bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cybersecurity Literacy Among Mass Media Journalists In Central Java
Authors: Setyowati Retno Manuhoro , Safira Citra , Pramucitra Sinta
Published: July 2024

Notes of the Alliance of Independent Journalists (AJI Indonesia) at the end of 2022, the number of digital attacks on journalists increased compared to 2021. There were 15 digital attacks in 2022, while in 2021, there were only 5 cases recorded. Attacks, or what is commonly referred to as digital violence, refer to the notion of violence in which the perpetrator attacks network infrastructure or uses digital technology. Meanwhile, digital attacks becoming a trend during 2022 are hacking experienced by journalists and DDoS targeted at media organization sites. However, not all mass media have prepared anticipation for the potential for digital violence, including not all journalists who understand cybersecurity's importance in carrying out their duties. This research seeks to explore the meaning of journalists related to cyber security in their journalistic work and to record real experiences of how anticipation and strategies are carried out so that they do not just become victims of cyber-attacks. The method used is qualitative with an interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach. An approach where data is obtained and studied in an in-depth way, and sees each case is something that has its characteristics. The key word of this research lies in the technique of analysis and interpretation of data that is descriptive, which is presented using a distinctive language and does not aim to generalize the results. The research location is in the city of Semarang, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, surveys, observations, and documentation of the research subjects, in this case, journalists from various mass media in Central Java.
The Role of Interpersonal Communication in Handling Tantrum Children in Winduaji Village, Brebes
Authors: Juniati Atika , Turistiati Ade Tuti , Andhita Pundra Rengga
Published: July 2024

The presence of smartphone technology has positive and negative impacts on its users, both adults and children. Positive benefits for children: they can gain knowledge and entertainment through smartphones. However, this positive impact can create comfort and addiction, which, if uncontrolled, can have a negative impact. One example is that children have tantrums when their smartphone use is stopped by their parents. This is what happened to children in Winduaji village, Brebes. Interpersonal communication between children and parents plays an important role in handling tantrums in children due to smartphone use. This study aims to determine the strategies or efforts of parents in dealing with tantrum children due to the use of smartphones. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and document studies, as well as a review of previous research relevant to the research. The results showed that parents’ handling of tantrum children have not been effective based on interpersonal needs theory. It happened because parents lack or even do not involve children in handling tantrums (inclusion), lack of mastery in communication (control), and affection carried out by parents in dealing with child tantrums. Based on operant conditioning theory, parents need to provide positive reinforcement to their children. In addition, parents need to be role models for their children in the use of smartphones that are not excessive.
A Challenging case of Takayasu’s Arteritis in a young male with various manifestations and poor outcome
Authors: Boudagh Shabnam , Mirtajaddini Marzieh , Almasi Simin , Rezayean Nahid , Simiyari Saba
Published: July 2024

A 17-year-old boy complaining of progressive dyspnea, fever, palpitations, a 22 mm Hg blood pressure difference between the 2 arms, and arm claudication. He had a history of psoriasis-like skin lesions and bronchiectasis. Echocardiography revealed a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, severe eccentric aortic insufficiency, circumferential aortic wall thickening, and a dilated ascending aorta with severe atherosclerotic changes. Based on imaging findings, a TA diagnosis was suggested. During his follow-up, the patient developed strabismus, blurred vision, and right sixth cranial nerve paralysis and went into a deep coma. Unfortunately, after 6 months of treatment, he expired due to COVID-19 infection.
Revalorization of coconut husk lignin through ZnO nanoparticles synthesis: antibacterial assay and photocatalytic activities
Authors: Mustak Md. Hasnain , Islam Kazi Suraiya , Alam Md. Shamsul , Karim Md. Minnatul , Arifuzzaman Gazi Md.
Published: July 2024

Lignin, due to its structural diversity and biodegradability has emerged as a promising alternative to hazardous synthetic materials in multidisciplinary research area. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the lignin potential in value-added applications to be exact zinc oxide nanoparticle synthesis. First, lignin was extracted from coconut husk via sonochemical route in alkaline medium. Afterward, lignin-zinc oxide hybrid nanoparticles (L-ZnO NPs) were synthesized by the reaction of zinc acetate dihydrate salt and lignin, where lignin acts as bioreducing and capping agent. The synthesized lignin and L-ZnO NPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR Spectroscopy, XRD and FESEM analysis. All the identification tests supported the existence of lignin and L-ZnO NPs. The XRD and SEM images disclosed the formation of hexagonal wurtzite shape L-ZnO NPs having mean diameter ≈ 77.76 nm. The antibacterial efficacies of the L-ZnO NPs were assessed against both gram-negative E. coli and gram-positive S. aureus bacteria, employing standard controls and the well diffusion method. The L-ZnO NPs exhibited marvelous bactericidal action against the test microorganisms displaying sufficient zone of inhibition. The photocatalytic performance of the L-ZnO NPs was observed by methylene blue (MB) dye degradation test under UV light irradiation. The UV-Vis absorbance and conductivity tests suggested that the L-ZnO NPs has noticeable photocatalytic efficiency on MB dye degradation. Therefore, the synthesized L-ZnO NPs possess excellent versatile properties and it can be used in medicinal applications and environmental management.
Polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications in older adults who use long-term care services: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hagiwara Shotaro , Komiyama Jun , Iwagami Masao , Hamada Shota , Komuro Masato , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Tamiya Nanako
Published: July 2024

Background:
Older adults requiring care often have multiple morbidities that lead to polypharmacy, including the use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs), leading to increased medical costs and adverse drug effects. We conducted a cross-sectional study to clarify the actual state of drug prescriptions and the background of polypharmacy and PIMs.
Methods:
Using long-term care (LTC) and medical insurance claims data in the Ibaraki Prefecture from April 2018 to March 2019, we included individuals aged ≥ 65 who used LTC services. The number of drugs prescribed for ≥ 14 days and the number of PIMs were counted. A generalized linear model was used to analyze the association between the backgrounds of individuals and the number of drugs; logistic regression analysis was used for the presence of PIMs.
Results:
Herein, 67,531 older adults who received LTC services were included. The median number of total prescribed medications and PIMs was 7(IQR 5–9) and 1(IQR 0–1), respectively. The main PIMs were loop diuretics/aldosterone antagonists, benzodiazepines/similar hypnotics, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Multivariate analysis revealed that the number of medications and presence of PIMs were significantly higher in patients with comorbidities and in those visiting multiple medical institutions. However, patients requiring care level ≧ 1, nursing home residents, users of short-stay service, and senior daycare were negatively associated with polypharmacy and PIMs.
Conclusions:
Polypharmacy and PIMs are frequently observed in older adults who require LTC. This was prominent among individuals with comorbidities and at multiple consulting institutions. Therefore, a nationwide cohort study is required.
Experimental research into the injectability of cement grouts in reef limestone
Authors: Tao Yuhang , Luo Yi , wei xiaoqing , Wang Jing , Li Xinping
Published: July 2024

Reef limestone has special pore structures, which makes its seepage characteristics remarkably different from those of conventional terrestrial tight rocks. In this article, the microscopic structure of reef limestone and the water–cement ratio (WCR), cement fineness, and an admixture on flocculated cement particles were studied. Meanwhile, the probability analysis was adopted to evaluate the injectability for reef limestone cement grouts. The results indicate that, as the density of reef limestone increases, the pore size gradually diminishes, the thickness of the wall for cemented walls increases little by little. Generally, reef limestone has many seepage channels, indicating strong grout injectivity; when the WCR is larger and the cement fineness is smaller, the number and the size of flocculated cement particles is smaller, so the injectivity of cement grout is improved; this may be enhanced further after use of an admixture. In summary, the volume fraction of flocculated cement particles in cement grouts, as well as the relative sizes of pores and flocculated cement particles, can affect the degree of grout injectability. Injectability results calculated using the theoretical formula based on these influencing factors are found to match those arising from cement-grouting experiments, verifying the practicability and reliability of the injectability probability formula.
Experimental Characterization of VHPC Reinforced with Short Synthetic Fibers
Authors: Romanazzi Vincenzo , Micelli Francesco , Moro Sandro , Ros Pedro Serna , Aiello Maria Antonietta
Published: July 2024

Very-High-Performance Concrete (VHPC) are defined as concrete capable of reaching compressive strength higher than 80 MPa. These performances can be reached thanks to its compact and extremely dense microstructure, as a result of a proper mix. Together with their great durability properties, these concretes may lead to reduce cross sections of structural elements and thus save material and built volumes. The addition of synthetic fibers allows to significantly increase the toughness and crack opening resistance, beyond the tensile strength. These benefits can easily be traduced in an improved durability of the VHPC concrete. the aim of this research activity is to enlarge the experimental database of high-performances concrete reinforced with synthetic fibers having different size. In fact, contrary to the case of steel fibers, few works are reported in literature regarding the types of fibers investigated herein. In the present work three Very High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (VHPFRC) mixes have been studied and characterized in laboratory. The mixes were realized with the same VHPC concrete matrix and different types of synthetic fibers: 10mm straight polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers; 30mm waved polypropylene (PP) fibers; 40mm waved polypropylene (PP) fibers. The first mix was realized using PVA fibers only, the second with 30mm PP fibers and the last one was obtained by mixing PVA fibers and 40mm PP fibers. A further VHPC mix with no fibers has been also realized and tested as reference material. Compression tests on both cylindrical and cubic specimens and modulus of elasticity tests have been performed for each mix. The VHPFRC toughness have been determined by means of three-points bending tests according to EN 14651. The bending parameters obtained from the experimental test have been compared between all the mixes and an analysis of the fracture energy has been performed. Moreover, each mix has been tested at bending with four-points setup in order to verify the efficiency of this test type for VHPC reinforced with synthetic fiber. The results provided in the paper highlight the different effects, in terms of mechanical response, caused by fibers of different size at different cracking stages of the tested materials.
Preclinical to Clinical Translation of Antibody Drug Conjugates Using a Quantitative Systems Pharmacology (QSP) Model: A Case Study with Disitamab Vedotin
Authors: Li Qiaoning , Wang Ling , Wu Baiyang , Ma Xinting , Zhao Guorui , Liu Zhihao , Wang Juncheng , Liu Huifang , Jiang Jing
Published: July 2024

Background: The multiscale quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model, which includes biomolecule, cellular and tissue data, was used for the preclinical to clinical translation of ADC efficacy. Here, we validated the feasibility of the model using the marketed drug disitamab vedotin (DV).
Methods: Model integrated pharmacokinetics (PK), in vitro tumor cell disposition data and tumor growth inhibition (TGI) data were obtained. This mechanistically explains how the ADC exerted efficacy. Based on the in vivo efficacy data, which were obtained from studies conducted using two cell-derived xenograft models (NCI-N87 and SKOV3), a QSP model was established to characterize the efficacy, and the inherent sensitivity of the ADC between patient populations with different target expression levels was further simulated. For preclinical to clinical transitioning, human PK behavior was predicted with allometric scaling using the data of the monkeys’ PK parameters. Key parameters impacting the QSP model, such as TGI, tumor volume, and target expression level of tumors, were replaced with clinically relevant data to predict the effective dose of DV in patients. The clinically approved Q2W dosing intervals were used to simulate the effective dose. Results: After continuous administration of 1.5-2 mg/kg Q2W for five months, patients with HER2-2+ and HER2-3+ tumors achieved an objective response rate (ORR), but progressive disease was observed in HER2-1+ patients, which was consistent with clinically observed efficacy outcomes.
Conclusions: The model has promising applications in ADC screening, the optimization of clinical dosing regimens and other related areas.
Accuracy of Noninvasive Indices for Diagnosing Hepatic Steatosis Compared to Controlled Attenuated Parameter (CAP) in a Lebanese Cohort.
Authors: Daniel Fady , Malak Dima , Jaafar Rola , Ibrahim Mohamad Ali , Kanso Mariam , Khalife Mohammad , Kouzi Zakaria El
Published: July 2024

Background
Noninvasive liver indices are valuable tools to identify patients with NAFLD in view of their simplicity and relatively low cost.
Aims
This study examined the accuracy of several published indices, including hepatic steatosis index (HSI), Framingham steatosis index (FSI), and Dallas steatosis index (DSI) in predicting steatosis compared to Transient elastography controlled attenuation parameter (CAP).
Methods
This is a retrospective study on 720 patients who underwent Fibro scan at the American University of Beirut hepatobiliary unit between 2015 and 2020. Data on demographics, comorbidities, anthropometrics, laboratory studies were obtained. The following indices: HSI, FSI, DSI were calculated. Sensitivity, specificity and C -statistics of each index was determined and compared to CAP.
Results
Out of 550 patients who met inclusion criteria ,67% were found to have hepatic steatosis with average CAP 289.5(± 70.9). Mean age 50 (± 15.6) and 70% were male. Those patients were found to have higher BMI, and higher prevalence of diabetes and HTN as well as dyslipidemia than the control group with no steatosis. The FSI out-performed the other 2 indices with fair accuracy in detecting hepatic steatosis based on the C-statistics. HSI and DSI on the other hand showed poor discriminatory ability. AUC: FSI 0.77 95%CI (0.637–0.805), HSI 0.674 95%CI (0.577–0.771), DSI 0.651 95% CI (0.543–0.759). At the cut-off where specificity was 90%, the FSI Had highest sensitivity 49.6% compared to DSI 28.6% and HSI 21.8%.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrated the accuracy of the non-invasive index FSI in diagnosing steatosis when compared to Transient elastography controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), and highlighted its superiority to other indices the HSI and DSI. Further studies with larger and more heterogeneous population are needed to confirm our results.
The Correlation between REEP6 and Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Colorectal Cancer：A Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Dong Xiao-long
Published: July 2024

Objects:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer globally and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality. This study aims to investigate the expression of REEP6 (Receptor-expression enhancing protein 6) and its association with molecular interactions, immune infiltration, and patient survival across colorectal cancer.
Materials and methods
Data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, including datasets GSE89076, GSE37364, and GSE20916 for validation. RNA sequencing data were normalized using the DESeq2 R package, while microarray data underwent background correction and normalization via the Robust Multi-array Average method. Batch effects were corrected using the Combat method. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on |log2 Fold Change| > 1.5 and adjusted p-value < 0.05. GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment analyses were conducted using the Cluster Profiler R package. Correlation analyses employed Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to evaluate patient outcomes, and ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve analysis assessed model performance. Immune infiltration was analyzed in relation to REEP6 expression.
Results
REEP6 expression is significantly elevated in colorectal cancer samples compared to normal tissues (P < 0.001). ROC analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.880, indicating high diagnostic potential. DEGs associated with REEP6 included UPK1A, SLC7A9, SLC22A31, and NLRP6, all positively correlated with REEP6 expression. Enrichment analyses suggested these genes are involved in nucleosome formation and DNA packaging complexes, implicating systemic lupus erythematosus and alcoholism pathways. Although Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed no significant difference in overall survival between high and low REEP6 expression groups (HR = 1.31, P = 0.133), immune infiltration analysis indicated increased NK CD56bright cell levels in high REEP6 expression samples (R = 0.333558, P < 0.001).
Conclusion
REEP6 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer and correlates with specific molecular pathways and immune cell infiltration but does not significantly impact patient survival outcomes alone. These findings highlight REEP6's potential as a diagnostic biomarker and suggest further research into its role in cancer immunology is warranted.
My virtual escape from patient life: A feasibility study on the experiences and benefits of individualized virtual reality for inpatients in palliative cancer care
Authors: Gerlach Christina , Haas Laura , Greinacher Anja , Lantelme Jonah , Guenther Melanie , Thiesbonenkamp-Maag Julia , Alt-Epping Bernd , Wrzus Cornelia
Published: July 2024

Background: Cancer patients benefit from Virtual Reality (VR) in burdensome situations, but evidence is scarce for palliative situations. Based on earlier work in palliative care, individualized VR interventions like seeing the patient’s home may address a patient’s wish to be at home and thus have a greater effect compared to standard VR content. Yet, some patients and relatives may be concerned about their privacy. Also, patient stakeholders raised concerns about triggering depressed mood or homesickness.
Aim: To test the feasibility and safety of individualized vs. standard 360°video VR interventions in palliative cancer inpatients.
Methods: Prospective observational study with patient-reported outcome measurement using validated instruments of well-being (MDBF), symptoms and psychosocial burden (IPOS), cybersickness (SSQ), presence experience (SPES), subjective benefit (2 items), content analysis of interviews, and field notes. Individualized VR content was recorded with action camcorder-technology to protect the patients’ privacy.
Results: Seventeen patients participated, median age 65 years (range 20-82), 9 women (53%), 8 single or widowed (47%), 4 childless (23.5%), 4 academics (23.5%), with a median length of stay of 9 days (1-75) in the hematology (10), palliative care (3), or radiotherapy (2) unit of a German university hospital. Eight patients (53.3%) chose their own home environments or family for individualized VR-content. All participants enjoyed the intervention. Compared to standard VR content the individualized VR tended to have a stronger effect on well-being and emotional touch. It was not inferior in terms of psychosocial burden and cybersickness. No subjective and relevant side effects occurred. The patients well tolerated the assessments. However, most patients demanded a lighter headset and a desire for more interactivity.
Conclusions: Individualization of VR content shows potential for enhancement of immersion, which improves the VR experience and does not harm in terms of depressed mood or worsening of symptoms. The patients’ and family desire for privacy is feasible with the support of family members who recorded the individualized videos, which is easily manageable today. We suggest a pragmatic randomized clinical trial to compare the effects of individualized vs. standard VR-content.
Trial registration: Registered at German Clinical Trials Register (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien; DRKS); registration number: DRKS00032172; registration date: 11/07/2023
The Endoplasmic Reticulum protein HSPA5/BiP is essential for decidual transformation of human endometrial stromal cells
Authors: Fernández Laura , Kong Chow-Seng , Alkhoury Majd , Tryfonos Maria , Brighton Paul J. , Rawlings Thomas M. , Muter Joanne , Gori Maria Soledad , Leirós Claudia Pérez , Lucas Emma S. , Brosens Jan J. , Ramhorst Rosanna
Published: July 2024

Decidualization denotes the process of inflammatory reprogramming of endometrial stromal cells (EnSC) into specialized decidual cells (DC). During this process, EnSC are subjected to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as well as acute cellular senescence. Both processes contribute to the proinflammatory mid-luteal implantation window and their dysregulation has been implicated in reproductive failure. Here, we evaluated the link between ER stress, decidual differentiation and senescence. In-silico analysis identified HSPA5 gene, codifying the ER chaperone BiP, as a potentially critical regulator of cell fate divergence of decidualizing EnSC into anti-inflammatory DC and proinflammatory senescent decidual cells (snDC). Knockdown of HSPA5 in primary EnSC resulted both in decreased expression of DC marker genes and attenuated induction of senescence associated βgalactosidase activity, a marker of snDC. Stalling of the decidual reaction upon HSPA5 knockdown was apparent at 8 days of differentiation and was preceded by the upregulation of ER stress associated proteins IRE1α and PERK. Further, HSPA5 knockdown impaired colony-forming unit activity of primary EnSC, indicative of loss of cellular plasticity. Together, our results point to a key role for HSPA5/BiP in decidual transformation of EnSCs and highlight the importance of constraining ER stress levels during this process.
Parkinson’s disease-associated shifts between DNA methylation and DNA hydroxymethylation in human brain in PD-related genes, including PARK19 (DNAJC6) and PTPRN2 (IA-2β)
Authors: Choza Juliana I. , Virani Mahek , Kuhn Nathan C. , Adams Marie , Kochmanski Joseph , Bernstein Alison I.
Published: July 2024

Background
The majority of Parkinson’s disease (PD) cases are due to a complex interaction between aging, genetics, and environmental factors; epigenetic mechanisms are thought to act as important mediators of these risk factors. While multiple studies to date have explored the role of DNA modifications in PD, few focus on 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Because 5hmC occurs at its highest levels in the brain and is thought to be particularly important in the central nervous system, particularly in the response to neurotoxicants, it is important to explore the potential role of 5hmC in PD. This study expands on our previously published epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) performed on DNA isolated from neuron-enriched nuclei from human postmortem parietal cortex from the Banner Sun Health Research Institute Brain Bank. The study aimed to identify paired changes in 5hmC and 5mC in PD in enriched neuronal nuclei isolated from PD post-mortem parietal cortex and age- and sex-matched controls. We performed oxidative bisulfite (oxBS) conversion and paired it with our previously published bisulfite (BS)-based EWAS on the same samples to identify cytosines with significant shifts between these two related epigenetic marks. Interaction differentially modified cytosines (iDMCs) were identified using our recently published mixed-effects model for co-analyzing βmC and βhmC data.
Results
We identified 1,030 iDMCs with paired changes in 5mC and 5hmC (FDR < 0.05) that map to 695 genes, including PARK19 (DNAJC6), a familial PD gene, and PTPRN2 (IA-2), which has been previously implicated in PD in both epigenetic and mechanistic studies. The majority of iDMC-containing genes have not previously been implicated in PD and were not identified in our previous BS-based EWAS.
Conclusions
These data potentially link epigenetic regulation of the PARK19 and PTPRN2 loci in the pathogenesis of idiopathic PD. In addition, iDMC-containing genes have known functions in synaptic formation and function, cell cycle and senescence, neuroinflammation, and epigenetic regulation. These data suggest that there are significant shifts between 5mC and 5hmC associated with PD in genes relevant to PD pathogenesis that are not captured by analyzing BS-based data alone or by analyzing each mark as a distinct dataset.
Efficacy and Safety of Sodium Citrate and Argatroban in Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy of Patients with High Risk of Bleeding
Authors: Lan 李兰 Li , Gu Lingling , Zhang Yao , Zhuang Zhiwei , Yu Yanxia , Zhang Qian , Xu Jinhui , Xu Xiaowen , Tang Lian
Published: July 2024

The study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RCA versus low-dose argatroban in CRRT of critically ill patients with high risk of bleeding, so as to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the anticoagulation mode of CRRT in critically ill patients with high risk of bleeding. 207 patients were divided into RCA group (n = 103) and Argatroban group (n = 104). After treatment, the prothrombin time, international standardized ratio, and activated partial thromboplastin time of Argatroban group were prolonged when compared with those of RCA group (P < 0.05). Compared with Argatroban group, RCA group had significantly longer filter life span (42.1 (40.9, 46.5) h vs 41.2 (38.95, 43.2) h, P = 0.009). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in 42-day all-cause mortality (51/103 vs 46/104, P > 0.05). The cycles of filter clotting events (GRADE 0 and GRADE Ⅲ) had significant difference between the two groups(P < 0.05). Compared with argatroban group, RCA group had slightly more bleeding complications (14/103 [13.59%] vs 8/104 [7.69%], P = 0.146). Although blood transfusion volume had no significant difference, the incidence of total adverse reactions in RCA group was significantly`higher than that in argatroban group (9.62% vs 19.42%, P = 0.045). The results showed that RCA treatment improves clinical outcome of patients at high risk of bleeding after CRRT, effectively prolongs the filter life and avoids filter clotting events. Argatroban has systemic anticoagulant effect, which has a certain impact on coagulation function, but it has better safety advantages.
Gate- and flux-tunable sin(2φ) Josephson element with proximitized Ge-based junctions
Authors: De Franceschi Silvano , leblanc Axel , Tangchingchai Chotivut , Momtaz Zahra Sadre , Kiyooka Elyjah , Hartmann Jean-Michel , Gustavo Frédéric , Thomassin Jean-Luc , Brun Boris , Schmitt Vivien , Zihlmann Simon , Maurand Romain , Dumur Étienne , Lefloch François
Published: July 2024

Hybrid superconductor-semiconductor Josephson field-effect transistors (JoFETs) function as
Josephson junctions with a gate-tunable critical current. Additionally, they can feature a non-
sinusoidal current-phase relation (CPR) containing multiple harmonics of the superconducting phase
difference, a so-far underutilized property. In this work, we exploit this multi-harmonicity to create a
Josephson circuit element with an almost perfectly π-periodic CPR, indicative of a largely dominant
charge-4e supercurrent transport. Such a Josephson element was recently proposed as the basic
building block of a protected superconducting qubit. Here, it is realized using a superconducting
quantum interference device (SQUID) with low-inductance aluminum arms and two nominally
identical JoFETs. The latter are fabricated from a SiGe/Ge/SiGe quantum-well heterostructure
embedding a high-mobility two-dimensional hole gas. By carefully adjusting the JoFET gate voltages
and finely tuning the magnetic flux through the SQUID close to half a flux quantum, we achieve
a regime where the sin(2φ) component accounts for more than 95 % of the total supercurrent.
This result demonstrates a new promising route for the realization of superconducting qubits with
enhanced coherence properties.
“I just wish vaping wasn’t a thing”: a qualitative study of parental concerns and attitudes towards adolescent vaping.
Authors: Rose Shiho , McGill Bronwyn , Watts Christina , Brooks Alecia , Dessaix Anita , Freeman Becky
Published: July 2024

Background: With the rapid increase of e-cigarette or vaping in adolescents, parents can provide unique perspectives to assist in addressing this issue. As research regarding parent experiences of adolescent vaping is generally limited, this study therefore explored parent: i) attitudes regarding adolescent vaping; and ii) experiences of addressing vaping with their adolescent children in the home environment.
Methods: Online focus groups (n=18, with 92 participants) were conducted in April 2023 as part of the Generation Vape research study in Australia. Parents were eligible if they had at least one child aged 14-17 years who attended high school and who lived with them most of the time.
Results: Using reflexive thematic analysis, three main themes were generated: i) attitudes about own children vaping; ii) boundaries for vaping; and iii) conversations. Participants largely agreed they do not condone vaping in their children, however, felt resigned that experimenting was inevitable. For some, vaping was a lesser concern compared to other issues, with a view that social vaping is more accepted, as opposed to habitual use. Parent-child conversations appeared to occur opportunistically, but participants felt uninformed about vapes which was seen as a barrier.
Conclusions: Our findings highlight that adolescent vaping is a complex issue for parents to address. While parents represent one important part in tackling this issue, they feel uninformed nor empowered to do so. Additionally, prevailing attitudes about “acceptable” vaping and misconceptions regarding addiction need to be addressed, with a clear message that any vaping is harmful for adolescents and should be discouraged.
Long-term follow-up of Graves' disease and toxic nodular disease
Authors: Veríssimo David , Pereira Beatriz , Vinhais Joana , Ivo Catarina , Martins Ana Cláudia , Silva João Nunes e , Passos Dolores , Lopes Luís , de Castro João Jácome , Marcelino Mafalda
Published: July 2024

Purpose
Hyperthyroidism guidelines have not been updated over the past five years, despite numerous data on the subject, and recent studies providing a wide variation in treatment success rates. We aim to compare the effectiveness and safety of treatment modalities in patients with Graves’ disease or toxic nodular disease.
Methods
Single center retrospective cohort study of Graves’ disease and toxic nodular disease patients treated between 1983 and 2023.
Results
A total of 411 patients were treated for hyperthyroidism, 245 due to Graves’ disease and 166 due to or toxic nodular disease, followed for a median of 7 years. In Graves’ disease, 90.2% were treated with antithyroid drugs over 250 cycles, achieving 41.7% cumulative remission. Half of all relapses (50.9%) occurred in the first year, 76.3% in the first three years, and 98.3% within nine years. Treatment periods of 12–24 months showed higher remission and lower relapse rates than longer periods, contradicting recent studies. I-131 was used in 103 cycles with 82.5% remission and 7.1% relapse. A total of 29 thyroidectomies resulted in 100% remission, with no relapse. In toxic nodular disease, surgery was the most frequently used treatment (54.5%), followed by I-131 (37.1%).
Conclusion
Our findings support antithyroid drugs as the preferential first-line treatment for Graves’ disease, allowing for euthyroidism with minimal adverse effects. Given the propensity for relapse, we suggest a rigorous monitoring, particularly within the first three years. In toxic nodular disease, surgery should be the preferred option, with I-131 being reserved for single adenomas and small goiters.
Predicting the long-term course: Shunt surgery results in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus—a comprehensive study
Authors: Spielmann Hannah , Sippl Christoph , Senger Sebastian , Oertel Joachim
Published: July 2024

Background
Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus is a neurological disorder primarily affecting the elderly. Shunt surgery is the gold standard treatment, yet long-term outcome remains poorly investigated, especially concerning neuropsychological performance, motor skills and quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of shunting in iNPH patients up to three years post-surgery.
Methods
A cohort of 30 patients with iNPH who underwent shunt placement between January 2020 and February 2021 was followed up for three years. A standardized test battery assessed neuropsychological performance, quality of life, and motor skills. The patients were tested before and one, two and three years after surgery.
Results
Motor skills, particularly lower body function, significantly improved post-surgery and remained improved even after three years. Upper body motor skills exhibited mixed results, with improvement in manual dexterity but not in finger tapping tests. Neuropsychological assessments revealed sustained improvement in certain aspects up to three years post-surgery, while a various degree of deterioration was observed in others. Quality of life, as measured by the Rankin Scale as well as Stein and Langfitt Grading, showed initial improvement post-surgery but declined over time.
Conclusion
iNPH patients demonstrate sustained improvements in motor skills, neuropsychological function and quality of life after shunt surgery. In long-term, motor skill and certain neuropsychological aspects remained improved, quality of life and some other neurocognitive aspects declined progressively over the follow up period.
HIV treatment indicators among children younger than 15 years in South Africa: Results from the 2017 National HIV Prevalence, Incidence, Behaviour, and Communication Survey
Authors: Magobo Rindidzani E. , Mabaso Musawenkosi , Jooste Sean , Molopa Lesiba , Naidoo Inbarani , Simbayi Leickness , Zuma Khangelani , Zungu Nompumelelo , Shisana Olive , Moyo Sizulu
Published: July 2024

Background
Early detection and initiation in care is crucial to the survival and long-term well-being of children living with HIV. However, there remain challenges regarding early testing and linking of infants and children who are positive for early treatment. This study examines the HIV treatment indicators and associated factors among children younger than 15 years in South Africa.
Methods
The data was collected as part of the 2017 National HIV survey using a multistage cluster randomised design. Multivariate generalised linear regression models were fitted to determine factors associated with the HIV care continuum.
Results
The sample had 12 237 children aged 0–14 years, the median age was 8 years (interquartile range of 4–11 years). HIV prevalence in this study population was 2.8% (95% CI: 2.4–3.3). Overall, 40.0% of the HIV-positive children knew their status, and among these, 72.6% (95% CI: 61.7–81.3) were on ART, and 90.0% (95% CI: 88.4–97.9) were virally suppressed. The odds of HIV diagnosis and knowing HIV-positive status were significantly higher among children whose health was rated as fair or poor than excellent or good [AOR = 1.32 (95%CI: 1.05–1.67), p = 0.022], and were significantly lower among females than males [AOR = 0.82 (95% CI: 0.71–0.95), p = 0.009], and those attending private healthcare facilities than public health facilities [AOR = 0.64 (95% CI:0.57–0.74), p < 0.001]. The odds of HIV diagnosis and knowing HIV-positive status and being on ART were significantly higher among children residing in rural formal/farm areas than urban areas [AOR = 1.40 (95% CI:1.05–1.86), p = 0.017], and were significantly lower among children attending private healthcare facilities [AOR = 0.44 (95% CI:0.36–0.54), p < 0.001]. The odds of HIV diagnosis and knowing HIV-positive status, being on ART, and being virally suppressed were significantly higher among children with self-rated health as fair or poor than excellent/good [AOR = 1.09 (95% CI:1.00-1.19), p = 0.05].
Conclusion
Awareness of HIV status and initiation of treatment in children was low. The findings highlight the need to improve HIV status awareness and disclosure to children. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and programs tailored for HIV- positive children in urban areas.
Adiponectin may play a crucial role in the metabolic effects of GLP-1RAs treatment in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a preliminary longitudinal study
Authors: Refaie Antonella Al , Baldassini Leonardo , Mondillo Caterina , Ceccarelli Elena , Tarquini Roberto , Gennari Luigi , Gonnelli Stefano , Caffarelli Carla
Published: July 2024

Purpose
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) stands as the most prevalent metabolic disorder globally. T2DM entails numerous cardiovascular complications, which contribute significantly to morbidity, mortality, and increased public spending worldwide. The real challenge for new diabetes drugs lies not only in reducing blood glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin but also in preventing cardiovascular risk. Emerging receptor agonists for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1RAs) have demonstrated a pivotal role in diabetes management and mitigating cardiovascular risk.
Methods
We conducted a 12-month longitudinal investigation evaluating the cardio-metabolic effects of GLP-1RAs on a cohort 65 Caucasian patients diagnosed with T2DM who were scheduled for treatment with GLP-1RAs. Fifty-four T2DM patients successfully completed the 12-month study period, with 30 receiving dulaglutide and 24 receiving semaglutide.
Results
In our study population, GLP-1RAs resulted in several positive changes beyond the observed weight loss: a shift in fat distribution, indicated by a reduction in the percentage of visceral fat (1.21 vs 1.17, p < 0.05); a significant decrease in LDL cholesterol levels (p < 0.05) and triglycerides (p < 0.01); and a significant increase in serum adiponectin levels (p < 0.05), potentially indicating a reduction in insulin resistance and inflammation. Additionally, we observed a significant decrease in microalbuminuria and media-intimal thickness at the carotid vessel level (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
In patients with T2DM 1-year therapy with GLP-1RAs has a positive effect on the main determinants of cardiovascular risk including body weight, visceral fat, dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Moreover, the increase in adiponectin may play a pivotal role in controlling the inflammatory state and the mechanisms of vascular damage.
Knowledge and attitudes about dementia among nursing students in Vietnam: a cross sectional study
Authors: Pham Dung Thi My , Do An Dang , Do Hien Thi Thu , Nguyen Anh Ngoc , Nguyen Binh Thanh , Do Mai
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
Dementia is one of the most pressing health concerns in ageing population, posing significant burdens not only on the well-being and independence of people with dementia (PWD), but also on their families and communities. Building capacity for nursing students is essential for effectively enhancing the quality of life for affected people. However, various studies have highlighted knowledge gaps concerning dementia among nursing students worldwide. This study aimed to examine knowledge and attitude preparedness for dementia care among nursing students in Vietnam and associated factors.
Methods
We used cross-sectional study design with four medical schools in northern, central and southern Vietnam which were selected based on convenience. Participants included full-time diploma senior nursing students (N = 600). A self-administered questionnaire consisted of 34 true-false questions evaluating students’ knowledge about dementia (ADKS) and 20 items using a 5-point Likert scale assessing their attitudes toward dementia (DAS). The tools were piloted and validated with 60 students with good internal reliability.
Results
Nursing students exhibited insufficient knowledge of dementia but displayed positive attitudes towards dementia. Engaging four-year diploma (β = 0.501), being female (β = 0.827), and achieving greater academic performance (β = 0.795) statistically influenced nursing students’ knowledge of dementia (p < 0.05). Similarly, being female (β = 2.179), and possessing better knowledge of dementia (β = 2.740) statistically effected nursing students’ attitude toward dementia (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Students with greater academic achievement and females demonstrated better knowledge and attitudes toward dementia. To better nursing students’ preparedness for dementia care, education on dementia care, especially practical training should be paid more attention.
Development of LAMP and droplet digital PCR methods for differentiation between Cydia pomonella (L.) and Grapholita molesta (Busck)
Authors: yang Li-feng , Zhang Wan-min , Zhang Hua-yue , Chu Dong
Published: July 2024

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), is an economically important key fruit pest worldwide. In China, C. pomonella was first discovered in 1953 and has since been introduced into at least eight provinces. The monitoring of C. pomonella using sex pheromones is essential for controlling this destructive pest and preventing its spread from infested areas. However, the sex pheromone of C. pomonella also has strong attractive effects on Grapholita molesta (Busck), which results in the mixture of the two pest insects. Furthermore, capturing individuals, especially during the early phase of spread, is challenging due to the limited number of introductions. Thus, it is crucial to provide an accurate and rapid diagnostic method to differentiate them. To develop such a method for distinguishing between C. pomonella and G. molesta, we initially selected a set of C. pomonella specific-LAMP primers from seven designed sets of candidate primers and its sensitivity was evaluated using DNA. Finally, the effectiveness of the method was proven using insect tissue and a temperature-controlled, insulated cup. Additionally, the optimal reaction temperature, specificity, and sensitivity of the C. pomonella ddPCR-primer were determined. The development of the C. pomonella LAMP and ddPCR methods provide tools for the monitoring of C. pomonella in China.
Yield-scaled greenhouse gas emissions in subtropical paddy rice treated with stabilized nitrogen fertilizers
Authors: Veçozzi Thais Antolini , Carlos Filipe Selau , Scivittaro Walkyria Bueno , Bayer Cimelio , Sousa Rogério Oliveira
Published: July 2024

In this work, the hypothesis that stabilized nitrogen fertilizers (SNF) might be useful to boost paddy rice production with a decreased impact on nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions from soil was tested by conducting a field experiment on a subtropical typic Albaqualf in Southern Brazil over two rice growing seasons (GS). The experiment comprised the nitrogen fertilizers common urea, urea + NBPT [N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide], urea + NBPT + DCD (dicyandiamide), urea + Cu B (copper and boron), urea + S (sulfur) and urea-10% zeolite alongside a Control treatment with no nitrogen fertilizer. Field plots were arranged according to completely randomized block design with three replicates. Methane and N2O fluxes were measured by using the static chamber technique and gases analyzed by gas chromatography. Seasonal pGWP values were calculated as the combination of those for the individual gases in each season multiplied by the respective radiative forcing potentials (viz., 28 for CH4 and 265 for N2O), and yield-scaled greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were taken to be the ratios of pGWP to rice grain yields. Soil N2O emissions in GS1 were 0.9 kg ha− 1 on average; also, they were similar among treatments and whether or not N fertilization was applied. In GS2, soil N2O emissions were lower with the Control treatment, all SNF leading to emission levels comparable to those of common urea (average 4.5 kg ha− 1). There were no differences in soil CH4 emissions, which peaked at 474 kg ha− 1, among nitrogen fertilizers in GS1. On the other hand, urea + NBPT reduced CH4 emissions relative to urea + S and urea-10% zeolite in GS2. pGWP averaged at 11 216 kg eq.CO2 ha− 1 across the two GS without N fertilization (Control treatment) and at 11 803 kg eq.CO2 ha− 1 with fertilization. The increase in grain yield resulting from nitrogen fertilization was similar irrespective of nitrogen source, with a mean of 9300 kg ha− 1 in GS1 and one of 8200 kg ha− 1 in GS2. Yield-scaled pGWP was influenced by fertilization but only in GS1, where urea + NBPT and urea-10% zeolite reduced it relative to no fertilization. The starting hypothesis was thus rejected since SNF affected rice grain yield and soil GHG emissions similarly to common urea over two growing seasons in subtropical paddy rice ecosystems of Southern Brazil.
Inhaled Corticosteroid Increased the Risk of Adrenal Insufficiency in Patients with Chronic Airway Diseases: A Nationwide Population-based Study
Authors: Lee Hyewon , Yoon Hee-Young
Published: July 2024

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are commonly used for airway disease, but concerns about adrenal insufficiency (AI) have arisen. This study investigated the link between ICS use and AI risk using data from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort, analyzing 66,631 patients with COPD or asthma (mean age: 57.3 years, 42.6% male). ICS use, daily dosage, and AI cases were identified via diagnostic codes. Cox proportional survival analysis and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) addressed baseline differences between ICS and non-ICS users. Among the patients, 15.5% used ICS, with AI incidence higher in ICS users (1.69 per 1000) than in non-users (0.54 per 1000). ICS use independently increased AI risk (HR: 3.06, 95% CI: 1.82–5.14). Each 100 µg/day increase in ICS was associated with a 3% increase in AI incidence (HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02–1.04). Quartile analysis before IPTW indicated a significant AI risk increase across all ICS dosage quartiles compared with non-users. Subgroup analysis showed consistent associations with age, sex, and smoking, with stronger links in systemic steroid users and those with higher Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). ICS use increases AI risk in chronic airway disease patients, particularly among systemic steroid users and those with higher CCI.