bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arctic Sea Ice Loss Enhances the Oceanic Contribution to Climate Change
Authors: Ivanov Vladimir
Published: February 2023

Since the mid-1990s, there has been a marked decrease in the sea ice extent (SIE) in the Arctic Ocean. After reaching an absolute minimum in September 2012, the seasonal variations in the SIE have settled at a new level, which is almost one-quarter lower than the average climatic norm of 1979–2022. Increased melting and accelerated ice export from marginal seas ensure an increase in the open water area, which affects the lower atmosphere and the surface layer of the ocean. Scientists are cautiously predicting a transition to a seasonally ice-free Arctic Ocean as early as the middle of this century, which is about 50 years earlier than was predicted just a few years ago. Such predictions are based on the fact that the decrease in sea ice extent and ice thinning that occurred at the beginning of this century, initially caused by an increase in air temperature, triggered an increase in the thermal and dynamic contribution of the ocean to the further reduction in the ice cover. This paper reviews published evidence of such changes and discusses possible mechanisms behind the observed regional anomalies of the Arctic Sea ice cover parameters in the last decade.
Different Estimation Methods for New Probability Distribution Approach Based on Environmental and Medical Data
Authors: Hassan Eid A. A. , Elgarhy Mohammed , Eldessouky Eman A. , Hassan Osama H. Mahmoud , Amin Essam A. , Almetwally Ehab M.
Published: February 2023

In this article, we introduce a new extension of the power Lomax (PLo) model by combining the type II exponentiated half-logistic class of statistical models and the PLo model. The new suggested statistical model called type II exponentiated half-logistic-PLo (TIIEHL-PLo) model. However, the new TIIEHL-PLo model is more flexible and applicable than the PLo model and some extensions of THE PLo model, especially those in environmental and medical fields. Some general statistical properties of the TIIEHL-PLo model are computed. Six different estimation approaches, namely maximum likelihood (ML), least-square (LS), weighted least-squares (WLS), maximum product spacing (MPS), Cramér–von Mises (CVM), and Anderson–Darling (AD) estimation approaches, are utilized to estimate the parameters of the TIIEHL-PLo model. The simulation experiment examines the accuracy of the model parameters by employing six different methodologies of estimation. In this study, we analyze three real datasets from the environmental and medical fields to highlight the relevance and adaptability of the proposed approach. The newly suggested model is exceptionally adaptable and outperforms several well-known statistical models.
Optimal Utilization of Charging Resources of Fast Charging Station with Opportunistic Electric Vehicle Users
Authors: Konara Konara Mudiyanselage Sandun Y. , Kolhe Mohan Lal , Ulltveit-Moe Nils , Balapuwaduge Indika A. M.
Published: February 2023

The key challenge with the rapid proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) is to optimally manage the available energy charging resources at EV fast-charging stations (FCSs). Furthermore, the rapid deployment of fast-charging stations provides a viable solution to the potential driving range anxiety and charging autonomy. Costly grid reinforcements due to extra load caused by fast charging can be omitted using a dedicated energy storage and/or renewable energy system at the FCS. The energy supply and fixed number of EV supply equipment (EVSE) are considered as the limited charging resources of FCS. Amidst various uncertainties associated with the EV charging process, how to optimally utilize limited charging resources with opportunistic ultra-fast charging EV users (UEVs) is studied in this work. This work proposes resource allocation and charging coordination strategies that facilitate UEVs to dynamically exploit these limited charging resources with defined liabilities when pre-scheduled users (SEVs) do not occupy them to utilize limited charging resources maximally. Moreover, the proposed dynamic charging coordination strategies are analyzed with a Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). The presented numerical results reveal that the major drawbacks of under-utilization of limited charging resources by SEVs can be significantly improved through dynamic charging resource allocation and coordination along with UEVs. With the proposed charging coordination strategies in this study, the maximum charging resource utilization of considered FCS with 10 EVSE has been improved to 90%, which bounds to 78% only with SEVs.
Low Vanadium Permeability Membranes Based on Flexible Hydrophilic Side Chain Grafted Polybenzimidazole/Polymeric Ionic Liquid for VRFBs
Authors: Wang Xiaorui , Wang Shuang , Liang Dan , Cui Yinghe , Wang Xiaodong , Yong Zhipeng , Liu Fengxiang , Wang Zhe
Published: February 2023

Based on amino polybenzimidazoles with flexible hydrophilic side chains (AmPBI-MOE) and polymeric ionic liquid (PIL), a series of composite membranes (AmPBI-MOE-PIL-X) were fabricated for vanadium redox flow battery applications. Here, 1-Bromo-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane was grafted onto amino polybenzimidazole (AmPBI) by the method of halogenated hydrocarbons, and PIL was synthesized from ionic liquids by in situ radical polymerization to build a hydrogen-bonded cross-linked network within the film. The hydrophilic side chain improves the proton conductivity. With the increase in ionic liquids, the vanadium transmittance and the proton conductivity increase. The AmPBI-MOE-PIL-5 membrane not only exhibits a vanadium ions permeability of 0.88 × 10−9 cm2 min−1, which is much lower than Nafion117 (6.07 × 10−8 cm2 min−1), but also shows a very excellent blocking ability for vanadium ion. The AmPBI-MOE-PIL-5 membrane shows excellent performances at 60 mA cm−2, with VE of 87.93% and EE of 82.87%, both higher than that of Nafion117 membrane in VRFB.
Ammonium and Tetraalkylammonium Salts as Additives for Li Metal Electrodes
Authors: Di Cillo Dario , Bargnesi Luca , Lacarbonara Giampaolo , Arbizzani Catia
Published: February 2023

Lithium metal batteries are considered a promising technology to implement high energy density rechargeable systems beyond lithium-ion batteries. However, the development of dendritic morphology is the basis of safety and performance issues and represents the main limiting factor for using lithium anodes in commercial rechargeable batteries. In this study, the electrochemical behaviour of Li metal has been investigated in organic carbonate-based electrolytes by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements and deposition/stripping galvanostatic cycling. Low amounts of tetraalkylammonium hexafluorophosphate salts have been added to the electrolytes with the aim of regulating the lithium deposition/stripping process through the electrostatic shielding effect that improves the lithium deposition. The use of NH4PF6 also determined good lithium deposition/stripping performance due to the chemical modification of the native solid electrolyte interphase via direct reaction with lithium.
Development of a Hip Joint Socket by Finite-Element-Based Analysis for Mechanical Assessment
Authors: González Ana Karen , Rodríguez-Reséndiz Juvenal , Gonzalez-Durán José Eli Eduardo , Olivares Ramírez Juan Manuel , Estévez-Bén Adyr A.
Published: February 2023

This article evaluates a hip joint socket design by finite element method (FEM). The study was based on the needs and characteristics of a patient with an oncological amputation; however, the solution and the presented method may be generalized for patients with similar conditions. The research aimed to solve a generalized problem, taking a typical case from the study area as a reference. Data were collected on the use of the current improving prosthesis—specifically in interaction with its socket—to obtain information on the new approach design: this step constituted the work’s starting point, where the problems to be solved in conventional designs were revealed. Currently, the development of this type of support does not consider the functionality and comfort of the patient. Research has reported that 58% of patients with sockets have rejected their use, because they do not fit comfortably and functionally; therefore, patients’ low acceptance or rejection of the use of the prosthesis socket has been documented. In this study, different designs were evaluated, based on the FEM as scientific support for the results obtained, for the development of a new ergonomic fit with a 60% increase in patient compliance, that had correct gait performance when correcting postures, improved fit–user interaction, and that presented an esthetic fit that met the usability factor. The validation of the results was carried out through the physical construction of the prototype. The research showed how the finite element method improved the design, analyzing the structural behavioral, and that it could reduce cost and time instead of generating several prototypes.
Oscillatory ERK Signaling and Morphology Determine Heterogeneity of Breast Cancer Cell Chemotaxis via MEK-ERK and p38-MAPK Signaling Pathways
Authors: Ho Kenneth K. Y. , Srivastava Siddhartha , Kinnunen Patrick C. , Garikipati Krishna , Luker Gary D. , Luker Kathryn E.
Published: February 2023

Chemotaxis, regulated by oscillatory signals, drives critical processes in cancer metastasis. Crucial chemoattractant molecules in breast cancer, CXCL12 and EGF, drive the activation of ERK and Akt. Regulated by feedback and crosstalk mechanisms, oscillatory signals in ERK and Akt control resultant changes in cell morphology and chemotaxis. While commonly studied at the population scale, metastasis arises from small numbers of cells that successfully disseminate, underscoring the need to analyze processes that cancer cells use to connect oscillatory signaling to chemotaxis at single-cell resolution. Furthermore, little is known about how to successfully target fast-migrating cells to block metastasis. We investigated to what extent oscillatory networks in single cells associate with heterogeneous chemotactic responses and how targeted inhibitors block signaling processes in chemotaxis. We integrated live, single-cell imaging with time-dependent data processing to discover oscillatory signal processes defining heterogeneous chemotactic responses. We identified that short ERK and Akt waves, regulated by MEK-ERK and p38-MAPK signaling pathways, determine the heterogeneous random migration of cancer cells. By comparison, long ERK waves and the morphological changes regulated by MEK-ERK signaling, determine heterogeneous directed motion. This study indicates that treatments against chemotaxis in consider must interrupt oscillatory signaling.
A Human Ovarian Tumor & Liver Organ-on-Chip for Simultaneous and More Predictive Toxo-Efficacy Assays
Authors: Fedi Arianna , Vitale Chiara , Fato Marco , Scaglione Silvia
Published: February 2023

In oncology, the poor success rate of clinical trials is becoming increasingly evident due to the weak predictability of preclinical assays, which either do not recapitulate the complexity of human tissues (i.e., in vitro tests) or reveal species-specific outcomes (i.e., animal testing). Therefore, the development of novel approaches is fundamental for better evaluating novel anti-cancer treatments. Here, a multicompartmental organ-on-chip (OOC) platform was adopted to fluidically connect 3D ovarian cancer tissues to hepatic cellular models and resemble the systemic cisplatin administration for contemporarily investigating drug efficacy and hepatotoxic effects in a physiological context. Computational fluid dynamics was performed to impose capillary-like blood flows and predict cisplatin diffusion. After a cisplatin concentration screening using 2D/3D tissue models, cytotoxicity assays were conducted in the multicompartmental OOC and compared with static co-cultures and dynamic single-organ models. A linear decay of SKOV-3 ovarian cancer and HepG2 liver cell viability was observed with increasing cisplatin concentration. Furthermore, 3D ovarian cancer models showed higher drug resistance than the 2D model in static conditions. Most importantly, when compared to clinical therapy, the experimental approach combining 3D culture, fluid-dynamic conditions, and multi-organ connection displayed the most predictive toxicity and efficacy results, demonstrating that OOC-based approaches are reliable 3Rs alternatives in preclinic.
Applied Clinical Tandem Mass Spectrometry-Based Quantification Methods for Lipid-Derived Biomarkers, Steroids and Cannabinoids: Fit-for-Purpose Validation Methods
Authors: Matias Isabelle , Belluomo Ilaria , Raux Pierre-Louis , Vallée Monique
Published: February 2023

The emergence of metabolomics and quantification approaches is revealing new biomarkers applied to drug discovery. In this context, tandem mass spectrometry is the method of choice, requiring a specific validation process for preclinical and clinical applications. Research on the two classes of lipid mediators, steroids and cannabinoids, has revealed a potential interaction in cannabis addiction and metabolism-related disorders. Here we present the development of GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS methods for routine quantification of targeted steroids and cannabinoids, respectively. The methods were developed using an isotopic approach, including validation for linearity, selectivity, LLOQ determination, matrix effect, carryover, between- and within-run accuracy and precision, and stability tests to measure 11 steroids and seven cannabinoids in human plasma. These methods were satisfactory for most validity conditions, although not all met the acceptance criteria for all analytes. A comparison of calibration curves in biological and surrogate matrices and in methanol showed that the latter condition was more applicable for our quantification of endogenous compounds. In conclusion, the validation of our methods met the criteria for GLP-qualified rather than GLP-validated methods, which can be used for routine analytical studies for dedicated preclinical and clinical purposes, by combining appropriate system suitability testing, including quality controls in the biological matrix.
Biomolecules from Macroalgae—Nutritional Profile and Bioactives for Novel Food Product Development
Authors: Healy Laura E. , Zhu Xianglu , Pojić Milica , Sullivan Carl , Tiwari Uma , Curtin James , Tiwari Brijesh K.
Published: February 2023

Seaweed is in the spotlight as a promising source of nutrition for humans as the search for sustainable food production systems continues. Seaweed has a well-documented rich nutritional profile containing compounds such as polyphenols, carotenoids and polysaccharides as well as proteins, fatty acids and minerals. Seaweed processing for the extraction of functional ingredients such as alginate, agar, and carrageenan is well-established. Novel pretreatments such as ultrasound assisted extraction or high-pressure processing can be incorporated to more efficiently extract these targeted ingredients. The scope of products that can be created using seaweed are wide ranging: from bread and noodles to yoghurt and milk and even as an ingredient to enhance the nutritional profile and stability of meat products. There are opportunities for food producers in this area to develop novel food products using seaweed. This review paper discusses the unique properties of seaweed as a food, the processes involved in seaweed aquaculture, and the products that can be developed from this marine biomass. Challenges facing the industry such as consumer hesitation around seaweed products, the safety of seaweed, and processing hurdles will also be discussed.
Preliminary Transcriptome Analysis of Long Noncoding RNA in Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Mammary Gland Axis of Dairy Cows under Heat Stress
Authors: Zeng Hanfang , Li Shujie , Zhai Yunfei , Chang Haomiao , Han Zhaoyu
Published: February 2023

Heat stress (HS) is directly correlated to mammary gland dysfunction in dairy cows, especially in summer. The hypothalamic−pituitary−mammary gland axis (HPM axis) plays an important role in the regulation of stress response and lactation physiology in heat−stressed dairy cows. The aim of this study was to explore the lncRNA profile, and the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network in hypothalamus, pituitary, and mammary gland tissues of heat−stressed and normal dairy cows. We performed RNA sequencing (RNA−seq) to identify differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs, and the ceRNA regulatory network was established in HPM−axis−related tissues. Our results showed that a total of 13, 702 and 202 DE lncRNAs were identified in hypothalamus, pituitary, and mammary glands, respectively. Of lncRNAs, 8, 209 and 45 were up−regulated, and 5, 493 and 157 lncRNAs were down−regulated. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses indicated that DE lncRNAs target genes that might play a role in hormone synthesis, secretion and action, apoptosis, mitogen−activated protein kinase (MAPK), AMP−activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Moreover, the ceRNA regulatory network associated with the MAPK signaling pathway in HPM−axis−related tissues contains 3286 lncRNA–mRNA pairs. Furthermore, the ceRNA regulatory network associated with apoptosis, prolactin, AMPK, and mTOR signaling pathway in the mammary gland contains 772 lncRNA–mRNA pairs. Thus, some lncRNAs may be involved in the regulation of stress response and the physiological process of lactation. The changes in lncRNA expression profiles and ceRNAs (lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA) in HPM−axis−related tissues are the key to affect the stress response and lactation physiology of dairy cows under HS, which provide a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanism in the stress response of HPM−axis−related tissues in dairy cows under HS.
Seaweed Pellets as a Renewable Fuel Feedstock
Authors: Nazemi Mohiodin , Unnthorsson Runar , Richter Christiaan
Published: February 2023

Seaweed can be a desirable source of renewable energy or fuel after it has been processed by combustion, thermochemical conversion by gasification, pyrolysis, or hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) or biochemical conversion routes like anaerobic digestion (AD). This work explores how well the measured properties of seaweed pellets match the specifications for the various fuel and energy conversion options listed. Blends of hay, wood chips, sawdust, and seaweed were pelletized. Eight pellet blends with dominant seaweed content and minimum acceptable mechanical strength and stability were produced and their physical and chemical properties were reported. The seaweed pellets had an energy content of around 14 MJ/kg, and each pellet could withstand almost 200 N of compression force. Their water content was around 5% or less and their ash content was around 20–34%. According to the results, a higher wood content increased the energy content of the pellets. Among those properties measured in this project, none of them contradicted the typical specifications of combustion, HTL, and AD. However, the low water content and low strength of some pellet types were unable to meet the specifications for certain types of gasification and pyrolysis.
Search Strategy Analysis of 5xFAD Alzheimer Mice in the Morris Water Maze Reveals Sex- and Age-Specific Spatial Navigation Deficits
Authors: Sánchez Carolina Quintanilla , Schmitt Franziska W. , Curdt Nadine , Westhoff Anna Celine , Bänfer Irina Wanda Helene , Bayer Thomas A. , Bouter Yvonne
Published: February 2023

Spatial disorientation and navigational impairments are not only some of the first memory deficits in Alzheimer’s disease, but are also very disease-specific. In rodents, the Morris Water Maze is used to investigate spatial navigation and memory. Here, we examined the spatial memory in the commonly used 5xFAD Alzheimer mouse model in a sex- and age-dependent manner. Our findings show first spatial learning deficits in 7-month-old female 5xFAD and 12-month-old male 5xFAD mice, respectively. While the assessment of spatial working memory using escape latencies provides a global picture of memory performance, it does not explain how an animal solves a spatial task. Therefore, a detailed analysis of swimming strategies was performed to better understand the behavioral differences between 5xFAD and WT mice. 5xFAD mice used a qualitatively and quantitatively different search strategy pattern than wildtype animals that used more non-spatial strategies and showed allocentric-specific memory deficits. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of swimming strategies revealed allocentric memory deficits in the probe trial in female 3-month-old and male 7-month-old 5xFAD animals before the onset of severe reference memory deficits. Overall, we could demonstrate that spatial navigation deficits in 5xFAD mice are age- and sex-dependent, with female mice being more severely affected. In addition, the implementation of a search strategy classification system allowed an earlier detection of behavioral differences and therefore could be a powerful tool for preclinical drug testing in the 5xFAD model.
The Role of mTOR and Injury in Developing Salispheres
Authors: Saleem Rimah , Carpenter Guy
Published: February 2023

Salispheres are the representative primitive cells of salivary glands grown in vitro in a nonadherent system. In this study, we used the ligation model for salisphere isolation after seven days of obstruction of the main excretory duct of the submandibular gland. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a critical signalling pathway involved in many cellular functions and is suggested to play a role in atrophy. We determined the role of mTOR and injury in the formation and development of salispheres. Morphological assessments and Western blot analysis illustrated how mTOR inhibition by rapamycin impaired the assembly of salispheres and how indirect stimulation of mTOR by lithium chloride (LiCl) assisted in the expansion of the salispheres. The use of rapamycin highlighted the necessity of mTOR for the development of salispheres as it affected the morphology and inhibited the phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein (4e-bp1). mTOR activity also appeared to be a crucial regulator for growing salispheres, even from the ligated gland. However, atrophy induced by ductal ligation resulted in a morphological alteration. The phosphorylation of 4e-bp1 and S6 ribosomal protein in cultured salispheres from ligated glands suggests that mTOR was not responsible for the morphological modification, but other unexplored factors were involved. This exploratory study indicates that active mTOR is essential for growing healthy salispheres. In addition, mTOR stimulation by LiCl could effectively play a role in the expansion of salispheres. The impact of atrophy on salispheres suggests a complex mechanism behind the morphological alteration, which requires further investigation.
Novel Biotherapeutics Targeting Biomolecular and Cellular Approaches in Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Singh Suraj Kumar , Dwivedi Shradha Devi , Yadav Krishna , Shah Kamal , Chauhan Nagendra Singh , Pradhan Madhulika , Singh Manju Rawat , Singh Deependra
Published: February 2023

Wound healing responses play a major role in chronic inflammation, which affects millions of people around the world. One of the daunting tasks of creating a wound-healing drug is finding equilibrium in the inflammatory cascade. In this study, the molecular and cellular mechanisms to regulate wound healing are explained, and recent research is addressed that demonstrates the molecular and cellular events during diabetic wound healing. Moreover, a range of factors or agents that facilitate wound healing have also been investigated as possible targets for successful treatment. It also summarises the various advances in research findings that have revealed promising molecular targets in the fields of therapy and diagnosis of cellular physiology and pathology of wound healing, such as neuropeptides, substance P, T cell immune response cDNA 7, miRNA, and treprostinil growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor, including thymosin beta 4, and immunomodulators as major therapeutic targets.
A Retrospective Clinical Trial Regarding Oral Rehabilitation Diagnosis Strategies Based on Stomatognathic System Pathology
Authors: Lupu Iulian Costin , Checherita Laura Elisabeta , Antohe Magda Ecaterina , Stamatin Ovidiu , Teslaru Silvia , Hamburda Tudor , Tarevici Eugenia Larisa , Bulancea Bogdan Petru , Trandafirescu Mioara , Gena Dascalu Cristina , Cuciureanu Magdalena , Gradinaru Irina , Burlea Lucian Stefan , Jehac Alina Elena
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Orofacial pain is a common occurrence in daily dental practice; it is frequently attributed to temporomandibular dysfunction, one of its major causes, followed by pathology of the salivary glands, without avoiding interference at the level of the pain pathways caused by complications of periodontal pathology. The main objective of this study is to identify an important cause of pain in the oral–maxillofacial territory by quantifying the changes at the salivary glandular level using stereological methods. The secondary objective of the present research is to identify the implications of periodontal changes as a consequence of salivary quantitative and qualitative changes, quantified using periodontal indices, on the balance of the temporomandibular joint, dysfunction of it being an important cause of facial pain and having a profound impact on the complex oral rehabilitation algorithm of each clinical case, a condition evaluated with the analysis of the results of the Souleroy questionnaire. Material and methods: In a retrospective study, we evaluated the clinical results obtained after applying complex rehabilitation treatment to 35 subjects, 20 women and 15 men with salivary and TMJ dysfunctions, selected between 2020 and 2021 from the Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, Iasi. Results and discussion: The most common symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) that were identified through the Souleroy questionnaire were pain and different types of damage to the masticatory muscles. The most significant changes in elders are reported in the case of serous cells, which reduced their percentage volume from 46.7% to 37.4%. Conclusion: As regards stereological analysis in conjunction with histological images, there were significant changes in diameters, perimeters, and longitudinal axes in the adult patients as opposed to the elderly patients, which were also influenced by the type of pathology at this level. The scores recorded on the diagnostic Souleroy scale indicated a large number of patients with low efficiency and maximum stress levels: 20.0% in level 1, 25.7% in level 2, and 25.7% in level 3.
Blood Markers of Biological Age Evaluates Clinic Complex Medical Spa Programs
Authors: Isaev Fedor I. , Sadykov Arsenii R. , Moskalev Alexey
Published: February 2023

Background: Kivach Clinic has developed a special medical spa program to prevent aging-related conditions in metabolic, cardio-vascular, and neurological states. Spa programs modify diet, physical activity, and lymphatic drainage, as it deteriorates with aging. We investigated its influence on the blood markers of biological age of patients during their stay to objectify the potential of spa treatment for influencing the risk of age-related events. Methods: The artificial deep learning model Aging.ai 3.0 was based on blood parameters. The change in the biological age of 43 patients was assessed after their 14-day spa treatment at Kivach Clinic. Results: Biological age decreased in 29 patients (median decrease: 8 years, mean: 8.83 years), increased in 10 patients (median increase: 3 years, mean: 5.33 years) and remained unchanged in 4 patients. Overall mean values for the entire patient group were as follows: median value was −3 years, and mean was −4.79 ± 1.2 years (p-value = 0.00025, t-test). Conclusions: The capability of specially selected medical spa treatment to reduce human biological age (assessed by Aging.AI 3.0) has been established.
Risk of Severe Alphaherpesvirus Infection after Solid Organ Transplantation: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Chuang Ya-Wen , Huang Shih-Ting , Wang I-Kuan , Lo Ying-Chih , Chang Chiz-Tzung , Lin Cheng-Li , Yu Tung-Min , Li Chi-Yuan
Published: February 2023

Patients after solid organ transplantation (SOT) are more susceptible to various viral infections, including alphaherpesviruses. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the risk of alphaherpesvirus infections, including herpes simplex and herpes zoster, after solid organ transplantation. Inpatient records from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) defined solid organ recipients, including heart, liver, lung, and kidney, hospitalized for alphaherpesvirus infections as a severe case group of transplants and matched them with a nontransplant cohort. We enrolled 18,064 individuals, of whom 9032 were in each group. A higher risk of severe alphaherpesvirus infection was noted in solid organ recipients (aHR = 9.19; p < 0.001) than in the general population. In addition, solid organ transplant recipients had the highest risk of alphaherpesvirus infection within 1 year after transplantation (aHR = 25.18). The comparison found a higher risk of herpes zoster and herpes simplex infections in recipients of kidney (aHR = 9.13; aHR = 12.13), heart (aHR = 14.34; aHR = 18.54), and liver (aHR = 5.90; aHR = 8.28) transplants. Patients who underwent solid organ transplantation had a significantly higher risk of alphaherpesvirus infection than the general population.
Activity Patterns, Sex Ratio, and Social Organization of the Bare-Faced Curassow (Crax fasciolata) in the Northern Pantanal, Brazil
Authors: Senič Martin , Schuchmann Karl-L. , Burs Kathrin , Tissiani Ana Silvia , de Deus Filipe , Marques Marinez I.
Published: February 2023

Among Neotropical cracids (Galliformes), many taxa are declining rapidly in population size and facing local extinction. However, in the Brazilian Pantanal, several species occur sympatrically and in abundant numbers to allow for long-term studies. Therefore, the study was intended to collect data and statistically evaluate the life history patterns of Bare-faced Curassow (Crax fasciolata), a high-conservation-priority species. Additionally, the effect of applying commonly used independence filters on camera trap data was evaluated. The study was conducted in the SESC Pantanal, Baía das Pedras, Mato Grosso, Brazil, a private protected area of approximately 4200 ha. Between July 2015 and December 2017 (4768 sampling days), 37 sampling locations were monitored with camera traps placed in a regular grid with a spacing of 1 km. Crax fasciolata was detected at 26 (70.27%) of them, with 357 independent captures (554 individuals). Capture success differed among the four seasonal periods, being highest during the receding and lowest during the high-water period. The seasonal difference was more pronounced in the savanna, with significantly lower activity during the rising period and higher activity during the receding period, while it was more uniform in forest-dominated areas. Groups with offspring were more active during the period of receding water, indicating the peak of reproductive activity in the months before. The daily activity of the species followed a bimodal pattern, with peaks between 06:00 and 07:00 and 16:00 and 17:00. Daily activity rhythms were similar when compared between seasonal periods, sexes, and adults with or without offspring and differed between two habitats (more homogeneous in the forest). The mean detected group size was 1.55 ± 0.81 SD, with four animals exhibiting the largest observed aggregation. Larger unisexual aggregations of adults were not observed. The offspring sex ratio was significantly female-skewed at 0.51:1.00, while the adult sex ratio was considered equal at 1.05:1.00 (male:female). The use of different independence filters did not alter the BFC general activity pattern estimates. Cracids can be considered important bioindicators of habitat quality. The results of this study outline the importance of the Pantanal as a stronghold for this species and the privately protected areas with low anthropogenic activity as highly beneficial to its populations.
Associations between Autonomic Function and Cognitive Performance among Patients with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Hu Guoliang , Collet Jean-Paul , Zhao Mengxi , Lu Yao , Wang Yilong
Published: February 2023

Data linking heart rate variability (HRV) and cognitive status remains controversial and scarce, particularly in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) patients. Whether the association between HRV and cognitive performance exists in CSVD patients is unclear. Hence, we aimed to investigate the association between HRV and cognitive performance in patients with CSVD. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 117 CSVD patients. All patients underwent HRV assessment and global cognitive evaluation by the Mini-Mental-State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Multivariable analyses were performed to evaluate the association between HRV and cognitive status. The mean age of study population was 59.5 ± 11.8 years and 39.3% were female. After adjusting for confounding factors, a higher high frequency (HF) norm was independently associated with better MMSE scores (β = 0.051; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.012~0.090; p = 0.011) and MoCA scores (β = 0.061; 95% CI: 0.017~0.105; p = 0.007), while a higher low frequency (LF)/HF ratio was independently associated with worse MMSE scores (β = −0.492; 95% CI: −0.893~−0.092; p = 0.017) and MoCA scores (β = −0.691; 95% CI: −1.134~−0.248; p = 0.003). The HF norm was positively associated with global cognitive performance, whereas the LF/HF ratio was negatively associated with global cognitive performance among CSVD patients. Further study of the relationship between autonomic function and cognitive performance is warranted.
Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Non-Rapid Eye Movement Parasomnias: Long-Term Outcomes and Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Laroche Matthias , Biabani Nazanin , Drakatos Panagis , Selsick Hugh , Leschziner Guy , Steier Joerg , Young Allan H. , Eriksson Sofia , Nesbitt Alexander , Kumari Veena , Rosenzweig Ivana , O’Regan David
Published: February 2023

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, we demonstrated the efficacy of a novel Cognitive Behavioural Therapy programme for the treatment of Non-Rapid Eye Movement Parasomnias (CBT-NREMP) in reducing NREM parasomnia events, insomnia and associated mood severities. Given the increased prevalence and worsening of sleep and affective disorders during the pandemic, we examined the sustainability of CBT-NREMP following the U.K.’s longest COVID-19 lockdown (6 January 2021–19 July 2021) by repeating the investigations via a mail survey in the same 46 patient cohort, of which 12 responded. The survey included validated clinical questionnaires relating to NREM parasomnia (Paris Arousal Disorder Severity Scale), insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index) and anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Patients also completed a targeted questionnaire (i.e., Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown Questionnaire, ICLQ) to assess the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on NREM parasomnia severity, mental health, general well-being and lifestyle. Clinical measures of NREM parasomnia, insomnia, anxiety and depression remained stable, with no significant changes demonstrated in questionnaire scores by comparison to the previous investigatory period prior to the COVID-19 pandemic: p (ISI) = 1.0; p (HADS) = 0.816; p (PADSS) = 0.194. These findings support the longitudinal effectiveness of CBT-NREMP for up to three years following the clinical intervention, and despite of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Hyperscanning EEG Paradigm Applied to Remote vs. Face-To-Face Learning in Managerial Contexts: Which Is Better?
Authors: Balconi Michela , Angioletti Laura , Cassioli Federico
Published: February 2023

We propose a hyperscanning research design, where electroencephalographic (EEG) data were collected on an instructor and teams of learners. We compared neurophysiological measures within the frequency domain (delta, theta, alpha, and beta EEG bands) in the two conditions: face-to-face and remote settings. Data collection was carried out using wearable EEG systems. Conversational analysis was previously applied to detect comparable EEG time blocks and semantic topics. The digitalization of training can be considered a challenge but also a chance for organizations. However, if not carefully addressed, it might constitute a criticality. Limited research explored how remote, as opposed to face-to-face, training affects cognitive, (such as memory and attention), affective, and social processes in workgroups. Data showed an alpha desynchronization and, conversely, a theta and beta synchronization for the face-to-face condition. Moreover, trainees showed different patterns for beta power depending on the setting condition, with significantly increased power spectral density (PSD) in the face-to-face condition. These results highlight the relevance of neurophysiological measures in testing the e-learning process, in relation to the emotional engagement, memory encoding, and attentional processing.
Association of Income with Post-Stroke Cognition and the Underlying Neuroanatomical Mechanism
Authors: Tian Jingyuan , Wang Yue , Guo Li , Li Shiping
Published: February 2023

Objective: To investigate the association between income and post-stroke cognition at 3 months, and the underlying neuroanatomical mechanism. Methods: Patients with first-ever ischemic stroke were enrolled and analyzed. Baseline information on income and neuroimaging measurements with predictive values for post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) were collected within 7 days of the admission. Three months after the index stroke, all participants underwent a detailed neuropsychological test battery. The associations between income and PSCI and between income and brain structural measurements were investigated. Results: A total of 294 patients were recruited for this study. Lower income was independently associated with poor cognitive performance on Stroop tests, Clinical Dementia Rating, Boston Naming Test, and Verbal Fluency Test. Regarding neuroimaging parameters, lower income was associated with a lower total brain volume (TBV)/total intracranial volume (TICV) ratio (p = 0.004). Conclusions: Lower income is associated with an increased chance of post-stroke cognitive decline, particularly in executive function and language domains. Since global brain atrophy (measured by TBV/TICV ratio) is a strong predictor for PSCI, its correlation with income may help explain the neuroanatomical mechanism between income and post-stroke cognition.
The Relationship between a Growth Mindset and Junior High School Students’ Meaning in Life: A Serial Mediation Model
Authors: Zhao Hui , Zhang Ming , Li Yifei , Wang Zhenzhen
Published: February 2023

A growth mindset is an individual’s belief that human intelligence can be changed through continuous practice and effort. The meaning in life signifies that individuals understand or see the meaning of their own life and are aware of their own goals and the values of their own life. Previous studies have shown that a growth mindset positively promotes individual emotional health and life happiness, but its relationship with meaning in life needs to be clarified. In this study, taking the self-determination theory and the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions as a basis, we constructed a serial mediation effect model to test the mechanism of psychological capital and core self-evaluation in the relationship between a growth mindset and the meaning in life. A total of 565 students from Chinese junior middle schools participated in this study. The growth mindset, meaning in life, psychological capital, and core self-evaluation scales were used to collect the data for the study. The results indicated the following: (1) meaning in life was significantly predicted by growth mindset (β = 0.181, p < 0.001); (2) psychological capital and core self-evaluations played a mediating role in the influence of growth mindset on junior high school students’ meaning in life. The mediating role includes three mediating paths: the individual mediating effects of psychological capital, the individual mediating effects of core self-evaluations, the serial mediating effects of psychological capital and core self-evaluations. The results of this study confirm the benefits of a growth mindset, as well as the potential mechanism by which they impact meaning in life, which positively impacts junior high school students meaning in life.
Project Management Maturity in Renovation and Remodelling Construction Firms
Authors: Machado Filipe , Duarte Nelson , Amaral António
Published: February 2023

Project Management Maturity Models (PMMM) are considered practical tools to deal with poor Project Management (PM) performance, an issue that concerns academics and practitioners. However, the models that exist are something close to “one size fits all”. This means that those models might not be suitable for activity sectors with specific requirements, such as construction, in particular, the renovation and remodelling construction firms. The present research proposes a PMMM to assess the PM capabilities of Portuguese renovation and remodelling Project-Based Firms (PBF). To achieve this goal, the authors developed documental research, followed by exploratory research through qualitative analysis. The researchers conducted semi-structured interviews and performed a content analysis of the fully transcribed interviews. Compared with the literature review’s findings, qualitative analysis results made it possible to find closure on previous research that indicated two models to have the best fit for an assessment project on construction PBFs: the OPM3 from the PMI and the MMGP-Prado. Based on those findings, the latter has the best fit for an assessment project on construction PBF. However, the model needs adjustments to fit the Portuguese context of renovation and remodelling organisations. This article presents a new PMMM for Portuguese renovation and remodelling construction firms based on obtained results. Furthermore, regarding construction PM, this article is among the few that studied PMMM on renovation and remodelling construction companies. Unlike large construction companies, these are small organisations that academics do not target for research.
Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) as a Partial Substitute for Cement in Pozzolanic Concrete Blocks
Authors: Ahmed Haitham M. , Hefni Mohammed A. , Ahmed Hussin A. M. , Saleem Hussein A.
Published: February 2023

This study investigates the effect of the partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with cement kiln dust (CKD) on the engineering properties of pozzolanic concrete for use in block manufacturing. Ultimately, this could potentially reduce cement consumption and CO2 emissions. The study was carried out on cylindrical concrete samples prepared from five mixtures comprising 71.13% pozzolan and 14.16% water, with 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20% of the OPC fraction (14.71 wt.%) replaced by CKD. The samples were tested for density and compressive strength (UCS) at curing ages of 7, 14, 28, 56, and 91 days; and for voids and water absorption after 28 curing days. Results show that increasing CKD content lowered the voids and increased the water absorption. The 15% CKD sample had the highest UCS, regardless of the curing age. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the phase responsible for hydration, calcium silicate hydrate, was higher in the 15% CKD sample than the control.
Preparation and Properties of Environmentally Friendly Resin-Based Artificial Stones Fabricated from Ceramic Waste
Authors: Liu Junbo , Zhang Xiaozhen , Mai Zhixi , Wang Yongqing , Wang Shaohua , Cai Yebing , Feng Junli
Published: February 2023

The rapid development of the traditional ceramic industry contributes considerably to economic advancements; however, the ecological hazards caused by the large amount of sintered ceramic wastes generated during ceramic production and discarded at landfill sites are becoming increasingly severe. To realize the large-scale resource utilization of ceramic waste, sintered ceramic waste was used in this study to partially replace natural quartz sand, and new environmentally friendly artificial stones were fabricated by using vacuum vibration molding and inorganic/organic composite curing technology. The effects of ceramic waste addition and particle size on the mechanical strength, surface hardness, wear resistance, stain resistance, and microstructure of artificial stone materials were investigated. The results showed that the replacement of quartz sand with 40–55% ceramic waste significantly improved the mechanical strength of artificial stone and maintained sufficient surface hardness and wear resistance. When 45% of ceramic waste powder (particle size ≥ 120 mesh) was added, the bending strength of the artificial stone was 64.4 MPa, whereas when 55% of ceramic waste particles with different particle sizes were added, the maximum compressive strength was 158.7 MPa. Good wear resistance and sufficient Moh’s hardness of 5.5–6.5 was obtained for all the samples. The prepared ceramic waste artificial stone also had a dense microstructure and low water absorption and porosity, which are helpful for improving stain resistance.
Emerging Role of IGF-1 in Prostate Cancer: A Promising Biomarker and Therapeutic Target
Authors: Liu Guoqiang , Zhu Minggang , Zhang Mingrui , Pan Feng
Published: February 2023

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a highly heterogeneous disease driven by gene alterations and microenvironmental influences. Not only enhanced serum IGF-1 but also the activation of IGF-1R and its downstream signaling components has been increasingly recognized to have a vital driving role in the development of PCa. A better understanding of IGF-1/IGF-1R activity and regulation has therefore emerged as an important subject of PCa research. IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling affects diverse biological processes in cancer cells, including promoting survival and renewal, inducing migration and spread, and promoting resistance to radiation and castration. Consequently, inhibitory reagents targeting IGF-1/IGF-1R have been developed to limit cancer development. Multiple agents targeting IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling have shown effects against tumor growth in tumor xenograft models, but further verification of their effectiveness in PCa patients in clinical trials is still needed. Combining androgen deprivation therapy or cytotoxic chemotherapeutics with IGF-1R antagonists based on reliable predictive biomarkers and developing and applying novel agents may provide more desirable outcomes. This review will summarize the contribution of IGF-1 signaling to the development of PCa and highlight the relevance of this signaling axis in potential strategies for cancer therapy.