bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of nanocomposites comprising starch and bismuth (III) oxide: An exploration of their viability as substitute materials for shielding high-energy radiation
Authors: Körpınar Berna , Akat Hakan , ÇAM Nebiye Füsun , Canbaz Öztürk Buket
Published: February 2025

This research focused on investigating the radiation shielding and thermal characteristics of composite materials created by varying the ratios of Bi2O3 and starch. Various composite formulations were developed by blending Bi2O3 powder with starch in ratios of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. Linear attenuation coefficients of these composites were valued using a NaI(Tl) gamma spectrometry system. Additionally, theoretical calculations were performed using the XCOM platform and GAMOS simulation, incorporating fundamental composite analysis, and these results were compared with empirical data. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed distinct diffraction peaks in Bi2O3 powder, and its pore size distribution exhibited favorable characteristics. Considering the morphological properties of the nanocomposites, it was observed that Bi2O3 in the starch matrix did not undergo agglomeration and even formed homogeneous structures. Examination of the thermal degradation profiles of the samples indicated a significant overlap between the remaining ash quantities and the mass percentages of the prepared samples. The measured experimental linear attenuation coefficient results were ranged from 0.147 ± 0.023 cm−1 to 0.267 ± 0.107 cm−1 for 662 keV, from 0.119 ± 0.007 cm−1 to 0.165 ± 0.021 cm−1 for 1173 keV, and from 0.111 ± 0.015 cm−1 to 0.152 ± 0.040 cm−1 for 1332 keV for starch-Bi2O3 nanocomposites. Notably, the most effective shielding material among the studied samples was found to be a combination of starch and 50% Bi2O3.
Effects of Telerehabilitation-Based Core and Scapular Stabilization Training in Young Adults With Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ayan Hatice , Kara Bilge , Erbayraktar R. Serhat
Published: February 2025

Although chronic neck pain (CNP) is associated with impairments in balance, the effects of muscle stabilization training are unknown. In this study, we compared the effects of core stabilization (CS) and scapular stabilization (SS) training via telerehabilitation on balance, functionality, pain, and depression in young adults with CNP. In this two-armed, randomized controlled study, we assigned 41 participants with CNP to either a CS ( n = 21) or SS ( n = 20) group. Both groups underwent stabilization training via telerehabilitation for eight weeks. We evaluated postural stability (PS), limits of stability (LOS), functionality (Neck Disability Index), pain (Visual Analog Scale), and depression (Beck Depression Inventory). Time × Group interactions were significant on VAS, NDI, PS overall, LOS overall, LOS forward, LOS backward, and LOS right ( p < .05). Both groups showed significant improvements over time. However, the SS group demonstrated significantly greater improvements than the CS group in VAS ( p < .001) and NDI ( p = .001). On the other hand, the CS group showed significantly greater improvements in PS overall, as well as in various measures of LOS, including overall, forward, backward, and right ( p < .05). While both groups showed significant improvements, there were notable differences between them. These findings suggest that SS training is more effective in pain management and functional improvement, while CS training has a stronger impact on balance and stability in young adults with CNP.
Defensive for whom: The valuation of users and uses in public space design in Gothenburg, Sweden
Authors: Molnar Stefan , de Fine Licht Karl
Published: February 2025

Defensive urban design, also known as hostile or exclusionary design, refers to the deliberate or incidental use of design elements to obstruct or exclude certain users from public spaces. This article explores the valuation processes involved in defensive urban design, focusing on Brunnsparken, a city square in Gothenburg, Sweden. Using a valuation studies framework, we investigate how different stakeholders assess and assign value to users and uses during the redesign process. Our study reveals that defensive urban design is not solely about exclusion but represents a spectrum of valuations, involving both positive and negative assessments that shift throughout different stages of urban redevelopment. This complexity shapes the governance of public spaces and challenges the simplistic notion that defensive design exclusively targets marginalised groups. By examining these nuanced processes, we contribute to a broader understanding of the moral and social implications of defensive urban design, highlighting its capacity to simultaneously foster inclusion and exclusion. Our findings underscore the need for thoughtful approaches to public space design that can balance diverse user needs and promote equitable urban environments.
Framing urban living lab as a multi-dimensional knowledge model: Experiences from Shenzhen Overseas Chinese Town Wetland Park
Authors: Shen Zijing , Qian Junxi , Zhu Hong , Tian Shuang
Published: February 2025

Urban living labs (ULLs) have an experimental and transformative approach towards urban sustainability. Engaging with existing literature on two fields of research in which ULLs figure prominently, namely environmental governance and sustainability transition, this article rethinks hierarchical and institutional perspectives of ULL knowledge co-production that highlight the upscaling of policy models and institutions to achieve social relevance and efficacy. In contrast, this study highlights individual participants who join the ULL incidentally and voluntarily, as well as their embodied and lived knowledge produced in situ in forms of cognitive and behavioural changes. By unfolding the opinions and actions of visitors and volunteers involved in the Shenzhen Overseas Chinese Town Wetland Park, this article reframes ULLs as multi-dimensional knowledge models consisting of multi-actors and plural forms of knowledge.
Association Between Physical Function and Edentulism in Older Adults: Findings from the Indonesian Family Life Survey 2014
Authors: Prihastuti Rieski , Hinode Daisuke , Fukui Makoto , Rodis Omar M. M. , Matsuka Yoshizo
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to determine the association between physical function and edentulism among older adults. The fifth wave of Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS-5) data was used. Physical function was evaluated through physical performance, physical capability, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM). Edentulous was found in 10.96% of 2554 older adults. Low physical performance (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.32-3.09; P = .001) was shown to be associated with edentulism in the 60 to 69 age group. In the 70 to 79 age group, both low physical performance (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.04-2.53; P = .033) and 1 dependency in ADL/IADL (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.02-2.98; P = .04) were significantly associated with edentulism. Two or more dependencies in ADL/IADL (OR 4.02, 95% CI 1.15-13.99; P = .029) demonstrated significant association with edentulism in older adults ≥80 years. These findings highlighted the importance of maintaining natural teeth and improving oral health during the aging process.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of a Latent Tuberculosis Screening Program Among Healthcare Personnel
Authors: Yasaratna Niludi Ranwanee , Weerasinghe Manuj Chrishantha
Published: February 2025

Screening high-risk groups for Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) is crucial for TB elimination, as the large global reservoir of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli poses a significant challenge to TB control globally. Assessing the cost-effectiveness of LTBI screening strategies is also crucial in determining the optimal approach. In 2022, Sri Lanka initiated a new program to manage latent tuberculosis infection among high-risk groups, including healthcare personnel, which recorded an 18% Latent Tuberculosis prevalence. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of implementing a screening program for Healthcare Personnel as part of this initiative in Sri Lanka. A decision tree model was developed to assess the cost-effectiveness of LTBI screening among Healthcare Personnel from the health system perspective, using secondary data from 2021 to 2022. The decision tree model was used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of initiating LTBI screening for Healthcare Personnel in government hospitals. The findings are presented as the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER), compared to locally appropriate cost-effectiveness thresholds. The direct costs incurred for the standard LTBI tests and prophylaxis were assessed at the program level. The ICER represents the incremental cost of LTBI screening per Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) gained by preventing future active TB cases through treatment of latent TB infection. The total cost for managing an active TB case was $80.44, markedly higher than the $20.84 cost for a Latent TB case. The total cost difference between managing an active TB case and a Latent TB case was $59.60. The Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio was $2381.29 per Disability Adjusted Life Year averted. The decision analysis model indicated that screening Healthcare Personnel for latent tuberculosis infection is highly cost-effective and can be recommended for implementation in Sri Lanka.
Gendering the memory of iron: Theft, lineage, and African metallurgists in the Atlantic world
Authors: Goucher Candice
Published: February 2025

In the 1980s, the archaeologist Merrick Posnansky implored Africa-trained scholars to investigate the Caribbean and use their training to reframe the construction of the African diasporic experience. This paper is based on research that responded to Posnansky’s challenge. Employing archaeology, community-based fieldwork, oral traditions, gender analysis, and archival sources on both sides of the Atlantic, the paper explores the history of African metallurgy, including the author’s personal research experiences in West Africa and the Caribbean. It argues for incorporating the knowledge and skills of African people into a global history of iron technology. It demonstrates how the spatial and social characteristics of iron smelting and refinement have implications for the unfolding of late eighteenth-century forging in Jamaica and industrial growth in other parts of the Atlantic world. While ideas and knowledge operated in the meanings and metaphors found within both material and unseen realms, the eventual reconceptualization of this intertwined past must remain grounded in claims that can be supported by evidence. Connecting kitchens and crucibles, the study argues for an extended family of technological history. Just as understanding the global history of iron production requires attention to Africa, the inverse is simultaneously true: Africa and its history are firmly integrated in global history, including the history of the industrial revolution.
Consensus on topics related to defining the functional definition of deafblindness in the Netherlands: A Delphi study
Authors: Heppe Eline CM , Bak Michelle , Klomp Ulrika , Smits Marleen , Damen Saskia
Published: February 2025

In the Netherlands, access to deafblind-specific rehabilitation and education is often based on medical definitions for vision impairment and for hearing loss. However, not everyone with deafblindness (DB) meets these definitions because DB is not solely a result of limitations in bodily functions and structures, but also of limitations in daily functioning. Therefore, using a functional definition that describes a disability in terms of its impact on daily functioning, alongside the medical definitions, would be better suited for determining who needs access to deafblind-specific support. However, such a definition did not yet exist in the Netherlands. To develop a functional definition of DB, consensus among experts (experts-with-lived-experience and experts-with-working-experience) on how to define DB was needed. To investigate the consensus of experts, a Delphi study was conducted, in which 45 Dutch experts participated. The study consisted of a questionnaire with 30 multiple-choice statements on eight topics related to defining DB. After three rounds, consensus was reached on 24 of the 30 multiple-choice statements. These results were used in a follow-up process in which the Dutch functional definition of DB was developed.
Investigating the enabling factors for effective blended learning in Bangladesh
Authors: Jannat Nipa Nymatul , Hoque Md. Rakibul
Published: February 2025

Blended learning has sharply increased in Bangladesh due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In blended learning, attaining the expected effectiveness is challenging and necessitates the identification of the factors that affect its efficiency. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the significant factors in effective blended learning in Bangladesh. After thoroughly examining existing literature, this paper introduces a new theoretical model to facilitate effective blended learning. The data were gathered from 303 university students in Bangladesh. We used random sampling for data collection and the structural equation modeling (SEM) for data analysis. The study identifies that students’ motivation, satisfaction, knowledge construction, and performance directly influence the effectiveness of blended learning. Besides, it reveals the significant but indirect association of attitude, computer self-efficacy, social support, interaction, and technology quality with the efficacy of blended learning. We suggest that using good technological tools and providing social support can enhance students’ motivation, satisfaction, and knowledge construction. The findings are valuable to achieving Sustainable Development Goals 4, 12 and 13.
Do Emotion Regulation and Empathic Concern Moderate the Association Between Dark Triad Traits and Intimate Partner Violence?
Authors: Cascardi Michele , Chesin Megan S. , Fuchs Danielle
Published: February 2025

Psychological, physical, and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) is prevalent among college-aged emerging adults (aged 18–29 years). Aggressive and dark triad personality traits have been linked to an increased risk of IPV, yet this approach does not identify modifiable risk factors. This study extends current research on personality traits and IPV by testing modifiable factors, namely, emotion regulation and empathic concern, that may alter the association of dark triad traits with psychological, physical, and sexual IPV. College students ( N = 554) in a dating relationship for more than 2 weeks completed an online survey. Participants self-identified as Black (22.9%), Latinx (40.6%), and White (34.8%); a majority identified as women (74.1%). Results showed that low empathic concern intensified the association between dark triad traits and psychological and physical IPV. Individuals relatively high on dark triad traits are thus more likely to engage in monitoring a partner, dictating their activities or appearance, or hitting them when they also exhibit low empathy. Emotion regulation also moderated the relationship between dark triad traits and psychological IPV, but not for physical or sexual IPV. Emotion regulation, however, was a significant correlate of physical IPV, suggesting this type of IPV may be related to both emotion dysregulation and intentional efforts to control a partner. In contrast, emotion regulation and dark triad traits were independently linked to sexual IPV, suggesting sexual IPV may be driven by different mechanisms such as opportunistic or exploitative tendencies, factors that are less influenced by empathy. Results emphasize targeting empathic concern and emotion regulation to reduce IPV risk among those high in dark triad traits.
Multiple Group Membership and Trust Protect Against Distress in the Context of Unwanted Sexual Experiences at a Youth Mass Gathering
Authors: Foran Aoife-Marie , Cruwys Tegan , Rathbone Joanne A. , Ferris Laura J. , Jetten Jolanda , McMahon Grace , Manunta Efisio , Whelan Éadaoin , Muldoon Orla T.
Published: February 2025

Research suggests that belonging to multiple groups and trust separately mitigate psychological distress in response to adversity. However, their combined influence, particularly over time, in the context of unwanted sexual experiences during mass gatherings has not been fully explored. To advance our understanding, we investigated whether multiple group membership prior to a youth mass gathering was associated with lower psychological distress, and if trust in friends at the mass gathering (i.e., ingroup trust) explained this relationship among young people who either reported or did not report an unwanted sexual experience. Drawing on data from a longitudinal field study of young people attending a mass gathering, Schoolies ( N = 97), we assessed participants’ multiple group memberships prior to the mass gathering (T1) and measured ingroup trust and psychological distress during the mass gathering (T2). Our findings revealed that 64.9% of participants reported unwanted sexual experiences at the mass gathering. Among those who reported unwanted sexual experiences, moderated mediation analysis indicated that belonging to multiple groups at T1 was associated with greater ingroup trust at T2, which in turn was linked to lower psychological distress at T2. This study provides evidence that multiple group membership may provide important psychological resources necessary for protecting against psychological distress following unwanted sexual experiences. Further, it highlights how group memberships might be thought of as latent psychological resources in the context of adverse experiences.
Effects of Pattern-Reversal Visual Stimulation on Brain Activity in Migraineurs and General Population
Authors: Shirahige Lívia , Nogueira Fernanda , Melo Lorena , Ungureanu Ruxandra , Rocha Sérgio , Brito Rodrigo , Mendonça Thyciane , de Farias Abelardo , Rodrigues de Araújo Maria das Graças , Piscitelli Daniele , Monte-Silva Kátia
Published: February 2025

Background

A better understanding of migraine pathophysiology through standardized methods could facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic approaches for migraine sufferers. However, neurophysiological studies with migraine sufferers present larger variability, as most contain only a single measurement.

Objective

This observational study aimed to compare the cortical and visual excitability of migraine sufferers, individuals with other types of headaches, and healthy participants in response to pattern-reversal visual stimulation.

Methods

Fifty-nine individuals were classified by a neurologist into the following groups: (i) migraineurs (n = 25); (ii) other types of headaches (n = 23); (iii) healthy (n = 11). Habituation during pattern-reversal visual stimulation was assessed by visual evoked potentials. Visual and motor cortex excitability were evaluated before and after pattern-reversal visual stimulation.

Results

We found no intergroup differences in motor and visual excitability measures after pattern-reversal visual stimulation. Compared to the healthy group, migraineurs and individuals with other types of headaches displayed a reduction in phosphene threshold after pattern-reversal visual stimulation. Additionally, an increase in visual cortical excitability in these groups was also observed. Lastly, the habituation in individuals with migraines and other types of headaches was lower compared to healthy individuals. Therefore, the lack of habituation may not be exclusively associated with the pathophysiological mechanisms of migraine.

Conclusion

Individuals who experience headaches, including migraineurs, have an increased visual cortical excitability in response to visual stimuli. This finding is promising for guiding future neurophysiological research to identify cortical biomarkers in migraineurs and in other types of headaches.
Wear prediction and reliability analysis of main bearing under multi-source uncertainties
Authors: Xu Zhaohui , Cui Yi , Gao Lining , Liu Shuo , Zhang Bohong , Qiao Xinqi
Published: February 2025

The main bearing wear is often affected by multi-source uncertainties, which also challenges the prediction of bearing wear. In this paper, a method of main bearing wear prediction and reliability analysis under multi-source uncertainties is proposed. Firstly, the multi-flexible body friction dynamics model of the main bearing is established, in which the mixed lubrication behavior of the main bearing is described by the average Reynolds equation and Greenwood-Tripp rough contact theory. Then, based on Latin hypercube sampling, the sample data of the key uncertainties of the main bearing are obtained and substituted into the multi-flexible body friction dynamics model, thus the wear data of the main bearing are obtained, and the distribution characteristics of the wear of the main bearing are obtained through statistics. Finally, the relationship between multi-source uncertainties and wear data is established based on the surrogate model, and the reliability data and lifespan of the main bearing are obtained based on the interference theory. Through the analysis, it is found that: (1) The maximum cyclic wear depth of the flexible body model is about 2.81 times that of the rigid body model. (2) The calculation error of the main bearing wear prediction surrogate model is about 10%. (3) The maximum cyclic wear depth under multi-source uncertainties satisfies the three-parameter Weibull distribution. (4) Under the influence of multi-source uncertainty, the B10 life of main bearing is 1.64 × 104 h.
Investigating the improvement of heat transfer and flow characteristics of hybrid nanofluids: A comprehensive review
Authors: Khalatbari Sara , Jalili Payam , Jalili Bahram , Ganji Davood Domiri
Published: February 2025

In recent decades, hybrid nanofluids have garnered significant attention from researchers as a dynamic and innovative research area. These fluids, which combine nanoparticles with base fluids, are notable for their exceptional properties like high thermal conductivity and stability, making them valuable for various applications, including electronics cooling, automotive industries, and solar thermal systems. This advanced review rigorously assesses the latest research on hybrid nanofluids, shedding light on unique insights into their thermophysical properties and design approaches. The first section of the article summarizes existing research based on experimental studies, emphasizing techniques such as thermal conductivity measurement and viscosity analysis. The subsequent sections explore numerical and analytical investigations using methods like the finite element method, finite difference method, and finite volume method, alongside analytical approaches like the homotopy analysis method, Akbari–Ganji method, and homotopy perturbation method to assess heat transfer performance and efficiency. Concrete findings from the literature review indicate significant improvements in heat transfer efficiency, with reported enhancements of up to 35%. Finally, the existing challenges with these hybrid nanofluids, such as stability and dispersion, are highlighted, providing insights for future research directions in optimizing hybrid nanofluids for various thermal applications.
Modified circular curve-based impact angle control guidance
Authors: Li Xiangxiang , Chen Wanchun , Chen Zhongyuan , Shi Heng
Published: February 2025

To plan the path for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) considering the impact angle and acceleration constraints, a novel geometric rule is proposed in this paper. Firstly, under the nonlinear engagement kinematics, the geometric rule is derived from the modified circular curve including two parameters, one for the convergence of the acceleration, the other for extending the flight envelope. Furthermore, the convergence of the nominal guidance law developed from the geometric rule is rigorously proved. Secondly, to eliminate the angle tracking error regardless of the initial error size, a fixed-time convergent controller is adopted to formulate the impact angle control guidance law. Moreover, the implementation of the proposed guidance law only requires angle information, which can be readily obtained by the on-board device. The proposed guidance law is also applicable for varying-speed UAVs and moving targets. The simulation results and the comparative studies demonstrate the validity and superiority of the proposed guidance law.
Hysteria in empathy: Understanding virtual companionship and emotional connection between humans and Al
Authors: Guo Minling , Liu Zhiming
Published: February 2025

Increasing numbers of people tend to seek relationships with artificial intelligence (AI) because of its comprehensive mastery of knowledge. This research reveals that ChatGPT has become a temporary refuge for individuals encountering real-life emotional crises. The communicative affordance of human–AI conversation is featured by logos-centrism, pursuing the identity of language and essence between humans and technology. Grounded in Lacanian discourse theory, this research argues that the psychological and discursive dynamics behind human–AI dialogue entail a structure of the hysteric’s discourse, which stems from the questioning users fantasizing and interrogating the GPT as a master of knowledge. Also, capitalist discourse is revealed during the repetitive AI companionship that empowers users with the agency of controlling the dialogue and the user’s primordial lack of desire is transformed into a demand that can be resolved through consumption. GPT may become a consumer product of technological capital, while the emotional needs of individuals are commodified within these discursive structures.
Distinctive cerebral small vessel disease patterns are associated with ischemic stroke in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Silva Guilherme D , Vieira Germana T , Rimkus Carolina de M , Neves Yuki Emily F , Azevedo Raymundo S , Tinone Gisela , Pereira Rosa MR , Conforto Adriana B
Published: February 2025

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) increases the risk of ischemic stroke (IS) and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) through a unique interplay of cardiovascular and immune-mediated mechanisms. There is an unmet need of predictors of IS risk and of characterization of the distinctive features of CSVD in patients with SLE.

Objectives

To assess if CSVD is more extensive in patients with SLE and ischemic stroke (IS+) than in those without (IS-); to identify distinctive neuroimaging features of CSVD in patients with SLE.

Methods

This observational study, conducted at an academic referral center in São Paulo, Brazil, included SLE patients who underwent brain MRI between 2010 and 2021. Two neuroradiologists, blinded to clinical data, reached a consensus on the summary CSVD score, that consists of microbleeds, lacunes of presumed vascular origin, enlarged perivascular spaces, and white matter hyperintensities of presumed vascular origin. Logistic regression was performed with IS as the dependent variable.

Results

We included 106 patients, 53 IS+ and 53 IS- (median age: 41; interquartile range, 34;51 years; 92% women). The summary CSVD score was independently associated with the IS + group (OR 3.83, 95% CI 1.73 – 9.87, p = 0.002), even after adjusting for age, hypertension, secondary antiphospholipid syndrome, and use of antimalarial drugs. Microbleeds predominated in cortical regions (23/24, 92%), lacunes in the basal ganglia (10/16, 63%) and white matter hyperintensities in the deep white matter (47/59, 80%).

Conclusion

CSVD was more frequent in IS+ than in IS-, highlighting the need for prospective studies in SLE to test CSVD as a biomarker of IS risk. Microbleeds predominated in the cortical region, different from reports of age-related and hypertension-associated CSVD.
EXPRESS: Enhancing Attraction Experiences through Home Sharing: Evidence from Customer Review Analytics
Authors: Xie Karen , Liu Jianwei
Published: February 2025

Customer experiences largely define the success of service operations. As home sharing continues to change how consumers travel and penetrate local markets, we study the impact of home sharing on customer experiences at local travel attractions. Our empirical strategy hinges on the staggered rollout of home sharing across attractions at times. We first find that home sharing positively affects customer experiences at attractions. Using large-scale property-level customer reviews, we then trace down individual review-level content features describing host support that can explain the impact of home sharing on attraction experiences. Specifically, the mechanism centers on local travel support from hosts who provide saving tips, share attraction knowledge, and facilitate travel planning while consumers stay at their home sharing properties. We further explore the intriguing heterogeneity of home sharing impact, unveiling the unintended consequence of overtourism, especially at nationally renowned attractions and during peak season. Finally and fortunately, host support manifests to mitigate the negative impact of home sharing and remains a potential solution to address overtourism. Collectively, these findings add evidence to the sophisticated roles of home sharing in local markets and provide timely implications on customer experience management to service operation practitioners and attraction stakeholders.
Homelessness and First-Episode Psychosis: An Integrative Review
Authors: Lewczyk Jessica
Published: February 2025

Background:

About 115,000 young people in the United States experience a first episode of psychosis (FEP) annually. FEP is associated with functional decline and long-term executive functioning impairment. Schizophrenia is a risk factor for homelessness with up to 20% of individuals diagnosed experiencing homelessness. Homelessness conveys many burdens including higher rates of victimization, incarceration, and substance use. The intersection of homelessness and FEP represents a uniquely vulnerable population undergoing the compounding effects of two highly stigmatizing burdensome experiences that negatively impact health outcomes, treatment engagement, and life expectancy.

Aims:

This study reviews the literature to explore what is currently known about the impacts of homelessness on individuals with FEP, knowledge gaps, directions for research, and recommendations for action.

Methods:

An integrative review was conducted in April 2023 with APAPsychInfo, APAPsychArticle, Medline, and CINAHL.

Results:

This is the first known review to examine available literature on homelessness and FEP. Current literature examines aspects of FEP and homelessness, but not the likely compounding and interacting relationships between multiple variables. Although the associations among variables such as FEP, homelessness, substance use, legal involvement, family involvement, and treatment engagement have not been studied, the literature available may be suggestive of a compounding negative effect on FEP outcomes.

Conclusion:

FEP programs should define homelessness, report rates of homelessness, and conduct research examining the compounding effects of homelessness and FEP as well as other factors like race and ethnicity. Research and policy should support housing interventions for homeless individuals to improve treatment engagement and health outcomes.
Concurrent Tumor-Treating Fields and Chemoradiotherapy: Outcomes in Grade 4 Glioma Patients
Authors: Li Jintan , Tao Jincheng , Lu Hongyu , Fan Xiao , Wang Zhichao , Wang Yingyi , Wang Xiefeng , Yan Wei , You Yongping , Cao Yuandong , Zhang Junxia
Published: February 2025

Background:

Surgical intervention, complemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide, constitutes the conventional treatment protocol for patients with newly diagnosed grade 4 glioma. We have conducted a research to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an integrated treatment regimen that incorporates tumor-treating fields with concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

Methods:

This retrospective research analyzed the clinical data of 39 adults who were newly diagnosed with World Health Organization (WHO) grade 4 gliomas at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, between February 2022 and April 2023. Each participant received a concurrent treatment regimen consisting of temozolomide (75 mg/m2 daily), tumor-treating fields (200 kHz), and brain irradiation (60 Gy delivered in 30 fractions). Maintenance treatment comprised ongoing temozolomide and tumor-treating fields. Adverse events were documented in accordance with the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0 (CTCAE 5.0) and specific grading criteria for dermatological adverse events associated with tumor-treating fields.

Results:

Among the 39 enrolled patients, disease progression was observed in 22 individuals (56.4%), with a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 14.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.1-14.3 months). The median overall survival (OS) was 18.2 months (95% CI: 17.3 months to not reached). Patients diagnosed with glioblastoma had a median PFS of 13.1 months (95% CI: 12.9-14.2 months) and a median OS of 18.2 months (95% CI: 17.3 months to not reached). In contrast, patients diagnosed with astrocytoma had a median PFS of 14.3 months (95% CI: 12.8 months to not reached) and a median OS of 17.0 months (95% CI: 10.6 months to not reached). Twenty-five patients (64.1%) experienced dermatological adverse events, and 30 (77.0%) experienced mild hematological adverse reactions related to chemoradiotherapy.

Conclusion:

The application of tumor-treating fields concurrent with post-surgery chemoradiotherapy is both safe and effective for treating patients with newly diagnosed WHO grade 4 gliomas, exhibiting only limited toxicity.
Ambition in popular business practitioner-oriented discourse: What the heck are we talking about?
Authors: Shadnam Masoud , Keim Charles , Orel Marko
Published: February 2025

The term ambition and its derivatives, such as ambitions, ambitious, and unambitious, constitute a commonly used set of signifiers in business practitioner-oriented discourse. Despite this wide currency, researchers have yet to interrogate the concept of ambition and explore the various ways that it figures in business discourse. In this article, we take an interpretive, grounded theory approach to bring to light the intricate meanings and workings of ambition in three top-ranked practitioner-oriented business journals from 2010 to 2019. Our findings reveal that ambition is positioned within four different constellations of meaning. We identify and outline the salient features of these four constellations to show how ambition is understood in different communicative contexts and connected with varying regimes of managerial prescription. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of these findings for management learning in particular and management and organization studies in general.
Illness perceptions among individuals with endometriosis and their longitudinal associations with psychological distress and pain
Authors: Moore Chloe , Cogan Nicola , Williams Lynn
Published: February 2025

This study examined the illness perceptions held by individuals living with endometriosis, and their associations with psychological distress and chronic pain, over time. At baseline, 408 participants provided demographic and clinical information and completed measures of illness perceptions, anxiety and depression, and pain. One-year later, 283 of these participants completed the same measures again. Results showed that participants held largely negative perceptions of their endometriosis, perceiving adverse consequences, enduring timeline, and negative emotional representations of their condition. Additionally, participants felt a lack of personal control over the condition. Multiple regression analyses (controlling for demographics, clinical factors, and baseline levels of the outcome variables) showed that illness perceptions do not predict anxiety and depression at 12-month follow-up. However, the perception of illness timeline did significantly predict pain intensity at follow-up.
20 years since Section 28: An examination of the non-mandatory status of LGBT curricular inclusion in English primary schools
Authors: Lecuyer Arabeth
Published: February 2025

Over 20 years have passed since the repeal of Section 28, the UK government’s legislation banning any teaching which could be seen to ‘promote homosexuality’. Within these two decades, there have been significant legislative shifts concerning equality in education. And yet, national policy still frames LGBT content in the curriculum as an exception. In the current Relationships Education (RE) guidance, primary schools are still able to decide whether it is appropriate to include LGBT content in their teaching and must consult with parents on the content of the RE curriculum. This article looks at the RE curriculum, alongside interview and questionnaire data from primary teachers and school workers, to understand how it represents both change and continuity from the past of Section 28. The findings of this article suggest that though some schools did include LGBT content in RE, the allowances for absenting LGBT content, and the requirements to consult with parents, have allowed for its continued absence in many schools.
Experimental investigation and analytical modeling of shear behavior at UHPC-NC interfaces in wet joints of precast assembly piers
Authors: Yin Shujun , Zhou Mi , Zhao Xiaonan , Ma Lei
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the shear properties of ultrahigh performance concrete (UHPC) wet joints through direct shear tests on UHPC flat joint specimens. Four sets of specimens were designed with varying levels of constrained normal stress. The results showed that all specimens exhibited brittle shear damage near the UHPC-NC interface. The application of 1 MPa, 2 MPa and 3 MPa constrained normal stress increased the shear strength by 103.4%, 184.4%, and 272.3%, respectively, compared to the unconstrained specimen. An analytical model is proposed to quantitatively describe the shear stress-slip behavior of the UHPC-NC interface under various levels of constrained normal stress, accompanied by a calculation formula for its characteristic points. The model links normal stress, stiffness, roughness, and defines shear curve descent., allowing for reliable prediction of the shear stress-slip relationship of the UHPC-NC interface. Furthermore, a validated finite element model using ABAQUS software was developed, which aligned with analytical results and further strengthened the reliability of the proposed model. The results suggest that the shear strength of the UHPC-NC interface can be enhanced by adjusting the constrained normal stress, given its high sensitivity as an impact factor. The shear bearing capacity can be described using the proposed model, which consists of a linear ascending segment, a peak point, and a declining damage segment with an exponential evolution pattern, with a recommended damage index parameter of 4.68.
Transcranial electrical stimulation as a therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease: Current uses and challenges
Authors: Wang Huan , Qin Ning , Maimaitiaili Dilinuer , Wu Jiali , Wang Shuangqin , Zhou Yixin , Lu Jingjue , Li Yuanli
Published: February 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder for which there are currently rarely effective drug treatments available to halt or slow down its progression. With the aging of the world population, AD as the primary cause of dementia, is rapidly becoming one of the most expensive, lethal, and burdening diseases of this century. In recent years, the new method used to treat nervous system diseases including AD is transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) with non-invasive and for regulating the flexibility of neural circuits operation and behaviors. The rationale of tES for AD neuromodulation is derived from research on animal and clinical trials. In the present paper, we review the current uses of the tES including transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial alternating current stimulation, and transcranial pulsed electrical stimulation in rehabilitation for AD's core clinical symptom with cognitive dysfunctions, as well as the relevant data from AD animal models have also been discussed. Finally, the regarding applied challenges of tES in AD therapy have been referred for further improvement.
Performance and emissions analysis of marine engine using flex-fuel based on methanol and ammonia blends: A simulative investigation toward vehicle decarbonization
Authors: Sharma Bhawandeep , Xie Chunyang , Dewangan Abhishek , Kumar Madan
Published: February 2025

Rising global emissions from transportation have heightened the need for alternative fuels. Ammonia, methanol, hydrogen, and other renewable fuels have been tested mostly individually, which doesn’t generate enough power output as per their properties, or with conventional fuels, which lack renewability. There has been limited research on using ammonia and methanol blended fuel in engines. Therefore, this study aims to address this gap by conducting a comprehensive simulative analysis of ammonia-methanol flex-fuel blends for a steady-state genset engine with an experimentally validated GT-power model, positioning them as a 100% renewable fuel option for engines. The study primarily focuses on three characteristics: performance, combustion, and emission, evaluated under different operating conditions involving key parameters such as injection timing, spark timing, and at various blend ratios of both fuels. Results demonstrate that increasing ammonia content in methanol blends leads to moderate performance changes, with slight dips in engine performance parameters like torque and indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), despite constant energy input. These reductions are minor, ranging from 4% to 16% compared to pure methanol. The most significant benefits are observed in emissions, with CO2 levels decreasing up to 80%, showcasing ammonia and methanol flex-fuels as potential green alternatives for the future.
Junior research groups: A promising format for PhD qualification
Authors: Zerbe Stefan
Published: February 2025

The doctoral research with its final thesis and its successful defense is one of the most important steps in the early career of a scientist. Whereas the achievement of a PhD individually under the supervision of an experienced scientist is common practice performed for decades, for example, in Germany, the development of structured PhD programs which should enhance the scientific quality of Higher Education was put forward in Europe within the so-called Bologna process since 1999. Both these options have advantages and disadvantages for the students and the supervisors involved. Accordingly, an additional format is suggested which enriches the portfolio of PhD formats. The Junior Research Groups have been established particularly within funding programs of the German Stifterverband. With a small number of PhD students performing supervised research in teams of various disciplines, this format offers flexible small research groups with a certain autonomy in which an intense interdisciplinary discourse can be established.
Future schools and the energy implications of AI in education: A review of scenarios and method for engaging young people in futures thinking
Authors: Kaviani Fareed , Selwyn Neil , Strengers Yolande , Dahlgren Kari , Cumbo Bronwyn , Wagner Markus
Published: February 2025

‘School of the future’ scenarios remain a popular means of animating policy, industry and public debates around issues relating to technological, economic, societal and environmental change. To date, these scenarios rarely involve the perspectives of school students. Purpose of the research: This study explores how scenarios can be used to engage school children in futures thinking, particularly regarding the uncertainties surrounding artificial intelligence and its environmental and energy implications. The research aims to develop participatory tools to help diversify future narratives about schools and foster young people’s ‘futures literacy’ and critical thinking about the future. Major findings: Analysis of 70 ‘future schools’ scenarios from 18 existing industry reports revealed limited approaches to climate change, energy and environmental implications of AI technology. These findings informed the design of scenario cards for engaging young people in imagining their own future schools, challenging dominant policy and industry expectations. Conclusions: The study contributes to knowledge in education and energy by combining scenario development from both sectors. It progresses all stakeholders towards desirable and resilient ‘AI energy futures’ by involving children and young people in the development of futures scenarios, addressing a gap in current scenario-building practices which have typically excluded student perspectives.
Multicenter study of HPC coated p48 and p64 flow diverters for treatment of intracranial aneurysms under dual antiplatelet therapy
Authors: Goertz Lukas , Weyland Charlotte S , Nikoubashman Omid , Bürkle Franziska , de Beukelaer Frederic , Siebert Eberhard , Gronemann Christian , Hohenstatt Sophia , Dorn Franziska , Bohner Georg , Wiesmann Martin , Ridwan Hani , Kabbasch Christoph
Published: February 2025

Objective

Phenox flow diverters (p64 and its smaller vessel variant p48) represent an established treatment option for intracranial aneurysms. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of the new generation of these devices with an additional antithrombotic surface coating (HPC).

Methods

Consecutive patients treated between 2020 and 2023 at three institutions were retrospectively reviewed for aneurysm characteristics, procedural details, complications, and angiographic outcomes.

Results

Sixty-one patients (mean age 56 years) were treated for 61 aneurysms. The mean aneurysm size was 8.3 ± 4.9 mm, 12 (19.7%) were ruptured, 16 (26.2%) were recurrent after previous treatment, 10 (16.4%) were located in the posterior circulation, and 7 (11.5%) had nonsaccular morphology. All procedures were technically successful, with a single device sufficient in 60/61 (98%) cases. Delivery problems included device twisting in one case and incomplete proximal opening in another. Additional angioplasty was performed in 3/61 (4.9%) procedures and additional coiling in 4 (6.6%). There were 3 (4.9%) major events (1 thromboembolic ischemic stroke, 1 fatal intracranial hemorrhage, and 1 delayed aneurysm rupture) and 6 (9.8%) minor strokes. Follow up at a mean of 6 months showed complete occlusion in 33/42 (79%) aneurysms, neck remnants in 5 (12%), and aneurysm remnants in 4 (10%).

Conclusions

The results demonstrate comparable acceptable complication rates and angiographic results of the Phenox HPC, which are similar to other flow diverters. Long-term and comparative studies are needed to evaluate the full potential of these devices.
From paleo- to neo-television: A semio-pragmatic approach
Authors: Casetti Francesco , Odin Roger
Published: February 2025

This article is an English-language translation of ‘De la paléo- à la néo-télévision’ by Francesco Casetti and Roger Odin (1990), originally published in French. The article highlights transformations in the transition from paleo- to neo-television in France and Italy at the time when private television proliferated in Europe. From a semio-pragmatic perspective, it seeks to understand how the change in ‘ dispositif’ leads to changes in the spectator’s positioning. Paleo-television is described as an ‘institution’, founded on a project of cultural and popular education. Neo-television breaks with this pedagogical communication model through interactive processes. The article theorises the two models and points towards their intersections.