bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenotyping of immediate‐type food allergies based on 10 years of research: A latent class analysis
Authors: Takahashi Kyohei , Yanagida Noriyuki , Itonaga Takaaki , Nishino Makoto , Nagakura Ken‐ichi , Ogura Kiyotake , Sato Sakura , Ebisawa Motohiro
Published: November 2022

Background

Food allergy is a disease with a diverse and variable natural history, and some patients may react to two or more food antigens. This study aimed to classify and characterize the long‐term prognosis of infantile‐onset, immediate‐type food allergies, focusing on three major antigens in Japan: egg, milk, and wheat.

Methods

All children who visited our hospital with food allergies, including suspected cases, were prospectively registered in our medical database. Among the children in this database, subjects registered by the age of 1 year with immediate‐type symptoms or sensitization to the above three antigens were included. The course of the subjects up to the age of 6 years was analyzed. Cox regression analysis and repeated‐measures latent class analysis (LCA) were performed to reveal risk factors and tolerance patterns for food allergies.

Results

We included 915 patients with immediate‐type food allergy symptoms and 276 sensitized asymptomatic patients in this study. The number of patients with immediate‐type symptoms to egg, milk, and wheat was 609, 443, and 235, respectively. The number of patients with multiple food allergies was 302. The proportion of patients with tolerance to egg, milk, and wheat at 6 years of age was 74%, 69%, and 75%, respectively. LCA revealed 7 classes of prognosis for food allergies. The largest class was transient egg allergy alone (19.6%), and there were severe cases of multiple food allergies (6.5%).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated the prognosis of food allergy classes in Japan, including multiple food allergies, with 7 classes with its own characteristics.
Can non‐directed living liver donation help improve access to grafts and correct socioeconomic disparities in pediatric liver transplantation?
Authors: Yoeli Dor , Feldman Amy G. , Choudhury Rashikh A. , Moore Hunter B. , Sundaram Shikha S. , Nydam Trevor L. , Wachs Michael E. , Pomfret Elizabeth A. , Adams Megan A. , Jackson Whitney E.
Published: November 2022

Background

Each year, children die awaiting LT as the demand for grafts exceeds the available supply. Candidates with public health insurance are significantly less likely to undergo both deceased donor LT and D‐LLD LT. ND‐LLD is another option to gain access to a graft. The aim of this study was to evaluate if recipient insurance type is associated with likelihood of D‐LLD versus ND‐LLD LT.

Methods

The SRTR/OPTN database was reviewed for pediatric LDLT performed between January 1, 2014 (Medicaid expansion era) and December 31, 2019 at centers that performed ≥1 ND‐LLD LDLT during the study period. A multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess relationship between type of living donor (directed vs. non‐directed) and recipient insurance.

Results

Of 299 pediatric LDLT, 46 (15%) were from ND‐LLD performed at 18 transplant centers. Fifty‐nine percent of ND‐LLD recipients had public insurance in comparison to 40% of D‐LLD recipients (p = .02). Public insurance was associated with greater odds of ND‐LLD in comparison to D‐LLD upon multivariable logistic regression (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.23–4.58, p = .01).

Conclusions

ND‐LLD allows additional children to receive LTs and may help address some of the socioeconomic disparity in pediatric LDLT, but currently account for only a minority of LDLT and are only performed at a few institutions. Initiatives to improve access to both D‐LLD and ND‐LLD transplants are needed.
Fusarium isolates from Belgium causing wilt in lettuce show genetic and pathogenic diversity
Authors: Claerbout Jolien , Van Poucke Kris , Mestdagh Hanna , Delaere Ilse , Vandevelde Isabel , Venneman Sofie , Decombel An , Bleyaert Peter , Neukermans Jenny , Viaene Nicole , Heungens Kurt , Höfte Monica
Published: November 2022

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae race 4 causes vascular necrosis and wilting of lettuce. First observed in Belgium in 2015, the lack of disease resistance in commercial cultivars allowed this pathogen to spread to nearly the entire Belgian production area within 4 years. Different levels of disease development were observed in different commercial greenhouses. To help explain this variation, we collected 78 Fusarium isolates and characterized them both physiologically and genetically. Molecular race identification indicated that 91% of the isolates belonged to race 4, while 6% of the isolates belonged to race 1, which was not previously reported in Belgium. Pathogenicity assays using differential cultivars confirmed the molecular race assignment of selected isolates. Cultivar Patriot was identified as a suitable new differential cultivar to race 4. Race 4 isolates were more aggressive than race 1 isolates at 24°C, but only when using chlamydospore inoculum instead of a root dip assay containing microconidia. Variation in pathogenicity and aggressiveness of the races may explain differences in disease development in commercial greenhouses. Based on genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS), race 1 and race 4 isolates were highly similar to reference isolates. Fusarium curvatum, F. oxysporum f. sp. tulipae and F. oxysporum f. sp. rhois were phylogenetically separated from F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae races 1 and 4 based on the GBS data, but not when using multilocus sequence data. Within F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae race 4, the GBS data differentiated two rather homogeneous groups, suggesting at least two introductions. However, the two groups did not differ in aggressiveness.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A systemic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Haoran , Zhong Ai , Chen Junjie
Published: November 2022

Background

To evaluate the immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) for the treatment of patients with advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC).

Materials and methods

A meta‐analysis was conducted, and the efficacy and safety of CPI were assessed.

Results

A total of 13 studies with 980 patients were included. The pooled objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate were 47.2% and 64.4%, separately. In addition, patients with primary tumor located in head and neck (odds ratio [OR]: 0.374, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.219–0.640, p < 0.001) and positive expression of programmed death ligand 1 (OR: 0.364, 95% CI: 0.158–0.842, P = 0.018) had superior ORR during CPI treatment. The incidence of progression free survival at 6 and 12 months was 59.3% and 52.8%, and 80.6% and 76.4% for overall survival. As for safety, the overall incidence of adverse events with all grades and 3–4 grade was 76.9% and 20.2%.

Conclusions

Our systematic review confirmed the satisfying efficacy and acceptable toxicity of CPI for advanced CSCC.
Diagnostics to support mycetoma management—Development of two target product profiles
Authors: Fongwen Noah , Asiedu Kingsley B. , Bakhiet Sahar , Bonifaz Alexandro , Cruz Israel , Argaw Daniel , Estrada‐Chavez Guadalupe , Fahal Ahmed H. , Litvintseva Ana , Marks Michael , Salinas‐Carmona Mario C. , Sow Doudou , van de Sande Wendy W. J.
Published: November 2022

Objective

Mycetoma is a neglected tropical disease caused by more than 70 different microorganisms and identified by the WHO as one of the high‐priority diseases for developing diagnostic tests. To ensure the production of diagnostic assays for use by clinical staff in endemic regions, target product profiles (TPPs) were designed.

Methods

We describe the development of two TPPs: one for a diagnostic test able to identify the causative agent of mycetoma and another that would determine when treatment could be stopped. The TPPs were developed by considering product use, design, performance, product configuration and costs.

Results

Version 1.0 TPPs for two uses were posted by WHO for a 1‐month online public consultation on 25 October 2021, and the final TPP was posted online on 5 May 2022.

Conclusion

A major difficulty encountered in developing both TPPs was the large number of agents able to cause mycetoma and the lack of specific biomarkers for most of them.
MRI ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions in arterial and venous territories characterize central nervous system intravascular lymphoma in dogs
Authors: Mattei Chiara , Oevermann Anna , Schweizer Daniela , Guevar Julien , Maddox Thomas W. , Fleming Kathryn L. , Ricci Emanuele , Rosati Marco , Biserni Roberta , IV John F. Griffin , Rupp Angie , Gutierrez‐Quintana Rodrigo , Masseau Isabelle , Newkirk Kimberly M. , Hecht Silke , Specchi Swan
Published: November 2022

Intravascular lymphoma (IVL) is characterized by the proliferation of large malignant lymphocytes within the lumen of blood vessels. This retrospective, multi‐center, case series study aimed to describe the MRI features of confirmed central nervous system IVL in dogs and compare them with histopathological findings. Medical record databases from seven veterinary centers were searched for cases of histologically confirmed IVL. Dogs were included if an MRI was performed. The MRI studies and histopathology samples were reviewed to compare the MRI changes with the histopathological findings. Twelve dogs met the inclusion criteria (12 brains and three spinal cords). Imaging of the brains revealed multifocal T2‐weighted/FLAIR hyperintense and T1‐weighted iso‐hypointense lesions, with variable contrast enhancement; areas of abnormal diffusion both in arterial and venous territories in diffusion‐weighted imaging; and meningeal enhancement. On gradient echo images (GRE), the changes comprised tubular susceptibility artifacts, consistent with the “susceptibility vessel sign”, and additional variably sized/shaped intraparenchymal susceptibility artifacts. Spinal cord lesions presented as fusiform T2‐weighted hyperintensities with scattered susceptibility artifacts on GRE and variable parenchymal and meningeal contrast enhancement. On histopathology, subarachnoid hemorrhages and neuroparenchymal areas of edema and necrosis, with or without hemorrhage, indicating ischemic and hemorrhagic infarctions, were found. These lesions were concurrent with severely dilated meningeal and parenchymal arteries and veins plugged by neoplastic lymphocytes and fibrin. Due to the unique angiocentric distribution of IVL, ischemic and hemorrhagic infarcts of variable chronicity affecting both the arterial and venous territories associated with thrombi formation can be detected on MRI.
Primes and degrees of Brauer characters
Authors: Navarro Gabriel , Tiep Pham Huu
Published: November 2022

Let be a finite group and and be different primes. Assume that is odd and . We prove that if divides the degrees of the nonlinear irreducible ‐modular representations, then has a normal ‐complement.
Practical Procedure of Test Temperature Selection for Mini-C(T) Master Curve Evaluation
Authors: Yamamoto Masato , Sakuraya Seiji , Kitsunai Yuji , Kirk Mark
Published: November 2022

The use of 4 mm thickness Mini-C(T) specimens for Master Curve evaluation is drawing attention as a possible alternative / supplemental surveillance test method to current Charpy-based approaches in on-going efforts to update JEAC4201[1]. Obtaining a “valid” To per ASTM E1921 [2] and JEAC4216 [3] is a challenge for the Mini-C(T) because its tests must be performed at a low temperature relative to To to stay below the plasticity limit (KJclimit) of the testing standards while remaining above another limit on minimum test temperature (To – 50 °C) imposed by the testing standards. Minimizing the number of censored data caused by the violation of the KJclimit requirement is important in practical surveillance testing applications, since only a limited number (e.g., 12) of specimens may be available. Therefore, finding the appropriate test temperature within the first few specimens tested is essential. In this paper, the authors develop a KJc test temperature selection algorithm to maximize the chance of obtaining an E1921 and JEAC4216-valid To value with 12 or fewer tests. By the combined consideration of rejecting fewer specimens for being conducted below the low-temperature limit and having fewer specimens censored due to excess plasticity, we assumed that the test temperature of the next specimen in a series could be identified as the intersection of the KJclimit curve and the 98% tolerance bound of the KJc distribution, which is determined from an estimate of To made using already tested specimens. The appropriateness of this assumption is confirmed by a series of Monte-Carlo calculations, which demonstrates that this approach produces a valid To by testing 12 Mini-C(T)s > 98 % of the time. The study validated this testing reliability for a realistic range of yield stress and To values for reactor pressure vessel steels.
Combined Effect of Pressure, Temperature and Soil Stiffness on Pipeline Strain Demand in Geohazard Zones
Authors: Allouche Ismael , Zheng Qian , Yoosef-Ghodsi Nader , Fowler Matthew , Adeeb Samer
Published: November 2022

Pipelines subject to ground deformations produced by geohazard loads carry high importance on pipeline analysis, design, and assessment due to risk of structural failure. An appropriate approach for evaluation is the finite element method (FEM), providing efficient and sophisticated results. Methods proposed by Zheng et al. (2021) using finite element analysis (FEA) software Abaqus/Standard provide highly accurate results by simulating a displacement-controlled analysis of buried steel pipes subject to ground displacement of varying magnitudes and direction. This paper aims to further develop this pipe strain demand assessment by including variable effects of internal pressure and temperature of steel pipes buried in soils of different stiffness. The developed strain demand criterion considers inelastic material behaviour for different grades of steel pipe, as well as bi-linear soil force-displacement interaction, accounting for soil plasticity (ALA, 2001). Assuming the effects of thermal expansion are negligible prior to ground motion initiation, the pipe loads can be assessed by modelling a pipeline with initial temperature and pressure loads, followed by a ground motion in a series of steps. Several case studies were performed by modelling an X65 grade pipeline subject to ground displacements varying from 100 to 1000 mm, across a length at the midsection of the pipe. Simulations are assessed with a specified temperature increase, and internal pressure required to induce an operating hoop stress of up to 80% of the specified minimum yield strength (SMYS). By assessing the pipeline in soils of different stiffness (low, intermediate, high) at different increments of ground displacement, an accurate representation of the material stress/strain response can be acquired for each respective case. This research may provide guidance for further studies of pipelines involving internal pressure & temperature.
Obtaining Low-Cost Estimates of the Master Curve Index Temperature T0 From Existing Information
Authors: Kirk Mark , Miura Naoki , Skinko Tomoki , Yamamoto Masato
Published: November 2022

The Master Curve and its index temperature To have, over the last three decades, gained more and more acceptance in Codes, Standards, and the regulatory frameworks of different countries. For example, the Japanese Electric Association Code (JEAC) 4206 permits use of To-based index temperatures. In the United States RTTo is directly part of Section XI of the ASME Code while use of To along with extended Master Curve techniques is permitted via Code Case N-830-1. Similarly, To is permitted within both the German and the Swiss regulatory frameworks. One barrier to wider use of Master Curve/ To-based methods is the need to perform fracture toughness (KJc) tests using often limited supplies of irradiated or archive materials to determine To. While recent advances in testing technology permit the use of “mini” compact tension specimens, four of which can be machined from one-half of a broken Charpy specimen, the testing and associated engineering and regulatory analysis still represents an additional cost. Fortunately, a variety of methods exist to estimate To from prior information before any additional KJc testing is conducted. This paper will review these methods, which rely on existing information about the material type, limited but not yet valid KJc data sets, and/or Charpy data that is known through reactor pressure vessel surveillance programs. While not a replacement for direct To testing of plant materials these methods can estimate the likely range of To, which can help determine the materials for which additional testing is likely to produce the most benefit.
Development of a Technical Basis for Code Case N-914, “Accounting for the Effect of Embrittlement on Fracture Toughness Properties Used in Evaluations of Pressure Boundary Materials in Class 1 Ferritic Steel Components, Section XI, Division 1”
Authors: Kirk Mark , Erickson Marjorie , Long Elliot J.
Published: November 2022

Section XI of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code includes methods to analyze the continued operating safety of nuclear power plant components. For the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) a means to account for the effects of neutron irradiation embrittlement on the mechanical properties of vessel steels constitutes a key part of this analysis. Nevertheless, Code guidance on this topic remains imprecise. Over time regulations in various countries have filled this gap. While functional, this practice means that the structural integrity practices for nuclear RPV safety management depend on an amalgam of Code and regulatory documents. This diminishes the clarity with which safety margins are addressed and inhibits adoption of new technologies for fracture toughness and embrittlement characterization. During the February 2019 ASME Code week, the Section XI Working Group on Operating Plant Criteria (WGOPC) initiated an effort to develop a Code Case to address this deficiency. This paper summarizes an Electric Power Research Institute Report (MRP-462) recently provided to the WGOPC as a single source technical basis for the proposed Code Case on this topic. The report reviews relevant previous national and international work, both within the Code as well as licensing applications made using Master Curve techniques. The report proposes a single, unified, method to estimate an irradiated reference temperature (RTIRRAD) that can be used to position a Code-approved bounding curve (either a RTNDT or RTTo indexed KIc curve, or a T0 indexed 5th percentile Master Curve) using whatever input information (Charpy-based or Master Curve-based) is available.
Finite Element Analysis of Ring Compression Testing for Used Nuclear Fuel Cladding
Authors: Han Zenghu , Billone Michael C. , Liu Yung Y.
Published: November 2022

The performance of used nuclear fuel (UNF) (i.e., cladding integrity, fuel retrievability, transportability, and cladding embrittlement) is considered important to the safety of both extended long-term dry storage and subsequent transportation for final disposition. Analytical analysis for UNF structural performance under storage and transportation conditions requires mechanical property data for the cladding materials (e.g., stress-strain relationships and failure limits). However, currently available mechanical properties and correlations are not sufficient because they are primarily based on uniaxial tension tests and pressurized-tube tests of cladding materials with only circumferential hydrides and are not suitable for cladding materials with radial hydrides. Ring compression testing (RCT) has become a very useful method for measuring the relative ductility of cladding and determining the ductility transition temperature of cladding materials. The results of RCT can be used to assess the mechanical behavior of cladding materials and determine the effects of burnup, hydride orientation, and temperature to support the development of the technical basis for extended storage and transportation of high-burnup fuel. Finite element analysis (FEA) has been used to characterize the stress state associated with RCT and to facilitate a better understanding of the deformation and the failure mechanisms of the cladding ring during RCT. Three-dimensional finite element (3D FE) models have been constructed using the commercial FE computer code ABAQUS™; the FE models include RCT machine stiffness, elastic and anisotropic plastic stress-strain properties, and large strain capability, and these models are used to simulate cladding rings subjected to RCT hoop-bending loading. Useful information regarding the material properties and behavior can be extracted by FE simulation of cladding RCT. In this paper, applications of FEA to RCT are described, and the limitations are also discussed.
Overview of Particle Deposition Models for Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage Systems
Authors: Suffield Sarah R. , Jensen Philip J. , Perkins William A. , Jensen Ben J. , Grant Christopher L. , Spitz Casey
Published: November 2022

Deposition models were built to evaluate contaminant deposition on spent nuclear fuel (SNF) canisters. The primary contaminant of concern is chloride, which is dispersed in the atmosphere and then deposits onto the canisters. During dry storage, the primary degradation process is likely to be Chloride Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking (CISCC) at the heat-affected zones of the canister welds. It is known that stainless steel canisters are susceptible to CISCC; however, the rate of chloride deposition onto the canisters is poorly known, based on sparse field data from a small number of sites. The models presented in this study could be useful for determining the rate of deposition on the canisters and the likelihood of CISCC to help with SNF canister ageing management.

The deposition models were developed with the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code STAR-CCM+. Various deposition mechanisms were considered and incorporated into the models, and a sensitivity study was conducted to determine the most important mechanisms for deposition within a SNF storage system. The models included both a vertical and horizontal configuration storage system: NAC International’s Modular, Advanced Generation, Nuclear All-purpose STORage System (MAGNASTOR®) and a NUHOMS® horizontal storage module respectively. The resulting canister deposition on the horizontal canister is visually compared with inspection data taken onsite at the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant. These models are preliminary, and development of the models will continue. Future validation exercises are currently being planned, including the Canister Deposition Field Demonstration (CDFD) effort funded by U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy Office of Spent Fuel and Waste Science and Technology. The goal of the modeling presented is to demonstrate a potential modeling technique that could be used to plan and inform SNF canister ageing management programs with predictive models for the timing and occurrence of canister CISCC.
Fretting Corrosion Behavior of 316L Stainless Steel Heat Exchanger Tube in NaCl Solution
Authors: Ma Xu , Zhang Shengzan , Tan Wei , Zhu Guorui
Published: November 2022

The heat exchanger tube of pressurized water reactor (PWR) steam generator is the key component between primary circuit and secondary circuit. Due to the flow induced vibration (FIV) of the heat exchanger tube bundle, fretting corrosion will occur between the heat exchanger tubes and the supports. Under the synergism between wear and corrosion, it would be accelerated that the failure of heat exchanger tubes. Therefore, in this study, the self-designed fretting corrosion experimental equipment was used to conduct fretting corrosion experimental studies on 316L stainless steel, commonly used as steam generators tube in nuclear power plants, in sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions with different concentrations (mass fraction of 1%, 3.5% and 5%), respectively. The corrosion tendency and corrosion rate of the tube were analyzed by electrochemical technology. The fretting corrosion behaviors of 316L stainless steel in NaCl solution and the effects of ion concentration on fretting corrosion behaviors were studied, and the synergism between corrosion and wear was quantitatively analyzed. The surface of the wear scars were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and white light confocal three-dimensional profilometer. Combined with these test results, the damage mechanism of fretting corrosion was analyzed. The research results reflect the synergistic mechanism between wear and corrosion, but considering the difference between the experimental setting and the operating conditions of PWR steam generator, the experimental results can’t be directly used to predict the wear of heat exchanger tubes.
On the Elastoplastic Dynamic Response of Steel Belt Staggered Multi-Layer Cylindrical Shell Subjected to External Blast Loading
Authors: Liu Yuanqi , Du Yang , Zhang Zhaoteng , Zhou Fan
Published: November 2022

The steel belt staggered multi-layer cylindrical shell is the preferred structure for high-pressure hydrogen storage vessel in refueling stations. However, it could be threatened by external blast loads from accidental hydrogen leaks and explosions. In this paper, detailed numerical model is established to analyze the elastoplastic response of such multi-layer cylindrical shell subjected to external blast loads of different TNT equivalency weights. The thermo-viscoplastic constitutive model and fluid-structure coupling approach are incorporated in the modeling. The radial displacement/vibration histories and the effective strain responses of different layers were analyzed to demonstrate the potential deformation of the shell structure. Also, the maximum strain at different locations of the shell structure are discussed. The results will be helpful to evaluate the integrity of such multi-layer cylindrical structure that undertakes the risk of external hydrogen explosion.
Development of Predictive Evaluation Methods of Pipe Wall Thinning by Flow Accelerated Corrosion at Drift Region in Junction Piping
Authors: Watanabe Shun , Morita Ryo
Published: November 2022

Flow Accelerated Corrosion (FAC) is a pipe wall thinning phenomenon to be monitored and managed in the power plants with high priority. Its management has been conducted with conservative evaluation of thinning rate, and residual lifetime of piping based on wall thickness measurements. However, noticeable case of the wall thinning occurred in branch and junction piping (T-tube). There is a problem to manage the wall thickness beneath reinforcing plate of the T-tube, because measurement of this area is difficult to be conducted with ordinary ultrasonic testing devices due to the presence of the reinforcing plate. In this study, numerical analysis for the T-tube was conducted, and the wall thinning profile due to the FAC was evaluated by calculating the mass transfer coefficient. It was found that when the flows from the branch pipe and the main pipe merge or diverge, a localized wall thinning distribution occurs in the area where the reinforcement plate of the T-tube exists, and this tendency is affected by Reynolds number. It was suggested that the maximum amount of wall thinning in T-tube can be predicted by the flow rate ratio and the diameter ratio. In the future, we will confirm the effectiveness of the proposed decay function by comparing it with measurements taken in actual plants, and apply it to the management of wall thinning in actual plants.
Research on Standard Comparison of Hydrogen Cycling Test Method for On-Board Composite Hydrogen Storage Cylinders
Authors: Shi Jun , Cheng Biao , Li Jiepu , Sun Mingdao , Li Xin , Li Xiang
Published: November 2022

As one of the key components of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles (HFCVs), on-board composite hydrogen storage cylinder has developed rapidly in recent years. Hydrogen cycling test is an important means to test the anti-fatigue, bottle mouth leakage, and anti-hydrogen permeability of the tank of the on-board hydrogen storage cylinder. Therefore, a series of technical specifications and standards of different countries have been issued to specify the performance indexes and evaluation methods of hydrogen cycling test of vehicle composite hydrogen storage cylinders. This paper compared and analyzed the differences of hydrogen cycling test methods of vehicle composite hydrogen storage cylinders in various standards from the aspects of test objects, upper and lower limits of circulating pressure, hydrogen charging rate, filling time, gas temperature, hydrogen decompression rate, cycle times and qualified indexes. It was discussed that the relationship between gas temperature in cylinder/hydrogen charging rate/filling time, decompression rate, and qualification criteria of leakage/penetration test at extreme temperature, and it was found that the gas temperature, hydrogen charging rate, and filling time specified in the standard could not provide enough guidance for the practical operation, the upper limit of hydrogen decompression rate was not clear, and the qualified index of leakage/penetration test under extreme temperature needs to be further studied. The results of this study can provide a reference for the hydrogen cycling in Chinese standards for vehicle composite hydrogen storage cylinders in China.
Metal Additive Manufacturing Simulation Using Sequentially Coupled Thermo-Mechanical Analysis
Authors: Nakai-Chapman Joshuah , Fietek Carter , Sakai James , Park Youngho
Published: November 2022

Additive manufacturing (AM) has become one of the most revolutionary technologies for the fabrication of metallic parts within the industry; notably, the use of existing metals has significantly eased the adoption of AM in manufacturing. The metal AM method can produce complex parts with effective cost. This process, however, involves rapid heating and solidification, resulting in a high thermal gradient. It causes undesired residual stress and distortion that significantly affects the final product’s integrity. This study investigates the features of a high thermal gradient, structural deformation, and residual stress involved in the powder bed fusion process in virtual environments. Powder bed fusion is an additive manufacturing method that uses a laser or electron beam to melt and fuse the metal material to form a three-dimensional part. A simulation model was developed using layer-to-layer scanning paths based on a 3D geometry in the 3DEXPERIENCE platform. Commercial finite element analysis (FEA) software, Abaqus CAE, is used for the sequentially coupled thermo-mechanical analysis. The temperature history is first calculated in an uncoupled thermal analysis and introduced as a predefined field in the subsequent structural analysis. In the sequentially coupled thermo-mechanical analysis, the thermal evolution of the problem affects the structural response, but the temperature field is not dependent on the stress field. Heat transfer in additive manufacturing is time-dependent, and temperature distribution in an additively manufactured part is non-uniform. Hence a time-dependent heat conduction problem is solved to analyze the process. After the thermal analysis is completed, the quasi-static equilibrium of stress is determined for each time step. An isotropic hardening rule was utilized to consider the evolution of plastic deformation.
MOCVD growth and band offsets of κ-phase Ga2O3 on c-plane sapphire, GaN- and AlN-on-sapphire, and (100) YSZ substrates
Authors: Bhuiyan A F M Anhar Uddin , Feng Zixuan , Huang Hsien-Lien , Meng Lingyu , Hwang Jinwoo , Zhao Hongping
Published: November 2022

Epitaxial growth of κ-phase Ga2O3 thin films is investigated on c-plane sapphire, GaN- and AlN-on-sapphire, and (100) oriented yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates via metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The structural and surface morphological properties are investigated by comprehensive material characterization. Phase pure κ-Ga2O3 films are successfully grown on GaN-, AlN-on-sapphire, and YSZ substrates through a systematical tuning of growth parameters including the precursor molar flow rates, chamber pressure, and growth temperature, whereas the growth on c-sapphire substrates leads to a mixture of β- and κ-polymorphs of Ga2O3 under the investigated growth conditions. The influence of the crystalline structure, surface morphology, and roughness of κ-Ga2O3 films grown on different substrates are investigated as a function of precursor flow rate. High-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging of κ-Ga2O3 films reveals abrupt interfaces between the epitaxial film and the sapphire, GaN, and YSZ substrates. The growth of single crystal orthorhombic κ-Ga2O3 films is confirmed by analyzing the scanning transmission electron microscopy nanodiffraction pattern. The chemical composition, surface stoichiometry, and bandgap energies of κ-Ga2O3 thin films grown on different substrates are studied by high-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. The type-II (staggered) band alignments at three interfaces between κ-Ga2O3 and c-sapphire, AlN, and YSZ substrates are determined by XPS, with an exception of κ-Ga2O3/GaN interface, which shows type-I (straddling) band alignment.
Correlates of vowel clarity in the spectrotemporal modulation domain: Application to speech impairment evaluation
Authors: Marczyk Anna , O'Brien Benjamin , Tremblay Pascale , Woisard Virginie , Ghio Alain
Published: November 2022

This article reports on vowel clarity metrics based on spectrotemporal modulations of speech signals. Motivated by previous findings on the relevance of modulation-based metrics for speech intelligibility assessment and pathology classification, the current study used factor analysis to identify regions within a bi-dimensional modulation space, the magnitude power spectrum, as in Elliott and Theunissen [(2009). PLoS Comput. Biol. 5(3), e1000302] by relating them to a set of conventional acoustic metrics of vowel space area and vowel distinctiveness. Two indices based on the energy ratio between high and low modulation rates across temporal and spectral dimensions of the modulation space emerged from the analyses. These indices served as input for measurements of central tendency and classification analyses that aimed to identify vowel-related speech impairments in French native speakers with head and neck cancer (HNC) and Parkinson dysarthria (PD). Following the analysis, vowel-related speech impairment was identified in HNC speakers, but not in PD. These results were consistent with findings based on subjective evaluations of speech intelligibility. The findings reported are consistent with previous studies indicating that impaired speech is associated with attenuation in energy in higher spectrotemporal modulation bands.
Active reconfiguration of cytoplasmic lipid droplets governs migration of nutrient-limited phytoplankton
Authors: Sengupta Anupam , Dhar Jayabrata , Danza Francesco , Ghoshal Arkajyoti , Müller Sarah , Kakavand Narges
Published: November 2022

Nutrient availability, along with light and temperature, drives marine primary production. The ability to migrate vertically, a critical trait of motile phytoplankton, allows species to optimize nutrient uptake, storage, and growth. However, this traditional view discounts the possibility that migration in nutrient-limited waters may be actively modulated by the emergence of energy-storing organelles. Here, we report that bloom-forming raphidophytes harness energy-storing cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs) to biomechanically regulate vertical migration in nutrient-limited settings. LDs grow and translocate directionally within the cytoplasm, steering strain-specific shifts in the speed, trajectory, and stability of swimming cells. Nutrient reincorporation restores their swimming traits, mediated by an active reconfiguration of LD size and coordinates. A mathematical model of cell mechanics establishes the mechanistic coupling between intracellular changes and emergent migratory behavior. Amenable to the associated photophysiology, LD-governed behavioral shift highlights an exquisite microbial strategy toward niche expansion and resource optimization in nutrient-limited oceans.
Local changes in microtubule network mobility instruct neuronal polarization and axon specification
Authors: Burute Mithila , Jansen Klara I. , Mihajlovic Marko , Vermonden Tina , Kapitein Lukas C.
Published: November 2022

The polarization of neurons into axons and dendrites depends on extracellular cues, intracellular signaling, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and polarized transport, but the interplay between these processes during polarization remains unresolved. Here, we show that axon specification is determined by differences in microtubule network mobility between neurites, regulated by Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) and extracellular cues. In developing neurons, retrograde microtubule flow prevents the entry of the axon-selective motor protein Kinesin-1 into most neurites. Using inducible assays to control microtubule network flow, we demonstrate that local inhibition of microtubule mobility is sufficient to guide Kinesin-1 into a specific neurite, whereas long-term global inhibition induces the formation of multiple axons. We furthermore show that extracellular mechanical cues and intracellular Rho GTPase signaling control the local differences in microtubule network flow. These results reveal a novel cytoskeletal mechanism for neuronal polarization.
The HUSH complex controls brain architecture and protocadherin fidelity
Authors: Hagelkruys Astrid , Horrer Marion , Taubenschmid-Stowers Jasmin , Kavirayani Anoop , Novatchkova Maria , Orthofer Michael , Pai Tsung-Pin , Cikes Domagoj , Zhuk Sergei , Balmaña Meritxell , Esk Christopher , Koglgruber Rubina , Moeseneder Paul , Lazovic Jelena , Zopf Lydia M. , Cronin Shane J.F. , Elling Ulrich , Knoblich Jürgen A. , Penninger Josef M.
Published: November 2022

The HUSH (human silencing hub) complex contains the H3K9me3 binding protein M-phase phosphoprotein 8 (MPP8) and recruits the histone methyltransferase SETDB1 as well as Microrchidia CW-type zinc finger protein 2 (MORC2). Functional and mechanistic studies of the HUSH complex have hitherto been centered around SETDB1 while the in vivo functions of MPP8 and MORC2 remain elusive. Here, we show that genetic inactivation of
Mphosph8
or
Morc2a
in the nervous system of mice leads to increased brain size, altered brain architecture, and behavioral changes. Mechanistically, in both mouse brains and human cerebral organoids, MPP8 and MORC2 suppress the repetitive-like protocadherin gene cluster in an H3K9me3-dependent manner. Our data identify MPP8 and MORC2, previously linked to silencing of repetitive elements via the HUSH complex, as key epigenetic regulators of protocadherin expression in the nervous system and thereby brain development and neuronal individuality in mice and humans.
Decoupled ultrafast electronic and structural phase transitions in photoexcited monoclinic VO
2
Authors: Xu Jiyu , Chen Daqiang , Meng Sheng
Published: November 2022

Photoexcitation has emerged as an efficient way to trigger phase transitions in strongly correlated materials. There are great controversies about the atomistic mechanisms of structural phase transitions (SPTs) from monoclinic (
M
1
-) to rutile (
R
-) VO
2
and its association with electronic insulator-metal transitions (IMTs). Here, we illustrate the underlying atomistic processes and decoupling nature of photoinduced SPT and IMT in nonequilibrium states. The photoinduced SPT proceeds in the order of dilation of V-V pairs and increase of twisting angles after a small delay of ~40 fs. Dynamic simulations with hybrid functionals confirm the existence of isostructural IMT. The photoinduced SPT and IMT exhibit the same thresholds of electronic excitations, indicating similar fluence thresholds in experiments. The IMT is quasi-instantaneously (<10 fs) generated, while the SPT takes place with time a constant of 100 to 300 fs. These findings clarify some key controversies in the literature and provide insights into nonequilibrium phase transitions in correlated materials.
Strategies for effective unmanned aerial vehicle use in geological field studies based on cognitive science principles
Authors: Bateman Kathryn M. , Williams Randolph T. , Shipley Thomas F. , Tikoff Basil , Pavlis Terry , Wilson Cristina G. , Cooke Michele L. , Fagereng Ake
Published: November 2022

Field geologists are increasingly using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs or drones), although their use involves significant cognitive challenges for which geologists are not well trained. On the basis of surveying the user community and documenting experts’ use in the field, we identified five major problems, most of which are aligned with well-documented limits on cognitive performance. First, the images being sent from the UAV portray the landscape from multiple different view directions. Second, even with a constant view direction, the ability to move the UAV or zoom the camera lens results in rapid changes in visual scale. Third, the images from the UAVs are displayed too quickly for users, even experts, to assimilate efficiently. Fourth, it is relatively easy to get lost when flying, particularly if the user is unfamiliar with the area or with UAV use. Fifth, physical limitations on flight time are a source of stress, which renders the operator less effective. Many of the strategies currently employed by field geologists, such as postprocessing and photogrammetry, can reduce these problems. We summarize the cognitive science basis for these issues and provide some new strategies that are designed to overcome these limitations and promote more effective UAV use in the field. The goal is to make UAV-based geological interpretations in the field possible by recognizing and reducing cognitive load.
Late Paleozoic cratonal sink: Distally sourced sediment filled the Anadarko Basin (USA) from multiple source regions
Authors: Kushner Baylee E. , Soreghan Gerilyn S. , Soreghan Michael J.
Published: November 2022

The Anadarko Basin (south-central USA) is the deepest basin on the North American craton and occupies a region largely surrounded by major, late Paleo-zoic plate-margin (Marathon-Ouachita-Appalachian) and intraplate (Ancestral Rocky Mountains) orogenic systems, albeit a distal arm of the latter. The Anadarko Basin hosts an exceptionally voluminous record of Pennsylvanian strata, and much of this fill has been attributed to erosion of the adjacent Wichita uplift—composed of granitic and rhyolitic rocks of Cambrian age—separated from the basin by a fault zone exhibiting 12 km of vertical separation. This work incorporates thin-section petrography (102 samples) and U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology of sandstone samples (12 samples) from core and outcrop of the Middle Pennsylvanian Red Fork Sandstone (and equivalents) as well as slightly younger Upper Pennsylvanian units (Tonkawa, Chelsea, and Gypsy sandstones) in order to interpret drainage pathways and evolution of those pathways toward and into the Anadarko Basin (Oklahoma) and evaluate the relative importance of the major provenance regions.

Our petrographic analysis indicates sandstones with arkosic compositions are limited to the region immediately adjacent to (north of) the Wichita uplift. All remaining samples, which reflect the vast bulk of sediment in the depocenter, including sediment on the northern and eastern Anadarko shelf, are litharenites. Analysis of kernel density plots of the U-Pb ages of detrital zircons together with multidimensional scaling analysis of the Middle Pennsylvanian samples indicate three groups of similar provenance: (1) samples dominated by Cambrian ages from locations directly adjacent to the Wichita uplift; (2) samples dominated by Neoproterozoic ages from locations along the northern shelf of the Anadarko Basin; and (3) samples dominated by Mesoproterozoic ages from locations along the eastern Anadarko shelf and the basin center. These samples are spatially discrete, indicating partitioning of drainage networks during the Middle Pennsylvanian, with two continental-scale fluvial systems entering the Anadarko Basin from the north (transversely) and east (axially). The lack of Cambrian ages in the depocenter and (northern) shelf samples indicate that the Wichita uplift supplied only limited sediment to the basin; sediment derived from the uplift was trapped in fringing fans directly adjacent to the uplift. In contrast to the patterns exhibited by the Middle Pennsylvanian samples, Upper Pennsylvanian samples exhibit more uniform U-Pb ages across the basin. This indicates the relatively rapid evolution of the Appalachian-derived northerly and easterly drainages into an integrated system that flowed axially across the (overfilled) mid-continent basins to the ultimate continental sink in the Anadarko Basin.
Cretaceous sequence stratigraphy of the northern Baltimore Canyon Trough: Implications for basin evolution and carbon storage
Authors: Baldwin Kimberly E. , Miller Kenneth G. , Schmelz William J. , Mountain Gregory S. , Jordan Leslie M. , Browning James V.
Published: November 2022

We evaluate the Cretaceous stratigraphy and carbon sequestration potential of the northern Baltimore Canyon Trough (NBCT) using >10,000 km of multi-channel seismic profiles integrated with geophysical logs, biostratigraphy, and lithology from 29 offshore wells. We identify and map six sequences resolved primarily at the stage level. Accommodation was dominated by thermal and non-thermal subsidence, though sequence boundaries correlate with regional and global sea-level changes, and the record is modified by igneous intrusion, active faulting, and changes in sediment supply and sources. Our stratigraphic maps illustrate a primary southern (central Appalachian) Early Cretaceous source that migrated northward during the Aptian and Albian. During the Cenomanian, sedimentation rates in the NBCT increased and depocenters shifted northward and landward. We show that deposition occurred in three phases: (1) earlier Cretaceous paleoenvironments were primarily terrestrial indicated by variable amplitude, chaotic seismic facies, serrated gamma logs, and heterolithic sandstones and mudstones with terrestrial microfossils; (2) the Albian to Cenomanian was dominated by deltaic paleoenvironments indicated by blocky, funnel-shaped, gamma-ray logs and clinoforms characterized by continuous high-amplitude seismic reflections with well-defined terminations; and (3) the Cenomanian and younger was marine shelf, inferred from mudstoneprone lithologies, peak gamma-ray values in well logs, and foraminiferal evidence. Long-term transgression and maximum water depths at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary correlative with Ocean Anoxic Event 2 were followed by a regression and relative sea-level fall. We show that porous and permeable sandstones of three Aptian to Cenomanian highstand systems tracts are high-volume reservoirs for supercritical CO2 storage that are confined by overlying deep water mudstones.