bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Çarlık Rusya Şarkiyatçısı Nikolay Petroviç Ostroumov (1846–1930) ve İslam Hukuku Alanındaki Çalışmaları
Authors: KARIEV Aiitmamat
Published: June 2020

Çin ve Rusya’nın arasında sıkışık bir halde kalan, çaresiz Orta Asya ülkelerinin asırlarca süren bugünkü kaderi, aslında bölgenin Çarlık Rusya tarafından işgal edilişi ile yakından ilgilidir. Aynı şekilde, işgalin ön çalışmaları da, Nikolay Petroviç Ostroumov gibi bilim adamlarının, o bölgenin kültürel araştırmalarını konu edinen, oldukça kıymetli eserlerine dayanmaktadır. Bu nedenle biz, bu makalemizde, Ostroumov’un yaklaşık kırk senelik Taşkent tecrübesine dayanarak, daha doğrusu konuları yerinde araştırdığı görüşleri ve eserlerini araştırma konusu edindik. Özellikle, işgalle ilgili daha insancıl görüşlerini, bununla birlikte genel olarak İslam dini ile ilgili özel olarak da İslam Hukuku ile ilgili kaleme almış olduğu eserlerini detaylıca inceleyerek, günümüz akademik dünyasına önemli katkıda bulunabilecek pek kıymetli bulgu ve sonuçlara ulaştık.
Tılsımda Tezahür Eden “Mana”nın Kuantum Fiziğiyle Yeniden Okunması: Antropolojik Bir Yaklaşım
Authors: YEŞİLMEN Halit
Published: June 2020

Makalenin konusu “mana”dır. Tılsım da mananın tezahür biçimi olarak ele alınmıştır.
“Mana”, Mardin’den derlenen tılsım örnekleri üzerinden kuantum fiziğiyle yeniden
değerlendirilmiştir. Amaç, tılsım ve “mana”nın beş duyu ile algılanamayan yönlerinin
kuantum fiziği üzerinden somutlaştırma yoluyla yeni bir okuma imkânının olduğunu
ortaya koymaktır. Bu okuma, kuantum fiziğini ölçek kullanarak soyutun somut alana
çekilmesiyle gerçekleşmiştir. Sonuç olarak “mana”nın doğadaki oluşuma eşlik eden bir
potansiyel olduğu, tılsımın da bu oluşum dengesi içinde yer aldığı görülmüştür.
Kuantum fiziği bulgularının “mana”nın özelliklerine işaret ettiği, bu açıdan kuantum
fiziğinin “mana”nın fiziği olma niteliği taşıdığı sonucuna da ulaşılmıştır. Dolayısıyla
büyü kategorisinde ele alınan inanışların ve ritüellerin yeniden değerlendirilmesi
gerekliliği de kendini göstermiştir. Bu yöndeki bir okuma neticesinde “sempatik büyü”
kategorisinde ele alınan inanışlarda ve ritüellerde sahte sebeplerin değil, “mana”ya
yönelik katılım ve “kıvam” durumunun belirleyici olduğu görüşüne ulaşılmıştır.
Böylece makalede, sonraki çalışmalar için giriş mahiyetinde, kuantum fiziğinin sosyal
bilimlere dâhil edilmesi gerekliliğine de işaret edilmiştir.
İlk Dönem İman-Siyaset İlişkisi, İmanın Araçsallaştırılması (Sâlim b. Zekvân'ın es-Sîre Eseri Bağlamında)
Authors: AKDEMİR Furat
Published: June 2020

Sâlim b. Zekvân, Hicri birinci asırda yaşamış Harici/İbâdi düşüncenin önemli şahsiyetlerinden biridir. es-Sîre adlı eserinde önemli Harici/İbâdi fikirleri ortaya koymuştur. Salim eserinde, döneminin önemli olaylarını ele almıştır. Hz. Osman ve Hz. Ali'nin siyasi, sosyal ve hukuki kararlarına ağır eleştirilerde bulunmuştur. Hariciliğin iman anlayışı, ilk dönem siyasi, sosyal ve kültürel olaylar çerçevesinde şekillenmiştir. Hariciler imanı; söz, ikrar ve eylem olarak ifade etmiştir. Toplumda gelişen, siyasi ve hukuki olayları iman bağlamında değerlendirmişlerdir. Hz. Osman dönemi ile başlayan iman-siyaset ilişkisi, hariciler ile zirveye çıkmıştır. İman; mutlak, sonsuz ve kutsal olanı samimi olarak kabul, biliş ve tasdiktir. Bu kabul ve tasdik; olumlu, anlamlı ve sorumlu bir ahlakı/davranışı doğurur. Doğru bir iman, beşeri olan tüm subjektif kaygı ve çıkarların ürünü olan imandan farklıdır.
Availability of balanced nutrition at the level of scientific basis for norms of all layers of the population of Ukraine
Authors: Yagodzinskaya A. S.
Published: June 2020

The basis of all life processes of the human body is a constant metabolism between the body and the environment. From the environment, people consume oxygen, water and food. The role of food is to replenish energy and tissue elements necessary for growth, development and functioning of the body, ensuring metabolic processes, normal health and efficiency. Rational nutrition (ratio – reasonable) is a physiologically complete nutrition of healthy people taking into account their age, sex, nature of work and other factors. Nutritional nutrition contributes to maintaining good health, resistance to harmful environmental factors, high physical and mental capacity, as well as active longevity. The article is devoted to the issues of accessibility to a balanced diet at the level of scientifically substantiated norms of the population of Ukraine. The main problems of mankind are covered, such as: poverty, hunger, malnutrition and food security, etc. Based on statistics for the last few years, the article has calculated and reflected such indicators as: the level of poverty in Ukraine according to national accounts and the upper poverty level of $ 5.50. US per day according to the World Bank, %, the dynamics of indicators of meat consumption in Ukraine, the compliance of indicators of meat consumption in Ukraine with rational standards, etc. The importance of solving problematic issues of food security, which affects the level of socio-economic development of society and countries in general, the ratio of production, consumption and demand for sugar and oil in Ukraine, the prevalence of malnutrition in children and adults in Ukraine, the ratio of nutrition standards in secondary schools for one-time nutrition of students and the physiological needs of the population of Ukraine in basic nutrients and energy. The concept of rational nutrition is revealed. The state of food security determines, in particular, the level of food security, is the key to socio-economic development of society. For the world agricultural system there is a growing trend in declining inventories, rising prices, increasing differences in the level of agricultural development in countries with economic crises and globalization. The availability of a balanced diet at the level of scientifically sound standards for all segments of the population is also considered, which today is one of the main challenges of our time, which gives our study importance and significance.
Influence of varieties of football on psychoemotional state and specific disability of students of the veterinary medicine faculty
Authors: Semeniv B. S. , Matiishin I. V. , Yakimishin I. D. , Kovban O. L. , Mazur T. R.
Published: June 2020

The analysis of theoretical and practical lessons in the discipline of physical education and profiling physical training of students in higher education institutions of Ukraine shows that physical exercises and training regimes are considered from the point of view of increasing the level of physical fitness and physical development of students in the educational process of physical education. In the educational process of higher education institutions of Ukraine in the discipline of physical education are considered such tasks as: formation of personal and physical qualities, preparation for future professional activity, promotion of the proper formation of a healthy lifestyle and promotion of health, ensuring a high level of special professional capacity for work the whole period of study. Physical education in the process of education in higher education institutions of Ukraine are of great importance in the future professional activity of the civic environment. The essence and task of profile physical training is to reduce adaptation to future professional activity, increase the level of special professional capacity, stress resistance to unfavorable conditions of professional activity, promote prevention of occupational diseases, eliminate psychological fatigue in working day mode, promote emotional state.
Influence of mercury on the human and animal organism
Authors: Yaroshovych I. G. , Tchaikovskyj B. P. , Mykychak B. M. , Yaroshovych T. S.
Published: June 2020

In the list of environmental pollutants, mercury is one of the first places. It is mercury, its inorganic and especially organic compounds belong to extremely toxic substances of the first class of danger.Mercury has been known since ancient times, it is mentioned in the writings of Aristotle, Theophrastus, Pliny the Elder, Vitruvius and other ancient scholars. The Latin name for this metal is “Hydrargium”, given to mercury by Greek physician Dioscorides (1st century B.C.), means in translation “silver water”. The most important and ancient in Ukraine is the Mykytiv mercury deposit, which was opened in 1879. and operated since 1885. Production of mercury until 1914 was 300–400 t/year (most of it was exported). After the revolution and the war it was slowly recovered (127 tons in 1926), in 1935–1940 it is annually brought to about 300 tons. After the Second World War, the Mykytiv deposit was built. Discovered in it reserves (up to a depth of 300 m) were evaluated in 6.000 tons in 1927, after deep drilling was introduced in the 1960s. they have increased slightly. In the world economy, mercury is widely used in the electrical engineering and instrument industry, laboratory and medical practice, in the production of chlorine/alkali, in agriculture (included in fertilizers), in small-scale mining of gold and silver and other fields. No other chemical element belonging to the first class of danger has such wide use in production processes, products, substances and such multivariate penetration into the organism (with air, food, water, through the skin) as mercury and its compounds. The main source of mercury poisoning is mercury vapor and dust of mercury compounds. The toxicity of metallic mercury is due to the fact that while inhaling its vapors more than 80 % of the mercury is absorbed by the brain, kidneys and other internal organs, leading to he devastating consequences primarily on the central nervous system and kidneys. Mercury semi withdrawal period from humans is from 35 to 96 days. The average semi withdrawal period from the blood is 65 days, from hair 72 days, in total from the organism - 76 days. A longer semi withdrawal period of mercury from the brain than from other organs has been recorded in experimental animal searches. In humans, high levels of mercury in brain tissue were detected 10 years after it ceased contact with a toxic substance. Mercury poisoning can be acute or chronic. In everyday life, most often find the second option.
APLIKASI PENCARIAN RUTE TERPENDEK LOKASI KULINER KHAS PALEMBANG MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA EUCLIDEAN DISTANCE DAN A*(STAR)
Authors: Marcelina Dona , Yulianti Evi
Published: June 2020

Palembang is one of the regions in Indonesia which is known for having culinary which has a distinctive and delicious taste. Besides having a distinctive taste, Palembang cuisine also has its own story related to the history of Palembang City and the development of people's lives there. The many types of culinary and culinary tourist attractions in the city of Palembang provide its own obstacles for tourists and local residents in choosing a culinary meal and the route to the culinary location. The solution to the problem proposed is to make the application for the shortest route search for culinary locations typical of Palembang using the Euclidean Distance and A * algorithm. Euclidean Distance algorithm which is a calculation of the distance from two points as a basis in finding the shortest route and gives the user information about the location that is around the user by comparing the distances and applying the A * algorithm as a basis in finding the shortest route using the smallest estimated cost to achieve the goals to be achieved, and has a heuristic value that is used as a basis for consideration. The final results of the study showed that the algorithm performed had a high degree of accuracy in determining the shortest culinary route location in Palembang, namely the Mean Mean percentage error (MAPE) of 4.4%.
Perancangan dan Pembuatan Smart Lighting pada Ruang Kelas berbasis Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Daud Pamungkas , Nasrullah Nanang , Ambar Dini Gita
Published: June 2020

Pencahayaan berperan penting terhadap kenyamanan visual dalam proses belajar-mengajar. Pencahayaan yang kurang baik akan mengangu proses belajar mengajar sehingga belajar menjadi tidak nyaman dan dapat mengurangi konsentrasi. Sistem pencahayaan cerdas (smart lighting) dirancang untuk kenyamanan visual dan penghematan energi listrik. Untuk penghematan energi listrik smart lighting dirancang dalam satu ruangan, akan dibagi menjadi beberapa sel/titik. Sehingga kontrol lampu diatur oleh masing-masing sel/titik. Lampu yang akan menyala dengan luminasi 250-300 lux, hanya sel/titik yang memiliki hunian. Sedangan sel yang tidak memiliki hunian, tapi disel/ titik yang lain ada hunian, akan menyala dengan luminasi 20% dari standar. Dan lampu akan mati apabila dalam ruangan tidak memiliki hunian. Kondisi lingkungan seperti cahaya alami, intensitas cahaya interior, dan tingkat hunian dikumpulkan dari sensor PIR dan sensor cahaya BH1750 akan diproses oleh mikrokontroller. Selanjutnya mikrokontroller akan mengeluarkan nilai PWM, sebagai inputan untuk rangkaian dimmer. Rangkaian dimmer digabungkan dengan rangkaian zero crossing detector, untuk mengendalikan beban lampu LED dimmable dengan sumber AC. Sistem smart lighting dengan sistem sel ini mampu mencapai penghematan energi listrik sebesar 50%.
Translation as Critique of “Cultural Sameness”: Ricoeur, Luther and the Practice of Translation
Authors: Lillebø Jonas Gamborg
Published: June 2020

The article discusses translation as a critical approach to how we see culture. According to the anthropologist Marianne Gullestad culture is part of mechanism of exclusion when it is linked to identity or “sameness”. Belonging to the same culture becomes a criterion for being included into a society, whereas having a different cultural belonging is a criterion for exclusion. Culture is thus placed within an oppositional logic of same-different. By seeing a parallel between languages and cultures, translation indicates another kind of thinking which is not based on this oppositional logic and hence question the reason for exclusion and inclusion. By the help of philosopher Paul Ricoeur the article looks at Martin Luther’s translation of the Bible in the 16th century as an example of how to avoid seeing linguistic sameness and difference as the only point of departure for thinking relations between languages, and analogically speaking: relations between cultures.
Gabór Hamza, Origine e sviluppo degli ordinamenti giusprivatistici moderni in base alla tradizione del diritto romano (Santiago de Compostela: Andavira Editora, 2013)
Authors: Boóc Ádám
Published: June 2020

The new opus of Gábor Hamza, ordinary Member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Full Professor of Roman Law (Faculty of Law of the Eötvös Loránd University [Budapest]), which was published in the fall of 2013 in Italian language, studies the formation and development of modern private law systems based on the tradition of Roman Law.
Renaissance et Humanisme en Slovaquie
Authors: Frimmová Eva
Published: June 2020

Cet article constitue un survol analytique de l'impact des idées nouvelles sur la culture et le monde intellectuel en Slovaquie durant le période renaissante. Les contacts sont nombreux entre les humanistes, les intellectuels et les scientifiques autant à Presbourg que dans les villes secondaires. La conjonction de l'humanisme et de la réforme sert de point de départ au développement d'une conscience nationale slovaque.
Pour une lecture féminine de la Bible à la Renaissance: socialisation et principes herméneutiques dans trois traités anonymes mis à l'Index
Authors: Paquin René
Published: June 2020

La démocratisation de la Bible fut au coeur de la Réforme protestante. Or, en France, cette réclamation rencontra une vive opposition de la part des instances religieuses traditionnelles. L'interdiction faite aux laïcs de lire, de traduire ou d'imprimer la Bible en langue vernaculaire donna lieu à toute une littérature polémique signalée par Henri Estienne au chapitre XXX de son Apologie pour Hérodote (1566). La présente recherche se penche sur trois de ces traités rares et peu connus qui figurent dans le catalogue censorial de l'Université de Paris. Cette étude examine plus précisément les recommandations des auteurs pour guider les femmes dans la lecture des textes sacrés. Leurs conseils pratiques et herméneutiques soulignent un idéal masculin de la femme dévote ainsi que les rôles sociaux qui lui sont assignés. Ceci nous conduit à nous interroger, en conclusion, sur les fonctions socialisantes d'une lecture féminine de la Bible au début des temps modernes.
Reforming the Tudor Dialogue: A Case Study
Authors: House Seymour Baker
Published: June 2020

This case study assesses the implications of rhetorical style in dialogues by Thomas Becon and his contemporary, Desiderius Erasmus. Becon imitated an Erasmian theme but rejected Erasmus's classically oriented rhetoric and the epistemology it advanced. Instead, he used the dialogue form as a vehicle for what is primarily an oral (homiletic) exhortation, which reveals a profoundly different approach to the pursuit of truth and illustrates the widening cultural gap between moderate and radical religious reformers.
On First Looking into Lumley's Euripides
Authors: Demers Patricia
Published: June 2020

This essay explores the text of Lady Jane Lumley's Tudor translation of Iphigeneia at Aulis in an attempt to see the mind of an erudite, privileged young woman at work. By braiding domestic and political contexts in Lumley's adroitly oblique allusions to her time, it attends to her interest in the moral issues of government and authority. The translation subtly subverts commonplaces about a woman's negligible worth.
Le Dialogo de la bella creanza de le donne (1539) d'Alessandro Piccolomini et ses adaptateurs français
Authors: La Charité Claude
Published: June 2020

En 1572, sous le titre d'Instruction pour les jeunes dames, Marie de Romieu donne la première traduction française du Dialogo de la bella creanza de le donne (1539) d'Alessandro Piccolomini, dans lequel une dame d'expérience amène insensiblement une jeune mariée insatisfaite à envisager une relation adultère. Les contemporains T.D.C. et François d'Amboise interprètent cette traduction, qui supprime le caractère parodique de l'original italien, comme une attaque portée contre le néoplatonisme. Ils réagissent en faisant paraître coup sur coup deux adaptations réécrivant le dialogue de jeunesse de Piccolomini de sorte à réhabiliter le modèle de la donna di palazzo.
"To Depart from the Earth with Such Writing": Johannes Kepler's Dream of Reading Knowledge
Authors: Spiller Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2020

Johannes Kepler peut être compris comme représentant du conflit entre l'observation et la lecture qui a défini les théories de la connaissance à la Renaissance. Le constat de nouvelles connaissances est devenu difficile dans la mesure où la lecture et l'observation, actes de voir qui promettaient de nouvelles façons de savoir, s'avéraient concurrentielles l'une avec l'autre. Dans son Somnium (Songe), Kepler théorise un intérêt pour la lecture très typique de l'époque. Les questions concernant la lecture et l'observation qui prêtent une structure aux oeuvres de Kepler plus strictement scientifiques deviennent le sujet du récit du Songe. Tout comme Kepler se sert de la fiction du Songe pour illustrer un système universel qui marginalise l'homme physiquement et marque les limites de la connaissance humaine, il projette aussi un monde et un lieu au delà de ces limites.
The Autonomy of Conscience: Images of Confession in Mirk's Festial
Authors: Ford Judy Ann
Published: June 2020

Le présent article examine la présentation du sacrement de la confession dans le Festial, recueil populaire anglais de sermons de langue vernaculaire rédigé par John Mirk vers la fin du XIVe siècle. En particulier, l'article s'intéresse aux exempla dans les sermons pour le carême, en concluant que les exempla de Mirk dépeignent les pécheurs comme participants autonomes au processus de leur propre salut, capables de communiquer avec la divinité sans intermédiaire clérical. Le Festial était orthodoxe; ses sermons font allusion fréquemment à la nécessité de se confesser à un prêtre. Néanmoins, ses exempla mettent l'accent sur le pouvoir de l'acte laïque, ce qui pourrait expliquer la popularité de ce texte.
«Les Païens de la Pléiade»: L'Érotisme dans les Folastries de Ronsard et dans les Gayetez d'Olivier de Magny
Authors: Dorais David
Published: June 2020

This article compares the eroticism of Ronsard's Folastries (1553) with that of the Gayetez (1554) of Olivier de Magny. Although the former exercised some influence on the latter, the eroticism of the two poets turns out to be very different, as much in thematic and stylistic terms as with regard to vocabulary. Moreover, on the conceptual level, when it comes to depicting the body and erotic technique, Magny proves to be far more chaste and less risqué than his master. Nevertheless, the two share at once a belief in the aphrodisiac power of poetry and a mistrust of the sexual act itself.
Risk of Psychological Distress, Pervasiveness of Stigma and Utilisation of Support Services: Exploring Paramedic Perceptions
Authors: Mackinnon Kelly , Everett Timothy , Holmes Lisa , Smith Erin , Mills Brennen
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Paramedics are exposed to significant and cumulative stressors that contribute to poor mental health. The provision of effective and engaging mental health support is essential in improving overall wellbeing. Many ambulance services have adapted their available support services to reflect this need. However, there remains limited research into the perceived efficacy of these services and barriers that limit uptake from paramedics.

Methods

Paramedics and ambulance volunteers from Australia and New Zealand were invited to complete an online survey consisting of a series of Likert-scale and open-ended response questions. The well-validated Kessler Psychological Distress Scale was also incorporated into the online survey.

Results

A total of 184 participants completed the survey. A total of 50 (27%) participants reported high/very high levels of psychological distress. Participants exposed to at least one adverse event while working reported higher psychological distress scores than those that had not. Just over half (51%) of all participants disagreed/strongly disagreed there was no stigma associated with seeking mental health support from paramedic colleagues and 54% of participants disagreed/strongly disagreed there was no stigma from managerial staff.

Conclusion

These findings suggest paramedics are at a greater risk of psychological distress than the general population. This is particularly problematic given there is a clear perception of ongoing stigma among paramedics associated with the utilisation of mental health support services. Future research should explore methods for reducing stigma and encouraging help-seeking behaviours in this vulnerable population throughout all phases of an emergency service workers career.
İNGiLiZ BASININDA MiLLi MÜCADELENiN HAZIRLIK AŞAMASI VE MUSTAFA KEMAL ALGISI (1919-1920)
Authors: YILMAZ Elçin
Published: June 2020

1919 ve 1920 yılları, Milli Mücadelenin hazırlık ve örgütlenme safhasının oluşturulduğu, işgallere karşı eldeki tüm maddi ve manevi kaynaklarla örgütlenmeye, düşmana ve işbirlikçilerine karşı direnilmeye çalışılan yıllardır. Padişah ve İstanbul hükümetinin Mondros Ateşkes Antlaşması ve sonrasında ülkenin geleceğine dair tutumlarının ve eylemlerinin gün yüzüne çıkması, başta İngiltere olmak üzere işgalci güçlerin karşısında vatanı kurtarmak için milli bir duruş sergileyememeleri, Türk Milletini düşmana karşı birleştirmiş ve tüm iradesiyle işgallere karşı koymaya itmiştir.
Bu süreçte, Padişah ve Damat Ferit Paşa hükümeti ile dostane ilişkiler kuran İngilizler, hem sömürgelerindeki halkların kamuoyunu tayin etmek hem de diğer ülkelerin Türkiyenin geleceği konusundaki görüşlerini etkilemek için basını son derece etkili kullanmışlardır.
Biz bu çalışmamızda, 1919-1920 yıllarında Milli Mücadeledeki gelişmelerin ve tutumların, İngiliz basınına nasıl yansıdığını araştırarak, İngilizlerin 1919-1920 yıllarında Türklerin vermiş olduğu bağımsızlık mücadelesini nasıl değerlendirdiklerini ve nasıl etkilemeye çalıştıklarını ortaya koymaya çalıştık.
Bunu yaparken The Times, The Manchester Guardian, The Daily Herald, The Globe, The Illustrated London News gibi büyük tirajlı gazetelerin haberlerini ele aldık. Ancak bu büyük tirajlı gazetelerin haberlerinin daha az tirajlı olan ama yerel bazı gazetelerde de paylaşıldığını gördük. Bu nedenle The Scotsman, The Courier, The Irish Times, The Sunday Post, The Belfast Newspaper, The Pall Mall Gazette… gibi prestijli gazeteleri de değerlendirmeye almanın doğru olacağını düşündük. Amacımız, Mustafa Kemal ve onun liderliğindeki milli mücadelenin o dönemin baş aktörlerinden biri olan İngiltere basınında nasıl ele alındığını ortaya koymaktır.
CUMHURİYET HALK PARTİSİ KURULTAYLARININ YURT DIŞI YANKILARINA BİR ÖRNEK: CHP’NİN V. OLAĞAN KURULTAYININ SURİYE’DEKİ YANKILARI
Authors: KODAL Tahir
Published: June 2020

ÖZCumhuriyet Halk Partisi, Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atatürk tarafından 9 Eylül 1923’te “Halk Fırkası” adıyla kurulmuştur. Bu fırka, Cumhuriyeti’n ilanının ardından 10 Kasım 1924’te “Cumhuriyet Halk Fırkası” adını almıştır. Atatürk’ün genel başkan olarak son defa katıldığı CHF’nin 9 Mayıs 1935’teki dördüncü kurultayında fırkanın adının “Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi” olarak değiştirilmesi kararlaştırılmıştır. CHP’nin kuruluşundan itibaren olağan ve olağan üstü parti kurultayları çok önemli olmuştur. Bu kurultaylarda Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti ve milleti adına pek çok karara imza atılmıştır. Bu yüzden, CHP’nin parti kurultayları hem iç politika, hem de dış politika bakımından dikkatleri üzerine çekmiştir. Türkiye’de olduğu gibi, Türkiye dışında da ilgi ile izlenen, dikkatlerin yoğunlaştırıldığı CHP kurultaylarından biri de “CHP’nin Beşinci Olağan Kurultayı”dır. Bu yüzden, bu çalışmada CHP kurultaylarının yurt dışı yankılarına bir örnek olarak CHP’nin beşinci kurultayının Suriye’deki yankıları konu edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın giriş kısmında CHP’nin kurulma sürecinden kısaca söz edilmiştir. Ayrıca, CHP’nin beşinci olağan kurultayına kadar yapılmış olan parti kurultayları ana hatlarıyla açıklanmıştır. Çalışmanın asıl kısmının ilk bölümünde, CHP’nin 29 Mayıs 1939’da yapılmış olan 5. Olağan Kurultayının Suriye’deki yankıları üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu yapılırken, Türk Dahiliye Vekâleti(İçişleri Bakanlığı)’nin Suriye’den elde etmiş olduğu istihbarat bilgileri veya raporu temel alınmıştır. T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri Daire Başkanlığı belgeleri arasında yer alan bu rapor 11 Temmuz 1939 yılında hazırlanmış ve Türk yetkililerin bilgisine sunulmuştur. Bu raporda; CHP’nin beşinci kurultayının müzakerelerinin ve alınan kararların Suriye’de dikkatle takip edildiği dile getirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, ilk olarak Suriye’deki manda yönetimini sürdüren Fransızların kurultay hakkındaki görüşleri ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde; CHP’nin Beşinci Olağan Kurultayının Suriye’de yer alan partilerdeki izlenimleri, yankıları açıklanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, Kitlecilerin ve Şehbendercilerin görüşlerine yer verilmiştir. Bunlardan başka, Millî Ahrar Partisi’nin ve Türkiye’den Suriye’ye giden muhaliflerin düşünceleri de dile getirilmiştir. Bütün bunlara ek olarak, Suriye’deki Ermenilerin ve Hoybuncu Kürtlerin de bu kurultaya ilişkin düşünceleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışmanın sonuç kısmında ise elde edilen bilgilere dayanılarak bir takım sonuçlara yer verilmiştir.
MİLLİ MÜCADELE DÖNEMİNDE MENTEŞE SANCAĞI’NDA EMNİYET VE ASAYİŞ SORUNU
Authors: AKÇA Bayram
Published: June 2020

Mondros Mütarekesi’nden sonra İzmir Bölgesi Yunanlılar tarafından işgal edilirken, Menteşe Bölgesi de İtalyanlar tarafından işgal edilmeye başlandı. Bu işgallere karşı ülkenin birçok yerinde olduğu gibi Menteşe Bölgesi’nde de Kuva-yı Milliye teşkilatı kuruldu. İşte bu kargaşa ortamında Menteşe Bölgesi’nde de emniyet ve asayiş sorunları görüldü. Bu sorunları ortaya çıkaranlar şunlardı: “Kuva-yı Milliye adına çalıştığını iddia eden bölgedeki çeteler; Menteşe sahil kasabalarını işgal etmek isteyen Rum çeteleri ve İtalyanlar; Aydın Bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren ama Menteşe Bölgesini geri bölgesi olarak gören efe ve zeybekler”. Burada söz edilen yapılanmalar veya gruplar, Menteşe Sancağı’nın farklı noktalarında değişik problemlere yol açmıştır.
Bu dönemde Menteşe halkı bir taraftan Kuva-yı Milliye’ye destek vermeye çalışırken, diğer taraftan da yukarıda bahsedilen gruplara karşı mal ve can güvenliğini korumaya çalışmıştır. 23 Nisan 1920’de Ankara TBMM’nin açılarak Anadolu’da idari ve askeri alanda hâkimiyetini sağladıktan sonra Menteşe Bölgesi’nde de emniyet ve asayiş sorunları çözümlenmiş ve halk normal yaşantısına dönmüştür. Bu çalışmanın hazırlanmasında arşiv belgeleri ve tetkik eserlerden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışma ile Milli Mücadele Dönemi’nde Anadolu’da ortaya çıkan asayiş sorunlarının ortaya konulmasına küçük de olsa katkı sağlamak hedeflenmiştir.
MACAR TÜRKOLOJİSİ
Authors: DURAN Alev
Published: June 2020

Türkoloji ya da Türklük Bilimi, Türkler ve özellikle Türk dili, lehçeleri, edebiyatı, tarihi, sanatı ve arkeolojisiyle uğraşan bilim alının aldığı isimdir. Türkoloji, Türk dilinin, edebiyat, tarih, din ve Türk toplumlarının maddi ve manevi kültürünü sistematik şekilde toplar ve araştırmakla görevlidir. Türkler, tarihin en eski devirlerinden itibaren çok geniş coğrafyalara yayılmış ve etkileşim halinde oldukları halklar da kendi tarihlerini araştırırken Türklerin dilini tarihini de araştırmak zaruriyeti hissetmiş, bu faaliyetleri de Türkoloji olarak adlandırdığımız bu bilimin doğmasını sağlamıştır.
Türkleri yakından tanıyan, Avrupa’da Germenler ve Slavlar arasında sıkışmış olan, kökenlerini arayan Macarlar, kendi kimliklerini bulmak için bir arayışa girmişlerdir. Özellikle 19. yüzyılda canlanan ulus inşası süreci ile Macarlar, Doğu kökenli olma, Hint-Avrupa dillerinden olmayan bir dil kullanma yönlerini doğuya çevirmelerine neden olmuş ve bu arayış da Macaristan’da Turancılık akımının ve Türkoloji’nin doğmasına yolaçmıştır.
Bu çalışmamızda, Modern anlamda dünyada 1870 yılında sistemli olarak Türkoloji çalışmalarının başladığı ilk yer Macaristan Türkoloji kürsüsü incelenmiştir. 1870’ten itibaren ele alınan kürsüsünün faaliyetleri yanı sıra öncü Türkologlara da yer verilerek Türklük bilimine katkılarından bahsedilmiştir. Çalışmanın gerçekleşmesinde, öncelikle Macar arşivlerinden yararlanılmış ek olarak diğer kaynaklar da irdelenmiştir.
Editorial
Authors: Marques Gleidson Vieira
Published: June 2020

A revista Paubrasilia é uma publicação eletrônica oficial do Jardim Botânico FLORAS e alcança o seu primeiro biênio. Durante este período a Paubrasilia coletivizou esforços e contribuiu com o compartilhamento de conhecimentos em botânica e a diversidade vegetal no Brasil.
A Retrieved Sparganum of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei from a Korean Man during Mechanical Thrombectomy
Authors: Hwang Yang-Ha , Son Wonsoo , Kim Yong-Won , Kang Dong-Hun , Chang Hyun-Ha , Goo Youn-Kyoung , Hong Yeonchul , Chung Dong-Il
Published: June 2020

Human sparganosis is a zoonotic disease caused by infection and migration of the plerocercoid of Spirometra spp. Although sparganosis were reported from most parts of the body, the sparganum parasitizing inside cerebral artery is remarkably uncommon. We report a case of cerebral intravascular sparganosis in an elderly patient with acute ischemic stroke who was diagnosed by retrieving sparganum during mechanical thrombectomy. Finally, the parasites were identified as Spirometra erinaceieuropaei using multiplex PCR and cox1 gene sequencing.
Molecular Detection of Toxoplasma Gondii in Haemaphysalis Ticks in Korea
Authors: Kim Ju Yeong , Kwak You Shine , Lee In-Yong , Yong Tai-Soon
Published: June 2020

Toxoplasma gondii are intracellular protozoa that can cause neurological disease or death in fetuses and even in immunocompromised human adults. Ticks are recognized as vectors of many microorganisms including viruses, bacteria, and protozoa. Recent studies detected T. gondii in various tick species in many countries. In this study, we performed PCR detection of the T. gondii B1 gene from Haemaphysalis ticks collected from vegetation in 4 localities, Wonju, Gunsan, Miryang, and Yangsan, in Korea. We analyzed DNA from 314 ticks (268 Haemaphysalis longicornis and 46 Haemaphysalis flava) and the B1 gene of T. gondii was detected in 13 of these. The detection of T. gondii in ticks differed significantly by region (P=0.021). T. gondii was detected in the following percentages of collected ticks: 3.7% (7 of 189) in Gunsan, 10% (5 of 50) in Wonju, 16.7% (1 of 6) in Yangsan, and 0% (0 of 69) in Miryang. The detection of T. gondii in ticks was not associated with tick species or development stage. This is the first report of T. gondii detection in ticks in Korea. Our results provide important information necessary to understand toxoplasmosis transmission.
High Prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis and Other Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from a Local Market in Yen Bai Province, Northern Vietnam
Authors: Dai Fuhong , Hong Sung-Jong , Pak Jhang Ho , Le Thanh Hoa , Choi Seung-Ho , Na Byoung-Kuk , Sohn Woon-Mok
Published: June 2020

A small survey was performed to investigate the recent infection status of Clonorchis sinensis and other zoonotic trematode metacercariae in freshwater fish from a local market of Yen Bai city, Yen Bai province, northern Vietnam. A total of 118 fish in 7 species were examined by the artificial digestion method on March 2016. The metacercariae of 4 species of zoonotic trematodes, i.e., C. sinensis, Haplorchis pumilio, Haplorchis taichui, and Centrocestus formosanus, were detected. The metacercariae of C. sinensis were found in 62 (69.7%) out of 89 fish (5 species), and their intensity of infection was very high, 81.2 per fish infected. Prevalences of 3 intestinal flukes, H. pumilio, H. taichui and C. formosanus, were 75.0%, 47.6%, and 31.7% in positive fish species, respectively, with the metacercarial intensities of 15.5, 10.3, and 2.2 per fish infected. From the above results, it has been confirmed that various species of freshwater fish continue to play the role of the infection source of C. sinensis and other zoonotic trematodes in Yen Bai city, Yen Bai province, northern Vietnam. It is of particular note that the prevalence and intensity of C. sinensis metacercariae are much higher than those reported in previous studies in fish in northern Vietnam.
CHALLENGES FACING GRASSLAND FARMING
Authors: McPhail C.R.
Published: June 2020

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FIELD DAY
Authors: Anon
Published: June 2020

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Farmlet testing of the DairyNZ Conservation Demo
Authors: Roach C.G. , Beukes P.C. , Romera A.J.
Published: June 2020

The DairyNZ Modelling Group has developed a model called the Conservation Demo to assist in identifying and conserving surplus pasture on dairy farms. The hypothesis was that a computer algorithm would be able to make decisions concerning timing and amount of conservation similar to an experienced pasture manager. Weekly grazing decisions on DairyNZ farmlets, with stocking rates of 2.6 to 3.5 cows/ ha, were made by a team of research staff over three years. The model was run for each farmlet to compare its recommendations with the conservation decisions made by the research team. In spring on all farmlets and in summer on the higher stocked farmlets, the model was more conservative than the team in recommending paddocks to be closed in all seasons. In summer 2011/12 the recommendations from the model were more variable week-to-week (paddocks being closed one week and not the next), and on the lower stocked farmlet the model was more aggressive than the team. The Conservation Demo is a useful tool for identifying surplus pasture if the output is moderated by the farm manager, and the use of a feed wedge in conjunction with the model would improve the decisions. However the model requires pasture covers for each paddock, ideally at least weekly, and currently
RPR revisited (2): Long-term farmer experience helps define the role of RPR in grazed pastures
Authors: Zaman M. , Quin B.F.
Published: June 2020

The commercial introduction of reactive phosphate rock (RPR) to the New Zealand market in 1987 was the subject of much dispute regarding its efficacy, and the differing interpretations of field trial results. Twenty-five years on, it was considered time to seek the views of farmers who are long-term users of RPR, across a wide range of geographic, soil type, fertility, climate and farming operations. The fact that the farmers interviewed have all been farming successfully with RPR for many years enables conditions suitable for RPR use to be identified more clearly compared to earlier advice. This progress is discussed in the context of utilising the proven reduced phosphorus (P) run-off with RPR to reduce P eutrophication in P-sensitive catchments. Key words: Reactive phosphate rock, RPR, superphosphate, SSP, long-term use, phosphorus runoff, eutrophication, water quality, recommendations
Pasture growth and quality on Southland and Otago dairy farms
Authors: Dalley D.E. , Geddes T.
Published: June 2020

There is debate on how pasture growth rates and annual production on dairy farms in Southland/Otago compare to the comprehensive data collected at AgResearch Woodlands under sheep grazing. Additionally, there are no good data on seasonal variation in dairy pasture quality from the region. Six farms in different geographical regions of Southland and south and west Otago were monitored from spring 2007 until May 2012 to measure pasture growth rate, soil temperature and pasture nutrient composition (with the exception of south Otago). Pasture growth rates varied between farms and between years. The highest growth rates were recorded in coastal Southland and the lowest in northern Southland. Rainfall and soil temperature differences explained some of the changes in pasture growth rate throughout the seasons. Sharp drops in pasture quality in early summer were recorded on all farms. Considerable variation in pasture growth rate occurs across the Southland/Otago regions. Times of year when the greatest variability occurs have now been identified for each region. Keywords: Southland, Otago, pasture growth, pasture quality, dairy
President's address 2012
Authors: Rowarth Jacqueline
Published: June 2020

We live in interesting times. The words above used to be associated with a Chinese curse but now "interesting times" are simply life as we know it. The past 12 months in global agriculture have encompassed rapidly changing commodity prices, floods, fires, tsunamis, earthquakes, the emissions trading scheme discussions, statements about water quality and debates on alternative product and farm ownerships. Resilience is increasingly the call, at the same time as farmers are being urged to increase productivity by adopting new technologies whilst living within increasingly stringent regulations. A remarkable number of reports containing implications for agriculture have been released over the last few months addressing the same issues from different perspectives. Bringing them together indicates a role for New Zealand agriculture beyond that of increasingly efficient food productivity - also known as Business As Usual (BAU). The challenge, as always, is how to achieve that role.
Has the eco-efficiency of sheep and beef farms changed in the last 20 years?
Authors: Mackay A.D. , Rhodes A.P. , Power I. , Wedderburn M.E.
Published: June 2020

It is timely, with farming within biophysical limits as an emerging feature of the future operating environment for the sector, to explore whether the substantial productivity gains seen in the sheep and beef sector over the last 20 years translate into improved ecoefficiency and a reduction in the sector's environmental footprint. In this paper the changes in the relationship between inputs (e.g., livestock numbers, nutrients) and outputs (e.g., meat and fibre, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, nitrate) of the MAF Sheep and Beef Farm Monitoring models that cover hard hill country (Gisborne and Central North Island) and easy hill finishing (Manawatu) over the last 20 years were explored using the Overseer nutrient budget model. For the hard hill country extensive sheep and beef farm operation, the productivity gains made since 1989/90 translate into significant eco-efficiency gains, including a 47% increase in saleable product/ha (107 to 167 kg per ha), 21% reduction in nitrate leaching per kg of saleable product (0.065 to 0.054 kg N per kg animal product) and 40% reduction in the GHG emissions per kg of saleable product (27 to 19.2 kg CO2-e per kg animal product). The improvements have come through increased meat production. In contrast, the contribution from wool has been unchanged since 1989/90. These eco-efficiency gains, however, did not extend to include an overall reduction in N leaching or GHG emissions per hectare. In the easy hill finishing operation, where the MAF model farm size more than doubled over the last 20 years, there was little change in the eco-efficiency, but again also little change in total emissions. As we move to an operating environment where there are limits on emissions to the environment, understanding how to quantify eco-efficiency and monitor changes in this performance indicator becomes more than just an academic exercise. Keywords: Sheep and beef, eco-efficiency, meat and fibre production, N leaching, hill country
Nutritional evaluation of five species of forage brassica
Authors: Westwood C.T.
Published: June 2020

Despite a growing interest in ruminant nutrition and the ongoing, widespread use of forage brassicas, there is an absence of data that adequately describe the nutritional value of modern brassica cultivars in New Zealand. Five forage brassica species represented by 30 cultivars were evaluated in single-site, single-year trials in the South Island. Replicated plots of leafy turnips, bulb turnips, rape, swede and kale were harvested at 53, 91, 98, 181 and 186 days after sowing, respectively. Whole plants were dissected to leaf, stem and bulb and/or petiole and components assessed for nutritive value. Quality differed significantly among and within brassica species. Within species, percent dry matter (DM) was consistent for rape, bulb turnip and leaf turnip, but differed significantly among cultivars in kale and swede. Mean metabolisable energy (MJ ME) content at harvest was highest for swede (13.8 MJ ME/ kg DM) and lowest for kale (11.2 MJ ME/kg DM). For all brassica species, fibre content as estimated by neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content was below optimum for ruminal function, highlighting the importance of high NDF supplementary feeds for brassica-fed stock. For some but not all brassica species, nutritive value may be modified by cultivar selection however factors not investigated in this study including sowing rate and time from sowing to harvest remain important potential moderators of forage brassica quality. Keywords: Forage brassica, leafy turnip, bulb turnip, forage rape, swede, kale, nutritive value, feed testing
The effectiveness of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) for mitigating nitrogen leaching losses from a winter grazed forage crop on a free draining soil in northern Southland.
Authors: Monaghan L.C.Smith T.Orchiston R.M.
Published: June 2020

Evidence suggests that the wintering of stock on forage crops is a significant contributor to N losses from livestock farming. Losses are likely to be exacerbated if crops are grown on shallow free-draining soils types and grazed by dairy cattle. A three-year trial (December 2008 - November 2011) was conducted in northern Southland on a soil classified as having severe vulnerability for nutrient leaching to groundwater. Porous ceramic cups were installed under a brassica crop which was grazed by dairy cows in June each year and the leachate collected regularly for N analysis. The treatments evaluated were with and without a single application of DCD applied at the time of crop grazing. Concentrations of nitrate-N in drainage water ranged from 40 mg/L in May 2011. Concentrations of dissolved organic N (DON) also increased from a low initial value (
Winter management practices to optimise early spring pasture production: a review
Authors: Wall A.J. , Stevens D.R. , Thompson B.R. , Goulter C.L.
Published: June 2020

The performance of the national ewe flock has increased significantly in the past 20 years. Pasture management in winter and early spring has a large impact on the success of the subsequent seasons. Overgrazing in winter can reduce spring pasture production by up to 80%. Treading and pugging damage can also decrease spring pasture production by 10% for every 10% of bare area created. Maintaining pasture cover at over 2000 kg DM/ha can improve pasture growth, and leaving a residual pasture mass of more than 1200 kg DM/ha also aids in pasture production in late winter. Techniques such as feed budgeting, longer winter feeding periods (4 day cf. 1 day shifting) and increasing the control of feed intake during late pregnancy can be used to help achieve the goals of higher pasture residuals and increased pasture growth and availability. More tools for managing the transition from winter rotational grazing to spring continuous grazing would help farmers. Keywords: early spring production, grazing management, pasture cover, residual cover, treading.
Issues related to the management of nutrients on organic dairy farms: Nitrate leaching and maintaining soil nutrient levels
Authors: Horne D.J. , Dijkstra E.F. , Palmer A.S. , Carey P.
Published: June 2020

It is often claimed that nutrient management in organic dairying is more environmentally sustainable than its conventional counterpart. Organic dairy farmers often focus on pH, trace elements and nutrient ratios rather than the major nutrients such as phosphorus. As a consequence of less nutrient input, the environmental impacts of organic dairy systems may be smaller than for conventional farms. Some of these issues were explored by surveying eight organic farms in the North Island. The objectives of the nutrient management plans along with trends in soil test values were examined. OVERSEER® Nutrient Budgeting software was used to quantify maintenance fertiliser requirement for the organic dairy farms and likely trends in nutrient status. Nitrogen leaching from the organic farms was also assessed using OVERSEER®. This study suggest that while the current nutrient status of organically managed soils is not dissimilar to that found on conventional farms, sustainable nutrient management on organic dairy farms is an emerging challenge. Of particular note here is a decline in phosphorus status. While organic dairy farms leach much less nitrogen than conventional farms, some of these advantages are eroded when efficiency indicators are invoked. A field trial has been established to identify products that will help organic farmers increase soil nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition. Keywords: organic dairying, nutrient management, nitrogen leaching, nitrogen conversion efficiency, environmental efficiency
Interactions between players in the field of pasture renewal
Authors: Rijswijk K.
Published: June 2020

The Pasture Renewal Leadership Group (PRLG) has undertaken four surveys among its members, dairy farmers, seed retailers and contractors to assess the effectiveness of the PRLG's communication around the topic of pasture renewal. This paper reviews these surveys and focusses on the interactions between the different respondent groups and the influence of the interactions on farmers' pasture renewal practices, based on the information sources each respondent group used and the credibility they attribute to them. The main information sources for farmers are farm consultants and scientists, whereas the other respondent groups mainly use their everyday contacts. Perceived credibility of the information sources by the information users, as well as the confidence level of the information user in decisionmaking about pasture renewal, influenced which information sources were used. However, consistency and clarity of the information itself remains an issue, due to competition amongst the information sources and the increased complexity of the knowledge behind pasture renewal. Keywords: pasture renewal, communication, interaction, information sources, survey