bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence of Petroleum Products I. Three-Dimensional Fluorescence Plots of Motor Oils and Lubricants
Authors: Siegel JA , Fisher J , Gilna C , Spadafora A , Krupp D
Published: August 2015

The technique of three-dimensional fluorescence is employed in the analysis of unused motor oils and selected machine lubricants. This technique provides much more spectral information than is available from conventional forms of fluorescence spectroscopy. A method for direct comparison of three-dimensional plots to determine if a common source exists is also presented.
Positive Identification of Torn Burned Matches with Emphasis on Crosscut and Torn Fiber Comparisons
Authors: Dixon KC
Published: August 2015

Torn paper match examinations are one of the important types of examinations made by the Document Section of the FBI Laboratory and are probably some of the least heard about and least publicized examinations made by this laboratory. These examinations have often been extremely important and conclusive, particularly in investigations involving arson on both federal and nonfederal properties, espionage, burglary and breaking and entering, as well as in at least one prison escape case.

This paper will delineate the basic conditions of identifying torn burned matches with a matchbook, and in particular a method whereby positive identifications can be effected entirely by what will be referred to as crosscut and torn fiber comparisons. It will describe two elements of comparison that, to the author's knowledge, have not been previously used in torn match identifications. These elements require high magnification examinations of crosscut and torn fibers and foreign bodies embedded in the paper matrix, called inclusions, which, when properly interpreted, will allow positive identifications where other elements of comparison are inconclusive. This method in theory is basically a simple side-by-side comparison procedure, as are most all other crime laboratory comparisons. However, in practice, it is a very painstaking, time-consuming, and difficult comparison method, requiring extreme caution.
Comparison of Methods for Estimating Range of Fire Based on the Spread of Buckshot Patterns
Authors: Wray JL , McNeil JE , Rowe WF
Published: August 2015

Three methods of measuring the spread of shotgun pellet patterns for the purpose of estimating the range of fire were applied to a series of 72 00 buckshot patterns test-fired at distances ranging from 3.6 to 10.7 m (12 to 35 ft). The methods applied were (1) the “effective shot dispersion” method of Mattoo and Nabar, (2) a method in which the area of the smallest circumscribed rectangle that will just enclose the pellet pattern is calculated, and (3) an overlay method for determining the radius of the smallest circumscribed circle that will just enclose the pellet pattern. Regression analysis was applied to the resulting measurements of the spread of the pellet patterns. The “effective shot dispersion” was found to give the best fit to a linear function and the best range-of-fire estimates. The area of the pellet patterns was found to be a quadratic function of the range of fire; this measure of pellet pattern spread was also found to have very large shot-to-shot variations. The square root of the area of the pellet pattern was found to be a linear function of the range and to give acceptable range-of-fire estimates.
Excerpts and Comments on Testimony by Document Examiners in Regard to State of New Jersey v. Bruno Richard Hauptmann
Authors: Osborn PA
Published: August 2015

Eight questioned document examiners from different parts of the country conducted individual studies and comparisons of questioned writing and printing on fourteen anonymous ransom notes with known specimens of writing by the defendant Bruno Richard Hauptmann. Testimony was given at the Lindbergh kidnapping trial, held in Flemington, NJ in 1935, identifying the notes as having been written by the same person and that that person was the defendant. No other case in the history of the country had produced so many individuals who testified on the identification of handwriting. The international publicity of the trial and the importance of the identification of the ransom notes also made this case one of the milestones in the history of forensic document examination. This paper describes certain highlights of the testimony rendered by the eight document examiners. Without delving into the evidence itself, it illustrates and compares the procedures, methods, and terminology of the different witnesses on both direct and cross-examination. It shows the high degree of skill and preparedness by well-qualified document examiners and should be an inspiration to experienced practitioners as well as an education to students in the field of questioned documents today.
The Impact of a Change in Commitment Procedures on the Character of Involuntary Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Levinson RM , Briggs RP , Ratner CH
Published: August 2015

The statutory requirements for involuntary civil psychiatric confinement have become increasingly restrictive. In the jurisdiction under investigation, patients were originally admitted under an Order to Apprehend (OTA) procedure simply on the petition of two affiants who indicated the patient was in need of care. A newly elected judge instituted changes requiring affiants to claim the subject was “dangerous” to self or others and asking for a clinical assessment and recommendation before signing the petitioned request for involuntary confinement. It might be expected that the more restrictive procedures would have produced a population of more assaultive patients. A study of petitions signed under in the earlier (N = 133) and later, more restrictive (N = 218) procedures indicated that the proportion of assaultive or dangerous patients was virtually identical. Further investigation, using hospital data an OTA patients from this area in both time periods, suggested that while patients were not more assaultive, they appeared to be more seriously ill or psychiatrically impaired. Apparently, movement to a dangerousness standard that allows clinical discretion in interpreting its presence may result in involuntary commitments for more seriously ill, although not necessarily more assaultive, patients.
Metropolitan Forensic Anthropology Team (MFAT) Case Studies in Identification: 2. Identification of a Vietnamese Trophy Skull
Authors: Taylor JV , Roh L , Goldman AD
Published: August 2015

A Vietnamese trophy skull, apparently a victim of the Vietnam war, was recently received for analysis in a New York State homicide case. The skull, which is well preserved except for the missing mandible and maxillary dentition, is compared to trophy skulls of Japanese military personnel, also brought back to the United States by American soldiers following wartime duty in Asia.
The Occurrence of Trace Evidence in One Examiner's Casework
Authors: Petraco N
Published: August 2015

This study reviews the occurrence of trace evidence in routine casework from 1977 through 1983. Four primary categories of trace evidence are described. Each item of trace evidence was placed into one of the four primary categories. The occurrence of each category was evaluated for six different crime classifications over a period of seven years. The diversity of the trace evidence encountered, and the locations from which it was obtained, was also examined and evaluated.
The Analysis of Soil Samples by Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Using Wavelength Ratioing
Authors: Siegel JA , Precord C
Published: August 2015

The technique of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is investigated for the forensic analysis of soils. Unlike in previous works on this subject, the method of detection of the peaks is modified to include detection at two different wavelengths in the ultraviolet and the ratio of the absorption intensities is determined and displayed. The results show that the chromatograms of all of the soil samples studied differ from each other quantitatively but not all can be differentiated qualitatively. It is concluded that this method of analysis is an excellent presumptive test but has not been proven to be individualizing. To increase the probative value of the test, another method of separation and perhaps detection must be chosen.
Analysis of Explosives by Liquid Chromatography-Negative Ion Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Parker CE , Voyksner RD , Tondeur Y , Henion JD , Harvan DJ , Hass JR , Yinon J
Published: August 2015

On-line high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-negative ion chemical ionization (NCI) mass spectrometry has been used for the analysis of explosives mixtures. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) interface used was a commercial direct liquid introduction interface allowing about 1% of the solvent/sample effluent into the ion source. The HPLC mobile phases were acetronitrile/water (50:50) and methanol/water (50:50), which served also as NCI reagent gases. Standard mixtures containing 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), cyclonite (RDX), tetryl, and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), and a military explosive, tetrytol, have been analyzed by the LC/MS system. The minimum detectable amount of TNT was 100 ng injected on column, or approximately 1 ng to the ion source.
Remission From Behavioral Dysregulation in a Child With PTSD After Receiving Procedural Ketamine
Authors: Donoghue Anna C. , Roback Mark G. , Cullen Kathryn R.
Published: August 2015

Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate–type glutamate receptor antagonist, has long been used for anesthesia and has recently been investigated for its rapid antidepressant effects in adults with treatment-resistant depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We report a case of a child with PTSD and episodes of severe aggression and emotional dysregulation that were refractory to multiple medical and behavioral interventions. This child demonstrated sustained (8–13 days) remission from these symptoms when exposed to ketamine in the context of 2 procedures. We review the sparse literature on the uses of ketamine for behavioral purposes in children. This case suggests that ketamine should be further explored as a potential treatment option for children with severe refractory behavioral aggression.
Costs of Venous Thromboembolism, Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection, and Pressure Ulcer
Authors: Goudie Anthony , Dynan Linda , Brady Patrick W. , Fieldston Evan , Brilli Richard J. , Walsh Kathleen E.
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE:

To estimate differences in the length of stay (LOS) and costs for comparable pediatric patients with and without venous thromboembolism (VTE), catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), and pressure ulcer (PU).

METHODS:

We identified at-risk children 1 to 17 years old with inpatient discharges in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. We used a high dimensional propensity score matching method to adjust for case-mix at the patient level then estimated differences in the LOS and costs for comparable pediatric patients with and without VTE, CAUTI, and PU.

RESULTS:

Incidence rates were 32 (VTE), 130 (CAUTI), and 3 (PU) per 10 000 at-risk patient discharges. Patients with VTE had an increased 8.1 inpatient days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.9 to 12.3) and excess average costs of $27 686 (95% CI: $11 137 to $44 235) compared with matched controls. Patients with CAUTI had an increased 2.4 inpatient days (95% CI: 1.2 to 3.6) and excess average costs of $7200 (95% CI: $2224 to $12 176). No statistical differences were found between patients with and without PU.

CONCLUSIONS:

The significantly extended LOS highlights the substantial morbidity associated with these potentially preventable events. Hospitals seeking to develop programs targeting VTE and CAUTI should consider the improved turnover of beds made available by each event prevented.
Uma luz ao longe
Authors: Pontes P.
Published: August 2015

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Elegia
Authors: Guimarães Valmiki Villela
Published: August 2015

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Fatos fundamentais com sabor a Barroco
Authors: Galéry Eunice Dutra
Published: August 2015

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O inexplicável
Authors: Galéry Eunice Dutra
Published: August 2015

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Os sentidos - Olfato
Authors: Medeiros Sérgio Coelho de
Published: August 2015

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Conceito
Authors: Oliveira Maria Esther Maciel de
Published: August 2015

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Pampulha
Authors: Claver Ronald
Published: August 2015

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Sem Título
Authors: Braga Rita De Cássia Espeschite
Published: August 2015

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A morte da rosa
Authors: Cunha Filho José Mariano Da
Published: August 2015

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Eu, meus poemas e o amor
Authors: Carvalhais Júnior Adair
Published: August 2015

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Brincadeira
Authors: Reis Carlos Alberto Marques dos
Published: August 2015

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Cantata
Authors: Coelho Lauro Augusto Machado
Published: August 2015

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Retrato em branco e preto
Authors: Moreira Terezinha Taborda
Published: August 2015

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Sem titulo II
Authors: Almeida Denise Costa de
Published: August 2015

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Não Importa o coração
Authors: Claver Ronald
Published: August 2015

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Propostas para uma prática da leitura
Authors: Oliveira Luiz Cláudio Vieira de
Published: August 2015

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Coração 4
Authors: Machado Jovino Rabelo
Published: August 2015

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Família
Authors: Souza Antônio Rodrigues de
Published: August 2015

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A nudez é um anjo
Authors: Santos Luís Alberto Ferreira Brandão
Published: August 2015

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O verão na estufa
Authors: Gomes Duílio
Published: August 2015

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Leitmotiv
Authors: Silva Anísio Viana da
Published: August 2015

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Você
Authors: Carvalho Henrique Milen Vizeu
Published: August 2015

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Conceição
Authors: Gazzinelli Gabriela G.
Published: August 2015

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Eficacia de un Programa de Educación Emocional en Educación Primaria || Effectiveness of an Emotional Intelligence Program in Elementary Education
Authors: Merchán Isabel Mª , Bermejo Mª Luisa , González Juan de Dios
Published: August 2015

El objetivo de este artículo es demostrar los efectos positivos de la implementación de un programa para desarrollar la competencia emocional en alumnos de primer curso de educación primaria. Para ello se ha tomado como población a alumnos de colegios públicos de la ciudad de Badajoz durante el curso 2012-2013, seleccionando una muestra de 78 alumnos de entre 5 y 7 años, divididos en grupo experimental y grupo control. El procedimiento metodológico seguido se centra en un enfoque cualitativo con dos técnicas de recogida de datos: test sociométrico de amistad y una Escala de Inteligencia Emocional. Se ha diseñado e implementado un programa de inteligencia emocional con los alumnos del grupo experimental, midiendo antes y después de la intervención el nivel de competencia emocional y las relaciones sociales del grupo-clase. Del mismo modo, se han tomado mediciones de la competencia emocional y grado de relaciones sociales de los alumnos del grupo control, que no participó de la intervención. Los resultados demuestran que el programa fue eficiente para incrementar la inteligencia emocional de los alumnos que componen el grupo experimental, mejorando con ésta el grado de amistad y las relaciones sociales del grupo-clase.
How Modern was Chinese Modernity?
Authors: Klein Thoralf
Published: August 2015

“Modernity” continues to be a useful historiographical tool, however, it is tension-laden both theoretically and empirically. Conceptually, “modernity” can denote either a quality (“modern-ness”) or a condition referring to a specific period in history. With regard to empirical research, the essay takes a look at the recent history of China, arguing that although there exists a line between what is modern and what is not (between modernity and its Other[s]), this often appears fuzzy when we look at concrete historical manifestations. Two case studies bear this out: The first looks at the possibility of locating a rural modernity, challenging conventional scholarship that has situated the modern almost exclusively in China’s cities. The second case study elucidates the relationship between “Chinese” and “global” modernity, striking a balance between universalistic and pluralistic understandings of modernity. In sum, the essay shows that it is essential to incorporate the paradoxes inherent in the modern condition into the analytical framework.
NANOTECNOLOGIA À LUZ DA ÉTICA E DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS / NANOTECHNOLOGY UNDER THE ETHICS AND THE HUMAN RIGHTS
Authors: Dos Santos Queila Rocha Carmona , Da Silveira Vladmir Oliveira
Published: August 2015

O tema desta pesquisa é a nanotecnologia, delimitando-se o estudo nas possíveis consequências do seu desenvolvimento sem limites à luz dos direitos humanos. Objetiva-se destacar os riscos (nano)tecnológicos a partir do ponto de vista da proteção dos direitos humanos e de uma possível nova era de direitos baseada na ética como valor para concretizar a dignidade da pessoa humana. Optou-se pela pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com o método dedutivo, via de regra, e indutivo em algumas reflexões. A necessidade de proteção da dignidade da pessoa humana ressurge na pós-modernidade, sob nova roupagem, em razão dos riscos que se vinculam às novas tecnologias. Por conseguinte, o valor da ética, somado aos princípios de direitos humanos fundamentais, apresenta-se como uma alternativa viável para enfrentar os desafios propostos pela nanotecnologia, pois desse valor decorrem outros e, também, princípios com potencial de conduzir o desenvolvimento a um patamar de segurança e sustentabilidade.Palavras-chave: Nanotecnologia. Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos. Dignidade da Pessoa Humana. Ética.
A Low-Power and Portable Biomedical Device for Respiratory Monitoring with a Stable Power Source
Authors: Yang Jiachen , Chen Bobo , Zhou Jianxiong , Lv Zhihan
Published: August 2015

Continuous respiratory monitoring is an important tool for clinical monitoring. Associated with the development of biomedical technology, it has become more and more important, especially in the measuring of gas flow and CO2 concentration, which can reflect the status of the patient. In this paper, a new type of biomedical device is presented, which uses low-power sensors with a piezoresistive silicon differential pressure sensor to measure gas flow and with a pyroelectric sensor to measure CO2 concentration simultaneously. For the portability of the biomedical device, the sensors and low-power measurement circuits are integrated together, and the airway tube also needs to be miniaturized. Circuits are designed to ensure the stability of the power source and to filter out the existing noise. Modulation technology is used to eliminate the fluctuations at the trough of the waveform of the CO2 concentration signal. Statistical analysis with the coefficient of variation was performed to find out the optimal driving voltage of the pressure transducer. Through targeted experiments, the biomedical device showed a high accuracy, with a measuring precision of 0.23 mmHg, and it worked continuously and stably, thus realizing the real-time monitoring of the status of patients.
Result Clauses
Authors: Meier Cécile
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
A Finer Look at the Causative-Inchoative Alternation
Authors: Piñón Christopher
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Probabilistic Model-theoretic Semantics for 'want'
Authors: Levinson Dmitry
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
A Modal Account of the English Present Perfect Puzzle
Authors: Katz Graham
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
How "many" Maximizes in the Balkan Sprachbund
Authors: Rett Jessica
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Scalar Implicatures with Alternative Semantics
Authors: Keshet Ezra
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Antonymy and Evaluativity
Authors: Rett Jessica
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Presupposition Projection: the New Debate
Authors: Schlenker Philippe
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Unconditional concealed questions and Heim's ambiguity
Authors: Frana Ilaria , Rawlins Kyle
Published: August 2015

In this paper, we investigate Concealed Questions (CQs) in the context of headed unconditionals. We observe that although CQs are licensed in unconditionals, the distribution of readings involved in Heim’s Ambiguity (Heim 1979) does not match that found in attitude contexts. Furthermore, the distribution of readings varies by verb class (epistemic vs. communication verbs). We propose that unconditional concealed questions involve questions derived from the denotation of the DP via a specially devised type-shifter, and show how this can block the unwanted readings in exactly the right cases. Heim’s ambiguity, we suggest, is not a unitary phenomenon, and a hybrid concept/question-based account is necessary to derive the right readings in the right contexts.
Front matter
Authors: Chereches Anca
Published: August 2015

Proceedings of the 22nd Semantics and Linguistic Theory Conference, held at the University of Chicago in Chicago, Illinois, May 18 - May 20, 2012.
Modality, Weights, and Inconsistent Premise Sets
Authors: Silk Alex
Published: August 2015

This paper investigates two types of data that appear to motivate complicating the semantics for weak necessity modals. I argue that these data can be captured using the same conceptual resources within a conservative extension of the standard quantificational semantics. The resulting analysis illuminates previously puzzling and underappreciated semantic and pragmatic properties of weak and strong necessity modals, and clarifies the special role that expressions of weak necessity play in conversation, deliberation, and planning.
Nandao-Questions as a Special Kind of Rhetorical Questions
Authors: Xu Beibei
Published: August 2015

This paper addresses the syntax and semantics of a special kind of Rhetorical Questions (RQs) in Mandarin, i.e. questions with nandao (nandao-Q). Nandao-Qs necessarily have rhetorical question readings. To derive this, I propose that nandao is a WH-word which takes a question denoting a single proposition and turns it into a set with the complement proposition. This analysis differs significantly from earlier proposals for deriving RQ meanings as asserting the negation of the proposition denoted by its IP (cf. Sadock 1979, Han 2002, a.o.). The degenerate question nature of nandao-Q can explain why nandao-Q unlike Ordinary Questions (OQs) cannot be embedded under [+wh] selecting words like wen and zhidao.
Not a light negation
Authors: Zeijlstra Hedde
Published: August 2015

In languages like Dutch and German, certain instances of negation, such as negated indefinites, are ruled out in out-of-the-blue contexts, i.e. with the unmarked reading where negation outscopes an unfocused indefinite (*Er kann nicht eine Fremdsprache ('He speaks not a foreign language')). Such instances are, however, fine in NPI licensing contexts. Schwarz (2004) and Bhatt & Schwarz (2006) argue that in such cases the negative marker is not a plain negation, but rather a homophonous marker of light negation, which they take to be an NPI. In this paper I argue, though, that this phenomenon can be explained by adopting standard pragmatic assumptions. In short, I argue that such instances of negation are bad due to the existence of some alternative expression that only conveys the unmarked reading (in this example an expression containing a negative indefinite: er kann keine Fremdsparache (‘he speaks no foreign language’)). Uttering a less simple construction, such as the example above with the negated indefinite, will give rise to an implicature that states that the speaker does not intend such utterances with their unmarked readings, since the unmarked reading could have been conveyed in a simpler manner. This implicature, then, is suppressed in NPI licensing contexts.
Counterfactuals and Conditional Questions under Discussion
Authors: Ippolito Michela
Published: August 2015

In this paper I investigate the issue of the context-dependence of counterfactual conditionals and how the context constrains similarity in selecting the right set of worlds necessary in order to arrive at their correct truth-conditions. I will review previous proposals and conclude that the puzzle of how we measure similarity and thus resolve the context-dependence of counterfactuals remains unsolved. I will then consider an alternative based on the idea of discourse structure and the concept of a question under discussion.
Inherent and coerced gradability across categories: manipulating pragmatic halos with sorta
Authors: Anderson Curt
Published: August 2015

In this paper I provide an analysis of the English hedges sorta and kinda, which show a cross-categorial distribution and can induce gradability with non- gradable predicates. I analyze sorta and kinda as degree words and provide a formal analysis of their behavior. With gradable predicates, these behavior similar to other degree words such as very, but with non-gradable predicates, a mismatch of logical type forces the predicate to typeshift to a gradable type, making available a degree argument that represents imprecision. The analysis is developed using Morzycki’s (2011) implementation of Lasersohnian pragmatic halos (Lasersohn 1999), and presents a case study in how gradability may be coerced from non- gradable expressions.
Manufactured and inherent pejorativity
Authors: Beller Charley
Published: August 2015

In this paper I develop a semantics for pejorative nouns like jerk. As part of this I articulate a typology of [+human] nouns in English, with a primary distinction made between pejorative nouns like jerk and neutral nouns like doctor. The analysis formalizes three observations about pejorative nouns: (i) They are based on generalizations of observable behavioral properties, (ii) they express subjective evaluations, and (iii) these evaluations are gradable. I show that when features (i) and (ii) are provided by the context, neutral nouns like doctor can receive pejorative interpretations. I also argue that pejorative nouns contribute to the semantics as fully at-issue elements contra Potts (2007).
Coreference and Contextually Restricted Quantification
Authors: Groenendijk Jeroen , Stokhof Martin , Veltman Frank
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Licensing "any" in Non-Negative / Non-Modal Contexts
Authors: Dayal Veneeta
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
The SLP / ILP Distinction in 'have'-Predication
Authors: Schafer Robin
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
I-Level Predicates that Allow Existential Readings for Bare Plurals
Authors: Glasbey Sheila
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Stakeholder Engagement: Some Empirical Evidence from a Sample of European Banks
Authors: Birindelli Giuliana , Intonti Mariantonietta , Bilancia Massimo , Torre Maura La , Malorni Martina
Published: August 2015

Our paper aims to analyse the practice of Stakeholder Engagement (SE) in the banking sector and to investigate if SE affects European bank profitability. To identify how banks engage stakeholders we developed a model for calculating an original "SE rating", that comes from four research areas: "Disclosure", "Stakeholders engaged", "Instruments of engagement", and "Management of the SE process". We then provided empirical evidence about the relationship between bank performance and SE rating through a panel analysis. Our evidence shows that commitment to SE should be increased significantly by focusing on organisation and management issues, and - to a lesser extent - on disclosure towards the market. Finally, our econometric study shows that relationship between SE rating and bank performance is not statistically significant, most likely due to the recent approach of banks to SE practice.
Magnetron Sputtering Deposition of Ag/TiO2 Nanocomposite Thin Films for Repeatable and Multicolor Photochromic Applications on Flexible Substrates
Authors: Diop Daouda Keïta , Simonot Lionel , Destouches Nathalie , Abadias Grégory , Pailloux Frédéric , Guérin Philippe , Babonneau David
Published: August 2015

It is reported on a reactive magnetron sputtering‐based deposition method to synthesize, at room temperature, photochromic nanocomposite thin films consisting of Ag nanoparticles sandwiched between nanoporous TiO2 layers. The fabrication process is compatible with large‐scale production and functional flexible substrates. It is shown that when TiO2 is deposited in the metallic mode, the formation of Ag metal nanoparticles induces localized surface plasmon resonances in the visible range and therefore the as‐deposited samples are colored. In contrast, when TiO2 is deposited in the compound mode, the trilayer samples are colorless because silver oxidizes during TiO2 deposition. It is demonstrated that the colorless samples can be colored under ultraviolet (UV) laser exposure at 244 nm due to the reduction of oxidized silver and the formation of metallic Ag nanoparticles. Moreover, irradiation at 647 nm wavelength of colored samples (as‐prepared or after UV exposure) gives rise to changes in the particle morphology that strongly modifies the film absorbance and results in a color transition from blue to orange. The choice of the irradiation wavelength allows controlling the color saturation of the sample up to the complete discoloration by using a visible laser at 488 nm. All these photochromic mechanisms are repeatable during cyclic processes.
Mesoscale Characterization of Nanoparticles Distribution Using X‐ray Scattering
Authors: Gommes Cedric J. , Prieto Gonzalo , Zecevic Jovana , Vanhalle Maja , Goderis Bart , de Jong Krijn P. , de Jongh Petra E.
Published: August 2015

The properties of many functional materials depend critically on the spatial distribution of an active phase within a support. In the case of solid catalysts, controlling the spatial distribution of metal (oxide) nanoparticles at the mesoscopic scale offers new strategies to tune their performance and enhance their lifetimes. However, such advanced control requires suitable characterization methods, which are currently scarce. Here, we show how the background in small‐angle X‐ray scattering patterns can be analyzed to quantitatively access the mesoscale distribution of nanoparticles within supports displaying hierarchical porosity. This is illustrated for copper catalysts supported on meso‐ and microporous silica displaying distinctly different metal distributions. Results derived from X‐ray scattering are in excellent agreement with electron tomography. Our strategy opens unprecedented prospects for understanding the properties and to guide the synthesis of a wide array of functional nanomaterials.
London Dispersion in Molecular Chemistry—Reconsidering Steric Effects
Authors: Wagner J. Philipp , Schreiner Peter R.
Published: August 2015

London dispersion, which constitutes the attractive part of the famous van der Waals potential, has long been underappreciated in molecular chemistry as an important element of structural stability, and thus affects chemical reactivity and catalysis. This negligence is due to the common notion that dispersion is weak, which is only true for one pair of interacting atoms. For increasingly larger structures, the overall dispersion contribution grows rapidly and can amount to tens of kcal mol−1. This Review collects and emphasizes the importance of inter‐ and intramolecular dispersion for molecules consisting mostly of first row atoms. The synergy of experiment and theory has now reached a stage where dispersion effects can be examined in fine detail. This forces us to reconsider our perception of steric hindrance and stereoelectronic effects. The quantitation of dispersion energy donors will improve our ability to design sophisticated molecular structures and much better catalysts.
An Indirect Adaptive Fuzzy Control Scheme for a Class of Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Kar Indrani
Published: August 2015

This paper presents an indirect adaptive control scheme, for a class of nonlinear systems in controller canonical form. Owing to the universal approximation property of a Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy model, controller design is simplified by utilizing the T–S fuzzy model representation of a nonlinear system. An adaptation mechanism ensures that the estimator model asymptotically follow the actual T–S fuzzy model and thus removes the need of any a priori identification of the T–S fuzzy model of the system. The overall controller gain is a convex combination of the local linear gains which vary adaptively to ensure the convergence of the tracking error. Preliminary simulation results indicate the potential of the proposed method.
Monomeric and Dimeric 9‐O Anthraquinone and Phenanthryl Derivatives of Cinchona Alkaloids as Chiral Solvating Agents for the NMR Enantiodiscrimination of Chiral Hemiesters
Authors: Uccello Barretta Gloria , Mandoli Alessandro , Balzano Federica , Aiello Federica , De Nicola Beatrice , Del Grande Alessandro
Published: August 2015

Mono‐ and bis‐alkaloid chiral auxiliaries with anthraquinone or phenanthryl cores were probed as chiral solvating agents (CSAs) for the enantiodiscrimination of chiral cyclic hemiesters. The dimeric anthraquinone derivative and the monomeric phenanthryl one showed remarkable efficiency in the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) differentiation of enantiomeric mixtures of hemiesters. An anthraquinone analogous with a single alkaloid unit was remarkably less effective. The conformational prevalence of the chiral auxiliaries were ascertained by NMR. Chirality 27:693–699, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of fecal immunochemical test‐based screening programs on proximal and distal colorectal cancer surgery rates: A natural multiple‐baseline experiment
Authors: Fedeli Ugo , Zorzi Manuel , Urso Emanuele D.L. , Gennaro Nicola , Dei Tos Angelo P. , Saugo Mario
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND

Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs based on the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) were found to reduce overall CRC surgery rates, but to the authors’ knowledge data by subsite are lacking. The objective of the current study was to assess the impact of FIT‐based screening on proximal and distal CRC surgical resection rates.

METHODS

The Veneto region in Italy can be subdivided into 3 areas with staggered introduction of FIT‐based screening programs: early (2002‐2004), intermediate (2005‐2007), and late (2008‐2009) areas. Time series of proximal and distal CRC surgery were investigated in the 3 populations between 2001 and 2012 by Joinpoint regression analysis and segmented Poisson regression models.

RESULTS

The impact of screening was similar in the study populations. Rates of distal CRC surgical resection were stable before screening, increased at the time of screening implementation (rate ratio [RR], 1.25; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.14‐1.37), and thereafter declined by 10% annually (RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.88‐0.92). Rates of proximal CRC surgical resection increased by 4% annually before screening (RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.03‐1.05) but, after a peak at the time of screening initiation, the trend was reversed. The percentage represented by proximal CRC surgery rose from 28% in 2001 to 41% in 2012.

CONCLUSIONS

In this natural multiple‐baseline experiment, consistent findings across each time series demonstrated that FIT‐based screening programs have an impact both on proximal and distal CRC surgery rates. However, underlying preexisting epidemiological trends are leading to a rapidly increasing percentage of proximal CRC. Cancer 2015;121:3982–3989. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Schizophrenia and the influence of male gender
Authors: Remington G , Seeman MV
Published: August 2015

Adolescent boys are the demographic group most likely to receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Before adulthood, boys accumulate more potential brain hazards than girls, and this may predispose them to disordered neurodevelopment during adolescence. Hormonal and immune gender differences that emerge at this time likely play an additional and significant role. Very recently, gender differences can be examined even before the onset of full‐blown illness, in individuals at “clinically high risk.”
Hierarchical Fe3O4 Core–Shell Layered Double Hydroxide Composites as Magnetic Adsorbents for Anionic Dye Removal from Wastewater
Authors: Yan Qianjiang , Zhang Zhang , Zhang Yili , Umar Ahmad , Guo Zhanhu , O'Hare Dermot , Wang Qiang
Published: August 2015

Hierarchical core–shell Fe3O4@Mg3Al–CO3 layered double hydroxide (LDH) as an efficient magnetic adsorbent was prepared and investigated for the adsorption of anionic dye under ambient conditions. The material was thoroughly characterized by a variety of spectroscopic methods, which indicate that it was composed of spherical Fe3O4 (ca. 330 nm) core with a vertically aligned Mg3Al‐CO3 layered double hydroxide shell coating. Calcination of Fe3O4@Mg3Al–CO3 LDH at 400 °C gives a layered double oxide coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@Mg3Al–CO3 CLDH), which is shown to be an efficient magnetic adsorbent for removal of the anionic dye, C.I. Acid Yellow 219 (AY219) from aqueous solution under ambient conditions. The adsorption of AY219 from aqueous solution utilizes the “memory effect” of LDHs by which the calcined LDH can be reconstructed by intercalation of AY219 in water. During the multi‐cycling tests, a stable adsorption capacity of 1024 mg/g was achieved after 3 cycles, which is the highest value among all reported magnetic dye adsorbents. We also demonstrate that the core‐shell structure played a great role for the superior performance of Fe3O4@Mg3Al–CO3 CLDH, as its performance was much better than a control hybrid mixed phase Fe3O4/Mg3Al–CO3 LDH. This research suggests that Fe3O4@Mg3Al–CO3 LDH adsorbent is a promising candidate for the treatment of wastewater contaminated by anionic dyes.
Social representation and social identity in the black sheep effect
Authors: Zouhri Bouchra , Rateau Patrick
Published: August 2015

This study tests a new integration of central core theory with subjective group dynamics theory. Specifically, we hypothesized that the type of opinions shared within a group (central vs. peripheral; i.e. central core theory) can moderate the typical processes of the black sheep effect (i.e. subjective group dynamics theory). Our study focused on students expressing opinions with regard to their social representation ofstudying. We predicted that an in‐group member expressing an opinion against central opinions of the group (but not against peripheral ones) would be judged more negatively than an out‐group member expressing the same opinion. In line with central core theory, the results showed that central opinions, but not peripheral opinions, lead to the typical processes of the black sheep effect. Our findings show that the central elements of a social representation are key to defining the social identity of a group. Future research should thus focus on understanding the socio‐representational nature of cognitions involved in intra‐group and inter‐group relations.
Improving soil moisture accounting and streamflow prediction in SWAT by incorporating a modified time‐dependent Curve Number method
Authors: Rajib Mohammad Adnan , Merwade Venkatesh
Published: August 2015

The objective of this study is to incorporate a time‐dependent Soil Moisture Accounting (SMA) based Curve Number method (SMA_CN) in Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and compare its performance with the existing CN method in SWAT by simulating the hydrology of two agricultural watersheds in Indiana, USA. Results show that fusion of the SMA_CN method causes decrease in runoff volume and increase in profile soil moisture content, associated with larger groundwater contribution to the streamflow. In addition, the higher amount of moisture in the soil profile slightly elevates the actual evapotranspiration. The SMA‐based SWAT configuration consistently produces improved goodness‐of‐fit scores and less uncertain outputs with respect to streamflow during both calibration and validation. The SMA_CN method exhibits a better match with the observed data for all flow regimes, thereby addressing issues related to peak and low flow predictions by SWAT in many past studies. Comparison of the calibrated model outputs with field‐scale soil moisture observations reveals that the SMA overhauling enables SWAT to represent soil moisture condition more accurately, with better response to the incident rainfall dynamics. While the results from the modification of the CN method in SWAT are promising, more studies including watersheds with various physical and climatic settings are needed to validate the proposed approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing the Income Statement With Integrated Advanced Analytics To Truly Maximize Profit … and More: Reimaging the Enterprise Master Plan
Authors: Dybvig Alan
Published: August 2015

The author of this article suggests that an optimized income statement (OIS) is the very embodiment of “advanced analytics and, as such, represents the next generation of financial planning. Further, an OIS assures all the related annual planning application (e.g., Financial Planning and Analysis, Sales and Operations Planning, and Marketing Mix Modeling) are harnessed to the maximally profitable forecast supported by the optimally feasible and sustainable supply chain required for the forecast's fulfillment. Finally, the chief financial officer (CFO) is being increasingly seen as the appropriate person responsible for the employment of advanced analytics. The CFO (1) owns the data, (2) normally uses analytics, and (3) serves as the primary guardian of “representational faithfulness of reported data. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Probe current determination in analytical TEM/STEM and its application to the characterization of large area EDS detectors
Authors: Mitchell David R.G. , Nancarrow Mitchell J.B.
Published: August 2015

A simple procedure, which enables accurate measurement of transmission electron microscopy (TEM)/STEM probe currents using an energy loss spectrometer drift tube is described. The currents obtained are compared with those measured on the fluorescent screen to enable the losses due to secondary and backscattered electrons to be determined. The current values obtained from the drift tube allow the correction of fluorescent screen current densities to yield true current. They also enable CCD conversion efficiencies to be obtained, which in turn allows images to be calibrated in terms of electron fluence. Using probes of known current in conjunction with a NiO reference specimen enables the X‐ray detector solid angle to be determined. The NiO specimen also allows a wide range of other EDS detector parameters to be obtained, including the presence of ice and carbon contamination. A range of performance characteristics are reported for two large area EDS detector systems. Many of the measurements reported herein have been automated via the use of freely available scripts for DigitalMicrograph. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:886–893, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hip range‐of‐motion (ROM) is less than normal after rotational acetabular osteotomy for developmental dysplasia of the hip: A simulated ROM analysis
Authors: Hamada Hidetoshi , Takao Masaki , Nakahara Ichiro , Sakai Takashi , Nishii Takashi , Sugano Nobuhiko
Published: August 2015

The optimal reorientation of the acetabulum for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is unknown in terms of hip range‐of‐motion (ROM). The simulated ROMs of 52 DDHs after rotational acetabular osteotomy (RAO) with several patterns of femoral head coverage and those of 73 normal hips were analyzed using computer models reconstructed from CT images. After RAO with a lateral center edge angle (LCEA) of 30° and an anterior center edge angle (ACEA) of 55° producing coverage similar to that of normal hips, the maximal flexion and maximal internal rotation at 110° flexion with 20° adduction were significantly smaller than those of the normal group. To achieve ROMs after RAO similar to those of the normal group, an LCEA of 30° with an ACEA of 45°, an LCEA of 25° with an ACEA of 45° to 50°, and an LCEA of 20° with an ACEA of 50° could be preferred angles to target, even though they provided smaller coverage than that of normal hips. After RAO producing femoral head coverage similar to that of normal hips, the maximal flexion and the maximal internal rotation at 110° flexion with 20° adduction were significantly smaller than those of the normal group. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:217–223, 2016.
Long‐Term Controlled Protein Release from Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Hydrogels by Modulating Mesh Size and Degradation
Authors: Tong Xinming , Lee Soah , Bararpour Layla , Yang Fan
Published: August 2015

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based hydrogels are popular biomaterials for protein delivery to guide desirable cellular fates and tissue repair. However, long‐term protein release from PEG‐based hydrogels remains challenging. Here, we report a PEG‐based hydrogel platform for long term protein release, which allows efficient loading of proteins via physical entrapment. Tuning hydrogel degradation led to increase in hydrogel mesh size and gradual release of protein over 60 days of with retained bioactivity. Importantly, this platform does not require the chemical modification of loaded proteins, and may serve as a versatile tool for long‐term delivery of a wide range of proteins for drug‐delivery and tissue‐engineering applications.
Social Sharing of Online Videos: Examining American Consumers’ Video Sharing Attitudes, Intent, and Behavior
Authors: Yang Hongwei Chris , Wang Yingqi
Published: August 2015

The present study integrated the theory of planned behavior, technology acceptance model, and Palka et al.'s (2009) viral marketing model to examine U.S. consumers’ online video sharing attitudes, intent, and behavior. Two online surveys of 318 U.S. college students and 370 U.S. general consumers were conducted consecutively in April 2012 and May 2012 to strengthen the study's reliability and validity. Results show that perceived pleasure and cost served as important predictors of online video sharing attitudes among college students and general consumers. Their intent to share online videos was predicted by perceived pleasure and normative influences, attitudes, and social media use. The number of online videos they shared was determined by online video consumption, intenteh, normative influences, and social media use. Sharing of online videos is different from sharing other online content in that perceived utilities and behavioral control do not really matter. The findings carry important implications for academic researchers, online marketers, and video publishers.
Consuming Alone: Broadening Putnam's “Bowling Alone” Thesis
Authors: Rauch Andreas , Deker Johannes S. , Woodside Arch G.
Published: August 2015

Despite the popularity of Wi‐Fi technologies and social networks, many residents in developed nations are more socially isolated now than a few decades ago. Applying fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis, using a nationally representative sample in one developed nation this study investigates the relationship between social isolation and advice‐giving and advice‐seeking behaviors with regard to brands or products. This study raises the proposition that people who are socially isolated lack the opportunity to give and seek advice, and, thus, abstain from doing so. Additionally, the study proposes that lacking ability or motivation also represent causal conditions for isolation. The study also investigates consumer behavior outcomes of low advice‐giving and advice‐seeking behaviors; that is, pampering and status buying. The findings from an analysis of an omnibus annual survey of residents in one nation support the propositions that the study proposes from theory and are likely relevant for residents of most developed nations.