bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of Brucella antibodies of sheep and goats by using two serological tests in Al-Sulaimanya governorate
Authors: Jabary Osman M.
Published: July 2020

A research was carried out to detect Brucella antibodies of sheep and goats in Al-Sulaimanya governorate by using modified Rose Bengal test and indirect ELISA. A total of three hundred and eleven (311) whole blood samples (160 sheep and 151 goats) were collected randomly from eight different regions in Al-Sulaimanya governorate from unvaccinated flock with different ages. A total percentages of positive result by using modified Rose Bengal test was 14.46% (20% in sheep and 8.6% in goats), while by using indirect ELISA was 27.6% (35.2% in sheep and 19.2% in goats) with significant (P<0.05) differences. It revealed that rates to modified Rose Bengal test were 14.34% in female and 10.09% in males while to indirect ELISA 26.35% in female and 33.9% in males in sheep and goats, In conclusion of this study the high seroprevelence was at 1-3 years 19.2% and ˃3 years 33.96% according to modified Rose Bengal test and indirect ELISA, respectively.
Evaluating the bacterial culture technique by Polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of Brucella abortus in milk of cows suspected with brucellosis.
Authors: Noomy Bashar Sadeq
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study is to determine the sensitivity of bacterial culture technique in the detection of Brucella abortus in milk samples of aborted cows. Sixty samples of milk were collected from aborted cows during a period which did not exceed two months after the abortion. All of them were positive for rose bengal test. Results showed that Brucella abortus was isolated from 7 out of 60 (11.6%) from the milk of aborted cows, while PCR test showed that 32 out of 60 (53.3%) milk sample contained Brucella abortus. The specificity of culture techniques was 10%, but its sensitivity was only 21.8%. Beside the cautions in dealing with live Brucella abortus (as culture), it is also less sensitive than PCR, though it is better to use PCR technique in the diagnosis of brucellosis in aborted cows milk.
Comparative effect of probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), prebiotic (Fructooligosaccharide) and their combination on some blood indices in young common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Authors: Abdulrahman Nasreen M.
Published: July 2020

This study was carried out to examine the effect of Fructooligosaccharide as a source of prebiotic, and commercial dry yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as a source of probiotic and their combination in different level as a source of synbiotic. The experiment was conducted in the fish laboratory of Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of Sulaimani University. The trials lasted for three months after 21 days of adapting period 120 common carp fingerlings with an average weight of 20 ±2 gm, were used  to test the effect of different levels of the Fructooligosaccharide, yeast and their combination. In T1 fish were fed a diet with 2.5 gm/kg Fructooligosaccharide, in T2, fish were fed a diet 2.5 gm/kg yeast, T3 represents the third treatment, in which fish were fed on a diet 5 gm/kg Fructooligosaccharide. While, in T4 fish were fed a diet 5 gm/kg yeast, and T5 2.5 Fructooligosaccharide: 2.5 Yeast (gm/kg), T6 was 5 Fructooligosaccharide: 5 yeast (gm/kg), T7 2.5 Fructooligosaccharide: 5 Yeast gm/kg), while T8 5 Fructooligosaccharide, 2.5 (gm/kg) Yeast. Each treatment in three replicates in which five fingerlings common carp were stocked in plastic tanks, which fed the experimental diets twice daily. Blood parameters of tested fish showed significant differences in Red blood cell count (1012 cells/l) in T5 and T7 by 1.235 and 1.260, respectively. Hemoglobin (g/dl) data were 117.000 in the fifth treatment. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin (pg/cell) was 121.400 in T2, 137.850 in T3, 121.050 in T4, and 135.300 in T6; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (g/l) was 924.000, in the seventh treatment, mean corpuscular volume were (fL) 232.500 and 233.050 in T4 and T8 respectively. There were different effects of the treatment in the studied blood parameters in which the level of 2.5 g/kg in both Fructooligosaccharide and dry yeast affect significantly the Red blood cell, White blood cell and Hemoglobin.
An effect of hyaluronan as abdominal post-operative anti-adhesive in dogs, macroscopic, laparoscopic and histopathological study
Authors: Hashim Shatha M.
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of hyaluronan as abdominal anti-adhesive. Sixteen healthy adult local breed dogs, aged between (1-2 years) and weighed (15-20) kg were used. They were divided into two equal groups. First group is considered as a control group (A), the second group is the hyaluronic acid group (B); both groups underwent celiotomy under the effect of general anesthesia (combination of ketamine-xylazine at the dose rate of 15mg /kg and 5mg/kg B.W, respectively). Three sero-muscular incisions were 3cm long created at anti-mesenteric border in the descending colon and sutured with simple continuous suture using4-0chromic cat gut, abdominal wall closed in routine manner, in control group. The same procedure was performed in group B but 2 ml of 1%sodium hyaluronate was applied intra peritoneally prior to abdominal closure. Evaluation of the results was based on macroscopic, laparoscopic and microscopic examinations. Macroscopic examination showed severe adhesions in all animals in both 7th, 30thpost operative days with high grade scores (grade 3-4), except in one animal there was no adhesion in group A. While in group B, all dogs had developed mild adhesion formation at 7thpost operative day in low grade score (grade, 1). By 30thpost operative day there was no adhesion (grade, zero) except mild adhesion, in one case between omentum and abdominal wall (grade, 1). Histopathological examination showed dense fibrous connective tissue with congested blood vessels and irregular collagen fibersin group A. While in group B there were fine bundles of cellular connective tissue, granulation tissue with mononuclear cells infiltration. There were significant differences (P<0.05) between group B (1.00±0.00) and group A (3.50±0.28) at 7th, also at 30thpost operation a significant difference (P<0.05) was found between group B (*0.25±0.25) and group A (2.75±0.94) macroscopically. Histopathological examination also revealed a significant difference (P < 0.05) between group B(*1.00±0.81)and group A(2.75±0.50) at 7th and 30thpost operative days group B(*1.00±0.81) and group A(2.25±0.95).The study revealed, the effectiveness of hyaluronan in reducing intra-abdominal adhesions that occurred after abdominal surgery in dogs, in comparison with control group.
Optimization of ligninolytic enzymes production from Aspergillus terreus SG-777 by solid state fermentation
Authors: Imran Sahar Ghazi
Published: July 2020

The present study aimed at producing the ligninolytic enzymes extracts by growing single and co-cultures of an indigenous Aspergillus terreus SG-777 utilizing solid state fermentation (SSF) using lignocellulosic substrates. A further goal was to optimize the production condition of ligninolytic enzymes by selected fungal culture and lignocellulosic substrate. The production process was further improved by optimizing a number of physical parameters such as (substrate, incubation time, moisture level, inoculum size, pH, and temperature). By optimization of different parameters, the maximum specific activities of enzymes synthesized by Aspergillus terreus SG-777 were observed as 0.83 U/mg for manganese peroxidase (MnP), 18.03 U/mg for lignin peroxidase (LiP) and 0.91 U/mg for laccase,  when using the banana stalks as substrate after 8 days incubation at рH 5.5 and 35°C temperature with 1×105 spore/ml ml inoculum size, 1:5 w/v moisture content, 20:1 C:N ratio (glucose and ammonium tartarate as carbon and nitrogen supplements), 1ml of 1mM MnSO4 as mediator, and 1ml of 1mM MgSO4.7H2O2.
Influence of best thawing method to reduce microbial load in red meats
Authors: Obaidi Dahfir A .A.
Published: July 2020

The current study was carried out at the college of veterinary medicine, University of Baghdad, for three months. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different thawing method of frozen minced red meat to reduce its bacterial load. Four thawing methods were used where the tap water at 18 °C for two hours was used in the first method, while the hot water at 40 °C for 1.5 hours was used in the second method and in the third method the frozen minced meat samples were left at room temperature (28 °C) for two hours, where as in the fourth method the frozen meat samples were stored inside the refrigerator at 4 °C for 20 hours. Data revealed that there were  significant differences (P<0.05)  in the mean values of total aerobic bacterial counts between the tap water, room temperature and the refrigeration thawing methods and were lower than the standard limits recorded by ICOSQ and were ranged between 4.84 to 6.0 log cfu/gm of meat. On the other hand these data revealed that thawing in hot water had non significantly (P>0.05) the highest counts of total aerobic bacterial counts in comparison to the other mentioned three thawing methods and were  ranged from (6.04–7.9) log cfu/gm of meat, which were higher than the standard  limits recorded by ICOSQC. In conclusion on the basis of this investigation, it is pointed out that thawing of frozen minced red meat inside the refrigerator for overnight was the best and suitable to get meat with stable microbiological quality.
Hepatotoxic effect of chronic exposure of Tacrolimus in male Albino rats
Authors: Al-Ameedi Ali, I.
Published: July 2020

This study was carried out to investigate the hepatotoxicity of chronic adminstration of an immunosuppressant Tacrolimus in male albino rats. Thirty male albino rats were randomly divided into 3 equal groups, the first one (T1) recieved therapeutic dose (70µg/kg.BW) of Tacrolimus. The second group (T2) recieved double dose (140 µg/kg.BW) of Tacrolimus, while the third group recieved distilled water for the same period and considered as control (C). Alanine aminotransferase, Aspartate aminotransferases, Alkaline Phosphatase, serum potassium and serum calcium showed significant increase in both treated groups T1 and T2 as compared  with control, proportional to the dose of Tacrolimus. There were histopathological changes seen in liver at the end of exposure manifested by necrosis, hemorrhage, hyperplasia and fibrosis.It can be concluded that Tacrolimus has hepatotoxic effects when used for a long period
Effect of using various doses of Bromocriptine in estrus induction and subsequent fertility in lactating anestrus Iraqi Ewes
Authors: D. J. Khammas
Published: July 2020

Forty eight (48) anestrus lactating Iraqi ewes aged between 2-4 years were undertaken 40 days postpartum in Babylon province (Technical institute in Al-Mussaib). Ewes were randomly divided into 4 equal groups according to type of treatment implemented. Group 1 (G1) were treated with vaginal sponges impregnated with 60 mg Medroxy Progesterone acetate for 10 days. Immediately after sponge removal, each ewe was injected IM. with 500 IU. Equine choriogonadotropines. Ewes of G2 were treated with Medroxy Progesterone acetate and Equine choriogonadotropines as mentioned above in addition n to 10 mg bromocriptine/day orally for 10 successive days at the same time of sponges insertion. Animals of G3 were treated with Medroxy Progesterone acetate and Equine choriogonadotropines in addition to 20 mg bromocriptine/day orally for 10 days. Ewes of G4 were treated with Medroxy Progesterone acetate and Equine choriogonadotropines in addition to 30 mg bromocriptine /day orally for 10 days. All ewes were mixed free with 5 fertile rams for 7 days after hormonal treatment to detect estrus and natural mating. Results showed that the duration of response to treatment was significantly longer P<0.05 in G1 (3.42±0.17) days than that recorded in G4 (1.14±0.12), G3 (1.20±0.21) and G2 (2.16±0.14) days. Consequently, the number of ewes which showed estrus was significantly high P<0.05 in G4 (100%) compared to G3 (75%), G1 (83.3%) and G2 (91.6%). The percentage of pregnancy was significantly higher P<0.05 in G3 (100%) versus 70%, 83.3% and 90.9% in G1, G4 and G2, respectively. Serum estrogen values were gradually increased with the increased doses of bromocriptine in all groups while progesterone value was decreased at the last days before sponges removal in all ewes.
A comparative anatomical, histological and histochemical study of small intestine in Kestrel (Falco tunniculus) and white eared bulbul (Picnonotic leucotis) according to their food type
Authors: AL-A´araji Ahmed S.
Published: July 2020

This study was conducted on 30 birds (15 birds for each type) divided as 10 birds for each part of study. Anatomical part revealed that the small intestine in both birds kestrel (Falco tinniculus) and white eared bulbul (Picnonotic leucotis) formed from 3 segments; duodenum, jejunum and ileum with no clear demarcation line between them. In kestrel the Meckel's diverticulum appeared as small projection to separate between jejunum and ileum. Both ratio of intestinal length to body length and of intestinal weight to body weight was higher in bulbul than those in kestrel.  Histological study showed that the wall of all three parts of small intestine was composed of the same histological layers; these are mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa. There was almost similarity in structure of these tunics but significant differences in several Histomorphometric measurements of each tunica. Goblet cells were more abundant in all parts of small intestine of bulbul than those in kestrel and there was a gradual increasing in the number of these cells toward the end of intestine of both birds. Histochemical part of this study appeared that in villi and crypts of all small intestinal segments of both birds the goblet cells secrete neutral mucin in nature because it showed negative reaction to Alcian blue stain and positive to PAS stain.
Protective role of Nigella sativa oil on renal damage induced by acetaminophen in male rats
Authors: Hamad Zena M.
Published: July 2020

Acetaminophen also called paracetamol is commonly used as analgesic and antipyretic agent which in high doses causes liver and kidney damage in man and animals. Nigella sativa oil have antioxidant properties. Thirty adult male rats were used and randomly divided into three equal groups. Group (A) untreated and served as control group; Group (B) rats were orally intubated (by gavages needle) acetaminophen suspension (150mg/kg B.W). Group (C) rats were given orally acetaminophen suspension (150mg/kg) plus 1ml/kg B.W of Nigella sativa oil for 42 days in both treated group. Fasting blood samples were collected at 21 and 42 days of experiment to study the following parameters:  Serum creatinine concentration and blood urea nitrogen concentration. The results revealed a significant increase of acetaminophen group in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen concentrations as compression with GA. Animals treated with Nigella sativa oil plus acetaminophen (C) showed a significant decline in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen concentrations. In conclusion, the acetaminophen was effective in induction of oxidative stress and change in some biological markers related to kidney disease. Also it seems that Nigella sativa oil exerts protective actions against the damaging effect of acetaminophen
Induce estrus with ultrasonography examination and progesterone hormone assay for pregnancy diagnosis in Iraqi goats
Authors: Alwan A. F.
Published: July 2020

The aim of present work is to induce ovulation in 40 female goats in non-breeding seasons and pregnancy diagnosis using RIA of progesterone serum level and trans abdominal ultrasonography with 3.5 MHz prop. The 40 Iraqi goats were naturally inseminated during estrous phase, using fertile backs, after withdrawal of intravaginal impregnated sponges with 20 mg of cronolone               (Fluorogestone Acetate progestagen) kept for eleven days and 400 IU of equine chorionic gonadotrophin inject I/M 24hrs. before sponge withdraw. The results indicated that all does were showed (100%) estrous sign, the estrous time was 24-66 hrs. after sponge withdrawal and the pregnancy rate 67.5%. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein before progesterone treatment, at the time of insemination and after 21 day of insemination. Early pregnancy diagnosis by RIA of progesterone concentration was performed and showed progesterone hormone value as were increasing significantly (P<0.01) from 0.26±0.12 ng/ml before insemination to 3.29±1.10 ng/ml in 21 days after insemination. Pregnant animal was examined using transabdominal ultrasonography during 45, 60 and 90 days after insemination. In conclusion, estrus could be efficiently induced in female goats during non-breeding season using 20 mg cronolone impregnated sponge and 400 IU equine chorionic gonadotrophin I/M at 24 hrs. before spongy withdrawal. The effective of early detection of pregnancy by progesterone assay in 21 days after insemination and ultrasonography by abdominal 3.5 MHz transducer after 45 days of pregnancy.
Isolation and identification of the Newcastle disease virus from field outbreaks in broiler and layer flocks in Iraq
Authors: AL-Zuhariy Mushtaq T. B.
Published: July 2020

Newcastle disease is one of serious pathological problems and causes of vast economic losses during 2011-2016 in Iraq. The disease caused high mortalities in all types of poultry nevertheless of vaccination. In this study all samples were collected from infected flocks with clinical signs of the disease. Inoculation of chicken embryonated eggs was carried out for virus isolation, identification, Haemagglutination and Haemagglutination Inhibition assay. Using Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction to confirm the presence of the virus, Intra Cerebral Pathogenicity Index and Mean Death Time were used to confirm all the isolates that were velogenic. The important determinant of Newcastle disease virus pathogenicity is fusion protein that has been used for phylogenetic analysis. sequencing and compared genetically of Newcastle disease virus Iraqi isolate to publish sequences acquired from GenBank showed 99% sequence similarity to the Iran isolate IRI 1392k (KJ176996.1). It can concluded from these data that introduction new virus was occurred in Iraq.
Evaluation of Pyloroplasty repair by Single layer Simple Interrupted Extra Mucosal technique in Dogs
Authors: Nazht Humam H.
Published: July 2020

In this study a pyloroplasty technique was designed by using a single layer simple interrupted extra-mucosal suture pattern on pyloric region in dogs. Nine adult dogs were used to induce longitudinal surgical incision in the pyloric region under general anesthesia using a combination of 15mg/kg B.W. ketamine hydrochloride 5% and 5 mg/kg B.W Xylazine hydrochloride 2%. The incision was closed by pyloroplasty technique (longitudinal incision for whole layers with transverse suturing) using single layer simple interrupted extra mucosal technique. The examination achieved by daily clinical observation, radiological finding, at the end of 21st day post operation, macroscopical and histopathological examination at the period 3rd, 7th, and 21st days post operation. The results showed no significant clinical changes in body temperature and physiological activity. The radiological findings showed good patency of the pyloric canal after 21st days post operation. The macroscopic finding shows heavy amount of the omentum adhered around the site of incision. The microscopic finding showed good healing process by re-epithelization of the mucosal layer associated with granulation tissue proliferation, angiogenesis, and less infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells. The conclusion indicated that single layer simple interrupted extra mucosal suture pattern technique can be used successfully in repair the pyloric stenosis in dog.
Testosterone role during seasons changes in the dogs testes
Authors: Zaid Nazih Wayes
Published: July 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of seasons on serum testosterone level, testis histology examination and testosterone receptors by using cytoimmunochemistry techniques. Samples of blood and both testes were collected from 24 local dogs aged between 2-3 years and weighted 18-22 kg. This study carried out at 2015, divided into four seasons. No differences in testosterone level were observed between seasons. However, histological examinations were characterized by significant (P<0.01) changes during seasons in tubular diameters, germinal thickness and tubular area. Cytoimmunochemistry investigation showed differences between seasons also, there was a distributions of testosterone hormone receptors in the Leydig cells, Sertoli cells and in germinal epithelium during spring and autumn, at the same time the winter season showed distribution of testosterone hormone receptors in Leydig and Sertoli cells only. The summer season characterize by diffuse of receptors in Leydig cells only. In conclusion there was a significant effect of season on testis of dog in Iraq, the summer season was the lowest in reproductive activity while the spring and autumn season was the highest of reproductive activity of dog in Iraq.
Role of Sex Chromatin on performance in the Arabi sheep
Authors: Raoof Salim Omar
Published: July 2020

This study was conducted on 122 Arabi sheep belonged to private flock in Erbil plain Kurdistan region- Iraq, from July/ 2014 to August/ 2015 for studying the role of sex chromatin on daily milk production, total milk production, lactation period, fertility rate, prolificacy, birth weight and fertilizes estrous sequences. The repeatability for the studied traits were estimated. The ratio of sex chromatin shapes drum stick, sessile nodule, tear drop and small club were 23.37%, 60.22%, 8.54% and 7.87% respectively.The overall means of daily milk production, total milk production, lactation period, birth weight, fertilize estrous sequences, fertility rate, and Prolificacy were 814.65 g 81.49 kg 103.53 day, 78.10%, 1.60, 3.84 kg and 1.50 respectively. Sex chromatin shapes had significant (P<0.05) effect on all traits studied. The results revealed that the estimation of the Repeatability coefficient for daily milk production was 0.42. It was concluded from this study that production traits (milk production and birth weight) and reproduction (fertility rate, prolificacy and fertilize estrous sequences) performance of Arabi sheep were significantly affected by the shapes and percentage of sex chromatin distribution and measurements. The sex chromatin shapes could be used as a tool for early selection of the elite individuals.
Study the effect of adding Cuminum cyminum seeds in the diet on semen characteristics and hormones level in serum of local bucks
Authors: Zalzala Sadeq jaafer
Published: July 2020

This study was conducted on sixteen local Iraqi bucks aged 3 to 4 in College of Veterinary Medicine/ University of Baghdad from January to May, 2016. They were divided randomly into two equal groups; 1st group (G1) was treated by oral administration of 15 gm/daily cumin seeds for 3 weeks, while the 2nd group (G2) represented control group. The 1st group showed a significant (P≤0.05) increased in semen volume (2.08±0.36 ml), furthermore number of sperm was increased significantly also according to assessment of semen color (4.23±0.26). Mass and individual motility showed significant higher level in the 1st group (86.00±1.97, 87.00±1.62%, respectively), than in the control group. Significant increased in cortisol and testosterone level recorded in the 1st group as compared with the 2nd group. In conclusion, cumin seeds enhanced improvement of semen bucks quality.
Histological changes in the liver, kidney and spleen of White Albino Rat after Aluminum Chloride administration
Authors: Mohammed Hadaf H.
Published: July 2020

The study was carried out to evaluate histological changes induced by Aluminum chloride in Wistar rats. Forty rats were uniformly divided into two different groups: The control group were given distilled water during period of experiment and the first group were given oral daily dose of Aluminium chloride (37 mg\kg B.W). After 60 days of treatment rats were sacrificed. Liver, kidney and spleen were processed and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin the lesions of these organs were characterized by degeneration, necrosis, and congestion which meant that Aluminum chloride was nephrotoxic as well as hepatotoxic in nature. Microscopic examination results showed that Aluminum chloride exposure was harmful to the histological structure of liver, kidney and spleen.
Parasitic contamination of drinking water and its prevalence among handlers and sheep
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Mohammed Th. S.
Published: July 2020

The current study was designed to determine the infection rate of intestinal protozoa in sheep and their handlers, and in their drinking water, in Wasit province, so as to study the relationship between contamination of drinking water with protozoal pathogen and infection in sheep and handlers in the period from the beginning of September 2015 to the end of February 2016. Two hundred eighty fecal samples were collected: (180) samples from sheep and 100 samples from human (50 handlers and 50 from non handlers), 50 drinking water samples were collected (18 samples; human tap water and RO bottled water and 32 samples river water). All samples were examined by conventional methods (direct moist smears, flotation with saturated sugar solution and  stained with Modified acid fast, Giemsa  and lugol's iodine ) The total infection rate in sheep, handlers and drinking water samples were 83.33%, 72%, 84.37% and 33.33% respectively. The result showed that drinking water samples of sheep and handlers were contaminated with protozoal oocysts or cysts of Cryptosporidium spp. (65.62%) (27.77 %), Giardia lamblia (6.25%) (0), Entamoeba spp (68.75%) (0), Eimeria spp (25%) (5.55%) and Buxtonella sulcata (40.62%)(0).
Comparative study for three protocols of general anesthesia in bucks
Authors: Omar Raffal A. , Eesa M. J.
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate three regimens in induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in local breed bucks and the investigation of the best protocol of them based on different parameters. Eighteen healthy adult bucks weighing (27.50 ± 0.682 kg), aged (1.989 ± 0.135 years) were used. Animals were divided randomly into three equal groups to undergo pre-experiment preparation. All groups were premedicated intravenously with (0.5 mg/ kg) Diazepam, ten min. Later, the induction for first group was done by Propofol (3 mg/kg B.W), second group was done by Ketamine Hcl (2 mg/kg B.W), while in the third group was done by Thiopental sodium (3mg/kg B.W). After intubation with suitable endotracheal tube, maintenance of the three groups was done by (1.3-1.5%) isoflurane and nitrous oxide with oxygen at ratio 2:1. All the three groups underwent the measurement of the following parameters; (Induction, recovery and duration times) Clinical parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate and body temperature); Clinical signs, analgesia, muscle relaxation; Liver enzyme (Aspartate Amino Transferase and Alanine Amino Transferase). The complete randomized design within statistical analysis system (SAS) program were used for statistical analysis as relevant with a significance level set at P<0.05. The results of this study showed that the induction of the anesthesia was smooth and uneventful in all the three groups and recovery time was shorter in 3rd group in comparison with 2nd and 1st groups. The three regimens showed no significant differences in heart rate. The 2nd group recorded a sharp decrease in respiratory rate and body temperature in comparison with 1st and 3rd groups. Analgesia was very suitable in all the three groups. There were significant changes among groups concerning Alanine Amino Transferase and, Aspartate Amino Transferase. It was concluded that all the three protocols were safe and caused no hazard effect on the animals.
Study of the inhibitory effects of some medicinal plants extracts on growth of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from human, cow and sheep in Al-Qadisiyah governorate
Authors: Al-Nasrawi Huda Abdal-Hadei Ali
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to evaluate-the inhibitory effects of ethanolic and-chloroformic-extracts of local medicinal plants as Oak (Quercus-acuta), Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and Cinnamon (Cinnamomum-zeylanicum) prepared in different concentrations (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/ml) against the growth of Listeria-monocytogenes isolated from infected humans and animals and comparing their activity with effectiveness of the standard antibiotics. The results showed detection of Listeria-monocytogenes in 3 of (50) blood samples collected from aborted woman making 6% samples, while the detection rates of Listeria-monocytogenes in milk samples collected from sheep and cattle were 4% (4/100) and 9.16% (11/120) respectively. The ethanolic and-chloroformic extracts-of Thyme as well as, chloroformic extracts of Oak and Cinnamon  at concentrations (50 and 100 mg/ml) showed significant antibacterial activity against the growth of Listeria-monocytogenes isolates from humans, while the ethanolic extracts  of Oak and Cinnamon did not show any antibacterial activity against the growth of same bacterial isolates. The ethanolic and chloroformic extracts of Thyme, as well as chloroformic extracts of Cinnamon at concentrations (50 and 100 mg/ml) showed antibacterial activity against growth of Listeria monocytogenes isolates of cattle, while ethanolic and chloroformic extracts of Oak and ethanolic- extracts of Cinnamon did not show any activity against growth of the same isolates. The results showed that all extracts have antibacterial activity against growth of-Listeria monocytogenes isolates-of sheep, except ethanolic extracts of Cinnamon at all tested concentration; as well, the chloroformic extracts of Thyme at concentrations (5o and 100 mg/ml) didn’t show any inhibitory activity for the growing of the same Listeria. monocytogenes isolates. Most of the results showed high antibacterial activity against growth of all Listeria .monocytogenes isolates from human and animals compared with negative control and this depends on their inhibition zones. In this study, we used six standard antibiotics as a positive control for Listeria monocytogenes, where rifampin. (5mcg),-chloramphenicol.(10mcg), streptomycin (25 mcg) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-(20/10mcg) were effective in inhibition the growth of all L. monocytogenes isolates from human and animals, while cefotaxime. (10 mcg) and novobiocin. (30 mcg) showed no inhibitory effects against growth of all L. monocytogenes isolates.
Effects of running speeds on some markers of muscular tissues and synovial fluid of Iraqi Arabian Horses
Authors: Towfik Amir I.
Published: July 2020

Arabian horses are regarded as the most famous breed for speed for long distances due to their genetic superiority. The aims of the study were to focus on the effect of different running speeds on the muscular tissues (Myoglobin, creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase), lactate dehydrogenase and synovial fluid (creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase). Non-trained eight local Iraqi Arabian horses were run on soil track for a distance (1) Km, walking, trot, canter, and gallop. Blood and synovial fluid samples were collected before and after running. The biochemical parameters of serum showed gradual increase according to each type of speed. All of them were significant at P≤0.01. The biochemical parameters of the synovial fluid also showed gradual increase according to each type of speed. Creatine kinase was significant at P≤0.05 in walking and trot but significant at P≤0.01 in canter and non-significant in gallop. While aspartate transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase were significant at P≤0.01 at all speeds.
Histopathological evaluation of the platelets rich fibrin and bone marrow on healing of experimental induced distal radial fracture in local dogs
Authors: G. Thanoon M.
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of platelets rich fibrin and bone marrow on healing of distal radial fracture in local dogs. Twenty four adult animals (males and non-pregnant females of local breed dogs); had mean age 2.6 ±0.15 years and body weight 24.58 ±1.07 kgs were used. The experimental animals were randomly divided into three equal groups. First group (Control group), transverse fracture was induced at the distal portion of radial bone and immobilized by using Plaster of Paris, the fracture line didn't treated with any substance. Second group (Platelets Rich Fibrin group), in which the fracture line was surrounded by the platelets rich fibrin. Third group (Bone Marrow group) in which the fracture line was surrounded by autologous bone marrow. The histopathological results confirmed that the third group was the best one in its response for fractured bone healing in both periods sixth and tenth week, while the second group was came in the second rank, whereas the first group was the slowest response for fractured bone healing, represented by trabecular bone formation. The concentration rates of calcium and alkaline phosphatase enzyme increased at the weeks that follow surgical operation. In conclusion, the using of bone marrow and platelets rich fibrin are enhance the healing of distal radial fracture.
Effect of Acellular Bovine Pericardium and Urinary Bladder Submucosa Matrixes in Reconstruction of Ventro-Lateral Hernias in Bucks; Molecular Evaluation
Authors: Al-ebadi Areeg K. M.
Published: July 2020

The present study aimed to estimate the efficiency of both a cellular bovine pericardium and bovine urinary bladder matrix sheets in the reconstruction of large ventro-lateral hernias in Iraqi bucks by using of molecular evaluation depending on real time-polymerase chain reaction technique to investigate the level of basic-fibroblast growth factor  and vascular endothelial growth factor  genes during the healing process and reconstruction of the abdominal defects. Under sedation and local anesthesia, (6cm X 8cm size) of ventro-lateral hernias were induced in 24 of Iraqi bucks. The animals were divided randomly into two main equal groups. In bovine pericardium-treatment group, the hernias were treated with onlay implantation of bovine pericardium. While, the hernias in UBM-treatment group were treated with onlay implantation of urinary bladder matrix, 30 days post-inducing of hernias. The molecular evaluation along the period of following-up recorded a significant up-regulation of the level of basic-fibroblast growth factor gene specific for presence of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and collagen deposition in urinary bladder matrix -treatment group in comparison to bovine pericardium -treatment group with significant difference even at the end of the study. While, a significant up regulation of the levels of angiogenesis classic gene vascular endothelial growth factor  were recorded in the bucks of bovine pericardium -treatment group compared to urinary bladder matrix -treatment group. In conclusion; molecular detection of the level of growth factors in target tissue can be used as an important criterion.
Effect Scoring Method on Oocyte Maturation, Fertilization and Development Embryo Production from Local Buffalo Oocyte.
Authors: Habeeb Ihsan A. , Al- Sariy Saad M.
Published: July 2020

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of harvesting methods (Scoring and Aspiration) on maturation oocytes, in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo development. This study was conducted at the laboratories of Theriogenology Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Medicine Basrah University, during the period extended from December 2018 to the end of March 2019. Samples from female and male reproductive system testis (50 Ovaries and 10 testes) were collected from (Al-Basrah abattoir house) after slaughter at fifteen minutes. All samples were transported in sterilize and clean boxes at (37ºC) within 1-2hrs to the center research unit. Oocytes were collected by Scoring and Aspiration methods.  Only grad A and B quality oocytes were selected and incubated in an appropriate maturation medium (TCM-199) at 5% CO2, 38.5 °C and 95% humidity for 24-28 hrs. Spermatozoa were obtained by slicing of caudal epididymal of buffalo's bull. Sperms with matured oocytes were incubated in an appropriate maturation medium at 5% CO2, 38.5°C and 95%  humidity from 16 -20 hrs. Fertilized ova was re-incubated in fresh media with changes 50% of media every day and examined every 24hrs for (3) days to follow embryonic development .The results showed: high significant (P<0.05) difference in the mean of collected oocytes in Scoring method than Aspiration method. There was high significant (P<0.05) difference in the percentage of grade A collection oocytes in aspiration method than scoring method. On the other hand  the percentage of grade B and C oocytes in Scoring method was high significant (P<0.05) difference than Aspiration method. The percentages of Oocytes maturation in aspiration method was high significant (P<0.05) than scoring method, while the rate of oocyte fertilization was non- significant between two methods. Besides, the percentages of embryos development  ( 2, 4 and 8) cells   in aspiration  method was significant than Scoring method.
Evaluation of in Vitro Fertilization Index by Caudal Spermatozoa Capacitation with Different Heparin Concentration in Iraqi Sheep
Authors: Saleh Wafir Mahdi
Published: July 2020

Sperm capacitation refers to the physiological changes in which spermatozoa must undergo in order to have its ability to penetrate and fertilize a mature oocyte. Recognition of the phenomenon was quite important to early in vitro fertilization (IVF) experiments as well as to the fields of embryology and reproductive biology. This initial study is designed to study the process of capacitation of ram sperm with three heparin levels (50,100,150 IU). 140 pairs of abattoir testicular samples (70 pairs each season), with 70 ewe genitalia specimens (35 each season). Spermatozoa sample were capacitated with heparin in CO2 incubator for 45 minutes, and evaluated by its total motility and its ability to penetrate oocytes zona pellucida for fertilization. Different heparin level for spermatozoa capacitation in relation to seasonal influences revealed that; in regarding to capacitation index there was an increased spermatozoa activity and motility significantly for the three levels within season, but capacitation index showed significant variations between the three heparin levels out of breeding season in which the highest heparin level gave the best capacitation index than the other two. Results of oocytes collection in relation to seasonal influences revealed to; total oocytes number was 2035 oocytes on both season in which 1039 oocytes were obtained within season while a number of 1006 oocytes was collected out of season. Oocytes maturity index within season time is about 40% for the oocytes grade V.good and good grade, fair and poor grade is 25%.Oocytes collected out of breeding time showed range between 25% for the v. good and good grade to 10% for the other. Fertilizable index for embryos development after capacitated spermatozoa adding to the medium containing matured oocytes is range from 35% for the v. good and good graded oocytes within a season to 10% out of season. In conclusion; heparin can induced spermatozoa capacitation in any levels through the breeding season while the high level of heparin gave better results, fertilizable index and embryo production are both gave best result via breeding season.
Seroprevalence Study of Brucellosis in Rams of Sulaimani region
Authors: Mannt Ali Talib Ghaidan
Published: July 2020

The aim of our study is to detect the incidence of Brucella infection in rams in Sulaimani region by using Rose Bengal, 2 Mercaptoethanol and indirect ELISA tests. The following research was conducted on 253 rams in different fields of sheep they were distributed in eight districts, represented by Pebaz (12 ram), Chamchmal (53 ram), Barika (32 ram), Damrkan (27 ram), Qalghanlw (41 ram), Darbasara (26 ram) , Dawye (38 ram) and Bazian (24 ram). Blood samples were collected from jugular vein. All blood samples were proceeds for sera preparation in veterinary teaching hospital / college of veterinary medicine / university of Sulaimani. Out of 253 rams 61 (24.11%) and 192(75.89%) were positive and negative for brucellosis respectively during Rose Bengal test. All rams showed the infection by brucellosis throughout the titer of antibodies. The serological test by 2 mercaptoethanol used for distinguishes the acute and chronic infection by assessment the titer of IgG and IgM antibodies. A percentage of 51(83.61%) and 10(16.39) for acute and chronic infection of brucella respectively were recorded. The results by iELISA manifested rams in all field 42(68.8%) were positive while 19(13.15%) were negative. The research showed 18(29.50%) of rams were manifestation the clinical signs represented by epididymitis, hyperthermia and orchitis. Static analysis revealed there is no significant (P-value<0.05) differences between iELISA and 2ME test. Our conclusion from this study confirmed that this disease of brucella is endemic in province of Sulaimani; in addition the disease is spread in the flock of sheep via sexual contact during mating. Control of the diseases must be implement a global program represented by vaccination as well as transfer of animals and eliminate the infected ram from the herds.
Incidence of Canine Digestive System Tumours in Baghdad Province
Authors: Alabbody Huda Hameed Kadhim , Lafta Inam Jasim
Published: July 2020

Tumours in pets occur naturally are as common in dogs as they are in humans. Tumours of the alimentary system have been reported in animals, although less frequently. Food patterns and specific diet components could have a big role in such tumour occurrence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the clinical signs and inspect the neoplasm lesions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract grossly and histopathologically in dogs in Baghdad, Iraq, and to see whether pet diets had any tumourigenic effect. Throughout two years sixteen dogswere referred to Teaching Animal Hospital and private clinics at Baghdad city had masses in (GI) tract. Males and the large sizes breeds were more likely to be affected with GI tumours. Half of the cases aged 5-10 years and belonged to German Shepherd, while the other half involved the other breeds (i.e. Belgian Malinois, Labrador, Pointer GSP and Terrier) equally. Biopsies were taken from the tumour tissues for histological examination. Clinically, the animals presented general signs of digestive system abnormalities like difficulty defecating, bloody stool, lethargy and weight loss. Grossly, the tumours varied in their sizes from <3 cm to >5 cm in diameter, and the most frequent site of occurrence (10 out of 16 cases) was in the large intestine. Histologically, the most tumours reported were malignant, and included adenocarcinomas (6/16) followed by leiomyosarcoma (4/16), and 2/16 belonged to carcinoid tumour. However, lipoma and viral papilloma (4/16)   were also registered as the benign tumours. Inconclusion,tumours of canine digestive system do exist but rare. The healthy nutrition of dog may be prevent this type of tumour when dog consume  enough amount of raw meat, little of artificial food like kibble with small of some vegetables and fruits. Additionally, the information gained from dogs could be used to suspect and test the effect on humans as they have strong pathophysiology similarities
Effect of Vitamin E as α-Tocopherol Acetate on Mercuric Chloride-Induced Chronic Oxidoreductive Stress and Nephrotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Muhammad Assumaidaee Ajwad Awad , Ali Nathera M. , Fadhil Ammar A.
Published: July 2020

Impact of vitamin E against mercuric chloride (HgCL2) induced renal toxicity in Wister albino rats was studied. Feeding of the rats with diet and water contaminated with a non lethal dose of the mercuric chloride (20 parts per million) every other day for 42 days resulted in significant increase of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), which is an important biomarker of the oxidoreductive stress, and significant decline in each of the reduced glutathione (r-GSH) concentration, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes activities, which constitute a vital part of the endogenous protective antioxidant system, as compared to the control group. The study found that the simultaneous oral co administration of vitamin E (as α-tocopherol acetate) 100 mg/kg B.W. every other day for 42 days along with mercuric chloride produced a cardinal protective effects against the development of the mercuric chloride induced nephrotoxicity. This can be through reversing the elevated oxidative stress; induced by the administration of the HgCL2. In conclusion serum biochemical and kidney histopathological findings of the current study highlight the beneficial effects of vitamin E in rats with HgCl2-mediated renal toxicity.
IoT and Machine Learning for Identifying Correlation between Factors Causing Climate Change
Authors: Sharma Gajendra , Bade Birat
Published: July 2020

The global climate is changing due to anthropogenic activities such as industrialization, infrastructure development, deforestation etc. Expected effects of climate change include increase in global temperatures, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, melting of glaciers, less snowfall, expansion of deserts etc. Most ecosystems are affected by manmade climate change and Mount Everest is no exception. This paper delves into the effects of global warming on Mount Everest and how Internet of Things (IOT) can be used to correctly monitor these effects. The IOT system will take three parameters temperature, carbon parts per million in the atmosphere and snowfall. This research paper also proposes a IOT framework to measure the net snowfall. The data gathered by the IOT system will be used to create a model will be created to monitor the effect of temperature and carbon parts per million on snow fall.