bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The diagnostic efficacy of serum galectin-3 and other markers in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xiaohong , Song Xin , Li Yu , Liu Xiangyi
Published: January 2024

Background Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer, representing approximately 85–90% of cases. Galectin-3 (GAL-3) is a well-established histologic marker of thyroid cancer that is not expressed by normal thyroid cells. The potential utility of serum GAL-3 in differentiating benign thyroid tumors from PTC remains to be studied.Methods According to the postoperative pathology results, patients were divided into the PTC group (165 cases) and the benign thyroid tumor group (95 cases). Serum GAL-3 was detected by chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). Additionally, other markers including human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), Ki-67, cytokeratin 19 (CK19), thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and CD56 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum levels were compared between patients with PTC and those with benign tumors using SPSS 22.0.Results In patients with PTC, serum GAL-3 levels were significantly higher than those in patients with benign thyroid tumors (p = 0.045). Additionally, serum HER-2 and Ki-67 levels in PTC patients were significantly higher than those in patients with benign tumors (p < 0.05) as well. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in CK19, TPO, and CD56 (p > 0.05). The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that GAL-3 had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.645 (p = 0.000) for distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid tumors. When combined with HER2 and Ki-67, the AUC increased to 0.787 (p = 0.000).Conclusions Our research results indicate that the combination of GAL-3, HER2, and Ki-67 can be used to differentiate between benign and malignant thyroid diseases.Trial registration Not applicable
Effect of transport stress on apoptosis and autophagy in goat lung cells
Authors: Zhuo Yu , Hu Yunhai , Liu Ben , Zheng Wenya , Yi Wanting , Yang Xue , Zheng Lucheng , Hu Wei , Jin Yangshan , Ye Tian , Yang Yanzhen
Published: January 2024

Background Goats undergoing road transportation are subjected to inverse organismal disturbances in the external environment, with high temperatures, bumps, and complex microbial environments during transportation linking to compound stressors, which can trigger pathological apoptosis and autophagy. Pathological cell death dysregulating the homeostasis of the internal environment of the organism and thus causing immunosuppression and tissue damage. Bcl-2 and Bax are a pair of functional antagonistic proteins regulating apoptosis, p62, LC3B and the PINK1/Parkin pathway have also been shown to play important mediating roles in the process of cellular autophagy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of transportation stress on proteins related to apoptosis and autophagy in goat lung cells. Nine healthy male Ganxi goats were selected and divided into control group without transport (0h transport group), 2h transport group, 6h transport group, three in each group, and the lungs were taken after treatment. Results The results of the study showed that transportation stress increased the apoptosis rate in goat lungs, which was significantly higher in the 2h transportation group than in the 6h transportation group and the control group. Apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bax were mainly expressed in the bronchial epithelium at all levels as well as in the alveolar septum. Autophagy-associated LC3B proteins were distributed in the cytoplasm of alveoli and bronchioles, and p62, PINK1 and Parkin proteins were widely expressed in the alveolar epithelium and the cytoplasm of cells in specific sites and nuclei. Also, there was a significant downregulation of PINK1 and Parkin proteins after the 6h transportation. Apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 and Bax genes and autophagy-associated LC3B, p62, PINK1 and Parkin genes showed different degrees of dysregulation after a certain time of transport, respectively. Conclusion The results of our study indicate that transportation stress could lead to an up-regulation of apoptosis rate in goat lung cells, which exhibited both a significant effect on the expression levels of apoptosis-related Bcl-2 and Bax genes, and triggered a dysregulation of autophagy-related LC3B, p62, PINK1 and Parkin genes, suggesting that transportation stress is closely related to apoptosis and autophagy in the lungs of goats.
London Protocol under water-perfused HRM in a healthy population, towards novel 3D manometric parameters in an evaluation of anorectal functional disorders
Authors: ANEFALOS ALEXANDRE , Martinez Carlos Augusto Real , Coy Claudio Saddy Rodrigues
Published: January 2024

Background/Aim London Protocol (LP) and Classification allied to high-resolution manometry (HRM) technological evolution has updated and enhanced the diagnostic armamentarium in anorectal disorders. This study aims to evaluate LP reproducibility under water-perfused HRM, provide normal data and new parameters based on 3D and healthy comparison studies under perfusional HRM.
Methods 50 healthy (25 F) underwent water-perfused 36 channel HRM based on LP at resting, squeeze, cough, push, and rectal sensory. Additional 3D manometric parameters were: pressure-volume (PV) 10⁴mmHg².cm (resting, short and long squeeze, cough); highest and lowest pressure asymmetry (resting, short squeeze, and cough). Complementary parameters (CP) were: resting (mean pressure, functional anal canal length); short squeeze (mean and maximum absolute squeeze pressure), endurance (fatigue rate, fatigue rate index, capacity to sustain); cough (anorectal gradient pressure); push (rectum-anal gradient pressure, anal canal relaxation percent); recto-anal inhibitory reflex (anal canal relaxation percent).
Results No difference to genders: resting (LP, CP, and 3D); short squeeze (highest pressure asymmetry); endurance (CP); cough (CP, highest and lowest pressure asymmetry); push (gradient pressure); rectal sensory. Higher pressure in men: short squeeze (maximum incremental, absolute, and mean pressure, PV, lowest pressure asymmetry); long squeeze (PV); cough (anal canal and rectum maximum pressure, anal canal PV); push (anal canal and rectum maximum pressure). Anal canal relaxation was higher in women (push).
Conclusions LP reproducibility is feasible under water-perfused HRM, and comparative studies could bring similarity to dataset expansion. Novel 3D parameters need further studies with healthy and larger data to be validated and for disease comparisons.
Effectiveness of digital health intervention on school adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health in Jimma town, Southwest Ethiopia: a propensity score analysis
Authors: Tadele Afework , Kitila Oli , Wondimu Merertu , Dawud Badiru , Ali Rahma , Gizaw Getu
Published: January 2024

Background
Investments in youths’ sexual and reproductive health (SRH) has greatest gain as they are in a critical time across the period of transition from childhood to adulthood. This segment of population disproportionately from SRH ill health problems due to lack of adequate knowledge to make informed decisions and exercise their sexual and reproductive rights (SRHR).
Objectives
To examine effectiveness of digital health interventions on SRH among school adolescent and youth in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia.
Methods
A quasi-experimental study conducted in Jimma town among school youths. The data were entered into Epidata™ manager v4.6 and analyzed using to STATA™ v 17.0. A propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was conducted to estimate the average treatments (ATE). In addition, two sample tests of proportion, and sensitivity analysis done using difference-in-differences (DID) analysis.
Result
A significant increase in SRH outcomes between baseline and end-line was found. The knowledge of SRHR increases by 26.8 percentage points (95% CI 14.5, 38.6), knowledge of SRH increases by 11.5 percentage points (95% CI 1.7, 21.4), and attitude towards SRHR increases by 27.4 percentage points (95% CI 17.5, 37.3) because of the digital health intervention among school adolescents and youths.
Conclusion
The digital health intervention significantly improved knowledge of SRHR, knowledge of SRH, and attitude towards SRHR among school adolescents and youths. Further studies on impacts of digital health interventions on reproductive health outcomes of public health importance such as teenage pregnancies, and unmet need for family planning are recommended.
Phytochemical Profiling and Molecular Docking Investigation of Avocado (Persea Americana Mill. Cultivar Hass) Leaves and Seeds: Implications for Antioxidant Activity and Health Benefits
Authors: Salau Shina , Olufemi Ademoyegun , Rabiat Ahmed Shola
Published: January 2024

Despite the rising interest in avocado leaves and seeds' health benefits, little or no research has been conducted on both their phytochemical profiles in conjunction with molecular docking investigations, particularly in relation to its antioxidant activity. Utilizing phytochemical screening, molecular docking, and ADMET predictions, this study, investigates the antioxidant properties of avocado leaves (AVL) and seeds (AVS). Results show that AVS has a high presence of flavonoids (+++), terpenoids (+++), but a low presence of phenols (+), while AVL has a high presence of tannins (+++) and phenols (++). Molecular docking studies validate two AVL (L01 and L02) and two AVS (S02 and S03) compounds based on binding affinity and interactions with 2rgu.pdb, 3mng.pdb, and 2vwi.pdb protein targets. ADMET studies indicate that AVL and AVS extracts have favourable bioavailability and health safety characteristics. Additionally, DPPH, ABTS and FRAP radical inhibition (%) results show that AVL (46.36%/DPPH, 6.67%/ABTS, 11.07%/FRAP) has lesser antioxidant activity than AVS (70.97%/DPPH, 47.35%/ABTS, 3.66%/FRAP).
Empirical Performance Analysis of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks Architectures for Face Liveness Detection
Authors: Khairnar Smita , Gite Shilpa , Thepade Sudeep D.
Published: January 2024

In the realm of biometrics, face recognition (F.R.) is one of the most exciting new developments. In the past decade, computer vision and artificial intelligence advancements have improved face recognition systems by several orders of magnitude. Many attacks can be launched against these systems, such as the low-cost and low-effort Presentation attacks. Face liveness detection is gaining momentum in research. With the advent of deep learning, observing the performance of pre-trained DCNN Architectures for Face Liveness Detection will be interesting. The paper proposes an Empirical Performance analysis of eight pre-trained DCNN Architectures allies VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, InceptionResNetV2, MobileNetV2, DenseNet201, InceptionV3, Xception. The experimentation carried out on the NUAA dataset (120000 images) & and the Replay attack dataset has shown that the better performance is given by DenseNet201, closely followed by MobileNetV2. This study offers significant contributions to the understanding of the dynamic nature of face recognition technologies.
A model for recommending suitable LSP for improved service delivery in mobile network using affinity propagation machine learning
Authors: Ukekwe Emmanuel , Eneh Hyacinth
Published: January 2024

Network service request for voice and Internet may differ across locations. Network service providers are encouraged to conduct a quarterly check to identify the suitable network service request peculiar to locations of coverage so as to improve quality of service. In this work, a model that identifies and recommends the suitable location service plan for network providers is proffered. The 3-task model extracts data using quarterly averages, clusters the extracted data using affinity propagation machine learning and classifies the clusters into linguistic variables using the mean of the respective clusters. Using a dataset obtained from the Nigerian Bureau of Statistics on mobile telecommunication for three quarters in 2021, obtained results show that the model was able to identify states with heavy as well as low subscription rates across the states. Mtn, Airtel and Glo mobile network providers recorded equal voice and internet subscription rates across the states while 9Mobile showed signs of improvement in voice and Internet subscription for some states.
Rainfall-runoff modeling using the HEC-HMS flow modeling framework for the Halda River catchment, Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Marjena Binte , Karmakar Shyamal , Hossain Mohammad Mozaffar
Published: January 2024

The Halda River is a vital perennial river with significant ecosystem service throughout its course. We studied the characteristics of river monsoon flow using the HEC-HMS to determine the flash flood simulation potential of the cascade reservoir model. The curve numbers are optimized here based on SWAT simulation data. The NSE, R2(RMSE), RSE, and PBIAS estimate values agree with the observed discharge values for the calibration and validation periods. However, during the calibration period, the flow model showed a poor match for the baseflow part, which affected the model's efficiency. Using this approach, flash flood studies can potentially simulate flash floods in a relatively ungauged river basin with minimal discharge data and available water level data. Moreover, the computational cost is lower than that of a similar capacity flow model.
Synchronous versus metachronous spinal metastasis: a comparative study of survival outcomes following neurosurgical treatment
Authors: Banat Mohammed , Potthoff Anna-Laura , Hamed Motaz , Borger Valeri , Scorzin Jasmin E. , Lampmann Tim , Asoglu Harun , Khalafov Logman , Schmeel Frederic C. , Paech Daniel , Radbruch Alexander , Nitsch Louisa , Weller Johannes , Herrlinger Ulrich , Toma Marieta , Gielen Gerrit , Vatter Hartmut , Schneider Matthias
Published: January 2024

Purpose
Patients with spinal metastases (SM) from solid neoplasms typically exhibit progression to an advanced cancer stage. Such metastases can either develop concurrently with an existing cancer diagnosis (termed metachronous SM) or emerge as the initial indication of an undiagnosed malignancy (referred to as synchronous SM). The present study investigates the prognostic implications of synchronous compared to metachronous SM following surgical resection.
Methods
From 2015 to 2020, a total of 211 individuals underwent surgical intervention for SM at our neuro-oncology facility. We conducted a survival analysis starting from the date of the neurosurgical procedure, comparing those diagnosed with synchronous SM against those with metachronous SM.
Results
The predominant primary tumor types included lung cancer (23%), prostate cancer (21%), and breast cancer (11.3%). Of the participants, 97 (46%) had synchronous SM, while 114 (54%) had metachronous SM. The median overall survival post-surgery for those with synchronous SM was 13.5 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 6.1-15.8) compared to 13 months (95% CI 7.7-14.2) for those with metachronous SM (p=0.74).
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the timing of SM diagnosis (synchronous versus metachronous) does not significantly affect survival outcomes following neurosurgical treatment for SM. These results support the consideration of neurosurgical procedures regardless of the temporal pattern of SM manifestation.
Unmet Needs and Strategies to Promote Patient Engagement in The Arab World: Experts' Opinion
Authors: Nabil Yehia , Eldaw Anwar , El-Shourbagy Dalia , Ibrahim Dima , Torkistani Hanan Al , Alshahrani Mohammad , Farghaly Mohamed , AlMadhi Sawsan , Mansour Romy
Published: January 2024

Background
The significance of Patient Engagement (PE) is widely acknowledged as a crucial element in fostering positive health outcomes, elevating care quality, and streamlining healthcare systems. Despite its recognized advantages, the level of patient engagement in Arab nations remains suboptimal.
Methods
A high-level assembly was convened in Dubai, assembling eleven distinguished patient advocates from diverse Arab countries. Their collective aim was to dissect the obstacles hindering patient engagement in the Arab world and propose pragmatic strategies to surmount them. First, a series of five open-ended, comprehensive questions were posed and thoroughly deliberated upon. Second, the barriers to patient engagement within the experts’ respective communities were debated. A qualitative thematic analysis was conducted and two reports were generated by two independent researchers from the original meeting recordings.
Results
This paper highlights the importance of patient engagement in advancing healthcare and categorizes barriers to patient engagement as patient-related, provider-related, or system/government related. The experts identified the primary gaps in patient engagement and proposed strategies to promote it, with a primary focus on motivating both patients and providers towards shared decision-making.
Conclusions
This paper amalgamates the insights and recommendations distilled from this expert gathering, juxtaposing them within the broader context of existing literature on patient engagement. Offering a comprehensive viewpoint, this article delves into the challenges and opportunities intrinsic to bolstering patient engagement in the Arab world. Moreover, it spotlights invaluable tools often overlooked within Arab countries. The practical insights furnished in this piece serve as a roadmap for administrators and decision-makers, providing guidance to enhance patient engagement on both a national and institutional scale.
Evolution properties of Laguerre higher order cosh-Gaussian beam propagating through Fractional Fourier transform optical system
Authors: Saad Faroq , Benzehoua Halima , Belafhal Abdelmajid
Published: January 2024

We theoretically investigate the propagation properties of a Laguerre higher order cosh Gaussian beam (LHOchGB) in a fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) optical system. Based on the Collins formula and the expansion of the hard aperture function into a finite sum of Gaussian functions, we derive analytical expressions for a LHOchGB propagating through apertured and unapertured FRFT systems. The analysis of the evolution of the intensity distribution at the output plane has shown from the obtained expressions, using illustrative numerical examples. The results show that the intensity distribution of the considered beam propagating in FRFT is significantly influenced by the source beam parameters and the parameters of the FRFT system. It is possible to demonstrate the potential benefits of the results obtained for applications in laser beam shaping, optical trapping, and micro-particle manipulation.
Automatic Pipeline for Information of Curve Graphs in Papers Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Han Yuexing
Published: January 2024

Extracting information from the vast amount of literature can help researchers quickly grasp the current state of development. Literature is a carrier of multiple forms of data while most researchers only pay attention to the text. Especially like the curve graphs include a great deal of critical numerical information that is not expressed in other data. The paper proposes a method to mine information from curve graphs in the literature. With this method, numerical values and coordinate axis entities of the curve graphs are extracted from the graphs and text. Foremost, curve graphs are cut out from literature with Yolov5s. Then, the exact title text corresponding to each curve graph is matched through operating Sentence-Bert. After obtaining the title text, the X-axis and the Y-axis name of a curve graph are extracted in the title with SCI-Bert. Meanwhile, techniques such as optical character recognition (OCR) are employed to parse the numerical data reflected on the charts automatically. Moreover, some principles are adopted to improve the performance. We validate each step with a dataset of 6042 articles from Elsevier. The accuracies of curve graph detecting and title matching with our principles are 96.4\% and 95.8\%. Both outperform better than inital models, proving the effectiveness of our principles. Entity and numerical data extraction achieve 76.3\% and 28.2\%. The experimental results show that our method can achieve large-scale extraction of the knowledge of those curve graphs from the literature.
Evolution behavior of pulsed chirped Laguerre higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam propagating through liver tissue
Authors: Benzehoua H. , Saad F. , Bayraktar M. , Chatzinotas S. , Belafhal A.
Published: January 2024

We perform an analytical study on the propagation properties of a pulsed chirped Laguerre higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam (cLhchGB) passing through liver tissue, utilizing the power spectrum refractive index, the extended Huygens-Fresnel integral, and the Fourier Transform method. Our investigation includes numerical simulations based on the derived formula, illustrating how varying beam parameter configurations within liver tissue impact the properties of the beam. Additionally, we thoroughly discuss the influence of both optical parameters and biological tissue characteristics on the spectral modifier, while also evaluating the impact of pulse duration and chirp parameter on spectral intensity at various observation positions. Our observations indicate that the pulsed cLhchGB undergoes changes in its shape as it traverses a considerable distance through this medium. The results presented in this paper hold significant importance for their potential applications in determining the deterioration or disruption of biological tissue, as well as in the fields of medical imaging and medical diagnosis.
Palladium(II) halide complexes of N,N,S-tridentate Schiff bases. Synthesis, structural studies in solution and solid state, and analysis of Hirshfeld surfaces
Authors: Alvarez-Hernández Jesús Alberto , Andrade-López Noemí , Alvarado-Rodríguez José G. , Muñoz-Granados Oscar , Sánchez-Cabrera Gloria , Martínez-Otero Diego
Published: January 2024

The synthesis and characterization of bromo- and iodo complexes of Pd(II) containing tridentate anionic Schiff bases, derived from the opening of 2-R-2-(2-pyridyl)benzothiazoline precursors (R = H, 1; R = Me, 2; R = C6H5, 3; R = C5H4N, 4) is described. The [Pd(Ln)X] complexes [for X = Br: n = 1 (1a), n = 2 (2a), n = 3 (3a), and n = 4, (4a); for X = I: n = 1 (1b), n = 2 (2b), n = 3 (3b), and n = 4 (4b)] were characterized in solution and in solid state by NMR and IR spectroscopy and by elemental analyses. In all complexes the corresponding anionic Schiff ligand {Ln}− displayed a κ2NκS-tridentate coordination mode. X-ray diffraction studies of [Pd(L3)Br] (3a), [Pd(L3)I] (3b), [Pd(L4)Br] (4a) and [Pd(L4)Br] (4b) complexes showed the formation of two five-membered chelate rings, with a distorted square planar geometry around the Pd(II) cation. Crystal structures of 3a, 3b, 4a, and 4b are stabilized by non-classical C–H···π, C–H···S, and C–H···X hydrogen bonding. For 3a, 3b, 4a, and 4b the Hirshfeld surface analysis allowed identify to the H···H contacts as the predominants, and the C–H···S or C–H···π non-classical hydrogen bonding as the stacking major contributions.
Design and Evaluation Analysis of Crowdsourced On-Demand Delivery Modes with the Substantial Involvement of Buses
Authors: Gao Gao , Huang Zhengfeng , Zheng Pengjun
Published: January 2024

With the rise of on-demand delivery, crowd shippers on third-party platforms are popular but come with higher external transportation costs and environmental impacts. To address these issues, we propose two crowdsourced delivery modes with bus involvement: "bus terminal + professional crowd shippers (B&P)" and "bus stop + crowdsourced passenger (B&C)." Both modes use buses to complete many of the delivery tasks, and fully utilize the free space at bus terminals, convenience stores around stations, automated parcel lockers, professional crowd shippers, and bus passengers to complete the entire delivery process. To assess the overall performance of these two delivery modes, we proposed a set of key performance indicators (KPIs) from four aspects: delivery cost, delivery efficiency, user experience, and external influence. Exploring the potential advantages of B&P and B&C modes based on 18349 delivery cases in downtown Ningbo, China. The results showed that the B&P and B&C modes can effectively reduce delivery cost and external influence while maintaining a comparable level of user experience and delivery efficiency as the P mode in the mid-to-long distance (3–10 km) delivery scenario. Finally, based on the above conclusions, we make some recommendations for the development planning of B&P and B&C modes.
Multi-Branch Deep Classification Models.
Authors: Fahim Mahmoud , Abdel-Nasser Mohamed , Abdelwahab Moataz , Abdelrahman Adel B.
Published: January 2024

Deep learning classification models, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Residual Networks (ResNets), Inception Networks, and MobileNet, are widely used for image classification tasks. These models employ sophisticated architectures, including specialized layers for feature extraction and hierarchical representation learning. EfficientNet optimizes the trade-off between accuracy and computational efficiency, while Capsule Networks aim to overcome limitations in capturing hierarchical features. Their adaptability, scalability, and effectiveness make them essential tools in various computer vision applications. In this paper, we explored three proposed classification models constructed from two CNNs followed by three branches, each with different configurations of convolution layers, activation functions, and pooling layers. The outputs of these branches were concatenated, and the model proceeded with additional layers, including convolution, activation, fully connected, and softmax layers. The proposed models were tested under three distinct scenarios with varying output configurations. Case 1 (two outputs), the models are evaluated for masked/unmasked classification, resulting in two output classes. Case 2 (50 outputs) aims to identify 50 different classes. Case 3 (85 outputs), the models were tested with an extended set of 85 output classes. This comprehensive testing across different scenarios demonstrated the versatility and applicability of the proposed models for diverse image classification tasks.
Investigating the Gliogenic Genes and Signaling Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Huntington’s Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shafi Ovais , Raveena  , Yaqoob Uzair , Haseeb Madiha , Madhwani Manwar , Virk Luqman Naseer , Zaidi Syed Wajahat Ali , Nadeem Ammar
Published: January 2024

Background:
The pathophysiology of Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative condition, is considered to also involve glial cells. Understanding the intricate interactions between neurons and glia can be accomplished by looking at gliogenic pathways and transcriptional dysregulation. Understanding glial involvement may result in novel medicines, biomarkers, and a thorough understanding of HD's molecular foundation, thereby altering patient outcomes and disease management.
Methods:
Databases including PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar were searched for published articles without any date restrictions, involving Huntington’s disease, gliogenesis, gliogenic genes and signaling pathways, astrocytogenic genes.
Results:
This study reveals the complex interactions between gliogenic pathways and disease etiology. Key factors Pax6, Nkx6.1, Sox9, Sox4, and NFIX are impacted by transcriptional dysregulation, which may interfere with gliogenesis and cellular differentiation. TGF-beta, JAK-STAT, SHH, and NF-B dysregulated signaling pathways emphasize their part in astrocyte dysfunction and glial-neuronal interactions. GFAP, S100, and NF-B are implicated in neuroprotection and are also involved in HD pathogenesis. The intricate interplay of transcriptional factors and pathways complicates the mechanisms behind HD. Therapeutically, gliogenic pathway modulation, transcriptional balance restoration, and glial dysfunction targeting offer promising approaches to slow the course of HD. Even if there are still gaps, current research will improve our knowledge of gliogenic processes and of their possible implications in HD neurodegeneration.
Conclusion:
The investigation of gliogenic pathways and molecules in Huntington's disease (HD) reveals insights into potential glial dysfunction contributions. Alterations to signaling pathways (TGF-beta, JAK-STAT, SHH), astrocyte-related molecules (GFAP, S100, NF-B), and transcriptional dysregulation may all have an impact on how the disease develops. Complexity is added by transcription factors that affect cellular differentiation (HOPX, Sox9, Sox4, NFIX). The interaction between pathways emphasizes how complex HD pathogenesis is. Genetic and epigenetic alterations, stress reactions, and interactions between pathways all contribute to dysregulation. A growing understanding of gliogenesis and its possible implications in HD are provided in this study, opening up possibilities for therapeutic investigation and mitigating the effects of glial-driven HD.
Physical Activity Promotes Well Being: Medical Students' Engagement and Perspective. A Cross-Sectional Study Scoped Through Innovation and Technology
Authors: Mohamed Sami , Muhammad Abdulqadir Surajo , Mohamed Abdikarim Abdi , Eldeen Ahmad Al-Mujtaba Esam , Alhaj Ahmad Mahmud , Bulama Ahmad Abdullahi
Published: January 2024

Background: The role of physical activity in health promotion is further complimented by its disease preventive value. Future doctors' involvement and advocacy in diverse aspects of such significant role is still under evaluation.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess medical students' PA engagement and perspective while discussing related educational innovations and technological advances.
Methods: Through a cross-sectional observational study design, stratified sampling from third, fourth and fifth year medical students attending Nile university, Sudan, during the period from February to April 2020, were included. Descriptive data analysis was done using the SPSS software, after data collection via a structured questionnaire briefly inspired by the IPAQ.
Results: Out of 188 students, 43.10% males and 56.90% females, less than half (91, 48.40%) participate in planned PA, and majority (156, 82.98%) agreed with its health related significance. Few (57, 30.32%) considered academic load as a barrier, and only 20 (10.60%) were not actively promoting PA engagement to others. Most PA participants were males (57.14%), leaning towards group based activity (54, 59.34%), making regular plans (51, 56.04%) and motivated by self health promotion (86, 94.51%) (p-value <0.05). Embedding PA into undergraduate curriculum, use of PA report cards, exercise prescription training and targeted mentoring, in addition to digital bracelets, smart phone applications and internet-based social media, had positive impact on PA participation and promotion.
Conclusion: Medical students' understanding of PA health related significance did not equate to increase engagement, despite active promotion. Curricular integration of PA should accompany recent innovative educational strategies to increase their participation and advocation. Future studies are needed to evaluate the role of technology-based, and AI-driven, PA in achieving this goal.
Trends in myopia development among Chinese children and adolescents in Xuzhou during one academic year
Authors: Li Lin , Liao Ya , Wang Qian , Wang Mei , Zhang Wenxuan , Wang Wei , Wang Xiaojuan
Published: January 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and progression of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Xuzhou City, China, during one academic year.
Methods: The study employed a prospective research design and utilized a whole-group sampling method to conduct non-cycloplegic spot photo screenings on a sample of 38,041 students from 44 primary and secondary schools in Xuzhou City, China. A one-year follow-up was conducted to gather data on spherical equivalent refraction (SER), and subsequent analysis was carried out to explore the disparities in myopia prevalence among primary and secondary school students within the same academic year, as well as the progression of myopia.
Results: During the 2022 academic year, the overall prevalence of myopia in the first and second semesters was 62.6% and 64.2% respectively, indicating an increasing trend. Particularly in primary school, the prevalence of myopia increased with higher grade levels, and significant variations in myopia prevalence were observed mainly in grades 1-3 and 7 (P < 0.05). The incidence rate of myopia in middle school remained stable, while in primary school, there was a positive correlation between myopia incidence and grade level, with the highest rate of 20.1% in grade 6. Among the myopic population, the median value of spherical equivalent refraction slightly decreased between the two semesters. The proportion of high myopia increased among students in grades 5-8.
Conclusions: Our study revealed that within the same academic year, the prevalence of myopia and the severity of myopia have significantly increased in Xuzhou City, China, accompanied by an increase in the proportion of high myopia. For different grade levels, we should adopt personalized prevention and control measures, with a particular focus on lower grade levels and students who have just entered a new grade.
EVALUATION OF FLOWS FROM RAINFALL UPSTREAM OF THE KONKOURE WATERSHED FOR AN ESTIMATION OF ENERGY PRODUCTIVITY. CASE OF THE MAMOU AREA, GUINEA
Authors:   Institut Superieur de Technologie de Mamou, Departement Energetique, Mamou, Guinee., Camara Yacouba ,   Institut Superieur de Technologie de Mamou, Departement Conception et Fabrication Mecanique, Mamou, Guinee., Compaore Abdoulaye ,   Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquees et Technologies (IRSAT/CNRST), Departement Energie, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso., Ouedraogo Drissa ,   Universite Nazi BONI,Laboratoire de Materaux, dHelio-physique et de lEnvironnement (La.M.H.E), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,   Universite Joseph KI-ZERBO, Laboratoire dEnergies Thermiques Renouvelables, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso., Cisse Moussa ,   Institut Superieur de Technologie de Mamou, Departement Conception et Fabrication Mecanique, Mamou, Guinee.
Published: January 2024

This presentresearchaims to evaluate the flow rates of the Konkoure watershed in the Mamou area based on rainfall data for a 42-year observation series (1971-2012), in order to estimate the energypotential and the productivity of the site. To evaluate flow rates, wetransformedprecipitationinto flow rates using the rational method. This researchallowed us to determineseveralresults, the main ones of whichare: the maximum average flow (22956.4 m3/s) observedin 1976, the minimum average flow (15018.4 m3/s) observedin 2002, the interannualaverage flow (18475.59 m3/s), the choice of the calculationyearwhich corresponds to 2003, the flood return periodis 43 yearswith a probability of exceeding 2.3%, the gross power (421102, 1 kW), a dailyproductivity of 10106.45 MWh/d.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYTICAL STUDY OF MATERNAL MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY INDICATORS BETWEEN PLACENTA ACCRETA SPECTRUM (PAS) AND NORMAL PLACENTATION DURING CAESAREAN SECTION
Authors:   Senior Resident, Dept of OBGY, HBTMC and Dr. RN Cooper Medical College, Mumbai., Bahuguna Yash , Koranne Prachi ,   Assistant Professor, Dept of OBGY, Government Medical College, Akola., Wahane Aparna ,   Professor, Dept of OBGY, Government Medical College, Akola.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) has emerged as a complex and increasingly prevalent condition, presenting formidable challenges in the field of obstetrics. PAS refers to a range of pathological conditions characterized by abnormal placental attachment to the uterine wall, leading to potentially life-threatening complications during pregnancy and childbirth. This condition has garnered significant attention from researchers, clinicians, and healthcare providers due to its rising incidence and the critical management decisions it demands. Methods: This was a Case-Control study which was conducted at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in a tertiary care referral center in Akola, India between January 2020, and June 2021, over a period of 18 months (about 1 and a half years). Sample size calculation were considered based on the incidence of Placenta Accreta Spectrum as outlined by the study done by Wu S et al [4]. Result: As noted by earlier studies, our study also found an increase in the overall morbidity of the patients of Placenta Accreta Spectrum disorders over patients with normal placentation, during and after caesarean section. Conclusion: Placenta Accreta Spectrum leads to significant maternal morbidity and mortality compared to normal placentation at caesarean section, as established by and increased rate of Obstetric Hysterectomies, longer operating times, increased need for blood and blood products, longer ICU stay, and increased rates of postpartum fever.
A STUDY OF TRANSGENDERS IN RELATION TO PERCEIVED STRESS, LONELINESS, QUALITY OF LIFE AND EMOTIONAL MATURITY
Authors:   Student, MA Psychology DAV PG College, BHU, Varanasi., Sharma Aayushi , Rani Yadav Richa ,   Head, Department of Psychology DAV PG College, BHU, Varanasi.
Published: January 2024

Background : Transgenders are in a society that is unkind to them. Those who identify as transgender frequently encounter bias, prejudice, threats of physical damage, and violent acts. There is still a long way to go in ensuring that this population has access to adequate services and combating the prejudice and harassment. Objective : The primary objective of this study was to study the relationship amongst perceived stress, loneliness, quality of life & emotional maturity of urban and rural transgenders (N=50). Method :A sample of total 50 transgenders including 25 rural transgenders & 25 urban transgenders of the age range between 24-45 were taken. The tools used for collecting data were Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), UCLA Loneliness Scale, WHOQOL- BREF Scale and Emotional Maturity Scale. Results : In results correlation is calculated and significant relationship can be found among rural and urban transgenders on Perceived stress, Loneliness, Quality of Life and Emotional maturity. No correlation was found between perceived stress and loneliness. Negatively strong correlation is found in perceived stress and quality of life loneliness and quality of life emotional maturity and quality of life. Positive strong correlation is found in perceived stress and emotional maturity loneliness and emotional maturity. Conclusion :They have strong ability to handle emotions and right strategies of healing themselves. It also seems that to earn better livelihood they absorb their loneliness to reflect themselves more emotionally stable and independent to the society might be the reason behind their artificial strength and increasing growth which in total effect their social adjustment and personal integration adversely.
EFFECTS OF THE GUT MICROBIOME ON THYROID FUNCTION
Authors:   VIJNAN Foundation for Innovation Research in Science and Technology, Udupi, Karnataka., Johnson Manoj , a Shilpa ,   John Wellness Clinic, Uliyathaduka, Kasaragod, Kerala., Kumari Suchetha ,   Department of Biochemistry, KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka., Jacob Praveen ,   VIJNAN Foundation for Innovation Research in Science and Technology, Udupi, Karnataka.
Published: January 2024

The human body is home to numerous microorganisms that colonize the skin, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, oral cavity, and other areas. These microorganisms work together to create a complex micro-ecosystem, with the intestinal tract housing the most of them. There are positive effects of a healthy gut micro biota on immune system activity in addition to the thyroid function. Thyroid hormones and thyroid function overall benefited from probiotic supplementation. The effect of gut micro biota on thyroid function and diseases would need to be examined in future human studies with sufficient power.
NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE ASYMMETRIC HOT PLATE METHOD CONSIDERING LATERAL CONVECTIVE LOSSES
Authors:   Energy Efficiency and Systems Research Group, Alioune Diop University, Bambey Senegal., Dia Mohameth , Salif Diallo Mamadou ,   Energy Efficiency and Systems Research Group, Alioune Diop University, Bambey Senegal., Faye Mactar ,   Energy Efficiency and Systems Research Group, Alioune Diop University, Bambey Senegal.,   Laboratory of Applied Energetics, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar Senegal., Sambou Vincent ,   Laboratory of Applied Energetics, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar Senegal.
Published: January 2024

In this study, a numerical model of the asymmetric hot plate method was developed to determine the thermal properties of materials. The proposed model considers the convective heat loss around the device. First, a numerical calculation code is developed to determine the temperature evolution at the measurement points. This calculation code is then used to perform a reduced sensitivity study on various parameters. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was used to identify the thermal properties of different materials from the thermogram. The impacts of the convection coefficient h and insulation thickness on the calculation of the estimates were studied. Finally, an experimental study was conducted using several materials. The thermal properties were compared with experimental results obtained using other measurement methods. A satisfactory agreement was obtained.
ENHANCING HYPERLIPIDEMIA MANAGEMENT: TAKRA SEVANA WITH NAVAKA GUGGULU A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors:   PG Scholar Department of Swasthavritta, All India Institute of Ayurveda, Sarita Vihar Delhi., Dhama Tanu , Kumar S. Harti Shiva ,   Associate Professor Department of Swasthavritta, All India Institute of Ayurveda, Sarita Vihar Delhi.
Published: January 2024

Hyperlipidemia,which is considered as aprominentriskfactorforcardiovasculardisease(CVD) is characterizedbyelevatedlipidandlipoproteinlevels,poses varioushealthrisks.Owingtoconstraints associated with conventional medications, including resistance to treatment, intolerance to drugs, and inadequate adherence, the managementofhyperlipidemia often results in suboptimal orinsufficient outcomes, making successful achievement challenging.In lightof these challenges, this article explores the potential of dietary intervention, specifically the use of takra, to enhance the hypolipidemic effects when combined with pharmacological treatment. Objective:Theobjectivewastoevaluatetheadd-oneffectoftakra(200mltwicedaily)whengivenalongwithnavakagugguluinloweringlipidlevels. Intervention:EmployingaRandomizedControlTrial(RCT)design,theresearchinvolved60participantsdiagnosedwithborderlinehyperlipidemia.Thestudygroups,receivingNavakaGuggulualone(GroupA)orwithTakra(GroupB),wereassessedovera2-monthperiod. Results:GroupB who had takra and navakaguggulu both exhibitedsignificantimprovements,especiallyinserumtriglyceridelevels(p=0.01).Anga-gaurav,atinidra,andJaboparodhaattributesalsonotablyimproved(p<0.05). Discussion: Itemphasizedthe mechanism of action of NavakaGugguluand the potential contribution of Takra in addressing the underlying cause of hyperlipidemia. Conclusion:Thestudyconcludedthatbuttermilkconsumptionmaycontributetohyperlipidemiamanagement,emphasizinglifestylemodifications.
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT BASIC LIFE SUPPORT AMONG 1ST YEAR GNM STUDENTS(2022-2023) AT SMT NAGARATHNAMMA SCHOOL OF NURSING IN BENGALURU
Authors:   Principal, Smt Nagarathnamma College of Nursing, Bangaluru., Nanjappan Devi , B. Ramya ,   Guide & Assistant Professor Department of Pediatric Nursing., Halder Lumi ,   Final Year B.SC Nursing Student., Modak Manashi ,   Final Year B.SC Nursing Student., Kaif MD ,   Final Year B.SC Nursing Student., Asif Reza MD ,   Final Year B.SC Nursing Student.
Published: January 2024

Statement of the problem: A study to assess the knowledge about Basic life support among 1st year GNM students (2022-2023) at Smt Nagarathnamma school of Nursing in Bengaluru. Background of the Study: Cardiac Arrest is a major emergency situation faced by the people and it requires emergency intervention in terms of resuscitation by using basic life support. As people grow they must learn not only to cope with current demands but also to prepare for many unexpected event to facing tomorrows needing future. Method: The research design used was quasi experimental i.e one group pre test and post test design. The sample size was 50 1 st year GNM nursing students at Smt Nagarathnamma school of nursing in Bengaluru. The tool develop and selected for the data collection were structured teaching method. The data were collected, analyzed and interpreted. Result:Finding revealed the highest 70% of the students were in age Group of 19-20 years, 56% of the total students were female students, 40% were belongs to Hindu religion, 84% were not having hereditary cardiac disease. For pre test 24% of respondents have inadequate knowledge level, 46% of respondents have moderate knowledge level and 30% of respondents have adequate knowledge level regarding basic life support. For post test 2% of respondents have inadequate knowledge level, 28% of respondents have moderate knowledge level and 70% respondents have adequate knowledge level regarding basic life support. The obtained t- value in the area of general information is 5.30(P= 0.001) regarding the knowledge level on basic life support is 8.22(P= 0.001) and overall value of t is 6.21(P= 0.001) was highly significant. Therefore null hypothesis was rejected. The study finding reveal that there was highly significant enhancement in knowledge level after structured teaching programme among basic life support students. Conclusion: This chapter gives a summary of the study salient features, implications and recommendations of nursing practice, nursing education and nursing research also gives addition to the limitation of the study.
MYELOPROLIFERATIVE HYPEREOSINOPHILIC SYNDROME A RARE CAUSE OF DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY WITH A REVIEW
Authors:   MBBS, MD, Senior Resident, VAMC & Rohilkhand Hospital Banthra, Shahjahapur, Up- India., Raja Hasnain , Islam Khan Ziaul ,   MBBS, MD, Senior Resident, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, Up- India., Ali Gazanfar ,   MBBS, MD, Professor, VAMC & Rohilkhand Hospital Banthra, Shahjahapur, Up- India., Saghir Ghazanfar ,   MBBS, Post Graduate Scholar, VAMC & Rohilkhand Hospital Banthra, Shahjahapur, Up- India., Anwar Kayenat ,   MBBS, DNB, Post Graduate Scholar, Suri Sadar Hospital Birbhum, West Bengal- India.
Published: January 2024

Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is aheterogenous group of rare haematological disorders, the majority of which are idiopathic. Cardiac manifestations of HES are rare and the myeloproliferative HES (M-HES) is very rare. Eosinophilic myocarditis and endomyocardial fibrosis are a typical course of morbidity and mortality in hypereosinophilic syndrome. We present a case of idiopathic eosinophilia who presented with dyspnea, abdominal distention and edema with peripheral eosinophilia (82%) in a complete blood count test done before presentation to us. Echocardiography showed enlarged cardiac chambers, global hypokinesia,moderate to severe tricuspid regurgitation, with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction <40% suggestive of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Parasitic disease, autoimmune disease and drug induced cardiomyopathy were excluded as possibilities. He was treated with steroids, imatinib, and anti failure therapy. Cardiac function improved with therapy and the eosinophilic count reduced. Monitoring chest radiography and electrocardiogram and echocardiography according to fluctuations in eosinophils may enable early detection and treatment of cardiac involvement in patients with HES.