bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Carbonate Buffering on Atmospheric Equilibration of CO2, δ13CDIC, and Δ14CDIC in Rivers and Streams
Authors: Winnick Matthew , Saccardi Brian
Published: May 2023

Rivers and streams play an important role within the global carbon cycle, in part through emissions of CO2 to the atmosphere. However, the sources of this CO2 and their spatiotemporal variability are difficult to constrain. Recent work has highlighted the role of carbonate buffering reactions that may serve as a source of CO2 in high alkalinity systems. In this study, we seek to develop a quantitative framework for the role of carbonate buffering in the fluxes and spatiotemporal patterns of CO2 and the stable and radio- isotope composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). We incorporate DIC speciation calculations of carbon isotopologues into a stream network CO2 model and perform a series of experiments, ranging from the degassing of a groundwater seep to the simulation of 5th-order stream network. We find that carbonate buffering reactions contribute >60% of emissions in high-alkalinity, moderate GW-pCO2 environments that may characterize carbonate bedrock systems. However, atmosphere equilibration timescales of pCO2 are minimally affected, which contradicts hypotheses that carbonate buffering maintains high pCO2 across Strahler orders in high alkalinity systems. In contrast, alkalinity dramatically increases isotope equilibration timescales, which significantly complicates isotopic methods of CO2 source partitioning by decoupling pCO2 from isotopic composition even under low alkalinity. Based on similar impacts on atmospheric equilibration for stable and radio- carbon isotopologues, we develop a quantitative method for distinguishing groundwater from stream corridor CO2 sources in carbonate-dominated watersheds. Together, these results provide a framework to guide fieldwork and interpretations of stream network CO2 patterns across variable alkalinities.
Natural language processing of narrative writing for depression screening in adolescents
Authors: Yang Anmin
Published: May 2023

Depression has become increasingly common among adolescents worldwide and has severe negative impact on an individual’s mental and social development. Early identification and diagnosis of depression during adolescence are crucial for improving the well-being of affected individuals. While natural language processing (NLP) has shown effectiveness in identifying depression in adults via social media, its application in predicting depression in adolescents remains challenging. This study aimed to develop a simple yet highly applicable method for predicting depression in adolescents within a school setting. We collected written compositions from 4,715 students aged 10 to 17, using their scores on the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) to categorize them into high-risk and low-risk groups for depression. Then, we developed three types of computational models combining various feature extraction (theory-based vs. data-based) and classification techniques (classical machine learning algorithm vs. state-of-the-art deep neural networks), and compared their predictive performance in identifying individuals at risk. We found that all models exhibited promising performance in predicting depressive tendencies, with the recurrent neural network model outperforming the others. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of employing students’ written compositions to identify those at higher risk of depression, and providing a potential solution for early detection of depressive tendencies in adolescents.
Iconicity bias and duration
Authors: Kelly Laura Jane , Khemlani Sangeet
Published: May 2023

Descriptions of durational relations can be ambiguous, e.g., the description ‘one meeting happened during another’ could mean that one meeting started before the other ended, or it could mean that the meetings started and ended simultaneously. A recent theory posits that people mentally simulate descriptions of durational events by representing their starts and ends along a spatial axis, i.e., an iconic representation of time. To draw conclusions from this iconic mental model, reasoners consciously scan it in the direction of earlier to later time points. The account predicts an iconicity bias: people should prefer descriptions that are congruent with an iconic scanning procedure – descriptions that mention the starts of events before the ends of events – over logically equivalent but incongruent descriptions. Six experiments corroborated the prediction; they show that iconicity biases in temporal reasoning manifest in cases when reasoners consciously evaluate the durations of events.
Lingering on Distraction: Examining Distractor Rejection in Adults with ADHD
Authors: Zhang Han , Abagis Tessa , Steeby Clara , Jonides John
Published: May 2023

Effective visual search relies on reactively disengaging from distractors when the features of the distractors are unpredictable. Does this ability differ between adults with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)? Participants (36 with ADHD, 46 non-ADHD) completed the additional-singleton task, in which they searched for a unique shape while a uniquely colored distractor unpredictably appeared on half of the trials. The distractor delayed manual response times in both groups, with no significant group difference. Both groups also demonstrated similar oculomotor capture effects, as indicated by the landing position of initial fixations. However, when initial fixations did land on the distractor, participants with ADHD tended to "linger" on the distractor with additional fixations and longer duration before disengaging from it, compared to those without ADHD. These results suggest that ADHD is associated with deficits in reactively disengaging from distractions rather than deficits in avoiding being captured in the first place.
Cues to next-speaker projection in conversational Swedish: Evidence from reaction times
Authors: Feindt Kathrin , Rossi Martina , Esfandiari-Baiat Ghazaleh , Ekström Axel G. , Zellers Margaret
Published: May 2023

We present first results of a study investigating the salience and typicality of prosodic markers in Swedish at turn ends for turn yielding and turn-keeping purposes. We performed an experiment where participants (N=32) were presented with conversational chunks and, after the audio ended, were asked to determine which of two speakers would speak next by clicking a picture on a screen. Audio stimuli were manipulated by (i) raising and (ii) lowering f 0 over the last 500 ms of a turn, (iii) speeding up or (iv) slowing down duration over the last 500 ms, and (v) raising and (vi) lowering the last pitch peak. In our data, out of all manipulations, increasing the speech rate was found to be the most disruptive (p<.005). Higher speech rate led to longer reaction times in turn-keeping, which were shorter in turn-yielding. Other manipulations did not significantly alter reaction times. The results presented here may be complemented with eye movement data, to further elucidate cognitive mechanisms underlying turn-taking behavior
The Impact of PFAS Contamination on Small-Scale Farms in Maine: Risks, Gaps, and Uncertainties
Authors: Haedicke Michael
Published: May 2023

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of several thousand toxic industrial chemicals that persist indefinitely in the environment. PFAS contamination of soil and water in the United States is potentially widespread, although the process of documenting the extent of contamination is in early stages. In particular, the once-widespread practice of using municipal wastewater biosolids to fertilize agricultural land has resulted in PFAS deposits in the soils of farms. This paper explores the impact of PFAS contamination on small-scale agriculture in Maine, a state that has established a leading position in policy related to PFAS research and remediation. After describing the role of small-scale agriculture in Maine’s culture and economy and reviewing the current state of knowledge about PFAS soil contamination, the paper takes up three broad questions: (1) to what extent do PFAS pose unique reputational, economic, and personal health risks to the owners-operators of small-scale farms, (2) how do gaps in state-level policies shift the burden of risk management to individual farmers, and (3) how do scientific and policy uncertainties related to PFAS affect small-scale farmers’ efforts to adapt to actual or presumed contamination. Data come from secondary literature and targeted interviews with policymakers and NGO leaders who are active on agricultural and environmental issues. While not intended to be comprehensive, this paper draws attention to the distinctive ways that small-scale farmers have experienced this emerging environmental threat.
Promoting entrepreneurship education in doctoral programs: the INVENTHEI’s Training for Innovation Driven Research program and its assessment proposal.
Authors: Gerbaudo-González Noelia , Feijoo Susana , Gandoy-Crego Manuel , del Carmen Gutierrez-Moar Mª , Diz-López María Julia , Furtado Samuel , Gonçalves Gil , Facal David
Published: May 2023

Objectives: Entrepreneurship Education (EE) plays a pivotal role in stimulating entrepreneurial performance and nurturing innovative ideas. Recognizing the essential role of doctoral programs within the education system, it becomes crucial for Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to integrate EE into these programs. Methodology: This study presents the development of the Training for Innovation Driven Research program, specifically designed for Ph.D. students in the early stages of their research trajectories. The methodologies used to train participants include design thinking and lean start-up and draw on the EntreComp network. To assess the training program's effectiveness, a comprehensive set of tools has been designed, Results: The training program consists of 32 hours of courses and 18 hours of autonomous work, designed to assist researchers in transferring the results of their projects or Ph.D. thesis to society and to promote innovation and entrepreneurship among Ph.D. students and researchers. Evaluation tools include observation checklists for ongoing evaluation, rubrics for evaluating tangible products against basic criteria, and surveys with structured questionnaires to assess the impact of the programme on the target population. Conclusions: The proposed training model offers a framework for fostering innovation, adaptability, and creativity among doctoral students, underscoring the importance of learning-by-doing approaches in realizing the objectives of EE within the academic setting. The program is intended to provide researchers with the competencies needed to navigate and lead in complex, innovation-driven environments, and to strengthen the role of HEIs in the global knowledge society.
What’s a Job Candidate Worth? Explaining Variation in Pay-Setting Practices
Authors: Adler Laura
Published: May 2023

How do employers set pay for external job candidates? Based on an inductive analysis of interviews with 75 human resources practitioners, managers, and experts, this article identifies three distinct practices used to set pay for new hires. By integrating theories of valuation and organizational theory, I explain variation in pay-setting practices in terms of the functional and relational characteristics of the roles of both pay-setter and the candidate. Candidates for low-skilled jobs are offered standardized pay without being individually evaluated. Pay is individualized for candidates in highly skilled jobs, where the role of the pay-setter shapes the process. Managers who set pay are empowered by their functional expertise and relational status to use subjective judgment to assess the candidate’s potential value. By contrast, human resources staff are constrained by functional and relational demands to maximize the likelihood of securing the candidate, leading them to rely on the candidate’s salary history, notwithstanding new legal prohibitions. The constraints shaping valuation practices, especially for HR pay-setters, shed new light on the persistence of gender pay inequality.
Is Corruption Sustainable?
Authors: de Andrade Moral Rafael , Verdade Luciano Martins
Published: May 2023

We have extended the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered model for disease outbreaks and applied it to a corruption system, where the corruptors would “infect” susceptible individuals, transforming them into corrupted ones. This idea originated from the following question: “Is Dracula's lifestyle sustainable?”. Considering that “vampires” transform their prey into competitors, such model could apply to corruption control. Our stability analysis revealed that the system is asymptotically stable, and that endemic corruption (i.e., at low level with a low number of corruptors with a low corruption rate) can be sustainable without much loss in welfare. Although obviously simplistic and provocative, our approach is rather pragmatic instead of idealistic, and could be helpful to the decision-making process concerning the battle against corruption.
Crime & Punishment: A Rethink
Authors: Arandjelović Ognjen
Published: May 2023

Incarceration remains the foremost form of sentence for serious crimes in Western democracies. At the same time, the management of prisons and of the prison population has become a major real-world challenge, with growing concerns about overcrowding, the offenders' well-being, and the failure of achieving the distal desideratum of reduced criminality, all of which have a moral dimension. In no small part motivated by these practical problems, the focus of the present article is on the ethical framework which we use in thinking about and administering criminal justice. I start with an analysis of imprisonment and its permissibility as a punitive tool of justice. In particular, I present a novel argument against punitive imprisonment, showing it to fall short in meeting two key criteria of just punishment, namely (i) that the appropriate individual is being punished, and (ii) that the punishment can be adequately moderated to reflect the seriousness of the crime. The principles I argue for and which the aforementioned analysis brings to the fore, rooted in the sentient experience, firstly of victims, and not only of victims but also of the offenders as well as the society at large, then lead me to elucidate the broader framework of jurisprudence which I then apply more widely. Hence, while rejecting punitive imprisonment, I use its identified shortcomings to argue for the reinstitution of forms of punishment which are, incongruently, presently not seen as permissible, such as corporal punishment and punishments dismissed on the basis of being seen as humiliating. I also present a novel view of capital punishment which, in contradiction to its name, I reject for punitive aims, but which I argue is permissible on compassionate grounds.
Poverty and Climate Action: Some Evidence from Current Projects at Maseno University, Kenya
Authors: Aila Fredrick
Published: May 2023

SDG#1 and #13 No poverty and Climate Action by the year 2030 are interconnected and a good discussion point at this conference. One priority action on poverty eradication is improving access to sustainable livelihoods, entrepreneurial opportunities and productive resources. Target 1.5 states that: “By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters. Target 13.1: “Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate related disasters: Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries” and Target 13.3: “Build knowledge and capacity to meet climate change: improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning.” Agribusiness remains central to food security, job creation, and inclusive growth in many low-income countries. Targeting women and youth (the buttress of African population) for climate-smart agribusiness can help eradicate poverty and mitigate the climate challenge. We reflect on six ongoing projects at Maseno University that engage women and youth in agribusinesses by mitigating both poverty and climate challenge. The key lessons learnt can be replicated in other regions.
Who Lives Where? Counting, Locating, and Observing France’s Real Inhabitants
Authors: Lévy Jacques , Coldefy Jean , Piantoni Sébastien , François Julien
Published: May 2023

This contribution proposes answers to the question: who is where? For the first time, massive, reliable phone data collected and verified at a high level of spatial and temporal precision over the entire French territory have been used to address this questioning. The article raises the issue of data quality and relevance and sets out a framework which focuses on the inhabitant, not just the resident or the commuter. The processing of these data allows us to challenge the approximation of a home-stuck dweller and to propose a new approach. Two novel indicators (inhabitants.year and attractivity index) have been designed to account for the reality of individual spatial practices and to encompass the multiple ways in which a country is inhabited. Finally, maps that these data make possible are produced and analyzed. A fresh portrait of France as a complexly inhabited space emerges.
Demystifying the Journal Review Process: An Editor’s Observations
Authors: Dolnicar Sara
Published: May 2023

The journal review system has always been clouded by myth. The upholding of established myths and creation of new myths is not productive because it undermines the credibility and trustworthiness of the scholarly manuscript review system and hinders authors’ efforts to get their work published. If we aspire to creating important new knowledge and solutions for some of the world’s most pressing challenges and if we commit to academic publishing as the preferred avenue of quality control, integrity control and dissemination, we must trust the review system. Trust in review systems is best increased by dispelling myths and explaining unambiguously and transparently how the process works. This is the purpose of the present article. The article discusses seven myths that I encounter regularly both in my role as a journal editor and as a mentor of early career researchers. I share my views on each of those myths, hopefully presenting compelling and – where possible – evidence-based arguments that they are misrepresentations of how the publishing process in academic journals works. The discussion of myths leads to tangible recommendations for journal editors, reviewers and authors, which empower them to contribute pro-actively to the upholding of the high standards of scholarly research and the protection of its credibility and trustworthiness. High quality trustworthy research findings have the best chance of being adopted by governments and industry as a basis for decision making. The article concludes with a personal observation about how academic publishing has changed over the past 25 years and how the erosion of some traditional academic habits – such as curiosity driving research – represents a significant loss to the scientific community and society more broadly.
Designing Organizations to Create Ethical Designs
Authors: Williams Logan D. A.
Published: May 2023

Modern industry organizations believe they can create designs that solve problems for people. At one level, that is the bias of privilege and a technocratic outlook. But the bias is deeply embedded in the incentive structure: profits are highest if you externalize the cost of preventing environmental and social harms. Efforts to change perspective can be the first step, but we need to change how we design our organizations -- empowering our technosocial imagination to find strategies that link financial success, changes in technical practice, and harm prevention. These include alternative organizational legal structures, standards, and certifications that support and emphasize a social mission. (Note: This is supplement for the book Because Technology Discriminates: Anti-Racist Counter-Expertise https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27868-6).
Semantic Narrowing: Towards A Calculable Descriptive Statistic Associated with Press Freedom and Authoritarianism
Authors: Gilmore Quinn
Published: May 2023

This paper proposes a novel measure for operationalizing authoritarianism: the narrowing of semantic dispersion. This paper defines semantic dispersion as the directional dispersion of a set of document's semantic embedding vectors as obtained with a language model. Compared to democracy and press freedom indices, which are infrequently updated and rely on subjective evaluations by experts, semantic dispersion can be directly measured and is, therefore, immediately available for any time range (data permitting) and is not biased by direct human judgment (having been based on a language model's self-supervised training). This paper argues that semantic dispersion is a promising metric for understanding authoritarianism, and illustrates this point by analyzing the semantic dispersion of GDELT internet news article embedding data from Russia and Myanmar from 2020-2022.
Diversity and similarity in the Ceramic Age lapidary production in the Caribbean islands
Authors: Queffelec Alain
Published: May 2023

Personal ornaments are an important part of the archaeological record, as theyprovide valuable insights into various aspects of past human societies. Amongthese ornaments, those made of lithic materials are particularly significant due to their wide distribution and excellent preservation in archaeological sites. In the Caribbean islands, during the Ceramic Age, lapidary artifacts exhibit remarkable abundance and diversity in terms of both raw materials and typology. While archaeologists have previously highlighted differences between the Saladoid and Post-Saladoid periods, this was based on incomplete data without robust mineralogical or typological identification. A South-American origin of the specific lapidary production of the Early Ceramic period has been proposed, following the origin of Ceramic production styles, but relies on the same incomplete data. In this article, I demonstrate that robust analysis of extensive datasets, combining first-hand identification and literature survey, enables to address the questions of spactial and temporal distribution, diversity and similarity of lithic beads and pendants during the Caribbean Age in the Antilles. The study reveals that the Early and Middle Ceramic periods exhibit higher raw material and typological diversity compared to later periods. Furthermore, similarities are greater between sites attributed to the same period than between geographically close sites, both in terms of mineralogy and typology. Finally, I establish that the lapidary production during the Early Ceramic Age differs significantly between South American sites and Saladoid sites in the archipelago. Some indications pointing to the Isthmo-Colombian area are proposed, which will require further research to enhance our understanding to the same level as that of the Caribbean islands, enabling advanced comparisons.
Cultural Perceptions on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (過動症) in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Micah
Published: May 2023

The medical world is constantly changing. The creation of new medications and treatments, the prioritization of creating better medical definitions, and a broadly increased recognition of medical disorders would paint a picture of a more inclusive society for some of the most vulnerable communities in the world. However, the reality of the situation is not as utopian as it may seem at first glance. This disparity is shown through the general population’s largely negative connotation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) — a mental disorder characterized by a “persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development” (American Psychiatric Association, 2022) — continues to perpetuate itself (Lebowitz, 2016). Thus, it is clear that ADHD remains one of the most misunderstood and stigmatized medical conditions, despite the rising pervasiveness and global familiarity of ADHD.This being said the scale of this stigmatization occurs to be simultaneously increasing alongside the global prevalence of ADHD — a recent academic finding published by Dr. Paige Song et al. (2021) places the globally estimated prevalence of ADHD at a historically high 366.33 million people worldwide, with expectations for that number to continue rising. As a result, it is increasingly important to highlight how the pathologization of ADHD portrays those affected as inferior, causing problems such as self-hatred and refusal to seek treatment worldwide as it is frequently perceived as a weakness.This importance is further stressed in countries where research on the effects of ADHD stigmatization through a social lens has not been conducted, such as in Taiwan. Currently, there is a dearth of research exploring the cultural perceptions of ADHD in Taiwan, with a great majority of research within this field focusing on the biological and medicinal aspects of ADHD and other psychiatric disorders. With this in mind, I believe that a study that investigates the overall social perceptions of ADHD within Taiwan can uncover the magnitude of public stigmatization within previously unexplored localities. Thus, I hope this research can hopefully highlight the necessity of finding solutions that could remedy the unseen problems that come from harmful stigmatization and its effect on those with ADHD.
The new normal: changed patterns of dwelling demand and supply
Authors: Rowley Steven , Brierty Ryan , Perugia Francesca , Rahman Habib , Singh Ranjodh , Swapan Mohammad , Taylor Elizabeth
Published: May 2023

This research assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patterns of housing supply and demand and how the Australian housing market has changed over recent time (including between the 2016 and 2021 Censuses). The pandemic showed just how quickly demand for housing can change and how prices and rents can rise rapidly as a result. The COVID-19 period, defined as mid-2020 to mid-2022 for the purposes of this study, saw robust price growth within Australian capital cities and even stronger growth in regional areas. In the rental market, vacancy rates fell across the country and rents rose sharply.COVID changed what households want from their dwelling: predominantly it was about having more space, both inside and out, and that was linked with the ability to work more from home. Overall, consumers continue to prefer houses over units in metropolitan areas. COVID-19 also created significant and distinct changes to population dynamics with low or negative growth within inner urban areas; growth in regional towns and cities, particularly those associated with sea and tree changes; and strong growth in traditional first home buyer areas, primarily on the urban periphery.Property sales in high-growth regions came significantly from investors who sold stock from the rental market (generally to first home buyers and second home buyers). This, in turn, reduced rental availability and vacancy rates and displaced private renters. Where investors did buy into the regional areas studied, these were at higher prices which were in turn reflected in higher rents.The research reiterates that increases in housing supply need to be carefully managed by governments, including the supply of social and affordable housing in regional areas.
Adolescents' perceptions of household chaos predict their adult mental health: A twin difference longitudinal cohort study
Authors: von Stumm Sophie
Published: May 2023

We tested whether adolescents, who perceived less household chaos in their family’s home than their same-aged, same-sex sibling, achieved more favourable developmental outcomes in young adulthood, independent of parent-reported household chaos and family-level confounding. Data came from 4,732 families from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS), a longitudinal, UK population representative cohort study with twins born in 1994 through 1996 in England and Wales. Adolescents who reported experiencing greater household chaos than their sibling at age 16 years suffered significantly poorer mental health outcomes at age 23, independent of family-level confounding. Mental health predictions from perceived household chaos at earlier ages were not significant, and neither were predictions for other developmental outcomes in young adulthood, including socioeconomic status indicators, sexual risk-taking, cannabis use, and conflict with the law. The findings suggest that altering children’s subjective perceptions of their rearing environments may help improving their adult mental health.
Are women elders paid less than men? A brief report from the North Carolina Statewide Longitudinal Survey of United Methodist Clergy
Authors: Gaghan Joshua , Eagle David
Published: May 2023

In this report, we explore systematic salary differences between men and women elders in the North Carolina and Western North Carolina Annual Conferences of the United Methodist Church. We find that, while the starting salaries and salary growth of men and women clergy have been equal since 2010, there still exist gender disparities in the salaries of Methodist clergy in North Carolina. These inequities stem from decades earlier and have reverberated through the careers of more experienced women clergy. For this reason, the disparities that exist today are primarily between men and women who started ministry at least a couple of decades ago.
Structured to Kill? Characteristics of State Security Forces and Violent Repression of Protest in Autocracies
Authors: Rød Espen Geelmuyden
Published: May 2023

What explains patterns of violent protest repression in autocracies? According to conventional wisdom, rulers respond with repression during periods of dissent. However, there is considerable variation in repression when autocrats face popular protest. I contribute to our understanding of coercive responses to dissent by studying how characteristics of state security forces in autocracies shape protest repression. I argue that the existence and number of regime-affiliated state security forces impact violence against protesters. Three characteristics make affiliated security forces more prone to repress protesters: 1) they have a vested interest in maintaining the political status quo; 2) they tend to be socially exclusive and; 3) they often recruit individuals that enjoy violence. Further, multiple affiliated security forces lead to competition over state resources, increasing the willingness to use violence during protests. Empirical results from a large-N study of 41 autocratic countries from 2003 to 2010 show that state security forces affiliated with the autocratic regime are more likely to use lethal protest repression.
Understanding Public Preferences for Policing Homeless Individuals in the United States: Results from a National Survey
Authors: Burkhardt Brett C , Edwards Mark , Akins Scott , Stout Christopher
Published: May 2023

The United States has a large and growing homeless population. In the name of public order, municipalities across the country have criminalized behaviors associated with homeless people in public spaces (e.g., panhandling) and tasked police with responding to violations. What should police do in these encounters? This study reports on a nationwide survey experiment that asked US residents whether police should arrest, help, or ignore a homeless individual in several hypothetical scenarios. We estimate (1) aggregate preferences for police response, (2) the association between respondent demographics and individual preferences, and (3) the effect of experimentally manipulated identity--gender and background--of a homeless person on preferences. Results reveal that a helping response from police is generally preferred to arresting or ignoring. An arrest response received greater support from people who perceived homelessness to be a problem locally, as well as men and Republicans. The identity of the homeless individual had little effect on preferred police responses. With respect to public and policy debates about homelessness, these results suggest that there is relatively little public appetite for a heavy-handed police response, though this may not hold in areas where many people perceive homelessness to be a source of problems.
Drama Korea
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: May 2023

DraKor dapat dikatakan sebagai salah satu tayangan yang saya nikmati. Ada banyak alasan saya menyukai DraKor. Tapi yang terpenting, dalam pandangan saya sebagai penikmat sinema, banyak DraKoe yang kualitasnya sama baik, mulai dari tema, tata busana, sinematografi, skrip, kualitas akting, dan sebagai-seterusnya.
The formation of the aviation network on the Northern Sakhalin in 1929–1941 (based on archival documents)
Authors:   Sakhalin Regional Museum, Lukoyanova M.A.
Published: May 2023

Since 1929, work has been underway in the Far East to create an aviation network. Air traffic would facilitate the transportation of people and goods to remote areas of this part of the country. The Sakhalin direction, cut off from the “mainland” for several months a year, became the “pioneer”” of this work. It was led by the Far Eastern Directorate of the All-Union Society “Dobrolyot”, created in Khabarovsk. The conducted research shows that the work on establishing air communication between Sakhalin and the mainland of the country lacked proper control of the leaders of the state and the region. For the most part, it was entrusted to local governments that did not have sufficient resources — technical and financial — to organize air traffic at a decent level. There were not enough pilots to work on the Sakhalin routes, there were not enough planes to perform regular flights, the runways were not equipped. These processes are reflected in the documents deposited in the Russian State Archive of Economics (RGAE) and the State Historical Archive of the Sakhalin region (GIASO). In the RGAE, they are collected in the Dobrolyot Fund, in the GIASO — in the collections of documents of the Sakhalin Regional Committee of the CPSU and the Executive Committee of the Sakhalin Regional Council of Workers’ Deputies. They show that, despite numerous difficulties, in the pre-war period, air communication was in demand among residents of Northern Sakhalin.
Resolution of Civil Disputes аccording to the Norms of Adat and Sharia among the Ingush
Authors:   Scientific and Educational Center Kabardin-Balkar Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Koloeva L.A.
Published: May 2023

The study is devoted to the issues of resolving disputes arising in civil legal relations in the modern life of the Ingush, the ways of reconciling the parties according to the norms of pre-Islamic legal complexes of customary law (adat) and Muslim law (Sharia). To achieve the goal of the research, the tasks of studying the most frequent categories of disputes, forms of appeal to resolve them and to conduct a conciliatory mediation procedure are identified. Issues related to the definition of jurisdiction of disputes, the mechanism of mediation, the issues of establishing the legal basis for litigation in the investigated category of disputes and methods of the conduct of paperwork, as well as the mechanism for the enforcement of decisions made to resolve disputes were also studied. Due to the lack of sufficient published materials on the topic under study, field research is carried out in the Sunzhensky, Nazran and Malgobek districts of Ingushetia in 2021-2022. During conversations with mediators, members of conciliation commissions, plaintiffs and defendants, the information regarding the practices of resolving civil law disputes by imams of rural mosques, the Qadiyat of the Sharia court at the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Ingushetia, was collected.
Eshon Bobo and His Descendants: The Sacred Status and the Religious Role of the Ishan Lineage
Authors: Pankov I.A.
Published: May 2023

The historically cyclical nature of Islamic culture is visible in the repetition of heydays and periods of decline of Islamic piety and education. The most important factor influencing the religious upsurge was the activity of individual spiritual leaders, whose role in Central Asia since the 14th century most often have been played by the sheikhs of the Naqshbandiyya Sufi brotherhood. Sheikhs were recognized as spiritual authorities not only for a narrow circle of their disciples (murids) but for the entire community. People spoke about them with reverence: “They (pers. – Ishan)!” – thereby emphasizing the special sacred status of Sufi shaikhs. This article considers the specifics of religious processes in contemporary Uzbekistan, examining the activities of the Ishan lineage going back to Muhammad Sharif al-Bulghari, a sheikh of the Naqshbandiyya-Mujaddidiyya, well known in Khorezm as Eshon bobo. When exploring the history of this family, we will see how a single man of faith contributed to the symbolic capital of a sacral blood-related group and helped shape the dynamics of a transregional family and religious network, which members have greatly influenced local religious tradition. The article argues that the al Bulghari network “reactivation” is part of the state-supported discourse on “traditional Islam” in contemporary Uzbekistan.
The Images of Items from the Collection of Karl Etter in the MAE RAS: On the Problem of Attributing Museum Objects “from Early Acquisitions”
Authors:   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Abaydulova A.G.
Published: May 2023

The problem of attributing museum objects “from early acquisitions” is considered on the example of two graphic sheets from the MAE RAS collection — the drawing of the guardian lion shishi MAE No. 7365-1 and the engraving depicting an Indian god MAE No. 719-108/9-7. Both images are studied, the inscriptions and notes are decoded. The history of the acquisition of these items to the museum collection is restored according to published and archival sources, as well as museum documentation. It has been proved that both images are the items from the collection of Karl Etter — the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences Corresponding Member, mineralogist and collector. Etter presented the images to the Academy of Sciences in 1812, however in the course of time they lost their provenance and ended up in different museum funds. While studying the history of these images, similar pictures donated by Karl Etter to the Royal Society of Antiquaries of London were revealed. Restoring the history of acquisition of these objects fills in the gaps in the history of Kunstkamera and recovers the lost connection between the images as well. Considered together as a complex from the same collector — Karl Etter, these objects acquire a new meaning and a new value, including a memorial one. The appendix provides the list of items donated by Karl Etter to the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, mainly to the Library and the Cabinet of Mineralogy of the Kunstkamera.
Culture of Livelihood and the Khanty Language: Pragmatics, Syntactics, Imagery
Authors:   Katanov Khakass State University, Kaksin A.D.
Published: May 2023

The article is devoted to one aspect of the linguistic justification of the connection between language and culture: the identification in the lexicon, syntactic models and figurative schemes of the language of units with a figurative and potential conceptual meaning. The presentation is based on the analysis of the material of the Khanty language, for comparison, data from the Russian and Khakass languages are used. From the standpoint of linguistic typology, common words denoting geographical objects, certain categories of earth names, the names of the most common representatives of the fauna, as well as words that make up the core of the vocabulary of economic activity are considered. As sources of illustrative material, samples of colloquial speech, proverbs and aphorisms of the Khanty people, works of art in the Khanty language are used. The empirical basis of the study was the author’s records of the Khanty spoken language, dictionaries of the Khanty language, a collection of Khanty proverbs, sayings and aphorisms. As a result of the study, the range of the most indicative words and idioms of the Khanty language with a distinct cognitive, pragmatic, worldview basis is outlined. The methods used are the method of typological interpretation of lexical material and the descriptive method. When analyzing the semantics of lexical units, special attention is paid to the identification of regular idioms: it is the combination reserve that is the basis for the development of further connotations, the logical conclusion of which is the participation of certain words in idioms. Analysis of language material at the specified angle of view makes it possible to identify distinctive cognitive and communicative-pragmatic features of the language. The conclusion that natural language provides its speakers with the richest tools for expressing all possible, any thoughts is also natural.
Images of the complex of buildings of the Northern Compound Beiguan of the Russian Orthodox Mission in Beijing
Authors:   Peter the Great Museum Anthropology and Ethnography (the Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rud' P.V.
Published: May 2023

This article is devoted to the study of the archival materials related to the description and visual representation of buildings on the territory of the Northern Compound of the Russian Orthodox Mission in Beijing. Drawings of the Northern Compound, plans and facades of its buildings, as well as descriptions of all Beiguan buildings, stored in various scientific institutions in Moscow and St. Petersburg, are unique, as they represent a single set of materials. All of these materials were collected in Beijing by the bailiff of the 11th Russian Orthodox Ecclesiastical Mission in Beijing, M.V. Ladyzhensky in 1831. During his trip to Beijing, Ladyzhensky managed to collect rare information about China, archival materials belonging to his pen include written reports to the Asiatic Department, daily notes, maps and plans, route sheets, etc., unfortunately, all these materials have not yet been published. Their identification made it possible not only to obtain new information about the appearance, interior decoration and purpose of buildings, which, unfortunately, did not survive to this day, but also made it possible to attribute and introduce into scientific circulation new visual materials on the history of the Orthodox mission in China, stored at the MAE RAS.
From Indonesia to Zanzibar: traditional Zanzibarian canoe “ngalawa” as an example of the cross-cultural movement of a technology
Authors:   NGO “Argonautica”, Gabbasov S.M.
Published: May 2023

Technology is an important part of the material culture. Interethnic contacts allowed technological innovations to move between regions and sometimes between continents. There are many such examples — from cultivated plant species, methods of cultivation and irrigation to domesticated animals and hunting and agricultural tools. The transfer of technology made possible to populate and develop new landscapes and transform economiccultural types. In most cases the speed of such spreading was low due to the inertia of traditional culture and the difficulty of adapting new cultural borrowing. Some technologies were transported not only between continents (for example, the domesticated hunting dog was integrated into the culture of the Australian aborigines), but also across the oceans, which in the prehistoric era was the most difficult example of cross-cultural interaction because of the complexity of ocean sailing. The development of sailboats construction and maritime navigation significantly expanded the horizons of peopling, reaching its apogee in the period of the Great Geographical Discoveries. The emergence and evolution of the Pacific two-outrigger dugout canoe on the East African archipelago Zanzibar is one of the prime examples of the transfer of technologies of shipbuilding across the ocean.
Saint Andrew’s Day in Romania: Ecclesiastical, Folk and Civil Calendars
Authors:   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ryzhova M.M.
Published: May 2023

Saint Andrew’s Day, celebrated in Romania on November 30, was declared a national holiday ten years ago. The article examines the historical and cultural background for the formation of the holiday. Today the ideas that Apostle Andrew is the Patron Saint of Romania and that the adoption of Christianity in Romania is directly linked to his name are firmly rooted in the minds of many Romanians. The peculiarity of the holiday is its syncretic character, combining the ecclesiastical, folk and civil calendars. On the one hand, it bears information about the early Christian history of the Romanian people, and on the other, it preserves the idea of popular mythology. It is believed that on the night before St. Andrew’s Day wolves gather, living and dead strigoi appear. Associated with St. Andrew’s night are the traditions of fortune telling for a betrothed, as well as “the guarding of the garlic” and the sowing of the wheat grains traditions, etc. Traditions formerly characteristic of different historical areas are now being homogenized and spread throughout Romania owing to modern media and social media platforms.
Beliefs and rituals in the life support system of the Barguzin and Okhotsk Evenkis at the end of the 20th — early 21st century
Authors:   Library of Legal and Economic Information, Malakshanova V.B.
Published: May 2023

Evenkis, in the course of settling over a vast territory and adapting to the environment, created a wide range of local life support options. Many of the local groups have not been sufficiently studied. From this point of view, the description of the modern Evenkis life support models is relevant. An important component of the life support system is ritual activity that satisfies the spiritual needs of the people and contributes to the preservation of the environment and its resources. The traditional beliefs and rituals of two Evenki groups: the Murchens, cattle breeders (horse breeders) of the Barguzin Valley of the Republic of Buryatia, and the reindeer herders of the Okhotsk Coast of the Khabarovskii krai, are considered. Despite the differences in natural and climatic conditions, economic activities, and the influence of neighboring peoples, they adhere to common traditional Evenki beliefs and rituals: the cult of the ancestral shaman, the hunting rite, the rite of worship of the owners of the area, th Ulganni rite, the cult of fire. The article is prepared on the basis of the author’s field materials from the expeditions to the Okhotsk Evenkis in the Tuguro-Chumikansky district of the Khabarovskii krai in 2017, 2018, 2022; to the Ayano-Maysky district of the Khabarovskii krai in 2015, and to the Barguzin Evenkis in the Kurumkansky district of the Republic of Buryatia in 2012, 2020, 2022.