bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First Record of Pachnoda interrupta Olivier Outbreak on Sorghum, Pearl Millet and Sunflower in Sudan
Authors: Abdalla Tag Elsir Elamin , Babiker Sara Abdelraheem , Mohamed Mohamed Yonis
Published: April 2023

During the autumn season of 2011, an outbreak of the sorghumchafer Pachnoda interrupta Olivier (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) occurred forthe first time in Sudan on four genotypes of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor),four of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and eight of sunflower(Helianthus annuus) in the Gezira Research Station Farm. The objectiveof this study was to quantify the damage caused by the sorghum chafer tothese crops. The percentage of infested panicles (PIP), infested discs(PID), panicle damage (PPD) and disc damage (PDD) and number ofbeetles per panicle/disc were determined. Two sorghum genotypes(Jumbo and Pannar) showed tolerance to the beetle, as they scored thelowest PIP and PPD, whereas the other two (Kambal and Sugar graze)were highly susceptible. All pearl millet genotypes showed highsusceptibility, scoring a range of 92.9-94.2 PIP and 98.2-98.8 PPD.Alexandra sunflower genotype showed high tolerance, securing "zero"PID and PDD; Pac 361, Pan 7033, Pan 7351 and Hysun 33 genotypesshowed tolerance; Sirena and ARC 310 had comparatively high discattraction and grains sensitivity, and Pac 317 showed the highest discattraction and seed sensitivity to the beetle. The study concluded that P.interrupta has become a new potential serious pest of sorghum, pearlmillet and sunflower in Sudan. Infestation is variety/hybrid dependentwith sorghum and sunflower hybrids, and all tested pearl millet genotypeswere highly sensitive to the beetle.
Production and Characterization of Cellulase Enzyme Produced by Bacillus Isolates from Different Sources
Authors: Elkhalil Elhadi A. I. , Gaffar Fatima Y.
Published: April 2023

This study was conducted to produce and characterize cellulaseenzymes from Bacillus isolates and to determine the optimum conditionsfor cellulase activity. Four Bacillus isolates were used: iso 9+ fromcompost and iso13, iso23 and iso20 from soil. The four isolates (9+, 23,13 and 20) gave average cellulase activities of 2.89, 3.12, 3.48 and 3.53Unit/ml, respectively. The pH optimum for cellulases from the fourisolates was 6, and the temperature optima were 45, 60, 60 and 80°C,respectively. Cellulases from isolates 13 and 23 were more thermostableand retained 40.2% and 21.9% of their initial activities after incubationfor 110 min at 90°C. Cellulase was produced under solid statefermentation conditions in maize cobs, sorghum stover or bagassepretreated with 2% hydrochloric acid from the above four isolates as wellas from two more isolates (iso4- and iso2-) which were isolated from cowdung. Maximum cellulase activity was 3.78 Unit/ml from isolate 4- usingbagasse and maize cobs as substrate. These results demonstrated thatBacillus isolates 13, 23, 20 and 9+ produced active thermostableextracellular cellulase. Bagasse and maize cobs are suitable as substraesfor production of the enzyme cellulase under solid state fermentation.
Marketing Patterns of Dairy Producers in Khartoum State
Authors: Mohamed Elwasila M. , Fawi Nahid M. Tawfik
Published: April 2023

This research aimed at studying marketing patterns of dairyfarm producers in Khartoum state, in addition to studying theircontribution in the promotion of marketing of dairy products. Theimportance of the research evolves from the importance of implementingmodern marketing strategies in the conventional agricultural marketingespecially the dairy sector. To achieve the objectives of the research,primary data was collected through distributing questionnaires to 60 diaryfarms producers in Khartoum state, who had been selected by a stratifiedquota sampling procedure. By using descriptive statistical methods ofanalysis (frequency distributions), some results were reached mostimportant of which are: most of the producers set price according tosupply and demand, they pay great attention to quality of products to gainand retain the consumers, and most of them didn't use promotion as astrategy to increase sale which indicates poor participation of farmers inmarketing efforts. The study reached some conclusions include; thenecessity of establishing milk collection centers to assist lowering milkconsumer price, and creating marketing awareness in the producers' sectorthrough implementing extension workshops and seminars
Impact of Salinity and Sodicity on Crop Growth and Physicochemical Properties of Some Aridisol and Vertisol Soils in Sudan: A Review
Authors: Mustafa Mukhtar Ahmed
Published: April 2023

Comprehensive field and laboratory studies were undertaken toinvestigate the performance of some crops on salt-affected soils in Sudan.To separate salinity and sodicity indicators some laboratory studies wereconducted on soils equilibrated with mixed NaCl-CaCl 2 solutions. Therelative hydraulic conductivity (RHC) or diffusivity increased withincrease in total salt concentration (C) and decrease in exchangeablesodium percentage (ESP). A dispersion index (DI), a swelling index (SI),shrinkage volume and modulus of rupture increased with increase in ESPand decrease in C. The data showed a highly significant linear decrease inRHC with increase in DI or SI. The threshold salt concentrations (THC),which gave 75% of the highest RHC, and ESP relationships, wereobtained for samples from an Aridisol and a Vertisol soils.. The salinityprofile obtained after intermittent leaching with water suggested thepresence of a desalinized zone followed by a salinized one with thehighest salt concentration below the wetting front. The depth of thedesalinized zone increased significantly with increase of the amount ofwater stored (r2 = 0.968) and the length of the wetting front (r2 = 0.974).Soil amendments promoted salt leaching in the following order: Sand>chicken manure> water hyacinth> gypsum> dry sewage> farm yardmanure> control. Cumulative evaporation (E) for the various amendments
Moisture Desorption and Adsorption Chareteristics of Gum Arabic from Acacia senegal and A. seyal
Authors: . Ahmed Zeinab A.A , Abdelgadir Abdelazim Yassin
Published: April 2023

The objective of this paper was to study the moisture isothermscharacteristics of gum Arabic produced by Acacia senegal and A. seyal.The equilibrium moisture content of the gum was determined by thestandard static gravimetric methods using various saturated salts solutionsin closed desiccators to provide a range of RH of 0 to 96%. Gum sampleswere placed in these desiccators, and kept inside the oven at specifiedtemperature (30, 40, 50 and 60°C) until equilibrium moisture content wasobtained. Desorption and adsorption isotherms of gum Arabic exhibitedsigmoid curves and indicated clear hysteresis effect. The statisticalanalysis indicated that the relationship between equilibrium moisturecontent and RH could be well explained by third-order polynomialfunctions. Equilibrium moisture content increased with increase in RHbut decreased with increase in temperature
Effects of Irrigation Interval and Planting Spacing on the Establishment and Growth of Faidherbia albida (Del.) A. Chev. Transplants in Arid Land Soils
Authors: Sebit Ruaa
Published: April 2023

The study aimed to assess the establishment of Faidherbiaalbida transplants under the effect of irrigation intervals and plantingspacing in the field conditions. It consisted of three irrigation intervals of5, 10 and 15 days and three planting spacings of 1x1 m, 1x2 m, and 2x3m; and it was conducted in the premises of the Forest Research Center,Khartoum, during May 2008 to June 2009. The results showed that thetemporal growth rate of F. albida shoot heights was greater in winter(November-February), but it was seriously slowed during the summerperiod (March-June). The shoot height, diameter and biomass growth ofF. albida increased with decreasing irrigation intervals; the growth ofthese parameters was highest in 5 days interval and lowest in 15 daysinterval. Planting spacings had no direct definite effect on F. albidaseedlings’ growth parameters. Even though, in the longer irrigationintervals, transplants’ growth tented to be greater in the wider spacing.Root biomass development seemed to be higher in the longer irrigationinterval regimes. There were no significant differences in the foliarnutrient content of the transplants between the different irrigationintervals. The values of mineral elements measured in this study areindicative of moderate nutrient supply for the F. albida transplants
Methods of Cultivation and Crop Productivity in Rain-fed Mechanized Schemes in Sennar State, Sudan
Authors: Ali Eltom EL Sadig , Elnadi Abdel Muhsin Hassan
Published: April 2023

The objective of this study was to obtain baseline informationabout the methods of cultivation and crop productivity in the RainfedMechanized Schemes (RMS) in Sennar State. Forty farmers were selectedfrom Eldindir, Singa and Sennar localities. The data collected was in theform of questionnaires, meetings and group discussion with farmers. Thequestionnaire was designed to obtain information about the area perscheme, areas allocated for cultivation, cultural practices, crops grown,and their yields. SSPS software programme was used for data analysis.The results revealed that the largest scheme areas were at Singa followedby EL Dindir and the smallest areas were at Sennar. Farmers at Sennarallocate all the area for crop cultivation, whereas at EL dindir and Singa,53.4 and 66.7% of the farmers allocate area for cropping and the rest forforest, respectively. Sorghum and millet are grown in all localaties, whilesesame and sunflower are grown only at EL dindir and Singa localities.Land preparation in all locations started by clearance of trees andperennial bunch grasses. Sowing is by wide level disc planter in ELDindir and Singa, while in Sennar, sowing is by seed broadcast andridging. In all localities weeding is manually after two or three weeksfrom sowing and some farmers use herbicides in combination withmanual weeding. None of the farmers use fertilizers and pesticides. Noproper crop rotation is applied in all localities. All farmers harvestsorghum and millet manually and mechanical threshing, while sesame isharvested manually and sunflower mechanically. The yields of all growncrops are low and not exceeding an average of 414, 252, 207 and 255 kgseeds per feddan for sorghum, millet, sesame and sunflower,respectively.
Evaluation of Some Herbicides for Weed Control in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Northern Sudan
Authors: Idris Khogali, I. , Mohamed Elsadig S.
Published: April 2023

A field trial was conducted at Hudeiba Research Station Farm,River Nile State, Sudan, during 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004winter seasons. The objective was to evaluate the activity and selectivityof three pre-emergence herbicides for weed control in wheat. Theherbicides treatments were pendimethalin (Stomp) at 1.2, 1.8 and 2.4 kga.i. ha-1, oxyfluorfen (Goal) at 0.24, 0.36 and 0.48 kg a.i ha -1 andoxadiazon (Ronstar) at 0.72, 1.08 and 1.44 kg a.i ha -1 . The prevailingweed species in the experimental sites were Ipomoea sp, wild mustard(Sinapis arvensis L.), common beet (Beta vulgaris L.), sweet signal grass[Brachiaria eruciformis (Sm)] and Bermuda grass [Cynodon dactylon (L.)Pers.]. The results showed that the losses in grain yield of wheat, due toweeds competition, were 37%, 29% and 21% for seasons 2001/2002,2002/2003 and 2003/2004, respectively. The herbicide pendimethalin, atall rates tested, showed no phytotoxicity symptoms on wheat. The higherrates of oxadiazon and oxyfluorfen, however, showed slight phytotoxicityto the wheat crop. All herbicide treatments of Ronstar and Goal resultedin good to excellent control (72%–97%) of both grassy and broad-leavedweeds. The herbicide pendimethalin displayed excellent activity againstgrasses and poor to satisfactory activity (0%-67%) against broad-leavedweeds. The weed Cynodon dactylon tolerated all herbicide treatments.With the exception of Stomp, all herbicide treatments significantlyincreased wheat grain yield compared to the weedy check.
Chemical Weed Control in Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)
Authors: Mahgoub Babiker, M. , Elamin Salah A. , Abdelmagid Faiza M.
Published: April 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the Demonstration Farmof the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Sudan, during2012/2013 and 2013/2014 seasons, to determine the magnitude of growthand yield losses in grain sorghum crop due to weed competition, and toevaluate the effects of three herbicides viz, sorgoprim, gesaprim and tankmixture of 2,4-D and gesaprim at three rates of each in addition to aweed-free and a weed- infested treatments i.e. eleven treatments. Theexperiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with fourreplications. The results showed that when the weeds were left to competewith the sorghum crop throughout the season, the reduction percentages inthe seedlings’ dry weight, plant height and plant shoot dry weight in2012/13 were 55.4, 39,2 and 47.2 respectively; reductions in the sameparameters were 74.4, 39.1 and 45.4 respectively in 2013/14. Untreatedweeds – infested control, coupled with weed index (WI) of 65%–66%,inflicted considerable reductions in crop grain number/ plant of 60.1% in2012/13 and 61.4% in 2013/14, grain weight/plant of 66.3% in 2012/13and 66% in 202013/14 and on yield( ton/ha) by 65% in 2012/13 and by66% in 2013/14. All herbicide treatments irrespective of rate ofapplication, resulted in a good to excellent weed suppression. Herbicidesweed control efficiency (WCE) for 2012/13 and 2013/14 ranged from56% to 99% for broad-leaved weeds and from 39% to 97% for grassyweeds. The mixture tank of 2, 4-D + gesaprim @ 0.76L/ha + 0.6 Kg/hatreated sorghum reduced the WI to 2.5% in 2012/13 and to 3.2% in2013/14 and resulted in values of crop grains number/plant, grains weight/plant and yield significantly comparable to weed-free treatment.
Effect of Wood Extractives on the Equilibrium Moisture Content of Six Sudanese Hardwood Species
Authors: Ahmed Zeinab A. A. , Abdelgadir Abdelazim Yassin , Abdalla Ashraf Mohameed Ahmed
Published: April 2023

The objective of this investigation was to study the effect ofextractive content on the wood sorption isotherms of six Sudanese hardwoodspecies i.e. Acacia nilotica, A.senegal, Anogeissus leiocarpus, Boswelliapapyrifera, Ailanthus excelsa and Calotropis procera growing in North andSouth Kordofan States. For each species, wood samples were collected fromsix trees, from which specimens were prepared. The effect of extractives onequilibrium moisture content was studied by comparing the equilibriummoisture content of hot water extracted and unextracted wood. Experimentalequilibrium moisture content values for extracted and unextracted specimenswere obtained at different levels of relative humidity. These specimens wereplaced in a closed desiccator, which contained saturated salt solution ordifferent concentrations of sulphuric acid to maintain relative humidity andthen kept in an oven at the specified temperature (60 ○C) until equilibriummoisture content was obtained. Desorption and adsorption isotherms of thesix wood species exhibited sigmoid curves. The results showed directrelationship between equilibrium moisture content and relative humidity thatcould be well explained by third-order polynomial functions. The effect ofextraction was significant at few relative humidity values in some species;unextracted wood had higher equilibrium moisture content than extractedwood.
Exploring the Connection Between YouTube Channel Content and Average View Duration in Higher Education Marketing
Authors: Akbari Deni Adha , Edison Rizki Edmi
Published: April 2023

This study explores the connection between YouTube channel content and average view duration (AVD) in higher education marketing by examining the top five videos from the UhamkaTV YouTube channel in 2022. A quantitative analysis of AVD data with qualitative content analysis of the selected videos is employed to investigate the relationship between content characteristics and AVD. The findings from this research aim to contribute to the existing body of knowledge on the effectiveness of YouTube as a marketing channel for higher education institutions. By identifying the specific content characteristics that lead to higher AVD, this study offers valuable insights for higher education institutions seeking to optimize their YouTube marketing strategies and maximize viewer engagement. Ultimately, this research has the potential to inform the development of more effective marketing approaches, leading to increased brand awareness, student engagement, and enrolment rates in higher education institutions.
Spectrum of Movement Disorders in Niemann-Pick Disease Type C
Authors: Devaraj Rashmi , Mahale Rohan R. , Sindhu D. M. , Stezin Albert , Kamble Nitish , Holla Vikram V. , Netravathi M. , Yadav Ravi , Pal Pramod Kumar
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is an autosomal recessive neurovisceral lipid storage disorder caused by mutations in theNPC 1or2genes. Movement disorders can occur as the first symptom and as predominant symptom mainly in juvenile-onset. The frequency and heterogeneity of movement disorders in NPC are not well described. We studied the frequency and spectrum of movement disorders in patients with NPC of different age of onset.Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients with NPC diagnosed based on the Suspicion Index tool and demonstration of foamy macrophages/sea-blue histiocytes in bone marrow aspirate.Results: We report 9 cases of NPC with 2 patients of late-infantile, 4 juvenile-onset and 3 of adult-onset. The mean age at onset of symptoms was 11.7 ± 10.4 (range 4–38 years) and the median duration of illness was 4 years. Vertical supranuclear gaze palsy (VSGP) was noted in 8 patients and VSGP with slowing of saccade in 1 patient. Splenomegaly was seen in 5 patients. Movement disorders as the first symptom occurred in 4 patients. Dystonia was the first symptom in 2 patients and cerebellar ataxia in 2 patients. Cerebellar ataxia occurred during the course of illness in 5 patients, dystonia in 6 patients. One patient with late-infantile NPC had stimulus-sensitive myoclonus.Conclusion: Movement disorders are common in NPC and occur as a presenting symptom. Cerebellar ataxia and dystonia are the most common movement disorder in NPC. Vertical supranuclear gaze palsy along with the movement disorders should lead to clinical suspicion of NPC.
A participação cultural na era digital. O que medir e por quê?
Authors: Sacco Pier Luigi
Published: April 2023

A participação cultural mediada digitalmente é muitas vezes considerada mais inclusiva do que a tradicional participação pré-digital. Entretanto, existe uma expectativa superotimista com relação à capacidade das ferramentas e plataformas digitais de ampliar o pool de produção de conteúdo cultural. A mídia digital atual, incluindo as redes sociais mais voltadas para a criação de conteúdo plug-and-play[1], reflete uma lógica pré-digital de transmissão de conteúdo por uma elite de criadores. Precisamos considerar novas formas de participação digital fundamentadas na criação coletiva como paradigmas transformacionais de mudança comportamental e social.
Die Verführung zur Güte. Beiträge zur Pädagogik im 21. Jahrhundert. Festschrift für Erwin Rauscher
Authors: Schörg Christine , Sippl Carmen
Published: April 2023

Dieser Band versammelt Beiträge, die Impulse geben für die Pädagogik im 21. Jahrhundert als eine „Verführung zur Güte“. Unter den von Erwin Rauscher formulierten Leitsätzen „Perspektive formt Raum – Raum macht Lernen – Lernen ändert Verhalten – Verhalten prägt Gesellschaft – Gesellschaft braucht Perspektive“ als Klammer bilden sie ein Mosaik an wissenschaftlichen, essayistischen, künstlerischen Texten. Theoretische Neugierde, methodische Experimentierfreude, empirische Breite und praktisches Engagement verbinden die Beiträge zu den Themenfeldern, die jene Erwin Rauschers widerspiegeln: Schulpädagogik, Schulentwicklung, Schulmanagement, Schulinnovation, Schulautonomie, Inklusion, Migration/Integration, Schulmathematik, Schulleitung/Führungskultur, Theater/Kunst/Kultur, Religionspädagogik. Mit Texten von Herbert Altrichter, Gerald Bast, Andreas Bieringer, Gudrun Biffl, Maria-Luise Braunsteiner, Ines Maria Breinbauer, Ivo Brunner, Margareta Divjak-Mirwald, Michael Eichmair, Heinz Fassmann, Roland Fischer, Roland Girtler, Ulrike Greiner, Thomas Haase, Thomas A. Henzinger, Franz Keplinger, Elisabeth Knipf-Komlósi, Christa Koenne, Wolfgang Kofler, Konrad Krainer, Marlies Krainz-Dürr, Michael Langer, Reinhold Leinfelder, Konrad Paul Liessmann, Fritz Lošek, Elgrid Messner, Arthur Mettinger, Johanna Mikl-Leitner, Stefan Michael Newerkla, Alfred S. Posamentier, Peter Posch, Manfred Prenzel, Diana Radmann, Franz Rauch, Roland Reichenbach, Johannes Riedl, Christa Schnabl, Andreas Schnider, Lutz-Helmut Schön, Kurt Scholz, Michael Schratz, Ilse Schrittesser, Ulrike Sych, Christiane Teschl-Hofmeister, Peter Webinger, Alois Wurm, Stefan Zehetmeier und Illustrationen von Leopold Maurer.
Role of Parent-Teacher Partnership in Learners’ Academic Performance
Authors: Luna Raquel , Del Valle Jasper
Published: April 2023

This study was purposely conducted to develop a parent-teacher partnership program to improve learners’ academic performance in English 4 by determining learners’ academic performance, perception of the parent-child relationship, and on parental involvement in six categories as to parenting, communicating, volunteering, learning at home, decision-making, and collaborating with the community. Descriptive research design was utilized through survey method wherein 24 Grade IV learners under modular distance learning modality were purposively selected as respondents. Learners’ perception on parent-child relationship showed positive relationship, while learners’ perception on parental involvement in six categories indicated high involvement. Results showed a significant relationship between the parent-child relationship and parental involvement. However, there is no significant relationship between academic performance in English on their perception of the parent-child relationship and parental involvement. The study suggested that Parent-Teacher Association officers along with teachers may conduct a classroom-based program to assist learners at risk in English. Teachers may also review the parent-teacher partnership program so that it will be aligned with the learning needs of their students.
Influencing Factors on the Selection of Language Learning Centres: Empirical Evidence from Myanmar
Authors: Mon Aye Mya
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to analyse the factors considered by the learners in choosing a language learning centre in Myanmar as an overview of the competitive advantage in the rapidly transforming cutthroat and globalised market competition. Deductive approach was applied as the base of conducting the study with exploratory research design using survey questionnaire in which the related quantitative and qualitative questions distributed to 108 students. The qualitative and quantitative data interpreted revealed two prominent factors, TV advertising and financial factor, have no impact on the students’ selection decision. However, the other three factors, social media advertising, academic quality, and social influence, have significant impact on the students’ decision of selecting a language institute. The competitive advantages based on the user experience have been identified as well. Because the research area is limited to only five influential factors, the number of variables can merely cover the narrow scope of the research area to foreground the whole resemblance of the students’ selection behaviour and attitude. However, the results imply that competitive advantage in the highly competitive market requires strategic formulation of marketing strategies.
Rezension von: Gütl, Clemens, Johann Ludwig Krapf
Authors: Raupp Werner , Gütl Clemens
Published: April 2023

Clemens Gütl: Johann Ludwig Krapf. «Do' Missionar vo' Deradenga» zwischen pietistischem Ideal und afrikanischer Realität. (Beiträge zur Missionswissenschaft und interkulturellen Theologie, Band 17). Lit Verlag Münster 2001.174 Seiten. Pappband € 20,90. ISBN 3-8258-5525-2
Rezension von: Neesen, Claudia Maria, Gabriel Bucelin OSB (1599-1681)
Authors: Setzler Wilfried , Arndt Claudia Maria
Published: April 2023

Claudia Maria Neesen: Gabriel Bucelin OSB (1599-1681). Leben und historiographisches Werk. (Stuttgarter historische Studien zur Landes- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte, Band 3). Jan Thorbecke Verlag Ostfildern 2003. 470 Seiten. Broschiert € 59,-. ISBN 3-7995-5553-6
Rezension von: Hauer, Wolfram, Lokale Schulentwicklung und städtische Lebenswelt
Authors: Binder Hans-Otto , Hauer Wolfram
Published: April 2023

Wolfram Hauer: Lokale Schulentwicklung und städtische Lebenswelt. Das Schulwesen in Tübingen von seinen Anfängen im Spätmittelalter bis 1806. (Contubernium. Tübinger Beiträge zur Universitäts- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Band 57). Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart 2003. XXVII, 653 Seiten. Kartoniert € 100,-. ISBN 3-515-07777-4
Rezension von: Historischer Führer Bottwartal-Marbach
Authors: Waibel Raimund
Published: April 2023

Historischer Führer Bottwartal-Marbach. Verlag Oertel+ Sporer Reutlingen 2003.176 Seiten mit vielen farbigen Abbildungen. Broschiert € 14,90. ISBN 3-88627-266-4
Multicenter retrospective cohort study: Using trends in liver function tests to predict spontaneous passage of common bile duct stones in choledocholithiasis
Authors: Bidarmaghz Bardia , Sabat Nestor , Sharma Aditya , McGregor Hugh , Wong Jason
Published: April 2023

Aim: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the modality of choice in patients who are diagnosed with choledocholithiasis, but it carries potentially life-threatening risks and is not readily available in rural hospitals. Due to the lack of access to this service, trend of liver function tests is often used to predict the spontaneous passage of common bile duct (CBD) stone to prevent performing a negative ERCP. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the trend of liver function tests can be used to predict passage of common bile duct stone in patients who have radiological evidence of choledocholithiasis.

Methods: The liver function tests (LFTs) of patients diagnosed with choledocholithiasis at two separate hospitals in New Zealand and Australia were collected at two points retrospectively. The change in LFT values between diagnosis and immediately prior to ERCP was analyzed.

Results: Total of 409 patients were selected with 108 (26%) and 301 (74%) patients from Australia and New Zealand, respectively. Demographic and LFT values were statistically different between the two centers, but the female sex was significantly predominant in both. Cumulative data showed that 37% of patients diagnosed with choledocholithiasis had no stone during the ERCP procedure. Increased age was statistically significant in patients with a persistent stone on ERCP. Importantly, there was no statistical difference between LFT values of patients with persistent gallstones shown on ERCP compared to those who have passed their gallstones spontaneously. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was significantly associated with a persistent gallstone (p = 0.041), but its clinical value is questionable.

Conclusion: Decreasing trend in LFTs and their individual components are poor predictors of persistent gallstones in patients diagnosed with choledocholithiasis. Two-thirds of these patients have persistent stones and ERCP remains an important diagnostic and therapeutic modality for patients at significant risk of disease complications.
The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Quality of Work Life, Workload, and Burnout in Intensive Care Nurses
Authors: ERBAY DALLI Öznur , YILDIRIM Yasemin
Published: April 2023

Objective: To examine the quality of work-life, workload, and burnout in ICU nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey.

Methods: Cross-sectional online survey study conducted. The data were collected with the Nurse Information Form, Quality of Nursing Work Life Scale (QNWLS), Individual Workload Perception Scale-Revised (IWPS-R), and Burnout Measure-Short version (BMS). For a better understanding of the impact of the pandemic, nurses were asked to evaluate the questions on these scales twice, taking into account the working conditions/environment in the (1) pre-pandemic and (2) pandemic periods.

Results: A total of 249 nurses were included. Total and subscales of QNWLS, IWPS-R and BMS scores indicated significantly lower quality of work life, high workload and burnout during the pandemic period compared to pre-pandemic (128.12±10.86 vs. 71.46±7.37 points for QNWLS; 101.93±8.98 vs. 61.09±7.41 points for IWPS-R; 20.93±2.03 vs. 56.02±2.46 points for BMS; p=0.001 for all). A significant correlation was found between nurses' workload and burnout level and their work hours in the pandemic ICU, weekly work hours, and the nurse:patient ratio (p
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF TRAYS IN ATMOSPHERIC FRACTIONATION COLUMN WITH SOUTH PALEMBANG DISTRICT (SPD) CRUDE OIL FEED
Authors: Achmad Faisal Faputri  , Indah Agus Setiorini
Published: April 2023

Distillation's role is to separate the components it separates based on the boiling point of each component to produce the desired product with the principle of evaporation, namely the evaporation of components. In the industrial world the role of fractional distillation is very important. This study aims to design a fractional distillation apparatus, to know the process and performance of the column and the theory of fractionation separation with the role of column support facilities. Using raw material in the form of 10 liters of SPD crude oil, the separation is divided into three fractions. Then the product from the top section is the gasoline fraction with a temperature range of 28 - 165 ¬¬oC, the middle section is the kerosene fraction with a temperature range of 165 - 300 oC, and the bottom part is the diesel fraction with a temperature range of 300 - 350 oC. So it can be concluded that the distillation column is in accordance with the desired calculation of the raw materials used.
Prevalence of depression in patients on hemodialysis
Authors: Mazharulhaq  , Rafique Kashif , Ahmad Zahid , Khan Adil Umer , Arshad Ayesha , Ilyas Kulsoom
Published: April 2023

Objective: To determine the prevalence of depression in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: Institute of Kidney Diseases Hayatabad, Peshawar and PAF Hospital Islamabad for the duration from December 2021 to May 2022. Methodology: Two hundred and twenty patients on hemodialysis of either gender with ages 25-70 years were enrolled. Detailed demographics were recorded after taking informed written consent. Patients' Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) questions were used to determine the frequency of depression. Severity of depression was also examined. Data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0. Results: There were 135 (61.36%) males while 85 (38.64%) patients were females. Mean age of patients was 46.85±12.38 years. Mean time duration of hemodialysis was 5.25±2.46 years. Depression was found in 160 (72.73%) patients, among them 30 (13.64%) patients had mild, 75 (34.09%) had moderate and 55 (25%) had severe depression. Patients on hemodialysis less than 5 years found more depressive as compared to >5 years. (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that the prevalence of depression in patients of hemodialysis was high.
Trainee clinical psychologists’ views on the facilitators and barriers to cognitive behavioural practice: A thematic exploration
Authors: Rodwell Devon , Kent Tom , Hale Lucy
Published: April 2023

This evaluation aims to provide insight into trainees’ experience of delivering cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) whilst on placement. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse data from a focus group consisting of trainees on a selected clinical doctorate programme. Results highlighted the importance of supervisors’ CBT background, teaching focused on the structure and the providing of materials, and trainees’ reactions to CBT. Future directions were suggested for enhancing CBT training and further evaluation.
Historis Pendidikan Islam di Nusantara
Authors: Muthoharoh Miftakhul , Ronal madiih Ahmad
Published: April 2023

Pendidikan islam di Nusantara muncul seiring dengan masuknya islam ke Nusantara, Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia terus berlanjut dan berkembang. Pada era awal masjid dijadikan sebagai tempat ibadah dan tempat menuntut ilmu. Ketika pemanfaatan masjid sudah optimal, maka lahirlah pesantren yang kemudian menjadi cikal bakal pendidikan Islam di Indonesia. Keberadaan pesantren justru mendorong munculnya lembaga pendidikan Islam lainnya. Diantaranya, madrasah, pesantren, dan perguruan tinggi Islam. Penelitian ini merupakan studi literatur tentang perkembangan pendidikan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review dengan mengambil data dari literature yang berhubungan dengan masalah penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejarah pendidikan islam di Indonesia.
Penggunaan Media Gambar Seri dalam Melatih Keterampilan Menulis Laporan Sederhana Siswa MI Kelas Rendah
Authors: Syamsudin Syamsudin , Hanif Abdulloh , Rofida Ira
Published: April 2023

Artikel ini merupakan hasil observasi terkait dengan kurangnya minat siswa dalam menulis serta siswa kesulitan dalam mendeskripsikan sesuatu. Hal ini terlihat ketika siswa mendapat tugas untuk membuat laporan berdasarkan pengamatan pada sebuah gambar. Siswa kesulitan dalam menuangkan buah pikirannya, hanya menulis benda-benda yang ada dalam gambar dan belum mampu membuat sebuah kalimat yang baik. Untuk itu, guru perlu membiasakan siswa dengan kegiatan menulis deskripsi dan menjadikan kegiatan menulis deskripsi sebagai suatu hal yang menyenangkan untuk mencapai standar kompetensi keterampilan menulis laporan sederhana dan menumbuhkan budaya menulis deskripsi pada siswa. Hal tersebut diperlukan proses pembelajaran yang menyenangkan yakni dengan menerapkan sebuah media pembelajaran yang menyenangkan, salah satu media yang dapat digunakan adalah media gambar seri. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif, metode kuantitatif ialah metode penelitian yang berlandaskan pada filsafat positivisme, digunakan untuk meneliti pada populasi atau sampel tertentu. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian pra-eksperimen atau pre-experimental. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah “One Group Pretest-Posttest Design”. Hasil penelitian penggunaan media gambar seri efektif dalam melatih keterampilan menulis laporan sederhana siswa MI kelas rendah. Hal ini ini dapat dilihat dari tes hasil belajar siswa setelah diterapkan pembelajaran menulis laporan sederhana melalui media gambar seri menunjukkan bahwa skor rata-rata siswa mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan yaitu lebih tinggi 87,58 dibanding dengan pretest atau sebelum dilaksanakan perlakuan yakni 55,41. Berdasarkan uji t test, t hitung > t tabel atau -  13,5 > 1,714 dapat disimpulkan bahwa H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Hal ini dapat diartikan bahwa penggunaan media gambar seri efektif dalam melatih menulis laporan sederhana.
Penerapan Pendekatan Behavioral dengan Teknik Modeling untuk Meningkatkan Kemandirian Anak Tunagrahita SDLB Negeri Sumbang Bojonegoro
Authors: Hafid Abd. , Fajrotuz Zahro , Indah , Anjar Kasih Devi
Published: April 2023

Anak tunagrahita adalah anak yang memiliki IQ dibawah rata-rata, oleh sebab itu anak tunagrahita sulit berkembang dan lemah dalam segi intelektual anak tunagrahita juga mengalami kesulitan dalam melaksanakan kegiatan sehari-hari saja mereka sangat bergantung kepada orang lain. Dilihat dari segi lainnya ank tunagrahita adalah anak yang bisa dibimbing dan diubah sedikit demi sedikit menjadi lebih mandiri. Oleh sebab itu dibutuhkannya guru atau pendamping untuk melakukan bimbingan kemandirian dengan teknik behaviour. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemandirian anak tunagrahita di SLB Negeri Sumbang Bojonegoro. Untuk mengetahui apa saja hambatan saat pelaksanaan bimbingan, dan untuk mengetahui bagaimana hasil setelah dilakukannya bimbingan dengan pendekatan behavioral. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif merupakan suatu proses kegiatan penelitian yang menggambarkan secara keseluruhan dari data-data yang ada, tanpa menggunakan rumusan-rumusan statistika atau pengukuran. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya peningkatan pada fase perlakuan. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh bimbingan kemandirian di SLB Negeri Sumbang Bojonegoro.
Subcutaneous Emphysema and Pneumomediastinum after Dentoalveolar Surgery. Why does this still happen? Case Series
Authors: Alejandro Allen Samuel
Published: April 2023

Some complications are frequent in dentoalveolar surgery, such as pain, hemorrhage and infection. There are other very rare complications such as subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum, which can be caused by the use of high speed dental turbines with compressed air during the third molar extraction, or any other tooth. These can lead to other more serious complications, including mediastinitis, cardiac tamponade, obstruction of the respiratory tract, simple or tension pneumothorax, and pneumoperitoneum. Severe infections can also be caused by polluted air from the turbine and oral bacterias. This report describes a series of rare cases of subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum that happened after dentoalveolar surgery, where the high-speed handpiece with compressed air was used. Although there is no scientific evidence to indicate its use, in some Latin American countries it continues to be a common practice.
Tannin determination in young coconut coir (Cocos nucifera L.) by FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy
Authors: Sari Yelfira
Published: April 2023

The coir of young coconut is the largest by product of coconut. Young coconut coir has no important industrial uses and until now has been incinerated or dumped without control. This is because the utilization of young coconut coir is not easy as the old one. Tannin has pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor This study aims to determine tannin in young coconut coir (Cocos nucifera L.) using a complementary analytical technique, Fourier Transform Infra-RedFTIR) and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Sample of young coconut coir was obtained from the waste of bargainer at the local market. Sample was maserated using ethanol as the solvent and then was evaporated to get concentrated extract.  The FTIR and UV-Vis spectra showed that the sample was indicated to contain tannin. The presence of tannin was indicated by appearance of peak at 283 nm and 326 nm in UV-Vis spectra and in the region between 1610-1445 cm-1 by FTIR. This research is an early stage in the characterization of tannin compounds from young coconut coir extract. It is expected that waste have economic value in the future.
Analyzing Spelling Errors Committed By English as a Second Language (ESL) Learners At Secondary School Level
Authors: Imtiaz Muhammad , Hassan Khawaja Hisham Ul , Akmal Farhana
Published: April 2023

Analyzing spelling errors committed by English as a second language (ESL) learners at secondary school level was the major purpose of the present research. Deliberating which types of spelling errors do the English learners committed and what are the causes behind the committing spelling errors was the main purpose of the current research. It was case study research design based on cross-sectional survey design in nature by applying qualitative research approach. Population for the present study was comprised all students of 10th class of the Govt. High school Kangan Pur which was situated in district Kasur. Data was collect from 45 students of the 10th class which were selected by applying purposive sampling technique via structured group interview protocol. Interview protocol was pilot tested by different English teaching experts. On the bases of their instruction, interview protocol was modified for final application. Thematic analysis was done of the gathered information. It was covered that majority of the pupils committed omission, substitution, insertion, transition spelling errors. The most committed type of spelling error is ‘omission error’. They felt difficulty in writing correct spelling due to lack of vocabulary, reading habits, development of self-concept, motivation, spelling system. Moreover, mother tongue, education system, untrained English teacher, poor reading and listening skill of students, and proofreading are the causes of committing spelling errors. The major cause of committing spelling error by English as a second language (ESL) learners at secondary school level is native language.
Effectiveness of Female Head Teachers Managerial Skills in Improving Teachers Performance
Authors: Ullah Zahid , Khan Muhammad Ismail , Farooqi Ruhma , Khan Danyal , Nida
Published: April 2023

This paper intends to examine public secondary school head teachers competencies and their influence on teacher’s instructional decisions as well the overall school culture. This research paper endeavor to unravel secondary school principal’s managerial competencies and their influence on the performance of secondary school principals and such influence will help to stimulate and transform sophisticated school environment that will make strengthen student’s cognitive, affective as well psychomotor domains. Current study will cover following objective: “To determine the effectiveness of head teacher’s managerial skills on teacher’s academic performance at secondary school level”. Research design utilized for this study is of descriptive qualitative nature. Respondents of the study were secondary school principals/head Masters and secondary school teachers. Population of this research composed of all the 83 females’ secondary and 37 higher secondary schools. Sample of the study extracted from the population were 60 principals/ head masters and 120 secondary school teachers. Through proper consultation the researchers developed data collection instrument titled: “Principals’ Managerial Skills Scale”. Mean, Standard deviation was employed as a statistical data analysis tools. Data analysis was followed by conclusion to render realistic recommendations for the establishment of sophisticated school management.
Kemoterapi Alan Hastalara Bakım Veren Aile Üyelerinin Yaşam Kalitesi Ve Etkileyen Faktörler
Authors: ÇALIŞIR KUNDAKÇI Şule , YÜRÜGEN Birsen
Published: April 2023

Amaç: Bu araştırma, kemoterapi hastalarına bakım veren aile üyelerinin yaşam kalitesini belirlenmek amacıyla yapıldı.

Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipte olan bu çalışma, 2018 yılında özel bir hastanenin kemoterapi ünitesinde yapıldı. Çalışmaya kemoterapi tedavisi gören 120 hastanın aile üyesi katıldı. Veriler “Hasta Yakınlarını Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu’’ ve “Aile-Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği’’ ile toplandı.

Bulgular: Bakım verenlerin %55.8’nin kadın, %82.5’inin evli, %61,7’sinin çalışmadığı, %55’inin eşler olduğu belirlendi. Aile üyelerinin fiziksel sağlıklarının kötü olmadığı, psikolojik durumları ve ekonomik etkilenme durumlarının orta düzeyde olduğu tespit edildi. Tanıya yaklaşımlarına bakıldığında, endişe verici ve üzücü olarak ifade ettikleri görüldü. Yaş, eğitim, medeni durum, meslek, çocuk sahibi olma değişkenlerinin aile –yaşam kalite düzeylerini etkilemediği belirlendi. Kadın bakım vericilerin yaşam kalitelerinin ve duygusal yaklaşımlarının daha kötü olduğu, çalışanların ekonomik olarak daha çok etkilendiği saptandı. Hastayla olan ilişkisi olumsuz etkilenen aile üyelerinin fiziksel sağlıklarının daha çok bozulduğu görüldü. Hasta yakınlarının %58’i bakım sürecinde sağlık personellerinden destek almak istediklerini ve %49,2’si bunu telefon ile almak istediğini belirtti.

Sonuç: Araştırmanın sonucunda, bakım veren aile üyelerinin yaşam kalitesinin, orta düzeyde etkilendiği belirlendi.
On The Topolpgical Properties of Pairwise Compactness in Intuitionistic Double Topological Spaces
Authors:   Sudan University of Science and Technology, Faculty Of Science, Khartoum, Sudan, Al-basheer Othman Al
Published: April 2023

The concept of intuitionistic topological space was introduced by Coker. The aim of this paper is to discuss the relation between bi-topological spaces and double-topological spaces and give a notion of pairwise compact for double topological spaces.
1848 İhtilâllerinin Osmanlı Devleti Üzerine Etkileri: Bosna Örneği
Authors: IŞIN Semra
Published: April 2023

Osmanlı Balkanlarının önemli eyaletlerinden biri olan Bosna’da, 1848 İhtilâlleri esnasında ihtilâl cemiyetleri ve ayrılıkçı düşünceye sahip kişilerin etkisiyle huzursuzluk başlamış; Saraybosna ve Travnik gibi merkezlerde asayiş bozulmuş, ayaklanmalar patlak vermiş ve mali sıkıntılar yaşanmıştır. Bosna’daki bu olayların arkasındaki ihtilâl yanlılarının girişimlerine hem Hırvatlar ve Sırplar hem de Müslüman tebaadan kimseler destek vermiştir. Bahsi geçen unsurların temelde ortak bir hedefleri olmasa dahi çıkarları doğrultusunda iş birliği yapmış ve Bosna halkını Osmanlı yönetimine karşı kışkırtmışlardır. İhtilâlci cemiyetlerin ve Slavların ayrılıkçı faaliyetleri bölgede huzursuzluklara yol açmış olsa da daha ziyade Müslüman erkân Bâbıâli için sorun teşkil etmiştir. Nitekim Bosna Valisi Tahir Paşa idaresindeki yerel yönetime de ihtilâl sırasında en çok bu kesime karşı nasıl bir siyaset izleneceği konusu sıkıntı yaratmıştır. Bu bağlamda ihtilâlleri önlemek amacıyla askerî tedbirlere ağırlık verilirken, gizli soruşturmalar yapılarak bölgedeki olaylara hâkim olunmaya çalışılmıştır.
THE 2300, 1260, 1290, AND 1335 DAYS IN DANIEL AND THEIR LITERAL FULFILMENT DURING THE MACCABEAN WAR
Authors: Ngai Hannington Gitonga
Published: April 2023

The 2300, 1290, 1335, and the supposed 1260 days in Daniel have received varied reckonings depending on the interpretation method to which one subscribes. The current study examines the direct speech of the angel speaking to Daniel and, based on these words, tries to investigate whether there might be possible interpretation errors in the existing popular interpretative views. To do this, the study examines and derives meaning from the direct speech of the angel himself. The research findings show that the ‘1260’ and the 1290 days are actually two versions of one and the same dispensation (running from around 167 BC when the temple was defiled by Antiochus (IV) Epiphanes-163 BC when Antiochus died). Just like the ‘1260’ and the 1290 days, the 1335 days also start around 167 BC and end in 163 BC. Finally, the 2300 days start from the murder of Onias III in 171 BC to the cleansing of the sanctuary by Judas Maccabeus in 164 BC. Thus, a keen analysis of the angel’s actual words will reveal that these days actually concerned precise timings on particular future events that were to transpire during the fierce Maccabean war between the Jews and the Seleucids, meaning they were to be literal not prophetic/symbolic days.
“SYMBIOSIS” IN THE WASTELAND — ON THE CONSCIOUSNESS OF ANDROGYNY IN THE CEMENT GARDEN
Authors: Meng Yang
Published: April 2023

The Cement Garden is Ian McEwan’s first novella, which contains a number of themes. This paper focuses on the analysis of the “masculinity” emanated from the female character Julie and the “femininity” implied by the male character Jack in this work through the application of the “androgyny” theory mainly based on Virginia Woolf. It further illustrates that McEwan tries to maintain the psychological gender balance in the moral wasteland by shaping characters with androgynous characteristics. In the social survival structure, men and women are mutually complementary and dialectically integrated. Only by overcoming their respective onesided bias and self-sufficiency, can they achieve a perfect combination of masculinity advocating facts, rationality and logic and femininity rich in imagination, emotion and intuition. Its highest ideal is to pursue a “symbiosis” state of “androgyny” and “bisexual harmony” of psychological gender.