bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increased Risk of Herpes Zoster in Rheumatoid Arthritis Not Only Due to JAK Inhibitors—Study of 392 Patients from Single University Center
Authors: Domínguez-Casas Lucía C. , Lasa-Teja Carmen , Ferraz-Amaro Iván , Castañeda Santos , Blanco Ricardo
Published: May 2024

Background/Objectives: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased risk of infection. Their risk of presenting herpes zoster (HZ) is 1.5–2 times higher than immunocompetent individuals and disseminated presentation is more frequent. Our aim was to analyze the prevalence and general features of HZ in RA patients. Methods: This was a prospective study of 392 RA patients included in the vaccination program of our hospital between 2011 and 2016, and follow-up continued until December 2020. A diagnosis of HZ was made according to clinical manifestations: skin rash, blisters, paresthesia, and local pain in one or more dermatomes. Results: We studied 392 participants (309 women/83 men), mean age 59 ± 13 years. Every patient was followed-up over a mean period of 137 ± 110 months (range: 42 months-42 years). HZ infection was observed in 30 of 392 (25 women/5 men) patients, age (mean ± SD) 64.7 ± 11.8 years. Prevalence was 7.65% in this period and the incidence rate was 13.22/1000 patients/year. Three patients had facial involvement, one had optic involvement, and one patient presented disseminated HZ. Seven patients presented post herpetic neuralgia treated with gabapentinoids. The main features of RA of these 30 patients were: positive RF (n = 17; 56.6%), positive anti-CCP (n = 13; 43.3%), and erosive disease (n = 10; 33.3%). At HZ infection, the treatments were glucocorticoids (n = 19; 63.3%), conventional DMARDs (n = 15; 50%), biological DMARDs (n = 15; 50%), tofacitinib (n = 2; 6.6%), and upadacitinib (n = 1; 3.3%). Conclusions: HZ is a relatively frequent viral complication in RA patients. In our series, one patient presented disseminated HZ and nearly 25% of patients had post-herpetic neuralgia. Including a HZ vaccine in our vaccination program for RA patients may be beneficial.
Enhancing the First-Pass Effect in Acute Stroke: The Impact of Stent Retriever Characteristics
Authors: Murias Eduardo , Puig Josep , Serna-Candel Carmen , Gonzalez Eva María , Moreu Manuel , Jiménez-Gómez Elvira , SanRoman Luis , Aparici-Robles Fernando , Terceño Mikel , Martínez Antonio Mosqueira , Aixut Sonia , Romero Veredas , Mendez Jose Carlos , Sagredo-Barra Antonio , Aguilar Yeray , Espinosa de Rueda Mariano , Blázquez Miguel Angel Castaño , Bashir Saima , Rodríguez Castro José , Lopez-Frías Alfonso , Jiménez Jose María , Chaviano Juan , Maestro Victor , Manso Javier , Lopez-Rueda Antonio , Remollo Sebastià , Morales-Caba Lluis , Comas-Cufí Marc , Vega Pedro ,   on behalf of Rossetti Registry Investigators
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Although stentrievers (SRs) have been a mainstay of mechanical thrombectomy (MT), and current guidelines recommend the use of SRs in the treatment of large vessel occlusion stroke (LVO), there is a paucity of studies in the literature comparing SRs directly against each other in terms of mechanical and functional properties. Timely access to endovascular therapy and the ability to restore intracranial flow in a safe, efficient, and efficacious manner have been critical to the success of MT. This study aimed to investigate the impact of contemporary SR characteristics, including model, brand, size, and length, on the first-pass effect (FPE) in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods: Consecutive patients with M1 occlusion treated with a single SR+BGC were recruited from the ROSSETTI registry. The primary outcome was the FPE that was defined as modified (mFPE) or true (tFPE) for the achievement of modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) grades 2b-3 or 3 after a single device pass, respectively. We compared patients who achieved mFPE with those who achieved tFPE according to SR characteristics. Results: We included 610 patients (52.3% female and 47.7% male, mean age 75.1 ± 13.62 years). mFPE was achieved in 357 patients (58.5%), whereas tFPE was achieved in 264 (43.3%). There was no significant association between SR characteristics and mFPE or tFPE. Specifically, the SR size did not show a statistically significant relationship with improvement in FPE. Similarly, the length of the SR did not yield significant differences in the mFPE and tFPE, even when the data were grouped. Conclusions: Our data indicate that contemporary SR-mediated thrombectomy characteristics, including model, brand, size, and length, do not significantly affect the FPE.
Short-Term Outcomes of Total Knee Arthroplasty Using a Conventional, Computer-Assisted, and Robotic Technique: A Pilot Clinical Trial
Authors: Lychagin Alexey Vladimirovich , Gritsyuk Andrey Anatolyevich , Elizarov Mikhail Pavlovich , Rukin Yaroslav Alekseevich , Gritsyuk Andrey Andreevich , Gavlovsky Maxim Yaroslavovich , Elizarov Pavel Mihailovich , Berdiyev Murat , Kalinsky Eugene Borisovich , Vyazankin Ivan Antonovich , Rosenberg Nahum
Published: May 2024

Background: Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) is a prevalent surgical procedure for treating severe knee arthritis, aiming to alleviate pain and restore function. Recent advancements have introduced computer-assisted (CAS) and robot-assisted (RA-TKA) surgical techniques as alternatives to conventional methods, promising improved accuracy and patient outcomes. However, comprehensive comparative studies evaluating the short-term outcomes and prostheses survivorship among these techniques are limited. We hypothesized that the outcome of RA-TKA and/or CAS- TKA is advantageous in function and prosthesis survivorship compared to manually implanted prostheses. Methods: This prospective controlled study compared the short-term outcomes and prostheses survivorship following TKA using conventional, CAS, and RA-TKA techniques. One hundred seventy-eight patients requiring TKA were randomly assigned to one of the three surgical groups. The primary outcomes were knee function (KSS knee score) and functional recovery (KSS function score), which were assessed before surgery three years postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included prosthesis alignment, knee range of movements, and complication rates. Survivorship analysis was conducted using Kaplan–Meier curves, with revision surgery as the endpoint. Results: While all three groups showed significant improvements in knee function postoperatively (p < 0.001), the CAS and RA-TKA groups demonstrated superior prosthetic alignment and higher survivorship rates than the conventional group (100%, 97%, and 96%, respectively). However, although the RA-TKA group had a maximal 100% survivorship rate, its knee score was significantly lower than following CAS and conventional techniques (mean 91 ± 3SD vs. mean 93 ± 3SD, p = 0.011). Conclusion: The RA-TKA technique offers advantages over conventional and CAS methods regarding alignment accuracy and short-term survivorship of TKA prostheses. Since short-term prosthesis survivorship indicates the foreseen rates of mid- and long-term survivorship, the current data have a promising indication of the improved TKA prosthesis’s long-term survivorship by implementing RA-TKA. According to the presented data, although the survival rates were 100%, 97%, and 96% in the three study groups, no clinical difference in the functional outcome was found despite the better mechanical alignment and higher survivorship in the group of patients treated by the RA-TKA.
Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients with Cervical Spinal Injury with Anterior Single-Stage Fixation with Bone Cement Augmentation
Authors: Süvegh Dávid , Juhász Ádám , Viola Réka , Al-Smadi Mohammad Walid , Viola Árpád
Published: May 2024

Background/Objectives: Cervical spine fractures in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are characterized as highly unstable fractures posing an elevated risk of neurological deficit and a significantly elevated mortality rate. This study assesses the efficacy and safety of single-stage plate stabilization with ventral cement augmentation in treating subaxial cervical spine fractures in patients with AS. Methods: Over 86 months, 38 patients diagnosed with AS received ventral plate stabilization with cement augmentation after suffering unstable subaxial cervical fractures. No additional dorsal stabilization was used in any of these surgeries. Results: There were no complications as a result of cement leakage. During the follow-up period, screw loosening and implant displacement were documented in two out of 38 cases. At the time of data analysis, 17 patients who had undergone treatment had died, representing 44.7% of the total cases. Seven patients died within 1 month, two patients died within 6 months, four patients died within 1 year, and four patients died after 1 year. Conclusions: Our study shows that a single-stage anterior screw and plate fixation of the cervical spine with cement augmentation could be a feasible and effective method to treat cervical spine fractures in patients with AS.
The Correlation between the Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Insulin Resistance in a Japanese Population
Authors: Tomo Yukako , Naito Ryo , Tomita Yasuhiro , Kasagi Satoshi , Sato Tatsuya , Kasai Takatoshi
Published: May 2024

Background: Repetitive episodes of apnea and hypopnea during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are known to increase the risk of atherosclerosis. Underlying obesity and related disorders, such as insulin resistance, are indirectly related to the development of atherosclerosis. In addition, OSA is independently associated with insulin resistance; however, data regarding this relationship are scarce in Japanese populations. Methods: This study aimed to examine the relationship between the severity of OSA and insulin resistance in a Japanese population. We analyzed the data of consecutive patients who were referred for polysomnography under clinical suspicion of developing OSA and who did not have diabetes mellitus or any cardiovascular disease. Multiple regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between the severity of OSA and insulin resistance. Results: The data from a total of 483 consecutive patients were analyzed. The median apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was 40.9/h (interquartile range: 26.5, 59.1) and the median homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was 2.00 (interquartile range: 1.25, 3.50). Multiple regression analyses revealed that the AHI, the lowest oxyhemoglobin saturation (SO2), and the percentage of time spent on SO2 < 90% were independently correlated with HOMA-IR (an adjusted R-squared value of 0.01278821, p = 0.014; an adjusted R-squared value of −0.01481952, p = 0.009; and an adjusted R-squared value of 0.018456581, p = 0.003, respectively). Conclusions: The severity of OSA is associated with insulin resistance assessed by HOMA-IR in a Japanese population.
Quality of Life and Respiratory Performance in the Laryngectomized Patient: Role of the HME Filters during Physical Activity
Authors: Mesolella Massimo , Allosso Salvatore , Mormile Mauro , Quaremba Giuseppe , Errante Veronica , D’Aniello Roberto , Motta Giovanni , Catalano Vincenzo , Motta Gaetano , Salerno Grazia
Published: May 2024

Background: Permanent tracheostomy because of total laryngectomy surgery entails significant consequences for patients regarding respiratory physiopathology, such as the loss of the filtering, humidifying, and heating of air by the nose. The use of special stomal filters can provide adequate protection of the tracheal–bronchopulmonary system with a reduction in respiratory pathologies. In fact, in most cases, laryngectomy patients are first cigarette smokers who for this reason also already have respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Despite the availability of tracheal filters, as reported in the literature, patients often tend to limit their use due to reported breathing difficulties, especially in conditions of intense breathing. Methods: The objective of this clinical study was to evaluate the most suitable stomal filter for laryngectomy patients during physical activity. The filters studied were an INHEALTH device (Blom-Singer SpeakFree HME); two ATOS devices (Provox® Life™ Energy HME and Provox® Life™ Home HME); and an FAHL device (Laryvox HME Sport). Results: For this purpose, the performances of 31 laryngectomy patients, subjected to medium–high physical effort, were analyzed through a standardized pneumological test, the Six Minute Walking Test (6MWT), which involves a sustained walk lasting six minutes, with an evaluation of heart rate, oxygen saturation, and meters traveled every 60 s; furthermore, we examined two subjective indices, namely, the basal and final dyspnea index and the initial and final muscular fatigue index. Conclusions: The multidisciplinary approach of the laryngectomee patient must also take pulmonary rehabilitation into consideration. It is the task of the medical team and speech therapy support to help the patient in the correct choice of HME filters taking into account daily needs.
Management of Medial Femorotibial Knee Osteoarthritis in Conjunction with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency: Technical Note and Literature Review
Authors: Legnani Claudio , Ventura Alberto , Mangiavini Laura , Maffulli Nicola , Peretti Giuseppe M.
Published: May 2024

In recent years, there has been increased interest in the management of medial femorotibial knee osteoarthritis (OA) in conjunction with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency. Traditional treatment modalities included conservative therapy, high tibial osteotomy with or without ACL reconstruction, and total knee replacement. Since younger patients with higher physical demands are more likely to suffer from this pathological condition, reduced invasiveness, faster recovery time, and improved knee kinematics are preferred to allow for satisfying clinical and functional outcomes. Thus, a new surgical strategy combining medial unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR) and ACL reconstruction has been proposed to allow bone stock preservation, to reduce surgical morbidity and recovery time, and ultimately to improve joint kinematics and clinical outcomes. Based on the data present in the literature, in the setting of unicompartmental OA in association with ACL deficiency, UKR combined with ACL reconstruction provided encouraging early results. Studies evaluating the outcomes of combined ACL reconstruction and UKR demonstrate promising results in select patient populations. Improved knee stability, pain relief, functional recovery, and patient satisfaction improved after surgery. Moreover, the combined approach offered advantages such as reduced surgical trauma, faster rehabilitation, and preservation of native knee anatomy compared with traditional treatment strategies. However, still, high-level studies on this topic are lacking; therefore, more comparative studies reporting long-term outcomes are needed to support the potential of this combined procedure to become mainstream. In this paper, we discuss the relevant features and rationale behind the indications and technique of this combined surgical procedure, to help surgeons choose the correct therapeutic approach for a patient with concomitant medial OA and ACL insufficiency. Continued advancements in surgical techniques, patient selection criteria, and rehabilitation strategies will further enhance the success of this combined approach, offering hope to individuals with concomitant ACL injuries and unicompartmental knee OA.
Surgical Treatment for Isolated Tricuspid Valve Disease: A Less Invasive Approach for Better Outcomes
Authors: Barbero Cristina , Pocar Marco , Brenna Dario , Costamagna Andrea , Aloi Valentina , Capozza Cecilia , Filippini Claudia , Trompeo Anna Chiara , Salizzoni Stefano , Brazzi Luca , Rinaldi Mauro
Published: May 2024

Background. Severe tricuspid valve (TV) disease has a strong association with right ventricle dysfunction, heart failure and mortality. Nevertheless, surgical indications for isolated TV disease are still uncommon. The purpose of this study is to analyze outcomes of patients undergoing minimally invasive isolated TV surgery (ITVS). Methods. Data of patients undergoing right mini-thoracotomy ITVS were prospectively collected. A subgroup analysis was performed on late referral patients. Five-year survival was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier survival estimate. Results. Eighty-one consecutive patients were enrolled; late referral was recorded in 8 out of 81 (9.9%). No cases of major vascular complications nor of stroke were reported. A 30-day mortality was reported in one patient (1.2%). Five-year Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed a significant difference between late referral patients and the control group (p = 0.01); late referral and Euroscore II were found to be significantly associated with reduced mid-term survival (p = 0.005 and p = 0.01, respectively). Conclusions. To date, perioperative mortality in patients undergoing ITVS is still consistently high, even in high-volume, high-experienced centres, and this accounts for the low rate of referral. Results from our report show that, with proper multidisciplinary management, appropriate pre-operative screening, and allocation to the safest approach, ITVS may offer better results than expected.
Acute Kidney Disease following Acute Kidney Injury in Children—A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study on Risk Factors and Outcomes
Authors: Chisavu Flavia , Chisavu Lazar , Ivan Viviana , Schiller Adalbert , Mihaescu Adelina , Marc Luciana , Stroescu Ramona , Steflea Ruxandra Maria , Gafencu Mihai
Published: May 2024

Background: Acute kidney disease (AKD) is a known risk factor for increased mortality and evolution towards chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults. The data regarding AKD in children are scarce. The purpose of our study was to explore the risk factors for developing AKD based on exposures and susceptibilities in children with AKI doubled by the biological parameters from the first day of identified AKI. In addition, we followed the trajectory of AKD following an acute kidney injury (AKI) episode in children during hospital admission and after discharge with special considerations towards mortality and progression to new-onset CKD. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 736 children, ages between 2 and 18 years old, with identified AKI during hospital admission in a tertiary care hospital from west Romania over a 9-year period. Results: AKD incidence following an AKI episode was 17%. Patients who developed AKD were older, with higher baseline serum creatinine, urea, C reactive protein and lower proteins, haemoglobin and sodium levels. In the adjusted model, no biological parameters influenced AKD development. Regarding certain exposures and personal susceptibilities in children with AKI, only anaemia independently increased the risk of AKD development by 2.47 times. However, out of the AKI causes, only the intrinsic causes of AKI independently increased the risk of progressing to AKD (glomerulonephritis by 4.94 and acute tubule-interstitial nephritis by 2.76 times). AKD increased the overall mortality by 2.6 times. The factors that independently increased the risk of CKD were AKD, acute tubular necrosis and higher baseline serum creatinine values. Conclusions: Only anaemia, glomerulonephritis and acute tubule-interstitial nephritis increased the risk of AKD development in children with AKI. AKD was an independent risk factor for mortality and new-onset CKD in children.
In Situ PANI–Graphite Nanochain-like Structures and Their Application as Supercapacitive Electrodes
Authors: Kayode Samuel E. , Awobifa Olaolu S. , Garcia-Lobato Marco A. , Rosas María Téllez , Hoyos Mario , González Francisco J.
Published: May 2024

Composite materials based on polyaniline and graphite were prepared using in situ polymerization of an aniline monomer without any previous treatment. Three monomer/graphite weight ratios during polymerization were studied, which were 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. The composite materials showed a nanochain-like structure whose dimensions vary with the graphite content. Materials were deposited over a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate to evaluate its capacitive performance. The electrochemical measurements carried out in a 0.1 M aqueous solution of H2SO4 showed that PANI-Gr1 composite electrode exhibits a capacitance of 238 F·g−1 at 0.5 A·g−1 within a potential window of 0–0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl. At a current density of 4.0 A·g−1, the PANI-Gr1 composite shows an energy density of 3.0 Wh·kg−1 that is 30% higher than pure PANI, results due to an increase in electrical conductivity concomitant with the morphology change and surface area increase. Composite materials showed promising properties as easily processable and scalable electrodes for supercapacitors.
Thermal Emissivity and Heat Capacity of Composite Metal Foam
Authors: Amoafo-Yeboah Nigel , Rabiei Afsaneh
Published: May 2024

Composite metal foam (CMF) is a new class of material based on a mixture of metal matrix composites and metal foams. While the mechanical properties of CMF are well studied, its thermal properties, particularly at extreme temperatures, are yet to be evaluated and established. This study investigates the specific heat capacity of stainless-steel composite metal foam at temperatures up to 1200 °C while comparing data obtained using the laser flash method and a differential scanning calorimetry method (DSC). Moreover, it outlines a detailed procedure for investigating the surface emissivity of composite metal foam (CMF) as a function of the emissivity of separate components (spheres and matrix). It uses experimental and analytical procedures to show how emissivity is directly affected by surface roughness, temperature, sphere curvature and viewing angles. The CMF used in this study consists of 316L stainless steel matrix and stainless-steel hollow spheres with varying sphere sizes.
Induction of Apoptosis with Silver Nanoparticles Obtained Using Thermophilic Bacteria
Authors: Čekuolytė Kotryna , Šapaitė Diana , Žemgulytė Estera , Gudiukaitė Renata , Lastauskienė Eglė
Published: May 2024

Yeasts resistant to antifungals have become an increasing risk to human health. One of the best antimicrobial properties is reported to be present in silver nanoparticles (AgNPs); however, little is known about the antimicrobial potential of AgNPs produced using thermophilic bacteria. How AgNPs cause cell death is different depending on the type of the cell, and the mode of death induced is cell-type specific. Apoptosis, one of the types of regulated cell death, can be extremely useful in the fight against infection because surrounding cells that have phagocytic activity can efficiently absorb the apoptotic bodies formed during apoptosis. In the course of this work, for the first time, comprehensive antifungal studies of AgNPs were performed using thermophilic Geobacillus spp. bacteria against Candida guilliermondii, also with the addition of the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The determined minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were 10 μg/mL against C. guilliermondii and 50 μg/mL against S. cerevisiae for Geobacillus sp. strain 25 AgNPs, and for Geobacillus sp. 612 the MICs were 5 μg/mL and 25 μg/mL, respectively. It was shown for the first time that the exposure of the yeast cells leads to caspase activation in both S. cerevisiae and C. guilliermondii after exposure to Geobacillus spp. AgNPs. Also, a statistically significant change in the number of cells with permeable membranes was detected. Moreover, it was shown that the antimicrobial effect of the AgNPs is related to ROS generation and lipid peroxidation in C. guilliermondii yeast.
Simulation of Orbital Fractures Using Experimental and Mathematical Approaches: A Pilot Study
Authors: Eiba Patrik , Frydrysek Karel , Zanganeh Behrad , Cepica Daniel , Marsalek Pavel , Handlos Petr , Timkovic Juraj , Stembirek Jan , Cienciala Jakub , Onderka Arnost , Brezik Michal , Mizera Ondrej
Published: May 2024

This contribution gives basic information about the mechanical behavior of the facial part of the human skull cranium, i.e., the splanchnocranium, associated with external loads and injuries caused mainly by brachial violence. The main areas suffering from such violence include the orbit, frontal, and zygomatic bones. In this paper, as a first approach, brachial violence was simulated via quasi-static compression laboratory tests, in which cadaveric skulls were subjected to a load in a testing machine, increasing till fractures occurred. The test skulls were also used for research into the dynamic behavior, in which experimental and numerical analyses were performed. A relatively high variability in forces inducing the fractures has been observed (143–1403 N). The results lay the basis for applications mainly in forensic science, surgery, and ophthalmology.
Effect of Bleaching Agents on Composite Resins with and without Bis-GMA: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Melo María , Dumitrache Bianca , Ghilotti James , Sanz José Luis , Llena Carmen
Published: May 2024

The objective was to evaluate the change in color, hardness, and roughness produced by carbamide peroxide (CP) at two different concentrations on two resins. The 16% or 45% CP was applied to 66 resin discs with and without Bis-GMA. The color was measured with a spectrophotometer, and ΔEab and ΔE00 were calculated. Microhardness tester and SEM were used. In both composites, the a* and b* coordinates tended to be red and yellow, respectively, and were significant in the Bis-GMA group (p < 0.05). The ΔEab and ΔE00 were higher in the composite with Bis-GMA, regardless of the treatment received (p < 0.05). The microhardness was reduced in both composites regardless of the PC concentration compared to the control (p < 0.05). The 45% CP reduced the microhardness in the resin group with Bis-GMA compared to 16% CP (p < 0.001) but was not significant in the resin without Bis-GMA (p = 1). An increase in roughness was directly proportional to the concentration of CP, and it was more notable in the composite without Bis-GMA. The composite with Bis-GMA showed a greater tendency to darken than the one without Bis-GMA. The surface hardness of the composite was reduced in both composites and was not influenced by CP concentration in the composite without Bis-GMA. Bleaching is a common procedure nowadays. It is important to know how CP affects composites to establish a prognosis of the treatments in terms of color change, roughness, and hardness.
Heart Rate Variability Applications in Strength and Conditioning: A Narrative Review
Authors: Addleman Jennifer S. , Lackey Nicholas S. , DeBlauw Justin A. , Hajduczok Alexander G.
Published: May 2024

Heart rate variability (HRV) is defined as the fluctuation of time intervals between adjacent heartbeats and is commonly used as a surrogate measure of autonomic function. HRV has become an increasingly measured variable by wearable technology for use in fitness and sport applications. However, with its increased use, a gap has arisen between the research and the application of this technology in strength and conditioning. The goal of this narrative literature review is to discuss current evidence and propose preliminary guidelines regarding the application of HRV in strength and conditioning. A literature review was conducted searching for HRV and strength and conditioning, aiming to focus on studies with time-domain measurements. Studies suggest that HRV is a helpful metric to assess training status, adaptability, and recovery after a training program. Although reduced HRV may be a sign of overreaching and/or overtraining syndrome, it may not be a sensitive marker in aerobic-trained athletes and therefore has different utilities for different athletic populations. There is likely utility to HRV-guided programming compared to predefined programming in several types of training. Evidence-based preliminary guidelines for the application of HRV in strength and conditioning are discussed. This is an evolving area of research, and more data are needed to evaluate the best practices for applying HRV in strength and conditioning.
Numerical Investigation of the Seabed Dynamic Response to a Perforated Semi-Circular Breakwater
Authors: Gao Yikang , Wang Guangsheng , Yu Tong , Yang Yanhao , Sui Titi , Liu Jingang , Guan Dawei
Published: May 2024

The semi-circular breakwater (SBW) has been implemented at numerous global locations due to its outstanding wave dissipation effectiveness and high structural performance. This study extends prior research by investigating the seabed dynamic response and hydrodynamic response characteristics around perforated SBWs. A coupled numerical model is developed to integrate waves, a semi-circular breakwater, and a sandy seabed. Wave behavior is simulated using Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with a k-ε turbulence closure scheme, and the seabed response is numerically simulated using Biot’s full-dynamic (u-w) equations. After verifying computational accuracy, a series of tests is conducted to explore the effects of marine environments and SBW characteristics. Test results reveal a positive correlation between seabed response and wave height, wave period, and perforation number, while showing a negative correlation between seabed response and water depth and perforation rate. The basic perforation type is more effective than front and rear perforation types in maintaining a stable flow field and seabed response. These findings provide insights for designing SBWs for effective wave dissipation and seabed stability in complex marine environments, offering valuable recommendations for future designs.
A Pilot Study on the Diel Vertical Migration Pattern of Mesopelagic Fishes in the Southern and Central South China Sea
Authors: Zhang Jun , Jiang Yan’e , Gong Yuyan , Cai Yancong , Kong Xiaolan , Tian Han , Diao Qingqing , Chen Zuozhi
Published: May 2024

The diel vertical migration of mesopelagic fishes in the southern (S-May station and S-Nov station) and central (C-Jun station and C-Dec station) South China Sea was investigated through a series of continuous field surveys conducted in May, June, November, and December 2017. These surveys employed a combination of mid-water trawl and acoustics techniques. The diel migration process, vertical distribution, acoustic migration proportion, and migration pattern of mesopelagic fishes were analyzed. The results revealed that mesopelagic fishes initiated an upward migration before sunset, with the process concluding within 30–120 min after dark. Subsequently, they commenced a downward migration before dawn, which terminated within 10–50 min after sunrise. The mesopelagic deep-sea layers of mesopelagic fishes at the S-May, S-Nov, C-Jun, and C-Dec stations ranged from 360 to 700 m, 350 to 680 m, 350 to 520 m, and 300 to 700 m, respectively. The acoustic migration proportions of mesopelagic fishes at the corresponding stations were found to be approximately 44.5%, 25.7%, 29.8%, and 58.0%, respectively. There were seasonal and regional differences in the vertical migration and distribution patterns of mesopelagic fishes in the South China Sea. A total of 228 species were identified, including 203 fish species, 23 cephalopod species, and 2 shark species. Among these, a subset of 43 fish and cephalopod species exhibited extensive diel vertical migrating behavior. Specifically, this subset comprised 23 lanternfish species, 8 cephalopod species, and 12 other fish species. Lanternfishes were the predominant diel vertical migratory species, while cephalopods also played a significant role in diel vertical migration. The diel migration behavior was found to be slight for Diaphus lucidus, Melamphaes microps, Argyropelecus affinis, and six other fish species. Non-migratory behavior was observed in Sternoptyx obscura, Argyropelecus sladeni, Sternoptyx diaphana, and 13 other fish species. The diel migration habits of 178 additional species of fish, cephalopods, and sharks could not be definitively determined.
Ontology-Based Method for Identifying Abnormal Ship Behavior: A Navigation Rule Perspective
Authors: Zhou Chunhui , Wen Kunlong , Zhao Junnan , Bian Ziyuan , Lu Taotao , Ko Ko Latt Myo , Wang Chengli
Published: May 2024

Navigation rules are critical for regulating ship behavior, and effective water traffic management requires accurate identification of ships exhibiting abnormal behavior that violates these rules. To address this need, this paper presents an ontology-based method for identifying abnormal ship behavior. First, we analyzed navigation rules (local regulations) to extract key elements. Next, based on this extraction, we built a navigation rule ontology that categorized ship behavior into state behavior (ship behavior at a specific time point) and process behavior (ship behavior in a time interval). We then constructed an abnormal ship behavior ontology, defined using topological relationships and navigation rules. Finally, we constructed inference rules to detect abnormal ship behaviors by using SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language) and validated the effectiveness of the method with ship instances. The experimental results demonstrate that this method can accurately infer ships’ behaviors that deviate from established navigation rules. This research has significant implications for reducing waterborne traffic accidents, improving navigational safety, and safeguarding maritime traffic.
Status and Challenges of Marine Current Turbines: A Global Review
Authors: Gu Yajing , Zou Tian , Liu Hongwei , Lin Yonggang , Ren He , Li Qingjun
Published: May 2024

Over the past few decades, marine current energy utilization has transitioned from conceptual demonstrations to industrial-scale prototypes. This progression now approaches a crucial phase emphasizing the need for industrialization and commercialization. This paper provides an in-depth examination of the developmental status of large-scale marine current turbines and arrays, underscoring the promising prospects for marine current energy systems. Despite the significant advancements, the deployment of these systems has revealed several challenges, including blade design optimization, transmission system selection, and the establishment of appropriate test sites. Addressing these issues is essential for technological maturity and economic feasibility, which will foster the next wave of innovation in marine energy systems. Furthermore, the paper offers various perspectives for future applications.
Ship-Radiated Noise Separation in Underwater Acoustic Environments Using a Deep Time-Domain Network
Authors: He Qunyi , Wang Haitao , Zeng Xiangyang , Jin Anqi
Published: May 2024

Ship-radiated noise separation is critical in both military and economic domains. However, due to the complex underwater environments with multiple noise sources and reverberation, separating ship-radiated noise poses a significant challenge. Traditionally, underwater acoustic signal separation has employed blind source separation methods based on independent component analysis. Recently, the separation of underwater acoustic signals has been approached as a deep learning problem. This involves learning the features of ship-radiated noise from training data. This paper introduces a deep time-domain network for ship-radiated noise separation by leveraging the power of parallel dilated convolution and group convolution. The separation layer employs parallel dilated convolution operations with varying expansion factors to better extract low-frequency features from the signal envelope while preserving detailed information. Additionally, we use group convolution to reduce the expansion of network size caused by parallel convolution operations, enabling the network to maintain a smaller size and computational complexity while achieving good separation performance. The proposed approach is demonstrated to be superior to the other common networks in the DeepShip dataset through comprehensive comparisons.
Study on Sensitivity Mechanism of Low-Permeability Sandstone Reservoir in Huilu Area of Pearl River Mouth Basin
Authors: Li Hongbo , Ding Lin , Zang Qibiao , Wu Qiongling , Ma Yongkun , Wang Yuchen , Zhou Sandong , Cheng Qiaoyun , Tian Xin , Niu Jiancheng , Sun Mengdi
Published: May 2024

Reservoir sensitivity is a parameter that is used to evaluate the degree of change in reservoir permeability under the influence of external fluids. Accurate evaluation of reservoir sensitivity is conducive to the optimization of fluid parameters during exploration and development. Taking the Wenchang Formation and Enping Formation of the Paleogene in the Huilu area of the Pearl River Mouth Basin as the research object, reservoir sensitivity experiments were carried out. Combined with the corresponding experimental results obtained using methods such as thin section identification, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and screening analysis, based on mineral sensitization and pore structure sensitization, qualitative and quantitative evaluations of reservoir sensitivity were carried out, and factors affecting sensitivity and sensitization mechanisms were analyzed. This work shows the following: (1) The sandstone reservoirs in the two areas have the same clay type, but the total clay content of the Wenchang Formation is greater than that of the Enping Formation. The porosity of the Wenchang Formation is less developed than the Enping Formation. (2) The Wenchang Formation has weak or moderately weak water sensitivity and moderately weak or moderately strong flow velocity sensitivity. The water sensitivity of the Enping Group samples is moderately weak or moderately strong, the flow rate sensitivity is moderately weak, the alkali sensitivity is weak, the acid sensitivity is moderately weak, and the salinity sensitivity is moderately weak or moderately strong. (3) The sensitivity of the Wenchang Formation is mainly affected by the content of clay minerals. The sensitivity of the Enping Formation is also affected by the clay content and type. Although the clay content is not high, the permeability is more susceptible to sensitivity due to the pore structure and debris particle distribution characteristics. These conclusions are beneficial for the selection of fluid parameters and efficient reservoir development.
Biological Characteristics, Domesticated Cultivation Protocol, Antioxidant Activity, and Protective Effects against Cellular Oxidative Stress of an Underutilized Medicinal Mushroom: Fomitopsis palustris
Authors: Liang Yi , Dai Dan , Chang Wan-Qiu , Wang Yang , Zhang Zhen-Hao , Li Dan , Zhang Bo , Li Yu
Published: May 2024

Brown-rot fungus is one of the important medicinal mushrooms, which include some species within the genus Fomitopsis. This study identified wild macrofungi collected from a broad-leaved tree in Liaoning Province as Fomitopsis palustris using both morphological and molecular methods. To elucidate the potential medicinal and economic value of F. palustris, we conducted single-factor and orthogonal tests to optimize its mycelium culture conditions. Subsequently, we completed liquid culture and domestic cultivation based on these findings. Furthermore, crude polysaccharides were extracted from the cultivated fruiting bodies of F. palustris and their antioxidant activity was evaluated using chemical methods and cell-based models. The results showed that the optimal culture conditions for F. palustris mycelium were glucose as the carbon source, yeast extract powder as the nitrogen source, pH 6.0, and a temperature of 35 °C. Moreover, temperature was found to have the most significant impact on mycelial growth. The liquid strains were fermented for 6 days and then inoculated into a cultivation substrate composed of broadleaf sawdust, resulting in mature fruiting bodies in approximately 60 days. The crude polysaccharides extracted from the cultivated fruiting bodies of F. palustris (FPPs) possess in vitro scavenging abilities against DPPH radicals and OH radicals, as well as a certain ferric-reducing antioxidant power. Additionally, FPPs effectively mitigated H2O2-induced oxidative stress in RAW264.7cells by enhancing the intracellular activity of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and CAT, scavenging excess ROS, and reducing MDA levels. This study provides preliminarily evidence of the potential medicinal and economic value of F. palustris and offers initial data for the future development and utilization of this species.
The Impact of Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis on Mucormycosis Research
Authors: Lewis Russell E.
Published: May 2024

Dimitrios P [...]
Evaluation of Polygenic Risk Scores for Prediction of Coronary Artery Disease in a Greek Case-Control Study
Authors: Dimitriou Maria , Moulos Panagiotis , Kalafati Ioanna Panagiota , Saranti Georgia , Rallidis Loukianos S. , Dedoussis George V.
Published: May 2024

Coronary artery disease (CAD) stands as the most predominant type of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) have become essential tools for quantifying genetic susceptibility, and researchers endeavor to improve their predictive precision. The aim of the present work is to assess the performance and the relative contribution of PRSs developed for CVD or CAD within a Greek population. The sample under study comprised 924 Greek individuals (390 cases with CAD and 534 controls) from the THISEAS study. Nine PRSs drawn from the PGS catalog were replicated and tested for CAD risk prediction. PRSs computations were performed in the R language, and snpStats was used to process genotypic data. Descriptive characteristics of the study were analyzed using the statistical software IBM SPSS Statistics v21.0. The effectiveness of each PRS was assessed using the PRS R2 metric provided by PRSice2. Among nine PRSs, PGS000747 greatly increased the predictive value of primary CAD risk factors by 21.6% (p-value = 2.63 × 10−25). PGS000012 was associated with a modest increase in CAD risk by 2.2% (p-value = 9.58 × 10−4). The remarkable risk discrimination capability of PGS000747 stands out as the most noteworthy outcome of our study.
Surgical and Biological Treatment with a Platelet-Rich Fibrin Matrix for Patellar Tendinopathy: Clinical Outcomes and Return to Sport at 2-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Iacono Venanzio , Padovani Luca , Qordja Fjorela , De Berardinis Luca , Screpis Daniele , Gigante Antonio Pompilio , Zorzi Claudio
Published: May 2024

Background: Patellar tendinopathy (PT) involves anterior knee pain and functional. Platelet-rich fibrin matrix (PRFM) is a promising biological therapy for tendinopathies. We examined a cohort of PT patients treated with tendon debridement and autologous PRFM at the 24-month follow-up to assess whether the combined treatment facilitated return to sports and yielded satisfactory clinical and functional scores. Methods: Baseline and 24-month visual analogue scale (VAS), Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment Scale for Patellar Tendinopathy (VISA-P), Tegner Activity Scale (TAS), and Blazina scores were compared to evaluate treatment effectiveness. The Friedman test was used to compare repeated observations of VAS, VISA-P, TAS, and Blazina Score values. Return to sport rate, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TKS) score and patient satisfaction were collected at 24 months. Results: The postoperative clinical scores demonstrated significant improvement compared with their preoperative values (all p < 0.001). Specifically, the VISA-P score was 80.32 (±20.58), 92.10% of patients had resumed sports activities and patient satisfaction was 9.21 (±1.21) at 24 months. Conclusions: Surgical debridement and autologous PRFM application in patients with chronic PT resulted in a higher rate of return to sports when compared to solely surgical treatment, significantly improved clinical outcomes and excellent patient satisfaction at 24 months.
Evaluation of ChatGPT as a Counselling Tool for Italian-Speaking MASLD Patients: Assessment of Accuracy, Completeness and Comprehensibility
Authors: Pugliese Nicola , Polverini Davide , Lombardi Rosa , Pennisi Grazia , Ravaioli Federico , Armandi Angelo , Buzzetti Elena , Dalbeni Andrea , Liguori Antonio , Mantovani Alessandro , Villani Rosanna , Gardini Ivan , Hassan Cesare , Valenti Luca , Miele Luca , Petta Salvatore , Sebastiani Giada , Aghemo Alessio ,   NAFLD Expert Chatbot Working Group
Published: May 2024

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI)-based chatbots have shown promise in providing counseling to patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). While ChatGPT3.5 has demonstrated the ability to comprehensively answer MASLD-related questions in English, its accuracy remains suboptimal. Whether language influences these results is unclear. This study aims to assess ChatGPT’s performance as a counseling tool for Italian MASLD patients. Methods: Thirteen Italian experts rated the accuracy, completeness and comprehensibility of ChatGPT3.5 in answering 15 MASLD-related questions in Italian using a six-point accuracy, three-point completeness and three-point comprehensibility Likert’s scale. Results: Mean scores for accuracy, completeness and comprehensibility were 4.57 ± 0.42, 2.14 ± 0.31 and 2.91 ± 0.07, respectively. The physical activity domain achieved the highest mean scores for accuracy and completeness, whereas the specialist referral domain achieved the lowest. Overall, Fleiss’s coefficient of concordance for accuracy, completeness and comprehensibility across all 15 questions was 0.016, 0.075 and −0.010, respectively. Age and academic role of the evaluators did not influence the scores. The results were not significantly different from our previous study focusing on English. Conclusion: Language does not appear to affect ChatGPT’s ability to provide comprehensible and complete counseling to MASLD patients, but accuracy remains suboptimal in certain domains.
Atrial Fibrillation and Mortality after Gastrointestinal Surgery: Insights from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Palcău Alexandru Cosmin , Șerbănoiu Liviu Ionuț , Ion Daniel , Păduraru Dan Nicolae , Bolocan Alexandra , Mușat Florentina , Andronic Octavian , Busnatu Ștefan-Sebastian , Iliesiu Adriana Mihaela
Published: May 2024

Background: Heart failure, stroke and death are major dangers associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), a common abnormal heart rhythm. Having a gastrointestinal (GI) procedure puts patients at risk for developing AF, especially after large abdominal surgery. Although earlier research has shown a possible connection between postoperative AF and higher mortality, the exact nature of this interaction is yet uncertain. Methods: To investigate the relationship between AF and death after GI procedures, this research carried out a thorough meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled studies or clinical trials. Finding relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) required a comprehensive search across many databases. Studies involving GI surgery patients with postoperative AF and mortality outcomes were the main focus of the inclusion criteria. We followed PRISMA and Cochrane Collaboration protocols for data extraction and quality assessment, respectively. Results: After GI surgery, there was no statistically significant difference in mortality between the AF and non-AF groups, according to an analysis of the available trials (p = 0.97). The mortality odds ratio (OR) was 1.03 (95% CI [0.24, 4.41]), suggesting that there was no significant correlation. Nevertheless, there was significant heterogeneity throughout the trials, which calls for careful interpretation. Conclusion: Despite the lack of a significant link between AF and death after GI surgery in our study, contradictory data from other research highlight the intricacy of this relationship. Discrepancies may arise from variations in patient demographics, research methodology and procedural problems. These results emphasize the necessity for additional extensive and varied studies to fully clarify the role of AF in postoperative mortality in relation to GI procedures. Comprehending the subtleties of this correlation might enhance future patient outcomes and contribute to evidence-based therapeutic decision making.