bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HAREZM TÜRKÇESİNDEN ÇAĞATAY TÜRKÇESİNE GEÇİŞ
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Yaşar , KAYNAK Filiz
Published: December 2023

Bu makalede Çağatay Türkçesinin oluşma süreçleri, Timur Dönemi’nde yaşanan gelişmeler, bu gelişmelerin Türk diline etkisi ve Çağatay Türkçesini Harezm Türkçesinden ayıran dil özellikleri bağlamında değerlendirilecektir. Çalışmanın konu külliyatı, 1370 ile 1465 tarihleri arasında Türkistan sahasında yazılan eserlerden oluşmaktadır. Bu dönemde yetişen Lutfî, Sekkakî, Şeyhzade Atayi, Yusuf Emirî, Ahmedî, Gedâyî, Seyyid Ahmed Mirza gibi Semerkand ve Herat ekolünden önemli isimlerin eserlerinin yanında bu ekolün dışında kalan Sibîcâbî’nin Gülistan Tercümesi (1397-1398) ve Hüseyn-i Harezmî tarafından yazılan Keşfü’l Hüdâ (1431) da çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Çalışmada Eckmann tarafından belirlenen “Çağataycayı Orta Asya İslam-Türk yazı dilinin önceki devirlerinden ayıran başlıca fonetik ve morfoloji hususiyetleri” esas alınmıştır.
The Bacteriological Quality of Raw Cow Milk Obtained from Herdsmen in Okigwe, Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Uzoh C. V. , Nworie C. O. , Eze E. E. , Igwe P. C. , Ugwuocha C. S. , Aroh K. E. , Abanukam I. O. , Onuoha N. , Okafor E. C.
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted to examine the bacteriological quality of cow’s raw milk obtained from herdsmen at Okigwe, Imo States. Standard microbiological procedure was used to carry out this research. A total number of five samples were gotten from different streets in Okigwe metropolis in sterile specimen containers. Ten fold serial dilution was carried with each of the sample with the 4th tube to 6th tube being inoculated on Nutrient agar, Salmonella- Shigella agar and MacConkey agar by spread plate method and incubated at 37oC for 24 hours. The microorganisms were identified were Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium sp, Salmonella typhi, Streptococcus sp, E. coli, Lactobacillus sp and Salmonella typhi. The total viable count for raw cow milk ranged from 6.6 x105CFU/ml to 1.01 x 106CFU/ml while total coliform count was from 6.2x106 CFU/ml to 1.7x106 CFU/ml. They frequency of occurrence of Lactobacillus sp was highest with a value 85 and the lowest frequency was Salmonella typhi II with a value of 2. The raw cow milk was observed to harbor some pathogenic microorganisms which can cause infections when ingested.
Challenges Facing First-Generation College Graduates in Medical School
Authors: Havemann Catherine , Mason Hyacinth R. C. , Russell Regina G. , Casillas Alejandra , Nguyen Mytien , Boatright Dowin , Webber Alexis , Parrilla Jon Andre , Gallegos Abraham , Wyatt Tasha R.
Published: December 2023

Importance

First-generation (FG) medical students remain underrepresented in medicine despite ongoing national efforts to increase diversity; understanding the challenges faced by this student population is essential to building holistic policies, practices, and learning environments that promote professional actualization. Although FG students have been extensively studied in the undergraduate literature, there is little research investigating how FG students experience medical education or opportunities for educators to intervene.

Objective

To explore challenges that FG students experience in undergraduate medical education and identify opportunities to improve foundational FG support.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This qualitative study was conducted using an online platform with 37 FG students enrolled in 27 US medical schools. An interprofessional team of medical educators and trainees conducted semistructured interviews from November 2021 through April 2022. Participants were recruited using a medical student listserv. Data were analyzed from April to November 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

After conducting a preliminary analysis using open coding, a codebook was created and used in a thematic analysis; the codebook used a combination of deductive and inductive coding.

Results

Among the 37 students recruited for this study, 21 (56.8%) were female; 23 (62.2%) were in the clinical phase of training; 1 (2.7%) was American Indian or Alaska Native, 7 (18.9%) were Hispanic, Latino, or of Spanish origin, 8 (21.6%) were non-Hispanic Asian or Asian American, 9 (24.3%) were non-Hispanic Black or African American, and 23 (32.4%) were non-Hispanic White; mean (SD) age was 27.3 (2.8) years. Participants described 4 major themes: (1) isolation and exclusion related to being a newcomer to medicine; (2) difficulty with access to basic resources (eg, food, rent, transportation) as well as educational (eg, books); (3) overall lack of faculty or institutional support to address these challenges; and (4) a sense of needing to rely on grit and resilience to survive.

Conclusions and Relevance

Although grit and resilience are desirable traits, results of this study suggest that FG medical students face increased adversity with inadequate institutional support, which forces them to excessively rely on grit and resilience as survival (rather than educational) strategies. By applying the holistic model often used in admissions to the postmatriculation educational process, targeted and flexible initiatives can be created for FG students so that all students, regardless of background, can achieve robust professional actualization.
Robust adaptive vibration control of a gantry crane system with flexible cable
Authors: Huang Xin , Wu Wei , Lou Xuyang , Görges Daniel , Zhang Jiayang
Published: December 2023

In this paper, a robust adaptive vibration control method for gantry crane system is proposed considering unknown parameters brought by unknown payload, cable length and tension. The control objective is to transport the cargo to the desired position while suppressing the vibration of the cable in the presence of unknown parameters. For this purpose, a boundary controller is designed with an adaptive law to compensate the parameter uncertainty of the system. The well‐posedness of the closed‐loop system is proved by means of operator semigroup theory and the asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop system is analyzed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control approach is demonstrated through both numerical simulation comparisons and physical experiments.
Targeting Nanomotor with Near‐Infrared/Ultrasound Triggered‐Transformation for Polystage‐Propelled Cascade Thrombolysis and Multimodal Imaging Diagnosis
Authors: Ruan Renjie , Chen Sheng , Su Jinyun , Liu Ning , Feng Hongjuan , Xiao Peijie , Zhang Xuan , Pan Gaoxing , Hou Linxi , Zhang Jin
Published: December 2023

Nowadays, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases caused by venous thromboembolism become main causes of mortality around the world. The current thrombolytic strategies in clinics are confined primarily due to poor penetration of nanoplatforms, limited thrombolytic efficiency, and extremely‐low imaging accuracy. Herein, a novel nanomotor (NM) is engineered by combining iron oxide/perfluorohexane (PFH)/urokinase (UK) into liposome nanovesicle, which exhibits near‐infrared/ultrasound (NIR/US) triggered transformation, achieves non‐invasive vein thrombolysis, and realizes multimodal imaging diagnosis altogether. Interestingly, a three‐step propelled cascade thrombolytic therapy is revealed from such intelligent NM. First, the NM is effectively herded at the thrombus site under guidance of a magnetic field. Afterwards, stimulations of NIR/US propel phase transition of PFH, which intensifies penetration of the NM toward deep thrombus dependent on cavitation effect. Ultimately, UK is released from the collapsed NM and achieves pharmaceutical thrombolysis in a synergistic way. After an intravenous injection of NM in vivo, the whole thrombolytic process is monitored in real‐time through multimodal photoacoustic, ultrasonic, and color Doppler ultrasonic imagings. Overall, such advanced nanoplatform provides a brand‐new strategy for time‐critical vein thrombolytic therapy through efficient thrombolysis and multimodal imaging diagnosis.
Analyzing Electrochemical Sensing Fundamentals for Health Applications
Authors: Alam Maksud M. , Mitea Victor , Howlader Matiar M. R. , Selvaganapathy Ponnambalam Ravi , Deen M. Jamal
Published: December 2023

Humans continuously interact with physical, chemical, and biological environments that influence their health, safety, and quality of life. Sensing devices, such as electrochemical sensors that translate environmental qualities into electrical signals, are crucial for detecting biomarker concentrations in various biofluids. However, the understanding of electrochemical sensing is often incomplete, necessitating further study of chemical reactions and sensor‐electrode interactions for healthcare applications. This review analyzes crucial topics in chemical reactions in electrochemical sensing environments. First, the dynamics of chemical energy, the roles of acidic and alkaline fluids, chemical reaction tendencies, thermodynamic equilibria, Gibbs free energy, water dissociation, and the pH scale are discussed. Sensor materials or biomarkers undergo oxidation and reduction reactions in electrochemical sensing. Oxygen‐derived radicals and nonradical reactive species significantly influence biochemical reactions, cellular responses, and clinical outcomes. Then, the review delves into the impact of oxidation reduction reactions on human pathophysiology, redox reactions in hemoglobin, redox environments in human serum albumin and cells/tissues, and thermodynamics of biological redox reactions. Finally, recent advances in electrochemical techniques are presented and research challenges and future perspectives in electrochemical sensing for health applications are addressed.
Deciphering Immune Landscape Remodeling Unravels the Underlying Mechanism for Synchronized Muscle and Bone Aging
Authors: Yin Pengbin , Chen Ming , Rao Man , Lin Yuan , Zhang Mingming , Xu Ren , Hu Xueda , Chen Ruijing , Chai Wei , Huang Xiang , Yu Haikuan , Yao Yao , Zhao Yali , Li Yi , Zhang Licheng , Tang Peifu
Published: December 2023

Evidence from numerous studies has revealed the synchronous progression of aging in bone and muscle; however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. To this end, human muscles and bones are harvested and the aging‐associated transcriptional dynamics of two tissues in parallel using single‐cell RNA sequencing are surveyed. A subset of lipid‐associated macrophages (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2, TREM2+ Macs) is identified in both aged muscle and bone. Genes responsible for muscle dystrophy and bone loss, such as secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), are also highly expressed in TREM2+ Macs, suggesting its conserved role in aging‐related features. A common transition toward pro‐inflammatory phenotypes in aged CD4+ T cells across tissues is also observed, activated by the nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 (NFKB1). CD4+ T cells in aged muscle experience Th1‐like differentiation, whereas, in bone, a skewing toward Th17 cells is observed. Furthermore, these results highlight that degenerated myocytes produce BAG6‐containing exosomes that can communicate with Th17 cells in the bone through its receptor natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 3 (NCR3). This communication upregulates CD6 expression in Th17 cells, which then interact with TREM2+ Macs through CD6‐ALCAM signaling, ultimately stimulating the transcription of SPP1 in TREM2+ Macs. The negative correlation between serum exosomal BCL2‐associated athanogene 6 (BAG6) levels and bone mineral density further supports its role in mediating muscle and bone synchronization with aging.
The miR‐669a‐5p/G3BP/HDAC6/AKAP12 Axis Regulates Primary Cilia Length
Authors: Wang Weina , Dai Xuyao , Li Yue , Li Mo , Chi Zongqi , Hu Xiaoyu , Wang Zhenshan
Published: December 2023

Primary cilia are conserved organelles in most mammalian cells, acting as “antennae” to sense external signals. Maintaining a physiological cilium length is required for cilium function. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are potent gene expression regulators, and aberrant miRNA expression is closely associated with ciliopathies. However, how miRNAs modulate cilium length remains elusive. Here, using the calcium‐shock method and small RNA sequencing, a miRNA is identified, namely, miR‐669a‐5p, that is highly expressed in the cilia‐enriched noncellular fraction. It is shown that miR‐669a‐5p promotes cilium elongation but not cilium formation in cultured cells. Mechanistically, it is demonstrated that miR‐669a‐5p represses ras‐GTPase‐activating protein SH3‐domain‐binding protein (G3BP) expression to inhibit histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) expression, which further upregulates A‐kinase anchor protein 12 (AKAP12) expression. This effect ultimately blocks cilia disassembly and leads to greater cilium length, which can be restored to wild‐type lengths by either upregulating HDAC6 or downregulating AKAP12. Collectively, these results elucidate a previously unidentified miR‐669a‐5p/G3BP/HDAC6/AKAP12 signaling pathway that regulates cilium length, providing potential pharmaceutical targets for treating ciliopathies.
Improved Polarization‐Retention‐Endurance in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Films by ZrO2 Capping via Electrostatic Effects
Authors: Song Tingfeng , Koutsogiannis Panagiotis , Magén César , Pardo José A. , Sánchez Florencio , Fina Ignasi
Published: December 2023

Ferroelectric hafnia is one of the most promising materials for next generation of non‐volatile memory devices. Several strategies have demonstrated to be of interest to improve its functional properties. Interface engineering, realized by the introduction of additional layer in the capacitor structure, is demonstrated as a promising strategy. However, interface layers can have multiple implications, such as changes in the chemistry of the interfaces and an increase of depolarization field, whose effects are difficult to discriminate. The role of HfO2 and ZrO2 capping is explored on polarization, retention, endurance, and leakage properties of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 epitaxial films. In HfO2 capped films, lower polarization is observed, and endurance and retention are also comparably worse than in ZrO2 capped films. Complementary under illumination ferroelectric characterization and capacitance measurements indicate a reduction of defects and interface capacitance contribution in ZrO2 capped films. For both cappings, the interfaces with the Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 layer are shown to be compositionally sharp and the phase of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) grains is replicated on the capping layer, indicating that electrostatic effects prevail and that the use of interface layers with high permittivity, here ZrO2, is crucial to favor good functional properties.
Disproportionation of Co2+ in the Topochemically Reduced Oxide LaSrCoRuO5
Authors: Liang Zhilin , Batuk Maria , Orlandi Fabio , Manuel Pascal , Hadermann Joke , Hayward Michael A.
Published: December 2023

Complex transition‐metal oxides exhibit a wide variety of chemical and physical properties which are a strong function the local electronic states of the transition‐metal centres, as determined by a combination of metal oxidation state and local coordination environment. Topochemical reduction of the double perovskite oxide, LaSrCoRuO6, using Zr, yields LaSrCoRuO5. This reduced phase contains an ordered array of apex‐linked square‐based pyramidal Ru3+O5, square‐planar Co1+O4 and octahedral Co3+O6 units, consistent with the coordination‐geometry driven disproportionation of Co2+. Coordination‐geometry driven disproportionation of d7 transition‐metal cations (e.g. Rh2+, Pd3+, Pt3+) is common in complex oxides containing 4d and 5d metals. However, the weak ligand field experienced by a 3d transition‐metal such as cobalt leads to the expectation that d7+ Co2+ should be stable to disproportionation in oxide environments, so the presence of Co1+O4 and Co3+O6 units in LaSrCoRuO5 is surprising. Low‐temperature measurements indicate LaSrCoRuO5 adopts a ferromagnetically ordered state below 120 K due to couplings between S=1/2 Ru3+ and S=1 Co1+.
Zr‐Porphyrin Metal–Organic Framework as nanoreactor for boosting the formation of hydrogen clathrates
Authors: Carrillo‐Carrión Carolina , Farrando‐Perez Judit , Daemen Luke L. , Cheng Yongqiang Q. , Ramirez‐Cuesta Anibal J. , Silvestre‐Albero Joaquin
Published: December 2023

We report the first experimental evidence for rapid formation of hydrogen clathrates under mild pressure and temperature conditions within the cavities of a zirconium‐metalloporphyrin framework, specifically PCN‐222. PCN‐222 has been selected for its 1D mesoporous channels, high water‐stability, and proper hydrophilic behavior. Firstly, we optimize a microwave (MW)‐assisted method for the synthesis of nanosized PCN‐222 particles with precise structure control (exceptional homogeneity in morphology and crystalline phase purity), taking advantage of MW in terms of rapid/homogeneous heating, time and energy savings, as well as potential scalability of the synthetic method. Second, we explore the relevance of the large mesoporous 1D open channels within the PCN‐222 to promote the nucleation and growth of confined hydrogen clathrates. Experimental results show that PCN‐222 drives the nucleation process at a lower pressure than the bulk system (1.35 kbar vs 2 kbar), with fast kinetics (minutes), using pure water, and with a nearly complete water‐to‐hydrate conversion. Unfortunately, PCN‐222 cannot withstand these high pressures, which lead to a significant alteration of the mesoporous structure while the microporous network remains mainly unchanged.
Deploying Cationic Cellulose Nanofiber Confinement to Enable High Iodine Loadings Towards High Energy and High‐Temperature Zn‐I2 Battery
Authors: Li Zhenglin , Cao Wenwen , Hu Tao , Hu Yichan , Zhang Rong , Cui Huilin , Mo Funian , Liu Chaozheng , Zhi Chunyi , Liang Guojin
Published: December 2023

High iodine loading and high‐temperature adaptability of the iodine cathode are prerequisites to achieving high energy density at full battery level and promoting the practical application for the zinc‐iodine (Zn‐I2) battery. However, it would aggravate the polyiodide shuttle effect when employing high iodine loading and working temperature. Here, a sustainable cationic cellulose nanofiber (cCNF) was employed to confine the active iodine species through strong physiochemical adsorption to enlarge the iodine loading and stabilize it even at high temperatures. The cCNF could accommodate dual‐functionality by enlarging the iodine loading and suppressing the polyiodide shuttle effect, owing to the unique framework structure with abundant surface positive charges. As a result, the iodine cathode based on the cCNF could deliver high iodine mass loading of 14.1 mg cm−2 with a specific capacity of 182.7 mAh g−1, high areal capacity of 2.6 mAh cm−2, and stable cycling over 3000 cycles at 2 A g−1, thus enabling a high energy density of 34.8 Wh kg−1 and the maximum power density of 521.2 W kg−1 at a full Zn‐I2 battery level. In addition, even at a high temperature of 60 °C, the Zn‐I2 battery could still deliver a stable cycling.
Minimally invasive autopsy in the evaluation of fetal malformations and stillbirths: A feasibility study
Authors: Gupta Neerja , Langeh Nitika , Sharma Aparna , Mridha Asit , Jana Manisha , Barwad Adarsh , Mani Kalaivani , Dadhwal Vatsla , Kumar Atin , Deka Dipika , Kabra Madhulika
Published: December 2023

Background

Minimally invasive autopsy (MIA) using post‐mortem magnetic resonance imaging with ancillary investigations is reported as accurate as conventional autopsy. This study assesses MIA's feasibility and accuracy compared to conventional autopsy.

Method

MIA and/or conventional autopsy were performed on malformed fetuses (14–20 weeks gestation) and stillbirths (>20 weeks gestation), with/without malformation. Concordance in diagnostic accuracy (95% confidence interval [CI]) and agreement (Kappa coefficient [k]) were assessed in malformed cases where both MIA and autopsy were conducted.

Results

We enrolled 200 cases, including 100 malformed fetuses (<20 weeks) and 100 stillbirths (with/without malformations). Concordance of 97.3% was observed between MIA and autopsy in 156 malformed cases. The overall diagnostic accuracy of MIA was 96.04%.

Conclusion

While conventional autopsy remains the gold standard, MIA is feasible in tertiary care settings. It can be considered a potential alternative for post‐mortem assessment, particularly in settings with limited facility of conventional autopsy and parental refusal.
Phytochemical analysis and hepatotoxicity assessment of braised Polygoni Multiflori Radix (Wen‐He‐Shou‐Wu)
Authors: Zhang Tao , Xie Yating , Li Tao , Deng Yaling , Wan Quan , Bai Tingting , Zhang Qing , Cai Zhongxi , Chen Mingxia , Zhang Jinlian
Published: December 2023

Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) is a medicinal herb commonly used in China and Eastern Asia. Recently, the discovery of hepatotoxicity in PMR has received considerable attention from scientists. Processing is a traditional Chinese medicine technique used for the effective reduction of toxicity. One uncommon technique is the braising method—also known as ‘Wen‐Fa’ in Chinese—which is used to prepare tonics or poisonous medications. Braised PMR (BPMR)—also known as ‘Wen‐He‐Shou‐Wu’—is one of the processed products of the braising method. However, the non‐volatile components of BPMR have not been identified and examined in detail, and therefore, the hepatotoxic advantage of BPMR remains unknown. In this study, we compared the microscopic characteristics of different samples in powder form using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), investigated the non‐volatile components, assessed the effects of different processed PMR products on the liver, and compared the differences between BPMR and PMR Praeparata recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition). We found that the hepatotoxicity of BPMR was dramatically decreased, which may be related to an increase in polysaccharide content and a decrease in toxic substances. The present study provides an important foundation for future investigations of the processing mechanisms of BPMR.
Genetic analysis and prenatal diagnosis of a pedigree with developmental retardation due to paternal 8q/18q translocation
Authors: Jin Chunyan , Li Xuefang , Chen Jiao , Gu Zhiping , Xu Tianhui
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical Message

Balanced reciprocal chromosomal translocation carriers will have greater risk to experience recurrent miscarriages, embryonic death, and infertility. We show the pedigree carrying a paternal karyotype which was reported first. This research helps to better understand the clinical manifestations and prognosis of patients with this rare chromosomal abnormality.
Successful autologous stem cell transplantation for light chain proximal tubulopathy with severe kidney injury
Authors: Kono Asuka , Bando Kana , Takahata Atsushi , Toyota Shigeo
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical Message

Light chain proximal tubulopathy (LCPT) is a rare type of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance. Clinicians should consider LCPT in the differential diagnosis of patients with renal or proximal tubular dysfunction with monoclonal gammopathy. They should confirm diagnosis by renal biopsy and initiate chemotherapy before disease progression.
Indium(III)‐Catalyzed Three Component Reaction of N‐Bromosuccinimide, Alkenes and N‐Tosylhydrazones
Authors: Luo Yixin , Zhou Sihan , Nkingwa Alex Adonis , Zeng Qingle
Published: December 2023

A three‐component reaction involving alkenes, N‐sulfonylhydrazones, and N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) is described that uses Indium(III) triflate for the synthesis of bromoethyl sulfonyl hydrazones. Using N‐tosylhydrazones as a nitrogen source and NBS as a bromine source, this intermolecular aminobromination of alkenes is carried out under air in mild conditions. A mechanism of electrophilic addition is proposed based on the GC‐MS analytical result.
Effects of nonlinear thermal radiation on magnetized Al2O3${\rm Al}_2 {\rm O}_3$‐Blood${\rm Blood}$ nanofluid flow through an inclined microporous channel: An investigation of second law analysis
Authors: Ogunsola Amos W. , Oyedotun Mathew F.
Published: December 2023

This study aimed at studying the variational effect of nonlinear thermal radiation on the flow of Casson nanofluid () through a porous microchannel with entropy generation. The novelty of this investigation includes the incorporation of porous media, nonlinear radiative heat flux, and convective heat transfer at the channel interface into the energy equation, which results in an enhanced analysis for the cooling design and heat transfer of microdevices that utilize nanofluid flow. Particularly, alumina () is considered as the nanoparticles in this blood base fluid due to associated advanced pharmaceutical applications. With dimensionless variables being utilized, the governing equations are minimized to their simplest form. The Chebysev‐based collocation technique was employed to numerically solve the resultant ordinary differential equations with the associated boundary conditions and the impact of flow, thermal, and irreversibility distribution fields are determined through graphs. The findings identified that higher levels of Hartmann number produce the Lorentz force, which limits fluid flow and lowers velocity, the response of nonlinear thermal radiation diminishes the heat transfer rate, and a rise in the Casson parameter also reduces the Bejan number. The results of this research can be used to improve heat transfer performance in biomedical devices, design‐efficient energy conversion cycles, optimize cooling systems, and cover a wide range of energy technologies from renewable energy to aerospace propulsion.
Analysis of Gas Turbine Combustor Exhaust Emissions: Effects of Transient Inlet Air Pressure
Authors: Tenango‐Pirín Oscar , Espinosa Sierra , García Juan Carlos , Rodríguez José Alfredo
Published: December 2023

Gas turbine combustors are often subjected to combustion instabilities because of variability of operating conditions, affecting components, and altering exhaust emissions. Herein, the analysis focuses on simulating numerically the non‐premixed combustion as unsteady flamelet combustion and detailed kinetic mechanism. The goal is analyzing exhaust gases under unsteady inlet airflow conditions to define operation guidelines. The numerical approach is validated using data from the literature for nonperturbed cases. Three periodical perturbations of different amplitude show differences with the nonperturbed case. Besides emission of exhaust gases, the temperature field is sensitive to airflow inlet conditions. According to the simulation results, a strong dependence of temperature and pressure in primary and dilution zones of combustor exists on the inlet air pressure condition. Emissions of flue gases like CO and NOxrespond to combustor thermal behavior showing high sensitivity to inlet air pressure as well. Results indicate that moderate pressure oscillations may derive into flashback effects.
Extended autoantibody panel in Turkish patients with early‐stage systemic sclerosis: Coexpressions and their influences on clinical phenotypes
Authors: Temiz Karadağ Duygu , Komac Andac , Erez Yesim , Birlik Ahmet Merih , Sari Alper , Akdoğan Ali , Farisogullari Bayram , Kimyon Gezmiş , Koc Emrah , Arslan Didem , Karatas Ahmet , Koca Suleyman Serdar , Kasifoglu Nilgün , Yazici Ayten , Hayran Kadir Mutlu , Cefle Ayse
Published: December 2023

Background/Aim

To investigate the frequency and clinical relevance of an extended autoantibody profile in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Materials and Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, serum from 100 consecutive patients was subjected to indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) (HEp‐20‐10/primate liver mosaic) and Systemic Sclerosis Profile by EUROIMMUN to evaluate anti‐nuclear antibodies (ANA) and autoantibodies against 13 different autoantibodies in patients with SSc less than 3 years.

Results

Ninety‐three of 100 patients were positive for ANA by IIF. Fifty‐three patients showed single positivity, 26 anti‐topoisomerase antibodies (anti‐Scl70 ab), 16 anticentromere antibodies (ACAs), six anti‐RNA polymerase III antibodies (anti‐RNAPIII ab), one anti‐Ku antibody, one anti‐PM/Scl100 antibody, two anti‐PM/Scl75 antibodies, one anti‐Ro52 antibody, whereas 32 patients had multiple autoantibody positivities. Among classic SSc‐specific autoantibodies, anti‐Scl70 and anti‐RNAPIII abs showed the highest cooccurrence (n = 4). One patient was simultaneously positive for anti‐RNAPIII ab and ACA, and one was positive for ACA and anti‐Scl70 ab. The clinical features were not statistically different between single and multiple autoantibody‐positivity for classic SSc‐specific autoantibodies (ACA, anti‐Scl70 ab, and anti‐RNAPIII ab), except for digital ulcer in the multiantibody positive ACA group (p = .019).

Conclusion

Based on our results, coexpression of autoantibodies is not uncommon in SSc patients. Although autoantibodies specific to SSc in early disease show generally known clinical features, it remains to be investigated how the coexpression of autoantibodies will affect clinical presentation.
A hub for regulation of mitochondrial metabolism: Fatty acid and lipoic acid biosynthesis
Authors: Dieckmann Carol L.
Published: December 2023

Having evolved from a prokaryotic origin, mitochondria retain pathways required for the catabolism of energy‐rich molecules and for the biosynthesis of molecules that aid catabolism and/or participate in other cellular processes essential for life of the cell. Reviewed here are details of the mitochondrial fatty acid biosynthetic pathway (FAS II) and its role in building both the octanoic acid precursor for lipoic acid biosynthesis (LAS) and longer‐chain fatty acids functioning in chaperoning the assembly of mitochondrial multisubunit complexes. Also covered are the details of mitochondrial lipoic acid biosynthesis, which is distinct from that of prokaryotes, and the attachment of lipoic acid to subunits of pyruvate dehydrogenase, α‐ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and glycine cleavage system complexes. Special emphasis has been placed on presenting what is currently known about the interconnected paths and loops linking the FAS II–LAS pathway and two other mitochondrial realms, the organellar translation machinery and Fe‐S cluster biosynthesis and function.
Age‐specific reference intervals for liver function tests in healthy neonates, infants, and young children in Iran
Authors: Badakhshan Seyede Negin , Ghazizadeh Hamideh , Mohammadi‐Bajgiran Maryam , Esmaily Habibollah , Khorasani Mahdiyeh Yaghooti , Bohn Mary Kathryn , Pashirzad Mehran , Khodabandeh Atieh Kamel , Zadeh Sara Ghazi , Alami‐Arani Iman , Rahimi Hamidreza , Ferns Gordon A. , Boskabadi Hassan , Assaran‐Darban Reza , Adeli Khosrow , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid
Published: December 2023

Background

The reference intervals (RIs) for liver function tests (LFTs) were determined in Iranian children for the first time.

Methods

A total of 344 healthy pediatrics aged 3 days to 30 months old were recruited. Serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, direct bilirubin, and total bilirubin were measured. RIs were determined using CLSI Ep28‐A3 guidelines.

Results

All analytes demonstrated age‐specific differences except AST. ALT and ALP demonstrated significantly elevated levels in infants 0 to <5 months relative to the remainder of the age range. Direct and total bilirubin demonstrated markedly elevated levels in early life with mean of 0.28 mg/dL and 1.64 mg/dL observed for direct and total bilirubin, respectively, decreasing by ~50% in the adjacent partition.

Conclusion

These novel data will help improve the clinical interpretation of biochemical test results in young Iranian neonates and children and can be of value to clinical laboratories with similar populations.
An industrial design of 400 V – 48 V, 98.2% peak efficient charger usingE‐mode GaNtechnology with wide operating ranges for xEV applications
Authors: Narasipuram Rajanand Patnaik , Mopidevi Subbarao
Published: December 2023

This paper offers a wide‐operating range electric vehicle charger design by employing an interleaved inductor–inductor–capacitor iL2C DC–DC converter. It uses two parallel L2C converters with 8‐GaN switches on the primary side and a shared rectifier circuit on the secondary side, which it also enhances the circulating current, conduction losses, and current sharing. For iL2C converter, a constant voltage charging mode of operation is designed, also it proposes a hybrid control scheme of variable frequency + phase shift modulation (VFPSM). The entire concept is designed, simulated, and validated with a rated input voltage and load voltage of three different load conditions with converter line and load regulations are analyzed. To evaluate controller and converter performance, the idea is proven experimentally for variable load condition of full load, half load, light load with a rated input and output voltage of 400Vin–48V0. In addition, line regulation is also performed and validated for wide input voltage application of 300Vin–500 Vinwith an output voltage of 48V0at full load and peak efficiency of 98.2% is determined. Further, to provide the system effectiveness converter efficiencies are presented at various load operations from 3.3 kW to 330 W.
Dermoscopy findings of the axilla of women with frontal fibrosing alopecia
Authors: Munck Andreia , Donati Aline , Machado Carla Jorge , Valente Neusa , Romiti Ricardo
Published: December 2023

Background

Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a form of inflammatory and cicatricial alopecia, presenting concomitantly with rarefaction of eyebrows and body hair. However, the involvement of body hair in FFA is still poorly investigated.

Objectives

To compare the dermoscopy findings of axillary hairs in a group of women with FFA with a group of women without FFA.

Methods

An observational case‐control study was carried out on the dermoscopic findings of the axillary hair in this group of patients with FFA compared to a group of women without FFA, matched by age groups and skin phototypes.

Results

Thirty women with a clinical and histopathological diagnosis of FFA were included in the study. Dermoscopy of the axilla in patients with FFA revealed the presence of axillary hair in 93.3% and all patients had hairless follicular openings. More than one wire per follicular ostium was observed in 70% of the patients and variability in the diameter of the hairs in 83.3% of the cases. Regarding dermoscopic inflammatory signs, a peripillary brownish halo was present in 83.3% of patients, peripillary scaling in 56.7%, diffuse scaling in 63.3% and pigmented network of the epidermis in 73.3% of the cases. When comparing the dermoscopic findings of the axilla of cases with controls, the chance of occurrence of brownish peripillary halos between cases was higher than double the chance of occurrence of these halos among controls (OR = 2.7; 95% CI: 1.1−7.6; p = 0.029). The rest of variables were not statistically associated with the FFA.

Conclusions

Dermoscopy of the axilla in patients with FFA revealed that brownish peripillary halos may be a diagnostic clue for FFA in the axillary region. The dermoscopy findings found in the present study allow characterizing the axillary involvement of patients with FFA and recognize the dermoscopic differences with other dermatoses involving this location.
Systemic pharmacology and bioinformatics: Exploring the modern biological mechanisms of rhubarb in the treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Wang Zihan , Si Weichen , Chen Xingyu , Huang Chen
Published: December 2023

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has the potential to contribute to the treatment of tumor patients. The integration of TCM with fields such as bioinformatics is crucial to gaining insights into the active compounds, target genes, and therapeutic mechanisms of TCM. In this study, our objective was to investigate the active compounds, target genes, and therapeutic mechanisms of rhubarb in the treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) using network pharmacology and bioinformatics approaches. By integrating multiple omics data sources and analysis methods, we identified 37 highly confident rhubarb target genes for the treatment of PTC. Subsequently, six genes (TP53, JUN, ESR1, CDKN1A, TNF, and MYC) were identified as core targets in the protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network. The herb‐component‐target network suggested that β‐sitosterol played a key role in the antitumor effect of rhubarb, while docking analysis revealed that TP53, JUN, and ESR1 were core target genes binding with β‐sitosterol. Additionally, functional annotation implicated that Hepatitis B and P53 signaling were key pathways in the rhubarb therapy for PTC. This study provides insights into the pharmacology of rhubarb and facilitates research on its potential in the treatment of PTC.
Impact of acquisition and modeling parameters on the test–retest reproducibility of edited GABA+
Authors: Hupfeld Kathleen E. , Zöllner Helge J. , Hui Steve C. N. , Song Yulu , Murali‐Manohar Saipavitra , Yedavalli Vivek , Oeltzschner Georg , Prisciandaro James J. , Edden Richard A. E.
Published: December 2023

Literature values vary widely for within‐subject test–retest reproducibility of gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) measured with edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Reasons for this variation remain unclear. Here, we tested whether three acquisition parameters—(1) sequence complexity (two‐experiment MEscher–GArwood Point RESolved Spectroscopy [MEGA‐PRESS] vs. four‐experiment Hadamard Encoding and Reconstruction of MEGA‐Edited Spectroscopy [HERMES]); (2) editing pulse duration (14 vs. 20 ms); and (3) scanner frequency drift (interleaved water referencing [IWR] turned ON vs. OFF)—and two linear combination modeling variations—(1) three different coedited macromolecule models (called “1to1GABA”, “1to1GABAsoft”, and “3to2MM” in the Osprey software package); and (2) 0.55‐ versus 0.4‐ppm spline baseline knot spacing—affected the within‐subject coefficient of variation of GABA + macromolecules (GABA+). We collected edited MRS data from the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex from 20 participants (mean age: 30.8 ± 9.5 years; 10 males). Test and retest scans were separated by removing the participant from the scanner for 5–10 min. Each acquisition consisted of two MEGA‐PRESS and two HERMES sequences with editing pulse durations of 14 and 20 ms (referred to here as MEGA‐14, MEGA‐20, HERMES‐14, and HERMES‐20; all TE = 80 ms, 224 averages). We identified the best test–retest reproducibility following postprocessing with a composite model of the 0.9‐ and 3‐ppm macromolecules (“3to2MM”); this model performed particularly well for the HERMES data. Furthermore, sparser (0.55‐ compared with 0.4‐ppm) spline baseline knot spacing yielded generally better test–retest reproducibility for GABA+. Replicating our prior results, linear combination modeling in Osprey compared with simple peak fitting in Gannet resulted in substantially better test–retest reproducibility. However, reproducibility did not consistently differ for MEGA‐PRESS compared with HERMES, for 14‐ compared with 20‐ms editing pulses, or for IWR‐ON versus IWR‐OFF. These results highlight the importance of model selection for edited MRS studies of GABA+, particularly for clinical studies that focus on individual patient differences in GABA+ or changes following an intervention.
H∞ dynamic observer design for a class of Lipschitz nonlinear discrete‐time systems with time varying delays
Authors: Naami Ghali , Ouahi Mohamed
Published: December 2023

This study explores the development of  dynamic observer (HDO) for discrete‐time nonlinear systems (DTNLS) with time‐varying delay (TVD) and disturbances. The approach is to construct an augmented Lyapunov–Krasovskii function (LKF) with double summation terms, using the generalized reciprocally convex matrix inequality (GRCMI), as well as the Jensen‐based inequality (JBI) and the Wirtinger‐based inequality (WBI). These lead to less conservative time‐dependent conditions, represented as a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) that can be efficiently solved using the LMI or YALMIP toolboxes. In addition, the proposed observer includes the widely used proportional observer (PO) and proportional integral observer (PIO) as specific cases. Two examples are presented to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the results.
Cell Type Catalog of Middle Turbinate Epithelium (Cell Catalog of Turbinate Epithelium)
Authors: Mathews Fasil , Tung Victoria Sook Keng , Foronjy Robert , Boruk Marina , Knowles James A. , Evgrafov Oleg V.
Published: December 2023

Objective

Single‐cell RNA‐sequencing of middle turbinate mucosa was performed to create the first single‐cell transcriptome catalog of this part of the human body.

Study Design

Basic science research.

Setting

Single center, tertiary care center.

Methods

Samples were obtained from the head of the middle turbinate from a healthy volunteer. After the specimen was prepared per lab protocol, cells were dissociated, resuspended, and counted. Single‐cell libraries were then prepared according to the 10x Genomics protocol and sequenced using NovaSeq 6000 (Illumina). Sequencing data were processed using Cell Ranger, and clustering and gene expression analysis was performed using Seurat. Cell types were annotated through expression profiling of single cells using known markers and data from other single‐cell studies.

Results

Fourteen unique cell types were identified, including serous, goblet, club, basal, ciliated, endothelial, and mesenchymal cells, as well as multiple types of blood cells.

Conclusion

This catalog provides a comprehensive depiction of the cellular composition of middle turbinate mucosa. By uncovering the cellular stratification of gene expression profiles in the healthy middle turbinate epithelium, the groundwork has been laid for further investigation into the molecular pathogenesis and targeted therapy of sinonasal disease.
Association Between Retinal Pathology and Hearing in Older Adults
Authors: Sayyid Zahra N. , Akbar Armaan F. , Jiang Kening , Pogson Jacob M. , Andresen Nicholas S. , Deal Jennifer A. , Ward Bryan K.
Published: December 2023

We investigated the association between retinal microvascular changes and hearing loss based on the hypothesis that both may result from shared microvascular pathology. Data from 536 older adults from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2005 to 2006 including sociodemographic and health characteristics, pure‐tone hearing thresholds, and retinal pathologies were collected and analyzed. Associations between retinal and hearing pathologies were modeled with multivariable‐adjusted linear regressions. 75% of participants had hearing loss and 15% of participants had retinopathy. The association between retinopathy, microaneurysms, and blot hemorrhages with better speech‐frequency pure tone average was −2.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −5.72 to 0.10), −4.75 (95% CI: −8.73 to −0.78), and −5.34 (95% CI: −8.68 to −2.00), respectively. The presence of retinopathy, microaneurysms, and blot hemorrhages was inversely associated with hearing loss. Further studies are needed to better understand the potential relationship between microvascular pathologies of the eye and ear.
Network connectivity between psychological resilience and depression in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Sharpley Christopher F. , Arnold Wayne M. , Christie David R. H. , Bitsika Vicki
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Prostate cancer (PCa) patients often experience depression. One possible buffer against stress‐related depression is psychological resilience (PR), which has been described as heterogeneous in structure, like major depressive disorder (MDD). Although both of these constructs are central to understanding and assisting distressed PCa patients, no data have been reported on how they connect via network arrays at a component and symptom level. Such information has the potential to inform clinical practice with depressed PCa patients.

Methods

Using a cross‐sectional design, 555 PCa patients completed the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) and the Connor–Davison Resilience Scale (CDRISC). Data were analysed via network analysis.

Results

Network analysis indicated that various CDRISC factors interacted with different PHQ‐9 symptoms. For example, trust in one's instincts, tolerance of negative affect, and strengthening effects of stress (CDRISC) was associated with concentration problems and suicidal ideation (PHQ‐9); positive acceptance of change, and secure relationships (CDRISC) was linked to low self‐worth, anhedonia, fatigue/lethargy, motor problems, depressed mood, and concentration and appetite problems (PHQ‐9). Similarly heterogeneous associations were found between individual CDRISC items and PHQ‐9 symptoms. Network analytic figures depict both these sets of associations.

Conclusions

As well as confirming the heterogeneous nature of PR and MDD in PCa patients, these findings argue for the further development of ‘individualised’ medicine approaches when working with PCa patients and their experiences of depression.
Stability and guaranteed cost control for linear impulsive systems with random impulses: Application to stochastic event‐triggered control
Authors: Luo Shixian , Zhong Qinghua , Jiang Yan , Deng Feiqi , Hu Zhipei
Published: December 2023

This paper proposes a systematic framework for stability and guaranteed cost control of linear impulsive systems subject to random time‐ and event‐triggering impulses. Moment stability criteria and design methods of time‐ and event‐triggered controllers with guaranteed quadratic performance for the impulsive system are established. It shows that the proposed event‐triggered controller in the sense that it guarantees at least the same quadratic performance function bound as the designed time‐triggered guaranteed cost controller, however, with a larger, or at most equal, average inter‐transmission time. Based on the proposed framework of random‐impulses systems, a stochastic dynamic event‐triggered control strategy is proposed to solve sampled‐data control systems in the presents of sporadic measurements or stochastic sampling. Numerical simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical results.
Biomolecular Corona of Gold Nanoparticles: The Urgent Need for Strong Roots to Grow Strong Branches
Authors: Boselli Luca , Castagnola Valentina , Armirotti Andrea , Benfenati Fabio , Pompa Pier Paolo
Published: December 2023

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are largely employed in diagnostics/biosensors and are among the most investigated nanomaterials in biology/medicine. However, few GNP‐based nanoformulations have received FDA approval to date, and promising in vitro studies have failed to translate to in vivo efficacy. One key factor is that biological fluids contain high concentrations of proteins, lipids, sugars, and metabolites, which can adsorb/interact with the GNP's surface, forming a layer called biomolecular corona (BMC). The BMC can mask prepared functionalities and target moieties, creating new surface chemistry and determining GNPs’ biological fate. Here, the current knowledge is summarized on GNP‐BMCs, analyzing the factors driving these interactions and the biological consequences. A partial fingerprint of GNP‐BMC analyzing common patterns of composition in the literature is extrapolated. However, a red flag is also risen concerning the current lack of data availability and regulated form of knowledge on BMC. Nanomedicine is still in its infancy, and relying on recently developed analytical and informatic tools offers an unprecedented opportunity to make a leap forward. However, a restart through robust shared protocols and data sharing is necessary to obtain “stronger roots”. This will create a path to exploiting BMC for human benefit, promoting the clinical translation of biomedical nanotools.