bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonparametric Analysis of Production Efficiency: Discussion
Authors: Gempesaw Conrado M.
Published: May 2019

When I was invited to be a discussant in this session dealing with nonparametric analysis of production and consumption, my initial response was rather mixed. On one hand, I teach a graduate-level course in applied statistics, and one of the topics I cover is nonparametric statistics and its application to the biological sciences. Hence, I thought it would be interesting to relate what I cover in class with what is used in applied agricultural production economics research. On the other hand, I am not familiar with this approach since I have not used the nonparametric programming method for efficiency analysis in my past research. Thus, together with my graduate students, we started applying the nonparametric production efficiency analysis in order to gain a better understanding of this approach. The deeper we got into the research topic, I realized that there was very little relationship between what is called nonparametric statistics by statisticians and nonparametric methods used to analyze production efficiency.
THE ANCIENT SHELL COLLECTORS: TWO MILLENNIA OF MARINE SHELL EXCHANGE AT CEIBAL, GUATEMALA
Authors: Sharpe Ashley E.
Published: May 2019

This study examines 2,000 years of marine trade to the ancient Maya site of Ceibal, Guatemala. Located almost 150 kilometers from the nearest coast in Belize, Ceibal was a large community spanning the Middle Preclassic through early Postclassic periods (1000b.c.–a.d.1200). It therefore provides an excellent opportunity to assess the marine resources imported through the southern Maya lowlands over many centuries, offering insight into trade networks, uses of shell ornaments, religious beliefs and rituals, and other activities involving marine species. The study compares marine invertebrate data from Ceibal to a neighboring subordinate community, Caobal, as well as data previously reported from sites in the southern Mesoamerican lowlands, in order to understand regional sociocultural and trade connections over time. The majority of Ceibal's marine taxa are Atlantic species and reflect shell trends observed elsewhere in Guatemala and Belize, suggesting strong ties to trade networks eastward to the coast that lasted many centuries.
Ethical Issues in Prehospital Research
Authors: Davis Eric A. , Maio Ronald F.
Published: May 2019

The atrocities committed by Nazi physicians and scientists, in the name of furthering medical science, is an appalling page of the history of medical research. In the wake of World War II, the scientific community strived to develop regulations to guard against future abuses in medical research. However, a particularly sobering thought is that the atrocities in Germany were being carried out in a country that had specific regulations for protecting human research subjects: Nazi Germany was the only European country to have such regulations. A more in-depth look at these regulations reveals institutional or department heads were held accountable, but not the individual researcher. The lesson from this analysis is clear: individual investigators must bear the responsibility of conducting ethical research. Governmental regulations and Institutional Review Boards never can replace investigators who are advocates for the protection of human subjects.

The purpose of this paper is to address issues broadly regarding ethics and prehospital research, with a focus on the topic of informed consent.
Out-Of-Hospital Research in the Urban Environment
Authors: Pepe Paul E.
Published: May 2019

The urban prehospital setting is one of the best venues in which to examine life-saving resuscitation interventions. When the entire catchment of the urban emergency medical services (EMS) system is used, large-population patient studies can be generated. Certain unique features give several urban centers the ability to conduct clinical trials in the out-of-hospital setting. Without resuscitation at the scene, it is rare for cardiac arrest patients to survive. In the case of trauma resuscitation, prehospital care can impact outcome significantly. Since coronary artery disease and trauma kill nearly one-million persons annually in the United States, prehospital care research is a worthwhile endeavor. This rationale for prehospital care research is strengthened by the relatively high potential for full recovery.
Publishing Your Research–II
Authors: Birnbaum Marvin L.
Published: May 2019

The principal reason to conduct medical research is twofold: 1) to provide an answer to some question that is important to the investigator(s); and 2) to affect the behavior of others involved in the practice of medicine. In order to accomplish the latter of these two objectives, the results of your labors must be published in a reputable medical Journal so that it can impact upon the practice of your peers. To accomplish this, it is necessary to conform to certain rules in the development of the manuscript, and then have the paper evaluated for its relative merits for publication by a panel of your peers. These issues are addressed in this paper.

We all tend to be somewhat naive about the need to write in terms that can be understood and appreciated by our peers. Without clarity and understanding, our work has little impact on others. All that will be accomplished is the knowledge that you think you have gained from what you have done. There are several benefits associated with submission of your hard-earned work for review by your peers. Perhaps the most significant is that the process of peer review constitutes a learning process for the reviewers as well as the authors.
ON STABILITY OF PHYSICALLY REASONABLE SOLUTIONS TO THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL NAVIER–STOKES EQUATIONS
Authors: Maekawa Yasunori
Published: May 2019

The flow past an obstacle is a fundamental object in fluid mechanics. In 1967 Finn and Smith proved the unique existence of stationary solutions, called the physically reasonable solutions, to the Navier–Stokes equations in a two-dimensional exterior domain modeling this type of flows when the Reynolds number is sufficiently small. The asymptotic behavior of their solution at spatial infinity has been studied in detail and well understood by now, while its stability has remained open due to the difficulty specific to the two-dimensionality. In this paper, we prove that the physically reasonable solutions constructed by Finn and Smith are asymptotically stable with respect to small and well-localized initial perturbations.
THE RACIAL BOUNDARIES OF INEQUALITY
Authors: Douds Kiara W. , O’Connell Heather A. , Bratter Jenifer L.
Published: May 2019

Many White Americans believe that individual rather than structural factors explain racial inequality, yet there is substantial variation in Whites’ perceptions. Using data from the Portraits of American Life Study, we exploit this variation to provide insight into the processes driving Whites’ perceptions of the causes of racial inequality. Specifically, we assess how social boundaries inform Whites’ explanations for the disadvantage of two racial groups: Blacks and Asians. First, we examine how each group’s position in the racial hierarchy relates to the types of explanations employed by Whites and find that Whites use individual explanations more often for Blacks than Asians. Second, we assess the extent to which the importance given to race in one’s overall identity affects how Whites explain racial disadvantage. Whites who see their Whiteness as being important to their identity are more likely to use individual rather than structural explanations to explain Black disadvantage. Together, these findings provide insight into the social psychological processes that contribute to Whites’ perceptions of racial inequality and suggest increased attention to how perceptions of out-group boundaries shape individual perceptions of inequality. Addressing this dimension of how individuals view inequality will be critical to future efforts to reduce it.
Ambipolar Electric Field in the Martian Ionosphere: MAVEN Measurements
Authors: Akbari H. , Andersson L. , Peterson W. K. , Espley J. , Benna M. , Ergun R.
Published: May 2019

The altitude and the local solar time dependence of the electron pressure and the resulting ambipolar electric field in the Martian ionosphere have been investigated by utilizing the electron density and temperature measurements obtained by the Langmuir Probe and Waves instrument aboard the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution mission (MAVEN) spacecraft. The magnitude of the ambipolar electric field is estimated to be 1–2 μV/m on the dayside—producing, on average, a total potential drop of up to 800 mV below 600 km. These calculations, when combined with the previous understandings on the significance of the Poynting flux in the Martian ionosphere, suggest that the ambipolar electric field and the Poynting flux are equally important in establishing a steady state in which the ions are transported from below the exobase to higher altitudes.
Petrogenesis of ODP Hole 735B (Leg 176) Oceanic Plagiogranite: Partial Melting of Gabbros or Advanced Extent of Fractional Crystallization?
Authors: Chen Yanhong , Niu Yaoling , Wang Xiaohong , Gong Hongmei , Guo Pengyuan , Gao Yajie , Shen Fangyu
Published: May 2019

Oceanic plagiogranite was first defined by Coleman in 1975 as an assemblage of felsic rocks in the ocean crust and is the sole rock type in ophiolites for age dating. However, the petrogenesis of these felsic rocks remains controversial. Some consider them as partial melting products of gabbros, while others interpret them as representing highly evolved residual melt of ocean ridge magmatism. To resolve this debate, we focus our study on felsic veins from Ocean Drilling Program Hole 735B (Leg 176) in the Southwest Indian Ridge. We carried out detailed petrography, mineral compositional analysis, bulk‐rock trace element, and Sr‐Nd‐Pb‐Hf isotope analysis and petrological modeling. These data and observations lead to the conclusion that these felsic vein lithologies (i.e., oceanic plagiogranite) are solidified residual melts after advanced extents of fractional crystallization of ocean ridge basaltic magmas, rather than partial melting products of gabbros. At the late stage of mid‐ocean ridge basaltic magma evolution, Fe‐Ti oxides appear on the liquidus to crystallize, resulting in the residual melts rapidly enriched in SiO2. Such silicic melts are buoyant and can transport through “cracking” within the lithologies of the gabbroic sections of the ocean crust in the form of felsic dykes, veins, and veinlets. The volumetrically small (~0.5%) but widespread plagiogranite veins and veinlets throughout the gabbroic sections provide evidence that multiple small melt batch intrusion and differentiation are primary mechanism and mode of ocean crust accretion at slow‐spreading ridges.
Pb clustering and PbI2 nanofragmentation during methylammonium lead iodide perovskite degradation
Authors: Alberti Alessandra , Bongiorno Corrado , Smecca Emanuele , Deretzis Ioannis , La Magna Antonino , Spinella Corrado
Published: May 2019

Studying defect formation and evolution in MethylAmmonium lead Iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite layers has a bottleneck in the softness of the matter and in its consequent sensitivity to external solicitations. Here we report that, in a polycrystalline MAPbI3 layer, Pb-related defects aggregate into nanoclusters preferentially at the triple grain boundaries as unveiled by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analyses at low total electron dose. Pb-clusters are killer against MAPbI3 integrity since they progressively feed up the hosting matrix. This progression is limited by the concomitant but slower transformation of the MAPbI3 core to fragmented and interconnected nano-grains of 6H-PbI2 that are structurally linked to the mother grain as in strain-relaxed heteroepitaxial coupling. The phenomenon occurs more frequently under TEM degradation whilst air degradation is more prone to leave uncorrelated [001]-oriented 2H-PbI2 grains as statistically found by X-Ray Diffraction. This path is kinetically costlier but thermodynamically favoured and is easily activated by catalytic species.
Chromatin dysregulation and DNA methylation at transcription start sites associated with transcriptional repression in cancers
Authors: Ando Mizuo , Saito Yuki , Xu Guorong , Bui Nam Q. , Medetgul-Ernar Kate , Pu Minya , Fisch Kathleen , Ren Shuling , Sakai Akihiro , Fukusumi Takahito , Liu Chao , Haft Sunny , Pang John , Mark Adam , Gaykalova Daria A. , Guo Theresa , Favorov Alexander V. , Yegnasubramanian Srinivasan , Fertig Elana J. , Ha Patrick , Tamayo Pablo , Yamasoba Tatsuya , Ideker Trey , Messer Karen , Califano Joseph A.
Published: May 2019

Although promoter-associated CpG islands have been established as targets of DNA methylation changes in cancer, previous studies suggest that epigenetic dysregulation outside the promoter region may be more closely associated with transcriptional changes. Here we examine DNA methylation, chromatin marks, and transcriptional alterations to define the relationship between transcriptional modulation and spatial changes in chromatin structure. Using human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal carcinoma as a model, we show aberrant enrichment of repressive H3K9me3 at the transcriptional start site (TSS) with methylation-associated, tumor-specific gene silencing. Further analysis identifies a hypermethylated subtype which shows a functional convergence on MYC targets and association withCREBBP/EP300mutation. The tumor-specific shift to transcriptional repression associated with DNA methylation at TSSs was confirmed in multiple tumor types. Our data may show a common underlying epigenetic dysregulation in cancer associated with broad enrichment of repressive chromatin marks and aberrant DNA hypermethylation at TSSs in combination with MYC network activation.
Functional linkage of gene fusions to cancer cell fitness assessed by pharmacological and CRISPR-Cas9 screening
Authors: Picco Gabriele , Chen Elisabeth D. , Alonso Luz Garcia , Behan Fiona M. , Gonçalves Emanuel , Bignell Graham , Matchan Angela , Fu Beiyuan , Banerjee Ruby , Anderson Elizabeth , Butler Adam , Benes Cyril H. , McDermott Ultan , Dow David , Iorio Francesco , Stronach Euan , Yang Fengtang , Yusa Kosuke , Saez-Rodriguez Julio , Garnett Mathew J.
Published: May 2019

Many gene fusions are reported in tumours and for most their role remains unknown. As fusions are used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes, and are targets for treatment, it is crucial to assess their function in cancer. To systematically investigate the role of fusions in tumour cell fitness, we utilized RNA-sequencing data from 1011 human cancer cell lines to functionally link 8354 fusion events with genomic data, sensitivity to >350 anti-cancer drugs and CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-fitness effects. Established clinically-relevant fusions were identified. Overall, detection of functional fusions was rare, including those involving cancer driver genes, suggesting that many fusions are dispensable for tumour fitness. Therapeutically actionable fusions involving RAF1, BRD4 and ROS1 were verified in new histologies. In addition, recurrent YAP1-MAML2 fusions were identified as activators of Hippo-pathway signaling in multiple cancer types. Our approach discriminates functional fusions, identifying new drivers of carcinogenesis and fusions that could have clinical implications.
Proteome-wide detection of S-nitrosylation targets and motifs using bioorthogonal cleavable-linker-based enrichment and switch technique
Authors: Mnatsakanyan Ruzanna , Markoutsa Stavroula , Walbrunn Kim , Roos Andreas , Verhelst Steven H. L. , Zahedi René P.
Published: May 2019

Cysteine modifications emerge as important players in cellular signaling and homeostasis. Here, we present a chemical proteomics strategy for quantitative analysis of reversibly modified Cysteines using bioorthogonal cleavable-linker and switch technique (Cys-BOOST). Compared to iodoTMT for total Cysteine analysis, Cys-BOOST shows a threefold higher sensitivity and considerably higher specificity and precision. Analyzing S-nitrosylation (SNO) in S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO)-treated and non-treated HeLa extracts Cys-BOOST identifies 8,304 SNO sites on 3,632 proteins covering a wide dynamic range of the proteome. Consensus motifs of SNO sites with differential GSNO reactivity confirm the relevance of both acid-base catalysis and local hydrophobicity for NO targeting to particular Cysteines. Applying Cys-BOOST to SH-SY5Y cells, we identify 2,151 SNO sites under basal conditions and reveal significantly changed SNO levels as response to early nitrosative stress, involving neuro(axono)genesis, glutamatergic synaptic transmission, protein folding/translation, and DNA replication. Our work suggests SNO as a global regulator of protein function akin to phosphorylation and ubiquitination.
Metal-organic frameworks with photocatalytic bactericidal activity for integrated air cleaning
Authors: Li Ping , Li Jiazhen , Feng Xiao , Li Jie , Hao Yuchen , Zhang Jinwei , Wang Hang , Yin Anxiang , Zhou Junwen , Ma Xiaojie , Wang Bo
Published: May 2019

Air filtration has become an essential need for passive pollution control. However, most of the commercial air purifiers rely on dense fibrous filters, which have good particulate matter (PM) removal capability but poor biocidal effect. Here we present the photocatalytic bactericidal properties of a series of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their potentials in air pollution control and personal protection. Specifically, a zinc-imidazolate MOF (ZIF-8) exhibits almost complete inactivation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) (>99.9999% inactivation efficiency) in saline within 2 h of simulated solar irradiation. Mechanistic studies indicate that photoelectrons trapped at Zn+ centers within ZIF-8 via ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT) are responsible for oxygen-reduction related reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which is the dominant disinfection mechanism. Air filters fabricated from ZIF-8 show remarkable performance for integrated pollution control, with >99.99% photocatalytic killing efficiency against airborne bacteria in 30 min and 97% PM removal. This work may shed light on designing new porous solids with photocatalytic antibiotic capability for public health protection.
Different effects of partial pressure in a high-pressure gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide and oxygen for rat heart preservation
Authors: Hatayama Naoyuki , Hirai Shuichi , Fukushige Kaori , Yokota Hiroki , Itoh Masahiro , Naito Munekazu
Published: May 2019

We maintained the function of an extracted rat heart after 24–48 h preservation in a high-pressure gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen (O2). Here, we assessed the effects of different partial pressures of hyperbaric CO and O2 for 24–48 h at 4 °C on rat heart preservation and compared conditions including immersion in University of Wisconsin solution. Preserved hearts were transplanted into recipient rats via heterotopic cervical heart transplantation for in vivo evaluation and perfused using the Langendorff system for ex vivo evaluation. The survival rate of transplanted hearts was 100% at postoperative day 7 in the CO + O2 (PCO:PO2 = 1.5:2.0 atm) group but only 33% in the CO + O2 (PCO:PO2 = 2.0:1.5 atm) group. Langendorff system and histopathological analysis revealed that the left ventricular pressure of preserved hearts in the CO + O2 (PCO:PO2 = 1.5:2.0 atm) group was better than the CO + O2 (PCO:PO2 = 2.0:1.5 atm). We demonstrate that exposure of rat hearts to hyperbaric CO and O2 is superior to the immersion method and that partial pressure of hyperbaric CO and O2 is crucial to preservation.
Bacterial succession and functional diversity during vermicomposting of the white grape marc Vitis vinifera v. Albariño
Authors: Kolbe Allison R. , Aira Manuel , Gómez-Brandón María , Pérez-Losada Marcos , Domínguez Jorge
Published: May 2019

Winemaking produces millions of tons of grape marc, a byproduct of grape pressing, each year. Grape marc is made up of the skins, stalks, and seeds remaining after pressing. Raw grape marc can be hazardous to the environment due to its low pH and high polyphenol content, but previous work has shown that grape marc can be stabilized via vermicomposting to produce organic fertilizer. Here, we utilize 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing to characterize the bacterial community composition, diversity and metabolic function during vermicomposting of the white grape marc Vitis vinifera v. Albariño for 91 days. Large, significant changes in the bacterial community composition of grape marc vermicompost were observed by day 7 of vermicomposting and throughout the duration of the experiment until day 91. Similarly, taxonomic and phylogenetic α-diversity increased throughout the experiment and estimates of β-diversity differed significantly between time points. Functional diversity also changed during vermicomposting, including increases in cellulose metabolism, plant hormone synthesis, and antibiotic synthesis. Thus, vermicomposting of white grape marc resulted in a rich, stable bacterial community with functional properties that may aid plant growth. These results support the use of grape marc vermicompost for sustainable agricultural practices in the wine industry.
Change of the relative line strengths due to the resonance induced population transfer between Fe XVII and FeXVI ions
Authors: Wu Chensheng , Gao Xiang
Published: May 2019

We present a detailed study to resolve the discrepancy between the existing theoretically estimated oscillator strengths and the recently observed result from the X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) experiment performed at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) for the intensity ratio between two of the strongest emission lines from Ne-like Fe XVII (Fe16+) ion. By including the dynamic resonance induced population transfer due to autoionization between the coexisting Fe XVII and Fe XVI (Fe15+) ions in the XFEL experiment, we are able to successfully resolve this difference in theory and experiment. Further experimental works are suggested for a more detailed understanding of the dynamic resonance processes for ions.
A 3D bioprinter platform for mechanistic analysis of tumoroids and chimeric mammary organoids
Authors: Reid John A. , Palmer Xavier-Lewis , Mollica Peter A. , Northam Nicole , Sachs Patrick C. , Bruno Robert D.
Published: May 2019

The normal mammary microenvironment can suppress tumorigenesis and redirect cancer cells to adopt a normal mammary epithelial cell fate in vivo. Understanding of this phenomenon offers great promise for novel treatment and detection strategies in cancer, but current model systems make mechanistic insights into the process difficult. We have recently described a low-cost bioprinting platform designed to be accessible for basic cell biology laboratories. Here we report the use of this system for the study of tumorigenesis and microenvironmental redirection of breast cancer cells. We show our bioprinter significantly increases tumoroid formation in 3D collagen gels and allows for precise generation of tumoroid arrays. We also demonstrate that we can mimic published in vivo findings by co-printing cancer cells along with normal mammary epithelial cells to generate chimeric organoids. These chimeric organoids contain cancer cells that take part in normal luminal formation. Furthermore, we show for the first time that cancer cells within chimeric structures have a significant increase in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine levels as compared to bioprinted tumoroids. These results demonstrate the capacity of our 3D bioprinting platform to study tumorigenesis and microenvironmental control of breast cancer and highlight a novel mechanistic insight into the process of microenvironmental control of cancer.
Neonatal exposure to an inflammatory cytokine, epidermal growth factor, results in the deficits of mismatch negativity in rats
Authors: Jodo Eiichi , Inaba Hiroyoshi , Narihara Itaru , Sotoyama Hidekazu , Kitayama Eiko , Yabe Hirooki , Namba Hisaaki , Eifuku Satoshi , Nawa Hiroyuki
Published: May 2019

Perinatal exposure to epidermal growth factor (EGF) induces various cognitive and behavioral abnormalities after maturation in non-human animals, and is used for animal models of schizophrenia. Patients with schizophrenia often display a reduction of mismatch negativity (MMN), which is a stimulus-change specific event-related brain potential. Do the EGF model animals also exhibit the MMN reduction as schizophrenic patients do? This study addressed this question to verify the pathophysiological validity of this model. Neonatal rats received repeated administration of EGF or saline and were grown until adulthood. Employing the odd-ball paradigm of distinct tone pitches, tone-evoked electroencephalogram (EEG) components were recorded from electrodes on the auditory and frontal cortices of awake rats, referencing an electrode on the frontal sinus. The amplitude of the MMN-like potential was significantly reduced in EGF-treated rats compared with saline-injected control rats. The wavelet analysis of the EEG during a near period of tone stimulation revealed that synchronization of EEG activity, especially with beta and gamma bands, was reduced in EGF-treated rats. Results suggest that animals exposed to EGF during a perinatal period serve as a promising neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia.
Efficacy and safety of the fixed combinations of tafluprost/timolol and latanoprost/carteolol
Authors: Fuwa Masahiro , Shimazaki Atsushi , Mieda Masafumi , Yamashita Naoko , Akaishi Takahiro , Taniguchi Takazumi , Kato Masatomo
Published: May 2019

In this study, we made a comparative efficacy and safety assessment of two different fixed combinations of drugs, viz., tafluprost/timolol (TAF/TIM) and latanoprost/carteolol (LAT/CAR), by determining their effects on intraocular pressure (IOP) in ocular normotensive monkeys and examining their toxic effects on ocular surface using human corneal epithelial cells. TAF/TIM was found to be more effective in lowering IOP for a longer duration compared to LAT/CAR. We found that the difference in the intensity of IOP-lowering effect was because of the differences in the strength of timolol compared with that of carteolol as a beta-adrenergic antagonist and strength of tafluprost compared with that of latanoprost as a prostaglandin analogue. In addition, TAF/TIM showed much less cytotoxic effects compared to LAT/CAR on the human corneal epithelial cells. Our findings showed that TAF/TIM is better than LAT/CAR with regard to the IOP-lowering effect in monkeys and toxicity on ocular surface.
A combined in silico and in vitro study on mouse Serpina1a antitrypsin-deficiency mutants
Authors: Eggenschwiler Reto , Patronov Atanas , Hegermann Jan , Fráguas-Eggenschwiler Mariane , Wu Guangming , Cortnumme Leon , Ochs Matthias , Antes Iris , Cantz Tobias
Published: May 2019

Certain point-mutations in the human SERPINA1-gene can cause severe α1-antitrypsin-deficiency (A1AT-D). Affected individuals can suffer from loss-of-function lung-disease and from gain-of-function liver-disease phenotypes. However, age of onset and severity of clinical appearance is heterogeneous amongst carriers, suggesting involvement of additional genetic and environmental factors. The generation of authentic A1AT-D mouse-models has been hampered by the complexity of the mouse Serpina1-gene locus and a model with concurrent lung and liver-disease is still missing. Here, we investigate point-mutations in the mouse Serpina1a antitrypsin-orthologue, which are homolog-equivalent to ones known to cause severe A1AT-D in human. We combine in silico and in vitro methods and we find that analyzed mutations do introduce potential disease-causing properties into Serpina1a. Finally, we show that introduction of the King’s-mutation causes inactivation of neutrophil elastase inhibitory-function in both, mouse and human antitrypsin, while the mouse Z-mutant retains activity. This work paves the path to generation of better A1AT-D mouse-models.
An effective strategy for creating asymmetric MOFs for chirality induction: a chiral Zr-based MOF for enantioselective epoxidation
Authors: Berijani Kayhaneh , Morsali Ali , Hupp Joseph T.
Published: May 2019

A simple and rapid procedure was used to prepare chiral NU-1000 as a robust Zr-based MOF without complexity. The functionalization of NU-1000 was performed by utilizing chirall-(+)-tartaric acidviasolvent-assisted linker incorporation, resulting in [C-NU-1000]. A Mo-complex was immobilized onto chiral NU-1000 for enantioselective epoxidation.
Modulation of the nuclearity of molecular Mg(ii)-phosphates: solid-state structural change involving coordinating solvents
Authors: Santra Biswajit , Narayanan Ramakirushnan Suriya , Kalita Pankaj , Kumar Vierandra , Mandal Debdeep , Gupta Vivek , Zimmer Michael , Huch Volker , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli , Scheschkewitz David , Schulzke Carola , Jana Anukul
Published: May 2019

The syntheses of mono-, di-, tetra-, hexa-, and polynuclear Mg(ii)-phosphate monoesters are reported.
New ternary iron(iii) aminobisphenolate hydroxyquinoline complexes as potential therapeutic agents
Authors: Matos Cristina P. , Yildizhan Yasemin , Adiguzel Zelal , Pavan Fernando R. , Campos Débora L. , Pessoa João Costa , Ferreira Liliana P. , Tomaz Ana Isabel , Correia Isabel , Acilan Ceyda
Published: May 2019

Fe(iii)-Aminobisphenolate hydroxyquinoline complexes are active anticancer drug candidates in the low micromolar range, displaying apoptosis as the mode of cell death.
Improving the efficiency of copper-dye-sensitized solar cells by manipulating the electrolyte solution
Authors: Colombo Alessia , Dragonetti Claudia , Fagnani Francesco , Roberto Dominique , Melchiorre Fabio , Biagini Paolo
Published: May 2019

The crucial role oftert-butylpyridine and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide in the performance of sustainable “full-copper” DSSCs.
Scaffold hybridization strategy towards potent hydroxamate-based inhibitors ofFlaviviridaeviruses andTrypanosomaspecies
Authors: Giannakopoulou Erofili , Pardali Vasiliki , Frakolaki Efseveia , Siozos Vasileios , Myrianthopoulos Vassilios , Mikros Emmanuel , Taylor Martin C. , Kelly John M. , Vassilaki Niki , Zoidis Grigoris
Published: May 2019

Design and synthesis of potent inhibitors with dual activity by successfully merging two distinct scaffolds into a single chemical entity.
Shape transformation and self-alignment of Fe-based nanoparticles
Authors: Hong Jeongmin , Luo Qiang , Jung Daesung , Je Soong-Geun , Kim Yooseok , Im Mi-Young , Hwang Chan-Cuk , Khizroev Sakhrat , Chung Seungjun , You Long
Published: May 2019

New types of functional material structures will emerge if shape and properties are controlled in three-dimensional nanodevices using inkjet printing technology.
Aqueous exfoliated graphene by amphiphilic nanocellulose and its application in moisture-responsive foldable actuators
Authors: Xu Xuezhu , Hsieh You-Lo
Published: May 2019

Graphene is a promising material for diverse applications, such as in composites, optoelectronics, photovoltaic cells, and energy storage devices.
I2/DMSO mediated multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of 2-arylbenzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b] thiazole derivatives
Authors: Jana Asim , Bhaumick Prabhas , Panday Anoop Kumar , Mishra Richa , Choudhury Lokman H.
Published: May 2019

A series of 2-arylbenzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b] thiazoles tethered with barbituric acid has been prepared using I2 in DMSO medium under conventional or microwave heating conditions.
Total synthesis and stereochemical revision of relgro and 10′-oxorelgro
Authors: Gaddam Janardhan , Reddy G. Sudhakar , Marumudi Kanakaraju , Kunwar Ajit C. , Yadav Jhillu S. , Mohapatra Debendra K.
Published: May 2019

The first total synthesis and correct stereochemical assignments of relgro (6′S,10′S)-configuration and 10′-oxorelgro with (6′S)-configuration are described.
Highly sensitive AlGaN/GaN HEMT biosensors using an ethanolamine modification strategy for bioassay applications
Authors: Gu Zhiqi , Wang Jin , Miao Bin , Zhao Lei , Liu Xinsheng , Wu Dongmin , Li Jiadong
Published: May 2019

We propose a highly efficient surface modification strategy on an AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor, where ethanolamine was utilized to functionalize the surface of GaN and provided amphoteric amine groups for bioassay application.
Targeting extracellular glycans: tuning multimeric boronic acids for pathogen-selective killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Guy Collette S. , Gibson Matthew I. , Fullam Elizabeth
Published: May 2019

Innovative chemotherapeutic agents that are active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are urgently required to control the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic.
Correction: Low-voltage alternating current powered polydopamine-protected copper phosphide nanowire for electroporation-disinfection in water
Authors: Huo Zheng-Yang , Liu Hai , Wang Wen-Long , Wang Yun-Hong , Wu Yin-Hu , Xie Xing , Hu Hong-Ying
Published: May 2019

Correction for ‘Low-voltage alternating current powered polydopamine-protected copper phosphide nanowire for electroporation-disinfection in water’ by Zheng-Yang Huo et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2019, 7, 7347–7354.
Establishing a Group Educational Session for Hyperacusis Patients
Authors: Perreau Ann E. , Tyler Richard S. , Mancini Patricia C. , Witt Shelley , Elgandy Mohamed Salah
Published: May 2019

Purpose

Audiologists should be treating hyperacusis patients. However, it can be difficult to know where to begin because treatment protocols and evidence-based treatment studies are lacking. A good place to start in any tinnitus and hyperacusis clinic is to incorporate a group educational session.

Method

Here, we outline our approach to establishing a hyperacusis group educational session that includes specific aspects of getting to know each patient to best meet their needs, understanding the problems associated with hyperacusis, explaining the auditory system and the relationship of hyperacusis to hearing loss and tinnitus, describing the influence of hyperacusis on daily life, and introducing treatment options. Subjective responses from 11 adults with hyperacusis, who participated in a recent clinical group education session, were discussed to illustrate examples from actual patients.

Conclusions

Due to the devastating nature of hyperacusis, patients need to be reassured that they are not alone and that they can rely on audiologists to provide support and guidance. A group approach can facilitate the therapeutic process by connecting patients with others who are also affected by hyperacusis, and by educating patients and significant others on hyperacusis and its treatment options.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8121197
MWNet: object detection network applicable for different weather conditions
Authors: Pei Liu , Yuan Xue , Dai XueRui
Published: May 2019

The existing vehicle environment perception systems remain limited with regard to the ability to detect objects under complex weather conditions. This study proposes a novel network architecture named multi‐weather network (MWNet), which can improve the performance of the on‐board object detection system under extreme weather conditions. It consists of an encoder and a decoder. The encoder is comprised of shared convolutional layers used to extract features, while the decoder consists of three subnets, namely weather classification subnet, bad weather detection subnet, and fair weather detection subnet. Moreover, the results are satisfactory even for images photographed under different weather and illumination conditions.
Dual input superboost DC–DC converter for solar powered electric vehicle
Authors: Guru Kumar Gangavarapu , Sundaramoorthy Kumaravel , Athikkal Sivaprasad , Karthikeyan Venkitusamy
Published: May 2019

The electric vehicle (EV) is becoming a more attractive solution to avoid fossil fuel usages in India. In the commercial EV, the solar PV charges the battery and simultaneously the battery drives the vehicle. Due to the structure of conventional buck‐boost bidirectional DC–DC converter, the solar PV power becomes underutilised when the battery state of charge (SOC) reaches its optimal value. In order to overcome this limitation, this study proposes a novel dual input superboost (DISB) DC–DC converter for solar‐powered EVs. The proposed converter effectively utilises the solar PV power by operating in six different modes. Also, it has the advantages of wide range of speed control and reduces the number of conduction devices in each mode, thereby enhancing the efficiency. This study presents detailed operating waveforms and dynamic analysis of the proposed DISB DC–DC converter. Furthermore, the operation and performance of proposed converter under six different modes are validated through simulation and confirmed with an experimental investigation.
Carrier‐based PWM modulation strategy for dual‐output two‐stage matrix converter
Authors: Wang Rutian , Li Chaochao , Han Xu , Liu Chuang
Published: May 2019

In order to solve the complexity of the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) strategy for dual‐output two‐stage matrix converter (DO‐TSMC), this study proposes a carrier‐based PWM (CBPWM) strategy. The topology of DO‐TSMC is introduced, and the principle of alternating SVPWM between two groups of inverters is analysed. The inverter stage switching modulation sequence is optimized by reasonable selection and distribution of zero vectors. Based on the above analysis, according to the expressions of duty ratios and the carrier, the modulation waves of the rectifier stage and inverter stage are deduced. All the modulation waves are simple and regular, without trigonometric function calculations, and no sector judgments are required. The proposed CBPWM strategy is easily implemented by using only one symmetrical triangular carrier to generate the PWM signals for the rectifier stage and inverter stage. Furthermore, based on this strategy, a modified CBPWM strategy is proposed, which assigns the action time of each inverter according to the proportional coefficient. It can adjust the output voltage range of the two inverters flexibly. Finally, the experimental results are provided to verify the feasibility and validity of the proposed method.
Improved two‐stage boost inverter with integrated control strategy
Authors: Hong Feng , Zhu Peng , Ji Baojian
Published: May 2019

In this study, an integrated control strategy is proposed which can be widely used in two‐stage boost inverters, and an improved two‐stage boost inverter is taken as an example to present the proposed integrated control idea. The presented inverter can operate in four quadrants, which can realise grid‐connected or stand‐alone inverter. With improved control strategy, it not only can reduce the number of switching times and improve the efficiency but also can reduce the harmonic contents of bridge arm voltage and further decrease the volume and weight of the filter. Therefore, the presented inverter still has the advantages in efficiency and volume when compared with single‐stage boost inverters. The operating principle, harmonic analysis, simulation and experiments are provided in this study. A 500 W prototype is established and tested, and the results of simulation and experiments verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
Thin‐film transistors based on wide bandgap Ga2O3 films grown by aqueous‐solution spin‐coating method
Authors: Chen Dazheng , Xu Yu , An Zhiyuan , Li Zhe , Zhang Chunfu
Published: May 2019

Ga2O3 is a wide bandgap oxide semiconductor material with the bandgap value only second in magnitude to diamond among known semiconductors. As a wide‐bandgap semiconductor, Ga2O3 has emerged as a new competitor to silicon carbide and III‐nitrides in various applications of ultraviolet optoelectronics and high power electronics. However, almost all the devices are based on the Ga2O3 grown by molecular‐beam epitaxy or chemical vapour deposition, which is time‐consuming and expensive. In this work, the authors report on thin‐film transistors based on wide bandgap Ga2O3 films grown by aqueous‐solution spin‐coating method. The morphological, optical and electrical properties of the films and devices are investigated using a range of characterisation techniques, whilst the effects of post‐deposition annealing are also investigated. Both as fabricated and post‐annealed Ga2O3 films are found to be very smooth and exhibit wide energy bandgaps of around 4.8 and 4.9 eV, respectively. Thin‐film transistors based on the grown Ga2O3 films show n‐type conductivity with the maximum electron mobility of 0.1 cm2/Vs.
Role of a nanoparticle on ultrasonic cavitation in nanofluids
Authors: Liu Zaiwei , Ji Chunhui , Wang Bing , Sun Shuangqiu
Published: May 2019

Ultrasonic cavitation in nanofluids improves material removal rate and surface quality. Ultrasonic cavitation in nanofluids was investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The formation and growth of nanobubbles were promoted, by nanoparticles in water systems. Three distinct impact stages were observed which were caused by the impact of the shock wave, nanojet and nanoparticle. These differed in the system without a nanoparticle. The material removal rate was primarily caused by the nanoparticle hit, a result of the nanobubble collapsing during the third impact. A mechanism of material removal in ultrasonic polishing is discussed at a nanometric level.
Inverse Lidov-Kozai resonance for an outer test particle due to an eccentric perturber
Authors: de Elía G. C. , Zanardi M. , Dugaro A. , Naoz S.
Published: May 2019

Aims. We analyze the behavior of the argument of pericenter ω2 of an outer particle in the elliptical restricted three-body problem, focusing on the ω2 resonance or inverse Lidov-Kozai resonance.

Methods. First, we calculated the contribution of the terms of quadrupole, octupole, and hexadecapolar order of the secular approximation of the potential to the outer particle’s ω2 precession rate (dω2∕dτ). Then, we derived analytical criteria that determine the vanishing of the ω2 quadrupole precession rate (dω2/dτ)quad for different values of the inner perturber’s eccentricity e1. Finally, we used such analytical considerations and described the behavior of ω2 of outer particles extracted from N-body simulations developed in a previous work.

Results. Our analytical study indicates that the values of the inclination i2 and the ascending node longitude Ω2 associated with the outer particle that vanish (dω2/dτ)quad strongly depend on the eccentricity e1 of the inner perturber. In fact, if e1 < 0.25 (>0.40825), (dω2/dτ)quad is only vanished for particles whose Ω2 circulates (librates). For e1 between 0.25 and 0.40825, (dω2/dτ)quad can be vanished for any particle for a suitable selection of pairs (Ω2, i2). Our analysis of the N-body simulations shows that the inverse Lidov-Kozai resonance is possible for small, moderate, and high values of e1. Moreover, such a resonance produces distinctive features in the evolution of a particle in the (Ω2, i2) plane. In fact, if ω2 librates and Ω2 circulates, the extremes of i2 at Ω2 = 90° and 270° do not reach the same value, while if ω2 and Ω2 librate, the evolutionary trajectory of the particle in the (Ω2, i2) plane shows evidence of an asymmetry with respect to i2 = 90°. The evolution of ω2 associated with the outer particles of the N-body simulations can be very well explained by the analytical criteria derived in our investigation.
Oscillatory migration of accreting protoplanets driven by a 3D distortion of the gas flow
Authors: Chrenko Ondřej , Lambrechts Michiel
Published: May 2019

Context. The dynamics of a low-mass protoplanet accreting solids is influenced by the heating torque, which was found to suppress inward migration in protoplanetary disks with constant opacities.

Aims. We investigate the differences in the heating torque between disks with constant and temperature-dependent opacities.

Methods. Interactions of a super-Earth-sized protoplanet with the gas disk are explored using 3D radiation hydrodynamic simulations.

Results. Accretion heating of the protoplanet creates a hot underdense region in the surrounding gas, leading to misalignment of the local density and pressure gradients. As a result, the 3D gas flow is perturbed and some of the streamlines form a retrograde spiral rising above the protoplanet. In the constant-opacity disk, the perturbed flow reaches a steady state and the underdense gas responsible for the heating torque remains distributed in accordance with previous studies. If the opacity is non-uniform, however, the differences in the disk structure can lead to more vigorous streamline distortion and eventually to a flow instability. The underdense gas develops a one-sided asymmetry which circulates around the protoplanet in a retrograde fashion. The heating torque thus strongly oscillates in time and does not on average counteract inward migration.

Conclusions. The torque variations make the radial drift of the protoplanet oscillatory, consisting of short intervals of alternating rapid inward and outward migration. We speculate that transitions between the positive and oscillatory heating torque may occur in specific disk regions susceptible to vertical convection, resulting in the convergent migration of multiple planetary embryos.
Tropenmedizin im Zeitalter hoher globaler Mobilität
Authors: Mickan Christina , Junghanss Thomas , Stojkovic Marija
Published: May 2019

Einleitung Die Schistosomiasis gehört zu den häufigsten Parasitosen weltweit und führt unbehandelt abhängig von der Parasitenlast zu intestinalen (Schistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum, S. mekongi) und urogenitalen (S. haematobium) chronischen Krankheitsmanifestationen. Die frühe Phase ist geprägt von einer Immunkomplex-vermittelten akuten Symptomatik.

Methoden Wir untersuchten 12 Schüler eines deutschen Gymnasiums, die im Rahmen eines 14-tägigen Schulausfluges in Ruanda im Kivu-See im Westen des Landes gebadet hatten. Nach Rückkehr nach Deutschland erkrankte einer der Schüler an einer akuten Schistosomiasis (Katayama-Syndrom), was die Untersuchung und Therapie der anderen Schüler zur Folge hatte.

Ergebnisse Die bei der Erstvorstellung erhobenen positiven Antikörperresultate wiesen bei allen Schülern auf eine Schistosoma-Infektion hin. Bei 9 Patienten bestand eine Eosinophilie im Differenzialblutbild, bei 3 Patienten wurden Eier von S. mansoni im Stuhl nachgewiesen. 11 der 12 Schüler waren bei der Vorstellung in unserer Ambulanz asymptomatisch. Alle Patienten erhielten eine ambulante Therapie mit Praziquantel und eine 12-monatige Nachsorge.

Diskussion Fernreisen in tropische Regionen werden immer häufiger, schulische und universitäre Partnerschaften, sowie humanitäre Einsätze führen bereits junge Menschen in Entwicklungsländer. Tropenspezifische Erkrankungen werden in Zukunft aufgrund der hohen globalen Mobilität in nicht-endemischen Ländern zunehmen. Für deren Prävention und Diagnostik ist eine über die Spezialambulanzen hinausgehende Sensibilisierung der Ärzteschaft erforderlich. Die Erkrankung verläuft häufig asymptomatisch, eine Dunkelziffer an nicht erkannten Infektionen kann daher nicht ausgeschlossen werden. Bei dem Verdacht oder der Behandlung einer Schistosomiasis sollte immer ein spezialisiertes Zentrum hinzugezogen werden.