practice. Therefore, we propose a global research agenda for implementing ESM in routine mental health care addressing six key challenges: (1) the motivation and ability of service users to adhere to the ESM monitoring, reporting and feedback, (2) the motivation and competence of clinicians in routine healthcare delivery settings to integrate ESM in the workflow, (3) the technical requirements and (4) governance requirements for integrating these data in the clinical workflow, (5) the financial and competence related resources related to IT-infrastructure and clinician time, and (6) implementation studies that build the evidence-base. While focused on ESM, the research agenda holds broader implications for implementing digital innovations in mental health. This paper calls for a shift in focus from developing new digital interventions to overcoming implementation barriers, essential for achieving a true transformation toward person-centered care in mental health.
Cricket, Literary Culture and In-Groups in Early Twentieth-Century Britain
Authors: Randall Ollie
Published: September 2024

This article posits that team sports can provide fresh insights into the place of leisure pursuits in the lives, networks and outlooks of historical literary figures. The social and literary role of the Authors Eleven, a cricket side of London-based writers active between 1899 and 1912, is explored through three case studies. George Ives was a pioneering campaigner for gay rights, who used cricket to bolster his homosexual identity. E. W. Hornung, creator of the famous cricketer-thief Raffles, saw cricket as the ideal training – and analogy – for imperialism. And P. G. Wodehouse, author of the Jeeves and Wooster stories, first made his name writing cricket-filled magazine pieces. All three writers saw their involvement in cricket, particularly the Authors Eleven in-group, as an essential component of their social status. The Authors Eleven thus presents a potent example of embodied sociability, whereby the specific nature of what these individuals were doing together (in this case, playing cricket) has a bearing on their friendships and their intellectual outlooks. As ways of understanding the lives and cultural significance of historical figures, shared physical activity and embodied sociability need to be accorded much more importance than they have been hitherto.
Kein Stress ist nicht genug
Authors: Equit Monika , Schäfer Sarah K. , Schanz Christian Günter
Published: September 2024

Stress ist einer der größten Risikofaktoren für die Entstehung psychischer Erkrankungen. Stress zu reduzieren, kann uns helfen, uns besser zu fühlen. Echtes Wohlbefinden entsteht aber nur, wenn es uns gelingt, unsere psychischen Grundbedürfnisse (wie etwa das Bedürfnis nach Bindung und Zugehörigkeit oder nach Selbstverwirklichung) zu erkennen und zu erfüllen. Dabei kommt es jedoch auf die richtige Balance an, denn langfristige Bedürfnisbefriedigung geht immer auch mit Herausforderungen und Belastungen einher. Ziel des vorliegenden Ratgebers ist es, Leser*innen bei dem Spagat zwischen Bedürfnisbefriedigung und Stressbewältigung sowie dem Aufbau und Erhalt der psychischen Gesundheit zu unterstützen. Der Ratgeber nutzt dabei Erkenntnisse und Methoden der Resilienz- und Psychotherapieforschung und zeigt anhand alltagsnaher Beispiele, was wir selbst tun können, um unser psychisches Wohlbefinden zu fördern und unsere Widerstandskräfte zu stärken. Es geht also nicht nur darum, Stress zu reduzieren, sondern auch darum, bedürfnisbefriedigende (Lebens-)Ziele zu verfolgen, Emotionen besser zu regulieren, Resilienz aufzubauen und möglicherweise bereits bestehende psychische Erkrankungen richtig zu behandeln. Auch die Hintergründe der Entstehung von psychischer Gesundheit und Krankheit werden beleuchtet. Zahlreiche Materialien unterstützen den Transfer der Buchinhalte in den Alltag und können nach erfolgter Registrierung von der Hogrefe Website heruntergeladen werden.
Evidence for Wildland Fire Smoke Transport of Microbes From Terrestrial Sources to the Atmosphere and Back
Authors: Bonfantine Krista , Vuono David C. , Christner Brent C. , Moore Rachel , Fox Sam , Dean Timothy , Betancourt Doris , Watts Adam , Kobziar Leda N.
Published: September 2024

Smoke from wildland fires contains more diverse, viable microbes than typical ambient air, yet little is known about the sources and sinks of smoke‐borne microorganisms. Data from molecular‐based surveys suggest that smoke‐borne microorganisms originate from material associated with the vegetation and underlying soils that becomes aerosolized during combustion, however, the sources of microbes in smoke have not yet been experimentally assessed. To elucidate this link, we studied high‐intensity forest fires in the Fishlake National Forest, Utah, USA and applied source‐sink modeling to assemblages of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences recovered from samples of smoke, vegetation, and soil. Our results suggest that 70% of the bacterial taxa in smoke originated from the local aspen (Populus tremuloides) (33%) and soil (37%) communities. In comparison, 42% of bacteria in air sampled prior to the fires could be attributed to these terrestrial sources. When the bacterial assemblages in smoke were modeled as sources to the local communities, they contributed an average of 25% to the terrestrial sinks versus an estimated contribution of <4% from ambient air. Our results provide support for the role of wildland fire in bacterial dispersal and the working hypothesis that smoke is an environmental reservoir of microbes for receiving ecosystems.
ALDH1A3 is the switch that determines the balance of ALDH+ and CD24−CD44+ cancer stem cells, EMT-MET, and glucose metabolism in breast cancer
Authors: Fernando Wasundara , Cruickshank Brianne M. , Arun Raj Pranap , MacLean Maya R. , Cahill Hannah F. , Morales-Quintanilla Fiorella , Dean Cheryl A. , Wasson Marie-Claire D. , Dahn Margaret L. , Coyle Krysta M. , Walker Olivia L. , Power Coombs Melanie R. , Marcato Paola
Published: September 2024

Plasticity is an inherent feature of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and regulates the balance of key processes required at different stages of breast cancer progression, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) versus mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), and glycolysis versus oxidative phosphorylation. Understanding the key factors that regulate the switch between these processes could lead to novel therapeutic strategies that limit tumor progression. We found that aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) regulates these cancer-promoting processes and the abundance of the two distinct breast CSC populations defined by high ALDH activity and CD24−CD44+ cell surface expression. While ALDH1A3 increases ALDH+ breast cancer cells, it inversely suppresses the CD24−CD44+ population by retinoic acid signaling-mediated gene expression changes. This switch in CSC populations induced by ALDH1A3 was paired with decreased migration but increased invasion and an intermediate EMT phenotype. We also demonstrate that ALDH1A3 increases oxidative phosphorylation and decreases glycolysis and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The effects of ALDH1A3 reduction were countered with the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG). In cell culture and tumor xenograft models, 2DG suppresses the increase in the CD24−CD44+ population and ROS induced by ALDH1A3 knockdown. Combined inhibition of ALDH1A3 and glycolysis best reduces breast tumor growth and tumor-initiating cells, suggesting that the combination of targeting ALDH1A3 and glycolysis has therapeutic potential for limiting CSCs and tumor progression. Together, these findings identify ALDH1A3 as a key regulator of processes required for breast cancer progression and depletion of ALDH1A3 makes breast cancer cells more susceptible to glycolysis inhibition.
MiLoPYP: self-supervised molecular pattern mining and particle localization in situ
Authors: Huang Qinwen , Zhou Ye , Bartesaghi Alberto
Published: September 2024

Cryo-electron tomography allows the routine visualization of cellular landscapes in three dimensions at nanometer-range resolutions. When combined with single-particle tomography, it is possible to obtain near-atomic resolution structures of frequently occurring macromolecules within their native environment. Two outstanding challenges associated with cryo-electron tomography/single-particle tomography are the automatic identification and localization of proteins, tasks that are hindered by the molecular crowding inside cells, imaging distortions characteristic of cryo-electron tomography tomograms and the sheer size of tomographic datasets. Current methods suffer from low accuracy, demand extensive and time-consuming manual labeling or are limited to the detection of specific types of proteins. Here, we present MiLoPYP, a two-step dataset-specific contrastive learning-based framework that enables fast molecular pattern mining followed by accurate protein localization. MiLoPYP’s ability to effectively detect and localize a wide range of targets including globular and tubular complexes as well as large membrane proteins, will contribute to streamline and broaden the applicability of high-resolution workflows for in situ structure determination.
Machine learning to predict morphology, topography and mechanical properties of sustainable gelatin-based electrospun scaffolds
Authors: Roldán Elisa , Reeves Neil D. , Cooper Glen , Andrews Kirstie
Published: September 2024

Electrospinning is an outstanding manufacturing technique for producing nano-micro-scaled fibrous scaffolds comparable to biological tissues. However, the solvents used are normally hazardous for the health and the environment, which compromises the sustainability of the process and the industrial scaling. This novel study compares different machine learning models to predict how green solvents affect the morphology, topography and mechanical properties of gelatin-based scaffolds. Gelatin-based scaffolds were produced with different concentrations of distillate water (dH2O), acetic acid (HAc) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). 2214 observations, 12 machine learning approaches, including Generalised Linear Models, Generalised Additive Models, Generalised Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS), Decision Trees, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine and Artificial Neural Network, and a total of 72 models were developed to predict diameter of the fibres, inter-fibre separation, roughness, ultimate tensile strength, Young’s modulus and strain at break. The best GAMLSS models improved the performance of R2 with respect to the popular regression models by 6.868%, and the MAPE was improved by 21.16%. HAc highly influenced the morphology and topography; however, the importance of DMSO was higher in the mechanical properties. The addition of the morphological properties as covariates in the topographic and mechanical models enhanced their understanding.
Fat body glycolysis defects inhibit mTOR and promote distant muscle disorganization through TNF-α/egr and ImpL2 signaling in Drosophila larvae
Authors: Rodríguez-Vázquez Miriam , Falconi Jennifer , Heron-Milhavet Lisa , Lassus Patrice , Géminard Charles , Djiane Alexandre
Published: September 2024

The fat body in Drosophila larvae functions as a reserve tissue and participates in the regulation of organismal growth and homeostasis through its endocrine activity. To better understand its role in growth coordination, we induced fat body atrophy by knocking down several key enzymes of the glycolytic pathway in adipose cells. Our results show that impairing the last steps of glycolysis leads to a drastic drop in adipose cell size and lipid droplet content, and downregulation of the mTOR pathway and REPTOR transcriptional activity. Strikingly, fat body atrophy results in the distant disorganization of body wall muscles and the release of muscle-specific proteins in the hemolymph. Furthermore, we showed that REPTOR activity is required for fat body atrophy downstream of glycolysis inhibition, and that the effect of fat body atrophy on muscles depends on the production of TNF-α/egr and of the insulin pathway inhibitor ImpL2.
Efficient multicolour and white circularly polarized luminescence from liquid crystalline polymer networks
Authors: Shi Fengyun , Xu Liting , Zhao Jinghua , Li Zonglin , Zhang Wei , Yang Yonggang , Li Hongkun
Published: September 2024

Several liquid crystalline polymer network films with bright multicolour and white circularly polarized luminescence have been fabricated, which exhibit luminescence dissymmetry factors up to 0.85 and fluorescence quantum yields up to 90%.
Advanced core–shell hollow carbon nanofibers for ion and electron accessibility in sodium ion batteries
Authors: He Zhisong , Liu Yu , Yuan Xiaozhi , Wei Xijun , Liu Shibo , Cao Yang , Lu Changrui , Wang Zhixin , Zhao Bo , Wan Qi , Song Yingze
Published: September 2024

One-dimensional core–shell hollow carbon nanofibers are prepared by a coaxial electrospinning method, which exhibits multi-surface properties that enhance electrolyte infiltration and facilitate ion/electron transport in sodium-ion batteries.
Tuneable stimuli-responsive behaviour, spectroscopic signatures and redox properties of indolo[3,2-b]carbazole-based diradicals
Authors: Badía-Domínguez Irene , Wang Deliang , Nash Rosie , Jolín Víctor Hernández , Collison David , Shanmugam Muralidharan , Li Hongxiang , Hartl František , Ruiz Delgado M. Carmen
Published: September 2024

Here we investigate how structural changes stabilise (or destabilise) indolcarbazole-based diradical systems, demonstrating that they are very useful motifs for dynamic covalent chemistry.
Forced air oscillations – pneumatic capacitance in microfluidic oscillators produces non-linear responses and emergent behaviors
Authors: Lesher-Pérez Sasha Cai , Vasani Vishwa , So Jihye , Takayama Shuichi
Published: September 2024

We develop a model for and explore the effects of compressibility in pneumatically actuated microfluidic circuit elements and experimentally validate the model with a positively pressurized microfluidic air oscillator.
Metal oxide complexes as precursors of sulfide catalysts for HDS of DBT
Authors: Amaya-Bustos S. L. , Alonso-Núñez G. , Díaz De León J. N. , Fuentes S. , Echavarría-Isaza Adriana
Published: September 2024

Metal oxide complexes based on Ni, Co, Mo, or W were prepared by a hydrothermal method and layered structures, identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), were obtained.
Tunable monovalent cation separation in polymeric carbon nitride membranes via multivalent ions
Authors: Zeng Qinglun , Yi Lanhua , Ying Yue , Ban Zhiyong , Yao Yongji , Xie Han , Yang Jinlei , Yi Wei , Lu Yebo , Wang Xingzhu
Published: September 2024

A substantial improvement in monovalent cation selectivity ratios (improving from 7 to 22 for K+/Li+ in mixtures) was achieved by 2D conjugated polymeric carbon nitride membranes through the strategic incorporation of LaCl3.
Recent advances in the multicomponent synthesis of pyrazoles
Authors: Zhou Jing , Zhou Quanquan , Wan Jie-Ping
Published: September 2024

Recent advances in the multicomponent synthesis of pyrazoles have been reviewed. The reactions involving hydrazine, hydrazine, diazo compound, and nitrile/amine as NN donors are summarized.
Exploring the gelation and AIE properties of a tripodal acylhydrazone-based probe: turn-on Zn(ii) sensing in HEPES buffer
Authors: Moral Rubi , Das Gopal
Published: September 2024

An acylhydrazone-based AIE active probe, TRI-QUI, shows turn-on response towards Zn2+ in HEPES buffer. TRI-QUI forms gel in DMSO : H2O (2 : 3, v/v), and it interacts with different metal ions or anions and also encapsulates small molecules.
Curvature induces and enhances transport of spinning colloids through narrow channels
Authors: Cereceda-López Eric , De Corato Marco , Pagonabarraga Ignacio , Meng Fanlong , Tierno Pietro , Ortiz-Ambriz Antonio
Published: September 2024

Curvature in a microfluidic channel can be used to induce and enhance the propulsion of magnetically driven microscopic rotors.
Histone H3 mutations and their impact on genome stability maintenance
Authors: Caeiro Lucas D. , Verdun Ramiro E. , Morey Lluis
Published: September 2024

Histones are essential for maintaining chromatin structure and function. Histone mutations lead to changes in chromatin compaction, gene expression, and the recruitment of DNA repair proteins to the DNA lesion. These disruptions can impair critical DNA repair pathways, such as homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining, resulting in increased genomic instability, which promotes an environment favorable to tumor development and progression. Understanding these mechanisms underscores the potential of targeting DNA repair pathways in cancers harboring mutated histones, offering novel therapeutic strategies to exploit their inherent genomic instability for better treatment outcomes. Here, we examine how mutations in histone H3 disrupt normal chromatin function and DNA damage repair processes and how these mechanisms can be exploited for therapeutic interventions.
Evaluation Index System of High Quality Economic Development Level in Ethnic Regions-Comparative Analysis of Six Adjacent Cities in Yun-nan, Sichuan, and Guizhou Provinces
Authors: Yao Anshou , Wu Junhua , Yang Yongpan , Liu Kai
Published: September 2024

Building a high-quality economic development evaluation system in ethnic areas can well solve the problems of unbalanced and inadequate high-quality economic development in regions; Method: By analyzing the government data of six adjacent cities in Yunnan, Sichuan, and Guizhou provinces, five primary indicators and 27 secondary indicators covering economic vitality, innovation efficiency, green development, people’s living and social harmony were constructed. By combining obstacle degree, coupling degree, and coupling coordination degree models, the high-quality development situation was empirically measured; As a result, Chuan D is weaker than the other five cities and states in four aspects: economic vitality, innovation efficiency, green development, and people’s livelihood, ranking first; The conclusion is to use it to evaluate and analyze the results of high-quality economic development in the six adjacent cities of Yunnan, Sichuan, and Guizhou provinces, and to revise the basic indicators of the system in order to better guide and guide the practice of high-quality economic development in ethnic areas.
A Study on the Perception of Safety Management in Middle School Physical Education Teachers
Authors: Li Cheng , Lin Chun , Liang Tian , Yue Bin
Published: September 2024

Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study is to establish a school safety culture through research on safety management as perceived by middle school physical education teachers. Research Method This study was conducted through in-depth interviews using a purposive sampling method from August 1 to September 30, 2024. Results: First, mandatory implementation of prevention education and safety education manuals and programs to increase prevention awareness. RAM is required. Second, regular facility and teaching management inspections are necessary and safety accidents can be prevented. Third, awareness of prevention and follow-up measures must improve a safe educational environment through institutional improvements in safety liability. Fourth, a safety training manual should be developed and unified and systematic training should be conducted. Conclusion Application to actual classroom environment. There is a need to develop a unified school safety education manual and systematic program.
Multi-dimensional Evaluation Research on Development Potential of Airports-type National Logistics Hubs
Authors: Shi Xuegang , Hu Yuanning
Published: September 2024

The research object selected in the article is the 11 airport-type national logistics hubs (except Qingdao and Wuhan-Ezhou) that have been selected for the construction list, for which the evaluation system of the development potential of the airport-type national logistics hubs is established, and the weights of the indexes are calculated by using the combination of CRITIC-entropy weighting method, and evaluated and analyzed by using the one-dimensional and pentagonal multi-dimensional evaluation methods respectively, and then analyzed by comparing and contrasting, based on the results of the evaluation. The evaluation results are divided into types by cluster analysis. The results show that: the two factors that have the greatest influence on the development of airport-type hubs are the scale of hub facilities and the economic support capacity of the hub-bearing cities; the types of airport-type national logistics hubs are divided into three types: development advantages, development stability and development potential; the development situation of each type of hub is analyzed and development suggestions are given. Thus, it plans the networked and cooperative operation system of the airport-type national logistics hub from the perspective of top-level design for the relevant national departments, and provides reference for the planning and construction of the subsequent hubs.