bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Petrology and Geochemistry of Mesoarchean Sukinda Ultramafics, Southern Singhbhum Odisha Craton, India: Implications for Mantle Resources and the Geodynamic Setting
Authors: Nayak Debajyoti , Das Pranab , Misra Sagar
Published: November 2023

The Sukinda ultramafic complex in India comprises precisely two areas: Kaliapani (KLPN) and Katpal (KTPL). These areas consist of a sequence of lithotypes, including orthopyroxenite, dunite, serpentinite, and chromitite, displaying a rhythmic layering of rocks. These rocks exhibit a cumulate texture and stand out due to their elevated Mg# (78.43–93.20), Cr (905.40–58,799 ppm), Ni (193.81–2790 ppm), Al2O3/TiO2 (27.01–74.06), and Zr/Hf (39.81–55.24) ratios, while possessing lower TiO2 contents (0.01–0.12 wt%). These ultramafics, characterized by low Ti/V (0.83–19.23) and Ti/Sc (7.14–83.72) ratios, negative anomalies of Zr, Hf, Nb, and Ti in a primitive mantle-normalized spider diagram, indicate that the ultramafics originate from a depleted mantle source. Furthermore, the presence of enriched LREE compared to HREE, a negative Eu anomaly, and enrichment of Th, U, and negative Nb anomalies suggest a subduction setting. The whole-rock geochemical data reveal high levels of MgO, Cr, and Ni, as well as low TiO2 and CaO/Al2O3 ratios and high Al2O3/TiO2 ratios. Moreover, the mineral chemistry data of the ultramafic rocks show high-Mg olivine (Fo 90.9−94.1) in dunite, high-Mg orthopyroxene (En 90.4–90.7) in orthopyroxenite, and high Cr# (0.68–0.82) and low Mg# (0.40–0.54) in chromite, alongside significant Al2O3 (9.93–12.86 wt%) and TiO2 (0.20–0.44 wt%) contents in the melt. Such geochemical characteristics strongly suggest that the Sukinda ultramafic originates from the fractional crystallization of a boninitic parental magma, which is derived from the second-stage melting in a depleted metasomatized mantle source within a supra-subduction zone tectonic setting.
Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Pores in Different Shale Lithofacies Reservoirs of Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation, Southwestern Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Chen Dongxia , Wang Yuchao , Lei Wenzhi , Wang Fuwei
Published: November 2023

The shale reservoirs of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation are widely distributed in the Sichuan Basin and have abundant gas resources. However, the shale lithofacies of the Qiongzhusi Formation are complex due to frequent sea level changes. The reservoir pore structure characteristics and gas content of different shale lithofacies vary significantly, which makes identifying the ‘sweet spot’ a challenging task. In this study, core observation and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the lithofacies types and characteristics of the study area. The pore types of different shale lithofacies were observed using field emission-scanning electron microscopy. Pore structures were studied using low-temperature gas (including N2 and CO2) physisorption, and the pore volume (PV), specific surface area (SSA) and pore structure were systematically characterized. The primary factors influencing pore formation in different types of shale lithofacies were analyzed by combining geochemical experiments and mineral contents. The results indicate that the lithofacies of the Qiongzhusi Formation shale in the study area can be classified into five categories according to mineral compositions: Siliceous argillaceous shale (CM-1), Argillaceous siliceous mixed shale (M-2), Argillaceous siliceous shale (S-3), Siliceous rock (S) and Calcareous siliceous shale (S-2). Pores are abundant in S-3 shale, M-2 shale and CM-1 shale. The S-3 shale is more enriched in organic pores and clay mineral pores compared to other lithofacies shales, and the pore morphology is mainly wedge-shaped and plate-like. M-2 shale and CM-1 shale are rich in clay minerals and mainly develop clay mineral pores and are mainly wedge-shaped and plate-like. The S shale and S-2 shale mainly develop interparticle pores and clay mineral pores, which are mainly slit-like. The results show that TOC, pyrite content, quartz and feldspar mineral content, clay mineral type and content affect the pore structure in the study area. Quartz and feldspar content have a negative effect on micropore and mesopore volumes. TOCs have a weak positive correlation with micropore volume and micropore SSA. Clay mineral content has significant positive effects on the PV and SSA of micropores and mesopores, indicating that clay mineral content is the main factor affecting the pore structure of shale.
Geochemical Overprinting and Secondary Placer Crystal Formation in the La Cholla District, Quartzsite, Arizona, USA: Evidence from Copper Isotopes, Morphology, and Trace Elements
Authors: Melchiorre Erik B. , Mathur Ryan , Kamenov George , Paredes Jorge
Published: November 2023

Geochemical overprinting on placer gold deposits produces complex deposits with apparently paradoxical geochemical and morphological attributes. The La Cholla placer gold deposits near Quartzsite, Arizona, USA, contain sharp and often undamaged gold crystals within high-energy gravels as a result of postdepositional recrystallization by localized hot springs. Geothermal fluids emanated from a basin-bounding fault and left a distinct signature that includes recrystallized gold with low Pb and δ65Cu > 1.14‰, secondary uraninite and carnotite, travertine deposits, and mounds of highly silicified placer gravels. Surrounding these deposits are placer gravels with angular gold morphology and geochemistry indicative of flash-flood pulse placers with a lode gold source < 5 km and gold particles with low Pb and δ65Cu < 0.77‰. The multitude of small local lode gold source veins is likely related to specialized fluid migration along mid-Tertiary detachment faults. The unroofing of these veins at 5 to 17 Ma by high-angle Basin and Range faulting led to extensive placer development, with subsequent localized modification by geothermal fluid migration along the same faults. This study documents geochemical overprinting and modification of placer deposits and bears upon the study of other placers containing crystalline gold and uranium mineralization. Similar deposits may document past geothermal activity and identify structural fluid conduits and steep paleo-topographic gradients.
Estimation of Sound Transmission Loss in Nanofiber Nonwoven Fabrics: Comparison of Conventional Models and the Simplified Limp Frame Model
Authors: Sakamoto Shuichi , Hasegawa Tsukasa , Ikeda Koki
Published: November 2023

Although the sound absorption coefficients of conventional and nanofiber nonwoven fabrics (NF-NWFs) have been the subject of many previous studies, few studies have considered the estimation of transmission loss. Reported herein is an experimental and theoretical study into estimating the transmission loss of NF-NWFs using four estimation models, i.e., the Rayleigh, Miki, and Komatsu models, and the simplified limp frame model (SLFM), with the model results compared against the experimental data. The transmission loss of the NF-NWF was determined from the propagation constant, and characteristic impedance was calculated using the estimation model and the transfer matrix method. The validity of each estimation method was examined by comparing its estimated values with the experimental values measured using a four-microphone impedance measurement tube. The proposed SLFM is more suitable for estimating the transmission loss of NF-NWFs than the conventional Rayleigh, Miki, and Komatsu models.
Xerogel-Derived Manganese Oxide/N-Doped Carbon as a Non-Precious Metal-Based Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyst in Microbial Fuel Cells for Energy Conversion Applications
Authors: Hao Wu , Lee Sang-Hun , Peera Shaik Gouse
Published: November 2023

Current study provides a novel strategy to synthesize the nano-sized MnO nanoparticles from the quick, ascendable, sol-gel synthesis strategy. The MnO nanoparticles are supported on nitrogen-doped carbon derived from the cheap sustainable source. The resulting MnO/N-doped carbon catalysts developed in this study are systematically evaluated via several physicochemical and electrochemical characterizations. The physicochemical characterizations confirms that the crystalline MnO nanoparticles are successfully synthesized and are supported on N-doped carbons, ascertained from the X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopic studies. In addition, the developed MnO/N-doped carbon catalyst was also found to have adequate surface area and porosity, similar to the traditional Pt/C catalyst. Detailed investigations on the effect of the nitrogen precursor, heat treatment temperature, and N-doped carbon support on the ORR activity is established in 0.1 M of HClO4. It was found that the MnO/N-doped carbon catalysts showed enhanced ORR activity with a half-wave potential of 0.69 V vs. RHE, with nearly four electron transfers and excellent stability with just a loss of 10 mV after 20,000 potential cycles. When analyzed as an ORR catalyst in dual-chamber microbial fuel cells (DCMFC) with Nafion 117 membrane as the electrolyte, the MnO/N-doped carbon catalyst exhibited a volumetric power density of ~45 mW m2 and a 60% degradation of organic matter in 30 days of continuous operation.
Effects of Deposition Temperature and Working Pressure on the Thermal and Nanomechanical Performances of Stoichiometric Cu3N: An Adaptable Material for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Rodríguez-Tapiador M. I. , Jiménez-Suárez A. , Lama A. , Gordillo N. , Asensi J. M. , del Rosario G. , Merino J. , Bertomeu J. , Agarwal A. , Fernández S.
Published: November 2023

The pursuit of efficient, profitable, and ecofriendly materials has defined solar cell research from its inception to today. Some materials, such as copper nitride (Cu3N), show great promise for promoting sustainable solar technologies. This study employed reactive radio-frequency magnetron sputtering using a pure nitrogen environment to fabricate quality Cu3N thin films to evaluate how both temperature and gas working pressure affect their solar absorption capabilities. Several characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nanoindentation, and photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS), were used to determine the main properties of the thin films. The results indicated that, at room temperature, it is possible to obtain a material that is close to stoichiometric Cu3N material (Cu/N ratio ≈ 3) with (100) preferred orientation, which was lost as the substrate temperature increases, demonstrating a clear influence of this parameter on the film structure attributed to nitrogen re-emission at higher temperatures. Raman microscopy confirmed the formation of Cu-N bonds within the 628–637 cm−1 range. In addition, the temperature and the working pressure significantly also influence the film hardness and the grain size, affecting the elastic modulus. Finally, the optical properties revealed suitable properties at lower temperatures, including bandgap values, refractive index, and Urbach energy. These findings underscore the potential of Cu3N thin films in solar energy due to their advantageous properties and resilience against defects. This research paves the way for future advancements in efficient and sustainable solar technologies.
Comparative Study of Different Pretreatment and Combustion Methods on the Grindability of Rice-Husk-Based SiO2
Authors: Ma Yunhai , Yuan Shengwang , Ma Zichao , Hou Yihao , Niu Shichao , Lekai Li , Liu Guoqin , Cao Feipeng
Published: November 2023

The rice husk (RH) combustion pretreatment method plays a crucial role in the extraction of nanoscale SiO2 from RH as a silicon source. This study examined the effects of diverse pretreatment methods and combustion temperatures on the particle size distribution of nanoscale high-purity amorphous SiO2 extracted from rice husk ash (RHA) post RH combustion. The experiment was structured using the Taguchi method, employing an L9 (21 × 33) orthogonal mixing table. The median diameter (D50) served as the output response parameter, with the drying method (A), combustion temperature (B), torrefaction temperature (C), and pretreatment method (D) as the input parameters. The results showed the torrefaction temperature (C) as being the predominant factor affecting the D50, which decreased with an increasing torrefaction temperature (C). The optimal parameter combination was identified as A2B2C3D2. The verification test revealed that roasting could improve the abrasiveness of Rh-based silica and reduce the average particle size. Torrefaction at medium temperatures might narrow the size distribution range of RHA-SiO2. We discovered that the purity of silica increased with an increasing roasting temperature by evaluating the concentration of silica in the sample. The production of RHA with silica concentrations up to 92.3% was investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis affirmed that SiO2’s crystal structure remained unaltered across different treatment methods, consistently presenting as amorphous. These results provide a reference for extracting high-value products through RH combustion.
Experimental Study on Thermal Conductivity of Water-Based Magnetic Fluid Loaded with Different Nanoparticles
Authors: Su Zhe , Cheng Yanhong , Liu Zhifeng , Zhou Jiayi , Li Decai , Li Ying
Published: November 2023

Magnetic fluids, a new type of energy transfer fluid with tunable properties, have garnered significant interest from researchers worldwide. Hybrid magnetic fluids prepared by adding different types of nanoparticles exhibit superior thermophysical properties and functional characteristics. In this paper, we prepared a water-based magnetic fluid loaded with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MCNTs), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu) to enhance thermal conductivity. Using a transient double hot-wire method, we designed and built an experimental measurement system for the thermal conductivity of magnetic fluids with an average measurement error of less than 5%. We studied the thermal conductivity of hybrid magnetic fluids under different conditions and evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of various models, including the Maxwell model, H&C model, Tim model, Y&C model, and Evans model. Our results show that MF+MCNTs, MF+Ag, and MF+Cu nanofluids can all improve the thermal conductivity of the carrier fluid, with MF+MCNTs exhibiting the best improvement effect of 10.93%. Among the five models evaluated, the Evans model had the best predictive effect with a deviation range within 5%. This work provides theoretical and practical reference for enhancing the thermal conductivity of magnetic fluids and provides a more accurate theoretical model for calculating the thermal conductivity of hybrid magnetic fluids.
Construction of Binary RGO/TiO2 Fibrous Membranes with Enhanced Mechanical Properties for E. coli Inactivation
Authors: Zhao Suyi , Chong Zhenzeng , Zuo Xiaogang , Qi Wenjun
Published: November 2023

For environmental remediation, it is significant to design membranes with good mechanical properties and excellent photocatalytic activity. In this work, RGO/TiO2 membranes with heterogeneous structures and good photocatalytic efficiency were synthesized using the method of electrospinning combined with a thermal treatment process. In the binary nanocomposites, RGO was tightly adhered to TiO2 fibers and by simply adjusting the loading of RGO, the strength and modulus of the fibrous membranes were improved. Notably, the RGO-permeated TiO2 fibers exhibited 1.41 MPa in tensile strength and 140.02 MPa in Young’s modulus, which were 705% and 343% of the original TiO2 fibers, respectively. Benefiting from the enhanced light response and the homogeneous and compact heterogeneous structure, the synthesized RGO/TiO2 membranes displayed good antibacterial performance with a photocatalytic inactivation rate of 6 log against E. coli within 60 min. This study offers a highly efficient alternative to inactivate E. coli for the synthesis of TiO2-based membranes.
Origin of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance, and Their Impacts on Drug Development: A Narrative Review
Authors: Muteeb Ghazala , Rehman Md Tabish , Shahwan Moayad , Aatif Mohammad
Published: November 2023

Antibiotics have revolutionized medicine, saving countless lives since their discovery in the early 20th century. However, the origin of antibiotics is now overshadowed by the alarming rise in antibiotic resistance. This global crisis stems from the relentless adaptability of microorganisms, driven by misuse and overuse of antibiotics. This article explores the origin of antibiotics and the subsequent emergence of antibiotic resistance. It delves into the mechanisms employed by bacteria to develop resistance, highlighting the dire consequences of drug resistance, including compromised patient care, increased mortality rates, and escalating healthcare costs. The article elucidates the latest strategies against drug-resistant microorganisms, encompassing innovative approaches such as phage therapy, CRISPR-Cas9 technology, and the exploration of natural compounds. Moreover, it examines the profound impact of antibiotic resistance on drug development, rendering the pursuit of new antibiotics economically challenging. The limitations and challenges in developing novel antibiotics are discussed, along with hurdles in the regulatory process that hinder progress in this critical field. Proposals for modifying the regulatory process to facilitate antibiotic development are presented. The withdrawal of major pharmaceutical firms from antibiotic research is examined, along with potential strategies to re-engage their interest. The article also outlines initiatives to overcome economic challenges and incentivize antibiotic development, emphasizing international collaborations and partnerships. Finally, the article sheds light on government-led initiatives against antibiotic resistance, with a specific focus on the Middle East. It discusses the proactive measures taken by governments in the region, such as Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, to combat this global threat. In the face of antibiotic resistance, a multifaceted approach is imperative. This article provides valuable insights into the complex landscape of antibiotic development, regulatory challenges, and collaborative efforts required to ensure a future where antibiotics remain effective tools in safeguarding public health.
Combining Ability and Reciprocal Effects for the Yield of Elite Blue Corn Lines from the Central Highlands of Mexico
Authors: Arellano-Vázquez José Luis , Gutiérrez-Hernández Germán Fernando , Ceja-Torres Luis Fernando , Flores-Gómez Estela , García-Ramírez Elpidio , Quiroz-Figueroa Francisco Roberto , Vázquez-Lozano Patricia
Published: November 2023

The development of hybrid plants can increase the production and quality of blue corn, and, thus, satisfy its high demand. For this development, it is essential to understand the heterotic relationships of the germplasm. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability, as well as the reciprocal effects (REs) on the yields of 10 blue corn lines, and to select the outstanding lines. Diallel crosses were generated with 10 lines and evaluated at the Valle de México Experimental Station in Chapingo, Mexico, and Calpulalpan, Tlaxcala, Mexico. There were differences (p ≤ 0.01) in the hybrids, Loc, effects of GCA, SCA, and REs, and in the following interactions: hybrids × Loc, GCA × Loc, SCA × Loc, and RE × Loc. For GCA, lines Ll, L4, L6, and L9 stood out, with significant values of 3.4, 2.9, 2.9, and 3.1, respectively. For SCA, the hybrids featured were L4 × L10, L2 × L10, L1 × L10, L7 × L8, and L2 × L6, with values of 3.0, 2.5, 2.3, 2.3, and 2.2, and yields of 11.2, 10.2, 10.4, 10.4, and 10.5 t ha−l, respectively. There were no significant REs in these lines. Considerable effects of GCA and SCA were detected; therefore, we concluded that native populations had favorable dominance and additive genetic effects that could be used to support the development of high-yielding lines and hybrids.
Effect of Carbon Nanoparticles Morphology on the Properties of Poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene) Elastomer Composites
Authors: Han Xiaobing , Zhou Zhenhao , Gao Jie , Zhao Yuan , Chen Tao
Published: November 2023

Though nanomaterials based on carbon have been widely used for the preparation of high-performance polymeric nanocomposites, there are few works focused on the effect of carbon nanoparticle morphology on the performance of corresponding polymer nanocomposites. Therefore, four representative carbon nanoparticles, including fullerene, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon black incorporated poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene) (SIS) elastomer nanocomposites were fabricated using the solvent casting method. In addition, the effect of carbon nanoparticle morphology on the rheological, mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of the obtained polymeric nanocomposites was systematically investigated. The results showed that the shape of carbon nanoparticles has a different effect on the properties of the obtained elastomer nanocomposites, which lays the foundation of carbon nanoparticle screening for high-performance polymer nanocomposite construction.
Beyond a Game: A Narrative Review of Psychopathic Traits in Sporting Environments
Authors: Colangelo Jill , Smith Alexander , Buadze Anna , Liebrenz Michael
Published: November 2023

There has been a growing interest around the broader effects of psychopathic traits, particularly in relation to deviant behaviors and the notion of so-called “successful psychopathy”. As significant sociocultural touchstones, sporting events are often characterized by competitiveness and a sense of prestige. However, there has been limited attention towards psychopathic traits across recreational, amateur, and elite sports. Accordingly, we conducted a narrative review synthesizing primary observations on this topic, searching keywords in Scopus, APA PsychNet, and PubMed. Twenty-four academic papers were included in our results, which we thematized around demographic groups, namely: athletes and sport-adjacent non-athletes (i.e., coaches and spectators). Based on empirical findings from the reviewed papers, psychopathic traits could have medicolegal and forensic implications in relation to substance use, aggression, and violence. These could intersect with wider issues around doping, cheating, foul play, and have adverse outcomes for fellow participants, team dynamics, and spectators. Interestingly, our review also indicates that psychopathic traits may have correlations with determination and achievement in sport, echoing developing ideas around “successful psychopathy” in other domains. As such, increased awareness from all stakeholders and further multidisciplinary exchanges are vital to better understand the effects of psychopathic traits in sporting frameworks and their wider consequences.
Rethinking Economic Growth Policies in the Context of Sustainability: Panel Data Analysis on Pollution as an Effect of Economic Development in EU Countries
Authors: Andrei Florin
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the complex interplay between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and significant socio-economic determinants, namely gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, population, and energy consumption. The analysis revealed a deficiency in the literature since most studies have primarily focused on the contemporary period, neglecting the 1970s and 1980s, which were characterized by extensive industrialization in a substantial portion of Europe. The study aims to establish a definitive association between socio-economic factors and the observed fluctuations in CO2 emissions. The study focuses on a panel of 20 countries within the European Union. It collects 52 yearly observations spanning from 1970 to 2021. The analysis employs panel data regression estimate. Extensive investigation has conclusively demonstrated that a direct and positive correlation exists between population size and energy consumption and the subsequent impact on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Interestingly, there is a negative association between the GDP per capita and CO2 emissions, suggesting the possibility of a decoupling between economic growth and carbon emissions. This might be attributed to the development of cleaner technology and a heightened awareness of environmental concerns. Comprehending these processes is crucial for well-informed policy formulation with the objective of attaining a healthy equilibrium between economic success and environmental sustainability. Further investigation is required to explore these associations in greater depth, considering improvements in technology, the efficacy of policies, and variances across different regions, with the aim of promoting a more environmentally friendly and sustainable future.
Energy-Saving Speed Planning for Electric Vehicles Based on RHRL in Car following Scenarios
Authors: Xu Haochen , Zhang Niaona , Li Zonghao , Zhuo Zichang , Zhang Ye , Zhang Yilei , Ding Haitao
Published: November 2023

Eco-driving is a driving vehicle strategy aimed at minimizing energy consumption; that is, it is a method to improve vehicle efficiency by optimizing driving behavior without making any hardware changes, especially for autonomous vehicles. To enhance energy efficiency across various driving scenarios, including road slopes, car following scenarios, and traffic signal interactions, this research introduces an energy-conserving speed planning approach for self-driving electric vehicles employing reinforcement learning. This strategy leverages vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication to acquire real-time data regarding traffic signal timing, leading vehicle speeds, and other pertinent driving conditions. In the framework of rolling horizon reinforcement learning (RHRL), predictions are made in each window using a rolling time domain approach. In the evaluation stage, Q-learning is used to obtain the optimal evaluation value, so that the vehicle can reach a reasonable speed. In conclusion, the algorithm’s efficacy is confirmed through vehicle simulation, with the results demonstrating that reinforcement learning adeptly modulates vehicle speed to minimize energy consumption, all while taking into account factors like road grade and maintaining a secure following distance from the preceding vehicle. Compared with the results of traditional adaptive cruise control (ACC), the algorithm can save 11.66% and 30.67% of energy under two working conditions.
Digitalization and Sustainability in Linear Projects Trends: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Lozano-Ramírez Natalia E. , Sánchez Omar , Carrasco-Beltrán Daniela , Vidal-Méndez Sofía , Castañeda Karen
Published: November 2023

Linear infrastructure projects, including roads, tunnels, and railroads, are vital for the socioeconomic advancement of regions and nations. Given their large scale, these projects require significant resources, leading to substantial environmental impacts and demanding the collaboration of professionals from multiple disciplines. In this context, it is essential to adopt strategies that favor digitalization to enhance the sustainability of such projects by automating the analysis of various alternatives. Despite the proliferation of studies in this area, there needs to be more research synthesizing the main trends in digitalization and sustainability in linear projects. Given this knowledge gap, this study focuses on identifying and analyzing the main trends in digitalization and sustainability in the context of linear infrastructure projects. To this end, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of a selected set of papers has been carried out. The research method follows five main steps: (1) scope definition, (2) selection of bibliometric analysis techniques, (3) data collection, (4) bibliometric analysis execution, and (5) evidence analysis and synthesis. An analysis of 419 documents was done, applying performance analysis and scientific mapping techniques. The results reveal that trends in digitalization and sustainability in linear projects can be categorized into five main clusters: road construction, road administration, life cycle analysis, digitalization of linear infrastructure, and sustainable development, leading this line of research towards computer-aided design technologies such as BIM, GIS, and computer vision to study sustainable development throughout the whole life cycle analysis of linear infrastructure projects.
Evaluation of Biodegradability of Polylactic Acid and Compostable Bags from Food Waste under Industrial Composting
Authors: Maragkaki Angeliki , Malliaros Nikitas G. , Sampathianakis Ioannis , Lolos Theofanis , Tsompanidis Christos , Manios Thrassyvoulos
Published: November 2023

To reduce plastic pollution, biodegradable plastics have been introduced to the market to replace petroleum-based plastics. This work investigates the biodegradation/disintegration of pure poly-L-lactic acid (PLLAB2B), composed of food waste (FW), and PLLAB2B bags, under industrial composting conditions, in order to determine whether they are compostable and to examine compost quality. In order to study the biodegradation, pure PLLAB2B was degraded in laboratory conditions and bag samples were put into simulation systems using windrow technology. Phytotoxicity tests were carried out for every compost sample and high germination values were found (97–103.8%). The pure PLLA reached an average biodegradation value of 100.2 ± 3.7% and a disintegration value of 100.0 ± 0.0%, resulting in biodegradable mature compost. After a seven week composting trial, the bag samples had fully decomposed. The samples had no influence on compost characteristics and there were no visually perceptible changes to the compost. Therefore, we suggest that food waste bioplastic can be used as a potential eco-material for compostable bags, one which could be used in industrial composting units and which offers degradable active materials with low environmental impact.
Kaolinite-Composited Biochar and Hydrochar as Low-Cost Adsorbents for the Removal of Cadmium, Copper, Lead, and Zinc from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Al-Swadi Hamed A. , Al-Farraj Abdullah S. , Al-Wabel Mohammad I. , Ahmad Munir , Ahmad Jahangir , Mousa Mohammed Awad , Rafique Muhammad Imran , Usama Muhammad
Published: November 2023

During the last decade, due to an increase in anthropogenic activities, a higher environmental accumulation of heavy metals has been found, which has resulted in disturbed biogeochemical balance. Many kinds of remediation techniques have been practiced to mitigate heavy metal toxicity in the aqueous phase; however, adsorption is the most commonly accepted technique for efficient heavy metal removal. In this study, conocarpus waste was pretreated with 0%, 10%, and 20% kaolinite and pyrolyzed at 600 °C for 1 h to synthesize biochars (BC, BCK10, and BCK20, respectively), while hydrothermalized at 200 °C for 6 h to synthesize hydrochars (HC, HCK10, and HCK20, respectively). After characterization, synthesized materials were employed for the removal of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) from contaminated water. Experimental data was further subjected to isotherm and kinetic models to estimate the adsorption mechanism. Among all the tested adsorbents, kaolinite-synthesized materials revealed comparatively higher adsorption compared to pristine materials. It was found that pH 7 was optimum for the maximum removal of tested heavy metals. Adsorption of tested heavy metals was well explained by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, while pseudo-second order and Elovich kinetics models fitted well for adsorption kinetics. The maximum adsorption capacity, as predicted by the Langmuir isotherm, was the highest for BCK20 (63.19 mg g−1 for Cd, 228.05 mg g−1 for Cu, 248.33 mg g−1 for Pb, and 45.79 mg g−1 for Zn) compared to the other tested materials, and for HCK20 (31.93 mg g−1 for Cd, 181.78 mg g−1 for Cu, 231.85 mg g−1 for Pb, and 45.72 mg g−1), it was higher than pristine HC. Isotherm and kinetics modeling data indicated that multiple mechanisms were involved in Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn removal, such as chemisorption and electrostatic interactions. The amount of oxygen-containing surface functional groups and SiO2 particles could be responsible for the maximum adsorption of heavy metals by BCK20 and HCK20. Our findings suggest that biochar, hydrochar, and their kaolinite-modified composites possess the excellent potential to remove heavy metals from contaminated aqueous media, and could be further applied to treat wastewater to mitigate heavy metal toxicity for a sustainable environment.
The Effect of Clearing Diseased Wood on the Soil’s Physicochemical Properties in Black Pine Forests
Authors: Wu Chuchen , Tu Chengyi , Wang Zhengyu , Fan Jingjing , Lv Zhenglin , Fan Ying
Published: November 2023

Clearing diseased wood is a common measure used to reduce the continued spread of pine wilt disease and prevent infecting other pines. However, the impact of clearing diseased wood on the physicochemical properties of the soil is still unclear. To elucidate this matter, we conducted a series of soil experiments and observations in Changdao, mainly focused on uncut black pine, cut black pine, and the inter-forest zone. The results showed the following. (1) The soil beneath the forest underwent a transition towards the characteristics of forest and grassland after clearing diseased wood, which indicated a potential shift in the ecosystem’s structure and function. (2) Clearing diseased wood led to an increase in the soil pH of 0.15, indicating that it facilitated the recovery of acidic soil. (3) The clearing of diseased wood can coarsen the soil’s texture. Moreover, it effectively reduced the surface soil temperature (0–20 cm) in summer by 1.52 °C, as well as significantly decreasing the surface (0–20 cm) soil moisture in spring and summer by 1.3% and 2.43%, respectively. (4) Clearing diseased wood clearing can effectively modify the content of essential nutrients in the soil. It reduced the available nitrogen by 26.86 mg·kg−1, increased the available phosphorus by 0.57 mg·kg−1, and decreased the available potassium by 1.68 mg·kg−1. Meanwhile, clearing diseased wood exacerbated soil salinization and increased the soil’s salt content by 0.70 g·kg−1. The findings of this study provide scientific solutions for the sustainable ecological development of black pine forests in Changdao.
Analyzing the Direction of Urban Function Renewal Based on the Complex Network
Authors: Cheng Jing , Luo Xiaowei
Published: November 2023

Urban function renewal is essential for modern megacities’ urban planning and economic developments. This paper investigates the urban function renewal in Shenzhen, China based on a complex network method. According to the points of interest and the location quotient, the dominant urban functions in each district are discussed. After computing conditional probability, the interdependence of urban functions is analyzed. The complex networks of the functions and the corresponding clusters are presented to examine the relationship and the overall features of the functions, and the features of the function clusters, respectively. The average degree and average weighted degree of the main function categories of the functions are computed to explore the features of the function classification. The urban functions’ renewal potential index is calculated to show the potential of the non-dominant functions renewing to the dominant ones in the coming years. The difficulty index of the urban function renewal in each district is presented, and the difficulty degree of the original d-ominant function group renewing to a new one is obtained. The results show that more dominant urban functions have a significant probability of being dominant ones in a district; the functions of hotels and life services are essential in the planning and development in Shenzhen; and the districts with better economic levels have greater values of the difficulty of the urban function renewal. Then, the function renewal direction in Shenzhen is analyzed, and some policy implications are given.
Political Connection and Environmental Protection Investment: A Study Based on Ownership Difference
Authors: Qi Yunfei , Niu Chengzhi , He Hong
Published: November 2023

Using data from listed firms in the pollution-intensive industries in China from 2009 to 2019 and taking into account ownership differences, our study examines the causal effect of political connections on environmental protection investment behavior. To deal with the potential endogeneity concern, we created a quasi-natural experiment based on an anti-corruption campaign in China that prohibited officials from holding business positions. Our results indicate that political connections increase environmental protection investment in state-owned firms, primarily when the politically connected director (is affiliated) participates in the firm’s daily operations. However, in non-state-owned firms, political connections hinder environmental protection investment, and, furthermore, investment decreases as the administration level of the politically connected directors increases. Additionally, we also found that local regulatory intensity strengthens the impact of political connections on environmental protection investment. While the study uses China’s firms as the sample, the findings may also apply to other emerging economies.
Solar Energy Utilization Potential in Urban Residential Blocks: A Case Study of Wuhan, China
Authors: Jin Shiyu , Zhang Hui , Huang Xiaoxi , Yan Junle , Yu Haibo , Gao Ningcheng , Jia Xueying , Wang Zhengwei
Published: November 2023

In dense, energy-demanding urban areas, the effective utilization of solar energy resources, encompassing building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems and solar water heating (SWH) systems inside buildings, holds paramount importance for addressing concerns related to carbon emission reduction and the balance of energy supply and demand. This study aimed to examine the interplay between urban residential blocks and their solar energy potential, with the objective of promoting environmentally sustainable development within urban residential areas. The primary focus of this study was the hot summer and cold winter zone of China, which serves as a representative case study. Methodologically, we employed Rhinoceros and Grasshopper (GH) software version GH6.0 tools to simulate the solar radiation potential within residential blocks and translated this information into the potential utilization of BIPV and SWH systems. Subsequently, our focus was directed towards identifying optimal locations for mounting BIPV modules and water heaters on roofs and building façades. The study results revealed the following: (1) The floor area ratio (FAR), building density (BD), average building height (ABH), and space layout (SL) exerted substantial influences on the solar potential of a residential block, with correlations of up to 75%, 71%, 78%, and 50%, respectively, concerning the overall solar potential of the entire plot. (2) It is essential to emphasize that, with regard to the BIPV installation potential, façades account for 80% of the overall residential block potential, whereas rooftops contribute only 20%. Both south- and west-facing façades exhibited a BIPV installation ratio of approximately 34%. (3) In the realm of solar water heating, the potential for installations on building façades accounted for 77% of the total living area of the residential blocks, 23% on the rooftops, and 35% on the south-facing façades. This study furnishes practical guidelines for harnessing the potential of BIPV and SWH systems within residential blocks, thereby contributing to the advancement of sustainable urban development practices.
Why Do Older Adults Feel Negatively about Artificial Intelligence Products? An Empirical Study Based on the Perspectives of Mismatches
Authors: Hong Wenjia , Liang Changyong , Ma Yiming , Zhu Junhong
Published: November 2023

Artificial intelligence products (AIPs) for older adults enhance the functions of traditional products and improve the quality of their lives. However, AIPs are not popular among this population, and limited attempts have been made to investigate these users’ negative tendencies regarding AIPs. This study explores the causes of avoidance and exit behaviors toward AIPs among older people from both a functional and socio-emotional mismatch perspective. Data were collected from 1102 older AIP users to verify the research model and hypotheses. The results indicate that perceived control and expectation disconfirmation affect the functional mismatch, while public stigma has the greatest impact on the socio-emotional mismatch. Furthermore, the results highlight a mixed influence of the functional and socio-emotional mismatches on negative behaviors. This study explores older people’s negative tendencies toward AIPs, comprehensively considering the functions of AIPs and the socio-emotions they evoke. Thus, it provides new empirical evidence for the systematic relationship between the functional mismatch and the socio-emotional mismatch and fills the research gap on the influence on the subsequent behaviors of older adults. Additionally, this study sheds light on the specific methods of designing, developing, and promoting AIPs.
Klasifikasi Pemenuhan Pilar Sanitasi Puskesmas Menggunakan Metode Naive Bayes
Authors: Syam Muhammad Farhan , Hayati Lilis Nur , Syafie Lukman
Published: November 2023

Sanitasi merupakan usaha dalam menjaga kebersihan serta kondisi lingkungan sekitar. Dalam memenuhi pilar sanitasi di setiap wilayah pastinya kita juga membutuhkan peran instansi kesehatan untuk melakukan pemicuan dan pemberian edukasi. Pada desa area lingkup puskesmas Bontomangape diketahui bahwa pemenuhan pilar sanitasi masih belum merata. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penulis bermaksud untuk melakukan klasifikasi pemenuhan pilar sanitasi puskesmas menggunakan metode Naive Bayes sehingga hasil klasifikasi tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai tolak ukur desa yang perlu diprioritaskan oleh petugas sanitasi. Adapun hasil klasifikasi diperoleh sebanyak 55 terlaksana dan 20 tidak terlaksana untuk desa Bontomangape, 70 terlaksana dan 5 tidak terlaksana untuk desa Campagaya, 60 terlaksana dan 15 tidak terlaksana untuk desa Kalenna, 45 terlaksana dan 30 tidak terlaksana untuk desa Parambambe, 52 terlaksana dan 23 tidak terlaksana untuk desa Parangmata, 64 terlaksana dan 11 tidak terlaksana untuk desa Parasangangberu, serta 57 terlaksana dan 18 terlaksana untuk desa Pattinoang. Adapun hasil klasifikasi memperoleh rata-rata nilai accuracy sebesar 95,81%, nilai precision sebesar 94,78% dan nilai recall sebesar 100%.
Klasifikasi Kematangan Pisang Menggunakan Metode Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Hanifah Afifah Inas , Hermawan Arief
Published: November 2023

Pisang merupakan tumbuhan asli yang berasal dari kawasan Asia Tenggara dan termasuk dalam genus Musa serta family musaceae. Pisang tumbuh di daerah tropis dan subtropis serta merupakan salah satu komoditas pertanian dengan produksi paling besar dibandingkan buah lainnya. Indonesia merupakan salah satu penghasil pisang terbesar di dunia. Hasil panen tersebut kemudian dipilah berdasarkan tingkat kematangan dengan melihat dari perubahan warna kulit pisang. Namun, proses pemilahan buah pisang membutuhkan waktu dan tenaga yang tidak sedikit karena produksi buah pisang yang banyak. Dan setiap orang mempunyai perbedaan penilaian terhadap perubahan warna kulit pisang sehingga mengakibatkan hasil yang tidak konsisten. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini membuat sistem klasifikasi tingkat kematangan buah pisang berdasarkan perubahan warna kulit dengan tujuan proses pemiliahan tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan cepat dan akurat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) dengan arsitektur buatan sendiri. Hasil penelitian telah mendapatkan akurasi sebesar 88% dengan learning rate sebesar 0,001 dan maksimal 15 epoch.
Dukungan Keluarga Dengan Kemandirian Lansia Dalam Pemenuhan Aktivitas Sehari-Hari Kelurahan Maleber Puskesmas Garuda
Authors: Puspitasari Sinta , Husni Achmad , Meilianingsih Lia
Published: November 2023

Menurut laporan tahunan Pukesmas Garuda tahun 2022 terdapat jumlah lansia sebesar 7,982 jiwa yang didalamnya terdapat lansia pada kelurahan Maleber sebanyak 3.227 jiwa. Berdasarkan jumlah lansia yang cukup tinggi, masalah kesehatan pada lansiapun banyak ditemukan, yang menyebabkan lansia menjadi ketergantungan pada orang lain terutama pada keluarga. Riset ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan keluarga degan kemandirian lanjut usia dalam pemenuhan aktivita sehari-hari di Kelurahan Maleber. Desain yang digunakan adalah rancangan korelasional dengan desain analitik pendekatan cross sectional. Tehnik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah Simple Random Samppling dengan melibatkan 42 responden. Instrumen yang digunakan merupakan kuisioner dukungan keluarga dan kuisioner kemandirian lansia. Uji Chi Square dengan SPSS yang digunakan pada riset ini. Dihasilkan nilai p value (0,00) < 0,05 = H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan kemandirian lansia dalam pemenuhan aktivitas sehari-hari. Nilai phi sebesar 0,80 yang bermakna kekuatan hubungan sangat besar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian direkomendasikan kepada pihak puskesmas program perkesmas dan Poli lansia dapat memberikan intervensi berupa pendidikan kesehatan kepada keluarga yang memiliki lansia dan kepada lansia itu sendiri mengenai dukungan keluarga dan kemandirian lansia.
Le récit de Tite-Live de la bataille de Zama
Authors: Burgeon Christophe
Published: November 2023

Le compte rendu livien du combat est guidé par son sens historique, mais aussi par son élan patriotique et rhétorique. Ainsi, le texte de Polybe a, dans l’Ab Vrbe condita, été amendé à plusieurs reprises, tant pour des raisons stylistiques qu’idéologiques, tout en oeuvrant à rendre le conflit romano-punique de Zama intelligible. C’est essentiellement par des moyens rhétoriques que Tite-Live a dessiné les esquisses d’un schéma dialectique faisant ressortir encore davantage la concordia romaine. À Zama, il s’est attaché à démontrer, au-delà de la victoire d’un général sur un autre, la supériorité romaine sur le régime de Carthage et a mis l’accent sur la cohésion de l’armée de Scipion. Chez Tite-Live, plus encore que chez Polybe, c’est le règne de l’unité militaire, rendue possible par le rassemblement de citoyens autour d’une identité commune, qui a assuré les succès de Rome. Dans la représentation organiciste de la cité qui était sienne, le Padouan a placé les comportements collectifs au coeur de l’histoire.
Sabûhî Ahmed Dede'nin Mesnevî Şerhinde Kullandığı Kaynaklar
Authors: KORKMAZ Ayşe
Published: November 2023

Mevlânâ'nın XIII. yüzyılda Farsça kaleme aldığı Mesnevî, Türk kültüründe büyük bir yer edinmiş sayılı eserlerdendir. İçerisinde pek çok tasavvufî bilgi gizleyen bu eserin, okuyucular tarafından doğru anlaşılabilmesi için XV. yüzyıldan itibaren Mesnevî şerhleri yazılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu şerhler; şârihin ilmî, dinî, tasavvufî birikimine göre farklılık gösterse de temelde kullandıkları kaynaklar örtüşmektedir. Başta dinî-tasavvufî kaynaklar olmak üzere; gramer kitapları, lügatler, manzum eserler, tarih ve biyografi eserleri gibi pek çok kaynağın bu şerhlerde temel kaynak olarak kullanıldığını görmekteyiz. Mesnevî şerhlerinden biri olan Sabûhî Ahmed Dede tarafından yazılmış İhtiyârât-ı Sabûhî'de de diğer şerhlerde kullanılan kaynakların birçoğunu görebilmek mümkündür. Sabûhî, hem almış olduğu iyi eğitim sayesinde hem de kendi birikimi neticesinde eserinde çok sayıda dinî-tasavvufî ve edebî kaynak kullanmıştır. Bu çalışmada İhtiyârât-ı Sabûhî adlı Mesnevî şerhinde kullanılan kaynaklar örneklerle açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.