bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constructivist pedagogy in E-learning: Solving problems of interaction with a student
Authors: Berestova Anna , Anisimova Tatyana , Morugina Olga , Lobuteva Liudmila , Lobuteva Alisa
Published: October 2022

The study focuses on improving e-learning effectiveness and its implementation during the COVID-19-induced lockdown. The study involved 328 students aged 20 to 24 years with an equal number of males and females. Research shows that e-learning is mostly used together with embedded pedagogical tools and technologies rather than single training programs to improve the quality of teaching based on a unified method. Constructivism is an effective approach for this purpose. The research results can be used in programs with embedded learning elements based on constructivist pedagogy in online and blended learning at higher educational institutions.

Keywords: e-learning; constructivism; student-teacher interaction; problem-based learning; student-centered learning; individual learning path
Humanitarian Evidence and Discourse Summary No.31
Authors: Kelly Luke
Published: October 2022

This is the 31st monthly Knowledge, Evidence and Learning for Development (K4D) Programme’s Humanitarian Evidence Summary (HUMES), signposting to the latest relevant evidence and discourse on humanitarian action to inform and support their response. It is the result of one day of work per month and is not intended to be a comprehensive summary of available evidence on humanitarian action but aims to make original documents easily accessible to decision-makers that, if relevant to them, they could refer to before making decisions.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF Piper retrofractum Vahl IN JAVA USING INTER SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS (ISSR) MARKERS
Authors: Hariyani Sulifah Aprilya , Zubaidah Siti
Published: October 2022

Piper is a genus of the family Piperaceae which has a very large number, in the tropics and sub-tropics. There are about 22 species of Piper which are registered in medicinal herbs and world herbs, one of which is Java chili (Piper retrofractum Vahl.). The morphological characters of P. retrofractum are different in various planting centers, especially the leaf and fruit characters vary. Limitations of morphological characters encourage the use of molecular characters. The purpose of this study was to analyze the molecular character of Java chilli (P. retrofractum) on the island of Java using ISSR (Inter simple sequence repeat) markers. Molecular markers can provide relatively more accurate information because genetic traits tend to be stable in environmental changes and not influenced by age. Leaves from 12 different locations were isolated using the SDS method. Amplification was carried out using 12 ISSR polymers. Data is analyzed using the NTSYS version 2.02 program. The results showed that the amplification of P. retrofractum DNA produced 70 polymorphic DNA bands. The dendrogram results from 12 sampling locations showed that P. retrofractum on Java Island had a similarity coefficient of 0.69-0.93. This shows that genetic diversity based on ISSR markers from P. retrofractum Vahl is relatively low.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT, AND FTIR ANALYSIS OF FERMENTED BADUY HONEY WITH PINEAPPLE
Authors: Nora Adri , Wilapangga Anjas , Kahfi Amenia , Then Meisya , Fairus Atikah
Published: October 2022

Honey is one of the liquid foods known for its high nutritional value. Honey contains macronutrient and micronutrient compounds. The composition of honey is usually different from one honey to another and has different biological activities. Baduy honey is one of the forest honey sold by the Baduy tribe. Fermented Baduy honey is suspected of having better biological activity. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of fermented Baduy honey, the total phenolic compound, and FTIR analysis. The antioxidant activity was determined against DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazile) by measuring the absorbance of the sample at the wavelength of 517 nm. The Total phenolic compound was also determined using folin ciocalteu’s method to measure the absorbance of the sample at the wavelength of 765nm. The FTIR analysis was also carried out to detect functional groups in Baduy honey. The antioxidant activity shows that fermented Baduy honey has the highest antioxidant capacity (IC 50 = 90,26 µg/mL) after three days of fermentation with pineapple and has better antioxidant capacity than non-fermentation Baduy honey. Total phenolic content shows that Baduy honey has 2,04 µg/mL. The FTIR analysis result indicates the presence of phenolic compounds, which can be found in flavonoids.
COLOR BLIND PREVALENCE OF ELEMENTARY STUDENT IN SUMBERSARI SUBDISTRICT, JEMBER
Authors: Oktarianti Rike , Azizah Lutfia , Utami Eva Tyas
Published: October 2022

Red-green color blindness is the most common type of color blindness. Color blindness disorders occur due to genetic factors determined by the recessive gene c (color blind) which is linked to the X chromosome. This study aims to determine the prevalence and frequency of color blind alleles and to determine the pattern of inheritance of color blind genes by conducting pedigree analysis on color blindness student’s family. The research was conducted in 13 public elementary schools, Sumbersari subdistrict, Jember Regency with a multistage cluster sampling method of sampling with a total sample of 286. Detection of color blindness using Ishihara's methods. Based on the results of this study, the color blindness prevalence of elementary school students in Sumbersari subdistrict, Jember was 2.79% with the prevalence in males and female were respectively as  4.86% and  0.7%. The allele frequency of color blindness was 0.021 and the normal allele frequency was 0.979.  The pedigree analysis of a color blind student family shows the gene of color blindness is inherited in a criss-cross inheritance pattern.
Atribut Dewan dan Corporate Social Responsibility: Kinerja Keuangan sebagai Variabel Moderasi
Authors: Anita Anita , Eren Eren
Published: October 2022

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure has been an important aspect of assessing companies these days. Indonesian listed companies have begun to disclose CSR through sustainability reports because they understand the importance of CSR in improving company efficiency and reputation. CSR certainly cannot be separated from corporate governance, namely the attributes of the board. Therefore, the study was implemented with the aim of discovering the impact of board attributes on CSR with financial performance as a moderation variable. CSR in the study was measured using GRI standards. Researchers used associative causal research aimed at examining the relationship of the studied variables. Secondary data that formed in the quantitative approach were obtained from the annual and sustainability report of listed companies contained on the IDX website. Samples from the study were sorted out using the purposive sampling method which amounted to 52 companies. The study has managed to show that board independence had a significant influence on CSR. Financial performance as the moderating variable weakened the board size-CSR and CEO duality-CSR relationships. Study results can be utilized by readers and subsequent researchers in enriching the existing literature on CSR topics.

Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Board Attributes, Sustainability Report, Financial Performance
Migration and Obstacles to Social Cohesion: The Perception of Young People in Turkey
Authors: GÜLERCE Hakan , ŞAHİN Hatice , HADİ Abdul
Published: October 2022

This study aims to determine the obstacles in the social cohesion process and analyze them sociologically, thereby suggesting social and political solutions to the problems through the perspectives of young people living in the city of Şanlıurfa. The present study was carried out with young people born in Turkey and Syria, who came together at the workshops conducted within the scope of a European Union funded Erasmus+ project in 2021. It used in-depth and semi-structured interviews to collect the data from young participants aged between 18 and 30 to understand the actions and narratives of participants and the intersection of their actions and narratives. The present study identified four fundamental obstacles to social cohesion: legal, economic, socio-cultural, and the public sphere. According to the study's findings, the abovementioned obstacles seriously hamper social cohesion between migrants and host communities.
العالقة بين القيادة االستراتيجية والمنظمة المتعلمة - دراسة ميدانية في البنوك العاملة في العاصمة اليمنية صنعاء
Authors: أ.د. مراد حممد النشمي  , د. أماين عبد اهلل حممد السفاري
Published: October 2022

هدفــت هذه الدراســة إىل حتديــد العالقة بني القيــادة االســتراتيجية واملنظمة املتعلمــة يف البنوك)2082 )فردا من الوظائف اإلشــرافية يف البنوك العاملة يف صنعاء، واعتمدت الدراســة على االستبانة ُ العاملــة يف العاصمة اليمنية صنعاء، واتبعت الدراســة املنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وكان جمتمع الدراســةأداة جلمع البيانات، وقد مت اختيار عينة عشــوائية طبقية عددها )404 ) ُ مفردة، واســتخدمت النمذجةالبنائيــة خبوارزميــة املربعــات الصغــرى اجلزئيــة )PLS-SEM)؛الختبــار النموذج اهلرمــي بربنامج)9.2.3.v SmartPLS، )وقد توصلت الدراســة إىل أن درجة ممارســة القيادة االستراتيجية يف جمتمعالدراســة جاءت عالية عند وزن نســي )05.68)% ُ ؛حيث جاء بعد التواصل الرؤيوي يف املرتبة األوىلبوزن نسيب )01.70 ،) ُ %وبعد املقدرات اجلوهرية والنظام الرقايب املتوازن يف املرتبة األخرية بوزن نسيب)0.67 ،)وتطبيق املنظمة املتعلمة يف جمتمع الدراســة جاء متوسطا بوزن نسيب )90.64، ) ُ حيث جاء بعدالتعلم اجلماعي يف املرتبة األوىل بوزن نسيب )7.68 ،) ُ وبعد التميز الذايت يف املرتبة األخرية بوزن نسيب)8.62 ،)وأشارت النتائج أيضا إىل وجود عالقة ذات داللة إحصائية بني القيادة االستراتيجية واملنظمةُصت الدراسة إىل عدد من التوصيات كاناملتعلمة مبعامل ارتباط )476.0 )يف البنوك حمل الدراسة، وخلأمهها: االستمرار يف ممارسات القيادة االستراتيجية من قبل البنوك حمل الدراسة، وتعزيز هذه املمارسةبتوفري كافة الســبل؛ الكتشاف واســتثمار املقدرات اجلوهرية األخرى يف هذه البنوك: )املعلومات – رأساملال الفكري – عالقات العمالء(.
The Impact of Strategic Management on Services Quality: A Case Study of Social Fund for Development in Sana’a, Yemen
Authors: Abdul Haq Muhammad Salih Al-Hamdani
Published: October 2022

The study aimed to identify the impact of strategic management on thequality of services, the level of practicing it and the quality of services at theSocial Fund for Development in Sana’a, Yemen. The descriptive analyticalmethod was adopted and a questionnaire was administered to collect datafrom (146) participants who were selected by the complete census method.The participants covered all employees in job levels (Unit Head, Unit Vice-Head, Officer, & Assistant). To analyze the data, the statistical package forsocial sciences (SPSS) was used. The findings revealed statistically significantpositive impact of strategic management on the quality of services. Thefindings also showed that the level of practicing strategic management at theSocial Fund for Development was high, and the level of quality of serviceswas high as well. The study concluded with an emphasis on paying moreattention to strategic management at the Social Fund for Development, asthis would have positive impact on the quality of services.
Evaluation of the Effect of Hippotherapy on Balance and Motor Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: YÜCEL ŞEN Arife Derda , CARMAN Kursat Bora , YARAR Coşkun , YILDIRIM Cafer , BİLGE Uğur
Published: October 2022

Serebral palsi kronik nörolojik bir hastalık olup tedavinin temelini fizik tedavi oluşturmaktadır. Hippoterapi bu klasik tedavi yöntemine ek olarak uygulanabilmektedir. Çalışmamızda hippoterapinin serebral palsi hastalarına olan etkisi araştırıldı. Çocuklara tedavi öncesi ve sonrasında Kaba Motor Fonksiyon Ölçeği-88 (KMFÖ-88) ve Berg Denge Ölçeği uygulandı. On iki haftalık terapi sonrasında KMFÖ-88 ve Berg Denge ölçeği puanlarında istatiksel olarak anlamlı artış belirlendi. Bu ön çalışmamız hippoterapi uygulamasının pediatrik serebral palsi hastalarının tedavisinde kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.
ROAD SAFETY AND THE CAUSES OF ROAD ACCIDENTS IN POLAND
Authors: GORZELANCZYK Piotr , JURKOVIČ Martin , SKIBIŃSKA Justyna , KALINA Tomáš
Published: October 2022

The number of road traffic accidents in the world has been increasing. This is mainly related to the constant increase in road traffic. The aim of this article is to examine the causes of road accidents in Poland in terms of road traffic safety. For this purpose, road incidents that occurred in Poland were analysed. In order to verify the presented statistical data on the state of safety in Poland, a survey was carried out to indicate the factors that most often cause traffic accidents. Possibilities for increasing the efficiency of traffic safety and an evaluation of the level of safety in vehicles were also part of the survey. The results showed that the state of RS, in the opinion of the respondents, is poor. The respondents correctly indicated the most frequent causes of road accidents, which confirms their knowledge in the field of road safety. The survey also showed that the activities of the police and programmes for increasing safety need improvement. According to the respondents, the actions that should be taken to improve safety are, first of all, the improvement of the technical condition of roads and the modernisation of road infrastructure. In addition, the survey showed that most men are car drivers, while women primarily travel on foot; the results also showed that the knowledge of RS is better among women.
APPLICATION OF TRANSPORT SECURITY SYSTEM SYMBOLOGY FOR EMERGENCY MASS NOTIFICATION SYSTEMS
Authors: JAGUSIAK Bogusław , POKORSKI Grzegorz
Published: October 2022

The visualisation of resources is becoming an increasingly important factor in the operations of crisis management teams. The efficiency of crisis management processes depends on the possibility of data exchange between crisis management teams and people within the range of expected and actual threats. An important part of the information provided to people is the description of the condition of the transport system. The authors of this work carried out comparative analyses of visualisation standards in terms of a selected transport system for six selected countries and organisations. Based on the survey results, they managed to assess the functionality and usability of the visualisation of the Polish transport system. This research was based on a modified model of assessment of software functionality and usability. Methods of determining the functionality and usability of a transport system visualisation can help crisis management teams assess the suitability of IT tools for use in mass notification systems. The literature on this subject lacks a scientific analysis of the Polish method of the visualisation of the transport system. Therefore, this study will clearly fill this research gap.
TRANSPORT MODE CHOICE AMONG OFF-CAMPUS STUDENTS IN A HILLY ENVIRONMENT: THE CASE OF AIZAWL, INDIA
Authors: SAITLUANGA Benjamin L. , HMANGAIHZELA Lal
Published: October 2022

In recent years, the transport mode choice of students of higher educational institutions has become a subject of increasing interest. Investigating the modal choice of students, who form a considerable section of the population, is crucial for sustainable urban transport planning and understanding the quality of life of students. Reviews of previous studies have indicated that hilly cities in less developed countries are neglected in transportation studies. The present paper investigates the travel behaviour of non-local, off-campus college students in Aizawl – a fast-growing hilly city in northeast India. The study found that transport mode choices are influenced by interrelated factors, including socio-economic background, demographic, availability of transport mode and location of housing. It was also found that walking and public buses are the most preferred modes of commuting among the studied college students. Female students who rent houses near their colleges are more likely to walk than their male counterparts. On the other hand, male students belonging to high-income families tended to travel by private vehicles from their residences, which are located relatively far away from colleges. The study argues for the enhancement of the intake capacity of residential hostels inside the campus to improve the growing transport problem of off-campus students in the city.
EVALUATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIС VARIABLES FOR THE CONSTANTINE TRAMWAY LINE
Authors: HARKAT Imane , NAIT AMAR Nadra , BENRACHI Bouba , GATTUSO Domenico
Published: October 2022

The Constantine tramway line in Algeria has many variables that can be analysed to assess the impact of the line. These variables include social ones, such as the rational supply of transport between different modes of travel, the place of people with reduced mobility in the supply and interior and exterior design. Moreover, the economic variables that are the most dominant in relation to its importance in the development of the economy of the city are the reliability and comfort made to the regularity of the transport time in relation to time savings and intermodality at stopping points. To this end, this article examines these different variables during several commissioning periods in order to determine the impact of the introduction of the tramway line in the Constantine metropolitan area. Its approach is carried out through a field survey, interviews and on-site observations with a population made up of users of different travel modes. The results confirm that the tramway line linking the city of Constantine and the new town of Ali Mendjeli has a strong effect on ridership. On the other hand, its effects seem minimal in terms of rational supply and intermodality between different travel modes. Meanwhile, reliability and regularity are topics that deserve to be explored. The accessibility of people with reduced mobility is considered a primary objective of the tramway system.
Unemployment, total factor productivity, budget deficit, and wage share in South Africa
Authors: Marire Juniours
Published: October 2022

Purpose ― The paper investigated the effect of the interaction of fiscal deficits and total factor productivity (TFP) and fiscal deficits and the wage share on unemployment.
Methods ― The paper applied an autoregressive distributed lag model to South African annual data from 1991-2019.
Findings ― First, increases in fiscal deficits increase unemployment at all levels of TFP and wage share. Second, increases in TFP increase unemployment at different levels of fiscal deficit, but after the global economic recession, the rate of increase in unemployment declined significantly. This means that the interaction of rising TFP and fiscal deficits in South Africa, where the growth regime is profit-led and technology-driven, always results in increasing unemployment. Third, as the wage share increases, unemployment increases, at all levels of fiscal deficits, suggesting that a wage-led growth regime is no panacea to unemployment either.
Implications ― The findings imply that expansionary fiscal policy does not necessarily create an economy that works for all unless active labour market institutions are set up. The findings challenge the notion that the solution to unemployment in South Africa is wage flexibility. Neither do the findings support the idea that following a profit-led growth path is a solution. A balanced mix of the two growth regimes would work.
Originality ― Studies have considered the productivity-enhancing effects of structural fiscal policy, but they have not considered the possible effects of interactions between productivity, fiscal policy and wage shares. The paper addresses the gap by introducing the interactions of TFP and fiscal deficits, as well as the interaction of wage share and fiscal deficits.
Implementasi Cuti PTAT Sebelum Menjalankan Jabatan Tiga Tahun Berdasar Peraturan Jabatan PTAT
Authors: Kamal Mustafa
Published: October 2022

This study examines "Implementation of PPAT Leave Before Running a 3-Year Position Based on PPAT Position Regulations", with the formulation of the problems: first, how PPAT can carry out leave before carrying out its position for 3 years with reasons of urgency. Second, what are the implications for PPAT who cannot carry out their positions continuously. This is a normative juridical research by using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of this study conclude that first, PPAT who submits for leave with reasons of urgency to accommodate basic rights before carrying out their position for 3 years can be carried out based on a discretionary decision with reasons of urgency in the form of an objectively measured urgency. Second, if a PPAT is unable to carry out their obligations by continuously opening an office with a predetermined time, it is better for the PPAT to take leave so as not to violate the PPAT position regulations. The author provides suggestions for the provision of exceptions in the PPAT position regulations regarding urgent circumstances for a PPAT who wishes to take leave before carrying out his position for 3 calendar years
Administrasi Dan Pertanggung Jawaban Notaris Atas Akta Notariil Yang Batal Demi Hukum
Authors: Kharizma Inka Candra
Published: October 2022

The object of this research is "administration and notary accountability for notarial deed which is null and void". There are 2 (two) problem formulations in this study, namely first, what is the administrative form of a notarial deed which is null and void? Second, what is the form of a notary's responsibility for a notarial deed that is null and void? This is an empirical legal research using qualitative data analysis methods. The results of this study conclude that the administrative settlement and the notary's responsibility for the deed which is null and void then is responsible for completing the administrative deed in his office, and is responsible for the completion of the deed even though it is protected from sanctions. The suggestion that the author gives is expected to be a notary in making the deed, because the deed made will affect legal certainty for the parties and the legal actions that are accommodated in the deed
Penerapan Prinsip Kehati-Hatian Pembuatan Akta Kuasa Menjual Dalam Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli Tanah
Authors: Saputra Andi
Published: October 2022

Notary practice has the potential to make the notary a party to a litigation process in the court as found in the case with Decision Number 221/Pdt.G/2019/PN Smn. This research is hence to examine how a Notary can apply the Principle of Prudentiality in the Drafting a Selling Authorization Deed in a Land Sale and Purchase Binding Agreement so as to minimize the Notary being entangled in legal problems related to the deed. This research uses a normative library research method supported by interviews with sources, namely High Court Judges and Notaries in three regencies, namely Bantul, Kulon Progo and Sleman. From the results of the study, it is generally concluded that the principle of prudentiality must be applied by a Notary in making a deed as regulated in Article 16 of Law Number 2 of 2004 concerning the Position of a Notary. The legal implication of negelecting to do so refers to Article 1365 of the Civil Code which is an action against the law and the consequences for the deed that has been made shall be considered null and void, and can be canceled or its power is degraded into a private deed
The Prisayan Formation (Lower and Middle Jurassic) of the Irkutsk Coal Basin: New Data on Litho- and Phytostratigraphy
Authors: Frolov A.O. , Ivantsov S.V. , Afonin I.V. , Mashchuk I.M. , Lyalyuk K.P.
Published: October 2022

—The demand for detailed bio- and lithostratigraphic research of the Prisayan Formation is significant because of the lack of its stratotype section. This leads to confusion about the meaning of the stratigraphic volume of the Prisayan Formation. On the basis of the results of a comprehensive research, a lectostratotype section that covers the whole section of the Prisayan Formation is proposed. The following three subformations are identified in the formation on the basis of lithological criteria: lower (Ust-Balei), middle (Idansk), and upper (Sukhov). Stratigraphic correlation of the Prisayan Formation with the coeval deposits of the West Siberian Plate is carried out. The common development trends of typical units of the flora of the Siberian paleofloral region are revealed in West Siberia and the Irkutsk Basin. The observed tendencies make it possible to compare the beds with Coniopteris murrayana, Sphenobaiera czekanowskiana from the lower subformation with the fossil plant assemblage of the Sharapovo Horizon; the beds with Coniopteris snigirevskiae from the middle subformation with the fossil plant assemblage of the Nadoyakh Horizon; and the beds with Raphaelia diamensis and Phoenicopsis irkutensis with the fossil plant assemblage of the Laidin Horizon of West Siberia. The Prisayan-1 palynoassemblage (PA) from the lower and middle subformations correlate with palynozones 5–7 of West Siberia. The Prisayan-2 PA corresponds to palynozone 8 of West Siberia. The paleobotanical and palynological data suggest that the stratigraphic volume of the Prisayan Formation is the upper Pliensbachian–Aalenian of the Lower–Middle Jurassic. This paper touches upon the history of accumulation of the Prisayan Formation, as well as the evolution of the paleorelief and vegetation.
A Simple Analytical Model for Oil Production from Partially Fractured Reservoirs to Estimate Size of Finite Fracture Networks
Authors: Ozkaya Sait I.
Published: October 2022

Most oil reservoirs are partially fractured, characterized by finite fracture networks (FFNs) in a sea of isolated fractures. It is necessary to determine size and shape of each FFN explicitly for reservoir simulation. FFN size is correlated with fracture connectivity, which is a function of fracture density, length, and angular scatter. Oil production from FFNs exhibits a long-term dual-porosity behavior. The initial fast rate (Phase I) represents depletion of matrix within FFN, and the subsequent gradual decline phase represents radial flow from the matrix outside the FFN perimeter. Thus, FFN size can be calculated from the cumulative oil production from Phase I, taking into account the pore volume, oil compressibility, and pressure decline. It is not always possible to identify the dual-porosity behavior by visual inspection. A mathematical model is needed to estimate FFN size. For this purpose, a set of three fundamental equations are derived for production rate, cumulative production, and pressure as a function of time. The model is a modified and simplified version of material balance equations with easy analytical solution. It is designed for fractured reservoirs with layer-bound fractures. Production is single-phase black oil under depletion drive.

The analytical model was tested on four vertical wells. The unknown parameters such as FFN size, size of well drainage area, and fracture aperture are adjusted until an optimum fit to actual production data is obtained. FFN elliptical shape is estimated from average fracture strike and strike standard deviation. The results are validated by FFN size, fracture length, and aperture measurements from borehole images. The results are approximate but sufficient for preliminary mapping of FFNs with location and size and other critical attributes including fracture drainage area, matrix block size, fracture aperture, and permeability in partially fractured reservoirs.
Molecular Structure: The First and Most Significant Factor in the Precipitation of Asphaltenes
Authors: Hassanzadeh Masoumeh , Abdouss Majid
Published: October 2022

For decades, asphaltene deposits have been one of the most common problems in the oil industry in production, transportation, refining, processes, and storage. To find a solution, researchers have always faced three intertwined challenges of accurate structure determination, properties investigation, and precipitation prediction because asphaltenes in one oil sample are “a spectrum of complex molecular structures with very close masses.” Various models and theories of the inherent self-association of asphaltenes have been presented. All of them confirm the role of the unique molecular structure of asphaltenes as “the initiator” of the precipitation process. The driving factor for self-association is π-π stacking of aromatic rings. Recent advances in molecular dynamics (MD) calculations confirm the results of recent models. After the molecular structure, thermodynamic parameters (P, T, and composition) are the influencing agents on precipitation. Any change in these parameters causes an increase or decrease in the intensity of the precipitation. Due to the greater importance of molecular structure over other parameters, until the great challenge of characterization of asphaltenes is not specific, the validation of sediment prediction models will undoubtedly be accompanied by errors. In this paper, we review essential types of asphaltene self-association models and precipitation prediction methods. As an introduction and emphasis on the understanding of this inherent phenomenon, the weight, molecular structures, analysis methods, and ambiguities are investigated.
Transient Flow in Porous Electrosprays
Authors: Wright Peter , Wirz Richard E
Published: October 2022

Porous ionic electrospray emitters have received significant interest for space propulsion due to their performance and operational simplicity. We have developed a diffusion equation for describing the transient flow response in a porous electrospray emitter, which allows for the prediction of the settling time for flow in the porous emitter. This equation accounts for both the change in liquid storage at exposed pores on the emitter with pressure, and viscous diffusion through Darcy's law. Transient flow solutions are provided for the most common emitter topologies: pillar, cone, and wedge. Transient flow solutions describe the settling time and magnitude of current overshoot from porous electrosprays. Comparing diffusion of pressure to the onset delay model for electrospray emission shows that diffusion is most relevant at higher voltages and when a porous reservoir is used. Accounting for multiple emission sites on the wedge geometry shows that emission sites settle in proportion to emission site spacing to the power -1.74. Applying the diffusion equation to published results shows good agreement between analytical predictions and experimental data.
Agreement between Capillary Refill Time measured at Finger and Earlobe sites in different positions: a pilot prospective study on healthy volunteers
Authors: Via Luigi La , Sanfilippo Filippo , Continella Carlotta , Triolo Tania , Messina Antonio , Robba Chiara , Astuto Marinella , Hernandez Glenn , Noto Alberto
Published: October 2022

Background: Capillary Refill Time (CRT) is a marker of peripheral perfusion usually performed at fingertip; however, its evaluation at other sites/position may be advantageous. Moreover, arm position during CRT assessment has not been fully standardized.
Methods: We performed a pilot prospective observational study in 82 healthy volunteers. CRT was assessed: a) in standard position with participants in semi-recumbent position; b) at 30° forearm elevation, c and d) at earlobe site in semi-recumbent and supine position. Bland-Altman analysis was performed to calculate bias and limits of agreement (LoA). Correlation was investigated with Pearson test.
Results: Standard finger CRT values (1.04 sec [0.80;1.39]) were similar to the earlobe semi-recumbent ones (1.10 sec [0.90;1.26]; p=0.52), with Bias 0.02±0.18 sec (LoA -0.33;0.37); correlation was weak but significant (r=0.28 [0.7;0.47]; p=0.01). Conversely, standard finger CRT was significantly longer than earlobe supine CRT (0.88 sec [0.75;1.06]; p<0.001) with Bias 0.22±0.4 sec (LoA -0.56;1.0), and no correlation (r=0,12 [-0,09;0,33]; p=0.27]. As compared with standard finger CRT, measurement with 30° forearm elevation was significantly longer (1.17 sec [0.93;1.41] p=0.03), with Bias -0.07±0.3 sec (LoA -0.61;0.47) and significant correlation of moderate degree (r=0.67 [0.53;0.77; p<0.001).
Conclusions: In healthy volunteers, the elevation of the forearm significantly prolongs CRT values. CRT measured at the earlobe in semi-recumbent position may represent a valid surrogate when access to the finger is not feasible, whilst earlobe CRT measured in supine position yields different results. Research is needed in critically ill patients to evaluate accuracy and precision at different sites/positions.
Increased aerosol scattering drives recent monsoon rainfall decrease over northern India
Authors: Ying Tong , Li Jing , Jiang Zhongjing , Liu Guanyu , Zhang Zhenyu , Zhang Lu , Dong Yueming
Published: October 2022

The climate effects of atmospheric aerosols remain uncertain. Part of the uncertainty arises from the fact that scattering and absorbing aerosols have distinct or even opposite effects, and thus their relative fraction is critical in determining the overall aerosol climate effect. Here, combining observations and global model simulations, we demonstrate that changes in the fraction of scattering and absorbing aerosols play the major role in driving the monsoon precipitation decrease over northern India, especially the Gangetic Basin, since the 1980s. Increased aerosol scattering, or decreased aerosol absorption, manifested as a significant increase of aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA), causes strong cooling in the lower atmosphere, suppressing vertical convection and thus reducing precipitation. Further analysis of the Couple Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 multi-model-mean historical simulation shows that failing to capture the SSA increase over northern India is likely an important source of the simulated precipitation trend bias in this area.
Genome-Wide Association Analysis Identifies Resistance Loci for Bacterial Blight in Diverse East African Rice Germplasm
Authors: Okello Moses , Ochwo Mildred , Lamo Jimmy , Onaga Geoffrey , Odong Thomas L , Geoffrey Tusiime , Tukamuhabwa Phinehas , Mukasa Settumba B , Peter Wasswa , Ogwal Jonathan , Oliva Ricardo
Published: October 2022

Background: Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae (Xoo), the causal agent of rice bacterial blight disease has been extensively characterized and loci against different races identified. Many rice cultivars have been developed and utilized to combat the disease, however due to rapid evolution of Xoo, a number of resistances have broken-down. The continuous challenge of ever evolving Xoo and breakdown of resistance in cultivated rice varieties makes it even more important to discover new loci to enable sustainable durable deployment of broad-spectrum resistance genes in elite breeding lines. African germplasm can be exploited as reservoirs of useful genetic variation for bacterial blight (BB) resistance. This study was conducted to identify loci associated to BB resistance and new genetic donors for breeding program.
Results: To identify candidate sources of resistance for advancing breeding, we used highly four virulent strains of Xoo (PXO99, MAI1, BAI3 and Xoo3-1) to screen 78 East African accessions by genome-wide association studies. The core genetic base of the diverse accessions exhibited high degree of resistance to the Xoo strains. 50.63% of the accessions were highly resistant to the Philippines strain PX099, while 20.25% were highly susceptible to the virulent West African strain MAI1. Two novel resistant loci significantly associated hotspots were identified using 1901 SNPs. The two hits were located on chromosome 12 (Xa25) and Chr. 6 (Xa7, Xa27, Xa33).
Conclusions: Our finding have identified novel loci that gives a useful basis for more investigation and a wide core genetic pool of high resistance for broad-spectrum resistance genetic improvement.
A Platform for Remote Monitoring of Older Adults: The Value of Heart Rate Variability
Authors: Rodrigues Eujessika , Barbosa Paulo , Carvalho Daniella , Nakagawa Elisa , Fernandes Sabrina , Fernandes Ana Tereza , Garcés Lina , Maciel Álvaro
Published: October 2022

Background: the increasing number of older adults and the inherent disabilities of human aging have been one of the biggest challenges in the health field. Hence, health technologies have been widely explored to improve the quality of life of older adults. In particular, technologies based on heart rate variability (HRV), which measures the decrease of vagal tone and sedentary behaviours in age, could be remotely used in older adults’ care. In turn, this measure has been only made available for clinical testing environments, laboratories, and hospitals. This paper presents a platform named SMH (Senior Mobile Health), which supports the development of a complete system composed of mobile apps deployed in wearables as well as web systems for the remote monitoring of the HRV data of older adults.
Results: we conducted a real-world case study with 89 older adults using the SMH platform and validated the results by comparing them with those provided by a reference clinical tool, the Kubios HRV.
Conclusions: we conclude the SMH platform can aggregate an important value to older adults’ care assisting in rehabilitation processes by health professionals.
Exposure to the Family Wellbeing program and associations with empowerment, health, family and cultural wellbeing outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples: A cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Williamson Leonie Malezer , Baird Leslie , Tsey Komla , Cadet-James Yvonne , Whiteside Mary , Hunt Nadine , Lovett Raymond
Published: October 2022

Background: Empowerment is a concept commonly incorporated into Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and wellbeing programs. The Family Wellbeing Program is an empowerment program developed in partnership with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples that has been widely delivered to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities across Australia for close to 30 years. To date, there has been limited quantitative analysis of how this program may be linked to health and empowerment outcomes.
Methods: Cross sectional analysis of Mayi Kuwayu, the National Study of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Wellbeing, baseline data (n= 9,843). Binary regression models were performed to calculate Prevalence Ratios (PRs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) to examine the association between personal control, life satisfaction, general health, family functioning and cultural wellbeing outcomes for Family Wellbeing participants (n=718) compared to non-participants (n=9,125)
Results: Compared to non-FWB participants, FWB participants are more likely to be female (67.1% versus 58.4%), be aged 35-54 (41.8% versus 32%) and live in a remote area (17.7% versus 10.4%). FWB participants were more likely to have experienced both prison and youth detention Non-FWB (3.5% versus 1.4% of Non-FWB) and reported being removed from their families as children (Stolen) (7.0% versus 4.1% Non-FWB).
Significant associations were observed between FWB participation and a 13% increase in higher family functioning, a 74% increase in higher cultural wellbeing and a 21% in higher levels of local decision making in the local community compared to non-FWB participation. There was also significantly higher reporting of precursory health outcomes amongst the FWB participants such as quitting alcohol (26.4% versus 20.4%), regular exercise (67.7% versus 66.3%), quitting smoking (33.4% versus 31.9%) and educational attainment at the Year 12 level or above (57.8% FWB versus 53.2% in the Non-FWB).
Conclusion: There are significant associations between Family Wellbeing program and higher organisation and community level empowerment outcomes and some precursory health risk factors. Including physical exercise, alcohol use and smoking; and educational attainment among FWB participants compared to non-FWB participants. The results may suggest that community level relational and cultural indicators are highly relevant to an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community empowerment model, while the process of when and how individual or psychological empowerment outcomes occur in such a model needs to be explored further.
Estimation of left ventricular end-diastolic volume by left ventricular arterial coupling and stroke volume: A prospective, observational study
Authors: Hayabuchi Mitsuyo , Matsuki Yuka , Kidoguchi Suhei , Shigemi Kenji
Published: October 2022

Background
Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (Ved) is a major determinant of cardiac preload. However, its use in determination of fluid management is limited by lack of a simple means to measure it noninvasively. This study presents a new noninvasive method that was validated against simultaneously measured Ved by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). The goal of this study was to develop and validate a method to estimate Ved in humans non-invasively from left ventricular arterial coupling (Ees/Ea) and stroke volume (SV).
Methods
Ees/Ea was approximated using four variables that can be measured noninvasively: end-systolic arterial pressure (Pes), diastolic arterial pressure (DBP), pre-ejection period (PEP), and ejection time (ET). A formula to derive Ved (Ved calc) using Ees/Ea was also devised. Ved measured using transthoracic echocardiography (Ved echo) was taken to be the actual value, and Ved calc and Ved echo were compared. The results are shown as mean values ± standard deviation.
Results
The 47 patients were 39 men and 8 women with a mean age of 24 ± 4 years, mean height of 169 ± 7 cm, and mean weight of 65 ± 12 kg. Ved echo was 91 ± 16 ml, and Ved calc was 102 ± 21 ml. There was a significant correlation between Ved echo and Ved calc (R2 = 0.88, p < 0.01). A Bland–Altman plot between Ved echo and Ved calc showed that the bias was − 17.4 ml.
Conclusions
The results suggest that Ved can be measured non-invasively from Ees/Ea and SV.
A meta-analytic cognitive framework of nudge and sludge
Authors: Luo Yu , Li Andrew , Soman Dilip , Zhao Jiaying
Published: October 2022

Public and private institutions worldwide have gained considerable traction in developing interventions to alter people’s behaviors in predictable ways without limiting the freedom of choice or significantly changing the incentive structure. A nudge is designed to facilitate actions by minimizing friction, while a sludge is an intervention that inhibits actions by increasing friction. While the terms nudge and sludge have garnered significant attention, the underlying cognitive mechanisms behind these interventions remain largely unknown. Here, we develop a novel cognitive framework by organizing these interventions along six cognitive processes: attention, perception, memory, effort, intrinsic motivation, and extrinsic motivation. In addition, we conduct a meta-analysis of field experiments (i.e., randomized controlled trials) that contained real behavioral measures (n = 188 papers, k = 188 observations, N = 2,209,334 participants) from 2008 to 2021 to examine the effect size of these interventions targeting each cognitive process. Our findings demonstrate that interventions that change effort are more effective than interventions that change intrinsic motivation to alter behaviors. Nudge and sludge interventions had similar effect sizes. This new meta-analytic framework provides cognitive principles for organizing nudge and sludge with corresponding behavioral impacts. The insights gained from this framework help inform the design and development of future interventions based on cognitive insights.
Denoising and Restoration of Degraded Images Using Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm Based on Mean Absolute Difference (Mad) and Extended Kalman Filter
Authors: Sam B. Baron , Natesan Kanthavelkumaran , Prasanth P. V.
Published: October 2022

ABSTACT
A significant task in image processing is image denoising. Images and videos transmitted across communication channels may contain noise artefacts or other degradations that result from poor communication caused by noisy channels. In these application domains, image restoration has consistently been important to enhance visual quality as well as to increase the performance of subsequent activities, like analysis and interpretation. This study used a variety of imaging techniques, including MRI, CT, and ultrasonic pictures of the human abdomen. The Mean Absolute Difference (MAD) of nearby pixels is used to estimate noisy pixels. The handling window's median of uncorrupted pixels is used to swap out the noisy pixels that were found. By generating the internal covariance matrix with the help of the Extended Kalman Filter and utilising the Gray Wolf Optimization approach for parameter optimization, the recognition is prepared for some variations occurring in the time sequence.
Asynchronous Large-Scale Networks for Spatially Distributed Wireless RF Event Sensors
Authors: Lee Jihun , Lee Ah-Hyoung , Laiwalla Farah , Leung Vincent , Lopez-Gordo Miguel , Larson Lawrence , Nurmikko Arto
Published: October 2022

We describe a wireless RF network for capturing event-driven data from thousands of spatially distributed sensors. As asynchronous devices, each sensor detects events within its local environment. Information acquired by the full network can enable prediction of the time evolution of the system, whether a brain or cardiac circuit in the human body, or an assistive living environment, for example. We develop a communication concept inspired by principles of synaptic information processing in the brain which we mimic by a code-division multiple access strategy in a sparse network. Through extensive simulation, we optimize wireless transmission from ensembles of event-detecting sensors for efficient use of the power and spectrum at low error rates, which is then implemented on-chip to demonstrate the core communication scheme in silico. We also apply the concept to recordings from thirty thousand neurons in the primate cortex, to decode and predict forward state trajectories for hand movement.