bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of risk factors for venous air embolism in the semisitting position and its impact on outcome in a consecutive series of 740 patients
Authors: Al-Afif Shadi , Elkayekh Hesham , Omer Mazin , Heissler Hans E. , Scheinichen Dirk , Palmaers Thomas , Nakamura Makoto , Hermann Elvis J. , Samii Madjid , Krauss Joachim K.
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

Routine use of the semisitting position, which offers several advantages, remains a matter of debate. Venous air embolism (VAE) is a potentially serious complication associated with the semisitting position. In this study, the authors aimed to investigate the safety of the semisitting position by analyzing data over a 20-year period.

METHODS

The incidence of VAE and its perioperative management were analyzed retrospectively in a consecutive series of 740 patients who underwent surgery between 1996 and 2016. The occurrence of VAE was defined by detection of bubbles on transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE) or transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) studies, a decrease of end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) by 4 mm Hg or more, and/or an unexplained drop in systolic arterial blood pressure (≥ 10 mm Hg). From 1996 until 2013 TTDE was used, and from 2013 on TEE was used. The possible risk factors for VAE and its impact on surgical performance were analyzed.

RESULTS

There were 404 women and 336 men with a mean age at surgery of 49 years (range 1–87 years). Surgery was performed for infratentorial lesions in 709 patients (95.8%), supratentorial lesions in 17 (2.3%), and cervical lesions in 14 (1.9%). The most frequent pathology was vestibular schwannoma. TEE had a higher sensitivity than TTDE. While TEE detected VAE in 40.5% of patients, TTDE had a detection rate of 11.8%. Overall, VAE was detected in 119 patients (16.1%) intraoperatively. In all of these patients, VAE was apparent on TTDE or TEE. Of those, 23 patients also had a decrease of ETCO2, 18 had a drop in blood pressure, and 23 had combined decreases in ETCO2 and blood pressure. VAE was detected in 24% of patients during craniotomy before opening the dura mater, in 67% during tumor resection, and in 9% during wound closure. No risk factors were identified for the occurrence of VAE. Two patients had serious complications due to VAE. Surgical performance in vestibular schwannoma surgery was not affected by the presence of VAE.

CONCLUSIONS

This study shows that the semisitting position is overall safe and that VAE can be managed effectively. Persistent morbidity is very rare. The authors suggest that the semisitting position should continue to have a place in the standard armamentarium of neurological surgery.
Resection of symptomatic non–small cell lung cancer brain metastasis in the setting of multiple brain metastases
Authors: Jünger Stephanie T. , Reinecke David , Meissner Anna-Katharina , Goldbrunner Roland , Grau Stefan
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

Current guidelines primarily suggest resection of brain metastases (BMs) in patients with limited lesions. With a growing number of highly effective local and systemic treatment options, this view may be challenged. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of metastasectomy, disregarding BM count, in a comprehensive treatment setting.

METHODS

In this monocentric retrospective analysis, the authors included patients who underwent resection for at least 1 BM and collected demographic, clinical, and tumor-associated parameters. Prognostic factors for local control and overall survival (OS) were analyzed with the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards analysis.

RESULTS

The authors analyzed 216 patients. One hundred twenty-nine (59.7%) patients were diagnosed with a single/solitary BM, whereas 64 (29.6%) patients had 2–3 BMs and the remaining 23 (10.6%) had more than 3 BMs. With resection of symptomatic BMs, a significant improvement in Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) was achieved (p < 0.001), thereby enabling adjuvant radiotherapy for 199 (92.1%) patients and systemic treatment for 119 (55.1%) patients. During follow-up, 83 (38.4%) patients experienced local recurrence. BM count did not significantly influence local control rates. By the time of analysis, 120 (55.6%) patients had died; the leading cause of death was systemic tumor progression. The mean (range) OS after surgery was 12.7 (0–88) months. In univariate analysis, the BM count did not influence OS (p = 0.844), but age < 65 years (p = 0.007), preoperative and postoperative KPS ≥ 70 (p = 0.002 and p = 0.005, respectively), systemic metastases other than BM (p = 0.004), adjuvant radiation therapy (p < 0.001), and adjuvant systemic treatment (p < 0.001) were prognostic factors. In regression analysis, the presence of extracranial metastases (HR 2.30, 95% CI 1.53–3.48, p < 0.001), adjuvant radiation therapy (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.23–0.86, p = 0.016), and adjuvant systemic treatment (HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.25–0.55, p < 0.001) remained as independent factors for survival.

CONCLUSIONS

Surgery for symptomatic BM from non–small cell lung cancer may be indicated even for patients with multiple lesions in order to alleviate their neurological symptoms and to consequently facilitate further treatment.
Antiplatelet therapy and delayed cerebral ischemia in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Snyder M. Harrison , Ironside Natasha , Kumar Jeyan S. , Doan Kevin T. , Kellogg Ryan T. , Provencio J. Javier , Starke Robert M. , Park Min S. , Ding Dale , Chen Ching-Jen
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a potentially preventable cause of morbidity and mortality after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The authors performed a meta-analysis to assess the effect of antiplatelet therapy (APT) on DCI in patients with aSAH.

METHODS

A systematic review of the PubMed and MEDLINE databases was performed. Study inclusion criteria were 1) ≥ 5 aSAH patients; 2) direct comparison between aSAH management with APT and without APT; and 3) reporting of DCI, angiographic, or symptomatic vasospasm rates for patients treated with versus without APT. The primary efficacy outcome was DCI. The outcomes of the APT versus no-APT cohorts were compared. Bias was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist.

RESULTS

The overall cohort comprised 2039 patients from 15 studies. DCI occurred less commonly in the APT compared with the no-APT cohort (pooled = 15.9% vs 28.6%; OR 0.47, p < 0.01). Angiographic (pooled = 51.6% vs 68.7%; OR 0.46, p < 0.01) and symptomatic (pooled = 23.6% vs 37.7%; OR 0.51, p = 0.01) vasospasm rates were lower in the APT cohort. In-hospital mortality (pooled = 1.7% vs 4.1%; OR 0.53, p = 0.01) and functional dependence (pooled = 21.0% vs 35.7%; OR 0.53, p < 0.01) rates were also lower in the APT cohort. Bleeding event rates were comparable between the two cohorts. Subgroup analysis of cilostazol monotherapy compared with no APT demonstrated a lower DCI rate in the cilostazol cohort (pooled = 10.6% vs 28.1%; OR 0.31, p < 0.01). Subgroup analysis of surgically treated aneurysms demonstrated a lower DCI rate for the APT cohort (pooled = 18.4% vs 33.9%; OR 0.43, p = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS

APT is associated with improved outcomes in aSAH without an increased risk of bleeding events, particularly in patients who underwent surgical aneurysm repair and those treated with cilostazol. Although study heterogeneity is the most significant limitation of the analysis, the findings suggest that APT is worth exploring in patients with aSAH, particularly in a randomized controlled trial setting.
Direct brainstem somatosensory evoked potentials for cavernous malformations
Authors: Le Scheherazade , Nguyen Viet , Lee Leslie , Cho S. Charles , Malvestio Carmen , Jones Eric , Dodd Robert , Steinberg Gary , López Jaime
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

Brainstem cavernous malformations (CMs) often require resection due to their aggressive natural history causing hemorrhage and progressive neurological deficits. The authors report a novel intraoperative neuromonitoring technique of direct brainstem somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) for functional mapping intended to help guide surgery and subsequently prevent and minimize postoperative sensory deficits.

METHODS

Between 2013 and 2019 at the Stanford University Hospital, intraoperative direct brainstem stimulation of primary somatosensory pathways was attempted in 11 patients with CMs. Stimulation identified nucleus fasciculus, nucleus cuneatus, medial lemniscus, or safe corridors for incisions. SSEPs were recorded from standard scalp subdermal electrodes. Stimulation intensities required to evoke potentials ranged from 0.3 to 3.0 mA or V.

RESULTS

There were a total of 1 midbrain, 6 pontine, and 4 medullary CMs—all with surrounding hemorrhage. In 7/11 cases, brainstem SSEPs were recorded and reproducible. In cases 1 and 11, peripheral median nerve and posterior tibial nerve stimulations did not produce reliable SSEPs but direct brainstem stimulation did. In 4/11 cases, stimulation around the areas of hemosiderin did not evoke reliable SSEPs. The direct brainstem SSEP technique allowed the surgeon to find safe corridors to incise the brainstem and resect the lesions.

CONCLUSIONS

Direct stimulation of brainstem sensory structures with successful recording of scalp SSEPs is feasible at low stimulation intensities. This innovative technique can help the neurosurgeon clarify distorted anatomy, identify safer incision sites from which to evacuate clots and CMs, and may help reduce postoperative neurological deficits. The technique needs further refinement, but could potentially be useful to map other brainstem lesions.
The standing T1–L1 pelvic angle: a useful radiographic predictor of proximal junctional kyphosis in adult spinal deformity
Authors: Takasawa Eiji , Kawamura Naohiro , Iizuka Yoichi , Ohya Junichi , Onishi Yuki , Kunogi Junichi , Chikuda Hirotaka
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

Proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK), which can worsen a patient’s quality of life, is a common complication following the surgical treatment of adult spinal deformity (ASD). Although various radiographic parameters have been proposed to predict the occurrence of PJK, the optimal method has not been established. The present study aimed to investigate the usefulness of the T1–L1 pelvic angle in the standing position (standing TLPA) for predicting the occurrence of PJK.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively extracted data for patients with ASD who underwent minimum 5-level fusion to the pelvis with upper instrumented vertebra between T8 and L1. In the present study, PJK was defined as ≥ 10° progression of the proximal junctional angle or reoperation due to progressive kyphosis during 1 year of follow-up. The following parameters were analyzed on whole-spine standing radiographs: the T1–pelvic angle, conventional thoracic kyphosis (TK; T4–12), whole-thoracic TK (T1–12), and the standing TLPA (defined as the angle formed by lines extending from the center of T1 and L1 to the femoral head axis). A logistic regression analysis and a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were performed.

RESULTS

A total of 50 patients with ASD were enrolled (84% female; mean age 74.4 years). PJK occurred in 19 (38%) patients. Preoperatively, the PJK group showed significantly greater T1–pelvic angle (49.2° vs 34.4°), conventional TK (26.6° vs 17.6°), and standing-TLPA (30.0° vs 14.9°) values in comparison to the non-PJK group. There was no significant difference in the whole-thoracic TK between the two groups. A multivariate analysis showed that the standing TLPA and whole-thoracic TK were independent predictors of PJK. The standing TLPA had better accuracy than whole-thoracic TK (AUC 0.86 vs 0.64, p = 0.03). The optimal cutoff value of the standing TLPA was 23.0° (sensitivity 0.79, specificity 0.74). Using this cutoff value, the standing TLPA was the best predictor of PJK (OR 8.4, 95% CI 1.8–39, p = 0.007).

CONCLUSIONS

The preoperative standing TLPA was more closely associated with the occurrence of PJK than other radiographic parameters. These results suggest that this easily measured parameter is useful for the prediction of PJK.
EFEKTIVITAS PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP PRODUSEN MAKANAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Purnamasari Ruli , Solihan Solihan , Azzahra Viyola
Published: November 2021

Abstrak

 

Efektivitas penegakan hukum terhadap produsen makanan berbahaya menuju Indonesia Sehat 2025 tersebut didasarkan apabila pelaku usaha memproduksi dan memperdagangkan produk makanan yang mengandung bahan kimia serta membahayakan kesehatan dan keselamatan konsumen, maka pelaku usaha/produsen melanggar Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan, Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2012 tentang Pangan, Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang perlindungan Konsumen.  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normative yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui Faktor yang mempengaruhi terhadap efektivitas penegakan hukum terhadap produsen makanan berbahaya menuju Indonesia Sehat 2025. Faktor hukumnya, yaitu lemahnya sanksi terhadap pelanggarnya, proses penanganan masalah berbelit-belit, kurang profesionalnya para aparatur penegak hukum dan kurangnya koordinasi antar penegak hukum. Tanggung jawab pidana produsen terhadap kerugian yang diderita konsumen akibat makanan berbahaya yang diproduksi, dipasarkan, ditawarkan dan diperdagangkannya, secara yuridis, dalam konsepsi Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen dan peraturan perundang-undangan terkait lainnya.

 

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT ON FOOD MANUFACTURERS IN INDONESIA

 

Abstract

 

The effectiveness of law enforcement against dangerous food producers towards Healthy Indonesia 2025 is based on if business actors produce and trade food products that contain chemicals and endanger the health and safety of consumers, then the business actor/producer violates Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health, Law No. Law Number 18 of 2012 concerning Food, Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. This research is a normative legal research that aims to determine the factors that influence the effectiveness of law enforcement against producers of dangerous food towards Healthy Indonesia 2025. The legal factors are the weakness of sanctions against violators, the process of handling problems is complicated, the lack of professionalism of law enforcement officials and the lack of coordination between law enforcement. The producer's criminal responsibility for the loss suffered by the consumer due to the dangerous food produced, marketed, offered and traded, legally, in the conception of the Consumer Protection Act and other relevant laws and regulations.

 

Keywords: Effectiveness, Law Enforcement, Food Producers
Breastfeeding: Health benefits and dietary recommendations
Authors: Panjkota Krbavčić Ines , Vukomanović Anja
Published: November 2021

Breastfeeding is a natural way of feeding a newborn as it provides all the essential nutrients necessary for appropriate growth and development. Also, it is a delicate period when the emotional and physical connection between mother and child is created, providing the child with a sense ofsecurity, relaxation, and tenderness. Under that, the devotion of institutions and various associations to raise social and health awareness and promote the importance of breastfeeding is constantly increasing. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of an infant’s life, which provides the child many short- and long-term benefits. When talking about benefits, the emphasis is put primarily on the wellbeing of the child, while the focus on the needs of a nursing mother should be of equal importance. The period of lactation and breastfeeding demands the mother’s greater energy intake than the period of the last three-semester of pregnancy to meet all micro- and macronutrient needs of mother and child. The volume and the composition of milk, respectively the quality of infant’s nutrition, partially depends on the quality of the mother’s nutrition, and partially on the mother’s physical supplies from which nutrients are being compensated in the case of a dietary deficit. To avoid the negative effects of lactation and breastfeeding on the nutritional and health status of the mother in upcoming periods of life, it is crucial to give special attention to various, balanced, and energy-satisfying nutrition. Although the primary goal is to achieve the recommended intake of all essential nutrients by food intake, in cases of unbalanced nutrition, health limitations, or practicing restrictive diets, the use of dietary supplementation is needed. Because of the biological needs and fortified deficits, in dietary supplements for pregnant women could often be found iron, calcium, zinc, iodine, folate, and vitamins B12, C and D.
Quality protein maize (Zea mays L.) fortified with vegetable biomaterials based breakfast cereal
Authors: Victor Ikujenlola Abiodun , Omorinola Onireti Foyinsade
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the functional properties and sensory characteristics of flour blends and flaked ready-to-eat breakfast cereals
produced from quality protein maize, cowpea and garden egg. The flour blends and flaked breakfast cereal were analysed for functional properties
and sensory characteristics respectively using standard methods. The results showed that loose and packed bulk density (0.41-0.38 g/ml; 0.63-0.71
g/ml), reconstitution index (75.67-59.68) reduced with the increase in garden egg proportion, while the swelling (1.29-2.99 g/g), water absorption
(132.00-263.33%) and oil absorption (95.67-133.00 g/ml) capacities increased with garden egg and temperature increase. The trough (1.21 to
5.00 RVU) and final viscosity (1.79 to 11.59 RVU) increased with increase levels of garden egg to the blends. The mean scores for taste (6.07-4.07)
and aftertaste (6.60-2.87) by the panelists showed a decline with increase in the level of garden egg addition when the flaked breakfast cereal was
served alone. The mean scores for texture ranged from 7.67-4.87, 6.73-5.46 and 6.87-5.33 for breakfast cereal served alone, served with water
and consumed with milk respectively. The overall acceptability of the ready-to-eat breakfast cereal from cowpea and maize alone ranked best of
all the blends and compared favourably with the commercial sample. Meanwhile, sample containing cowpea and maize compared favourably with
commercial sample in all the parameters assessed. The study concluded that addition of cowpea and garden egg improved some selected functional
properties. Ready-to-eat breakfast cereal of good acceptability to the panelists was produced from the selected biomaterials. This will also promote
the utilization of cowpea and garden egg thereby ensuring food security.
Izazovi i mogućnosti popularizacije lokalne povijesti – primjer ranonovovjekovne vojnokrajiške i senjske povijesti
Authors: Rukavina Karlo , Šimunjak Filip
Published: November 2021

U današnjem digitalnom svijetu, obilježenom globalizacijom i brzim prijenosom informacija na izvanredne udaljenosti, društveni i javni položaj historiografije – koja se našla u novim uvjetima bez presedana – dovedeni su u pitanje, posebno kada je riječ o izazovima popularizacije povijesti. Unutar niza pitanja koja popularizacija povijesti otvara, moguće je izdvojiti manju cjelinu koja nas ovdje zanima - lokalnu povijesti i njezinu prezentaciju. U ovom radu predstavit će se izazovi i mogućnosti popularizacije znanstveno utemeljenih spoznaja historiografije na primjeru senjske povijesti i projekta Bulwark of Europe.
Penerapan Buffer Analysis dalam bidang Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan
Authors: Ridwan Vita Fajriani
Published: November 2021

Perkembangan teknologi GIS menyediakan konsep, alat, dan analisis yangmendukung kebutuhan teknik sipil dan lingkungan. Tulisan ini membahas secarasingkat konsep buffer analysis/multiple ring buffer analysis pada platform GIS dalamaplikasi teknik sipil dan lingkungan. Tulisan ini menjelaskan penelitian-penelitiansebelumnya yang menerapkan buffer analysis/multiple ring buffer analysis. Bufferanalysis/multiple ring buffer analysis digunakan untuk mengetahui area layanan (halte bus, shelter untuk bencana), yang umum digunakan dalam teknik sipil; dan untuk memahami area dampak (perletakan TPA, kebisingan), yang umum digunakan dalam bidang teknik sipil dan lingkungan. Tulisan ini menyebutkan keterbatasan buffer analysis/multiple ring buffer analysis yang hanya berfokus pada variabel jarak.
A computational model of argumentation schemes for multi-agent systems
Authors: Panisson Alison R. , McBurney Peter , Bordini Rafael H.
Published: November 2021

There are many benefits of using argumentation-based techniques in multi-agent systems, as clearly shown in the literature. Such benefits come not only from the expressiveness that argumentation-based techniques bring to agent communication but also from the reasoning and decision-making capabilities under conditions of conflicting and uncertain information that argumentation enables for autonomous agents. When developing multi-agent applications in which argumentation will be used to improve agent communication and reasoning, argumentation schemes (reasoning patterns for argumentation) are useful in addressing the requirements of the application domain in regards to argumentation (e.g., defining the scope in which argumentation will be used by agents in that particular application). In this work, we propose an argumentation framework that takes into account the particular structure of argumentation schemes at its core. This paper formally defines such a framework and experimentally evaluates its implementation for both argumentation-based reasoning and dialogues.
Global existence and asymptotic behavior of solutions to fractional (p,q)-Laplacian equations
Authors: Li Chunyi , Song Chaoqun , Quan LiYan , Xiang Jianhao , Xiang Mingqi
Published: November 2021

The aim of this paper is to consider the following fractional parabolic problem [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a bounded domain with Lipschitz boundary, [Formula: see text] is the fractional p-Laplacian with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is the fractional q-Laplacian with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The global existence of nonnegative solutions is obtained by combining the Galerkin approximations with the potential well theory. Then, by virtue of a differential inequality technique, we give a decay estimate of solutions.
The interactive relationship between water environmental pollution and the quality of economic growth in China: An empirical research based on the dynamic simultaneous equations model
Authors: Hu Qiyuan , Han Enjian , Wang Wenxiu , Wang Xinyu , Li Zelong
Published: November 2021

As the Chinese economy enters the stage of new normal, high-quality economic development has become the current priority. Economic development should not be achieved at the cost of environment and resources. Clarifying the interactive relationship between water environment pollution and the quality of economic growth can help realize water environment protection and sustainable economic development. Based on the data of 30 provinces and cities in China, this paper studies the bidirectional mechanism between water environmental pollution and the quality of economic growth with the dynamic simultaneous equations model. The paper concludes that environmental pollution and the quality of regional economy growth have strong hysteretic nature; And that water environmental pollution and the development of regional economy display the relationship of bidirectional feedback. Discharge of pollutants into the water environment can inhibit high-quality development of regional economy. As the intensity of water environmental pollution increases by 1%, the quality of regional economic growth decreases by 0.0230%; Hence as the quality of regional economic growth increases by 1%, the intensity of water environmental pollution increases by 0.148%. Therefore, sustainable economic development should be attached with due significance, by removing the factors of environmental pollution, timely adjusting environmental policies, and promoting harmony between ecological environment and economic growth.
The impact of contract enforcement efficiency on debt maturity structure using mathematical derivation and comparative static analysis
Authors: Wu Yi , Yang Xiani
Published: November 2021

In recent years, the systematic use of advanced mathematical methods to express, study and argue economic theories has become an important branch and research hotspot in economics. The choice of debt maturity structure is an interesting economics issue in corporate finance. The signing of debt financing contract is not only the enterprises’ independent behavior, but also will be affected by the contract environment. Differences in the contractual environment will inevitably lead to differences in the efficiency of contract enforcement between borrowers and lenders in debt contracts. This paper introduces the contract enforcement efficiency factor on the basis of the standard structure model constructed by Holmstrom and Tirole, and then theoretically investigates the influence mechanism of contract enforcement efficiency on debt maturity structure based on the mediating role of contract enforcement efficiency on the investors’ liquidation claims. By transforming the financing contract into a linear programming problem, and then solving the optimization model, mathematical derivation and static comparative analysis, the research shows that as the efficiency of contract enforcement increases, the amount of short-term debt and long-term debt increases, while the direction change in debt maturity structure is uncertain and the specific relationship between them is closely related to the magnitude of all exogenous variables.
On the feasibility of crawling-based attacks against recommender systems
Authors: Aiolli Fabio , Conti Mauro , Picek Stjepan , Polato Mirko
Published: November 2021

Nowadays, online services, like e-commerce or streaming services, provide a personalized user experience through recommender systems. Recommender systems are built upon a vast amount of data about users/items acquired by the services. Such knowledge represents an invaluable resource. However, commonly, part of this knowledge is public and can be easily accessed via the Internet. Unfortunately, that same knowledge can be leveraged by competitors or malicious users. The literature offers a large number of works concerning attacks on recommender systems, but most of them assume that the attacker can easily access the full rating matrix. In practice, this is never the case. The only way to access the rating matrix is by gathering the ratings (e.g., reviews) by crawling the service’s website. Crawling a website has a cost in terms of time and resources. What is more, the targeted website can employ defensive measures to detect automatic scraping.

In this paper, we assess the impact of a series of attacks on recommender systems. Our analysis aims to set up the most realistic scenarios considering both the possibilities and the potential attacker’s limitations. In particular, we assess the impact of different crawling approaches when attacking a recommendation service. From the collected information, we mount various profile injection attacks. We measure the value of the collected knowledge through the identification of the most similar user/item. Our empirical results show that while crawling can indeed bring knowledge to the attacker (up to 65% of neighborhood reconstruction on a mid-size dataset and up to 90% on a small-size dataset), this will not be enough to mount a successful shilling attack in practice.
Pedunculopontine and Cuneiform Nuclei Deep Brain Stimulation for Severe Gait and Balance Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease: Interim Results from a Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Bourilhon Julie , Olivier Claire , You Hana , Collomb-Clerc Antoine , Grabli David , Belaid Hayat , Mullie Yannick , François Chantal , Czernecki Virginie , Lau Brian , Pérez-García Fernando , Bardinet Eric , Fernandez-Vidal Sara , Karachi Carine , Welter Marie-Laure
Published: November 2021

Background: Dopa-resistant freezing of gait (FOG) and falls represent the dominant motor disabilities in advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD). Objective: We investigate the effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR), comprised of the pedunculopontine (PPN) and cuneiform (CuN) nuclei, for treating gait and balance disorders, in a randomized double-blind cross-over trial. Methods: Six PD patients with dopa-resistant FOG and/or falls were operated for MLR-DBS. Patients received three DBS conditions, PPN, CuN, or Sham, in a randomized order for 2-months each, followed by an open-label phase. The primary outcome was the change in anteroposterior anticipatory-postural-adjustments (APAs) during gait initiation on a force platform Results: The anteroposterior APAs were not significantly different between the DBS conditions (median displacement [1st–3rd quartile] of 3.07 [3.12–4.62] cm with sham-DBS, 1.95 [2.29–3.85] cm with PPN-DBS and 2.78 [1.66–4.04] cm with CuN-DBS; p = 0.25). Step length and velocity were significantly higher with CuN-DBS vs. both sham-DBS and PPN-DBS. Conversely, step length and velocity were lower with PPN-DBS vs. sham-DBS, with greater double stance and gait initiation durations. One year after surgery, step length was significantly lower with PPN-DBS vs. inclusion. We did not find any significant change in clinical scales between DBS conditions or one year after surgery. Conclusion: Two months of PPN-DBS or CuN-DBS does not effectively improve clinically dopa-resistant gait and balance disorders in PD patients.
Sex-Related Longitudinal Change of Motor, Non-Motor, and Biological Features in Early Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Picillo Marina ,   for the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative, LaFontant David-Erick , Bressman Susan , Caspell-Garcia Chelsea , Coffey Christopher , Cho Hyunkeun Ryan , Burghardt Elliot L. , Dahodwala Nabila , Saunders-Pullman Rachel , Tanner Caroline M. , Amara Amy W.
Published: November 2021

Background: Investigation of sex-related motor and non-motor differences and biological markers in Parkinson’s disease (PD) may improve precision medicine approach. Objective: To examine sex-related longitudinal changes in motor and non-motor features and biologic biomarkers in early PD. Methods: We compared 5-year longitudinal changes in de novo, untreated PD men and women (at baseline N = 423; 65.5%male) of the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI), assessing motor and non-motor manifestations of disease; and biologic measures in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and dopamine transporter deficit on DaTscanTM uptake. Results: Men experienced greater longitudinal decline in self-reported motor (p < 0.001) and non-motor (p = 0.009) aspects of experiences of daily living, such that men had a yearly increase in MDS-UPDRS part II by a multiplicative factor of 1.27 compared to women at 0.7, while men had a yearly increase in MDS-UPDRS part I by a multiplicative factor of 0.98, compared to women at 0.67. Compared to women, men had more longitudinal progression in clinician-assessed motor features in the ON medication state (p = 0.010) and required higher dopaminergic medication dosages over time (p = 0.014). Time to reach specific disease milestones and longitudinal changes in CSF biomarkers and DaTscanTM uptake were not different by sex. Conclusion: Men showed higher self-assessed motor and non-motor burden of disease, with possible contributions from suboptimal dopaminergic therapeutic response in men. However, motor features of disease evaluated with clinician-based scales in the OFF medication state, as well as biological biomarkers do not show specific sex-related progression patterns.
Feature mining method of information system operation and maintenance big data based on window function
Authors: Sun Ruohan , Hu Meihui , Cao Jinping , Xiao Wanxing , Guo Xinying
Published: November 2021

In this paper, a window function based feature mining method for the operation and maintenance of big data in information system is proposed. The time clustering feature vector is combined with window function to reduce the dimension of operation and maintenance data of high-dimensional information system. The operation and maintenance data feature subset is segmented according to the similar feature level, and the redundant features of operation and maintenance data are removed to complete the information system operation and maintenance big data feature mining. The simulation results show that the proposed method has better clustering effect, fewer iterations and shorter mining time.
ПРОФЕСІЙНА ІНШОМОВНА ПІДГОТОВКА ПЕРСОНАЛУ ПРИКОРДОННИХ ВІДОМСТВ У КРАЇНАХ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ
Authors: БАЛЕНДР Андрій
Published: November 2021

У статті висвітлено особливості професійної іншомовної підготовки прикордонників у країнах Європейського Союзу (ЄС) на основі уніфікованого підходу: відповідність системи підготовки персоналу сучасним викликам, вимогам законодавства ЄС, Європейської концепції Інтегрованого управління кордонами; необхідності підвищення рівня інтероперабельності персоналу європейських прикордонних відомств. З’ясовано, що опис результатів навчання в прорамах спільної підготовки прикордонників країн ЄС заснований на таксономії цілей навчання Б. Блума й узгоджений з Галузевою рамкою кваліфікацій сфери охорони кордону країн ЄС. У спільній іншомовній підготовці прикордонників країн ЄС використовують три форми навчання: самостійне (онлайн), контактне і досвідне, яке здійснюється безпосередньо на робочому місці і відбувається після випуску або між контактними фазами навчання. Інноваційні методи іншомовного навчання прикордонників у країнах ЄС об’єднано у такі групи: орієнтовані на викладача, орієнтовані на студента та змішані. Виявлено, що уніфікована підготовка європейських прикордонників передбачає вивчення персоналом прикордонних відомств професійно орієнтованої тематики для їх узгоджених дій під час спільного патрулювання та спільних прикордонних операцій. Узагальнення передових ідей організації спільної професійної іншомовної підготовки прикордонників у країнах ЄС є необхідним для впровадження та адаптації набутого досвіду в систему професійної підготовки персоналу Державної прикордонної служби України.
Market economy vs. capitalism (On the book by Bannas S. and Herrmann-Pillath C. “Marktwirtschaft: Zu einer neuen Wirklichkeit. 30 Thesen zur Transformation unserer Wirtschaftsordnung”)
Authors: Tsedilin L. I.
Published: November 2021

The authors of the book published in Germany in 2020, unlike most researchers who adhere to the established traditional views, do not consider capitalism as a kind or form of manifestation of the market economy, which, in their opinion, as an authentic form of social order, opposes capitalism. The position of the authors also differs from other reformist doctrines by the emphasis on the mental, or rather, moral requirements that must be imposed on the actors of the market economy. Environmental and ethical issues largely determine their specific proposals for the transformation of the modern Western economic system. One of the core elements of the authors’ position is the requirement of full legal responsibility in relation to all economic agents. The authors rely on almost all known developments on the topic that they propose in the 30 theses of the reform, including the latest articles and monographs. The book can definitely be recommended to Russian researchers of macroeconomics and economic policy.
Fiscal decentralization in Russia and the world: trends and effects
Authors: Timushev E. N.
Published: November 2021

The paper identifies the state of federal and local fiscal decentralization in Russia and its effects. Original classification of decentralization indicators by a consolidated parameter indicator and a single-level parameter indicator (fiscal autonomy) is proposed. The indicator of vertical imbalance is allocated to a separate group. Despite the upward trend of fiscal decentralization in the world, Russian federal fiscal decentralization (the size of fiscal powers of regional authorities) has not increased and lags most other federations. However, the state of local decentralization (the size of fiscal powers of local authorities) is much worse, since for 2008-2018 there was a significant reduction and local revenue decentralization is minimal compared to other federations. The results obtained may indicate that fiscal decentralization could not contribute to the efficiency of the Russian budgetary system. The decrease in local decentralization may have been caused by the growth of the regional debt, but the question of why there was a decrease remains open. Favorable role of significant local fiscal powers on business and alleged existence of a threshold in decentralization-macroindicators relationship are also confirmed.
Guia ilustrado dos cervídeos brasileiros
Authors: Azevedo Natália , Oliveira Márcio , Duarte José
Published: November 2021

O presente guia, contemplando a descrição de oito espécies de cervídeos que ocorrem no Brasil, é um marco fundamental e representa um resultado de extrema importância por seu valor como ferramenta de identificação acessível a acadêmicos e amantes da natureza. Esta obra conta com descrições detalhadas, mapas de ocorrência e inúmeras pranchas comparativas, com detalhes preciosos de várias regiões do corpo destes animais e auxiliará pesquisadores, guias de turismo, gestores de Unidades de Conservação e entusiastas leigos que, ao conhecer melhor os cervídeos brasileiros, melhorarão a difusão do conhecimento entre diversos setores de nossa sociedade e, futuramente, poderão contribuir solidamente para a formação de bancos de dados da biodiversidade.
University contribution to the development of the region: ecosystem approach
Authors:   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Daneykin Yuri V. , Ivanova Olga P. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Trifonov Vladimir A. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University
Published: November 2021

Problem and purpose. Assessment of the contribution of universities to the socio-economic development of regions, technological and innovative progress of industry are topical issues of the modern agenda for the modernization of higher education in the Russian Federation. The authors propose a methodology for assessing the contribution of universities to regional development from the standpoint of the ecosystem approach, which makes it possible to reconfigure the development programs of the actors of the regional ecosystem "Education – Science – Industry" in order to achieve the tasks of technological progress and socio-economic development of the region. Research methods. When determining indicators using the ecosystem concept, it was taken into account that the initial components for the work of each actor of the regional ecosystem "Education – Science – Industry" are the results of the activity of one of these components. When using the system theory in determining the groups of indicators, the process, environmental and design components of the regional ecosystem "Education – Science – Industry" were identified. Results. Eight blocks of subsystems of indicators of the university's contribution to regional development have been formed: in integration, investment processes and technological development of the region, innovative development of the region, demographic development of the region, labor market of the region, social development of the region, intellectual potential of the region, infrastructure of the region, economy of the region. The indicators of the efficiency (effectiveness) of the university ("internal" efficiency of the university) and the indicators of the university's contribution to the development of the region are distinguished. The indicators are divided into short-term (allowing to evaluate the university's contribution as the effect of the university's activities, which manifests itself within 1-2 years) and long-term (allowing to evaluate the university's contribution as the effect from the university's activities, which manifests itself in 5-7 years). The indicators are differentiated by groups (priority 1, priority 2, priority 3) taking into account the close relationship between the indicator and the indicator of the university's contribution to regional development. In the conclusion, the possibilities of practical use of the methodology for analyzing the performance of the university in the region and adjusting the programs for the development of universities in the regional ecosystem, including when assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of the Priority 2030 program, are shown.
Assessment of the balance of the competence formation process: analysis of the curricula of Russian universities
Authors:   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Sokolova Tatiana N. , Gusyatnikov Victor N. ,   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Bezrukov Aleksey I. ,   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Kayukova Inna V. ,   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Curricula are the main tool for organizing the educational process in Russian universities. The quality of education and the possible level of formation of the graduate's competencies directly depend on their validity and balance. Going on a competence model of education demanded change in the principles of drawing up of curricula. However, until now, the quality of curricula is assessed according to formal criteria that are weakly related to the competence-based approach. Also, answers to simple questions have not been formulated: how many disciplines can and should form one competence, how many competencies can be formed within one discipline and within one semester, how the presence of gaps in the process of forming competencies affects the final level of their formation. The aim of the work is to propose quantitative characteristics for assessing the balance and consistency of the process of forming competencies based on a statistical analysis of the current curricula of Russian universities. Materials and methods. As a material for the study, curricula were chosen in the specialty "Applied Informatics" of federal state budgetary and autonomous educational organizations (45 institutes and universities in total). Methods of mathematical and statistical analysis were applied: frequency analysis, methods for comparing means, analysis of standard deviations. Research results. On average, each competency forms from 2 to 8 disciplines. The largest number of disciplines in most curricula forms 1, 2 or 3 competencies. There are relatively few disciplines that form more than 4 competencies in the curricula of most universities. It is shown that the lack of continuity and development, the presence of gaps in the process of forming competence can reduce the achieved level of competence to 30% of the possible due to forgetting. The discussion of the results. The presence of deviations from the average indicators may in some cases indicate an insufficient balance of curricula. In the future, it is possible to embed the proposed methodology into an intelligent system for assessing the characteristics of the educational process within the framework of the university's QMS.
Pedagogy of cooperation of the 1980s as an innovative practice
Authors:   Vyatka State University, Pomelov Vladimir B.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. The relevance of the research topic lies in the possibility of using the axiological and didactic potential of the pedagogy of cooperation in modern domestic educational practice. The purpose of the article is to give a scientific assessment of the movement of innovative teachers that arose in the second half of the 1980s in the USSR on the wave of "perestroika" and the reform of the domestic general educational and vocational schools. Materials and methods. The author uses an axiological approach that allows identifying the most valuable content in the studied phenomenon that can enter the main fund of science. Methods – a retrospective and comparative historical analysis of the works of innovative teachers, a method of analytical grouping of the studied material, as well as a historical and typological method that allows you to define the main content lines of the pedagogical phenomenon under consideration. Results. The socio-political reasons that led to the emergence of the movement of innovative teachers in the 1980s are characterized. The most important of them were state resolutions that proclaimed the mandatory nature of general secondary education, which, in turn, stimulated the research search of the best teachers in the country in the direction of finding new forms and methods of educational practice. The main ideas of the pedagogy of cooperation are briefly described. These include the ideas of the content of the child's personality and personal approach to him, the development of his creative and performing abilities, the ideas of a difficult goal, support in learning, quick assessment of student work, free choice of the type of task by the child. The innovative teachers attached great importance to the implementation in practice of their work of the ideas of "reincarnation of a child into a teacher", advance in the study of educational material, teaching in large blocks, as well as the ideas of the children's half of the day, the selection of the appropriate form of the lesson, introspection, creating an intellectual background of the class, collective creative education, creative productive work, creative self-management, self-respect and self-regulation, the uniqueness of each child, teacher-student dialogue, cooperation with parents and colleagues. Conclusion. The scientific and practical heritage of the founders of the pedagogy of cooperation is of considerable value for education and pedagogy, and deserves further study.
Neoplasia maligna de testículo: análise epidemiológica dos casos notificados no Brasil entre 2015 e 2019
Authors: Facco Lucas , Almendro Lucas Pablo , Marques Cristiane Peres , Ribeiro Edson Fábio Brito , Fecury Amanda Alves , Dendasck Carla Viana , Araújo Maria Helena Mendonça de , Oliveira Euzébio de , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos
Published: November 2021

A neoplasia testicular é uma patologia maligna relativamente incomum, representando 0,5% de todas as neoplasias masculinas, sendo mais frequente entre indivíduos de 15 a 34 anos. A apresentação clínica mais comum é massa testicular ou inchaço escrotal com ou sem dor ou trauma associados e o diagnóstico confirmatório padrão é a orquiectomia. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar epidemiologicamente os casos notificados de neoplasia maligna de testículo no Brasil entre os anos de 2015 e 2019. Os dados para a pesquisa epidemiológica foram obtidos no DATASUS e pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada através de artigos científicos. A partir das informações reveladas nesta pesquisa, é possível observar um crescente aumento do diagnóstico de neoplasia maligna dos testículos no Brasil, com quase o dobro do número de casos observados entre os anos de 2015 e 2019. Apesar de relativamente incomum, o câncer de testículo é potencialmente mortal e sua gravidade não deve ser subestimada, devendo ser diagnosticado e tratado o mais precocemente possível. Possui elevada chance de cura, com tratamento cirúrgico definitivo, após diagnóstico confirmatório, na maioria dos casos, permitindo ao indivíduo acometido ter uma vida normal. Assim, mais estudos são necessários para revelar as razões do aumento de casos de câncer de testículo no Brasil e no mundo, para entender se as diferenças regionais estão relacionadas ao número de casos ou se é falha no diagnóstico e registro, bem como servirem de base para ações do poder público, no sentido de planejar e executar políticas dirigidas ao combate dos fatores desencadeantes dessa doença.