bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iodine Status and Food Sources of Iodine by Race‐Hispanic Origin, NHANES 2011–2014
Authors: Herrick Kirsten , Perrine Cria
Published: November 2023

Background

Subgroups of the US may be at risk of iodine deficiency based on low consumption of foods high in iodine (dairy and grain products) (Perrine 2010). Concurrently, iodine intake among other subgroups of the US may be above requirements (Perrine 2013).

Objectives

The goal of this analysis is to update population estimates of iodine status and consumption patterns of iodine‐rich foods for the general US population and by race‐Hispanic origin. This analysis will present for the first time estimates of iodine status and consumption patterns of iodine‐rich foods for non‐Hispanic Asians Americans (NHA) using data from NHANES 2011–2014.

Methods

Using data from respondents 6 years and over with urinary iodine and day 1 dietary recall from NHANES 2011–2014, we estimate median urinary iodine and mean intake of dairy and grain by race‐Hispanic origin.

Results

Median urinary iodine (UI) for the US population 6 years and older was 132 ug/L [CI 127–140]. Median UI was 134 ug/L [CI 125–144] for non‐Hispanic whites, 140 ug/L [CI 124–156] for non‐Hispanic blacks, 132 ug/L [CI 123–142] for Hispanics, and 117 ug/L [CI 104–134] for non‐Hispanic Asians. Median UI for all females was 122 ug/l [CI 111–129], and for women of reproductive age (15–44 yr), median UI was 111 ug/L [CI 100–124]. Dairy consumption was highest among non‐Hispanic whites 256 g [CI 235–278]. Hispanics and NHA had similar consumption amounts of diary: 209 g [CI 189–229] and 194 g [CI 164–223], respectively. Dairy consumption was lowest among non‐Hispanic blacks 139 g [CI 123–155]. Grain consumption was highest among non‐Hispanic Asians 446 g [CI 416–475] followed by Hispanics 388 g [CI 359–416], non‐Hispanic blacks 332 g [CI 308–356] and non‐Hispanic whites 313 g [CI 298–328].

Conclusions

Population levels of median urinary iodine continue to decline from 164 ug/L in 2007–2008 and 144 ug/L in 2009–2010 (Caldwell 2011) and 132 ug/L in 2011–2014. Median UI was lowest for non‐Hispanic Asians. Differences in median UI by race‐Hispanic origin are not completely explained by differences in consumption patterns.

Support or Funding Information

This work was performed under employment of the US federal government and the authors did not receive any outside funding. The findings and conclusions in this paper article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Higher Mediterranean Diet Quality Score and Lower BMI are Associated with a Less Oxidized Plasma Glutathione and Cysteine Redox Status in Adults
Authors: Bettermann Erika , Hartman Terry J , Ferranti Erin P , Jones Dean P , Quyyumi Arshed A , Vaccarino Viola , Ziegler Thomas R , Alvarez Jessica A
Published: November 2023

Background

Both plasma redox and diet quality are associated with chronic disease risk, although the extent to which diet quality influences plasma redox status is unknown. We aimed to investigate the relationships of diet quality and obesity with systemic thiol/disulfide redox status.

Methods

We performed a cross‐sectional study of 721 working adults in Atlanta, Georgia. Diet quality was assessed by diet quality scores of habitual dietary intake derived from Block food frequency questionnaires [the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Score, and the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS)]. We measured plasma glutathione (GSH), cysteine (Cys), and their respective oxidized forms and redox potentials to assess redox status. Linear regression modeling was performed to assess relationships, independently of body mass index (BMI) and other confounders.

Results

The MDS was positively associated with plasma GSH (β=0.03, p<0.05) and negatively associated with the cystine/GSH ratio (β=−0.03, p<0.05) in multivariate models. Individual Mediterranean diet components (dairy, vegetables, fish, and monounsaturated fat) were also significantly associated with plasma redox outcomes (p<0.05). AHEI and DASH indexes and other dietary factors were not significantly associated with plasma redox outcomes. Obesity status was significantly associated with more oxidized plasma redox markers and several dietary factors, including diet quality indexes and sulfur amino acid intake (p<0.05).

Conclusion

Adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with less oxidizing plasma thiol/disulfide redox systems, while obesity was associated with a more oxidizing state. These findings contribute to the feasibility of targeting diet to improve plasma redox status.

Support or Funding Information

Supported by Emory University and the National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000454, K24 DK096574, K01 DK102851).
Effect of Dietary Intake on Bone Mineral Density among Non‐Obese and Obese Women
Authors: Aggarwal Prekshi , Volpe Stella Lucia
Published: November 2023

Objective

Analysis of dietary intake among non‐obese and obese women was conducted to examine the effects of dietary intakes on bone mineral density (BMD) and obesity.

Methodology

This study was based on a sample of 29 women (15 non‐obese and 14 obese/overweight), 20 to 60 years of age. Dietary intakes were measured by Automated Self‐Administered (ASA) 24‐hour dietary recalls. Body weight and height were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI). Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure total body BMD (TBBMD), lumbar spine BMD (L1 to L4), and dual femur BMD, as well as percent body fat.

Results

The non‐obese group had a body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2, while the obese/overweight group had a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the non‐obese group and obese/overweight group with respect to age and ethnicity (P > 0.05). Average energy intake was 1864 ± 717 kilocalories (kcal) per day for the non‐obese women, and 2080 ± 775 kcal/day for the obese/overweight women (P = 0.44). Similarly, daily intake of protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins (A, B12, D, E, K), and minerals (calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium) were similar between the non‐obese and obese/overweight groups (P > 0.05). Dietary intake could not explain the difference in BMI between groups. Both groups met the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA), except for vitamin D and potassium; both groups consumed about 30% to 50% less than the RDA. However, there was a significant correlation (R = 0.68, P = 0.0076) between vitamin K intake and BMD in the obese/overweight group, but not in the non‐obese group (R = 0.18, P = 0.52). The non‐obese group had a significantly lower TBBMD compared to the obese/overweight group (BMD = 1.15 ± 0.08 g/cm2 and 1.26 ± 0.12 g/cm2, respectively) (P < 0.05). Similarly, the non‐obese group had a significantly lower dual femur BMD and percent body fat (0.94 ± 0.27 g/cm2 and 29.18 ± 6.29%, respectively) compared to the obese/overweight (1.12 ± 0.12 g/cm2 and 42.16 ± 6.17%, respectively) (P < 0.05). In addition, BMI was significantly correlated with BMD (R = 0.79, P = 0.007) in the obese/overweight group, but not in the non‐obese group (R = 0.32, P = 0.23).

Conclusions

We found that the non‐obese group had a lower BMD than the obese/overweight group. In addition, BMD was significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with BMI and vitamin K intake in the obese/overweight group, but not in the non‐obese group. More research needs to be conducted to assess the effect of dietary intake and obesity on BMD in women.

Support or Funding Information

This work was supported by the American Association of University Women (www.aauw.org)'s International Post‐Doc Award to Dr. Prekshi Aggarwal.
Health and Wellness in the College Population: Dietary & Lifestyle Contributions to Bone Health
Authors: Plawecki Karen , Beezhold Bonnie , Chen Tammy , Cundari Chris , Sabella Hannah
Published: November 2023

Background

College students represent a critical opportunity in physiological age for the impact of physical activity and nutrition to demonstrate profound effects on bone strength. Dietary sources rich in vitamin D and calcium, intake of fruits and vegetables and engaging in physical activity has been associated with building and maintaining strong bones. Emerging research suggests omega‐3's foods may positively impact bone health. This study examines food sources (vitamin D, calcium and omega‐3s) and physical activity (PA) and their associations with bone mineral density (BMD) in a college population.

Design

Cross‐sectional study design was piloted in a small, private university. Participants completed surveys on diet, lifestyle, and engagement in physical activity. Separate food frequency questionnaires included vitamin D, calcium, and omega‐3 fatty acids, plus the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the short form of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS). Sahara (Hologic) Heel Ultrasound measured BMD.

Statistical Analyses

Non‐parametric statistics and t‐tests (SPSS version 22) examined associations: food sources, recommended intakes, lifestyle factors, PA and BMD.

Results

Participants (n=50, 33 females and 17 males), between ages of 19–25, completed the study. Estimated vitamin D intake (436 ± 493 IU) was less than recommendations (p=0.02). Estimated calcium intake (1327 ± 912 mg) exceeds recommendations (p=0.01). Omega‐3 intake met recommendations with walnuts (0.893 ± 1.74 gm/d) and canola oil (0.301 ± .697 gm/d) being the main sources. No significant associations were observed between omega‐3's and BMD. Significant findings included higher fruit intake (p=0.014) and lower vegetable intake (p<0.001) intake compared to USDA recommendations. Moderate and vigorous intensity exercises physical activity patterns exceeded American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommendations (p<0.001, p<0.05, respectively). No significant associations were observed between PA and BMD.

Conclusions

Dietary patterns among participants were sub‐optimal for intake of vitamin D, and omega‐3's compared to recommendations for development of bone health habits. Even with a trend of decreasing activity levels as students move towards graduation, physical activity habits met recommendations.

Support or Funding Information

No external funding to report
Omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid erythrocyte composition and 2‐year change in body weight
Authors: Bigornia Sherman J , Noel Sabrina E , Mangano Kelsey , Harris William S , Tucker Katherine L
Published: November 2023

Background

Animal evidence suggests that omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) consumption may be protective against weight gain, however evidence in humans is lacking, particularly studies with long‐term follow‐up.

Objective

To measure prospective associations between omega‐3 PUFA erythrocyte composition and changes in weight over a 2‐year follow‐up among older mainland Puerto Rican adults.

Methods

Prospective analyses were conducted using data from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (n=1080, age: 57±7 y, BMI: 31.9 ± 6.6 kg/m2, 72% female). Erythrocyte membrane fatty acid status was measured at baseline. Total omega‐3 PUFA included fatty acids α‐linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic expressed as a percent of total fatty acid content. The omega‐3 index was defined as the sum of erythrocyte eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid composition. Change in weight (kg) was calculated as 2‐year weight minus baseline weight (kg) as a percent of baseline weight. Multiple linear regression and ANCOVA were used as appropriate.

Results

Average total omega‐3 erythrocyte composition and the omega‐3 index values were 6.6 ± 1.5% and 4.4 ± 1.4%, respectively. During follow‐up, the average weight change was −0.03 ± 7.3%. Total omega‐3 PUFA composition was inversely and significantly associated with change in weight in minimally and fully adjusted models (Table 1). Larger effect estimates were observed for associations with the omega‐3 index (Table 1). These relationships were not significantly modified by total omega‐6 PUFA composition. In multivariable adjusted analyses, the percent change in weight by increasing omega‐3 index quartile were −0.60% (95% CI: −2.15 to 0.95), −1.25% (95% CI: −2.79 to 0.27), −1.09% (95% CI: −2.61 to 0.42), and −2.12% (95% CI: −3.54 to −0.71), respectively (P‐trend=0.03).

Conclusions

We observed inverse associations between biomarkers of omega‐3 dietary intake and metabolism with 2‐year change in weight, suggesting that the consumption of foods rich in omega‐3 PUFA may benefit weight management among older mainland Puerto Ricans.

Support or Funding Information

NIH grants P01‐AG023394, P50‐HL105185, and R01‐AG027087

Associations between baseline omega‐3 PUFA erythrocyte composition and 2‐year change in body weight (n=1080)

Model 1
Model 2
Model 3

β ± SE
β ± SE
β ± SE

Total omega‐3 PUFA
−0.38 ± 0.15*
−0.30 ± 0.15*
−0.34 ± 0.16*

Omega‐3 index
−0.47 ± 0.17*
−0.41 ± 0.17*
−0.47 ± 0.18*

Model 1: time between visits, sex, and baseline age and BMI; Model 2: model 1 plus baseline smoking status, omega‐3 supplement use, physical activity, Healthy Eating Index 2005 score (modified to exclude oil component), total energy intake, diabetes status, and heart disease status; Model 3: model 2 plus total omega‐6 PUFA composition.

P<0.05
The association between diabetic indicators and serum iron content in different ethnic populations
Authors: Han Jian , Kalan Mohammad Ebrahimi , Harrison Scott H , Yang Dongyan
Published: November 2023

Iron is an essential metabolic cofactor for various biological functions, including hemoglobin synthesis, oxygen delivery, and energy production. Imbalances and disruptions to the systemic availability of iron and its role in cellular metabolism have been reported in association with various diseases. Laboratory and clinical studies of diabetic humans and animals have shown abnormalities of glucose and insulin metabolism to disrupt iron homeostasis. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of diabetic indicators, e.g. glucose and insulin, on the serum iron content in three populations: non‐Hispanic white, non‐Hispanic black, and Hispanic. Relationships between serum iron quartiles (Iron‐QL1 <60.9 ug/dL; 60.9 ug/dL ≤ Iron‐QL2<81.4 ug/dL; 81.4 ug/dL ≤Iron–QL3<105.5 ug/dl; Iron–QL4≥105.5 ug/dL) and glucose, insulin, BMI, waist circumference, and diabetic status were examined using data from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n=19,151). Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the association between serum levels of glucose, insulin, and iron, with adjustment for age, sex, BMI, anemia, blood donation, alcohol drinking, smoking, and diabetes. Stratified analyses across the three populations were performed. Results for the non‐Hispanic black population showed the most inverse association between serum levels of glucose and iron (OR=0.84 for Iron‐QL3, p<0.05; OR= 0.85 for Iron‐QL4, p<0.05), and a marginally significant association between serum levels of insulin and iron (OR=1.01 for Iron‐QL4, p=0.05). In the non‐Hispanic white population, there was slightly inverse association between serum levels of insulin and iron (OR=0.99 for Iron–QL4, p<0.05), and no significant association between serum levels of iron and glucose. For the Hispanic population, significant associations were not found for serum levels of iron in association with either glucose or insulin. Increased age had a direct association with the serum level of iron being 1% to 2% higher in all of the three populations (p<0.05). Females had almost half or less of a serum level of iron compared to males in all of the three populations (p<0.05). Degree and significance of impacts of other factors on serum levels of iron varied across the three populations, but consistent trends across the three populations were for increases of serum level iron for alcohol drinking, and decreases of serum level iron for anemia. Overall, our results suggest that the serum levels of insulin have an association with systemic levels of iron, and that further study of associated ethnic factors is recommended.
Prevalence of Low‐calorie Sweetener Intake in South Asian Adults
Authors: Jin Yichen , Sylvetsky Allison C. , Kandula Namratha , Kanaya Alka M. , Talegawkar Sameera A.
Published: November 2023

The consumption of low‐calorie sweeteners (LCS), commonly found in diet beverages, reduced‐sugar foods, and tabletop packets, has increased rapidly over the past decades in the general United States (US) population, and has been found to be associated with increased cardiometabolic risk. However, no data exist regarding the prevalence of LCS consumption among South Asians, one of the fastest growing ethnic groups in the US. We therefore conducted a cross‐sectional analysis to determine the prevalence of LCS use in a community‐based cohort of South Asians living in the US (the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America study). Consumption of LCS, specifically diet soda and LCS packets, was assessed using a culturally appropriate and validated food‐frequency questionnaire. Chi‐squared and ANOVA tests were used to evaluate differences in LCS consumption with socio‐demographics, health characteristics, and metabolic risk. A total of 892 South Asians (47% women) were included for the analysis with mean age 55.3 (SD=9.4) y. Twenty‐two percent of South Asians reported consumption of LCS at least three servings per week, with higher consumption among older individuals (p=0.049), men (26% vs. 18%, p=0.003), participants with a longer length of residence in the US (p=0.048), and among those who spent more time in TV viewing (p<0.001). Higher prevalence of LCS consumption was also seen among participants with obesity (prevalence: 32% vs. 21%, p=0.006), those who had at least one chronic disease condition (prevalence: 28% vs. 16%, p<0.001), diabetes (47% vs. 17%, p<0.001), hypertension (29% vs. 17%, p<0.001) and in those with coronary artery calcification (Agatston score greater than 0; prevalence: 28% vs. 18%, p=0.001). Additionally, LCS consumption was associated with higher visceral (p=0.001) and subcutaneous fat (p=0.011), and waist circumference (p<0.001). Our findings emphasize the need to investigate potential metabolic effects of LCS use in already‐metabolically vulnerable South Asian individuals.

Support or Funding Information

The MASALA study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant number 1R01‐HL‐093009). Data collection at UCSF was also supported by NIH/NCRR UCSF‐CTSI (grant number UL1 RR024131)
A Minimally Processed Dietary Pattern Is Associated with Lower Odds of Metabolic Syndrome among Lebanese Adults
Authors: Nasreddine Lara , Tamim Hani , Hwalla Nahla , Itani Leila , Nasrallah Mona , Ismaeel Hussain , Nakhoul Nancy , Abou‐Rizk Joanna , Naja Farah
Published: November 2023

Objective

The present study aimed at 1) estimating the consumption of minimally processed, processed and ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) in a sample of Lebanese adults, 2) exploring patterns of intakes of these food groups in the study population, and 3) investigating the association of the derived patterns with socio‐demographic correlates and cardiometabolic risk.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in the Greater Beirut area among adults aged above 18 years (n=305) with no prior history of chronic diseases. Data collection included socio‐demographic and lifestyle factors, biochemical, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements and dietary assessment using a food frequency questionnaire. Food items were grouped into 25 groups taking into consideration the NOVA food classification. The contribution of each food group to energy intake (EI) was estimated. Patterns of intakes of these food groups were examined by exploratory factor analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations of derived patterns with socio‐demographic and cardiometabolic risk factors.

Results

Out of total EI, 36.5%, and 28.9% were contributed by UPFs and minimally processed foods, respectively. Two dietary patterns were identified: the “Ultraprocessed” and the “Minimally processed/processed”. Participants in the highest quartile of the “Minimally processed/processed” had significantly lower odds for MetS (0.18, 95%CI: 0.04–0.77), hyperglycemia (OR: 0.25, 95%CI: 0.07–0.98), and low HDL (OR: 0.17, 95%CI: 0.05–0.60). Adherence to the “minimally processed/processed” pattern was significantly positively associated with age and education, and inversely with smoking.

Conclusions

Findings of this study should inform the development of comprehensive policies and culture‐specific interventions aiming at encouraging the consumption of minimally processed foods.

Support or Funding Information

The study was supported by the Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research.
A Health Behaviour Score Is Associated With Hypertension And Obesity Among Australian Adults
Authors: Livingstone Katherine M , McNaughton Sarah
Published: November 2023

Objective

Unhealthy lifestyle behaviours often cluster together and their combined effect may be detrimental to health. This study aimed to investigate associations between a Health Behaviour Score (HBS) and prevalence of hypertension and overweight/obesity in a nationally‐representative sample of Australian adults.

Methods

Adults (n=4609; 19–85 years) from the Australian Health Survey 2011–13 were included in the present cross‐sectional analysis. A HBS (1–5) was derived based on whether individuals met recommendations for established risk factors (diet quality, smoking and physical activity) and emerging risk factors (sedentary time and sleep duration). Poisson regression estimated the prevalence of hypertension and overweight/obesity according to total HBS and HBS components.

Results

Thirteen percent, 26%, 31%, 23% and 7% of individuals met one (or zero), two, three, four and five HBS recommendations, respectively. Hypertension prevalence was 17%, 30%, 20%, and 31% lower in individuals meeting two, three, four and five of recommendations, respectively (P‐trend=0.037). Prevalence of overweight/obesity was 0%, 4%, 12%, and 14% lower in individuals meeting two, three, four and five of recommendations, respectively (P‐trend=0.002). Only diet quality and smoking were independently associated with hypertension and overweight/obesity prevalence, respectively.

Conclusions

Prevalence of hypertension and overweight/obesity were lower in individuals who had above average diet quality, never smoked, were physically active, spent less time sedentary and got adequate sleep. The combined impact of meeting more recommendations was stronger than that of individual behaviours. Our findings support the need for a holistic approach to public health recommendations that accounts for the correlated nature of these behaviours.

Support or Funding Information

KML acknowledges support from the Alfred Deakin Postdoctoral Research Fellowship. SAM acknowledges support from the NHMRC Career Development Fellowship (ID1104636).
Relationship Between Egg and Meat Intake and Type 2 Diabetes Risk: Results from the Adventist Health Study
Authors: Sabaté Joan , Burkholder‐Cooley Nasira , Oda Keiji , Siapco Gina
Published: November 2023

Studies have indicated that egg intake may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, the background diet may be responsible for the observed associations. We attempted to disentangle the purported relationship between eggs and/or meat intake and diabetes risk. We assessed and validated habitual dietary intake in over 96,000 participants of the Adventist Health Study‐2 cohort with a wide range of meat and egg intakes. T2D incidence was documented over an average eight‐year follow‐up. Egg intake was characterized as never, occasionally (<1x/wk), regularly (2–4x/wk) or daily. Meat intake was categorized as never, low (<25 g/d), medium (≥25 to < 70 g/d) or high (≥70 g/d). We used multivariate logistic regression adjusting for known confounders to evaluate associations between egg and meat intake, BMI and incident T2D. Compared to normal weight subjects, the risk of diabetes was 2.4 and 6.2 times greater among overweight and obese, respectively. The OR (95% CI) of developing diabetes among low, and medium/high meat eaters was 1.32 (1.18, 1.47), 1.46 (1.28, 1.66), and 1.75 (1.48, 2.08), respectively, compared to non‐meat eaters. The frequency of egg consumption, from never to daily, did not change the risk of diabetes across the categories of meat consumers. Among non‐meat eaters (vegetarians), those consuming eggs occasionally or a few times per week had no increase in diabetes risk; however, daily egg consumers had an OR (95% CI) of 1.52 (1.09, 2.11) compared to those who never consume eggs. Adjusting for meat intake, different levels of egg consumption did not change the risk of diabetes among individuals at different BMI categories. Obesity and meat consumption substantially increase the risk of diabetes in a step‐wise fashion. At every level of BMI and meat consumption, the frequency of egg intake does not change the inherent risk of diabetes, except among non‐meat eaters consuming eggs daily.

Support or Funding Information

(Funded by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) grant 1U01CA152939 and the Egg Nutrition Center.)
The Relation of Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load to Glucose Homeostasis among Adults Without Diabetes in Southwest China
Authors: Xue Hongmei , Zhang Jieyi , Li Danting , Luo Jiao , Dai Junbiao , Buyken Anette E , Cheng Guo
Published: November 2023

Objective

We examined whether a higher dietary glycemic index (GI) or glycemic load (GL) was associated with a less favorable glucose homeostasis among Chinese adults and whether these associations were modified by genetic predisposition or whether joined effect exist with their cereal fiber intake.

Methods

Multivariable regression analyses were performed in 3918 adults aged 23–69 years for whom three 24‐hour dietary recalls and information on glucose homeostasis, genetic background and potential confounders was available.

Results

Adults in the highest GI/GL tertile had an approximately 9% (5%) higher fasting plasma glucose, 11% (3%) higher glycated haemoglobin, 12% (7%) higher insulin level, and 28% (22%) higher hepatic insulin resistance compared to those in the lowest tertile (adjusted pfor‐trend ≤0.04). Moreover, a higher dietary GI/GL was associated with higher odds of pre‐diabetes (pfor‐trend =0.03). These associations were more pronounced among persons with a high T2DM genetic risk scores (pfor‐interaction ≤ 0.06) or a low cereal fiber intake (pfor‐interaction ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion

Our study indicates that the dietary GI/GL is of relevance for glucose homeostasis among Chinese adults, particularly among individuals genetically predisposed to T2DM.

Support or Funding Information

All phases of this study were supported by research grant from the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 81472976)
Dietary Intake Evaluation and Health‐related Quality of Life (HRQL) in Tuberculosis Patients with and without Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wang Qiuzhen , Ma Aiguo , Liu Yufeng , Zhao Yanxu , Guo Yumei , Zou Yue , Sun Limei , Tian Hong , Jiang Guofeng
Published: November 2023

Nutritional status plays an important role in the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes (DM). We aimed to investigate the dietary intake level including diversification and nutrients intake in TB patients with and without DM. Also, health‐related quality of life (HRQL) in this population were investigated. A total of 256 TB patients were eligible in the study and 98 of them were diagnosed of DM simultaneously. Food frequency questionnaire was used to detect the various food type and frequency, and dietary intake was collected by the method of 3‐day 24 hour dietary intake. Chinese version of the Short Form‐36 (SF‐36 v2) questionnaire was used to evaluate HRQL. We found that most TB‐DM patients had a good dietary diversification. Food type analysis showed that beans and milk intake in TB patients were lower than that in TB‐DM patients (P<0.05). Daily intake of vitamins including riboflavin, niacin, vitamin E and minerals including calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, phosphorus and selenium in TB‐DM were significantly lower than the Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNIs) suggested by Chinese Nutrition Society (P<0.05). Compared with Chinese general population, TB‐DM patients had lowered scores of all the eight SF‐36 dimensions. Except for role physical (RP) and mental health (MH), the scores of TB‐DM patients were all lowered than TB patients. In conclusion, TB‐DM patients had a low daily intake of a variety of nutrients, especially vitamins and minerals, and the lowered health‐related quality of life in this population requires attention in the clinical treatment.

Support or Funding Information

Supported by NSFC‐81472983.
Taiwanin A inhibits the proliferation of triple‐negative breast cancer cells line BT‐549
Authors: Syu Jia‐Ning , Tang Feng‐Yao
Published: November 2023

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents approximately 10–15% of all breast cancers and patients with TNBC always have a poor outcome compared to the other types of breast cancer. Previous studies showed that Taiwanin A could have anti‐cancer effects. However, how Taiwanin A inhibits the proliferation of triple‐negative breast cancer cells are still unknown. In this study, we investigate the anti‐breast cancer effect and the molecular mechanism of Taiwanin A. Our results show that Taiwanin A inhibited the proliferation of BT‐549 cells by the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Taiwanin A could up‐regulate p21 and inhibited the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins, cdc2, cyclin D1, cyclin E and CDK1/2. Taiwanin A could also down‐regulate the apoptosis regulator Bcl‐2. Additionally, Taiwanin A was able to suppression of cell survival signaling through inactivation of the Akt and ERK 1/2 signaling pathways. Moreover, Taiwanin A inhibited BT‐549 cells colony formation and showed synergetic effects with cisplatin (chemotherapeutic drug) in a dose‐dependent manner. These results showed a novel mechanism of the action of Taiwanin A against TNBC cell, suggesting it may have value for development as an anti‐breast cancer agent.
1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 Inhibits Matrix Metalloprotease 2 Expression in Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Chae Hyesoo , Wilmanski Tomasz Maciej , Teegarden Dorothy
Published: November 2023

Breast cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States. When the tumor is localized, 99% of breast cancer patients survive five years after diagnosis. However, if the tumor has metastasized to distant secondary organs, the survival rate drastically decreases to 22%. Epidemiological and animal studies support the hypothesis that vitamin D may inhibit breast cancer metastasis, but the mechanisms remain unknown. The purpose of the present studies was to investigate the effect of the bioactive vitamin D metabolite, 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D) on expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP) in MCF10CA1a breast epithelial cells. MMPs are a family of endopeptidases implicated in both cancer cell invasion and migration. First, the pattern of MMP expression in MCF10CA1a cells was investigated focusing on MMPs 1,2,3,9 and 13. MCF10CA1a cells expressed only MMP2 mRNA at a detectable level. Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D (10 nM,) reduced the expression of MMP2 by 32%±10 and 35%±7 at 2 and 5 days, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of 1,25(OH)2D on migratory capability of MCF10CA1a cells was assessed using a wound heal assay. Pretreatment with 1,25(OH)2D for 48 hours decreased cell migration by 44%±9.6 relative to vehicle. Further studies are needed to evaluate a causal link between vitamin D mediated downregulation of MMP2 and the nutrient's inhibition of breast cancer cell migration.

Support or Funding Information

This work was supported by a Project Development Team within the ICTSI NIH/NCRR (Grant Number UL1TR001108) and the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute (R25CA128770) Cancer Prevention Internship Program. Additional support was received from the Indiana Elks Charities and the SIRG grant, both administered through the Purdue University Center for Cancer Research (Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN).
In vivo and In vitro evidence of anticancer effects of Omani propolis against colon cancer
Authors: Waly Mostafa I , Al Ajimi Hajer , Al‐Lawati Hassan Talib , Guizani Nejib I , Rahman Shafiur Shafiur
Published: November 2023

Background

Numerous studies have revealed that propolis has medicinal properties and acts as a biological active agent with antioxidant, cytotoxic, and anticancer properties. Known propolis types include European propolis, Brazilian green propolis, red South American propolis, and Mediterranean propolis. The Omani propolis is deferent from these known propolis types, as it reflects novel plant and resin materials collected by honeybees in Omani apiaries. It is postulated that the Omani propolis is rich in new active phenolic constituents that are not present in other well studied propolis types.

Objective

Our study aimed to examine the protective effect of Omani propolis against oxidative stress‐mediated carcinogenesis.

Methods

Water extract of Omani propolis was investigated for its anti‐cancer protective effect against azoxymethane (AOM)‐induced colon cancer in rats. Toxicology studies were conducted for all organs in the rat model. The cytotoxic effects of water extract was also investigating using Caco‐2 cell lines, human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells.

Results

Our results revealed that water extract was potent in combating the azoxymethane‐mediated carcinogenesis and colonic oxidative stress in the rat model as compared to AOM group, P<0.01. There was no renal or hepatic toxicological associated with the propolis extract as compared to control group, P>0.05. Water extract had antiproliferative effects against Caco‐2 cancer cells in a time‐and dose‐dependent manner, P<0.05.

Conclusion

Omani propolis exerts anticancer activity against AOM‐induced colon cancer and cytotoxic effect against colonic cultured cells. It is recommended that Omani proplis extract to be used as a medicine in combination with chemotherapy for patients with colorectal cancer.
Low folate status reprograms Warburg metabolic signaling network to induce cancer stem cell‐like signatures to promote in vivo metastasis tumorigenicity of lung cancers
Authors: Chen Wan‐Ching , Huang Rwei‐Fen S.
Published: November 2023

Lung cancer is the major cause of cancer‐related deaths in the world. The cancer stem cell (CSC) concept has been widely applied to interpreting tumor initiation, growth, metastasis, dormancy and relapse. However, the molecular mechanism of CSC and tumor aggressiveness in lung cancer remains unknown. In our previous studies, it has been shown that low folate stress induced Warburg‐metabolic switched‐cancer stem cell signaling network and stemness features to mediate invasion and metastasis of lung cancers. The aim of this study is (1) to investigate whether the folate‐induced cancer stem‐like cells display enhanced in vivo metastatic capacity, (2) to identify the changes of malnutrition on the folate and metabolic status of the host, (3) to confirm possibly mechanism of the Warburg‐metabolic signaling transductions. C57BL/6 mice at 6 weeks were divided into 2 groups fed with the control diet (C) and folate‐free diet (FF) for 2 weeks. Then mice were treated peritoneal injection of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells and LLC‐spheroid (LLC‐S) cells which all cultivated with low folate medium. The resulted showed that FF but not C diets induced lung tumors and LLC‐S group had more tumorous potency (100%), which compared to LLC group (16.7%). The malnutrition diet (FF) actually exhibited lowest folate levels in plasma, serum, lung and liver tissue, moreover, thymus and lung tumors acquired more folate levels compared to non‐tumor lung tissues. Finally, The LLC‐S group with FF diet modulated Warburg metabolic properties by increased lactate concentration, altered redux status of NADP/NADPH ratios, the expression of glycolysis marker: pruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), Hif‐1a and, energy metabolic‐related marker: ATP citrate lyase, cytochrome c oxidase, sonic hedgehog, forkhead box protein O3. Furthermore, the increase of Akt, mTOR and AMP‐activated protein kinase expression indicated that low folate induced‐Warburg metabolic switch might promoted PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activated.
Colon Cancer Prevention and Its Transcriptomics‐Based Identification of Molecular Mechanisms by Dietary Intake of Soy Food
Authors: Jang Chan Ho , Sikes Robert A. , Schmidt Carl J. , Wu Changqing
Published: November 2023

Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer deaths in both men and women in the US and the second leading cause of cancer deaths when both sexes are combined. Although cancer treatments have been improved, colon cancer patients suffer from side effects such as nausea and vomiting, hair loss and infertility because of current cancer treatments that kill cancer cells and also harm healthy cells. While development of new effective treatments for colon cancer is important, focusing on prevention is a less costly and a less painful way to fight colon cancer. Increasing epidemiological and laboratory studies have suggested that regular intake of soy foods or soy isoflavones is associated with a reduced risk of numerous types of cancers, including colorectal cancer. Isolated soy isoflavones have received the majority of attention in research evaluating beneficial effects of soy consumption in animal models and clinical trials. However, these enriched soy foods probably have lost some beneficial biologically active components in soy foods normally consumed in Asian countries. Mixed findings and sometimes biphasic effects are reported from the genistein treatments. Soy IS NOT merely genistein! Some research in rodents and humans even suggests that soy isoflavones are beneficial to human health only when ingested along with the protein part of soybeans. Nevertheless the exact molecular mechanisms of colon cancer prevention by soy foods have been remained unclear. We hypothesize that the colon cancer prevention of soy food comes from the synergy of various bioactive compounds (proteins, peptides like lunasin, phenolic acids, and saponins) not just from soy isoflavones alone, and all the bio‐available soy components prevent cancer development by working on complex of molecular targets. In our study, the colon cancer incidence rate and gene expression patterns were studied using the heterozygous Pten+/− male mice fed with two different soy diets i.e. soy‐containing and soy‐free diets. Current findings showed that 42‐week soy‐containing diet significantly reduced the incidence of colonic polyps up to by 45.4% compared with soy‐free diet (p < 0.10), which suggests that soy foods might decrease the risk of colon cancer development. RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) analysis is ongoing to search for underlying molecular mechanisms of colon cancer prevention through different gene expression patterns between the heterozygous Pten+/− male mice exposed to soy‐containing and those exposed to soy‐free diets. Our research on whole soy food could shed lights on ‘whole food’‐based dietary approach for cancer prevention.
Effect of a Mindful Eating Intervention on Cardiometabolic Markers in Overweight and Obese Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Survivors – a Pilot Study
Authors: Sattler Elisabeth Lilian Pia , Washington Annette Monique , Young Henry Nolan , Cobran Ewan , Hartzell Diane , Dunagan Kelli Amanda , Davis Melissa
Published: November 2023

Postmenopausal breast cancer survivors, who often experience significant weight gain after their diagnosis, are at greater risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality than women without a history of breast cancer. Mindfulness has shown to improve cardiovascular markers and outcomes; however, the effect of mindful eating on cardiovascular markers in this population is not known. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of a mindful eating intervention on cardiometabolic markers in overweight and obese postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. Participants were recruited through local physician's offices, cancer support centers, and newspaper advertisements in 2016. Participants completed 8 weekly 2‐hour Mindful Eating Workshop© group sessions, led by a certified mindfulness instructor. The workshop addressed mindless, stress‐related, or emotional related eating, and disordered eating patterns through mindfulness meditation and group discussion. Data were collected at the University of Georgia Clinical and Translational Research Unit at 2 time points: baseline (weeks 1–2) and follow‐up (weeks 11–12), and included anthropometric measures and fasting blood values (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, glucose, HbA1C). Paired t‐tests and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to compare outcomes pre‐ and post‐intervention. The analytic sample included 10 postmenopausal breast cancer survivors with a BMI of ≥ 25 kg/m2 who completed the intervention. Mean age was 64.4 ± 6.0 years, 90.0% were non‐Hispanic white, 50.0% were married, and 50.0% had an annual household income of more than $80,000. At baseline, participants had a mean BMI of 33.7 ± 7.2 kg/m2, 80.0% took 1+ blood pressure medications, and 40.0% had pre/diabetes. All participants significantly lost weight (mean weight change: −0.8 ± 0.8 kg; p= 0.015). Mean systolic blood pressure dropped by 7.2 mmHg (trend: p=0.055) and diastolic blood pressure by 4.1 mmHg (p=0.012). Mean glucose decreased by 6.5 mg/dl (trend p=0.055). Triglycerides increased (median 17.0, IQR (10.0, 43.0); p=0.002). This pilot study provides preliminary evidence that mindful eating may lead to improved cardiovascular outcomes in overweight and obese postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. Further research is needed to confirm findings while controlling for confounding factors.
Dietary Inflammatory Index and Objective and Subjective Memory Impairments in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Zuniga Krystle E , Fernandez Julio
Published: November 2023

Background

Cancer related cognitive impairment (CRCI) can have significant and persistent impacts on quality of life in cancer survivors. Recent evidence has reported cognitive impairments may be associated with increases in systemic inflammation due to cancer and its treatment. There is an increasing need to determine whether modifiable factors, such as nutrition, may reduce the risk or severity of CRCI. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the inflammatory potential of the diet and memory in breast cancer survivors (BCS) and to explore reduced inflammation as a potential mechanism by which diet influences cognitive function.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, sixty‐seven women (29 BCS; 38 controls) were recruited from the Central Texas area. BCS had to have completed primary treatment (either chemotherapy, radiotherapy or both) within the past 5 years, and controls must have had no previous cancer diagnosis. Participants completed the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery which included the list sorting working memory and picture sequence memory tests. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Cognitive Function, a validated questionnaire, was used to assess perceived cognitive impairment. Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) was computed from FFQ estimated dietary intakes. Serum levels of soluble TNF receptor type II (sTNF‐RII), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and C‐reactive protein (CRP) were measured by ELISA. Differences between BCS and age‐matched controls were assessed using linear mixed models, and linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between predictors and objective and subjective cognitive function.

Results

BCS performed similarly to age‐matched controls on memory tasks, but had significantly more cognitive complaints as assessed by Perceived Cognitive Impairments (p <.001), Comments from Others (p = .001) Impact on Quality of Life (p = .003) and Perceived Cognitive Abilities (p <.001) subscales. Serum sTNF‐RII, but not IL‐6 or CRP, was significantly higher in BCS. The inflammatory biomarkers were not significant predictors of objective or subjective cognitive function and were not associated with DII scores. DII did not predict objective memory performance. In BCS, higher DII, indicating a more pro‐inflammatory diet, was associated with significantly more severe impacts of pereceived cognitive impairments on quality of life (p=.035).

Conclusion

DII was not associated with levels of inflammatory markers or objective cognitive function in BCS. However, future research should continue to identify dietary patterns that can reduce memory complaints and support cognitive health in cancer survivors.

Support or Funding Information

Texas State University Research Enhancement Program
Colorectal cancer cell death by pterostilbene through regulation of Bcl‐2 family signaling pathway
Authors: Chei Sungwoo , Choi Seo‐Yun , Koh Eun‐Jeong , Choi Jia , Seo Young‐Jin , Song Ji‐Hyeon , Park Min‐Ki , Hwang Ji‐Hyun , Lee Yeon‐Joo , Kim Kui‐Jin , Lee Boo‐Yong
Published: November 2023

Pterostilbene is natural antioxidant phytochemical from blue berries. We have been demonstrated that pterostilbene stimulates human colon cancer cell death by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, GRP78‐eIFα‐ATF3 pathway, on previous our studies. However, it is still not clear whether pterostilbene regulate Bcl‐2 family signaling pathway undergo apoptosis in colon cancer cells. In the current study, analysis of the gene expression by western blotting and RT‐PCR revealed that pterostilbene modulated the expression of Bcl‐2, Bak1, and Bax in human colon cancer cells. Our results also showed that pterostilbene triggered the expression of scavenger receptor CD36, which is one of the crucial factor cancer cells undergoing mitochondria dependent apoptosis. These observations indicate that pterostilbene as a potent natural chemotherapeutic compound and provide a part of evidence for role of Bcl‐2 family signaling pathway and scavenger receptor CD36 in mediating pterostilbene in human colon cancer cells.