bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isoferroplatinum-pyrrhotite-troilite intergrowth as evidence of desulfurization in the Merensky Reef at Rustenburg (western Bushveld Complex, South Africa)
Authors: Kawohl Alexander , Frimmel Hartwig E.
Published: November 2016

Petrographic and mineralogical studies of samples of the Normal (or undisturbed) Merensky Reef from Frank Shaft No.1 at Rustenburg Platinum Mine revealed the presence of a Pt-Fe-alloy, probably isoferroplatinum (58 vol.% of total precious metal minerals), arsenides (21 vol.%), bismuthotellurides (10 vol.%), electrum (9 vol.%) and platinum group element- (PGE-) sulfides and stannides (2 vol.%), associated predominantly with base-metal- and iron-sulfides. A Pt-Fe-alloy-dominated facies has been known for considerable time from potholes and discordant bodies and has been attributed to fluid activity with high fO2and low fS2. Our petrographic results indicate that the normal thin reef has also undergone hydrothermal alteration. For the first time, the rare mineral troilite (stoichiometric FeS) was found as intergrowths with masses of Pt-Fe-alloy, together with Fe-rich pyrrhotite, secondary hydrous silicates, magnetite and calcite. The observed mineral assemblage and texture is interpreted as the product of partial desulfurization, caused by migrating S-undersaturated fluids, which led to the exsolution of Pt-Fe-alloy from pyrrhotite (Fex–1S) with the latter approaching a stoichiometric composition. Overall our new observations provide convincing support for the importance of metasomatism in the secondary modification of ore mineralogy and textures even in the undisturbed Merensky Reef.
Near-haploid and low-hypodiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia: two distinct subtypes with consistently poor prognosis
Authors: Safavi Setareh , Paulsson Kajsa
Published: November 2016

Hypodiploidy <40 chromosomes is an uncommon genetic feature of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in both children and adults. It has long been clear by cytogenetic analyses, and recently confirmed by mutational profiling, that these cases may be further subdivided into 2 subtypes: near-haploid ALL with 24 to 30 chromosomes and low-hypodiploid ALL with 31 to 39 chromosomes. Both groups are associated with a very poor prognosis, and these patients are among those who could benefit most from novel treatments.
Therapeutic efficacy of the platelet glycoprotein Ib antagonist anfibatide in murine models of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Zheng Liang , Mao Yingying , Abdelgawwad Mohammad S. , Kocher Nicole K. , Li Mandy , Dai Xiangrong , Li Benjamin , Zheng X. Long
Published: November 2016

Key Points

Anfibatide potently inhibits platelet agglutination under static and arterial shear conditions. Anfibatide is efficacious in treating spontaneous or shigatoxin-induced murine models of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
Therapy and outcomes of primary central nervous system lymphoma in the United States: analysis of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Fallah Jaleh , Qunaj Lindor , Olszewski Adam J.
Published: November 2016

Key Points

The proportion of PCNSL patients receiving chemotherapy increased, but remains 31% lower in community than in academic cancer programs. Estimated overall survival in PCNSL is 37.7% at 3 years and reaches 51.8% in the subgroup treated with multiagent chemotherapy.
Losing Equilibrium: On the Existence of Abraham Wald's Fixed-Point Proof of 1935
Authors: Düppe Till , Weintraub E. Roy
Published: November 2016

In fall 1935, Abraham Wald presented a fixed-point proof of a general equilibrium model to Karl Menger's Mathematical Colloquium in Vienna. Due to limited space, the paper could not be printed in the eighth proceedings of the colloquium (the Ergebnisse) published in spring 1937 but was scheduled for the ninth issue of the series. After the annexation of Austria to Nazi Germany in March 1938, however, Menger's colloquium ended and the proof never appeared in print. Nor did Wald, after he fled to the United States and launched a career in statistics, attempt to circulate his proof. After his sudden death in 1950, only Wald's preliminary proof of 1934 was translated into English for Econometrica. When thus Kenneth J. Arrow, Gérard Debreu, and Lionel McKenzie in 1954 referred in their own fixed-point proofs only to Wald's preliminary published version, his 1935 fixed-point proof was forgotten. This did not change when economists and historians of economics, the authors included, reconstructed Wald's contribution. New evidence, however, proves its existence. This article tells the story of Wald's lost equilibrium proof.
Rapid Identification of Triphenylmethane Dyes by Ion Mobility Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Sysoev Alexey A. , Poteshin Sergey S. , Chernyshev Denis M. , Sysoev Alexander A.
Published: November 2016

An ion mobility time-of-flight mass spectrometry (IM-TOFMS)-based method has been preliminarily investigated for the identification of triphenylmethane ballpoint pen dyes on paper. The dyes were sampled from one-year-old ballpoint pen ink entries. The entries were written on paper documents stored in the dark in a bookcase. Sample solutions were prepared by extraction of dyes in a vial. Basic violet 2, Methyl violet 6B, Methyl violet 2B and Crystal violet were characterized by IM-TOFMS. Since the ballpoint ink dyes contain ionic compounds, the studied compounds were expected to form stable peaks in the atmospheric pressure drift tube ion mobility spectrometry, and this was experimentally verified. The studied dyes produce [M – Cl]+ ions in electrospray and form stable individual mass-selective reduced mobility peaks. The values of the characteristic reduced mobility are: 1.187 cm2/(V·s) for Basic violet 2 ( m/ z 330.20), 1.165 cm2/(V·s) for Methyl violet 6B ( m/ z 344.21), 1.156 cm2/(V·s) for Methyl violet 2B ( m/ z 358.23), 1.123 cm2/(V·s) for Crystal violet ( m/ z 372.24). IM-TOFMS is expected to be a promising tool for fast and reliable analysis of dyes in complex matrixes.
New records of lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Dagestan, Russia
Authors: Urbanavichus Gennadii , Ismailov Aziz
Published: November 2016

Twenty-three species of lichens and five lichenicolous fungi are reported for the first time for Dagestan. Of them, Bellemerella polysporinae, Lecanora pannonica, Opegrapha lutulenta, Porpidinia tumidula and Verrucaria praerupta are new to Caucasus and Russia; Lecanora contractula, Strangospora deplanata and Tremella candelariellae are reported for the first time from Caucasus. Opegrapha lutulenta and Tremella candelariellae are new to Asia. The genera Bellemerella, Didymocyrtis, Leprocaulon, Porpidinia, Protoparmelia, Strangospora and Tremella are reported for the first time from Dagestan. Porpidinia and Bellemerella are genera new to Russia. The most noteworthy records are briefly discussed.
Lichens and allied fungi of the Ragusha River Protected Area (Leningrad Region, Russia)
Authors: Kuznetsova Ekaterina S. , Kataeva Olga A. , Himelbrant Dmitry E. , Motiejūnaitė Jurga
Published: November 2016

The lichen biota of the Ragusha River (protected area in Leningrad Region) is studied. In total 221 species (211 lichenized, 5 lichenicolous and 5 saprobic fungi) are listed. Lecanora perpruinosa is new to North-Western European Russia. Lathagrium fuscovirens, Pronectria erythrinella, Protoblastenia rupestris, Thelidium minutulum, T. zwackhii and Tremella hypogymniae are reported for the first time for Leningrad Region, and Ochrolechia bahusiensis for Eastern Leningrad Region. The most noteworthy part of lichen biota is the complex of 21 calcicolous lichens. Eleven of them are known in the region only from the Ragusha River valley.
Aristotle on Education As a Web of Virtues
Authors: Наумова  , Naumova L.
Published: November 2016

This article analyzes the main provisions of the teachings of Aristotle about virtues in the context of upbringing and education. The author considers proposed by Aristotle a typology of virtues and the conditions of their formation and age periodization of education in accordance with the tasks that are solved during each age period. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the organization of the Aristotle educational activities and scientific research.
The Origins of the Domestic Education: a Cultural-Historical Aspect
Authors: Шафажинская  , Shafazhinskaya Natalya
Published: November 2016

Formation and development of domestic education, including

professional, is the long and difficult process caused by

influence of a number of factors of historical, socio-cultural, ideological

and political and economic nature. Within this article we

consider it expedient to analyze some tendencies of educational

culture during the era of the XVII — beginning of the XVIII century,

significant for the domestic pedagogical direction, which

predetermined further forming of the Russian national educational

system in integration of its educational, spiritual and moral,

training and professional components. Formation of system of

domestic professional education and spiritual and moral education

served as a prerequisite to further development and strengthening

of line items of the Russian state in the world community.
Functioning of Mentality in Society: Socio-Cultural Hypothesis
Authors: Губанов  , Gubanov N. , Губанов  , Gubanov Nikolay
Published: November 2016

Category of mentality has additional heuristic capabilities

as compared to traditional categories of the mental life. Firstly, it

serves as an integral characteristic of the uniqueness of the man’s

mental world, and secondly, gives an understanding of the specific

type of perception of the world by the subject, thirdly, it explains

the distinct way of subject’s activity – his behavior, communication,

performance. Because the mentality determines the mode of activity

of a social group or an individual; the human activity orientation

and it’s specificity, so the mentality can be interpreted as a core for

the group and personal culture, also as a strategic cultural program

of the subject. One of the basic clashes of society has the form of

a contradiction between the mentality, containing new cultural

forms, and the social relations. In the course of the individual

cultural creativity development as a response to the multiple challenges

of history, new mental characteristics are generated in the

mentality of the intellectual elite representatives. They represent

innovative programs of human being activity – performance, behavior,

communication. The new mental characteristics spread in

society and become components of group mentalities. This accrued

contradiction between the mass mentality and the old social relations

generates a constructive tension; negotiation the tension

through the reproductive activity of subjects can establish the more

progressive social relations. Old elements of mentality, in turn,

inherent social inertia and conservatism. They can obstruct the new

social relations establishment. Therefore, mentality has the contradictory

nature, embodying the dual opposition of tradition and

innovation. In the same time mentality is a social progress stimulating

factor, and a factor that holds back excessively large and excessively

rapid social changes. There is a difference between the mentality

of the creators of innovative cultural meanings and the mentality

of the masses. In the mentality of the creators that make up

the intelligent elite of the society, the innovational component is

more intense than the traditional. In the mentality of the masses

is vice versa - the traditional component dominates over the innovational.

There are many driving motives of the society development:

changes in a way of material production, in the culture in

general and in education in particular, in engineering, in science.

But the most significant force, apparently, displays the changes in

mentality that generate new forms of reproductive activity of the

subject in the economic, political, social and mental spheres.
Use of Interactive Training Methods in English Language Teaching
Authors: Рольгайзер  , Rolgayzer Anastasiya
Published: November 2016

In the article relevance of the use of interactive training

methods in teaching English language is considered. The main

interactive methods applied in foreign language communication

teaching are analyzed, advantages of each method are emphasized.
Program of Studying of Parenthood Motivation in Adolescence and Results of Its Approvals
Authors: Серебрякова  , Serebryakova T. , Князева  , Knyazeva E.
Published: November 2016

This article presents the results of the pilot study, based

on the study of motivation parenting youth stage. As shown by

theoretical analysis of the work of psychologists in parenthood

psychology, motivation, parenting objective depends on purposeful

activity in the development of this phenomenon. Of particular

importance is the systematic activities for the establishment of

parenthood at the stage of adolescence, because it is at this age

level is observed intensification of the process of development of

all the structures of the person, including its motivation, as well as

value-orientation sphere. On the basis of the basic theoretical and

methodological ideas we have designed and implemented a research

program which not only confirmed the relevance of the development

of this problem in relation to the stage of youth, but also

objectively demonstrated the presence of significant differences in

the manifestation of the motivation of parenting in the early and

late periods of adolescence, as well as gender particular manifestations

of this phenomenon. In particular, our research has shown

that today´s young men and women to some extent, focused on the

family, the birth of children and the realization of their parental

roles. However, the development of a special developmental program

that takes into account the specifics of motivation in the stage of

parenthood early and late adolescence, as well as gender-specific

manifestations of it, will ensure a higher level of conscious younger

generation to do with their future children.
Problem of Development of Creative Qualities of the Subjects of Educational Activity: Categorical Features of the Concepts of «Social Space» and «Social Cultural Environment»
Authors: Кочетков  , Kochetkov M.
Published: November 2016

The article considers the problems of development of creative qualities of the subjects of educational activity in the context of the strategic objectives of innovative and socially sustainable development of Russian society. It is proved that socio-cultural educational space and socio-cultural educational environment is a result of cooperation between a teacher and student at the eventlevel review of creative activity. It is concluded that the concept under consideration differ only in connotation. Explicated the concept of socio-cultural educational environment in its micromacro- mega-level structural representation. In this regard, the concept of «socio-cultural educational space» focuses in the implementation of the simulation on well-established distributedtemporal manifestations of cultural elements, including all the most complex processes of the Genesis, distribution, arrangement, and functioning. The notion of «socio-cultural educational environment » is an unsteady phenomena, in particular interpersonal relationships, situational characteristics of learning based on relationships of openness, nonlinearity, hierarchical.
To the Question of the Typology of Students in the System of Cossack Education
Authors: Саунин  , Saunin K.
Published: November 2016

The article examines the typology of students in the

Cossack education system. In this context, the article describes the

scope of value-orientation of the person, represents psychological

types of students in the context of value-orientation areas, identifies

psychological-pedagogical aspects of development of the personality

of students of general education of the Cossack organizations

in accordance with the Christian humanitarian paradigm.
Experiences and expectations of student midwives entering the final year of their programme of study
Authors: Power Alison
Published: November 2016

Although theoretical assessment is linear throughout the pre-registration midwifery programme, anecdotal evidence suggests there is a disproportionate increase in student midwives' expectations as they enter their third year of study, knowing they are closer to qualification and the associated responsibilities of autonomous practice. The Nursing and Midwifery Council states that pre-registration midwifery programmes must be at least 3 years or the equivalent to 156 weeks full-time, but there is anecdotal evidence of a culture of expectation that students should be proficient from the start of their third year. This article explores the experiences and expectations of student midwives who have just commenced their final year of training and—in the context of a rising birth rate, increasing workloads and staff shortages—consider how they can be best supported by education and placement providers to successfully complete their studies and ultimately be admitted to the register.
Homebirth and the regulator: An abrogation of responsibility
Authors: Lawrence Beech Beverley Ann
Published: November 2016

Despite recommendations, many women in the UK are denied the choice to give birth at home. Beverley Beech argues that the Nursing and Midwifery Council must be held to account.
Clinical practice: where does the nurse teacher fit?
Authors: Clifford Collette
Published: November 2016

In the light of professional and organizational changes there is an urgent need to review the nature of the role of the nurse teacher in order to meet the demands that will face individual nurse teachers in the future. This article explores issues pertaining to the clinical practice role of the nurse teacher.
Quality of the patient's life versus the quest for a cure
Authors: Hunt Jane
Published: November 2016

This article will examine the quality of life of patients receiving treatment for cancer and that of their families and the effects on long-term survivors. It will also address patients' hopes versus quality of life when cure is not achievable.
Nurse-aid management of ocular emergencies
Authors: Hartland Geraldine
Published: November 2016

This article deals with the nurse-aid management of ocular emergencies outside the hospital setting and the possible emergencies that the nurse aider may encounter. It also describes how to improvise treatment without the back-up of primary care and equipment and how to examine an eye for injury.
Care in theatre of a patient undergoing tonsillectomy
Authors: Atkins Kim
Published: November 2016

Mrs Smith, a 28-year-old married woman with two children, had suffered from repeated sore throats with varying degrees of dysphagia and voice loss. She occasionally worked as a club hostess and complained of hoarseness and sore throats after an evening's work. Because of the ongoing number of attacks she visited her GP who tried to find out when she would be admitted for her long-awaited tonsillectomy. There had been a delay in admission because Mrs Smith had not informed the hospital about a change of address. This now being known, it was arranged for her to be admitted within a month. She was admitted to the ear, nose and throat (ENT) ward 24 hours before her planned surgery. Previous hospital admissions had been for the birth of her two children who were staying with their grandmother while Mrs Smith was in hospital.
Employing quantitative and qualitative methods in one study
Authors: Mason Susan
Published: November 2016

There is an apparent lack of epistemological rigour when quantitative and qualitative methods are combined in the same study, because they reflect opposing positivist and interpretive perspectives. When and how to use methodological pluralism is discussed in this article.
Nurse-aid management of ear and nose emergencies: 1
Authors: Butler Kathleen , Malem Fiona
Published: November 2016

Ear, nose and throat emergencies cause a great deal of discomfort and distress and in certain cases may compromise safety. They therefore demand skilful intervention on the part of the nurse aider. In this article, the first of a two-part series, the nurse-aid management of ear problems will be described. The next article in the series will concentrate on the nose.
Therapeutic use of reminiscence with the elderly
Authors: Ashton Denise
Published: November 2016

Reminiscence may often be undervalued as a therapeutic activity. This article highlights the therapeutic potential of reminiscence and the important issues that need consideration for its effective use with elderly people suffering from dementia.
Understanding ethics in nursing practice
Authors: Kendrick Kevin
Published: November 2016

Ethics has traditionally been viewed as an abstract subject confined to the ivory towers of academia. This article challenges that view and describes how ethics can offer nurses a framework for analysing difficult situations at the interface of practice.
Nurse-aid management of ear and nose emergencies: 2
Authors: Malem Fiona , Butler Kathleen
Published: November 2016

There are many disorders that affect the nose and interfere with its normal functioning. This article, the second in a two-part series, examines the common disorders and outlines the nurse-aid management.
Implementing individual performance review
Authors: Bromwich Nicki
Published: November 2016

This article examines the implementation of individual performance review as an effective managerial process for integrating the needs of all nursing staff with the needs of the organization. This will ultimately improve the standard of care received by patients within the NHS.
Supplement
Authors: Brown Roswyn , Shanley Eamon , Darcy Patrick , Huey Amber
Published: November 2016

Choices and Decisions in Health Care

Psychology and Mental Health Nursing

Nursing Practice and Health Care (2nd edn)
Humour and the psychotherapeutic process
Authors: Forsyth Angus S
Published: November 2016

Communication is the most essential component of psychotherapy. This article aims to define humour, which is one of the most widely used components of communication in day-to-day interaction (Foot, 1986).
Nurses are ‘demoralized, confounded and confused’
Authors: Castledine George
Published: November 2016

Recently I was privileged to be invited to present the certificates and badges to a large group of newly qualified registered nurses and midwives. However, although a happy occasion, it illustrated to me the present poor job prospects and low morale in nursing.
Book reviews
Authors: Williams Sion , Andrews Margaret , Ashurst Steve
Published: November 2016

Falls in the elderly

Ethics — Aspects of Nursing Care

Microbiology for Nurses — Nurses Aids Series. (7th edn.)
What future for a regional nurse?
Authors: Fawcett-Henesy Ainna
Published: November 2016

The Functions and Manpower Review, reported last month (Department of Health, 1993), may unlock unprecedented opportunities for nurses and other professionals if its true spirit is realized.
Nursing researchers compromised by contractual obligations
Authors: Morris Mervyn
Published: November 2016

Here's a riddle: when can you not tell the difference between Black and White? When you are in the dark! What has this to do with research?
Planning and resource allocation in NHS colleges of health studies: 2
Authors: Lung Michael , Chantry Somerville Fay
Published: November 2016

In the second of two articles on the funding of nurse education, the strengths and weaknesses of current funding arrangements for nurse education are explored. The highly regulated health education market is examined and an analysis is offered on the degree to which colleges are able to plan effectively in a competitive and highly unstable market place.
Care of the elderly should be based in the private sector
Authors: Fisher-Morris M
Published: November 2016

I read Professor Castledine's column ‘Stricter control needed over private nursing homes’ (Vol 2(20): 1031) and would like to elaborate on some of the rather controversial statements he made. ‘Offloading’ the care of the elderly onto the private sector is one of the best initiatives made for this long neglected sector of the population — politically, socially and psychologically. Long-term care in sterile hospital wards is not the place for anyone to live out their final years. Institutionalization evolves here and indeed is maintained in the hospital sector, timeless routines continue to be scheduled and patients slot in where convenient. Wards are functional, not homely, and the residents are still labelled as patients and treated accordingly.
Spina bifida: the personal and financial cost of incontinence
Authors: White Mary
Published: November 2016

Care study

Peter, the third of eight children, was born in 1960 to Bridget and Patrick, Irish immigrants. He was born with a myelomeningocele and was immediately transferred to the nearest major centre, some 30 miles away. The lesion was surgically closed soon after birth. The closure led to a build-up of cerebrospinal fluid which necessitated the insertion of an intravascular shunt to control the resulting hydrocephalus. Peter remained at the centre for some time while the assessment and initial treatment were carried out. It was within the first few days of life that the pattern of mismanagement commenced. His parents had no knowledge of the condition and were given scant advice at the time or, indeed, during Peter's childhood or adolescence.
Nurses should work more closely with consumer organizations
Authors: Castledine George
Published: November 2016

The consumer revolution has become more widespread over the past 10 years, particularly since the charter movement was introduced into the public services. In particular, The Patient's Charter (Department of Health (DoH), 1991) set out for the first time what users should expect from health care services.
Tinnitus and health anxiety
Authors: Heath Ian
Published: November 2016

There have been three main approaches to the problem of tinnitus. First, attempts have been made to deal with the pathophysiological aspects. Second, there have been efforts to deal with the psychological effects. Third, and more recently, research has been undertaken to try to identify the predictors of distress.
Pharmacology for nursing practice
Authors: White Ann
Published: November 2016

The UKCC has recently set out the standards required of nurses with regard to the administration of medicines. This article examines the depth of knowledge nurses need to acquire in order to achieve these standards and suggests that their understanding of Eharmacology might e improved by integrating the study of drugs more closely with that of the basic biological sciences.
Changing emphasis in nursing research
Authors: Hamill Conal
Published: November 2016

This article presents the qualitative research methodology of phenomenology. It is linked to the need for nurses to discover the real needs of patients and clients, as highlighted in The Scope of Professional Practice (UKCC, 1992). The insights that phenomenology has given, and its contribution to nursing knowledge and practice, are discussed.
How to compile a personal professional profile
Authors: Castlcdine George
Published: November 2016

Profiling hysteria has broken out in nursing. This may be due to the recommendations in the PREP report (UKCC, 1994) or the initiatives undertaken by the National Boards in regard to their continuing education framework, particularly the English National Board (ENB, 1990), or it may be a consequence of APEL and CATS. Whatever the cause, there is no doubt that profiling is the latest jargon to affect our lives.
Emergency first-aid treatment of gunshot and stab wounds
Authors: Melby Vidar , Deeny Pat
Published: November 2016

As the number of violent crimes in Great Britain rises, it is possible that nurses will have to deal with a casualty with stab or gunshot wounds. This article describes the first-aid management of people who have been stabbed or shot.
Management of obesity in illness
Authors: Gough Jeanette
Published: November 2016

According to most height/weight charts, the term obese applies to people weighing 20% or more over their ideal body weight. This is of little practical use to nurses handling people of 20 stone or more on an infrequent basis. This article aims to repair some of the deficiency.
Audit Commission report leaves many questions unanswered
Authors: Notter Joy
Published: November 2016

Friday 10 June saw the release of yet another report from the Audit Commission. Seen But Not Heard studies the coordination of community child health and social services for children in need. All those involved in such services are aware of just how difficult this is when services have different philosophies and bureaucratic structures, not to mention differing boundaries.
Nurse-aid management of children 2: breathing difficulties and collapse
Authors: Butler Kath
Published: November 2016

The first article in this series described the nurse-aid management of children following accidents. This article will discuss the nurse-aid management of children with breathing difficulties and those who have collapsed.
Accountability in mental health nursing
Authors: Hostick Tony
Published: November 2016

Professionalisation of nursing has played a part in making accountability more implicit for nurses in terms of clinical autonomy. Mental health nurses therefore need to be clear about the principles on which they base their practice. This article considers these issues in terms of ethics, the client's perspective and clinical implications.
Sorbsan
Authors: Williams Clare
Published: November 2016

This article looks at the development of alginate as a wound dressing from its discovery in the 1800s to modern-day applications. It describes the many advantages of Sorbsan (Calcium Alginate Dressing) over traditional dressings such as gauze packing.
Circadian rhythms 2: shift work and health
Authors: Clancy John , Vicar Andrew Me
Published: November 2016

The second article in this series discusses the effects that shift work imposes on circadian rhythmicity and integrative psychophysiologicai function and the potential consequences for health.
Pressure sores: a case to answer
Authors: Dimond Bridgit
Published: November 2016

This article sets out the legal procedures that are followed if a claim for compensation for pressure sores is brought. It examines the course of evidence being presented in court, the substantive law in relation to ascertaining whether liability can be established, and considers possible defences.
Learning disability nursing: shared learning should be encouraged
Authors: O'Byrne Luke
Published: November 2016

It has long been recognised within nursing that nurse training contains many elements that are common to the training of other health care professionals, e.g. communication, ethics, and the effects of a person's environment on his/her health, illness and recovery. A fundamental aim of the recent document Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting Education — A Statement of Strategic Intent (Department of Health (DoH), 1994a) is to ‘create opportunities for shared learning with other professionals’. Such an idea is not new for nursing. Indeed, the common foundation programme of Project 2000 brings together the shared elements of the five branches of nursing and midwifery.
Survival, respect and equality
Authors: Shomaker Diana
Published: November 2016

Given the fact that everyone, regardless of role or status in life, was reared in a culturally specific environment, socialised unconsciously into particular perspectives on values, attitudes and beliefs, and conducts life and plays out life's roles in a manner prescribed by that socialisation process, why is it that to act on those basic tenets is to be seen as prejudiced, racist and discriminatory?
Development of the community nurse in learning disability: 2
Authors: Jukes Mark
Published: November 2016

In order to carry out core skills practitioners should not only obtain a postbasic qualification to practise competently but also take up other specialised courses for effective intervention. This article, the second in a two-part series, analyses the difference between qualified and unqualified community nurses in learning disability.
Drugs used to control asthma
Authors: McKenzie Sharon
Published: November 2016

The diagnosis of asthma is only the beginning of asthma care. Every patient is an individual and asthma care must be tailored to the patient. The aim is to control the symptoms of asthma with the minimum of drugs, a suitable delivery system and minimal interruption of everyday life.
Use of the Baxter PCA infusor in the community
Authors: Roberts Kathleen , Scaby Linzie
Published: November 2016

This article gives an account of the care given to a terminally ill patient who wished to remain at home and in complete control of her symptoms using equipment and techniques usually reserved for hospital in-patients.
Kaltostat
Authors: Williams Clare
Published: November 2016

The wound dressings in C V Laboratories' Kaltostat range are composed of calcium sodium alginate. By managing the physical aspects of wounds, they also reduce the associated psychological distress.
Correspondence
Authors: Eberhardie Chris , Green JN , Jeunes Annette
Published: November 2016

Sister Cooksley should be reinstated

Uniforms reflect professional status

Significance of EMRSA-16
Auditing in intensive care: comparison of two tools
Authors: Endacott Ruth
Published: November 2016

This article addresses some of the practical aspects of auditing in the intensive care setting by comparing two audit tools. An overview of each tool is provided together with a description of how it was used. Recommendations for auditing in intensive care are given.
What are interpersonal skills?
Authors: Jones Adrian
Published: November 2016

Interpersonal skills is a familiar term for most nurses — but what form do these skills take and can they be measured? In this article, studies are presented that allege to identify such skills, but critical review indicates that they may be a phenomenon that lies outside the realm of empirical enquiry.
Self-administration of medicines
Authors: Hancock Beverley
Published: November 2016

Self-administration of medicines by patients in hospitals and residential homes can lead to increased comprehension and compliance with treatment after discharge and thus to a reduction in readmission rates. It can also increase the self-esteem of chronically ill patients by allowing them to take responsibility for their own health.
Evaluation of a hydrocellular dressing in the management of exuding wounds in the community
Authors: Kurring Paul A , Roberts Christopher D , Quinlan David
Published: November 2016

A multicentre clinical trial was conducted to assess the performance and acceptability of a hydrocellular dressing in the management of exuding wounds by community nurses. The study examined ease of use, adherence, patient comfort, conformability and safety in use. Since this article was written, Allevyn hydrocellular dressing has become available on the Drug Tariff.
Prevention of pressure sores
Authors: Davies Kate
Published: November 2016

Pressure sores are undesirable. They have physical implications for patients, psychological and social implications for health care staff, relatives and patients, and financial implications for health services. Prevention is relatively simple and totally effective, so why does the incidence of pressure sores remain unacceptably high?
Do practitioners owe greater loyalty to employers or patients?
Authors: Dimond Bridgit
Published: November 2016

Registered practitioners must be becoming increasingly perplexed at the war of words waging in the media as trust chairmen castigate doctors over whether the doctor's first duty of loyalty is to the employer or the patient; even the Secretary of State has become involved in the debate (Laurance, 1994a, b; The Times, 1994). Nurses, midwives and health visitors are also involved in the debate as the names of Graham Pink, Sister Crossley and the East Hertfordshire midwives bare witness.
Ethics: an emerging management issue
Authors: Fox Jane
Published: November 2016

This article considers the potential reasons for the increasing importance of ethical concerns in the context of nursing management and its implications.
Do we take self-advocacy seriously?
Authors: Dawson Peter
Published: November 2016

A training pack has been developed to help staff introduce the concept of self-advocacy to patients who are disabled or have learning difficulties so that they may challenge service providers. It should be possible to provide working and living environments in which respect for one another's humanity can be shared.
Care of a handicapped woman with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Bycroft Linda
Published: November 2016

Care study Anne is a 51-year-old woman who has been in a mental handicap hospital since the age of 16 years. Perinatal anoxia resulted in her being physically and profoundly mentally handicapped. A chronic skeletal deficiency means that she has permanent contractures in all her limbs as well as a deformed spine, and has to be cared for in a specially designed chair. She has to be assisted with all activities of daily living, including feeding and bowel care. Anne is unable to communicate verbally, but reacts to pain and discomfort by crying. Both her hearing and vision are poor.
A definition of nursing based on nurturing
Authors: Castledine George
Published: November 2016

I have long sought a simple definition of nursing. When I was working with Professor Baroness McFarlane in Manchester over 10 years ago, we spent a long time discussing the subject and concluded that it defied a simple definition.
Book review supplement
Authors: Lander William , Horner Maggie , Livescy Heather , Clarke Gwen , Littlejohn Lorainc , McGee Paula , Biley Francis C
Published: November 2016

Caring for Older People: A Nurse's Guide

Trauma Nursing from Resuscitation through Rehabilitation

Health Promotion: Concepts and Practice

Colour Guide to Holistic Oral Care: A Practical Approach

The Return of the Mentor: Strategies for Workplace Learning

The User's Guide to Intermittent Catheterisation

Analysis and Evaluation of Nursing Theories
PREPP: who will meet the costs?
Authors: Nolan Mike
Published: November 2016

Final decisions by the UKCC regarding the Post-Registration and Education Practice Project (PREPP) are expected as this edition of the British Journal of Nursing goes to press. Although modifications to the original proposal have been made following the consultation exercise, the broad thrust of these have already been reported. Finalizing the structure of PREPP is an important landmark for the nursing, midwifery and health visiting professions as the proposals provide a framework for education and practice beyond registration. This, however, is only the first step and the real challenge is to ensure that the recommendations are implemented in a fair and equitable manner.
An outbreak of hospital-acquired cryptosporidiosis
Authors: Gardner Carole
Published: November 2016

Cryptosporidium is a common cause of acute, self-limiting gastroenteritis in otherwise healthy subjects. In immunocompromised patients, however, infection with this organism can be life threatening. The possible factors that allowed transmission of Cryptosporidium from a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome to nursing staff are examined in this article.
Nursing can never have a unified theory
Authors: Castledine George
Published: November 2016

In my last column I gave a simple definition of nursing. I have, however, always believed that there is more to the nature of nursing than any definition can encompass.
Professional acceptance of living wills to be encouraged
Authors: Fox Jane
Published: November 2016

February 17 1994 may be viewed as a watershed in years to come. For on that date a House of Lords select committee discussed the issue of living wills in the wider context of euthanasia and medical ethics. The result was a recognition that a living will might be taken into account when deciding the appropriateness of treatment. The select committee also decided that it was desirable for guidelines governing the use of living wills in such decision making to be established.
Development of the cardiac surgeon assistant
Authors: Holmes Susanne
Published: November 2016

In 1989, a pilot scheme to evaluate the role of a non-medically qualified assistant working in cardiac surgery was commenced. The appointee was a registered nurse and, 3 years on, the scheme is now in its final stages of evaluation. Approval has been given for other hospitals to adopt such schemes. This article examines the implications that this decision might have for the nursing profession in the future.
Aphasia: a care study
Authors: Stewart Jeanette , Creed Jacqueline
Published: November 2016

Ethel is a 70-year-old lady who was admitted to an acute medical ward following a fall at home. She did not sustain any injuries and there were no medical reasons for the fall. Ethel had fallen numerous times at home. She had suffered a cerebrovascular accident 2 years previously. She did not have any paralysis down either side of her body, but the stroke had left her unable to speak.
Role of the lecturer practitioner in learning disability nursing
Authors: McNally Steve
Published: November 2016

Lecturer practitioners have been developed to bridge the theory-practice divide. This article explores the role of the lecturer practitioner in modelling and supporting the development of creative professional practice, with particular reference to the field of learning disability.
Working in Partnership report signals a pivotal role for mental health nurses
Authors: Morris Mervyn
Published: November 2016

It is 2 years since Virginia Bottomley announced the first Government review of mental health nursing since the Ministry of Health published Psychiatric Nursing Today and Tomorrow in 1968. While there appears to have been some delay in completion (presumably to allow those receiving the report to discuss the content), it has been well worth the wait.
A confident approach to taking examinations
Authors: Kelly Daniel
Published: November 2016

Examinations remain a source of worry to many people who fear what to expect and doubt their ability to succeed. Many fears surrounding examinations can be rationally dispelled if the student approaches them with enhanced confidence and a sense that the best possible preparation has been undertaken.
Future standards for teaching in nursing
Authors: Castledine George
Published: November 2016

When the UKCC Council accepted the PREPP report (UKCC, 1994) last month it was not only the futures of practitioners that were affected but also those of nurse teachers.
RCN should link fellowships with academic awards
Authors: Glasper Edward Alan , Whitfield William
Published: November 2016

Since 1976, the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) has awarded fellowships to some nurses for ‘outstanding contributions to the advancement of the profession and/or the practice of nursing’. Candidates are chosen by a panel of existing fellows, although any member can recommend an individual for a fellowship. Some members regard the selection process as a self-perpetuating oligarchy and the award itself as a form of nursing honours system.
Testing incontinence pads using single-case research designs
Authors: Proudfoot Linda M , Farmer Elizabeth S , McIntosh Jean B
Published: November 2016

This article is predominantly concerned with the value of single-case research designs for generating nursing knowledge. The argument in favour of single-case research designs is made with reference to the testing of a range of body-worn incontinence pads in a group of cognitively impaired elderly women in two clinical settings.
Nursing care of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Arthur Valerie
Published: November 2016

Many patients referred to rheumatology departments suffer from rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is a chronic disease with no known cure and is characterized by remissions and exacerbations of disease activity. Nurses have an invaluable role in the care of patients with RA.
Access to psychiatric services for homeless mentally ill people
Authors: North Christopher R
Published: November 2016

This article looks at the problems of access to psychiatric services for homeless mentally ill people. Many such individuals are forced to use accident and emergency departments as their only source of psychiatric help.
Men in nursing: in remembrance of Trevor Clay
Authors: Castlcdine George
Published: November 2016

There have been few references to men in nursing and their contribution has received only slight mention in nursing history books (c.g. Donahue, 1985). Even less is the recognition given to men who have made a significant contribution to the development of nursing.
Myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs part 1: features and diagnosis
Authors: Sewell David
Published: November 2016

Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common heart disease in dogs, and potentially leads to the development of congestive heart failure. This first part of two articles discusses the features of MMVD including prevalence, aetiology and pathophysiology, and also discusses the diagnosis and staging of the condition. The management of MMVD will be discussed in part 2.
Inventing new rights: precarity and the recognition of the productive dimension of life
Authors: Carolina Salomão  , Solange Jobim
Published: November 2016

Marked by the centrality of communicational, affective and relational aspects in direct value generation, cognitive capitalism is characterised by ambivalences that are expressed in new forms of control and exploitation and by the way that it has overcome several distinctions that shaped Fordist industrial labour. This article aims to observe how, in the transition to cognitive capitalism, precarity is constituted as an existential condition of contemporary labour. Furthermore, it seeks to demonstrate how this reality, while introducing risks and vulnerabilities, creates a terrain for new possibilities of resistance and invention.
Immediate Rule-Out of Acute Myocardial Infarction Using Electrocardiogram and Baseline High-Sensitivity Troponin I
Authors: Neumann Johannes Tobias , Sörensen Nils Arne , Ojeda Francisco , Schwemer Tjark , Lehmacher Jonas , Gönner Saskia , Jarsetz Nikolas , Keller Till , Schaefer Sarina , Renné Thomas , Landmesser Ulf , Clemmensen Peter , Makarova Nataliya , Schnabel Renate B , Zeller Tanja , Karakas Mahir , Pickering John W , Than Martin , Parsonage William , Greenslade Jaimi , Cullen Louise , Westermann Dirk , Blankenberg Stefan
Published: November 2016

AIMS

Serial measurements of high-sensitivity troponin are used to rule out acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with an assay specific cutoff at the 99th percentile. Here, we evaluated the performance of a single admission troponin with a lower cutoff combined with a low risk electrocardiogram (ECG) to rule out AMI.

METHODS

Troponin I measured with a high-sensitivity assay (hs-TnI) was determined at admission in 1040 patients presenting with suspected AMI (BACC study). To rule out AMI we calculated the negative predictive value (NPV) utilizing the optimal hs-TnI cutoff combined with a low risk ECG. The results were validated in 3566 patients with suspected AMI [2-h Accelerated Diagnostic Protocol to Assess Patients With Chest Pain Symptoms Using Contemporary Troponins as the Only Biomarker (ADAPT) studies]. Patients were followed for 6 or 12 months.

RESULTS

184 of all patients were diagnosed with AMI. An hs-TnI cutoff of 3 ng/L resulted in a NPV of 99.3% (CI 97.3–100.0), ruling out 35% of all non-AMI patients. Adding the information of a low risk ECG resulted in a 100% (CI 97.5–100.0) NPV (28% ruled out). The 2 validation cohorts replicated the high NPV of this approach. The follow-up mortality in the ruled out population was low (0 deaths in BACC and Stenocardia, 1 death in ADAPT).

CONCLUSIONS

A single hs-TnI measurement on admission combined with a low risk ECG appears to rule out AMI safely without need for serial troponin testing. Trial Registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02355457).