bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mediators between oral dysbiosis and cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Pietiäinen Milla , Liljestrand John M. , Kopra Elisa , Pussinen Pirkko J.
Published: September 2018

Clinical periodontitis is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) through systemic inflammation as the etiopathogenic link. Whether the oral microbiota, especially its quality, quantity, serology, and virulence factors, plays a role in atherogenesis is not clarified. Patients with periodontitis are exposed to bacteria and their products, which have access to the circulation directly through inflamed oral tissues and indirectly (via saliva) through the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in systemic inflammatory and immunologic responses. Periodontitis is associated with persistent endotoxemia, which has been identified as a notable cardiometabolic risk factor. The serology of bacterial biomarkers for oral dysbiosis is associated with an increased risk for subclinical atherosclerosis, prevalent and future coronary artery disease, and incident and recurrent stroke. In addition to species‐specific antibodies, the immunologic response includes persistent, cross‐reactive, proatherogenic antibodies against host‐derived antigens. Periodontitis may affect lipoprotein metabolism at all levels, and all lipoprotein classes are affected. Periodontitis or its bacterial signatures may be involved not only in increased storage of proatherogenic lipids but also in attenuation of the anti‐atherogenic processes, thereby putatively increasing the net risk of atherosclerosis. In this review we summarize possible molecular mediators between the dysbiotic oral microbiota and atherosclerotic processes.
Current concepts on Sjögren's syndrome – classification criteria and biomarkers
Authors: Jonsson Roland , Brokstad Karl A. , Jonsson Malin V. , Delaleu Nicolas , Skarstein Kathrine
Published: September 2018

Sjögren's syndrome is a lymphoproliferative disease with autoimmune features characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration of exocrine glands, notably the lacrimal and salivary glands. These lymphoid infiltrations lead to dryness of the eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca), dryness of the mouth (xerostomia), and, frequently, dryness of other surfaces connected to exocrine glands. Sjögren's syndrome is associated with the production of autoantibodies because B‐cell activation is a consistent immunoregulatory abnormality. The spectrum of the disease extends from an organ‐specific autoimmune disorder to a systemic process and is also associated with an increased risk of B‐cell lymphoma. Current treatments are mainly symptomatic. As a result of the diverse presentation of the syndrome, a major challenge remains to improve diagnosis and therapy. For this purpose an international set of classification criteria for primary Sjögren's syndrome has recently been developed and validated and seems well suited for enrolment in clinical trials. Salivary gland biopsies have been examined and histopathology standards have been developed, to be used in clinical trials and patient stratification. Finally, ultrasonography and saliva meet the need of non‐invasive imaging and sampling methods for discovery and validation of disease biomarkers in Sjögren's syndrome.
Systematic review of the screening, diagnosis, and management of ADHD in children with epilepsy. Consensus paper of the Task Force on Comorbidities of the ILAE Pediatric Commission
Authors: Auvin Stéphane , Wirrell Elaine , Donald Kirsten A. , Berl Madison , Hartmann Hans , Valente Kette D. , Van Bogaert Patrick , Cross J. Helen , Osawa Makiko , Kanemura Hideaki , Aihara Masao , Guerreiro Marilisa M. , Samia Pauline , Vinayan Kollencheri Puthenveettil , Smith Mary Lou , Carmant Lionel , Kerr Michael , Hermann Bruce , Dunn David , Wilmshurst Jo M.
Published: September 2018

Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and challenging comorbidity affecting many children with epilepsy. A working group under the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Pediatric Commission identified key questions on the identification and management of ADHD in children with epilepsy. Systematic reviews of the evidence to support approaches to these questions were collated and graded using criteria from the American Academy of Neurology Practice Parameter. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) requirements were followed, with PROSPERO registration (CRD42018094617). No increased risk of ADHD in boys with epilepsy compared to girls with epilepsy was found (Level A). Valproate use in pregnancy is associated with inattentiveness and hyperactivity in offspring (1 class I study), and children with intellectual and developmental disabilities are at increased risk of ADHD (Level A). Impact of early seizure onset on development of ADHD was unclear (Level U), but more evident with poor seizure control (Level B). ADHD screening should be performed from 6 years of age, or at diagnosis, and repeated annually (Level U) and reevaluated after change of antiepileptic drug (AED) (Level U). Diagnosis should involve health practitioners with expert training in ADHD (Level U). Use of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire screening tool is supported (Level B). Formal cognitive testing is strongly recommended in children with epilepsy who are struggling at school (Level U). Behavioral problems are more likely with polytherapy than monotherapy (Level C). Valproate can exacerbate attentional issues in children with childhood absence epilepsy (Level A). Methylphenidate is tolerated and effective in children with epilepsy (Level B). Limited evidence supports that atomoxetine is tolerated (Level C). Multidisciplinary involvement in transition and adult ADHD clinics is essential (Level U). In conclusion, although recommendations could be proposed for some of the study questions, this systematic review highlighted the need for more comprehensive and targeted large‐population prospective studies.
Does This Adult Patient With Jolt Accentuation of Headache Have Acute Meningitis?
Authors: Tamune Hidetaka , Kuki Takaie , Kashiyama Tetsuya , Uchihara Toshiki
Published: September 2018

Objective

In order to identify appropriate candidates with suspected meningitis for lumbar puncture (LP), study designs and diagnostic values of jolt accentuation of headache (JA) were reviewed.

Background

Acute meningitis is a life‐threatening disease that requires LP for accurate diagnosis. JA was reported the most sensitive indicator of cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis; however, subsequent studies have failed to confirm this claim.

Methods

We reviewed articles concerning JA, published prior to December 2017, using MEDLINE and Japanese medical databases. Seven original articles based on independent cohorts were eligible for inclusion and articles citing these 7 were thoroughly searched (11 in total). Additionally, all medical records of our previously reported cohort were reviewed again to explore how the patients’ background influenced diagnostic values of JA.

Results

We hypothesized that an oversimplified dichotomy of JA findings, pleocytosis, and meningitis created a misconception that JA is a universal indicator of meningitis. We clarify the difference between them and present altered mental status (AMS) as a key to decrease the sensitivity of JA. Notably, the sensitivity and specificity of JA were relatively low in unselected groups, while they tended to be high in the selected sub‐groups with acute onset of headache and fever, without AMS or neurological deficits. Unselected populations included etiologies of pleocytosis other than acute meningitis, which might weaken the association between JA and pleocytosis.

Conclusion

JA is not a universal, stand‐alone, indicator of meningitis in febrile patients with headache. Therefore, we propose a stepwise approach for patients with suspected acute meningitis. AMS or neurological deficits suggest an intracranial pathology, which may necessitate a lumbar puncture. JA seems a useful tool for distinguishing acute aseptic meningitis from upper respiratory infection when used in the selected cohort of febrile patients (≥37°C) with recent‐onset headache (within 2 weeks before presentation) and normal mental status. This approach and diagnostic values of JA should be further investigated by prospective studies using operationally sorted candidates.
Chronic Migraine – Evolution of the Concept and Clinical Implications
Authors: Medrea Ioana , Christi Suzanne
Published: September 2018

Objective

The current definition of chronic migraine is relatively new. This definition has been field tested multiple times and has gone through multiple revisions. The evolution of the concept of migraine and its transformation to involve the category of chronic migraine is outlined.

Discussion

Chronic migraine as a disease was initially recognized in patients seen in headache clinics with a large burden of disability from frequent headaches and a history of prior migraines. Over time, this observation was operationalized into multiple diagnostic criteria with requirements for frequent headache days, typically 15 or more, and additionally a certain predisposition to migraine phenotype whether counted in number of headaches with migrainous features or a transformation from migraine in certain diagnostic criteria. In addition, the observation of medication overuse in this population raises a valid question – whether this is a factor for chronification versus a separate secondary headache etiology.

Conclusion

Chronic migraine is a relatively newly recognized disease. We have an increasing number of medications studied specifically in chronic migraines, and these are briefly introduced. Additionally, there are guidelines to help design trials in chronic migraine. A valid future research question is to further study the efficacy of the medications studied in an undifferentiated migraine population, as there is economic pressure to use these medications as first line.
Spontaneous regression of hepatocellular carcinoma with reduction in angiogenesis‐related cytokines after treatment with sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor in a cirrhotic patient with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kawaguchi Takumi , Nakano Dan , Okamura Shusuke , Shimose Shigeo , Hayakawa Masako , Niizeki Takashi , Koga Hironori , Torimura Takuji
Published: September 2018

Spontaneous regression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rare event, and the pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we present a case of spontaneous regression of HCC after treatment with sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) in a cirrhotic patient with diabetes mellitus (DM). A 68‐year‐old man regularly visited our hospital for follow‐up of HCC after treatment with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, and management of liver cirrhosis and type 2 DM. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography scan showed a hypervascular tumor in the liver and elevated serum α‐fetoprotein levels, indicating the recurrence of HCC. Simultaneously, the hemoglobin A1c value increased to 8.0%; therefore, he was treated with SGLT2i (canagliflozin 100 mg/day). Ten weeks after the initiation of SGLT2i treatment, he was admitted to our hospital for treatment of recurrent HCC. However, the hypervascular tumor had disappeared, and the elevated serum α‐fetoprotein level had decreased to normal limits, indicating spontaneous regression of HCC. In addition, an angiogenesis array analysis revealed downregulated protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐8, angiopoietin‐1/2, platelet‐derived growth factor‐AA, and prolactin at 10 weeks after SGLT2i treatment. In this report, we first describe a case of spontaneous regression of HCC with reduction in angiogenesis‐related cytokines after SGLT2i treatment.
CALLING FOR A PRACTICE TURN IN GLOBAL HISTORY: PRACTICES AS DRIVERS OF GLOBALIZATION/S
Authors: EPPLE ANGELIKA
Published: September 2018

Ever since the spatial turn, historians have faced major challenges regarding how to write and research global history in general and the history of globalization in particular. The four major challenges analyzed in this article are (1) the challenge of polyphony, (2) how to determine the subject of global history beyond geographical definitions, (3) the dynamic of homo‐ and heterogenization accompanying the term “globalization/s,” and (4) how to grasp the relation between the micro level of individual actions and the macro level of global structures.

The challenge of polyphony stems from the growing awareness of how Eurocentric perspectives have far too long obscured academic history‐writing with inappropriate presuppositions. The same goes for other (unreflected) area‐centrisms. A biased narrative for only one voice has to make way for a polyphonic narrative that meets the requirements of an up‐to‐date global history. Accordingly, this article suggests that neither geographically defined units nor the relation between given entities should be at the center of global history. Indeed, global history should deal with the “relationing” and the “making of” entities—one of which turns out to be “the global.” This article then proposes using the term “globalization” in the plural, but also reflects on its dependence on the singular. Closely connected to the pluralization of globalizing processes is the challenge of bridging convincingly between the micro level of individual actions and the macro level of global structures without disavowing the contingency and the heterogeneity of the individual. Several theories, such as practice theory and actor–network theory, can be used and modified to address these challenges, especially in determining the relation between macro‐ and microdynamics. I argue that practice theory offers one possible solution to these four challenges by combining both the heterogeneity of the micro level and the comprehensive narrative of global changes.
Recurrence after hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome among HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected individuals
Authors: Marcus JL , Hurley LB , Prasad A , Zaroff J , Klein DB , Horberg MA , Go AS , DeLorenze GN , Quesenberry CP , Sidney S , Lo JC , Silverberg MJ
Published: September 2018

Objectives

We evaluated the association of HIV infection and immunodeficiency with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) recurrence, and with all‐cause mortality as a secondary outcome, after hospitalization for ACS among HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected individuals.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study within Kaiser Permanente Northern California of HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected adults discharged after ACS hospitalization [types: ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non‐STEMI, or unstable angina] during 1996–2010. We compared the outcomes of ACS recurrence and all‐cause mortality within 3 years, both overall by HIV status and stratified by recent CD4 count, with HIV‐uninfected individuals as the reference group. Hazard ratios (HRs) were obtained from Cox regression models with adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, year, ACS type, smoking, and cardiovascular risk factors.

Results

Among 226 HIV‐infected and 86 321 HIV‐uninfected individuals with ACS, HIV‐infected individuals had a similar risk of ACS recurrence compared with HIV‐uninfected individuals [HR 1.08; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76‐1.54]. HIV infection was independently associated with all‐cause mortality after ACS hospitalization overall (HR 2.52; 95% CI 1.81–3.52). In CD4‐stratified models, post‐ACS mortality was higher for HIV‐infected individuals with CD4 counts of 201–499 cells/μL (HR 2.64; 95% CI 1.66–4.20) and < 200 cells/μL (HR 5.41; 95% CI 3.14–9.34), but not those with CD4 counts ≥ 500 cells/μL (HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.22–2.08), compared with HIV‐uninfected individuals (P trend < 0.001).

Conclusions

HIV infection and immunodeficiency were not associated with recurrence of ACS after hospitalization. All‐cause mortality was higher among HIV‐infected compared with HIV‐uninfected individuals, but there was no excess mortality risk among HIV‐infected individuals with high CD4 counts.
The essential role of complement in antibody‐mediated resistance to Salmonella
Authors: Rossi Omar , Coward Chris , Goh Yun Shan , Claassens Jill W. C. , MacLennan Calman A. , Verbeek Sjef J. , Mastroeni Pietro
Published: September 2018

Vaccines can serve as essential tools to prevent bacterial diseases via the induction of long‐lasting IgG responses. The efficacy of such vaccines depends on the effector mechanisms triggered by IgG. The complement system and Fc‐gamma receptors (FcγRs) can potentially play a crucial role in IgG‐mediated immunity against bacterial diseases. However, their relative importance in vivo is unclear, and has been the object of controversy and debate. In this brief study, we have used gene‐targeted mice lacking either FcγRI, II, II and IV or the C3 complement component as well as a novel mouse strain lacking both C3 and FcγRs to conclusively show the essential role of complement in antibody‐mediated host resistance to Salmonella enterica systemic infection. By comparing the effect of IgG2a antibodies against Salmonella O‐antigen in gene‐targeted mice, we demonstrate that the complement system is essential for the IgG‐mediated reduction of bacterial numbers in the tissues.
Integrating Analytics Through the Big Data Information Chain: A Case From Supply Chain Management
Authors: Hamister James W. , Magazine Michael J. , Polak George G.
Published: September 2018

The benefits of good decision making by a distributor often have broad leverage across a supply chain, and data science provides a comprehensive framework for making this possible. We present a case study of an ongoing partnership between the authors and corporate managers at a distributor of heating, ventilating, and air‐conditioning products. We describe in detail the “vertical integration” of our analytical tools through a long chain of data scientific activities, backward to raw data, and forward to visually appealing output, in an organization with legacy information technology infrastructure. The models are applied to a large‐scale data set, and spreadsheet‐based decision support tools that include useful visualization capabilities for the firm are illustrated. We also offer this case as a blueprint for building a collaborative research relationship between academia and industry.
How soon do allied health professionals lose confidence to perform EBP activities? A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Klaic Marlena , McDermott Fiona , Haines Terry
Published: September 2018

Objective

To explore if there is a relationship between allied health professionals' confidence to perform a range of evidence‐based practice (EBP) activities and the time since they graduated from their entry‐level degree and the presence of postgraduate qualifications.

Design

Cross‐sectional survey.

Setting

Allied health professionals from two Australian public metropolitan health services, including acute, subacute, and community settings.

Participants

Sample of 288 (n = 288) allied health professionals from the disciplines of physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech pathology, social work, dietetics/nutrition, and other.

Main outcome measure

Cross‐sectional survey including 12 questions measuring respondents' confidence to conduct a range of EBP activities.

Results

Allied health professionals begin to lose confidence related to EBP activities within the first 5 years of clinical practice, particularly for those activities involving critical analysis of published studies. Respondents with postgraduate qualifications were more likely to report greater confidence with EBP activities, suggesting that higher level qualifications protect against the effect of degradation of EBP skills and confidence over time.

Conclusions

Allied health professionals' confidence to perform EBP activities degrades over time, particularly for those individuals with no postgraduate qualifications. Registration and accreditation bodies along with allied health professional employers should explore potential strategies to preserve and enhance EBP skills, confidence, and behaviours.
Lymphoma survivors’ experiences at the end of treatment
Authors: Hackett Fidelma , Dowling Maura
Published: September 2018

Aims and Objectives

To explore lymphoma survivors’ experiences on their end of treatment and follow‐up care at a large urban haematology centre in Ireland.

Methods

This was a qualitative study using semistructured interviews with lymphoma patients post‐treatment (n = 14). Thematic analysis guided the analysis of interview data. The study adhered to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) guidelines.

Findings

Five main themes were identified following analysis of the interview data: dealing with uncertainty, changed relationships, returning to work, extended recovery time and concerns for the future. Findings of note were that some participants were unaware that their treatment had ended, many experienced recurrent infections which prolonged recovery time, and many had no recall of discussions on healthy lifestyle behaviours or recommended screening programmes at their follow‐up visits.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that the period of transition from active treatment to survivorship can be challenging for lymphoma survivors, and they experience ongoing needs. While the challenges of survivorship in lymphoma mirror those of other cancers, this cohort of patients require focused preparation for the end of active treatment and the transition to follow‐up care. Moreover, this patient group requires repeated specific education on late effects and second cancers, education with regards to identifying the signs of cancer recurrence and promotion of healthy lifestyle practices.

Relevance to clinical practice

This study highlights the importance of a dedicated end of treatment visit with the clinical nurse specialist to confirm the completion of active treatment with lymphoma patients and focus on health promotion.
Evidence of shock‐induced vaporization of matrix to form porosity in Baszkówka, a porous L5 chondrite
Authors: Krzesińska Agata M. , Almeida Natasha V.
Published: September 2018

Baszkówka is an equilibrated, apparently low‐shock, unusually porous chondrite. Some earlier studies were undertaken to understand whether the porosity in Baszkówka, and similar porous chondrites, is a relic of a primordial feature or rather the effect of atypical reprocessing on the parent body. Neither of the studies reconstructed the accurate thermal and deformational evolution of chondrites, however, while it is known that shock‐induced compaction is the main means to affect chondritic porosity. Here we use a combination of 3‐D and 2‐D petrographic examination to understand how the evolution of pores correlates with thermal and shock history recorded in the Baszkówka chondrite. The grain framework silicates in Baszkówka contain healed shock fractures—a clear recorder of significant shock process and postshock annealing. Simultaneously, metal grains do not exhibit any preferred orientation or fabric, which would be expected to develop in response to the deformation as recorded by silicates. We interpret this as evidence for re‐agglomeration and annealing of shocked material. Pore spaces in Baszkówka are connected and decorated by fine‐grained plagioclase‐dominated mass and bulky euhedral olivine crystals, which exhibit growth steps on crystal surfaces. The euhedral olivine must have formed owing to the condensation of a vapor, while plagioclase most likely crystallized from melted chondritic matrix. During the shock event, fine‐grained matrix in Baszkówka was melted and vaporized. Vapor expansion added to ballistic velocity led to ejection and opening of the pore spaces. After re‐agglomeration in a hot ejecta blanket the rock was annealed, melted material circulated in created pore spaces and vapor condensed.
The protective effect of betulinic acid on microvascular responsivity and protein expression in alzheimer disease induced by cerebral micro‐injection of beta‐amyloid and streptozotocin
Authors: Sarkaki Alireza , Farbood Yaghoob , Badavi Mohammad , Ghadiri Ata , Ghasemi dehcheshmeh Mohammad , Mansouri Esrafil , Navabi Seyedeh Parisa
Published: September 2018

Objective

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is mainly caused by accumulation of β‐amyloid (Aβ) in vessels or parenchyma of the brain. Accordingly, natural compounds such as betulinic acid (BA) might improve the AD signs by increase in blood flow and through reduction in amyloid plaques.

Methods

Intra‐hippocampal injection of BA (0.2 and 0.4 μmol/L /10 μL DMSO /rat) was done at intervals of 180 and 10 min before co‐microinjection of 0.1 μmol/L Aβ dissolved in PBS (5 μL/rat, hippocampi) and 1.5 mg/kg Streptozotocin dissolved in aCSF (10 μL/rat, lateral ventricles). Cerebro‐vascular responsivity tested by Laser Doppler, BBB leakage, Elisa assays of cytokines (TNF‐α and IL‐10), and Western blot analysis of proteins (BDNF and AchE) in the hippocampus were assessed 1 month after the injections.

Results

Microvascular reaction and BBB function were significantly impaired in AD rats, which were improved via BA pretreatment. BA could increase BDNF expression and decrease cytokine levels in the hippocampus of AD rats (especially 0.1 μmol/L Aβ: 0.4 μmol/L BA); however, no significant changes were detected in the blotting of AchE among the groups.

Conclusions

Betulinic acid could have a role in AD through protecting microcirculation, alleviating inflammation, and up‐regulating BDNF expression which is clearer toward 1:4 molar ratios of Aβ to BA.
Imbalances in protein homeostasis caused by mutant desmin
Authors: Winter L. , Unger A. , Berwanger C. , Spörrer M. , Türk M. , Chevessier F. , Strucksberg K.‐H. , Schlötzer‐Schrehardt U. , Wittig I. , Goldmann W. H. , Marcus K. , Linke W. A. , Clemen C. S. , Schröder R.
Published: September 2018

Aims

We investigated newly generated immortalized heterozygous and homozygous R349P desmin knock‐in myoblasts in conjunction with the corresponding desminopathy mice as models for desminopathies to analyse major protein quality control processes in response to the presence of R349P mutant desmin.

Methods

We used hetero‐ and homozygous R349P desmin knock‐in mice for analyses and for crossbreeding with p53 knock‐out mice to generate immortalized R349P desmin knock‐in skeletal muscle myoblasts and myotubes. Skeletal muscle sections and cultured muscle cells were investigated by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, proteasomal activity measurements and immunoblotting addressing autophagy rate, chaperone‐assisted selective autophagy and heat shock protein levels. Muscle sections were further analysed by transmission and immunogold electron microscopy.

Results

We demonstrate that mutant desmin (i) increases proteasomal activity, (ii) stimulates macroautophagy, (iii) dysregulates the chaperone assisted selective autophagy and (iv) elevates the protein levels of αB‐crystallin and Hsp27. Both αB‐crystallin and Hsp27 as well as Hsp90 displayed translocation patterns from Z‐discs as well as Z‐I junctions, respectively, to the level of sarcomeric I‐bands in dominant and recessive desminopathies.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that the presence of R349P mutant desmin causes a general imbalance in skeletal muscle protein homeostasis via aberrant activity of all major protein quality control systems. The augmented activity of these systems and the subcellular shift of essential heat shock proteins may deleteriously contribute to the previously observed increased turnover of desmin itself and desmin‐binding partners, which triggers progressive dysfunction of the extrasarcomeric cytoskeleton and the myofibrillar apparatus in the course of the development of desminopathies.
Effect of acupuncture and intervention types on weight loss: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kim S.‐Y. , Shin I.‐S. , Park Y.‐J.
Published: September 2018

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of acupuncture and intervention types on weight loss. We searched electronic databases, including Embase, PubMed, CENTRAL, RISS, KISS and CNKI, for randomized controlled trials that used acupuncture to treat obesity before June 2017. We found 27 trials involving 32 intervention arms and 2,219 patients. Acupuncture plus lifestyle modification (LM) was more effective than LM alone (Hedges' g = 1.104, 95% CI = 0.531–1.678) and sham acupuncture plus LM (Hedges' g = 0.324, 95% CI = 0.177–0.471), whereas acupuncture alone was not more effective than sham acupuncture alone and no treatment. Auricular acupuncture (Hedges' g = 0.522, 95% CI = 0.152–0.893), manual acupuncture (Hedges' g = 0445, 95% CI = 0.044–0.846) and pharmacopuncture (Hedges' g = 0.411, 95% CI = 0.026–0.796) favoured weight loss. Finally, acupuncture treatment was effective only in subjects with overweight (25 ≤ body mass index < 30, Hedges' g = 0.528, 95% CI = 0.279–0.776), not in subjects with obesity (body mass index ≥30). Our study suggests that the effect of acupuncture on weight loss may be maximized when auricular and manual acupuncture or pharmacopuncture treatment is combined with LM in patients with overweight.
A study of viral coat protein accumulation in lily chloroplasts from mixed virus infections of Lily mottle virus and Cucumber mosaic virus
Authors: Zhang Y. B. , Wang Y. J. , Xie Z. K. , Wang R. Y. , Yang G. , Guo Z. H. , Qiu Y.
Published: September 2018

Two viruses that frequently occur in many Lilium species are Lily mottle virus (LMoV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), which usually co‐infect lilies causing severe disease symptoms. Recent reports have revealed that the viral coat protein (CP) affects chloroplast ultrastructure and symptom development. This study used western blot analysis to confirm that in leaves infected by mixed virus infections of LMoV and CMV, CPs of both viruses were accumulated in lily chloroplasts. Immunogold labelling further demonstrated that both the LMoV CP and CMV CP were localized in the stroma and the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts. In addition, it was found that CPs of both viruses were rapidly transported into isolated, intact chloroplasts (in vitro), and their transport efficiencies were positively related to CP concentrations. The lowest transmembrane concentration of CMV CP decreased from 38 μg mL−1 recorded in the single CMV CP import system to 10 μg mL−1 in the mixed import system of LMoV CP and CMV CP. CPs of both viruses exhibited species selection in their transmembrane transport into chloroplasts. This is the first report that the CPs from two viruses (LMoV and CMV) are simultaneously present in lily chloroplasts. Accumulation of high levels of LMoV CP and CMV CP inside the chloroplast appears to contribute to a synergistic interaction inducing the development of mosaic symptoms.
Amino acids profile within peripheral blood and follicular fluid based on high‐performance liquid chromatography methods may explain differences in folliculogenesis between short‐term under/over‐fed treatments during luteal phase of Hu sheep
Authors: Nie Haitao T. , Wang Zi‐yu , Zhang Guomin M. , Wang Feng
Published: September 2018

Contents

The nutritional alteration of amino acids (AAs) profile in physiological fluid was poorly characterized in livestock. After oestrus synchronization, 24 ewes were randomly assigned to two groups based on the nutrient requirement recommended for maintenance (M): the feed‐supplemented group (S, 1.5 × M, N = 12) and feed‐restricted group (R, 0.5 × M, N = 12) on days 6–12 of their oestrous cycle, which occurred shortly before ovulation. The concentration of 30 AAs in peripheral blood (PB) and follicular fluid (FF) was quantified to calculate the PB‐to‐FF concentration gap for each AA and determine its correlation with metabolites and hormones in PB and FF. Results showed that the feed restriction enlarged the oestrous cycle length, decreased the number of follicles 2.5–3.5 mm, increased the number of follicles >3.5 mm and augmented the volume of follicles >2.5 mm. Nineteen AAs from PB were significantly different between the groups. The phosphoethanolamine (PEtN) and ration of essential AAs to nonessential AAs (EAA/NEAA) in FF significantly (p < 0.05) increased and decreased in the R group, respectively. Most AAs, except aspartate (Asp) and carnosine (Car) in the R group and alanine (aAla) in both groups, were significantly lower within FF than those within PB. The correlation of AAs with FSH and progesterone (P4) was more significant than that of AAs with other endocrine milieu characteristics. In conclusion, our results revealed that the influence of short‐term nutritional manipulation during luteal phase on folliculogenesis might not be due to the variation of intrafollicular AAs profile but rather attribute to the peripheral blood AAs profile alteration.
Restoration Ecology's Silver Jubilee: big time questions for restoration ecology
Authors: Reid J. Leighton
Published: September 2018

Restoration Ecology has persisted for 25 years, but how long do restored ecosystems persist? Why do some restored ecosystems continue to accrue biodiversity and provide ecosystem services for decades or centuries while others are rapidly converted to alternative land uses? And how can we enhance the persistence of restored ecosystems? Answering these three big, temporal questions will amplify the lifetime benefits of ecological restoration.
The psychological effects of physical exercise: A controlled study of the placebo effect
Authors: Arbinaga Félix , Fernández‐Ozcorta Eduardo , Sáenz‐López Pedro , Carmona José
Published: September 2018

The research on well‐being and physical exercise point to the possibility of a placebo effect. This study analyzes the effect of expectancy manipulation on psychological (well‐being and self‐esteem) and physical (agility and cardiorespiratory fitness) outcomes after a seven‐week program of aerobic training. 114 undergraduate students (age M = 19.81, SD = 1.75; 86.1% women) were randomized into G1 – No Exercise (n = 13), G2 – Exercise only (n = 15), G3 – Exercise + Manipulation of expectations: No psychological effect (n = 17) and G4 – Exercise + Manipulation of expectations: Psychological effect (n = 21). Outcome measures were the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale, the Well‐Being subscale of the Subjective Exercise Experiences Scale, the Agility T‐test and the 20‐meter Shuttle Run Test. Paired t‐tests showed significant improvements from baseline in self‐esteem, agility, and cardiovascular fitness for the exercise groups. G4 also showed a significant improvement in well‐being. ANCOVA with adjustments for the baseline measures was used to test between‐group differences at the end of the program. The only significant differences at posttest were between G1 and the exercise groups. The data do not support a differential effect of elevated expectations of psychological benefits on the participants’ self‐esteem or psychological well‐being after an aerobic training program. Future research should analyze whether reinforcing expectations more frequently throughout the program might show a more robust influence.
Acute stroke patients’ knowledge of stroke at discharge in China: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Meng‐Die , Wang Yong , Mao Ling , Xia Yuan‐Peng , He Quan‐Wei , Lu Zu‐Xun , Yin Xiao‐Xv , Hu Bo
Published: September 2018

Objectives

A good mastery of stroke‐related knowledge can be of great benefit in developing healthy behaviours. This study surveyed the knowledge about stroke and influencing factors among patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) at discharge in a Chinese province.

Methods

A cross‐section study was conducted from November 1, 2014 to January 31, 2015. A total of 1531 AIS patients in Hubei Province completed a questionnaire at discharge. Multivariate linear regression was used to identify the influencing factors of their knowledge of stroke.

Results

About 31.2% of the respondents did not know that stroke is caused by blockage or rupture of cerebral blood vessels and 20.3% did not realise they need immediate medical attention after onset. Approximately 50% did not know that sudden blurred vision, dizziness, headache and unconsciousness are the warning signs of stroke. Over 40% were not aware of the risk factors of the condition, such as hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking and obesity. Over 20% had no idea that they need long‐term medication and strict control of blood pressure, blood lipids and blood sugar. Their knowledge levels were correlated with regions of residence (P < 0.0001), socioeconomic status (P < 0.05), physical condition (P < 0.01), previous stroke (P < 0.0001) and family members and friends having had a stroke (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Most AIS patients in Hubei Province, China, had little knowledge of stroke at discharge. Further efforts should be devoted to strengthening the in‐hospital education of stroke patients, especially those with a low income and those from rural areas.
Production and characterization of Zika virus RNA reference reagents as a response to a public health emergency
Authors: Fares‐Gusmao Rafaelle , Chancey Caren , Volkova Evgeniya , Grinev Andriyan , Sippert Emilia , Jiang Zhen , Rios Maria
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

The emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in 2015 to 2016 created a global public health crisis and an urgent need for accurate detection assays. Nucleic acid testing (NAT) is the most specific and sensitive technology for early detection of ZIKV. Various NAT protocols have been created, but until recently, assessment of assay performance and comparative studies were hampered by the lack of available standards and reference reagents.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

The Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research/Food and Drug Administration responded to this crisis with the generation of two ZIKV‐RNA reference reagents (ZIKV‐RRs) for use in the development, validation, and assessment of performance of ZIKV‐NAT assays. These reagents were produced from heat‐inactivated (HI) ZIKV culture supernatant stock from two strains (PRVABC59 and FSS13025) diluted in dialyzed, defibrinated human plasma and lyophilized for evaluation in collaborative studies. The liquid, HI stock had been shared with the Paul‐Ehrlich‐Institute (Germany) and were included in the collaborative validation studies for the World Health Organization International Standard for ZIKV (WHO ZIKV IS).

RESULTS

NAT‐detectable units (NDUs)/mL were determined in a collaborative study that led to the assignment of 5.77 log NDUs/mL for PRVABC59 and 5.54 log NDUs/mL for FSS13025 as the final concentrations of the FDA ZIKV‐RRs.

CONCLUSION

We have established well‐characterized reference reagents for ZIKV to facilitate evaluation of existing NAT assays and development of novel ZIKV assays which are correlated to that of the First WHO ZIKV IS. Vials of the ZIKV‐RRs are available to qualified organizations upon request.
Percepção materna do cuidado à saúde da criança na estratégia saúde da família de dois municípios da Paraíba, Brasil
Authors: Figueroa Pedraza Dixis , Silva Santos Iná da
Published: September 2018

Dada a importância do cuidado da criança associada a sua vulnerabilidade, este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a assistência à saúde da criança e analisar fatores associados na Estratégia Saúde da Família de dois municípios da Paraíba, Brasil. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa avaliativa dos atributos da Atenção Primária à Saúde na perspectiva materna. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se questionário validado no Brasil. Foram atribuídos escores a quatro das dimensões da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Constatou-se que apenas a utilização apresentou valores satisfatórios em ambos os municípios. O escore da integralidade foi adequado em um dos municípios, o qual também apresentou comportamento melhor em todas as dimensões e na avaliação geral dos serviços. Crianças de maior idade e de famílias com maior renda se associaram significativamente à atribuição de baixos escores. Como principal achado encontrouse baixa qualidade de cuidados primários de saúde da criança, sobretudo na acessibilidade e longitudinalidade.
Segmentación y comportamiento de lealtad de los pacientes: un análisis clúster en los departamentos de salud de la Comunidad Valenciana
Authors: Calero Gimeno Remedios , Gallarza Granizo Martina G , Gadea Peña Sergio
Published: September 2018

En un marco sanitario de fragmentación territorial y cohabitación de gestión pública con colaboración público-privada, tiene sentido analizar y clasificar los departamentos sanitarios, atendiendo a múltiples objetivos: conocer el comportamiento real de los pacientes cuando pueden elegir dónde ser atendidos, adaptar la cartera de ser vicios a las preferencias del paciente y organizar la asistencia sanitaria desde una óptica territorial, considerando si afecta el modelo de gestión. Se utilizan datos secundarios (más de dos millones) en la Comunidad Valenciana, con un análisis clúster del comportamiento de lealtad (captación, retención y deserción). Esta metodología permite la reagrupación por similitud de los departamentos, explicando su homogeneidad entre sí y heterogeneidad respecto a otros. Se muestra la bondad de este análisis en el sector sanitario. Asimismo, la clasificación obtenida supone una guía para la gestión estratégica de los ser vicios sanitarios (a nivel macro y micro) y ahonda en el debate de la colaboración público-privada.
“I became more Maya”: International Kaqchikel Maya Migration in Central America
Authors: Bennett Joyce N.
Published: September 2018

Previous scholarship highlights migration from the Global South to the Global North. This paper focuses on South-South migration using a case study of a Kaqchikel Maya woman, Brenda, migrating from Guatemala to El Salvador. Her life history and participant-observation data were gathered over the course of 18 months between 2010 and 2015. In her case, migration within Central America encouraged ethnic revitalization, particularly through her investment in Kaqchikel language and clothing. Such revitalization might be a common occurrence among indigenous women and is a significant consequence for indigenous women because of the reinforcement of gendered ethnic work as women are responsible for reproducing indigenous language and the use of ethnically marked clothing.
Dimensiones de integración social en población colombiana y cubana que vive en Quito, Ecuador
Authors: Reyes Valenzuela Carlos , Jaramillo Tejada Francisco , Jayo Suquillo Liliana , Merlyn Marie-France , Martos-Méndez María José
Published: September 2018

La Integración Social (IS) se presenta como un fenómeno clave en la complejidad de las sociedades actuales. Son escasas las investigaciones que considera una perspectiva psicosocial para evaluar la IS y aquí se plantea una propuesta que considera tales dimensiones en población colombiana con desplazamiento forzado y cubana con migración económica residentes en Quito, Ecuador. Participaron 255 personas a los que se evalúan la anomia y arraigo social. Se encuentra que en ambos grupos de participantes, la presencia o ausencia de trabajo condiciona la anomia o arraigo social. Estos resultados presentan implicaciones sobre diversas políticas de inmigración, en las cuales la integración social requeriría incorporar dimensiones psicosociales para abordar tal proceso.
Adaptación y Validación del Cuestionario de Barreras para la Búsqueda de Ayuda para Problemas de Salud Mental, en Adolescentes chilenos
Authors: Olivari Cecilia , Guzmán Mónica
Published: September 2018

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo, adaptar y validar en adolescentes chilenos, el cuestionario de barreras para la búsqueda de ayuda para problemas de salud mental, versión breve (BASH-B). Este cuestionario mide las barreras o razones percibidas por los adolescentes para no buscar ayuda profesional cuando presentan algún problema psicológico. Los participantes fueron 387 adolescentes de entre 14 y 19 años (M = 15.71 años), escolarizados en establecimientos de enseñanza media de la comuna de Talca (Chile). Se analizaron las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento. El análisis confirmatorio corroboró la estructura factorial unidimensional. Además, los índices de confiabilidad fueron adecuados. La escala presentó asociación significativa con las variables depresión y autoeficacia en las direcciones esperadas. En base a estos resultados, es posible decir que el BASH-B es un instrumento que posee propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para medir las barreras de la búsqueda de ayuda en el ámbito de la salud mental en adolescentes.
Leadership Intellectual Stimulation and Team Learning: the Mediating Role of Team Positive Affect
Authors: Sánchez-Cardona Israel , Salanova Soria Marisa , Llorens-Gumbau Susana
Published: September 2018

This study investigates how leadership intellectual stimulation relates to team positive affect and team learning. We explore the role of positive affect as mediator between leadership intellectual stimulation and team learning. Using a cross-sectional sample of 562 employees, nested within 130 teams from 44 small and medium size organizations, we implemented Structural Equation Model analysis at the team level. Results provides evidence of the strong influence that intellectual stimulation have on team learning and team positive affect, as well as the potential of positive affect for stimulate team learning. Team positive affect serves as partial mediator between intellectual stimulation and team learning, contributing to explain significant additional variance. Leadership intellectual stimulation is a relevant team social resource that provides support for team learning. As well, positive affect contributes significantly to improve learning among teams. This suggests the importance of developing leadership behaviors that encourage learning and team positive affect, which contributes to team learning and hence to performance.
Trayectorias delictivas y medidas educativas en el juzgado de menores
Authors: Cuervo Gómez Keren , Villanueva Badenes Lidón , Querol Molinos José M. , Zorio Corella Pilar
Published: September 2018

El objetivo general de este trabajo fue el de determinar el perfil de los menores que acuden al juzgado, según sus trayectorias delictivas, en cuanto al tipo de delito y la medida propuesta. Los participantes de este estudio fueron 210 menores del Juzgado de Castellón, de edades entre 14.03 y 18.1 años. Las trayectorias de los menores reincidentes (23.15) correspondieron, en mayor medida, a delitos cometidos contra la propiedad 51.2% (delitos cometidos contra las personas = 48.8%). Por otra parte, a medida que iba aumentando la restricción de la medida, se incrementaba la reincidencia. Las medidas que contaron con un porcentaje más alto de reincidencia fueron: tratamiento ambulatorio (66.7%), tareas socioeducativas (53.8%), internamiento y (50%) y libertad vigilada (47.2%).
Relatos de vida de estudiantes adolescentes en contexto de contradicción cultural al interior del aula
Authors: Suckel Gajardo Marcela , Campos Saavedra Daniela Ester , Maldonado Elevancini Cecilia , Saavedra Burgos Laura , Castro Hidalgo Abelardo
Published: September 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las vivencias de adolescentes con respecto a su paso por la escuela, caracterizando la contradicción cultural al interior del aula en contextos de vulnerabilidad social y pobreza económica. Desde un enfoque biográfico se entrevistaron 42 estudiantes de octavo año básico de siete escuelas de la provincia de Concepción (Chile). Los resultados muestran características de un sentido de identidad cultural y de diferenciación respecto del rol y la posición del estudiante en la escuela, la cultura escolar y la forma en que se expresa en el aula, a través de sus profesores. Para algunos estudiantes la escuela es complementaria a “proyectos de vida”. Para otros, la cultura de la escuela representa el lugar donde no se sienten libres, generando interpretaciones contradictorias a su identidad cultural.