bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Posterior Labral Repairs of the Shoulder Among Baseball Players: Results and Outcomes With Minimum 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Kercher James S. , Runner Robert P. , McCarthy Timothy P. , Duralde Xavier A.
Published: May 2019

Background:

There is a paucity of information regarding the treatment of posterior labral tears of the shoulder for baseball players. Reports regarding treatment and postoperative outcomes are more limited than its anterior and superior counterparts.

Purpose:

To evaluate the clinical presentation, surgical findings, postoperative outcomes, and rate of return to sport after arthroscopic repair of posterior labral injuries of the shoulder among baseball players.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Retrospective review was performed of baseball players who underwent arthroscopic posterior labral repair between 2009 and 2015 by a single surgeon, with a minimum 2-year follow-up. The group was composed of 32 male patients involved in recreational (6.3%), high school (43.8%), college (31.3%), and professional (18.8%) baseball, with a mean age of 20.5 years. Patients were categorized by chief complaint, clinical findings, surgical findings, and concomitant procedures performed. Pre- and postoperative measures included pain scale, range of motion, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons shoulder score, return to play, and patient satisfaction.

Results:

A variety of tear patterns were identified; 32% involved 90° of the posterior superior labrum; 35% involved the posterior 180°; and 32% involved 90° of the posterior inferior labrum. The dominant mechanism of injury was throwing (34.4%). The most common chief complaint was pain (n = 25, 78%), followed by pain and instability symptoms (n = 6, 18.8%), with only 3% citing isolated sensation of instability. Magnetic resonance imaging clearly identified tear patterns in 75% of cases. American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores significantly improved ( P < .0001), increasing on average 30.9 points from the preoperative mean of 65.4 to a postoperative mean of 96.3. No significant range of motion deficits were noted. Tear size and number of anchors utilized did not influence outcomes. Ninety-four percent of athletes returned to play, 61% at previous levels, and 6% did not return. Pitchers had a lower return to previous level of play than position players (41% vs 86%, P = .0113).

Conclusion:

Arthroscopic treatment of posterior labral tears of baseball players was effective in improving pain and function, resulting in 94% patient satisfaction and 94% return to sport, with 61% returning to previous level of play. Patient presentation is variable, with a majority of patients citing pain rather than instability.
How Is Psychological Outcome Related to Knee Function and Return to Sport Among Adolescent Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction?
Authors: Beischer Susanne , Hamrin Senorski Eric , Thomeé Christoffer , Samuelsson Kristian , Thomeé Roland
Published: May 2019

Background:

Adult patients who succeed in returning to their preinjury levels of sport after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction have been characterized by a more positive psychological response. It is not known whether this relationship is valid for adolescent athletes.

Purpose:

To investigate psychological readiness to return to sport, knee-related self-efficacy, and motivation among adolescent (15-20 years old) and adult (21-30 years old) athletes after ACL reconstruction. A further aim was to compare athletes (15-30 years old) who had recovered their muscle function and returned to sport with athletes who had not.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Data were extracted from a rehabilitation-specific register 8 and 12 months after ACL reconstruction. Athletes previously involved in knee-strenuous sport who had undergone primary ACL reconstruction were included. Data comprised psychological patient-reported outcomes and results from 5 tests of muscle function. Comparisons were performed between age groups, between athletes who had and had not recovered their muscle function, and between patients who had returned to sport and not.

Results:

In all, 384 (50% females) and 271 athletes (52% females) were included at the 8- and 12- month follow-ups, respectively. Enhanced self-efficacy was reported at both follow-ups by adolescents and by athletes who had recovered their muscle function. Athletes who had recovered their muscle function reported higher ( P = .0007) motivation to achieve their goals. Subgroup analyses on patient sex revealed findings similar to those in the main analyses for females but not for males. Moreover, adolescent and adult athletes who had returned to sport reported significantly higher levels on the Knee Self-Efficacy Scale and the ACL–Return to Sport After Injury scale at both follow-ups.

Conclusion:

Adolescent athletes, especially females, perceived enhanced self-efficacy, had a higher return-to-sport rate, and were more motivated to reach their goals after ACL reconstruction compared with adults. Regardless of age, athletes who had returned to sport and athletes with more symmetrical muscle function had a stronger psychological profile.
Political Assassination and Social Movement Outcomes: Martin Luther King and the Memphis Sanitation Workers’ Strike
Authors: Whitlinger Claire , Fretwell Joe
Published: May 2019

Despite a growing literature on social movement leadership, few studies consider how assassination shapes movement trajectories. Using event structure analysis, this study examines whether and how the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. propelled the struggling Sanitation Workers’ Campaign to success. It finds that King’s assassination can be understood as a “turning point” in the Memphis Sanitation Workers’ Strike and distills four mechanisms connecting King’s assassination to the strike’s ultimate outcome: the assassination precipitated some repressive local policies while diminishing others; evoked moral outrage, further mobilizing sympathetic third parties and enhancing external resources; intensified economic and reputational concerns, provoking pressure from the local business community on local political authorities; and provided access to federal resources, enabling local political actors to “save face.” These findings extend previous research on assassinations’ outcomes, finding that external factors are, indeed, salient, significantly shaping movement trajectories in the aftermath of political assassinations of charismatic leaders.
Bargaining Bonus or Breadwinning Burden? Wives’ Relative Earnings, Childrearing, and Depression
Authors: Leupp Katrina
Published: May 2019

This study examines the relevancy of household bargaining processes, childrearing demands, and traditionally gendered breadwinning norms for explaining the implications of married women’s earnings relative to those of their spouse for depression. Drawing on 1992–2014 data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979 Cohort, results indicate that shared breadwinning is negatively associated with depression among wives without minor children. Yet despite the salubriousness of employment, shared breadwinning is linked to worse depression for wives with a youngest child aged 0 to 12 or with two or more children 18 and younger. Contrary to expectations from the gender performance perspective, there is minimal evidence that greater relative earnings worsen depression among wives who out-earn their spouse. Results imply that when childrearing demands are high, mothers’ contributions to couples’ earnings function as an additional demand rather than a resource for their own well-being.
Rethinking Legitimation: Positional and Mediated Legitimation Processes for Croatian NGOs
Authors: Heideman Laura J.
Published: May 2019

How do new forms of organizations legitimate themselves? Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have emerged as a dominant form of civil society organization in the past 35 years, often in societies undergoing social and political transitions. This paper analyzes legitimation processes for NGOs in postwar and postcommunist Croatia using interview and archival data. Starting from a principle that legitimation is a process involving multiple audiences, I examine the mechanisms NGOs use to legitimate themselves to different audiences. I find that Croatian civil society organizations adopted the NGO organizational form to legitimate themselves to international actors, who in turn pressured the Croatian government to accept these organizations as legitimate. However, the actions NGOs took to legitimate themselves to international actors undermined their legitimacy with the Croatian public. This case demonstrates that legitimation is a challenging prospect for a new type of organization, especially given the fragile nature of mediated legitimacy and the conflicting priorities of different audiences.
Correction of Facial Asymmetry With Combination of Osteotomy and Mandibular Implants: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Tatch Walter
Published: May 2019

This case report details a 31-year-old female patient who underwent removal of misplaced chin implant, esthetic genioplasty, and angle of the mandible/ramus implants to correct significant facial asymmetry. Rationale for selected procedures, alternative treatment, and review of the literature are discussed.
Using health technology assessment for better healthcare decisions
Authors: Tucker Sheila , O’Brien Kelli , Brown Heather M.
Published: May 2019

Canadian health leaders can benefit from greater involvement in the design and production of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) through enhanced working relationships with HTA producers. The HTA producers and health leaders have a shared interest in the appropriate use of pharmaceuticals, healthcare devices, and procedures which benefit patients and support sustainable health systems. This article highlights the shared responsibility of HTA producers and decision makers in the appropriate use of these healthcare interventions through an examination of a HTA-informed policy and practice change in the management diabetes in elderly residents in long-term care settings. Consideration is given to the role of the co-responsibility model and LEADS in a Caring Environment framework (LEADS) in helping to facilitate partnerships between decision-makers and HTA producers in the realization of HTA-informed policy and practice.
Addressing bullying behaviour by patients and families
Authors: Ilse Renate , Neilipovitz David
Published: May 2019

This article explores the ethical dilemma of maintaining patient experience and care team well-being when faced with coercive behaviour, specifically bullying by patients, families and substitute decision-makers, which is directed toward providers and health support workers. We discuss some of the contributing societal and environmental factors, the ethical implications for health leaders, and suggest some practical options for managing bullying situations in hospitals.
Standardization and alignment of data capture practices to clinical processes in the evaluation of living kidney donor candidates
Authors: Famure Olusegun , Anderson Bronté K. , Atienza Joshua , Lena Eleanor R. , Singh Sunita K.
Published: May 2019

The Living Kidney Donation Program at the Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network sought to develop a comprehensive, secure, accurate, and up-to-date information system for the purposes of quality improvement, research, and performance evaluation. The Comprehensive Living Kidney Donor Database (CLiKeD) houses comprehensive demographic, medical, psychosocial, and evaluation data on living kidney donor candidates abstracted from multiple health information sources. Data are routinely audited to ensure high data quality. Over 3,500 living kidney donor candidates are currently included in CLiKeD. The development of this data system will allow for regular performance assessments of the program, implementation of quality improvement initiatives, and the completion of high-impact, clinically relevant research. In addition, the conception and development of CLiKeD has been instrumental in improving documentation of personal health information at the point of care.
Continuous Electroencephalographic Monitoring in the Intensive Care Unit: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Koffman Lauren , Rincon Fred , Gomes Joao , Singh Sarabdeep , He Yitian , Ritzl Eva , Bleck Thomas P. , Kaplan Peter W. , Nyquist Paul
Published: May 2019

Objective:

Research on continuous electro-encephalographic monitoring (cEEG) in the intensive care unit (ICU) has previously focused on neuroscience ICUs. This study determines cEEG utilization within a sample of specialty ICUs world-wide.

Methods:

A cross-sectional electronic survey of attending level physicians across various intensive care settings. Twenty-five questions developed from consensus statements on the use of cEEG in the critically ill sent as an electronic survey.

Results:

Of all, 9344 were queried and 417 (4.5%) responses were analyzed with 309 (74%) from the United States and 74 (18%) internationally. Intensive care units were: medical (10%), surgical (6%), neurologic/neurosurgical (12%), cardiac (4%), trauma (3%), pediatrics (29%), burn (<1%), multidisciplinary (30%), and other (5%). Intensive care units were: academic (65%), community (18%), public (3%), military (1%), and other (13%). Specialized cEEG teams were available in 71% of ICUs. Rapid 24/7 access and cEEG interpretation was available in 32% of ICUs. Interpretation changed clinical management frequently (28%) and sometimes (45%).

Conclusions:

Despite guideline recommendations for cEEG use, there is a discordance between availability, night coverage, and immediate interpretation. Only 27% have institutional protocols for indications and duration of cEEG monitoring. Furthermore, cEEG may be underutilized in nonneurologic ICUs as well as ICUs in smaller nonacademic affiliated hospitals and those outside of the United States.
Help-Seeking Patterns Among LGBTQ Young Adults Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence Victimization
Authors: Scheer Jillian R. , Baams Laura
Published: May 2019

Although intimate partner violence (IPV) is highly prevalent among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) young adults, only little is known regarding gender identity disparities in this population. Furthermore, virtually no research has examined IPV-related help-seeking patterns among LGBTQ young adults, including whether there are gender identity disparities in these rates and whether specific services are most likely to be used by LGBTQ young adults across IPV type. Participants were 354 LGBTQ young adults (ages: 18-25, 33.6% transgender and gender nonconforming [TGNC]) who experienced IPV victimization during their lifetime. TGNC young adults experienced more identity abuse victimization and reported 2.06 times the odds of seeking medical services, 2.15 times the odds of seeking support services, and 1.66 times the odds of seeking mental health services compared to cisgender sexual minority young adults. LGBTQ young adults with physical abuse victimization reported 2.63 times the odds of seeking mental health services, 2.93 times the odds of seeking medical care, and 2.40 times the odds of seeking support services compared to LGBTQ young adults without physical abuse victimization. Finally, LGBTQ young adults with identity abuse reported 2.08 times the odds of seeking mental health services and 2.58 times the odds of seeking support services compared to LGBTQ young adults without identity abuse. These findings provide a more complete understanding of gender identity as both risk and protective factors for IPV and IPV-related help-seeking. This study also provides implications for training providers, service availability, and resource allocation for LGBTQ young adults with IPV victimization.
“Like Opening Up Old Wounds”: Conceptualizing Intersectional Trauma Among Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Baird Stephanie L. , Alaggia Ramona , Jenney Angelique
Published: May 2019

Despite increasing acknowledgment of intimate partner violence (IPV) as a potentially traumatic experience, there is a gap in research investigating women’s perspectives of trauma related to their experiences of IPV from an intersectional lens. Intersectionality, which illuminates interconnected inequalities due to constructions of race, gender, sexuality, class, and culture, is particularly important for exploring the broader contexts of women’s experiences of IPV and trauma. In response to this dearth in research, this paper presents qualitative findings from a constructivist grounded theory study of 15 women’s experiences of IPV and trauma. To conceptualize IPV-related trauma from an intersectional lens, this study addressed the following research questions: (a) How do women who have experienced IPV understand and view trauma? (b) What do women who have experienced IPV indicate are experiences of trauma? and (c) How do women’s differing identities, experiences of oppression, or other hardships or adversities relate to their experiences of IPV? Through analysis, six distinct themes were identified: (a) changing perceptions of trauma; (b) the pain of trauma; (c) fear, anxiety, and triggers; (d) lasting impact of trauma; (e) struggle for acceptance; and (f) growth and insight. Implications from these findings illustrate the pervasiveness of IPV and other forms of trauma among women who have been abused by a partner, the long-lasting traumatic impacts of IPV, and the multiple experiences of being blamed and not believed that many women have experienced. These findings represent first steps in understanding the relationship between IPV and trauma from the perspectives of women who have survived IPV, offering an important contribution to previous knowledge on IPV. As well, this study provides first steps in understanding the interacting, intersectional effects of multiple forms of adversity, oppression, and IPV, and their relationships to trauma.
Does Social Capital Benefit Older Adults’ Health and Well-Being? The Mediating Role of Physical Activity
Authors: Boen F. , Pelssers J. , Scheerder J. , Vanbeselaere N. , Vos S. , Hurkmans E. , Smits T. , Fransen K.
Published: May 2019

Objectives: To assess whether social capital benefits older adults’ self-rated health and well-being and whether physical activity mediates this relation. Methods: A survey study was conducted among members of a sociocultural organization (age ≥55 years), both cross-sectionally (baseline Time 1; N = 959) and longitudinally (3-year follow-up Time 2; N = 409). Results: Specific indicators of social capital were positively, though modestly, related to health and well-being at Time 1 and Time 2. Experienced connectedness with age peers emerged as the strongest predictor. Physical activity only mediated the relation with experienced safety in society. Discussion: The relative importance of older adults’ experienced connectedness with their age peers underlines the importance of internalized group membership as a determinant of their health and well-being. Physical activity seems to play only a minor mediating role.
Pressure gradient effects on wake-flow instabilities behind isolated roughness elements on re-entry capsules
Authors: Theiss Alexander , Leyh Sascha , Hein Stefan
Published: May 2019

Laminar-turbulent transition caused by modal disturbance growth in the wake flow of isolated roughness elements on blunt re-entry capsules is studied numerically at typical cold hypersonic wind-tunnel conditions. Two fundamentally different heat shield shapes are considered. On the sphere-cone forebody the wake flow of the roughness is exposed to an adverse pressure gradient, whereas the spherical heat shield exhibits a strongly favorable pressure gradient. The pressure gradient effects on the development of the stationary wake flow and its modal instability characteristics are discussed for various heights and diameters of the cylindrical roughness element. Regions of increased shear develop in its wake, which persist longer in the adverse pressure gradient case. Consequently, the results of spatial two-dimensional eigenvalue analyses reveal that the unstable wake-flow region extends much further downstream and the wake-mode instabilities are considerably more amplified. The disturbance kinetic energy production terms are used to assess the contributions of the different shear-layer regions to the mode growth and its dependence on the pressure gradient.
Developing operation of combined cooling, heat, and power system based on energy hub in a micro-energy grid: The application of energy storages
Authors: Eshraghi Amirhossein , Salehi Gholamreza , Heibati Seyedmohammadreza , Lari Kamran
Published: May 2019

This research presents optimum operation strategies for multi-energy systems as combined cooling, heat, and power systems with the approach of electricity supply priority regime. A grid with energy hub structure including electrical, thermal, and cooling hubs is explored. Accordingly, an energy hub structure integrated with storages and renewable resources is designed. The mathematical model of the operation system for the presented triple generation micro-grid is considered for energy flow to the energy grid. Considering the limitations of the storage system and the performance of the equipment as well as electricity and gas line, a dynamic optimum operation model is prepared on the basis of mixed integer linear programming and is solved in general algebraic modeling system optimization software so as to minimize energy supply costs. For the model verification, different scenarios are developed in a residential building for a typical summer day so that the renewable resources and storages are fed into the system gradually. According to the findings, as each element is included in the micro-energy grid, its operational parameters, viz. the cost of electricity, gas, and pollutant emissions, are improved remarkably. Scenario I includes a combined cooling, heat, and power system, Scenario II is supplemented with renewable solar and wind energy, and Scenario III includes electrical, heat, and cold storages in addition to renewable sources and combined cooling, heat, and power system. Results reveal a decrease in total productivity cost by 12.2% in Scenario II versus Scenario I and 10.9% in Scenario III versus Scenario II.
Mechanical performance of hybrid woven jute–roselle-reinforced polyester composites
Authors: Mohamad Hamdan Mohammad Hazim , Siregar Januar Parlaungan , Thomas Sabu , Jacob Maya John , Jaafar Jamiluddin , Tezara Cionita
Published: May 2019

Natural fibre acts as a significant replacement for the known synthetic fibre that tends to cause critical environmental issues. Hence, the hybridization of natural fibre reinforcement has been considered as one of the strategies in reducing synthetic fibre applications. The current research was conducted to determine the effect of layering sequence on the mechanical performance of hybrid woven jute–roselle. In addition, eight different types of composite plate that consisted of single and hybrid were fabricated through the implementation of hand lay-up method. In this case, each composite plate had to undergo the tensile, flexural and impact testing in order to acquire the effect of varying layering sequences. The results of the present study showed that the hybridization of jute–roselle provided was significant, especially on the flexural and impact performance. Furthermore, the tensile strength and modulus were higher on the JRRJ sample and maximum flexural strength also managed to be recorded by the same sample. However, the maximum flexural modulus only managed to be recorded in sample RRJJ. Meanwhile, the impact testing revealed that the composite plate of sample JJRR had the highest impact strength. The void content for all the samples was acceptable because all of them were less than 7%. Finally, scanning electron microscopic image illustrated that the fractured surfaced of composite sample was typically smooth with less formation of void and fibre pull-out.
Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of a Combined Intervention of Rope Skipping and Nutrition Education for Overweight Children in Northeast China
Authors: Hao Ming , Han Wei , Yamauchi Taro
Published: May 2019

The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether an exercise intervention, nutrition education, or the combination of both were effective in weight reduction and maintenance for rural school children. Two hundred twenty-nine primary school children aged 9 to 12 years determined as overweight/obese were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: exercise intervention, nutrition education, combination of both, and control. Nutrition education and rope-skipping sessions were performed for 2 months. Anthropometric measurements were administered at baseline, after 2 months (postintervention), and 1 year later (follow-up). The order of change from high to low in the body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI-SDS) between postintervention and baseline was combined intervention, exercise intervention, and nutrition education. The BMI-SDS between following-up and baseline was for combined intervention, exercise intervention, and nutrition education. The combined intervention had the best short-term and long-term effects. The exercise intervention had a better short-term effect than nutrition education, while nutrition education had a better long-term effect than the exercise intervention.
Magnetorheological suspension with capillary network
Authors: Yang Jianjian , Hu Zhide , Yan Hua , Niu Fanghao
Published: May 2019

The capillary force has been employed to facilitate an effective pathway for the preparation and design of magnetorheological suspensions. The network formation from pendular particle structure-driven assembly can potentially be used to stabilize particle suspension. Furthermore, the magnetic liquid bridge proposed can give rise to a dramatic enhancement in magnetorheological effect (20%–100% increment in storage modulus), suggesting the possibility of tuning field dependent rheological properties of magnetorheological suspensions by addition of minute amounts of ferrofluid.
Participant Reactions to Medical Screening: A Survey of Satisfaction With the C8 (PFOA) Health Project
Authors: Malone Clare , Çığ Gülnaz , Brown Phil , Ducatman Alan
Published: May 2019

We report participant perceptions of the 2005–2006 C8 Health Project, a massive medical monitoring effort in response to perfluorooctanoic acid (C8) in West Virginia and Ohio. The C8 Health Project consisted of a health survey ( n = 69,030), blood testing for ten per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, and 50+ laboratory tests ( n = 66,899). A randomly selected subgroup was surveyed in 2007 on (1) demographics (2) satisfaction with the project, and (3) perceptions of outcomes such as contribution to personal/family, community health, and links to health outcomes. The response rate was 573/1500 (38.2 percent). Most (92.7 percent) characterized their participation experience as “excellent” or “good,” and most (96.2 percent) considered the project very “important,” “important,” or “moderately important.” No demographic variable predicted important changes in satisfaction or perception of project importance. We conclude that responses to the survey indicate strong positive assessments of project benefits.
Which Hill Would You Die on?: Examining the Use of War-Normalizing Metaphors in Social Justice Leaders’ Discourse and Practice
Authors: Armstrong Denise , Tuters Stephanie , Ratković Snežana
Published: May 2019

Metaphors are deeply embedded in educational discourse, yet few studies examine how educators use these linguistic devices to conceptualize, articulate, and make sense of their professional practice. This article examines the metaphors that 38 Canadian and American school leaders used to describe how they accomplished their social justice work in complex political environments. Our analysis revealed that while participants used a variety of metaphors to describe how they subverted inequitable practices to achieve their social justice goals, for the most part, their discourse coalesced around war-normalizing metaphors. We explore the nature of these metaphors, how they contradict and cohere with popular educational discourses and ideologies, and their implications for practice. We further discuss how policy makers, practitioners, and professional development programs can employ metaphors as discursive tools to assess and reconceptualize practice and advance social justice leadership.
Christ’s Presence in the Poor and the Church: A Traditionalist Liberation Theology
Authors: McCullough Ross
Published: May 2019

This paper argues that central claims about the poor in liberation theology do not displace traditional claims about the centrality of the Church but are a natural outworking of them. Christ is present in the poor first in the sense that Christ is present prior to and as preparation for justification, working to overcome our infirmities; Christ is present second in the sense that the poor are God’s special instrument of salvation. Neither manner of being present relies on the rethinking of nature and grace in the 20th century that is sometimes made foundational to liberation theology, suggesting that at least some of its central claims could survive translation to other conceptions.
Geographic Identity and Attitudes toward Undocumented Immigrants
Authors: Frasure-Yokley Lorrie , Wilcox-Archuleta Bryan
Published: May 2019

This article examines the extent to which economic attitudes, political predispositions, neighborhood context, and socio-demographic factors influence views toward adult, undocumented immigrants living and working in the United States. We specifically examine how these factors differ for respondents living in various types of American urban, suburban, and rural areas. Arguably, in the aftermath of the 2016 Presidential election, public opinion toward often racialized immigration policy proposals is incomplete without an understanding of the role of place and geographic identity. In the 2016 general election, 62 percent of rural voters cast a ballot for Trump, as compared with 50 percent of suburban voters, and 35 percent of urban voters. However, we know little about how their views toward undocumented immigration, a persistent hot-button issue, varied by geographic type. Our findings suggest that views toward undocumented immigrants currently living and working in the United States are conditioned by factors related to a respondent’s geographic type. We find that attitudes toward immigrants vary considerably across place. These findings provide support to our argument about the development of a geographic-based identity that has considerable impact on important public opinion attitudes, even after controlling for more traditional explanatory factors.
Women’s Cancer Care in Iran
Authors: Joulaei Hassan , Zarei Nooshin
Published: May 2019

Breast cancer (BC) and cervical cancer (CC) are the first and fifth common cancers in Iranian women. Although age-standardized incidence rate of BC and CC in Iran is low, the mortality to incidence ratio is high due to late diagnosis. Except an old and a quite comprehensive cancer registry, women’s cancer care encounter many challenges in Iran. Lack of a customized national and inclusive protocol to control cancer care along with the fragmented health system is the first and foremost cancer care challenge. Many high-risk women miss the opportunity of early diagnosis and treatment because of poor knowledge, low accessibility, or affordability to health care, stigma, and spouse negligence. Although the most effective BC screening method is mammography, it is not equally available for all Iranian women. Furthermore, the cost of BC is very high and screening is accompanied by stigmatized sociocultural beliefs. Unfortunately, while Iran has a good primary care system, low coverage of clinical breast examination and poor knowledge of women indicate that this system has not operated effective. Also due to the limited resources, the Pap smear test has not been applied to the majority of Iranian women. Despite the high basic health insurance coverage in Iran, it does not cover diagnostic test and full treatment of cancers which intensified underutilization of cancer care. In conclusion, developing a national policy and guideline for full coverage of early diagnosis of BC or CC should be prioritized. In this regard, health insurance companies should be committed to including BC and CC screening and care for their basic service packages. The second strategy could be training skillful, responsible, and motivated health-care providers. They are able to decrease the stigmatized view of doing mammography. Survivorship care including follow-up care, posttreatment issues, and psychosocial support should also be considered.
Brain Injury–Mediated Neuroinflammatory Response and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Kempuraj Duraisamy , Ahmed Mohammad Ejaz , Selvakumar Govindhasamy Pushpavathi , Thangavel Ramasamy , Dhaliwal Arshdeep S. , Dubova Iuliia , Mentor Shireen , Premkumar Keerthivaas , Saeed Daniyal , Zahoor Haris , Raikwar Sudhanshu P. , Zaheer Smita , Iyer Shankar S. , Zaheer Asgar
Published: May 2019

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health problem in the United States, which affects about 1.7 million people each year. Glial cells, T-cells, and mast cells perform specific protective functions in different regions of the brain for the recovery of cognitive and motor functions after central nervous system (CNS) injuries including TBI. Chronic neuroinflammatory responses resulting in neuronal death and the accompanying stress following brain injury predisposes or accelerates the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in high-risk individuals. About 5.7 million Americans are currently living with AD. Immediately following brain injury, mast cells respond by releasing prestored and preactivated mediators and recruit immune cells to the CNS. Blood-brain barrier (BBB), tight junction and adherens junction proteins, neurovascular and gliovascular microstructural rearrangements, and dysfunction associated with increased trafficking of inflammatory mediators and inflammatory cells from the periphery across the BBB leads to increase in the chronic neuroinflammatory reactions following brain injury. In this review, we advance the hypothesis that neuroinflammatory responses resulting from mast cell activation along with the accompanying risk factors such as age, gender, food habits, emotional status, stress, allergic tendency, chronic inflammatory diseases, and certain drugs can accelerate brain injury-associated neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and AD pathogenesis.
Risk Factors and Services to Reduce Child Sexual Abuse Recurrence
Authors: Palusci Vincent J. , Ilardi Marissa
Published: May 2019

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is associated with a range of negative consequences for victims that are compounded when it recurs. We used the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System to study a cohort of 42,036 children in 45 U.S. states with sexual abuse reports first confirmed by child protective services (CPS) during 2010 in order to identify children with increased risk for recurrence. A small proportion (3.6%) had a second confirmed sexual abuse report through 2015. In multivariate models, female gender, family hearing and vision problems, other child maltreatment, and other family violence were associated with increased risk of recurrence, while younger children, Hispanic families, and those with substance abuse tended to have less risk. One fourth of recurrence involved the same offender, usually a parent or caretaker. One fourth of cases were referred for any CPS services, which were more likely to be provided for families with poverty, drug or alcohol problems, or other violence. Only substance abuse services significantly reduced recurrence in multivariable models. Those trying to reduce CSA recurrence should recognize that certain case characteristics are associated with greater recurrence, and most CPS services do not significantly reduce CSA recurrence.
Assessing the Impact of CEO Activism
Authors: Chatterji Aaron K. , Toffel Michael W.
Published: May 2019

CEO activism refers to corporate leaders speaking out on social and environmental policy issues not directly related to their company’s core business, which distinguishes it from nonmarket strategy and traditional corporate social responsibility. In the first study of this phenomenon, we implement two framed field experiments to provide evidence on how CEO activism can influence public opinions about government policies and consumer attitudes about the CEO’s company.
Encouraging Investors to Enable Corporate Sustainability Transitions: The Case of Responsible Investment in France
Authors: Crifo Patricia , Durand Rodolphe , Gond Jean-Pascal
Published: May 2019

This article studies the case of the socially responsible investment industry in France. This case accounts for how the socially responsible investment category and practices have successfully moved from the margins of the industry in the late 1990s to become mainstream over two decades. We bring to the forefront the importance of three complementary factors in the process of causing corporations to transition toward more sustainable businesses: the role of investors and, in particular, institutional investors; the importance of the presence of a clear category definition and of intermediary organizations, providing ratings, scores, and other calculative devices; and the role of governments and regulators. With other studies, this case stresses the fundamental influence of investors in how corporations manage sustainability transitions.
“Weak Is the New Strong”: Gendered Meanings of Recovery from Substance Abuse among Male Prisoners Participating in Narcotic Anonymous Meetings
Authors: Gueta Keren , Gamliel Sharon , Ronel Natti
Published: May 2019

Much of what has been written about prison masculinity has focused on the hypermasculine climate of prisons that rewards aggression and the concealment of vulnerability. However, the findings of more recent studies have indicated a more varied ideal of masculinity in this environment. The present research examined how inmates construct and understand masculinity within the domain of reformatory intervention. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was performed on fourteen transcribed interviews with inmates who participated in Narcotics Anonymous (NA). The results indicated that hypermasculinity ideals hindered the participants’ ability to apply the tenets of NA that threatened their masculine identity, such as admitting powerlessness. However, they sought to negotiate these threats by employing three main discursive strategies. First, they affirmed hegemonic masculinity notions by presenting themselves as pragmatic agents, offsetting criticism of their submission to higher authorities, constructing recovery as a masculine act, and othering drug-using men. Second, they reformulated ideas of masculinity by adapting the concept to include feminine notions of caring and admitting vulnerability, in line with their NA experience. Third, they rejected their former ideologies and their current dominant localized sociocultural constructions of hypermasculinity that stigmatized them by noting the superiority of NA as a space of support, egalitarian relationships between inmates, and trust relationships with prison staff. By focusing on the dynamic of stigma, marginalization, and masculinity, the research informs both the theoretical understanding of masculinity and the development of reformatory interventions in prison.
Effect of cat litters on feline coronavirus infection of cell culture and cats
Authors: Addie Diane , Houe Lene , Maitland Kirsty , Passantino Giuseppe , Decaro Nicola
Published: May 2019

Objectives

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is caused by infection with feline coronavirus (FCoV). FCoV is incredibly contagious and transmission is via the faecal–oral route. FCoV infection, and therefore FIP, is most common in breeder and rescue catteries, where many cats are kept indoors, using litter trays. Whether it is possible to break the cycle of FCoV infection and reinfection using cat litters has never been investigated. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of cat litters on FCoV infectivity and virus load in multi-cat households, and transmission frequency.

Methods

Fifteen cat litters were mixed and incubated with FCoV, centrifuged and the supernatants tested in vitro for the ability to prevent virus infection of cell culture. To test applicability of in vitro results to real life, virus load was measured in two households in a double crossover study of four Fuller’s earth-based cat litters by testing rectal swabs using FCoV reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR.

Results

Four litters abrogated FCoV infection of cell culture, nine reduced it to a greater or lesser extent and two had no effect. One brand had different virus inhibitory properties depending on where it was manufactured. Fuller’s earth-based litters performed best, presumably by adsorbing virus. In the field study, there appeared to be less virus shedding on one Fuller’s earth-based cat litter.

Conclusions and relevance

The in vitro study successfully identified cat litters that inactivate FCoV; such litters exist so do not need to be developed. Fuller’s earth-based litters best prevented infection of cell culture, but did not completely abrogate FCoV transmission in two multi-cat households. A dust-free clumping Fuller’s earth litter appeared to fare best, but virus shedding also varied on the control litters, complicating interpretation. Sawdust-based cat litters are not useful in FCoV-endemic households because they track badly and have a poor effect on virus infection.
Educational value of Internet videos in vascular access
Authors: Sevinc Mustafa
Published: May 2019

Aim:

The aim of the study was to evaluate individually uploaded Internet materials about catheter insertion and removal in terms of their educative value.

Methods:

YouTube videos for both catheter insertion and catheter removal were investigated. Rating, like, dislike, the position of a patient, maneuvers during removal, immediate coverage of removal site, and type of cover material were noted. A survey regarding daily practices for catheter interventions and approaches to educative social media platforms had been taken from medical professionals as well to determine the effect of social media on learning practices.

Results:

A total of 50 insertion and 35 removal videos were investigated. The popularity of insertion and removal videos was 4.7 (1.6–16.5) and 1.88 (0.66–4.54), respectively. ( p = 0.011). The position of a patient during insertion was supine in 80%, Trendelenburg in 18%, and upright in 82.9% of the removal videos ( p = 0.000). The survey showed that medical professionals watched insertion videos (66%) more than removal videos (11.7%) ( p = 0.002). Catheter insertion positions were similar among participants ( p = 0.553). Removal positions were different in specialties ( p = 0.023) in which especially nephrologists tend to remove the catheter at the sitting position.

Conclusion:

Medical professionals think that removal is an easier procedure than insertion. They both search more for insertion videos and upload more insertion videos. Insertion practices are similar among different specialties. However, removal practices are more heterogeneous. Individually uploaded catheter videos at YouTube are not reliable educative materials. More free official work should be produced to maintain sufficient qualified online material on social media platforms.
Happiness with rural experience: Exploring the role of tourist mindfulness as a moderator
Authors: Loureiro Sandra Maria Correia , Breazeale Michael , Radic Antonia
Published: May 2019

The present study aims to analyze (i) the effect of mindfulness as a moderator on the relationship between rural experience economy and happiness and (ii) the influence of rural experience, specifically agritourism, on behavioral intentions through happiness and memory creation. The relationships hypothesized in the model are informed by a literature review and tested using partial least squares approach and bootstrapping procedure. Data are collected in Dalmatia (Croatia) from nearby rural tourists who stayed at agritourism accommodations. The results suggest that (i) rural tourism experience dimensions are positively and significantly associated with happiness; (ii) mindfulness does not fully influence the strength or direction of the relationship between the rural experience and happiness; and (iii) happiness and memory can act as mediators, at least partially, between rural tourism experience and happiness. The findings provide theoretical and managerial implications for tourism and hospitality.
Something Good Out of the Bad Times? The Impacts of Reduced Opportunity Costs on the Intergenerational Inequalities in College Enrollment
Authors: Pöyliö Heta
Published: May 2019

This research examines whether the reduced opportunity costs observed during the Great Recession resulted in changing socioeconomic inequalities in college enrollment. The results of the multilevel logistic regression analyses of American high school graduation cohorts 2003–2013 with data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics indicate that educational decision-making changed during the recession. The association between parental education and college enrollment weakened during the recession for both men and women, but the changes in the association between parental income and enrollment contrasted by gender. While the income differences in college enrollment were reduced among female high school graduates, they increased among male graduates. The opportunity costs at the time of graduation were linked with the decreasing influence of parental income and the increasing influence of parental education during the recession.
Adapting and pre-testing the World Health Organization’s Caregiver Skills Training programme for autism and other developmental disorders in a very low-resource setting: Findings from Ethiopia
Authors: Tekola Bethlehem , Girma Fikirte , Kinfe Mersha , Abdurahman Rehana , Tesfaye Markos , Yenus Zemi ,   WHO CST Team, Salomone Erica , Pacione Laura , Fekadu Abebaw , Servili Chiara , Hanlon Charlotte , Hoekstra Rosa A
Published: May 2019

The World Health Organization’s Caregiver Skills Training programme for children with developmental disorders or delays teaches caregivers strategies to help them support their child’s development. Ethiopia has a severe lack of services for children with developmental disorders or delays. This study explored the perspectives of Ethiopian caregivers, professionals and other stakeholders to inform adaptation and implementation of the World Health Organization’s Caregiver Skills Training in Ethiopia. Data collection included (1) a consultation and review, comprising stakeholder meetings, review of draft Caregiver Skills Training materials and feedback from Ethiopian Master Trainees and (2) a pre-pilot including quantitative feasibility and acceptability measures and qualitative interviews with caregivers (n = 9) and programme facilitators/observers (n = 5). The consultation participants indicated that the Caregiver Skills Training addresses an urgent need and is relevant to the Ethiopian context. Several adaptations were proposed, including more emphasis on psycho-education, stigma, parental feelings of guilt and expectations of a cure. The adapted Caregiver Skills Training was pre-piloted with excellent participation (100%) and retention (90%) rates. Four themes were developed from the qualitative data: (1) Programme acceptability and relevance, (2) Perceived programme benefits, (3) Challenges and barriers and (4) Suggestions for improvement. The World Health Organization’s Caregiver Skills Training addresses a local need and, with careful adaptations, is feasible and acceptable to be implemented in Ethiopia. These findings may have relevance to low-resource settings worldwide.