bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APROXIMACIÓN AL TURISMO RELACIONADO CON LAS ZONAS DE BAÑO EN EXTREMADURA: UN META-ANÁLISIS A PARTIR DE TRABAJOS ACADÉMICOS INÉDITOS
Authors: Pulido Fernández Manuel , Robina Ramírez Rafael , Garrido Velarde Jacinto
Published: June 2021

Más de un centenar de trabajos académicos son presentados anualmente en las facultades españolas con el objetivo de obtener un título de Graduado en Turismo. Muchos de ellos, se mantienen inéditos, a pesar de la utilidad de los datos que recopilan, bien por aspectos formales o por la escasa envergadura que presentan en sí de manera aislada. En este trabajo, por tanto, se han recopilado y analizado los datos de una serie de estudios que han sido llevados a cabo por estudiantes de turismo, y cuyo objetivo era analizar la oferta y la demanda turística de zonas de baño de Extremadura con diferentes características: embalses, gargantas, balnearios y una antigua cantera. Todas ellas comparten fortalezas como la pertenencia a espacios protegidos y la cercanía a numerosos recursos turísticos pero se observan diferentes aprovechamientos en términos de oferta hotelera y de restauración. Respecto a la demanda, predomina el turismo nacional, con vínculos a las localidades cercanas y con una mayor concentración en los fines de semana.

More than a hundred academic works are presented annually in Spanish faculties with the aim of obtaining a degree in Tourism. Many of them remain unpublished, despite the usefulness of their data, either because formal aspects or the limited size of their studies. In this work, we have collected and analyzed a sort of academic works in which tourist supply and demand of bathing areas of Extremadura (reservoirs, gorges and an old quarry) have been the core of the study. All of them share strengths such as belonging to protected areas and the proximity to numerous tourist resources but different uses are observed in terms of hotel and restaurant offer. Regarding demand, national tourism linked to nearby towns with a greater concentration on weekends is predominant.
Undersøgende undervisning i et sammenlignede fagdidaktisk perspektiv
Authors: Rørbech Helle
Published: June 2021

-responsartikel til Morten Blomhøjs artikel ”Samspil mellem fagdidaktisk forskning

og udvikling af matematikundervisning -belyst gennem erfaringer fra et udviklingsprojekt i undersøgende matematik undervisning”.
Repertory theater of production type – trends in the dialogue of cultures in modern music and theater culture (on the example of the Ural Opera Ballet Theater)
Authors: Shishkin Andrei Gennadievich
Published: June 2021

This article reviews a new model of repertory opera theater of production type, which has emerged at the intersection of traditional repertoire and project, or production theaters: it represents a special channel of intercultural communication. Opera performance creates a space simultaneously in several dimensions – musical, verbal, and visual; it resembles a form of polylogue of the authors and stage directors of the performance, becomes a realization of the dialogue of cultures, and turns into a unique form of art involving the representatives of different cultural systems. This is proven by particular artistic experiences of the dialogue of cultures in modern opera on the example of Ural Opera Ballet Theater in Yekaterinburg and its projects “Satyagraha”, “The Passenger”, “The Greek Passion”, and “Three Sisters”. A number of important ideas of theoretical and historical culturology find practical substantiation: the paramount prerequisite for the effectiveness of any activity – the unity of theory and practice is realizes in the sphere of artistic culture. It is determined that within the framework of repertory theatre, production direction must take consider the time requirements that are solved in the field of the dialogue of cultures. The article demonstrates that the dialogue of cultures manifests as the dominant trend in the development of theatrical culture, allowing a more effective response of the creative process to the demands of time. It is proven that the work created in the process of the dialogue of cultures, which contains polyphony of voices, requires peculiar work with the audience, who is also engaged in dialogue with the performance.
The impact of financial policy upon innovation activity in the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Klimova Natalia Petrovna
Published: June 2021

The object of this research is the financial policy and indicators that characterize it. Financial policy certainly has a significant impact upon the actions of innovation actors along with other important factors: access to scientific and technological information, availability of highly skilled personnel, level of innovation infrastructure, status of development of domestic and foreign target markets, availability of domestic market for foreign investment, protection of the rights of investors, trusts of the manufacturers in national currency, absence of obstacles to starting a business, consumer preferences, etc. Using the method of graphical analysis, the author illustrates the dynamics of innovation behavior of the Belarusian companies in the context of changing the key financial indicators. The management of available resources in the company – accrual, savings, or investment into innovation development – would depend on the economic conditions established in the country. The conducted analysis allows concluding on interdependence between the financial results of the companies and their innovation activity, the amount of borrowings and innovation costs, as well as currency rates on the investment in innovation.
The past in the present: experience of structural-semantic analysis of the image of Lady Destiny in Hegel's "Phenomenology of Spirit"
Authors: Korotkikh Vyacheslav Ivanovich
Published: June 2021

This article explores the Hegelian concept of cognition of the history of culture reflected in the “Phenomenology of the Spirit” in the image of Lady Destiny. Therefore, the author offers a new translation version of one of the fragments of Hegel's “Phenomenology of Spirit”, which is of fundamental importance for understanding the message of the work and its structure. Special attention is given to the Hegelian perspective on historical cognition, peculiarities of the language of “Phenomenology of Spirit”, and the role of imagery in describing the “experience of consciousness”. The author substantiates the statement that recognition of the universal correlations and integrity of history serves as the prerequisite for its comprehensibility. The article indicates the dependence of the developed by Hegel concept of nature and purpose of the philosophy on his doctrine of historical consciousness. A detailed analysis is conducted on the image of Lady Destiny and its role within the conceptual structure of the “Phenomenology of the Spirit”. The author describes the role of this image in the Hegelian concept of cognitions of the history of culture, analyzes the place of imagery means in describing the experience of consciousness, adjusts the traditional representations on the nature and peculiarities of the system of Hegel's philosophy. Emphasis is placed on the importance of personal aspect in the Hegelian concept of historical cognition and it correlation with the central for Hegel’s philosophy intuition of history as a complete whole. The research employs a set of historical-philosophical methods, as well as comparative analysis of the historical-cultural phenomena. In translation of the Hegelian text, the author resorts to etymology for clarification of the available Russian translations.
Experimental study of crossflow instability in a Mach 6 delta wing flow
Authors: Niu Hai-Bo , Yi Shi-He , Liu Xiao-Lin , Huo Jun-Jie , Gang Dun-Dian ,   College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
Published: June 2021

In this paper, the traveling crossflow instability in the boundary layer on the windward side of a delta wing is studied. The experiments are carried out in a Mach 6 low-noise wind tunnel, with the angles of attack of the model being 5° and 10°, and the Reynolds number being in a range of 2.43 × 106–14.21 × 106 m–1. The wall fluctuation pressure is measured by fast-response Kulite pressure transducers. The power spectrum density (PSD) analysis is conducted to obtain the disturbance waves' development process in the boundary layer. The temperature-sensitive paints (TSPs) and nano-tracer based planar laser scattering (NPLS) technique are also used. From the TSP results, the boundary layer transition near the leading edge of the delta wing is smooth and parallel to the leading edge. A peak around 10 kHz in power spectrum density is detected by the fast-response pressure sensor, which may be caused by the traveling crossflow waves. To verify this dominant mode, an NPLS image in the plane of n = 36 mm is obtained. The shapes of vortex structures correspond to the shapes of the crossflow vortices from the numerical simulation. Only when the boundary layer is laminar can the traveling crossflow wave signal be observed from the PSD curves. When the boundary layer is at a transitional or turbulent phase, the low-frequency component is dominant in the PSD curve. With the increase of Reynolds number, the characteristic frequency of the crossflow wave increases, and the wave’s amplitude first increases and then decreases. Moreover, the angle of attack effect is obtained. The increasing of the angle of attack can make the traveling crossflow wave grow faster and saturate, attenuate at the position closer to the leading edge of the delta wing or at a lower Reynolds number. By sensor pairs composed of three Kulite transducers, the phase velocity and the propagation angle of the traveling crossflow wave are investigated. The dimensionless phase velocities of the traveling wave are in ranges of 0.24–0.26 and 0.26–0.32 at 5° and 10° angles of attack, respectively. The propagation angles are at 50°–60° and 40°–55° at the angles of attack of 5° and 10°, respectively. At a larger angle of attack, the traveling wave’s propagation angel is smaller, but the phase velocity is bigger. It may be because the spanwise pressure gradient is higher at a larger angle of attack, and then the crossflow velocity is stronger.
Influence of electron scattering and energy partition method on electron transport coefficient
Authors: Song Meng-Meng , Zhou Qian-Hong , Sun Qiang , Zhang Han-Tian , Yang Wei , Dong Ye ,   Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, China,   Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100088, China
Published: June 2021

The veracity of a low temperature plasma model is limited by the accuracy of the electron transport coefficient, which can be solved by simulating the electron transport process. When simulating the transport properties of electrons, there are a variety of approaches to dealing with the scattering of electrons and energy partition between the primary-electrons and secondary-electrons after electron-neutral particles’ collision. In this paper used is a model based on the Monte Carlo collision method to investigate the influence of scattering method and energy partition method on the electron transport coefficient. The electron energy distribution function, electron mean energy, flux mobility and diffusion coefficients, as well as the Townsend ionization coefficients are calculated in the hydrogen atom gas under a reduced electric field from 10 to 1000 Td. The calculation results show that the influence of the isotropic scattering assumption on the electron transport coefficients increases with reduced electric field increasing. However, even under a relatively low reduced electric field (10 Td), the calculated mean energy, flux mobility, and flux diffusion coefficient of electrons under the assumption of anisotropic scattering are 39.68%, 17.38% and 119.18% higher than those under the assumption of the isotropic scattering. The different energy partition methods have a significant influence on the electron transport coefficient under a medium-to-high reduced electric field (> 200 Td). Under a high electric field, the mean energy, flux mobility and flux diffusion coefficient calculated by the equal-partition method (the primary and secondary electrons equally share the available energy) are all less than the values from the zero-partition method (the energy of secondary-electrons is assigned to zero). While the change of Townsend ionization coefficient with reduced electric fields shows a different trend. The electron transport coefficient obtained by the Opal method lies between the values from the equal-partition method and the zero-partition method. In addition, considering the anisotropic scattering, the influence of energy partition method on the transport coefficient is higher than that under the assumption of isotropic scattering. This study shows the necessity of considering the anisotropic electron scattering for calculating the electron transport coefficient, and special attention should be paid to the choice of energy partition method under a high reduced electric field.
Circular electron-positron collider beam energy measurement scheme based on microwave-electronic Compton backscattering
Authors: Dong Xu , Huang Yong-Sheng , Tang Guang-Yi , Chen Shan-Hong , Si Mei-Yu , Zhang Jian-Yong ,   College of Science, Hohai Univeisity, Nanjing 210098, China,   Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Published: June 2021

The accurate calibration of the beam energy of the circular electron-positron collider (CEPC) is performed to accurately measure the mass width of Higgs particle and the mass of W/Z boson, thus providing the basic experimental basis for the accurate test of the standard model. Based on this, the error control of beam energy is required to be at a level of 10–5. Compton backscattering method is suitable for high precision calibration of beam energy in the Hundred GeV high energy electron collider. In this work, the CEPC beam energy is predicted to reach a theoretical accuracy of about 3 MeV by using the accurate measurement of the scattered photon energy after microwave electron Compton backscattering. Firstly, TM01 mode microwave transmission in circular waveguide is selected according to the design requirements, and the electromagnetic field distribution and Poynting vector under this condition are solved. According to the photon distribution and transmission in the waveguide, the design idea is proposed to simplify the complexity of calculation, and the parameters conforming to the design requirements are solved by combining the simultaneous equations of the high purity germanium detector sensitivity and the background of synchrotron radiation. Using the optimal set of waveguide inner diameter, microwave wavelength and electron incident angle data, the derivative of the differential scattering cross section with respect to energy and the collision brightness are obtained when the microwave power is 100 W. The scattered photon density of 15 MeV energy is further obtained, and the signal-to-noise ratio is analyzed according to the photon density of synchrotron radiation under this energy. The feasibility of the scheme is demonstrated theoretically and the technical difficulties and problems to be further studied are discussed.
Theoretical and numerical studies of the phase velocity of wakefields in plasma driven by self-modulated proton beams with electron beam seeding
Authors: Hua Jin-Yu , Sheng Zheng-Ming ,   Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China,   Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Published: June 2021

Significant progress has been made in the studies of wakefield excitation in plasma by a self-modulated high energy proton beam in the past decade. The electron beams accelerated up to 2 GeV by using such a wakefield were demonstrated in the AWAKE experiment at CERN in 2018. Aiming at the application of high energy particle accelerators, new ideas have been investigated in recent years, such as seeding the proton beam self-modulation with an electron beam in order to enhance the strength and stability of the wakefield or adding a density transition in the plasma distribution to enhance the phase velocity and the strength of the wakefield. Here in this work, we investigate the effects of electron beam seeding on the phase velocity of the wakefield generated by the modulated proton beam in plasma. The physical mechanisms responsible for the phase velocity change and the roles played by the electron beam seeding are discussed. The theoretical analysis and two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that both the growth rate and the phase velocity of the wakefield generated by the modulated proton beam can be enhanced by the electron beam seeding. The higher the charge density of the electron beam, the more significant the enhancement effects. The effects of electron beam energy and proton beam longitudinal profiles on the increase of phase velocity are also studied. It is shown that the evolution of the electron beam distribution has a significant effect on the seeding self-modulation process, and thus affecting the phase velocity. A self-focusing electron seeding beam can increase the phase velocity of the wakefield even to superluminal while an expanding seeding beam can reduce the phase velocity and destroy the stability of the whole process. This work may benefit the proton beam seeding self-modulation acceleration and its applications.
Distribution reconstruction of non-uniform combustion field based on improved simulated annealing algorithm
Authors: Zang Yi-Peng , Xu Zhen-Yu , Huang An , Ai Su-Man , Xia Hui-Hui , Kan Rui-Feng ,   Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China,   University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Published: June 2021

In this paper, a method of selecting the optimal transition lines’ combination is analyzed to measure the absorption spectrum of the non-uniform combustion flow field, which is used to solve the basic two-region distribution, and an improved simulated annealing algorithm (ISA) is proposed for reconstructing the field distribution of the combustion flow field, in order to solve the problems of slow convergence speed and low efficiency of the traditional simulated annealing algorithm. By modifying the model perturbation mode and annealing strategy, the efficiency of the algorithm and the chance to jump out of the local optimal space are further improved. According to the numerical simulation results, more transitions are helpful in improving the accuracy of combustion field reconstruction and making the reconstruction less sensitive to noise. It is worth noting that the optimal transitions’ combination is better than the non-optimal transitions’ combination with more transitions included. In this paper, three different combustion models are constructed to verify the effectiveness of the improved algorithm. A comparison between the reconstruction results of the traditional simulated annealing algorithm and the improved simulated annealing algorithm shows that both algorithms have the same precision but the latter algorithm has a higher operating efficiency, and a faster running time (nearly 40 times faster than the former algorithm). At the same time, the simulation results also show that the reconstruction accuracy will decrease slightly with the complication of combustion flow field. By building the TDLAS-HT measurement system in the laboratory and using 8 × 8 orthogonal optical path arrangement, the two different combustion states formed before and after placing the steel rod in the flat flame furnace are reconstructed, the results show that the reconstruction distribution is basically consistent with the original distribution, and the reconstructed distribution well shows the combustion characteristics of the original distribution of the flame field. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulation and verification tests. Under the condition of the same reconstruction accuracy as the reconstruction accuracy of the traditional simulated annealing algorithm, the higher operating efficiency is helpful in reconstructing the rapidly changing turbulent field, which has some guiding significance for the hyperspectral reconstruction of temperature and concentration distribution in the combustion flow field.
Connectedness concept in intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Comilla University, Mahbub Md. Aman , Hossain Md. Sahadat ,   Department of Mathematics, University of Rajshahi, Hossain M. Altab ,   Department of Mathematics, University of Rajshahi
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this paper is to establish the connectedness in intuitionistic fuzzy topological space. In this paper we give six notions of separatedness, connectedness and total connectedness and one notion of T1-space in intuitionistic fuzzy topological space. Also, we find a relation between classical topology and intuitionistic fuzzy topology. Further, we show that connectedness in intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces are productive and we demonstrate some of its features.
Modifications of the Third Zadeh’s intuitionistic fuzzy implication
Authors:   Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Atanassov Krassimir ,   Intelligent Systems Laboratory, Prof. Dr. Asen Zlatarov University, Angelova Nora ,   Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Sofia University
Published: June 2021

In [24], G. Klir and B. Yuan named after L. Zadeh the implication p → q = max(1 − p, min(p, q)). In a series of papers, the author introduced two intuitionistic fuzzy forms of Zadeh’s implication and their basic properties have been studied. In the present paper, a new (third) intuitionistic fuzzy form of Zadeh’s implication is given and some of its properties are studied.
Hur stor är en gruva?
Authors: Dahlin Johanna
Published: June 2021

Planerna på en järnmalmsgruva i Kallak utanför Jokkmokk i Norrbottens län har mött stort motstånd, men har också ivriga förespråkare. Denna artikel analyserar de kontroversiella planerna genom att studera handläggningen av ansökan om bearbetningskoncession. Ärendet som har handlagts i flera omgångar och två gånger hänskjutits till regeringen för beslut. I skrivande stund, mer än sju år efter att ansökan gjordes, saknas ännu beslut i ärendet. Genom en diskussion av fallet Kallak vill jag belysa hur djupt politiska grundantaganden kommer in i förvaltningsprocessen och påverkar hur olika instanser agerar i ärendet. Artikeln bygger på en analys av material som har producerats och inkommit i processen i form av skrivelser och yttranden. Handläggningsprocessen visar att frågan om att bevilja en bearbetningskoncession är svåravgränsad och knuten till ett antal andra överlappande problemområden. Med den här artikeln vill jag bidra med förståelse för hur handläggningen i det här fallet inte alls är konsensusdriven, teknisk fråga, utan hur konflikter mellan olika preferenser, värden och världsbilder kommer till uttryck i beslutsprocessen.
Intergenerational learning and Sikolohiyang Pilipino
Authors: Oropilla Czarecah Tuppil , Guadana Jean
Published: June 2021

Research on intergenerational learning delves into both the reciprocal transfer of knowledge and learning relationships between different generations. However, as this is an emerging research topic, there is a gap in the information available from various cultures. This paper aims to present intergenerational learning through the development of non-western indigenous psychology via the lens of Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology) in order to broaden the existing perspectives and understanding of intergenerational learning, engagements, and programs. By utilizing the theoretical framework of Sikolohiyang Pilipino, notably as espoused by Virgilio Enriquez, indigenous Filipino values are identified as key to understanding the predominance of family and community as venues and arenas for intergenerational learning in the Philippines. This underscores the importance of using the philosophical arguments associated with different cultural perspectives to challenge current assumptions and biases in intergenerational research and of being mindful when applying concepts that predominate in one culture to another. Additional intergenerational research in the Philippines will benefit from the inclusion of Sikolohiyang Pilipino as a theoretical framework since this will enable a deeper understanding of educational concepts within Filipino culture.
Editorial Introduction
Authors: Hebert David G.
Published: June 2021

The articles in this special issue on “New Perspectives on Asian Educational Philosophies” offer a comparative perspective to explain the educational philosophies of notable Asian thinkers who tend to be little recognized in Europe. Arguments associated with decolonization offer one timely rationale for our work, but our purpose with this special issue is not so much about convincing readers that change is necessary, but rather to offer specific resources for diversification of higher education curricula. We assume that as years pass, educators will increasingly seek to know more about educational thought from across the world.
Investigating cross-lingual training for offensive language detection
Authors: Pelicon Andraž , Shekhar Ravi , Škrlj Blaž , Purver Matthew , Pollak Senja
Published: June 2021

Platforms that feature user-generated content (social media, online forums, newspaper comment sections etc.) have to detect and filter offensive speech within large, fast-changing datasets. While many automatic methods have been proposed and achieve good accuracies, most of these focus on the English language, and are hard to apply directly to languages in which few labeled datasets exist. Recent work has therefore investigated the use ofcross-lingual transfer learningto solve this problem, training a model in a well-resourced language and transferring to a less-resourced target language; but performance has so far been significantly less impressive. In this paper, we investigate the reasons for this performance drop, via a systematic comparison of pre-trained models and intermediate training regimes on five different languages. We show that using a better pre-trained language model results in a large gain in overall performance and in zero-shot transfer, and that intermediate training on other languages is effective when little target-language data is available. We then use multiple analyses of classifier confidence and language model vocabulary to shed light on exactly where these gains come from and gain insight into the sources of the most typical mistakes.
Making a case for genomics in chiropractic education
Authors: Burnham Kara D. , Takaki Leslie A.K.
Published: June 2021

Objective

To determine if an existing course in genetics should be revised to refocus on the topic of genomics and its impact on health and primary care, a survey of chiropractors was conducted regarding genomics and patient care.

Methods

A short survey was designed to ascertain chiropractors' knowledge and use of genomics in their practices, particularly regarding direct to consumer genetic testing. Nine closed-ended questions and 2 open-ended questions were included. Pearson correlation was used to evaluate relationships between close-ended responses. Content analysis was conducted on the final open-ended question that queried respondents for further comments.

Results

There were 181 completed surveys returned. Patients do ask chiropractors about their own direct to consumer genetic testing results—42% indicated that they are approached by patients 1–3 times per month to discuss genetics/genomics. Knowledge of genomics varies among chiropractors, yet 51% feel that teaching genomics is moderately (31%) or extremely (20%) important.

Conclusion

An introductory course in clinical genomics is necessary to prepare a chiropractor for patient care.
Preservation of Indigenous Fungal Cultures by Freeze Drying Technique using Skim Milk and Honey as the Protectants
Authors: Olukotun G. B. , Adamu B. B. , Asake O. J. , Zobeashia S. S. Leh-Togi
Published: June 2021

COVID-19 pandemic movement restrictions as part of the control measures put in place by countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has implications on many sectors which include very high costs of importing materials owing to high exchange rates as well as non- availability of microbial cultures for food/ industrial productions, medical/academic research and applications because of fear of new microbial infections and bio-terrorism. Overcoming these challenges in SSA requires developing better policies and packages to confront the challenges by way of rebooting their strategies and policies for sustainable economic growth through reawakening the potentials they have. The maintenance and production of reliable pure microbial cultures with desirable quality is a key operation and is the first significant stage in the success of fungal applications in any scientific venture where they are used. For many years the process of freeze-drying (lyophilisation) has been employed primarily with the purpose of preserving living materials, including microorganisms, for extended periods of time; this is possible because, upon dehydration, substances no longer change as a consequence of the usual turnover of metabolic reactions characteristic of the living condition. This study assessed lyophilization (freeze drying) of some indigenous filamentous fungal cultures (Spores) using skim milk and honey (supports being maize and cassava flours) as the protectants and then critically compared the two protective media for the preservation of active filamentous fungi spores for the first time, and from the data obtained, their applications were optimised. Some fungal isolates(Aspergillus sp., Mucor sp., Penicillum sp., Fusarium sp., Rhizopus sp., Cladosporium sp. Alternaria sp. and Geotricum sp.) previously purified and identified were obtained from the Products Development Unit, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria and were re-validated where their viability and purity were confirmed. The samples were Freeze Dried in the respective medium and monitored immediately after. After the freeze‐drying, the residual water contents were between 0.20-0.32%, 0.39-0.49% and 0.33-0.41%, respectively, with skim milk, Honey with Cassava Starch and honey with Maize Starch. The driedspore viabilities were between 96% (Aspergillus spores in Reconstituted Skim Milk) and 21% (Geotricum spores in Honey with Cassava Starch. Among the protective agents used, skim milk was found to be the best protectant.Each fungal isolate was considered viable if the rate of growth present was the same as that of the original culture and if the morphology of the colony matched the fungal identification documented for each species. All lyophilized fungal species were found viable from both type of lyophilized materials, skim milk and honey and showed the initial colony characteristics and growth rates.
The Reality of Electronic Leadership in Jordanian Schools from the Perspective of Its Teachers
Authors: Al-Hawawsheh Diya’ Muflih Ali
Published: June 2021

E-leadership has become very essential to be practiced in an environment dominated by accelerating change and high competitiveness. Schools need e-leadership to achieve their e-activities and satisfy their students’ online requirements. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the reality of e-leadership in Jordanian schools for purpose of enhancing their educational performance. The study population consisted of all Jordanian schools through all Jordanian governorates, and the study sample was composed of (386) teachers from different educational directorates. A self-reported questionnaire composed of (6) dimensions with (36) items, was used for collecting data from the study sample.  Descriptive statistics means, and standard deviation were used for data analysis using SPSS tools. It was found that e-leadership is practiced in a medium level by the teachers of Jordanian schools, with e- management practice in the first rank, and E- Team Building practice in the final rank.
Research on Online Mathematics Teaching in Chinese Colleges
Authors: Shi Chunge , Yang Zezhong
Published: June 2021

Aims: This paper was carried out to understand the situation and implementation effect of mathematics education and teaching work in colleges under the epidemic situation, grasp the problems and solving strategies in the practical processes, provide new ideas for mathematics education researchers and new inspiration for optimizing online teaching.

Methodology: The researcher checked all references that met the research criteria and finally identified 37 papers as research papers and summarized all the achievements by taking notes.

Conclusions: It is found that the current research results for college mathematics online teaching can be roughly divided into three types: college mathematics online teaching models and platforms, implementation strategies, and evaluation reflections. (1) Current domestic studies mainly focus on the selection of online teaching platforms and models, the implementation strategies of college mathematics online teaching (including strategies before class, during class and after class), and evaluation and reflection (advantages, limitations, factors and optimization). Previous studies have included many achievements with a certain depth and laid a good foundation for future research. (2) Previous studies have great limitations in the selection of research methods, and lack of empirical research to strengthen persuasiveness and reliability. Secondly, although the predecessors have obtained many results, the depth and breadth are very limited. (3) There is still a lot of room for research on this subject, such as online teaching research for other narrow higher mathematics courses, research on online teaching models suitable for students of different professional categories and ability levels, and establishing a sound evaluation system of blended learning model, etc.
Development of Crop Geometry for Drip Irrigated Rice Cultivation
Authors: Kannan S. Vallal , Ravikumar V.
Published: June 2021

Aims: To determine the effectiveness of the selected dripper spacing and dripper discharge rate on crop growth and yield parameters of rice crop and to determine the suitable variety and crop geometry for higher productivity and use efficiency of drip irrigations system.

Study design: Experiment was conducted in strip plot design, method of establishment as main plot treatment viz., Direct seeded under raised bed (M1) and Transplanting under raised bed, varieties as sub-plot treatment viz., ‘ADT 54’, ‘TKM 13’ and‘ CR 1009 sub-1’(medium and long duration variety)and spacing as sub- sub-plot treatment viz., 20 x 10 cm , 20 x 20 cm , 25 x 25 cm and 20 x 40 x 10 cm (Paired row) .

Place and duration of the study: Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Kumulur, Tiruchirapalli district of Tamil Nadu during 2019-2021(two years) in sandy clay loam soil during Samba season

Methodology: The growth and yield parameters viz., plant height, number of tillers and productivity tillers, number of filled grains, test weight and grain and straw yield was observed and economics on cost of cultivation, gross return, net return and BCR were calculated and water use efficiency and water productivity were calculated.

Results: Studies showed that 90 cm lateral and 60 cm dripper spacing with 4lph is the optimum for rice cultivation under sandy clay loam soil. Combination of direct seeded rice in raised bed with medium duration variety ‘TKM 13’ in the spacing of 20x40x10 cm(paired row)was recorded higher grain yield(7075 kg/ha) and net return(Rs. 82526/ha), BCR (2.76 )and higher water use efficiency (7.69 kg./ha-mm) in drip irrigated paddy cultivation during Samba season.

Conclusion: Direct seeding in raised bed with medium duration variety at the spacing of 20x40x10 cm along with other agronomic practices is the best for getting higher yield parameters, yield, net return, higher water use efficiency and water productivity in Samba (Rabi) season under drip irrigated rice cultivation.
Soybean Physiology and Yield Response to Seed Rate and Sowing Method
Authors: Keerthana S. Madhana , Ramakrishnan R. Shiv , Pathak Nidhi , Ghosh Dibakar , Koutu G. K. , Nagre Sachin , Gontia A. S. , Sharma Radhesham , Kumar Ashish , Sharma Stuti , Vinoth R. , Jain Vikash
Published: June 2021

The soybean crop is highly sensitive to climate change associated events viz., global warming, drought, and water-logging at the time of highly sensitive flowering and grain filling stage, causing a shortfall in production and supply of quality seed to the country. Under prevailing high-density planting, at the seed rate of 70 kg ha-1 and flatbed sowing method, plant growth is restricted due to limitation of radiation and nutrients. Hence, the seed rate and sowing method need revision in an era of climate change. Therefore, we hypothesized that adopting a lower seed rate under ridges and furrow sowing would improve seed yield and quality over the prevailing seed rate of 70 kg ha-1 and flatbed sowing method. In order to test our hypothesis, an experiment was conducted to study the effect of various seed rates and sowing methods on growth and productivity of soybean. Studies revealed that a seed rate of 70 kg ha-1 shows superiority in terms of seed yield (3873.70 kg ha-1) which was at par with 60 kg ha-1 (3359.40 kg ha-1). Lower seed rate of 60 kg ha-1 was superior in terms of seed yield per plant (8.99 g plant-1), biological yield (6310 kg ha-1), Harvest index (35.69%), dry matter accumulation in pods at 61 DAS (1.74 g). Ridges and furrow sowing method was found superior for biological yield (26.33 g plant-1) and (6958.90 kg ha-1), dry matter accumulation in pods at 61 DAS (1.84 g), Leaf Area Duration at 71 DAS (19535.00 cm2.days). Interaction studies revealed that 60 kg ha-1 seed rate with ridge and furrow stand superior in terms of seed yield per plant 10.65 g plant-1 which was attributed to maximum harvest index (29.58%), dry matter accumulation in pod at 61 DAS (2.13 g), Leaf Area Duration at 71-81 DAS (22069.00 cm2.days). In contrary, highest seed yield(4018.89 kg ha-1) was observed for seed rate of 70 kg ha-1 with flat bed sowing. Hence it can be concluded that, under low productive environment the efficient dry matter accumulation, leaf area development and number of branches under low density planting will not compensate for the higher plant stand induced yield increment due to high density planting. Therefore, higher seed rate of 70 kg/ha with ridge and furrow sowing will be recommended to the farmers to get higher yield of soybean under rainfed and low productive environment.
Spatial Mesh Refinement using Cubic Smoothing Spline Interpolation in Simulation of 2-D Elastic Wave Equation: Forward Modeling of Full-waveform Inversion
Authors: Ambegedara Amila Sudu , Udagedara U. G. I. G. K. , Bollt Erik M.
Published: June 2021

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a non-destructive health monitoring technique that can be used to identify and quantify the embedded anomalies. The forward modeling of the FWI consists of a simulation of elastic wave equation to generate synthetic data. Thus the accuracy of the FWI method highly depends on the simulation method used in the forward modeling. Simulation of a 3-D seismic survey with small-scale heterogeneities is impossible with the classic finite difference approach even on modern super computers. In this work, we adopted a mesh refinement approach for simulation of the wave equation in the presence of small-scale heterogeneities. This approach uses cubic smoothing spline interpolation for spatial mesh refinement step in solving the wave equation. The simulation results for the 2-D elastic wave equation are presented and compared with the classic finite difference approach.
Comparative Phytochemical Analysis of the Leaves and Stem of Five Species of Sida L.
Authors: Bassey Margaret Emmanuel , Johnny Imoh Imeh , Umoh Omodot Timothy , George Utibe-Ima Monday
Published: June 2021

This study is aimed at evaluating the qualitative phytochemical constituents of the leaf and stem of five common species of Sida collected in Uyo metropolis. These species are medicinal plants used in folk medicine for the management of testicular swelling, elephantiasis, skin disease, fever, ulcer and urinary disease. Phytochemical screening was carried out on Sida acuta Burm. f, Sida stipulata Cav., Sida rhombifolia L., Sida corymbosa R. E. Fr. and Sida sp. using standard methods. Saponins, Tannins and Cardiac glycosides were present in the stem and leaves of all the five species. However, Tannins were strongly present in the leaves while Cardiac glycosides were strongly present in the stems of all the five species. Trace amounts of Phlobatannins were also present in the leaves and stems of all species. Terpenoids were present only in the leaves of S. rhombifolia and absent in all others. The strong presence of Saponins in both stem and leaf extracts as well as the presence of alkaloid in the leaves of Sida sp. differentiated it from the other four species.  The taxonomic implication of this is discussed in the work. The presence of these phytochemicals also lends credence for their usage in folk medicine.
High‐Performance van der Waals Metal‐Insulator‐Semiconductor Photodetector Optimized with Valence Band Matching
Authors: Gao Feng , Chen Hongyu , Feng Wei , Hu Yunxia , Shang Huiming , Xu Bo , Zhang Jia , Xu Cheng‐Yan , Hu PingAn
Published: June 2021

The vertical metal‐insulator‐semiconductor (MIS) photodetectors based on van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs), fabricated by rationally stacking different layers without the limit of lattice‐match, have attracted broad interest due to their wide wavelength monitoring range, high responsivity, high detectivity, and fast response. Here, for the first time, the control of barrier height in vdWHs MIS photodetectors is systematically investigated. Optimizing semiconducting and insulating layers enables lowering the hole barrier height to achieve a high performance of the device. Graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN)/SnS2 device shows the best photodetection performance compared to the other common 2D semiconductors. The lowest barrier height ensures that the photo‐induced holes transfer efficiently to the graphene electrode and the dark current is highly suppressed by the h‐BN layers. Consequently, the graphene/h‐BN/SnS2 MIS photodetectors have a high photoresponsivity of 2 A W−1, a high detectivity of 1013 Jones, and a photocurrent/dark current ratio of 5.2 × 105 at a low applied bias of −0.6 V. The highest detectivity reaches 9.6 × 1013 Jones which is 100–1000 times greater than previously reported vdWHs MIS photodetectors.
Substituent‐Controlled Divergent Cascade Cycloaddition Reactions of Chalcones and Arylalkynols: Access to Spiroketals and Oxa‐Bridged Fused Heterocycles
Authors: Zeng Tianlong , Kong Jingyang , Wang Hongkai , Liu Lingyan , Chang Weixing , Li Jing
Published: June 2021

Herein, we report substituent‐controlled divergent cascade cycloaddition reactions of chalcones and arylalkynols in the presence of PtI2. Depending on the substituent on the chalcone, either spiroketals or oxa‐bridged fused heterocycles could be obtained in the ranges of 86–97% and 87–95% yields under identical reaction conditions. Control experiments were carried out to elucidate the origin of the high chemoselectivity. These provide a method for the synthesis of a diverse array of structurally complex oxygen‐containing heterocycles.

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Radical Cascade Bicyclization/Aromatization of 1,7‐Enynes with 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds towards 2,3‐Dihydro‐1H‐cyclopenta[a]naphthalenes
Authors: Cai Tao , Zhang Zhebing , Li Peiqin , Sun Tao , Chen Xinyu , Ni Yuqi , Chen Jianhui , Xu Huiting , Xu Yanfei , Wu Chunlei , Shen Runpu , Gao Yuzhen
Published: June 2021

An Ag‐catalyzed radical cascade bicyclization/aromatization of C‐linked 1,7‐enynes with 1,3‐dicarbonyls has been achieved, providing a step‐ and atom‐economy approach for the construction of 2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐cyclopenta[a]naphthalenes, an important structural scaffold existed in biologically active compounds. From this transformation, structurally diverse 2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐cyclopenta[a]naphthalenes were obtained in moderate to good yields with high regioselectivity. Moreover, the further product derivatizations were also exemplified.

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Which impeller should be chosen for efficient solid–liquid mixing in the laminar and transitional regime?
Authors: Delacroix Bastien , Fradette Louis , Bertrand François , Blais Bruno
Published: June 2021

The vast majority of solid–liquid mixing studies have focused on high Reynolds number applications with configurations and impeller geometries adapted to this type of regime. However, the mixing of particles in a viscous fluid is an essential element of many contemporary industries. We used the computational fluid dynamics‐discrete element method model previously developed in our group to investigate solid–liquid mixing with close‐clearance impellers in the laminar regime of operation. We compared different geometries, that is, the double helical ribbon, anchor, Paravisc™, and Maxblend™ impellers. We investigated the impact of fluid viscosity and compared the results with those obtained with the pitched blade turbine, a more commonly used impeller, based on power consumption for equivalent mixing states. This study highlights that the higher the viscosity of the fluid, the more interesting it is to use close‐clearance impellers for their ability to generate a strong shear stress and a strong bulk flow in the entire vessel.
Fruit evolution in Hydrophyllaceae
Authors: Vasile Maria‐Anna , Luebert Federico , Jeiter Julius , Weigend Maximilian
Published: June 2021

Premise

Fruit type and morphology are tightly connected with angiosperm diversification. In Boraginales, the first‐branching families, including Hydrophyllaceae, have one‐ to many‐seeded capsules, whereas most of the remaining families have four‐seeded indehiscent fruits. This fact argues for many‐seeded capsules as the ancestral condition. However, little is known about the evolution of fruit dehiscence and seed number. The present study investigated the gynoecium and fruit development and morphology and the evolution of seed‐numbers in Hydrophyllaceae.

Methods

Gynoecium and fruit development and morphology were studied using scanning electron microscopy and x‐ray microcomputed tomography. Ancestral character state reconstruction of seed number was performed using a broadly sampled phylogeny of Boraginales (ndhF and ITS) with an emphasis on Hydrophyllaceae.

Results

Our ontogenetic studies not only demonstrate parallel developmental trajectories across Hydrophyllaceae, but also a striking diversity regarding the internal organization of the gynoecium. Ovule number appears to determine ovary structure. Many‐seeded capsules are retrieved as the ancestral state of Hydrophyllaceae. At least seven transitions to fruits with (one to) four seeds and four reversals (i.e., from four‐ to many‐seeded fruits) were reconstructed in Hydrophyllaceae.

Conclusions

Several shifts in seed number from “many” to “four” and back to “many” have taken place in capsular‐fruited Hydrophyllaceae, a strikingly high number considering that seed number is virtually conserved across the rest of the order. The groups with a conserved seed number of four are characterized by indehiscent schizocarps or drupes and by seeds that are integrated into mericarps. This functional integration probably acts as an evolutionary constraint to shifts in seed number.