bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Secondary traumatic stress in social workers
Sosyal hizmet uzmanlarında ikincil travmatik stres
Authors: Çalık Var Esra , Büyükbodur Ayşin Çetinkaya
Published: November 2017

Social workers work with children, with disabilities, with the elderly, with families. In short, with all client systems in the individuals and groups with harmed capacities to cope with the life challenges, in hospitals, community mental health centers, prisons, justice palaces and various social service organizations.Such a study requires that the vulnerable individual, the family and the groups to listen to the  life events that cause trauma, to observe the life of the application system, to ask for sadness witness and help, and all these are inevitably absorbed by social workers.As a result of the interaction with the client system and the issue emerge secondary traumatic stress, which represents a similar pattern to posttraumatic stress disorder.Secondary traumatic stress; is described as traumatization associated with emotions and behaviors that arise as a result of learn client’s trauma knowledge and want to help clients who have suffered trauma experience or life difficulties. The purpose of this study is to examine the secondary traumatic stresses and dimensions in the context of the interaction of the social worker client system with the social work perspective on the factors that are effective in the emergence of secondary traumatic stress.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetSosyal hizmet uzmanlarıyaşamsal zorluklarla baş etme kapasiteleri zarar görmüş birey ve gruplar ile hastanelerde, toplum ruh sağlığı merkezlerinde, ceza evlerinde, adalet saraylarında ve çeşitli sosyal hizmet kuruluşlarında çocuklarla, engellilerle, yaşlılarla, ailelerle kısacası tüm müracaatçı sistemleri ile çalışmaktadırlar. Böyle bir çalışma savunmasız durumda bulunan birey, aile ve grupların karşılaştıkları travmaya neden olan yaşam olaylarının dinlenmesini, müracaatı sisteminin yaşamını gözlemlemeyi, üzüntüye tanıklığı ve yardım etme istencini gerektirir ve bütün bunlar sosyal hizmet uzmanları tarafından kaçınılmaz bir biçimde absorbe edilmektedir.Müracaatçı sistemi ve sorun ile etkileşim neticesinde travma sonrası stres bozukluğu’na benzer bir yapıyı temsil eden ikincil travmatik stres ortaya çıkmaktadır. İkincil travmatik stres; travma öyküsü bulunan ya da yaşadığı yaşam zorlukları sebebi ile acı çeken müracaatçıların bilgisine hakim olma ve onlara yardım etmeyi istemenin sonucunda ortaya çıkan duygularla ve davranışlarla ilişkili travmatizasyon olarak açıklanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı sosyal hizmet uzmanı müracaatçı sisteminin etkileşimi bağlamında, ikincil travmatik stres ve boyutlarını, ikincil travmatik stresin ortaya çıkmasında etkili olan faktörleri sosyal hizmet perspektifi ile incelemektir.
Quality and dietary value of pork meat of the Puławska and Złotnicka Spotted breeds, and commercial fattening pigs
Authors: Cebulska Aleksandra , Václavková Eva , Bocian Maria , Dybała Jan , Wiśniewska Joanna , Kapelański Wojciech
Published: November 2017

The aim of the study was to determine the quality and nutritional value of meat originating from pigs of Polish native pure breeds - the Puławska and Złotnicka Spotted as well as the commercial four-breed crossbreds F1 (Large White × Polish Landrace) × F1 (Duroc × Pietrain). Physicochemical properties of meat were evaluated, such as acidity, water holding capacity, tenderness, and color parameters. In addition, functional properties of meat were determined: nutritional value, mineral content and fatty acid profile. The dietetic indices of meat were also determined. The smallest acidity of muscle tissue was characteristic of the meat of the Puławska breed and the smallest meat drip loss was found in both native breeds (P≤0.01). This can confirm their greater technological suitability. The most tender was meat obtained from pigs of the Puławska breed (36.07 N/cm2). The darker color was characteristic of the pig meat of the Złotnicka Spotted breed (L* = 49.19) (P≤0.01). Meat of all three groups of the tested pigs had the quality characteristics related to normal meat. The highest content of protein was found in the Złotnicka Spotted meat (25.23%) at optimum fat content (2.25%). The high content of ash (1.63%) recorded in the Złotnicka Spotted meat meant higher content of macro and microelements, especially iron and zinc, as compared to meat of the four-breed crossbreds (P≤0.01). The highest amount of monounsaturated fatty acids (52.72%) was recorded in porcine meat of the Puławska breed, while content of polyunsaturated fatty acids was the highest in meat of the four-breed crossbreds (16.77% vs. 9.32% and 15.19%) (P≤0.01). No differences were found between the groups tested for atherogenic index. In terms of most physicochemical and functional characteristics, meat of native pig breeds was superior to the meat of commercial pigs from mass-production.
Effect of Thickness, Density and Cavity Depth on the Sound Absorption Properties of Wool Boards
Authors: Qui Hua , Enhui Yang
Published: November 2017

A novel wool absorption board was prepared by using a traditional non-woven technique with coarse wools as the main raw material mixed with heat binding fibers. By using the transfer-function method and standing wave tube method, the sound absorption properties of wool boards in a frequency range of 250-6300 Hz were studied by changing the thickness, density, and cavity depth. Results indicated that wool boards exhibited excellent sound absorption properties, which at high frequencies were better than that at low frequencies. With increasing thickness, the sound absorption coefficients of wool boards increased at low frequencies and fluctuated at high frequencies. However, the sound absorption coefficients changed insignificantly and then improved at high frequencies with increasing density. With increasing cavity depth, the sound absorption coefficients of wool boards increased significantly at low frequencies and decreased slightly at high frequencies.
Epigenetic regulation mechanisms of microRNA expression
Authors: Morales Sara , Monzo Mariano , Navarro Alfons
Published: November 2017

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded RNAs of 18–25 nucleotides that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They are involved in many physiological and pathological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, development and carcinogenesis. Because of the central role of miRNAs in the regulation of gene expression, their expression needs to be tightly controlled. Here, we summarize the different mechanisms of epigenetic regulation of miRNAs, with a particular focus on DNA methylation and histone modification.
The Comparative Advantages in the Services Sector of Developing Economies
Authors: Cunha Nuno , Forte Rosa
Published: November 2017

International trade of goods and services plays an important role in the growth of economies. To make this growth sustainable in the long run, it is important to understand in what goods or services countries have comparative advantage (CA). The present work focuses on the ten biggest developing economies, revealing their CA in the services sector. The main results reveal that India has a CA in computer and information services, Macao, Thailand and Turkey in travel services, China, Hong Kong, India and Taiwan in other business services, Korea in construction and transport services, and Singapore in financial and transport services.
The Oslo Principles and the Enterprises Principles: Legal Strategies to Come to Grips with Climate Change
Authors: Spier Jaap
Published: November 2017

It is almost commonly accepted that we must keep the increase of global temperature below 2 degrees C and preferably below 1.5 degree C. This begs the question: do states and enterprises have concrete reduction and other obligations to stem the tide? The Oslo Principles, adopted on March 2015, tried to discern the legal obligations of states and to a lesser extent enterprises. The Enterprises Principles will map the legal obligations of enterprises, financiers and long term investors such as pension funds. Both set of principles are based on an interpretation of the law as it stands or will likely develop. This article and Philip Sutherland’s contribution to this volume focus on the core obligations of both the Oslo and the Enterprises Principles. Since the adoption of the Oslo Principles a lot has happened. This contribution also discusses a few key features of the Oslo Principles in light of these developments.
Adaptive Intervention Methodology for Reduction of Respondent Contact Burden in the American Community Survey
Authors: Ashmead Robert , Slud Eric , Hughes Todd
Published: November 2017

The notion of respondent contact burden in sample surveys is defined, and a multi-stage process to develop policies for curtailing nonresponse follow-up is described with the goal of reducing this burden on prospective survey respondents. The method depends on contact history paradata containing information about contact attempts both for respondents and for sampled nonrespondents. By analysis of past data, policies to stop case follow-up based on control variables measured in paradata can be developed by calculating propensities to respond for paradata-defined subgroups of sampled cases. Competing policies can be assessed by comparing outcomes (lost interviews, numbers of contacts, patterns of reluctant participation, or refusal to participate) as if these stopping policies had been followed in past data. Finally, embedded survey experiments may be used to assess contact-burden reduction policies when these are implemented in the field. The multi-stage method described here abstracts the stages followed in a series of research studies aimed at reducing contact burden in the Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) and Computer Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI) modes of the American Community Survey (ACS), which culminated in implementation of policy changes in the ACS.
How to Obtain Valid Inference under Unit Nonresponse?
Authors: Boeschoten Laura , Vink Gerko , Hox Joop J.C.M.
Published: November 2017

Weighting methods are commonly used in situations of unit nonresponse with linked register data. However, several arguments in terms of valid inference and practical usability can be made against the use of weighting methods in these situations. Imputation methods such as sample and mass imputation may be suitable alternatives, as they lead to valid inference in situations of item nonresponse and have some practical advantages. In a simulation study, sample and mass imputation were compared to traditional weighting when dealing with unit nonresponse in linked register data. Methods were compared on their bias and coverage in different scenarios. Both, sample and mass imputation, had better coverage than traditional weighting in all scenarios.

Imputation methods can therefore be recommended over weighting as they also have practical advantages, such as that estimates outside the observed data distribution can be created and that many auxiliary variables can be taken into account. The use of sample or mass imputation depends on the specific data structure.
Synthesis of propargylamines catalyzed by nano-colloidal silica-tethered polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes with eight branches of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as an efficient catalyst
Authors: Safaei-Ghomi Javad , Nazemzadeh Seyed Hadi , Shahbazi-Alavi Hossein
Published: November 2017

Here, we report a family of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes with eight branches of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane tethered to nano-colloidal silica, which is characterized by
The coupling of carbon dioxide with ethene to produce acrylic acid sodium salt in one pot by using Ni(II) and Pd(II)-phosphine complexes as precatalysts
Authors: Vavasori Andrea , Calgaro Loris , Pietrobon Luca , Ronchin Lucio
Published: November 2017

The use of CO2 as a feedstock for chemical synthesis is considered as a viable alternative option to some traditional processes. One of the most interesting challenge for the industry is represented by the CO2 coupling with olefins to produce acrylate. Only recently, with the choice of suitable ligands and the use of a sacrificial base, a selective catalytic reaction was established by using Ni(0)-based complexes. The one-pot reaction, which leads to the highest TON (107 mol/mol Ni, in 20 h) reported so far, was successfully developed starting from Ni(0)-based precursors in the presence of disphosphine ligands, a large excess of base and of finely powdered zinc. In the present paper, we carried out the catalytic synthesis of sodium acrylate from CO2 and ethene, in one-pot, by using Ni(II)-chloride and Pd(II)-chloride phosphine-complexes as precatalyst. The reaction occurs under basic conditions and without adding any external reductants. The Ni(II) complexes lead to higher TON than the respective Pd(II) precursors and the best results are obtained by using diphosphines having high bite angles. Such catalysis is favored by aprotic and polar solvents in which a TON of 290 mol/mol Ni is reached by using the [NiCl2(dppp)] precursor in DMSO. Furthermore the TON could be increased by increasing the temperature, the base concentration and by using diphosphine ligands having high bite angle.
Windows of the Soul in the Worldview of Philo of Alexandria
Authors: Botica Aurelian
Published: November 2017

One of the most important paradigm shifts in the history of Greek philosophy was the ‘rediscovery’ of transcendence in the movement of Intermediate Platonism. Less than a century before the birth of Hellenism (late 4th century BC), Plato had advocated an intentional preoccupation with the life of the mind / soul, encouraging the individual to avoid being entrapped in the material limitations of life and instead discover its transcendental dimension. The conquest of Athens by the Macedonians, followed by the invasion of the Orient by Alexander the Great, set in motion sociological and cultural changes that challenged the relevance of Platonic philosophy. The transcendental vision of Platonism left the individual still struggling to find happiness in the world created by Alexander the Great. This was the context in which the schools the of Cynicism, Stoicism, Epicureanism and Skepticism challenged Platonism with their call to happiness in this world and by means of the Hellenistic dominance and the rise of Roman supremacy stirred a renewed spiritual and philosophical effort to rediscover the world beyond; that is, the transcendental world of Plato. This was Middle Platonism and the Jewish philosopher Philo of Alexandria was one of its most prolific writers. In this paper, we will examine the concept of the soul in the writings of Philo, with an emphasis on the role that the soul plays in the act of approaching God through the means of the external / material cult (Temple, sacrifices, priests, etc.). Philo offers a complex vision of the soul, one that remains critically relevant to understanding the Greek, Jewish, and Christian thought that emerged after Philo.
Analysis of Phenomenels with Hydrologic Large Risk in the Hydrographic Basin of the Trotuş River
Authors: Avram Mihaela , Luca Mihail
Published: November 2017

The paper presents an analysis of the high hydrological risk phenomena formed in the hydrographic basin of the Trotuş River in the last period of time. The Trotuş River and the tributaries are monitored by 21 hydrometric stations. Precipitation volume processing indicated a number of risk factors that have prevailed over the last 20 years. The hydrological data processing revealed the presence of several flood flows in the same year. The effects of the floods have materialized through the excessive degradation of river bedside regulation and shore defence works. The floods of the past 25 years have resulted in the destruction of a large number of economic and social objectives in the Trotuş River area, as well as human losses. Parameters of hydroclimatic risk highlighted by research are represented by torrential precipitations, floods with high probability, high frequency of high-flow flows, formation of high erosion velocities of the bed, etc. Parameters of hydroclimatic risk impose special conditions for the design of river regularization and shore defence.
Survey on Road-Tyre Contact Patch Pattern and Wear Related Aspects
Authors: Azodo Adinife Patrick
Published: November 2017

Motor vehicle end-users approaches to tyre safety issues in automobiles translate to a number of tyre failure risk factors. This study basically assessed tread wear pattern of tyres in passenger cars used on Nigeria roads. The result obtained showed that 75.4% of the assessed tyres showed uneven wear pattern resulting from incorrect tyre-road contact effects. This observed high proportion of uneven tyre tread wear pattern implies high rate of inconsequential regard for tyre safety.
An Estimating the Effect of Process Parameters on Metal Removal Rate and Surface Roughness in WEDM of Composite Al6063/SiC/Al2O3 by Taguchi Method
Authors: Himanshu Prasad Raturi , Lalta Prasad , Mayank Pokhriyal , Vineet Tirth
Published: November 2017

The present study was focused on the fabrication of metal matrix and hybrid metal matrix composites through stir casting process. The Aluminium 6063 was used as base material and SiC/Al2O3 were used as reinforcement with varying weight %. The parametric study on a wire-cut electro discharge machine was carried out by using Taguchi Method. A statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to identify the process parameters that were statistically significant. It was observed that the MRR decreases with increase in the percentage weight fraction of SiC and Al2O3 particles in the MMCs and HMMCs. Whereas, the surface roughness parameter increases with increase in the percentage weight fraction of SiC and Al2O3 particles due to the hardness of MMCs and HMMCs composites.
Vehicle Speed Determination in Case of Road Accident by Software Method and Comparing of Results with the Mathematical Model
Authors: Hoxha Gezim , Shala Ahmet , Likaj Rame
Published: November 2017

The paper addresses the problem to vehicle speed calculation at road accidents. To determine the speed are used the PC Crash software and Virtual Crash. With both methods are analysed concrete cases of road accidents. Calculation methods and comparing results are present for analyse. These methods consider several factors such are: the front part of the vehicle, the technical feature of the vehicle, car angle, remote relocation after the crash, road conditions etc. Expected results with PC Crash software and Virtual Crash are shown in tabular graphics and compared in mathematical methods.
Analysis of Mechanical Properties of the “Bearing” Part Based on Polished Samples
Authors: Padovec Zdeněk , Sedláček Radek , Růžička Milan , Růžička Pavel
Published: November 2017

Presented work describes the use of algorithm for the computation of thermo-elastic properties of randomly reinforced composite which is based on histogram from image analysis done on ITAM, CAS. Three polished samples from “Bearing” part were analyzed. Results are used for verification of the algorithm functionality and primarily for computation of thermo-elastic properties which were compared with each other and used in modified FE analysis.
EN AW-2024 Wrought Aluminum Alloy Processed by Casting with Crystallization under Pressure
Authors: Vanko Branislav , Stanček Ladislav , Moravčík Roman
Published: November 2017

By using the wrought aluminum alloys can be created castings with higher mechanical properties than the castings made of standard foundry aluminum alloys, but it is necessary to handle the process of making sound castings without any defects such as hot tears and shrinkage porosity. In experiments, we have been studied of wrought aluminum alloy EN AW-2024 which has been processed by the casting with crystallization under pressure with forced flow. Castings were heat treated by standard T6 heat treatment.
Visual rhetorical argumentation
Authors: Kjeldsen Jens E.
Published: November 2017

In semiotics and the study of pictorial communication, the conceptualization of visual rhetoric and argumentation has been dominated by two connected approaches: firstly, by providing an understanding of visual rhetoric through tropes and figures; and secondly, by interpreting pictures as texts that are read and decoded in the same way as words. Because these approaches provide an opportunity to understand pictures as a form of language, they contribute in explaining how pictures can be used to argue. At the same time, however, these approaches seem to under-communicate two central aspects of pictorial argumentation: its embedment in specific situations and the distinguishing phenomenological aesthetics of pictures. This paper argues that the study of visual argumentation must understand pictures both as languageandas a material aesthetic event. The possibility and actuality of visual argumentation is partly explained by understanding argumentation as a cognitive and situational phenomenon, and partly by introducing the notion of symbolic condensation. It is suggested that reconstruction of visual argumentation should be supported by reception analysis.
Static Load Test on Instrumented Pile – Field Data and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Krasiński Adam , Wiszniewski Mateusz
Published: November 2017

Static load tests on foundation piles are generally carried out in order to determine load – the displacement characteristic of the pile head. For standard (basic) engineering practices this type of test usually provides enough information. However, the knowledge of force distribution along the pile core and its division into the friction along the shaft and the resistance under the base can be very useful. Such information can be obtained by strain gage pile instrumentation [1]. Significant investigations have been completed on this technology, proving its utility and correctness [8], [10], [12]. The results of static tests on instrumented piles are not easy to interpret. There are many factors and processes affecting the final outcome. In order to understand better the whole testing process and soil-structure behavior some investigations and numerical analyses were done. In the paper, real data from a field load test on instrumented piles is discussed and compared with numerical simulation of such a test in similar conditions. Differences and difficulties in the results interpretation with their possible reasons are discussed. Moreover, the authors used their own analytical solution for more reliable determination of force distribution along the pile. The work was presented at the XVII French-Polish Colloquium of Soil and Rock Mechanics, Łódź, 28–30 November 2016.
Joint Continuity of Separately Continuous Mappings with Values in Completely Regular Spaces
Authors: Maslyuchenko Volodymyr , Myronyk Oksana , Filipchuk Olha
Published: November 2017

We prove general theorems on quasi-continuity of mappings f : X
1 × ⋯ × Xn
→ Z with values in a completely regular space Z. As consequences, we obtain results on joint continuity of separately continuous functions of several variables involving the previous results of several authors.
Role of defectivity on the crystallography of martensitic transformations in Ti50Ni40Cu10: an XRD investigation
Authors: Coduri Mauro , Biffi Carlo A. , Bassani Paola , Tuissi Ausonio
Published: November 2017

Martensitic transformations in Ni50Ti40Cu10are well known to proceed with a two-step process, from B2 austenite to monoclinic B19′ with intermediate orthorhombic B19. These transformations can be readily followed by X-ray diffraction especially in solution heat-treated materials through split and distribution of the main diffraction lines, while peaks broadening and overlap make the transformations more difficult to be described in highly defective materials. The present study addresses the effect of defects and chemical inhomogeneities on the martensitic transformation, placing particular emphasis on the crystallography of the low temperature B19 to B19′ phase transition. Lattice strains proved to be a powerful tool to monitor the martensitic transformations: whereas a clear discontinuity is observed for the solution heat-treated sample, defects promote a continuous progressive distortion from B19 to B19′. Calorimetry and internal friction investigations were added as a reference to verify the occurrence of the transformations and define the corresponding temperatures.
β-Y(BO2)3 – a new member of the β-Ln(BO2)3 (Ln=Nd, Sm, Gd–Lu) structure family
Authors: Schmitt Martin K. , Huppertz Hubert
Published: November 2017

β-Y(BO2)3 was synthesized in a Walker-type multianvil module at 5.9 GPa/1000°C. The crystal structure has been elucidated through single-crystal X-ray diffraction. β-Y(BO2)3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma (no. 62) with the lattice parameters a
=15.886(2), b
=7.3860(6), and c
=12.2119(9) Å. Its crystal structure will be discussed in the context of the isotypic lanthanide borates β-Ln(BO2)3 (Ln
=Nd, Sm, Gd–Lu).
Neoadjuvant palbociclib on ER+ breast cancer (N007): clinical response and EndoPredict’s value
Authors: Chow Louis W C , Morita Satoshi , Chow Christopher Y C , Ng Wai-Kuen , Toi Masakazu
Published: November 2017

The purpose of the study was to test the efficacy of neoadjuvant palbociclib therapy and to evaluate its impact on cell cycle arrest and changes in EndoPredict (EP) scores before and after treatment. Postmenopausal women with histologically proven ER+ve, HER2−ve invasive breast cancer, 2 cm or greater, were enrolled in an open-label, single-arm study. Twenty eligible patients were given letrozole 2.5 mg per day together with palbociclib 125 mg per day for 3 out of 4 weeks in repeated cycles for 16 weeks (4 cycles) before surgery. The primary end points were clinical response rates (cRR) and preoperative endocrine prognostic index (PEPI). The secondary end points were pathologic response and gene expression testing with EP test on collected tumor samples. The following results were obtained. 17 patients showed a clinical response of 50% or more, including 8 complete responses and 9 partial responses. There was significant reduction in area (P < 0.0001) and volume (P = 0.017) of the cancer. Pathologic complete response (pCR) was achieved in one patient; all cancers were downgraded after treatment. Ki67 (P = 0.044) and EP scores (P < 0.0001) were significantly reduced after treatment. Analysis of the relative gene expression levels showed that all proliferative genes, IL6ST and RBBP8 were decreased after palbociclib treatment. 6 patients with intermediate and three patients with high PEPI risk scores were found to have low EPclin scores. All patients with high PEPI relapse risk score had high EPclin score. In conclusion, effective clinical response was demonstrated by neoadjuvant letrozole in combination with palbociclib. Compared with PEPI, EPclin might be a better parameter to estimate prognosis after neoadjuvant therapy.
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection: state of the art in humans
Authors: Palermo G D , O’Neill C L , Chow S , Cheung S , Parrella A , Pereira N , Rosenwaks Z
Published: November 2017

Among infertile couples, 25% involve both male and female factors, while male factor alone accounts for another 25% due to oligo-, astheno-, teratozoospermia, a combination of the three, or even a complete absence of sperm cells in the ejaculate and can lead to a poor prognosis even with the help of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has been with us now for a quarter of a century and in spite of the controversy generated since its inception, it remains in the forefront of the techniques utilized in ART. The development of ICSI in 1992 has drastically decreased the impact of male factor, resulting in millions of pregnancies worldwide for couples who, without ICSI, would have had little chance of having their own biological child. This review focuses on the state of the art of ICSI regarding utility of bioassays that evaluate male factor infertility beyond the standard semen analysis and describes the current application and advances in regard to ICSI, particularly the genetic and epigenetic characteristics of spermatozoa and their impact on reproductive outcome.
Genes Integral to the Reproductive Function of Male Reproductive Tissues Drive Heterogeneity in Evolutionary Rates in Japanese Quail
Authors: Finseth Findley R , Harrison Richard G
Published: November 2017

Early comparative genomics studies originally uncovered a nonintuitive pattern; genes involved in reproduction appeared to evolve more rapidly than other classes of genes. Currently, the emerging consensus is that genes encoding reproductive proteins evolve under variable selective pressures, producing more heterogeneous divergence patterns than previously appreciated. Here, we investigate a facet of that heterogeneity and explore the factors that drive male reproductive tissue-based heterogeneity in evolutionary rates. In Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), genes with enriched expression in the testes evolve much more rapidly than those enriched in the foam gland (FG), a novel gland that secretes an airy foam that males transfer to females during mating. We compared molecular evolutionary patterns among (1) genes with induced expression in breeding vs. wintering conditions for both tissues and (2) genes that encode foam proteins (FPs) vs. those with varying degrees of expression specificity in the FG. We report two major findings. First, genes upregulated in breeding condition testes evolve exceptionally rapidly, while those induced in breeding condition FGs evolve slowly. These differences hold even after correcting for hormonally-dependent gene expression and chromosomal location. Second, genes encoding FPs are extremely conserved in terms of gene identity and sequence. Together, these finding suggest that genes involved in the reproductive function of each tissue drive the marked rate of heterogeneity.
Genome-Wide Mapping of Decay Factor–mRNA Interactions in Yeast Identifies Nutrient-Responsive Transcripts as Targets of the Deadenylase Ccr4
Authors: Miller Jason E , Zhang Liye , Jiang Haoyang , Li Yunfei , Pugh B Franklin , Reese Joseph C
Published: November 2017

The Ccr4 (carbon catabolite repression 4)-Not complex is a major regulator of stress responses that controls gene expression at multiple levels, from transcription to mRNA decay. Ccr4, a “core” subunit of the complex, is the main cytoplasmic deadenylase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae; however, its mRNA targets have not been mapped on a genome-wide scale. Here, we describe a genome-wide approach, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) high-throughput sequencing (RIP-seq), to identify the RNAs bound to Ccr4, and two proteins that associate with it, Dhh1 and Puf5. All three proteins were preferentially bound to lowly abundant mRNAs, most often at the 3′ end of the transcript. Furthermore, Ccr4, Dhh1, and Puf5 are recruited to mRNAs that are targeted by other RNA-binding proteins that promote decay and mRNA transport, and inhibit translation. Although Ccr4-Not regulates mRNA transcription and decay, Ccr4 recruitment to mRNAs correlates better with decay rates, suggesting it imparts greater control over transcript abundance through decay. Ccr4-enriched mRNAs are refractory to control by the other deadenylase complex in yeast, Pan2/3, suggesting a division of labor between these deadenylation complexes. Finally, Ccr4 and Dhh1 associate with mRNAs whose abundance increases during nutrient starvation, and those that fluctuate during metabolic and oxygen consumption cycles, which explains the known genetic connections between these factors and nutrient utilization and stress pathways.
Are negative symptoms in schizophrenia a distinct therapeutic target?
Authors: Capatina Octavia Oana , Miclutia Ioana Valentina
Published: November 2017

Background and aims. The relationship between negative symptoms and cognition in schizophrenia is not clear, inconsistent findings have been reported by multiple authors and meta analyses. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cognition and primary negative symptoms.Methods. 67 outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia were evaluated using PANSS and the NSA-16 scale. Correlation and regression analyses were used in the present study to investigate the relationship between the primary negative symptoms and cognition.Results. No relationship was found between the PANSS Cognitive factor and Negative factor, but when investigating the relationship of the Cognitive PANSS factor with the negative symptoms evaluated with the NSA-16 scale, it was shown that there is a significant association between cognition and motor retardation.Conclusions. Our study reveals the relative independence of cognitive factor from the global negative domain of the psychopathology, even though the association with motor retardation was clear. These findings also support the need of using appropriate assessment tools in order to gain a more refined understanding of the phenomenology of schizophrenia.
Survival in Very Preterm Infants: An International Comparison of 10 National Neonatal Networks
Authors: Helenius Kjell , Sjörs Gunnar , Shah Prakesh S. , Modi Neena , Reichman Brian , Morisaki Naho , Kusuda Satoshi , Lui Kei , Darlow Brian A. , Bassler Dirk , Håkansson Stellan , Adams Mark , Vento Maximo , Rusconi Franca , Isayama Tetsuya , Lee Shoo K. , Lehtonen Liisa ,   on behalf of the International Network for Evaluating Outcomes (iNeo) of Neonates
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVES:

To compare survival rates and age at death among very preterm infants in 10 national and regional neonatal networks.

METHODS:

A cohort study of very preterm infants, born between 24 and 29 weeks’ gestation and weighing <1500 g, admitted to participating neonatal units between 2007 and 2013 in the International Network for Evaluating Outcomes of Neonates. Survival was compared by using standardized ratios (SRs) comparing survival in each network to the survival estimate of the whole population.

RESULTS:

Network populations differed with respect to rates of cesarean birth, exposure to antenatal steroids and birth in nontertiary hospitals. Network SRs for survival were highest in Japan (SR: 1.10; 99% confidence interval: 1.08–1.13) and lowest in Spain (SR: 0.88; 99% confidence interval: 0.85–0.90). The overall survival differed from 78% to 93% among networks, the difference being highest at 24 weeks’ gestation (range 35%–84%). Survival rates increased and differences between networks diminished with increasing gestational age (GA) (range 92%–98% at 29 weeks’ gestation); yet, relative differences in survival followed a similar pattern at all GAs. The median age at death varied from 4 days to 13 days across networks.

CONCLUSIONS:

The network ranking of survival rates for very preterm infants remained largely unchanged as GA increased; however, survival rates showed marked variations at lower GAs. The median age at death also varied among networks. These findings warrant further assessment of the representativeness of the study populations, organization of perinatal services, national guidelines, philosophy of care at extreme GAs, and resources used for decision-making.
Molecular-level simulations of oil-contaminated clays
Authors: Ahmed Habib-ur-Rehman , Abduljauwad Sahel N
Published: November 2017

Petroleum products, besides being the core of the energy source, frequently result in the contamination of subsurface soils. Clay minerals, being electrochemically active components of soils, are the most affected and hence lead to substantial change in behaviour and properties of the soils. This paper provides a multilevel study consisting of macro and micro testings coupled with molecular-level simulations of the behaviour of active clay mineral in the soil structure, pore fluids and dissolved salts when contaminated with crude oil. There was a significant change in the engineering behaviour of the contaminated clay. The coarse-grained soil-like behaviour was observed in the strength of the oil-contaminated clay. The contamination has affected the plasticity and the cation-exchange capacity of the investigated clay. The swelling pressure of the contaminated clay is reduced to about one third of that of the uncontaminated clay, while there was no change observed in the swelling percentage. The formation of oil-coated agglomerates due to the addition of the crude oil has been found to be responsible for most of the physical and mechanical processes in the contaminated clays. The study’s molecular-level simulation modelling concepts can be used to describe the behaviour of clay minerals and other interacting compounds.
Effect of shoot parameters on cracking in vegetated soil
Authors: Gadi Vinay Kumar , Bordoloi Sanandam , Garg Ankit , Sahoo Lingaraj , Berretta Christian , Sekharan Sreedeep
Published: November 2017

The relationship of shoot parameters, which play a major role in transpiration, with the cracking of soil has rarely been investigated. Such relation helps to analyse water use efficiency accurately. This study investigated the effect of vegetation (cowpea) age on crack formation and explored any correlation between age and cracking. The age of vegetation was expressed in the form of shoot parameters (shoot length (SL) and leaf area index (LAI)). Crack formation was expressed in the form of crack intensity factor (CIF). Ten experimental test pots were used to observe crack formation on vegetated and bare soil in a greenhouse. Image analysis in the experimental pots revealed that under drying–wetting cycles, the CIF of vegetated soil increased compared with that of bare soil. There was an evident increase in CIF with SL growth, up to a threshold length (400 mm), where lateral branch growth starts forming. There was no observable increase in CIF, with further SL growth (with negligible lateral branch formation). CIF increased with LAI up to a certain threshold value (0·56), after which the CIF was relatively the same. Two correlations have been identified for shoot parameters (SL, LAI) with the CIF for the selected species.
Bacterial species from retailed poultry eggs in Tshwane, South Africa: Implication for consumers
Authors: Jambalang Alexander R. , Buys Buys M. , Botha Francien S.
Published: November 2017

Food safety is an important public health issue and governments across the world are intensifying their efforts to improve the quantity, quality and the safety of national food supplies. Bacteria, especially Salmonella species, present in or on chicken meat and hens’ eggs in particular are the most common causes of food poisoning and the major sources of human salmonellosis. Literature reveals little information on the risk factors for salmonellae infection in Africa. The aim of this study was to determine which, if any, bacteria, especially Salmonella species, are present in and on hens’ eggs. Representative bacterial colonies were confirmed with Gram staining and then identified using the MALDI-TOF Biotyper assay. The genera identified were Escherichia coli (34%), Enterococcus faecalis (14%), Proteus mirabilis (9%), Klebshiella pneumoniae (7%), Salmonella Typhimurium (6%), Enterobacter cloacae (1%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (0.6%), Salmonella Dublin (0.6%) and Salmonella Braenderup (0.2%). Raw hens’ eggs and products containing raw hens’ eggs may contain pathogenic bacteria, thereby exposing a large number of consumers to the risk of contracting food poisoning when undercooked or uncooked hens’ eggs are consumed.
Significance: 

Enterobacteriaceae counts are used as an indicator to evaluate the hygienic quality of food.
The presence of Salmonella species and other Enterobacteriaceae in raw hens’ eggs poses a health risk to consumers.
Any product in which raw eggs are used must be provided with a conspicuous label stating that it may contain pathogenic bacteria.
rise and fall of dissolved phosphate in South African rivers
Authors: Griffin Neil J.
Published: November 2017

Eutrophication of water resources following nutrient loading is a global threat to water quality, and has been found to be one of the major threats to water quality in South Africa. Eutrophication is large-scale autotroph growth following nutrient enrichment and has several consequences, including loss of biodiversity, oxygen depletion, taste/odour generation and algal toxin production. Phosphate enrichment is often (but not always) the cause of freshwater eutrophication, and limitation of phosphate is commonly used as a means of controlling eutrophication. This study reports on a survey of trends in nutrient levels in South African freshwater resources. The research reported on here shows a significant decrease in dissolved phosphate levels in recent years, following a long period during which phosphate levels had been increasing with time. While changes in inorganic nitrogen were found, these changes did not match those in phosphate levels. Several potential causes of these changes were assessed, and it is concluded that no one cause can explain the changes observed. While the decrease in freshwater phosphate levels bodes well for water quality management, internal phosphorus cycling and other mechanisms are likely to mask the short-term impact of phosphate decreases.

Significance: 

Eutrophication, caused by nutrient loading, is a threat to water quality.
Phosphate levels in South African fresh water have risen steadily with time, but recently have shown a sharp decrease, which cannot easily be attributed to one phosphate source.
The decrease has promise for eutrophication management but changes may not occur in the short term.
Role of Psychological Culture of Teachers in Supporting Implementation of Basic Education Standards
Authors: Dubrovina I.V. , Lubovsky D.
Published: November 2017

The paper focuses on the role of teachers’ psychological culture in supporting the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard for Basic Education.The authors stress that formation of personal educational outcomes in students is a task closely associated with the level of psychological culture of teachers.Using a questionnaire designed to explore the teachers’ need to improve their psychological competence, the authors carried out a survey of 69 teachers and outlined the priority areas of psychological culture improvement for the teachers basing on the outcomes of the survey.The paper analyses the relationship between the professionally significant qualities of the teachers (such as communicative and organizational skills) and their views on the formation of personal educational outcomes in students.Finally, the paper outlines the possibilities of developing psychological culture in teachers as a system of means allowing them to fulfill the requirements of modern educational standards, in particular, to resolve the task of forming personal educational outcomes in students.
Los baptisterios parroquiales de Jerez de la Frontera en la Edad Moderna. Una propuesta metodológica para estudios de liturgia y arquitectura.
Authors: Rodil Pablo Pomar
Published: November 2017

Las capillas del bautismo de la Colegiata de San Salvador y demás parroquias de Jerez de la Frontera presentan como conjunto un interés histórico artístico considerable y algunas en concreto son además, bien sea por su singularidad tipológica o por su entidad arquitectónica y decorativa, ejemplares notables. Sin embargo, será volcando el caudal de noticias referidas a la historia constructiva de estos baptisterios parroquiales en un estudio de mayor amplitud sobre su funcionalidad litúrgica –tomando como  principales referencias el Ritual Romano y las Constituciones Sinodales hispalenses– donde el mencionado conjunto de capillas se revele como muestra suficiente de la cual extraer conclusiones aplicables tanto al resto de parroquias de la Archidiócesis de Sevilla, como a otras del ámbito hispano durante la Edad Moderna.
Ideación suicida en adolescentes del área rural: estilo de crianza y bienestar psicológico
Authors: Aburto G. Claudia Andrea , Díaz M. Karina , López C. Pedro
Published: November 2017

Objetivo: examinar el estilo de crianza, bienestar psicológico (depresión, autoestima) e ideación suicida en adolescentes de una escuela rural de secundaria.
Método: Diseño descriptivo predictivo y transversal aplicado a una muestra de 186 adolescentes de 13,5 ± 1,0 años de edad. Los participantes diligenciaron instrumentos validados en México, previo consentimiento de padres o tutores. Los datos se analizaron mediante regresión múltiple, utilizando el paquete estadístico SPSS 20.0.
Resultados: Los adolescentes con alta ideación suicida presentan moderada depresión y un nivel de autoestima medio. La crianza autoritaria con prácticas de no razonamiento y hostilidad verbal contribuye a la depresión (afecto deprimido), y las prácticas de castigo corporal y hostilidad verbal predicen problemas de autoestima (competencia negativa). En el caso de la autoestima de competencia negativa, la depresión de afecto deprimido y la somatización explican la ideación suicida.
Conclusión: Los adolescentes con ideación suicida tienen depresión y baja autoestima y son hijos de padres con estilo de crianza autoritaria. Los hallazgos sugieren indagaciones futuras en la crianza parental intergeneracional y el análisis de tres tipos de crianza autoritaria según lo detectado en el estudio. Es necesaria la presencia de la enfermería familiar para favorecer la conexión interpersonal con la red familiar significativa del adolescente, que pueda ayudar a su bienestar psicológico.
Narrativa de enfermería analizada mediante el sistema conceptual teórico empírico
Authors: Briñez-Ariza Karol J.
Published: November 2017

El objetivo fue analizar la narrativa de una situación de enfermería entre una enfermera y un niño en el escenario clínico del servicio de urgencias, mediante el enfoque del sistema conceptual teórico empírico. Este sistema permitió identificar la visión de enfermería como elemento conceptual y los reclamos filosóficos de la teoría de enfermería de relaciones interpersonales de Hildegard Peplau, así como los conceptos del metaparadigma. Se tuvieron en cuenta tanto el elemento teórico, correspondiente a las proposiciones no relacionales, como los indicadores empíricos. El uso de este sistema facilitó el análisis de una situación de enfermería derivada de la práctica profesional, utilizando una matriz científica con los diferentes niveles de abstracción del sistema conceptual teórico empírico, que sirve para generar conocimiento con el que la enfermera puede orientar el cuidado.
Influence of Magnetite Nanoparticles on Mechanical and Shielding Properties of Concrete
Authors: Lesbayev A. , Elouadi B. , Borbotko T. , Manakov S. , Smagulova G. , Boiprav O. , Prikhodko N.
Published: November 2017

This paper presents an experimental study on the performance of shielding concrete with additives of magnetite nanoparticles. Two concretes with magnetite additives as well as one based concrete were tested. In order to achieve the high-performance concrete, all concrete mixes had a constant water/cement ratio of 0.45. In order to measure the mechanical properties, concrete samples were made in accordance with dimension such as 40 × 40 × 160 mm. But, for measurement of protective properties the concrete was made in accordance with dimension of rotary antennas such as 400 × 400 mm with a thickness of 10 mm. The nanoparticles Fe3O4 were synthesized by chemical condensation method. XRD have shown the presence of cubic structure of Fe3O4 spinel with crystallite size is equal to 130.0 Å. The TEM microphotograph shows that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles are spherical, the range of sizes is 12‒30 nm. The magnetic retardation suggests that the magnetite nanoparticles have superparamagnetic properties. This is explained by the fact that under the influence of external magnetic field, they are single-domain, in other words, they become uniformly magnetized throughout the volume. The additives of magnetite nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.5% mass have not a negative effect on flexural strength. The samples with additives of magnetite nanoparticles showed better shielding of microwave radiation in the frequency range from 0.7 GHz to 13 GHz. The maximum efficiency of suppression of electromagnetic disturbance is equal to 19.9 dB at a frequency of 1.5 GHz with a thickness of 10 mm.