bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of organic matter stock dynamics in arable soils of Yamal: simulation experiments with the ROMUL model
Authors: Nadporozhskaya M. A. , Bykhovets S. S. , Nizamutdinov T. I. , Morgun E. N. , Abakumov E. V.
Published: October 2024

The goal of this work is to analyze the dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM) in arable soils of Yamal using computational experiments with the ROMUL model. Soil temperature and moisture dynamics were simulated using the SCLISS model. The Yamal experimental station was organized in 1932. The soil is Plaggic Podzol. The thickness of humus horizon (PY) is 30 cm. Pools, kg/m2: SOM – 9.32 and 13.75; N – 0.46 and 0.66 for 0–20 and 0–30 cm respectively. Background: soddy-green-moss tundra near Salekhard. Soil: Folic Podzol: litter (O, 2 cm) and humus-accumulative (AY, 4 cm) and illuvial ferruginous (BF, 6 cm) horizons. Pools, kg/m2: SOM – 1.38 and 2.69, N – 0.03 and 0.18 for 0–2 and 2–6 cm respectively. The quantity and quality of background fall was estimated according to literature data. Clarification of the amount of fall was carried out by the method of inverse problem solving (spin-up). Peat application was simulated: starting application in the dose of 12 kg/m2 and maintenance (every 6 years) in doses 4, 8 and 12 kg/m2, N 1%. Application of mineral fertilizers, 2 variants: a) N 4 g/m2 (40 kg/ha) in peatting years and b) application of the same dose of nitrogen every year. The duration of computational experiments is 30 and 90 years. Computational experiments showed that after the starting peatting of Folic Podzol at the rate of 12 kg/m2 after 30 years, only 15% of the applied detritus remained. Maintenance peatting of 8–12 kg/m2 leads to an increase in SOM pool to 20–30 kg/m2 and excessive accumulation of detritus. Application of 4 kg/m2 of peat once every 6 years for 90 years shows the dynamics of SOM pools from Folic Podzol to Plaggic Podzol which is confirmed by field survey data. Application of mineral nitrogen (4 g/m2) once every 6 years does not affect SOM pools. Annual application of mineral N (4 g/m2) increases SOM pools due to intensified humification. This fact requires experimental verification.
Tasa de reingreso de pacientes con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia atendidos en un centro de rehabilitación integral de Boyacá
Authors: Burbano López Adriana Lucia , Paiba Montaña Miguel Santiago , Vega Useche Camilo Antonio , Santacruz Ledezma Juan David x
Published: October 2024

Contexto: La Esquizofrenia, un trastorno complejo de salud mental, emerge como un área de inquietud significativa, particularmente por su impacto en la población. Objetivo: Estimar la tasa de reingreso de los pacientes con diagnóstico de Esquizofrenia en la población mayor de 18 años que ingresaron al Centro de Rehabilitación Integral de Boyacá durante el periodo junio de 2022 y junio 2023. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal. Se examinaron los registros clínicos y datos demográficos de un grupo de 133 pacientes; de ellos, se seleccionó una muestra compuesta por 16 pacientes mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia que recibieron atención por reingreso en el Centro de Rehabilitación Integral de Boyacá durante el periodo de estudio. Resultados: Media de edad 40,7 años;  Tasa de reingreso calculada de 12.8%; del total de pacientes reingresados, 75% masculinos; el grupo más prevalente es el de 29 a 59 años; el 6.3% de los reingresos se asoció a demencia, otro 6.3% a trastornos de ansiedad, y un adicional 6.3% a trastornos depresivos; de los pacientes que reingresaron, un 18.8% están afiliados a la Policía Nacional.  Conclusiones: la tasa de reingreso subraya la necesidad de estrategias más efectivas y personalizadas en la atención a pacientes con esquizofrenia. La recurrencia de hospitalizaciones indica la complejidad de gestionar la enfermedad a lo largo del tiempo, destacando la importancia de intervenciones preventivas y terapéuticas continuas. La proporción de recurrencias en el plano de afiliación institucional sugiere la necesidad de implementar la aplicación de tamizajes utilizando instrumentos válidos y confiables para detectar tempranamente el riego de episodios y/o recurrencias de esta enfermedad.
Scope and Value of Walter Morris Jr. Legacy for the Mayan Textile Studies
Authors: Kolpakova Alla
Published: October 2024

This article analyzes the academic legacy of the late Mayanist researcher Walter F. Morris Jr. (1953-2019), who dedicated his life to the study of the Mayan costumes of Chiapas in all their variety. The objective is to examine Morris’s main works in order to highlight their scope and value for continuing studies of the history and traditions of Mayan textiles.
Analisis Dimensi Budaya Hofstede pada Kepemimpinan Gereja Kristus Yesus, Bumi Serpong Damai, Tangerang, Banten
Authors: Thamrin Gandadinata
Published: October 2024

This study shows whether the culture of society can influence the organization, communication and implementation of church management, using the framework created by Geert Hofstede. Hofstede created a survey for investigating the variation of values to distinguish between cultures, their impact on etiquette, communication and church management (Hofstede's cultural dimensions). This study was conducted at the GKY BSD church organization located in Bumi Serpong Damai, Tangerang using quantitative research methods from the GLOBE study. The results of the study show that the existing data processing indicates a shift in one of the characteristics of Tionghoa culture in the leadership style of the GKY BSD church organization and supported the existing hypothesis, namely the multicultural Tionghoa Indonesia. This shift is an interesting phenomenon that shows the existence of a multicultural process and provides significant congregation growth from year to year in one of the church branches in BSD, Tangerang.

Bahasa Indonesia Abstract

Penelitian ini menunjukkan apakah budaya masyarakat dapat mempengaruhi organisasi, komunikasi dan pelaksanaan manajemen gereja, dengan menggunakan kerangka kerja yang dibuat oleh Geert Hofstede. Hofstede membuat survei dalam menyelidiki variasi nilai untuk membedakan budaya, dampaknya terhadap etiket, komunikasi dan manajemen gereja (dimensi budaya Hofstede). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada organisasi gereja GKY BSD yang berlokasi di Bumi Serpong Damai, Tangerang dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dari studi GLOBE. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengolahan data yang ada menunjukkan adanya pergeseran pada salah satu karakteristik budaya Tionghoa pada gaya kepemimpinan organisasi gereja GKY BSD dan mendukung hipotesis yang ada, yaitu Tionghoa Indonesia yang multikultural. Pergeseran ini merupakan fenomena menarik yang menunjukkan adanya proses multikultural dan memberikan pertumbuhan jemaat yang signifikan dari tahun ke tahun di salah satu cabang gereja di BSD, Tangerang.
„Twój awatar, twój wybór” — tożsamość użytkownika aplikacji randkowych w Metawersum
Authors: Kus Edyta
Published: October 2024

Celem artykułu jest rekonstrukcja znaczenia tożsamości użytkownika aplikacji służących do randkowania w Metawersum. Analizę ich komunikacji osadzono w postmodernistycznych teoriach Zygmunta Baumana i Anthony’ego Giddensa. Zaprezentowane w artykule wnioski wyprowadzone zostały w oparciu o metody krytycznej analizy dyskursu, a za materiał badawczy posłużyły teksty zaczerpnięte ze stron internetowych wspomnianych platform. Badanie wykazuje, że tożsamość użytkownika aplikacji konstruowana jest przede wszystkim na poziomie wizualnym i manifestowana za pomocą awatara. Dodatkowym ważnym czynnikiem nań wpływającym jest wirtualna realizacja stylów życia i nawiązywane relacje.
Ensino de Paleontologia e o Arco de Maguerez
Authors: Hohemberger Rômulo , Coutinho Renato Xavier , Rosa Átila Augusto Stock da
Published: October 2024

Introdução. A abordagem da Paleontologia em sala de aula auxilia os estudantes a compreenderem os fósseis e a evolução da vida. Objetivo. Dirigido a professores e funcionários de escolas públicas em Mata (RS), este estudo examinou o impacto de um curso de formação continuada em Paleontologia, com base na metodologia do Arco de Maguerez. Metodologia. A pesquisa teve cunho qualitativo, tendo sido baseada metodologia do Arco de Maguerez, que teve como base quatro elementos conceituais: contextualização, ensino pela pesquisa, interdisciplinaridade e uso de espaços não formais. Resultados. Antes da intervenção, os participantes tinham conhecimentos superficiais sobre o tema. Após o curso, houve uma clara melhoria, evidenciada pela abordagem mais abrangente e prática dos professores em assuntos como a importância dos fósseis e dos fósseis locais do município de Mata, além de aspectos específicos como o fóssil de cinodonte e a história do Pe. Daniel Cargnin. Os resultados mostraram que a aplicação do Arco de Maguerez e a formação continuada permitiram que os participantes integrem o conhecimento local para ensinar Paleontologia. Conclusão. O curso promoveu uma compreensão mais profunda e prática da disciplina entre os profissionais envolvidos, fortalecendo a abordagem do tema em contexto educacional.
Cell-supplemented autologous fat grafting: a review from bench to bedside
Authors: Ghosh Kanad , Patel Ronak A. , Hanson Summer E.
Published: October 2024

Autologous fat grafting is routinely used in plastic and reconstructive surgery to improve contour deformities and appearance. However, retention of fat over time is inconsistent and unpredictable. Cell-assisted lipostransfer (CAL), the practice of using stem cell-containing portions of adipose to enrich fat grafts, has been found to be a promising area of research to increase not only the retention of volume but also increase collagen production, enhance angiogenesis, and direct the overall repair, remodeling, and regeneration of the recipient site. CAL, therefore, has a multitude of clinical applications, ranging from oncologic reconstruction following radiation to facial rejuvenation, among others. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the current state of cell-supplemented fat transfer and discuss our understanding of cellular interactions in enriched fat grafts, techniques to improve the viability of fat, clinical translation of CAL, regulatory oversight, and future directions.
Structures, performances and applications of green biomass derived carbon in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Lin Wanran , Zhao Shijiao , Lu Binda , Jiang Feng , Lu Zhouguang , Xu Zhenghe
Published: October 2024

Most countries worldwide have committed to reaching carbon neutrality by the end of the century, with the aim to achieve Net Zero before 2060. To reduce the dependency of energy demands on fossil fuels, use of renewable energy and its gradual transition into the overall energy portfolio becomes increasingly critical. The solar and wind energy accounts for a major part of renewable energy. Considering unstable and noncontinuous production of electricity from these two sources, energy storage becomes essential. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become the most favorable choice of energy storage due to their good electrochemical performance (high capacity, low charge leakage and good cycle performance) and safety, in particular for portable (3C products, electric vehicles and drones) and stationary applications as well as for emergency electricity supply. However, the specific capacity of graphite, the most common commercial anode material, is reaching its theoretical limit, posing great challenges for improving the overall capacity of LIBs. It is therefore necessary to develop anode materials of higher capacity and better cycle performance. Biomass-derived carbon materials are ideal candidates for further enhancing the performance of LIBs due to their special microstructures, functional diversity and easy structure regulation. Most of these materials can reach capacities exceeding 500 mAh g-1, even the best for more than 1,000 mAh g-1 combined with other anode materials. This review provides an in-depth analysis of diverse carbon sources derived from biomass, categorized based on their distinct structural characteristics, with the focus on evaluating the current roles and bottlenecks of carbon as a component of the electrode materials used in LIBs. The failure mechanisms associated with biomass-derived carbon in LIBs are summarized, with potential solutions to these issues being proposed. The potential challenges and prospects for biomass-based LIBs are identified and thoroughly discussed. Overall, this review aims to serve as a resource for the strategic design and advancement of carbon-based materials, to achieve next-generation LIBs of superior performance.
Attitudes and perceptions of undergraduate medical students about sexual harassment and gender discrimination: A survey-based study
Authors: Kaur Harleen , Hirmukhe Malhar , Vaidya Medha , Patole Nishika , Ranalawala Murtuza , Nande Pranava , Soni Anushri , Bhanushali Charmi , Dharia Ashni , Karia Sagar , De Sousa Avinash
Published: October 2024

Background: Sexual harassment (SH) and Gender discrimination (GD) faced by medical students have been neglected areas of study in India. Only a few recent studies could be found, despite frequent media reports on SH and GD. This study aimed to assess the attitudes and perceptions of sexual harassment and gender discrimination and evaluate the forms of SH and GD experienced by them. Methods: A Google form based mixed method survey tool was distributed amongst students of 28 medical colleges in Maharashtra. Participants were assured of confidentiality and anonymity. Results: Of the 308 students who were eligible for the present study, 14.3% (44) and 26.6% (82) reported incidence of sexual harassment and gender discrimination, respectively, while 133 (43.2%) of them reported having experienced some or the other form of SH/GD. A wide range of instances of SH and GD were described by the students. Conclusions: The study highlights the need to create awareness about sexual harassment and gender discrimination amongst medical students, and to create an atmosphere where such abuses do not occur.
Reasons for retraction of clinical research articles in PubMed indexed medical journals from 2012 to 2022
Authors: Maurya Miteshkumar , Munshi Renuka
Published: October 2024

Background: Misconduct in the publication of research articles is a serious concern for the scientific community. This study was conducted with the objective to assess various reasons for retraction of clinical research articles published in PubMed indexed journals from all over the world since 2012 to 2022. Methods: A search was performed on the PubMed database for retracted research articles using filters for “retracted publication”. A total of 314 eligible research articles were assessed for studying basic details. The study outcome measures were to evaluate the reasons for the retraction and authors’ and journal editors’ responses to retractions. Results: Of the original research articles retracted, 150/242 (61.98%) were clinical trial publications. Of the total 314 retracted research articles, the most retractions were in 2014 (47, 14.96%) and 2013 (40, 12.73%) while the fewest retractions were in 2012 (3, 0.95%) and 2022 (9, 2.86%). The most common reasons for retraction were data errors or data analysis errors (120/314, 38.21%) followed by plagiarism (37/314, 11.8%), duplicate publication (35/314, 11.1%), ethical concerns (23/314, 7.3%) and methodological flaws (22/314, 7%). These concerns were raised mainly by the editor or editor-in-chief (228/314, 72.61%), followed by authors (29/314, 9.23%). Out of 228 editorial concerns on publications, authors of only 91/228 (39.91%) agreed and 17/228 (7.45%) completely disagreed with the editorial decision. Conclusion: Authors need to be more careful about data analysis errors, fabricated or falsified data, and plagiarism while submitting their research papers. On the part of editors, detecting misconduct at the submission and peer review stages will help lower the retraction rate and avoid citation of such articles by other authors.
Assessing functional suitability of a lyophilized formulation containing designed ankyrin repeat proteins for radionuclide imaging of HER2/neu overexpression in malignant tumors
Authors: Varvashenya R. N. , Prach A. A. , Plotnikov E. V. , Deev S. M. , Belousov M. V. , Larkina M. S. , Chernov V. I.
Published: October 2024

Aim. To study in vitro and in vivo the functional suitability of 99mTc-labeled lyophilized formulation containing designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin) G3-(GGGS)3Cys for radionuclide imaging of HER2/neu overexpression in malignant tumors.Materials and methods. To create a targeted protein, a modified genetic construct with the sequence encoding DARPin G3-(GGGS)3Cys was used. To generate the experimental probe, we used a lyophilized formulation containing DARPin G3-(GGGS)3Cys with auxiliary substances and 99mTc sodium pertechnetate (500 MBq) incubated at 60 °C for 30 min. Radiochemical purity of 99mTc-G3-(GGGS)3Cys was analyzed by thin-layer radiochromatography. SKOV-3, BT-474, and DU-145 cell lines were used to test binding specificity in vitro. The dissociation constant was determined via a saturation binding assay on SKOV-3 cells with a range of protein concentrations from 0.2 to 40 nM. Nu/j mice bearing HER2-positive SKOV-3 xenografts and HER2-negative Ramos xenografts were used to evaluate the targeting properties and biodistribution.Results. A radiocomplex based on 99mTc and a lyophilized formulation with DARPin G3-(GGGS)3Cys was obtained with the radiochemical purity of more than 96%. Binding of 99mTc-G3-(GGGS)3Cys to the cells was specific (KD 3.9 ± 0.5 nM) and proportional to the level of HER2/neu expression in the cells. The uptake of 99mTc-G3-(GGGS)3Cys in SKOV-3 xenografts was significantly higher than in Ramos xenografts. 99mTc-G3-(GGGS)3Cys demonstrated rapid blood and renal clearance and had low activity in the salivary glands and stomach. Liver uptake was about 5–7%ID/g. In addition, 99mTc-G3-(GGGS)3Cys exhibited very low uptakes in the lungs, muscles, small intestine, and bones.Conclusion. The 99mTc-labeled lyophilized formulation with DARPin G3-(GGGS)3Cys is functionally suitable for imaging HER2/neu overexpression in tumors, as it binds specifically to the receptor, is stable in vivo, and has favorable biodistribution in organs and tissues. The radiocomplex based on 99mTc-G3-(GGGS)3Cys was obtained by a simple method with high radiochemical purity.
Intracranial arachnoid cyst in a 28-year-old man. A clinical case with a fatal outcome
Authors: Krakhmal N. V. , Naumov S. S. , Vtorushin K. S. , Minekhanov T. R. , Zavyalova M. V. , Vtorushin S. V.
Published: October 2024

Most intracranial arachnoid cysts are thought to be non-tumorous, congenital, intra-arachnoid cerebrospinal fluid collections that account for about 1% of all intracranial space-occupying lesions. In children, the prevalence of this pathology is 2.6%; in adults, it reaches 1.4%. The disease is more often registered in men. Most often arachnoid cysts are supratentorial. Their most common locations are in the middle cranial fossa and the retrocerebellar cistern. Less often they can be detected on the convexity of the brain hemispheres; however, cases of arachnoid cysts at more unusual sites have also been described, including in newborns. The pathology is often characterized by an asymptomatic course, while certain symptoms may have an acute onset, which is due to compression of brain structures caused by the large cyst size.

This article describes a clinical case of a large intracranial arachnoid cyst in a 28-year-old man. It was not verified in the antemortem diagnosis, but was revealed according to the autopsy findings (macroscopic features of the cyst, histologic presentation with specific morphological changes, and findings of computed tomography of the cerebral hemispheres).
The role of markers of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease
Authors: Kopeva K. V. , Maltseva A. N. , Mochula A. V. , Smorgon A. V. , Grakova E. V. , Gusakova A. M. , Kalyuzhin V. V. , Zavadovsky K. V.
Published: October 2024

Aim. To study the potential of non-invasive biomarkers in the diagnosis of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) and prediction of the course of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in non-obstructive coronary artery disease.

Materials and methods. The 12-month observational study included 118 consecutive patients (6 patients dropped out of the study due to contact loss) with non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and HFpEF (62 [59; 64]%). At the beginning of the study, serum levels of several biomarkers were assessed using the enzyme immunoassay: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and endothelin-1. Coronary flow reserve (CFR) was examined using dynamic single photon emission computed tomography. In the absence of obstructive CAD, CMD was defined as a global decrease in CFR ≤ 2. Echocardiography was used to determine parameters of hemodynamics, LV diastolic dysfunction, and myocardial stress. LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) was assessed using 2D speckle tracking.

Results. The patients were divided into groups depending on the presence of CMD: group 1 included patients with CMD (n = 43), group 2 included those without it (n = 75). In patients in group 1, serum levels of endothelin-1 were 1.9 times higher (p = 0.012), levels of VEGF were 2.16 times higher (p = 0.008), and the concentration of NT-proBNP was 2.6 times higher (p = 0.004) than in patients in group 2. According to the ROC analysis, the concentrations of endothelin-1 ≥ 6.9 pg / ml (AUC = 0.711; p = 0.040) and VEGF ≥ 346.7 pg / ml (AUC = 0.756; p = 0.002) were considered as markers associated with the presence of CMD in patients with non-obstructive CAD. The multivariate regression analysis showed that only the presence of CMD (odds ratio (OR) 2.42; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.26–5.85; p < 0.001) and an increase in NT-proBNP ≥ 760.5 pg / ml (OR 1.33; 95% CI 1.08–3.19; p = 0.023) were factors associated with adverse events, and their combination increased the risk of HFpEF progression by more than 3 times (OR 3.18; 95% CI 2.76–7.98; p < 0.001), whereas markers of endothelial dysfunction were not independent predictors.

 

Conclusion. Endothelin-1 ≥ 6.9 pg / ml and VEGF ≥ 346.7 pg / ml can be used as non-invasive markers for the diagnosis of CMD. However, markers of endothelial dysfunction were not independent predictors of HFpEF progression in patients with non-obstructive CAD during 12-month follow-up.
Efecto fitotóxico de cuatro surfactantes catiónicos en plantas de lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.) hidropónica
Authors: Guillén Castillo Oscar Iván , Rojas Velázquez Ángel Natanael , Alcalá Jáuregui Jorge Alonso , Romero Méndez Mauricio Jesús , Bertolini Vincenzo
Published: October 2024

Los surfactantes se usan en la agricultura como acondicionadores del suelo y componentes de fungicidas, plaguicidas y fertilizantes. Estos materiales son considerados contaminantes que pueden encontrarse en el suelo, ser absorbidos por plantas y animales, y afectar la salud de los humanos cuando se consumen. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la fitotoxicidad de cuatro surfactantes catiónicos: bromuro de hexadecil trimetil amonio (HDTMA), cloruro de octadecil trimetil amonio (OTAC), dodecil amina (DDA) y hexadecil amina (HDA) en un sistema hidropónico de cultivo de lechuga en dosis de 0 a 10 mg/L. Las variables evaluadas fueron: consumo de agua, biomasa seca, área foliar, conductividad eléctrica (CE) y contenido de NO3–, K+ y Ca2+ en la solución nutritiva. Después de 40 días de exposición a DDA, este no influyó en la biomasa seca de la planta; sin embargo, con la aplicación de 1 mg/L de HDTMA dicha biomasa disminuyó 27 %, con 4 mg/L de OTAC 46 % y con 4 mg/L de HDA 60 %. La disminución del consumo de agua por los surfactantes fue de 27 % con 1 mg/L de HDTMA, 20 % con OTAC y 34 % con HDA a partir de 2 mg/L. La aplicación de DDA no mostro efecto reductor. En la mayoría de las variables el surfactante DDA no afectó la respuesta; además, el surfactante HDA fue el segundo en provocar menor daño al cultivo, ya que no contiene un ion acompañante tóxico como Cl y Br.
Identifying Double-cropped Fields with Remote Sensing in Areas with High Crop Diversity
Authors: Noorazar Hossein , Brady Michael , Savalkar Supriya , Norouzi Kandelati Amin , Liu Mingliang , Beale Perry , McGuire Andrew , Waters Timothy , Rajagopalan Kirti
Published: October 2024

The extent of single- and multi-cropping systems in any region, and potential changes to it, have consequences on food and resource use, raising important policy questions. However, addressing these questions is limited by a lack of reliable data on multi-cropping practices at a high spatial resolution, especially in areas with high crop diversity. In this paper, we describe a relatively low-cost and scalable method to identify double-cropping at the field-scale using satellite (Landsat) imagery. The process combines machine learning methods with expert labeling. We demonstrate the process by measuring double-cropping extent in a portion of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest United States--- a region with significant production of more than 60 distinct types of crops including hay, fruits, vegetables, and grains in irrigated settings. Our results indicate that the current state-of-the-art methods for identifying cropping intensity---that apply simpler rule-based thresholds on vegetation indices---do not work well in regions with a high crop diversity, and likely significantly overestimate double-cropped extent. Multiple machine learning models were able to perform better by capturing nuances that the simple rule-based approaches are unable to. In particular, our (image-based) deep learning model was able to capture nuances in this crop-diverse environment and achieve a high accuracy (96-99% overall accuracy and 83– 93% producer accuracy for the double-cropped class with standard error of less than 2.5%) while also identifying double-cropping in the right crop types and locations based on expert knowledge. Our expert labeling process worked well and has potential as a relatively low-cost, scalable approach for remote sensing applications. The product developed here is valuable to inform several policy questions related to food production and resource use.
The Architecture of Aging: How Ageing Drives Disease (Blueprint Theory)
Authors: Kern Carina , Faragher Richard , Woods Tina , Bonventre Joseph , Jenkins Annalisa , Stebbing Justin
Published: October 2024

Age-related diseases place an intense and growing stress on healthcare systems. Numerous theories of ageing exist. Yet prediction, prevention and treatment limitations of age-related disease persist because we lack a complete aetiological understanding of their origins. Here we propose a new theory that aims to provide a blueprint-type understanding of ageing and disease aetiology, working across multiple scientific disciplines. Supported by specific examples, we demonstrate that the primary driver of much of age-related diseases is the futile triggering of specific biological pathways in a pathological manner, which we term pathophysiological pathways or patho-pathways. Patho-pathways induce pathological cell, tissue and system changes in the form of dysactivity (out of context activity that is at the wrong time and/or place), which is characteristic of age related disease. As part of patho-pathways, all wild-type (normal) genes have the potential to contribute to age-related diseases (though specific risk varies and can be formularised). In a domino-style effect, one patho-pathway typically triggers others, resulting in complex, but traceable, cascades. Utility, in terms of changing clinical and scientific practice, is derived from mapping these cascades to create Blueprint Maps that allow identification of biomarkers and therapeutic targets far upstream in the causal chain of events. Finally, our theory provides testable hypotheses concerning predictions of links between otherwise seemingly disparate diseases as well as new interventions to reduce ageing.
Dubovsky’s Class of Mathematical Models for Describing Economic Cycles with Heredity Effects
Authors: Makarov Danil , Parovik Roman , Rakhmonov Zafar
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the study of economic cycles within the framework of the theory of Kondratieff's long waves or K-waves. The object of the study is Dubovsky's fractional mathematical models, which consist of two nonlinear ordinary differential equations of fractional order and describe the dynamics of the efficiency of new technologies and capital productivity, taking into account constant and variable heredity. Fractional mathematical models also take into account the dependence of the accumulation rate on capital productivity, the influx of external investment and new technological solutions. The effects of heredity lead to a delayed effect of the reaction of the system in question to the impact. The property of heredity in mathematical models is taken into account using fractional derivatives of constant and variable orders, which are understood in the sense of Gerasimov-Caputo. Dubovsky's fractional mathematical models are studied numerically using the Adams-Bashforth-Moulton algorithm. Using a numerical algorithm, oscillograms and phase trajectories were constructed for various values of the model parameters. It is shown that Dubovsky's fractional mathematical models can have limit cycles, and there are no self-oscillatory modes.
Psychosocial Factors in Evidence-based Management Interventions and Policymaking: The COPSOQ III Greek Validation Study
Authors: Kotsakis Aristomenis , Avraam Demetris , Malliarou Maria , Halkiopoulos Constantinos , Galanakis Michael , Sfakianakis Michael , Soteriades Elpidoforos S.
Published: October 2024

Background: Over the past two decades, the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) has been established as a valid instrument to measure psychosocial stress at work. Currently, the COPSOQ international network is responsible for monitoring and improving COPSOQ. In 2019, a new questionnaire was published, and the Greek version is now being validated. Methods: The measurement qualities of the Greek COPSOQ III have been explored in accordance with the usual requirements of a validation study as defined by DIN EN ISO 10075-3. A sample of observations from 2,189 participants surveyed with the COPSOQ in Greece was used to validate the current version with appropriate statistical analyses. Exploratory factor analysis was used to assess the statistical relationships for many scales. Results: With its 108 items and 40 scales, the Greek COPSOQ III includes all psychosocial work factors that have been internationally validated and remain compatible with approximately 72% of the COPSOQ III German version content. In addition to the primary results, congruence with widely used theoretical approaches such as the demand-control (−support) model (DCM) or the job demands-resources model (JDR) is generally satisfactory. In summary, our validation study for the Greek COPSOQ III version showed adequate reliability and validity, which is in line with the findings of the COPSOQ III questionnaire from other European countries, and it is also compatible with the validation of the German COPSOQ III (Lincke, 2021). Our regression analysis revealed that 34 psychosocial work factors (34 “context” scales) could adequately predict the scores of the satisfactory and health scales (6 “outcome” scales). The analysis also revealed the top five (5) predictors (context variables) for each of the six (6) “effect” scales (outcome variables). Conclusions: With the launch of COPSOQ III in Greece, current and new workplace psychosocial aspects could be explored. COPSOQ III (GR) is a beneficial instrument for enterprise research and risk assessment.
Metabolic Complementation Between Cells Drives the Evolution of Tissues and Organs
Authors: Pavlicev Mihaela , DiFrisco James , Love Alan C. , Wagner Gunter P.
Published: October 2024

Although evolutionary transitions of individuality have been extensively theorized, little attention has been paid to the origin of levels of organization within organisms. How and why do specialized cells become organized into specialized tissues or organs? What spurs a transition in organizational level in cases where the function is already present in constituent cell types? We propose a hypothesis for this kind of evolutionary transition based on two features of cellular metabolism: metabolic constraints on functional performance and the capacity for metabolic complementation between parenchymal and supporting cells. These features suggest a scenario whereby pre-existing specialized cell types are integrated into tissues when changes to the internal or external environment favor offloading metabolic burdens from a primary specialized cell type onto supporting cells. We illustrate this process of “supra-functionalization” using the nervous system and the pancreas.
Assessment of Serum ACTH, Melatonin, and Cortisol Levels in Patients with Hormone Imbalance and Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Mohammed Mosa jassim Muslim , ALI ABDZAID HAIDER , Musafer Abed Al_Hasani Yasseen
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a long-term inflammatory disease that affects the central nervous system due to an abnormal immune response. Hormonal and enzyme changes in these patients can influence the progression and prognosis of the disease. In this research, the levels of cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), melatonin, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the blood of MS patients were studied.Methods: This study involved 50 MS patients and 50 healthy individuals. The levels of ACTH, melatonin, and cortisol in the blood were measured using specific ELISA kits. The data obtained were then analyzed statistically using SPSS software.Results: The findings revealed a significant increase in the levels of cortisol and LDH in MS patients (P<0.05), while the levels of melatonin and ACTH showed a significant decrease (P<0.05). The elevated cortisol levels may be attributed to chronic stress and inflammation associated with MS. An increase in LDH levels can indicate tissue damage caused by myelin destruction. On the other hand, decreased melatonin levels may lead to sleep disturbances and increased stress in these patients, while decreased ACTH levels may be linked to disruptions in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Conclusion: The hormonal and enzyme changes observed in MS patients illustrate the wide-ranging impact of the disease on various body systems. The increase in cortisol and LDH as well as the decrease in melatonin and ACTH could serve as useful biomarkers for predicting disease progression and managing the condition. These findings align with previous studies and contribute to a deeper understanding of the pathological mechanisms of MS.
Evaluation of the Moisturizing Power of Coconut Water (Cocos nucifera L.) on Physical Persons
Authors: Bouatenin Koffi Maïzan Jean-Paul , Krabi Ekoua Regina , Tohoyessou Yabo Majoie Géroxie , kokola Lydia Karell , Adjobignon semassa Josiane , Coulibaly Wahauwouélé Hermann , Camara Fatoumata , Niamké Sébastien
Published: October 2024

Coconut water, the clear liquid extracted from coconuts (Cocos nucifera L.), is a refreshing tropical drink with a booming market. However, despite its success, its moisturising properties remain controversial. The aim of this research is to inform consumers about the hydrating power of coconut water sold on the streets of Abidjan. To achieve this objective, a survey of coconut water consumption was carried out followed by in-vitro experiments using biochemical, physicochemical and functional analyses. The survey revealed that coconut water was well known to consumers (100%) for its fortifying (33.33%), digestive (29.33%) and refreshing (28.34%) properties. Coconut water contained carbohydrates (4.5±0.0%), dry matter (5.2±0.0070%), energy (19.92±0.0%) and ash (0.44±0.0%). Coconut water also contained minerals, notably sodium (220.45±0.4949 mg), potassium (1591.02±6.10 mg) and phosphorus (276.1±10.18 mg). In other hand, the volume of urine after consumption of coconut water was lower than that after consumption of mineral water, with values falling from 138.5 mL (T1) to 66.67 mL (T4) and then from 41.67 mL (T1) to 36.33 mL (T4) for coconut water. Coconut water is diuretic and therefore cleanses the bladder. Coconut water seems to have greater hydrating power than mineral water.
Analysis of the Wind Potential in the Mexican Republic and Prediction of Its Behavior through Dense Neural Networks
Authors: Molina-Almaraz Mario , Solís-Sánchez Luis O. , Castañeda-Miranda Celina Lizeth , Bañuelos-García Luis E. , García-Sánchez Eduardo , Guerrero-Osuna Héctor A.
Published: October 2024

Climate change is a global issue that has driven the adoption of renewable energies due to their sustainability and environmental benefits. However, these energies face limitations, such as the lack of regional studies on wind or solar dynamics and the efficiency of energy systems. Tools that simulate and calculate energy potential while considering uncontrollable climatic variables are crucial for optimizing the design of these systems. Artificial intelligence, particularly multilayer neural networks, has proven effective in data prediction across industries. This paper focuses on training a 3-layer neural network using the ReLU activation function and quadratic error to predict wind potential density in Mexico, aiming to identify key areas for renewable energy development.
A Breakthrough in Resonance Analysis for Complex Multilayered Structures in Small, High-Contrast Nonlinear Media with Kerr Effect
Authors: Meklachi Taoufik
Published: October 2024

Scattering resonances play a crucial role in understanding wave behavior in various physical systems. While significant progress has been made in analyzing resonances in high-contrast and nonlinear media, a general characterization of resonances in small, high-contrast nonlinear media with the Kerr effect, particularly in layered configurations, has remained an open problem. In this paper, we present a novel asymptotic approach that addresses this gap by providing an approximation for resonances in terms of material properties, geometry, and nonlinearity. Our results offer new insights into the dependence of resonances on these factors, particularly for complex multilayered structures, making this the first general characterization of its kind.
Analysis of Regions of Homozygosity: Revisited Through New Bioinformatic Approaches
Authors: Valente Susana , Ribeiro Mariana , Schnur Jennifer , Alves Filipe , Moniz Nuno , Seelow Dominik , Freixo João Parente , Silva Paulo Filipe , Oliveira Jorge
Published: October 2024

Runs of homozygosity (ROH) are contiguous homozygous segments occurring throughout the genome. ROH's number and size heavily depend upon shared parental ancestry, particularly relevant in the context of parental consanguinity. Homozygosity mapping, a valuable technique for the identification of genes associated with human genetic diseases, is based on the presence of ROH. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) improved this process by allowing simultaneous homozygosity mapping and detection of disease-causing variants. In this work, we present the methodology to automate the creation of personalized multigene panels based on whole-exome sequencing (WES) data using ROH (identified by combining two different algorithms: ROHMMCLI and HomozygosityMapper) and/or Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) terms, and its integration in a Django Web application. The new resources’ applicability and impact on diagnostics are demonstrated through the genetic characterization of two siblings affected by a recessive disease. Resorting to a sample of 3,941 patients generated in this work, we provide an extensive analysis of ROH at a genomic scale for the first time in the Portuguese population. This work also describes the development of a new classification approach based on ROH features. In summary, this research advances ROH analysis from WES data, emphasizing its diagnostic potential and significance in population genetics’ characterization.
Analysis of the mRNA Expression of Peripheral Blood Stem and Progenitor Cell Markers in Pancreatic Neoplastic Disorders
Authors: Dąbkowski Krzysztof , Tarnowski Maciej , Safranow Krzysztof , Dąbkowska Maria , Kosiorowska Alicja , Pukacka Kamila , Starzyńska Teresa
Published: October 2024

Background
Our aim was to assess the expression profiles of the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles of stem cell genes (OCT4, NANOG) and pancreatic progenitor genes (CK19, HES1, INS, PDX1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) in selected neoplastic pancreatic diseases, such as cancer and neuroendocrine tumors, to identify neoplastic disease markers in the pancreas.
Methods
In this study, 49 patients diagnosed with pancreatic neoplastic diseases (37 with cancer and 12 with neuroendocrine tumors) and 34 control patients, all of whom were hospitalized at a tertiary center, were enrolled. Venous blood samples were collected from the participants, and RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs). The mRNA expression levels of six stem cell and pancreatic progenitor markers—OCT4 (POU class 5 homeobox 1), NANOG, CK19 (keratin 19), HES1 (hes family bHLH transcription factor 1), INS (insulin), and PDX1 (pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1)—were quantified via real-time quantitative PCR. The data were statistically analysed to explore associations between gene expression levels and various clinical, biochemical, and morphological parameters (including full blood count, Ca 19.9, weight, height, and BMI) via the Kruskal‒Wallis test, Mann‒Whitney U test, and Spearman rank correlation coefficient.
Results
The results revealed that the expression of the gene associated with early stem cells, NANOG (median= 0.002, p=0.03), as well as the genes encoding insulin INS (median = 0,004, p=0.02) and cytokeratin 19 CK19(median 0.0003, p=0.005), was significantly elevated in patients with pancreatic cancer. However, these gene expression levels were not significantly different from those of controls in patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Additionally, no significant differences in gene expression were observed among patients at different stages of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, CK19 overexpression was found to be positively correlated with inflammatory markers, specifically CRP and WBC, in patients with pancreatic cancer.

Conclusions
Elevated PBMNC mRNA expression of selected stem and progenitor genes (NANOG, INS, CK19) may serve as a marker of pancreatic cancer and is correlated with coexisting inflammation.
Promoting Food Security and Biodiversity Restoration: Insights from Kenyan Youth Climate Change Activists
Authors: Wanjala Emmanuel Simiyu
Published: October 2024

This article centers on the experiences and voices of eight Kenyan youth climate change activists by highlighting how they navigate local and global challenges while engaging in climate change action. Specifically, the article examines how the activists are combating food insecurity and promoting biodiversity restoration by discussing findings from two projects. The first project is the Ondiri Wetland Botanical Gardens, where youth activists have planted over 270 indigenous trees, of which about 58 are different species of trees native to the Kenyan Highland of Kikuyu, to counter the biodiversity loss and alleviate the impact of climate change on flora and fauna. The second project is the One Million Trees for Kilifi project, where activists are planting orchards in various schools in Kilifi County in Kenya to mitigate the impact of climate change and end malnutrition among K-12 learners. Guided by the Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) methodology, this study counters the deficit and exclusionary narrative that has often left out young people from climate change education and governance policy decision-making and advocates for a more equitable and inclusive approach that centers their voices and perspectives in solving existential problems like climate change.
Predicting the Impact of DDoS Attacks in LTE-M Networks using a CTMC Model
Authors: Hammood Mutar Mohammed , El Fawal Ahmad Hani , Nasser Abbass , Mansour Ali
Published: October 2024

The way we connect with the physical world has completely changed because of the Internet of Things (IoT) advancement. However, there are several difficulties associated with this change. A significant advancement has been the emergence of intelligent machines that are able to gath-er data for analysis and decision-making. In terms of IoT security, we are seeing a sharp increase in hacker activities worldwide. Botnets are more common now in many countries, and such at-tacks are very difficult to counter. In this context, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks pose a significant threat to the availability and integrity of online services. In this paper, we de-veloped a predictive model called Markov Detection and Prediction (MDP) using Continuous Time Markov Chain (CTMC) to identify and preemptively mitigate DDoS attacks. The MDP model helps in studying, analyzing and predicting DDoS attacks in Long Term Evolution for Machine (LTE-M) networks and IoT environments. The results show that using our MDP model, the system is able to differentiate between Authentic, Suspicious and Malicious traffic. Addition-ally, we are able to predict the system behavior when facing different DDoS attacks.
Analysis of Health Impacts from Future Air Quality Changes Considering the Aging Population in Korea
Authors: Kim Jinseok , Jang Youjung , Hu Hyejung , Kim Younha , Kim Bomi , Yoo Seung-Jick , Lee Jae-Bum , Eun Seung-Hee , Hong Sung-Chul , Jin Hyungah , Woo Jung-Hun
Published: October 2024

When predicting the health impacts of PM2.5 from future air quality changes, it’s crucial to consider both air quality improvements and population aging. This study divided future emission scenarios into a Base and Control scenario to project air quality from 2015 to 2030 and assess health outcomes. The GUIDE model, an Integrated Assessment Model (IAM), was used to estimate future emissions, while the CMAQ (Chemical Transport Model) and BenMAP (Health Impact Model) evaluated health impacts resulting from changes in air quality in Korea. The study focused on the impact of population aging on future health outcomes. Both scenarios showed improved PM2.5 concentrations, with the Control scenario seeing more substantial improvements due to stronger policy measures. When applying current age patterns, health impacts decreased as PM2.5 concentrations. However, when considering future population aging, health impacts increased despite improved air quality. This finding suggests that, although PM2.5 concentrations are expected to decline, the increasing proportion of elderly individuals will exacerbate health risks. Therefore, accounting for aging population trends is essential when studying the health impacts of future air quality changes.