bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Sugarcane Bagasse Biochar in Concrete for Carbon Sequestration
Authors: Tirpude Vikram R.
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Embodied carbon from manufacturing of cement is increasing day by day as constructions are happening everywhere so the consumption of cement is increasing by default. In next decade there are much more constructions are going to takes place that will lead to Increase in GHG’s emissions from cement manufacturing. It is supposed to be a threat to climate . To reduce this increase in embodied carbon there is need to reduce cement consumption by partially replacing cement with other suitable options. biochar which is a by-product of pyrolysis of biomass and is effective in carbon sequestration activity and results in high water and carbon dioxide holding capacity. In this study Sugarcane bagasse biochar is used in concrete and mortar as partial replacement of cement for carbon sequestration. Strength characteristics of materials are supposed to be interlinked with pozzolanic activity hence pretreatment is done with 0.1 N HCl to enhance pozzolanic property activity of biochar. This pozzolanic activity is calculated by considering Ca(OH)2 fixation during the titration in chapelle test. From the study results its is observed that pretreatment with 0.1 N HCl at room temperature is sufficient to increase the pozzolanic activity of biochar also this Sugarcane bagasse biochar is observed to be sequestering carbon dioxide and it is increasing with increase in biochar. But compressive strength of concrete is decreasing with increase in sugarcane bagasse biochar. Hence it is not suitable to be used in construction work but can be used in plaster mortar where no much compressive strength is required . Sugarcane bagasse biochar can act as carbon sequestering media in concrete but it can’t be recommended in concrete or mortar for construction work.
Pengaruh Dana Bagi Hasil (DBH) Dan Dana Desa Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Dengan Belanja Modal Sebagai Variabel Moderasi Di Koridor Bali – Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Putri Nova Rizkya Ning , Nuraini Ida
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of profit-sharing funds and village funds with capital expenditure as a moderating variable in the Bali-Nusa Tenggara Corridor. The data used is secondary data obtained from BPS and the directorate general of financial balances using the panel data regression method using the random effects model and moderating regression analysis for the moderation test. The results of this study indicate that revenue sharing and village funds have a significant effect on economic growth in the Bali-Nusa Tenggara Corridor with capital expenditure acting as a moderating variable
Analisis Konvergensi Ekonomi Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Bali
Authors: Kirana Tiara Candra
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine whether there has been absolute convergence and conditional convergence in regencies/cities in Bali Province in 2017-2021. The data used are secondary data sourced from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The analysis used in this study is Panel Data Regression Analysis using the Common Effect Model approach to determine the existence of absolute convergence, while to determine the existence of conditional convergence using the Random Effect Model approach. Convergence analysis is used to see whether regions with low economies can catch up with regions with high economies. Based on the results of the analysis, it is shown that in 2017-2021 there has been absolute convergence and conditional convergence in Regencies/Cities in the Province of Bali.
 
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah telah terjadi konvergensi absolut dan konvergensi kondisional pada Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi bali tahun 2017-2021. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Analisis Regresi data Panel dengan menggunakan pendekatan Common Effect Model (CEM) untuk mengetahui adanya konvergensi absolut dan Random Effect Model (REM) untuk mengetahui adanya konvergensi kondisional. Analisis konvergensi digunakan untuk melihat apakah daerah dengan perekonomian rendah dapat mengejar ketertinggalannya terhadap daerah dengan perekonomian yang tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 2017-2021 telah terjadi konvergensi absolut dan konvergensi kondisional pada Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Bali.
Analisis Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (SDGs): Mengurangi Kesenjangan di Provinsi Jawa Timur
Authors: Novilla Imriyani Nindy
Published: May 2024

One of the goals of sustainable development is to reduce income inequality. This research aims to find out what variables influence the income gap. The research objects were 38 regencies/cities in East Java. The data used in the study is secondary data for 2019 - 2022 sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of East Java Province, which was taken using documentation techniques. The analytical tool used is panel data regression. The research results show that the average length of schooling positively and significantly affects income inequality. The Population Growth Rate has a negative and significant effect on Income Inequality. Economic Growth has a positive and significant impact on Income Inequality.
O aborto na perspectiva de graduandos em enfermagem
Authors: Santos Iara Ferreira Silva Oliveira dos , Rodrigues Larissa Silva de Abreu , Suto Cleuma Sueli Santos
Published: May 2024

Objetivos: Explorar as representações sociais de estudantes de enfermagem sobre o abortamento provocado e discutir as representações sociais sobre o cuidado de enfermagem à mulheres em processo de abortamento ou pós-aborto com complicações. Método: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, fundamentado na Teoria das Representações Sociais, realizado com 16 estudantes de enfermagem do curso de Enfermagem da região do nordeste do Brasil, realizado no período de novembro de 2022. Foi utilizado como critério de inclusão ser estudante de enfermagem devidamente matriculado(a) no semestre 2022.2 da UNEB e de exclusão ser menor de 18 anos. Os dados foram coletados através da entrevista semiestruturada e analisados por meio do software Iramuteq que gerou a Classificação Hierárquica Descendente. Resultados: Após o processamento dos dados e o agrupamento das palavras feito pelo sistema, obteve-se a classificação dos segmentos de texto e a definição dos nomes das classes: Classe 1: Cuidado de enfermagem à mulher em situação de aborto; Classe 2: Representação do abortamento provocado na perspectiva dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos e sua legalização como forma de reduzir o risco de complicações e morte; Classe 3: Representação do abortamento provocado na perspectiva dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos e sua legalização como forma de reduzir o risco de complicações e morte. Conclusão: Torna-se necessário que na graduação o tema seja discutido com mais frequência para que se possa ampliar o conhecimento frente aos desafios e complexidades que futuros profissionais irão lidam na prestação de cuidados à mulheres em processo de abortamento ou pós-aborto com complicações.
Assessment of Urinary Tract Infections Among Female Patients Attending Ruhengeri Referral Hospital
Authors: Alain Prudence Ishimwe , Evariste Ntezirizaza , Clementine Yamukujije , Hiberte Migabo , Consolée Uwamahoro , Jean De Dieu Tuyishime
Published: May 2024

Background:  Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the inflammatory disorders of the urinary tract caused by the abnormal growth of pathogens. UTI is known to cause short-term morbidity in terms of fever, dysuria, and lower abdominal pain (LAP) and may result in permanent scarring of the kidney. The presence of bacteria in the urine, known as bacteriuria, may be indicative of infection or colonization of the urinary tract, but it may also be due to bacterial contamination occurring during collection of a specimen.
Aim: The present study was done in order to identify the bacteria causing UTI from female patients.
Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted on female patients who were attending Ruhengeri Referral Hospital in a period of two months from October to November 2021. Urine samples were collected from patients who were requested to urinary test with respect to standard procedures. Samples were processed and analyzed at INES-Ruhengeri microbiology laboratory where gram stain and culture as well as biochemical test were performed in order to make microbial identification. From the results patients who were found with UTI, their structured questionnaire was taken into consideration in order to determine the associated risk factors. 
Results: The outcomes of the study indicated that E.coli, K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, Enterobacter ssp and S. saprophyticus were isolated from patients urine sample where E. coli is more present in patients sample where it has been found at 60%(18) samples. The least isolated bacteria in patient’s samples are Enterrobacter spp and S. saprophyticus at frequency of 2(6.7) per each bacterium. The risk factor associated with urinary tract infection in female patients attended Ruhengeri-referral-hospital in a period of study, the results indicated that douching in secret parts twice a day is associated with UTI with P-value equivalent to 0.001.
Conclusion: This study was intended to assess the UTI among female patients. The study findings indicated that E.coli, K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, Enterobacter ssp and S. saprophyticus are more likely to be found in urinary tract of female. The study finding has indicated also that poor hygienic life style increases the risk of being infected by UTIs.
Evaluation of CD4 Count in HIV Infected Pregnant Women at Kibagabaga Level Two Teaching Hospital
Authors: NTEZIRIZAZA Evariste , Alain Prudence Ishimwe , Habanabakize Baptiste Jean , Jean De Dieu Tuyishime
Published: May 2024

CD4 count measures the degree of immunosuppression in HIV-positive patients and is used to monitor HIV infection progression in human body. HIV is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system and if not treated, can lead to AIDS The rate of CD4 cells destruction is directly proportional to progressive replication of HIV. Pregnant women infected with HIV have high risk of mother to child transmission of HIV infection and are prone to excessive immunosuppression and increased viral load if their CD4 cell count is not properly maintained. Pregnancy may influence CD4 cells count reduction or don’t, that’s why this study focused on evaluation of CD4 count in HIV infected pregnant women. The objectives of this study were to determine the association between pregnancy trimesters and CD4 count among HIV infected pregnant women at KDH. The study was a cross sectional study which included 46 patients who visited kibagabaga level two teaching hospital in 5 months. Data were obtained by collecting venous blood of patients, testing their CD4 count and use of a questionnaire to evaluate the risk factors associated with changes in CD4 count. Data collected were analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software version 22.0 and Microsoft word, the presentation of results was done using tables. Variables with p-value less than or equal to 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The study showed that there is an association between pregnancy trimesters and CD4 count among HIV infected pregnant women where 21(45.6%) women were in third trimester and had the highest CD4 count compared to women in the 2nd trimester 14(30.4%) followed by women in 1st trimester 11(24%) with p-value of 0.04 which is statistically significant. In evaluated CD4 count changes, associated risk factors were, antiretroviral treatment intake, diet intake, education level, pregnancy trimester, and closely spaced pregnancies. Which were found to have p-values 0.00, 0.00, 0.04, 0.04 and 0.01 that were statistically significant respectively.
Keywords: HIV, CD4 Count, Pregnant women
Health Risks Associated with Tobacco Consumption in Humans: An Overview
Authors: Sakthisankaran Shanmugam M , Sakthipriya Devaraj , Swamivelmanickam Mahalingam
Published: May 2024

Tobacco use remains a significant public health concern globally, with over 8 million anticipated deaths annually by 2030, despite declining rates in some high-income nations. Smoking is prevalent worldwide, particularly in developing and middle-income countries, where over 80% of smokers reside. The inhalation of tobacco substances leads to various diseases, including cancer and respiratory ailments, resulting in more deaths than AIDS, tuberculosis, and other major causes combined. Secondhand smoke exposure also poses significant health risks. The economic burden of tobacco-related deaths and diseases is substantial, especially in low- and middle-income economies, where almost 80% of tobacco-related deaths occur. Lack of awareness, societal influence, and ineffective enforcement of anti-tobacco laws contribute to widespread tobacco use. Although anti-tobacco campaigns and policies have shown some success, challenges persist, particularly in rural areas where tobacco dependence is high. In India, despite declining tobacco use attributed to awareness campaigns and increased taxes on cigarettes, certain demographics, such as middle-aged individuals, illiterates, and rural residents, continue to have high tobacco consumption rates due to inadequate implementation of anti-tobacco norms and limited access to information. Quitting smoking can significantly extend life expectancy and reduce the risk of smoking-related diseases. However, nicotine addiction poses a challenge, with only a small percentage of users successfully quitting without assistance. Professional support and cessation drugs can double the likelihood of successful quitting, and nicotine replacement therapy has shown effectiveness. Overall, there is no safe level of cigarette use, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive tobacco control efforts to mitigate the global health and economic impacts of tobacco use. This review deals with the health risks associated with tobacco consumption in humans.
Keywords: Tobacco, Nicotine, Carcinogens, Cancer, Cardiovascular diseases.
Anti-mitotic Activity of Methanolic Extract of Thevetia peruviana fruits
Authors: Kanthal Lakshmi Kanta , Pattanayak Suman , Roy Susmita , Panda Pritish Kumar , Ari Rahul , Mondal Sanchayan , Midya Saikat , Golui Argho
Published: May 2024

Thevetia peruviana plant, a member of the Apocynaceae family, has a long history in traditional medicine for treating various ailments such as amenorrhea, malaria, jaundice, hemorrhoids, constipation, headaches, and skin issues. It contains significant amounts of cardiac glycosides in both its roots and seeds, which are known for their cytotoxic effects similar to digoxin. Given its potential toxicity and widespread use, current research is focused on assessing the antimitotic properties of the methanolic extract derived from the fruits of Thevetia peruviana. In the pursuit of potential pharmaceutical findings from plants, the antimitotic properties of the extracts were investigated through the Allium cepa assay. The findings indicated a noteworthy decrease in the mitotic index of root tips compared to the control, with the degree of mitotic suppression escalating alongside the concentration of the extracts. Therefore, the study suggests that the methanol extract derived from T. peruviana fruit has notable inhibitory and mitodepressive impacts on cell division in Allium cepa L. meristems.
Keywords: Thebetia peruviana, Anti-mitotic Activity, Allium cepa assay, mitotic index
Formulation and Evaluation of Ethosomal Cream containing Resveratrol for the Treatment of Contact Dermatitis
Authors: Kaundal Nidhika , Kumar Pravin
Published: May 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate ethosomal cream containing resveratrol for the treatment of contact dermatitis.
Method: Resveratrol-loaded ethosome was prepared using cold method. The prepared ethosomes were assessed for entrapment efficiency (%), TEM analysis and sedimentation rate to determine the optimal formulation for loading into cream base. The selected formulation was further investigated for particle size distribution and zeta potential. A cream base was formulated using fusion and trituration method and selected for loading with the ethosomal suspension, meeting specification suitable for topical delivery.  Ethosomal cream formulations were evaluated for drug content, ex -vitro diffusion by using goat skin, skin retention, microbiological study and stability study. 
Result and Discussion: The formulation E3 was selected for loading in the optimized cream base (F4) to obtain a topical cream containing ethosomes of resveratrol. The release study reveals that release was controlled for the 24 hours. The drug release in buffer was less than 17% from all the formulations after 24 hours. The drug content of resveratrol in goat skin and cream remained in donor compartment indicates that the drug retention in skin was high in all the formulations, which is desirable for the topical formulations. The best possible release kinetics of the formulation loaded with resveratrol containing ethosomes was found to be zero order. The ‘n’ value from Peppas’s model indicated that the drug release was by Fickian diffusion. Stability study indicates that all the cream formulations were stable after a time period of one month.
Conclusion: The present study conclusively supported that ethosomal cream containing resveratrol to be an advantageous topical drug delivery system in treatment of ACD. However detail in- vivo study should be conducted in future to be justify the in- vitro study.
Keywords: Resveratrol, Ethosome, Cream, Contact dermatitis.
Biopharmaceutical distribution and pharmacodynamic evaluation of intra nasal in-situ gel of Lamotrigine for brain targeted drug delivery
Authors: Indira Muzib Y , Aruna Kumari D R , Ambedkar Y R
Published: May 2024

Background: The present research investigates the nasal delivery of Lamotrigine by incorporating it into a natural in-situ gelling system. Additionally, the retention of the drug in the nasal cavity was enhanced by employing the natural mucoadhesive polymer locust bean gum (LBG). A preliminary investigation was conducted to determine the optimal concentration of gellan gum. The dosage of the drug was calculated using the Robinson Erikson equation. The central composite design was utilized to optimize the influence of individual variables such as gellan gum and locust bean gum on various responses, including gelation time, gel viscosity, mucoadhesive strength, and the time taken for the drug to release half of its initial concentration (t50). The goal of the current study was to evaluate the in-vivo effectiveness of intra nasal in-situ gel of Lamotrigine.
Methodology: The pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies were carried out to evaluate the brain targeting efficiency of lamotrigine. Blood samples and tissues of various vital organs like brain, liver, kidneys and heart were obtained at different time intervals, plasma and tissue concentration of Lamotrigine was estimated by reverse phase HPLC.
Results: According to the pharmacokinetic analysis, Cmax and AUC0-α is found to be significantly more (P<0.05) for nasal route compared to oral route. In comparison to the oral route, Cmax and AUC0-α was 7 and 6.5 folds more for IN route. The absolute bioavailability was found to be 159.07%. with regard to the oral group, minimal drug was present in any of the other tissue samples. In the pharmacodynamic data also the formulation through nasal route showed a significant difference compared to oral route (pure drug suspension) delivery in PTZ induced study.
Keywords: Lamotrigine, in-vivo study, tissue distribution, pharmacodynamics
Exploring Neuroprotective Botanical Remedies in Neurodegenerative Conditions: A Review
Authors: Sharma Ankit , Malhotra Meenakshi , Singh Amar Pal , Singh Ajeet Pal
Published: May 2024

Neuroprotection refers to the mechanisms and strategies used to protect the Central Nervous System (CNS) from neuronal injuries caused by neurodegenerative disorders. Neurodegenerative disorders are a type of chronic condition in which parts of the nervous system deteriorate over time, most notably the brain. These disorders have a slow and gradual effect on an individual. Neurodegeneration is a neuropathological condition and brain aging process. The brain pathology of neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, with a death rate of approximately 8% and an incidence rate of approximately 2/1000. It is a major health issue in the twenty-first century. According to researchers, this disease affects over 50 million people worldwide. These disorders primarily affect people over the age of 65, and the World Health Organization predicts that this number will more than double in the next 30 years. Confusion, difficulty thinking, pain, muscle spasms, behavioral changes, paralysis, tremors, balance problems, coordination issues, hunched posture, and fatigue are symptoms of these disorders. These disorders are caused by age, genetics, medical history, habits, routine, and environment. This review article is focused on herbs such as Crocus sativus and Curcuma longa which are very helpful in Neurodegenerative diseases and serve as a resource for future research.
Keywords: Neurodegeneration, Medicinal Herbs, Neuroprotection, Neuroprotective plants, Parkinson, Alzheimer.
A Holistic Approach to Parkinson's Disease: Integrating Advances in Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Therapy
Authors: Kumar Lalit , Malhotra Meenakshi , Sharma Ankit , Singh Ajeet Pal , Singh Amar Pal
Published: May 2024

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions worldwide, with an increasing burden projected in the coming years. It involves complex neurological decline primarily affecting the Substantia nigra and Locus coeruleus, leading to motor and non-motor symptoms.
Objective: This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Parkinson's disease, including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and available therapies, encompassing both traditional pharmaceutical treatments and emerging technological advancements.
Methods: A thorough review of literature was conducted, synthesizing information from various studies and clinical trials to elucidate the current understanding of Parkinson's disease and its management strategies.
Results: Parkinson's disease is characterized by the gradual loss of dopamine-producing cells and the presence of Lewy bodies in the brain. Diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation, and treatment typically involves pharmaceutical interventions such as levodopa, COMT inhibitors, dopamine agonists, and deep brain stimulation. Additionally, advancements in technology offer promising avenues for objective symptom assessment and personalized treatment approaches.
Conclusion: The management of Parkinson's disease requires a multidisciplinary approach, integrating traditional pharmacological treatments with emerging technologies and complementary therapies like dance therapy, tai chi, and speech therapy. By combining these diverse modalities, healthcare professionals can provide more effective and personalized care, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for individuals living with Parkinson's disease.
Keywords: Parkinson's disease, medical therapy, device-aided therapy, alternative interventions, personalized treatment, neurodegenerative disorder
Bioanalytical Method Development and Validation and forced degradation of Sitagliptin and determination of Pharmacokinetic application study in Human Plasma by RP-HPLC method
Authors: Kumar Shanthi Diraviyam Shanmuga , Kotte Mahendar , Rao N Keerthana , Jyothi Vollem , Pavani Juttu , Shivani Ashritha , Sundar P Shyam
Published: May 2024

In the present investigation, an attempt was made for the development, validation, forced degradation and pharmacokinetic application of sitagliptin in the human plasma spiking studies by UV - HPLC method. The experimentation was developed based on the extensive literature survey and ascertained by the statistical parameters of the sampling. A simplified, accurate method was created by the liquid chromatographic system from Shimadazu LC 20AD consisting of manual injection. The optimized chromatogram was obtained with acetonitrile in the isocratic mobile phase method at a 1.0 mL/min flow rate. A thermo C-8 column (4.6X250mm,5μm) was used as a stationary phase, and 265.0nm was selected as the detection wavelength with the aid of a UV-Vis detector. The proposed method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The technique was linear in the range of 10-50μg/mL with correlation coefficient R2 = 0.9746, respectively. Recovery studies postulated that % RSD 19.14, 3 & 9.95 respectively. Injection repeatability values were found to be % RSD 17 & 10.63 for intraday and interday, respectively. Stress degradation studies revealed that sitagliptin degrades more rapidly when subjected to 0.1 NaoH. Human plasma spiking studies reported 3.02 ng/mL at 3.02+/-60 min of C and T max, respectively.
Keywords: Sitagliptin, Method development, HPLC, Validation, Stress degradation studies, Human plasma spiking studies
Nutritional and Therapeutic Values of Cow Milk: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Bibi Chand , Husain Safder , Nigar Zar
Published: May 2024

Milk is the most necessary food for humans because it provides almost all nutrients such as the most nutritious protein, calcium, essential fatty acids, water-soluble vitamins, and other bioactive compounds responsible for maintaining health and other physiological functions. Milk has also been used effectively in the Unani system of medicine for centuries to improve complexion and to treat other ailments (especially dermatological disorders). For skin brightening, Unani physicians mentioned the use of the paste made up of powdered tukhm e kharpazah (seeds of musk melon), aarad e nakhud (powdered chickpea) each 2 parts, arad e baqla(powdered broad beans), aarad e jau (powdered barley) each 1 part, adas muqashshar (powdered lentil), nishasta (corn flour), kateera (tragacanth gum) each half part, tukhm e turb (radish seeds) 1/4th part, za’fran (saffron) a little and milk at night on the face and advice to wash the face with the decoction of banafsha (sweet violet) and post kharpaza (musk melon fruit epicarp) in the morning. Milk has several therapeutic actions too e.g. Musammin e Badan (adipogenous), Muhallil (anti-inflammatory), Mugharri (glutinous- Mugharri drug is a cold and dry substance with a small amount of viscid moisture that coats the surface and constricts pores. It moisturizes the skin and makes it appear lighter), Mohsin e laun (fairness activity), Ghassal (irrigator), Tiryaq (antidote), and Muqawwi (general tonic), etc. There are some scientific reports on the anti-hyperpigmentation effect of cow milk in which a paste of cow milk and powdered roasted red lentils was tested to enhance the complexion. They found significantly effective result on the Fitzpatrick scale, enhanced complexion, and reduced tanning as well as dullness. The main objective of this article is to present cow milk's nutritional and therapeutic activity.
Keywords: Cow milk, Unani medicine, Nutrition, Skin Tanning, Skin Brightening.
A Comprehensive Review of Medication Errors in Modern Healthcare
Authors: Unnissa Zeenath , Unnisa Maher , Khan Shayesta
Published: May 2024

Medication errors are regarded as a significant contributor to the morbidity and mortality rates among patients. These errors encompass any mistake made during the prescription, dispensing, administration, or consumption of medication, as well as the monitoring of therapy. Such errors often stem from factors such as insufficient knowledge, limited staff and resources, issues with medication naming and labeling, and inadequate communication among patients, physicians, and pharmacists. Nonetheless, it is crucial to detect these errors, as shortcomings in healthcare systems can lead to seemingly minor mistakes like misuse and abuse, which may ultimately result in more serious errors. The act of reporting a medication error holds great importance in enhancing the quality of life for patients and reducing the financial burden of re-hospitalization. The primary responsibility of a clinical pharmacist is to identify and assess medication errors with the aim of enhancing patient safety and therapeutic results. By closely monitoring the drug therapy administered to patients in a hospital setting and promptly informing healthcare providers of any inconsistencies discovered, the likelihood of medication errors occurring in hospitalized patients can be minimized.
Keywords: Medication error, misuse, patient safety, quality of life
Design and Evaluation of Gastro-Retentive Floating Tablets of Ibandronic acid
Authors: Mehta Gagandeep , Kumar Rajesh , Singh Ajeet Pal , Singh Amar Pal
Published: May 2024

The objective of this study is Preparation and evaluation of gastro-retentive floating tablets of Ibandronic acid by direct compression method polymers or combination. In this study, Ibandronic acid, the most commonly used biphosphonate for treating osteoporosis, was formulated as gastro retentive dosage form (GRDF) tablets to enhance its oral bioavailability. GRDDs are an approach to prolong gastric residence time, there by targeting site-specific drug release in the upper GIT for local or systemic effect.  GRDF tablets of Ibandronic acid (200 mg) were characterized with the effects of Carbopol 934P, HPMC 4KM and Na-CMC at various ratios on swelling, floating, physical integrity. A prolonged dissolution profile of Ibandronic acid GRDF tablets developed in this study was observed for its thickness, friability, hardness, drug content and in-vitro drug release. Formulated Floating tablets of Ibandronic acid gave satisfactory results for various physicochemical parameters like hardness, friability, thickness, weight variation and content uniformity. Sodium bicarbonate has predominant effect on the buoyancy lag time, while HPMC K4M has predominant effect on total floating time and drug release. From the study it is evident that a promising controlled release floating tablets of Ibandronic acid can be developed to increase gastric residence time and thereby increasing its bioavailability. Both doses significantly reduced the occurrence risk of new vertebral fractures by 50–52 percent when compared to the effects of the placebo drug.
Keywords:  Gastro retention, Ibandronic acid, floating tablet, Carbopol, GRDF, GRFT.
Management of Dubayla al-Kabid (Liver abscess) in Unani medicine: A review
Authors: Rahman Ziaur , Alam Shah , Ahmad Irfan , Shaikh Nikhat , Adil Mohammad , Yadav Piyush , Devi MK Nirmala
Published: May 2024

Dubayla al-Kabid (Liver abscess) is a condition in which collection of pus occurs in the liver commonly involving the right lobe. Traditional Unani medicine offers a detailed description of liver disorders alongwith their management. Causative factors of Dubayla al-Kabid include- infection, chronic dysentery, liver injury, cholelithiasis, irregular diets etc. The symptoms are fever with chills, abdominal pain, loss of appetite and difficulty in breathing.  The line of treatment under Usool-e-Ilaj of the disease is based on evacuation of pus, use of medicines with Dāfi‘-i-Ḥummā (Antipyretic) , Daf‘-i-Ta‘affun (Antiseptic), Muḥāfiẓ-i-Jigar (Hepatoprotective) and Muqawwī-i-Jigar(Liver tonic) properties. In contemporary medicine liver abscess is an encapsulated collection of suppurated material within the liver resulting from either fungal, bacterial, or parasitic infection. Although Klebsiella pneumoniae accounts for 50–70% of cases in the Asian subcontinent, Entamoeba histolytica is also frequently seen in routine clinical practice causing liver abscesses. Escherichia coli is the most common bacterium causing liver abscesses. Thus, infection that spreads throughout the biliary system is one of the most frequent causes of liver abscess requiring antibiotics.  The drainage of pus is the treatment of choice in cases of large abscess while small liver abscess of 2-3 cm is conventionally treated with antibiotics. Antimicrobial resistance and persistence are associated with an elevated risk of treatment failure and relapsing infections. Hence there is a need to explore the ages old treatment strategies for the management of small liver abscess laid down in traditional Unani medicine. This paper will further pave the way of developing novel therapies for the effective management of liver abscess.
Keywords:  Dubayla al-Kabid, Unani management, Usool-e-Ilaj
Investigation of the Efficacy of Zonisamide in Alcohol Induced Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Dönmezdil Nilüfer , Tunik Selçuk , Aşır Fırat , Duran Senem Çetin , Akinci Dilara , Duran Enis , Yıldızhan Eda , Peker Nurullah , Obut Mehmet
Published: May 2024

Subject: This research aims to evaluate the histological changes in liver tissue induced by alcohol consumption and to assess the effectiveness of zonisamide in treating alcohol-related hepatotoxicity.
Materials and Methods: The study utilized 40 adult Wistar albino rats, divided into four groups: a control (sham), an ethanol group, a zonisamide group, and a combination of ethanol and zonisamide (ethanol+zonisamide). Each group underwent a four-day binge drinking protocol to mimic excessive alcohol intake observed in humans. Zonisamide was administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg daily. Post-treatment, the liver tissues were collected, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and examined for histopathological changes.
Results: The control and zonisamide-only groups showed no abnormal liver or vascular alterations, indicating zonisamide's safety. In contrast, the ethanol group displayed significant liver damage, including vascular dilatation, congestion, and extensive cellular degeneration. Conversely, the ethanol+zonisamide group exhibited substantial histological improvements with noticeable reductions in vascular impairments and signs of hepatocyte regeneration, suggesting that zonisamide mitigates the detrimental effects of alcohol on the liver.
Conclusion: The study concludes that zonisamide has a protective effect against alcohol-induced liver damage. It appears to preserve the structural integrity of hepatocytes and supports cellular survival, potentially through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. These promising results advocate for further exploration of zonisamide as a therapeutic option for managing liver injuries associated with alcohol abuse. This study contributes significant insights into the therapeutic potential of zonisamide, encouraging more comprehensive investigations into its clinical applications in hepatology.
Keywords: Alcohol, Zonisamide, Hepatotoxicity
The efficacy of using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of androgenic alopecia: a literature review
Authors: Marques Mateus Ferreira , Simão Ana Júlia Mendes , Bellizia Ana Luiza , Oliveira Nicole Schena de , Labriola Ilana Cruz Silva
Published: May 2024

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is currently the primary cause of hair loss in both men and women. It is characterized by a progressive thinning of the hair follicles due to a shortening of the anagen phase of the hair growth cycle. The pathophysiology mainly involves the accumulation of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a metabolite of testosterone, and a chronic perifollicular inflammatory process. The objective of this study is to evaluate, through a literature review, the validity, protocols, and efficacy of the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of patients with AGA. It is a review conducted in the first half of 2024, using the PubMed and BVS databases, employing Descritores em Ciência e Saúde (alopecia, plasma rico em plaquetas, terapia) and Medical Subject Headings (alopecia, platelet-rich plasma, therapy). Inclusion criteria consisted of: a) articles published between 2022 and 2024; b) written in Portuguese or English; c) full-text articles available for free; d) research focused on PRP therapy for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in men. Twelve articles were included in the synthesis. Overall, the articles indicated that despite the need for standardized protocols, the use of PRP as a treatment for AGA shows promising results in the current context. The therapy demonstrated improvements in hair density and patient satisfaction, suggesting its potential as a viable option for managing androgenetic alopecia. Besides being a safe option with minimal side effects, its combination with other therapies, such as minoxidil, has brought beneficial outcomes for patients with this condition. 
Keywords: Alopecia, Platelet-Rich Plasma, Therapy
Exploratory factorial model of work strategic managementand commitment in the covid-19 era
Authors: García Lirios Cruz , Rincón-Ornelas Rosa María , Rincon Rodriguez Isabel Cristina , Bermudez Ruiz Gilberto , Sanchez Sanchez Arturo , Chaparro Medina Jorge Enrique
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Labor commitment and management is an observable process in crisis or laborinstability. Objective: Since the structure of work commitment obeys a series of observabledimensions in the pandemic, the objective was to demonstrate its structure of mediatingrelationships. Methodology: For this purpose, an exploratory, cross-sectional and psychometricwork was carried out with a sample of 100 students. Once the factorial structure had beenexplored, a second study was carried out to confirm the structure with another sample of students.The selection criteria were related to inclusion in professional practices and social service incommunity centers. Results: The results show that the adjustment and residual parameterssuggest the non-rejection of the null hypothesis regarding the significant differences between thetheoretical structure and the empirical observations. In relation to the paradigms, the relevance ofextending the model in order to predict job performance is assumed.
Determinants of spatial distribution of trees outside forests along urban-rural gradients: A review
Authors: Kariuki Dorcas Wambui , Letema Sammy C. , Opinde Godwin O.
Published: May 2024

Urbanization can create uncertainty for biodiversity. Understanding the spatial distribution of trees along urban-rural gradients is crucial for sustainable land management and the conservation of biological diversity. However, limited information is available on the factors influencing the distribution of trees outside forests along urban-rural transition gradients. This paper uses the Preferred Reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) to review how distance from urban centers, land use types, socio-economic disparities, and community attitudes and perceptions impact the spatial distribution of trees outside forests along urban-rural gradients. The review indicates that the species composition, diversity, density, and spatial arrangement of trees outside forests vary along the urban-rural gradient. The most commonly cited factors influencing this distribution are respondents' attitudes and perceptions of trees, socio-economic factors, and land use variations. Distance from the urban center was the least cited factor. However, there is significant variation in how different factors impact this distribution from study to study. Therefore, further research is needed to better understand the factors driving changes in the diversity of trees outside forests in various urban-rural contexts and to determine whether variations exist across different settings.
Omalizumab Alleviates Anaphylactic Food Allergy in Children with Severe Asthma: A Real-Life Study
Authors: Arasi Stefania , Cafarotti Arianna , Galletta Francesca , Panetta Valentina , Riccardi Carla , Calandrelli Veronica , Fierro Vincenzo , Dahdah Lamia , Artesani Maria Cristina , Valluzzi Rocco , Pecora Valentina , Tallarico Valeria , Dinardo Giulio , Scalzo Lucia Lo , Fiocchi Alessandro
Published: May 2024

Background: In Europe, Omalizumab (anti-IgE) is indicated for
the treatment of moderate/severe asthma, but not for IgE-mediated food
allergy (FA). Objective: We prospectively assessed the impact
of Omalizumab for efficacy, safety, and quality of life (FA-QoL) in
patients with moderate/severe asthma and history of anaphylaxis to
peanut, tree nuts, fish, egg, milk, and/or wheat. Methods:
Food-allergic children (6-18yrs) with moderate/severe asthma underwent
oral food challenges (OFCs) to establish the threshold of reaction to
the culprit food(s) at baseline (T0) and at four-month intervals (T1,
T2, T3) during their first year of treatment with Omalizumab. We
recorded the number and severity of food-allergic reactions, Asthma
Control Test (ACT), FA-QoL, and total IgE. Results: In 65
patients allergic to 107 foods, the No Observed Adverse Events Level
(NOAEL) at T1 increased: 243- and 488-fold for raw and baked milk,
respectively; 172 and 134-fold for raw and baked egg; 245-fold for
hazelnut; 55-fold for peanut; 31-fold for wheat, and 10-fold for fish.
Full tolerance was achieved in 66.4% of OFCs at T1, 58.3% at T2, and
75% at T3. Ninety-five foods were liberalized ad libitum in the diet of
55 patients; the remaining 12 were introduced by 10 patients at least in
traces. Throughout the study, 40/65 children got a free diet. ACT
increased from 17 (Q1-Q3:15-17) to 23.6 (Q1-Q3:23-25). The FA-QoL score
in children ≤ 12 years decreased from 4.63±0.74 to 2.02±1.13, in
adolescents from 4.68±0.92 to 1.90±1.50. Conclusions:
Omalizumab allows safe reintroduction of allergenic foods. Trial
registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06316414
Tailoring Silk Fibroin Fibrous Architecture by a High-yield Electrospinning Method for Fast Wound Healing Possibilities
Authors: Zhu Jia-Chen , Wang Hui , Wu Chen-Xing , Zhang Ke-Qin , Ye Hua
Published: May 2024

In this study, a novel array electrospinning collector was devised to
generate two distinct regenerated silk fibroin (SF) fibrous membranes:
ordered and disordered. Leveraging electrostatic forces during the
electrospinning process allowed precise control over the orientation of
SF fiber, resulting in the creation of the membranes comprising both
aligned and randomly arranged fiber layers. This innovative approach
resulted in the development of large-area membranes featuring
exceptional stability due to their alternating patterned structure,
achievable through expansion using the collector. The study delved into
exploring the potential of these membranes in augmenting wound healing
efficiency. Conducting in vitro toxicity assays with Adipose
Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (AD-MSCs) and Normal Human Dermal
Fibroblasts (NHDFs) confirmed the biocompatibility of the SF membranes.
Notably, AD-MSCs exhibited the ability to discern distinct
microenvironments established by electrospun SF membranes, translating
this recognition into a conditioned medium (CM). Evaluations focused on
the paracrine effects of AD-MSCs in promoting migration via CM, drawing
comparisons with secretions from NHDFs. The study employed two distinct
strategies: firstly, the utilization of paracrine secretion by AD-MSCs
to encourages cellular migration, particularly on SF flat membranes
where their secretion enhanced cellular migration while elevating the
protein concentration of the CMs. Secondly, the exploitation of physical
cues from SF electrospun membranes to guide and augment cell
recruitment, thereby enhancing wound healing. Observations centered on
monitoring cell migration and documenting the influence of SF materials
on inducing morphological changes in both AD-MSCs and NHDFs., The
ordered membrane, in particular, exhibited pronounced effectiveness in
guiding directional cell migration. This research underscores the
revelation that customizable microenvironments facilitated by SF
membranes optimize the paracrine products of MSCs and offer valuable
physical cues, presenting novel prospects for enhancing wound healing
efficiency.
Implementation of Entropically Secure Encryption: Securing Personal Health Data
Authors: Temel Mehmet Hüseyin , Škorić Boris , Monroy Idelfonso Tafur
Published: May 2024

Entropically Secure Encryption (ESE) offers unconditional security with
shorter keys compared to the One-Time Pad. In this paper, we present the
first implementation of ESE for bulk encryption. The main computational
bottleneck for bulk ESE is a multiplication in a very large finite
field. This involves multiplication of polynomials followed by modular
reduction. We have implemented polynomial multiplication based on the
gf2x library, with some modifications that avoid inputs of vastly
different length, thus improving speed. Additionally, we have
implemented a recently proposed efficient reduction algorithm that works
for any polynomial degree. We investigate two use cases: X-ray images of
patients and human genome data. We conduct entropy estimation using
compression methods whose results determine the key lengths required for
ESE. We report running times for all steps of the encryption. We discuss
the potential of ESE to be used in conjunction with Quantum Key
Distribution (QKD), in order to achieve full information-theoretic
security of QKD-protected links for these use cases.
Non-Galliformes Birds' Attraction to Soil Mounds Outside Chinese Pangolin Burrows
Authors: Liu Wei
Published: May 2024

The Chinese Pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) is typically conserved as a
flagship species, but its ecological functions, particularly regarding
avian interactions, remain underexplored. Using infrared camera traps,
this study investigated the ecological interactions between the Chinese
Pangolin and bird species. Results revealed higher bird species
diversity and biodiversity indices in the experimental group compared to
the control group, especially among non-Galliformes birds. The Chinese
Pangolin exhibited nocturnal activity, while birds were active during
the day, indicating temporal segregation. Among the observed bird
species, none exhibited burrow-entry behavior, but nine demonstrated
foraging behavior, with a significantly higher foraging ratio among
non-Galliformes birds. This study provides the first evidence of
non-Galliformes birds being attracted to soil mounds created by Chinese
Pangolin burrows, suggesting the pangolin’s potential role as a keystone
species in the local ecosystem. Further research is necessary to explore
the mechanisms of this attraction.
Comparative Observations of the Outer Belt Electron Fluxes and Precipitated Relativistic Electrons
Authors: Vidal-Luengo Sergio E , Blum Lauren W , Bruno Alessandro , Ficklin A. W , Nolfo Georgia de , Guzik T. Gregory , Kataoka Ryuho , Torii Shoji
Published: May 2024

Relativistic electron precipitation (REP) refers to the release of high
energy electrons initially trapped in the outer radiation belt that
precipitate into the Earth’s upper atmosphere. REP plays an important
role in the magnetosphere as it contributes to the fast depletion of
radiation belt electron flux. This study presents a statistical analysis
of the REP observations made by the Calorimetric Electron Telescope
(CALET) experiment on board the International Space Station (2015-
present). Specifically, a catalog based on count rates from the two top
scintillators constituting the top charge detector, sensitive to
electrons with energies $>$1.5 MeV and
$>$3.4 MeV, respectively. Data from the CALET experiment
reveals a previously unreported semi-annual variation in the occurrence
of REP events. The REP periodicities are similar to those observed for
trapped electrons in the outer belt, and correlates with the occurrence
of solar wind high-speed streams and the solar cycle variations.