bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L'Assemblée législative tahitienne (1824-1880)
Authors: Gille Bernard
Published: December 2013

L'Assemblée législative tahitienne s'est réunie de façon irrégulière de 1824 à 1877, c'est-à-dire durant l'essentiel du règne de la reine Pomare IV. Ce parlement devait légalement subsister jusqu'au 29 juin 1880, date de l'annexion de Tahiti à la France. Les représentants de la Société des missions de Londres utilisèrent d'abord cette assemblée pour limiter la toute puissance du souverain tahitien. Ils firent voter ensuite une série de lois pour empêcher la propagation du catholicisme à Tahiti et pour moraliser la société locale, conformément aux principes du protestantisme. Après l'instauration du Protectorat, en 1842, l'Assemblée servit à nouveau de contrepoids au pouvoir royal et le travail législatif permit d'introduire progressivement le droit français à Tahiti. Une fois cette tâche accomplie, elle tomba en désuétude et ne fut plus réunie qu'en 1877 pour l'avènement du roi Pomare V.
Lyautey et l'idée de protectorat de 1894 à 1902 : Genèse d'une doctrine coloniale
Authors: Venier Pascal
Published: December 2013

Lyautey's doctrine of protectorate was formed during his early colonial career from 1894 to 1902. He became a partisan of the « politique d'association » based on indirecte rule, and which meant involving the native population in the administration of the colonies. In Indochina, from 1894 to 1897, he was influenced by the policy of the General Governor Lanessan, and became acquainted with authors such as Chailley-Bert and Harmand who were the propagandists of the « politique d'association ». In Madagascar, from 1 897 to 1899, Lyautey tried to apply locally such a policy of indirect rule. In the territory he was commanding, he began organizing small protectorates with the Sakalava kingdoms of the western coast. Such a policy of « protectorats interieurs » was to be developed by Lyautey from 1900 to 1902 in the South of the Island.
Pouvoir culturel et politique d'apartheid (1930-1980)
Authors: Bullier Antoine J.
Published: December 2013

De 1930 à 1980, l'État sud-africain s'est servi du pouvoir culturel pour justifier sa politique de la différence et de la discrimination raciale. Deux disciplines ont contribué à asseoir le pouvoir des Blancs : l'anthropologie sociale en Afrique du Sud se divise en deux écoles, les « social anthropologists » et les « Volkekundiges », suivant des critères linguistiques et politiques. Le département des affaires bantu produisait des monographies descriptives et a-historiques sur les différentes tribus africaines. Il en allait de même de la linguistique africaine, qui fut récupérée par Pretoria afin de classer les différents idiomes bantu parlés dans l'État sud-africain. Grâce à cette politique dynamique, le pouvoir blanc sut dominer les ethnies africaines en établissant une véritable taxinomie scientifique.
La côte africaine du golfe d'Aden au milieu du XIXe siècle
Authors: Joint Daguenet R.
Published: December 2013

The North coast of the Horn of Africa, independent before the British seulement at Aden in 1839, will be thenceforth submited to their growing influence. French presence, almost entirely due to individuals, will be negligible until the assassination in 1859, of the Consular Agent at Aden, Henri Lambert which will raise some interest in Paris for a time. To mention also a not-so-well defined Turkish sovereignty here and there. Tribal and interest conflicts, berween Afars and Somalis, which traditionally oppose the towns of Tadjoura and Zeila, for the benefit of the trade from Choa, will corne to a climax in the mid-18th century, and bring two local chiefs, Chermarke and Abou-Beker to opposition. The fight will become more acute as Britain imposes more and more restrictions to slavery, each one knowing he has to find other sources of profit, with the help and support of Europeans. British presence on this coast, which they regards as part of their sphère of influence, will intensify trade in Berbera, and make Zeila's chief who they protect, eaten up with envy, leading him latter to the worst excess. The Afars of Tadjoura will first react towards the English with a tactful reserve, pretending eventually being under a nonexistent Turkish sovereignty, then, in 1858, they will take a formai commitment toward France, through Henri Lambert The assassination of the latter, on June 4th 1859, will bring France to buy Obock in 1862," without occupying it, first step towards colonization of the North coast by the British and the French, before the end of the 19th century.
Le travail au Togo sous mandat de la France (1919-1941)
Authors: Schürkens Ulrike
Published: December 2013

In this article the author analyzes the institutionalisation of remunerated labour in Togo under French mandat (1919 to 1941). After a description of the difficulties the French encountered to introduce this notion, the author gives details about tax labour, the material conditions of labour, the quantitative importance of the indigenous personnel and the salaries given during these years. This meticulous analysis of labour conditions contributes to retrace the process of introducing remunerated labour in Togo and its gradual acceptance by the social and cultural Systems of indigenous populations.
Le recrutement extraordinaire en Nouvelle-Calédonie pendant la grande révolte canaque de 1878
Authors: Bierman Guy
Published: December 2013

En 1878, après une dizaine d'années de calme sur l'ensemble de ce nouveau territoire de colonisation, la Nouvelle-Calédonie est secouée par une révolte d'une ampleur inhabituelle.

Soutenu par trop peu de moyens militaires, le gouverneur Olry les renforce aussitôt par des unités de volontaires européens et de supplétifs indigènes. Durant tout l'été, mettant à profit les rivalités tribales, les officiers chargés du recrutement parviennent à rassembler près de 1500 guerriers canaques. Cette participation indigène aux côtés des troupes régulières coloniales bloque l'extension de la révolte à toute l'île, avec d'autant plus d'efficacité que le commandement conserve les structures tribales plus adéquates sur ce type de terrain qu'une organisation à l'européenne. Il faut noter toutefois qu'au strict point de vue militaire, ces unités supplétives ne sont employées que pour des missions peu importantes et sont dépourvues d'armes à feu. On les retrouve cependant sur le terrain, ce qui n'est pas le cas de toutes les unités de volontaires européens, majoritairement employées à la défense de Nouméa sous forme de compagnies de « garde nationale ». On peut signaler également la présence d'irréguliers européens, broussards ou condamnés déportés, auprès des troupes régulières et ce jusqu'en avril 1879. Le recrutement européen représente en tout environ 2000 hommes.

Au-delà de l'impact militaire de la révolte, il faut retenir l'idée d'associer indigènes, colons, déportés et soldats réguliers dans le but de contrôler l'ensemble des paramètres tactiques et psychologiques inhérents à tout soulèvement de type insurrectionnel.
La politique coloniale de protection de la nature en Côte-d'Ivoire (1900-1958)
Authors: Ibo Guéhi Jonas
Published: December 2013

Tout en répondant à un souci de perpétuation de l'œuvre d'exploitation des richesses naturelles de la colonie de Côte-d'Ivoire, la politique coloniale de protection de la nature a quand même permis d'accumuler une certaine expérience dans ce domaine. Dans les limites d'une législation très dynamique, les pouvoirs coloniaux ont créé un important réseau de forêts classées et de parcs nationaux de refuge,
Dietrich Brandis et la gestion des forêts indiennes : la voie délaissée
Authors: Guha Ramachandra
Published: December 2013

This article is about the ideas of Dietrich Brandis, the first Inspecter General of Forests of British India, and the founder of the Indian Forest Department, regarding forest management and the regulation of forest use. Brandis was appointed as IGF in 1862 and held the post for 19 years. His view was that State control over the forests should be limited to forest areas of high commercial value, the management of the rest being left to the village communities in the form of Village Forests. But the prevailing view among the colonial officials was in favour of an extensive State monopoly of forest control combined with a strict régulation of forest use by the local people. It is this view which was embodied in the Indian Forest Act of 1878, which is still in force today. The hardships which the local populations have to face on this account have however stimulated local initiatives in a great many places in recent times, and through these the century-old views of Dietrich Brandis are now regaining ground in India.
La guerre de l'impôt dans les monts du Chaillu. Gabon, Moyen Congo (1909-1920)
Authors: Dupré Marie-Claude
Published: December 2013

En 1909, l'administration coloniale décide d'occuper tout le territoire du Gabon et du Moyen Congo. Dans les monts du Chaillu, les peuples sont nombreux et prospères. Ds annoncent qu'ils refusent de payer l'impôt et qu'ils résisteront aux Français. Les opérations militaires commencent en 1913. Très vite la famine gagne le pays, car le bétail et les plantations ont été détruites par les habitants. La maladie s'installe aussi. Lorsque l'administration civile revient, en 1920, le pays est ruiné et dépeuplé. Ce texte utilise les archives de la France d'outre-mer déposées à Aix-en-Provence, en les enrichissant par les informations récoltées sur place, au Congo, entre 1966 et 1972.
Résistances et mouvements anticoloniaux au Tchad (1914-1940)
Authors: Lanne Bernard
Published: December 2013

In 1916, the military conquest of Chad is over. Yet, in the following years, more or less organized groups of résistance fought against the colonial System. In Abéché, individual murders caused terrible repression. Mainly in the south-west of the country, dissidences took place sporadically until 1930 : In the Moyen Logone, administrateur Reverdy subdued the Moundou region. Mousseille country was gained thanks to action of the paramount chief Ouaidou. Dieu de Lam's revolt failed in the Léré region. At last, it was necessary to call out the army in 1929 to be done with the Daye of the Moyen Chari.
Coppolani revisité
Authors: Frébourg Cécile
Published: December 2013

L'étude de la vie de Xavier Coppolani (1866-1905), dont le nom est demeuré dans l'oubli, s'inscrit dans le cadre général de l'expansion d'outre-mer et le place aux côtés des grands administrateurs coloniaux. Personnage volontaire et ambitieux, Xavier Coppolani débute sa carrière en Algérie ; ses initiatives placeront la Mauritanie territoire civil de l'A.O.F. en 1904. Auteur avec Octave Depont d'un ouvrage monumental sur « les confréries religieuses musulmanes » (1897), et théoricien d'une politique originale d'occupation pacifique s'appuyant sur la collaboration des cheikhs ralliés, Coppolani devra tout d'abord faire ses preuves au Soudan devant les tribus touareg et maures. Puis il tentera le regroupement des régions maures. Une fois obtenue la soumission des territoires Trarza et Brakna, Coppolani meurt assassiné à Tidjikja lors d'une nouvelle mission de pacification au Tagant.
La naissance d'une capitale africaine : Lomé
Authors: Marguerat Yves
Published: December 2013

In order to bypass the British colonial customs and their Heavy taxes, some native traders created Lomé in 1880, just outside the eastern border of the Gold Coast Colony. So, this town appeared from its very beginning as a major trade center, whose inhabitants owned privately their plots of land. Some years later, a disagreement between England and France about the town of Aneho prevented either of them to intervene effectively on the spot. But an unauthorised interference from the Gold Coast authorities in Lomé triggered an appeal from the natives to a newcomer : Germany, who established in this totaly unexpected way the « Protectorate » of Togo. In 1897, Lomé became the capital of the territory and took advantage, from 1904 onwards, of the only wharf on the coast in order to assure its permanent dominance over the Togolese urban network.
Le régime des terres dans les aidées du XVIIIe siècle
Authors: D'Souza Florence
Published: December 2013

A la fin du XVIIIe siècle, la présence officielle des Français en Inde était réduite. Ceux qui y restèrent à titre privé, en contact direct avec la population indienne, purent noter de nombreux détails sur le village indien, qu'ils appelèrent « aidée ». Ils placèrent leurs observations sur la propriété des terres dans le cadre du débat européen sur le despotisme oriental. Ils soulignèrent les spécificités indiennes concernant les droits de culture de la terre et la perception des impôts, et une validation du pouvoir local par le pouvoir central. Ce paradoxe expliquerait l'opulence des provinces malgré la décadence de l'Empire mogol, les frontières flottantes des différentes principautés, les terres abandonnées ou brûlées et l'autonomie apparente de certaines aidées.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS HAVING AN IMPACT ON THE NOISE INDUCED BY MOTOR VAHICLES / APLINKOS VEIKSNIŲ ĮTAKA AUTOMOBILIŲ KELIAMAM TRIUKŠMUI
Authors: Akelaitytė Rasa , Januševičius Tomas
Published: December 2013

The transport sector is rapidly developing industry in Lithuania. Over the past few years, a significant increase in motor vehicles on our roads can be noticed. Both light and heavy vehicles create economic benefits, and, at the same time, cause ecological and social problems such as noise, a growing number of accidents and environmental pollution. In order to reduce the rate of accidents, many places have been equipped with speed-limiting humps. However, the vehicles approaching them will increase noise levels. The article describes a calculation method of how to determine the influence of various factors caused by car noise. Reflections on the surface, the atmosphere and sound waves on road obstacles can increase or decrease sounds in the environment. The above introduced factors must be taken into account conducting noise measurement tests.

Santrauka

Vis sparčiau Lietuvoje besivystant pramonei ir transporto sektoriui, per pastaruosius kelerius metus mūsų keliuose žymiai padaugėjo automobilių. Tiek lengvieji, tiek sunkieji automobiliai ne tik teikia ekonominį pelną, bet kartu su nauda lemia ir ekologines bei socialines problemas – kelia triukšmą, didėja avaringumas ir aplinkos tarša. Siekiant sumažinti avaringumą, daugelyje vietų yra įrengiami greičio ribojimo kalneliai. Triukšmas, keliamas automobiliams važiuojant per juos, prisideda prie bendro triukšmo. Pateikiami skaičiavimai, kaip nustatyti įvairių veiksnių įtaką automobilių triukšmo mastui. Garso atspindžiai, kelio danga, atmosfera, kliūtys garso bangų kelyje – visa tai gali padidinti arba sumažinti garsų sklidimą. Atliekant triukšmo matavimo tyrimus į šiuos veiksnius būtina atsižvelgti. Reikšminiai žodžiai: triukšmas, automobiliai, pataisos, garsas, autotransportas, greičio ribojimo kalneliai.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF AIR STREAM VELOCITY USING THE TWO-LEVEL CYCLONE / EKSPERIMENTINIAI ORO SRAUTO GREIČIŲ PASISKIRSTYMO DVIEJŲ LYGIŲ CIKLONE TYRIMAI
Authors: Baliukas Egidijus , Baltrėnas Pranas
Published: December 2013

In order to properly analysethe operation of a two-level multichannel cyclone,a studyon how air flow moves inside the cyclone is necessary. The two-level multichannel cyclone is designed to separate solid particles from the air stream andhas been built in the Environmental Protection Laboratory at Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. Researches on findinghow theair flow distributes withintwo levels and channels of the six-channel cyclone were made. Air velocity was measured using multimeter Testo–400 and dynamic Pito tube. Air velocity measurements in ducts before and after thedevice were done using an anemometer. The results showed that the air volume at both cyclone levels wereequal, and air velocity inthe channels that werethe same at both levels was also distributed equally. The highest air speed was measured at the end of the last IV channel and reached 13 m/s. Minimum air velocity can be observed when the rings are arranged in such way that 75% of the air flow returns to the previous channel, and the maximum speed is when the previous channel returns 25% of the air flow.

Article in Lithuanian.

Santrauka

Siekiant tinkamai išanalizuoti dviejų lygių daugiakanalio ciklono veikimą būtina išnagrinėti valomo oro srauto judėjimą. Šis įrenginys skirtas kietosioms dalelėms iš oro srauto valyti. Daugiakanalis dviejų lygių ciklonas sukurtas ir pastatytas Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universiteto Aplinkos apsaugos laboratorijoje. Tyrimais siekiama nustatyti oro srauto pasiskirstymą dviejuose šešiakanalio ciklono lygiuose bei kanaluose. Oro greičiams kanaluose nustatyti naudojamas daugiafunkcis matuoklis Testo-400 ir dinaminis Pito vamzdelis. Oro srauto greičiams matuoti ortakiuose prieš ir už įrenginio naudojamas sparninis anemometras. Rezultatai rodė, kad į abu ciklone įrengtus lygius patenka vienodas oro tūris, ir greičiai šių lygių kanaluose pasiskirsto vienodai. Didžiausias greitis – 13 m/s užfiksuotas paskutiniojo kanalo pabaigoje. Mažiausi oro greičiai kanaluose esti, kai žiedai sudėti taip, kad 75 % oro srauto grįžtų į ankstesnį kanalą, o didžiausias greitis yra tada, kai į ankstesnį kanalą grįžta 25 % oro srauto.
RESEARCH ON EMERGING AND DESCENDING AIRCRAFT NOISE / KYLANČIŲ IR BESILEIDŽIANČIŲ ORLAIVIŲ KELIAMO TRIUKŠMO TYRIMAI
Authors: Bartkevičiūtė Monika , Grubliauskas Raimondas
Published: December 2013

Along with an increase in the aircraft engine power and growth in air traffic, noise level at airports and their surrounding environs significantly increases. Aircraft noise is high level noise spreading within large radius and intensively irritating the human body. Air transport is one of the main sources of noise having a particularly strong negative impact on the environment. The article deals with activities and noises taking place in the largest nationwide Vilnius International Airport.The level of noise and its dispersion was evaluated conducting research on the noise generated by emerging and descending aircrafts in National Vilnius Airport. Investigation was carried out at 2 measuring points located in a residential area. There are different types of aircrafts causing different sound levels. It has been estimated the largest exceedances that occur when an aircraft is approaching. In this case, the noisiest types of aircrafts are B733, B738 and AT72. The sound level varies from 70 to 85 dBA. The quietest aircrafts are RJ1H and F70. When taking off, the equivalent of the maximum sound level value of these aircrafts does not exceed the authorized limits. The paper describes the causes of noise in aircrafts, the sources of origin and the impact of noise on humans and the environment.

Article in Lithuanian.

Santrauka

Padidėjus orlaivių variklių galiai ir daugėjant skrydžių, labai padidėjo oro uostuose ir šalia jų esančiose apylinkėse skleidžiamo triukšmo lygis. Lėktuvo keliamas triukšmas išsiskiria aukštu garso slėgio lygiu bei dideliu spinduliu sklindančiu garsu ir yra labiausiai dirginantis žmogaus organizmą. Orlaivių transportas – vienas pagrindinių triukšmo šaltinių, darantis ypač didelę neigiamą įtaką aplinkai. Nagrinėjamas Tarptautiniame Vilniaus oro uoste kylančių ir tupiančių orlaivių keliamas triukšmas. Triukšmo tyrimai atlikti gyvenamojoje aplinkoje greta oro uosto parinktose matavimo vietose. Pateikiami įvairių orlaivių tipų sukeliamo garso stiprumo – garso slėgio lygiai. Didžiausias leistinųjų verčių viršijimas nustatomas orlaiviams leidžiantis. Triukšmingiausi B733, B738 ir AT72 tipo orlaiviai – garso slėgio lygis 70–85 dBA. Vieni tyliausių orlaivių – RJ1H ir F70. Jiems kylant ekvivalentinės ir maksimalios garso slėgio lygio reikšmės neviršija leidžiamųjų. Aprašomos orlaivių keliamo triukšmo priežastys, kilimo šaltiniai. Nagrinėjamas triukšmo poveikis žmogui ir aplinkai.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE MULTI-CHANNEL SPIRAL CYCLONE / DAUGIAKANALIO SPIRALINIO CIKLONO ORO GREIČIŲ TYRIMAS
Authors: Danilenkaitė Justina , Chlebnikovas Aleksandras , Vaitiekūnas Petras
Published: December 2013

The article deals with a problem of experimental investigation and numerical simulation of gas aerodynamics of a multi-channel spiral cyclone with a tangential inlet. The paper presents an overview of experimental and theoretical works on the cyclones having a particularly complex turbulent flow and focuses on three-dimensional transport differential equations for a non-compressible laminar and turbulent flow inside the cyclone. The equations have been solved applying the numerical finite volume method using the RNG (Re–Normalisation Group) k-ε turbulence model. The numerical simulation of the flow cyclone has been carried out. The height of the cyclone is 0.80 m with 0.33 m in diameter, the height of the spiral–cylindrical part – 0.098 meters and that of the cone – 0.45 m. Inlet dimensions (cylindrical part on the side), in accordance with drawings makes a×b = 28×95 mm. The mathematical model for the air traffic movement cyclone has accounted for Navier-Stokes (Reynolds) three-dimensional differential equations. The simulation results have been obtained with reference to the cyclone of tangential velocity profiles using RNG k-ε turbulence model. The inlet velocity of 5.1 m/s slightly differs from experimental results, thus making an error of 7%. Article in Lithuanian. Santrauka Nagrinėjama dujų aerodinamikos daugiakanaliame spiraliniame ciklone eksperimentinio tyrimo ir skaitinio modeliavimo problema. Apžvelgti eksperimentiniai ir teoriniai ciklonų, kuriuose susidaro ypač sudėtingas sūkurinis srautas, tyrimai. Pateiktos nespūdžiojo laminarinio ir turbulentinio srauto tekėjimo ciklono viduje diferencialinės trimatės pernašos lygtys. Jos skaitiškai spręstos baigtinių tūrių metodu taikant RNG (Re – Normalisation Group) k–ε turbulencijos modelį. Atliktas skaitinis oro srauto judėjimo ciklone modeliavimas. Ciklono aukštis 0,80 m, skersmuo 0,33 m, spiralinės-cilindrinės dalies aukštis 0,098 m, kūginės – 0,45 m, įtekėjimo angos matmenys (cilindrinės dalies šone) pagal brėžinius yra a×b = 28×95 mm. Oro srauto judėjimo ciklone matematinį modelį sudaro Navjė ir Stokso (Reinoldso) trimačių diferencialinių lygčių sistema. Modeliavimo rezultatai, t. y. taikant RNG k–ε turbulencijos modelį (įtekėjimo greitis 5,1 m/s) gauti tangentinio greičio ciklone kitimo duomenys, nežymiai (su 7 % paklaida) skyrėsi nuo eksperimentinių rezultatų.
EXPERIMENTAL REEARCH ON APPLYING LAVSAN IN THE AIR BIOFILTRATION PROCESS / LAVSANO TAIKYMO ORO BIOFILTRACIJOS PROCESE EKSPERIMENTINIAI TYRIMAI
Authors: Zagorskis Alvydas , Milaknytė Aleksandra
Published: December 2013

Air cleaning efficiency tests on placing material load into the lavsan biofilter were carried out. Testing included butanol vapour-contaminated air stream pulled during the boot. The studies were conducted by the Department of Environmental Protection at VGTU that developed a biofilter – an experimental biological air cleaning device. Measurements were done using 60 l/min and 90 l/min air volume aspirators under the initial pollutant concentration making 180, 305, 350, 440 and 545 mg/m3. Before measuring the concentrations of butanol lavsan cartridge, loading was periodically irrigated with nutrient-rich solution. In order to evaluate the influence of microorganisms on genus Pseudomonas, cleaning efficiency tests were repeated – Boot was moistened with water only, which allowed measuring butanol vapour concentrations after the cartridge. At the concentration of 180±9 mg/m3, efficiency reached 41% at a speed of 0,07 m/s and 46 % at a speed of 0,10 m/s. Measuring the performance of the initial concentration of 545±67 mg/m3, efficiency was 54% at 0,07 m/s and 53 % at 0,10 m/s respectively.

Article in Lithuanian.

Santrauka

Atlikti oro valymo efektyvumo tyrimai į lašelinį biofiltrą įkrovus lavsano medžiagos įkrovą. Bandymų metu pro įkrovą buvo traukiamas butanolio garais užterštas oro srautas. Tyrimai atliekami naudojant VGTU Aplinkos apsaugos katedroje sukurtą eksperimentinį biologinį oro valymo įrenginį – biofiltrą. Matavimai atlikti leidžiant 60 l/min. ir 90 l/min. oro kiekį aspiratoriumi. Pradinės teršalo koncentracijos – 180, 305, 350, 440, 545 mg/m3. Prieš matuojant butanolio koncentracijas panaudojant lavsano medžiagos kasetę, įkrova buvo periodiškai drėkinama maistinių medžiagų prisotintu tirpalu. Pseudomonas genties mikroorganizmų įtakai valymo efektyvumui įvertinti tyrimai buvo pakartoti – įkrovos sudrėkinamos tik vandeniu, leidžiami butanolio garai, ir matuojamos koncentracijos panaudojus lavsano medžiagos kasetę. Esant 180±89 mg/m3 koncentracijai biofiltro oro valymo efektyvumas siekė 41 %, kai per įkrovą leidžiamo dujų srauto greitis buvo 0,07 m/s, ir 46 %, kai greitis 0,10 m/s. Nustatyta valymo efektyvumas. Esant 545±55 mg/m3 pradinei koncentracijai jis siekė 54 % (0,07 m/s) ir 53 % (0,10 m/s).
MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SUPPLY SOLUTIONS TO PUBLIC NEARLY ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS / BEVEIK NULINIO ENERGIJOS BALANSO VISUOMENINIŲ PASTATŲ APRŪPINIMO ENERGIJA SPRENDIMAI, DAUGIAKRITERĖ ANALIZĖ
Authors: Šiupšinskas Giedrius , Adomėnaitė Solveiga
Published: December 2013

The article analyzes energy supply alternatives for modernised public nearly zero energy buildings. The paper examines alternative energy production systems such as heat pumps (air-water and ground-water), solar collectors, adsorption cooling, biomass boiler, solar photovoltaic, wind turbines and combinations of these systems. The simulation of the analysed building energy demand for different energy production alternatives has been performed using TRNSYS modelling software. In order to determine an optimal energy supply variant, the estimated results of energy, environmental, and economic evaluation have been converted into non-dimensional variables (3E) using multi-criteria analysis. Article in Lithuanian. Santrauka Siekiant beveik nulinio energijos balanso modernizuotame viešosios paskirties pastate, nagrinėjamos aprūpinimo energija alternatyvos. Tiriamos šios alternatyvios aprūpinimo energija sistemos: šilumos siurbliai (gruntas–vanduo ir oras– vanduo), saulės kolektoriai, adsorbcinė vėsinimo mašina, biokuro katilas, saulės elementai, vėjo jėgainė – ir šių sistemų deriniai. Skirtingų aprūpinimo energija variantų energijos poreikiai modeliuojami TRNSYS (The Transient System Simulation Program) modeliavimo programa. Siekiant nustatyti optimalų aprūpinimo energija variantą, gauti energinio, ekologinio ir ekonominio vertinimų rezultatai daugiakriterės analizės būdu perskaičiuojami į nedimensinius rodiklius (3E).
PREPARATION OF METEOROLOGICAL DATA FOR INCREASING RENEWABLE ENERGY INTEGRATION / METEOROLOGINIŲ DUOMENŲ RENGIMAS ATSINAUJINANČIOSIOS ENERGIJOS INTEGRAVIMO PROCESUI SKATINTI
Authors: Žėkas Vygantas , Martinaitis Vytautas , Streckienė Giedrė
Published: December 2013

Along with a growth in the spread of renewable energy (RE) use, the demand of reliable and more detailed data about the disposable RE source is increasing. The paper presents the initial stage of processing meteorological data as baseline information for describing the RE potential. The analysis method of descriptive statistics has been applied for data processing. Research was performed to illustrate the benefit of the applied analysis. Using meteorological data collected in the Laboratory of Building Energy and Microclimate Systems of Civil Engineering Research Centre, the analysis of received findings and statistical processing was performed. The research showed that statistical characteristics gave additional valuable information about dominant RE streams in a particular location. It was determined that the chaotic nature of stream variation and occurred outliers of values influence the values of RE streams greatly when average magnitudes are calculated. Having the limits of values to RE stream variation and the weighted centre of distribution without outliers creates a possibility of selecting a RE transformer or their combination more objectively and choosing equipment operation parameters to use local conditions better. The evaluation of local meteorological conditions applying statistical methods may help both the energy user and the creator of a technological solution to developing sustainable RE expansion.

Article in Lithuanian.

Santrauka

Didėjant atsinaujinančiosios energijos išteklių (AEI) naudojimo mastui, auga poreikis turėti patikimus ir vis išsamesnius disponuojamo atsinaujinančiosios energijos šaltinio duomenis. Pristatomas pirminis meteorologinių duomenų, kaip pradinės AEI potencialą apibūdinančios informacijos, apdorojimo etapas. Apdorojant duomenis taikomas aprašomosios statistikos analizės metodas. Šios analizės taikymo privalumams iliustruoti buvo atliktas tyrimas – Civilinės inžinerijos mokslo centro Pastato energetinių ir mikroklimato sistemų laboratorijoje sukauptų meteorologinių duomenų analizė ir statistinis apdorojimas. Kaip parodė tyrimas, statistinės charakteristikos suteikia vertingos papildomos informacijos apie konkrečioje vietoje vyraujančius AEI srautus. Nustatyta, kad, skaičiuojant vidutines AEI srautų reikšmes, didelę įtaką daro chaotiška srautų kitimo prigimtis ir pasitaikančios reikšmių išskirtys. Turint AEI srautų kitimo reikšmių ribas ir pasiskirstymo svorinį centrą atmetus išskirtis, galima objektyviau išsirinkti AEI transformatorių, transformatorių derinį ar parinkti labiau vietos sąlygas atitinkančius įrenginio darbinius parametrus. Vietos meteorologinių sąlygų įvertinimas statistikos priemonėmis gali padėti tiek energijos vartotojui, tiek technologinio sprendinio kūrėjui prisidėti prie darniosios AEI plėtros.
Evidence for Genetic Association of CARD9 and SNAPC4 with Ankylosing Spondylitis in a Chinese Han Population
Authors: Ma Xiaochun , Liu Yongchao , Zhang Hua , Qiu Rongfang , Zhao Hailing , Xin Qian , Shan Shan , Dang Jie , Li Jiangxia , Yang Ze , Gong Yaoqin , Liu Qiji
Published: December 2013

Objective.

A genome-wide association study and 2 replication studies identified 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) and small nuclear RNA-activating complex polypeptide 4 (SNAPC4) at Chr 9q34.3 associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in whites. We explored a possible association of SNP in CARD9 and SNAPC4 and AS in a Chinese Han population from Shandong.

Methods.

The study included 1150 patients with AS and 1120 healthy controls who underwent genotyping for 4 SNP of CARD9 and 2 of SNAPC4; we replicated the results in another 490 patients and 380 healthy controls of Ningxia Han Chinese during the same time. We used quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to measure CARD9 and SNAPC4 mRNA expression in peripheral leukocytes from 44 patients and 36 controls and allele-specific mRNA expression of CARD9 and SNAPC4 in leukocytes from 130 controls.

Results.

We validated that an SNP in SNAPC4, rs11145835, was significantly associated with AS in our Chinese Han population (p = 0.001) and replicated the association in samples from the Chinese Ningxia Han population (p = 0.002). Carrying the G allele of rs11145835 was associated with increased risk of AS (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.12–1.59) and with decreased expression of CARD9 (p = 0.001) and SNAPC4 (p = 0.02) in leukocytes. SNAPC4 mRNA expression was lower in leukocytes from patients than from controls (p = 0.0002).

Conclusion.

Our study confirmed that an SNP rs11145835 in 9q34.3 that harbors CARD9 and SNAPC4 is associated with AS in a Chinese Han population, and rs11145835 in SNAPC4 is a potential causal variant.
Plasma Adipokine Levels and Their Association with Overall Burden of Painful Joints among Individuals with Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Perruccio Anthony V. , Mahomed Nizar N. , Chandran Vinod , Gandhi Rajiv
Published: December 2013

Objective.

To investigate the association between plasma adipokine levels and the burden of painful joints among individuals with hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods.

Adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, adipsin, resistin) were determined by ELISA (n = 78). Individuals reported painful joints on a homunculus. Associations were examined by sex-stratified Poisson analyses.

Results.

Adjusted for age, body mass index, and hip/knee OA, higher leptin and adiponectin and lower adipsin levels were associated with greater painful joint burden (i.e., counts) among women (p < 0.01). Among men, higher resistin levels were associated with lower counts (p = 0.03).

Conclusion.

Findings support the likelihood of a systemic-dependent sex-specific pain burden among individuals with OA.
Determining a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Inflammatory Activity Acceptable State Without Subsequent Radiographic Progression in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results from a Followup MRI Study of 254 Patients in Clinical Remission or Low Disease Activity
Authors: Gandjbakhch Frédérique , Haavardsholm Espen A. , Conaghan Philip G. , Ejbjerg Bo , Foltz Violaine , Brown Andrew K. , Døhn Uffe Møller , Lassere Marissa , Freeston Jane E. , Olsen Inge Christoffer , Bøyesen Pernille , Bird Paul , Fautrel Bruno , Hetland Merete Lund , Emery Paul , Bourgeois Pierre , Hørslev-Petersen Kim , Kvien Tore K. , McQueen Fiona M. , Østergaard Mikkel
Published: December 2013

Objective.

To assess the predictive value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-detected subclinical inflammation for subsequent radiographic progression in a longitudinal study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in clinical remission or low disease activity (LDA), and to determine cutoffs for an MRI inflammatory activity acceptable state in RA in which radiographic progression rarely occurs.

Methods.

Patients with RA in clinical remission [28-joint Disease Activity Score-C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) < 2.6, n = 185] or LDA state (2.6 ≤ DAS28-CRP < 3.2, n = 69) with longitudinal MRI and radiographic data were included from 5 cohorts (4 international centers). MRI were assessed according to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) RA MRI scoring system (RAMRIS). Statistical analyses included an underlying conditional logistic regression model stratified per cohort, with radiographic progression as dependent variable.

Results.

A total of 254 patients were included in the multivariate analyses. At baseline, synovitis was observed in 95% and osteitis in 49% of patients. Radiographic progression was observed in 60 patients (24%). RAMRIS synovitis was the only independent predictive factor in multivariate analysis. ROC analysis identified a cutoff value for baseline RAMRIS synovitis score of 5 (maximum possible score 21). Rheumatoid factor (RF) status yielded a significant interaction with synovitis (p value = 0.044). RF-positive patients with a RAMRIS synovitis score of > 5 vs ≤ 5, had an OR of 4.4 (95% CI 1.72–11.4) for radiographic progression.

Conclusion.

High MRI synovitis score predicts radiographic progression in patients in clinical remission/LDA. A cutoff point for determining an MRI inflammatory activity acceptable state based on the RAMRIS synovitis score was established. Incorporating MRI in future remission criteria should be considered.
Fuentes renacentistas de las geometrías de Juan Pérez de Moya
Authors: Céu Silva M.
Published: December 2013

Juan Pérez de Moya, conocido en la Península Ibérica por la publicación de la Arithmetica Practica, y speculativa, fue también el autor de un interesante trabajo geométrico, aún no suficientemente conocido. En este artículo nos centramos en las características, evolución y metodología de los textos de geometría de Moya para dar a conocer los objetivos que quería alcanzar con cada uno de ellos, los temas que desarrolla y los trabajos que le han servido como referencia. La comparación que hemos establecido con algunas de las mejores obras matemáticas del Renacimiento nos ha permitido identificar las principales fuentes de Moya y evaluar el impacto que tuvieron en la preparación de sus textos. Las revisiones que Moya introdujo en su obra para llegar a un compromiso efectivo entre los aspectos teórico y práctico lo reafirman como un geómetra práctico preocupado con la teoría y como el principal divulgador de los Elementos de Euclides en la España del siglo XVI.
Diccionario Histórico del Español moderno de aparatos de física experimental: documentación de los términos del siglo XVIII
Authors: Nomdedeu Rull Antoni , Iglesia Martín Sandra
Published: December 2013

El objetivo de este estudio es presentar la documentación de los términos referidos a aparatos en textos de Física experimental del siglo XVIII y realizar su análisis léxico y lexicográfico. A partir de la metodología de trabajo del grupo NEOLCYT (http://seneca.uab.es/neolcyt), se pretende sentar las bases para la elaboración de un Diccionario histórico del español moderno de aparatos de Física experimental (DHEMAFE) como parte del Diccionario histórico del español moderno de la ciencia y de la técnica (DHEMCYT) del grupo NEOLCYT.
Los resultados del análisis de los datos muestran que los textos analizados tuvieron una influencia decisiva en el desarrollo de la Física experimental en España y permitieron la divulgación de neologismos referidos a aparatos en este periodo. Los textos que conforman el corpus de análisis presentan un porcentaje muy elevado de términos no documentados ni en nuestra lexicografía (31,37%) ni en el CORDE (83,4%), datos que refuerzan la necesidad de seguir en esta línea de investigación de cara a la elaboración del DHEMAFE.
El Morbus gallicus o Mal francés en La Lozana andaluza de Francisco Delicado
Authors: Herrero Ingelmo M.ª Cruz , Montero Cartelle Enrique
Published: December 2013

Se estudia en este trabajo el trasfondo de la sífilis, mal que impregna toda La Lozana andaluza. La comparación de la descripción de esta enfermedad con la literatura médica del momento nos permite ver el sustrato de donde el autor se nutre para la creación de su obra literaria. Ello esclarece muchos pasajes de esta obra y los sitúa en su contexto social, cultural y médico.
La botella medio vacía: Emilio Huelín, la vulgarización científica y el debate de la ciencia española en el Sexenio democrático y los primeros años de la Restauración
Authors: Corell Doménech Mavi
Published: December 2013

Este artículo ofrece la biografía del ingeniero de minas Emilio Huelín Newmann (Málaga, 1829-Madrid, 1904) y analiza su trabajo como vulgarizador de la ciencia entre 1870 y 1876 en La Ilustración Española y Americana (Madrid, 1869-1921) y otras publicaciones. Erudito y políglota, su perfil de divulgador científico es equiparable al de los vulgarizadores europeos de mediados del siglo XIX. En su intento por promocionar la ciencia, Huelín difundió una imagen negativa de la actividad científica española, que en parte obedecía a la realidad. Como vulgarizador científico se esforzó por aportar nuevas ideas para contribuir al desarrollo social, cultural y económico de su país.
Introducción: las ciencias de la mente y la historia de la subjetividad
Authors: Novella Enric J.
Published: December 2013

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RFID
Authors: Permala Antti , Rantasila Karri , Pilli-Sihvola Eetu , Hinkka Ville
Published: December 2013

The use of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tracking in closed systems is replacing barcode as dominant tracking system in many industrial sectors because RFID enables reading multiple objects simultaneously without visual contact. To enlarge tracking systems to cover global supply chains, all aspects related to RFID, such as radio frequencies, data content, transmission protocols, and message sets, need to be standardised. By collecting, processing, and distributing information efficiently, organisations should be able to improve the efficiency of their transport logistics processes, lower their operational costs, and improve their portfolio of logistics services. This chapter describes the current perspectives, challenges, and benefits of RFID tracking applications in manufacturing industry. The perspectives derived from review of previous research are validated by using case study method.
Ordering Policy for Imperfect-Quality Deteriorating Items with Initial-Inspection and Allowable Shortage under the Condition of Permissible Delay in Payments
Authors: Jaggi Chandra K. , Mittal Mandeep
Published: December 2013

While developing the inventory model with shortages under permissible delay in payments, it has been observed in the literature that the researchers have not considered the fact that the retailer can earn interest on the revenue generated after fulfilling the outstanding demand as soon as he receives the new consignment at the start of the cycle. Owing to this fact, the present study investigates the impact of interest earned from revenue generated after fulfilling the stock out at the start of the cycle on a single commodity inventory model with shortages for deteriorating item, in which the whole lot goes through an inspection process on arrival before entering into inventory system, under the conditions of permissible delay in payments. After inspection, the non-defective items are retained to fulfill the demand and the defective items are returned to the supplier. The results have been demonstrated with the help of a numerical example using the tools of Matlab7.0.1.
Innovating Practices in Managing Engineering Design Projects
Authors: Gonçalves Fernando Abreu , Figueiredo José
Published: December 2013

We can address innovation from different perspectives. In engineering practices we can look to changes resulting from attempts to discover ways of overcoming difficulties. How can we manage these innovative practices in engineering design projects? Furthering our perspective we use an actor-network way to look at change processes as chains of translations between heterogeneous actors that are enrolled in changes and where patterns of action are inscribed in durable manners. In an actor-network, the chains of inscriptions are stronger if the number of aligned actors is bigger, and this is the case of engineering projects where the cost of change builds up with time. Through the use of some stylized situations, the authors construct a Perturbation Index to obtain numeric values to assess the dynamics of innovations in engineering practices. The aim is that the application of this index to real situations could lead to meaningful descriptions of such innovation processes. Managing innovation in engineering design projects has to do with the management of project scope. The proposal extends scope management from its definition and planning phases through the control of changes along the execution.
Soft Sets
Authors: Majumdar Pinaki
Published: December 2013

This chapter is about soft sets. A brief account of the developments that took place in last 14 years in the field of Soft Sets Theory (SST) has been presented. It begins with a brief introduction on soft sets and then it describes many generalizations of it. The notions of generalized fuzzy soft sets are defined and their properties are studied. After that, a notion of mapping, called soft mapping, in soft set setting is introduced. Later, algebraic structures on soft sets like soft group, soft ring, etc. are discussed. Then the next section deals with the concept of topology on soft sets. Here two notions of topology in soft sets are introduced, which are the topology of soft subsets and the soft topology, respectively. The idea of entropy for soft sets is defined in the later section. Next, some applications of hybrid soft sets in solving real life problems like medical diagnosis, decision-making, etc. are shown. Issues like measurement of similarity of soft sets are also addressed.
A Shannon-Like Solution for the Fundamental Equation of Information Science
Authors: de Castro Alexandre
Published: December 2013

In a seminal paper published in the early 1980s titled “Information Technology and the Science of Information,” Bertram C. Brookes theorized that a Shannon-Hartley's logarithmic-like measure could be applied to both information and recipient knowledge structure in order to satisfy his “Fundamental Equation of Information Science.” To date, this idea has remained almost forgotten, but, in what follows, the authors introduce a novel quantitative approach that shows that a Shannon-Hartley's log-like model can represent a feasible solution for the cognitive process of retention of information described by Brookes. They also show that if, and only if, the amount of information approaches 1 bit, the “Fundamental Equation” can be considered an equality in stricto sensu, as Brookes required.
User Page Reviews in Usability Testing
Authors: Lentz Leo , Elling Sanne
Published: December 2013

Websites increasingly encourage users to provide comments on the quality of specific pages by clicking on a feedback button and filling out a feedback form. The authors investigate users’ (N=153) abilities to provide such feedback and the kind of feedback that is the result. They compare the results of these so called user page review methods with the concurrent think-aloud method, applied on the same Websites. Results show that it is important to keep feedback tools both simple and attractive so that users will be able and willing to provide feedback. The authors also find that the number of problem detections is higher in the review condition, but the two methods seem to be highly complementary. An analysis of the detections from a practice-oriented perspective reveals that the overlap between the two methods is rather high and that reviewing participants seem capable of signalling important problems that are also exposed in a think-aloud study.
Web Service Evaluation Using Probabilistic Models
Authors: Zimeras S.
Published: December 2013

Information system users, administrators, and designers are all interested in performance evaluation since their goal is to obtain or provide the highest performance at the lowest cost. This goal has resulted in continuing evolution of higher performance and lower cost systems leading to today’s proliferation of workstations and personal computers, many of which have better performance than earlier supercomputers. As the variety of Web services applications (Websites) increases, it gets more important to have a set of evaluation criteria that should evaluate the performance of their effectiveness. Based on those criteria, the quality of the services that the Web applications are providing could be analysed. This work represents software metrics that could (or need) be used to quantify the quality of the information that the Web services are providing. These measures could be useful to understand problematic frameworks during the implementation of the Websites and could lead to solutions preventing those problems.
Hybridizing Harmony Search Algorithm with Multi-Parent Crossover to Solve Real World Optimization Problems
Authors: Abu Doush Iyad , Alkhateeb Faisal , Al Maghayreh Eslam , Al-Betar Mohammed Azmi , Hasan Basima Hani F.
Published: December 2013

Harmony search algorithm (HSA) is a recent evolutionary algorithm used to solve several optimization problems. The algorithm mimics the improvisation behaviour of a group of musicians to find a good harmony. Several variations of HSA have been proposed to enhance its performance. In this paper, a new variation of HSA that uses multi-parent crossover is proposed (HSA-MPC). In this technique three harmonies are used to generate three new harmonies that will replace the worst three solution vectors in the harmony memory (HM). The algorithm has been applied to solve a set of eight real world numerical optimization problems (1-8) introduced for IEEE-CEC2011 evolutionary algorithm competition. The experimental results of the proposed algorithm are compared with the original HSA, and two variations of HSA: global best HSA and tournament HSA. The HSA-MPC almost always shows superiority on all test problems.