bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity of mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) in Vietnam based on cox1 gene fragments
Authors: PHAT LE TAN , QUANG HOANG TAN , HUY NGUYEN VAN , BINH MAC NHU , CHAT TON THAT
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Phat LT, Quang HT, Huy NV, Binh MN, Chat TT. 2024. Genetic diversity of mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) in Vietnam based on cox1 gene fragments. Biodiversitas 25: 4379-4388. Mud crab (Scylla paramamosain Estampador 1950) is a commonly found resource throughout Vietnam, with increasing exports each year. However, production is yet to be able to meet consumer demand, which continues to increase, leading to consistently high market prices. Accurately estimating genetic variation in mud crab populations is crucial for developing conservation management strategies for highly exploited fishery resources. In this study, genetic variations and population structure of S. paramamosain were examined by analyzing the nucleotide sequences of a 780 base pairs (bp) region of the mitochondrial cox1 gene from three populations across thirteen collection sites in Vietnam, covering a diverse geographical range. A total of 45 individuals were examined, the cox1 gene sequences were aligned, and 17 haplotypes were identified, with two of these haplotypes being shared by the populations. The haplotype diversity ranged from 0.57143 (Thua Thien Hue) to 0.80000 (Ca Mau). The haplotype network displayed that the haplotypes were divided into two clusters with Hap_3 as the center. Pairwise Fst values between populations ranged low, from 0-0.01266. The AMOVA results highlighted that within-population variation (99.85%) was higher than among-population variation (0.15%). Findings from neutral tests and mismatch analysis suggested implications for mud crab population dynamics. S. paramamosain in Vietnam showed high genetic diversity within the populations, as shown by low genetic variation and the significant gene flow between populations when analyzing the cox1 gene. These results underscore the interconnectedness of the mud crab population and provide a foundation for establishing an enduring mud crab farming initiative in Vietnam.
Assessing farmer’s perceptions of Sunda leopard cats (Prionailurus javanensis) in rice fields area of West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: FAKHRI AHMAD , RIZALDI RIZALDI , AADREAN AADREAN
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Fakhri A, Rizaldi, Aadrean. 2024. Assessing farmer’s perceptions of Sunda leopard cats (Prionailurus javanensis) in rice fields area of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4397-4405. Land use change in agricultural areas has caused wildlife to adapt to living in these areas, such as rice fields. Sunda leopard cats (Prionailurus javanensis) in rice fields have rice field rats as their main prey, which are pests. This cat is useful as a biocontrol of rat pests, but human activities threaten its presence. This study aims to determine farmers' perceptions of the importance of Sunda leopard cat’s presence, its conservation and protection, and farmer participation in its conservation in rice fields of Nagari Batu Taba, Agam Regency, West Sumatra. In June 2023, we employed purposive sampling and conducted semi-structured interviews involving 27 farmers. A mixed-methods approach was used to analyze the data. The results of this study showed that farmers' perceptions were in the 'Good' category for the importance of the cat's presence (76.74%), for conservation and protection (78.08%), and for farmer participation in conservation efforts (93%) in rice fields of Nagari Batu Taba. Farmers recognize the important role of these cats in the rice field ecosystem as a biological pest control of rice field rats. However, human activities in human-dominated landscapes pose a threat to the survival of these cats. Coexisting in the same area has motivated farmers to undertake conservation efforts to protect cat presence in the rice fields. Therefore, effective conservation efforts involving farmers, researchers, government agencies, and non-governmental organizations are essential. However, the need for further research to develop conservation strategies and evaluate the conservation status of Sunda leopard cat is urgent and cannot be overstated.
Diversity and ethnobotany of plants used as natural dye in traditional woven by local community in Belu District, Indonesia
Authors: SERAN WILHELMINA , KAHO LUDJI MICHAEL RIWU , PELLONDO’U MAMIE ELSYANA , MAU ASTIN ELISE , AINI YUSRATUL , KAHO NORMAN P. L. B. RIWU , SOIMIN MUHAMAD
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Seran W, Kaho LMR, Pellondo’u ME, Mau AE, Aini Y, Kaho NPLBR, Soimin M. 2024. Diversity and ethnobotany of plants used as natural dye in traditional woven by local community in Belu Regency, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4415-4424. Natural dye plants used by indigenous people for coloring woven fabrics are considered an important and unique Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK), especially in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, which has high biodiversity and endemicity. This study is aimed to document the diversity, conservation status and ethnobotanical knowledge of dye-producing plant species used by local community in Belu District, East Nusa Tenggara Province. We used in-depth interviews with local weavers to collect data on plants used as natural dyes and observed the processes of extracting dyes and coloring the yarn. We documented 18 plant species used as dye for traditional tenun ikat (tied woven). The coloring process includes oiling the yarn, tying, measuring, dyeing, and drying, followed by weaving process. Stems and leaves are the most used part for producing dyes (each with 39%), followed by rhizomes (11%), fruits (6%) and roots (5%). Based on conservation status, only one species is conservation concern with status of endangered, i.e., Tectona grandis L.f., which produce purple and red colors. This study is useful as a record to preserve the rich ethnobotanical knowledge on the use of plants for coloring materials in the eastern region of Indonesia, and to raise awareness of the importance of documenting and conserving traditional plant-based practices.
Genetic variability and multi-trait selection of biomass and stalk juice for bioenergy in sorghum segregating populations
Authors: DARE DARIUS , TRIKOESOEMANINGTYAS TRIKOESOEMANINGTYAS , WIRNAS DESTA , SOEPANDI DIDY
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Dare D, Trikoesoemaningtyas, Wirnas D, Soepandi D. 2024. Genetic variability and multi-trait selection of biomass and stalk juice for bioenergy in sorghum segregating populations. Biodiversitas 25: 4425-4437. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a promising crop for biofuel production due to its high sugar content in stem juice, which can be converted into bioethanol. However, the challenge for plant breeders developing bioenergy sorghum is creating superior genotypes with enhanced biomass-related traits. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic variability and multi-trait selection of biomass and stalk juice in sorghum segregating populations. A total of 320 F2 genotypes and six check genotypes were evaluated. Observed parameters included biomass-related traits and grain yield. Data analysis comprised gene action and genetic parameter estimation, Pearson correlation, path analysis, transgressive segregant estimation, multi-trait selection, cluster, and principal component analysis. The results showed high genetic variability for biomass-related traits, with coefficients of variation for fresh biomass and juice volume of 40.64% and 68.03%, respectively. Broad-sense heritability for these traits ranged from low (0%) to high (89.27) and was influenced by additive genes and complementary epistasis. All characters showed significant correlations with target traits, except for the Brix value. Direct selection for juice volume and fresh biomass weight can be achieved through stem weight. The transgressive index revealed high values, with transgressive segregants at 5.43% and 1.94%, respectively. Multi characters selection identified the 26 best genotypes for further testing.
Diversity of Vibrio spp. as pathogenic bacteria and their antimicrobial resistance profile isolated from Penaeus vannamei ponds
Authors: AMALIA ROSA , WINDARTO SETO , SIBERO MADA TRIANDALA , SAPUTRA DION
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Amalia R, Windarto S, Sibero MT, Saputra D. 2024. Diversity of Vibrio spp. as pathogenic bacteria and their antimicrobial resistance profile isolated from Penaeus vannamei ponds. Biodiversitas 25: 4450-4461. Vibriosis is one of the most severe diseases affecting brackish aquaculture systems. The objective of this study was to investigate the diversity of unspeciated Vibrio spp. and antimicrobial resistance patterns of pathogenic Vibrio sp. bacteria isolated from Penaeus vannamei Boone 1931 ponds. Water and sediment samples were collected from several intensive ponds at the Marine Science Techno Park (MSTP), Universitas Diponegoro, Jepara, Indonesia. The result showed that the total vibrio count (TVC) ranged from 0.46×107 to 7.07×107 CFU mL-1 in water samples and from 4.73×107 to 20.07×107 (2.01×108) CFU mL-1 in sediment samples. In total, 150 bacterial cultures were successfully isolated. Furthermore, yellow, greenish-yellow, green, and dark green bacterial colonies were observed on the TCBS agar. Four out of the 150 isolates bacteria, T3.S.1, T1.B.1, T2.S.1, and TK.A.1 were selected based on different genetic profiles and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. These isolates belonged to the genus Vibrio and were closely related to Vibrio alginolyticus, Photobacterium damselae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio harveyi. The results of antibiotic resistance revealed that gentamicin (Cn); ampicilin (Amp); ciprofloxacin (Cip); tetracycline (Te); chloramphenicol (C); and amoxcicilin (Aml) were ineffective against V. alginolyticus, P. damselae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. harveyi, finding indicates that these bacteria were resistant to antibiotics. Only P. damselae showed intermediate resistance to chloramphenicol (C). Further research is necessary to detect antibiotic resistance genes and virulence genes in these isolates.
Species diversity of Odonata in Mt. Gutom Protected Landscape, Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines
Authors: DICOL JALILAH P. , MONDEJAR EDDIE P. , VILLANUEVA REAGAN JOSEPH T.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Dicol JP, Mondejar EP, Villanueva RJT. 2024. Species diversity of Odonata in Mt. Gutom Protected Landscape, Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines. Biodiversitas 25: 4479-4486. Mount Gutom Protected Landscape is one of the remaining natural forests and one of the most important watersheds in the province of Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines. This study aimed to assess the species diversity and endemism of Odonata on Mt. Gutom. The field sampling was conducted on 7-20 December 2022. A combination of sweep netting and opportunistic sampling methods were used to collect samples. The five sampling sites were established in the forested and agricultural areas where water bodies and open areas are present. A total of 331 individuals belonging to 27 species of Odonata and representing 9 families and 18 genera were recorded at the five sampling sites. The endemism of Odonata was recorded at 59.26%, including two species under the near threatened category of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Also, the Philippine endemic Diplacina bolivari Selys, 1882 and Euphaea amphicyana Ris, 1930 were the most dominant and abundant dragonfly and damselfly species in three sampling sites, respectively. All sampling sites recorded moderate diversity, with a diversity index (H') value ranging from 1.724 to 2.694. Analysis of Similarity (ANOSIM) and dissimilarity between sampling sites showed that the highest average similarities were observed in the sampling sites located along the Sikitan River, agroecosystem, and Lower Gutom (67.41%), while sampling sites in Malikas and Upper Gutom had 90.59% dissimilarity. The results advocate the importance of protecting and conserving Mt. Gutom Protected Landscape to sustain the availability of resources required to support the different taxa present.
Wildlife existence and potential threats in Pelangi Forest Biosite of Ijen Geopark, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: SIDDIQ ARIF MOHAMMAD , KURNIANTO AGUNG SIH , SULISTIYOWATI HARI , WIJAYA MUHAMAD TENTREM , RATNASARI TRI , DEWI NILASARI , UTAMI EVA TYAS , AYUNINGTYAS TANTRI RARAS
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Siddiq AM, Kurnianto AS, Sulistiyowati H, Wijaya MT, Ratnasari T, Dewi N, Utami ET, Ayuningtyas TR. 2024. Wildlife existence and potential threats in Pelangi Forest Biosite of Ijen Geopark, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4487-4497. A comprehensive study of the diverse wildlife and potential threats at the Pelangi Forest Biosite (Rainbow Forest Biosite, RFB) of Ijen Geopark, East Java, Indonesia was conducted in May 2023. Bird and primate observations were carried out using the point count method, while herpetofauna observation was conducted using the Visual Encounter Survey (VES). Data collection on potential threats to community activities in the RFB used a questionnaire survey method. Data analysis used the Diversity Index (H’), Existence factor (Ef), and scale-Likert for potential threats. The Pelangi Forest is home to an impressive 62 wildlife species, including six amphibian species, nine reptile species, 46 bird species, and one primate species. The value of wildlife species diversity in RFB, calculated using the Shannon-Wiener index, is remarkably high (H= 3.48). The wildlife species in the Pelangi Forest had an average existence value of 41.94%, indicating a moderate uniqueness level, with the Javan lutung (Trachypithecus auratus (É.Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812)) standing out with the highest Ef value (80%). According to Likert-scale analysis, potential threats to biodiversity in the RFB of Ijen Geopark are relatively low (23.54%). However, some crucial notes for evaluating the conservation plan, namely the illegal poaching or hunting of wildlife species, such as birds and large mammals, still occur. Therefore, implementing education-based tourism, such as birdwatching or wildlife observation, can increase awareness and knowledge about conservation for tourists and society.
State of sediment transport and seagrass distribution under the combined action of velocity and current direction
Authors: UMAR WIDYASTUTI , HASIM HENDRA , MOKA WILMA JOANNA CAROLINA
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Umar W, Hasim H, Moka WJC. 2024. State of sediment transport and seagrass distribution under the combined action of velocity and current direction. Biodiversitas 25: 4515-4524. This research delves into the intricate dynamics of sediment transport and seagrass distribution on the West Coast of Bone Bay, Indonesia, specifically focusing on the profound influence of ocean currents. Our data, meticulously collected from Karang-Karangan, Siwa, and Sembilan Island, reveal a compelling narrative. We employed quantitative methods, including measuring ocean current speeds using Marotte current meters, which recorded velocities ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 m/s. Sediment samples were analyzed for grain size, with median sizes ranging from 233 µm (fine sand) to 626 µm (coarse sand). Sedimentation rates, a key indicator, were measured using sediment traps, recorded between 10 and 50 mg/cm²/day. Seagrass cover was assessed through line transect sampling, revealing cover percentages from 28 to 45% across the study sites. The results, a testament to the power of scientific inquiry, indicate that Sembilan Island had the highest sedimentation rates and seagrass coverage, which correlates with its unique hydrodynamic conditions, particularly the southward-directed currents. These findings underscore the critical relationship between ocean currents, sediment transport, and seagrass ecosystems, which are essential for the proposed designation of Bone Bay as a marine protected area. This research underscores the importance of combining quantitative data with a thorough understanding of environmental interactions to effectively manage and conserve coastal ecosystems. Further studies are recommended to explore the detailed mechanisms of these interactions, paving the way for a deeper understanding of our natural world.
Ecosophy as a form of protection for the Tapanuli Orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) in the Batang Toru Landscape, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: LESMANA YUDHA , BASUNI SAMBAS , SOEKMADI RINEKSO
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Lesmana Y, Basuni S, Soekmadi R. 2024. Ecosophy as a form of protection for the Tapanuli Orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) in the Batang Toru Landscape, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4535-4542. Forest clearing for economic development often conflicts with saving biodiversity. Forest clearing by humans to date has been anthropocentric in its utilization of forest resources, which are still classified as exploitative in the Batang Toru Landscape, South Tapanuli District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. As a result, the Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) become alienated in its own home and migrates to community gardens for get food. The community considers orangutans to be very cruel by stealing and destroying their plantation products, which results in a decrease in economic income, triggering human-orangutan conflict. Local communities carry out evictions in various ways based on their initiatives and experiences. This study aims to analyze the concept of ecosophy (ecological philosophy)and factors of human-orangutan conflict as an alternative conservation of wild and endangered species protection. The research location focused on six sub-districts of the Tapanuli orangutan range in the other-use forest area of South Tapanuli District. This research used qualitative methods through interviews and discussions with communities living around the forest. The results showed that the concept of ecosophy can integrate intellectual, spiritual, and emotional dimensions at all levels of education for public awareness of the importance of protecting the Tapanuli orangutan. Higher levels of education showed positive results towards saving the Tapanuli orangutan. This study suggests that a long-term solution to human-orangutan conflict requires a comprehensive approach that emphasizes the ecosophy between humans and nature.
Unveiling the occurrence of vulnerable Sisorid catfish (Teleostei: Sisoridae) in Bangka based on morphological and molecular evidence
Authors: VALEN FITRI S. , MAMAT NOORHIDAYAH B. , SOUTH JOSIE , OTTONI FELIPE P. , VIEIRA LUCAS O. , KAMARUDIN AHMAD S. , AFANDI AHMAD Y. , HASAN VERYL
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Valen FS, Mamat NB, South J, Ottoni FP, Vieira LO, Kamarudin AS, Afandi AY, Hasan V. 2024. Unveiling the occurrence of vulnerable Sisorid catfish (Teleostei: Sisoridae) in Bangka based on morphological and molecular evidence. Biodiversitas 25: 4543-4550. Glyptothorax robustus Boeseman 1966 is a vulnerable catfish species that is known to be distributed across Java and Sumatra. The objective of this research is to document, for the first time, the presence of G. robustus in Bangka, Indonesia, and to update the species' geographic distribution. This discovery of a freshwater fish in a new location significantly contributes to the understanding of its biogeography. A purpose-sampling approach was employed to collect the specimens. The species were identified morphologically and molecularly through DNA barcoding. On 20 January 2023, five G. robustus specimens were collected from the Bumang River in Bangka Island using fish traps. The occurrence of G. robustus at this location represents the most northerly record of this species and extends its known geographic range. Additionally, this new site is approximately 200 km north of the nearest known location on Sumatra Island and 300 km north of the nearest known location in Java. This record expands the documented distribution range of G. robustus and enhances our understanding of this species. Furthermore, an updated record of the G. robustus DNA sequence from the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene is presented. This sequence constitutes the first DNA barcode for Indonesia and has the potential to support future studies in biogeographical and ichthyological research. The DNA sequence was registered in NCBI GenBank under the accession code OR144414. This DNA barcode can serve as a standard for identifying G. robustus and will support future DNA and biotechnology-based studies.
Morphometric variation and ecological niche differentiation in Hyophila apiculata and H. involuta from karst microhabitats in Kanchanaburi, Thailand
Authors: SAWANGPROH WEERACHON
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Sawangproh W. 2024. Morphometric variation and ecological niche differentiation in Hyophila apiculata and H. involuta from karst microhabitats in Kanchanaburi, Thailand. Biodiversitas 25: 4551-4560. Karst environments, characterized by limestone and dolomite formations, host diverse ecosystems shaped by unique geological features such as sinkholes, caves, and underground rivers. These landscapes foster adaptations among flora and fauna, showcasing phenotypic plasticity that enables species to thrive in challenging conditions. This study examines the morphometric variation between Hyophila apiculata M.Fleisch. and H. involuta (Hook.) A.Jaeger in arid karst microhabitats of Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. Surveys conducted across 86 sampling points revealed predominantly allopatric populations, with H. apiculata present in 26 sites (30%) and H. involuta in 58 sites (68%). Sympatric occurrences were rare, found at only two points (2%). Leaf morphometric analyses demonstrated that H. involuta exhibits wider leaves and larger leaf areas compared to H. apiculata, which features longer and wider median and apical leaf cells with thicker cell walls. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated distinct morphological clusters for the two species, though some overlap was observed, suggesting the possibility of hybridization or transitional forms. These findings underscore the ecological niche differentiation and adaptive strategies of these moss species, enhancing our understanding of plant diversity and resilience in calcareous environments. This research contributes to the broader conservation efforts in these sensitive areas, emphasizing the need for preserving karst ecosystems that harbor unique biological communities and serve as indicators of environmental health. Such insights are critical for developing effective conservation strategies aimed at safeguarding the rich biodiversity found in karst landscapes.
Diversity of bird-feeding guilds in Bukit Mas Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: HUSNA FAIRUZ , NURHAYATI NURHAYATI , PATRIA MUFTI PETALA , WINARNI NURUL LAKSMI
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Husna F, Nurhayati, Patria MP, Winarni NL. 2024. Diversity of bird-feeding guilds in Bukit Mas Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4572-4580. Birds are one of the essential components of the ecosystem. Like other organisms, birds provide significant services to maintain the balance of the ecosystem. Resource availability in different habitats may lead to differences in the composition of bird functional groups, such as feeding guilds. We conducted research to analyze differences between bird-feeding guilds of three habitats: residential areas, plantations, and forest edges. The research was conducted in Bukit Mas Village, Besitang District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The village is one of the areas directly adjoining Gunung Leuser National Park. The observation was carried out from August to September 2023. Observation was conducted using the point-count method with a 100 m radius for 10 minutes. Sixteen observation points (150-200 m distance per point) were placed in residential areas and plantations, and eight observation points were placed in forest-edge. A total of 87 species and 1,703 individual birds were sighted within the observation, with the highest number found in residential habitats. The highest Shannon Diversity Index (SHDI) is found in forest edge habitat (H’=3.25), followed by plantation (H’=3.17) and residential habitat (H’=2.86). Extrapolation using the iNEXT package shows higher diversity in forest edge as well. The most abundant feeding guild found in the residential habitat were omnivores, while the commonest feeding guild in the plantation habitat were insectivores. In the forest edge habitat, the most abundant feeding guild was insectivore-frugivores. The forest edge habitat also has different least common feeding guilds, having three least feeding guilds, including piscivores, granivores, and insectivore-piscivores. NMDS analysis shows a closer similarity between residential areas and plantations based on species richness and a closer similarity between plantation and forest edge based on feeding guilds. Our result shows a negative correlation between canopy coverage and several feeding guilds. However, the correlation between understory coverage and some feeding guilds shows positive results. It might occur due to the foraging behavior of some birds from particular guilds. The variety of resources and feeding guilds found in different habitats suggested the importance of these habitats and the need to manage them as a landscape for protecting bird diversity.
Flowering and fruiting phenology in two varieties of grapes (Vitis vinifera) in tropical regions, Indonesia
Authors: KAMILA SERI , WIDODO WINARSO DERAJAD , SANTOSA EDI , SUHARTANTO M. RAHMAT
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Kamila S, Widodo WD, Santosa E, Suhartanto MR. 2024. Flowering and fruiting phenology in two varieties of grapes (Vitis vinifera) in tropical regions, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4593-4602. Determining harvest time is a crucial phase in the production of high-quality grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). Traditional indicators, such as the number of days after pruning, the flowering period, and changes in skin color, are often unreliable. The variations in planting locations, particularly between lowland and highland areas, significantly influence temperature and climate conditions. These factors, especially in tropical regions with high rainfall, complicate the estimation of the harvest time, necessitating precise harvest handling. To determine grapes' ripeness level, a more accurate method, such as the heat unit method or accumulated heat unit, is required. This method considers the actual average temperature obtained by plants while in the field until they reach optimal maturity for harvest. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the heat units (°C per day) required from anthesis to harvest as a measurable criterion for assessing the ripeness of Jupiter and Transfiguration grape varieties. Additionally, it also focused on identifying the flowering and fruiting phenology of grapes in Indonesia, located in a tropical climate. The results showed that the two grape varieties can be harvested with a heating unit for Jupiter of 2521°C and Transfiguration of 2527°C. There was no difference between the two, but there was a significant difference in fruit diameter and metabolite compound content. These findings have significant practical implications for grape growers in tropical regions, providing them with a more accurate method for determining harvest time and improving the quality of their grapes.
Soil organic carbon across varying habitat conditions in the mangrove ecosystem in Sembilang National Park, South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: AGUSTRIANI FITRI , ISKANDAR ISKHAQ , YAZID MUHAMMAD , ULQODRY TENGKU ZIA , FAUZIYAH FAUZIYAH
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Agustriani F, Iskandar I, Yazid M, Ulqodry TZ, Fauziyah. 2024. Soil organic carbon across varying habitat conditions in the mangrove ecosystem in Sembilang National Park, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4603-4612. Mangrove ecosystems play an important role in the global carbon cycle, but the Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) stock in these systems was not well-documented in some areas, including in Sembilang National Park (SNP), South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. This study aimed to estimate the SOC values of the mangrove ecosystem under different habitat conditions/management zones in the SNP area, namely natural mangroves, restored ponds, mudflats, human settlements, and post-fire forests. Soil samples were collected at depth intervals of 0 to 50 cm from the five different habitat conditions. Soil samples were then analyzed using the loss-of-ignition method for estimating the SOC stock. Mangrove density was assessed using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) method. Statistical analyses of Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s post-hoc tests with a significance threshold of 0.05 were used to examine differences in SOC stocks across habitat types. The result showed that the average SOC in the mangrove ecosystem in the SNP area was 177.26±60.20 Mg C ha-1. Natural mangroves had the highest SOC value with 220.98 Mg C ha-1 followed by settlements (174.18 Mg C ha-1), mudflats (160.87 Mg C ha-1), and post-fire forests (156.84 Mg C ha-1), while restored pond had the lowest with 114.07 Mg C ha-1. Significant differences in SOC values were found among habitat conditions according to the Kruskal-Wallis test (p = 0.01<0.05), but only between natural mangroves and restored ponds were statistically significant based on post-hoc analysis (Dunn's, p = 0.01<0.05). This result demonstrated that land use changes (as in the case of ponds) affect SOC in the mangrove ecosystem, implying the importance of conserving the remaining natural mangroves and restoring the degraded mangrove habitats (e.g. pond, post-fire area) in the SNP area. This study suggests that an effort should be considered to integrate soil carbon into green economic plans, especially the mangrove conservation in the Banyuasin coastal wetlands.
Diversity of epilithic diatoms from coral reef ecosystem of Bawean Island, Indonesia
Authors: LUTHFI OKTIYAS MUZAKY , RISJANI YENNY , SUBRAMANI NAGARAJ , RYBAK MATEUSZ , PARK JINSOON , BĄK MAŁGORZATA , WITKOWSKI ANDRZEJ
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Luthfi OM, Risjani Y, Subramani N, Rybak M, Park J, B?k M, Witkowski A. 2024. Diversity of epilithic diatoms from coral reef ecosystem of Bawean Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4642-4663. This study investigates the diversity and community structure of epilithic diatoms in the coral reef ecosystems of Bawean Island, Indonesia. A total of 137 taxa from 49 genera were identified from coral rubble habitats across four distinct locations. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H') and Dominance Index (C) were used to assess species diversity and dominance, revealing that Station 4 exhibited the highest diversity (H' = 3.88) and lowest dominance (C = 0.03), while Station 2 had the lowest diversity (H' = 2.55) and highest dominance (C = 0.09). Evenness values (E = 0.9) were consistent across all sites, indicating a uniform distribution of species. The findings suggest that coral rubble provides unique microhabitats conducive to diatom diversity, challenging the conventional understanding that habitat diversity correlates positively with species diversity. The study also compares Bawean Island's diatom diversity with other regions, noting its intermediate diversity level, which may be influenced by its geographical position between Kalimantan and Java. The presence of dominant species like Diploneis crabro, Petroneis marina, Halamphora coffeiformis, and Trachyneis aspera underscores the ecological significance of these diatoms in coral reef ecosystems. This research fills a significant gap in our understanding of the marine biodiversity and ecological dynamics of Bawean Island, highlighting the importance of diatoms in maintaining the health and stability of coral reef ecosystems and its potential implications for future research and conservation efforts.
DNA barcoding of intertidal barnacles as potential bioindicators of microplastic pollution in Seribu Islands and Jakarta Bay, Indonesia
Authors: RAUFANDA MIFTAKHUL SEFTI , PRABOWO ROMANUS EDY , NURYANTO AGUS
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Raufanda MS, Prabowo RE, Nuryanto A. 2024. DNA barcoding of intertidal barnacles as potential bioindicators of microplastic pollution in Seribu Islands and Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4664-4676. Barnacles, with their sessile nature and filter-feeding behavior, hold significant potential as bioindicators of microplastic pollution. Due to the diverse morphotypes across barnacle species, DNA barcoding is a reliable technique for accurate taxonomic identification. This research aimed to determine intertidal barnacle species and identify potential bioindicators of microplastic pollution in Seribu Islands and Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Barnacle samples were collected from seven locations using purposive sampling. Microplastic characteristics were analyzed visually and polymer-type testing was performed using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Data was analyzed using Pearson correlation and bioconcentration factors to determine potential microplastic bioindicator species based on three criteria. The significance level was set at p<0.05 and all statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. Four species of intertidal barnacles were identified in Seribu Islands and Jakarta Bay, namely Amphibalanus amphitrite, Striatobalanus amaryllis, Amphibalanus zhujiangensis, and Newmanella radiata. DNA barcoding was used to determine the first three species, while morphological analysis identified the fourth species. The microplastic particle count varied among the species, with A. amphitrite showing the highest concentration at 42-53 particles/g. Due to its clear taxonomy, ease of surveying, and wide distribution, A. amphitrite has strong potential as a bioindicator of microplastic pollution, as it can accumulate more than other species.
Effects of colchicine on polyploid induction, morphology, and yield components of several Thai rice varieties
Authors: SURSON SUNTAREE , SITTHAPHANIT SUPHASIT , PRACHACHIT JAKKAPAT , JITJAK THARADOL , WONGKERSON KHUMPANAT
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Surson S, Sitthaphanti S, Prachachit J, Jitjak T, Wongkerson K. 2024. Effects of colchicine on polyploid induction, morphology, and yield components of several Thai rice varieties. Biodiversitas 25: 4677-4689. Rice (Oryza sativa) is a Thai staple food and is different from foreign rice in its characteristics. By producing polyploids, rice cultivation becomes resistant to unfavorable climatic conditions and produces good yields and good tastes. Inducing polyploidy can improve Thai rice. This research aimed to induce polyploid formation in Thai rice to be used as a breeding source for improving Thai polyploid rice in the future. This study created polyploids from 10 Thai rice varieties to test colchicine's impact on morphology and yield. Colchicine-treated rice plants were tested for polyploidy at 4 months of age using flow cytometry and awn seed characteristics. The results showed that colchicine treatment and varied exposure periods at 1 month of age significantly affected germination and abnormalities in rice varieties. Variations in rice varieties and exposure times resulted in varying morphological and yield component attributes at 3 months. All colchicine-treated rice types had 5-90% awn seeds. This study reveals that rice varieties and exposure durations affect the morphology and features of yield components. Awn seeds determined rice polyploidy, which varied by variety. Blackberry has the most awn-seed plants (90%), followed by Maejo 2 (60%), and Homnaka (60%).
Molecular identification of rhizospheric Actinomycetes from karst ecosystems of Gorontalo, Indonesia, and its seed germination induction capability of Zea mays var. doti
Authors: RETNOWATI YULIANA , KATILI ABUBAKAR SIDIK , KANDOWANGKO NOVRI YOULA , PEMBENGO WAWAN
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Retnowati Y, Katili AS, Kandowangko NY, Pembengo W. 2024. Molecular identification of rhizospheric Actinomycetes from karst ecosystems of Gorontalo, Indonesia, and its seed germination induction capability of Zea mays var. doti. Biodiversitas 25: 4763-4771. Karst, as an extreme ecosystem, was a source of diverse Actinomycetes with varied biological activities. This study explored the plant-growth-promoting potential of rhizospheric Actinomycetes from the karst ecosystem of Gorontalo, with a focus on inducing seed germination in Zea mays var. doti. Four locations in Gorontalo were selected to explore Actinomycetes, targeting approximately 20 different rhizospheric plant species to isolate these microorganisms. Among the 25 isolates obtained, representing diverse morphological types from 12 rhizospheric plants, eight actinomycete isolates exhibited phosphate-solubilizing activity and produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that approximately 75% of the isolates belonged to the Streptomyces genus, including Streptomyces cavourensis strain KRZm-02, Streptomyces sp. strain KRZm-03, Streptomyces pratensis strain KRLl-01, Streptomyces carpaticus strain KRIt-01, Streptomyces sp. strain KRIt-02, and Streptomyces aquilus strain KRPa-01. Additionally, 12.5% of the isolates were identified as Nocardiopsis alba strain KRZm-01 and Micromonospora sp. strain KRPt-01, respectively. The two isolates with the highest plant-growth-promoting potential, Streptomyces pratensis strain KRLl-01 and Streptomyces carpaticus strain KRIt-01, were further tested for their ability to promote germination of Zea mays var. doti seeds over 7 days. Among the two, Streptomyces carpaticus strain KRIt-01 exhibited the highest germination-inducing potential. Overall, the karst ecosystem of Gorontalo offers a valuable reservoir of biological resources with the potential for Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). Further studies on the application of these actinomycete isolates as biofertilizers in agricultural and plantation crops could significantly contribute to improving crop growth and productivity, thereby revolutionizing agricultural practices.
Lepidoptera diversity in Ndodang Forest, Ngawi, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: UTAMI SRI , NURYATMAN PAMELIA , DEWI NURUL KUSUMA
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Utami S, Nuryatman P, Dewi NK. 2024. Lepidoptera diversity in Ndodang Forest, Ngawi, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4772-4780. The Ndodang Ngawi Forest is characterized by many species of teak (Tectona grandis) and rosewood (Dalbergia latifolia) trees that grow there, but the richness of its flora and fauna has not been explored and identified. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the diversity of Lepidoptera in Ndodang Ngawi Forest, East Java, Indonesia, and the physicochemical environmental factors affecting their presence. The experiment was conducted from March to May 2023, where Rhopalocera (butterfly) analysis was carried out using the pollard transect method. This approach periodically monitored the presence of butterfly and the sweep net technique was used as the sampling method. Heterocera (moth) analysis was carried out using a light trap technique determined by the purposive sampling method. A total of three study stations were set, namely the area in forest, edge, and riverbank areas. The results of the Lepidoptera study recorded 8 families, consisting of 37 species and 639 individuals, with Nymphalidae and Catopsilia pomona being the most prevalent, while Papilionidae family, Elymnias hypermnestra had 2 individuals. In addition to the influence of plant vegetation, the diversity of Lepidoptera species was also affected by environmental physicochemical factors. The air temperature of the Ndodang Forest with an average of 29.3OC, humidity of 65%RH, and light intensity of 3629 lux contributed to the survival of these species. Diversity data were processed using Microsoft Excel, including the Shannon-Wienner diversity, Evenness, and Simpson Dominance indices. Based on the analysis, the values obtained were categorized as medium (1<H'<3), indicating moderate diversity, species evenness was large (E> 0.6), and there were no dominating species (D < 0.5). Lepidoptera diversity in the Ndodang Forest is in the medium category. The evenness index shows the even distribution of the population in the Ndodang Forest area, so that the dominance index is relatively low in this area or there is no dominance of certain types of butterfly species. The diversity of Lepidoptera species is influenced by the presence of vegetation which is a source of food and also environmental physico-chemical factors such as air temperature, light intensity and air humidity. The more and more diverse types of vegetation that provide food sources, the greater the diversity of Lepidoptera.
Environmental determinants of reef fish community structure in Sempu Strait, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: ISDIANTO ANDIK , GIBRAN KHALIL , YAMINDAGO ADE , SARI SYARIFAH HIKMAH JULINDA , YANUAR ADI TIYA , SETYONINGRUM DESY , SETYANTO ARIEF , HIDAYAH LISA NUR , MARSELA KRISTINA , HAYKAL MUCHAMAD FAIRUZ , FATHAH AULIA LANUDIA , PUTRI BERLANIA MAHARDIKA , SUPRIYADI SUPRIYADI , LUTHFI OKTIYAS MUZAKY , PRATIWI DWI CANDRA
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Isdianto A, Gibran K, Yamindago A, Sari SHJ, Yanuar AT, Setyoningrum D, Setyanto A, Hidayah LN, Marsela K, Haykal MF, Fathah AL, Putri BM, Supriyadi, Luthfi OM, Pratiwi DC. 2024. Environmental determinants of reef fish community structure in Sempu Strait, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4781-4789. The Rumah Apung located in Sempu Strait, Malang District, East Java, Indonesia, is home to diverse coral reef ecosystems that provide vital ecological services and support local livelihoods. However, these ecosystems face significant threats from both natural environmental changes and anthropogenic activities. Understanding how environmental factors influence reef fish communities is critical to inform effective conservation strategies. This study investigated the influence of environmental factors on the community structure of coral reef fish in the Sempu Strait waters, East Java, using Underwater Visual Census (UVC) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Conducted from August 2023 to May 2024 at the Sempu Strait Floating House Station, this study aimed to assess the impact of water quality, substrate type, and food availability on the diversity and abundance of coral reef fish. The main results revealed a significant correlation between the community structure of coral reef fish and environmental variables such as water clarity, salinity (r = 0.65, p<0.01), pH (r = 0.55, p<0.05), dissolved oxygen (r = 0.70, p<0.01), and sediment type. Seasonal variations significantly affected water quality, with cold nutrient-rich water during the east monsoon increasing fish biomass by about 30%. Human activities, especially recreational diving and fishing activities, were correlated with a 20% decline in coral reef fish populations, highlighting the anthropogenic pressure on this ecosystem. PCA provides insight into the complex interdependencies within coral reef ecosystems, illustrating how multiple environmental factors combine to influence reef fish dynamics. The study concludes that effective management and conservation strategies, such as establishing marine protected areas, implementing community-based monitoring programs, and promoting sustainable tourism practices, are essential, supported by regular environmental monitoring, are essential to maintain the biodiversity and ecological integrity of coral reefs in the Sempu Strait. These strategies should address both natural environmental changes and anthropogenic impacts to mitigate their adverse effects on coral reef ecosystem conditions.
Impacts of climate change on forest restoration dynamics in the lower montane forest of Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Northern Thailand
Authors: THINKAMPHEANG SATHID , NAKASHIZUKA TOHRU , SUKSAVATE WARONG , KACHINA PANIDA , HERMHUK SUTHEERA , ASANOK LAMTHAI , PHUMPHUANG WONGSATORN , CHOUIBUMROONG BHUPICHIT , WU JIANPING , KUROKAWA HIROKO , MAROD DOKRAK
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Thinkampheang S, Nakashizuka T, Suksavate W, Kachina P, Hermhuk S, Asanok L, Phumphuang W, Chouibumroong B, Wu J, Kurokawa H, Marod D. 2024. Impacts of climate change on forest restoration dynamics in the lower montane forest of Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Northern Thailand. Biodiversitas 25: 4829-4845. Lower montane forest ecosystems are rich in biodiversity but prone to anthropogenic and natural disturbances. Forest restoration aims to emulate natural succession, particularly concerning tree species composition. In this study, we investigated the effects of different forest restoration practices on tree regeneration and the impact of climate change on forest dynamics following restoration in a natural lower montane forest. Three forest dynamics plots (100 m × 100 m) were established in the forest, and two artificial forest restoration approaches were simulated based on mono-species and multi-species plantations, respectively. All trees with a diameter at breast height > 2 cm were tagged, measured, identified, and monitored every 2 years from 2011 to 2021. Forest dynamics, including mortality and recruitment rates, were analyzed in relation to climate change. The results show that recovery varied among restoration practices. The mono-species plantation had the highest species diversity (114 species), followed by the natural forest and multi-species plantation. The mean mortality rate was higher than the net mean recruitment rate in mono-species and multi-species plantations, with significant variation in forest dynamics across species and periods. These fluctuations were closely linked to environmental changes, particularly droughts related to El Niño. Environmental factors exert a substantial influence on forest structure and species composition. In particular, the interplay between forest dynamics and ecological changes underscores the susceptibility of certain species to drought. Our findings imply that multi-species planting, with its potential to mirror the natural climax state of a forest closely, is a highly effective forest restoration strategy that can inspire and motivate further research and action in this field.
Genetic variability of IGF1 and IGF2 and correlation to body weight in Kedu chicken of Indonesia
Authors: ROSIDI ROSIDI , SUSWOYO IMAM , MUGIYONO SIGIT , ISMOYOWATI ISMOYOWATI , TUGIYANTI ELLY
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Rosidi, Suswoyo I, Mugiyono S, Ismoyowati, Tugiyanti E. 2024. Genetic variability of IGF1 and IGF2 and correlation to body weight in Kedu chicken of Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4846-4852. This study aims to examine differences in genetic variability using Insulin Growth Factors (IGF) to estimate the body weight of selected Kedu chickens. A total sample 37 chickens consist of 10 White Kedu, 10 Cemani Kedu, 10 Red Kedu, 5 Black Tongue Kedu, 1 Blorok Kedu, and 1 Lurik Walik Kedu. Next, their blood is taken from the chicken samples and analyzed in the laboratory. The identification of the IGF-1 and IGF-2 genes polymorphism was done by PCR and sequencing methods. The results showed two Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) of IGF1: c.166 T>A and c.169 A>G and IGF2: c.248 G>A and c.540 C>T. The frequency of genotypes was informed on GG, GA and AA with values of 0.71, 0.1 and 0.19, respectively. The base pair of 540 showed the existence of genotypes CC, CT and TT with values of 0.28, 0.62, and 0.1 respectively. The value of heterozygosity obtained at each base pair was c. 248 and the heterozygosity value was 0.3648, while the heterozygosity value of c. 540 was 0.4838. The correlation analysis showed that at c. 248 had a value of 0.57, which was relatively greater than that at c. 540, namely 0.15. The c. 248 genotypes of AA had greater body weight than the rest. In conclusion, AA genotypes in the IGF-1 and IGF-2 genes had a relatively high body weight compared to that of other genotypes, but IGF-1 had a relatively low association (correlation), so incompatible as a marker for future selection. An IGF marker can be used to estimate the body weight of the upcoming offspring of Kedu chickens.