bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SMARCB1‐deficient malignant melanocytic uveal tumours: a new neural crest‐derived tumour entity with SMARCB1‐related germline predisposition
Authors: Cyrta Joanna , Masliah‐Planchon Julien , Hoare Owen , Brillet Riwan , Andrianteranagna Mamy , Sohier Pierre , Cardoen Liesbeth , Bouchoucha Yassine , Filser Mathilde , Goncalves Andreia , Caly Martial , Fréneaux Paul , Stefanaki Kalliopi , Pefkianaki Maria , Moschovi Maria , Matet Alexandre , Cassoux Nathalie , Lumbroso‐Le Rouic Livia , Gauthier‐Villars Marion , Stern Marc‐Henri , Vincent‐Salomon Anne , Rodrigues Manuel , Bourdeaut Franck
Published: January 2025

Rhabdoid tumours (RT) are an aggressive malignancy affecting <2‐year‐old infants, characterised by biallelic loss‐of‐function alterations in SWI/SNF‐related BAF chromatin remodelling complex subunit B1 (SMARCB1) in nearly all cases. Germline SMARCB1 alterations are found in ~30% of patients and define the RT Predisposition Syndrome type 1 (RTPS1). Uveal melanoma (UVM), the most common primary intraocular cancer in adults, does not harbour SMARCB1 alterations. We report two cases of a previously undescribed intraocular malignancy that shared some features with UVM and RT, but was also distinct from these entities. Both female patients, aged 23 and 14 years, underwent enucleation, and the tumours were subjected to comprehensive genomic, DNA methylation, and transcriptomic profiling. Pathological examination showed large, amelanotic intraocular tumours with epithelioid features, expressing melanocytic markers [S100P, SOX10, Melan‐A, PMEL (HMB45), TYR] as seen using immunohistochemistry (IHC), but with little or no melanin production. Both tumours harboured biallelic loss‐of‐function SMARCB1 alterations, associated with loss of SMARCB1 (BAF47/INI1) expression on IHC. Their genomic profiles were atypical both for UVM and for RT, and no pathogenic variants were found in other genes tested, including those recurrently altered in UVM. In both patients, a germline SMARCB1 variant was found. However, there was no relevant family history of cancer. Transcriptome and methylome profiling suggested that these tumours were distinct from RT, UVM, and skin melanomas. RNAseq confirmed expression of early and late genes related to melanocytic differentiation. The first patient died of metastatic disease 16 months after diagnosis, the second was disease‐free 10 months after completion of treatment. In summary, we report two cases of a previously undescribed, aggressive SMARCB1‐deficient intraocular malignancy with melanocytic differentiation, which occurs in young patients, is distinct from UVM and RT, and expands the RTPS1 spectrum. © 2025 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Shape memory poly(aryl ether ketone) composites with smart thermal management and graded heat dissipation performances
Authors: Yang Shuai , He Yang , Song Zijian , Wang Sitong , Liu Jiaying , Li Ziyun , Li Yingchun
Published: January 2025

In this paper, a series of shape memory poly(aryl ether ketone)s (PAEKs) with tunable Tg were synthesized, and physically blended to fabricate the quadruple shape memory PAEK materials. Besides, the ultrasonic assisted exfoliated boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) were integrated into PAEK matrix for the preparation of the composites with enhanced mechanical properties, thermal conductivity and dielectric performances. Besides, we used 20 wt% BNNSs/PAEK composite as material matrix to fabricate the smart heat management device, which could automatically switch between “Normal” and “Efficient” heat dissipation mode as the environment temperature changed. Furthermore, through the programming manipulations at different transition temperatures, the smart device performed the graded heat dissipation behaviors due to the intrinsic quadruple shape memory properties of PAEK matrix. Four different working modes, including “Normal”, “Grade I”, “Grade II” and “Grade III” modes, for the increasable heat dissipation efficiency, were automatically switched upon the increasing temperature of external heating source.

Highlights

Designing molecular chains ensured quadruple shape memory behaviors.

Exfoliated BNNSs were integrated for enhanced thermal conductivity.

Increasable heat dissipation efficiency determined four work modes.

Regional and personalized heat dissipation requirements were fulfilled.
Chromosome Numbers and Reproductive Life Cycles in Green Plants: A Phylotranscriptomic Perspective
Authors: Dhakal Rijan R. , Harkess Alex , Wolf Paul G.
Published: January 2025

The strong correlation between reproductive life cycle type and chromosome numbers in green plants has been a long‐standing mystery in evolutionary biology. Within green plants, the derived condition of heterosporous reproduction has emerged from the ancestral condition of homospory in disparate locations on the phylogenetic tree at least 11 times, of which three lineages are extant. In all green plant lineages where heterospory has emerged, there has been a significant downsizing in chromosome numbers. This dynamic has been investigated without clear answers for many decades. In this study, we combine known ideas from existing literature with novel methods, tools, and data to generate fresh insights into an old question. Using gene family evolution models and selection analyses, we identified gene families that have undergone significant expansion, contraction, or selection in heterosporous lineages. Alongside lineage‐specific genomic changes, our results revealed shared genomic changes/trends among heterosporous lineages. We found expansions in gene families related to developmental regulation, signaling pathways, and stress responses across heterosporous groups. Notably, the MATE efflux family showed consistent expansion and evidence of selection in heterosporous lineages, suggesting a potentially conserved role in heterospory evolution. These findings could provide novel avenues to investigate and probe the underlying mechanism that may underpin the association between heterospory and genomic changes. The general importance of chromosome numbers, structure, and sizes in cellular biology notwithstanding, the association between the emergence of heterosporous reproduction and chromosome number reduction/genome downsizing is not fully understood. It remains unclear why there exists an association between aspects of biology at such disparate levels as reproductive life cycles and chromosome numbers/genome size. Exploring and answering this conundrum of evolutionary biology can add to our broader understanding of life sciences and of biology at different levels. Applying the novel tools and methods emerging from ongoing progress in biotechnology and computational sciences presents an opportunity to make new inroads into this long‐standing question.
Baseline Imaging Derived Factors of Response Following [225Ac]Ac‐J591 Therapy in Metastatic Castration‐Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Lesion Level Analysis
Authors: Stangl‐Kremser Judith , Ricaurte‐Fajardo Andres , Huicochea Castellanos Sandra , Martinez‐Fundichely Alexander , Sun Michael , Osborne Joseph R. , Nauseef Jones T. , Tagawa Scott T. , Bander Neil H.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Actinium‐225 labeled prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeted radionuclide therapy has emerged as a potential treatment option in the management of men with metastatic castrate‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). This study investigated molecular imaging‐derived parameters and compared imaging response of lesions categorized by tumor site.

Methods

Men with mCRPC treated with [225Ac]Ac‐J591 from 2017 to 2022 at our center on two prospective trials (NCT03276572 and NCT04506567) with pre‐ and post‐treatment [68Ga]Ga‐PSMA‐11 Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging studies available were included. SUVpeak of the 3 most‐ and 3 least‐avid lesions of the tumor sites were manually assessed. The median change of the SUVpeak from pre‐ to post‐treatment per tumor site was evaluated using the paired Wilcox test. An objective response (OR) in the follow‐up image was defined as complete or partial response using PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST) 1.0.

Results

A total of 46 cases met the criteria for image review; most of them (n = 25, 54.3%) had more than one tumor site category. In total, 445 PSMA PET‐positive lesions were assessed: 220 osseous, 163 nodal, 41 visceral, and 21 prostatic lesions. After treatment with [225Ac]Ac‐J591, absolute SUVpeak values per tumor site declined significantly (p < 0.05) except for prostatic lesions (p = 1). The PERCIST‐OR rate for osseous, nodal, visceral, and prostatic lesions was 53%, 28%, 56%, and 38%, respectively.

Conclusion

[225Ac]Ac‐J591 is an active treatment in men with mCRPC. Tumor distribution patterns may influence treatment response and potentially prognosis. Our findings warrant further validation in a larger cohort but may be considered in treatment planning and trial design.
Transcription factor BbCDR1 regulates the orchestration between conidial formation and maturation in the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana
Authors: Zhang Hui , Mao Ajing , Liu Yu , Fu Yu , Cheng Jiahao , Jin Dan , Fan Yanhua
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana has been widely used for pest biocontrol with conidia serving as the main active agents. Conidial yield and quality are two important characteristics in fungal conidia development, however, the regulatory mechanisms that orchestrate conidial formation and development are not well understood.

RESULTS

In this study, we identified a Zn2Cys6 transcription factor BbCDR1 that inhibits conidial production while promoting conidial maturation. Compared with the wild type, the ΔBbCDR1 mutant exhibited a 1.88‐fold increase in conidial yield but a reduction in conidial quality, including decreased cell wall integrity and trehalose synthesis. The deletion of BbCDR1 also led to reduced conidial germination rates under oxidative, osmotic, conidial wall disruption and UV stresses. Interestingly, ΔBbCDR1 exhibited an increase of fungal virulence with a 12.5% decrease in LT50 compared to the wild type.

CONCLUSIONS

Further analysis revealed that BbCDR1 represses the expression of BbbrlA and activates BbwetA, two components of the central developmental pathway (CDP) that regulate conidial initiation and maturation, respectively. These findings suggest that BbCDR1 plays a crucial role in conidial development and a new target gene for the genetic engineering of highly active fungal insecticides. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Investigation of the Potency of KALA and REV Cell‐Penetrating Peptides for In Vitro/In Vivo Delivery of an HPV Multiepitope DNA Construct
Authors: Feyzyab Haleh , Milani Alireza , Agi Elnaz , Hashemi Mehrdad , Bolhassani Azam
Published: January 2025

Developing human papillomavirus (HPV) therapeutic DNA vaccines requires an effective delivery system, such as cell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs). In the current study, the multiepitope DNA constructs harboring the immunogenic and conserved epitopes of the L1, L2, and E7 proteins of HPV16/18 (pcDNA‐L1‐L2‐E7 and pEGFP‐L1‐L2‐E7) were delivered using KALA and REV CPPs with different properties in vitro and in vivo. Herein, after confirmation of the REV/DNA and KALA/DNA complexes, their stability was investigated against DNase I and serum protease. Then, their entry into HEK‐293T eukaryotic cells was analyzed by qualitative and quantitative methods. Finally, anti‐tumor effects of the peptide/DNA complexes were investigated in the C57BL/6 mouse model. Based on the obtained data, the REV/DNA and KALA/DNA complexes at the N/P ratio of 5:1 demonstrated successful penetration into HEK‐293T cells. Furthermore, in vivo studies represented that the REV/DNA (survival rate: 75%) and KALA/DNA (survival rate: 50%) complexes provided significant protection against C3 tumors in mice. Indeed, REV CPP exhibited a higher survival rate and lower tumor volume than KALA CPP, 50 days after the C3 challenge. These findings represented the potential of KALA and REV CPPs, especially REV, as promising gene delivery systems for developing HPV therapeutic DNA vaccine candidates.
Deciphering Potent Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase‐1B Inhibitors Through In silico Molecular Docking, MMGBSA, and Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Malakar Vishnu , Dhanabal SP , Gowramma Bryan , Jangra Aryan , Kant Kamal , El‐Serehy Hamed A. , Keremane Kavya S. , Malakar Chandi C.
Published: January 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD) stands as the most prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disorder, marked by cognitive impairment, memory loss, and cognitive deficits. In the present study, the targeted protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a crucial enzyme involved in various signaling pathways, is associated with AD pathogenesis. Our study employs the virtual screening of the compounds from an extensive database. Based on the docking score, the molecular dynamics simulation has been performed for top three compounds, donepezil and ertiprotafib for the comparative study of the molecules. As a result, the molecules CNP0377119, CNP0390654, CNP0377195, donepezil, and ertiprotafib were identified with the favorable docking scores. Further analyses, including PRIME MMGB‐SA and ADMET properties, focused on standard amino acids like Asp193 and Glu276. In the 100 ns molecular simulation trajectory, the three compounds exhibited stability through effective binding properties with ligands. These interactions included favorable binding conformations and hydrogen bond formations with Asn193, Glu276, Lys197, Glu200, and Tyr46. The π‐π stacking interactions were also observed with amino acids Phe196 and Phe280. The allosteric inhibitor of PTP1B directly attaches to the WPD loop when the cysteine‐phosphate intermediate is in its open conformation hindering the closure of the WPD loop, thereby inhibiting the PTP1B activity.
Multifunctional Copper (I) Oxide Nanoparticles: Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Activities
Authors: Rakshit Soumen , Roy Tamanna , Jana Angshuman , Mondal Krishna Gopal , Jana Paresh Chandra
Published: January 2025

The increasing use of metal oxide nanoparticles demands a better understanding of their health impact. Here, we report the synthesis of copper (I) oxide nanoparticles (Cu2O NPs) using cost‐effective chemical methods and assessed their photocatalytic, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern verified its cubic structure. The average crystallite size of 11 nm was obtained using the Scherrer method. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the formation of Cu2O NPs. The spherical morphology was confirmed through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) estimated the size of the nanoparticles to be around 15 nm. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of Cu2O NPs showed peaks at 931.75 and 951.82 eV, corresponding to Cu 2p3/2 and Cu 2p1/2, respectively. UV–vis spectroscopy revealed the optical direct bandgap (2.33 eV) of Cu2O NPs. Under light irradiation, the Cu2O NPs catalyst achieved a tetracycline (TC) degradation efficiency of 80% within 75 min. The antibacterial properties of Cu2O NPs against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis using agar disk diffusion have been investigated. The Cu2O NPs also exhibited significant anticancer activity against MCF‐7 cancer cells using the MTT assay, with an IC50 value of 18.88 µg/mL.
Iron Photoredox Catalysis as an Effective Tool for Organic Synthesis via Visible‐Light‐Induced Homolysis (VLIH)
Authors: Srivastava Vishal , Singh Praveen P. , Sinha Surabhi , Tivari Shraddha , Singh Pravin K.
Published: January 2025

Owing to its possible advantages for the environment and the economy, photoredox catalysis of organic processes fueled by iron has garnered a lot of interest recently. The potential for photo‐induced single‐electron transfer (SET) events occurring outside of the sphere is now well acknowledged. Currently, the focus has shifted to a newly discovered photoactivation method that is based on an inner‐sphere mode of reactivity caused by a population of visible‐light‐induced homolysis (VLIH) states. VLIH activation, in contrast to photoredox, is specific to iron complexes, offers distinct reactivity profiles, and does not require redox potentials to coincide. These attractive properties have prompted the development of strategies that use this blueprint to manufacture highly reactive open‐shell species in mild environments. The purpose of this contribution is to promote the development of novel synthetic techniques for sustainable chemical transformations and to offer an educational instrument for the understanding of this evolving idea.
Innovative Method for Reliable Measurement of PEM Water Electrolyzer Component Resistances
Authors: Utsch Nikolai , Berg Florian , Scheepers Fabian , Holtwerth Sebastian , Shviro Meital , Lehnert Werner , Mechler Anna K.
Published: January 2025

Understanding the sheet resistance of porous electrodes is essential for improving the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) water electrolyzers and related technologies. Despite its importance, existing methods often fail to provide reliable and comprehensive data, especially for porous materials with complex morphologies and non‐uniform thicknesses. This study introduces a robust and straightforward method for determining the sheet resistance of porous electrodes using a novel probe concept based on industrial printed circuit board (PCB) technology. This probe measures resistance across ten distances, ranging from 250 µm to 2500 µm, enabling local mapping of resistance. The study focuses on the sheet resistance of key components in PEM water electrolyzers, including the gas diffusion layer (GDL), porous transport layer (PTL), and catalyst layers deposited on a membrane. Additionally, an image‐processing‐based method is presented to obtain the thickness distribution of the studied catalyst layers, facilitating a detailed analysis of the electrical in‐plane resistivity with thickness variations. Overall, this methodology has the potential to expedite material integration and bridge the gap between electrode engineering and single‐cell testing, thereby advancing the development of PEM water electrolyzers.
Minimizing Open‐Circuit Voltage Losses in Perovskite/Perovskite/Silicon Triple‐Junction Solar Cell with Optimized Top Cell
Authors: Heydarian Minasadat , Shaji Athira , Fischer Oliver , Günthel Michael , Karalis Orestis , Heydarian Maryamsadat , Bett Alexander J. , Hempel Hannes , Bivour Martin , Schindler Florian , Schubert Martin C. , Bett Andreas W. , Glunz Stefan W. , Borchert Juliane , Schulze Patricia S. C.
Published: January 2025

Following the impressive efficiencies achieved for two‐terminal perovskite/silicon dual–junction solar cells, perovskite/perovskite/silicon triple‐junction cells have now gained attention and are rapidly developing. In a two‐terminal triple‐junction cell, maximizing the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) is not straightforward as it requires understanding and mitigating the dominant losses in such a complex structure. Herein, the high bandgap perovskite top cell is first identified as the main source of the VOC loss in the triple‐junction cell. A multifaceted optimization approach is then implemented that improves the VOC of the 1.83 eV perovskite. This approach consists of 1) replacing the reference triple‐cation/double‐halide with a triple‐cation/triple‐halide perovskite, which improves perovskite bulk quality and reduces transport losses, and 2) implementing a piperazinium iodide passivation between the perovskite and the electron transport layer, which reduces nonradiative recombination losses at this interface. Employing these optimizations in the top cell of the triple‐junction boost the VOC by average 124 mV. A high VOC of more than 3.00 V is achieved with a fill factor of 79.6%, a short‐circuit current density of 9.0 mA cm−2, and an efficiency of 21.5%. Further study is conducted on the improvement of VOC in the triple‐junction solar cell using subcell selective photoluminescence‐based implied VOC imaging, which is applied for the first time to a perovskite‐based triple‐junction structure.
Teacher Actions That Lead to Strategic Behavior in Emergent Readers
Authors: Reed Jolene B. , Miller Melinda M.
Published: January 2025

Some readers thrive more than others because they are more actively involved in their learning. All students can become active participants in their learning through quality teacher prompting. In this article, teachers will learn how to promote emergent learners' active participation as they decode and comprehend, while problem‐solving unknown text. The authors show how to support students by incorporating appropriate prompting determined by student needs.
A Mathematical Programming Approach for Joint Optimization of Wind Farm Layout and Cable Routing Based on a Three‐Dimensional Gaussian Wake Model
Authors: Cao Ziwei , Chen Longwen , Li Ke , Huang Guoqing , Liu Ruili
Published: January 2025

Wind energy is currently one of the most promising alternative energy sources. The optimization of the wind farm layout and the cable layout are two important elements in the design of wind farms. Since increasing the distance between turbines can reduce wake loss but increase cable cost, these two optimizations are coupled and jointly affect the revenue of wind farms. In this paper, we propose a novel nonlinear mathematical programming model based on the 3D Gaussian wake model and use a mathematical programming approach to optimize the layout of the wind farm and the cable layout together, considering both power generation and cable cost. In this method, some of the constraints were linearized to facilitate the solution process. The optimization results show that profit increased by 9.07% when using annual economic efficiency as the objective function, compared with using energy production as the objective function.
Combining Transversus Abdominis Plane and Rectus Sheath Blocks in Open Inguinal Hernia Surgery Anesthesia: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Lumme Aki , Kalliomäki Maija‐Liisa , Harju Jarkko , Nordström Pia
Published: January 2025

Background

Lichtenstein hernia repair is a common surgical procedure. Previously, combined rectus sheath (RS) and transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks have been shown to be beneficial in laparoscopic inguinal hernia surgery. Our hypothesis is that combining the two blocks will also be beneficial in open Lichtenstein hernioplasty day‐case procedures.

Methods

This retrospective study analyzed data from 186 patients undergoing inguinal hernia surgery chosen using the propensity score matching. Primary endpoint was intraoperative and postoperative opioid consumption. Secondary endpoints were conversion of the anesthetic method, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), unscheduled hospitalization or emergency room visits, perioperative duration, analysis of the patient flow, and surgical complications.

Results

Ninety‐three patients treated with the blocks (study group) and 93 controls were analyzed. The study group had significantly lower opioid use in the operating room (2.5–7.5 mg vs. 5.0–7.5 mg and p < 0.01) and in the recovery room (0.0–2.0 mg vs. 1.0–10.6 mg and p < 0.0001). There was no difference in postoperative recovery room times nor in the patient flow. Postoperative hospitalization due to pain was 9.1% in the control group, whereas no patients in the study group were hospitalized (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

RS and TAP blocks reduce postoperative pain in inguinal hernia surgery, resulting in significantly lower postoperative opioid use and hospitalization rates. The blocks are technically easy and quick to perform and should be considered for pain management in inguinal hernia day‐case surgery.
Analysis of thermal transport and wall stresses for MHD peristaltic motion of Reiner‐Philippoff fluid with viscous dissipation and mixed convection effects
Authors: Alkinidri M. , Iqbal Jamshaid , Abbasi F. M.
Published: January 2025

The present study examines the thermal characteristics and stresses at the boundary for peristaltic motion of Reiner‐Philippoff fluid through a symmetric channel. The Reiner‐Philippoff (R‐P) fluid model is widely recognized for its ability to provide a comprehensive representation of the unique properties exhibited by non‐Newtonian fluids. One notable aspect that initiates this model is the nonlinear relationship between velocity gradient and shear stress. Moreover, this model captures the implicit connection between deformation rate and stress. Additionally, the R‐P fluid model exhibits distinct characteristics, acting as a dilatant fluid for , exhibiting pseudoplastic behavior for , and behaving as a Newtonian fluid when . Governing equations are mathematically modeled under the consideration of mixed convection, viscous dissipation, magnetic field, and Joule heating effects. Long wavelength and small Reynolds number approximations are used to simplify the system. To compute the numerical solution of the simplified nonlinear system, BVP4c technique is employed via MATLAB. The influences of key parameters on Reiner‐Philippoff fluid flow are physically visualized through graphs. A detailed analysis of heat transfer for dilatant, pseudoplastic, and Newtonian fluids is also provided. Additionally, numerical assessments of heat transfer and stresses at the wall are presented via tables. Outcomes reveal that the temperature profile decreases due to R‐P fluid parameter and Bingham number. The findings for the pseudoplastic case indicate that both the enhanced Grashof and Hartmann numbers lead to an increase in the temperature profile. Tabular results indicate that rate of thermal transfer is improved by developing values of Grashof and Brinkman numbers, while stresses at the wall exhibit the opposite behavior. Additionally, the wall stresses decrease with greater values of R‐P fluid parameter and the Bingham number. Furthermore, dilatant fluid is more effective for improving thermal transfer and reducing stresses at the wall compared to Newtonian and pseudoplastic fluids.
Mathematical modeling and numerical simulations of convective heat transport in a stagnant flow of water‐based copper, aluminum oxide and MWCNTs nanofluid upon a stretching spinning disk
Authors: Usman  , Kumar R. S. Varun , Khan W. A. , AL‐lobani Esraa M. , Massoud Ehab El Sayed
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the flow and heat transfer (HT) characteristics of a ternary hybrid nanofluid (THNF) composed of Cu, Al2O3, and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) over a rotating stretching disk under the influence of a magnetic field. As a result, THNFs hold promise for diverse applications, including HT enhancement, thermal management in electronics, lubrication, and biomedical uses. Thus, this study develops and simulates a mathematical analysis to investigate the flow of a ternary hybrid power‐law nanofluid over a rotatory stretching disk. The impact of the magnetic field and convective boundary conditions is also considered. The leading equations, including the energy, conservation of mass, and momentum, are altered into nonlinear ODEs and are numerically tackled using MAPLE 2022 to investigate the impression of relevant parameters upon dimensionless velocity, the concentration of nanoparticles, temperature, skin friction, mass, and HT rates. Furthermore, a trend is observed where the nondimensional tangential and radial velocities and the surface temperature decrease as the fluid transitions from pseudoplastic to dilatant behavior. This study confirms that THNFs outperform single and binary nanofluids (NFs) in HT, with key quantitative outcomes like the Nusselt number showing an increase of up to 15%. This enhanced performance stems from the synergistic effects of combining Cu, Al2O3, and MWCNT nanoparticles in the fluid. The Nusselt number is enhanced by 10%–15% when using THNFs compared to mono and hybrid NFs, and skin friction is reduced by 8%–12% under a moderate magnetic field.
Numerical exploration of heat source/sink and mixed convection effects on thermally stratified Cu−Al2O3/H2O${\rm Cu} - {\rm Al}_2{\rm O}_3 / {\rm H}_2{\rm O}$ hybrid nanofluid flow over a vertical stretching cylinder subjected to a radial magnetic field
Authors: Sukariya Vijay Kumar , Jakhar Atul , sharma Poonam , Kumar Anand , Anurag
Published: January 2025

Hybrid nanofluids have extensive applications across various industries, including improved heat transfer in spacecraft, biomedical devices, and nuclear reactors, as well as heat management in generators, transformers, heat pumps, and refrigerators. Building upon these given applications, this study examined the magnetohydrodynamic flow of hybrid nanofluids in a vertical stretching cylinder, focusing on the effects of heat sources/sinks and mixed convection, with the influence of a transverse radial magnetic field. This study explores the characteristics of a hybrid nanoparticle (NP) system, comprising copper () and aluminum oxide () nanoparticles, dispersed in a water‐based solvent. The mathematical model is simplified by applying similarity variables to the system of non‐ordinary differential equations (PDEs), resulting in a set of first‐order differential equations. Subsequently, the boundary constraints are numerically approximated and solved using the bvp4c solver in MATLAB. This study investigates the impact of significant parameters, including the mixed convection parameter, curvature parameter, Prandtl number, nanoparticle (NP) volume fraction, and heat source/sink on the resulting temperature and velocity distributions. Furthermore, the analysis includes a comprehensive presentation of local skin friction and local Nusselt number, with detailed results provided in the tables. Key findings of the study reveal that both the magnetic parameter and the volume fraction lead to reduced velocity profiles and elevated temperature profiles. Similarly, the temperature profile shows analogous trends with respect to curvature parameters and heat source, while opposite effects are observed for the mixed convection parameter and the Prandtl number. Comparisons with existing literature confirm that these results are consistent with the previously published work.
Sicherheit intravenöser Medikationen bei Kindernotfällen
Authors: Kaufmann Jost
Published: January 2025

Medikamentenfehler stellen eine bedeutsame Gefahr für Patienten aller Altersgruppen dar. Weil aber bei Kindern altersspezifische Dosierungsempfehlungen und Kontraindikationen zu berücksichtigen sind und eine individuelle Dosisberechnung erforderlich ist, werden unabhängig vom Versorgungsbereich durchgehend höhere Fehlerraten als bei Erwachsenen beobachtet. Ein bedeutsamer Unterschied zur Versorgung von Erwachsenen ist, dass auch bei viel Erfahrung keine Vertrautheit mit einer typischen Dosis entstehen kann, denn in der Kindermedizin wiegen die Patienten zwischen weniger als 1 kg und mehr als 100 kg. Insbesondere in Notfallsituationen mit Kindern besteht zudem bei den meisten Versorgenden eine große psychische Belastung, und es müssen in kurzer Zeit mehrere potenziell gefährliche Medikamente verabreicht werden. Allein schon ein falsch gesetztes Komma bei der Berechnung einer Adrenalindosis kann zu einem lebensbedrohlichen Fehler führen. Diese Übersichtsarbeit analysiert den Prozess der Medikamentengabe, identifiziert typische Stolperstellen, zeigt erfolgreiche Interventionen auf und präsentiert im Wesentlichen die Empfehlungen der AWMF-S2k-Leitlinie zur „Medikamentensicherheit bei Kindernotfällen“.
Comparative genomic prediction of resistance to Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 2) in watermelon: parametric and nonparametric approaches
Authors: Biswas Anju , Wechter Pat , Ganaparthi Venkat , Jarquin Diego , Kousik Shaker , Branham Sandra , Levi Amnon
Published: January 2025

Complex traits influenced by multiple genes pose challenges for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding. Genomic selection (GS) is a promising strategy for achieving higher genetic gains in quantitative traits by stacking favorable alleles into elite cultivars. Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) race 2 in watermelon is a polygenic trait with moderate heritability. This study evaluated GS as an additional approach to quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis/marker-assisted selection (MAS) for enhancing Fon race 2 resistance in elite watermelon cultivars. Objectives were to: (1) assess the accuracy of genomic prediction (GP) models for predicting Fon race 2 resistance in a F2:3 versus a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, (2) rank and select families in each population based on genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) for developing testing populations, and (3) determined how many of the most superior families based on GEBV also have all QTL associated with Fon race 2 resistance. GBS-SNP data from genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) for two populations were used, and parental line genome sequences were used as references. The GBLUP and random forest outperformed the other three parametric (GBLUP, Bayes B, Bayes LASSO) and three nonparametric AI (random forest, SVM linear, and SVM radial) models, with correlations of 0.48 and 0.68 in the F2:3 and RIL population, respectively. Selection intensities (SI) of 10%, 20%, and 30% showed that superior families with highest GEBV can also comprise all QTL associated with Fon race 2 resistance, highlighting GP efficacy in improving elite watermelon cultivars with polygenic traits of disease resistance.
An experimental approach for dimensional tolerance analysis using 3D printed parts
Authors: Armillotta Antonio
Published: January 2025

In 2D or 3D tolerance analysis, a dimension chain involves a complex propagation of random deviations from individual parts to the controlled assembly requirement. This can be calculated by setting up complex mathematical models, possibly with the help of CAD-based software tools. The paper studies the feasibility of an alternative approach, which uses measurements on assemblies of 3D printed parts to estimate the coefficients of a linearized error propagation model. The analysis is structured as a designed experiment, where each dimension is varied in two levels resulting in two different printed parts. The experimental plan consists of building assemblies from selected combinations of parts and measuring the assembly dimension on each combination. Among the possible designs of the plan, the paper compares two methods based on finite differences and least squares. The comparison includes both simulations with randomly generated dimension chains and physical tests on simple cases. The results show that a least squares plan allows a significant improvement in the accuracy on the estimation of model coefficients compared to a finite difference plan, with just a marginally higher number of assembly combinations. However, dimensional and geometric deviations in the 3D printing process are shown to play a critical role, and criteria are suggested to reduce or compensate them.
Minimality of Vortex Solutions to Ginzburg–Landau Type Systems for Gradient Fields in the Unit Ball in Dimension $$N\ge 4$$
Authors: Ignat Radu , Nahon Mickael , Nguyen Luc
Published: January 2025

We prove that the degree-one vortex solution is the unique minimizer for the Ginzburg–Landau functional for gradient fields (that is, the Aviles–Giga model) in the unit ball

$$B^N$$

B
N

in dimension

$$N \ge 4$$

N
≥
4

and with respect to its boundary value. A similar result is also prove in a model for

$$\mathbb {S}^N$$

S

N

-valued maps arising in the theory of micromagnetics. Two methods are presented. The first method is an extension of the analogous technique previously used to treat the unconstrained Ginzburg–Landau functional in dimension

$$N \ge 7$$

N
≥
7

. The second method uses a symmetrization procedure for gradient fields such that the

$$L^2$$

L
2

-norm is invariant while the

$$L^p$$

L
p

-norm with

$$2< p < \infty $$

2
<
p
<
∞

and the

$$H^1$$

H
1

-norm are lowered.
Influence of parkinson’s disease on complications and revisions in total hip and knee arthroplasty: insights from a matched pair analysis
Authors: Holzapfel Dominik Emanuel , Kappenschneider Tobias , Schuster Marie Farina , Pagano Stefano , Azar Fady , Holzapfel Sabrina , Meyer Matthias
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The outcome of elective total joint arthroplasty (TJA) in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) is controversial due to the concomitant risk profile. This study investigated postoperative complications and revision rates following total hip (THA) and knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with PD.

Methods

Ninety-six patients with PD undergoing THA or TKA were matched 1:1 with non-PD patients using propensity score matching for age, sex and comorbidity (Charlson Comorbidity index, CCI). Rates of revisions, medical and surgical complications were compared. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were calculated.

Results

PD patients exhibited higher rates of revision-surgeries within 90 days (13.5% vs. 5.2%; p = 0.048), medical complications (68.8% vs. 43.8%; p < 0.001) and surgical complications (40.6% vs. 21.9%; p = 0.005). Multivariate regression analysis confirmed PD as a significant risk factor for complications and long-term revision-surgeries.

Conclusion

PD increases the risk of adverse outcomes following THA and TKA. Improvements in pre-operative planning and post-operative care are critical to the improvement of outcomes in this vulnerable population.
Does physical activity level and total energy expenditure relate to food intake, appetite, and body composition in healthy older adults? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Dericioglu Dilara , Methven Lisa , Clegg Miriam E.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

With ageing, older adults (≥ 65 years) may experience decreased appetite, contributing to declines in body weight and muscle mass, potentially affecting physical capabilities. Physical activity (PA) has been suggested as a potential strategy to enhance appetite in older adults, but evidence supporting this is insufficient. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between PA levels, total energy expenditure (TEE), body composition, energy intake (EI) and appetite in older adults.

Methods

One hundred and eight healthy older adults (age 70 ± 4 years; BMI 24.3 ± 2.6 kg/m2) were categorised into three groups (low, medium, high) based on accelerometer-measured PA level (AMPA) and TEE from 7-day PA diaries. Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance. Energy and nutrient intakes were assessed using 3-day weighed food diaries. Appetite was assessed using the visual analogue scales at 30-min intervals throughout 1 day.

Results

TEE was positively correlated with EI and % muscle mass (p < 0.05), with higher % muscle mass and TEE associated with higher EI. Energy and protein intake were significantly higher in the high TEE group than the low group (p = 0.03, p = 0.01; respectively). No significant differences in energy and macronutrient intake were observed across AMPA groups, and appetite components (hunger, fullness, desire to eat, prospective consumption) did not differ significantly in either the AMPA or TEE groups.

Conclusions

Higher TEE is associated with higher energy and protein intake, with body composition playing a crucial role. These findings highlight the importance of considering PA, TEE, and body composition in interventions aimed at improving EI in older adults.

Clinical Trail registration: clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05067036. Registered 2 October 2021, https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05067036
Bovine dairy products and flow mediated dilation (FMD): a systematic review of the published evidence
Authors: Rooney Martina , Lambe Joyce , O’Connor Aileen , Dunne Simone , Mills Andrea , Feeney Emma L. , Gibney Eileen R.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Evidence suggests bovine dairy products may have neutral or beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health, despite being a source of saturated fat. The dairy matrix, the structure and combination of protein, fat, and other nutrients, and how they interact with each other, is purported to be responsible for these beneficial health effects. Whether this relationship extends to endothelial function, as assessed by flow mediated dilation (FMD), remains to be elucidated.

Methods

Three electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central) were searched from inception until 5th September 2024. This review included randomised controlled trials (RCT) investigating any bovine dairy intervention which considered endothelial function using FMD in humans with a non-dairy or alternative dairy control.

Results

Of 4,220 records identified, 18 reports from 11 RCT including 508 (53.3% male) participants, examined endothelial function by FMD and were eligible for evidence synthesis. Eight papers reported an improvement, nine reported no effect and one reported a decrease in FMD. The greatest effects were found in those with impaired health at baseline, with whey protein and high dairy intakes observed to be most beneficial.

Conclusion

Bovine dairy intake has neutral or beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health. This review demonstrates that this relationship extends to endothelial function as assessed by FMD. Whey protein and high dairy intakes may be most effective, although further high quality RCT in this area are warranted.
Depression, anxiety and stress in taxi drivers: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Marín-Berges Marta , Villa-Berges Enrique , Lizana Pablo A. , Gómez-Bruton Alejandro , Iguacel Isabel
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Mental health is a global public health challenge, with mental disorders being a major cause of morbidity. Particularly, taxi drivers face unique challenges related to long working hours, economic instability, and hazardous working conditions. To summarise the existing scientific literature on mental disorders in taxi drivers and identify associated variables.

Methods

PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were examined from inception to April 2024 following the PRISMA guidelines. Two authors independently selected original studies. We included observational studies published in English or Spanish or Portuguese, which assessed the mental health of taxi drivers. The Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHBLI) was used to assess the quality of the articles.

Results

From an initial pool of 618 studies, eleven met the inclusion criteria and were included in the present systematic review. The findings indicate a considerable prevalence of mental health issues among taxi drivers in comparison to the general population. The prevalence of depression ranged from 14.3 to 60.5% and were driven by a number of factors, including perceived mental strain, lack of respect from operators, a stressful personal life, insufficient sleep, poor working conditions, work-family conflict and low work engagement. Anxiety was reported by 24.1–47% of drivers, with a lack of sufficient sleep being identified as a primary contributing factor. The prevalence of stress ranged from 19 to 55%, with key contributing factors including discrimination, smoking, limited language proficiency, sleep disorders and younger age. Furthermore, 33% of drivers displayed elevated levels of psychological distress, frequently linked to traumatic experiences and occupational hazards.

Conclusions

Rates of depression, anxiety, stress and psychological distress are higher in taxi drivers than in general population, therefore prevention strategies should target this group.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023360073.
Study of shallow-water effects on ship maneuverability using free-running model tests
Authors: Okuda R. , Yasukawa H. , Sano M. , Matsuda A.
Published: January 2025

In this study, we conducted turning tests with rudder angles

$$\pm 35^\circ$$

±

35
∘

and

$$\pm 20^\circ /20^\circ$$

±

20
∘

/

20
∘

zig-zag maneuver tests in deep and shallow water using a model of a 3,600 TEU container ship called KCS. Through the comparison of these test results with the free-running test results of three other ships, the shallow-water effect on the maneuverability was investigated. The shallow-water effects obtained during the turning and zig-zag maneuvers are as follows: Turning: The advance (

$$A_D$$

A
D

) decreases slightly when the water depth-to-ship draft ratio (h/d) is approximately 2.0 and increases significantly as the water depth decreases. The tactical diameter (

$$D_T$$

D
T

) (up to

$$h/d = 2.0$$

h
/
d
=
2.0

) is approximately the same as that in deep water and becomes significantly larger when h/d becomes smaller than 2.0. Thus, there is a slight difference in the appearance of the shallow-water effects in

$$A_D$$

A
D

and

$$D_T$$

D
T

. Zig-zag maneuvers: The overshoot angle increases slightly near

$$h/d = 2.0$$

h
/
d
=
2.0

compared with that in deep water and becomes significantly smaller as the water depth becomes shallower. The forward distance (

$$l_{20}$$

l
20

), until reaching the heading

$$+20^\circ /-20^\circ$$

+

20
∘

/
-

20
∘

after steering, was approximately the same as that in deep water or decreased slightly, until approximately

$$h/d = 2.0$$

h
/
d
=
2.0

. Furthermore, it increased as the water depth decreased. This is because the course stability of the ship deteriorated at approximately

$$h/d = 2.0$$

h
/
d
=
2.0

.
Impacts of amino acid-linked platinum(II) complexes on DNA structure
Authors: Shrestha Deepak , Kimutai Bett , Chow Christine S.
Published: January 2025

The discovery of cisplatin (cisPt) as an effective anticancer agent was a milestone in the health industry. Despite its success, undesired side effects and acquired resistance still limit the therapeutic usefulness of cisPt. Intrastrand adduct formation at consecutive purines and structural modifications of DNA caused by platinum(II) complexes are important factors for antitumor efficacy. In this study, we examined amino acid-linked platinum(II) complexes, collectively referred to as AAPt, for antiproliferative activity and ability to induce DNA bending. The antiproliferative activity of one AAPt complex tested against a prostate cancer cell line was comparable to that of cisPt, whereas only activity of the AAPt complex was lower in a normal human prostate cell line. Various AAPt analogues were examined for impact on the structures of DNAs with four different purine dinucleotide target sites (GG, AG, GA, and AA) and compared to the parent cisPt. The roles of side-chain identity, chirality, and coordination type (e.g., (N,O) vs. (N,N)) of AAPt complexes are discussed with respect to DNA adduct formation and ability to induce DNA bending. Although the AAPt complexes display different nucleotide preferences (A for AAPt vs. G for cisPt), DNAs containing GG-platinum adducts display a greater degree of bending compared to DNAs with AA-platinum adducts.

Graphical abstract
Partial regularity for minima of higher-order quasiconvex integrands with natural Orlicz growth
Authors: Irving Christopher
Published: January 2025

A partial regularity theorem is presented for minimisers of

$$k^{\textrm{th}}$$

k
th

-order functionals subject to a quasiconvexity and general growth condition. We will assume a natural growth condition governed by an N-function satisfying the

$$\Delta _2$$

Δ
2

and

$$\nabla _2$$

∇
2

conditions, assuming no quantitative estimates on the second derivative of the integrand; this is new even in the

$$k=1$$

k
=
1

case. These results will also be extended to the case of strong local minimisers.