bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protein intake by master swimmers: Implications for practice in Sports Nutrition—A cross-sectional study
Authors: Santos de Souza Michelle , Zaleski Trindade Cássia Daniele , Castro Flávio Antônio de Souza , Buss Caroline , Schneider Cláudia Dornelles
Published: August 2024

Background: Proteins are essential for the maintenance, repair, and growth of muscle mass. This is particularly important for master athletes because aging has been associated with loss of muscle mass, function, and strength. Moreover, the timing of intake has been shown important for the best protein utilization. Aim: To analyze timing, quantity, and source of dietary protein in competitive master athletes according to current recommendations. Methods: Twenty-one male master swimmers (47.9 ± 10.0 years; 79.2 ± 6.5 kg; 179.1 ± 5.5 cm; 23.5 ± 4.9% body fat; 73.3 ± 4.2% lean mass) participated in this cross-sectional study. Protein intake was analyzed based on 7-day food records, regarding quantity, timing, and sources of intake. Protein intake was evaluated according to current international sports nutrition guidelines, including the International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand. Body fat (%) and lean mass (%) were evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: Participants' mean protein intakes were 1.9 ± 0.5 g/kg/day, 0.6 ± 0.2 g/kg/meal post-training, and 33.5 ± 23.9 g during the pre-sleep period. Daily intake was within the recommended values of 1.4 and 2.0 g/kg/day ( p = 0.01 and 0.147, respectively). Mean pre-sleep intake was within the recommendation values of 30–40 g ( p = 0.28 and 0.147, respectively). Most of the daily protein intake was consumed at lunch (66.7 ± 6.9 g) and dinner (48.0 ± 4.5 g). Regarding protein sources, intakes from animal, vegetal, and supplements were, respectively, 65.7%, 29.2%, and 5.1%. Conclusion: Master swimmers presented a total protein intake within the recommendations for a daily basis, but the majority of intake was at lunch and dinner. Protein intake could be better distributed throughout the day to optimize protein synthesis. Guidance on daily protein intake distribution should be reinforced in clinical practice.
Thermophysical & photothermal characteristics of surfactant free graphene oxide, functionalized graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide nanofluids
Authors: Sharma Gourav , Khullar Vikrant , Soni Sanjeev
Published: August 2024

Graphene nanostructures-based dispersions, owing to their improved thermophysical and optical characteristics are being actively explored for use in thermal energy conversion and management. Here, thermophysical and photothermal characteristics of graphene oxide (GO), functionalized graphene oxide (f-GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) based nanofluids (without surfactants) of various concentrations (0.05–0.23 wt.%) are evaluated. The structural, morphology and stability of the nanofluids are determined by XRD analysis, Transmission electron microscopy, UV- visible spectroscopy and zeta potential analysis. Subsequently, thermal conductivity and contact angle measurements are performed. Photothermal behaviour is investigated experimentally. Overall, it is found that among the prepared nanofluids, the f-GO nanofluids performed better compared to GO and rGO nanofluids. Maximum stability of f-GO nanofluids is obtained at 0.05 wt.% while the thermal conductivity and photothermal response is best obtained at 0.23 wt.% concentration.
Lung function parameters in overweight patients with COPD in relation to body mass index and waist circumference and impact on quality of life
Authors: Nawaz Zunaira , Jahangir Muhammad Ashraf , Huma Zille
Published: August 2024

Objective

We investigated the correlation of lung function parameters with increased body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) and determined the impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study at a teaching hospital among 173 individuals. We assessed anthropometric measurements, dynamic lung function, clinical history, and HRQoL using the Airway Questionnaire. Correlations of dynamic lung function parameters with BMI and WC were analyzed.

Results

In total, 51% were men (mean patient age 47.8 ± 10.5 years, median 48 years). The average BMI was 30.3 ± 8 kg/m2. Among 173 participants, 49% were smokers, with 16 ± 9 pack-years smoked; 80% of participants had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We observed compromised mid-expiratory flow (MEF), especially in young and overweight smokers. A moderately strong positive relationship was observed between WC and HRQoL scores, indicating a decline in HRQoL with increased WC.

Conclusion

In our study, HRQoL declined with increasing WC. We found a decrease in MEF among young and overweight smokers who were otherwise healthy and whose other lung function parameters were normal; this finding can be regarded as a pre-COPD marker. These individuals should be reassessed for the development of COPD. Further prospective studies are needed to verify our findings.
Retroperitoneal lymph node tuberculosis complicated by intestinal obstruction: a case report
Authors: Zhang Fulong , Xu Jing , Zhu Yuandong
Published: August 2024

The widespread occurrence and severity of tuberculosis make it a major global health concern. Abdominal issues often affect the intestine, peritoneum, and lymph nodes, with retroperitoneal involvement being rare. We herein present a case involving a 51-year-old man who experienced abdominal pain and fever. He had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis 1 year prior, which had been cured 6 months before presentation to our hospital. Abdominal unenhanced computed tomography revealed incomplete bowel obstruction. Abdominal enhanced computed tomography showed significant enlargement of the retroperitoneal lymph nodes, which were compressing the intestinal lumen. Colonoscopy indicated that the terminal ileum and colon were normal. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous lymph node aspiration was performed, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis fluorescence staining was positive. After anti-tuberculosis treatment, the patient’s abdominal pain and fever improved. Retroperitoneal lymph node tuberculosis presents atypically, and obtaining histopathology early is therefore crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
Oesophageal intubations in anaesthetic practice across Australia and New Zealand: A webAIRS analysis of 109 incidents
Authors: Endlich Yasmin , Fox Thomas P , Culwick Martin D , Acott Christopher J
Published: August 2024

Oesophageal intubations are more common than may be realised and can potentially cause significant patient harm even if promptly identified and corrected. Reports of morbidity due to unrecognised oesophageal intubation continue to present in coroner and media reports. Therefore, it would be helpful to identify mechanisms to prevent these events and implement strategies to avoid and identify incorrect endotracheal tube placement. This analysis of oesophageal intubations reported to webAIRS aims to provide an in-depth analysis of all events in which oesophageal intubation occurred. WebAIRS is a web-based, bi-national incident reporting system collecting voluntarily reported anaesthetic events across Australia and New Zealand, with more than 10,500 incidents registered. A structured search through the webAIRS database identified 109 reports of oesophageal intubation reported between July 2009 and September 2022. A common cause of oesophageal intubation was the misidentification of the larynx due to a poor laryngeal view. Desaturation directly attributed to the misplaced endotracheal tube occurred in 43% of all reports. The authors precisely defined early recognised oesophageal intubation and delayed or unrecognised oesophageal intubation. Most reports (74%) described early recognition of the misplaced intubation, of which 27% led to directly contributed to hypoxia. Cardiovascular collapse as a direct consequence of the late recognition of oesophageal intubation was described in five (18%) of these events. There was inconsistency in end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring and interpretation of the resulting waveform. Findings show that oesophageal intubation continues to be an issue in anaesthesia. Incidents described confusion in diagnosis, human factors issues and cognitive bias. Clear diagnostic guidance and treatment strategies are required to be developed, tested and implemented.
Associations Between Administrative Burden and Children’s ECE Stability During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Babbs Hollett Karen
Published: August 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic caused widespread closures of early care and education (ECE) facilities that negatively impacted children’s socioemotional, behavioral, and academic development. Policies permitting child care centers to remain open by obtaining waivers from closure directives involved varying levels of administrative burden. This study examined administrative burden within waiver policies and its association with ECE stability, as measured by children’s enrollment in waiver-obtaining child care centers. I found Black children were significantly less likely than White children to be enrolled in a waiver-obtaining center, and also far less likely to have a center that obtained a waiver very early on in the pandemic. Analyses showed rates of enrollment in waiver-obtaining centers were far lower among children whose centers experienced more administrative burden, and suggested racial disparities in ECE stability were driven by Black children’s concentrated residence in communities where the waiver application process was more burdensome.
A non-destructive measurement method for thermal barrier coating thickness in a robot polishing process based on point cloud processing
Authors: Hu Yu , Cai Zhenhua , Chen Tingyang , Niu Shaopeng , Wang Chao , Deng Chunming , Dong Shujuan , Chen Ziyang , Shan Zhipeng
Published: August 2024

The adhesion state between the bond coat and top coat of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) is influenced by the surface roughness of the bond coat. Under certain operating conditions, polishing is employed to reduce the surface roughness of the bond coat, thereby enhancing the adhesion strength between the top coat and bond coat and improving the TBC’s resistance to high-temperature oxidation. In order to accurately control the thickness of the bond coat during the polishing process, this study proposes a non-destructive measurement method for coating thickness based on point clouds. By preprocessing, registering, and calculating the distance between the point cloud generated by laser scanning the turbine blade, the thickness of the bond coat was determined. The method exhibits greater accuracy in regions with small curvature variations. Compared to measurements obtained using a metallographic microscope, the maximum thickness deviation between the two methods is 4.004 μm, and the relative error is less than 5%. Experimental results demonstrate that this method can accurately measure coating thickness, offering advantages such as real-time processing, flexibility in application scenarios, high measurement efficiency, and relatively low requirements for coating materials.
The Role of Tumor Stem Cells in Colorectal Cancer Drug Resistance
Authors: Zhong Chen , Wang Guojuan , Guo Min , Zhu Naicheng , Chen Xiudan , Yan Yuwei , Li Nanxin , Yu Wenyan
Published: August 2024

Background: Colorectal cancer is a major cause of mortality among the prevalent malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Although chemotherapy is a standard treatment for colorectal cancer, its efficacy is limited by chemoresistance. Recent studies have investigated targeting tumor stem cells as a potential new therapeutic approach for addressing chemoresistance in colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer frequently relapses, with tumor stem cells often representing one of the leading causes of treatment failure. Purpose: Understanding drug resistance in colorectal cancer stem cells is crucial for improving treatment outcomes. By focusing on developing targeted therapies that specifically address drug resistance in colorectal cancer stem cells, there is potential to make significant advancements in the treatment of colorectal cancer.This approach may lead to more effective and lasting outcomes in patients battling colorectal cancer. Research Design: In this review, a comprehensive overview of recent research on colorectal cancer stem cell treatment resistance is presented.Results: Elucidating the key underlying mechanisms. This review also highlights the potential benefits of targeted therapies in overcoming colorectal cancer resistance to treatment. Conclusions: CCSCs are key players in drug resistance of CRC, indicating their potential as targets for effective therapy. Elucidating their role in this process could aid in discovering tailored treatment strategies.The significance of signaling pathways, TME, and miRNA in regulating drug resistance in CCSCs is been highlighted.
External Validation of the ICU-Venous Thromboembolism Risk Assessment Model in Adult Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Chen Fuyang , Hu Su , Zhong Yanxia , Wei Bohua , Wang Xiaopin , Long Ding
Published: August 2024

Background

Currently, no universally accepted standardized VTE risk assessment model (RAM) is specifically designed for critically ill patients. Although the ICU-venous thromboembolism (ICU-VTE) RAM was initially developed in 2020, it lacks prospective external validation.

Objectives

To evaluate the predictive performance of the ICU-VTE RAM in terms of VTE occurrence in mixed medical-surgical ICU patients.

Methods

We prospectively enrolled adult patients in the ICU. The ICU-VTE score and Caprini or Padua score were calculated at admission, and the incidence of in-hospital VTE was investigated. The performance of the ICU-VTE RAM was evaluated and compared with that of Caprini or Padua RAM using the receiver operating curve.

Results

We included 269 patients (median age: 70 years; 62.5% male). Eighty-three (30.9%) patients experienced inpatient VTE. The AUC of the ICU-VTE RAM was 0.743 (95% CI, 0.682-0.804, P < 0.001) for mixed medical-surgical ICU patients. Comparatively, the performance of the ICU-VTE RAM was superior to that of the Pauda RAM (AUC: 0.727 vs 0.583 , P < 0.001) in critically ill medical patients and the Caprini RAM (AUC: 0.774 vs 0.617, P = 0.128) in critically ill surgical patients, although the latter comparison was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

The ICU-VTE RAM may be a practical and valuable tool for identifying and stratifying VTE risk in mixed medical-surgical critically ill patients, aiding in managing and preventing VTE complications.
Development of a Risk Assessment Tool for Venous Thromboembolism among Hospitalized Patients in the ICU
Authors: Zhang Chuanlin , Mi Jie , Wang Xueqin , Gan Ruiying , Luo Xinyi , Nie Zhi , Chen Xiaoya , Zhang Zeju
Published: August 2024

Background

ICU patients have a high incidence of VTE. The American College of Chest Physicians antithrombotic practice guidelines recommend assessing the risk of VTE in all ICU patients. Although several VTE risk assessment tools exist to evaluate the risk factors among hospitalized patients, there is no validated tool specifically for assessing the risk of VTE in ICU patients.

Methods

A retrospective corhort study was conducted between June 2018 and October 2022. We obtained data from the electronic medical records of patients with a variety of diagnoses admitted to a mixed ICU. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent risk factors of VTE. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyse the predictive accuracy of different tools.

Results

A total of 566 patients were included, and VTE occurred in 89 patients (15.7%), 62.9% was asymptomatic VTE. A prediction model (the ICU-VTE prediction model) was derived from the independent risk factors identified using multivariate analysis. The ICU-VTE prediction model included eight independent risk factors: history of VTE (3 points), immobilization ≥4 days (3 points), multiple trauma (3 points), age ≥70 years (2 points), platelet count >250 × 103/μL (2 points), central venous catheterization (1 point), invasive mechanical ventilation (1 point), and respiratory failure or heart failure (1 point). Patients with a score of 0–4 points had a low (1.81%) risk of VTE. Patients were at intermediate risk, scoring 5–6 points, and the overall incidence of VTE in the intermediate-risk category was 17.1% (odds ratio [OR], 11.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.2-29.4). Those with a score ≥7 points had a high (44.1%) risk of VTE (OR, 42.6; 95% CI, 16.4-110.3). The area under the curve (AUC) of the ICU-VTE prediction model was 0.838, and the differences in the AUCs were statistically significant between the ICU-VTE prediction model and the other three tools (ICU-VTE score, Z = 3.723, P < 0.001; Caprini risk assessment model, Z = 6.212, P < 0.001; Padua prediction score, Z = 7.120, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

We identified eight independent risk factors for acquired VTE among hospitalized patients in the ICU, deriving a new ICU-VTE risk assessment model. The model aims to predict asymptomatic VTE in ICU patients. The new model has higher predictive accuracy than the current tools. A prospective study is required for external validation of the tool and risk stratification in ICU patients.
Thermo-elastic vibration analysis and optimization of a nanoresonator composed of a coupled nanotube system for acoustic liner application using the hybrid deep neural network–based white shark algorithm
Authors: Prasanna Kumar TJ , Sivajibabu K , Durga Prasad B
Published: August 2024

This study explores the potential of nanoresonator systems composed of coupled nanotubes with graphene nanoparticles for enhancing the performance of acoustic liners in aircraft engines. The objective of this study is to develop an analytical model and predict its behavior under various conditions. The acoustic liners consist of perforated metal sheets and honeycomb cavities, which are essential for noise reduction in aircraft engines. The model is tested for variations in natural frequency, mode number (m), size effects (e0a), viscous constant (C), temperature (T), localness factor (L), and stiffness constant (K). A hybrid deep neural network–based white shark algorithm (DNN-WSA) is used to predict and optimize the performance of nanoresonator-coupled nanotube systems. Four theories were compared, such as wave propagation theory, nonlocal elasticity theory, polynomial eigenvalue approach, and governing equations with respect to natural frequencies in nanoresonator-coupled nanotube systems. The wave propagation theory yielded the lowest natural frequency, which was selected for detailed analysis. The optimized values of size effect of 2 nm, temperature of 5 K, and frequency of 1.971975 THz were obtained. When C = 0.3, K = 10, T = 300, and L = 10×e−9, the root mean square error (RMSE) value is 0.8421, which indicates improved predictive performance as it continues to decrease. The study’s findings showed that changes in viscous constants impact natural frequencies, while size effects have a minor influence. Temperature variations also affect natural frequencies, with higher temperatures leading to higher frequencies. The optimized model demonstrates enhanced predictive performance, which contributes to a better understanding of nanoresonator systems and their application in noise reduction for aircraft engines.
“I Figured It Might Be Because We Are Rural”: A Qualitative Study of Barriers and Opportunities Related to Home-Based Personal Assistance Services
Authors: Sage Rayna , Standley Krys , Mashinchi Genna M.
Published: August 2024

Personal care assistance (PCA) provides vital support so rural disabled people and older adults can live in their communities. Currently, the state of home and community-based services in the United States is dire, with major shortfalls in access and utilization of these services. Moreover, little is known about the experiences of people living in rural areas who need paid, in-home assistance with activities of daily living. Because rural areas are often underserved and under-resourced, this study aimed to understand the experiences of rural users of personal care assistance services to inform the development of a training for rural people. Between February and November of 2021, 38 semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 40 self-identified rural-dwelling people across the United States who use paid PCAs. Interview topics included finding, hiring, and training workers; worker qualities; and how living in a rural place impacted PCA services. Using thematic coding, results highlight how rurality intersected with participants’ daily experiences. Respondents identified 3 barriers to getting PCA services: (1) lack of transportation and travel distance, (2) worker shortages, and (3) fewer local community services; and one facilitator of obtaining PCA services: strong community connection. Additionally, some aspects of rural culture—such as valuing a slower pace of life, independence, and rugged individualism—presented both barriers and opportunities for rural PCA recipients. As the home care worker shortage crisis in the United States is expected to worsen in coming decades, rural people needing PCA services face unique circumstances related to place and culture.
The First Fetal Case of Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome Mimicking Vascular Growth Restriction
Authors: Bobric Nicoleta-Andreea , Grevoul-Fesquet Julie , Rigonnot Luc , Trost Detlef , Boughalem Aïcha , Martinovic Jelena
Published: August 2024

Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome (SDS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic condition with 90% of cases associated with biallelic pathogenic variants in the Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond Syndrome ( SBDS) gene on chromosome 7q.11.21. SDS belongs to ribosomopathies since SBDS gene encodes a protein involved in ribosomal maturation. Its phenotypic postnatal hallmark features include growth delay, bone marrow failure, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and skeletal abnormalities. We report a first fetal case of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome and extend its phenotype before birth. The clinical features mimicked vascular growth restriction with FGR and shortened long bones, associated with abnormal Doppler indices. Non-restricted fetal autopsy after termination of pregnancy allowed deep phenotyping disclosing the features of fetal skeletal dysplasia. Post-fetopathological trio exome sequencing identified biallelic pathogenic variants in the SBDS gene. Genotype-phenotype correlations confirmed the diagnosis and enabled an adequate genetic counseling of the parents. Our case is another example of the positive impact of fetal autopsy coupled with post-fetopathological genomic studies, even in the cases that were hitherto classified as maternal or fetal vascular malperfusion.
Evaluating the Barriers and Facilitators to Implementing a Novel Referral System for Outpatient Geriatric Services: The Geri-Hub Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Lim Fat Guillaume , Kokorelias Kristina M , Foronda Erica , Sadasivan Bindhu , Romanovsky Lindy
Published: August 2024

Background:

In healthcare systems prioritizing care of older adults, resource limitations and escalating demand often impede access to outpatient specialized geriatric services.

Objectives:

This study, theoretically guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), aimed to explore barriers and facilitators in implementing a centralized “Geri-Hub.” The Geri-Hub is a centralized intake system established within 2 hospital systems to coordinate outpatient and community-based services for older adults, aiming to connect them with the most appropriate care in a timely manner.

Methods:

Qualitative insights were gathered from healthcare professionals at 2 academic institutions in the process of consolidating services. Through open-ended surveys and semi-structured interviews, we solicited feedback on referral management, waiting times, and overall work experiences.

Results:

Thirteen frequently referring providers and a cohort of 9 geriatricians, along with 4 administrators, contributed to the study. Geriatricians emphasized streamlined referrals, flexible scheduling for urgent cases, and a target wait time of 3 months. Administrators stressed standardized referral procedures, defined roles, and accessible referral information.

Discussion:

The findings underscored the need for straightforward referral processes, enhanced communication on referral statuses, and reduced wait times. Optimizing these processes could potentially mitigate resource utilization issues and improve patient outcomes in healthcare systems. This research highlights the critical role of timely access to geriatric services during transformative phases in healthcare delivery.
Influence of Previous Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting on Clinical Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Meta-Analysis of 250 684 Patients
Authors: Larik Muhammad Omar , Ahmed Ayesha , Shahid Abdul Rehman , Irfan Hamza , Irfan Areeka , Jibran Muhammad
Published: August 2024

Background:

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), also known as coronary angioplasty, is the preferred strategy for treating obstructive coronary artery disease. Existing literature suggests the worsening of clinical outcomes in patients with previous coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) history. In light of this, a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis was performed.

Methods:

Databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect were utilized for the inclusive systematic search dating from inception to September 01, 2023. The risk of bias assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort studies, and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for randomized controlled trials.

Results:

Ultimately, there were 16 eligible studies pooled together, involving a total of 250 684 patients, including 231 552 CABG-naïve patients, and 19 132 patients with a prior history of CABG. Overall, patients with CABG history were associated with significantly greater short-term mortality ( P = .004), long-term mortality ( P = .005), myocardial infarction ( P < .00001), major adverse cardiovascular events ( P = .0001), and procedural perforation ( P < .00001). Contrastingly, CABG-naïve patients were associated with significantly greater risk of cardiac tamponade ( P = .02) and repeat CABG ( P = .03). No significant differences in stroke, bleeding, revascularization, or repeat PCI were observed.

Conclusion:

Comparatively worsened clinical outcomes were observed, as patients with prior CABG history typically exhibit complex coronary anatomy, and have higher rates of comorbidities in comparison to their CABG-naïve counterparts. The refinement of current procedural and surgical techniques, in conjunction with continued research endeavors, are needed in order to effectively address this trend.
Digital game–based learning in music education: A systematic review between 2011 and 2023
Authors: Weatherly Katy Ieong Cheng Ho , Wright Bri’Ann , Lee Elsa Y.
Published: August 2024

Digital game–based learning is increasingly integrated into classrooms, offering a novel approach to combining informal and formal music education. This article reports the findings of a systematic review investigating digital game–based learning in music education, analysing 15 empirical, peer-reviewed articles written from 2011 to 2023. In this analysis, we first analyzed the platforms of digital game–based learning tools and their corresponding musical objectives. Second, we examined the methodologies, participant demographics, and the effectiveness of digital game–based learning in music education. Finally, we considered potential issues associated with the reviewed studies. Our findings reveal that while potential benefits of digital game–based learning in music education are evident, several challenges also arise. Many of the studies we reviewed failed to consider and discuss potential issues associated with digital game–based learning; with our prominent concerns pertaining to tool availability, cost, and accessibility. In addition, our systematic review highlights the need for further research focusing on open-access resources and free tools that help mitigate such accessibility barriers. Recommendations for future research include further work on experimental designs between traditional music learning and digital game–based learning and examining additional dependent variables beyond motivation and achievement.
The role of sports on destination branding: A bibliometric study
Authors: Vila-López Natalia , Kuster-Boluda Ines , Mora-Pérez Elisabet , Sarabia Sanchez Francisco
Published: August 2024

The role of sports in place branding is growing interest in literature. To orientate future research on this topic, the present paper aims: (a) to measure the visibility and impact of the scientific production on the topic, and (b) to identify the scientific structure by research themes, as well as its evolution in two different periods. To this end, 135 papers linking sports with a destination image were retrieved from the Web of Science. Two periods were compared (2003–2012; 2013–2022). Our results show future research opportunities for (a) new small-scale sporting events beyond big mega-events; (b) residents’ perspective beyond tourists’ approach, (c) sports focused on minority audiences beyond football and the Olympics, (d) studies focused on European countries, beyond Brazil, China, USA and Israel; (e) a higher focused on sports teams and clubs beyond sports events; and (f) attention to public administrations responsibilities beyond private companies.
Educators, warriors and reformers: A thematic analysis of how ostomates portray themselves on TikTok
Authors: Butel Emma , Owen Craig
Published: August 2024

Inflammatory Bowel Disease often causes abdominal pain, faecal urgency and a range of other symptoms, and is a common chronic disease among young people. Stoma surgery seeks to alleviate these symptoms, though complications often arise from surgery and many stoma patients experience various stigmas. Young people with chronic conditions are increasingly gathering online to share their experiences of illness. Given the rise in popularity of TikTok and its appeal to young people, this study explored how young ostomates with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and a stoma portray themselves on TikTok. Using thematic analysis, three themes were identified in which ostomates portrayed themselves as educators, warriors and reformers, providing education, support and guidance to the wider stoma community. These findings show that TikTok offers an innovative platform for ostomates’ self-presentations and a novel space health professionals should harness to better support ostomates.
Disrupting deliberation? The impact of the pandemic on the social practice of deliberative engagement
Authors: King Martin , Smith Graham
Published: August 2024

The coronavirus pandemic disrupted established ways of doing democracy. This was particularly the case for citizens’ assemblies that have been increasingly commissioned by public authorities to help tackle complex policy problems. The social restrictions adopted in response to the coronavirus pandemic disrupted the ‘deliberative wave’, making the in-person participation of citizens’ assemblies unviable. It forced deliberative practitioners to rethink their standard mode of operation. In this paper, we adopt social practice theory to make sense of how the meanings, competencies and materials associated with the practice of deliberative mini-publics were challenged and, at times, reformulated as practitioners were forced to adapt to digital delivery. Our findings highlight that while aspects of deliberative practice such as inclusivity were rethought, the established identity and competencies of practitioners played a constraining role in the choices and applications of technology.
Selling of care offerings and the ethicalisation of consumption
Authors: Tölg Réka
Published: August 2024

With care being increasingly present and offered for sale on markets consumers are more often asked to consider ethical questions. However, ethical consumption literature has not paid close attention to how the selling of different care offerings contributes to the ethicalisation of consumption. To illustrate and conceptualise this phenomenon, the present paper builds on an object-focused study of care products and services from both online and offline Swedish clothing retail settings. The Callonian notion of qualification, which refers to the attachment of different characteristics in the making of exchangeable goods, is drawn on theoretically to study how care offerings, such as repair kits and laundry tools, are offered for sale. The findings suggest that the qualifications propose a shift from care-less consumption, where the care offerings are made central to the performance of caring consumption through everyday mundane activities. Thus, the paper shows that the way care products and services are offered for sale wants to intervene and shape how caring consumption is made possible through markets and how it should be performed through ethicalised mundane chores.
A Building Information Modeling driven approach for improving building envelope energy efficiency in hot arid climates
Authors: Eldeeb Sally , Saleh Nada
Published: August 2024

As a response to growing energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions, enhancing the energy performance of buildings has become a global focus. Studies have shown that building openings are responsible for 40–50% of their energy loss, and these percentages are growing steadily. Silica aerogel represents a potential energy-saving technology for buildings. It has demonstrated its effectiveness as an insulating material in various climates; especially cold climates, however its success in hot arid climates has not been examined yet. Therefore, this paper aims to assess the thermal properties of silica aerogel to determine the dominant parameters that impact its thermal performance in a hot, arid climate. A numerical model of the silica aerogel is conducted using Autodesk Ecotect Analysis. The impact of different factors (thermal conductivity, density, specific heat, and thickness of silica aerogel) on the energy efficiency of the glass window was investigated. Results show that the thickness of silica aerogel has the highest impact on the thermal behavior of silica aerogel, followed by thermal conductivity. Meanwhile, density and specific heat showed a negligible effect on the energy performance of the material. Results showed that a 5 mm-thick aerogel layer and a thermal conductivity of 0.014 W/(mK) exploit the energy performance of the proposed material in hot, arid climates and could provide energy savings of around 63% and 15% in heating and cooling demands, respectively.
Parenting a New Moral Panic: Anti-Queer Digital Activism and Reactionary Media Ecologies
Authors: Reinhard Michael M
Published: August 2024

This article looks at the appropriation of cancel-culture activism by anti-queer parental rights activists online. By examining their digitally mediated anti-queer rhetoric, this paper studies how these activists drive public outrage to promote cultural censorship. Surveying digital campaigns by Libs of TikTok and Moms for Liberty, this paper analyzes how their media amplifies “grooming” and “pedophilia” discourses to dynamize older anti-queer stereotypes. Drawing upon the language of child protectionism from 1970s educational debates, this mediated rhetoric demonstrates how anti-queer activists have appropriated the social justice origins of cancel-culture online. By using social media to frame conservative activists as marginalized, these campaigns invert the history of anti-LGBTQ+ media and educational environments to rationalize anti-LGBTQ+ censorship. By looking at how this rhetoric flows from social media into conservative TV journalism, this paper uncovers how this digital activism shapes a broader reactionary media ecology with corrosive democratic effects in the United States.
The Use of Survival Dose-Rate Dependencies as Theoretical Discrimination Criteria for In-Silico Dynamic Radiobiological Models
Authors: Mingo Barba Sergio , Lobo-Cerna Fernando , Krawczyk Przemek M. , Lattuada Marco , Füchslin Rudolf M. , Petri-Fink Alke , Scheidegger Stephan
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Cell repair dynamics are crucial in optimizing anti-cancer therapies. Various assays (eg, comet assay and γ-H2AX) assess post-radiation repair kinetics, but interpreting such data is challenging and model-based data analyses are required. However, ambiguities in parameter calibration remain an unsolved challenge. To address this, we propose combining survival dose-rate effects with computer simulations to gain knowledge about repair kinetics.

Methods

After a literature review, theoretical discriminators based on common fractionation/dose-rate-related effects were defined to discard unrealistic model dynamics. The Multi-Hit Repair (MHR) model was calibrated with canine osteosarcoma Abrams cell line data to study the discriminators’ efficacy in scenarios with limited survival data. Additionally, survival dose-rate-dependent data from the human SiHa cervical cancer cell line were used to illustrate the survival behavior at diverse dose-rates and the capability of the MHR to model these data.

Results

SiHa data confirmed the validity of the proposed discriminators. The discriminators filtered 99% of parameter sets, improving the calibration of Abrams cells data. Furthermore, results from both cell lines may hint universal aspects of cellular repair.

Conclusions

Dose-rate theoretical discrimination criteria are an effective method to understand repair kinetics and improve radiobiological model calibration. Moreover, this methodology may be used to analyze diverse biological data using dynamic models in-silico.
Exact solutions of non-singularized MHD Casson fluid with ramped conditions: A comparative study
Authors: Saeed Syed Tauseef , Arif Khalid , Qayyum Mubashir
Published: August 2024

The study of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fluids has significant implications across various scientific disciplines, particularly in understanding complex phenomena in astrophysics, engineering, and geophysics. The Casson fluid model stands as a crucial tool for describing non-Newtonian behaviors observed in certain fluid systems. The current work shows an analytical analysis to determine the ramped effect on the fractionalized MHD Casson fluid over an vertical plate. Fractional partial differential equations are used to formulate the problem along with initial and boundary conditions. The governing equations are transformed into the dimensionless form and developed fractional models like Caputo-Fabrizio and Atangana-Baleanu Derivative. We used the Laplace transform technique to find the closed form solution of the dimensionless governing equation analytically. MATHCAD software is being used for numerical computations and the physical attributes of material and fractional parameters are discussed. To analyze their behavior clearly, two-dimensional graphical results are plotted for velocity profile and temperature as well. It has been concluded that the fluid’s velocity are reduced for larger values of the fractional parameter and Prandtl number and is maximum for small values of both parameters.
Mutual inductance identification of non-contact excitation system
Authors: Li Ke , Ding Jie , Sun Xiaodong , Meng Xuan
Published: August 2024

Due to the presence of brush and slip ring in the excitation method of electrically excited synchronous motors, this article proposes a new excitation method - non-contact excitation system. This method transfers electrical energy from the stator to the rotor through magnetic coupling, replacing slip ring and brush. However, the magnetic coupling coils at the primary and secondary ends of the system will deviate, which will affect motor operation quality. In order to effectively reduce the changes caused by mutual inductance, this article proposes an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm for mutual inductance identification. This improved algorithm can effectively reduce the shortcomings of low accuracy and easy to fall into local optima in particle swarm optimization. Simulation and experimental results show that the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm can improve search accuracy.
Multi-fault bearing diagnosis under time-varying conditions using Empirical Wavelet Transform, Gaussian mixture model, and Random Forest classifier
Authors: Imane Moussaoui , Rahmoune Chemseddine , Zair Moahmed , Benazzouz Djamel
Published: August 2024

Bearing faults can cause heavy disruptions in machinery operation, which is why their reliable diagnosis is crucial. While current research into bearing fault analysis focuses on analyzing vibration data under constant working conditions, it is important to consider the challenges that arise when machinery runs at variable speeds, which is usually the case. This article proposes a multistage classifier for diagnosing bearings under time-variable conditions. We validate our method using vibration signals from five bearing health states, including a combined fault case. Our approach involves decomposing the signals using Empirical Wavelet Transform and computing temporal and frequency domain attributes. We use the Expectation-Maximization Gaussian mixture model for optimization concerns to identify relevant parameters and train the Random Forest classifier with the selected features. Our method, evaluated using the Polygon Area Metric, has demonstrated high effectiveness in diagnosing bearings under time-variable conditions. Our approach offers a promising solution that efficiently addresses speed variability and combined fault recognition issues.
Female hormonal and reproductive factors and the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Cao Fang , Liu Junyu , Wang Yuge , He Qingyue , Guo Yuxin , Yan Junxia
Published: August 2024

Background:

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), primarily caused by rupture of intracranial aneurysm, has a high incidence rate in women. We aimed to evaluate the association between female hormonal and reproductive factors and SAH.

Methods:

A prospective cohort of 226,469 participants from the UK Biobank was followed for a median period of 14.75 years. Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines were used to explore the associations between 13 major factors and SAH, including menarche age, menopausal status, age at menopause, reproductive lifespan, pregnancy history, age at first and last live births, number of live births, adverse fertility outcomes, history of oral contraception or hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) use, and surgical history of hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy.

Results:

SAH occurred in 769 of participants during the follow-up period. Both women with a younger age at menarche (< 12 years) and post-menopausal women had a higher SAH risk (hazard ratio (HR), 1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06–1.54) and (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.10–1.99), respectively. A higher risk of SAH was identified in those with an earlier age at menopause (< 40 years: HR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.43–3.06; 40–44 years: HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.23–2.29). A shorter reproductive lifespan (< 30 years) was associated with increased SAH risk (HR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.28–2.11), while a longer reproductive lifespan (> 42 years) showed a protective effect (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.55–0.77). Younger age at first live birth (< 24 years) was associated with SAH (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.13–1.72). Hysterectomy (HR, 2.55; 95% CI, 2.12–3.05) or bilateral oophorectomy (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.14–2.01) also predisposed women to SAH. Age at last live birth, number of live births, pregnancy history, adverse fertility outcomes, and HRT or oral contraceptive use were not associated with SAH.

Conclusions:

Female hormonal and reproductive factors are important for evaluating SAH risk in women. In particular, earlier menopause is associated with an increased risk of SAH.

Data access statement:

The data utilized in this study were sourced from a third party and are not publicly accessible. The UK Biobank data that support the findings of this research are available from the UK Biobank (www.ukbiobank.ac.uk), subject to review and approval by the UK Biobank.
Respect and anxiety: Guns as ambiguous symbols for criminally involved youth in Sweden
Authors: Hedlund Anna , Wästerfors David , Tutenges Sébastien
Published: August 2024

Youth gun violence has surged in Sweden recently. Quantitative studies have described the prevalence and geographical locations of gun violence, but little research has examined how perpetrators and victims themselves experience and make sense of guns. This article draws on ethnographic interviews with young men who have firsthand experience of gun violence in a criminal context. Drawing on narrative analysis, it shows that guns are given multifaceted significance by the research participants and featured both implicitly and explicitly in their stories of their everyday lives. Guns were portrayed ambiguously, as a drastic means of self-protection that could also be used to remedy strained relations. Moreover, guns were presented as a means to build a reputation and gain respect. Gun violence was also charged with a range of emotions, notably hate, fear, and numbness. Even though young men considered that obtaining and using a gun could be justified, they also lamented the shootings, especially those committed by younger, putatively naive individuals.
Switching related to inefficacy in biologics and targeted synthetic therapies for psoriatic arthritis: a comparative real-life study
Authors: Freites-Nuñez Dalifer , Leon Leticia , Toledano Esther , Candelas Gloria , Martinez Cristina , Rodriguez-Laguna Maria , Rubio Daniel , Fernandez-Gutierrez Benjamin , Abasolo Lydia
Published: August 2024

Background:

Switching between therapies is a recommended strategy for psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients who experience treatment failure; however, studies including real-life data are scarce.

Objectives:

To assess the incidence rate (IR) of switching between biologics and targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs) due to inefficacy in PsA, and to compare the risk of switching due to inefficacy across different b/tsDMARDs groups.

Design:

A longitudinal retrospective study, spanning from 2007 to 2022, was conducted on patients with PsA treated with b/tsDMARDs at an outpatient rheumatology clinic.

Methods:

The primary outcome was switching between b/tsDMARDs due to inefficacy. The independent variable was the exposure to b/tsDMARDs during follow-up. As covariates, clinical, treatment-related, and sociodemographic variables were considered. Survival techniques were run to estimate the IR of switching due to inefficacy per 100 patients*year and confidence interval at 95% (95% CI). Cox multivariate regression analyses were run to assess the risk of b/tsDMARDs switching due to inefficacy, expressed as hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI.

Results:

In all, 141 patients were included, with 893.09 patients*year follow-ups. 52.48% of them were females in their fifties. In total, 262 courses of treatment were recorded. During the study period, 56 patients presented 121 switches and 103 related to inefficacy (IR: 11.53 (9.51–13.98)). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors (TNFi) showed the lowest IR. In the bivariate analysis, all b/tsDMARDs had more risk of switching compared to TNFi (HR: anti-lL-17 vs TNFi: 2.26 (1.17–4.36); others vs TNFi: 3.21 (1.59–6.45)); however, this statistical significance was no longer present in the multivariate analysis once adjustments were made for the covariates. Still, the final model achieved statistical significance in the following variables: gender, clinical symptoms, prescription year, therapy courses, glucocorticoids, and sulfasalazine.

Conclusion:

In this study, we did not find differences in the rate of switching due to inefficacy among different groups of b/tsDMARDs. Other concomitant treatments, sociodemographic, and clinical variables were identified as risk factors for switching due to inefficacy.