bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Buffer Layer of CIS Thin Film Solar Cell by Separate-Melting Chemical Bath Deposition Methods
Authors: Wong King Leung , Chen Hung En , Chen Wen Lih
Published: June 2012

In this work, cadmium sulphide (CdS) buffer layer of CuInSe2 (CIS) thin film solar cell is fabricated by separate-melting Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) methods. The reason of adopting the CdS thin film as the buffer layer of CIS thin film solar cell is that the CdS can act as energy gap buffer and reduce the band-offset between CIS absorbing layer and the Transparent Conductive Oxide layer. The CdS thin films are generated by the separate-melting CBD methods in situation of atmosphere. In order to analyze the characteristics of the CdS thin films conveniently, the CdS thin films are firstly fabricated on Soda-lime, and the final found optimal CdS thin film is fabricated on the CIS/Mo/Soda-lime glasses. Then the p-n diode characteristic of the CdS/CIS/Mo/Soda-lime glasses is measured by four-point probe. And the CdS thin films are fabricated by the separate-melting CBD methods through various combinations of time interval from 40 and 60 minutes and temperature range from 70,75,80 and 85°C. It is found that the combination of 85°C and 60 minutes is optimal to obtain smoother surface and more uniform thickness of CdS thin film. Additionally from optical characteristic analysis, in situation of emitted light wave length 500 nm, the transmittance of the cadmium sulphide thin film is 61%. Meanwhile, the band gap is close to theoretical value of 2.4 eV.
Study on the Experimental Preparation of the SiO2 Minus Reflection Film of the Solar Spectrum Selective Absorption Coating
Authors: Liu Han Wu , Sun Wen Jing , Gao Shuai
Published: June 2012

In order to meet the applications of the solar power air-conditioning, solar power generation and in the high-end flat plate collector domestic market and architecture, the study on the middle-high temperature solar selective absorption coating has attracted people's attention. In this paper, SS-N-O and SiO2 were used as the absorption and the minus reflection film. The high-performance middle-high temperature flat solar selective absorption coating with excellent optical properties (absorption ratio was greater than 0.92 and the launch ratio was less than 0.09), strong oxidation resistance and weather resistance was prepared by the use of magnetron sputtering technique. By controlling the process parameters and the experimental tests of the optical properties, a good performance SiO2 minus reflection film was obtained, and then combined it with SS-N-O to form a relatively inexpensive gradient coating which could meet the relevant performance requirements. The experimental results show that: in the conditions of that the vacuum degree was 2.8 × 10-3 Pa, sputtering voltage was 268 V, argon gas flow was 4.0 sccm, oxygen flow rate was 0.7 sccm and the sputtering current was 1.3 A, borosilicate glass 3.3 was used as a carrier, the SiO2 minus reflection film which reflectance and transmittance were respectively 0.121 and 0.740 was obtained by 30 minutes of stable magnetron sputtering. This minus reflection film was combined well with the gradual double-layer absorption film SS-N-O, and the absorption rate was increased by 0.049.
Damping Properties of Li6La2SrBi2O12 Ceramic Particulates Reinforced Cement Composites
Authors: Wang Wei Guo , Hao Gang Ling , Ren Xin Cheng , Lv Lei
Published: June 2012

The higher damping capacity and hardness Li6La2SrBi2O12ceramic particles at room temperature were added into the cement to form the composite materials. The maximum damping capacity of the 25 wt% Li6La2SrBi2O12ceramic/cement composites is as high as 0.015 at 310 K and 9 Hz, corresponding to a vibration energy dissipation of about 10% in each vibration cycle. The flexural strength of the the 10 wt% Li6La2SrBi2O12ceramic/cement composite is about 50% higher than that of the pure cement sample
Effect of Cetane Number Improver on Emission Characteristics of Methanol/Diesel Blend Fuel
Authors: Du Jia Yi , Zhang Wei Xun , Zhang Deng Pan , Sun Zhen Yu
Published: June 2012

The influence of cetane number improver on emission characteristics of diesel engine fueled with methanol/diesel blend fuel was investigated. Methanol/diesel blend fuel was prepared, in which the methanol content is 10%, different mass fraction (0%，0.5%) of cetane number improver were added to the blend fuel. Load characteristic experiments at maximum torque speed of the engine were carried out on 4B26 direct injection diesel engine. The results show that, compared with the engine fueled with diesel, the CO emission increases under low loads and reduces under medium and high loads, the HC emission increases, the NOx emission decreases under medium and low loads and increases under high loads, the soot emission reduces significantly when the diesel engine fueled with blends. When cetane number improver was added to blends, the CO and NOx emission reduces, the HC emission decreases, the soot emission increases to some extent compared with the methanol/dieselblend fuel without cetane number improver.
Experimental Study on Temperature Effect on Engineering Properties of Clayey Soils
Authors: Shao Yu Xian , Shi Bin , Liu Chun , Gao Lei
Published: June 2012

Temperature significantly influences the engineering properties of clayey soil and this temperature effect usually depends on soil type. In this investigation, laboratorial experiments were conducted on three soils to evaluate the adsorbed water content, Atterberg limits, swelling, shear strength and permeability under different temperatures (5-50°C). The results indicate that liquid limit decreases, swelling increases, permeability increases with increasing temperature. It is fundamentally due to the change of adsorbed water content. Hydrophilic minerals, which contain large amounts of adsorbed water, play an important role in the temperature effect. With the increase of hydrophilic minerals, the temperature effect on liquid limit increases and the effect on swelling ratio decreases. The hydrophilic minerals content also has significant impact on the temperature effect of permeability. With increasing temperature, the adsorbed water is transformed to free water, and then the permeability may increase significantly. The shear strength of clayey soils with higher content of hydrophilic mineral is more sensitive to temperature variation. The cohesive force mainly changes linearly with the temperature. Different phenomena, i.e. thermal-hardening or thermal-softening, was observed on strength behaviour due to different hydrophilic mineral content, moisture content and dry density of sample.
Microwave Absorber Coating Material Using Oil Palm Ash
Authors: Abdullah@Idris Hasnain , Zanal Asmalia , Taib Mohd Nasir , Mohamed Noordin Ida Rahayu , bin Wan Ali Wan Khairuddin , Ariffin Rusnani , Abdullah Samihah , Baharudin Rohaiza , Abdullah Ahmad Takiyuddin
Published: June 2012

The most important part to be highlighted in developing a reliable microwave absorber is the material used to fabricate the absorber. As an alternative in managing the increase of the oil palm residues throughout the country, this study is focusing on developing a microwave absorber coating using oil palm fly ash. The software uses for design and simulation of microwave absorber is CST Microwave Studio (CST MWS) which enables the fast and accurate analysis of high frequency devices. The simulation design is fabricated to a number of layers which is coated by oil palm ash as a lossy element. The measurement and performance are carried out in the high broadband frequency of 8 to 12 GHz (X-band).
Synthesis and Characterization of a New Magnetic Polyurethane Material
Authors: Song Xia , Li Dan Dan , Li Xiao Yan , Gong Jian Hua , Zhao Ya Juan
Published: June 2012

Magnetic polyurethane was synthesized by a prepolymerization body method using poly(1,4-butylene adipate glycol), 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1,4-butyl glycol, and a magnetic chain extender. The magnetic chain extender is synthesized by a method involving the use of dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) and ferrous powder in dimethyl formamide as solvent conditions. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy is used to characterize the magnetic chain extender, and the rheological properties of magnetic Polyurethane are measured by a torque rheometer.
Synthesis and Characterization of Cu2FeSnS4 Semiconductor Nanocrystals with Zincblende Structure
Authors: Liang Xiao Lu , Wei Xian Hua
Published: June 2012

Cu2FeSnS4 semiconductor nanocrystals with zincblende structure have been successfully synthesized by a hot-injection approach. Cu+, Fe2+, and Sn4+ cations have a random distribution in the zincblende unit cell, and the occupancy possibilities are 1/2, 1/4 and 1/4, respectively. Those nanocrystals were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy. The Cu2FeSnS4 nanocrystals have an average size of 7.5 nm and a band gap of 0.92 eV.
Fabrication and Calibration of Cu-Ni Thin Film Thermocouples
Authors: Guo Hang , Jiang Jun Ying , Liu Jia Xing , Nie Zhi Hua , Ye Fang , Ma Chong Fang
Published: June 2012

Thin film thermocouples (TFTCs) have vast vistas owing to their advantages, such as thin junction, small volume, fast response rate, high sensitivity and so on. In this investigation, a transient temperature sensor of TFTCs was fabricated to measure the surface transient temperature by vacuum coating technology. Silicon dioxide was selected as insulating substrate, the overall dimension of which was 8 mm long, 8 mm wide, and 0.1 mm thick. Two different metal layers were sandwiched between silicon dioxide 2 insulating substrate and silicon dioxide protective layer: cuprum and nickel films, which were 0.08 μm thick. TFTCs consist of 13 Cu-Ni junctions, which are connected in series. The whole TFTCs area is 4.6mm × 4.6 mm. The aggregate thickness of the transient temperature sensor is 0.17 μm. To protect Cu and Ni films, a silicon dioxide layer thickness of 0.01 μm was evaporated on metal layers excluding terminal points. This research carried out static and dynamic calibration to TFTCs. The Seebeck coefficient of the thin film thermocouple is 0.83843 μV/°C. The dynamic performance of TFTCs exhibited dynamic behavior corresponding to the heat flux change on the surface of thin film thermocouple.
One-Pot Synthesis of Au Supported Titania Composite Photocatalyst and its Photocatalytic Activities for Dye Degradation
Authors: Zhang Qing Hong , Yu Wei Wei , Wang Hong Zhi
Published: June 2012

Au supported titania composite photocatalyst was prepared by one-pot synthesis method where titanate nanotubes as supports and which was subsequently transformed into anatase TiO2 during the water vapor treatment. The composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and N2 isothermal adsorption-desorption. Au nanoparticles in the crystallite size of 10-15 nm were uniformly deposited onto the surface of titanate nanotubes or anatase TiO2 nanoparticles. Some nanotubes were kept even at 120 °C and the composite had specific surface areas ranged from 163 to 310 m2.g1 depending on the vapor temperature. The photocatalytic activity of the composite photocatalyst was evaluated in the degradation of dyes acid red G (ARG) and methylene blue (MB) under UV irradiation. Au supported TiO2 had good adsorption ability to dyes, and showed an enhanced photocatalytic efficiency compared to the pristine titanate nanotubes.
Realization of Flameless Combustion of Liquid Fuel
Authors: Cui Yun Jing , Lin Qi Zhao
Published: June 2012

Being an advantageous combustion technology, flameless combustion is being widely investigated mainly with gaseous fuels for its high efficiency and low pollution. In this paper the realization of liquid flameless combustion in micro turbine environment is investigated. It is indicated that air preheating is not the essential condition to attain flameless mode and the air injection speed is more important to lower the whole reaction rate. Flameless combustion was described in terms of the realization mechanism, flow field, flame shape, temperature, and emissions. Finally the heat transfer model of the recirculated gas applicable to liquid fuel flameless combustion based on the combustor structure is presented.
Tribological Properties of Gray Cast Iron/ AISI 52100 Steel Contacts when Lubricated with Fluorosilicone Oils as Additives
Authors: Feng Xin , Xia Yan Qiu
Published: June 2012

Abstract. Two fluorosilicone oils as additives were evaluated using an Optimol SRV reciprocating friction and wear tester by gray cast iron disc against AISI 52100 steel ball at 20 N and sliding speed of 0.20 m/s, respectively. The morphologies of worn surface of the disc were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, the elemental compositions and chemical states of several typical elements on the worn surfaces of the gray cast iron discs were examined by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results indicate that PAO(Poly-alpha-olefin)+F-Si-E exhibite excellent tribological properties. This is partly attributed to material properties and tribological reaction between the lubricant and the sliding surface.
Catalytic Oxidative Desulfurization of Model Fuel Oil with Phosphomolybdic Acid Loaded on SiO2
Authors: Qiu Jiang Hua , Wang Guang Hui , Bao Yun Cheng , Zhang Yu Qin , Zeng Dan Lin
Published: June 2012

Phosphomolybdic acid loaded on SiO2 has been prepared as the catalyst by the sol-gel method. The catalysts were evaluated for the oxidative desulfurization of model fuel oil using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. Results show that the calcined temperature, Mo/Si molar ratio, catalyst dosage, H2O2 dosage, reaction temperature and reaction time affect the desulfurization rates. The oxidative reactions fit apparent first-order kinetics, and the apparent activation energies of BT and DBT are 51.87 KJ/mol and 25.79 KJ/mol, respectively.
TiO2 Particles with Controlled Size Prepared by a Simple Micro-Emulsion Method and their Application in the Dye-Senstitized Solar Cell
Authors: Yu Xiang Mei , Meng Shu Xian , Feng Ya Qing , Liu Lin , Peng Xiao
Published: June 2012

Titanium dioxide was synthesized by a simple micro-emulsion method at low temperature. By using different surfactants and different mass ratios of the titanium source to the surfactant in the micro-emulsion system, we obtained the size controlled micro-structured titanium dioxide. The synthesized materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The 10~20nm TiO2 nanoparticles are obtained by adjusting the different surfactants to control the surfactant aggregation. The highest photoelectric conversion efficiency of 7.38% was achieved in the N719-sensitized solar cells in which the nanometer-sized semiconductor TiO2 was prepared by using TritonX-100 as the surfactant and the aqueous tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) as the titanium source with the ratio of 1:4 (TritonX-100 : TBT).
Preparation of High Heating Value Gas, High Quality Bio-Oil and Added Value Carbon Materials from Caragana Pyrolyzed via Super-High Temperature Steam
Authors: Liu Jun Li , Jiang Jian Chun , Yang Wei Hong
Published: June 2012

Caragana is an abundant plant as the feedstock of biomass energy in China. In this study, pyrolysis of Caragana in the presence of high temperature medium and characterization of products has been carried out. Evaluation of experimental results showed that faster devolatilization and char with increased surface area obtained in the presence of high temperature steam comparing to N2. Analysis of the obtained liquid revealed that the H/C and O/C ratios in the liquid are 1.5 and 0.16 respectively. Further more gas composition during high temperature steam pyrolysis differs from gas composition derived from N2 pyrolysis which indicates interaction of steam with vapors and solid species even at low treatment temperatures. The derived products’ yields and characteristics indicate possible exploitation of derived char as activate carbon precursor. Liquid fraction composition makes it suitable for exploitation as liquid fuel and/or chemical feedstock.
Properties and Structure of Ni/TiO2/Polar Molecule Core-Shell Particles Electrorheological Fluid
Authors: Tan Suo Kui , Song Xiao Ping , Zhao Hong , Ji Song , Qiao Li , Guo Hong Yan , Zhang Yan Song
Published: June 2012

By means of mechanical properties test and structure observation， the relationship among electric field strength, polar molecule type, content on the Ni/TiO2 group electrorheological fluid properties have been analyzed. It is found that with increasing electric field strength，the properties of electrorheological fluid increased for same composition ER fluid. Different type polar molecules have distinct effect. For same particle，with increasing polar molecule content，the property is increased, but there is a critical value . Polar molecule make particles chain of electrorheological fluid become strong，coarse and interweaved each other.
Research on Heat-Transfer Process of the Radiant Ceiling Cooling System
Authors: Yan Quan Ying , Huo Ran , Jin Li Li
Published: June 2012

Physical and numerical models of the radiant ceiling cooling system were built and numerically simulated. The results showed that the lower the temperature of cooling water is, the lower surface temperature the ceiling has, and the bigger the cooling capacity is. The bigger the depth of tubes is, the higher the surface temperature and the smaller the cooling capacity. The differences are not evident. The bigger the distance of tubes is, the bigger the surface temperature is and the smaller the cooling capacity is. The diameter of tubes has a few influences on the surface temperature and the cooling capacity. Results in this paper can provide basis and guide for the design of the project, the selection of parameters and the feasibility of the system.
Technical and Performance Study of Ti-Sn Composite Chemical Conversion Coating on Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Wu Yan Bo , Wang Xiao Xi , Lou Ting , Song Tie Ben
Published: June 2012

SnSO4 and TiOSO4 were chosen in this paper as the main salts for preparing composite chemical conversion coating on aluminum alloy. The scope of this paper is to find out the optimal experiment process, the performance of Ti-Sn composite chemical conversion coating and tentative to analysis the microstructure of this chemical conversion coating. The optimal conditions of the concentration ratio of TiOSO4 and SnSO4 was 0.4g/L, 0.4g/L, KMnO4 1.0g/L, NaF 1.0g/L, reaction temperature 50°C、reaction time was 3min. And then different methods were used to study the performance and microstructure of the conversion coating.
Experimental Research on Effects of Diffuser and Mixing Chamber on Liquid-Gas Ejector Driven by Aqueous LiBr Solution
Authors: Gao Hong Tao , Wang Rui , Deng Ling
Published: June 2012

From the standpoint of offering reference for its optimal design, liquid-gas ejector is applied to absorption refrigerator in order to improve mass transfer efficiency. The experimental performance of ejector driven by aqueous LiBr solution was investigated. The experimental results indicate that the diffuser with larger diameter of throat could improve the system cooling capacity while reducing the volume of absorber; the larger diameter of the mixing chamber could improve the cooling capacity, but the extent of improvement is little and the required absorber volume per kW of cooling capacity greatly is increased.
Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Nitrite at Platinum Particles Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Hao Yu Cui , Shen Li , Ai Zhi
Published: June 2012

Platinum particles modified glassy carbon electrode（Pt/GCE）was prepared by electrochemically deposite. The electrochemica1 behaviors of nitrite on Pt/GCE were studied by cyclic voltammetry. The influence factors of electrocatalysis for nitrite oxidation on Pt/GCE were studied. The result showed that Pt/GCE has favorable electrocatalysis for nitrite. oxidation, which was effected by the amount of platinum particles and the pH of base solution
A Simulation Model for Predicting the Performance of Solar Domestic Hot Water System
Authors: Nhut Le Minh , Park Youn Cheol
Published: June 2012

The article deals with the modeling and simulation aspects of the performance improvement of a solar domestic hot water system. A mathematical model of this system is carried out to predict its operating performance under specified weather conditions of Jeju Island, Korea. The optimum mass flow rate through collector based on the relationship between the useful heat gain of solar collector and the electricity consumption of solar pump is investigated. Besides, the effect of various parameters such as solar collector area, initial water temperature and volume of storage tank is analyzed. The result of the simulation shows that the optimum mass flow rate was determined at kg/s with the new coefficient . At this value, the amount of useful heat gain slightly decreased about 84.3 (Wh) corresponds to 0.16% but the amount of electricity consumption strongly decreased about 227.8 (Wh) corresponds to 48.8% compares with kg/s ( ) was proposed by . Furthermore, the system performance is affected strongly by the change of collector area, initial water temperature and volume of storage tank.
Thermogravimetric Analysis of Desulfurization Characteristics and Kinetic Parameters of Limestone Modified by Red Mud
Authors: Wei Feng Nian , Guo Lu Yang , Liu Zhi Chao , Shen Xu , Liu Hong Tao
Published: June 2012

The effects of three kinds of red mud from alumina plant on limestone’s sulfation kinetics were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis method. Red mud can effectively improve the desulfurization performance of limestone in the whole temperature range. Red mud has little effect on the rate constant of the surface reaction (k), but it can significantly improve the effective diffusivity of reactant in the product layer (Ds). The enhancement of sulfation is more pronounced once the product layer has been formed and consequently the promoting effect becomes greater once the sulfation reaction becomes diffusion controlled.
Lignin Recovery from the Black Liquor of Reed Pulping
Authors: Xu Ke Ming , Liu Hai Yan , Dong Long , Tong Shuang , Liu Yong Jian
Published: June 2012

Lignin is extracted from Reed black liquor of papermaking through the acid-precipitation method in this article. Single factor and orthogonal experimental design are applied to optimize research on the extraction of lignin from black liquor of papermaking process, the optimum extraction conditions are obtained: pH is 2, reaction temperatures is 60°C, coagulation time is 30min, flocculation temperature is 70°C. The results show that: the extraction effect of sulfuric acid is better than hydrochloric acid, and its flocculation effect of pH value on lignin production rate is the most, the following is by flocculation temperatures, flocculation, reaction temperature is with minimal impact. And the infrared spectroscopy is used to characterize the structure of extracting lignin.
High Accuracy Modeling Method for Photovoltaic Arrays
Authors: Mahmoud Soliman , Mohamed Heba
Published: June 2012

This paper proposes high accuracy modeling approach for PV arrays. The I-V characteristic of PV cell is described by nonlinear equation that’s complicated to be solved by the ordinary mathematical methods. The main theme of this contribution is to use a robust algorithm to solve for all single diode model parameters. Validation of the model with experimental data of Solarex MSX60 solar array is provided.
Optimization of Extraction Process by Response Surface Methodology of Polysaccharides from Acanthopanax obouatus Hoo
Authors: Li Xiao Rong , Zhao Peng
Published: June 2012

Polysaccharide from Acanthopanax obouatus Hoo(AHPs) was extracted with the hot water.Box-Behnken design(BBD) was employed to optimize extraction temperature; extraction time and ratio of water to raw material to obtain a high AHPs yield. The yield of polysaccharide was 4.68% based on the above mentioned conditions.Close agreement between experimetal and predicted values was found.
Oxidative Esterification of Methacrolein to Methyl Methacrylate over La Doped Catalyst
Authors: Li Gui Hua , Wang An Feng
Published: June 2012

In this present work, rare earth elements La was added to catalysts for the oxidative esterification of methacrolein (MAL) to methyl methacrylate(MMA). Catalysts were characterized by means of BET techniques. Effects of La proportion, material liquid pH and catalyst amount on catalytic performance were investigated. The results indicated that the addation of La in appropriate proportion could improve the catalyst’s activity. 1.0% was found to be the optimum La additional amount. Under the condition of reation temperature 323K, w%(catalyst) 3.6%, proportion of La in the catalyst 1%, pH of material liquid 10.0 the MMA yield could reached up to 89.8%.
Studies on Penicillium M2 Chitosanase Immobilized on CSG Hybrid Material by Cross-Linking Reaction
Authors: Wang Yan Jun , Zhuo Shao Ling , Chen Sheng
Published: June 2012

Chitosanase was immobilized on CSG hybrid material by cross-linking reaction and the immobilization conditions and characterization of the immobilized enzyme were carried out. The optimal conditions for immobilization were as follows: 0.1 g carrier material was treated with 2.5 ml 5% solution of glutaraldehyde and 2 ml chitosanase was immobilized on the carrier. Optimal temperature and pH for the immobilized enzyme were 60°C and 7.0, respectively. Kinetic parameter Km was10.64 g/l. The immobilized enzyme showed better operation and storage stability than the free enzyme.
Optimal Tilt Angle for PV Modules Using the Neural-Genetic Algorithm Considering Mathematical Model of the Solar Orbit and Position
Authors: Chang Ying Pin
Published: June 2012

This paper presents a method which combines an artificial neural network and a genetic algorithm (ANNGA) in determining the tilt angle for photovoltaic (PV) modules. First, a Taguchi experiment was used to perform an efficient experimental design and analyze the robustness of the tilt angles for fixed south-facing PV modules. Following, the results from the Taguchi experiment were used as the learning data for an artificial neural network (ANN) model that could predict the tilt angles at discrete levels. Finally, a genetic algorithm method was applied to obtain a robust tilt angle setting of the tilt angle of PV modules with continuous variables. The objective is to maximize the electrical energy of the modules. In this study, three Taiwanese areas were selected for analysis. The position of the sun at any time and location was predicted by the mathematical procedure of Julian dating; then, the solar irradiation was obtained at each site under a clear sky. To confirm the computer simulation results, experimental system are conducted for determining the optimum tilt angle of the modules. The results show that the seasonal optimum angle is 26.4 (deg.) for February-March-April; -9.47(deg.) for May-June-July, 21.32(deg.) for August-September-October and 53.13(deg.) from November-December-January in the Taiwan area.
Study and Application of the Mid-Long Term Energy early Warning System Based on SGM Model
Authors: Deng Yi Xiang , Wang Si Qiang
Published: June 2012

With the rapid economic development and improvement of the people’s living standard, the energy demand is increasing very fast in China. The national comprehensive energy early warning system is studied is this paper to adapt to the fundamental task of energy construction in China. On the energy demand forecast based on SGM model, the compreshensive energy warning system is built in this paper and put into the mid-long term enrgy early warning in China. For the BaU scenario, the comprehensive indices are dangerous both in 2020 and 2030; for the SD scenario, the comprehensive indices are attentive both in 2020 and 2030. So it can be concluded that the energy saving and sustainable development should be insisted to cope with the energy problems in China.
Problems and Solutions of Solar Energy Development and Utilization in Coral Reefs
Authors: Jiang Hai Bo , Liu Jie , Yang Ping
Published: June 2012

To develop and take advantage of solar energy resources in coral reefs, the paper discussed the problems about local solar resources, typhoon, corrosion, geology, transportations and installation. The analysis indicates that the typhoon-prone, serious corrosion and bad geology will cause many difficulties to installation and use of solar power equipments. Authors believe that, installing and using small solar power equipment in coral reefs is feasible, but the suitable measure of anti-typhoon, anti-corrosion, transportation, installation and maintenance must be accepted, which needs a great deal of budget support.
Analysis and Study on Steering Model of the Four-wheel Independent Driven Electric Vehicle
Authors: Mao Yong Wen , Zhang Bao Xia , Cun Li Gang , Xiao Cheng
Published: June 2012

Based on the Ackermann-Jeantand steering model, combined with the structure of the electric vehicle (EV), three different steering models are established .The speed of each wheel is calculated during the steering process based on these models. These function relationships are analyzed on MATLAB platform, and the results obtained show the availability and feasibility of these models. Finally, the travel environments of EV are pointed out in which three different steering models are fit respectively.
Research on Modeling and Simulation of Engine-Generator in the Electric Drive Vehicle
Authors: Liu Qiu Li , Liu Chun Guang , Su Jian Qiang , Wei Wei
Published: June 2012

Since the complicated configuration and nonlinear nature of the internal combustion engine (ICE/engine), it’s difficult to modeling with dynamic characteristic. Aimed to this problem, a method which associates testing data with control theory for engine is presented. For the engine output is always link up generator in the hybrid electric drive vehicle, the work looks them as a whole and establishes the simulation model of engine-generator based on BP neural network and inertia element. The approach of how to computer parameters are introduced detailed. The simulation and experiment results indicated that the model’s performance data is consistent with the actual engine-generator very well.
Turning Dynamics of Series Hybrid Power All-Terrain Vehicle
Authors: Fang Shu , Zhang Zhen Wei , Zhang Lei
Published: June 2012

The complex and unstructured working environment of all-terrain vehicle cause large resistance when they are turning. The turning power which affects a lot on the mobility of all-terrain vehicle is much larger than the power in running straight. In this paper, a series hybrid power system of an all-terrain fire robot was discussed, the turning model of the robot is simplified to 2D mechanical model, force analysis was made, a power formula in which the power is only related to the drag coefficient and relative turning radius was derived, and a dynamic model based on the driving power of lateral side and the braking power of medial side has been set up, simulation has been made in the condition of paddy field, hard soil road and asphalt road, the simulation reults shows the characteristic curve of driving power and baking power in turning, and the extreme power needed in turnning have been found.
Analysis about the Feasibility of Power Generation through Renewable Energy on Coral Reefs
Authors: Liu Jie , Jiang Hai Bo , Guo Hang
Published: June 2012

This paper analyzed the feasibility of development and utilization of four kinds of renewable energy sources which are wind energy, wave energy and ocean current energy, solar energy and gave some specific recommendations about the use of wind power. The richness of four kinds of energy sources and some problems about the cost, reliability, installation, utilization and maintenance were systematically investigated. Studies have shown that on the coral reefs solar power generation has the more feasibility than wind power generation, and wave power generation and marine power generation have no feasibility within future ten years.
Design of Powertrain of Electric Vehicle with Requirement of Performance Indexes
Authors: Li Jun Wei , Chen Jing , Wang Yu Hai
Published: June 2012

Based on the vehicle dynamic model and it’s parameters, the drive train arrangement is chosen composed of power batteries, an electric motor and transmission, and the components’ performance parameters are determined according to the design requirement of performance indexes. The model of the electric vehicle is built, and the simulation and analysis of vehicle performance indexes, such as the ability to accelerate, top speed, climbing performance and the driving range, are conducted. The simulation results show that the performance index of the electric vehicle can fully meet the design requirement.
Fault Diagnosis Research for Electrical Starting System of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Wavelet Transform
Authors: Wei Wei , Peng Zhen Ming , Zhu Zong Ping , Rao Jing Song , Lu Cheng , He Shu Xian
Published: June 2012

The non-stationary characteristics of starting motor’s current can effectively reflect the faults of vehicle’s electrical starting system. Taking the working current of starting motor as original signal, the signal’s singular points were detected by wavelet transforming. And through comparing the singularity characteristics with normal state, the common faults of starting system were identified accurately. The practical application to a certain type of hybrid electric vehicle shows that the proposed method based on wavelet singularity analysis can effectively extract the key characteristics of starting current signal and realize the identification of electric starting system’s common faults.
Impacts of Methanol Blending Gasoline on Vehicle as Transportation Fuel
Authors: Zhang Zhi Ying , Li Hui Ming
Published: June 2012

Methanol is an attractive alternative transportation fuel because it is a renewable resource and it is oxygenated, thereby providing the potential to reduce particulate emissions in gasoline engines. In this paper the key impacts to the properties of methanol blended with gasoline fuel are discussed. The property impacts including increased alcohol and oxygen content, stability, hygroscopicity, volatility and materials compatibility. The effect of the changed properties on engine performance, durability and emissions is also considered.
Influence of Solar Radiation of External Decorative Materials on Heat Consumption of Buildings
Authors: Chen Jian Ping , Dong Hai Rong
Published: June 2012

There are many types of external decorative materials of buildings, which have different properties in absorbing, reflecting and re-radiating the solar radiation because of their different color, texture and degree of roughness. Different external decorative materials for the buildings with same direction, the amount of solar radiation will be different. The correction of heat- transferring coefficient of envelope is related not only to the direction, but also to the selected external decorative materials of buildings. In this paper, the method is to establish thermal gain or loss model of architectural envelope, to analysis the influence of solar radiation of different external decorative materials on heat consumption of buildings. Aim to provide the reference for the selection of external decorative materials in architectural design, and to improve indoor thermal comfort and reduce architectural energy consumption.
On Green Strategy of the Building Industry: Case Study of Vanke
Authors: Guo Xiao Mei , Lin Yu Xing
Published: June 2012

The building industry is known to have consumed a large portion of resources. Though the Chinese government has tried various initiatives to make it green, local developers are lagging behind. The major barrier is the perceived huge front-up cost. In this article, the authors explored the green transformation of Vanke, the largest real estate company in China, to see how to make the green strategy succeed. The authors argued that cost of green strategy is not so huge; the associated benefits with green can covered the increase cost if proper practices are adopted.
A Certain City Public Building Energy Consumption and Energy Saving of Economic Research and Statistics
Authors: Yu Wei , Li Wei Teng , Huo Mei Juan
Published: June 2012

In this paper, the main public buildings, Lang fang City, Hebei province, the research summary and statistical power to the city building a sewage treatment plant sewage source heat pump system operating on-site monitoring, the monitoring results of economic analysis with traditional heating methods from the initial investment and operation of both comprehensive economic analysis and comparison.
A Study on Building Energy Efficiency and Low-Carbon Building
Authors: Li Wang
Published: June 2012

Resource shortage and people’s concern about carbon emissions will greatly influence building energy efficiency. Building energy efficiency is the basis for achieving carbon reduction and it should develop into low-carbon building. After introducing the concept of low-carbon buildings, this paper analyzes the important role technology plays in low-carbon building development and proposes several energy-efficiency measures concerning new building construction, old building transformation and low carbon lifestyle. The paper aims to be of help in promoting the development of low-carbon buildings.
Apply DEST Analysis Software on a Public Building Energy Consumption in a City
Authors: Li Wei Teng , Yu Wei , Huo Mei Juan
Published: June 2012

This article on a sewage treatment plant building in Langfang city, Hebei province apply Dest software for energy analysis and energy consumption analysis of the building, results table for further analysis of economic operation provides powerful information.
The Exploration on the after Use of the Expo Pavilion
Authors: Tang Chen Hui , Chang Li , Guo Hai Tao
Published: June 2012

The expo 2010 in Shanghai from May 1st to October 30th has ended, after six months, 55billion dollars, and 73million visitors. According to the rules of the Bureau International des Expositions, the global governing body of Expos, all the pavilions on the expo site should be taken down. However that will put the Shang Hai Expo into dilemma, as which was characterized by its greenness, expo pavilions destruction will create tons of waste instead of “better city, better life”. Except for the China Pavilion and Expo performance centre, other pavilions have to wait to be chosen either remained or removed to other location. Therefore this thesis is trying to make some case analyses of the Expo pavilion in the history and explore the potential of the temporary building.
The Calculation and Distribution of Degree Days in Shaanxi Province
Authors: Wu Shu Yun , Yan Zeng Feng , Jin Shu Qian , Li Yan Jun
Published: June 2012

It is widely accepted around the world that degree days should act as the measurement of HVAC energy in a given place. This paper makes use of the temperature data from 1985 to 2004 from 96 meteorological stations in Shaanxi Province. Based on the daily average temperature in some cities, counties and districts in Shaanxi, we work out the degree days. We divide different zones according to the normalized degree days from 1995 to 2004. In this paper, we analyze the distribution of degree days in Shaanxi, the changes in every decade, and the monthly distribution of degree days in Yulin, Yan’an, Xi’an, Hanzhong, as well as the changes of value in 20 years in Xi’an. At last, we figure out that Shaanxi has spread out its terrain in two climate zones: one is the cold zone; the other is the hot summer and cold winter zone. The HDD18 value has declined continuously in 20 years, and it drops 194.8°C•d/10a every year; meantime the CDD26 has ascended by 28.1°C•d/10a. In all the cities, the HDD18 value is the highest in January, and lowest in July. In the past 20 years in Xi’an, HDD18 value has dropped by 25.0°C•d/a, and the CDD26 has risen by 5.2°C•d/a, which are the highest among those cities.
Thermal Studies of Feasible Ecological Architecture for Rural Northwestern China
Authors: Mu Jun , Chen Jing
Published: June 2012

Aiming to minimize fossil fuel use and environmental impacts caused by buildings, thermal design is one of the most effective approaches forwards ecological architecture. For any given region, ecologically thermal design has to follow the principles of ecological design, which need to be conditioned to the local situation. In this context, under the poor conditions of rural Northwestern China, the feasibility limited by budget and conventional resources for construction is the main challenge faced by ecologically thermal design for local buildings. Under the background, the methodology based on condition analyses and computer simulating experiments with TAS is involved in the study. Based on locally available building elements and technology the paper carries out a series of alternative techniques and feasible thermal design strategies for this region, aiming to reach the most effectively ecological approach. As a result, the relationship between the cost increase and improvement of building thermal performance resulting from each technique is reduced, so as to assist locals to design and construct the feasible ecological buildings according to their individual situations in economy, resources, functions and site condition. This illustrates an inspiring way towards the ecological architecture suitable for rural Northwestern China.
A Strategy for Promoting Utility of Recycling Green Building Materials in Taiwan
Authors: Kung Gordon Tung Chin , Tsai Chih Ta , Chang Juu En , Tang Yu Geng
Published: June 2012

The role of 3R (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) in constructing the Eco-society or Eco-city has been comprehensively recognized and promoted worldwide over the past two decades. Nowadays, several hot issues such as the energy saving, CO2 reduction, and eco-society have received great attention. Approximately 40% of global energy is used in the construction and subsequent operation stage, while a large amount of construction waste is produced during construction and after demolition. In Taiwan, the government continuously makes great efforts to promote the development of green building materials produced with the recycling construction waste over the past decades. However, the recycling green building materials are not extensively accepted and used in the construction industry of Taiwan. The objective of this study is to propose a strategy for promoting the recycling green building materials through the investigation of “cradle-to-cradle” life cycle of construction products. The key factors lowering people’s impression and purchase behavior have been studied. The disadvantage of existing policy of government is also discussed and compared. Finally, the present study attempts to propose a feasible strategy to assist government to promote the utility of recycling green building materials.
Chlorine Ion Penetration Resistance of Concretes Containing Super-Fine Limestone Powder
Authors: Li Hong Fang , Xia Yi
Published: June 2012

The influence of limestone powder, air-entraining agent and water binder ratio on chlorine ion (Cl-) penetration resistance of concretes was investigated by rapid Cl- penetration tests. The results show that the fineness of limestone powder is a key factor to Cl- penetration resistance of concrete. It can improve Cl- penetration resistance by introducing super fine limestone powder into concrete. Cl- penetration resistance of concrete increases as curing time increases. The concrete with lower water binder ratio has better Cl- penetration resistance. The introduction of air-entraining agent into concrete can enhance Cl- penetration resistance by improving micro pores structure. The optimum mixing amount is 0.3‰.
High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete for Sustainable Construction
Authors: Volz Jeffery S.
Published: June 2012

With worldwide production of fly ash approaching 800 million tonnes annually, increasing the amount of fly ash used in concrete will remove more material from the solid waste stream and reduce the amount ending up in landfills. However, most specifications limit the amount of cement replacement with fly ash to less than 25 or 30%. Concrete with fly ash replacement levels of at least 50% – referred to as high-volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete – offers a potential green solution. The following study investigated the structural performance of HVFA concrete compared to conventional portland-cement concrete. Specifically, the research examined both the bond strength of reinforcing steel in HVFA concrete as well as the shear behavior of HVFA reinforced concrete. The results indicate that HVFA concrete performs as well or better than conventional portland-cement concrete.
The Intelligent Control for the Battery Charge in the Solar Lighting System
Authors: Li Xia , Zeng Zhao Xiang
Published: June 2012

This paper gives the description of the scheme of solar energy lighting system. In the stated scheme, constant voltage tracking technology is used to complete the solar battery charging. The intelligent charging technology is used to implement over-current protection, over-voltage protection, and over-temperature protection.
The Antibacterial Property of La3+/ZnO Rare Earth Compound Antibacterial Imitation Porcelain Paint
Authors: Zhao Su , Zhao Ying Yu , Liu Shuang
Published: June 2012

La3+/ZnO composite antibacterial agent is made by the combination of Nano-ZnO and Rare Earth LaCl3 whose antibacterial properties are better than Nano-ZnO and Rare Earth LaCl3 themselves, that is, Nano-ZnO whose photocatalysis can be significantly improved by doping La3+,with the obvious coordination function. In this Paper, antibacterial agent was used to prepare the La3+/ZnO Rare Earth compound antibacterial imitation porcelain paint. At the same time, the influence of the antibacterial agent with different amounts and the major component in imitation porcelain paint to antibacterial property are discussed respectively. It shows that, when the antibacterial agent is mixed in the range of 8-9%,the antibacterial property of coating is very satisfactory, the major component of the imitation porcelain paint not only cause no influence on the antibacterial property of the compound antibacterial coating, but also enhances its water resistance and alkali resistance .
An Innovative Heat Plate Diffusion System of the Smart Junction Box on a Solar PV Panel
Authors: Po Li Wen , Wong King Leung , Chen Wen Lih
Published: June 2012

The main function of junction box on a solar photovoltaic module is to transmit the electricity from solar photovoltaic panel to the load. The invented smart junction box is designed for the following purposes: (1) to optimize efficiency through auto control, (2) to reduce the vicious effect of the cloud and dust on electricity output, and (3) to prevent the battery from overcharging. When actuated, the temperature of inner transistor is raised up to 158 °C because it consumes more solar electric power than a conventional junction box. Thus, a more effective thermal diffusion system is invented to cool down inner transistor to avoid failure. It is found that the presented heat plate diffusion system modified from heat pipe is capable of satisfying all required thermal diffusion conditions of the smart junction box.
Experimental Study on the Compaction Characteristics of Chloride-Based Weak Saline Soil
Authors: Liu Jun Yong , Zhang Liu Jun , Ding Biao
Published: June 2012

In order to solve the technical problems of fine-grained weak saline soil subgrade compaction, combing with Qarham to Golmud highway project, this paper studied the compaction characteristics of the weak saline soil by experiment, determined the optimal vibration-compaction parameters, and compared with the compaction effect that relevant criterions proposed. The results show that vibration-compaction can make the soil fully compacted and compaction effect is better. Suggestion: it is best to adopt the vibration-compaction method to determine standard density and optimum water content.