bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automatic Detection and Segmentation of Colorectal Cancer with Deep Residual Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Akilandeswari A. , Sungeetha D. , Joseph Christeena , Thaiyalnayaki K. , Baskaran K. , Jothi Ramalingam R. , Al-Lohedan Hamad , Al-dhayan Dhaifallah M. , Karnan Muthusamy , Meansbo Hadish Kibrom
Published: March 2022

Early and automatic detection of colorectal tumors is essential for cancer analysis, and the same is implemented using computer-aided diagnosis (CAD). A computerized tomography (CT) image of the colon is being used to identify colorectal carcinoma. Digital imaging and communication in medicine (DICOM) is a standard medical imaging format to process and analyze images digitally. Accurate detection of tumor cells in the complex digestive tract is necessary for optimal treatment. The proposed work is divided into two phases. The first phase involves the segmentation, and the second phase is the extraction of the colon lesions with the observed segmentation parameters. A deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) based residual network approach for the colon and polyps’ segmentation from the CT images is applied over the 2D CT images. The residual stack block is being added to the hidden layers with short skip nuance, which helps to retain spatial information. ResNet-enabled CNN is employed in the current work to achieve complete boundary segmentation of the colon cancer region. The results obtained through segmentation serve as features for further extraction and classification of benign as well as malignant colon cancer. Performance evaluation metrics indicate that the proposed network model has effectively segmented and classified colorectal tumors with dice scores of 91.57% (on average), sensitivity = 98.28, specificity = 98.68, and accuracy = 98.82.
Study on the Compressive Properties and Factors of Recycled Mixture with High Content of Iron Tailings Sand
Authors: Dong Yuanshuai , Zhang Hong , Hou Yun , Guo Peng , Tian Jialei , Qian Zhenyu
Published: March 2022

This paper focuses on the disposal of iron tailings sand (ITS) and recycled aggregate of inorganic (RAI) and proposed the “ITS plus RAI” solid waste treatment methods, which uses ITS and RAI as a new base course material to replace new aggregates by 100% to apply in the pavement renovation project of national and provincial roads in Linfen city, Shanxi Province. In this paper, the compressive strength characteristic of recycled mixture with different ratios is studied for the dual waste treatment methods, and the influence factors are analyzed by multiple regression analysis. Results show that the strength of the recycled mixture composed of a high content of ITS (the mass ratio to RAI exceeds 60 : 40) ups to 7 MPa, which can meet the pavement requirements of 7d unconfined compressive strength of inorganic stabilized base material under various traffic load conditions. The factors affecting the strength of recycled materials include the content of various components, while the particle size of iron tailings sand is the most significant influence factor. Therefore, the proportion of iron tailings sand in the recycled mixture can be further improved by screening coarse iron tailings sand so as to maximize the content of iron tailings sand, which will lead to an excellent engineering value.
Effects of 8‐Week Orienteering Training on Physical Fitness Parameters among Adolescents Aged 14–18 Years
Authors: Türkmen Özer , Biçer Bilal
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of 8‐week orienteering training on physical fitness parameters in adolescents. To reveal this effect, this experimental study was designed as a pretest–posttest control group model. A total of 41 volunteers (20 females and 21 males) aged 14–18 years were divided into 2 groups: the orienteering training group (OTG) and control group (CG). Health‐related and performance‐related parameters of the physical fitness of the participants before and after the 8‐week orienteering training were evaluated. After eight weeks of training, body weight (BW) increased by 1 kg on average in the OTG, but the body fat percentage (BFP) did not change. This increase could be due to the effect of the orienteering training. The CG, on the contrary, recorded an increase in BFP. Whereas both groups seemed similar in terms of elastic strength, and a significant improvement was found in the OTG in terms of anaerobic power, which considers BW. In terms of balance performance, the OTG showed a significant improvement, while the CG displayed a 97% rate of negative change. The positive increase rate in aerobic capacity was significantly higher in the OTG compared with the CG. Each participant in the OTG covered approximately 2000 meters engaging in parkour in each training session. Thus, the increase in aerobic capacity for the OTG can be explained by the number of 8‐week training sessions. Rockport time decreased statistically in the OTG after training, but there was no difference in comparison with the CG. Moreover, similar results were observed in both the groups in body mass index, flexibility, agility, speed, and VO2max values. Overall, orienteering training once a week for eight weeks resulted in positive developments in physical fitness parameters.
Fracture Analysis of Compressor Impellers in Olefin Units: Numerical and Metallurgical Approach
Authors: Esmailzadeh Mojtaba , Delshah Maryam , Amirsadat Seyedeh Mina , Azari Ahmad , Fatehi Rouhollah , Rezaei Mohsen , Bazai Hasan , Ghadyanlou Farhad , Saidizad Amir , Sharifpur Mohsen
Published: March 2022

This paper presents a failure analysis conducted in 7175 aluminum alloy compressor impellers used in olefin units which operate at 34500 rpm to compress gas in the process. Some characterizations such as chemical composition, microstructure, and hardness tests were conducted to obtain a detailed evaluation of the base alloy. Furthermore, a finite element method and a 3D point cloud data technique have used to determine critical stress points on the surface of impellers. The finite element result showed the root of blades has significant stress concentration. Moreover, the formed cyclic tension has led to a fatigue phenomenon in the root of the blade, so near this location, the local strain accumulation was visible in 3D points cloud data. The fractography results showed that the mode of crack progression and the fractured surface would change by changing the stress mode. In addition, CFD modeling for investigating the effect of flow hydrodynamics on the HP and LP compressor blades is analyzed. The results revealed that the maximum pressure of gas stream for the rotor speed of 34500 had taken place in the area of a blade that already breakdown took place, and the changes of pressure, stress, and temperature gradients of flow in the HP compressor were significantly higher than the LP compressor.
The Effect of the Appropriate Timing of Radiotherapy on Survival Benefit in Patients with Metastatic Esophageal Cancer Who Have Undergone Resection of Primary Site: A SEER Database Analysis
Authors: Qiu Bingzhe , Zhou Yong , Lou Ming , Zhang Ke , Lu Jiawei , Tong Jichun
Published: March 2022

Background. Metastatic esophageal cancer (MEC) is an advanced stage of esophageal cancer. However, still, resection of primary site and radiotherapy are considered treatment modalities to treat patients with MEC. Hence, this study is aimed at exploring the effect of the appropriate timing of radiotherapy on the survival benefit of these patients by comparing cancer-specific survival (CSS). Method. The patient information was obtained from the National Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database between the years 2004 and 2017. We used the SEER

∗

STAT (V8.3.9.2) software to search and download data. Patients treated with pre- and postoperative radiotherapy were divided into two groups. The propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed to increase the comparability of data within two groups. We used the Kaplan-Meier method to analyze and compare the CSS between the two groups. The Cox risk model was used to analyze variables affecting patient survival. Results. A total of 599 patients with MEC who experienced resection of the primary site and radiotherapy were recruited. 144 pairings formed through PSM. The 5-year CSS was 23.0% and 11.7% for patients who have undergone pre- and postoperative radiotherapy, respectively. Patients who have undergone preoperative radiotherapy showed better CSS than those who received postoperative radiotherapy (

P
<
0.001

). The multivariate Cox analysis of the entire cohort showed that

age
>
60

years at the time of diagnosis (

HR
=
1.481

, 95% CI: 1.1341-1.934, and

P
=
0.04

) and other histological types of esophageal cancer (

HR
=
1.581

, 95% CI: 1.067-2.341, and

P
=
0.022

) increased the risk of cancer-related death. Inversely, marriage (

HR
=
0.696

, 95% CI: 0.514-0.942, and

P
=
0.019

) and preoperative radiotherapy (

HR
=
0.664

, 95% CI: 0.517-0.853, and

P
<
0.001

) reduced the risk of death from cancer. Conclusions. For patients with MEC, preoperative radiotherapy might have a significant effect on the survival benefit over those who receive postoperative radiotherapy.
Dynamic Fusion Simulation Method of Intertemporal Decision Preferences of Large Groups in Weak Relationships
Authors: Yang Boru , Xu Chenglei , Zhang Hongxun , Feng Yan
Published: March 2022

The fusion of large group decision-making preferences is generally based on hard constraints, and the general low-consensus heterogeneous preference interaction situation of weak relationship decision-making under soft constraints has not been investigated. This study puts forward the preference connotation structure and preference attributes of the intertemporal decision-making of weak relationships groups, objective preference comparison standards between individuals, preference interaction neighborhoods between individuals, preference learning adjustment rules, and preference cycle interaction result evaluation connotations. On this basis, this research constructs a multistage and multiple-round intertemporal decision-making preference dynamic fusion theory and a method for weak relationship large groups. The simulation results verify and support the constructed preference fusion theory and method, indicating that a relatively rational interactive learning and adjustment process can improve the group decision-making performance of the key digital technology R&D team for offshore wind power project construction, operation, and maintenance and effectively improve the convergence level, convergence time, comprehensive decision-making benefits, and decision-making cognition. In the increasingly open large group intertemporal decision-making situation, these research viewpoints and conclusions will help to expand the strong relationship hypotheses of preference fusion in previous group decision-making research. The research opinions and conclusions supplement the theory and method of preference interaction fusion under soft constraints in large group decision-making.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity, Cytotoxicity, and Phytochemical Composition of Ocimum americanum L. (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Ali Hashim , Nguta Joseph , Musila Fredrick , Ole-Mapenay Isaac , Matara Dorine , Mailu James
Published: March 2022

Background. Herbal plants are a natural source of novel biomolecules used widely in ethnomedicine. The present study was intended to examine the antimicrobial properties, cytotoxicity, and phytoconstituents of Ocimum americanum L., an herb traditionally used by the people of Swahili (Kenya) against microbial infections. Methods. The aerial parts of Ocimum americanum L. were sourced, dried, milled, and extracted using three solvents: aqueous, acetonic, and 70% hydroethanolic. Additionally, fractions of chloroform and ethyl acetate were obtained from all crude extracts of the plant. The antimicrobial property was evaluated using agar well diffusion and microdilution techniques against human opportunistic pathogens including S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans. The brine shrimp cytotoxicity test was used to analyze the lethality of the extracts and fractions. Phytochemical screening was used to qualitatively assay the presence of phytoconstituents. Results. The phytochemical assay confirmed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, reducing sugars, anthraquinones, and glycosides. The lethality test demonstrated that all the extracts and fractions were toxic against Artemia salina nauplii with LC50 values ranging from 0.59 to 559.71 µg/ml. Chloroformic fraction of the hydroethanolic extract had the highest lethality with an LC50 value of 0.59 µg/ml. Two of the extracts and their fractions displayed antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria (B. cereus and S. aureus) and fungus (C. albicans), while the same extracts had no activity against the Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and K. pneumoniae). The highest antimicrobial activity was seen in the ethyl acetate fraction of the hydroethanolic extract at 250 mg/ml against Bacillus cereus which had an inhibition zone of 26.00 ± 0.00 and MIC value of 62.5 mg/ml. Conclusion. In the current study, we report that Ocimum americanum L. demonstrated moderate antimicrobial activity, contains numerous phytocompounds, and is highly cytotoxic; thus, further research is needed for bioprospecting a novel compound.
Preservation of Autologous Brachiocephalic Vessels with Assistance of Three-Dimensional Printing Based on Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Yan Yu , Su Yan-Yan , Yan Zhong-Ya
Published: March 2022

Background. Preservation of autologous brachiocephalic vessels in Stanford type A aortic dissection has good short-time outcomes. However, getting access to the details is not easy by conventional examination methods. This study is aimed at reconstructing the aortic arch model by three-dimensional (3D) printing based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) to understand the details for performing surgery. Methods. Three patients with type A aortic dissection from October 2017 to June 2018 were indicated for simplified Sun’s procedure. Convolutional neural network (CNN) is used as a deep learning model, and the model was preset by transfer learning. The genetic algorithm (GA) was used to optimize the parameters. The aortic arch models were reconstructed using the segmented image. Results. The predicted damage area (mean 0.021 mm2) of the model optimized by deep learning was consistent with the experimental results (mean 0.023 mm2). Among the three patients, one patient died due to multiple organ failure and septic shock on the 11th day after surgery. The other two patients were cured, no reoperation was reported, and their cardiac functions were defined as class I during the 13 and 20 months of follow-up. Conclusion. It is feasible to use CNN to optimize the manufacturing of the aortic arch models.
Research on the Application of Artificial Intelligence Wireless Network Technology in the Optimization of University Resources
Authors: Li Jin
Published: March 2022

With the increase of teaching resources in universities, allocation for teaching resources has gradually attracted people’s attention. How to optimize and reorganize the numerous teaching resources so as to maximize the teaching efficiency and achieve the best teaching effect is a question that the majority of college management workers must think deeply. Due to the development of computer science, artificial neural networks and wireless networks have made considerable progress. This article optimizes the resources of colleges and universities from these two aspects. First, this work proposes an improved artificial neural network to optimize school resources. The algorithm pointed out that the adaptive genetic algorithm itself has problems such as slow evolution speed and poor individual diversity of the population. After that an improved adaptive genetic algorithm is proposed to optimize BP network training process. By introducing individual evolutionary trend adjustment parameters, a new calculation formula for crossover probability as well as mutation probability is constructed. Improved BP algorithm can effectively avoid the shortcomings of local minima. Second, additional momentum and adaptive learning rate strategies are used to optimize BP network to promote the efficiency for network training. Third, the artificial intelligence network is deployed in the wireless network, and the wireless network will complete the work of data collection, processing, and transmission, so as to optimize the resources of colleges and universities.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction Is a Driver of SP-2509 Drug Resistance in Ewing Sarcoma
Authors: Tokarsky E. John , Crow Jesse C. , Guenther Lillian M. , Sherman John , Taslim Cenny , Alexe Gabriela , Pishas Kathleen I. , Rask Galen , Justis Blake S. , Kasumova Ana , Stegmaier Kimberly , Lessnick Stephen L. , Theisen Emily R.
Published: March 2022

Expression of the fusion oncoprotein EWS/FLI causes Ewing sarcoma, an aggressive pediatric tumor characterized by widespread epigenetic deregulation. These epigenetic changes are targeted by novel lysine-specific demethylase-1 (LSD1) inhibitors, which are currently in early-phase clinical trials. Single-agent–targeted therapy often induces resistance, and successful clinical development requires knowledge of resistance mechanisms, enabling the design of effective combination strategies. Here, we used a genome-scale CRISPR–Cas9 loss-of-function screen to identify genes whose knockout (KO) conferred resistance to the LSD1 inhibitor SP-2509 in Ewing sarcoma cell lines. Multiple genes required for mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes III and IV function were hits in our screen. We validated this finding using genetic and chemical approaches, including CRISPR KO, ETC inhibitors, and mitochondrial depletion. Further global transcriptional profiling revealed that altered complex III/IV function disrupted the oncogenic program mediated by EWS/FLI and LSD1 and blunted the transcriptomic response to SP-2509.

Implications:

These findings demonstrate that mitochondrial dysfunction modulates SP-2509 efficacy and suggest that new therapeutic strategies combining LSD1 with agents that prevent mitochondrial dysfunction may benefit patients with this aggressive malignancy.
Tackling Protein-Calorie Malnutrition during World Crises
Authors: Padhani Zahra Ali , Das Jai K. , Akhtar Saeed , Ismail Tariq , Bhutta Zulfiqar A.
Published: March 2022

Undernutrition is still highly prevalent in developing countries and leads to a multitude of problems as it weakens the immune system, which leads to increased risk of infections and diet-related diseases. COVID-19 has worsened the existing situation and has resulted in unprecedented health, social, and economic disruptions across the world. Before COVID-19, about 54% children under 5 years were moderately or seriously malnourished, and after the COVID-19 pandemic, early estimates suggest that an additional 2.6  million children were stunted; 9.3  million were wasted, with an addition of 2.1  million maternal anemia cases; 168,000 child deaths; and USD 29.7 billion in productivity losses. This review is mainly focused on the health and nutrition sectors and highlights the impact of COVID-19 on malnutrition, food system and industry, and it also discusses the various measures implemented across the world to cater the burden of maternal and child malnutrition. Movement restrictions and lockdowns within and across the countries/borders have imposed an unprecedented stress and shock on the food supply chain, affecting harvest, food processing, supply, logistics, food demand, shortages, and cost. Many countries have implemented interventions such as cash transfers, food ration distribution, insurance plans, utility subsidy, and tax exemptions to assist the population to cope with the financial and health issues caused due to the outbreak. Other than these measures, evidence recommends some essential direct and indirect interventions which could help in reducing malnutrition during COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic has re-demonstrated the connection between food systems, nutrition, health, and prosperity and the need for a more holistic approach.
Histopathology of Intraocular Medulloepithelioma following Iodine-125 Plaque Brachytherapy
Authors: Mohan Sukriti , Gange William Steven , Kim Jonathan , Sibug Saber Maria Elena
Published: March 2022

We report the case of a 15-year-old female with a medulloepithelioma who underwent enucleation following plaque brachytherapy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the histopathological findings of medulloepithelioma following brachytherapy. Histopathology revealed radiation-related changes such as hyalinized vessels, photoreceptor atrophy, degenerative changes of the retina, and preretinal fibrous tissue. Additionally, the retinal nerve fiber layer showed signs of cystoid edema. Subretinal fluid, not commonly associated with medulloepithelioma, was also noted on histology; interestingly, it was seen adjacent to the tumor on B scan prior to brachytherapy. After enucleation, hyaline cartilage was also present on histology, although neuroepithelium was absent. Although we do not have pathological confirmation that neuroepithelium was present prior to brachytherapy, it is possible that brachytherapy preferentially affected neuroepithelium, leading to decrease in tumor size.
Advances in Managing Transition to Adulthood for Adolescents With Congenital Heart Disease: A Practical Approach to Transition Program Design: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: John Anitha S. , Jackson Jamie L. , Moons Philip , Uzark Karen , Mackie Andrew S. , Timmins Susan , Lopez Keila N. , Kovacs Adrienne H. , Gurvitz Michelle ,   the American Heart Association Adults With congenital Heart Disease Committee of the Council on Lifelong congenital Heart Disease and Heart Health in the Young and the Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; and Stroke Council
Published: March 2022

It is now expected that most individuals with congenital heart disease will survive to adulthood, including those with complex heart conditions. Maintaining lifelong medical care requires those with congenital heart disease to eventually transfer from pediatric to adult‐oriented health care systems. Developing health care transition skills and gaining independence in managing one’s own health care is imperative to this process and to ongoing medical and psychosocial success. This scientific statement reviews the recent evidence regarding transition and provides resources, components, and suggestions for development of congenital heart disease transition programs with the goals of improving patient knowledge, self‐management, and self‐efficacy skills to the level they are capable to eventually integrate smoothly into adult‐oriented health care. Specifically, the scientific statement updates 3 sections relevant to transition programming. First, there is a review of specific factors to consider, including social determinants of health, psychosocial well‐being, and neurocognitive status. The second section reviews costs of inadequate transition including the public health burden and the impairment in individual quality of life. Finally, the last section discusses considerations and suggestions for transition program design including communication platforms, a family‐centered approach, and individual models. Although this scientific statement reviews recent literature surrounding transitions of care for individuals with congenital heart disease there remain significant knowledge gaps. As a field, we have yet to determine ideal timing and methods of transition, and barriers to transition and transfer remain, particularly for the underserved populations. The consequences of poor health care transition are great and garnering outcomes and information through organized, multifaceted, collaborative approaches to transition is critical to improving the lifelong care of individuals with congenital heart disease.
A new species of Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae) from Guerrero, Mexico
Authors: MARTÍNEZ-GORDILLO MARTHA , FRAGOSO-MARTÍNEZ ITZI , VELASCO-GUTIÉRREZ KENIA
Published: March 2022

Acalypha amithii is described and illustrated as a new species from the State of Guerrero, Mexico. Its distribution is restricted to the Pacific slope. Acalypha amithii is morphologically close to the Mesoamerican A. ferdinandi and the South American A. stenoloba. However, it can be distinguished from the former by number of teeth in the bracts of the pistillate flowers (13–15 vs. 7 in the new species) and from the latter by the degree of fusion of the sepals of the pistillate flowers (connate at the base vs. free in the new species). Acalypha amithii is characterized by a suffruticose habit, penninerved leaves, terminal or axillary pistillate inflorescences, sepals of the pistillate flowers completely free and ovate-lanceolate, bracts of the pistillate flowers cuneate at the base, styles glabrous and almost 12 times longer than the ovary.
The case of the missing mushroom: a novel bioluminescent species discovered within Favolaschia in southwestern China
Authors: NIMALRATHNA THILINA S. , TIBPROMMA SAOWALUCK , NAKAMURA AKIHIRO , GALAPPATHTHI MAHESH C.A. , XU JIANCHU , MORTIMER PETER E. , KARUNARATHNA SAMANTHA C.
Published: March 2022

Seven species of bioluminescent mushrooms belonging to seven genera have been described in the tropical rainforests of China. This study contributes the eighth species, found growing on decaying bamboo in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG). Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and ribosomal large subunit (LSU) gene regions placed the species within the genus Favolaschia. Comprehensive morphological descriptions, micro and macro photographs, and a phylogenetic tree showing the placement of the new species are provided. This is the second report of bioluminescent Favolaschia in China.
A new subspecies of Stachys cretica (Lamiaceae) from western Turkey
Authors: AKÇİÇEK EKREM , GÜNER ÖZAL
Published: March 2022

A new subspecies of Stachys cretica (Lamiaceae) from Turkey, Stachys cretica subsp. gulendamiana, is described and its relationships with allied subspecies is discussed. The new subspecies is characterized by having decumbent flowering stems. Stachys cretica subsp. gulendamiana is similar to S. cretica subsp. anatolica, but it differs mainly by its marine sandy habitat, indumentum adpressed white lanate—tomentose, flowering stems decumbent, basal leaves undulate, nutlets dull, greyish—brown. IUCN threat category, geographical distribution map and ecology of the new subspecies are also given.
Acantholimon akaydinii (Plumbaginaceae), a new species of A. section Staticopsis from Eastern Anatolia
Authors: ÖZÜDOĞRU BARIŞ , ÖZGİŞİ KURTULUŞ
Published: March 2022

Acantholimon akaydinii, from Darende district of Malatya Province in eastern Anatolia (Turkey) is described as a new species based on morphological evidence. It resembles the recently described A. ibrahimii but can be readily distinguished by several morphological characters including longer, much-branched scapes and paniculate inflorescence, shorter scales, shorter spikelets, shorter calyx, and pink petals, among others. Diagnostic morphological characters, a full description, a revised key to the Turkish Acantholimon species of A. sect. Staticopsis with laxly distichous spikes, and scape much longer than leaves, as well as  detailed illustrations are provided. Furthermore, the IUCN Red List category of the new species is assessed as Critically Endangered (CR) due to its limited distribution and true agricultural pressure.
A study of the genus Fagineura (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, Nematinae)
Authors: HARA HIDEHO , IBUKI SHINICHI
Published: March 2022

The East Asian genus Fagineura Vikberg & Zinovjev, 2000 (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) is redefined to comprise the following 11 species, divided into two species groups: F. crenativora species group: F. brevicornis Liu, Li & Wei, 2021 from China, F. crenativora Vikberg & Zinovjev, 2000 from Japan, F. flactoserrula Liu, Li & Wei, 2019 from China, F. longitangia Liu, Li & Wei, 2021 from China, F. parva Hara, sp. nov. from Japan, F. xanthosoma Liu, Li & Wei, 2019 from China; F. quercivora species group: F. flavomaculata Hara, sp. nov. from Japan and Korea, F. fulvistriata Hara, sp. nov. from Japan, F. glabella Hara, sp. nov. from Japan and Korea, F. quercivora (Togashi, 1997), comb. nov. [= Dineura quercivora Togashi, 1997] from Japan and Korea, F. togashii Hara, nom. nov. [replacement name for F. quercivora Togashi, 2006; junior secondary homonym of F. quercivora (Togashi, 1997)] from Japan and Korea. A key to these 11 species is given. Descriptions or additional descriptions are given for the species from Japan and Korea. Fagineura quercivora and F. togashii are recorded from Korea for the first time. For F. flavomaculata, F. fulvistriata, F. glabella, F. quercivora and F. togashii, information on the immature stages, host plants and life history is provided.
A new sexually dimorphic Hyphessobrycon from the western Amazon basin (Characiformes: Characidae)
Authors: LIMA FLÁVIO C.T. , BASTOS DOUGLAS A. , PY-DANIEL LÚCIA H. RAPP , OTA RAFAELA P.
Published: March 2022

A new species of Hyphessobrycon presenting dimorphic males is described from the western Amazon basin in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. The new species has been mistakenly identified in the literature with the non-congener Hemigrammus marginatus, with which shares a similar color pattern by presenting dark patches of dark pigmentation on caudal-fin lobes. It can be distinguished from the latter species, as well as from Hemigrammus durbinae, and two similar congeners, Hyphessobrycon diancistrus and Hy. otrynus, all of which sharing the same caudal fin color pattern, by the combination of presenting a dark patch of pigmentation on the dorsal fin, a single large anal-fin hook at the last unbranched anal-fin ray in mature males, and a moderately high body depth (22.4–32.5 % SL, mean 28.4 %). The new species is more similar to Hyphessobrycon diancistrus, which is putatively its closely related taxon. A putative close relationship with Hyphessobrycon otrynus, and with a non-congener presenting a distinct color pattern but sharing a similar sexual dimorphism on anal-fin hook morphology, Hemigrammus boesemani, is suggested.
Advancing community engagement within the context of tribal social work
Authors: Bhagwan Raisuyah
Published: March 2022

Attention to advancing engagement in social work has grown within the global discourse on community engagement in higher education. It is against this backdrop that this article sought to explore the process of engagement and the benefits of engagement for social work students at a university in Mumbai, India. The study is salient as it focuses on community engagement, particularly service learning at the interface of tribal social work. Data were collected using a qualitative approach. Semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were held with students (n = 23) and social work educators (n = 7). The study captured the process of preparing students for engagement and found that their social work learning experiences were strengthened through immersion in a tribal community, in India.
Shifting Narratives of the Self – Students’ Experiences of Chronicity and Multiplicity in the Management of Chronic Illness at University
Authors: Spencer Grace , Almack Kathryn
Published: March 2022

Drawing on the chronic illness scholarship and identity theories, this article aims to deepen the understanding of the biographical disruptions experienced by undergraduate students living with a long-term health condition. Data are drawn from in-depth interviews with six undergraduate (female) students attending university in England. The analysis highlights the ways chronicity and multiplicity come together to shape students’ health and social identities. The findings reveal three narratives of the Self: the ill Self, the determined Self, and the authentic Self. These distinct, yet interconnected, narratives highlight the complex shifts in the Self as students sought ways to ‘push through’ multiple (academic, health, social) pressures. Maintaining academic and social engagement met with significant challenge, ultimately shaping the emotional and social lives of these students. The article offers a novel contribution to how undergraduate students navigate multiple identities in the face of ongoing illness.
Expression profile and prognostic significance of HOXB13 in rectal cancer
Authors: Gao Da-Zhi , Yang Yu-Shen , Wang Zhun , Zhao Xue-Feng
Published: March 2022

Background

This study aimed to investigate the expression pattern and prognostic significance of HOXB13 in rectal cancer.

Methods

HOXB13 expression in rectal cancer and normal adjacent tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry, and its clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis were statistically tested. Furthermore, we evaluated the association between tumor immune infiltrating cells and HOXB13 using the tumor immune estimation resource (TIMER) database. The potential biological mechanism associated with HOXB13 overexpression was investigated by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA).

Results

The expression of HOXB13 protein in human rectal cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in the normal adjacent tissues ( P < 0.05). HOXB13 expression was significantly correlated with depth of invasion, lymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and pathological tumor node metastasis stage ( P < 0.05). Kaplan–Meier survival curves confirmed that HOXB13 overexpression was correlated negatively with overall survival and disease-free survival in rectal cancer ( P < 0.05). Also, multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that HOXB13 expression, age, and lymphatic invasion were independent prognostic factors in rectal cancer ( P < 0.05). Plus, the results from the TIMER database indicated that HOXB13 expression has a significant association with several immune cell infiltrates. Finally, the GSEA results indicated that HOXB13 participated in the various immune-associated processes, including natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity and the T-cell receptor signaling pathway.

Conclusion

Our study showed an essential role of HOXB13 in rectal cancer immunity and prognosis. Significantly, the overexpression of HOXB13 leads to the worse prognosis for patients with rectal cancer, which will contribute to understanding molecular mechanisms associated with tumor pathogenesis and prognosis in this disease.
A systematic review of the criterion validity and reliability of technical and tactical field-based tests in soccer
Authors: Clemente Filipe Manuel , Praça Gibson , Oliveira Rafael , Aquino Rodrigo , Araújo Rui , Silva Rui , Sarmento Hugo , Afonso José
Published: March 2022

Background

Field-based tests are important since they can guarantee ecological validity. Although most such tests are designed to assess physical fitness, tactical and technical dimensions are also determinants in a full battery of tests.

Objectives

This systematic review aimed to (a) summarize the criterion validity and reliability of technical and tactical field-based tests applied in soccer and (b) list valid and reliable technical and tactical field-based tests.

Methods

A systematic review of EBSCO, PubMed, Scielo, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. The eligibility criteria included (i) population (soccer players from any age group, competitive level, or sex); (ii) exposure (exposure to technical and/or tactical field-based tests covering individual technical skills, tactical behaviours, tactical knowledge, and decision-making in the field); (iii) comparator (a laboratory test and/or a criterion field-based test); (iv) outcome (measures of reliability); and (v) no restrictions concerning study design. The synthesis of results focused on the outcomes considered in the eligibility criteria.

Results

A total of 5008 titles were identified, of which 21 met the eligibility criteria. Eight studies’ analyses centred on tactical tests. Of those, six studies tested the same instrument (FUT-SAT), one study examined divergent thought, and one study used a soccer-specific skills test Among the 10 included studies involving technical tests, only two repeated the same test (the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test). Three studies included tests concurring with physical ones. According to the main findings, the eight studies that used tactical tests revealed that the outcomes obtained from the tests and observers were reliable. The 10 studies that used technical tests, as well as the three concurrent studies, revealed similarly high reliability. Of the eight studies that used tactical tests, seven involved youth participants. Furthermore, three of the 10 studies that conducted technical tests were done on adults. Of the concurrent tests, three involved youth athletes. Only one study including a tactical analysis presented values for validity, while three others provided information about validity. The four studies provided information about test validity.

Conclusions

Overall, the selected technical and tactical tests, most of which were carried out on youth players, revealed their validity and reliability. Although most studies focused on reliability (which was confirmed regardless of the test included), criterion validity was also observed in the few studies that analysed such factors. Thus, the tests currently proposed for assessing technical and tactical behaviours possess acceptable criterion validity and reliability.
Adhesion Promotes Allergic Rhinitis CD4+IL4+ T Cell Differentiation via ICAM1 and E-Selectin
Authors: Liu Honghui , Ai Jingang , Wang Tiansheng , Tan Guolin
Published: March 2022

Background

Neuroimmune communication plays an important role in allergic inflammation, but the neuroimmune regulation of allergic rhinitis remains unclear.

Objective

The goal of this study was to investigate the role of CD4-positive T lymphocyte (CD4+ T cells) adhesion to D-U87 neuron-like cells in mediating allergic rhinitis CD4+ T cell differentiation.

Methods

D-U87 neuron-like cells were derived from the human glioblastoma U87 cell line. CD4+ T cells were isolated from human peripheral blood using a magnetic separation technique. In vitro coculture of D-U87 neuron-like cells and CD4+ T cells was established. The number of adherent CD4+ T cells was counted using a fluorescence microscope. The percentages of CD4+IFNγ+ and CD4+IL4+ T cells and the levels of IFNγ and IL4 cytokines in the supernatant were measured by flow cytometry.

Results

The results showed that the number of adherent CD4+ T cells in patients with allergic rhinitis was significantly higher than that in healthy controls. In allergic rhinitis, the percentage of CD4+IL4+ T cells was significantly increased in the adherent group compared with that in the nonadherent group. Moreover, blocking ICAM1 and E-selectin decreased the number of adherent CD4+ T cells and the percentage of CD4+IL4+ T cells in allergic rhinitis.

Conclusion

Adhesion contributes to CD4+IL4+ T cell differentiation in the in vitro coculture system of D-U87 neuron-like cells and allergic rhinitis CD4+ T cells, which may provide new insights into therapeutic strategies for allergic rhinitis.
Validation of POD24 as a robust early clinical end point of poor survival in FL from 5225 patients on 13 clinical trials
Authors: Casulo Carla , Dixon Jesse G. , Le-Rademacher Jennifer , Hoster Eva , Hochster Howard S. , Hiddemann Wolfgang , Marcus Robert , Kimby Eva , Herold Michael , Sebban Catherine , Gyan Emmanuel , Foon Kenneth , Nielsen Tina , Vitolo Umberto , Salles Gilles A. , Shi Qian , Flowers Christopher R.
Published: March 2022

Observational studies and stand-alone trials indicate that patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) who experience disease progression within 24 months of front-line chemoimmunotherapy (POD24), have poor outcomes. We performed a pooled analysis of 13 randomized clinical trials of patients with FL in the pre- and postrituximab eras to identify clinical factors that predict POD24. Logistic regression models evaluated the association between clinical factors and POD24. Cox regression evaluated the association between POD24 as a time-dependent factor and subsequent overall survival (OS). A landmark analysis evaluated the association of POD24 with OS for the subset of patients who were alive at 24 months after trial registration. Patients without progression at 24 months at baseline had favorable performance status (PS), limited-stage (I/II) disease, low-risk FL International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) score, normal baseline hemoglobin, and normal baseline β2 microglobulin (B2M) level. In a multivariable logistic regression model, male sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.30), PS ≥2 (OR, 1.63), B2M (≥3 mg/L; OR, 1.43), and high-risk FLIPI score (3-5; OR, 3.14) were associated with increased risk of progression before 24 months. In the time-dependent Cox model and the 24-month landmark analysis, POD24 was associated with poor subsequent OS (hazard ratio, 4.85 and 3.06, respectively). This is the largest pooled analysis of clinical trials data validating POD24 as a robust indicator of poor FL survival and identified clinical predictors of early death and progression that can aid in building comprehensive prognostic models incorporating clinical and molecular predictors of POD24.
Conservation of dynamic characteristics of transcriptional regulatory elements in periodic biological processes
Authors: Motta Francis C. , Moseley Robert C. , Cummins Bree , Deckard Anastasia , Haase Steven B.
Published: March 2022

Background

Cell and circadian cycles control a large fraction of cell and organismal physiology by regulating large periodic transcriptional programs that encompass anywhere from 15 to 80% of the genome despite performing distinct functions. In each case, these large periodic transcriptional programs are controlled by gene regulatory networks (GRNs), and it has been shown through genetics and chromosome mapping approaches in model systems that at the core of these GRNs are small sets of genes that drive the transcript dynamics of the GRNs. However, it is unlikely that we have identified all of these core genes, even in model organisms. Moreover, large periodic transcriptional programs controlling a variety of processes certainly exist in important non-model organisms where genetic approaches to identifying networks are expensive, time-consuming, or intractable. Ideally, the core network components could be identified using data-driven approaches on the transcriptome dynamics data already available.

Results

This study shows that a unified set of quantified dynamic features of high-throughput time series gene expression data are more prominent in the core transcriptional regulators of cell and circadian cycles than in their outputs, in multiple organism, even in the presence of external periodic stimuli. Additionally, we observe that the power to discriminate between core and non-core genes is largely insensitive to the particular choice of quantification of these features.

Conclusions

There are practical applications of the approach presented in this study for network inference, since the result is a ranking of genes that is enriched for core regulatory elements driving a periodic phenotype. In this way, the method provides a prioritization of follow-up genetic experiments. Furthermore, these findings reveal something unexpected—that there are shared dynamic features of the transcript abundance of core components of unrelated GRNs that control disparate periodic phenotypes.
Towards the detection of copy number variation from single sperm sequencing in cattle
Authors: Yang Liu , Gao Yahui , Oswalt Adam , Fang Lingzhao , Boschiero Clarissa , Neupane Mahesh , Sattler Charles G. , Li Cong-jun , Seroussi Eyal , Xu Lingyang , Yang Lv , Li Li , Zhang Hongping , Rosen Benjamin D. , Van Tassell Curtis P. , Zhou Yang , Ma Li , Liu George E.
Published: March 2022

Background

Copy number variation (CNV) has been routinely studied using bulk-cell sequencing. However, CNV is not well studied on the single-cell level except for humans and a few model organisms.

Results

We sequenced 143 single sperms of two Holstein bulls, from which we predicted CNV events using 14 single sperms with deep sequencing. We then compared the CNV results derived from single sperms with the bulk-cell sequencing of one bull’s family trio of diploid genomes. As a known CNV hotspot, segmental duplications were also predicted using the bovine ARS-UCD1.2 genome. Although the trio CNVs validated only some single sperm CNVs, they still showed a distal chromosomal distribution pattern and significant associations with segmental duplications and satellite repeats.

Conclusion

Our preliminary results pointed out future research directions and highlighted the importance of uniform whole genome amplification, deep sequence coverage, and dedicated software pipelines for CNV detection using single cell sequencing data.
Type I and II pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum in infants: a 10-year experience in initial surgery at one center
Authors: Song Hailong , Chen Ziying
Published: March 2022

Background

To explore the effect of initial surgery for type I and II pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA/IVS).

Methods

50 children with type I PA/IVS and 50 with type II PA/IVS who had undergone initial surgery were enrolled. Children with Type I were divided into groups A (n = 25) and B (n = 25). Group A had received BT shunt combined with PDA ligation and balloon dilatation of pulmonary valve, whereas group B had undergone BT shunt combined with PDA ligation and pulmonary valve incision. Children with type II were divided into groups C (n = 25) and D (n = 25). Group C had received BT shunt combined with PDA ligation, right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) incision and transannular patch. Group D had undergone BT shunt combined with PDA ligation, RVOT incision, transannular patch and artificial pulmonary valve implantation. The differences in mechanical ventilation time, length of ICU stay, mortality rate, tricuspid Z value, tricuspid regurgitation, oxygen saturation, pulmonary regurgitation, McGoon ratio, pulmonary artery transvalvular pressure, survival rate were compared between groups A and B, between groups C and D respectively.

Results

The ventilator assistance time and length of ICU stay were greater in group C than in group D (80.96 ± 8.42 h vs. 65.16 ± 4.85 h, P = 0.045; 222.00 ± 11.72 h vs. 162.48 ± 7.91 h, P = 0.048). The pulmonary artery transvalvular pressure was significantly higher in group A than in group B at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after surgery (64.86 ± 4.13 mmHg vs. 53.04 ± 5.64 mmHg, P = 0.045; 69.47 ± 1.93 mmHg vs. 55.95 ± 4.04 mmHg, P = 0.005; 80.16 ± 3.76 mmHg vs. 73.24 ± 2.34 mmHg, P = 0.035; 62.95 ± 5.64 mmHg vs. 48.47 ± 7.44 mmHg, P = 0.04; 53.69 ± 4.89 vs. 45.77 ± 3.26, P = 0.02). Furthermore, the tricuspid Z value was significantly greater in group B than in group A at 3 and 24 months after surgery (− (1.37 ± 0.04) vs. − (1.43 ± 0.06), P = 0.03; − (0.41 ± 0.06) vs. − (0.51 ± 0.11), P = 0.02).

Conclusions

The effect of BT shunt combined with PDA ligation and pulmonary valve incision is superior to BT shunt combined with PDA ligation and balloon dilatation of pulmonary valve, and the effect of BT shunt combined with PDA ligation, RVOT incision, transannular patch and artificial pulmonary valve implantation is superior to BT shunt combined with PDA ligation, RVOT incision and transannular patch.