bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insecticidal effect of garlic essential oil on Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) eggs
Authors: Canazart Daniele Araujo , Daquila Bruno Vinicius , Schneider Larissa Carla Lauer , Silva Camila Vieira da , Gigliolli Adriana Aparecida Sinópolis , Ruvolo-Takasusuki Maria Claudia Colla , Conte Helio
Published: February 2022

Studies have reported the resurgence of insect pests that are resistant to chemical and, more recently, to biological pesticides. Diatraea saccharalis is one of the main pests in sugarcane crops and responsible for large losses in the sugar and alcohol industries. The use of plant extracts including garlic essential oil (Allium sativum) which contains allicin, a compound that interferes with biochemical and physiological factors of target insects is considered an efficient and sustainable alternative for integrated pest management. The objective of this study was to test the toxicity of garlic essential oil on D. saccharalis eggs by analyzing rates of unhatched eggs, changes in external morphology, and esterases profile, enzymes related to insect resistance. For this, 24, 48, and 72-h-old eggs were immersed in 0.1, 0.5, and 1% garlic essential oil solutions for 2 min. Observations on embryonic development were made every 24-h for 72-h. Data on unhatched eggs were collected 288-h after treatments. For the esterases profile, eggs at 24-h after treatment with 1% solution were used. Eggs at 24-h-old, showed the least resistance to bioinsecticide, being that, 24-h after treatments with solutions 0.1, 0.5, and 1%, unhatched rates 80, 91.7, and 89.2%, respectively. The absence of embryos, ruptures, and protrusions on the chorionic region, and partial inhibition of EST-9, 10, and 11 were observed 24-h after the bioassays. These results demonstrate that garlic essential oil affects D. saccharalis eggs, partially inhibiting enzymes related to the insect immune system and can be used as a sustainable alternative for the integrated management of this insect pest.
Atmospheric air quality after pollutant emission in urban area of the municipality of Lages/SC
Authors: Xavier Jordana dos Anjos , Becegato Valter Antonio , Cardoso Débora Cristina Correia , Becegato Vitor Rodolfo , Paulino Alexandre Tadeu
Published: February 2022

The atmospheric air pollution started to become a public health issue in the Industrial Revolution, when the current urbanization system was defined. Chemical species emitted via anthropological activities are capable of acting on people, animals and plants, making air pollution one of the greatest problems in urban areas today. In this sense, the present study aimed to quantify the emissions of CO, CH4, NO, NO2 and SO2 in urban area of the municipality of Lages/SC, comparing their concentrations with control points located in an Environmental Protection Unit. It was verified if the concentrations of CO, NO2 and SO2 are in accordance with the air quality standards, as well as their respective levels (attention, alert or emergency level), as established by the CONAMA Resolution n. 491/2018. The air quality rate was compared with values determined by the CETESB air quality index. All samples were collected and analyzed (at four replicates) using portable measuring instruments. The meteorological influences on the studied pollutants were evaluated in both control and urban areas. The NO2 levels in the study atmospheric air exceeded the values of the quality standard, being considered as very bad air. Overall, there are potential risks for people breathing this type of atmospheric air.
Definição de indicadores para a implantação de consórcios públicos intermunicipais para gestão de resíduos sólidos
Authors: Alves Rodrigo Couto , Silva Neliton Marques da , Marques Evely Laranjeira
Published: February 2022

O estudo teve como objetivo definir indicadores que possibilitarão a análise da viabilidade da implantação de consórcios públicos intermunicipais para a gestão dos resíduos sólidos. Para a definição dos mesmos foi utilizado o Método Delphi com a participação de 67 especialistas de todas as regiões do país. Após a realização prévia de uma seleção de indicadores a partir de estudos bibliográficos, os especialistas foram consultados em duas etapas, sendo aplicado instrumentos da estatística descritiva. Ao término da consulta foram definidos 30 indicadores, divididos em 5 dimensões, sendo: 9 na dimensão técnica, 3 na dimensão econômica, 9 na dimensão ambiental, 5 na dimensão social e 4 na dimensão política. Posteriormente, os indicadores foram aplicados em dois municípios do estado do Amazonas, através encaminhamento de formulário com os gestores municipais. Após obtenção dos dados e aplicados os respectivos pesos, obteve-se um percentual de 82,4,% de necessidade/oportunidade para implantação de um consórcio entre os dois municípios. Contudo, há necessidade de ratificar esse resultado com dados primários e levantamento dos custos relativos.
Análise espacial do uso e cobertura das terras no município de São Gabriel-Bahia, 2007 e 2018
Authors: Abreu Fagne Batista de , Borges Elane Fiúza
Published: February 2022

Em escala Global, as mudanças no uso da terra e na cobertura vegetal estão ocorrendo de forma acelerada. No Brasil, o processo de exploração agropecuária constitui a maior força de alteração no Uso e Cobertura das Terras, realidade não diferente na região semiárida, onde se localiza o município de São Gabriel, área onde foi desenvolvida essa pesquisa, caracterizada por intenso uso dos recursos naturais. Diante disso, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar as mudanças no Uso e Cobertura das Terras no município de São Gabriel entre os anos de 2007 e 2018. Para tanto, algumas etapas foram desenvolvidas, como: construção de um banco de dados em ambiente SIG, dados vetoriais e raster, georeferenciamento de poços tubulares, Processamento Digital de Imagens (PDI), sendo utilizadas imagens de satélite TM/Landsat-5 e OLI/Landsat-8, e realizou-se a classificação supervisionada por região das mesmas, gerando os mapas de Uso e Cobertura das Terras para o período supracitado. Realizou-se trabalho de campo para a validação da classificação com o método da Exatidão Global. Os resultados apontam que a modernização da agricultura de sequeiro alcançou altos índices de produtividade entre as décadas de 1970 e 1980, mas em contrapartida potencializou o desmatamento da vegetação de caatinga e aumentou o solo exposto com estágio avançado de degradação, provocando perca de produtividade nesse setor agrícola. A partir de então, os cultivos irrigados tornam-se frequentes, o que tem levado a um aumento na perfuração de poços tubulares, ampliando as áreas irrigadas. A pesquisa mostrou as mudanças ocorridas entre os anos de 2007 e 2018: aumento de 1,65% da Agricultura Irrigada, e redução da Cobertura Vegetal em -0,8%, e Agropecuária-Solo Exposto em -1,1%. Corpos D’Água, Afloramento Rochoso e Área Construída aumentaram suas áreas em 0,08, 0,1 e 0,25 %, respectivamente. Os trabalhos de campo, conjugados às análises dos dados gerados da classificação das imagens, possibilitaram concluir que a agricultura de sequeiro e a pastagem ainda configuram como sendo o principal meio de alteração da vegetação de caatinga na área de estudo, mostrando que essa supressão da cobertura vegetal ao longo dos anos tende a contribuir com o escoamento superficial das águas e redução da capacidade de infiltração do solo, aumentando os processos erosivos, principalmente nas encostas no vale do Rio Jacaré e no planalto cárstico da Sub-bacia do Baixão de Gabriel, provocando o assoreamento dos canais de drenagem.
Tratamento de esgoto municipal para reúso urbano não potável no semiárido brasileiro
Authors: Barbosa Rodrigo de Andrade , Haandel Adrianus Van , Mayer Mateus Cunha , Santos Silvânia Lucas dos , Lambais George Rodrigues , Cavalcanti Mônica Tejo
Published: February 2022

The Brazilian semiarid region has less water available than its demand, which can affect the development of activities in the urban, industrial and agricultural sectors. In addition, in this region, about 80% of the sanitary sewage is released into the environment without treatment, causing immense negative environmental impacts, mainly due to the degradation of water quality. The city of Campina Grande-PB is considered the â€œcity of innovationâ€, however, until now the collected sewage is treated by a system composed of stabilization ponds, widely used in the Brazilian Semiarid, but the effluent of this type of ponds is not suitable for urban and industrial reuse. This work studied an alternative sewage treatment system for sanitary sewage in the city of Campina grande-PB, aiming to produce water suitable for non-potable urban reuse. The sewage treatment system removed almost 100% of the indicators on faecal contamination and about 90% of the COD. When compared to the parameters of current legislation, the effluent is suitable for urban reuse, and can be used for washing cars, squares, street markets, sidewalks, patios, floors; discharge of toilet; construction; landscaping; garden irrigation; and others. This type of initiative can decrease the use of better quality water resources, increasing water availability for the region's development.
Avaliação de impactos ambientais na APP do Rio Paranaíba e inferências para mitigação
Authors: Amaral Eni Aparecida do , Nascimento Andre Rosalvo Terra , Silva Claudionor Ribeiro da , Oliveira Ana Paula de , Silva Gabriel Rosa da
Published: February 2022

As Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP), por meio da vegetação ripária exercem papel fundamental na rede de drenagem, estabilizando margens, formando corredores ecológicos, protegendo a biodiversidade e os mananciais, e ainda regulando o fluxo de água e nutrientes. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os principais impactos ambientais existentes na área de APP do rio Paranaíba (perímetro urbano), no município de Patos de Minas e apontar inferências para mitigação dos impactos e recuperação ambiental das áreas degradadas. Para isso, foi utilizada a matriz adaptada de Leopold com o intuito de avaliar os impactos ambientais quanto ao seus principais atributos e interferências nos meios físico, biótico e antrópico. Os impactos negativos, de origem antrópica, identificados na APP do rio Paranaíba, mais frequentes foram: erosão / assoreamento, presença de espécies exóticas/invasoras, lançamento de esgoto e disposição de resíduos sólidos. Os fatores que mais impactaram o meio físico, com alta magnitude e alta importância para os aspectos considerados foram: a disposição de resíduos sólidos e o desbaste. Dos impactos observados, aqueles que mais afetaram o meio biótico correspondem ao fogo, presença de espécies exóticas, desbastes e o lançamento de esgoto, com alta magnitude e alta importância para os atributos deste meio. Em relação ao meio antrópico, os impactos com maior relevância em função da alta magnitude e alta importância para todos os atributos analisados para este meio foram: o lançamento de esgoto, ausência de dissipador final eficiente de drenagem urbana e o desbaste. Os resultados encontrados apontam a necessidade de mitigação dos impactos ambientais e recuperação das áreas onde houve maiores evidências de degradação ambiental.
Leaving care in Quebec: The EDJeP Longitudinal Study
Authors: Blanchet Alexandre , Goyette Martin
Published: February 2022

Abstract

This article reports results from the first longitudinal and representative study of a cohort of youth leaving care in Quebec (EDJeP study). Focusing on education and residential stability, we show that youths from youth protection services accumulate important vulnerabilities that make their transition out of youth protection services very challenging. In particular, compared to their peers in the general population, youth leaving care have significant educational delays that complicate their integration into the labor market. Our data suggest that a system that better encourages school perseverance and success would limit these academic delays and promote graduation. We also find that nearly half of the youths from the protection system experienced residential instability in the months following their release from placement and that 20% of them experienced at least one episode of homelessness.  These last elements clearly show the extent of the vulnerability of youth leaving the protection system. We suggest some areas of reflection to improve this situation.
Evaluación de la acción socioeducativa con jóvenes de protección en programas de tránsito a la vida adulta
Authors: Melendro Estefanía Miguel , Rodríguez-Bravo Ana Eva , Rodrigo-Moriche Mª Pilar , Díaz Santiago María José
Published: February 2022

El bagaje actual de investigación sobre dificultades de los y las jóvenes del sistema de protección en su tránsito a la vida adulta es notable y aporta una base científica sólida para el diseño e implementación de políticas y programas que apoyen este proceso. Su dimensión evaluativa, además, ha experimentado un desarrollo significativo en cuanto a la caracterización de los perfiles atendidos y la valoración de los programas y proyectos implementados. En este trabajo se presentan una evaluación de la formación desarrollada desde programas y proyectos de acción socioeducativa. Se ha seguido un enfoque participativo y sistemático, que ha implicado a jóvenes de recursos residenciales, jóvenes en vida independiente y sus educadores de referencia, y una metodología cuantitativa, exploratoria, descriptiva y correlacional. Se han aplicado tres instrumentos: la batería de cuestionarios EVAP (Evaluación de la Autonomía Personal), de los que han sido analizados los datos sociodemográficos básicos, las dimensiones de vida residencial y la situación de jóvenes en el sistema de protección, sus competencias y expectativas; la Escala de Autonomía en el Tránsito a la Vida Adulta y la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff. La muestra incluye a 384 jóvenes entre 17 y 23 años (100 en recursos residenciales y 284 en vida independiente) y 99 educadores. Los resultados reflejan el éxito de los proyectos de tránsito a la vida adulta al formar a los y las jóvenes en habilidades personales y relacionales para incorporarse al mundo adulto, desde un sentimiento de satisfacción vital. Al tiempo, se identifican las dimensiones sobre relaciones familiares y gestión de la vivienda como revisables en sus planteamientos para incrementar la eficacia de las acciones desarrolladas.
La influencia de la preparación para las relaciones socioafectivas en el bienestar psicológico y la autonomía de los jóvenes en el sistema de protección
Authors: Díaz-Esterri Jorge , De-Juanas Oliva Angel , García-Castilla Fco Javier , Goig-Martínez Rosa
Published: February 2022

La preparación para las relaciones socioafectivas ocupa un papel relevante en la intervención con los jóvenes que se encuentran en el sistema de protección. Este artículo presenta resultados de un estudio sobre el efecto que tiene esta intervención en el bienes­tar psicológico sobre este colectivo. Asimismo, se pretende determinar si dicha preparación influye en su autonomía para la vida independiente. Para ello, se utilizó un diseño de investiga­ción cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo en el marco de una investigación de mayor alcance sobre las transiciones de los jóvenes egresados del sistema de protección. El tipo de muestreo fue no probabilístico, determinado por conveniencia. El número de participantes fue de 102 jóvenes varones y mujeres. Se utilizaron la escala de bienestar psicológico y la escala de auto­nomía en el tránsito a la vida adulta (EDATVA). Para el análisis inferencial se aplicó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis. Los resultados evidencian que la preparación percibida por los jóvenes para las relaciones familiares y sociales influye positivamente en el bienestar psicológico y en la autonomía. Estos hallazgos indican la necesidad de aplicar estrategias de intervención socioeducativas dirigidas a la mejora de las relaciones familiares y sociales en este colectivo.
El ámbito educativo de jóvenes que egresan de recursos residenciales de protección en el estado español
Authors: Miguelena Torrado Joana , Dávila Balsera Pauli , Naya Garmendia Luis Maria , Villar Fernández Sergio
Published: February 2022

La educación es una pieza clave para una inserción sociolaboral “exitosa”, más aún para colectivos vulnerables como el formado por jóvenes que egresan del sistema de protección social a la infancia y la adolescencia a los 18 años de edad. El objetivo de este artículo es profundizar en el conocimiento del ámbito educativo de este colectivo en distintas Comunidades Autónomas del Estado Español, así como observar si existen diferencias en relación a distintas variables como el sexo, la edad, la procedencia, el tiempo de estancia bajo la medida de protección o la vivienda y el ámbito formativo de este colectivo. Para ello, se han administrado dos cuestionarios a jóvenes -EVAP4-J1 Y EVAP4-J2 (TABA), uno dirigido a jóvenes egresados que viven en pisos de inserción (N=100) y otros que no están en estos pisos (N=284). Se han realizado análisis descriptivos y de comparación de medias. Los resultados muestran que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en relación a la formación en función del sexo, siendo los chicos quienes estudian mayoritariamente tras egresar del sistema de protección, pero siendo las chicas quienes realizan itinerarios más largos. Asimis­mo, existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en relación a la nacionalidad, la edad, el tiempo de estancia y a la vivienda, siendo los no nacidos en España, los de menor edad y los que viven en un recurso de emancipación o inserción quienes continúan con su itinerario educativo. Los resultados dejan constancia de los desafíos educativos de este colectivo y del reto de las Administraciones.
Justificación y actitudes del estudiantado frente a la violencia en universidades colombianas
Authors: Vázquez-Miraz Pedro , Garcés-Prettel Miguel , Santoya-Montes Yanín
Published: February 2022

La evidencia empírica sobre la violencia en universidades se ha enfocado co­múnmente en identificar conductas de agresión o acoso (bullying) entre estudiantes y en analizarlas en función del género y de variables psicosociales. Esta investigación correlacio­nal-exploratoria aporta desde Colombia, una perspectiva novedosa al identificar actitudes frente a la violencia en contextos universitarios y las razones que dan los alumnos encues­tados para justificarla por asuntos religiosos, académicos, económicos, políticos, étnicos y físicos o sexuales. Se aplicaron dos escalas confiables diligenciadas voluntariamente por 710 jóvenes universitarios colombianos con una edad promedio de 20 años. Los hallazgos indican que la justificación de la violencia en la universidad por razones físico-sexuales, económicas, religiosas, académicas e ideológicas está asociada significativamente con el género y con la actitud de las víctimas de buscar apoyo profesional y tolerar negativamente las conductas violentas sufridas por parte del agresor. Asimismo, los testigos que justificaban la violencia en la universidad tenían una mayor probabilidad de convertirse en cómplices del agresor. Estos resultados evidencian la necesidad de implementar estrategias educativas con un enfoque cognitivo que permita intervenir multidimensionalmente a víctimas, agresores y testigos para lograr resultados más eficaces a la hora de prevenir o reducir conductas violentas entre jó­venes universitarios.
Centros de protección y reeducación de la infancia y adolescencia en Galicia. Análisis longitudinal (1980-2020)
Authors: Verde Diego Carmen , Moraña-Boullosa Alba , González-Rodríguez Rubén , Pastor-Seller Enrique
Published: February 2022

Este artículo presenta un estudio de carácter descriptivo y longitudinal en el que se analiza la evolución de la red de recursos propios del sistema de protección y del de reeducación de Galicia durante las últimas cuatro décadas, así como la panorámica actual.

La metodología empleada para la recogida de datos ha sido la revisión bibliográfica y el análisis documental, en especial usando como fuente el Registro Único de Entidades Presta­doras de Servicios Sociales de la Comunidad Autónoma de Galicia. Los resultados obtenidos identifican y caracterizan todos los recursos existentes en la actualidad en Galicia y apuntan a una ampliación de recursos en los últimos 40 años tendente a la creación de un modelo de atención comunitaria con algunos centros de atención especializada, pero que aún no se ajusta, a fecha de hoy, a los requerimientos exigidos a los centros respecto de las demandas de actuación específicas surgidas durante las últimas décadas tras la aparición de nuevos perfiles de atención (niños/as y adolescentes extranjeros no acompañados, menores de edad denunciados por su núcleo convivencial, adolescentes con problemas de salud mental, ma­ternidades adolescentes, etc.).
Los recursos de apoyo a la transición a la vida adulta de los jóvenes tutelados y extutelados en Andalucía y Cataluña. Un estudio comparado
Authors: Sanz Escutia Clara , Sevillano-Monje Verónica
Published: February 2022

El acompañamiento de los jóvenes tutelados y extutelados en su transición a la vida adulta se considera fundamental para mejorar sus posibilidades de éxito. En España la Ley 26/2015 establece que se deben adoptar medidas para fomentar los procesos de eman­cipación de este colectivo. Dichas medidas se concretan en recursos de apoyo a la transición que gestionan de manera autónoma cada una de las comunidades, siguiendo también las directrices de las leyes autonómicas correspondientes. En este estudio se comparan los re­cursos de apoyo existentes en Andalucía y Cataluña a través de la investigación comparativa. Se han analizado informes, memorias y legislación, entre otros documentos, y se ha contrasta­do la información obtenida a través de 19 entrevistas semiestructuradas a informantes clave. Los resultados muestran que Cataluña se caracteriza por ofrecer a los jóvenes mayor apoyo económico y de vivienda, mientras que Andalucía pone el foco en el acompañamiento a la in­serción sociolaboral. Se plantea la necesidad de revisar las políticas, estrategias y recursos de atención a este colectivo con la finalidad de responder a los diferentes perfiles y necesidades de los jóvenes, así como realizar una recogida sistemática de información para poder aportar evidencias empíricas para la mejora de los recursos.
International standards of the constitutional human right to health care and its consideration in the Constitution of Ukraine
Authors: Shvets Yurii Yur'evich
Published: February 2022

The subject of this research is the analysis of international standards of the human right to health care and possibility of its codification in the Constitution of Ukraine. The author examines the standards of the human right to health in the basic international acts; determines their role in ensuring the implementation of the human right to health care; analyzes their implementation and entrenchment in the Constitution of Ukraine. The article employs the method of analogy and analysis for examination of the full scope of international health legislation and the feasibility of its implementation. It is proven that the level of implementation of international legislation is extremely low despite of all formal efforts. The author formulates recommendations for amending the Constitution of Ukraine that would allow accelerating the vector of changes in legislation for the purpose of protecting citizens.
Relevant issues of information awareness of small and medium-sized businesses in the conditions of the reform of the means of control and supervision
Authors: Churikova Anna Yur'evna
Published: February 2022

This article explores the following aspects: increase in the number of audits of small and medium-sized businesses; information awareness of small and medium-sized businesses about the reform of the means of control and supervision in the Russian Federation; availability of information on mandatory requirements. The year 2019 was transitional, and its results allowed assessing the effectiveness and forecasting the prospects of the reform of control and supervision activity. The scale of the ongoing reform is enormous. However, it remains relevant whether the small and medium-sized businesses are informed about such transformations The scientific novelty consists in tracing the interrelation between dissatisfaction among the representatives of small and medium-sized businesses with the implemented control and supervisory activity and their awareness of the reform in the Russian Federation, as well as the availability of information on mandatory requirements. The conclusion is made on the need to develop and implement the project aimed at informing small and medium-sized businesses about the implementation of the reform of the means of control and supervision in the Russian Federation, as well as the conditions for their operation within the framework of the reform. The author also offers to introduce the system of common register of mandatory requirements and guidelines for their observance in accordance with the type activity on the single web portal with the option of the first-party audit.
Measurement of total neutron cross section of natural lithium at China Spallation Neutron Source Back-n facility
Authors: Zhang Jiang-Lin , Jiang Bing , Chen Yong-Hao , Guo Zi-An , Wang Xiao-He , Jiang Wei , Yi Han , Han Jian-Long , Hu Ji-Feng , Tang Jing-Yu , Chen Jin-Gen , Cai Xiang-Zhou ,   Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China,   Innovative Academy in TMSR Energy System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China,   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
Published: February 2022

Lithium is one of the main materials of fuel carrier salt in molten salt reactors. Its neutron cross section provides an important basic datum for physical design of molten salt reactor core and for evaluating the safety of the core during operation. The total neutron cross sections of natural lithium samples with thickness values of 8.00 mm and 15.0 mm are measured, respectively, in an energy range from 0.4 eV to 20 MeV by using a neutron total cross section spectrometer (NTOX) with the transmission method at the Back-n white neutron source of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS Back-n) with a 76.0 m time-of-flight path. High quality experimental data are obtained, especially in the energy region of keV and below, which supply a significative supplement of the data, thereby providing more abundant and reliable experimental data for nuclear data evaluation of lithium. Additionally, a theoretical analysis is carried out under the guidance of 1/v law and the multilevel R-matrix theory. And the resonance parameters of n+6,7Li reaction around the energy of 260 keV are extracted from the measured data.
Mycoflora and Aflatoxin Producing Fungi from Some Storage Cereal Grains Sold in Darki Market, Wudil Local Government Area, Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: El-Hassan Farida Isah , Agbo Ediga Bede , Umar Sadisu Farouk
Published: February 2022

Aim: The study was aimed at determining the mycoflora and aflatoxin producing fungi in some storage cereals sold at Darki market, Wudil Local Government Area, Kano State. Nigeria.

Study Design: A total of thirty samples (ten samples containing 250g each of maize, millet and wheat) were obtained from storage facilities of traders in different location of Darki, market.

Place and Duration of Study: Storage facilities of Darki market, Wudil, Kano State, between May 2021 and July 2021.

Methodology: Samples were subjected to serial dilution, enumeration of fungal load using pour plate method, inoculation and isolation of fungi using direct plating method, extraction and detection of aflatoxin using thin layer chromatography and molecular analysis using PCR.

Result: Total fungal (mold) count on Potato Dextrose Agar recorded the highest count of 6.5103 in wheat sample 4 (WH4) while the least count of 2.2102 was recorded in wheat sample 6 (WH6). The fungal isolates obtained from this study were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium spp, Mucor spp, and Rhizopus spp. The percentage of occurrence of fungi isolated from the cereal samples was highest in Aspergillus niger (34.43%) and the least (11.48%) was recorded in Mucor spp. Extraction and detection methods revealed a blue fluorescence on the TLC plates indicating the presence of aflatoxin B in the samples. The standard calculated range of Retention factor value was between 0.58 and 0.75. After DNA extraction, the fragment size obtained by PCR reactions with primer pairs ITS1/ITS4 showed 600bp for most of the isolates. All the Aspergillus spp, Fusarium spp. and Rhizopus spp showed positivity for the molecular markers ITS1/ITS4 by having positive bands. Only Mucor spp showed negative results for ITS1/ITS4 primers and showed no band.

Conclusion: This study shows that most of the cereals were contaminated with either one or more molds but within the satisfactory and marginal limits. However, aflatoxin contamination is a threatening issue Hence aflatoxins contamination of crops at harvest conditions should be controlled to some extent by the implementation of good agricultural practices and good storage practices.
Difficulties of Tactile Sensory System Sensory Integration of Children with Down Syndrome
Authors: Salkić Naim , Pašalić Arzija , Mahmutović Jasmina , Krnojelac Lara
Published: February 2022

Sensory integration is the organization of the sense for their use. It is a neuro-biological activity that allows the reception and processing of sensory information, which in large quantity arrive to the brain, at all times. The brain's ability to successfully process tactile information allows the child to feel safe and develop a connection with those around they. Children with Down syndrome may have difficulties of sensory integration. Decreased awareness and attention to tactile stimulation is possible, which leads to a reduction in tactile discrimination and difficult manipulation of objects, or to an increased response to sensory stimuli in the form of tactile defense. The aim of the study is to examine the prevalence of sensory integration of the tactile sensory system of children with Down syndrome, and to determine the statistical significance of differences in relation to children without developmental disabilities. The total sample of respondents (N=30) consisted of two subsamples. The first subsample of respondents (N=15) consisted of children with Down syndrome, and the second subsample of respondents (N=15) consisted of children without developmental disabilities. The measurement instrument „Questionnaire for testing tactile sensory sensitivity“ with 11 variables and offered answers of possible sensory response was applied. The Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon W test at the level of statistical significance of p<0.05 were used to test the statistical significance of the differences between the subsamples of the respondents. The results of the study showed that 66.67% of children with Down syndrome have difficulties with sensory integration of the tactile sensory system. 26.67% of children are hypersensitive and 6.67% are hyposensitive. 33.33% of children with Down syndrome have a mixed type of tactile sensory response. Children with Down syndrome compared to children without developmental disabilities show better results of sensory integration of the tactile sensory system on two variables; „Walking barefoot“ and „Certain types of fabric, seams, labels, belts, cuffs, etc.“. There is a statistically significant difference at the level of p<0.05 between children with Down syndrome and children without developmental disabilities on 5 variables.
Analysis of Business Continuity in Industry Seafood Processed Product Based on Community in Bungin Island, West Nusa Tenggara Province
Authors: . Zulkieflimansyah , Nurjihadi Muhammad , Aprirachman Rozzy , Tryana Ayu Levia , Mandasari Jayanti
Published: February 2022

Aims: This study aims to analyze the sustainability of community-based industrial businesses on Bungin Island, West Nusa Tenggara province, seen from two dimensions, namely the sustainability of the economic dimension and the sustainability of the social dimension.

Place and Duration of Study: The sample of this research is the community of criteria is the Bungin island community which is a member of the industrial community that processes marine products into finished products with a total of 100 respondents. Collecting  data in this study using a questionnaire for survey the community perspective. The answers to each question were measured using a Likert scale. Ordinal data from the Likert scale is transformed using the Method of the Successive Interval approach.

Methodology: The data processing method in this study uses the composite index of each variable of the economic dimension and social dimension.

Results: The results of this study are that from the economic dimension, there are several variables that become obstacles to business continuity, namely access to financial institutions with an index of 0.395 and the constraint from the social dimension is the relatively low level of education of community members with an index of 0.348. While there are several variables that support the sustainability of community-based seafood processing businesses on Bungin Island, namely active members seeking market information (0.72), actively expanding business (0.706), labor availability (0.706) and member welfare (0.89).
Histopathology and Morphometric Characters of Tilapia guineensis as Biomarker to Evaluate Level of Environmental Stress in Badagry and Ojo Creeks, Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Oluwatoyin Joseph Aderinola , Abosede Adu Ayotunde , Victor Kusemiju , Gabriel Olarinde Mekuleyi , Elizabeth Awopetu Oluwapelumi
Published: February 2022

Forty wild adult Tilapia guineensis were sourced from Ojo and Badagry creeks between January and March 2021, to investigate its morphometric character (total length, body weight, standard length, and head depth) and tissues structure (gill, muscle and small intestine) differences. Samples were collected and analysed using standard methods. The results showed no significant difference (P<0.05) between the mean total length, body weight, standard length, and head depth of Tilapia guineensis recorded from both creeks.  Length-weight relationships of T. guineensis obtained from both creeks showed negative allometry(b<3) growth pattern while its condition factor (k) value was more significant than one, which indicated that the fishes are in good condition. Muscle of T.guineensis from Ojo creek showed a severe lesion of muscle bundle, degeneration of muscular bundle and shortening of bundles.  Similarly, the gills structure of T. guineensis from Ojo creek showed severe degeneration, hyperplasia of secondary gill lamellae, and curling of secondary lamellae with unclear water channels. It is also characterized by hypertrophy of lamellae, and there is evidence of partial fusion of lamellae and dilation of gill filament. The observation of none lesion or degenerated tissues of T. guineensis in Badagry creek could suggest that Ojo creek is more subjected to effluents or other environmental stressors than Badagry creek. In conclusion, T. guineensis from Badagry creek is less affected by any environmental contaminants than T. guineensis from Ojo creek. Therefore, a collective effort towards ensuring reduction in direct discharge of untreated effluent or avoidance of another unhygienic usage of the creeks is very pertinent.
Comparative Analysis of Some Selected Citrus Seeds Oil from North Central, Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Sunday John Ibejekwe , Nanbol Ndam Gambo , Thliza Apagu Ngamarju
Published: February 2022

The physicochemical properties of oils from citrus seeds of different species; tangerine (citrus reticulate), sweet orange (citrus sinesis), lime (citrus aurantifolia) and Grape (citrus paradise) were investigated. The seeds of each species were collected from the central zone of plateau state, washed, sun dried for three days and finally crushed with mortar and pestle. One hundred grams (100 g) of each seeds were measured for oil extraction using n-hexane with soxhlet extractor for six hours. The percentage yield and moisture content of each oil extracted from seeds of each species were determined. The physicochemical properties for seeds were also carried out using Wijs method for Iodine value and Titration method for Acid value, Saponification value, Peroxide value and Free Fatty Acids. The results reveals that the moisture content ranges from 2.25 – 4.08 %, percentage yield 30 – 42.20 %, iodine value 78.32 – 98.04 gI2/g, acid value 2.06 – 4.44 %, saponification value 187.38 – 196.06 mgKOH/g, peroxide value 36.52 – 53.57 mEq/kg, free fatty acid 1.41 – 8.74 % and density 0.78 – 0.96 gml-1. The result obtained indicates that oils from these seeds can be used as raw material for the production of cosmetics, soap and domestic cooking.
Isolation of High Amylase-producing Filamentous Fungi from the Caatinga: Standardization of the Culture Conditions and Amylase Activity from Penicillium sp. L1
Authors: Tamires Alves Silva Liliane , Soares de Oliveira Tarcisio Michael Ferreira , Mota Marinho Barbhara , Pasin Thiago Machado , Lee Nelson David , Meira Pires Juliana Rocha de , Benassi Vivian Machado
Published: February 2022

Microbial amylases are commercially available and have almost completely replaced the chemical hydrolysis of starch in various industrial processes. Microbial amylases have a wide range of applications because they are more stable than amylases obtained from plants and animals. This work sought to isolate filamentous fungi from three different samples collected in Janaúba, in the north of the state of Minas Gerais, to select a filamentous fungus that produces amylases, to determine the best cultivation conditions for the selected fungus for amylase production, and to analyze the biochemical characteristics of the enzyme. After collecting the samples for the isolation of filamentous fungi, the macroscopic morphological characteristics of the fungi, the microculture for the determination of the possible genus, and the effect of temperature on fungal growth were determined. The screening of the fungi was performed in a submerged medium to characterize the amylase-producing microorganism through the analysis of the physicochemical parameters of the medium concerning the source of nitrogen, the type of salt solution, and the source of carbon, as well as to optimize the production of amylase. The biochemical characterization of the enzyme was performed. The fungus Penicillium sp. (L1) was selected, and the greatest production of amylase was observed in submerged Carvalho-Peixoto (CP) medium associated with Wesson salts using yeast extract and starch as nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively, at 30 ºC, over seven days. The optimum temperature and pH of the assay were 60 ºC and 5.5, respectively. Thus, the northern region of Minas Gerais was an excellent source for the strains that exhibited a potential for the production of amylase for use in industry, indicating that the fungus Penicillium sp. (L1) and the amylase produced have a relevant potential for biotechnological applications.
Effect of Nitrobenzene Concentrations with Application Methods on Plant Growth and Yield of Cucumber
Authors: Tania Marium , Khatun Khaleda , Mostarin Tahmina , Samad Abdus , Akter Sufia , Malo Kakon , Habiba Umme , Akter Sarmin
Published: February 2022

The experiment was conducted in the Horticultural Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh to investigate the effect of nitrobenzene concentrations with application methods on growth and yield of cucumber. The experiment consisted of two factors viz. i) concentration of nitrobenzene (F0= control, F1= Nitrobenzene @ 500ppm, F2= Nitrobenzene @ 600ppm, F3= Nitrobenzene @ 700ppm), ii) application method (T1= Foliar Application, T2= Soil Application, T3= Combined Application). In case of, different concentrations of nitrobenzene the maximum vine length (175.65 cm) at harvest was found in F2 treatment and minimum (124.44 cm) were found in F0 treatment. Nitrobenzene concentration of 600ppm showed better vine growth than concentration of 500ppm and 700ppm. However, the maximum number branches (12.02), female flower (25.61), fruit per plant (18.22), fruit weight (169.09 gm.) and yield (34.43 t/ha) were recorded from F2 and F3 treatment. The minimum values of the same parameters were observed in F0 treatment or control. The minimum yield (14.71 kg/plot) was found in T2 and maximum yield (16.16 kg/plot) was found in T3 treatment. In the combination of nitrobenzene concentration and application method, the maximum yield (36.90 t/ha) was found in F2T3 treatment and minimum yield (19.90 t/ha) was recorded in F0T3 treatment. The second highest (35.49 t/ha) yield was obtained from F3T3 treatment. The highest benefit cost ratio (2.632) was attained from the treatment combination of F2T3 (nitrobenzene @ 600ppm with combined application) treated plants.
Hospital Acquired Infection among Surgical Patients in a Selected Secondary Level Hospital
Authors: Imtiaz Ahmed , Shahadat Md. Anowar , Hossain Monowar , Khatun Mst. Shahana , Ferdoushi Hasina Mahmuda , Akhter Rafia , Rana Md. Sohel , Hasan Md. Toufic , Al Noman Md. Abdullah
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Hospital-acquired infection is a major global issue for patient safety. Understanding the potential risk factors is important to appreciate the local context. At least 1.2 million people are affected globally by nosocomial infections at any time, the vast majority of these occurring in low-income countries. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and contributing factors of hospital-acquired infections among surgical patients in a selected secondary level hospital.

Methodology: A hospital-based cross-sectional study carried out in a selected secondary level hospital; from October 2019 to December 2019 among 137 respondents. The purposive sampling technique was followed to select the study participants; the interview was taken by using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS program version 23. The level of significance was taken 95% and standard error 5%.

Results: Out of all the patients 83.2% were admitted to Out Patient Department and 16.8% to emergency. Among them, 0.7% of the respondents were found to develop hospital-acquired infection. About 44.5% having infection before admission and more than three visitors visit a patient per day 65.7%. The scanty number of patients had used blood transfusion, urinary catheter for their treatment. The provisional and final diagnosis was almost the same.

Conclusion: Hospital-acquired infections usually only receive public attention when there are epidemics. Although hidden from public attention, HAIs are a very real endemic and on-going problem. Maintaining a safe and hygienic work environment prevents the spread of HAIs.
Anti-ulcer Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Alstonia scholaris Bark: An in vivo and in silico Approach
Authors: Raju M. Ganga , Manisha R. , Reddy V. N. V. L. Suvarchala , Niharika M.
Published: February 2022

Aims: The present research is focused on screening in vivo anti-ulcer activity using pylorus ligation and ethanol induced ulcer model. 

Study Design: Fourty eight rats, randomly divided into eight groups, were used in this study. Bark of Alstonia scholaris were air-dried, ground into fine powder and used in the preparation of an ethanolic extract.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Osmania University, Hyderabad between December 2020 and September 2021.

Methodology: Ethanol related ulcer was induced using 1 mL/kg b.w, p.o. Treated rats received ethanolic extract of Alstonia scholaris at various doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. Ulcer index, % ulcer protection were calculated and histological studies were conducted at 6 hr after pylorous ligation respectively.

Results: Pharmacological estimations were done by means of 200 mg/kg, b.w. and 400 mg/kg, b.w. The total acidity and free acidity were decreased, pH was increased and ulcer index was decreased by Ethanolic extract of Alstonia scholaris (EEAS 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w., p.o.) in pylorus ligation model. Treatment with EEAS (200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. p.o.) has significantly decreased the ulcer index by ethanol induced ulcer model. To appreciate the ligand-binding attraction of the dynamic ingredients of the excerpt, docking trainings were accomplished for natural compounds against protein data bank (PDB) ID: 5A5N, PDB ID: 6Q2T, PDB ID: 7MBX, PDB ID: 2FV5. The results revealed that vanillic acid, venoterpine, loganetin, dibutyl phthalate, guaia-3,9- diene, 3,6-Bis[2-methylphenyl]-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c] pyrrole-1,4- dione, 2H-1-Benzopyran- 2-one,7-acetyl-8-[acetyloxy]-4, n-hexadecanoic acid, stigmasterol, diospyrolide, D- Friedoolean-14-en-3-one, betulin, lupeol acetate, pentanoic acid and standard drug omeprazole had shown highest glide scores with all the selected proteins which indicate a stronger receptor-ligand binding affinity.

Conclusion: From in vivo and in silico results it is evident that ethanolic bark extract of Alstonia scholaris possessed significant anti-ulcer activity.
Geo-spatial Assessment of Soil Quality Index of Alirajpur District of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Yadav T. C. , Tagore G. S. , Padwar Garima , Sahu R. K.
Published: February 2022

Information regarding spatial variability and distribution of soil properties is critical for stakeholders attempting to increase nutrients use efficiency and crop productivity. The soils of Alirajpur district having the bulk density, pH, EC, OC and CaCO3 varied from4.70 to 8.40, 0.03 to 0.90 dSm-1, 0.47 to 12.92 g kg-1 and 5.0 to 115.0 g kg-1 soil, respectively. Available N, P, K and S content in soils of Alirajpur district ranged from 76.0 to 382.0 kg ha-1, 1.34 to 62.13 kg ha-1, 53.52 to 529.85 kg ha-1 and 0.55 to 33.90 mg kg-1 soil, respectively. Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn and B contents in soil varied from 0.03 to 1.98, 0.06 to 3.74, 1.07 to 36.0, 1.34 to 43.0 and 0.03 to 4.76 mg kg-1 soil, respectively. The categories of the soil fertility status were made with respect to N, P, K and S as medium, high, medium and low (M-H-M-L). The 64.71%, 93.01% and 25.37% soil samples were observed to be low in S, Zn and Fe, respectively. The results revealed that none of the samples were tested low in Cu and Mn and these are not a major problem in Alirajpur district. Correlation analyses among the above highly weighted variables were done to remove the redundant variables, accordingly OC and N, Fe and Mn, CaCO3 and Zn were highly correlated, and finally OC, Fe and Zn were retained owing to their high factor loading. The sensitive indicators (Minimum dataset) under the soils of Alirajpur District in descending order of importance as revealed by factor analysis were as follows: OC > Fe > Zn > B > EC > K > MBC.

The sensitive indicators under the soils of Alirajpur district in descending order of importance as revealed by factor analysis were as follows: OC > Fe > Zn > B > EC > K > MBC. This suggests that these indicators may be used in future for characterizing the state of soil conditions of district. Soil quality index rating ranged from 0.22 to 0.31 under the different blocks and 0.22 for district as whole with l parameter soil quality index 0.31 for Alirajpur district.