bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Pembelajaran IPA Berbasis STEM Berbantuan ICT untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Abad
Authors: Mu'minah Iim Halimatul , Aripin Ipin
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan pembelajaran berbasis STEM dengan bantuan ICT untuk meningkatkan keterampilan abad 21. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Pre- experiment dengan desain penelitian yang digunakan “one group Pretest-posttest design”. Sampel terdiri dari 6 kelas dan terpilih satu kelas sebanyak 32 siswa. Pada peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa di peroleh skor rata-rata pretest sebesar 69,03 dan skor rata-rata posttest sebesar 82,44 dengan N-Gain sebesar 0,45 dengan kategori sedang. Sedangkan pada peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kreatif siswa diperoleh skor rata-rata pretest sebesar 74,63 dan skor rata-rata posttest  sebesar 87,97 dengan N-Gain sebesar 0,56 dengan kategori sedang. Sedangkan  Peningkatan keterampilan komunikasi dan kolaborasi diperoleh prosentasi diatas 66%, keterampilan komunikasi diperoleh hasil sebesar 67,13% dan keterampilan kolaborasi diperoleh sebesar 74,75% dan termasuk kategori baik. Tanggapan Siswa diperoleh hasil lebih dari 61% yaitu sebesar 68,06% maka termasuk kategori baik pula. Untuk tingkat efektifitas keterlaksanaan pembelajaran  diperoleh hasil diatas 61% yaitu sebesar 72,63%. Maka dapat disimpulkan Pembelajaran IPA BerbasisScience, Technology, Engineering and Mathematic (STEM)berbantuanICT dapat meningkatkan keterampilan Abad 21 dan berjalan dengan baik.
The automorphisms and error orbits of Reed – Solomon codes
Authors: Semyonov S. I. , Lipnitsky V. A.
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this work with its results presented in the article was to develop and transfer to the class of Reed – Solomon codes (RS-codes) the basic provisions of the theory of syndrome norms (TNS), previously developed for the noise-resistant coding of the class of Bose – Chaudhuri – Hocquenghem codes (BCH-codes), which is actively used in theory and practice. To achieve this goal, a transition has been made in the interpretation of the theory of RS-codes from polynomial to matrix language. This approach allows you to fully use the capabilities of Galois field theory. The main difficulty of RS-codes is that they rely on a non-binary alphabet. The same factor is attractive for practical applications of RS-codes. The matrix language allows you to break the syndromes of errors into components that are elements of the Galois field – the field of definition of RS-codes. The TNS for BCH codes is based on the use of automorphisms of these codes – cyclic and cyclotomic substitutions. Automorphisms of RS-codes are studied in detail. The cyclic substitution belongs to the categories of automorphisms of RS-codes and generates a subgroup Г of order N (code length). The cyclotomic substitution does not belong to the class of automorphisms of RS-codes – the power of the alphabet greater than 2 prevents this. When expanding the concept of automorphism of a code beyond substitutions of coordinates of vectors to automorphisms of RS-codes, homotheties or affine substitutions can be attributed, since they also form a cyclic group A of order N. It is shown that cyclic and affine substitutions commute with each other, which, generally speaking, is not typical for linear operators and substitutions. The group Г of cyclic substitutions, the group A of affine substitutions, and the combined AГ group of order N2 generate 3 types of error orbits in RS-codes. The structure of the orbits of errors with respect to the action of groups A, Г and the combined group AГ is studied {231 words}.
Indoor air quality in a preschool
Authors: Telejko Marek
Published: June 2020

The article presents the results of indoor air quality (IAQ) assessment in four local preschools. The natural ventilation system was used in the buildings. Outdoor air was supplied to the premises through a leak in the external walls and air intakes were of maximum efficiency of 30 m3/h. Parameters describing IAQ were measured, such as: temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration. Two series of studies were performed in each preschool. On the basis of the survey, it can be clearly stated that the indoor air quality in preschools is considered to be very low very low. All the analyzed parameters describing the quality do not meet the current legal requirements. Reported values of CO2 concentration exceeded three times the value set of the recommended maximum.
Factors affecting the sound insulation in the prefabricated buildings
Authors: Szudrowicz Barbara , Nowicka Elżbieta
Published: June 2020

The sound insulation in buildings is affected by many factors related to various sound transmission paths between rooms. Among them the following paths can be distinguished: the so called direct path dependent on the sound insulation of the partition between rooms, the structural flanking transmission paths and additional airborne paths due to sound transmission though leaks and ducts linking the rooms (e.g. ventilation ducts). The paper analyzes the influence of these factors on sound insulation in multifamily, prefabricates buildings. Laboratory and field measurement results made by ITB’s Acoustic Department in the period of 1975-85 are presented.
Operational phase problems of prefabricated residential buildings on the example of the objects in the Lublin region
Authors: Fic Stanisław , Szeląg Maciej , Szewczak Andrzej
Published: June 2020

Developed in Poland systems of prefabricated residential buildings provide an opportunity for an effective solution to the basic problem of the period of industrial development which was the lack of an adequate number of apartments. Unfortunately, the degree of realization of objectives due to numerous errors caused problems in the usage of made objects. The paper provides an overview of the basic causes of failures and defects in the prefabricated residential buildings, starting from the design stage, the conditions of transport, assembly of components and ending with negligence resulting from their improper use. The effects of neglect are shown in the examples of buildings from Lublin and the surrounding area as one of the most common technical problems. An analysis of the causes of the faults and their effects in the form of failure and damage of structural elements was shown.
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lublin University of Technology
Authors: Jabłoński Łukasz
Published: June 2020

In this paper the results of the research of T-shape cross-section beams with differently located interface are presented. The cracks pattern and the value of the force causing the interface cracking are analysed. Moreover, the influence of the interface location and the difference of the elastic moduli of joint materials on the stress level in the interface were also analysed.
Experimental tests of post-tensioned girders strengthened with prestressed CFRP composites
Authors: Staśkiewicz Michał , Kotynia Renata , Michels Julien , Czaderski Christoph , Motavalli Masoud
Published: June 2020

The paper presents a research carried out within the framework of the Polish-Swiss “Tulcoempa” project, carried out by Lodz University of Technology and EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology. The main goal of the project was to perform the first field application of an innovative, anchorless flexural strengthening with use of prestressed CFRP laminates on an existing bridge in Poland. Laboratory tests were conducted to verify the efficiency of the strengthening of two real-scale, 18.4m long, post-tensioned bridge girders reconstructed at EMPA institute. Flexural strengthening was successful and resulted in an increase of the member’s load capacity by 24% and reduction of the midspan deflection by more than 60%.
Energy–active expansion segments of steel halls covered with a regular structure with a tie
Authors: Kowal Zbigniew , Piotrowski Rafał
Published: June 2020

The paper presents the concept of energy-active segments construction of steel halls covered with a structure with a tie which contain solar radiation energy absorbers (SE). The following factors were taken into account: 1) slope exceeding 20%, which enables self-clearance of snow from the cover surface and facilitates obtaining energy in the winter period; 2) reducing the width of energy-active expansion segments to 6x3=18m; 3) reducing thermal impact on internal forces and displacements of the structure elements; 4) parallel coupling of the structure elements to maintain load bearing capacity and reliability [2] above these recommended for RC2 class [3]; 5) dividing the cover structure into geometrically invariable assembly segments of the hall, which ensures safe and efficient assembly.
The concept of housing estate A, B, and C in the borough of Felin District in Lublin and its implementation. Panel buildings and problems they pose
Authors: Jarocka-Mikrut Aleksandra , Gleń Piotr
Published: June 2020

This article presents construction-related problems faced in 1990s by a housing estate in Felin District. By presenting various architects whose professional activities focused to some extent on revitalizing panel buildings, the authors of this paper would like to prove that by applying low-budget solutions it is possible to produce such effects that would meet modern society's expectations and demands. The authors focus both on architectural aspects and modern building technologies that can improve the abovementioned problems.  Moreover, they pay particular attention to solutions that could be applied in the case of the estate in Felin.  By providing examples of premises located in this district, the authors of this article focus not only on modernization opportunities for panel buildings but also on their current condition and problems occurring in such premises. By emphasizing the most serious defect and the lack of social, technical, and aesthetic nature of the structures in question, this paper presents the reality of living in panel buildings.  Hence, the authors provide examples of modernization projects that have already been carried out and that are planned to be launched both in Poland and abroad.  This aims at presenting both the potential of modern technology and benefits that may accrue from implementing ideas put forward by creative architects.
Revitalization of prefabricated estate in Lipsko - complement the function of the multi-purpose building
Authors: Wrana Jan , Skoczylas Olga
Published: June 2020

The article is about the monofunction estate near Zwoleńska street in Lipsko (Poland) and its planned extension. This is a typical prefabricated settlement and article might as well refer to the majority of such housing estates in small towns. The first chapter is an introduction to the article and the explanation of a given topic. The next chapter introduces the history of the town and estate, closely correlating with the third chapter, in which the current settlement is shown, its features, problems and plans for development. In the fourth chapter, the authors gives the examples of settlements, whose issue was also, inter alia, a monofunction and which were well revitalized, also through adding new features, and therefore their problems declined. Thanks to this brief overview it was possible to propose a multi-function building to the estate, which is described in chapter five. The final chapter contains the summary of the article.
The role of the technical standard of roads due to traffic safety at nighttime
Authors: Zielinkiewicz Arkadiusz
Published: June 2020

Accident statistics and previous research directly indicate an increased accident risk during deterioration of natural lighting conditions. This increased risk is mainly determined by so-called “human impact”, connected with perception limitations and recognition of situations by nighttime traffic participants. Proper road infrastructure solutions are essential for improvement of driver’s road vision at nighttime. Planning of such solutions requires proper identification of set of accident risk determinants at nighttime. In this paper the attempt to identify of such determinants was performed and the hypothesis that the technical standard of roads is the main infrastructural determinant influencing accident risk at nighttime was verified. Validity of this assumption results from the fact that lower technical standard accompanies lower requirements regarding limits of geometrical parameters, roadside equipment and access control. Thus, with lower technical standard, problems concerning the influence of infrastructure on road safety should appear, especially during nighttime conditions. On the basis of regression accident estimation models, main infrastructural determinants of higher accident risk at nighttime were identified and some design recommendations were formulated.
Issues of criteria normalization in the multicriteria analyzes in the design of roads
Authors: Żabicki Piotr , Gardziejczyk Władysław
Published: June 2020

Multicriteria analysis is a method for supporting the decision process in a situation where there are many variants of road alignments analyzed during the preparation of project documentation of motorways, expressways and bypasses. It is based on an appropriate choice of assessment criteria and weights assigned to them. The aim of the multicriteria analysis is choose the most beneficial variant for road alignment from the point of view of transport, environmental, economic and social criteria. The criteria adopted for the multicriteria analysis can be expressed by using measurable or immeasurable parameters. In order to be able to compare and assess the variants, dimensionless quantities must be assigned to the all criteria. The process of replacing a dimension quantity with a dimensionless one is called normalization. Normalization may be performed on the basis of maximizing the variables (stimulants) or to minimize the variables (destimulants). The analyses presented in the article examine the impact of the adopted method of criteria normalization and the weights of the criteria used for the selection of a road variant.
Evaluation and standardization of technological-organizational solutions of construction processes
Authors: Koper Artur , Marcinkowski Roman
Published: June 2020

This article refers to the analytical researching of the processes of work to establish the rational manners for realizations and standardization models for work planning.
POCUS or no POCUS
Authors: Eissa Mohamed S. , Talab Hesham , Talab Mayar
Published: June 2020

The use of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in the perioperative setting by the anesthesiologists has now become a new demand. It has been proven to improve the patient outcome and to guide clinical management in critical situations. The anesthesiologists are still struggling to obtain POCUS skills and become POCUS competent. In Canada, many institutions have started to integrate POCUS into their anesthesiology training programs to build up a new generation of POCUS trained anesthesiologists.
Prevalence of different pain patterns in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Badakhsh Behzad , Mansouri Feizollah , Gholami Ali , Karimian Mohammad , Kafashian Mohamadreza , Khorshidi Ali , Soltany Behrouz , Mahdikhani Somayeh , Borji Milad , Tarjoman Asma , Nouri Lida
Published: June 2020

Background and Objectives: Pain assessment is very important in these patients, but no comprehensive systematic reviews / meta-analyses (SRs/MAs) have been performed so far. For this reason, this study was performed to determine the prevalence of pain in patients with Covid-19 in the world by SR/MA method.
Do we really need opioids in anesthesia?
Authors: Falières Xavier
Published: June 2020

Since the 1990s, high-income countries have seen an exponential increase in opioid use, misuse, and overdose. This “opioid crisis”, or “opioid epidemic”, began in the USA, spread to Europe, and is now extending to Asia. Today, opioids are still rarely available in many low and middle-income countries. In Pakistan, for instance, the only available opioids are morphine, fentanyl, nalbuphine, and tramadol, and these too are available only in tertiary hospitals. Is there a relationship between opioid exposure during anesthesia and opioid-induced hyperalgesia, hospital readmission, opioid addiction, cancer recurrence, immune system impairment, higher risk of postoperative delirium, and cognitive dysfunction? Signs in the recent literature confirm some of these hypotheses, and reducing opioid use in anesthesia is becoming a necessity. The concept of “opioid-free anesthesia” has emerged over the years in the literature. Is opioid-free anesthesia the solution?  Is it a real paradigm shift? Nevertheless, it is important to keep in mind that stress-induced postoperative pain negatively influences outcome. The use of opioids in the postoperative phase could be necessary, but they have to be titrated and reduced to the minimum needed. Opioid-free postoperative analgesia is a new debate in the literature.
Propofol infusion Syndrome
Authors: Hasan S. Shakir
Published: June 2020

I am writing in order to stress upon the correct and safe rate of propofol infusion in intensive care unit (ICU) as a high rate of infusion can easily be missed and can lead to serious consequences. Propofol infusion syndrome (PRIS) is a well-known entity, which has been reported in both children and adults and is related to its high rates. First death due to PRIS was reported in 1990. The term was originally coined in 1998 by Bray to describe the adverse effects with its use in pediatric population. Though the first case was reported in a child, it has now been increasingly reported in adult ICU patients too.
ESTIMATING ECONOMICAL COSTS FOR OPERATING AGRICULTURAL MACHINES AND EQUIPMENT DURING PLOWING OPERATIONS
Authors: & et al. Taha
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted in a field of Al-mahmodia Region in Baghdad , 2014 to estimate the costs of operating Massy Ferguson tractor and tillage equipment  in a clay loam soil. Three factors studied through the experiment included:- Three linear speeds for tractor were 2.85, 3.77 and 5.83 km/hr. Two types of plows included moldboard and chisel plow and two systems of plowing included one passage and orthogonal passage for each type of plows. The properties which were studied included fuel consumption, oil costs, maintenance and repair costs, labor costs per hectare. The research was done by applying the factorial experiment according to randomized complete block design with four replications and data were analyzed statistically, mean values of each treatment were compared using LSD at the 0.05 level of confidence to test significance. The results showed the following: Using chisel plow in the orthogonal pass led to increase  the rate of fuel consumption, oil costs, maintenance and repair costs and labor costs per hectare, while moldboard plow in one passage achieving decrease the fuel consumption, oil costs, maintenance and repair costs and labor costs . Increasing linear speeds of tractor from 2.85 to 3.77 and 5.83 km/hr caused decreasing in fuel consumption, oil costs, maintenance and repair costs and labor costs per hectare. Linear speed of tractor 5.83 km/hr in one passage indicated significant superiority up on 2.85 and 3.77 km/hr. in achieving decrease the rate of fuel consumption for one hectare.
MEASURRING COW FARMS EFFICIENCY BY USING THE QUALITY RESPONSE
Authors: Ali E. H.
Published: June 2020

In despite of the expansion of using the dummy variables as a explanatory variables, but their using as a dependent variables is still limited, and the reason of that may be return to may problems when using dummy variables as a dependent variables. the study aimed to using the quality Response Models to Measuring Efficiency of cows farms by random sample including (19) farm from (Abi gherak district). The study estimating the transcendental logarithmic production function by using stochastic frontier Analysis (SFA) to interpret the relation between the return achieved from the cows farms as a dependent variables and each of labor and capital as an independent variables. the function indicates that increasing in labor by (100%) will increase the value of production by (8%), while increase the Capital by (3%), then the study using this function to obtain the technical Efficiency which was in average (75%) , and this indicate deviation in actual production than optimal production by ( 25%) , and the farms can achieve it by using the economic resource in optimum Farm , the Efficiency has inverse relation with the volume of cows , it was (78%) in small projects , while it was (73%) in medium projects, the study estimate the Quality Response Models of logit , Propit and tobit to descover the Effect of independent variables ( numbers of birth, years of experience, numbers of cows age breeder and the educational level ) upon the Probability of Efficiency. the study found that the number of births and educational level were the most important variables , and the most Effecting in Efficiency of the cows Farms, throw MCFR2 and LR statistical the study found that tobit Model was the best. the study recommended to expansion in using the Quality Response Models as an effective approach which give an idea about the effect of the independent variable in the qualitive dual variable.
RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS AND PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY FOR PLANTS
Authors: & Majeed Ali
Published: June 2020

Phosphorus (P) is one of the major plant nutrients that directly or indirectly affect all biological processes. It is a key component of energy metabolism, and biosynthesis of nucleic acids and membranes. Phosphorus deficiency is considered to be one of the major limitations for crop production particularly in low-input agriculture systems around the world and nearly 80% of applied mineral P may be retained in the soil.  Roots provide an interface for P moving from one living system—the soil—into another living system—the plant. Microbial processes in soil are important for the distribution of P between various inorganic and organic P fractions and subsequently for the potential availability of phosphate for plant absorption.  These processes are predominantly manifest within the rhizosphere where readily-available C substrates are most abundant. So this review, focus on the contribution of soil microorganisms on the  plant P nutrition through their capacity to increase the availability of soil P and its subsequent uptake   by plants.
EVALUATION THE PERFORMANCE AND STABILITY OF COWPEA SELECTED GENERATIONS UNDER DROUGHT TOLERANCE
Authors: & Abed Al-Temimi
Published: June 2020

A field experiment was conducted at research station of College of Agriculture University of Baghdad in Abu-Griab. The aim was to study early generation of cowpea under water stress regime. The purpose was to diagnose which genotypes have high yield and stability under water deficit. The experiment consisted of two levels of water deficit (50 and 75%) and three genotypes selected and original genotype. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) within split plots arrangement with three replicates in two seasons of 2014 were used. The results revealed that S5 gave highest mean in chlorophyll index and dry matter per induvial plant were 74.66 , 68.44 SPAD. in spring and autumn season respectively. In addition to , S5 had a short period to reproductive phase. S5 gave highest mean seed yield per hectare and water use efficiency were 1246.23 and 2211.84 Kg.ha-1 , 0.19 and 0.51 in spring and autuman seasons, respectively. S4 gave less days to 50% flower were 56.17 and 40.33 in spring and autumn season, respectively. PCV and GCV were so dose in peroxide (13.0 ,12.13%) and (5.70 , 4.68%) in spring and autumn seasons, respectively. Stability values were high in peroxidase , proline , water use efficiency and seed yield (87, 94.3%),( 99.87 , 99.82%), (93.22, 92.33%), (86.5,93.46%) in spring and autumn , respectively. It can be concluded the significant dependance on certain triats in diagnosing the genotypes that tolerated to drought . Therefore S5 was tolerant of drought because of superiority in relative water content. . It is important to use S5 in genotypic and environmental interactions for many years and locations to determine its stability. It can be rationled much quentity of water by following irrigation at 75% . Water deficit which reduced number of irrigation to ten in autumn season, leading to increase of water use efficienly to 0.37 .
ESTIMATION OF SOME GENETIC PARAMETERS OF GROWTH AND YIELD CHARACTERS OF SUNFLOWER UNDER THREE PLANT DENSITIES
Authors: Hassan W.A.
Published: June 2020

To know the genetic variations for some sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) traits under the influence of three plant population (40000, 50000 and 60000 plants.ha-1) for tow varieties (oil and non-oil) of sunflower. The experiments were conducted during spring and fall seasons of 2013, using factorial experiment within RCBD. The plant spaces between the furrows 90 cm and within furrows 27.8, 22.2 and 18.5 cm, which variable due to plant population. The field was fertilized using compound fertilizer (18% N: 18% P2O5) and urea (46%N)at 350 kg. ha-1. The results revealed that there are genotypic and phenotypic homogeneity in both varieties, according to the lowest S , CV, GCV and PCV for most of studied traits. The broad sense heritability values (83-98%) and the 60000 plant population in fall season for most of traits that cause to increase genetic gain (16-42%). It was concluded that number of seeds.head-1 and seeds weight can be used as selection index to improve both varieties.
GROWTH AND YIELD OF PEANUT AS AFFECT BY PLANTING METHOD AND PLANT POPULATION
Authors: & Al-Muger AL-Hilfy
Published: June 2020

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental field, Dept. of Field Crop , Coll. of Agric. Univ. of Baghdad during the yeans of 2010 and 2011 to study growth and yield of peanut as affected by planting methods and plant population. A factorial arrangement in RCBD design with four replications were used , with two factors, the first one: three planting methods (planting on East, West and Twin rows) and the second factor: four spacing between plants (15, 25, 35 and 45) cm. The results showed that the planting method on east produced highest dry weight (117.51, 100.64) g.plant-1, growth rate (625.10, 532.40) mg.plant-1.day-1 , seed yield per plant (25.16, 32.25)g.plant-1, protein percent (26.01, 26.20)% for both seasons respectively. Moreover planting method on twin row  gave highest pod yield (4180, 3842) kg. ha-1, oil percentage (46.00, 46.20)% for both seasons respectively. The highest plant density 15 cm between plants gave highest pods yield (3960 3031 kg.ha-1, seed yield (2328.7, 1761.0) kg. ha-1, oil percentage (46.50, 46.28)%  for both seasons, respectively. The lowest plant density 45 cm between plants gave highest dry weight (124.07, 114.07) g.plant-1, growth rate (659.90, 603.50) mg. plant-1.day-1, seed yield per plant (36.05, 31.07)g. plant-1, protein percentage (26.40, 26.20)% for both seasons, respectively. The planting method on twin row with the high plant density 15 cm gave highest seed yield (2894.1, 2542.0) kg.ha-1, while the planting method on west and the low plant density 45 cm gave the lowest seeds yield (1051.3, 912.0) kg.ha-1 for both seasons, respectively.
RESPONSE OF SOME GENOTYPES OF SOYBEAN TO ASCORBIC ACID SPRAYING
Authors: & et al. Al-Abodi
Published: June 2020

A field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm, Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad /Abu-Ghraib during the growing season of 2009 and 2010 to investigated the effect of spraying of ascorbic acid at three concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5) gm L-1 on some growth characters and yield of three genotypes of soybean (Sori, Lee and Snaea -2-), using RCBD with in split plot arrangement with three replications. The genotypes were in main plots while the concentrations of ascorbic acid were in sub plots. The results showed that the superiority of Sori genotype in branches No. (7.11 and 7.90) branch.plant-1, pods No. (153.44 and 187.43) pod.plant-1, pods weight (133.17 and 173.54) gm and 100 seed weight about 11.01 and 12.78 gm so gave highest plant yield about 91.11 and 95.19 gm.plant-1 for both season respectively. Spraying of ascorbic acid caused significant increase in most studied characters and the concentration 1.5 gm L-1 was superior in branches No. (6.49 and 6.84 branch.plant-1, pods No. (112.95 and 129.56) pod.plant-1, pods weight (101.42 and 118.58) gm and seeds per pod (2.64 and 2.70) seed.pod-1 so gave highest seed yield per plant about 76.82 and 83.90 gm.plant-1 for both season respectively. The best combination was Sori X 1.5 gm L-1 gave highest seed yield per plant about 101.51 and 108.88 gm.plant-1 for both season respectively. The conclusion from this study was: The different genotypes of soybean were different in their response to ascorbic acid spraying and the level 1.5 gm L-1 was the best for all the studied genotypes.
RESPONSE OF CAULIFLOWER PLANTS TO SPRAY WITH NUTRIENTS SOLUTIONS FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES
Authors: Hussein M. A.
Published: June 2020

This study was carried out at experimental field of Horticulture and Landscape Department – College of Agriculture – Baghdad University, during autumn season of 2014. This experiment was aimed to study the effect of foliar spray with algae extract (Algaton-20) at two concentrations (2 and 4ml.L-1) and liquid mineral nutrient (Fosfital calcium) at two concentrations (3 and 6ml.L-1) and the water extract of dry seeds of broad bean at two concentrations (2.5 and 5g.L-1) as different sources of nutrition elements (Mo,B,Ca,K,P,N) beside control treatment in vegetative growth and the nutrition content of curds and production parameters of cauliflower plants cv.Eearly snowball.The study was conducted according to Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The results are shows a significant differences between spraying nutrients solutions and control treatment in all parameters studied, spraying with Algaton-20 (2 ml.L-1) was recorded higher number of leaves.plant-1 and length of petiole and sulfur content in curds while spraying with(4ml.L-1) estimated higher length of assimilative surface and percentage of dry matter and boron content in curds. Spraying with water extract of dry broad bean seeds with (5g.L-1) led to record biggest leaf area and higher content of curds from nitrogen and molybdenum. While spraying with(2.5g.L-1) led to record higher dry weight of vegetative growth and the content of curds from phosphorus and potassium and weight of curds which estimated 0.662 Kg and total weight of plant which estimated 0.679Kg and total yield which estimated 24.33ton.ha-1 compare to control treatment. which meaning that using nutrients from organic and natural source will improve the nutrition values with medicinal importance of the produce with environment less pollution.
KINETICS OF PHOSPHORUS RELEASE FROM ADDED ROCK PHOSPHATE WITH SOME ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON CALCAREOUS SOIL.
Authors: Naser K.M.
Published: June 2020

Laboratory experiment was conducted using silty clay loam soil collected from Agriculture fields in Abu Ghraib to study the release of phosphorus from rock phosphate (10.22 P%) on  a soil treated with three types of organic fertilizers namely; peat moss , sheep manure  , poultry manure and  control treatment (soil only). Ten grams of air dried soil  mixed with 100 mg of ground rock phosphate  and  organic fertilizers added at 2.5% level (w:w) were  incubated at a laboratory temperature (298 K ) after adding  water  up  to two-thirds of the field capacity for 40, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days. Citric  acide  soluble  available phosphorous  was estimated after each incubation periods and kinetic equations used to test its release from treated samples. The additions of chicken manure was the highest in the  amount  of  dissolved phosphorus values followed by sheep manure, peat moss, rock phosphate and control treatment, reaching levels of citric  acide  extractable  phosphorus to  4.2 , 3.8, 3.3, 3.1 and 2.5 mg P kg-1 soil, respectively. The results also showed superiority of first  order equation in the description of phosphorus release from rock phosphate with  release  rate   coefficient  of 3.801 , 3.865 , 4.328 and 4.366 mg P kg -1 soil h-1 for the treatments: soil and rock phosphate only , peat moss, sheep waste and chicken manure, respectively.
SEED YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS OF ALFALFA AS INFLUENCED BY SULFUR AND LAST CUTTING DATE
Authors: & et al. Khrbeet
Published: June 2020

A field study was conducted at the experimental farm, Coll. of Agric., Abu-Ghraib, Baghdad, Iraq during the period from mid of march 2013 to end of August 2014 to investigate the effect of different levels of sulfur (0, 1, 2 and 3 ton. ha-1) and three dates of last cutting (1, 10th and 20th,May 2014)_ on seed yield and it’s components of alfalfa local cultivar, Layout of the experiment was R.C.B.D. arranged in split –plots with three replications. Sulfur levels were used as main plot and the time when last cutting occurs was sub-plot. Results, showed that addition of sulfur at level more than 1 ton.ha-1 (2, 3 ton ha-1) resulted in a significant increasment in the No. of seeds per pod, No. of pods per raceme, No. of racemes per stem, No. of stems per m-2 and seed yield kg.ha-1. While, No. of ovules per floret, % of ovules abortion and 1000 seed weight were not significantly influenced by sulfur levels. Highest seed yield (579.4 Kg ha-1) was obtained when sulfur added at level 2 ton ha-1. Plants, when last cutting occurred on 10th of May produced highest No. of pods per raceme, No. of stems per m-2 and seed yield (530.8 Kg h-1). There were no significant effect of last cutting date on, No. of ovules per floret, No. of seed per pod, % of abortion and 1000 seed weight. There were high positive correlation between seed yield and each of No. of seeds per pods, No. of pods per raceme and No. racemes per stem (+0.880, +0.918 and +0.920) respectively. This result suggests that yield components may be good selection criteria for breeding seed yield of alfalfa cultivars. High seed yield can be obtained from stands received 2 ton ha-1 and last cutting occurred on 10th May.
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION WITH DRIED DILL POWDER (ANETHUM GRANVEOLENS L.) IN DIET ON SOME BLOOD CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILED CHICKENS
Authors: Ali H. A. M.
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementation different levels of dried dill powder with diet on some physiological characteristics of  broiler chickens. 336 chicks, day-old 46 gm weight /chick. Birds were randomly distributed into four treatment groups with three replicates per treatment (28 bird/replicate).Treatments were as follow:T1: control group (without any addition) T2, T3 and T4 adding dried dill powder at levels  0.4 ,0.6, 0.8% respectively. Experiment lasted five weeks, which at the end measurements of protein, glucose, albumin, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in blood serum were done. The results showed  a significant (p<0.05) increase in protein and HDL levels in blood serum of dill treatments compared to control group. While ,albumin  and triglycerides levels were not affected by supplementing the dried dill powder, whereas a significant decrease (p<0.05) in levels of serum glucose, uric acid, cholesterol, LDL and VLDL in T2, T3 and T4.  It can be concluded from this study that supplementation of dried dill powder to broiler diets led to an improvement of lipoprotein blood serum characteristics.
EFFECT OF IRRIGATION METHODS ON WATER CONTENT DISTRIBUTION, WATER AND CORN PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: Masood T. K.
Published: June 2020

Field experiment was carried out during spring seasons of 2015 in AL-Rasheed township southern of Baghdad, Iraq to study the effects of irrigation methods on water content distribution, water use efficiency and yield of corn. Four surface irrigation treatments were used: 100% conventional basin (control), 70% of control treatment basin irrigation,  Conventional furrow and shallow furrow. Water content distribution results showed that shallow furrow irrigation decreased moisture content to 14.7, 18.3 % for 0-10 and 10-20 cm depth respectively, compared to conventional basin irrigation. The result showed that treatments of conventional furrow, shallow furrow and 70% basin irrigation reduced the depth of added water in rate of 33, 28 and 30%, respectively comperd to control treatment (884mm season-1). Conventional furrow irrigation significantly increased corn grain yield to all treatments except conventional basin. In the mean while, other treatment did not differ from the conventional irrigation method. Water use efficiency of conventional furrow irrigation was significantly higher than all other treatments with 80% increment than others. Thus the 70% basin irrigation   and shallow furrow irrigation is more productive  yield when compared with traditional irrigation.
USING OF REMOTE SENSING FOR MONITORING GEOMORPHOLOGICAL TEOMPRAL CHANGES FOR TIGRIS RIVER IN BAGHDAD CITY
Authors: & et al. Muhaimeed
Published: June 2020

Tigris River was chosen as astudy area in Baghdad province to study the geomorphological temporal changes due to the effect of erosion and deposition by remote sensing .Normalized Difference Suspended Sediment Index (NDSSI) was calculated by data of  Landsat 7 and 8 for  +ETM and OLI ,respectively , between 1989 and 2014. Ten sites were selected within five regions represent all geomorphologic forms in the study area starting from Altajee to Alga’ara site located between the longitude 44° 19´ 50.512" E, 33° 23´ 24.754" N and 44° 32´ 07.762" E , 33° 09´ 21.432" N, with distance of 59945 m. The results indicated that there is a difference in the activity of geomorphologic processes associated with the movement of the Tigris River in Baghdad province, particularly sculpture and sedimentation processes. It was easy to find the existence of activity of sedimentation, especially in some curves that have helped to reduce the movement factor of the carrier sediments speed, and the results showed a significant contrast in the sedimentary material area between the selected sites during the study period in the year 2014 than it was in 1989. The results indicated there is an inverse relationship between the sediment guide values and deposits outstanding.
THE USE OF MIXED BIOSOLIDS COMPOST AND SOIL AS AGIRICULTURAL MEDIA FOR PEPPER PRODUCTION
Authors: AL-Janabi A. S. H.
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted in two phases included, production of high quality composts from Bio solids, and the enrichment of this compost through mixing the waste with buffalo, poultry and sewage sludge at ratios of 1: 3 of each and 1: 1: 1: 2 one of them the decomposition and curing process was completed during 14 weeks. Chemical, physical and biological characteristics of mature compost as well as its elemental component and its suitability as agriculture media were determined. The results showed that Coliform bacteria and  Salmonella and Shigella did not appear at the end of maturation. Total fungi count continued to increase to end of maturation when temperature fell to 30 °C. The second phase of the study included, a biological experiment of pepper at plastic house.The experiment included 24 treatment representing six cultural mediums , mixing with soil and fertilizers application. The results of biological experiment revealed that the use of organic media and their mixing with soil or chemical fertilization, led to a significant increase in plant height number of branches per plant, dry matter weight, the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plant leaves, as well as the increase of early and total yield of pepper fruit compared with the soil alone.Mixing of municipal waste with poultry manure at 1:3 was the best among other mixtures. The use of mixed media with the soil at ratio1: 1 on the basis of size with half of the recommended amount of chemical fertilizer gave the best results in vegetative parameters and fruits yield compared with the use of organic media alone or using the recommended does of chemical fertilizer alone.
INFLUENCE OF SPRAYING BY SOME PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON DATE PALM SALT TOLERANCE ENHANCEMENT
Authors: & et al. Al-Sahaf
Published: June 2020

This research was conducted to study the impact of foliar spraying by some plant growth regulators to increase salts tolerance of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Shakar. Thirty young date palm trees (seven years old) and same number of fruiting trees (18 years old) were selected and spraying with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) solutions at the concentrations (0.50, 100 and 150 ppm), Salicylic acid (0, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 mM) and putrescine (0, 0.025, 0.050, 0.1 mM). Results indicated that the application of growth regulators led to reduction trunk diameter comparing with control (121.33 cm). Spraying NAA with concentration of 100 ppm, gave the highest height of the offshoots and a significant difference from the rest of the treatments (253.70 cm). Spraying putrescine with 1.0 mM concentration led to a significant increase in the number of leaves (fronds) as it increased to 24.33 leaf/offshoot, and leaf area which reached 691 cm2. Application of 0.25 mM Salisylic acid increased the number of bunches under saline conditions amounted to 12.67 bunch as well as increased the weight of the fruit to 8.82 g, which differed significantly from the control which gave 7.37 g. As for the size of the fruit, it was found that Spraying of NAA with 100 ppm led to increase the size of the fruit under saline conditions (8.67 cm). We can conclude that the spraying date palm with the above plant growth regulators under saline conditions can lead to increasing absorption of nutrients and subsequent growth and yield improvement.
EFFECT OF BENZYL ADENINE AND SALICYLIC ACID ON GROWTH AND TOTAL ALKALOIDS PRODUCTION OF WETHINIA (Withania somnifera L.) In Vitro
Authors: & Majeed Hamood
Published: June 2020

An experiment  was conducted in the tissue culture laboratory, College of Education For Pure Science, Diyala Uinversity in 2014-2015,to investigate the influences of Benzyl adenine and Salicylic acid on  growth and total alkaloids production for Wethinia plant )Withania somnifera L (.in vitro .Four concentrations of Benzyl Adenine)BA (0.0, 1, 2 and 3 mg.l-1, which were represented with A0  ،A1 ، A2  and A3  were used respectively، and also four concentrations of Salicylic acid (SA( 0, 10, 20, and 30 mg.l-1 which were represented with B0, B1,B2 and B3 respectively, with the interaction between of Benzyl adenine and Salicylic acid,these are concentrations added to culture media(MS) in multiplication stages. Seeds were soaked with gibberellic acid 500 mg.L-1  for 18 h at room temperature.Benzyl adenine at 1 mg.L-1 significantly increased shoots number 4.22, and Chlrophyll content 34.07 SPAD Unit ,there was no significant differences at 2 mg.L-1 in leaves number12.05 ,11.32, fresh and dry weight of vegetative parts 1.42, 1.40g, and 0.134, 0.128 g, also the addition of SA at 10 mg.L-1 led to increased in number of shoots 3.45, number of  leaves 14.05, dry weight of vegetative parts 0.140 g ,and  fresh weight of root system 0.06 g, there was no significant differences at 20 mg.L-1 in Chlrophyll content 33.77, 35.47 SPAD Unit, fresh weight of vegetative parts,1.47,  1.40g, number of roots 18.00,20.10,  and  percentage of rooting 7.89% ,8.51%. Interaction between of Benzyl adenine and Salicylic acid (A1B1) showed a significant superiority in all studed  vegetative  characters, there was no significant differences with (A2B1) in leaves number15.30, 14.80 leaf, fresh  weight of vegetative parts1.61,1.59 g, dry weight of vegetative parts 0.160 ,0.160 g, A0B1 treat ment which rooted and acclimated  gave 0.105 mg.g-1 total alkaloids.Benzyl adenine at  2 mg.l-1  increased total  alkaloids   0.091 mg.g-1, Salicylic acid at 10 mg.l-1 increased total  alkaloids0.091 mg.g-1,also Interaction  of treatments A2B1  and  A1B1  show a  significant superiority of  total  alkaloids 0.101, 0.100 mg.g-1as  compared with A0B0 which gave lowest content 0.029  mg.g-1.
RESPONSE GREEN BEANS TO SPRAY SOME MICRONUTRIENTS AND ADITION ORGANIC FERTILIZER
Authors: & Al-JUMAIL Al-DULAIMI
Published: June 2020

This experiment carried out at the research station of the College of Agriculture-University of Baghdad during seasons, spring and autumn 2015. Used in agriculture seeds of hybrid primal, one of the short Cultivars. the aim of the experiment study the effect of iron, zinc spray and add organic nutrient in the vegetative growth and plant yield of green beans. The experiment was designed as an experiment factorial 3 * 4 and three blocks according to the experimental design RCBD includes every block 12 treatments resulting from interaction spray four treatments (0, 0.5 Zn ml. L-1water, 2g Fe.L-1 water and Fe + Zn) and add three levels of humic acid (0, 2 and 3) kg ha-1, after melted in a calculated amount of water and insert into the slot  around the plants per experimental unit.  The results showed the superiority of the treatment of M4 (Fe + Zn) and also the treatment of H2 (3kg  ha Humic) in the studied traits As for coefficients interaction has excelled M4H2 by giving altitude plant higher amounted 59.56 and 53.57cm, the number of branches 5.18 and 4.45 branch. Plant-1, leaf area 67.07 and 54.88dm2 plant-1, the concentration of chlorophyll in the leaves were 238 and 248mg. 100g-1 fresh weight, dry weight of vegetative growth were 63.73 and 54.48g. plant-1, the percentage of flour set were 62.00 and 66.67%, one Plant yield 176.70 and 133.99g.Plant-1 for two seasons, spring and autumn every traits sequentially.
NUMERICAL RESPONSE AND EFFICIENCY OF CONVERSION OF INGESTED FOOD OF PREDATOR Dicrodiplosis manihoti Harris, (DIPTERA : CECIDOMYIIDAE) FOR EGGS DENSITIES OF MEALY BUG Planococcus citri (Risso),(HEMIPTERA :PSEUDOCOCCIDAE) .
Authors: & Al-Shammari Al-Zubaidy
Published: June 2020

The results of numerical response showed to increasing rates of egg production for the predator female with prey density increases, noting of a positive correlation between the number of eggs lying by the female predator and prey density, Being 7, 13.1, 17 and 30 eggs/female during her life when making egg densities of prey 10, 20, 40 and 60 eggs/day during the period of development of Larval ages respectively.  Statistical analysis results have pointed to the moral differences between those rates at 0.05 probability level. Food conversion efficiency was marked by ECI also increases with increasing density of prey . Food conversion efficiency to  eggs by female predator increased  in high densities of prey compared with low  densities as well as reduced food efficiency with increasing density of prey  where when lying densities and decreased when high densities prey. It also shortened the duration of phases three predator when prey density increases amounting to (2.74, 3.37, 9.15) and(1.62, 4.32, 5.04), (1.86, 2.82, 4.07) and (1.16 , 2.89, 3.42) consecutive days so that the total duration of Larval stage 15.26, 10.98, 8.75 and 7.47 days respectively with high significance deference. As well as high rates of predation 80, 74.24, 96.52 and 116.91 egg respectively and moral difference in egg consumption rates between larval stages as well as during the period of Larval stages  at probability 0.05.  survival rates also increased  for the  larval, pupal  and   adults stages  when the density of the prey increased  with high  significance  difference.