bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kepatuhan Ibu Hamil mengkonsumsi Tablet FE di Kota Tanjungpinang tahun 2017
Authors: Aminin Fidyah , Dewi Utami
Published: August 2020

Sejumlah 40% kematian pada ibu hamil berhubungan dengan anemia. Pemerintah Indonesia sudah melakukan upaya penanggulangan anemia, diantaranya dengan memberikan tablet Fe . Ibu Hamil yang mendapatkan tablet Fe pada tahun 2016 di Kota TanjungpinangÂ  adalah 89,8%. Kejadian Anemia pada ibu hamil di Kota Tanjungpinang pada tahun 2016 adalah sebesar 12,21%. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahuiÂ  faktor â€“faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan ibu hamil mengkonsumsi tablet Fe. Desain penelitian adalah deskriptif analitik cross sectional dengan analisis data chi square. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Tanjungpinang pada bulan Juli sampai dengan OktoberÂ  2017. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua ibu hamil yang mengkonsumsi tablet Fe di Kota Tanjungpinang. Jumlah Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalahÂ  56 responden dengan teknik Non Probability Sampling-Purpossive Sampling Type.Â  Pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner. Hasil penelitianÂ  factor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan ibu hamil mengkonsumsi tablet Fe adalah pengetahuan (p=0,025), dan pendidikan (p =0,007). Diharapkan menambah bahan bacaan dan media pendidikan kesehatan tentang anemia dan tablet Fe untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil sertaÂ  memberikan pendidikan kesehatan cara mengkonsumsi tablet Fe dan efek samping tablet Fe ada ibu hamil.Â 40% of deaths in pregnant women associated with anemia. The Indonesian government has made efforts to overcome anemia, such as give Fe tablets .Â  Pregnant women who received Fe tablets in 2016 in Tanjung Pinang City were 89.8%. The incidence of anemia in pregnant women in Tanjung Pinang City in 2016 was 12.21%. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with compliance of pregnant women consuming Fe tablets. Descriptive analytic cross sectional study design with chi square data analysis. This research was conducted in the City of Tanjungpinang in July to October 2017. The population in this study were all pregnant women who consuming Fe tablets in Tanjung Pinang City. The number of samples in this study were 56 respondentsÂ  used Non Probability Sampling-Purpossive Sampling Type.Data collection through questionnaires. The results of research related to pregnant women consuming Fe tabets are knowledge (p=0,025) and education (p =0,007). It is Expected to add reading material and health education media about anemia and Fe tablets to increase the knowledge of pregnant women and provide health education on how to consume Fe tablets and the side effects of Fe tablets for pregnant women.
Pengaruh Acupresure terhadap Kecukupan ASI pada Ibu Post Partum SC hari ke 7
Authors: Renityas Nevy Norma
Published: August 2020

Ibu post partum dengan Sectio secaria biasanya mengalami penurunan volume ASI sehingga tidak mencukupi kebutuhan nutrisi pada bayi. Oleh karena itu, untuk memenuhi kecukupan ASI pada bayi maka menggunakan terapi acupresure pada titik ST16, ST 17 dan ST 18 sehingga dapat menstimulasi hipofisis untuk mengeluarkan hormon prolaktin dan oksitosin. Metode penelitian yang digunakan menggunakan menggunakan pre eksperiment dengan pendekatan pre-post group design. . Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 20 ibu post partum SC, tehnik sampling yaitu tottaly sampling. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa terjadi kenaikan rata-rata pada sebelum dan sesudah intervensi sebesar 310,00 poin. hasil uji Paired sample t-test didapatkan nilai ï² < ï¡ berarti terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kecukupan ASI sebelum perlakuan dan sesudah perlakuan. Akupresur dapat merangsang acupoints dapat membantu mengatur proses involusi uteri dan pengeluaran ASI dan mengembalikan keseimbangan selama masa post partum.Â Post partum mothers with Sectio secaria usually experience a decrease in the volume of milk so that it is not sufficient for the baby's nutritional needs. Therefore, to meet the adequacy of breast milk in infants using acupressure therapy at points ST16, ST 17 and ST 18 so that it can stimulate the pituitary to secrete the hormones prolactin and oxytocin. The research method used uses pre-experiment with a pre-post group design approach. . The sample in this study amounted to 20 post partum SC mothers, the sampling technique is tottaly sampling. The results of the study prove that there was an average increase before and after the intervention of 310.00 points. Paired sample t-test results obtained value ï²<ï¡ means there is a significant difference in the adequacy of breast milk before treatment and after treatment. Acupressure can stimulate acupoints can help regulate uterine involution and milk removal and restore balance during the post partum period.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SCAFFOLDING METHOD ON STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ACHIEVEMENT
Authors: Naibaho Lamhot
Published: August 2020

This study is about the effectiveness of scaffolding method on students’ speaking achievement, and it is aimed to know effectiveness of scaffording method on students’ speaking skill. It was done at Universitas Kristen Indonesia on students’ speaking class of batch 2017. The method of the study is classroom action research, which was carried out within 2 cycles. The instrument of the study used was test sheet and observation sheet and the data taken using the instruments were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. The result of the study shows that scaffolding method is effective on improving students’ speaking achievement. ding can improve students' speaking skills. It is concluded that scaffolding method is a good method to be implemented at speaking class, and the lecturers are suggested to use scaffolding method when teaching speaking in the classroom.
Agricultural optimization with limited resources using duality
Authors: Delgado Angel Ramon Sanchez , Ventura Sergio Drumond , Ferreira Pedro Marcio
Published: August 2020

Água e nitrogênio são insumos fundamentais para o desenvolvimento de qualquer cultura agrícola, e quando estão correlacionados com a produção obtida, há uma função analítica que representa aproximadamente a produção em relação à água e ao nitrogênio. Considerando que no ambiente do agronegócio e de tomada de decisão, é importante conhecer quantitativamente a produção máxima e a receita líquida máxima que uma determinada safra gera no caso em que esses insumos são limitados, neste trabalho, apresentamos um procedimento computacional usando a teoria da dualidade e o método da barreira logarítmica para resolver ambos os problemas. Para avaliar a metodologia apresentada, realizamos alguns testes numéricos com base em dados conhecidos para as culturas do melão, da alface americana, pêra laranja e aveia. Com base nos resultados obtidos, podemos concluir que a metodologia apresentada constitui uma alternativa confiável, considerando os resultados conhecidos na literatura para tais culturas.

Palavras chave: Água, nitrogênio, dualidade, barreira logarítmica, programação quadrática.
Induksi dan Karakter Pertumbuhan Kalus Triploid dari Endosperma Avokad (Persea americana Mill.)
Authors: Sukmara Edy , Sukamto Lazarus Agus , Bintang Maria
Published: August 2020

The concentration of the Plant Growth Regulators (PGR) medium as well as endosperm viability determines the success of triploid avocado callus. This study was aimed to explore the best size of diameter fruit and the most responsive concentration for the induction of endosperm avocado callus. The study consisted of two phases. The first stage is to determine the best diameter size of avocado and concentration of the culture medium that gave the fastest response to be endosperm callus. The second stage used flow cytometer to obtain triploid of avocado endosperm callus. This study used four size of fruit group diameter, that A=(0.30-0.50), B=(0.51-1.00), C=(1.01-1.50) and D=(1.51-2.20) in cm. Factorial experiment with four replications was arranged in a completely randomized design. Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) was used in this culture with two PGR that the Picloram and 2.4-D. Each with concentration : 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 in mg/l. The most responsive diameter fruit size was group B (0.30 – 0.50 cm) with the fastest callus growth average was 7.67 weeks after culture (WAC). The most responsive concentration for endosperm callus induction was Picloram 2 mg/l, growth in 5.08 WAC. The endosperm callus growth successfully t done by the inclusion of avocados embryos. The best interaction between fruits diameter and concentration for callus avocado induction used fruits diameter A with picloram 2 mg/l. The endosperm callus were measured by using flow cytometer resulted in avocado triploid callus with region range (RN) Mean value wer 302.01, 296.60, and 298.51 respectively. While the avocado leaf control resulted in 198.82 diploid plant.
Identification of Bioactive Compounds and α-Glucosidase Inhibition Activity of Caesalpinia bonduc Seed Extract In vitro
Authors: Dwitasari Oczhinvia , Hami Seno Djarot Sasongko , Safithri Mega
Published: August 2020

This study is aimed for finding alternative ways to treat diabetes. Many studies have beendone before, but focused on identification of α-glucosidase inhibition mechanism. This study wasconducted by extracting Caesalpinia bonduc seed using two methods maceration by ethanol 96%and the others boil by water. The ethanol extract was then fractioned into three fractions, n-hexane,ethyl acetate, and ethanol. To find the bioactive compounds, the ethanol extract was then tested byseveral phytochemistry tests. The phytochemistry test showed positive results for alkaloid, flavonoid,saponin and triterpenoid. The inhibition mechanism was tested using pNPG. The inhibition testshown that the mechanism was a competitive inhibition, by the Dixon plot. The calculated inhibitionconcentrations for 50% substrate (IC50) for ethyl acetate fraction are 1655.8079 μg/ml for 5 mMsubstrate and 803.9521 μg/ml for 10 mM substrate. From the results of this study, we concluded thatthe extract of Caesalpinia bonduc has inhibition activity toward α-glucosidase enzyme.

Keywords: α-glucosidase inhibition, Caesalpinia bonduc seed extract, diabetes treatment
Rendimiento de biomasa y grano en variedades de triticale en el valle de Mexicali
Authors: Velasco-lópez Jose luis , Soto Ortiz Roberto , Ail Catzim Carlos Enrique , Grimaldo Juárez Onécimo , Avilés Marín Silvia Mónica , Lozano del Río Alejandro Javier
Published: August 2020

El valle de Mexicali es una región importante en la producción de carne y leche de origen bovino con aceptación en otros países principalmente Estados Unidos de América, Japón y Corea. Por tal motivo, se requiere forraje de calidad para la alimentación del ganado como el triticale, utilizado en diversas zonas de México; sin embargo, en el valle de Mexicali no se tiene información del comportamiento agronómico. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el rendimiento de biomasa seca y grano de 10 variedades de triticale en los ciclos O-I 2014-2015 y 2015-2016, en el Valle de Mexicali. El diseño experimental fue bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Se evaluaron 10 variedades de triticale de diferentes tipos de crecimiento, 4 primaverales, 2 facultativos, 4 invernales y avena. En el primer ciclo de evaluación, la mayor producción de biomasa total correspondió a la variedad AN105 y AN125 con 10.7 y 10.5 t ha-1, en rendimiento de grano las variedades AN105, AN38, AN125, AN31B, ABT y Eronga produjeron de 7.3 a 5.4 t ha-1. Para el segundo ciclo, las variedades superiores en biomasa total fueron AN31B, ABT, AN38, AN34, AN31P y Eronga con 6 a 4.9 t ha-1 y en rendimiento de grano AN38, AN123, Eronga y AN125 de 4.1 a 3.1 t ha-1. En conclusión, las variedades invernales AN31B y AN34 mostraron potencial para la producción de biomasa total, la variedad facultativa AN38 y las variedades primaverales AN125 y Eronga, presentaron superioridad en rendimiento de grano en los dos ciclos de evaluación.
Dorferneuerung zwischen Erhalten und Gestalten
Authors: Ruinelli Armando , Caminada Gion A. , Seifert Ludmila
Published: August 2020

They are high-profile supporters of an architecture developed from existing structures, and both of them think of their work as a social task to a considerable degree: they are Armando Ruinelli (* 1954), who has been running an architectural office in Soglio (Bregaglia) since 1982, and Gion A. Caminada (* 1957), who has been working as an architect, town planner and construction consultant in Vrin (Lumnezia) since the beginning of the 1990s. After their “years of apprenticeship” in Zurich, they both returned to their home villages, where not only did they carry out projects, but they also got involved in community issues. Initially, they both worked exclusively in their home valleys, but today they are known and sought after beyond their country’s borders. The interest in the future of the peripheral Alpine valleys has remained a central aspect of their work. A conversation about village regeneration, townscape protection and political commitment, recorded by Ludmila Seifert, Managing Director of the association Bündner Heimatschutz (Homeland Protection of the canton of Grisons).
Marginalità e memoria come valori progettuali nell’esperienza di Gion A. Caminada a Vrin
Authors: Botta Valerio
Published: August 2020

The article investigate the regeneration design that has had in Vrin, throughout the alpine context. It deals particularly with architect Gion A. Caminada action modalities. Caminada had a main role in Vrin design process in his earlier career. Through the existing anthropic pattern interpretation, the architect has been able to define some useful spatial basics to contemporary living. The Vrin experience give us the possibility to discuss some preeminent topics about the reinvention of architectural past elements that enable us to enhance future life.
Arhitektura oživlja
Authors: Dešman Kristina , Ivanič Maja
Published: August 2020

Slovenia is an alpine country: 11 percent of its territory is above 1,600 meters above sea level. The Slovenian Alps are dotted with secluded farms and clustered hamlets, and there are larger towns on the plains of the pre-Alpine regions. In the 1990s, Slovenia, together with other Alpine countries, acceded to the International Convention on the Protection of the Alps. Due to its small size, the Slovenian Alpine space is manageable, but very fragile and sensitive to various interventions, especially architectural ones. Namely, architecture directs the mentality and consciousness of people, and thus also cultural and economic development. Today, it is difficult to talk about revitalizing the Alps without mentioning tourism, which brings money to the Alpine environment and creates jobs. Unfortunately, the Slovenian alpine space is developing without a comprehensive urban and architectural development direction. Economic and tourism strategies are also vague. Individual examples of modern quality architecture are rather happy coincidence of the architect's sensitivity, experience and mastery, and the investor's cultural breadth. That is why the examples of good architectural practice that culturally and economically revive the Slovenian Alpine region and preserve its identity stand out all the more. They are distinguished by their attitude towards the environment – understanding and respect for the natural and cultural landscape, dimensions of volumes that are carefully integrated into the scenography of mountain ambiences, modern spatial design, selection of new natural materials, interpretation of traditional architectural heritage and preservation of local traditions and knowledge of our ancestors.
Tathbiq Namadzij Ta’allum “al-Fushul al-Maqlubah” li Ta’lim Maharah al-Kalam fi al-Lughah al-Arabiyyah
Authors: Maesaroh Miftakhul
Published: August 2020

Speaking skills which are productive language skills become one of the objectives of Arabic learning. Various models of approaches and methods are used to improve this skill. Flipped classroom is a learning model that turns away from the traditional model. With this learning model it is hoped that learning is more effective so that it helps stude nts to master speaking skills more easily and pleasantly. The purpose of writing this article is to describe the learning model of Flipped classroom in speaking skills learning. The research method used is field-qualitative research methods. With the results of the study that the Flipped classroom learning model can be applied in speaking skills learning by following three main stages, namely preparation, implementation, and evaluation.
Qualijor – sistema de gestão da produção jornalística orientado para a qualidade editorial: pesquisa aplicada e de desenvolvimento experimental em jornalismo
Authors: Guerra Josenildo Luiz
Published: August 2020

O paper apresenta o Qualijor, um sistema de gestão da produção jornalística orientado para a qualidade editorial, que gera indicadores de desempenho para gestores e suas equi-pes. O Qualijor nasceu de preocupações teóricas aliadas à intenção da Pesquisa Aplicada e de Desenvolvimento Experimental (P&D) tanto para medir a qualidade da atividade jorna-lística quanto para gerar inovação no processo produtivo a fim de melhorar seus resulta-dos. O esforço realizado pretendeu os seguintes resultados: 1) sugerir um modelo de ges-tão da produção jornalística com base em indicadores de avaliação de qualidade editorial; 2) sistematizar uma proposta metodológica de Pesquisa Aplicada e de Desenvolvimento Experimental em jornalismo.
Examining the effects of goal-setting, feedback, and incentives on sustained attention
Authors: Robison Matthew Kyle , Unsworth Nash , Brewer Gene Arnold
Published: August 2020

Across four experiments we examined the effects of goal-setting, feedback, and incentivizing manipulations on sustained attention. In addition to measuring task performance, we measured subjective attentional states and momentary feelings of motivation and alertness. Experiment 1 compared two specific goal conditions - one difficult and one easy - to a standard set of instructions. The specific goal conditions both reduced RTs and attenuated the vigilance decrement but did not impact task engagement (motivation or task-unrelated thoughts). Experiment 2 manipulated both goal-setting and feedback across conditions. The combination of a specific goal and feedback had strong effects on both task performance and task engagement. Additionally, feedback increased task engagement (higher motivation and fewer task-unrelated thoughts) regardless of whether or not it was paired with a specific goal. Experiment 3 examined the effect of pairing goals with a reward. Participants in one reward condition (time-based incentive) reported higher motivation, but did not show better task performance. Offering a cash incentive to meet a goal did not have an effect on any dependent variables. Finally, in an effort to examine whether more moderately-difficult goals might lead to optimal performance, Experiment 4 examined a broader range of goals. However we did not see an effect of a moderately-difficult goal on any of the dependent variables. None of the experimental manipulations were effective in mitigating or eliminating the vigilance decrement. We discuss the theoretical implications of the results with regard to goal-setting theory and theories of vigilance.
Gratitude Blindness: How does the Dark Triad experience gratitude?
Authors: Puthillam Arathy , Karandikar Sampada , Kapoor Hansika , Parekh Aneree
Published: August 2020

Gratitude promotes prosociality and long-term reciprocal relationships. The Dark Triad is associated with maladaptive interactions in their social and interpersonal relationships. The present study aimed at understanding whether these individuals experience gratitude at state and trait levels, when presented with situations that differentially benefit them. The Dark Triad, specifically psychopathy and Machiavellianism, is negatively associated with trait gratitude. In situations where others are uncooperative towards them, individuals with Dark Triad traits, specifically Machiavellianism and narcissism, report poorer state gratitude. Implications are discussed, particularly in light of the Dark Triad as a defector personality hindering reciprocal altruism.
A Study on Fixed Point Theory in M-Metric Space
Authors: Bajracharya Prakash Muni , Adhikari Nabaraj
Published: August 2020

In 2014, Asadi et al.1 introduced the notion of an M−metric space which is the generalization of a partial metric space and establish Banach and Kannan fixed point theorems in M− metric space. In this paper, we give a brief survey regarding the fixed point theorem for Chatterjea contraction mapping in the framework of M−metric space. We also give some examples which support the partial answers to the question posed by Asadi et al. concerning a fixed point for Chatterjea contraction mapping.
Migration and Lived Religion: Practical Theological Challenges
Authors: Dillen Annemie
Published: August 2020

The value of studying lived religion, especially in relation to migration, is explained in this article. A theology of migration can focus on human dignity, diaconal care, justice, and motivations for Christians to care about migration. Or it can start with theological and Christological reflection, for instance, about how Christ is met in every migrant. But it can also include the study of the lived religion of migrants, their way of expressing their spirituality or experiencing church. Studying lived religion raises many questions for theology and especially for pastoral practices. These questions are discussed to stimulate more research into the lived religion of migrants themselves as a challenge for theology, without focusing only on how it functions as a coping factor.
In All Music There Is Bach
Authors: Volokolamsk Metropolitan Hilarion of
Published: August 2020

No ordinary musician, Bach was a composer whose works were deeply influenced by personal faith and who expressed his theology through music. Transcending denominationalism, his compositions have an ecumenicity belonging to Church Tradition and express the movement of the human spirit reaching for the divine. Its universal, mystical tenor was never fully appreciated by his own cultural age, even though he was considered a great organist. Overlooked and later rediscovered, Bach drew inspiration from past composers for whom music as art was an expression of the longing of the human spirit for the divine, in contrast to an emerging view of art and culture as having the human person as the measure of all. A source of inspiration for later composers, the music is that of a man of the Church responding to the call of biblical narratives reflecting the faith for which Luther stood and about which Arndt wrote a text that was read by some Russian saints. It is the Church calendar, its rhythm of holydays and remembrances, that structured Bach’s life and work. Love for his theological music continues despite social and cultural upheavals.
Provision of rapid and specific ex vivo diagnosis of central nervous system lymphoma from rodent xenograft biopsies by a fluorescent aptamer
Authors: Georges Joseph , Qi Xiaodong , Liu Xiaowei , Zhou Yu , Woolf Eric C. , Valeri Amber , Al-Atrache Zein , Belykh Evgenii , Feuerstein Burt G. , Preul Mark , Scheck Adrienne C. , Reiser Mark , Anderson Trent , Gopez Jonas , Appelt Denah , Yocom Steven , Eschbacher Jennifer , Yan Hao , Nakaji Peter
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVE

Differentiating central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma from other intracranial malignancies remains a clinical challenge in surgical neuro-oncology. Advances in clinical fluorescence imaging contrast agents and devices may mitigate this challenge. Aptamers are a class of nanomolecules engineered to bind cellular targets with antibody-like specificity in a fraction of the staining time. Here, the authors determine if immediate ex vivo fluorescence imaging with a lymphoma-specific aptamer can rapidly and specifically diagnose xenografted orthotopic human CNS lymphoma at the time of biopsy.

METHODS

The authors synthesized a fluorescent CNS lymphoma-specific aptamer by conjugating a lymphoma-specific aptamer with Alexa Fluor 488 (TD05-488). They modified human U251 glioma cells and Ramos lymphoma cells with a lentivirus for constitutive expression of red fluorescent protein and implanted them intracranially into athymic nude mice. Three to 4 weeks postimplantation, acute slices (biopsies, n = 28) from the xenografts were collected, placed in aptamer solution, and imaged with a Zeiss fluorescence microscope. Three aptamer staining concentrations (0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 μM) and three staining times (5, 10, and 20 minutes) followed by a 1-minute wash were tested. A file of randomly selected images was distributed to neurosurgeons and neuropathologists, and their ability to distinguish CNS lymphoma from negative controls was assessed.

RESULTS

The three staining times and concentrations of TD05-488 were tested to determine the diagnostic accuracy of CNS lymphoma within a frozen section time frame. An 11-minute staining protocol with 1.0-μM TD05-488 was most efficient, labeling 77% of positive control lymphoma cells and less than 1% of negative control glioma cells (p < 0.001). This protocol permitted clinicians to positively identify all positive control lymphoma images without misdiagnosing negative control images from astrocytoma and normal brain.

CONCLUSIONS

Ex vivo fluorescence imaging is an emerging technique for generating rapid histopathological diagnoses. Ex vivo imaging with a novel aptamer-based fluorescent nanomolecule could provide an intraoperative tumor-specific diagnosis of CNS lymphoma within 11 minutes of biopsy. Neurosurgeons and neuropathologists interpreted images generated with this molecular probe with high sensitivity and specificity. Clinical application of TD05-488 may permit specific intraoperative diagnosis of CNS lymphoma in a fraction of the time required for antibody staining.
Targeting CD146 using folic acid–conjugated nanoparticles and suppression of tumor growth in a mouse glioma model
Authors: Fukui Naoki , Yawata Toshio , Nakajo Takahito , Kawanishi Yu , Higashi Youichirou , Yamashita Tatsuyuki , Aratake Takaaki , Honke Koichi , Ueba Tetsuya
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVE

Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are responsible for tumor initiation, therapeutic resistance, and recurrence. CD146 is mainly expressed in dividing GSCs and regulates cell cycle progression. However, the evaluation of the efficacy of targeted therapy against CD146 in vivo remains to be investigated. In this study, the authors aimed to develop gene therapy targeting GSCs using chitosan oligosaccharide lactate (COL) nanoparticles (NPs) conjugated with folic acid–polyethylene glycol (FA-PEG-COL NPs) for in vitro and in vivo delivery of CD146 small-interfering RNA (siCD146) and to determine the effect of CD146 knockdown on tumor growth.

METHODS

To examine the uptake of NPs by tumor cells, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry, and in vivo imaging were performed. The knockdown effect of siCD146 was measured by western blot and water-soluble tetrazolium salt–8 assay in mouse glioma cells. The efficacy of siRNA therapy–targeted GSCs was evaluated by monitoring tumor growth through in vivo imaging and histological analysis.

RESULTS

In vivo accumulation of the FA-PEG-COL NPs in subcutaneous and intracranial gliomas following NP administration via a mouse tail vein was observed. Additionally, in vitro delivery of siCD146 ionically cross-linked NPs, reduced CD146 levels, and suppressed growth in the glioma tumor sphere. Evaluation of the in vivo therapeutic effects of siCD146–cross-linked NPs in a mouse glioma model revealed significant suppression of intracranial tumor growth, with complete removal of the tumor observed in some mice on histological examination. Furthermore, delivery of siCD146 significantly reduced the Ki-67 index in residual tumor tissues relative to that in control mice.

CONCLUSIONS

CD146 is a potential therapeutic target, and folic acid–conjugated NPs delivering siRNA may facilitate gene therapy in malignant gliomas.
Motoric impairment versus iron deposition gradient in the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Huang Weiyuan , Ogbuji Richard , Zhou Liangdong , Guo Lingfei , Wang Yi , Kopell Brian H.
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between the quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) signal gradient of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and motor impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD).

METHODS

All PD patients who had undergone QSM MRI for presurgical deep brain stimulation (DBS) planning were eligible for inclusion in this study. The entire STN and its three functional subdivisions, as well as the adjacent white matter (WM), were segmented and measured. The QSM value difference between the entire STN and adjacent WM (STN-WM), between the limbic and associative regions of the STN (L-A), and between the associative and motor regions of the STN (A-M) were obtained as measures of gradient and were input into an unsupervised k-means clustering algorithm to automatically categorize the overall boundary distinctness between the STN and adjacent WM and between STN subdivisions (gradient blur [GB] and gradient sharp [GS] groups). Statistical tests were performed to compare clinical and image measurements for discrimination between GB and GS groups.

RESULTS

Of the 39 study patients, 19 were categorized into the GB group and 20 into the GS group, based on quantitative cluster analysis. The GB group had a significantly higher presurgical off-medication Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III score (51.289 ± 20.741) than the GS group (38.5 ± 16.028; p = 0.037). The GB group had significantly higher QSM values for the STN and its three subdivisions and adjacent WM than those for the GS group (p < 0.01). The GB group also demonstrated a significantly higher STN-WM gradient in the right STN (p = 0.01). The GB group demonstrated a significantly lower L-A gradient in both the left and the right STN (p < 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS

Advancing PD with more severe motor impairment leads to more iron deposition in the STN and adjacent WM, as shown in the QSM signal. Loss of the STN inner QSM signal gradient should be considered as an image marker for more severe motor impairment in PD patients.
Chronicling the philanthropic arm of neurological surgery: a review of the growth and development of the Neurosurgery Research & Education Foundation
Authors: Agarwal Nitin , Luy Diego D. , Bonaminio Joanne M. , Philips Chris A. , Dattomo Kathryn A. , Heary Robert F. , Branch Charles L. , Robertson Jon H. , Groff Michael W. , Haid Regis W.
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVE

The Neurosurgery Research & Education Foundation (NREF), previously known as the Research Foundation of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS), was established in 1980 to encourage and facilitate innovation through financial support to young neurosurgeons in the process of honing their competencies in neurosciences and neurological surgery. This article provides a historical overview of NREF, its mission, and charitable contributions and the ever-expanding avenues for neurosurgeons, neurosurgical residents and fellows, and medical students to supplement clinical training and to further neurosurgical research advances.

METHODS

Data were collected from the historical archives of the AANS and NREF website. Available data included tabulated revenue, geographic and institutional records of funding, changes in funding for fellowships and awards, advertising methods, and sources of funding.

RESULTS

Since 1984, NREF has invested more than $23 million into the future of neurosurgery. To date, NREF has provided more than 500 fellowship opportunities which have funded neurosurgeons’ education and research efforts at all stages of training and practice.

CONCLUSIONS

NREF is designed to serve as the vehicle through which the neurosurgical community fosters the continued excellence in the care of patients with neurosurgical diseases.
Patient and parental assessment of factors influencing the choice of treatment in pediatric hydrocephalus
Authors: Tamber Mandeep S. , Naftel Robert P.
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVE

Choosing between competing options (shunt or endoscopic third ventriculostomy) for the management of hydrocephalus requires patients and caregivers to make a subjective judgment about the relative importance of risks and benefits associated with each treatment. In the context of this particular decision, little is known about what treatment-related factors are important and how they are prioritized in order to arrive at a treatment preference.

METHODS

The Hydrocephalus Association electronically distributed a survey to surgically treated hydrocephalus patients or their families. Respondents rated the importance of various surgical attributes in their decision-making about treatment choice, and also indicated their preference in hypothetical scenarios involving a trade-off between potential risks and benefits of treatment. Rank-order correlations were used to determine whether certain predictor variables affected the rating of factors or hypothetical treatment choice.

RESULTS

Eighty percent of 414 respondents rated procedural risks, minimizing repeat surgery, and improving long-term brain function as being very or extremely important factors when deciding on a treatment; 69% rated the need to implant a permanent device similarly. Parent-respondents rated procedural risks higher than patient-respondents. A majority of respondents (n = 209, 54%) chose a procedure with higher surgical risk if it meant that implantation of a permanent device was not required, and respondents were more likely to choose this option if they discussed both treatment options with their surgeon prior to their initial intervention (Spearman rho 0.198, p = 0.001).

Although only 144 of 384 total respondents (38%) chose a less established operation if it meant less repeat surgery, patient-respondents were more likely to choose this option compared to parent-respondents (Spearman rho 0.145, p = 0.005). Likewise, patient-respondents were more likely than parent-respondents to choose an operation that involved less repeat surgery and led to worse long-term brain function (Spearman rho 0.160, p = 0.002), an option that was chosen by only 23 (6%) of respondents overall.

CONCLUSIONS

This study is the first exploration of patient/parental factors that influence treatment preference in pediatric hydrocephalus. Procedural risks, minimizing repeat operations, and the desire to maximize long-term cognitive function appeared to be the most important attributes that influenced treatment decisions that the survey respondents had made in the past. Patients and/or their caregivers appear to see some inherent benefit in being shunt free. It appears that fear of multiple revision operations may drive treatment choice in some circumstances.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN PENGGUNAAN BAHASA INDONESIA DALAM LAPORAN HASIL OBSERVASI PADA SISWA SMA
Authors: Endang Endang , Fitriani Yessi
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan: (1) bentuk kesalahan penggunaan bahasa Indonesia, meliputi kesalahan ejaan, diksi, kalimat, dan paragraf; (2) faktor penyebab terjadinya kesalahan dalam laporan hasil observasi siswa kelas X SMA N I Ujanmas; (3) upaya dilakukan untuk mengatasi kesalahan penggunaan berbahasa tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif pendekatan analisis isi dengan sampel laporan hasil observasi siswa kelas VIII SMA N I Ujanmas yang berjumlah 10. Hasil penelitian ini sebagai berikut. Pertama, bentuk kesalahan berbahasa yang ditemukan dalam laporan hasil observasi siswa kelas X SMA N I Ujanmas meliputi: kesalahan ejaan; kesalahan diksi; kesalahan penyusunan kalimat; dan kesalahan paragraf. Kedua, faktor penyebab kesalahan berbahasa dalam laporan hasil observasi siswa disebabkan oleh empat faktor, antara lain: penguasaan kaidah kebahasaan siswa kurang; ketidaktelitian dalam menulis; kurangnya motivasi menulis; dan kurangnya kosakata siswa. Ketiga, upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi kesalahan berbahasa dalam laporan hasil observasi siswa, antara lain: melaksanakan pembelajaran menulis dengan pendekatan proses, meningkatkan penguasaan kaidah bahasa siswa dengan membaca, dan memperbanyak latihan menulis.
The Effect of Lesson Study on Iranian EFL Teachers’ Perception of Teaching Speaking
Authors: Alipour Shahram
Published: August 2020

The Lesson Study project has gained popularity among teacher training centers and education offices. In the recent years, a new improvement movement has been started to focus on Lesson Study, so a base of secretariat has been founded and it was tried to expand this project in the country (Iran) and share the findings. Following this project, it was tried to study the lesson study’s effect on teachers’ perception of teaching speaking based on CLT. The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest and posttest design. To gather information about teachers’ perception of CLT and teaching speaking based on CLT, a questionnaire was designed by the researcher, and a pilot study was done to check its reliability. During lesson study project, the sample did lesson planning for Prospect book (English Book from Education Publication of Iran), presented their teaching in the workshops context, presented their teaching in the classroom context (at Allameh Helli school, Ahar), and observed the teaching team’s teaching. Then in a workshop, the observer and presenter teams reviewed the observation process and all of the teachers gave their technical and comments about the observation. Later, teaching phase was done in order to see the effectiveness of the suggestions. At the final workshop, teachers presented and documented their findings and conclusion about how to teach speaking based on CLT. Before and after this project, the participants’ teachers’ perception of teaching speaking were gathered and compared to each by running paired samples t-test. The results of this test lead to the finding that lesson study has positive effect on Iranian EFL teachers’ perception of teaching speaking based on CLT. The findings from this project can be very practical and useful for teachers and any whom involved in teacher training.
Fostering Foreign Writing Accuracy through Teachers’ Scaffolding of the Iranian Learners: The Case of Gender
Authors: Amini Sedigheh , Shabani Sara
Published: August 2020

The present study attempted to compare teacher’s corrective feedback on the intermediate EFL male and female learners in L2 writing accuracy. To this aim, 45 out of 65 EFL students participated in this study. They were selected through an Oxford Placement Test (OPT) among thirty learners. After giving OPT, 45 intermediate learners who scored one SD above and below the mean were excluded from the study. Three groups were selected: 15 male learners, 15 female learners and 15 male and female learners in the control group. The instrument was writing pre-and post-tests. Two experimental groups had teacher-student interaction conferencing for their classrooms. The conferences were based on the Aljaafreh and Lantolf’s regulatory scale (1994) in conferencing session. The learners’ errors were dealt with three grammatical structures: a) articles (a – an – the -Ɵ), b) past tense, and c) past progressive. In two weeks later, both of experimental groups revised their writing tasks. The result of this study was that interactional corrective feedback improved learners’ writing accuracy. The improvement of language learners in writing accuracy was appeared in the number and the length of interactional turns. Moreover, the result indicated that three groups had significant difference and the first null hypothesis of the study was rejected. Moreover, the male learners outperformed than female group in the interactional turns, but there was no significant difference between male and female learners in interactional turns. This study provided few implications for language teachers and curriculum developers such as providing interactional practices among language learners and teachers.
The Effect of Gallery Walk Technique on Pre-intermediate EFL Learners’ Speaking Skill
Authors: Namaziandost Ehsan , Rahimi Esfahani Fariba , Nasri Mehdi , Mirshekaran Rasool
Published: August 2020

A "Gallery Walk" is an action that permits students to examine and show their last work around a room much like artists would show their artistic pieces in a “exhibit.” It is a way that learners can share their group tasks or individual responses to a content in a stress-free way with the confirmation of getting some feedback from their learning network. This study investigated the impact of gallery walk technique on Iranian pre-intermediate EFL students' oral execution. Firstly, 60 homogeneous pre-intermediate students from a private language institute were selected and randomly divided into two equal groups, named as experimental and control group. Then they were pretested through a researcher-made speaking test. The learners in the experimental group received gallery walk technique and the control group continued the ordinary program of the classroom; they did not receive any treatment. After the treatment, the researchers administered the modified version of the mentioned pre-test as the post-test. Independent and Paired Samples T-tests were run to analyze the data. The results of post-test showed that experimental group outperformed the control group. The findings indicated that gallery walk technique improved Iranian pre-intermediate EFL learners' speaking ability.
The Effect of Multiple Intelligences on Language Achievement of Iranian EFL Learners
Authors: Sahebkheir Farnaz
Published: August 2020

Applying Multiple Intelligences Theory in lessons is a new teaching activity which makes learning more attractive and effective. Since every person has their own abilities and intelligences, teachers should be aware of these talents and skills in their students and contribute them in their teaching process. For conducting this study forty learners were divided as two male and female learners. Their homogeneity was assessed through a TOEFL test. In this paper, the researcher emphasized various intelligences and assessed learners MI through completing a questionnaire. The results show that female learners have higher multiple intelligences. Furthermore, female learners outperformed male learners in the final writing test. According to the results, there is a positive correlation between MI and writing skill. This study proves that teachers should pay attention to MI and try to apply them in their teaching methods.
Alternative Assessment: The Impact of Self-assessment vs. Peer-assessment on Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners’ Paragraph Writing Ability
Authors: Ghazizadeh Marzieh , Taghipour Bazargani Davood
Published: August 2020

The present study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of two types of alternative assessment, namely self- and peer-assessment in improving paragraph writing ability of Iranian Intermediate EFL learners. In so doing, 45 female learners who were studying at Pardis institute in Rasht, and in the 18-22 age range, were selected among 90 participants based on their performance on OPT. The participants were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group each consisting of 15 participants. A pre-test was administered to the three groups. Then, both experimental groups received 10-session treatments that were the use of self-assessment in the experimental group (A) and the use of peer-assessment in the experimental group (B). A post-test was then administered to all the three groups. A statistically significant difference was found between self, peer and traditional assessment. The results also revealed that the experimental group (B) that utilized peer-assessment achieved significantly higher proficiency in paragraph writing than the other two groups. Additionally, the experimental group (A) that received the use of self-assessment outperformed the control group. Based on the findings of this study, language teachers can utilize both kinds of alternative assessment investigated in this study (i.e. self-assessment and peer-assessment) to improve their learners’ paragraph writing ability.
Decision Making Model for the Adoption of Cloud Computing in Turkish Organizations: A Conjoint Analysis
Authors: SAYGINER Can , ERCAN Tuncay
Published: August 2020

Cloud computing became the most efficient resource for following the business processes of companies and providing the required ICT capability for the last 10 years. It is a well-known fact that different cloud computing services help firms to orient themselves effectively to their functional goals. Because many additional issues such as budget, human power, time, personnel training required to use resources will automatically be handled by service providers. However, the reality of storing organizational data outside the company causes prejudiced and skeptical thoughts in top manager’s mind for cloud computing adoption from the point of security and privacy. But, the companies will be using this technology ultimately since its cost and competition efficiency will become more important as data production grows all over the world and every field. In this study, we will identify the different service options of cloud computing in the companies and analyze the factors that affect these choices in the light of their decisions. Orthogonal experimental design is applied to identify choices based on seven attributes: economic values, cloud advantage, security and privacy concern, reliability, control, compatibility and features. Afterwards, conjoint analysis is implemented to rank the criteria of the alternatives from the choices gained from orthogonal experimental design.
Effect of the Substrate Structure and Metal Ions on the Hydrolysis of Undamaged RNA by Human AP Endonuclease APE1
Authors: Kuznetsova A. A. , Novopashina D. S. , Fedorova O. S. , Kuznetsov N. A.
Published: August 2020

Human apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease APE1 is one of the participants in the DNA base excision repair. The main biological function of APE1 is to hydrolyzethe phosphodiester bond on the 5-side of the AP sites. It has been shown recently that APE1 acts as an endoribonuclease and can cleave mRNA, thereby controlling the level of some transcripts. The sequences of CA, UA, and UG dinucleotides are the cleavage sites in RNA. In the present work, we performed a comparative analysis of the cleavage efficiency of model RNA substrates with short hairpin structures in which the loop size and the location of the pyrimidinepurine dinucleotide sequence were varied. The effect of various divalent metal ions and pH on the efficiency of the endoribonuclease reaction was analyzed. It was shown that site-specific hydrolysis of model RNA substrates depends on the spatial structure of the substrate. In addition, RNA cleavage occured in the absence of divalent metal ions, which proves that hydrolysis of DNA- and RNA substrates occurs via different catalytic mechanisms.