bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing contraceptive uptake among women of reproductive age in Kenya
Authors: Nyakundi Jane Bitutu , Yonge Shadrack , Kiiru Samuel , Gichangi Peter
Published: April 2024

Background Modern Contraceptive Methods (MCM) use is among the interventions preventing unplanned pregnancies and unsafe abortions globally. Nevertheless, MCM uptake is still low. We aimed at determining factors influencing contraceptive uptake among women of reproductive age 15 to 49 years, in Kenya. Methods We used secondary data collected by Performance, monitoring for Action (PMA). PMA used cross sectional multi-stage cluster survey design and collected the data between November and December 2019. The study was approved by NACOSTI/202974 and KNERC KNH/ERC/R/192. Results The study obtained a sample size of 9477 women of reproductive age (WRA) from 11 counties in Kenya. Both descriptive and inferential statistical analysis with a P value of 0.05 was done using Stata 16.1. The prevalence of modern contraceptives uptake was 43.2% among all WRA, which was lower among rural dwellers 41.4% (95% CI 39.62, 43.17) as compared to urban dwellers 47.5 (95% CI 44.39,50.55). More than half (53.4%) of the married women were using a modern contraceptive, while only about two in every 10 of the unmarried were using a modern contraceptive. Women affiliated with the Islam religion were less likely to use modern contraceptive (aPOR 0.6, 95% CI 0.42, 0.89 p=0.010) as compared to the Catholics. Family planning (FP) services were found to be lower (aPOR 0.535(95% CI 0.29,0.98 p=0.043) in National Hospital Insurance Fund (NHIF)-covered facilities than in non-NHIF-covered ones. Adolescent FP service provision and prescription was significant (aPOR 4.0 95% CI; 1.05,15.41, p=0.42). Conclusion Low uptake for MCM is influenced by sociodemographic factors and Health system factors. Efforts to increase MCM uptake should focus on rural residents, unmarried women, Islamic religion women and accreditation of NHIF services in all facilities.
The impact of regulation on the quality of care in nursing homes in Ireland: a time-series analysis of change in compliance
Authors: Behan Laura , Grogan Carol , Keyes Laura M
Published: April 2024

Background Quality in health and social care is of paramount importance. Regulation is often used for ensuring or promoting quality in care services. Services are typically regulated by independent public authorities, which monitor services for compliance with regulations. There is limited research, however, on services’ compliance with regulations to provide a high quality of care. This study aims to examine nursing home compliance with regulations relating to quality. Methods Secondary legislation used for regulating nursing homes in Ireland was mapped to the Donabedian’s quality framework with each regulation categorised as either “structure”, “process” or “outcome”. The regulations categorised as “outcome” were determined to be quality-related regulations; such regulations were extracted and became this study’s area of focus. Published inspection reports from the regulator in Ireland for a three year period (2019 to 2021) (n=1,153) were assessed. The frequency with which the “outcome regulations” were inspected in nursing homes, and the proportion of compliance achieved, was calculated. Change in compliance levels across the three years was evaluated using Chi2 tests. Results Ten regulations were categorised as “outcome regulations” and addressed the following areas: positive behaviour; protection; residents' rights; communication; visits; personal possessions; food and nutrition; information for residents; medicines and pharmaceutical services; and complaints procedures. Compliance with two regulations (‘Regulation 9: Residents’ rights’ and ‘Regulation 11: Visits’) significantly improved during the three years (p<0.05). Compliance with ‘Regulation 12: Personal Possessions’ significantly decreased over the three years, however, so did the proportion found not compliant. While there was no significant change in the other regulations examined, compliance trended towards improvement, except for one regulation, ‘Regulation 20: Information for residents’, which trended downwards. Conclusion This analysis of national-level data found improvements in compliance across nearly all quality-related regulations demonstrating that regulation can be a positive influence on quality maintenance and improvement.
Development and evaluation of a stroke research Public Patient Involvement Panel
Authors: O'Reilly Siobhán , Whiston Aoife , Corbett Eva , O'Mahony Amy , Manning Molly X , Boland Pauline , Robinson Katie , Galvin Rose , Allardyce Joanna M , Butler Mike , Bradley Jim , Salsberg Jon , O'Connor Margaret , Pond Patricia , Murphy Eva , Glynn Liam G , Cunningham Nora , Hennessy Edel , Hayes Sara
Published: April 2024

Background Public and patient involvement (PPI) is important in stroke research to ensure that research conducted reflects the priorities and needs of people after stroke. Several factors have been found to affect PPI, including location of the research and time requirements for participation. The incidence of stroke is rising, and can result in symptoms including fatigue, depression, and physical/cognitive impairments. Aims 1) Describe the development of a PPI advisory group and a healthcare professional advisory group for stroke rehabilitation research and 2) to explore the perspectives of the members of the PPI groups on being involved in the research process. Methods A stakeholder panel consisting of up to 20 people with stroke, members of the public and healthcare professionals will be formed. A pragmatic purposive sampling technique using snowball sampling will be used to recruit members. The PPI panel will meet four times and will be supported by the guidelines developed from the INVOLVE framework. The PPI panel will be involved as co-researchers in the conceptualisation of future stroke rehabilitation research, the delivery of such studies, the analysis and dissemination of findings. Following the development of the panel, we will conduct semi-structured focus groups to collect qualitative data, examining the perspectives of members. Separate focus groups will be held for people with stroke, family members/cares, and healthcare professionals/researchers. Data will be transcribed and analysed using Braun and Clarke’s Reflexive Thematic Analysis. This will result in a set of themes and subthemes describing participants' opinions and experience of being on a PPI panel in stroke rehabilitation research. Conclusions PPI is an essential part of research in stroke. Stakeholders can provide key insights into the research processes. The results of this qualitative study will provide insight into the barriers and enablers of their participation in PPI in stroke rehabilitation research.
A scoping review of infertility research conducted in the Republic Of Ireland
Authors: Earley Áine , O'Dea Angela , Madden Caoimhe , O'Connor Paul , Byrne Dara , Murphy Andrew W. , Lydon Sinéad
Published: April 2024

Background Approximately 25 million citizens in Europe experience infertility. Until September 2023, the Republic of Ireland (RoI) was the only state in the European Union that did not offer any state-funded access to Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). As research supports the understanding, and improvement, of care delivery, and research activity is associated with healthcare performance, it seems timely to develop an understanding of infertility research to-date in RoI. The aim of this scoping review was to examine the extent and nature of research on infertility conducted in RoI. Methods A protocol for this scoping review was published through the Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/H8F4Y) in March 2023. The search strategy was comprised of electronic searches, review of reference lists, grey literature searches, and screening of publications from the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology and the International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies. Studies focused on infertility or infertility care that were conducted in RoI were included. Deductive content analysis was used to cluster studies. Results In total, 105 studies were included and published between 1951 and 2023, with a marked increase from 2010. Studies most frequently considered Success Rates of ART (31.4%), Service Description and Evaluation (12.4%), and Optimising Treatment Regimes or Protocols (11.4%). Conclusions The sizable body of research is congruent with the increasing burden of infertility. However, the literature is limited by a predominant focus on ART success rates, a dearth of qualitative studies, limited engagement with healthcare providers, and limited exploration of the quality of care provision. This review may offer a useful model for researchers in other countries. The variability in availability, and outcomes, of ART across Europe conveys the necessity of understanding and advancing research within individual countries and health systems as well as internationally.
Insights from the co-creation process in communities of practice for urban water management
Authors: Wehbe Marianne , Bea Manuel , Goicolea Güemez Elena , Stein Ulf , Caradot Nicolas , Goicolea Juan , Lopez Gunn Elena , Anzaldua Gerardo
Published: April 2024

This article presents a practical case of a co-creation process within the framework of the European project Digital Water City (DWC). DWC sought to address the context and challenges of water in Europe with a participatory approach of co-creation as an integral part of Communities of Practice. To situate the concepts within their theoretical framework, the different approximations of co-creation and Communities of Practice are examined. The article analyzes the ways in which they have been used and applied in DWC as well as the ways in which the project has managed to articulate them at different levels. It discusses what has been done so far, whether the objectives related to co-creation have been achieved, what its added value to the project was, and the possible obstacles and successes. In order to gather this information, five case studies are presented and illustrated with a questionnaire that was carried out with the cities, researchers and key innovators. Results show that DWC´s co-creation process succeeded in incorporating end-users’ needs into the development of the digital solutions created, giving them a constructive role in the value-creation process, and bringing together different stakeholders from public and private sectors as well as researchers. It was also highlighted that the process and its format need to be adapted to each specific context and a culture of co-creation needs first to be established. The co-creation process and the DWC CoPs also raise governance questions and create new partnerships.
MEDINA Catalogue of Cloud Security controls and metrics: Towards Continuous Cloud Security compliance
Authors: Martinez Cristina , Etxaniz Iñaki , Molinuevo Alberto , Alonso Juncal
Published: April 2024

In order to address current challenges on security certification of European ICT products, processes and services, the European Comission, through ENISA (European Union Agency for Cybersecurity), has developed the European Cybersecurity Certification Scheme for Cloud Services (EUCS). This paper presents the overview of the H2020 MEDINA project approach and tools to support the adoption of EUCS and offers a detailed description of one of the core components of the framework, the MEDINA Catalogue of Controls and Metrics. The main objective of the MEDINA Catalogue is to provide automated functionalities for CSPs’ compliance managers and auditors to ease the certification process towards EUCS, through the provision of all information and guidance related to the scheme, namely categories, controls, security requirements, assurance levels, etc. The tool has been enhanced with all the research and implementation works performed in MEDINA, such as definition of compliance metrics, suggestion of related implementation guidelines, alignment of similar controls in other schemes, and a set of self-assessment questionnaires, which are presented and discussed in this paper.
The release of host-derived antibodies bound to the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) of Trypanosoma brucei cannot be explained by pH-dependent conformational changes of the VSG dimer
Authors: Eirich Patrick , Nesterov Pavel , Shityakov Sergey , Skorb Ekaterina V. , Sander Bodo , Broscheit Jens , Dandekar Thomas , Jones Nicola G. , Engstler Markus
Published: April 2024

Background Trypanosoma brucei is a protozoan parasite that evades the mammalian host’s adaptive immune response by antigenic variation of the highly immunogenic variant surface glycoprotein (VSG). VSGs form a dense surface coat that is constantly recycled through the endosomal system. Bound antibodies are separated in the endosome from the VSG and destroyed in the lysosome. For VSGs it has been hypothesized that pH-dependent structural changes of the VSG could occur in the more acidic environment of the endosome and hence, facilitate the separation of the antibody from the VSG. Methods We used size exclusion chromatography, where molecules are separated according to their hydrodynamic radius to see if the VSG is present as a homodimer at both pH values. To gain information about the structural integrity of the protein we used circular dichroism spectroscopy by exposing the VSG in solution to a mixture of right- and left-circularly polarized light and analysing the absorbed UV spectra. Evaluation of protein stability and molecular dynamics simulations at different pH values was performed using different computational methods. Results We show, for an A2-type VSG, that the dimer size is only slightly larger at pH 5.2 than at pH 7.4. Moreover, the dimer was marginally more stable at lower pH due to the higher affinity (ΔG = 353.37 kcal/mol) between the monomers. Due to the larger size, the predicted epitopes were more exposed to the solvent at low pH. Moderate conformational changes (ΔRMSD = 0.35 nm) in VSG were detected between the dimers at pH 5.2 and pH 7.4 in molecular dynamics simulations, and no significant differences in the protein secondary structure were observed by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Conclusions Thus, the dissociation of anti-VSG-antibodies in endosomes cannot be explained by changes in pH.
Determinants of screening participation of disadvantaged populations in France: a qualitative study
Authors: Le Bonniec Alice , Andrin Amandine , Dima Alexandra Lelia , Letrilliart Laurent
Published: April 2024

Background People from deprived backgrounds and people with disability have generally limited access to health screening. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing access to recommended screenings for these disadvantaged groups, to inform development of tailored screening support. Methods Thirty semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 participants from deprived backgrounds and 12 participants with disability. A content analysis using an analytical framework was performed. Barriers and facilitators to screening participation were categorized in four domains: individual, social, healthcare system/healthcare professional, and screening procedure. Results Most barriers and facilitators pertained to the individual and healthcare system/healthcare professional domains. In the individual domain, fear could have a negative influence on screening participation in both groups. In the social domain, social influences (i.e. having children, knowing people suffering from the disease) were reported as facilitating screening. People with disability reported to be more influenced by factors related to the healthcare domain. Conclusion Our results highlight the need to better consider the environmental factors of individuals, in particular the potential influence of relatives and healthcare professionals, to improve their participation in screening.
Atlantic mackerel population structure does not support genetically distinct spawning components
Authors: Manuzzi Alice , Aguirre-Sarabia Imanol , Díaz-Arce Natalia , Bekkevold Dorte , Jansen Teunis , Gomez-Garrido Jessica , Alioto Tyler S. , Gut Marta , Castonguay Martin , Sanchez-Maroño Sonia , Álvarez Paula , Rodriguez-Ezpeleta Naiara
Published: April 2024

Background The Atlantic mackerel, Scomber scombrus (Linnaeus, 1758) is a commercially valuable migratory pelagic fish inhabiting the northern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Given its highly migratory behaviour for feeding and spawning, several studies have been conducted to assess differentiation among spawning components to better define management units, as well as to investigate possible adaptations to comprehend and predict recent range expansion northwards. Methods Here, a high-quality genome of S. scombrus was sequenced and annotated, as an increasing number of population genetic studies have proven the relevance of reference genomes to investigate genomic markers/regions potentially linked to differences at finer scale. Such reference genome was used to map Restriction-site-associated sequencing (RAD-seq) reads for SNP discovery and genotyping in more than 500 samples distributed along the species range. The resulting genotyping tables have been used to perform connectivity and adaptation analyses. Results The assembly of the reference genome for S. scombrus resulted in a high-quality genome of 741 Mb. Our population genetic results show that the Atlantic mackerel consist of three previously known genetically isolated units (Northwest Atlantic, Northeast Atlantic, Mediterranean), and provide no evidence for genetically distinct spawning components within the Northwest or Northeast Atlantic. Conclusions Therefore, our findings resolved previous uncertainties by confirming the absence of genetically isolated spawning components in each side of the northern Atlantic, thus rejecting homing behaviour and the need to redefine management boundaries in this species. In addition, no further genetic signs of ongoing adaptation were detected in this species.
Oriented artificial nanofibers and laser induced periodic surface structures as substrates for Schwann cells alignment
Authors: Lifka Sebastian , Plamadeala Cristina , Weth Agnes , Heitz Johannes , Baumgartner Werner
Published: April 2024

People with injuries to the peripheral nervous system, due to its poor functional regeneration, suffer from paralysis of the facial muscles, fingers and hands, or toes and feet, often for the rest of their lives. Therefore, to improve patients’ quality of life, there is an urgent need for conduits that effectively support the healing of large defects in nerve pathways through specific guidance of nerve cells. This paper describes two specific methods for achieving directed growth of Schwann cells, a type of glial cells that can support the regeneration of the nerve pathway by guiding the neuronal axons in the direction of their alignment. One method implies the exposure of a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) foil to a KrF* laser beam, that renders a nanorippled surface topography. The other method uses aligned polyamide-6 (PA-6) nanofibers produced via electrospinning on a very fast rotating structured collector, which enables easy nanofiber detachment, without additional effort. Schwann cells growth on these substrates was inspected after one week of cultivation by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM). For both methods we show that Schwann cells grow in a certain direction, predetermined by nanoripples and nanofibers orientation. In contrast, cells cultivated onto unstructured surfaces or randomly oriented nanofibers, show an omnidirectional growth behavior.
Deriving lessons learned from monitoring adaptation activities in projects under the EU mission on adaptation
Authors: Bilgram Stephanie , Klusmann Carla , Kind Christian , Andreoli Elisa , Castellani Chiara , Kofinas Dimitris , Cools Jan , Trabucco Antonio , Laspidou Chrysi
Published: April 2024

Actions to strengthen climate resilience are gaining more traction. In order to ensure effective adaptation, it is important to monitor the outcomes and impacts of these actions. However, there are numerous challenges and a multitude of approaches when it comes to monitoring adaptation to climate change. This paper addresses challenges in setting up mechanisms for monitoring climate resilience and adaptation projects. Drawing from three EU Horizon 2020 projects under the EU Mission on Adaptation to Climate Change, it synthesizes challenges and insights to support future initiatives in their monitoring endeavors for other projects to learn from. Findings, acquired through workshops with experts who shared learnings and challenges, highlight four key themes: the challenge of tailoring global frameworks to local needs, data availability and evaluation of data, interdisciplinary collaboration in monitoring, and stakeholder engagement for monitoring endeavors.
Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) science: Planetary and cometary atmospheres
Authors: Cordiner Martin , Thelen Alexander , Cavalie Thibault , Cosentino Richard , Fletcher Leigh N. , Gurwell Mark , de Kleer Katherine , Kuan Yi-Jehng , Lellouch Emmanuel , Moullet Arielle , Nixon Conor , de Pater Imke , Teanby Nicholas , Butler Bryan , Charnley Steven , Milam Stefanie , Moreno Raphael , Booth Mark , Klaassen Pamela , Cicone Claudia , Mroczkowski Tony , Di Mascolo Luca , Johnstone Doug , van Kampen Eelco , Lee Minju , Liu Daizhong , Maccarone Thomas , Saintonge Amelie , Smith Matthew , Wedemeyer Sven
Published: April 2024

The study of planets and small bodies within our Solar System is fundamental for understanding the formation and evolution of the Earth and other planets. Compositional and meteorological studies of the giant planets provide a foundation for understanding the nature of the most commonly observed exoplanets, while spectroscopic observations of the atmospheres of terrestrial planets, moons, and comets provide insights into the past and present-day habitability of planetary environments, and the availability of the chemical ingredients for life. While prior and existing (sub)millimeter observations have led to major advances in these areas, progress is hindered by limitations in the dynamic range, spatial and temporal coverage, as well as sensitivity of existing telescopes and interferometers. Here, we summarize some of the key planetary science use cases that factor into the design of the Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST), a proposed 50-m class single dish facility: (1) to more fully characterize planetary wind fields and atmospheric thermal structures, (2) to measure the compositions of icy moon atmospheres and plumes, (3) to obtain detections of new, astrobiologically relevant gases and perform isotopic surveys of comets, and (4) to perform synergistic, temporally-resolved measurements in support of dedicated interplanetary space missions. The improved spatial coverage (several arcminutes), resolution (~ 1.2′′ − 12′′), bandwidth (several tens of GHz), dynamic range (~ 105) and sensitivity (~ 1 mK km s−1) required by these science cases would enable new insights into the chemistry and physics of planetary environments, the origins of prebiotic molecules and the habitability of planetary systems in general.
Reconciling the PSBG and CBM Models of Musical Processing: A Response to Schubert and Pearce
Authors: Jan Steven
Published: April 2024

Schubert and Pearce (2016) contrast two modes of musical memory (more broadly, musical perception and cognition): the schematic and the veridical, which they formalise in terms of the Problem-Solving by Generalisation (PSBG) and Case-Based Memory (CBM) models, respectively. The former hypothesises the ab- straction of schematic categories as solutions to the processing of unfamiliar music, the latter the invocation of (sequentially concatenated segments of) a vast memory store of previously heard pieces as locally stored “keys” engaging with the relevant incoming “locks”. This article explores how these two models might be implemented neuronally, in terms of Calvin’s Hexagonal Cloning Theory (HCT), arguing that they can be explained as two related, indeed complementary, functions of the same un- derpinning mechanism. It also explores the cultural-evolutionary implications of the two models through the lens of memetics.
Qualifying for international and national protection under the Polish legal order: Some remarks in the context of the war in Ukraine
Authors: Karska Elżbieta , Dąbrowski Łukasz Dawid
Published: April 2024

The Russian Federation's actions against Ukraine in February 2014, having - at the time - the form of hybrid warfare, followed later by an armed assault that took place on 24 February 2022, have resulted in an unprecedented influx of refugees from across Poland's eastern border. As Poland faced a major challenge (also in legal terms), additional regulations had to be introduced to supplement the refugee protection standards already in place under national and international laws. The purpose of this paper is to identify the prerequisites (conditions) stemming from the catalogue of protective instruments provided for in Polish legal regulations that can be taken advantage of by Ukrainian citizens after the Russian attack of 24 February 2022. The thesis of this study is that Polish protective mechanisms are consistent and complementary, and that, insofar as they apply to Ukrainian citizens, they fulfil international obligations under the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, adopted on 28 July 1951 and secondary European Union law, mainly Directive 2011/95/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011.
A mixed methods study examining the impact of primary health care financing transitions on facility functioning and service delivery in Kenya: a study protocol
Authors: Muthuri Rose Nabi Deborah Karimi , Nzinga Jacinta , Tsofa Benjamin , Musiega Anita , Mugo Peter , Wong Ethan , Mazzilli Caitlin , Ng’ang’a Wangari , Hagedorn Brittany , Turner Gillian , Musuva Anne , Ravishankar Nirmala , Murira Felix Munene , Barasa Edwine
Published: April 2024

Background Kenya has experienced several health financing changes that have implications for financing primary healthcare (PHC). These include transitions from funding by two key donors (the World Bank and the Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA)) and the abolishment of conditional grants that were earmarked for financing primary healthcare facilities. This protocol lays out study plans to evaluate the impact and implementation experience of these financing changes on PHC facility functioning and service delivery in Kenya. Methods/design A sequential mixed methods design will be applied to address our research objectives. Firstly, we will perform a document review to understand the evolution of policy changes understudy. Second, we will conduct an interrupted time series analysis across all 47 counties in Kenya to assess these financing changes' impact on health service utilization in all public primary healthcare facilities (level 2 and 3 facilities). Data for this analysis will be obtained from the Kenya Health Information System (KHIS). Third, we will carry out in-depth interviews with health financing stakeholders at the national, county, and health facility levels to examine their perceptions of the experiences with these changes in health financing. Discussion This mixed methods study will contribute to evidence on the sustainability of financing primary healthcare in low and middle-income countries facing financing changes and donor transitions.
The genome sequence of lesser trefoil or Irish shamrock, Trifolium dubium Sibth. (Fabaceae)
Authors: Ruhsam Markus , Hollingsworth Peter M , Mc Cartney Ann M. , Herron Katie E. , Hughes Graham M. , Christenhusz Maarten J. M. , Fay Michael F. , Leitch Ilia J. ,   Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Genome Acquisition Lab,   Plant Genome Sizing collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: April 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual Trifolium dubium (lesser trefoil; Tracheophyta; Magnoliopsida; Fabales; Fabaceae) as part of a collaboration between the Darwin Tree of Life and the European Reference Genome Atlas. The genome sequence is 679.1 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 15 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The two mitochondrial genomes have lengths of 133.86 kb and 182.32 kb, and the plastid genome assembly has a length of 126.22 kilobases.
The genome sequence of black poplar, Populus nigra subsp. betulifolia L., 1753 (Salicaceae)
Authors: Christenhusz Maarten J. M. , Bastiaanse Heloise ,   Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Genome Acquisition Lab,   Plant Genome Sizing collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: April 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual Populus nigra subsp. betulifola (black poplar; Tracheophyta; Malpighiales; Salicaceae). The genome sequence is 413.2 megabases in span. Most of the assembly (99.73%) is scaffolded into 19 chromosomal pseudomolecules. Mitochondrial and plastid genomes were also assembled. Three mitochondrial assemblies have lengths of 281.85, 335.57 and 186.15 kilobases, and the plastid genome has a length of 156.37 kilobases.
HIERARCHICAL CLUSTERIZATION AND DEEP LEARNING MODEL RANDOM FOREST OF BANKS’ STABILITY UNDER RISK CONDITIONS
Authors: Lomakin Nikolay I. , Kuzmina Tatyana I. , Maramygin Maxim S. , Dergacheva Svetlana N. , Tsebekova Yulia T. , Vimalarathne Kanchana , Lomakin Ivan N.
Published: April 2024

Certain theoretical aspects of the stability of Russian banks under risk conditions have been studied. The relevance is due to the fact that in conditions of market uncertainty and risk, approaches to ensure the stability of banks using artificial intelligence are increasingly being used. The goal is to identify patterns between the characteristics of Assets and ROA (Return on Assets), an indicator of return on assets, and obtain a forecast value of Sberbank’s net profit. The result of the study was hierarchical clustering, as well as the generated Deep Learning model Random Forest, which calculated the predicted value of the Sberbank’s net profit. The novelty lies in the fact that the work puts forward and proves the hypothesis that using the Random Forest Deep learning model, a forecast of the net profit of commercial banks can be obtained, which predetermines the stability and dynamics of their development. The conclusions from the study boil down to the fact that a Deep Learning model Random Forest was developed to forecast the amount of net profit, which for Sberbank for 2023 amounted to 38,631 billion rubles, which coincided with its actual value. The area of application of the results obtained is commercial banks.
De las imprentas del siglo XVI a los talleres industriales del siglo XIX. Alegorías de los cuatro continentes.
Authors: Morales Folguera José Miguel
Published: April 2024

: En la segunda mitad del siglo XIX se crea en talleres industriales de Barcelona una nueva iconografía de los cuatro continentes, que puede ser considerada como exclusivamente hispánica, ya que se hallan distribuidos por España e Hispanoamérica y no aparecen en otros países. Está ligada a indianos, comerciantes e industriales, que los ubican en los jardines de sus mansiones. Aunque en principio estaban destinados a ser realizados en terracota, los ejemplos conservados están ejecutados en piedra y mármol.
El grabado calcográfico en el Reino de Jaén.
Authors: Almansa Moreno José Manuel
Published: April 2024

En los últimos años hemos asistido al incremento de estudios sobre el grabado europeo y español debido a su importancia en la investigación de la Historia del Arte. Sin embargo, aún son escasos los estudios globales sobre el grabado en Andalucía, y menos aún lo son respecto a los del antiguo reino de Jaén (en parte debido a la escasez de ejemplos documentados). En este texto pretendemos hacer una aproximación al grabado jiennense, prestando especial atención a la producción calcográfica (casi excepcional en relación con el gran número de xilografías catalogadas), dando a conocer algunos de los autores documentados y sus obras más relevantes.
La historia de la ciudad de Granada a través de sus estampas: Historia tamquam pictura.
Authors: Cuesta García de Leonardo María José
Published: April 2024

Con el estudio de los grabados elaborados en Granada en los siglos XVI y XVII, nos acercamos al estudio de su evolución histórica y sus gentes, de su manera de pensar y de los sucesos más importantes ocurridos en ella en el tránsito de una sociedad medieval y musulmana a otra cristiana, primero humanista y luego contrarreformista. El grabado constata la visión que hubo de esa historia.
Jeroglíficos para una arquitectura efímera: el traslado de la Hermandad de Toneleros de Sevilla de San Francisco de Paula al Arenal en 1761.
Authors: García de la Torre Fuensanta
Published: April 2024

En 1753 la Hermandad de Toneleros de Sevilla, ubicada desde 1592 en el Colegio de San Francisco de Paula, decide volver al barrio del Arenal donde se fundó el 17 de marzo de 1517 en el Hospital de san Antón y san Andrés. La nueva capilla se dedica el 14 de agosto de 1761 y al dia siguiente se lleva a cabo una solemne procesión desde el Colegio de frailes mínimos hasta el Arenal. Esas solemnes fiestas coinciden con las que se estaban celebrando en la ciudad en honor la Inmaculada Concepción, recogiendose en un impreso que las describe detalladamente
Pedagogía de la imagen en la Andalucía de la Edad Moderna: las empresas de Juan Francisco Villava y de Lorenzo Ortiz.
Authors: Cazalla Canto Silvia
Published: April 2024

Deleitando enseña. Esta expresión acuñada por el emblemista Diego Saavedra Fajardo resume a la perfección el afán pedagógico de este género literario surgido en Augsburgo en 1531 gracias al Emblematum Liber de Andrea Alciato. En Andalucía la literatura emblemática hizo acto de presencia gracias a dos autores jesuitas: el jienense Juan Francisco Villava y su obra Empresas espirituales y morales (Baeza, 1613) y el sevillano Lorenzo Ortiz, con su libro Memoria, Entendimiento y Voluntad (Sevilla, 1677). Hasta el momento los estudios sobre literatura emblemática andaluza proponían como único emblemista a Villava, sin embargo, es mi propósito incluir en este repertorio a Ortiz como autor de pleno derecho.
Principios, funciones y modelos de la administración financiera en las organizaciones
Authors: Juárez Fernando
Published: April 2024

Este capítulo proporciona una descripción de las funciones y actividades financieras orientadas a los objetivos de crear, agregar y entregar valor en una secuencia orientativa. Los modelos y las operaciones financieras tienen una gran complejidad en las organizaciones, por eso, requieren de una cierta estructura orientativa, una comprensión amplia que permita ir profundizando en dichos modelos y funciones, pero dentro de la lógica de un marco general. En este sentido, el capítulo se dirige a proporcionar ese marco general a partir del cual se pueda comprender las diferentes estrategias financieras de las organizaciones. Todo esto se orienta mediante una determinada secuencia de valor, la cual, sin tener un carácter prescriptivo, sirve para entender y situar las funciones y actividades financieras.
Administración y consolidación financiera de los stakeholders
Authors: Juárez Fernando , Díaz Johanna
Published: April 2024

Ante la complejidad de administrar y gestionar los recursos de las organizaciones desde el reconocimiento y la comprensión de grupos de interés concretos, sobresale el interés en ofrecer información a partir de una estructura financiera que favorezca su entendimiento. En este capítulo, se propone un modelo de consolidación que implica la construcción de una identidad financiera de los stakeholders, lo cual permite la fijación de aspectos estratégicos, considerando y superando el centrismo empresarial. Lo anterior sugiere el uso de estructuras radiales y de red, pero también tipos de administración según relevancia y secuencialidad, y de igualdad y paralelismo, dando lugar a una asignación diferencial de recursos. Por ello, los stakeholders deben ser incluidos dentro del sistema de información contable y financiero, otorgando un abordaje definitivo y no una denominación registrada desde aspectos cualitativos.
Administración de capital de trabajo: diagnóstico y gestión de la liquidez en las organizaciones
Authors: Useche Alejandro J. , Martín Alfonso
Published: April 2024

Este capítulo analiza el concepto de capital de trabajo, sus componentes y su importancia para la administración financiera, presentando tanto los principales indicadores de medición desde el análisis financiero, como algunos modelos de optimización aplicados a la gestión de la liquidez en las organizaciones. Los elementos teóricos son acompañados por ejercicios prácticos para la realización de diagnósticos y la definición de políticas de capital de trabajo.
Los sistemas de control financiero
Authors: Malagón Robayo Carolina
Published: April 2024

La administración de las organizaciones busca la maximización del valor de sus operaciones en todas sus actividades propias, como son planeación, ejecución y evaluación; a su vez, el control, que es otra fase integrante de la administración, está presente en cada una de las anteriores. En este capítulo se dimensiona el control financiero a través del tiempo, expresado en la planeación en términos prospectivos, en la ejecución y evaluación en un enfoque retrospectivo.
Conceptos del mercado de capitales
Authors: Bello Rodríguez Luis Alejandro
Published: April 2024

En este capítulo se describe tanto el mercado de capitales, como su división en mercado bancario y mercado de valores. Igualmente, se mencionan algunos aspectos acerca de la regulación del sistema financiero, y se presentan diferentes tipos de instrumentos financieros a partir de los cuales las empresas y el gobierno pueden financiarse: los bonos, las acciones y los fondos de inversión. Adicionalmente, se hace referencia a los principales tipos de derivados que pueden utilizarse para especular, arbitrar o protegerse de riesgos financieros. Por último, se presentan tres tipos de clasificaciones del mercado de valores.
Mercado de derivados para pymes mediante comunidades digitales de inversionistas
Authors: Juárez Fernando , Pérez Carlos Hernán
Published: April 2024

Las pequeñas y medianas empresas suelen tener dificultades para acceder a diversas fuentes de financiación, lo cual impide alcanzar el grado óptimo de apalancamiento. Una alternativa de utilidad es acceder a recursos a través de derivados en el segundo mercado de valores mediante participación colectiva, lo que podría favorecer el desarrollo de estas empresas. En este capítulo se determina si las características del mercado de derivados de pymes en el denominado segundo mercado de valores se desarrollarían mediante la creación de comunidades digitales de inversionistas, con énfasis en el caso colombiano. Con este fin, se revisaron fuentes documentales y de datos, identificando los requerimientos legales, financieros, técnicos y estructurales-funcionales de diseño necesarios en un entorno digital. Los resultados indican que la creación de comunidades digitales de clientes inversionistas favorece la introducción de las pymes en el segundo mercado de valores mediante modelos desarrollados en el campo de las redes de colaboración, con el uso de tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones, y la formación de redes digitales de inversión y cobertura de riesgo.
La administración financiera y las decisiones gerenciales en escenarios de incertidumbre
Authors: Alayón José Luis , Useche Alejandro J.
Published: April 2024

En este capítulo se propone el uso de un modelo de toma de decisiones en escenarios de incertidumbre desde el punto de vista de los contratos, con una perspectiva financiera. Para esto se implementa la teoría del valor esperado y el enfoque costo-beneficio. El capítulo presenta los aspectos tradicionales de la toma de decisión bajo incertidumbre aplicada a las finanzas corporativas, complementados con elementos de finanzas comportamentales a partir de los cuales se puede reconocer cómo la posible presencia de sesgos en el análisis realizado por los directivos puede llevar a la toma de decisiones subóptimas.
Gobierno corporativo. Presencia y utilidad de la información financiera
Authors: Cifuentes Martínez Wilson Eduardo
Published: April 2024

Las empresas pertenecientes a los sectores privado y público han encontrado en el gobierno corporativo una herramienta que permite guiar la preparación y el reporte de la información financiera con destino a sus stakeholders. Con la finalidad de analizar este rol, se revisaron los antecedentes y la aplicación de estas prácticas en el caso colombiano. Los hallazgos sugieren que el sector privado tiene un desarrollo mayor del apoyo del gobierno corporativo en la preparación y presentación de esta información debido principalmente a la tipología y objetivos de las organizaciones de este sector con respecto a las del sector público. De igual manera, se identifica que existen avances importantes desde el punto de vista normativo e instrumental, pero también retos para apoyar las acciones relacionadas con la misión de las organizaciones públicas, y la forma como se implementa y ejecuta el gobierno corporativo en las organizaciones. Finalmente, se evidencia la necesidad de incorporar buenas prácticas de gobierno corporativo para mejorar el servicio público, la preparación y el reporte de la información financiera, y ajustarse a las tendencias y marcos imperantes en la actualidad.
Relación entre las medidas para mitigar la propagación del Covid-19 y los patrones de actividad laboral y salud mental en Colombia
Authors: Andia Tatiana , Criado Leonel , Mantilla César , Molano Andrés , Rodríguez Lesmes Paul
Published: April 2024

Este trabajo da una perspectiva que mezcla la economía, la sociología y la psicología. El Estudio comunitario Colombia Covid-19 está recopilando información e historias sobre cómo los residentes, las familias y las comunidades del país se están adaptando y haciendo frente a esta pandemia. Desde el 26 de marzo de 2020 hemos conducido un sondeo en línea que busca llegar a diferentes capas de la sociedad, y que, esperamos, permita dar luces sobre los campos específicos que requieren un análisis más detallado por parte de la comunidad académica y de aquellos encargados de las políticas públicas. En la sección 1, presentaremos los detalles del estudio; en la 2, los principales resultados frente a la afectación laboral; en la 3, sobre bienestar y salud mental; y en la 4, acerca de las percepciones sobre el futuro. En la sección 5 discutiremos una medición asociada a economía del comportamiento, una medida sobre altruismo. Finalmente, damos los mensajes clave en las conclusiones.
Conservación de la biodiversidad en aguas más allá de las jurisdicciones nacionales: la interacción entre albatros y pesquerías comerciales como estudio de caso
Authors: Favero Marco , Seco Pon Juan Pablo , Copello Sofía
Published: April 2024

Uno de los problemas de conservación más agudos que enfrenta la megafauna marina —incluyendo a las aves marinas— está asociado a la mortalidad incidental en pesquerías. Con diferentes dinámicas y planteando complejos desafíos para la conservación de especies amenazadas, este problema ocurre tanto en pesquerías jurisdiccionales como en aquellas que operan en aguas internacionales. Abordar este problema de conservación en especies altamente migratorias requiere gestiones complejas, y en ellas la cooperación multilateral resulta decisiva.
A biodiversidade e a regulamentação dos espaços marítimos além da jurisdição nacional na Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre o Direito do Mar
Authors: Mourão Sachett Barbara
Published: April 2024

Este artigo tem por objeto a análise da biodiversidade e dos espaços marítimos, temas apresentados pela Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre o Direito do Mar. O texto visa refletir sobre os espaços marítimos, a Área como patrimônio comum da humanidade com seus princípios e conceitos, e o histórico do princípio do patrimônio comum da humanidade, desde a proposta de Arvid Pardo até a elaboração da Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre o Direito do Mar, de 1982. Da mesma forma, compreender que o princípio do patrimônio comum da humanidade não é a forma mais adequada e suficiente para se analisar a regulamentação jurídica dos espaços além da jurisdição nacional. O método aplicado a esta pesquisa é o dedutivo, e como técnica de pesquisa a exploração bibliográfica, com consulta doutrinária e jurisprudencial.
O protocolo de Nagoia, a repartição de recursos genéticos e a conservação da biodiversidade marinha
Authors: do Espírito Santo Gabriela Martins
Published: April 2024

O Protocolo de Nagoia sobre Acesso aos Recursos Genéticos e a Repartição Justa e Equitativa dos Benefícios Derivados de seu Uso, acordo internacional complementar à Convenção sobre Diversidade Biológica, é derivado de uma das metas da 10ª Conferência das Partes (COP-10) da Convenção sobre Diversidade Biológica (CDB) e também de um dos três pilares da convenção, qual seja, a repartição justa e equitativa entre seus membros dos benefícios decorrentes dos recursos genéticos. Referido instrumento foi adotado em 29 de outubro de 2010, em Nagoia, Japão, e passou a vigorar após a assinatura e ratificação por 50 países mais a União Europeia, em 2014. No cenário mundial de hoje, o Protocolo é um importante instrumento para a construção de um sistema legal internacional que regulamente o uso sustentável da biodiversidade, bem como a cooperação internacional para fins de compartilhamento dos benefícios extraídos desses recursos. Além disso, o valor econômico dos recursos genéticos só tem aumentado devido ao avanço da tecnologia, que permite maiores estudos e descobertas a respeito do tema, de modo que se faz primordial a regulamentação do uso e compartilhamento desses recursos e seus respectivos benefícios. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse artigo é estudar como se deu a regulamentação da repartição dos benefícios obtidos a partir de recursos genéticos, segundo o Protocolo de Nagoia, e sua relação com a diversidade biológica, englobando os impactos para a conservação e o uso sustentável da biodiversidade e a possibilidade, ou não, desse Protocolo ser aplicado no âmbito da Biodiversidade em áreas Além da Jurisdição Nacional (BBNJ, a sigla em inglês).
A importância dos armadores para a governança marítima
Authors: Reis de Oliveira Paulo Henrique
Published: April 2024

A relevância do Mar para as manifestações de poder tem origem histórica e permanece inalterada. Desse modo, considerando os novos paradigmas do desenvolvimento bem como as metas dos diversos atores, públicos e privados, nacionais e internacionais, o conceito de governança e a formulação de uma governança marítima aparentam ser um importante meio de efetivação do desenvolvimento, combinado com a defesa do meio ambiente e a garantia de direitos humanos. Nesse contexto, o trabalho apresenta aspectos fundamentais daquilo que entende ser necessário para o estímulo e formação de uma governança marítima. Exemplifica-se a relevância da governança marítima em relação ao Tribunal Internacional do Direito do Mar e à preservação do meio ambiente.