bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How to secure development environments
Authors: Giese Gerd , Bartel Frank
Published: January 2025

In July 2024, Porsche announced the discontinuation of its petrol-powered Macan sports utility vehicle (SUV) sales in Europe due to cyber security compliance issues with UN Regulation No. 155. This regulation mandates robust cyber security measures to protect vehicles from cyber threats, highlighting the direct impact of cyber security regulations on the automotive industry. While this is a drastic instance of a cyber security regulation directly affecting the automotive industry, other regulations, such as the Network and Information Security Directive (NIS2), impose cyber security standards in more subtle yet comprehensive ways. The NIS2 is set to transform cyber security expectations across various industries, including automotive manufacturing. NIS2 extends beyond simple compliance, emphasising proactive cyber security measures that start long before cars are built. The upcoming implementation in the automotive industry aims to enhance cyber resilience and mitigate the financial and reputational damage caused by cyber incidents. This directive covers the entire life cycle of a vehicle, from the initial design and development of the car and its software to the production and maintenance stages. This paper proposes that urgent action is required to safeguard the industry’s digital infrastructure from increasing cyber security threats.
Fast-changing cyber threat landscape and a new reality of cyber security
Authors: Kedys Antanas
Published: January 2025

The world is changing, for good or for bad — only we can decide and help shape it. This paper explores and examines the faster-than-ever changing security landscape, including cyber security vulnerabilities, modern threats, threats that these methods pose, and various issues that arose in subsequent years and continue to threaten the digital environment and our world. It reviews different countermeasures for these threats, evaluates and compares different security tools, from legacy to state-of-the-art and artificial intelligence (AI)-based new ones, which help to mitigate those evolving threats and dangers. Finally, the paper assesses the current situation in the cyber security job market, personnel and security management.
Financial liberalization, governance crisis and banking risk-taking in the CEMAC zone
Authors:   University of Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic, MBMON NDOUMBA Jean
Published: January 2025

The objective of this paper is to analyse the rule of corruption control and the rule of law in the relationship between financial liberalisation measures and bank risk taking in the CEMAC zone. Thus, it was obvious to use a panel model whose independent variables are supposed to explain the attraction or not of CEMAC banks to risk following the implementation of financial liberalisation programmes in a context where countries are trying to fight corruption and ensure the rights of the populations. The estimation results show that in the presence of anti-corruption measures, financial liberalisation programmes reduce banks' risk preference. These results contrast with those obtained in the context of rule of law development.
The multiple messages of the French elections outline the contours of a new international order
Authors:   University of Macedonia, Greece, NEGREPONTI-DELIVANIS Maria
Published: January 2025

Analyzed from a point of view foreign to this country, the French elections consolidate the tendencies and the reversals of tendency which began to appear in the Seventies in various parts of the world, coming from a country already known for its role of pioneer in social struggles they take on a particular meaning, and open up new horizons in this country and elsewhere.
Quantifying Boolean Selection Criteria
Authors:   Université du Littoral-Côte d’Opale, France, RYCKELYNCK Philippe
Published: January 2025

The decisions taken by boards of directors or strategic councils or even decision-makers during recruitment campaigns are often based on numerous binary (a.k.a. boolean) criteria, both dependent and often contradictory with each other. In addition, many decision-makers react according to incompatible pre-orders which, however, need to be aggregated. The question of providing quantitative measures to obviate all these complications is delicate in general, and yet fundamental. We propose here a methodological framework based on the assumption that the Booleans used are gathered into a few homogeneous groupings, thanks to which are formed easily interpretable quantitative statistics, such as a knowledge potential or a human resources potential, or a financial potential, for example. The representative cloud of alternatives gives rise to explicit and numerical measurements of these potentials by looking for the inertia of these potentials. In doing so, by working in a low-dimensional space, corresponding to all the potentials, the selection of alternatives ends with the Electre multi-criteria method. We apply this conceptual framework to a statistical survey of eco-entrepreneurs in the Dunkirk area.
Injury and External Cause Coding
Authors: Jampala Raghu Ram
Published: January 2025

Trauma and injury coding in ICD-10-CM encompasses a comprehensive classification system for documenting various types of injuries, their causes, and outcomes. The coding structure follows anatomical organization, beginning with head and neck injuries (S00-S19), proceeding through thorax and trunk (S20-S39), to extremities (S40-S99). Effects and complications codes (T07-T88) cover multiple body regions, foreign bodies, burns, frostbite, poisoning, and various complications. External cause codes document the circumstances of injuries, including transport accidents (V00-V99), falls, exposure to forces, and intentional harm. The system incorporates place of occurrence (Y92) and activity codes (Y93) to provide context. Encounter classification uses 7th character extensions to distinguish between initial (A) and subsequent encounters (D), with specific indicators for healing status. Sequela coding (S) documents late effects of injuries, requiring clear documentation of the time gap between original injury and resulting condition. Multiple injury coding follows a hierarchy prioritizing the most severe injuries, with specific guidelines for combining injuries and sequencing codes. This structured approach ensures accurate documentation of injury severity, causation, treatment phase, and outcomes in medical records
Coding Ethics and Compliance
Authors: D Jeslin
Published: January 2025

Medical coding ethics, compliance, and documentation requirements form the foundation of healthcare revenue integrity and regulatory adherence. Ethical coding practices demand truthfulness, accuracy, and professional integrity in code assignment based solely on clinical documentation. The comprehensive framework encompasses HIPAA compliance for protecting patient health information through administrative, physical, and technical safeguards. Documentation requirements establish standards for clear, consistent, and authenticated medical records that support code assignment and medical necessity. Fraud prevention strategies include systematic controls, monitoring systems, and compliance programs to identify and prevent fraudulent coding practices like upcoding and unbundling. Quality assurance programs implement regular monitoring, performance metrics, and error analysis to maintain coding accuracy and compliance. The framework addresses security incidents, breach notifications, and business associate relationships while emphasizing ongoing education, documentation retention, and compliance monitoring. Proper query processes ensure clarification of unclear documentation through objective communication. A structured approach to quality assurance incorporates performance metrics, error analysis, educational support, and continuous program improvement to maintain high coding standards. The integration of technology, team collaboration, and success measurements ensures sustained quality in medical coding operations while adhering to external regulatory requirements and professional standards
Coding by Body System
Authors: Bariki Rajasekhar
Published: January 2025

The ICD-10-CM coding system organizes diseases and conditions across major body systems, providing detailed classification for medical coding and billing. Chapters span infectious diseases, neoplasms, endocrine disorders, mental health, neurological conditions, circulatory system diseases, respiratory conditions, digestive disorders, musculoskeletal problems, genitourinary diseases, pregnancy/childbirth, and skin conditions. Each chapter includes specific code ranges with detailed subcategories for precise condition identification. Documentation requirements emphasize specificity in anatomical location, disease type, acuity, severity, causative factors, and associated manifestations. Key coding guidelines address proper sequencing, combination code usage, and additional code requirements for complete diagnostic representation. Multiple code scenarios require attention to underlying conditions, complications, and treatment status. Special documentation elements include staging information, risk factors, clinical indicators, and treatment responses. The system requires thorough clinical documentation to support accurate code assignment across all body systems, with particular emphasis on causal relationships, manifestations, and clinical specificity
Signs, Symptoms, and Ill-defined Conditions
Authors: Preeti Kumari
Published: January 2025

The classification and usage of R-codes (R00-R99) encompasses signs, symptoms, and ill-defined conditions in healthcare settings. A systematic categorization of symptoms spans major body systems including circulatory, respiratory, digestive, skin, nervous, musculoskeletal, and urinary systems, along with cognitive and general symptoms. Clear guidelines establish when to code signs and symptoms as primary or secondary diagnoses, emphasizing their use when no definitive diagnosis exists or when symptoms require additional monitoring beyond the primary condition. Distinct differences exist between inpatient and outpatient coding practices for uncertain diagnoses, with inpatient settings allowing coding of probable, suspected, or rule-out conditions, while outpatient settings require coding only confirmed diagnoses or presenting symptoms. Documentation requirements include symptom description, duration, severity, and treatment provided. Handling rule-out conditions and unspecified codes requires careful attention to documentation accuracy and appropriate use when clinical information is limited or unavailable
Navigation and Code Location
Authors: Sarella Prakash Nathaniel Kumar
Published: January 2025

The ICD-10-CM manual is structured as a comprehensive diagnostic coding system with multiple organizational components designed for efficient code location and accurate assignment. The manual's front matter includes essential instructional notes, conventions, and guidelines, followed by an alphabetically organized index. The tabular list comprises twenty-one chapters organized by body systems, with additional chapters for special circumstances. Codes follow an alphanumeric structure where the first three characters identify broad categories, while subsequent characters provide greater specificity. The manual employs various navigation aids including color coding, page headers, and margin notes to facilitate quick reference. Supplementary sections contain appendices and drug tables for additional reference. The Index to Diseases and Injuries follows an alphabetical organization with main terms and indented subterms, reflecting clinical terminology and anatomical relationships. The manual undergoes annual revisions and quarterly electronic updates to maintain currency with medical knowledge and coding requirements. Code format maintains consistency throughout, with specific notation systems for includes/excludes notes, sequencing guidance, and encounter types. The hierarchical structure progresses from general to specific concepts, with modifiers and anatomical specifications providing increasing levels of detail
Medical Terminology Essentials
Authors: Ajmire Prashant V
Published: January 2025

Medical terminology forms a systematic language structure based on word roots, prefixes, and suffixes primarily derived from Greek and Latin origins. The foundational components include word roots that convey core meanings of body parts or functions, combining forms that join roots with vowels for proper construction, and prefixes/suffixes that modify or enhance meaning. The anatomical terminology framework relies on standardized positional references and directional terms, with the body described through specific planes and cavities. Major body systems - integumentary, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive, endocrine, nervous, and lymphatic - each serve distinct physiological functions. Medical abbreviations streamline healthcare communication while requiring careful interpretation to avoid errors. Disease processes encompass inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, degenerative, and traumatic pathologies, along with metabolic, autoimmune, and genetic disorders. Procedural terminology systematically describes medical interventions through standardized language patterns, covering diagnostic, surgical, therapeutic, and minimally invasive procedures across various specialties.
Z Codes and Special Circumstances
Authors: Mangam Vinny Therissa
Published: January 2025

Z codes serve as essential indicators for healthcare encounters unrelated to disease or injury, encompassing various aspects of health status and care delivery. These codes span multiple categories including general examinations, screenings, potential health hazards, reproductive health, social circumstances, and follow-up care. Screening codes specifically target asymptomatic testing for early disease detection, while observation codes address evaluated but ruled-out conditions. Personal history codes document resolved conditions that may influence current care, particularly in areas such as previous malignancies, various diseases, and medical treatments. Status codes indicate ongoing conditions or situations affecting healthcare, including artificial openings, device dependence, and organ transplant status. Follow-up care codes document post-treatment surveillance and aftercare needs. Each category has specific documentation requirements and coding guidelines for proper implementation. The coding system emphasizes the importance of accurate sequencing, proper documentation support, and clear distinction between active and historical conditions. These codes play a crucial role in comprehensive health records by capturing circumstances affecting patient care, supporting medical necessity, and guiding treatment decisions
De-Merger and Its Effect on Performance: A Case Study of Piramal Enterprise Limited
Authors:   MVN University India, Gupta Anjali , Singh N.P.
Published: January 2025

This research paper presents the analysis of the demerger of Piramal Enterprises Limited into two entities, Piramal Pharma Limited and Piramal Financial Services Limited. The research paper examines the impact of demergers on the share prices of Piramal Enterprise Limited, Piramal Financial Services Limited, and Piramal Pharma Limited. On May 8, 2024, PEL completed a reverse merger with its subsidiary, Piramal Capital & Housing Finance Limited (PCHFL), and the combined entity, Piramal Finance Limited (PFL). In addition, the research paper examines the impact of this demerger on the financial metrics such as net sales, net profit, return on equity, and market capitalization. In this manner, the study highlights pre- and post-demerger fluctuations in these metrics, showcasing the demerger’s impact on the entities’ financial performance. The study also delves into the demerger process, the reason behind the demerger, and its framework in the context of relevant regulations and emphasizes the growing importance of demergers as a strategic tool for business growth.
Capacidades institucionales para la innovación. Revisión de experiencias latinoamericanas
Authors: García-Vegas Ricardo
Published: January 2025

El artículo se centra en el análisis de las capacidades institucionales desarrolladas por las organizaciones públicas, en entornos altamente complejos, para impulsar procesos de innovación sustentados en conocimientos y evidencias. El concepto de capacidad institucional sirve de base en la construcción del marco teórico. Se trata de un concepto clave en la ciencia política y de la Administración para el estudio de las organizaciones, así como de las políticas y servicios públicos. La capacidad institucional define una dimensión externa, relacionada con las habilidades de las organizaciones para construir modelos de gobernanza y, interna, vinculada con las habilidades y los recursos técnico-administrativos de las organizaciones para alcanzar sus objetivos y responder eficazmente a las necesidades de los ciudadanos. Se aborda de forma teórica la trayectoria del concepto de capacidad institucional y se establecerá una relación del concepto con el desarrollo de procesos de innovación pública. El artículo se ha elaborado a partir del análisis documental de los estudios de caso elaborados en el Observatorio Interamericano de Gobernanza e Innovación Pública (OIGIP).
Don't Let Perfectionism Slow You Down: A Practitioner's Guide to Overcoming Paralysis and Taking Action
Authors: Westover Jonathan
Published: January 2025

Abstract: This article examines the detrimental impacts of perfectionism in leadership and organizational settings. While high standards and attention to detail can drive performance, extreme perfectionism leads to decision paralysis, stifled innovation, and missed opportunities. The research reveals significant individual and organizational costs of unrealistic expectations, including increased stress, anxiety, depression, burnout, and a lack of agility in responding to changing market conditions. To overcome these challenges, the article proposes that leaders cultivate a "good enough" mindset focused on progress over perfection. Practical strategies are provided for developing this pragmatic approach at both the individual and team levels, drawing on examples from industry leaders like Amazon, Pixar, and Spotify. By institutionalizing a culture that normalizes mistakes, celebrates milestones, and incentivizes forward movement, organizations can accelerate decision-making and drive sustainable growth. The article underscores the critical role of consistent leadership in cementing these new norms to enable progress without the constraints of perfectionism.
GIDRAVLIK BURG‘ILASH MASHINASINING TEXNIK KO‘RSATKICHLARI VA SAMARDORLIK TAHLILI
Authors: Abduazizov Nabijon Azamatovich , Jurayev Akbar Shavkatovich , G‘aybullayeva Gulchiroy Zavqijonqizi
Published: January 2025

This article examines the operational performance of hydraulic drilling machines used in open-pit mineral extraction. The increasing complexity of geological conditions and the rising demand for modern technologies have necessitated the improvement of hydraulic system designs. The study analyzes drilling efficiency, hydraulic system stability, power sources, and operational costs, highlighting their impact on drilling processes. These analyses provide practical recommendations for enhancing the efficiency of drilling technologies.
Generation Z: AI Affinity and Adoption in Competitive German Organisations
Authors: Nebgen Tobias , Kurz Walter
Published: January 2025

Generation Z, having matured in an entirely digital environment, plays a central role in the adoption of AI within organisations. AI presents potential advantages such as enhanced productivity, process optimisation, and novel employment sectors, while simultaneously posing risks including job displacement, algorithmic biases, and ethical dilemmas. This paper examines the opportunities and challenges associated with this development. The study incorporates a literature review and two surveys conducted among LinkedIn users across diverse industries to assess the role of Generation Z in AI implementation and the relevance of AI-based systems for competitiveness. Data was collected over a seven-day period in December 2024. The first survey, comprising 202 participants (n = 202), focused on the role of Generation Z in the integration and use of AI in companies. The second survey, involving 345 respondents (n = 345), explored whether companies can remain competitive in the next three to five years without the use of AI-supported systems. A target function was developed to formalise business success in the context of AI integration, considering key factors such as technology acceptance, training intensity, and workplace design. The findings indicate that 58.42% of respondents consider Generation Z as central contributors to the integration of AI in organisations. A total of 69.57% of respondents indicated that they believe German companies can maintain their competitiveness without AI, whereas 30.43% regarded AI-supported systems as critical for maintaining competitiveness. While Generation Z exhibits a high level of technological affinity, older generations demonstrate a more cautious approach to adoption. The target function elucidates that business success is contingent upon a balance between technology acceptance and supportive measures such as training and transparent system design. The results indicate that Generation Z plays an important role in AI implementation within organisations. To address social and psychological concerns, such as job insecurity and cognitive strain, companies should adopt structured training, mentoring programmes, and change management measures to support responsible integration. The formal model implies that flexible workplace design and an organisational culture that support innovation contribute to successful AI implementation.
Groundwater Quality assessment: A Study on Effect of Treated Effluent in and around Shivanagara STP, Davanagere Taluk
Authors: - Kalpana B , - Dr. D P Nagarajappa , - Bhagyashree H N
Published: January 2025

This study examines the impact of treated effluent on groundwater quality near the Shivanagara STP in Davangere, highlighting the role of inadequate municipal sewage treatment practices and human activities in degrading topsoil and groundwater. Water samples from 17 locations were analyzed for physico-chemical properties and compared to the permissible limits set by the Bureau of Indian Standards. The findings indicate that percolation of treated effluent is contaminating the groundwater. According to the Water Quality Index (WQI) analysis, 99% of the samples are classified as good, while 1% are deemed poor. These results suggest that the STP's treatment processes are insufficient and improvements are necessary to prevent further groundwater contamination. To protect groundwater quality, wastewater treatment plants must enhance treatment before discharging effluent into canals or storage tanks.
Integrated Evaluation of Chemical Properties and Heavy Metal Levels in Agricultural Soils for Sustainable Environmental Management
Authors: - Jalajakshi D S , - Nagarajappa D P , - Bhagyashree H N
Published: January 2025

Agricultural soil health is crucial for sustainable food production and environmental sustainability. This study integrates the evaluation of chemical properties and heavy metal levels in agricultural soils to assess their impact on soil health and environmental sustainability. Soil samples from [location/region] were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, nutrient levels, and heavy metals (Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr). Results showed significant variations in chemical properties
and heavy metal concentrations, exceeding permissible limits in some cases. The study identifies correlations between chemical properties and heavy metal levels, highlighting potential risks to soil biota, human health, and the environment. The findings emphasize the need for sustainable soil management practices, including efficient irrigation systems, organic amendments, and regular monitoring.
Mathematical Model of Bingham Fluid Inside Asymmetric Stenosed Artery and Its Applications
Authors: - Dr. Mokshed Ali , - Dr. Mahmud Hussain Barbhuiya
Published: January 2025

This study is to analysis the two-layered model of blood flow inside asymmetric stenosed artery with the consideration that blood behaves like a Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid with different viscosities in the Peripheral layer and core regions. Further, in view of the existence of a velocity slip in blood flow regime, an axial slip condition as reported by many researchers is introduced at interface of the two-layers in the present analysis. The expressions for the flow characteristics namely the velocity profile, flow rate , the resistance to flow, the wall shear stress at the stenosis throat within the tube are obtained. Discussions are done from a physiological point of view with the help of graph.
Some Aspects of the Food Habits of Bodos
Authors: - Dr. Hargouri  Narzary
Published: January 2025

The food habits of Bodos are arguably rich and multifaceted which can be seen in their day-to-day socio-cultural life. They have rich cultural traditions of delicacies, recipes and cooking styles that flourished through generations handed down from their great-grandmothers. The present paper attempts to provide a short overview of food habits that still exist among rural Bodos.
Review of Herbal Hair Oil
Authors: - Mr. Pathare Pravin D , - Prof. Garud Neha S , - Dr. Khedekar Amol N , - Prof.Lagad Rutuja D , - Mr. Devikar Siddharth S
Published: January 2025

Herbal formulations always have activity and comparatively lesser or no side Effects with synthetic. The growth activity in a concentration range for 1-10% separately.Excellent results of hair growth were seen in formulation prepared by boiling method of oil preparation technique. Natural remedies AR acceptable in the belief that they are safer with fewer side effects than synthetic one. Herbal hair oil is one of the most well recognized for hair treatment. Herbal oil not only moisturizes scalp but also reserves dry scalp and dry hair condition. It provides various essential nutrients required to maintain function of sebaceous glands and promotes natural hair growth. Were subjected to test of sensitivity, pH, odour, colour etc. In Ayurveda medicine, herbs are used as an integral part of health care system. Besides healthcare, herbs are also used for beautification of the body and for preparation of various cosmetics and colors .The aim of present study involve spreparation of poly herbal hair oil using fresh leaves of various plants. The prepared herbal oils were subjected to photochemical screening,. The aim of present study involves preparation of poly herbal hair oil. Using the leaves in neem. The concept of beauty and cosmetics is as ancient as mankind and civilization. So, they use various beauty products that have herbs to look charming and young. Herbal cosmetics are now-a-days widely used by the common people because of concept of f ewer side effect sand with abettersa wetland security profiles
Investigate the effects of AI-optimized MRI evaluations on the decision-making process and treatment planning for patients with musculoskeletal disorders
Authors: - Vanshika
Published: January 2025

The rapid emergence of artificial intelligence has placed it as a transformative element in the healthcare landscape, particularly in medical imaging. AI-enhanced interpretation of MRI has great potential to significantly improve clinical decision-making and treatment planning in patients with musculoskeletal disorders. This abstract seeks to discuss the potential benefits, challenges, and ethical issues arising from integrating AI into MRI interpretation for musculoskeletal conditions.
Innovative Solutions for Grout Edgelifting Identification, Causes, and Mitigation through Best Practices and Reinforcement Techniques
Authors: - Aziz Hamid Farooqi
Published: January 2025

Grout edgelifting, characterized by the lifting or separation of grout along the edges of concrete or tiled surfaces, presents significant challenges in maintaining structural integrity and surface aesthetics. This issue often arises due to improper material selection, inadequate installation practices, environmental factors, and lack of compliance with grout manufacturer’s guidelines. The consequences include reduced durability, increased maintenance costs, and compromised safety. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of grout edgelifting, focusing on its identification, underlying causes, and preventive strategies. Detailed procedures including material preparation, application, and curing, are discussed alongside reinforcement techniques using dowel and wicket bars. The integration of these advanced methodologies ensures enhanced durability, better performance, and adherence to international standards. Laboratory and field data validate the effectiveness of these solutions, offering a reliable framework for addressing grout edgelifting in diverse construction applications.
Conflict, Peace, and Identity in Indian English Fiction: A Multifaceted Exploration
Authors: - Dr. Amit Yashvantrao Khapekar
Published: January 2025

Indian English fiction, a vibrant and diverse literary genre, provides a unique lens through which to explore the complex dynamics of conflict and peace in the Indian context. This research paper undertakes a comprehensive examination of how Indian English fiction portrays various forms of conflict—be it personal, social, political, or cultural—and the pursuit of peace amidst turmoil. Through a multidimensional analysis of select novels and short stories, this paper aims to elucidate the nuanced ways in which Indian writers negotiate themes of conflict and peace, reflecting the multifaceted reality of contemporary India. By interrogating narrative strategies, character development, and thematic concerns, this paper seeks to deepen our understanding of the intricate interplay between conflict and peace in Indian English fiction.
A New Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Estimation of Bempedoic Acid and Ezetimibe in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: - Ravindar Bairam , - G. Navya , - Manjunath S.Y , - P. Balakrishanaiah
Published: January 2025

A straightforward, Accurate, specific approach was created for the concurrent assessment of the Ezetimibe and Bempedoic Acid in pharmaceutical dimension structure. Chromatogram was experienced Inertial ODS C185 m (4.6 x 250mm). Portable phase having Phosphate support and also Acetonitrile in the percentage of 30:70 was siphoned through segment at a stream pace of 1ml/min. Cradle made use of at pH 4.6. Temperature was stayed on top of at Ambient. Boosted regularity for Ezetimibe as well as Bempedoic Acid was 260nm. Maintenance period of Ezetimibe and Bempedoic Acid were considered as 2.395 minutes and also 3.906 min. The percentage merit of Ezetimibe and Bempedoic Acid was considered as 100.6 percentage and also 101.3 percentage independently. The framework appropriateness boundaries for Ezetimibe and also Bempedoic Acid, for example, theoretical plates and complying with element were deemed 1.3, 1012.4 and also 1.2, 1848.2 the objective was viewed as 9.0. The linearity research for Ezetimibe and also Bempedoic Acid was discovered in focus scope of 1μg-5μg as well as 100μg-500μg and also link coefficient (r2) was considered as 0.999 and also 0.999, percentage mean recuperation was considered as 100.1 percentage and 100.4 percentage, percentage RSD for repeatability was0.31 and 0.38, percentage RSD for middle of the road accuracy was 0.12 and 0.15 separately the accuracy study was precise, powerful and repeatable. LOD esteem was 2.94 as well as 3.03, and also LOQ esteem was 9.87 and 10.1 individually.
The Role of Sari-Sari Stores in the Economy Dumaguete City
Authors: - Dr Ildefe T. Villanueva
Published: January 2025

This research examines the significance of sari-sari stores in Dumaguete City's economy in the Philippines. Sari-sari stores, which are small local convenience shops, are an essential component of the informal sector as they offer basic goods, credit services, and foster community interaction. By conducting a survey among sari-sari store proprietors, this study evaluates their economic impact on local income, job creation, and resilience. The results suggest that, although they operate on a small scale, sari-sari stores considerably contribute to the local economy.
A Comprehensive Review of Cross-Validation Techniques in Machine Learning
Authors: - Meenu Bhagat , - Dr. Brijesh Bakariya
Published: January 2025

In order to make sure that machine learning models are reliable and broadly applicable, cross-validation approaches are essential. They offer a methodical approach for adjusting hyperparameters, assessing model performance, and resolving issues with overfitting, unbalanced data, and temporal dependencies. This review article provides a thorough analysis of the many cross-validation strategies used in machine learning, from conventional techniques like k-fold cross-validation to more specialized strategies for particular kinds of data and learning objectives. In addition to current developments and best practices in cross-validation methodology, we go over the fundamentals, uses, benefits, and drawbacks of each technique. We also highlight important factors to take into account and recommendations for choosing suitable cross-validation procedures based on the properties of the dataset and the modelling goals. The objective of this study is to give academics and practitioners a thorough grasp of cross-validation approaches and their significance in developing robust and dependable machine learning models by synthesizing the available literature.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Cyber Laws in India
Authors: - Hemanth Kumar B R
Published: January 2025

This research paper explores the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and cyber laws in India, discussing how AI technologies are transforming the legal landscape designed to combat cybercrime. It discusses AI's dual role as both a powerful tool for enhancing cybersecurity and a means for executing sophisticated cyberattacks. In addition, it analyzes existing Indian cyber laws, their challenges, and proposes recommendations for reforming these laws to effectively address the complexities introduced by AI.
Preserving Our Past: A Thorough Examination of Methods and Technologies in Digital Heritage
Authors: - Amrapali Prakash Tribhuvan , - Dr. Binnaser Aziz Abdullah
Published: January 2025

This review paper explores the multifaceted landscape of digital heritage preservation and presentation, focusing on various methods and technologies employed in the field. The introduction highlights the significance of digital heritage in preserving and showcasing cultural, historical, and natural assets. It emphasizes the non-destructive nature of digital preservation methods, enabling wider access and research possibilities. The paper also discusses the relevance of cultural computing in creating engaging user experiences and recognizes its potential in bridging cultural gaps. The literature review section presents a diverse range of technologies and tools, such as ZENetic Computer, C-Vyasa Sanskrit, Pandulipi Samshodhak, JATAN, and immersive projects like "Alice in Wonderland."
The methods and technologies section delves into the technical aspects of digital heritage preservation. It explores photogrammetry, 3D depth sensing, 3D laser scanning, augmented reality, digital storytelling, focus stacking, and multiple view stereovision. Each technology is discussed in detail, highlighting its applications, benefits, and relevance in cultural heritage preservation. Finally, the comparative analysis section offers insights from various research papers and books, comparing different methodologies and approaches in the field. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of digital heritage preservation, showcasing the diverse methods and technologies that contribute to the safeguarding and presentation of our cultural heritage for future generations.
Review Paper on Nanoparticles: Properties, Synthesis, Applications, and Challenges
Authors: - Aman Kumar Singh , - Hakim Singh Rajput
Published: January 2025

Nanoparticles are ultrafine fine particle size range from 1-100 µm in diameter. They more show Brownian movement and do not settle down like Colloidal dispersion. Nanoparticles (NPs) are materials with unique properties that emerge at the nanoscale (1–100 nm). These properties make them highly versatile and valuable in a wide range of scientific fields, including medicine, electronics, energy, and environmental science. This paper provides a comprehensive review of nanoparticles, focusing on their classification, synthesis methods, properties, and various applications. The challenges in nanoparticle research and their potential toxicity issues are also discussed, along with future trends and directions.
The Relatonship between Financial Development and Economic Growth: The Case of West African Countries
Authors: - Dr. Savadogo Ali , - Prof. ELÇİN AYKAÇ ALP
Published: January 2025

This study examines the relationship between financial development and economic growth in seven countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) from 1970 to 2018. Vector autoregression and the Granger causality method were employed in this study to reveal the impact of financial development on investment, which is essential for long-term economic growth. In our study, investment, credit to the private sector, broad money, foreign direct investment, general government final expenditures, foreign trade, and savings are used as variables. The results of the analysis reveal that financial development indicators have a positive effect on investment. However, the degree of this effect differs from country to country. Credit to the private sector and broad money, which are indicators of financial development in some countries, have a low impact on investment, while in other countries, the impact is strong. Regarding Granger causality, four different results were found across the countries: a bidirectional causality between financial development and investment, a unidirectional causal flow from investment to financial development, a unidirectional causal flow from financial development indicators to investment, and no causality between financial development and investment.
The Role of Nanotechnology Materials in Education: Applications and Benefits
Authors: - Halil Kagan Fidan , - Robert Bulent Winter
Published: January 2025

Nanotechnology, the manipulation of matter at an atomic or molecular scale, has made significant inroads into various fields, including education. This paper reviews the applications of nanotechnology materials in school settings, exploring their benefits, challenges, and future prospects. The integration of nanotechnology in education can significantly enhance learning experiences, improve teaching methods, and equip students with critical skills for future careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields.
A Review of Semiconductor Metal Oxides for Hydrogen Sulfide and Methane Gas Detection
Authors: - Mr. Hemant K Suryawanshi , - Dr. Surendra M. Yenorkar
Published: January 2025

This review contains comprehensive study of semiconductor metal oxide films gas sensors. SMO are smaller in size, simple fabrication technique, sensitivity and selectivity is good. Review study paper offers understanding about the dopants impurity made the deviations in the SMO materials used to fabrication of gas sensor. Reviews study shows SnO₂-WO₃, ZnO, Au composites good for H2S and methane (CH4) gases it has sensitivity in the range 75 % to 90% at operating temperature between 200 0C to 350 0C. Composites of ZnO-Au, SnO₂, TiO₂ shows decent sensitivity in the range between 72 % to 95% at operating temperature between 200 0C to 350 0C towards H2S and methane (CH4) gases. Pure and composite of different SMO films prepared using Sol-Gel, Sputtering, CVD and Screen printing method result shows Screen printing technique is most preferred and it shows increase in sensitivity at lower operating temperature. This review provides summary of the advance and performance of pure and composites of ZnO and SnO2 based films sensors for H₂S and CH₄ detection, focusing on key parameters such as response time, operating temperature, sensitivity and fabrication technologies. It provides detail analysis of the pure and composite of SnO2 &ZnO towards H₂S and CH₄ and shows future perspective towards increase in sensitivity, lower operating temperature, response time and stability of gas sensor.
Enhanced Content Based Image Retrieval Using Integrated Color and Texture Features
Authors: - Ranjeet Kumar , - Dr. Narasimha Murthy M S
Published: January 2025

Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) has emerged as a crucial technique for collecting images from large databases based on their visual content, such as color, texture and shape. This paper introduces an enhanced CBIR system that combines color and texture features to enhance retrieval accuracy and performance. However, challenges related to dimensionality reduction, illumination variations, and feature selection remain, offering directions for future research.
Tribal Development in Odisha: Identifying Infrastructural Gap and Institutional Constraints
Authors: - Dr Kailash chandra Das
Published: January 2025

Tribal development has become an emerging area of research in the present era. The successive regimes in India have placed priority on inclusive economic growth and social justice keeping tribal development in the realm of policy framework. In this pursuit several tribal development programmes have been undertaken to achieve development and welfare of tribals in the country. Despite quite a good number of measures undertaken by the government the tribals remained far from the mainstream of civilisation. Odisha is the homeland of 62 tribes and comprise second largest tribal population in the country. Of the total population in the state 22.8 percent are tribal and eight districts of the sate have more than 50 percent tribal population.(SCST-2015-Research, Govt of Odisha).The aim of this paper is to identify the infrastructural gap in analysing the institutional constraints in the process of tribal development trends in Odisha. The endeavour is to put in place the causes of institutional constraints and the nature and extent of tribal development in Kalahandi District of Odisha. The objective is to resolve how their traditional life styles, remoteness of habitations, disperses population etc have affected the trends of tribal development. The sole purpose of this paper is to identify different issues like indebtedness, low literacy level, malnutrition, poverty diseases and exploitation with other parameters to measure the nature and extent of tribal development. The study is done in Saralanji village of Medinipur panchyat in Kalahandi District.
Beyond the Firewall: The Revolutionary Promise of Avaya Secure Access
Authors: - Shubhojeet Mukherjee
Published: January 2025

Unified Communication is transforming the way organizations operate, offering seamless integration of various communication tools into a single platform. At the forefront of this transformation is Avaya, an industry leader known for its innovative solutions that enhance productivity and security. One such groundbreaking innovation is the Avaya Secure Access Link (SAL) Gateway, a game-changer for secure remote support in Unified Communication environments. The SAL Gateway is designed to fortify your network by securely managing IP and Hostnames, ensuring that remote access is both safe and efficient. This technology not only protects valuable data but also simplifies the complexity of network security management. Avaya’s SAL Gateway acts as a robust intermediary, providing authorized access to your Unified Communication systems while keeping malicious entities at bay. With the rise of remote work, the necessity for secure, reliable communication solutions has never been more evident. Avaya’s approach to Unified Communication emphasizes the importance of security without compromising on performance. The SAL Gateway exemplifies this by offering unparalleled protection, reducing the risk of breaches, and maintaining the integrity of your communications infrastructure. In conclusion, Avaya’s Secure Access Link Gateway is more than just a security tool; it's a revolutionary promise for the future of Unified Communication. By securing IP and Hostnames, it ensures that your network remains resilient against potential threats, allowing your organization to thrive in an increasingly digital world.
Automated Pet Feeding and Hydration System Using IoT and Voice Control
Authors: - BHAVANA.B , - KAVYA.S , - ADARSH.S , - VIVEK BABU , - ALBY ALPHONSA JOSEPH
Published: January 2025

One of the rather complex aspects of owning a pet is the provision of day-to-day feeding and watering, in a manner that guarantees consistency. This challenge is especially prevalent with pet owners having hectic schedules or when they leave on business trips very frequently. If there were such a thing as smart solutions or capabilities to automate the process, it would greatly relieve many pet owners of these burdens. For this reason, the Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly becoming that solution for automating pet care. In this work, we propose an innovative IoT-based and voice-controlled pet-feeding-and-watering automation system that serves pet owners remotely so they can be anywhere while this exercise is implemented in real time. This research dwells extensively on the design, development, implementation, and experimentation of the system and at the end demonstrates how automation and smart technology can change the face of pet care as we understand it today.
تدخل المتلقي القديم في إعادة صياغة النص الشعري
Authors: الحنشي سالم علوي سالم حسين
Published: January 2025

اهتمت هذه الدراسة بدور المتلقي القديم في العملية الإبداعية الأدبية الشعرية تحديدًا، لا بوصفه ناقدًا مشاركًا بإنتاج دلالات النصوص وفق توجهات نظرية التلقي ورؤيتها إليه فحسب، بل بوصفه يمارس دورًا أكثر من هذا، يتمثل في قيامه بدور المبدع (الشاعر) في إنتاج النص الإبداعي الشعري، إذ كان المتلقي القديم يقوم بهذا الدور قصدًا حينًا وعن غير قصد حينًا آخر، إذ إن وسيلة حفظ النص ونقله المتمثلة في المشافهة والرواية والنقل من راوٍ إلى آخر يؤدي إلى اللبس أحيانًا وعدم التحقق من السماع، فيضع المتلقي ألفاظًا يتوهم أنه سمعها، وأحيانًا أخرى ينسى ما سمع فيضطر إلى وضع بدل ما نسيه، فضلًا عن ذلك فقد كان المتلقي يتدخل عن قصد في إعادة صياغة النص الشعري حتى يلائم أفق توقعه ويتجاوز ما قد ورد في النص مما يمثل خرقًا لأفق التوقع، فكان يتدخل إذا وجد تجاوزًا للمعتقد الديني أو خرقًا وعدم تناسب مع الواقع المألوف في بيئة العرب وعاداتها الاجتماعية والأخلاقية، وقد يأتي التدخل لسوء التركيب اللغوي الذي يؤدي إلى لبس أو غموض في الدلالة، وقد يأتي تدخل المتلقي في إعادة صياغة النص الشعري ليلائم المقام الذي قيل فيه، إذا وجد أن فيه عدم تناسب مع المقام الذي قيل فيه، وقد يأتي للعكس أيضًا، وهو حين يرى(المتلقي) أن المقام الذي قيل فيه النص غير مناسب، وسيكون أجمل وأبلغ أن هو قيل في مقام آخر غير المقام الفعلي الذي ألقي فيه، أي أن تدخل المتلقي قد عدل النص(المقال) ليلائم المقام، وعدل المقام ليلائم النص(المقال).