bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERIPHERAL VENOUS PUNCTURE AND CONTRAST IN RADIOLOGICAL EXAMS: SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS ANCHORED IN NEUMAN’S STRESSORS
Authors: Lemos Romanda da Costa Pereira Barboza , Arreguy-Sena Cristina , Melo Laércio Deleon de , Brandão Marcos Antônio Gomes , Braga Luciene Muniz , Krempser Paula
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: to discuss the social representations about peripheral venipuncture and the use of contrast media of people submitted to radiological examinations, referring to stressor concept. Method: this is qualitative research, outlined in the procedural approach of the Social Representation Theory, carried out with 57 users undergoing computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging at a university hospital in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. In-depth individual interviews triggered by guiding questions were conducted in January 2019. The contents of the interviews were fully transcribed and content analysis was carried out in three stages (pre-analysis, material exploration and treatment/interpretation of results). We established thematic analysis based on the dimensions and representational origins, which made it possible to discuss the findings anchored in the concepts of stressors, allowing the identification of three categories based on intrapersonal, interpersonal and transpersonal stressors. Results: puncture and examination were represented by individual, group, professional and therapeutic environment experiences, classified into the following categories: itinerary and conceptions on puncture and contrasted examinations based on intrapersonal stressors; shared relationships on puncture and examination, based on interpersonal stressors; and experiences in the therapeutic environment of a diagnostic imaging service, based on transpersonal stressors. Conclusion: the social representations were signified by examination, results and impacts on life, portraying stressors based on images/feelings of doubt and positive behaviors rationally justified, which explain human responses to reified content, enabling the restructuring of health care and nursing.
GENERAL HEALTH AND PERCEIVED/FEARED DISCRIMINATION IN THE LGBT+ COMMUNITY
Authors: Ortega Quezada Iván Rodrigo , Pujol-Cols Lucas , Lazzaro-Salazar Mariana
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the relationship of perceived and feared discrimination with general health in LGBT+ people according to schooling level, gender identity and socioeconomic level. Method: a cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted. The sample consisted of 120 participants of legal age from the Maule region (Chile) who belonged to the LGBT+ community and answered an online survey due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The survey also included an open question for the participants to share discrimination experiences regarding the treatment received from the Nursing personnel. The quantitative data were examined by means of descriptive and inferential analyses (means difference and correlation tests). The results extracted were analyzed following the thematic and discursive analysis techniques. Results: although perceived discrimination had low prevalence in the sample, 44.17%, 38.33% and 32.51% manifested fear of not being loved, of not finding a job and of being rejected by their family for being part of the LGBT+ community, respectively. Likewise, discrimination was higher in the group of trans people and was mainly reflected in unjustified dismissals, difficulties finding a job or ill-treatment in the provision of health services. Finally, it was found that the participants exposed to more discrimination also reported worse general health. Conclusions: discrimination is a problem that affects the LGBT+ community, particularly the trans collective. The severe implications of discrimination for people's health evidence the need to design strategies, policies and regulations aimed at fostering tolerance and integration.
Projeto Saúde Brumadinho: aspectos metodológicos e perfil epidemiológico dos participantes da linha de base da coorte
Authors: Peixoto Sérgio Viana , Firmo Josélia Oliveira Araújo , Fróes-Asmus Carmen Ildes Rodrigues , Mambrini Juliana Vaz de Melo , Freitas Carlos Machado de , Lima-Costa Maria Fernanda , Souza Júnior Paulo Roberto Borges de
Published: November 2022

RESUMO: Objetivo: Apresentar os aspectos metodológicos do Projeto Saúde Brumadinho e descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos participantes da linha de base da coorte. Métodos: Coorte prospectiva, de base populacional, em amostra representativa dos residentes (12 anos ou mais de idade) de Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, após rompimento de barragem de rejeitos de mineração. As informações para a linha de base foram coletadas em 2021, dois anos após o rompimento da barragem de rejeitos de mineração, incluindo aspectos sociodemográficos, de saúde, uso de serviços, entre outros. Foram descritas prevalências de desfechos em saúde em Brumadinho, bem como na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte e em Minas Gerais, utilizando os dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2019. Todas as análises foram realizadas no Stata 17.0, considerando-se os pesos amostrais e o efeito de delineamento. Resultados: Participaram 3.080 (86,4%) moradores, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (56,7%) e com média de idade de 46,1 anos. As doenças referidas mais frequentes foram hipertensão arterial (30,1%), colesterol alto (23,1%) e depressão (22,5%). Pelo menos uma consulta médica e uma hospitalização no último ano ocorreram em 75,2% e 9,4% dos entrevistados, respectivamente. Conclusão: É importante o monitoramento das condições de saúde, físicas e mentais, após ocorrência de um desastre dessa magnitude. Esse conhecimento poderá contribuir para a gestão de risco desses processos não só no município atingido, mas em outras áreas nas quais as populações estão sob risco de grandes desastres.
Protocol of the Longitudinal Study on Child Health in Brumadinho (MG): “Bruminha Project”
Authors: Asmus Carmen Ildes Rodrigues Fróes , Santos Aline de Souza Espindola , Saraiva Renan Duarte dos Santos , Oliveira Ana Paula Natividade de , Silva Ivisson Carneiro Medeiros da , Mazoto Maíra Lopes , Costa Michele Alves , Câmara Volney de Magalhães
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT: Objective: To present the research protocol and to describe the preliminary results of the Bruminha Project. Methods: This project is part of the set of health actions proposed under the Brumadinho Health Project. It is a prospective cohort study with periodic follow-ups for four years. The eligible population was all children aged 0 to 6 years living in four rural communities of the affected municipality. Sociodemographic and health data were collected, as well as urinary samples, for assessment of exposure to metals. Results: In the first year of study, we evaluated 62% (217) of the eligible population and collected 172 (79%) valid urine samples. At least one metal was detected in all samples, and in 50.6% (n=87) or them, the metal concentration was higher than the reference value. In 38% (n=82) of the children, neuropsychomotor development was considered at risk. Report of respiratory allergy was four times (4.27) more frequent and of bronchitis 62% higher (1.62) in children living in locations exposed to dust from ore residues, compared to those living more than 10 km away from the site of the dam disaster. Conclusion: The study protocol was proven adequate to evaluate the proposed outcomes. The strategy used for population selection required adjustments regarding the long-term community awareness process, with new participants in the upcoming follow-ups (2022 and 2023).
Projeto Saúde Brumadinho: insegurança alimentar e nutricional versus condições socioeconômicas e dimensões do sistema alimentar após desastre
Authors: Lopes Mariana Souza , Freitas Patrícia Pinheiro de , Nascimento-Souza Mary Anne , Peixoto Sérgio Viana , Lopes Aline Cristine Souza
Published: November 2022

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a situação de insegurança alimentar das famílias segundo as características socioeconômicas e dimensões do sistema alimentar em Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, Brasil, após desastre. Métodos: Estudo descritivo com foco no domicílio realizado pela linha de base do Projeto Saúde Brumadinho. A insegurança alimentar, desfecho principal, foi avaliada pela Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar curta. Outras variáveis investigadas foram: socioeconômicas; estrato geográfico do domicílio; ativos (bens); renda; despesas familiares; cultivo de alimentos e criação de animais para consumo. Foram realizadas análises descritivas comparando a insegurança alimentar do domicílio segundo as demais variáveis pelo teste χ2 para comparação das proporções. Resultados: Dos domicílios investigados (n=1.441), 35,1% estavam em situação de insegurança alimentar. As famílias em insegurança alimentar apresentavam: menores prevalências de domicílios de alvenaria com revestimento (91,4%; IC95% 87,7%−94,1% vs. 96,7%; IC95% 94,9%−97,8%); maior proporção de fossa rudimentar (16,9%; IC95% 13,3%−21,2% vs. 9,4%; IC95% 7,4−11,9); menor prevalência de domicílios próprios e quitados (63,9%; IC95% 56,8−70,5 vs. 77,3%; IC95% 72,3−81,7); e redução da renda após o rompimento da barragem (33,0%; IC95% 27,1−39,6 vs. 14,1%; IC95% 11,2−17,6), quando comparadas àquelas em segurança alimentar. Conclusão: A prevalência de insegurança alimentar foi elevada, com relato de redução da renda das famílias após o rompimento da barragem. Ademais, boa parte dos domicílios apresentava pior qualidade estrutural e escoamento de esgoto. Esses resultados evidenciam a vulnerabilidade das famílias e possível violação do direito humano à alimentação adequada, denotando a urgência de ações reparadoras contínuas.
Prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and associated factors in the adult population from the area affected by the tailings dam rupture – Brumadinho Health Project
Authors: Garcia Frederico Duarte , Neves Maila de Castro Lourenço das , Firmo Josélia Oliveira Araújo , Peixoto Sérgio Viana , Castro-Costa Erico
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT: Objective: To examine the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and associated factors in the adult population of Brumadinho (MG), after the dam collapse. Methods: We included 2,740 participants with information about symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, thoughts of death/self-harm, and poor sleep quality collected in 2021. Prevalence values of all conditions were estimated to compare the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms with the participants’ sociodemographic characteristics and place of residence. Pearson’s c2 test was used, with Rao Scott’s correction. Crude and adjusted logistic regressions estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals to assess the association between psychiatric symptoms and participants’ characteristics. Results: The most common condition was depressive symptoms (29.3%), followed by post-traumatic stress symptoms (22.9%) and anxious symptoms (18.9%). Regarding the association between participants’ characteristics in the adjusted analysis, being a female and living in a mining area was positively associated with symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, thoughts of death/self-harm, and poor sleep quality. A positive association was also found between high school education and post-traumatic stress symptoms. In contrast a negative association was found between being aged ≥60 years and symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Conclusion: High prevalence values were found for all psychiatric symptoms after the dam failure in Brumadinho. Being a female, living in the mining area, being ≥60 years old, and having an educational level were all associated with the psychiatric symptoms investigated.
Prevalência de sintomas psiquiátricos e seus fatores associados na população adulta da área atingida pelo rompimento da barragem de rejeitos: Projeto Saúde Brumadinho
Authors: Garcia Frederico Duarte , Neves Maila de Castro Lourenço das , Firmo Josélia Oliveira Araújo , Peixoto Sérgio Viana , Castro-Costa Erico
Published: November 2022

RESUMO: Objetivo: Examinar a prevalência dos sintomas psiquiátricos e seus fatores associados na população adulta de Brumadinho (MG), após o rompimento da barragem. Métodos: Foram incluídos 2.740 participantes com informações coletadas em 2021 sobre os sintomas de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT), depressão, ansiedade, ideias de morte/automutilação e pior qualidade do sono. Estimaram-se as prevalências de todas as condições. Para a comparação das prevalências dos sintomas psiquiátricos e as características sociodemográficas e local de moradia, empregou-se o teste χ2 de Pearson, com correção de Rao-Scott. Regressões logísticas brutas e ajustadas estimaram os odds ratios e intervalos de confiança de 95%, permitindo a avaliação da associação entre os sintomas psiquiátricos e as características dos participantes. Resultados: Os sintomas depressivos foram a condição mais prevalente (29,3%), seguidos pelos sintomas de TEPT (22,9%) e sintomas ansiosos (18,9%). Com relação à investigação da associação entre as características dos participantes na análise ajustada, observou-se que o sexo feminino e os moradores da área de mineração apresentaram relação positiva com os sintomas de TEPT, depressivos, ansiosos, ideia de morte e pior qualidade de sono. Também se encontraram associação positiva entre a escolaridade de nível médio e os sintomas de TEPT e associação negativa entre aqueles com ≥60 anos e os sintomas de TEPT, depressivos e ansiosos. Conclusão: Altas prevalências foram encontradas para todos os sintomas psiquiátricos após a ruptura da barragem em Brumadinho. Sexo feminino, local de moradia na área de mineração, ≥60 anos e escolaridade foram associados aos sintomas psiquiátricos investigados.
Prevalence of metal levels above the reference values in a municipality affected by the collapse of a mining tailings dam: Brumadinho Health Project
Authors: Mota Paula Junqueira , Alonzo Herling Gregorio Aguilar , André Leiliane Coelho , Câmara Volney de Magalhães , Campolina Délio , Santos Aline de Souza Espíndola , Fróes-Asmus Carmen Ildes Rodrigues , Peixoto Sérgio Viana
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the prevalence of levels of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead and manganese above the reference values (RV) in the population of Brumadinho, after the rupture of the mining tailings dam and to verify the factors associated with these levels. Methods: Baseline study of a prospective cohort, in a representative sample of 3,080 residents (aged 12 and over) in Brumadinho, Minas Gerais. Exploratory variables (age, sex, skin color, household income, smoking and place of residence) were collected using a questionnaire and the levels of As, Cd and Hg in urine and Pb and Mn in blood were evaluated using the technique of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The distribution of prevalence of levels above the reference for metals was made, according to the exploratory variables. Multiple logistic regression analyzes were used to investigate the association between altered levels of metals and characteristics evaluated. Results: Concentrations above RV were found in 38.08% of the population for Mn, 33.37% for As, 5.04% for Pb, 0.76% for Hg and 0.17% for Cd. There was a significant association between age group and levels of Mn and Pb; and between place of residence and As level. Conclusion: The results show a high prevalence of levels above the reference for Mn, As and Pb, with small differences in relation to the other variables, suggesting that it is an exposure distributed throughout the municipality.
ABEM consensus for the brazilian medical schools’ communication curriculum
Authors: Grosseman Suely , Hokama Newton Key , Cruvinel Agnes de Fátima Pereira , Franzoi Ana Cristina , Moura Eliane Perlatto , Muraguchi Evelin Massae Ogatta , Novaes Fernanda Patrícia Soares Souto , Raimondi Gustavo Antonio , Moura Josemar de Almeida , Torreão Lara de Araújo , Pereira Maria Amélia Dias , Philippi Miriam May , Oliveira Mônica da Cunha , Alves Rosana
Published: November 2022

Abstract: Introduction: Communication is an essential competence for the physician and other professional categories, and must be developed their professional training. The creation of a communication project including a Brazilian consensus aimed to subsidize medical schools in preparing medical students to communicate effectively with Brazilian citizens, with plural intra and inter-regional characteristics, based on the professionalism and the Brazilian Unified System (SUS) principles. Objective: The objective of this manuscript is to present the consensus for the teaching of communication in Brazilian medical schools. Method: The consensus was built collaboratively with 276 participants, experts in communication, faculty, health professionals and students from 126 medical schools and five health institutions in face-to-face conference meetings and biweekly or monthly virtual meetings. In the meetings, the participants’ experiences and bibliographic material were shared, including international consensuses, and the consensus under construction was presented, with group discussion to list new components for the Brazilian consensus, followed by debate with everyone, to agree on them. The final version was approved in a virtual meeting with invitation to all participants in July 2021. After the submission, several changes were required, which demanded new meetings to review the consensus final version. Result: The consensus is based on assumptions that communication should be relationship-centered, embedded on professionalism, grounded on the SUS principles and social participation, and based on the National Guidelines for the undergraduate medical course, theoretical references and scientific evidence. Specific objectives to develop communication competence in the students are described, covering: theoretical foundations; literature search and its critical evaluation; documents drafting and editing; intrapersonal and interpersonal communication in the academicscientific environment, in health care and in health management; and, communication in diverse clinical contexts. The inclusion of communication in the curriculum is recommended from the beginning to the end of the course, integrated with other contents and areas of knowledge. Conclusion: It is expected that this consensus contributes the review or implementation of communication in Brazilian medical schools’ curricula.
Olarias, escravidão e a dinâmica da produção, circulação e consumo de vasilhames cerâmicos em Campos dos Goytacazes no século XIX
Authors: REZENDE RODRIGO CASTRO , SYMANSKI LUIS
Published: November 2022

RESUMO O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar o trânsito da cultura material de Campos dos Goytacazes Oitocentista, a partir do cotejamento de duas fontes de áreas do conhecimento distintas: os vestígios arqueológicos e as manuscritas. Assim, partiremos das pesquisas arqueológicas feitas na Fazenda do Colégio entre 2012 e 2016, considerando o material cerâmico (louças importadas e cerâmicas locais) presente nos espaços do solar e das senzalas. Há claras diferenças entre os dois espaços, que nos permitem entender que o consumo de louças e cerâmicas estava diretamente relacionado à posição econômica e social dos agentes responsáveis pela formação desses depósitos. Posteriormente, nos debruçaremos sobre os anúncios e notícias presentes no periódico Monitor Campista, entre 1834 e 1887, período da escravidão na região. Nessa documentação, será possível averiguar informações relativas ao fabrico, circulação e consumo de cerâmicas utilitárias feitas tanto em âmbito local quanto também regional, assim como as louças importadas. De modo igualmente caro à pesquisa, serão examinadas as entradas sobre olarias e oleiros, na tentativa de tentar desvendar minimamente as técnicas e os trânsitos culturais existentes em Campos dos Goytacazes no período em tela. Desse percurso metodológico, serão confrontadas as fontes historiográficas (Monitor Campista) e a materialidade (vestígios arqueológicos) a fim de entender com o entrelaçamento entre as duas o consumo de cerâmicas utilitárias de grupos livres da elite, sobretudo, e os escravizados; e as circulações materiais e imateriais que orbitavam as louças e cerâmicas da região.
The Athenian Theater as the Stage for Political Factions: A Political Dispute in the Comedy The Frogs by Aristophanes (405 BC)
Authors: Puga Dolores
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to analyze the late 5th century BC in Athens through the lens of an Aristophanic comedy. We shed light on the role of political factions (the hetaireia), which were not limited to public assemblies: by funding stage plays, they constituted a form of political persuasion over the citizens who would vote on matters discussed in the assemblies. For this purpose, we examined the choregic system as a form of domination, analyzed Andocides’ speeches from 415 BC about political disputes (both in theater and, more subtly, in opposition groups), and investigated the topic through a discourse analysis of the comedy The Frogs by Aristophanes (Bátrakhoi, 405 BC).
Ética participativa em Bakhtin. Pandemia e pansemia
Authors: Arán Pampa , Ponce Ariel Gómez
Published: November 2022

RESUMO O projeto filosófico concebido por Bakhtin no início do século XX visava fundar uma filosofia moral que modificasse a atuação do homem na vida cotidiana e na cultura. A data em que se presume que o texto foi escrito [1924?] indicaria o rumo que tomava esse pensamento e o modo como ele propunha, quase utopicamente, a transformação cultural em um momento marcado por enormes tensões políticas e a construção social de um sujeito concreto, cuja responsabilidade moral estivesse historicamente situada e se convertesse em um modo de ação participativa. Desde aquele momento histórico, um século se passou, e hoje pode ser oportuno confrontá-lo com o nosso presente, em um planeta governado pela economia capitalista e uma população sofrendo com uma pandemia de grandes proporções. Longe da pretensão de estabelecer uma comparação, oferecemos alguns apontamentos e imagens que estimulam a reflexão sobre essa filosofia ética, a qual não acreditamos poder abarcar em sua complexidade1
Para onde foram os partidos na opinião pública? As percepções sobre os partidos políticos na redemocratização no Brasil
Authors: Meneguello Rachel , Amaral Oswaldo E. do
Published: November 2022

RESUMO Neste artigo, apresentamos a percepção dos eleitores brasileiros sobre os partidos políticos desde o processo de redemocratização nos anos 1980. Mostramos, a partir de diversos surveys de opinião pública realizados nesse período, que, desde o fim do regime autoritário, os partidos políticos não foram capazes de construir ampla legitimidade junto à sociedade como elementos fundamentais para o funcionamento do regime democrático. Argumentamos que, embora inserido em uma tendência internacional, o caso brasileiro possui elementos históricos e institucionais que dificultam a construção de bases partidárias sólidas e resultam em permanente dilema para a consolidação democrática.
Ação coletiva multinível e inovação socioecológica na governança florestal
Authors: Cordeiro-Beduschi Liviam E. , Adams Cristina , Araujo Luciana Gomes de , Padovezi Aurelio , Buzati Jordano Roma , Schmidt Marcus Vinícius Chamon , Santos Raquel Rodrigues dos
Published: November 2022

RESUMO Considerando o debate contemporâneo sobre as questões florestais, este artigo faz uma análise dos principais pontos comuns que foram destacados durante o Web-Seminário “Construindo Diálogos sobre Governança Florestal” e através dos artigos reunidos no Dossiê Governança florestal da revista Estudos Avançados do Instituto de Estudos Avançados da Universidade de São Paulo. Destacamos que a governança florestal se apresenta como um processo em constante evolução e deverá seguir promovendo a aproximação dos multiatores nos diversos níveis e escalas de decisão sobre as florestas e paisagens multifuncionais, e assim, fortalecer uma agenda de governança interdisciplinar e promotora de soluções com base nas melhores relações da sociedade com os sistemas socioecológicos.
Variação sazonal de indicadores físico-químicos e fitotoxicológicos em lixiviado de aterro sanitário localizado no semiárido brasileiro
Authors: Nascimento Samanda Costa , da Silva Elisângela Maria , Gomes Naiara Angelo , Ribeiro Libânia da Silva da Silva , Melo Márcio Camargo de , Monteiro Veruschka Escarião Dessoles
Published: November 2022

RESUMO A composição do lixiviado de aterros sanitários sofre influência de diversos fatores, entre eles as condições climáticas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo consistiu em analisar a variação sazonal na composição e na toxicidade do lixiviado gerado no aterro sanitário localizado em Campina Grande (PB), região semiárida do Brasil, o qual apresentava idade inferior a cinco anos (aterro jovem). A amostragem foi constituída de sete coletas de lixiviado e passou por caracterização físico-química e análises fitotoxicológicas em sementes de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) e repolho (Brassica oleracea). Na avaliação fitotoxicológica, foram analisados os indicadores crescimento relativo da raiz (CRR) e inibição do crescimento da raiz (ICR), expostos a três tratamentos, cujas concentrações foram de 1, 5 e 10% de lixiviado. Para avaliar a relação da precipitação com a composição e a toxicidade do lixiviado, foi utilizada a análise de correlação entre as variáveis estudadas. De acordo com os resultados, verificou-se que a precipitação influenciou na redução do pH, no entanto, para os demais indicadores físico-químicos (alcalinidade total, nitrogênio amoniacal total, cloretos, demanda química de oxigênio e sólidos voláteis) e para os indicadores fitotoxicológicos (CRR e ICR), não foram obtidas relações com a precipitação. Logo, os eventos de chuva determinados neste estudo não causaram alterações na composição nem na toxicidade do lixiviado.
Governança da água em município de pequeno porte: análise baseada no sistema socioecológico e nos princípios de Ostrom
Authors: Lima Daniela de Freitas , Araújo Jabes Melquíades de , Ribeiro Márcia Maria Rios
Published: November 2022

Resumo Nesta pesquisa, analisa-se a governança da água do reservatório responsável pelo abastecimento da área urbana de um município de pequeno porte: São Miguel (RN). Para tanto, utilizaram-se as técnicas de pesquisa análise documental e observação participante para investigar o sistema socioecológico no contexto de colapso de água que acomete o município e verificar o atendimento aos princípios institucionais de Ostrom para a governança da água nessa localidade. Constatou-se que a escassez de recurso hídrico é resultante de um sistema não sustentável, uma vez que o sistema de recurso possui uma realidade climática que não é bem administrada; parte das unidades de recurso enfrenta escassez prolongada; o sistema de governança possui atuação deficitária; e os atores sofrem os impactos negativos dessa performance por meio da falta de água. A governança dos recursos hídricos do reservatório principal para abastecimento urbano mostra-se fragilizada, mas tem obtido avanços a partir do processo de alocação negociada de água. As estruturas de análise aplicadas permitiram detectar a realidade da governança da água da área de estudo e demonstrar a necessidade de implementação de melhorias, entre quais está a atuação concreta e assertiva das organizações responsáveis direta ou indiretamente pela questão hídrica de São Miguel (RN).
Comportamento da permeabilidade não saturada em camada de cobertura de aterro sanitário no semiárido brasileiro
Authors: Silva Thiago Fernandes da , Santos Jeovana Jisla das Neves , Souza Jordan Carneiro Martins de , Araújo Pabllo da Silva , Paiva William de
Published: November 2022

Resumo A camada de cobertura de aterros sanitários tem como função principal minimizar fluxos de gases tóxicos à atmosfera e a infiltração de águas pluviais para o interior do maciço, no entanto a permeabilidade à água em condições saturadas (ksat) não transmite a real situação em que o solo se encontra, sobretudo em aterros sanitários de regiões semiáridas, sendo a permeabilidade na condição não saturada (knsat) essencial para compreender o comportamento dessa camada. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar o comportamento de knsat de um solo utilizado na camada de cobertura de um aterro sanitário do semiárido brasileiro. Foi realizada a caracterização geotécnica do solo e, em seguida, verificou-se o comportamento da sucção com variações de umidades volumétricas. Posteriormente, realizou-se o ajuste das curvas de retenção, obtendo-se o modelo que apresenta melhor ajuste. Com base nos dados obtidos para ksat, foi possível inferir os valores de knsat. Os dados experimentais mostram que o modelo de com melhor ajuste obteve valores de knsat entre 10-7 e 10-15 m/s. Desse modo, verificou-se que baixas umidades observadas nos solos dessa região promovem diminuição brusca da permeabilidade à água na condição não saturada, favorecendo o uso desse solo em camadas de cobertura de aterros sanitários. Com o conhecimento do comportamento dessa permeabilidade, é possível ter controle do processo de execução e a consequente redução de riscos de acidentes ambientais, seja pela migração de gases para a atmosfera, seja pela elevação do nível de líquidos da célula sanitária.
Análise do acesso a serviços de saúde no Brasil segundo perfil sociodemográfico: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2019
Authors: Palmeira Nathalia Campos , Moro Julia Pustrelo , Getulino Fabiana de Abreu , Vieira Yohana Pereira , Soares Junior Abelardo de Oliveira , Saes Mirelle de Oliveira
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: descrever o acesso e utilização de serviços de saúde na população brasileira segundo características sociodemográficas, de acordo com a Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) 2019. Métodos: estudo descritivo transversal, a partir de amostra da PNS; foram calculadas as prevalências e respectivos intervalos de confiança dos dados, estratificados por sexo, escolaridade, idade e macrorregião nacional de residência; os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o software Stata versão 16.1. Resultados: foram entrevistados 293.725 indivíduos; os do sexo masculino apresentaram menores proporções de consulta médica (66,6%) e de procura por atendimentos de saúde (17,6%); entre aqueles residentes na região Norte, 69,1% realizaram consulta médica; 16,5% dos indivíduos menos escolarizados obtiveram medicamentos pelo Programa Farmácia Popular. Conclusão: os resultados reforçam as iniquidades no acesso e utilização dos serviços de saúde, além da necessidade de monitoração dos indicadores, para orientar políticas de saúde no Brasil.
Cathodes for Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Multi-Carbon Products: Part I
Authors: Macpherson Harry , Hodges Toby , Chuma Moyahabo Hellen , Sherwin Connor , Podbevšek Urša , Rigg Katie , Celorrio Veronica , Russell Andrea , Corbos Elena C.
Published: November 2022

This is a focused review of recent highlights in the literature in cathode development for low temperature electrochemical carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide reduction to multi-carbon (C2+) products. The major goals for the field are to increase Faradaic efficiency (FE) for specific C2+ products, lower cell voltage for industrially relevant current densities and increase cell lifetime. A key to achieving these goals is the rational design of cathodes through increased understanding of structure-selectivity and structure-activity relationships for catalysts and the influence of catalyst binders and gas diffusion layers (GDLs) on the catalyst microenvironment and subsequent performance.
TiDeH: Time-Dependent Hawkes Process for Predicting Retweet Dynamics
Authors: Kobayashi Ryota , Lambiotte Renaud
Published: November 2022

Online social networking services allow their users to post content in the form of text, images or videos. The main mechanism driving content diffusion is the possibility for users to re-share the content posted by their social connections, which may then cascade across the system. A fundamental problem when studying information cascades is the possibility to develop sound mathematical models, whose parameters can be calibrated on empirical data, in order to predict the future course of a cascade after a window of observation. In this paper, we focus on Twitter and, in particular, on the temporal patterns of retweet activity for an original tweet. We model the system by Time-Dependent Hawkes process (TiDeH), which properly takes into account the circadian nature of the users and the aging of information. The input of the prediction model are observed retweet times and structural information about the underlying social network. We develop a procedure for parameter optimization and for predicting the future profiles of retweet activity at different time resolutions. We validate our methodology on a large corpus of Twitter data and demonstrate its systematic improvement over existing approaches in all the time regimes.
On the Behaviour of Deviant Communities in Online Social Networks
Authors: Coletto Mauro , Aiello Luca , Lucchese Claudio , Silvestri Fabrizio
Published: November 2022

On-line social networks are complex ensembles of inter-linked communities that interact on different topics. Some communities are characterized by what are usually referred to as deviant behaviours, conducts that are commonly considered inappropriate with respect to the society’s norms or moral standards. Eating disorders, drug use, and adult content consumption are just a few examples. We refer to such communities as deviant networks. It is commonly believed that such deviant networks are niche, isolated social groups, whose activity is well separated from the mainstream social media life. According to this assumption, research studies have mostly considered them in isolation. In this work we focused on adult content consumption networks, which are present in many on-line social media and in the Web in general. We found that few small and densely connected communities are responsible for most of the content production. Differently from previous work, we studied how such communities interact with the whole social network. We found that the produced content flows to the rest of the network mostly directly or through bridge-communities, reaching at least 450 times more users.We also show that a large fraction of the users can be inadvertently exposed to such content through indirect content resharing. We also discuss a demographic analysis of the producers and consumers networks. Finally, we show that it is easily possible to identify a few core users to radically uproot the diffusion process. We aim at setting the basis to study deviant communities in context.
Changing Names in Online News Comments at the New York Times
Authors: Sachar Simranjit , Diakopoulos Nicholas
Published: November 2022

Online news comments are often confronted with issues of civility and inclusivity, which are sometimes pegged to the anonymity afforded to contributors in those spaces. In this work we study one form of anonymity in online comments that manifests as users changing their display name when they write a given comment. We undertake a predominantly quantitative analysis of how display names are changed across over 4 million comments on the New York Times site. We characterize the extent and nature of name changes on the site, explore the relationship of name changes to topicality and sentiment, and examine how name changes might be used to inform the moderation of online comments.
Analyzing Personality through Social Media Profile Picture Choice
Authors: Liu Leqi , Preotiuc-Pietro Daniel , Riahi Samani Zahra , E. Moghaddam Mohsen , Ungar Lyle
Published: November 2022

The content of images users post to their social media is driven in part by personality. In this study, we analyze how Twitter profile images vary with the personality of the users posting them. In our main analysis, we use profile images from over 66,000 users whose personality we estimate based on their tweets. To facilitate interpretability, we focus our analysis on aesthetic and facial features and control for demographic variation in image features and personality. Our results show significant differences in profile picture choice between personality traits, and that these can be harnessed to predict personality traits with robust accuracy. For example, agreeable and conscientious users display more positive emotions in their profile pictures, while users high in openness prefer more aesthetic photos.
Power of Earned Advertising on Social Network Services: A Case Study of Friend Tagging on Facebook
Authors: Park Jaimie , Sohn Yunkyu , Moon Sue
Published: November 2022

Social network services (SNSs) are now the primary advertisingmedium in terms of both reach and engagement.For both businesses and the SNS providers, it iscrucial to find advertising methods that users perceiveto be valuable. In this paper, we provide an empiricalevidence for the role of different advertising methodson SNSs (i.e. earned vs. paid) on the subjective evaluationof the relative worth of advertising. In particular,we concentrate on the act of ‘friend tagging’ – the conventionof tagging friends in a thread to a brand post –where users inadvertently engage in targeted and personalizedbrand advertising. Through survey analysis,we validate that users find earned advertising less irritatingand more informative, entertaining, and crediblethan paid advertising. We further ask if brands canstrategically craft their content to boost up friend tagging.Using the data collected from Facebook, we analyzewhat drives users to engage in friend tagging andfind that content characteristics such as media attachmentsand posting times affect friend tagging frequency.We conclude that friend tagging is a powerful userinitiatedsolution for matching products with potentialtarget audience.
Sensing Real-World Events Using Arabic Twitter Posts
Authors: Alsaedi Nasser , Burnap Pete , Rana Omer
Published: November 2022

In recent years, there has been increased interest in eventdetection using data posted to social media sites. Automaticallytransforming user-generated content into informationrelating to events is a challenging task due to the short informallanguage used within the content and the variety oftopics discussed on social media. Recent advances in detectingreal-world events in English and other languages havebeen published. However, the detection of events in the Arabiclanguage has been limited to date. To address this task, wepresent an end-to-end event detection framework which comprisessix main components: data collection, pre-processing,classification, feature selection, topic clustering and summarization.Large-scale experiments over millions of ArabicTwitter messages show the effectiveness of our approach fordetecting real-world event content from Twitter posts.
What’s in a Like? Motivations for Pressing the Like Button
Authors: Levordashka Ana , Utz Sonja , Ambros Renee
Published: November 2022

Lightweight evaluations of content, such as thumbs-up, Liking, and favoriting, are an important aspect of social media interactions. Although minimal, these acts can carry a variety of meanings and implications. Prior research has revealed various motives and identified some recurring themes, but is often based on small samples or survey procedures prone to memory bias. In the present research, we asked people to view posts they had recently Liked on Facebook and report motives for each concrete post. We offer insights into the prevalence of previously hypothesized motives, and their associations with the content of posts, the relationship between sender and receiver, and the personality of the sender.
Privacy Preference Inference via Collaborative Filtering
Authors: Khazaei Taraneh , Xiao Lu , Mercer Robert , Khan Atif
Published: November 2022

Studies of online social behaviour indicate that users often fail to specify privacy settings that match their privacy behaviour. This issue has caused a dilemma whether to use publicly available data for targeted advertisement and personalization. As a possible approach to manage this dilemma, we propose a collaborative filtering method that exploits homophily to build a probabilistic model. Such a model can indicate the likelihood that a given public profile is meant to be private. Here, we provide the results of an analysis of a set of observable variables to be used in a neighbourhood-based manner. In addition, we establish a social graph augmented with privacy information. Users in the graph are then transformed into a set of latent features, uncovering informative factors to infer privacy preferences.
Detection of Promoted Social Media Campaigns
Authors: Ferrara Emilio , Varol Onur , Menczer Filippo , Flammini Alessandro
Published: November 2022

Information spreading on social media contributes to the formation of collective opinions. Millions of social media users are exposed every day to popular memes — some generated organically by grassroots activity, others sustained by advertising, information campaigns or more or less transparent coordinated efforts. While most information campaigns are benign, some may have nefarious purposes, including terrorist propaganda, political astroturf, and financial market manipulation. This poses a crucial technological challenge with deep social implications: can we detect whether the spreading of a viral meme is being sustained by a promotional campaign? Here we study trending memes that attract attention either organically, or by means of advertisement. We designed a machine learning framework capable to detect promoted campaigns and separate them from organic ones in their early stages. Using a dataset of millions of posts associated with trending Twitter hashtags, we prove that remarkably accurate early detection is possible, achieving 95% AUC score. Feature selection analysis reveals that network diffusion patterns and content cues are powerful early detection signals.
Measuring Social Jetlag in Twitter Data
Authors: Scheffler Tatjana , Kyba Christopher
Published: November 2022

Social constraints have replaced the natural cycle of light and darkness as the main determinant of wake-up and activity times for many people. In this paper we show how Twitter activity can be used as a source of large-scale, naturally occurring data for the study of circadian rhythm in humans. Our year-long initial study is based on almost 1.5 million observations by over 200,000 users. The progression of the onset of Twitter activity times on free days in the course of the year is consistent with previous survey-based research on wake times. We show that the difference in wake-up time (implicating lack of sleep) on weekdays compared to Sundays is between 1 hour and over 2 hours depending on the time of year. The data also supports the assertion that Daylight Saving Time greatly disrupts the easing of social jetlag in the Spring transition.
Ephemeral Photowork: Understanding the Mobile Social Photography Ecosystem
Authors: Brown Barry , Bentley Frank , Bakhshi Saeideh , Shamma David
Published: November 2022

For many years, researchers have explored digital support for photographs and various methods of interaction around those photos. Services like Instagram, Facebook, and Flickr have demonstrated the value of online photographs in social media. Yet we know relatively little about these new practices of mobile social photography and in-situ sharing. Drawing on screen and audio recordings of mobile photo app use, this paper documents the ephemeral practices of social photography with mobile devices. We uncover how photo use on mobile devices is centered around social interactions both through online services, but also face-to-face around the devices themselves. We argue for a new role for the mobile photograph, supporting networks of communication through instantaneous interactions, complemented with rich, in person discussions of captured images with family and friends; photography not for careful selection and archive, but as quick social play and talk. The paper concludes by discussing the design possibilities of ephemeral communication.
Signed Link Analysis in Social Media Networks
Authors: Beigi Ghazaleh , Tang Jiliang , Liu Huan
Published: November 2022

Numerous real-world relations can be represented by signed networks with positive links (e.g., trust) and negative links (e.g., distrust). Link analysis plays a crucial role in understanding the link formation and can advance various tasks in social network analysis such as link prediction. The majority of existing works on link analysis have focused on unsigned social networks. The existence of negative links determines that properties and principles of signed networks are substantially distinct from those of unsigned networks, thus we need dedicated efforts on link analysis in signed social networks. In this paper, following social theories in link analysis in unsigned networks, we adopt three social science theories, namely Emotional Information, Diffusion of Innovations and Individual Personality, to guide the task of link analysis in signed networks.
Towards an Open-Domain Framework for Distilling the Outcomes of Personal Experiences from Social Media Timelines
Authors: Olteanu Alexandra , Varol Onur , Kıcıman Emre
Published: November 2022

Millions of people share details about their real-world experiences on social media. This provides an opportunity to observe the outcomes of common and critical situations and actions for individual and societal benefit. In this paper, we discuss our efforts to design and build an open-domain framework for mining the outcomes of any given experience from social media timelines. Through a number of example situations and actions across multiple domains, we discuss the kinds of outcomes we are able to extract and their relevance.
Analyzing Social Event Participants for a Single Organizer
Authors: Jiang Jyun-Yu , Li Cheng-Te
Published: November 2022

Online social networking services allow people to initialize various kinds of offline social events (e.g., cocktail parties, group buying, and study groups), and invite friends or strangers to participate the events in either manual or collaborative manners. However, such invitation manners are tediously long, and irrelevant, uninterested and even spammers can unexpectedly be added into the event. In this paper, we aim at investigating the characteristics of social events participants for a specific organizer. Specifically, we are wondering how social network, user profiles and geo-locations affect user participation when the social event is held by a single organizer. An extensive analysis has been conducted on the real-world event-based social network Meetup dataset. The results of data analysis also demonstrate that these factors actually influence users' event participation.
Scalable Urban Data Collection from the Web
Authors: Sen Rijurekha , Quercia Daniele , Vaca Ruiz Carmen , Gummadi Krishna
Published: November 2022

Easy access to different necessities of daily life makes a city more livable. This has motivated urban planning researchers to quantify urban accessibility from official city data. However, due to the manual nature of data collection, these earlier survey based analyses were limited in scope and scalability, and mostly offered insights on cities of developed countries like the UK and the USA. Using Google Places data that is crowd-sourced around the world, this paper gathers walkability information for twenty-five cities across five continents. We detail the collection methodology of this unprecedented dataset and show useful applications of this data in urban analysis: e.g., how different areas within a city compare against each other in terms of accessibility and which areas in a city would benefit the most from the least intervention.