bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
20.3: The Organic Passivation Layer for Flexible Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Chan Chi‐Shun , Hung Shih‐Hsing , Hwu Keh‐Long , Hu Chih‐Jen , Huang Wei‐Ming
Published: October 2012

Using flexible organic passivation has lots of advantages compared with traditional in‐organic passivation such as simpler process, lower leakage current (Ioff = 10−14 A), lower temperature process (<200°C) and better flexibility. Photo‐sensitive type organic passivation was succeeded in replacing in‐organic passivation (SiNx) in 6″ SVGA active‐matrix EPD.
22.4: Investigation of Curtain Mura in TFT‐TN Panels after COG ACF Process
Authors: Wang Sheng‐Ya , Liao Wei‐Hsiang , Yang Kei‐Hsiung
Published: October 2012

Curtain Mura is caused by stress‐induced change in optical parameters of the TFT‐TN panel after COG ACF process. We have used simulation to identify the most sensitive optical parameters among cell gap, pretilt and twist angles that could be changed by induced residual stress to cause Curtain Mura. We have also measured optical‐parameter variations in the Curtain Mura and Normal zones on a TFT‐TN panel. We conclude that Curtain Mura occurs mainly due to the stress‐induced change in twist angle of the TFT‐TN panel. We also point out that TN‐cell gap designed at Gooch‐Tarry first‐ minimum is an effective way to reduce the occurrence of Curtain Mura.
24.4: WITHDRAWN 24.5L: Late‐News Paper: A Novel User Interface for Flexible AMOLED
Authors: Liang Chao‐Chiun , Lin Cheng‐Yuan , Chiu Jing‐Ming , Chen Heng‐Yin , Wu Yeh‐Kuang , Lin Shih‐Ya , Wu Sin‐Huei , Ho Chang‐An , Lin Po‐Wei , Wang Sheng‐Po , Lee Cheng‐Chung
Published: October 2012

To increase the convenience and interest in manipulating flexible AMOLED devices, a novel user interface making use of their bendable and impact‐proof features was developed, where sensors and interaction were respectively integrated and designed into a flexible 6″ AMOLED. The performance of the sensor‐integrated AMOLED validated the developed user interface.
25.2: Photo‐Sensor Thin Film Transistor based on Double Metal‐Oxide Layer for In‐cell Remote Touch Screen
Authors: Ahn Seung‐eon , Jeon Sanghun , Song Ihun , Jeon Yongwoo , Kim Young , Kim Changjung , Lim Junhyung , Jeong Wooho , Goh Joonchul , Yeon Seongjin , Lee Cheolgon , Kim Jong‐hee , Lee Je‐hun , Song Junho , Nathan Arokia , Lee Sungsik , Chung U‐in
Published: October 2012

16 inch LCD in‐cell remote touch screen with photo sensor in which the active structure is comprised of double metal‐oxide semiconductor layers (GIZO/IZO) in its pixels has been developed. Double metal‐oxide thin film transistor (TFT) for both switch and sensor elements shows high photo current as Ilight/Idark >106, a mobility of >10cm2/Vs and high stability under LCD operation condition. In this paper, the possibility of a novel application of an optical touch screen which is entirely based on the metal oxide TFT is proposed.
25.3: Flexible In‐cell Infrared a‐Si Sensor
Authors: Chiang Wen‐Jen , Kung Chen‐Peng , Chen Sheng‐Wei , Chang Chih‐Chia , Wu Chung‐Wen
Published: October 2012

In this work, an in‐cell photosensor was fabricated on a flexible display backplane for infrared sensing utilizations, such as optical touch panel, pen‐writing input function, and so on. The IR responsivity of a hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin film transistor was characterized under near‐infrared illuminations of 850 nm and 940 nm wavelengths. A compact active pixel sensor integrating the photo transistor was embedded into the display cell array. The experimental results demonstrate that a photocurrent to dark current ratio above 103, and an infrared sensitivity of 0.2 V/(s·W·m2) of the in‐cell active pixel sensor were obtained. With the advantages of process compatibility, flexibility and low fabrication cost of scaling‐up, the flexible in‐cell infrared sensor can be a very promising optical detector for all kinds of applications.
29.3: Crosstalk Reduction of 3D LCDs based on Analysis of LC Graded‐Index (GRIN) Lens Factors
Authors: Oka Shinichiro , Sugita Tatsuya , Naganuma Tomohiko , Saito Terunori , Komura Shinichi , Miyazawa Toshio
Published: October 2012

We investigate a 3D display using a Liquid Crystal Gradient Refractive Index (LC GRIN) lens and the factors needed to decrease crosstalk. Crosstalk in the latest 3D displays using LC GRIN lenses is 0.6%.
30.4: Trilateral Filter for Depth Map Interpolation in 3D Video
Authors: Lim Ilsoon , Wey Hocheon , Lee Jaejoon , Park Dusik
Published: October 2012

Depth maps are used in many 3D video applications. Often, depth map is available at a lower resolution compared to the corresponding color images. To match the resolution, depth maps must be scaled up to the color image resolution. In this paper, we present an interpolation method of depth maps. The proposed idea is based on the observation that the depth map is highly correlated to the color image and the big correlation offers the reliable knowledge. For this purpose, we develop a trilateral filter that interpolates the low resolution depth map by the temporary high resolution depth map and the high resolution color image. Accordingly, evaluation using the MPEG 3D videos shows that significant improvement of depth quality and rendered view quality.
32.3: Invited Paper: Large‐Area, Ultraflexible Organic AMLED Pixel Circuits Driven by Printed Organic Floating‐Gate Transistors
Authors: Sekitani Tsuyoshi , Yokota Tomoyuki , Someya Takao
Published: October 2012

We have demonstrated an ultraflexible active matrix organic LED pixel circuit on 13‐μm thin‐film plastics for applications to medical sensors and treatments. The circuit that applies printed floating‐gate organic transistors can compensate LED brightness variations and degradation for more than 6 months. The 230times230 mm2 printed active matrix circuit comprises 64times64 screen‐printed organic 2‐transistor‐1‐capacitor cells.
33.2: Solution Processed Hole Injection and Hole Transport Layers: Design Features for OLED Manufacturing
Authors: Chopra Neetu , Seshadri Venkataramanan , Wang Jing , Muehlbauer John , Swisher Robert , McGuiness Christine , Li Sergey , Woodworth Brian , Brown Christopher , Mathai Mathew
Published: October 2012

We present recent developments of our core technologies targeted towards solution based OLED device manufacturing including non‐aqueous (NQ) hole injection layer and solution processed hole transport layer. We demonstrate low voltage, and long lifetime devices with non‐aqueous hole injection layer. Also, comparable performance with our intractable solution processed HTL versus NPB vapor HTL has been demonstrated in vapor WOLED devices in combination with our NQ hole injection layer technology.
38.1: Highly Thermally‐Stable OFETs Fabricated with Liquid Crystalline Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Lino Hiroaki , Usui Takayuki , Kobori Takeo , Hanna Jun‐ichi
Published: October 2012

We have developed a new soluble FET material having a highly ordered smectic liquid crystal phase of a phenyl and alkyl‐substituted benzothienobenzothiophene derivative, Ph‐BTBT‐10. This BTBT derivative had high processability for solution processes and highly thermal stability thanks to the solid‐like nature of the highly ordered smectic phase. Polycrystalline thin films of ph‐BTBT‐10 spin‐coated at a liquid crystalline temperature of 110 °C were uniform in macroscale and molecularly flat in microscale, and FETs fabricated with the thin films showed high FET mobility of 5.7 cm2/Vs, kept high mobility of 3 cm2/Vs after the thermal stress for 5 minutes up to 150 °C, and still operated even after thermal stress at 170°C.
41.3: Printed Inorganic Light Emitting Diodes for Solid State Lighting
Authors: Ray William J. , Lowenthal Mark D. , Oraw Bradley S.
Published: October 2012

In this paper we present a new form of inorganic printed electronics (PE) that overcomes many of the problems associated with the act of printing electronics. The technique allows for very high speed, inexpensive production of PE products. To illustrate this approach we will describe a solid state lighting (SSL) device based upon a standard InGaN heteroepitaxy and fabricated as micro LEDs dispersed into an ink binder. We believe that this approach will act as a template for further development of inks and techniques that employ fabricated silicon or III‐V semiconductors.
42.1: Distinquished Paper: A 1.4‐Gbps Intra‐Panel Interface for Chip‐On‐Glass TFT‐LCD Applications
Authors: Lee Dongmyung , Baek Dong Hoon , Lee Kil‐Hoon , Pae Han Su , Lee Jae‐Youl , Yu Wang , Choi Young Min , Lee Young Hun , Lee Sun Ik , Lee Woo Sung , Lee Dae Joon , Lee Myunghee
Published: October 2012

A high‐speed intra‐panel interface with an enhanced reduced voltage differential signaling (eRVDS) scheme is implemented in a 0.18‐μm high‐voltage CMOS process for the chip‐on‐glass (COG) TFT‐LCD applications. The proposed interface employs the zero‐adjustable equalizer to enhance the maximum data rate, the early charge sharing scheme to improve the interface data transfer efficiency, and dynamic biasing technique to reduce a power consumption of the output buffers. Measured result demonstrates the maximum data rate of 1.4 Gbps from a 1.8‐V supply voltage with a WQXGA 60‐Hz COG TFT‐LCD prototype panel.
42.2: LCD‐TV System with 2.8Gbps/Lane Intra‐Panel Interface for 3D TV Applications
Authors: Kim Jin‐Ho , Oh Woon‐Taek , Kim Tae‐Jin , Ihm Jae‐Yong , Chang Younghwan , Choi Youngmin , Park Donguk , Kim Naxin , Lee Younghun , Lee Sunik , Lee Jae‐Youl , Lee Myunghee
Published: October 2012

This paper presents LCD‐TV system with newly proposed 2.8Gbps/lane intra‐panel interface for 3D TV applications. The proposed intra‐panel interface transfers data in a point‐to‐point manner with embedded clock. Scrambling scheme was applied to stabilize loop bandwidth of bang‐bang CDR, and to minimize EMI radiation. Timing controller (TCON) and source driver (SD) are implemented using 65nm/1.2V and 0.18um/1.8V CMOS processes, respectively. 2.8Gbps operation was verified by increasing horizontal blanking period while driving a 55‐inch Full‐HD LCD panel with 8‐bit RGB and 120Hz frame rate. The proposed interface demonstrates the possibility of implementing an intrapanel system of 240Hz FHD LCD‐TV for 3D displays with just one pair of differential data lines per SD.
46.2: Color Displays Based On Voltage‐Stretchable Liquid Crystal Droplet
Authors: Xu Su , Ren Hongwen , Liu Yifan , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: October 2012

We demonstrate a single‐pixel color display based on voltage‐stretchable liquid crystal (LC) droplet. The gray scale is induced by stretching a dye‐doped LC droplet from a small circular visible area to different extent through dielectrophoretic force. This polarization‐insensitive liquid display shows a relatively low operating voltage, fast response, wide viewing angle and good contrast ratio. Both transmissive and reflective modes can be configured.
46.3: Improved Oil Motion Control and Hysteresis‐Free Pixel Switching of Electrowetting Displays
Authors: Giraldo Andrea , Vermeulen Paul , Figura Daniel , Spreafico Marco , Meeusen Jasper A. , Hampton Mathieu W. , Novoselov Pavel
Published: October 2012

Hysteresis‐free pixel switching and a high control of the fluid flow are beneficial for making optimal use of electrowetting display technology. As described in the paper, the pixel design is shown to play a dominant role to optimize the pixel switching characteristics and to allow improved gray‐scale reproducibility. Use of pixel features such as a hydrophilic patch or a staircase, are shown to be effective. Advantages and drawbacks of these methods are discussed.
49.1: Invited Paper: Low Power, High Color Gamut, PenTile RGBCW Hybrid FSC LCD
Authors: Elliott Candice H. Brown , Botzas Anthony , Higgins Michael F. , Hwang Sarah , Han SeokJin , Im Moon , Pan Larissa , Atmanadhan Kaushik , Shin Sungtae , Lee Iksoo , Byun Jinseob , Koh Jaehyun , Ahn Kukhwan , Roh Namseok
Published: October 2012

Hybrid operation of a locally desaturated field sequential color (FSC) multiprimary backlight with a subpixel rendered multiprimary color filtered liquid crystal display offers the potential for lower power consumption and higher color gamut than conventional local dimming RGB filtered LCD TV panels, while further reducing color break‐up compared to locally desaturated FSC LCD w/o color filters.
49.2: Invited Paper: Greener Displays through Integrated Optics: Display Backlights Using OneFilm
Authors: Wheatley John , Liu Tao , Van Derlofske John , Sousa Matthew E. , Bösl Ellen , Nevitt Tim , Weber Mike , Denker Martin
Published: October 2012

A new optical film is demonstrated which performs the function of traditional film stacks comprised of 3 or 4 separate films. Collimation, uniformity and polarization are accomplished with only one film, and without the use of deterministic refractive structures. Compelling performance of this film in TV and Mobile markets is discussed, as is the non‐incremental positive impact on the environmental profile of LCD technology.
50.3: Finite Element Analysis of Ball Drop on LCD Panels
Authors: Vepakomma K. Hemanth , Carley Stephen , Kim Jum
Published: October 2012

A ball drop test is amongst the tests used to assess the response of an LCD device under impact conditions. Two different glass thicknesses − 0.5 mm and 0.7 mm ‐ were submitted to this test in consideration for this paper. The result of the testing demonstrated that when a ball is dropped onto the outside surface of color‐filter glass, the peak stress occurs on the bottom of color‐filter glass, and not on the bottom of the TFT glass. In addition to this, we studied an extreme case where the back plate is rigid, since most LCD displays have a diffuser plate or back plate behind the panel. The rigid plate restricts the panel deflection when impacted by a ball. The findings from this study can be used as guidelines to go for thinner panels by balancing panel thickness, diffuser / back plate stiffness and the distance between the panel and the back plate. When appropriately implemented, panels made with 0.5 mm glass substrates may experience lower stress when compared to those made with 0.7 mm glass.
50.4: Analysis of Gravity Mura under Thermal Expansion of LCD Cells
Authors: Li Jen‐Chieh , Ding Ling‐Yi , Shih Wen‐Pin , Lin Mao‐Hsing , Hu Yuh‐Chung , Chang Pei‐Zen
Published: October 2012

Gravity mura is a typical defect in large‐sized LCD which causes non‐uniform shades at underside. In this investigation, a mechanical model was proposed and analyzed under gravity and thermal expansion. The stiffness and arrangement of photospacers were considered in this model. Furthermore, the simulation results were obtained to modify the analytical model properly. The analytical results facilitated the establishment of the design criteria of LCD cells for which the gravity mura could be restrained or eliminated.
51.2: Outcoupling Enhancement Mechanism Investigation on Highly Efficient PIN OLEDs using Crystallizing Evaporation Processed Organic Outcoupling Layers
Authors: Murano Sven , Pavicic Domagoj , Furno Mauro , Rothe Carsten , Canzler Tobias W. , Haldi Andreas , Löser Falk , Fadhel Omrane , Cardinali Francois , Langguth Oliver
Published: October 2012

For highly efficient and stable white PIN OLED devices using evaporation processable outcoupling layers for efficiency enhancement details on the outcoupling mechanisms could be revealed. It was found that the use of crystallizing outcoupling enhancement layers gives rise to a corrugation of the reflective cathode, which allows for a strong reduction of the plasmon absorption losses. Based on a three‐unit white architecture, an efficiency of 60 lm/W at a brightness of 1,000 cd/m2 could be achieved at a color of x,y = 0.470/0.429 with a T50 lifetime of 90,000 hours.
51.4: High‐Efficiency White OLEDs with Built‐up Outcoupling Substrate
Authors: Yamae Kazuyuki , Tsuji Hiroya , Kittichungchit Varutt , Matsuhisa Yuko , Hayashi Shintarou , Ide Nobuhiro , Komoda Takuya
Published: October 2012

A built‐up outcoupling substrate with a micro‐patterned high refractive index layer was developed in order to obtain both high efficiency and reliability for OLEDs. Light extraction efficiency of this substrate was about 47%, and high efficacy of about 85 lm/W was achieved by the combination with an all phosphorescent white OLED.
53.1: A Rotatable RBGW 3D Display
Authors: Hsieh Pei‐Lin , Kao Meng‐Chao , Shen Tzu‐Chiang , Chen Chien‐Hung , Lin Hsiang‐Tan
Published: October 2012

In this paper, a novel energy‐saving 3D Display is presented. This display is with RGBW pixel can save more backlight power by up to 33%. The special pixel structure, named “Tian (⊞)” can achieve excellent 3D results both in landscape and portrait. The creative invention in display technology has been achieved by CPT's R&D lab. It is very suitable for pad application.
55.2: Shaping Arbitrary Angular Luminance Distribution through Directional LGP and Single Inverted‐Concave Lenticular Film for Blue‐Phase LCD‐BLU Hybrid Structure
Authors: Käläntär K
Published: October 2012

A new backlighting optics for shaping a light cone of elliptical cross‐section with an arbitrary eccentricity was studied and realized. The optical structure employs a film with inverted line prism array on the back surface and concave micro‐lenticular lens array on the front surface in combination with a functional light guide featuring with louver prism array on the back surface, and convex lenticular light deflector on the front surface. By varying the radius of the concave lenticular lens on the film the angular luminance distribution can be changed. The variation can be controlled in a wide range in order to obtain light cone cross‐section with different eccentricities. This optical structure was applied to a blue phase LCD‐like structure in which the LCD was sandwiched between the light guide and the film for both illuminating and widening the viewing angle of the display.
55.3: Development of a 65‐inch Color‐Filter‐Less LCD and Stencil‐LPD Method for High Quality 120Hz 2‐field Displays
Authors: Chang Chi‐Wen , Lin Fang‐Cheng , Huang Yi‐Pai , Shieh Han‐Ping D. , Hsu Ken‐Yu , Langendijk Erno H. A. , Huang Yu‐Sheng
Published: October 2012

After successfully implementing 180Hz Stencil‐FSC on a 65‐inch color‐filter‐less LCD, for further practical applications, this paper proposes novel 120Hz Stencil‐LPD to resolve color distortion while using the original two‐color‐field FSC algorithm. 120Hz Stencil‐LPD provides a reduced but sufficient saturated backlight color to precisely present an image. The experimental results show the image fidelity is significantly improved, and color breakup is greatly suppressed.
55.5L: Late‐News Paper: A Theoretical Consideration of a Flat Panel Display based on Integrated Optical Devices
Authors: Pang Hyungseok , Lee Tae‐Woo , Lee SeungChul , Lim KyoungMoon , Hwang YongKee
Published: October 2012

In this paper, we introduce a novel display concept based on integrated optical components and discuss the feasibility of the device. The proposed concept is identified as photoluminescence based self‐emissive display. The main components of the system are pixel devices, optical switches, and a light coupler. The listed components are interconnected with optical waveguides, which are for the delivery of excitation light from a light coupler to individual pixel devices. Color expression is implemented by the combination of red, green, blue pixel devices which utilize color conversion materials for converting excitation light to corresponding color of light. Due to the nature of integrated optical device, the display system can have simple and efficient structure based on single substrate. Furthermore, this display has the potential to have attractive characteristics, such as high energy efficiency, flexibility and peerless transparency comparing with any other current flat panel displays, which would create diverse appealing applications.
56.1: Invited Paper: Manufacturing Issues for Oxide TFT Technologies for Large‐Sized AMOLED Displays
Authors: Arai Toshiaki , Shiraishi Yoshito
Published: October 2012

In recent years, much effort has been devoted to the development of the oxide TFT technologies to achieve low cost, large size, high specification displays. Since many solutions have been proposed to the subject about the most serious reliability issue as R&D, the development activities have turned into the production technology development as a following step.

In this paper, the state of the oxide TFT developments for the manufacturing of AM‐OLED displays and the mass‐production‐related issues will be discussed.
57.1: Invited Paper: Flexible OLEDs for Lighting Applications
Authors: Ma Ruiqing , Pang Huiqing , Mandlik Prashant , Levermore Peter A. , Rajan Kamala , Silvernail Jeffrey , Krall Emory , Paynter Jason , Hack Mike , Brown Julie J.
Published: October 2012

In this paper we will discuss the key technologies needed for fabricating flexible OLED lighting panels with specific focuses on flexible substrates, high efficacy phosphorescent materials and thin film encapsulation technologies. We will report results of 15 cm × 15 cm phosphorescent OLED (PHOLED™) flexible lighting panels using flexible substrates.
59.3: Fast Hologram Pattern Generation by Removing Concentric Redundancy
Authors: Lee Seok , Wey Hocheon , Nam Dongkyung , Park Dusik , Kim Changyeoung
Published: October 2012

We propose a fast hologram pattern generation framework by removing concentric redundancy of point source hologram. We minimized repeated or redundant calculations in point hologram generation and accumulation process, and results shows that proposed method is over 1400 times faster than analytic method.
59.4: Real‐Time Dynamic Holographic Display Based on a Liquid Crystal Thin Film
Authors: Gao Hongyue , Li Xiao , He Zhenghong , Su Yikai , Poon Ting‐Chung
Published: October 2012

Real‐time holographic display is achieved with holographic response time of ∼1ms in a liquid crystal film without any applied electric field. Angular multiplexed hologram display is also demonstrated, illustrating the possibility of a color holographic three‐dimensional display with the liquid crystal film.
60.1: Control of Subjective Depth by Quantified Monocular Depth Cues of Contrast and Spatial Frequencies
Authors: Hyodo Yasuhide , Takahashi Shuichi , Ohashi Isao , Shimpuku Yoshihide , Matsubara Kazuya , Matsumiya Kazumichi , Shioiri Satoshi
Published: October 2012

Our previous study showed that algorithms using quantified aerial perspective can control the subjective depth of stereoscopic images. With the superposition of spatial frequencies, the naturalness of processed images can be improved. In this paper, details of the algorithms and the results of a subjective assessment are presented and discussed.
61.4: Wavelength Selection for Lasers and LEDs in Projection Systems
Authors: Brennesholtz Matthew
Published: October 2012

Red, green and blue lasers and LEDs are used increasingly as the light source for projection and other display systems. The choice of the correct red, green and blue wavelengths affects many properties of the projector, especially the power consumption and the colorimetry. This paper gives criteria for choosing the correct wavelengths based on both power and colorimetry considerations.
63.3: Enhanced Cathodoluminescence of a Double Layer of two Phosphors
Authors: den Engelsen Daniel , Harris Paul , Ireland Terry , Withnall Robert , Silver Jack
Published: October 2012

We describe a simple method to enhance cathodoluminescence (CL) of glass plates coated with a double layer of two different phosphors. We found that the CL of a double layer of Y2O3:Eu on top of ZnO:Zn is larger than that of a single layer of ZnO:Zn in the transmission direction (towards the substrate), whereas in reflection it is less. This result is explained in terms of enhanced scattering in the double layer.
63.4: Extraction of the Location and the Energy Level of the Trap using Random Telegraph Noise in GaN‐based Light‐Emitting Diode
Authors: Park Jungjin , Kang Donghoon , Son Joong‐Kon , Shin Hyungcheol
Published: October 2012

In order to uncover the reality of the trap present in the MQW consisting of GaN‐InGaN pair, extraction of the location and the energy level of the trap using RTN experiment were applied for the first time. Through simplification of the complex MQW into an approximate structure, we found the trap of each sample is located very close to p‐GaN interface.
64.2 WITHDRAWN: 64.3: High‐Transmittance Slim‐border 720p a‐Si TFT‐LCD for Mobile‐Display Applications
Authors: Tsai Wu‐Liu , Wei Chuan‐Sheng , Chang Che‐Chia , Lin Chih‐Hung , Liu Sheng‐Chao , Chen Maw‐Song , Huang Wei‐Ming
Published: October 2012

A novel 4.46‐inch 720p (720*RGB*1280) display utilizing low cost a‐Si (amorphous silicon) backplane has been successfully demonstrated. The proposed a‐Si based gate driver with new structure achieves high performance 1.0 mm panel border under 720p/330PPI high resolution display. Moreover, our proposed new a‐Si structure with high transmittance can provide green solution for low power consumption and reduce material cost.
66.1: Distinguised Paper: A High‐Efficiency Wide‐Color‐Gamut Solid‐State Backlight System for LCDs Using Quantum Dot Enhancement Film
Authors: Chen Jian , Hardev Veeral , Hartlove Jason , Hofler Jurgen , Lee Ernie
Published: October 2012

Color gamut performance greater than 100% NTSC (1953) has been achieved using narrow‐line width red and green emission from Nanosys QDEF™ stimulated by high‐efficiency blue LEDs. This drop‐in‐solution offers high brightness and good color uniformity at a cost far lower than RGB LED LCDs or OLED systems.
66.2: Optimization of LED Arrangement for Extending LED Binning Range in Backlight System
Authors: Chou Ping‐Yen , Huang Yi‐Pai , Hung Chien‐Hsiang , Ito Yasushi
Published: October 2012

In this paper, an analysis method was developed to calculate the optical properties of direct‐emitting backlight systems, which expands the usage of bins. The method based on computing the radiance distribution from the measured light spreading function and spectrum of light‐emitting diode (LED). The calculation procedure includes linear spectral superposition and color difference evaluation. The accuracy of this method was verified by a real backlight module, which introduced the remote phosphor backlight system. This structure could have more benefits than the traditional one, including thinner thickness, longer life time, and wider LED bins. The conditions of acceptable color deviation values could be simply obtained, and the different binned LEDs could be efficiently used to reduce cost and achieve the wider binned‐LEDs application purpose.
66.3: Design of Color Backlight for High Efficiency Display using Optical Waveguide Gratings
Authors: Li Ruo‐Zhou , Yan Jing , Zhang Xiao‐Yang , Zhang Tong
Published: October 2012

We report a novel backlight with waveguide gratings instead of using color filters to reduce power consumption. The waveguide gratings enable the red‐green‐blue (RGB) light propagate separately and be emitted toward the respective pixels unidirectionally. Selective emitting rate and direction is obtained by optimizing the grating geometry. This device shows potential for micro‐display.
67.1: Ultra‐short Throw Pico‐projector Including Two Plastic Prisms and a Convex Aspheric Mirror
Authors: Lee Donghi , Park Sungha , Keh Yongchan , Kim Yongkwan , Lee Jnngkee , Jang Donghoon
Published: October 2012

An ultra‐short throw pico‐projector module including a newly developed LED projection optical system is presented. The projection optic system features two right‐angled prisms and a convex aspheric mirror. We have achieved 10.7 inch projected image size at a display screen which is 115mm away from aspheric mirror. The maximum TV distortion for all fields at all distances is less than ±1%. When combined with virtual input devices, the ultra‐short throw pico‐projector will create a new market and contribute to more comfortable human life.
67.2: Distortion Correction Using a Freeform Lens for Projection onto a Non‐planar Surface
Authors: Hou Jia , Li Haifeng , Zheng Zhenrong , Liu Xu
Published: October 2012

The partial differential equation method of designing a freeform lens which can help to project images onto a formula describable non‐planar surface with very low distortion was proposed. Projection on sphere was taken as an example. The distortion and the MTF of the projection system were analyzed in detail.
68.1: Novel Light‐Scattering Glass Substrate for the Enhancement of OLED Lighting Out‐coupling Efficiency
Authors: Wada Naoya , Nakamura Nobuhiro , Domercq Benoit , Billet Sophie , Fukumoto Nao , Tanida Masamichi , Aoki Yumiko , Ohgawara Masao
Published: October 2012

Out‐coupling efficiency of 2.1 times higher than reference was obtained by using novel light‐scattering substrate with white OLED. The substrate utilizes a scattering layer made of high refractive index glass matrix and ceramic particles for the enhancement of out‐coupling efficiency combined with a surface coating layer for the leakage suppression. This structure enables high performance OLED lighting devices without losing reliability.
68.2: Lowering Cost for OLED Lighting Manufacturing
Authors: Landgraf Heike , Hoffmann Uwe , Campo Manuel , Becker Heinrich , Spreitzer Hubert , Kaiser Joachim , Reichenbacher Thomas , Fabig Stephan , Ostermann Johannes , Caspary Reinhard , Johannes Hans‐Hermann , Kowalsky Wolfgang , Franke Sebastian
Published: October 2012

Manufacturing of Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED) for lighting is still some distance from the industry recognized cost target of 100 € /m2. Within the government funded Light In‐Line (LILi) project, a team of material supplier, machine manufacturers and basic researchers have investigated potential ways to reduce OLED manufacturing costs. The concept developed within the LILi‐project shows that a competitive cost structure can now be reached.
70.2: Impact of Gate Oxide Thickness and Channel Length on Junction‐Less Poly‐Si TFTs
Authors: Lin Cheng‐I , Lin Horng‐Chih , Huang Tiao‐Yuan
Published: October 2012

Poly‐Si junctionless (JL) TFTs with various structural parameters were characterized. Owing to the presence of abundant carriers in the channel and elimination of junctions, dramatically increased current drive is achieved with the JL device. Improved control over short‐channel effects and characteristics fluctuation is also achieved with a thinner gate oxide.
70.4L: Late‐News Paper: 0.5‐inch XGA Micro‐OLED Display on a Silicon Backplane with High‐Definition Technologies
Authors: Onoyama Yusuke , Yamashita Junichi , Kitagawa Hideyuki , Hasegawa Eiji , Makita Atsuya , Yokoyama Seiichi , Asaki Reo , Kambe Emiko , Nishimura Teiichiro , Yamada Jiro , Uchino Katsuhide , Makimura Shingo , Shiraishi Yoshito , Urabes Tetsuo
Published: October 2012

We have developed a high‐definition (0.5‐inch XGA) Micro‐OLED display that employs high‐definition technologies, including a new pixel driving circuit and a high‐efficiency top‐emitting white OLED device with a color filter. These technologies were incorporated in the world's first XGA OLED electronic viewfinder for digital single‐lens cameras and HD‐personal 3D viewer with two 720p Micro‐OLED displays.
72.2: Depth Perception Effects of a Monocular Head‐up Display on the Moving Automobile under Real Space Condition
Authors: Sasaki Takashi , Hotta Aira , Moriya Akihisa , Murata Takahiro , Okumura Haruhiko , Horiuchi Kazuo , Okada Naotada , Kogure Teruyoshi , Takagi Kenji
Published: October 2012

We examined depth perception effects on a moving automobile with static perspective method and dynamic perspective method by monocular HUD, WARP. Both methods have met the specification of within 70% accuracy. In addition, the dynamic perspective method provided stronger depth perception
72.4L: Late‐News Paper: Maradin's Micro‐Mirror ‐ System Level Synchronization Notes
Authors: Hornstein Sharon , Langer Tal , Yehiel Menashe , Naftali Matan
Published: October 2012

Maradin's novel MEMS‐based micro‐mirror is designed to operate as part of laser beam steering projection systems. This paper presents some issues concerning the use of scanning micro‐mirrors for such applications, and explains how to overcome image distortions that emerge when micro‐mirrors are used for projection of light.
P‐1: Integral Imaging Using Fly's Eye Lens Made With 3D Printer
Authors: Kira Naoki , Yanaka Kazuhisa , Uehira Kazutake
Published: October 2012

A faster and less expensive method of manufacturing a fly's eye lens for integral photography by using a 3D printer was developed. The method enables full‐parallax auto‐stereoscopic 3D images to be displayed. This is expected to be extremely useful for the promotion of research and the spread of integral photography.
P‐5: A Current Feedback AMOLED Display Based on Top Gate Amorphous Silicon TFTs
Authors: Schalberger Patrick , Herrmann Marcus , Hoehla Steffen , Vielwock Anton , Fruehauf Norbert
Published: October 2012

Based on our low mask count top gate amorphous silicon process we have successfully developed a display prototype using our 3T1C pixel circuit with current feedback. In this paper we present some major aspects of this prototype. Also, we discuss a modification of our pixel circuit allowing blanking of individual lines or the whole display during addressing as required for high quality 3D displays.
P‐10: Reliability Improvement of High‐Temperature SOR Driving Using Advanced Dual‐Gate TFT Application
Authors: Hwang Kwang Jo , Yun Mi‐ra , Kim Hoon‐Ki , Park Han‐chul , Heo Tae‐Young , Kim Seok , Kim Eui‐tae , Jin Yoo‐yong , Jeong Woo‐Nam , Lim Kyoung‐Moon , Hwang Yong‐Kee
Published: October 2012

We implemented a novel i‐PR (in‐cell Black Stripe Patterned Retarder) pixel structure by using a simple driving scheme. This approach improves the 2D aperture ratio but has the unique problem of inducing TFT (Thin Film Transistor) thermal instability. This is caused by a bias temperature stress in TCON TFT during 3D mode. Therefore, we developed an advanced drain dual‐gate TFT application to improve the high‐temperature reliability. This novel TFT structure could have its own VLT (VGS of Luminance Threshold) margin during the reset process, although the VLT shift is as much as that for a normal TCON TFT.
P‐11: A New Five‐Mask‐Count Process for Fabrication of Poly‐Si Nanowire‐Channel CMOS Inverters
Authors: Kuo Chia‐Hao , Lin Horng‐Chih , Huang Tiao‐Yuan
Published: October 2012

A new five‐mask‐count process for fabricating CMOS inverters with poly‐Si NW channels is demonstrated. The fabricated devices show reasonable symmetric driving current by well‐designed structural parameters. From voltage transfer characteristics (VTC), an abrupt transition, large noise margins, and high voltage gain are obtained with a supply voltage of 5V.
P‐18: Low‐Power and Small‐Sized Scan Driver Using Amorphous Oxide TFTs
Authors: Hong Sung‐Jin , Kang Jin‐Seong , Lee Chang‐Hee , Kwon Oh‐Kyong
Published: October 2012

This paper presents a low‐power and small‐sized scan driver using amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs). Power consumption of the proposed scan driver is reduced by eliminating unnecessary charging current of the scan line and reducing the voltage swing of clock signals. In the proposed scan driver, area of the output stage, which requires large‐sized driving TFTs, is also reduced by merging TFTs for charging and discharging the scan line into one TFT and using non‐overlapping clock signals. Compared to the previous scan driver, power consumption and area of the output stage of the proposed scan driver is reduced by 21% and 40%, respectively. The proposed scan driver has power consumption of 27.4 μW per stage at the operating frequency of 46 kHz and the area per stage is 1153 × 192 μm2.
P‐24: Generation of 3D Image on Optically Rewritable Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Wang Lu , Sun Jiatong , Wang Xiaoqian , Srivastava Abhishek , Chigrinov Vladimir
Published: October 2012

In this paper, the method for generating 3D image on Optically Rewritable Electronic Paper (ORWE‐paper) is presented. By making use of the photo‐alignment, the two same but overlapping images (“Hong Kong”) are optically written on the cell with a slight position shift and different alignment configuration. Then a quarter‐wave plate is put onto the cell to transfer the light into left and right circular polarization for each image. The 3D image can be created on only one cell without double cell configuration. The preparation is also easy with only two steps. Results show that the images seen by the two eyes are the same but with position difference, which indicates a real 3D effect.
P‐32: Distinquished Student Poster: Comparison of Simultaneous Measurement of Lens Accommodation and Convergence in Natural Vision and 3D Vision
Authors: Shiomi Tomoki , Hori Hiroki , Uemoto Keita , Miyao Masaru , Takada Hiroki , Hasegawa Satoshi , Omori Masako , Watanabe Tomoyuki , Ishio Hiromu
Published: October 2012

In this study, we invented a method to simultaneously measure lens accommodation and convergence used for natural and 3D vision. We found that there is almost never a difference between natural vision and 3D vision in terms of accommodation and convergence.
P‐33: Measurements of a Prototype See‐through Near‐eye Display with Diffractive Light Guides
Authors: Järvenpää Toni , Pölönen Monika
Published: October 2012

We have built a prototype see‐through near‐eye display based on transparent plastic light guide exit‐pupil expanders. The most important display attributes were optically characterized. In addition, subjective experiences in non‐transparent and transparent modes were measured. All the results were compared to earlier measurement data from commercial near‐eye displays.
P‐38: WITHDRAWN: P‐39: DC‐DC Converters with Controllable Latch‐up Protection Technique for LCD Mobile Display Panels
Authors: Lee Seung‐Jung , Rho Ho‐Hak , Park Gyu‐Sung , Lee Woo‐Sung , Lee Dae‐Joon , Kim Ki‐Joon , Kim Joung‐Ho , Cho Hyun‐Woo
Published: October 2012

The pulse width control circuit of DC‐DC converters utilizing an inrush current controller was designed to ensure proper pumping action and avoid latch‐up during power‐up. The converters with controllable latch‐up protection technique were excellently operated at temperatures above 90°C and heavy load capacitances of Mobile LCD panels.
P‐47: Integrating Multi‐PWM Devices into Source Driver for TFT‐LCD
Authors: Lin Yung‐Shu , Hsu Chih‐Che , Lee Yueh‐Han , Ho Yu‐Hsi , Lyu Li‐Ru , Lin Huang‐Ti , Yang Chih‐Hsiang
Published: October 2012

This paper proposes an Unequaled Single Source Driver (USSD) with multi‐chip topology to achieve large source driver outputs for WXGA resolution TFT‐LCD. The proposed driver used a multi‐domain power scheme in a chip, and was implemented by using a Bipolar CMOS DMOS (BCD) process. It incorporated a LVDS/MIPI combo receiver, timing controller, level shifter, charge pump, boost, inverter, and LED driver in a source driver to generate multiple power supply to the panel. Furthermore, the integral chip bus (iCB) with embedded code technique was used to synchronize data indices of color engines and control between the applications of multi‐chips. The proposed USSD was verified by a 15.6‐in WXGA TFT‐LCD, in which the 1 Gbps data rate was achieved by multi‐drop mobile industry processor interface.
P‐52: WITHDRAWN: P‐53: Pressure‐Sensitive Adhesives to Reduce the Light Leakage of LCDs
Authors: Yanai Satoshi , Ito Hiroto , Oda Sumihisa , Tagaya Akihiro , Koike Yasuhiro
Published: October 2012

To reduce the light leakage of LCDs for a PC monitor, we fabricated the hard type zero‐birefringence pressure sensitive adhesives (HZB‐PSA) for the first time. HZB‐PSA reduced the light leakage by eliminating birefringence of PSA and prohibiting the change in the angle of the absorption axis of a polarizer (CAAP).
P‐147L: Late‐News Poster: Electrical Properties of Oxide TFT with an IGZO/AlOx Stack Grown by Solution‐Based Non‐Vacuum Mist Chemical Vapour Deposition
Authors: Kawaharamura Toshiyuki , Wang Dapeng , Furuta Mamoru
Published: October 2012

Oxide TFT consisting of both channel layer (IGZO) and gate insulator (AlOx) grown by mist CVD which is one of suitable techniques for growing thin films continuously under atmosphere was fabricated. In the gate insulator, an AlOx thin film grown at 430°C exhibited the break down field (EBD) and the dielectric constant (k) of 5.9 MV/cm and 6.8, respectively. In the channel layer, each metal composition ratio of an IGZO thin film grown at 350°C was 16:37:47 (In:Ga:Zn). The field‐effect mobility (μlin) and on/off ratio of oxide TFT exhibit 4.2 cm2/(V · s) and >108, respectively. By this report, it can be said that the index of non‐vacuum process conversion of the TFT fabrication process was demonstrated.
P‐56: A Method for Quantifying HOTSPOT MURA in Edge‐Type BLU
Authors: Hu Che‐Chang , Chang Kuang‐Yao , Wang Jiang‐Feng
Published: October 2012

HOTSPOT MURA is commonly observed in Edge‐Type LED TV BLU. However, this common issue is usually judged by human eyes. Therefore it is necessary to come out a factor for describing different levels of HOTSPOT MURA. In this study, we provide a way to quantify HOTSPOT MURA in BLU by a parameter factor which is defined by using Wald's formula [1]. This parameter could quantitatively describe different levels of HOTSPOT MURA, and could be used to judge HOTSPOT MURA to support human eye's perception.
P‐60: Comparison of Temporal Properties of Various Glass‐type 3D‐Displays
Authors: HSU Shau‐Wei , Lai Yueh‐Yi
Published: October 2012

Temporal properties of glass‐type 3D‐displays were measured with two V(Λ) detectors and an amplifying circuit. Corresponding parameters such as frequency, average luminance, transmittance, rise/fall time, and crosstalk were calculated from the measured waveforms. Major contribution to the crosstalk of shutter‐glass type displays is demonstrated as slow fall time of panels.
P‐82: In‐Plane Lateral Driving Phenomena in Electrophoretic Displays
Authors: Hsu Po‐Chun , Lin Fang‐Cheng , Huang Yi‐Pai , Shieh Han‐Ping D. , Jeng Shie‐Chang , Yang Bo‐Ru , Chang Ming‐Jen , Huang Jo‐Cheng , Hsieh Yao‐Jen
Published: October 2012

We proposed a method that is, driving waveforms were added basic waveforms whose characteristics were obtained by analyzing the lateral observation indexes. We improved the performance of electrophoretic displays (EPDs) by eliminating the resistant force. EPD's response time, ghost image and bi‐stability were further enhanced.
P‐150L: Late‐News Poster: A Novel Handling Method of Ultra‐Thin Glass for Thin and Flexible Displays
Authors: Higuchi Toshihiko , Matsuyama Yoshitaka , Ebata Kenichi , Uchida Daisuke , Kondo Satoshi
Published: October 2012

A novel handling method of ultra‐thin glass for thin and/or flexible displays is proposed. The carrier‐attached ultra‐thin glass substrate which is consisting of an ultra‐thin glass attached on a rigid carrier glass with a unique media layer and witch has good thermal and chemical durability is proposed. These carrier‐attached ultra‐thin glass substrates can be processed through conventional display manufacturing process, such LCDs or OLEDs, and also can be mechanically and easily separated to a thin display‐cell consisting of two ultra‐thin glasses and two carrier‐glasses after display‐cell assembling.

Therefore this method enables to manufacture fragile, thin and flexible displays using conventional manufacturing equipments for LCDs or OLEDs, without chemical and/or mechanical thinning of thick display‐cells and also without using of roll‐to‐roll process equipment for manufacturing of flexible displays.

Thus, this technology is sophisticated and much unique, and is expected to contribute the market expand of the future thinner and lighter displays including the flexible display.
P‐86: A Viewing Angle Controllable Blue‐phase Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Liu Li‐Wei , Cui Jian‐Peng , Wang Qiong‐Hua
Published: October 2012

We proposed a viewing angle controllable liquid crystal display (LCD). When the device is only driven by in‐plane electric field, it exhibits wide viewing angle (WVA). And it exhibits narrow viewing angle (NVA) when it is driven by vertical‐ as well as in‐plane‐electric field. In this way, the viewing angle of the device can be controlled from 100° to 30°. The device exhibits a good viewing angle controlling characteristic and high transmittance.
P‐88: High Transmittance Polymer‐Stabilized Blue Phase Liquid Crystal Display with Fringe Field Switching Electrodes
Authors: Bae Kwang‐Soo , Kim Minju , Kim Youngsik , Yu Chang‐Jae , Kim Jae‐Hoon
Published: October 2012

We propose a polymer‐stabilized blue phase liquid crystal (PS‐BPLC) device with low operation voltage in fringe‐field switching (FFS) electrodes. The in‐plane field between the silt electrodes improve the transmittance due to the enhancement of the horizontal field. High transmittance in our PS‐BPLC was obtained under low operation voltage.
P‐93: Structure and Properties of Azo Dye Films for Photoalignment and Photochromic Applications
Authors: Kozenkov Vladimir , Belyaev Victor , Chigrinov Vladimir , Tumovskii Grigoriy , Spakhov Alexey
Published: October 2012

Properties of both amorphous and polycrystal films of azodye AD‐1 have been investigated. The films' structure depends on conditions of thermal treatment, light polarization and intensity. High dichroic ratio (>20) has been obtained. Film structure control allows fabrication of good photoaligning coatings.
P‐98: UV Aligned IPS‐LCD for High Resolution Smart Displays
Authors: Ahn Han Jin , Lim Chungsun , Kim Dongjin , Lee Jonghwae , Park Hyunjin , Lee Subin , Woo Joungwon , Shin Woosup , Jun Myungchul
Published: October 2012

Abstract: For high resolution mobile display, UV alignment technology has been getting the technical spotlight at LCD industries. Our IPS‐LCD panels with UV alignment technology showed higher contrast ratio since it would prevent rubbing scratch and light leakage in pixel area. And UV aligned IPS sample showed wider viewing angle performance because of their very symmetrical luminance distribution. Especially, our samples showed low gray scale inversion and color shift in a diagonal direction so that one could get more vivid images than rubbed IPS‐LCD panel.
P‐103: Chemical Analysis of Polymerization of Monomer Suspended in PS‐MVA‐LCD
Authors: Kamoto Ritsu
Published: October 2012

New LC technology, such as polymer stabilized (sustained) LCD (PS‐LCD), blue phase LCD is interested in now. It is necessary to form polymer layer in PS‐LCD and polymer network structure in blue phase mode LC by photo curing monomer suspended in LC, and the degree of polymerization of monomer is important to control their systems to avoid the influence of residual monomer. But it is difficult to analyze polymer and residual monomer in LC because of low concentration less than 1% in PS‐LCD (10% in blue phase LCD). In this paper, it has tried to analyze the polymerization of monomer suspended in PS‐LCD dividing a cell cross sectional direction, bulk LC layer, vicinity LC layer and interface LC/PI film layer, and investigated the polymerization of monomer and the residual monomer. It is supposed that monomer suspended in LC is much condensed and polymerized more than 98% in the interface LC/PI film existing little in vicinity LC layer.
P‐108: Encapsulated Polymer Stabilized Cholesteric Texture Light Shutter
Authors: Cui Yue , Yang Deng‐Ke
Published: October 2012

We developed an encapsulated polymer stabilized cholesteric texture (EPSCT) light shutter, from a mixture of Polyvinyl Alcohol, cholesteric liquid crystal, photo‐polymerizable monomer, surfactant and water. The liquid crystal and monomer was encapsulated into tens‐micron droplets by emulsification. The encapsulated material was coated and sandwiched between substrates. Then the material was irradiated by UV light to polymerize the monomer. EPSCT has the advantages of polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) that it is self‐adhesive and can be manufactured in a roll‐to‐roll process. It also has the advantages of polymer stabilized cholesteric texture (PSCT) that it has highly transparent state and large viewing angle. EPSCT can be used for flexible displays and switchable privacy and energy‐saving architectural windows.