bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Segmentação a partir das bases específicas não observáveis do produto e o emprego conjunto de técnicas multivariadas: o estudo de caso do veículo multiuso
Authors: Bevilacqua Solon
Published: August 2013

Este estudo exploratório e descritivo pesquisou uma base de dados primários, potenciais consumidores de um veículo multiuso, com posterior emprego de Análise Conjunta (CA) e Análise de Conglomerado (AC), conforme proposta de Green e Krieger (1991). A abrangência da pesquisa teve caráter nacional, em que se investigou o emprego das utilidades parciais para conforto, capacidade de carga e preço como recursos de entrada para uma base de segmentação, constatando-se um alinhamento entre os métodos e coerência entre os resultados obtidos. Os ganhos observados nesse estudo estão relacionados a três aspectos: [1] execução da pesquisa: partindo de um questionário complexo e aplicado para a diversificada população alvo brasileira, obteve-se êxito na pesquisa nessas condições singulares; [2] Manipulação das variáveis: contando com variáveis não observáveis - de difícil manipulação em contraste com as empregadas no estudo original - obtendo êxito sem perdas observadas; [3] Validação: empregando o método proposto, ambas as técnicas (CA e AC) apresentaram resultados semelhantes, o que confere precisão ao método sugerido. A geração de resultados similares, a partir do emprego conjunto de ambas as técnicas, sugere alinhamento metodológico e validação da teoria. Considera-se ao final do estudo que empregar metodologia de identificação de atributos voltada para a segmentação de mercado pode atenuar a questão de reposicionamento do conceito. Como limitação do estudo destaca-se a questão da falta de estudos correlatos, em outras áreas que efetivamente coloquem em prática a robustez da técnica. Sugestiona-se para trabalhos futuros, um estudo de maior amplitude em situação comprobatória. Como principal contribuição do estudo, constatou-se a facilidade de replicar os estudos dos autores.
Ciclo de vida, sucessão e processo de governança em uma empresa familiar: um estudo de caso no Grupo Seculus
Authors: Cançado Vera L. , Lima Juvêncio Braga de , Muylder Cristiana Fernandes de , Castanheira Ricardo Brandão
Published: August 2013

O modelo tridimensional de desenvolvimento, baseado em três eixos distintos e complementares -propriedade, família e gestão/empresa -, permite a análise e a compreensão do ciclo de vida da organização e do seu processo de sucessão. Os desafios e soluções desse processo convergem para um conjunto de ações, configurado sob a forma de governança. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o ciclo de vida e o processo de sucessão e de governança do Grupo Seculus. Trata-se de um grupo empresarial familiar mineiro que se encontra em sua primeira geração e em processo de transição para a segunda geração, sendo, portanto, uma unidade de análise relevante para a proposta estabelecida. Foi realizado um estudo de caso descritivo, de caráter qualitativo, sendo coletados dados secundários em documentos da empresa e da família; e dados primários, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com pessoas-chave da família e/ou empresa. Participaram das entrevistas membros da família proprietária, familiares não acionistas empregados e não empregados da empresa e gestores não pertencentes à família. Utilizou-se a estratégia de construção da explanação para a análise dos dados. Os resultados indicam que a empresa encontra-se no estágio de sociedade entre irmãos, de trabalho em conjunto e de expansão/formalização. Identificou-se que a condução do processo sucessório ao longo do tempo ocorreu de forma contingencial e não planejada. Concluiu-se que a prática da governança representou um caminho para equacionar conflitos reais e potenciais vinculados à sucessão, sobretudo com respeito à profissionalização. Este estudo pode trazer uma contribuição para a academia, pois associa três temas essenciais à condução das empresas familiares: o desenvolvimento dos ciclos de vida, como ferramenta de gestão; a sucessão, requerendo planejamento e preparação prévios; e a governança, como possibilidade de tratamento dos conflitos inerentes ao processo. Constitui ainda um avanço na medida em que estabelece críticas ao modelo de Gersick et al. (1997), principalmente no que diz respeito à questão da profissionalização e de práticas de governança. Pôde-se concluir, portanto, que a condução da sucessão em empresas familiares envolve desafios relativos ao desenvolvimento de famílias, da empresa e da propriedade. Tais desafios são bem encaminhados quando passam pela criação de estruturas que permitem à família proprietária participar das soluções, equacionadas por práticas de governança.
Vivências de prazer-sofrimento no trabalho do professor universitário: estudo de caso em uma instituição pública
Authors: Vilela Elena Fátima , Garcia Fernando Coutinho , Vieira Adriane
Published: August 2013

Este artigo analisa as percepções dos professores do curso de pedagogia de uma instituição de ensino superior pública em relação ao prazer-sofrimento no trabalho docente, amparado na teoria da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. A pesquisa foi realizada na Faculdade de Educação de uma Universidade Pública de Belo Horizonte. Trata-se de um estudo conduzido por meio de técnicas de coleta e análise de dados de natureza quantitativa e qualitativa, utilizando a Escala de Indicadores de Prazer-sofrimento no trabalho (EIPST), aplicada a 52 professores, e a entrevista semiestruturada, realizada com 9 professores. Os dados quantitativos foram tratados pelo sistema SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) e as entrevistas foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram que as vivências de prazer são predominantes e estão relacionadas ao orgulho e à identificação com o trabalho. As vivências de sofrimento ocorrem de forma moderada e estão relacionadas ao esgotamento, à sobrecarga de trabalho e ao estresse, além de sentimentos de indignação e desvalorização. Como forma compensatória do sofrimento, as vivências de prazer são maximizadas e têm origem na prática docente, no contato com os colegas de trabalho e os alunos, na produção de conhecimento e no reconhecimento advindo dos pares e da comunidade.
Uso de tecnologias digitais para o Ensino a Distância da compreensão e produção oral em língua inglesa por computador/WEB
Authors: Lima Samuel de Carvalho
Published: August 2013

Considerando o recente panorama de pesquisas que refletem a relação e o compromisso da Linguística Aplicada (LA) com os fenômenos que envolvem o uso das relativamente novas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC), este trabalho propõe investigar propostas de atividades on-line para a oferta de ensino da compreensão e produção oral em língua inglesa como língua estrangeira mediado por computador/web, tendo em vista o uso das tecnologias digitais que medeiam a realização do ensino. O tratamento dos dados suscitou a elaboração do catálogo de uso e frequência das tecnologias em que os exemplares das propostas de atividades on-line se encontravam ancorados, o que expressa a forma como os educadores integram os recursos digitais em suas práticas pedagógicas.
Repensando os saberes: mudanças nos paradigmas epistemológicos e a formação de professores de língua estrangeira
Authors: Lopes Carlos Renato
Published: August 2013

Este artigo propõe investigar o modo como novas formas de se pensar o conhecimento na contemporaneidade, momento de transição entre paradigmas epistemológicos, implicam a necessidade de uma problematização de práticas pedagógicas assentadas em modelos tradicionais de transmissão, reprodução e validação dos saberes. Em particular, discutimos as possíveis implicações que tal problematização traria para a prática dos sujeitos envolvidos na formação de professores de língua estrangeira desenvolvida dentro dos atuais programas de licenciatura do país.
Caracterização do desempenho de escolares com e sem dificuldades de leitura em tarefas de decodificação leitora
Authors: Nepomuceno Pablo Felicio , Avila Clara Regina Brandão de
Published: August 2013

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar o desempenho de escolares com e sem dificuldade de leitura em tarefas de decodificação leitora para investigar parâmetros que possam auxiliar a avaliação da leitura. MÉTODO: Participaram 48 estudantes com idade entre 07 e 10 anos, matriculados do segundo ao quarto ano do Ensino Fundamental. A partir da indicação dos professores, os escolares foram agrupados em: grupo sem dificuldade de leitura (GSD) e grupo com dificuldade de leitura (GCD). Trinta e seis itens linguísticos foram selecionados (palavras e pseudopalavras) e apresentados inteiros, ou segmentados em sílabas e letras, para avaliar a leitura dos escolares. Os acertos foram computados. Os grupos foram comparados pelos testes de Mann-Whitney e Friedman. Sensibilidade e Especificidade foram calculadas. RESULTADOS: O desempenho do GSD foi superior ao do GCD em todas as tarefas de reconhecimento dos itens, exceto no reconhecimento de pseudopalavras inteiras. O desempenho do GSD em todas as tarefas de reconhecimento foi uniforme. O GCD acertou menos no reconhecimento de pseudopalavras principalmente quando apresentadas de forma segmentada. Grande parte dos escolares que decodificaram e leram corretamente até 32 itens era do GSD, enquanto a maioria dos que não alcançaram esse resultado era do GCD. Esse valor (32,5) foi considerado o melhor ponto de corte para definir o desempenho dos escolares nas tarefas de decodificação. CONCLUSÃO: O desempenho do GSD foi uniforme e superior ao do GCD, em tarefas de decodificação leitora. O GCD apresentou pior desempenho na leitura dos itens segmentados, principalmente das pseudopalavras.
Impact of an educational program on the feeding of neurologically impaired children
Authors: Carvalho Ana Paula Cajaseiras de , Chiari Brasilia Maria , Goncalves Maria Ines Rebelo
Published: August 2013

PURPOSE: To verify the impact of an educative program focused on aspects related to feeding developed with a group of caregivers of children with chronic non-progressive encephalopathy. METHODS: Cross-sectional comparative study conducted with 30 children diagnosed with chronic non-progressive encephalopathy and their caregivers with the use of a questionnaire and video recordings of a meal conducted by the main caregiver. In order to verify the impact of an educational program in the knowledge and conduct of caregivers, patients were divided into two groups: study - consisting of caregivers submitted to a questionnaire and a video recording before and after the educational program; control - group in which caregivers underwent the procedures in two occasions, but without access to the educational program. RESULTS: Around 93.33% of caregivers were females, most had low educational level, and only 10% had a professional activity. Previous knowledge of caregivers concerning feeding was restricted, with 66% of caregivers not knowing what aspiration was, 60% being unfamiliar with the complications associated with such occurrence, and 86.66% stating that there is no relation between voice and swallowing. During feeding, only 26.66% of the caregivers used verbal commands related to feeding, and 50% did not realize the difficulties presented by their children. We observed a difference with regard to knowledge and conduct in the study group only. CONCLUSION: The educational program had a positive impact on the knowledge and conduct of caregivers concerning the feeding of their children with chronic non-progressive encephalopathy.
Mastigação e deglutição em mulheres jovens com desordem temporomandibular
Authors: Weber Priscila , Corrêa Eliane Castilhos Rodrigues , Bolzan Geovana de Paula , Ferreira Fabiana dos Santos , Soares Juliana Corrêa , Silva Ana Maria Toniolo da
Published: August 2013

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a mastigação e a deglutição em mulheres com e sem desordem temporomandibular (DTM) e investigar a posição da mandíbula e do osso hioide, por serem estruturas importantes para a realização destas funções. MÉTODOS: Setenta mulheres foram avaliadas quanto à presença de DTM segundo o instrumento Critérios de Diagnóstico para Pesquisa de Desordem Temporomandibular, sendo que 34 delas, com DTM, constituíram o grupo de estudo (GE) e 36 participaram do grupo controle (GC). A avaliação da mastigação e deglutição foi baseada no Protocolo de Avaliação Miofuncional Orofacial com Escores (AMIOFE). As variáveis referentes à posição da mandíbula e osso hioide aferidas pela análise cefalométrica. RESULTADOS: Os indivíduos com DTM apresentaram diferença significativa quanto à postura de língua (p=0,03) e lábios (p=0,04) durante a função de deglutição, bem como a adoção mais frequente de um padrão mastigatório unilateral crônico (p=0,03). Além disso, apresentaram posição mais baixa do osso hioide em relação à mandíbula (p=0,00). CONCLUSÃO: A presença de DTM promoveu maior frequência de alterações miofuncionais orofaciais durante as funções de mastigação e deglutição. A maior distância entre o osso hioide e a mandíbula, bem como a presença da sintomatologia álgica, podem justificar, em parte, os comportamentos atípicos da língua e dos lábios observados no grupo com DTM. A repercussão da DTM sobre as funções alimentares em uma faixa etária jovem explica a importância do diagnóstico e da intervenção terapêutica precoce nestes indivíduos.
Reporting aid flows for water supply and sanitation: official development assistance
Authors: Cotton A.
Published: August 2013

Current resource allocations for water supply and sanitation are far below those required to meet basic needs, particularly in low-income countries. Many organisations supporting advocacy and arguing for change make use of the primary statistical data for Official Development Assistance (ODA) which measures donor aid flows to the sector. From 2010 onwards important changes have taken place to the way ODA is reported including disaggregation between aid flows for water supply and aid flows for sanitation. This paper reports findings from a consultative group regarding issues requiring clarification for the revised codes to be applied consistently. These include: disaggregation of water and sanitation from within integrated water sector projects; disaggregation of water and sanitation components from projects in other sectors; clarity on working definitions of ‘large and basic’ when reporting water and sanitation projects; capacity development that directly supports implementation; and recording the transition from projects to programme-based aid. Case studies drawn from donors' reporting of ODA are used to illustrate key issues for users of ODA statistical information who aim to capture data on aid flows to the water sector.
Determination of capital costs for conventional sewerage systems (collection, transportation and treatment) in a developing country
Authors: von Sperling Marcos , Salazar Bruno Lopes
Published: August 2013

Unit construction costs expressed as ranges of values are useful in most preliminary studies, in which detailed designs are not available in order to support specific cost estimates. This paper presents ranges of values for capital costs related to conventional sewerage systems in Brazil. The data were based on published references or information from consulting firms and sanitation companies and comprised budgets made at the design stage or after completion of the works. All cost data were converted to the common date of April 2010. The unit costs were expressed as: collection system (US$/m and US$/inhabitant), transportation system (US$/m and US$/inhabitant) and treatment system (US$/inhabitant). Total costs for the implementation of the overall sewerage system (collection, transportation and treatment) ranged from around US$170 to US$770/inhabitant, depending on pipe diameter and on pipe-laying conditions (percentage of rocks and pavement), as well as on the treatment process employed. In all cases, approximately 60% of the total capital costs were represented by the collection system. The influence of the transportation (interceptor) costs was also investigated and found to indicate that, for small populations, the construction costs associated with the interceptors may be larger than those linked to the treatment plants.
A qualitative study of access to sanitation amongst low-income working women in Bangalore, India
Authors: Rajaraman Divya , Travasso Sandra M. , Heymann S. Jody
Published: August 2013

In India, access to sanitation amongst the urban poor remains low, and women are worse affected than men. Little is known about barriers to sanitation at the workplace, a location where working adults spend close to half of their waking hours. To explore access to sanitation facilities at the workplace amongst poor urban women, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 48 women working in low-income jobs in Bangalore. Access to sanitation varied by occupation group, with construction workers and domestic workers being the worst affected, and factory workers and street vendors better off. Consequences of inadequate access to sanitation included shame and fear related to urination and defecation in open areas, holding back the urge to urinate or defecate, walking significant distances during working hours to use a latrine, inability to maintain adequate menstrual hygiene at work, loss of pay as a result of missing work during menstruation and resentment towards employers who did not provide access to latrines. The findings reveal significant shortcomings in access to sanitation at the workplace for poor urban women. Extending legislation and improving the implementation of current regulation would improve access to sanitation at the workplace, as would increasing the coverage of public toilets.
Use of Certeza point-of-use water treatment product in Mozambique
Authors: Wheeler Jennifer , Agha Sohail
Published: August 2013

Certeza, a branded and socially marketed point-of-use water treatment product consisting of diluted sodium hypochlorite solution, was launched in Mozambique by Population Services International (PSI) in 2004. Certeza is sold in 150-mL bottles at subsidized prices through the private sector and distributed for free during emergency situations. PSI also implements behavior change communication (BCC) activities to promote healthy behaviors related to water treatment. In 2007 and 2012, two large-scale, population-based surveys were conducted in selected districts to collect information from caregivers of children under the age of five on knowledge and use of water treatment products. This study presents changes in water treatment indicators between 2007 and 2012 and an assessment of the effects of exposure to BCC interventions on water treatment behaviors in 2012. The findings show improvement in most water treatment behaviors, after controlling for differences in the two surveys. Notably, ever-use of Certeza increased from 17 to 30% and current use increased from 10 to 25%. These improvements were accompanied by improved social norms, knowledge, and self-efficacy relating to water treatment. Moreover, exposure to PSI interventions was associated with practicing water treatment behaviors (those specific to Certeza use and also general water treatment behaviors).
Finite Element Analysis of the Achilles Tendon While Running
Authors: Anițaș Răzvan , Lucaciu Do
Published: August 2013

Introduction: The Achilles tendon is the most frequent recipient of traumatic injuries. The aim of this study is to identify and describe the varying load at ankle level and especially at the Achilles tendon’s insertion on the calcaneus.

Methods: We conducted a finite element analysis of the Achilles tendon while running, with the aim of revealing maximal loads and strains during a step in a running sequence. A 3D model of the Achilles tendon was built, based on MRI slides of a healthy, injury-free subject, who was asked to run over a force plate in 50 iterations. We used the recorded data to establish maximum loads and strains.

Results: We noticed a quick rise of the intra-tendinous load, from almost negligible while airborne and on first ground contact, to roughly 40 MPa in the pre-airborne phase, with possible implications in both treatment and post-injury recovery of Achilles tendon lesions.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that while early weight bearing and early exercise routines are a modern approach, care must be given in increasing the loads on the recovering region.
Evaluation of Diagnosing Tuberculosis in Primary Care Medicine in Mureș County, Between 2006 and 2008
Authors: Ács Valeria , Finta Hajnal , Ianosi Edith Simona , Sabău Monica
Published: August 2013

Aim: Evaluation of the contribution of general practitioners to the early diagnosis of tuberculosis in the studied period. Analysis of cases not diagnosed as active TB, from those suspected by the general practitioner and the real cases with respiratory lesions.

Material and methods: We conducted an observational epidemiologic study aiming at evaluating the diagnosis of pulmonary TB at the level of primary care medicine.

Results: The difference between conformed TB patients that have been referred with the suspicion of TB and those without suspicion is significant (p <0.0001), and the risk of disease estimated by OR was 21.54. More than half of the patients (139), had positive microscopic examination and culturing, representing 62.61%. In 10.36% microscopic examination was positive and culturing was negative (13 patients). Negative microscopic examination and positive culturing were detected in 5.86% of the patients. The majority of suspected/confirmed new patients were living in urban environments. The urban/rural ratio was 1.27. The reasons why the general practitioner suspected tuberculosis, in the order of frequency, were the following: cough/dry cough, sweating/nocturnal sweating, fever/persisting fever. Among the TB types, we noted the large percentage of patients with infiltrating, nodular tuberculosis confined to the volume of one pulmonary segment (30.78%), and 19.87% of the cases were multicavity tuberculosis; also, we noted the presence of caseous tuberculosis with moderate volumes of infiltrates, confined to a pulmonary lobe (18.27%).

Conclusion: Early diagnosis of tuberculosis in the primary healthcare network is a continuous challenge for the general practitioner.
Aesthetic Principles of the Upper Front Teeth: Application of Golden Proportion (Levin) and Golden Percentage (Snow)
Authors: Markovics Emese Rita , Jánosi Kinga , Biriș Carmen , Cerghizan Diana , Horga C , Bögözi B , Iacob Alina
Published: August 2013

Objective: The objective of our work is to examine the presence of the much-discussed golden proportion provided by Levin, and of the golden percentage (Snow), on the widths of maxillary anterior teeth, by measurements made on digital images.

Material and method: The material of this study consists of digital photographs taken of subjects with natural and esthetic teeth. We took photos of 68 subjects (35 women and 33 men), between 19 and 26 years. Using a computer program, we made the necesarry measurements, then we made the appropriate calculations of the above theories.

Results: The golden proportion between the lateral and central incisor occurs in a higher proportion than between the canine and the lateral incisor. The values obtained by analyzing the golden proportion differ slightly from those proposed by Snow.

Conclusions: The frequency of the golden proportion is not significant for the groups of teeth mentioned. With small modifications and taking into consideration ethnic differences, Snow's golden percentage is more valid and applicable than Levin's golden proportion is.
Two Cases of Dorsal Urethral Duplication
Authors: Gozar H , Prișcă Ra , Derzsi Zoltán
Published: August 2013

Urethral duplication is a rare congenital anomaly. In addition to a normally urethra, there is an accessory urethra arising from the bladder or the proximal urethra which may open anywhere on the penis or even on the perineum. Many patients with this malformation are asymptomatic. Some patients may complain of intermittent discharge from the accessory urethra, incontinence, infection, double streams or stricture. The duplicated urethra may be complete or incomplete, may be located dorsal, ventral or in Y-type. The treatment of urethral duplication is individualized, depending on the type of malformation. We report two cases of dorsal urethral duplication discovered in two boys.
Chondrodermatitis Nodularis Helicis
Authors: Fekete Gyula László , Fekete Júlia Edit
Published: August 2013

Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis is a rare and well defined clinical condition, characterized by the appearance of painful nodule or nodules located on the helix. Affects mainly white men, aged 50 and more. The pathogenesis of the disease is unclear. The used treatments gives excellent results, but the disease tends to relapse. We present a clinical case of a young man of 38 years of age with a painful nodule located on the left ear.
The Role of Monitoring the Bcr-Abl Transcript Levels in the Management of Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Tunyogi Aliz-Beáta , Benedek I , Köpeczi Judit Beáta , Benedek Erzsébet , Kakucs Enikő , Istrati Monica , Pap Zsuzsa
Published: August 2013

Introduction: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder; the molecular hallmark of the disease is the BCR-ABL gene rearrangement, which usually occurs as the result of a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) were the first drugs that targeted the constitutively active BCR-ABL kinase and it have become the standard frontline therapy for CML. Monitoring the treatment of CML patients with detection of bcr-abl transcript levels with real time qualitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) is essential in evaluating the therapeutic response.

Material and method: At the Clinical Hematology and BMT Unit Tîrgu Mureș, between 2008-2011, we performed the molecular monitoring of bcr-abl transcript levels with RQ-PCR in 16 patients diagnosed with CML.

Results: We have 11 patients on imatinib treatment who achieved major molecular response. One patient lost the complete molecular response after 5 years of treatment. Two patients in blast crisis underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from identical sibling donors. The first patient is in complete molecular remission after 4 years of the transplant with mild chronic GVHD. The other patient had an early relapse with treatment refractory disease and died from evolution of the disease. Three patients with advanced phases of the disease present increasing transcript levels. We performed the dose escalation, and for two of them the switch to the second generation of TKI.

Conclusions: Regular molecular monitoring of individual patients with CML is clearly desirable. It allows for a reassessment of the therapeutic strategy in cases of rising levels of BCR-ABL as an early indication of loss of response.
Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: a Single-Centre Experience
Authors: Kakucs Enikő , Benedek I , Benedek Erzsébet , Köpeczi Judit Beáta , Tunyogi Aliz , Istrati Monica
Published: August 2013

Introduction: Autologous haemopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is an important treatment modality for patients with acute myeloid leukemia with low and intermediate risk disease. It has served advantages over allogenic transplantation, because it does not need a matched donor, there is no graft versus host disease, there are less complications and a faster immune reconstitution than in the allo-setting. The disadvantage is the lack of the graft versus leukaemia effect.

Materials and methods: In the Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit Tîrgu Mureș 14 patients with acute myeloid leukemia received an autologous SCT. Mobilization of the stem cells was performed using chemotherapy and granulocytic colony stimulating factor. The conditioning regimen for SCT consists in monotherapy with busulfan (Bu) 16 mg/kg, BuCy: busulfan in combination with Cyclophosphamide (CY) 120 mg/ kg or BuMel: Busulfan in association with Melphalan (Mel) 140 mg/m2.

Results: The median patient age was 36 years (range 20-55), 9 (64%) were males and 5 (36) were females and the median time interval from diagnosis to autologous SCT was 9 months (range 3-25). All the patients were transplanted successfully, all of them achieved a sustained neutrophil count (> 0.5 G/L), median time 11 days (9-15) and platelet count (> 20 G/L) median time 14 days (10-19) after transplantation.

Conclusions: We conclude that autologous stem cell transplantation is an effective treatment in acute myeloid leukemia with the possibility of long survival, particularly in patients with standard risk disease
Dominance Relations in the Light of Repairmechanisms in Family-doctor-Patient and Hospital Teacher-Student Encounters
Authors: Kránicz Rita , Hambuch Anikó , Hamar-Savay Judit , Rébék-Nagy G , Sárkány-Lőrinc Anita
Published: August 2013

Introduction: Repair mechanisms, both marked and unmarked, are present in institutional interactions including family doctor-patient and hospital teacher-student encounters. While in most of the cases unmarked repair is carried out by the dominant partner, sometimes marked repair mechanisms are initiated by the client. The present study was undertaken to throw light upon these marked repairs. The aim of the study is to compare two interactions, the first is between a GP and a patient and the second is between a hospital teacher and a student.

Material and method: The dominance relations in the recorded and transcribed dialogues were shown as the first step in the investigation of the repairs. After realising typical repair mechanisms, the focus of the analysis is directed to special occasions, where the initiator is not the dominant participant.

Results: The doctor-patient relationship can be characterized by the dominance of the doctor and in the teacher-student encounter by the dominance of the teacher. Although in most of the cases the dominant participant initiates the turns, the initiation of the non-dominant party can also be observed, in 16-20 % of the encounters.

Conclusions: The relatively frequent repairs of the non-dominant party suggests a diversion from the conventions of the institutional talk, which requires further investigation.
Hedging in Popular Scientific Articles on Medicine
Authors: Csongor Alexandra , Rébék-Nagy G
Published: August 2013

Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the process of rewriting medical research papers for the lay public. The latest findings of medical research often appear in the popular media. It is interesting to see what happens to a scientific text when it is transmitted to a new audience. Hedging is usually interpreted as a characteristic feature of scientific discourse. This study focuses on hedging, which also tends to be applied in popularized articles in the field of medicine.

Material and method: Five medical research articles on prenatal vitamins and their online popularizations were examined by means of a text analyzing software, focusing on lexical items considered as hedges. The frequency and the overall percentage of hedging devices with respect to the total number of words were recorded in the five popularizations.

Results: The results of the present study suggest that the linguistic strategy of hedging is applied in popular articles. Approximators, auxiliaries, epistemic verbs and adverbs expressing tentativeness, possibility and politeness were used in the corpus. The overall percentage of the lexical items commonly regarded as hedges, with respect to the total number of words, was 1-2.2% in the five articles. The writers also use linguistic techniques that can be interpreted as attribution shields. These defense tools convey the meaning that it is the researcher, rather than the writer, who is responsible for the truth of the information.

Conclusions: Hedging as a means of uncertainty and negative politeness technique is used in the popularizations analyzed. The present study should be extended to investigate tendencies in popularization of scientific information.
Soft Tissue Injuries in Hungarian and Austrian Clinical Diagnostic Reports
Authors: Fogarasi-Nuber Katalin , Rébék-Nagy G
Published: August 2013

Introduction: In addition to providing first aid, primary treating doctors are required to describe and register injuries acquired in accidents and assaults. They should do this with the highest possible accuracy, as this official document is often the only documentary evidence of soft tissue injuries in case a lawsuit is filed later. Characteristics of injuries may disappear faster with the healing process of the soft tissue, making it impossible for forensic experts to deduce the weapon involved. Consequently, terminological accuracy is a prerequisite for the appropriate reconstruction of the type and severity of injuries. This study aims at analysing reports on soft tissue injuries in Hungary and Austria from the terminological point of view. It is meant to reveal inaccuracies in the use of noun phrases impairing objective and accurate forensic assessment.

Material and method: A corpus-based analysis was conducted on 200 Medical Diagnostic Reports (MDRs) from Hungary and Austria (100 from each country) with the linguistic software WordSmith 5.0. Results were processed in Microsoft Excel and demonstrated in graphs.

Results: The analysis showed that terminology describing soft tissue injuries is not consistent. Comparatively few characteristics of injuries were recorded in both sub-corpuses. Due to inconsistent use of terms and missing characteristics, 17 % of the Hungarian and 18% of the Austrian MDRs were not completely assessable by forensic experts.

Conclusions: Describing injuries for legal purposes needs standardisation.
Nutritional Approach of Pediatric Patients Diagnosed with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Togănel Rodica
Published: August 2013

Congenital heart defects are among the most frequent anomalies present at birth, representing a heterogeneous group of malformations, both in terms of pathogenesis and clinical significance of the lesion. Failure to grow is well documented in infants with complex congenital heart defects; the presence of associated chromosomal abnormalities, cyanosis, and cardiac failure adds to the complexity and challenge. Malnutrition etiology can be grouped into the following three categories: inadequate intake, inefficient absorption and utilization, and/or increased energy needs. The consequences of malnutrition are both short and long term, timely nutritional intervention being necessary in order to maintain an adequate nutritional state. Because there are several types of congenital heart defects and multiple mechanisms by which they produce failure to thrive, no single strategy will be adequate to treat all cases. Medical complications such as chylotorax, necrotizing enterocolitis, laryngeal and neurological dysfunction play a major role in the requisite nutrition therapy in infants with congenital heart defect; limited access to human milk and parenteral concerns, as well as stress about feeding are also factors that can contribute to poor outcomes concerning nutrition and growth. Protocols are being considered and designed, and a systematic approach is always needed. The quality of life for patient and family, as well as getting the child back on track for age-appropriate development are always at the fore-front of each care plan.
Influence of Ephemeris Error on GPS Single Point Positioning Accuracy
Authors: Lihua Ma , Wang Meng
Published: August 2013

The Global Positioning System (GPS) user makes use of the navigation message transmitted from GPS satellites to achieve its location. Because the receiver uses the satellite's location in position calculations, an ephemeris error, a difference between the expected and actual orbital position of a GPS satellite, reduces user accuracy. The influence extent is decided by the precision of broadcast ephemeris from the control station upload. Simulation analysis with the Yuma almanac show that maximum positioning error exists in the case where the ephemeris error is along the line-of-sight (LOS) direction. Meanwhile, the error is dependent on the relationship between the observer and spatial constellation at some time period.
Propagation of Cylindrical Rayleigh Waves in a Transversly Isotropic Thermoelastic Diffusive Solid Half-Space
Authors: Kumar Rajneesh , Kansal Tarun
Published: August 2013

The propagation of cylindrical Rayleigh waves in a trans- versely isotropic thermoelastic diffusive solid half-space subjected to stress free, isothermal/insulated and impermeable or isoconcentrated boundary conditions is investigated in the framework of different theories of ther- moelastic diffusion. The dispersion equation of cylindrical Rayleigh waves has been derived. The phase velocity and attenuation coefficients have been computed from the dispersion equation by using Muller’s method. Some special cases of dispersion equation are also deduced
A Numerical Approach for Estimating the Effects of Multiple Earthquakes to Seismic Response of Structures Strengthened by Cable-Elements
Authors: Liolios Asterios , Liolios Angelos , Hatzigeorgiou George
Published: August 2013

The behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) frames, which have been strengthened by cable elements and are subjected to multi- ple earthquakes, is numerically investigated. The purpose is to estimate damage indices in order to compare the seismic response of the structures before and after the retrofit by cable element strengthening and to select the optimum strengthening version
Long-Term Strength of Polymer Blends from Recycled Materials
Authors: Krastev R. K. , Djoumaliisky S. , Borovanska I.
Published: August 2013

This report presents data on the long-term strength of five composites made of plastic waste. They contain low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene (LDPE, HDPE, PP and PS). Long-term strength is determined experimentally by tensile creep to fracture. The experimentally determined long-term strength is compared to predictions for its probabilistic boundaries. The calculation method of these predictions uses data from short-term experiments. The calculated predictions are true for four compositions which exhibit ductile fracture. The composite containing 50 wt.% PS has the greatest strength (of the tested specimens) and has brittle fracture. Its calculated estimate of long-term strength is not consistent with the experimental one.
Strength-Deformation Properties of Fine-Grained Fibre-Reinforced Concretes
Authors: Mironova M. , Naidenov V.
Published: August 2013

The main strength-deformation properties of fine-grained fiber-reinforced concretes with different type and quantity of fibres, used as repair overlays, are discussed. The results of mechanical properties of experimental compositions are obtained and generalized for two basis ages and standard laboratory environment. The experimental results are mathematical processed using MATLAB procedure. The basic character- istics - residual strength, toughness indexes and residual strength factors are obtained as a function of type as well as quantity of the hybrid fibre- reinforcement.
Strain Energy Release Rate Determination in the Case of Mode II Crack in Overhanging Bilayered Composite Beam
Authors: Rizov Victor I. , Mladensky Angel S.
Published: August 2013

Mode II crack in overhanging bilayered composite beam is investigated. The beam has rectangular cross-section and is made by two unidirectional fiber reinforced composites. The formula for strain energy release rate, G, is obtained by linear elastic fracture mechanics compliance technique. The validity of the expression derived is established by comparison with solution for G in which the internal forces in front and behind the crack tip are used. The influence of the two layers moduli of elasticity ratio on the strain energy release rate is investigated. The dependence among the strain energy release rate and the ratio of the lengths of the overhang beam part and the beam span is also analyzed.
The role of chitinases and glucanases in somatic embryogenesis of black pine and hybrid firs
Authors: Fráterová Lenka , Salaj Terézia , Matušíková Ildikó , Salaj Ján
Published: August 2013

Glucanase and chitinase enzymes play an important role in different plant processes including defense against pathogens and morphogenesis. Moreover, their role in the processes of somatic embryogenesis has been demonstrated. It has been suggested, that the presence of this type of proteins might be a marker for embryogenic potential of callus cultures. In this work we screened for the presence of glucanases and chitinases in liquid growth media of a set of conifer embryogenic cell lines in order to find correlation with their embryogenic potential. We have found that none of the 12 chitinase isoforms detected in culture media of Pinus nigra Arn. or the nine chitinases detected in media with Abies alba × A. cephalonica and Abies alba × A. numidica embryogenic tissues could be linked to their embryogenic capacity. Similarly, none of the six glucanase isoforms detected in the extracellular fluid of Pinus nigra Arn. cultures can be assigned as a marker of embryogenic potential. Thus, our data indicate the large variability and doubtless importance of glucanases and chitinases for cell growth and development of somatic embryos, however, do not support the premise that they are markers of embryogenesis.
The Scientific and Cultural Background of the Innovation Development in Slovak Republic, Ukraine, Russia and Hungary
Authors: Jurkovičová Lujza , Miroslava Sheverja , Volodimir Kubiniy
Published: August 2013

This article is devoted to the results of the analysis of scientific background in the field of development and research. The purpose of this paper is to assess the employment and financing research and development sphere in Slovakia, Hungary, Ukraine and Russia, which allows to determine the prospects of sectors that include research and development and to explain ways to enhance their effectiveness. The analysis if statistic information allows estimating the level of science support in Ukraine and determining the possible benefits for competitiveness of the national economy.
Abstract Pythagorean Theorem and Corresponding Functional Equations
Authors: Ger Roman
Published: August 2013

Motivated by a result of [Lucio R. Berrone: The associativity of the Pythagorean law, Amer. Math. Monthly 116 (2009), 936-939] we deal with the functional equation

and its variants to distinguish the classical Pythagorean theorem from among its numerous abstract generalizations.
Real Functions and the Extension of Generalized Probability Measures
Authors: Havlíčková Jana
Published: August 2013

In the classical probability, as well as in the fuzzy probability theory, random events and probability measures are modelled by functions into the closed unit interval [0,1]. Using elementary methods of category theory, we present a classification of the extensions of generalized probability measures (probability measures and integrals with respect to probability measures) from a suitable class of generalized random events to a larger class having some additional (algebraic and/or topological) properties. The classification puts into a perspective the classical and some recent constructions related to the extension of sequentially continuous functions.
Dependence of ionicity and mechanical properties on valence electron density in binary tetrahedral semiconductors
Authors: Bahadur Amar , Mishra Madhukar
Published: August 2013

Interesting relationships have been found between the electron density parameter, average bond length, homopolar energy gap, heteropolar energy gap, ionicity, bulk modulus and microhardness for binary tetrahedral semiconductors. The estimated values of these parameters are in good agreement with the available experimental values and theoretical findings. The electron density parameter data are the only input data to estimate all the above properties.
Biophysical characterization of human breast tissues by photoluminescence excitation-emission spectroscopy
Authors: Dramićanin Tatjana , Lenhardt Lea , Zeković Ivana , Dramićanin Miroslav D.
Published: August 2013

Fluorescence excitation-emission spectroscopy was used to investigate specimens of normal and malignant human breast tissues. Measurements were performed in two spectral regions: in the excitation range from 335nm to 400nm and emission range from 430nm to 625 nm, and in the excitation range from 400nm to 470nm and emission range from 500nm to 640 nm. It was found that fluorescence spectra are composed mainly of the emissions of extracellular proteins and that the differences in the intensity of their emissions reveal the changes in the tissue structure and morphology. These differences could be best observed in the emission spectra excited with 370 nm, 425nm and 455nm radiation. Statistical analysis revealed several spectral subregions that exhibited extremely significant statistical difference between normal and malignant breast tissues. The origin of these differences was elaborated, and prospects for optical diagnostics of breast cancer was discussed.
Germanness or Rights? Second Generation Young Adults and Citizenship in Contemporary Germany
Authors: Williams Daniel
Published: August 2013

Scholarship on citizenship-in its definition as nationality or formal membership in the state-has been both the basis for evaluating and comparing national citizenships as "ethnocultural" or "civic," and used to imply the meaning of citizenship to prospective citizens, particularly immigrants and non-citizen residents. Doing so ignores a perspective on citizenship "from below," and oversimplifies the multiplicity of meanings that individuals may attach to citizenship. This article seeks to fill this gap in scholarship by examining young adult second-generation descendants of immigrants in Germany. The second generation occupies a unique position for examining the meaning of citizenship, based on the fact that they were born and grew up in Germany, and are thus more likely than adult immigrants to be able to become citizens as well as to claim national belonging to Germany. Among the varied meanings of citizenship are rights-based understandings, which are granted to some non-citizens and not others, as well as identitarian meanings which may depend on everyday cultural practices as well as national origin. Importantly, these meanings of citizenship are not arbitrary among the second generation; citizenship status and gender appear to inform understandings of citizenship, while national origin and transnational ties appear to be less significant for the meaning of citizenship.