bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Better Than Most
Authors: Sabarwal Shwetlena , Kacker Kanishka , Habyarimana James
Published: March 2019

Do teachers have accurate beliefs about their effort and ability? This paper explores this through a survey experiment in public-private partnership schools in Uganda, wherein teacher self-beliefs are contrasted with their beliefs about other teachers in the same school. The study finds that, on average, teachers tend to rate ability, effort, and job satisfaction more positively for themselves than for other teachers. This tendency is called high relative self-regard. The study finds no systematic evidence of high relative self-regard around perceptions of student engagement quality and available support structures. More experienced teachers are less likely to exhibit high relative self-regard, while teachers showing low effort are more likely to exhibit it. This is analogous to the Dunning-Kruger effect in psychology, except respondents rate themselves as better than most (not better than average) and variation is explored over effort (not cognitive ability). High relative self-regard is less pronounced in owner-managed public-private partnership schools, suggesting that when principle-agent problems are less severe, schools find ways to correct for inaccurate teacher self-beliefs. These results provide suggestive evidence of cognitive biases that help teachers rationalize suboptimal effort in the classroom. This in turn points to the importance of providing objective feedback to teachers about their effort and performance as one potential way to improve their performance. Teacher self-beliefs are important areas of intervention because they are likely to affect how teachers optimize their effort and training investments. Self-beliefs are also likely to affect how teachers respond to changes in incentive and accountability regimes.
Is Optimization an Opportunity?
Authors: Coupé Tom , Olefir Anna , Alonso Juan Diego
Published: March 2019

Using a rich data set of almost the entire population of Ukrainian secondary schools, the authors estimate the effect of school size and class size on the performance of secondary schools on Ukraine’s External Independent Test. They find that larger schools tend to have somewhat better performance, both in terms of test scores and in terms of test participation. The size of this effect is relatively small, however, especially in rural areas for which the estimates are likely to be more clean estimates. Class size is found to be insignificant in most specifications and, if significant, of negligible size.
The Decision to Invest in Child Quality over Quantity
Authors: Dang Hai-Anh , Rogers Halsey
Published: March 2019

During Vietnam’s two decades of rapid economic growth, its fertility rate has fallen sharply at the same time that its educational attainment has risen rapidly—macro trends that are consistent with the hypothesis of a quantity-quality tradeoff in child-rearing. This paper investigates whether the micro-level evidence supports the hypothesis that Vietnamese parents are in fact making a tradeoff between quantity and quality of children. The paper presents data on private tutoring—a widespread education phenomenon in Vietnam—as a new measure of household investment in children’s quality combining it with traditional measures of household education investments. To assess the quantity-quality tradeoff, the paper instruments for family size using the distance to the nearest family planning center. IV estimation results based on data from the Vietnam Household Living Standards Surveys (VHLSSs) and other sources show that families do indeed invest less in the education of schoolage children who have larger numbers of siblings. This effect holds for several different indicators of educational investment and is robust to different definitions of family size, identification strategies, and model specifications that control for community characteristics as well as the distance to the city center. Finally, estimation results suggest that tutoring may be a better measure of qualityoriented household investments in education than traditional measures like enrolment, which are arguably less nuanced and less household-driven.
Bangladesh Skills for Tomorrow’s Jobs
Authors: Raju Dhushyanth
Published: March 2019

The Skills for Tomorrow’s Jobs in Bangladesh attempts to address key skills challenges and identify opportunities in the backdrop of fast technological and economic changes. It proposes mid to long-term strategic policy options that would contribute to economic growth and job creation in Bangladesh with a focus on post-secondary education and skills development sectors. It aims to inform the Government and the World Bank’s jobs agenda.

The study draws upon relevant literatures from international and national sources, the government’s surveys and education statistics, and analytical works undertaken by the World Bank and other agencies. Moreover, the study was extensively informed and guided by knowledge and insights gathered through the experience from the World Bank funded operations and series of consultations on skills for future jobs with relevant stakeholders in Bangladesh.
Understanding Effective Teaching Practices in Chinese Classrooms
Authors: Coflan Andrew , Ragatz Andrew , Hasan Amer , Pan Yilin
Published: March 2019

This study documents the results of a pilot study jointly undertaken by the World Bank and the Guangdong Department of Education to assess teaching practices in public primary and junior secondary schools using the Classroom Assessment Scoring System tool. The tool was used to conduct classroom observations on an illustrative sample of 36 teachers in three counties across Guangdong. The pilot tested whether such a tool could be used to measure the strengths and weaknesses of teaching practices in the Chinese context. It also informed how classroom observations can be more consistently applied in the province’s Quality Assurance and Monitoring and Evaluation system. On average, teachers in this sample scored high on classroom organization, but lower on emotional support and instructional support. While there was substantial variation in performance across teachers, there was only modest variation by county, urban versus rural school location, teacher type, grade, and years of experience. Teachers who believed that students should be the focus of instruction (those who espouse student-centered learning) scored significantly higher across all domains than teachers who believed that teachers should be the focus of instruction (those who espouse teacher-centered learning). Together the results from this pilot provide insights into how teacher training can address the most critical gaps in teaching practices.
Introducing a Performance-Based School Grant in Jakarta
Authors: Al-Samarrai Samer , Shrestha Unika , Hasan Amer , Nakajima Nozomi , Santoso Santoso , Wijoyo Wisnu Harto Adi
Published: March 2019

This paper evaluates the early impact of introducing a performance component into Jakarta’s school grant program on learning outcomes. Using administrative data, it applies difference-in-differences and regression discontinuity approaches to identify the impact of the grant by exploiting differences in program coverage over time, as well as by comparing changes in test scores between schools that received the additional performance award with schools that did not. The paper finds that the introduction of the performance component had different impacts on government primary and junior secondary schools. The program improved learning outcomes for primary schools at the bottom of the performance distribution and narrowed performance gaps across schools. However, improvements in equity were also driven by negative impacts of the program on better performing primary schools. Overall, the program reduced primary examination scores albeit by a small amount. In contrast to the results at the primary level, the performance component improved examination scores in government junior secondary schools. However, the impact seemed to be greatest among better performing schools and has therefore widened performance gaps. The findings also suggest that program impact was largely through competition between schools to receive the performance component. There is little evidence that the additional resources schools received from the award had any additional impact. The evaluation utilized preexisting administrative data and the paper offers some suggestions on how education information systems can be strengthened to create more robust feedback loops between research and policy.
Average and Marginal Returns to Upper Secondary Schooling in Indonesia
Authors: Carneiro Pedro , Lokshin Michael , Ridao-Cano Cristobal , Umapathi Nithin
Published: March 2019

This paper estimates average and marginal returns to schooling in Indonesia using a non-parametric selection model estimated by local instrumental variables, and data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey. The analysis finds that the return to upper secondary schooling varies widely across individual: it can be as high as 50 percent per year of schooling for those very likely to enroll in upper secondary schooling, or as low as ?10 percent for those very unlikely to do so. Returns to the marginal student (14 percent) are well below those for the average student attending upper secondary schooling (27 percent).
The Jordan Education Initiative
Authors: Bannayan Haif , Guaqueta Juliana , Obeidat Osama , Patrinos Harry Anthony , Porta Emilio
Published: March 2019

The Jordan Education Initiative, launched in 2003 under the umbrella of the World Economic Forum, is a publicprivate partnership, or multi-stakeholder partnership, that integrates information and communication technologies into the education process as a tool for teaching and learning in grades 1–12. This initiative fits within the ongoing reform of the education system in Jordan that began in the 1990s. The Jordan Education Initiative’s main objective is to help Jordanian students develop critical knowledge economy skills crucial for competitiveness and economic growth. The Initiative also seeks to build the capacity of the local information technology industry for the development of innovative learning solutions, and to build a sustainable model of reform supported by the private sector that could be scaled nationally and replicated in other developing countries.
School Costs, Short-Run Participation, and Long-Run Outcomes
Authors: Evans David K. , Ngatia Múthoni
Published: March 2019

Access to school has risen dramatically in recent decades, with large gains from reducing costs. Few studies report long-term impacts, however. This paper reports the impact of an educational intervention that reduced out-of-pocket schooling costs for children in poor communities in Kenya by providing school uniforms. The program used a lottery to determine who would receive a school uniform. Receiving a uniform reduced school absenteeism by 37 percent for the average student (7 percentage points) and by 55 percent for children who initially had no uniform (15 percentage points). Eight years after the program began, there is no evidence of sustained impact of the program on highest grade completed or primary school completion rates. A bounding exercise suggests no substantive positive, long-term impacts. These results contribute to a small literature that demonstrates the risk of fade-out of initial impacts of education investments.
The Impact of Secondary Schooling in Kenya
Authors: Ozier Owen
Published: March 2019

This paper estimates the impacts of secondary school on human capital, occupational choice, and fertility for young adults in Kenya. The probability of admission to government secondary school rises sharply at a score close to the national mean on a standardized 8th grade examination, permitting the estimation of causal effects of schooling in a regression discontinuity framework. The analysis combines administrative test score data with a recent survey of young adults to estimate these impacts. The results show that secondary schooling increases human capital, as measured by performance on cognitive tests included in the survey. For men, there is a drop in the probability of low-skill self-employment, as well as suggestive evidence of a rise in the probability of formal employment. The opportunity to attend secondary school also reduces teen pregnancy among women.
Private School Participation in Pakistan
Authors: Nguyen Quynh , Raju Dhushyanth
Published: March 2019

Private schooling is an important feature of the educational landscape in Pakistan and is increasingly a topic of public and government discourse. This study uses multiple rounds of national household sample surveys to examine the extent and nature of private school participation at the primary and secondary levels in Pakistan. Today, one-fifth of children—or one-third of all students—go to private school in Pakistan. Private school students tend to come from urban, wealthier, and more educated households than do government school students and especially out-of-school children. Important differences exist across Pakistan's four provinces with respect to the characteristics of private school students relative to government school students, as well as in the composition of private school students. Private schooling is highly concentrated, with a few districts (situated mainly in northern Punjab province) accounting for most of the private school students. Private school participation among children varies largely from one household to another, rather than within households, and to a greater extent than does government school participation. The spatial patterns of private school supply are often strongly correlated with the spatial patterns of private school participation. In the 2000s, private school participation rates grew in Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces and across socioeconomic subgroups, contributing in particular to the growth in overall school participation rates for boys, children from urban households, and children from households in the highest wealth quintile. Nevertheless, the composition of private school students has become less unequal over time. This trend has been driven mainly by Punjab province, which has seen declines in the shares of private school students from urban households and households in the highest wealth quintile.
Teacher Performance Pay
Authors: Barrera-Osorio Felipe , Raju Dhushyanth
Published: March 2019

This paper presents evidence from the first three years of a randomized controlled trial of a government-administered pilot teacher performance pay program in Punjab, Pakistan. The program offers yearly cash bonuses to teachers in a sample of public primary schools with the lowest mean student exam scores in the province. Bonuses are linked to three school-level indicators: the gain in student exam scores, the gain in school enrollment, and the level of student exam participation. Bonus receipt and size are also randomly assigned across schools according to whether or not the teacher is the school’s head. On average, the program increases school enrollment by 4.1 percent and student exam participation rates by 3.4 percentage points, both in the third year. The analysis does not find that the program increases student exam scores in any year. Mean impacts are similar across program variants. The positive mean impact on school enrollment is mainly seen in urban schools and the positive mean impact on student exam participation rates is only seen in rural schools.
An Alternative Estimate of School-based Management Impacts on Students’ Achievements
Authors: Yamauchi Futoshi
Published: March 2019

This paper aims to estimate the impact of school-based management on students’ test scores in the Philippines. Estimation results using double differencing combined with propensity score matching show that school-based management increases the average national achievement test score by 4.2 points over three years. The increase in mathematics reached 5.7 points. This is larger than the estimate previously reported from the Philippines, probably because the sample schools had learned about implementation of school-based management from experiences accumulated in other provinces that introduced it earlier. The empirical results also show that schools with experienced principals and teachers are eager to introduce school-based management.
Heat transport pathways into the Arctic and their connections to surface air temperatures
Authors: Mewes Daniel , Jacobi Christoph
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Arctic amplification causes the
meridional temperature gradient between middle and high latitudes to
decrease. Through this decrease the large-scale circulation in the
midlatitudes may change and therefore the meridional transport of heat and
moisture increases. This in turn may increase Arctic warming even further. To
investigate patterns of Arctic temperature, horizontal transports and their
changes in time, we analysed ERA-Interim daily winter data of vertically
integrated horizontal moist static energy transport using self-organizing
maps (SOMs). Three general transport pathways have been identified: the North
Atlantic pathway with transport mainly over the northern Atlantic, the North
Pacific pathway with transport from the Pacific region, and the Siberian
pathway with transport towards the Arctic over the eastern Siberian region.
Transports that originate from the North Pacific are connected to negative
temperature anomalies over the central Arctic. These North Pacific pathways
have been becoming less frequent during the last decades. Patterns with
origin of transport in Siberia are found to have no trend and show cold
temperature anomalies north of Svalbard. It was found that transport patterns
that favour transport through the North Atlantic into the central Arctic are
connected to positive temperature anomalies over large regions of the Arctic.
These temperature anomalies resemble the warm Arctic–cold continents
pattern. Further, it could be shown that transport through the North Atlantic
has been becoming more frequent during the last decades.
Communicating the amount of windstorm induced forest damage by the maximum wind gust speed in Finland
Authors: Valta Hannu , Lehtonen Ilari , Laurila Terhi K. , Venäläinen Ari , Laapas Mikko , Gregow Hilppa
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Windstorms are natural disturbance agents in forests playing a role in
natural forest regeneration. In Finland, the most severe individual
windstorms have commonly damaged 2–4 million m3 of timber. In addition
to financial losses caused to forest owners, windthrown trees have in many
cases seriously disrupted the functionality of the national power grid.
Communicating windstorm risks in duty forecasting is difficult. In this
study, we aimed at developing windstorm impact estimates for forest damage in
Finland to help the forecaster to improve communication of the risks of
windstorms. We have compared the volume of forest damage caused by the most
intense windstorms in Finland during the recent decade to the observed
maximum inland wind gust speeds associated with the same windstorms. It was
found out that the volume of forest damage follows approximately a power
relation as a function of wind gust speed with a power of ∼10. This is
a tentative estimate because of a short time series and small number of
inspected windstorms. Moreover, also wind direction, location of the affected
area and soil properties among other factors have an impact to the amount of
damage as illustrated in our inspection. Despite the shortness of the time
series, we believe that our results demonstrating the steep increase in the
impacts of windstorms with an increasing windstorm intensity are valuable.
However, more detailed investigations with longer time series are needed in
order to more specifically communicate the windstorm risks and their impacts
in boreal forests.
Drought reduces tree growing season length but increases nitrogen resorption efficiency in a Mediterranean ecosystem
Authors: Lobo-do-Vale Raquel , Kurz Besson Cathy , Caldeira Maria Conceição , Chaves Maria Manuela , Pereira João Santos
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Mediterranean ecosystems are hotspots for climate change, as the
highest impacts are forecasted for the Mediterranean region, mainly by more
frequent and intense severe droughts. Plant phenology is a good indicator of
species' responses to climate change. In this study, we compared the spring
phenology of cork oak trees (Quercus suber), an evergreen species,
over 2 contrasting years, a mild year (2004) and a dry year (2005), which
was the most severe drought since records exist. We evaluated the timing of
occurrence, duration, and intensity of bud development, budburst, shoot
elongation, trunk growth, and leaf senescence (phenophases) and assessed the
nitrogen resorption efficiency from senescent to green leaves. The
temperature was the main driver of budburst. Nevertheless, water had the main
role of constraining all the other phenophases by strongly reducing the growing
season length (−48 %) and consequently the tree growth. Basal area
increment was the most affected growth variable (−36 %), although
it occurred at a similar rate in the 2 years. Shoot elongation was also
reduced (−21 %), yet elongation occurred at a higher rate in the dry
year compared to the mild year. Leaf senescence during the bulk period was higher
in the dry year, in which leaves were shed at the same rate over a longer
period. Nitrogen concentrations in green and senescent leaves were affected
by drought and nitrogen resorption efficiency increased remarkably
(+22 %). Our results highlight the importance of studying different
phenological metrics to improve our understanding of the ecosystem's responses
to climate change. The faster dynamics observed in shoot elongation, while
all other phenophases developed at the same rate, indicate that leaf area
development is privileged in cork oak. Water availability was the main driver
of spring growth in this Mediterranean ecosystem; however, growth may be
affected by complex interplays between precipitation and temperature, such as
higher temperatures during dry winters or heatwaves during spring, that are
likely to result in water stress. Longer studies are needed to disentangle
those interplays. Finally, a higher nitrogen resorption efficiency in
response to drought appears to be an adaptive trait that mitigates the
limitation in nitrogen uptake by the roots during drought and contributes to
improving tree fitness in the short term but will probably exert a negative
feedback on the nitrogen cycle in the long term, which might affect the
ecosystem functioning under the forecasted droughts.
METODOLOGIA PARA AVALIAÇÃO DO ESCOAMENTO SUBSUPERFICIAL EM VERTENTES
Authors: De Sousa Flavio Alves
Published: March 2019

O estudo teve como objetivo criar uma proposta metodológica para examinar a dinâmica do fluxo subsuperficial da água nas vertentes, considerando que a mesma possa ser aplicada em todo tipo de domínio climático e do tipo de solo/cobertura, exceto em locais onde predominam coberturas constantes por neve ou gelo. Para tanto, foram realizados trabalhos de campo e análises de laboratório e a ideia central é avaliar o quanto é escoado superficialmente após um evento chuvoso e quanto flui em subsuperfície ao nível de até 100 cm e, finalmente, predizer o quanto é infiltrado para o lençol freático. O experimento foi desenvolvido em uma vertente com área de 16.657 m2 localizada na fazenda da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus de Jataí-GO. A vertente analisada apresenta declividade de 3,7° onde predomina Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro distroférrico com textura franco-argilosa. Utilizou-se durante o experimento que durou de agosto de 2017 a janeiro de 2018 medidas do escoamento superficial, coleta de amostras indeformadas de solos, avaliação da umidade dos solos em profundidades de 30, 60 e 100 cm, e foram registrados os volumes de chuva durante o período do experimento. Do total de chuva que chegou à superfície 20,444% escoaram, 61,78% foram armazenados no solo, 17,77% infiltraram para o lençol freático e 0,006% fluíram em subsuperfície ao longo da vertente.
A TOMADA DE TURNO EM UM CONTEXTO DE FALA-EM-INTERAÇÃO INSTITUCIONALIZADA: A AULA DE LÍNGUA ESPANHOLA
Authors: ÁLVARES Margarida Rosa , FERREIRA Maria Cristina Faria Dalacorte
Published: March 2019

Este artigo objetiva expor parte de uma investigação sob a perspectiva da Análise da Conversa Etnometodológica (ACE). A pesquisa contou com dados que foram gerados em contexto de sala de aula de língua espanhola em um curso de graduação em Letras/Espanhol de uma universidade pública goiana, com um grupo de treze participantes. Apresentamos, neste trabalho, dados referentes ao turno em contextos de fala-em-interação. Analisamos, ao longo do trabalho, momentos de trocas de turno e observamos, ao final do processo, que a tendência da professora era manter o turno por mais tempo, provavelmente, por entender que é papel do professor preencher os silêncios com turnos de fala, especialmente, quando não há auto seleção por parte das demais participantes. Houve, porém, uma alteração de comportamento em um segundo momento, em que foi possível perceber um maior equilíbrio entre turnos de alunas e professora, e é esse o panorama que pretendemos explicitar.
FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES PARA O TRABALHO COM TEXTOS AUDIOVISUAIS: UMA PROPOSTA DE LEITURA DO GÊNERO VIDEOANIMAÇÃO
Authors: FERREIRA Helena Maria , ALMEIDA Patricia Vasconcelos
Published: March 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma proposta de leitura de uma videoanimação e, por consequência, uma análise do referido gênero, tecendo considerações para sua utilização em sala de aula. Apoiando-nos na teoria dos gêneros textuais/discursivos, na semiótica social e na linguagem cinematográfica, buscaremos dar destaque à importância de promover, ainda durante o processo de formação docente, uma experiência didático-metodológica no uso desse gênero a fim de possibilitar aos futuros profissionais experiências de trabalho com as múltiplas linguagens. As possibilidades de análise apresentadas comprovam a necessidade de se repensar a formação docente para as questões emergentes da inserção da tecnologia de informação e comunicação como material didático-pedagógico no cotidiano escolar, bem como a importância de se oferecer ao professor, em seu percurso formativo, subsídios para (re)pensar sua prática de ensino da leitura.
FORMAÇÃO CONTÍNUA DE PROFESSORES: A ORGANIZAÇÃO CRÍTICO-COLABORATIVA PARA TRANSFORMAÇÃO
Authors: MAGALHÃES Maria Cecília Camargo
Published: March 2019

Com base em Vygotsky (1930, 1934) e em pesquisadores atuais que discutem a organização colaborativo-crítica dos contextos de formação contínua na escola, este artigo discute a relação entre colaboração, contradição e os contextos de formação contínua como lócus de inserção de transformações na escola. Entende a formação de formadores como um coletivo que, por meio de relações mútuas e dialéticas entre todos os participantes do contexto escolar (professores, gestores, alunos) e fora dele (pesquisadores), juntos discutem a realidade específica da escola em relação às mudanças socioculturais e políticas do mundo e colaborativamente agem para a transformação da escola e da sociedade.
O ETHOS DE PROFESSORAS EM FORMAÇÃO INICIAL NAS PRÁTICAS AUTORREFLEXIVAS DO PIBID
Authors: NASCIMENTO Cássia , SANTOS Lúcia De Fátima
Published: March 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a constituição do Ethos de professoras em formação inicial, em experiências desenvolvidas no Pibid/Letras/Ufal. Os dados analisados foram obtidos em diários reflexivos produzidos por professoras participantes do Pibid com base nas aulas de Língua Portuguesa, ministradas por uma professora em formação continuada, como também sobre oficinas de leitura e produção de textos realizadas por professoras em formação inicial. Para fundamentar esta pesquisa, consideramos os estudos sobre ethos de Amossy (2008); Charaudeau (2006); Maingueneau (2001; 2005; 2008) e Souto Maior (2009); no que se refere à disciplina em sala de aula, recorremos a Franco (1986); Morales (1998); Vasconcellos (1994) e Pirola (2007). A constituição do Ethos das professoras em formação inicial sobre disciplina motiva ressignificações sobre o próprio entendimento de educação escolar, como também sobre os posicionamentos do professor no cotidiano da sala de aula.
A FOTOGRAFIA NAS AULAS DE HISTÓRIA - POTENCIALIDADES
Authors: Silva Júnior Astrogildo Fernandes , Martins da Silva Davi Aragão
Published: March 2019

O presente artigo aborda a potencialidade da fotografia no Ensino de História a partir do uso de imagens fotográficas retiradas da obra “Trabalhadores – uma arqueologia da era industrial” do fotógrafo brasileiro Sebastião Salgado. Foram feitas revisão bibliográfica que possibilitou compreender como a fotografia pode ser percebida como fonte histórica, e análise do desenvolvimento de Projeto de Ação Didática realizado na Escola Estadual João Pinheiro em Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais. O Projeto foi desenvolvido em quatro turmas do sexto ano. Os resultados revelaram que o trabalho com fotografias nas aulas de história contribuiu para religar saberes, ampliar a leitura de mundo, e para a formação histórica e crítica dos estudantes.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DE LUDWIK FLECK PARA O ENTENDIMENTO DA PRODUÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO CIENTÍFICO EM UM AMBIENTE ACADÊMICO DE CARÁTER MULTIDISCIPLINAR
Authors: RODRIGUES CLAUDIO MANUEL
Published: March 2019

Ludwik Fleck, renomado serologista e genuíno representante da Escola Polonesa de Filosofia da Medicina, tem peculiar contribuição no campo da Filosofia Científica do início do século XX, sendo considerado pioneiro na abordagem sociológica do conhecimento. Este artigo busca descrever alguns aspectos importantes na produção do conhecimento científico em um ambiente acadêmico de caráter multidisciplinar, utilizando-se de conceitos de coletivo do pensamento, gênese e determinação de um fato científico, inovação e rede de colaboração científica à luz de alguns autores que repercutiram mais recentemente suas ideias.
A VIOLÊNCIA E OS CONTOS: ANÁLISE DA SUAVIZAÇÃO DE CONTEÚDOS VIOLENTOS EM A BELA ADORMECIDA
Authors: Lisboa Joel Victor Reis
Published: March 2019

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral investigar a possível suavização de conteúdos originalmente violentos em uma versão mais antiga e uma mais recente do conto A Bela Adormecida, sendo elas: 1) Sole, Luna e Talia (1634), escrito pelo italiano Giambattista Basile (1575?-1632) e  a releitura do mesmo conto, intitulada La Belle au bois dormant (1697), escrita pelo francês Charles Perrault (1628-1703). Ademais, temos como objetivos específicos explorar o contexto socio-histórico das duas versões do conto em questão, assim como levantar variáveis que possam ter contribuído para a eventual ressignificação dos dados referentes à violência. Como procedimentos metodológicos, primeiramente foi feita a leitura da tradução do conto mais antigo, com o intuito de identificar e coletar as manifestações de violência e, em seguida, realizamos a leitura da versão mais recente, a fim de entender a ressignificação dos dados referentes à violência. Na sequência foi feita a exposição de modificações identificadas a partir da leitura das duas versões do conto e, por fim, fizemos a revisão da literatura afim de explorar o panorama sócio-histórico em busca de possíveis variáveis que contribuíram para a eventual suavização de tais conteúdos de teor violento. De acordo com Darnton (1988, p. 26), “os contos populares são documentos históricos, surgiram ao longo de muitos séculos e sofreram diferentes transformações, em diferentes tradições culturais”. Em vista disso, é relevante que haja estudos exploratórios que busquem explicações para essas modificações nos elementos que compunham os contos originais fazendo relações com os momentos históricos a que as diferentes versões dos contos de fadas pertencem. Esperamos por meio desse trabalho estimular a reflexão sobre a relação entre sociedade e produção literária em diferentes momentos da história.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Liu Maggie
Published: March 2019

Aquatic Science and Technology (AST) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AST publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 1Augusto E. Serrano, University of the Philippines Visayas, The PhilippinesDavid Kerstetter, Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center, USALevent BAT, Sinop University Fisheries Faculty, TurkeyTai-Sheng Cheng, National University of Taiwan, Taiwan Maggie LiuAquatic Science and TechnologyMacrothink Institute*************************************5348 Vegas Dr.#825Las Vegas, Nevada 89108United StatesTel: 1-702-953-1852 ext. 524Fax: 1-702-420-2900E-mail: ast@macrothink.orgWebsite: http://ast.macrothink.org
USINA HIDRELÉTRICA DE BELO MONTE: ANÁLISE MULTITEMPORAL DA PRODUÇÃO DE ENERGIA E IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS
Authors: Lemos da Costa Savannah Tâmara , De Souza Teixeira Deisianne , De Sousa Farias Layla Jasmim , Saraiva Marquioro Giovanna , Santos de Andrade Sarah Maria , De Castro Silva José Antônio
Published: March 2019

No contexto de desenvolvimento, o setor energético recebe destaque na economia brasileira. Nesse sentido, são inúmeras as usinas hidrelétricas implantadas e em fase de planejamento na região Amazônica, em virtude do potencial hidráulico das bacias hidrográficas. A Usina de Belo Monte, localizada no sudeste paraense, é um desses exemplos, onde o curso do Rio Xingu foi desviado para a formação dos grandes reservatórios que garantem a operação dessas centrais. As obras iniciaram-se no ano de 2011 e segue em fase de finalização. Diante disso, objetivou-se apresentar dados referentes à geração de energia elétrica na usina em questão, bem como analisar os impactos ambientais. Para tal, o método utilizado consistiu em levantamento bibliográfico com o intuito de obter embasamento teórico, e utilização de Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) como ferramenta de geoprocessamento. Nessa perspectiva, observou-se que há contradições entre o planejamento da Usina e o que ocorre na prática, pois o baixo índice de geração de energia não sobressai os impactos causados. Portanto, é necessário que o projeto da Hidrelétrica de Belo Monte seja revisado, como forma de realizar adaptações necessárias ao seu efetivo funcionamento.
Estimativa do Potencial de Geração de Biogás Oriundos de Resíduo de Polpa de Maracujá e Acerola
Authors: Bonfim Osmar Evandro Toledo , Dos Reis Alan Lima , Dos Santos Cristiano Vieira , Soares Wendel Cleber , De Oliveira Vagner Amado Belo
Published: March 2019

Dentre as dificuldades enfrentadas pelo crescimento populacional cita-se a problemática da geração dos resíduos orgânicos, os quais ocupam um grande volume e causam preocupações quanto a sua adequada destinação. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor um levantamento da potencialidade de geração de biogás através do aproveitamento de resíduo de polpa de maracujá e acerola e, simultaneamente, estimar a economia no consumo de energia elétrica que pode ser promovido pela utilização do biogás resultante desses resíduos de polpa. As amostras doadas pela Associação Passiflora de Produtores Rurais de Adamantina e Região (APPRAR) foram acondicionadas em tambores de 200 litros por um período de 62 dias, e a produção de biogás foi contabilizada por um medidor de vazão na saída de fluxo. Os resultados mostraram que o resíduo de polpa de acerola possui o equivalente ao dobro do potencial metanogênico do resíduo de polpa de maracujá, entretanto ambos não propiciaram uma satisfatória economia no consumo de energia elétrica quando comparados à produção de biogás oriunda de rejeitos animais. A proposta, mesmo que de forma tímida, demonstra a importância de prover soluções ao descarte de resíduos de polpa de frutas, mitigando de fato, futuros problemas ambientais.Palavra-chave: biodigestor, biofertilizante, energia elétrica.
Applications of Moderation Analysis for Music Education Research
Authors: Lorah Julie Ann , Miksza Peter
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this article is to discuss the potential that moderation hypotheses hold for yielding insights into the complex processes of music teaching and learning. We begin with a discussion of the conceptual relevance of moderation hypotheses to music education research by drawing from a compelling example in the extant literature. This is followed by a brief review and critique of how moderation hypotheses and the concomitant statistical interaction effects have been presented and interpreted in recent research articles in the Journal of Research in Music Education. We offer recommendations to increase the robustness of the theoretical foundations from which moderation hypotheses are generated and the consistency of the ways statistical analyses are reported and interpreted. Next, we provide an illustration of basic statistical models that are useful for testing moderation hypotheses. We then provide an example of moderation analyses in linear regression and ANOVA frameworks as well as advice for reporting the results of these analyses. The examples we present employ real data consisting of 190 collegiate music students’ reports of self-regulated learning processes and motivational beliefs. A summary list of recommendations for readers to consider when conducting their own research is provided.
Life as a Cyclops: Mythology and the Mockery of the Visually Impaired
Authors: Draycott Jane
Published: March 2019

This article examines a number of cases in ancient literature in which a visually impaired individual is equated with the Cyclopes: such an individual might be one-eyed, blind in one or both eyes, or simply have poor eyesight. It suggests several reasons why these mythological figures were utilized in this way and seeks to explain what, precisely, the individuals making these allusions were aiming to accomplish. It seems likely that it was Polyphemus rather than any of antiquity’s other Cyclopes that was intended, and while it could have been his single eye that was the prime motivator, it is notable that he is portrayed in different ways before and after his blinding by Odysseus, and aspects of these portrayals could also have been relevant when insulting the visually impaired.
Animal Ethics Based on Friendship: A Reply
Authors: Causey Mark
Published: March 2019

This article critiques Fröding and Peterson’s (2011) account of friendship developed in their article “Animal Ethics Based on Friendship.” I deny their central claim that friendship between a farmer qua farmer and her cow is even possible. Further, I argue that even if such a relationship were possible, the lack of such a relation on our part in the case of free-living animals does not, contrary to their claim, give us moral license to eat them. I suggest that even though Fröding and Peterson’s friendship differential does not do the work it is intended to do, virtue ethics has other resources to help us discover a more virtuous relationship with animals.
Evaluating the Value of Animals and Humans
Authors: Bernstein Mark H.
Published: March 2019

Received opinion attributes greater value to the lives of humans than to the lives of (nonhuman) animals. Arguably, this conviction allows the continuation of the institutions of factory farming, hunting, and animal experimentation. After all, if we believe that the value of animal lives is at least equal to the value of human lives, we would presumably be quick to renounce and abolish these activities. My aim is to show that we have no good reason to sustain our common belief in the hierarchy of value concerning animal lives.
An evaluation of Electrocardiogram (ECG) lead placement training in an Integrated Care Organisation
Authors: Purran Ashutosh , Evans Karen , Ramjan Nadeem
Published: March 2019

For several years, in-house clinical skills training has been used in hospitals and clinical settings. There has been a dramatic increase in recent years in the usage of clinical skills training to underpin role development and improve practice standards among healthcare professionals. This article describes the evaluation of an evidence-based electrocardiogram (ECG) lead placement training that was devised and implemented by the Whittington Health National Health Service (NHS) Trust Clinical Education Department to meet the gap in training needs. The findings will provide the department with facts if the trust is on the right path of accomplishing its planned goals to support role expansion, expert improvement and alteration in practice to improve patient care.
Easy Technique for Radiographic Evaluation of Stump-socket Fit in Below-knee Amputees
Authors: Tsur Atzmon
Published: March 2019

Background. The alignment of a prosthesis affects the way load is transferred to the stump through the socket; this is critically important for its comfort and function. The aim of the study was to assess the value of radiopaque materials in evaluation of stump-socket fit in people with below-knee amputation.
Material and methods. Thirty-two amputees (skin breakdown group) had cutaneous lesions in the stump, and another 26 amputees (control group) had no lesion in the stump after training with their prosthesis. Metallic markers were attached to weight-bearing points in the internal socket. X-rays were taken in the antero-posterior and lateral projections.
Results. In the antero-posterior view, the weight-bearing points of the stump did not correspond to the metallic markers placed over the patellar tendon and the tibial tuberosity points in the socket in 78.1% of the 32 amputees in the skin breakdown group. This malalignment was present in 42.3% of the 26 amputees in the control group (Pearson Chi-Square, p<0.007). In the lateral view, in 65.6% of the 32, the weight-bearing points of the stump did not correspond to the metallic markers placed over the patellar tendon and the tibial tuberosity points in the socket. This malalignment was noted in 23.1% of the 26 patients in the other group (Pearson Chi-Square, p<0.002).
Conclusions. Conventional X-ray films of the stump in the socket under weight-bearing conditions are of considerable value in determining fit and alignment. Adequate visualization of the stump-socket fitting interface can provide valuable information for the physician, the physiotherapist and the prosthetist in below-knee amputees.
Surgical Pathology “Boot Camp”: A Military Experience
Authors: Smith Nathaniel E. , Collins Ryan , Hall Jordan
Published: March 2019

Context.—

A common concern in pathology residency training is the variability with which incoming trainees have attained basic pathology competencies during undergraduate medical education. While multifactorial deficiencies are likely due to recent de-emphasis of dedicated pathology courses during preclinical training, accelerating the transition from medical student to pathology resident is critical—particularly in military practice where a greater degree of autonomy is required of recent graduates.

Objective.—

To describe the implementation and results of a 4-week surgical pathology “boot camp” in the largest military pathology residency program in the United States.

Design.—

Interns were administered an assessment on basic pathology knowledge, slide practicals, and a skills self-assessment. All specimens were grossed by interns with constant direct supervision. A daily microscopic didactic session was given by an upper level resident and a daily gross conference was led by the interns. Subsequent academic performance was evaluated via monthly slide practicals and diagnostic agreement with faculty.

Results.—

Following boot camp, average scores on the knowledge assessment increased from 36.0% ± 16.2% (standard deviation [SD]) to 80.0% ± 12.6% (SD) (P < .001). Slide practical scores showed an increase from 32% ± 12.0% (SD) to 74.0% ± 16.2% (SD) (P < .001). Skills self-assessment showed a global increase across all measures. Throughout the following academic year, postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) residents performed at the same level of current PGY2 residents, based on surgical pathology faculty diagnostic agreement and slide practical performance.

Conclusions.—

An intense 4-week surgical pathology rotation specifically tailored to incoming interns was successful in transitioning medical students to pathology residents within a relatively short time.
Learning to See Students' Mathematical Strengths
Authors: Skinner Abbe , Louie Nicole , Baldinger Evra M.
Published: March 2019

A teacher shares her journey toward disrupting her conditioning to create more humanizing math learning experiences for her students, incorporating strategies that every educator can use.
Acorns to Oaks: Nurturing Growth through Strengths-Based Practices
Authors: Strayton Marianne V. , Lawton Lisa Watts
Published: March 2019

Just as an acorn contains everything it needs to grow into a mighty tree, our students possess understandings hidden right beneath the surface that can be nurtured to support their growth into mighty mathematicians.
What That Mistake Tells You
Authors: Trueman Jennifer
Published: March 2019

Identify different types of mistakes that students make and how they can inform your instruction.
Capturing Disappearing Data and Strategy Development
Authors: Roller Sarah A. , Cunningham Elizabeth P. , Marin Katherine Ariemma
Published: March 2019

Use photographs as a formative assessment tool.
Accuracy and Ethics, Feelings and Failures: Youth Experimenting with Documentary Practices of Performing Reality
Authors: Gallagher Kathleen , Mealey Scott , Jacobson Kelsey
Published: March 2019

For young artists and their educators, the adoption of documentary theatre practices can be deeply appealing given their seemingly privileged capacity to truthfully represent the multi-faceted realities of contemporary life. The often ubiquitous impulse, however, toward straightforward, narrative representations may in fact betray the reality (felt and lived) that young people seek to earnestly convey. This article, drawing on three different examples of youth engagement with documentary and oral history theatre techniques in the cities of Toronto (Canada) and Tainan (Taiwan), explores how young theatre-makers find themselves wrestling with the ethics of unsettling and/or reinforcing the performance and reception of real stories in “the right way.” The authors conclude by advocating for an uncynical praxis of failure that resists well-intentioned, normative performances of past “truths” and makes instead disruptive and often messy space for socio-political, pedagogical, and aesthetic possibilities.
L’APPLICATION DE LA RESPONSABILITÉ DES SUPÉRIEURS HIÉRARCHIQUES AUX REBELLES DANS L’AFFAIRE BEMBA
Authors: Mbokani Jacques B.
Published: March 2019

Le présent article jette un regard critique sur le jugement de la Cour pénale internationale appliquant à M. Bemba, un ancien rebelle congolais, la responsabilité pénale des supérieurs hiérarchiques. En analysant la nature de cette forme de responsabilité ainsi que ses conditions d’application, l’article démontre, dans un premier temps, qu’il existe un lien entre la connaissance (antérieure ou postérieure) qu’avait le supérieur hiérarchique sur la conduite criminelle de ses forces et les mesures (préventives ou répressives) nécessaires et raisonnables qu’il aurait dû prendre. Par rapport précisément à ces mesures, l’article démontre, dans un second temps, que si la qualité de rebelle n’a aucune incidence sur l’obligation de prendre les mesures préventives dès lors que le rebelle savait que les crimes vont être commis par ses soldats, il en est autrement des mesures répressives concernant les crimes déjà commis et dont le rebelle n’a eu la connaissance qu’après coup, puisque le Statut de Rome doit être interprété dans le respect des droits de l’homme internationalement reconnus. La critique principale formulée à l’encontre de ce jugement réside ainsi dans les incertitudes qu’il a apportées à ces deux problématiques qui semblent marquer la limite de la responsabilité des supérieurs lorsqu’il s’agit des rebelles.