bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mental health nurses' resilience in the context of emotional labour: An interpretive qualitative study
Authors: Delgado Cynthia , Evans Alicia , Roche Michael , Foster Kim
Published: July 2022

Strengthening mental health nurses' (MHNs) resilience may help mitigate the negative effects of the emotional labour (EL) of their work. There is no prior evidence on MHNs' experiences of resilience in the context of EL. This interpretive qualitative study sought to explore how MHNs build and maintain their resilience in the face of high levels of EL. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 11 MHNs. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Four main themes were constructed. The first three; Being attuned to self and others, Having a positive mindset grounded in purpose, and Maintaining psychological equilibrium through proactive self‐care, describe how MHNs build and maintain their resilience. The fourth theme, Running on emotionally empty, describes what impedes MHNs' resilience. MHNs engaged in internal self‐regulatory processes to manage their mental and emotional state. They maintained intra‐ and inter‐personal boundaries and proactively used self‐care strategies to maintain their well‐being. Through this, they were able to replenish and sustain the energy required to maintain a state of equilibrium between themselves, their interpersonal practice, and their working environment, and to positively adapt to EL. However, lack of organizational support and high workplace demands can negatively impact MHNs' equilibrium and adaptive ability. There is a need for organizations to proactively work to reduce workplace stressors, and support MHNs' professional well‐being and practice. Education and support strategies focused on strengthening MHNs' resilience, well‐being, and mental health practice capabilities, including the provision of clinical supervision, and clear role expectations within MHNs' scope of practice are recommended.
Brazing SiC ceramic to Al0.3CoCrFeNi high‐entropy alloy using Ag–Cu filler metal
Authors: Sun Jie , Lei Yu , Fu Wei , Lin Danyang , Hu Shengpeng , Song Xiaoguo , Cao Jian , Yang Minxuan
Published: July 2022

Realizing the joining of SiC ceramic to Al0.3CoCrFeNi high‐entropy alloy is a technical interest for aviation, aerospace, and nuclear energy industry. In this study, the reliable brazing of SiC and Al0.3CoCrFeNi high‐entropy alloy was realized by inactive AgCu filler, which lays the foundation for the following research on ceramic‐high‐entropy alloy dissimilar joining. The interfacial microstructure was characterized by a scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope in detail, and the influence of Al0.3CoCrFeNi dissolution on interfacial reactions was studied. The effect of brazing temperature on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties was discussed. The results indicated that elements Ni, Fe, Co, and Cr from Al0.3CoCrFeNi were crucial for the joint formation. (Ni, Fe, Co)2Si + graphite + Cr23C6/(Cr, Fe)23C6 + (Ni, Fe, Co)2Si formed adjacent to SiC and (Fe, Co, Cr, Ni)–Si silicide + Cu(s,s) + Cu–Ni–Al‐rich phase formed next to Al0.3CoCrFeNi. The reaction layers on SiC side thickened and the morphology of (Fe, Co, Cr, Ni)–Si‐ and Cu–Ni–Al‐rich phase experienced distinct changes with the increasing temperature. The highest strength of ∼32.2 MPa was obtained at 850°C for 10 min.
Aquatic environments: A potential source of antimicrobial-resistant Vibrio spp.
Authors: Kumarage Prasanga Madhushani , De Silva Liyana Arachchilage Dinithi Sandunika , Heo Gang-Joon
Published: July 2022

Vibrio spp. are associated with water and seafood-related outbreaks worldwide. They are naturally present in aquatic environments such as seawater, brackish water and freshwater environments. These aquatic environments serve as the main reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant genes and promote the transfer of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial species to aquatic animals and humans through the aquatic food chain. Vibrio spp. are known as etiological agents of cholera and non-cholera Vibrio infections in humans and animals. Antimicrobial-resistant Vibrio species have become a huge threat in regard to treating Vibrio infections in aquaculture and public health. Most of the Vibrio spp. possess resistance towards the commonly used antimicrobials, including β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, sulphonamides, quinolones and macrolides. The aim of this review is to summarize the antimicrobial resistance properties of Vibrio spp. isolated from aquatic environments to provide awareness about potential health risks related to Vibrio infections in aquaculture and public health.
Development and application of CRISPR-based genetic tools in Bacillus species and Bacillus phages
Authors: Song Yafeng , He Siqi , Jopkiewicz Anita , Setroikromo Rita , van Merkerk Ronald , Quax Wim J.
Published: July 2022

Recently, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system has been developed into a precise and efficient genome editing tool. Since its discovery as an adaptive immune system in prokaryotes, it has been applied in many different research fields including biotechnology and medical sciences. The high demand for rapid, highly efficient and versatile genetic tools to thrive in bacteria-based cell factories accelerates this process. This review mainly focuses on significant advancements of the CRISPR system in Bacillus subtilis, including the achievements in gene editing, and on problems still remaining. Next, we comprehensively summarize this genetic tool's up-to-date development and utilization in other Bacillus species, including B. licheniformis, B. methanolicus, B. anthracis, B. cereus, B. smithii and B. thuringiensis. Furthermore, we describe the current application of CRISPR tools in phages to increase Bacillus hosts' resistance to virulent phages and phage genetic modification. Finally, we suggest potential strategies to further improve this advanced technique and provide insights into future directions of CRISPR technologies for rendering Bacillus species cell factories more effective and more powerful.
Effects of Scoparone on differentiation, adhesion, migration, autophagy and mineralization through the osteogenic signalling pathways
Authors: Park Kyung‐Ran , Kim Bomi , Lee Joon Yeop , Moon Ho‐Jin , Kwon Il Keun , Yun Hyung‐Mun
Published: July 2022

Scoparone (SCOP), an active and efficient coumarin compound derived from Artemisia capillaris Thunb, has been used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Herein, we investigated the effects of SCOP on the osteogenic processes using MC3T3‐E1 pre‐osteoblasts in in vitro cell systems. SCOP (C11H10O4, > 99.17%) was purified and identified from A. capillaries. SCOP (0.1 to 100 μM concentrations) did not have cytotoxic effects in pre‐osteoblasts; however, it promoted alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and activity, and mineralized nodule formation under early and late osteogenic induction. SCOP elevated osteogenic signals through the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)‐Smad1/5/8 pathway, leading to the increased expression of runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) with its target protein, matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP13). SCOP also induced the non‐canonical BMP2‐MAPKs pathway, but not the Wnt3a‐β‐catenin pathway. Moreover, SCOP promoted autophagy, migration and adhesion under the osteogenic induction. Overall, the findings of this study demonstrated that SCOP has osteogenic effects associated with cell differentiation, adhesion, migration, autophagy and mineralization.
Effect of encapsulation and natural polyphenolic compounds on bacteriophage stability and activity on Escherichia coli in Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia
Authors: Pacios‐Michelena Sandra , Rodríguez‐Herrera Raúl , Rincón‐Enríquez Gabriel , Ramos‐González Rodolfo , Flores‐Gallegos Adriana C. , Chávez‐González Mónica L. , de la Peña González Jonathan Enmanuel , Ilina Anna
Published: July 2022

The goals of the present study were to characterize the phages isolated by magnetic nanocomplex, to determine the effect of natural polyphenols on phage activity against E. coli and the stability of free and encapsulated bacteriophages under UV irradiation, and their efficacy against E. coli on romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia) as a fresh food model. The morphology of the two magnetically isolated phages were characterized using the transmission electron microscope (TEM). All isolated phages were classified in a morphological family of tailed phages of the order Caudovirales, Myoviridae family. The PCR results showed that the stx1 and cI genes were not on any phage. Assays were carried out to determine the effect of four polyphenolic natural extracts on phages under UV radiation. The highest activity and stability of phages expressed in phage titer (PFU/ml) were observed in the presence of polyphenols from tarbush leaves (Flourensia cernua DC). Coliphages were encapsulated in alginate/chitosan and alginate/PVA carriers with and without polyphenols from tarbush leaves. Encapsulation led to a higher phage stability under UV radiation. All encapsulated formulations and free coliphages were applied on the surfaces of romaine lettuce containing E. coli cells. An effective reduction of 2 log of E. coli titers from lettuce was observed. Encapsulated phage formulations with and without polyphenols from tarbush leaves could be considered for future application in fresh food preservation.
Efficacy and safety of a new peeling formulated with a pool of PHAs for the treatment of all skin types, even sensitive
Authors: Gentili Giulia , Perugini Paola , Bugliaro Stefano , D'Antonio Camilla
Published: July 2022

Background

Actually, the use of chemical peels in cosmetics and dermatology continues to grow due to their versatility, clinical endpoint–directed predictability, and favorable risk profile in comparison to lasers. The chemical peel is a generally safe method for treatment of some skin disorders and to refresh and rejuvenate the skin. The major challenge of chemical peels is the tolerability, that is because of sensitive skin which is one of the most common skin disorders.

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the new Miamo Renewal Peel Serum formulated with a pool of new generation acids (ELPA25™) on sensitive skin with respect to mandelic acid serum only and with respect to placebo comparison.

Materials and Methods

The “in vivo” study following the half‐face experimental protocol active versus placebo involved 30 healthy Caucasian female volunteers between 25 and 64 years, with sensitive skin, who were divided into two different groups. ELPA25™ serum was applied in one group three times a week for 8 weeks. The other group, with the same protocol, applied an active serum containing mandelic acid, as control, versus placebo. In particular, skin moisturizing, skin viscoelastic properties, skin surface smoothness, wrinkle reduction, and stratum corneum renewal were evaluated.

Results

Renewal Peel Serum was very well tolerated from sensitive skin. A significant decrease in skin roughness and wrinkle breadth, and an improvement in firmness and in skin elasticity, was observed after 2 months of treatment with respect both to mandelic acid serum and to placebo comparison.

Conclusions

Scientific protocol using self‐controlled study methodology and noninvasive skin bioengineering techniques with adequate statistical methods were able to evaluate both the safety and the efficacy of the new Miamo Renewal Peel Serum. This study highlighted that the Miamo Renewal Peel Serum formulated with a patent‐pending mixture of new generation acids (ELPA25™) exerts many beneficial effects and it can be successfully employed for sensitive skin.
The sword or the plowshare: Conflict and third‐party groups' reaction to violent versus nonviolent resistance
Authors: Ünal Helin , Adelman Levi , Leidner Bernhard
Published: July 2022

Around the world, movements for justice or social change struggle with the question of whether to use nonviolent or violent protest strategies. While research suggests that nonviolent strategies may be more successful than violent ones, people's preferences and support for different strategies may depend on their specific role in the conflict. We tested this in Study 1 in the context of the Kurdish question in Turkey (N = 320), and we found that Turks and Americans supported nonviolent movements more than violent movements, while Kurds were equally supportive of both. Study 2 (N = 192) replicated Study 1 and investigated whether the preference for nonviolent strategies among the third‐party group was dependent on the perceivers' specific preferred outcomes in the conflict. We found that, in the context of the Kurdish question in Syria, third‐party Americans still supported nonviolent movements more than violent movements regardless of their preferred outcomes, although the more that they preferred that Kurds would win the conflict, the more supportive they were of both nonviolent and violent protest movements. These studies suggest that the preference for nonviolent strategies may depend on people's role in the conflict, with important implications for addressing conflict needs and conflict resolution.
Contact‐free radar recordings of body movement can reflect ultradian dynamics of sleep
Authors: Heglum Hanne Siri Amdahl , Drews Henning Johannes , Kallestad Håvard , Vethe Daniel , Langsrud Knut , Sand Trond , Engstrøm Morten
Published: July 2022

This work aimed to evaluate if a contact‐free radar sensor can be used to observe ultradian patterns in sleep physiology, by way of a data processing tool known as Locomotor Inactivity During Sleep (LIDS). LIDS was designed as a simple transformation of actigraphy recordings of wrist movement, meant to emphasise and enhance the contrast between movement and non‐movement and to reveal patterns of low residual activity during sleep that correlate with ultradian REM/NREM cycles. We adapted the LIDS transformation for a radar that detects body movements without direct contact with the subject and applied it to a dataset of simultaneous recordings with polysomnography, actigraphy, and radar from healthy young adults (n = 12, four nights of polysomnography per participant). Radar and actigraphy‐derived LIDS signals were highly correlated with each other (r > 0.84), and the LIDS signals were highly correlated with reduced‐resolution polysomnographic hypnograms (rradars >0.80, ractigraph >0.76). Single‐harmonic cosine models were fitted to LIDS signals and hypnograms; significant differences were not found between their amplitude, period, and phase parameters. Mixed model analysis revealed similar slopes of decline per cycle for radar‐LIDS, actigraphy‐LIDS, and hypnograms. Our results indicate that the LIDS technique can be adapted to work with contact‐free radar measurements of body movement; it may also be generalisable to data from other body movement sensors. This novel metric could aid in improving sleep monitoring in clinical and real‐life settings, by providing a simple and transparent way to study ultradian dynamics of sleep using nothing more than easily obtainable movement data.
Whole‐genome phylogeography of the blue‐faced honeyeater (Entomyzon cyanotis) and discovery and characterization of a neo‐Z chromosome
Authors: Burley John T. , Orzechowski Sophia C. M. , Sin Simon Yung Wa , Edwards Scott V.
Published: July 2022

Whole‐genome surveys of genetic diversity and geographic variation often yield unexpected discoveries of novel structural variation, which long‐read DNA sequencing can help clarify. Here, we report on whole‐genome phylogeography of a bird exhibiting classic vicariant geographies across Australia and New Guinea, the blue‐faced honeyeater (Entomyzon cyanotis), and the discovery and characterization of a novel neo‐Z chromosome by long‐read sequencing. Using short‐read genome‐wide SNPs, we inferred population divergence events within E. cyanotis across the Carpentarian and other biogeographic barriers during the Pleistocene (~0.3–1.7 Ma). Evidence for introgression between nonsister populations supports a hypothesis of reticulate evolution around a triad of dynamic barriers around Pleistocene Lake Carpentaria between Australia and New Guinea. During this phylogeographic survey, we discovered a large (134 Mbp) neo‐Z chromosome and we explored its diversity, divergence and introgression landscape. We show that, as in some sylvioid passerine birds, a fusion occurred between chromosome 5 and the Z chromosome to form a neo‐Z chromosome; and in E. cyanotis, the ancestral pseudoautosomal region (PAR) appears nonrecombinant between Z and W, along with most of the fused chromosome 5. The added recombination‐suppressed portion of the neo‐Z (~37.2 Mbp) displays reduced diversity and faster population genetic differentiation compared with the ancestral‐Z. Yet, the new PAR (~17.4 Mbp) shows elevated diversity and reduced differentiation compared to autosomes, potentially resulting from introgression. In our case, long‐read sequencing helped clarify the genomic landscape of population divergence on autosomes and sex chromosomes in a species where prior knowledge of genome structure was still incomplete.
Screening of azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus using the EUCAST E.Def 10.2 azole‐containing agar method: A single study suggests that filtration of conidial suspensions prior to inoculum preparation may not be needed
Authors: Serrano‐Lobo Julia , Gómez Ana , Reigadas Elena , Muñoz Patricia , Escribano Pilar , Guinea Jesus ,   the ASPE IN Study Group
Published: July 2022

Background

Azole resistance screening in Aspergillus fumigatus isolates can be routinely carried out by using azole‐containing plates (E.Def 10.2 method), that requires filtering conidial suspensions prior inoculum adjustment.

Objectives

We evaluated whether skipping the filtration step of conidial suspensions negatively influences the performance of the E.Def 10.2.

Patients/Methods

A. fumigatus sensu stricto isolates (n = 92), classified as azole‐susceptible or azole‐resistant according to the EUCAST microdilution E.Def 9.4 method, were studied. Azole‐resistant isolates had either wild type cyp51A gene sequence (n = 3) or the TR34‐L98H (n = 26), G54R (n = 5), TR46‐Y121F‐T289A (n = 1), F46Y‐M172V‐N248T‐D255E‐E427K (n = 1), F165L (n = 1) or G448S (n = 1) cyp51A gene substitutions. In‐house azole‐containing agar plates were prepared according to the EUCAST E.Def 10.2 procedure. Conidial suspensions were obtained by adding distilled water (Tween 20 0.1%). Subsequently, the suspensions were either filtered or left unfiltered prior to inoculum adjustment to 0.5 McFarland. Using microdilution as the gold standard, agreement, sensitivity and specificity of the agar plates inoculated with two inoculums were assessed.

Results

Agreements for the agar screening method with either unfiltered or filtered conidial suspensions were high for itraconazole (100%), voriconazole (100%) and posaconazole (97.8%). Sensitivity (100%) and specificity (98.2%) of the procedure to rule in or out resistance when unfiltered suspensions were used were also high. Isolates harbouring the TR34‐L98H, G54R and TR46‐Y121F‐T289A substitutions were detected with the modified method.

Conclusions

Unfiltered conidial suspensions does not negatively influence the performance of the E.Def 10.2 method when screening for A. fumigatus sensu stricto.
Laccaria bicolor pectin methylesterases are involved in ectomycorrhiza development with Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides
Authors: Chowdhury Jamil , Kemppainen Minna , Delhomme Nicolas , Shutava Iryna , Zhou Jingjing , Takahashi Junko , Pardo Alejandro G. , Lundberg‐Felten Judith
Published: July 2022

The development of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbioses between soil fungi and tree roots requires modification of root cell walls. The pectin‐mediated adhesion between adjacent root cells loosens to accommodate fungal hyphae in the Hartig net, facilitating nutrient exchange between partners. We investigated the role of fungal pectin modifying enzymes in Laccaria bicolor for ECM formation with Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides.

We combine transcriptomics of cell‐wall‐related enzymes in both partners during ECM formation, immunolocalisation of pectin (Homogalacturonan, HG) epitopes in different methylesterification states, pectin methylesterase (PME) activity assays and functional analyses of transgenic L. bicolor to uncover pectin modification mechanisms and the requirement of fungal pectin methylesterases (LbPMEs) for ECM formation.

Immunolocalisation identified remodelling of pectin towards de‐esterified HG during ECM formation, which was accompanied by increased LbPME1 expression and PME activity. Overexpression or RNAi of the ECM‐induced LbPME1 in transgenic L. bicolor lines led to reduced ECM formation. Hartig Nets formed with LbPME1 RNAi lines were shallower, whereas those formed with LbPME1 overexpressors were deeper.

This suggests that LbPME1 plays a role in ECM formation potentially through HG de‐esterification, which initiates loosening of adjacent root cells to facilitate Hartig net formation.
EARLY ISLAMIC CRUDE HANDMADE WARE: NEW INSIGHTS ON THE TYPOLOGY, CHRONOLOGY AND PROVENANCE OF A SOUTHERN LEVANTINE HANDMADE POTTERY
Authors: Taxel Itamar , Shamir Orit , Waiman‐Barak Paula , Ondricek Willie , Ayalon Etan
Published: July 2022

This study presents new evidence about a class of Early Islamic ceramics that have been largely overlooked; namely, crude handmade ware, sometimes previously referred to as ‘Negebite’ Ware, typical of the southern portions of what is now modern‐day Israel and Jordan. A large array of handmade vessels retrieved in excavations of an Early Islamic settlement in the Yotvata oasis of the ‘Arabah Valley, Israel and comparative material from neighbouring sites, provide a basis for new perceptions. These consist of a typo‐chronology of Early Islamic crude handmade wares, clarification of previously unrecognized production techniques (including ones based on evidence from textile impressions), and the results of initial petrographic analysis. We also explore chronological and cultural links between this family of ceramics and other endemic Islamic‐period handmade wares that are known from the region.
Long non‐coding RNA, a supreme post‐transcriptional immune regulator of bacterial or virus‐driven immune evolution in teleost
Authors: Haridevamuthu B. , Guru Ajay , Velayutham Manikandan , Snega Priya P. , Arshad Aziz , Arockiaraj Jesu
Published: July 2022

The global aquaculture boom, fuelled by a reduction in wild population and detection of novel viruses, has created a demanding market, hence, there is a pressing need to investigate the immune system of fish, further. As the most diverse community of vertebrates and a central contributor to the progressing global aquaculture market, teleost continues to draw vast scientific interest. Recent breakthroughs in multi‐omics technologies have provided a platform to understand the role of long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) in the host immune system during infection. Emerging evidence shows that teleost lncRNA might have a regulatory role in immune responses, mostly through lncRNA–microRNA (miRNA) sponging. Teleost lncRNA shares a functionally active short sequence complement to target the miRNA which is conserved among the several fish species. Recent report suggests that rhabdovirus exploits a lncRNA in teleost and, to dodge the host immune mechanism and negatively regulate the immune system. This observation reveals the essentiality of lncRNA in pathogen‐driven immunity in teleost. Reports available on the function of teleost lncRNA are still in early stages and experimental verifications are a limiting factor. Unravelling the lncRNA‐mediated immune regulation in fishes could be used against the invading pathogens to strengthen the aquaculture production. This review elaborates on the experimentally identified and functionally characterized lncRNA and its regulatory role in the teleost immune response during infection and pathogen‐driven host immune evolution, which could eventually lead to achieving high standards in aquaculture productivity.
Genes and race in the era of genetic ancestry testing: The geneticization of identity and the social deconstruction of whiteness
Authors: Hunt Whitney , Merolla David M.
Published: July 2022

The link between racial identity and biology has long been a topic of fascination within the US popular imagination. After the completion of the Human Genome Project, this fascination has increased as journalists and others have continued to search for a genetic basis of racial classifications. Moreover, the increasing popularity of genetic ancestry testing (GAT) is spurring a geneticization of identity as individuals are encouraged to change their racial identity based on their genetic profiles, rather than their social location. Scholarship suggests white Americans are more likely to take GATs and change their identity based on results. This paper reviews the literature on links between race and genes and GAT. We argue that GAT is a racial project prompting white individuals to engage in an inverse process of constructing race, a process we call “the social deconstruction of whiteness.” That is, GATs allow white individuals to use the imprimatur of genetic science to claim alternative identities in an era where the socially constructed category of “white” is losing its salience and the history of white supremacy is becoming more widely recognized. This process could lead society from “racism without racists” and towards “white supremacy without whites.”
Reconfiguring research relevance – steps towards salvaging the radical potential of the co-productive turn in searching for sustainable solutions
Authors: Refstie Hilde
Published: July 2022

In this lecture, I discuss the role of academia in addressing “fast policymaking” on sustainability. I suggest that the co-productive turn, whereby universities are increasingly expected to engage with a diverse set of actors, including citizens, can provide checks and balances to top-heavy bureaucracy, political elites, and market power in sustainability processes. However, if research relevance continues to be defined in neoliberal terms as meeting the needs of the economy and industry, this potential will not be realized. Drawing inspiration from the “slow research movement”, the call for more reflexive co-production in sustainability science, decolonial scholarship, and alternative debates on research impact, I propose a critical reconfiguration of research relevance that would respond better to the multiple imperatives of research to be critical, rooted, explanatory and actionable. However, this reconfiguration would be contingent on active scholarly engagement with the politics that condition relevance. Drawing on my experiences from participating in a collective named New University Norway, I end the lecture by offering some thoughts about the ‘new’ university in co-producing sustainable solutions.
Confirming the presence of the phoront species Sennertia (Sennertia) gargantua Zachvatkin (Astigmata: Chaetodactylidae) dispersing on a Carpenter bee in Turkey
Authors: Doğan Salih
Published: July 2022

Sennertia is a diverse and widely distributed genus of mites within the family Chaetodactylidae, and the most successful group of mites in establishing phoretic relationships with bees. Although 77 valid species of Sennertia are known in the world, only two species, Sennertia (Sennertia) gargantua Zachvatkin and Sennertia (S.) zhelochovtsevi Zachvatkin have been recorded from Turkey. But, these two bee-associated species have not been noticed and not listed in the studies on mite fauna of Turkey. OConnor & Klimov in 2003 and Klimov & OConnor in 2008 stated that the distribution information of Sennertia (S.) gargantua in Turkey was probably an error. This paper reports the presence of Sennertia (S.) gargantua on a Carpenter bee in Turkey with an additional new record of the genus from Turkey, viz. Sennertia (S.) cerambycina (Scopoli). In the present work, a key to the known species for Turkey is also provided. It is noticed that genital setae are duplicated on the right side of an examined specimen of Sennertia (S.) gargantua. In the genus, some variations and local anomalies have been previously recorded; however, no abnormalities of the genital setae in Sennertia have been reported.
Modal-MUSIC: A passive mode estimation algorithm for partially spanning arrays
Authors: Akins F. Hunter , Kuperman W. A.
Published: July 2022

State-of-the-art mode estimation methods either utilize active source transmissions or rely on a full-spanning array to extract normal modes from noise radiated by a ship-of-opportunity. Modal-MUSIC, an adaptation of the MUSIC algorithm (best known for direction-of-arrival estimation), extracts normal modes from a moving source of unknown range recorded on a partially spanning vertical line array, given knowledge of the water column sound speed profile. The method is demonstrated on simulations, as well as on data from the SWellEx-96 experiment. Extracted normal modes from ship noise during the experiment are used to successfully localize a multitone source without any geoacoustic information.
Reliability and Sensitivity of Nocturnal Heart Rate and Heart-Rate Variability in Monitoring Individual Responses to Training Load
Authors: Nuuttila Olli-Pekka , Seipäjärvi Santtu , Kyröläinen Heikki , Nummela Ari
Published: July 2022

Purpose: To assess the reliability of nocturnal heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) and to analyze the sensitivity of these markers to maximal endurance exercise. Methods: Recreational runners recorded nocturnal HR and HRV on nights after 2 identical low-intensity training sessions (n = 15) and on nights before and after a 3000-m running test (n = 23). Average HR, the natural logarithm of the root mean square of successive differences (LnRMSSD), and the natural logarithm of the high-frequency power (LnHF) were analyzed from a full night (FULL), a 4-hour (4H) segment starting 30 minutes after going to sleep, and morning value (MOR) based on the endpoint of the linear fit through all 5-minute averages during the night. Differences between the nights were analyzed with a general linear model, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used for internight reliability assessments. Results: All indices were similar between the nights followed by low-intensity training sessions. A very high ICC (P < .001) was observed in all analysis segments with a range of .97 to .98 for HR, .92 to .97 for LnRMSSD, and .91 to .96 for LnHF. HR increased (P < .001), whereas LnRMSSD (P < .01) and LnHF (P < .05) decreased after the 3000-m test compared with previous night only in 4H and FULL. Increments in HR (P < .01) and decrements in LnRMSSD (P < .05) were greater in 4H compared with FULL and MOR. Conclusions: Nocturnal HR and HRV indices are highly reliable. Demanding maximal exercise increases HR and decreases HRV most systematically in 4H and FULL segments.
Using Simultaneous Confidence Bands to Calculate the Margin of Error in Estimating Typical Biomechanical Waveforms
Authors: Anderst William , Charles Shaquille , Zarei Milad , Mani Ashika , Frankston Naomi , Hammersley Elliott , Zhang Gehui , Hogan MaCalus , Krafty Robert T.
Published: July 2022

Studies of human movement usually collect data from multiple repetitions of a task and use the average of all movement trials to approximate the typical kinematics or kinetics pattern for each individual. Few studies report the expected accuracy of these estimated mean kinematics or kinetics waveforms for each individual. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how simultaneous confidence bands, which is an approach to quantify uncertainty across an entire waveform based on limited data, can be used to calculate margin of error (MOE) for waveforms. Bilateral plantar pressure data were collected from 70 participants as they walked over 4 surfaces for an average of at least 300 steps per surface. The relationship between MOE and the number of steps included in the analysis was calculated using simultaneous confidence bands, and 3 methods commonly used for pointwise estimates: intraclass correlation, sequential averaging, and T-based MOE. The conventional pointwise approaches underestimated the number of trials required to estimate biomechanical waveforms within a desired MOE. Simultaneous confidence bands are an objective approach to more accurately estimate the relationship between the number of trials collected and the MOE in estimating typical biomechanical waveforms.
Sound induces analgesia through corticothalamic circuits
Authors: Zhou Wenjie , Ye Chonghuan , Wang Haitao , Mao Yu , Zhang Weijia , Liu An , Yang Chen-Ling , Li Tianming , Hayashi Lauren , Zhao Wan , Chen Lin , Liu Yuanyuan , Tao Wenjuan , Zhang Zhi
Published: July 2022

Sound—including music and noise—can relieve pain in humans, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain unknown. We discovered that analgesic effects of sound depended on a low (5-decibel) signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) relative to ambient noise in mice. Viral tracing, microendoscopic calcium imaging, and multitetrode recordings in freely moving mice showed that low-SNR sounds inhibited glutamatergic inputs from the auditory cortex (ACx
Glu
) to the thalamic posterior (PO) and ventral posterior (VP) nuclei. Optogenetic or chemogenetic inhibition of the ACx
Glu
→PO and ACx
Glu
→VP circuits mimicked the low-SNR sound–induced analgesia in inflamed hindpaws and forepaws, respectively. Artificial activation of these two circuits abolished the sound-induced analgesia. Our study reveals the corticothalamic circuits underlying sound-promoted analgesia by deciphering the role of the auditory system in pain processing.
Remembrance of infections past
Authors: Stacy Apollo
Published: July 2022

Host-derived metabolite trains the microbiota to develop colonization resistance
Interrogating the final frontier from afar
The End of Astronauts
Donald Goldsmith and Martin Rees
Belknap Press, 2022. 192 pp.
Authors: Shindell Matt
Published: July 2022

Robots are better equipped for space exploration than humans, argue a pair of authors
Hearts by design
Authors: Sefton Michael V. , Simmons Craig A.
Published: July 2022

Scalable biofabrication of heart helical tissue pattern augments pumping function
Scientists decry reversal of U.S. abortion rights
Authors: Langin Katie
Published: July 2022

For some, the ruling limits professional mobility and conference attendance
Preclinical Evaluation of Recombinant Microbial Glycoside Hydrolases as Antibiofilm Agents in Acute Pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection
Authors: Ostapska Hanna , Raju Deepa , Corsini Rachel , Lehoux Melanie , Lacdao Ira , Gilbert Stephanie , Sivarajah Piyanka , Bamford Natalie C. , Baker Perrin , Gravelat Fabrice N. , Howell P. Lynne , Sheppard Donald C.
Published: July 2022

The bacterium
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
can colonize the airways of patients with chronic lung disease. Within the lung,
P. aeruginosa
forms biofilms that can enhance resistance to antibiotics and immune defenses.
P. aeruginosa
biofilm formation is dependent on the secretion of matrix exopolysaccharides, including Pel and Psl.
Evolution of the North American Lineage H7 Avian Influenza Viruses in Association with H7 Virus’s Introduction to Poultry
Authors: Youk Sungsu , Leyson Christina , Killian Mary Lea , Torchetti Mia Kim , Lee Dong-hun , Suarez David L. , Pantin-Jackwood Mary J.
Published: July 2022

Wild bird-origin H7 subtype avian influenza viruses are a constant threat to commercial poultry, both directly by the disease they cause and indirectly through trade restrictions that can be imposed when the virus is detected in poultry. It is important to understand the genetic basis of why the North American lineage H7 viruses have repeatedly crossed the species barrier from wild birds to poultry.
Ddp1 Cooperates with Ppx1 to Counter a Stress Response Initiated by Nonvacuolar Polyphosphate
Authors: McCarthy Liam , Abramchuk Iryna , Wafy Gamal , Denoncourt Alix , Lavallée-Adam Mathieu , Downey Michael
Published: July 2022

Cells from bacteria to humans have a molecule called polyphosphate (polyP) that functions in diverse processes. In many microbes, polyP is sequestered in granules or lysosome-related organelles such as vacuoles.
Evolutionary Instability of Collateral Susceptibility Networks in Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Clinical Escherichia coli Strains
Authors: Sørum Vidar , Øynes Emma L. , Møller Anna S. , Harms Klaus , Samuelsen Ørjan , Podnecky Nicole L. , Johnsen Pål J.
Published: July 2022

Antimicrobial resistance occurs due to genetic alterations that affect different processes in bacteria. Thus, developing resistance toward one antimicrobial drug may also alter the response toward others (collateral effects).
Enzymatic Specificity of Conserved Rho GTPase Deamidases Promotes Invasion of Vibrio parahaemolyticus at the Expense of Infection
Authors: Lafrance Alexander E. , Chimalapati Suneeta , Garcia Rodriguez Nalleli , Kinch Lisa N. , Kaval Karan Gautam , Orth Kim
Published: July 2022

Many species of intracellular bacterial pathogens target host small Rho GTPases to initiate invasion, including the human pathogens
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
and uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(UPEC). The type three secretion system (T3SS) effector VopC of
V. parahaemolyticus
promotes invasion through the deamidation of Rac1 and CDC42 in the host, whereas the secreted toxin cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1) drives UPEC’s internalization through the deamidation of Rac1, CDC42, and RhoA.
Molecular Cut-off Values for Aliarcobacter butzleri Susceptibility Testing
Authors: Jehanne Quentin , Bénéjat Lucie , Ducournau Astrid , Bessède Emilie , Lehours Philippe
Published: July 2022

Aliarcobacter butzleri
is an emerging and concerning intestinal pathogen. Very few studies have focused on this particular species, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is based on methods that have been mostly developed for
Campylobacter
spp.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from Nepal Producing Two Novel Antibiotic Inactivating Enzymes, a Class A β-Lactamase KBL-1 and an Aminoglycoside 6′-
N
-Acetyltransferase AAC(6′)-Iap
Authors: Kawauchi Ryota , Tada Tatsuya , Sherchan Jatan B. , Shrestha Shovita , Tohya Mari , Hishinuma Tomomi , Kirikae Teruo , Sherchand Jeevan B.
Published: July 2022

The emergence of drug-resistant
S. maltophilia
has become a serious problem in medical settings worldwide. The present study demonstrated that drug-resistant
S. maltophilia
strains in Nepal harbored novel genes encoding a class A β-lactamase, KBL-1, or a 6′-N-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase, AAC(6′)-Iap.
Characteristics of Escherichia coli Urine Isolates and Risk Factors for Secondary Bloodstream Infections in Patients with Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Choi Hyeon Jin , Jeong Seok Hoon , Shin Kyeong Seob , Kim Young Ah , Kim Young Ree , Kim Hyun Soo , Shin Jong Hee , Shin Jeong Hwan , Uh Young , Bae Songmee , Yoon Eun-Jeong , Yoo Jung Sik
Published: July 2022

Approximately half of the BSIs caused by
E. coli
are secondary to
E. coli
UTIs. Since the uropathogenic
E. coli
causing most of the UTIs is genetically diverse, understanding the risk factors in the
E. coli
urine isolates causing the BSI is important for pathophysiology.
Albian–Cenomanian granitoid magmatism in Eastern and Central Tibet as a result of diachronous, continental collision induced slab tear propagation
Authors: Gao Xue , Dilek Yildirim
Published: July 2022

A discrete belt of Albian–Cenomanian granitoid plutons occurs in the Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes in the Central (CTP) and Eastern Tibetan Plateau (ETP) and represents a major magmatic pulse in the plateau’s crustal evolution during the Cretaceous. The geochemistry, petrogenesis, and magmatic development of these granitoids are different from those of magmatic arc granitoids along the southern edges of the Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes, indicating different heat and melt sources and tectonic setting of their formation. We present here new mineral, whole-rock and isotope geochemistry, and zircon U-Pb age data from the Xiasai pluton in the ETP and discuss its geochemical-petrological characteristics and magmatic development in comparison to the other Cretaceous plutons in the ETP and CTP, and within the tectonic framework of the Mesotethyan geology of Tibet. Zircons from the Xiasai and other plutons in the ETP have yielded U-Pb ages ranging from 106 Ma to 93 Ma in comparison to 115 Ma and 100.3 Ma zircons from the Southern Qiangtang Terrane (SQT) and 113.4 Ma and 109 Ma zircons from the Northern Lhasa Terrane (NLT) farther west. The Cretaceous granitoids in the ETP and CTP range in composition from granite, K-feldspar granite to monzogranite and biotite monzogranite, representing highly fractionated I-type granites with relatively high SiO2 and K2O contents, variable (Na2O + K2O)/CaO and FeOT/MgO ratios, and (Zr + Nb + Ce + Y) abundances. They display significant negative Eu anomalies (Eu/*Eu) = 0.04–0.12) and strong depletions in Sr and Ba, and are strongly enriched in large ion lithophile elements but depleted in high field strength elements. Their εHf(t) values correspond to wide ranging Hf isotope crustal model ages (TDMC) of 0.3–1.9 Ga, and their Sr-Nd isotopic signatures show elevated (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios (0.7034–0.7105) and negative εNd(t) values of –8.8 to –4.9. These high whole-rock (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios and relatively high Th/Nb and Th/Yb ratios indicate incorporation of melts derived from partial melting of subducted sediments into the melt evolution of these granitoids that involved partial melting of the subduction-metasomatized lithospheric mantle and the mafic- to intermediate-composition continental crust. The extant zircon crystallization ages of the granitoid intrusions in the CTP and ETP show eastward younging of their emplacement from 115 Ma to 93 Ma, suggesting an apparent eastward migration of the heat source through time. A diachronous collision of the NLT with the SQT during 145–120 Ma and the subsequent slab breakoff induced, eastward propagated slab tear and asthenospheric upwelling produced the hybrid melts of the Albian–Cenomanian granitoids and their emplacement in a discrete, narrow magmatic belt in the CTP and ETP.
Case of reactive sacroiliitis possibly induced by an mRNA coronavirus disease vaccine
Authors: Roux Nicolas , Poussing Sophie , Maurier François
Published: July 2022

A woman in her 30s received a second dose, first booster, Corminaty vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2. Three days later, the patient developed unilateral sacroiliitis. A pelvic scan revealed inflammatory joint edges, bone erosion and a heterogeneous mass of 2.5 cm in the psoas muscle. Joint puncture revealed no microcrystalline deposits, but bone marrow cells, erythroblast were identified. The standard bacterial cultures and culture for mycobacteria were negative. HLA B27 was negative, and no seroconversion was identified for HIV, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, chlamydia or Quantiferon. Two months later, the sacroiliitis resolved.

The aetiologic approach of this erosive unilateral acute sacroiliitis in a person naïve to rheumatologic pathology was negative for inflammatory or infectious sacroiliitis. Arthralgias after vaccination are expected. Arthritis is less common, and acute sacroiliitis has not yet been described. Acute sacroiliitis may be considered a reactive sacroiliitis to the anti-COVID-19 mRNA vaccine.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for treatment of a late presenting ischaemic complication from hyaluronic acid cosmetic filler injection
Authors: Jalilian Farhang , Hetz Samuel P , Bostwick Joanna , Boet Sylvain
Published: July 2022

Vascular compromise and resulting ischaemic injury are known rare complications of cosmetic filler injections. Most hyaluronic acid vascular compromises present early and can be treated effectively by hyaluronidase. Here we present a case of ischaemic wound and mucosal necrosis after cosmetic facial hyaluronic acid injection that appeared within hours of injection but was not diagnosed and treated for 5 days. At day 5, the patient was treated with hyaluronidase injection immediately followed by 14 sessions of daily hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). Despite the delayed treatment, the patient had essentially complete recovery and the hyperbaric therapy was overall well-tolerated. Our case report suggests that hyaluronidase injection with concurrent daily HBOT sessions may be effective to allow recovery from late-presenting filler ischaemic complication. Furthermore, given the safety profile of HBOT, we suggest a more deliberate approach to this modality as a therapeutic adjunct by cosmetic practitioners when similar complications arise.
Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody-positive paraneoplastic stiff person syndrome associated with mediastinal liposarcoma
Authors: Yohannan Binoy , Sridhar Arthi , Kachira Johncy John , Jafri Syed H
Published: July 2022

Stiff person syndrome (SPS) is a rare, debilitating neurological illness characterised by rigidity and spasms of the axial muscles, causing severe restrictions to mobility. SPS can be classic, partial or paraneoplastic. We report a case of a young woman who presented with seizures and painful spasms of the thoracolumbar muscles who was subsequently diagnosed with SPS. Serological work revealed glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies and imaging showed a large mediastinal mass. The patient underwent surgical resection of the mediastinal mass and final pathology revealed well-differentiated mediastinal liposarcoma. She received five sessions of plasma exchange and her neurological symptoms gradually improved after surgery. This case highlights a rare case of GAD antibody-positive paraneoplastic SPS associated with mediastinal liposarcoma.