bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Video Cooking Class Berbasis Daun Kelor untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Proses Sains Anak
Authors: Martha Dewi , Mayar Farida
Published: March 2024

Pengembangan kognitif anak diarahkan pada beberapa pengembangan salah satunya sains. Saat observasi ke lapangan peneliti menemukan permasalahan rendahnya keterampilan proses sains anak, ini dikarenakan keterbatasan media untuk menstimulasi keterampilan proses sains. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan video pembelajaran cooking class berbasis daun kelor untuk meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains anak usia dini. Metodologi penelitian ini hasil modifikasi model pengembangan dari Borg and Gall, Gall dengan 9 tahapan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, lembar observasi dan angket respon guru. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian berupa uji validasi media mendapatkan nilai persentase sembilan puluh enam persen dengan kriteria kelayakan sangat valid. Hasil angket respon guru menunjukkan persentase tujuh puluh satu persen dengan kriteria praktis. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan pengembangan video pembelajaran cooking class berbasis daun kelor efektif untuk meningkatkan meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains anak secara signifikan.
Implementasi Perkembangan Bahasa Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun melalui Metode Bercerita
Authors: Fajari Fathonah Wahyu Utaminingtyas , Zulkarnaen Zulkarnaen
Published: March 2024

Pendidikan prasekolah adalah periode kritis dalam perkembangan bahasa anak-anak. Salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan perkembangan bahasa anak usia 5-6 tahun adalah metode bercerita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi implementasi perkembangan berbahasa anak usia 5-6 tahun melalui metode bercerita dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian dilakukan di Taman Kanak-Kanak ’Aisiyah Ngaru-Aru Kecamatan Banyudono Kabupaten Boyolali. Subjek penelitian adalah guru dan siswa. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, analisis isi, dan temuan-temuan yang mendukung hasil penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode bercerita dapat meningkatkan perkembangan bahasa anak usia 4-6 tahun. Ditegaskan juga bahwa pentingnya integrasi metode bercerita dalam pendidikan prasekolah sebagai alat yang efektif untuk memperluas kosakata, meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara, dan mempromosikan hubungan komunikasi yang baik antara anak-anak dan orang tua atau guru.
Bagaimana Proses Belajar Berwirausaha dan Budaya pada Anak Usia Dini?
Authors: Vernia Dellia Mila , Suprapto Hugo Aries , Sumadyo Bambang , Nurdin Nurdin , Widiyarto Sigit
Published: March 2024

Kewirausahaan menjadi bahasan penting manakala ingin berbicara tentang kemajuan ekonomi bangsa. Beberapa aspek perlu disiapkan, termasuk pengenalan kewirusahaan berbasis budaya terhadap anak usia dini dalam pendidikan anak usia dini (PAUD). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses pembelajaran kewirausahaan berbasis budaya di PAUD dan mengetahui bagaimana budaya dapat diperkenalkan kepada siswa di PAUD. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif. Responden terdiri dari kepala sekolah, guru dan orang tua murid. Pengambilan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Instrumen digunakan adalah instrument wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pembelajaran pengenalan kewirausahaan tidak dapat dipaksa, melainkan menggunakan metode bermain beserta metode dan program yang terfokus pada kewirusahaan. Pengenalan budaya dapat dilakukan dengan memberikan berbagai macam produk yang dapat dijual, seperti makanan tradisional Indonesia. Budaya tidak hanya berkaitan dengan makanan tradisional, namun mencakup, tradisi,adat istiadat, baju daerah , lagu daerah serta cerita rakyat. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah perlu pembuatan kurikulum yang baku dan adaptif bagi pembelajaran anak usia dini.
Urgensi Kecerdasan Spiritual dalam Pencegahan Stres Pendekatan Bimbingan dan Konseling
Authors: Haryanto Sri
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi peran kecerdasan spiritual dalam mencegah dan mengelola stres, dengan pendektan pendekatan bimbingan dan konseling. Kecerdasan spiritual didefinisikan sebagai kemampuan untuk mencari makna dan tujuan hidup, serta memperoleh ketenangan dalam menghadapi tantangan kehidupan. Pendekatan ini mengintegrasikan dimensi spiritualitas dalam proses konseling untuk membantu individu mengatasi stres secara efektif. Kecerdasan spiritual, yang merujuk pada kemampuan seseorang untuk menghadapi masalah hidup dengan pemahaman mendalam tentang nilai dan makna, ditemukan sebagai faktor yang berkontribusi pada pengurangan tingkat stres. Artikel ini menyajikan tinjauan literatur tentang konsep kecerdasan spiritual, dampak stres pada kesejahteraan mental dan fisik, serta peran bimbingan dan konseling dalam memperkuat kecerdasan spiritual dan mengurangi stres. Pendekatan praktis untuk mengintegrasikan kecerdasan spiritual dalam praktik konseling juga dibahas, termasuk teknik-teknik seperti meditasi, refleksi diri, dan praktik-praktik spiritual lainnya. Melalui pemahaman yang mendalam tentang kecerdasan spiritual, konselor dapat membantu individu menemukan kedamaian dalam diri mereka sendiri, mengatasi stres, dan membangun kesejahteraan holistik. Hasil studi menunjukkan pemahaman yang mendalam tentang kecerdasan spiritual dapat menjadi landasan penting dalam pencegahan dan penanganan stres secara holistik.
Meningkatkan Keterampilan Motorik Halus Anak Usia Dini melalui Permainan Eduktif Puzzle
Authors: Ahmadin Ahmadin , Hendra Hendra , Lukman Lukman , Annafi Nurfidianty , Muslim Muslim
Published: March 2024

Keterampilan motorik halus sangat penting bagi perkembangan Anak Usia Dini. Cara untuk mengembangkan keterampilan motorik halus pada Anak Usia Dini salah satunya adalah melalui permainan edukatif, salah satunya adalah puzzle. Permainan ini dapat mengasah perkembangan mototik halus pada anak. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari kegunaan mainan edukatif khususnya puzzle terhadap perkembangan keterampilan motorik halus Anak Usia Dini. Metode penelitian ini penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Populasi penelitian ini terdiri dari 15 anak di TK Al-Mahasin Kota Bima. Cara mengumpulkan data melalui observasi. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa permainan puzzle pada Anak Usia Dini di TK Al-Mahasin Kota Bima sesuai langkah-langkah yang sudah ditetapkan dengan kriteria Baik. Aktivitas anak saat mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran pengembangan aspek motorik halus dalam dalam kegiatan meniru bentuk mengalami peningkatan dengan mencapai kriteria Seluruhnya Aktif, begitu juga dengan kreativitas anak saat mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran mengalami peningkatan dengan mencapai kriteria Seluruhnya Kreatif sehingga hasil pengembangan aspek motorik halus mengalami perkembangan dengan kriteria seluruhnya berkembang.
Revealing the Essence of Cinema: A Philosophical Inquiry into Paulo Sorrentino's The Hand of God
Authors: Yılmaz Erdinç
Published: March 2024

Several philosophers, academicians and film-makers have contributed to the long-debated subject of what cinema is. The majority of the answers include the relationship between cinema and reality. Some correlate reality with the physical circumstances of an object and others emphasize the importance of human experience. Whatever the answer is, cinema is rooted in human existence. Therefore, while replying to the question of what cinema is, it is crucial to acknowledge the humanistic essence. Paolo Sorrentino’s highly personal film, The Hand of God (2021) questions the ontology of cinema by positioning the film-maker as a creator at its core. Through its plot, dialogues and cinematography, the film debates about what cinema is and who a director is. Hence, The Hand of God links the ontology of cinema to the presence of a creator blinking an eye to auteurism. This paper aims to analyze The Hand of God utilizing Bazin’s and Cavell’s insights on the ontology of moving image by using the hermeneutic analysis method. As a result of the analysis, it has been observed that the film gives central importance to the film-maker as a creator of emotions, thought and life experiences.
Modern aspects of vagus-induced gastroprotection and ulcerogenesis in gastric and duodenal ulcers
Authors: Yusupov F. A. , Yuldashev A. A.
Published: March 2024

The vagus nerve is an essential connection between the body and the brain that controls vital aspects of autonomic physiology such as respiration, heart rate, blood pressure and intestinal motility, reflexes such as coughing and swallowing, and survival behaviors such as eating, drinking and response to nausea. The stomach has a complex nervous apparatus. The innervation of the stomach is provided by both the somatic and the autonomic nervous system. The stomach receives innervation from the vagus nerve and derivatives of the celiac plexus (superior mesenteric, gastric, splenic, hepatic). The vagus nerve has the greatest influence on the work of the stomach and intestines. The vagus nerve is the longest splanchnic nerve, literally wandering throughout the body. The vagus nerves play a dominant role in stimulating gastric secretion. The basal or continuous secretion of gastric juice in normal humans is entirely due to tonic impulses in the vagus nerves. The purpose of our review was to identify the pathogenetic role of the vagus nerve in gastric and duodenal ulcers.
Gastric accommodation: pathogenetic role and clinical significance
Authors: Shklyaev A. E.
Published: March 2024

The article presents a literature review of modern Russian and foreign publications devoted to the study of gastric accommodation. It has been shown that accommodation of the proximal stomach plays an important role in its adaptation to food intake. This process is carried out in two stages with the participation of parasympathetic and paracrine regulation; the effects of nutrients when they enter the duodenum also play an important role. Methods for assessing gastric accommodation include gastric barostat, gastric scintigraphy with food load, drinking tests, single-photon emission computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound examination of the stomach, intragastric manometry. Violation of gastric accommodation leads to an excessive increase in intragastric pressure and the occurrence of symptoms most often found in functional dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux disease and diabetic gastropathy. Approaches to the treatment of gastric accommodation disorders are at the development stage, the possibilities of diet therapy, pharmacological and non-drug correction are being discussed.
COVID-19 liver damage. Features of laboratory and instrumental diagnostics
Authors: Tarasenko S. V. , Glotov D. A. , Peskov O. D. , Sokolova S. N. , Zhuchkova U. V. , Rakhmaev T. S. , Bakonina I. V. , Bogomolov A. Yu. , Tyulenev D. O. , Brovkina S. N. , Bykova S. G.
Published: March 2024

The aim of the study - to analyze the pathogenesis of liver damage in COVID-19, as well as to study the features of diagnosis. Research materials: literature and own data on the peculiarities of the pathogenesis of liver damage were analyzed, as well as an assessment of laboratory and instrumental diagnostics in patients with COVID-19. The results of the research. In patients, liver damage was manifested by an increase in liver enzymes, as well as a diffuse decrease in its density during CT. The severity of the disease is caused by a cytokine storm caused by a dysfunctional immune response to the virus, viral virulence factors, as well as the presence of concomitant diseases, especially those associated with liver pathology, such as cirrhosis or steatosis. Conclusions. The new COVID-19 coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread worldwide. The main target is the organs of the respiratory system. However, among the patients with COVID-19, there were lesions of the central nervous system, intestines, myocardium and liver. Liver dysfunction in most cases should be considered as a result of secondary damage due to CVD, ARDS, hypoxia, multiple organ failure, exposure to immune factors, and taking hepatotoxic drugs.
Obesity provokes the development of bronchopulmonary pathology and aggravates its course
Authors: Pashentseva A. V. , Shvan L. Yu. , Gubareva I. V. , Supornik G. V.
Published: March 2024

The increase in the prevalence of obesity in recent decades is an urgent medical and social problem for all countries, increasing the cost of medical care and worsening the quality of life of patients. Obesity is an independent risk factor for the development of a number of chronic non-infectious diseases, including respiratory diseases. The presence of excess body weight not only provokes the development of bronchopulmonary pathology, but also aggravates its course. The article discusses the mechanisms of the impact of obesity on the pathogenesis of diseases such as bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and coronavirus infection.
Experience of using a probiotic containing Lactobacillus reuteri B-9448 in children with acute infectious gastroenteritis
Authors: Gorbunov S. G. , Gonchar N. V. , Bitsueva A. V.
Published: March 2024

The article presents literature data on the relationship of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract with its microbiota in acute intestinal infections, as well as information on various beneficial properties of the probiotic microorganism Lactobacillus reuteri, including antagonistic effects on pathogenic and opportunistic pathogens, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. The clinical and laboratory effectiveness of the use of a probiotic containing the Lactobacillus reuteri B-9448 strain in children with acute infectious gastroenteritis hospitalized. It was found that patients who received this probiotic in complex therapy spent significantly fewer bed days in the hospital compared to children who were not prescribed probiotic. At the same time, no undesirable side effects were registered in the group of patients treated with Lactobacillus reuteri B-9448, which indicates its safety.
Protein-Losing Enteropathy after Fontan Operation: A Clinical Case Description
Authors: Kamilova A. T. , Usmanova K. Sh. , Ubayxodjayeva X. T.
Published: March 2024

The clinical observation of a boy with protein-losing enteropathy after the Fontan operation is presented. The boy, S.M., 2 years old, was admitted with complaints of abdominal pain, bloating, enlarged abdomen, frequent watery stools, and peripheral edema in the arms and legs. The child was diagnosed with a congenital heart defect at birth, for which Fontan surgery was performed. One month later, diarrhea and swelling appeared on the face, arms, and legs. Edema was temporarily relieved by symptomatic therapy. At the age of 2, the child was hospitalized in the gastroenterology department of our center. Examinations revealed low levels of total protein and albumin, and an increase in alpha-1 antitrypsin values. The diagnosis of protein-losing enteropathy after the Fontan operation was established. The child was prescribed a diet enriched with medium-chain triglycerides, spironolactone, and prednisolone. After 6 months of follow-up, no edema was observed, and the child’s overall condition was satisfactory. However, over the past year until the present, the boy has experienced slight swelling in the arms, legs, and face, requiring periodic albumin transfusions. Fontan operation and protein-losing enteropathy represent different aspects of medicine; however, sometimes one diagnosis becomes a consequence of another. As a collective of authors, we conducted the research, processed the data, obtained results, and we believe that we are correct. We affirm that the responsibility for the results and activity in writing the material remains with the authors.
Exploring Bodily Sensation Maps of Emotions for Physiological Correlates A Narrative Review
Authors: de Carvalho Ricardo Ramos , de Mello Claudia Berlim , Melo Mariana Cardoso , Leite José Roberto
Published: March 2024

Research on the subjective perception of emotions, based on bodily sensation maps (BSMs) indicating increased or decreased perceived physiological activity through interoception, has found distinctive bodily topographies for each emotion. Analysis of these BSMs reveals - based on 11 papers - that the regions of the head, chest, and throat are consistently perceived with increased activity across all emotions. However, the throat's role in the emotional process has been less explored. This review focuses on the throat region, housing the hyoid bone and its associated muscles, suggesting these structures may serve as a physiological basis for subjective reports. Essentially, the sensations associated with increased activity in throat regions could result from the activity of these muscles and hyoid’s movement. Considering the important role these muscles play, some directly linked to emotional responses, such as respiration, vocalization, and influence on body posture, they could offer a potential pathway for emotional regulation.
Quo Vadis, Planning?
Authors: Pesnot Lerousseau Jacques , Summerfield Christopher
Published: March 2024

Deep meta-learning is the driving force behind advances in contemporary AI research, and a promising theory of flexible cognition in natural intelligence. We agree with Binz et al. that many supposedly “model-based” behaviours may be better explained by meta-learning than by classical models. We argue that this invites us to revisit our neural theories of problem solving and goal-directed planning.
Semantic and morphophonological productivity of Kîîtharaka gender system
Authors: Kanampiu Patrick , Martin Alexander , Culbertson Jennifer
Published: March 2024

Nominal classification systems are characterized by diverse and sometimes complexgender assignment rules that interact in dynamic ways. The specifics of how gender assignmentworks can vary widely from language to language. Nominal classification systems of Bantulanguages in particular have been the subject of long-standing debate. Traditional accounts ofgender assignment are based principally on abstract semantic features which have been found tobe unreliable in at least some present-day Bantu languages. Such analyses, in addition to relyingon arbitrary sets of semantic features, are problematic, since they provide no clear definition ofwhat it means for a particular feature to be productive. Here we follow a more recent approach,using corpus data to evaluate productivity. We compiled a corpus of 2,327 Kîîtharaka nouns,each coded for a set of semantic and morphophonological features. We then used the TolerancePrinciple (Yang, 2016) to measure the predicted productivity of each feature. Our resultsindicate that morphophonological features are highly productive in Kîîtharaka. However, of thetested semantic features, relatively few were predicted to be productive, including Human, andsome evaluative features (Augmentative, Pejorative, Diminutive). The feature Human is infact only productive for a specific subset of nouns, indicating a possible interaction betweenfeatures. We discuss why this might be, and highlight the implications of this approach forKîîtharaka, and for the study of gender assignment in Bantu more broadly.
Electrocortical responses in anticipation of avoidable and inevitable threats: a multisite study
Authors: Stegmann Yannik , Teigeler Janna , Mirifar Arash , Keil Andreas , Gamer Matthias
Published: March 2024

When faced with danger, human beings respond with a repertoire of defensive behaviors, including freezing and active avoidance. Previous research has revealed a pattern of physiological responses, characterized by heart rate bradycardia, reduced visual exploration, and heightened sympathetic arousal in reaction to avoidable threats, suggesting a state of attentive immobility in humans. However, the electrocortical underpinnings of these behaviors remain largely unexplored. To investigate the visuocortical components of attentive immobility, we recorded occipital alpha activity, along with eye-movements and autonomic responses, while participants awaited either an avoidable, inevitable, or no threat. To test the robustness and generalizability of our findings, we collected data from a total of 101 participants at two laboratories. Across sites, we observed an enhanced suppression of occipital alpha activity during avoidable threats, in contrast to inevitable or no threat trials, particularly towards the end of the trial that prompted avoidance responses. This response pattern coincided with heart rate bradycardia, centralization of gaze and increased sympathetic arousal. Furthermore, our findings expand on previous research by revealing that the amount of alpha suppression, along with centralization of gaze, and heart rate changes, predict the speed of motor response times. Collectively, these findings indicate that when individuals encounter avoidable threats, they enter a state of attentive immobility, which enhances perceptual processing and facilitates action preparation. This state appears to reflect freezing-like behavior in humans.
Validation of Hamdan Intelligence Scale in Upper Primary Grades Using the Rasch Model
Authors: Alabbasi Ahmed M. Abdulla
Published: March 2024

Hamdan Intelligence Scale (HIS) is the first intelligence scale that is developed and normed in United Arab Emirates. This study aimed to examine the refinement, validity and reliability of HIS in upper primary grades using rasch model. A total of 4301 students (34.3% Male; 65.7% Female) from grade 4 to 6 (32.1% grade 4; 33.7% grade 5; 34.2% grade 6) were administered to the HIS. The confirmatory factor analysis was first conducted to verify the fitness of one-factor model of the HIS. The results of validity showed strong correlation coefficients between the HIS and aurora-g battery (0.83), (0.86) Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM) respectively. Also, the results of the developmental trends demonstrated that raw scores of the HIS increase with age and grade in a relatively constant manner across composite scores. Unidimensionality was confirmed through the infit, and outfit mean squares that were ranged from 0.88 to 1.14 and 0.84 to 1.14, respectively, and low eigenvalues of the first contrast which found to be below 2. Rasch person reliability result of 0.62 was acceptable reliability. The results provided strong support for the validity and reliability of using the Hamdan Intelligence Scale in UAE environment.
Response to Responses: Raising awareness isn’t enough: The role of the psychology of education in disability-related justice and inclusion in primary classrooms
Authors: Jones Sian E
Published: March 2024

This is the closing response in reply to the responses that were written in response to https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/f4dz6
Prevalence of Mild to Moderate Mental Illness, Correlates of Treatment Patterns, and Perceived Unmet Need among U.S. Adults: Results from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021.
Authors: Forman-Hoffman Valerie L , Flom Megan , WIlliams Andre , Mariano Timothy
Published: March 2024

BackgroundMental health issues continue to affect millions despite the availability of evidence-based treatment. The burden of illness and associated characteristics of mild to moderate mental illness (MMMI) among U.S. adults has not been reported in the peer-reviewed literature to date. MethodsAnalyses of the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) conducted across the U.S. allowed for the estimation of the prevalence and correlates of MMMI as well as of the overall and virtual treatment landscape, perceived unmet need, and barriers to care.FindingsNearly 44 million U.S. adults (17.2%), about 1 in 6, are estimated to have past-year MMMI, of whom 41.3% report mental health treatment receipt. Over 62% of those who received mental health treatment did so virtually.InterpretationThis study is the first of its kind to report nationally representative estimates and correlates of MMMI among U.S. adults. Despite the widespread use of virtual services when accessing mental health treatment, findings suggest the need for access to low-cost, easily accessible, on-demand mental health services to better serve adults with MMMI.
Ebola Distribution Prediction in Africa
Authors: Zhang Qian
Published: March 2024

Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is a deadly illness with a fatality rate around 50%, which can spike to 90% during outbreaks. First identified in 1976 near the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo, EVD has caused sporadic but devastating outbreaks. The recent epidemic in West Africa is the most significant yet, affecting Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia the most due to their weak healthcare systems. This situation has highlighted the need for better global health security and international cooperation to manage such diseases. Our paper focuses on these three countries to analyze the outbreak and response strategies, aiming to offer insights into improving healthcare systems and responses to EVD and similar diseases worldwide. By doing so, we hope to influence future policies and interventions for better managing infectious disease outbreaks.
Association between dietary diversity and complications during pregnancy in a South-West District of Bangladesh
Authors:   Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh., Zaman Sabrina , Ahammed Tamsel ,   Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh., Bashar Md. Abu ,   Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh.
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Poor dietary diversity is one of the key factors that increases the rate of complications during pregnancy. Pregnancy complications significantly increase the risk of maternal mortality. The aim of this study was to explore the associated factors between dietary diversity and complications during pregnancy. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 450 randomly selected pregnant women. Individual dietary diversity score (IDDS) was used to assess dietary diversity based on Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). IDDS was derived from 24-hour recalls from nine food groups. Results: Most of the pregnant women (48.9%) included in this study were in their second trimester; 19.3% and 31.8% were in first trimester and third trimester, respectively. About 83.8% of respondents included in this study experienced pregnancy complications. According to IDDS, most participants (77.1%) consumed a medium-diversified diet. Only 4.4% and 18.4% of pregnant women had low and highly diversified dietary intakes, respectively. Mean IDDS was 5.62±0.93, which indicated medium diversity of dietary intake. Dietary diversity had a statistically significant correlation with age (p=0.003), monthly income (p=0.003), education level (p=0.001), and respondent’s employment (p=0.004). The study exposed that pregnancy complications had a negative correlation with food diversity (r=-0.223), marriage age (r=-0.066), and education level (r=-0.163). Conclusion: The study concluded that pregnancy complications can be alleviated by improving dietary diversity practices during pregnancy.
EARNING MANAGEMENT: THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL STABILITY, EXTERNAL MONITORING MECHANISM, OPPORTUNISTIC BEHAVIOR, AND INEFFECTIVE MONITORING
Authors: Ferdini Novegia , Mela Nanda Fito , Nur DP Emrinaldi
Published: March 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of financial stability as measured by changes in assets (ACHANGE), external monitoring mechanism (DAR) and opportunistic behavior (FCF) on earnings management. The addition of the ineffective monitoring variable as measured by the proportion of independent commissioners (BDOUT) is intended to determine whether this variable is able to moderate the effect of each variable. The research sample used is the financial data of companies belonging to the non-cyclical consumer sector. Observations were made for 2016-2020 accounting period based on purposive sampling method. The data that has been collected is then processed by using an application namely SPSS version 25. Based on the test, it was found that financial stability and external monitoring mechanisms have a positive effect on earnings management, opportunistic behavior has a negative effect and ineffective monitoring cannot be a moderating variable.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN KINERJA KEUANGAN RISK-BASED BANK RATING PADA BANK UMUM SYARIAH DAN BANK UMUM KONVENSIONAL DI INDONESIA PERIODE 2016-2020
Authors: Hustilah Niken , Yudi Yudi , Hernando Riski
Published: March 2024

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the financial performance and soundness of Islamic Commercial Banks and Conventional Commercial Banks using the RBBR (Risk Based-Bank Rating) method with aspects of Risk Profile (NPL/NPF, and LDR/FDR), Good Corporate Governance (GCG), Earnings (ROA, ROE, and BOPO), and Capital (CAR). This research is a comparative quantitative study that was analyzed using the Independent Sample T-Test and Mann Whitney. The results of this study show that there are significant differences in the financial performance of Islamic Commercial Banks and Conventional Commercial Banks in terms of the NPL/NPF ratio, while for the ratio of LDR/FDR, GCG, ROA, ROE, BOPO, and CAR there is no significant difference in the financial performance of Islamic Commercial Banks and Conventional Commercial Banks. The soundness level of Islamic commercial banks is in a better condition than conventional commercial banks in the ratio of LDR/FDR, while the NPL/NPF, ROA, ROE, and BOPO ratios of conventional commercial banks are in better condition than Islamic commercial banks. GCG Aspect and CAR are in the same good health condition as Islamic Commercial Banks and Conventional Commercial Banks
PENGARUH AUDITOR SWITCHING, PROFITABILITAS, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, DAN OPINI AUDIT TERHADAP AUDIT REPORT LAG
Authors: Rezi Rezi , Indrawati Novita , Azhar L Al
Published: March 2024

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of auditor switching, profitability, firm size, and audit opinion on audit report lag. The population of this study is the property & real estate sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2019. The sampling method used purposive sampling method, the research sample obtained was 31 data with 4 years of observation. The tool used to analyze is multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis testing with t test. The results of this study indicate that the results of this study found that auditor switching, profitability, firm size, and audit opinion have an effect on audit report lag.
Asymmetrical and Symmetrical Relationship between Financial Sector Development and Economic Growth: Evidence From Nepal
Authors: Gajurel Ram Prasad , Adhikari Padma Kumar , Lamichhane Kul Prasad , Niroula Anil , Humagain Seema , Niraula Pratishtha
Published: March 2024

The financial sector plays a pivotal role in accumulating and mobilizing funds within the economy, the sector that produces feedback effects for the economic progress of the nation. This paper examines the symmetrical and asymmetrical relationship between financial sector development and economic growth in Nepal. With time series data spanning from 1975 to 2019 AD, both symmetric autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and asymmetric effect ARDL (NARDL) models were employed in this paper. Furthermore, the study applied principal component analysis (PCA) to develop the financial sector development indicator. The findings revealed the pivotal role of financial sector development in driving economic growth in Nepal, although significant negative asymmetrical effects posed challenges to long-term growth. Additionally, alongside financial sector progress, factors—such as inflation and learning by doing—contributed to growth, while trade alone failed to have sufficient potency to spur economic expansion. While financial sector development enhanced Nepal's productive capacity, it was not observed singularly driving trade-led growth. Policymakers must prioritize relaxing policies and funneling resources effectively toward fostering financial sector growth and counteract potential negative impacts on economic development.
Central Bank's Independence and the Golden Rule in Nepal: A Concept Analysis with Dynamic Inconsistency of Monetary Policy
Authors: Pokhrel Aditya , Adhikari Renisha
Published: March 2024

This paper attempts to study the concept analysis of the central bank's independence and the golden rule in Nepal in relation with the dynamic inconsistency of monetary policy. In 2007, an optimal inflation-rate was assessed, which suggested that it would be beneficial for Nepal to establish a range for inflation targets centered around the optimal inflation rate identified through analysis which would grant autonomy to the Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) to ensure price stability. However, concerns have arisen regarding potential political influence on the NRB and fiscal challenges, leading to uncertainties about the country's economic sustainability. The Golden Rule, advocating for balanced budgets, is proposed as a potential solution, but its implementation is complicated by Nepal's unique socio-political context. This research, drawing on economic theories from Kydland, Prescott, Barro, Gordon, and others, delved into the complex relationship between central bank independence, fiscal policy, and consistency in Nepal. The nation's economic path hinges on effectively navigating these complexities to strike a balance between immediate political needs and long-term stability. The concept of dynamic inconsistency underscores the risks associated with prioritizing short-term gains, emphasizing the necessity for strategic decision-making in economic governance. Ultimately, Nepal confronts the challenge of aligning its economic policies to ensure resilience against short-term pressures while promoting enduring long-term stability.
Powodowanie trwałego niebezpieczeństwa dla życia, zdrowia, wolności lub wolności seksualnej innych osób jako warunek orzeczenia kary nieredukowalnego dożywotniego pozbawienia wolności (art. 77 § 4 k.k.)
Authors: Tyburcy Tomasz
Published: March 2024

Ustawa z dnia 7 lipca 2022 r. o zmianie ustawy – Kodeks karny oraz niektórych innych ustaw wprowadziła do Kodeksu karnego możliwość wymierzenia przez sąd kary nieredukowalnego dożywotniego pozbawienia wolności, czyli z zakazem warunkowego przedterminowego zwolnienia (art. 77 § 3 i 4 k.k.). Ustawodawca przewidział dwie podstawy do fakultatywnego orzeczenia kary nieredukowalnego dożywotniego pozbawienia wolności. Pierwsza z nich (art. 77 § 3 k.k.) opiera się na przesłankach formalnych, tj. uprzednim prawomocnym skazaniu za określony rodzaj przestępstwa (przeciwko życiu i zdrowiu, wolności, wolności seksualnej, bezpieczeństwu powszechnemu lub o charakterze terrorystycznym) na karę dożywotniego pozbawienia wolności lub karę pozbawienia wolności na czas nie krótszy niż 20 lat. Natomiast druga podstawa (art. 77 § 4 k.k.) operuje warunkiem materialnym, tj. stwierdzeniem, że pozostawanie sprawcy na wolności spowoduje trwałe niebezpieczeństwo dla życia, zdrowia, wolności lub wolności seksualnej innych osób. Artykuł przedstawia wykładnię przesłanek zastosowania art. 77 § 4 k.k., wskazuje, które dyrektywy wymiaru kary powinny być priorytetowo brane pod uwagę przez sąd podejmujący decyzje o skazaniu z zastosowaniem omawianego przepisu oraz analizuje możliwości zastosowania art. 77 § 4 k.k. przez sąd orzekający karę łączną.
Gwarancje i ograniczenia prawdy w polskim procesie karnym
Authors: Karuga Mateusz , Zgryzek Kazimierz
Published: March 2024

W pracy przedstawiono rozważania dotyczące poszczególnych instytucji prawnych, które z jednej strony umożliwiają dotarcie do prawdy w trakcie postępowania karnego, z drugiej zaś – ograniczają taką możliwość. Ukazano wpływ tych instytucji na możliwości poznawcze organów procesowych, a także celowość istnienia zarówno gwarancji, jak i ograniczeń prawdy w procesie karnym. Prawda jest bowiem jedną z wartości realizowanych przez polski system prawa karnego procesowego, w związku z czym musi ono zapewniać warunki, by można było do niej dotrzeć. Niemniej prawda może wchodzić w konflikt z innymi wartościami wyrażanymi przez polski porządek prawny, dlatego niejednokrotnie musi zostać ograniczona lub wyłączona. Rozważania poświęcono relacjom między prawdą a innymi zasadami procesu karnego, instytucjami prawa dowodowego, postępowaniem odwoławczym i gwarancjami procesowymi. Zarysowano także potencjalne pozaprawne zagrożenia dla możliwości osiągnięcia prawdy.
Podstawa stosowania mechanizmów związanych z redukcją wielości ocen w kontekście zagadnienia wymiaru kary w świetle ostatnich nowelizacji Kodeksu karnego
Authors: Krawczyk Przemysław
Published: March 2024

W artykule omawiana jest problematyka mechanizmów związanych z redukcją wielości ocen w zestawieniu z zagadnieniami dotyczącymi wymiaru kary. Autor przedstawia problemy, które powstały wskutek ostatnich nowelizacji Kodeksu karnego, i próbuje odpowiedzieć na pytanie, jaki wpływ na wymiar kary ma zastosowanie mechanizmów redukcji wielości ocen. Co istotne, okoliczności obciążające i łagodzące, które dodano do ustawy karnej, dodatkowo komplikują sytuację, gdyż zależnie od oceny mogą stanowić znamiona modyfikujące czyny zabronione, co dodatkowo wpłynie na zaostrzenie odpowiedzialności karnej.
Designing Pediatric Nano-formulations Faces a slew of Obstacles: A Review
Authors: Ravi Kaveena26 , Kirubha Hari.C K
Published: March 2024

Nanotechnology is a fine tool for enhancing drug efficiency. Doses and medication development for Pediatric Population still remains a challenge.The clinical experience gained from treating adults is usually used in pediatric therapies.Although science has proven that children's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics differ from adult.When applied to children, innovative technologies (e.g., nanotechnology) are highly challenging to implement. An optimal formulation has to be in an acceptable dose type where the pediatric patients can accommodate. Due to its complicated existence, comparatively few efforts were made, in particular to establish pediatric Nano-medicines primarily to increase the solubility and stability of sparingly water-soluble liquid formulation. Though many researchers focus on developing adult medications, some new researches are been carried to provide precision medicines to the infants.Inspite of some safety issues nanotechnology have commenced an era of Nano-pediatrics. The possible negative consequences and medical benefits in Pediatric communities are correlated with Nano-formulated drug treatment that is distinct from adults. Incentives in adult market rather than children's needs often lead to pediatric strategies. Drug kinetics design and simulation are also explored to create pediatric Nano-formulation. Nano formulations play a major role in handling pediatric infectious disease and cancer.Many studies aimed to furnish precision medicine for challenging diseases, especially liposomes are imparted Nano formulations are used in the treatment of tumors in new-borns. This article reviews the challenges faced in designing Nano-pediatrics and flourishing studies involved in serving pediatric precision medicines.
Study The Effects of 5 Selenocyantouracil Compound on The liver and Kidney of Male Rats After Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Noori Sahar Muayad , Neamah Nadheerah Falih , Al-Jadaan Shaker Abdalsalim
Published: March 2024

Selenium compounds have long been assumed to protect organs against inflammation and cancer development by reducing oxidative stress. Drug-induced liver injury is a common side effect of many medications, with main symptoms ranging from an increase in asymptomatic liver enzymes to liver failure such as acetaminophen (AAP). The main objective of the present work is the protective effect of 5 selenocyantouracil (5SeU) against liver and kidney damage induced by AAP. Fifty male rats were divided into 4 groups consisting:  Group A: rats were given only food and distal water (DW). Group B: rats were treated with acetaminophen (500mg/kg). Group C: rats were given acetaminophen in the preceding dose, and 5SeU (50 mg/kg). Group D: rats were treated with acetaminophen orally at the prior dose, and 5SeU (100mg/kg) orally once daily for 21 days. The results revealed significant differences of liver enzymes, urea and creatinine values at 5SeU treated groups in comparison with AAP group.  Histopathological examinations confirm such results. As a conclusion, 5SeU compound has a protective activity against AAP-induced tissue damage.
The Impact of Clinical Pharmacist Tele-follow-up on Diabetic Patient’s Readmission Due to Reinfection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) in Iraqi Patients
Authors: Faris Kawthar , Besmah M.Ali Ibrahim Besmah M.Ali Ibrahim , Osama Zuhair Salman Osama Zuhair Salman , Zainab Jumaa Qasim Zainab Jumaa Qasim , Oudah Ameer , Ayad Okab Aaya , K.Aldiwan Jawad
Published: March 2024

Abstract
There are many risk factors significantly associated with readmission of diabetic patients after discharge  like surgical site reinfection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus which has been demonstrated to be associated with more amputations, longer hospitalization , increase healthcare costs and increased mortality .This study was to describe the impact of clinical pharmacist tele-follow-up on diabetic patient’s readmission due to reinfection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, rate of referral to inpatients team and, return visits to the emergency department, 203 patients who were randomized into two groups. Group A (interventional group) 103 patients and group B (control group) 100patients who are discharge from hospital after diabetic foot amputation. The primary endpoint was the reduction in the readmission due to reinfection by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, reduce the referral to in patients team and fewer return to the emergency department. there was significant differences between the two groups in rates of readmission, referral to their inpatients team, and return visits to the emergency department with (P-value =0.004,  0.00017 ,and0.002 ) respectively. Conclusion the pharmacist tele-follow-up was associated with decrease in rates of readmission, fewer referrals to in patients team and decrease in return visits to the emergency department.
 
Keywords: pharmacist tele follow-up , diabetic patients , MRSA
Formulation and Evaluation of Idebenone Microemulsion as a Potential Approach for the Transmucosal Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Jaafer Hussein , Al-Kinani Khalid Kadhem
Published: March 2024

Idebenone, a synthetic analogue of ubiquinone (Co-Q10), is used for the treatment of Leiber’s hereditary optic neuropathy. Although it is almost completely absorbed from GIT, its extensive rate of metabolism makes its oral bioavailability less than 1%. This study aims to formulate the poorly water-soluble drug as nanoemulsion (NE) to increase drug solubility as well as transmucosal permeation and circumventing hepatic biodegradation by using transmucosal routes of administration such as intranasal rout to enhance drug bioavailability. Nanoemulsion components were selected through screening of the preferential solubility of IDB in several oils and emulsifying agents and subsequent formulation optimization through screening for their best miscibility through phase study. Lemongrass oil showed superior characteristics to represent the oil phase in which the drug was dissolved while Cremophor EL® and Transcutol-P® represented the surfactant system. The method of spontaneous-emulsification was used to prepare twelve NE formulas (F1-F12) which were subjected to several characterization tests. Out of four successful formulas, F-11 showed the best globule size (45.6nm), PDI (0.19) zeta-potential (-2.8 mV), low viscosity and suitable pH (5.9). Using sheep nasal mucosa as model, (F-11) was subjected to ex-vivo transmucosal permeation study against plain drug oil dispersion with pronounced enhanced permeation due to formulation as NEs. Permeation kinetic parameters were obtained such as permeation rate 40.9 µg/h/cm2, lag time 15min, permeability coefficient 40.9x10-4 cm/h and enhancement ratio 39. The outcome of this study indicates the possibility of incorporation of this formula into a suitable carrier for finalizing its formulation as non-enteral dosage form with enhanced IDB bioavailability.
Modeling β Diversity and Simpson’s Index Using Hyperion Reflectance in Vansda National Park, Gujarat
Authors: D. Vyas
Published: March 2024

Global biodiversity is under threat due to increasing anthropogenic activities. Pressure on biodiversity is immense especially in rapidly developing countries like India.  In the present study, an attempt has been made to establish accurate relationships between Hyperion (EO1) reflectance spectra and measured β diversity index and Simpson’s index of the tropical moist deciduous forest of the study area. Developed accurate models can help in mapping and assessment of diversity at larger spatial scales. The efficiency of statistical modeling techniques including Partial Least Square (PLS) regression and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), is demonstrated in this study (with maximum R2 of 0.74 and 0.73 for PLS and MLR respectively). A vegetation index (SR 1457/933) is introduced for β diversity estimation, yielding exceptional accuracy in model development and validation (with a maximum R2 of 0.63).
Bioacoustics of Sri Lankan Amphibians: a Review of Current Knowledge and Conservation Significance
Authors: De Silva S. , Wijayathilaka N.
Published: March 2024

Acoustic inventory of Sri Lankan amphibians is still in a primitive stage. So far, only 20 amphibian species are known acoustically and are about 16% of the island amphibian fauna. Altogether, twelve publications provide primary acoustic characters, yet the majority of them are not quantitative. Bioacoustics is a powerful tool that can use in many disciplines, including taxonomy and conservation. This work emphasises that the current knowledge on the vocalisation of Sri Lankan amphibians is not adequate and highlighted its applications towards conservation and planning.
A semantic comparison of hari in Sinhala with very in English
Authors: Dr. Tharanga Weerasooriya
Published: March 2024

Interface between scalarity and degree modification of adjectives in natural languages instigates across linguistic analysis of them to examine how they interact with each other within and acrosslanguages. This paper, thus, attempts to conduct a semantic analysis of the Sinhala degree modifiershari and harima in comparison to very in English and addresses the questions; whether harima inSinhala requires a lexical denotation different from hari in Sinhala or very in English, and how we canaccount for the incongruity of hari with closed scale adjectives in Sinhala as opposed to thebehaviour of its counterpart in English. The analysis, while referring to seminal papers on the topic,basically builds on Heim’s (2000) and Kennedy & McNally’s (2005) analysis of degree modifiers andscale structure. In conclusion, given its semantic properties, a different lexical denotation for[[harima]], which is meant to be cross linguistically applicable to “very very” in English, is proposed.