bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in smoked meat and fish
Authors: Niewiadowska Alicja , Kiljanek Tomasz , Semeniuk Stanisław , Niemczuk Krzysztof , Żmudzki Jan
Published: May 2016

The aim of the study was to assess the occurrence and to determine the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in traditionally smoked meat and fish products of domestic production in relation to the amendment in the EU legislation. The determinations of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, and chrysene were carried out in 286 meat product samples, which included 161 sausage samples and 125 samples of other smoked meats (ham, loins, bacon, etc.) as well as 17 fish samples, using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The highest mean concentrations of PAH4 (sum of benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, and chrysene) were determined in sausages – 21.0 µg/kg, including benzo(a)pyrene 2.6 µg/kg, lower in other meat products: PAH4 – 9.2 µg/kg and BaP 1.2 µg/kg, and lowest in fish: PAH4 – 2.0 µg/kg and BaP of 0.2 µg/kg. The maximum level (ML) for PAH4 (12 µg/kg) was exceeded in 30.8%, and ML for BaP (2.0 µg/kg) in 25.9% of smoked meat product samples. Evaluation of PAH levels in traditionally smoked sausages indicates differences in the concentrations of PAH4 depending on the smoking techniques and the type of wood used for smoking.
Preliminary investigation on the variation of the nucleolar organizer region in the breeding chinchilla karyotype
Authors: Kuchta-Gładysz Marta , Otwinowska-Mindur Agnieszka , Niedbała Piotr , Szeleszczuk Olga , Głowacka Joanna
Published: May 2016

The objective of this study was to determine the variation in the number and size of nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) in the chinchilla karyotype. The study was performed with 12 standard chinchillas of two different lines. NORs were visualized on chromosome preparations by Ag-NOR silver staining. Four NOR size classes (I-IV) were determined on the basis of the results obtained, ranging from 0.070 (class I) to 0.229 (class IV). The mean NOR size was 0.144 µm² (SD=0.031 µm²) and fell within class II (from 0.101 to 0.150 µm²). Differences in the relative silver deposit area between the NOR-bearing pair of chromosomes were significant for 3 animals (P < 0.01) and for 1 animal (P < 0.05). The mean number of NORs in the animals ranged from 1.4 to 2.0 (SD=0.00–0.55). It was lower for chinchillas from central Poland (1.53±0.50) compared to those from southern Poland (1.68±0.48), with no significant differences (P > 0.05). The variation observed in the NOR size and number in the chinchilla karyotype indicates the occurrence of NOR polymorphism in the population.
To Click or Not to Click? Investigating Antecedents of Advertisement Clicking on Facebook
Authors: Kim Yoojung , Kang Mihyun , Choi Sejung Marina , Sung Yongjun
Published: May 2016

Using its technological capabilities, Facebook has introduced customized and more relevant commercial messages for its growing number of advertisement-savvy users. We empirically examined the factors that influence the way in which users respond to Facebook-based advertising, using
the perceived advertising values posited by Ducoffe's model and Facebook usage behavior as a basis. The results of an online survey that involved 758 participants show that users are more likely to click on Facebook-based advertising if they perceive it as informative rather than irritating.
Moreover, the extent to which users depend on Facebook and participate as "fans" on brand pages positively impacts the likelihood that they will click on advertising.
A formula for generating weakly modular forms with weight 12
Authors: Aygunes Aykut
Published: May 2016

In this short paper, generally, we define a family of functions fk depends on
the Eisenstein series with weight 2k, for k ( N. More detail, by considering
the function fk, we define a derivative formula for generating weakly modular
forms with weight 12. As a result for this, we claim that this formula gives
an advantage to find the special solutions of some differential equations.
On modules over groups
Authors: Uc Mehmet , Ones Ortac , Alkan Mustafa
Published: May 2016

For a finite group G, by the endomorphism ring of a module M over a
commutative ring R, we define a structure for M to make it an RG-module so
that we study the relations between the properties of R-modules and
RG-modules. Mainly, we prove that RadRM is an RG-submodule of M if M is an
RG- module; also RadRM ? RadRGM where RadAM is the intersection of the
maximal A-submodule of module M over a ring A. We also verify that M is an
injective (projective) R-module if and only if M is an injective (projective)
RG-module.
On the constant term of the minimal polynomial of cos (2π/n) over Q
Authors: Adiga Chandrashekar , Cangul Ismail , Ramaswamy H.N.
Published: May 2016

The algebraic numbers cos(2?/n) and 2cos(?/n) play an important role in
the theory of discrete groups and has many applications because of their
relation with Chebycheff polynomials. There are some partial results in
literature for the minimal polynomial of the latter number over rationals
until 2012 when a complete solution was given in [5]. In this paper we
determine the constant term of the minimal polynomial of cos(2?/n) over Q
by a new method.
Some Hermite base polynomials on q-umbral algebra
Authors: Dere Rahime
Published: May 2016

The aim of this paper is to investigate the q-Hermite type polynomials by
using umbral calculus methods. Using this method, we derive new type
polynomials which are related to the q-Bernoulli polynomials and the
q-Hermite type polynomials. Furthermore, we also derive some new identities
of those polynomials which are derived from q-umbral calculus.
Detracking and Tracking Up
Authors: Domina Thurston , Hanselman Paul , Hwang NaYoung , McEachin Andrew
Published: May 2016

Between 2003 and 2013, the proportion of California eighth graders enrolled in algebra or a more advanced course nearly doubled to 65%. In this article, we consider the organizational processes that accompanied this curricular intensification. Facing a complex set of accountability, institutional, technical/functional, and internal political pressures, California schools responded to the algebra-for-all effort in diverse ways. While some schools detracked by enrolling all eighth graders in algebra, others “tracked up,” creating more advanced geometry opportunities while increasing algebra enrollments. These responses created a new differentiated course structure that is likely to benefit advantaged students. Consistent with the effectively maintained inequality hypothesis, we find that detracking occurred primarily in disadvantaged schools while “tracking up” occurred primarily in advantaged schools.
Women's Self-determination in Cooperative Tourism Microenterprises
Authors: LaPan Chantell , Morais Duarte B. , Wallace Tim , Barbieri Carla
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this study is to better understand how cooperative forms of microentrepreneurship influence women's self-determination. Utilizing the framework of self-determination theory, this study employed a multiple case study approach that involved in-depth interviews, content
analysis, field notes, and direct observations. Findings indicate that livelihood opportunities afforded under cooperative tourism microentrepreneurship offer women increased levels of self-determination, but that economic improvements alone are not sufficient in enhancing overall well-being.
This study provides a detailed account of the strategies indigenous women employ to enhance their self-determination under cooperative tourism microentrepreneurship models. The results of this study suggest that programs by governments and NGOs should consider non-individual benefits when
they engage with communities in tourism planning initiatives. Additionally, interventions aimed at women must also engage men or women may suffer from tensions at home. Finally, this study indicates that simply offering access to credit does not foster self-reliant development. The structures
of cooperative models determine outcomes. Therefore, whenever possible, microentrepreneurship models should be designed to enhance strong cooperative social structures.
ASPCAP: THE APOGEE STELLAR PARAMETER AND CHEMICAL ABUNDANCES PIPELINE
Authors: García Pérez Ana E. , Prieto Carlos Allende , Holtzman Jon A. , Shetrone Matthew , Mészáros Szabolcs , Bizyaev Dmitry , Carrera Ricardo , Cunha Katia , García-Hernández D. A. , Johnson Jennifer A. , Majewski Steven R. , Nidever David L. , Schiavon Ricardo P. , Shane Neville , Smith Verne V. , Sobeck Jennifer , Troup Nicholas , Zamora Olga , Weinberg David H. , Bovy Jo , Eisenstein Daniel J. , Feuillet Diane , Frinchaboy Peter M. , Hayden Michael R. , Hearty Fred R. , Nguyen Duy C. , O’Connell Robert W. , Pinsonneault Marc H. , Wilson John C. , Zasowski Gail
Published: May 2016

The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) has built the largest moderately high-resolution (R ≈ 22,500) spectroscopic map of the stars across the Milky Way, and including dust-obscured areas. The APOGEE Stellar Parameter and Chemical Abundances Pipeline (ASPCAP) is the software developed for the automated analysis of these spectra. ASPCAP determines atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances from observed spectra by comparing observed spectra to libraries of theoretical spectra, using χ
2 minimization in a multidimensional parameter space. The package consists of a fortran90 code that does the actual minimization and a wrapper IDL code for book-keeping and data handling. This paper explains in detail the ASPCAP components and functionality, and presents results from a number of tests designed to check its performance. ASPCAP provides stellar effective temperatures, surface gravities, and metallicities precise to 2%, 0.1 dex, and 0.05 dex, respectively, for most APOGEE stars, which are predominantly giants. It also provides abundances for up to 15 chemical elements with various levels of precision, typically under 0.1 dex. The final data release (DR12) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III contains an APOGEE database of more than 150,000 stars. ASPCAP development continues in the SDSS-IV APOGEE-2 survey.
FORMATION OF GLOBULAR CLUSTERS IN ATOMIC-COOLING HALOS VIA RAPID GAS CONDENSATION AND FRAGMENTATION DURING THE EPOCH OF REIONIZATION
Authors: Kimm Taysun , Cen Renyue , Rosdahl Joakim , Yi Sukyoung K.
Published: May 2016

We investigate the formation of metal-poor globular clusters (GCs) at the center of two dark matter halos with

at

using cosmological radiation-hydrodynamics simulations. We find that very compact (≲1 pc) and massive (

) clusters form rapidly when pristine gas collapses isothermally with the aid of efficient Lyα emission during the transition from molecular-cooling halos to atomic-cooling halos. Because the local free-fall time of dense star-forming gas is very short (

), a large fraction of the collapsed gas is turned into stars before stellar feedback processes blow out the gas and shut down star formation. Although the early stage of star formation is limited to a small region of the central star-forming disk, we find that the disk quickly fragments due to metal enrichment from supernovae. Sub-clusters formed in the fragmented clouds eventually merge with the main cluster at the center. The simulated clusters closely resemble the local GCs in mass and size but show a metallicity spread that is much wider than found in the local GCs. We discuss a role of pre-enrichment by Pop III and II stars as a potential solution to the latter issue. Although not without shortcomings, it is encouraging that a naive blind (not tuned) cosmological simulation presents a possible channel for the formation of at least some massive GCs.
SYNCHRONIC CORONAL HOLE MAPPING USING MULTI-INSTRUMENT EUV IMAGES: DATA PREPARATION AND DETECTION METHOD
Authors: Caplan R. M. , Downs C. , Linker J. A.
Published: May 2016

We describe a method for the automatic mapping of coronal holes (CHs) using simultaneous multi-instrument EUV imaging data. Synchronized EUV images from STEREO/EUVI A and B 195 Å and SDO/AIA 193 Å are preprocessed, including point-spread function deconvolution and the application of data-derived intensity corrections which account for center-to-limb variations (limb brightening) and inter-instrument intensity normalization. We systematically derive a robust limb-brightening correction that takes advantage of unbiased long-term averages of data and respects the physical nature of the problem. The new preprocessing greatly assists in CH detection, allowing for the use of a simplified variable-connectivity, two-threshold region-growing image segmentation algorithm to obtain consistent detection results. We generate synchronic EUV and CH maps, and show a preliminary analysis of CH evolution. Several data and code products are made available to the community (www.predsci.com/chd): for the period of this study (2010 June 10 to 2014 August 18), we provide synchronic EUV and CH map data at 6 hr cadence, data-derived limb-brightening corrections for STEREO/EUVI A and B 195 Å and SDO/AIA 193 Å, and inter-instrument correction factors to equate their intensities. We also provide the CH image segmentation code module (ezseg) implemented in both FORTRAN-OpenMP and GPU-accelerated C-CUDA. A complete implementation of our CH detection pipeline in the form of a ready-to-use MATLAB driver script euv2chm utilizing ezseg is also made available.
X-RAY PROPERTIES OF THE YOUNGEST RADIO SOURCES AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Siemiginowska Aneta , Sobolewska Małgosia , Migliori Giulia , Guainazzi Matteo , Hardcastle Martin , Ostorero Luisa , Stawarz Łukasz
Published: May 2016

We present the first results from our X-ray study of young radio sources classified as compact symmetric objects (CSOs). Using the Chandra X-ray Observatory we observed six CSOs for the first time in X-rays, and re-observed four CSOs already observed with XMM-Newton or BeppoSAX. We also included six other CSOs with archival data to built a pilot study of a sample of the 16 CSO sources observed in X-rays to date. All the sources are nearby,

, and the age of their radio structures (

yr) has been derived from the expansion velocity of their hot spots. Our results show the heterogeneous nature of the CSOs’ X-ray emission, indicating a complex environment associated with young radio sources. The sample covers a range in X-ray luminosity,

–1045 erg s−1, and intrinsic absorbing column density of

–1022 cm−2. In particular, we detected extended X-ray emission in 1718−649; a hard photon index of

in 2021+614 and 1511+0518 consistent with either a Compton-thick absorber or non-thermal emission from compact radio lobes, and in 0710+439 an ionized iron emission line at

keV and EW

–1.4 keV, and a decrease by an order of magnitude in the 2–10 keV flux since the 2008 XMM-Newton observation in 1607+26. We conclude that our pilot study of CSOs provides a variety of exceptional diagnostics and highlights the importance of deep X-ray observations of large samples of young sources. This is necessary in order to constrain theoretical models for the earliest stage of radio source evolution and to study the interactions of young radio sources with the interstellar environment of their host galaxies.
STUDY OF A SUDDEN QPO TRANSITION EVENT IN THE BLACK HOLE SOURCE XTE J1550-564
Authors: Sriram K. , Rao A. R. , Choi C. S.
Published: May 2016

The transition of type B/A quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) is often associated with a sudden flux change at the peak of the outburst in black hole X-ray binaries. Recent studies show that these variations are connected to the jet ejection phenomenon in the inner regions of the accretion disk. One such event of the black hole source XTE J1550-564 is investigated, where a type A QPO transforms to type B in the first transition. In the second transition, a notable increase in the flux was observed in the 13–60 keV band. The dynamical energy-dependent power density spectrum and broadband energy spectrum obtained using the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer data of this event were inspected to understand the energetics of the inner accretion disk. During these transitions, both disk and corona parameters were found to be varying along with their corresponding fluxes. We discuss the plasma ejection model scenario in the context of the first transition and the condensation of the corona in the inner region for the second transition event. Spectral results were used to derive the critical mass accretion rate, the amount of condensation, and the critical luminosity needed for the condensation process. We found the results to be in well agreement with theoretical simulations.
PLANETARY CANDIDATES OBSERVED BY KEPLER. VII. THE FIRST FULLY UNIFORM CATALOG BASED ON THE ENTIRE 48-MONTH DATA SET (Q1–Q17 DR24)
Authors: Coughlin Jeffrey L. , Mullally F. , Thompson Susan E. , Rowe Jason F. , Burke Christopher J. , Latham David W. , Batalha Natalie M. , Ofir Aviv , Quarles Billy L. , Henze Christopher E. , Wolfgang Angie , Caldwell Douglas A. , Bryson Stephen T. , Shporer Avi , Catanzarite Joseph , Akeson Rachel , Barclay Thomas , Borucki William J. , Boyajian Tabetha S. , Campbell Jennifer R. , Christiansen Jessie L. , Girouard Forrest R. , Haas Michael R. , Howell Steve B. , Huber Daniel , Jenkins Jon M. , Li Jie , Patil-Sabale Anima , Quintana Elisa V. , Ramirez Solange , Seader Shawn , Smith Jeffrey C. , Tenenbaum Peter , Twicken Joseph D. , Zamudio Khadeejah A.
Published: May 2016

We present the seventh Kepler planet candidate (PC) catalog, which is the first catalog to be based on the entire, uniformly processed 48-month Kepler data set. This is the first fully automated catalog, employing robotic vetting procedures to uniformly evaluate every periodic signal detected by the Q1–Q17 Data Release 24 (DR24) Kepler pipeline. While we prioritize uniform vetting over the absolute correctness of individual objects, we find that our robotic vetting is overall comparable to, and in most cases superior to, the human vetting procedures employed by past catalogs. This catalog is the first to utilize artificial transit injection to evaluate the performance of our vetting procedures and to quantify potential biases, which are essential for accurate computation of planetary occurrence rates. With respect to the cumulative Kepler Object of Interest (KOI) catalog, we designate 1478 new KOIs, of which 402 are dispositioned as PCs. Also, 237 KOIs dispositioned as false positives (FPs) in previous Kepler catalogs have their disposition changed to PC and 118 PCs have their disposition changed to FPs. This brings the total number of known KOIs to 8826 and PCs to 4696. We compare the Q1–Q17 DR24 KOI catalog to previous KOI catalogs, as well as ancillary Kepler catalogs, finding good agreement between them. We highlight new PCs that are both potentially rocky and potentially in the habitable zone of their host stars, many of which orbit solar-type stars. This work represents significant progress in accurately determining the fraction of Earth-size planets in the habitable zone of Sun-like stars. The full catalog is publicly available at the NASA Exoplanet Archive.
A CHEMICAL KINETICS NETWORK FOR LIGHTNING AND LIFE IN PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES
Authors: Rimmer P. B. , Helling Ch
Published: May 2016

There are many open questions about prebiotic chemistry in both planetary and exoplanetary environments. The increasing number of known exoplanets and other ultra-cool, substellar objects has propelled the desire to detect life and prebiotic chemistry outside the solar system. We present an ion–neutral chemical network constructed from scratch, Stand2015, that treats hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen chemistry accurately within a temperature range between 100 and 30,000 K. Formation pathways for glycine and other organic molecules are included. The network is complete up to H6C2N2O3. Stand2015 is successfully tested against atmospheric chemistry models for HD 209458b, Jupiter, and the present-day Earth using a simple one-dimensional photochemistry/diffusion code. Our results for the early Earth agree with those of Kasting for CO2, H2, CO, and O2, but do not agree for water and atomic oxygen. We use the network to simulate an experiment where varied chemical initial conditions are irradiated by UV light. The result from our simulation is that more glycine is produced when more ammonia and methane is present. Very little glycine is produced in the absence of any molecular nitrogen and oxygen. This suggests that the production of glycine is inhibited if a gas is too strongly reducing. Possible applications and limitations of the chemical kinetics network are also discussed.
Massive Rotator Cuff Tears: Trends in Surgical Management
Authors: Thorsness Robert , Romeo Anthony
Published: May 2016

Compared with smaller tears, massive rotator cuff tears present significant clinical management dilemmas for the treating surgeon because they are often fraught with structural failure and poor outcomes. To optimize healing, current surgical methods look to optimize footprint coverage and enhance the biological environment for healing. Double-row techniques have demonstrated clear biomechanical advantages in controlled cadaveric studies, but have yet to demonstrate clear clinical efficacy over more simple repair techniques. When repairs for massive rotator cuff tears fail, options include revision repair or superior capsular reconstruction, an option to bridge the tissue gap with human dermal allograft or fascia lata autograft in hopes of containing the humeral head from superior migration and precluding rotator cuff arthropathy. Although latissimus transfers remain a reasonable option for massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears in appropriately indicated patients, clinical results are often unpredictable. Older patients with chronic, massive rotator cuff tears with pseudoparalysis can achieve predictable, often excellent clinical results with a reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. [Orthopedics.2016; 39(3):145–151.]
Development and Teaching Application of New Intelligent Courseware in "Sports Economics"
Authors: SHI Youguo , CHEN Shuqin
Published: May 2016

During the development of information technology, the application of multimedia courseware in teaching activities has become a trend of current education. Flash is widely applied in multimedia courseware making by virtue of its advanced technology, good interactivity and easy propagation etc. Based on the above background, this paper designs a new intelligent courseware based on Flash technology through summarizing the researches of domestic and overseas scholars about the application of Flash technology in teaching. Meanwhile, this paper analyzes design thought and major structure of courseware system. On this basis, contrastive teaching experiment and quantitative statistics are applied to demonstrate application effect of this intelligent courseware system in Sports Economics course teaching. The results verify that the new intelligent courseware can greatly improve students’ learning interest, learning initiative and academic performance, and plays a significant helping role in college sports specialty teaching. Besides, it also has strong reference value in teaching other courses.
Morphology Studies of Electrospun Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4)/Cellulose Acetate (CA) Fibers
Authors: Mohamad M. , Abidin M.F.Z. , Marzuki Haslan Fadli Ahmad , Ahmad Nizam Abdullah , Othman Muhamad Hazri , Mat Azrulnizam
Published: May 2016

This work was carried out as a preliminary study of electrospun LiFePO4/CA fibers. Cellulose acetate (CA) and LiFePO4 solutions were prepared separately using mixed solvent of acetone and water, prior to the electrospinning process. Then, electrospinning parameters including solution concentration, distance tip to collector, pump rate, and needle diameter size were optimized. Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) was used to determine the surface area of CA fibers. Viscosity of CA solution was obtained by viscometer. LiFePO4/CA fibers were stabilized and carbonized at different temperature. The surface morphology and microstructure of the obtained LiFePO4/ CA fibers were then characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM). In this work, it is shown that different electrospinning parameter, solution concentration and solution viscosity gives different fibers diameter and distribution. Moreover, the stabilization and carbonization temperature of LiFePO4/CA fibers may also affect the fibers microstructure.
The Effects of Thermal Ageing on Properties and Microstructure of Al-6063 Alloy
Authors: Aiza Jaafar C.N. , Zainol Ismail , Mohamad Sapri Mohd Amirul Zalif
Published: May 2016

The effect of thermal ageing on the properties and microstructure of Al-Mg-Si alloy was investigated. In this work, an extruded Al-6063 alloy samples were used as the main materials. In order to study the effect of thermal ageing, the alloy samples were solution treated at 530 °C and then quenched into water before artificially aged at elevated temperatures between 120 and 250 °C. The ageing response and mechanical properties was monitored by Vickers hardness and tensile tests, respectively. The analysis of surface fracture and microstructure of peak aged alloy were carried out by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), respectively. Result shows that the highest hardness value and tensile properties is gained by the alloy that aged at 120 °C. It is found that increasing in hardness and strength values of the alloy are due to precipitates formation during thermal ageing. Fracture analysis on peak-aged condition indicates that the alloy having more ductility after thermal ageing. The result shows that the higher ageing temperature will lead to the higher ductility of the Al-6063 alloy, as a results the alloy’s strength is reduced.
Effects of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Filler Treatment and Thermo-Oxidative Ageing on the Properties of Poly(Vinyl Chloride)/Epoxidized Natural Rubber/Kenaf Core Powder Composites
Authors: Abdul Majid Rohani , Hanafi Ismail , Razaina Mat Taib
Published: May 2016

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the influence of thermo-oxidative ageing on the tensile properties of PVC/ENR/KCP composites. Sodium dodecyl sulfate filler treatment was also carried out to evaluate the effect of filler treatment. The composites were prepared by melt compounding using Haake Polydrive internal mixer at 140 °C and 50 rpm. Compression-moulded samples were subjected to fracture surface morphology analysis and thermo-oxidative ageing for 3, 5 and 7 days. Thermo-oxidative ageing test indicates that after 3 days of exposure to heat, tensile strength increases, which is due to the further cross-linking reaction. With further exposure for 5 days and 7 days, the tensile strength is reduced probably due to the reduction in flexibility of the cross-link, which affect the stress distribution in the composites.
Effect of Dipping Numbers on the Crystalline Phase and Microstructure of Ag-TiO2 Coating
Authors: Nurhamizah A.R. , Zulkifli M.R. , Mohd Juoi Jariah , Musa Muharniza Azinita
Published: May 2016

Sol-gel dip-coating technique was utilized to prepare Ag-TiO2 coating with additive (Degussa P25) on unglazed ceramic tiles. Three different numbers of coating layers (5, 7 and 10 layers) were deposited on unglazed ceramic tiles made of waste glass. The coatings were sintered at 500 °C with the heating rate of 2 °C/min. The crystalline phase and cross sectional areas of the coatings were evaluated using GAXRD and SEM analysis, respectively. Results showed that the average thickness of the coating increased from 7 µm to 9 µm and to 12 µm for 5, 7 and 10 coating layers, correspondingly. Coating of 10 layers exhibited a high crystallinity of anatase phase, a good surface morphology without significant cracks, and a homogeneous coating compared to the 5 and 7 layers of coating, which suggested a better performance in Ag-TiO2 coating.
Electroless Ni-Co-Cu-P Alloy Deposition in Alkaline Hypophosphite Based Bath
Authors: Zaimi Muhammad , Azran M. , Ahmad Muhamad Khaizaki , Alif M. , Aziz M.S.A. , Azam Mohd Asyadi , Kasim Mohd Shahir , Munawar Rose Farahiyan , Abd Manaf Mohd Edeerozey
Published: May 2016

The use of electroless deposition method to deposit nickel alloy attracts attention due to its uniformity, corrosion resistance in neutral media and low friction. Quaternary nickel alloy deposit can be achieved by adding metal ion additive into the plating bath. Furthermore, the use of alkaline bath can accelerate the deposition rate, and provide sufficient thickness for corrosion protection. In this study, an electroless quaternary nickel alloy is deposited on iron coupons by adding cobalt and copper ions in hypophosphite based Ni-P alkaline bath. The nickel alloy deposit surface morphology is studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x-ray fluorescence (XRF). Corrosion behavior of the nickel alloy is investigated using polarization curve measurement in 3.5wt% NaCl aqueous solution. From the results, the elecroless Ni-Co-Cu-P alloy coating produced at higher plating bah pH is harder than the lower bath pH. Higher Co, Cu and P content in the Ni alloy exhibit broader passive area in the polarization curve measurement results.
Effect of Sonication on the Stability of Nanofluids Based on the Mixture of Kapok Seeds Oil and Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Rehman Wajid Ur , Bhat A.H. , Suliamon A.A. , Khan Muhammad Irfan
Published: May 2016

Environmental pollution problem and depletion of petroleum reserves have driven the researchers to use non-edible oils as a low cost feedstock. This work represents the preparation of nano fluids using kapok (ceiba pentandra) seeds oil (KSO) and multi walled carbon nano tubes (MWCNTs). The present study consists of two stages. The first step is the extraction of KSO through Soxhlet extraction using n-hexane as a solvent. The second step is the mixing of extracted oil with carbon nanotubes using sonicator, with different time intervals, to develop nanofluids. The visualization technique was used by capturing photographs to evaluate the stability of the nanofluids. The photographs showed good agreement for the stability of nanofluids for more than 1 week. KSO and prepared nanofluids were characterized by using Fourier transformed infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Tensile Properties and Morphology of Irradiated EVA/ENR-50/Sepiolite Nanocomposites
Authors: Ahmad Mohd Shahrulnizam , Mohamad Zurina , Ratnam Chantara Thevy , Kamal Rudin Amirah
Published: May 2016

The effects of sepiolite nanofiller addition and irradiation modification on the tensile properties of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50)/ehylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/Sepiolite nanocomposites were investigated. The ENR-50/EVA/Sepiolite was blended by mixing in a Brabender Plastigraph at 120 °C. The samples were irradiated by using electron beam at a dose range of 50 to 200 kGy. The effect on the tensile properties and morphology were investigated as a function of sepiolite content and irradiation dose. Electron beam radiation produced an irradiation-induced crosslinking and further enhanced mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. The tensile properties of irradiated ENR-50/EVA blend were improved by the addition of sepiolite at 4 phr.
Effects of Hydrocolloid on Compression and Morphological Properties of Kenaf Filled Natural Rubber Latex Foam
Authors: Abdul Karim Ahmad Fikri , Hanafi Ismail , Ariff Zulkifli Mohamad
Published: May 2016

Corn starch has been used as hydrocolloids in kenaf filled natural rubber latex foam (NRLF). Kenaf filled NRLF was successfully prepared by using Dunlop method. This research was carried out to study the effects of hydrocolloid on compression and morphological properties of kenaf filled NRLF. From the graph of 50% compression, it was shown that kenaf filled NRLF with hydrocolloid has higher compression strength compared to kenaf filled NRLF without hydrocolloid. From the micrograph of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), it was observed that the pores size of kenaf filled NRLF with hdrocolloid was smaller than the pores size of kenaf filled NRLF without hydrocolloid. This showed the effect of hydrocolloid which contributes to the high compression strength.
Morphology and Mechanical Analysis of Polylactic Acid (PLA)/Core Shell Impact Modifier Blends
Authors: Adibah B. , Razaina Mat Taib
Published: May 2016

Polymer blend system of polylactic acid (PLA) and core shell as the impact modifier was studied. PLA was melt-blended with different amount of core shell impact modifier (0 to 30 wt.%). The PLA/core shell impact modifier was prepared by single screw extruder and injection molding machine into the required specimens. Morphological properties of the blends were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs revealed that the addition of core shell impact modifier showed a coarser dispersed phase of voids. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests confirmed that PLA/core shell impact modifier blends were partially miscible.
Magnesium-Silicon Substituted Carbonate Hydroxyapatite (Mg-Si CHA): Factors Affecting Sintering
Authors: Mohd Noor Ahmad Fauzi , Zainudin Harmiza
Published: May 2016

Sintering has major effect on the final properties of materials such as density, porosity and microstructure. Sintering of Mg-Si CHA in particular is a complex process since changes could occur during sintering, which include phase formation, grain size, pore size and carbonate content, and this in turn affects the mechanical properties. Improved mechanical properties of Mg-Si CHA is critical in load bearing implant applications. Poor control of thermal treatment of Mg-Si CHA during sintering would cause carbonate loss, leading to partial or total decomposition of Mg-Si CHA, subsequently would affect the physical and mechanical properties. The influence of powder properties (particle size, porosity, morphology) and sintering parameters (heating rate, firing atmosphere) on the sintered Mg-Si CHA microstructure was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization technique. The SEM results showed that we are able to produce sintered Mg-Si CHA without cracking of the compacted pellets, while keeping the carbonate level in the amount required (2 – 8%). X-Ray diffraction (XRD) was also performed on the sintered samples and the results indicated that a single phase Mg-Si-CHA was obtained, while Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy result confirmed that as-synthesized Mg-Si CHA powder was a B-type.
Sensitivity analysis of ceres-wheat model to various weather and non-weather parameters for wheat (CV.GW-496)
Authors: Patel H. R. , Shekh A. M.
Published: May 2016

The CERES-wheat model was calibrated and validated based on actual data of field experiments with an objective to test the sensitivity of model to various weather and nonweather parameters for wheat (GW-496) in middle Gujrat Agro-climatic region, Anand (Gujarat, India). The results showed that grain yields as simulated by the CERES-wheat (cv. GW-496) model due to alteration of ambient temperature in incremental units showed a gradual decrease in yield, while the down scaled ambient temperature was observed to have increased the yield by 2 and 6% at 4 and 5°C reduction in temperaturerespectively. The percentage values of change in the yield were 2 and 8 at –1 and –5°C over the base yield respectively in case of down scaled ambient temperature under suboptimal conditions. Increase in daily solar radiation (3 to 5MJm-2), resulted into nearly 6 to 9% increase in yield over the base yield. Under gradual decrease of solar radiation no yield increment over the base yield was observed. This showed that the model was less sensitive to solar radiation than it was to temperature. When carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration was doubled, the grain yield increased up to 43% over the base yield in optimal conditions, while corresponding yield increment under sub-optimal conditions was 73%. This showed that the model used had the potential for assessing impact of climate change on wheat production. Large yield reductions were noted under increasing plant population (150 to 500 sq. per mts.) both in optimal and sub-optimal conditions. This provided strong evidence in respect of the robustness of the model to account for the effects of plant population.
Large diameter shallow Agro-wells – a national asset or a burden for the nation?
Authors: Jayakody A. N.
Published: May 2016

Large diameter open dug Agro-wells have become increasingly popular among farmers in the Dry and Intermediate Zones of Sri Lanka during the decades of 1980 and 1990. The numbers have expanded up to around 50,000 in an unprecedented manner as those were meant to serve as sources of water for irrigation of agricultural crops during the much drier Yala season as well as during the water stress times of the Maha season.However, the haphazard expansion of Agro-wells has created complications after some time of use pertaining to the quantity and quality of available water. As Agrowells were constructed frequently by neglecting the appropriate technical norms, drying up of those have been experienced very often along with a lowering of the groundwater level in the respective areas. Moreover, the water in Agro-wells started to show increasing salt concentrations over the period of usage, which has affected the soils and crops detrimentally. As a result, farmers by now have abandoned a considerable number of Agro-wells, which were constructed by spending a significant amount of money.As such, this paper describes the past and present scenarios of Agro-well farming in Sri Lanka considering the Agro-well net in the country as a national asset and attempts to suggest some possible trustworthy measures to be considered for efficient use and proper re-use of abandoned Agro-wells diverting away from the popularly accepted common paradigm “Agro-wells are only for irrigation of agricultural crops”.
Commercial broiler production, Profit function, Decision support tool
Authors: Bandara R. M. A. S. , Dassanayake D. M. W. K.
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the use of the profit function regression model as a decision support tool in small scale commercial broiler production. The study was carried out in major broiler production areas in Sri Lanka. Data were collected form 120 broiler rearing farmers. The factors considered in the model were Sale price of broiler (SLR/kg LW), Price of purchased chick (SLR/chick), Price of feed (SLR/kg), Cost of labor (SLR/kg LW), Cost of veterinary service and medicine (SLR/LW), Feed Conversion Rate - FCR (kg feed consumed per kg LW gain).As observed in the field, the most important factors affecting profit in this study were the feed conversion ratio and the price of feed. It was also found that except the cost of labor all the other factors were significant in the model and thus were the determinants of the profitability.The fact that the estimated impact factors affecting profitability on the profit per kg live-weight were similar to those observed in the field indicates the power of the model as a decision support tool in broiler production.
Characterization of SIGIRR/IL-1R8 Homolog from Zebrafish Provides New Insights into Its Inhibitory Role in Hepatic Inflammation
Authors: Feng Wei , Gu Yi-Feng , Nie Li , Guo Dong-Yang , Xiang Li-xin , Shao Jian-zhong
Published: May 2016

Single Ig IL-1R–related molecule (SIGIRR, also called IL-1R8 or Toll/IL-1R [TIR]8), a negative regulator for Toll/IL-1R signaling, plays critical roles in innate immunity and various diseases in mammals. However, the occurrence of this molecule in ancient vertebrates and its function in liver homeostasis and disorders remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified a SIGIRR homology from zebrafish (Danio rerio [DrSIGIRR]) by using a number of conserved structural and functional hallmarks to its mammalian counterparts. DrSIGIRR was highly expressed in the liver. Ablation of DrSIGIRR by lentivirus-delivered small interfering RNA in the liver significantly enhanced hepatic inflammation in response to polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] stimulation, as shown by the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and increased histological disorders. In contrast, depletion of TIR domain–containing adaptor inducing IFN-β (TRIF) or administration of TRIF signaling inhibitor extremely abrogated the poly(I:C)-induced hepatic inflammation. Aided by the zebrafish embryo model, overexpression of DrSIGIRR in vivo significantly inhibited the poly(I:C)- and TRIF-induced NF-κB activations; however, knockdown of DrSIGIRR promoted such activations. Furthermore, pull-down and Duolink in situ proximity ligation assay assays showed that DrSIGIRR can interact with the TRIF protein. Results suggest that DrSIGIRR plays an inhibitory role in TRIF-mediated inflammatory reactions by competitive recruitment of the TRIF adaptor protein from its TLR3/TLR22 receptor. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report a functional SIGIRR homolog that existed in a lower vertebrate. This molecule is essential to establish liver homeostasis under inflammatory stimuli. Overall, the results will enrich the current knowledge about SIGIRR-mediated immunity and disorders in the liver.
Inflammatory optic neuropathy in Behçet’s disease
Authors: Khanfir M. S. , Belfeki N. , Said F. , Ben Salem T. , Ben Ghorbel I. , Lamloum M. , Hamzaoui A. , Houman M. H.
Published: May 2016

Inflammatory optic neuropathy (ON) is a rare event in Behçet’s disease (BD). We report herein a series of ten BD Tunisian patients with ON and describe its clinical features among them. A retrospective review of BD patients (International Study Group for BD criteria) was performed. The patients were divided into two groups: those presenting an inflammatory ON, and those none. The diagnosis of inflammatory ON was based on the clinical examination, visual field and visual evoked potentials. We analyzed the characteristics of the two groups. Ten patients (2.3%) presented an inflammatory ON among our 440 patients. Inflammatory ON was inaugural in 8 cases. Clinical manifestations were as follows: blurred vision (7 cases) and periorbital pain (3 cases). In two cases, the patients did not complain from ophthalmological symptoms. The fundus revealed a papilledema (2 cases), papillary pallor (4 cases), and was normal in 5 cases. Visual field realized in only three patients showed a scotoma in all cases. Visual evoked potentials revealed increased latency in all cases. All patients received corticosteroids associated to an immunosuppressive agent. The comparative study between the two groups revealed that inflammatory ON was significantly more associated to neurological involvement (p<0.0001) and that the disease was more severe in the ON group (p<0.0001). Inflammatory ON in BD is rare and may occur at an early stage of the clinical course of the disease. Its prevalence is certainly underestimated. A systematic visual evoked potential may be interesting as a screening tool.
Lifestyle and dietary habits of patients with gout followed in rheumatology settings
Authors: Manara M. , Carrara G. , Scirè C. A. , Cimmino M. A. , Govoni M. , Montecucco C. , Matucci-Cerinic M. , Minisola G. , Study group The KING
Published: May 2016

Diet and lifestyles modification are core aspects of the non-pharmacological management of gout, but a poor consistency with suggested guidelines is reported. This study aimed to investigate dietary and lifestyle habits of patients with gout followed in rheumatology settings. Data were retrieved from the baseline dataset of the KING study, a multicentre cohort study of patients with gout followed in rheumatology settings. Dietary habits were assessed with the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) food-frequency questionnaire and compared with reported data about general population. The relative increase of exposure was estimated by standardized prevalence ratios adjusted for gender, age and geographical distribution. The study population included 446 patients, with a mean age of 63.9 years and a M/F ratio of 9:1. Compared to the Italian population, gouty patients showed a higher prevalence of obesity [1.82 (1.52-2.18)] and a higher consumption of wine [1.85 (1.48-2.32)] and beer [2.21 (1.68-2.90)], but a lower prevalence of smoking and a lower intake of liquor. They showed a lower intake of red meat [0.80 (0.71-0.91)], but a similar intake of other tested dietary factors. Gouty patients’ lifestyle is still partially different from the recommended.
Perinatal Outcomes of Monochorionic-Diamniotic Twin Pregnancies Uncomplicated at 28 Weeks of Gestation
Authors: Suzuki Shunji
Published: May 2016

We examined the prevalence of specific perinatal complications of monochorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancies in cases without any abnormal findings until the second trimester of pregnancy. This was a retrospective cohort study performed at a tertiary perinatal center in Tokyo, Japan. There were 88 cases of uncomplicated monochorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancies at 28 weeks of gestation. In five of them (5.7%), there were serious complications associated with placental circulatory imbalance between the twins during the third trimester of pregnancy. Two cases were complicated by twin–twin transfusion syndrome, two cases were complicated by twin anemia–polycythemia sequence, and one case was complicated by acute twin–twin transfusion syndrome. In the five cases, no abnormal ultrasonographic findings or symptoms were recognized one or two weeks prior to the diagnosis. Fifty-eight cases (65.9%) were delivered at term uneventfully. Serious complications due to placental circulatory imbalance between twins occurred in about 6% of cases during the third trimester of pregnancy.
Institutions and Investment in the South and East Asia and Pacific Region: Evidence from Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yerrabati Sridevi , Hawkes Denise Donna
Published: May 2016

The ability of any country to attract inward FDI is considered to depend on the quality of the economic governance found within that state. This study seeks to explore the value of quality economic governance in attracting FDI in South and East Asia by meta-synthesising 771 estimates from 48 empirical studies published between 1980 and 2012. The authors find evidence that countries with good quality regulation and low levels of corruption are able to attract more FDI. They also find that countries with stronger legal systems are rewarded with higher levels of inward FDI. The results of the meta-regression suggest that investing in quality economic governance is rewarded in the global economy through high levels of inward FDI.