bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trailer allocation and truck routing using bipartite graph assignment and deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Kalantari Saeid , Safarzadeh Ramhormozi Reza , Wang Yunli , Sun Sun , Wang Xin
Published: May 2023

Trailer allocation and truck routing are critical components of truck transportation management. However, in real‐world applications, inter‐influence between selecting the best trailers and trucks, strict fulfillment of Pickup or Delivery (PD) orders, and the size of the fleet are some of the challenges that need to be dealt with in a large truck company. In addition, trailer allocation and truck routing problems are considered to be NP‐hard combinatorial optimization (CO) problems. Therefore, we use deep reinforcement learning (DRL), which has the capability of solving routing problems with a single set of hyperparameters. This is significant progress toward finding strong heuristics for a special case of the trailer allocation to customers and truck routing problem presented in this article. Given a set of trailers, trucks, customers, and orders we propose a novel two‐phase framework based on Bipartite Graph Assignment (BGA) and attention‐based DRL to minimize the total traveling distance traveled from trucks to trailers and then to customers. The BGA heuristic finds the minimum traveling distance from the trailers to the customers based on the edge information and the encoder‐decoder helps DRL to get useful node and graph feature representations and trains the model to find the proper solutions for the trailer allocation and truck routing problem. Our experiments on three different problem sizes showcase the effectiveness of ARTT‐DRL. The results indicate that ARTT‐DRL produces desirable outcomes and has strong generalization capabilities.
Experimental Study of Characteristics of Boundary Layer Flows With Pressure Shielding
Authors: Yuan Chenguang , Xu Duo
Published: May 2023

In this study, boundary layer flows over a flat plate with a canopy of an array of rods are experimentally investigated with particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements. The experiments were carried out in a liquid tunnel, where the refractive index of the transparent liquid is matched with that of transparent rods in the array. The statistics of the velocity data at multiple planes show the change of the flow patterns produced by the rod array. The pressure field was calculated from the velocity data through solving the pressure Poisson equation. The power spectral density of the pressure fluctuations, quantifying the sound pressure level, shows that the rod array causes the attenuation of the pressure fluctuations both below and above the rod array. The characteristic flow patterns altered by the rod array were examined by the dynamic mode decomposition. The uncertainty of the measurements was discussed.
Multi-Objective Optimization of a Bi-Metal High-Temperature Recuperator for Application in Concentrating Solar Power
Authors: Bryan Jacob A. , Meek Aiden S. , Wang Hailei
Published: May 2023

Supercritical CO2 closed Brayton cycles are a major candidate for future power cycle designs in concentrating solar power applications, with high-temperature recuperators playing an essential role in realizing their high thermal efficiency. Printed circuit heat exchangers (PCHEs) are often chosen for this role due to their thermal-hydraulic and mechanical performance at high temperatures and pressures, all while remaining compact. However, PCHEs can be costly because of the high-performance materials demanded in these applications, and the heat exchanger internal geometry is restricted by their manufacturing process. Additively manufactured heat exchangers can address both of these shortcomings. This work proposes a modular bi-metal high-temperature recuperator with integrated headers to be produced with additive manufacturing. Beginning with existing PCHE channel geometries, a 1D heat exchanger model is developed. Then, multi-objective optimization is used to maximize the heat transfer effectiveness of a lab-scale device while limiting its size. Two distinct channel geometries emerge from the optimization. Optimal designs achieve up to 88% effectiveness with negligible pressure drop. Deterioration of effectiveness due to axial conduction of heat in the heat exchanger walls is found to be a notable problem for lab-scale PCHEs, and the optimal designs obtained here minimize its detrimental effects. A sensitivity analysis reveals that the effectiveness of the recuperator is much less sensitive to variation in mass flowrate in off-design operation when axial conduction is significant, while increasing the length of the device easily increases effectiveness.
Computational Analysis, Three-Dimensional Simulation, and Optimization of Superfluid Stirling Cryocooler
Authors: Domenikos George-Rafael , Rogdakis Emmanouil , Koronaki Irene
Published: May 2023

The aim of this work is to analyze a superfluid Stirling cryocooler using superfluid helium as the working medium. The idea behind this kind of cryocooler is to utilize two conjoined Stirling coolers with a phase difference as to achieve heat transfer between them and thus negate the need for a regenerator. The two cycles exchange heat at an exchanger, referred to as a recuperator, placed where the regenerator would be typically. This apparatus is simulated through a 1D model where the full equations of state for the superfluid are being used, opposed to the common simplifications when modeling superfluids. This model provides the expected results for the initial case of 180 deg phase difference between the engines, and then finds the optimal phase difference for the best coefficient of performance. A 3D model is designed in the ansys fluent software, and the superfluid data are used in the computational fluid dynamics calculation. Running different cases, the optimal phase difference for the 3D case was found and compared to the 1D model. Additionally, the cryocooler was simulated to work in different frequencies for finding its optimal speed and deriving the cooling power to frequency plot.
Exergoeconomic Analysis and Tri-Objective Optimization of the Allam Cycle Co-Fired by Biomass and Natural Gas
Authors: Chan Wen , Morosuk Tatiana , Li Xi , Li Huixiong
Published: May 2023

Allam cycle is known as an oxy-fuel gas-powered power cycle. A modified Allam cycle co-fired by biomass and natural gas is proposed in this paper, evaluated, and optimized. Detailed thermodynamic, economic, and exergoeconomic analyses are reported for the co-fired cycle. And parametric analysis and a tri-optimization are carried out to investigate the effects of cycle variables on the system performance. The results show that as the co-firing ratio increases from 20% to 100%, the exergetic efficiency and the levelized cost of electricity vary from 44.3% to 36.8% and 123.2 $/MWh to 164.4 $/MWh, respectively, while the specific negative CO2 emission increases from 44.5 kg/MWh to 251 kg/MWh. The results of tri-objective optimization reveal that the highest exergetic efficiency of 46.85%, lowest levelized cost of electricity of 99.57 $/MWh, and highest specific negative CO2 emission of 323.6 kg/MWh are obtained respectively at different optimal operation conditions.
Turing pattern–based design and fabrication of inflatable shape-morphing structures
Authors: Tanaka Masato , Montgomery S. Macrae , Yue Liang , Wei Yaochi , Song Yuyang , Nomura Tsuyoshi , Qi H. Jerry
Published: May 2023

Turing patterns are self-organizing stripes or spots widely found in biological systems and nature. Although inspiring, their applications are limited. Inflatable shape-morphing structures have attracted substantial research attention. Traditional inflatable structures use isotropic materials with geometrical features to achieve shape morphing. Recently, gradient-based optimization methods have been used to design these structures. These methods assume anisotropic materials whose orientation can vary freely. However, this assumption makes fabrication a considerable challenge by methods such as additive manufacturing, which print isotropic materials. Here, we present a methodology of using Turing patterns to bridge this gap. Specifically, we use Turing patterns to convert a design with distributed anisotropic materials to a distribution with two materials, which can be fabricated by grayscale digital light processing 3D printing. This work suggests that it is possible to apply patterns in biological systems and nature to engineering composites and offers new concepts for future material design.
Reference-Free Plant Disease Detection Using Machine Learning and Long-Read Metagenomic Sequencing
Authors: Johnson Marcela A. , Vinatzer Boris A. , Li Song
Published: May 2023

Climate change may lead to the emergence of novel plant diseases caused by yet unknown pathogens. Surveillance for emerging plant diseases is crucial to reduce their threat to food security.
Evaluation of Archival HIV DNA in Brain and Lymphoid Tissues
Authors: Oliveira Michelli F. , Pankow Alec , Vollbrecht Thomas , Kumar Nikesh M. , Cabalero Gemma , Ignacio Caroline , Zhao Mitchell , Vitomirov Andrej , Gouaux Ben , Nakawawa Masato , Murrell Ben , Ellis Ronald J. , Gianella Sara
Published: May 2023

HIV infection of the brain is associated with adverse neuropsychiatric outcomes, despite efficient antiretroviral treatment. HIV may persist in reservoirs in the brain and other tissues, which can seed virus replication if treatment is interrupted, representing a major challenge to cure HIV.
Comparative Genomic Analyses of Escherichia coli from a Meat Processing Environment in Relation to Their Biofilm Formation and Persistence
Authors: Yang Xianqin , Tran Frances , Zhang Peipei
Published: May 2023

The persistence of potentially hazardous bacteria is a major challenge for meat processing environments, which are conducive for biofilm formation. Marker genes/phenotypes are commonly used to differentiate biofilm forming
E. coli
strains from their nonbiofilm forming counterparts.
Methane in Carbonate Melt Inclusions in the Rock-Forming Minerals of Calc-Silicate Rocks of the Kokchetav Massif
Authors: Mikhno A. O. , Vinogradova Yu. G. , Rashchenko S. V. , Korsakov A. V.
Published: May 2023

Secondary inclusions of the carbonate melt in garnets and clinopyroxenes from ultrahigh-pressure calc-silicate rocks were studied. Secondary carbonate inclusions are located in the healed cracks confined to large (100 µm–3 mm) primary carbonate inclusions in garnet. In some cases, the healed cracks form plates that intersect both garnet and inclusions of potassium-bearing clinopyroxene in garnet. The high content of K2O (0.64 wt %) in the healed cracks in clinopyroxene inclusions suggests that their formation and healing took place during the stage of ultrahigh pressures. Interpretation of the Raman spectra of the secondary inclusions of the carbonate melt in garnet and clinopyroxene confirmed the presence of the following phases: methane, graphite, calcite, dolomite, muscovite, and phlogopite. The data obtained allowed us to recognize the stage of ultrahigh pressure metamorphism in the calc–silicate rocks of the Kokchetav massif, during which methane accumulation in the carbonate melt took place, for the first time.
Experimental Justification of the Influence of S and Ni on Crystallization of Low-Nitrogen Diamonds in a Melt of Fe at High Pressure
Authors: Sonin V. M. , Zhimulev E. I. , Chepurov A. A. , Tomilenko A. A. , Chepurov A. I. , Pokhilenko N. P.
Published: May 2023

Based on analysis of the results of the synthesis and growth of diamonds in metal-sulfide melts at a high pressure, the cause of the crystallization of low-nitrogen diamond crystals is substantiated. The introduction of sulfur into an iron melt leads to a decrease in the solubility of nitrogen, which, in turn, leads to a decrease in the content of nitrogen atoms in the melt and the probability of their capture by growing diamond crystals in the form of a structural impurity. The addition of nickel reduces the melting point of the growth system, increases the amount of melt, and, accordingly, facilitates the dissociation of molecular nitrogen into separate atoms, which are captured as a structural impurity by diamonds during their growth.
Effects of a community-based multicomponent rehabilitation programme for patients with fibromyalgia: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Haugmark Trond , Hagen Kåre Birger , Provan Sella Aarrestad , Bærheim Elisebeth , Zangi Heidi A
Published: May 2023

Introduction

People with fibromyalgia (FM) suffer from symptoms such as widespread pain, non-refreshing sleep, fatigue and reduced quality of life. Effects of pharmacological treatment are questionable and non-pharmacological treatments are recommended as first-line therapy. To date the majority of patients with FM in Norway are not offered any targeted treatment. The aim of this randomised controlled trial is to investigate the effects of a community-based multicomponent rehabilitation programme comprising an acceptance-based and mindfulness-based group intervention, the Vitality Training Programme (VTP), followed by tailored physical activity counselling.

Materials and methods

General practitioners refer potential participants to a rheumatologist in specialist healthcare for diagnostic clarification and assessment of comorbidities. Inclusion criteria are widespread pain/FM ≥3 months, age 20–50 and work participation (minimum part-time) within the last 2 years. The intervention group attends the VTP comprising 10 weekly 4 hour group sessions plus a booster session after 6 months. Thereafter, they receive 12 weeks of individually tailored physical exercise counselled by physiotherapists at community-based Healthy Life Centers. The control group follows treatment as usual. The primary outcome is Patient Global Impression of Change. Secondary outcomes include self-reported pain, fatigue and sleep quality, psychological distress, mindfulness, health-related quality of life, physical activity, work ability and exercise beliefs and habits. To achieve a power of 80% and allow for 10% dropout, 70 participants are needed in each arm. All analyses will be conducted on intention-to-treat bases and measured as differences between groups at 12 months follow-up.

Ethics and dissemination

The study is approved and granted by the Norwegian South-Eastern Regional Health Authority (reference 2016015). Ethics approval was obtained from Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics (reference 2015/2447/REK sør-øst A). Results will be submitted to appropriate journals and presented in relevant conferences and social media.

Trial registration

NCT96836577.
Ultrasonography versus palpation for spinal anesthesia in obese parturients undergoing cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tawfik Mohamed Mohamed , Tolba Mohamed Ahmed , Ismail Olfat Mostafa , Messeha Medhat Mikhail
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Ultrasonography may facilitate neuraxial blocks in obstetrics. This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare preprocedural ultrasonography with landmark palpation for spinal anesthesia in obese parturients undergoing cesarean delivery.

Methods

280 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status II–III parturients with body mass index ≥35 kg/m2, full-term singleton pregnancy, undergoing elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia, were randomly assigned to two equal groups (ultrasonography and palpation); preprocedural systematic ultrasound approach and conventional landmark palpation were performed, respectively. Patients and outcome assessors were blinded to the study group. All ultrasound and spinal anesthetic procedures were performed by a single experienced anesthesiologist. The primary outcome was the number of needle passes required to obtain free cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow. Secondary outcomes were the number of skin punctures required to obtain free CSF flow, success rate at the first needle pass, success rate at the first skin puncture, duration of the spinal procedure, patient satisfaction and incidence of vascular puncture, paresthesia, failure to obtain CSF flow and failed spinal block.

Results

There were no significant differences in primary or secondary outcomes between the two groups. The median (IQR) of the number of needle passes required to obtain free CSF flow was 3 (1–7) in ultrasonography group and 3 (1–7) in palpation group; p=0.62.

Conclusions

Preprocedural ultrasonography did not decrease the number of needle passes required to obtain free CSF flow or improve other outcomes compared with landmark palpation during spinal anesthesia performed by a single experienced anesthesiologist in obese parturients undergoing cesarean delivery.

Trial registration number

NCT03792191;https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03792191
Electroluminescence in rare-earth doped n-InSe crystal promising for optoelectronics
Authors: Babayeva R. F. , Naghiyev T. G.
Published: May 2023

n-InSe single crystals were grown by the Bridgman method. Electroluminescence in undoped and rare-earth-doped (Dy and Er) crystals has been experimentally studied. It has been established that in both groups of crystals, electroluminescence is observed at [Formula: see text] 160–165[Formula: see text]K in the wavelength range [Formula: see text]–1.150[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m, regardless of the values of initial dark resistivity ([Formula: see text]) and concentration (N). The volt-brightness characteristics and the dependence of brightness on the current strength have been investigated. It was found that the brightness also depends on the values of initial dark resistivity and concentration of the impurities. The highest luminescence brightness and the most stable and reproducible characteristics of electroluminescence are observed in doped crystals. The features of electroluminescence in undoped and rare-earth-doped crystals obey the criteria of theoretical concepts developed for spatially homogeneous crystalline semiconductors. All experiments were comparatively performed for both undoped and rare-earth-doped crystals.
Affective Corners as a Problematic for Design Interactions
Authors: Harrison Katherine , Johnson Ericka
Published: May 2023

Domestic robots are already commonplace in many homes, while humanoid companion robots like Pepper are increasingly becoming part of different kinds of care work. Drawing on fieldwork at a robotics lab, as well as our personal encounters with domestic robots, we use here the metaphor of “hard-to-reach corners” to explore the socio-technical limitations of companion robots and our differing abilities to respond to these limitations. This article presents “hard-to-reach-corners” as a problematic for design interaction, offering them as an opportunity for thinking about context and intersectional aspects of adaptation.
Transformation-Interaction-Rational Representation for Symbolic Regression: A Detailed Analysis of SRBench Results
Authors: De França Fabrício Olivetti
Published: May 2023

Symbolic Regression searches for a parametric model with the optimal value of the parameters that best fits a set of samples to a measured target. The desired solution has a balance between accuracy and interpretability. Commonly, there is no constraint in the way the functions are composed in the expression or where the numerical parameters are placed, which can potentially lead to expressions that require a nonlinear optimization to find the optimal parameters. The representation called Interaction-Transformation alleviates this problem by describing expressions as a linear regression of the composition of functions applied to the interaction of the variables. One advantage is that any model that follows this representation is linear in its parameters, allowing an efficient computation. More recently, this representation was extended by applying a univariate function to the rational function of two Interaction-Transformation expressions, called
Transformation-Interaction-Rational
(
TIR
). The use of this representation was shown to be competitive with the current literature of Symbolic Regression. In this article, we make a detailed analysis of these results using the SRBench benchmark. For this purpose, we split the datasets into different categories to understand the algorithm behavior in different settings. We also test the use of nonlinear optimization to adjust the numerical parameters instead of Ordinary Least Squares. We find through the experiments that TIR has some difficulties handling high-dimensional and noisy datasets, especially when most of the variables are composed of random noise. These results point to new directions for improving the evolutionary search of TIR expressions.
Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Active Delafossite CuAlO2/Al2O3 Microspheres towards Detection of Furaltadone Antibiotic Drug in Real Samples
Authors: Chen Yen Shuo , You Yu-Feng , Vasu Dhanapal , Karthikeyan Arjunan , Chiu Te-Wei , Vittayakorn Naratip
Published: May 2023

In this study, CuAlO2/Al2O3 (CAOCM) micro-sphere was prepared by sol-gel techniques, which was further annealed under N2-atmosphere. The microsphere composite materials physio-chemical properties were studied using various analytical techniques. The surface morphology of prepared materials was observed from the FESEM with spherical structure. The surface area and the surface morphology were explored from BET analysis techniques. In this research, we studied a CAOCM microspheres decorated screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) utilized to detect the furaltadone (FLT). The electrochemical active surface area has been determined using the ferric cyanide system and Randles-Sevick equations. The CuAlO2/Al2O3 microspheres electrochemical ability was analyzed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) towards the detection of FLT. These CAOCM microspheres decorated electrodes exhibited excellent electrocatalytic ability with a limit of detection (LOD) and sensitivity is 20 nM and 12.7845 μA μM−1 cm−2, respectively. Moreover, the CAOCM microspheres/SPCE electrodes exhibit excellent stability, repeatability, reproducibility, and higher sensitivity. The decorated sensor electrode real-time applications were successfully studied to analyze FLT in the river and pond water with excellent recovery results of 97.4 and 98.4%.
Effect of Major Factors on Lithium Dendrite Growth Studied by Phase Field Modeling
Authors: Zhang Chi , Wang Du , Lei Cheng , Zhao Yan
Published: May 2023

It is essential to investigate lithium dendrite growth for the commercial application of lithium metal batteries. Here, phase field modeling of lithium dendrite growth is performed by taking into consideration of the effects of anisotropy strength, applied voltage, nucleation spacing, and stripping first or not. Compared with constant-voltage charging mode, the lithium dendrite growth is slower and the formed lithium dendrites are shorter and narrower shapes under the pulse-voltage charging mode. These results provide an instructive insight to restrain the undesired growth of lithium dendrites.
Exploring the Role of Primary Fibroblast Cells in Comparative Physiology: A Historical and Contemporary Overview
Authors: Jimenez Ana Gabriela , Harper James M.
Published: May 2023

With the advent of tissue culture, and eventually the in vitro growth and maintenance of individual cell types, it became possible to ask mechanistic questions about whole-organism physiology that are impractical to address within a captive setting or within the whole organism. The earliest studies focused on understanding the wound healing response while refining cell grow and maintenance protocols from various species. In addition to its extensive use in biomedical research, this approach has been co-opted by comparative physiologists interested in reductionist/mechanistic questions related to how cellular physiology can help explain whole organism function. Here, we provide a historical perspective on the emergence of primary cell culture with an emphasis on fibroblasts followed by an overview of applying this method to ask questions about the role of life-history evolution in shaping organismal physiology at the cellular level, as well as the effect of exogenous factors (i.e., temperature, and oxygen availability) on cellular function. Finally, we propose future uses for primary fibroblasts to address questions in conservation biology and comparative physiology.
Sodium bicarbonate reduces ventilation without altering core temperature threshold or sensitivity of hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation in exercising humans
Authors: Katagiri Akira , Fujii Naoto , Dobashi Kohei , Lai Yin-Feng , Tsuji Bun , Nishiyasu Takeshi
Published: May 2023

Hyperthermia stimulates ventilation (hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation). In exercising humans, once the core temperature reaches ~37°C, minute ventilation (VE) increases linearly with rising core temperature, and the slope of the relation between VE and core temperature reflects the sensitivity of the response. We previously reported that sodium bicarbonate ingestion reduces VE during prolonged exercise in the heat without affecting the sensitivity of hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation. Here, we hypothesized that reductions in VE associated with sodium bicarbonate ingestion reflect elevation of the core temperature threshold for hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation. Thirteen healthy young males ingested sodium bicarbonate (0.3 g/kg body weight) (NaHCO3 trial) or sodium chloride (0.208 g/kg body weight) (NaCl trial), after which they performed a cycle exercise at 50% of peak oxygen uptake in the heat (35°C and 50% relative humidity) following a pre-cooling. The pre-cooling enabled detection of an esophageal temperature ( Tes: an index of core temperature) threshold for hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation. The Tes thresholds for increases in VE were similar between the two trials (P = 0.514). The slopes relating VE to Tes also did not differ between trials (P = 0.131). However, VE was lower in the NaHCO3 than the NaCl trial in the range of Tes = 36.8-38.4°C (P < 0.007, main effect of trial). These results suggest that sodium bicarbonate ingestion does not alter the core temperature threshold or sensitivity of hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation during prolonged exercise in the heat; instead, it downshifts the exercise hyperpnea.
A Productivity Prediction Model for Multistage Fractured Horizontal Wells in Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Xue Yongchao , Tian Hua , Zhang Fengyuan , Wang Longjun , Jin Qingshuang
Published: May 2023

The tiny sizes of pores and throats in shale gas reservoir increase the complexities of the flow mechanisms, which challenge the accuracy of current productivity models during optimization design and prediction for multistage fractured horizontal wells (MFHWs). This paper established a productivity prediction model for MFHWs with cased hole completion and open hole completion. The model couples the gas flow in the matrix, fractures, and wellbore using potential superposition principle and considers multiple mechanisms of gas flows in a shale gas reservoir, such as stress-sensitive effect, wellbore friction, as well as interference between fractures. Based on the developed model, a productivity prediction method for MFHWs in shale gas reservoirs has been established, and sensitivity of the impact factors on productivity was analyzed. The analysis revealed that MFHWs are suitable for shale gas reservoirs with certain thickness. The number of fractures has significant impact on the production of shale gas reservoir. And the fractures at the both sides have higher production rate than the intermediate ones for multistage fractured horizontal wells. The fracture half-length has insignificant effect on the productivity of MFHWs. The production of shale gas reservoir also increases with pressure drop. The wellbore friction has insignificant effect on the production of MFHWs. The findings of this study can provide a basis for scientific evaluation of the production of MFHWs in shale gas reservoirs.
Oral Changes in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Multicentric Study
Authors: Hussein Radwa R. , Ahmed Enji , Abou-Bakr Asmaa , El-Gawish Ayman A. , Ras Abou-Bakr E. , Ghalwash Dalia M.
Published: May 2023

Background. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread over the globe, and several oral symptoms have been documented. However, it is unclear whether these lesions are the result of coronavirus infection or are secondary symptoms of the patient’s systemic illness. The aim of this study was to collect data from various hospitals on COVID-19 patients with oral involvement in order to highlight different oral changes that may be manifested in those patients. Methods. This observational cross-sectional multicenter study used an online questionnaire covering oral signs and symptoms that were believed to be related to COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in different hospitals in Egypt. Results. 94.3% of the 210 patients who participated in the current study developed oral symptoms. Altered taste sensation (56.2%), burning sensation (43.3%), and oral candidiasis (40%) were the most prevalent oral symptoms (34.4%) that were found in the studied sample. Conclusions. COVID-19 has a major influence on the oral cavity, with numerous oral symptoms that may impair quality of life. Thus, considering the need for support, pain control, and management for a better prognosis, the clinical dental evaluation of hospitalized patients with infectious diseases like COVID-19 should be addressed.
Biodegradable Polymeric Pharmaceutical Nanoemulgel Coloaded with Eucalyptol‐Lornoxicam: Fabrication and Characterizations for Possible Better Pain Management
Authors: Shafiq Muhammad , Khan Barkat Ali , Rashid Sheikh Abdur , Khan Muhammad Khalid , Naseem Faiza , Alqahtani Ali M. , Alqahatni Saad S. , Alqahtani Taha , Alamri Ali
Published: May 2023

Nanoemulgels are considered as potential and ideal drug delivery systems for the transdermal administration of poorly soluble drugs like lornoxicam. Their intrinsic characteristics, such as small globule size as well as excipient type, make transdermal passage of the drug easier. The current study was aimed at developing nanoemulgel based formulation of lornoxicam coloaded with eucalyptol to enhance drug skin permeation and bioavailability in order to promote therapeutic outcome in appropriate time. High shear homogenization technique was utilized to develop optimized lornoxicam encapsulated nanoemulsion followed by its conversion into nanoemulgel formulation by the addition of 1% Carbopol 940 as gelling agent. Different characterization tests were performed on optimized formulation such as surface charge, particle size and size distribution, viscosity, spreadability, pH, drug content determination, drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, and drug permeation analysis. The optimized formulation had globule size of 143.7 ± 2.18 nm. The results of drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, and skin penetration experiments were found satisfactory. Based on the formulation type, permeability parameters such as permeability constant (Kp), enhancement ratio (Er), and steady state flux (Jss) revealed greater values and satisfactory outcomes. When compared to other formulations (LRX nanoemulgel and EU nanoemulgel), the LRX‐EU nanoemulgel formulation produced improved skin permeation profile (flux, 189.63 ± 7.68 μg/cm2/h; permeability coefficient, 2.09 ± 0.067 cm/h; and ER, 4.274). This work clearly proved that lornoxicam coloaded with eucalyptol nanoemulgel formulations could be developed to generate stable drug delivery systems. Thus, LRX‐EU NEG formulation seems promising in terms of physicochemical properties, enhanced bioavailability, and high skin penetration profile as compared to LRX NEG formulation.
Numerical Simulation of Palm Biodiesel Droplet Evaporation at Various Temperatures and Pressures
Authors: Amsal Mohamed , Tran Manh-Vu , Hung Yew Mun , Scribano Gianfranco , Chong Cheng Tung
Published: May 2023

This study uses numerical simulations to determine the evaporation characteristics of palm biodiesel droplets under normal gravity at temperatures ranging from 473 to 873 K and pressures ranging from 0.2 to 5 bar. A transient, two-phase, axisymmetric volume of fluid (VOF) model is employed to model transport processes across phases. The palm methyl ester is modelled as a single-component fuel with temperature- and pressure-dependent thermophysical properties. The study compares the obtained evaporation rates with those available in the literature and presents the effects of external parameters in experimental setups. Additionally, the study investigates the effects of changing the oxygen/nitrogen composition of the environment at elevated temperatures. The results show that elevated temperatures enhance the evaporation rate at all pressures and oxygen contents due to significantly enhanced thermal conductivity and droplet surface temperatures, while elevated pressures decrease the evaporation rates. Across the pressure range, evaporation rates decrease by 219%, 213%, and 196% for temperatures of 473, 673, and 873 K, respectively. Furthermore, increasing oxygen concentration in the environment can also increase the evaporation rate; however, the effect is less noticeable with a 6.4% increase at 473 K and more significant with a 27.8% increase at 873 K across the selected oxygen composition range.
Synthesising the Existing Literature on the Market Acceptance of Autonomous Vehicles and the External Underlying Factors
Authors: Rezaei Amin , Cao Mengqiu , Liu Qihao , De Vos Jonas
Published: May 2023

In recent years, the level of acceptance of autonomous vehicles (AVs) has changed with the advent of new sensor technologies and the proportional increase in market perception of these vehicles. Our study provides an overview of the relevant existing studies in order to consolidate current knowledge and pave the way for future studies in this area. The paper first reviews studies investigating the market acceptance of AVs. We identify the nonbehavioural factors that account for the level of acceptance and examine these in detail by cross-referencing the results of relevant papers published between 2014 and 2021 to reach a consensus on the perceived benefits and concerns. The findings showed that previous studies have found legal liability, safety, privacy, security, traffic conditions, and cost to be key external factors influencing the acceptance or rejection of AVs, and that the upsides of adopting AVs in regard to improving traffic conditions and safety outweigh the risks identified in relation to these areas. This resulted in an overall weighted average of 65% market acceptance of AVs among the 11,057 people surveyed in this regard. However, the remaining respondents were not very favourably disposed towards adopting AVs because of unresolved issues related to data privacy, security breaches, and legal liability in the event of accidents. In addition, our evaluation showed that the worldwide market purchasing power for an AV, based on 2022 prices, is around $38k, which is significantly below the current anticipated price of $100k.
Research on the Pore Evolution of Oil Shale under Different Thermal Treatment Temperatures Using NMR and FE-SEM Methods
Authors: Xi Yan , Li Jun , Lian Wei , Fu Haifeng , Qi Yue , Tian Yudong
Published: May 2023

Underground in situ pyrolysis for oil shale extraction is currently significant; the evolutions in microstructure, porosity, and permeability parameters are essential factors in evaluating the productivity of oil shale after pyrolysis. With the underground oil shale reservoir core, obtained from Jimsar Sag in the Junggar Basin in China, as the research object, the samples were subjected to the treatment at different high temperatures (400°C, 500°C, 600°C, and 700°C). The NMR and FE-SEM experiments on oil shale samples were conducted; the

T

2

relaxation spectra, pore size distribution, and porosity and permeability variation were analyzed; and the relationships between movable fluid saturation and porosity and permeability were established, respectively. The results showed that when the thermal treatment temperature increased, the porosity and permeability of oil shale rose continuously but showed different laws. With the temperature being lower than 400°C, the porosity increased slowly, and the growth rate of porosity increased rapidly when the thermal treatment temperature was higher than 500°C. In the pyrolysis temperature range of 25°C~400°C, the growth rate of permeability was relatively slow. With the continuously enhancing temperature (500°C~600°C), the growth rate of permeability accelerated rapidly. When the temperature continued to rise (700°C), the increase of permeability began to slow down. There is a nonlinear correlation between porosity and movable fluid saturation and an approximately linear correlation between permeability and movable fluid saturation. The findings showed that 600°C was the suitable temperature for the pyrolysis of oil shale.
Molecular Detection and Genetic Characterization of Bovine Kobuvirus (BKV) in Diarrhoeic Calves in a Central Italy Herd
Authors: Righi Cecilia , Curini Valentina , Torresi Claudia , Cammà Cesare , Pirani Silvia , Di Lollo Valeria , Gobbi Paola , Giammarioli Monica , Viola Giulio , Pela Michela , Feliziani Francesco , Petrini Stefano
Published: May 2023

Bovine kobuvirus (BKV) is an infectious agent associated with neonatal calf diarrhoea (NCD), causing important economic losses to dairy and beef cattle herds worldwide. Here, we present the detection rate and characterize the genome of BKV isolated from diarrhoeic calves from a Central Italy herd. From January to December 2021, we collected blood samples and nasal and rectal swabs from 66 calves with severe NCD between 3 and 20 days of age. After virological (bovine coronavirus, bovine viral diarrhoea virus, and bovine rotavirus), bacteriological (Escherichia coli spp. and Salmonella spp.), and parasitological (Cryptosporidium spp., Eimeria spp., and Giardia duodenalis) investigations, we detected BKV using the metagenomic analysis. This result was confirmed using a specific polymerase chain reaction assay that revealed the number of BKV-positive nasal (24.2%) and rectal swabs (31.8%). The prevalence of BKV was higher than that of BCoV. Coinfection with BKV and BCoV was detected in 7.5% of the rectal swabs, highlighting the involvement of another infectious agent in NCD. Using next generation sequencing (NGS) approach, it was possible to obtain the complete sequence of the BKV genome from other two rectal swabs previously analysed by real-time PCR. This is the first report describing the whole genome sequence (WGS) of BKV from Italy. The Italian BKV genomes showed the highest nucleotide sequence identity with BKV KY407744.1, identified in Egypt in 2014. The sequence encoding VP1 best matched that of BKV KY024562, identified in Scotland in 2013. Considering the small number of BKV WGSs available in public databases, further studies are urgently required to assess the whole genome constellation of circulating BKV strains. Furthermore, pathogenicity studies should be conducted by inoculating calves with either only BKV or a combination with other enteric pathogens for understanding the probable role of BKV in NCD.
Data from NAT10 Drives Cisplatin Chemoresistance by Enhancing ac4C-Associated DNA Repair in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Xie Ruihui , Cheng Liang , Huang Ming , Huang Lin , Chen Ziyue , Zhang Qiang , Li Hong , Lu Junlin , Wang Hongjin , Zhou Qianghua , Huang Jian , Chen Xu , Lin Tianxin
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Epitranscriptomic RNA modifications constitute a critical gene regulatory component that can affect cancer progression. Among these, the RNA N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) modification, which is mediated by the ac4C writer N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10), regulates the stabilization of mRNA. Here, we identified that the ac4C modification is induced upon cisplatin treatment and correlates with chemoresistance in bladder cancer. Both in vitro and in vivo, NAT10 promoted cisplatin chemoresistance in bladder cancer cells by enhancing DNA damage repair (DDR). Mechanistically, NAT10 bound and stabilized AHNAK mRNA by protecting it from exonucleases, and AHNAK-mediated DDR was required for NAT10-induced cisplatin resistance. Clinically, NAT10 overexpression was associated with chemoresistance, recurrence, and worse clinical outcome in patients with bladder cancer. Cisplatin-induced NFκB signaling activation was required for the upregulation of NAT10 expression, and NFκB p65 directly bound to the NAT10 promoter to activate transcription. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of NAT10 with Remodelin sensitized bladder cancer organoids and mouse xenografts to cisplatin. Overall, the present study uncovered a mechanism of NAT10-mediated mRNA stabilization in bladder cancer, laying the foundation for NAT10 as a therapeutic target to overcome cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer.
Significance:
The mRNA ac4C writer NAT10 stimulates DNA damage repair to promote cisplatin chemoresistance in bladder cancer, identifying NAT10 inhibition as a potential therapeutic approach to enhance cisplatin sensitivity.
Data from LSD1 Inhibition Disrupts Super-Enhancer–Driven Oncogenic Transcriptional Programs in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Li Muqing , Liu Mingyu , Han Wanting , Wang Zifeng , Han Dong , Patalano Susan , Macoska Jill A. , Balk Steven P. , He Housheng Hansen , Corey Eva , Gao Shuai , Cai Changmeng
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The lysine demethylase LSD1 (also called KDM1A) plays important roles in promoting multiple malignancies including both hematologic cancers and solid tumors. LSD1 targets histone and nonhistone proteins and can function as a transcriptional corepressor or coactivator. LSD1 has been reported to act as a coactivator of androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer and to regulate the AR cistrome via demethylation of its pioneer factor FOXA1. A deeper understanding of the key oncogenic programs targeted by LSD1 could help stratify prostate cancer patients for treatment with LSD1 inhibitors, which are currently under clinical investigation. In this study, we performed transcriptomic profiling in an array of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) xenograft models that are sensitive to LSD1 inhibitor treatment. Impaired tumor growth by LSD1 inhibition was attributed to significantly decreased MYC signaling, and MYC was found to be a consistent target of LSD1. Moreover, LSD1 formed a network with BRD4 and FOXA1 and was enriched at super-enhancer regions exhibiting liquid–liquid phase separation. Combining LSD1 inhibitors with BET inhibitors exhibited strong synergy in disrupting the activities of multiple drivers in CRPC, thereby inducing significant growth repression of tumors. Importantly, the combination treatment showed superior effects than either inhibitor alone in disrupting a subset of newly identified CRPC-specific super-enhancers. These results provide mechanistic and therapeutic insights for cotargeting two key epigenetic factors and could be rapidly translated in the clinic for CRPC patients.
Significance:
LSD1 drives prostate cancer progression by activating super-enhancer–mediated oncogenic programs, which can be targeted with the combination of LSD1 and BRD4 inhibitors to suppress the growth of CRPC.
Data from Hypoxia Potentiates the Inflammatory Fibroblast Phenotype Promoted by Pancreatic Cancer Cell–Derived Cytokines
Authors: Schwörer Simon , Cimino Francesco V. , Ros Manon , Tsanov Kaloyan M. , Ng Charles , Lowe Scott W. , Carmona-Fontaine Carlos , Thompson Craig B.
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are a major cell type in the stroma of solid tumors and can exert both tumor-promoting and tumor-restraining functions. CAF heterogeneity is frequently observed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a tumor characterized by a dense and hypoxic stroma that features myofibroblastic CAFs (myCAF) and inflammatory CAFs (iCAF) that are thought to have opposing roles in tumor progression. While CAF heterogeneity can be driven in part by tumor cell–produced cytokines, other determinants shaping CAF identity and function are largely unknown. In vivo, we found that iCAFs displayed a hypoxic gene expression and biochemical profile and were enriched in hypoxic regions of PDAC tumors, while myCAFs were excluded from these regions. Hypoxia led fibroblasts to acquire an inflammatory gene expression signature and synergized with cancer cell–derived cytokines to promote an iCAF phenotype in a HIF1α-dependent fashion. Furthermore, HIF1α stabilization was sufficient to induce an iCAF phenotype in stromal cells introduced into PDAC organoid cocultures and to promote PDAC tumor growth. These findings indicate hypoxia-induced HIF1α as a regulator of CAF heterogeneity and promoter of tumor progression in PDAC.
Significance:
Hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer potentiates the cytokine-induced inflammatory CAF phenotype and promotes tumor growth.

See related commentary by Fuentes and Taniguchi, p. 1560
Supplementary Data 2 from Uncoupling CD4+ TIL-Mediated Tumor Killing from JAK-Signaling in Melanoma
Authors: Draghi Arianna , Presti Mario , Jensen Agnete W.P. , Chamberlain Christopher A. , Albieri Benedetta , Rasmussen Anne-Christine K. , Andersen Mads H. , Crowther Michael D. , Svane Inge Marie , Donia Marco
Published: May 2023

CD4+ TIL-mediated killing is dependent on MHC Class II expression (TCL#17)
Figure S7 from Treatment of Prostate Cancer with CD46-targeted 225Ac Alpha Particle Radioimmunotherapy
Authors: Bidkar Anil P. , Wang Sinan , Bobba Kondapa Naidu , Chan Emily , Bidlingmaier Scott , Egusa Emily A. , Peter Robin , Ali Umama , Meher Niranjan , Wadhwa Anju , Dhrona Suchi , Dasari Chandrashekhar , Beckford-Vera Denis , Su Yang , Tang Ryan , Zhang Li , He Jiang , Wilson David M. , Aggarwal Rahul , VanBrocklin Henry F. , Seo Youngho , Chou Jonathan , Liu Bin , Flavell Robert R.
Published: May 2023

Figure S7: Analysis of CD46 expression in correlation with of the [225Ac]DOTA-YS5 uptake and DNA damage. Digital autographs, H &E staining, and immunofluorescence (Rabbit Isotype control+DAPI, CD46 & phospho-γ-H2Ax) of the tumor tissues injected with [225Ac]DOTA-YS5 for day 1, day 2, day 4, and day 7.
Figure S2 from Treatment of Prostate Cancer with CD46-targeted 225Ac Alpha Particle Radioimmunotherapy
Authors: Bidkar Anil P. , Wang Sinan , Bobba Kondapa Naidu , Chan Emily , Bidlingmaier Scott , Egusa Emily A. , Peter Robin , Ali Umama , Meher Niranjan , Wadhwa Anju , Dhrona Suchi , Dasari Chandrashekhar , Beckford-Vera Denis , Su Yang , Tang Ryan , Zhang Li , He Jiang , Wilson David M. , Aggarwal Rahul , VanBrocklin Henry F. , Seo Youngho , Chou Jonathan , Liu Bin , Flavell Robert R.
Published: May 2023

Figure S2: A, MALDI-TOF Mass spectroscopy results show 8.7 equivalents of DOTA molecules on the YS5 antibody. The number of DOTA were calculated by dividing the difference of m/z between YS5 and DOTA-YS5 by the molecular weight of DOTA. B, Size-exclusion chromatogram shows no aggregation of the [225Ac]DOTA-YS5 after the radiolabeling steps. C, Stability of the [225Ac]DOTA-YS5 tested in saline and human serum for 14 days. D, Comparison of the binding assay results after attaining secular equilibrium vs without secular equilibrium. No significant difference was observed for these two assays (n=4). (Data represented as Mean ± SD).