bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kur’ân Semâ‘ında Bayılma ve Ölüme Varan Hâller Konusunda Sûfîlere Yöneltilen Eleştiriler
Authors: AKDAĞ Eyyup
Published: June 2020

Öz: Tarihi süreçte başta tevhit anlayışlarına eleştiriler yöneltildiği gibi sûfîlerin ibadet anlayışları, bazı hâl ve davranışlarına da eleştiriler yöneltilmiştir. Bu manada sûfîlere etkili eleştiri yöneltenlerden arasında Ebü’l-Ferec İbnü’l-Cevzî, İbn Teymiyye ve İbrâhim b. Mûsâ eş-Şâtıbî’nin isimlerini zikretmek gerekir. Bu müellifler eserlerinde birçok konuyu gündeme getirerek sûfîlere eleştiriler yöneltmişlerdir. Ancak sûfîlere yönelttikleri tüm eleştirileri bu makalenin konusu değildir. Bu makale sadece Kur’ân semâ‘ına bağlı olarak sûfîlerde görülen kendinden geçme, bayılma ve ölüme varan hâllerine yönelik bu üç müellifin eleştirileriyle ve bu eleştirilerin tartışılmasıyla sınırlı olacaktır. Kur’ân tilâvetinin insan üzerindeki etkisi inkârı mümkün olmayan bir gerçektir. Bu etkinin tezâhürleri insandan insana farklılık arz eder. Kur’ân semâ‘ında ağlama ve beden de titreme hâllerine karşı çıkmayan ve bu hâlleri sünnete ve Kur’ân’a uygun bulan İbnü’l-Cevzî, İbn Teymiyye ve Şâtıbî kendinden geçme, bayılma ve ölüme varan hâlleri ise bid‘at olarak değerlendirmişlerdir. Onlara göre hiçbir sahâbî de görülmeyen bu tür durum ve hâller, ilimden yoksun aşırı züh ve ibadet anlayışının neticesidir.
Kur'an'da Kabir Hayatı
Authors: ATEŞ Avnullah Enes
Published: June 2020

Ölüm ötesi hayata dair bütün bilgiler vahye dayanır. Kur’an’ın ve Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a.v.) aktardığı bilgiler çerçevesinde ahiret hayatına dair detaylar öğrenilir. Bu nedenle ahiretle ilgili akli çıkarımlarda bulunmak mümkün değildir. Kabir hayatı da nakille bilinebilecek hususlardan olduğundan konuyla ilgili başta Kur’an’a, sonrasında da sahih hadislere başvurulmalıdır. Kur’an’da hesap günü ve o günle ilgili anlatıların kabirdeki sorgu ve neticesinde verilen mükafat ve cezayla çeliştiği ileri sürülmektedir. Amellerin tartılıp insanların cennetlik veya cehennemlik olduklarının öğrenildiği bir hesap günü gelmeden kabirde bunların bilinemeyeceği söylenmektedir. Bu çerçevede Kur’an’da hesap günü tasvirleriyle hadislerde geçen kabir azabına dair anlatılanların da tezat oluşturduğu ve dolayısıyla ilgili hadislerin kabul edilemeyeceği belirtilmektedir. Bu çalışma, ortaya atılan iddiayı sadece Kur’an ayetlerinden hareketle ele alacak, Kur’an açısından kabir hayatına dair hadislerde anlatılanların Kur’an’la bir çelişki oluşturup oluşturmadığı incelenecektir. Öncelikle ölüm esnasında insanların kendi sonlarının nasıl olacağını öğrendiklerini anlatan ayetler ele alınacak, sonrasında bu ayetlerin kıyametteki hesap, tartı, amel defterlerinin verilmesi ve diğer hesap günüyle ilgili ayetlerle birlikte nasıl anlaşılması gerektiğine temas edilecektir. Ayrıca kabir hayatıyla ilgili hadislerde paylaşılan bilgilerin Kur’an’dan sağlaması yapılacaktır.
Molla Sadrâ’da Vâcibü’l-Vücûd’un İspatında Burhan-ı Nefs
Authors: BARAN Sedat
Published: June 2020

: İslam dünyasında Vâcibü’l-Vücûd’un varlığını ispatlayan birçok burhan zikredilmiştir. Bu burhanlardan biri pek bilinmeyen nefs burhanıdır. Bu burhanın ilk kıvılcımlarını Meşşâî filozoflar yakmış olsa da ilk dile getiren İşrakî filozof Sühreverdî’dir. Sühreverdî’den sonra ve onun etkisiyle Mîr Dâmâd başka bir nefs burhanı açıklar. İslam düşünce geleneğinde nefs vesilesiyle Vâcibü’l-Vücûd’un varlığını ispatlayan bir diğer filozof Molla Sadrâ’dır. O, bu iki filozofun nefs burhanlarını benimsemedi ve Hikmet-i Müte’âliye ekolünün ilkeleri çerçevesinde yeni burhanlar dile getirdi. İlk burhanında nefsin kuvveden fiile yani heyûlânî akıldan bilfiil akla doğru hareket etmesini ikinci burhanında ise nefsin hudûsunu orta terim kılar. Mefatihü’l-Gayb adlı eserinde de bu iki burhanı birleştirir ve tek bir burhan olarak ifade eder. Molla Sadrâ Allah’ın varlığını ispatlayan burhanları üç gruba ayırır ve nefs burhanının sıddıkîn burhanından sonra da en önemli ve en üstün burhan olduğunu söyler. Molla Sadrâ’nın dillendirdiği nefs burhanlarının en önemli özelliği Allah’ın varlığını ispatlamakla beraber sıfatlarını ve fiillerini de ispatlamasıdır. Bu çalışmada Molla Sadrâ’nın nefs burhanı ile diğer nefs burhanlarının farkı ele alınacak ve Molla Sadrâ’nın bu burhan vesilesiyle Vâcibü’l-Vücûd’u ve sıfatlarını nasıl ispatladığı ve konu hakkında ne gibi yenilikler getirdiği açıklanacaktır.
Emrin Umûmiliği Hususunda Mezhebine Muhalif Bir Fakih Ebu’l-Yüsr El-Pezdevî (Ö. 493/1100)
Authors: ALGÜL Adnan , BÖLÜKBAŞ Emre
Published: June 2020

Fıkıh usûlü ilminde lafızlar bahsinin önemli bir kısmını teşkil eden emir, fakihlerce detaylı incelemelere tabi tutulmuştur. Emirlerin tekrar diğer bir deyişle umûm ifade edip etmedikleri fıkıh usûlü ilminin araştırma konularından birisi olmuştur. Hanefî usûlcülerinin ekseriyeti bu türden bir lafzın tekrar ifade etmeyeceğini ve tekrara da ihtimali olmadığını savunmuşlardır. Bu nedenle her gün edâ edilen beş vakit namaz gibi tekrarı gerektiren emirleri sebeplerle ilişkilendirmişlerdir. Şâfiî, Mâlikî ve Hanbelî fakihleri birtakım şartların sağlanması halinde emrin umûmîliğini yani tekrar ifade edebileceğini benimsemişlerdir. Hanefî mezhebine mensup olan Ebü’l-Yüsr el-Pezdevî ise mezhep içerisinde tercih edilen görüşe muhalefet ederek emrin bir delil veya karîne vasıtasıyla umûm ifade edebileceğini dile getirmiştir. Bu çalışmada Ebü’l-Yüsr ile Hanefî usûlcülerinin emrin tekrarı hususundaki düşüncüleri mukayese edilerek her iki görüş detaylı bir şekilde irdelenmiştir. Yapılan incelemenin sonucunda mezhep içerisindeki bu ihtilafın emirle talep edilen herhangi bir fiilin yeniden vâcip olmasının mecâzen sebeplere izâfe edilip edilemeyeceği sorusuna verilen cevapla ilişkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Ensâr’ın İktidar Taleplerinin Reddi Bağlamında Hilâfetin Kureyşliliği Problematiği
Authors: OFLAZ Abdulhalim
Published: June 2020

Asya, Afrika ve Avrupa kıtalarının kesişme noktasında yer alan Arabistan yarımadasının güney ve kuzey kesimlerinde irili ufaklı bazı devletlerin teşekkülü bilinse de Orta Arabistan denilen Hicaz bölgesinde tarih boyunca güçlü bir merkezî yönetim ve siyasî birlik kurulamamıştır. İlk defa Hz. Peygamber’in, kabilecilik anlayışı yerine ümmetçilik fikrini yerleştirmesiyle bu bölge devletleşme süreci yaşamaya başlamıştır. Ancak Resûlullah’ın vefatının ardından onun kurmuş olduğu siyasî birliğin kimin liderliğinde ve hangi yönetim modeliyle sürdürüleceği hususunda ihtilaflar yaşanmıştır. Çünkü ne Hz. Peygamber ne de Kur’ân, Peygamber sonrası için herhangi bir isim ve yönetim modeli zikretmemiştir. Bu çalışmada ilk dönemdeki bu ihtilafların Ensâr ile bağlantılı kısmı üzerinde durulacaktır. Özellikle Sakife ve Harre olayları bağlamında Ensâr’ın iktidardan uzaklaştırılmalarında Hilâfetin Kureyşliliği argümanının kullanılıp kullanılmadığı irdelenecektir.
Tedlis Yapmakla İtham Edilen Kûfeli Râviler
Authors: ÇELİK Ali
Published: June 2020

Âlimler tarafından eleştirilen rivâyetlerden biri de müdelles hadistir. Hicrî birinci asırda herhangi bir değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmayan müdelles rivâyet, hicri ikinci asrın ortalarından itibaren tenkid edilmiş ve yalan ile eşdeğer görülmüştür. Hadislerin cerhini gerektiren kusurlardan olan “tedlîs” vasıtasıyla hadis nakletme yöntemini bazı sika râviler de kullanmışlardır. Müdelles hadis, bazı şartları taşımaları halinde münekkitlerce sağlam olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bahse konu olan Kûfe, en fazla müdellis râvi barındıran şehir olarak temeyyüz etmektedir. Tedlîs yapmakla itham edilen söz konusu râviler ekseriyetle hadis rivâyetinde güvenilir kabul edilen kişilerdir. Dolayısıyla naklettikleri rivâyetleri terk etmek yerine münekkidler tarafından değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur. Yaptığımız tetkikler sonucunda Kûfe’de mezkûr yöntemle rivâyette bulunan Kûfeli müdellislerin hadis rivâyetindeki durumları irdelenerek değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur. Ayrıca râvîlerimizin hayatlarını idame ettikleri Kûfe’nin şehir tarihi hususunda bilgi verilip Kûfe’deki hadis faaliyetlerine kısaca değinilmiştir.
Felsefenin Fıkhi Hükmü Fukaha'nın Felsefeye Bakışı Üzerine Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: KAR Sait
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışma, İslam Fıkıh literatüründe felsefenin fikhî hükmü konusunda serdedilmiş olumsuz görüşlerin bir değerlendirmesini yapmayı amaçlamaktadır. Zira Fıkıh müdevvenatında felsefi faaliyetin cevazına dair olumlu bir görüş bulma çabası, samanlıkta iğne aramak kabilinden bir durum gibi gözükmektedir. Bu nedenle, öncelikle fıkıh literatüründe felsefeye dair ortaya konulmuş olan olumsuz yaklaşımların neler olduğunun ve hangi saiklerle bu sonuçlara varıldığının belirlenmesi, büyük önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmamızın konusu olan İslam fıkıh geleneğinin, felsefi faaliyetin dini hükmü hakkında ortaya koymuş olduğu olumsuz yaklaşımları, bu hususta Dr. Ahmet Selman Baktı tarafından hazırlanmış ve kapsamlı bir araştırmanın ürünü olan “Felsefenin “Hakikati” Konu Edinmesi “Caiz” mi?” başlıklı makaleden yola çıkarak ortaya koyacağız. Bilindiği gibi Kur’an-ı Kerim’de, aklı kullanmayı tavsiye eden pek çok ayet vardır. Fakihlerin, temel prensibi aklı kullanmak üzere şekillenen felsefeye yönelik eleştirileri ise bu gerçekle çelişmektedir. Aslında, bir ilim olarak fıkhın içtihada dayandığı, bunda da aklın kullanımını gerektiren kıyasın büyük bir payı olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu durumda fukaha, kendi kullandığı yöntemi kullandığı gerekçesi ilefelsefeyi eleştiriyor demektir ki bu da açıkça totolojidir.
Prevalence of Smoking among Iranian Adults: Findings of the National STEPs Survey 2016
Authors: Varmaghani Mehdi , Sharifi Farshad , Mehdipour Parinaz , Sheidaei Ali , Djalalinia Shirin , Gohari Kimiya , Modirian Mitra , Pazhuheian Forough , Peykari Niloofar , Haghshenas Rosa , Khajavi Alireza , Zokaei Hossein , Moradi Ghobad , Mahdavihezaveh Alireza , Farzadfar Farshad
Published: June 2020

Background: Tobacco smoking is one of the most important avoidable causes of mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This study aimed to report the crude and standardized prevalence of current, ever, and secondhand smoking at national and provincial levels. Methods: This study was performed through an analysis of the results of the STEPs survey 2016, which was conducted as a cross-sectional national study. The samples were selected via multistage cluster sampling and they were representative of general population aged ≥18 years in all provinces of Iran. All the data were analyzed via survey analysis while considering population weights. Age-standardized prevalence was also calculated for the Iranian national population in 2016 and the World Health Organization (WHO) Population 2000-2025. Results: A total of 29963 subjects aged ≥18 years from all provinces of Iran, except for Qom, participated in this study. The age standardized prevalence of current tobacco smoking among adult males and females were 24.4% (95% CI: 23.6%–25.1%) and 3.8% (95% CI: 3.5%–4.1%), respectively. Among the participants, the majority of the current smokers were among those aged 45-54 years (14.5%; 95% CI: 13.6%–15.5%). With increase in age, the prevalence of secondhand smoking decreased to 34.8% (95% CI: 33.3%–36.7%) among people aged 18–24 years and to 22·6% (95% CI: 21.0%–24.3%) among subjects over 70 years. Conclusion: The result of the study can be used to inform policy makers about the status of smoking and help them to design policies for setting rules on and limiting the import of cigarettes and their components to the country.
Is Histopathological Evaluation of Hernia Sacs Necessary?
Authors: Topal Ugur , Gok Mustafa , Akyuz Muhammet , Oz Abdullah Bahadir , Arikan Turkmen Bahadir , Solak İsmail , Deniz Kemal , Sozuer Erdogan
Published: June 2020

Background: Our aim was to investigate the pathologies in the hernia sac in adults, and the frequency of malignancy as well as to confirm the necessity of maintaining the current applications in histological examination of the hernia sac. Methods: Patients who were operated for hernia in our clinic from 2013 to 2019 were included in the study. Patient data were evaluated retrospectively. We divided the patients into four groups, according to the type of hernia. We evaluated the demographic characteristics of the patients, the pathologies within the hernia sac, histopathological examination outcomes of the hernia sac and clinical features of malignancy in patients with malignancy. Results: A total number of 556 adult patients underwent inguinal, femoral, umbilical or incisional hernia repair in our hospital. Nine patients (0.61%) had malignancy in the hernia sac. Three out of nine patients (33%) had no preoperative diagnosis of malignancy. Six patients (67%) had a known history of malignancy. Two tumors were located in the inguinal (22.0%), six tumors in the incisional (67%), and one in the umbilical (11%) hernia sacs. Among these, 56% were of gastrointestinal, 22% of gynecological, 11% of breast and 11% of epididymis origin. Most of the other pathologies found in the hernia sac were herniated bowel segments, lipomas and omentum. Conclusion: Since the hernia sac might be the first clue for an underlying cancer, if abnormal pathological findings are detected during surgery, histopathological examination should be performed to exclude malignancy. The purpose of histological examination is to detect a hidden malignancy
Evaluation of Tabriz medical students’ expectations of learning English for specific purposes (ESP): A focus on gender and subject field
Authors: Sojoodizadeh Rana , Ahangari Saeideh , Sheykhsaran Elham
Published: June 2020

Background:Teaching professional English is a field that began in the 1960s simultaneously with the worldwide recognition of English as a common scientific language among scientists and researchers. Learners’ language needs and expectations have received much attention during the last decade. Likewise, within the scope of medical English, understanding the expectations of students is of the utmost importance. This study was designed to investigate the expectations of medical students regarding English language learning and application.Methods:This cross-sectional study examined the expectations of 362 medical students in three program groups (medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy) in learning professional English during their coursework. A reliable and valid questionnaire was distributed among students who had a specific professional English course in various semesters in the faculty of medicine. Descriptive statistics and inferential analyses were conducted using SPSS software version 16.0Results:In this study, the most frequent expectation from medical students was for their teachers to translate texts into the Persian language and help them to comprehend medical texts and final examinations, including translating from Persian to English as well. The results also found a difference between the expectations of male and female students, with female students having higher expectations than male students. There was no significant difference among the students of the three program groups (medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy) for total expectations or evaluation. However, there was a significant difference between the medical and pharmacy students.Conclusion:Measuring student expectations is a critical factor in addressing English language learning, including professors’ knowledge and interest, of students’ various abilities in English for specific purposes (ESP).
Prescription writing through the lens of the threshold concept framework: a narrative review
Authors: Khurshid Faraz , Bashir Samra , Noushad Babu
Published: June 2020

Background: Although challenging, writing prescriptions is an essential practical competency of medical graduates. This process is transformative as it reflects medical students’ ways of thinking and practising. A conceptual framework, similar to "way of thinking and practising", known as ‘threshold concepts’ can help students to establish meaningful connections between the transformative and conceptually difficult ideas underlying prescription writing. This enables them to think, practice and demonstrate the competence required for rational drug prescription conducive to effective pharmacotherapeutic care.Methods: A narrative review was conducted on a subset of articles retrieved during the course of an another literature review using four bibliographic databases from 15th August to 15th September 2019. The literature review is focussed on instructional interventions and their impact on university-level students learning pharmacology. Seminal papers on threshold concepts were also included to draw a comparison between prescription writing and key attributes of the threshold concepts framework.Results: An alignment supported by examples was observed between different aspects and challenges of prescription writing and key attributes of the threshold concept framework.Conclusion: Using the threshold concepts framework as a lens in prescription writing offers an insight to the curriculum designers employing it as a pedagogical utility in transforming medical students’ way of thinking and practising for rational prescribing. Moreover, it also informs the likelihood of unidentified threshold concepts for beginners within the course of prescription writing.
Kümeleme Algoritmalarında Kullanılan Farklı Yöntemlere Genel Bakış
Authors: YOUSEFİ Tohid , ODABAS Mehmet Serhat , OKTAŞ Recai
Published: June 2020

Veri madenciliği, birçok teknik ve algoritmayı kullanarak büyük veri tabanlarından anlamlı bilgileri çıkarma işlemidir. Veri madenciliği genellikle, “verilerde bilgi keşfi” olarak adlandırılan ve bu bilgileri bulmak için kullanılan yöntemlerdir. Veri madenciliğinin temel yöntemlerinden birisi olan kümeleme yöntemidir. Kümeleme yöntemi günümüz dünyasında hızla çoğalan verilerin analizinde kullanılacak en güçlü yöntemlerdendir. Kümeleme bazı benzerlik mesafelerine dayalı olarak verilerdeki doğal gruplamaları veya kümeleri bulma tekniğidir. Kümeleme aslında birçok farklı veri analizlerinde temel bir adımdır. Bundan dolayı bu derlemede kümeleme algoritmalarında kullanılan farklı yöntemler özet bir şekilde anlatılmıştır.
Modelling of a flat plate solar collector system using response surface methodology
Authors: OMO-OGHOGHO Eghosa , ALIU Sufianu Adeiza
Published: June 2020

In this study, performance analysis of flat plate solar collector has been carried out analytically. A comprehensive mathematical modelling of thermal performance is modelled using Response Surface Methodology and optimal geometrical and thermodynamic parameters are predicted pertaining to optimum performance of the system. In this study a model was developed for evaluating and predicting the efficiency, outlet temperature and performance of a flat plate solar collector considering the hour angle, day and input temperature as input parameters.
El liderazgo femenino y su ejercicio en las organizaciones educativas
Authors: Díez Gutiérrez Enrique Javier , Valle Flórez Rosa Eva , Terrón Bañuelos Eloína , Centeno Suárez Begoña
Published: June 2020

El siglo que hemos empezado se abre con nuevas conquistas de igualdad para la mujer. El principio de igualdad a nivel legal ha generado importantes cambios en los derechos de las mujeres y su posibilidad, al menos teórica, de acceder a las diferentes esferas sociales. Sin embargo los datos son persistentes en demostrar que las mujeres no ocupan o participan del núcleo del poder, ya sea económico o político, y el acceso a los máximos niveles de responsabilidad sigue estando lleno de obstáculos, e incluso vedado para ellas. Esta investigación se centra en el análisis de un ámbito concreto donde se da esta contradicción: las organizaciones educativas. En ellas, por un lado, hay un elevado número de profesoras que ejercen sus funciones en las tareas docentes y por otro lado es insignificante el número de ellas que ejercen funciones directivas. Por ello, hemos querido contribuir con nuestra investigación al conocimiento de las percepciones que sobre la función directiva y el liderazgo existen en este colectivo y las razones y obstáculos que encuentran o les impiden el acceso a estos cargos de mayor responsabilidad y poder.
Pembuatan film plastik biodegradable dari limbah kulit kopi dengan penambahan kitosan/gliserol
Authors: Safitra Edwin Rizki , Herlina Idra
Published: June 2020

Biodegradable plastic production has been developed for a long time by researchers. Data from Ministry of Industry in 2017 stated Indonesia's plastic production reached 3.9 million tons/ year. In this study, the raw materials used came from untapped waste, namely coffee skin, biodiesel-waste glycerol and shrimp-shells chitosan. In this research, biodegradable plastic films have been produced with the addition of glycerol and coffee skin waste with chitosan concentration variations of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8%. After the optimum conditions were obtained by comparing the elongation and tensile strength values, then the variations in coffee skin waste were added with a weight of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 g. Tensile strength and elongation values with variations of chitosan were 0.2-1.87 MPa and 0.22-0.15%, respectively. Whereas the variation of tensile strength and elongation coffee skins were 1.8-0.27 MPa and 0.14-0.2%, respectively. The optimum conditions for producing biodegradable plastic films were obtained with variations of chitosan 4% and 2 g coffee skin with tensile strength and elongation values of 0.98 MPa and 0.16%. The tensile strength and elongation data produced from biodegradable plastic was still below the standard value of commercial plastic or synthetic plastic (HDPE) with values of tensile strength and elongation of 28.64 MPa and 6.5186% respectively.
Uji Performa Gasoline Engine menggunakan bioaditif cengkeh dengan bensin berkadar oktan 90
Authors: Alfian Devia Gahana Cindi , Prahmana Rico Aditia , Silitonga Dicky J. , Muhyi Abdul , Supriyadi Didik
Published: June 2020

Globally, the demand for fuels is ever-increasing and so is the demand for fuel additives. A fuel additive is a substance added in small quantities to increase the performance of the engine, decrease fuel consumption and reduce emission. The fuel additives have no specific set of raw materials or ingredients. Every fuel additive is different from the other in many ways of raw materials and ingredients to produce these additives. In many cases, fuel additives have made by chemical materials as additives for a gasoline engine. However, the optimal parameters for the reduction of fuel consumption are not clear. Accordingly, the present study performs a mixing additive material in the form of clove oil with pure gasoline fuel with a percentage of 1%, 0,6% and 0,3% from a total volume of gasoline to be tested. Then the mixing of the additive and gasoline is tested into the gasoline engine by varying the load using 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800 and 2000 Watt power with a fixed engine rotation of 2500 rpm. The results show that the reduction of fuel consumption respectively. Results showed that the addition of 1%, 0.6% and 0.3% clove oil into a 90 octane gasoline reduced fuel consumption by 10.6%, 18.2% and 15.4% respectively. Maximum reduction of fuel consumption was 28.6% at 800 W electrical load with 0.6% of clove oil additive.
Universal Numbers - The Universe Of Eternity
Authors: Shah Balram A
Published: June 2020

The urge to understand the universe and solve some existing problems has led us to discover a special set of numbers that isn’t just a higher set of real and complex numbers but also handles zero and infinity in its true existence. This number system articulates a wide and very basic understanding of mathematics in its natural form with respect to the universe. In real numbers, dividing by zero results in multiple solutions so it is best practice to avoid dividing by zero, but what if dividing by zero has a unique solution? Universal numbers carry additional accuracy about every number and produces unique results for every indeterminate form. Related to this number system, theories, frameworks, axioms, theorems, and formulas are established. Also, some problems are solved which had no confirmed solutions in the past. Problems solved in this article gives more understanding about the imaginary number, calculus, infinite summation series, negative factorial, Euler's number e, and mathematical constant π from a very new perspective. With these numbers, we also understand that zero, one, and mathematical constant e are standard reference points playing a very important role in mathematics. Universal number system simply opens a new horizon for entire mathematics and its property to holds additional details allows us to deal with every number precisely but may require computation intelligence and power for evaluation in some cases. The three major aspects of the universal number are the endless horizon of number scale, infinite precision of every number and the reference point (zero, one, e and π).
A mulher como sujeito subalterno no conto Liberdade Adiada, de Dina Salústio
Authors: Costa Santiago Ana Carolina Da Silveira , Cardoso Sebastião Marques
Published: June 2020

Sob a luz da perspectiva feminista pós-colonial, este artigo pretende analisar o conto Liberdade adiada, da autora cabo-verdiana Dina Salústio, que integra a obra Mornas eram as noites (2002). Por meio deste trabalho, pretende-se resgatar a história da mulher cabo verdiana e sua condição enquanto sujeito emudecido e apagado. Com base em teorias pós-modernas, analisamos aspectos como subalternidade, o sujeito feminino e sua condição. Para falar da literatura africana como um todo, teremos o suporte de autores como Mazrui (2010), Santos (2003) e Gandhi (1998). Para tratar de tópicos como feminismo e pós-colonialismo, teremos como base leituras em Silva (2014), Bahri (2013), Spivak (2010). E sobre autoria feminina em Cabo Verde, teremos Gomes (2015) como cerne. O presente estudo almeja tratar sobre a emergência da construção de uma identidade feminina da mulher cabo-verdiana.
Literatura chicana – memórias e luta política: entrevista com a escritora Lucha Corpi
Authors: Meanda Juliana Machado
Published: June 2020

Lucha Corpi é uma das escritoras pioneiras da literatura chicana feminina. Reconhecida e premiada, iniciou a publicação de suas obras ao fim da década de 1970 e permanece em atividade até os dias de hoje. Nesta entrevista, concedida por e-mail em setembro de 2018, ela fala sobre suas memórias pessoais, contando sobre os diversos aspectos que influenciaram a sua vocação literária – desde sua infância e adolescência no México, passando por sua migração para os Estados Unidos na década de 1960, sua carreira como professora e sua autodescoberta como escritora, além de sua identidade chicana. Ela relata ainda a sua chegada aos Estados Unidos, em plena efervescência do movimento pelos direitos civis, e como o Movimento Chicano a influenciou não apenas pessoalmente mas também em relação à sua escrita, o que é possível perceber diretamente em sua série de ficção detetivesca, que promove uma releitura histórica ao resgatar diversos episódios e símbolos daquele movimento.
Filarmônica
Authors: Venturi Eliseu Raphael
Published: June 2020

Miniconto
La importancia de la documentación histórica en el relato transmedia: el caso de “El Ministerio del Tiempo”
Authors: Miranda-Galbe Jorge , Cabezuelo-Lorenzo Francisco
Published: June 2020

Este trabajo propone el refuerzo de la formación en competencias ligadas a la Historia de España e Historia Universal en el currículo formativo de los futuros egresados en el campo de la Comunicación Audiovisual ante el actual reto de la narrativa transmedia en la que la participación de los públicos se ha incrementado. Solo teniendo unos sólidos conocimientos culturales y bagaje histórico y humanístico, el nuevo egresado en Comunicación Audiovisual y Multimedia podrá dar respuesta al reto de tratar de explotar, en el sentido más económico del término, el auténtico valor y sentido de un producto de calidad, más allá de la obsesión por la perfección técnica o la innovación tecnológica.
Posverdad y comunicación 2.0
Authors: Barrientos-Báez Almudena , Barquero Cabrero Mario , García García Enrique
Published: June 2020

Posverdad​ o mentira emotiva es un neologismo​ que describe la distorsión deliberada de una realidad, con el fin de crear y modelar la opinión pública e influir en las actitudes sociales. Como término y como realidad, tiene una importancia cada vez mayor en nuestras vidas: desde la elección de Trump y el Brexit hasta la crisis catalana… es casi fútil dar ejemplos concretos: basta abrir twitter cada mañana y, por moda estadística, habrá un bulo circulando, en el timeline del observador o siendo comentado o compartido por alguno de sus contactos. Un bulo que su autor conoce y que quienes comparten no cuestionan: noticia acompañada de foto iguala a realidad. Aunque la mentira como arma política, electoral e ideológica está lejos de ser un concepto nuevo, la mentira descarada parece haberse instalado de forma generalizada como elemento de influencia en la opinión pública: la interconectividad que debería hacernos inmunes a la manipulación por parte de profesionales, nos ha hecho más vulnerables a las mentiras pueriles, falaces, sencillas… a aquellas mentiras que serían fáciles de desmentir, pero que somos demasiado colectivamente indolentes como para comprobar, investigar, o simplemente plantearnos la veracidad de estas noticias.
THE DIVERGENCE OF FINANCIAL SCIENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE GENESIS OF PUBLIC FINANCE THEORY
Authors: DERLYTSIA Andrii
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Financial science in Ukraine is still characterized by a state-centered approach to analyzing fiscal processes. It remains the theory of government finance, while in the West, in the course of scientific divergence, the theory of public finance has emerged, which derives their determinism from individual interests and needs. Purpose is to study the historical aspects of the theory of public finance in the process of evolutionary divergence of financial sciences. Methods. The methods of comparison, logical analysis and historical method of scientific knowledge are used in the work. Results. The process of historical divergence of financial science has been investigated, which has outlined some areas that explore public finance, corporate finance and personal finance. It is revealed that the origins of public financial management belong to the antique period, and the final awareness of the publicity of finances is laid since the establishment of constitutionalism in European countries. It is proved that the term “finance” at the time of its origin is used to describe the payment system, where the boundaries between the king's personal finances, public funds, government and bank credit are erased. It is shown that at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries, Western economic thought followed the divergence of financial science in three independent directions. It is found that the concept of “public finance” was only introduced into the scientific community at the end of the 19th century, and the use of the term “finance” is fixed in the area of corporate finance. It is established that the foundations of scientific study of financial phenomena based on deductive method and abstract approach are laid by the classical school of political economy. It is proved that the analysis of taxes and public expenditures in relation, through the prism of individual interests and subjective value, made a methodological revolution and became the last step towards the formation of the modern theory of public finance. Conclusions. The priority of domestic financial thought is its transition from the theory of government finance to the theory of public finance in the context of integration into the conceptual paradigm of Western financial science.
Wealth inequalities in cities of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and their changes during the seventeenth century. Sources and methods of measure
Authors: Wagner Katarzyna
Published: June 2020

I would like to determine the evolution of wealth concentration in main cities of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by comparing the data from different benchmark years. Moreover, I will analyze whether the Gini coefficient value indeed refers to the communities who are at a threshold of economic growth, and what is the correlation between the value of the coefficient and the town or city’s economic situation. Also, it is worthwhile to ponder the question: is there any correlation – noted by both Jan Luiten van Zanden and Guido Alfani – whereby the larger the town/city, the more visible the inequalities. Finally, how do the towns/cities of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth compare to those in Western Europe.
Science Education in Kenya
Authors: Okelo Ochong’
Published: June 2020

This paper briefly presents the structure and organization of science education from preschool (preprimary) to university level. It also addresses such sociocultural issues as religion and acceptance or resistance to science by the Kenyan society.
Literacy and Language Learning in a Study Abroad Context
Authors: Kline Rebecca R.
Published: June 2020

In the present article, I aim to (1) comment on the de facto agenda for study abroad research, (2) review briefly the literature on reading and study abroad, (3) argue for a “social practices” view of foreign language literacy, and (4) present findings from an illustrative project in which a qualitative approach framed exploration of study abroad literacy as social practice.
Differences Of Anaemia Status, Nutritional Status And Nutritional Intake Adolescent Girl In Urban And Rural Areas
Authors: Haya Miratul , Destariyani Elvi
Published: June 2020

Adolescence is a transition from childhood to adulthood which is marked by a number of biological, cognitive, and emotional changes. Adolescent nutritional status is very influential on brain growth needed for cognitive and intellectual processes. The emergence of adolescent nutrition problems is basically due to the wrong eating consumption behavior. A diet that is not balanced with the body's nutritional needs will cause the body to lack iron. Persistent iron deficiency in adolescent girls can cause hemoglobin (Hb) levels in the blood to decrease and cause anemia. The objective was to analyze differences in anemia status, nutritional status and nutritional intake of adolescent girls in urban and rural areas. This type of research is cross sectional with research sites in SMAN 2 Bengkulu City and SMAN 4 Bengkulu Utara. The sample of the study was young women who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of 130 people. Data collected was characteristic of sample data obtained through questionnaires, anemia status data obtained from Hb examination using a digital hemoglobinometer, nutritional status data obtained by anthropometric index IMT / U and nutritional intake data, data were collected using the SQ-FFQ method. Data analysis using Independent t-test if the data with normal distribution and Mann Whitney U test for data with abnormal distribution. The result is, there was no difference between anemia status, nutritional status and intake of vitamin C in young women in urban and rural areas. There is a difference between protein intake and iron adolescent girls in urban and rural areas.
TESTS OF FLAT HYDROTURBINE ROTATING A HEAT EXCHANGE TUBE
Authors: Bal'chugov Aleksey , Kustov Borislav , Kustova Natal'ya
Published: June 2020

Tests of a flat-blade hydraulic turbine designed to rotate a heat transfer tube at a laboratory bench have been performed. The dependence of the rotational speed of a hydraulic turbine in a vertical tube on the flow of water is determined.
TESTING LABORATORY UNIT FOR RESEARCH ON HEAT TRANSFER OF HORIZONTAL HEAT EXCHANGE TUBE
Authors: Bal'chugov Aleksey , Vazhenin Mihail , Kustov Borislav
Published: June 2020

Tests of a laboratory setup for the study of new methods of heat transfer enhancement were performed. The experimentally determined heat transfer coefficients are in good agreement with those calculated by known equations, which indicates the reliability of the research methods used.
MODELING THE WORK OF FACILITY FOR METHANOL SYNTHESYS ON ZINC-CHROMIUM CATALYST
Authors: Danilov Sergey , Chernigovskaya Marina , Semenov Ivan
Published: June 2020

The synthesis of methanol on high-temperature catalysts was simulated. The process model was compiled using the DWSim
KEY STOCK INDICES OF THE MOSCOW EXCHANGE
Authors: Cheklaukova Elena
Published: June 2020

The main stock indexes on the Moscow stock exchange are considered, their peak values are given, and forecast values for 2020 are formulated.
THE REACTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SECURITIES MARKET ON THE CORONAVIRUS IN CHINA
Authors: Cheklaukova Elena , Popovich Dar'ya
Published: June 2020

The article presents the main global securities markets and analyzes the changes in stock indexes after the coronavirus outbreak in China. In conclusion, the opinion of analysts on the dynamics of the securities market in Russia is formulated
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION OF THE PRODUCTION OF A HYDROCARBON BASE FOR DRILLING FLUIDS AS PART OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION FOR OIL PRODUCTION ENTERPRISES
Authors: Kuzora Igor' , Dubrovskiy Dmitriy , Stadnik Aleksandr
Published: June 2020

The process of developing and introducing into production the technology for obtaining the base for drilling fluids based on products of deep oil processing is described
RECONSTRUCTION OF PYROLYSIS PRODUCTS HARDENING COLUMN IN DICHLOROETHANE PRODUCTION
Authors: Lukin Maksim , Scherbin Sergey
Published: June 2020

The version of reconstruction of pyrolysis products quenching column at JSC "Sayanskchimplast" is considered, which consists in replacement of standard valves in plates with highefficiency valves EDV.
NVESTIGATION OF EPOXY COMPOSITIONS DOPED WITH ACORROSIONINHIBITOR
Authors: Polynskiy Igor' , Polynskaya Mariya
Published: June 2020

The study of corrosion processes on steel samples coated with epoxy compositions modified with a corrosion inhibitor was performed using impedance spectroscopy. The introduction of THE KI-1 inhibitor into the finished resin affects the mechanical properties of the composite and provides corrosion resistance of the steel base
THE PROBLEM OF SALT DEPOSITION AND CORROSION PROCESSES IN THE INSTALLATION FOR DRYING AND CLEANING FUEL GAS FROM HYDROGEN SULFIDE
Authors: Sokolov Aleksandr , Dement'ev Anatoliy , Podoplelov Evgeniy
Published: June 2020

The paper proposes a project for washing hydrogen sulfide-containing gas from ammonia, which allows solving the problem of formation of ammonium salts in the gas pipeline and other technological equipment of the unit for drying and cleaning fuel gas from hydrogen sulfide in shop 17/19 of Angarsk petrochemical company
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF AMINES IN HYDROGEN-CONTAINING GAS PURIFICATION PROCESSES
Authors: Soshnikov Pavel , Semenov Ivan
Published: June 2020

A comparative analysis of aqueous solutions of monoethanolamine (MEA) and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) used as acid gas absorbers in the purification of hydrogen-containing gas is performed. The necessity of complex mathematical modeling of the process for developing recommendations on the choice of the absorber for a specific gas composition is shown
MODELLING OF METHYLAMINE RECTIFICATION PROCESS
Authors: Ul'yanov Boris , Semenov Ivan , Dubrovskiy Dmitriy
Published: June 2020

The article considers the results of the survey and simulation of the unit for rectification of metilamines in the conditions of JSC "ANHK" with the issuance of recommendations on replacement of internal contact devices, change of material flows and decommissioning of two rectification columns. The implementation of the recommendations allowed to ensure continuous operation of the plant and to reduce the costs of heating steam, electricity and water
Comparative study of Allergy Explorer (ALEX) versus ImmunoCAP platforms
Authors: Nerelius C , Andersson M , Sogaard L , Schwanbeck M , Kofler S , Berthold M
Published: June 2020

Objective. In this study, technical performance of the new multiplex ALEX test was compared with results from ImmunoCAP single tests (tIgE, sIgE) and the multiplex platform ImmunoCAP ISAC sIgE 112. Materials and methods. Eleven whole allergen extracts and corresponding allergen components from different allergen groups were used for the analysis of 64-66 patients sera by all three platforms. Results. For the whole allergens, 55% false negative results were obtained with the ALEX test comparing to the ImmunoCAP sIgE tests while for allergen components the ALEX test gives 33% false negative results when compared to ImmunoCAP sIgE test results. Additionally, the ALEX test is characterized by a low dynamic range - the platform demonstrated no results above 36 kUA/L for samples giving 100 kUA/L using ImmunoCAP Specific IgE tests in the analysis of sIgE response to the whole allergens. For the allergen components, ALEX showed no results above 38 kUA/L for samples of up to 150 kUA/L according to ImmunoCAP Specific IgE test results. Comparing to ImmunoCAP single plex tests, ALEX show low dynamic range and poor agreement in quantitative results for tIgE and sIgE both for whole allergens and allergen components, while in the comparison with ImmunoCAP ISAC sIgE 112 platform, the agreement is better, but the sensitivity and dynamic range are still low._ Conclusions. The ALEX test has some serious limitations in its performance comparing to both types of ImmunoCAP platforms.
PENGARUH STRUKTUR MODAL DAN PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN
Authors: Indah Anggraeni Paramitha  , Lisdawati
Published: June 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan memberi bukti empiris atas pengaruh StrukturModal dan Profitabilitas baik secara parsial maupun simultan terhadap Kebijakan Dividen pada PT.Mayora Indah, Tbk periode 2011-2017. Struktur Modal menggunakan pengukuran debt-to EquityRatio (DER), Profitabilitas menggunakan pengukuran Return On Asset (ROA) dan Kebijakan Dividenmenggunakan pengukuran dividend payout ratio (DPR). Metode penelitian menggunakan datasekunder berupa laporan keuangan PT. Mayora Indah, Tbk serta analisis data menggunakan regresilinier berganda, pengujian asumsi klasik yang meliputi: Uji Normalitas, Multikolinearitas,Heteroskedastisitas serta Uji Autokorelasi, dan Uji Hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwaStruktur Modal dan Profitabilitas berpengaruh secara parsial dan simultan terhadap KebijakanDividen.Kata kunci: kebijakan dividen, profitabilitas, struktur modal.

The purpose of this study was to find out and give empirical study thru the effect of Capital Structureand Profitability in la partially and simultaneously on the Dividend Policy at PT. Mayora Indah, Tbkfor the period 2011-2017. Capital Structure uses debt-to Equity Ratio (DER) metering, profitabilityuses Return On Asset (ROA) metering and Dividend Policy uses dividend payout ratio (DPR)metering. The research method uses secondary data in the form of financial statements of PT. MayoraIndah, Tbk and data analysis using multiple linear regression, classic assumptions test which includethe normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity and Autocorrelation tests, with hypothesis tests.The results showed that the Capital Structure and Profitability have a partial and simultaneous effecton the Dividend Policy.Keywords: dividend policy, profitabilty, capital structure.
PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN FISIK DAN PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN PASIEN UPT PUSKESMAS CIPUTAT TIMUR KOTA TANGERANG SELATAN
Authors: Azizah Setyawati  , Rissa Hanny
Published: June 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh yang ditimbulkan dari variabel lingkunganfisik dan pelayanan terhadap kepuasan pasien pada UPT. Puskesmas Ciputat Timur, Kota TangerangSelatan. Kepuasan pasien merupakan salah satu indikator di dalam menentukan berhasil tidaknyasuatu organisasi maupun perusahaan dalam meraih tujuan yang telah ditetapkan. Jenis penelitianmenggunakan riset survei. Subjek penelitian ini melibatkan 50 orang pasien Puskesmas. Teknikpengumpulan data menggunakan perangkat kuesioner, observasi dan teknik studi kepustakaan,sedangkan teknik análisis data menggunakan análisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan statistik inferensialmelalui pengujian validitas dan reliabilitas data, uji asumsi klasik, dan pengujian hipotesis penelitiandengan bantuan Software SPSS Versi 23.00. Hasil dari penelitian ini antara lain: (1) Lingkungan Fisikdan Pelayanan berpengaruh signifikan secara simultan terhadap Kepuasan Pasien; dan (2) LingkunganFisik terhadap kepuasan pasien tidak berpengaruh signifikan sementara Pelayanan terhadap kepuasanpasien berpengaruh signifikan, artinya semakin baik pelayanan pasien pada UPT Puskesmas CiputatTimur akan semakin meningkat kepuasan pasien.Kata kunci: kepuasan pasien, lingkungan fisik, pelayanan.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect caused by physical environment and servicesvariables to the patient satisfaction at UPT. Puskesmas Ciputat Timur, South Tangerang City. Patientsatisfaction is one indicator of determining the successing an organization although company inachieving the goals. This type of study uses survey research. The subjects of this study involved 50patients from the Puskesmas. Data collection techniques using questionnaires, observation andliterature study techniques, while the data analysis technique uses quantitative descriptive analysisand inferential statistics through the data validity and reliability testing, classic assumptions tests,and hypothesis test with the support of SPSS Software Version 23.00. The results of this study include:(1) Physical Environment and Services have a significant effect simultaneously to the PatientSatisfaction; and (2) Physical Environment to the patient satisfaction doesn't have a significant effectwhile Service to the patient satisfaction has a significant effect, meaning that patient service is thebetter at the UPT Puskesmas Ciputar Timur will increasingly increase patient satisfaction.Keywords: patient satisfaction, physical environment, services.
ANALISIS FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPUTUSAN BERKUNJUNG PADA MAKAM SYECH QURO KARAWANG
Authors: Abdul Yusuf  , Nia Darnia
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini membahas faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi keputusan berkunjungpada makam Syech Quro Karawang dan faktor apa yang dominan mempengaruhi keputusanberkunjung pada makam Syech Quro Karawang. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 307 orangpengunjung makam Syech Quro Karawang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa faktor-faktoryang mempengaruhi keputusan berkunjung pada makam Syech Quro Karawang adalah faktorkeinginan untuk menambah pengetahuan baru, faktor melepaskan diri dari rutinitas pekerjaan,faktor menjalin silahturami dan faktor ingin menikmati aktivitas yang menyenangkan, dan faktordominan yang mempengaruhi keputusan berkunjung pada makam Syech Quro Karawang adalahfaktor keinginan untuk menambah pengetahuan baru.Kata Kunci : Keputusan Berkunjung, Melepaskan Diri, Relaksasi, Bermain, Mempererat IkatanKeluarga, Gengsi, Interaksi Sosial, Romantis, Peluang Pendidikan, Pemenuhan Diri, dan HarapanTerpenuhiAbstract : This study discusses what factors influence the decision to visit the tomb of Syech QuroKarawang and what factors predominantly influence the decision to visit the tomb of Syech QuroKarawang. The sample of this study was 307 visitors to the tomb of Syech Quro Karawang. Theresults of this study indicate that the factors that influence the decision to visit the tomb of SyechQuro Karawang are the factors of wanting to add new knowledge, the factor of breaking awayfrom work routines, the factor of strengthening family bonds and the factor of wanting to enjoypleasant activities, and the dominant factor influencing the decision of visiting the tomb of SyechQuro Karawang is a factor in wanting to add new knowledge.Keywords: Visiting Decision, Exscape , Relaxation, Play, Strengthening Family bonds , Prestige,Social Interaction, Romance, Educational Opportunities, Self-Fulfillment, and Wish Fulfillment.