bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus in Broiler Flocks with Respiratory symptoms in some Provinces of Iran
Authors: Makki Foroogh , Boroomand Zahra , Mayahi Mansour , Shapouri Masoud Reza Seyfi Abad
Published: August 2021

Background: Newcastle disease, is one of the most important diseases of the poultry industry, has many economic losses. The aim of this study was to isolate and determine the molecular identity of Newcastle disease virus in 40 broiler flocks with respiratory symptoms in four provinces of Iran.Methods and Results: Samples of farms with respiratory symptoms were collected from different regions of Isfahan, East Azerbaijan, Golestan, and Khuzestan provinces and inoculated into 9-day-old embryonated chicken eggs. The Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to detect the Newcastle disease virus on allantoic fluid. Of the 40 flocks, the virus was isolated and identified in 16 flocks. The PCR products of 16 isolates were sequenced and a phylogenetic tree was drawn. Accordingly, six isolates were in genotype II and ten isolates were in subgenotype VIId of class II. Conclusion: Both genotypes were present in all four provinces. The isolates of Khuzestan province showed the greatest diversity compared to the other three provinces. The similarity of isolates belonging to genotype II in this study was observed with Pakistan, China, and Nigeria and other isolates were similar to previous isolates in Iran. Also, the highest amino acid sequence in the F-protein cleavage site was 112RRQKR/F117 for VIId genotype isolates and 112GRQGR/L117 for II genotype isolates.
Minimally Invasive Pedicle Screw Fixation, Including the Fractured Vertebra, Combined with Percutaneous Vertebroplasty for Treatment of Acute Thoracolumbar Osteoporotic Compression Fracture in Middle-Age and Elderly Individuals
Authors: liu hong , Xu jinwei , Sun guanrong , Shi weifeng , Xiang liming , Chen shan
Published: August 2021

Background: To evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of minimally invasive pedicle screw (MIPS) fixation, including the fractured vertebra, combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for the treatment of acute thoracolumbar osteoporotic compression fracture in middle-age and elderly individuals.Methods: Between January 2016 and August 2019, a total of 30 patients, with a mean age of 69.4 years (range, 58–75 years), who experienced thoracic or lumbar fracture without neurological deficits, underwent the MIPS procedure combined with PVP. Preoperative and postoperative pain were assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Cobb angles and anterior column height were measured on lateral radiographs before surgery and at 3 days, 1, 3, and 6 months, and 1 and 2 years at final follow-up after surgery.Results: All patients underwent surgery successfully, with a mean follow-up of 18.2 ± 5.7 months (range, 12–45 months). Mean preoperative VAS score decreased from 7.3±2.2 to 1.4±0.3 at the final follow-up (p<0.05). Mean preoperative ODI decreased from 84.2±10.3 to 18.8±7.5 (p<0.05) at the final follow-up. The Kyphosis angle of operative segment was improved from preoperative (21.38±1.68)° to(4.01 ± 1.38)°3 days postoperatively and(5.02±1.09)°at final follow up (p<0.05).The anterior vertebral height was improved from preoperative(49.86±6.50)% to(94.01±1.79)% 3 days postoperatively and (91.80±1.88)% at final follow up (p<0.05). No significant changes in vertebral body height restoration were observed during 2 years of follow-up after surgery. In addition, there were no instrumentation failures or complications in any of the patients.Conclusions: MIPS, including the fractured vertebra, combined with PVP, was a reliable and safe procedure, with satisfactory clinical and radiological results for the treatment of thoracolumbar osteoporotic compression fracture in patients without neurological deficits.
Application of Iced Normal Saline Combined with Cocktail Perfusion in Total Knee Arthroplasty:Randomized Controlled Trialrandomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sui Laijian , Jiang Aihua , Gai Pengzhou , Qi Xiaojun , Wang Jinwei , Wang Jing , Wang Xiufeng , Wang Guangda
Published: August 2021

Background: The present study was designed to investigate the safety and effectiveness of iced normal saline combined with cocktail perfusion during total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Method: Sixty patients undergoing TKA were divided into three groups, then three different intro-operative articular cavity perfusion treatment was given according to the randomized, double-blind and controlled rule. One way ANOVA analysis on visual analogue scale (VAS) score, functional recovery, drainage, and edema of the affected limb were performed to assess the efficiency of the treatment in the following three days after the operation.Results: Postoperative drainage in group A and B reduced significantly (P<0.05). The IHC scores of the surgical limbs were markedly lower comparing with the control group (P<0.05). No differential postoperative edema was observed and the patient acquired better rehabilitation in group A and B than control group. Compared with group A, no differential postoperative drainage and edema was seen in group B (P>0.05). The VAS score of group B was significantly lower than in group A(P<0.05). Postoperative recovery of the surgical limb function in group B was better than in group A (P<0.05), and PGE2 in the postoperative drainage volume of group B was significantly decreased (P<0.05).Conclusions: Intra-operation articular cavity perfusion therapy with iced normal saline combined with cocktail perfusion therapy can greatly reduce the early inflammation, contributing to the better rehabilitation of TKA.
Improving the electrical and optical properties of C50 fullerene using the Donor-Acceptor groups
Authors: Ayoubikaskooli Ali , Ghaedi Abdol Mohammad , Shamlouei Hamid Reza , Saghapour Yadollah
Published: August 2021

In this research, the C50 fullerene was employed as the source of the π electrons and the electron donor-acceptor groups were used to enhance its optical properties. Considerable enhancement in its electronic and optical property of as the result of donor and acceptor group presence was observed. For instance, in UV-Visible absorption spectrum, the number of absorption lines significantly increase which may be the relaxation of the electronic transition selection rules. Considerably, the substituted forms of C50, has numbers of absorption bands in near infrared region. The BH2–C50-NCH3Li and NO–C50-NCH3Li molecules have superior improvement in optical properties. Finally, the donor and acceptor groups influence on non-linear optical properties (NLO) of C50 were explored and the considerable improvement in NLO properties of C50 was observed which the NLO improvements for BH2-C50-NCH3Li and NO-C50-CH2Li cases is higher than others.
A Randomized Sham-controlled Trial of Manual Acupuncture for Infertile Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Pan Wen , Li Feng-xing , Wang Qiao , Yin Xiu-qi , Huang Zou-qin , Yan Yu-ming , Zhao Ling , Shen Xue-yong
Published: August 2021

Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture combined with herbal medicine among the infertile female with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Method: A randomized, sham-controlled trial was conducted. A total of 86 women who were diagnosed as PCOS infertility for more than 1 year were randomly assigned to receive manual acupuncture (MA) or sham acupuncture (SA) twice per week for three menstrual cycles. Both groups received herbal medicine treatment. The evaluations were conducted at baseline, each menstruation, after three menstrual cycles and 24 weeks follow-up, including pregnancy rate, ovulation rate, sex hormones level, PCOS symptoms and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome scores. Results: Among 86 randomized patients, 79 (91.86%) completed the trial. The pregnancy rate in the MA group was significantly higher than the SA group (46.34% vs 18.42%; P =0.008). The ovulation rate of the MA group was higher than the SA group (58.14% vs 45.74%; P =0.046). The improvement rate of PCOS score and testosterone level showed a statistical difference between the two groups( P <0.05), others were no significant difference between the two groups. PCOS score and TCM symptom score of the two groups were both decreased after treatment ( P <0.001). Sex hormones level including E2, T, P, LH and LH/FSH were significantly lower after intervention in the MA group ( P values were <0.05) compared with baseline, while only the progesterone level was reduced in the SA group ( P =0.008). Conclusion: Manual acupuncture combined with herbal medicine may be clinically useful for infertile women with PCOS in improving pregnancy and ovulation rate.
Fabrication of PVA/ GO Nanofiber Films by Electrospinning: Application for the Adsorption of Cu2+ and Organic Dyes
Authors: He Yao , tian huafeng , Xiang Aimin , Ma Songbai , Yin Duoyuan , A. Varada Rajulu
Published: August 2021

In recent years, the treatment of water pollution has been a challenging and far-reaching topic. In order to improve the adsorption performance of polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers, a new nano-adsorbent graphene oxide was introduced into them in this work. The introduction of GO greatly increases the adsorption of Cu2+, Methylene blue (MB) and Congo Red (CR). The adsorption kinetics and isotherm analysis of the PVA/GO nanofiber film during the adsorption process showed that the adsorption of Cu2+ and MB by PVA/GO nanofiber film was mainly chemical adsorption, while the adsorption of CR was mainly physical adsorption. The adsorption process of PVA/GO nanofiber film on Cu2+ was in line with the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model, that is, single molecular layer adsorption, the distribution of adsorption active sites was relatively uniform, and the increasing temperature was more conducive to the adsorption of Cu2+.
Factors Related to Information and Communication Technologies Adoption in Small Businesses in Colombia
Authors: Duran Julian , Castillo Rubén
Published: August 2021

This study is an analysis of how a set of factors influenced the decision to adopt information and communication technologies (ICTs) in small businesses in Colombia; for this purpose, a logistic modeling is applied wherein the explained variable represents the companies’ decision to adopt ICTs. The main explanatory elements include the demographic aspects of the owner, the company characteristics, and the legal practice of the company and its social capital. Data from the Microbusiness Survey 2019 conducted by the National Administrative Department of Statistics of Colombia were employed. The study results noted that personal aspects such as the age and gender of the owner have an impact on the adoption of ICTs. Moreover, computer equipment is critical in these small businesses, thereby making a policy of subsidizing the acquisition of these devices relevant. In addition, business formality and social capital ties have a positive influence on the use of ICTs.
Gut and Colony Microbiota of Honey Bees Apis mellifera: Social Immunity, Opportunistic Disease and Survival Overwinter.
Authors: Anderson Kirk E. , Maes Patrick
Published: August 2021

BackgroundOverwintering is a major contributor to honey bee colony loss and involves changes in environmental conditions, host physiology and group behavior that influence disease susceptibility. Honey bees possess a secretory head gland that interfaces with the extended colony environment on many levels, producing pro-oxidants, antioxidants and antimicrobial peptides. With the coming of winter, colonies produce a long-lived (diutinus) worker phenotype that survives until environmental conditions improve. We used a known-age worker cohort to investigate microbiome integrity and social gene expression of diutinus workers overwinter. We provide additional context by contrasting host-microbial interactions from warm outdoor and cold indoor overwintering environments. ResultsWe produce the first evidence that social immune gene expression is associated with the core hindgut and colony microbiota in honey bees, and highlight the midgut as a target of opportunistic disease overwinter. We discovered a distinct physiological and microbiological trajectory for diutinus workers that differs drastically from younger, short-lived workers in the colony. Diutinus bees were associated with decreased fungal load and decreased bacterial diversity, and increased core microbiota and longevity. Colonies overwintered indoors maintained a stable or improved microbiota structure and complimentary gene expression overwinter. In contrast, workers from colonies overwintered outdoors in warm southern conditions possessed changes co-occurring throughout the alimentary tract microbiota that suggest opportunistic disease progression and resistance in diutinus workers, but susceptibility to opportunistic disease in younger workers that emerged during the winter, including increases in Enterobacteriaceae, fungal load and bacterial diversity abundance. ConclusionsOur results highlight social selection pressures that shaped the colony and hindgut microbiome with evolution to a perennial life history. The results are consistent with a “group level” explanation of social immunity, including host associations with the colony microbiota, and a social immune response by long-lived diutinus workers to accompany microbial opportunism. The cost/benefit ratio associated with limited expression of the diutinus phenotype may be a strong determinant of colony survival overwinter. The relationship of colony and gut microbiota with social immune function highlights the range of host-microbial interaction associated with the honey bee superorganism, and its potential influence on colony health, disease resistance and gut integrity.
How to Make Online Mood-monitoring in Bipolar Patients a Success? A Qualitative Exploration of Requirements.
Authors: Geerling Bart , Kelders Saskia M. , Kupka Ralph W. , Stevens Anja W.W.M. , Bohlmeijer Ernst T.
Published: August 2021

Background The Life-Chart Method (LCM) is an effective self-management treatment option in bipolar disorder (BD). There is insufficient knowledge about the consumers' needs and desires for an e-monitoring solution. The first step towards a new mood monitoring application is an extended inventory among consumers and professionals.BackgroundThe aim of the current study was: to identify opinions about online mood monitoring of patients with BD and professionals and to identify preferences on design, technical features and options facilitating optimal use and implementation of online mood monitoring.This study used a qualitative design with focus groups. Participants were recruited among patients and care providers. Three focus groups were held with eight consumers and five professionals. ResultsThe focus group meetings reveal a shared consciousness of the importance of using the Life-Chart Method for online mood monitoring. There is a need for personalization, adjustability, a strict privacy concept, an adjustable graphic report, and a link to early intervention strategies in the design. Due to the fact that this is a qualitative study with a relative small number of participants, so it remains unclear whether the results are fully generalizable. We can’t rule out a selection bias.Conclusions This study demonstrates the importance of involving stakeholders in identifying a smartphone-based mood charting applications' requirements. Personalization, adjustability, privacy, an adjustable graphic report, and a direct link to early intervention strategies are necessary requirements for a successful design. The results of this value specification are included in the follow-up of this project.
The determination of high retention flag marking methods with yellowfin bream (Acanthopagrus latus) fry
Authors: Chen Po-Cheng , SHIH CHUN-HAN , Wang Jia-Jiao , Huang Liang-Ming
Published: August 2021

With the decline in coastal fishery resources, hatchery-reared fry of yellowfin bream (Acanthopagrus latus) have been commonly mass released to the surrounding waters in China in recent years. Although the release plan has been underway in China for many years, the releasing effects were not often assessed. Therefore, it is necessary to study several suitable mass marking methods that have a high mark retention rate for fry. From October to November 2020, tetracycline was immersed to mark calcified hard tissue (MI), with tagging cut tail fin (TC) and the control, and the species of yellowfin bream by live fish were examined. Moreover, a double marking method, i.e., mark calcified hard tissue (MI) after tag fish for two weeks, was examined to determine any increase in the mark retention rate for yellowfin bream in November 2020. The dual marking and tagging method combining MI and TC is effective and is suitable for yellowfin bream. Both MI of 0.25% treatment and MI of 0.5% treatment also have lower costs, and more individuals can be marked.
Single cell transcriptome identifies molecular subtype of autism spectrum disorder impacted by de novo loss of function mutation genes regulating glial cells
Authors: Nassir Nasna , Bankapur Asma , Samara Bisan , Ali Abdulrahman , Ahmed Awab , Inuwa Ibrahim , Zarrei Mehdi , Shabestari Seyed Ali Safizadeh , AlBanna Ammar , Howe Jennifer L. , Berdiev Bakhrom , Scherer Stephen W. , Woodbury-Smith Marc , uddin mohammed
Published: August 2021

Background

In recent years, several hundred autism spectrum disorder (ASD) implicated genes have been discovered impacting a wide range of molecular pathways. However, the molecular underpinning of ASD, particularly from the point of view of ‘brain to behaviour’ pathogenic mechanisms, remains largely unknown.
Methods

We undertook a study to investigate patterns of spatiotemporal and cell type expression of ASD-implicated genes by integrating large-scale brain single cell transcriptomes (> million cells) and de novo loss of function (LOF) ASD mutations (impacting 852 genes from 40122 cases).
Results

We identified multiple single cell clusters from three distinct developmental human brain regions (anterior cingulate cortex, middle temporal gyrus and primary visual cortex) that evidenced high evolutionary constraint through enrichment for brain critical exons and high PLi genes. These clusters also showed significant enrichment with ASD loss of function mutation genes (p < 5.23 x 10− 11) that are transcriptionally highly active in prenatal brain regions (visual cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). Mapping ASD de novo LOF mutated genes into large scale human and mouse brain single cell transcriptome analysis demonstrate enrichment of such genes into neuronal subtypes and are also enriched for subtype of non-neuronal glial cell types (astrocyte, p < 6.40 x 10− 11; oligodendrocyte, p < 1.31 x 10− 09).
Conclusion

Among the ASD genes enriched with pathogenic de novo LOF mutations (i.e., KANK1, PLXNB1), a subgroup has restricted transcriptional regulation in non-neuronal cell types that are evolutionarily conserved. This association strongly suggests the involvement of subtype of non-neuronal glial cells in the pathogenesis of ASD, and the need to explore other biological pathways for this disorder.
Development and Evaluation of Droplet Digital PCR Assay for the Detection of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus in Attenuated Vaccines
Authors: Meng Fanfeng , Ren Zhihao , Wang Yixin , Zhao Peng , Zhang Guozhong
Published: August 2021

Background: The use of Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) from contaminated live virus vaccine is suspected to be one of the most important causes of massive outbreaks of Reticuloendotheliosis in China. Methods: In this study, we established a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) detection method for REV and compared its sensitivity to different methods to detect REV contamination in a vaccine. Results: The results indicated that both quantitative PCR and dot-blot methods could detect REV contamination at a dose of 1 TCID50/1,000 feathers, whereas ddPCR could detect REV contamination at a dose of 0.1 TCID50/1,000 feathers, which is 1,000-fold more sensitive than conventional polymerase chain reaction detection (102 TCID50/1000 feathers). ddPCR not only exhibited the highest sensitivity but also proved extremely intuitive, especially to detect REV contamination in vaccines.Conclusions: The ddPCR method established in this study to detect REV contamination in vaccines can effectively detect and quantify low-dose REV contamination. This provides a new method for the rapid detection of REV contamination in various samples, especially vaccines.
Assessing the Effect of Public Transfer Payments on the Vulnerability of Health Care Poverty in Rural Households in China
Authors: Li Yali
Published: August 2021

Background

Since the 18th National Congress, China has completed the task of eliminating absolute poverty. However, the risk of health care for potential sub-health workers and the elderly in rural households has also increased, and government public transfer payments play an important role in reducing the vulnerability of rural families to health care poverty. Assessing the effectiveness of government public transfer payments in reducing the vulnerability of rural families to health care poverty will help the public sector to develop more accurate policies to meet the different needs of rural households for health care.
Methods

The data were derived from the 3rd 、4th and 5th National Survey of the China Family Panel Studies conducted in 2010. The annual study sample was 5,574 rural households, with a total sample of 16,722 rural households during the three-year study period. We assess and compare the multidimensional poverty and the vulnerability to health care poverty of rural households. Two series of multivariate logistic regression models were further undertaken to assess the effect of government public transfer payments before and after adding the income elasticity of health care needs on improving the vulnerability of rural families to health care poverty.
Results

The study found that when setting the poverty line at $1.90 and $3.20, rural households in the three research years expected a higher vulnerability to health care poverty than their actual incidence of multidimensional poverty in health care, and higher poverty vulnerability in the eastern region than in the western region. A series of multivariate logistic models evaluated the effect of government public transfer payment on improving the vulnerability of rural health care poverty and found that it is difficult for the government to fulfill the effect of public transfer payment without considering the difference of rural households' demand for health care.
Conclusions

At present, the imbalance of development between urban and rural areas in China is increasing, and rural families with heavy economic burdens are facing the risk of sub-health such as potential chronic illness. Our analysis emphasizes the importance of government departments in improving the targeting of public transfer payments to reduce the vulnerability of health care poverty in rural households.
Xijiao Dihuang Decoction Alleviates Lung Injury Induced by Sepsis Through Regulating Glycerinpho Spholipid Metabolism Based Lipidomics
Authors: yu Chen Huai , rui Lin Ming , Dan Wen , feng Su Jun , Jie Yao , li Zhu Xue , Wei Li
Published: August 2021

Background and Objective: To observe the effect of Xijiao Dihuang Decoction (XJDHT) on lung injury of sepsis mice with lipidomic analysis, and explore the underlying mechanisms.Materials and Methods: C57BL/6 mice were induced sepsis by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. Animals are pretreated with XJDHT 2 days before LPS regimen, then continue treatment for addition 3 days. Lung tissue are collected for lipidomic analysis by LC/MS/MS. The survival rate is monitor after treatment. Results: After treatment with XJDHT, the histological changes of lung of the sepsis mice were relieved. The lipidomic profiles of the lung in sepsis group were evidently disordered when compared to the control group. A total of 40 significantly differential lipids expression between the sepsis-control groups were identified by multivariate statistical analysis. Septic lung injury may result from such lipid disorders, which are related to fatty acyls metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, phosphosphingolipids metabolism and glycerides metabolism. After XJDHT treatment, the lipidomic profiles of the disorders tend towards alleviated when compared to the sepsis group. Twelve lipid molecules were identified and some glycerophospholipids levels returned close to the normal level. Conclusion: Glycerophospholipid metabolism may play an important role in the treatment of septic lung injury using XJDHT.
Safety of High-Dose Vitamin C in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Shrestha Dhan Bahadur , Budhathoki Pravash , Sedhai Yub Raj , Mandal Sujit Kumar , Shikhrakar Shreeja , Karki Saurab , Baniya Ram Kaji , Kashiouris Markos G. , Qiao Xian , Fowler Alpha A.
Published: August 2021

Objective:High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C (HDIVC) is currently a controversial therapy for sepsis and ARDS. The published evidence regarding its efficacy in critically ill patients has shown conflicting results, and in fact, case reports have raised concerns for nephrotoxicity. The objective of this meta-analysis is to critically appraise the latest evidence regarding the safety of HDIVC in critically ill patients.Data Sources: Structured literature search on PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar.Study Selection: Cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, cohort studies, randomized controlled trials, and case series with 20 or more critically ill patients who have received intravenous ascorbic acid (vitamin C), published till February 25, 2021. We identified 53 studies in our qualitative analysis and 48 studies in our quantitative analysis among a standardized search of 18,312 studies.Data Synthesis:We pooled data and calculated Odds Ratios (OR) and Mean Differences (MD) with their 95% confidence intervals to assess explanatory variables. Based on a random effect model from 33 studies, pooled hospital mortality outcomes showed a 19% reduction in odds for overall hospital mortality among the HDIVC group (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.66-0.98). Mortality at 28/30-days, ICU mortality, length of hospital stay (LOS), new-onset AKI, and Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) for AKI did not differ significantly across treatment and control groups. Pooled data from 30 studies disclosed 0.76 fewer ICU days in the HDIVC group than the placebo/ standard of care (SOC) group, 95% CI, -1.34 to -0.19. This significance persisted when we included RCTs only in the analysis (MD, -0.70; 95% CI, -1.39 to -0.02).Conclusions:Our results suggest that HDIVC treatment is renally safe and did not increase adverse kidney events, or mortality. It was associated with a slight reduction in ICU length of stay in critically ill patients.
Transversus Abdominis Release (TAR) Procedure: Experience of An Abdominal Wall Reconstruction Group.
Authors: Ricaurte Alberto , Rey Carlos , Giron Felipe , Conde Danny , Rodriguez Lina , Venegas David , Vanegas Marco , Pardo Manuel , Vargas Felipe , Navarro Jorge
Published: August 2021

BackgroundComplex abdominal wall defects are important conditions with a high morbidity, leading to impairment of patients physical condition and quality of life. In the last decade, the abdominal wall reconstruction paradigm has changed due to formation of experienced and excellence groups, improving clinical outcomes after surgery. Therefore, our study shows the perspective and outcomes of an abdominal wall reconstruction group (AWRG) in Colombia, focused on transverse abdominis release (TAR) procedure.MethodsA retrospective review of a prospectively collected database was conducted. All the patients older than 18 years old that underwent TAR procedure between January 2014 – December 2020 were included. Analysis and description of postoperative outcomes (recurrence, surgical site infection (SSI), seroma, hematoma, and re-intervention) was performed.Results50 patients underwent TAR procedure. 62% of patients were male. Mean age was 55 ± 13.4 years. Mean BMI was 27.8 ± 4.5 Kg/m2. Abdominal wall defects were classified with EHS ventral Hernia classification having a W3 hernia in 72% of all defects (Mean gap size of 11.49 cm ± 4.03 cm). Mean CeDAR preoperative risk score was 20.5 % ± 14.5%. Protective association was established for SSI if the procedure was performed by the AWRG OR 0.7 (IC 95% 0.05-0.93 ). Higher risk of SSI was found in cases not performed by the abdominal wall reconstruction group OR 13.6 (CI 95% 9.12 - 15.5 ). ConclusionsTAR procedure for complex abdominal wall defects under specific clinical conditions including emergency scenarios is viable. Specialized and experienced groups lessen surgical site infection.
Anterolateral Approach Might Be Superior to Posterolateral Approach in Controlling Lower Limb Discrepancy for Special Total Hip Arthroplasty Patients
Authors: Xiong Ao , Li Guoqing , Liu Su , Xu Chang , Wang Deli , Zeng Hui
Published: August 2021

Objectives: Variable approaches for total hip arthroplasty (THA) are promoted but investigations of associations between the approaches and the postoperative lower limb discrepancy (LLD) are limited. We intended to compare the efficacy between the anterolateral approach (ALA) and posterolateral approach (PLA) in controlling of postoperative LLD. Methods: Two retrospective cohorts were established including patients undergone unilateral primary THA. Preoperative and latest follow-up radiographs were compared and evaluated. Two hundred and sixty patients (140 females and 126 males; aged 46.70 ± 13.62 years) were recruited with around 20 months follow-up postoperatively. Results: Univariate analysis identified lower postoperative LLD, lower postoperative acetabular offset and lower hospital costs in the ALA group than in the PLA group (p＜0.01), however, the femoral and global offset and length of stay (LOS) are comparable between (p > 0.05). Multivariable liner regression revealed that PLA, preoperative LLD, developmental dysplasia of the hip and aseptic avascular necrosis are major contributors to the postoperative LLD (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study illustrates that the ALA might be superior to the PLA in controlling the postoperative LLD among some of the THA patients. Both ALA and PLA are comparable in regard to femoral and offset and LOS.
Arthrospira Platensis Mediated Green Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticlesas Breast Cancer Controlling Agent: In-vitro and In-vivo Safety Approach.
Authors: Deeb Nehal El , Abo-Eleneen Mai A. , Awad Omyma A. , Abo-Shady Atef M.
Published: August 2021

Biogenic Silver Nanoparticle (bio-AgNPs) is one of the most fascinating nanomaterials used in the biomedical purposes. In the current study, we biosynthesized AgNPs (bio-AgNPs) using Arthrospira platensis(A-bio-AgNPs), Microcystis aeruginosa(M-bio-AgNPs)and Chlorella vulgaris(C-bio-AgNPs) active metabolites and evaluated their anticancer efficacy against breast cancer. The recovered bio-AgNPs were characterized using Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy (SEM and TEM) and their safety profiles were monitoring in-vitro on PBMCs cells and in-vivo on Albino mice. The obtained results indicated the safety usage of bio-AgNPs at concentration of 0.1 mg/ml on PBMCs cells and 1.5mg/ml on the Albino mice. The bio-AgNPs displayed dose-dependent cytotoxic effects against HepG-2, CaCO-2 and MCF-7 cell lines by inducing ROS and arresting the treated cells in G0/G1 and sub G0 phases. In addition, A-bio-AgNPs induced breast cancer cellular apoptosis by down regulating the expression of survivin, MMP7, TGF and Bcl2 genes. Upon A-bio-AgNPs treatment, a significant reduction in tumor growth and prolonged survival rates were recorded in breast cancer BALB/c model. Furthermore, A-bio-AgNPs treatment significant decreased theKi 67 protein marker from 60% (in the untreated group) to 20% and increased Caspase 3 protein levels to 65% (in treated groups) comparing with 45% (in Doxorubicin treated groups).
Non-Linear Relationship of Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase To Lymphocyte Count Ratio With The Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Staging I-II: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Zeping , Liang Lili , Duan Wen , Zhou Chengmao , Yang Jianjun
Published: August 2021

Background
high recurrence rate was a major factor for poor postoperative prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. The present study was intended to evaluate the association of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to lymphocyte count ratio (GLR) and the recurrence of HCC with staging I-II in Chinese.
Methods
the retrospective cohort data was derived from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2014 to December 2018 on 496 patients who underwent radical resection of HCC with staging I-II. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to determine hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the recurrence of HCC with staging I-II of each GLR tertile category. The restricted cubic spline model was used to find out the threshold effect.
Results
with the low tertile of GLR as the reference, multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% CIs of the middle and high tertile categories were 1.748 (1.170, 2.612) and 2.078 (1.339, 3.227). In addition, there was a positive correlation (1.002 (1.001, 1.004)) and a non-liner relationship was found, whose point was 27.5. When the GLR was less than 27.5, the risk of recurrence increased, obviously with the increase in GLR levels (1.041 (1.014, 1.068)).
Conclusions
the GLR was independently associated with the recurrence of HCC patients with staging I-II. Furthermore, the relationship was positive and no-linear.
The Design and Realization of the Evaluation Model for Enhancing the "Second Classroom" Education by Using the Multimedia Interface
Authors: Xie Faguo , Zhou Min , Xia Qing , Xie Long
Published: August 2021

The increasing challenges in improving the educational system such as innovation,are gaining much greater attention in the media in classrooms. Technological innovations have a significant potential to improve the learning and teaching process.The standard online learning method cannot effectively recommend the required learning content, which leads to poor learning and no visible improvement of student performance after learning. In this paper, online multimedia learning-based teaching performance analysis(OML-TPA) has been proposed based on the virtual network function structureto improve the teaching effect appropriately. The first is to develop a classifier for online educational tool learning, build on the student's capabilities and then develop a multimedia online education dataset.This indicates that the design of network-based virtualization features interactive multimedia educational management method can enhance students' learning effect.According to student data, the teaching management system can automatically analyze student learning capacity such that students can be graded by the level of attention they are required to receive.Finally, the interactive multimedia education control system is designed to realize online multimedia education management based on virtualization architecture in the network.The OML-TPA is evaluated using simulation analysis and observed the highest accuracy ratio(93.7 %), performance ratio(92.6 %), learning rate(95.1 %), feedback ratio(91.8 %), the efficiency ratio(96.7 %), precision ratio(94.3%)and learning outcome ratio(97. 6 %) compared to other methods.
Escherichia Coli From Urine Samples of Pregnant Women as an Indicator for Antimicrobial Resistance in the Community: a Field Study From Rural Burkina Faso.
Authors: Post A.S. , Guiraud I. , Peeters M. , Lompo P. , Ombelet S. , Karama I. , Yougbaré S. , Garba Z. , Rouamba E. , Tinto H. , Jacobs J.
Published: August 2021

Introduction: In low- and middle-income countries, surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is mostly hospital-based and, in view of poor access to clinical microbiology, biased to more resistant pathogens. We assessed AMR among Escherichia coli isolates obtained from urine cultures of pregnant women as an indicator for community AMR and compared the AMR results with those from E. coli isolates obtained from febrile patients in previously published clinical surveillance studies conducted within the same population in Nanoro, rural Burkina Faso.Results: Between October 2016 – September 2018, midstream urine samples collected as part of routine antenatal in Nanoro district were cultured by a dipslide method and screened for antibiotic residues. Among 6018 consenting women (median (IQR) age 25 (20 - 30)), 84 (1.4%) were excluded because of symptoms of urinary tract infection and 96 (1.6%) screened positive for antibiotic residues. Significant growth - defined as a monoculture of Enterobacterales at counts of ≥ 104 colony forming units/ml – was observed in 202 (3.4%) cultures; E. coli represented 155 (76.7%) of isolates. Among these E. coli isolates, resistance rates to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and ciprofloxacin were respectively 65.8%, 64.4% 16.2%, compared to 89.5%, 89.5% and 62.5% among E. coli from historical clinical isolates (n = 48 of which 45 from blood cultures). Proportions of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producers and multidrug resistance were 3.2% and 5.2% among E. coli isolates from urine in pregnant women versus 35.4%, and 60.4% respectively among clinical isolates. Adding urine culture to the routine urine analysis (protein and glucose) of antenatal was feasible. The dipslide culture method was affordable and user-friendly and allowed on-site inoculation and easy transport; challenges were contamination (midstream urine sampling) and the semi-quantitative reading. Conclusions: The E. coli isolates obtained from healthy pregnant women had significantly lower AMR rates compared to clinical E. coli isolates, probably reflecting the lower antibiotic pressure in the pregnant women population. Provided confirmation of the present findings in other settings, E. coli from urine samples in pregnant women may be a potential indicator for benchmarking, comparing, and monitoring community AMR rates across populations over different countries and regions.
Amygdala Abnormalities Are Related to Anxiety in Patients With Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Liu Shuangwu , zhao yuying , ren qingguo , gong gaolang , zhang dong , shao kai , lin pengfei , yuan ying , dai tingjun , zhang yogqing , li ling , li wei , shan peiyan , meng xiangshui , wang qian , Yan Chuanzhu
Published: August 2021

To explore selective atrophy patterns and resting-state functional connection (FC) alterations in the amygdala at different stages of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and to determine any correlations between amygdala abnormalities and neuropsychiatric symptoms. We used the King’s clinical staging system for ALS to divide 83 consecutive patients with ALS into comparable subgroups at different disease stages. We investigated the pattern of selective amygdala subnucleus atrophy and analysed amygdala-based whole-brain FC analysis in the patients and 94 healthy controls (HCs). Cognitive and emotional functions were also evaluated using a neuropsychological test battery. There were no significant differences between King’s stage 1 ALS patients and HCs for any amygdala subnucleus volumes. Compared with HCs, King’s stage 2 patients had significantly lower left accessory basal nucleus and cortico-amygdaloid transition volumes after Bonferroni correction. Furthermore, after Bonferroni correction, King’s stage 3 patients demonstrated significant reductions in most subnucleus volumes as well as global amygdala volume compared with HCs. Notably, amygdala-based resting-state FC was unaltered in ALS patients until King’s stage 3. Specific subnucleus volumes were significantly associated with Mini-Mental State Examination scores and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale scores in ALS patients. In conclusions, our study provides a comprehensive profile of amygdala abnormalities in ALS patients. The pattern of amygdala abnormalities in ALS patients differed across King’s clinical disease stages, and our findings suggest that amygdala abnormalities are an important feature of patients with ALS. Moreover, amygdala volume may play an important role in anxiety and cognitive dysfunction in ALS patients.
Effects of Early, Non-Excisional Debridement in the Operating Theatre on Paediatric Burn Wound Re-Epithelialisation Time and Skin-Graft Requirement: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Authors: Griffin Bronwyn , Bairagi Anjana , Jones Lee , Dettrick Zoe , Holbert Maleea , Kimble Roy
Published: August 2021

Background: Reported advantages of early excision and grafting for larger burn injuries include reduced morbidity, mortality, and hospital length of stay for adult burn patients. Evidence to support this has strengthened over the last 50 years. However, a paucity of evidence supports the best option for paediatric burns and, less still, the advantages of non-excisional (mechanical) debridement. Ketamine procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department is a popular alternative to debridement in operating theatres under general anaesthesia. This study aims to evaluate the association between early (<24hours post injury) non-excisional debridement under general anaesthesia in the operating theatre with burn wound re-epithelialisation time and skin graft requirements. Methods: Children younger than 17 years who presented with burns of five percent total body surface area or greater were included in a retrospective cohort study. Data between January 2013 to December 2019 were extracted from a state-wide paediatric burns’ registry for analysis. Time to re-epithelialisation was tested using survival analysis, and binary logistic regression for odds of skin graft requirement. A propensity matched dataset based on depth and size of burn wound, was used to analyse effects of early non-excisional debridement in the operating theatre compared to control. Results: Overall, 392 children met eligibility for the study with a male over-representation of 58.2%. When propensity matched, non-excisional debridement under general anaesthesia in the operating theatre, within 24hours of injury, significantly reduced the time to re-epithelialisation (15.0 (CI: 11.00-20.00) versus 20.0 (CI:13.5 – 31.00) days) and the odds of requiring a skin graft (OR:0.319 (0.125 – 0.812).Conclusion: This study is the first to demonstrate that early, initial, non-incisional debridement under general anaesthesia in the operating theatre significantly reduces wound re-epithelialisation time and subsequent need for a skin graft in paediatric burn patients. Analysis suggests that ketamine procedural sedation in the emergency department used for burn wound debridement is not an effective substitute for debridement in the operating theatre.
New traveling wave structures for two higher dimensional nonlinear evolution equations with time-dependent coefficients: Horseshoe-like solitons and multiwave interaction solutions
Authors: Qin Yuxin , Liu Yinping , Xu Guiqiong
Published: August 2021

In this paper, by introducing new traveling wave transformations in specific nonlinear forms, a variety of new multiwave interaction solutions for two higher dimensional nonlinear evolution equations with time-dependent coefficients are investigated. These new kinds of multiwave solutions can enrich solutions of nonlinear evolution equations with variable coefficients.
Inverting Sediment Bedforms for Exploring the Hazard of Volcanic Density Currents Directly in the Field
Authors: Dellino Pierfrancesco , Dioguardi Fabio , Sulpizio Roberto , Mele Daniela
Published: August 2021

Pyroclastic density currents are ground hugging gas-particle flows moving at high speed down the volcano slope. They are among the most hazardous events of explosive volcanism, causing devastation and deaths1,2. Because of the hostile nature they cannot be analyzed directly and most of their fluid dynamic behavior is reconstructed by the deposits left in the geological record, which frequently show peculiar structures such as bedforms of the types of ripples and dunes3,4. In this paper, we simplify a set of equations that link flow behavior to particle motion and deposition. This allows, for the first time, the build up of a phase diagram by which the hazard of dilute pyroclastic density currents can be explored easily and quickly by inverting bedforms wavelength and grain size.
Fine Mapping of Intracranial Aneurysm Susceptibility Based on a Genome-wide Association Study
Authors: Hong Eun Pyo , Youn Dong Hyuk , Kim Bong Jun , Ahn Jun Hyong , Park Jeong Jin , Rhim Jong Kook , Jeon Jin Pyeong
Published: August 2021

In addition to conventional genome-wide association studies (GWAS), a fine-mapping is increasingly used to identify the genetic function of variants associated with disease susceptibilities. Here, we used a fine-mapping approach to evaluate the casual variants based on a previous GWAS involving patients with intracranial aneurysm (IA). Fine-mapping analysis was conducted based on the chromosomal data provided by GWAS consisting 250 patients diagnosed with IA and 296 controls using posterior inclusion probability (PIP) and log10 transformed Bayes factor (log10BF). The narrow sense of heritability (h2) explained by each casual variant was estimated. Subsequent gene expression and functional network analyses were used to calculate the transcripts per million (TPM) values. Twenty causal candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) surpassed a genome-wide significance threshold for creditable evidence (log10BF > 6.1). Four SNPs including rs75822236 (R535H, GBA; log10BF = 15.06), rs112859779 (G141S, TCF24; log10BF = 12.12), rs79134766 (A208T, OLFML2A; log10BF = 14.92), and rs371331393 (Q1932X, ARHGAP32; log10BF = 20.88) showed a completed PIP value in each chromosomal region, suggesting a high probability of variant causality associated with IA. Expression in GBA was highly enriched in the whole blood (TPM = 33.13), while TCF24 were rarely expressed in all tissues and cells. No direct interaction was observed between the four casual genes; however, PSAP appeared to be particularly important via indirect correlation between other genes. Our results suggested that four mutations of GBA, TCF24, OLFML2A, and ARHGAP32 were linked to IA susceptibility and pathogenesis. Our approach may promise more informative mutations in the following GWAS.