bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
8-Week Zen Meditation and Music Programme for Mindfullness and Happiness: Qualitative Content Analysis
Authors: Hwang Mi hyang , Bunt Leslie , Warner Catherine
Published: October 2023

Mental wellness can be related to healthier living, the learning process and working environments for people in the university community. A wide range of mental wellness programmes have been explored to provide students with pleasant and satisfying experiences. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of integrating Zen meditation(禪)and music listening on the mindfulness and happiness levels of university music therapy students. Qualitative methodology was used, and data were collected through surveys and semi-structured interviews. To investigate various aspects of data regarding the role of meditation and music (MM) programme for mindfulness and happiness, this study used thematic analysis within a qualitative research design. The results of this study indicate that the 8-week MM programme is effective in enhancing mindfulness and happiness and has positive responses to daily life stress (e.g., exam anxiety, financial difficulties, and emotional distress during the COVID-19 pandemic). The role of meditation and music in promoting mental health and well-being has long been discussed and the combination of the two has been recognised as a beneficial intervention. This paper could contribute to the support of mental health resources and coping strategies in higher education, as well as expand the potential range of integrating practices involving music and meditation.
Chiral Hydroxamic Acids Ligands in Asymmetric Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Pawar Tushar Janardan , Ventura-Hernández Karla Irazu , Ramos-Morales Fernando Rafael , Olivares-Romero José Luis
Published: October 2023

Chiral hydroxamic acid (HA) and bis-hydroxamic acid (BHA) ligands have made significant contributions to the field of asymmetric synthesis, particularly in the synthesis of natural products. These ligands possess unique molecular structures that allow for exceptional stereochemical control, leading to their widespread use in catalytic systems. This review highlights the advancements made in asymmetric synthesis using chiral hydroxamic acid and bis-hydroxamic acid ligands and their impact on the synthesis of complex natural products. The discussion encompasses their role in enantioselective C-C bond formation, the functionalization of C-H bonds, asymmetric transformations involving heteroatoms, and their application in the total synthesis of natural products. The versatility and efficiency of chiral hydroxamic acid ligands and bis-hydroxamic acid ligands make them invaluable tools for synthetic chemists working towards the efficient and selective synthesis of natural products. This review provides a comprehensive overview of their contributions, showcasing their potential to expand the boundaries of chemical synthesis and access the diverse array of natural product scaffolds.
Reproducible Method for 1-methylcylopropene (1-MCP) Application and Quantitation for Post-harvest Research
Authors: Stowe Evan , Mattinson D Scott , Blauer Jacob Michael , Dhingra Amit
Published: October 2023

Actively combating post-harvest food spoilage and waste can dramatically increase the efficiency of food utilization worldwide. In climacteric fruits, chemical treatments such as 1-MCP are an effective way of reducing post-harvest spoilage and waste by inhibiting the fruit’s ability to perceive ethylene. 1-MCP treatment is increasingly being used to explore the complex nature of ripening physiology at a fundamental level, however, differences in application and quantitation methods create difficulties in comparing conclusions across studies. Here we report an effective and reproducible method for 1-MCP application and quantitation for small-medium sized research applications. By use of surrogate alkene standards 1-butene and cis-2-butene, the highly volatile and elusive 1-MCP molecule can be identified and quantified by gas chromatography and subsequent standard curves may be developed. It is hoped that the methodology outlined here can help standardize consistent 1-MCP application for post-harvest research without excessive investment in specialized equipment.
Obstructed HemiVagina with Ipsilateral Renal Agenesis: A Challenging Case Report and a Management Flow-Chart
Authors: Malanowska-Jarema Ewelina , Starczewski Andrzej , Osnytska Yana , Krzyścin Mariola , Sowińska-Przepiera Elżbieta , Balzarro Matteo , Rubilotta Emanuele
Published: October 2023

We present here a case of complex uterine anomaly – Obstructed HemiVagina with Ipsilateral Renal Agenesis (OHVIRA), also known as Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome in a 13-year-old girl with the history of recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTI). In emergency room, trans-abdominal sonography revealed ovarian cyst and renal agenesis, without any suspicion of vaginal obstruction. This led to delay in the diagnosis of this uncommon anomaly. Finally, MRI findings confirmed the presence of OHVIRA syndrome.
As the congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are in almost one third of cases associated with genital malformations, urologist should carefully search for patients with rUTI. The patient underwent simultaneous laparoscopy and vaginoscopy, what was in our opinion the most appropriate therapeutic decision. In this article we are also going to discuss the role of laparoscopy in the management of OHVIRA syndrome as well as other surgical techniques described in the literature.
Visualization and Characterization of Brain Regional Heterogeneity of Astrocyte-Astrocyte Structural Interactions by Using Improved Iontophoresis with Dual-Fluorescent Dyes
Authors: Li Qingran , Zhou Bin , Su Mengchan , Liao Ping , Lei Fan , Li Xin , Liao Daqing , Zhang Xia , Jiang Ruotian
Published: October 2023

Astrocytes are morphological intricate cells and actively modulate the function of the brain. Through the numerous fine processes, astrocytes contact with neurons, blood vessels and other glia cells. Emerging evidence have shown that astrocytes exhibit brain-regional diversity in the morphology, transcriptome, calcium signaling and functions. However, little is known about the brain regional heterogeneity of astrocyte-astrocyte structural interaction. So far, the visualization and characterization of the morphological features for the adjacent astrocytes with high resolution has been difficult, and as a result, it is still well accepted that astrocytes in the adult brain share non-overlapped territory. In contrast, by using an approach that combines sparse viral labeling with dual-fluorescent dyes, which allows for efficient and specific labeling of adjacent astrocytes, thus enabling a comprehensive visualization of their fine processes and the degree of their territorial overlap. Our study in the hypothalamic regions revealed a marked spatial overlap among adjacent astrocytes. Additionally, we revealed the heterogeneity of astrocyte-neuron ratio across brain regions, and conducted an assessment of the photostability and labeling efficiency of fluorescent dyes used for labeling adjacent astrocytes. Our study here provides new insights for studying the morphological heterogeneity of astrocytes across the central nervous system.
Adiponectin: A Promising Target for the Treatment of Diabetes and Its Complications
Authors: Begum Mahmuda , Choubey Mayank , Tirumalasetty Munichandra Babu , Mohib Mohammad Mohabbulla , Wahiduzzaman Md. , Mamun Mohammed A. , Arbee Shahida , Mohiuddin Mohammad Sarif
Published: October 2023

Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, presents a formidable global health challenge with its associated complications. Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, has emerged as a significant player in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Beyond its metabolic effects, adiponectin exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and vasoprotective properties, making it an appealing therapeutic target for mitigating diabetic complications. The molecular mechanisms by which adiponectin impacts critical pathways implicated in diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular problems are thoroughly examined in this study. In addition, we explore possible treatment options for increasing adiponectin levels or improving its downstream signaling. The multifaceted protective roles of adiponectin in diabetic complications suggest its potential as a novel therapeutic avenue. However, further translational studies and clinical trials are warranted to fully harness the therapeutic potential of adiponectin in the management of diabetic complications. This review highlights adiponectin as a promising target for the treatment of diverse diabetic complications and encourages continued research in this pivotal area of diabetes therapeutics.
African Natural Products for Multitarget-Based Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: An In Silico Study
Authors: Ahmed Alkhansa Altaher , Babikir Rawan Ridha , Hassan Tarteel Abdelaal , Mohamed Ahmed Asmaa Abdelmonim , Taha Leena Izzeldin , Elkheir Lamis Yahia Mohamed , Shantier Shaza Wagiealla , Ismail Esraa Mohamed Osman
Published: October 2023

Alzheimer's disease is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder, with Acetylcholinesterase, Butyrylcholinesterase, Beta secretase, Glycogen Synthase Kinase beta and Monoamine oxidase B playing central role in it's pathogenesis.
Therefore, this research aims to discover potential curative multitarget drugs derived from African natural products capable of addressing the multifactorial characteristics of the disease.
In silico approaches were used to filter a 880 african natural compounds library based on selected pharmacokinetic properties. Molecular docking against the five aforementioned proteins, followed by Molecular Mechanics with Generalised Born and Surface Area Solvation scoring for the top compounds were used to assess binding. Density Functional Theory studies were used to assess electronic transitions.
Pharmacokinetic filters resulted in 200 compounds, of which only five were selected after molecular docking. Density Functional Theory and Molecular Mechanics with Generalised Born and Surface Area Solvation scoring resulted in 3 potential multitarget compounds. Compound 157 (ZINC000095485950) showed triple-target inhibitory activity against Butyrylcholinesterase, Glycogen Synthase Kinase beta and Beta-secretase, while compounds 159 (ZINC000095485952) and 696 (ZINC000039144622) showed dual-target inhibitory activity against Butyrylcholinesterase and Glycogen Synthase Kinase beta. Molecular dynamics simulation and further experimental assessments are suggested.
Analysis of the Grassland Fires Effect on Dust Weather in Mongolia Based on Satellite-Derived Data
Authors: Wen Ling , Yong Mei , Bao Yulong , Fu Rong , Jin Eerdemutu
Published: October 2023

As major natural disasters in grassland areas, fires and dust events seriously threaten human safety, property, and animal husbandry. Furthermore, these phenomena may be mutually reinforcing, which can lead to more severe cascading disasters. However, few studies have been on the mechanisms of grassland fire and dust events disaster chain. Therefore, we selected Dornod aimag (province), a typical temperate grassland, as the study area and analyzed the spatiotemporal variation patterns of grassland fires and dust weather, as well as the effect of grassland fires on dust weather based on MCD64A1 Burnt Area data and SYNOP dust data. The mechanism of grassland fires on dust weather was further investigated using the MOD13A3 vegetation index product and ERA5 wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation data. The results revealed that grassland fires and dust weather varied spatially across the study area. Furthermore, grassland fires occurred mainly in spring (April to May), summer (June), and autumn (October), while dust weather mainly occurred in spring (March to May). Moreover, autumn, winter, and spring cumulative grassland fires (both days and area) substantially affected the spring total dust weather days and dust storm days, particularly the spring cumulative dust storm days. Additionally, higher precipitation in the summer of 2014 resulted in higher vegetation coverage and more fuel in the autumn and winter of 2014, and even in the spring of 2015. As a result, the cumulative grassland fire days was higher, and the area was larger from September 2014 to April 2015, leading to a considerable increase in the cumulative dust storm days in May 2015. This study has important implications for disaster prevention and mitigation, ecological and environmental protection, and sustainable development in grasslands.
Molecular Evaluation of FLC Homologs and Coordinating Regulators on the Flowering Responses to Chilling Temperature in Cabbage (Brassica oleraceae var. capitata) Genotypes
Authors: Ahn Ju-Young , Subburaj Saminathan , Yan Fanzhuang , Jian Yao , Ajithan Chandrasekaran , Ahn Kyoung-Gu , Lee Geung-Joo
Published: October 2023

Cabbage (B. oleracea var. capitata) contains three FLC homolog genes (BoFLC1, BoFLC2, and BoFLC3) and one pseudogene (BoFLC5) that responds to low temperatures necessary for flowering. We isolated three BoFLC-encoding genes from early-, mid-, and late-flowering cabbage plants. Leaf samples were collected for RNA extraction and expression analysis. Gene structure analysis and phylogenetic comparison were performed for intra- or interspecific relationships of the BoFLC homologs. Gene expression related to flowering regulators (BoGI, BoCOOLAIR, and BoVIN3) was analyzed. While BoFLC genes commonly have seven exons and six introns of 3,361–4.384 bp, variations in insertion or deletion were evident between the early- and late-flowering genotypes. Repressed expression of BoFLC 1, 2, and 3 genes under chilling temperatures appeared to occur from 8 weeks after vernalization. Higher expression levels of GI, COOLAIR, and VIN3 were initiated 7 weeks after chilling (WAT) treatment in the early flowering genotype. The vernalization trigger repressed the expression of BoFLC homologs. This study provides molecular insights into BoFLC homologs between early- and late-flowering cabbage genotypes, in which structural variations in BoFLC1 appeared to be important as a binding motif to flowering regulating factors such as BoGI, BoCOOLAIR, and BoVIN3 for which motif analysis is further implemented.
Using Python to Analyze and Model Chemical Engineering Processes: A Case Study of MSS Drying
Authors: Mihelič Erik , Klinar Dušan , Rižnar Klavdija , Oprčkal Primož
Published: October 2023

This study investigates the use of programming language Python to analyse and model chemical engineering processes. Using municipal sewage sludge (MSS) drying as an example, the study demonstrates how Python can support analyses and model drying data. The drying process was performed on a flat plate while maintaining a uniform, parallel drying air speed of 1.15 m s-1. The Python program helped to analyse the digitalised weight measurements from each sample. The program enables sorting input data, determining the drying critical point and evaluating the first and second drying periods.
BiFC Magic: Shedding Light on Protein-Protein Interactions
Authors: JIA Yunlong , Bleicher Françoise , Merabet Samir
Published: October 2023

Deciphering protein–protein interactions (PPIs) in vivo is crucial to understand protein function. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) is one of extensively used PCAs over the last decade in many different native contexts, including human live cells. It is based on the reconstitution of a monomeric fluorescent protein (FP) such as cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) from two complementary nonfluorescent sub-fragments (N- and C-terminal sub-fragments) upon spatial proximity. Interaction between a bait protein and a prey protein fused to such complementary sub-fragments is sufficient to lead to the reconstitution of the FP, resulting in an emission signal upon excitation (Figure 1). In this comprehensive review, we commence by tracing the development of fluorescent proteins (FPs) tailored for BiFC, followed by the highlighting of BiFC advantages over other PPI detection methods. Concurrently, the essential factors and nuanced considerations when employing BiFC are thoroughly explored. To vividly showcase the versatility of BiFC, the implementations at different throughputs are also presented, encompassing both single PPI experiments and large-scale studies, along with noteworthy variants of BiFC.
Novel Zinc/Silver Ions-Loaded Alginate Microparticles: Synthesis, Physicochemical Properties, and Antifungal Activity Against Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Vinceković Marko , Jurić Slaven , Vlahoviček-Kahlina Kristina , Martinko Katarina , Šegota Suzana , Marijan Marijan , Krčelić Ana , Svečnjak Lidija , Majdak Mislav , Nemet Ivan , Rončević Sanda , Rezić Iva
Published: October 2023

Addressing the growing need for effective and environmentally friendly fungicides in agricul-ture, this study explored the potential of alginate microparticles loaded with metal ions as a novel approach to combat fungal pathogens. Novel alginate microparticles (microspheres and microcapsules) loaded with zinc or simultaneously with zinc and silver ions were prepared and physicochemically characterized (microparticle size, morphology, topography, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, and swelling behavior). Investigation of molecular interactions in microparticles using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy exhibited complex interactions between all con-stituents. Fitting to the simple Korsmeyer-Peppas empirical model revealed the rate-controlling mechanism of zinc and silver ions release from microparticles is Fickian diffusion. Lower values of the release constant k imply a slower release rate of Zn or Ag ions from microcapsules com-pared to that of microspheres. The antimicrobial potential of the new formulations against the fungus Botrytis cinerea was evaluated. When subjected to tests against the fungus, microspheres and microparticles loaded with both zinc and silver ions effectively reduced its growth and al-tered the fungal hyphal structures well as exhibited superior antifungal activity. The results showed the potential of these novel microparticles as potent fungicides in agriculture.
Recalibration of Framingham Risk Score for Predicting 10-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk in a South Indian Population
Authors: Sathish Thirunavukkarasu , Sasikumar Midhun , Demissie Getu Debalkie , ParmodKumar Thyparambil Aravindakshan , Oldenburg Brian , Oommen Anu Mary
Published: October 2023

1. Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are India’s leading cause of mortality. This study aimed to recalibrate the original Framingham Risk Score (FRS) equations among adults in Kerala state. 2. Methods: Baseline survey data from the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program were analyzed: 921 males and 567 females for lipid-based FRS scores and 1042 males and 646 females for BMI-based FRS scores. Recalibration of the original FRS scores was performed using local data on CVD risk factors and CVD mortality. 3. Results: Among males, the median 10-year CVD risk with the recalibrated lipid-based FRS score was 7.34 (IQR 4.33-12.42), compared with the original score of 8.88 (5.23-14.87) (p<0.001). For BMI-based FRS scores, the median 10-year CVD risk was 7.40 (4.27-11.83) with the recalibrated score, compared to 9.32 (5.40-14.80) for the original score (p<0.001). In females, the median 10-year CVD risk was 4.83 (2.90-8.36) with the recalibrated score, compared to 2.85 (IQR 1.71-4.98) with the original score (p<0.001). Similarly, the median 10-year CVD risk was 4.66 (2.74-8.81) with the recalibrated BMI-based FRS score, compared to 2.95 (1.72-5.61) with the original score (p<0.001). 4. Conclusions: Recalibrated FRS scores estimated a significantly lower 10-year CVD risk in males and a higher risk in females than the original FRS scores.
NetRA: An IntegratedWeb Platform for Large-Scale Gene Regulatory Network Reconstruction and Analysis
Authors: Dutta Sumit , Teji Binon , Dutta Sourav , Roy Swarup
Published: October 2023

Several effective online and offline inference tools offer an interactive platform for inference, visualization, and analysis of gene regulatory networks. However, a tool currently needs to offer a scalable, lightweight, integrated online platform for carrying out inference, visualization, benchmarking, and extensive network analysis in an integrated manner. We introduce NetRA (Network Reconstruction and Analysis for Gene Regulatory Network), a comprehensive web tool for network analysis, visualization, and inference of large expression networks. Additionally, a platform for benchmarking and evaluation is provided. In order to deliver a highly scalable, lightweight, and rich user interface, the tool is created using the most recent technologies. We incorporate the original code of eleven (11) inference algorithms (not limited to) from Bioconductor in the current version. We also report a qualitative comparison of 11 candidate methods regarding prediction accuracy and network characteristics which will shed light on their performance against 4000 sizes synthetic DREAM network. We believe the tool will significantly aid biologists' downstream system biology research. NetRA tool can be extensible to different kinds of complex network analyses. Availability: On request (sroy01@cus.ac.in).
Development and Validation of an Interview Guide for Examining the Effects of Sports Careers on the Quality of Life of Retired Portuguese Football Players
Authors: Teixeira Eduardo , Silva Carlos , Vicente António Manuel
Published: October 2023

Considering the importance of assessing the impacts resulting from a sport career, this study aimed at developing and validating a semi-structure interview guide suitable for quantifying the socio-demographic and epidemiological profile of former professional football players. Based on the theoretical frameworks and several methodological procedures, an interview guide was de-veloped, consisting of 3 areas of conceptual organization (A1. Biographical data; A2. Career data; and A3. Post-Career Transition data) and 8 data collection categories (C1. Personal data; C2. Pro-fessional data; C3. Socio-demographic pathway in the post-career; epidemiological pathway; C4. Epidemiological pathway; C5. Moment of leaving the career; C6. Socio-demographic pathway in post-career; C7. Epidemiological pathway in the post-career; and C8. Perceptions on post-career planning). The construction and validation of the interview guide following 4 steps: Ad hoc con-struction of the interview guide (step 1); Review of the interview guide by a panel of experts (step 2); Definition of procedures and protocol for the application of the interview (step 3); Application of the pilot study for face validation of the interview guide (step 4).
Thus, in procedural terms, four stages were considered for the construction and validation of the interview guide, namely the Ad hoc construction of the interview guide (i), the review of the in-terview guide by a panel of experts (ii), definition of procedures and protocol for the application of the interview (iii), and the application of the pilot study for the face validation of the interview guide (iv). The results showed that the interview guide for the study of the impacts of the sports careers on the quality of life of Portuguese former football players shows reliability for the collec-tion of qualitative and quantitative information from the respective content analysis. The use of the interview guide characterizes the path of former player, providing information and knowledge on the socio-demographic and epidemiological impact factors resulting from their post-career (sports retirement).
Fungal Diversity and Heritage Degradation
Authors: Oliveira Manuela , Reis Johnny , Almaguer Michel
Published: October 2023

This review resumes published data on fungal diversity in and within monuments (e.g., religious and secular monuments, museums, and statues), covering a multidisciplinary investigation into the complex interactions between fungi and cultural heritage structures. Fungi represent remarkable adversaries to monuments, potentially compromising their structural integrity and aesthetic value. Based on a bibliographic search of manuscripts published, the knowledge of fungal communities colonizing monuments was comprehensively assessed. This work first describes the diverse fungal species implicated in the degradation of monument materials (e.g., stone, metal, and glass). It elucidates the factors governing fungal colonization and proliferation in and within these structures (e.g., environmental conditions, construction materials, and human interventions). Finally, the efficacy of preservation and restoration techniques to mitigate fungal threats and safeguard our cultural heritage is also discussed. This synthesis highlights the pivotal role of mycological research in heritage conservation, and a platform for future studies to address critical knowledge gaps is provided. Understanding fungal diversity in and within monuments is critical to preserving these invaluable cultural treasures, as it informs targeted conservation strategies and ensures their longevity in the face of fungal challenges.
Pediatric Anesthesia Providers' Perspective on the Real-Life Implementation of Philips Visual Patient Avatar: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Lunkiewicz Justyna , Fries Daniel , Milovanovic Petar , Nöthiger Christoph B , Tscholl David W , Gasciauskaite Greta
Published: October 2023

Philips Visual Patient Avatar represents an alternative method of patient monitoring that, according to computer-based simulation studies, enhances diagnostic accuracy, confidence and reduces workload. After its clinical integration, we assessed pediatric anesthesia providers' perspectives on this technology. This is a single-center qualitative study, conducted at the University Hospital Zurich using in-depth individual interviews. We aimed to identify the advantages and limitations of Visual Patient Avatar in pediatric anesthesia and to assess children and parents' reactions from caregivers' perspective. Thematic analysis was used to identify the dominant themes. Fourteen members of the institution's pediatric anesthesia team were interviewed. The most prevalent themes were: children's positive reactions towards the Visual Patient Avatar (92.9%) and enhanced speed in problem identification (71.4%). Additionally, 50% of participants reported finding the Visual Patient Avatar useful for diverting children's attention during anesthesia induction, and 50% suggested that its vital sign thresholds should be adaptable for different age groups. The study revealed that the Visual Patient Avatar was recognized as a valuable tool in pediatric anesthesia, enabling prompt identification of underlying issues and receiving positive feedback from both children and parents. The most commonly voiced wish for improvement in the study was the ability to customize the Visual Patient Avatar's thresholds for different age groups.
Prevalence and Causes of Elective Surgery Cancellations after the Patients Are Taken to the Operating Room: A Prospective, Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Özcan Mustafa Soner , Özden Eyyup Sabri , Alkaya Solmaz Filiz , Kösem Ayse , Akyol Yigit , Kirdemir Pakize
Published: October 2023

Unexpected preoperative surgery cancellations are one of the important problems in daily anesthesia practice. It's an even bigger problem if these cancellations happen in the operating room. Our aim was to draw attention to this issue and reveal the reasons. This prospective, cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence and causes of elective surgery cancellations once patients are in the operating room. The study sample consisted of 7482 adult patients scheduled for elective surgeries and taken to the operating room. Sixty-seven patients whose surgeries were canceled were grouped into Group 1, while the remaining 7415 whose surgeries were completed were in Group 2. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether their surgeries were completed or canceled. Factors such as age, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, and surgical department were analyzed. Metrics involved comparisons between the two groups regarding age, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, surgical department, and timing of the surgery. The prevalence of elective surgery cancellations after patients were in the operating room was 0.9%. Group 1 was significantly older than Group 2 (p<0.001). The proportion of patients classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status III was higher in Group 1 (p<0.001). The department with the highest cancellation rate was ophthalmology(2.5%), followed by general surgery(2.1%), urology(1.5%), and ear, nose, and throat(1.4%). Approximately 59.7% of cancellations were deemed potentially avoidable. The study suggests that many of these cancellations are potentially avoidable, underscoring the need for optimized surgical scheduling and patient assessment protocols.
An Overview of Golgi Membrane-Associated Degradation and Its Detection Methods
Authors: Sakurai Hajime Tajima , Arakawa Satoko , Yamaguchi Hirofumi , Torii Satoru , Honda Shinya , Shimizu Shigeomi
Published: October 2023

Autophagy is a cellular mechanism that utilizes lysosomes to degrade its own components and is performed using Atg5 and other molecules originating from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. On the other hand, we identified an alternative type of autophagy, namely, Golgi membrane-associated degradation (GOMED), which also utilizes lysosomes to degrade its own components, but does not use Atg5 originating from the Golgi membranes. The GOMED pathway involves Ulk1, Wipi3, Rab9 and other molecules, and plays crucial roles in a wide range of biological phenomena, such as the regulation of insulin secretion and neuronal maintenance. We here describe the overview of GOMED, the methods to detect autophagy and GOMED, and to distinguish GOMED from autophagy.
Effect of Soil Anisotropy on Ground Motion Characteristics
Authors: Xie Yuhong , Cao Zhou , Yu Jian
Published: October 2023

Soil transverse isotropy results in different stiffness characteristics in the horizontal and vertical directions. However, the effect is usually neglected in the seismic motion analysis. In this study, an equivalent linear anisotropic soil model was established based on the finite element method and investigated the impact of anisotropic parameters on ground motion at the site under various seismic wave inputs. It is found that the anisotropic parameters have a more significant effect for the seismic waves with the dominant frequency closer to the fundamental frequency of the site. As an example, the soil dynamic parameters in Shanghai Yangshan Port were calibrated by a series of bending elements, resonance columns, and cyclic triaxial tests. The influences of anisotropy on the peak ground acceleration (PGA) and response spectrum are studied for Yangshan Port. Addi-tionally, the standard design response spectra considering the soil anisotropy were provided. A comparison reveals that the existing isotropic design response spectrum may lead to dangerous seismic design for the structures at Yangshan port.
The Immunoprotective Analysis of ROP 27 Protein in Eimeria tenella
Authors: Li Menggang , Wei Yingyi , Lv Xiaoling , Zheng Mingxue
Published: October 2023

Eimeria tenella rhoptry protein has the properties of a protective antigen. EtROP27 is a pathogenic related gene detected by transcriptome, but its expression pattern, immunogenicity and potency have been unknown. Therefore, a gene segment of EtROP27 was amplified and transplanted to pET28a prokaryotic vector for recombinant protein expression and purified to generate polyclonal antibody. Then, RT-PCR, Western blotting were performed to know the expression pattern of EtROP27. Subsequently, animal experiments were conducted to evaluate the immunoprotective effect of the recombinant protein using different immunizing doses (50, 100, 150 μg). The results showed that the expression of EtROP27 gradually increased with the prolongation of infection time, reaching the highest level after 96 hours and then decreased. And EtROP27 was a natural antigen of coccidia which can stimulate the body to produce high levels of IgY. As recombinant protein vaccines, the immune protection evaluation tests of EtROP27 showed that the average weight gain rate of the immune challenge groups were significantly higher than that of the infection control group. The average lesion scores were significantly lower than that of the control group. The oocyst excretion decreased by 81.25%, 86.21%, 80.01% and the anticoccidial index were 159.45, 171.47, 166.75. EtROP27 is a promising candidate antigen gene for development of coccidiosis vaccine.
Evolutionary Reinforcement Learning of Neural Network Controller for Acrobot Task — Part2: Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Okada Hidehiko
Published: October 2023

Evolutionary algorithms find applicability in reinforcement learning of neural networks due to their independence from gradient-based methods. To achieve successful training of neural networks using evolutionary algorithms, careful considerations must be made to select appropriate algorithms due to the availability of various algorithmic variations. The author previously reported experimental evaluations on Evolution Strategy for reinforcement learning of neural networks, utilizing the Acrobot control task. In this study, Genetic Algorithm is adopted as another instance of major evolutionary algorithms. Experimental results demonstrate that there was no statistically significant difference between the experimental performances of GA and ES, but the priority of generations and offsprings was different; GA performed better with a greater number of generations while ES performed better with a greater number of offsprings. Eight hidden units were the best among four variations (4, 8, 16 or 32 units), which aligns with previous study using ES.
A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Techniques for National Glacier Mapping: Evaluating Performance Through Spatial Cross-Validation in Perú.
Authors: Bueno Marcelo , Macera Brigitte , Montoya Nilton
Published: October 2023

Accurately glacier mapping is crucial for understanding climate change impacts, but existing efforts may be biased due to overlooking spatial autocorrelation during map validation. To address this, we compared several widely used machine learning algorithms as gradient boosting machines (GBM), k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and random forest (RF) with parametric logistic regression (GLM) and an unsupervised remote sensing-based method (NDSI) for mapping Peru's glacier regions in a thoughtful experimental setup. Spatial and non-spatial cross-validation methods were used to evaluate model’s performance and compared with a fully independent test set. Performance differences of up to 18% were found between bias-reduced (spatial) and overoptimistic (non-spatial) cross-validation results when compared to independent test set, emphasizing the need to consider spatial autocorrelation when using machine learning for glacier mapping. K-nearest neighbors (KNN) was the overall best model across regions consistently demonstrating the highest performance followed by logistic regression (LR) and gradient boosting machines (GBM). Our novel validation approach, accounting for spatial characteristics, provides valuable insights for glacier mapping studies and future efforts on glacier retreat monitoring. Incorporating this approach improves the reliability of glacier mapping, guiding future national-level initiatives.
Modification of Recycled Concrete Aggregate: An Overview of Research Progress
Authors: Su Ying qiang , Yao Yu chong , Wang Yang , Zhao Xuan , Li Li , Zhang Jie
Published: October 2023

The performance of recycled aggregate concrete deteriorates due to the defects of adhesive mortar, pores and cracks on the surface of recycled aggregate. It is of great engineering significance to modify the reclaimed aggregate to improve its performance and adaptability. In this paper, the physical and chemical properties of waste concrete recycled aggregate are reviewed. Then, the existing modification methods and technologies of recycled aggregate, including physical, chemical and biological methods, are reviewed. Finally, the existing problems of the current modification technology are summarized, and the future research direction is proposed. It is expected to provide a new idea and method for the modification of waste concrete recycled aggregate.
Maritime Communications – Current State and the Future Potential with SDN and SDR
Authors: Niknami Nadia , Srinivasan Avinash , St. Germain Ken , Wu Jie
Published: October 2023

The rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) has opened up exciting possibilities for new applications. One such novel application is the modernization of maritime communications. Effective maritime communication is vital for ensuring the safety of crew members, vessels, and cargo. The maritime industry is responsible for the transportation of a significant portion of global trade, and as such, the efficient and secure transfer of information is essential to maintain the flow of goods and services. With the increasing complexity of maritime operations, technological advancements such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), and the Internet of Ships (IoS) have been introduced to enhance communication and operational efficiency. However, these technologies also bring new challenges in terms of security and network management. Compromised IT systems, with escalated privileges, can potentially enable easy and ready access to operational technology (OT) systems and networks with the same privileges, with an increased risk of zero-day attacks. In this paper, we first provide a review of the current state and modalities of maritime communications. We then review the current adoption of Software-Defined Radios (SDRs) and Software-Defined Networks (SDNs) in the maritime industry and evaluate their impact, as IoT enablers, on the future of maritime industry operations, safety, and security.
Photoinduced Self-Organization in “Semiconductor World”: Part I. from Protophotosynthesis to Protomembranes
Authors: Gradov Oleg , Gradova Margaret
Published: October 2023

This work is the first part of a series of papers on a comprehensive analysis of the processes of prebiotic self-organization and protophotosynthesis on the surface of semiconductor minerals and in systems of natural dispersed semiconductors. Comprehensive analysis within the framework of the "semiconductor world" concept allows integrating a variety of models on a single physical basis - from ZnS world and FeS world (based on inorganic semiconductors) to the PAH world and aromatic world (including organic semiconductors). Thus, we do not put forward a new alternative hypothesis of chemical evolution - a new "chemical world", but only integrate the evolutionary and geochemical criteria of different "chemical worlds" into a single "physical world", which gives one the opportunity to reconstruct and predict the directions of chemical evolution according to the uniform principles of physical chemistry. In the first part of this series we consider photoinduced self-organization and "photo-controlled" evolution of the early protobiological systems performing solar energy conversion on the surface of dispersed semiconductor minerals capable of (photo)catalyzing and photosensitizing prebiological processes. The latter include a transition from the elementary cycles of photocatalytic reactions on the surface of semiconductors to protophotometabolic cycles and protophotosynthesis, from photophysical processes on the surface of mineral semiconductors to photoinduced membrane potentials, from photocontrolled sorption on the surface of such minerals to the formation of photosensitive protomembranes and selection of photosynthetic structures. The evolutionary approach to the analysis of protobiological mechanisms and protobioenergetics within the framework of the "semiconductor world" concept provides a new approach to the study of the last common point of divergence of protobiological systems, where the emergence principles of different energy supply schemes (like the energy source-specific photoautotrophy and substrate-specific chemoautotrophy) merge at the physicochemical level. The proposed integrating scheme is consistent with most biological, geological, and physicochemical concepts, which ensures its complete cross-checking and internal consistency.
EO-based Rice Mapping Studies in Vietnamese Mekong Delta Compared to Global Context: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Chowdhury Anuva , Ghosh Surajit , Holmatov Bunyod
Published: October 2023

The present article summarises Earth Observation (EO)-based rice mapping strategies since 1979, with a focus on data, methodologies, and methods based on 3,700 research publications across global literature and its comparison with the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). Various quan-titative analyses were conducted through bibliometric analysis using the VOS viewer and Scopus database. Optical images, particularly MODIS and Landsat time series datasets, were found to be the most commonly utilized. Landsat data had the highest share in the global context, while MODIS data research dominated in the VMD, while Sentinel series data and the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform became more popular in recent years. The research on rice mapping using UAVs has been gradually creeping into global rice mapping research but is a loophole yet to be implemented in the VMD. The most widely used approaches for rice mapping globally were Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and Principal Component Analysis. Indices like EVI, NDVI, and RVI were commonly used for rice mapping and monitoring. The findings underscore the critical role of EO-based rice mapping studies in the VMD in addressing sustainability and food security chal-lenges.
Challenges to Sustain a Cultural Landscape along an Antique Watercourse in Bursa, a World Heritage Site in Türkiye
Authors: Çakıcı Alp Sermin
Published: October 2023

Urban waterways are significant natural elements in urban development activities, which might cause long-term changes in the historic built environment. As it runs through the historic city center of Bursa, a World Heritage Site in Türkiye, Cilimboz (Phillippoz) Creek has witnessed urban development activities along its surrounding landscape. Its valley, the study area, is composed of natural, residential, and industrial heritage as well as archaeological remains dating to ancient times while having undergone permanent changes as a result of the rapid increase in population and squatting, since the 1960s. This study aims to assess the challenges of sustainability in a multi-layered historic urban landscape while discussing the outcomes of various land use implementations along Cilimboz Creek. The cultural assets in the study area are presented by using a combination of interpretive-historical and case-study research methods to understand historic urban texture. Afterward, the changes in the composition of natural and architectural heritage are described to assess the impacts of urban development activities on the sustainability of its multi-layered historic urban identity. Consequently, this evaluation reveals the need for a holistic approach by the participation of all relevant stakeholders to co-develop solutions for architectural, social, and environmental conservation issues in this cultural landscape.
Translucent Concretes: Comparative Analysis between Sorted and Random Distributions of Polymeric Optical Fibers
Authors: Henriques Thiago dos Santos , Dal Molin Denise Carpena C. , Masuero Angela Borges
Published: October 2023

This work seeks to approach the comparative analysis of the distribution of POFs (polymeric optical fibers) arranged in a random and sorted manner in the manufacture of translucent concretes. The following characteristics were analyzed: compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, capillary water absorption and light transmittance. Portland cement, water, fine aggregate (sand), silica fume, polycarboxylate ether-based superplasticizer and polymeric optical fiber were used in the production of the composites. Except the fiber content, the mixture of all other inputs was kept as a fixed parameter. Groups with the following levels of POFs were produced: 0%, 2%, 3.5% and 5%. The POF content is the sum of the areas of the fiber sections in the composite with the total area of the translucent surface. The results showed that for the analysis of mechanical behavior (flexural tensile and compressive strength) and durability (capillary water absorption), composites with random and sorted fibers within the 2% POF presented to belong to statistically distinct groups. For the other fiber contents, there was no pattern of behavior, that is, it cannot be said that there is a difference within 3.5% or 5% POF between sorted and random fibers in relation to the mechanical and durability characteristics analyzed. As for the light transmittance, it was attributed that the statistical difference between the fiber arrangements only within the 5% POF content can be a consequence of their accumulation in certain points of the material, thus influencing this characteristic measured by a light meter.
Effects of Acute and Chronic Gabapentin Treatment on Cardiovascular Function of Rats
Authors: Pendyala Ved , Pribil Sarah , Schaal Vicki , Sharma Kanika , Jagadesan Sankarasubramanian , Yu Li , Kumar Vikas , Guda Chittibabu , Gao Lie
Published: October 2023

Gabapentin (GBP), a GABA analogue, is primarily used as an anticonvulsant to treat partial seizures and neuropathic pain. While a majority of the side effects are associated with the nervous system, emerging evidence suggests a high risk for heart diseases in the patients taking GBP. In the present study, we used a preclinical model of rats to investigate (1) the acute cardiovascular responses to GBP (bolus i.v. injection, 50 mg/kg) and (2) the effects of chronic GBP treatment (i.p. 100 mg/kg/day x 7 days) on cardiovascular function and the myocardial proteome. Under isoflurane-anesthesia, rat blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and left ventricular (LV) hemodynamics were measured using Millar pressure transducers. The LV myocardium and brain cortex were analyzed by proteomics, bioinformatics, and western blot to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying GBP-induced cardiac dysfunction. In experiment (1), we found that i.v. GBP significantly decreased BP, HR, maximal LV pressure, and maximal and minimal dP/dt, whereas it increased IRP-AdP/dt, Tau, systolic, diastolic, and cycle durations (*p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 vs baseline; n = 4/group). In experiment (2), we found that chronic GBP treatment resulted in hypotension, bradycardia, and LV systolic dysfunction, with no change in plasma norepinephrine. In the myocardium, we identified 109 differentially expressed proteins involved in calcium pathways, cholesterol metabolism, and galactose metabolism. Particularly, we found that calmodulin, a key protein of intracellular calcium signaling, was significantly upregulated by GBP in the heart but not in the brain. In summary, we found that acute and chronic GBP treatments suppressed cardiovascular function in rats, which is attributed to abnormal calcium signaling in cardiomyocytes. These data reveal a novel side effect of GBP independent of the nervous system, providing important translational evidence to suggest that GBP can evoke adverse cardiovascular events by depression of myocardial function.