bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulatory T Cells Control Effector T Cell Inflammation in Human Prediabetes
Authors: Liu Rui , Pugh Gabriella H. , Tevonian Erin , Thompson Katherine , Lauffenburger Douglas A. , Kern Philip A. , Nikolajczyk Barbara S.
Published: November 2021

A disparate array of plasma/serum markers provides evidence for chronic inflammation in human prediabetes, a condition that is most closely replicated by standard mouse models of obesity and metaflammation. These remain largely nonactionable and contrast with our rich understanding of inflammation in human type 2 diabetes. New data show that inflammatory profiles produced by CD4+ T cells define human prediabetes as a unique inflammatory state. Regulatory T cells (Treg) control mitochondrial function and cytokine production by CD4+ effector T cells (Teff) in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes by supporting T helper (Th)17 or Th1 cytokine production, respectively. These data suggest that Treg control of Teff metabolism regulates inflammation differentially in prediabetes compared with type 2 diabetes. Queries of genes that impact mitochondrial function or pathways leading to transcription of lipid metabolism genes identified the fatty acid importer CD36 as highly expressed in Treg but not Teff from subjects with prediabetes. Pharmacological blockade of CD36 in Treg from subjects with prediabetes decreased Teff production of the Th17 cytokines that differentiate overall prediabetes inflammation. We conclude that Treg control CD4+ T cell cytokine profiles through mechanisms determined, at least in part, by host metabolic status. Furthermore, Treg CD36 uniquely promotes Th17 cytokine production by Teff in prediabetes.
Regulatory T cells control Effector T cell Inflammation in Human Prediabetes
Authors: Liu Rui , Pugh Gabriella H. , Tevonian Erin , Thompson Katherine , Lauffenburger Douglas A. , Kern Philip A. , Nikolajczyk Barbara S.
Published: November 2021

A disparate array of plasma/serum markers provide
evidence for chronic inflammation in human prediabetes, a condition that is
most closely replicated by standard mouse models of obesity and meta-flammation.
These remain largely non-actionable, and contrast with our rich understanding
of inflammation in human type 2 diabetes. New data show that inflammatory
profiles produced by CD4+ T cells define human prediabetes as a unique
inflammatory state. Regulatory T cells
(Tregs) control mitochondrial function and cytokine production by CD4+
effector T cells (Teff) in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes by supporting Th17
or Th1 cytokine production, respectively. These data suggest that Treg control
of Teff metabolism controls inflammation differentially in prediabetes compared
to type 2 diabetes. Queries of genes that impact mitochondrial function and/or
pathways leading to transcription of lipid metabolism genes identified the
fatty acid importer CD36 as highly expressed in Tregs but not Teff from
prediabetes subjects. Pharmacological blockade of CD36 in Tregs from
prediabetes subjects decreased Teff production of the Th17 cytokines that
differentiate overall prediabetes inflammation. We conclude Tregs control CD4+
T cell cytokine profiles through mechanisms determined, at least in part, by host
metabolic status. Furthermore, Treg CD36 uniquely promotes Th17 cytokine
production by Teff in prediabetes.
Improving Students' Critical Thinking and Self-Efficacy by Learning Higher Order Thinking Skills Through Problem Based Learning Models
Authors: Saepuloh Dadang , Sabur Ambuy , Lestari Sri , Mukhlishoh Siti U’tiyatul
Published: November 2021

Higher-order thinking skills critical to being applied and developed in learning. Because the learning activity is focused on the higher-order thinking skills development, then learning activities will be more influential, effective, and efficient, so that the intellectual abilities of teachers and students become more skilled, it positively will affect the increase in the quality of education. There is a gap in students' critical thinking ability based on the pre-research survey results. The basic level of thinking is in the poor category, and self-efficacy is still lacking. This study aims to determine the extent to which the application of higher-order thinking skills learning through the problem-based learning (PBL) model improves student's critical thinking and self-efficacy. This study uses a quasi-experimental design and data collection techniques in tests, questionnaires, and observation sheets. This study's population was 123 students, sampling using a convenience sampling technique so that the sample used was 62 students. Based on the research results, there are differences. There is an increase between students' critical thinking skills and self-efficacy who use the PBL model rather than the conventional model. The research result implies that the PBL model is highly recommended for economics teachers. Still, it is necessary to provide innovation in the learning model so that in the learning process, it uses one model and innovates with other models.
Language Errors at The Phnological Level on The Speaking Community in Northern Halmahera
Authors: Sabarua Jefrey Oxianus , Sasingan Mardince
Published: November 2021

This study aims to examine the error of speaking the language of the North Halmahera speech at the fonological level in the interaction of learning and the factors behind it. The type of research used is qualitatively descriptive with phenomenological approaches. Data is obtained using simak method with basic tapping technique. Once the data is obtained, it is then analyzed using the agih method and the padan method at the time of the speech interaction. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that language errors include, errors in pronunciation and spelling. The error in the tester consists of  the error using phoneme /e/ (pepet) pronounced to /é/ (taling) caused by the language of the mother not knowing the phoneme /e/ (pepet), pronouncing phoneme /i/ to /é/ (taling), phoneme /e/ being /a/, phoneme /ai/ being /e/, phoneme / é/ (taling) becomes /i/, phoneme diftong /au/ becomes /o/, phoneme /c/ becomes /sé/, phoneme /v/ becomes /p/, phoneme /u/ becomes /w/, phoneme /n/ becomes /ng/, phoneme /i/ manjadi /e/, phoneme /kh/ becomes /h/, phoneme /z/ becomes /s/, phoneme /z/ becomes /j/, phoneme /sy/ becomes /s/, phoneme /f/ becomes /p/, phoneme /h/ at the end of a specific word, phoneme /o/ becomes phoneme /u/, Phoneme removal /h/ in a specific word, and Phoneme removal /k/ in a specific word. Spelling errors consist of capital letters usage, use of punctuation, and use of words. Thus it can be inferred language errors in the phonological state including pronunciation and spelling errors.
Inside-Outside Circle Instructional Model For Multicultural Education
Authors: Akhiruddin Akhiruddin , Sukmawati Sukmawati , Jalal Jalal , Sujarwo Sujarwo , Ridwan Ridwan
Published: November 2021

Indonesia is one of the largest multicultural countries in the world. This reality can be seen through the diverse and extensive socio-cultural and geographical conditions. This study aims to investigate the implementation of the Inside-Outside Circle (IOC) instructional model for the multicultural education. This research used qualitative and quantitative methods. Methods of data collection using observation, interviews and literature study. The results showed that multicultural education can be used as a strategic instrument to develop awareness of one's pride in one's ethnic group. Multicultural education is also very relevant to a pluralistic society such as Indonesia, which emphasizes an understanding of multi-ethnicity, multi-religion, and multiculturalism which requires a new construction of justice, equality and a democratic society. The application of integrative multicultural education can use a cooperative learning model, namely the Inside-Outside Circle (IOC) linstructional model and the application of multicultural education in an integrated curriculum with other subjects such as in the Sociology Education program.
Emotional Intelligence Through Mathematical Resilience on Secondary Students Based on Gender
Authors: Faradillah Ayu , Wulandari Silvi
Published: November 2021

The low mathematical resilience of students, one of the factors is the fear of being wrong so that it shows things related to students' emotions. Mathematical resilience and emotional intelligence are interrelated, therefore students need to develop mathematical resilience and emotional intelligence to be ready to face challenges and be able to learn optimally. The purpose of this study is to analyze mathematical resilience on students' emotional intelligence based on gender in twelve different schools. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The population of this study was 814 students consisting of 301 male students and 513 female students. The selection of subjects in this study by looking at the category of Mathematical Resilience, namely high, medium and low. Subjects were selected using the Winsteps application by looking at the wright map table. From the total population, the researcher chose three subjects to be studied in depth. Furthermore, the selected subjects were asked to fill out an Emotional Intelligence questionnaire and interviewed by the researcher. The results of the analysis of ST who have high Mathematical Resilience have high Emotional Intelligence, ST are able to control themselves and have high interest in learning mathematics, SS who have moderate Mathematics Resilience have moderate Emotional Intelligence. In the learning process, SS does not focus on learning and is less able to explore its potential in depth. SR who have low Mathematical Resilience have low Emotional Intelligence as well. SR tends to give up easily and has low learning motivation. However, it should be noted that there is no gender difference in Emotional Intelligence, because this is based on the instrument or measuring instrument used in the study.
Intergroup Relation-Based Conflict Resolution Patterns to Junior High School Students
Authors: Saefulloh Ahmad , Karliani Eli , Triyani Triyani , Gunawan Vincentius Abdi
Published: November 2021

Conflicts between junior high school students cannot be underestimated or left unchecked so that it drags on and causes ongoing conflicts if a settlement pattern and root cause are not found immediately. This study aims to analyze the pattern of intergroup relation-based conflict resolution carried out by junior high school students. This article is the result of research conducted using the development (R&D) method with the stages of needs analysis, development, and testing. The data collection method was carried out by distributing questionnaires to public junior high schools randomly consisting of 799 respondents, namely 329 male and 470 female. Data processing is done by grouping student answers based on research indicators in order to obtain a conflict resolution model used by students. The results showed that the pattern of intergroup relation-based conflict resolution carried out by junior high school students and equivalent in solving problems, students were more dominant in choosing how to communicate, either through cellphones or meeting in person to discuss the root causes of the problems that occurred then reconciled by apologizing to each other, do not do violence, avoid emotions, say rude, high-pitched, to avoid fights. As for students who use violence in an effort to solve problems, it will occur if one of their friends shows opposition and resistance, has a high-pitched tone to speak harshly so that it ignites excessive emotions and causes fights.
Elementary School Students' Character Conditions During Online Learning
Authors: Yuza Adriana , Ramadan Zaka Hadikusuma
Published: November 2021

Online learning today was said to be unsuccessful and far from expected. It had a less good impact on the formation of characters where children depend heavily on parents and less interaction with others. This was one reason for research aimed at analyzing the implementation of character value in online learning. This type of research is qualitatively discrete. Data was collected from the principal, two teachers who have been certified who have taught for 15 years after the local content teacher. Data collection methods include interviews and observations. The data analysis used was triangulation. The research results stated that implementing the main character values, namely religion, nationalism, media, teamwork, and integrity, is not carried out in the implementation and evaluation stages because learning is done online. So, in online learning, the central values of religion, nationalism, media, teamwork, and integrity are not done, to overcome this can be done by conducting supervision programs.
Kualitas Pelayanan dan Kepuasan Pelanggan Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan DANA pada masa Physical Distancing
Authors: Cuhanazriansyah Muhammad Rinov , Giatman Muhammad , Ernawati Ernawati
Published: November 2021

Pemerintah memberlakukan adanya pembatasan social atau kondisi menjaga jarak untuk mencegah penularan virus corona 19. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis kualitas pelayanan dan kepuasan pelanggan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan DANA pada masa physical distancing. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara menyebarkan kuesioner dan meminta responden untuk mengisi kuesioner tersebut. Setiap variabel dalam kuesioner diukur dengan menggunakan skala likert dari skala 1 sampai dengan skala 5. Metode non-probability sampling digunakan dalam melakukan pemilihan sampel yang terdiri dari 120 responden pengguna DANA. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis kuantitatif regresi linier ganda. Hail penelitian nilai koefisien regresi sebesar 0,470 yang berarti bahwa setiap kenaikan kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh terhadap meningkatnya Loyalitas Pelanggan sebesar 0,470. Selain itu nilai signfikansi variabel Kualitas Pelayanan sebesar α=0,000<0,05 mengindikasikan bahwa kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh positif terhadap loyalitas pelanggan. Kepuasan Pelanggan berpengaruh positif terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai koefisien regresi Kepuasan Pelanggan sebesar 0,513 dan nilai signifikanasi variabel Kepuasan Pelanggan sebesar 0,000 lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan nilai signifikan yang dapat diterima yaitu 0,05 (α=0,000<0,05) sehingga kepuasan pelanggan berpengaruh positif terhadap loyalitas pelanggan. Maka kualitas pelayanan dan kepuasaan pelayanan memberikan pengaruh positif terhdap loyalitas.
Pemanfaatan Layanan Informasi Guna Mencegah Terjadinya Dampak Negatif Perilaku Pacaran di Kalangan Remaja
Authors: Yuliani Vivi , Karneli Yeni
Published: November 2021

Keterlarikan antar lawan jenis pada masa remaja sudah dipastikan sangat wajar. Pada masa remaja memang merupakan masa transisi, dimana seorang individu pada masa perkembangan dari anak-anak menuju dewasa. Ketertarikan dengan lawan jenis, rasa ingin memiliki, itu akan mewujudkan suatu hubunga yang saat ibi sedang marak-marakanya yaitu pacaran. Hubungan pacaran itu dianggap penting bagi remaja. pada masa dulu pacaran itu sangat berhati-hati untuk sekedar pegangan tangan saja itu hal yang tabu, namun pada masa kini pacaran dapat menimbulkan hal negatif, seperti seks pranikah. Perilaku negatif ini terjadi dikarenakan kurangnya informasi yang didapat oleh remaja. tujuan penelitin ini agar dapat mengetahui penggunaan layanan informasi guna mencegah dampak negtif dari pacaran di kalangan remaja. Dengan melihat dari beberapa artikel yang terkait didapat hasil bahwa faktor utama  dampak negatif ini timbul karna media informasi, dan kurangnya pemberian layanan informasi yang memadai terkait pendidikan kesehatan reproduksi. Layanan informasi ini sangat berguna agar rasa ingin tau remaja terkait seks itu tidak disalurkan dengan cara berpacaran, melainkan dengan cara remaja mendapat pengetahuan yang lengkap terkait kesehatan reproduksi sehingga tidak penasaran dan mencoba-coba dengan pacaran.
Art Therapy Sebagai Penyaluran Emosi Anak
Authors: Fauziyyah Siti Azizi , Ifdil Ifdil , Putri Yola Eka
Published: November 2021

Dalam undang-undang perlindungan anak pada tahun 2012 mengatakan bahwa anak merupakan generasi muda penerus cita-cita perjuangan bangsa yang memiliki peran penting dalam menjamin kelangsungan negara dan juga eksistensi bangsa ini. Dikarenakan hal ini tentu nya anak diharuskan berkembang secara optimal, baik secara fisik, mental serta sosial serta berakhlak mulia dan sejahtera kehidupannya. Dengan perkembangan emosi anak anak berbeda dan berkembang dengan pengalamanya serta hal diatas juga dapat menimbulkan permasalahan yang berbeda terkait. Emosi pada anak ibarat bom waktu yang ketika dibiarkan akan meledak dan jika demikian maka anak akan kehilangan pengendalian emosinnya. Oleh karena itu anak memerlukan wadah untuk penyaluran emosinya, seperti bermusik, olahraga, bermain, serta menggambar. Kegiatan menggambar pada anak dipercaya sebagai salah satu bentuk penyaluran emosia yang efektif dan kegiatan menggambar juga dapat sebagai bentuk terapi yang membantu anak menyalurkan emosi dalam diri nya yang dipendamnya selama ini yang berada di alam bawah sadarnya. Kegiatan ini dinamakan art therapy yang mana anak menggambar sesuai dengan hal-hal yang ingin disampaikan nya, dan melalui menggambar ini juga diharapkan juga efektif dalam penyelesaiain masalah yang di hadapi anak.
Review: Sistem Penghantaran Obat Tertarget Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor pada Kanker Payudara
Authors: Suhandi Cecep
Published: November 2021

Kanker payudara menjadi salah satu penyebab utama kematian akibat kanker pada populasi wanita di dunia. Tingginya kematian yang terjadi berkorelasi dengan rendahnya efektivitas terapi yang diberikan. Melalui sistem penghantaran obat tertarget pada pengobatan kanker payudara menjadi alternatif baru dalam upaya peningkatan efektivitas terapi. Tinjauan sistematis ini bertujuan untuk menelusuri dan mengumpulkan berbagai data yang memuat potensi terkait perkembangan sistem penghantaran obat tertarget EGFR pada pengobatan kanker payudara. Penelusuran data dilakukan menggunakan kata kunci "((Breast Cancer) AND (Targeted Drug Delivery) AND (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor OR EGFR)) NOT Review” pada basis data Scopus, ScienceDirect, dan PubMed Central. Berdasarkan telaah artikel, diketahui bahwa sistem penghantaran tertarget EGFR pada kanker payudara saat ini dikembangkan dalam bentuk konjugat antibodi-obat, nanopartikel aptamer-protamine-siRNA (APR), konjugat affibodi-hibrid DNA, antibodi biparatopik-bispesifik, konjugat sel T-Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins (DAR-Pins), konjugat multikomponen dalam bentuk dendrimer PAMAM, dan chimera bivalen aptamer-siRNA. Selain itu, target spesifik yang banyak digunakan dalam metode terkini meliputi EGFR natural, HER2, HER3, asam folat, serta gen ErbB3. Perkembangan ini menunjukkan besarnya potensi terapi berbasis penghantaran tertarget EGFR dalam pengobatan kanker payudara.
The Development of Storytelling Guide Model for Teachers at Early Childhood Education
Authors: Agung Arman , Tolla Ismail , Samad Sulaiman
Published: November 2021

All Early Childhood Education teachers realize that storytelling is one of the character-building methods for early childhood. It is rarely applied because storytelling is difficult; they cannot act and imitate voices or sounds. Although there are capable teachers, they are still amateur. Therefore, teachers need a storytelling guide that is valid, practical, and effective. In this study, teachers who were respondents came from four Early Childhood Education units in Palu City, Province of Central Sulawesi. Data was obtained through literature and field studies by collecting theories from relevant research through observation, interviews, and questionnaires. Data collection was carried out in a natural condition and analyzed qualitatively in the form of descriptive data. The results of the study stated that was valid, practical, and effectively used by teachers, that was an increase in knowledge, attitudes, and skills in storytelling after using the guide of the development model.
Teaching and learning during COVID 19: Perspectives of undergraduate Oral Health students.
Authors: Ratnaweera Manorika , Khareedi Rohini
Published: November 2021

Introduction: COVID -19 has caused disruptions in higher education across the world. Our university adapted a blended model of learning, moving between traditional campus-based sessions and online sessions.
Material and Methods: The purpose of this study was to investigate the students’ perceptions of their experience of teaching and learning during the pandemic. An anonymous electronic questionnaire-based survey was sent to students. The data was subject to analysis.
Results: 67 students responded to the survey.32.8% of the participants felt face to face sessions were better than online sessions and 37.3% said that face to face and online sessions offer similar benefits. 37.3% preferred live online sessions while 46.3% preferred recorded videos. 40.3% of students reported finding transitioning into practical sessions challenging. 65.7% reported having been moderately impacted by COVID-19. Adaptation to online sessions, the level of engagement, the ability to seek clarifications, preparation for assessments and the ease of transition into practical sessions were all positively correlated to the level of impact by COVID-19 with p<0.05.
Conclusion: The adaptability to and acceptability of online teaching and learning sessions has been high. A significant number of participants have reported finding the transitioning into practical sessions challenging.
Keywords: COVID-19, Online learning and teaching, blended learning, higher education
Computed tomographic examination of the articular process joints of the cervical spine in warmblood horses: 86 cases (2015–2017)
Authors: Rovel Tibor , Zimmerman Marieke , Duchateau Luc , Delesalle Catherine , Adriaensen Edouard , Mariën Tom , Saunders Jimmy H. , Vanderperren Katrien
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

To describe articular process joints (APJs) of the cervical spine in horses on the basis of CT and to determine whether abnormalities were associated with clinical signs.

ANIMALS

86 client-owned warmblood horses.

PROCEDURES

Horses that underwent CT of the cervical spine between January 2015 and January 2017 were eligible for study inclusion. Medical records were reviewed for age, body weight, breed, sex, history, clinical signs, and CT findings. Horses were divided into 3 case groups and 1 control group on the basis of clinical signs.

RESULTS

70 warmblood horses were cases, and 16 were controls. Abnormalities were more frequent from C5 through T1 and were severe in only horses from the case group. Narrowing of the intervertebral foramen was common in horses in the case group (85.7%), often owing to enlarged, misshaped articular processes, followed by degenerative changes, periarticular osteolysis, cyst-like lesions, and fragmentation. High articular process-to-vertebral body (C6) ratio (APBR) and high-grade narrowing of the intervertebral foramen and periarticular osteolysis were noted for horses with forelimb lameness or signs of cervical pain or stiffness. No association was identified between APBR and age or sex. An APBR > 1.5 was found in only horses in the case group, and 32.3% of APJs with APBRs > 1.5 did not have any degenerative changes and periarticular osteolysis.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

CT was useful to identify abnormalities of the APJs of the cervical spine. An association existed between CT findings and clinical signs. The APJs can be enlarged without concurrent degenerative changes.
Computed tomographic myelography for assessment of the cervical spinal cord in ataxic warmblood horses: 26 cases (2015–2017)
Authors: Rovel Tibor , Zimmerman Marieke , Duchateau Luc , Adriaensen Edouard , Mariën Tom , Saunders Jimmy H. , Vanderperren Katrien
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

To quantify the degree of dural compression and assess the association between site and direction of compression and articular process (AP) size and degree of dural compression with CT myelography.

ANIMALS

26 client-oriented horses with ataxia.

PROCEDURES

Spinal cord-to-dura and AP-to-cross-sectional area of the C6 body ratios (APBRs) were calculated for each noncompressive site and site that had > 50% compression of the subarachnoid space. Site of maximum compression had the largest spinal cord-to-dura ratio. Fisher exact test and linear regression analyses were used to assess the association between site and direction of compression and mean or maximum APBR and spinal cord-todura ratio, respectively.

RESULTS

Mean ± SD spinal cord-to-dura ratio was 0.31 ± 0.044 (range, 0.20 to 0.41) for noncompressive sites and 0.44 ± 0.078 (0.29 to 0.60) for sites of maximum compression. Sites of maximum compression were intervertebral and extra-dural, most frequently at C6 through 7 (n = 10), followed by C3 through 4 (6). Thirteen horses had dorsolateral and lateral compression at the AP joints, secondary to AP (n = 7) or soft tissue proliferation (6). Site significantly affected direction of compression, and directions of compression from occiput through C4 were primarily ventral and lateral, whereas from C6 through T1 were primarily dorsal and dorsolateral. No linear relationship was identified between mean or maximum APBR and spinal cord-to-dura ratio.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

CT myelography may be useful for examination of horses with suspected cervical compressive myelopathy. Degree of compression can be assessed quantitatively, and site of compression significantly affected direction of compression.
Effect of Soil Conditioning on Soil Penetration Resistance and Traction Power Demand of Ploughing
Authors: Tuba Géza , Kovács Györgyi , Sinka Lúcia , Nagy Pál , Rivera-Garcia Arzu , Bajusová Zuzana , Findura Pavol , Zsembeli József
Published: November 2021

Soil compaction and degradation due to improper tillage are problems involving significant natural and economic damages. On compacted soils, suitable cultivation can be implemented only with higher energy and traction force input. In our study, the effect of a soil conditioner (Neosol) was examined on the penetration resistance of the soil and the traction power demand for ploughing in the experiment set up in the East-Slovak Plain in 2017 ‒ 2018 to justify several preliminary results showing that long-term soil conditioning results in enhanced root system, improved soil structure, cultivability, water- and salt regime. We found a positive effect of Neosol application with both investigated parameters and its long-term effect was also justified. The penetration resistance values of the soil of the untreated plot were 17 ‒ 23% higher, while the traction power demand values were 9 ‒ 32% lower in comparison with the Neosol treated plot in the first and the second year of the study, respectively. We assume the cumulative positive effect of soil conditioning on the physical soil properties in the study area, therefore the long-term application of Neosol is recommended for farms having similar soil properties.
Characteristics and prevalence of anterior buccal mandibular depression area in cone-beam computed tomography images
Authors: Köse Taha , Dinçer Köse , Şallı Gülay
Published: November 2021

Background/Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the anterior buccal mandibular depressions (ABMD) prevalence and clinical characteristics at cone-beam computed tomography images (CBCT). Material and Methods: 198 CBCT images with minimal depression between the mandibular molars were evaluated retrospectively. Presence and location of ABMD, its maximum depth, maximum width, cortical width, if any, alveolar crest width at maximum depth, the distance between maximum depth and alveolar crest apex and existing teeth in the relevant region were examined in cross-sectional views. Panoramic radiography of ABMD patients was evaluated for trabecular pattern and radiopacity to determine the area of interest. The possible lingual depression area on the maximum depth of ABMD slice was investigated and the same measurements for ABMD was performed. The presence of aperture/foramen in the ABMD area was also investigated. Results: The prevalence of ABMD was found as 43.43% where 82 cases were at bilateral side and 4 cases were only on left side. Lingual depression was observed in 20.7% right side and 30.2% left side of the ABMD cases. There was no statistically significant difference for maximum depth between different age groups. Most frequent location was observed in lateral and canine region (27.4%) followed by lateral-first premolar area (25.6%). Least frequent location was at canine second premolar area (1.2%). Conclusions: ABMD is a lesser-known area with a high prevalence observed on CBCT images. The detectability of the area on panoramic radiographs is limited. Clinicians should take into consideration ABMDs' characteristics to avoid confusion with periapical pathologies. Failure to detect these areas before implant surgeries may cause complications. For this reason, it is important to be examined in detail for ABMD before surgery.
PENGARUH KESENIAN PĀLA TERHADAP GAYA SENI ARCA CANDI MENDUT
Authors: Winaya Atina
Published: November 2021

Indian culture presents a massive influence in the Early Classic Period in Java. One of the traces found in arts. However, which part of Indian art influenced is rarely mentioned. Some scholars said it was Gupta Art’s influence enormously in the Early Classic Period. Is it just Gupta Art? or another else? This paper aims to add knowledge about another Indian art, namely Pāla Art, which also presents in the Early Classic Period. The style of Pāla Art affects the depiction of Candi Mendut’s sculptures. The data collection using observation techniques and description as well. The data analysis using a qualitative approach by descriptive analysis methods. And finally, the data interpretation using the results of comparative studies. The conclusion reveals the similarities between both data. However, Candi Mendut’s sculptures did not entirely absorb the foreign influences, but they show authentic attributes known as a character of classical Javanese Art. Kebudayaan India memberikan pengaruh yang besar terhadap periode Klasik Tua di Jawa. Jejak kebudayaan India, salah satunya nampak pada bentuk-bentuk kesenian. Meskipun demikian, selama ini jarang disebutkan secara terperinci kesenian India mana saja yang memengaruhi kesenian Jawa klasik. Beberapa ahli berpendapat bahwa kesenian Gupta yang memberikan pengaruh besar terhadap bentuk kesenian Jawa pada periode Klasik Tua. Namun, benarkah hanya kesenian Gupta semata? Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menambahkan pengetahuan mengenai gaya seni India lainnya, yakni kesenian Pāla, yang juga ditemui pada periode Klasik Tua. Pengaruh kesenian itu terlihat pada penggambaran arca-arca candi Mendut. Telaah dihasilkan melalui tahapan kerja yang bertingkat-tingkat, dimulai dari pengumpulan data dengan cara mengamati dan mendeskripsikan data; pengolahan data melalui pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif; serta penafsiran data berdasarkan hasil studi komparasi. Simpulannya memperlihatkan persamaan gaya seni yang membuktikan bahwa kesenian Pāla memberikan pengaruhnya terhadap gaya seni arca Candi Mendut. Meskipun demikian, pengaruh kesenian Pāla tidak serta merta diserap secara utuh, melainkan terdapat ciri khas yang ditemui pada arca Candi Mendut yang menjadikannya sebagai karakter kesenian Jawa klasik.
La industria agro-alimentaria en México: ¿Hacia una nueva relación metabólica hombre-maíz?
Authors: Gouttefanjat Fleur
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: desde hace milenios, el maíz nativo ha sido un fundamento de la cultura material y espiritual de los pueblos mesoamericanos, en primer lugar, por ser el núcleo de sus sistemas alimentarios locales. Al día de hoy, sigue siendo central en la alimentación moderna por ser un ingrediente clave en la industria agroalimentaria. Frente a estos cambios en el manejo y uso del maíz, se habló de la emergencia de una nueva relación metabólica entre el hombre y esta planta milenaria. La meta del presente artículo es aportar algunos elementos para ilustrar esta afirmación, tomando como ejemplo la producción y los usos del maíz en el ámbito de la industria agroalimentaria. Metodología: para alcanzar el objetivo se llevó a cabo un trabajo exploratorio no exhaustivo, de tipo cualitativo. Se basó, en primer lugar, en la recuperación de los aportes teóricos de Karl Marx sobre el concepto de metabolismo entre hombre y naturaleza, centrando el proceso de trabajo —en general y en su forma específicamente capitalista— como su principal determinante. En segundo lugar, se llevó a cabo el análisis de documentos científicos, económicos e institucionales, y de las estrategias comerciales de grandes grupos pertenecientes a la industria agroalimentaria en México. Resultados: el maíz se encuentra hoy en el centro de procesos de trabajo reconfigurados a partir de las necesidades de la industria alimentaria capitalista y basados mayoritariamente en maíz transgénico e importado, procesado a partir de técnicas de fragmentación del grano que permiten la elaboración de productos ultratransformados. Limitaciones: no se tomaron en cuenta otros aspectos de la nueva relación hombre-maíz fuera del ámbito de la industria agroalimentaria. Se analizó el papel del maíz en la industria agroalimentaria a partir del estudio de solamente cuatro grandes empresas agroalimentarias. No se consideró la función del maíz en la producción de piensos. Conclusión: los usos del maíz en el marco de la industria agroalimentaria pueden ser buenos elementos, aunque limitados, para ejemplificar la afirmación según la cual se está reconfigurando drásticamente la relación entre el hombre y el maíz.
Debates sobre la escala geográfica en el mundo anglófono.
Authors: Herod Andrew
Published: November 2021

Los debates sobre la escala geográfica han cambiado radicalmente la forma de la geografía humana anglófona en las tres últimas décadas. A la cabeza de la discusión hay dos grupos de preguntas de mayor importancia: ¿cuál es el estado ontológico de la escala?, y ¿cómo las maneras como imaginamos que el mundo está escalado afectan nuestro comportamiento en él? Estas preguntas revisten especial importancia en el contexto de los argumentos sobre el carácter de la globalización, en las que ocupa un lugar central la consideración sobre la relación cambiante entre distintas escalas; por ejemplo, la globalización se ha considerado de manera variable la representación de un debilitamiento de la soberanía nacional, la deslocalización de la vida social, entre otros. En este artículo, esbozo algunos de los principales elementos de estos debates.
Una mirada geográfica a la escala como instrumento de construcción de la realidad.
Authors: Valenzuela Cristina
Published: November 2021

En este trabajo nos proponemos reflexionar sobre la escala como un instrumento de análisis e interpretación de la realidad, desde la perspectiva geográfica. Para ello, en principio examinaremos las implicancias ontológicas, epistemológicas y pragmáticas del concepto de escala, para luego aplicar esas reflexiones sobre problemáticas de profunda relevancia para la vida en el siglo XXI. El objetivo de estas argumentaciones se apoya en la necesidad de re-pensar la escala en tanto la misma constituye una construcción sociocultural, fluida y altamente contingente, pero a la vez imprescindible para la comprensión de los procesos geográficos de construcción del espacio. Considerando que la elección de la escala involucra la elección de un nivel de generalización específico como punto de partida para la construcción de la realidad, esa preferencia nunca es neutra en sus consecuencias. De allí la necesidad de profundizar en las escalas y su incidencia en la comprensión de problemáticas espaciales.
The Biomechanics of Diabetic Foot Amputation
Authors: McGuire James , Thomson Avery , Kennedy Pamela
Published: November 2021

According to the International Diabetes Federation, approximately 463 million adults live with diabetes mellitus (DM), a number projected to increase to 700 million by 2045; a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) will occur in about 15% of that population. Multiple factors contribute to the development of those wounds including diabetic peripheral neuropathy, biomechanical imbalances, trauma, and peripheral vascular disease. In addition, 85% of all lower limb amputations in patients with diabetes are preceded by a DFU resulting in significant biomechanical challenges for these patients, many of who never become ambulatory again. Prior to surgical intervention, patients come with inherited and acquired biomechanical imbalances or weaknesses such as equinus, severe pronation/supination, mid and forefoot deformities, and muscle weakness unrelated to their other diseases. Surgeons may not take these into consideration when making decisions about amputation level. Choosing the wrong level of amputation in an attempt to “preserve the foot” often sets up the patient to future failure and multiple amputations until a final resolution of the problem. The purpose of this review is to discuss specific biomechanical and quality of life issues associated with lower extremity amputations and identify the most functional levels for lower extremity amputation in compromised patients with a DFU. By reviewing recent data on these amputations, the authors hope to help surgeons choose the appropriate level for intervention and highlight areas of weakness in the literature requiring further investigation.
The Hemostatic and Wound Healing Effect of Chitosan Following Debridement of Chronic Ulcers
Authors: Keast David , Janmohammad Ashrafunissa
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Chitosan has been proven to be helpful in wound care as a hemostatic agent. The hemostatic effect is due to the positively charged chitosan interacting with negatively charged red blood cell membranes, initiating the agglutination of red blood cells and platelets. This promotes the activation of thrombin, which activates the clotting pathway, leading to thrombus formation. Objective. Based on the properties of chitosan as a rapidly acting hemostatic agent, the authors sought to determine if a chitosan gelling fiber wound dressing could control bleeding of freshly debrided wounds. The effect of the chitosan dressing on overall healing and patient and provider satisfaction was also evaluated. Materials and Methods. Wounds of any etiology requiring sharp debridement in patients older than 18 years who were capable of consent were eligible. Wounds were sharply debrided by curettage, scalpel, electrosurgery, or a combination of methods. A chitosan dressing was applied to the freshly debrided wound with gentle pressure. The time from application to hemostasis as assessed by non-progression of blood pattern was measured. Other outcome measures also included digital photography, wound surface area, numerical pain scores, and Photographic Wound Assessment Tool (PWAT) scores. Patient and provider satisfaction were measured. Results. Twenty patients with a variety of etiologies and ulcer types were evaluated. After debridement, wound bleeding was rated as mild (n=9), moderate (n=9), or severe (n=2). The mean time to hemostasis was 75 seconds ± 41 SD (range, 28–221 seconds). In 1 week, the mean wound area decreased from 6.9 cm2 ± 7.8 to 6.2 cm2 ± 7.9 and mean PWAT scores decreased from 17.7 ± 4.9 to 11.4 ± 5.0 (lower score indicates wound healing). Pain scores associated with wound debridement were reduced in all but 1 patient evaluated at week 1. Overall, the rating scores from the Patient Reported Acceptance Questionnaire (PRAQ) and Provider Acceptance Questionnaire (PAQ) developed by this research group were high. The mean total PRAQ score was 30.5 ± 3.9 out of 35 (35 being most satisfied). The PAQ score was 15 out of 15 for all but 1 patient (15 being most satisfied). Conclusions. The chitosan gelling fiber wound dressing was simple to use and rapidly promoted hemostasis in fresh sharply debrided wounds. It was safe and easy to use in an outpatient setting and was highly rated by the patients.
Analisis literasi lingkungan pada mahasiswa pendidikan geografi
Authors: Hariyadi Eko , Maryani Enok , Kastolani Wanjat
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran literasi lingkungan pada mahasiswa pendidikan geografi. Sampel peneltian adalah seluruh mahasiswa pendidikan geografi Universitas Sembilanbelas November Kolaka sebanyak 221 mahasiswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa survey melalui instrumen angket dan soal tes pilihan ganda yang digunakan untuk mengetahui persentase literasi lingkungan mahasiswa, yang terdiri dari indikator pengetahuan lingkungan, keterampilan kognitif, sikap peduli lingkungan dan perilaku pro-lingkungan. Hasil dari pengolahan dan analisis data, maka disimpulkan bahwa literasi lingkungan mahasiswa pendidikan geografi berada pada kategori sedang untuk indikator pengetahuan lingkungan sebesar 78,3%, indikator keterampilan kognitif 63,3%, dan indikator perilaku pro-lingkungan sebesar 65,6%, sedangkan pada indikator sikap peduli lingkungan menunjukkan kategori tinggi dengan persentase 81%. Selain itu, persentase tersebut juga menunjukkan beberapa sub-indikator dengan persentase tertinggi dari indikator literasi lingkungan diantaranya sub-indikator memiliki pengetahuan mengenai pemecahan masalah lingkungan pada indikator pengetahuan lingkungan, sub-indikator memiliki kemampuan dalam merencanakan tindakan penyelidikan isu lingkungan pada indikator keterampilan kognitif, sub-indikator sikap apresiasi terhadap lingkungan pada indikator sikap peduli lingkungan, dan sub-indikator konservasi sumber daya alam pada indikator perilaku pro-lingkungan.
Tinjauan Aspek Keamanan dan Kerahasiaan Rekam Medis di Ruang Filling Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Petala Bumi Tahun 2021
Authors: Nurmariza Sri , Kholili Ulil , Hanafi Ahmad
Published: November 2021

Keamanan dokumen rekam medis menyangkut dalam bahaya dan kerusakan dokumen rekam medis sendiri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tentang keamanan dan kerahasiaan rekam medis di ruang filling.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif, lokasi dan waktu penelitian di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Petala Bumi pada bulan Desember 2020 s/d april 2021. Dengan informan berjumlah 3 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi dan alat perekam. Teknik pengolahan data dengan menggunakan teknik non statistik, analisa data menggunakan triangulasi. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan aspek fisik menggunakan kertas HVS A4, tinta berwarna hitam, masih banyak berkas rekam medis yang tidak diletakkan dirak penyimpanan.Aspek biologis bahwa adanya penyemprotan setiap bulan untuk melindungi rekam medis dari serangan serangga dan belum ada rekam medis yang rusak akibat serangga. Aspek kimiawi bahwa masih ada petugas yang membawa makanan atau minuman didekat rekam medis. SDM bahwa petugas rekam medis di ruang filling masih kurang. Memiliki Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP). Pada sarana dan prasarana diruang filling  yaitu luas ruangan penyimpanan berkas rekam medis belum memadai dan kekurangan rak penyimpanan karena ruangannya kecil dan pas-pasan. Penelitian disimpulkan bahwa keamanan rekam medis berdasarkan aspek fisik, biologis, kimiawi belum dikatakan maksimal karna masih banyak berkas rekam medis aktif yang tidak diletakkan di rak penyimpanan yang bisa merusak rekam medis dan dari aspek kerahasiaan belum sesuai teori karna masih ada petugas lain yang masuk ke ruang penyimpanan rekam medis. Kuantitas SDM kurang dan kualitas SDM cukup baik. SOP sudah diterapkan, Sarana dan prasarana masih kurang. Disarankan agar tidak meletakkan rekam medis disembarang tempat, meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas SDM serta mengoptimalkan sarana dan prasarana.
TinjauanPelaksanaan Pengkodean Penyakit COVID-19 Di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Petala Bumi Provinsi Riau Tahun 2020
Authors: Handayani Maya Silvia , Octaria Haryani
Published: November 2021

Salah satu sistem pengolahan data rekam medis yang penting yaitu sistem pemberian kode (coding) diagnosa. Di dalam masa pandemi ini, pengkodean terhadap penyakit COVID-19 sangat harus diawasi agar dapat berjalan sesuai standar dan mengikuti prosedur yang berlaku. Alur pengkodean COVID-19 yang dilakukan di rumah sakit saat ini pada dasarnya sama seperti pengkodean penyakit yang lain, tetap menggunakan ICD dan mengikuti SOP yang berlaku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan pengkodean penyakit COVID-19 pada berkas rekam medis di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Petala Bumi Provinsi Riau tahun 2020. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang menjelaskan tentang alur proses pengkodean penyakit COVID-19. Penelitian dilakukan di Instalasi Rekam Medis Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Petala Bumi dan penelitian dimulai dari bulan November 2020. Informan penelitian berjumlah 3 orang, teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara dan observasi, hasil data yang diperoleh berupa kualitatif dan deskriptifdan teknik analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis induktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alur proses pengkodean penyakit COVID-19 terlaksana sudah sesuai prosedur yang berpedoman menggunakan klasifikasi ICD-10. SDM untuk pengkodean berjumlah 2 orang dengan latar belakang pendidikan D3 Rekam Medis. Prosedur tetap/SOP pengkodean penyakit COVID-19 di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Petala Bumi belum ada, dikarenakan SOP yang biasa digunakan bersifat general untuk semua pengkodean penyakit. Sarana yang belum tersedia seperti kamus kedokteran dan kamus berbahasa inggris. Kesimpulan penelitian ini alur proses pengkodean penyakit COVID-19 dilaksanakan sama seperti alur proses pengkodean yang lain. SDM pengkodean terdiri dari 2 orang, satu diantaranya sudah pernah mengikuti pelatihan (pelatihan bukan tentang COVID-19). Prosedur tetap/SOP untuk Pengkodean COVID-19 tidak ada. Saran sebaiknya peningkatan kualitas SDM dan menambahkan sarana dan prasarana yang belum tersedia.
KHẢ NĂNG KHÁNG KHUẨN CỦA CAO CHIẾT TỪ CÂY DIỆP HẠ CHÂU (Phyllanthus amarus) ĐỐI VỚI VI KHUẨN Vibrio alginolyticus GÂY BỆNH XUẤT HUYẾT TRÊN CÁ HỒNG MỸ (Sciaenops ocellatus)
Authors: Yen Pham Thi Hai , Linh Nguyễn Quang , Trâm Nguyễn Duy Quỳnh , Ngọc Phước Nguyễn , Hiếu Nguyễn Anh
Published: November 2021

Cá Hồng mỹ (Sciaenops ocellatus) là loài cá biển có giá trị kinh tế cao và là đối tượng nuôi phổ biến ở Việt Nam, nhưng bệnh xuất huyết lở loét do vi khuẩn V. alginolyticus đang là thách thức chính cho nghề nuôi loài cá này tại Thừa Thiên Huế. Nghiên cứu này xác định hoạt tính kháng vi khuẩn của cao chiết từ cây Diệp hạ châu (Phyllanthus amarus) đối với 5 chủng V. alginolyticus được xác định là tác nhân gây bệnh xuất huyết trên cá Hồng mỹ. Cao chiết ở các nồng độ 100–500 mg/mL đều có khả năng kháng vi khuẩn V. alginolyticus, cao nhất ở nồng độ 500 mg/mL với đường kính vòng kháng lớn nhất (p < 0,05). Nồng độ ức chế tối thiểu (MIC) dao động từ 6,25 đến 25 mg/mL; nồng độ tiêu diệt tối thiểu (MBC) dao động từ 25 đến 50 mg/mL; tỷ lệ MBC/MIC từ 2 đến 4. Nồng độ cao chiết từ 50 đến 2.000 mg/mL cũng an toàn đối với cá Hồng mỹ ở giai đoạn giống.
The Life Changer: Social Workers in Rehabilitation Facilities for Child in Conflict with the Law
Authors: Patalinghug Mark Erana
Published: November 2021

Delinquent minors are offered special services intended to prevent them from entering the juvenile justice system. Through productive activities, delinquents are trained to acquire socially acceptable behavior with the help of social workers. This phenomenological study explored the social workers' experiences in handling juvenile cases. The study focused on 10 social workers from rehabilitation facilities of children in conflict with the law in the Zamboanga Peninsula Region, Philippines. The result of the study revealed that working with the juvenile's case, social workers have encountered positive and negative experiences. The study leads to the challenges and plight of social workers in their day-to-day activity in juvenile case management. As for how the participants coped with the challenges, they have been mentored and adjusted very well like their work. They also managed their challenges by viewing them as advocacy and service to humanity through altruistic activities.