bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perfil dos indivíduos que retornaram ao trabalho após três anos da alta da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva
Authors: Faria Luciano Magno de Almeida , Soares Jhenifer Bispo , Oliveira Alinne Alves
Published: May 2023

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil dos indivíduos que retornaram ao trabalho após três anos da alta da unidade de terapia intensiva e determinar o preditores de incapacidade do retorno ao trabalho. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, quantitativo e transversal, de indivíduos que receberam alta hospitalar após internamento na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI), e que exerciam alguma atividade laboral antes da internação. Os dados foram registrados em duas etapas: a primeira, a partir dos prontuários fisioterapêutico e médico, e a segunda, uma busca ativa aos pacientes através do contato ou endereço coletados no prontuário. Foi aplicado o teste exato de Fisher para comparar os dados categóricos e o teste Phi para medir a associação entre as variáveis. Resultados: O perfil dos indivíduos que retornaram ao trabalho foi de indivíduos jovens (39 ± 17,2 anos), que apresentaram elevado score na Escala de Coma de Glasgow (14 ± 2,2) durante a internação, que, em sua maioria, receberam o diagnóstico médico relacionados à comprometimentos dos sistemas respiratório e digestório (28,6%), e que permaneceram em média 7,4 ± 10 dias em ventilação mecânica. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que, o retorno ao trabalho após três anos da alta da UTI, ocorreu com maior frequência em indivíduos com idade inferior a 40 anos, que apresentaram um nível de consciência satisfatório durante o período de internação, e que permaneceram por menos tempo em ventilação mecânica. Além disto, o retorno ao trabalho se deu em indivíduos com diagnósticos distintos, porém aqueles com comprometimentos respiratórios e digestórios foram mais frequentes.
Kekuatan Karakter pada Remaja Kristen dalam Pergaulan di Era Milenial: Kajian Pendidikan Agama Kristen yang Menghidupkan
Authors: Penta Astari  , Joseph Lourine S.
Published: May 2023

Generasi milenial adalah generasi yang hidup dengan kemajuan ilmu teknologi yang dapat mempengaruhi karakter mereka. Pergaulan remaja yang serba instan, pergaulan bebas, merokok, narkoba merupakan hal-hal yang muncul dalam kehidupan remaja dewasa ini. Berbarengan dengan hal itu, spiritualitas seorang remaja sangat berhubungan erat dengan Pendidikan agama yang diterimanya, baik di rumah, di gereja maupun di sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana spiritualitas dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen yang menghidupkan memberi kekuatan pada karakter remaja di tengah pergaulan mereka. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka untuk menemukan bahwa spiritualitas dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen yang menghidupkan dapat memberikan kekuatan terhadap karakter remaja Kristen dalam pergaulan mereka, sehingga mereka tidak kehilangan identitas. Hasil dari penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa Pendidikan agama yang menghidupkan memberikan pertumbuhan yang kuat terhadap spiritualitas remaja dalam menghadapi pergaulan mereka. Pendidikan Agama Kristen dapat menolong seorang remaja untuk mengalami pertumbuhan spiritual, melalui gaya hidup atau percontohan dari orang tua, guru atau tokoh agama. Spiritulitas yang bertumbuh diikuti dengan Pendidikan Agama Kristen yang menghidupkan memberi suatu kekuatan yang menolong generasi milenial untuk dapat tetap kuat dan memiliki karakter yang baik dalam menghadapi dampak-dampak buruk dari pergaulan mereka.
PELATIHAN TATA CARA BERSUCI KEPADA ANAK-ANAK DAN REMAJA DI DESA PANTAI HARAPAN JAYA
Authors: Ubaidillah Ubaidillah , Ghofur Abdul , Irham Irham
Published: May 2023

Worship is the main task that Allah SWT has entrusted to humans while standing on earth. There are many ways of worship, which if summarized into two types, namely mahdhah worship (pure / without intermediaries) and ghairu mahdhah worship (impure / through intermediaries) where worship performed by Muslims has several conditions so that their worship is accepted, one of which is purification. Based on the analysis of the problems received by the author from the community in Pantai Harapanjaya Village, there are still many children and adolescents who do not fully understand and practice the correct procedures for purification according to the guidance of Islamic law. Because of the problems that exist, the author uses the lecture and demonstration method on the material for correct purification training procedures according to the guidance of Islamic law which are held in two meetings, where the first meeting uses the lecture method which is held at the Al-Husna Mosque in Bulak Hamlet and the second meeting uses the lecture method. demonstration method carried out in the Saung Ilmu Bulak Hamlet. The results of the conclusions from these two activities include, firstly increasing understanding and increasing children and youth in carrying out the practice of purification properly according to Islamic sharia guidelines and secondly increasing trust in the community and parents towards children and adolescents that they have been able to become the golden generation to continue the struggle for progress in Harapanjaya Beach Village with the initial capital of having a pure soul from an early age.
Accuracy and Similarity of Team Situation Awareness in Simulated Air Combat
Authors: Mansikka Heikki , Harris Don , Virtanen Kai
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND: Fighter pilots’ Team Situation Awareness (TSA) has been studied from the perspective of TSA accuracy, which represents how closely the pilots’ collective knowledge is aligned with the real world. When TSA accuracy is low, the pilots can have similarly
or dissimilarly inaccurate SA. The concept of TSA similarity represents the similarity of team members’ collective knowledge. This paper investigates how TSA accuracy and similarity of F/A-18 pilots are associated with performance.METHOD: Data were extracted from simulated
air combat missions. Performance and TSA were investigated in 58 engagements. The accuracy and similarity of pilots’ SA were elicited and performance was evaluated. TSA accuracy and similarity were analyzed with respect to the flights’ performance, and the independent variables
were events in which the flights initiated engagements with enemy aircraft versus events in which the flights were engaged by enemy aircraft.RESULTS: With the mentioned events as the main effect, there were statistically significant differences at all levels of TSA accuracy and
similarity. With performance as the main effect, there were also significant differences at all levels of TSA accuracy and similarity. TSA accuracy and similarity were superior in offensive engagements and when engagements were successful.DISCUSSION: The main contribution of this
paper is the extension of the concept of TSA similarity to air combat: both TSA similarity and accuracy were higher when the flight was engaging the enemy aircraft, compared to situations when the flight itself was being engaged. The results also suggest that low TSA accuracy and similarity
have a statistically significantly negative impact on the flights’ performance.Mansikka H, Harris D, Virtanen K. Accuracy and similarity of team situation awareness in simulated air combat. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(6):429–436.
Tolerance of Centrifuge-Simulated Commercial Spaceflight in a Subject with Hemophilia A
Authors: Reeves Isaiah A. , Blue Rebecca S. , Auñon-Chancellor Serena , Harrison Michael F. , Shah Ronak , Powers William E.
Published: May 2023

INTRODUCTION: With increasing engagement of commercial spaceflight participants in spaceflight activities, the evaluation of individuals with medical conditions not previously characterized in the spaceflight environment is of particular interest. Factors such as acceleration
forces experienced during launch, reentry, and landing of spacecraft could pose an altered risk profile in some individuals due to known disease. Bleeding diatheses present a unique concern in the spaceflight environment given hypergravity exposure and, particularly, the potential for injury
resulting from transient or impact acceleration.CASE REPORT: A 26-yr-old Caucasian man with severe hemophilia A and no detectable endogenous Factor VIII (FVIII) volunteered for participation in hypergravity exposures simulating spaceflight. His treatment regimen included 50 IU ·
kg−1 FVIII-Fc fusion protein intravenous administration every 96 h, with supplemental FVIII administration as needed for injury or bleeding. The subject experienced two profiles at the National Aerospace Training and Research Center (NASTAR), with maximum exposure +4.0 Gz,
+4.5 Gx, 6.1 G resultant, and maximum onset rate <0.5 Gz · s−1 and +1 Gx · s−1. The subject reported no abnormal events during the profiles other than brief mild vertigo. No petechial hemorrhage, ecchymosis,
or other bleeding was noted during or after profiles. Supplemental FVIII was not required before, during, or after exposure.DISCUSSION: Inherited bleeding disorders present several potential concerns that must be evaluated prior to spaceflight participation. Cautious review and
management of medical history, adherence and barriers to treatment, duration of spaceflight and longitudinal management concerns, and a thorough and detailed risk/benefit assessment may provide a future pathway for inclusion of individuals with hematological disorders in commercial spaceflight.Reeves
IA, Blue RS, Auñon-Chancellor S, Harrison MF, Shah R, Powers WE. Tolerance of centrifuge-simulated commercial spaceflight in a subject with hemophilia A. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(6):470–474.
Celluloid Activist: The Life and Times of Vito Russo
Authors: Schiavi Michael
Published: May 2023

Celluloid Activist is the biography of gay-rights giant Vito Russo, the man who wrote The Celluloid Closet: Homosexuality in the Movies, commonly regarded as the foundational text of gay and lesbian film studies and one of the first to be widely read. But Russo was much more than a pioneering journalist and author. A founding member of the Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) and cofounder of the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP), Russo lived at the center of the most important gay cultural turning points in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. His life as a cultural Zelig intersects a crucial period of social change, and in some ways his story becomes the story of a developing gay revolution in America. A frequent participant at “zaps” and an organizer of Gay Activists Alliance (GAA) cabarets and dances—which gave the New York gay and lesbian community its first social alternative to Mafia-owned bars—Russo made his most enduring contribution to the GAA with his marshaling of “Movie Nights,” the forerunners to his worldwide Celluloid Closet lecture tours that gave gay audiences their first community forum for the dissection of gay imagery in mainstream film.
Eminent Maricones: Arenas, Lorca, Puig, and Me
Authors: Manrique Jaime
Published: May 2023

Jaime Manrique weaves into his own memoir the lives of three important twentieth-century Hispanic writers: the Argentine Manuel Puig, author of Kiss of the Spider Woman; the Cuban Reinaldo Arenas, author of Before Night Falls; and Spanish poet and playwright Federico García Lorca.
1001 Beds: Performances, Essays, and Travels
Authors: Miller Tim
Published: May 2023

For a quarter century, Tim Miller has worked at the intersection of performance, politics, and identity, using his personal experiences to create entertaining but pointed explorations of life as a gay American man–from the perils and joys of sex and relationships to the struggles of political disenfranchisement and artistic censorship. This intimate autobiographical collage of Miller’s professional and personal life reveals one of the celebrated creators of a crucial contemporary art form and a tireless advocate for the American dream of political equality for all citizens. Here we have the most complete Miller yet–a raucous collection of his performance scripts, essays, interviews, journal entries, and photographs, as well as his most recent stage piece Us. This volume brings together the personal, communal, and national political strands that interweave through his work from its beginnings and ultimately define Miller’s place as a contemporary artist, activist, and gay man.
Electrostatic quantum dark energy in a seven-dimensional universe
Authors: Kesanasetty Sasidhar
Published: May 2023

This paper explains the dark energy and acceleration of the universe by quantizing the space in the hidden dimensions which provides the basis and background for the gravitational force through the curvature of space-time. Space-time is considered to be made of a four-dimensional elastic grid in a seven-dimensional universe in which matter also expands along with the universe. Each cube of the grid is considered a quantum of hidden three-dimensional space of Planck volume containing Planck charge, which makes the universe seven-dimensional. The dark energy is explained by the electrostatic repulsion between the Planck charges in each quantum of the hidden space. Mathematically, this electrostatic repulsion is related to the Hubble constant to explain the accelerated expansion, dark energy, and the increase in cosmological potential energy of the matter.
Riemann Hypothesis on Grönwall's Function
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: May 2023

Grönwall's function $G$ is defined for all natural numbers $n>1$ by $G(n)=\frac{\sigma(n)}{n \cdot \log \log n}$ where $\sigma(n)$ is the sum of the divisors of $n$ and $\log$ is the natural logarithm. We require the properties of extremely abundant numbers, that is to say left to right maxima of $n \mapsto G(n)$. We also use the colossally abundant and hyper abundant numbers. There are several statements equivalent to the famous Riemann hypothesis. We state that the Riemann hypothesis is true if and only if there exist infinitely many consecutive colossally abundant numbers $3 \leq N < N'$ such that $G(N)\leqG(N')$. In addition, we prove that the Riemann hypothesis is true when there exist infinitely many hyper abundant numbers $n$ with any parameter $u > 1$. We claim that there could be infinitely many hyper abundant numbers with any parameter $u > 1$ and thus, the Riemann hypothesis would be true.
Application strategy of finite element analysis in artificial knee arthroplasty
Authors: Zhang Zi-Heng , Qi Yan-Song , Wei Bao-Gang , Bao Hu-Ri-Cha , Xu Yong-Sheng
Published: May 2023

Artificial knee arthroplasty, as the most effective method for the treatment of end-stage joint diseases such as knee osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, is widely used in the field of joint surgery. At present, Finite element analysis (FEA) has been widely used in artificial knee replacement biomechanical research. This review presents the current hotspots for the application of FEA in the field of artificial knee replacement by reviewing the existing research literature and, by comparison, summarizes guidance and recommendations for artificial knee replacement surgery. We believe that lower contact stress can produce less wear and complications when components move against each other, in the process of total knee arthroplasty (TKA), mobile-bearing prostheses reduce the contact surface stress of the tibial-femoral joint compared with fixed-bearing prostheses, thus reducing the wear of the polyethylene insert. Compared with mechanical alignment, kinematic alignment reduces the maximum stress and maximum strain of the femoral component and polyethylene insert in TKA, and the lower stress reduces the wear of the joint contact surface and prolongs the life of the prosthesis. In the unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), the femoral and tibial components of mobile-bearing prostheses have better conformity, which can reduce the wear of the components, while local stress concentration caused by excessive overconformity of fixed-bearing prostheses should be avoided in UKA to prevent accelerated wear of the components, the mobile-bearing prosthesis maintained in the coronal position from 4° varus to 4° valgus and the fixed-bearing prosthesis implanted in the neutral position (0°) are recommended. In revision total knee arthroplasty (RTKA), the stem implant design should maintain the best balance between preserving bone and reducing stress around the prosthesis after implantation. Compared with cemented stems, cementless press-fit femoral stems show higher fretting, for tibial plateau bone defects, porous metal blocks are more effective in stress dispersion. Finally, compared with traditional mechanical research methods, FEA methods can yield relatively accurate simulations, which could compensate for the deficiencies of traditional mechanics in knee joint research. Thus, FEA has great potential for applications in the field of medicine.
Can we reposition finite element human body model like dummies?
Authors: Tang Jisi , Zhou Qing , Shen Wenxuan , Chen Wentao , Tan Puyuan
Published: May 2023

Rapidly repositioning finite element human body models (FE-HBMs) with high biofidelity is an important but notorious problem in vehicle safety and injury biomechanics. We propose to reposition the FE-HBM in a dummy-like manner, i.e., through pose parameters prescribing joint configurations. Skeletons are reconfigured along the trajectories inferred from model-specific bone geometries. We leverage differential geometry to steer equidistant moves along the congruent articulated bone surfaces. Soft tissues are subsequently adapted to reconfigured skeletons through a series of operations. The morph–contact algorithm allows the joint capsule to slide and wrap around the repositioned skeletons. Nodes on the deformed capsule are redistributed following an optimization-based approach to enhance element regularity. The soft tissues are transformed accordingly via thin plate spline. The proposed toolbox can reposition the Total Human Body Model for Safety (THUMS) in a few minutes on a whole-body level. The repositioned models are simulation-ready, with mesh quality maintained on a comparable level to the baseline. Simulations of car-to-pedestrian impact with repositioned models exhibiting active collision-avoidance maneuvers are demonstrated to illustrate the efficacy of our method. This study offers an intuitive, effective, and efficient way to reposition FE-HBMs. It benefits all posture-sensitive works, e.g., out-of-position occupant safety and adaptive pedestrian protection. Pose parameters, as an intermediate representation, join our method with recently prosperous perception and reconstruction techniques of the human body. In the future, it is promising to build a high-fidelity digital twin of real-world accidents using the proposed method and investigate human biomechanics therein, which is of profound significance in reshaping transportation safety studies in the future.
Establishment of the fetal-maternal interface: developmental events in human implantation and placentation
Authors: Huang Chien-Chu , Hsueh Ya-Wen , Chang Chia-Wei , Hsu Hsi-Chen , Yang Tung-Chuan , Lin Wu-Chou , Chang Hsun-Ming
Published: May 2023

Early pregnancy is a complex and well-orchestrated differentiation process that involves all the cellular elements of the fetal-maternal interface. Aberrant trophoblast-decidual interactions can lead to miscarriage and disorders that occur later in pregnancy, including preeclampsia, intrauterine fetal growth restriction, and preterm labor. A great deal of research on the regulation of implantation and placentation has been performed in a wide range of species. However, there is significant species variation regarding trophoblast differentiation as well as decidual-specific gene expression and regulation. Most of the relevant information has been obtained from studies using mouse models. A comprehensive understanding of the physiology and pathology of human implantation and placentation has only recently been obtained because of emerging advanced technologies. With the derivation of human trophoblast stem cells, 3D-organoid cultures, and single-cell analyses of differentiated cells, cell type-specific transcript profiles and functions were generated, and each exhibited a unique signature. Additionally, through integrative transcriptomic information, researchers can uncover the cellular dysfunction of embryonic and placental cells in peri-implantation embryos and the early pathological placenta. In fact, the clinical utility of fetal-maternal cellular trafficking has been applied for the noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidies and the prediction of pregnancy complications. Furthermore, recent studies have proposed a viable path toward the development of therapeutic strategies targeting placenta-enriched molecules for placental dysfunction and diseases.
Enhancer RNAs in transcriptional regulation: recent insights
Authors: Chen Qi , Zeng Yaxin , Kang Jinjin , Hu Minghui , Li Nianle , Sun Kun , Zhao Yu
Published: May 2023

Enhancers are a class of cis-regulatory elements in the genome that instruct the spatiotemporal transcriptional program. Last decade has witnessed an exploration of non-coding transcripts pervasively transcribed from active enhancers in diverse contexts, referred to as enhancer RNAs (eRNAs). Emerging evidence unequivocally suggests eRNAs are an important layer in transcriptional regulation. In this mini-review, we summarize the well-established regulatory models for eRNA actions and highlight the recent insights into the structure and chemical modifications of eRNAs underlying their functions. We also explore the potential roles of eRNAs in transcriptional condensates.
Role of gut microbiota and bacterial metabolites in mucins of colorectal cancer
Authors: Gu Ming , Yin Weixiang , Zhang Jiaming , Yin Junfeng , Tang Xiaofei , Ling Jie , Tang Zhijie , Yin Weijuan , Wang Xiangjun , Ni Qing , Zhu Yunxiang , Chen Tuo
Published: May 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health burden, accounting for approximately 10% of all new cancer cases worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that the crosstalk between the host mucins and gut microbiota is associated with the occurrence and development of CRC. Mucins secreted by goblet cells not only protect the intestinal epithelium from microorganisms and invading pathogens but also provide a habitat for commensal bacteria. Conversely, gut dysbiosis results in the dysfunction of mucins, allowing other commensals and their metabolites to pass through the intestinal epithelium, potentially triggering host responses and the subsequent progression of CRC. In this review, we summarize how gut microbiota and bacterial metabolites regulate the function and expression of mucin in CRC and novel treatment strategies for CRC.
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alleviates the pathological injuries in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum by modulating intestinal microbiome
Authors: Chen Hao , Sun Ruizheng , Wang Jingyan , Yao Siqi , Batool Syeda Sundas , Yu Zheng , Huang Shuaiqin , Huang Jing
Published: May 2023

Schistosoma japonicum causes serious pathological organ damage and alteration of the intestinal microbiome in the mammalian host, threatening the health of millions of people in China. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has been reported to be able to alleviate the damage to the gut and liver and maintain the homeostasis of the intestinal microenvironment. However, it was unclear whether B. amyloliquefaciens could alleviate the hepatic and intestinal symptoms caused by S. japonicum. In this study, the intragastric administration of B. amyloliquefaciens was performed to treat S. japonicum-infected mice during the acute phase. Histopathological analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to evaluate the pathological damage and changes in the intestinal microbiome. The results of the study showed that B. amyloliquefaciens treatment significantly reduced the degree of granuloma and fibrosis in infected mice. Additionally, recovery of diversity in the intestinal microbiome, decrease in the relative abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia–Shigella, and reshaping of the interactive network between genera in the intestine were also observed after treatment with B. amyloliquefaciens. Our findings indicated that treatment with B. amyloliquefaciens effectively alleviated the pathological injuries of the liver and intestine in mice infected with S. japonicum by modulating the intestinal microbiome, implying that this probiotic can function as an effective therapeutic agent against schistosomiasis. We hope our study will provide auxiliary strategies and methods for the early prevention of schistosomiasis japonica.
The role of infected epithelial cells in Chlamydia-associated fibrosis
Authors: Caven Liam T. , Carabeo Rey A.
Published: May 2023

Ocular, genital, and anogenital infection by the obligate intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis have been consistently associated with scar-forming sequelae. In cases of chronic or repeated infection of the female genital tract, infection-associated fibrosis of the fallopian tubes can result in ectopic pregnancy or infertility. In light of this urgent concern to public health, the underlying mechanism of C. trachomatis-associated scarring is a topic of ongoing study. Fibrosis is understood to be an outcome of persistent injury and/or dysregulated wound healing, in which an aberrantly activated myofibroblast population mediates hypertrophic remodeling of the basement membrane via deposition of collagens and other components of the extracellular matrix, as well as induction of epithelial cell proliferation via growth factor signaling. Initial study of infection-associated immune cell recruitment and pro-inflammatory signaling have suggested the cellular paradigm of chlamydial pathogenesis, wherein inflammation-associated tissue damage and fibrosis are the indirect result of an immune response to the pathogen initiated by host epithelial cells. However, recent work has revealed more direct routes by which C. trachomatis may induce scarring, such as infection-associated induction of growth factor signaling and pro-fibrotic remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Additionally, C. trachomatis infection has been shown to induce an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in host epithelial cells, prompting transdifferentiation into a myofibroblast-like phenotype. In this review, we summarize the field’s current understanding of Chlamydia-associated fibrosis, reviewing key new findings and identifying opportunities for further research.
Right ventricular dysfunction in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome receiving venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Brown Tyler N. , Brogan Thomas V.
Published: May 2023

Acute respiratory distress syndrome is characterized by non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, decreased pulmonary compliance, and abnormalities in gas exchange, especially hypoxemia. Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) who receive support with venovenous (V-V) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) usually have severe lung disease. Many patients with ARDS have associated pulmonary vascular injury which can result in elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and right heart dysfunction. Since V-V ECMO relies upon preserved cardiac function, right heart failure has important implications for patient evaluation, management, and outcomes. Worsening right heart function complicates ARDS and disease processes. Given the increasing use of ECMO to support patients with ARDS, an understanding of right ventricular-ECMO and cardiopulmonary interactions is essential for the clinician. A narrative review of the manifestations of right heart dysfunction, as well as diagnosis and management strategies for the patient with ARDS on ECMO, is provided.
Impact of early pericardial fluid chymase activation after cardiac surgery
Authors: Butts Brittany , Goeddel Lee A. , Zheng Jingyi , Pat Betty , Powell Pamela , Mobley James , Ahmad Sarfaraz , Steele Chad , McGiffin David , Davies James E. , George James F. , Melby Spencer J. , Ferrario Carlos M. , Dell’Italia Louis J.
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Chymase is a highly destructive serine protease rapidly neutralized in the circulation by protease inhibitors. Here we test whether pericardial fluid (PCF) chymase activation and other inflammatory biomarkers determine intensive care unit length of stay, and explore mechanisms of chymase delivery by extracellular vesicles to the heart.

Methods

PCF was collected from adult patients (17 on-pump; 13 off-pump) 4 h after cardiac surgery. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing chymase were injected into Sprague–Dawley rats to test for their ability to deliver chymase to the heart.

Results

The mean intensive care unit (ICU) stay and mean total length of stay was 2.17 ± 3.8 days and 6.41 ± 1.3 days respectively. Chymase activity and 32 inflammatory markers did not differ in on-pump vs. off-pump cardiac surgery. Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Morbidity and Mortality Score (STS-PROM), 4-hour post-surgery PCF chymase activity and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 6 (CXCL6) were all independent predictors of ICU and total hospital length of stay by univariate analysis. Mass spectrometry of baseline PCF shows the presence of serine protease inhibitors that neutralize chymase activity. The compartmentalization of chymase within and on the surface of PCF EVs was visualized by immunogold labeling and transmission electron microscopy. A chymase inhibitor prevented EV chymase activity (0.28 fmol/mg/min vs. 14.14 fmol/mg/min). Intravenous injection of PCF EVs obtained 24 h after surgery into Sprague Dawley rats shows diffuse human chymase uptake in the heart with extensive cardiomyocyte damage 4 h after injection.

Discussion

Early postoperative PCF chymase activation underscores its potential role in cardiac damage soon after on- or off-pump cardiac surgery. In addition, chymase in extracellular vesicles provides a protected delivery mechanism from neutralization by circulating serine protease inhibitors.
Longitudinal hemoglobin trajectories and acute kidney injury in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhu Shouqiang , Lu Peng , Liu Zhenran , Li Shaoyang , Li Peitong , Wei Bingdi , Li Jiayi , Wang Yupei
Published: May 2023

Object

The purpose of this study was to describe the longitudinal dynamic hemoglobin trajectories in patients undergoing cardiac surgery and to explore whether they provide a broader perspective in predicting AKI compared to traditional threshold values. Additionally, the interaction of red blood cell transfusion was also investigated.

Methods

The MIMIC-IV database was searched to identify patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was used to determine the hemoglobin trajectories in the first 72 h after ICU admission. The correlation between hemoglobin trajectories and AKI was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression and inverse probability of treatment weighting. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were created in the dataset to further validate previously reported thresholds.

Results

A total of 4,478 eligible patients were included in this study. Three hemoglobin trajectories were identified by GBTM, which were significantly different in the initial hemoglobin level and evolution pattern. Compared to the “the lowest, rising, and then declining” trajectory, patients in the “the highest, declining” and “medium, declining” trajectory groups had significantly lower AKI risk (OR 0.56; 95% CI 0.48, 0.67) and (OR 0.70; 95% CI 0.55, 0.90), respectively. ROC analysis yielded a disappointing result, with an AUC of 0.552, sensitivity of 0.25, and specificity of 0.86 when the hemoglobin threshold was set at 8 g/dl in the entire cohort. In the subgroup analysis of red blood cell transfusion, hemoglobin levels above 10 g/dl predicted higher AKI risk, and there was no correlation between hemoglobin trajectories and AKI in the non-red blood cell transfusion subgroup.

Conclusion

This study identified a hemoglobin trajectory that is associated with an increased risk of AKI after cardiac surgery. It is noteworthy that fixed hemoglobin thresholds should not be applied to all patient types. In patients receiving red blood cell transfusion, maintaining hemoglobin levels above 10 g/dl through transfusion was associated with an increased risk of AKI.
Modeling information diffusion in social media: data-driven observations
Authors: Iamnitchi Adriana , Hall Lawrence O. , Horawalavithana Sameera , Mubang Frederick , Ng Kin Wai , Skvoretz John
Published: May 2023

Accurately modeling information diffusion within and across social media platforms has many practical applications, such as estimating the size of the audience exposed to a particular narrative or testing intervention techniques for addressing misinformation. However, it turns out that real data reveal phenomena that pose significant challenges to modeling: events in the physical world affect in varying ways conversations on different social media platforms; coordinated influence campaigns may swing discussions in unexpected directions; a platform's algorithms direct who sees which message, which affects in opaque ways how information spreads. This article describes our research efforts in the SocialSim program of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. As formulated by DARPA, the intent of the SocialSim research program was “to develop innovative technologies for high-fidelity computational simulation of online social behavior ... [focused] specifically on information spread and evolution.” In this article we document lessons we learned over the 4+ years of the recently concluded project. Our hope is that an accounting of our experience may prove useful to other researchers should they attempt a related project.
Human thermo-physiological comfort assessment in Lisbon by local climate zones on very hot summer days
Authors: Reis Cláudia , Nouri A. Santos , Lopes António
Published: May 2023

Extreme heat is a current and future issue on urban areas, with negative impacts on health and quality of life (increasing morbidity and mortality rates). This paper analyses day (12:00–15:00 h) and nighttime (00:00–03:00 h) thermo-physiological comfort (TC) conditions by Local Climate Zones (LCZ) in Lisbon during a particular Local Weather Type (LWT), very hot summer days. For this, 13 different microscale sample areas were chosen covering urban and non-urban land cover classes (LCZs 1–3, 4–6, 8, 9, A and B). Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) and Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) were modeled on SkyHelios software for 163 days between 2008 and 2014. Results show that during the day all urban LCZ samples depict the same average TC conditions (average UTCI of 34°C—strong heat stress) and densely wooded areas are 2°C cooler (average UTCI of 32°C—moderate heat stress). However, compact areas (LCZs 1–3) with low sky view factor and some vegetation (street trees) display lower percentages of area with higher thermo-physiological discomfort (TD) levels (83% with strong heat stress against 98% in LCZs 8 and 9 and 100% in LCZs 4–6). When considering the hottest days (air temperatures equal or above 35°C—75th percentile), the moderate heat stress class disappears in all samples and the very strong heat stress class appears only on urban areas, occupying between 12% and 16% on LCZs 1–3, 10%–22% on LCZs 4–6, 16%–22% on LCZs 8 and 9 on LCZ 9. During the nighttime period all samples show no thermal stress, favoring nocturnal physiological recovery. TC conditions in Lisbon are strongly influenced by solar radiation and wind, which explains the need to increase the shading area, preferably by trees, and to promote and preserve ventilation paths.
Indications of marine benthos occurrence from multi-spectral multi-beam backscatter data: a case study in the North Sea
Authors: Bai Qian , Mestdagh Sebastiaan , Snellen Mirjam , Simons Dick G.
Published: May 2023

To facilitate the conservation of seafloor habitats and planning of offshore activities, there is a growing need for mapping marine benthos in an effective and efficient way. Acoustic data acquired by multi-beam echosounders (MBES) have been extensively used for large-scale and high-resolution seafloor characterization. A deeper understanding of the relationship between backscatter data and sediment compositions can help to identify the benthos occurrence from the MBES data. With two multi-spectral MBES datasets collected near the western Wadden Sea islands in the North Sea, we investigated the potential of mapping marine benthos through backscatter classification. Two unsupervised classification methods, i.e., Bayesian classification, which mainly exploits the backscatter strength from incident angles larger than 20°, and hierarchical clustering of the backscatter strength at different angular ranges, were employed and the results were compared. The classification results from both methods showed a good correspondence with sediment properties such as the median grain size. Moreover, based on a principal component analysis of bottom sample properties, the hierarchical clustering results indicated a better distinction between contributions from the gravel content and benthos occurrence, e.g., sand mason worm density, than Bayesian classification, through involving the backscatter angular variations. Classification for multiple frequencies, on the other hand, showed little difference regarding the relationship with bottom sample properties. Although the backscatter difference between frequencies was also found to positively correlate with certain sample properties, using multi-spectral features for acoustic classification in this study did not reveal additional information compared to single-frequency classification results.
Relationship between lipid accumulation product and new-onset diabetes in the Japanese population: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Ting , Lu Weilin , Zhao Xiaofang , Yao Tianci , Song Bei , Fan Haohui , Gao Guangyu , Liu Chengyun
Published: May 2023

Background

Diabetes has become a global public health problem. Obesity has been established as a risk factor for diabetes. However, it remains unclear which of the obesity indicators (BMI, WC, WhtR, ABSI, BRI, LAP, VAI) is more appropriate for monitoring diabetes. Therefore, the objective of this investigation is to compare the strength of the association of these indicators and diabetes and reveal the relationship between LAP and diabetes.

Methods

15,252 people took part in this research. LAP was quartered and COX proportional risk model was applied to explore the relationship between LAP and new-onset diabetes. Smooth curve fitting was employed to investigate the non-linear link between LAP and diabetes mellitus. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive ability of the aforementioned indicators for diabetes.

Results

After adjusting for confounding factors, multiple linear regression analysis showed that each unit increase in LAP was associated with a 76.8% increase in the risk of developing diabetes (HR=1.768, 95% CI: 1.139 to 2.746, P=0.011). In addition, LAP predicted new-onset diabetes better than other indicators, and the AUC was the largest [HR: 0.713, 95% CI: 0.6806-0.7454, P<0.001, in women; HR: 0.7922, 95% CI: 0.7396-0.8447; P<0.001, in men]. When LAP was used as a lone predictor, its AUC area was largest both men and women. However, after adding classical predictors (FPG, HbA1c, SBP, exercise, age) to the model, the LAP is better than the ABSI, but not better than the other indicators when compared in pairs.

Conclusions

High levels of LAP correlate very strongly with diabetes and are an important risk factor for diabetes, especially in women, those with fatty liver and current smokers. LAP was superior to other indicators when screening for diabetes susceptibility using a single indicator of obesity, both in men and in women. However, when obesity indicators were added to the model together with classical predictors, LAP did not show a significant advantage over other indicators, except ABSI.
Cell cycle activation in thyroid hormone-induced apoptosis and stem cell development during Xenopus intestinal metamorphosis
Authors: Tanizaki Yuta , Shibata Yuki , Na Wonho , Shi Yun-Bo
Published: May 2023

Amphibian metamorphosis resembles mammalian postembryonic development, a period around birth when many organs mature into their adult forms and when plasma thyroid hormone (T3) concentration peaks. T3 plays a causative role for amphibian metamorphosis. This and its independence from maternal influence make metamorphosis of amphibians, particularly anurans such as pseudo-tetraploid Xenopus laevis and its highly related diploid species Xenopus tropicalis, an excellent model to investigate how T3 regulates adult organ development. Studies on intestinal remodeling, a process that involves degeneration of larval epithelium via apoptosis and de novo formation of adult stem cells followed by their proliferation and differentiation to form the adult epithelium, have revealed important molecular insights on T3 regulation of cell fate during development. Here, we review some evidence suggesting that T3-induced activation of cell cycle program is important for T3-induced larval epithelial cell death and de novo formation of adult intestinal stem cells.
Effects of environment factors on the carbon fluxes of semi-fixed sandy land recovering from degradation
Authors: Niu Yayi , Li Yuqiang , Liu Wei , Wang Xuyang , Chen Yun
Published: May 2023

Shrub-dominated ecosystems in the semiarid Horqin Sandy Land are important terrestrial ecosystems, and substantially affect global ecological health and security. However, there have been few studies of climate change’s effects on the carbon fluxes (NEE, net ecosystem exchange; Reco, ecosystem respiration; GPP, gross primary productivity) when these ecosystems are recovering from degradation. We used the eddy covariance technique to determine carbon fluxes and climatic conditions in this ecosystem from 2017 to 2021. The semi-fixed sandy land functioned as a carbon sink in wet years (NEE equaled −14.14 and −126.14 g C m–2 yr–1 in 2019 and 2021, respectively), but was a carbon source in dry years (NEE equaled 48.50 and 51.17 g C m–2 yr–1 in 2017 and 2020, respectively) and a normal year (NEE equaled 74.66 g C m–2 yr–1 in 2018). As expected in these usually water-limited ecosystems, water availability (precipitation and soil water content) were the dominant drivers of NEE, Reco, and GPP, but temperature and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) also played important roles in regulating NEE, Reco and GPP in this recovering semi-fixed sandy ecosystem. With future precipitation and temperature increases, and continuing vegetation restoration, carbon sequestration by this ecosystem is expected to increase. Long-term observations will be necessary to reveal the true source and sink intensities and their response to environmental factors.
An easy-to-use AIHF-nomogram to predict advanced liver fibrosis in patients with autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Zhang Zhiyi , Wang Jian , Wang Huali , Qiu Yuanwang , Zhu Li , Liu Jiacheng , Chen Yun , Li Yiguang , Liu Yilin , Chen Yuxin , Yin Shengxia , Tong Xin , Yan Xiaomin , Xiong Yali , Yang Yongfeng , Zhang Qun , Li Jie , Zhu Chuanwu , Wu Chao , Huang Rui
Published: May 2023

Background

The evaluation of liver fibrosis is essential in the management of patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). We aimed to establish and validate an easy-to-use nomogram to identify AIH patients with advanced liver fibrosis.

Methods

AIH patients who underwent liver biopsies were included and randomly divided into a training set and a validation set. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to select independent predictors of advanced liver fibrosis from the training set, which were utilized to establish a nomogram. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated using the receiver characteristic curve (ROC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

The median age of 235 patients with AIH was 54 years old, with 83.0% of them being female. Six independent factors associated with advanced fibrosis, including sex, age, red cell distribution width, platelets, alkaline phosphatase, and prothrombin time, were combined to construct a predictive AIH fibrosis (AIHF)-nomogram. The AIHF-nomogram showed good agreement with real observations in the training and validation sets, according to the calibration curve. The AIHF-nomogram performed significantly better than the fibrosis-4 and aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio scores in the training and validation sets, with an area under the ROCs for predicting advanced fibrosis of 0.804 in the training set and 0.781 in the validation set. DCA indicated that the AIHFI-nomogram was clinically useful. The nomogram will be available at http://ndth-zzy.shinyapps.io/AIHF-nomogram/as a web-based calculator.

Conclusions

The novel, easy-to-use web-based AIHF-nomogram model provides an insightful and applicable tool to identify AIH patients with advanced liver fibrosis.
Effects of tributyrin and alanyl-glutamine dipeptide on intestinal health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed with high soybean meal diet
Authors: Zhao Jianhua , Yang Xin , Qiu Zongsheng , Zhang Rongfei , Xu Hong , Wang Ting
Published: May 2023

To investigate the effects of dietary tributyrin (TB) and alanyl-glutamine (AGn) on the intestinal health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed with high-level soybean meal (SM) diet, six isonitrogenous (41.36%) and isolipidic (10.25%) diets were formulated and fed to largemouth bass (initial body weight 25.5 ± 0.5g) for 8 weeks. The two control diets contained 34.8% peanut meal (PM) and 41.3% SM, while the other four experimental diets supplemented TB at 0.1% (TB0.1), 0.2% (TB0.2) and AGn at 1% (AGn1), 2% (AGn2) in SM, respectively. The results showed that there were no significant differences in weight gain, survival rate, and hepatosomatic index among all groups (P>0.05), while feed coefficient rate in AGn1, AGn2 and TB0.2 groups was significantly lower than that in SM group (P< 0.05). Compared with the PM group, the intestinal inflammation of largemouth bass in SM group were obvious, accompanied by the damage of intestinal structure, the decrease of digestive enzyme activity, and the up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Compared with the SM group, the activities of intestinal trypsin, lipase and foregut amylase in TB and AGn groups increased significantly (P<0.05), and the gene expression levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) were down-regulated, while the gene expression levels of target of rapamycin (TOR) and eIF4E-binding protein (4E-BP) were up-regulated in all experimental groups (P<0.05). It can be concluded that supplementation of 1%-2% AGn and 0.1%-0.2% TB can alleviate enteritis caused by high-level soybean meal, and the recommend level is 2% AGn and 0.2% TB.
Glucagon-like peptide-1: a multi-faceted anti-inflammatory agent
Authors: Mehdi Syed Faizan , Pusapati Suma , Anwar Muhammad Saad , Lohana Durga , Kumar Parkash , Nandula Savitri Aninditha , Nawaz Fatima Kausar , Tracey Kevin , Yang Huan , LeRoith Derek , Brownstein Michael J. , Roth Jesse
Published: May 2023

Inflammation contributes to many chronic conditions. It is often associated with circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and immune cells. GLP-1 levels correlate with disease severity. They are often elevated and can serve as markers of inflammation. Previous studies have shown that oxytocin, hCG, ghrelin, alpha-MSH and ACTH have receptor-mediated anti-inflammatory properties that can rescue cells from damage and death. These peptides have been studied well in the past century. In contrast, GLP-1 and its anti-inflammatory properties have been recognized only recently. GLP-1 has been proven to be a useful adjuvant therapy in type-2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and hyperglycemia. It also lowers HbA1C and protects cells of the cardiovascular and nervous systems by reducing inflammation and apoptosis. In this review we have explored the link between GLP-1, inflammation, and sepsis.