bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Freezing and Intraosseous Fluid on the Stiffness Behavior of Canine Trabecular Bone
Authors: Nuccion Stephen L , Otsuka Norman Y , Davey J Roderick
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The effect of disrupting the intraosseous fluid compartment and freezing on the mechanical stiffness of trabecular bone in intact canine femoral head specimens was investigated. Twenty-four skeletally mature dogs were divided into two groups. Twelve paired fresh femora were tested and 12 paired femora were tested after freezing at -20° C. The intact femoral head specimens were subjected to a load of physiologic magnitude, and then the stiffness of the underlying trabecular bone was determined in intact femora, in drilled femora with a disrupted intraosseous fluid compartment, and subsequently after refilling the compartment with fluid.

Drilling of the femoral head and disrupting its bony fluid compartment resulted in a 40% decrease in stiffness (P<.001). This effect was seen only with fresh specimens and not frozen specimens. Refilling the bony compartment with fluid restored the stiffness of the fresh femoral head. These results demonstrate the mechanical properties of trabecular bone in canine femoral head specimens in vitro are affected by intraosseous fluid and freezing. Removal of the intraosseous fluid decreases the mechanical stiffness of canine trabecular bone, and freezing the specimens appears to alter the intraosseous fluid compartment behavior. It is necessary to gain a better understanding of the dynamic mechanical properties of intact bone to improve the existing analytical and experimental mechanical bone models. The effect of intraosseous fluid and freezing should be considered in these models.
Treatment of Dysplastic and Congenitally Dislocated Hips With the Zweymueller Total Hip Prosthesis
Authors: Korovessis Panagiotis G , Stamatakis Marios , Baikousis Andreas , Petsinis Georgios
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Uncemented Zweymueller total hip prostheses were implanted in 35 dysplastic or dislocated hips in 33 patients. Sixteen hips were dislocated and 19 hips were dysplastic; in 12 hips, an intertrochanteric or pelvic osteotomy was performed in early childhood. In all cases, the titanium screw socket was implanted at the level of the original cotyloid cavity. Osteotomy of the greater trochanter, shortening osteotomy, or roof acetabuioplasty were not performed. In cases in which the femoral cavity was too narrow for the Zweymueller stem, an anterolateral longitudinal window-shaped osteotomy was performed. In cases of severe dysplasia, cotyloid cavity bone grafts from the resected femoral head were placed medially to reinforce the acetabular bottom. Clinical and radiographic follow-up ranged from 3-8 years. Average Harris hip score improved from 47 points preoperatively to 86.2 points postoperatively. Complications included two primary anterior dislocations, two temporary femoral nerve pareses, and two deep vein thromboses. At longest follow-up evaluation, no revision was indicated in any of the hips. Satisfactory results in this series were attributed to careful patient selection, precise preoperative radiographic planning, and an operative technique that included implantation of the socket at the primary acetabulum and achievement of primary stability using press-fit fixation.
A Simple Technique for Transpatellar Fixation of Quadriceps Tendon Rupture
Authors: Labib Sameh A , Hage William D
Published: April 2021

Transpatellar repair of quadriceps tendon rupture can be simplified using a Beath pin to drill and pass three sutures to be tied over the inferior pole of the patella.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Periarticular Titanium Screws
Authors: Zeigler Todd E , Dirschl Douglas R , Renner Jordan B
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be the most sensitive modality for detecting post-traumatic degeneration of articular cartilage. Magnetic resonance imaging must accurately depict articular cartilage in the presence of periarticular fracture stabilization devices to be effective for postoperative imaging of articular fractures. This study examines how close titanium screws can be inserted to tibial articular surfaces and still allow accurate MRI of the overlying articular cartilage.

Cannulated titanium screws were inserted at varying distances from subchondral bone in the proximal and distal tibiae of embalmed human cadaveric legs, which were then imaged using a standard nonfat-saturated fast low angle shot two-dimensional sequence (FLASH 2D). The distance from the center of the screw to the subchondral bone and the thickness of the articular cartilage directly overlying the screw was then determined by direct measurement and by measurement on the scanned images.

To allow FLASH 2D MRI of the articuiar cartilage, 7.3-mm screws had to be at least 13 mm from the subchondral bone, and 4.5-mm screws had to be at least 12 mm from the subchondral bone. For MRI to be effective for the postoperative imaging of the articular surface following severe articular fractures of the tibia, titanium fracture hardware must be farther away from the articular surface than these minimum distances. Alternate materials for stabilizing articular fractures are available and may allow clearer and more accurate imaging of the articular cartilage when inserted close to the articular surface.

7
Symptomatic Spur Formation of Bilateral Proximal Tibiofibular Joints
Authors: Takai Shinro , Yoshino Nobuyuki , Aso Shinichi , Hirasawa Yasusuke
Published: April 2021

Excessive, repetitive mechanical stress of the proximal tibiofibular articulation during sports activity can lead to degenerative changes and a syndesmotic joint.
The Effect of Local Hematoma Blocks on Early Fracture Healing
Authors: Henry Barry J , Kenison Mike , McVay Catherine , Rolfe Rial , Graham Suzanne , Rasty Jahan , Slauterbeck James , Dabezies Eugene J
Published: April 2021

Abstract

To test the effects of lidocaine and bupivacaine on early fracture healing, the tensile strength of five groups of femora from normal rats 14 and 35 days after production of a closed diaphyseal fracture were compared. Data indicate that, in experimental animals injected with local anesthetics at the fracture site, no measurable difference is noted in callus composition, tensile strength, or histological appearance during the early phases of fracture repair prior to callus remodeling.
Comparison of Surgical Outcome Between Bursal and Articular Partial Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Park Jin-Young , Yoo Moon-Jib , Kim Myung-Ho
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Surgical outcomes after arthroscopic subacromial decompression and debridement in bursal and articular partial thickness rotator cuff tears with a tear depth of <50% were compared. Twenty-four articular and 13 bursal partial thickness rotator cuff tears were evaluated for pain relief and functional recovery. At 6 months postoperatively, the average pain score decreased from 6.2 to 1.7 in patients with articular tears and from 7.1 to 0.9 in patients with bursal tears. Although pain relief and functional recovery were excellent in both groups, the results were better in patients with bursal partial thickness rotator cuff tears at 6 months postoperatively.
Repair of Full-Thickness Cartilage Defects in Rabbit Knees With Free Periosteal Graft Preincubated With Transforming Growth Factor
Authors: Hseh Po-Ching , Thanapipatsiri Surin , Anderson Peggy C , Wang Gwo-Jaw , Balian Gary
Published: April 2021

Abstract

This study compared different concentrations of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β
1
) used for shortterm preincubation in vitro of large periosteal explants to determine the effect of chondrogenesis and the fate of repair cartilage over time. Eighty-two rabbits were divided into four groups: group A, non-grafted; group B, non-incubated grafted; group C, 100 ng/mL recombinant human (rh) TGF-β
1
preincubated grafted; and group D, 20 ng/mL rhTGF-β
1
preincubated grafted. Rabbits from each group were sacrificed at intervals between 2 and 24 weeks. Histologic slides were stained with safranin O and were scored based on a subjective scoring system. Group A healed with non-cartilaginous material. Group B healed with hyaline cartilage-like material with progressive thinning of this regenerated layer; at 24 weeks, this layer was fibrous tissue. Group C enhanced repair with hyaline cartilage-like material but accelerated early degeneration and osteophyte formation; the cartilage became fibrous tissue at 24 weeks. Group D did not enhance cartilaginous repair. At 24 weeks, all groups had the same result. The 100 ng/mL rhTGF-β
1
preincubation in vitro with periosteum enhanced early osteochondral repair but did not show prolonged durability. Clinical application of this growth factor necessitates further study.
The Use of a Periosteal Replacement Membrane for Bone Graft Containment at Allograft-Host Junctions After Tumor Resection and Reconstruction With Bulk Allograft
Authors: Neel Michael
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Bone grafting is frequently used to assist in reconstruction of bone defects following limb salvage procedures in tumor surgery. These defects can be large and require the use of bulk allograft and/or significant amounts of particulate graft material. This article reports a clinic's preliminary results with a bone graft containment material that serves as an artificia! periosteum. This radiographic review evaluates the material's ability to prevent migration of bone graft and ascertain progressive callus formation. Early results have been encouraging.
Perioperative Epidural Blockade in the Management of Post-Traumatic Complex Pain Syndrome of the Lower Extremity
Authors: Ducic Ivica , Maloney Christopher J , Barrett Stephen L , Dellon A Lee
Published: April 2021

Management of complex regional pain syndrome after lower extremity trauma is difficult The use of a continuous epidural blockade enhances the results of lower extremity peripheral nerve surgery. This article presents our experience using this approach for the management of these patients.
Fixation of Periprosthetic Femur Fractures: A Biomechanical Analysis Comparing Cortical Strut Allograft Plates and Conventional Metal Plates
Authors: Peters Christopher L , Bachus Kent N , Davitt James S
Published: April 2021

Abstract

This study compared the stability of periprosthetic femur fractures fixed using cortical allograft struts with a metal plate. Cadaveric specimens were loaded in single-leg stance and stair climbing to 2250 N. Optimum stability in single-leg stance was achieved with two long struts medially and laterally. No clear advantage was noted in using a second strut in stair climbing. Cables rather than wires were useful in single-leg stance, but not in stair climbing. Allograft cortical struts are a biomechanically sound alternative to metal plates fixed with screws and cables for femur fracture fixation below a well-fixed femoral component.
The S-ROM Stem: Versatility of Stem/Sleeve Combinations and Head Options
Authors: Buly Robert
Published: April 2021

abstract

The S-ROM stem (DePuy Orthopaedics Inc., Warsaw, lnd) is a modular cementless hip implant that has a modular proximal sleeve that mates with a fluted stem. Various sleeves, stem lengths, diameters, proximal body types, and heads can be configured into 10,393 combinations, independence of the sleeve and stem version permits correction of excessive anteversion found in types of dysplasia and the retroversion deformities found in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). The fluted distal segment provides stability if a corrective osteotomy is required. The stem is a versatile tool in primary or conversion hip arthroplasty with unusual deformity and in revision THA.
Advantages of Milling Versus Broaching the Proximal Femur
Authors: DeBoer David K
Published: April 2021

abstract

Femoral canal preparation in cementless total hip arthroplasty requires either broaching or milling of the proximal femur to create an osseous envelope for component implantation. The purpose of this article is to discuss the merits of milling the proximal femur for implant placement in primary or revision total hip arthroplasty.
The Management of Version Abnormalities and Angular Deformities in Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Marega Luca
Published: April 2021

abstract

Implantation of a femoral stem in a dysplastic femur poses many problems. Most common abnormalities are excessive anteversion and valgus angle of the femoral neck. This makes it impossible to use conventional stems. Suitable options are distally fixed stems with small metaphysis or proximally modular stems, femurs with previous varus or valgus osteotomies show more severe deformities that sometimes require performing an osteotomy to obtain adequate correction. Again, distally fixed stems or proximally modular stems are suitable, the latter having the advantage that, by loading the femur proximally, they load the osteotomy therefore enhancing the healing.
Training the Scrub Person on S-ROM Technique Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Berland Kimberly , Branson Jill J
Published: April 2021

abstract

The role of the scrub person requires the following abilities: assessing situations immediately, carrying out correct actions, using critical thinking and good judgment, and communicating effectively with all members of the surgical team. The scrub person greatly contributes to the success of total joint replacement surgery. He or she must understand the instrumentation, sizes, trials that are required, and proposed procedural steps to prepare the femur and acetabulum for implantation. A knowledgeable, competent scrub person enhances the flow of surgery arid helps keep the time of the procedure to a minimum.
Arthroscopic Biceps Tenodesis Using the Percutaneous, Intra-articular Trans-tendon Technique: Preliminary Results
Authors: Elkousy Hussein A , Fluhme Derrick J , O'Connor Daniel P , Rodosky Mark W
Published: April 2021

The percutaneous intra-articular trans-tendon procedure relieved pain, increased or maintained strength and function, and did not cause a cosmetic deformity in this small consecutive series of patients.
Avoiding the Potential Pitfalls of Minimally Invasive Total Knee Surgery
Authors: Berend Keith R , Lombardi Adolph V
Published: April 2021

The performance of TKA through less than traditional visualization presents a new set of problem areas.
Master's Thesis Policies in Nursing Education
Authors: May Kathleen M , Holzemer William L
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A telephone survey of 25 schools of nursing with doctoral programs was conducted to inquire about their master's thesis policies. Six programs require a thesis. Sixteen programs provide both thesis and other options, described in the paper. Other policy issues are discussed which include: relation of thesis to faculty research, criteria for serving on a master's thesis committee, and requirements for doctoral admission. Responses to the survey indicate a variety of types and degrees of research experience in master's programs.
A New Look at Nursing School Program Development: Self- and External Evaluation
Authors: Workman Linda L , Allcorn Seth
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Developing and evaluating educational programs in schools of nursing is one of the most critical functions of the faculty. This process can be approached from a variety of perspectives. Historically most faculty efforts have been directed at development or evaluation; however, a more proactive approach is to incorporate a process which will encompass both. To accomplish this, two models, the Holistic Formative Evaluation Model and the Stakes Countenance Model, have been merged to produce a model which is applicable to the integrated development and evaluation of a nursing curriculum. This model, the Internal Program Development and Self-Evaluation Model, provides faculty, curriculum developers, and administrators with a comprehensive process which focuses on the monitoring program internal consistency and congruence.
Nursing and Medical Students' Attitudes Toward the Rights of Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Kurtzman Chana , Block Derryl E , Steiner-Freud Yehuditl
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure the attitudes of Israeli nursing and medical students toward the rights of hospitalized patients in a cross-sectional study of first and fourth year students. Mean attitude scores were high in all student groups showing strong agreement with theoretical rights. Senior nursing students showed significantly higher scores than first-year nursing students. Eighty-eight percent of all students and 100% of senior nursing students considered a blanket consent procedure inadequate for protecting patient's rights. Senior nursing students assigned responsibility for protecting patients' rights to nurses, doctors, hospital administration, and the patient/family with higher frequency than other student groups.
A Study of the Cost-Effectiveness of Providing Psychomotor Practice in Teaching Intravenous Infusion Techniques
Authors: Hegstad Lorrie N , Zsohar Helen
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Does psychomotor practice affect the students ability to perform venipuncture? This was the primary question in a study conducted to compare two versions of an instructional program - a no-practice version and a costly version that involved practice on the simulated arm.

The initial study was composed of 40 (20 each group) Junior nursing students enrolled in a baccalaureate program. The instructional program for both groups included a handout of the task-by- task description of the procedure; a performance check list, a 10-minute color videotape demonstrating the entire process, and a live demonstration on a simulated arm. Each group took a post test which covered the cognitive aspects of the task. The practice group was able to practice on the simulated arm prior to evaluation on a live subject. The cognitive scores for both groups were near 90% and the performance scores above 80%. Since there was no significant difference between the groups the study was repeated with another group of students from the same school. This group differed slightly from the original group in that they had no experience with venipuncture. The second study contained 34 students and the cognitive scores were 91% for both groups and above 80% for the performance scores.

The results indicated that the least costly version was equally effective and presents nursing education with an opportunity to evaluate skills teaching to determine the most effective, efficient and/or economical method to teach skills.
An Historical Review of Positions in Baccalaureate Education in Nursing as Basic Preparation for Professional Nursing Practice 1960-1984
Authors: Blaney Doris R
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

"The call for the baccalaureate degree in nursing as the educational basis for the profession has a lengthy history. Nursing leaders have suggested the need for the baccalaureate for more than a half century" (Education for, 1983, p. 3). The article culls comments concerning baccalaureate education as entry into professional nursing practice from published statements of selected organizations and groups, and places them in a historical perspective from 1960-1984. Materials from the American Nurses' Association (ANA), National League for Nursing (NLN), American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), American Society for Nursing Service Administrators (ASNSA), Institute of Medicine (IOM), and the National Commission on Nursing are included.
Correlates of University Nurse Faculty Publication Productivity
Authors: Ostmoe Patricia M
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to identify factors which may be important in the publication productivity of university nurse faculty. Two central research questions were addressed: 1) What relationship exists between selected professional, educational, and career variables and the publication productivity of university nurse faculty members? 2) What is the typical publication productivity profile of university nurse faculty?

The population consisted of 422 full-time tenure track nurse faculty teaching in seven nursing schools that offered baccalaureate, master's and doctoral programs and were located in public Research Universities I. All data were obtained through the use of a questionnaire. Completed questionnaires were received from 80 percent of the respondents. Faculty not meeting the criteria for the study and all instructors were eliminated from analysis. Data were ultimately analyzed for 261 subjects. Thirty-two variables were found to have a significant relationship to faculty publication productivity. Eleven of these variables (highest degree, years since first master's, age, rank, teaching responsibilities, time spent teaching, time spent in research, hours of clinical instruction, teaching and research preferences, journals received, beliefs about the desirable relationship between publication and promotion and tenure) and five motivational variables were included in a regression analysis. These 16 variables grouped into three clusters, accounted for .4845 percent of the total variation in university nurse faculty publication productivity. Current job socialization factors and motivational factors accounted for a significant amount of variation in faculty publication productivity even when highest degree, years since first master's, age, and rank were controlled.
Using Humor in Evaluating Student Performance
Authors: Moses Nancy W , Friedman Marilyn M
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This article describes an investigation of the effects of deliberate teacher humor as an evaluative strategy on anxiety and performance levels of beginning associate degree nursing students in a stress-producing simulated laboratory setting. While quantitative findings did not show that deliberate teacher humor reduced anxiety, and only partially demonstrated that humor improved performance, qualitative findings indicate that humor influenced both anxiety and performance. The authors suggest that this additional evaluative strategy may enhance the nurse educator's effectiveness in carrying out stress-producing evaluations.
A Longitudinal Study of the Relationships Between Overload, Social Support, and Burnout Among Nursing Educators
Authors: Fong Carolyn M
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The major purpose of this study was to examine the causal relationships between role overload, social support, and burnout among nursing educators over a period of time. Eighty-four nursing educators from eight campuses of a state university system completed a questionnaire twice, within a two-year interval. Data analyses consistently revealed the following: 1) Emotional exhaustion correlated significantly and positively with a demanding job, time pressure, and feelings of job inadequacy; 2) Burnout (i.e., emotional exhaustion, depersonalization of students, and a sense of decreased accomplishment) correlated significantly and negatively with social support from one's chairperson and peers.

Predictor variables from the initial data set were regressed on the burnout data of two years later. The variable-job demands-was the strongest predictor of emotional exhaustion. Chairperson support was the strongest predictor of both depersonalization toward students and a person's sense of accomplishment two years later. The reported chronic exhaustion among educators in this study should be of concern. An awareness of the role of social support and overload as associated with burnout can help educators develop policies to assure peak performance on the job.
Peer Group Interactions and the Student-Perceived Climate for Caring
Authors: Hughes Linda
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Using the descriptive mode of qualitative inquiry, this study was conducted with 10 junior nursing students at five baccalaureate schools of nursing to describe a climate for caring as it is experienced within the context of peer group interactions. The findings from this study indicate that a climate for caring is experienced through peer group behaviors that are perceived as caring, and during peer group interactional episodes that are characterized by giving assistance. Based on the data from these participants, student vulnerability and personal knowledge of peers are suggested as factors that mediate the ability of junior nursing students to experience a climate for caring during peer group interactions.
Factors Confounding the Development of Innovative Roles and Practices
Authors: Attridge Carolyn B
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Nurse educators are critically examining current educational practices and considering new paradigms for curriculum, teaching and learning. At the same time, society's health and nursing needs are changing and the knowledge, skills and values which form the substance of the curriculum must also be reformulated. The result, at every level of nursing education, is the development, in whole or in part, of many new and different programs. Teachers are expected to teach differently; students to learn differently, and graduates to practice differently. This article, using data collected from a 4-year evaluation of an innovative nursing education program in Canada, urges nurse educators to be cautious as they engage in program and curriculum development and revision. Using student narrative data, it focuses on a number of factors which can complicate and confound faculty and curriculum intentions to develop innovative teacher, learner and nurse roles and practices.
Promoting the Cognitive Development of Freshman Nursing Students
Authors: McGovern Marycarol , Valiga Theresa M
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

One of the goals of baccalaureate nursing education is to facilitate students' cognitive development, that is, their ability to employ reason, manage diversity, and engage in contextual decision-making. Despite this goal, however, studies indicate that the majority of nursing students tend to be at the lower levels of development, rather than at more advanced levels. The purpose of the study reported here was to describe the cognitive development of one university's nursing student population at the beginning and end of the freshman year, investigate the effects of planned developmental instruction strategies on cognitive growth, and investigate the relationship among cognitive development, GPA, and SAT scores. While subjects evidenced some cognitive growth, the mean level of cognitive development for all subjects was at the lower end of the scale. Specific instructional strategies are described, statistical and qualitative analyses of groups are reported, and suggestions for further research are proposed.
Epigenesis of the Nurse Practitioner Role Revisited
Authors: Roberts Susan Jo , Tabloski Patricia , Bova Carol
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

In the mid-1970s, an article discussed the identity crises of nurse practitioner (NP) students which occurred during their educational experience. This article noted that NP students progress from dependence to interdependence and demonstrate regression, anxiety and conflict. Twenty years later we have also observed these changes in our own graduate students. This article describes our observations, analyzes them with respect to well-known developmental theory, and offers suggestions for teaching methodologies which enhance successful transitions through the crises.
Changing Conceptions of Measurement Validity
Authors: Goodwin Laura D
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This article presents an historical overview of the changes that have occurred during the past 50 years in the theory and estimation of measurement validity. Current views about the meaning of validity, centering on a unified definition of construct validity, are described. Also given are examples of types of validity evidence appropriate for various kinds of inferences to be drawn from scores on measures; included are inferences about the content of a measure, relationships with other variables, differences between groups, the factor structure of a measure, and consequences of its use. Finally, some of the new ways of thinking about the role of reliability are highlighted.
Story as Text for Undergraduate Curriculum
Authors: Giarratano Gloria P
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A baccalaureate maternity nursing course was transformed from a behaviorist, content-driven curriculum to one of critical dialogue centering upon ethics of care. The inclusion of required readings from a collection of short stories, Birth Stories by Jane Dwinell, RN (1992), served as the primary catalyst in changing faculty and students' curricular experiences. How the class transformed from lecture/discussion format to dialogue is presented around Freire's writings on the dialogic class and Doll's postmodern curriculum perspectives. Student reactions and clinical implications are described. Recommendations for future application of story in the dialogic classroom is explored.
The Effect of a Clinical Practicum on Undergraduate Nursing Students' Self-Efficacy for Community-Based Family Nursing Practice
Authors: Ford-Gilboe Marilyn , Laschinger Heather Spenec , Laforet-Fliesser Yvette , Ward-Griffin Cathy , Foran Sherry
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Providing family nursing care using a collaborative practice model presents a challenge to undergraduate students and to faculty who structure their learning experiences. A pre-test-post-test design was used to assess the impact of a 13-week family nursing clinical practicum on the perceived self-efficacy of two groups of nursing students in three areas: knowledge related to family nursing, home visiting, and collaborative practice. Students completed the Family Nursing Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (FNSE) at the beginning of the academic year and 4 and 8 months later to coincide with the timing of the practicum for each group (fall or winter term). A two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant group X time effect (λ=.80, p<.001). Students' self-efficacy differed significantly by group at time 2 only (t=4.3,p<.001), supporting the positive effects of the clinical practicum on students' self-efficacy. Consistent with Bandura's (1977, 1986) theory, students rated actual performance of family nursing skills in a clinical setting as the most important source of efficacy information. Implications for designing meaningful clinical experiences in family nursing are discussed.
A Model for Clinical Learning Experiences in Integrated Health Care Networks
Authors: Mundt Mary H
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Clinical learning experiences in nursing education are an essential part of the curriculum. In the changing health care environment, there is a need to evaluate the organization of these experiences. In this article, a model for clinical learning experiences in integrated health care networks is presented. A new approach to clinical instruction is proposed in which students move into integrated health care networks for their entire clinical learning experience (vertical pathway), guided by a clinical teaching team of faculty and clinical experts from the network. The focus of student learning is nurse case management and the provision of coordinated care as individuals and families move into and out of organizations within the network. A horizontal auricular pathway establishes opportunities for students to study the dynamics of multiple networks and their relationship to the broader community.
Predicting Student Satisfaction in Baccalaureate Nursing Programs: Testing a Causal Model
Authors: Liegler Rosemary Menke
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to test a causal model for predicting the overall satisfaction of senior students with their baccalaureate nursing programs. The proposed model was primarily a sociological impact model based upon Tinto's (1975) student integration theory for predicting student departure, and Pascarella's (1985) causal model for predicting student outcomes. To test the model, a sample of 195 senior female students from five baccalaureate nursing programs in the southwestern United States was selected for step-wise regression studies and path analysis. Testing the causal model, the students' integration into the academic and social systems of their nursing programs directly explained 42% of the variance for predicting overall satisfaction. The best predictors of overall satisfaction were the students' 1) academic development, 2) satisfaction with facilities and services, 3) satisfaction with the faculty, and 4) social interaction with peers.
Efficacy of an International Exchange Via the Internet
Authors: Kirkpatrick Mary K , Brown Sylvia
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Nursing education is lacking in international and computer experiences needed in the current global health care system. No nursing studies were found that use international exchanges together with computer use as a teaching strategy to help students become more culturally competent as well as more knowledgeable in electronic information communication. Knowles' adult learning theory, Kolb's experiential learning theory, and Campinha-Bacote's cultural competence model undergird this pilot study. The study used a one-group, posttest design to measure the effectiveness of an international exchange via the Internet, designed to enhance global awareness and computer use of 25 nursing students enrolled in a rural university in the southeastern United States. Data were obtained on a 24-item Internet Exchange Evaluation Questionnaire at the end of the course. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. International exchange via the Internet was determined to be an effective strategy for heightening international awareness and increasing Internet use. This pilot study suggests fostering international exchanges and improving computer use can be developed further through more sophisticated approaches. A model of improving global health through shared knowledge and professional collaboration will be pursued further.
A Nontraditional Curriculum for the Preparation of Nurse Educators
Authors: Kyriacos Una , Heever Jean Van Den
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this article is to describe a bold and innovative program for the preparation of nurse educators in a developing country. This program was designed to anticipate the competing demands for radical change in both the health care system and the nursing educational system.

Consideration was given to the need for a curriculum model that was flexible and broad enough to accommodate the educational and professional needs of a very diverse group of students regarding academic ability, culture, and language. The aim of the curriculum was to achieve the desire for meaningful, lifelong learning and personal growth, while maintaining academic excellence within a transformative and democratizing context.
Creating a Collaborative Partnership Between Academia and Service
Authors: Haas Barbara K , Deardorff Kathleen U , Klotz Linda , Baker Bruce , Coleman Jean , DeWitt Anne
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This article discusses how the experience of instituting preceptored clinical experiences throughout an undergraduate baccalaureate nursing curriculum resulted in a partnership between academia and service, The collaboration between academia and service built on the strengths of each institution to reach a common goal. Integration of the preceptor clinical model is unique in that implementation occurs in the second semester of a four-semester curriculum. Advantages and disadvantages to the model for students, preceptors, and faculty are presented. Unanticipated benefits to both institutions and ideas to help other programs and facilities develop a collaborative partnership for the education of baccalaureate nursing students are provided.
Establishing Student Competency in Qualitative Research: Can Undergraduate Nursing Students Perform Qualitative Data Analysis?
Authors: Reising Deanna L
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Many undergraduate nursing programs require some level of research competency of their graduates. However, the competency level may vary depending on program goals and often is focused on quantitative methodologies. The purpose of this research was to determine nursing students' ability to perform qualitative data analysis. Twenty-eight undergraduate students enrolled in a data analysis course in the junior year of their baccalaureate program participated. After selecting the research question, students collected interview data from each other and posted it using a Webbased program. The students and instructor then performed a content analysis. After reviewing the instructor's analysis, which revealed three core themes, students' written analyses were read to determine their congruence with the instructor-generated themes. There was 89% agreement on the first theme, 96% agreement on the second theme, and 61% agreement on the third theme. Because of the high agreement rates between the instructor and student analyses, the author concluded that undergraduate nursing students, when provided with appropriate instruction, are capable of performing qualitative data analysis.
The Byrne Guide for Inclusionary Cultural Content
Authors: Byrne Michelle M , Weddle Carriette , Davis Ernestine , McGinnis Patricia
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This article describes the background for development of The Byrne Guide for lnclusionary Cultural Content, which may help nurse educators evaluate and create instructional materials that include diverse groups. Curricular implications of diversity, as well as six categories of instructional bias are included in the background of information that contributed to the development of this Guide.
A New View of Caring
Authors: Scotto Carrie J
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Nursing literature claims the concept of caring is central to the profession. Although the literature related to the concept of caring is vast, there is no clear description that allows for teaching and evaluating the concept. This article reviews traditional definitions of caring and offers a clarified definition, as well as a framework for teaching and evaluating caring in nursing practice.
Predictors of NCLEX-RN Success in a Baccalaureate Nursing Program as a Foundation for Remediation
Authors: Daley Linda K , Kirkpatrick Bonnie L , Frazier Susan K , Chung Misook L , Moser Debra K
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated students' demographic and nursing program variables and standardized test scores to determine whether significant differences existed between students who successfully completed the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN®) and those who were unsuccessful. In addition, the predictive accuracy of two standardized examinations, the Mosby AssessTest and the Health Education Systems, Incorporated (HESI) Exit Examination were compared.

Two cohorts of graduating senior nursing students were studied (1999 cohort N = 121; 2000 cohort N = 103). Demographic and nursing program variables were obtained from student records. The Undergraduate Studies Committee provided standardized test scores (Mosby AssessTest in 1999; HESI Exit Examination in 2000). Only two program variables were consistently associated with success on the NCLEX-RN - final course grade for a didactic, senior-level medical-surgical nursing course and cumulative program grade point average. Scores on both standardized tests were significantly different in students who were successful on the NCLEX-RN and those who were not. The HESI Exit Examination demonstrated greater sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and test efficiency, compared with the Mosby AssessTest.

Use of program variables and students' standardized test scores may allow faculty to identify students at risk for failing the NCLEX-RN and to provide structured remediation so these students may be successful on the licensing examination and begin their nursing careers.
Cultivating Empowerment in Nursing Today for a Strong Profession Tomorrow
Authors: Campbell Sara L
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The ongoing nursing shortage requires careful consideration by those in nursing education to determine causes of the shortage and best approaches to countering the supply issue predicted to last far into the future. A grounded theory approach was used to conduct a pilot study to explore processes related to empowerment and disempowerment among 16 participants from a baccalaureate nursing program. Participants included nursing school administrators, faculty, and students. Cultivating was the basic core process constructed that appeared to influence empowering and disempowering experiences in nursing education. Findings suggest collaborative efforts between nursing education and clinical practice are necessary.
Traumatized Eye With Retinal Damage From Amniocentesis
Authors: Isenberg Sherwin J , Heckenlively John R
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Amniocentesis has been previously reported to cause damage to the anterior segment of the eye with subsequent loss of vision. We report the first case of amniocentesis in which the needle penetrated the globe and punctured the retina and the first case in which vision was retained. At four months of age the injured eye was found to have a perilimbal conjunctival bleb, a scarred retinal hole, unilateral myopia, and mild amblyopia. At evaluation under anesthesia, a scleral perforation with exposed uvea was repaired.
Extended Wear Contact Lenses in Pediatric Aphakia
Authors: Cutler Shelley I , Nelson Leonard B , Calhoun Joseph H
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A 100% silicone polymer contact lens can be used successfully for extended wear in pediatric aphakia. Compared to a hydrogel extended wear contact lens, the silicone lens has several advantages. These include easier handling, a less traumatic fitting procedure for the child, fluorescein use for evaluation of the lens-cornea relationship and a lower loss rate. Bacterial and preservative contamination are minimized due to the lower water content.

The silicone lens appears to be safe, having no permanent adverse effects on the cornea. It would be more advantageous if the lens could be obtained in higher plus powers; however, the available power (up to +32.00D) is appropriate in almost all cases.
Epikeratophakia in Children With Corneal Lacerations
Authors: Morgan Keith S , Stephenson Gary S
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Epikeratophakia grafts were used to optically correct aphakia in six children who suffered traumatic cataracts and corneal lacerations which were greater than 3 mm in length. The ages of the patients at the time of corneal laceration ranged from nine months to 3 3/12 years. Five of the six grafts were successful. The average increase in corneal curvature was 16.11 diopters with an average overrefraction of -0.73 diopters. The deprivation interval in the five children with successful grafts ranged from two months to two years, and the average visual acuity for the four verbal patients with successful grafts was 20/60. This series demonstrates that epikeratophakia grafts can be successfully applied to scarred and irregular corneas and may be superior to penetrating keratoplasty in some cases, because epikeratophakia allows for a prompt restoration of visual function.
Congenital Glaucoma and Retinal Dysplasia
Authors: Preslan Mark W , Beauchamp George R , Zakov Z Nicholas
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The differential diagnosis of leukocoria (pseudoglioma) in the neonate includes multiple conditions, including malformations with retinal dysplasia as a component. Typically bilateral, retinal dysplasia is characteristically seen in microphthalmic eyes. Certain chromosomal defects have been described.

The case reported herein presented in the first month of life with an enlarged eye, elevated intraocular pressure, prominent iris vasculature, and leukocoria. Family history was positive in one respect: this is the second child of a Viet Nam veteran exposed to Agent Orange. The first child, from a different mother, also had birth defects. Other than his left eye, the child is completely normal. Ultrasonography showed posterior vitreous opacities of indeterminate configuration. CT scan suggested a posterior intraocular mass.

Histologically, the principal features were an anomalous, largely unformed corneoscleral angle, intraocular hemorrhage, and retinal dysplasia. Light microscopic studies were performed. The corneoscleral angle revealed an anteriorly inserted iris with an absence of trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal.

This case is considered unique on the basis of the association of retinal dysplasia with congenital glaucoma and larger-than-normal eye. The significance of reported paternal exposure to Agent Orange in this instance is unknown.
Familial Simple Ectopia Lentis: A Case Study
Authors: Casper D S , Simon J W , Nelson L B , Porter I H , Lichtenstein S B
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Hereditary simple ectopia lentis affected nine patients in three generations of a family. Inheritance appeared to be autosomal dominant. Examination of 12 family members, employing body proportion measurements, chest x-ray, echocardiogram, and urinary cystine or blood methionine levels, revealed no evidence of any systemic disease. In all cases except two, lenses were bilaterally and superiorly dislocated. The degree of dislocation varied considerably among those affected, causing no visual disturbance in some and severely limiting visual acuity in others. Visual deficits were greatest in patients with intermediate degrees of dislocation. To date, the only known complications related to the dislocations have been two cases of bilateral cataracts. The indications for lensectomy in patients with ectopia lentis are reviewed.
Duane's Syndrome Electro-Oculography Pattern
Authors: Prieto-Diaz Julio
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Horizontal ocular saccadic positions were analyzed in 11 Type I and 3 Type II Duane's syndrome. In all 14 patients, a weakness of adduction was found. This finding, and extreme 40° adduction, small corrective saccades were made probably due to co-contraction of the lateral rectus muscle, helping to make the diagnoses. The present paper would indicate that the Duane's syndrome has a pathognomonic eye position and movement tracing.
Traumatic Total Hyphema in a Patient With Severe Hemophilia
Authors: Lifshitz T , Yermiahu T , Biedner B , Yassur Y
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A 12-year-old hemophilic boy suffered from secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to total hyphema following trauma. An emergency operation was performed to evacuate the hyphema under a tight anti-hemophilic treatment. A careful postoperative treatment with factor VIII concentrate, antiglaucomatous drugs and aminocaproic acid was administered.

Intraocular pressure returned to normal and remained so during the four months follow-up period. Visual acuity returned to 6/9 and there was no rebleeding into the anterior chamber.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of traumatic hyphema and of an operation to wash this hyphema in a hemophiliac. The dilemma of management of such a case is discussed.
Think Superior Oblique Palsy
Authors: Metz Henry S
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Superior oblique palsy is thought to be the most frequent cause of acquired vertical diplopia. It is often the result of blunt head trauma but may also be caused by brain tumor, meningitis, diabetes, lesions of the cavernous sinus, and superior orbital fissure as well as arteriosclerosis.

The characteristics frequently include a small vertical strabismus in primary gaze, ipsilateral inferior oblique overaction with an increased hypertropia to the contralateral side, a "V" pattern, excyclotorsion, and a positive Bielschowsky head tilt test to the ipsilateral side. In a typical case, it is not difficult to make the proper diagnosis.

Several patients will be described whose superior oblique palsy was marked by an association with another motility disturbance.