bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METHOD OF DETERMINING THE STRUCTURE OF THE MODEL OF OPTIMAL COMPLEXITY
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, BOYKO N. , BLAZHEVSRYY S. ,   Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University
Published: December 2022

Genetic algorithms belong to the class of heuristic algorithms. They provide a global solution to optimization problems and are a promising area in optimization and modelling. Genetic algorithm development is reproduced in more sophisticated evolutionary methods that use real numbers and statistics. One such method is the Group method of accounting for algorithms. The paper analyzes the principles of genetic algorithms their logic, compares their work with the Group method of argumentation, and explores building bridges. An overview of publications on this issue, which became the impetus for the development of this topic. Genetic algorithms and group argumentation are tools for many applications, but keep in mind that they have limitations: they give only evaluative answers and require little computational time, and you need refined input. Therefore, to improve the approach to implementing existing programs, it is necessary to conduct constant research and comparison. The genetic algorithm and the method of group use of arguments are considered. The principle of operation and construction of genetic algorithms is described. The focus of the process of group use of discussions and its range of algorithms is given. Structurally parametric identification and prediction of the method of group consideration of arguments are used. Self-organizations of models are considered to determine the structure of the model of optimal complexity. The genetic algorithm and group method of viewing statements for similarities and differences are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of research methods are revealed. The task of building a bridge is performed by a genetic algorithm, which is due to its analysis with the Group method of taking into account arguments and proving that the genetic algorithm is the best solution for this task.
PENGARUH MEDIA SMART BOOK TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA
Authors: Mulyani Ai Hani , Suryaningrat Eko Fajar , Pujiasti Dea Sri
Published: December 2022

Masih rendahnya kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa SD dan masih belum optimalnya penggunaan media pembelajaran matematika di SD. Maka salah satu upayanya adalah dengan penggunaan media smart book. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media Smart Book terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika SD dengan pokok bahasan bangun datar yang berfokus pada kemampuan kognitif siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen (pre-eksperimen) dari pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain one group pretest-posttest design. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah Non Probality Sampling yaitu sampling jenuh dengan sampel sebanyak 21 siswa. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SDN Sindanghurip kecamatan Salawu. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes tulis berbentuk essay. Hasil penelitian menunjukan nilai rata-rata pretest =50,79 dan nilai rata-rata posttest =78,50. Hasil perhitungan uji t diperoleh = 11,51 dan = 2,08596, karena nilai = 11,51 diluar daerah penerimaan H₀ maka H₀ ditolak dan H₁ diterima. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan media smart book dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa SD pada materi bangun datar yang berfokus pada kemampuan kognitif siswa tepatnya terhadap siswa kelas V SDN Sindanghurip
ANALISIS PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM KURIKU-LUM 2013 BAGI ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS DI SDLB 01 REJANG LEBONG
Authors: Fitria Zahratul , Sukiman Sukiman , Kirom M Zaidul
Published: December 2022

Abstract:The purpose of the study to analyze a curriculum that is currently used is the 2013 curriculum in Islamic religious education materials where this study focuses on children who have special needs. The research method used in this study is descriptive qualitative research which is conducted at SDLB 01 Rejang Lebong, one educator who as a subject, data collection techniques with interviews, observations and data analysis. The result of this research is that a special curriculum is needed for the subjects of Islamic religious education of children with special needs and there must be simplification in the material and evaluation which in this case must be in accordance with the characteristics of children with special needs in the application of learning models used classical class and one on one class models. Educators in informing learners are certainly needed a patience and varied learning methods can make learners not bored in learning. Keywords: Islamic Religious Learning, Curriculum 2013, Children with Special Needs.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR DAN LINGKUNGAN BELAJAR DI SEKOLAH TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA KELAS V SDN SEKECAMATAN KLIRONG TAHUN AJARAN 2021/2022
Authors: Isnaeni Nur , Susiani Tri Saptuti , Chamdani Muhamad
Published: December 2022

The study aims to analyze correlation of: (1) independence in learning on natural science learning outcomes, (2) learning environment at schools on natural science learning outcomes, and (3) independence in learning and learning environment at schools on natural science learning outcomes to fifth grade students of public elementary schools. It was multiple correlation quantitative method. The population were 725 students with a sample of 312 students who were randomly selected with cluster random sampling technique. The results indicated that: (1) there was positive and significant correlation between independence in learning and natural science learning outcomes (Sig. 0.000 < 0.05) with coefficient value 0.461; (2) there was positive and significant correlation between learning environment at schools and natural science learning outcomes (Sig. 0.000 < 0.05) with coefficient value 0.446; and (3) there was positive and significant correlation between independence in learning and learning environment at schools on natural science learning outcomes (Sig. 0.000 < 0.05) with coefficient value 0.488. It concludes that there is positive and significant correlation of the independence in learning and learning environment at schools on natural science learning outcomes to fifth grade students of public elementary schools.
Effects of locating abattoir to the neighbouring communities in Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: BELLO Nura Isyaku
Published: December 2022

For years, abattoir solid waste disposal in many developing nations has been a major problem. Many abattoirs in Sub-Saharan Africa especially Nigeria deposit their wastes within the immediate locations or dispose them into water bodies which causes effects to the people living close to abattoirs. On the other hand, locating abattoirs in urban center furnishes many advantages to the people therein. Though, the impact of abattoir practice poses threat to the physical and man-made environment. The aim of this study was to determine the environmental as well as socio-economic effects of location of abattoir to the neighbouring people. A mixed method of quantitative and qualitative approach was employed. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to sample 400, 44 and 44 of respondents living proximity to abattoir, traditional head of butchers (Sarakunan-Pawa) and chairman of butchers’ association respectively. Quantitative data were collected from people neighbouring abattoir. While the qualitative data were derived from in-depth interview conducted to traditional heads of butchers (Sarakunan pawa) and Chairman of butchers’ association. This research used statistical tools, frequency count, bar and pie charts for data analysis and presentation. Findings of this research revealed that more than 25% of people living very close to abattoir do not been disturbed by bad odour produced by the abattoir. It is also revealed that there are both positive and negative effects of abattoir set by locating abattoir in an area, but the negative effects outweigh its positive ones. This research concluded that appropriate planning should be put in place to avoid encroaching by people close to abattoir or establish new abattoir close to residential area. And also proper drainage and modern methods of abattoir solid waste management should be designed
„Und das war dann schon immer sehr gruselig“ – Umgang von Jugendlichen mit algorithmischen Empfehlungssystemen und Kompetenzanforderungen in hybriden Lebenswelten
Authors: Schober Maximilian , Cousseran Laura , Lauber Achim , Brüggen Niels
Published: December 2022

Hybride Lebenswelten sind Ergebnis eines fortschreitenden Mediatisierungsprozesses und zunehmend von Angeboten mit algorithmischen Empfehlungssystemen geprägt. Damit verändern sich nicht nur die Rahmenbedingungen und Kompetenzanforderungen für das (Medien-)Handeln von Kindern und Jugendlichen, sondern auch die Anforderungen an theoretische Konzeptionen, die für die empirische Erforschung des Medien- bzw. kommunikativen Handelns herangezogen werden. Vorgestellt wird eine Betrachtungsweise, die sowohl Handlungsziele als auch Kompetenzen der handelnden Person als Momente der Subjektivierung in den Fokus stellt. Mit ausgewählten Fallbeispielen aus einer Studie wird zudem dargestellt, wie davon ausgehend in konkreten Situationen mit spezifischen Kompetenzanforderungen jeweils unterschiedliche Subjektpositionen hervorgebracht werden. Dabei ist angesichts von algorithmischen Empfehlungssystemen insbesondere von Interesse, inwieweit diese als Eingriff in die Selbstbestimmung wahrgenommen werden.
The Condition of Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act: Case Example of IP Estate Precinct, New Delhi
Authors: Kumar Ritesh , Tm Samyu
Published: December 2022

Many studies were done in India specifically suggesting that tobacco addiction has increased. Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act of India, 2012, was made to ban the sale of cigarettes and other tobacco products within 100m of any institution. Proximity and ease of access to such addictive products are one of the main reasons for the increase in tobacco addiction in India. There are still many shops which openly sell cigarettes and tobacco-based products.
Intervention Program to Increase Self-Disclosure in Al-Muhaimin Orphanage Children
Authors: Natasya Shafa , Anggraini Dewi
Published: December 2022

An orphanage is a place for children to have rights that they don't have from their biological parents, as well as a place to communicate, to open up their selves, to get know each other, and also to build a close relationship between them. The purpose of this activity is to find out about self-disclosure to the children of the Al-Muhaimin orphanage. The subjects of this activity are children who live in Al-Muhaimin orphanage, totaling 9 people with ages ranging from 12-18 years. The data collection methods used are observation, interview, focus group discussion, and survey (pre-test) methods. The results of data collection show a lack of self-disclosure in Al-Muhaimin orphanage children. The intervention program used was psychoeducation divided into three sessions (the presentation of the material & question and answer session, filling in the wishing tree, and feedback & post-test). The provision of an intervention program in the form of psychoeducation and the activity of filling the wishing tree proved the effectiveness in increasing the self-disclosure of the children of the Al-Muhaimin Orphanage.
Influence of inbreeding degree on the milk yield efficiency
Authors: Gorelik O. V. , Rebezov M. B. , Kostomakhin N. M. , Kharlap S. Yu. , Belookov A. A. , Belookova O. V. , Kulmakova N. I.
Published: December 2022

The Ural type of the domestic Black-and-White mottled breed of cattle features high rates of milk productivity, good suitability for industrial milking technology, but the productive longevity is 2.4–2.6 lactations only, although in the herds there are livestock of cows with a productive longevity up to 10 lactations. The decline in productive longevity is associated with deterioration of reproductive qualities of the cows. In result of the research it was found that the most resistant to long-term use in conditions of dairy complexes for industrial milk production in pedigree reproducing farms were the cows of the Siling Trajun Rokita line. Their productive period was 4.0 lactations. In other lines, the productive longevity ranged from 1.8 (Pabst Governor’s line) to 2.5 (Montvik Chieftain’s line) lactations. A low fertility rate (less than 0.95) indicates the presence of reproduction problems in the herd. The modern Holsteinized black-and-white mottled cattle, bred in Sverdlovsk region, possess high breeding qualities. The potential of their use is quite high and, despite certain problems with reproduction system, they can produce for a long time in the environmental and forage conditions of the breeding zone.
Sistem Kendali Suhu-Kelembaban Pada Ruangan Budidaya Jamur Berbasis Mikrokontroller
Authors: Turahyo Turahyo , Tombilayuk Lapu
Published: December 2022

Abstrak - Budidaya jamur adalah salah satu budidaya yang mempunyai potensi yang besar  dalam meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat. Pada saat ini permintaan atau kebutuhan dari masyarakat sangat tinggi.  Permasalahan yang ada adalah kesulitan dalam proses budidaya jamur, dan faktor iklim, Pengaturan suhu kelembaban ruangan budidaya jamur yang tidak optimal menjadi salah satu permasalahan yang sering dijumpai dalam budidaya jamur. Dengan adanya sentuhan penerapan teknologi dengan menggunakan peralatan elektronik timer yang dihubungkan dengan alat penyiraman, dapat membantu petani budidaya jamur melakukan pengontrolan suhu dan kelembaban secara optimal. Mikrokontroller dan Real Time Clock DS3231 (RTC)  dalam penelitian ini digunakan sebagai kontrol pengaktifan pompa air untuk mengendalikan suhu dan kelembaban di ruangan budidaya jamur dengan cara melakukan penyiraman air dalam bentuk embun secara berkala.Setelah dilakukan pengujian secara empiris RTC dapat membangkitkan pewaktuan yang dapat diatur berdasarkan program yang dibuat dalam arduino IDE. Sensor suhu dan kelembaban BME280 data pengukurannya di ambil menggunakan  komukasi I2C. Selain itu dengan menggunakan tegangan sebesar 2,5-5 volt pada input modul relay yang digunakan sebagai saklar pengaktifan pompa air dapat menyala dengan baik. Dengan aktifnya pompa air , sprayer yang menggunakan nozzle menghembuskan air dalam bentuk kabut sebagai penstabil suhu dan kelembaban ruangan budidaya jamur. Dalam penelitian ini display P10 dapat menghasilkan tampilan jam dengan ukuran font 6x14, realtime suhu dan kelembaban yang terbagi dalam 2 baris ditampilan dengan ukuran font 5x7. Tampilan jam, suhu, dan kelembaban pada display P10 ditampilkan secara bergantian.Kata kunci: Sistem Kendali, Suhu, Kelembaban, Budidaya jamur, sensor BME280
REINFORCEMENT SISTEM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM PONDOK PESANTREN NURUL UMMAH BANTUL KOTAGEDE YOGYAKARTA
Authors: El Syam Robungun Suyud , Munawaroh Hidayatu
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini berusaha mengungkap bagaimana reinforcement sistem pendidikan Islam di Pondok Pesantren Nurul Ummah, dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian lapangan yang bersifat kualitatif. Sumber data primer mengambil wawancara langsung kemudian dianalisis dengan dukungan dari sumber-sumber sekunder sebagai penjelas. Penelitian menghasilan simpul bahwa  reinforcement sistem pendidikan Islam di Pondok Pesantren Nurul Ummah merupakan kegiatan pesantren itu sendiri dimana penyajian kurikulum yang digunakan di pondok khususnya dalam madrasah diniyah adalah integrated curriculum yang didalamnya sarat dengan nilai-nilai karakter artinya antara materi pelajaran yang satu dengan yang lain mempunyai kaitan langsung dalam pendalaman materi pelajaran. Evaluasi pendidikan karakter yang dilakukan oleh pondok pesantren adalah secara continue yakni setiap tahun menyelenggarakan dua semester. Bentuk evaluasi yang dilaksanakan menekankan pada ujian tertulis yang berupa pilihan ganda dan esay serta ujian lesan untuk mengetes kemampuannya, hasil yang dicapai cukup baik, hal ini dapat dilihat dari nilai akhir dalam raport.
TEOLOGI AL-MA’UN PERSPEKTIF NEUROSAINS: STUDI KASUS DI LKSA PANTI ASUHAN MUHAMMADIYAH WATES
Authors: Winatakina Puspita , Suyadi Suyadi
Published: December 2022

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis teologi al-Ma’un perspektif neurosains yang terjadi di Panti Asuhan Muhammadiyah Wates. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dan penelitian lapangan (field), dengan metode library research. Peneltian ini membahas tentang Teologi Al-Ma’un yang merupakan salah satu pergerakan Muhammadiyah yang di ajarkan KH.Ahmad Dahlan yang diterjemahkan menjadi tiga pilar, yaitu pendidikan (Schooling), kesehatan (healing), dan  Pelayanan sosial( feeding).  Dari situ di perlukan konsep akal pikiran atau  qalb, dan ruh dalam  mewujudkan teologi al-Ma’un tersebut. Sebab secara neurosains konsep meetafisik dari otak yang akan mengoptimalkan barbagai potensi manusia. Neuroscience juga mengkaji kesadaran dan  kepekaan otak dalam hal biologi, persepsi, memori, dan hubungannya dengan pembelajaran. Pembelajaran keagamaan yang dilakukan secara berulang-ulang di LKSA Panti Asuhan Muhammadiyah ini menjadikan otak akan bekerja lebih mudah, hal itu terjadi karena otak sudah tahu dari keranjang mana saja data yang berkaitan dengan pelajaran tersebut harus diambil sehingga dapat memahami suatu pengetahuan secara utuh bahkan sampai di titik jenuh.
MEDIATISASI HUBUNGAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM KELUARGA PADA ERA DIGITAL (PERSPEKTIF AL-QURAN SURAT LUQMAN AYAT 12-19)
Authors: Sari Dwi Wulan
Published: December 2022

Technological advances that continue to develop have a negative and positive affect on the world of Islamic education in the family. Previously, conversations could only be done person to person, but now it can be done online. As a result, families have to race against the media, which is difficult to control. The methods the authors used in this research is qualitative through a literature study research model that uses research data sources from documents in the form of books, scientific articles, reviews or previous research results. The study of Luqman's letter verses 12-19 was carried out as a way to sharpen the discussion regarding the relationship between Islamic education and the role of the family in facing the digital era. Based on Luqman's letter, verses 12-19, there are several values ​​of Islamic education that need to be applied in the digital era, namely: monotheism, morality, worship (ubudiyah), social, mental and exemplary. The steps for planting education include; First, the cultivation of faith or faith education. Second, religious education such as prayer, fasting and reading the Koran. Third, moral education. The development of the digital era still places parents as the main actors in providing Islamic education in the family. The development of the digital era requires parents to consistently maintain their children's nature, instill faith, straighten and motivate children, and provide good information. So, no matter how strong the current, the child will remain strong and not fall into bad things.
PENDIDIKAN HOLISTIK DALAM PERSPEKTIF HADIST
Authors: Hidayat Taufik , Zakiyah Nur , Dillah Ibnu Ubay , Lessy Zulkipli
Published: December 2022

Melihat konsep pendidikan Islam yang saat ini dalam implentasinya yang sedemikian diharapkan kurang baik. Maka perlunya evaluasi dan pembenahan dalam setiap penyelenggaraan pendidikan. Salah satu upaya yang diharapakan dalam setiap terobosan adalah pembenahan pela pembelajaran PAI, dengan pendidikan holistik. Jika bicara holistik maka Islam mendefenisikannya dengan Kaffah yang artinya menyeluruh. Yang demikian menjadi salah satu upnya pendidikan nasional dalam membangun pendidikan holistik. UU Sisdiknas nomor 20 tahun 2003 pasal 3 yang berisi atas perintah pada setiap pendidik dalam menyelenggarakan pembelajaran maka dengan pendidikan holistik sebagai upaya dalam membangun perkembangan potensi pada diri peserta didik. Agar mereka bukan hanya menguasai aspek kognitif atau akademik. Yang demikian dipaparkan didalam al –qur’an  Surah Al-Baqarah ayat 208. Rasulullah SAW juga sebagai pendidik yang holistik dan ideal dapat dilihat kesungguhan sahabat dalam menuntut ilmu serta budi pekerti yang baik di zaman itu. Dengan ini peneliti menggunakan penelitian  (library research), dengan mengumpulkan segala data dan mengambil berbagai data dan sumber dari jurnal maupun buku yang berkaitan dengan Pendidikan Holistik dalam perspektif Hadis. Secara sederhana pendidikan holistik demikian sebagai bentuk mengembangkan segala potensi peserta didik meliputi, intelektual, emosional, sosial, spritual, kreativitas, serta fisik.
French sinology development (13‒21 centuries): historical aspect
Authors: Chubina Tetiana , Fedorenko Yanina , Kryshtal Alina
Published: December 2022

French sinology takes a special place in the history of the sinological studies development. It was France that became the first country where the transformation of missionary sinology, which was common among a limited circle of researchers (mainly in a religious sphere), into the academic scientific discipline, which had already been taught and studied at a professional level in academic institutions, occurred. The Parisian type of sinology used to dominate the entire world for a long time, including such powerful centers of Chinese studies as Germany, Great Britain, the USA, and China itself. The conducted historiographical analysis of the topic allows pointing out the insufficient coverage by the local researchers of the evolution of French sinology historical development as a whole process that had lasted for almost 800 years. This fact prompted the authors to reveal the mentioned topic. The purpose of the article is to investigate the historical development of French sinology during the 13th–21st centuries. In the course of the work, both general scientific methods and special ones were used, among which the priority was given to historical, chronological and problem-thematic methods. The analytical method and methods of grouping and typology were also applied, that made it possible to present the material in a logically complete manner. In order to form a complete picture of sinology development in France, the authors singled out and analyzed three historical periods covering the entire history of Chinese studies development, starting from its birth and flourishment to the process of stagnation. Thus, within the time limits of the first period, the process a peculiar scientific base of knowledge about China accumulating, as well as the development of missionary sinology, was investigated, and it was proved that it became a kind of bridge between the protosinological stage and academic sinology, which secularized the achievements of its predecessors in the 19th century and turned into a scientific academic discipline. Within the time limits of the second period, the scientific achievements of a whole galaxy of French scholars were analyzed, namely, Edouard Chavannes, Marcel Granet, Henri Paul Gaston Maspero, and others, and it was concluded that the Sinological school in France was at the peak of its development, and the views of its representatives gained priority among sinologists all over the world. Regarding the third period, the authors express the opinion that modern French sinology has lost its leading position in the scientific world, and the search for the latest methodological approaches and methods (primarily multidisciplinary with the use of digital technologies) is primarily an attempt to achieve parity with the leading centers of Chinese studies. Factual research material can be used for further study of the history of sinology development, as well as for writing generalising papers on Chinese studies, reading lecture courses, special courses and special seminars.
Science and comics: from popularization to the discipline of Comics Studies
Authors: Hudoshnyk Oksana , Krupskyi Oleksandr P.
Published: December 2022

Modern scientific communication traditionally uses visual narratives, such as comics, for education, presentation of scientific achievements to a mass audience, and as an object of research. The article offers a three-level characterization of the interaction of comic culture and science in a diachronic aspect. Attention is focused not only on the chronological stages of these intersections, the expression of the specifics of the interaction is offered against the background of scientific and public discussions that accompany the comics–science dialogue to this day. Within the framework of the first stage (the appearance and distribution of popular science and educational comics), the characteristics of comics content necessary for the different genesis are highlighted: documentary storytelling, educational practices of learning through drawing, active cooperation with well-known companies and institutions, informativeness and empathic involvement of the young reader in a heroico-romantic narrative of scientific discoveries and mastering nature. With the intensification of interdisciplinary approaches (the second stage), comics are increasingly involved in presenting scientific results within the most diverse fields. Comics-based research is becoming an interdisciplinary method and a widespread practical area with the corresponding formation of scientific tools (applied comics, data comics), forms of interdisciplinary interaction (graphic medicine, ethnography, narrative geography, urban comics, comics journalism, etc.), and scientific publications (“The Comics Grid: Journal of Comics Scholarship”, “Sequentials”). The national format of comics-based research is presented on the example of Ukrainian comics projects (historical, feminist comics). In the genesis of development, Comics Studies have gone from a field of research to disciplinary definitions. In the creation of the metadiscourse of the scientific direction (the third stage), the authors focused on scientific discussions, the formation of academic directions and approaches, and markers of disciplinary self-identification. Emphasis is placed on the unique phenomenon of the simultaneous concordance of various stages of the dialogue between comics and science, on the prolonged replication of successful inventions into modern experience, and the active testing of known narratives at new levels of a scientific presentation.
Vernadsky's concept of the noosphere and its reflection in ethical and moral values of society
Authors: Jasečková Galina , Konvit Milan , Vartiak Lukáš
Published: December 2022

The paper assesses the topicality of Vernadsky's concept of the noosphere, coined over almost twenty years starting in the early 20th century. Emphasizing the uniqueness of Vernadsky's concept of the noosphere as the transformation of the biosphere by a man using reason, we concentrate on the assessment of the utopian or realistic nature of his vision of the future of humanity. Based on the philosophical case-studies analysis, it identifies the ideological roots of the noosphere concept, the development of views on the concept in time, the role of reason and scientific thinking, the opinions of its supporters and critics, and Moiseev's related concept of co-evolution. We point out the correlation between Vernadsky's concept of the noosphere and Moiseev's bifurcation and his two imperatives as necessary conditions for the co-evolution of nature and man. We document that Vernadský did not only think about the positive role of reason in the creation and development of the noosphere, but he was also aware of the possibility of its misuse. We compare Vernadsky's idea of the collective reason creation with Kurzweil's concept of technological singularity, Crutzen's concept of the Anthropocene, Haff's concept of the technosphere and Cer's scenario of the possible future development towards the creation of tech subjects and the replacement of the biosphere with the technosphere. We also assess the possibility of approximating essential concept-forming elements, i.e. philosophical categories, collective reason, the collective intelligence of humanity, and scientific knowledge facilitated by information and communication technology. Ultimately, conclusions concerning the topicality of Vernadsky's concept of noosphere are formulated. We argue that Vernadský's concept of the noosphere is timeless and should be taken not as a utopia but, on the contrary, as a scenario of possible development along the line of geosphere – biosphere – noosphere, prospectively with its transfer to the cosmic dimension.
On Hooke’s Rule of Nature
Authors: Monteiro Isadora
Published: December 2022

Lectures de Potentia Restitutiva or Of Spring: Explaining the Power of Springing Bodies (1678) is an important book for the history of science. This book is better known for Hooke’s presentation of the law that bears his name. This law, or “Rule of Nature” as the author states, is commonly taught within the context of the analysis of elastic bodies and their deformations. However, the framework in which this law was introduced goes beyond the context in which it is currently taught. Alongside the presentation of Hooke’s experiments with springs, the author established his vibratory theory of matter, in which the concepts of congruence and incongruence, initially presented in his Micrographia (1665), would be defined in greater detail. These concepts aimed to theoretically justify the movements of attraction and repulsion in nature. This paper seeks to study the Lectures de Potentia Restitutiva once again to better understand Hooke’s thoughts about the rule which bears his name and his conception of gravity, which the author considered a force. Here Hooke’s definitions of body and motion will be presented, as well as his actual objective when he formulated the so-called Hooke’s Law. As we will see, Hooke intended to create a “philosophical scale” to measure the gravitational attraction between bodies. By considering his previous publications, such as An attempt to prove the motion of the Earth from Observations or Micrographia: or some Physiological Descriptions of Minute Bodies, or even unpublished works such as On the inflection of a direct motion into a curve by supervening Attractive principle, it becomes clear that Hooke was already opening a path toward an understanding of gravity before Newton’s Principia (1687) were published. By taking into account the controversy between Isaac Newton and Robert Hooke, we also intend to strengthen the idea that Hooke was an indispensable contributor to the elaboration of a law of universal gravitation. In addition to all this, it will also be argued that the conclusions achieved by Hooke in Of Spring may have also anticipated Newton’s third law of motion.
Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) ecosystems in Indonesia (1945-2021): A historical policy analysis
Authors: Putera Prakoso Bhairawa , Widianingsih Ida , Ningrum Sinta , Suryanto Suryanto , Rianto Yan
Published: December 2022

By the mid 2019, the President of Republic of Indonesia Joko Widodo had stipulated Law No. 11/2019, concerning the National System of Science and Technology. This regulation served as an efforts from the Indonesian government to build the science and technology and innovation ecosystem lies in terms of strengthening innovation policies. The implication of this policy mandates that the National Research and Innovation Agency serves as the only research and innovation institution owned by the Government of Republic of Indonesia. Efforts in establishing the science and technology ecosystem and innovation have been initiated since the era of President Soekarno (1945-1965), which was further continued in the leadership of the next president. The aforementioned efforts are additionally described in this study from the perspective of policy history. A content analysis approach is employed to identify each stipulated regulation in Indonesia in the form of Laws, Government Regulations, Presidential Regulations, Presidential Decrees, and Presidential Instructions. There are 78 regulations in the field of science and technology and innovation that are analyzed. The results of the analysis are described based on the emergence of regulations and institutional implications generated as part of the ecosystem.
The practice of borrowing foreign projection and technological solutions in the design of electrical machines in Ukraine in the second half of the 1930s
Authors: Annienkov Ihor
Published: December 2022

This article, based on the problem-chronological, comparative-historical, historiographical, and source-research methods, as well as the method of actualization, identifies the extent of borrowing foreign design and technological solutions in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic for projecting electrical machines in the second half of the 1930s, as well as the reasons for the absence of unambiguous information in historiography regarding the existence of this phenomenon in the republic at this chronological stage. The publication provides a general assessment of the quality of scientific support for the processes of creating electrical machines, establishes the ways of fulfilling the scientific-technical borrowings that were studied and the dynamics of their development, analyzes their role in the growth of the technical level of products of the Ukrainian electrical machine-building branch. It was found that the level of a scientific escort for electrical machine-building production in Ukraine during the considered period was insufficient for arranging a completely independent design of the entire range of sectoral industrial products, therefore, scientific and technical borrowings remained the only way to maintain the necessary rates of development in the design and production of new types of electrical machines across the entire latitude spectrum of their application. According to the archival documents, it was found that because of the rapid growth of the Soviet Union’s needs at the turn of the 1930s–1940s for electric power equipment, on the one hand, and the improvement of the possibility of organizing its mass production in Ukraine, on the other, the scale of such borrowings grew like an avalanche. At the same time, because of the growth of the scientific-technical potential of the republican electrical machine-building, the nature of the procedure for their fulfillment at the end of the 1930s changed and allowed their mimicry as the exclusively independent achievements of domestic designers. This is how the achievements of Ukrainian electric machine builders were presented to the entire Soviet society during the considered period, which subsequently allowed them to gain a foothold in the relevant historiography, however, the facts and arguments in this publication completely refute this established opinion.
Background of creation, further development, and establishment of Kharkiv Locomotive Plant
Authors: Strelko Oleh , Berdnychenko Yulia , Khromova Olga I. , Spys Olha
Published: December 2022

The late XIX century was marked by the rise of industry in the Russian Empire. This period was characterized by shifting the core of industrial development from the Ural region to the south of the country, associated with the development of abundant coal deposits in Ukraine, and accompanied by extensive railroad construction in the central and southern parts of the Russian Empire. This aspect spurred the expansion of machine-building industries under the protectionist economic policy of the Russian Empire's government toward Russian enterprises. It was aimed at shielding them from the influence of foreign competitors. In the early 1870s, Kharkiv started growing rapidly as a major industrial hub in the south of the Russian Empire. The railroad offered an opportunity for the delivery of the most advanced equipment and technology, something that foreign companies never failed to take advantage of. In the 1890s, transport machinery gained significant development. Since 1891, the monopoly on steam locomotive construction in the Russian Empire, which had been concentrated in the 1880s at the Kolomna Locomotive Plant alone, was disrupted. In the mid-1890s, steam locomotive construction was deployed at eight major machine-building enterprises of the Russian Empire. This article is intended to provide a thorough analysis of the background of the creation, further development, and establishment of the Kharkiv Locomotive Plant. It offers an overview of different stages throughout the history of the Kharkiv Locomotive Plant. This article discusses the conditions and prerequisites for choosing the location of the plant; considers the stage of the establishment (foundation) of the plant; examines the stage of plant construction and equipping it with technological facilities in detail; analyzes the development and establishment of the plant between 1897 and 1914. A brief analysis of locomotive designs produced by the Kharkiv Locomotive Plant from 1897 to 1914 has been made. The article shows the significance of Consultative Congresses of Traction Engineers for the development of railway machinery both at Kharkiv Locomotive Plant and for the entire railway industry.
ОБЛІК ФІНАНСУВАННЯ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ НЕБЮДЖЕТНИХ НЕПРИБУТКОВИХ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙ
Authors: Височан Ольга , Майковець Дарина
Published: December 2022

Небюджетні неприбуткові організації об’єднують фізичних чи/або юридичних осіб для задоволення насамперед соціальних потреб і є важливим елементом формування ефективної соціально-гуманітарної сфери. У статті розкрито основні принципи функціонування небюджетних неприбуткових організацій та вимоги законодавства до визнання їх неприбутковими. Розглянуто особливості фінансування діяльності таких організацій та їх вплив на ведення обліку. Підкреслено, що через специфіку діяльності небюджетних неприбуткових організацій, адаптація актуальних методик обліку цільового фінансування для вирішення проблем управління є не завжди можливою. У статті наведено поняття фандрайзингу як діяльності з пошуку та залучення коштів для реалізації небюджетними неприбутковими організаціями своїх соціальних функцій. Визначено номенклатуру витрат на фандрайзинг та наведено характерні ознаки для таких виділення таких витрат в окрему категорію.
MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Бричко Аліна
Published: December 2022

The research proposed a solution to the current problem, which consists in substantiating the theoretical foundations and developing practical recommendations for improving the management of innovative development of agricultural enterprises. Achieving the specified goal made it necessary to solve the following tasks, which consisted in the characteristics of innovations in agricultural enterprises. The factors influencing the management of innovative activities of agrarian enterprises are defined. A system of economic levers for the formation of management of innovative development is proposed and directions for increasing the efficiency of management of innovative development of agrarian enterprises.The research proposed a solution to the problem, which consists in justifying the organizational structure of management of the enterprise, which is supplemented by an innovative component of the structural element to ensure the development of the economic entity according to the innovative principle, which will take into account the specialization of the economy, the use of resource-saving technologies, the qualifications of personnel and their material stimulation, commercial calculation and carry out the selection of innovations for use in production and economic activity.
The study of the impact of various question formats and their combination variability on test results
Authors: Hryvko Antonina , Zhuk Yurii
Published: December 2022

The aim of the research was to identify and examine the characteristics of the impact of four question types and their combination in polymorphism tests on the testing output indicators for secondary school students. Students in the 8th and 9th grades (N=164) participated in the study that was done in the field of studying the native (Ukrainian) language. It was possible to demonstrate the existence of the effect of factor "question form" on the test scores (impact power is up to 35%) and to identify the combination of question forms that is characterized by the highest diagnostic accuracy thanks to the tools (criterion-oriented author's tests, questionnaire), and methods of results' analysis (factor analysis, dispersion analysis, etc.) used in the research process. According to research findings, creating a polymorphic linguistic test is advised. If there is an even distribution of these questions throughout the test, the use of multiple-choice questions with one correct answer combined with text and constructed-response questions can guarantee the clarity of test output indicators (with the least impact of question formats on them). The study's drawbacks are identified, and the likelihood that they will be addressed by further research on the most effective test framework for empirical validity is supported.
Effects of pulsewidth on two-photon polymerization
Authors: Tan Bo , Venkatakrishnan Krishnan , Makaronets Alexander
Published: December 2022

In this paper, the effect of pulsewidth on two-photon polymerization is reported. Free standing walls of micrometer width were generated using a femtosecond laser irradiation of the highly photosensitive Ormocomp. It was found that at constant laser fluence and a constant number of pulses pulsewidth has great influence on the polymerization process. The volume of the polymerized voxel is linearly proportional to pulsewidth, so is the polymerization threshold fluence; and linewidth increases with the increase of pulsewidth. These phenomena can be explained by the pulsewidth-dependent two-photon cross section and temperature-dependent radical diffusion.
Generation of Radially Polarized Beam for Laser Micromachining
Authors: Venkatakrishnan Krishnan , Tan Bo
Published: December 2022

A novel means of generating radially polarized light is reported in this paper. A birefringent plate was placed in a divergent or divergent portion of the laser beam for polarisation conversation. The influence of birefringent plate thickness on the purity and efficiency of radial beam conversion is studied qualitatively. This technique is robust, simple and cost effective for radial polarisation conversion, and involvs only minimal optical components compared to alternative methods. Comparative analysis between linearly and radially polarized beams at different experimental condition is reported. Radially polarized beam increases the machining efficiency by 40-100% and reduces the focused spot size by more than 30%. Radially polarized beam finds wide application in semiconductor manufacturing. Application of radially polarized light for interconnect via drilling is demonstrated.
Programmable SERS active substrates for chemical and biosensing applications using amorphous/crystalline hybrid silicon nanomaterial
Authors: Powell Jeffery Alexander , Venkatakrishnan Krishnan , Tan Bo
Published: December 2022

We present the creation of a unique nanostructured amorphous/crystalline hybrid silicon material that exhibits surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity.This nanomaterial is an interconnected network of amorphous/crystalline nanospheroids which form a nanoweb structure; to our knowledge this material has not been previously observed nor has it been applied for use as a SERS sensing material.This material is formed using a femtosecond synthesis technique which facilitates a laser plume ion condensation formation mechanism. By fine-tuning the laser plume temperature and ion interaction mechanisms within the plume, we are able to precisely program the relative proportion of crystalline Si to amorphous Si content in the nanospheroids as well as the size distribution of individual nanospheroids and the size of Raman hotspot nanogaps.With the use of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) and CrystalViolet(CV) chemical dyes, we have been able to observe a maximum enhancementfactor of 5.38×106 and 3.72×106 respectively, for the hybrid nanomaterial compared to a bulk Si wafer substrate.With the creation of a silicon-based nanomaterial capable of SERS detection of analytes,this work demonstrates a redefinition ofthe role of nanostructured Si from an inactive to SERS active role in nano-Raman sensing applications.
Effect of mega-hertz repetition rate on the agglomerated particle size of femtosecond synthesized nanostructures
Authors: Sivayoganathan Mugunthan , Tan Bo , Venkatakrishnan Krishnan
Published: December 2022

We report a unique study performed on the modal transition laser fluence of agglomerated nanoparticle size distributions and their averages in three-dimensional nanostructures that were formed on aluminosilicate ceramic using a megahertz femtosecond laser. At low repetition rates, bimodal particle distributions were obtained and changed to unimodal distributions with the increase in repetition rate. The distribution modals obtained depend only on the laser fluence and the presence of photoionized species were the possible reason for the formation of bimodal distributions. Laser fluence and heat accumulation could have played key roles in determining the average particle sizes. Our study would help to enhance the properties of 3-D agglomerated nanostructures.
Re-Imagining Commedia as An Antiracist Practice through 'The Artful Token'
Authors: Rosin Jordan
Published: December 2022

This essay considers the opportunities and limitations of Contemporary Commedia as an antiracist / anti-oppressive form of theatre and the role of a director-as-facilitator in relationship to Lecoq’s actor-creator through reflection on a practice-as-research project: devising an “Antiracist Commedia for Zoom” with undergraduate students at an American university. Blending The Ume Group’s Devising Methodology, Liz Lerman’s Critical Response Process, Theatrical Intimacy Education Best Practices, aspects of Black Acting Methods/Hip Hop Theatre and Nicole Brewer’s Antiracist Theatre principles, one can see a variety of paths for consent-forward, harm preventative approaches to devising and improvising in the traditionally free-wheeling territories of improvised comedy and satire. While challenging to assess dramaturgically, improvised or partially-improvised forms like commedia which emphasize the autonomy and agency of the actor may actually help to create space for much-needed focus on mental health, harm prevention, and the explication of antiracist or other philosophical statements of belief around which a devised theatrical project can revolve and an ensemble can cohere. Consent-forward approaches, improvisation, and an expanded role for the actor-creator may demand a shift in the role of the director from auteur to facilitator, for which shift change theories such as Emergent Strategy may be well suited to support.
Artistic Research and Assessment
Authors: Loughran Beth
Published: December 2022

This article uses a reflexive, autoethnographic, and explanatory approach to suggesting assessment design for practical performing arts in higher education. Focusing on the communication of critical accounts of practice, rather than the assessment of practice itself, the idea considers how to create equitable opportunities to excel amid mixed-level starting points upon entry to the university. Imagining an “art first” environment that views assessment activity as a moment of knowledge transmission, this working example is supported by the history of Artistic Research and Practice-Research, given the basis in knowledge transmission and documentation. The idea around critical accounts of practice is driven by a desire to clear more time and space for practice as it exists as an artform in a necessarily time-based way, where skills and training are acquired over long periods of sustained practice. A case study is offered from the point of view of the author, based on the making of and featuring in Exhaustion V from The Exhaustion Series (2015-2018) by Sandy Williams IV, with the aim of providing example content for learning and assessment in this way.