bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Principles of Moral Economy in Protestantism
Authors:   Kyiv Higher Theological Academy, Chaplynskyi Volodymyr H.
Published: November 2022

Attitudes of a worldview character always live in society. In the worldview of individual persons, we find the cultural characteristics of different peoples, which, in turn, is related to the development of material history, as well as the emergence and organization of certain methods of social production. Beliefs in which the basic meaning of life values is expressed affect the public organization of human economic activity. Cultural foundations shape the behavior of humans in society, and therefore always carry moral norms, that is, moral grounds that constitute the implementation of moral principles in specific forms of human behavior. Moral principles are not limited to the sphere of individual consciousness, they permeate society and organize social life. If we turn to the role of ethical principles of the economic activity of society, then we will get to conduct of this activity related to cultural traditions, ideological attitudes, with the world of motivations and values in general. Morality is the Alpha and Omega of a socially useful economy. Morality determines the worldview. The worldview, in turn, forms the conception of society, in which culture and its component - legal culture, in particular economic culture, crystallizes. Christians pinned their hopes in economic life on the application of moral principles, thus forming the bases of a moral economy. The Christian ideal of the national economy is based on justice. Christians evaluate economic relations by the criterion of service to people. Therefore, the economy is perceived as a phenomenon of spiritual life, as spiritual creativity, providing space place to individual freedom. Here it is necessary to comprehend the ideas, objectives, values and traditions of economic activity from the point of view of Christianity.
Provision of Accounting Services on the Bases of Outsourcing in the Current Conditions
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Romaniv Yevhen M. , Priymak Svitlana V. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Spodaryk Tetiana I. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Published: November 2022

The article explores the main aspects of the introduction and use of accounting on the basis of outsourcing. It is noted that the purpose of the article is to examine and evaluate the current state of accounting services on the basis of outsourcing, as well as to determine the efficiency, feasibility and impact of its application on the activities of enterprises, in particular, in the context of reducing the company’s costs. The concepts of outsourcing and accounting outsourcing, their types, goals and causes are distinguished. Several factors for the selection of outsourcing companies that should be taken into attention when choosing a business entity for conduct of accounting. A separate situation on the calculation of economic efficiency from the use of accounting outsourcing is considered, on the example of the presented enterprise it is proved that its use is efficient and economically substantiated. It is determined that use of accounting outsourcing appears the most optimal for small and medium-sized enterprises. It is noted that outsourcing of accounting services allows not only to focus on a reliable reflection of the facts of economic activity of companies, but also on the rational use of their resources. A number of advantages and disadvantages of accounting at the enterprise for various forms of accounting organization are identified and compared. The article outlines a number of problems faced by a modern enterprise when choosing the use of accounting services on the basis of outsourcing and which slow down the application of outsourcing practice at such enterprises. The financial benefits of a domestic enterprise from the use of outsourcing of accounting services are examined, appropriate generalizations, conclusions and proposals are made. The need for further improvement is substantiated and the prospects for using outsourcing of accounting services in the work of domestic enterprises are determined.
The Conceptual Prerequisites for Enterprise Development: The Government Regulation of Digitalization
Authors:   State University of Telecommunications, Goloborodko Alona Yu.
Published: November 2022

Studying the foreign experience in the development of digitalization on the example of advanced countries is based on two main models: the model of evolutionary development of digitalization based on market competition and the administrative model for regulating the development of digitalization. The author of the study proposed a mixed model, which is a synthesis of a model of evolutionary development of digitalization on the basis of market competition with elements of administrative regulation of this activity. A comprehensive study of the world experience of government regulation of digitalization and the features and prospects of its development allowed the author to form a model of government regulation of Digitalization of Ukraine, which is a systematized, generalized vision of the efficient policy of government regulation of Digitalization in Ukraine. The proposed author’s model of government regulation of Digitalization of Ukraine is an interrelated system of goals, objectives, functions, methods, principles, and infrastructure. To achieve the goal of ensuring sustainable balanced development of digitalization – the government regulation should be aimed at solving a number of tasks: accelerating economic growth and attracting investment; transformation of all spheres of economic activity and business processes on the basis of competitiveness and efficiency; development of innovative technologies, networks, and platforms; creation of digital strategic partnerships; availability and openness of digital technologies; implementation of intellectual capital, transformation of the system of social productivity.
Developing the Approaches to Interpretation of the Concept of «Food Security»
Authors:   Research Centre of Industrial Problems of Development of NAS of Ukraine, Pavlovska Iryna G.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the article is to study and analyze the historical prerequisites for the development of approaches to the interpretation and definition of food security in the XX century and at the beginning of the XXI century. The available approaches to the number and content of historical stages of development of approaches to defining food security are considered. It is concluded that contemporary authors perceive the evolution of the interpretation of food security as a linear process of development, during which additional components are gradually distinguished. Thus the early stages are characterized by an emphasis on the problems of food availability and food self-sufficiency, later, the problem of food stocks and control of world prices is actualized, gradually highlighting the problems of poverty, physical and economic availability of food. And at the last stage, there are questions of nutritional value and food security. As a result of the study, an own periodization is developed, which influences the evolution and development of approaches to the interpretation and definition of «food security», the major publications that influenced the interpretation of this concept are pointed out. The proposed six stages are considered in more detail. It is noted that not all trends are reflected in domestic regulations and at the present are not widely reflected in the works of Ukrainian researchers, which means that Ukraine is currently at the fifth stage of understanding food security and lags behind the world community in terms of plan. It is concluded that the development of approaches to the interpretation and definition of the concept of food security is largely determined by the deepening of the division of labor, the development of commodity-money relations, changes in the standard of living of the population, as well as scientific and technological progress and improvement of methods for collecting and processing statistical information.
HALUK AŞAR, BİYOETİK GEÇMİŞTEN GÜNÜMÜZE, KİMLİK YAYINLARI, KAYSERİ, 2019, s. 225
Authors: KARAOĞLU Yetkin
Published: November 2022

2017 yılında “Canlı-merkezcilik İnsan-merkezcilik İkileminde Biyoetiği Yeniden Düşünmek” başlıklı doktora tezinden kitaplaştırılan söz konusu eser, şuan Erciyes Üniversitesi’nde görev yapmakta olan Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Haluk Aşar tarafından kaleme alınmıştır. Eser, Aralık 2019’da Kayseri’de Kimlik Yayınları’ndan çıkmıştır. Kitap üç ana bölüm, bir sonuç ve ek bölümlerinden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölüm, “Geleneksel Biyoetik ve Eleştirisi”; ikinci bölüm, “İnsan Merkezci Biyoetik”; üçüncü bölüm ise “Canlı Merkezci Biyoetik” ve Sonuç bölümü ise “Sonuç Yerine: Canlı-Merkezci Biyoetik’in Kökeni: Fritz Jahr” başlıklarını taşımaktadır. Yazarın da ifade ettiği üzere sonuç bölümü daha önce Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi’nde Ekim 2019 sayısında yayımlanan “Tıp Etiğinden Biyoetiğe: Fritz Jahr” başlıklı makalesinden büyük oranda faydalanarak oluşturulmuştur. Eserin ayrıca “Biyoetik ve İnsan Hakları Evrensel Bildirgesi” başlığını taşıyan bir de ek bölümü bulunmaktadır. Biyoetik, yapısı itibariyle sadece biyoloji, tıp ve etik alanları ile ilgili olduğu anlaşılsa da tarihi süreci ve kapsamı açısından dini ve inançları da bünyesinde taşımaktadır. Bu sebeple biyoetik belirli bir bilimin inceleme konusu olmaktan uzak olup felsefe ve dini içine alan disiplinlerarası bir konuma sahiptir. Dolayısıyla değerlendirmemiz eserin tanıtımını ve biyoetik din ilişkisi açısından değerlendirilmesini içermektedir.
Modern aspects of immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma
Authors: Vladimirova L. Yu. , Teplyakova M. A. , Popova I. L. , Abramova N. A. , Tikhanovskaya N. M. , Lianova A. A. , Storozhakova A. E. , Ryadinskaya L. A. , Kabanov S. N. , Kalabanova E. A. , Udalenkova I. A. , Trifanov D.
Published: November 2022

Although melanoma is one of the most immunogenic tumors, it has an ability to evade anti-tumor immune responses by exploiting tolerance mechanisms. The most extensively studied checkpoints represent cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein‑4 (CTLA‑4) and programmed cell death protein‑1 (PD‑1). Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), which were broadly applied for melanoma treatment in the past decade, can unleash anti-tumor immune responses and result in melanoma regression. Patients responding to the ICI treatment showed long-lasting remission or disease control status. However, a large group of patients failed to respond to this therapy, indicating the development of resistance mechanisms. Among them are intrinsic tumor properties, the dysfunction of effector cells, and the generation of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). This review discusses achievements of ICI treatment in melanoma, reasons for its failure, and promising approaches for overcoming the resistance. These methods include combinations of different ICI with each other, strategies for neutralizing the immunosuppressive TME and combining ICI with other anti-cancer therapies such as radiation, oncolytic viral, or targeted therapy. New therapeutic approaches targeting other immune checkpoint molecules are also discussed.
Hepatocellular cancer of non-viral etiology: more questions than answers?
Authors: Breder V. V. , Pokataev I. A. , Abdelgafur Omar Ahmed Yousri Mohamed Zak , Avramenko I. V. , Goryainova A. Yu. , Kiselyov N. M.
Published: November 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a public health problem worldwide and is one of the most common and lethal cancers worldwide, the sixth among the most common cancers and the second mortal cancer worldwide. Viral hepatitis is the main risk factor. Growing evidence suggests that the metabolic syndrome, which includes hyperlipidemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, increases the risk of developing HCC. Epidemic of obesity, the proportion of HCC with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the Russian population is 17.4 %. In clinical practice, it is often difficult to identify the leading etiological factor. In a patient with concomitant viral hepatitis, HCC may be associated with alcohol abuse or metabolic disorders. In clinical trials, investigators evaluate the most likely etiology of HCC, and studies analyze subgroup: HBV, HCV, and non-viral etiologies, which include a variety of liver diseases: alcoholic liver disease, NAFLD, autoimmune hepatitis, and others. Differences in the effectiveness of systemic therapy depend on the main etiological factor has been published recently. Pivotal studies of combinations of immuno-oncological drugs have shown mixed results in efficacy. For the combination of atezolizumab with bevacizumab and pembrolizumab with lenvatinib, there was no difference in OS in non-viral subgroups, although the difference was significant for the combination of durvalumab with tremelimumab compared with TKIs from the control group. A multivariate analysis of patient characteristics showed that lenvatinib is an independent prognostic factor for OS, reducing the risk of death by 35 % compared with atezolizumab in combination with bevacizumab in patients with non-viral HCC etiology in the A. Casadei-Gardini study. The same has been proven for the NASH/NAFLD subgroup. Currently, it is difficult to conduct prospective clinical trials to assess the efficacy and safety of treatment depending on the etiology, it is important to focus on data from real-world evidence in order to have guidelines for making decisions regarding the treatment of non-viral HCC.
Pesticide Impact on Human Health
Authors: Sarojmoni Sonowal , Mridusmita Dutta , Himadree Phukon , Gunjan Jain , Monika Jain
Published: November 2022

Use of pesticides have contaminated every ecosystem on the earth since pesticide residues have been reported in water, air, soil, crops, non-target plants and animals. Due to the toxicity, pesticides are potentially hazardous to humans, animals, other organisms, and the environment. Therefore, people who use pesticides or regularly come in contact with them, must understand the relative toxicity, potential health effects, and preventative measures to reduce exposure to the products. Symptoms of pesticide poisoning in human are either topical (develop at the site of pesticide contact) or systemic (occur away from the original point of contact as a result of the pesticide being absorbed into and distributed throughout the body). Common signs and symptoms of acute exposure to active ingredients of insecticide include abdominal pain, diarrhoea, dizziness, excessive salivation and tearing, headache, loss of consciousness, Malaise, muscle twitching and weakness, nausea, nervous system depression, pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression, seizures, sweating, vomiting, coma and death in severe case. Exposure of pesticides may result into fatal diseases like cancers, leukaemia and asthma. The risk of health hazards due to pesticide exposure depends on toxicity of the ingredients and the level of exposure. Additionally, children, pregnant women and aging populations are more sensitive to the effects of pesticides. This review provides an overview on harmful effects of pesticides on human health with reference to routes of human exposure, risks of exposure to human and impact on human health
An innovative additively manufactured implant for mandibular injuries: Design and preparation processes based on simulation model
Authors: Zheng Lingling , Wang Chao , Hu Min , Apicella Antonio , Wang Lizhen , Zhang Ming , Fan Yubo
Published: November 2022

Objective: For mandibular injury, how to utilize 3D implants with novel structures to promote the reconstruction of large mandibular bone defect is the major focus of clinical and basic research. This study proposed a novel 3D titanium lattice-like implant for mandibular injuries based on simulation model, which is designed and optimized by a biomechanical/mechanobiological approach, and the working framework for optimal design and preparation processes of the implant has been validated to tailored to specific patient biomechanical, physiological and clinical requirements.

Methods: This objective has been achieved by matching and assembling different morphologies of a lattice-like implant mimicking cancellous and cortical bone morphologies and properties, namely, an internal spongy trabecular-like structure that can be filled with bone graft materials and an external grid-like structure that can ensure the mechanical bearing capacity. Finite element analysis has been applied to evaluate the stress/strain distribution of the implant and bone graft materials under physiological loading conditions to determine whether and where the implant needs to be optimized. A topological optimization approach was employed to improve biomechanical and mechanobiological properties by adjusting the overall/local structural design of the implant.

Results: The computational results demonstrated that, on average, values of the maximum von-Mises stress in the implant model nodes could be decreased by 43.14% and that the percentage of optimal physiological strains in the bone graft materials can be increased from 35.79 to 93.36% since early regeneration stages. Metal additive manufacturing technology was adopted to prepare the 3D lattice-like implant to verify its feasibility for fabrication. Following the working framework proposed in this study, the well-designed customized implants have both excellent biomechanical and mechanobiological properties, avoiding mechanical failure and providing sufficient biomechanical stimuli to promote new bone regeneration.

Conclusion: This study is expected to provide a scientific and feasible clinical strategy for repairing large injuries of mandibular bone defects by offering new insights into design criteria for regenerative implants.
Cell polarity signalling at the birth of multicellularity: What can we learn from the first animals
Authors: Wright Bree A. , Kvansakul Marc , Schierwater Bernd , Humbert Patrick O.
Published: November 2022

The innovation of multicellularity has driven the unparalleled evolution of animals (Metazoa). But how is a multicellular organism formed and how is its architecture maintained faithfully? The defining properties and rules required for the establishment of the architecture of multicellular organisms include the development of adhesive cell interactions, orientation of division axis, and the ability to reposition daughter cells over long distances. Central to all these properties is the ability to generate asymmetry (polarity), coordinated by a highly conserved set of proteins known as cell polarity regulators. The cell polarity complexes, Scribble, Par and Crumbs, are considered to be a metazoan innovation with apicobasal polarity and adherens junctions both believed to be present in all animals. A better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms regulating cell polarity and tissue architecture should provide key insights into the development and regeneration of all animals including humans. Here we review what is currently known about cell polarity and its control in the most basal metazoans, and how these first examples of multicellular life can inform us about the core mechanisms of tissue organisation and repair, and ultimately diseases of tissue organisation, such as cancer.
Mechanics and regulation of cytokinetic abscission
Authors: Andrade Virginia , Echard Arnaud
Published: November 2022

Cytokinetic abscission leads to the physical cut of the intercellular bridge (ICB) connecting the daughter cells and concludes cell division. In different animal cells, it is well established that the ESCRT-III machinery is responsible for the constriction and scission of the ICB. Here, we review the mechanical context of abscission. We first summarize the evidence that the ICB is initially under high tension and explain why, paradoxically, this can inhibit abscission in epithelial cells by impacting on ESCRT-III assembly. We next detail the different mechanisms that have been recently identified to release ICB tension and trigger abscission. Finally, we discuss whether traction-induced mechanical cell rupture could represent an ancient alternative mechanism of abscission and suggest future research avenues to further understand the role of mechanics in regulating abscission.
Fabrication of anti-icing/de-icing surfaces by femtosecond laser
Authors: Tang Bo-Hao , Wang Qiang , Han Xing-Chen , Zhou Hao , Yan Xiao-Jing , Yu Yi , Han Dong-Dong
Published: November 2022

In this minireview, we comprehensively reviewed recent progress on fabricating anti-icing/de-icing surfaces by femtosecond laser technologies. Typical bioinspired micro-/nano-structures fabrication strategies, superhydrophobic surfaces with anti-icing properties, and photothermal surfaces with de-icing properties are summarized. At last, we discussed challenges and prospects in anti-icing/de-icing surfaces fabricated by femtosecond laser technologies.
The profile and persistence of clinically critical antibiotic resistance genes and human pathogenic bacteria in manure-amended farmland soils
Authors: Zhu Lin , Lian Yulu , Lin Da , Lin Guoping , Wang Meizhen
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Microbial contamination in farmlands is usually underestimated and understudied. Different fertilization times and manure origins might introduce and change the microorganism diversity in farmland soils and thus might influence the abundance and persistence of microbial contamination including antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), human bacterial pathogens (HBPs), and virulence factor genes (VFGs).

Methods

A 0.5-/1.5-year fertilization experiment was performed, and metagenomic sequencing was conducted to quantify microbial contamination. The resistomes of soil samples revealed that ARGs against antibiotics which were extensively used in veterinary medicine as well as clinically critical ARGs (CCARGs) persisted in manure-amended soils. Here the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenemase bla genes, the high-level mobilized colistin resistance gene mcr, the tigecycline resistance gene tet(X), and the vancomycin resistance gene van, all of which can circumvent the defense line of these “last-resort” antibiotics were selected to investigate CCARG pollution in farm environments.

Results

A total of 254 potential HBPs and 2106 VFGs were detected in soil samples. Overall, our results revealed that (1) farmland soils could serve as a reservoir of some important bla, mcr, tet(X), and van gene variants, (2) the diversity and relative abundance of HBPs and VFGs increased significantly with incremental fertilization times and were discrepant among different manureamended soils, and (3) most CCARGs and VFGs coexisted in HBPs.

Disscusion

The results of this study suggested a biological risk of manure in spreading antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity.
“Imagine this smart speaker to have a body”: An analysis of the external appearances and the characteristics that people associate with voice assistants
Authors: Carolus Astrid , Wienrich Carolin
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Modern digital devices, such as conversational agents, simulate human–human interactions to an increasing extent. However, their outward appearance remains distinctly technological. While research revealed that mental representations of technology shape users' expectations and experiences, research on technology sending ambiguous cues is rare.

Methods

To bridge this gap, this study analyzes drawings of the outward appearance participants associate with voice assistants (Amazon Echo or Google Home).

Results

Human beings and (humanoid) robots were the most frequent associations, which were rated to be rather trustworthy, conscientious, agreeable, and intelligent. Drawings of the Amazon Echos and Google Homes differed marginally, but “human,” “robotic,” and “other” associations differed with respect to the ascribed humanness, consciousness, intellect, affinity to technology, and innovation ability.

Discussion

This study aims to further elaborate on the rather unconscious cognitive and emotional processes elicited by technology and discusses the implications of this perspective for developers, users, and researchers.
We are silently paving the way toward human–wildlife coexistence: The role of women in the rural landscapes of southern Andes
Authors: Almuna Rocío , Cortés Josefina , Medina María de los Ángeles , Vargas Solange P.
Published: November 2022

Gender plays an important role in human–wildlife coexistence. Women have their own distinct form of environmental knowledge; women shape attitudes and perceptions related to wildlife and influence the use of natural spaces and the nature of human–wildlife interactions. Being a female farmer or practitioner involved in human–wildlife conflict mitigation poses a variety of obstacles and benefits. The way conservation conflicts are perceived and managed is gendered, and this needs to be taken into account when working with local communities to achieve effective and fluent dialogue, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The existing body of evidence is focused mainly in Africa and Asia and suggests that the sharing of landscapes between humans and wildlife has different implications for men and women with respect to their attitudes toward wildlife and how they are impacted by it. Although extensive research has been done in relation to gender, conservation, and natural resource management, the gender perspective of human–wildlife coexistence is underreported. Feminist political ecology emphasizes that gender differences originate in the need to overcome existing social and political barriers and is highlighting the importance of en-gendering research. In Chile, work in the rural sector poses various challenges, especially for women. Rural landscapes are, in general, dominated by men, with low female participation in decision-making spaces. Nonetheless, this appears to be silently changing. In this perspective, we contrast three undocumented experiences of our work as female researchers and facilitators of human–wildlife coexistence (northern case, central case, and southern case). The aim of this perspective piece is to expose current findings for the role of women in human–wildlife coexistence, contrast these with our reports, and propose future directions.
Cardiac MRI segmentation of the atria based on UU-NET
Authors: Wang Yi , Li Shu-Ting , Huang Jing , Lai Qing-Quan , Guo Yi-Fan , Huang Yin-Hui , Li Yuan-Zhe
Published: November 2022

Background and objective

In today's society, people's work pressure, coupled with irregular diet, lack of exercise and other bad lifestyle, resulting in frequent cardiovascular diseases. Medical imaging has made great progress in modern society, among which the role of MRI in cardiovascular field is self-evident. Based on this research background, how to process cardiac MRI quickly and accurately by computer has been extensively discussed. By comparing and analyzing several traditional image segmentation and deep learning image segmentation, this paper proposes the left and right atria segmentation algorithm of cardiac MRI based on UU-NET network.

Methods

In this paper, an atrial segmentation algorithm for cardiac MRI images in UU-NET network is proposed. Firstly, U-shaped upper and lower sampling modules are constructed by using residual theory, which are used as encoders and decoders of the model. Then, the modules are interconnected to form multiple paths from input to output to increase the information transmission capacity of the model.

Results

The segmentation method based on UU-NET network has achieved good results proposed in this paper, compared with the current mainstream image segmentation algorithm results have been improved to a certain extent. Through the analysis of the experimental results, the image segmentation algorithm based on UU-NET network on the data set, its performance in the verification set and online set is higher than other grid models. The DSC in the verification set is 96.7%, and the DSC in the online set is 96.7%, which is nearly one percentage point higher than the deconvolution neural network model. The hausdorff distance (HD) is 1.2 mm. Compared with other deep learning models, it is significantly improved (about 3 mm error is reduced), and the time is 0.4 min.

Conclusion

The segmentation algorithm based on UU-NET improves the segmentation accuracy obviously compared with other segmentation models. Our technique will be able to help diagnose and treat cardiac complications.
Insight into genetic, biological, and environmental determinants of sexual-dimorphism in type 2 diabetes and glucose-related traits
Authors: Lamri Amel , De Paoli Monica , De Souza Russell , Werstuck Geoff , Anand Sonia , Pigeyre Marie
Published: November 2022

There is growing evidence that sex and gender differences play an important role in risk and pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Men develop T2D earlier than women, even though there is more obesity in young women than men. This difference in T2D prevalence is attenuated after the menopause. However, not all women are equally protected against T2D before the menopause, and gestational diabetes represents an important risk factor for future T2D. Biological mechanisms underlying sex and gender differences on T2D physiopathology are not yet fully understood. Sex hormones affect behavior and biological changes, and can have implications on lifestyle; thus, both sex-specific environmental and biological risk factors interact within a complex network to explain the differences in T2D risk and physiopathology in men and women. In addition, lifetime hormone fluctuations and body changes due to reproductive factors are generally more dramatic in women than men (ovarian cycle, pregnancy, and menopause). Progress in genetic studies and rodent models have significantly advanced our understanding of the biological pathways involved in the physiopathology of T2D. However, evidence of the sex-specific effects on genetic factors involved in T2D is still limited, and this gap of knowledge is even more important when investigating sex-specific differences during the life course. In this narrative review, we will focus on the current state of knowledge on the sex-specific effects of genetic factors associated with T2D over a lifetime, as well as the biological effects of these different hormonal stages on T2D risk. We will also discuss how biological insights from rodent models complement the genetic insights into the sex-dimorphism effects on T2D. Finally, we will suggest future directions to cover the knowledge gaps.
Digital competencies of Peruvian teachers in basic education
Authors: Hurtado-Mazeyra Alejandra , Núñez-Pacheco Rosa , Barreda-Parra Aymé , Guillén-Chávez Evelyn-Paola , Turpo-Gebera Osbaldo
Published: November 2022

Digital teaching competence is directly related to the knowledge, use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). Its use in educational contexts and processes seeks to integrate technology and pedagogy. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the level of Digital Teaching Competencies (DTCs) possessed by basic education (BE) teachers in different Peruvian schools and their comparison by competency area, considering sociodemographic factors. The research responds to a quantitative methodological approach. A non-experimental design of a comparative descriptive type was used, and a non-probabilistic purposeful sampling was applied. A total of 3,142 BE teachers participated in the study, including the educational levels of preschool (0–5 years), primary school (6–11 years), and Secondary school (12–16 years), belonging to public institutions located in rural and urban areas of the province of Arequipa (Peru). The instrument developed in the European Framework of Digital Competence, DigCompEdu Check-In, was applied. This instrument aimed to measure teachers’ level of competence in the digital domain. The main results show that a more significant number of teachers present an Integrator competence level (B1), followed by the Expert level (B2), and the Explorer level (A2). Furthermore, low percentages are observed in the most advanced leadership levels, Leader (C1) and Pioneer (C2), in the use of ICTs. The results obtained suggest implementing new strategies to improve DTCs. Based on critical conceptions, technology constitutes an essential tool for education in the twenty first century.
Trends in hospitalizations and emergency department visits among women with hyperglycemia in pregnancy between 2008 and 2017 in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Jun-Sing , Chin Ming-Chu , Chen Jung-Fu , Huang Chien-Ning , Hwu Chii-Min , Ou Horng-Yih , Yang Yi-Sun , Hsu Chih-Cheng , Wang Chih-Yuan
Published: November 2022

Introduction

We investigated health service utilization, including hospitalizations and emergency department visits, for women with hyperglycemia in pregnancy between 2008 and 2017 in Taiwan.

Methods

Data from the Health and Welfare Data Science Center were used to conduct this nationwide population-based study. We identified pregnant women and the date of childbirth according to Birth Certificate Applications from 2007 to 2018. The study population was divided into four groups: known DM, newly diagnosed DM, GDM, and no DM/GDM. To assess quality of healthcare during the gestation period, trends in 30-day readmission rate, number of emergency department visits/hospitalizations per 100 childbirths, and length of hospital stay from 2008 to 2017 were examined.

Results

A total of 1830511 childbirths and 990569 hospitalizations were identified for analyses. Between 2008 and 2017, women with hyperglycemia in pregnancy (known DM, newly diagnosed DM, and GDM) had a higher rate of hospitalization, a longer length of hospital stay, and higher rates of various maternal and fetal outcomes, compared with women with no DM/GDM. Nevertheless, the differences between women with GDM and those with no DM/GDM in the aforementioned outcome measures were modest. Women with GDM had a modest decrease in the 30-day readmission rate (p for trend 0.046) with no significant difference in the number of emergency department visits during the study period.

Discussion

Our findings provide evidence of the quality of healthcare for women with GDM between 2008 and 2017 in Taiwan.
A nomogram model based on clinical markers for predicting malignancy of ovarian tumors
Authors: Gao Bingsi , Zhao Xingping , Gu Pan , Sun Dan , Liu Xinyi , Li Waixing , Zhang Aiqian , Peng Enuo , Xu Dabao
Published: November 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to build a nomogram based on clinical markers for predicting the malignancy of ovarian tumors (OTs).

Method

A total of 1,268 patients diagnosed with OTs that were surgically removed between October 2017 and May 2019 were enrolled. Clinical markers such as post-menopausal status, body mass index (BMI), serum human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) value, cancer antigen 125 (CA125) value, Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA) index, course of disease, patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) score, ascites, and locations and features of masses were recorded and analyzed (p 0.05). Significant variables were further selected using multivariate logistic regression analysis and were included in the decision curve analysis (DCA) used to assess the value of the nomogram model for predicting OT malignancy.

Result

The significant variables included post-menopausal status, BMI, HE4 value, CA125 value, ROMA index, course of disease, PG-SGA score, ascites, and features and locations of masses (p 0.05). The ROMA index, BMI (≥ 26), unclear/blurred mass boundary (on magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]/computed tomography [CT]), mass detection (on MRI/CT), and mass size and features (on type B ultrasound [BUS]) were screened out for multivariate logistic regression analysis to assess the value of the nomogram model for predicting OT malignant risk (p 0.05). The DCA revealed that the net benefit of the nomogram’s calculation model was superior to that of the CA125 value, HE4 value, and ROMA index for predicting OT malignancy.

Conclusion

We successfully tailored a nomogram model based on selected clinical markers which showed superior prognostic predictive accuracy compared with the use of the CA125, HE4, or ROMA index (that combines both HE and CA125 values) for predicting the malignancy of OT patients.
Identification of potential ferroptosis-related biomarkers and a pharmacological compound in diabetic retinopathy based on machine learning and molecular docking
Authors: Liu Jingying , Li Xiaozhuang , Cheng Yanhua , Liu Kangcheng , Zou Hua , You Zhipeng
Published: November 2022

Background

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a neurovascular disease, is a leading cause of visual loss worldwide and severely affects quality of life. Several studies have shown that ferroptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of DR; however, its molecule mechanism remains incompletely elucidated. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of ferroptosis and explore potential ferroptosis-related gene biomarkers and a pharmacological compound for treating DR.

Methods

Ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the GSE102485 dataset. Functional enrichment analyses were then performed and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to screen candidates of ferroptosis-related hub genes (FRHGs). FRHGs were further screened based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and random forest algorithms, and were then validated with the GSE60436 dataset and previous studies. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve monofactor analysis was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the FRHGs, and immune infiltration analysis was performed. Moreover, the pharmacological compound targeting the FRHGs were verified by molecular docking. Finally, the FRHGs were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis.

Results

The 40 ferroptosis-related DEGs were extracted, and functional enrichment analyses mainly implicated apoptotic signaling, response to oxidative stress, ferroptosis, and lipid and atherosclerosis pathways. By integrating the PPI, LASSO regression, and random forest analyses to screen the FRHGs, and through validation, we identified five FRHGs that performed well in the diagnosis (CAV1, CD44, NOX4, TLR4, and TP53). Immune infiltration analysis revealed that immune microenvironment changes in DR patients may be related to these five FRHGs. Molecular docking also showed that glutathione strongly bound the CAV1 and TLR4 proteins. Finally, the upregulated expression of FRHGs (CD44, NOX4, TLR4, and TP53) was validated by qRT-PCR analysis in human retinal capillary endothelial cells cultured under high-glucose environment.

Conclusions

CAV1, CD44, NOX4, TLR4, and TP53 are potential biomarkers for DR and may be involved in its occurrence and progression by regulating ferroptosis and the immune microenvironment. Further, glutathione exhibits potential therapeutic efficacy on DR by targeting ferroptosis. Our study provides new insights into the ferroptosis-related pathogenesis of DR, as well as its diagnosis and treatment.
Evaluation of physicochemical variability of sustainable aviation fuels
Authors: Oldani Anna L. , Solecki Alexandra E. , Lee Tonghun
Published: November 2022

This study outlines an effort to report on the physicochemical variability of Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF), leveraging data from the FAA Alternative Jet Fuels Test Database (AJFTD). The AJFTD, containing fuel sample records of conventional and sustainable aviation fuels to date, was developed by the PIs through the FAA Center of Excellence (ASCENT). With the development of SAF from various feedstocks and processing methods, new approval processes have been developed to accommodate the changing jet fuel landscape. To control for these differences, approval procedures were designed as each new fuel category came through the development pipeline. However, recent studies have suggested that rather than feedstock or processing method, chemical properties and fuel performance can be accurately judged by considering fuel composition characteristics such as carbon chain length, hydrocarbon class, and branching level. To quantify the variability present in recently approved jet fuels, this paper evaluates physicochemical property variability and provides relevant thermophysical property relations for conventional and alternative jet fuels with a discussion of efforts to streamline approval, reducing the time and cost of bringing new SAF to future markets. Findings from this study show that the variability in the composition and properties of SAF as compared to conventional fuels is small enough such that they still satisfy specification requirements outlined by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D7566 standards for aviation fuels containing synthesized hydrocarbons.
Synergistic relationship of endophyte-nanomaterials to alleviate abiotic stress in plants
Authors: Adeleke Bartholomew Saanu , Akinola Saheed Adekunle , Adedayo Afeez Adesina , Glick Bernard R. , Babalola Olubukola Oluranti
Published: November 2022

Plant responses to abiotic stresses through diverse mechanisms and strategic measures in utilizing nanomaterials have positively impacted crop productivity. Stress can cause membrane depletion, reactive oxygen species formation, cell toxicity and death, and reduction in plant growth. However, nanomaterials can mitigate some of the negative impacts of abiotic stresses and enhance crop yield. Some endophytic microbes can synthesize nanomaterials, which can maintain and enhance plant health and growth via nitrogen fixation, siderophore production, phytohormones synthesis, and enzyme production without any pathological effects. Nanoparticle-synthesizing endophytes also help boost plant biochemical and physiological functions by ameliorating the impact of abiotic stresses. The increase in the use and implementation of nano-growth enhancers from beneficial microbes, such as nano-biofertilizers, nano-pesticides, nano-herbicides, and nano-fungicides are considered safe and eco-friendly in ensuring sustainable agriculture and reduction of agrochemical usage. Promisingly, nanotechnology concepts in agriculture aim to sustain plant health and protect plants from oxidative stresses through the activation of anti-oxidative enzymes. The mechanisms and the use of nanomaterials to relieve abiotic plant stress still require further discussion in the literature. Therefore, this review is focused on endophytic microbes, the induction of abiotic stress tolerance in plants, and the use of nanomaterials to relieve abiotic plant stresses.
Do hospital and rail accessibility have a consistent influence on housing prices? Empirical evidence from China
Authors: Chen Kaida , Lin Hanliang , Cao Fangxiao , Han Yan , You Shuying , Shyr Oliver , Lu Yichen , Huang Xiaodi
Published: November 2022

This study investigates the interaction between the accessibility of various urban public facilities and the price of urban space by analysing the influence of urban hospitals and rail accessibility on housing prices. In recent years, with the development of social civilisation and the influence of COVID-19, people have become increasingly interested in the quality of hospitals in their living environment. This makes medical convenience (hospital accessibility) a crucial element in determining housing prices. At the same time, people regard rail as one of the important means to access hospitals. Therefore, demonstrating the intrinsic value of accessibility to hospitals and rail in residential areas is essential. As a point of reference, this paper presents an empirical analysis of Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China, a city in a developing nation with relatively widespread access to hospitals during a significant rail construction period. The study demonstrates the interaction between hospital and rail accessibility and their moderate influence on housing prices, which is geographically heterogeneous. The study also determines the optimal metric model for assessing geographical interaction based on the significance and stability of the interaction in geographic space. It concludes with a discussion of the findings and social recommendations.
Industrial green technology innovation efficiency of China
Authors: Yao Fengge , Qin Zenan , Wang Xiaomei
Published: November 2022

The industrial green technology innovation of a region is of great significance for promoting the high-quality development of the regional economy and promoting the construction of ecological civilization. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces (except Tibet) in China from 2010 to 2020, this paper uses the Data Envelopment Analysis model adding unexpected output to measure China’s industrial green technology innovation efficiency (IGTIE) under the common Frontier and regional Frontier. The results show that: 1) The industrial green technology innovation efficiency generally shows an upward trend, which is mainly due to technical progress and efficiency improvement. Under the common Frontier, IGTIE has an average annual growth of 6.54%, and under the regional Frontier, IGTIE has an average annual growth of 6.77%. 2) Whether under the common Frontier or the regional Frontier, the central region has obvious advantages in IGTIE compared with the western region and the eastern region. 3) Under the two frontiers, the western region is dominated by efficiency change. Finally, according to the empirical analysis results, specific policy recommendations are put forward for the improvement of China’s future industrial green technology innovation efficiency.
Zanubrutinib plus salvage chemotherapy for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Yuan Xianggui , Li Xian , Huang Yurong , Jin Xueli , Liu Hui , Zhao Aiqi , Zhang Weiping , Qian Wenbin , Liang Yun
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (R/R DLBCL) has poor clinical outcomes when treated with conventional salvage chemotherapy. Monotherapy using zanubrutinib, a selective Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, has achieved modest antitumor effect in R/R DLBCL. Here we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of zanubrutinib plus salvage chemotherapy in R/R DLBCL patients.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed R/R DLBCL patients who were administered with zanubrutinib plus salvage chemotherapy in our center between January, 2019 and December, 2021. Targeted panel sequencing of 11 lymphoma-related genes was performed on 8 patients with poor responses to zanubrutinib-based chemotherapy.

Results

27 R/R DLBCL patients were enrolled. Median age at this study was 59 years (range, 15-72). The best overall response rate (ORR) was 74.1% and complete remission rate was 33.3%. With a median follow-up of 11 months (range, 1-17), the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8.1 months, and the overall survival (OS) was not achieved. The most common grade-3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (70.4%), thrombocytopenia (66.7%), and febrile neutropenia (33.3%). In multivariate analysis, early treatment and overall response after chemotherapy were independent favorable prognostic factors for PFS. Overall response after chemotherapy was an independent favorable factor for OS. Among the 8 patients with poor response to zanubrutinib-based treatment, the majority of patients had NOTCH2 mutations (n=8, 100%) and TP53 mutations (n=7, 87.5%). However, these patients achieved an ORR of 75% at 3 months after CD19-CAR-T cell therapy (including 4 cases of complete remission and 2 cases of partial remission). With a median follow-up of 9 months from CAR-T cell infusion (range, 1-16 months), the median PFS was 14.5 months, and the median OS was not reached.

Conclusion

With high efficacy and manageable tolerability, zanubrutinib plus salvage chemotherapy may be a potential treatment option for R/R DLBCL. CAR-T cell therapy may be a priority strategy for these poor responders to BTKi-based treatment.