bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inteligência de negócios e inteligência competitiva na ciência da informação brasileira: contribuições para uma análise terminológica
Authors: Lucas Alexandre , Café Ligia Maria Arruda , Viera Angel Freddy Godoy
Published: July 2016

Resumo O artigo apresenta aspectos da diversidade terminológica relacionada à Inteligência de Negócios e Inteligência Competitiva na produção científica da área da Ciência da Informação brasileira, caracterizando ocorrências de polissemia e sinonímia, e, buscando contribuir para redução da ambiguidade do campo conceitual da área. Foram analisados 29 artigos de 101 encontrados na base BRAPCI. Desses artigos foram extraídos 40 conceitos, os quais foram submetidos à análise, conforme: a) os termos e conceitos de referência, b) as categorias Processo, Função, Produto ou Tecnologia e, c) associação de autores por conceito de referência. Os resultados mostram que: a) se confirma a existência dos fenômenos de polissemia e sinonímia, b) embora o termo Inteligência Competitiva tenha sido predominantemente adotado pelos autores, ele se apresenta com uma ampla variedade de conceitos, c) predominância da categoria processo, d) dispersão de sentidos na análise cronológica, não sobressaindo predominância de um ou outro conceito referencial e, e) categoria tecnologia apresenta-se concentrada nas publicações entre 1999 e 2001. Conclui que, tendo em vista a fragilidade terminológica constatada por esta pesquisa, deve-se aprofundar a análise desses termos e conceitos verificando o seu comportamento em áreas afins a aqui estudada, o que certamente mostraria outros aspectos da diversidade terminológica.
Epidemiology and georeferencing of squamous cell carcinoma cases and their relationship with pesticides
Authors: CASTRO Paulo Henrique de Souza , ARAÚJO Ney Soares , CARVALHOSA Artur Aburad de , ARIEIRA Júlia , VOLPATO Luiz Evaristo Ricci
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the prevalence of epidermoid carcinoma cases, georeference their locations, and seek to correlate them to areas with higher agricultural production and use of pesticides. Methods This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and retrospective study conducted by searching the histopathological reports with confirmed diagnosis of epidermoid carcinoma of the mouth issued from August 2005 to December 2011 by the public oral pathology laboratory of the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Data were plotted with the IBM SPSS Statistics software and spatial analysis used the ArcGIS 10.1 software. Results There were a higher number of diagnoses in 2007 (26.6%); 99 cases (75%) of patients were male; 96 cases (72.8%) were patients aged between 41 and 70 years; and the cities of Cuiabá, Várzea Grande and Rondonópolis respectively showed the highest number of occurrences. Conclusion No relationship was found between the occurrence of cases of epidermoid carcinoma and the municipalities with high agricultural production and pesticide use.
Bond strength of glass-ceramic cemented to a zirconia structure: influence of adhesive cementation strategy
Authors: TAVARES Gilvan Cutrim , TAVARES Renan Macedo Cutrim , MIRANDA Milton Edson , TURSSI Cecilia Pedroso , BASTING Roberta Tarkany , FRANÇA Fabiana Mantovani Gomes , AMARAL Flavia Lucisano Botelho do
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Objective This study evaluated the shear bond strength (SBS) of lithium disilicate glass (LDG) ceramic bonded to a zirconia (Y-TZP), using different cementation strategies. Methods LDG ceramic cylinders were cemented to Y-TZP structure according to the following adhesive system (AS)/resin cement (RC) (n = 15): U- self-adhesive dual-cure RC; AMBAR- AS containing phosphate monomers (PM) + dual-cure RC; group SBU: PM+Silane/AS + light-cure RC; group ALLB: PM/AS + dual-cure RC. Specimens were subjected to SBS in a universal testing machine (0.5 mm/min). Data (MPa) were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0,05). Results The groups SBU and ALLB had significantly higher SBS than those provided by the group U, in which the lowest values were observed. For the AMBAR group, intermediate SBS values were found, which did not differ significantly from the values observed in the other groups. Conclusion Regardless of resins cement, the use of adhesives containing phosphate monomers provided superior bond strength than self-adhesive cement.
Septic arthritis of the TMJ: a case report
Authors: MORAIS Hécio Henrique Araújo de , PEIXOTO Tony Santos , BARBALHO Jimmy Charles , DIAS Tasiana Guedes de Sousa , VASCONCELLOS Ricardo José de Holanda , LUCENA Eudes Euler de Souza
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an uncommon condition; thus, reports in the specialized literature are still scarce. The TMJ may be affected by extension of a local infectious process, by post-traumatic hematoma, or secondarily, by hematogenous spread. Septic arthritis is more common in the large joints, with the knee and hip most frequently affected. It is characterized by insidious onset and a marked inflammatory process, and is monoarticular in 80% of cases. The present report describes the case of a 6-year-old boy with a history of rheumatoid arthritis who presented with pain, swelling, and redness in the right TMJ region, as well as limited jaw opening, closure, and lateral excursion bilaterally. The differential diagnosis and treatment of this rare clinical entity are described. Aspects concerning antibiotic therapy and imaging studies are also addressed.
Papillary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma: rare malignant tumor in minor salivary gland
Authors: MARIANO Ronaldo Célio , OLIVEIRA Marina Reis , SILVA Amanda de Carvalho , MARIANO Lúcia de Carvalho Freire , VARGAS Pablo Agustin , ALMEIDA Oslei Paes de
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Clinical case description of a papillary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, extremely rare malignant tumor in the salivary gland and difficult to diagnose, in geriatric patient. Patient with 86 years old was referred for treatment with nodular lesion on the inner side of left lower lip extending to the bucal mucosa, without any clinical appearances of malignancy. The lesion was asymptomatic, had flabby consistency and slow growth. Despite the favorable clinical features, after surgical removal, was diagnosed as papillary mucinous papillary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. Nonetheless, the cellular atypia found was considered to be mild and immunohistochemical evaluation the reaction to Ki-67 was low, indicating a low rate of proliferation of the tumor. Medical evaluation confirmed the absence of systemic disorders or distant metastases. Although it is a malignant lesion, due to low degree of proliferation of lesion and the careful follow-up carried out, there was a favorable evolution after conservative treatment in a follow-up period of 11 years and six months.
Narrativas Midiáticas sobre a relação entre corpo e jogos olímpicos nas décadas de 1890 e 1900
Authors: Amaro Fausto
Published: July 2016

Resumo: Os jogos olímpicos apresentavam-se ao habitante do Rio de Janeiro das décadas de 1890 e 1900 como algo além do esporte. Circo, teatro e cinema eram espaços culturais onde aqueles eventos podiam ser assistidos, como os jornais da época anunciavam. As Olimpíadas do Comitê Olímpico Internacional também eram noticiadas, porém disputavam a atenção dos leitores cariocas com jogos não-oficiais, como os que foram realizados em Montevidéu no ano de 1907. Entendido esse contexto, neste artigo são apresentadas algumas questões relativas ao ideal de corpo no referido período e seu diálogo com a novidade representada pelos jogos olímpicos.
Resonancias Vocales y Memoria Sonora en Helen Brown
Authors: Sölter Andrés Grumann
Published: July 2016

Resumen: El artículo se concentra en indagar aspectos referidos a la intensificación de los usos de la voz y la sonorización musical que proponen Trinidad Piriz y Daniel Marabolí en Helen Brown (2013). Dando cuenta de un marco teórico que cuestiona la dimensión referencial con la que se analiza frecuentemente al teatro y proponiendo una aproximación fenomenológica que dé cuenta de la materialidad performativa que insta a intensificar las resonancias de la voz y la capacidad audible del sonido, el escrito analiza dos escenas o tracks en los que la memoria hecha cuerpo compromete de un modo particular a los espectadores que participan de la performance escénica.
Efeito de supressão das emissões otoacústicas em lactentes termo e pré-termo
Authors: Jesus Natália Oliveira de , Angrisani Rosanna Giaffredo , Maruta Elaine Colombo , Azevedo Marisa Frasson de
Published: August 2016

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a ocorrência e a magnitude do efeito de supressão das emissões otoacústicas evocadas por estímulo transiente, em lactentes a termo e pré-termo, estabelecendo-se níveis de referência para utilização clínica. Método A amostra foi composta por 40 lactentes, de 5 dias a 4 meses de idade, sem risco para alteração neurológica e auditiva e com emissões otoacústicas presentes ao nascimento, sendo 20 nascidos a termo e 20 nascidos pré-termo que permaneceram mais de cinco dias em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. O clique linear foi apresentado a 65 decibels Nível de Pressão Sonora, em blocos de 15 segundos sem ruído e com ruído contralateral, a 60 decibels Nível de Pressão Sonora. Considerou-se presença de supressão quando houve redução da resposta na presença de ruído. Os valores médios de supressão foram estabelecidos e a comparação entre os grupos foi analisada estatisticamente. Resultados A supressão ocorreu em 100% das crianças e não variou em função do lado da orelha e entre os grupos. Conclusão Todas as crianças apresentaram supressão, independente do grupo. A supressão média obtida na população total foi de 0,85 decibel. O critério de referência mínimo recomendado para utilização clínica foi a redução de 0,20 decibel na resposta geral.
Computed tomographic features of the feline brain change with advancing age?
Authors: Babicsak Viviam R. , Cardoso Guilherme S. , Tsunemi Miriam H. , Vulcano Luiz C.
Published: July 2016

Abstract: A better understanding of normal or expected encephalic changes with increasing age in cats is needed as a growing number of these animals is attended in veterinary clinics, and imaging data referring to normal age-associated changes are extremely scarce in the literature. The objective of this study was to identify age-related changes in feline brain using CT imaging. Fifteen non-brachycephalic healthy cats with age between 1 to 6 years (adult group) and others over 12 years (geriatric group) were submitted to CT scan of the brain. Statistically significant differences were found between the groups for the ability to identify the left lateral ventricle and for falx cerebri calcification, both identified in a greater number of cats of the geriatric group. A significantly higher mean width of the third ventricle was also detected in geriatric animals. There were no statistically significant differences between lateral ventricular dimensions and encephalic parenchymal attenuation on pre and post-contrast CT phases. The results of the present study show an increase in the incidence of falx cerebri calcification and a third ventricular dilatation with advancing age in cats. Future researches using MRI scanners and a greater quantity of cats are needed in order to identify supplementary age-related changes.
Community resilience and Chagas disease in a rural region of Mexico
Authors: Rangel José Antonio Santana , Monreal Luz Arenas , Ramsey Janine M
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To explore the pillars of community resilience in a region where Chagas disease is endemic, with the aim of promoting participatory processes to deal with this condition from the resilience of the population. METHODS Qualitative study using ethnographic record and six interviews of focus groups with young people, women and men. The research was carried out in a rural area of the state of Morelos, Mexico, between 2006 and 2007. We carried out educational sessions with the population in general, so that residents could identify the relationship between the vector Triatoma pallidipennis, the parasite (Trypanosoma cruzi), symptoms, and preventive actions for Chagas disease. The ethnographic record and groups were analyzed based on Taylor and Bogdan’s modification, and the focus was to understand the socio-cultural meanings that guide the speeches and activities of residents in relation to the pillars of community resilience. RESULTS The population felt proud of belonging to that location and three pillars of community resilience were clearly identified: collective self-esteem, cultural identity, and social honesty. Having these pillars as bases, we promoted the participation of the population concerning Chagas disease, and a Community Action Group was formed with young people, adult men and women, and social leaders. This Group initiated actions of epidemiological and entomological surveillance in the community to deal with this problem. CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to create more experiences that deepen the understanding of the pillars of community resilience, and how they contribute to enhance participation in health to deal with Chagas disease.
Literacy as a determining factor for brain organization: from Lecours' contribution to the present day
Authors: Parente Maria Alice de Mattos Pimenta , Fonseca Rochele Paz , Scherer Lilian Cristine
Published: August 2016

Abstract - This review aimed to discuss the influence of literacy and formal education on human brain organization, based on evidence drawn from three sources: (1) results and limitations of a project coordinated by André Roch Lecours on the influence of illiteracy on brain organization and of studies on aphasia in illiterate populations; (2) data on the impact of schooling on the neuropsychological assessment of healthy and brain-damaged individuals, and (3) studies on the effect of schooling on dementia. These findings suggest that schooling and literacy processes influence cerebral organization of healthy individuals, as well as of brain-lesion individuals and those with dementia. Concerning illiteracy, the systematic pioneering studies developed by Lecours and the continuity of his investigations were essential to alert the scientific and clinical communities to take into account the role of educational experience on cognitive processing and its brain substrates.
Behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia is not a unitary concept: A critical review with emphasis on Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Laks Jerson , Engelhardt Eliasz
Published: August 2016

Abstract Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) is an important feature of dementia. However, this definition comprises a large array of symptoms and syndromes. This hampers understanding of the behavior of patients with dementia and the devising of strategies to ameliorate these symptoms. Objectives: This review aimed to describe the main factors and syndromes that comprise BPSD, as well as neuroimaging, psychopharmacological, and genetic data derived from studies of these factors. Methods: A search on the Medline, Scielo, and ISI databases was performed using the keyword BPSD for articles published within the last five years. Selected publications were favored, so this review should not be regarded as a systematic study on the subject. Results: The main factors and syndromes comprising BPSD were identified, namely psychosis, depression, and activity. Different ways of clustering symptoms were considered. The main manifestations of psychosis, apathy and depression were focused, relating phenomenology to neuroimaging and pharmacological issues. Conclusions: BPSD is a heterogeneous array of symptoms which can be better understood as clusters. At least three factors can be separated in BSPD, namely psychosis, depression, and activity. This division may offer guidance to clinicians regarding treatment management and follow up of the chosen therapeutic strategy.
Influence of brain lesion and educational: background on language tests in aphasic subjects
Authors: Soares Ellen Cristina Siqueira , Ortiz Karin Zazo
Published: August 2016

Abstract In language assessment, several socio-demographic variables must be taken into account. Objectives: To characterize the performance of aphasic patients with different educational background on language tasks and to compare their performance to that of individuals with no language disorders. Methods: Thirty aphasic patients and 30 healthy individuals were selected. Patients were divided into two groups according to educational level: A (1-4 years) n=15 and B (5-11 years) n=15. Age ranged from 27 to 78 years. All subjects were submitted to the Montreal Toulouse language assessment protocol. The pertinent statistical tests were applied. Results: Educational level interfered in the linguistic performance of normal subjects but not in that of aphasic subjects, whose performance was influenced more by the lesion. Conclusions: The present study can contribute toward greater understanding of the influence of lesions and educational background on the language performance of aphasic subjects.
Preliminary data on a mnemonic instrument with proverbs for tracking Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Santos Mauricéa Tabósa Ferreira , Guerra Gutemberg , Menezes Terce Liana de , Carvalho Tatiana Lins , Alchieri João Carlos , Sougey Everton Botelho
Published: August 2016

Abstract In the differential diagnosis between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and normal aging, tests evaluating memory and executive functions are frequently used. The addition of abstraction tests may enhance the effectiveness of screening tests for AD. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare initial data of a new instrument - The Screening Test for Alzheimer's Disease with Proverbs (STADP) - against other screening tests used in AD diagnosis. Methods: Sixty elderly individuals (46 controls and 14 AD subjects with CDR=1), aged ³60 years, with at least one year of schooling, were evaluated using the STADP at outpatient clinic. The STADP assesses short-term memory, episodic memory, executive functions and language, in addition to proverb recognition. The performance of the participants on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), semantic Verbal Fluency (VF) and Clock Drawing Test (CDT) were evaluated and the habit of reading, writing and sociodemographic data were also taken into account. Results: There were significant correlations between STADP and the performance on the MMSE (r=0.64), CDT (r=0.50) and VF (r=0.56). Age influenced all sub-items of the STADP, specifically episodic memory (r= -0.54), whereas schooling mainly influenced executive functions and language (r=0.46). The total score, stages A and C and the "proverb recognition" of STADP (p<0.001), as well as the MMSE (p<0.001), CDT (p=0.016), VF (p<0.001) were significantly different in AD versus control groups. Conclusions: The findings point to the potential use of the STADP in AD, warranting the conducting of further studies.
Pain and apathy
Authors: Bahia Valéria Santoro
Published: August 2016

Abstract In this case report we discuss the lack of emotional reactivity and evasive motor motivation to nociceptive stimuli presented by a patient with frontotemporal degenerative disease and apathy as a predominant behavioral symptom.
Comparison of performance on neuropsychological tests in amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's disease patients
Authors: Vale Patrícia Helena Figueirêdo do , Spíndola Lívia , Oliveira Maira Okada de , Armentano Cristiane Garcia da Costa , Porto Claudia Sellitto , Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi
Published: July 2016

Abstract Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) can be an intermediate state between normality and dementia in some patients. An early diagnosis, through neuropsychological assessment, could identify individuals at risk of developing dementia. Objective: To verify differences in performance on neuropsychological tests among controls, amnestic MCI (aMCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Methods: Sixty-eight AD patients (mean age 73.77±7.24; mean schooling 9.04±4.83; 40 women and 28 men), 34 aMCI patients (mean age 74.44±7.05; mean schooling 12.35±4.01; 20 women) and 60 controls (mean age 68.90±7.48; mean schooling 10.72±4.74; 42 women) were submitted to a neuropsychological assessment composed of tasks assessing executive functions, language, constructive abilities, reasoning and memory. Results: There were statistically significant differences in performance across all tests among control, aMCI and AD groups, and also between only controls and AD patients. On comparing control and aMCI groups, we found statistically significant differences in memory tasks, except for immediate recall of Visual Reproduction. There were also statistically significant differences between aMCI and AD groups on tasks of constructive and visuoperceptual abilities, attention, language and memory, except for delayed recall of Visual Reproduction. Conclusions: Neuropsychological assessment was able to discriminate aMCI from AD patients in almost all tests except for delayed recall of Visual Reproduction, visual organization (Hooper) and executive functions (WCST); and discriminate controls from AD patients in all tests, and controls from aMCI patients in all memory tests except for immediate recall of Visual Reproduction.
The relationship between memory complaints and age in normal aging
Authors: Lima-Silva Thaís Bento , Yassuda Mônica Sanches
Published: July 2016

Abstract Normal aging can be characterized by a gradual decline in some cognitive functions, such as memory. Memory complaints are common among older adults, and may indicate depression, anxiety, or cognitive decline. Objectives: To investigate the association between memory complaints and age in cognitively unimpaired older adults, and the relationship between memory complaints and memory performance. Methods: Cognitive screening tests as well as memory complaint questionnaires validated for the Brazilian population were used: the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Memory Complaint Questionnaire (MAC-Q), Memory test of 18 pictures, Forward and Backward Digit Span (WAIS-III). Fifty seven regular members of the SESC social club participated (50 women), having a mean age of 71.4 years, and 4 to 8 years of education - 34 from 4 to 7 years and 23 with 8 years of education. Results: Results revealed no significant association between cognitive complaints and age or cognitive performance. Older participants in this sample did not show worse performance or a higher level of complaints. There was no significant association between age and GDS scores. Conclusions: The studied sample constitutes a particular group of older adults whose participation in activities may be protecting them from cognitive decline, thus highlighting the impact of lifestyle on cognitive performance during the aging process.
Study on the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) performance in healthy individuals, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's disease: A preliminary study
Authors: Armentano Cristiane Garcia da Costa , Porto Cláudia Sellitto , Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi , Nitrini Ricardo
Published: July 2016

Abstract Executive deficits as well as deficits in episodic memory characterize the initial phases of Alzheimer Disease (AD) and are clinically correlated to neuropsychiatric symptoms and functional loss. Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment present more problems as to inhibitory response control, switching and cognitive flexibility. Objective: To compare performance on the BADS with performance on other executive functional tests among patients with mild Alzheimer's disease, Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) to performance of control individuals and to examine discriminative capacity of BADS among these groups. Methods: The BADS was performed by 35 healthy controls, 13 patients with aMCI, and 16 mild probable AD patients. Besides performing the BADS, subjects underwent neuropsychological evaluation which comprised: the Dementia Rating Scale (DRS), verbal fluency by phonemic categories (F.A.S) and Concentrated Attention Test (CA). Results: There were no differences among groups by educational level, but performance differed for age (p<0.01). No difference between healthy controls and aMCI patients was found on total scores or subitems of the BADS. A significant difference was observed between aMCI and AD patients (p<0.05) and between controls and AD patients (p<0.05) on total and standard scores. Conclusions: Performance on the BADS differed between healthy individuals and mild AD patients. The BADS proved to be a sensitive method for discriminating AD from aMCI.
Nonverbal dichotic test in patients with epilepsy
Authors: Ortiz Karin Zazo , Pereira Liliane Desgualdo , Carvalho Alda Christina Lopes de , Vilanova Luiz Celso Pereira
Published: July 2016

Abstract Auditory processing during childhood may be altered if there is any predisposing factor during the course of development. Neurological disorders are among the risk factors for auditory processing disorders. Some studies have shown verbal auditory processing disorder in children with epilepsy. Objective: To verify the performance of children with epilepsy on a nonverbal dichotic test. Methods: Thirty-eight subjects, 23 female and 15 male, ranging from 7 to 16 years of age with neurological diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy, without clinical or imaging evidence of cerebral lesion were evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups: 23 patients diagnosed with partial seizures and 15 patients with generalized seizures. Illiterate children, children with hearing thresholds exceeding the normal range and with brain lesions confirmed either clinically or by imaging tests were excluded from the study group. Results: Analysis of the performance of epileptic patients with partial and generalized seizures on the Nonverbal Dichotic Test revealed that the majority of patients with epilepsy showed impairments in the test, with no significant differences related to seizure type, generalized or partial. Although patients with partial and generalized seizures performed similarly, all the epileptic patients showed different performance to a normal population. Conclusions: This study revealed a high prevalence of impairments among epileptic patients in relation to nonverbal processing in a dichotic paradigm.
N-Back auditory test performance in normal individuals
Authors: Gonçalves Vanessa Tomé , Mansur Letícia Lessa
Published: July 2016

Abstract The working memory construct refers to the capacity to maintain information for a limited time. Objectives: To devise stimuli and adapt the 5-back test and to verify the effect of age in normal Brazilian individuals. Methods: 31 healthy adults (15 young adults and 16 older adults) were evaluated by batteries of auditory stimuli to verify the inter-group differences (age effect) in working memory span, total correct answers and intrusions, and the intra-group effect of type of stimulus. Results: There was no intra-group stimulus effect. Individuals from both groups processed di and tri-syllables similarly. No difference between groups (no age effect) was observed for any N-Back parameters: total score, span, number of intrusions, in either di or tri-syllable presentation. Conclusion: the processing capacity of 5 elements in phonological working memory was not affected by age.
Dementia caregiver burden in a Brazilian sample: Association to neuropsychiatric symptoms
Authors: Fialho Patrícia Paes Araujo , Koenig Anne Marise , Santos Etelvina Lucas dos , Guimarães Henrique Cerqueira , Beato Rogério Gomes , Carvalho Viviane Amaral , Machado Thais Helena , Caramelli Paulo
Published: July 2016

Abstract Taking care of elderly demented individuals, especially when they present behavioral changes, can be very exhaustive for both family and caregivers. Generally, this leads to changes in the family lifestyle, and the caregiver must deal with a range of problems. Information on this topic in Latin America, including Brazil, remains scarce. Objective: To investigate the relationship between the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms and the level of caregiver burden in a group of Brazilian elderly with dementia. Methods: The Brazilian versions of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI) and of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) were administered to a total of 83 family-caregivers of patients with dementia followed at a university-affiliated outpatient clinic. Pearson's correlations were calculated to measure the level of association between the scores on both instruments. Results: Among the caregivers, 83.1% were women, and had a mean age of 55.6±12.8 years. The ZBI scores ranged from 3 to 79 (mean=31.4). Patients' NPI scores ranged from 0 to 102 (mean=26.9), consistent with a significant degree of behavioral manifestations in most patients. A significant positive correlation was found between ZBI and NPI scores (r=0.402; p=0.000). Conclusion: The presence and severity of behavioral manifestations assessed by the NPI were associated with a high level of caregiver burden in this sample of Brazilian elderly with dementia.
The clinical use of quantitative EEG in cognitive disorders
Authors: Kanda Paulo Afonso de Medeiros , Anghinah Renato , Smidth Magali Taino , Silva Jorge Mario
Published: July 2016

Abstract The primary diagnosis of most cognitive disorders is clinically based, but the EEG plays a role in evaluating, classifying and following some of these disorders. There is an ongoing debate over routine use of qEEG. Although many findings regarding the clinical use of quantitative EEG are awaiting validation by independent investigators while confirmatory clinical follow-up studies are also needed, qEEG can be cautiously used by a skilled neurophysiologist in cognitive dysfunctions to improve the analysis of background activity, slow/fast focal activity, subtle asymmetries, spikes and waves, as well as in longitudinal follow-ups.
Does prevention for Alzheimer's disease exist?
Authors: Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi
Published: July 2016

Abstract The prevention of Alzheimer's disease is a growing public health concern amidst an ageing population. Meanwhile, there is no effective or curative treatment available where prevention could greatly reduce health costs. This review was based on reports of potential preventive factors, including modifiable lifestyle factors, as well as preventive pharmacological strategies. Although the present review was not systematic, the reports selected from PubMed using "Alzheimer's disease" and "prevention" as key-words, allow us to affirm that pursuing a healthy lifestyle; physical, cognitive, leisure activities; good social engagement; a high consumption of fish, low consumption of dietary fat and moderate consumption of wine, and control of vascular risk factors appear to be potential factors for delaying dementia.
Visuospatial function in early Alzheimer's disease: Preliminary study
Authors: Quental Natália Bezerra Mota , Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi , Bueno Orlando Francisco Amodeo
Published: July 2016

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia, accounting for 55% of all cases. AD patients gradually lose functional capacity, manifesting deficits in attention, language, temporal and direction orientation, mood, socialization and visuospatial function. The visuospatial function entails identification of a stimulus and its location. AD patients can present deficits in visuo-spatial skills during initial stages of the disease, but in the course of clinical evolution this function can become severely impaired. One of the neuropsychological tests indicated to evaluate the visuospatial function is the VOSP (The Visual Object and Space Perception Battery). Objectives: The aim of this preliminary study was to detect visuospatial dysfunction in early AD patients using the VOSP, and assess its sensitivity in a Brazilian sample. Results: Controls outperformed AD patients on all neuropsychological evaluations, except the Corsi block tapping task and cancellation task-errors. The AD patients performed significantly worse on all object perception and two space perception (Number Location and Cube Analyses) subtests of the VOSP. Conclusion: The AD patients demonstrated impaired visuospatial function in several aspects. The subtests of the VOSP were found to be sensitive for detecting this impairment in mild cases.
Cognitive rehabilitation: Literature review based on levels of evidence
Authors: Manzine Patricia Regina , Pavarini Sofia Cristina Iost
Published: July 2016

Abstract The aim of this study was to review the scientific publications on cognitive rehabilitation in Alzheimer's disease by year published and methodology employed. The principles of systematic review by the Brazilian Cochrane Center were used. Reviews conducted by this Center were identified together with those held on the LILACS and Medline scientific databases. Nine levels of evidence were considered for analysis and a total of 37 articles were found. The results showed a growing number of publications from 2001 onwards, with majority being published early this decade. Few studies have been published on cognitive rehabilitation, with an average of three articles published per year during the study period (1985-2008). The highest levels of evidence were observed in the more recently published studies. Cognitive rehabilitation can yield greater benefits in rehabilitating patients when associated with other forms of intervention. The latest studies demonstrating greater scientific evidence concluded that results remain limited and that further studies on the topic are needed.
Diffusion tensor imaging for Alzheimer's disease: A review of concepts and potential clinical applicability
Authors: Vasconcelos Luciano de Gois , Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi , Jackowiski Andrea Parolin , Bueno Orlando Francisco Amodeo
Published: July 2016

Abstract In view of the urgent need to identify an early and specific biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD), a PubMed database search was performed using the terms "Alzheimer disease" and "Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging" to enable review of Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) concepts and its potential clinical role in AD evaluation. Detailed analysis of selected abstracts showed that the main DTI measures, fractional anisotropy and apparent diffusion coefficient, indicators of fiber tract integrity, provide a direct assessment of WM fibers and may be used as a new biomarker for AD. These findings were found to correlate with cognitive assessments, rates of AD progression and were also able to differentiate among groups including mild cognitive impairment, AD, and other dementias. Despite several consistent DTI findings in AD patients, there is still a lack of knowledge and studies on the DTI field. DTI is not yet ready for clinical use, and requires extensive further research in order to achieve this goal.
A review of Constraint-Induced Therapy applied to aphasia rehabilitation in stroke patients
Authors: Balardin Joana Bisol , Miotto Eliane Correa
Published: July 2016

Abstract Constraint-induced aphasia therapy (CIAT) is an intensive therapy model based on the forced use of verbal oral language as the sole channel of communication, while any alternative communication mode such as writing, gesturing or pointing are prevented. Objectives: This critical review involved the analysis of studies examining CIAT applied to stroke patients. Methods and Results: Using keywords, the Medline database was searched for relevant studies published between 2001 and 2008 (Medline 2001-2008). The critical evaluation of the articles was based on the classifications described by the ASNS (Cicerone adaptation). Two studies were categorized as level Ia, two as level II and one study as level IV. Conclusions: These recommendations should be interpreted with caution, given the small number of studies involved, but serve as a guideline for future studies in aphasia therapy.
S-TOFHLA in mild Alzheimer's disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment patients as a measure of functional literacy: Preliminary study
Authors: Oliveira Maira Okada de , Porto Cláudia Sellitto , Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi
Published: July 2016

Abstract The greatest difficulty in diagnosing cognitive loss in our population is the diversity of its education which has a broad spectrum ranging from illiteracy, functional illiteracy and different degrees of literacy, even in those with the same level of schooling. Objectives: To verify whether there is impairment on the S-TOFHLA among individuals with AD and MCI compared with healthy controls, and to compare performance on the S-TOFHLA performance with neuropsychological tests and the scores achieved on the Raven's Colored Matrices and Vocabulary and Block Design (WAIS-III) as a measure of estimated intellectual level. Methods: 59 subjects: controls (n=23; age 70.96±8.31y; schooling 10.2±5.87y; 6 men), MCI patients (n=11; age 74.18±8.12y; schooling 7.55±4.32y; 5 men) and AD patients (n=25; age 76.16±4.96y; schooling 7.32±4.78y; 10 men) were submitted to neuropsychological assessment, S-TOFHLA and functional evaluation. Results: Differences on BD, Raven and Estimated IQ were found between controls and MCI patients as well as controls and AD patients. On the S-TOFHLA, differences were found between MCI and AD patients, controls and AD patients, but not between control and MCI groups. S-TOFHLA performance correlated strongly with schooling and all neuropsychological tests, except Clock Drawing. Conclusions: The S-TOFHLA seems to be a useful measure for determining the level of literacy in MCI patients, but not in AD patients. S-TOFHLA performance was more closely associated with neuropsychological test scores than were years of education and seems to be a good predictor of level of literacy. The Vocabulary subtest proved to be uninfluenced by the disease process in early stages and preserved in both MCI and AD patients, showing that semantic memory and crystallized intelligence are preserved.
Brazilian caregiver version of the Apathy Scale
Authors: Guimarães Henrique Cerqueira , Fialho Patricia Paes Araujo , Carvalho Viviane Amaral , Santos Etelvina Lucas dos , Caramelli Paulo
Published: July 2016

Abstract No Brazilian version of a specific scale for evaluating apathy in dementia is available. Objectives: To introduce a translated version of the Apathy Scale (AS) for use with caregivers. Methods: The instrument was formally translated and then administered to the caregivers of a small sample of dementia patients, in order to assess scale comprehensibility and make final adjustments. The scale was subsequently administered to the caregivers of a second, independent sample of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The content validity of the scale was tested by correlating the AS scores with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) - apathy sub-score and Disability Assessment in Dementia (DAD) total scores. Results: The first sample consisted of eleven subjects with dementia, most of whom had AD. The second sample comprised twenty patients with probable or possible AD (10 with mild dementia), a mean age of 84.1±5.8 years, and 2.2±1.6 years of schooling. The AS scores correlated with both NPI-apathy sub-score (r=0.756, p=0.001) and DAD total scores (r=-0.793, p=0.0005). Conclusions: The final version had good comprehensibility and correlated strongly with standardized apathy and functional activities of daily living measures.
Characteristics of falls in mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Kato-Narita Eliane Mayumi , Radanovic Marcia
Published: July 2016

Abstract The occurrence of falls in AD patients is frequent, and their consequences are cognitive decline, fractures and loss of independence. Many studies have addressed fall risk factors in order to establish effective prevention strategies. Objectives: We describe the frequency and characteristics of falls in a sample of AD patients and their main risk factors. Methods: We evaluated 40 subjects without cognitive impairment, and 45 AD patients, graded as CDR 1 and CDR 2. Results: Environmental hazard risks were the most frequent cause associated with falls in CDR 1 (41.4%) and CDR 2 (46.7%). Instability (31%) and dizziness (17.2%) were frequent causes of falls in the CDR 1 group, and this group showed the highest rate of recurrence (28%). In both groups of AD patients, indoors falls predominated (70.3 and 80% respectively for CDR 1 and 2). In our sample, the remaining factors studied were not associated with increasing risk for falls. Conclusions: These results reinforce the hypothesis that falls in AD are mutifactorial and that their risk factors are highly interconnected. Preventative strategies considering all aspects should be implemented most crucially eliminating environmental risks, maintaining constant presence of caregivers, and providing physical and functional stimulation, both in mild and moderate AD.
Medication dispensing as an opportunity for patient counseling and approach to drug-related problems
Authors: Ferreira Tatyana Xavier Almeida Matteucci , Prudente Luciana Resende , Dewulf Nathalie de Lourdes Souza , Provin Mércia Pandolfo , Mastroianni Patrícia de Carvalho , Silveira Erika Aparecida da , Amaral Rita Goreti
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT The objective was to describe and evaluate a model of drug dispensing developed and implemented in a community pharmacy in Brazil. This was a descriptive, observational, quasi-experimental study performed in the period between 21 January 2013 and 20 April 2013. The model was evaluated and described in terms of three parameters: structure, process and outcome. The description and assessment of each parameter was performed as follows: (I) Structure: profile of patients, pharmacist's professional profile, physical facility, informational material; (II) Process: drug-related problems, pharmaceutical interventions performed, results of pharmaceutical interventions; (III) Outcome: patient knowledge of medications. Dispensing service improved patient knowledge of medications (p < 0.05), which was associated with pharmacotherapy complexity (p < 0.05). The main problems identified were related to lack of patient knowledge regarding their medication (52.9%). Pharmaceutical interventions were mostly performed directly to the patients (86.3%) by verbal (95.4%) and written (68.2%) information, and most of the problems were completely solved (62.7%). The medicine dispensing model was able to identify and solve drug-related problems and promote an improvement in patient knowledge about medication.
Development of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems with olive vegetable oil for cutaneous application
Authors: Silva Silas Arandas Monteiro e , Lacerda Rísia , Bernegossi Jéssica , Chorilli Marlus , Leonardi Gislaine Ricci
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Liquid-Crystalline Systems represent active compounds delivery systems that may be able to overcome the physical barrier of the skin, especially represented by the stratum corneum. To obtain these systems, aqueous and oily components are used with surfactants. Of the different association structures in such systems, the liquid-crystalline offer numerous advantages to a topical product. This manuscript presents the development of liquid-crystalline systems consisting, in which the oil component is olive oil, its rheological characterizations, and the location of liquid crystals in its phase map. Cytotoxic effects were evaluated using J-774 mouse macrophages as the cellular model. A phase diagram to mix three components with different proportions was constructed. Two liquid crystalline areas were found with olive oil in different regions in the ternary diagram with two nonionic surfactants, called SLC1 (S1) and SLC2 (S2). These systems showed lamellar liquid crystals that remained stable during the entire analysis time. The systems were also characterized rheologically with pseudoplastic behavior without thixotropy. The texture and bioadhesion assays showed that formulations were similar statistically (p < 0.05), indicating that the increased amount of water in S2 did not interfere with the bioadhesive properties of the systems. In vitro cytotoxic assays showed that formulations did not present cytotoxicity. Olive oil-based systems may be a promising platform for skin delivery of drugs.
O SENTIDO DEMOCRÁTICO E CORPORATIVO DA NÃO-CONSTITUIÇÃO DE 1937
Authors: Abreu Luciano Aronne de
Published: August 2016

Resumo Ainda hoje, há uma carência de estudos a respeito da Constituição de 1937, talvez devido a um comum desprezo de juristas e historiadores por esse documento. De um lado, porém, entende-se que ele teria representado uma síntese das principais ideias jurídicas e políticas defendidas por intelectuais como Oliveira Viana e Francisco Campos; de outro lado, teria também representado um momento de institucionalização e legitimação de um regime forte. Diante desse quadro, tem-se aqui por objetivo analisar o possível sentido de legitimidade jurídica e política da Constituição de 1937 e seu caráter democrático e corporativo, de acordo com seus próprios termos e com a definição dos intelectuais acima referidos.
Evolution of Management and Outcomes in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: A Population-Based Analysis
Authors: Olszewski Adam J. , Treon Steven P. , Castillo Jorge J.
Published: July 2016

Introduction.

Waldenström macroglobulinemia/lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (WM) is a rare lymphoma affecting older patients. Its management largely relies on small phase II trials and it is unclear how their results translate into clinical practice in the community.

Method.

We evaluated changes in the presentation, management, and survival among 2,666 Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with WM between 1994 and 2011, using Medicare claims linked to Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results data.

Results.

Prevalence of transfusions, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neuropathy at diagnosis significantly increased over time, whereas the use of plasmapheresis was low (2.5%) and stable. The proportion of patients starting chemotherapy within 1 year of WM diagnosis increased from 39% in 1994 to 62% in 2011 (p < .0001). Treatments based on classic alkylators and purine analogs predominated in the 1990s, but were quickly replaced by rituximab-containing regimens after 2000. Rituximab monotherapy has been prescribed for >50% of patients since 2004, and combination chemoimmunotherapy for a further 30%. Most patients initiating multiagent regimens in 2012–2013 received rituximab with bortezomib or bendamustine. These changes were accompanied by significant improvements in overall and WM-related survival, but also by a significant increase in cost of chemotherapy. Mean Medicare payments for chemotherapy drugs accrued in the first year of treatment rose from $9,464 in 1994–2000 to $29,490 after 2008.

Conclusion.

Hematologists have rapidly adopted innovative, expensive therapies for WM before completion of randomized trials. This underscores the need to assess the comparative value of such therapies in rare malignancies through a combination of clinical and observational data.
Delivering London 2012: utilities
Authors: Maybank Ruari , Roe Jackie , Guest Ian , Laidlaw Bruce , Hatton Daniel
Published: August 2016

The UK Olympic Delivery Authority is responsible for providing infrastructure to serve the biggest sporting event in the world and support the long-term regeneration of east London. The scale of development for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games presented an opportunity to implement a sustainable, low-carbondioxide development. This paper describes the scope of the utilities programme and the design and procurement strategies that were employed and identifies some of the challenges that have been overcome to deliver utilities infrastructure to a tight programme and with significant private-sector investment.