bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of an Automated Testbench for Functional Testing of Dosing Unit
Authors: RAUT Pratiksha C , Ottikkutti Pradheepram , Phadke Abhijit Narahari , Magar Vijay A.
Published: December 2024

Increasingly stringent emission regulations continue to be legislated around the world to significantly minimize pollutants released to the air by internal combustion engines. After Treatment Systems (ATS) meant for reducing oxides of nitrogen (NOx) in the exhaust into non-harmful species have evolved at a rapid pace over the past two decades. Stringent emissions requirements have driven complex ATS architecture through sensors to measure delta-pressure, NOx, and temperatures. Accurate and precise performance of individual components as well as the integrated ATS is required to ensure regulatory compliance and efficient performance. Both of which require substantial amounts of performance and validation testing. Manufacturers have been developing the ability to accurately and efficiently test the ATS components. To meet the norms for tail pipe or stack emissions of NOx in ‘as new’ condition and during the entire ‘emissions useful life (EUL)’ of the ATS, all components of an ATS must perform with high accuracy, every single time. A well designed ‘automated testbench’ ensures better accuracy in testing the functionality of many parts of the ATS, as rapidly as possible.

Dosing Unit (DU), also known as the Urea Dosing Unit, in the ATS is responsible for delivering urea as needed into the exhaust airstream thereby helping in the reduction of NOx from the tail pipe or exhaust stack in the SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction). This paper describes the development of an automated testbench to validate the performance of the dosing unit. The test bench is designed such that both new and used (returned from field) ATS can be tested or evaluated for performance. The automated testbench for urea dosing has been developed at the Cummins Technical Center in India (CTCI) keeping in mind the needs for similar testbenches for Cummins use in other parts of the world. The test bench design, build, and test process and protocol have been formulated such that the same test bench can be used to test urea dosing units to meet emission standards defined by EPA, CARB, EURO, NS, and other international standards.
Numerical Simulation of Cooling Plates/Tubes of BTMS of Electric Vehicles by Changing Internal Structure and Coolant Mass Flow Rate
Authors: Parayil Paulson , Ahmad Taufeeq , Dagar Aakash , Goel Arunkumar
Published: December 2024

The lithium-ion battery is the most common type of batteries in modern electric vehicles. During vehicle operation and battery charging, the temperature of the battery cells increases. The temperature of any battery must be controlled and maintained within a specified range to ensure maximum efficiency. Considering the overall thermal effect on the battery, a battery cooling system is of great importance in electric vehicles to maintain the temperature of the battery cells inside the battery pack. There are different types of systems for battery cooling, out of which the water cooled systems are very popular. They use a mixture of water and ethylene glycol to absorb heat from the battery cells. The coolant circulates through the tubes or cold plates surrounded by the cells to absorb the heat.

The paper involves the study of variation on temperature and pressure drop including overall thermal performance on the batteries by changing the internal structure. The temperature of battery packs have to be maintained within a range of 25 °C to 40 °C for better performance. This is done by changing the design of coolant channel and varying the mass flow rate of coolant in the tubes. Compressible fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis has been carried out on various designs and operating parameters. Heat source is defined on the cells as input thermal load to find out the temperature distribution/variation in the battery cells. From the findings, the total heat transfer and temperature distribution on the battery cell at different parameters has been predicted, followed by comparison of the results. Since the coolant flow rate is also varied, the pressure drop variation inside the tubes has also been studied. By changing the design of coolant channels, the improvement in the thermal performance of batteries is compared for different mass flow rate, fed as input. Hyper mesh has been used for the meshing and surface cleanup. STAR CCM+ has been used for CFD analysis and post processing of the results.
An Intelligent Estimation of Dynamic Vehicle Mass for Electric Vehicle
Authors: Pandey Suchit , Sarkar Prasanta , Sawhney Chandan , Kondhare Manish , Joshi Pawan , CH Sri Ram
Published: December 2024

Dynamic Vehicle mass is one of the most critical parameters in automotive controls such as battery management, transmission shift scheduling, distance-to-empty predictions and most importantly, various active and passive safety systems. This work aims to find out dynamic Vehicle mass for Electric Vehicles in real time transient driving conditions. The work proposes a real-time approach in finding Dynamic vehicle mass where accumulated Energy based vehicle performance, an improvement to the vehicle dynamics equation, has been employed for consistent and accurate results. Factors affecting vehicle mass such as road grade, dynamic friction coefficient, driving pattern, wheel slip etc. have been considered for model optimization. Here recursive Bayesian state estimator has been used for finding vehicle mass as a constant state variable while time varying forgetting factors are used to nullify the impact of major losses. Algorithm is auto tuned using Machine Learning techniques to first find out stable driving conditions and subsequently go for model application to converge towards the end results. The performance of the proposed vehicle mass estimator is validated against several groups of payload in varying surrounding conditions. The results demonstrate that the output of the model is well within 10% to 15% error in all such cases and consistent results are obtained for more than 90% of the test scenarios.
Kalman-Based Estimation of Remaining Battery Discharge Run-Time and Run-Distance for Electrified off-Highway Vehicle Using Battery Parameters
Authors: Narwade Supriya , Sarda Tejal
Published: December 2024

Electrification in off-highway vehicles faces several challenges due to the unique requirements and operational features of heavy-duty applications. Key challenges include power demand, limited range, weight, size, and the costs associated with electrification. Lithium-based batteries have limited capacity and range, and heavy-duty operations can rapidly drain the battery's power. Managing battery power for these operations requires careful planning and optimization of the vehicle's energy consumption to ensure efficient utilization of the battery's capacity. In electric off-highway vehicles, the remaining battery discharge run-time is closely related to the management of operational applications in the field. The utilization of battery power for heavy operations can be enhanced by estimating battery run-time and run distance during operation, which can then be displayed on the vehicle’s display unit. This facilitates the operator's understanding of how much longer the battery can remain useful under the same load. Similarly, if the run distance is known, the predicted distance the vehicle can travel under current load conditions can be calculated. This information aids in planning activities for off-highway equipment. The paper explores the estimation of both parameters using Moving Average Filter and Kalman estimation methods. Key battery parameters, such as Battery State of Charge, Battery Voltage, Instantaneous Battery Current, and Actual Vehicle Speed, are utilized. The results of both methods were compared, revealing that Kalman-based estimation is more accurate with actual field data. It also effectively handles dynamic load situations and instantaneous spikes in the vehicle.
Optimization and Regression Modeling of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining for Cupronickel Material
Authors: Natarajan Manikandan , D Palanisamy , Pasupuleti Thejasree , A Gnanarathinam , Umapathi D , Silambarasan R
Published: December 2024

Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) is a highly accurate machining method that is well-known for its capacity to create complex forms in conductive materials with exceptional precision. Cupronickel, a hard material consisting of copper, nickel, and additional components, is widely employed in marine, automotive, and electrical engineering fields because of its exceptional ability to resist corrosion and conduct heat. The intention of this study is to optimize the parameters of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) for Cupronickel material and create regression models to accurately forecast the performance of the machining process. An exploration was carried out to analyze the influence of important parameters in wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM), namely pulse-on time, pulse-off time, and applied current on key performance indicators such as material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (Ra). The methodology of design of experiments (DOE) enabled a systematic exploration of parameters. Regression models were created using statistical methods to ascertain the connections between process parameters and performance indicators. These models offer a prognostic tool for optimizing WEDM parameters and attaining desired machining results. The results exhibited the efficacy of the regression models in accurately forecasting the machining performance for Cupronickel material. The models provide valuable insights into the most effective parameter configurations for maximizing machining efficiency and surface quality. Manufacturers can improve machining productivity and quality in precision engineering applications by utilizing regression models, thereby facilitating the wider implementation of WEDM technology.
Optimization of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining Parameters for Invar 36 Material Using Regression Modeling
Authors: Natarajan Manikandan , Pasupuleti Thejasree , Kiruthika Jothi , Krishnamachary PC , Silambarasan R
Published: December 2024

Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) is an advanced method of machining that provides distinct benefits in machining materials with high hardness and intricate geometries. Invar 36, a nickel-iron alloy with a lower coefficient of thermal expansion, is widely used in the aerospace, automotive, and electronic industries because of its excellent dimensional stability across a broad range of temperatures. The main objectives are to optimize the machining parameters and create regression models that can accurately predict the key performance indicators. Experimental trials were performed utilizing a WEDM setup to machine Invar 36 under various machining conditions, such as pulse-on time, pulse-off time, current setting percentage (%). The machining performance was evaluated by measuring the material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (Ra). The design of experiment method (DOE) was utilized to systematically investigate the parameter space and determine the most effective machining settings. Regression models were constructed utilizing statistical methodologies to corroborate correlation amid independent factors and output metrics, enabling accurate prediction of machining performance. This study enhances the comprehension of WEDM of Invar 36 material and offers valuable insights into how machining parameters affect the results of the process. The empirical relationship that have been developed for providing a beneficial tool for optimizing the WEDM variables and improving the effectiveness of the machining process, while also ensuring that the preferred surface quality is achieved in components made of Invar 36. This research promotes the utilization of WEDM as a practical manufacturing method for Invar 36-based applications, thus contributing to progress in precision engineering and materials processing.
Enhancing Testing and Simulation with Virtualized Base Software
Authors: Shenoy Ganesh , Malchow Florian
Published: December 2024

The fusion of virtualized base software with simulation technologies has transformed the methods used for development and system testing. This paper examines the architecture, implementation, and advantages of employing virtualization to improve simulation environments. Virtualized base software enables the creation of isolated, scalable, and replicable settings, essential for executing complex simulations that replicate real-world situations. Utilizing virtualization enhances simulations by making them more efficient, flexible, and cost-effective.

The study covers the essential elements of virtualized simulation platforms, such as containerization, network abstraction and virtual drivers. It also analyzes how these components collaborate to create a strong framework for simulating diverse applications, ranging from software testing to hardware emulation. This approach offers several benefits, including better resource utilization, quicker deployment times, and the flexibility to easily modify and scale simulations to meet different needs.

With Software Defined Vehicle (SDV) becoming today’s reality, the need to continuously verify and validate software components independent from specific target deployments is challenging traditional testing approaches. Virtualization allows for high degree of scalability, enabling Continuous Testing (CT) with fast feedback cycles for verification and validation.

Through case studies and experimental results, the paper showcases the practical uses of virtualized simulation, emphasizing its influence on industries like automotive and aerospace. The findings indicate that virtualized base software not only improves the accuracy and reliability of simulations but also substantially cuts down the time and cost compared to traditional testing methods.

In conclusion, the integration of virtualization technologies with simulation platforms represents a significant advancement in the field, offering substantial benefits in terms of performance, scalability, and cost-efficiency. Future research directions include exploring more advanced virtualization techniques, improving interoperability between different simulation tools, and expanding the use of virtualized simulations in emerging technologies.
Correlation Study for Radial Lash in Sliding Bushings of a Steering System
Authors: Badduri Jaideep , Pandey Ashish
Published: December 2024

Investigation of clunking noise in a steering system fitted into a test vehicle indicated radial lash in sliding bushings, which are press fitted into housings, as one of the possible causes for clunk. To study the behavior of sliding bush under the influence of assembly clamp loads, manufacturing tolerances and road loads, sliding bushings are modelled in more detail in the steering system finite element models. Further for correlating the bushing measurements from test vehicle to the finite element model, a radial lash output is derived which is not directly available in finite element software. Finally, the correlated model is used to assess the updated design and check for radial lash improvement.
Investigation on Thermal Performance of Battery Cooling Plate for Lithium-Ion Battery
Authors: K Muthukrishnan , S Saikrishna , K Keshavbalaje
Published: December 2024

Electric vehicles are regarded to be the most effective way to lower emissions of greenhouse gases from the transportation industry. Lithium-ion batteries are rechargeable and ideally suited for vehicle electrification due to their high specific energy and energy density in comparison to other batteries. Electric vehicle performance greatly depends on the efficient operation of lithium-ion battery. Battery thermal management plays a crucial role in ensuring optimum vehicle operation. Heat dissipation from the battery should be dealt with, for safe operation and to prolong the battery life cycle. To achieve the battery’s optimal temperature, an efficient cooling system should be established. The battery cooling plate is an essential component that is necessary for heat transfer from the battery pack to the coolant. Five different battery cooling plates with linear dimple, staggered dimple, straight channel, wave channel and splitter channel are modeled for computational fluid dynamics simulation. Models are compared based on pressure drop, fluid velocity and temperature distribution. Based on the results, the model with optimum performance is found for application in battery thermal management system. Linear dimple channel for battery thermal plates provides less pressure drop which leads to less power consumption compared to other channels. Thus, reducing the work done by the pump will increase the range of electric vehicles.
Study of Impact Forces on Wheel Rim from Pothole Impacts and Improvement of Flange Design to Eliminate Wheel Bend
Authors: Thiyagarajan Sriram , Jithendhar A , Singh Ram Krishnan , Sundaram Raghupathi , Paua Ketan
Published: December 2024

Typically, an automotive passenger car wheel rim can withstand gradual loading contributed from the vehicle during cornering and high-speed maneuvering and as per the standard as well as customer requirements wheel has to withstand some impact forced contributed from radial and inclined loading. But in some cased wheel rim may not withstand the impact forces generated during impact on potholes and curbs with high-speed maneuvering. This Study helps to understand the impact on wheel rim and the forces acting on the rim flanges during pothole impact and high-speed curb impact. For In this study author tends to explain about the design of the rim flanges considering the impact forces the wheel rims are exposed to during pothole impact. Also in this study, road load data for a double pothole impact in electric vehicle with lightest alloy wheel rim in the segment is acquired to understand the loads acting on the rim. Based on the simulation iterations with several design changes and improvements on the flanges by increasing cross section as well as not compromising too much on the weight of the wheel rim design solution is identified. Simulation co relation for alloy wheels are not close to 100%, So the design solution is implemented for the proto part production and the same parts were tested in this double pothole impact and the wheel bend is eliminated.
Comprehend Dynamic Behaviour of Vehicle Body for Refined NVH Performance
Authors: Titave Uttam Vasant , Zalaki Nitin , Naidu Sudhakara
Published: December 2024

Modal performance of a vehicle body often influences tactile vibrations felt by passengers as well as their acoustic comfort inside the cabin at low frequencies. This paper focuses on a premium hatchback’s development program where a design-intent initial batch of proto-cars were found to meet their targeted NVH performance. However, tactile vibrations in pre-production pilot batch vehicles were found to be of higher intensity.

As a resolution, a method of cascading full vehicle level performance to its Body-In-White (BIW) component level was used to understand dynamic behavior of the vehicle and subsequently, to improve structural weakness of the body to achieve the targeted NVH performance. The cascaded modal performance indicated that global bending stiffness of the pre-production bodies was on the lower side w.r.t. that of the design intent body.

To identify the root cause, design sensitivity of number and footprint of weld spots, roof bows’ and headers’ attachment stiffness to BIW, panel gages, body pillars joints’ attachment stiffness etc. was conducted using CAE tools. Identified structural weaknesses were converted into optimum design solutions, which were then validated using Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA). The proposed structural modifications in the body showed good improvement in the idle tactile vibrations and overall NVH of all production vehicles, validating the whole approach.
Real Time Vehicle State Estimation Using Error Map Function
Authors: Kumar Avinash , Asthana Shivam , Rasal Shraddhesh , M Sudhan , Vellandi Vikraman
Published: December 2024

The estimation of vehicle handling and control parameters in dynamic conditions is challenging due to errors and delays in real-time data logging with low-resolution onboard sensors. These issues significantly impact the performance of vehicle stability and control algorithms, particularly in vehicles under testing. This study presents error mapping concept parallel to statistical error method for real-time vehicle state estimation that addresses the limitations of low-resolution sensors with errors and delays in measured signal.

In this study, a real-time (RT) model is developed and trained with in-house electric SUV to estimate yaw velocity and slip angle. The model leverages other measured signals available from the vehicle’s onboard sensor setup. It integrates an error and delay function with error predictive model to estimate the targeted parameter signal response in real time. The RT model introduces an error function method that enhances prediction accuracy by combining the error map value with the error weight of the target signal. The error function for the target signal filters systematic and trend errors from vehicle measurement data, accounting for vehicle specifications and environmental conditions. The error model generalizes to predict target signal errors under various maneuvers. Model training and error mapping is iterative, have performed using on-track test logs from two data sources. In each iteration, the error map is refined by assigning error weights to parameters, making the model adaptive to evolve error characteristics in future training sessions. This process can enhance the model's accuracy and reliability across different driving conditions. The initial model validation has been performed with ISO ramp steer and ISO chirp tests, demonstrate the direction and scope for enhancing real-time vehicle state estimation using error map function at lower cost.
Steel, Carburizing Grade, Bars, Forgings, Mechanical Tubing and Forging Stock, Aircraft Quality, 1.2Cr - 3.2Ni - 0.12Mo (0.14 - 0.20C) (9317)
Authors:   AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Published: December 2024

This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of bars, forgings, mechanical tubing, and forging stock.
Steel, Nitriding, Bars, Forgings, Mechanical Tubing, and Forging Stock 1.6Cr - 0.35Mo - 1.13Al (0.38 - 0.43C) (135 Mod) Aircraft Quality
Authors:   AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Published: December 2024

This specification covers an aircraft-quality nitriding grade low-alloy steel in the form of bars, forgings, mechanical tubing, and forging stock.
Bearings, Roller, Needle, Airframe, Antifriction, Inch
Authors:   ACBG Rolling Element Bearing Committee
Published: December 2024

This standard covers the requirements for non-separable, airframe antifriction needle bearings and corrosion-resistant and traditional materials intended for use in flight vehicle control systems with radial loads.
OBD-II Scan Tool - Second Generation Protocols
Authors:   Vehicle E E System Diagnostic Standards Committee
Published: December 2024

SAE J1978-2 specifies a complementary set of functions to be provided by an OBD-II scan tool. These functions provide complete, efficient access to all regulated OBD services on any vehicle that is compliant with SAE J1979-2 and SAE J1979-3

The content of this document is intended to satisfy the requirements of an OBD-II scan tool as required by current U.S. OBD regulations.

This document specifies:

A means of establishing communications between an OBD-equipped vehicle and an OBD-II scan tool.

A set of diagnostic services to be provided by an OBD-II scan tool in order to exercise the services defined in SAE J1979-2.

The presentation of the SAE J1978 document family, where SAE J1978-2 covers second generation protocol functionality defined in SAE J1979-2, and SAE J1978-1 covers first generation protocol functionality defined in SAE J1979 and protocol determination for both SAE J1979 and SAE J1979-2.

The SAE J1978 document family does not preclude the inclusion of additional capabilities or functions in an OBD-II scan tool. However, it is the responsibility of the OBD-II scan tool designer to ensure that no such capability or function can adversely affect either an OBD-equipped vehicle, which may be connected to the OBD-II scan tool, or an OBD-II scan tool itself.

Differences in the SAE J1978-2 requirements are highlighted by bold italic text in the technical requirements sections of this document.
Evaluation de la qualité des huiles alimentaires utilisées en friture dans la ville de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Authors: Sankara Souleymane , Zio Souleymane , Cisse Hama , Gueye Abdoulaye , Bougma Sibiri , Savadogo Aly
Published: December 2024

Les huiles alimentaires pour friture sont fortement consommées à Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso. Une mauvaise qualité de ces huiles  est responsable de nombreuses maladies notamment les cancers et les maladies cardio-vasculaires. Le but de cette étude était d’évaluer  la qualité des huiles alimentaires pour friture dans la ville de Ouagadougou. Ainsi, douze échantillons d’huiles ont été collectés et les  caractéristiques organoleptiques, les résistances à l’oxydation et les paramètres physicochimiques ont été évaluées par des méthodes  standards. Les résultats ont montré que certaines huiles ne répondaient pas à la réglementation de vente en vigueur. Aussi, seulement  33,33% des échantillons faisaient mentions de l’étiquetage et la date de production, 66,66% pour la date de péremption et 75% pour le  lot. Certaines huiles résistaient très peu à la chaleur avec des temps d’induction au Rancimat faible de 2,71 h et 2,73 h, respectivement.  L’analyse physicochimique avait montré des cas de nonconformités de certaines huiles en ce qui concerne l’indice d’acide, l’indice de  peroxyde et les traces de savon. En conclusion, la qualité des huiles dites de friture, commercialisées dans la ville de Ouagadougou était  moyenne. Il est donc indispensable que l’Etat entreprenne et maintienne des contrôles réguliers de ces huiles afin de préserver la santé  du consommateur. 
 
Evaluation of the quality of edible oils used for frying in the city of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Edible frying oils are  widely consumed in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Poor quality cooking oil is responsible for a number of diseases,  including cancer and  cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of frying oils in the city of Ouagadougou.  Twelve oil samples were collected and their organoleptic characteristics, resistance to oxidation and physicochemical parameters were  assessed using standard methods. The results showed that some oils did not comply with current sales regulations. Only 33.33% of the  samples were labelled with the production date, 66.66% with the expiry date and 75% with the batch number. Some oils had very poor  heat resistance, with low Rancimat induction times of 2.71 h and 2.73 h respectively. Physico-chemical analysis showed that some oils  were non-compliant in terms of acid value, peroxide value and traces of soap. In conclusion, the quality of frying oils marketed in  Ouagadougou remains average. It is therefore essential for the government to undertake and maintain regular checks on these oils in      order to protect consumer health.
Caractérisation des pratiques paysannes post récoltes de stockage et de conservation du maïs (Zea mays, Linné) au sud et au centre du Bénin
Authors: Tonato Olivier , Dannon Elie Ayitondji , Hounsou Saturnin , Chougourou Daniel C.
Published: December 2024

Au Bénin, la protection des stocks de maïs contre les nuisibles reste un problème majeur pour les producteurs. L’objectif de cette étude  était d’identifier les différentes technologies post récoltes de stockage et de conservation adoptées par les maïsiculteurs du sud et centre  du Bénin. Pour cela, une enquête à l’aide d’un questionnaire digitalisé avait été réalisée auprès de 530 maïsiculteurs répartis dans  24 arrondissements de 7 communes du sud et centre du Bénin à raison d’une commune par département. La commune ayant la  plus forte production moyenne en maïs sur les cinq (05) dernières années avait été retenue dans chaque département. L’enquête  quantitative était accompagnée de focus groupes et des observations. Trois modes de stockage de maïs avaient été observés chez les  maïsiculteurs à savoir : en épis avec spathes (64,7%), en épis sans spathes (18,5%) et en grains (16,8%) avec une variation en fonction de  la commune de provenance du producteur (p=0,00). Au total, 24 technologies de stockage et de conservation du maïs dont 4  (technologies D, H1, B2 et D2) principales avaient été identifiées chez l’ensemble des producteurs du sud et centre du Bénin. La plupart  de ces technologies impliquaient les greniers en matériaux locaux et les chambres d’habitation comme structures de stockage et les pesticides chimiques non homologués avec des doses d’application non maîtrisées par les producteurs comme produits de conservation.  Les producteurs justifiaient la forte variabilité des technologies post récoltes de stockage et de conservation observée par  leur statut socioéconomique et l’absence d’accompagnement des conseillers agricoles pendant la conservation du maïs. Il s’avère donc  nécessaire d’organiser des formations sur les techniques post récoltes de stockage et de conservation du maïs afin de réduire les risques  de pertes post récoltes et de rendre disponible le maïs grain de bonne qualité commerciale.
Assessment of Risk Identification Factors on Construction Costs for Tanzania’s Judiciary Construction Projects
Authors: Tumain Noeli
Published: December 2024

This study examines risk identification factors and their impact on construction costs in the Judiciary of Tanzania's projects. Using a mixed methods approach with data from 119 respondents, including project managers and judiciary executives, the researchexplores risk identification and management within a theoretical framework. Findings revealed that a structured risk management approach improves cost control and efficiency, identifying key risk factors such as financial constraints, stakeholder communication gaps, and regulatory challenges. Recommendations include implementing training programs, formalizing risk management policies, and enhancing stakeholder communication. The implication of the research outcome is that the importance of proactive risk management in optimizing resources and achieving successful project outcomes in public-sector construction.
Motivational factors and cultural impact of language immersion programmes: Perspectives from the University of Ghana
Authors: Ofori Josephine Araba Duncan , Kabio-Danlebo Franklina , Annoh-Achampong Mishael
Published: December 2024

Language immersion programmes have been crucial to the curriculum of the Department of Modern Languages at the University of Ghana, allowing students to spend an academic year in countries where target languages are spoken. This research investigates the motivational factors driving student participation and the impact on cultural understanding. Through the use of a survey involving semi-structured questionnaires, it examines the experiences of students in the Spanish Section over the past nine years. Findings show that language immersion programmes enhance cultural understanding and that students are motivated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The study also reveals that language learners from the research setting encounter certain challenges such as financial constraints, adaptation difficulties, and culture shocks that need to be addressed to enhance the effectiveness of these programmes. These insights highlight the need to reassess and expand language immersion opportunities for students at the University of Ghana.
Ghanaian and Nigerian linguistic transfer in the Spanish and Pichi of Equatorial Guinea
Authors: Okine Ewurama
Published: December 2024

This paper discusses lexical evidence of Ghanaian and Nigerian language contact in Spanish and Pichi (an English-lexifier creole), two languages spoken in Equatorial Guinea. Existing research on the lexicon of Equatoguinean Spanish and Pichi has centered primarily on the European and Bantu origins of guineanismos that are loanwords and neologisms in Equatoguinean vocabulary. Despite the geographical proximity between Ghana, Nigeria, and Equatorial Guinea, research on cross-cultural and linguistic connections between these three multilingual countries is scant. This study seeks to fill the gap with an analysis of lexical borrowings gathered from fieldwork and secondary online sources. The objective of this paper is to increase visibility on the linguistic, historical, and cultural connections between two Anglophone countries and a Hispanophone country in sub-Saharan Africa. Findings on these connections can further inspire the design of authentic pedagogical materials for the language and culture classroom.
Arabic language use in Ghana: Retrospect and prospects
Authors: Husein Alhassan Abdur-Rahim
Published: December 2024

Since the introduction of the Arabic language in Ghana in the fifteenth century, it has witnessed significant growth shaped by various historical and contemporary developments. This study highlights the factors that have characterised its development and usage over time. Through a qualitative desk research approach, in which data collected were analysed using thematic analysis, this study explores the dynamics that have influenced the growth of Arabic. It also examines current trends in Arabic education within the country. The findings of this study show that Arabic scholarship is well-established in Ghana. The current initiative of the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment (NaCCA) to standardise the curriculum will facilitate its integration into more schools, ensuring continuity in its teaching and learning. This study underscores that Arabic is likely to become a prevalent subject at the pre-tertiary and tertiary levels, as it has emerged as an instrument of political engagement during election campaigns, where politicians leverage its religious significance to establish a connection with the Muslim community and garner their support. These developments highlight the broader socio-political implications of Arabic education in Ghana, influencing educational, community, and national dynamics.
Histological and biochemical changes in ovaries of adult Wistar rats following exposure to risperidone
Authors: Onyilo P.O. , Dirisu E.I. , Samuel B.O.
Published: December 2024

Risperidone is an antipsychotic drug used in the management of certain borderline personality and conduct disorders. This study evaluated the histomorphological and biochemical changes in ovaries of adult Wistar rats following the administration of risperidone. Fifteen adult Wistar rats weighing between 130 - 180g were independently assigned into three groups. Group A was the control given unlimited access to food and water. Risperidone was administered as follows to Groups B and C (2.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg) per body weight, respectively. After the experimental period, the ovaries were harvested and processed for biochemical and histological examination. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate differences in mean, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Group B rats (2.5 mg/kg of risperidone) showed normal ovarian microstructure, with follicles at various stages of maturity. Group C (5 mg/kg of risperidone) also showed similar tissue composition but with mild to moderate changes notably evidence of cellular injury, including congested blood vessels, white blood cell infiltration, and lymphatics. Biochemical assay of antioxidant activity showed significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) with proportionate increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration at higher doses, indicating oxidative stress. Risperidone administration could be deleterious to the ovaries as it might induce cellular damage via oxidative stress.
Possible effects of aqueous extracts of Newbouldia laevis on haematological and cardiac histoarchitecture in mercury chloride induced Wistar rats.
Authors: Innih S.O. , Nwachukwu J.U.
Published: December 2024

The present study investigated the possible effects of Newbouldia laevis on mercury induced toxicity on the haematological parameters and cardiac architecture of adult Wistar rats. Twenty-five Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (A-E). All rats had free access to feed and water. Group A served as the normal control. Group B was administered mercury chloride (10 mg/kg body weight) and a low dose (200 mg/kg body weight) of the extract. Group C was also given mercury chloride (10 mg/kg body weight) and a medium dose (400 mg/kg body weight) of the extract. Group D received mercury chloride (10 mg/kg body weight) as well as a high dose of Newbouldia laevis (800 mg/kg body weight), Group E received mercury chloride (10 mg/kg body weight) only. Extract was administered daily for 28 days. At the end of the treatment period, blood samples were obtained through cardiac puncture for haematological assay. The heart tissue was also harvested for histological evaluation. Gross morphological changes such as vascular cardiac hypertrophy and perivascular infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed in the untreated animals. Treatment with extracts of Newbouldia laevis restored the alterations recorded in some haematological parameters (red blood cell count, platelets, mean platelet volume) when compared with the untreated animals. The study has therefore shown that extract of Newbouldia laevis can be used to reduce some of the harmful effects from Mercury toxicity.
High occurrence of blaCTX-M extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase genes in Gram-negative clinical isolates from a Tertiary Hospital, South-South Nigeria
Authors: Etang U.E. , Inyang U.C. , Akpan S.S. , Moses E.A. , Moses A.E.
Published: December 2024

The extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) has been implicated in the global spread of multi-drug resistance (MDR) genes leading to limited therapeutic options. This study aimed to determine the frequency of blaCTX-M and blaSHV ESBL genes in clinical isolates from patients with GNB infection in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study of patients having various infections was conducted at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo. Clinical samples were cultured by standard bacteriological methods and isolates identified using VITEK-2 protocols. Gram-negative bacteria identified were screened for antibiotics sensitivity, ESBL production and possession of ESBL genes using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion, double disc synergy test and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Out of 180 clinical samples of urine, blood and wound, 71 consecutive non-repetitive GNB were isolated of which 29% were ESBL producers. The GNB recovered from the samples were 35 (58.3%), 22 (36.7%) and 14 (23.3%), of which 12 (34.3%), 9 (40.9%) and 8 (57.1%), were ESBL producers, respectively. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent GNB and the highest ESBL producer (14.1%). Susceptibility test showed moderately high resistance of GNB to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (59.1%), ceftazidime (56.3%) and cefotaxime (54.9%). Of the selected 25 ESBL-producers, 15 (60%) possessed the blaCTX-M genes while one (4%) harboured the blaSHV gene. The blaCTX-M detection rates in wound, blood and urine were 24%, 20% and 16%, respectively. Isolates with the blaCTX-M genes were E. coli, S. fonticola, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, A. baumannii, K. oxytoca, B. cepacia, E. cloacae, and P. aeruginosa while Serratia fonticola carried the blaSHV gene. The implication of blaCTX-M genes in MDR could be associated with treatment failures in patients with GNB infections. Antimicrobial stewardship to guide appropriate and prudent use of antibiotics is advocated.
Integrative analysis of inhibitor of DNA-binding expression and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Fu Denggang , Zhang Biyu , Sun Jinghui , Feng Jueping , Wang Xin
Published: December 2024

Purpose: To investigate the expression and prognosis of inhibitor of DNA-binding (ID) protein family in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: The mRNA expression and prognostic relevance of ID family using Oncomine, UALCAN, Kaplan-Meier plot, and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases were compiled and analyzed. Also, associations between individual IDs' mRNA expression and clinicopathological features in NSCLC patients were identified using unpaired t-test. Results: There was significantly higher expression of each ID in normal cells compared to NSCLC tissues, including adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; p < 0.05). High ID1 mRNA expression correlated significantly with worse overall survival in NSCLC, AC, and SCC cases (p < 0.05). Also, increased ID4 mRNA expression predicted significantly better overall survival in NSCLC and AC cases, but not in SCC (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Inhibitor of DNA-binding 1 mRNA predicts poorer survival, whereas ID4 mRNA suggests better survival, particularly in AC. ID2 and ID3 mRNA levels lack significant associations with overall survival, suggesting targeting IDs might represent potential therapeutics for NSCLC. There is the need for validation of these outcomes and mechanistic investigations.
Management and quality assurance of observational data recorded by geomagnetic observatories in Egypt
Authors: Takla Emad M. H. , Rabeh Taha , Samy Aalaa
Published: December 2024

The National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG) is an Egyptian research institution that operates two Geomagnetic Observatories (GMOs), namely the Misallat (MLT), and Abu‑Simbel (ABS) observatories. Data availability, reliability and quality are the basis for any scientific research. So, it is essential to check and manage the quality of Geomagnetic Data (GMD) and prepare them in a proper Data Format (DF) before publishing them for research studies. This paper focuses on the management and quality assurance of the GMD recorded by the MLT and ABS observatories, and presents the current efforts deployed for managing, examining and processing them as well as converting their original DF into international DF. The raw data has been processed mathematically using MATLAB scripts. Results show that GMD from the MLT and ABS observatories suffer from various non‑natural disturbances. Electric power lines, industrial and human activities nearby the MLT observatory as well as some internal problems with the measuring devices, might have caused these disturbances. In addition, the study examined the impact of these disturbances on the quality of recorded data. The comparison of raw data from the two observatories and other INTERMAGNET data showed a good correlation between them before 2015. From 2015 until October 2022, the noise level mostly at the MLT became very high and the natural Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) emissions at the MLT data were completely hidden by the background noise. The study recommends that the Magnetically Clean Environment (MCE) must be resorted again as well as fixing the measuring instruments especially at the MLT observatory to provide high quality data that can be suitable for all aspects of scientific research and satisfy the INTERMAGNET requirements.
Semantic, Pragmatic, and Hermeneutic Approaches to Linguistic Analysis of Mene Mene Tekel Upharsin in Aramaic
Authors: Suria Isak , Yasming Lucyana , Ming David
Published: December 2024

The mysterious phrase “Mene Mene Tekel Upharsin” from the Book of Daniel has fascinated scholars and theologians for centuries. Despite its significance in the Judaeo-Christian tradition, in-depth linguistic analysis of the phrase in Aramaic texts is still limited. This study aims to bridge the gap between current knowledge and the desired understanding of the phrase’s linguistic structure, semantic implications, and historical context. Using descriptive and historical linguistic analysis methods on ancient Aramaic script, this study seeks to investigate the origins and development of the phrase while evaluating previous interpretations. This study will contribute to the understanding of ancient Semitic linguistics and culture, enriching theological and historical studies related to the Book of Daniel. Through this combined approach, this study aims to shed light on the linguistics, culture, and history in the broader context of ancient Semitic languages and texts, ultimately providing a clearer understanding of the phrase’s use, impact, and social relevance in ancient times. Thus it is found that (1) In ancient Mesopotamian culture, supernatural signs such as the writing on the walls of Belshazzar’s palace were viewed as direct divine intervention in human affairs. (2) This phrase carries a very strong message of criticism against the king. (3) Symbolic meaning for communication and narrative was important for the time. In conclusion. This research enhances the understanding of the Old Testament scriptures and the reception and interpretation of divine messages in specific historical settings. This understanding also opens the stage for further investigation of the correlation between sacred texts and their historical environment. Future scholarly investigations could investigate the social and political impact of divine messages in other ancient textual materials
Altar pollution in Malachi: An exploration on the violation of Leviticus’ ritual traditions (Leviticus 1–7) in Malachi 1:6–10
Authors: Boloje Blessing Onoriode
Published: December 2024

The article, through a literary and theological approach, explores the distinction between the ritual texts’ explicit assertions in Leviticus (relative to specific ritual texts in Leviticus 1–7), and the ritual practices reflected in Malachi 1:6–10, on the one hand, and the basic socio-economic reason for the violation of specific ritual requirements and the ethical and theological implications of such violation, on the other hand. Malachi 1:6–10 contains both poetic and prose layers on the cult of the criticised members of the post-exilic community of the Book of Malachi. The poetic section (vv. 6–9) presents Yahweh’s unfavorable disposition towards the sacrificial cult, mostly in the form of interrogations, and the prose part (v. 10), bluntly highlights Yahweh’s outright displeasure over the polluted offerings that are being brought to him. The exploration reveals that the tacit collaboration and encouragement of wrongdoing by both the priests and the people, constitutes a glamourisation of the elimination and rejection of the rituals of the cult. Consequently, the article offers profound insight into ritual performance in Malachi 1:6–10 by identifying the prominent creators of the violations, and it underscores that the performance of the cultic rituals should satisfy the most rigorous cultic and/or ethical demands, no matter what the socio-economic situations of ritual practitioners.
A Year in the Life: Adventures in British Subcultures
Authors: Akyıldız Şevket
Published: December 2024

A Year in the Life: Adventures in British Subcultures (2022), written by Lucy Leonelli, is an engaging journey through twenty-six British subcultures undertaken over twelve months. In doing so, Leonelli meets numerous individuals and characters from various subcultural communities, ranging from battle re-enactors to Goths, Morris Dancers to trainspotters, and ufologists to extreme sportspeople. This inquisitive author seeks to discover what divides cultural tribes and unites humanity, how to make sense of it all, and understand herself better.