bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Event Risks Associated With Masked Nocturnal Hypertension Defined by Home Blood Pressure Monitoring in the J-HOP Nocturnal Blood Pressure Study
Authors: Fujiwara Takeshi , Hoshide Satoshi , Kanegae Hiroshi , Kario Kazuomi
Published: June 2020

There is no information regarding the potential association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) event risks and masked nocturnal hypertension defined by home blood pressure (BP) monitoring. We sought to examine this association in a general practice population. For this purpose, we used data from the J-HOP (Japan Morning Surge-Home Blood Pressure) Nocturnal BP Study, which recruited 2745 high-cardiovascular-risk participants (mean [SD] age, 63.6 [10.4] years; 48.7% men; 82.7% on antihypertensive medications). Nocturnal home BPs (HBPs) were measured at 2:00, 3:00, and 4:00
AM
using a validated, automated HBP device for 14 consecutive days. The average (SD) of nocturnal HBP measures was 17.1 (13.5). The percentages of participants with controlled BP (nocturnal HBP <120/70 mm Hg and average morning and evening BP <135/85 mm Hg), daytime hypertension (nocturnal HBP <120/70 mm Hg and average morning and evening BP ≥135/85 mm Hg), masked nocturnal hypertension (nocturnal HBP ≥120/70 mm Hg and average morning and evening BP <135/85 mm Hg), and sustained hypertension (nocturnal HBP ≥120/70 mm Hg and average morning and evening BP ≥135/85 mm Hg) were 31.7%, 7.9%, 26.7%, and 33.7%, respectively. During a median 7.6-year follow-up (19 519 person-years), 162 CVD events occurred. The cumulative incidence of CVD events was higher in those with masked nocturnal hypertension and sustained hypertension than in the controlled BP group. Results from Cox models suggested that masked nocturnal hypertension (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.00–2.46]) and sustained hypertension (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.97 [95% CI, 1.26–3.06]) were associated with increased risk of CVD events. Participants with masked nocturnal hypertension defined by HBP monitoring are at high risk of future CVD events.
Phenotyping Heart Failure According to the Longitudinal Ejection Fraction Change: Myocardial Strain, Predictors, and Outcomes
Authors: Park Jin Joo , Mebazaa Alexandre , Hwang In‐Chang , Park Jun‐Bean , Park Jae‐Hyeong , Cho Goo‐Yeong
Published: June 2020

Background

Many patients with heart failure (
HF
) experience changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (
LVEF
) during follow‐up. We sought to evaluate the predictors and outcomes of different
HF
phenotypes according to longitudinal changes in
EF
.

Methods and Results

A total of 2104 patients with acute HF underwent echocardiography at baseline and follow‐up. Global longitudinal strain was measured at index admission. HF phenotypes were defined as persistent HF with reduced EF (persistent HFrEF, LVEF ≤40% at baseline and follow‐up), heart failure with improved ejection fraction (LVEF≤40% at baseline and improved to >40% at follow‐up), heart failure with declined ejection fraction (LVEF>40% at baseline and declined to ≤40% at follow up), and persistent HF with preserved EF (persistent HFpEF, LVEF>40% at baseline and follow‐up). Overall, 1130 patients had HFrEF at baseline; during follow‐up, 54.2% and 46.8% had persistent HFrEF and heart failure with improved ejection fraction, respectively. Among 975 patients with HFpEF at baseline, 89.5% and 10.5% had persistent HFpEF and heart failure with declined ejection fraction at follow‐up, respectively. The 5‐year all‐cause mortality rates were 43.1%, 33.1%, 24%, and 17% for heart failure with declined ejection fraction, persistent HFrEF, persistent HFpEF, and heart failure with improved ejection fraction, respectively (global log‐rank
P
<0.001). In multivariable analyses, each 1% increase in global longitudinal strain (greater contractility) was associated with 10% increased odds for heart failure with improved ejection fraction among patients with HFrEF at baseline and 7% reduced odds for heart failure with declined ejection fraction among patients with HFpEF at baseline.

Conclusions

LVEF
changed during follow‐up. Each
HF
phenotype according to longitudinal
LVEF
changes has a distinct prognosis. Global longitudinal strain can be used to predict the
HF
phenotype.

REGISTRATION: URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03513653.
Determinants of the Presence and Size of Intracranial Aneurysms in the General Population
Authors: Cras Tim Y. , Bos Daniel , Ikram M. Arfan , Vergouwen Mervyn D.I. , Dippel Diederik W.J. , Voortman Trudy , Adams Hieab H.H. , Vernooij Meike W. , Roozenbeek Bob
Published: June 2020

Background and Purpose:

The prevalence of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) in the adult population is ≈3%. Rupture of an intracranial aneurysm can have devastating consequences, which emphasizes the importance of identification of potentially modifiable determinants for the presence and size of UIAs. Our aim was to study the association of a broad spectrum of potential determinants with the presence and size of UIAs in a general adult population.

Methods:

Between 2005 and 2015, 5841 participants from the population-based Rotterdam Study (mean age, 64.4 years, 45.0% male) underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (1.5T). These scans were evaluated for the presence of incidental UIAs. We determined number and volume of the UIAs. Using logistic and linear regression models, we assessed the association of cardiovascular, lifestyle and emerging inflammatory and hormonal determinants with the presence and volume of UIAs.

Results:

In 134 (2.3%) participants, ≥1 UIAs were detected (149 UIAs in total), with a median volume of 61.1 mm
3
(interquartile range, 33.2–134.0). In multivariable models, female sex (odds ratio, 1.92 [95% CI, 1.33–2.84]), hypertension (odds ratio, 1.73 [95% CI, 1.13–2.68]), and current smoking (odds ratio, 3.75 [95% CI, 2.27–6.33]) were associated with the presence of UIAs. We found no association of alcohol use, physical activity, or diet quality with UIA presence. Finally, we found white blood cell count to relate to larger aneurysm volume (difference in volume of 33.6 mm
3
per 10
9
/L increase in white blood cell [95% CI, 3.92–63.5]).

Conclusions:

In this population-based study, female sex, hypertension, and smoking, but no other lifestyle determinants, were associated with the presence of UIAs. White blood cell count is associated with size of UIAs. Preventive strategies should focus on treating hypertension and promoting cessation of smoking.
Errors within the total laboratory testing process, from test selection to medical decision-making – A review of causes, consequences, surveillance and solutions
Authors: Mrazek Cornelia , Keppel Martin H , Cadamuro Janne , Haschke-Becher Elisabeth , Oberkofler Hannes , Felder Thomas K , Lippi Giuseppe
Published: June 2020

Laboratory analyses are crucial for diagnosis, follow-up and treatment decisions. Since mistakes in every step of the total testing process may potentially affect patient safety, a broad knowledge and systematic assessment of laboratory errors is essential for future improvement. In this review, we aim to discuss the types and frequencies of potential errors in the total testing process, quality management options, as well as tentative solutions for improvement. Unlike most currently available reviews on this topic, we also include errors in test-selection, reporting and interpretation/action of test results. We believe that laboratory specialists will need to refocus on many process steps belonging to the extra-analytical phases, intensifying collaborations with clinicians and supporting test selection and interpretation. This would hopefully lead to substantial improvements in these activities, but may also bring more value to the role of laboratory specialists within the health care setting.
Content and Discourse Analysis of Cruelty towards Stray Dogs as Presented in Chinese Social Media
Authors: Whyke Thomas William , López-Múgica Joaquin
Published: June 2020

After recent reports emerged of a third arson attack on stray dog kennels in China’s Shandong province, those who have shown both hostility towards and support for the dogs and others involved in this event on Chinese social media have appeared. By analyzing posts and user attitudes on China’s Weibo and Baidu Tieba towards such kinds of media reports of stray dog cruelty, this article answers what the differing outlooks are on cruelty to stray dogs in contemporary Mainland China. The purpose of this article is therefore to attempt to increase a deeper understanding of the portrayal and response to certain forms of misconduct to stray dogs in user-generated contents in social media today. Several thematic demonstrations of cruelty are identified, and criticism/activism, compassion, and animosity are included. These themes are not limited, with some reports including aspects of several themes.
“He’s Just a Man!”: Pashtun Salafists and the Representation of the Prophet
Authors: Hartung Jan-Peter
Published: June 2020

Against the widespread understanding that Salafism in Pashtun religious circles owes its establishment to the close interaction with Arab representatives of that current since the resistance to the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan between 1979 and 1990, a theologically quite radical form had indigenously emerged already in the late 1940s. This current, originating in the small town of Panjpīr in Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, stands out by a rigid Salafī epistemology.
Negotiating Salafī Islam and the State: The Madkhaliyya in Indonesia
Authors: Sunarwoto A.
Published: June 2020

The focus of this article is on the Salafiyya-Madkhaliyya in Indonesia, which takes its name from Saudi scholar Rabīʿ al-Madkhalī. After an account of how they emerged and developed in Indonesia, the relationship of the Madkhalīs with the state, which is based on a “fiqh of obedience”, is analyzed. It is argued that, while this legal underpinning necessitates that they give total loyalty to the ruler (walī l-amr, or ūlū l-amr), the Indonesian Madkhalīs are unable to entirely follow this principle. The Madkhalīs have had to come to terms with the fact that Indonesia follows a democratic system, which, in fact, prevents the comprehensive accommodation of their Salafī principles. The resulting ambiguities prove difficult to solve. It is argued here that the negotiation between Madkhalī Salafīs and the Indonesian state is characterized by the constant efforts of the former to tackle those ambiguities.
Salafī Challenge and Māturīdī Response: Contemporary Disputes over the Legitimacy of Māturīdī kalām
Authors: Bruckmayr Philipp
Published: June 2020

Salafī refutations of Sunnī kalām have long been focused almost exclusively on the Ashʿariyya. In recent decades, however, Salafī authors and activists have also turned their attention towards the Māturīdī current, which has been historically predominant in those parts of the Muslim world dominated by the Ḥanafī madhhab. In the present article, the characteristics of the Salafī challenge to the Māturīdiyya are presented and the main factors behind its emergence and dissemination are traced. It is shown that the recent growing awareness of the Māturīdiyya as a theological other among adherents of Salafī Islam owes much to the efforts of the Pakistani scholar Shams al-Dīn al‑Salafī al‑Afghānī, a graduate of the Islamic University of Medina. It is argued that his work, which was influenced both by his specific South Asian background and by his exposure to established forms of Salafī education and daʿwa in Medina, was instrumental in raising the spectre of a “modern Māturīdiyya” as a serious doctrinal challenger and impediment to Salafī expansion in South Asia and elsewhere. Hereby it was specifically the late Ottoman scholar Muḥammad Zāhid al-Kawtharī and his followers, as well as the South Asian Deobandī and Barelvī (i.e., Ahl-i Sunnat) masālik, which were identified as prime representatives of the contemporary Māturīdiyya. Finally, it is shown that the Salafī assault on the Māturīdiyya seems to have resulted in a revival of theological madh­hab‑consciousness, as well as in growing cooperation between Ḥanafī scholars in different parts of the Muslim world.
迭部藏語的“清音濁化” (The voicing of unvoiced obstruents in Thebo Tibetan)
Authors:   桑吉次力
Published: June 2020

本文主要探討古藏語中前置輔音b-後跟清阻塞音的複輔音對應迭部藏語濁輔音的現象。這種對應在藏語諸方言中非常罕見。以此可以認為迭部藏語經歷了一種“清音濁化”。 結合前人對古藏語形態的研究成果，一些雙唇阻塞音的例子可以證明這種音變創新發生在前藏文時代。
搁 GE en dialecte de Shenyang (appartenant au mandarin du Nord-Est)
Authors: TAN Song
Published: June 2020

Cet article se consacre à l’ analyse du morphème polyfonctionnel 搁 GE en dialecte de Shenyang appartenant au mandarin du Nord-Est. 搁 GE peut fonctionner comme un verbe, une préposition, un adverbe et un subordonnant et il possède cinq réalisations possibles : [kɤ44], [kɤ24], [kɤ213], [kɑu44], [kɑu24]. L’ emploi privilégié de 搁 GE est toutefois celui de la préposition polysémique « à ». En fonction du sens des morphèmes qu’ il met en relation, 搁 GE « à » présente, au niveau sémantique, des valeurs spatiales (localisation des objets ou des activités, trajet, provenance), temporelle, instrumentale ou encore la valeur d’ accompagnement et la valeur de conformité.
Pursuing “the Subjective” in “Subjective Rights”
Authors: Jacobsen Mogens Chrom
Published: June 2020

This paper is a contribution to the conceptual history of subjective rights. The subjective right is generally understood as an individual right in contradistinction to the system of legal rules, which are named the ‘objective right.’ These notions have enjoyed immense popularity among Continental legal scholars and historians. This article gives an explanation of how the terms “subjective” and “objective” right came into usage in Germany, and it shows how these terms were elaborated within a metaphysical context. This paper suggests that the origin of this terminology is to be found in the philosophy of Christian Wolff and in particular in that of one of his pupils, Joachim Georg Darjes. The notion of a subjective right thus has its origin in an intellectualistic and perfectionist philosophy, where rights in a primary sense are at the same time conceived as duties.
Quantifying the Impact of Medicalisation on the Distribution of Births over the Course of the Day
Authors: Gietel-Basten Stuart
Published: June 2020

Very few historical studies have been able to demonstrate the times of day when humans give birth in a ‘natural’ setting—i.e. outside of any hospital context or potential intervention. Two villages in the southwestern Russian Empire present rare examples of nineteenth-century baptism registers where time of birth were recorded. The evidence supports the thesis that ‘natural’ human births disproportionately occur between midnight and early morning. Evidence from the registers also show a seasonal effect, likely driven by the relationship between luminosity and melatonin production. The study, then, contributes to the ongoing debate regarding the medicalisation of childbearing, the deterioration of female autonomy in the sphere of childbearing, as well as other negative health outcomes. Historical evidence can demonstrate how far the circumstances of contemporary society differ from the ‘natural’ mode in something as fundamental as the time of the day when we give birth.
Efficient Semi-Supervised Learning and Sparse Structural Learning for Feature Selection of Leukemia Dataset
Authors: Nithya Roopa S. , Nagarajan N.
Published: June 2020

The amount of data produced in health informatics growing large and as a result analysis of this huge amount of data requires a great knowledge which is to be gained. The basic aim of health informatics is to take in real world medical data from all levels of human existence to help
improve our understanding of medicine and medical practices. Huge amount of unlabeled data are obtainable in lots of real-life data-mining tasks, e.g., uncategorized messages in an automatic email categorization system, unknown genes functions for doing gene function calculation, and so on.
Labelled data is frequently restricted and expensive to produce, while labelling classically needs human proficiency. Consequently, semi-supervised learning has become a topic of significant recent interest. This research work proposed a new semi-supervised grouping, where the performance
of unsupervised clustering algorithms is enhanced with restricted numbers of supervision in labels form on constraints or data. The previous system designed a Clustering Guided Hybrid support vector machine based Sparse Structural Learning (CGHSSL) for feature selection. However, it does not
produce a satisfactory accuracy results. In this research, proposed clustering-guided with Convolution Neural Network (CNN) based sparse structural learning clustering algorithm. Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) clustering algorithm is progressed for learning
cluster labels of input samples having more accuracy guiding features election at same time. Concurrently, prediction of cluster labels is as well performed by CNN by means of using hidden structure which is shared by various characteristics. The parameters of CNN are then optimized maximizing
Multi-objective Bee Colony (MBO) algorithm that can unravel feature correlations to render outcomes with additional consistency. Row-wise sparse designs are then balanced to yield design depicted to suit for feature selection. This semi supervised algorithm is utilized to choose important
characteristics from Leukemia1 dataset additional resourcefully. Therefore dataset size is decreased significantly utilizing semi supervised algorithm prominently. As well proposed Semi Supervised Clustering-Guided Sparse Structural Learning (SSCGSSL) technique is utilized to increase the
clustering performance in higher. The experimental results show that the proposed system achieves better performance compared with the existing system in terms of Accuracy, Entropy, Purity, Normalized Mutual Information (NMI) and F-measure.
Characteristic of Five Subpopulation Leukocytes in Single-Cell Levels Based on Partial Principal Component Analysis Coupled with Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Li Wenxue , Wang Liu , Luo Chuan , Zhu Zhiqiang , Ji Jianlong , Pang Lin , Huang Qing
Published: June 2020

Characteristics of five subpopulation leukocytes in single-cell levels based on partial principal component analysis coupled with Raman spectroscopy were proposed to recognize the biochemical features of five subpopulation leukocytes. Using wavelet transform, the reconstructed spectra of the low-frequency wavelet coefficients were used to perform multiple principal component analysis based on segmented spectral data wreathing cover at 720–800 cm–1, 840–994 cm–1, and 1010–1070 cm–1 wavenumbers, respectively. Our approach is promising since it enables to establish a better understanding of the underlying molecular difference between the subtypes of leukocytes in a label-free manner and to estimate the source of infection.
Is Doing Bad Always Punished? A Moderated Longitudinal Analysis on Corporate Social Irresponsibility and Firm Value
Authors: Sun Wenbin , Ding Zhihua
Published: June 2020

Theoretical evidence suggests that corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) should produce long-lasting negative influences on firm performance. Yet, little empirical evidence exists in the literature to support this time-embedded research frame. This research was conducted by collecting a large set of firm data and by employing a series of vector autoregressive models to map out the longitudinal dynamic relationships between CSI and firm value under high versus low levels of two external factors, environmental dynamism and competition intensity, and one internal factor, firm capability. The results show that CSI’s negative influences endure in scenarios such as high dynamism, high competition intensity, and low capability, but it has only a short-term impact on low-dynamism markets and does not produce significant effects on firm value under low-competition or high-capability conditions. These findings yield useful implications for CSI, resource-based theory, and environment theories as well as for managerial effectiveness of coping with social negativities.
Barriers to ‘equal pay for work of equal value’ for women in Japan: Assessing the potential for change
Authors: Beniyama Ayaka
Published: June 2020

This article examines barriers to the principle of equal remuneration for work of equal value in Japan, reviewing impediments to the implementation of the International Labour Organisation’s Equal Remuneration Convention, and assessing whether the 2018 Work Style Reform Act–which seeks to reduce pay disparities between regular and non-regular workers through a Japanese version of ‘equal pay for equal work’–provides an alternative avenue through which stronger notions of work value and equality might become integrated into Japanese wage-setting norms and practices. This has implications for the gender pay gap, which could be addressed more effectively within a regulatory framework recognising equal pay for equal (value) work as a legal norm, as well as narrowed indirectly through improving remuneration for non-regular workers (the majority of whom are women). The analysis highlights the limits of the new legislative measures, arguing that in spite of some potential for improving pay for non-regular workers, they lack important features conducive to the pursuit of gender pay equality, in particular non-biased concepts of value, effective job evaluation models and a more inclusive gender/human rights perspective.
A criterion for identifying a mixed-mode I/II hydraulic fracture crossing a natural fracture in the subsurface
Authors: Zeng Yijin , Cheng Wan , Zhang Xu , Xiao Bo
Published: June 2020

Hydraulic fracturing has been proven to be an effective technique for stimulating petroleum reservoirs. During the hydraulic fracturing process, the effects of the natural fracture, perforation orientation, stress reorientation, etc. lead to the production of a non-planar, mixed-mode I/II hydraulic fracture. In this paper, a criterion for a mixed-mode I/II hydraulic fracture crossing a natural fracture was first proposed based on the stress field around the hydraulic and natural fractures. When the compound degree (KII/KI) approaches zero, this criterion can be simplified to identify a pure mode I hydraulic fracture crossing a natural fracture. A series of true triaxial fracturing tests were conducted to investigate the influences of natural fracture occurrence and in situ stress on hydraulic fracture propagation. These experimental results agree with the predictions of the proposed criterion.
Use of Indirect Laryngeal Biopsy Forceps to Treat Epiglottic Abscess
Authors: Wu Xiufa , Zhang Jing , Fang Rui , Wei Chunsheng
Published: June 2020

Objectives:

To evaluate the efficacy of indirect laryngeal biopsy forceps in the treatment of epiglottic abscess (EA).

Methods:

Twenty patients were diagnosed with EA in our department and were randomly divided into group A (indirect laryngeal biopsy forceps combined antibiotics) and group B (antibiotics only). Demographics, the degree of epiglottic and arytenoid swelling, and inflammatory cells were collected for analysis. The drainage of EA was performed under local anesthesia in conscious patients with indirect laryngeal biopsy forceps and 70° direct laryngoscopes. The length of symptomatic relief and length of hospitalization were assessed.

Results:

Ten patients were treated with indirect laryngeal biopsy forceps under the view of the 70° direct laryngoscopes combined with intravenous antibiotics, whereas the other 10 patients were treated with antibiotics only. The differences between the 2 groups had no statistical significance in age, gender, white blood cell count, neutrophils count, and the percent of neutrophils, abscess size, and scope classification at the time of diagnosis. The length of hospitalization and length of symptomatic relief was significantly lower in patients treated with indirect laryngeal biopsy forceps combined antibiotics than those treated with antibiotics only.

Conclusions:

Indirect laryngeal biopsy forceps are safe and effective method to treat EA, which shorten the hospitalization and has the advantages of cost savings and convenience.
Patients’ and caregivers’ experiences of driving with chronic breathlessness before and after regular low-dose sustained-release morphine: A qualitative study
Authors: Ferreira Diana H , Boland Jason W , Kochovska Slavica , Honson Aaron , Phillips Jane L , Currow David C
Published: June 2020

Background:

Chronic breathlessness is a disabling syndrome that profoundly impacts patients’ and caregivers’ lives. Driving is important for most people, including those with advanced disease. Regular, low-dose, sustained-release morphine safely reduces breathlessness, but little is known about its impact on driving.

Aim:

To understand patients’ and caregivers’ (1) perspectives and experiences of driving with chronic breathlessness; and (2) perceived impact of regular, low-dose, sustained-release morphine on driving.

Design:

A qualitative study embedded in a pragmatic, phase III, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of low-dose, sustained-release morphine (⩽32 mg/24 h) for chronic breathlessness. Semi-structured interviews were conducted immediately after participants withdrew or completed the randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Informed by grounded theory, a constant comparative approach to analysis was adopted.

Setting/participants:

Participants were recruited from an outpatients palliative care service in Adelaide, Australia. Participants included patients ( n = 13) with severe breathlessness associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their caregivers ( n = 9).

Results:

Participants were interviewed at home. Eleven received morphine 8–32 mg. Three themes emerged: (1) independence; (2) breathlessness’ impact on driving; and (3) driving while taking regular, low-dose, sustained-release morphine.

Conclusion:

Driving contributed to a sense of identity and independence. Being able to drive increased the physical and social space available to patients and caregivers, their social engagement and well-being. Patients reported breathlessness at rest may impair driving skills, while the introduction of sustained-release morphine seemed to have no self-reported impact on driving. Investigating this last perception objectively, especially in terms of safety, is the subject of ongoing work.
Facebook LGBTQ Pictivism: The Effects of Women’s Rainbow Profile Filters on Sexual Prejudice and Online Belonging
Authors: Matsick Jes L. , Kim Lizbeth M. , Kruk Mary
Published: June 2020

Facebook’s rainbow profile filter represents a popular display of activism (“pictivism”) commonly used by women, yet little is known of pictivism’s potential for creating social change. We tested whether women’s group status (belonging to a dominant vs. marginalized group) and filter use influenced viewers’ perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors. We conducted a series of 2 (target sexual orientation: queer or heterosexual) × 2 (filter use: filter or no filter) experiments with heterosexual ( N 1 = 198, N 2 = 186) and LGBTQ ( N 3 = 290) participants. Participants rated women who used rainbow filters as more activist than women who did not engage in pictivism. Although neither target sexual orientation nor filter use influenced participants’ ally behavior (donations), heterosexual people who viewed a woman using a filter reported greater closeness to LGBTQ people and greater intentions of supporting LGBTQ people when the woman was queer than heterosexual. Exposure to rainbow filters caused LGBTQ participants to express greater online and societal belonging than when filters were absent. Taken together, women’s pictivism and the online visibility of queer women yielded some psychological benefits for heterosexual and LGBTQ viewers. If the goal of pictivism is to enhance marginalized groups’ feelings of support, it works as intended. We thus recommend that both heterosexual and LGBTQ people who care about LGBTQ rights and seek to affirm LGBTQ individuals’ sense of belonging embrace opportunities on social media, specifically through profile picture filters, to communicate their support. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0361684320930566
Evaluative Attitudes May Explain the Link Between Injunctive Norms and Sexual Aggression
Authors: Pedneault Chloe I. , Nunes Kevin L. , Hermann Chantal A. , White Kristen
Published: June 2020

The current study examined the extent to which evaluative attitudes toward sexual aggression (i.e., positive or negative evaluative judgments about sexually aggressive behavior) mediate the association between injunctive norms (i.e., extent to which peers approve or disapprove of sexually aggressive behavior) and self-reported sexual aggression against women. Participants were 200 male undergraduate students. Approximately one in four males reported engaging in at least one sexually aggressive act since the age of 16. Participants with a history of sexual aggression also reported the highest likelihood of engaging in sexually aggressive behavior in the future. We tested two separate mediation models to examine the extent to which evaluative attitudes account for the link between injunctive norms and sexual aggression: one model with self-reported history of sexual aggression as the outcome and the other with likelihood of engaging in sexually aggressive behavior as the outcome. Results showed that more positive evaluative attitudes toward sexual aggression accounted for the association between injunctive norms and self-reported history of sexual aggression. Similarly, evaluative attitudes accounted for the link between injunctive norms and self-reported likelihood of engaging in sexually aggressive behavior in the future. Overall, these findings are consistent with theoretical and empirical explanations of sexual offending and general criminal behavior; however, this is the first study to explore the relationship between injunctive norms and evaluative attitudes in the context of explaining sexually aggressive behavior. If more rigorous research establishes a causal relationship between injunctive norms, evaluative attitudes, and sexually aggressive behavior, this would suggest that targeting these factors in prevention programs may reduce sexual aggression by male undergraduate students.
Do Research Methods Matter in Enterprise Zone Outcome Evaluations?
Authors: Zhang Sumei
Published: June 2020

Zhang (2015) and Lambert and Coomes (2001) have studied the Louisville Enterprise Zone (EZ) program and drawn different conclusions. This Forum/Letter to the Editor unpacks the differences in both studies by first exploring the structure and implementation of a state EZ program and various factors affecting EZ outcome measures. Methodologically, it is crucial to control for these factors to avoid biases in assessing the effectiveness of a program. Further exploration of conventional methods in the existing literature suggests that econometric analyses can offer remedies to control for these factors.
Characterization of nontypeable Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates
Authors: To Ho , Teshima Kaho , Kon Michiha , Yasuda Saori , Akaike Yuta , Shibuya Kazumoto , Nagai Shinya , Sasakawa Chihiro
Published: June 2020

Two Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates from clinical cases of porcine pleuropneumonia in Japan were positive in the capsular serovar 15–specific PCR assay, but nontypeable (NT) in the agar gel precipitation (AGP) test. Nucleotide sequence analysis of gene clusters involved in the biosynthesis of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and lipopolysaccharide O-polysaccharide (O-PS) revealed that both clusters contained transposable element IS Apl1 of A. pleuropneumoniae belonging to the IS30 family. Immunoblot analysis revealed that these 2 isolates could not produce O-PS. We conclude that the IS Apl1 of A. pleuropneumoniae can interfere in the biosynthesis of both CPS and O-PS.
Emotional Framing of News on Sexual Assault and Partisan User Engagement Behaviors
Authors: Lee Yu-Hao , Chen Mo
Published: June 2020

Based on the emotion-as-frames model and theories of political psychology, this study examines how the emotional frames (anger, anxiety, sexual) of news on sexual assault are associated with different news engagement behaviors in social media news pages with more conservative or liberal users. Results revealed that the approach or avoidance action tendencies of the emotional frames were associated with corresponding engagement behaviors. Anxiety was associated with less engagement, while sexual frames were associated with more engagement. The associations were stronger among news organizations with more conservative users and not significant among news organizations with more liberal users.
Talkin’ ’bout a revolution? From quiescence to resistance in the contemporary university
Authors: Bowes-Catton Helen , Brewis Jo , Clarke Caroline , Drake Deborah H , Gilmour Alison , Penn Alison
Published: June 2020

In discussing the events leading up to the resignation of the former Open University Vice Chancellor in April 2018, we focus on the enactment of a form of resistance against proposals for the university through a WhatsApp group, enabling rapid information exchange, discussion of tactics and concrete planning for action. We suggest our group – ‘the Hive’ – was unusual because, first, it countered the politically quiescent trend in academia to comply (at least outwardly) with neoliberalisation, and/or only to write about it, as opposed to mounting challenges. Second, the Hive was virtual, comprising various staff categories, including people based off-campus; it operated almost entirely online and many members had never met face-to-face. This for us evokes notions of the multitude. Third, the group exemplifies alternative forms of solidarity and resistance in other ways, being non-hierarchical, highly pluralist and non-exclusionary. Finally, our Hive provided a supportive, caring space for resisters, which we suggest emerged partly through members’ love for the distinctive social mission of The Open University – although our story also provides hope for harnessing similar emotions within other academic institutions.
Modeling of piston ring wear
Authors: Rodríguez Ana López , Vølund Anders , Klit Peder
Published: June 2020

A theoretical study of piston ring wear in large two-stroke engines is presented. Piston rings in combustion engines are manufactured with an initially defined shape of the surface contacting the cylinder liner. Further the ring surface working against the cylinder liner is coated with layers of ceramic materials to accommodate the running-in process. Most rings have a nonflat shape (parabolic) when delivered from the ring supplier. After running in which is typically many hours of operation( >1000 h) the ceramic layers are worn and the ring geometry is typically changed significantly by surface wear. It is shown in the present study that the geometry of the worn ring depends on the operation scheme of the engine. Both the load pattern and the order in which the loads are applied influences the final shape of the piston ring surface.
Vibration of a U-shaped steel–concrete composite hollow waffle floor under human-induced excitations
Authors: Zhang Xi , Li Qing , Wang Yousan , Wang Qiming
Published: June 2020

The U-shaped steel–concrete composite hollow waffle floor is an innovative slender large-span floor system, where severe vibration may occur under human-induced excitations. In this research, a theoretical analysis and experimental testing are performed to explore the vibration behaviour of the composite hollow waffle floor. First, the natural frequency formula is proposed based on orthotropic thin plate theory, and the main rigidity calculation for the composite hollow waffle floor is given. Second, the mode shape, frequency and damping ratio of the composite hollow waffle floor are captured by on-site tests and validated by analytical and numerical methods, indicating that the floor has a low-frequency with a low damping ratio. Third, the vibration response of the composite hollow waffle floor is obtained by walking and running tests considering the influence of the frequency, spatial position, group size and route; in addition, the relationships between the values involved in the vibration evaluation are discussed. Finally, the composite hollow waffle floor presents satisfactory vibration performance evaluated by the threshold values among the current codes.
Sketching landscapes in discourse analysis (1978–2018): A bibliometric study
Authors: Huan Changpeng , Guan Xinchao
Published: June 2020

John Swales’ 1986 article ‘Citation analysis and discourse analysis’ was the first to apply citation analysis to describe in-text citations in the field of discourse analysis. Howard White’s 2004 article ‘Citation analysis and discourse analysis revisited’ was written by an information scientist and primarily focused on citation analysis and discourse analysis. Here, we cast a wider net by conducting a bibliometric analysis of discourse analysis to sketch its scientific landscape between 1978 and 2018. Our findings show that discourse analysis has emerged as a major, and increasingly distinctively sociological, contribution to the analysis of language in social life. It is evident that discourse analysts are increasingly interested in such topics as corpus linguistics, digital conversation analysis, discursive news values approach, membership categorization analysis, multimodal analysis and social media. It is a general trend that the United States is no longer the only dominating publication powerhouse in the field. Countries such as the United Kingdom, Australia and China are wielding a growing share of research output.
Pedagogical documentation and systematic quality work in early childhood: Comparing practices in Western Australia and Sweden
Authors: Lee-Hammond Libby , Bjervås Lise-Lotte
Published: June 2020

Pedagogical documentation has been understood as an important way for early childhood educators to provide high-quality learning environments for children. The authors explore the contested nature of quality and its interpretation in two cultural contexts: in Western Australia, where pedagogical documentation is a relatively uncommon practice, and in Sweden, where pedagogical documentation is a relatively common practice. These locations were selected to provide a comparison between educators from these two different cultural and policy contexts. The main purpose of pedagogical documentation within the Swedish preschool system is to gain knowledge of how to systematically improve the quality of the preschool. This contrasts with the demands on Australian early childhood educators to ensure children meet achievement standards in the Foundation Year. Six preschool educators in each country responded to interview questions regarding what enables or hinders their systematic quality work. The participants in both countries were using some form of pedagogical documentation in their professional practice. This article draws on interview data and elaborates on the ways these educators understood the role of pedagogical documentation in what they regarded as systematic quality work. The findings provide insight into the impact of both policy and cultural contexts on individual educators' practices when using pedagogical documentation as a means to promote quality. The results indicate that differences in early childhood education policies between countries may lead to important differences in how pedagogical documentation is used by educators in their practice.
Developing and Implementing Farm Stress Training to Address Agricultural Producer Mental Health
Authors: Cuthbertson Courtney , Brennan Alison , Shutske John , Zierl Lori , Bjornestad Andrea , Macy Katelyn , Schallhorn Pam , Shelle Gwyn , Dellifield Jami , Leatherman John , Lin Esther , Skidmore Mark
Published: June 2020

Farmers and ranchers (agricultural producers) have higher psychological distress and suicide rates than the general population. Poorer mental health status and outcomes among producers are often attributed to the continuously challenging economic, social, and climate-related changes to agriculture as an occupation and industry. This article describes the development of a training program for agribusiness professionals from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Farm Service Agency (N = 500) who work with producers, as they regularly interact with producers and thus are in a position to readily offer helpful mental health resources. The goal of the program was for agribusiness professionals to build skills and confidence to identify and respond to distressed producers. The educational program was offered primarily online and included a 1-day in-person training to practice skills to communicate with distressed producers and refer them to appropriate mental health resources. Evaluation of the program demonstrated participants experienced gains in knowledge and skills related to identifying and helping distressed producers.
Denatured Collagen Could Increase the Autophagy Level and Inhibit Apoptosis of Fibroblasts to Help Cell Survival and Influence Wound Healing
Authors: Su Yidan , Li Min , Wang Xiqiao , Wang Zhiyong , Yi Lei
Published: June 2020

When exposed to thermal factors, collagen in the dermis denatures, which could affect the biological behavior of cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that denatured collagen could influence the activity of fibroblasts and induce fibroblasts differentiate into myofibroblasts. However, information on the regulation of fibroblasts by denatured collagen-modulated autophagy and apoptosis during the wound healing process is limited. In this article, we researched the effect of denatured collagen-modulated autophagy and apoptosis on fibroblasts. An in vitro model comprising fibroblasts and denatured collagen was established to identify the potential ability of denatured collagen to modulate autophagy and apoptosis. Western blotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, transmission electron microscopy, TUNEL assay, and immunofluorescence staining were used to examine the changes induced by denatured collage. Protein and mRNA levels of LC3 and beclin-1 were significantly increased after stimulated by denatured collagen, while those of caspase-3 were reduced. Unlike stimulation with normal collagen, denatured collagen enhanced autophagy and inhibited apoptosis of fibroblasts. After blocking autophagy using 3-methyladenine, the apoptotic function was increased. Denatured collagen could increase autophagy and inhibit apoptosis of the fibroblasts to promote cell survival and influence wound healing.
How does openness about sexual and gender identities influence self-perceptions of teacher leader authenticity?
Authors: Lee Catherine
Published: June 2020

This article utilizes the model of authentic leadership by Bill George and his colleagues to explore the extent to which openness about personal sexual and gender identities influence teacher leaders’ self-perceptions of authenticity in the workplace. Forty-three teachers in senior leadership roles were asked to complete George’s authentic leadership self-assessment tool. They were then invited to provide written comments reflecting on their performance in five key areas identified by George and colleagues: Purpose – Passion; Values – Behaviour; Heart – Compassion; Relationships – Connectedness; and Self-discipline – Consistency. The responses of 23 teacher leaders self-identifying as either lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender were compared with those of 20 teacher leaders self-identifying as heterosexual and cis gendered. Results show that lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender teacher leaders rated themselves more negatively than their heterosexual/cis counterparts in all areas except Values – Behaviour, where they often reported that they overperformed as a defence against discrimination. Lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender teacher leaders rated themselves lowest in the key area of Relationships – Connectedness, with their reflections revealing tensions around being authentic in their relationships with colleagues, while keeping their sexual identity private.
Altered Expression of Aggrecan, FAM20B, B3GALT6, and EXTL2 in Patients with Osteoarthritis and Kashin-Beck Disease
Authors: Lei Jian , Deng Huan , Ran Yan , Lv Yizhen , Amhare Abebe Feyissa , Wang Liyun , Guo Xiong , Han Jing , Lammi Mikko J.
Published: June 2020

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of enzymes involved in synthesis and modification of chondroitin sulfate (CS) in knee cartilage tissue of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and Kashin-Beck disease (KBD).

Methods

The knee articular cartilage samples were obtained from 18 age- and gender-matched donors with 6 each in KBD, OA, and control groups. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, toluidine blue (TB) staining, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were performed to estimate the expression level and localization of aggrecan, along with FAM20B, GalT-II, and EXTL2, which are associated with CS synthesis and modification. Rank-based analyses of variance test was used for the multiple comparisons of discrepancy in the positive staining rate among the 3 groups.

Results

In HE and TB staining results, damaged morphology, decreased chondrocyte numbers and proteoglycans were observed in OA and KBD groups compared with the control group. In line with these trends, the positive staining rates of aggrecan were lower in KBD and OA groups than in the control group. Meanwhile, the positive staining rates of CS chain modifying enzymes FAM20B, GalT-II, and EXTL2 decreased in OA and KBD groups.

Conclusions

In conclusion, it was demonstrated that altered expression of CS chain modifying enzymes in OA and KBD groups influenced the synthesis procession of CS and could contribute to the damage of cartilage. Further investigation of these enzymes can provide new theoretical and experimental targets for OA and KBD pathogenesis studies.
Disgust and Moral Judgment: Distinguishing Between Elicitors and Feelings Matters
Authors: Białek Michał , Muda Rafał , Fugelsang Jonathan , Friedman Ori
Published: June 2020

We investigated the scope of the effect of disgust on moral judgments. In two field experiments (Experiment 1, N = 142, Experiment 2, N = 248), we manipulated whether participants were exposed to a disgusting odor. Participants then rated the permissibility of actions in two kinds of moral problems: dilemmas and transgressions. In both experiments, disgust did not affect moral judgments when we compared across exposure levels. However, self-reported disgust did predict moral judgments in the following cases: In Experiment 1, it was linked with decreased acceptability for dilemmas and transgressions alike; in Experiment 2, it was linked with decreased acceptability for dilemmas only. Findings also differed across the experiments when we regressed feelings of disgust onto participants’ utilitarian and deontological inclinations. Overall, the findings suggest that subjective feelings of disgust may provide a more sensitive measure of the effect of disgust on moral judgment than basing analysis on the presence of disgust elicitors.