bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stent-assisted coil embolization of a symptomatic middle cerebral artery aneurysm in an infant
Authors: Savastano Luis E. , Chaudhary Neeraj , Gemmete Joseph J. , Garton Hugh J. L. , Maher Cormac O. , Pandey Aditya S.
Published: August 2014

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms are rare and challenging to treat. Achieving efficacy and durability of aneurysmal occlusion while maintaining parent vessel patency requires innovative treatment strategies, especially in cases in which aneurysmal location or morphology pose substantial morbidity associated with microsurgical treatment. In the last 3 decades, endovascular treatments have had a remarkable evolution and are currently considered safe and effective therapeutic options for cerebral aneurysms. While endovascular techniques are well described in the English literature, the endovascular management of pediatric aneurysms continues to pose a challenge. In this report, the authors describe the case of a 9-month-old infant who presented with a 1-day history of acute-onset left-sided hemiparesis and left facial droop. Imaging revealed a large symptomatic saccular middle cerebral artery aneurysm. Treatment included successful stent-assisted aneurysm coiling. At follow-up, the patient continued to fare well and MR angiography confirmed complete occlusion of the aneurysm dome. This case features the youngest patient in the English literature to harbor an intracranial aneurysm successfully treated with stent-assisted coiling. Based on this experience, endovascular intervention with vascular reconstruction can be safe and effective for the treatment of infants and could further improve prognosis; however, further studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
Subarachnoid-subarachnoid bypass for spinal adhesive arachnoiditis
Authors: Tachibana Toshiya , Moriyama Tokuhide , Maruo Keishi , Inoue Shinichi , Arizumi Fumihiro , Yoshiya Shinichi
Published: August 2014

The authors report a case of adhesive arachnoiditis (AA) and arachnoid cyst successfully treated by subarachnoid to subarachnoid bypass (S-S bypass). Arachnoid cysts or syringes sometimes compress the spinal cord and cause compressive myelopathy that requires surgical treatment. However, surgical treatment for AA is challenging. A 57-year-old woman developed leg pain and gait disturbance. A dorsal arachnoid cyst compressed the spinal cord at T7–9, the spinal cord was swollen, and a small syrinx was present at T9–10. An S-S bypass was performed from T6–7 to T11–12. The patient's gait disturbance resolved immediately after surgery. Two years later, a small arachnoid cyst developed. However, there was no neurological deterioration. The myelopathy associated with thoracic spinal AA, subarachnoid cyst, and syrinx improved after S-S bypass.
Spine stereotactic body radiotherapy for renal cell cancer spinal metastases: analysis of outcomes and risk of vertebral compression fracture
Authors: Thibault Isabelle , Al-Omair Ameen , Masucci Giuseppina Laura , Masson-Côté Laurence , Lochray Fiona , Korol Renée , Cheng Lu , Xu Wei , Yee Albert , Fehlings Michael G. , Bjarnason Georg A. , Sahgal Arjun
Published: August 2014

Object

The aim of this study was to evaluate local control (LC) and the risk of vertebral compression fracture (VCF) after stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in patients with renal cell cancer spinal metastases.

Methods

Prospectively collected data on 71 spinal segments treated with SBRT in 37 patients were reviewed. The median follow-up was 12.3 months (range 1.2–55.4 months). The LC rate was assessed based on each spinal segment treated and overall survival (OS) according to each patient treated. Sixty of 71 segments (85%) were radiation naive, 11 of 71 (15%) were previously irradiated, and 10 of 71 (14%) were treated with postoperative SBRT. The median SBRT total dose and number of fractions were 24 Gy and 2, respectively. The VCF analysis also included evaluation of the Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score criteria.

Results

The 1-year OS and LC rates were 64% and 83%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified oligometastatic disease (13 of 37 patients) as a positive prognostic factor (p = 0.018) for OS. Of 61 non-postoperative spinal segments treated, 10 (16%) developed VCFs; 3 of 10 were de novo VCFs and 7 of 10 occurred as progression of an existing VCF. The 1-year VCF-free probability rate was 82%. Multivariate analysis identified single-fraction SBRT and baseline VCF as significant predictors of SBRT-induced VCF (p = 0.028 and p = 0.012, respectively).

Conclusions

Spine SBRT yields high rates of local tumor control in patients with renal cell cancer. Baseline VCF and 18–24 Gy delivered in a single fraction were predictive of further collapse. Patients with oligometastatic disease may benefit most from such aggressive local therapy, given the prolonged survival observed.
To Issue ‘Stand Down’ or Not…: Britain and Kashmir, 1947–49
Authors: Ankit Rakesh
Published: August 2014

‘It turned out to be a war unlike all others in that the respective Commanders communicated daily by telephones between Rawalpindi and New Delhi’. Thus it was that Henry Devereux – a British officer with the Pakistan Artillery – remembered the India-Pakistan conflict on Kashmir, 1947–49. It was a unique conflict with British generals commanding armies, on both sides, engaged in open warfare with each other and British diplomats taking up cudgels on behalf of the hostile governments they were accredited to. Therefore, whether to issue an order of “stand down” to the British military personnel involved in Kashmir emerged as an important question which the Clement Attlee Government (1945–51) faced as it struggled to formulate its response to the conflict. The article focuses on this question of the involvement of British officers in the armies of two warring dominions of the British Commonwealth and analyses the response of Great Britain, which sought to resolve the dilemma by keeping in mind the wider, international ramifications of its response – a fascinating though neglected aspect of the immediate aftermath of British decolonization in South Asia.
Comparisons of Halogenated β-Nitrostyrenes as Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Cornell Hugh , Nguyen Thu , Nicoletti Gina , Jackson Neale , Hügel Helmut
Published: August 2014

The influence of three types of halogen-substituted E-β-methyl-β-nitrostyrenes (such as Compounds B, D, H) to overcome bacterial activity that is currently a significant health threat was studied. The evaluations of their bio-potency was measured and related to their structure and activity relationships for the purposes of serving to inhibit and overcoming resistant microorganisms. In particular, fluorine-containing β-nitrostyrenes were found to be highly active antimicrobial agents. The addition of the β-bromo group enhanced the antibacterial activity significantly. Our work has illustrated that halogen substituents at both the 4-position in the aromatic ring and also at the β-position on the alkene side chain of nitropropenyl arenes enhanced the antimicrobial activity of these compounds.
Circulating Biomarkers in Advanced Colorectal Cancer Patients Randomly Assigned to Three Bevacizumab-Based Regimens
Authors: Martinetti Antonia , Miceli Rosalba , Sottotetti Elisa , Di Bartolomeo Maria , De Braud Filippo , Gevorgyan Arpine , Dotti Katia , Bajetta Emilio , Campiglio Manuela , Bianchi Francesca , Bregni Giacomo , Pietrantonio Filippo
Published: August 2014

The need to identify biomarkers for bevacizumab-based treatment in advanced colorectal cancer is imperative. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic role of circulating VEGF, PDGF, SDF-1, osteopontin and CEA in patients randomly assigned to three bevacizumab-based regimens. Plasma samples from 50 patients treated at a single Institution were analysed using the multiplex assay BioPlex™ 2200 (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc, Berkeley, CA, USA) at baseline, before first three cycles and subsequently every three cycles until disease progression. Prognostic analyses of baseline values were performed using multivariable Cox models, including disease extension >10 cm or ≤10 cm (measured as the sum of the diameters for all target lesions) as adjustment factor. The association between progression-free and overall survival and biomarkers modulation during treatment was studied using multivariable Cox models, which included summary statistics synthesizing during-treatment modulation together with disease extension. The biomarkers significantly associated with disease extension were baseline CEA (p = 0.012) and SDF-1 (p = 0.030). High values of VEGF and SDF-1 tended to be associated with worse prognosis, especially in terms of overall survival. The negative prognostic trend was more marked for baseline CEA as compared to other biomarkers; increasing values during treatment was significantly related to worse prognosis independently of disease extension (p = 0.007 and 0.016 for progression-free and overall survival, respectively). VEGF is related to bevacizumab pharmacodynamics and is associated to other angiogenic cytokines; some of the proposed biomarkers such as SDF-1 and CEA should be further validated for prognosis assessment and monitoring of bevacizumab-based treatment of advanced colorectal cancer.
Dual Targeting Biomimetic Liposomes for Paclitaxel/DNA Combination Cancer Treatment
Authors: Liu Guo-Xia , Fang Gui-Qing , Xu Wei
Published: August 2014

Combinations of chemotherapeutic drugs with nucleic acid has shown great promise in cancer therapy. In the present study, paclitaxel (PTX) and DNA were co-loaded in the hyaluronic acid (HA) and folate (FA)-modified liposomes (HA/FA/PPD), to obtain the dual targeting biomimetic nanovector. The prepared HA/FA/PPD exhibited nanosized structure and narrow size distributions (247.4 ± 4.2 nm) with appropriate negative charge of −25.40 ± 2.7 mV. HA/FA/PD (PTX free HA/FA/PPD) showed almost no toxicity on murine malignant melanoma cell line (B16) and human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) (higher than 80% cell viability), demonstrating the safety of the blank nanovector. In comparison with the FA-modified PTX/DNA co-loaded liposomes (FA/PPD), HA/FA/PPD showed significant superiority in protecting the nanoparticles from aggregation in the presence of plasma and degradation by DNase I. Moreover, HA/FA/PPD could also significantly improve the transfection efficiency and cellular internalization rates on B16 cells comparing to that of FA/PPD (p < 0.05) and PPD (p < 0.01), demonstrating the great advantages of dual targeting properties. Furthermore, fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry results showed that PTX and DNA could be effectively co-delivered into the same tumor cell via HA/FA/PPD, contributing to PTX/DNA combination cancer treatment. In conclusion, the obtained HA/FA/PPD in the study could effectively target tumor cells, enhance transfection efficiency and subsequently achieve the co-delivery of PTX and DNA, displaying great potential for optimal combination therapy.
Electronic Structure and Maximum Energy Product of MnBi
Authors: Park Jihoon , Hong Yang-Ki , Lee Jaejin , Lee Woncheol , Kim Seong-Gon , Choi Chul-Jin
Published: August 2014

We have performed first-principles calculations to obtain magnetic moment, magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy (MAE), i.e., the magnetic crystalline anisotropy constant (K), and the Curie temperature (Tc) of low temperature phase (LTP) MnBi and also estimated the maximum energy product (BH)max at elevated temperatures. The full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FPLAPW) method, based on density functional theory (DFT) within the local spin density approximation (LSDA), was used to calculate the electronic structure of LPM MnBi. The Tc was calculated by the mean field theory. The calculated magnetic moment, MAE, and Tc are 3.63 μB/f.u. (formula unit) (79 emu/g or 714 emu/cm3), −0.163 meV/u.c. (or K = −0.275 × 106 J/m3) and 711 K, respectively. The (BH)max at the elevated temperatures was estimated by combining experimental coercivity (Hci) and the temperature dependence of magnetization (Ms(T)). The (BH)max is 17.7 MGOe at 300 K, which is in good agreement with the experimental result for directionally-solidified LTP MnBi (17 MGOe). In addition, a study of electron density maps and the lattice constant c/a ratio dependence of the magnetic moment suggested that doping of a third element into interstitial sites of LTP MnBi can increase the Ms.
Integrated Magnetic MEMS Relays: Status of the Technology
Authors: Schiavone Giuseppe , Desmulliez Marc , Walton Anthony
Published: August 2014

The development and application of magnetic technologies employing microfabricated magnetic structures for the production of switching components has generated enormous interest in the scientific and industrial communities over the last decade. Magnetic actuation offers many benefits when compared to other schemes for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), including the generation of forces that have higher magnitude and longer range. Magnetic actuation can be achieved using different excitation sources, which create challenges related to the integration with other technologies, such as CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor), and the requirement to reduce power consumption. Novel designs and technologies are therefore sought to enable the use of magnetic switching architectures in integrated MEMS devices, without incurring excessive energy consumption. This article reviews the status of magnetic MEMS technology and presents devices recently developed by various research groups, with key focuses on integrability and effective power management, in addition to the ability to integrate the technology with other microelectronic fabrication processes.
Effect of Apitherapy Formulations against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Toxicity in Wistar Rats after Three Weeks of Treatment
Authors: Andritoiu Calin , Ochiuz Lacramioara , Andritoiu Vasile , Popa Marcel
Published: August 2014

The human body is exposed nowadays to increasing attacks by toxic compounds in polluted air, industrially processed foods, alcohol and drug consumption that increase liver toxicity, leading to more and more severe cases of hepatic disorders. The present paper aims to evaluate the influence of the apitherapy diet in Wistar rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, by analyzing the biochemical determinations (enzymatic, lipid and protein profiles, coagulation parameters, minerals, blood count parameters, bilirubin levels) and histopathological changes at the level of liver, spleen and pancreas. The experiment was carried out on six groups of male Wistar rats. Hepatic lesions were induced by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (dissolved in paraffin oil, 10% solution). Two mL per 100 g were administered, every 2 days, for 2 weeks. Hepatoprotection was achieved with two apitherapy diet formulations containing honey, pollen, propolis, Apilarnil, with/without royal jelly. Biochemical results reveal that the two apitherapy diet formulations have a positive effect on improving the enzymatic, lipid, and protein profiles, coagulation, mineral and blood count parameters and bilirubin levels. The histopathological results demonstrate the benefits of the two apitherapy diet formulations on reducing toxicity at the level of liver, spleen and pancreas in laboratory animals.
Effects of Endogenous Signals and Fusarium oxysporum on the Mechanism Regulating Genistein Synthesis and Accumulation in Yellow Lupine and Their Impact on Plant Cell Cytoskeleton
Authors: Formela Magda , Samardakiewicz Sławomir , Marczak Łukasz , Nowak Witold , Narożna Dorota , Bednarski Waldemar , Kasprowicz-Maluśki Anna , Morkunas Iwona
Published: August 2014

The aim of the study was to examine cross-talk interactions of soluble sugars (sucrose, glucose and fructose) and infection caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lupini on the synthesis of genistein in embryo axes of Lupinus luteus L.cv. Juno. Genistein is a free aglycone, highly reactive and with the potential to inhibit fungal infection and development of plant diseases. As signal molecules, sugars strongly stimulated accumulation of isoflavones, including genistein, and the expression of the isoflavonoid biosynthetic genes. Infection significantly enhanced the synthesis of genistein and other isoflavone aglycones in cells of embryo axes of yellow lupine with high endogenous sugar levels. The activity of β-glucosidase, the enzyme that releases free aglycones from their glucoside bindings, was higher in the infected tissues than in the control ones. At the same time, a very strong generation of the superoxide anion radical was observed in tissues with high sugar contents already in the initial stage of infection. During later stages after inoculation, a strong generation of semiquinone radicals was observed, which level was relatively higher in tissues deficient in sugars than in those with high sugar levels. Observations of actin and tubulin cytoskeletons in cells of infected embryo axes cultured on the medium with sucrose, as well as the medium without sugar, showed significant differences in their organization.
A New Cycloartane-Type Triterpenoid Saponin Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor from Homonoia riparia Lour
Authors: Xu Fan , Zhao Xueqian , Yang Lingli , Wang Xiuhua , Zhao Jing
Published: August 2014

A new cycloartane-type triterpenoid saponin named riparsaponin (1) was isolated from the stem of Homonoia riparia Lour together with six known compounds. The structure of riparsaponin was determined by using NMR and mass spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography techniques. Additionally, riparsaponin has a significant inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase in vitro, and the IC50 was 11.16 nmol/mL.
Immunomodulatory Activity and Partial Characterisation of Polysaccharides from Momordica charantia
Authors: Deng Yuan-Yuan , Yi Yang , Zhang Li-Fang , Zhang Rui-Fen , Zhang Yan , Wei Zhen-Cheng , Tang Xiao-Jun , Zhang Ming-Wei
Published: August 2014

Momordica charantia Linn. is used as an edible and medicinal vegetable in sub-tropical areas. Until now, studies on its composition and related activities have been confined to compounds of low molecular mass, and no data have been reported concerning the plant’s polysaccharides. In this work, a crude polysaccharide of M. charantia (MCP) fruit was isolated by hot water extraction and then purified using DEAE-52 cellulose anion-exchange chromatography to produce two main fractions MCP1 and MCP2. The immunomodulatory effects and physicochemical characteristics of these fractions were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that intragastric administration of 150 or 300 mg·kg−·d−1 of MCP significantly increased the carbolic particle clearance index, serum haemolysin production, spleen index, thymus index and NK cell cytotoxicity to normal control levels in cyclophosphamide (Cy)-induced immunosuppressed mice. Both MCP1 and MCP2 effectively stimulated normal and concanavalin A-induced splenic lymphocyte proliferation in vitro at various doses. The average molecular weights of MCP1 and MCP2, which were measured using high-performance gel permeation chromatography, were 8.55 × 104 Da and 4.41 × 105 Da, respectively. Both fractions exhibited characteristic polysaccharide bands in their Fourier transform infrared spectrum. MCP1 is mainly composed of glucose and galactose, and MCP2 is mainly composed of glucose, mannose and galactose. The results indicate that MCP and its fractions have good potential as immunotherapeutic adjuvants.
Hypotensive Effects and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides of Reishi (Ganoderma lingzhi) Auto-Digested Extract
Authors: Tran Hai-Bang , Yamamoto Atsushi , Matsumoto Sayaka , Ito Hisatomi , Igami Kentaro , Miyazaki Toshitsugu , Kondo Ryuichiro , Shimizu Kuniyoshi
Published: August 2014

Reishi (Ganoderma lingzhi) has been used as a traditional medicine for millennia. However, relatively little is known about this mushroom’s proteins and their bioactivities. In this study, we used reishi’s own proteases to hydrolyze its protein and obtained auto-digested reishi (ADR) extract. The extract was subjected to in vitro assays and administered to spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) to determine its potential for use as a hypotensive medication. Bioassay-guided fractionation and de novo sequencing were used for identifying the active compounds. After 4 h administration of ADR, the systolic pressure of SHRs significantly decreased to 34.3 mmHg (19.5% change) and the effect was maintained up to 8 h of administration, with the decrease reaching as low as 26.8 mmHg (15% reduction–compare to base line a decrease of 26.8 mmHg is less than a decrease of 34.3 mmHg so it should give a smaller % reduction). Eleven peptides were identified and four of them showed potent inhibition against ACE with IC50 values ranging from 73.1 μM to 162.7 μM. The results showed that ADR could be a good source of hypotensive peptides that could be used for antihypertensive medication or incorporation into functional foods.
A Survey of Surface Modification Techniques for Next-Generation Shape Memory Polymer Stent Devices
Authors: Govindarajan Tina , Shandas Robin
Published: August 2014

The search for a single material with ideal surface properties and necessary mechanical properties is on-going, especially with regard to cardiovascular stent materials. Since the majority of stent problems arise from surface issues rather than bulk material deficiencies, surface optimization of a material that already contains the necessary bulk properties is an active area of research. Polymers can be surface-modified using a variety of methods to increase hemocompatibilty by reducing either late-stage restenosis or acute thrombogenicity, or both. These modification methods can be extended to shape memory polymers (SMPs), in an effort to make these materials more surface compatible, based on the application. This review focuses on the role of surface modification of materials, mainly polymers, to improve the hemocompatibility of stent materials; additional discussion of other materials commonly used in stents is also provided. Although shape memory polymers are not yet extensively used for stents, they offer numerous benefits that may make them good candidates for next-generation stents. Surface modification techniques discussed here include roughening, patterning, chemical modification, and surface modification for biomolecule and drug delivery.
Noise Reduction and Gap Filling of fAPAR Time Series Using an Adapted Local Regression Filter
Authors: Moreno Álvaro , García-Haro Francisco , Martínez Beatriz , Gilabert María
Published: August 2014

Time series of remotely sensed data are an important source of information for understanding land cover dynamics. In particular, the fraction of absorbed photosynthetic active radiation (fAPAR) is a key variable in the assessment of vegetation primary production over time. However, the fAPAR series derived from polar orbit satellites are not continuous and consistent in space and time. Filtering methods are thus required to fill in gaps and produce high-quality time series. This study proposes an adapted (iteratively reweighted) local regression filter (LOESS) and performs a benchmarking intercomparison with four popular and generally applicable smoothing methods: Double Logistic (DLOG), smoothing spline (SSP), Interpolation for Data Reconstruction (IDR) and adaptive Savitzky-Golay (ASG). This paper evaluates the main advantages and drawbacks of the considered techniques. The results have shown that ASG and the adapted LOESS perform better in recovering fAPAR time series over multiple controlled noisy scenarios. Both methods can robustly reconstruct the fAPAR trajectories, reducing the noise up to 80% in the worst simulation scenario, which might be attributed to the quality control (QC) MODIS information incorporated into these filtering algorithms, their flexibility and adaptation to the upper envelope. The adapted LOESS is particularly resistant to outliers. This method clearly outperforms the other considered methods to deal with the high presence of gaps and noise in satellite data records. The low RMSE and biases obtained with the LOESS method (|rMBE| < 8%; rRMSE < 20%) reveals an optimal reconstruction even in most extreme situations with long seasonal gaps. An example of application of the LOESS method to fill in invalid values in real MODIS images presenting persistent cloud and snow coverage is also shown. The LOESS approach is recommended in most remote sensing applications, such as gap-filling, cloud-replacement, and observing temporal dynamics in situ where rapid seasonal changes are produced.
Rice Ratoon Crop: A Sustainable Rice Production System for Tropical Hill Agriculture
Authors: Faruq Golam , Taha Rosna , Prodhan Zakaria
Published: August 2014

Increasing and sustainable production of rice in tropical hill area is facing various problems where rice ratooning can overcome the limitations. In this study; 22 rice entries were transplanted into experimental tank placed in the hill slope following Completely Randomized Design with five replications to asses’ agronomic performance of main crop and ratoon crop where Entry 13 demonstrated highest grain yield per plant (42.06 ± 1.2 gm) as main crop, as well as ratoon crop (3.37 ± 0.28 gm); Entry 19 produced lowest grain yield per plant (5.01 ± 0.31 gm) as main crop and Entry 31 as ratoon crop (0.47 ± 0.03 gm). The grain yield per plant of both the main and ratoon crop demonstrated significant (** at 5% level and *** at 1% level) positive correlation with number of tiller per plant (0.64 ** and 0.52); number of fertile tiller per plant (0.66 ** and 0.63 **); grain per panicle (0.72 ** and 0.53); fertile grain per panicle (0.80 *** and 0.63) and thousand-grain weight (0.66 ** and 0.54). The Duncan Multiple Range test and Analysis of Variance also confirmed the different grouping and significant differences of productivity and agronomic performances of the entries. The information of this investigation will helps the rice breeder as well as marginal rice farmers to consider rice ratooning as an important practice for sustainable rice production in tropical agriculture system for maximum gains.
Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Precipitation over Lake Victoria, East Africa, in the 21st Century
Authors: Akurut Mary , Willems Patrick , Niwagaba Charles
Published: August 2014

Precipitation over Lake Victoria in East Africa greatly influences its water balance. Over 30 million people rely on Lake Victoria for food, potable water, hydropower and transport. Projecting precipitation changes over the lake is vital in dealing with climate change impacts. The past and future precipitation over the lake were assessed using 42 model runs obtained from 26 General Circulation Models (GCMs) of the newest generation in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Two CMIP5 scenarios defined by Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP), namely RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, were used to explore climate change impacts. The daily precipitation over Lake Victoria for the period 1962–2002 was compared with future projections for the 2040s and 2075s. The ability of GCMs to project daily, monthly and annual precipitation over the lake was evaluated based on the mean error, root mean square error and the frequency of occurrence of extreme precipitation. Higher resolution models (grid size <1.5°) simulated monthly variations better than low resolution models (grid size >2.5°). The total annual precipitation is expected to increase by less than 10% for the RCP4.5 scenario and less than 20% for the RCP8.5 scenario over the 21st century, despite the higher (up to 40%) increase in extreme daily intensities.
Microsatellite primers for the gynodioecious grassland perennial Saxifraga granulata (Saxifragaceae)
Authors: van der Meer Sascha , Van Houdt Jeroen K. J. , Maes Gregory E. , Hellemans Bart , Jacquemyn Hans
Published: August 2014

• Premise of the study: Nine polymorphic and 12 monomorphic microsatellite loci (simple sequence repeats [SSRs]) were isolated and characterized for the gynodioecious grassland perennial Saxifraga granulata.

• Methods and Results: Based on genomic screening of leaf material of four individuals from four populations, a total of 21 microsatellite primer pairs were designed for S. granulata. Nine loci were polymorphic and were optimized into two PCR multiplex reactions and tested on 100 individuals from five riparian populations from central Belgium. The number of alleles of the polymorphic loci ranged from three to 18, and gametic heterozygosity ranged from 0.26 to 0.94.

• Conclusions: The markers that are presented here are the first microsatellite markers reported for S. granulata and will be used to assess how river systems shape the spatial genetic structure and diversity of riparian populations of this species.
Use of Chemotherapy and Radiofrequency Ablation to Treat Colorectal Cancer Metastases: A Retrospective Review of the Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre over 7 Years
Authors: Boame N. , Gresham G. , Jonker D. , Martel G. , Balaa F. , Asmis T.
Published: August 2014

(1) Background: Almost 40% of people diagnosed with colorectal cancer will die from their disease, most with metastatic spread. When feasible, hepatic resection offers the greatest probability of cure for isolated liver metastases, but there are barriers to curative resection. Those barriers include the extent and distribution of lesions within the liver, extrahepatic disease, comorbidities, and age. Chemotherapy is often administered before or after resection with the intention of improving disease-free and overall survival. The timing of chemotherapy (adjuvant vs. neoadjuvant vs. perioperative) for patients undergoing potentially curative hepatic resection of metastasis of colorectal cancer origin is controversial. (2) Methods: Colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases resected at The Ottawa Hospital between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2009, were identified, and their clinical records were retrospectively reviewed. Patients receiving intraoperative radiofrequency ablation (rfa) as part of their management were included. Factors associated with overall and disease-free survival were evaluated. (3) Results: The 168 identified patients (57% men, 43% women) had a median age of 63 years (range: 31–84 years). After hepatectomy, 10% had positive resection margins. Intraoperative rfa was used in 25 patients (15%). Chemotherapy was administered in the neoadjuvant (19%), adjuvant (31%), or “perioperative” (both neoadjuvant and adjuvant, 50%) setting. Use or omission of intraoperative rfa was not associated with a difference in overall survival (hazard ratio: 0.99; 95% confidence interval: 0.53 to 1.84; p = 0.97). (4) Conclusions: Compared with patients who did not receive chemotherapy, those who received chemotherapy, regardless of timing, experienced improved overall survival and disease-free survival. Use of rfa where required as an adjunct to hepatic resection appears to be effective and is not associated with worse overall survival.
Information Needs and Sources of Information for Patients during Cancer Follow-Up
Authors: Shea–Budgell M.A. , Kostaras X. , Myhill K.P. , Hagen N.A.
Published: August 2014

(1) Background: Now more than ever, cancer patients want health information. Little has been published to characterize the information needs and preferred sources of that information for patients who have completed cancer treatment. (2) Methods: We used a nationally validated instrument to prospectively survey patients attending a cancer clinic for a post-treatment follow-up visit. All patients who came to the designated clinics between December 2011 and June 2012 were approached (N = 648), and information was collected only from those who agreed to proceed. (3) Results: The 411 patients who completed the instrument included individuals with a wide range of primary malignancies. Their doctor or health professional was overwhelmingly the most trusted source of cancer information, followed by the Internet, family, and friends. The least trusted sources of information included radio, newspaper, and television. Patients most preferred to receive personalized written information from their health care provider. (4) Conclusions: Cancer survivors are keenly interested in receiving information about cancer, despite having undergone or finished active therapy. The data indicate that, for patients, their health care provider is the most trusted source of cancer information. Cancer providers should ask patients about the information they want and should direct them to trusted sources.
Successful Management of a Childhood Osteosarcoma with Epiphysiolysis and Distraction Osteogenesis
Authors: Xu S.F. , Yu X.C. , Xu M. , Chen X.
Published: August 2014

In an 11-year-old boy with osteosarcoma in the proximal tibia (type iii), 2 cycles of dia chemotherapy (cisplatin, ifosfamide, doxorubicin) were administered preoperatively while epiphysiolysis was performed. Clinical response was determined to be complete by radiography and histopathology. Marginal excision was then performed with preservation of the proximal tibial epiphysis. Metaphyseal reconstruction was performed using distraction osteogenesis. Six cycles of dia chemotherapy were administered postoperatively. Twenty months later, the patient had developed no complications and experienced full bone healing, with no limb discrepancy. In selected adolescent patients with osteosarcoma, in whom the tumour is in full contact with the epiphysis, epiphyseal preservation by epiphysiolysis and reconstruction by distraction osteogenesis can provide an excellent outcome, resulting in a stable reconstruction that functionally restores the native limb.
Factors Associated with Delayed Time to Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Stage iii Colon Cancer
Authors: Chan A. , Woods R. , Kennecke H. , Gill S.
Published: August 2014

(1) Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy started more than 56 days after colon cancer resection has been associated with lesser overall survival among patients with stage iii colon cancer. The objective of the present population-based study was to determine, in referred patients with resected stage iii colon cancer, factors associated with delayed time to adjuvant chemotherapy (ttac), defined as more than 56 days from the date of surgery. (2) Methods: Eligible patients had been diagnosed with stage iii colon cancer and had received at least 1 cycle of adjuvant chemotherapy at one of the four regional cancer treatment sites during 2008–2009. Prognostic and treatment information was prospectively collected through the BC Cancer Agency’s GI Cancers Outcomes Unit, and Charlson comorbidity score was retrospectively determined by chart review. Chi-square and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to measure associations between the timing of adjuvant chemotherapy and select prognostic and treatment variables. (3) Results: Median ttac from surgery for the 395 included patients was 58 days, with 54% of the patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy beyond the recommended 56 days. On multivariate analysis, only treatment at the highest-volume site was independently associated with delayed ttac. Comorbidity index, age, performance status, T stage, tumour location, and oral chemotherapy (compared with intravenous) were not independently associated with delayed ttac. Delays were observed during each interval associated with the patient’s transition from surgery to first cycle of adjuvant chemotherapy. (4) Conclusions: More than half the patients failed to receive adjuvant chemotherapy within the recommended ttac of 56 days. Delayed ttac was associated with process-related delays rather than with patient- or disease-related factors. Efforts to improve timely referral, triage of consultations, and chemotherapy wait lists are required.
Management of Hypersensitivity to Platinum- and Taxane-Based Chemotherapy: cepo Review and Clinical Recommendations
Authors: Boulanger J. , Boursiquot J.N. , Cournoyer G. , Lemieux J. , Masse M.S. , Almanric K. , Guay M.P.
Published: August 2014

(1) Background: Although antineoplastic agents are critical in the treatment of cancer, they can potentially cause hypersensitivity reactions that can have serious consequences. When such a reaction occurs, clinicians can either continue the treatment, at the risk of causing a severe or a potentially fatal anaphylactic reaction, or stop the treatment, although it might be the only one available. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effectiveness of methods used to prevent and treat hypersensitivity reactions to platinum- or taxane-based chemotherapy and to develop evidence-based recommendations. (2) Methods: The scientific literature published to December 2013, inclusive, was reviewed. (3) Results: Premedication with antihistamines, H2 blockers, and corticosteroids is not effective in preventing hypersensitivity reactions to platinum salts. However, premedication significantly reduces the incidence of hypersensitivity to taxanes. A skin test can generally be performed to screen for patients at risk of developing a severe reaction to platinum salts in the presence of grade 1 or 2 reactions, but skin testing does not appear to be useful for taxanes. A desensitization protocol allows for re-administration of either platinum- or taxane-based chemotherapy to some patients without causing severe hypersensitivity reactions. (4) Conclusions: Several strategies such as premedication, skin testing, and desensitization protocols are available to potentially allow for administration of platinum- or taxane-based chemotherapy to patients who have had a hypersensitivity reaction and for whom no other treatment options are available. Considering the available evidence, the Comité de l’évolution des pratiques en oncologie made recommendations for clinical practice in Quebec.
The Role of Palliative Chemotherapy in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Wheatley–Price P. , Ali M. , Balchin K. , Spencer J. , Fitzgibbon E. , Cripps C.
Published: August 2014

Background: Hospitalized patients with advanced cancer often have a poor performance status, which is considered a relative contraindication to cytotoxic chemotherapy. We investigated outcomes in hospitalized solid tumour oncology patients who received palliative chemotherapy (pct). Methods: With ethics approval, we performed a single-institution chart review of all patients hospitalized on our oncology unit who received pct between April 2008 and January 2010. Patient demographics, reasons for admission, cancer type, prior therapy, and administered chemotherapy were recorded. The primary endpoint was median survival from date of inpatient chemotherapy until death or last known follow up. We also investigated place of discharge and whether patients received additional therapy. Results: During the study period, 199 inpatients received pct. Median age was 61 years; 59% of the patients were women. Most had been admitted with dyspnea (31%) or pain (29%) as the dominant symptom. Common cancers represented were breast (23%), small-cell lung cancer (sclc, 22%), non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc, 16%), and colorectal cancer (9%). Most patients (67%) were receiving first-line chemotherapy. Median overall survival duration was 4.5 months, and the 6-month survival rate was 41%. The longest and shortest survivals were seen in the sclc and nsclc groups (7.3 and 2.5 months respectively). Factors significantly associated with shorter survival were baseline hypoalbuminemia and therapy beyond the first line. In this cohort, 77% of patients were discharged home, and 72% received further chemotherapy. Conclusions: Despite a short median survival, many patients are well enough to be discharged home and to receive further chemotherapy. The development of risk models to predict a higher chance of efficacy will have practical clinical utility.
Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Treatment for Rectal Cancer, Colon Cancer, and Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in Older Patients
Authors: Rahal R. , Porter G. , Forte T. , Fung S. , Bryant H.
Published: August 2014

Evidence-based treatment guidelines exist to improve quality of care for patients and are based on randomized trials that show evidence of benefit.[...]
Treatment and Follow-Up Strategies in Desmoid Tumours: A Practice Guideline
Authors: Ghert M. , Yao X. , Corbett T. , Gupta A.A. , Kandel R.A. , Verma S. , Werier J.
Published: August 2014

Objectives: We set out to determine the optimal treatment options—surgery, radiation therapy (RT), systemic therapy, or any combinations thereof—for patients with desmoid tumours once the decision to undergo active treatment has been made (that is, monitoring and observation have been determined to be inadequate); provide clinical-expert consensus opinions on follow-up strategies in patients with desmoid tumours after primary interventional management. Methods: This guideline was developed by Cancer Care Ontario’s Program in Evidence-Based Care and the Sarcoma Disease Site Group. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases, main guideline Web sites, and abstracts of relevant annual meetings (1990 to September 2012) were searched. Internal and external reviews were conducted, with final approval by the Program in Evidence-Based Care and the Sarcoma Disease Site Group. Recommendations: Treatments: Surgery with or without RT can be a reasonable treatment option for patients with desmoid tumours whose surgical morbidity is deemed to be low; The decision about whether RT should be offered in conjunction with surgery should be made by clinicians and patients after weighing the potential benefit of improved local control against the potential harms and toxicity associated with RT; Depending on individual patient preferences, systemic therapy alone or RT alone might also be reasonable treatment options, regardless of whether the desmoid tumours are deemed to be resectable. Follow-Up Strategies: Undergo evaluation for rehabilitation (occupational therapy or physical therapy, or both); Continue with rehabilitation until maximal function is achieved; Undergo history and physical examinations with appropriate imaging every 3–6 months for 2–3 years, and then annually.
Thoughts on Jim Flaherty. When Should Physicians Retire?
Authors: Jacobs C. , Clemons M.
Published: August 2014

As I reflect on my almost two decades in politics, I am proud of the accomplishments of the governments I was part of....[...]
Biologic, Psychological, and Social Health Needs in Cancer Care: How Far Have We Come?
Authors: Schulte F.
Published: August 2014

In 2007, the U.S. Institute of Medicine delivered a report titled Cancer Care for the Whole Patient: Meeting Psychosocial Health Needs1, in which gaps in the provision of psychosocial care for cancer patients were identified.[...]
2 obras del arquitecto Shin'Ichi Okada – Japón
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: August 2014

Facultad de odontología de Niigata.
Los cinco edificios que actualmente constituyen ia Facultad, aunque tratados de la misma manera y con los mismos materiales, son de distintas formas y alturas, de acuerdo con su función, formando, sin embargo, un conjunto armónico.
En su disposición adoptan la forma de una L, en uno de cuyos extremos se situó el hospital, con sus distintas secciones clínicas y aulas para clases y conferencias. Unido directamente a éste se encuentra el edificio principal, en el que se distribuyen la zona de administración, oficinas, biblioteca, y salas de lectura. Enlazados mediante pasillos y corredores exteriores se han dispuesto los otros tres edificios, destinados a clases prácticas y teóricas.
El conjunto se completa con instalaciones deportivas y zonas ajardinadas, que contribuyen a la consecución de un ambiente agradable para los estudiantes.
Gimnasio de la universidad odontológica de Chiyoda (Tokio).
La premisa que dirigió el proyecto fue que la gran mole edificada necesaria no desentonara con los edificios circundantes, de tamaño más reducido. Con este fin se emplearon paredes de vidrio que reflejan las imágenes de los alrededores.
El gimnasio, de planta rectangular, tiene en sus extremos dos grandes bloques de hormigón armado, que constituyen el sostén estructural y sirven como núcleos de servicio.
El volumen total se divide en tres espacios bien diferenciados: la base, abierta, que se utiliza como aparcamiento; el gimnasio principal, y el salón de entrenamiento. Entre estos dos últimos se han situado los vestuarios. Los locales técnicos se ubicaron en el sótano.
Iglesia Taivallahti, Helsinki – Finlandia
Authors: Timo y Tuomo Suomalainen Arquitectos
Published: August 2014

Al proyectar este edificio se ha tratado de que el solar continuara manteniendo su carácter de espacio abierto, dentro del entorno densamente poblado en el que está enclavado.
Para conseguirlo se realizó una excavación, hasta el nivel de la calle, en el macizo rocoso de más de 10 m de altura que domina la parcela, en el cual se ha incorporado la parte principal de la iglesia. El resto de las dependencias, tales como la vicaría, los locales técnicos, la sala de control y los locales del club, se situaron alrededor de la roca, adaptándose lo más fielmente posible a su forma.
Siempre que fue posible se utilizó la propia roca como parte integrante en la construcción del templo, realizándose los muros restantes, tanto interiores como exteriores, con mampostería ordinaria.
Una cúpula, constituida por un sistema radial de vigas de hormigón armado, cubre la iglesia. En su parte superior, un lucernario, construido con un armazón metálico y entrepaños de vidrio aislante, permite la iluminación natural del espacio interior.
Todo el conjunto se caracteriza por su gran adaptación al terreno.
Influencia de los parámetros de soldeo fuerte en la microestructura y propiedades mecánicas de la unión de la aleación base níquel Hastelloy B2
Authors: Sotelo José Carlos , González Marcos , Porto Enrique
Published: August 2014

Se realizó un estudio pormenorizado del proceso de soldeo fuerte en horno de alto vacío de la aleación base níquel Hastelloy B2 fortalecida por solución sólida. En una primera fase del trabajo se seleccionó el material de aporte acorde al material objeto de unión y a la fuente de calentamiento seleccionada. Posteriormente, se evaluó la influencia del gap (50 y 200 micrómetros) y tiempo de permanencia a temperatura de soldeo (10 y 90 minutos) sobre los microconstituyentes de la unión, relacionando la microestructura con las propiedades mecánicas de la junta. Los análisis metalográficos mostraron una unión constituida por una matriz rica en níquel, siliciuros de níquel y compuestos ternarios. Finalmente, los resultados de los ensayos mecánicos a esfuerzos cortantes mostraron una elevada resistencia para gaps de 50 micrómetros y tiempos de permanencia de 90 minutos.