bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
 The Scale Invariant Vacuum Paradigm: Main Results and Current Progress
Authors: Gueorguiev Vesselin , Maeder Andre
Published: February 2022

We present a summary of the main results within the Scale Invariant Vacuum (SIV) paradigm as related to the Weyl Integrable Geometry. After a brief review of the mathematical framework, we will highlight the main results related to inflation within the SIV [9], the growth of the density fluctuations [8], and the application of the SIV to scale-invariant dynamics of Galaxies, MOND, Dark Matter, and the Dwarf Spheroidals [7]. The connection of the weak-field SIV results to the un-proper time parametrization within the reparametrization paradigm is also discussed [14].
Bayesian Smoothing Splines
Authors: Venter Gary
Published: February 2022

Fitting parameters on spline curves produces more parsimonious models, maintaining fit quality. Smoothing the splines reduces predictive variance. Individual splines are often fit by type of variable, e.g., in age-period-cohort models. Linear and cubic splines are most common. Several smoothing criteria have been used for parameter curves, with cubic splines fit by constraining the integral of splines’ squared-second derivatives popular recently. Constraining the sum of squared second differences for linear splines is analogous. Generally the degree of smoothing is selected using cross-validation. Known spline dummy-variable matrices allow regression estimation of splines, with smoothing done via constrained regression. Smoothing criteria based on sums of squares or absolute values of parameters, as in ridge regression or LASSO, improves predictive accuracy and produces splines similar to smoothing by second-derivative constraints. Variables with very low t-statistics represent points where curve-shapes barely change. Eliminating those variables leaves knots concentrated where spline shapes change. A Bayesian version of this puts shrinkage priors on spline parameters. This yields realistic joint parameter distributions, avoids problems associated with using cross-validation for parameter estimation, and readily expands to non-linear modeling, such as interactions among variable types. Regularized regression and Bayesian spline methods are compared for two example datasets.
Analysis of Crossref Reports in Order to Improve the Quality of Metadata of Scientific Publications
Authors: Ermakov Alexey Viktorovitch
Published: February 2022

Issues related to improving the quality of metadata of scientific publications placed in the Crossref bibliographic database are considered. All information contained in metadata obtained from publishers of scientific publications is analyzed by Crossref and displayed in various reports. Analysis of these reports gives publishers an idea of the completeness and correctness of the bibliographic data presented. The quality of metadata directly or indirectly affects the number of views and links to a publication, respectively, on the ratings of scientific publications, authors and organizations.
The Role of Functional Programming in the Organization of Parallel Computing
Authors: Gorodnyaya Lidia Vasiljevna
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the results of the analysis of modern trends in the field of functional programming, considered as a methodology for solving problems of organizing parallel computing. The paradigm analysis of languages and functional programming systems is involved. Taking into account paradigmatic features is useful in predicting the course of application processes of programs, as well as in planning their study and development. Functional programming helps to improve the performance of programs by preparing their prototypes in advance. The description of the semantic and pragmatic principles of functional programming and the consequences of these principles is given. The complexity of creating programs for solving new problems is noted. The role of the paradigmatic decomposition of programs in the technology of developing long-lived programs is noted. The perspective of functional programming as a universal technique for solving complex problems, burdened with difficult to verify and poorly compatible requirements, is especially emphasized. Paradigm analysis of programming languages and systems allows to reduce the complexity of the problems being solved by methods of decomposition of programs into autonomously developed components and prototypes, which also reduces the labor costs of developing programs. A variety of paradigmatic characteristics inherent in the preparation and debugging of parallel computing programs is shown.
The Problem of Selecting a Reference Group for the Thematic Rating of Scientific Journals
Authors: Polilova Tatyana Alekseevna , Gorbunov-Possadov Mikhail Mikhailovich
Published: February 2022

The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) together with the Electronic Library eLibrary.ru has proposed an Academic rating of scientific journals from a limited collection, which includes about 700 journals. Using the example of a rating of journals compiled by the impact factor in the thematic section “Mathematics”, the methodological errors made in the selection of the reference group of journals are shown. It is concluded that the Academic rating has significant distortions associated with the thematic heterogeneity (multidisciplinary) of journals in reference groups formed on the basis of the existing classifier. The rating indicators are influenced by articles that are not related to the topic of the rating. We believe that an alternative technology for forming reference groups “from the bottom up” is a more reliable basis for thematic ratings. The bottom-up technology reveals the thematic proximity of journal articles based on the analysis of their bibliographic references, launching the clustering process. The thematic proximity of journals can be expressed in numerical form and further serve as the basis for the formation of reference groups for the thematic rating. A carefully constructed reference group is the key to the adequacy of the thematic rating of journals.
FASHION FORECASTER SEBAGAI PENENTU TREND
Authors: Nurbaeti Santika Asri , Lutfia Zahra Eneng , Suliyanthini Dewi
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine the competence of fashion forecasters as trend determinants with a sub focus on the concept of fashion forecasters and fashion forecaster analysis models. The method in this study uses a descriptive research method with a qualitative approach, the research instrument is the result of interviews with 5 sources consisting of lecturers and the Indonesia Trend Forecast team. The result of this research is that a fashion forecaster is someone who observes people's mindsets whose job descriptions carry out research and analysis that will be used by all groups as a trend reference. The analytical model used includes components such as economic, social, cultural, political and others. The process begins with a survey of data collection with experts, research, concept selection, translation and application.
The Use of Megaprostheses in Nononcologic Lower-Extremity Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Siddiqi Ahmed , Mahmoud Yusuf , Manrique Jorge , Molloy Robert M. , Krebs Viktor E. , Piuzzi Nicolas S.
Published: February 2022

» As the number of primary total joint arthroplasty (TJA) procedures continues to rise, megaprostheses have found an emerging role in more complex revision arthroplasty cases that require additional reconstruction, stability, and restoration of function.

» Megaprosthesis options have evolved: in addition to cemented prostheses, cementless and even hybrid fixation designs optimize longevity. Proximal femoral replacement (PFR), distal femoral replacement (DFR), proximal tibial replacement (PTR), and total femoral replacement (TFR) are all limb salvage options in the setting of substantial bone loss, poor bone quality, and soft-tissue compromise.

» Dislocation is one of the most common complications after PFR, likely due to the loss of soft-tissue integrity, most notably the hip abductor musculature from the greater trochanter. The utilization of dual-mobility constructs, larger femoral heads, elevated acetabular liners, and constrained acetabular liners may reduce the risk of instability and improve overall hip function.

» Patients with megaprostheses may be more prone to periprosthetic joint infection and surgical site infection given multiple variables, such as the lengthy nature of the surgical procedure, prolonged wound exposure, extensive soft-tissue dissection and resection, poor soft-tissue coverage, and poorer host status.

» Despite advances in technology, complication and revision rates remain high after megaprosthesis reconstruction. Therefore, thorough attention to patient-specific factors must be considered for appropriate use of these constructs.
Unfulfilled Guarantees: Impacts of Law and Regulations Concerning Inter-Religious Relations on Religious Freedom in Indonesia
Authors: Yasin Yasin , Mantu Rahman
Published: February 2022

The condition of interfaith relations in Indonesia faces many challenges as intolerance increasingly occurs in various regions. The action can be seen from various violations of freedom of religion and belief, the prohibition of establishing houses of worship, and violence against minorities. One of the causes of these problems relates to the law and several regulations in interfaith relations in Indonesia. This article tries to look at the regulations and legal aspects of interfaith relations and their impact on the conditions of diversity in Indonesia. Using an empirical-legal approach, this article explores legal materials and phenomena related to the interfaith relation in Indonesia. This article reveals that the Constitution has been firmly guaranteeing and protecting all citizens from expressing their beliefs. Nevertheless, several cases show a contrary of the law objectives on interfaith relations in Indonesia. Moreover, in some particular cases, the state seemed to be absent in the locus of incident and favor of freedom violation victims instead.
DYNAMIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CAPITAL INFLOWS AND BANK LENDING: THE ROLE OF COMMODITY PRICE AND GLOBAL FINANCIAL MARKET SHOCKS
Authors: Satria Doni , Nachrowi Nachrowi Djalal , Falianty Telisa A. , Simorangkir Iskandar
Published: February 2022

This paper investigates the dynamic relationship between capital inflows and bank lending in Indonesia. We use a Structural Vector AutoRegression (SVAR) model that allows exogenous international commodity prices and global financial market fluctuations to influence capital inflows. We find that commodity price shocks are more important as compared to global financial shocks in explaining the variance of capital inflows in the long run. Furthermore, shocks from capital inflows lead to a change in bank lending allocation across economic sectors.
ACCESS TO CREDIT AND PHYSICAL CAPITAL STOCK: A STUDY OF NON-FARM HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA
Authors: Ojonta Obed I. , Ogbuabor Jonathan E.
Published: February 2022

This study investigated the influence of access to credit on the physical capital stock of non-farm household enterprises in Nigeria. The study used the binary logistic regression technique and Nigeria’s 2018-19 General Household Survey data (Wave 4). We find that the influence of access to credit on the physical capital stock of nonfarm household enterprises in Nigeria is positive and significant. This implies that access to credit enhances the capacity of these enterprises to procure physical capital stock. Our results also indicate that expenditure on raw materials, profit, and years of operations are other key drivers of physical capital stock accumulation. Consequently, we conclude that there is a need for policies to enhance access to credit by non-farm household enterprises in Nigeria to strengthen their operations on a sustainable basis.
WHAT DRIVES PERSISTENTLY HIGH INFLATIONARY PRESSURES IN VIETNAM? SOME EVIDENCE FROM THE NEW KEYNESIAN CURVE FRAMEWORK
Authors: Nghiem Xuan-Hoa , Narayan Seema Wati
Published: February 2022

In this study, we revisit the inflation process in Vietnam through the New Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC) model. We use monthly and quarterly data frequencies to track the forces driving inflationary pressures up to a quarter. Interest rate, an important determinant of inflation, is often found to give theoretically inconsistent result. Hence, we examine different interest rates, including, the central bank policy rate, lending interest rate and one-month interbank interest rates. Further, there is no unified approach to measuring the output gap – an important variable of the model - in the literature which may affect the results. Therefore, in this study, output gap is measured using two different approaches, namely, the linear trend model and the Hodrick-Prescott (HP) filter to see whether different measurement approaches matter for the signs and significance of this variable. Our key findings show that while the effects of interest rate vary by its type, measurement of output gap does not matter for the determination of inflation in Vietnam. What matters is whether the inflation model is quarterly or monthly. We explain the main determinants of inflation and provide some policy implications in the paper.
Uncertainty Evaluation Method and Application of Reservoir Lithofacies Proportion under the Condition of Few Wells
Authors: Li Shaohua , Du Chuan , Huang Daowu , Duan Dongping , Ding Fang , Yu Siyu , Huang Xin
Published: February 2022

The proportion of different lithofacies is essential to determine the net-gross ratio, which directly affects the calculation of oil and gas reserves. Under the condition of few wells, the reliability of different lithofacies proportions obtained using well data is poor because it is difficult to estimate the uncertainty variation range of different lithofacies proportions. The present study overcomes this problem using an uncertainty evaluation method for reservoir lithofacies proportion. First, different lithofacies proportions of the reservoir are determined using the well and seismic data and are considered as the most likely estimated. Based on the lithofacies proportion, the lithofacies models of the study area are developed. Second, uniform and random methods are applied to sample the lithofacies models, and then, the probability distribution functions of different lithofacies proportions are derived. Third, the three levels of lithofacies proportions in the study area are calculated using the method of quantile and discretization of the probability distribution. Finally, we take M gas field as a sample and compare the test results of the fixed and random well structures. The results show that the sampling results of the fixed well structure model significantly deviate under the influence of the extension direction of the channel and well pattern distribution. Therefore, it is suggested to use random well structure to determine the uncertainty distribution range of lithofacies proportion.
Quantitative Threshold of Energy Fractal Dimension for Immediate Rock Burst Warning in Deep Tunnel: A Case Study
Authors: Yu Yang , Feng Guang-liang , Xu Chang-jie , Chen Bing-rui , Geng Da-xin , Zhu Bi-tang
Published: February 2022

Rock bursts are a serious geological disaster occurring in deep underground engineering operations, which will cause casualties and economic loss. The quantitative threshold of energy fractal dimension for immediate rock burst warning in a deep tunnel was studied. The study was conducted based on the immediate rock burst cases in the deep tunnels of Jinping Hydropower Station, China. Firstly, a fractal dimension calculation method was proposed for deep linear tunnels associated with microseismic monitoring to explore the energy fractal dimension during the 37 immediate rock bursts and their development to events of different intensities (intense and moderate events). On this basis, a mechanism analysis was undertaken to assess the distribution range and evolution of the energy fractal dimension in the development of the immediate rock bursts. Then, the energy fractal dimension, as a quantitative threshold, was taken as a criterion for judging the rock burst risk. Furthermore, the corresponding warning index and dynamic control method were established. This index and method were applied in the subsequent construction process. The results can be used as a guide to establish a dynamic warning system based on the microseismicity monitored and provide a scientific basis for the prediction, warning, and risk-control standard of rock burst disasters during excavation of deep tunnels.
Prognostic Value of Textural Features Obtained from F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) in Patients with Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Undergoing Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Cho Hyun-Woong , Lee Eun Seong , Lee Jae Kwan , Eo Jae Seon , Kim Sungeun , Hong Jin Hwa
Published: February 2022

Background
To evaluate whether textural features obtained from F-18 FDG PET/CT offer clinical value that can predict the outcome of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).
Methods
We reviewed the records of 68 patients with stage IIB–IVA LACC who underwent PET/CT before CCRT. Conventional metabolic parameters, shape indices, and textural features of the primary tumor were measured on PET/CT. A Cox regression model was used to examine the effects of variables on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).
Results
PET/CT parameters were grouped into tertiles (low, middle, and high). In the high group, metabolic tumor volume [hazard ratio (HR), 18.94; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.27–145.01], shape volume (HR, 21.77; 95% CI, 2.85–166.17), shape compacity (HR, 10.53; 95% CI, 2.38–46.54), gray-level non-uniformity (GLNU) from grey-level run length matrix (GLRLM) (HR, 23.80; 95% CI, 3.13–181.31), and run-length non-uniformity from GLRLM (HR, 10.07; 95% CI, 2.28–44.48) were significant factors for poorer PFS. High coarseness from neighborhood grey-level different matrix (NGLDM) was associated with reduction of recurrence (HR, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.02–0.42).
Conclusion
Our results demonstrated that several features including textural indices on pretreatment PET/CT were strong prognostic factors for recurrence in patients with LACC receiving CCRT.
CircOAS3 regulates proliferation and psoriatic inflammation by interacting with Hsc70 via JNK/STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathways in keratinocytes
Authors: Yang Zhenxian , Yin Xiran , Chen Cheng , Huang Shan , Li Xueqing , Yan Jianjun , Sun Qing
Published: February 2022

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin with highly complex pathogenesis. CircRNAs play an important regulatory role in plenty of diseases as well as psoriasis. In this study, we identified that circOAS3 was significantly upregulated in both psoriatic tissues and M5-induced keratinocytes. Silencing circOAS3 in HaCaT and Ker-CT cells inhibited cell viability, promoted apoptosis, and blocked the cell cycle from G1 to S phase. RNA-pulldown and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) analysis identified the direct combination between circOAS3 and Heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70). Silencing circOAS3 negatively influences the Hsc70 in protein level rather than mRNA level. In mechanism, circOAS3 knockdown suppressed the activation of JNK/STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathways and blocked the nuclear accumulation of Hsc70 as well as phosphorylated STAT3/JNK/NF-κB as a result. Phenotypically, circOAS3 or Hsc70 silencing down-regulated the protein levels of IL-6 thus reducing psoriatic inflammation in vitro. In conclusion, interaction between circOAS3 and Hsc70 modulates the proliferation and psoriatic inflammation of HaCaT and Ker-CT cells through the JNK/STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathways, suggesting that circOAS3 or Hsc70 may be a promising therapeutic target for psoriasis.
Short Term Clinical Outcomes of Intracranial Pressure Monitor Placement in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Foote Christopher , Doan Xuan-Lan , Guice Jordan , Cruz Bianca , Vanier Cheryl , Betancourt Alejandro , Palacio Carlos
Published: February 2022

Background Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring has been recommended as a guiding tool for ICP treatment; however, data suggests invasive ICP monitoring had no better outcomes than those patients without it. We hypothesized that there is no difference in short term outcomes in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) who received invasive ICP monitoring compared to those who did not.Methods The trauma registry of a community Level II trauma center was queried from January 2015 to June 2020. Patients with severe TBI identified as Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ≤8 upon admission with an abnormal computed tomography (CT) scan, and those meeting Brain Injury Guideline (BIG) 3 (severe) were included. The data was analyzed in a logistic regression model to predict mortality, and a linear model to predict (log-transformed) hospital and ICU length of stay (LOS). Analyses were done in Rv4.0.2software.Results A total of 7,787 trauma patients were admitted during the study period, 592 were found to have GCS≤8 and of those, 118 met inclusion criteria. Forty-seven percent (n=55) received invasive ICP monitoring and 53 percent (n=63) did not. The majority (n=78, 66%) of patients were male. Median age was 35 for the ICP monitored group and 54 for the group with no ICP monitoring. The median GCS was 3 (IQR= 3,6) and the median ISS was 25 (IQR=17,26 or 27) for both groups. The ICU LOS was 5.3 days and hospital LOS 6.2 days longer for patients with ICP monitor compared to those without ICP monitor (p=0.001). The mortality rate of patients who received an ICP monitor was 19 in 55 (35%) compared to 27 of 63 (42%) for those who did not (p=0.84).Conclusions Patients with severe traumatic brain injury who received invasive ICP monitors had an increased ICU and hospital length of stay and no mortality difference when compared to those who did not. The use of an ICP monitor did not improve outcomes in this population of severe TBI patients, particularly for those who did not require neurosurgery.Level of Evidence: Level IV
Trajectories of Maternal Depressive Symptoms From Pregnancy to First Six Months Postpartum and Child Neurodevelopment at Eight Months
Authors: Li Xiuxiu , Liu Xuemei , Wei Min , Liu Xuhua , Shi Xiaojun , Zhu Yanna , Gao Rui
Published: February 2022

Background:Maternal depression was an increasing risk of child neurodevelopment difficulties. However, maternal depression was always chronic and recurrent, and few studies have explored the association between the severity and duration of maternal depression and child development. We aimed to explore the relationship between trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms from pregnancy to the first six months postpartum and child development at eight months.Methods:Data was collected from 988 mother-child pairs who participated in Shenzhen Birth Cohort Study. Maternal depressive symptoms were evaluated by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at four points: late pregnancy, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postpartum. Child emotional and behavioral developments were assessed by Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional (ASQ-SE) and Ages and Stages Questionnaires-Third Edition (ASQ-3) at 8 months postpartum. Latent profile class analysis (LPA) was used to identify the trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms. Univariate and multivariate linear regression were conducted to explore the association between the depressive symptoms trajectories and child development.Results:Four trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms were identified by LPA: low(n=605), subclinical(n=93), moderate-low and increasing(n=255) and persistent high (54). Multivariable regressions showed that children of mothers assigned to persistent high depressive symptoms were more likely to have low scores in ASQ-3 total, three ASQ-3 domains (fine, problem-solving, and personal-society motor) and ASQ-se. Children of mothers assigned to class2 were more likely to have lower scores in ASQ-3 total, two ASQ-3 domains (communication motor and gross motor) and ASQ-se, compared to children of mothers assigned to class1. Risk factors identified in the multi-model included low birth weight, sleep quality at late pregnancy, low education level, and breastfeeding at 3month.Conclusion:The impact of high levels of maternal depression symptoms on the increased risk of child developmental delay highlights the importance of early intervention and addressing maternal depression from pregnancy through early childhood. These findings draw attention to the need to move beyond a “depressed/not depressed” approach to screening for depression in the perinatal period.
Genotyping by sequencing reveals genetic relatedness and duplicates amongst local cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) landraces and improved genotypes in Kenya
Authors: Orek Charles , Kyallo Martina , Oluwaseyi Shorinola , Yao Nasser
Published: February 2022

Background: Future demand for cassava is expected to increase to mitigate climatic changes, sustain food security and provide raw materials for industry. To meet these demands, adoption of modern omics methods ensures reliability, precision and timely delivery of more productive and resilient varieties. Therefore the purpose of this study was to contribute towards accurate identification of cassava accessions from a mix of duplicate clones, diverse local landraces (LARs) and improved genotypes (IMGs) in farmer fields. This is vital for cassava breeding. Results: A total of 112 germplasms sampled through a field survey in major cassava growing regions of Kenya, were genotyped using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers generated through genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach. Of the 33672 SNPs, 88% were anchored onto chromosomes, 3% in scaffolds and 9% could not be mapped. LD pruning and identity by state matrix estimation revealed 5808 SNPs that were used for hierarchical clustering and ADMIXTURE analysis for ancestries. Considering a sub-population of 2 - 20, a 5-fold cross-validation procedure identified 14 subpopulations present in the population from which the population structure was modeled. Approximately 48% of the germplasms were classified into 17 independent clusters as identical clones or duplicates. The remaining 52% formed admixtures and hence unique or non-duplicated clones; reducing the total number of samples surveyed from 112 to 73. Of the duplicates, 10 clusters were formed from LARs, four from IMGs, and three from a mix of both LARs and IMGs. The major and minor clusters contained 8 and 2 accessions, respectively. About 71% of clusters contained accessions from the same geographical region while 29% had accessions from different regions. The results revealed genetic relationships amongst LARs and IMGs. Duplication of LARs was attributed to historical sharing or exchange of planting materials by farmers while duplicates of IMGs could be attributed to convergent evolution, selection, or sharing of common parentage. The high number of admixtures or unique clones implied minimal loss of genetic diversity. Geographical restriction of clusters adduced to the minimal movement of planting materials across the country, perhaps linked to either inefficient seed distribution system or disease-driven quarantine measures. Conclusions: GBS was successfully used to study the genetic relatedness of cassava genetic resources and variety identification in farmer fields. This omics approach and data herein generated could be adopted by breeders and other stakeholders in designing efficient and effective cassava improvement programs which might include the development of a core set of diagnostic markers for quality assurance, disease resistance, and targeted genomic profiling in cassava.
Exploring key genes and potential therapeutic and predictive targets between pyroptosis genes and adult extent of malignant glioma based on bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Yuan Zhengbo , Li Chenglong , Wang Qingbo , Wei Qi , Xiong Fengzhen , Li Zefu
Published: February 2022

Background: Adult glioma is the most common primary nervous system tumor, and there is a direct link between the grade of glioma and the prognosis of the patient. Furthermore,its treatment is still very challenging. Pyroptosis is another research direction that has made breakthroughs in recent years, and it has been confirmed that it plays an important role in a variety of tumors. We are currently focusing on analyzing the data and clinical data of a large number of pyroptosis genes, exploring the regulatory mechanism of tumor cell pyroptosis and the potential role of pyroptosis in cancer, in order to explore potential cancer diagnosis and treatment markers, for The pursuit of personalized or precise treatment provides new ideas and directions.Design: Bioinformatics analysis of GEO database,TCGA database and GSEA data.Methodology: Differential gene expression, Prognostic Network Construction, Construction of a prognostic model, Differential analysis of tumor microenvironment, immune cell expression, Tumor mutation burden correlation analysis, stem cell correlation analysis, drug sensitivity analysisConclusions: We have identified differential genes with high mutation frequencies in adult gliomas, as well as key genes associated with cell scorch and differentially expressed in different extent of malignant glioma, followed by theoretical validation and construction of prognostic models and assessment of high- and low-risk, and analysis of immune infiltration, tumor mutational load, tumor microenvironment, stem cell relevance, and drug sensitivity, revealing potential prognostic and predictive targets.
Floppy hydrated salt microcrystals
Authors: Shahidzadeh Noushine , Wijnhorst Rozeline , Demmenie Menno , Jambon-Puillet Etienne , Ariese Freek , Bonn Daniel
Published: February 2022

The crystalline structure of minerals due to the highly ordered assembly of its constituent atoms, ions or molecules confers a considerable hardness and brittleness to the materials. As a result, they are generally subject to fracture. Here we report that microcrystals of natural inorganic salt hydrates such as sodium sulfate decahydrate (Na2SO4 • 10H2O) and magnesium sulfate hexahydrate (MgSO4 • 6H2O) can behave remarkably differently: instead of having a defined faceted geometrical shape and being hard or brittle, they lose their facets and become soft and deformable when in contact with their saturated salt solution at their deliquescence point. As a result, the hydrated crystals simultaneously behaves as crystalline and liquid-like. We show that the observed elasticity is a consequence of a trade-off between the excess capillary energy introduced by the deformation from the equilibrium shape and viscous flow over the surface of the microcrystals. This surprising, unusual mechanical properties reported here reveals the role of the water molecules present in the crystalline structure. Although many compounds can incorporate water molecules in their crystalline frameworks, the relationship between the different hydrates and anhydrate crystal forms are still poorly investigated. Our results on the floppy behaviour of such crystalline structure reveals some unexplored properties of water molecules entrapped in the crystalline structure and can open novel routes for their application in various fields such as pharmaceutical sciences , thermal energy storage and even the traceability of water on Mars
The protective effect of Vitamin A Palmitate Eye Gel on ocular surface during general anesthesia surgery: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Li Siyuan , Lei Guiyu , Liu Ying , Tian Lei , Jie Ying , Wang Guyan
Published: February 2022

Background: General anesthesia was associated with tear production decreased, usually accompanied by ophthalmological complications, such as dry eye and corneal injuries. Patients suffering from such conditions developed symptoms such as conjunctival injection, eye pain, and tearing. Protective measures including taping eyelid closed and applying lubricating tears during general anesthesia have long been advocated to reduce the incidence of corneal abrasion. The study aimed to investigate the change of tear production associated with general anesthesia, and the protective effect of Vitamin A Palmitate Eye Gel on ocular surface during general anesthesia, including the subjective symptoms and objective signs. Methods: The study was designed as a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Each participant who was ready for non-ophthalmic general anesthesia surgery randomly received Vitamin A Palmitate Eye Gel and taping for one eye (Group A, n=60), and taping alone for the other eye (Group B, n=60) though random number table. Symptom assessment in dry eye (SANDE) score, tear film break-up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) score and Schirmer tear test I (STT-1) were assessed under hand-held slit lamp before anesthesia (T0), 0.5h postoperative (T1) and 24h postoperative (T2). Results: At 0.5h postoperative, both groups demonstrated increase in CFS score (P<0.05 in Group A and P<0.01 in Group B), and the participants in Group A showed numerically less corneal abrasion than that of in Group B. STT-1 observed in Group A was statistically increased (P<0.05), while that of in Group B was statistically decreased (P<0.001). The changes between two groups were statistically significant (P<0.001). At 24h postoperative, both CFS score and STT-1 almost returned to baseline level in two groups. SANDE score and TBUT showed little change at 0.5h and 24h postoperative in two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Vitamin A Palmitate Eye Gel were effective in ocular surface protection and aqueous supplementation during general anesthesia. Trial registration: The study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100052140). Registered 20 October,2021. http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=135706 Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN12345678., http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN12345678
Breast feeding practice in neonatal intensive care unit of Ibn Rochd teaching hospital in Casablanca
Authors: Sylla AK. , Lehlimi M. , Badre A. , Hajjaji S. , Lyazidi S. , Ameayou S. , Chemsi M. , Habzi A. , Benomar S. , Nani S. , Hassoune S.
Published: February 2022

Background: In Morocco the breast feeding (exclusive) prevalence has decreased from 51% in 1992 to 35% in 2018. This prevalence was lower in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with 12.4% in 2014. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and identify the associated factors of breastfeeding (BF) practice in NICU of Casablanca Ibn Rochd teaching hospital.Method:A cross sectional study was performed between 04 January and 26 June 2021 in NICU. We included Moroccan couples mother/newborn who can practice the BF presents during the study period. We used face to face interview using pretested questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to test association between breastfeeding (BF) practice and potential associated factors. Factors with p ≤ 0.05 were considered as associated factors of BF practice. Data were analyzed using R 3.6.3 Findings: We included 170 couple mother/newborn. Around 74% of mothers practiced partial breastfeeding. The mother factors associated with BF practice were: education level (OR=0,10; 95%CI : 0,01-0,87 ;p=0,037781), family monthly income (OR=4,3 ; 95%CI: 1,12-16 ,56 ; p=0,033606) and marital status (OR=14,3 ; 95%CI:1,37-148,43 ; p=0,025853). The newborns’ factors associated to BF practice were: hospital stay length (OR= 1,12 95%CI: 1,00-1,25 ; p=0,047726) and hospitalization motif (OR=0,27 ; 95%CI: 0,076-0,95 ; p=0,042085). And healthcare facility factors associated to BF practice was: healthcare staff support: (OR=6,7 ; 95%CI:2,2-20,54 ; p=0,000891) .Conclusion: The newborn hospitalized for respiratory distress from single mothers with lower education level and social standard who, don’t have enough (or any) support from healthcare staff are the ones who receive less breast milk in NICU of Casablanca Ibn Rochd teaching hospital.
Optical stimulation of inferior temporal cortex induces object-specific visual distortions.
Authors: Azadi Reza , Bohn Simon , Lopez Emily , Lafer-Sousa Rosa , Wang Karen , Eldridge Mark , Afraz Arash
Published: February 2022

To be able to effectively restore vision by direct cortical stimulation, we need to understand the perceptual events induced by stimulation of high-level visual cortices. We trained macaque monkeys to detect and report optogenetic impulses delivered to their inferior temporal cortices. In a series of experiments, we observed that detection of cortical stimulation highly depends on the choice of images presented to the eyes and that detection of cortical stimulation is most difficult when the animal fixates on a blank screen. We show that local stimulation of object selective parts of the visual cortex induce perceptual events that are easy to detect as object-dependent distortions of the concurrent contents of vision. These findings invite expanding the scope of visual prosthetics beyond the primary visual cortex.
In vitro assessment of real-time phase contrast MRI accuracy
Authors: LIU Pan , FALL Sidy , AHIATSI Maureen , BALEDENT Olivier
Published: February 2022

BackgroundConventional cine phase-contrast MRI (Conv-PC) is the gold standard for blood flow measurements but can only provide flow measurements for an averaged heartbeat cycle (using cardiac gating). In contrast to Conv-PC, phase-contrast echo-planar MRI (EPI-PC) can be used to quantify the blood flow rate in real-time – giving the technique great potential for clinical and research applications. The objectives of the present in vitro study were to compare the accuracy of EPI-PC and Conv-PC and to assess the influence of pixel size and velocity encoding on flow measurements obtained with the two sequences.MethodsFlow quantification was assessed using a pulsatile flow phantom. The flow rate curves were extracted with in-house post-processing software, and the flow curves from EPI-PC were reconstructed to give an average pulse cycle with 32 sampling points with the same waveform as that obtained with Conv-PC. Firstly, the accuracy of the EPI-PC was checked by comparing it with the flow rate in the calibrated phantom and the pulsation index from Conv-PC. Secondly, flow data from the two sequences were compared quantitatively as a function of the pixel size and the velocity encoding.ResultsThe mean percentage difference between the EPI-PC flow rate and calibrated phantom flow rate was -2.9 %, which was within the confidence interval. The pulsatility indices for EPI-PC and Conv-PC were respectively 0.64 and 0.59. In order to keep the flow rate measurement error within 10%, the ROI in Conv-PC had to contain at least 13 pixels, while the ROI in EPI-PC had to contain at least 9 pixels. Furthermore, Conv-PC had a higher velocity-to-noise ratio and could use a higher velocity encoding than EPI-PC (20cm/s and 15cm/s, respectively).ConclusionsThe result of an in vitro study confirmed the accuracy of EPI-PC. Furthermore, EPI-PC was found to be less sensitive than Conv-PC at a low spatial resolution but was more sensitive than Conv-PC to velocity encoding.
Element selection for functional materials discovery by integrated machine learning of atomic contributions to properties
Authors: Vasylenko Andrij , Antypov Dmytro , Gusev Vladimir , Gaultois Michael , Dyer Matthew , Rosseinsky Matthew
Published: February 2022

At the high level, the fundamental differences between materials originate from the unique nature of the constituent chemical elements. Before specific differences emerge according to the precise ratios of elements (composition) in a given crystal structure (phase), the material can be represented by its phase field defined simply as the set of the constituent chemical elements. Classification of the materials at the level of their phase fields can accelerate materials discovery by selecting the elemental combinations that are likely to produce desirable functional properties in synthetically accessible materials. Here, we demonstrate that classification of the materials’ phase field with respect to the maximum expected value of a target functional property can be combined with the ranking of the materials’ synthetic accessibility. This end-to-end machine learning approach (PhaseSelect) first derives the atomic characteristics from the compositional environments in all computationally and experimentally explored materials, and then employs these characteristics to classify the phase field by their merit. PhaseSelect can quantify the materials’ potential at the level of the periodic table, which we demonstrate with significant accuracy for three avenues of materials’ applications: high-temperature superconducting, high-temperature magnetic and targetted energy band gap materials.
Effectiveness of REGEN-COV Antibody Combination in Preventing Severe COVID-19 Outcomes
Authors: Hayek Samah , Ben-Shlomo Yatir , Dagan Noa , Reis Ben , Barda Noam , Kepten Eldad , Roitman Alina , Shapira Shachar , Yaron Shlomit , Balicer Ran , Netzer Doron , Peretz Alon
Published: February 2022

REGEN-COV, a combination of the monoclonal antibodies casirivimab and imdevimab, has been approved as a treatment for high-risk patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 within 5 days of their diagnosis. We used the data repositories of Israel’s largest healthcare organization to determine the real-world effectiveness of REGEN-COV treatment against COVID-19 related hospitalization, severe disease, and death. We compared patients infected with the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 and treated with REGEN-COV (n = 289) to those infected but untreated with REGEN-COV (n = 1,294). Patients were matched and further adjusted on demographic and clinical characteristics, with estimated treatment effectiveness defined as one minus the hazard ratio. Treatment effectiveness of REGEN-COV was 55.2% (95% CI: 21.5–74.5%) in preventing COVID-19 hospitalization, 59.4% (95% CI: 20.2–79.4%) in preventing severe COVID-19, and 93.8% (95% CI: 54.4–99.2%) in preventing COVID-19 death in the 28 days after treatment. In conclusion, REGEN-COV was effective in reducing the risk of severe sequelae in high-risk COVID-19 patients.
The Development and Validation of a Questionnaire Measuring Digital Eye Strain and Risk Level (DESRIL-27)
Authors: sharbini Sharimawati , Hamid Zubda , Rahman Hanif Abdul , Idris Fazean Irdayati , Naing Lin
Published: February 2022

Background: Daily exposure and overuse of digital devices are associated with several health-related issues to human eye, muscles and bones that are collectively termed as Digital Eye Strain and related Musculoskeletal Disorders. These problems have become worse during covid-19 pandemic due to global shift towards working online. This paper introduces a validated research instrument called DESRIL-27 to be used in assessing digital eye strain and related musculoskeletal disorders, with their associated risk factors in the working population.Methods: DESRIL-27 was developed from thorough review of salient literatures and in consultation with a team of experts to ensure the content validity. This 27-item tool consists of two scales, namely symptom severity and risk level scales. Reliability and validity analyses were conducted to assess the psychometric properties of DESRIL-27. Results: Cronbach’s alpha was 0.91 for Symptom Severity and 0.88 for Risk Level from the scales in the questionnaire. Principal Component Analysis results ranged from acceptable to very good. Conclusions: The procedures adopted for the validation and the results of the analysis reveal that DESRIL-27 is a reliable and valid research instrument. It can be safely used in future research studies to assess the visual and musculoskeletal problems and their risk factors in digital screen users. The resultant knowledge can help individuals, health practitioners, and related policy makers to prevent and control these problems at workplace.
Lymphocyte subsets in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) interrogated by single-cell sequencing
Authors: Guslund Naomi , Krabberød Anders , Nørstebø Simen , Solbakken Monica , Jakobsen Kjetill , Johansen Finn-Eirik , Qiao Shuo-Wang
Published: February 2022

Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) has lost the major histocompatibility complex class II presentation pathway. We recently identified CD8-positive T cells, B cells, and plasma cells in cod, but further characterization of lymphocyte subsets are needed to elucidate immune adaptations triggered by the absence of CD4-positive T lymphocytes. Here we use single-cell RNA sequencing to examine the lymphocyte heterogeneity in Atlantic cod spleen. We describe five TCR-positive T cell subsets and eight BCR-positive B cell subsets and propose a B cell trajectory of differentiation. Notably, we identify a significant subpopulation of T cells that are CD8-negative. Most of the CD8-negative T lymphocytes highly express the homolog of monocyte chemotactic protein 1b, and another subset of CD8-negative T lymphocytes express the homolog of the scavenger receptor m130. Uncovering the multiple lymphocyte cell sub-clusters reveals the different immune states present within the B and T cell populations, building a foundation for further work.
Revealing the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Conjugated Oximates: Towards a New Functionality for Organic Batteries
Authors: Wang Jiande , Apostol Petru , Rambabu Darsi , Liu Xuelian , Guo Xiaolong , Robeyns Koen , Lakraychi Alae Eddine , Morari Cristian , Gohy Jean-Francois , Gupta Deepak , Vlad Alexandru
Published: February 2022

In the rising advent of organic Li-ion cathodes with practical characteristic of being air-stable while in the reduced lithium-reservoir form, we report herein a new class of organic Li-ion positive electrode materials - the conjugated oximate lithium salts. The solid-phase electrochemistry of first five examples of the oximate class, including cyclic (aromatic), acyclic (non-aromatic), aliphatic and tetra-functional stereotypes, uncovers the complex interplay between the molecular structure and the electroactivity in the solid phase, as well as the potential of this rich family as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The conjugation of oximate functions within the molecular core is found to endow excellent air stability of lithiated reduced phases, an important prerequisite for practical use as Li-ion positive electrode materials. Amongst the exotic features characterizing the solid-state electrochemistry of this class of materials, the most appealing one belongs to the reversible solid-state polymerization through intermolecular azodioxy coupling (-ONNO-) and the intramolecular furoxan cyclization of their oxidized forms. In the disclosed series of materials, the best performing candidate delivers high reversible capacity of 357 at an average potential of 3.0 vs. Li+/Li0, attaining over 1 KWh kg-1 specific energy content.