bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A análise de conteúdo como metodologia nos periódicos Qualis-CAPES A1 no Ensino de Ciências
Authors: Lima Fernanda Oliveira , Alonço Mayra , Ritter Olga Maria Schimidt
Published: March 2021

A metodologia de uma pesquisa explicita o caminho percorrido em um estudo. Neste sentido, pesquisamos as metodologias de análise empregadas em 677 artigos, de duas revistas Qualis-CAPES A1, visando identificar a uso da Análise de Conteúdo. As revistas investigadas foram “Ensaio: Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências” e “Ciência e Educação”, sendo que 145 artigos apresentaram o descritor “análise de conteúdo”. Destes artigos, analisamos a menção do descritor pela primeira vez no texto (título, resumo ou palavras-chave). Assim, empregando a análise de conteúdo, chegamos a duas categorias: “o mapeamento da Análise de Conteúdo em pesquisas no ensino de Ciências” e a categoria emergente “o rigor do referencial teórico no percurso metodológico da pesquisa”. Neste sentido, observamos que, a análise de conteúdo foi mencionada pela primeira vez no desenvolvimento do trabalho em 61,4% dos artigos. E como uma referência desta metodologia de análise, a Laurence Bardin foi citada em 76,1% dos artigos analisados.
A importância da monitoria remota na formação acadêmica do estudante de Enfermagem
Authors: Silva Franciare Vieira , Cordeiro João Paulo do Nascimento , Silva Lissa Lavínia de Oliveira , Pereira Anny Stphane Temoteo , Duarte Giovanna Canuto , Silva Emmaely Alves da , Silva Lísia Marília Tenório da , Lima Emanuelly Kesley de Freitas , Anjos Carla Souza dos , Araújo Eliane Duarte , Ferreira Júlia Pereira de Moura , Santos Andressa Almeida dos , Cavalcante Maria Victória Guimarães Ramos Valeriano , Lemos Thaís da Silva Alves de , Santos Marcela Farias dos , Lima Mayra Bianca Lopes , Santos Laura Beatriz Lima dos , Bomfim Rafaella dos Anjos , Silva Núbia Ivo da , Lima Daniele Cristina de Oliveira
Published: March 2021

A monitoria é uma das atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão mais importantes das instituições de nível superior, havendo também a monitoria remota, que conjectura o mesmo objetivo e diretrizes da monitoria presencial. Nesse sentido, o artigo tem como objetivo descrever a experiência vivenciada por acadêmicas do curso de graduação em enfermagem da Faculdade CESMAC do Sertão. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, cuja narrativa se baseia em uma observação sistemática da realidade. Foi elaborado um relato de experiência, com o intuito de demonstrar ferramentas inovadoras para o ensino-aprendizagem, descrevendo as Tecnologias de Comunicação e Informação utilizadas. Nessa perspectiva, diante do cenário da COVID-19 novas medidas tiveram que ser adotadas, e, assim, a faculdade adotou o projeto de monitoria remota que foi distribuída em disciplinas de determinados períodos, possibilitando experiências, promovendo a integração entre os alunos, apoio ao desenvolvimento da disciplina e no esclarecimento de dúvidas. Desse modo, o programa de monitoria remota foi ministrado pelos discentes da faculdade sob a orientação dos respectivos professores das disciplinas. A partir deste estudo, nota-se a importância da monitoria remota para os alunos, de forma que essa modalidade de ensino-aprendizagem contribuiu na formação de estudantes, beneficiando tanto aquele na função de monitor como aquele que se encontra enquanto ouvinte/parceiro de aprendizado, compartilhando conhecimentos, agregando a si uma nova forma de enxergar assuntos e práticas, e, portanto, sendo fundamental em momentos futuros, nos quais o discente fará de si um melhor profissional.
Cervejas: relação entre estilos; compostos fenólicos e capacidade antioxidante
Authors: Silva Roberta Nogueira Pereira da , Dias Juliana Furtado , Koblitz Maria Gabriela Bello
Published: March 2021

Na composição química da cerveja são encontrados compostos fenólicos que contribuem para suas características sensoriais e possuem capacidade antioxidante, auxiliando a manutenção da estabilidade oxidativa. A compilação de 35 estudos, publicados entre 2006 e 2020, teve o objetivo de levantar informações a respeito dos compostos fenólicos e da atividade antioxidante de cervejas e relacionar os resultados obtidos com os tipos de cervejas analisadas. Os resultados mostraram que, tanto o teor quanto o perfil de compostos fenólicos e a atividade antioxidante da cerveja, sofrem influência dos ingredientes utilizados e do processo de fabricação. As cervejas do tipo Ale, de coloração escura, com maior amargor e teor alcóolico, apresentaram valores mais elevados de compostos fenólicos e atividade antioxidante que outros tipos e estilos. As análises para as cervejas especiais mostraram que a adição de alimentos diversificados contribuiu para melhorar a composição em bioativos da bebida. Mais de 50 compostos fenólicos já foram identificados em cervejas, derivados dos ingredientes utilizados para a fabricação. Entre os compostos fenólicos mais frequentes estão os ácidos fenólicos, como os ácidos ferúlico e caféico e catequinas. Estudos observaram estreita correlação entre o teor de compostos fenólicos totais e a capacidade antioxidante. E a presença de alguns compostos específicos pode aumentar esta atividade. No entanto, durante o armazenamento da cerveja, pode ocorrer redução da atividade antioxidante devido a mudanças nas estruturas das moléculas com essa capacidade. Estes estudos contribuem para o aprimoramento e desenvolvimento de bebidas com maior teor de compostos fenólicos, auxiliando sua estabilidade oxidativa e vida útil.
Análise bibliométrica das publicações dos últimos 16 anos sobre o uso da Realidade Virtual como ferramenta de ensino na área da saúde
Authors: Almeida Valéria Duarte de , Furtado Dennis Costa , Ribeiro Louise Helena de Freitas , Morais Nickson Melo de , Nascimento Ellany Gurgel Cosme do , Fernandes José Veríssimo , Bezerra Christiane Medeiros , Andrade Micássio Fernandes de , Fernandes Thales Allyrio Araújo de Medeiros
Published: March 2021

A Realidade Virtual é umas das tecnologias mais inovadoras da atualidade, e pode ser aplicada na educação em diversas áreas do conhecimento, incluindo a formação de profissionais da saúde. Na educação em saúde, esta aplicação é foco de diversas pesquisas, por isso a necessidade de um estudo bibliométrico sobre o tema a fim de identificar os pontos de interesse neste tópico. O objetivo desse estudo é apresentar resultados de uma análise bibliométrica sobre uso da realidade virtual na docência em saúde e relatar as características destes estudos. Os artigos foram buscados na Web Of Science, e foram incluídos aqueles publicados entre 2004 e 2020 sobre o tema. Para a análise dos dados foram usados os softwares Histcite© e VOSviewer. No total, 1705 artigos foram identificados. A análise das características das publicações e das redes de co-citação e co-ocorrência de palavras mostrou que o principal uso dessa tecnologia no ensino da área da saúde vem sendo o treinamento de estudantes de cirurgia, e resultados positivos no aumento da performance dos alunos já foram identificados por vários estudos. Também foi possível identificar que em 2020, houve um aumento significativo no número de publicações sobre esse tema, possivelmente devido à pandemia do vírus SARS-CoV-2 e a consequente necessidade da implementação de novas abordagens metodológicas no ensino em saúde. Assim, a realidade virtual pode ser considerada uma ferramenta importante na formação e treinamento de novos profissionais da saúde, auxiliando na aquisição de conhecimento e habilidades em diversas áreas desse campo, principalmente na área cirúrgica.
Construção e validação de tecnologia educativa para o cuidado domiciliar
Authors: Corrêa Anderson Araújo , Marrero Lihsieh , Porto Gizelia Araújo Cunha , Silva Dheymi Wilma Ramos , Silva Ana Carolina Rodrigues da , Pimenta Isiyara Taverna , Chaves Jairina Nunes , Sousa Otoniel Damasceno , Alves Nathallya Castro Monteiro , Brito Rayana Gonçalves de , Pinheiro Francisca Natália Alves
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: construir e validar um e-book sobre cuidados a pacientes em ambiente domiciliar. Metodologia: estudo do tipo metodológico de validação de conteúdo com juízes especialistas, realizada no período de agosto de 2020 a janeiro de 2021, no munícipio de Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. Aplicou-se um questionário que utiliza a escala do tipo Likert. O instrumento avalia 5 blocos: impressão geral, objetivo, conteúdo, relevância e linguagem. A validação ocorreu via Google Forms. Participaram dez juízes especialistas. A análise quantitativa foi realizada no software Excel para calcular Índice de Validade de Conteúdo. Estipulou-se o valor de 80% como aceitável para validação. Resultados: o estudo obteve como resultado final a construção e validação do e-book “Manual para o cuidado domiciliar”. O produto foi considerado satisfatório, apresentando Índice de Validade de Conteúdo global entre os juízes de 0,94 (94%). Os juízes sugeriram melhorias em relação a termos técnicos, sendo considerados e modificados para a versão final, que será disponibilizado para inclusão no Programa Melhor em Casa de Manaus. Conclusão: o e-book foi validado quanto ao conteúdo, visual e relevância pelos juízes, obtendo índices satisfatórios acima do valor estipulado. Portanto, constitui-se em uma tecnologia educativa que pode ser utilizada pelos cuidadores e pacientes inseridos no contexto do programa Melhor em Casa, para promoção de cuidados mais eficazes.
A (in)efetividade dos direitos sociais e o controle jurisdicional das políticas públicas
Authors: Silva Thyago Ferreira , Alves Siloah Jesseni Gomes , Alves Antonio Sousa , Figueiredo Lilian Rolim
Published: March 2021

Neste artigo, refletimos sobre a (in)efetividade dos direitos sociais e do controle judicial das políticas públicas de direitos sociais, analisando as suas possibilidades e limites de acordo com as disposições constitucionais. Utilizamos uma metodologia qualitativa, a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica. Do conjunto das análises realizadas, evidenciamos que os direitos sociais, enquanto direitos fundamentais previstos na CF de 1988, não se materializam, com a eficácia e eficiência, com que o Estado democrático de direito deveria resguardar.
Revisitando a Pesca Artesanal na Embrapa. Um “Oceano azul” de oportunidades ou um “oceano vermelho” de ameaças?
Authors: Prysthon Adriano
Published: March 2021

Objetivou-se com esta revisão, descrever as principais características, os principais gargalos, sinais e tendências que o setor da pesca artesanal apresenta nos diferentes ambientes onde ocorre no Brasil, seja marinho ou continental. Apontam-se também as possíveis direções estratégicas da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária-Embrapa, no sentido de contribuir para dar mais visibilidade à esta cadeia produtiva e integrar pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação. Estratégias inovadoras como o enfoque ecossistêmico, mesmo ainda tímidas no Brasil, surgem como possibilidade de navegar em “Oceanos azuis” em que, a busca de mercados não explorados se traduz em fomentar estratégias para conciliar capturas sustentáveis, conservação, respeito à dinâmica socioeconômica e o fortalecimento da Governança através da participação dos pescadores nas tomadas de decisão. É traçado ainda um panorama mundial e brasileiro do setor, assim como a participação da Embrapa neste contexto. Por fim, destacam-se alguns caminhos possíveis de atuação da Embrapa na cadeia produtiva da pesca artesanal como por exemplo a atuação em ambientes marinhos, agregação de expertises internas na Empresa, utilização de modelos HUB de atuação e o fomento de pesquisas com Enfoque ecossistêmico. Independente do caminho a ser seguido, é necessária uma mudança de mentalidade na tratativa com este público-alvo, utilizando abordagens participativas e trabalho em redes colaborativas com parceiros estratégicos. Para navegar no tão almejado “Oceano azul”, e deixar para trás o “Oceano vermelho” de incertezas, a visão de futuro necessária para o avanço na fronteira do conhecimento poderá colocar o Brasil em patamares exemplares de gestão pesqueira.
Avaliação qualitativa e quantitativa dos impactos ambientais na zona urbana do igarapé Altamira, Altamira, Pará, Brasil
Authors: Xavier Diego Morais , Pereira Junior Antonio
Published: March 2021

O igarapé Altamira, um dos três componentes da sub-bacia do Rio Xingu, no oeste do Pará, foi alvo de intensa degradação devido à ocupação irregular em ambas as margens da zona urbana desse munícipio. A Norte Energia S/A, realocou a população e iniciou a recuperação ambiental desse corpo hídrico, com o intuito de transformar o local em uma Unidade de Conservação após o término da recuperação. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar qualitativamente e quantitativamente, os impactos no ambiente e comunidades, antes e após a intervenção da empresa responsável pela UHE Belo Monte, as alterações positivas e negativas dessas transformações e comparar os dois cenários. O método empregado foi o observativo, sistemático, direto, in situ, construção de memorial fotográfico, e a confecção de duas Matrizes de Leopold adaptadas, para identificação e avaliação delas. Osa dados obtidos e analisados indicaram que: (1) a recuperação ambiental se caracterizou como positiva; (2) ainda ocorrem impactos negativos no local, os quais foram atenuados. Conclui-se que, a situação inicial foi mitigada, mas os impactos negativos ainda ocorrentes devem ser sanados com o término da obra e alcançar e meta estabelecida pela empresa em tela.
Características e especificidades da Metodologia de Análise de Redes Sociais
Authors: Silva Tarciso Feijó da , Ramos Tatiana Cabral da Silva , David Helena Maria Scherlowski Leal , Vieira Ana Carolina Tavares
Published: March 2021

Introdução: A relação entre sujeitos, grupos e instituições tem sido objeto de pesquisas em distintas áreas do conhecimento. No campo das Ciências Sociais e da Saúde ela tem contribuído para compreender a estrutura social, a posição dos agentes, relações de afinidade, grau de conectividade, os recursos em circulação e os diferentes capitais em jogo. Na literatura a proposta metodológica da Análise de Redes Sociais desponta como constructo teórico que tem norteado diferentes  pesquisas. Objetivo: Apresentar os aspectos teóricos da metodologia de Análise de Redes Sociais, suas características, aplicabilidade e especificidades. Metodologia: Revisão narrativa da literatura desenvolvida entre os meses de fevereiro de 2019 e dezembro de 2020 em publicações científicas como livros, teses, dissertações e artigos, cuja discussão teve por objeto de estudo a metotologia de análide  redes sociais. Resultados: Emergiram através da análise dos estudos e foram apresentados a  historicidade, os conceitos, as propriedades, a utilização e os principais teóricos relacionados à metodologia de Análise de Redes Sociais. A metodologia permite dupla abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa contribuindo para a observação e apreciação do fluxo de  informações entre os indivíduos e visualização gráfica dos sujeitos inseridos em determinado campo. Foi possível apreender a relevância do método para análise da estrutura social e como as relações influem na sua organização e funcionamento. Conclusão: Observou-se que a teoria  tem sido potente para pesquisas na área da saúde, seja pela organização do sistema em redes, seja pelo trabalho multiprofissional e interdisciplinar das ações deste campo, contribuindo sobremaneira para reflexão sobre a prática e debates envolvendo políticas, normativas e processo de trabalho.
Impacto da limpeza e higiene hospitalar no espaço de gestão do enfermeiro: revisão de literatura
Authors: Castro Karen Silva de , Ferreira Michele Pinheiro , Medeiros Lauany Silva de , Moreira Nayara Fernanda Alves , Reis Daniele Lima dos Anjos , Sousa Junior Jose Ronaldo Teixeira de , Caldato Milena Coelho Fernandes , Magno Ismaelino Mauro Nunes , Pereira Genislaine Ferreira , Borges Renata Campos de Sousa
Published: March 2021

Realizar uma revisão de literatura para a análise dos desafios enfrentados pelos profissionais da enfermagem para a efetivação da higienização hospitalar, abordando uma percepção multifacetada da trajetória relacionada à problemática. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória do tipo revisão de literatura, sendo um método imprescindível na elaboração de um trabalho científico. Foi dividido em 6 etapas, com a criação da temática e questão norteadora, definição dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, identificação dos estudos nas bases científicas, avaliação dos estudos selecionados e análise crítica, análise e categorização dos estudos e avaliação e interpretação dos resultados. O total de estudos incluídos foi de 26 artigos, estimando o maior percentual contabilizado de produções sobre o tema com 30,77% no ano de 2016, acompanhado de 26,92% no ano de 2017, seguido de 15,38%, 11,54% e 19,23% encontrados simultaneamente nos anos de 2018, 2019 e 2020. Os artigos analisados convergem no sentido de que a equipe de enfermagem é essencial para o sucesso da manutenção da higiene nos setores hospitalares, sendo tal ato fundamental para a manutenção ou/e diminuição de danos à saúde do paciente. Percebemos, assim, a importância do conhecimento histórico para compreensão do cenário atual do país, pois, a partir das ideologias ambientais e sanitárias defendidas por ativistas do século XIX.
Weekly Bone Loading Exercise Effects on a Healthy Subjects Strength, Bone Density, and Bone Biomarkers
Authors: Tsung Ann , Jupiter Daniel , Jaquish John , Sibonga Jean
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Bone density loss affects astronauts in long-duration spaceflight. The OsteoStrong Company has shown increased hip (14.95%) and lumbar (16.6%) area bone mineral density (aBMD) after 6 mo of exercises with their loading devices. The devices were tested on one subject
as a pilot study.CASE REPORT: The subject performed 15 min of osteogenic exercises weekly for 24 wk. Total and regional aBMD, BAP (bone formation biomarker), NTX (bone resorption biomarker), forces exerted on devices, and weekly maximum weights lifted were collected. The control
data was the subjects own lifting records 1.5 yr prestudy. The subject increased forces exerted on the devices in the upper extremity (97%, 197 to 390 kg; 435 to 859 lb), lower extremity (43%, 767 to 1097 kg; 1690 to 2418 lb), and spinal compression (22%, 275 to 336 kg; 607 to 740 lb). The
monthly strength gain rate increased for snatch (2.3 vs. 0.71 kg; 5 vs. 1.56 lb), clean and jerk (2.5 vs. 0.4 kg; 5.5 vs. 0.88 lb), back squat (3.74 vs. 0 kg; 8.25 vs. 0 lb), front squat (2.15 vs. 0.2 kg; 4.75 vs. 0.47 lb), and deadlift (3.97 vs. 1.09 kg; 8.75 vs. 2.4 lb). The BAP increased
by 39% (10.4 to 14.5 4 ug L1) and NTX decreased by 41% (13.4 to 7 nmol L1 BME). aBMD increased in the head (6%), arms (4.3%), trunk (6.3%), ribs (3.8%), and pelvis (11%). There were no differences in body weight, legs, spine, and whole-body aBMD on the full-body dual-energy
X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). There were no differences in lumbar, hip, and femoral neck aBMD on the regional DXA.DISCUSSION: The osteogenic loading apparatus used for 15 min weekly increased strength for the one individual in this preliminary study. Future studies on astronauts and
other healthy populations are necessary.Tsung A, Jupiter D, Jaquish J, Sibonga J. Weekly bone loading exercise effects on a healthy subjects strength, bone density, and bone biomarkers. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021;92(3):201206.
Incidental Diagnosis of Swyer-James-MacLeod Syndrome in a Military Pilot
Authors: Harrison Michael F. , Cowl Clayton T.
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome (SJMS) is a specific form of bronchiolitis obliterans that occurs rarely, but represents recognized sequelae of common pediatric respiratory illness, and presents as unilateral hyperlucency on chest imaging. This case study describes such
an incidental radiographic finding identified during the assessment of chest wall discomfort in a military pilot.CASE REPORT: A 35-yr-old military pilot presented to his flight surgeon with vague intermittent chest discomfort. Initial evaluation revealed an abnormal chest radiograph
with unilateral hyperlucency and mild expiratory airflow limitation on pulmonary function testing. The evaluation also included computed tomography imaging with contrast infusion and echocardiography, though the presenting complaint had resolved. The airman was referred to our clinic for further
evaluation and aeromedical recommendations regarding returning to flight duties. He was diagnosed with SJMS and recommended to be returned to flight duties.DISCUSSION: SJMS can be challenging to recognize to the untrained eye. An inflammatory response from viral or bacterial infection
in childhood results in dysfunctional growth of the affected region of the lung, causing radiographic asymmetry. Although destruction of the alveoli and emphysema may occur, for most cases, there are minimal clinical sequelae. SJMS is not known to be progressive and is not associated with
systemic conditions. The pilot likely had the abnormal chest radiograph at the time of commission and had not experienced any in-flight complications. His chest pain had resolved without intervention and SJMS was determined to be unlikely to impact his flight performance (such as response
to supplemental oxygen) or life expectancy.Harrison MF, Cowl CT. Incidental diagnosis of Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome in a military pilot. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(4):281285.
Electrical Shock Hazard Severity Estimation During Extravehicular Activity for the International Space Station
Authors: Hamilton Douglas R.
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION: Research has shown that astronauts performing extravehicular activities may be exposed, under certain conditions, to undesired electrical hazards. This study used computer models to determine whether these undesired induced electrical currents could be responsible
for involuntary neuromuscular activity caused by either large diameter peripheral nerve activation or reflex activity from cutaneous afferent stimulation.METHODS: A multiresolution variant of the admittance method along with a magnetic resonance image millimeter resolution model
of a male human body were used to calculate the following: 1) induced electric fields; 2) resistance between contact areas in a Extravehicular Mobility Unit spacesuit; 3) currents induced in the human body; 4) the physiological effects of these electrical exposures; and 5) the risk to the
crew during extravehicular activities.RESULTS: Using typical EMU shock exposure conditions, with a 15V source, the current density magnitudes and total current injected are well above previously reported startle reaction thresholds. This indicates that, under the considered conditions
during a spacewalk in the charged ionospheric plasma of space, astronauts could experience possibly harmful involuntary motor response and sensory pain nerve activation.Hamilton DR. Electrical shock hazard severity estimation during extravehicular activity for the International Space
Station. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(4):231239.
Hyperoxic Effects on Decompression Strain During Alternating High and Moderate Altitude Exposures
Authors: Ånell Rickard , Grönkvist Mikael , Gennser Mikael , Eiken Ola
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION: In fighter aircraft, long-duration high-altitude sorties are typically interrupted by refueling excursions to lower altitude. In normoxia, excursions to moderate cabin altitude may increase the occurrence of venous gas emboli (VGE) at high cabin altitude. The aim
was to investigate the effect of hyperoxia on VGE and decompression sickness (DCS) during alternating high and moderate altitude exposure.METHODS: In an altitude chamber, 13 healthy men were exposed to three different conditions: A) 90 min at 24,000 ft (7315 m) breathing normoxic
gas (54% O2; H-NOR); B) 90 min at 24,000 ft breathing hyperoxic gas (90% O2; H-HYP); and C) three 30-min exposures to 24,000 ft interspersed by two 30-min exposures to 18,000 ft (5486 m) breathing 90% O2 (ALT-HYP). VGE occurrence was evaluated from cardiac
ultrasound imaging. DCS symptoms were rated using a scale.RESULTS: DCS occurred in all conditions and altogether in 6 of the 39 exposures. The prevalence of VGE was similar in H-NOR and H-HYP throughout the exposures. During the initial 30 min at 24,000 ft, the prevalence of VGE
was similar in ALT-HYP as in the other two conditions, whereas, after the first excursion to 18,000 ft, the VGE score was lower in ALT-HYP than in H-NOR and H-HYP.DISCUSSION: Hyperoxic excursions from 24,000 to 18,000 ft reduces VGE occurrence, presumably by facilitating diffusive
gas exchange across the bubble surfaces, increasing the share of bubble content contributed by oxygen. Still, the excursions did not abolish the DCS risk.Ånell R, Grönkvist M, Gennser M, Eiken O. Hyperoxic effects on decompression strain during alternating high and moderate altitude
exposures. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(4):223230.
Stimulant Use as a Fatigue Countermeasure in Aviation
Authors: Ehlert Alex M. , Wilson Patrick B.
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION: Fatigue is a common problem in aviation. The identification of efficacious fatigue countermeasures is crucial for sustaining flight performance during fatigue-inducing operations. Stimulants are not recommended for consistent use, but are often implemented during
flight operations with a high risk of fatigue. As such, it is important to evaluate the efficacy of approved stimulants for sustaining flight performance, alertness, and mood.METHODS: Four electronic databases (PubMed, PsycInfo, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science) were systematically searched
to identify research on the effects of caffeine, dextroamphetamine, and modafinil during simulated or in-flight operations.RESULTS: There were 12 studies identified that assessed the effects of at least 1 stimulant. Overall, dextroamphetamine and modafinil were effective for sustaining
flight performance and pilot mood during extended wakefulness. Results with caffeine were inconsistent.DISCUSSION: Dextroamphetamine and modafinil appear to sustain flight performance and mood during extended wakefulness. However, most studies have used flight simulators and short
operation durations. Additional research is needed in realistic settings and during longer duration operations. Caffeines effects were inconsistent across studies, possibly due to differences in study methodology or individual caffeine responses. Despite fatigue being a common problem in civilian
aviation as well, only one study in this review included civil aviators. More research should be conducted on the effects of caffeine during civil operations.CONCLUSION: Dextroamphetamine and modafinil appear to be effective fatigue countermeasures but should be further evaluated
in more ecologically valid settings. The effects of caffeine are unclear at this time and should continue to be evaluated.Ehlert AM, Wilson PB. Stimulant use as a fatigue countermeasure in aviation. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(3):190200.
Exercises and Skin Physiology During International Space Station Expeditions
Authors: Braun Nicole , Hunsdieck Berit , Theek Carmen , Ickstadt Katja , Heinrich Ulrike
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: The first skin physiological pilot experiment (SkinA) on a single astronaut showed a deterioration of the skin. In a follow-up experiment (SkinB) we showed that skin physiological parameters improved on average. However, it is well known that sports have positive
effects on the skin, that astronauts prefer special sports devices, and do sports with different intensity. The aim of this study was to analyze the different sports activities of SkinB astronauts and to find out whether they have an influence on the skin physiological parameters.METHODS:
The cumulative distance covered on the treadmill and on the cycle ergometer as well as the repetition of arm-related exercises have been calculated and possible correlation between sports activities and skin physiological parameters have been analyzed.RESULTS: The average distance
covered for all six astronauts per day is 1364 AU on the treadmill T2, and 11,077 AU on the cycle ergometer CEVIS. In addition, the astronauts performed an average of about 73 repetitions of all arm-related exercises daily. Here, we were able to show very well how differently the astronauts
on the ISS train. In addition, a decreasing trend in skin volume can be observed in astronauts with increasing activity on the bicycle and more repetitions on arm-related exercises.CONCLUSION: Increased activity on the cycle ergometer and increased arm-related exercises have a medium
negative impact on the parameter skin volume and thus reflects more fluid content in the skin. No correlations between sports activities and skin moisture/skin barrier function could be found.Braun N, Hunsdieck B, Theek C, Ickstadt K, Heinrich U. Exercises and skin physiology during
International Space Station expeditions. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(3):160166.
Aircrew Performance and Safety While Using Protective Masks in Response to Coronavirus Disease
Authors: Cave Kara M. , Kelley Amanda M. , Feltman Kathryn A. , Gerstner Jason A. , Stewart Justin L. , Crowley John S.
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION: In response to the urgent need for safe aircrew respiratory protection due to the COVID-19 pandemic, three small descriptive evaluations were conducted with aircrew and air traffic controllers (ATC) that assessed the impact of mask use on safety and performance
onboard rotary wing aircraft.METHODS: A series of evaluations assessed aircrew performance using the 3MTM Model 1860 N95 respiratory protection mask, two aviation-specific cloth mask prototypes, and a commercial off-the-shelf aviation-specific cloth mask. The series of
evaluations included different sets of subjects consisting of up to five Black Hawk helicopter aircrew members, air traffic control (ATC), and 12 CH-47 aircrew members. The Modified Rhyme Test was used to measure speech intelligibility and was administered in the UH-60 among crewmembers of
the same aircraft, between pilots of different aircraft, and between the pilots and ATC. Measures of workload, usability, comfort, and pulse oximetry were also administered.RESULTS: Results from the Modified Rhyme Test indicated that all subjects scored greater than 80% accuracy
given the proper microphone positioning relative to the mask. With respect to workload, NASA-TLX total scores for the perform radio communications task was 50.83.DISCUSSION: Despite an elevated perceived degree of workload on the communications flight task, results from the speech
intelligibility test indicated that performance was maintained within the acceptable range as defined by MIL-STD-1474E, Design Criteria Standard Noise Limit. This abbreviated evaluation suggests that the face masks tested are safe for use by helicopter aircrew under the conditions tested.Cave
KM, Kelley AM, Feltman KA, Gerstner JA, Stewart JL, Crowley JS. Aircrew performance and safety while using protective masks in response to coronavirus disease. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(4):274280.
Simultaneous Improvement in the Corrosion Resistance and Visible Transparency of ZnO/Cu/ZnO Transparent Heaters with Reactively Sputtered Al2O3 Layers
Authors: Bang Geumhyuck , Choi Dooho
Published: March 2021

In this study, we report a methodology that simultaneously improved the corrosion resistance and visible transparency of ZnO/Cu/ZnO transparent heaters with the addition of reactively sputtered Al2O3 layers. To assess corrosion resistance, ZnO and Al2O3 layers with thicknesses in the range of 0-20 nm were deposited onto 20 nm-thick Cu layer, and the corrosion behavior of the underlying Cu layers was investigated by evaluating the sheet resistance change in an 85 °C/85% humidity test. While the 20 nm-thick ZnO layer was not an effective moisture barrier, showing a sheet resistance increase of more than 50% after 10,000 m, the sheet resistance of the Cu layer below the 5 nm-thick Al2O3 layer did not show an observable increase for equal duration. Optical transmittance was also investigated by constructing glass/ZnO/Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 structures with varying thicknesses for the top ZnO and Al2O3 layers, in the range of 10-30 and 10-60 nm, respectively The thicknesses of the bottom ZnO and Cu layers were fixed at 30 nm and 10 nm. The results revealed that the average visible light transmittance of the ZnO/Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 structure increased by 2.5% over the optimized ZnO/Cu/ZnO structure.
A Study on Sebum Hardening Effect of ZnO Powder
Authors: Jeon Yong Min , Kwon Jin Gu , Ryu Si Hong , Lee Yeong Cheol , Lee Seong Eui
Published: March 2021

Zinc oxide is transparent inorganic UV absorber and widely used as a sunscreen. But sunscreen on the skin is easily erased by sebum, so zinc oxide with a sebum curing function was studied. In this study, a zinc oxide powder was prepared using zinc chloride and sodium hydroxide via a hydrothermal synthesis method. The process conditions including reaction temperature and sodium hydroxide ratio were determined. Particle size was determined using XRD and SEM, and process tendencies were checked using the gelling test method. When the sodium hydroxide ratio was lower than 58.7 wt%, the gelling time was reduced, and when the temperature was lower than 60 o, the gelling time decreased. ZnO and Simonkolleite confirmed that the gelling time was reduced when the mixture comes out.
Effect of Microstructural Parameters on the Tensile Property of WC-12~22wt%Co Cemented Carbide
Authors: Ryu Seong Hyeon , Kim Kyung Il , Noh Wooram , Kim Sang Sub , Cho Gue Serb
Published: March 2021

Cemented carbide is a kind of composite material in which fine particles of carbide are embedded into the matrix of a binder metal. It has a long service life because of its superior mechanical properties. In this study, the overall tensile behavior of a cemented carbide, WC-Co, was investigated by considering its characteristic microstructure parameters. Tensile strength and strain to fracture were evaluated by measuring the stress-strain curves of a standard tensile specimen. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze both the average size and contiguity of WC carbide particles, as well as the mean free path of the Co (cobalt) binder. Specific correlations between mechanical and microstructural features were examined and elucidated for various volume fractions of the binder metal. The Co content and the mean free path of the Co binder were in a proportional relationship, and tensile strength showed an opposite tendency to Co content. Regarding Young’s modulus and strain, it was confirmed that a large difference appears depending on the crystal structure of the Co phase. Furthermore, by probing topology of the fractured surface of the tensile specimen it was determined that the existence of irregular voids could contribute to the statistical variance in the measured values.
TINGKAT KESESUAIAN PROSES PELAYANAN RESEP DI UNIT FARMASI RAWAT JALAN TERHADAP STANDAR PROSEDUR OPERASIONAL DI RUMAH SAKIT
Authors: Gugus Virianti
Published: March 2021

Pelayanan resep merupakan bagian penting dalam menjamin keberhasilan terapi pasien. Selain itu, pelayanan resep juga merupakan proses yang kompleks karena membutuhkan ketelitian dan kecermatan dalam setiap aktivitasnya. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan suatu Standar Prosedur Operasional (SPO) sebagai panduan proses pelayanan resep. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi kesesuaian pelayanan resep di farmasi rawat jalan rumah sakit terhadap SPO. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara potong-lintang pada bulan Agustus 2018. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak dengan populasi penelitian adalah seluruh resep untuk pasien rawat jalan. Kriteria inklusi yang ditetapkan yaitu resep yang tercantum dalam SPO pelayanan resep. Kriteria eksklusinya yaitu resep yang tidak tercantum dalam SPO pelayanan resep. Data diambil menggunakan instrumen observasi untuk evaluasi proses penerimaan resep, penyiapan dan penyerahan obat. Selanjutnya data dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan perbandingan tingkat kesesuaian terhadap SPO. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 372 resep yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Resep yang diterima sesuai SPO (6,5%), resep yang disiapkan obatnya sesuai SPO (22,8%), resep yang disiapkan etiketnya sesuai SPO (33,6%), resep yang obatnya diserahkan kepada pasien sesuai SPO (20,7%). Belum seluruhnya resep dilayani sesuai SPO, ketidaksesuaian terbesar terhadap SPO terjadi pada proses mengkaji resep dan mengkaji ulang resep. Ketidaksesuaian proses pelayanan resep terhadap SPO disebabkan oleh kurangnya jumlah apoteker dan tingginya beban kerja apoteker serta kurangnya aksestabilitasterhadap dokumen SPO.
The Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: March 2021

In mathematics, the Riemann Hypothesis is a conjecture that the Riemann zeta function has its zeros only at the negative even integers and complex numbers with real part $\frac{1}{2}$. In 1915, Ramanujan proved that under the assumption of the Riemann Hypothesis, the inequality $\sigma(n) < e^{\gamma } \times n \times \log \log n$ holds for all sufficiently large $n$, where $\sigma(n)$ is the sum-of-divisors function and $\gamma \approx 0.57721$ is the Euler-Mascheroni constant. In 1984, Guy Robin proved that the inequality is true for all $n > 5040$ if and only if the Riemann Hypothesis is true. In 2002, Lagarias proved that if the inequality $\sigma(n) \leq H_{n} + exp(H_{n}) \times \log H_{n}$ holds for all $n \geq 1$, then the Riemann Hypothesis is true, where $H_{n}$ is the $n^{th}$ harmonic number. We show certain properties of these both inequalities that leave us to a proof of the Riemann Hypothesis.
Present status of cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCUVD): a major threat to cotton production
Authors: Hasan Irum , Rasul Sumaira , Malik Tassawar Hussain , Qureshi Muhammad Kamran , Aslam Kashif , Shabir Ghulam , Athar Habib-ur-Rehman , Manzoor Hamid
Published: March 2021

Cotton is a major cash crop cultivated throughout the world for fiber, feed, fuel and food. Globally, it ranked 1st for fiber and 2nd among the oilseed crops. It is cultivated in around 60 countries of the world with an approximate production of 119.8 million bales annually. During its life cycle, cotton is exposed to about 75 destructive diseases from sowing till harvesting. These stresses are responsible for about 50% yield losses annually with a worth of $ 50 billion in the world. Among them, Cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuVD) is one of the significant factors responsible for yield reduction worldwide. This disease is caused by cotton leaf cur virus which is mainly acquired and transmitted by the vector Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). This virus belongs to the family Geminiviridae and genus Begomovirus. Geminiviruses consist of small circular, single stranded DNA encapsidated in a twinned icosahedral pattern. These are either monopartite or bipartite. Bipartite begomoviruses are composed of circular single stranded DNA-A and DNA-B, both these components are essential for the infection in New World while some bipartite begomoviruses are also present in Old World, but differences are still present. Monopartite begomoviruses are composed of circular single stranded DNA-A and satellite molecules (DNA α-satellite and β-satellite), these are essential components for the severity of disease in the Old World. Efforts are underway to develop new strategies to protect the cotton plants against CLCuVD and its viral causal agents. This review helps the reader to better understand the biology of Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV), its behavior/interaction with the host Whitefly as well as recent developments being made for the control of cotton leaf curl disease.
Assessment of seed cotton yield and fiber properties portrayal of some candidate cotton varieties in national coordinated varietal trials at changing environment of Sindh and Balochistan
Authors: Keerio Abdullah , Anjum Rehana , Channa Abdul Razzaque , Baloch Sultan Ahmed
Published: March 2021

Thirty six candidate cotton varieties developed by different breeders of Pakistan were tested consecutively for two years (2017 and 2018) and at seven locations of Sindh and Balochista Provinces in national coordinated varietal trials (NCVT).  The trials were conducted to explore seed cotton yield potential and fiber properties against two check varieties (CIM-602 and FH-142/IUB-13).  As per claim of the breeders, the samples of all varieties for both the years were sent to four designated biotechnological laboratories for conducting biochemical tests also. The results revealed highly significant differences among the varieties for both the years. During the year 2017, on an average of six location, top ten high yielding varieties recorded were GH-Haadi, Weal-AG-6, VH-189, GH-Mubarak, Weal-AG-5, MNH-1026, Badar-1(DG), FH-444, CIM-343 and TJ-Max(DG) which yielded 3434, 3407, 3342, 3255, 3251, 3248, 3185, 3154, 3134 and 3131 kg/ha seed cotton yield respectively. When the results of 2018 trial were looked at, averagely top ten high yielding varieties were GH-Haadi, ICI-2121, CRIS-613, VH-383, VH-189, NIAB-898, FH-490, Cyto-225, Tahafuz-10(DG) and GS-Ali-7 with 3526, 3356, 3306, 3139, 3101, 3091, 3084, 3074, 3060 and 3026 kg/ha of seed cotton yield respectively. However, on an average of both the years (2017 and 2018), top ten high yielding varieties were GH-Haadi, VH-189, CRIS-613, Weal-AG-6, GH-Mubarak, Badar-1(DG), ICI-2121, Weal-AG-5, FH-940 and MNH-1026 producing 3480, 3221, 3186, 3155, 3113, 3083, 3057, 3054, 3042 and 3042 kg/ha of seed cotton respectively. As regards fiber properties, (04 candidate varieties) could qualified all fiber standards set by government. The biochemical test results received from all four laboratories revealed that on an average of four laboratories and two years, the trait purity range recorded was from 42 to 96 percent, whereas, quantification of Bt toxin ranged from 0.74 to 2.62. From the present study, it was concluded that almost 15-20 candidate varieties have the potential to be included among already approved varieties for commercial cultivation in the province of the Punjab.
Mobile Pulmonary Rehabilitation: Feasibility of Delivery by a Mobile Phone-Based Program
Authors: Whittaker Robyn , Dobson Rosie , Candy Sarah , Tane Taria , Burrowes Kelly , Reeve Julie , Tawhai Merryn , Taylor Denise , Robertson Trina , Garrett Jeffrey , Humphrey Gayl , Brott Tamzin , Khan Sabaoon Raza , Hu Feiyu , Warren Jim
Published: March 2021

Background: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) has been proven effective but is not well accessed due to transport, time, cost, and physical limitations of patients. We have developed a mobile phone-based PR program (mPR) that could be offered as an alternative for those unable to attend in-person. This was developed following formative research with patients, their families and clinicians. mPR has a core text message program plus an app that includes an action plan, exercise videos, lung visualization, symptom score questionnaire and 1-min sit-to-stand test.

Aims: To determine the feasibility of delivering pulmonary rehabilitation by mobile phone.

Methods: A 9-week non-randomized (1-arm) pilot study was conducted. Participants were 26 adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease plus four family members, who were offered participation at first assessment or during group PR sessions. Outcomes included satisfaction, engagement with the program, and perceived impacts.

Results: Eight people (31%) opted for text messages only, and 18 (69%) chose text messages plus the app. Three people stopped the program early, 20 said they would recommend it to others, 19 said it helped them to feel more supported, 17 said it helped them to change their behavior.

Conclusion: It is feasible to deliver PR support via mobile phone, including exercise prescription and support. Our mPR program was appreciated by a small number of people with chronic respiratory disorders and family members. Suggestions for improvements are being used to inform the further development of the program, which will then be tested for effectiveness. Registered with the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619000884101 (www.anzctr.org.au).
Left Bundle Branch Pacing: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects
Authors: Liu Peng , Wang Qiaozhu , Sun Hongke , Qin Xinghua , Zheng Qiangsun
Published: March 2021

Cardiac pacing is an effective therapy for treating patients with bradycardia due to sinus node dysfunction or atrioventricular block. However, traditional right ventricular apical pacing (RVAP) causes electric and mechanical dyssynchrony, which is associated with increased risk for atrial arrhythmias and heart failure. Therefore, there is a need to develop a physiological pacing approach that activates the normal cardiac conduction and provides synchronized contraction of ventricles. Although His bundle pacing (HBP) has been widely used as a physiological pacing modality, it is limited by challenging implantation technique, unsatisfactory success rate in patients with wide QRS wave, high pacing capture threshold, and early battery depletion. Recently, the left bundle branch pacing (LBBP), defined as the capture of left bundle branch (LBB) via transventricular septal approach, has emerged as a newly physiological pacing modality. Results from early clinical studies have demonstrated LBBP's feasibility and safety, with rare complications and high success rate. Overall, this approach has been found to provide physiological pacing that guarantees electrical synchrony of the left ventricle with low pacing threshold. This was previously specifically characterized by narrow paced QRS duration, large R waves, fast synchronized left ventricular activation, and correction of left bundle branch block. Therefore, LBBP may be a potential alternative pacing modality for both RVAP and cardiac resynchronization therapy with HBP or biventricular pacing (BVP). However, the technique's widespread adaptation needs further validation to ascertain its safety and efficacy in randomized clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of LBBP.
Impact of Serum Uric Acid Lowering and Contemporary Uric Acid-Lowering Therapies on Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ying Hangying , Yuan Hongdi , Tang Xiaomei , Guo Wenpu , Jiang Ruhong , Jiang Chenyang
Published: March 2021

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the potential association between uric acid (UA) lowering and cardiovascular risk reduction among UA-lowering therapies in adults.

Methods: A systematic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted according to the protocol pre-registered in PROSPERO (No. CRD42020199259). We search for RCTs in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov up to July 1, 2020. A meta-analysis was performed using a fixed- or random-effects model.

Results: In total, 30 studies involving 18,585 hyperuricaemic patients were included. Xanthine oxidase inhibitor (XOI) therapy produced a 6.0% reduction in relative risk (RR) for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). The use of febuxostat was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events (CVEs) (RR: 1.09, 95% CI 0.998–1.19, I2 = 0.0%), but the difference was not statistically significant. Allopurinol treatment was associated with a lower CVE risk (RR: 0.61, 95% CI 0.46–0.80, I2 = 21.0%). Among the UA-lowering therapies, the drug treatments were associated with all-cause mortality (RR: 1.20, 95% CI 1.02–1.41, I2 = 0.0%). The subgroup with a UA endpoint <7 mg/dl was not associated with a higher CVE risk (RR: 0.57, 95% CI 0.35–0.92, I2 = 0.0%), and in the subgroup with a UA endpoint <5 mg/dl group, a lower risk of CVEs was not observed (RR: 0.99, 95% CI 0.69–1.44, I2 = 0.0%).

Conclusions: UA reduction caused by XOIs reduced the incidence of MACEs. UA-lowering medicines were associated with changes in all-cause mortality but not cardiovascular outcomes. The lower UA endpoint was not associated with reduced cardiovascular risk.