bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rana pismenost - vrijednost procjene
Authors: Lenček Mirjana , Užarević Martina
Published: November 2018

Istraživanja rane pismenosti različito određuju doprinos fonološke svjesnosti, poznavanja slova, koncepta o tisku, govornog jezika, rječnika, narativnih sposobnosti, rukopisnih vještina i drugih predviđatelja za kasniji uspjeh u čitanju, pisanju, ali i akademskom napredovanju u cjelini. U Hrvatskoj nema sustavnijih istraživanja i praćenja razvoja ovih pokazatelja kao niti točno defi niranih kurikuluma predškolskog odgoja i obrazovanja koji bi osigurali poučavanje znanjima neophodnima za kasniju formalnu pismenost. Pilot ispitivanjem trogodišnje i četverogodišnje djece (koja pohađaju vrtićke programe) uporabom materijala koji je sadržavao Upitnik za procjenu rane pismenosti i podtestove PredČip testa Fonološka svjesnost i Imenovanje slova, prikupljeni su podaci o razini rane pismenosti ispitane djece. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da, sukladno očekivanjima, djeca starije kronološke dobi imaju više znanja o konceptu tiska, uspješnija su na zadacima fonološke svjesnosti i imenovanja slova te imaju bolje grafomotoričke vještine. Nisu pronađene statistički značajne razlike između trogodišnjaka i četverogodišnjaku na skupnoj varijabli Izranjajuće čitanje i pisanje, a koja se temelji na prepoznavanju obilježja pisane riječi i predvještinama pisanja. Postignuća ispitane djece uspoređena su i s očekivanim rezultatima i normama unutar drugih jezika i pisama kako bi se potakla nastojanja za promišljanjem kriterija i načina poučavanja rane pismenosti. Istraživanje pokazuje da ispitani segmenti rane pismenosti – koncept o tisku, izranjajuća pismenost, precrtavanje, fonološka svjesnost i imenovanje slova mogu biti osnova za prepoznavanje djece rizične za nastanak teškoća u čitanju i pisanju i djece s disleksijom. Rezultati pojedinaca prikupljeni prema navedenim segmentima rane pismenosti mogu, u slučajevima niskih postignuća ili odstupanja, biti osnova za izradu intervencijskih programa, a za što su potrebne i kvalitativne analize rezultata. Kvalitativna analiza rezultata prema dobnoj pripadnosti pokazala je da slijed težina, odnosno uspješnosti u rješavanju zadataka nije posve jednak kod trogodišnjaka u odnosu na četverogodišnjake. To upućuje na mogućnost da postoji dobno neujednačeni razvoj ispitanih vještina bilo iz razloga drugačijih uvjeta sazrijevanja ili značajnijeg udjela poučavanja za neku određenu vještinu. Veći uzorak ispitanika i provjerene mjerne karakteristike materijala mogle bi osigurati bolji uvid u ranu pismenost.
Utjecaj fonta na čitanje osoba s disleksijom
Authors: Čagalj Matija , Usorac Mateja , Šimir Ana , Perić Tina , Krilčić Paula
Published: November 2018

Čitanje je složena vještina koja se odvija specifičnim pokretima očiju - izmjenjivanjem fiksacija i sakada. Fiksacije se odnose na zadržavanje pogleda na točkama unutar teksta, a sakade su skokoviti pokreti između tih točaka. Omjer trajanja fiksacija i sakada daje informaciju o učinkovitosti, odnosno tečnosti čitanja. Kod osoba s disleksijom čitanje može biti otežano zbog više razloga, a teorija o vizualnim smetnjama pretpostavlja da utjecaj mogu imati određene karakteristike fontova. Ovim istraživanjem ispitano je postoji li doista utjecaj fonta na vještinu čitanja. Eye-tracking uređajem ispitani su brzina čitanja, broj fiksacija i broj regresijskih sakada, mjereni tijekom čitanja triju tekstova napisanih različitim fontovima (Times New Roman, Arial Italics i Dyslexie). Tekstovi su bili sadržajno različiti, ali maksimalno ujednačeni po općoj tematici, duljini i složenosti. Kako bi se izbjeglo letimično čitanje, ispitanici su na kraju čitanja ispunjavali kratki upitnik o sadržaju tekstova. Osim objektivnih mjera, za varijablu je uzeta i ispitanikova subjektivna ocjena fonta, odnosno procjena lakoće čitanja pojedinog fonta. Uzorak je činilo 8 osoba s disleksijom odrasle dobi. Efekt fonta ispitan je neparametrijskim Friedmanovim testom, a rezultati subjektivnog ocjenjivanja fonta analizirani su deskriptivno. Statistička analiza dobivenih podataka pokazala je kako na ispitanim mjerama nema značajnih razlika u čitanju između triju fontova. S obzirom na dobivene rezultate, zaključeno je da vrsta fonta nema značajan utjecaj na čitanje kod odraslih osoba s disleksijom.
Jezične sposobnosti djece koja mucaju
Authors: Kutnjak Natalija , Mance Lucija , Leko Krhen Ana
Published: November 2018

Mucanje je multidimenzionalni poremećaj na čiji razvoj utječu brojni čimbenici – genetika, okolinski uvjeti, osobnost, emocionalni razvoj, govorno-motoričke sposobnosti, tako i različiti stupnjevi poteškoća u jezičnoj obradi. Ideja o povezanosti mucanja i jezika potiče mnoga istraživanja dugi niz godina – zbog preklapanja vremena najčešćeg započinjanja mucanja s razdobljem intenzivnog jezičnog razvoja, utjecaja jezičnih čimbenika (npr. položaj riječi u rečenici, složenost rečenice) na pojavu netečnosti te uočenog kašnjenja u usvajanju jezika kod neke djece koja mucaju. Rezultati istraživanja jezičnih sposobnosti djece koja mucaju nisu jednoznačni. Neka su istraživanja pokazala da su jezične sposobnosti kod djece koja mucaju slabije, a u nekim nisu nađene razlike između djece koja mucaju i njihovih tečnih vršnjaka. Spoznaje o jezičnim osobitostima djece koja mucaju omogućuju bolji uvid u multidimenzionalnost mucanja i čimbenike koji ga uzrokuju, što je osobito značajno za znanstvene i terapijske svrhe. Cilj je ovog rada objasniti povezanost mucanja i jezika te dati pregled najvažnijih istraživanja jezičnih sposobnosti djece koja mucaju prema određenim jezičnim sastavnicama (fonologija, morfosintaksa, semantika).
“Saya Takut Tidak Bisa Jadi Guru yang Baik”: Refleksi Kecemasan Mengajar Mahasiswa Calon Guru
Authors: Nurfaidah Sitti
Published: November 2018

This case study aims to examine and discuss preservice teachers’ anxiety in facing real classrooms during their field teaching program. This study was exploratory and interpretive in nature. Data were collected from ten student teachers’ reflective teaching journal and in-depth interview. The participants were assigned to teach Islamic Religious subject at one of high schools at Kota Kendari. Results of the study indicate that the participants’ anxiety was overwhelmed at their first day at the school. Their nervousness, however, was gradually reduced as the program went on when they were involved in school observation and administrative tasks at the first two weeks. Upon teaching the real classroom for the first time, they were filled with more apprehension; the fear of not being able to deliver material well and not being able to be a good teacher were amongst their worries. This preliminary study implies the need for further and comprehensive empirical study on psychological factors the student teachers might encounter during their field teaching program and how this concern is accommodated by the teacher education program.
One-Room School: The Summer Institute in Program Evaluation
Authors: Mignone Javier , Hinds Aynslie , Duncan Karen A. , Migliardi Paula , Krawchuk Marianne , Kinasevych Bohdanna
Published: November 2018

Abstract: This article describes the Summer Institute in Program Evaluation conceived and organized in partnership by University of Manitoba faculty members, four partnering organizations in the health and social-service sector, and a university student group. It explains the model of learning, which involves the development of real-life evaluation plans in a week-long intensive course that includes university students and community participants. The article concludes by detailing a series of lessons learned.
Readiness in Evaluation: Three Prompts for Evaluators
Authors: Ramírez Ricardo , Brodhead Dal , Quarry Wendy
Published: November 2018

Abstract: The notion of readiness in evaluation is often tacit: it can be hidden in the Request for Proposals by a granting agency calling for an evaluation; or, at best, it is hinted at in the winning consultant’s bid. We are practitioners committed to learning-oriented, practical evaluations. However, we have found that the extent to which the client is ready for a collaborative, utilization-focused evaluation (UFE) that enhances organizational learning is often taken for granted. We have learned to address “readiness” early on, as it is a lynchpin that shapes every subsequent step of the process. We bring attention to the examples from our practice to highlight three dimensions of readiness: the power to design, the commitment to learn, and building an evaluation culture.
Anabolici u proizvodnji mesa
Authors: Pleadin Jelka , Bogdanović Tanja
Published: November 2018

Anabolici stimuliraju rast tkiva svojim utjecajem na metaboličke procese uključene u sintezu proteina i razgradnju masti te se njihovom uporabom u stočarskoj proizvodnji ostvaruju značajniji prinosi i prihvatljivija senzorska svojstva svježeg mesa. Međutim, ove tvari se kumuliraju i perzistiraju u jestivim tkivima, a budući da je za brojne iz ove skupine dokazana i toksičnost, Europska komisija zabranila je uporabu svih tvari sa anaboličkim djelovanjem, odnosno dozvoljena je primjena samo pojedinih tvari isključivo u terapeutske svrhe. Među njima, prirodni hormoni su ujedno i fiziološki prisutni u biološkim tekućinama i tkivima farmskih životinja, što otežava procjenu moguće anaboličke primjene odnosno prosudbe o zlouporabi ovih tvari. Zbog nedostatnosti podataka o fiziološkim razinama prirodnih hormona i njihovih metabolita u različitih životinjskih vrsta, potrebno je provoditi daljnja istraživanja u poveznici sa brojnim čimbenicima utjecaja na razine ovih hormona. S obzirom na stalni razvoj novih sintetskih tvari i moguću zlouporabu tzv. „koktela“ s niskim udjelima aktivnih tvari iz ove skupine, potreban je kontinuirani nadzor njihove primjene tijekom tova životinja i na klaonici, s konačnim ciljem proizvodnje zdravstveno ispravne hrane životinjskog podrijetla i zaštite zdravlja potrošača.
Kakvoća paštete od janjetine
Authors: Barbić Fabijan , Pleadin Jelka
Published: November 2018

Pašteta je mesni proizvod različitog sirovinskog sastava o kojem ovisi njegova nutritivna i prehrambena vrijednosti koji se koristi u svakodnevnoj prehrani diljem svijeta. Cilj ovoga rada bio je utvrditi kakvoću paštete od janjećeg mesa senzorskim ocjenjivanjem te određivanjem osnovnog kemijskog i masnokiselinskog sastava gotovih proizvoda. Svi parametri senzoričke pretrage janjeće paštete ocijenjeni su sa zadovoljavajućim ocjenama, te je proizvod u konačnici dobio 17.20 od mogućih 19.00 bodova. Količina vode u proizvodu kretala se od 55.10% do 57.41%, količina masti od 26.39% do 28.03%, bjelančevina od 12.26% do 13.34%, pepela od 2.02% do 2.14%, te količina soli (NaCl) od 2.22% do 3.04%. Analizom sastava masnih kiselina u janjećoj pašteti utvrđena je ukupna količina zasićenih (SFA) masnih kiselina od 54.05 % te 42.58 % mononezasićenih (MUFA) i 3.37 % polinezasićenih (PUFA) masnih kiselina.
Utjecaj različitih vrsta soli na proizvodni kalo i fizikalno-kemijska svojstva Slavonske šunke
Authors: Kovačević Dragan , Kušurin Iva
Published: November 2018

Cilj rada je bio istražiti utjecaj različitih vrsta soli (sitne kamene i krupne morske) na proizvodni kalo i fizikalno-kemijska svojstva (masene udjele vode, masti, proteina, soli te pH vrijednost i aw) Slavonske šunke tijekom 238 dana proizvodnje. Tijekom tradicionalnog postupka proizvodnje, kontinuirano je svakih 7 dana praćen proizvodni kalo, dok su fizikalno-kemijska svojstva određena na početku proizvodnje (1. dan), na kraju procesa soljenja (28. dan) te na kraju proizvodnje (238. dan). U prvih 7 dana soljenja veći proizvodni kalo od 2,46% imali su uzorci soljeni sitnom kamenom soli, dok su na kraju faze soljenja (28. dan) veći proizvodni kalo od 5,56% imali uzorci soljeni s krupnom morskom soli. U daljnjim proizvodnim fazama (dimljenje, sušenje i zrenje) proizvodni kalo rezultat je procesa dehidratacije i više nije funkcija različitih vrsta soli. Na kraju proizvodnog procesa proizvodni kalo uzoraka Slavonske šunke soljene krupnom morskom soli iznosio je 37,41% što je statistički značajno više (p < 0,05) u odnosu na 36,32% kod uzoraka soljenih sitnom kamenom soli. Maseni udjeli vode i aw uzoraka šunki soljenih s obje vrste soli smanjivali su se tijekom cijelog proizvodnog procesa (p < 0,05), dok su se maseni udjeli bjelančevina, masti i pepela povećavali. Rezultati potvrđuju i statistički značajnu razliku (p < 0,05) u aw, masenim udjelima bjelančevina, masti pepela i vode s obzirom na vrstu soli.
Transfer of 40K and 137Cs from diet into meat of ruminants: analogy or not?
Authors: Gradašević Nedzad , Katica Muhamed
Published: November 2018

The study of transfer coefficients and concentration ratios of 40K and 137Cs was performed in order to investigate the bioavailability and potential analogy relationships of observed radionuclides in the chain of animal production of ruminants.
Sampling of material was performed at small individual farms situated inside the three regional livestock areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Transfer coefficients and concentration ratios of 40K and 137Cs were calculated for beef and sheep meat. Obtained results were in accordance with literature data with average transfer coefficient values for 40K and 137Cs in beef of 0.017 and 0.058 d kg-1, respectively; whilst the same values for the sheep meat were higher (0.104 and 0.341). Average values for concentration ratios of 40K and 137Cs were equilibrated between the species (beef: 0.125 and 0.418; sheep meat: 0.136 and 0.443).
Obtained results indicated on the hidden analogy between observed radionuclides, covered by the homeostatic control of potassium in ruminants. The study confirmed the use of potasssium compounds for reduction of radiocesium contamination in ruminants.
Kemijski sastav i pojavnost mikotoksina u tradicionalnim mesnim proizvodima podrijetlom s domaćinstava Bosne i Hercegovine
Authors: Pleadin Jelka , Vasilj Višnja
Published: November 2018

Cilj rada bio je ispitati kemijski sastav i pojavnost mikotoksina u tradicionalnim mesnim proizvodima (TMP) podrijetlom s domaćinstava Bosne i Hercegovine. U razdoblju od 2015. do 2016., ukupno je uzorkovano 55 tradicionalnih mesnih proizvoda, od toga 25 kobasica proizvedenih od svinjskog mesa, 15 kobasica proizvedenih od mješavine svinjskog i goveđeg mesa, 7 uzoraka pancete i 8 uzoraka pršuta. Osnovni kemijski i masno-kiselinski sastav određen je primjenom ISO metoda, dok su razine aflatoksina B1 (AFB1) i okratoksina A (OTA) određene primjenom imunoenzimskih ELISA metoda. Rezultati su pokazali varijacije u vrijednostima kemijskih parametara između TMP-a, s značajno većim (p < 0,05) udjelom stearinske kiseline, te manjim udjelom linolne kiseline u kobasicama proizvedenim od mješavine svinjskog i goveđeg mesa, u odnosu na TMP proizvedene u cijelosti od svinjetine. OTA je određen u 7 uzoraka različitih vrste proizvoda s najvećom koncentracijom od 6,20 µg/kg, dok je AFB1 određen samo u jednoj kobasici od svinjskog mesa s koncentracijom neznatno većom od limita kvantifikacije metode (1,91 µg/kg). Utvrđena kontaminacija TMP-a mikotoksinima, posebno sa OTA, pokazuje da bi u cilju sprječavanja kontaminacije meso i mesni proizvodi iz domaćinstava trebali biti proizvedeni pod standardiziranim i dobro kontroliranim uvjetima
Utjecaj vizualne orijentacije
skale za odgovaranje i broja stranica web-upitnika na rezultate ispitivanja
Authors: Maliković Marko , Švegar Domagoj , Šomođi Stjepan
Published: November 2018

Web-ispitivanja kod kojih se podaci od ispitanika prikupljaju web-upitnikom danas postaju sve popularnija. No sve više ljudi za pristup internetu koristi zaslone raznih formata, pametne telefone, tablete itd., pa su posebno važne mogućnosti raznih prikaza web-upitnika, odnosno fleksibilnost u njihovu dizajniranju. S druge strane, dizajn web-upitnika može utjecati na podatke prikupljene tim ispitivanjem. Dosadašnja istraživanja o utjecaju vizualne orijentacije skale za odgovore i broja stranica web-upitnika na rezultate daju dosta nejasne, a ponekad i oprečne nalaze. Osim toga, postoji premali broj istraživanja koja se bave ovakvim pitanjima. U članku je opisano istraživanje koje se bavi utjecajem navedenih osobina web-upitnika na rezultate ispitivanja na uzorku od 207 studentica i studenata Filozofskog fakulteta u Rijeci. Cilj istraživanja bio je provjeriti utječu li vizualna orijentacija skale za odgovaranje i broj stranica web-upitnika na rezultate ispitivanja. U kontekstu ovog istraživanja pod
rezultatima ispitivanja misli se posebno na vrijeme potrebno za ispunjavanje web-upitnika i posebno na sadržaj odgovora. Primijenjen je web-upitnik sa skalom stavova o računalima i sa skalom stavova o internetu. Korištene su tri inačice web-upitnika. U prvoj je korišten straničeni dizajn, u drugoj vertikalni klizaći, a u trećoj horizontalni klizaći dizajn. Kruskal-Wallisovom analizom ustanovljeno je da nema značajnih razlika u brzini rješavanja web-upitnika među skupinama ispitanika sa straničenim dizajnom, vertikalnim klizaćim i horizontalnim
klizaćim dizajnom. Također, analizom varijance nije ustanovljena značajna razlika u sadržaju odgovora među tim skupinama. Možemo zaključiti da dizajn web-upitnika u smislu broja stranica i vizualne orijentacije skale za odgovaranje nije utjecao na rezultate ispitivanja.
Inovativne tehnologije u
vozilu u funkciji sigurnosti pješačkog prometa
Authors: Balukčić Marina , Grakalić Ivan
Published: November 2018

Ugroženost pješaka očituje se činjenicom kako upravo oni zauzimaju drugo
mjesto po smrtnosti u prometu. U nastojanju da se brojke smrtnosti na cestama smanje, intervenirale su nacionalne vlasti i Europska komisija svojim programima i mjerama zaštite i sigurnosti u prometu. Njima je, osim infrastrukture i samog čovjeka (vozača), obuhvaćena i automobilska industrija od koje se također očekuje doprinos u smislu većeg stupnja sigurnosti prometa pa tako i njenih sudionika. Sukladno tome, danas smo svjedoci raznih automobilskih inovacija kojima je fokus pješak, zajedno sa svim okolnostima u kojima on može biti ugrožen u prometu. Nalet vozila na pješaka jedna je od najčešćih prometnih nesreća koja u većini slučajeva rezultira smrtonosnim ishodom. U nastojanju da se prometne nesreće s pješacima smanje, brojne automobilske tvrtke pokrenule su izradu aktivnih i pasivnih sustava koji će uvelike pomoći pravovremenom reagiranju vozača ili smanjiti težinu ozljeda kod pješaka uslijed naleta. Aktivni sustavi temelje se uglavnom na nekoj vrsti radarske tehnologije čiji je zadatak prepoznati pješaka koji se nalazi u zoni naleta vozila te vozača na vrijeme o tome obavijestiti ili preuzeti kontrolu nad brzinom i putanjom vozila i izbjeći udar. Pasivni sustavi nastoje smanjiti posljedice primarnog i sekundarnog udara pješaka u vozilo, odnosno o tlo.
Analysis of an indoor positioning systems
Authors: Keluža Marin , Beg Kristina , Vukelić Bernard
Published: November 2018

Recently, due to advances in the development of various technologies which can be used for locating, it is possible to develop systems which include software solutions for the user locationing and guidance in the interior, closed or covered areas where the existing location technologies and systems for locating and guidance applicable at open, outdoor areas cannot be used.

This paper analyses the available hardware, software and network technologies which can be used for creating a positioning system for interior, closed or covered area. The paper analyses technologies which can be used in such distributed systems for the implementation of functionalities that are needed or required in the Indoor Positioning System (IPS).

The paper describes the concept of the IPS system. It presents the IPS systems available on the market. It shows the technologies that can be used to implement the IPS system and the analyses of categories which affect the IPS system implementation. The paper demonstrates that none of the technologies analysed meet all of the observed categories while the BLE technology achieves the most favourable results in individual categories.
Pilomatrixoma quístico con verruga vulgar intraquística: reporte de un caso
Authors: Del Puerto Constanza , Gonzalez-Bomarbiere Sergio , Hasbún-Zegpi Catalina
Published: November 2018

El pilomatrixoma es una neoplasia anexial benigna frecuente en la infancia, que se presenta como pápula o nódulo subcutáneo, de crecimiento lento, asintomático. El diagnóstico es clínico, y la ecografía es una herramienta útil. El tratamiento definitivo es la resección quirúrgica de la lesión. Se presenta el caso de un pilomatrixoma con verruga vulgar intraquística en un paciente adulto.
Manejo Quirúrgico de Pacientes Adultos con Anomalías Vasculares: Serie de Casos
Authors: Danilla Stefan , Dominguez-Contreras Carlos , Valenzuela Diego , Cisternas-Vera Juan Pablo , Erazo-Cortes Cristian , Gac-Espinoza Patricio , Vargas-Hudson Patricio , Andrades Patricio , Sepulveda Sergio
Published: November 2018

IntroducciónLas anomalías vasculares son un grupo heterogéneo de patologías, que considera tanto tumores como malformaciones vasculares. Habitualmente de diagnostico y menejo durante la infancia, algunas lesiones persisten hasta la edad adulta. El tratamiento habitual considera terapias poco invasivas, siendo la alternativa resecctiva un opcion infrecuenteObjetivoEl objetivo de este estudio es presentar el manejo quirúrgico de pacientes portadores de anomalías vasculares realizado por el equipo de Cirugía Plástica y Reconstructiva del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile.Material y MétodosSerie de casos retrospectiva de pacientes con diagnóstico de anomalias vasculares, sometidos a  manejo quirúrgico por el equipo de Cirugía Plástica y Reconstructiva del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. Se incluyó todos los pacientes adultos con diagnostico de anomalías vasculares intervenidos entre los años 2010 – 2016. Se realizó una revisión del historial clínico de cada paciente elaborando un análisis descriptivo.ResultadosSerie de 9 pacientes, 6 (66,6%) de sexo femenino, con edad promedio de 34,88±15,70 años. De los cuales  5(55,56%) presentaron malformaciones vasculares y 3(33,33%) tumores vasculares. Se observo compromiso de cabeza en 6(66,67%) casosy 2(22,22,%) genital. Se utilizo colgajos locales de avance en 6 (66,66%) y colgajos de transposición en 2(22,22%) casos.ConclusionesEl manejo quirurgico es una alternativa terapeutica segura que ofrece resultados buens a la lesiones complejas. Y por tanto creemos es necesario un trabajo multidisciplinario entre pediatras, dermatólogos, radiólogos y cirujanos para poder ofrecer mejores resultados a nuestros pacientes.
La archivística en la documentación histórica del diseño gráfico
Authors: Vilchis Esquivel Luz del Carmen
Published: November 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo es sustentar la importancia de preservar la rica diversidad de resultados de la investigación de la historia de lo diseñado como documentos de archivo vinculados con acciones como clasificar, valorar, describir y gestionar generando así las bases fundamentales para considerar a la archivística como uno de los grandes nexos interdisciplinarios del diseño. La sistematización de documentos, además de una taxonomía de medios llevada a cabo con base en los códigos, géneros y discursos de lo diseñado, incluye la clasificación en sus dos denominaciones archivísticas: el cuadro de clasificación de fondo y el cuadro de clasificación del archivo o cuadro de fondos. Metodológicamente se procede con las bases de administración de archivos digitales, cuyos procesos han sido compilados y organizados bajo estrategias para instrumentar y administrar este tipo de compilaciones que garantizan la autenticidad, fiabilidad, integridad y usabilidad de los resultados.
Diego de Guadalajara y la física newtoniana en la construcción de relojes novohispanos del siglo XVIII
Authors: Espinosa Sánchez Juan Manuel
Published: November 2018

Este trabajo está enfocado al estudio de la física newtoniana en la Nueva España del siglo XVIII. Explicaremos el periódico de Diego de Guadalajara llamado Advertencias y Reflexiones varias conducentes al buen uso de los Reloxes grandes y pequeños y su regulación; asimismo sus Instrumentos con método, para su mejor conservación, editado en la ciudad de México en la imprenta de Felipe de Zúñiga y Ontiveros en 1777, que trata sobre la aplicación de las leyes de la mecánica newtoniana en la fabricación de relojes mecánicos. De manera paralela se escribió una semblanza biográfica del personaje para mostrar sus conocimientos en la reparación y construcción de instrumentos científicos, relacionados con la astronomía observacional.
El general José Rentería Luviano y el inicio de la rebelión delahuertista en el estado de Michoacán (1923-1924)
Authors: Sánchez Amaro Luis
Published: November 2018

Se analiza el papel desempeñado por el general José Rentería Luviano en la organización de la rebelión delahuertista en Michoacán, las motivaciones que lo llevaron a sublevarse, los apoyos que recibió de los grupos conservadores de la entidad, así como los principales acontecimientos que se desarrollaron al inicio del movimiento rebelde en Michoacán. Se destaca el enfrentamiento armado entre las fuerzas de Rentería y las del coronel Rafael Márquez, inspector de policía de Morelia, ocurrido en diciembre de 1923, en la serranía sur de la capital del estado. Este evento es importante ya que pude considerarse como la primera acción militar de la rebelión encabezada por Rentería en contra de las fuerzas gobiernistas.
La insalubridad en la ciudad de México durante 1899. Breve panorama dibujado por El Hijo del Ahuizote
Authors: Ramos Bautista Gretel
Published: November 2018

El artículo ofrece una imagen crítica del gobierno porfirista, proyectada por los caricaturistas del semanario El Hijo del Ahuizote en la coyuntura de la quinta reelección presidencial de Porfirio Díaz; centra su atención en la denuncia que hace el periódico de las políticas de salud y saneamiento de la ciudad de México, y en cómo se apoya en ellas para desacreditar al régimen en su conjunto; analiza la relación que establece el semanario entre insalubridad, enfermedades epidémicas y mal gobierno, y cómo sus satíricos dibujos forman parte de su campaña en contra de la reelección presidencial.
Educación y desarrollo humano. Escribir la lectura
Authors: Obando Ibarra Arturo
Published: November 2018

Este escrito intenta acercarse a un ensayo, partiendo a modo de tesis de la gran paradoja nacional: la desastrosa y esperanzadora (a la vez) situación de violencia y descomposición social que vive el país. Desastrosa puesto que al unísono con Jorge Regueros Peralta “Podemos decir que los últimos veinte años han sido para este país, los del despeñadero total y los de la descomposición” (Bautista, 2002, p. 223); teniendo en cuenta que la cita data de 2002 es posible afirmar que en los últimos 30 años la situación social, política, económica, ambiental, ética y en general de desarrollo humano de Colombia sigue siendo la misma, con tendencia a empeorar.
Importancia del seguimiento a los graduados para las instituciones de educación superior. Elementos conceptuales
Authors: Villacrez Oliva María Victoria
Published: November 2018

En este artículo se destaca conceptualmente la importancia del seguimiento a los graduados para las instituciones de educación superior, como estrategia de evaluación y retroalimentación. Mediante estos estudios se conoce información relevante de los graduados, la cual puede conducir a formular políticas de mejoramiento o direccionamiento institucional que orientarán los procesos de acreditación. El seguimiento ha de cumplir una función de autoconocimiento de la institución para realizar acciones de mejoramiento de la calidad académica para la formación de nuevos profesionales.
Reflexión teórica de la adicción a internet en adolescentes
Authors: Velásquez Rosero Mario Fernando
Published: November 2018

Introducción: La adicción es un tema, no solo de bases bioquímicas, hoy en día la tendencia es también hacia las nuevas tecnologías y conocer de manera cronológica las diferentes publicaciones al respecto es una manera de conocer más de cerca este fenómeno llamado adicción a internet en adolescentes. Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura indexada, publicada entre los años 2006 y 2015 en revistas de prestigio internacional de países como: Perú, Colombia, Argentina, España, Bolivia, México, Uruguay, Chile y Brasil, todas ellas, encontradas en la base de datos de LILACS en español; se utilizó descriptores, como: abuso de internet, adicción a internet, jóvenes e internet, jóvenes y redes sociales. Asimismo, se realizó una matriz de triangulación de información, donde se organizó los datos más importantes de cada artículo en su respectivo año, hasta llegar a la elaboración reflexiva del cuerpo de este artículo.
La factibilidad de la Licenciatura en Literatura en el departamento de Nariño
Authors: Uscátegui Narváez Alexis , Delgado Montero Francisco
Published: November 2018

El presente artículo tiene como objeto mostrar la factibilidad de crear una Licenciatura en Literatura, la cual se pretende ofertar desde la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Mariana. Dicho programa de estudio, procura responder con las necesidades actuales de formación de docentes para los diferentes niveles de educación de básica primaria, secundaria y media, con el fin de garantizar una formación literaria de alta calidad que garantice la solución de aquellas dificultades que afectan el desarrollo del pensamiento humanístico y crítico literario en los escolares del departamento de Nariño.
Characterization of thoracal fat depots – expression of adipokines and remodeling factors and impact of adipocyte conditioned media in fibroblast scratch assays
Authors: Dittfeld C. , Bienger K. , Andres J. , Plötze K. , Jannasch A. , Waldow T. , Tugtekin S.M. , Matschke K.
Published: November 2018

Adipose tissue is not only a connective tissue but also an endocrine organ secreting adipokines like Leptin and Adiponectin, lipokines such as palmitoileic acid and extracellular vesicles. These factors and the expression of matrix remodeling enzymes impact surrounding tissues via paracrine effects. The expression of selected secretion factors and the effect of adipocyte conditioned media from four thoracal adipose tissue origins - subcutaneous, perivascular, pericardial and epicardial adipose tissues – in a fibroblast proliferation/wound healing scratch assay model were investigated. Results were compared directly and according to the type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) status of the patients the tissues are originated from. Adipocyte conditioned media from non-diabetic patients resulted in a significant higher scratch closure rate compared to the media with T2DM background. Linoleic acid incubation in scratch assay resulted in a reduced scratch closure rate. Leptin, Adiponectin and Visfatin/Nampt expression and MMP2, MMP9 and FSTL1 mRNA levels did not vary according to T2DM subgroups directly, leading to the assumption that these factors are not causal for scratch assay effects observed. In contrast significant mRNA expression differences were monitored between the thoracal tissue origins implying variations in the local effects of the different adipose tissue depots.
Gender and Educational Differences in the Association between Lifestyle and Cognitive Decline over 10 Years: The Doetinchem Cohort Study
Authors: Deckers Kay , Nooyens Astrid , van Boxtel Martin , Verhey Frans , Verschuren Monique , Köhler Sebastian
Published: November 2018

Background:

Several modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline have been identified, but whether differences by gender and educational level exist is unclear.

Objective:

The present study aims to clarify this by prospectively investigating the relationship between health and lifestyle factors and cognitive functioning in different subgroups defined by gender and educational level.

Methods:

2,347 cognitive healthy individuals (mean age = 54.8, SD = 6.8, range: 41–71; 51.8% female; 26.2% low education) from the Doetinchem Cohort Study were examined for cognitive function at baseline, and at 5- and 10-year follow-up. Health- and lifestyle factors were captured by a poly-environmental risk score labelled ‘LIfestyle for BRAin Health’ (LIBRA). This score consists of 12 modifiable risk and protective factors for cognitive decline and dementia, with higher scores indicating greater risk (range: –2.7 to +12.7). Heterogeneity in associations between LIBRA and decline in verbal memory, cognitive flexibility, and mental speed between males and females and individuals with different levels of education were assessed in linear mixed models.

Results:

Overall, higher LIBRA scores predicted faster decline in verbal memory, cognitive flexibility, and mental speed over 10 years. Higher LIBRA scores were further associated with increased risk for incident cognitive impairment (one-point increase in LIBRA: HR = 1.09, 1.04–1.14, p = 0.001). In general, these effects were similar across gender and educational level.

Conclusion:

A composite risk score comprising unhealthy lifestyle and relatively poor health in midlife is significantly associated with a worse course of cognition 10 years later. These associations were for the most part unrelated to gender or educational differences.
Dementia Primary Prevention Policies and Strategies and Their Local Implementation: A Scoping Review Using England as a Case Study
Authors: Collins Rachel , Silarova Barbora , Clare Linda
Published: November 2018

Background:

Understanding the policy context and how policy is implemented at the local and clinical level is an important precursor to developing preventive strategies focusing on dementia risk reduction in primary healthcare settings.

Objective:

Using England as a case study, we review policies and strategies relevant to dementia prevention from the national to local level and how these are translated into primary healthcare services.

Methods:

We conducted a scoping review covering: 1) identification of national, regional, and local policies and strategies that include dementia prevention; 2) identification of national guidelines for implementing dementia prevention at the clinical level; and 3) evaluation of the implementation of these at the clinical level.

Results:

Dementia prevention is addressed in national policy, and this filters through to regional and local levels. Focus on dementia prevention is limited and variable. Reference to modifiable risk factors is associated with other non-communicable diseases, placing less emphasis on factors more dementia specific. Evidence of implementation of dementia prevention policies at the clinical level is limited and inconsistent. Available evidence suggests messages about dementia prevention may best be delivered through primary healthcare services such as the National Health Service (NHS) Health Check.

Conclusion:

The limitations identified in this review could be addressed through development of a national policy focused specifically on dementia prevention. This could provide a platform for increasing knowledge and understanding among the general population and healthcare professionals. It would be important for such a policy to cover the full range of modifiable risk factors relevant to dementia.
Distribution characteristics of calculated magnetic charges around discontinuous structures in magnetic memory testing
Authors: Li Hongmei , Zhang Fuchen , Yang Bin , Li Yong
Published: November 2018

Metal Magnetic Memory Testing (MMMT) technique has been extensively used as a qualitative method to test the position of possible damages in ferromagnetic metal structures. The magneto-mechanical effect and the leakage of magnetic field caused by the discontinuity of structure are largely regarded as two of the critical factors influencing the MMMT signals. In this paper, experiments and calculations were carried out to explore the influences of discontinuous structures on the MMMT signals. Two types of specimens fabricated with different defects were stretched by a tensile testing machine. Leakage magnetic field signals above the specimens were measured by a fluxgate-based magnetometer. Magnetic charge distributions around the discontinuous structures were calculated based on a reconstruction algorithm using the measured leakage magnetic field signals. The magnetic charge distribution patterns around two different discontinuous structures were compared and some characteristics are summarized.
Swept-frequency eddy current testing to characterize a nonmagnetic metallic plate and a nonconductive coating over it
Authors: Cheng Weiying
Published: November 2018

In the measurement of a metallic plate’s dimension by eddy current testing, the plate’s electrical conductivity is required but practically unavailable. This study investigated the application of swept-frequency eddy current testing (SFECT) to measure the thicknesses of the plate and a nonconductive coating over it, even without knowing the plate’s conductivity. Hinted by the known analytical expressions available for the calculation of the impedance of an air-cored coil above a plate, we found that the maximum phase angle of the normalized SFECT signal is relevant to the thickness of a conductive plate and the liftoff, regardless of the conductivity, and can be applied to thickness measurement. Analytical and experimental studies also showed that the conductivity of a nonmagnetic plate can be measured nondestructively by using SFECT signals in the high frequency range.
Study of thermal field on 1140 V/375 kW explosion-proof integrative motor
Authors: Chen Dezhi , Fang Liwei , Feng Zhiyu , Bai Baodong , Kwon Byung-il
Published: November 2018

This paper proposes a novel analytical approach for losses and thermal of EPIM (explosion-proof integrative motor), aiming to improve the appropriate design variable frequency speed control system and induction motor. A loss and temperature rise of IGBTs, stator, rotor, and water- cooled heat sink of 1140 V/375 kW EPIM is investigated. Based upon the interaction variable frequency speed control system and induction motor, the loss and temperature curve are obtained. Accordingly, EPIM is designed. The experimental result of temperature is used to verify the accuracy of the proposed analytical approach calculating loss and temperature of EPIM.
Influences on the electromagnetic torque and rotor force of different faults in squirrel-cage induction motors
Authors: Lombard Patrick , Fireteanu Virgiliu , Constantin Alexandru-Ionel
Published: November 2018

Based on the scalar 3D formulation and the step by step in time domain finite element solution of the electromagnetic field in a squirrel-cage induction motor, the time dependence and harmonics of the electromagnetic torque and rotor unbalanced force are computed. The results for different faulty states of motor operation are compared with those for the healthy motor.

In comparison with the healthy state, when the imposed speed motion model for loaded motor operation is considered, only the broken bar fault has a consistent influence on the mean value of the motor torque. Important influences on the mean values of the rotor unbalanced force are in decreased order the broken bar fault, the rotor eccentricity fault and the stator short-circuit fault. All the three faults generate specific harmonics of the motor torque and of the rotor force.
Study of transformer magnetic field considering different temperature and DC bias of electrical steel sheet
Authors: Chen Dezhi , Feng Zhiyu , Bai Baodong , Kwon Byung-il
Published: November 2018

Power transformer iron core is mainly composed of electrical sheet steel, which is easily affected by temperature, harmonic, and DC bias. So it is necessary to measure the magnetic properties of electrical sheet steel under different temperature, and DC bias. This paper presents the experiment measurement system for the 27ZH100 electrical steel sheet under different temperature and DC bias, and the magnetic field, and current in the transformer core considering the different temperature and DC bias of electrical steel sheet. Experiment are supplied to obtain the B-H curves under different temperature and DC bias, which are required for the accurate FEM (Finite element method) simulation setup. Finally, the simulation and experiment results of a transformer are verified by the experimental results under the different temperature and DC bias.
Proposal of a TEM to TE01 mode converter for a microwave nondestructive inspection of axial flaws appearing on the inner surface of a pipe with an arbitrary diameter
Authors: Katagiri Takuya , Sasaki Kota , Song Haicheng , Yusa Noritaka , Hashizume Hidetoshi
Published: November 2018

This study discusses the characteristics of a mode converter to generate microwaves in the TE01 mode for the long-range inspection of pipes. Numerical analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of the pipe diameter and the number of coaxial cables inserted into the pipe on the efficiency of converting microwaves from the coaxial TEM mode to the circular TE01 mode. The results reveal that the most efficient frequency range for TE01 mode propagation strongly depends on the number of cables and pipe diameter. Subsequent experiments were performed using brass pipes with a length of 5 m and diameters of 39.0 and 74.0 mm. The results of these experiments are consistent with the results of the numerical analysis: the pipe with a diameter of 39.0 mm showed a clear signal from an axial slit 1.5 m away from the mode converter and the pipe with a diameter of 74.0 mm showed almost no difference between signals with or without the slit.
Analysis of high speed permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor supported by air foil bearings
Authors: Lin Hao , Geng Haipeng , Du Tingchen , Xu Xiangming , Zhang Yanyan , Cheng Wenjie , Yu Lie
Published: November 2018

The electromagnetism and rotor dynamics have been drawing great research interest due to their significance in the design of the high speed permanent magnet synchronous motor. However, it is challenging but essential to study the rotor supported by air foil bearings with cylindrical permanent magnet. Here the approach is reported to analyze a high speed PMSM rotor at the rating of 28.5 kW and 96,000 rpm. Through the analytic method and the finite element simulation, the expression for the magnetic flux density is obtained. Based on the rotor-bearing system discrete model, the critical speed is calculated by Campbell diagram. It comes to the conclusion that the radius and length of cylindrical permanent magnet is reciprocally related to the magnetic flux density and critical speed values. Finally, results of the PMSM experimental device operating at 96,000 rpm are represented by rotor frequency spectrum and orbit diagram.
Electromagnetic guideway for traveling continuous steel plate using permanent magnet
Authors: Narita Takayoshi , Bessho Takahiko , Kawasaki Kenta , Liu Xiaojun , Kato Hideaki , Moriyama Hiroyuki
Published: November 2018

In a plating process, a steel plate is conveyed for 20–50 m in the vertical direction for drying, during which it is weakly supported by rollers or other devices, resulting in uneven plating due to vibration and other productivity-reducing factors. We developed a non-contact guide system for a high-speed traveling elastic steel plate in which electromagnetic forces are applied by actuators on the edges of the plate to control its position. Furthermore, we conducted a travelling experiment in which permanent magnets were installed in the linear part of the steel plate to suppress the vibrational effects. We report the results of our experiment and simulations to show the effectiveness of our proposed method. By placing the permanent magnets at the antinodes of vibration in the linear portion, vibration in the loop-shaped part were suppressed. From these results, it is clarified that the guide performance of the loop shaped part can be improved by reducing the vibration of the straight portion.
Numerical simulation and experimental tests on active vibration control of two-dimensional pointing mechanism with adaptive hybrid system
Authors: Zhang Feng , Xu Minglong , Xie Shilin , Zhai Chongpu
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we propose a hybrid structure for an adaptive feedback system. The proposed structure was validated through a two-dimensional pointing mechanism involving simulations and experiments, to provide an active vibration control strategy for a range of satellite antennas in a space environment. The performance of the adaptive hybrid control system was investigated numerically to suppress the simulated vibration both in a steady-state and under random excitation. Experiments were carried out with the two-dimensional pointing mechanism to further verify the capability of the proposed control system. Both the simulation and experimental results revealed that the proposed two-dimensional pointing mechanism with an adaptive hybrid feedback system was effective in reducing the deflection angle vibration response of antenna pointing.
A dual consequent pole variable flux Vernier machine for wide speed range
Authors: Kwon Jung-woo , Jun Cha-seung , Kwon Byung-il
Published: November 2018

This paper proposes a variable-flux Vernier machine with dual consequent pole configuration to realize wide speed-range operation. The rotor has a consequent pole structure with high coercive force (HCF) material composed permanent magnets (PMs), whereas the stator has PMs positioned between the flux modulation poles. Stator-mounted PMs are made of low coercive force (LCF) materials that can be easily demagnetized or magnetized for variable-flux machines. By changing the magnetization state of the LCF PMs, suppression of magnetic flux was increased to reach higher-speed operation. Demagnetization of the stator LCF PMs reduced the total magnetic flux to reach a higher speed range. In addition, reverse magnetization allowed the machine to achieve further speed-range enhancement. The proposed machine was improved with a parametric selection process. Machine performance of each magnetization state was analyzed by way of speed torque curves and efficiency maps.
Design and fabrication of a novel porous titanium dental implant with micro/nano surface
Authors: Xiong Yinze , Gao Ruining , Zhang Hang , Li Xiang
Published: November 2018

A novel titanium (Ti) dental implant with pore architecture and enhanced structure was designed and fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM). Aimed at adding micro/nano structures on the porous Ti implant, alkali heat treatment was proposed. The fully interconnected porous part was in the midsection of the implant. The reinforced strut was embedded in the center of the porous part. The mechanical properties and surface morphology of the porous Ti implant were characterized. The desired micro/nano surface was obtained after alkali heat treatment. Mechanical test results showed that the ultimate strength was about 715 MPa, enough to withstand normal occlusal force and the stiffness of the Ti dental implant was about 26 GPa. This novel porous titanium dental implant with micro/nano surface may be promising to repair missing teeth.
3D magnetic dipole models of magnetic flux leakage for `concave' and `bump' defects
Authors: Huang Xiaoming , Wu Jianbo , Sun Yanhua , Kang Yihua
Published: November 2018

In magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing, the scraggly surface of the objects actually consists of “concave” and “bump” defects, however, MFL inspection mechanism is only explained based on magnetic field leakage in the vicinity of the “concave” defects. In order to richen the MFL theory and improve the detection signal analysis, 3D magnetic flux leakage for three typical shapes of “concave” and “bump” defects (i.e., the conical, spherical and rectangular defects) are investigated by building magnetic dipole models. It was found that “bump” defects generate a total different 3D MFL distribution from the “concave” defects, including x, y and z components of the MFL. Besides, numerical simulations by finite element method are conducted to validate the magnetic dipole models.