bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shielded axially slitted solid rotor design for high‐speed solid rotor induction motors
Authors: Gulbahce Mehmet Onur , Mcguiness Daniel Tunc , Kocabas Derya Ahmet
Published: September 2018

With its simple construction, excellent mechanical and thermal capabilities to withstand stress, solid rotor induction motors (SRIMs) have become widely used in the areas of high‐speed and high‐pressure application fields. In this study, a novel solid rotor structure with slits in axial directions, of which the top of the rotor iron teeth is coated with copper, is presented. The design of the novel construction is discussed in detail and all rotor geometrical design parameters are optimised. The performance of the novel rotor design is compared with that of equivalent axial‐slit and copper‐coated solid rotors. To determine the performances, the systems were simulated by two‐dimensional time stepping finite‐element analysis. In the novel structure, the fundamental flux can penetrate much deeper than that of a smooth‐type induction motor because of the presence of slits. In addition, because of the existence of coating on the top of the teeth, the rotor creates decreased torque ripple resulting in less vibration. The novel rotor design provides a better efficiency with less rotor loss together with a disadvantage of decreased power factor.
Review on the evolution of technology advancements and applications of line‐start synchronous machines
Authors: Ganesan Aswin Uvaraj , Chokkalingam Lenin Natesan
Published: September 2018

Line‐start synchronous machines (LSSMs) emerged as an efficient alternative for induction machines in numerous constant speed applications. This study reviewed evolution, technological advancements, design concepts, optimisation techniques, and possible applications in a comprehensive manner. A case study on the reviewed LSSM has been carried out based on its suitability in agricultural applications in India. Further, the performance comparison and significant advantages between the existing induction machine and LSSM are finally discussed.
Bulk Metal Forming of Additively Manufactured Elements
Authors: Papke Thomas , Junker Daniel , Schmidt Michael , Kolb Tobias , Merklein Marion
Published: September 2018

Current trends in the industry go towards individualised parts in high volume production. Facing the high amount of different parts, efficient processes with a high flexibility are necessary. Within this context, laser-based additive manufacturing of metal parts become more important. These processes enable the production of individual geometries using a variety of metal materials. However, main challenges of this technology are rough surfaces, limited geometric precision and varying material properties. Therefore machining after the additive manufacturing process is a common approach for improving surface quality and geometric accuracy. However, the machining process affects the grain structure at the edges of the part. Using forming instead leads to a deformation of the grains but does not create new interfaces. Furthermore, the material properties can be improved due to work hardening and fibre flow. Within this work, a bulk metal forming process of an additively manufactured element of stainless steel 316L will be analysed. The aim of the investigation is a fundamental understanding of the forming behaviour and the material flow of an additively built metal part compared to the conventionally manufactured material. Therefore mechanical properties of both materials will be identified by upsetting tests. Additionally, fibre flow and Vickers hardness before and after the forming operation are analysed. It is detected that the forming behaviour of the additively manufactured material is strongly influenced by the layer-wise building process.
Investigation of diffusion behavior of carburized sheet metal in hot stamping
Authors: Horn Alexander , Merklein Marion
Published: September 2018

Today’s manufacturing of structural car body parts faces several challenges, like forming accuracy and passenger safety. Besides these two requirements, lightweight design plays an important role. One possibility to fulfill these partially rivalling demands is the application of hot stamped parts. The combination of hot forming and in die quenching reduces not only springback, but also results in tensile strengths of up to 1500 MPa. This makes a simultaneous reduction of sheet thickness and therefore weight reduction possible. Further development enabled a tailored adjustment of mechanical properties, for example by applying different cooling conditions along the parts. One of the biggest issues of these state of the art processes is the formation of a transition zone due to heat transfer. A promising approach to adjust the mechanical properties with a minimized transition zone is the carburization of sheet metal. Therefore, the parts are coated with graphite, heat treated and subsequently quenched. In this work, the time variant process of carbon diffusion is investigated. Sheets with two different thicknesses are carburized and quenched. The resulting mechanical properties are analyzed using uniaxial tensile tests and microhardness measurements. The results are correlated with the carbon content measured by EDX-analysis.
New Device and Technology for High Speed Hydroforming
Authors: Hermes Matthias , Keskin Aynur , Berlinger Christoph
Published: September 2018

In the article a new production device is presented that combines the methodologies of high speed forming with conventional hydroforming. The result is a robust production system that can be easy controlled by the use of standard industrial components. The new system can be used as well for high automated production systems for mass production of small tubular and sheet metal parts as for the flexible manufacturing of workpieces with larger dimensions. The device is in principle a hydraulic driven high speed pressure generator that can be mounted directly on a hydroforming tool. Moreover, an additional drive for the axial feed of the tube is installed. In the paper the idea, the design of the device and the technical data is explained. Furthermore, the results of hydroforming experiments are presented and an overview on the specifications and the advantages of the new process is given. The strain rate is measured for an example workpiece and compared to the theoretical value. A first view on the forming limits is a further important topic of the paper. For the investigated copper tube, the forming limits are extended compared to a quasi-static hydroforming test.
Analysis of deformation characteristics and microstructure variation of thick plate during asymmetric shear rolling
Authors: Zhang Tao , Li Lei , Lu Shihong
Published: September 2018

Aluminium alloy thick plate is widely used in field of aerospace and automobile industry for its light weight, high strength, good corrosion resistance and formability. Hot rolling is the key process of preparation for thick plates, however, the conventional symmetrical rolling process causes large deformation on the surface and small deformation in the central portion of the thick plate, resulting in inhomogeneous deformation, microstructure and property distributions through the thickness direction of the plate. Asynchronous rolling is beneficial for deformation permeation into the central part of thick plate with introduction of strong shear strain due to velocity asymmetry of two work rolls. However, the plate will bend towards the slower roll due to deformation asymmetry at upper and lower surface of the plate and serious bending is bad for multi-pass rolling process. Asymmetrical shear rolling with velocity asymmetry and geometry asymmetry is adopted in this study. Compared to asynchronous rolling, there is a horizontal offset distance of upper roll in outlet direction. A moment will be applied to the plate in the opposite direction of bending towards the slower roll by an offset distance of the slower roll. The comparisons of distributions of equivalent strain, temperature, DRX fraction and average grain size between symmetrical rolling and asymmetrical shear rolling are studied. The effects of velocity asymmetry and offset distance on microstructure variation and microstructure distribution at different positions of the plate are studied. Due to larger velocity of lower work roll, larger equivalent strain and higher temperature appear at lower layer of the plate, which results in higher DRX fraction and finer grain size. The speed ratio contributes greatly to sufficient DRX process and finer grain size; while the ascending offset distance decreases the DRX fraction. Therefore, speed ratio plays significant role in deformation permeation and grain refinement in asymmetrical shear rolling and the offset distance is mainly used to decrease the bending behaviour of the plate. This study can provide guidance to thick plate preparation with good properties in asymmetrical rolling process.
Investigation of a plain ball burnishing process on differently machined Aluminium EN AW 2007 surfaces
Authors: Posdzich Marco , Stöckmann Rico , Morczinek Florian , Putz Matthias
Published: September 2018

Burnishing is an effective chipless finishing process for improving workpiece properties: hardness, vibration resistance and surface quality. The application of this technology is limited to rotationally symmetrical structures of deformable metals. Because of the multiaxial characteristics, the transfer of this force controlled technology on to prismatic shapes requires a comprehensive process development. The main purpose of this paper is the characterization of a plain burnishing process on aluminium EN AW 2007 with a linear moved, spherical diamond tool. The method of design of experiments was used to investigate the influence of different machined surfaces in conjunction with process parameters: burnishing force, burnishing direction, path distance and burnishing speed. FEM simulation was utilized for strain and stress analysis. The experiments show, that unlike the process parameters the initial surface roughness as 3rd order shape deviation does not have a significant influence on the finished surface. Furthermore a completely new surface is created by the process, with properties independent from the initial surface roughness.
Numerical modelling approach for the temperature dependent forming behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Papke Thomas , Graser Matthias , Merklein Marion
Published: September 2018

Titanium alloys offer several beneficial characteristics, such as high specific strength, metallurgical stability at elevated temperature, biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. With regard to these superior properties, Ti-6Al-4V is a commonly used titanium alloy for aerospace components and medical products. The production of parts made of Ti-6Al-4V can be done in various ways. One approach is forming at elevated temperature, which requires a focused design of parts, processes and numerical modelling of the forming process. Essential input parameters for the numerical models are temperature dependent material parameters. Since, the yield stress and Young's modulus of the material decrease significantly at elevated temperature, the forming limits are enhanced. For the characterization of the forming behaviour, uniaxial tensile tests at temperatures from 250 °C to 400 °C have been conducted. The samples are heated by conduction in a thermal-mechanical simulator for the tensile test. However, the resulting inhomogeneous temperature distribution along the longitudinal axis of the specimen is a challenge in order to measure proper material properties. Inhomogeneous temperature distribution leads to varying mechanical properties and temperature dependent forming behaviour. To overcome this issue, simple numerical models based on experimental data are necessary, which allow the estimation of the influence of the inhomogeneous temperature distribution. In this paper, therefore, the temperature distribution and the subsequent tensile test are investigated using electrical-thermal and mechanical numerical simulations of the tensile test at elevated temperature. With the combined approach of experimental tests and numerical simulations, the forming behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V can be modelled.
Effect of initial temper on mechanical properties of creep-aged Al-Cu-Li alloy AA2050
Authors: Li Yong , Yang Yo-Lun , Rong Qi , Shi Zhusheng , Lin Jianguo , Said Rajab
Published: September 2018

The evolution of mechanical properties of a third generation Al-Cu-Li alloy, AA2050, with different initial tempers (T34 and as-quenched (WQ)) during creep-ageing has been investigated and analysed in this study. A set of creep-ageing tests under 150 MPa at 155 °C for up to 24 h was carried out for both initial temper conditions and tensile tests were performed subsequently to acquire the main mechanical properties of the creep-aged alloys, including the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and uniform elongation. Precipitation behaviour of the T34 and WQ AA2050 alloys has been summarised and successfully explains the detailed evolutions of the obtained mechanical properties of the alloy with these two initial tempers during creep-ageing. The results indicate that the T34 alloy can be a better choice for creep age forming (CAF) process compared with WQ alloy, as it provides better yield strength and uniform elongation properties concurrently after creep-ageing. In addition, a work hardening rate analysis has been carried out for all the creep-aged alloys, helping to reveal the detailed dislocation/precipitates interaction mechanisms during plastic deformation in the creep-aged T34 and WQ AA2050 alloys.
Fast Quality Inspection of Micro Cold Formed Parts using Telecentric Digital Holographic Microscopy
Authors: Agour Mostafa , Falldorf Claas , Staar Benjamin , von Freyberg Axel , Fischer Andreas , Lütjen Michael , Bergmann Ralf B.
Published: September 2018

Quality inspection is an integral part of the production process and often part of the quality management agreements between manufacturer and customer. Especially when it comes to safety-relevant parts, i.e. in the automobile or medical industry, often a 100% quality inspection is mandatory. Here, we present a solution comprised of a digital holographic measurement system, as well as fast algorithms for geometric evaluation and surface defect detection that paves the way for the inspection of metallic micro cups in less than a second. By use of a telecentric lens instead of standard microscope objective, we compensate scaling effects and wave field curvature, which distort reconstruction in digital holographic microscopy. Due to limited depth of focus of the microscope objective, depth information from different object layers are then stitched together to yield 3D data of its geometry. The resulting point cloud data is automatically decomposed into simple geometric shapes in order to analyse geometric deviations. Amplitude as well as phase distribution images are then analysed for surface defects. Our approach is demonstrated by inspecting cold formed micro cups. Defects larger than 2 μm lateral resolution and 5 μm depth can be detected.
Kinematics Analysis of Multi-link Mechanism for Miniature Servo Press Based on Matlab
Authors: Lu Xinjian
Published: September 2018

The degree of freedom for a multi-link drive mechanism of a 50kN miniature servo press was calculated. The kinematics equations of the mechanism was established based on the rod group method. The choice or design basis for rod length and some hinge points were proposed. The multi-linkage mechanism’s line segment model was constructed in SolidWorks and a set of design parameters was obtained that met the requirements. The M file of kinematic equations were wrote and calculated in Matlab and the displacement, velocity and acceleration curve of the slider were obtained. Compared with the crank-slider mechanism, the mechanism has the features of quick return, small return speed, slightly smaller speed and larger acceleration near B.D.C. Therefore, the speed and acceleration characteristics of the mechanism were inferior to the crank-slider mechanism in the case of reverse rotation and higher speed.
A Study on Laser Micromachining
Authors: Muhammad Sajjad , Joy Jithin Ambarayil , Jung Dong Won
Published: September 2018

Ultra Violet (UV) pulse are widely used for micromachining in the research and development of Information Technology (IT), Nano Technology (NT), and Bio Technology (BT) products because due to short wavelength of the laser it not only allows micro drilling, micro cutting and micro grooving with high accuracy, but acts also as high penetrating coefficient, which give opportunity for different materials to machined properly. A finite element model considering photo-thermal and photomechanical properties was recommended to study the micro phenomena subject by mechanical pressure impacts and thermal heat transfers during a very short processing time. From the results of this research work, few of dynamic deformation behaviours such as deformation shape, strain, and stress distributions were examine and compare it with the experimental results of previous research work. The results from this comparison will help to know better knowledge about interference of UV laser beam and metal materials.
Development and Application of Lightweight High Strength Organic Materials
Authors: Zhang Yang
Published: September 2018

This paper summarizes the commonly used organic materials with light weight and high strength characteristics, and introduces their types, characteristics, applications and current development status at home and abroad.
Development and Application of Lightweight High-strength Metal Materials
Authors: Pan He
Published: September 2018

This article reviews the performance, alloy composition and the development of advanced lightweight high-strength materials such as high-strength steels, high-strength aluminum alloys, high-strength magnesium alloys, and titanium alloys.
Combined X-ray diffraction and photothermal radiometry methods for in situ analysis of nitriding treatment
Authors: Dong Juan , Epp Jeremy , Lipinski Robin , Sorg Michael , Zoch Hans-Werner , Fischer Andreas
Published: September 2018

Monitoring the nitriding treatment by analyzing directly the components’ surface state during the nitriding treatment is particularly interesting, since it allows a process monitoring and control based on the actual nitriding result. In the present study, two measuring methods are developed and combined with the aim of a direct surface state analysis during the nitriding treatment: the in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) method and the photothermal radiometry. In order to validate the combined application of both methods during a nitriding treatment under controlled atmosphere, an experimental setup including a miniature nitriding furnace was developed. Two alloyed steels AISI 4140 and AISI H13 are treated with varying process atmosphere and nitriding potential leading to varying phase composition in the surface layer. As a result, the photothermal radiometry is shown to be sensitive with respect to the changing surface properties due to the growing compound layers and when porous layers are generated. It has a high potential to serve as surface sensor in industrial processes.
Das okulomotorische System in der Physiotherapie – Die Augen trainieren
Authors: Hoffmann Marisa , Piekartz-Doppelhofer Daniela von
Published: September 2018

Brille, Kontaktlinsen, Lasern – wenn unsere Sicht schlechter wird, sind das die gängigen Lösungen. Training für die Augen und Physiotherapie dagegen kommen eher selten zum Einsatz. Dabei gibt es eine Fülle an Möglichkeiten, unsere Sehorgane mit einfachen Mitteln zu untersuchen und die okulare Funktion zu verbessern.
Der „besondere“ Fall: Spezifische oder unspezifische Rückenschmerzen? – Notwendigkeit eines manualtherapeutischen Screenings
Authors: Beyerlein Claus
Published: September 2018

Der Patient im vorliegenden Fall litt unter permanenten Schmerzen im Rücken und rechten Gesäß mit Ausstrahlung in die Rückseite und den rechten seitlichen
Oberschenkel bis zum Knie. Bereits die Anamnese und körperliche Untersuchung wiesen auf eine mögliche spezifische Schmerzursache hin. Die positiven, wenngleich
überraschenden Ergebnisse einer später durchgeführten Operation bestätigten diese Vermutung.

Das Fallbeispiel verdeutlicht, dass bei Patienten mit spezifischen Rückenschmerzen für eine erfolgreiche Behandlung zum einen eine sorgfältige klinische
Untersuchung sowie eine physiotherapeutische Diagnostik einschließlich eines Screenings auf Red Flags und zum anderen eine möglichst frühzeitige
interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit notwendig ist.
Bedeutung von p16(INK4A) hinsichtlich des Nachweises von HPV-DNA und in der Stratifizierung der tumorspezifischen Mortalität bei 34 Patienten mit invasivem Peniskarzinom in Langzeit-Nachbeobachtung
Authors: Bründl Johannes , Neppl Christina , Hommer Thomas , Otto Wolfgang , Breyer Johannes , Brookman-May Sabine , Weber Florian , Burger Maximilian , May Matthias , Eichelberg Christian
Published: September 2018

Hintergrund Bei etwa jedem dritten Patienten mit einem penilen Plattenepithelkarzinom (PSCC) gilt die Infektion mit Humanen Papillomaviren (HPV) als entscheidender Faktor der Karzinogenese. Erste Daten zur optimierten Risikostratifizierung und Therapie anhand des HPV-Status existieren; somit hat der Nachweis einer HPV-Genese möglicherweise mehr als lediglich eine epidemiologische Dimension. Referenz zur Detektion von HPV ist die aufwendige Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (PCR). Unklar ist, ob Alternativen wie die In-situ-Hybridisierung (ISH) oder verschiedene Surrogatmarker (immunhistochemischer Nachweis einer p16INK4a-Expression, histologischer Subtyp, Tumorinvasionsfront, Koilozytose), zur Bestimmung des HPV-Status ausreichend sind.

Methoden In dieser unizentrischen Studie an 34 Patienten mit PSCC wurden eine Multiplex nested-PCR zur Festlegung des HPV-Status und Genotypisierung der HPV-DNA sowie eine ISH durchgeführt. Diverse histologische Kriterien und p16INK4a wurden durch zentralen Review bestimmt. Der Einfluss verschiedener Kriterien auf die karzinomspezifische Mortalität (CSM) wurde mit Cox-Regressionsmodellen geprüft (FU: 92 Mon.). Ferner erfolgte der Vergleich der diskriminativen Qualitäten verschiedener Tumorinvasionsmuster (u. a. TNM-Klassifikation 7. vs. 8. Auflage) hinsichtlich der CSM-Prädiktion.

Ergebnisse Gemäß PCR-Analyse wiesen 26 % der Patienten HR-HPV auf (n = 9). ISH und die untersuchten histologischen Kriterien zeigten eine unzureichende Vorhersagegenauigkeit des HPV-Status (p > 0,3). p16INK4a erreichte in den Testkriterien Sensitivität, Spezifität, positiv-prädiktiver und negativ-prädiktiver Wert sowie Gesamtübereinstimmung 66,7 %, 84 %, 60 %, 87,5 % bzw. 79,4 % (AUC: 0,753; p = 0,026).

Keines der Untersuchungskriterien (inkl. PCR) korrelierte signifikant mit der CSM. Im Vergleich zur 7. wies die 8. Auflage der pT-Klassifikation eine bessere CSM-Prädiktion auf (C-Indizes 70,2 % vs. 72,9 %). In Addition zur Schwellkörper-Invasion besaß die Urethra-Infiltration keinen eigenständigen prädiktiven Wert. Eine durch uns vorgeschlagene Neu-Gruppierung der Schwellkörper-Invasionsmuster erzielte eine Diskriminationssteigerung bzgl. der CSM (C-Index 77,9 %).

Schlussfolgerung p16INK4a erlaubt – im Gegensatz zur ISH und den untersuchten histologischen Kriterien – eine akzeptable Vorhersage des HPV-Status. Der Nachweis von HPV-DNA inkl. seiner Surrogatmarker hatte keinen Einfluss auf die CSM. Die 8. Auflage der pT-Klassifikation scheint prognostisch sinnvoll, da die urethrale Tumorinvasion keinen eigenständigen Einfluss auf die CSM aufweist.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Polymorphisms and Pregnancy Outcome
Authors: Turgal Mert , Gumruk Fatma , Karaagaoglu Ergun , Beksac Mehmet
Published: September 2018

Introduction Aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms on pregnancy outcome.

Materials and Methods A total of 617 pregnancies of women who were investigated for MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms prior to pregnancy were included in the study. Cases were classified into “homozygous polymorphisms” (Group I), “heterozygous polymorphisms” (Group II), and patients without polymorphisms who functioned as controls (Group III). Patients with polymorphisms were assigned to a specific protocol at least 3 months before becoming pregnant. Administration of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was started very early during pregnancy. The Beksac Obstetrics Index (BOI) was used to estimate the obstetric risk levels for the different groups.

Results We found that the early pregnancy loss (EPL) rate increased as MTHFR polymorphism complexity increased and that the early EPL rate was significantly higher in patients with MTHFR C677T polymorphism compared to patients with MTHFR A1298C polymorphism (p = 0.039). There were significant differences between the previous pregnancies of the patients in the 3 study groups in terms of perinatal complications and EPLs (p = 0.003 and p = 0.019). The BOI decreased as the severity of polymorphisms increased. An association between MTHFR polymorphisms and congenital malformations and chromosomal abnormalities was observed. We could not demonstrate any statistically significant difference between study groups when the 3 groups were compared with regard to the pregnancy outcomes under specific management protocols.

Conclusion MTHFR polymorphisms are potential risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Multimodality Imaging for Navigation in Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgeries
Authors: Xu Yuanzhi , Ni Jiahua , Bi Yunke , Zhang Anke , Xue Yajun , Qi Xiangqian , Lou Meiqing
Published: September 2018

Background and Study Aims Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance image (MRI) data have been widely used to for navigation in various neurosurgical operations. However, delicate intracranial structures cannot be displayed using only one imaging method. Navigation with multimodality imaging was developed to better visualize these structures in glioma removal, but whether it is useful in endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery is unknown. We describe our clinical experience using multimodality imaging for navigation in endoscopic transsphenoidal surgeries.

Material and Methods A total of 134 patients underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery with navigation using multimodality imaging. CT and MR images were fused and processed to optimally visualize anatomical structures of the sphenoidal sinus and tumor.

Results Navigation with multimodality imaging offers a precise display of anatomical structures in the sphenoid sinus as compared with navigation based on either CT or MRI.

Conclusion Navigation with multimodality imaging is capable of providing optimized guidance during endoscopic transsphenoidal surgeries. The fused images allow precise visualization of sphenoidal sinus structures, lesions and tumors. This is valuable for increasing safety in cases of anatomical variations and potentially decreasing the rate of tumor recurrence.
CT-Guided Chemical Thoracic Sympathectomy versus Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection for Palmar Hyperhidrosis
Authors: Yang HongJun , Kang Jianjie , Zhang Shufen , Peng Kairun , Deng Bingmei , Cheng Biao
Published: September 2018

Background The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection versus thoracic sympathectomy for idiopathic palmar hyperhidrosis.

Methods Fifty-one patients with idiopathic palmar hyperhidrosis were treated with either BTX-A injection or thoracic sympathectomy between March 2013 and April 2016. The severity of palmar hyperhidrosis was qualitatively measured via the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS). All patients completed a questionnaire that detailed the time taken for the treatment to work, local or systemic adverse effects, and pre- and post-treatment severity of hyperhidrosis. The efficacy and adverse effects of the two treatments were compared and analyzed.

Results Hyperhidrosis-related quality of life improved quickly and significantly in the BTX-A group (26 patients) and the sympathectomy group (25 patients). Compared with pre-treatment, the HDSS score significantly reduced after treatment in both groups (p < 0.05). All patients in the sympathectomy group had cessation of sweating of the hands after treatment, and this curative effect lasted for 12 months. In contrast, the treatment took more time to work in the BTX-A group, and the curative effect lasted for a much shorter period (3 months). The sympathectomy group had a significantly lesser mean HDSS score than the BTX-A group at 1 week, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months after treatment (p < 0.05). The sympathectomy group experienced more complications than the BTX-A group.

Conclusion For palmar hyperhidrosis, thoracic sympathectomy is more effective and has a longer lasting curative effect than BTX-A injection, but thoracic sympathectomy has more complications.
Cardiothoracic Area Ratio Predicts Lethal Pulmonary Venous Obstruction in Patients with Single Ventricle and Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection
Authors: Emi Misugi , Inamura Noboru
Published: September 2018

Background and Objectives When single ventricle (SV) is complicated with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC), the pulmonary vein obstruction (PVO) occurs at a high rate.

There are some patients who died from the lethal PVO (l-PVO) which needed PVO release dead due to severe desaturation within 24 hours after birth. The purpose of this study was to find a predictive marker for l-PVO during the fetal period.

Methods We enrolled 21 patients diagnosed with SV associated with TAPVC in the antenatal period. Ten patients had supracardiac, five had cardiac, five had infracardiac, and one had mixed TAPVC. We reviewed fetal echocardiography and measured cardiothoracic area ratio (CTAR) and total cardiac dimension (TCD). We divided 21 cases into l-PVO group (6) and non-l-PVO group (15) and compared the fetal echocardiography findings and postnatal prognoses between the groups.

Results CTAR at the final fetal echocardiography was 16 to 29% (median: 21) in the l-PVO group and 22 to 38% (median: 28) in the non-l-PVO group (p = 0.01). TCD/week at the final echocardiography was 0.67 to 1.0 (median: 0.77) in the l-PVO group and 0.78 to 1.2 (median: 0.96) in the non-l-PVO group (p = 0.02).

Conclusion Reduced CTAR in the antenatal period is a good predictor of l-PVO after birth.
Unusual Multiple Brain Abscesses Caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in a Preterm Neonate: Case Report
Authors: Bukhari Elham
Published: September 2018

Neonatal brain abscess is rare. The most common etiologic microorganisms that are responsible for this condition are Citrobacter diversus, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, and other Enterobacteriaceae. Aeromonas hydrophila is a halophilic, gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacillus.It has been reported to cause intestinal and extraintestinal infections and has rarely been reported to cause meningitis at neonatal age. A. hydrophila has not been reported previously to cause brain abscess in neonates. In this report, we describe a case of severe multiple brain abscesses and ventriculitis as complications in meningitis caused by A. hydrophila in a preterm newborn.
Macht zu viel kaufen krank?
Authors: de Zwaan M. , Mueller A.
Published: September 2018

Pathologisches Kaufen ist ein kulturspezifischer Verhaltensexzess, bei dem ohne vernünftige Motivation unnütze Dinge oder Dinge in unnützen Stückzahlen erworben werden, die anschließend kaum oder gar nicht benutzt werden. Das unkontrollierte Kaufverhalten führt zu psychischen, sozialen, beruflichen, finanziellen und mitunter strafrechtlichen Problemen. In klinischen Stichproben wurde eine sehr hohe Komorbidität mit anderen psychiatrischen Erkrankungen beobachtet, v.a. mit Depressionen, Angststörungen, Zwangsstörungen, Substanzabhängigkeit, Binge Eating Störung, zwanghaftem Horten, Persönlichkeitsstörungen und intermittierender explosiver Störung. Aktuell wird die Verhaltenspathologie als n.n.b. Impulskontrollstörung klassifiziert (ICD-10 F63.9). Für störungsspezifische kognitive Verhaltenstherapie liegen erste Wirksamkeitsnachweise vor. Es besteht weiterer Forschungsbedarf hinsichtlich eines störungsspezifischen Ätiologiemodells, der Klassifikation und bezogen auf Behandlungskonzepte. Da neben psychologischen Faktoren auch eine hohe Konsumorientierung und dysfunktionale Einstellungen zum Geld eine Rolle spielen, sollte das Phänomen in interdisziplinären Forschergruppen untersucht werden.
Sport als Therapieoption bei Schizophrenie
Authors: Wobrock T. , Falkai P. , Malchow B.
Published: September 2018

Hintergrund: Obwohl Sport bei psychischen Störungen empfohlen wird, fehlen insbesondere bei der Therapie der Schizophrenie wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen bezüglich der spezifischen Effekte von körperlichem Training. Methodik: In einer ersten randomisierten und kontrollierten Studie unterzogen sich chronisch schizophrene Patienten und gematchte gesunde Kontrollpersonen einem aeroben Ausdauertraining über einen Zeitraum von drei Monaten. Als Kontrollbedingung spielten acht schizophrene Patienten über denselben Zeitraum Tischfußball. Vor und nach der Intervention wurde das Hippokampusvolumen mittels struktureller Magnetresonanztomographie (sMRT) und die neuronale Integrität mittels Protonen-Magnetresonanzspektroskopie (1H-MRS) gemessen. Neuropsychologische und klinische Variablen wurden ebenfalls erhoben. Ergebnisse: Nach dem aeroben Ausdauertraining nahm das relative Hippokampusvolumen bei den schizophrenen Patienten (+12%) wie auch den gesunden Kontrollprobanden (+16%) signifikant zu, in der Tischfußballgruppe hingegen nicht (–1%). Die Volumenzunahme in der Sportgruppe korrelierte mit der Zunahme der körperlichen Fitness, eine Verbesserung des verbalen Kurzzeitgedächtnisses in der kombinierten Gruppe aus schizophrenen Sportlern und Tischfußballspielern mit der Änderung des Hippokampusvolumens. Schlussfolgerung: Die Resultate der beschriebenen Studie zeigen, dass sich sowohl bei gesunden Probanden als auch bei schizophrenen Patienten neuroplastische Effekte im Hippokampus durch Ausdauersport induzieren lassen. Damit scheint individuell austarierter Ausdauersport eine sinnvolle Ergänzung im Therapiekonzept von Schizophrenien darzustellen.
Long-Term Results of Compressive Brace Therapy for Pectus Carinatum
Authors: Moon Duk , Kang Min , Lee Hye , Lee Sungsoo
Published: September 2018

Background Pectus carinatum (PC) is one of the most common types of congenital chest wall deformity. Recently, noninvasive compressive brace therapy has been more frequently used than invasive surgical correction to treat PC. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine the long-term outcome of compressive brace therapy.

Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients with PC who underwent compressive brace therapy between January 2014 and December 2016. All patients underwent a 2-week compression period, in which braces were worn for 20 hours per day, followed by a 6-month maintenance period, in which braces were worn for 12 hours per day. Patient satisfaction was investigated via telephone survey.

Results A total of 320 patients were included in this study. The average age was 13 years, and 280 were males (87.5%). The median follow-up period was 42 months (13–68). Good compliance was observed in 286 patients (89.4%; compliance group). In this group, the initial Haller index significantly increased from 2.20 ± 0.31 to 2.59 ± 0.38 after the 6-month therapy period (p = 0.001). After the 6-month period, 255 patients (89.1%) and 31 patients (12.1%) in the compliance group were very satisfied and satisfied, respectively. Satisfaction at the last follow-up via telephone survey was very satisfied in 250 patients (87.4%) and satisfied in 36 (12.6%). In the compliance group, no patient needed compressive braces again after the therapy period.

Conclusion Given the findings presented in this study, compressive brace therapy appears to be a relatively simple and safe method with good long-term outcome in treating patients with PC.
Tongue-in-Groove Technique for Rhinoplasty: Technical Refinements and Considerations
Authors: Spataro Emily , Most Sam
Published: September 2018

A key concept in successful rhinoplasty surgery is maintaining or increasing tip support, and addressing tip projection and rotation. The tongue-in-groove (TIG) technique is a method to achieve this goal using sutures to create a strong connection between the septum and medial crura to change tip rotation and projection. Criticisms of this method include that it may cause stiffness of the nasal tip and columellar retraction. TIG is routinely used by the authors during anterior septal reconstructions (a modified extracorporeal septoplasty technique), as well as in primary and revision aesthetic and functional rhinoplasties. Through this review, technical aspects of the TIG technique are discussed, as well as how pitfalls of the technique can be avoided, as illustrated by several rhinoplasty patient examples.
Changes in the remuneration system for psychiatric care in Japan
Authors: Ito H.
Published: September 2018

Japan’s psychiatric care is reimbursed according to official prices called “national fee schedule,” which is revised once every 2 years. Fee schedule revisions have had a major influence on medical service providers in Japan, where the rate of private health care institutions is high. The increase of acute beds in inpatient care and the fee schedule for outpatient care have been promoted since the 1990’s. As a result, inpatient care has diverged into acute care units and geriatric units focused primarily on long-term care. In addition, outpatient care services have increased dramatically. Under these circumstances, some key challenges faced by Japan’s psychiatric care include poorly defined catchments areas and how to improve the evaluation of health care quality. Furthermore, the degree to which psychiatric care should assume the responsibility of geriatric care in Japan’s super-aging society remains a topic of debate.
Rationale Therapie von Aggressivität und psychomotorischen Erregungszuständen mit Zuclopenthixol
Authors: Messer T. , Glaser T. , Häßler F.
Published: September 2018

Zuclopenthixol ist ein mittelpotentes Antipsychotikum aus der Reihe der Thioxanthene. Es ist in Deutschland zugelassen für die Behandlung von akuter und chronischer Schizophrenie, Manie, psychomotorischen Erregungszuständen und aggressiven Verhaltensweisen bei Demenz sowie psychomotorischer Erregung bei geistiger Behinderung. In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit wird die Evidenzlage zum Einsatz dieser Substanz bei psychomotorischen Erregungszuständen und Aggressivität dargestellt. Besondere Berücksichtigung finden neuere Daten zur Wirksamkeit von Zuclopenthixol bei der Behandlung auto- und fremdaggressiven Verhaltens von Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung.
Forensische Psychiatrie
Authors: Müller J. L. , Stolpmann G.
Published: September 2018

Die Forensische Psychiatrie ist ein Spezialgebiet der Psychiatrie, das durch vielfältige Bezüge zu anderen wissenschaftlichen Fachbereichen eine fächerübergreifende Disziplin ist und traditionell im Fokus öffentlicher Aufmerksamkeit steht. Dies gilt in besonderem Maße für die Schuldfähigkeits- und Prognosebegutachtung, die hier in den Grundzügen dargestellt werden. Exemplarisch für den klinischen Aspekt der Forensischen Psychiatrie wird der Maßregelvollzug skizziert und im Zusammenhang mit der Sicherungsverwahrung soll das besondere Spannungsverhältnis dargestellt werden, in dem sich die Forensische Psychiatrie durch die von verschiedenen Seiten an sie herangetragenen Erwartungen und Forderungen immer wieder befindet.
Schwerpunkte in der Psychiatrie
Authors: Gutzmann H. , Haupt M.
Published: September 2018

Im Fachgebiet der Psychiatrie hat die Gerontopsychiatrie die medizinische Versorgung der psychisch kranken älteren Menschen zum Gegenstand. Das Krankheitsspektrum ist breit; mit Abstand sind Demenzen und Depressionen am häufigsten; relevante weitere Krankheitsbilder umfassen delirante Zustände, Angststörungen, schizophrene Störungen, Suchterkrankungen und Schlafstörungen. Der Beitrag hebt für ausgewählte Krankheitsbilder die notwendige spezifische gerontopsychiatrische Kompetenz in Diagnostik, Therapie und Versorgungsmanagement hervor. Zudem werden die besonderen gerontopsychiatrischen Versorgungsstrukturen und die aktuelle Versorgungswirklichkeit dargestellt. Den Abschluss bildet eine kurze Erläuterung der Kernstandpunkte der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gerontopsychiatrie und –psychotherapie (DGGPP).
Neuropsychiatrie als Spezialisierung
Authors: Gelderblom H. , Heinz A. , Priller J.
Published: September 2018

Das Gehirn ist nicht teilbar. Es ist das morphologische Substrat neurologischer und psychiatrischer Erkrankungen. Neuere Entwicklungen der Neurowissenschaften erlauben zunehmend, psychische Störungen einem strukturellen oder funktionellen Korrelat im Gehirn zuzuweisen. Die psychiatrischen Manifestationen neurologischer Erkrankungen wie z.B. der Basalganglienerkrankungen oder der Multiplen Sklerose werden zunehmend in ihrer Komplexität erkannt und stellen nicht selten eine therapeutische Herausforderung dar. Auch die Wechselwirkungen zwischen psychischen Störungen und neurologischer Komorbidität bedürfen innovativer Therapieansätze. Im Bereich der Demenzen besteht ein hoher medizinischer Bedarf an Strategien für die Behandlung von Verhaltensstörungen (BPSD). Die Neuropsychiatrie kann in diesen Bereichen einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Forschung und Versorgung leisten. Die Autoren sehen die Aufgabe der Neuropsychiatrie darin, die Trennung der Mutterdisziplinen Psychiatrie und Neurologie zu überbrücken. Anlässlich der DGPPN 2011 möchten wir eine Diskussionsgrundlage für die Etablierung der Neuropsychiatrie als eigenständige medizinische Disziplin liefern und zugleich Vorschläge für Ergänzungen der Ausbildungs- und Weiterbildungskataloge des Faches Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie machen.
Kann Neuropsychologie helfen, Störungen im psychotischen Kontinuum zu differenzieren?
Authors: Watzke S.
Published: September 2018

Auf einem Kontinuum von Schizophrenie zu affektiven Störungen können schizoaffektive Störungen, akute vorübergehende psychotische Störungen und anhaltende wahnhafte Störungen verortet werden. Diese Theorie eines psychotischen Kontinuums wird durch Befunde über genetische, biologische, klinisch-phänomenologische, verlaufsdynamische und prognostische Aspekte insbesondere zu schizoaffektiven Störungen gestützt. Über kognitive Beeinträchtigungen im psychotischen Kontinuum liegt hingegen eine eingeschränkte Studienlage vor. Diese schmale Datenbasis wird präsentiert, zwei eigene Studien zu kognitiven Leistungsmerkmalen bei bipolar schizoaffektiven Störungen und anhaltenden wahnhaften Störungen werden vorgestellt. Neuropsychologische Studien können dazu beitragen, die Annahmen des psychotischen Kontinuums über eine graduelle Zunahme kognitiver Beeinträchtigungen zwischen den Erkrankungsgruppen zu erweitern. Implikationen für die psychiatrische Diagnostik werden diskutiert.
Transkulturelle Kompetenz – Migration, Flucht und Trauma
Authors: Sturm Andrea
Published: September 2018

Durch die Globalisierung begegnen wir im Behandlungsalltag immer öfter Menschen aus anderen Ländern und Kulturen. Unsere Gesellschaft wird beeinflusst von Themen wie Migration und Flucht. In der Physiotherapie kommen Patienten zu uns, zu deren Merkmalen auch traumatische Erfahrungen und ihre Folgen gehören. Das erfordert gewisse Fähigkeiten, die uns helfen, ihr Verhalten besser zu verstehen und eine professionelle Haltung einzunehmen.
Ordering quantum states and channels based on positive Bayesian evidence
Authors: van de Wetering John
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we introduce a new partial order on quantum states that considers which states can be achieved from others by updating on “agreeing” Bayesian evidence. We prove that this order can also be interpreted in terms of minimising worst case distinguishability between states using the concept of quantum max-divergence. This order solves the problem of which states are optimal approximations to their more pure counterparts, and it shows in an explicit way that a proposed quantum analog of Bayes’ rule leads to a Bayesian update that changes the state as little as possible when updating on positive evidence. We prove some structural properties of the order, specifically that the order preserves convex mixtures and tensor products of states and that it is a domain. The uniqueness of the order given these properties is discussed. Finally we extend this order on states to one on quantum channels using the Jamiołkowski isomorphism. This order turns the spaces of unital/non-unital trace-preserving quantum channels into domains that, unlike the regular order on channels, is not trivial for unital trace-preserving channels.
An efficient approach to the quantum dynamics and rates of processes induced by natural incoherent light
Authors: Axelrod Simon , Brumer Paul
Published: September 2018

In many important cases, the rate of excitation of a system embedded in an environment is significantly smaller than the internal system relaxation rates. An important example is that of light-induced processes under natural conditions, in which the system is excited by weak, incoherent (e.g., solar) radiation. Simulating the dynamics on the time scale of the excitation source can thus be computationally intractable. Here we describe a method for obtaining the dynamics of quantum systems without directly solving the master equation. We present an algorithm for the numerical implementation of this method and, as an example, use it to reconstruct the internal conversion dynamics of pyrazine excited by sunlight. Significantly, this approach also allows us to assess the role of quantum coherence on biological time scales, which is a topic of ongoing interest.
Impact ignition and combustion of micron-scale aluminum particles pre-stressed with different quenching rates
Authors: Hill Kevin J. , Tamura Nobumichi , Levitas Valery I. , Pantoya Michelle L.
Published: September 2018

Pre-stressing aluminum (Al) particles by annealing and quenching alters dilatational strain and is linked to increased particle reactivity. The quenching rate associated with pre-stressing is a key parameter affecting the final stress state within the Al particle, with faster quenching rates theoretically favoring a higher, more desirable stress state. Micron scale Al particles are annealed to 573 K, then quenched at different rates (i.e., 200 and 900 K/min), mixed with bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), and the Al + Bi2O3 mixtures are examined under low-velocity, drop-weight impact conditions. Both quenching rates showed increased impact ignition sensitivity (i.e., between 83% and 89% decrease in ignition energy). However, the slower quenching rate showed a 100% increase in pressurization rate compared to untreated particles, while the faster quenching rate showed a 97% increase in peak pressure, indicating that these two quenching rates affect Al particles differently. Surprisingly, synchrotron X-ray diffraction data show that the 200 K/min quenched particles have a higher dilatational strain than the untreated particles or the 900 K/min quenched particles. Results are rationalized with the help of a simple mechanical model that takes into account elastic stresses, creep in the alumina shell, and delamination of shell from the core. The model predicts that Al powder quenched at 200 K/min did not experience delamination. In contrast, Al quenched at 900 K/min did not have creep but does have delamination, and under impact, delamination led to major fracture, greater oxygen access to the core, and significant promotion of reaction. Thus, the increase in quenching rate and shell-core delamination are more important for the increase in Al reactivity than pre-stressing alone.