bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taxonomic reassessment of Gracilaria cearensis (Rhodophyta, Gracilariales), a poorly defined yet common flattened species based on morphological and molecular analysis including topotype collections
Authors: Soares Luanda Pereira , Gurgel Carlos Frederico Deluqui , Fujii Mutue Toyota
Published: March 2015

The genus Gracilaria is the major source of agarose in the world today and is one of the most species-rich genera in the Rhodophyta. Flat Gracilaria species are among the most taxonomically challenging taxa due to their widespread phenotypic plasticity among all species. Gracilaria cearensis is a flat species described in 1965 from Brazil. Its original description is not conducive to accurate taxonomic identifications and the delineation of this taxon remains elusive. New samples of G. cearensis were collected across a coastal length of 500 km including its type locality. Universal Plastid Amplicon (UPA) and the rbcL gene were used to confirm the phylogenetic and taxonomic status of this poorly known species. Results showed that this is a distinct species despite morphological similarities to G. hayi, G. cuneata, G. curtissiae, G. brasiliensis and G. galetensis. G. cearensis is sister to G. hayi yet the genetic divergence between these two species was 2% for rbcL and 1.08% for UPA, enough to consider them distinct taxa. However, newly generated molecular data placed G. smithsoniensis, another morphologically similar species, as conspecific with G. cearensis with only 0.07% rbcL sequence divergence between them.
Piper delirioi (Piperaceae), a new species from southeastern Brazil
Authors: Sarnaglia Junior Valderes Bento , Guimarães Elsie Franklin
Published: March 2015

Piper delirioi Sarnaglia & E. F. Guim. (Piperaceae), is a new species from southeastern Brazil (Espírito Santo State) proximately related to P. aduncum and P. gaudichaudianum. Although considered a taxonomic novelty, it is already regarded as endangered by the IUCN standards, due to its limited distribution area of about 250 km². We present complete description, taxonomic and geographic notes, and illustrations.
The true identity of Tectaria nesiotica Holttum (Tectariaceae), with comments on the species identification in Pleocnemia (Dryopteridaceae)
Authors: ZHAO HUI-GUO , Dong Shi-Yong
Published: March 2015

The species Tectaria nesiotica Holttum, described from New Guinea, is confirmed to be a member of the genus Pleocnemia and thus a new combination, P. nesiotica, is proposed here. It superficially resembles some species of Tectaria with large, finely dissected fronds and with veins anastomosing only along costae but differs in venation pattern. Within Pleocnemia, P. nesiotica is readily distinguished from other species by the blackish rachis and the sori confined to the apex of pinnule lobes. We fail to provide a key to all known species of Pleocnemia from New Guinea because for this group the species concept is currently very confusing, which was probably resulted from the incomplete herbarium specimens and the overemphasis of the character, sori indusiate or not, in recognizing species. Field observations are called for the clarification of species boundary in Pleocnemia.
Barilius ardens (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), a new species from the Western Ghats, India, with redescription of B. malabaricus and B. canarensis
Authors: KNIGHT J. D. MARCUS , RAI ASHWIN , D’SOUZA RONALD K. P. , VIJAYKRISHNAN BALAJI
Published: March 2015

The identities of Barilius canarensis and B. malabaricus have hitherto been confused. An attempt to resolve their identities by examining fresh collections from their respective type localities, i.e., southern Karnataka and northern Kerala, yielded a new species, which is herein described as B. ardens. The new species differs from B. canarensis and B. malabaricus by the presence of a row of 7–9 large vertically elongate blotches on the flank, in large adults the first three blotches broken into a smaller row of intercalate spots (vs. two rows of spots: the first consisting of 9–11oval spots, the second with 3–4 smaller spots); and 5+4+3 (vs. 5+4+2) pharyngeal teeth. The new species is distinguished from B. bakeri by having 5+4+3 (vs. 5+4+2) pharyngeal teeth; and the dorsal and anal fins margined with bright orange (vs. white). Barilius malabaricus (hitherto in the synonymy of B. canarensis) is shown to be a valid species distinguished from the latter by having 11½ (vs. 10½) branched dorsal-fin rays and 14½–15½ (vs. 13½) branched anal-fin rays; both species are redescribed.
Two new species of the genus Pediculaster (Acari: Pygmephoridae) from Western Siberia, Russia
Authors: KHAUSTOV ALEXANDER A.
Published: March 2015

Two new species of the genus Pediculaster Vitzthum, 1931 (Acari: Pygmephoroidea: Pygmephoridae), P. ermilovi sp. nov. and P. lignarius sp. nov. are described from rotten logs in Tyumen, Western Siberia, Russia. A key to phoretic females of Palaearctic species of the genus Pediculaster is provided.
A new species of the genus Typton Costa (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae: Pontoniinae) from the eastern tropical Pacific
Authors: AYÓN-PARENTE MANUEL , HENDRICKX MICHEL E. , GALVAN-VILLA CRISTIAN MOISES
Published: March 2015

A new species of commensal shrimp of the genus Typton from holothurians is described and illustrated. The specimens were collected from a single specimen of Holothuria (Halodeima) inornata Semper, 1868 at a depth of 7 m. This is the first record of an association between a shrimp of the genus Typton and echinoderms. With this record, five species of Typton are now known from the eastern Pacific region and four of them are found in the Mexican Pacific. In Typton granulosus sp. nov., the distal part of the outer margin of the uropodal exopod is serrated, a feature shared with T. fapespae Almeida et al., 2014, T. holthuisi De Grave, 2010, T. prionurus Holthuis, 1951, T. serratus Holthuis, 1951, and T. spongicola Costa, 1844. However, the new species can be separated from the other five species of the genus by several morphological characters.
Office-Based Balloon Sinus Dilation
Authors: Sikand Ashley , Silvers Stacey L. , Pasha Raza , Shikani Alan , Karanfilov Boris I. , Harfe Dan T. , Sillers Michael J. ,   for the ORIOS 2 Study Investigators
Published: March 2015

Objective:

Balloon sinus dilation (BSD) instruments afford the opportunity for office-based sinus procedures in properly selected patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). This study evaluated patient-reported outcomes 1 year after office-based BSD.

Methods:

Adult patients with medically refractory CRS were prospectively enrolled into a multicenter, single-arm study and treated with office-based BSD under local anesthesia. Follow-up on 203 patients was conducted at 2, 8, and 24 weeks postsurgery using validated outcome measures for quality of life (SNOT-20) and computed tomography imaging (Lund-Mackay score). After 24 weeks, patients were re-enrolled for 1-year follow-up to evaluate changes in SNOT-20 scores and revisions.

Results:

All patients who re-enrolled (n = 122) completed the study, with an average follow-up of 1.4 years. Neither preoperative SNOT-20 nor Lund-Mackay CT scores were predictive of re-enrollment and return for follow-up. Compared to baseline, improvements in SNOT-20 scores remained statistically significant ( P < .001) and clinically meaningful (mean decrease ≥ 0.8). In patients followed to 1.4 years, 9 of 122 (7.4%) had revision surgery.

Conclusion:

Following office-based BSD, significant improvements in quality of life observed at 24 weeks were maintained 1 year postsurgery. These extended results provide further evidence of office-based BSD as an effective, minimally invasive procedure for appropriately selected patients with CRS.
Non-destructive evaluation of composite repairs by using infrared thermography
Authors: Poudel Anish , Mitchell Keven R , Chu Tsuchin P , Neidigk Stephen , Jacques Carl
Published: March 2015

Composite structures are found in modern aircraft designs ranging from air transport to general aviation. Maintenance repair technology varies for each original equipment manufacturer and aircraft type. This research reports on two different composite repair methods commonly used within the composite aviation industry and how they compare when inspected with transient infrared thermography non-destructive evaluation technique. Composite sandwich test coupons made with carbon fiber laminate, nomex honeycomb, and glass fiber laminate were used for this work. Impact damages were generated in the sandwich test coupons and repairs were conducted by following repair procedures of two leading general aviation composite aircraft manufactures. During the repair process, controlled flaws were also induced to simulate bad repairs with weak bond areas, disbonds, and excessive porosity. During transient infrared thermography, several patches were identified that contained wrinkles, porosity, and disbond defects in the repaired panels. The indications were evaluated utilizing the time vs. temperature plot curves and profile data. The porosity indications displayed significant variations compared to the surrounding areas and were subsequently deemed defects as a result of the data.
Inequality in housing affordability: Measurement and estimation
Authors: Ben-Shahar Danny , Warszawski Jacob
Published: March 2015

This research proposes and examines a new measure for assessing the state of housing affordability inequality. We employ a large micro-level data set by which we estimate and evaluate the time-varying housing affordability inequality in Israel over the period 1992–2011. Results show that our developed housing affordability inequality Gini coefficient has considerably increased in the past decade. Moreover, controlling for changes in net income inequality and macroeconomic conditions, housing affordability inequality is found to positively correlate with average housing prices (computed in net income terms). Outcomes are robust to the alternative Atkinson inequality index. Furthermore, our method allows for an examination of segmentation in housing affordability. We find that segmentation particularly prevails across household head’s gender, family status, working status, the number of income providers in the household and household geographical residence. Research outcomes may direct policymakers in designing policies aiming to reduce inequality and segmentation in housing affordability.
Individual and contextual socioeconomic status and community satisfaction
Authors: Hannscott Lauren
Published: March 2015

This study utilises the Pew Research Center’s 2008 survey on Social and Demographic Trends to examine both individual and contextual socioeconomic status in relation to community satisfaction. My focus on socioeconomic diversity, a measure of contextual socioeconomic status, allows for the examination of two antecedents of satisfaction: preferences and experiences. Specifically, I ask: Who wants socioeconomic diversity? Who has socioeconomic diversity? And who is satisfied? I find that higher socioeconomic status is associated with both having a preference for socioeconomic diversity and living in a diverse community. However, having a preference for diversity, in and of itself, is not significantly related to living in a more socioeconomically diverse community. Finally, the study reveals that both individual (education and income) and contextual (percent unemployment) socioeconomic measures are associated with community satisfaction. However, neither preferences for nor experiences with diversity are significant predictors of community satisfaction.
Kierkegaardian misreadings of Walker Percy’s The Moviegoer
Authors: Crowe David
Published: March 2015

In 1974, Walker Percy interpreted his own novel, The Moviegoer, as both an illustration and a test of Kierkegaard’s existentialist theology. As part of this reading, Percy confessed reservations about Kierkegaard’s schema, asserting that a Thomist understanding of faith as eminently reasonable was preferable to Kierkegaard’s understanding of faith emerging from deeply private despair. Many critics have followed Percy’s lead and argued for a Thomist Catholic resolution to an otherwise Kierkegaardian novel. Yet Percy made the novel, perhaps intentionally, truer to Kierkegaard’s schema than critics have recognized. This article recognizes new signs of Binx’s despair, and the possibility that his leap into faith is absurd rather than rational.
The Anatomic Distribution of Malignant and Premalignant Glottic Lesions and Its Relations to Smoking
Authors: Shoffel‐Havakuk Hagit , Halperin Doron , Yosef Liron , Haimovich Yaara , Lahav Yonatan
Published: March 2015

Objective

To describe the anatomic location and distribution of glottic dysplasia and early glottic cancer.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Tertiary care referral center.

Subjects and Methods

Review of 167 glottic dysplasia or carcinoma patients between 2008 and 2013. Lesions were described in terms of location and size, and a novel grid system was used to map out anatomic distribution.

Results

Seventy‐eight patients with dysplasia and 89 with early glottic carcinoma were included. One hundred twenty‐eight were smokers and 39 nonsmokers. The medial aspect of the vocal fold was more involved than the superior aspect, 95% versus 71%, respectively (P <. 001). The superior aspect was more involved in smokers, 77% versus 51% in nonsmokers (P =. 0016). Using a grid system, the most involved area was the midpoint of the membranous vocal fold at the transition between the superior and medial aspects. Ninety‐seven percent of the lesions occupied this specific area, with no difference between smokers and nonsmokers. The vocal process mucosa was involved in 48 patients. Exclusive vocal process involvement was limited to 2 cases. All other 46 patients demonstrated extensive disease, encompassing more than half of the vocal fold’s length. Carcinomatous lesions tended to be larger relative to dysplastic lesions. Otherwise, all lesion types showed a similar pattern of distribution.

Conclusions

Premalignant and malignant glottic lesions tend to involve the medial aspect of the vocal fold and the midpoint of the membranous part in particular. In smokers, lesions tend to be larger on presentation and are more likely to involve the superior aspect.
Primary cardiac leiomyosarcoma: An analysis of clinical characteristics and outcome patterns
Authors: Wang Ji-Gang , Cui Li , Jiang Tao , Li Yu-Jun , Wei Zhi-Min
Published: March 2015

Background

Primary cardiac leiomyosarcoma is an extremely rare entity. There is no accumulated knowledge about the clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies for this tumor. This study aimed to systematically review the available literature to investigate the clinicoradiologic and clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment, and outcomes in patients with primary cardiac leiomyosarcoma.

Methods

We identified 79 instances derived from 72 unique reports and carefully analyzed all clinical presentations, imaging, pathology, treatments, and outcomes.

Results

The mean age at onset was 48 years. A symptom of obstruction was the most frequent complaint at diagnosis. Routine imaging methods such as echocardiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging had high sensitivity in diagnosis. The tumor has a poorer life expectancy than its counterparts in other sites. The 5-year overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates were 25.4% and 14.7%, respectively. Overall survival was affected by age, surgery, and adjunctive chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that primary cardiac leiomyosarcomas tend to be biologically more aggressive compared to their counterparts in other sites. However, complete resection and adjunctive chemotherapy or radiotherapy may help to increase the life expectancy.
Clinical outcomes of first-line antiretroviral therapy in Latin America: analysis from the LATINA retrospective cohort study
Authors: Angriman Federico , Belloso Waldo H , Sierra-Madero Juan , Sánchez Jorge , Moreira Ronaldo Ismerio , Kovalevski Leandro O , Orellana Liliana C , Cardoso Sandra Wagner , Crabtree-Ramirez Brenda , La Rosa Alberto , Losso Marcelo H
Published: March 2015

Nearly 2 million people are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Latin America. However, information regarding population-scale outcomes from a regional perspective is scarce. We aimed to describe the baseline characteristics and therapeutic outcomes of newly-treated individuals with HIV infection in Latin America. A Retrospective cohort study was undertaken. The primary explanatory variable was combination antiretroviral therapy based on either a protease inhibitor (PI) or a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). The main outcome was defined as the composite of all-cause mortality and the occurrence of an AIDS-defining clinical event or a serious non-AIDS-defining event during the first year of therapy. The secondary outcomes included the time to a change in treatment strategy. All analyses were performed according to the intention to treat principle. A total of 937 treatment-naive patients from four participating countries were included (228 patients with PI therapy and 709 with NNRTI–based treatment). At the time of treatment initiation, the patients had a mean age of 37 (SD: 10) years and a median CD4 + T-cell count of 133 cells/mm3 (interquartile range: 47.5–216.0). Patients receiving PI-based regimens had a significantly lower CD4 + count, a higher AIDS prevalence at baseline and a shorter time from HIV diagnosis until the initiation of treatment. There was no difference in the hazard ratio for the primary outcome between groups. The only covariates associated with the latter were CD4 + cell count at baseline, study site and age. The estimated hazard ratio for the time to a change in treatment (NNRTI vs PI) was 0.61 (95% CI 0.47–0.80, p < 0.01). This study concluded that patients living with HIV in Latin America present with similar clinical outcomes regardless of the choice of initial therapy. Patients treated with PIs are more likely to require a treatment change during the first year of follow up.
Information Graphics and Intuition
Authors: Jones John
Published: March 2015

Professional communication scholars have critiqued the idea that visual styles derived from cognitive theories of human perception can be universally understood by all people and thus effective in all rhetorical situations. Cognitive heuristics, or mental shortcuts that influence how individuals make decisions, provide a framework for reconciling the perceptual features of visualizations with the cultural and contextual features of particular rhetorical situations. This article analyzes information graphics using the heuristics of representativeness, availability, and affect, applying this analysis to a techne of visual design that accounts for both intuitive and contextual reasoning.
High-dose antipsychotics: addressing patients' resistance to physical health monitoring
Authors: Murphy Paula Marie , Iles Andrew , Sreedharan Suja
Published: March 2015

High-dose antipsychotics are sometimes used in clinical practice when patients fail to respond to treatment at standard doses. Owing to the potential physical complications associated with this, strict adherence to physical health monitoring is essential. Challenges arise for clinicians when patients refuse to cooperate with this monitoring. We discuss different interventions to overcome this problem, many of which are coercive in nature, and consider their professional, ethical and legal implications. We include a flow diagram to assist clinicians in their documentation and decision-making in these circumstances as well as case vignettes showing when monitoring under restraint is and is not justifiable.
Long-term effects of antipsychotics
Authors: Moncrieff Joanna
Published: March 2015

Antipsychotics are useful at reducing acute symptoms, but recent evidence calls into question their long-term efficacy and raises concern about adverse effects on the brain.
A Stereological Analysis of NPY, POMC, Orexin, GFAP Astrocyte, and Iba1 Microglia Cell Number and Volume in Diet-Induced Obese Male Mice
Authors: Lemus Moyra B. , Bayliss Jacqueline A. , Lockie Sarah H. , Santos Vanessa V. , Reichenbach Alex , Stark Romana , Andrews Zane B.
Published: March 2015

The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) contains 2 key neural populations, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC), and, together with orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus, plays an integral role in energy homeostasis. However, no studies have examined total neuronal number and volume after high-fat diet (HFD) exposure using sophisticated stereology. We used design-based stereology to estimate NPY and POMC neuronal number and volume, as well as glial fibrillary acidic protein (astrocyte marker) and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (microglia marker) cell number in the ARC; as well as orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. Stereological analysis indicated approximately 8000 NPY and approximately 9000 POMC neurons in the ARC, and approximately 7500 orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. HFD exposure did not affect total neuronal number in any population. However, HFD significantly increased average NPY cell volume and affected NPY and POMC cell volume distribution. HFD reduced orexin cell volume but had a bimodal effect on volume distribution with increased cells at relatively small volumes and decreased cells with relatively large volumes. ARC glial fibrillary acidic protein cells increased after 2 months on a HFD, although no significant difference after 6 months on chow diet or HFD was observed. No differences in ARC ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 cell number were observed in any group. Thus, HFD affects ARC NPY or POMC neuronal cell volume number not cell number. Our results demonstrate the importance of stereology to perform robust unbiased analysis of cell number and volume. These data should be an empirical baseline reference to which future studies are compared.
Highly Stereoselective Carbon–Carbon Bond-forming Reactions on Cyclopropane Rings Using 1-(Methoxycarbonyl)cyclopropylzinc Bromides
Authors: Sakuma Daichi , Yamada Kenta , Sasazawa Kazuya , Nishii Yoshinori
Published: March 2015

Highly stereoselective Reformatsky reaction and Pd-catalyzed arylation using 1-(alkoxycarbonyl)cyclopropylzinc bromide proceeded to give the trans-adduct as the major product in good to high yields with good to excellent stereoselectivities.
A Prism Carbon Molecule C20
Authors: Ohno Koichi , Satoh Hiroko , Iwamoto Takeaki
Published: March 2015

A new carbon family with a prism structure has been found by quantum chemical calculations. The prism-C20 has a D10h structure with double-layered decagonal rings connected each other by ten vertical CC bonds. The CC bond lengths are 0.144 nm on the decagonal rings and 0.148 nm on the side faces. The diameter of the ring is 0.465 nm. The prism-C20 is expected to be stable, since the lowest energy barrier from it was estimated to be 158.0 kJ mol−1.
Swift Analysis for Size and Geometry Optimization of Structures
Authors: Rahami H. , Kaveh A. , Shojaei I.
Published: March 2015

In this paper an efficient method is presented to reduce the computational complexity of analysis of structures in the process of size and geometry optimization by genetic algorithms. Applying the present method, results in simultaneously swift analysis and optimal design of structures. In this method, using matrix computations, fast solution of the structures is obtained. The analysis of the structures in the optimal design via GA, includes the solution of the relationship F = KΔ in each generation of the genetic algorithm. Inverting the stiffness matrix in each generation and for each population for finding the displacements and internal forces is very time-consuming and costly. Here, using a closed-form matrix solution, compatible with the features of genetic algorithms, the amount of computations is decreased. The optimal analysis of optimal size is performed using a modified solution for structures with changed members and the optimal analysis of optimal geometry is done via a modified solution for structures with changed supports and nodes. To make the method more efficient, proper orderings are presented using the concept of Fiedler vector and partitioning matrices.
Global Parametric Identification of a Cable-Stayed Bridge Model under Vertical Excitations Using SNLSE Approach
Authors: Huang Hongwei , Sun Yisha , Yang Jann N.
Published: March 2015

Global assessment of structural conditions is important for structural health monitoring system. Especially, identification of structural parameters based solely on vibration data measured from sensors has become a popular topic in the field of civil engineering. The problem becomes extremely challenging when the number of sensors installed is limited. In this paper, a newly proposed online system identification technique, referred to as the sequential nonlinear LSE (SNLSE) approach, will be studied for global parametric identification of an experimental cable-stay bridge model. A dynamic equivalent model of the bridge will be established and the finite element analysis will be carried out. Both numerical and experimental studies will be conducted and different damage scenarios and limited number of response data will be considered. The capability of the proposed SNLSE approach in identifying the structural parameters and assessing the structural conditions will be verified.
A Physiological Performance Profile of a World Record Holder Masters Race Walker
Authors: Bliss Alex , Gary Brickley
Published: March 2015

The aim of the present paper was to investigate the relationship between physiological laboratory assessment and race performance in a masters endurance race walker. The participant was a 65 year-old male former Olympian who now competes on the international masters circuit. The participant performed three laboratory visits over a 13-week period. The participant competed in four races over distances from 3 km to 30 km and achieved a new age category (M65) world record in the 30 km discipline. The results here suggest a close relationship between velocity at lactate threshold and performance time in the 30 km event. The participant is an example of “exceptionally successful aging”. This paper could be a useful tool for endurance athletes of similar ages and their coaches when analysing their own performance.
A Laplace Transform Method for the Image In-Painting
Authors: Kokulan N. , Lai C.-H.
Published: March 2015

There are many image processing techniques based on partial differential equations that perform well, but they consume much computational time. It's vital that rapid and efficient ways of solving these equations are developed. Use of the Laplace transforms permits solution to the time dependent problems in a parallel environment. The solution procedure requires numerical computation of an inverse Laplace transform of which the Stehfest method was examined in the tests. We investigated the performance and efficiency of using the Laplace transform technique for the solution of a mathematical model related to image in-painting and compared the results with temporal integration.
Linking Electronic Health Records to Better Understand Breast Cancer Patient
Pathways Within and Between Two Health Systems
Authors: Thompson Caroline A. , Kurian Allison W. , Luft Harold S.
Published: March 2015

Introduction: In a fragmented health care system, research can be challenging when
one seeks to follow cancer patients as they seek care which can continue for months or
years and may reflect many physician and patient decisions. Claims data track patients,
but lack clinical detail. Linking routine electronic health record (EHR) data with
clinical registry data allows one to gain a more complete picture of the patient journey
through a cancer care episode. However, valid analytical approaches to examining care
trajectories must be longitudinal and account for the dynamic nature of what is “seen”
in the EHR.Methods: The Oncoshare database combines clinical detail from the California
Cancer Registry and EHR data from two large health care organizations in the same
catchment area—a multisite community practice and an academic medical center—for all
women treated in either organization for breast cancer from 2000 to 2012. We classified
EHR encounters data according to typical periods of the cancer care episode (screening,
diagnosis, treatment) and posttreatment surveillance, as well as by facility used to
better characterize patterns of care for patients seen at both
organizations.Findings: We identified a “treated” cohort consisting of women receiving
interventions for their initial cancer diagnosis, and classified their encounters over
time across multiple dimensions (type of care, provider of care, and timing of care with
respect to their cancer diagnosis). Forty-three percent of the patients were treated at
the academic center only, 42 percent at the community center only, and 16 percent of the
patients obtained care at both health care organizations. Compared to women seen at only
one organization, the last group had similar-length initial care episodes, but more
frequently had multiple episodes and longer observation periods.Discussion: Linking EHR
data from neighboring systems can enhance our information on care trajectories, but
careful consideration of the complexity of the treatment process and data generating
mechanisms is necessary to make valid inferences.Conclusion/Next Steps: If analyzed as a
timeline, and with careful characterization of diagnostic tests, surgical interventions,
and type and frequency of physician encounters, the pathways taken by women through
their breast cancer episode may lead to better understanding of patient
decisions.
Supported Decision-Making and the Human Right of Legal Capacity
Authors: Glen Kristin Booth
Published: March 2015

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons With Disabilities (CRPD) establishes a new paradigm of supported decision-making, rather than guardianship or substituted decision-making, for people with intellectual disability (ID). Article 12 of the CRPD guarantees every person's right to legal capacity—to make her/his own decisions and have those decisions legally recognized—and specifically requires governments to provide people with ID the supports they may need to exercise legal capacity. The Article describes the human rights regime and explores different forms of supported decision-making and legislative efforts to abolish guardianship. It calls for a paradigm shift in how we view people with ID, from inquiry into what a person cannot do, to supports necessary to enable her/him to make her/his own decisions, and the legal efforts necessary to ensure that such decisions are recognized by third parties including financial institutions, healthcare providers, and government agencies.
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 3 Is Downregulated and Its Expression Is Shifted From Neurons to Astrocytes in the Mouse Lateral Septum During the Postpartum Period
Authors: Zhao Changjiu , Gammie Stephen C.
Published: March 2015

Summary

The inhibitory metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGluR3) plays diverse and complex roles in brain function, including synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission. We recently found that mGluR3 is downregulated in the lateral septum (LS) of postpartum females using microarray and qPCR analysis. In this study, we used double fluorescence immunohistochemical approaches to characterize mGluR3 changes in LS of the postpartum brain. The number of mGluR3-immunoractive cells was significantly reduced in the dorsal (LSD) and intermediate (LSI) but not ventral (LSV) parts of the LS in postpartum versus virgin females. mGluR3 immunoreactivity in the LS was found predominantly in neurons (~70%), with a smaller portion (~20%–30%) in astrocytes. Colocalization analysis revealed a reduced mGluR3 expression in neurons but an increased astrocytic localization in postpartum LSI. This change in the pattern of expression suggests that mGluR3 expression is shifted from neurons to astrocytes in postpartum LS, and the decrease in mGluR3 is neuron-specific. Because mGluR3 is inhibitory and negatively regulates glutamate and GABA release, decreases in neuronal expression would increase glutamate and GABA signaling. Given our recent finding that ~90% of LS neurons are GABAergic, the present data suggest that decreases in mGluR3 are a mechanism for elevated GABA in LS in the postpartum state.
Of mice and music: Image, soundtrack and historical possibility
Authors: Shanks Coinneach
Published: March 2015

Jazz and animation enjoyed an organic relationship in what was the developmental period for both forms. During the Jazz Age, from the 1920s to the early 1930s, jazz provided frequent animation soundtracks. For the most popular and enduring cartoon characters, it was their music of choice. Two forms with clear structural similarities of syncopation and rhythm temporarily merged. Together they created a timescape or representational space that critically challenged taken for granted relationships with the modern(ist) world. In an anti-realist attack on modernism, animated characters asked critical questions of their audience in a similar way to Brecht’s epic theatre. In an alliance with jazz, they unmasked hidden aspects of society and its technological marvels in a questioning, revealing and confrontational manner. The article takes a phenomenological ‘letterbox’ approach to the period. Three case studies of early animation and jazz, Felix the Cat, Mickey Mouse and Betty Boop, are employed to demonstrate a distinctive collaboration between the visual and sonic. The article argues that the comparatively marginalized position of two improvised forms allowed for the development of a critical artistic movement identified by the Frankfurt School. In particular, Walter Benjamin and Theodor Adorno recognized that popular or ‘low art’ was not merely a reflection of economic life but constituted a conscious, active force for change. The subterranean and often subversive values of the animation–jazz alliance were quickly recuperated, but for a limited period offered a resistance that ran counter to established taste and the bourgeois appropriation of ‘high art’.
Duke Ellington, the film composer
Authors: Wegele Peter
Published: March 2015

In the quantity of Duke Ellington’s oeuvre, his film music is only a small aspect. Nevertheless his first appearances on-screen were crucial to get nationwide attention. With the help of his impresario Irving Mills, he was the first African American musician to be featured in ‘white’ major Hollywood productions. Ellington was a visionary as a musician and as an entrepreneur. He also used his growing popularity to promote an image of African American culture and dignity that was completely different from the racist clichés that were cultivated in minstrel or blackface. Ellington managed to keep his band together even in the late 1940s when most other big bands had to give up. His sensational comeback concert in Newport 1956 catapulted him into new stardom and with this he became interesting again for Hollywood. In 1959 he was assigned by Otto Preminger to score his courtroom drama Anatomy of a Murder (Preminger, 1959). With this, he was the first African American to write a non-diegetic film score for a major Hollywood feature film. Some films such as Black and Tan Fantasy (Murphy, 1929) or Anatomy are discussed in detail.
Reprodução e potenciais impactos sobre Littorina flava (Neogastropoda: Littorinidae) na Ilha do Mel, Paraná
Authors: Ferreira-Jr Augusto Luiz , Carvalho Iarema F. P. , Absher Theresinha Monteiro , Christo Susete Wambier
Published: March 2015

Littorina flava is used as bioindicator to measure environmental impacts and to assess the quality of the environment and how it changes over time. The main objective of this work was to determine the reproductive characteristics of L. flava and its relationship with environmental variables and the influence of contaminants in a rocky coast of Mel Island, Paraná, Brazil. Monthly sampling during eight months were performed in the intertidal region during spring low tide in two periods (Winter/Spring and Summer/Fall) in three levels (Upper, Middle and Lower) with three replicates (A,B,C). Monthly 40 individuals of L. flava were collected in the three levels. Environmental parameters: air and water temperature and water salinity were also obtained. The organisms collected were measured (height - H and width - W), examined for sex identification and gonadal maturation stage. Gonad maturation of L. flava was verified in the end of the first sampling cycle (Winter/Spring). Sexual intercourse behavior was observed. In September and October 2010. This reproductive behavior was less observed in the second period (Summer/Fall) together with a decrease in the gonads maturation. Sexual proportion demonstrated high predominance of males, indicating a possible imposex occurrence due to pollutants verified in the area (fuel from boats, sewer discharge).
Pathological study of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) sub-adult artificially infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Amrevuawho Oghenebrorhie Mavis , Akinyemi Adeolu Akanji , Ezeri Onyenoro Godfrey Nnamdi , Bankole Olufunmilayo Mobolaji , Takeet Olabosede Vivian
Published: March 2015

Hematology and histopathological variations in Clarias gariepinus sub-adults subjected to oral challenge with Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 were studied for a period of 21 days, with a view to assess the pathogenesis of the bacteria and compared with a control. The results were compared statistically using One-way ANOVA. The symptoms of the infected fish included tail and fin rot, internal hemorrhages and skin patches of superficial ulcers. Tissue sections revealed marked loss and sloughing off of the gill lamellar epithelium, liver showed that hepatocytes appear finely reticulated and foamy; however there were a few foci of large cytoplasmic vacuolations of the hepatocytes and the sinusoids were moderately congested while the intestine showed shortened rugae; the submucosa glands were reduced in numbers; however the surface epithelial cells appeared to be proliferating rapidly and immature (hyperplastic). There was a significant reduction in the mean values of packed cell volume from 34.67Â±5.2% to 22.33Â±0.3%, hemoglobin from 9.77Â±0.2g/dL to 6.97Â±0.2g/dL, red blood cell from 2.23Â±0.3x1012/L to 1.27Â±0.1 x1012/L and lymphocyte count from 69.00Â±2.3% to 52.33Â±0.9% of C. gariepinus after three weeks of exposure to P. aeruginosa. However, the reverse was the case in the mean values obtained for white blood cell and neutrophil for infected fish which were reasonably higher when compared to that of uninfected fish (17.13Â±0.5 to10.80Â±0.3x109/L) and (47.33Â±1.2% to 30.33Â±2.9%) respectively. It could therefore be concluded that changes in organs and blood parameters of fish occur proportionately to pathogen invasion.
Consumer Ethnocentrism, National Identity, and Consumer Cosmopolitanism as Drivers of Consumer Behavior: A Social Identity Theory Perspective
Authors: Zeugner-Roth Katharina Petra , Žabkar Vesna , Diamantopoulos Adamantios
Published: March 2015

Consumers’ preferences for domestic over imported products have been investigated in various isolated studies, but never in a single model incorporating several in-group and out-group consumer orientations at the same time. Building on social identity theory, this study develops and tests—in two countries—a conceptual model that assesses the relative influence of consumer ethnocentrism, national identity, and consumer cosmopolitanism on consumers’ product judgments and willingness to buy domestic and foreign products. Furthermore, the study develops an empirically based typology of consumer segments using these sociopsychological traits and subsequently profiles them on consumption-relevant variables. The findings reveal several undiscovered patterns regarding the interplay of consumer ethnocentrism, national identity, and consumer cosmopolitanism as drivers of consumer behavior and offer managerial guidance on their relevance as segmentation variables.
Interaktive Simulation Kontinuierlicher Dynamischer Systeme Auf Mini-Prozeßrechnern / Interactive Simulation Of Continuous Dynamic Systems On Process-Computers
Authors: Posch Β. , Swik R.
Published: March 2015

Die effektive Lösung von Simulationsproblemen auf Digitalrechnern erfordert eine interaktive, d. h. dialogorientierte Arbeitsweise. Mini-Prozeßrechner sind aus verschiedenen Gründen für diese Aufgabenstellung besonders geeignet. allerdings stehen i.a. keine geeigneten Simulationsprogrammsysteme zur Verfügung. Der Beitrag beschreibt, wie mit relativ geringem Aufwand, aufbauend auf einem Fortran-Interpreter, ein sehr leistungsfähiges, in hohem Maße interaktives (Echtzeit-)Simulationsprogrammsystem „INTERSIM'' erstellt wurde.

Ein bereits mehr als zwei Jahre andauernder Einsatz in Forschung und Lehre auf dem Gebiet der Regelungs- und Prozeßtechnik bestätigt die angestrebte Benutzerfreundlichkeit und Flexibilität von INTERSIM als ein universelles Simula tionsprogra m msystem.
Systemunabhängiger Programmentwurf für Datenbanksysteme/ System-independent program design with database systems
Authors: Wedekind Η.
Published: March 2015

Um von den am Markte angebotenen Datenbanksystemen unabhängig zu werden, wird ein Programmentwurf empfohlen, bei dem streng zwischen einem Verarbeitungsteil für die Problemlösung und einem Bereitstellungsteil für die erforderlichen Daten unterschieden wird. Da nach dem Geheimnisprinzip verfahren wird, bleibt der Verarbeitungsteil auch bei einem Systemwechsel erhalten. Der Verarbeitungsteil sollte gegenüber dem Bereitstellungsteil möglichst umfangreich sein. Die Systemunabhängigkeit, die gefordert wird, ist eine Verallgemeinerung des Begriffs ,, Datenunabhängigkeit" und wird über eine Programm- und nicht über eine Datenstruktur erzielt. Vier Merkmale einer systemunabhängigen Anwendung werden herausgestellt. Mit Hilfe der Entwurfstechnik von Jackson wird ein einfaches Programm schrittweise bis zur COΒΟL-CODASYL- Darstellung exemplarisch entwickelt.
Ein Verwaltungs- und Recherchiersystem für Daten beliebiger Struktur/ An information storage and retrieval system for data of arbitrary structure
Authors: Herrmann H. , Löns Κ.
Published: March 2015

Auf der Basis eines Hash-Verfahrens in Verbindung mil invertierten Listen wurde ein Programmsystem (das sogenannte ,,Spurendokumentations-System", SPUDOK) geschaffen,

das die Speicherung und Verwaltung von Daten beliebiger Struktur, insbesondere auch unformatierter Daten, ermöglicht. Dabei kann jedes Datenelement bzw. Textelement

als Suchbegriff zum Zweck der Daten-Aktualisierung und des Recherchierens im Bestand benutzt werden. SPUDOK wird seit längerem für verschiedene polizeiliche Anwendungsbereiche - insbesondere der kriminalpolizeilichen Ermittlungstätigkeit - in Nordrhein-Westfalen und Bayern eingesetzt und hat sich aufgrund seiner Benutzerfreundlichkeit und Flexibilität hervorragend bewährt.
Computergestützte Regalplanung – Aspekte und Möglichkeiten durch elektronische Kassensysteme
Authors: Wieland H. J.
Published: March 2015

Mit dem Einsatz der ersten elektronischen Kassensysteme 1975 konnten zum ersten Mal artikelgenaue Umsatzzahlen auf rationelle Weise verfügbar gemacht werden. Damit wurden für den Handel Möglichkeiten greifbar, die vorher nur mit unverhältnismäßig hohem Personalaufwand realisiert werden konnten. Die Reaktion des Kunden auf Änderungen im Angebot ist daher mit POS-Systemen heute direkt meßbar. Somit bietet es sich an. die relevanten Faktoren. wie Preis und Plazierung, so zu verändern, daß eine Verbesserung des Ertrages erreicht wird. Wesentlich für eine erfolgreiche Sortiments- und Regalplanung ist jedoch die Einbeziehung möglichst aller maßgebenden Faktoren wie ’Kontaktstrecke“ und ,,Griffhöhe“. Zusätzlich sind Preiselastizität und Kosten zu berücksichtigen. Dieser komplexe Ansatz wird im folgenden Aufsatz verdeutlicht. An einem Beispiel werden die Möglichkeiten einer computergestützten Regalplanung aufgezeigt und Hinweise für die Durchführung gegeben. Als Optimierungsverfahren wird die dynamische Programmierung eingesetzt.
Ein Auswahlverfahren bei der Beschaffung von großen DV-Anlagen / A selection procedure for the acquisition of large EDP systems
Authors: Dirlewanger W.
Published: March 2015

Bei Beschaffungsverfahren von größeren DV-Anlagen war nicht seilen zu beobachten, daß sich die Auswahl von System und Konfiguration in der späteren Rückschau als nicht sehr zufriedenstellend erwiesen hat. Angesichts der hohen Investitionen im D V-Bereich kommt diesem Problem eine wachsende Bedeutung zu. Der vorliegende Aufsatz sucht nach den Ursachen solcher Fehlentscheidungen und kommt nach der kritischen Durchleuchtung einer Vielzahl von Beschaffungsvorgängen zu dem Ergebnis, daß die bisher im allgemeinen verwendeten Auswahlverfahren grundsätzliche Mängel aufweisen. Es wird deshalb ein neues Verfahren vorgeschlagen, das die erkannten Mängel vermeidet und das erwarten läßt, daß der spätere Soll-Ist- Vergleich wesentlich geringere Diskrepanzen zwischen den Benutzerforderungen und dem, was das System tatsächlich kann, ergibt. In diesem Zusammenhang erweist es sich als nötig, die bisherigen Methoden der Leistungsbeurteilung zu durchdenken, und es werden neue Möglichkeiten zur Leistungsmessung und Leistungsbeschreibung von DV-Anlagen aufgezeigt.
The Author on Stage: The Redpath Lyceum Bureau and the Promotion of the “Literary” Lecture
Authors: Garnett Virginia
Published: March 2015

Identifying the “literary” lecture as a bridge between oratory and print, I argue for the platform’s centrality to the nineteenth-century literary marketplace. American lecture bureaus like the Redpath Lyceum Bureau employed an intricate system of print and oratory to create a market for lectures that both responded to and challenged notions of authorship at the fin de siècle. Authors such as Kate Field, Mark Twain, and James Whitcomb Riley used and were used by the platform to promote works in progress and works in print by offering readings, dramatic interpretations, critical commentaries, and personal reminiscences about writers and writing. By studying the promotional materials of the Redpath Lyceum Bureau, I demonstrate the lecture’s importance in defining literary activity and authorial celebrity during this period. Attending to the lecture and its wide influence, I argue further, allows us to examine orality’s unstable position in a then developing intellectual hierarchy.
Expanded Polystyrene Geofoam Based Cellular Reinforcement
Authors: Padade Amit Harihar , Mandal Jnanendranath
Published: March 2015

This paper reports the effectiveness of proposed expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoam cellular reinforcement with fly ash as filling material overlying a soft clay bed through small-scale laboratory model tests. The test beds were subjected to uniformly distributed load by means of a rigid steel plate. Loads with corresponding settlement were measured during the testing. EPS geofoam cellular reinforcement of densities 15, 20, 22, and 30 kg/m3 were prepared in the form of a mattress with three different heights of 50, 75, and 100 mm. The effects of density of EPS geofoam, height of cellular reinforcement, and the planar jute geotextile layer at the base of cellular reinforcement were tested through a series of tests to systematically study the overall performance of the system in terms of load carrying capacity and settlement behavior. Test results indicated that the provision of EPS geofoam cellular reinforcement in fly ash bed significantly improved load carrying capacity above the clay bed. The load carrying capacity decreased with increasing density of EPS geofoam and increased with increase in height of cellular reinforcement. A layer of jute geotextile placed at the base of cellular reinforcement further enhanced load carrying capacity for less height of cellular reinforcement. However, the effect of planer reinforcement was decreased with the increase in height of cellular reinforcement.