bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Older Adults in Rural Appalachia
Authors: Weaver Raven H. , Roberto Karen A. , Blieszner Rosemary
Published: August 2017

Little is known about how rural-dwelling older adults anticipate and plan for future care needs. Using a mixed-method explanatory design, structural equation modeling ( n = 535) revealed significant associations between concerns about using services on preference for type of help; preference was associated with likelihood of using future services. Content analysis of interview data from 19 older adults who needed but were not receiving help revealed how they conceptualize their need for assistance and anticipated future care arrangements. Nine older adults were not thinking about future care needs. While most older adults articulated preferences for informal help, they indicated some openness to formal assistance. Preferences did not always align with expectations for the future. Rather, concerns about burdening family and friends outweighed concerns about community services and influenced expectations of using formal services. Understanding rural older adults’ expectations for future care arrangements is necessary for advancing policy and implementing successful services options.
What are you doing the rest of your life? A profile of Jazz/Contemporary Voice graduates
Authors: Bartlett Irene , Tolmie Diana
Published: August 2017

Over the past two decades the topic of graduate outcomes has increasingly informed the discourse on the changing nature of universities. For conservatoires and university music departments the global shift in audience demand away from western classical music and jazz styles (traditionally the cornerstone tertiary music programs) to contemporary commercial music (CCM) has added an extra dimension to the graduate outcomes discussion with respect to vocation preparation and musicians’ portfolio careers. Few studies have tracked the career paths of music graduates across time with none focused on jazz/contemporary singers. This report discusses the findings from a snapshot study of Jazz/Contemporary Voice graduates (2001 to 2012) of one Australian conservatoire. The purpose of this research was to better describe this population of graduates in terms of employment outcomes, the dynamics of their employment activities, employment-seeking strategies and the relevance of university coursework to their employability. Their responses have implications for tertiary music training programs.
Prominent deep medullary veins: a predictive biomarker for stroke risk from transient ischemic attack?
Authors: Duan Yang , Xu Zhihua , Li Hongyi , Cai Xiaonan , Chang Cancan , Yang Benqiang
Published: August 2017

Background

Deep medullary veins (DMVs) are a biomarker of severity and prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction. However, their clinical significance remains unclear in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA).

Purpose

To determine whether prominent deep medullary veins (PDMVs) are a predictive biomarker for stroke risk after TIA.

Material and Methods

Clinical and imaging data of 49 patients with TIA and 49 sex- and age-matched controls were studied. PDMVs were defined as DMVs with a score of 3 (TDMVs) or asymmetric DMVs (ADMVs), and the relationship between PDMVs and clinical features was analyzed. The DMV score based on susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) ranged from 0 (not visible) to 3 (very prominent) and was calculated for both hemispheres separately. A different score in each hemisphere was defined as ADMVs and an equal score was defined as symmetric DMVs. The asymmetry and score of DMVs were compared between the two groups and with respect to the time from TIA onset to imaging analysis.

Results

Agreement between neuroradiologists for the DMV asymmetry/score on SWI was excellent. The frequency of ADMVs and TDMVs was significantly higher in patients with TIA than controls ( P < 0.05). The patients showed no correlation between the time from TIA onset to imaging and the DMV asymmetry/score ( P > 0.05); PDMVs were not correlated with age, blood pressure, or diabetes. However, PDMVs were associated with the ABCD2 score (≥4), clinical symptoms, and duration of TIA (≥10 min).

Conclusion

Prominent deep medullary veins is a predictive biomarker for the risk of stroke in many patients having suffered from TIA.
Occupy in Ireland: Impacts on activists and subsequent protest
Authors: Szolucha Anna
Published: August 2017

I explore the impact that Occupy in Ireland had on subsequent campaigns and the lives of some of its core activists and analyse the interpretative processes through which they evaluated and modified the lessons and tactics of the protest. The picture that emerges from this empirical analysis is inherently complex and transient. It shows how the symbolic associations and framing of the encampments evolved and stalled the diffusion of their most recognisable practices and tactics such as assemblies. This observation highlights the importance of studying the empirical processes that explain how the interpretations of movements change over time, influencing the potential for the diffusion of tactics from one movement to another. Additionally, movement–movement influence may be constructed subjectively and hence, the individual engagement trajectories of activists can inform the analysis of how past protest influences future campaigns. Even though the practices and tactics that were most characteristic of the movement did not diffuse to subsequent protests, the analysis of the impacts of Occupy in Ireland suggests that the encampments functioned as a space for political training and experimentation which may have durable effects for future protest as well as its participants long after they left Occupy.
Long-Term Care Service Trajectories and Their Predictors for Persons Living With Dementia: Results From a Canadian Study
Authors: Cloutier Denise S. , Penning Margaret J. , Nuernberger Kim , Taylor Deanne , MacDonald Stuart
Published: August 2017

Objective: We used latent transition analysis to explore common long-term care (LTC) service trajectories and their predictors for older adults with dementia. Method: Using linked administrative data collected over a 4-year interval (2008-2011), the study sample included 3,541 older persons with dementia who were clients of publicly funded LTC in British Columbia, Canada. Results: Our results revealed relatively equal reliance on home care (HC) and facility-based residential care (RC) as starting points. HC service users were further differentiated into “intermittent HC” and “continuous HC” groups. Mortality was highest for the RC group. Age, changes in cognitive performance, and activities of daily living were important predictors of transitions into HC or RC. Discussion: Reliance on HC and RC by persons with dementia raises critical questions about ensuring that an adequate range of services is available in local communities to support aging in place and to ensure appropriate timing for entry into institutions.
Regenerative Endodontics
Authors: Feigin Kristina , Shope Bonnie
Published: August 2017

Regenerative endodontics has been defined as “biologically based procedure designed to replace damaged structures, including dentin and root structures, as well as cells of the pulp–dentin complex.” This is an exciting and rapidly evolving field of human endodontics for the treatment of immature permanent teeth with infected root canal systems. These procedures have shown to be able not only to resolve pain and apical periodontitis but continued root development, thus increasing the thickness and strength of the previously thin and fracture-prone roots. In the last decade, over 80 case reports, numerous animal studies, and series of regenerative endodontic cases have been published. However, even with multiple successful case reports, there are still some remaining questions regarding terminology, patient selection, and procedural details. Regenerative endodontics provides the hope of converting a nonvital tooth into vital one once again.
Intelligent attitude planning algorithm based on the characteristics of low radar cross section characteristics of microsatellites under complex constraints
Authors: Hua Bing , Liu Rui-Peng , Wu Yun-Hua , Xu Da-Fu
Published: August 2017

The attitude optimization problem of spacecraft under restricted conditions is an important issue of spacecraft planning control. This paper aims at on-orbit microsatellites, which is based on the directional characteristics of their own low radar cross section designs, maintaining low detection probabilities for ground, sea, and space-based detection systems, and simultaneously satisfying the constraint conditions of complex attitude constraints. In this paper, an improved pigeon-inspired optimization algorithm and a nonredundant attitude description method—modified Rodrigues parameters—are used to solve the problem of attitude optimal planning for satellites under complex constraints. This paper focuses on the core evolution mathematical model of the pigeon-inspired optimization algorithm based on the modified Rodrigues parameter, the iterative evolution process of the individual in the pigeon population, and the fitness function model of the individual at different positions. The comparison between the classical pigeon-inspired optimization algorithm and the improved pigeon-inspired optimization algorithm is made in the planned result and resource occupancy, respectively. The simulation results show that the improved algorithm has a faster convergence speed and a smoother optimization result than the classic pigeon-inspired optimization algorithm, where it greatly reduces the computational load and reduces the load of the control system, thus achieving an optimal algorithm.
Genetic Diversity of CD14 Promoter Gene Polymorphism (rs2569190) is Associated With Regulation of Malaria Parasitemia and Susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum Infection
Authors: Ojurongbe Olusola , Funwei Roland I , Snyder Tara J , Aziz Najihah , Li Yi , Falade Catherine O. , Thomas Bolaji N
Published: August 2017

CD14 is a multifunctional receptor expressed on many cell types and has been shown to mediate immune response resulting in the activation of an inflammatory cascade, with polymorphism of its promoter (rs2569190) found to be associated with susceptibility to several diseases. In malaria infection, the CD14 gene demonstrated a pathogenic profile in regulating experimental cerebral malaria, with reports of elevated levels of soluble CD14 in serum of patients but no definitive conclusion. We present a detailed analysis of genetic diversity of CD14 promoter gene (snp −159 C/T; rs2519190) polymorphism between a malaria-infected group and uninfected controls and its association with clinical parameters of disease. Genomic DNA samples obtained from 106 Plasmodium falciparum malaria–infected patients and 277 uninfected controls were elucidated with a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay. Our results show a significant diversity ( P = 3.32E−06) in the genotypic frequency (3.8% versus 22.4%) of the rs2569190 mutant variant between the malaria-infected group and controls, respectively. The mutant allele had the lowest frequency among the malaria-infected group demonstrating its necessity for infection. Mean parasitemia (parasites/μL of blood) was significantly regulated based on CD14 polymorphic profile (19 855 versus 37 041 versus 49 396 for homozygote mutants, heterozygotes, and homozygote wild type, respectively). Interestingly, we found no association between CD14 genetic variants with fever, age of patients, or anemia. How this affects disease severity between subregional and continental groups deserves further clarification, including extending these studies in a larger group and among severe and asymptomatic patients with malaria.
Abrasive grit size effect on wear depth of stir cast hybrid Al–Mg–Si composites at high stress condition
Authors: Kaushik NCh , Sri Chaitanya Ch , Rao RN
Published: August 2017

The grit size effect on high stress abrasive wear depth of stir cast hybrid self-lubricating Gr/SiC/Al composites was investigated in both as cast (AC) and heat treated (T6) condition. The tests were done at grit size of 100–200 µm, sliding distance of 75 m and applied loads of 5–15 N. The results obtained were differentiated with matrix alloy and SiC/Al composites. At 15 N load, the wear depth of hybrid composites w.r.t. matrix alloy reduced around 19.6% (at 100 µm grit size) and 16.4% (at 200 µm grit size) in AC condition; 26.9% (at 100 µm grit size) and 27% (at 200 µm grit size) in T6 condition. The wear mechanism was analyzed through wear surface analysis of pin and emery paper.
Effects of telemonitoring on glycaemic control and healthcare costs in type 2 diabetes: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Warren Robin , Carlisle Karen , Mihala Gabor , Scuffham Paul A
Published: August 2017

Introduction

This study examined the effect of a telehealth intervention on the control of type 2 diabetes and subsequent potential cost-savings to the health system.

Methods

This prospective randomised controlled trial randomised adults with type 2 diabetes to the intervention (diabetes program) or control (usual care) arm. Key eligibility criteria included an HbA1c level of at least 58 mmol/mol (7.5%) without severe or unstable comorbidities. All participants continued their usual healthcare, but participants in the intervention arm received additional diabetes care from a diabetes care coordinator via a home monitor that captured clinical measures. Data collected included biomedical, quality of life measures and healthcare (GP, outpatient and inpatient) costs. The primary outcome was HbA1c collected at baseline and 6 months. Analysis was conducted on a complete case intention-to-treat basis. The healthcare system perspective was taken to calculate the incremental cost per percentage-point reduction in HbA1c.

Results

Results from 63 participants from each study arm were analysed. HbA1c in the intervention group decreased from a median 68 mmol/mol (8.4%) to 58 mmol/mol (7.5%), and remained unchanged in the control group at median 65 mmol/mol (8.1%) at the 6-month endpoint. The intervention effect on HbA1c change was statistically significant ( p = .004). Total healthcare costs in the intervention group, including the intervention costs, were lower (mean $3781 vs. $4662; p < .001) compared with usual care.

Discussion

There was a clinically meaningful and statistically significant benefit from the telehealth intervention at a lower cost; thus, telehealth was cost-saving and produced greater health benefits compared with usual care.
Management of distal radius fractures – A new concept of closed reduction and standardised percutaneous 5-pin fixation
Authors: Vasudevan PN , Lohith BM
Published: August 2017

Introduction

Management of distal radial fractures is a controversial topic, with poor reported outcomes in up to 30% of cases and a wide variety of treatment options such as closed reduction and POP cast, internal fixation, external fixation and percutaneous pin fixation in many configurations. Over the last 13 years, we have used a novel standardised 5-pin configuration of percutaneous K-wire fixation, which can be used in most types of distal radial fractures, where closed reduction is possible, and the ulna is intact or re-constructible. This study reports the outcomes of this technique.

Methods

All patients presenting to our unit with distal radial fracture in a 126-month period from June 2005 to December 2015 managed by closed reduction and 5-pin fixation were evaluated for complications including wire loosening and infection, tendon or nerve injury, reflex sympathetic dystrophy and functional outcome.

Results

A total of 490 consecutive patients with 496 distal radial fractures were treated in the study period with a mean age of 49.4 years; 57% were female and 57% were due to domestic falls. After death from unrelated causes and loss to follow-up, 418 patients were reviewed in clinic, and a further 40 were patients contacted by telephone at one year, and clinical outcome was evaluated using Cooney’s modification of Green and O’Brien’s score. All fractures healed and 95.7% had an ‘excellent’ outcome and 3.9% were ‘good’; only two patients achieved a ‘fair’ outcome, both of whom had comminuted intra-articular fractures with metaphyseal comminution. Complications were minimal and temporary with no cases of deep infection, tendon or nerve injury or reflex sympathetic dystrophy.

Conclusions

This study proved that our novel customised 5-pin percutaneous fixation was sufficiently stable and controlled all fragments of distal radial fractures effectively to allow early mobilisations to prevent stiffness and reflex sympathetic dystrophy with excellent functional outcomes.
Clinical predictors of specialist treatment requirements in pelvic fracture: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Caulfield Alexandra , Hamilton William L , Trent Louise , Ellington Matt
Published: August 2017

Objectives and background

To describe the pelvic fracture population presenting to a district hospital in New Zealand and investigate whether clinical measurements can predict subsequent transfer to specialist tertiary care units. Early transfer to tertiary care is associated with improved surgical outcomes and cost-effectiveness, but there has as yet been little research into predictive markers for referral.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of all patients admitted with pelvic fracture to the intensive care unit of Hastings Memorial Hospital, New Zealand from 2005 to 2014. The primary outcome was transfer to specialist tertiary care. Secondary outcomes were total duration of hospitalisation and conservative vs. surgical management. Clinical variables including age, sex, observations and comorbidities were analysed against these outcomes using logistic regression.

Results

Data from 40 patients were collected (24 male, 16 female; median age: 44 years). Median distance from the hospital was 22.6 km, with 27 (67.5%) patients transported by land and 13 (32.5%) arriving by helicopter. Median time from receipt of emergency call to arrival at hospital was 60 min. Three patients died and 14/40 (35%) required transfer to tertiary centres. Damage to intra-abdominal structures such as spleen, liver and bladder lacerations were associated with transfer to tertiary care, unadjusted relative risk 3.34 (95% confidence intervals: 1.39–8.05).

Conclusion

Despite a 10-year recruitment window, only 40 patients were included in this study, limiting its statistical power. Nonetheless, our data suggest that pelvic fracture patients with injuries to intra-abdominal viscera are more likely to require tertiary care transfer.
Engaging with the syuzhet: A new methodological approach to analyzing and visualizing internet discourse
Authors: LaFave Andrew L. , Mainz Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2017

The dynamic nature of written communication using the internet has provided the ethnographic community with a rich source of data to sample and analyze. While the past century has seen considerable development in methodological approaches to sampling and analyzing texts written with ink on paper, the constantly evolving textual landscape of the internet has yet to be fully understood. In this paper, we advocate a new approach to internet texts where researchers move beyond the ‘ink and paper’ paradigm and embrace the internet as a medium unto itself. To do this, we engage with the narrative concept of fabula and syuzhet as pioneered by Russian Formalists Viktor Schklovsky and Vladimir Propp. We offer an innovative approach to interpretive, internet-based digital ethnography that will help scholars develop multimodal timelines which account for both the linear unfolding of significant temporal events and the non-linear unfolding of meaning-making that key actors in those events generate. Our new approach to timelining in digital ethnography allows researchers to follow and catalog each author’s unique set of links as they interact with other authors and socially construct a shared understanding of events. The method we have outlined here engages the intertextual potential of the internet as a way of seeing, linking online spaces to the ethnographic community’s longstanding interest in modes of communication that capture the lived experiences of people.
The lives and identities of UK Black and South Asian head teachers
Authors: Johnson Lauri
Published: August 2017

This article reports on the preliminary findings from a national UK study of the life histories of 28 Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) educators who led schools across a 47-year period (1968–2015). BAME head teachers were grouped by generations (i.e. pioneer, experienced, and novice) and questioned about the critical life experiences that influenced their path to leadership, the intersection of their professional and social identities, and their metaphors for leadership. Participants claimed leadership metaphors which included the head teacher as parent, ambassador, moral steward, role model, and community advocate. Pioneer Black and South Asian headteachers narrated more collectivist identities as community leaders and race equality activists, while current BAME headteachers appear more individually focused on raising attainment for students who have been marginalized. A life history approach across generations emphasizes the influence of changing attitudes toward race and the shifting policy context on professional identities.
Could an endoneurial endothelial crosstalk between Wnt/β-catenin and Sonic Hedgehog pathways underlie the early disruption of the infraorbital blood–nerve barrier following chronic constriction injury?
Authors: Moreau Nathan , Mauborgne Annie , Couraud Pierre-Olivier , Romero Ignacio A , Weksler Babette B , Villanueva Luis , Pohl Michel , Boucher Yves
Published: August 2017

Background

Blood–nerve barrier disruption is pivotal in the development of neuroinflammation, peripheral sensitization, and neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury. Activation of toll-like receptor 4 and inactivation of Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathways within the endoneurial endothelial cells are key events, resulting in the infiltration of harmful molecules and immunocytes within the nerve parenchyma. However, we showed in a previous study that preemptive inactivation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling or sustained activation of Sonic Hedgehog signaling did not prevent the local alterations observed following peripheral nerve injury, suggesting the implication of another signaling pathway.

Methods

Using a classical neuropathic pain model, the infraorbital nerve chronic constriction injury (IoN-CCI), we investigated the role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in chronic constriction injury-mediated blood–nerve barrier disruption and in its interactions with the toll-like receptor 4 and Sonic Hedgehog pathways. In the IoN-CCI model versus control, mRNA expression levels and/or immunochemical detection of major Wnt/Sonic Hedgehog pathway (Frizzled-7, vascular endothelial-cadherin, Patched-1 and Gli-1) and/or tight junction proteins (Claudin-1, Claudin-5, and Occludin) readouts were assessed. Vascular permeability was assessed by sodium fluorescein extravasation.

Results

IoN-CCI induced early alterations in the vascular endothelial-cadherin/β-catenin/Frizzled-7 complex, shown to participate in local blood–nerve barrier disruption via a β-catenin-dependent tight junction protein downregulation. Wnt pathway also mediated a crosstalk between toll-like receptor 4 and Sonic Hedgehog signaling within endoneurial endothelial cells. Nevertheless, preemptive inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling before IoN-CCI could not prevent the downregulation of key Sonic Hedgehog pathway readouts or the disruption of the infraorbital blood–nerve barrier, suggesting that Sonic Hedgehog pathway inhibition observed following IoN-CCI is an independent event responsible for blood–nerve barrier disruption.

Conclusion

A crosstalk between Wnt/β-catenin- and Sonic Hedgehog-mediated signaling pathways within endoneurial endothelial cells could mediate the chronic disruption of the blood–nerve barrier following IoN-CCI, resulting in increased irreversible endoneurial vascular permeability and neuropathic pain development.
Intrathecal administration of AYX2 DNA decoy produces a long-term pain treatment in rat models of chronic pain by inhibiting the KLF6, KLF9, and KLF15 transcription factors
Authors: Mamet Julien , Klukinov Michael , Harris Scott , Manning Donald C , Xie Simon , Pascual Conrado , Taylor Bradley K , Donahue Renee R , Yeomans David C
Published: August 2017

Background

Nociception is maintained by genome-wide regulation of transcription in the dorsal root ganglia—spinal cord network. Hence, transcription factors constitute a promising class of targets for breakthrough pharmacological interventions to treat chronic pain. DNA decoys are oligonucleotides and specific inhibitors of transcription factor activities. A methodological series of in vivo–in vitro screening cycles was performed with decoy/transcription factor couples to identify targets capable of producing a robust and long-lasting inhibition of established chronic pain. Decoys were injected intrathecally and their efficacy was tested in the spared nerve injury and chronic constriction injury models of chronic pain in rats using repetitive von Frey testing.

Results

Results demonstrated that a one-time administration of decoys binding to the Kruppel-like transcription factors (KLFs) 6, 9, and 15 produces a significant and weeks–month long reduction in mechanical hypersensitivity compared to controls. In the spared nerve injury model, decoy efficacy was correlated to its capacity to bind KLF15 and KLF9 at a specific ratio, while in the chronic constriction injury model, efficacy was correlated to the combined binding capacity to KLF6 and KLF9. AYX2, an 18-bp DNA decoy binding KLF6, KLF9, and KLF15, was optimized for clinical development, and it demonstrated significant efficacy in these models.

Conclusions

These data highlight KLF6, KLF9, and KLF15 as transcription factors required for the maintenance of chronic pain and illustrate the potential therapeutic benefits of AYX2 for the treatment of chronic pain.
In-stent hypodense area at two weeks following carotid artery stenting predicts neointimal hyperplasia after two years
Authors: Yamashita Kentaro , Kokuzawa Jouji , Kuroda Tatsuya , Murase Satoru , Kumagai Morio , Kaku Yasuhiko
Published: August 2017

Introduction

It has not been reported how long the follow-up study after carotid artery stenting (CAS) should be continued. The purpose of the present study is to clarify the dynamic change of the in-stent neointimal layer and residual arterial lumen by two years following CAS using three-dimensional computed tomography angiography (3D CTA) with volume rendering.

Methods

Thirty-six stented carotid arteries in 34 consecutive patients were examined by 3D CTA with volume rendering at two weeks and 3, 6, 12, 24 months of follow-up.

Results

An in-stent hypodense area could be detected in 10 of 36 (27.8%) carotid arteries at two weeks after CAS. In-stent hypodense areas gradually declined thereafter by three months. In the course of longer follow-up, the layer of the in-stent hypodense area (neointimal hyperplasia) continued to grow in size for up to 24 months. Patients with an in-stent hypodense area at two weeks have a thicker layer of neointimal hyperplasia at 24 months than patients without in-stent hypodense area at two weeks’ follow-up. The predictive factors for growing neointimal hyperplasia at 24 months in multiple regression analysis are ulcer formation in pretreatment stenosis and the thickness of in-stent hypodense area at two weeks following CAS.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that follow-up study should be continued for a longer period even if in-stent restenosis could not be detected at one year following CAS. Especially in cases with ulcer formation in pretreatment stenosis and with a subacute in-stent hypodense area after CAS, longer follow-up is strongly recommended.
The Influence of Textual Cues on First Impressions of an Email Sender
Authors: Marlow Shannon L. , Lacerenza Christina N. , Iwig Chelsea
Published: August 2017

The present study experimentally manipulated the gender of an email sender, closing salutation, and sending mode (i.e., email sent via desktop computer/laptop as compared with email sent via a mobile device) to determine if these specific cues influence first impressions of the sender’s competence, professionalism, positive affect, and negative affect. Although no effect of sending mode was found, closing salutation influenced perceptions; females were viewed as less professional when using “Thanks!” as opposed to using “Best,” “Thank you,” or no salutation. However, in general, females were viewed as more professional than males, and “Thanks!” elicited perceptions of positive affect.
Morality at Work: Do Employees’ Moral Commitments Inhibit Service Disparities and Reactive Workplace Behaviors?
Authors: Brewster Zachary W. , Brauer Jonathan R. , Lynn Michael
Published: August 2017

The current study draws from contemporary theories of morality to examine moral motives underlying service employees’ interactions with clientele. Specifically, we posit that employees who exhibit strong moral commitments to service equality (MCSE) are likely to make efforts to treat all clients equally—even when differential treatment is externally motivated by economic incentives or workplace frustrations. An analysis of self-report survey data from restaurant servers ( n = 963) confirms robust associations between MCSE and various employee behaviors. Specifically, restaurant servers who report strong MCSE are less likely to report treating clients differently, whether for economic reasons (e.g., service discrimination, preferential treatment of regulars, service sweethearting, flirting) or in response to workplace frustrations (e.g., venting, disrespect toward clientele). We conclude with a discussion of the complexity of workers’ moral motivations and the need for further research in this area.
Task Force on Design and Analysis in Oral Health Research: Host-Microbiome Interactions in Dysbiosis
Authors: Van Dyke T.E. , Diaz P.I. , Moutsopoulos N. , Alekseyenko A.V. , Ioannidou E.
Published: August 2017

Knowledge Transfer Statement: This article discusses the proceedings of the conference organized by the Task Force on Design and Analysis in Oral Health Research on the new advances in host-microbiome interactions, analytical methods, and their implication in inflammatory periodontal disease management.
Paths to (de)centralization: Changing territorial dynamics of social policy in the People’s Republic of China and the United States
Authors: Béland Daniel , Rocco Philip , Shi Shih-Jiunn , Waddan Alex
Published: August 2017

Drawing on the existing welfare state literature, this article offers a comparative analytical framework to account for the territorial dynamics of social policy in the United States and the People’s Republic of China, two countries that are most dissimilar in terms of political regime but that may exhibit similar territorial patterns of social policy fragmentation. A promising way to explore such patterns, we argue, is to analyze how changes in the architecture of major governing institutions affect the territorial dimension of social policy. In the United States, state governments and a territorially-organized federal legislature have increasingly accommodated national political parties. These two parties have turned the politics of social policy into a debate over the boundaries of national or state governance of social policy, resulting in multi-level governance frameworks. In the People’s Republic of China, the partisan dimension is absent, but strong economic pressures on the central bureaucracy have made devolution a functional imperative and have given local governments increasing leverage when bargaining with the center.
Challenges Faced by Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) in a Vulnerable Block of Odisha, India
Authors: Dehury Ranjit Kumar , Chatterjee Suhita Chopra
Published: August 2017

Janani Suraksha Yojna (JSY), implemented under the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) since 2005, focused on strengthening accredited social health activists (called ASHAs) to improve maternal health in the community. The purpose of this paper is to identify various issues and challenges faced by the ASHAs in pregnancy care under JSY. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted with ASHAs employed in tribal pockets of Jaleswar block, which may be considered a vulnerable area due to its demographic profile and inaccessible terrain. Data were analysed and grouped thematically based on government operational guidelines. The study shows ASHAs face challenges in various stages of pregnancy care, particularly during antenatal and natal stages. There are considerable limitations in identifying target groups, assisting pregnant women and in providing counseling. Many of them stem from their poor capacity to operate in vulnerable communities, thereby, showing inadequate training and capacity building of the ASHAs. The paper concludes by proposing a model for improving competency of ASHAs by taking into account both administrative as well as community inputs.
The Effect of Implied Performer Age and Group Membership on Evaluations of Music Performances
Authors: Harrington Ann M.
Published: August 2017

This study examined the effects of implied performer age and group membership on listeners’ evaluations of music performances. Undergraduate music majors ( n = 23), nonmusic majors ( n = 17), and members of a New Horizons ensemble ( n = 16) were presented with six 30-second excerpts of concert band performances. Excerpts were presented to all respondents in three implied performer age conditions: audio-only (no implied age), audiovisual presentations that featured digital images of middle school concert bands, and audiovisual presentations that featured digital images of older adult concert bands. Respondents ( N = 56) used 10-point scales to rate each performance on tone, rhythmic precision, and dynamic contrast. Results of a repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated that audio-only presentations were rated significantly lower than audiovisual presentations, and music majors rated performances significantly lower than other respondents.
The Rich Domain of Ambiguity Explored
Authors: Li Zhihua , Müller Julia , Wakker Peter P. , Wang Tong V.
Published: August 2017

Ellsberg and others suggested that decision under ambiguity is a rich empirical domain with many phenomena to be investigated beyond the Ellsberg urns. We provide a systematic empirical investigation of this richness by varying the uncertain events, the outcomes, and combinations of both. Although ambiguity aversion is prevailing, we also find systematic ambiguity seeking, confirming insensitivity. We find that ambiguity attitudes depend on the kind of uncertainty (the source) but not on the kind of outcomes. Ambiguity attitudes are closer to rationality (ambiguity neutrality) for natural uncertainties than for artificial Ellsberg urn uncertainties. This also appears from the reductions of monotonicity violations and of insensitivity. Ambiguity attitudes have predictive power across different outcomes and sources of uncertainty, with individual-specific components. Our rich domain serves well to test families of weighting functions for fitting ambiguity attitudes. We find that two-parameter families, capturing not only aversion but also insensitivity, are desirable for ambiguity even more than for risk. The Goldstein–Einhorn family performed best for ambiguity.

Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2777 .

This paper was accepted by Manel Baucells, decision analysis.
‘We make a song’: Moving beyond active music-making in the Field Band Foundation
Authors: van der Merwe Janelize
Published: August 2017

This instrumental case study explores the ways in which music is ‘put to work’ in the Field Band Foundation (FBF). I interviewed ten adult participants and observed rehearsals, parades and competitions, to understand these interviews in context, from March 2013 to July 2014. During this time, I engaged in an iterative cycle of data analysis and collection, using both inductive and deductive coding methods. This analysis focuses on the lived experiences of the adult participants, the musical processes engaged in by the participants, and does not aim to evaluate or critique the FBF as an organization. After inductively coding the interviews, I realized that the hospitality framework may be used to interpret these findings.
Singing Out: The function and benefits of an LGBTQI community choir in New Zealand in the 2010s
Authors: Bird Frances
Published: August 2017

Gay choruses first emerged in the United States 40 years ago, at the time of gay liberation, but much has changed politically and socially since. Despite this, LGBTQI choirs continue to form in the twenty-first century. This article explores the purpose of, and the community and individual benefits derived from, singing in a recently formed LGBTQI mixed-voice community choir in Wellington, New Zealand. The data collection techniques employed in this qualitative case study consist of artefact analysis, audience intercept surveys, concert observations, and semi-structured interviews. Drawing on a feminist post-structural analysis, themes that emerged included strengthening individual LGBTQI identities, and being a political and educative voice for LGBTQI-identified people. Findings suggest that members use the choir for different purposes: to sing together; establish intergenerational, cross-gender friendships and community; affirm their identities in an LGBTQI space; and educate by representing diversity during a period of greater political equity and social assimilation.
Music, Pedagogy, Community, University of South Wales, Cardiff, 5 March 2016
Authors: Smith Rob
Published: August 2017

This article is a report on a symposium held in 2016 that looked at the various roles of musical participation in creating or solidifying communities, whether they be communities of faith, common purpose or cultural practice or nationhood/ethnicity. The report looks at a variety of responses to the call; responses that included read papers, poster presentations, video provocations and a performance. The report concludes by identifying areas for further investigation.
Defining the BBC Shakespeare Unlocked season ‘in festival terms’
Authors: Olive Sarah
Published: August 2017

Shakespeare Unlocked is a BBC season broadcast on television and radio from March to June 2012. It included BBC television’s first adaptations of Shakespeare’s plays in seven years (the second tetralogy, packaged as The Hollow Crown); documentaries showing Royal Shakespeare Company actors and directors working on plays to ‘unlock’ their meaning, on Elizabethan and Jacobean history, Italy in Shakespeare and Shakespeare in India; and a dedicated episode of the quiz show QI. On Radios 3 and 4 there were further play adaptations; a series of essays on Shakespeare and Love; a documentary rooted in twenty early modern objects; and interviews with diverse figures from public life about their most memorable Shakespeare encounters. The season was timed to complement the Cultural Olympiad, part of London’s 2012 Olympic offerings. This article considers Shakespeare Unlocked as a Shakespeare festival, in terms of the season’s design and marketing as well as in its reception by professional critics and audiences on Twitter. It also evidences the way in which Shakespeare Unlocked constitutes the first BBC Shakespeare season to be made and received on social media.
Authenticity and adaptation in two Shakespeare films: The case of Macbeth (2015) and Cymbeline (2015)
Authors: Clement Jennifer , Long Christian
Published: August 2017

Recent adaptations of Macbeth (Kurzel, 2015) and Cymbeline (Almereyda, 2015) highlight the continued relevance of the concept of authenticity. Taking Theodor Adorno’s concept of the authentic as our starting point, we argue that while Macbeth and its publicity materials suggest that the film can be read without interpretation as an ‘authentic’ expression of Scottish history, Cymbeline represents a more difficult and less ideologically loaded engagement with authenticity and Shakespeare adaptation.
Noise, soundscape and heritage: Sound cartographies and urban segregation in twenty-first-century Mexico City
Authors: Bieletto-Bueno Natalia
Published: August 2017

By means of an auto-ethnography, I problematize the category of ‘noise’ in the context of Iztapalapa, a stigmatized borough of Mexico City. Informed by the interdisciplinary fields of sound studies, aural studies and urbanism, I propose a comparison of two sound maps: the ‘First Map of Noise for the Metropolitan Area of Mexico’s Valley’ and ‘Mexico’s Sound Map’. I argue that the creation of both maps is a symbolic instrument that assists processes of social classification. I historicize the concepts of ‘noise’ and ‘soundscape’ and analyse their uses in official discourses. Paying attention to the concept of ‘sonic heritage’, I discuss the role of official institutions in educating and managing forms of aurality. My investigation is informed by the concept ‘division of aural labour’ to explain asymmetries between people’s urban, aural experiences. I conclude that these two maps add to the social stigma that burdens certain areas historically marginalized by the model of urban segregation.
Pharmakopolis: Cesário Verde’s Lisbon
Authors: Rice-Davis Charles
Published: August 2017

Through the example of the Portuguese poet Cesário Verde (1855–86), this article interrogates the relationship between the space of the nineteenth-century European capital city and the literary figure of the flâneur. Specifically, it considers in the first place the role of this aimless, noctambulist observer in a city (Lisbon) that differs in numerous ways from the better-studied locales of Paris and London. Second, it argues for an expansion of the understanding of the flâneur as passed down since Walter Benjamin’s reading of Baudelaire. Specifically, Cesário, owing both to his career as a physician and to his extremely understated, self-effacing poetic style, allows readers to glimpse the otherwise unnoticed psychological and physiological effects of the wandering, nocturnal observations that characterize the flâneur genre. Using Jacques Derrida’s concept of the pharmakon, a drug that both cures and poisons, this article makes the case that the flâneur, rather than a potentially subversive optic for social observation, represents instead an unending, constraining and addictive practice that is dictated by the very social and technological forces that enable his noctambulism. In this light, the otherwise free-wheeling and plotless text of the flâneur can instead be read as a narrative of capture, confinement and obligation.
The irresistible outside: Innocence, desire and transgression in a Brazilian urban utopia
Authors: Richmond Matthew A.
Published: August 2017

Brazilian film Mate-Me Por Favor (Kill Me Please) centres on the lives of four rebellious teenage girls against the backdrop of a series of brutal murders in the wealthy suburb where they live. I argue that the neighbourhood of Barra da Tijuca in the west of Rio de Janeiro provides both the necessary socio-spatial conditions for the drama, as well as a rich symbolic canvas for exploring key themes like innocence, transgression and violence. Barra emerged in the 1970s as a ‘solution’ to Rio’s urban crisis, providing a large, unexploited space for the middle classes to insulate themselves from the growing disorder and violence of the inner city. Designed using rational modernist principles, it grew into a landscape of gated condominiums and shopping malls connected by car-strewn expressways. The area thus embodies a tension between innocence and desire that is shared by Mate-Me Por Favor’s four protagonists. In recent years, meanwhile, the hosting of the Olympic Games and other mega-events has brought a massive wave of speculative development to the area, producing new liminal spaces and intensified flows of people that have jeopardized residents’ sense of control. The film suggests that Barra’s alienated youth are determined to venture beyond the walls that were designed to protect them, thus exposing them to new, unknown threats.
Sacred space: Muslim and Arab belonging at Ground Zero
Authors: Mohibullah Huma
Published: August 2017

The area surrounding New York’s World Trade Center was politicized immediately after the 9/11 attacks and named ‘Ground Zero’. This article discusses how orientalist tropes as well as narratives of ‘Islamic fundamentalism’ and ‘sacred space’ came to be embedded there. It uses two examples to examine how such spatialized politics have impacted Arab and Muslims New Yorkers: the Park51 community centre (popularized through media as ‘The Ground Zero Mosque’), and the lesserknown Little Syria district. It sheds light on Ground Zero’s significance for Arab and Muslim belonging in the United States – specifically, how Arab and Muslim claims to space around the World Trade Center subvert Islamophobic rhetoric that casts them as outsiders and enemies, and position them instead as fully American.
Frozen thought: Physical representations of power and the rebuilding of Ground Zero
Authors: Donahue Katherine C.
Published: August 2017

Buildings are metaphors for particular cultures and times. They are ‘frozen thought’. The World Trade Center complex in New York was a global hub of financial, insurance, and banking companies. The Twin Towers were the primary symbols of that hub. This article describes the changes in Lower Manhattan that occurred after 9/11, partly as a result of the attacks that September day, partly because the nature of communication and business transactions changed regardless of 9/11. The purpose of this area, as well as the narrative that expressed its global dominance, have both been altered. Physical aspects of financial power represented by large corporate offices and trading floors are no longer necessary. The financial firms in the World Trade Center diversified their offices, moving to Midtown (the ‘new Wall Street’) and to other states, at the same time that publishing and advertising companies, looking for cheaper rents, moved to Lower Manhattan. The World Trade Center buildings now have a different purpose, and a different narrative.
Rehoused but unhomed: The effects of Portugal’s Special Rehousing Program as represented in Pedro Costa’s Juventude em Marcha
Authors: Knudson-Vilaseca Emily
Published: August 2017

This article analyses Pedro Costa’s 2006 film Juventude em Marcha (Colossal Youth) vis-à-vis Portugal’s Special Rehousing Program, especially as it was carried out in and around the Amadora municipality outside central Lisbon in the 1990s and early 2000s. The film focuses on the experience of a Cape Verdean named Ventura as he moves from a squatted neighbourhood set for demolition to new governmentbuilt housing. I examine the ways and extent to which the inhabitants of both the old and new neighbourhoods, like Ventura, exercised and continue to make claims to power. Power, in this context, is related to speech – that is, the ability to tell one’s own story – as well as to freedom of movement and association – that is, the ability to choose where and how home is determined. I argue that the film subtly urges viewers to question racist motivations for rehousing plans while at the same time repeating to an extent the same sort of silencing of underprivileged residents (immigrants, blacks and/or the poor) carried out by government authorities, and thus both reflects and affects residents’ exercise of power.