bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic Trapping and Recombination Dynamics in Low‐Dimensional Bismuth Sulfide Nanocrystals
Authors: Cao Rui , Xiao Peng , Lian Weitao , Zhang Lijian , Wang Yan , Zhu Changfei , Chen Tao
Published: May 2022

Bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) possesses bandgap of 1.30–1.45 eV, perfectly suitable for light‐harvesting materials in solar cells. Carrier dynamics in the Bi2S3 absorber material are determinant for energy conversion performance of solar cells, yet the carrier dynamics and associated recombination mechanism are rarely studied. Taking advantage of spectroscopic study on Bi2S3 nanocrystals, here new findings are uncovered inherent from the unique crystal structure that causes the energy loss in Bi2S3 materials. One is the trap state emission at near‐infrared region, the other is the ultrafast intrinsic trapping in picosecond scale without saturation at 1019 cm−3 carrier density and various decay rates by adjusting excitation fluence. These observations indicate that photoinduced carriers are likely to be intrinsically trapped due to lattice distortion and display different recombination pathways. This study provides fundamental understanding on the detailed carriers dynamics of Bi2S3 nanocrystals and new insights into the optimization of Bi2S3‐based photovoltaic devices.
Atmospheric Plasma‐Assisted Deposition and Patterning of Natural Polymers
Authors: Arkhangelskiy Artem , Quaranta Alberto , Motta Antonella , Yang Yuejiao , Yadavalli Vamsi K. , Maniglio Devid
Published: May 2022

Plasma‐assisted deposition is a facile, yet sophisticated method to form biocompatible coatings on materials and introduce specific surface interactions. The plasma process provides unique features such as surface activation, functionalization, and assisted polymerization, all of which can be obtained under low power and room temperature conditions. Plasma‐assisted deposition can further provide coatings with enhanced adhesion and stability. Here, it is reported for the first time, a method for the controlled plasma deposition of the versatile biomaterial chitosan on a range of substrates – soda‐lime glass, metal alloy (Ti4Al6V), thermoplastic polymer (polyethylene terephthalate), and silicone rubber (poly(dimethylsiloxane)). The deposited chitosan films are characterized by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and evaluated for adhesion and stability. The proposed method is also successfully optimized for the deposition of multiple layers of different biomaterials. Specifically, coatings comprising alternate chitosan and silk fibroin layers are realized, together with patterned surfaces with programmable surface composition. The biological response of the chitosan‐on‐fibroin and fibroin‐on‐chitosan surfaces with and without patterning are investigated using cell culture experiments. Selective area deposition enables the development of improved surface finishes for biomedical devices.
Supramolecular Gel‐Derived Highly Efficient Bifunctional Catalysts for Omnidirectionally Stretchable Zn–Air Batteries with Extreme Environmental Adaptability
Authors: Liu Junpeng , Wang Mengke , Gu Chaonan , Li Jingjing , Liang Yujia , Wang Hai , Cui Yihan , Liu Chun‐Sen
Published: May 2022

Most existing stretchable batteries can generally only be stretched uniaxially and suffer from poor mechanical and electrochemical robustness to withstand extreme mechanical and environmental challenges. A highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst is herein developed via the unique self‐templated conversion of a guanosine‐based supramolecular hydrogel and presents a fully integrated design strategy to successfully fabricate an omnidirectionally stretchable and extremely environment‐adaptable Zn–air battery (ZAB) through the synergistic engineering of active materials and device architecture. The electrocatalyst demonstrates a very low reversible overpotential of only 0.68 V for oxygen reduction/evolution reactions (ORR/OER). This ZAB exhibits superior omnidirectional stretchability with a full‐cell areal strain of >1000% and excellent durability, withstanding more than 10 000 stretching cycles. Promisingly, without any additional pre‐treatment, the ZAB exhibits outstanding ultra‐low temperature tolerance (down to −60 °C) and superior waterproofness, withstanding continuous water rinsing (>5 h) and immersion (>3 h). The present work offers a promising strategy for the design of omnidirectionally stretchable and high‐performance energy storage devices for future on‐skin wearable applications.
A Rolling‐Mode Al/CsPbBr3 Schottky Junction Direct‐Current Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Harvesting Mechanical and Solar Energy
Authors: Yuan Hua , Xiao Zhixing , Wan Jiaxin , Xiang Yang , Dai Guozhang , Li Hongjian , Yang Junliang
Published: May 2022

Direct‐current triboelectric nanogenerators (DC‐TENGs) can directly convert mechanical energy into direct current (DC) electrical energy, exhibiting wide applications in micro/nano power sources, etc. Herein, a rolling‐mode DC‐TENG based on the tribo‐photovoltaic effect is proposed, which verifies that the tribovoltaic effect can be achieved in DC‐TENGs with a rolling structure instead of a conventional sliding structure. Utilizing the all‐inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3, a multifunctional DC‐TENG with excellent performance, that is capable of collecting both mechanical and solar energy is produced by constructing a dynamic Al/CsPbBr3 Schottky junction. Under illumination by light, the output voltage and current density reach 3.69 V and 11.46 A m−2, respectively. Furthermore, the output current of the dynamic Al/CsPbBr3 junction under illumination is 4.7 times higher than that in dark conditions. Meanwhile, the device exhibits excellent stability and the output performance does not significantly degrade after more than 10 min of cycling. In addition, the DC‐TENG shows potential applications in temperature and humidity sensing and directly charging capacitors. This work not only realizes a multifunctional DC‐TENG for simultaneously harvesting mechanical and solar energy, but also provides a novel route to enhance the work stability through a rolling‐mode device structure, which is of great significance for accelerating the development and applications of high‐performance DC‐TENGs.
Magnetic Fe3O4@Ag nanoparticles catalyzed C–C cross‐coupling reaction of aromatic alcohols
Authors: Tang Lin , Qin Feng , Huang Fei , Xu Dongping , Hu Qiyan , Zhang Wu
Published: May 2022

The construction of complex molecules from readily available alcohols via C–C bond formation reactions is of great interest in organic synthesis. Silver‐coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@Ag) were prepared and used as magnetic catalyst for the chemoselective C–C cross‐coupling of benzyl alcohol and 1‐phenylethanol to form 1,3‐diphenylpropan‐1‐one or 1,3‐diphenylpropan‐1‐ol. This magnetically separable catalyst was also found to exhibit high catalytic activity in one‐pot, three‐component reaction of benzyl alcohol, 1‐phenylethanol and 3‐aminopyrazole for the synthesis of pharmaceutical skeleton pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine. The catalytic system can be successfully reused 10 times with a small decrease of its catalytic performance. The catalyst shows extraordinary catalytic activity, high stability, good reusability, and wide applicability to diverse substrates.
Enhancing antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antialzheimer performance ofHippeastrum hybridum(L.) using silver nanoparticles
Authors: Sher Naila , Ahmed Mushtaq , Mushtaq Nadia , Khan Rahmat Ali
Published: May 2022

Nanotechnology is one of the modern techniques of material science which have received much importance in the last many years. Nanotechnology is concerned with the production of nanoparticles (NPs) with restricted sizes and shapes through a facile, straightforward, and medicinally active phytochemical route. This study aims to develop an easy and justifiable method for the green synthesis of HH AgNPs usingHippeastrum hybridum(HH) extract and then to investigate the effects of HH AgNPs as a free radical scavenger, and an inhibitor of the two enzymes i‐e Alpha‐amylase (α‐amylase) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). UV‐Vis spectrum at 432 nm with maximum absorbance at 1.98 confirmed the AgNPs formation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) conformed to the peaks for the functional groups of HH extract and on the surface of HH AgNPs that are involved in the synthesis and stability of the HH AgNPs. The average size of 13.3 nm for AgNPs was calculated using four major peaks at 37.92°, 43.79°, 64.27°, and 77.18° of X‐Rays Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis confirmed the presence of spherical shaped, monodispersed, and huge density AgNPs with an average 40 nm size of AgNPs. Energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) confirmed the intense sharp peak at 3.1 keV showing that silver was the main element (22.75%). The HH AgNPs showed an excellent %scavenging of Ferric chloride (75.5 ± 0.014%), Ammonium molybdenum (72.1 ± 0.0021%), DPPH (69.6 ± 0.059%), H2O2(65 ± 0.001%), and ABTS (68.3 ± 0.07%). Statistical analysis indicated HH AgNPs caused a non‐competitive type of inhibition (Kmconstant andVmaxdecrease) against α‐amylase and AChE. Our results suggest that AgNPs exhibited significant antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antialzheimer activities in a concentration‐dependent manner as compared to AgNO3and plant extract. However, further investigations are recommended to be able to minimize potential risks of application.
Resonant Ultrasonic Defoaming in Aqueous Evaporation/Boiling Processes at Different Size Scales
Authors: Thünnesen Julian , Gerstenberg Christoph , Heller Daniel , Leuner Hannes , Einfalt Daniel , McHardy Christopher , Gatternig Bernhard , Rauh Cornelia , Repke Jens-Uwe , Delgado Antonio
Published: May 2022

Unwanted foam bears the risk of affecting different thermal industrial processes negatively, by reduced process efficiency, contamination, and total shutdown. Mechanical defoaming methods are difficult to implement, while chemical anti‐foaming agents are challenging in correct dosing. Ultrasonic defoaming actuators destroy foams purely mechanically from air‐borne, but their energy consumption per area is still excessive at 10 W cm−2. Results show that a frequency sweep between 40–168 kHz and a water‐borne sonication needs power densities of around 0.1 W cm−2 for a lab‐scale experiment to a copper column still. At this power level, ultrasound enforces the foam drainage, thus reducing the foam height and the process time of the column still by 20 %. The chosen frequency range indicates a resonant behavior of small liquid‐loaded lamella and plateau channels.
A new Stein estimator for the zero‐inflated negative binomial regression model
Authors: Akram Muhammad Nauman , Abonazel Mohamed R. , Amin Muhammad , Kibria B. M. Golam , Afzal Nimra
Published: May 2022

The Zero‐inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression models are mainly applied for count data that shows over‐dispersion and extra zeros. Multicollinearity is considered to be a significant problem in the estimation of parameters in the ZINB regression model. Thus, in order to alleviate the serious effects of multicollinearity, a new estimator is proposed which is called ZINB Stein estimator (ZINBSE). We also proposed various biasing parameters for the ZINBSE. A theoretical comparison is also conducted with some existing estimators in the literature. A Monte Carlo simulation study has been considered in order to judge the superiority of the proposed and other estimators, where the estimated mean squared error and mean absolute error are the evaluation criterion. An empirical application is also considered for illustration purposes. Based on the simulation and application results, it is observed that the new ZINBSE with proposed biasing parameters are superior over the other competitors' estimators.
Sodium Pre‐Intercalated Carbon/V2O5 Constructed by Sustainable Sodium Lignosulfonate for Stable Cathodes in Zinc‐Ion Batteries: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Chen Junli , Zhang Wenli , Zhang Xiaojun , Li Ziyan , Ma Jianhui , Zhao Lei , Jian Wenbin , Chen Suli , Yin Jian , Lin Xuliang , Qin Yanlin , Qiu Xueqing
Published: May 2022

The aqueous zinc‐ion battery (AZIB) has been widely investigated in recent years because it has the advantages of being green, safe, and made from abundant raw materials. It is necessary to continue to study how to prepare cathode materials with excellent performance and high cycling stability for future commercialization. In this work, a strategy was proposed that uses sustainable sodium lignosulfonate as both carbon and sodium sources to obtain a sodium pre‐intercalated vanadium oxide/carbon (VO/LSC) composite as the cathode of AZIB. The carbon matrix could improve the electronic conductivity of vanadium oxide, while the sodium lignosulfonate could provide sodium ions pre‐intercalated into the layered vanadium oxide simultaneously. Through this strategy, vanadium‐based cathode materials with high stability and excellent rate capability were obtained. The VO/LSC cathode delivered high capacities of 350 and 112.8 mAh g−1 at 0.1 and 4.0 A g−1, respectively. Zinc sulfate and zinc trifluoromethyl sulfonate were selected as electrolytes, and the influence of electrolytes on the performance of VO/LSC was analyzed. The oxygen in the environment was used to oxidize the low‐priced vanadium oxide to achieve a self‐charging AZIB. This paper provides a valuable strategy for the design of vanadium‐based cathode material for AZIB, which can broaden the research and application of AZIB.
Development of a triplex droplet digital polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of three New Zealand native freshwater mussels (Echyridella) in environmental samples
Authors: Steiner Konstanze , Dyer Niamh , Lee Charles K. , Vandergoes Marcus J. , Wood Susanna A.
Published: May 2022

The freshwater musselEchyridella(also known as kākahi) is the only freshwater mussel found in New Zealand's lakes and rivers and is endemic to the country. They play a crucial role in freshwater ecosystems and have high cultural significance. The three putative species ofEchyridellaare all classified as at risk. Monitoring is required to enhance knowledge on their distribution and to provide management, but conventional approaches (diving, wading, or swimming and visually looking for mussels) are time‐consuming, costly, and require good visibility. The use of environmental DNA (eDNA) in combination with PCR techniques offer advantages over conventional methods. In this study, we developed a triplex droplet digital PCR assay, targeting a region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene, that differentiates all three kākahi species. The limits of quantification using gblocks were 0.6 × 10−03–6 × 10−03 fg/µl, yielding 2–8 copies/reaction, and for tissue DNA 10,000–100,000 fg/µl, yielding 9–15 copies/reaction. The method was applied to water samples from 48 lakes, lagoons, or ponds and two samples from streams. A total of 58% of samples from lakes, lagoons, or ponds and all samples from the streams were positive for kākahi. Sediment samples (n = 15) were also tested. Only those collected in close proximity (<1 m) to living kākahi were positive highlighting the patchy distribution of eDNA in sediment. This new assay will assist in determining the current distribution of kākahi at large temporal and spatial scales and has the potential to be used for the assessment of historic distributions as well.
Days alive and out of hospital after left ventricular assist device implantation
Authors: Roth Sebastian , M'Pembele René , Stroda Alexandra , Voit Josephine , Lurati Buse Giovanna , Sixt Stephan U. , Westenfeld Ralf , Polzin Amin , Rellecke Philipp , Tudorache Igor , Hollmann Markus W. , Boeken Udo , Akhyari Payam , Lichtenberg Artur , Huhn Ragnar , Aubin Hug
Published: May 2022

Aims

Implantation of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) as a bridge to transplant or as destination therapy is increasing. The selection of suitable patients and outcome assessment belong to the key challenges. Mortality has traditionally been a focus of research in this field, but literature on quality of life is very limited. This study aimed to identify perioperative factors influencing patients' life as measured by days alive and out of hospital (DAOH) in the first year after LVAD implantation.

Methods and results

This retrospective single‐centre cohort study screened 227 patients who underwent LVAD implantation at the University Hospital Duesseldorf, Germany, between 2010 and 2020. First, the influence of 10 prespecified variables on DAOH was investigated by univariate analysis. Second, multivariate quantile regression was conducted including all factors with significant influence on DAOH in the univariate model. Additionally, the impact of all variables on 1 year mortality was investigated using Kaplan–Meier curves to oppose DAOH and mortality. In total, 221 patients were included into analysis. As pre‐operative factors, chronic kidney disease (CKD), pre‐operative mechanical circulatory support (pMCS), and Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) stadium < 3 were associated with lower DAOH at 1 year [CKD: 280 (155–322) vs. 230 (0–219), P = 0.0286; pMCS: 294 (155–325) vs. 243 (0–293), P = 0.0004; INTERMACS 1: 218 (0–293) vs. INTERMACS 2: 264 (6–320) vs. INTERMACS 3: 299 (228–325) vs. INTERMACS 4: 313 (247–332), P ≤ 0.0001]. Intra‐operative additional implantation of a right ventricular assist device (RVAD) was also associated with lower DAOH [RVAD: 290 (160–325) vs. 174 (0–277), P ≤ 0.0001]. As post‐operative values that were associated with lower DAOH, dialysis and tracheotomy could be identified [dialysis: 300 (252–326) vs. 186 (0–300), P ≤ 0.0001; tracheotomy: 292 (139–325) vs. 168 (0–269), P ≤ 0.0001]. Multivariate analysis revealed that all of these factors besides pMCS were independently associated with DAOH. According to Kaplan–Meier analysis, only post‐operative dialysis was significantly associated with increased mortality at 1 year (survival: no dialysis 89.4% vs. dialysis 70.1%, hazard ratio: 0.56, 95% confidence interval: 0.33–0.94; P = 0.031).

Conclusions

The results of this study indicate that there can be a clear discrepancy between hard endpoints such as mortality and more patient‐centred outcomes reflecting life impact. DAOH may relevantly contribute to a more comprehensive selection process and outcome assessment in LVAD patients.
Adoption of improved soybean and gender differential productivity and revenue impacts: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Kamara Amadu Y. , Oyinbo Oyakhilomen , Manda Julius , Kamsang Lucy S. , Kamai Nkeki
Published: May 2022

Despite the considerable soybean varietal improvement and dissemination efforts in Nigeria and other parts of Sub‐Saharan Africa, empirical evidence on farm‐level yield and revenue impacts of improved soybean varieties (ISVs) from a gender perspective are limited. In this paper, we analyze the impact of the adoption of ISVs on soybean yield and net revenue, and the associated gender differential effects in northern Nigeria. We use the endogenous and exogenous switching treatment effects regression frameworks to estimate the impacts. We find that the adoption of ISVs significantly increased soybean yield and net revenue of the soybean‐producing households by 26% and 32%, respectively. In addition, we find that the gender gap in yield between male and female‐headed soybean‐producing households was small, with a yield gap of about 1%. However, we find a substantial gender gap in soybean net revenue, as the net revenue of female‐headed households was lower by about 20%, as compared to male‐headed households. Overall, our findings show that policymakers and their development partners can leverage varietal improvement to boost the yields of both male‐ and female‐headed households. However, closing the gender gap in crop income necessitates reducing the disparity in market linkages so that the female farmers can equally have better market access.
Heat transfer of couple stress fluid from a vertical funnel: Impedance boundary conditions
Authors: Umavathi J. C.
Published: May 2022

The present level of literature on the subject matter indicates that nothing is known on the heat transfer across the couple stress rheological fluid flowing over a vertical avenue with Robin (mixed) wall conditions. The obtained conservation equations of the model are solved through DTM (differential transform method) and RPM (regular perturbation method). The nondimensional parameters obtained are a couple stress parameter, Brinkman number, mixed convection parameter, and Biot number. The computations reveal that flow acceleration and thermal enhancement is induced with increasing mixed convection parameter and Brinkman number for symmetric and asymmetric conditions. Increasing couple stress parameters dwindle the velocity and temperature for symmetric and asymmetric cases. The large values of the mixed convection parameter and Brinkman number increase the Nusselt values at the left wall and reduces at the right wall. The mass flow rate is augmented with the mixed convection parameter and Brinkman number but it is reduced with the couple stress parameter. The DTM, RKSM, and RPM solutions are in good agreement.
Construction of a necroptosis‐related lncRNA signature to predict the prognosis and immune microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Huang Juntao , Xu Ziqian , Teh Bing Mei , Zhou Chongchang , Yuan Zhechen , Shi Yunbin , Shen Yi
Published: May 2022

Background

Previous studies have determined that necroptosis‐related genes are potential biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Herein, we established a novel risk model based on necroptosis‐related lncRNAs (nrlncRNAs) to predict the prognosis of HNSCC patients.

Methods

Transcriptome and related information were obtained from TCGA database, and an nrlncRNA signature was established based on univariate Cox analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression. Kaplan–Meier analysis and time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were used to evaluate the model, and a nomogram for survival prediction was established. Gene set enrichment analysis, immune analysis, drug sensitivity analysis, correlation with N6‐methylandenosin (m6A), and tumor stemness analysis were performed. Furthermore, the entire set was divided into two clusters for further discussion.

Results

A novel signature was established with six nrlncRNAs. The areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) for 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survival (OS) were 0.699, 0.686, and 0.645, respectively. Patients in low‐risk group and cluster 2 had a better prognosis, more immune cell infiltration, higher immune function activity, and higher immune scores; however, patients in high‐risk group and cluster 1 were more sensitive to chemotherapy. Moreover, the risk score had negative correlation with m6A‐related gene expression and tumor stemness.

Conclusion

According to this study, we constructed a novel signature with nrlncRNA pairs to predict the survival of HNSCC patients and guide immunotherapy and chemotherapy. This may possibly promote the development of individualized and precise treatment for HNSCC patients.
Computational design of immunogenic peptide constructs comprising multiple human leukocyte antigen restricted dengue virus envelope epitopes
Authors: Kaushal Neha , Jain Sahil , Baranwal Manoj
Published: May 2022

Dengue virus (DENV) is endemic in 100 countries with the ability to impact nearly 50% of world population. DENV envelope (E) protein is responsible for viral attachment to host cells and has been target of various countermeasure development efforts. The current study focuses on a consensus computational approach to identify cross‐reactive, immunogenic DENV‐2 E peptides displaying promiscuity with a wide array of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. Four conserved peptides (FP‐1, FP‐2, FP‐3 and FP‐4) containing multiple CD8+ and CD4+ T cell epitopes were identified by employment of various immunoinformatics tools. FP‐1, FP‐2, FP‐3 and FP‐4 were estimated to bind with 227, 1787, 1008 and 834 HLA alleles, respectively. Root mean square deviation (RMSD) values obtained by molecular docking (CABS‐Dock) with 20 HLA alleles (10 each of HLA classes I and II) resulted into comparable RMSD values of identified epitopes with native peptides, which represents the natural presentation of epitopes to HLA molecules. These peptides were also found to be part of previous experimentally validated immunogenic peptides. Further, a dengue immunogenic peptide construct was generated by linking the four peptides, an adjuvant and a 6× histidine tag. The construct showed strong binding and stability with Toll‐like receptor. Collectively, these results provide strong evidence in the support of the immunogenic potential of the dengue immunogenic peptide construct.
Bias correction of daily precipitation for ungauged locations using geostatistical approaches: A case study for the CORDEX‐Africa ensemble
Authors: Lorenz Manuel , Bliefernicht Jan , Kunstmann Harald
Published: May 2022

Climate model simulations typically exhibit a bias, which can be corrected using statistical approaches. In this study, a geostatistical approach for bias correction of daily precipitation at ungauged locations is presented. The method utilizes a double quantile mapping with dry day correction for future periods. The transfer function of the bias correction for the ungauged locations is established using distribution functions estimated by ordinary kriging with anisotropic variograms. The methodology was applied to the daily precipitation simulations of the entire CORDEX‐Africa ensemble for a study region located in the West African Sudanian Savanna. This ensemble consists of 23 regional climate models (RCM) that were run for three different future scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5). The evaluation of the approach for a historical 50‐year period (1950–2005) showed that the method can reduce the inherent strong precipitation bias of RCM simulations, thereby reproducing the main climatological features of the observed data. Moreover, the bias correction technique preserves the climate change signal of the uncorrected RCM simulations. However, the ensemble spread is increased due to an overestimation of the rainfall probability of uncorrected RCM simulations. The application of the bias correction method to the future period (2006–2100) revealed that annual precipitation increases for most models in the near (2020–2049) and far future (2070–2099) with a mean increase of up to (18%). An analysis of the monthly and daily time series showed a slightly delayed onset and intensification of the rainy season.
DEFINING AND ASSESSING THE VALUE OF CANONICAL MIXED METHODS RESEARCH DESIGNS IN PUBLIC POLICY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Richwine Chelsea , Luo Qian Eric , Thorkildsen Zoë , Chong Nicholas J. , Morris Rebecca , Barnow Burt S. , Pandey Sanjay K.
Published: May 2022

Mixed methods research (MMR) designs are well suited for answering policy‐relevant questions, yet they remain underutilized in public policy and public administration scholarship. To provide a deeper understanding of the effective use of such designs, this article examines the prevalence of MMR in public policy and public administration journals, drawing a key distinction between “canonical” and “non‐canonical” MMR. Canonical mixed methods studies are characterized by (1) an explicit rationale for using mixed methods (i.e., a clear connection between methodological decisions and research questions), (2) effective integration of qualitative and quantitative strands, and (3) design transparency. We demonstrate the value of a canonical approach in public policy and public administration research by highlighting differences in quality between canonical and non‐canonical mixed methods studies. Our findings indicate that a canonical approach to mixed methods research makes positive contributions to methodological quality and knowledge development.
Effect of Gas Flow Rate in PECVD of Amorphous Silicon Thin Films for Interface Passivation of Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Pandey Ashutosh , Bhattacharya Shrestha , Panigrahi Jagannath , Mandal Sourav , Komarala Vamsi Krishna
Published: May 2022

Precursor gas flow rate variation (30–80 sccm) in the plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process of intrinsic a‐Si:H layer deposition using SiH4/H2(equal ratio) plasma is explored and its effect on the i‐a‐Si:H/c‐Si interface passivation is investigated. A window of intermediate gas flow rates is determined for good quality surface passivation of n‐type c‐Si. Maximum effective minority carrier lifetime (τeff) above 1 ms, implied open‐circuit voltage (iVoc) ≈ 710 mV, and low interface defect density (Dit) ≈3.5 × 109 cm−2 eV−1are obtained at an intermediate gas flow rate. The SiH4:H2discharge emission characteristics, and the a‐Si:H film characteristics such as hydrogen concentration, film density, optical band gap, and refractive index, are also investigated. To examine the effect of the flow rate variation on the performance of the final device, front‐junction silicon heterojunction solar cells are fabricated on n‐type Si wafers, and ≈17% efficient cells are fabricated with an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) close to 690 mV at an optimized gas flow rate. This study provided information related to the transient plasma instability, SiH4depletion, secondary reactions in the plasma, and flux of radicals toward the substrate for the film growth with a good level of surface passivation.
Induction and Maintenance of Local Structural Durability for High‐Energy Nickel‐Rich Layered Oxides
Authors: Ma Quanxin , Wang Yuqin , Lai Fulin , Meng Junxia , Dmytro Sydorov , Zhou Lingfei , Yang Mengqian , Zhang Qian , Zhong Shengwen
Published: May 2022

Nickel‐rich layered oxides are one of the most promising cathode candidates for next‐generation high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries. However, due to similar ion radius between Li+ and Ni2+(0.76 and 0.69 Å), the Li+/Ni2+ mixing phenomenon seriously hinders the migration of Li+ and increases kinetic barrier of Li+ diffusion, resulting in limited rate capability. In this work, the introduction of Ce4+ to effectively improve electrochemical properties of Ni‐rich cathode materials is proposed. The LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (LNCA) is modified with an additional precursor oxidization process using an appropriate amount of (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6. The Ce(NO3)62− easily obtains electrons and generates reduction reactions, while Ni(OH)2 is prone to electron loss and oxidation reaction. The participation of (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 can promote the oxidation of Ni2+ to Ni3+, thereby reducing the Li+/Ni2+ mixing and increasing the structural stability of LNCA samples. Ce4+ cation doping can impede Li+/Ni2+ mixing of LNCA cathode materials upon the long‐term cycles. Both rate performance and long‐term cyclability of Li[Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05]0.97Ce0.03O2 (LNCA‐Ce0.03) sample are significantly improved. Besides, a practical pouch cell based on the cathode presents sufficient gravimetric energy density (≈300 Wh kg−1) and cycling stability (capacity retention of 81.3% after 500 cycles at 1 C).
Accessing veterinary healthcare during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A mixed‐methods analysis of UK and Republic of Ireland dog owners’ concerns and experiences
Authors: Owczarczak‐Garstecka Sara C. , Holland Katrina E. , Anderson Katharine L. , Casey Rachel A. , Christley Robert M. , Harris Lauren , McMillan Kirsten M. , Mead Rebecca , Murray Jane K. , Samet Lauren , Upjohn Melissa M.
Published: May 2022

Background

This study explored dog owners’ concerns and experiences related to accessing veterinary healthcare during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

Data were obtained through two cross‐sectional owner‐completed surveys conducted in May (first nationwide lockdown) and October 2020 and owner‐completed diaries (April‐November 2020). Diaries and relevant open‐ended survey questions were analysed qualitatively to identify themes. Survey responses concerning veterinary healthcare access were summarised and compared using chi‐square tests.

Results

During the initial months of the pandemic, veterinary healthcare availability worried 32.4% (n = 1431/4922) of respondents. However, between 23 March and 4 November 2020, 99.5% (n = 1794/1843) of those needing to contact a veterinarian managed to do so. Delays/cancellations of procedures affected 28.0% (n = 82/293) of dogs that owners planned to neuter and 34.2% (n = 460/1346) of dogs that owners intended to vaccinate. Qualitative themes included COVID‐19 safety precautions, availability of veterinary healthcare and the veterinarian‐client relationship.

Conclusion

Veterinary healthcare availability concerned many owners during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Access to veterinary healthcare for emergencies remained largely available, but prophylactic treatments were delayed for some dogs.
Monitoring parasite burdens and investigating suspected parasiticide resistance in cattle
Authors: Swinson Vanessa , Jorge David , Macrelli Michele
Published: May 2022

This focus article has been prepared by Vanessa Swinson, David Jorge and Michele Macrelli of the APHA.
Endoscopy‐assisted transoral approach for parapharyngeal space tumors: Our experience and a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Orlando Pietro , Locatello Luca Giovanni , Gallo Oreste , Leopardi Gianluca , Maggiore Giandomenico
Published: May 2022

Background

Several approaches have been described for the excision of parapharyngeal space tumors (PPSTs). Advances in endoscopy gave a further stimulus to the use of the transoral route.

Aims

We present our experience with the endoscopy‐assisted transoral approach (EATA) in this regard and a review of the most recent literature about EATA for PPSTs excision.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively analyzed our experience and systematically reviewed the literature about the outcomes of this technique.

Results

Seven PPSTs were completely excised, with three of them requiring a combined transcervical approach. Only one case of postoperative wound dehiscence was registered, and the mean length of stay was 3.9 days. Final histopathological examination confirmed the results obtained with preoperative fine‐needle aspiration biopsy in all cases and no recurrences were apparent after a mean follow‐up of 28.1 months.

Discussion

Magnetic resonance imaging, the modified Mallampati score and the 8 Ts criteria are useful instruments for the choice of the most appropriate surgical approach.

Conclusion

In light of our experience and following other published series in the literature, we believe that EATA may represent a safe and effective approach for the treatment of the majority of PPSTs.
B → Dℓνℓ form factors beyond leading power and extraction of |Vcb| and R(D)
Authors: Gao Jing , Huber Tobias , Ji Yao , Wang Chao , Wang Yu-Ming , Wei Yan-Bing
Published: May 2022

Abstract

We investigate the subleading-power corrections to the exclusive B → Dℓνℓ form factors at $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
($$ {\alpha}_s^0 $$

α
s
0

) in the light-cone sum rules (LCSR) framework by including the two- and three-particle higher-twist contributions from the B-meson light-cone distribution amplitudes up to the twist-six accuracy, by taking into account the subleading terms in expanding the hard-collinear charm-quark propagator, and by evaluating the hadronic matrix element of the subleading effective current "Image missing". Employing further the available leading-power results for the semileptonic B → D form factors at the next-to- leading-logarithmic level and combining our improved LCSR predictions with the recent lattice determinations, we then carry out a comprehensive phenomenological analysis on the semi-leptonic B → Dℓνℓ decay. We extract $$ \left|{V}_{cb}\right|=\left({40.2}_{-0.5}^{+0.6}{\left|{{}_{\mathrm{th}}}_{-1.4}^{+1.4}\right|}_{\mathrm{exp}}\right)\times {10}^{-3}\left(\left|{V}_{cb}\right|=\left({40.9}_{-0.5}^{+0.6}{\left|{{}_{\mathrm{th}}}_{-1.0}^{+1.0}\right|}_{\mathrm{exp}}\right)\times {10}^{-3}\right) $$

V
cb

=

40.2

−
0.5

+
0.6

th

−
1.4

+
1.4

exp

×

10

−
3

V
cb

=

40.9

−
0.5

+
0.6

th

−
1.0

+
1.0

exp

×

10

−
3

using the BaBar (Belle) experimental data, and particularly obtain for the gold-plated ratio R(D) = 0.302 ± 0.003.
Optimal control for a coupled spin-polarized current and magnetization system
Authors: An Xin , Majee Ananta K. , Prohl Andreas , Tran Thanh
Published: May 2022

This paper is devoted to an optimal control problem of a coupled spin drift-diffusion Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert system describing the interplay of magnetization and spin accumulation in magnetic-nonmagnetic multilayer structures, where the control is given by the electric current density. A variational approach is used to prove the existence of an optimal control. The first-order necessary optimality system for the optimal solution is derived in one space-dimension via Lagrange multiplier method. Numerical examples are reported to validate the theoretical findings.
Vitamin D food fortification in European countries: the underused potential to prevent cancer deaths
Authors: Niedermaier Tobias , Gredner Thomas , Kuznia Sabine , Schöttker Ben , Mons Ute , Lakerveld Jeroen , Ahrens Wolfgang , Brenner Hermann ,   On behalf of the PEN-Consortium
Published: May 2022

Background: Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials have shown that vitamin D supplementation reduces cancer mortality by 13%. Vitamin D fortification of foods may increase vitamin D levels in a similar manner as vitamin D supplementation and could achieve similar reductions in cancer mortality. Whereas some European countries already implemented widespread fortification of foods with vitamin D, in other countries only few or no foods are fortified. In this study, we estimated the reduction in cancer mortality presumably already achieved by current fortification policies in 2017 and the potential for further reductions if all countries had effective fortification. Methods: We reviewed scientific literature, publicly available information, and contacted health authorities to obtain information on current vitamin D food fortification policies in 34 European countries. Together with country-specific cancer death statistics from Eurostat, information on life expectancy, and country-specific fortification policies, we used data from studies on supplementation and serum 25(OH)D increases and cancer mortality to estimate numbers of probably already prevented cancer deaths and numbers of potentially further preventable deaths and years of life lost. Results: Current vitamin D fortification is estimated to prevent approximately 11,000 in the European Union and 27,000 cancer deaths in all European countries considered per year. If all countries considered here would implement adequate vitamin D fortification of foods, an estimated additional 129,000 cancer deaths (113,000 in the European Union) could be prevented, corresponding to almost 1.2 million prevented years of life lost (1.0 million in the EU) or approximately 9% of cancer deaths (10% in the EU). Interpretation: Systematic fortification of foods might considerably reduce the burden of cancer deaths in Europe.
State Estimation of Time-Varying MRI with Radial Golden Angle Sampling
Authors: Wettenhovi Ville-Veikko , Kolehmainen Ville , Kettunen Mikko , Gröhn Olli , Vauhkonen Marko
Published: May 2022

We propose a state estimation approach to time-varying magnetic resonance imaging utilizing a priori information. In state estimation, the time-dependent image reconstruction problem is modeled by separate state evolution and observation models. In our method, we compute the state estimates by using the Kalman filter and steady-state Kalman smoother utilizing a data-driven estimate for the process noise covariance matrix, constructed from conventional sliding window estimates. The proposed approach is evaluated using radially golden angle sampled simulated and experimental small animal data from a rat brain. In our method, the state estimates are updated after each new spoke of radial data becomes available, leading to faster frame rate compared with the conventional approaches. The results are compared with the estimates with the sliding window method. The results show that the state estimation approach with the data-driven process noise covariance can improve both spatial and temporal resolution.
Baseline depressive symptoms, personal control, and concern moderate the effects of preoperative psychological interventions: the randomized controlled PSY-HEART trial
Authors: Horn Nicole , Laferton Johannes A. C. , Shedden-Mora Meike C. , Moosdorf Rainer , Rief Winfried , Salzmann Stefan
Published: May 2022

This study examined whether baseline (3–14 days pre-surgery) levels of (i) depressive or (ii) anxiety symptoms and (iii) illness beliefs moderate the effects of additional preoperative interventions before coronary artery bypass graft surgery on (i) depressive or (ii) anxiety symptoms and (iii) illness beliefs 1 day before surgery, 1 week and 6 months after surgery. In the PSY-HEART trial, 115 patients were assessed. They were randomized into one of three groups: 1. receiving standard medical care only (SMC), additional psychological interventions: 2. aiming to optimize patients’ expectations (EXPECT), or 3. focusing on emotional support. Patients with a higher baseline level of depressive symptoms receiving a preoperative psychological intervention indicated lower depressive symptoms 6 months after surgery compared to SMC. EXPECT increased personal control and concern levels in patients with low baseline personal control/concern 1 day before surgery. Brief preoperative psychological interventions can improve psychological outcomes in heart surgery patients. Baseline status may moderate these effects. The study has been approved by the medical ethics committee of the Philipps University of Marburg and has been pre-registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01407055) on August 1, 2011.
False-belief task know-how
Authors: Jurgens Alan
Published: May 2022

This paper assumes that success on false-belief tasks requires a kind of folk psychological know-how, i.e. gradable knowledge how to perform skilful social cognitive acts. Following Ryle (Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 1946, The Concept of Mind, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1949), it argues the folk psychological know-how required for success on a false-belief task cannot be reduced to conceptual knowledge as this would lead to an infinite regress. Within the skilled performance literature, Intellectualists (Stanley and Williams in Journal of Philosophy 98:411–444, 2001) have attempted to solve Ryle’s regress by appealing to automatic mechanisms similar in kind to some Theory-of-Mind explanations of folk psychology. Exploring this similarity, the paper examines the epistemic commitments of two recent pragmatic Theory-of-Mind accounts (Westra and Carruthers in Cognition 158:165–176, 2017; Fenici in Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 2020) of cross-cultural false-belief task data (Shahaeian et al. in Developmental Psychology 47:1239–1247, 2011). By drawing on Fridland’s (Philosophical Studies 165:879–891, 2012) argument against Intellectualist explanations of know-how, it is argued that neither of these pragmatic Theory-of-Mind accounts can adequately explain gradable folk psychological know-how and escape Ryle’s infinite regress objection if these accounts are indeed committed to Intellectualism. The paper ends by supplementing Fenici’s (Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 2020) account with the enactive framework to both bolster Fenici’s explanation of false-belief task know-how and avoid Ryle’s regress objection.
Cognitive diversity and the contingency of evidence
Authors: Lyons Jack C.
Published: May 2022

Many epistemologists endorse a view I call “evidence essentialism:” ifeis evidence ofh, for some agent at some time, then necessarily,eis evidence ofh, for any agent at any time. I argue that such a view is only plausible if we ignore cognitive diversity among epistemic agents, i.e., the fact that different agents have different—sometimes radically different—cognitive skills, abilities, and proclivities. Instead, cognitive diversity shows that evidential relations are contingent and relative to cognizers. This is especially obvious in extreme cases (from pathological to gifted agents) and in connection with epistemic defeat, but it is also very plausibly true of ordinary agents, and regarding prima facie justification.
An 11-year longitudinal analysis of refracture rates and public hospital service utilisation in Australia’s most populous state
Authors: Williamson Jennifer , Michaleff Zoe , Schneuer Francisco , Wong Peter , Needs Christopher , Thompson Julia , Hay Liz
Published: May 2022

This detailed 11-year longitudinal analysis calculated the public health cost of managing refractures in people aged ≥ 50 years in Australia’s most populous state. It provides current and projected statewide health system costs associated with managing osteoporosis and provides a foundation to evaluate a novel statewide model of fracture prevention.

Purpose

The purpose of this longitudinal analysis was to calculate current and projected refracture rates and associated public hospital utilisation and costs in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. These results will be used to inform scaled implementation and evaluation of a statewide Osteoporotic Refracture Prevention (ORP) model of care.

Methods

Linked administrative data (inpatient admissions, outpatient attendances, Emergency Department presentations, deaths, cost) were used to calculate annual refracture rates and refracture-related service utilisation between 2007 and 2018 and healthcare costs between 2008 and 2019. Projections for the next decade were made using ‘business-as-usual’ modelling.

Results

Between 2007 and 2018, 388,743 people aged ≥ 50 years experienced an index fracture and 81,601 had a refracture. Refracture was more common in older people (rising from a cumulative refracture rate at 5 years of 14% in those aged 50–64 years, to 44% in those aged > 90 years), women with a major index fracture (5-year cumulative refracture rate of 26% in females, compared to 19% for males) or minimal trauma index fracture and those with an osteoporosis diagnosis (5-year cumulative refracture rate of 36% and 22%, respectively in those with and without an osteoporosis diagnosis). Refractures increased from 8774 in 2008 to 14,323 in 2018. The annual cost of refracture to NSW Health increased from AU$130 million in 2009 to AU$194 million in 2019. It is projected that, over the next decade, if nothing changes, 292,537 refracture-related hospital admissions and Emergency Department presentations and 570,000 outpatient attendances will occur, at an estimated total cost to NSW Health of AU$2.4 billion.

Conclusion

This analysis provides a detailed picture of refractures and associated projected service utilisation and costs over the next decade in Australia’s most populous state. Understanding the burden of refracture provides a foundation for evaluation of a novel statewide ORP model of care to prevent refractures in people aged ≥ 50 years.