bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CViewer: a Java-based statistical framework for integration of shotgun metagenomics with other omics datasets
Authors: Koci Orges , Russell Richard K. , Shaikh M. Guftar , Edwards Christine , Gerasimidis Konstantinos , Ijaz Umer Zeeshan
Published: July 2024

Background

Shotgun metagenomics for microbial community survey recovers enormous amount of information for microbial genomes that include their abundances, taxonomic, and phylogenetic information, as well as their genomic makeup, the latter of which then helps retrieve their function based on annotated gene products, mRNA, protein, and metabolites. Within the context of a specific hypothesis, additional modalities are often included, to give host-microbiome interaction. For example, in human-associated microbiome projects, it has become increasingly common to include host immunology through flow cytometry. Whilst there are plenty of software approaches available, some that utilize marker-based and assembly-based approaches, for downstream statistical analyses, there is still a dearth of statistical tools that help consolidate all such information in a single platform. By virtue of stringent computational requirements, the statistical workflow is often passive with limited visual exploration.

Results

In this study, we have developed a Java-based statistical framework (https://github.com/KociOrges/cviewer) to explore shotgun metagenomics data, which integrates seamlessly with conventional pipelines and offers exploratory as well as hypothesis-driven analyses. The end product is a highly interactive toolkit with a multiple document interface, which makes it easier for a person without specialized knowledge to perform analysis of multiomics datasets and unravel biologically relevant patterns. We have designed algorithms based on frequently used numerical ecology and machine learning principles, with value-driven from integrated omics tools which not only find correlations amongst different datasets but also provide discrimination based on case–control relationships.

Conclusions

CViewer was used to analyse two distinct metagenomic datasets with varying complexities. These include a dietary intervention study to understand Crohn’s disease changes during a dietary treatment to include remission, as well as a gut microbiome profile for an obesity dataset comparing subjects who suffer from obesity of different aetiologies and against controls who were lean. Complete analyses of both studies in CViewer then provide very powerful mechanistic insights that corroborate with the published literature and demonstrate its full potential.
Enhanced prediction of thermomechanical systems using machine learning, PCA, and finite element simulation
Authors: Schneider Thomas , Bedrikow Alexandre Beiderwellen , Stahl Karsten
Published: July 2024

This research paper presents a comprehensive methodology for analyzing wet clutches, focusing on their intricate thermomechanical behavior. The study combines advanced encoding techniques, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), with metamodeling, to efficiently predict pressure and temperature distributions on friction surfaces. By parametrically varying input parameters and utilizing Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations, we generate a dataset comprising 200 simulations, divided into training and testing sets. Our findings indicate that PCA encoding effectively reduces data dimensionality while preserving essential information. Notably, the study reveals that only a few PCA components are required for accurate encoding: two components for temperature distribution and pressure, and three components for heat flux density. We compare various metamodeling techniques, including Linear Regression, Decision Trees, Random Forest, Support Vector Regression, Gaussian Processes, and Neural Networks. The results underscore the varying performance of these techniques, with Random Forest excelling in mechanical metamodeling and Neural Networks demonstrating superiority in thermal metamodeling.
Beyond skills: reflections on the tacit knowledge-brain-cognition nexus on heritage conservators
Authors: Otero Jorge
Published: July 2024

The conventional perception of heritage conservators’ knowledge has primarily focused on their explicit knowledge rooted between science and humanities. However, this perspective on their knowledge is imprecise and often overlooks other intangible dimensions, particularly their accumulated practical (hands-on) tacit knowledge, which extends beyond the traditional view and is often reduced to a mere skill. This comment/perspective article challenges this traditional view and aims to explore the significance of this ineffable knowledge and the possible implications of repetitive practical sensorimotor motions on the conservator's brain, embodied cognition, intuition, and decision-making. This new vision aims to reflect on how we understand the scope of knowledge of worldwide heritage conservators and to open new doors for research and interdisciplinary collaborations.
Development and implementation of an injury and illness surveillance system for team USA
Authors: Post Eric G. , Anderson Travis , Samson Olivia , Gidley Alexis D. , Triplett Ashley N. , Donaldson Amber T. , Finnoff Jonathan T. , Adams William M.
Published: July 2024

Background

The purpose of this report is to provide insight and details regarding the development and implementation of an injury and illness surveillance (IIS) system for the United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee (USOPC).

Methods

The development and deployment of the IIS employed a multiphase approach. First, researchers determined variables to include in the IIS using the recommendations from the 2020 IOC consensus statement for reporting sport epidemiological data. Second, the hosting and deployment platforms were comprehensively evaluated for their suitability, ease of use, flexibility, and backend data structure (for both capture and aggregation). Third, focus groups consisting of the Sports Medicine department leadership and clinicians piloted the IIS system and revisions were made based on their feedback. Pilot testing of the IIS and follow-up focus groups were then conducted among all departmental clinicians to solicit additional feedback and drive further revisions. Finally, the IIS system was piloted among providers working during the 2023 Pan American and Parapan American Games to refine the system for future Games. After reviewing all potential software platform options (electronic medical record [EMR] system, athlete management systems, secure data collection platforms), Qualtrics (Qualtrics, Provo, UT, USA) was selected to host the IIS system. This choice was made due to the inability of the EMR and athlete-management systems to make frequent updates, modify existing questions, and provide the necessary form logic for the variety of scenarios in which the IIS system would be deployed. Feedback from the department’s leadership and clinicians resulted in a number of changes, most notably being the ability to enter multiple diagnoses for a single injury event. Additionally, clinician feedback resulted in the creation of additional diagnostic codes not currently present in the OSIICS v14.0 diagnostic coding system, adding “non-sport” as an additional variable for injury setting, and developing a system for reporting return-to-sport date for time-loss injuries.

Discussion

A multi-stage process of extensive planning, stakeholder feedback, and ongoing updates is required in order to successfully develop and implement an IIS system within a National Olympic and Paralynpic Committee. This process can be used to inform the development and implementation of IIS systems in other sporting organizations.
Keratectasia severity staging and progression assessment based on the biomechanical E-staging
Authors: Flockerzi Elias , Seitz Berthold
Published: July 2024

Until recently, corneal topography has been the gold standard in detecting keratectasia and monitoring its progression. The recently introduced ABCD tomographic keratoconus staging system focuses on anterior (“A”) and posterior (“B”) radius of curvature, thinnest corneal thickness (“C”), best-corrected visual acuity with spectacles (“D”) and is supplemented with the introduction of the biomechanical E-staging (BEST, “E”). The need for biomechanical staging arose from the fact of altered biomechanical characteristics of keratectasia in comparison to healthy corneas. Ectatic corneas usually exhibit a biomechanical weakening and greater deformation than healthy corneas when exposed to a biomechanical stressor such as a standardized air puff indentation as provided by the Corvis ST® (CST, Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). The BEST is based on the linear term of the Corvis Biomechanical Index (CBI) and provides a biomechanical keratoconus severity staging and progression assessment within the CST software. This review traces the development of the BEST as an addition to the tomographic ABCD staging system and highlights its strengths and limitations when applied in daily practice for the detection, monitoring and progression assessment in keratectasia.
The exercise world of otaku: extended body techniques, alternative body projects, and controllable social architecture
Authors: Zhou Jiangwei , Zhao Yu
Published: July 2024

Why do some people opt for exergames like Ring Fit Adventure (RFA) over traditional exercise venues such as gyms? Focusing on the case of RFA, this study examines the social factors that contribute to this preference and explores the potential of video games to create alternative social contexts of physical exercise. Our findings indicate that that RFA constructs a distinct social context that aligns more closely with the body conceptions of the players, assisting them in partially breaking away from dominant norms of body presentation. Notably, RFA acknowledges and extends players’ body techniques related to video games, allowing them to acquire various exercise skills and helping them form alternative body projects and exercise practices through narrative design and game mechanics. The players’ utilization of multiple social media tools constructs a more controllable and individual-centric social architecture that enhances the autonomy of their body presentations.
Dietary acid load as well as dietary phytochemical index, and association with multiple sclerosis: results from a case–control study
Authors: Hatami Alireza , Ahmadi-Khorram Maryam , Keykhaei Fatemeh , Hashemi Mohtaram , Javid Reihane , Hashempour Mehrara , Esfehani Ali Jafarzadeh , Nematy Mohsen
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by central nervous system (CNS) lesions. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of MS remains unclear, nutrition is among the environmental factors that may be involved in developing MS. Currently, no specific diet has been associated with MS. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the dietary phytochemical index (DPI), dietary acid load (DAL), and the risk of developing MS.

Methods

This case‒control study was conducted on 174 patients with MS and 171 healthy individuals in Mashhad, Iran. Data were collected using a 160-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The study investigated the association between DPI, DAL, and MS, considering anthropometric measures, dietary intake, smoking habits, and sex. DPI, potential renal acid load (PRAL), and net endogenous acid production (NEAP), as indicators of DAL, were calculated based on the FFQ.

Results

The study analyzed 345 participants, comprising 174 (50.4%) MS patients and 171 (49.6%) healthy individuals. The mean age of the participants was 32.45 ± 8.66 years. The DPI score was significantly lower among MS patients, while the NEAP and PRAL scores were significantly higher among MS patients compared to the healthy group. There was no relationship between NEAP (OR 1.001; 95% CI 0.959–1.044; P = 0.974) and PRAL (OR 1.019; 95% CI 0.979–1.061; P = 0.356) and MS incidence.

Conclusions

The study found higher smoking and obesity rates in MS patients, with a reduced DPI score and increased DAL. Further studies are needed before recommending plant-based foods and dietary acid–base balance evaluation as therapeutic approach.

Graphical Abstract
The Helping Hand in Ukraine: feasibility and potential impact
Authors: Raknes Solfrid , Chorna Tetiana
Published: July 2024

Background

New services are needed to prevent the mental health consequences of the war in Ukraine. Ten adolescents self-recruited to use and evaluate the Ukrainian version of the Helping Hand (HH) in Odesa, Ukraine. From April to June 2023, they participated in a 10-session group program where they played the cognitive behavioral game app, shared stories, and engaged in activities to enhance their coping skills.

Methods

A mixed-method, quantitative–qualitative design was used to get insight into the feasibility and potential impact of the HH on Ukrainian adolescents’ mental health and well-being during the war. A questionnaire to the adolescents assessed the feasibility of the intervention; anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed before and after the intervention by a standardized and validated adolescent-completed questionnaire. An interview with the psychologist who implemented the intervention was used to interpret the data completed by the adolescents.

Results

Eight of 10 adolescents completed the HH intervention, and the psychologist found the HH helpful and culturally appropriate. The average anxiety and depression symptoms decreased from before the intervention (M = 20.4) to after (M = 15.0), showing a moderate effect size.

Conclusion

The results indicated that the HH has a high potential to prevent mental health consequences in Ukraine.
Students’ affective engagements in peer feedback across offline and online English learning environments in Thai higher education
Authors: Peungcharoenkun Tipaya , Waluyo Budi
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the effectiveness and dynamics of peer feedback in online and offline learning environments, focusing on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students’ affective engagement and its impact on learning outcomes. Utilizing an explanatory sequential mixed methods design, the research divided participants into groups that studied through Zoom and traditional classrooms over 12 weeks, analyzing their engagement with peer feedback. Data were gathered from Likert-scale and open-ended questionnaires, along with performance scores on key tasks, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, linear regressions, and thematic analysis. The findings indicated that students valued peer feedback in both settings, with online learners showing higher engagement levels. However, this engagement did not translate into improved writing skills, highlighting the need for further research into other factors that could enhance EFL writing proficiency.
Sirtuin3 and Sirtuin7 are promising biomarkers in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Makarem Yasmine S. , Fathi Nihal , El-Morabaa Mai H. , Salem Gehan Ibrahim , Badawy Eman R. , Abdelaziz Marwa Mahmoud
Published: July 2024

Background

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease that results in micro-vasculopathy, leading to organ dysfunction. Sirtuins are known for their role in cellular processes such as the cell cycle, aging, and inflammation, Sirtuins also play an important role in regulating fibrotic responses, inhibiting collagen production and myofibroblast differentiation, implying that its dysregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis. The aim of this study was to determine the circulating Sirtuin3 and Sirtuin7 levels in patients suffering from systemic sclerosis with a focus on how they might be associated with the different clinical features and subsets of the disease.

Methods

This prospective cross-sectional case–control study included 56 participants 41 SSc patients and 15 healthy controls. Demographics, clinical, and laboratory data were analyzed. Quantitative determination of human Sirtuin3 and Sirtuin7 concentrations was done.

Results

Among systemic sclerosis patients, the age of SSc patients was 42.27 ± 10.46 years. The mean serum levels of Sirtuin3 and Sirtuin7 were significantly lower in SSc patients than in healthy controls (p < 0.001). SIRT3 and SIRT7 levels among SSc patients showed a statistically significant positive correlation (p < 0.001). SIRT7 level was insignificantly decreased in dcSSc (14.16 ± 5.93) than in lcSSc (20.01 ± 8.34). Regarding the SIRT3 level, there was an insignificant difference between dcSSc and lcSSc. Modified Rodnan’s skin score correlated negatively with Sirtuin3 and Sirtuin7 levels. In systemic sclerosis patients with interstitial lung disease (56.1%), there was an insignificant difference in SIRT3 and SIRT7 levels (0.12 ± 0.01and 21.23 ± 8.23) compared with systemic sclerosis patients without interstitial lung disease (0.10 ± 0.01 and 17.47 ± 8.57), with p = 0.408 and 0.258, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic curve for SSc prediction with Sirtuin3 has an accuracy of 83.0%, sensitivity of 85.4%, and specificity of 80.0% and p < 0.001. Regarding Sirtuin7, it has an accuracy of 89.5%, sensitivity of 85.4%, and specificity of 93.3% and p < 0.001.

Conclusion

Sirtuin3 and Sirtuin7 levels were found to have a significant positive correlation in SSc patients. Sirtuin3 and Sirtuin7 levels are both good diagnostic biomarkers for detecting and diagnosing SSc, with Sirtuin7 being more accurate, specific, and predictive of the disease than Sirtuin3. Sirtuin7 is thought to be a new biomarker for SSc disease.
Relapsing polychondritis associated with pustular psoriasis successfully treated with secukinumab: a case-based review
Authors: Song Qicheng , Wang Zhankui
Published: July 2024

Rationale

Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is an immune-mediated systemic inflammatory disease involving cartilage and proteoglycan-rich tissues. Pustular psoriasis (PP) is a psoriasis subtype characterized by skin erythema and sterile pustules. In previous studies, there were few reports on patients with RP combined with psoriasis, and treatment strategies are not standardized.

Patient concerns

An 80-year-old Chinese woman with a 7-year history of atrial fibrillation, a 1-year history of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, and no familial history, had a 2-month history of skin rash, erythema, swelling and pain in both hands, swollen bilateral auricles, and fingertip gangrene.

Diagnosis

Based on the diagnostic criteria for generalized pustular psoriasis proposed by Fujita et al. in 2018 and RP proposed by McAdam et al. in 1975, we diagnosed RP with PP as the predominant manifestation.

Interventions

We started therapy with subcutaneous secukinumab 150 mg weekly for the first month, then 150 mg monthly thereafter.

Outcomes

After 2 weeks of secukinumab administration, the patient showed significant remission of pustular skin lesions, with almost no joint pain, swollen bilateral auricles, and no adverse reaction.

Conclusions

Pustular lesions secondary to RP-associated gangrene and swollen auricles were observed, demonstrating a potential immune correlation between RP and psoriasis in some patients. Although data related to the use of secukinumab for RP and PP is very limited due to the rarity of the two conditions presented together, secukinumab provides a novel therapeutic option. Further prospective studies are needed to support our findings.
Introduction to this special section: General submissions
Authors: Brown Steve , Weiss Chester W.
Published: July 2024

Readers familiar with The Leading Edge will notice that the current issue strays from the norm. Since the late 1990s, with but a handful of exceptions, each issue of TLE has featured a special section of technical papers grouped around a specific theme, technology, or geographic region. These special section topics are determined after thoughtful — often lengthy — discussion by an editorial board composed of experts from industry, academia, national laboratories, and elsewhere within the field of applied geophysics. The topics are scheduled each year in a published editorial calendar, giving authors ample time to collect research and publish their results. For the reader, it is hoped that these special sections will provide a deeper dive into a topic than what would be possible in a single article on the subject.
Examination of irAE and treatment discontinuation irAE in patients with RCC with T effector phenotype.
Authors: Fahey Catherine , Reddy Anupama , Ancell Kristin Kathleen , Schaffer Kerry Roe , Rini Brian I. , Beckermann Katy
Published: July 2024

4549

Background: The standard of care for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is physician-choice of dual immunotherapy with ipilimumab/nivolumab (IO/IO) or a combination a VEGF inhibitor with immunotherapy (VEGF/IO). The IMmotion 151 trial identified gene expression signatures that differentiate likelihood of response to IO/IO (cluster 4 and 5 – T effector) versus VEGF/IO (cluster 1 and 2 - Angiogenic). Given that the T effector RNA-seq signature consists of higher expression of genes associated with inflammation, we hypothesized that patients with the T effector phenotype would have higher rates of immune-related adverse events (irAE) on IO-based therapy. Methods: Patients with metastatic RCC treated with systemic IO-based therapy had RNA sequencing completed on the primary tumor or metastatic site. Charts of patients who had a T effector RNA-seq signature were manually curated to identify development of irAE by reading the most recent clinic note and searching ‘steroids’, ‘irAE’, ‘rash’, ‘thyroid’. Hits from searches were investigated by manual chart review. Results: 118 patients underwent RNA sequencing and 105 passed quality control. Nineteen patients (18%) were assigned the T effector phenotype. Of the 17 metastatic patients, twelve of these patients received at least one dose of IO/IO in the first or second line of therapy, five were treated with VEGF/IO Among patients treated with IO/IO, 8 developed any grade irAE (66%; 41% grade 3+), 5 (41%) required steroid treatment, 5 (41%) required hospitalization, and 4 (33%) discontinued treatment due to irAE. Grade 3 toxicities in this group included colitis, adrenal insufficiency, and hypophysitis. Of the 5 patients treated with VEGF/IO, 3 developed any grade irAE (60%; 20% grade 3+), none were treated with steroids, and none were hospitalized. The grade 3 toxicity in this group was adrenal insufficiency. Conclusions: Patients with a T effector RNA-seq signature had higher rates ofirAE than historic controls when treated with IO/IO leading to high rates of steroid use and treatment discontinuation. VEGF/IO-treated patients with the T effector RNA-seq signature had similar rates of irAE to historic controls. The ongoing OPTIC clinical will expand on these results by studying treatment assignment in a prospective manner.
Association of ephrinB2 (B2) expression on overall survival (OS) and resistance to PD1/L1 inhibitors (inh) in metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC).
Authors: Sadeghi Sarmad , Mar Nataliya , Tsao-Wei Denice , Ashouri Karam , Siddiqi Imran , Cogan Jon P , Jackovich Alexandra , Freeman Dory , O'Toole Jillian , Flaig Thomas W. , gill parkash S. , Rezazadeh Arash , Sonpavde Guru P. , Bellmunt Joaquim
Published: July 2024

4577

Background: B2 is a ligand for EphB4 (B4) which enhances tumor invasion, proliferation, survival and promotes angiogenesis. TCGA data (N= 409) bladder cancer patients (pts) showed B2 high expression (34%) had poor OS vs. low expression (66%) (Hazard Ratio- HR- 0.7 p=0.02). Our phase II trial of sEphB4-HSA, a B2 inhibitor, combined with pembrolizumab in pre-treated mUC (N=70) showed an objective response rate (ORR) of 37%. Pts with high B2 had 52% ORR with 24% complete response (CR) (JCO PMID 35984996). This retrospective study examined the OS and ORR to PD1/L1 inh in pts with mUC and its correlation with B2 expression. Methods: Pts with mUC who received PD1/L1 inh were eligible if they had radiographic response data and tumor tissue for B2 testing. Demographics and disease characteristics were abstracted. Radiographic was assessed using RECIST 1.1. Tumor specimens were analyzed for B2 expression using in-situ hybridization (ISH). Scores of 2-4 were marked High (Hi) and 0-1 Low (Lo). Descriptive statistics summarized the results. Cox Model, logrank and Fisher’s exact test were used for the association of B2 status with OS and ORR, respectively, using SAS 9.4. Results: 143 (N) pts from University of Southern California (USC, n = 49), Dana Farber (DFCI, n = 55), and University of California, Irvine (UCI, n = 39) were included. 101 pts were male (71%). Median age was 73. PD1/L1 inh included pembrolizumab (n = 111, 78%), atezolizumab (n = 25, 17%), nivolumab, avelumab, and durvalumab in 3%, 1%, and 1%, respectively. ORR defined as CR + partial response (PR) was 21% (95% CI 14%, 29%) (N = 136 evaluable). ORR was 12% vs 33% in B2 Hi vs Lo, p = 0.005. The median OS was 17.2 months (mo) (95% CI 13.5, 23.8) (N = 143). Median OS was 14.5 (95% CI 9.4, 21.0) mo vs 24.0 (95% CI 13.7, 60.8) mo for B2 Hi vs Lo, logrank p = 0.022 (HR 1.65 95% CI:1.07, 2.55 Wald p = 0.023). Conclusions: B2 Hi is associated with poor OS and poor ORR in PD1/L1 inh monotherapy treated mUC acting as a biomarker of disease outcome. These data suggest B2-B4 pathway to be a mechanism of resistance to PD1/L1 inh and a therapeutic target. [Table: see text]
Disparities in the Use of Preoperative Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging After Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Ginzberg Sara P. , Grady Connor B. , Fayanju Oluwadamilola M. , Edmonds Christine E.
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE

Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after breast cancer diagnosis is increasingly used to improve locoregional staging, particularly among women with dense breasts, extensive ductal carcinoma in situ, and lobular histology. The goals of this study were to (1) assess whether use of preoperative MRI varies by race and insurance type; and (2) determine whether preoperative MRI is associated with downstream surgical management.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We performed a retrospective cohort study of women with stage 0-III breast cancer who were treated with surgical resection within our academic health system (2016-2019). Patients were categorized by race and insurance type. The primary outcome was receipt of preoperative MRI. Secondary outcomes included surgery extent (lumpectomy
v
mastectomy) and receipt of a second operation.

RESULTS

A total of 1,410 women (27% Black, 73% White; 67% private insurance, 26% Medicare, 6% Medicaid) were included. Black patients were significantly less likely to undergo preoperative MRI than White patients (odds ratio [OR], 0.54 [95% CI, 0.38 to 0.76];
P
< .001). There was no association between insurance type and preoperative MRI (Medicare
v
private: OR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.52 to 1.15];
P
= .208; Medicaid
v
private: OR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.36 to 1.25];
P
= .210). White patients who underwent preoperative MRI were less likely to undergo lumpectomy versus those who did not (OR, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.37 to 0.76];
P
< .001). Likelihood of re-excision was lower for Black women who had undergone MRI versus those who had not (OR, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.20 to 0.93];
P
= .031).

CONCLUSION

Black patients were less likely than White patients to undergo preoperative MRI, yet Black women who underwent MRI were less likely to require re-excision. Standardizing preoperative MRI use may mitigate provider- and system-level biases and promote more equitable care.
North American Cancer Center Clinical Research Capacity and Benchmarking in the Postpandemic Era
Authors: Kasner Margaret , Fritsche Angela H. , Leong Man Chong , Cameron Kendra , Lee Carrie B. , Lin Tara L. , Lee Ji-Hyun , Brogan Frances , Kovak Matthew R. , Honeycutt Hailey , Shaw Kate , George Thomas J.
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE

Cancer center clinical trial offices (CCTOs) support trial development, activation, conduct, regulatory adherence, data integrity, and compliance. In 2018, the Association of American Cancer Institutes (AACI) Clinical Research Innovation (CRI) Steering Committee conducted and published survey results to benchmark North American CCTOs, including trial volume, accrual, full time equivalents (FTEs), and budget. The survey was readministered in 2023 to assess contemporary CCTO performance and capacity with results presented here.

METHODS

The 28 question 2023 survey was sent to directors of AACI's clinical member cancer centers. Survey participation was voluntary, no compensation was provided, and data requested covered operations during 2022. Definitions were consistent with National Cancer Institute (NCI) CCTO reporting requirements and AACI staff anonymously compiled results for descriptive statistical reporting.

RESULTS

The survey response rate was 61% (60/99). The median annual CCTO budget was $11.5 million (M) US dollars (USD) versus $8.2M USD in 2018. These budgets support a median of 150 FTEs versus 104 previously, and a median total of 384 versus 280 interventional treatment trials and a median of 479 versus 531 interventional treatment accruals. Sources of support for CCTO annual budgets were primarily from industry revenue (45.3%) or institutional support (31.7%). Nearly 60% of centers reported activating NCI-sponsored studies within 90 days but only 9% reported meeting a 90-day activation timeline for industry sponsored studies.

CONCLUSION

Contemporary benchmarks for CCTO operations through this survey demonstrate larger staff sizes, larger budgets, more trials supported, but fewer patients enrolled to interventional treatment trials in comparison with 2018. These data shine a critical light on the increasing complexity of cancer clinical trials, the importance of external funding sources, and necessary operational efficiency upgrades to provide cutting-edge cancer research and care.
Black Studies’ Beloved(s): or, afropess-i-missives
Authors: Ardan Dee (Dee) C.
Published: July 2024

This composition’s signal concern is the play of Black Studies’ Beloved(s): both the interplay between such Beloved(s) and what play follows from them. By Beloved(s), this essay means not only the varied figurations present in Toni Morrison’s seminal novel and the many meditations on Morrison’s Beloved within the field of Black Studies, but Black Studies’ own haints—how these Beloved(s) bear and shape the langues that Black Studies uses to enunciate both black study and politics. Over the decades since its initial institutionalizations within the academic marketplace, Black Studies has born many such haints in the process of excising the monstrous holdovers of its extra-academic origins and interventions seen as intrusions on Black Studies’ crystallizing institutional forms. On the occasion of Hortense Spillers’s recent remarks about afropessimism and celebrations of Spillers’s work, including that of Spillers’s psychoanalytics, this composition lingers with haints, jamming in a shared site of excision: the break between psychoanalysis and Black Studies.
Instrumenty unijnego wsparcia sektora kultury i sektora kreatywnego w okresie kryzysu migracyjnego (2015-2018) i pandemicznego (2020-2021)
Authors: Gierat-Bieroń Bożena
Published: July 2024

INSTRUMENTS FOR EU SUPPORT TO THE CULTURAL AND CREATIVE SECTOR DURING THE MIGRATION (2015-2018) AND PANDEMIC (2020-2021) CRISES
The migration and pandemic crises affected cultural and creative industries (CCIs) across Europe. The EU institutions reacted relatively quickly to the changes in the political landscape as a result of the waves of migration and to the need to assist cultural institutions and artists in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic. The Union has proposed methods of support for artists and the arts that are supplementary to Member States. It is these EU cultural methods and instruments that are the subject of qualitative analysis, based on two research questions: 1). To what extent has the modification of instruments of support for the cultural and creative sectors (CCIs) had an impact on strengthening the European concept of intercultural dialogue? 2). Did the EU support instruments applied to the CCIs during the Covid-19 pandemic result in building the resilience of these areas? A qualitative analysis will be made of the European Union’s documents, reports and commissioned studies. The main research hypothesis of the analyses is: European crises contributed to the reconstruction of some of the substantive assumptions of programs dedicated to culture and creative industries, resulting in the widening of the field of influence of culture on other EU policies, reinforcing the principle of intersectorality.
Ruas de Lazer em Pelotas: Modelo lógico e descrição dos processos de planejamento e execução
Authors: Guimarães Italo Fontoura , Botelho Vivian Hernandez , Ferreira Gustavo Dias , Huckembeck Caroline Malue , Dias Raquel Silveira Rita , Figueira Fernanda Hernandes , Pinheiro Eraldo dos Santos , Nogueira Ana Carolina Oliveira , Santos Eleonora Campos da Motta , Weege Matheus de Lima , Crochemore-Silva Inácio
Published: July 2024

O objetivo do estudo foi desenvolver o modelo lógico do projeto Ruas de Lazer na cidade de Pelotas em 2022, assim como descrever os processos de planejamento, pactuação e execução. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, que utilizou a técnica de observação participante e o emprego de modelo lógico. O projeto possui características de gestão compartilhada que demarcam potencial relevante na criação de vínculo entre universidade, gestão pública e população local. Em 2022, sete eventos foram realizados com proposição de atividades culturais com música e dança, atividades físicas e esportivas e de educação em saúde. O projeto está em permanente construção e evolução, apostando na ampliação de investimentos para atingir os objetivos imediatos de oferta de atividades de lazer e de ampliação da democratização de acesso aos espaços públicos para o uso da população.
Acute pancreatitis after EGD: case presentation and literature review of this rare post-procedure complication
Authors: Gaddameedi Sai Rakshith , Rathod Malay , Ravilla Jayasree , Chinchwadkar Ojas , Vangala Anoohya , Terrany Ben , Du Doantrang
Published: July 2024

Background: Acute pancreatitis is a common cause of hospitalisation characterised by inflammation of the pancreas. While mechanical, toxic and iatrogenic factors typically cause it, post-oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) pancreatitis is extremely rare. This report examines a case of acute pancreatitis following EGD, aiming to highlight this rare but significant complication. Case description: A 46-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer, anxiety, vitamin D deficiency and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease underwent an EGD, which revealed and led to the removal of duodenal polyps. Six hours post-procedure, she presented with severe abdominal pain radiating to her back, accompanied by nausea. Laboratory results indicated elevated lipase levels, and a computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed acute pancreatitis. The patient was managed with aggressive fluid resuscitation, bowel rest and pain management, leading to an improvement in her condition and subsequent discharge. We believe that the pancreatitis was likely caused by the use of cautery during the endoscopic mucosal resection of duodenal polyps. Conclusion: This case underscores the need for clinicians to recognise acute pancreatitis as a potential complication of EGD, especially in the absence of other common risk factors.
Mediating Effect of Autonomy Support between Exercise Knowledge and Exercise Self-Efficacy of Patients with Severe Mental Illness
Authors: Park Jein , Kweon Young-Ran
Published: July 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to explore how autonomy support mediates the association between exercise knowledge and exercise self-efficacy in patients with severe mental illness.Methods: A total of 181 individuals were selected through convenience sampling. They completed self-administered surveys measuring exercise knowledge, autonomy support, and exercise self-efficacy. The data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression. To determine the statistical significance of the mediating effect, a bootstrapping test was also conducted.Results: This research revealed that autonomy support significantly predicted exercise self-efficacy and partially mediated the association between exercise knowledge and exercise self-efficacy (lower limit confidence interval [LLCI]: 2.34; upper limit confidence interval [ULCI]: 5.97). The model incorporating exercise knowledge and autonomy support explained 42.0% of the variance in exercise self-efficacy.Conclusion: Collaborative endeavors involving mental health practitioners and exercise experts demonstrate notable efficacy in enhancing exercise self-efficacy of individuals with mental illness.
The Experiences of the Life of A Mother with A Developmentally Disabled Child: Parse's Human Becoming Research Method
Authors: Kim Min Ji , Sung Kyung Mi
Published: July 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of mothers raising a child with developmental disabilities.Methods: The participants of this study were 9 mothers who had children with developmental disorders. Parse’s research method was used to analyze the experiences of these mothers.Results: The analysis revealed the following structure of their lived experiences: denial of the developmental disability diagnosis and the resulting pain from feelings of frustration, confusion, and guilt; a sense of hopelessness for the future and the emotional scars left by negative judgment; the pursuit of a happy future for their children; and finding new meaning in their children’s diagnoses.Conclusion: Despite the persistent pain and guilt experienced by these mothers, they can view their lives in a positive light by exploring the significance of their own experiences. These findings suggest that these mothers should recognize themselves as recipients of social support services and seek professional assistance in overcoming the various challenges associated with raising a child with developmental disabilities.
Impacts of Ethical Dilemma, Job Stress, and Burnout on Turnover Intention of Long-term Care Hospital Nurses
Authors: Kim Geun-Myun , Lee Ok-Kyun , Sim So-Hyeong
Published: July 2024

Purpose: To identify factors affecting turnover intention of long-term care hospital nurses.Methods: After receiving permission from nursing managers at 10 nursing hospitals with 100 to 500 beds in three cities in South Korea, nurses who agreed to participate in this study were recruited and a survey was conducted. Final participants included 172 long-term care hospital nurses. Data collection was conducted from January 2, 2024 to April 30, 2024. Questionnaires included job stress, ethical dilemma, burnout, and turnover intention. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis.Results: Ethical dilemma, job stress, burnout, and turnover intention of long-term care hospital nurses all had significant positive correlations. Age, position, job stress, and burnout were substantial in the turnover intention of long-term care hospital nurses.Conclusion: Findings of this study can be used as primary data for improving the quality of nursing in long-term care hospitals, promoting efficient human resource management, and establishing policies.
Platform Strategiarchy as a Tool for Reducing Information Asymmetry, Taking into Account the Scale, Cardinality and Order of the Strategy
Authors: Vyshnevskyi О. ,   Institute of Industrial Economics of the NAS of Ukraine
Published: July 2024

The purpose of study is to substantiate the conceptual foundations of reducing information asymmetry using platform strategiarchy taking into account scale, cardinality and order of the strategy. The scientific novelty obtained as a result of the research lies in the description of new scientific concepts: strategiarchy, platform strategiarchy, information asymmetry, scale of strategy, cardinality of strategy, order of strategy scale. The introduction of which allows us to form a scientific and theoretical basis for the further institutionalization of strategizing, which creates conditions for reducing information asymmetry in the process of developing the digital economy. In a broad sense, strategiarchy is a model of social structure aimed at increasing subjectivity in society and minimizing information asymmetry through the institutionalization of strategizing. Key characteristics of strategiarchy: 1. Every capable individual and legal entity has a public strategy. 2. Every capable individual and legal entity has the ability and opportunity to evaluate any strategy (of the other capable individual and legal entity). In a narrow sense, strategiarchy is a system for coordinating strategies at various levels of governance and management. In other words, strategiarchy is the result of ascent from the abstract (general theory of strategizing) to the concrete (digital platform for strategy consolidation). The implementation of strategiarchy using a digital platform is called platform strategiarchy. The introduction of the concepts “scale of strategy”, “cardinality of strategy”, “order of strategy scale” allows you to organize and compare strategies, including on the appropriate digital platform. The scale of strategy is equal to the product of influence and resource of the subject of strategy implementation. The quantitative assessment of the "resource" is determined by the number of employees of the organization. "Impact" is quantified through the number of customers or stakeholders. The cardinality of a strategy is defined as the square root of the scale of the strategy. The order of strategy cardinality is determined by the order of the number characterizing the cardinality of the strategy, i.e. the decimal logarithm of the power. The calculation of these characteristics is demonstrated on specific examples (United Nations, USA, Facebook, Kiev, Ilon Musk, Felix Arvid Ulf Kjellberg, Robinson Crusoe). As a result, placing strategies on digital platforms allows to reduce information asymmetry in various communications between companies, government and individuals.
Longfield commission sets out action to tackle youth violence
Authors: Hayes Derren
Published: July 2024

Derren Hayes speaks to Anne Longfield, former children's commissioner for England, about plans for a systemic approach to support vulnerable young people at risk of exploitation
Virtual reality reduces anxiety of children in the plaster room: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Poppelaars Maximilaan A. , van der Water Lisa , Koenraadt-van Oost Iris , Boele van Hensbroek Pieter , van Bergen Christiaan J. A.
Published: July 2024

Aims

Paediatric fractures are highly prevalent and are most often treated with plaster. The application and removal of plaster is often an anxiety-inducing experience for children. Decreasing the anxiety level may improve the patients’ satisfaction and the quality of healthcare. Virtual reality (VR) has proven to effectively distract children and reduce their anxiety in other clinical settings, and it seems to have a similar effect during plaster treatment. This study aims to further investigate the effect of VR on the anxiety level of children with fractures who undergo plaster removal or replacement in the plaster room.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 255 patients were included, aged five to 17 years, who needed plaster treatment for a fracture of the upper or lower limb. Randomization was stratified for age (five to 11 and 12 to 17 years). The intervention group was distracted with VR goggles and headphones during the plaster treatment, whereas the control group received standard care. As the primary outcome, the post-procedural level of anxiety was measured with the Child Fear Scale (CFS). Secondary outcomes included the children’s anxiety reduction (difference between CFS after and CFS before plaster procedure), numerical rating scale (NRS) pain, NRS satisfaction of the children and accompanying parents/guardians, and the children’s heart rates during the procedure. An independent-samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U test (depending on the data distribution) were used to analyze the data.

Results

The post-procedural CFS was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the intervention group (proportion of children with no anxiety = 78.6%) than in the control group (56.8%). The anxiety reduction, NRS pain and satisfaction scores, and heart rates showed no significant differences between the control group and the intervention group. Subanalyses showed an increased effect of VR on anxiety levels in young patients, females, upper limb fractures, and those who had had previous plaster treatment.

Conclusion

VR effectively reduces the anxiety levels of children in the plaster room, especially in young girls. No statistically significant effects were seen regarding pain, heart rate, or satisfaction scores.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(7):728–734.
Robotic arm-assisted conversion of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty to total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Mancino Fabio , Fontalis Andreas , Grandhi Tarani S. P. , Magan Ahmed , Plastow Ricci , Kayani Babar , Haddad Fares S.
Published: July 2024

Aims

Robotic arm-assisted surgery offers accurate and reproducible guidance in component positioning and assessment of soft-tissue tensioning during knee arthroplasty, but the feasibility and early outcomes when using this technology for revision surgery remain unknown. The objective of this study was to compare the outcomes of robotic arm-assisted revision of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) versus primary robotic arm-assisted TKA at short-term follow-up.

Methods

This prospective study included 16 patients undergoing robotic arm-assisted revision of UKA to TKA versus 35 matched patients receiving robotic arm-assisted primary TKA. In all study patients, the following data were recorded: operating time, polyethylene liner size, change in haemoglobin concentration (g/dl), length of inpatient stay, postoperative complications, and hip-knee-ankle (HKA) alignment. All procedures were performed using the principles of functional alignment. At most recent follow-up, range of motion (ROM), Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), and Oxford Knee Score (OKS) were collected. Mean follow-up time was 21 months (6 to 36).

Results

There were no differences between the two treatment groups with regard to mean change in haemoglobin concentration (p = 0.477), length of stay (LOS, p = 0.172), mean polyethylene thickness (p = 0.065), or postoperative complication rates (p = 0.295). At the most recent follow-up, the primary robotic arm-assisted TKA group had a statistically significantly improved OKS compared with the revision UKA to TKA group (44.6 (SD 2.7) vs 42.3 (SD 2.5); p = 0.004) but there was no difference in the overall ROM (p = 0.056) or FJS between the two treatment groups (86.1 (SD 9.6) vs 84.1 (4.9); p = 0.439).

Conclusion

Robotic arm-assisted revision of UKA to TKA was associated with comparable intraoperative blood loss, early postoperative rehabilitation, functional outcomes, and complications to primary robotic TKA at short-term follow-up. Robotic arm-assisted surgery offers a safe and reproducible technique for revising failed UKA to TKA.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(7):680–687.