bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Origin of the Jewish Historian Artapanus
Authors: Piotrkowski Meron
Published: February 2025

This article explores the possibility that the Jewish historian Artapanus may have come from Teucheria in Cyrenaica. The argument is based on onomastic patterns in epigraphy. The name Artapanus (and its derivates) is not documented much elsewhere in the Hellenistic-Roman orbit (only 16 times) and all its occurrences from the entire ancient Jewish Diaspora derive from Teucheria, where the name is attested an astonishing seven times — the eighth belonging to Artapanus, the historian — in funerary epitaphs discovered in burial courts with a high concentration of Jewish tombs. This finding is suggestive and if correct, Artapanus would thus join the ranks of another famous Jewish author of Cyrenian origin, namely Jason of Cyrene. Artapanus‘ Cyrenian origin, moreover, would explain the Egyptian setting of his writings and his familiarity with native Egyptians, their customs and religion, since the Cyrenaica was part of the Ptolemaic/Egyptian orbit.
Caesarea Maritima Asklepios and the Question of Glykon
Authors: Gersht Rivka
Published: February 2025

The resemblance of the small marble head of Asklepios uncovered in Caesarea in 2015 to the portrait of Asklepios holding an egg from Nea Paphos brought me into the dispute concerning the significance of the egg held by the god in many of his images. The evidence examined made it clear that (a) any attempt to link the egg in Asklepios‘ hand with Glykon‘s epiphany and cult is incorrect; (b) the interpretation of the egg as a symbol of the universe was not in the mind of the sculptor who first put an egg in the hands of Asklepios and Hygieia; (c) the egg is nothing but the serpent‘s diet; (d) although Glykon was another aspect of the healing god he was never shown in Asklepios‘ guise; (e) and that in inscriptions — including those accompanying images of Asklepios serving an egg to his serpent — the god of medicine is associated with other deities than Glykon.
Among the Caesarea types of Asklepios — discussed in the supplemental catalogue of images — the Amelung or its related Giustini type could have held an egg in the right hand; yet no evidence associating these images with Asklepios-Glykon in Roman Caesarea exist. Glykon was a rather common name/nickname, even before the invention of the god by Alexander of Abonoteichos. Individuals named Glykon, in Caesarea and elsewhere, had nothing to do with the god who bears the same name. In Caesarea Asklepios was not associated with Glykon but with Serapis; he ensured the health of the people of Roman Caesarea and was venerated in private dwellings and in the public sphere. Asklepios, for exemplifying the functional, hygienic, and medicinal merits of bathing, also served, along with his daughter Hygieia, the Caesarean Christians who used the bath in Insula W2S3 between the fifth and seventh century.
Public Boats of Olbia: Warships or State Merchantmen?
Authors: Nantet Emmanuel
Published: February 2025

The “public boats”, mentioned in the inscription IosPE I2, 32, found in Olbia, have been identified variously as warships or as state merchantmen. This statement is all the more important since it would imply that cities may have owned merchantmen. Nevertheless, it seemed to many scholars that ancient cities were unable to maintain commercial ships. Therefore, it was suggested at first that these πλοῖα δημόζια could have been triereis, as the word πλοῖον, although used most often for merchantmen, is occasionally applied to fighting ships. However, Xenophon‟s recommendation to create a fleet of public merchantmen reveals that the existence of such boats was not an extravagant idea. Moreover, a close reading of the inscription IosPE I2, 32 shows that these πλοῖα δημόζια were probably used to carry stones for the repair of the rampart. Yet triereis were not suitable to convey ashlars, as their hull was too narrow. Last but not least, the existence of πλοῖα δημόζια is very well evidenced in 4th-century-CE Egypt. Thus, it was quite feasible for ancient cities to maintain public boats.
Were There Greek Federal States?
Authors: Walbank Frank W.
Published: February 2025

Were There Greek Federal States?
Raphia, 217 B.C.E., Revisited
Authors: Galili El'azar
Published: February 2025

Raphia, 217 B.C.E., Revisited
Felicitas and the Concordia of the Severan House
Authors: Rubin Ze'ev
Published: February 2025

The Felicitas and the Concordia of the Severan House
Briseis: The Woman as a Speaking Sign
Authors: Redfield James M.
Published: February 2025

Conflict over Briseis tangles both Agamemnon and Achilles in the complexities of rules governing award of booty. Achilles’ consent to let the girl go turns out to be his tragic error, prematurely deciding for him the choice between his loyalty to his comrades and his personal happiness. This choice may be central to the age-old heroic story pattern, as far back as Gilgamesh.
syntax of interjections: Evidence from New Testament Greek
Authors: Andrason Alexander , Durán Mañas Mónica
Published: February 2025

The present article studies the syntax of interjections in New Testament Greek (NTG). By analyzing the compliance of NTG interjections with the six features associated with the interjective prototype in linguistic typology, the authors conclude the following: NTG interjections exhibit a semi-canonical and semi-extra-systematic profile. Interjections comply with three features (lack of integration in the clause grammar, incompatibility with syntactic operations, and a sentence-/clause-/phrase-peripheral (or external) position). The compliance with one feature (phonological separation) is partial. Two features tend to be violated (holophrasticity and lack of constructional combinatority). The syntactic profile of NTG interjections is highly similar to the profile exhibited by interjections in Classical Greek (5th-4th BCE), which demonstrates that the interjective syntax has remained fairly unaltered, at least, over five centuries.
GLAJJ: Two More Addenda
Authors: Geiger Joseph
Published: February 2025

The two notes are further Addenda to Stern’s masterful GLAJJ. The first is a mention by Herodas of Ake (Acre) before renamed Ptolemais. The second argues that Plutarch’s mention of Nicolaus dates in Table Talk, 8.4 should have earned a separate entry.
An Epic Formula in Herodotus
Authors: Zelnick-Abramovitz Rachel
Published: February 2025

This paper examines Herodotus’s use of a formulaic phrase, known from Homer and the drama, by analyzing four test cases. The analysis reveals how Herodotus embeds mythical and traditional stories and the epic language in the relatively new genre of historiography and how the historical narrative is shaped by them. By this technique Herodotus associates himself with Homer and presents a continuous historical narrative that stretches from mythical times to his own, but also undermines the traditional Homeric authority by giving the formulaic language new contexts and implications, sometimes contrary to their mythical model.
Augustus as Commander in Chief: Approaching Strategy and Leadership in (Civil) War
Authors: Hjort Lange Carsten
Published: February 2025

When focusing on Augustus as a commander in chief, a strategist, and a field commander – and especially the formative years of the civil war(s) –, there are numerous potential approaches. We know that he fought battles, campaigns, and wars. Sometimes he did well, sometimes less so. Traditionally, Augustus has not been viewed as a good general, but he was, or so this article claims, an excellent commander. We shall here discuss the actual fighting only when it has a direct bearing on what might be termed the ‘command structure’, in this case during the triumvirate and beyond, and its formulation of strategy. Rather, the main question is as follows: how did the learning curve followed by Young Caesar on his rise to power create a new, shared command structure as part of a monarchical system, with Augustus as commander in chief? If we look at political initiative in warfare and military campaigns, rather than just considering warfare from a tactical point of view, then leadership is always a learning curve. This is accordingly a question of how we, as scholars, approach ancient warfare, strategy, and the relationships between commanders: for example, the ‘high command’ or commander in chief in one theatre and the field commander in the other. This is thus an article on how we, as scholars, approach Roman military history in general.
Ein Grabbau für einen Legionssoldaten in Jerusalem, erbaut von seinem Bruder. Zur Aussagekraft einer Inschrift, publiziert in IEJ 70, 2020
Authors: Eck Werner
Published: February 2025

In IEJ 70, 2020, 90-98 a fragmentary funerary inscription of a Roman soldier was published. The stone cannot be called a stele, but is rather an ashlar that belongs to a larger funerary monument. It can be assumed with a high degree of certainty that the deceased served in legio X Fretensis, into which he was recruited at the age of 18; he died at the age of 28. The V in front of the name of the brother who built the tomb (aedificavit) is either to be understood as an abbreviated gentilic or as an indication that he carried out the construction during his lifetime.
In IEJ 70, 2020, 90-98 ist eine fragmentarische Grabinschrift eines römischen Soldaten publiziert worden. Der Stein kann nicht als Stele bezeichnet werden, ist vielmehr ein Quader, der zu einem größeren Grabmonument gehört. Man darf mit weitgehender Si-cherheit davon ausgehen, dass der Verstorbene in der legio X Fretensis gedient hat, in die er im Alter von 18 Jahren rekrutiert wurde; mit 28 Jahren ist er verstorben. Das V vor dem Namen des Bruders, der das Grabmal erbaute (aedificavit), ist entweder als abgekürztes Gentilnomen zu verstehen oder auch als Hinweis, dass er den Bau zu Lebzeiten ausführte.
Provincial Palace (Praetorium) in Tiberias? The Archaeological Finds and the Evidence of the Literary Sources
Authors: Patrich Joseph , Meir Eran , Amitai Aharoni
Published: February 2025

The large building (ca. 2500 sq. m.) of interest in this article is located in the southern civic center of the old city of Tiberias. It is symmetrical in plan, a basilical hall oriented east–west served as its core, and it has been dated to the third or fourth century CE. Underneath, in a deeper layer, the remains of an earlier structure, dated to the first or second century CE, came to light. Due to its elaborate decorations, typical of Herodian times, the prevalent opinion is that these are the remains of the palace of Herod Antipas, the founder of Tiberias, that later served Agrippa I. If this is indeed the case, then after the Herodian dynasty ended with the death of Agrippa II (100 CE), this Herodian property came into the possession of the Roman provincial regime. In the early third century, Tiberias became a Roman colony, the seat of the great rabbinic academy and the Jewish patriarch. Rabbinic and Roman literary sources indicate that three emperors (Hadrian, “Antoninus,” and Diocletian) visited the city and that it was frequented regularly by Roman officials including the governor of Judea-Palestina, who held assizes that handed down death sentences there. Hence, Tiberias was an “assize city” in the judicial circuit system (conventus) of the Roman governor, who also served as the supreme judge. Accordingly, it is suggested that the palatial building of interest in this article was a praetorium—a provincial residential and administrative complex and not just an elaborate private mansion.
Δίκαιος and Cognates in Plato’s Crito
Authors: Liebersohn Yosef Z. (Yossie)
Published: February 2025

The term ‘justice’ and its cognates appear frequently enough in Plato’s Crito to serve as a vehicle for all discussions of this dialogue. In this paper, I will examine the various usages of dik- in the Crito and show that, within the broad meaning of justice, each usage has a unique meaning. Only by deciphering these specific meanings can the conversation between Crito and Socrates be fully understood, and Plato’s message in the Crito properly evaluated.
Daphnis in the Middle: Theocritus’ Inter-generic Poetics and the Origins of the Bucolic Genre
Authors: Kampakoglou Alexandros
Published: February 2025

Because of its programmatic significance, Idyll 1 features prominently in modern discussions of the origins of the bucolic genre. While some scholars prioritize the connection with early hexameter poetry, others call attention to the tragic elements in it. Against this background, this paper argues that Daphnis holds an interstitial position between epic and drama. Thyrsis’ song may rely on epic poetry for its formal elements, but its theme and motifs bespeak the influence of tragic poetry. Thyrsis and Daphnis stand in a mirroring relationship that symbolizes the intergeneric combination of epic and dramatic traditions. Considering the presentation of Daphnis in Sositheus’ Daphnis or Lityerses and Theocritus 6 can help us appreciate the theatrical elements in Daphnis’ behavior in Idyll 1. Daphnis’ silence, his refusal to accept divine help, and his isolation from the bucolic community suggest dramatic, and particularly Sophoclean, influence. Daphnis’ fear of ridicule by Aphrodite motivates his anger thus bringing him close to a reaction typically associated with Sophocles’ heroes. Theocritus combination of epic and tragic elements reflects discussions about the exact lines separating dramatic genres in Hellenistic times. It also signals that Theocritus appropriates tragedy’s critical reworking of epic to establish bucolic poetry as an autonomous genre.
Hadrian in Iudaea. Zu gefälschten Inschriften ὑπὲρ σωτηρίας αὐτοκράτορος Καίσαρος Τραιανοῦ Ἁδριανοῦ
Authors: Eck Werner
Published: February 2025

Die Provinz Judäa spielte in der Politik Hadrians von Beginn an eine entscheidende Rolle. Sein Bild, das wir aus den jüdischen Quellen erhalten, ist vor allem durch die Gründung der colonia Aelia Capitolina und den Bar Kochba Krieg bestimmt. Wie aber die nichtjüdische Bevölkerung zu ihm stand, ist bisher unbekannt. Eine griechische Inschrift, die im Jahr 1994 publiziert wurde, schien eine solche nichtjüdische Stimme zu sein. Denn nach dem Text hat eine kome den olympischen Göttern und Hadrian etwas dediziert. Der Text lag zunächst nur in einer Abschrift vor. Als die Inschrift 2003 im Antiquitätenhandel angeboten wurde, wurde sie erneut publiziert, nicht jedoch das Photo des Steins, das damals verfügbar war. Dieses aber zeigt mit aller Deutlichkeit, dass die Inschrift nicht antik sein kann, sondern gefälscht ist. Wenige Jahre später tauchte derselbe Text erneut auf, diesmal auf einer kleinen Bronzetafel, die aber, da der Besitzer mit dem identischen Text auf Stein konfrontiert wurde, sogleich wieder verschwand. Der Text der beiden Inschriften ist eine moderne Fälschung, die die Lücke in unserem Wissen um die Provinz in hadrianischer Zeit nicht verringern kann.
What Caesarea Has to Do with Alexandria? The Christian Library between Myth and Reality
Authors: Inowlocki Sabrina
Published: February 2025

This article critically reevaluates the available sources concerning the library of Caesarea, commonly known as the first Christian library established towards the end of the 3rd century CE by the martyr Pamphilus, who was the teacher and close associate of Eusebius of Caesarea. The main contention is that Jerome’s portrayal of the library and its founder in Epistle 34 has exerted a profound and enduring influence, often leading to an exaggerated view of the size and status of the library. By contextualizing Jerome’s depiction within the broader late ancient cultural discourses on bibliography, the article also explores how it was received and transmitted throughout the pre-modern period.
Medical Fraternity: Initiations in the Hippocratic Corpus
Authors: Ustinova Yulia
Published: February 2025

By the end of the fifth century, Hippocratic physicians were organised in a family-like association, which acted according to formal statutes, recorded in the Oath, the Law, and other deontological texts. The Hippocratics were required to adhere to strict norms of ritual and moral purity, allowing the members of the association to regard themselves as holy men, pure and pious. Medical transmission included written texts, practical instruction, and oral tradition, presumably of esoteric knowledge prohibited to the uninitiated. A Hippocratic physician probably had to undergo rites of passage on two occasions. The first initiation was performed when he began his studies as a boy or adolescent; the second followed after years of apprenticeship and formally signified his becoming a physician. The combination of a two-stage initiation into esoteric wisdom, quasi-familial ties between the master and his disciples, and the emphasis on healing as a lofty vocation was characteristic of the associations of philosophers and healers in Magna Graecia. It is possible that the Hippocratics adopted some of their practices, particularly the elements of initiation rituals, and combined them with the norms and ceremonies of the Asclepiad clans of Cos and Cnidus.
Undescribed Appearances in Classical Greek Politics
Authors: Martin Peter B.
Published: February 2025

Classical Greek historians, biographers, and orators rarely described the appearance of individual public figures. By contrast, Homer depicted the looks of individuals, as did ancient historians, biographers, and orators after the Classical Greek era. This unusual silence about appearances in Classical Greek texts is perhaps connected to the undifferentiation of appearances in much of Classical Greek art. Arguing from visual and textual evidence, this paper seeks to describe and understand the disregard of appearances in Classical Greek politics.
Punishment and Authority in the Athenian Forensic Discourse
Authors: Kucharski Janek
Published: February 2025

Authority is a presupposition built into the modern concept of punishment, both in terms of its moral or legal justification, as well as language. Its lack not only raises questions about the justice of harming an offender for an offence, but also about the felicity of labeling such an act as punishment. In the ancient Athenian forensic discourse, however, punishment was not a distinct notional category. It was a concept superimposed on several other terms, each with its own semantic domain extending beyond the punitive sphere. It has been argued, nonetheless, that authority was a fundamental criterion of this concept, one, which distinguished the sense of “punishment” from other possible meanings of the relevant vocabulary. Indeed, when it came to legal offences, the orators showed a keen awareness that punishment was an exclusive prerogative of the state and its institutions. Yet on the level of discourse, they seem no longer interested in maintaining this distinction, as they frequently speak of punishment meted out to offenders by non- authoritative agents, such as the prosecutor. This paper argues that the question of authority, although legally recognised, never entered the framework which shaped the discourse of punishment in classical Athens.
Il Lykion e la conservazione della sua identità: da Dioscoride a Maimonide e alle soglie dell’età contemporanea
Authors: Taborelli Luigi
Published: February 2025

A journey through time, between archaeology, philology, pharmacology and botany, but also through space, from the Mediterranean Sea to India, following the trade of a very special commodity. This is how the author’s journey in search of information on the identity of a valuable medicine can be summarised. In far-flung markets based on traditional trade skills and customs, the preservation of a commodity’s name and its recognisability were essential to ensure the survival of the commodity itself and the culture it carried. Knowledge of the properties of the Lykion medicine known to the encyclopaedists and physicians of the Greco-Roman era can be traced back to Jewish and Islamic culture and up to the dawn of the contemporary age.
A Comparative Study on Policy Instruments in Inter-Provincial, Border Economic, and Overseas Trade Cooperation Zones
Authors: Zhang Quan
Published: February 2025

This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the policy instruments applicable to three distinct types of economic cooperation zones in China: inter-provincial municipal cooperation zones, border economic cooperation zones, and overseas economic and trade cooperation zones. By examining the specific policies, incentives, and regulatory frameworks in each zone, this study aims to identify commonalities and differences in policy approaches, and to assess their effectiveness in promoting economic development and regional integration.
Impossible Asks: Can the Transparency and Consent Framework Ever Authorise Real-Time Bidding After the Belgian DPA Decision?
Authors: Veale Michael , Nouwens Midas , Santos Cristiana
Published: February 2025

On 2 February 2022, the Belgian Data Protection Authority handed down a decision concerning IAB Europe and its Transparency and Consent Framework (TCF), a system designed to facilitate compliance of real-time bidding (RTB), a widespread online advertising approach, with the GDPR. Here, we summarise and analyse this large, complex case. We argue that by characterising IAB Europe as a joint controller with RTB actors, this important decision gives DPAs an agreed-upon blueprint to deal with a structurally difficult enforcement challenge. Furthermore, under the DPA’s simple-looking remedial orders are deep technical and organisational tensions. We analyse these “impossible asks”, concluding that absent a fundamental change to RTB, IAB Europe will be unable to adapt the TCF to bring RTB into compliance with the decision.
Data as a national asset
Authors: Mishra Kushang
Published: February 2025

The Indian state has tried to project an image of data sovereignty, seeing data in terms of a national asset that needs to be protected against the data colonialism of Western Big Tech through various policy documents and rhetoric. In this paper, I have tried to analyse this claim and tried to unravel how it sees data and defines data colonialism, unravelling the role which the Indian private sector plays in supporting that vision. I have then compared it with the work of decolonial scholars who have critically examined the impact of Big Data from the lens of data colonialism to argue how it fails to challenge the epistemological basis of data colonialism even as it projects to fight it.
The UK’s Midata and Open Banking programmes
Authors: Brown Ian
Published: February 2025

This article examines how self-regulatory and then competition authority-imposed requirements for data portability (Midata) then interoperability (Open Banking) in the UK’s retail banking markets were used to increase competition and create better-functioning, more innovative and diverse markets for personal accounts and small business banking, and related services. These requirements went further than the EU’s second payment services directive, including a co-regulatory obligation for the nine largest retail and small business banks to agree a common technical interface (API) and standards for security, user experience, and other areas identified as important to customers, overseen by a trustee appointed by the Competition & Markets Authority. This case study explores how these requirements evolved from ineffective portability requirements to in-depth interoperability obligations, which have enabled hundreds of firms to create a thriving UK “fintech” market of complementary financial services, although so far having less impact on direct competition with incumbent banks.
The theory of ‘Regulation By Design’
Authors: Prifti Kostina
Published: February 2025

Two notable trends emerge in the theoretical treatment of regulation by design (RBD). Essentialists treat RBD as the product of policy enactments on the part of public bodies. Functionalists cast regulation as an overarching practice that subsumes design, which they relegate to the status of a mere instrument. The essentialist view neglects the complexity of regulatory environments, while the functionalist one neglects the complexity of regulatory practices. This article reconceptualises the relationship between design and regulation so as to account for the multifaceted nature of the latter without neglecting the autonomy of the former. Diverging from both the essentialist view of regulation as a set of rules and the functionalist view of regulation as a practice, the article advances a pragmatist view of regulation as a rule-making activity, that is, regulativity, which is performed through social practices. Thus, RBD is redefined as the regulative activity of design.
Towards Secure and Intelligent Regulatory Technology (Regtech):
Authors: Broby Daniel , Daly Angela , Legg David
Published: February 2025

We present a research agenda for secure and intelligent regulatory technology (’regtech’). This encompasses an overview of the conceptual, theoretical, and practical challenges that arise when using digital technologies to comply with regulatory regimes. Intelligent regtech ‘solutions’ are often tailor-made to achieve better oversight and compliance outcomes. Such tools can make regulation and compliance easier and more efficient. Their use poses security challenges in respect of data, cybersecurity, and the consumer. Regtech also raises competition and antitrust issues, as well as commercial and operational ones. We explore these by a targeted review of the literature. In doing this, we deliver new insights and highlight considerations for scholars. We articulate the concepts requiring further investigation. Our contribution is in defining regtech and establishing an interdisciplinary roadmap for further scholarly study.
The Many Shades of Impact Assessments
Authors: Dewitte Pierre
Published: February 2025

Data protection by design is one of the cornerstones of the reform that led to the adoption of the GDPR. Yet, the very nature of that obligation, coupled with the broad wording used by the EU legislator, makes substantiating data protection by design particularly complex. This paper is the second part a two-paper series that explores the intricacies of Article 25(1) GDPR. While the first entry delved into the history and role of data protection by design, this paper aims to clarify the material scope of that provision. It does so by analysing the three core components of Article 25(1) GDPR in light of the findings of a case law review spanning 177 administrative and judicial decisions issued by 26 supervisory authorities in 24 countries between the entry into force of the GDPR and 31 December 2023. That process exposed the role of data protection by design as a proxy to Fundamental Rights Impact Assessments and shed light on its added value in guaranteeing the flexibility and future-proofness of the Regulation.
General Principles of Code
Authors: Purtova Nadya , Huyskes Diletta
Published: February 2025

The General Data Protection Regulation has been seen as an omnibus law which potentially addresses all Internet-related problems. Yet, concerns have been raised about the broad scope of the GDPR that might be overreaching its capacity. Calls have been made to create a scalable and more targeted system of legal protection against digital wrongs. General principles governing the design and use of software should be at the foundation of such a scalable system. While automation via code is often an aspect of existing societal problems, software affordances amplify non-technology-specific problems in a unique way.
CONTENT NOT AVAILABLE
Authors: Leiser M.R. , Harbinja Edina
Published: February 2025

This article critiques key proposals of the United Kingdom’s “Online Harms” White Paper; in particular, the proposal for new digital regulator and the imposition of a “duty of care” on platforms. While acknowledging that a duty of care, backed up by sanctions works well in some environments, we argue is not appropriate for policing the White Paper’s identified harms as it could result in the blocking of legal, subjectively harmful content. Furthermore, the proposed regulator lacks the necessary independence and could be subjected to political interference. We conclude that the imposition of a duty of care will result in an unacceptable chilling effect on free expression, resulting in a draconian regulatory environment for platforms, with users’ digital rights adversely affected.
Analisis Pendapatan dan Kelayakan Pengembangan Usaha Tani Cap Tikus Kecamatan Motoling
Authors: Brigita Sengkey  , Een N. Walewangko  , Agnes L. Ch. P. Lapian
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze the income and feasibility of rat stamp farming in Motoling District. Based on data obtained from 35 respondents, the average monthly revenue from the rat stamp business reached Rp.176,600,000, with an average total production cost of Rp.43,575,000. After calculating the cost of labor and raw materials, an average net income of Rp.2,755,000 per farmer per month was obtained. The business feasibility analysis using the R/C ratio method showed a value of 4.05, which indicates that every Rp.1 spent is able to generate revenue of Rp.4.05. With an R/C ratio of more than 1, rat cap farming in Motoling District is considered feasible and profitable to run. The results of this study recommend several development strategies, including increasing production efficiency, diversifying products, and strengthening marketing networks. In addition, it is recommended to establish a cooperative to support the collectivity of farmers in the purchase of raw materials and product marketing. Through the implementation of this strategy, it is hoped that the rat stamp farming business can improve the welfare of local farmers and have the potential for further development.
RNA-Binding Proteins: Biological Mechanisms and Their Impact on Osteoporosis Development
Authors: Lin Lizhu , Xu Peijun , Mo Yanzhen , Tan Runxian , Li Dongtao
Published: February 2025

Osteoporosis is a common bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and increased fracture risk, largely driven by imbalances in osteoblast and osteoclast activity. Recent studies highlight the critical role of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in the regulation of bone metabolism, specifically in osteoblast and osteoclast function. These proteins have also been implicated in other bone diseases, suggesting a broader influence on skeletal health. This review explores the molecular mechanisms through which RBPs impact bone cells, discusses their potential as therapeutic targets in osteoporosis, and outlines future research directions and challenges in harnessing RBPs for clinical applications.
Estrellita and the possibility of nature-based animal rights
Authors: Bernet Kempers Eva
Published: February 2025

In its judgement of 23 January 2022, the Constitutional Court of Ecuador concluded that individual animals are subjects of rights under the constitutional provision that recognises the rights of nature. Building upon a number of earlier cases in which rivers and mangroves had been recognised as rights-holders, it set out a framework for how animal rights should be understood in the Ecuadorian context. Through its conceptualization of the rights of animals as a dimension of nature’s rights, it bridged the tensions between the more systemic approach to environmental protection on the one hand, and the more individualist approach of animal law on the other hand. This article will discuss the Estrellita judgement, taking it as a starting point to investigate the possibility of ‘nature-based animal rights’ as an alternative to the common understanding of animal rights as being grounded in the properties of individual beings. This investigation will then lead to a proposal for systemically integrating animal rights within the broader normative framework of rights of nature, reconciling the tensions between the ecosystem and the individual.
Some legal reflections on the fate of JJ4, the Italian brown bear that killed a jogger, and the EU Habitats Directive: Donaldson and Kymlicka’s wild animal sovereignty theory put to the test?
Authors: Schoukens Hendrik
Published: February 2025

This article uses the tragic death of Andrea Papi, the first person in the modern history of Italy to be killed by a brown bear, as a case-study to analyse to what extent EU nature protection law is aligned with the wild animal sovereignty theory of Sue Donaldson and Will Kymlicka. Based on the recent decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) regarding human-carnivore coexistence, this article argues that large carnivores, such as brown bears, appear to be increasingly treated by the Habitats Directive as ‘sovereign’ wild animals, with certain inviolable rights. Whereas recent case-law of the CJEU acknowledges that wild animals are to be treated as sentient beings, the Court also increasingly underscored the importance of the restoration of the brown bear’s main habitats on the European continent. In doing so, the recent decisions of the Court seem to move away from the so-called stewardship-model by urging Member States to guarantee the long-term flourishing of sovereign communities of brown bears.
Faglig fordybelse i åbne og transparente fysiske studiemiljøer
Authors: Nielsen Kristine
Published: February 2025

Nye campusbyggerier er ofte præget af åbne og transparente fysiske studiemiljøer, der fremmer fællesskabet. Men hvordan oplever de studerende muligheder for faglig fordybelse i disse åbne studiemiljøer? Dette spørgsmål er omdrejningspunktet for denne artikel. Teoretisk kombinerer artiklen Hauges teori om faglig fordybelse med Schmidts begreb om det ambiente. Spørgsmålet undersøges gennem en kvalitativ analyse af walk and talk-interviews med studerende fra Campus Aarhus C, VIA University College. Undersøgelsen viser, at studerende har forskellige behov for ambiente stimuli afhængigt af deres faglig fordybelsesaktiviteter, og at valget af studiested formes af disse behov. De åbne og transparente studiemiljøer tilbyder forskellige varierende ambienter, der for nogle studerende opleves som stimulerende for faglig fordybelsesaktiviteter, mens andre finder dem distraherende og forstyrrende. Derudover identificeres udfordringer relateret til studerendes rutiner for valg af studiested og tidsbegrænsninger i forhold til at finde passende studiemiljøer, hvilket kan medføre en oplevelse af mangel på egnede studiepladser.
Dissecting study groups
Authors: Lerche Møller Anders , Smith Emil , Musaeus Peter
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the dynamics of study groups among second-semester medical students enrolled in a gross anatomy course at Aarhus University, Denmark, during the autumn of 2018. Study groups served as organising units that had beneficial motivational, learning, and social effects. They provided accountability, academic support, and progress monitoring. Shared beliefs within these groups, influenced by near-peers, shaped the social norms for studying. The study suggests enhancing the effectiveness of study groups by targeting these beliefs through formal education of social role models, such as student teachers. Recognising the limitations of homogenous groups, the paper advocates for diverse peer groups to develop teamwork and higher order thinking skills. These findings underscore the importance of considering both academic and psychological aspects of group dynamics to improve student wellbeing and academic performance.
Automation bias og læring
Authors: Christensen Ove
Published: February 2025

Artiklen præsenterer tre nyudgivne bøger om generativ kunstig intelligens (GenAI) i uddannelseskontekst. Bowen og Watsons Teaching with AI fokuserer på, hvordan undervisere kan integrere GenAI i deres praksis for at styrke studerendes læring, med særligt fokus på at designe meningsfulde studieaktiviteter der går ud over det gennemsnitlige niveau. Dobrins AI and Writing undersøger samspillet mellem menneske og maskine i akademisk skrivning, hvor GenAI kan bruges som støtteværktøj samtidig med at den akademiske integritet bevares. Furzes Practical AI Strategies giver både en grundlæggende forståelse af teknologien og konkrete strategier til anvendelse i uddannelse, mens han også rejser kritiske perspektiver omkring etik og bedømmelsessystemer. Fælles for værkerne er deres praktiske tilgang til at integrere GenAI i uddannelse på en måde, der understøtter menneskelig læring og udvikling frem for at erstatte dem.
Fanzines for a local celebration of the World Stroke Day 2023.
Authors: Amor Eugenia García , Peñarroja Laura Pérez , Feliu Elia Dolz , Soria Sonia Medina , Rangel Alejandro Bustamante , Molleda Mercedes , de Bofarull Clara Larrañaga , Pina Belén Flores , Gisbert Jaime Carbonell , de la Ossa Natalia Pérez
Published: February 2025

Stroke is a neurological deficit attributed to an acute focal injury of the central nervious system, due to an arterial occlusion (ischemic stroke) or an arterial rupture (hemorrhagic stroke) (Institut Català de la Salut de Barcelona Generalitat de Catalunya, 2022). It provokes the loss of function in the brain areas affected. It is one of the most common neurological acquired diseases, being the first cause of disability in the world (Sociedad Española de Neurología, 2020). A large majority of strokes can be prevented through lifestyle changes, so primary prevention education of the population is essential. Regarding the secondary prevention (after an event happens), it differs depending on the subtype of stroke but preventing cardiovascular disorders with actions such as avoiding sedentarism, taking care of our diet, and quitting toxic habits are common points in the etiology of acquired neurological vascular disease (Pla Director de la Malaltia Vascular Cerebral, 2022). 
Beyond oral counseling, paper flyers are commonly used in consultation to give health advice to patients and to the general population. Graphic Medicine makes possible the use of visual formats to teach healthy habits to people. An example of a visual medium are fanzines, a “do it yourself” possibility to spread your health messages and to explore visual possibilities of communication. 
This fanzine aims to frame the changes in a patient's life after suffering from stroke and how to prevent new events and complications. It is directed towards patients, family, and general population concern.
EFFECTIVENESS OF RISK MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA’S MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES
Authors: Isiaq Olaiya Kehinde , Olowofela Enitan Olowofela Olusola Enitan , Ariyibi Mayowa Ebenezer
Published: February 2025

This study seeks to examine the effectiveness of enterprise risk management (ERM) implementation in the Nigerian manufacturing sector. The objective of this study is to analyze the risks faced by manufacturing firms in Nigeria and to recommend actions to address and reduce anticipated hazards. This research used both inferential and descriptive statistics to examine the effectiveness of ERM application in Nigeria’s manufacturing sector. The data for this study were collected from the financial statements of manufacturing firms and other relevant publications by manufacturing firms in Nigeria from 2016 to 2020. The study found that ERM has a positive relationship with financial performance indicators such as return on investment, dividend, earnings per share, market capitalization, price earnings ratio, and dividend per share. The study recommends that manufacturing companies in Nigeria should implement ERM as an ongoing activity to improve their risk management practices, enhance their effectiveness, and ensure their long-term sustainability. This study contributes to the literature on ERM implementation in the Nigerian manufacturing sector and provides valuable insights for policymakers, regulators, and business managers.
ENTERPRENEURIAL INNOVATIVENESS AS A FACTOR OF SUCCESS ENTERPRENEURIAL BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
Authors: Ognjanović Jasmina , Mitrović Aleksandra , Milašinović Marko
Published: February 2025

Innovativeness is a key entrepreneurial orientation needed to successfully develop products and services to face continuous change and uncertainty. Entrepreneurial innovativeness can, to some extent, improve the ability of the entrepreneur to identify and develop opportunities, which will significantly improve their business performance. Therefore, it is necessary to determine how much and what the contribution of entrepreneurial innovation is to two types of business performance - financial performance and innovation performance. The research was conducted on the example of 40 entrepreneurs in central Serbia who introduced at least one kind of innovation in their business. The paper aims to identify the contribution of entrepreneurial innovativeness to entrepreneurial business performance in central Serbia. To test the hypotheses, regression analysis was applied. The results indicate a positive contribution of entrepreneurial innovativeness to financial performance and innovation performance. Results also indicate the need for additional improvement of the innovative activities of the observed entrepreneurs.
ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE CHARACTER AND WORK OF IVANA BRLIĆ MAŽURANIĆ IN THE FUNCTION OF DEVELOPMENT OF COMPETITIVE CULTURAL AND TOURIST PRODUCTS OF THE TOURIST AREA “SLAVONSKI BROD - POSAVINA”
Authors: Lončarić Biljana , Stanić Milan , Vretenar Cobović Maja
Published: February 2025

Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić is the brand of the tourist area “Slavonski Brod-Posavina”, and her name and work are a frequent motive for the arrival of tourists, and the key distinguishing element on the basis of which this destination can differentiate itself from the competition. Analyzing the results of a large number of primary research conducted by the Zagreb Institute for Tourism during the preparation of marketing plans for the tourism development, as well as trends on the global tourism market, it was found out that the name and work of this Croatian writer could be the starting point for more intensive development of various forms of cultural tourism, including heritage, literary tourism, event and creative tourism. The aim of this paper is to determine which of these forms of tourism should the most be invested in, and which of the mentioned tourist products could bring the greatest economic benefits. As part of this, after analyzing the existing situation, the primary research, using the survey method, was carried out, in order to determine the attitudes of tourists and local residents regarding the perspective of particular cultural-tourism products based on Ivana’s name and work. The results of the research showed that the views of the respondents regarding the perspective of certain cultural products are fairly evenly distributed, and therefore each of these products is to a lesser or greater extent in the function of the arrival/longer stay of visitors in the destination. The conclusion drown from there was that cultural tourism needs to be developed in different directions and within each policy area, various activities should be implemented to intensify the arrival of tourists motivated by culture; improve the conditions of their stay, as well as achieve economic benefits on the part of the holders of cultural and tourist activities.
DEVELOPMENTAL OPORTUNITIES FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF TOURISM IN BANJA SLATINA
Authors: Milinković Saša , Sredojević Vanja
Published: February 2025

This paper aims to point out the possibilities of tourism development and the current position of Banja Slatina on the tourist market, pointing out the exceptional tourist position and variety of tourist opportunities. Also, the goal is to point out various highly attractive opportunities, which can attract tourist demand, and the need to appreciate them in their complexity and the complexity of relationships and phenomena that arise during tourist movements. The analysis of tourist resources determined the benefits and comparative advantages, as well as the weaknesses and disadvantages of Banja Slatina as a tourist destination, presented by SWOT and portfolio analysis. For the purposes of the research, a survey was conducted among the resident population regarding the favorable environment, information and interest of household owners in rural tourism. In doing so, the method of description and analysis was used, and for the purposes of comparing survey results from 2003 and 2014, the method of comparison was used. The research results indicate that, regardless of the passage of time of 11 years, there is still a moderate level of interest of the Slatina population in providing this type of tourist service.
APPLICATION OF MODERN METHODOLOGIES IN IMPROVING BUSINESS EXCELLENCE AND PROCESSES OF BUSINESS ENTITIES
Authors: Miličević Mirko
Published: February 2025

Domestic companies must take care of product quality, because in addition to not being able to operate on the foreign market, they will soon not be able to operate on the domestic market either if they do not adhere to quality standards and at the same time improve their own registered business activities. The ultimate goal of quality improvement is to achieve business excellence, and excellence satisfies the end user. In order for companies to operate successfully, it is necessary to continuously improve and transform their business processes, from which companies can create certain smaller accumulations that are significant for new developments in increasing the level of quality of products or services. Companies also have the opportunity to make different and new business decisions during their operations, which can result in positive changes that will create significant breakthroughs in the company in question, and which will reduce future costs and improve their competitiveness on the market. Realizing that the state of errors or scraps of products, or services, arise as a result of “business blindness”, which is caused by the application of wrong or badly evaluated business processes at the micro or macro level, every company sooner or later comes to the realization that there is a need to make additional changes until achieving the highest possible correctness of the quality of products or services. By applying new methodologies for the purpose of improving the processes of business entities, the hypothesis of this paper is defined, which reads: “Companies that apply international standards do not achieve business excellence, because they do not apply models for assessing the maturity of business and for improving the level of maturity of business processes.”
MAKING UNCERTAIN BUSINESS DECISIONS IN THE BANKING SECTOR
Authors: Jovičić Željana , Pešić Mirko
Published: February 2025

The time in which we live today imposes new business rules that must be followed in order to survive in the market. Therefore, the essence of today’s management in all sectors, including banking, is flexibility. Clients who use the bank’s services have the following key products at their disposal: loans, guarantees and deposits. The subject of analysis in this paper will be the approval of loans to business users. Analyzing business users, banks analyze the entire spectrum of different financial indicators. This information, in the form of quantitative and qualitative data, is the basis for assessing the creditworthiness of the client in order to minimize credit risk. Based on the analysis of financial indicators and overall operations of a legal entity, a detailed report on solvency, liquidity, profitability, activities, repayment capacity of a particular client can be obtained. The main goal of the research is to show the analysis process that happens in the background when approving a loan to a business user. The paper will present banking risks as well as the types of financial indicators on the basis of which business decisions are made. On the basis of the case study method, it will be shown how and in what way banks approach the process of approving loans to business persons, which methods they use to protect themselves and to prevent the emergence of banking risk. The results of the research point to the need to use financial indicators during the loan approval process, because in this way banking risk is prevented, and subjective assessment methods cannot meet such a demanding task.