bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating Patient Preferences for Their Doctor's Communication Strategies Across Cultures Using Communication Accommodation Theory
Authors: Pines Rachyl , Mallard Yolandi , Jones Liz , Sheeran Nicola
Published: February 2025

Effective doctor-patient communication has been linked to better patient outcomes and treatment adherence, whereas ineffective communication has been linked to poorer outcomes and more medical errors. Our study used Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT) to investigate across four countries which communication strategies patients preferred from their doctors. Archival data from a larger online survey research study provided a sample of 1698 participants (Male = 36.4%, Female = 61.1%, Other 1.8%, Age M = 25.5 SD = 10.67), recruited from four countries (Australia, USA, Hong Kong/China, and the Philippines). Results showed participants preferred accommodative stances over non-accommodative stances (under or over accommodation), and that accommodative interpretability was the most frequently mentioned communication strategy in all four countries. Chi-square analyses revealed significant differences across countries for all strategies, with the strongest effects for discourse management. Implications for adding CAT into medical education communication training are discussed.
Less is More
Authors: Schwirck Samantha
Published: February 2025

Nearly every part of LPA's new office is sustainable—from the recycled metal canopy to the furniture-mounted LEDs
Seaside Retreat
Authors: Schwirck Samantha
Published: February 2025

Legal Sea Foods' newest location transports travelers from the airport to the ocean
Trajectories of Physical Violence Against Latinas and Black Women: The Protective Role of Parents, Neighborhoods, and Schools
Authors: Capasso Ariadna , Tozan Yesim , DiClemente Ralph J. , Pahl Kerstin
Published: February 2025

Understanding the heterogeneous experiences of violence experienced by Black and Latina women over the life course is critical to prevention. We identified four physical violence trajectories experienced by 361 Black and Latina women followed from ages 14 to 39: low/none (44.0%), persistent-moderate (36.8%), peak in the 20s (11.9%), and persistent-high (7.2%) violence exposure. Childhood abuse predicted membership in the three violence-exposed groups, whereas parental closeness, school academic orientation, and neighborhood safety were protective factors. Public health interventions aimed at preventing childhood trauma and ensuring safe interpersonal relationships and environments for girls to thrive are urgently needed.
Quality of life is decreased in persons with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis experiencing progression independent of relapse activity
Authors: Lindberg Sarah , Sandgren Sofia , Axelsson Markus , Rosenstein Igal , Lycke Jan , Novakova Lenka
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Reduced quality of life (QoL) is an early feature of multiple sclerosis (MS). The effect of progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) on QoL is poorly investigated.

Objective:

To assess the impact of PIRA on QoL using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).

Methods:

In a prospective observational study, 125 newly diagnosed persons with relapsing-remitting MS (PwRRMS) were assessed over 5 years with: EuroQoL-5-Dimension-3-level (EQ-5D-3L), EQ-visual-analogous-scale (EQ-VAS) and 29-item-MS-Impact-Scale (MSIS-29). PwRRMS were dichotomized: PIRA (worsening of expanded disability status scale (EDSS), timed-25-foot-walk or 9-hole-peg-test, independent of relapses) versus non-PIRA. PwRRMS were compared at baseline, year 5 (y5) and delta values (baseline scores subtracted from y5 scores) and annually using linear-mixed-effects-models.

Results:

At y5, 19.2% had PIRA. PIRA versus non-PIRA PwRRMS were older ( p < 0.001). At y5 PIRA PwRRMS had lower EQ-5D-3L ( p = 0.001), higher MSIS-29-PHYS ( p < 0.001), delta values showed lower EQ-5D-3L ( p < 0.001) and EQ-VAS ( p = 0.010), higher MSIS-29-PHYS ( p = 0.004) and MSIS-29-PSYCH ( p = 0.036). Linear-mixed-effects-models showed that, compared to PIRA, non-PIRA PwRRMS had an improvement in QoL: EQ-5D-3L: β = 0.039, p < 0.001; EQ-VAS: β = 2.401, p < 0.001; MSIS-29-PHYS: β = −0.107, p < 0.001; MSIS-29-PSYCH, β = −0.115, p < 0.001, during the 5-year study period.

Conclusion:

Deteriorating QoL in the early course of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is strongly associated with PIRA. Our results suggest that QoL PROMs should be monitored and recognized as an important aspect of progression.
Autopsy-proven patient with corticobasal degeneration presenting with visuo-constructive disorders as initial symptoms: How advanced MRI sequences can help clinical practice
Authors: Salman Yasmine , Huyghe Lara , Quenon Lisa , Ghysens Olivia , Malotaux Vincent , Tomé Sandra O , Thal Dietmar Rudolf , Hanseeuw Bernard J
Published: February 2025

Background

Cortico-basal degeneration (CBD) is a neurodegenerative disease typically responsible for cortico-basal syndrome (CBS) or progressive limb apraxia. Half of CBD patients, however, present atypical symptoms, making the diagnosis difficult.

Objective

We reported the case of a woman in her late sixties (BM208), an unusual case of autopsy-proven CBD, showing early signs of Benson's syndrome or posterior cortical atrophy. In addition, we compared cognitive performance and atrophy in different brain regions of BM208 with other neurodegenerative diseases patients to highlight clinical signs that could have guided the diagnosis earlier.

Methods

We retrospectively compared BM208 to patients with typical amnestic Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 18, Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) scores between 18 and 24), Benson's syndrome due to AD (n = 3), CBS/progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) syndrome (n = 5), and Lewy body dementia (LBD) patients (n = 3) and a control group (n = 24). All these participants underwent an MMSE, a complete neuropsychological examination and 3DT1 MRI.

Results

Although BM208 was more severely cognitively impaired overall, her cognitive performance was more similar to Benson's syndrome patients’ cognitive profile compared to CBS patients or any other degenerative pathology (typical AD/LBD). Consistently, although BM208 was more atrophic than all other groups, she showed cortical atrophy that matched a Benson's syndrome pattern more than typical AD or CBS. However, the analysis of subcortical atrophy revealed atrophy of the basal ganglia corresponding CBS cases. Furthermore, visual analyses on sagittal T1 images showed atrophy of the midbrain, characteristic of CBS/PSP syndrome.

Conclusions

These results highlight the additive value of fine-grained MRI subcortical quantification to diagnose non-AD rare neurodegenerative disorders.
Regarding Borders and Boundaries
Authors: Pauwels Luc
Published: February 2025

Luc Pawels on the dynamic processes of "bordering."
Seeing Tensions in Adulthood
Authors: Smith-Tran Alicia , Hunt Sunny , Wynn Dakota , Powell Izze , Covell Jonah , Kline Charlie
Published: February 2025

Alicia Smith-Tran, Sunny Hunt, Dakota Wynn, Izze Powell, Jonah Covell, and Charlie Kline on the rocky road to "real" adulthood.
EXPRESS: Hands representation is more fine graded and more pronounced than whole-body only if we are aware of using a motor strategy
Authors: Efstathiou Myrto , Delicato Louise S. , Sedda Anna
Published: February 2025

Mental representations guide action planning and body execution. While hand representations have been extensively studied, not much is known about differences between hands, feet and whole-body representations. Previous studies tell us about functional and sensory differences between body parts and between parts and whole body, however hands and feet studies also tell us that it matters if we are aware of using motor strategies when we activate body representations, and this has not been compared yet between body parts and between parts and whole body. Sixty participants (M = 26.68, SD = 8.22) took part in an online experiment, including Implicit Association Tests (IAT) where participants are not fully aware of using a motor strategy, and a Mental Motor Chronometry (MMC), a more explicit task requiring awareness of imagining actions. The influence of visual imagery was controlled by administering a Vividness of Visual Imagery (VVI) questionnaire to exclude non-motor-related effects. Results show that when the task requires less awareness to be solved, there are no differences between hands, feet, and whole body. Differences are found when more awareness of body representation and related processes is required, with a more pronounced and finer representation of hands than the whole body. No differences between hands versus feet and whole body versus feet were found. These results highlight the importance of awareness in the representation of body parts and suggest that motor strategies contribute to the differentiation between hand and whole-body representations, a distinction not accounted for by visual imagery differences.
To assess the usefulness of 6-min walk test for determining autonomic dysfunction in diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic patients during preoperative evaluation: A prospective observational controlled study
Authors: Noorain Naqiya , Nizami Mohammed Ismail , Padhy Shibani , Jayaram Kavitha
Published: February 2025

Background:

The incidence of perioperative cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients is due to impaired cardiovascular response to exercise caused by impairment in peripheral blood flow and oxygen diffusion to the exercising muscle. Preoperative bedside testing by 6-min walk for autonomic dysfunction in diabetic patients might reduce haemodynamic instability and cardiovascular complications.

Methods and materials:

Sixty patients with American Society of Anaesthesiologists grade 1 classification and 60 diabetic patients (total of 120) of age 30–60 years, of either sex, undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia were recruited. A 6-min walk test, breath-holding time and five clinical bedside tests for autonomic dysfunction were performed. Based on that, patients were classified into non-diabetic patients (group C), diabetic patients without autonomic dysfunction (group D) and diabetic patients with autonomic dysfunction (group A).

Results:

The incidence of autonomic dysfunction was 31.7%. Among all the parameters, breath-holding time, steps and distance covered by 6-min walk test was significantly less in group A. The incidence of intraoperative tachycardia and hypotension was significantly higher (78.9% and 57.9%, respectively) in group A.

Conclusion:

The 6-min walk test can be used as one of the preliminary tests for detection of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetes since it had association with distance covered and intraoperative haemodynamic disturbances.
Smart Arrhythmia Detection Using Single Lead ECG Signal and Hybridized Deep Neural Network Model
Authors: Hambarde Shailesh , Paithane Ajay , Lambhate Poonam , Hambarde Aparna Shailesh , Kalyankar Pratima Amol
Published: February 2025

Arrhythmia is an irregular electrical activity of the heart that needs to be treated quickly and promptly to avoid the risk of cardiac failure and stroke. Signal processing utilizing Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals continues to be the gold standard for detecting cardiac abnormalities. However, the low classification accuracy and lack of labeled ECG data might seriously impair the existing algorithm's overall performance. To address the drawbacks of the existing techniques, the proposed research utilizes a deep learning model formulated utilizing the cephalous wolf optimization-based deep neural network model (CWO opt NN) for effective arrhythmia detection. The proposed model leverages the characteristics of a single lead ECG database to retrieve the input data initially. Next, the signal is preprocessed by adopting the window sliding approach to eliminate any potential noise. In addition, the extracted time-domain features, frequency domain features, geometrical features, CSI-CVI features, wavelet features, and statistical features, aid in boosting the accuracy of arrhythmia detection. To accurately identify arrhythmia, the developed model explores the Neural Networks for learning the cardiac cycles effectively. Specifically, cephalous wolf optimization, developed by the typical hybridization of the cephalous wolf and wolf hawk, is essential to the research's relevance since it allows for the successful identification of arrhythmia by fine-tuning the classifier's weights and bias. Considering the achievement rates for arrhythmia identification at training percentage 80, the F1-score is 96.10%, precision is 97.08%, and recall is 95.14% respectively, similarly based on the k-fold 8, F1-score is 96.10%, precision is 96.80%, and recall is 94.86% respectively.
Effects of virtual counseling on the care burden and quality of life of family caregivers for leukemia patients: a randomized controlled trial study
Authors: Sadeghi Amir , Yousofvand Vahid , Falahan Seyedeh Nayereh , Bonyad Sajjad Amiri , Alafchi Behnaz
Published: February 2025

Background

Leukemia patients’ caregivers often face care burden and low quality of life. Continuous virtual counseling can help to management these problems. This study examines effects of virtual counseling on the care burden and quality of life of family caregivers for leukemia patients.

Method

The study employed a randomized controlled trial pretest–posttest design with a control group, involving 90 family caregivers of leukemia patients at Iranian oncology clinics in 2021. Two oncology clinics were randomly assigned as experimental (45 participants) and control groups (45 participants). Participants were recruited using a convenience sampling method, adhering to pre-defined inclusion criteria. Data collection was facilitated using Novak and Guest’s Caregiver Burden Inventory and the Caregiver Quality of Life Index-Cancer, administered at baseline, one month, and two months post-intervention. The experimental group engaged in six weeks of continuous virtual counseling, with sessions lasting 45–60 min each week. In contrast, the control group received standard hospital care.

Results

The average ages of the experimental and control groups were 34.29 and 32.33 years, respectively. In the experimental group, 51.1% were men, and 68.88% were spouses of patients. In the control group, 62.2% were women, and 44.45% were spouses of patients. Two months following the intervention, the experimental group demonstrated significant improvement in average scores for both care burden (experimental group: baseline: 90.11 ± 11.34, post-test 1: 73.78 ± 11.58, post-test 2: 52.91 ± 13.57; control group: baseline: 86.38 ± 9.81, post-test 1: 90.93 ± 14.54, post-test 2: 97.40 ± 15.03; a large significant interaction effect for time*group (η2 = 0.653, p < 0.001), and quality of life (baseline: 65.18 ± 8.36, post-test 1: 73.76 ± 6.53, post-test 2: 89.07 ± 9.43; control group: baseline: 61.82 ± 11.68, post-test 1: 51.96 ± 11.22, post-test 2: 44.24 ± 13.63; a large significant interaction effect for time*group (η2 = 0.651, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest that virtual counseling can be a positive influence in reducing care burden and improving the quality of life for caregivers of leukemia patients. These results highlight the potential value of incorporating virtual counseling strategies into the caregiving support programs for nurses.

Trial registration

Current controlled trials IRCT20211227053551N7) on February 9, 2025, as well as Retrospectively registered.
Lung recruitment mechanics: coalescing tissue strains with organ expansion
Authors: Shankel M. , Nelson T. M. , Quiros K. A. M. , Bebawy J. , Mariano C. A. , Biddle T. , Lo D. D. , Eskandari M.
Published: February 2025

Background

Recruitment maneuvers are used to prevent atelectasis, or partial lung collapse, and to help prevent ventilator induced lung injury. Recruitment techniques remain a topic of debate due to the possibility for damage as they necessitate higher transpulmonary pressures, which are associated with inducing lung injury. We aim to evaluate and probe injury mechanisms and potential pressure inhomogeneities, expressed as heterogeneous lung recruitment and overdistension, by associating organ level compliances with continuous regional strains during the application of stepwise escalation contrasted with sustained inflation maneuvers.

Methods

An established breathing mimicry electromechanical system integrated with high spatio-temporal digital image correlation techniques coupled the global pressure-volume response of the lung with local deformations. Compliances, pressures, strains, heterogeneities and the expansion evolution pertaining to the inflation phase of two recruitment methods were quantified and contrasted.

Results

Significant differences between the organ- and tissue-level responses of the sustained inflation versus escalation maneuver were found. The escalation maneuver exhibited greater starting compliance, whereas the sustained inflation showed increased inflation compliance. The localized strain distribution for the sustained inflation yielded increased 75th percentile strain, 90th percentile strain, and range at maximum inflation compared to the escalation maneuver.

Conclusions

Local and global findings indicate the escalation maneuver exhibits more homogeneous lung recruitment compared to sustained inflation. We also observe a correspondence between the significant organ-level compliance differences between the two maneuvers and the disparities observed in the evolutionary progression of localized strain distributions throughout inflation.
The impact of insecticide decay on the rate of insecticide resistance evolution for monotherapies and mixtures
Authors: Hobbs Neil Philip , Hastings Ian
Published: February 2025

Background

The problem of insecticide decay following their deployment in public health applications is frequently highlighted as an issue for sustained disease control. There are additional concerns that it also increases selection for insecticide resistance. Despite these concerns insecticide decay is largely absent from models evaluating insecticide resistance management strategies.

Methodology

The impact of insecticide decay is investigated using a model which assumes a polygenic basis of insecticide resistance. Single generation evaluations are conducted that cover the insecticide efficacy and insecticide resistance space for insecticides when deployed as monotherapies or mixtures to mechanistically investigate how insecticide decay impacts selection for resistance. The outcome is the between generation change in bioassay survival to the insecticides. The monotherapy sequence and mixture strategies were compared in multi-generation simulations incorporating insecticide decay, with the outcome being the difference in strategy lifespan.

Results

The results demonstrate that as insecticides decay, they can apply a much greater selection pressure than that imposed by newly deployed, non-decayed insecticides; this applies to both monotherapies and mixtures. For mixtures, selection for resistance is highest when both insecticides have reduced decayed efficacies; this also occurs if reduced dosages are deliberately used in mixtures. Insecticide decay was found to reduce the benefit of mixtures compared to sequential monotherapies, especially when reduced-dose mixtures are used.

Conclusions

Insecticide decay is often highlighted as an important consideration for mixtures and these results indicate its absence in previous modelling studies may be over-inflating the performance of full-dose mixtures. In summary: as insecticides decay, they can impose increasing selection pressures for resistance with reduced ability to control the target insect populations. The optimal frequency with which decaying insecticides should be replenished is an important policy consideration.
Insights into how manual therapists incorporate the biopsychosocial-enactive model in the care of individuals with CLBP: a qualitative study
Authors: Bianchi Marco , Rossettini Giacomo , Cerritelli Francesco , Esteves Jorge E.
Published: February 2025

Background

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) presents a significant challenge for manual therapists. Recent advancements in pain research have highlighted the limitations of the traditional biomedical and biopsychosocial models, prompting the exploration of alternatives. The biopsychosocial-enactive (BPS-E) model has emerged as a promising alternative. This study aims to explore the application of the BPS-E model by manual therapists in managing CLBP and to initiate a meaningful dialogue about its use.

Methods

This study adhered to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research. Guided by constructivist grounded theory, we conducted semi-structured interviews with ten manual therapists who are experts in the BPS-E model. Data collection, conceptualization, and analysis were systematically carried out to identify key themes and insights.

Results

The core theme identified was “The person-centred approach,” with three subthemes: “Opportunities in implementing the model”, “Utilizing and Integrating Diverse Skills for Holistic Care”, and “Challenges in implementing the model”.

Conclusion

This study provides insights into how manual therapists incorporate the BPS-E model in their practice, demonstrating its advantages over the traditional biopsychosocial model. The findings highlight the need for further research and training to effectively implement the BPS-E model in clinical settings. This research begins an essential discussion on the potential of the BPS-E model to enhance care for CLBP patients.
Reversible fluorescent solid porous films for detection of zinc ions in biological media
Authors: Gandin Alessandro , Brigo Laura , Giacomazzo Sujatha , Torresan Veronica , Brusatin Giovanna , Franco Alfredo
Published: February 2025

The need for a sensitive, selective, non-invasive and reversible fluorescent sensor for Zn2+ monitoring is addressed in this work. A novel guest-host system is developed, including a Zn2+ sensitive fluorescent probe, Zinpyr-1, embedded in a porous optically transparent hybrid film. The entrapped probe molecules are accessible and can interact with the external analyte. The immobilized Zinpyr-1 confirms its specificity and selectivity for Zn2+, as shown by sensing tests conducted in buffer solutions that mimic the ionic composition of biological media. The uniqueness of the developed sensor system lies in its reversibility, combined with a fast and selective response, allowing dynamic measurements of zinc concentrations in the 1 µM to 1 mM range within few tens of seconds. Unlike most Zn2+ sensors, this system is a film-based sensor, making it an interesting minimally invasive tool for future studies on how live cells cultured on it dynamically regulate the Zn2+ concentration under controlled physiological conditions.
Estimation of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in the main vector Triatoma infestans: accounting for imperfect detection using site-occupancy models
Authors: Cardinal Marta Victoria , Enriquez Gustavo Fabián , Gaspe María Sol , Fernández María del Pilar , Capello Victoria , Gürtler Ricardo Esteban
Published: February 2025

Background

Vector infection prevalence is a key component of vectorial capacity and transmission risk. Optical microscopy observation (OM) of fecal drops has been the classic method for detecting Trypanosoma cruzi infection in triatomine bugs until the advent of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques. However, agreement among OM- and PCR-based techniques has been highly heterogeneous.

Methods

We used hierarchical site-occupancy models accounting for imperfect detection to estimate method-specific detection probabilities of T. cruzi infection in field-collected Triatoma infestans and to assess whether T. cruzi infection varied with triatomine developmental stage and collection ecotope. We also performed a scoping review of the literature on comparisons between OM and PCR for T. cruzi infection diagnosis in triatomines. Triatomines were collected before vector control interventions in Pampa del Indio houses (Argentine Chaco) and examined by OM. We amplified the variable regions of the kinetoplastid minicircle genome (vkDNA-PCR) in DNA extracted from the rectal ampoules of 64 OM-positive and 65 OM-negative T. infestans.

Results

vkDNA-PCR detected T. cruzi infection in 59 (92.2%) OM-positive bugs and in 19 (29.2%) OM-negative triatomines in blind tests. The overall prevalence of infection, as determined by a positive test result by either vkDNA-PCR or OM, was 64.3% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 55.8–72.1%]. Detection probability of T. cruzi infection by vkDNA-PCR (92%, 95% CI 83–97%) was substantially higher than for OM (76%, 95% CI 65–84%). Infection was minimal (26.2%) in peridomestic nymphs and maximal in domestic adult triatomines (81.7%). In the literature review encompassing 26 triatomine species from 11 countries, inter-method agreement ranged from 28.6% to 100%. The lowest agreement was observed in Rhodnius sp. and Panstrongylus lutzi and the highest among Triatoma sp., with wide variability in the protocols and outcomes of molecular diagnosis in comparison with OM.

Conclusions

Our study provides a synthesis on the different sources (both biological and technical) of variation of the outcomes of OM- and PCR-based diagnosis of T. cruzi infection in triatomines and identifies new research needs for diagnostic improvement.

Graphical Abstract
Sex differences in the association of Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers and cognition in a multicenter memory clinic study
Authors: Boccalini Cecilia , Peretti Debora Elisa , Scheffler Max , Mu Linjing , Griffa Alessandra , Testart Nathalie , Allali Gilles , Prior John O. , Ashton Nicholas J. , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Garibotto Valentina
Published: February 2025

Background

This study investigated sex differences in the associations between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers, cognitive performance, and decline in memory clinic settings.

Methods

249 participants (females/males:123/126), who underwent tau-PET, amyloid-PET, structural MRI, and plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) measurement were included from Geneva and Lausanne Memory Clinics. Mann-Whitney U tests investigated sex differences in clinical and biomarker data. Linear regression models estimated the moderating effect of sex on the relationship between biomarkers and cognitive performance and decline. Sex differences in cognitive decline were further evaluated using longitudinal linear mixed-effect models with three-way interaction effects.

Results

Women and men present similar clinical features, amyloid, and neurodegeneration. Women had higher tau load and plasma levels of GFAP than men (p < 0.05). Tau associations with amyloid (standardized β = 0.54,p < 0.001), neurodegeneration (standardized β=-0.44,p < 0.001), and cognition (standardized β=-0.48,p < 0.001) were moderated by a significant interaction with sex. Specifically, the association between amyloid and tau was stronger among women than men (standardized β=-0.19,p = 0.047), whereas the associations between tau and cognition and between tau and neurodegeneration were stronger among men than in women (standardized β=-0.76,p = 0.001 and standardized β=-0.56,p = 0.044). Women exhibited faster cognitive decline than men in the presence of severe cortical thinning (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Women showed higher tau load and stronger association between amyloid and tau than men. In individuals with high tau burden, men exhibited greater neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment than women. These findings support that sex differences may impact tau deposition through an upstream interplay with amyloid, leading to downstream effects on neurodegeneration and cognitive outcomes.
Dynamic functional adaptations during touch observation in autism: connectivity strength is linked to attitudes towards social touch and social responsiveness
Authors: Lee Masson Haemy
Published: February 2025

Background

Autistic adults experience differences in social interactions involving physical contact. Brain imaging studies suggest that these differences may be related to atypical brain responses to social-affective cues, affecting both the experience of receiving touch and observing it in others. However, it remains unclear whether these atypical responses are limited to specific brain regions or represent broader alterations in brain connectivity. The current study investigated how the functional network architecture is modulated during touch observation associated with autism and explored the extent to which changes in this architecture are associated with individual differences in social touch preferences and social responsiveness.

Methods

By integrating generalized psychophysiological interaction (gPPI) analysis with independent component analysis (ICA), the current study analyzed existing fMRI datasets, in which 21 autistic and 21 non-autistic male adults viewed videos of social and nonsocial touch while undergoing MRI scans.

Results

A gPPI analysis of regions of interest revealed that autistic adults exhibited increased connectivity between sensory and social brain regions. The strength of some of these connections was positively associated with a higher preference for social touch and greater social responsiveness, suggesting neural compensatory mechanisms that may help autistic adults better understand the meaning of touch. At the level of large-scale brain networks extracted using ICA, atypical connectivity was predominantly observed between the sensorimotor network and other networks involved in social-emotional processing. Increased connectivity was observed in the sensorimotor network during nonsocial touch, suggesting that embodied simulation, the process by which individuals internally simulate touch experience of others in this context, may be more engaged when observing human-object interactions than during human-to-human touch.

Limitations

This study focused on a specific subgroup of 21 autistic male adults with minimal support needs. Future research would benefit from including a more diverse autistic sample.

Conclusions

This study reveals atypical context-dependent modulation of functional brain architecture associated with autism during touch observation. Neural compensatory mechanisms in autistic individuals who enjoy social touch and show higher social responsiveness may function as adaptive social responses. However, these compensations may be limited to specific brain regions, rather than occurring at the level of large-scale brain networks.
Dental remains of ‘Parachleuastochoerus’ valentini (Suidae: Tetraconodontinae) from the early Late Miocene of Sant Quirze (Vallès-Penedès Basin, NE Iberian Peninsula): taxonomic and phylogenetic implications
Authors: Alba David M. , Siarabi Souzanna , Arranz Sara G. , McKenzie Sharrah , Casanovas-Vilar Isaac
Published: February 2025

The distinctiveness and genus allocation of ‘Parachleuastochoerus’ valentini (Suidae: Tetraconodontinae), from the Miocene of Europe, has been controversial, being alternatively considered a junior synonym of Conohyus simorrensis. Recently described material from the Vallès-Penedès Basin (NE Iberian Peninsula) supported its distinct species status but did not discount an alternative ascription to Conohyus, largely because the lower male canine remained unknown. Here we describe all the tetraconodontine dentognathic material from the earliest Late Miocene sites of Trinxera del Ferrocarril–Sant Quirze (~11.6–11.2 Ma, MN7+8), as well as Can Feliu 2 and Poble Nou de Sant Quirze (≤11.2 Ma, MN9), comprising 134 specimens. The former locality played an important role in the resurrection of ‘Pa.’ valentini but ~70% of the available material remained unpublished. Based on metrical and qualitative comparisons with published material of this species and similarly sized tetraconodontines from Europe, we attribute the whole studied sample to ‘Pa.’ valentini. Previous reports of Parachleuastochoerus huenermanni from the site are erroneous (owing to specimen mislabeling). Our results reinforce the distinctiveness of ‘Pa.’ valentini, while its lower male canine morphology (first described herein) does not support its transfer to Conohyus. However, a cladistic analysis favors closer phylogenetic relationships with Retroporcus matritensis (a potential junior synonym of C. simorrensis) and even Versoporcus steinheimensis than with Parachleuastochoerus crusafonti (the type species of the genus). Our results thus indicate that Parachleuastochoerus, as currently conceived, is polyphyletic, although pending an in-depth revision of other European tetraconodontines we refrain from providing a new combination for ‘Pa.’ valentini.
A patient-reported outcome measure comprising the stool frequency and abdominal pain items from the Crohn’s Disease Activity Index: psychometric evaluation in adults with Crohn’s disease
Authors: Lewis James D. , Vadhariya Aisha , Su Sylvia , Zhou Xian , Durand Frederick , Kawata Ariane K. , Stassek Larissa , Clucas Claudine , Schreiber Stefan
Published: February 2025

Background

The Stool Frequency (SF) and Abdominal Pain (AP) items from the Crohn’s Disease Activity Index are together referred to as the “Patient Reported Outcome” (PRO). The SF item measures the number of very soft/liquid stools and the AP item measures abdominal pain severity, which are common Crohn’s disease (CD) symptoms that patients consider important to treat. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of both PRO items separately and estimated thresholds for clinical remission in moderately to severely active CD.

Methods

The measurement properties of the PRO items were analyzed using pooled data from VIVID-1 (NCT03926130), a Phase 3, randomized, placebo- and active-controlled study in adults with moderately to severely active CD. Analyses used weekly average scores of the SF and AP items at Weeks 0 (Baseline), 4, 12, and 52. Remission thresholds were estimated using the Patient Global Rating of Severity (PGRS) and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) as primary anchors as well as qualitative evidence from exit interviews.

Results

Data from 1065 participants (mean age: 36.2 years [standard deviation: 13 years]) were analyzed. During the trial, scores improved for both PRO items. Both items demonstrated moderate-to-good test-retest reliability for participants defined as stable based on PGRS and PGIC. Most correlations of related assessments were moderate (0.30≤|ρ| <0.70) with SF and moderate-to-large (0.30≤|ρ| ≤0.90) with AP. By contrast, as anticipated, both items had weak correlations (|ρ| <0.30) with endoscopic and laboratory assessments. The PRO items could discriminate between groups of participants known to differ based on other assessments. The PRO items were able to detect change, as score changes in both items between Baseline and Weeks 12 and 52 differed significantly between most PGRS and PGIC categories. Anchor-based analyses combined with responses from the exit interviews suggested that an SF score of ≤ 3 and an AP score of ≤ 1 could together represent clinical remission.

Conclusion

These results support the reliability, construct-validity, and responsiveness of both PRO items in moderately to severely active CD and confirm previously suggested scores for both items that could represent clinical remission.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03926130. Registered 23 April 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03926130.
Sub-1-min relaxation-enhanced non-contrast non-triggered cervical MRA using compressed SENSE with deep learning reconstruction in healthy volunteers
Authors: Janssen Jan Paul , Kaya Kenan , Terzis Robert , Hahnfeldt Robert , Gertz Roman Johannes , Goertz Lukas , Skornitzke Stephan , Tristram Juliana , Dratsch Thomas , Goezdas Cansin , Kabbasch Christoph , Weiss Kilian , Pennig Lenhard , Gietzen Carsten Herbert
Published: February 2025

Background

We evaluated the acceleration of a three-dimensional isotropic flow-independent magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) (relaxation-enhanced angiography without contrast and triggering, REACT) of neck arteries using compressed SENSE (CS) combined with deep learning (adaptive intelligence, AI)-based reconstruction (CS-AI).

Methods

Thirty-four volunteers received 3-T REACT MRA, acquired threefold: (i) CS acceleration factor 7 (CS7), scan time 1:20 min:s; (ii) CS acceleration factor 10 (CS10), scan time 0:55 min:s; and (iii) CS-AI acceleration factor 10 (CS10-AI), scan time 0:55 min:s. Two radiologists rated the image quality of seven arterial segments and overall image noise. Additionally, a pairwise forced-choice comparison was conducted. Apparent signal-to-noise ratio (aSNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (aCNR) were measured, and image sharpness was assessed using the edge-rise distance (ERD). Multiple t-tests and nonparametric tests with Bonferroni correction were performed for comparison to CS7 as the reference standard.

Results

Compared to CS7, CS10 showed lower image quality (p < 0.001) while CS10-AI obtained higher scores (p = 0.010). Image noise was similar between CS7 and CS10 (p = 0.138) while CS10-AI yielded a lower noise (p = 0.008). Forced choice revealed preferences for CS7 over CS10 (p < 0.001), but no preference between CS7 and CS10-AI (p > 0.999). Compared to CS7, aSNR and aCNR were lower in CS10 (p < 0.001) and the ERD was longer (p = 0.004), while CS10-AI provided better aSNR and aCNR (p = 0.001) and showed no difference in ERD (p = 0.776).

Conclusion

Sub-1-min CS-AI cervical REACT MRA was acquired without compromising image quality.

Relevance statement

The implementation of a fast and reliable non-contrast MRA has the potential to reduce costs and time while increasing patient comfort and safety. Clinical studies evaluating the diagnostic performance for stenosis or dissection are needed.

Trial registration

DRKS00030210 (German Clinical Trials Register; https://drks.de/)

Key Points

Deep learning reconstruction enables sub-1-min non-contrast-enhanced MRA of extracranial arteries.

Acceleration without deep learning reconstruction causes inferior image quality.

Acceleration with deep learning reconstruction exceeds, in part, the clinical standard.

Graphical abstract
Placental quantitative susceptibility mapping and T2* characteristics for predicting birth weight in healthy and high-risk pregnancies
Authors: Pishghadam Morteza , Haizler-Cohen Lylach , Ngwa Julius S. , Yao Wu , Kapse Kushal , Iqbal Sara N. , Limperopoulos Catherine , Andescavage Nickie N.
Published: February 2025

Background

The human placenta is critical in supporting fetal development, and placental dysfunction may compromise maternal-fetal health. Early detection of placental dysfunction remains challenging due to the lack of reliable biomarkers. This study compares placental quantitative susceptibility mapping and T2* values between healthy and high-risk pregnancies and investigates their association with maternal and fetal parameters and their ability to predict birth weight (BW).

Methods

A total of 105 pregnant individuals were included: 68 healthy controls and 37 high-risk due to fetal growth restriction (FGR), chronic or gestational hypertension, and pre-eclampsia. Placental magnetic resonance imaging data were collected using a three-dimensional multi-echo radiofrequency-spoiled gradient-echo, and mean susceptibility and T2* values were calculated. To analyze associations and estimate BW, we employed linear regression and regression forest models.

Results

No significant differences were found in susceptibility between high-risk pregnancies and controls (p = 0.928). T2* values were significantly lower in high-risk pregnancies (p = 0.013), particularly in pre-eclampsia and FGR, emerging as a predictor of BW. The regression forest model showed placental T2* as a promising mode for BW estimation.

Conclusion

Our findings underscore the potential of mean placental T2* as a more sensitive marker for detecting placental dysfunction in high-risk pregnancies than mean placental susceptibility. Moreover, the high-risk status emerged as a significant predictor of BW. These results call for further research with larger and more diverse populations to validate these findings and enhance prediction models for improved pregnancy management.

Relevance statement

This study highlights the potential of placental T2* magnetic resonance imaging measurements as reliable indicators for detecting placental dysfunction in high-risk pregnancies, aiding in improved prenatal care and birth weight prediction.

Key Points

Placental dysfunction in high-risk pregnancies is evaluated using MRI T2* values.

Lower T2* values significantly correlate with pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction.

T2* MRI may predict birth weight, enhancing prenatal care outcomes.

Graphical Abstract
Synchronous supratentorial and infratentorial choroid plexus papilloma: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kulkarni Akshay V. , Konar Subhas , Nandeesh B. N. , Bhat Dhananjay I.
Published: February 2025

Background

Choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) occurs in children as a lesion usually in the lateral ventricle. It is an uncommon tumour in adults and occurs mostly in the 4th ventricle. Other locations in children and adults are relatively less common. Multiple choroid plexus papillomas (MCPPs) as well as ectopic choroid plexus papillomas are rare entities.

Case report

Hereby, we present a unique case of a 29-year-old male with two synchronous CPPs, one in the 4th ventricle and another lesion in the left temporal polar region. He was successfully treated with staged surgery and had a good outcome.

Conclusion

Staged surgery for resection of both or all the lesions, starting from lesion causing obstructive hydrocephalus or the largest lesion to the smaller ones, is a safe treatment option.
Intracranial Rosai–Dorfman disease: a retrospective review of seven consecutive cases
Authors: Ibrahim Aly , Elserry Tarek H. , Hewedi Iman , Khalil Hamdy , Moharram Husein , Abdel-Latif Assem M.
Published: February 2025

Background

Intracranial Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare entity that usually comes as a surprise diagnosis after surgery. Despite accumulating case reports, the management strategy remains unclear. In this article, we describe our cases series and summarize the pertaining literature with emphasis on different management modalities.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of all patients with intracranial Rosai–Dorfman disease operated at our department over a period of 13 years. Clinical, radiological, and surgical data of these patients were reviewed and summarized. We compared our data to those previously published in the literature about this rare disease.

Results

All our cases were dural-based extrinsic lesions mimicking meningioma except one cerebellar lesion. Six out of seven cases underwent gross total resection (GTR) and one subtotal resection. Histopathology was confirmed in all cases using immune histochemistry. No patient received adjuvant radio or chemotherapy. There was no local recurrence in any case. One case had distant recurrence.

Conclusions

Most intracranial RDD presentations are very similar to meningiomas either clinically or radiologically. The definite diagnosis is only confirmed through pathological examination. The rate of recurrence after GTR seems low either in our series or in the literature. There are currently insufficient data to support adjuvant treatment after surgical resection. In case of recurrence, the choice of effective therapeutic strategy is unclear.
Whole-exome sequencing and molecular dynamics confirm pathogenicity of a novel SLC6A6 mutation in Leber congenital amaurosis
Authors: Natarajan Srikrupa N. , Ansar Samdani , Sripriya Sarangapani , Parveen Sen , Gupta Ravi , Vetrivel Umashankar , Sinnakarupan Mathavan
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a clinically and genetically heterogenous group where the robust advancement of next-generation sequencing technologies has facilitated genotype-assisted diagnosis. Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a severe form of inherited retinal dystrophy that causes congenital blindness or near-blindness with a global prevalence of 3 per 100,000 live births.It is characterized by a loss of vision at birth or within the first few years of life with overlapping phenotypes to many syndromic and non-syndromic IRDs. With India's rich genetic heterogeneity, WES is a valuable tool for uncovering novel gene mutations linked to LCA. This genetic diversity expands our understanding of the disease's spectrum in the Indian population.

Methods

In our previous study, 92 Indian LCA families were screened through targeted resequencing, and 80% of probands exhibited mutations in known genes. Hence, the remaining 20% probands with additional family members (n = 40) were subjected to whole-exome sequencing. An in-house standard bioinformatics pipeline was used for variant calling and annotation. Homology modeling (Modeller-9.23) and molecular simulation were performed on an identified SLC6A6 gene variant that has not yet been associated with LCA to investigate its potential pathogenicity.

Results

Disease-causing pathogenic variants were identified in 15/20 families (75%) across 11 genes with 33% variants being novel. Among the identified 17 variants in 15 families, 35% were missense, 29% nonsense, 29% frameshift and 6% splice variants. Segregation analysis, control screening and in silico predictions confirmed the variant’s pathogenicity. All variants were classified as pathogenic according to ACMG guidelines. Homology modeling and molecular simulation in the membrane system for the p.Pro82Leu mutant in SLC6A6 protein showed significant modification in helical characteristics around the TM2 helix in the mutant, which could potentially hinder the regular function and cause disruption in taurine transport across the membrane leading to the disease.

Conclusion

Taurine being an essential amino acid for photoreceptor development and maintenance, our study suggests that mutation identified in SLC6A6 gene may cause LCA. This is the first report of SLC6A6 gene association with LCA and also the first case report in the Indian population.
Contrast-enhanced mammography compared to MRI for the diagnosis of multifocal and multicentric breast cancer: preoperative evaluation
Authors: Gouda Walaa , Yasin Rabab , Abo-hedibah Sherif , Yasin Mohamed
Published: February 2025

Background

Preoperative diagnosis of multifocal and multicentric breast cancer (MMBC) is crucial for surgical planning either for mastectomy or performing conservative management. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) is more applicable compared to MRI, yet it shows lower sensitivity in the evaluation of disease extension.

Aim of the work

To compare the diagnostic accuracy of CESM in the detection of additional suspicious lesions in patients with breast cancer and the diagnosis of the MMBC compared to contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI).

Results

This retrospective study was performed during the period between January 2020 and January 2024 including 60 patients diagnosed as breast cancer with suspected multifocality or multicentricity, and they all underwent both CESM and breast contrast-enhanced MRI for preoperative staging. CESM sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of additional lesions were estimated and compared to CE-MRI with significance which was considered (p value < 0.05). The postoperative pathological results were considered as the gold standard test.

Our study showed comparable sensitivity of CESM (97%), and slightly higher diagnostic accuracy (95%) compared to CE-MRI (sensitivity = 99% and diagnostic accuracy = 94%) with no significant differences and with significantly higher specificity (CESE = 67%& CE- MRI = 33%) making CESM another promising method of MMBC breast diagnosis providing similar dedicated morphological and functional description about the lesion.

Conclusions

CESM is a valuable imaging modality for evaluation and diagnosis of MMBC with comparable sensitivity and accuracy and higher specificity compared to MRI so it can be considered as a promising alternative technique to CE-MRI.