bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The City Mayor as a Policy Entrepreneur of Sustainable Development: Evidence from a Highly- Urbanized City in the Philippines, 2016–2019
Authors: Blanco Dennis V.
Published: September 2024

Using the elite and expert interview approaches, the article situates the city mayor of a highly urbanized city in the Philippines as a policy entrepreneur championing sustainable development based on Mintrom and Norman’s (2009) four essential qualities of policy entrepreneurs, namely, social acuity, problem-solving, leading by example, and team-building as supported by the narratives and discourses culled from an elite interview and reinforced by relevant literature, documents, independent sources and scholars. More importantly, the article seeks to discover the policy-entrepreneurial qualities of the city mayor on sustainable development, analyze the sustainable development issues and challenges the city mayor encounter, and synthesize how the city mayor addresses such issues and challenges as a problem-solver. Finally, the article implies the necessity of exploring policy entrepreneurship as a potential research thrust in the context of sustainable development particularly at the local government which is the level of governance closest to the people.
Practices and Challenges in Documenting Endangered Jewish Languages
Authors: Benor Sarah Bunin , Tirosh-Becker Ofra
Published: September 2024

This forum brings together nine researchers to offer their perspectives on the process of language documentation. Questions include how they find speakers, how they conduct their research, and what linguistic data and metadata they collect. We asked about practical and scholarly issues that have arisen in their fieldwork, including speakers avoiding stigmatized linguistic features and exhibiting influences from Modern Hebrew. Some of the points apply specifically to Jewish languages, and others are generalizable to endangered language documentation or even linguistic research more broadly.
Hydromagnetic Non-Newtonian Nanofluid Flow Past Linealy Stretching Convergent-Divergent Conduit with Chemical Reaction
Authors: Wachira Paul , Ngugi Mathew , Phineas Roy
Published: September 2024

This paper investigates hydromagnetic non-Newtonian nanofluid flow past linearly stretching convergent-divergent conduit with chemical reaction using spectral ralaxation method. The fluid considered here is electrically conducting and is subjected to a constant pressure gradient and variable magnetic field. The two non-parallel walls are assumed not to intersect and the angle between the inclined walls is θ. The governing equations are continuity equation, momentum equation, species concentration, induction equation and energy equation. On modelling, the resulting partial differential equations are non-linear and are first transformed into system of ordinary differential equations through similarity transformation. The resulting boundary value problem is solved numerically using Spectral Relaxation Method. The results obtained after varying Hartman number, Unsteadiness parameter, Reynolds number, Solutal and Thermal Grashof number on velocity, concentration, temperature and induction profiles are represented in form of graphs. Some of the application of this study are, when extracting the energy from earth crust that varies in length between five to ten kilometres and temperature in between 500° and 1000°, nano-fluids are employed to cool the machinery and equipment working under high friction and high temperature. This present study considers nanofluid acting as a coolant of such equipment as well as acting as a lubricant thus reducing the rate of wear and tear of the equipment. The copper-water increases the thermophysical properties thus increasing heat transfer coefficient and hence increasing cooling rate.
The Modeling and Optimization of a Multi-dam System
Authors: Xie Pengcheng
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we present a maintenance plan for the Kariba Dam in Africa. The Kariba Dam, a double curvature concrete arch dam in Zambia's capital, is crucial for regional energy and water management. Ensuring its safety and functionality is essential. This study provides a comprehensive analysis and maintenance plan to safeguard the dam's long-term viability. Our mathematical analysis begins with a threshold evaluation of three proposed options, considering costs such as relocation, dam removal, construction of new dams, repairs, and ecological damage, as well as benefits like energy generation, flood prevention, employment, tourism, and ecological protection. The data-driven analysis indicates that our option is the most economically viable. We assess water management capabilities, using them as a safety coefficient for the dams. We selected 30 seed points along the riverbank to establish dams. Our recommendation is to increase the number of dams and ensure their strategic distribution. An assessment model based on the analytic hierarchy process was then developed, focusing on three factors: safety, economy, and population. We determined the weights of each factor. The optimal scheme was identified through this model, and the sensitivity of the results was also evaluated. The greatest impact under extreme conditions was found. This paper provides the details of the theoretical analysis and the numerical experiments, which include the use of modeling, optimization, mathematical programming, and so on.
Powell-Eyring Nanofluid Flow over a Stretching Sheet
Authors: Mwamba Nictor
Published: September 2024

This research investigates the flow of a Powell-Eyring Nanofluid flowing over an exponentially stretching sheet. Thermal radiation, Soret, dissipation, and Dufour effects have been put into consideration. The obtained partial differential equations(PDE) have been transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODE) using similarity transformation. Numerical solutions are obtained in MATLAB using bvp4c frame work of fourth order accuracy integration scheme. It has been observed that the boundary layer for momentum increases with the velocity ratio while the boundary layers for thermal and concentration decrease. The velocity diminishes with increasing magnetic parameter while the temperature and concentration increased. The temperature increases with an increase in thermophoresis and Brownian motion. Increasing the fluid parameter resulted in decreased Nusselt number, skin friction, and Sherwood number. Increasing Powell-Eyring fluid parameter decreases the Nusselt number and Sherwood number but increases skin friction. This research may find use in the development of microelectronics, chemical processes, human targeted drug delivery, and heating and cooling system.
Addressing Soil Acidity Challenges: Promoting Tea Production as Alternative Crop in Ethiopia -- Review
Authors: Shehasen Mohammedsani
Published: September 2024

The prevalence of acidic soils in Ethiopia presents a significant obstacle to improving agricultural productivity and restricts the implementation of sustainable farming practices that could enhance food security. Acidic soils are typically defined by their high concentration of hydrogen ions and a lack of essential nutrients, which collectively create an environment that is less conducive to the growth of many vital staple crops. Consequently, farmers faced with these conditions often struggle to achieve optimal yields, which exacerbates food scarcity and undermines economic stability. To effectively combat the issues posed by acidic soils, it is imperative to adopt targeted soil management strategies that are specifically designed to address these challenges. This may include the implementation of soil reclamation techniques that aim to neutralize soil acidity and restore nutrient balance. Additionally, comprehensive initiatives must be undertaken to promote agricultural resilience, which could involve the cultivation of alternative crops that are better suited to thrive in acidic conditions, such as tea. This paper aims to provide a thorough examination of several key aspects related to the development and management of acidic soils in Ethiopia. It will investigate into the processes that contribute to the formation of acid soils, as well as the various types of acid soil present in the country, explore the distribution of acidic soils throughout Ethiopia, highlighting areas that are particularly affected and the implications for local farming practices. Furthermore, the analysis will address the specific impact of soil acidity on crop growth, yield, and quality. It will investigate how soil acidity influences the availability of essential nutrients for plants, thereby affecting the overall health and productivity of crops grown in these conditions. The promotion of tea production in Ethiopia is another critical topic that tea cultivation not only offers a viable alternative crop but also presents opportunities for economic development and diversification in agricultural systems. The mechanisms that confer aluminum resistance in tea plants will be discussed, as well as the ways in which aluminum can stimulate growth in these crops, thereby illustrating the unique resilience of tea plants in acidic environments. By addressing these complex issues holistically, the paper seeks to contribute valuable insights and foster a deeper understanding of how to navigate the challenges posed by acidic soils in the Ethiopian agricultural landscape.
Using Experiments, 3D Scanning, and CFD to Analyze the Variance in Energy Losses Through Pipe Elbows
Authors: Pack Adam , Barfuss Steven , Sharp Zachary
Published: September 2024

Pipe bends, or elbows, cause energy loss in pipelines due to the flow conditions they create. This energy loss has traditionally been approximated based on published minor loss coefficients, known as k-factors. However, the energy losses of elbows can vary based on geometric characteristics, which may not be accounted for in the published k-factors. The purpose of this research was to quantify the variance in energy loss resulting from elbows with geometric differences and to determine appropriate methods for approximating these variances using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Eight polyvinyl chloride (PVC) elbows were physically tested in a hydraulic laboratory to determine the individual loss coefficients. The resulting data show that the minor loss coefficient k for two short-radius elbows of the same nominal size can vary by up to 51%. The same tests on two of the elbows were repeated using CFD, in which they were modeled two different ways: 1) using the ideal geometry and 2) using the actual geometry. The actual geometry was captured using 3D scanning. Each geometry was used in a series of simulations, and the results were compared to the experimental data. The CFD simulations were able to reproduce similar variances between the two elbows as displayed in the physical tests, although they were unable to reproduce the same k-factors. When compared to the experimental k-factor data, using the actual geometries captured by 3D scanning was not consistently more accurate than using idealized geometries.
Finger Millet (Eleusine Coracana (L.) Gaertn) Production Status, Challenges, and Seed Source in Ethiopia; A Review
Authors: Melese Bethlehem , Sisay Werotaw , Garkebo Hailu
Published: September 2024

Similar to other cereal crops finger millet is being produced in a large volume in Ethiopia, as they are the principal staple food crop. Finger millet is considered as underutilized cereal crop which is commonly grown in the northern, west-northern, and western parts of the country and it is considered as a crop which is important to overcome malnutrition. Regions including Tigray, Amhara, Oromiya, Benishangul-Gumuz, Southern Nation and Nationalities Peoples (SNNP) and Gambela are considered as the potential regions for the production of finger millet in Ethiopia. Relatively, it is considered as drought tolerant as compared to other major cereals such as rice, wheat, and barley. In addition to this finger millet is considered as a highly resilient crop which can grow in different weather conditions, including drought, floods, and marginal soils. In Ethiopia it is commonly grown for the preparation of local foods like ‘injera’ and porridge and local drink such as ‘areki’ or ‘tella’. About 26 varieties of finger millet are cultivated in main season in the country. In Ethiopia, there are a limited source of cereal crop seeds which includes, farmer’s own saved seeds and government seed distributing companies. In this review the status of production, seed source and nutritional importance of finger millet in Ethiopia is presented.
Economic Efficiency of Potato Production by Smallholder Farmers in West Arsi Zone, Oromia Region Ethiopia
Authors: Bati Beriso
Published: September 2024

This study investigated Economic Efficiency of Potato Production in West Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 117 respondents randomly selected from designated locations in West Arsi Zone. A stochastic production frontier function was fitted to the sample households. The result revealed that the mean TE, AE and EE was about 75.60%, 91.41% and 69.07% of for potato production. The sum of the partial elasticity of all inputs were 1.17 for Potato indicating an increase in all inputs at the sample mean by one percent increase by 1.17%. This indicates that the production function is characterized by increasing returns to scale productions. The result of Tobit model estimation indicated that the technical efficiency of Potato production in West Arsi Zone is significantly influenced by the variables potato farming experience, education level, social participation and Extension contact affect efficiency positively while, distance to FTC affect technical efficiency negatively. The mean potato yield difference between sample farmer due to technical efficiency variation was 31.04 qt per ha. District office of Agriculture, stockholders and concerned bodies should focus on farmers experience sharing, providing technical support and farmers practice different social participation to improve his/her income could jointly contribute to the improvement in efficiency of Potato farmers in West Arsi Zone.
Application of Lagrange Multiplier for Solving Non – Homogenous Differential Equations
Authors: Basak Partha
Published: September 2024

The Lagrange Multiplier method has been applied in solving the regular Sturm Liouville (RSL) equation under a boundary condition of the first kind (Dirichlet boundary condition). This method is a very powerful tool for solving the RSL equation and it involves the solution of the RSL equation with the expansion of eigenfunctions into trigonometric series. The efficiency of this approach is emphasized by solving two examples of regular Sturm Liouville problem under homogenous Dirichlet boundary conditions. The methodology is effectively demonstrated, and the results show a high degree of accuracy of the solution in comparison with the exact solution and reasonably fast convergence.
Cross-Sectional Analysis of Demographic Factors Influencing Health Research Utilization in Nigeria
Authors: Avwerhota Michael , Daniel Ebenezer , Avwerhota Oladayo , Popoola Taiwo , Popoola Israel , Ogun Adebanke , Bello Ahmed , Tomori Michael , Salami Aisha , Ekwuluo Celestine , Alewi Olukayode , Janet Aremu
Published: September 2024

Health research utilization is essential for evidence-based policymaking and the implementation of effective health interventions. This cross-sectional study analyzes demographic factors influencing the utilization of health research in Nigeria, focusing on public health professionals and policymakers. The study employed a cross-sectional descriptive design and used a purposive sampling method to recruit participants from various public health and health policy platforms. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire administered via Google Survey. The study reveals a predominant participation of female respondents (56.5%) and a mean participant age of 41.5 years, with a significant concentration in the 41-50 years age group. The majority hold a master’s degree in public health (58.5%), reflecting the high academic qualifications within the sector. Despite this, the perceived utilization of research findings is overwhelmingly poor, highlighting a substantial gap between research production and practical application. The study finds significant relationships between age and perceptions of research utilization, suggesting that mid-career professionals may have different views on the challenges and opportunities for integrating research into health policy. These findings underscore the need for targeted strategies to enhance the practical application of health research, emphasizing the importance of improving access to research findings and ensuring their relevance to local contexts. This research contributes to understanding the barriers to effective knowledge translation and suggests avenues for fostering a more evidence-based approach to public health in Nigeria.
Dietary Fat Intake on Metabolic Health: An in-Depth Analysis of Epidemiological, Clinical, and Animal Studies
Authors: Ofori Samuel , Dwomoh Joshua , Owusu Prince , Kwakye Divine , Kyeremeh Osei , Frimpong Dennis , Aggrey Martin
Published: September 2024

Background: The consumption of dietary fat plays a vital role in the maintenance of metabolic health as it exerts impact over several physiological processes, including lipid profiles, inflammation, and insulin sensitivity, among other factors. The aim of this comprehensive review seeks to assess the influence of dietary fat consumption on metabolic processes. Methods: An exhaustive and methodical exploration of pertinent databases, such as Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus, was undertaken to identify animal studies, clinical trials, and epidemiological research. The search terms included "dietary fat," "metabolic health," "epidemiological studies," "clinical trials," and "animal studies". Result: Animal studies demonstrate that high intake of saturated fat impairs insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, while unsaturated fats such as monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have beneficial effects. Observational studies in humans reveal that higher intake of saturated fat is associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, whereas unsaturated fats lower the risk. Conclusion: Clinical trials have further supported the importance of replacing SFAs with healthier fats, such as MUFAs and PUFAs, particularly omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, in improving metabolic health markers in human subjects. Instead of advising against fats altogether, it is important to specify the preferred types of fats to be consumed as part of a healthy diet and lifestyle.
Revision of the Genus Aethalodes with a New Subspecies from Anhui, China (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae)
Authors: Yeyong Zhou , Zengfa Ding
Published: September 2024

Aethalodes is a tiny genus in the subfamily Lamiinae Latreille, 1825 of the family Cerambycidae Latreille, 1802. It was established in 1888 with Aethalodes verrucosus Gahan, 1988 as the type species. In order to have a better and more complete understanding of this genus and the two known subspecies, the scientific literature on the genus and 2 known subspecies was traced with the original descriptions carefully studied, and all the type specimens available are found to be female adults, which have been examined and compared with each other and also with the identified male specimens from other reliable sources. A revision of the genus Aethalodes and the two known subspecies has been made, as the original descriptions of the genus and nominate type subspecies by Gahan were incomplete and somewhat defective in lack of the male type specimen. The subspecies Aethalodes verrucosus formosanus Kriesche, 1924 is raised back to species level as A. verrucosus formosanus Kriesche, 1924 based on the newly-found significant differences in the length of the antennae as the decisive feature distinguishing it from A. verrucosus as an independent species. Fieldwork has been carried out to try to find and collect Aethalodes specimens with light and net trappings, and a new subspecies, Aethalodes verrucosus anhuiensis subsp. nov. is described from China’s Anhui Province with images, whose unique partial white squamosity on the black body is distinguished from the dark brown squamosity of the nominate subspecies. Both Aethalodes verrucosus verrucosus Gahan, 1988 and the newly-found subspecies may be rare in China. More field surveys are required to find and observe Aethalodes adults, their host plants and habitat in China, and efforts should be made to collect more specimens for further study.
Bangla Optical Character Recognition for Mobile Platforms: A Comprehensive Cross-Platform Approach
Authors: Sharmin Sabrina , Mim Tasauf , Rahman Mohammad
Published: September 2024

The development of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems for Bangla script has been an area of active research since the 1980s. This study presents a comprehensive analysis and development of a cross-platform mobile application for Bangla OCR, leveraging the Tesseract OCR engine. The primary objective is to enhance the recognition accuracy of Bangla characters, achieving rates between 90% and 99%. The application is designed to facilitate the automatic extraction of text from images selected from the device's photo library, promoting the preservation and accessibility of Bangla language materials. This paper discusses the methodology, including the preparation of training datasets, preprocessing steps, and the integration of the Tesseract OCR engine within a Dart programming environment for cross-platform functionality. This integration provides that the application could be introduced on mobile platforms without substantial alterations. The results demonstrate significant improvements in recognition accuracy, making this application a valuable tool for various practical applications such as data entry for printed Bengali documents, automatic recognition of Bangla number plates, and the digital archiving of vintage Bangla books. These improvements are crucial to further enhance the usability and reliability of Bangla OCR on mobile devices. Our cross-platform method for Bangla OCR on mobile devices provides a strong solution with exceptional identification accuracy, which helps in preserving and making Bangla language information accessible in digital format. This study has significant implications for future research and advancement in the field of optical character recognition (OCR) for intricate writing systems, especially in mobile settings.
Implementing a Three-Step Security Protocol for Advanced Online Election Systems: A Novel Approach
Authors: Nandy Dia , Maiti Arghyadeep , Dhar Moloy , Barman Barna , Aich Anish
Published: September 2024

Organization of voting is the strength of character of all equalitarianism and system. Our country utilize an offline voting systems that are incompetent and disorganized by cause of the demand for abundant man power, and more refinement time for announcement outcome. Our Online Voting System aims at minimizing the division between traditional voting methods by facilitating and updating them. Our system makes it possible for voters to vote their favorable candidates from home through safe and stable online voting. By integrating India's Aadhaar card system and implementing OTPs (One Time Passwords) for better security, ensure a resilient and trustworthy voting process with full integrity. Once they login, voters are led through a strict authentication rules that checks for the genuineness of their ID cards before allowing them to continue. This comprehensive verification mechanism provides that only individuals who meet the requirements are able to participate thereby considerably decreasing the chance for electoral fraud. In addition to that, we also ensure that the system gives space to vote in secret and the votes are protected using strong cryptography measures. Our platform aims at fulfilling this object by leveraging advanced technologies. In this regard, we work towards a better and more egalitarian and democratic electoral system.
Central Asian and Northern Cyprus Water Desalination Experience
Authors: Leman Maxim
Published: September 2024

Water supply in Famagusta, Northern Cyprus, presents a significant challenge, warranting detailed examination of the region's water management practices. Drawing parallels with the desalination experiences in Central Asia and Northern Cyprus, this manuscript explores the intricate relationship between water infrastructure and the multifaceted challenges faced during young researchers experience exchange internship between Kazakhstan and Northern Cyprus. Through a comprehensive analysis of water desalination experiences and the evolution of water supply facilities in both regions, this study provides insights into effective water usage. Central Asia and Northern Cyprus share similar climate conditions and challenges in water management, thus serving as valuable case studies for understanding optimal water resource utilization. This paper emphasizes the significance of adopting a comprehensive approach to address the complexities of water supply. Current research underscores the importance of sustainable practices and innovative solutions in ensuring water security, particularly in the face of climate change. Sharing knowledge and experiences is crucial for addressing the challenges posed by climate change and ensuring the resilience of water management systems. Key terms such as water desalination, water management in Cyprus, and water issues in Central Asia are meticulously explored, offering valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners in the field of water resource management.
Association of Cow Drying off Practices with Milk Yield and Udder Health Outcomes in Peri-Urban Smallholder Dairy Herds
Authors: Sonko Landing , Bebe Bockline , Ondiek James
Published: September 2024

In peri-urban smallholder dairy herds, farmers face challenges in drying off cows due to a lack of evidence-based recommendations. This study examined the associations between cow drying-off practices, mean milk yield at drying off and during early successive lactation, and the odds of mastitis and udder leakage cases in herds around Nakuru city, Kenya. A cross-sectional survey of 232 cows across 172 herds was conducted. Mean milk yield was determined using a general linear model, while the odds ratios for mastitis and udder leakage were estimated using a binary logistic regression model, with drying-off practice, cow breed, and dairy management intensification as explanatory variables. All the three explanatory variables were significantly associated (p<0.05) with mean milk yield at drying off, early successive lactation, and the occurrence of mastitis and udder leakages. Cessation of milking (57.3%) was more common than abrupt cessation (42.7%). Mean milk yield was 2.6 liters/day at drying off and 13.4 liters/day during early successive lactation. Teat sealants were applied to cows producing more than 5 liters/day, while gradual reduction in milking, complete cessation of milking, or dry-cow therapy was used for cows producing less than 3 liters/day. During early successive lactation, cows dried off using teat sealant, salt application, stopping concentrate feeding, or gradual reduction in milking produced more milk (14 liters/day) than those dried off by abrupt cessation or dry-cow therapy (10-12 liters/day).Relative to abrupt cessation, the odds of mastitis and udder leakage were lower (p<0.05) with dry-cow therapy (odds ratio 0.12; 0.12), gradual cessation of milking (odds ratio 0.22; 0.29), or stopping concentrate feeding (odds ratio 0.14; 0.26). The study found that gradual reduction in milking (47%) and abrupt cessation of milking (22%) were the most common drying-off practices. These methods are effective for cows producing less than 3 liters/day at the start of drying off and do not result in milk loss during early successive lactation. However, abrupt cessation of milking is more likely to result in poor udder health outcomes. Though teat sealant was rarely used (3.9%), it proved effective for cows producing more than 5 liters/day, maintaining milk production and udder health during early successive lactation. These findings provide crucial insights for farmers on selecting appropriate drying-off practices to optimize milk yield and udder health.
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of a Medicinal Plant Recipe from Burkina Faso
Authors: Zongo Pengdwendé , Bayala Bagora , Zongo Luc , Yonli Albert , Compaore Jean , Simpore Jacques
Published: September 2024

Background: Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are crucial factors in the development of various diseases, such as hepatitis and cancer. In the case of hepatitis, persistent inflammation of the liver contributes to cellular damage and progression to more severe stages of the disease. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of a recipe, Hepatib tiben, traditionally used in the treatment of viral hepatitis B, and often associated with Momordica charantia in the treatment of liver cancer in Burkina Faso. Material and Methods: The recipe and associated plants were infused, macerated and the yields were evaluated and being freeze-dried. The extracts obtained were used to determine the total content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds by measuring the antioxidant activity through the FRAP, DPPH and ABTS methods and then the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory properties by inhibition of 15-LOX and COX 1 & 2. Results: The aqueous infusion of Hepatib tiben had the best yield, the highest content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, an antioxidant activity comparable to that of Rutin, by the FRAP method, DPPH and ABTS method. But the best antioxidant activity by FRAP method was observed with the DCM fraction. It is on the other hand the hydroalcoholic extract which had the best anti-inflammatory activity by the inhibition of the 15-LOX. Both Aqueous and Hydroalcoholic Extracts inhibited COX 1 & 2. Momortica charantia had high phenolic content and significant antioxidant activity by FRAP, DPPH and ABTS methods. Conclusion: These observations suggest that the recipe of traditional medicinal plants used in Burkina Faso could be beneficial in the treatment of inflammatory conditions and oxidative stress. Further studies are needed to identify the active compounds responsible for these activities and to assess their safety and clinical effectiveness.
Application of Fractal Dimension for Cardiac Arrhythmias Classification
Authors: Sabrine Ben , Taoufik Aguili
Published: September 2024

Fractal analysis is crucial for understanding complex, irregular patterns found in nature, finance, and various scientific fields. It helps to reveal self-similarity, where structures repeat at different scales, providing insights into chaotic systems like weather patterns, stock markets, and biological growth. By applying fractal analysis, researchers can model phenomena that traditional geometric methods cannot easily describe, enabling better predictions and deeper comprehension of dynamic systems. The Fractals are a fascinating mathematical tool for modeling the roughness of nature and understanding structure of such complex objects. They are considered a tool for understanding the world. In general, fractal objects are characterized by the fractal dimension. The application of fractal geometry to the analysis of ECG time series data is examined in this paper. A method based on the assessment of the Fractal Dimension (FD) of ECG recordings is suggested for the identification of cardiac diseases. In this work, and in order to exploit the fractal dimension to analyze fractal signals, the notion of fractal dimension is defined by presenting methods for calculating this dimension such as Higuchi algorithm, Katz method, regularization, box-counting etc… Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. This study has shown that the electrocardiogram (ECG) is a fractal signal. This allows to classify heartbeats founded on the concept of fractals. The main aim is to develop a digital technique to analyze ECG signals in order to make an accurate diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases.
Changes in the Prevalence of Diabetes in Bulgaria over an 18-Year Period (2006-2024)
Authors: Borissova Anna-Maria , Trifonova Boyana , Dakovska Lilia , Topchieva Neriman , Vukov Mircho
Published: September 2024

The international medical community is increasingly aware that diabetes is a major global health threat and poses increasing challenges to public health and health systems worldwide. Aim: To compare the results of three national cross-sectional studies on diabetes prevalence in Bulgaria (2006, 2012 and 2024) and to assess the dynamics. Material and Methods: The three studies included 2396, 2033 and 936 subjects respectively. The United Nation / The International Diabetes Federation (2006) diagnostic criteria were applied, and the data were evaluated according to type of settlement and age. Results: Diabetes prevalence was 7.9% in 2006 and 9.55% in 2012 (p = 0.06). This difference is due to the greater rise in men (9.2% to 11.5%, p = 0.09) compared to women (6.9% to 7.7%, NS). In the next period, 2012 - 2024, the prevalence of diabetes in general, as well as the prevalence in men and women increased significantly. (Diabetes in general - from 9.6% to 15.7%, p < 0.001; diabetic men - from 11.5% to 21.2%, p < 0.001; diabetic women – from 7.8% to 10.4%, p < 0.016). The prevalence of diabetes nearly doubled, while the population decreased and its structure, lifestyle and diet changed. Obesity significantly increased over a 18-year period - 2024 vs. 2006 (33.3% vs. 26.7%, p < 0.001). The prevalence of diabetes increased with age, with significant rise in the 30-39 age group for 2012 - 2024, from 1.7% to 4.5% (p < 0.047) and more sharply when comparing 2006 - 2024 – from 0.9% to 4.5% (p < 0.002). There was a similar increase in the next age group. For the age 60-79, the prevalence reached 29.9%, i.e. every third person. As arterial hypertension is significantly more common in diabetics, its role as a risk factor is indisputable. Conclusion: The health care system should be readjusted according to the new reality for early diagnose of diabetes in risk groups and adequate modern care.
Designing an Effective Minimum Wage Policy for Sustainable Development in India
Authors: Mansoor Kashif
Published: September 2024

The articulated objectives of the minimum wage policy in India—specifically targeting poverty alleviation, reducing income inequality, promoting gender equity, and encouraging responsible consumption—are fundamentally aligned with the broader principles of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These policy goals, if effectively implemented, have the potential to make substantial contributions toward the achievement of multiple SDGs, particularly those related to ending poverty (SDG 1), reducing inequalities (SDG 10), promoting gender equality (SDG 5), and ensuring decent work and economic growth (SDG 8). However, the complex structure of minimum wages in India poses several challenges to achieving these outcomes. Among these challenges, we specifically discuss partial coverage, low rates of minimum wage fixation and a high incidence of noncompliance. The limited coverage undermines the effectiveness of minimum wage policies as a tool for poverty reduction and income redistribution. Noncompliance not only denies workers their rightful earnings but also perpetuates cycles of poverty and inequality. It particularly affects vulnerable groups, such as women and rural workers, who are more likely to be employed in sectors with weak enforcement of wage standards. By surveying some recent empirical literature, we identify the significance of minimum wages in mitigating poverty, income inequality and promoting gender equality and decent work. Literature from India suggests that minimum wages if implemented with full compliance would reduce poverty by 7-10 percent and gender wage gap up to 18 percent. Further, we elaborate briefly on strengthening the minimum wages. Universalising the legal coverage of minimum wages is the first step towards an effective minimum wage policy. Fixing adequate levels of minimum wages and then revising them from time to time with inflation indexing is the next important step. Lastly we argue that enabling a conducive environment for firms; compliance is the most crucial. This paper is intended to stimulate further discussion and reflection on the vital role that minimum wage policies can play in advancing the SDGs in India. By linking minimum wages more explicitly to the SDGs, policymakers can develop more integrated and effective strategies to tackle poverty, reduce inequality, and promote sustainable economic growth. The goal is to ensure that minimum wages not only provide a safety net for workers but also contribute to broader social and economic development objectives.
Research on the Practice and Strategy of Community Cultural Education Under the Common Prosperity
Authors: Zhenglong Yu , Mengjia Wu
Published: September 2024

Haining is located in the Hangjia Lake Plain, and its economic development is rapid. With the surrounding demolition and the surplus labor of rural areas, the phenomenon of "aging aging" and "population gathering" are becoming more and more prominent. Chinese society is in a period of important transformation, diversified value collisions, and complex social environment. Therefore, the construction of targeted communities has gradually attracted much attention. Essence. With the goal of achieving common prosperity, this paper explores the practical forms and strategies of community cultural education in promoting the development of common prosperity for community residents, managing community residents, and enhancing cultural literacy. Through practical implementation, research and statistics, analyze the current resource allocation, activity development, and resident participation in community cultural education. Fully leverage the educational resources of local universities, combine with regional cultural backgrounds, and carry out community cultural education practices with traditional culture as the core. Research has found that community cultural practice education through school local collaboration can stimulate residents' sense of participation and creativity, enhance cohesion and centripetal force, and promote harmonious community management. The study proposes corresponding strategies and suggestions from three aspects: community, local universities, and government, which helps to promote the efficient and sustainable development of community cultural education.
The inclination of the Sri Lankan Sinhalese Village Community Towards Hela Medicine and Traditional Food and Drinks During the Post-COVID Pandemic Period
Authors: Ekanayaka Nimesha
Published: September 2024

The ancient village society lived with a focus on local Hela medicine and traditional food and drinks. The current village society is a group of people who live collectively while maintaining their ancient identity claiming a self-sufficient lifestyle. Against this background, the objective is to study the past situation and the modern nature and the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on it. Relevant information was obtained by using the data obtained through interviews with 58 rural households in Alagalla village belonging to Hatharaliyadda Divisional Secretariat Division and from the records of the village officer and the records of the local medical hall. According to these data, it was revealed that there is a wide knowledge and use of the traditional hand medicine of the past villagers in the sample of 10 people over 60 years old. But in the later period, it is possible to identify the distance from this due to leaning towards the Western medicine system, focusing on fast food, and not paying much attention to local medicines. With the after-effects of the Corona epidemic and people's attention being focused on local medicines and food and drinks, the focus was again on this. This is 100% according to the data. The temptation to grow local foods of the past can be identified. It is 80 days according to the data. Among those crops, turmeric, figs, dandila, milk yam, cassava, herbs, and vegetables are the main ones. In the post-COVID pandemic period, trust in local food and Hela medicine has been gained due to Western doctors advising on the use of local herbs, rural people turning to Hela medicine due to the side effects of vaccinations, and increased media awareness. Among the local medicines, the use of a decoction of katupila, Nelli, Aralu, Bulu, Rasakinda, Honey, Nika, Tumba, etc. can be mentioned. Based on this background, introducing Hela medicine as a successful treatment method in the post-Corona period and improving local medicine are the main tasks to be done here. It is correct to say that there is a timely need to discuss the preservation of this valuable wealth of knowledge in Hela medicine as an intangible cultural heritage and its use in current practices. The study revealed that in the wake of the post-COVID epidemic, there is a renewed understanding of Hela medicine and local food and drinks among the rural people.
A Forward-Looking Vision to Employ Artificial Intelligence to Preserve Cultural Heritage
Authors: Eyadah Heba , Odaibat Anas
Published: September 2024

The study aimed to build a forward-looking vision for employing artificial intelligence in preserving cultural heritage, preserving cultural heritage, principles, values, customs and traditions, in light of globalization, technological progress and the dissolution of cultural identity and cultural heritage, through analyzing and reviewing previous research, studies and educational literature during the years (2022/2023). To ensure an integrated forward-looking therapeutic vision according to clear steps to achieve the targeted use of artificial intelligence applications and the sustainability of cultural heritage for future generations. The current study differs from previous studies in the study methodology, as it adopts the analytical approach, and based on previous studies and the theoretical framework, the two researchers built the proposed forward-looking vision for employing artificial intelligence in preserving cultural heritage. This vision included 11 fields that were as follows: digitization, preservation, restoration and preservation, language. Translation, documentation of cultural heritage, archaeological discoveries, virtual and augmented reality, preservation of oral traditions, crowdsourcing data, ethical considerations, global cooperation, education and awareness. In light of the results, the study recommends strengthening cooperation between institutions concerned with preserving cultural heritage and bodies specialized in the field artificial intelligence. This aims to exchange experiences and knowledge and coordinate efforts to apply artificial intelligence in this field. It also recommends developing standards and ethics for the use of artificial intelligence in the field of cultural heritage preservation. This is to ensure the responsible and ethical use of this technology.
Issues of Adaptation and Ethnic Struggle of Southeast Asian Migrant Workers in a Foreign Land - Taking Migrant Workers in Taiwan as an Example
Authors: Chuang Yun-Hao , Huang Hao-Chun
Published: September 2024

This study aims to explore the adaptation process of Southeast Asian migrant workers in Taiwan and the ethnic struggles they face. Utilizing social science observational methods and literature analysis, the research focuses on the complex interactions between migrant workers and the local society, particularly the conflicts and collaborations among different ethnic groups. The findings indicate that Southeast Asian migrant workers, while living in a foreign land, must not only overcome cultural differences and language barriers but also face structural discrimination and exclusion from the local society. These phenomena can be understood through the theoretical frameworks of nationalism and racism. Nationalism emphasizes the impact of national identity on social integration, while racism reveals the existing power inequalities and exclusion mechanisms within society. Additionally, the theory of multicultural formation provides insights into how different ethnic groups interact and coexist in shared spaces. Despite these challenges, migrant workers demonstrate strong adaptive abilities, gradually achieving social integration by establishing community support networks and actively participating in local economic activities. This study aims to provide empirical recommendations for migrant worker policies and social integration strategies to promote the coexistence and development of multiculturalism, as well as to offer a theoretical foundation for future related research. Finally, this paper summarizes the following conclusions and follow-up suggestions: first, "cross-cultural conflict" will make the physical and mental conditions of foreign migrant workers unhealthy, and management measures should be based on "human rights issues" to allow foreign migrant workers to have a certain degree of freedom and development in their right to work and socialize, so enterprises should formulate relevant measures to allow foreign migrant workers to get physical and mental adjustment in a foreign land. to promote more effective communication and cooperation.
Factors Affecting Rainwater Harvesting Practices: In Case of Assosa Town, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonen Yimam , Melis Bekalu
Published: September 2024

In many parts of the world, conventional water supplies do not exist, are unreliable or prohibitively expensive. Many actual or potential water shortages can be alleviated if the practice of rainwater harvesting becomes widespread. A study was conducted to evaluate the factors affecting rainwater harvesting practices in Assosa city. The reason for starting the research is that the municipality of Assosa suffers from a severe water shortage, especially at the end of the dry season. The study involved 99 randomly selected respondents and purposively selected respondents using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were collected using a combination of data collection methods including survey interviews, key informant interviews, and direct observation. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency tables to draw conclusions and recommendations. The results showed that lack of funding played a key role in the adoption of rainwater harvesting and, furthermore, lack of information and poor technology contributed to the failure to adopt rainwater harvesting for domestic use. It was determined that roofing materials were not a problem in the area, but storage areas and gutters hindered rainwater collection. We therefore concluded that the implementation of rainwater harvesting systems in Assosa town was hampered by the lack of resources required for the installation of rainwater harvesting systems. In addition, inadequate accesses to information, particularly for women, and lack of knowledge about the maintenance of rainwater harvesting technologies have contributed to the lack of widespread adoption of rainwater harvesting. We recommend making a conscious effort to subsidize rainwater harvesting in this area. The study also recommends strengthening municipal capacities in the area of rainwater harvesting technology, which is expected to be important for improving rainwater harvesting technology.