bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody seroprevalence rates among Egyptian blood donors around the third wave: Cross‐sectional study
Authors: Eldesoukey Nermeen , Gaafar Taghrid , Enein Azza Aboul , Eyada Iman , Khirat Sahar , ElShahawy Asmaa , Diaa Nehal , Youssry Ilham
Published: May 2022

Background

Seroprevalence studies may provide a more representative situation of the disease burden and population‐level immunity in a country.

Aim

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) antibodies among asymptomatic blood donors attending the Cairo University blood bank services at various points in time around the third wave.

Methods

This cross‐section study included 3058 eligible blood donors, representing a demographically and socially heterogeneous healthy population and categorized as: Group 1, 954 donors in the period from March 20 to 30/2021; Group 2, 990 donors in the period from June 3 to 10/2021. These two groups were tested for IgG against SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid antigen (NC) to detect qualitative reactivity. Group 3, 1114 donors in the period from July 20 to 30/2021 were tested by the SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG II Quant assay for the quantitative detection of IgG antibodies, including neutralizing antibodies (antispike antibodies).

Results

Donors' age ranged between 18 and 59 (mean 33.9 ± 9) years. There was no significant correlation between seroprevalence and gender, area of residence, ABO or Rh blood types, and occupation or education. Antibody prevalence was found to be 13.2% in Group 1, 19.2% in Group 2 (overall 16.2%), and 66% in Group 3. There were only 49 included cases vaccinated against COVID‐19.

Conclusion

We concluded that the significant increasing trend in seroprevalence rates during the third wave, March, June, and July, in Egypt, reflects a high cumulative incidence of seroconversion that mirrored the epidemic curve in its rise, fall, and nadir.
Melting of nano‐enhanced phase change material in a cavity heated sinusoidal from below: Numerical study using lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Laouer Abdelghani , Al‐Farhany Khaled
Published: May 2022

Natural convection and melting of ice as a phase change material dispersed with copper nanoparticles are numerically investigated. Square cavity filled with nano‐mixture (Cu−ice) subjected to sinusoidal temperature distributions from the hot bottom boundary. The phase change process and heat transfer are formulated and solved using the enthalpy‐based lattice Boltzmann method. Home‐built numerical code is developed and validated. The effect of Rayleigh number (Ra = 104, 105, and 106) and copper nanoparticle concentration (ϕ = 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%) on the flow characteristics and thermal performance of NePCM during the melting process is examined. According to the numerical results, the melting and charging times decrease by increasing the Rayleigh number. It is also observed that increasing the volume fraction of nanoparticle decrease melting time by up to 10%.
Contributions of climatic and social factors to two water use efficiency indicators in the Yellow River
Authors: Fan Donglin , Wen Xiaojin , Cai Liping , Wang Hui , Wang Shanshan , Badarifu  , Gao Zhiyu
Published: May 2022

Tracing the spatiotemporal tendency and driving forces of water use efficiency (WUE) is of great significance for understanding the carbon‐water balance, especially in large river basins. The lack of differential comparisons regarding the tendencies and driving forces of WUE indicators between the upper and lower reaches of rivers often affects the collaborative allocation and utilization of water resources at the basin scale, especially social factors such as population and economy distributions. Using remote sensing data and hierarchical decomposition methods, we identified the spatiotemporal distribution of the WUE of ecosystems (WUEe) and the WUE of canopies (WUEc) in the Yellow River Basin from 2003 to 2017 as well as the contribution rates of climatic and social factors to WUEe and WUEc. Our results show that WUEe had a different distribution pattern than WUEc. An increase in WUEe was accompanied by a decrease in WUEc, and these changes varied among the upper, middle and lower reaches. WUEc was most negatively correlated with pressure (| r | = 0.65), while WUEe was most positively correlated with the precipitation rate (| r | = 0.68). The contribution rates of climatic factors to both WUEc and WUEe in the upper reaches were higher than 95%. The middle reaches were mainly driven by climatic factors, with contribution rates higher than 90%. In the lower reaches, the contribution rates of social factors to WUEe were higher than 30%. These differentiated contributions indicated the importance of considering social factors in the lower reaches than in the upper reaches when managing WUEe under the dominance of climatic factors on WUEc.
Risk of secondary nonhematologic malignancies after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: A nationwide case‐control cohort study
Authors: Park Sung‐Soo , Park Si‐Hyun , Han Seunghoon
Published: May 2022

Our study investigated the incidence of secondary nonhematologic malignancies in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT) and explored its risk compared to the general population. A population‐based case cohorts with adult patients who received allo‐SCT between January 2002 and December 2018 and a control cohort with matched general population were extracted from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Each case and control cohort included 5177 patients. With a median follow‐up of 2374 days for the case cohort and 2269 days for the control cohort, the 10‐year cumulative incidence rate of nonhematologic malignancy was significantly higher in the case cohort compared to the control cohort (4.23% vs 2.3%, hazard ratio [HR] 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32‐2.25, P < .001). The sub‐class analysis according to cancer‐site revealed significantly higher risks of 10‐year cumulative incidence for cancers of head, neck and esophagus (HR 3.19, 95% CI 1.34‐7.59, P = .003); cancers involving upper gastrointestinal tract (HR 3.74, 95% CI 1.58‐8.85, P < .001), colorectal cancer (HR 2.02, 95% CI 1.04‐3.91, P = .029), thyroid cancer (HR 2.09, 95% CI 1.1‐3.97, P = .012), gynecological cancer (HR 2.69, 95% CI 1.04‐6.96, P = .048) in the case cohort compared to the control cohort. No significant differences were detected for cancers involving lung, mediastinum and heart, breast cancer in female, cancers of the hepatobiliary and pancreatic system and cancers associated with urological system. These findings suggest the need for enhanced screening for nonhematologic malignancies in allo‐SCT recipients compared to the general population.
Dyadic parent–infant interaction patterns at 12 months: Exploring dyadic parent–infant gender compositions
Authors: Siqveland Torill Sundet , Fredriksen Eivor , Wentzel‐Larsen Tore , Smith Lars , Moe Vibeke
Published: May 2022

This study investigates differences in dyadic mother–infant and father–infant interaction patterns at infant age 12 months, and the relation between different parent–infant gender compositions and the dyadic interaction. Data were drawn from a large‐scale, population‐based Norwegian community sample comprising 671 mother–infant and 337 father–infant interactions. The Early Relational Health Screen (ERHS), a screening method for observing dyadic parent–infant interactions, was used to assess the parent–infant interactions. Scores on the ERHS were employed to investigate dyadic differences in the overall interaction scores, and dyadic interaction on seven sub‐dimensions between mother–infant and father–infant pairs. The relation between different parent–infant gender compositions and the dyadic interaction scores was also examined. As expected in a normative sample, most parent–infant interactions received scores in the upper rating levels. Differences between mother–infant and father–infant patterns were generally small, but mother–infant dyads tended to obtain slightly higher scores. The mother–infant dyads received higher scores on the dimensions of engagement and enjoyment, but no other significant differences between the parent–infant pairs were found for the remaining dimensions. We did not find evidence for a moderation effect of child gender. However, parent–daughter dyads received somewhat higher scores than the parent–son dyads.
Isolation of fucoxanthin chlorophyll protein complexes of the centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana associated with the xanthophyll cycle enzyme diadinoxanthin de‐epoxidase
Authors: Goss Reimund , Volke Daniela , Werner Lina Emilia , Kunz Ronja , Kansy Marcel , Hoffmann Ralf , Wilhelm Christian
Published: May 2022

In the present study, low concentrations of the very mild detergent n‐dodecyl‐α‐d‐maltoside in conjunction with sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation were used to prepare fucoxanthin chlorophyll protein (FCP) complexes of the centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. Two main FCP fractions were observed in the sucrose gradients, one in the upper part and one at high sucrose concentrations in the lower part of the gradient. The first fraction was dominated by the 18 kDa FCP protein band in SDS‐gels. Since this fraction also contained other protein bands, it was designated as fraction enriched in FCP‐A complex. The second fraction contained mainly the 21 kDa FCP band, which is typical for the FCP‐B complex. Determination of the lipid composition showed that both FCP fractions contained monogalactosyl diacylglycerol as the main lipid followed by the second galactolipid of the thylakoid membrane, namely digalactosyl diacylglycerol. The negatively charged lipids sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol and phosphatidyl glycerol were also present in both fractions in pronounced concentrations. With respect to the pigment composition, the fraction enriched in FCP‐A contained a higher amount of the xanthophyll cycle pigments diadinoxanthin (DD) and diatoxanthin (Dt), whereas the FCP‐B fraction was characterized by a lower ratio of xanthophyll cycle pigments to the light‐harvesting pigment fucoxanthin. Protein analysis by mass spectrometry revealed that in both FCP fractions the xanthophyll cycle enzyme diadinoxanthin de‐epoxidase (DDE) was present. In addition, the analysis showed an enrichment of DDE in the fraction enriched in FCP‐A but only a very low amount of DDE in the FCP‐B fraction. In‐vitro de‐epoxidation assays, employing the isolated FCP complexes, were characterized by an inefficient conversion of DD to Dt. However, in line with the heterogeneous DDE distribution, the fraction enriched in FCP‐A showed a more pronounced DD de‐epoxidation compared with the FCP‐B.
Actionable research for understanding and addressing homelessness
Authors: Pruitt Anna S. , Barile John P.
Published: May 2022

Homelessness results from an interaction of structural determinants and individual vulnerabilities, creating various pathways into homelessness and having multilevel impacts. Understanding and addressing homelessness requires research that not only takes an ecological perspective but also can be translated into action. Despite research demonstrating differing needs and experience among various subpopulations, particularly marginalized groups, homeless service systems often take a one‐size‐fits‐all approach. Additionally, homeless service systems’ prioritization of the most vulnerable and chronically homeless for permanent housing programs results in a service system that operates in a state of triage, with minimal attention to prevention efforts. This special issue highlights actionable research focused on preventing homelessness and addressing disparities among marginalized groups. Included articles target homelessness at multiple levels using a combination of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed‐methods approaches. Embedded in community psychology values, this study focuses on prevention, leverages participatory methods, relies on diverse lived experiences, and explores community‐based solutions.
Glutamate–aspartate transporter 1 attenuates oxygen–glucose deprivation‐induced injury by promoting glutamate metabolism in primary cortical neurons
Authors: Zhao Yun‐Zhi , Wei Jun , Song Ke‐Xin , Zhou Chen , Chai Zhen
Published: May 2022

Ischemic stroke is a common cerebral disease. However, the treatment for the disease is limited. Daurian ground squirrel (GS; Spermophilus dauricus), a hibernating mammalian species, is highly tolerant to ischemia. In the present study, GS neurons in a non‐hibernating state were found to be more resistant to oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD), an ischemic model in vitro. We leveraged the differences in the endurance capacity of GS and rats to investigate the mechanisms of resistance to ischemia in GS neurons. We first identified glutamate–aspartate transporter 1 (GLAST) as a cytoprotective factor that contributed to tolerance against OGD injury of GS neurons. The expression of GLAST in GS neurons was much higher than that in rat neurons. Overexpression of GLAST rescued viability in rat neurons, and GS neurons exhibited decreased viability following GLAST knockdown under OGD conditions. Mechanistically, more glutamate was transported into neurons after GLAST overexpression and served as substrates for ATP production. Furthermore, eukaryotic transcription initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 was downregulated by GLAST to rescue neuronal viability. Our findings not only revealed an important molecular mechanism underlying the survival of hibernating mammals but also suggested that neuronal GLAST may be a potential target for ischemic stroke therapy.
The association between peer‐victimisation and structural and functional brain outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Ke Tianyuan , De Simoni Sara , Barker Edward , Smith Patrick
Published: May 2022

Background

Peer adversity and aggression are common experiences in childhood and adolescence which lead to poor mental health outcomes. To date, there has been no review conducted on the neurobiological changes associated with relational peer‐victimisation, bullying and cyberbullying.

Methods

This systematic review assessed structural and functional brain changes associated with peer‐victimisation, bullying, and cyberbullying from 1 January 2000 to April 2021. A systematic search of Psychoinfo, Pubmed, and Scopus was performed independently by two reviewers using predefined criteria. Twenty‐six studies met the selection criteria and were considered for review.

Results

The data collected shows altered brain activation of regions implicated in processing reward, social pain, and affect; and heightened sensitivity and more widespread activation of brain regions during acute social exclusion, most notably in the amygdala, left parahippocampal gyrus, and fusiform gyrus, associated with victimisation exposure. In addition, victimised youths also demonstrated greater risk‐taking behaviours following acute social exclusion showing greater ventral striatum—inferior frontal gyrus coupling, activation in the bilateral amygdala, orbital frontal cortex (OFC), medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), temporoparietal junction (TPJ), medial posterior parietal cortex (MPPC) and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), suggesting greater social monitoring, seeking of inclusion, and more effortful cognitive control. The studies included participants from a very broad developmental age range, mostly using cross‐sectional measure of peer‐victimisation exposure, at varying developmental stages.

Conclusions

This review highlights the need for more neuroimaging studies in cyberbullying, as well as longitudinal studies across more diverse samples for investigating gender, age, and developmental interactions with peer‐victimising. This also brings to attention the importance of addressing bullying victimisation particularly in adolescence, given the evidence for social stress in heightening developmentally sensitive processes which are associated with depression, anxiety, and externalising symptoms.
Molecular mechanisms underlying ameliorative impact of melatonin against age‐dependent chronic arsenic toxicity in rats' brains
Authors: Abdollahzade Naseh , Mihanfar Ainaz , Majidinia Maryam
Published: May 2022

Accumulation of random molecular damage such as oxidative DNA damage and inflammation is extremely found to be involved in the aging process. Due to extreme energy requirements and high lipid levels, the brain is more susceptible to oxidative damage during aging especially under exposure to toxic elements such as arsenic. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the ameliorative effects of melatonin, as a neurohormone, on the arsenic‐induced behavioral abnormalities, and the underlying mechanisms. Forty‐eight rats, as young and old aged groups were exposed to 5.55 g/kg body weight arsenic for 4 weeks and then 10 mg/kg melatonin for 2 weeks. Our results showed that arsenic led to anxiety‐like behavioral abnormalities in rats. Increased oxidative stress‐induced damage to DNA, lipids and proteins, decreased potential of antioxidant defense system, induced apoptosis, elevated inflammation, and alteration in the histology of cortical region of brains are observed in the rats exposed to arsenic. These effects were more prominent in aged rats in comparison to young rats. Melatonin successfully attenuates arsenic induced adverse effects on the brain in both age groups. In conclusion, our study shows that melatonin has significant ameliorative impact on age‐dependent cytotoxicity of arsenic in rats' brains.
Testing mechanisms for weight support distribution during inverted quadrupedalism in primates
Authors: Dickinson Edwin , Young Melody W. , Granatosky Michael C.
Published: May 2022

A key characteristic of primate above‐branch arboreal locomotion is hindlimb‐biased weight support, subverting the typical mammalian condition in which the majority of the body weight is supported by the forelimb. This shift is thought to reflect an adaptation toward the arboreal niches exploited by early primates. However, above‐branch quadrupedalism represents only one locomotor mode employed by primates in arboreal contexts. Inverted quadrupedal gaits, in which primates are suspended beneath branches by their hands and feet, have been documented in more than 50 primate taxa. This gait is characterized by a return to forelimb‐biased weight distributions and a transition from peak vertical forces being greatest in the hindlimb to being greatest in the forelimb, which may occur to protect the hindlimb from high magnitudes of tensile loading when inverted. In this study, we compare kinetic and kinematic data during upright and inverted quadrupedalism in Lemur catta, Varecia variegata, Cebus capucinus, and Saimiri sciureus. These data are referenced against a classical inverted quadrupedal model: the two‐toed sloth (Choloepus didactylus). Our findings show that inverted quadrupedalism in primates is differentiated from above‐branch quadrupedalism by increases in forelimb weight support, forelimb contact times, and both forelimb and hindlimb joint excursions. Previously postulated biomechanical models outlining mechanisms relating to the control of weight support during upright walking do not translate well to inverted quadrupedal walking. We suggest that inverted primates may simply be adopting basal neuromuscular gait characteristics and applying them facultatively to this infrequent locomotor behavior.
Phytophthora cinnamomi causing root rot on Rhododendron lapponicum and control it using potential biocontrol agents
Authors: Liu Yinglong , He Pengbo , Munir Shahzad , He Pengfei , Wu Yixin , Asad Suhail , Tang Zaixiang , He Yueqiu
Published: May 2022

Rhododendron lapponicum (R. lapponicum) is a dwarf Rhododendron species, which is severely infected with root rot and wilt in Yunnan province, China. However, the causal agent causing these symptoms was unknown. An isolate, Pci‐1 was identified as Phytophthora cinnamomi, based on its morphology and the sequences of β‐tubulin, internal transcribed spacer, and Ypt1 genes and verified according to the Koch's postulate. We found that this pathogen could infect 14 species of plants, including Althaea rosea, Viburnum cylindricum, and Brassica napus. Strain Pci‐1 could cause R. lapponicum to wither and die; and it grows best in an oat medium with pH 7.0 − 8.0 and an optimum temperature of 27°C. We suggest that the rhizosphere of R. lapponicum treated with biocontrol strains Paenibacillus polymyxoides P2‐5 and Trichoderma asperellum Tv‐1 showed a significant inhibitory effect on pathogen Pci‐1. The inhibitory effect of 70% dimethomorph + cymoxanil was significantly higher with EC50 and EC90 values of 0.1894 and 0.3618 a.i. µg/ml, respectively. Greenhouse experiments revealed that the pathogen load is decreased in the presence of potential antagonists. This study provides fundamentals on risk assessment and theoretical support for the management of P. cinnamomi pathogen and contributes significantly to the planting of forest and horticultural crops in a disease‐free environment.
Genome sequencing and genomic analysis ofAmycolatopsis tucumanensisDSM 45259 applicable in gray, red, and nano‐biotechnology
Authors: Guerrero Daiana S. , Romero Cintia M. , Polti Marta A. , Dávila Costa José S.
Published: May 2022

Through the years, the genusAmycolatopsishas demonstrated its biotechnological potential. The need to clean up the environment and produce new antimicrobial molecules led to exploit promising bacterial genera such asAmycolatopsis. In this present work, we analyze the genome of the strainAmycolatopsis tucumanensisAB0 previously isolated from copper‐polluted sediments. Phylogenomic and comparative analysis with the closest phylogenetic neighbor was performed. Our analysis showed the genetic potential of the strain to deal with heavy metals such as copper and mitigate oxidative stress. In addition, the ability to produce copper oxide nanoparticles and the presence of genes potentially involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites suggest thatA. tucumanensismay find utility in gray, red, and nano‐biotechnology. To our knowledge, this is the first genomic analysis of anAmycolatopsisstrain with potential for different biotechnological fields.
A review of the phytochemical and pharmacological properties ofAmauroderma rugosum
Authors: Zheng Cheng‐Wen , Cheung Timothy Man‐Yau , Leung George Pak‐Heng
Published: May 2022

Amauroderma rugosum(AR) is a basidiomycete in the Ganodermataceae family that has been used traditionally to prevent epileptic attacks and constant crying in babies. However, AR has not been widely studied scientifically. In this review, we summarize the phytochemical components and pharmacological properties of AR that have been reported in the literature. Chemical analyses have revealed that the components of AR include sterols, flavonoids, fatty acids and esters, aromatic acids and esters, phenols, polysaccharides, and triterpenes. Pharmacological properties of AR include antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti‐cancer, anti‐hyperlipidemic, anti‐epileptic, and antibacterial effects. These findings suggest that AR and its bioactive ingredients have potential therapeutic applications, particularly for age‐related diseases.
Transoral Laser Microsurgery With Neck Dissection Versus Radiotherapy for T2N0 Supraglottic Cancer
Authors: Panuganti Bharat Akhanda , Voora Rohith , Coffey Charles , Orosco Ryan , Weissbrod Philip A. , Califano Joseph
Published: May 2022

Objectives

To compare overall survival outcomes associated with transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) with neck dissection versus definitive radiotherapy in the management of T2N0 supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods

Data were extracted from the National Cancer Database concerning patients with cT2N0M0 supraglottic cancer treated with either TLM and neck dissection with minimum lymph node yield of 10 or definitive radiotherapy. Predictors of overall survival were assessed via Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results

Seventy‐six cT2N0 supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma patients who underwent TLM with neck dissection (+/− adjuvant therapy) versus 991 patients who underwent radiotherapy. TLM was associated with an overall survival benefit (OR = 0.574; 95% CI 0.383–0.860) compared with radiotherapy. There was no difference in survival between TLM patients receiving adjuvant treatment and those receiving definitive radiotherapy.

Conclusions

An up‐front, TLM‐based surgical approach to cT2N0 supraglottic cancer may offer an overall survival benefit compared with definitive radiotherapy, and should receive more frequent consideration as a primary approach to this disease process.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:601–606, 2023
Study of two green phosphonium‐based ionic liquids lubricants for steel/steel contact
Authors: Zhu Lili , Dong Jun , Zeng Qunfeng , Chao Mianran , Li Weimin , Gong Kuiliang , Wang Xiaobo
Published: May 2022

This study aims at the characterisation of physicochemical properties and tribological behaviour of quaternary phosphonium based ionic liquids (QPILs) P44414Sac and P44414Ace at ambient temperature and elevated temperature. The kinematic viscosity, viscosity index (VI), thermal stability, corrosivity and tribological properties of the ionic liquids (ILs) were systematically investigated. The copper strip corrosion test results revealed that the two green ILs are non‐corrosive because of their halogen‐free characteristic. Tribological data demonstrated that the present ILs exhibited extremely superior friction‐reducing and anti‐wear properties to conventional IL lubricant 1‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (L‐P104), 1‐n‐Octyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (L‐P108) and commercially available synthetic oil PAO10. Electrical contact resistance (ECR) and surface analysis of the worn‐out steel disc surfaces revealed that the synergistic effect of a polarity induced physical adsorption layer and a tribo‐chemical reaction film formed a boundary film to protect steel‐steel contact between rubbing surfaces.
Free flap transfer with supermicrosurgical technique for soft tissue reconstruction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Escandón Joseph M. , Ciudad Pedro , Mayer Horacio F. , Pencek Megan , Mantilla‐Rivas Esperanza , Mohammad Arbab , Langstein Howard N. , Manrique Oscar J.
Published: May 2022

Background

Supermicrosurgery is a technique that allows microsurgeons to accomplish dissections and anastomoses of vessels and nerve fascicles with diameters of ≤0.8 mm. Considering the potential benefits of this technique and limited literature synthesizing the outcomes of supermicrosurgery, the aim of this study was to summarize the available evidence of reconstructive supermicrosurgery and to estimate the success rate.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search across PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science. We included patient‐based studies reporting on procedures for soft‐tissue reconstruction with free flaps specifying the use of supermicrosurgery. We excluded studies reporting on lymphatic surgery, solely peripheral nerve surgery, and tissue replantation. Our primary endpoint was to calculate the flap success rate. Pooled estimates were calculated using a random‐effects meta‐analytic model.

Results

Forty‐seven studies reporting outcomes of 698 flaps were included for qualitative synthesis. Overall, 15.75% of flaps were used for head and neck, 4.4% for breast and trunk, 9.3% for upper limb, and 69.2% for lower limb reconstruction. The most used flap was the superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap (41.5%). The overall flap success rate was 96.6% (95%CI 95.2%–98.1%). The cumulative rate of partial flap loss was 3.84% (95%CI 1.8%–5.9%). The overall vascular complication rate resulting in complete or partial flap loss was 5.93% (95%CI 3.5%–8.3%).

Conclusions

Supermicrosurgery displays a high success rate. Further studies are necessary to explore the true potential of supermicrosurgery. This technique reformulates the boundaries of reconstructive surgery due to its extensive application.
The clinical effectiveness and safety of intravenous unfractionated heparin following digital replantation and revascularization: A narrative systematic review
Authors: Deblois Simon , Zhu Linda , Mastropasqua Bruno , Thibaudeau Stephanie , Ziegler Daniela , Pomp Alfons
Published: May 2022

Background

Digital replants and revascularization (DRV) have been performed since the 1960s but there are no recognized standard peri‐operative anticoagulation practices. A narrative systematic review of the clinical effectiveness and safety of therapeutic peri‐operative unfractionated heparin following DRV was undertaken.

Methods

A review of the literature from 1985 to March 2022 was conducted using Medline, Embase, CINAHL and EBM reviews. Unfractionated heparin (UFH) use following DRV was compared to low‐molecular weight heparin, other anticoagulants or no anticoagulation. Randomized trials, observational studies as well as guidelines were selected and independently screened. The Revised Cochrane risk‐of‐bias (RoB 2) tool and ROBINS‐I were used to appraise risk of bias.

Results

While the search strategy identified 1490 references, only six studies met the inclusion criteria. Significant heterogeneity and the low methodological quality of the evidence precluded a meta‐analysis. Among the four studies that documented the surgical success rate associated with the use of a therapeutic dose of UFH post DRV, only two reported improved clinical outcomes. Evidence of a higher complication rate related to UFH use was found in four studies. Low quality evidence suggests that a therapeutic dose of unfractionated heparin leads to a higher risk of complications when compared with heparin given as an intermittent bolus of unfractionated heparin or subcutaneous heparin, or prostaglandin E1 or no heparin.

Conclusions

Current evidence suggests that IV UFH use following DRV has no significant impact on the success of the intervention. Heparin use may not be innocuous as some studies showed increased bleeding complications.
Dynamical analysis of fractional oscillator system with cosine excitation utilizing the average method
Authors: Xie Jiaquan , Wang Haijun , Chen Lei , Zhao Fuqiang
Published: May 2022

In this paper, an analytical and numerical algorithm for solving displacement response of fractional oscillator system with cosine excitation is established. The analytical method is to solve steady‐state response and transient response solutions of the system by means of average method and then the total displacement response solution is the sum of steady‐state solution and transient solution. The numerical method is to use the Grünwald–Letnikov definition of fractional derivatives to discretize the fractional differential term in the system and then to reduce the order of the original system. Then, the approximate response solution of the system under the general periodic excitation is obtained by using the Fourier series expansion method and the superposition principle of linear system. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the analytical technique are verified by numerical simulation, and the influence of fractional order, linear damping coefficient and fractional derivative coefficient on the amplitude of the steady‐state response and the total displacement response of the system is analyzed.
Bandwidth improvement of patch antenna and array with out‐of‐band rejection based on SISL platform for 5G applications
Authors: Aminu Sha'awanatu , Yan Ningning , Luo Yu , Ma Kaixue
Published: May 2022

A low‐profile patch antenna is designed for bandwidth enhancement based on a substrate‐integrated suspended line (SISL) platform using low‐cost FR‐4 substrates. Two identical slots are cut at the patch edges for antenna miniaturization and controlling the first resonance. To achieve the bandwidth enhancement and ensure the uniformity of radiation patterns of the proposed design, two pairs of symmetrical slots are etched out on a rectangular patch. Thus, the second resonance is introduced, leading to significant bandwidth enhancement from 5% to 10%. Besides, two radiation nulls are generated. Based on the proposed design above, the antenna array comprising two identical radiating elements for gain enhancement and out‐of‐band rejection improvement is proposed, which provides another method for further improving the filtering response. The antenna element operates from 4.69 to 5.17 GHz with a measured gain of 8.9 dBi at the broadside direction, while the array achieves a high gain of 11.3 dBi.
Water turbidity detection based on laser scattering‐Raman ratio method
Authors: Che Xiaohua , Huang Fang , Bi Zongjie , Liu Qingcao , Wang Ling , Cui Zihao , Tian Zhaoshuo
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we introduce a newly developed water turbidity detection system and present a novel turbidity retrieval method based on the laser scattering‐Raman ratio (LSRR). The detection system is based on laser spectroscopy technology, which delivers the laser light into the water sample and collects the scattering light, the Raman light, and the corresponding fluorescence through a Y‐type optical fiber. Experimental measurements on standard formazin solutions were carried out. The linear correlation coefficient between LSRR and the real turbidity values was up to 0.971. We propose two empirical formulas that can be employed to detect water turbidity with a wide range of practical applications. Our water turbidity detection system can be easily integrated into other detection systems due to its compact size, good environmental adaptability, and simple workflow; it shows a great potential for application prospects in the near further.
Simultaneous high‐resolution T2‐weighted imaging and quantitative T2 mapping at low magnetic field strengths using a multiple TE and multi‐orientation acquisition approach
Authors: Deoni Sean C. L. , O'Muircheartaigh Jonathan , Ljungberg Emil , Huentelman Mathew , Williams Steven C. R.
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Low magnetic field systems provide an important opportunity to expand MRI to new and diverse clinical and research study populations. However, a fundamental limitation of low field strength systems is the reduced SNR compared to 1.5 or 3T, necessitating compromises in spatial resolution and imaging time. Most often, images are acquired with anisotropic voxels with low through‐plane resolution, which provide acceptable image quality with reasonable scan times, but can impair visualization of subtle pathology.

Methods

Here, we describe a super‐resolution approach to reconstruct high‐resolution isotropic T2‐weighted images from a series of low‐resolution anisotropic images acquired in orthogonal orientations. Furthermore, acquiring each image with an incremented TE allows calculations of quantitative T2 images without time penalty.

Results

Our approach is demonstrated via phantom and in vivo human brain imaging, with simultaneous 1.5 × 1.5 × 1.5 mm3 T2‐weighted and quantitative T2 maps acquired using a clinically feasible approach that combines three acquisition that require approximately 4‐min each to collect. Calculated T2 values agree with reference multiple TE measures with intraclass correlation values of 0.96 and 0.85 in phantom and in vivo measures, respectively, in line with previously reported brain T2 values at 150 mT, 1.5T, and 3T.

Conclusion

Our multi‐orientation and multi‐TE approach is a time‐efficient method for high‐resolution T2‐weighted images for anatomical visualization with simultaneous quantitative T2 imaging for increased sensitivity to tissue microstructure and chemical composition.
Continuous administration of mirabegron has advantages in inhibition of central sensitization compared with short‐term treatment cessation in a mouse model of overactive bladder
Authors: Kwon Joonbeom , Lee Eun‐Ju , Park Hye‐Ri , Cho Hyun‐Jung , Jang Ji‐Ae , Yang Hyoungoh , An Jihyun , Park Donghwi , Kim Yeon‐Joo , Hur Kyung‐Jae , Kim Jae‐Soo , Yoshimura Naoki
Published: May 2022

Aims

There is no clear pathophysiologic evidence determining how long overactive bladder (OAB) medication should be continued. We, therefore, investigated the effect of mirabegron using cessation (CES) or continuation (CON) treatment in an OAB animal model.

Methods

Female C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (N = 8 each): Sham, OAB, CES, and CON groups. The OAB‐like condition was induced by three times weekly intravesical instillations of KCl mixture with hyaluronidase. After the last intravesical instillation for inducing OAB, mirabegron (2 mg/kg/day) was administered in CES and CON groups for 10 and 20 days, respectively. Final experiments were carried out on 20 days from the last intravesical instillation in all groups. After cystometry, mRNA levels of bladder muscarinic, β‐adrenergic, and P2X purinergic receptors were measured to investigate bladder efferent and afferent activity. In addition, mRNA levels of CCL2 and CCR2 in L6‐S1 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were measured to assess afferent sensitization. Immunofluorescent staining of CX3CR1, GFAP, and CCR2 in the L6 spinal cord was also conducted to investigate glial activation and central sensitization.

Results

OAB mice showed bladder overactivity evidenced by decreased intercontraction interval (3.56 ± 0.51 vs. 5.76 ± 0.95 min in sham mice), increased non‐voiding contractions (0.39 ± 0.11 vs. 0.13 ± 0.07/min in sham mice), and inefficient voiding (72.1 ± 8.6% vs. 87.1 ± 9.5% in sham mice). Increased M2, M3, β2, β3, P2X2, P2X3, P2X4, and P2X7 levels in the bladder and increased CCL2 and CCR2 in DRG indicate bladder efferent and afferent hyperexcitability. In addition, CX3CR1, GFAP, and CCR2 in the L6 spinal cord were upregulated in OAB mice. However, the CON group exhibited reduced β2, β3, P2X2, P2X3, P2X4, and P2X7 levels in the bladder, reduced CCL2 and CCR2 in DRG, which are markers of afferent hyperexcitability, and reduced immunoreactivities of CX3CR1, GFAP, and CCR2 in the L6 spinal cord, which are markers of the central sensitization. Moreover, the CON group showed better improvements in nonvoiding contractions (0.16 ± 0.09 vs. 0.44 ± 0.17/min) and voiding efficiency (93.9 ± 7.4% vs. 76.5 ± 13.1%) and reductions in bladder β3 receptors and CCL2 of L6‐S1 DRG, and immunoreactivities of CX3CR1 and GFAP in the L6 spinal cord compared to the CES group.

Conclusions

Continuous mirabegron treatment seems to prevent central sensitization and, thus, might be desirable for long‐term disease control of OAB.
Target your marketing practices to be in line with your community, showcase your alumni
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: May 2022

SAN DIEGO — Garth Headley understands the value of marketing to adult learners: he was one himself. “I am exactly who I market to,” Headley said, in a session on marketing online programs to adult learners at the annual meeting for the Council on Adult and Experiential Learning.
Feasibility of online behavioral clinical trials: The future of weight management randomized clinical trials?
Authors: Leahey Tricia M. , Pham Julie , Denmat Zeely , Jenkins Kyrstyn , Harris‐Starling Cheyenne , Gilder Carnisha , Gorin Amy A.
Published: May 2022

Objective

Behavioral weight management trials are traditionally conducted in‐person. The COVID‐19 shutdown halted in‐person operations, forcing investigators to develop new methods for remote treatment and assessment delivery without additional funding for website development or remote equipment. This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of remote procedures from an ongoing weight management trial impacted by COVID‐19.

Methods

Using a quasi‐experimental longitudinal design, in‐person (pre‐COVID) and remote (COVID) treatment and assessment procedures were used. Attendance at in‐person versus remote (videoconference) treatment sessions was compared. Acceptability of treatment modalities (in‐person vs. remote) was examined via self‐report. Validity and reliability were assessed on bathroom scales. Attendance at remote (videoconference + mailed, scales) versus in‐person assessment sessions was compared. Finally, exploratory analyses were conducted to determine whether participant characteristics moderated the effects.

Results

Remote treatment attendance was significantly better than in‐person. Overall, there was no significant difference in modality preference. However, Hispanic (vs. non‐Hispanic) individuals had greater preference for remote options and attended more remote treatment sessions. Bathroom scales demonstrated excellent validity and reliability. Adherence to remote and in‐person assessment sessions was similar.

Conclusions

COVID‐19 has provided an opportunity to rethink how we conduct research. Results herein establish an evidence‐base to support a paradigm shift to remote clinical trial procedures. Such a shift may enhance diversity in clinical trials.
Characterization of prickly pear short fiber and red onion peel biocarbon nanosheets toughened epoxy composites
Authors: Ramaswamy R. , Gurupranes S. V. , Kaliappan S. , Natrayan L. , Patil Pravin P.
Published: May 2022

In this research, the role of prickly pear short fiber and red onion peel wrinkled biocarbon nanosheets toughened epoxy resin composite was investigated. The main aim of this research was to find the effectiveness of adding biocarbon along with prickly pear fiber in the load‐bearing, thermal and electrical conductivity behavior of the epoxy resin composite. The biocarbon nanosheets were prepared for this present investigation from red onion peel waste using the pyrolysis process. The composites were characterized by American society of testing and materials (ASTM) standards and compared with previous results. The highest tensile strength and flexural strength were observed for 3 vol.% of biocarbon nanosheets up to 60% and 40% respectively than pure epoxy. Izod impact toughness and hardness values also increased with the inclusion of reinforcements by 5 vol.% around 93% and 90% correspondingly. Similarly, relative permittivity and dielectric loss enhanced about to 6.4 and 0.74 for 5 vol.% of biocarbon nanosheets. The thermal conductivity also improved with the addition of biocarbon nanosheets and maximum values up to 0.42 W/mK. This enhanced dielectric, mechanical, and thermally active composites might be employed as a microwave shielding material in electronic devices, automotive, and industrial applications for communications equipment that require shielding material with good mechanical properties.
Loneliness and sleep disturbance among first‐year college students: The sequential mediating effect of attachment anxiety and mobile social media dependence
Authors: Luo Xiao , Hu Chunnan
Published: May 2022

Sleep issues impair students' health and success. This study constructed a sequential mediating model to examine whether attachment anxiety and mobile social media dependence mediated the relationship between loneliness and sleep disturbance. A total of 487 university freshmen (42.09% females, 57.91% males; mean age = 18.19 years) were enrolled in this study and completed self‐report measures of loneliness, sleep disturbance, attachment anxiety, and mobile social media dependence. (1) There were significant positive correlations between loneliness and sleep disturbance. (2) College students' sleep disturbance was affected by loneliness partly through three different pathways: the mediating effect of attachment anxiety, the mediating effect of mobile social media dependence, and the sequential mediating effect of attachment anxiety and mobile social media dependence. Loneliness could positively predict sleep disturbance and attachment anxiety and mobile social media dependence played important mediating roles in this relationship. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the factors for sleep disturbance.
A mixed‐method study examining solutions to common barriers to teachers' adoption of evidence‐based classroom practices
Authors: Merle James L. , Larson Madeline F. , Cook Clayton R. , Brewer Stephanie K. , Hamlin Corinne , Duong Mylien , McGinnis Jenna L. , Thayer Andrew J. , Gaias Larissa M. , Lyon Aaron R.
Published: May 2022

We conducted a mixed‐method focus group study to (a) assess the appropriateness and likely effectiveness of strategies that target individual behavior change mechanisms associated with perceived barriers of lack of time and unsupportive leadership and (b) identify recommendations regarding strategies for overcoming the barriers. Sample included 39 school‐based staff (80% female, 77% White) across two districts in the Midwest. Mixed methods included a simultaneous approach. Lack of time and unsupportive leadership continue to pervade school‐based implementation efforts. Recommendations centered around the need for school leaders to give teachers the power to re‐prioritize how they spend their time as well as providing protected, facilitated time for teachers to collaborate and learn practical skills targeting self‐advocacy. Our findings provide compelling evidence for the use of implementation methodology to strategically target mechanisms of individual behavior change during the process of incorporating new and innovative practices in schools.
Nonthermal plasma‐generated ozone inhibits human coronavirus 229E infectivity on glass surface
Authors: Bhartiya Pradeep , Lim Jun S. , Kaushik Neha , Shaik Abdul M. , Shin Young O. , Kaushik Nagendra K. , Choi Eun H.
Published: May 2022

Ozone has been used for surface disinfection to contain bacterial, fungal, mold, and certain viral infections; however, the use of ozone generated from nonthermal plasma devices have not been thoroughly investigated for surface disinfection. Here, we aimed to determine the impact of nonthermal plasma‐generated ozone (PGO) on the coronavirus. Human coronavirus 229E was exposed to PGO and its infectivity was evaluated. PGO exposure of approximately 7 ppm reduced the viral titer after 4 h. Our results indicate that PGO exposure not only reduces the expression of the viral nucleocapsid gene and spike glycoprotein levels but may also stimulate the expression of the antiviral response gene in host cells. These findings can thus be useful to support existing surface disinfection methods.
Assessment of planning target volume margins in 1.5 T magnetic resonance‐guided stereotactic body radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer
Authors: Yang Bin , Yuan Jing , Poon Darren M.C. , Geng Hui , Lam Wai Wang , Cheung Kin Yin , Yu Siu Ki
Published: May 2022

Objective

We aimed to determine the planning target volume margins applicable to magnetic resonance‐guided stereotactic body radiation therapy (MRgSBRT) of localized prostate cancer on a 1.5 T MR‐Linac.

Methods

A total of 10 patients with low‐ to intermediate‐risk prostate cancer were retrospectively enrolled. All patients received five‐fraction MRgSBRT treatments, and underwent daily endorectal ballooning and bladder control. Five patients were implanted with the hydrogel rectal spacer. Three MR scans at each fraction were acquired to evaluate the intrafractional prostate motion. The required planning target volume margin was determined using the van Herk margin recipe based on direct MR‐MR prostate registration. The set‐up margin for localization using bony anatomy was also estimated.

Results

The mean and standard deviation of translational displacement in left‐right (LR), superior‐inferior (SI), and anterior‐posterior (AP) directions were –0.3 ± 0.7, 2.0 ± 1.5, and 1.4 ± 1.1 mm, respectively. Planning target volume margins over the MRgSBRT fraction duration were 2.8 (LR), 5.3 (SI), and 3.9 mm (AP). Set‐up margins were estimated to 2.6 (LR), 3.3 (SI), and 3.3 mm (AP). Prostate motion increased considerably with treatment duration. Adapt‐to‐position had smaller intrafractional motions than adapt‐to‐shape. The rectal spacer insignificantly (p > 0.1) reduced the prostate motion in SI and AP.

Conclusion

Online workflow efficiency enhancement and intrafractional motion monitoring are vital for planning target volume margin reduction and precision enhancement in MRgSBRT.