bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of TiN/HfO2/Pt memristor I–V curve for different conductive filament thickness
Authors: Aleshin Andrey N. , Zenchenko Nikolay V. , Ruban Oleg A.
Published: November 2021

The operation of the TiN/HfO2/Pt bipolar memristor has been simulated by the finite elements method using the Maxwell steady state equations as a mathematical basis. The simulation provided knowledge of the effect of conductive filament thickness on the shape of the I–V curve. The conductive filament has been considered as the highly conductive Hf ion enriched HfOx phase (x < 2) whose structure is similar to a Magneli phase. In this work a mechanism has been developed describing the formation, growth and dissolution of the HfOx phase in bipolar mode of memristor operation which provides for oxygen vacancy flux control. The conductive filament has a cylindrical shape with the radius varying within 5–10 nm. An increase in the thickness of the conductive filament leads to an increase in the area of the hysteresis loop of the I–V curve due to an increase in the energy output during memristor operation. A model has been developed which allows quantitative calculations and hence can be used for the design of bipolar memristors and assessment of memristor heat loss during operation.
Business et santé infantile mondiale. La stratégie médicale de Nestlé au sein des réseaux pédiatriques et humanitaires transnationaux
Authors: Wilhelm Lola
Published: November 2021

Très peu de recherches historiques ont été consacrées à la participation des entreprises aux politiques de santé mondiale. S’appuyant sur le cas emblématique de Nestlé, cet article explore comment, de l’entre-deux-guerres aux années 1950, la firme s’impose comme actrice de l’élaboration des connaissances scientifiques, des pratiques médicales, et des politiques publiques en matière de santé et de nutrition infantiles.
Integral presentations of the solution of a boundary value problem for impulsive fractional integro-differential equations with Riemann-Liouville derivatives
Authors: Agarwal Ravi ,   Department of Mathematics, Texas A & M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA, Hristova Snezhana , O'Regan Donal ,   Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Plovdiv University, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria,   School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
Published: November 2021

Riemann-Liouville fractional differential equations with impulses are useful in modeling the dynamics of many real world problems. It is very important that there are good and consistent theoretical proofs and meaningful results for appropriate problems. In this paper we consider a boundary value problem for integro-differential equations with Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative of orders from $ (1, 2) $. We consider both interpretations in the literature on the presence of impulses in fractional differential equations: With fixed lower limit of the fractional derivative at the initial time point and with lower limits changeable at each impulsive time point. In both cases we set up in an appropriate way impulsive conditions which are dependent on the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative. We establish integral presentations of the solutions in both cases and we note that these presentations are useful for furure studies of existence, stability and other qualitative properties of the solutions.
EWM-based design method for distortional buckling of cold-formed thin-walled lipped channel sections with holes
Authors: Yao Xingyou ,   School of Civil Engineering and architecture, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330000, China
Published: November 2021

The distortional buckling is easy to occur for the cold-formed steel (CFS) lipped channel sections with holes. There is no design provision about effective width method (EWM) to predict the distortional buckling strength of CFS lipped channel sections with holes in China. His aim of this paper is to present an proposal of effective width method for the distortional buckling strength of CFS lipped channel sections with holes based on theoretical and numerical analysis on the partially stiffened element and CFS lipped channel section with holes. Firstly, the prediction methods for the distortional buckling stress and distortional buckling coefficients of CFS lipped channel sections with holes were developed based on the energy method and simplified rotation restrained stiffness. The accuracy of the proposed method for distortional buckling stress was verified by using the finite element method. Then the modified EWM was proposed to calculate the distortional buckling strength and the capacity of the interaction buckling of CFS lipped channel sections with holes based on the proposal of distortional buckling coefficient. Finally, comparisons on ultimate capacities of CFS lipped channel sections with holes of the calculated results by using the modified effective width method with 347 experimental results and 1598 numerical results indicated that the proposed EWM is reasonable and has a high accuracy and reliability for predicting the ultimate capacities of CFS lipped channel section with holes. Meanwhile, the predictions by the North America specification are slightly unconservative.
Normal form for lower dimensional elliptic tori in Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Caracciolo Chiara ,   Department of Mathematics "F. Enriques", Milano University, via Saldini 50, 20133 - Milano, Italy
Published: November 2021

We give a proof of the convergence of an algorithm for the construction of lower dimensional elliptic tori in nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems. The existence of such invariant tori is proved by leading the Hamiltonian to a suitable normal form. In particular, we adapt the procedure described in a previous work by Giorgilli and co-workers, where the construction was made so as to be used in the context of the planetary problem. We extend the proof of the convergence to the cases in which the two sets of frequencies, describing the motion along the torus and the transverse oscillations, have the same order of magnitude.
Efficacy of mud plus bath therapy as compared to bath therapy in osteoarthritis of hands and knees: a pilot single-blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Benini C. , Rubino G. , Paolazzi G. , Adami G. , Caimmi C. , Viapiana O. , Gatti D. , Rossini M.
Published: November 2021

The primary objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of mud plus bath therapy in comparison to bath therapy alone in hand and knee osteoarthritis (HOA and KOA). We conducted a single-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT). Patients were randomly assigned to either mud plus bath therapy (group 1) or balneotherapy (group 2). The primary outcome was a change in AUSCAN questionnaire for HOA and in WOMAC for KOA at month 12. Evaluations were performed at baseline (B), immediately after the interventions (week 2, W2) and after 3 (M3), 6 (M6), 9 (M9) and 12 (M12) months. 37 patients with KOA and 52 with HOA were randomized in the study. In HOA patients, AUSCAN pain improved more in group 1 compared to group 2 at M3, M6 and M12 (p<0.001, p=0.001 and p=0.038, respectively). AUSCAN stiffness improved more in group 1 at M3 (p=0.001). AUSCAN function improved more at M3, M6, M9 and M12 (p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.014 and p=0.018, respectively). Regarding, KOA, WOMAC function decreased more prominently in group 1 compared to group 2 at M9 (p=0.007). The absolute values of WOMAC function at M6 and M9 were lower in group 1 compared to group 2 (p=0.029 and p=0.001, respectively). WOMAC pain absolute values were lower in group 1 at W2 (p=0.044) and at M9 (p=0.08). We conducted a RCT on the efficacy of mud plus balneotherapy over balneotherapy alone in HOA and KOA. We found that mud plus balneotherapy was more effective than balneotherapy alone on clinical outcomes of HOA. Differences in clinical outcomes of KOA were not significant, yet numerically higher.
A systematic literature review of existing tools used to assess medication adherence in connective tissue diseases: the state of the art for the future development of co-designed measurement tools
Authors: Pirri S. , Talarico R. , Marinello D. , Turchetti G. , Mosca M.
Published: November 2021

Lack of medication adherence is frequent in chronic connective tissue diseases and is associated with poorer health outcomes, low quality of life and economic loss. This research is based on a systematic literature search and aims to identify the surveys and tools used for the assessment of medication adherence in patients with connective tissue diseases (CTDs) and in particular the tools co-designed with patients. A systematic literature review was performed in PubMed and Embase databases searching for studies concerning the application of surveys or tools designed for medication adherence assessment. A specific analysis was also performed to identify which of these existing tools were developed in co-design with patients affected by CTDs. 1958 references were identified, and 31 studies were finally included. Systemic lupus erythematosus was the most investigated disease, followed by the Behçet’s disease. The tools used to assess adherence in CTDs were, in most cases, valid and useful. However, the results showed a certain degree of heterogeneity among the studies and the medication adherence assessment and measurement tools adopted, which were mostly based on selfreported questionnaire. No co-designed tools with patients were found. Low- and non-adherence were explored in some CTDs with valid and useful tools, while other CTDs still need to be assessed. Therefore, more efforts should be made to better understand the specific reasons for the low- and non-adherence in CTDs patients.
An ancient, yet current, experience of deficient architecture: the case of Doge
Authors: Pérez Negrete A. , Punzi L.
Published: November 2021

Not available.
Obesity, Diabetes, and Increased Cancer Progression
Authors: Kim Dae-Seok , Scherer Philipp E.
Published: November 2021

Rates of obesity and diabetes have increased significantly over the past decades and the prevalence is expected to continue to rise further in the coming years. Many observations suggest that obesity and diabetes are associated with an increased risk of developing several types of cancers, including liver, pancreatic, endometrial, colorectal, and post-menopausal breast cancer. The path towards developing obesity and diabetes is affected by multiple factors, including adipokines, inflammatory cytokines, growth hormones, insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia. The metabolic abnormalities associated with changes in the levels of these factors in obesity and diabetes have the potential to significantly contribute to the development and progression of cancer through the regulation of distinct signaling pathways. Here, we highlight the cellular and molecular pathways that constitute the links between obesity, diabetes, cancer risk and mortality. This includes a description of the existing evidence supporting the obesity-driven morphological and functional alternations of cancer cells and adipocytes through complex interactions within the tumor microenvironment.
Current Advances of Artificial Pancreas Systems: A Comprehensive Review of the Clinical Evidence
Authors: Moon Sun Joon , Jung Inha , Park Cheol-Young
Published: November 2021

Since Banting and Best isolated insulin in the 1920s, dramatic progress has been made in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, dose titration and timely injection to maintain optimal glycemic control are often challenging for T1DM patients and their families because they require frequent blood glucose checks. In recent years, technological advances in insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitoring systems have created paradigm shifts in T1DM care that are being extended to develop artificial pancreas systems (APSs). Numerous studies that demonstrate the superiority of glycemic control offered by APSs over those offered by conventional treatment are still being published, and rapid commercialization and use in actual practice have already begun. Given this rapid development, keeping up with the latest knowledge in an organized way is confusing for both patients and medical staff. Herein, we explore the history, clinical evidence, and current state of APSs, focusing on various development groups and the commercialization status. We also discuss APS development in groups outside the usual T1DM patients and the administration of adjunct agents, such as amylin analogues, in APSs.
Efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines
Authors: Li Yifan , Lu Jiahai
Published: November 2021

To prevent and control COVID-19, COVID-19 vaccines are being developed, tested, and approved at an unprecedented rate. As of September 24, 2021, 22 types of COVID-19 vaccines have been approved for conditional marketing or emergency use by at least one country worldwide. Vaccine efficacy/effectiveness is a crucial concern for vaccination. This article provides an overview of efficacy of phase III clinical trials, vaccination, effectiveness of real-world studies as well as challenges of COVID-19 vaccine.
Emergency Management of Cyanotic Spell in a Covid-19 Suspect Tetralogy of Fallot Child
Authors: Magoon Rohan , Shri Iti , Kohli Jasvinder Kaur , Kashav Ramesh Chand
Published: November 2021

The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is suggested to increase the risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with underlying cardiac and pulmonary disorders. Reports of COVID-19-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, past experiences with influenza virus and the respiratory syncytial virus, and British Congenital Cardiac Association recommendation on congenital heart disease warrant caution even in children. We present a case of a 2-year-old child with tetralogy of Fallot, who got admitted in the emergency with cyanotic spell and fever (suspected to be due to COVID-19), potentially compounding the challenge of managing cyanotic spell emergency.
Post-Spinal Backache after Cesarean Section
Authors: Aryasa Tjahya , Pradhana Adinda Putra , Ryalino Christopher , Hartawan I Gusti Agung Gede Utara
Published: November 2021

The most frequent patients’ complaints of spinal anesthesia are post-spinal headache and post-spinal backache. As many as 13.4% of the patients have backache as the major reason for refusing spinal anesthesia. This systematic review was conducted using keywords: “post spinal backache,” “post spinal backpain,” “caesarean section,” “caesarean delivery,” and “obstetric,” which were combined using Boolean operator “OR” and “AND.” The time filter was set from 2000 until 2020. We included six studies that included a total of 2721 subjects who underwent elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia, of which 675 subjects or about 24% of them experienced backache. Many factors were thought to be responsible for the incidence of post-spinal backache. Trauma due to needle injection, hematoma, and excessive stretching of ligaments until infection which leads to abscess are possibly being the main causes of post-spinal backache. There are several efforts that can be made to reduce the risk of post-spinal backache, such as using a small needle without an introducer, performing spinal anesthesia with a paramedian approach, and reducing the number of attempts.
Challenges in Management of Severe COVID-19 in a Post Renal Transplant Patient Co-Infected with Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Rajamahanthi Yashwanth Patnaik , Singh Guriqbal
Published: November 2021

Post-renal transplant patients are at higher risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection due to suppressed immune system, underlying co-morbidities and antimetabolites used to prevent graft rejection. Cytomegalovirus infection causes memory inflation and further alters the clinical outcome. We report a case of severe COVID-19 in a post-renal transplant patient co-infected with cytomegalovirus and challenges in its management. The use of conventional protocol for treatment is a matter of concern in view of the complex clinical profile in them. Thus, it requires a multidisciplinary approach and individualization of the therapy to attain a fine balance between risk of graft rejection and complications of overimmunosuppression especially during cytokine storm. This brings us to explore other treatment modalities like cytosorb and plasmapheresis to prevent systemic inflammation in body while also targeting the cytomegalovirus infection.
An artificial intelligence-based radiomics model for differential diagnosis between coronavirus disease 2019 and other viral pneumonias
Authors: Zhang Mudan , Li Wuchao , Yin Xuntao , Zeng Xianchun , Liu Xinfeng , Zhang Xiaochun , Chen Qi , Huang Chencui , Zhou Zhen , Wang Rongpin
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE:

To set up a differential diagnosis radiomics model to identify coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other viral pneumonias based on an artificial intelligence (AI) approach that utilizes computed tomography (CT) images.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This retrospective multi-center research involved 225 patients with COVID-19 and 265 patients with other viral pneumonias. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm was used for the optimized features selection from 1218 radiomics features. Finally, a logistic regression (LR) classifier was applied to construct different diagnosis models. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was applied to evaluate the accuracy of different models.

RESULTS:

The patients were divided into a training set (313 of 392, 80%), an internal test set (79 of 392, 20%) and an external test set (n = 98). Thirteen features were selected to build the machine learning-based CT radiomics models. LR classifiers performed well in the training set (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.91), internal test set (AUC = 0.94), and external test set (AUC = 0.91). Delong tests suggested there was no significant difference between training and the two test sets (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

The use of an AI-based radiomics model enables rapid discrimination of patients with COVID-19 from other viral infections, which can aid better surveillance and control during a pneumonia outbreak.
Kernels for noncommutative projective schemes
Authors: Ballard Matthew , Farman Blake
Published: November 2021

We give a noncommutative geometric description of the internal Hom dg-category in the homotopy category of dg-categories between two noncommutative projective schemes in the style of Artin–Zhang. As an immediate application, we give a noncommutative projective derived Morita statement along the lines of Rickard and Orlov.
Rhinology in review: from COVID-19 to biologicals
Authors: Fokkens W.J. , Landis B.N. , Hopkins C. , Reitsma S. , Sedaghat A.R.
Published: November 2021

We look back at the end of what soon will be seen as an historic year, from COVID-19 to real-world introduction of biologicals influencing the life of our patients. This review describes the important findings in Rhinology over the past year. A large body of evidence now demonstrates loss of sense of smell to be one of the most common symptoms of COVID-19 infection; a meta-analysis of 3563 patients found the mean prevalence of self-reported loss to be 47%. A number of studies have now shown long-term reduced loss of smell and parosmia. Given the high numbers of people affected by COVID-19, even with the best reported recovery rates, a significant number worldwide will be left with severe olfactory dysfunction. The most prevalent causes for olfactory dysfunction, besides COVID-19 and upper respiratory tract infections in general, are trauma and CRSwNP. For these CRSwNP patients a bright future seems to be starting with the development of treatment with biologics. This year the Nobel prize in Medicine 2021 was awarded jointly to David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch which has greatly enhanced our understanding of nasal hyperreactivity and understanding of intranasal trigeminal function. Finally, a new definition of chronic rhinitis has been proposed in the last year and we have seen many papers emphasizing the importance of endotyping patients in chronic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis in order to optimise treatment effect.
Веса точных пороговых функций
Authors: Babai Laszlo , Hansen Kristoffer Arnsfelt , Podolskii Vladimir Vladimirovich , Sun Xiaoming
Published: November 2021

Мы рассматриваем точные пороговые булевы функции, задаваемые линейными уравнениями, и, в более общем виде, многочленами степени $d$. Мы доказываем верхние и нижние оценки на величину (абсолютное значение) коэффициентов, необходимых для реализации таких функций. Эти оценки очень близки друг к другу. В частности, в линейном случае они почти совпадают. Рассматриваемая величина совпадает с максимальной величиной целых коэффициентов линейного уравнения, необходимой для задания любого возможного пересечения гиперплоскости в $\mathbb R^n$ с булевым кубом $\{0,1\}^n$ и, в общем случае, пересечения гиперповерхности степени $d$ в $\mathbb R^n$ и булевого куба $\{0,1\}^n$. В процессе доказательства мы строим новое семейство плохо обусловленных матриц. Мы также рассматриваем вариант задачи (в линейном случае) с дополнительным параметром размерности $k$ аффинного подпространства, порождаемого решениями, и доказываем верхние и нижние оценки также и в этом случае. Эти оценки в терминах $k$ имеют существенный зазор, что составляет предмет дальнейших исследований.
Библиография: 33 наименования.
Recherche comparée du corpus lexical des résidents de langue maternelle hongroise dans deux régions différents
Authors: Zoltán Miklós Molnár
Published: November 2021

A Szombathely, ville de Hongrie occidentale à la chaire de linguistique hongroise de l'École Normale Supérieure "Berzsenyi Dániel", on fait des recherches de géographie linguistique et sociolinguistiques depuis 1973 sous la conduite de Géza Szabó (Szabó, G. 1976). Moi, je me suis associé à ces recherches en 1978. Avant, jusqu' à 1984, j'ai  étudié l'usage de langue des normaliens  de Szombathely, done   des étudiants provenant en grande partie de Transdanubie Occidentale (Molnár 1980). Pendant ce temps, je me suis appliqué à connaître le plus minutieusement possible le terrain dialectal en question (Molnár 1990). En meme temps j' ai eu la possibilité de me faire une idée sur l'usage de langue des Hongrois vivant dans les pays voisins, surtout des Hongrois de Slovénie entre 1988 et 1993 en qualité de lecteur à Maribor  (Molnár 1986, 1991).
Beiträge zur rumänische Sprache im 19. Jahrhundert, Akten des Kolloquiums, Regensburg 26.- 28. April 1990. Herausgegeben von Gerhard Ernst, Peter Stein und Barbara Weber, Niemeyer, Tübingen 1992
Authors: Skubic Mitja
Published: November 2021

Culegerea de conferinţe prezentate în cadrul colocviului referitor la limba româna din sec. al XIX-lea, organizat in luna aprilie a anului 1990 de catre Facultatea de filosofie a Universitatii din Regensburg, mai exact de catre Departamentul de limbi şi literaturi romanice din cadrul acestei facultaţi, prezinta contribuţiile ştiinţifice ale unei întregi serii de cercetatori ai limbii române din România, respectiv din Germania (neunificata la acea ora). Se remarca participarea lingviştilor români care îşi desfaşoara activitatea în strainatate. Culegerea cuprinde 31 de comunicari, publicate într-una dintre cele trei limbi utilizate în cadrul colocviului şi anume: în româna (9),  germana (18) ori franceza (4); fiecare comunicare este însoţita de un scurt rezumat în celelalte doua limbi. Editorii au decis ca în partea introductiva sa fie publicat indicele comun al publicaţiilor şi al lucrarilor - în special dicţionare - citate, la care se refera autorii contribuţiilor antologate.
La linguistique naturaliste en France (1867-1922), Nature, origine et évolution du langage, Piet Desmet; Monographie publiée par le Centre international de dialectologie générale (Louvain); Peeters, Leuven-Paris, 1996, XI+633 pp.
Authors: Pogačnik Vladimir
Published: November 2021

Cette vaste étude de 633 pages (dont 555 sont destinées au texte proprement dit, 83 aux donnees bibliographiques, précieuses surtout pour les sources primaires, et 12 aux index respectifs des noms et des choses), la thèse de doctorat d'un disciple des professeurs Swiggers et Melis; publiee dans une collection et par une maison d' édition · prestigieuses, inspire confiance au lecteur, de prime abord, non pas grâce au prestige extérieur, mais par ses évidentes clarté et lisibilité ainsi que par son riche contenu documentaire. C' est un fait indéniable, egalement, que le  courant  naturaliste en linguistique française, comprenant une période de 55 ans à cheval sur les deux siècles, n'a jamais été étudié d'une manière aussi minutieuse et exhaustive: la contribution de Piet Desmet représente sans aucun doute, un apport courageux et précieux pour l'historiographie de la linguistique.
Zur Produktion und Rezeption des Cartoons in "Zeitmagazin"
Authors: Čuden Darko
Published: November 2021

n diesem Beitrag wird versucht, die Gesetzmässigkeiten der Textsorte Cartoon, wie er in "Zeitmagazin" vorkommt, zu beschreiben und ihre Bedeutung für die Textrezeption zu erklären. Im ersten Teil wird kurz auf die Textsorte Cartoon als Gegenstand des vorliegenden Beitrags eingegangen, im zweiten wird die Rolle des Textproduzenten bei der Textkonstitution und die des Rezipienten beim Textverstehen berührt.
Polylinguale Intertextualität und Konstituierung von Kultursprachen
Authors: Warnke Ingo
Published: November 2021

Die Auseinandersetzung mit Textsorten oder textuellen Mustern als Relata der interkulturellen Kommunikation entbehrt wie viele textlinguistische Theoriebildungen und Konzeptionen schnell der historischen Tiefenschärfe, insofern allein gegenwartsbezogene Aspekte grenzüberschreitender Kommunikation zum erkenntnisleitenden Interesse erhoben werden. Fraglos ergeben sich gerade bei solcher Ausblendung der Gewordenheit von Textmustern, ihrer kulturellen Determiniertheit über große sprachgeschichtliche Perioden hinweg, wichtige aktuelle Einsichten. Nicht zuletzt leisten textgesttitzte Untersuchungen mit kontrastiver Methode zur Gegenwartskommunikation in verschiedenen Kulturen linguistische Argumente a forteriori gegen stereotype Dequalifizierungen des Fremden und begegnen wirkungsvoll den Vorurteilen zur vermeintlich bewertbaren Kulturspezifik sprachlichen Verhaltens. In jüngster Zeit darf dabei die These, textuelle Muster seien als sprachliche Handlungsschemata weit weniger kultur- als vielmehr domänenbedingt, als besonders gewichtig beurteilt werden. Kann es also nicht um einen Zweifel am Wert synchron-gegenwärtiger Erörterungen und Analysen zum Textbezug  der interkulturellen Kommunikation gehen, so beantworten solche Arbeiten doch nicht die sich aufdrängenden Fragen nach dem terminus post quem jeweiliger sprachkultureller Sachverhalte. Konsistente Erklärungen zum status quo der Textsorten in der interkulturellen Kommunikation benötigen folglich Bestimmungen des status quo ante. Wir präferieiren also keineswegs eine Historie als kostbaren Erkenntnisüberfluss, gegen die sich bereits F. Nietzsche (1873) entschieden wandte, sondern eine geschichtliche Fokussierung der in diesem Sammelband behandelten Thematik zwecks Vollständigkeit der sachgemäßen Perspektiven. Die sprachgeschichtliche Betrachtung soll dabei auf eine grundlegende Problematik im Zusammenhang der Verbindung von Textsorten und interkultureller Kommunikation beschränkt werden,  auf den Konnex von Textmusterkonstituierung und interkultureller bzw. polylingualer Kommunikation.
Zur diskursiven und modalen Funktion der Partikeln aber, auch, doch und ja in instruktionsdialogen
Authors: Diewald Gabriele , Fischer Kerstin
Published: November 2021

Im folgenden geht es um zwei Funktionsbereiche der Partikeln aber,  auch, doch und ja, die gemeinhin der Pragmatik zugerechnet werden. Zurn einen werden wir die diskursive Funktion, also die verschiedenen Aufgaben dieser Partikeln bei der Organisation und Strukturierung des Gesprächsablaufs, untersuchen. Die Strukturierungseigenschaften der Diskurspartikeln betreffen die  Argumentsteuerung und den Dialogablauf, ebenso wie die Regulation der Beziehungsebene zwischen den Kommunikationspartnem und die Organisation der Rede. Zum anderen geht es um die Funktion dieser Lexeme als Modalpartikeln (auch Abtönungspartikeln genannt, z.B. Burkhart 1994). Diese Funktion definieren wir als Indizierung des pragmatischen Prätextes, d.h. als Verweis auf eine vom Sprecher als relevant vorausgesetzte Proposition, an die durch die partikelhaltige Äußerung angeknüpft und die gleichzeitig modifiziert wird.
Éléments pour une analyse de qui en français non normatif
Authors: Pogačnik Vladimir
Published: November 2021

Cette réflexion se donne pour but de considérer de près une confusion pouvant apparaître dans l'analyse d'un mot français qui a une double fonction dans les usages non normatifs: 1° qui - l'une des variantes de la particule relative en fonction de sujet: Ex.: - çui (=celui) qui viendra / çui qu' est venu 2° qui - forme contractée de la conjonction que et des indices pronominaux  il ou ils, prononcés /i/ devant consonne, et qui commute avec qu'il ou qu'iz Ex.: - çui que tu as dit qui viendra I çui que tu as dit qu 'il arrivera - ceux que tu as dit qui viendront I ceux que tu as dit qu 'iz arriverront Dans deux contributions  relativement  récentes,  Claire Blanche-Benveniste   (1990a, l 990b) a procédé à une analyse syntaxique approfondie des relatifs en français actuel impliquant à la fois les usages normatifs (FN) et non normatifs (FNN). On ne peut  qu' approuver une distinction radicale entre un qui pronom à "i" stable et précédé des prépositions(a), et un qui particule à "i" instable, caduc, employé comme sujet dans les propositions  relatives. Cette distinction  nous  semble être parallèle  à celle que fait  Denis Creissels (1994), développant un modèle tesniérien, entre les pronoms personnels d'une part et les indices pronominaux de l'autre
Un importante contributo alla lessicografia italo-slovena: Sergij Šlenc, Véliki italijansko-slovenski slovar - Il grande dizionario italiano-sloveno, redatto da Branko Madžarevič, Državna založba Slovenije, Ljubljana 1997
Authors: Skubic Mitja
Published: November 2021

E' uscito un nuovo dizionario italiano-sloveno. Conviene sottolineare nuovo, non tanto per la data recente, e nemmeno per la rispettabile mole, 1296 pagine, quanto per la ricchezza che il dizionario contiene; vi sono più di 80.000 lemmi. L' autore, noto italianista dell'Università di Lubiana, ha introdotto alla materia abituale di un vocabolario   bilingue molte novita: vi ha incluso   parecchie parole straniere recentemente  entrate  nell'uso  dell'italiano,  ampia è infatti  la parte  di neologismi di varie arti e tecnologie umane; sono rappresentate tutte, o quasi, il cui lessico a poco a poco penetra nel linguaggio quotidiano di un italiano. Non per questo è trascurata la parte della lingua letteraria che, forse, aveva contrassegnato eccessivamente la maggioranza dei vocabolari bilingui. lnoltre, un largo spazio è dedicato alla tradizione popolare. Numerosi sono i detti e i proverbi italiani: se sono preziosi per un etnologo perché nascondono la saggezza, o meglio, l'anima di un popolo, non meno cari e utili sono per chi insegni o apprenda una lingua straniera giacché aiutano non poco ad afferrare il significato di un vocabolo, soprattutto quello traslato.
Analytischer und synthetischer Genitiv im Deutschen - ein diachroner Vergleich
Authors: Lipavic Oštir Alja
Published: November 2021

Die deutsche Sprache gehört zu der Gruppe germanischer Sprachen, die neben dem relativ häufig gebrauchten analytischen Genitiv auch die ältere Form des synthetischen Genitivs beibehalten haben (vgl. das Isländische, Schwedische usw.). Der synthetische Genitiv ist eine attributive Nominalgruppe, in der das Verhältnis zum Bezugsnomen durch Flexionsformen angezeigt wird (daz buoch der wîsheit /Meister Eckhart/), wohingegen mit dem analytischen Genitiv eine attributive Präpositionalgruppe gemeint ist, die die Präposition von  enthält und einen attributiven synthetischen   Genitiv  ersetzen  kann.  Die  Präposition von  hat  eine vergleichbare Funktion wie die oben erwähnte Flexionsform (eine Vielheit von Personen /Matthias Scheeben/). Beide Genitivformen sind sowohl in den ältesten Entwicklungsstufen  des Deutschen wie auch in jüngeren Perioden Konkurrenzformen. Das Thema des vorliegenden Beitrages ist das Verhältnis zwischen dem Gebrauch beider Formen und die Intensität, mit der der analytische Genitiv den synthetischen ersetzt. Es ist ein diachroner Vergleich und beide Genitivformen sind so anhand Belege aus allen sprachgeschichtlichen Perioden der deutschen Sprache untersucht, verglichen und statistisch bearbeitet worden.
Dictonnaire de l'Académie française et la lexicographie institutionnelles européenne - Actes du colloque international - 17, 18 et 19 novembre 1994 (B. Quemada - J. Pruvost (eds.))
Authors: Perko Gregor
Published: November 2021

Depuis les années soixante-dix, le nombre d'études métalexicographiques, c'est-à­ dire d'études abordant différents aspects, tant théoriques que pratiques, de l’élabora­ tion, de l’organisation et de l'histoire des dictionnaires, n'a cessé de croître en France. Parmi les linguistes-lexicographes qui se sont distingués dans ce 'domaine de recher­ che, une place éminente revient sans nul doute à Bernard Quemada. C'est d'ailleurs lui qui a organisé le colloque international «Le Dictionnaire de l 'Académie française et la lexicographie institutionnelle européenne» consacré au tricentenaire de la première édition du Dictionnaire de l'Académiefrançaise (1694), qui s'est déroulé en novembre 1994, sous le parrainage de I'Academie française, du Ministère de la Culture et de la Francophonie et du Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche, et dont un volume substantiel, paru en 1998 chez Honoré Champion, rassemble les exposés. Les contributions et les communications sont ordonnées autour de trois axes: le premier est consacré à la première édition en 1694, le deuxième retrace l'itinéraire qui mène de Ia deuxième édition (1710) à la huitième (1878) alors que le dernier rassemble les com­ munications qui traitent du rapport entre la lexicographie institutionnelle des différents pays européens et le Dictionnaire de l'Académie française (dans la suite: DAF)
Orden de constituyentes y definición en las construcciones locativas con eînai y esse: reconsideración de la hipótesis de la definición / Cocepción Cabrillana, Mercedes Díaz de Cerio
Authors: Diaz de Cerio Mercedes , Cabrillana Concepcion
Published: November 2021

Los factores diferenciales entre una y otra construccioón han sido captados mediante la "Hipótesis de la Definición" (HD)3, que establece que la distinción radica en la interrelación entre orden de constituyentes y estructura prágmatica, la cual se halla condicionada por la definición/indefinición del termino sujeto: el núcleo de la hipótesis establece que los sintagmas nominales definidos preceden a los no-definidos.
Naturalness: the scale formats >sem (+1-A, -A) and >sem (+1-A, +A)
Authors: Orešnik Janez
Published: November 2021

The subject-matter of my paper is a (language-universal) theory developed in Slovenia by a small group of linguists (under my guidance), who mainly use English, German, and Slovenian language material as the base of verification. Our work owes much to, and exploits, the (linguistic) Naturalness Theory as elaborated especially at some Austrian and German universities; cf. Mayerthaler 1981, Wurzel 1984, Dressler et al. 1987, Stolz 1992. Naturalness Theory has also been applied to syntax, notably at the University of Klagenfurt; the basic references are Dotter 1990, Mayerthaler & Fliedl1993, Mayerthaler et al. 1993, 1995, 1998. Within the natural syntax ofthe Kla­ genfurt brand, the Slovenian work group has built an extension, which will henceforth be referred to as "the Slovenian Theory."
Allgemeine tendenzen des vulgärlateinischen wortschatzes (als vortstufe der romanischen sprachen)
Authors: Iliescu Maria
Published: November 2021

Im allgemeinen tendieren die Sprachen zur Einfachheit und Regelmäßigkeit und gleichzeitig auch zur Ökonomie. Mit einem möglichst kleinen Aufwand versucht man mit der Sprache ein Maximum zu erreichen, und möglichst viel Informationen klar auszudrücken und zu verstehen. Die Ökonomie, der "effort minime" bezieht sich sowohl auf den signifiant als auch auf den signifié. Der Erste sollte mühelos auszusprechen sein, der Letztere sollte leicht zu verstehen und zu behalten sein. Gerät dieses Prinzip der Sparsamkeit in Konflikt mit jenem der Klarheit gleicht die Sprache diese Spannung aus. Die Wechselbeziehung zwischen Einsparung und Klarheit ist gewiss eine der wichtigsten inneren Ursachen der Veränderung einer Sprache, doch nicht die einzige. Zwischen Sparsamkeit und Klarheit steht noch ein anderes wichtiges Element: die subjektive Einstellung des Sprechers, mit anderen Worten der pragmatische, situative Kontext der Rede, abhängig von der Vielfalt der sprachlichen Varietäten. Dazu gehört auch die Expressivitat (Hervorhebungen verschiedener Art, Assoziationen, Stilfiguren), die Kreativität mit sich bringt und nicht nur die gesprochene, sondern auch die geschriebene dichterische Sprache (man denke an die poetischen Lizenzen) charakterisiert.
Semantika imenice biće u proznim djelima Željke Čorak
Authors: Tekavčić Pavao
Published: November 2021

Prilog se bavi semantičkim sadržajem navedene imenice u prozi poznate ličnosti suvremene hrvatske kulture, i to u četiri temeljne kategorije (ljudi, životinje, stvari, apstraktni pojmovi), s metaforama, personifikacijama i uvijek prisutnom afektivnošću.
Potentials of compost, compost tea and aqueous neem leaves extract in reducing some diseased plants and boosting onion (Allium cepa L.) production in the field at Gapring-Lara in t he Department of Mayo Kani (Cameroon)
Authors: Alium Habib , Haouvang Christophe Laba , Toukam Steve Takoukam , Ngakou Albert
Published: November 2021

With a view to promoting the onion sector, we studied the behavior of onion following the application in fields of Cow Dung compost, compost tea and the aqueous extract of neem leaves during the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 growing seasons. The device used was a complete randomized block comprising 10 treatments including compost (Cp), compost tea (CpT), Neem extract (Nex), compost + compost tea (Cp+CpT),compost+Neem extract (Cp+Nex), compost tea+Neem extract (CpT+Nex), compost+Compost Tea+NeemExtract (Cp+CpT+Nex), Control (Ctrl), Chemical Pesticide (ChP) and Chemical Fertilizer (ChF) with 3 repetitions each. The work focused on agronomic and phytopathological parameters. The results reveal that Cp+CpT+Nex treatment had a highly significant influence on the germination rate (92.33%) than Ctrl treatment (44%). He was significantly increased the number of leaves, size and yield compared to other treatments with 22.16 leaves, 52 cm and 114.74 t/ha (2018/2019) and 20.83 leaves and 53.84 cm; but yield was higher by ChF with 47.49 t/ha (2019/2020). Nex, Cp+Nex and CpT+Nex treatments reduced attack of Delia antiqua compared to control. And significant reduction in number of plants attacked by onion mildew was observed in Cp+CpT+Nex treatment. In view of the results obtained, organics fertilizers can be used in onion production.
Technological and socio-economic study of akandji, a neglected traditional foodstuff made from corn (Zea mays L.) in Benin
Authors: Tchekessi Célestin C.K. , Choucounou Ornella I. , Matha Da Raymond , Gandeho G. Justin , Sachi S.A. Pivot , Banon S. Jultesse , Bleoussi T. M. Roseline , Djogbe Anayce , Assogba T. Karl , Bokossa Yaou P. Innocent
Published: November 2021

Foodcrafts, active in Benin, offer a variety of products including akandji. It is a traditional bread made of corn consumed in South Benin. This work aimed to achieving a technological and socio-economic study related to akandji production and marketing activities in Benin. To do this, the methodology adopted was to conduct a pre-survey and a survey in the form of semi-structured interviews based on a questionnaire in the communes of Abomey, Bohicon and Ouidah (Pahou). After that, production monitoring was carried out with the three oldest akandji producers. The results showed that the production and sale of akandji were secular, exclusively female activities practised by women from Fon socio-cultural and sociolinguistic group. The profit per kg received by akandji producers in Abomey (266 XOF) was similar to that received by akandji producers in Pahou (256 XOF). The daily receipts for weekends and holidays were higher than those for working days in the survey localities. Furthermore, the results of the technological study showed that akandji manufacturing process in Abomey differs from that of Pahou. This process in Abomey involved the malting operation unlike that of Pahou. Fermentation times (12h), cooking times (1h) and production times (6 days) in Abomey exceeded fermentation times (1h30min), cooking times (45min) and production times (6h) in Pahou. In contrast, the fermentation (27oC) and cooking (100 oC) temperatures of akandji at Abomey were lower than those of fermentation (31oC) and cooking (178oC) in Pahou. The production of akandji is a profitable activity that strengthens the social status of the producer and ensures important socio-community functions by providing an appropriate local food for traditional rites and festivals and maintains sales markets firmly rooted in society.
Caractérisation de l’élevage porcin au Bénin
Authors: Tassou Abdou Wassiou , Attindéhou Sabbas , Salifou Sahidou
Published: November 2021

L’agriculture béninoise subit depuis 2016 une mutation structurelle qui favorise la levée des contraintes notamment celles financières. Alors que le sous-secteur des productions végétales en tire déjà un grand profit affichant des performances record, l’élevage peine encore à faire sa révolution. La présente étude a pour objectif de faire la typologie de l’élevage porcin au Bénin et d’élaborer un plan de relance de la filière. Une revue de la littérature sur l’élevage porcin et une enquête typologique auprès de 308 éleveurs de porcs ont été réalisées d’Octobre 2019 à Février 2020. Les résultats ont montré que le porc, notamment celui de la race locale, est élevé dans toutes les contrées du Bénin, par tous les groupes socioculturels. L’activité parait bien secondaire pour la plupart (91%) des éleveurs qui possèdent de petites unités de moins de vingt animaux dans 83% des cas. Le mode d’élevage en divagation (54,4%) est le plus pratiqué et les risques sanitaires (peste et cysticercose) sont fréquemment évoqués pour expliquer la sous-production. Mais le défaut de technicité, de vocation et de financement semble être le véritable blocage. Une sensibilisation et/ou formation des éleveurs et des jeunes diplômés des écoles agricoles sur les nouvelles opportunités de développement de la filière devrait la dynamiser.

 

English title: Characterization of the pig farming in Benin

Since 2016, Benin agriculture has undergone a structural change which favors the lifting of constraints, particularly financial ones. While the crop production sub-sector is already profiting greatly, showing record performance, livestock are still struggling to revolutionize. The objective of this study is to establish the typology of pig farming in Benin and to develop a revival plan for the sector. A review of the literature on pig breeding and a typological survey of 308 pig farmers were carried out from October 2019 to February 2020. The results showed that the pig, especially that of the local breed, is raised in all the regions of Benin, by all socio-cultural groups. The activity appears to be secondary for most (91%) of breeders who own small units of less than twenty animals in 83% of cases. The method of rearing in straying (54.4%) is the most practiced and health risks (plague and cysticercosis) are frequently mentioned to explain underproduction. But the lack of technicality, vocation and financing seems to be the real blockage. Awareness-raising and / or training of breeders and young graduatesof agricultural schools on new development opportunities in the sector should boost it.
Studies on the effect of Celastrus orbiculatus (Celastraceae) extract on chemosensitivity of liver cancer cells via Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Ding Xiaobo , Song Laijun , Lu Yunfei , Huang Qiting , Jiao Chengming
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To examine the efficacy of Celastrus orbiculatus extract (COE) on the chemosensitivity of liver cancer (LC) cells and its mechanism of action.Methods: Hep G2/ADM cells in the logarithmic growth phase were assigned to a control group (no treatment for cell culture medium only) and a study group (120 μg/ml COE added to the culture medium). After 48 h of incubation, the biological responses were compared. The study group wasdivided into groups A and B, while control group was divided into groups C and D, with 1 μmol/L XAV939 added in groups A and C. Cell proliferation, cell invasion, cell apoptosis rate, and apoptosis protein in the four groups were evaluated.Results: The study group showed significantly lower values in terms of cell proliferation and cell invasiveness (p < 0.05) and a higher apoptotic rate than the control group (p < 0.05)). The study group also demonstrated an elevated pro-apoptotic protein Bax level and a declined anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2  level. In contrast to group B, the proliferation and invasiveness of Hep G2/ADM cells in group A treated with the inhibitor, XAV939, were significantly lower (p < 0.05), while the apoptotic rate exhibited a significant increase (p < 0.05). There was a rise in the level of pro-apoptotic protein, Bax, and a fall in the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 level in group A. Lower levels of β-catenin, c-Myc, and cyclin D1 protein were observed in the study group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Compared with other groups, the multiplication capacity and invasiveness of cells in group A treated with COE and inhibitor XAV939 significantly declined, while the apoptotic rate increased (p < 0.05).Conclusion: COE reverses drug resistance in chemotherapy by inhibiting the expression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in LC cells. Therefore, COE has potentials for use along with chemotherapeutic agents in the management of liver cancer.
Resveratrol ameliorates necrotizing enterocolitis in neonatal rats through regulation of inflammatory and apoptotic pathways
Authors: Hu Xiaodong , Chen Tao , Xiao He , Liu Wang , Xie Tingbing , Zheng Lihe , Wang Dan , Ruan Qi
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of resveratrol in mitigating necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonatal rats.Methods: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) was induced in neonatal rats using hypoxia and hypothermia. At the completion of treatment, the intestinal tissues of the rats were isolated for evaluation of various biochemical parameters.Results: There was significant increase in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) and oxidative stress markers (MDA, xanthine oxidase and nitric oxide) in intestinal tissues of NEC rats (p < 0.05). However, resveratrol treatment led to significant decrease in the levels of cytokines and oxidative stress parameters, relative to the NEC group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Western blotting resultsshowed up-regulation in protein expressions of inflammatory cytokines in NEC rats. However, the protein expressions of inflammatory cytokines were down-regulated in the NEC rats on treatment with resveratrol. Moreover, resveratrol reversed the NEC-induced up-regulations of Bax and caspase-3, as well as NEC-mediated down-regulation of Bcl-2.Conclusion: These results demonstrate that resveratrol mitigates NEC-induced intestinal damage in neonatal rats via anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and antioxidant mechanisms of action. Therefore, resveratrol is a potential therapeutic agent for NEC.