bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Lack of Funding for Coral Reef Research and it’s Effects on Coral Reef Management and Conservation
Authors: Bushnell Jenna , Park Soo
Published: December 2021

Climate change is greatly harming coral reefs (Gibbs and West, 2019). It is important to research how to help these coral reefs build resilience against climate change but research programs are severely underfunded (Johnston et al. 2020). This paper explored how lack of funding prevents scientists from saving coral reefs and how scientists themselves can be affected. The goal of this paper was to bring to light the struggles faced in the midst of underfunding to feasibly gain support from politicians and government officials to promote funding for these programs. Through three virtual interviews with two scientists and one college professor, I gathered personal experiences from these participants on how coral reefs are being affected today, why research is necessary, and how lack of funding prevents the restoration of these reefs. With the use of a thematic analysis, I was able to recognize common themes between the interviews in order to conclude how lack of program funding prevents scientists from managing and restoring these coral reef ecosystems. The initial assumption for this paper was that coral reef research is underfunded because coral reefs are considered less important, however, the analysis of the data for this paper concluded that all research programs are underfunded. In essence, marine biology, in general, is underfunded as opposed to mainly research on coral reefs. As a result, scientists can be very limited in their abilities to conduct research.
Split Sciences: The Legal Accountability of Patients With Dissociative Identity Disorder
Authors: Iyer Madhalasa , Neve James
Published: December 2021

The thriller “Split” by M. Night Shyamalan showed a glimpse into the multiple personalities of the antagonist in the film. While many elements were added for intense suspense, the existence of such a disorder was factual. Dissociative Identity Disorder is defined by the American Psychiatric Association as a “psychological illness with 2 or more distinct identities, each accompanied by changes in behavior, memory, and thinking” (American Psychiatric Association). In a legal setting, the actions of the patients with DID have numerous ramifications. This paper aims to illustrate how the accountability of DID patients during a crime should be assessed. To find out how DID patients could be held accountable, we analyzed the disorder by researching the transformations in the brain, identified its origins, and explored the consequences in a judicial milieu. After conducting this research, we identified the solution that could be seamlessly embedded into our current society and benefit the patient as well as the courts. Through the analysis of the psychological disorder with a social lens, we evaluated that the jury and the public should be made more aware of the disorder and the court should not automatically assume innocence based on just the Insanity Defense. This plan is the best course of action for patients and the court systems and also aims to adapt societal thought to be more aware of DID’s difficulties.
An Analysis of Figurative Language on The Lyrics of Coldplay's Selected Song
Authors: Puspitorini Ferawaty , Hamdani Haris
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to know the kinds of figurative language used in selected lyrics of Coldplay song. This research was designed to identify some figurative language by understanding the general meaning when they are used in the lyrics of songs. The technique of descriptive analysis offered to analyze data by reading the data, then identifying the figurative language used in the lyrics of the song. After identifying some figurative languages then they are categorized into some kinds of figurative languages. Then, the general meaning of figurative language by identifying the lexical meaning and contextual meaning of the four selected lyrics of the song are used to analyze the data got from the song. Based on research findings, some figurative languages were found in Coldplay’s selected songs. Most of the figurative language which is used in the lyrics of Coldplay’s selected songs is “Hyperbole” which has a great exaggeration used to emphasize a point, and used for expressive or comic effect. The meanings which were found from the song are classified into connotative meanings. The lyrics of Coldplay’s selected songs tell us about humanity’s social life which contains love, sadness, happiness, spirit and others. In the lyrics of Coldplay’s selected songs, figurative languages are helpful to understand the song. The existence of figurative language is not to complicate the understanding of lyrics but to simplify and clear the understanding of lyrics. The song is very suitable for English Learners who want to improve their English skills in analyzing lyrics that contain figurative language. From the explanation above can be concluded that in analyzing lyrics besides finding figurative language in lyrics, the meanings of the song that contain figurative languages and messages of the song can be understood.
The Challenges of English Language Teaching in Indonesia
Authors: Boy Jon Roi , Embong Rahimah , Purnama Bambang , Safar Wadi Ari
Published: December 2021

The widespread use of English worldwide has brought about a significant impact for human beings to date. In the education sphere mainly, many studies have been conducted to discover the issues in English instruction. Moreover, English teachers in Indonesia were highly encouraged to figure out the best method to teach and cope with any problems encountered by the students to achieve the best learning outcomes. Besides, the government had also tried its best endeavors to accustom the curriculum to the needs in this globalization era. However, the results have not always been as expected since teachers and students possessed divergent points of view linked with the implementation of English language instruction. Therefore, this scientific literature review discussed some issues related to English which included; English in Indonesia, English Language Teaching for Education, Teachers’ Strategies to English Language Teaching, Problems of English Language Teaching, and Students’ Perceptions towards English Language Teaching. Furthermore, the main aim of this paper was to acknowledge to the readers that the teachers and students essentially require English due to its crucial role in the development of Education in Indonesia.
Semantics Analysis of Hyponymy on “Hank and The Horse” Short Story on Youtube
Authors: Kusumawardhani Paramita
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to know about the use and the most dominant of hyponymy as the semantics features through a story Hank and The Horse. In linguistics, a hyponym is a word or phrase whose semantic field is included within another term, its hypernymy. A hyponym shares a type-of relationship with its hypernymy. Hyponymy is part of semantics, and it is sometimes referred to as meaning inclusion. The research was done by using short stories on YouTube. Technology development has been very significant lately, making it easy for educators to find sources for teaching, learning, and other activities. One of them is a short story. Many short stories on YouTube can be used as the teaching-learning media, depending on the subject that is going to discuss. The method in this research was descriptive qualitative methods in presenting the results. Data were analyzed based on the association with hyponyms by semantic analysis. The study participants were the 5th-semester students of the University of Bina Sarana Informatika. The hyponymy was classified into nouns, pronouns, adverbs, verbs, and adjectives, with a total, were 40 hyponymies. The study's findings were 40 hyponymies found in the short story, then classified into nouns, pronouns, adverbs, verbs, and adjectives. Then they were divided into: (1). 13 nouns; (2). 4 pronouns; (3). 7 adverbs; (4). 12 verb; and (5). 4 adjective and the most dominant is hyponymy in the noun.
Cultural Norm Configurations in Acehnese Lullaby
Authors: Pratiwy Devi
Published: December 2021

This study is aimed to provide an overview of the cultural reality of lullaby, doda idi from Acehnese family habit.  This study describes the cultural norms and values configuration viewed from an ethno-pragmatic perspective and the local wisdom identified from the discourse. This study presents the cultural script approach. This approach is a descriptive technique that has grown out of the cross-cultural semantic theory proposed.  The cultural discourse analysis of norms and values on natural semantic meta-language theory.  It is considering that cultural norms and values constituted rules and regulations in social communication interaction practices. This lullaby linked to particular ways of speaking in the family's private domain, in this case, from mother and her child. Generally speaking, most cross-cultural communication styles assume that within a particular speech community, there are certain shared understandings about how it is appropriate to speak in a particular and cultural situation. A certain methodological technique is adopted to describe speech patterns and identify the relevant cultural values of this speech pattern. The proposed Acehnese cultural script is linked with (1) Showing high respect, (2) patriotic spirit, and (3) giving advice. The configuration of these cultural norms and values is the understanding of knowledge and wisdom in terms of the lullaby system. The configuration is constructed in low-level scripts with lexicons in semantic primes.
Indirect Speech Act of Spongebob Squarepants the Movie
Authors: Frafika Sari Ima
Published: December 2021

Direct and indirect speech acts are the two types of speech acts. This study aims to know how indirect speech acts are employed in the movie "SpongeBob SquarePants." It employs descriptive qualitative research to explain the main character's speech act types. There is currently a scarcity of studies examining speech act types in cartoon or animation films; yet, it is necessary. According to this study, the result of this article is: first, there are seventy-four discussions of indirect speech acts obtained from all characters in the movie SpongeBob SquarePants. Each dialogue in the film SpongeBob SquarePants can be deduced to reveal the meaning of indirect speech acts. Second, The reader can use the domain analysis indirect speech acts summary to help them understand each dialogue in this movie that has a different meaning. This stage permitted the main characters to say literal things to the listener. The main character did not make a difficult-to-understand statement to the listener. This research looks at Yule's theory's utterances of indirect speech activities. As a result, the outcome differed from the prior study, despite the same issue.
Study of Style and Stylistics in Farley Mowat's People of the Deer
Authors: Durai Denish , Baskaran G , Afri Evan
Published: December 2021

The article attempts to evaluate Farley Mowat's People of the Deer in terms of style and stylistic perspectives. Mowat (1921- 2014) is a well-known Canadian author. In the usage of the language resource, he has exhibited an excellent degree of competency. His styles of writing were an autobiographical fashion. With regard to linguistic and literary styles, the study examined style and stylistic trends. The researcher suggests that the study would be helpful for the students of linguistics and literature in the future. This study will not provide a detailed description of all stylistic devices; rather, it will provide a picture of the traditional flouted as well as variations that Mowat has introduced. Style, Stylistics, Alliteration, Repetition, Collocation, and so on are all examples of major literary and linguistic stylistics.
Perception and Expectation of EFL Students on Ideal Online Learning: A Survey Study in an Indonesian Islamic Higher Education
Authors: Ariawan Soni
Published: December 2021

The present study is aimed to investigate EFL students’ perception on the use of Google Classroom as an online learning platform and their expectation on an ideal online learning. 112 EFL students at State Islamic University of Mataram responded the survey study which was designed with open-ended questions. Students’ responses were qualitatively analyzed to find the main themes and sub-themes. The finding reveals that most students, 67%, perceived the use of Google classroom negatively due to the potential problems such as technical and financial problems  that lead to misunderstanding on materials delivered by the teachers. On the other hand, 27% of the students have a positive perception in terms of the ease of use and its flexibility and accessibility. The least perception from the students is neutral especially from those who play safe by perceiving the perception from both positive and negative side. Furthermore, the students proposed an ideal online learning that employ an effective teaching method and curriculum, provide such complete facilities as well combine both online and offline mode (blended learning).
From Face-to-Face to Digital Learning; Seen from EFL Student's Lenses Enrolled in Online Group Work
Authors: Harianingsih Ika , Jusoh Zailani , Muhammad Nur Ridwan
Published: December 2021

Numerous higher education institutions around the world must shift their instructions from face-to-face (FTF) to online learning due to Corona Virus Disease in 2019 (Covid19). Furthermore, with the increase in popularity of group work in higher education, especially in the language classroom, and the pivotal changes over the last years, the group works encounter new challenges as they transition to the online world. The study aims to explore the experiences of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students' engagement in online group works to explore the benefits and challenges in a new learning environment. The qualitative research design provided an in-depth understanding of the students' perceived value of online group work. Further, an interview was used as the main technique in collecting the data from the entire participants. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that students had generally good attitudes about online group work; however, some students noted that language and communications concerns presented difficulty at times. Nevertheless, the findings also demonstrated that the benefits of this experience surpassed the drawbacks. Thus, the study's findings can be valuable for practitioners and curriculum designers since they highlight the benefits of group work in an online learning setting and the students' problems they may confront during these classes.
Salgın Dönemi Kulüp Hisse Değerlerinde Ekonomik Kayıplar (Trend Analizi)
Authors: YURTSIZOĞLU Zühal
Published: December 2021

Covid-19 küresel salgını, milyarlarca insanın taraftar ve tüketici olarak yer aldığı futbol ekonomisinde, büyük gelir kayıplarına neden olmuştur. Salgın döneminde sponsorluk gelirleri, yayın gelirleri, maç hasılatı ve reklam gelirlerinde düşüş yaşayan kulüplerin, BİST (Borsa İstanbul) hisselerinde dalgalanmalar ve ekonomik kayıplar yaşanmıştır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye Süper Lig’de bulunan ve hisselerini borsaya açmış olan 4 büyük spor kulübünün (Fenerbahçe, Galatasaray, Beşiktaş, Trabzonspor) yaşadığı, ekonomik kayıpları ortaya koymak için yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla BİST’e kayıtlı kulüplere ilişkin hisse değerleri, enflasyondan arındırılıp, ortalamaları alındıktan sonra, trend analizi yapılmıştır. Trend analizi ile kulüp hisselerinde ortaya çıkan değer kayıpları ve eğilimler ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, salgın döneminde, sektörde alınan kararların hisse senetlerine tarihler itibari ile yansıdığı gözlemlenmiştir. Kulüplerin hisse senedi ortalamalarında, baz yıl ve bir önceki aya göre yaklaşık %50’lere varan değer kayıpları hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmanın, Covid-19 salgını ile mücadele eden futbol ekonomisine ışık tutacağı düşünülmektedir.
Türkiye ve Güney Kıbrıs Rum Yönetimi’nin Doğu Akdeniz Enerji Politikalarının Neorealist Perspektiften Karşılaştırmalı Analizi
Authors: İMAMOĞLU Muhammed Fatih , UYGUN Ayse Gülce
Published: December 2021

Doğu Akdeniz; farklı din, mezhep, siyasi ve etnik grupları bünyesinde barındıran bir bölge olup tarih boyu çatışmalara sahne olmuştur. Kıyıdaş devletlerin güvenliğini tehdit eden bu çatışmalar devam ederken, bölgede hidrokarbon kaynaklarının keşfedilmesi, gerilimi ve rekabeti besleyici bir etki yaratmaktadır. Günümüzde diğer tüm işlevlerinin yanı sıra aktörler tarafından rakiplerine karşı bir baskı aracı olarak da kullanılan enerji, bir güç unsuru olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Enerjinin devletlerin güvenlik açıklarını azaltıcı bir etkisinin olması, bu kaynaklar üzerinde hakimiyet kurma mücadelesini doğurmaktadır. Türkiye, artan enerji ihtiyacını karşılamak ve enerji geçiş merkezi olma hedefini sürdürmek için bölgeye olan ilgisini artırmaktadır. Güney Kıbrıs Rum Yönetimi ise, güvenlik açıklarını azaltma ve kaynakların büyük bir bölümünü ihraç ederek ekonomik kazanç elde etme gayreti içerisindedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye ve Güney Kıbrıs Rum Yönetimi’nin enerji politikaları kapsamında çatışan çıkarları değerlendirilmektedir. İki aktörün Doğu Akdeniz enerji politikaları neorealist perspektiften ele alınarak ulusal çıkar, güç, çatışma, rekabet, güç dengesi ve güvenlik kavramları çerçevesinde karşılaştırmalı bir analiz yapılmaktadır.
Turizm Öğrencilerinin Kültürel Zekâ Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: YAZICI Senem
Published: December 2021

Turizm çalışanları, turizm faaliyetinin yapısı gereği kültürler arası ortamlarda çalışmaktadırlar. Kişinin kültürel zekâ düzeyi, işe uyumunda ve verimli performans göstermesi açısından önem taşımaktadır. Yüksek kültürel zekâya sahip turizm çalışanları kültürler arası ortama hızlı ve kolay bir şekilde uyum sağlarlar. Bu durum, gelecekte işgören olacak turizm öğrencilerinin kültürel zekâ düzeylerinin mezuniyetten sonra sektöre uyumda önemli bir faktör olabileceğinin de önemli bir göstergesi olmaktadır. Bu nedenle, araştırmanın amacı, çok kültürlü bir ortamda çalışmak zorunda olacak olan turizm öğrencilerinin boylamsal araştırma yöntemi ile kültürel zekâ düzeylerini ölçmek ve yıllar içerisinde bir fark olup olmadığını tespit etmektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini Türkiye’nin önemli destinasyonlarından birinde bulunan tek turizm fakültesinin farklı yıllarda kayıt yaptırmış ve üçüncü sınıfta öğrenim gören toplam 736 öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Basit tesadüfi örneklem yöntemiyle örneklem seçilmiştir. Araştırma verileri kültürel zekâ ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, turizm eğitimi alan öğrencilerin genel kültürel zekâ düzeylerinin 2017, 2018 ve 2019 yılında ortalama seviyede olduğu ortaya konmuştur. 2018 yılı öğrencilerinin kültürel zekâ seviyesi diğer yıllardan daha yüksektir. Turizm öğrencilerinin kültürel zekâ seviyelerini artırmanın ve geliştirmek için farklı kültürler ile etkileşim içinde olmaları gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca, üniversite yıllarında sektörde çalışmaları kültürel zekâ düzeylerini artırabileceği belirlenmiştir. Turizm eğitimini yüksek kültürel zekâ düzeyi ile tamamlayan öğrenciler, sektöre daha hızlı uyum sağlayabilirler.
Концепция Имени в Русской Литературе
Authors: Paşayeva Yunus Firengiz
Published: December 2021

Основная функция имен собственных, несомненно, назывная. Но в тоже время эта не единственная присущая собственным именам функция. В них содержится огромная историческая, национальная и социальная информация о том обществе, к которому оно принадлежит, а также о носителе имени.
На сегодняшний день вопросы поэтической ономастики, занимающейся изучением имен в художественном тексте, не рассмотрены полностью и требуют дальнейшего изучения, потому что имя в художественном тексте истинных мастеров слова никогда неслучайно, несет в себе громадный смысл, а порой раскрывает подтекст всего произведения. Имена в художественном тексте не являются зеркальным отражением реальных имен, они преломляются в творчестве автора, согласуются с его направлением и мировоззрением.
Известно, что многие авторы применяют определенные методы при именовании героев в своих произведениях. Кроме этого они нередко создают определенные персонажи и образы в своих произведениях в соответствии с именованием. Когда исследуются собственные имена персонажей в конкретном произведении, можно узнать много информации об общих тенденциях эпохи и уникальных особенностях авторской системы именования. Имена собственные в художественных текстах представляют собой кодировку социокультурной и прагматической информации. Литературные имена показывают особенности авторской номинации. Способ перевода имен собственных влияет на их смысловую структуру и стилистические особенности. Передача «говорящих» имен в основном основана на объединении внеязыковых (мифологических, исторических, литературных и т. д.) образов в исходном языке и языке перевода.
В статье выделены основные смысловые особенности имен собственных в русской литературе и их функции в художественном произведении.
Eyyûbîlerin Ahlat Dönemi Sikkeleri
Authors: DALMİŞ Emin
Published: December 2021

Günümüzde Bitlis ilinin mütevazı bir ilçesi olan Ahlat, geçmişi antik zamanlara dayanan ve orta çağda büyük bir merkeze dönüşen önemli bir kenttir. Ahlat’ı orta çağda ticaret, kültür ve medeniyet merkezi haline getiren Ahlatşahların sona ermesinden sonra şehir Eyyûbîlerin hâkimiyetine geçti. Şehirde yarım asra yakın hâkimiyet kuran Eyyûbîlerin doğu kolu, Meyyafârîkîn’deki merkezlerini Ahlat’a taşımaları buraya verdikleri önemin bir göstergesidir.
Bu çalışmada birçok Müslüman hanedana ev sahipliği yapan Ahlat şehrinin ticari hayatında kullanılan Eyyûbî sikkeleri ele alınacaktır. Eyyûbî meliklerinin burada kestirdikleri sikkelerde “Ebu’l-Feth” ve “Ermen Şah” lakaplarını kullanması dikkat çekicidir. Orta çağ İslâm dönemi sikkeleri ticari hayatın ve ekonomik yapının yanında hükümdarlık sembollerini göstermesi bakımından tarihi kayıtlardır. Bu minvalde Eyyûbî sikkelerinde kullanılan motif ve figürler devrin kültür, sanat ve el işçiliği gibi farklı yönlerinin anlaşılması açısından da önemlidir.
Çalışmada Eyyûbîlerin doğu kolunun Ahlat’a hâkim olduktan sonra burada kestirdikleri sikkelerde kullanmış oldukları hâkimiyet sembolleri ve motifleri ele alınacaktır. Melik el-Evhad dönemine ait iki adet sikkenin tanıtımı yapılacaktır. Melik el-Eşref’in Ahlat’ta bulunduğu sırada iki adet sikke ve yerine tayin ettiği kardeşi Şerafeddin Gazi’nin de onun adına kestirdiği dört adet sikkenin tanıtım ve analizi yapılacaktır.
Joos van Ghistele’nin Hac Seyahati Anlatısında (1491) İslam ve Osmanlılara Dair Söylemi
Authors: KAÇAR Hilmi
Published: December 2021

Bu makale, Ortaçağ Avrupa zihniyet tarihi açısından zengin bilgiler sunan Burgonyalı soylu Joos van Ghistele’nin 1491’de Ambrosius Zeebout’a yazdırdığı Hristiyan hac seyahatnamesinin söylem analizini içermektedir. Bu seyahatname, 15. yüzyılın sonlarında Hristiyan Avrupa medeniyetinin İslam’ı ve Osmanlı’yı tasvir ederken ürettiği yaygın söylemi incelemek için önemli bilgiler içeren bir kaynaktır. Çalışmanın amacı, Burgonya kökenli metindeki İslam ve Türk karşıtı söylem ve temsilin, ortaçağdan itibaren Avrupa’da dini, siyasi ve kültürel hedefler doğrultusunda nasıl kurgulandığını beyan etmektir. İdeolojik düzlemde bu söylemin, 15. yüzyılda Avrupa’da oluşmaya başlayan merkezi devlet yapılarıyla bağlantılı olduğu ve Latin Kilisesinin dogmaları tarafından belirlendikleri öne sürülmüştür. Bu söylemin ana hatlarının, modern zamanlardaki Batı sömürgeciliğinden çok önce, orta çağda Hıristiyan teolojisi ve haçlı ideolojisi bağlamında şekillendiği vurgulanmıştır. Joos van Ghistele seyahatnamesinde bu söylem, belli bir strateji güdülerek kullanılmıştır. Osmanlıların Avrupa'nın ezeli hasmı ve İslam’ın “sapkın bir mezhep” gibi kurgulanması Avrupa’nın kendisini “mükemmel, erdemli ve üstün Hıristiyan” olarak tanımlamasına hizmet etmiştir.
Türkiye Selçuklu Medreselerinde Eğitim ve Yaşamla İlgili Temel Birimler
Authors: BALIK İbrahim
Published: December 2021

Malazgirt savaşından sonraki süreçte, Anadolu’yu hızla vatanlaştıran Selçuklular, aynı zamanda burada çok ileri seviyede bir medeniyet de oluşturmuşlardır. Bu devirden günümüze ulaşan pek çok mimari eser, bu medeniyet seviyesinin en büyük şahitleridir. Türkiye Selçukluları bu yüksek medeniyet seviyesini oluştururken insan sevgisi ve hoşgörüyü ön planda tutmuşlardır. Elbette, böylesine ileri seviyeli medeni bir toplum yetiştirebilmede eğitim önemli bir rol oynamıştır.

Selçuklular, medrese sistemini geliştiren ve yaygınlaştıran bir devlettir. Onlar diğer hâkimiyet sahalarında olduğu gibi Anadolu’da da medrese eğitimini geliştirmeye devam etmişlerdir. Elbette sağlıklı bir eğitim ancak bu iş için ayrılmış iyi mekânlarda gerçekleştirilebilir. Selçuklular da medrese binalarını bu mantığa göre şekillendirmeyi amaçlamışlardır. Medrese binalarında öğrencilerin ve diğer personelin eğitim, ibadet ve fiziki ihtiyaçlarını giderebilecek bütün mekânları oluşturmaya özen göstermişlerdir. Günümüze ulaşabilen medrese binalarında bu birimlerin yerlerini tespit etmek önemlidir. Bunlar tespit edildikçe hem bu birimlerin fonksiyonel özellikleri hem de eğitime katkıları daha iyi anlaşılacaktır.
Sikkelerin Gözünden Norman Hâkimiyeti Altında Sicilya’da Çok Kültürlülük ve 12. Yüzyılda Normanların Burada Bastırdıkları Sikkeler
Authors: MIYNAT Ali
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışma Normanlar tarafından yönetilen 12. yüzyıl Sicilya’sına odaklanacak, yazılı kaynakların yanında özellikle nümismatik bulgular vasıtasıyla buradaki çok-kültürlü yaşamı değerlendirecektir. Birkaç yüzyıl kadar Müslümanların kontrolünde olan bu çok-kültürlü, çok-dilli adanın Normanlar tarafından ele geçirilmesinin ardından, burada Norman kont ve krallarının Müslümanlar, Katolik Latinler, Ortodoks Hıristiyanlar, Yahudilerle birlikte koekzistans (birlikte yaşama) kültürü tesis etme çabaları görülür. Aslında adanın yeni sahibi Normanlar, hakimiyet tesis ettikleri bu coğrafyanın tüm unsurlarından pragmatik bir tavırla azami derece de istifade etmişlerdir. Bu da beraberinde etkileşimleri kaçınılmaz kılmıştır. Bu etkileşimlerin izlerini mimari ve sanat eserlerinde, giyim kuşamlarında, ordu teşkilatında, tesis ettikleri devlet kurumlarında ve de çalışmamızın önemli bir bölümünü kapsayacak bastırdıkları sikkelerde görmek mümkündür. Norman Sicilya’sının sikkelerinin lejantlarında Arapça, Latince ve Grekçe dillerini bazen müstakil, bazen de bir diğeriyle beraber çift-dilli olarak görürüz. Daha da ilginci ilk dönem bastırdıkları sikkeler kelime-i şehadet gibi İslamî ibareler taşır. Bu nümismatik bulguları 12. yüzyıl Sicilya’sındaki çok-kültürlü yapıyı yansıtması açısından çok önemlidir.

Çalışmada ayrıca İngiltere’nin önemli sikke koleksiyonlarından birine sahip olan The Barber Institute of Fine Arts’da bulunan Norman Sicilyası’nda I. Roger, II. Roger, I. William, II. William ve Tancred tarafından bastırılan sikkelerin kataloglaması yapılacaktır.
Ortaçağ Avrupa’sında Eczacılığın Gelişimi
Authors: KARAİMAMOĞLU Tolgahan
Published: December 2021

Tıbbın ayrılmaz bir parçası olan eczacılığın tarihsel gelişiminde ortaçağ dönemi önemli bir zaman dilimini kapsar. Ortaçağın başlamasıyla birlikte Avrupa’da manastır çevresinde şekillenmeye başlayan eczacılık faaliyetleri uzun bir süre din ve şifacıların faaliyet alanı olmuştur. Ancak on ikinci yüzyılla birlikte “Manastır Tıbbı” devrinin resmen bitmesi, din adamlarının hekimlik ve eczacılık yapma usulünü yavaş yavaş terk etmeleri eczacılığın da kaderini derinden etkilemiştir. Zira bu gelişmeler üzerine Avrupa’da 13. yüzyılla birlikte “Apothicaire” denilen bir esnaf grubu güç kazanmaya başlamıştır. Bu esnaflar ilaç yapımında kullanılan drogları satmanın yanında reçeteler de hazırlamışlardır. Ardından II. Frederick’in eczacılığı ayrı bir alan olarak tanımlayan yasaları ve Fransa’da çıkarılan regülasyonlar Avrupa’da eczacılığı ayrı bir alan olarak tanımlanmasını sağlamıştır. On üç ve on dördüncü yüzyıllarda ise Avrupa genelinde halk ve özel eczanelerin açılması ve bunların lonca teşkilatlanmalarına bağlanmaları ise artık yeni bir süreci başlatmıştır. Ortaçağın son döneminde doktorların eczacılarla başlayan yakın işbirliği içinde Avrupa eczaneleri hizmet vermeye başlamıştır. Avrupa'da bu süreçle birlikte kurulmaya başlayan yeni eczacılık fakülteleriyle de günümüzdeki modern eczacılığın temelleri atılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Avrupa eczacılığının gelişiminde önemli bir zaman dilimi olan ortaçağda yaşanan gelişmeler ve yenilikler açıklanmaya çalışılmaktadır.
II. Manuel Palaiologos’un Selaniklilere Tavsiye Söylevi: 1383-1387 Osmanlı Selanik Kuşatmasına Dair Bir Metin
Authors: ÇELİK Siren
Published: December 2021

Bu makale Bizans imparatoru II. Manuel Palaiologos’un (1350-1425) tahta çıkmadan önce, Selanik yöneticisiyken yazdığı bir söylevi incelemektedir. 1382-1387 yılları arasında Selanik’i babası V. Ioannes’ten bağımsız bir şekilde yöneten Manuel, aynı zamanda onun Osmanlılara karşı uzlaşmacı tutumunu reddetmiş ve onlarla çatışmaya girmiştir. Bu nedenle, Selanik 1383 senesinde Sultan I. Murad’ın emriyle kuşatılmıştır. Manuel, bilhassa Osmanlılara direnmek istemeyen ve haraç ödeme yanlısı olan bazı Selaniklileri savaşmaya ikna etmek üzere Selaniklilere Tavsiye Söylevi eserini kaleme almış ve icra etmiştir. Ağır bir Attika Yunancasıyla yazılmış olan söylev çok az çalışılmıştır, ancak hem içerdiği tarihi bilgiler bakımından hem de edebi nitelikleri nedeniyle oldukça dikkat çekicidir. Söylev Yunanca aslından okunabilmektedir, bildiğimiz kadarıyla henüz modern bir dile çevirisi yoktur. Bu makale Selaniklilere Tavsiye Söylevi’nin Türkçe çevirisini ve eserin ilk detaylı incelemesini içerecektir. Makale, sırasıyla Manuel’in Selanik’teki yönetimini, söylevin yazım ve icrasını, temalarını ve edebi özelliklerini tartıştıktan sonra eserin Yunanca aslından çevirisini dipnotlarda verilen açıklamalar eşliğinde sunacaktır.
Evaluation of Poisoning Case Followed in Intensive Care Units: Eskisehir Study
Authors: GÜRCÜ Sinem , IRMAK KAYA Zeynep , EFE Serdar
Published: December 2021

Aim: In this study, we aimed to retrospectively evaluate poisoning cases followed in tertiary care between 2019 and 2020.
Materials and Methods: 2726 cases followed between January 2019 and December 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. 154 (5.65%) of these cases were identified as poisoning cases. Cases under the age of 18 and chronic poisoning cases were not included in the study.
Results: A total of 154 cases, 87 women and 67 men, were retrospectively analyzed. The mean age of the patients was found to be 37.11 ± 15.7 years. 106 cases were recorded as suicide, 42 cases as accidental and 6 cases as poisoning due to overdose.
Conclusion: The highest poisoning agent was found to be drug. The fact that the cause of poisoning is the highest rate of drugs suggests that issues such as educating the public about drug use, reducing the sale of over-the-counter drugs and not keeping drugs within the reach of everyone should be taken into consideration.
Relația text-imagine în cazul ilustrației de carte la sfârșitul secolului al XIX-lea. Două studii de caz: Le voyage d’Urien și Les Vierges
Authors: Apostu Andreea
Published: December 2021

The 19th century witnessed an important shift in the relationship between book illustrations and literature: the literal approach of Romantics, which subordinated images to the literary text was replaced by the interpretative and metaphorical paradigm of the Symbolists. By the end of the century, painters refused the traditional servile attitude towards text, demanding a real autonomy of their creations. Instead of “illustration”, artists such as Odilon Redon preferred words like “transmission” and “interpretation”, whilst art critic André Mellerio coined the terms “concordance” and “correlative parallelism” to describe the relationship between the two arts. This paper aims to identify the traces of this debate in two rather different projects: Urien’s Voyage, by André Gide, decorated by Maurice Denis, and The Virgins, a text written by Georges Rodenbach and meant to accompany 4 lithographs created by József Rippl-Rónai.
Revoluție și competențe literate: România postcomunistă
Authors: Pavel Sebastian-Raul
Published: December 2021

This is a modified version of the introduction to a chapter from my PhD thesis concerning publishing and reading practices during XX-th century Romania. The present excerpt delineates the social and cultural context in the first decade after the Revolution that toppled the communist regime of Nicolae Ceaușescu at the end of 1989. With a focus on the notion of literacy, I explore how the changes in the material and social landscape produced lingering effects in book consumption and reading practices.
Panait Istrati, treizeci de ani ziarist
Authors: Crăciun Andrei
Published: December 2021

The Romanian-born writer Panait Istrati was, for three decades, also a journalist. His legacy as a reporter, investigative journalist and an outraged, but lucid columnist is almost unknown – ignored however, in France and in Romania as well. Panait Istrati was one of the most successful French language authors in the first half of the 20th century. He was also one of the pioneers in challenging communism. The roots of this becoming can be found in his journalism. This study is based on 294 texts that Panait Istrati published in the written press in Romania, France, Soviet Union and other countries, from 1906 to his death, in 1935.
Glosele textelor lui Damaschin Bojincă
Authors: Urs Otilia
Published: December 2021

This research aims to study the methods of glossaries in Damaschin Bojincă’s texts, reviewing especially the work Răspundere dezgurzătoare la cârtirea cea în Hale (Clarifyings Answers to Criticism in Hale) printed at Buda in 1828. Along the study we shall look for traditional and innovative elements of the lexis, their processing and frequency in the studied text, but also in other texts of the author.

The analysis shall present the types of glossaries by which means Damaschin Bojincă introduces neologisms in Romanian lexical system contributing as such to the enhancement of the literary Romanian language of that period, being possible to identify some lexical characteristics specific to all Romanian Enlightenment representatives, through which they mainly aimed at educational purposes but also at Romanian language structuring as a language of culture.
Littéraires et sociologues: enjeux interdisciplinaires d’une redéfinition de la littérature comme dispositif d’intelligibilité du social
Authors: Botnari Larisa
Published: December 2021

In the context of what seems to be known in France as the “crisis of literature,” one of the solutions often put forward over the past two or three decades is to invoke the epistemic capacities of literary works, in order to argue their usefulness and legitimacy. Literature specialists, but also representatives of other fields of study thus speak of a sociological, historical or philosophical knowledge, which would be possible through literature. This situation brings to light the question of interdisciplinary relations in the French intellectual and academic field. This article proposes the analysis of such a confrontation between literary figures and sociologists, around the notions of implicit sociology of literature and novelistic sociology. We try to show, through the examination of the discussions on this subject between intellectuals such as Bernard Lahire, Jacques Dubois, Nathalie Heinich, etc., that the strong enhancement of literary works by the use of the idea of knowledge through literature could lead, in return, to critical questioning of the importance and legitimacy of literary studies.
Making the Invisible Visible: Black Lesbianism in The Color Purple
Authors: Basarabă Ana Maria
Published: December 2021

The paper aims to disclose the factors behind Celie’s preference of transition from an involuntary heterosexual relationship to a homosexual one. I pursue this path due to multiple factors that occur in the novel and which nevertheless lead to Celie’s final homosexual identity. Homosexuality is far too often regarded as a mental illness and people have far too many times misjudged people with other sexual orientation than what the society perceives as “normal”. The findings of my research intend to show that homosexuality implies a variety of psychological, emotional and physical issues and that it is nothing to be ashamed or afraid of. Since racism has always been associated with Black men and sexism with White females, the paper brings the invisible Black lesbians to light.
Clarice Lispector, Ora stelei: Măști narative și violență textuală
Authors: Grigore Rodica
Published: December 2021

Published in 1977, the year of its author’s death, The Hour of the Star, Clarice Lispector’s last novel, represents one of the best creations of the Brazilian writer. The book describes the poor life of a young woman, but at a deeper level it analyzes the complex relationship between author and reader, but also between authors and their fictional creations, the characters. Rodrigo and Macabéa, the character and the narrative voice in The Hour of the Star play an intricate game of masks, permanently reduplicating perspectives and forcing the reader to decode the meanings of violence (either textual or physical) Lispector describes within the novel.
Review: Olesia Zaharova, Гендерные стереотипы в современном российском обществе [Stereotipurile de gen în societatea rusă contemporană]
Authors: Dinu Camelia
Published: December 2021

The monograph Gender Stereotypes in Contemporary Russian Society analyzes the mechanisms that produce and transform gender types and how these stereotypes interact with political-economic discourse. The author presents original sociological research to demonstrate how gender stereotypes have evolved in the discursive realms of politics, economics, and the family in contemporary Russia of the past twenty years.
Importanța gestului ca mediator și creator de sens în arta actorului: o perspectivă istorică
Authors: Ivanca Elena
Published: December 2021

In this article, I aim at defining the importance of gesture and movement in acting and actors’ training. In doing so, I will analyze some of the historical perspectives on gestures to get to the latest theories in this field with the hope of answering some seemingly banal but actually vital questions about the role of gesture in acting and performance: what do we mean when we say an actor is also a good mover and how does “good” movement or gestures serve this art? What are the best-known training techniques that used gestures and movement to improve acting? Considered as a body movement most often voluntarily controlled by the actor, the gesture is performed in order to produce a meaning that is not necessarily dependent on the spoken text. The gesture, as we hope to demonstrate, should not only be seen as one of the most important non-verbal tools that an actor disposes of, but also a vehicle to deliver feeling, emotions and meaning.
Mythologies, soixante ans après
Authors: Zenkine Serge
Published: December 2021

The article identifies several problematic concepts characterizing the “myth” as it is interpreted in Roland Barthes’ “Mythologies”: the object, the image, the narrative, the action. All these concepts remain not defined in the book, and their further refinement, their adaptation to the modern cultural situation, more than half a century after the publication of the book, can serve the development of semiotics and of cultural criticism.
Barthes avec Derrida, ou vers un après-punctum social et écologique
Authors: Coroamă Eliza Dana
Published: December 2021

In “Camera Lucida”, Roland Barthes comes into a personal and autobiographical exploration of photography, trying to grasp the sharp and piercing emotion which he terms punctum. Defying signs and codes, the punctum leads to an irreducible subjective experience of the photographic image as that-has-been. Reading Roland Barthes’s theory of photography through the perspective of Jacques Derrida’s essays on mourning and otherness, this article questions whether the notion of punctum can have a social and political meaning.
Les Mythologies comme un outil d’exploration de la littérature migrante
Authors: Petkov Yavor
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the way in which the ideas developed in Roland Barthes’ “Mythologies” could be used as analytical tools when approaching a corpus of Québécois migrant novels. Migrant novels deal not only with the migration of human beings, but also with that of representations. This is both identity-related and intellectual (self-)exploration and is accompanied by a gradual renunciation of the ideological content behind the protagonists’ representations, and the text itself becomes the instrument of such deconstruction. The article illustrates the application of a possible approach inspired by “Mythologies” through the analysis of two novels by Québécois writers coming from Eastern Europe – Sonya Anguelova and Aline Apostolska.
Traduire Barthes – regards nostalgiques et ambivalents
Authors: Vasiliu Deliana
Published: December 2021

Translating Barthes in the 1980s, in Romania, was a real challenge. The present text is intended to recall the discovery of that unclassifiable “writer” at the time when, in 1983, we proposed to the Universe Publishing House in Bucharest to publish a sort of Essential Barthes into Romanian, entitled “The Novel of The Writing”. It will therefore be a nostalgic, but at the same time ambivalent and, as far as possible, critical look on what the writings and especially the writing of Roland Barthes nourished the “happy” readers who were the literary figures of communist Romania. For, in fact, behind all this was “hunger”: a desire to know something else, to harmonize with the other, to cross barriers, to be somewhere else than in the standardized world of Eastern Europe.
Zum Quellenwert der historischen Presseforschung in multiethnischen Räumen
Authors: Sava Doris
Published: December 2021

The number of projects dedicated to the digitization of newspaper collections in libraries and archives has risen continuously in recent years. The main focus is on securing German-language press inventory outside of the German-speaking area, which often cannot be copied due to the aging process, and – with a view to developments, cross-connections and research approaches – making them available for broad use for future independent investigations. Through various funding programs, the ministries responsible for education and research and national research infrastructures also work to keep this cultural heritage alive, to digitize it on a larger scale, to develop it and to make it internationally accessible. The article therefore shows some of the noteworthy newspapers and magazines of the German minority in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe and some efforts for documentation of the German minority press in this region.
Considerații asupra traducerii în limba română a textului lui Johann Daniel Friedrich Rumpf, „Alexander I, Keiser von Russland. Ein Regierungs- und Karaktergemälde” (1814)
Authors: Catană-Spenchiu Ana
Published: December 2021

This paper aims to gather and provide information about a less known historical text from the beginning of the 19th century. Alexander I, Keiser von Russland. Ein Regierungs- und Karaktergemälde written by Johann Daniel Friedrich Rumpf is the less known booklet printed in Buda, in 1815. With an anonymous translator, the text represents an important analytical base to understand the cultural, political and social landscape in the Romanian time-frame of Enlightenment. The paper focuses on some important translation issues as: loans or adaptation, in a period of time when the translators had to adapt to a different context in order to use a specialized language for the economic, geographic and legal realities.
Analize micro-stilistice în poetica blagiană a materialității
Authors: Foitoș Alexandru
Published: December 2021

The present study aims to highlight the main occurrences of different material elements in Lucian Blaga’s lyrical work, by focusing on quantitative and micro-stylistic approaches. The quantitative research was made with the help of a digital instrument, Sketch Engine, a relevant tool for research in corpus linguistics and computational stylistics. This study encapsulates the explicit occurences of 22 materials from Lucian Blaga’s poems, categorized into three main groups: metallic materials (ferrous and non-ferrous), non-metallic materials (ceramic/telluric) and rocks and building materials. The analysed material elements are integrated in 317 micro-structures and contexts, the main aspect observed being the ratio between metaphorical and denotative regimes in which materials are included. Starting from distant reading, the article questions a possible cognitive dimension of Lucian Blaga’s poems, which is based on the author’s cultural and philosophical experience.
Riscurile comportamentului sexual și consumul de substanțe la tinerii români
Authors: Copăceanu Mihai
Published: December 2021

Young people consume alcohol and drugs in a way that can be harmful to their health. Concerning the research on the consumption of psychoactive substances and sexual behaviour in Romania, there are some deficiencies. In a very large study with 10,144 young people (average age of 18.97 years,), most respondents said they had started their sexual life at the age of 16. However, there was a total of 21.8% who started their sexual life at the age of 15 and under 15. Regarding condom use, 45.9% of adolescents say they do not use condoms every time they have sex. Concerning the non-condom use decision, the state of pleasure is the most important thing. In the case of rape, this research has found that 304 people (3%) said they were victims of rape committed by a partner (or another person) who was under the influence of alcohol. The percentage of those who told their relatives or friends about the rape was 2.4%, meaning that 60 people did not tell anyone about rape, and worse, only 102 people filed a complaint with the police.
Managementul comunicării non-verbale în muzica sufletului
Authors: Florea Diana
Published: December 2021

This paper sets out to examine the importance and virtues of non-musical elements in operatic performance. By identifying expressive gestures in the artistic interpretation of two famous pieces, this study also explores the prevalence of the type of information (auditory or visual) that can determine the evaluation not only of an artistic interpretation but also of an entire musical performance.
Fracturismul în câmpul literar românesc
Authors: Bâlici Mihnea
Published: December 2021

Fracturism proved to be the “spearhead” of the 2000 generation. The first and by far the most radical literary group formed after 1989, this promotion became the cultural expression of a difficult context in the post-revolutionary history of Romania. The aim of this study is to analyze the origin, the function and the effects of the Fracturist ideas proposed by Marius Ianuș and Dumitru Crudu in 1998. Most literary interpretations failed to capture the specificity of this promotion. This is due to the fact that the aesthetic program was never a priority for the Fracturists. It can be emphasized that Fracturism appeared in a specific set of historical, political, social, institutional and cultural circumstances. The present analysis aims to clarify the complex links between the difficult post-communist transition, the crisis of the Romanian literary field and the ostentatious literary expression of the new authors. In this regard, a certain performative dimension of fracturism can be theorized: the poets and prose writers of the new millennium will militate against a distressing social reality by changing the very role of the contemporary author.
Traducându-l pe Rousseau. Câteva note critice despre o traducere recentă a Contractului social
Authors: Lazăr Veronica
Published: December 2021

This article reviews a new Romanian translation of Rousseau’s Social contract. While attempting to grasp some of the challenges of translating Rousseau’s works, it also points towards the market-driven dynamics of the Romanian publishing landscape of translations from the classics of political thought.