bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of stratospheric aerosol extinction retrieval from OMPS/LP using a new aerosol model
Authors: Chen Zhong , Bhartia Pawan K. , Loughman Robert , Colarco Peter , DeLand Matthew
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite Limb Profiler (OMPS/LP) has been flying
on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite since
October 2011. It is designed to produce ozone and aerosol vertical profiles
at ∼2 km vertical resolution over the entire sunlit globe. Aerosol
extinction profiles are computed with Mie theory using radiances measured at
675 nm. The operational Version 1.0 (V1.0) aerosol extinction retrieval
algorithm assumes a bimodal lognormal aerosol size distribution (ASD) whose
parameters were derived by combining an in situ measurement of aerosol
microphysics with the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE II)
aerosol extinction climatology. Internal analysis indicates that this bimodal
lognormal ASD does not sufficiently explain the spectral dependence of
LP-measured radiances. In this paper we describe the derivation of an
improved aerosol size distribution, designated Version 1.5 (V1.5), for the LP
retrieval algorithm. The new ASD uses a gamma function distribution that is
derived from Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres
(CARMA)-calculated results. A cumulative distribution fit derived from the
gamma function ASD gives better agreement with CARMA results at small
particle radii than bimodal or unimodal functions. The new ASD also explains
the spectral dependence of LP-measured radiances better than the V1.0 ASD. We
find that the impact of our choice of ASD on the retrieved extinctions varies
strongly with the underlying reflectivity of the scene. Initial comparisons
with collocated extinction profiles retrieved at 676 nm from the SAGE III
instrument on the International Space Station (ISS) show a significant
improvement in agreement for the LP V1.5 retrievals. Zonal mean extinction
profiles agree to within 10  % between 19 and 29 km, and regression
fits of collocated samples show improved correlation and reduced scatter
compared to the V1.0 product. This improved agreement will motivate
development of more sophisticated ASDs from CARMA results that incorporate
latitude, altitude and seasonal variations in aerosol properties.
Estimation of emissions from biomass burning in China (2003–2017) based on MODIS fire radiative energy data
Authors: Yin Lifei , Du Pin , Liu Mingxu , Xu Tingting , Song Yu
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Biomass burning plays a significant role in air pollution and climate change. In this study, we used the method based on fire radiative energy (FRE) to develop a biomass burning emission inventory for China from 2003 to 2017. Daily fire radiative power (FRP) data in 1 km MODIS Thermal Anomalies/Fire products (MOD14/MYD14) were used to calculate FRE and combusted biomass. Available emission factors were assigned to four land-cover types: forest, cropland, grassland and shrubland. The farming system and crop types in different climate zones were taken into account in this research. Compared with traditional methods, the FRE method was found to provide a more reasonable estimates of emissions from small fires. The estimated average annual emission ranges, with a 90 % confidence interval, were 94.2 (78.7–117.6) Tg CO2 yr−1, 4.9 (2.5–8.3) Tg CO yr−1, 0.19 (0.05–0.51) Tg CH4 yr−1, 0.52 (0.18–0.81) Tg NMHC yr−1, 0.18 (0.04–0.39) Tg NOx yr−1, 0.07 (0.02–0.17) Tg NH3 yr−1, 0.03 (0.01–0.06) Tg SO2 yr−1, 0.04 (0.01–0.08) Tg BC yr−1, 0.3 (0.08–0.53) Tg OC yr−1, 0.49 (0.20–0.88) Tg PM2.5 yr−1, 0.56 (0.16–1.11) Tg PM10 yr−1. Forest fire was identified as the major source of the biomass burning emissions, and crop residue burning was the second highest contributor. In the 15-year study period, emissions from forest fires showed a significant downward trend. Crop residue emissions continued to rise until 2014, and then began to decline. Emissions from grassland and shrubland were little changed. Forest, grassland, and shrubland fires are mostly located in regions with high vegetation coverage, where the occurrence of fires is concentrated in arid seasons (spring and autumn). Plain areas with high crop yields, such as the North China Plain, experienced high agricultural fire emissions in harvest seasons. The resolution (daily, 1 km) of our inventory is much higher than previous inventories, such as GFED4s and GFASv1.0. It could be used in global and regional air quality modeling.
Highly sensitive coulometric titration of oxygen for the characterization of solid materials at elevated temperatures
Authors: Herms Alexander , Yao Jingying , Zosel Jens , Vashook Vladimir , Oelßner Wolfram , Mertig Michael
Published: December 2018

Abstract. A new setup for characterization of solid material oxygen exchange and
conductivity in a broad oxygen partial pressure range and at elevated
temperatures is presented. The development target of this setup is directed
towards the detection of ultra-low amounts of exchanged oxygen. For this,
electrochemical cells made of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) were optimized
and applied in a flow-through arrangement. The design and process measures
enable a lower limit of detection below 100 pmol of exchanged oxygen.
Furthermore, the system characteristics concerning oxygen dispersion,
titration efficiency and electrode kinetics are described.
Application of the LM-BP neural network approach for landslide risk assessments
Authors: Xiong Junnan , Sun Ming , Zhang Hao , Cheng Weiming , Yang Yinghui , Sun Mingyuan , Cao Yifan , Wang Jiyan
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Landslide disaster is one of the main risks involved with the operation of long-distance oil and gas pipelines. Because previously established disaster risk models are too subjective, this paper presents a quantitative model for regional risk assessment through an analysis of the laws of historical landslide disasters along oil and gas pipelines. Using the Guangyuan section of the Lanzhou–Chengdu–Chongqing (LCC) Long-Distance Products Oil Pipeline (82 km) in China as a case study, we successively carried out two independent assessments: a hazard assessment and a vulnerability assessment. We used an entropy weight method to establish a system for the vulnerability assessment, whereas a Levenberg Marquardt-Back Propagation (LM-BP) neural network model was used to conduct the hazard assessment. The risk assessment was carried out on the basis of two assessments. The first, the system of the vulnerability assessment, considered the pipeline position and the angle between the pipe and the landslide (pipeline laying environmental factors). We also used an interpolation theory to generate the standard sample matrix of the LM-BP neural network. Accordingly, a landslide hazard risk zoning map was obtained based on hazard and vulnerability assessment. The results showed that about 70 % of the slopes were in high-hazard areas with a comparatively high landslide possibility and that the southern section of the oil pipeline in the study area was in danger. These results can be used as a guide for preventing and reducing regional hazards, establishing safe routes for both existing and new pipelines and safely operating pipelines in the Guangyuan section and other segments of the LCC oil pipeline.
Exploring the first-year experience in a diverse population: Using participatory action research to explore strategies to support student transition into fast-track undergraduate degree programs
Authors: Rickard Greg , Bramble Marguerite , Maxwell Hazel , Einboden Rochelle , Farrington Sally , Say Richard , Beha Chin-Liang , Stankiewicz Grace , Campbell Craig , Yeh Caroline
Published: December 2018

As the cohort of students in Australian universities become increasingly diverse, attention to ensuring their success is an emerging issue of social justice in tertiary education. Navigating transitions through the student journey is crucial to their success. Exploring and responding to the needs of a cohort of first-year students is the focus of this research. Using a participatory action approach, this project aimed to discover what is meaningful for first-year students, by exploring how students experienced the processes of admission, enrolment, commencement, and learning and teaching in two fast-track and one online health degrees. Nine students were partnered with nine academics for a six-month period. The analysis offers insights into equity issues in relation to the institution’s admission processes, the quality of support and engagement from academics to students when transitioning to university life, and how students find their ‘place’. Strategies to support the transition process for first-year students are identified and discussed.
Instrumentos de avaliação das complicações na pele periestoma: revisão integrativa
Authors: Nunes Maristela Lopes Gonçalves , Santos Vera Lucia Conceição de Gouveia
Published: December 2018

Objetivo: identificar y analizar las herramientas utilizadas para evaluar las complicaciones de la piel periestoma a través de revisión integradora de la literatura. Materiales y método: la búsqueda se dio en estas bases y portales de datos: Biblioteca Virtual de la Salud (BVS), PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus y Web of Science, de enero a febrero de 2018. Durante la búsqueda en las bases de datos, se utilizaron los descriptores: ostomía, colostomía, dermatitis y las palabras clave: instrumentos, complicaciones de la piel periestoma y evaluación de la piel periestoma. Se incluyeron estudios que cumplieron los siguientes criterios: que estén disponibles en su totalidad, que estén publicados en español, inglés y portugués, no se tuvo en cuenta el rango de tiempo y tenía que ser acerca de las herramientas de evaluación de las condiciones de la piel periestoma. Resultados: el análisis identificó la existencia de nueve instrumentos con diferentes parámetros para describir la piel periestoma. En general, los instrumentos describen los cambios basados en la clasificación de la complicación, en la causa del daño a la piel o en las características clínicas presentes. Los estudios evidenciaron, además, que la mayoría de los instrumentos no poseen propiedades de medida probadas. Conclusión: de los nueve instrumentos de evaluación identificados, solo cuatro tienen propiedades de medidas probadas. El enfermero debe conocer los instrumentos existentes confiables y válidos para describir y clasificar la gravedad de los problemas de la piel periestoma, lo que aporta a la sistematización de un diagnóstico más preciso y mejora, por lo tanto, la calidad del cuidado.
Performance Matemática Digital: o aluno produzindo vídeos e construindo conceitos
Authors: Ott Felcher Carla Denize , Medina Pinto Ana Cristina , Folmer Vanderlei
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar e analisar a produção de vídeos por alunos como uma performance matemática digital. Para tal, desenvolveu-se um estudo de caso, na disciplina de Matemática, com 54 alunos de três turma dos anos finais do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública da cidade de Canguçu, RS. Foram produzidos 13 vídeos, dos quais três foram selecionados, um de cada turma, os mais coerentes com a proposta, sendo que, desses três, um foi premiado em dois festivais de vídeos. Para os alunos, a produção foi de suma importância, visto que possibilitou aprender mais o conteúdo e de maneira diferenciada, sendo que mais de 90% desses alunos responderam que gostariam de produzir novos vídeos.
Geometria analítica com GeoGebra usando a Teoria dos Campos Conceituais de Vergnaud no ensino médio
Authors: Dos Santos Silva Candido , Flores Santibanez Miguel Raymundo , Huatuco Zuasnábar Delfa Mercedes
Published: December 2018

Os docentes estão inserindo a utilização da tecnologia para incrementar e dinamizar suas aulas, de modo a prender a atenção dos estudantes, possibilitando a interação entre a teoria e a prática em sala de aula.Este trabalho apresenta os resultados obtidos de uma pesquisa quali-quantitativa de trabalho de campo utilizando o software GeoGebra e suas funcionalidades nas aulas de geometria analítica: ponto e reta, tendo como base as atividades propostas para uma turma de ensino médio. Destaca-se o uso da Teoria dos Campos Conceituais de Vergnaud e do software no auxílio ao desenvolvimento do processo educacional, proporcionando novos horizontes, apoiando os processos de ensino e aprendizagem dos estudantes.
Projection of Living Arrangements of the Elderly in Japan Using INAHSIM
Authors: Fukawa Tetsuo
Published: December 2018

By using a dynamic micro-simulation model named INAHSIM, we conducted a population-household projection inJapan for the period of 2015 to 2070. Due to rapid aging of the population, the distribution of the elderly (65 yearsold or older) by living arrangements has a profound impact on the social system. Especially, the choice of the elderlyamong a) living in one-person households, b) co-residing with child households, and c) living in institutions, arecrucial indicators for the future social burden of the elderly in Japan. In this paper, we projected the number andproportion of the elderly by living arrangement in future years. Trends of those elderly who have little relatives,therefore having high risk of dying in solitude, were also featured.
Challenges on Educational Policies Related to the English Teacher’s Training
Authors: Astrid Ramirez Valencia , Ocampo Gonzalez , Heberth Caicedo Saldaña
Published: December 2018

The last events developed in the dimension of teachers’ training have defined new rules which they must be trained in. This article points out some aspects and considerations that emerged from the resolution 2041, on February 3rd, 2016, which introduces different perspectives that must be taken carefully into account, and an analysis, specially due to the repercussions and implications that Colombian teaching programs have.
Zimna wojna w popkulturze. Czołówki festiwali piosenki Interwizji i propaganda sukcesu.
Authors: Kopania Lidia
Published: December 2018

The aim of the article is to point out that popular culture, in the framework of which popular song contests function, although associated with the practices, needs, experiences and traditions of ordinary people, is a form of the game of power and that the shape and the character of the Intervision Song Contest were influenced by the Polish United Workers' Party. The course of the Cold War was also meaningful for its organization.
The analysis of two opening credits of the Intervision Song Contests of 1977 and 1979, partially animated, allows to show that the festival was planned thoroughly and was assessed by the party which used it for the propaganda. The post-colonial perspective appears to be proper for the analyses, although the term is ambiguous and explained by numerous opinions which exclude each other. However, it enables to deconstruct and expose the models of colonial thinking and acting, demonstrating that, despite the organizers’ declarations of political neutrality, the festival was both an artistic and political initiative.
VARIATIONS IN THE AMOUNT OF MINERAL RESOURCES AND MINING PRODUCTION OF POLAND AFTER WORLD WAR II
Authors: SALSKI Wojciech
Published: December 2018

The paper presents the estimates of Polands’s reserves of mineral raw materials after World War II until 2005. This refers to energy minerals (methane, natural gas, oil, black and brown coals), metal ores (iron, copper, lead and zinc) and chemical mineral raw materials (sulphur, rock salt). The period of 1960–1980 was characterised by a dynamic increase of the reserves. In many cases, it was an effect of discoveries of new large deposits, and even large mineral-rich areas. The amount of reserves increased three to four times compared with its volume in 1960. For instance, sulphur reserves increased seven times, natural gas – sixteen times. Discoveries of new deposits as well as intense mining have caused a change in geographical distribution of the main mining centres. However, the last 15 years have been characterised by a depletion of reserves and a drop in the mining extraction. Mining of iron ores and sulphur has been abandoned, and lead and zinc deposits have been significantly depleted. Generally, the role of the potential of mineral raw materials has greatly weakened in the national economy.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ROAD-CUTS AND OTHER ROCK SECTIONS EXPOSED BY THE NEW LINEAR INVESTMENTS FOR THE GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN POLAND
Authors: URBAŃSKI Krzysztof
Published: December 2018

The road-cuts and other new excavation works provide an excellent opportunity for upgrading the geological maps in Poland. Such opportunity should not be missed. Updating The Detailed Geological Map of Poland at the scale of 1:50 000 should be the priority. Ephemeral nature of the freshly cut outcrops makes this research rather urgent. It would require an adequate planning and organization. Geological mapping based on the new road-cuts and rock sections exposed by new investments should be one of the main tasks of the Geological Survey of Poland.
Mudanças na cobertura do solo sobre os campos do sul do Brasil: modelagem dos impactos sobre os fluxos mudanças na cobertura do solo
Authors: Goergen Guilherme , Valdes Roilan Hernandez , Roberti Débora Regina , Degrazia Gervásio Annes
Published: December 2018

In this work, we investigated the impacts of land cover changes on the surface energy balance, on the Campos Sulinos of Southern Brazilian. For this, we used the INLAND model to simulate the multiple processes that occur in the soil-vegetation-atmosphere system, considering three experiments, called control (ctrl), agriculture (agr) and bare soil (bar). The results showed that the model was able to satisfactorily represent the surface energy flux considering the natural vegetation in the Pampa biome. The changes in the physiological parameters showed the great influence that the vegetation cover exerts on the components of the surface energy balance, especially in relation to the reduction of the net radiation (approximately 20% in the conversion 1 and 40% in the conversion 2), caused largely by the increase in surface albedo (around 10% in the conversion 1 and 17% in the conversion 2). Consequently, latent and sensitive heat fluxes also show a significant reduction.
Avaliação de modelos de footprint para análise de fluxos obtidos por Eddy-Covariance em pequenas-áreas
Authors: Toro Ivan Mauricio Cely , Gotuzzo Ricardo Acosta , Roberti Débora Regina , Fiorin Jackson Ernani
Published: December 2018

Two models for footprint calculations are compared employing flux measurements in the planetary boundary layer. The calculationsare based on the analytical models by Kormann e Meixner (2001) [An analytical footprint model for non-neutral stratification.Boundary-Layer Meteorology 99, 207–224] and by Schuepp et al. (1990) [Footprint prediction of scalar fluxes from analytical solutions of the difussion equation. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 50, 355-373]. The footprint density functions of a flux sensor are determined using eddy-covariance data. Those functions are integrated over surfaces given by quadrangular rectangles, in this case an agricultural field. This work ilustrates the features of each footprint model employing flux measurements with an eddy-covariance system of the SULFLUX network, installed on a agricultural field. Finally, it is presented the model that describes in a better way the flux measurements in small fields.
Variabilidade do fluxo de C02 no solo em duas parcelas experimentais do Projeto ESECAFLOR/Caxiuanã - PA
Authors: Dias Jamilly Leite , Costa Antônio Carlos Lola , Oliveira André Bezerra
Published: December 2018

The present work was carried out in the National Forest of Caxiuanã, located in the municipality of Melgaço / PA, at the experimental site of the Forest Drought Study Project (ESECAFLOR), which has been developed since 2000 at the Ferreira Penna Scientific Station. The experiment consists of the artificially created creation of a drought period in the tropical rainforest, aiming to evaluate the impacts of drought on the water and CO2 flows in this ecosystem. The physical structure of ESECAFLOR consists of two plots of one hectare. The data used refer to the period from August 2009 to December 2011. The main objective was to study the monthly variability of soil carbon flux in the two experimental plots of the project with different soil water contents. The results indicated significant variability between the flows observed in the two treatments, and in both plots, the highest values were always observed in the places with the highest amount of organic material.
TEATRO DE BONECOS COMO DISPOSITIVO PEDAGÓGICO COM ESTUDANTES DO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Mendes Marcelo Silva
Published: December 2018

Este artigo apresenta parte de uma pesquisa de campo desenvolvida em uma Escola Estadual de Ensino Médio, localizada na região da grande Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. A pesquisa consiste no uso do teatro de bonecos com a técnica de animação direta-visível por alunos de nível Médio regular na disciplina de Artes. O objetivo da pesquisa é experimentar a relação entre os princípios técnicos da linguagem mencionada, o processo de conscientização corporal e a importância do saber da experiência, segundo Jorge Larrosa, a partir do uso do teatro de bonecos. Embora utilize o termo “dispositivo pedagógico” de Basil Bernstein, não tenho a pretensão de aprofundar, neste momento da pesquisa, esse modelo teórico que define o que pode ser um dispositivo pedagógico. O termo é desenvolvido por Bernstein (1996) como uma condição para a produção, a reprodução e a transformação da cultura. O autor afirma que existem três tipos de regras que constituem um dispositivo pedagógico, sendo elas: regras distribuitivas, regras recontextualizadoras e regras avaliativas (BERNSTEIN, 1996). A teoria do dispositivo pedagógico foi idealizada como um “modelo de análise processual, em que um campo específico de conhecimento, uma disciplina escolar, por exemplo, pode ser transformada ou ‘pedagogizado’ a fim de constituir conhecimentos e conteúdos escolares, além de relações transmitidas” (MAINARDES; STREMEL, 2010). Entretanto, é possível estabelecer um paralelo entre o sentido duplo da palavra “manipulação” e a semelhança entre a exigência da existência de um processo de conscientização corporal – para realizar uma animação adequada com a importância do “dispositivo pedagógico” na descrição e análise das relações que se estabelecem no interior das salas de aula, denunciando as suas estruturas de poder e controle social. Esta estratégia de ação relaciona-se com a exploração de criação no ambiente de ensino, dentro de uma atmosfera de valorização da alteridade, de modo que seja possível o desenvolvimento de reflexões e questionamentos sobre práticas pedagógicas e processos de ensino e aprendizagem no contexto escolar. A pesquisa proposta é parte do desenvolvimento de uma pesquisa de Mestrado Profissional em Artes (PROF-ARTES).
A INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE EM ARTE – DESAFIOS EM SALA DE AULA
Authors:   Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste - UNICENTRO Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC, Caldas Felipe Rodrigo , Holzer Denise Cristina , Popi Janice Aparecida
Published: December 2018

A nova visão de um trabalho diferenciado na disciplina de Arte com a inclusão de novas atividades e a busca pela interdisciplinaridade nas aulas é um dos objetivos da disciplina na escola. A proposta de trabalhar a disciplina de Arte considerando a interdisciplinaridade requer mudanças conceituais e um trabalho diferenciado com os alunos. Desse modo, a pesquisa teve como objetivo discorrer sobre os desafios de trabalhar a Arte de modo interdisciplinar, relacionando saberes sem deixar de lado as especificidades de cada área do currículo escolar. O objetivo da pesquisa foi apresentar a importância de um trabalho contextualizado e diferenciado na disciplina de Arte com o trabalho interdisciplinar trazendo para sala de aula atividades como leitura de imagens, músicas, textos, obras de arte, entre outros. A pesquisa está fundamentada na pesquisa bibliográfica trazendo autores, que trabalham a disciplina de Arte e a proposta da interdisciplinaridade na escola.
Malaysia: National Language Policy and Employability
Authors: Selvaratnam Viswanathan
Published: December 2018

Malaysia’s public–private sector university graduates are facing an employment crisis and their employability rates “remain poor and unimproved.” The low graduate employability is primarily due to their poor command of English, weak professional competency, lack of critical communication, interpersonal, and leadership skills, and a lacklustre work attitude. The mismatch between demand and supply of high-quality human capital from local universities is hampering the country’s aspiration to be a developed nation by 2020. Unemployable graduates are absorbed into the highly bloated public service, while private sector companies are recruiting almost exclusively among returnees of top overseas English-medium universities.
Hybrid Internationalization in Korea: A Promising Development?
Authors: Lee Hee Kyung , Rhee Byung Shik
Published: December 2018

This article presents and analyzes a newly developed model of inbound internationalization of higher education in Korea—a demand-based, locally oriented, hybrid model of internationalization. This model combines existing features of internationalization—the typical study-abroad model in which international students are taught in the host country’s primary language and the decade-long Korean internationalization model, in which international students are educated in separate academic programs—with recently developed, demand-based educational programs. While conventional, English-language-driven internationalization strategies such as increasing the number of English as a medium of instruction (EMI) courses still exist, this hybrid model is becoming popular among Korean higher education institutions. Yet, although this model may seem better than conventional strategies, it still does not solve a main challenge of internationalization, academic capitalism—and it even reproduces it. This article is meant to help higher education institutions in developing countries whose primary language is not English to develop new internationalization strategies.
Using bioinformatics training to boost research capacities in resource-limited regions
Authors: Mangul Serghei , Martin Lana , Langmead Ben , Galan Javier Sanchez , Toma Ian , Pevzner Pavel , Eskin Eleazar
Published: December 2018

Bioinformatics algorithms are now crucial for processing high throughput “-omics” data and deriving meaningful interpretations in most biomedical and life science research domains. Bioinformatics-related training and research mostly take place in nations with higher income economies. Scientists in lower-income countries publish less frequently than scientists in higher-income countries. Major discoveries in bioinformatics do not require expensive laboratory equipment. We proposed a framework that would enable scientists in lower-income countries to re-analyze published “-omics” data given training, support, and access to standard computing hardware and cloud-based resources.
On unique solvability of a Dirichlet problem with nonlinearity depending on the derivative
Authors: Bełdziński Michał , Galewski Marek
Published: December 2018

In this work we consider second order Dirichelet boundary value problem with nonlinearity depending on the derivative. Using a global diffeomorphism theorem we propose a new variational approach leading to the existence and uniqueness result for such problems.
Isotropic and anisotropic double-phase problems: old and new
Authors: Rădulescu Vicenţiu D.
Published: December 2018

We are concerned with the study of two classes of nonlinear problems driven by differential operators with unbalanced growth, which generalize the \((p,q)\)- and \((p(x),q(x))\)-Laplace operators. The associated energy is a double-phase functional, either isotropic or anisotropic. The content of this paper is in relationship with pioneering contributions due to P. Marcellini and G. Mingione.
DNA translocation mechanism of an XPD family helicase
Authors: Cheng Kaiying , Wigley Dale B
Published: December 2018

The XPD family of helicases, that includes human disease-related FANCJ, DDX11 and RTEL1, are Superfamily two helicases that contain an iron-sulphur cluster domain, translocate on ssDNA in a 5’−3’ direction and play important roles in genome stability. Consequently, mutations in several of these family members in eukaryotes cause human diseases. Family members in bacteria, such as the DinG helicase from Escherichia coli, are also involved in DNA repair. Here we present crystal structures of complexes of DinG bound to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in the presence and absence of an ATP analogue (ADP•BeF3), that suggest a mechanism for 5’−3’ translocation along the ssDNA substrate. This proposed mechanism has implications for how those enzymes of the XPD family that recognise bulky DNA lesions might stall at these as the first step in initiating DNA repair. Biochemical data reveal roles for conserved residues that are mutated in human diseases.
ID134692 Coallajavri, Karasjok k. Rapport fra utgravning 2012
Authors: Skandfer Marianne
Published: December 2018

Excavation report. House-pit in Karasjok municipality, Finnmark. House-pit evidencing re-use, radiocarbon dates spanning between c. 1670 BC and AD 80. Burnt timber-framed floor, central hearth. A few quartz scrapers. Related publication:Skandfer, M. and Hood, B. in press  LARM Investigations in the Kárášjohka/Karasjok Region, Finnmark. In Skandfer, M., Blankholm, H. P and Hood, B. (eds.) Archaeological Perspectives on Hunter-Gatherer Landscapes and Resource Management in Interior North Norway. Equinox Publishing, Sheffield. (Chapter 8)Related report:http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4328
ID143694 Guovzadievva Karasjok kommune Finnmark. Rapport fra utgravning 2012
Authors: Skandfer Marianne
Published: December 2018

Exavation report (in Norwegian). Excavation of open Early Metal Age dwelling site. No clear hearths or dwelling structures, but several charcola concentrations and a concentration of fire-cracked rocks. Two find concentrations, several quartz scrapers in an assumed depot. Three radiocarbon dates: 1641-1500 BC, 209-54 BC and 65-0 BC. Related reports:http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4331 http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4330
Registreringsrapport indre Finnmark 2011
Authors: Skandfer Marianne , Hood Bryan
Published: December 2018

Archaeological survey report. Related publication:Skandfer, M., Blankholm, H. P. and Hood, B. (eds) (in press) Archaeological Perspectives on Hunter-Gatherer Landscapes and Resource Management in Interior North Norway. Equinox Publishing, Sheffield.
Registreringsrapport indre Finnmark 2009
Authors: Skandfer Marianne
Published: December 2018

Report from culture heritage survey in Inner Finnmark 2009, as part of the LARM research project. Surveys in selected areas in Alta, Karasjok and Kautokeino municipalities.
Arkeologiske undersøkelser ved Njálbmeguoika, Karasjok k. Finnmark 2004
Authors: Skandfer Marianne
Published: December 2018

Report from archaeological survey and test-pitting in an area with several house-pits and quartz flake concentrations, and an Iron Age hearth. Related publication:Skandfer, M., Hood, B. and Sommerseth, I. (in press)   LARM Investigations in Inner Finnmark 1: The Kárášjohka/Karasjok Region. In: Skandfer, M., Blankholm, H. P. and Hood, B. (eds.) Archaeological Perspectives on Hunter-Gatherer Landscapes and Resource Management in Interior North Norway. Equinox Publishing, Sheffield. (Chapter 8) Related reports:http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4326
Social Values in Charles Dickens’s Novel “Oliver Twist”
Authors: Persulessy Sylvia Irene , Emzir - , AcengRahmat -
Published: December 2018

The objective of this research is to acquire deep understanding about social values in the novels Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens. The type of research was qualitative by using content analysis method. The data collected through document study and data observation about social values in the novel. The result of this research revealed that social values found and described in the novel Oliver Twist were love values consist of love and affection, dedication, mutual help, kinship, concern, and loyalty. Responsible values consist of sense of acceptance and belonging, obligations and discipline. Harmony of life values consist of justice, tolerance, cooperation, and democracy. The values were found and described through generic structure of the novel by the text quotations. Those results led to implication that Indonesian literature educators can apply Charles Dickens novel Oliver Twist directly in the teaching process and motivate the students to analyze the novels.
Applying Labelling Theory to Selected Short Stories by James T. Farrell
Authors: Alshiban Afra S.
Published: December 2018

For decades, “societal reaction theory” or “labelling theory” has provided the most significant explanation for deviant behaviour, particularly in the case of juveniles. The theory argues that once a stigma is attached to an individual, an irreversible process occurs whereby the labelled individual begins to identify as deviant and to embark on a deviant career. Hence, rather than deter bad behaviour, stigmatisation and shaming serve only to amplify it. Although the labelling perspective is rooted in sociology, we find proponents of some version of labelling theory in other disciplines, even in literature. The present study posits that in the short stories of Irish-American writer James Thomas Farrell entitled “Big Jeff,” “The Fastest Runner on Sixty-First Street,” “Young Convicts,” and “The Scarecrow,” labelling processes emerge as essential elements in a comprehensive understanding of each story. All four stories are the least critically acknowledged works by the author even though they demonstrate the author’s remarkable talent for illuminating the social and psychological factors associated with deviant behaviour among juveniles.
Errors in Translation: A Comparative Study of Noun Phrase in English and Malay Abstracts
Authors: Md Zamin Ainul Azmin , Abu Hasan Raihana
Published: December 2018

Abstract as a summary of a dissertation harbours important information where it serves to attract readers to consider reading the entire passage or to abandon it. This study seeks to investigate the backward translation of abstracts made by 10 randomly selected postgraduate students. This research serves as a guideline for students in composing their abstracts as it aims to compare the differences in noun phrase structure written in Malay as translated from English. It also analyses the types of errors when English noun phrases are translated to Malay. Preliminary findings from this pilot study found that translation errors committed were mainly inaccurate word order, inaccurate translation, added translation, dropped translation and also structure change. For this study, an exploratory mode of semantic analysis is applied by looking at noun phrases, the meaningful group of words that form a major part of any sentence, with the noun as the head of the group. Syntax is inevitably interwoven in the analysis as the structure and grammatical aspects of the translations are also analysed. They are examined by comparing English texts to its corresponding translation in the Malay language. Particularly relevant in this study is the need to emphasize on the semantics and syntax skills of the students before a good transaltion work can be produced. Language practitioners can also tap on translation activities to improve the learners’ language competency.
A Tannic Acid–Derived N‐, P‐Codoped Carbon‐Supported Iron‐Based Nanocomposite as an Advanced Trifunctional Electrocatalyst for the Overall Water Splitting Cells and Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Qin Qing , Jang Haeseong , Li Ping , Yuan Bing , Liu Xien , Cho Jaephil
Published: December 2018

Rational design and construction of a multifunctional electrocatalyst featuring with high efficiency and low cost is fundamentally important to realize new energy technologies. Herein, a trifunctional electrocatalyst composed of FePx nanoparticles and Fe–N–C moiety supported on the N‐, P‐codoped carbon (NPC) is masterly synthesized by a facile one‐pot pyrolysis of the mixture of tannic acid, ferrous chloride, and sodium hydrogen phosphate. The synergy of each component in the FePx/Fe–N–C/NPC catalyst renders high catalytic activities and excellent durability toward both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The electrocatalytic performance and practicability of the robust FePx/Fe–N–C/NPC catalyst are further investigated under the practical operation conditions. Particularly, the overall water splitting cell assembled by the FePx/Fe–N–C/NPC catalyst only requires a voltage of 1.58 V to output the benchmark current density of 10 mA cm−2, which is superior to that of IrO2–Pt/C‐based cell. Moreover, the FePx/Fe–N–C/NPC‐based zinc–air batteries deliver high round‐trip efficiency and remarkable cycling stability, much better than that of Pt/C–IrO2 pair‐based batteries. This work offers a new strategy to design and synthesize highly effective multifunctional electrocatalysts using cheaper tannic acid derived carbon as support applied in electrochemical energy devices.
Human embryonic stem cells: Distinct molecular personalities and applications in regenerative medicine
Authors: Dupont Graham , Yilmaz Emre , Loukas Marios , Macchi Veronica , De Caro Raffaele , Tubbs R. Shane
Published: December 2018

The field of stem cell biology is exciting because it provides researchers and clinicians with seemingly unlimited applications for treating many human diseases. Stem cells are a renewable source of pluripotent cells that can differentiate into nearly all human cell types. In this article we focus particularly on human embryonic stem (hES) cells, derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst and cultured for expansion while remaining undifferentiated, to explore their unique molecular personalities and clinical applications. The aim of this literature review is to reflect the interest in hES cells and to provide a resource for researchers and clinicians interested in the molecular characteristics of such cells. Clin. Anat. 32:354–360, 2019. © 2018 The Authors. Clinical Anatomy published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Clinical Anatomists.
Pull‐Down of Metalloproteins in Their Native States by Using Desthiobiotin‐Based Probes
Authors: Ngo Chinh , Mehta Radhika , Aggarwal Kanchan , Fikes Audrey G. , Santos Ines C. , Greer Sylvester M. , Que Emily L.
Published: December 2018

One‐third of all proteins are estimated to require metals for structural stability and/or catalytic activity. Desthiobiotin probes containing metal binding groups can be used to capture metalloproteins with exposed active‐site metals under mild conditions so as to prevent changes in metallation state. The proof‐of‐concept was demonstrated with carbonic anhydrase (CA), an open active site, Zn2+‐containing protein. CA was targeted by using sulfonamide derivatives. Linkers of various lengths and structures were screened to determine the optimal structure for capture of the native protein. The optimized probes could selectively pull down CA from red blood cell lysate and other protein mixtures. Pull‐down of differently metallated CAs was also investigated.
A Simple DNAzyme‐Based Fluorescent Assay for Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Ali M. Monsur , Slepenkin Anatoly , Peterson Ellena , Zhao Weian
Published: December 2018

Pathogenic bacteria pose a serious threat to public health, and the rapid and cost‐effective detection of such bacteria remains a major challenge. Herein, we present a DNAzyme‐based fluorescent paper sensor for Klebsiella pneumoniae. The DNAzyme was generated by an in vitro selection technique to cleave a fluorogenic DNA–RNA chimeric substrate in the presence of K. pneumoniae. The DNAzyme was printed on a paper substrate in a 96‐well format to serve as mix‐and‐read fluorescent assay that exhibits a limit of detection (LOD) 105 CFUs mL−1. Evaluated with 20 strains of clinical bacterial isolates, the DNAzyme produced the desired fluorescence signal with the samples of K. pneumoniae, regardless of their source or drug resistance. The assay is simple to use, rapid, inexpensive, and avoids the complex procedures of sample preparation and equipment. We believe that this DNAzyme‐based fluorescent assay has potential for practical applications to identify K. pneumoniae.
Acculturation and Career Development of International and Domestic College Students
Authors: Hou Pei‐Chun , Osborn Debra S. , Sampson James P.
Published: December 2018

The authors examined the relationships between career and cultural characteristics among 53 international and 54 domestic students at a large university in the southeastern United States. One‐way multivariate analysis of variance results showed an overall significant difference between groups for mainstream acculturation, but not for vocational identity, dysfunctional career thoughts, goal instability, or heritage acculturation. Regression results indicated that 71% of the variance in vocational identity of domestic college students was explained by dysfunctional career thoughts and acculturation, whereas dysfunctional career thoughts were the only significant predictor of vocational identity for international college students. Thus, a key implication from this study is for career practitioners to address and challenge the dysfunctional thinking of all students to improve their vocational identity. Future researchers should also explore how other potential moderator variables (e.g., age, gender, race/ethnicity, parental education) may influence vocational identity, as well as include more qualitative approaches to better understand an individual’s worldview, including career and cultural characteristics.
Analysis of TBA‐Based ETBE Production by Means of an Optimization‐Based Process‐Synthesis Approach
Authors: Kuhlmann Hanns , Möller Marcel , Skiborowski Mirko
Published: December 2018

The current article presents the extension of a recently developed optimization‐based approach to process synthesis for process intensification. It generates phenomena‐based flowsheet options using superstructure optimization and provides a dedicated translation into equipment‐based flowsheets. The considered case‐study illustrates the application of the method for the analysis of ethyl tert‐butyl ether production, based on the conversion of tert‐butyl alcohol, under consideration of variable configurations of a rector network and a newly introduced pervaporation‐based membrane‐reactor block.
A new approach to model the influence of stirring intensity on ethanol production by a flocculant yeast grown on cashew apple juice
Authors: Pereira Andréa da Silva , Pinheiro Álvaro Daniel Teles , Rocha Maria Valderez Ponte , Gonçalves Luciana Rocha B. , Cartaxo Samuel Jorge Marques
Published: December 2018

In this work, a rigorous mathematical model was developed, aiming to address a major flaw inherent in most fermentation models found in the literature, which is the inability to accurately account for mass transfer effects. This model was based on the hypothesis of the existence of a stagnant film involving the cell where the mass transfer rate of the substrate flowing from the medium to the cell surface is equal to the rate of substrate consumption by the cells. The model was used to explore the influence of stirring speed, substrate, and initial cell concentrations and temperature on ethanol production by the flocculant yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae CCA008, grown on cashew apple juice. Model parameters were estimated and validated against experimental data. The experimental data was divided into two sets: one for parameter optimization using non‐linear Marquardt least‐squares method; and the other to validate the final form of the model equations. Results have shown that the model herein proposed was capable of accurately describing the production of ethanol by S. cerevisiae flocculant yeast considering the influence of operational conditions, especially the effect of the stirring speed on the fermentation rate.
Teacher training and chemical jargon – science learning and language learning as a component of teacher training in chemistry
Authors: Herdt Christian
Published: December 2018

Die Ausbildung von Lehrkräften erfolgt in mehreren Phasen, im Fokus dieses Beitrages stehen die Abschnitte mit hohem Praxisbezug, also das Referendariat und die daran anschließende etwa fünfjährige Zeit der Lehrerfortbildung. Die Erfahrungen als Ausbilder zeigen, dass in den Chemie‐Fachbereichen von Universitäten (ausgenommen: die Didaktiken!) die unterrichtsrelevante exakte chemische Fachsprache noch nicht in vollem Umfang angekommen ist. Ausgehend von der Sprache im Fach Chemie werden allgemeinsprachliche und fachliche Problemstellen in den Fokus genommen. Fehlvorstellungen infolge einer ungenauen Beschreibung von Phänomenen und fachsprachliche Aspekte im Zusammenhang mit der Unterscheidung zwischen Phänomen‐ und Modellebene werden ebenso thematisiert wie animistische Sprechweisen, Bindungen/Wechselwirkungen und chemische Prozesse.
Medical resource utilization of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone added to androgen deprivation therapy in metastatic castration‐naive prostate cancer: Results from LATITUDE
Authors: Li Tracy , Franco‐Villalobos Conrado , Proskorovsky Irina , Sorensen Sonja V. , Tran NamPhuong , Sulur Giri , Chi Kim N.
Published: December 2018

Background

Abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (AA+P), when added to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), demonstrated significant improvements in overall survival and disease progression over dual placebos added to ADT in the LATITUDE clinical trial (NCT01715285). The objective of this study was to assess event‐driven medical resource utilization (MRU) of ADT plus AA+P (ADT+AA+P) versus ADT plus dual placebos (ADT+placebos) in LATITUDE.

Methods

Event‐driven MRU data from LATITUDE while patients were on treatment were used for analyses. Types of MRU included overnight hospitalizations and length of stay (LOS), emergency room (ER) visits, radiotherapy, surgery, imaging, and specialist and general practitioner (GP) visits. Rates by treatment (per 100 person‐years) and rate ratios comparing ADT+AA+P with ADT+placebos were estimated with zero‐inflated Poisson regression. The difference in the average hospital LOS between arms was assessed with repeated measures regression analyses. Reasons for hospitalization were explored. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the results.

Results

A total of 1199 patients were enrolled in LATITUDE. Significantly lower rates of hospitalization (a 24% reduction), imaging (a 36% reduction), and radiotherapy (a 50% reduction) were observed with ADT+AA+P versus ADT+placebos. There was a nonsignificant trend of lower rates of specialist visits and surgery. The rates of ER and GP visits and the average LOS per hospitalization episode were similar across arms. The most common hospitalization reasons were genitourinary, musculoskeletal, and respiratory tract symptoms/disorders. The results remained consistent in a sensitivity analysis.

Conclusions

Adding AA+P to ADT does not increase MRU and leads to lower rates of hospitalization, imaging, and radiotherapy. This likely reflects the more favorable clinical outcomes with ADT+AA+P therapy.