bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relaciones del maltrato en la infancia con el trastorno depresivo mayor, el trastorno de estrés postraumático y el trastorno de estrés postraumático complejo en la vida adulta
Authors:   , Matrángolo Gisela Maricel
Published: February 2022

El Maltrato en la Infancia (en adelante MI) se constituye como una problemática de amplia relevancia debido a que impacta tanto en la salud como en la educación pública. En primer término, porque genera importantes perturbaciones en el desarrollo físico y psicológico de los niños y, en segundo término, debido a que las secuelas del maltrato afectan el rendimiento académico de los niños facilitando su deserción escolar. Considerando la relevancia de esta problemática, esta Tesis, intenta aportar al conocimiento de las relaciones entre el Maltrato en la Infancia (en adelante, MI) y el desarrollo de síntomas compatibles con el Trastorno Depresivo Mayor (TDM), el Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático (TEPT) y el Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático Complejo (TEPTC), considerando el papel del Apoyo Social Percibido y la Centralidad de los Eventos Traumáticos en el desarrollo de esta sintomatología. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar si existen relaciones entre el MI, los síntomas de TDM, el TEPT y el TEPTC en la vida adulta evaluando el papel del Apoyo Social Percibido y la Centralidad de los Eventos Traumáticos Bertolotti, en adultos de la República Argentina. Se parte de las siguientes hipótesis: (1) El maltrato en la infancia se relaciona de forma indirecta con el Apoyo Social Percibido (2) El maltrato en la infancia, una alta centralidad de los eventos, un bajo Apoyo Social Percibido se relacionan e incrementa la sintomatología de TDM, TEPT y TEPTC. Los resultados permiten observar que, en primer lugar, el MI, especialmente el de tipo Negligencia Emocional y en menor medida el de tipo Negligencia Física se encuentran asociados y explican parcialmente la disminución del Apoyo Social Percibido. En segundo lugar, el MI Acumulativo, la centralidad de los eventos y el Apoyo Social Percibido se asocian y explican parcialmente los síntomas de TDM. En tercer lugar, el MI Acumulativo, el Abuso Sexual, las Disfunciones en el Hogar, el Maltrato Emocional Físico, la centralidad de los eventos y el Apoyo Social Percibido se vinculan y explican parcialmente los síntomas de TEPT. En cuarto lugar, el MI Acumulativo, la Negligencia Emocional, la Centralidad de los Eventos Traumáticos y el Apoyo Social Percibido se asocian y explican parcialmente los síntomas de TEPTC. Las relaciones halladas fueron similares a las propuestas por la literatura. Se concluye, en primer lugar, que el MI se asocia y explica parcialmente a la disminución del Apoyo Social Percibido. En segundo lugar, se concluye que el MI, la Centralidad de los Eventos Traumáticos y la disminución del Apoyo Social Percibido se asocian y contribuyen al desarrollo de síntomas de TDM, TEPT y TEPTC.
Evaluation of the effect of the PIR-12 compound on anxiety and locomotor activity in experimental global cerebral ischemia in rats
Authors: Shabanova Natalia , Gerashchenko Anastasia
Published: February 2022

A study was carried out to assess the effect of a new pyrimidine derivative (PIR-12 50 mg/kg) on anxiety and locomotor activity under conditions of global cerebral ischemia in rats. It was confirmed that the investigated compound PIR-12 helps to reduce the degree of anxiety, which is manifested in an increase in the indicators "Time at the central site" and "Time in the open arms of the maze" in 3,2 (p<0,05) and 3,1% (p<0,05). "Time in the closed arms of the labyrinth" and "the number of grooming acts" decreased against the background of the introduction of PIR-12 by 28,9% (p<0,05) and 4,1 times (p<0,05) compared with the control group animals, which surpasses the effect of the reference drug Cavinton. In addition, PIR-12 promotes an increase in the motor activity of ischemic rats: the number of hanging and standing rats was 7,4 times higher (p<0,05), 4,2 times (p<0,05), relative to the NC rat group, and the effect is comparable to the group of animals that received Cavinton.
LIGHT- AND ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CHANGES IN THETHYROID GLAND DURING CHRONIC HYPOXIA
Authors: Yaqubova Samira
Published: February 2022

The investigation aims were to study the ultrastructural changes in the cellular and extracellular matrices of the thyroid gland in the norm and chronic hypoxia. Materials and methods: 40 male white rats were divided into a test and control group. Animals of the control (I) group (n=20) were not subjected to intervention, in the test group (n=20) a model of chronic hypoxia was created - the animals were kept in a special ventilation barochamber daily for 2 hours 5 times a week. Anatomical, histological, histochemical, electron microscopic and morphometric methods were used. Morphometric parameters were calculated by use of program Statistica 10 (StatSoft.Inc.) (statistical processing was performed using W — Wilcoxon test (paired samples) with the control group). Results: Pathomorphological picture of the thyroid gland of rats subjected to hypobaric hypoxia, on the 15th day of the study was characterized by the acceleration of adaptive processes in gland cells and the development of reparative regeneration. Small structural changes in thyrocytes observed on the 15th day of the experiment show that the gland cells are not completely restored, adaptive processes do not occur completely. The area (12.21±1.43) and the diameter (6.25±0.48) of the nuclei are relatively increased compared to the control group. Analysis of samples from the thyroid gland of animals adapted to chronic hypoxia on the 30th day of the study shows that the gland cells adapted to the new conditions and completely restored their normal structure and size. The morphometric parameters of the thyroid gland were relatively close to the norm (normal cell diameter (5.96±0.38) and the area of the nuclei (12.11±1.43)). Conclusion: The results of the studies showed that under the influence of prolonged hyperbaric hypoxia, the body's resistance to it, especially the thyroid gland, increases, and it adapts to hypoxic conditions, and this is accompanied by the processes of structural reorganization of organs. Thyrocytes of the thyroid gland adapt earlier to chronic hypoxia and respond to this by hyperplasia and hypertrophy and differentiation of thyrocytes.
SOME ASPECTS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF DIFFUSE PERITONITIS
Authors: Mykhaylichenko Vyacheslav , Kondratiuk Evelina , Parshin Dmitry
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the study was to analyze the characteristics of the course and outcome in patients with diffuse peritonitis, depending on the methods of repeated sanitation and drainage of the abdominal cavity and ultrasound monitoring. The authors carried out a retro-spective analysis of the results of treatment of 102 patients. All patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the method of treatment, with randomization by extent and phase of peritonitis. In the group 1, a semi-open method of treatment was used: sanitation and drainage of the abdominal cavity with continuous peritoneal lavage, and staged relaparotomy according to indications. In the group 2, video laparoscopic sanitation and drainage of the abdominal cavity on demand were applied. In this group, with the Mannheim Peritonitis Index below 15 points, drainage was not performed. With the Mannheim index below 20 points, 1–2 drains were installed, when above 25 points — 3–4 drains. Postoperative complications in patients of the group 1 were found in 40.9%. In the group 2, there were fewer complications compared the group 1. This was due not only to fewer local complications, but also intra-abdominal complications, which were almost 2 times fewer. Thus, video laparoscopic sanitation is the method of choice for planned repeated sanitation of the abdominal cavity. Relaparotomy should be performed only with strict indications in the event of intra-abdominal complications and if video laparoscopic sanitation cannot be performed. Ultrasound monitoring in the post-operative period makes it possible to timely identify postoperative complications, differentiate their nature and exact localization.
Ensino de Saúde Coletiva na graduação em Fisioterapia
Authors: Santos Rodrigo Cardoso dos , Carvalho Tiago Pinheiro Vaz de
Published: February 2022

A formação superior em Fisioterapia se encontra historicamente marcada pelo modelo hegemônico e reabilitador. No entanto, as transformações emergentes no Brasil, a partir do Movimento pela Reforma Sanitária, trouxeram a necessidade de revisar essa formação, sobretudo no que diz respeito à inserção da Saúde Coletiva como campo essencial. O objetivo do estudo foi realizar um levantamento e a análise das experiências do ensino de Saúde Coletiva nos cursos de Fisioterapia no Brasil. Para tanto, foi desenvolvida uma revisão integrativa com base em artigos disponíveis nas bases SciELO e Lilacs, publicados entre 2010-2020. Dentre os principais achados, enfatiza-se a desarticulação teoria-prática, a falta de um elemento comum nos currículos e a reprodução do modelo curativista na graduação. Assim, se faz fundamental a revisão dos preceitos do ensino, de modo a proporcionar uma formação epistemologicamente alinhada ao Sistema Único de Saúde e à realidade sanitária, fundamentada em esforços institucionais e coletivos para a superação desses desafios.
PENGARUH PERLAKUAN PEMATAHAN DORMANSI TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PERKECAMBAHAN BENIH AREN (Arenga pinnata Merr.)
Authors: Putri Atia Aryuni , Budiman  , Kalsum Ummu , Miska Moh Ega Elman
Published: February 2022

Tanaman aren (Arenga pinnata Merr.) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan pada masa yang akan datang dan memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi. Akan tetapi populasi tanaman aren semakin berkurang dan semakin langka karena hanya dapat diperbanyak secara generatif (biji) dan membutuhkan waktu yang lama untuk perkecambahan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan pematahan dormansi terhadap kemampuan perkecambahan biji aren. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal dengan 5 ulangan yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan yaitu tanpa perlakuan (kontrol) (K0), Skarifikasi Mekanis (K1), skarifikasi mekanis + NaOCl 1% selama 10 menit (K2), skarifikasi mekanis + GA3 100 ppm selama 20 menit (K3) dan skarifikasi mekanis + Asam Sulfat 85% selama 50 menit (K4). Terdapat 25 unit percobaan dengan setiap unit percobaan terdiri dari 5 biji aren sehingga diperoleh 125 biji aren. Data yang didapatkan dianalisis dengan Analysis of variance (ANOVA) dengan taraf 5% dan apabila ada perbedaan dilakukan uji lanjut dengan Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) dengan taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan skarifikasi mekanis + NaOCl 1% selama 10 menit berpengaruh mempercepat prosess perkecambahan biji aren dapat dilihat pada semua parameter, yaitu laju perkecambahan, uji perkecambahan, indeks vigor, potensi tumbuh maksimum, Panjang plumula kecambah dan panjang akar.
SENTIMENT ANALYSIS OF INDONESIA’S DIGITAL WALLET USING COMBINATION MACHINE LEARNING AND EMOTICON WEIGHT
Authors: Tinambunan Gusmariani , Suharjito
Published: February 2022

Opinions on social media can be used to determine user sentiment by using sentiment analysis concept. Sentiment analysis requires several important stages, namely, preprocessing, feature extraction and classification method stages. The preprocessing stage was carried out to eliminate inconsistent data. In previous research, punctuation marks removal was applied at the preprocessing stage which can eliminate the emoticon position. Emoticons are a combination of punctuation marks. According to previous research, the emoticon feature has no contribution in sentiment analysis. There is another suggestion to maintain an emoticon position like converting an emoticon into a more relevant word such as :) into a “smile”. However, the feature of emoticon weights has not been considered in the sentiment analysis process. In order to consider the role of emoticons and to improve sentiment analysis performance, we propose using a combination of machine learning and emoticon weights. We perform emoticon weight based on probability and sentiment score. Each probability value and sentiment score of the emoticon will be normalized using the z-score method. There are several machine learning methods that have the best classification success rates, namely, Naïve Bayes and SVM. Based on the evaluation results of the proposed model, the best accuracy is 87% - 89% when using the combination of machine learning and emoticon sentiment score. Based on the results also show that the emoticon sentiment score has a significant effect on the accuracy of sentiment analysis.
Efektivitas Penyuluhan Berbasis Whatsapp Terhadap Pengetahuan dan Praktek SADARI Saat Pandemi Corona
Authors: Fauziah Ani Nur , Maesaroh Siti , Suparti Sri
Published: February 2022

SADARI atau pemeriksaan payudara sendiri (Breast Self-Examination / BSE) adalah pilihan cara pencegahan kanker payudara yang baik dilakukan, khususnya mulai usia 20-an. SADARI rutin memainkan peran besar dalam menemukan benjolan kanker payudara. Banyak mitos yang mengatakan bahwa kanker payudara lebih sering menyerang wanita yang sudah  berusia di atas 30 tahun, tetapi kini banyak  wanita pada usia remaja sudah menderita kanker payudara. Berdasarkan laporan WHO, pada tahun 2011 jumlah wanita khususnya remaja penderita kanker payudara mencapai 1.150.000 orang, 700.000 diantaranya tinggal di negara berkembangtermasuk Indonesia.Pengetahuan masyarakat yang kurang tentang kanker payudara membuat pencegahan dan penanganan secara dini mengalami kesulitan, apalagi disaat pandemi Corona memerlukan aplikasi media sosial untuk mendukungnya diantaranya adalah whatsapp. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas penyuluhan kesehatan SADARI berbasis Whatsapp terhadap pengetahuan dan praktek SADARI saat pandemi Corona. Jenis penelitian adalah analitik dengan pendekatan waktu cross sectional. Subyek penelitian adalah mahasiswi Prodi S1 Farmasi STIKES Mamba’ul Ulum Surakarta sejumlah 37 orang. Selanjutnya analisis data menggunakan uji Uji -t berpasangan (peried t-test) dengan bantuan Program SPSS.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyuluhan kesehatan SADARI berbasis Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyuluhan kesehatan SADARI berbasis aplikasi whatsapp efektif dalam peningkatan pengetahuan dan praktek SADARI saat pandemi Corona nilai ρ = 0.000
Integration of silicon nanowire bridges in microtrenches with perpendicular bottom-up growth promoted by surface nanoholes
Authors: Uesugi Akio , Nishiyori Shusuke , Nakagami Tatsuya , Sugano Koji , Isono Yoshitada
Published: February 2022

An integration method of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) bridges in microtrenches was demonstrated combining a local arrangement of catalyst Au nanoparticles by two-step UV lithography, and a vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) bottom-up growth with perpendicularity promotion by surface nanoholes with metal-assisted chemical etching. Au nanoparticles with a diameter of 60 nm were arranged on one-side walls of 10 µm wide microtrenches, with two types of area sizes to evaluate the influence on the yield of SiNWs bridges reaching opposite sidewalls. A four-hour VLS process at 500 °C produced perpendicular SiNWs bridges in the microtrenches, and a higher yield was obtained with a narrow-area arrangement: a 30.7% ratio of densities of SiNWs bridges to Au nanoparticles, and a 2.1/µm2 density in the arrangement area. Fewer SiNWs showed initial oblique growth there, and most of the bridges had a linear morphology. The yield of SiNWs bridges was discussed focusing on depth positions in microtrenches and the depths of surface nanoholes.
Unsupervised recycled FPGA detection using exhaustive nearest neighbor residual analysis
Authors: Isaka Yuya , Shintani Michihiro , Inoue Michiko
Published: February 2022

Measuring and analyzing aging-induced delay degradation of ring oscillators (ROs) is an effective method to detect recycled field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). However, detection methods of conventional recycled FPGAs detection methods assume the existence of known fresh FPGAs (KFFs) as training data for machine-learning-based classification, which is an unrealistic assumption. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised recycled FPGA detection method, where little information on KFF is available. In the proposed method, estimated frequency is calculated from neighboring ROs, and then the residual frequency between the measured and estimated frequencies is used for the detection. Because of the systematic component of process variation, the frequencies of neighboring ROs should be similar when the target FPGA is fresh. Therefore, if the residual is high, the target FPGA is determined as recycled. Experiments using 25 commercial FPGAs under various aging scenarios demonstrate that the proposed method successfully distinguishes between recycled and fresh FPGAs.
Large coercivity of 13 kOe in L10-ordered CoPt on Si/SiO2 substrates by hydrogen annealing
Authors: Toyama Ryo , Kawachi Shiro , Yamaura Jun-ichi , Murakami Youichi , Hosono Hideo , Majima Yutaka
Published: February 2022

L10-ordered CoPt with a large coercivity (H
c) of 13 kOe was demonstrated on Si/SiO2 substrates by hydrogen annealing. Equiatomic 11.2 nm thick (Co/Pt)4 multilayer thin films were fabricated by electron-beam evaporation and were annealed at 500 °C–900 °C for 10–90 min under an Ar/H2 mixed gas atmosphere. The annealing temperature and time dependences of the crystal structures, magnetic properties, and surface morphologies of the films were systematically analyzed based on the experimental results obtained from grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer, and scanning electron microscope, respectively. Hydrogen annealing effectively promoted the out-of-plane c-axis orientation of L10-ordered CoPt compared to the vacuum annealing according to the GI-XRD patterns. A maximum H
c of 13.3 kOe was obtained in L10-ordered CoPt with angular-outlined isolated grains by hydrogen annealing at 800 °C for 60 min, where the c-axis of L10-ordered CoPt was randomly distributed.
Strain distribution visualization of punched electrical steel sheets using neutron Bragg-edge transmission imaging
Authors: Sasada Seiji , Takahashi Yoshihito , Takeuchi Keisuke , Hiroi Kosuke , Su Yuhua , Shinohara Takenao , Watanabe Kenichi , Uritani Akira
Published: February 2022

Residual strains in a punched electrical steel sheet increase the iron loss in the steel sheet. To accurately estimate the effect of residual strain on iron loss, the residual strain distribution in a punched electrical steel sheet should be evaluated. In this study, we demonstrated the two-dimensional imaging of the residual strain distribution in a punched electrical steel sheet using the neutron Bragg-edge transmission imaging method. To improve the accuracy of strain measurement with minimal deterioration of spatial resolution, we applied a process of superposing many specimen images. The tensile strain near the punched edge and the compressive strain inside the core were experimentally confirmed using this method. Finally, the neutron Bragg-edge imaging results and those obtained from kernel average misorientation map using electron backscattered diffraction were compared to verify the validity of the proposed method.
Novel fabrication process of charge transfer complex thin films for large area by thermal diffusion and their n-channel organic transistor operation
Authors: Takamaru Shun , Hanna Jun-ichi , Iino Hiroaki
Published: February 2022

We have proposed a new fabrication process of donor and acceptor charge transfer complex thin films using thermal diffusion. 2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyano-quinodimethane (F4-TCNQ) was vacuum-deposited on 2,7-didecylbenzothienobenzothiophene (C10-BTBT) thin films fabricated by spin-coating, and F4-TCNQ molecules were diffused into C10-BTBT thin films by thermally annealing. The X-ray diffraction pattern and field effect transistor of thermally annealed thin films indicated the crystal structure of the charge transfer complex of C10-BTBT and F4-TCNQ and n-channel operation in air, respectively. We conclude that it is good process to use the thermal diffusion for the fabrication of the large area thin films of charge transfer complex.
Type-II Weyl points in a synthetic three-dimensional acoustic lattice
Authors: Li Zheng-Wei , Liang Bin , Cheng Jian-Chun
Published: February 2022

We propose to realize type-II Weyl points in a one-dimensional Aubry–Andre–Harper model with cosine modulation in both hopping and on-site terms, which together form a synthetic three-dimensional parameter space. By constructing a one-dimensional acoustic lattice comprising multiple coupled cavities with two adjustable structural parameters, we implement the acoustical analogue of the type-II Weyl semimetal. Good agreement is observed between the theoretical predictions and numerical simulations, with both displaying the tilted dispersion and Fermi arc. Our study enables the exploration of high-dimensional topological physics by constructing a low-dimensional physical system and may open up possibilities for the design of novel acoustic devices.
DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY, LABOR MARKET AND MODERN CHALLENGES OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: BEDIANASHVILI GIVI , BICHIA QUJI , NATSVLISHVILI EKATERINE
Published: February 2022

Entrepreneurial activity has always been a major factor in the socio-economic development of any country in the world. This is especially evident in the discussion of the problems of economic growth, when the efficiency of the functioning of the entrepreneurial sphere within the country clearly determines both the rates of economic growth and the state of the social sphere and the well-being of the people.
It is noteworthy that in modern conditions, against the background of the high importance of the formation of the knowledge economy, the innovative aspect of entrepreneurial activity in the context of all business entities is gaining special urgency.
The effectiveness of the whole innovation process depends on the effective functioning of knowledge-based entrepreneurship.
The aim of the research is to identify the requirements of the entrepreneurial field for human capital skills, to identify the imbalances in the labor market, to determine the compliance of the skills required for the teaching and learning activities of high
schools, to identify the existing challenges and to formulate separate recommendations.
The research process used the methods of induction, deduction, qualitative, quantitative, comparison, statistical analysis,
benchmarking. The processing of existing literature, retrieval of statistical data (including with the direct assistance of the National Statistics Office of Georgia), automatic download of data (so-called scraping) from various employment sites, conducting surveys and in-depth interviews, sorting and quantitative analysis of retrieved data were included in the own research. The consideration of expert opinions is within the research.

Research has shown that when considering the skills of entrepreneurs, as a starting point, the entrepreneurial activity in a particular country and the requirements for its development should be considered. It should be noted, however, that the labor
market may not be able to meet the needs of the entrepreneurial sector (employers).
On the other hand, the perceptions of the entrepreneurial subjects themselves about the required skills are often limited and conditioned by the relatively short-term current perceptions of the modern technologies of the entrepreneurial activity itself.
The research and the analysis of the positive practical experience of the developed countries of the world clearly showed that in this regard, close cooperation with universities in the field of entrepreneurship in the form of entrepreneurship training
and short-term courses will be effective. The involvement and support of the state in the development and implementation of innovative entrepreneurial policies would also be important here.
GLOBALIZATION AND NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR GEORGIA
Authors: VESHAPIDZE SHOTA , ZUBIASHVILI TAMAZ , CHIABRISHVILI KETEVAN
Published: February 2022

. To define the conceptual vision of the unified development of Georgia, it is necessary to understand it as a systemic process against the background of continuous historical and civilizational progress, which emphasizes the main features of the dynamic picture from time immemorial to the present. These visions have largely led to the development of the Georgian.
National Security Concept. The geo-economic strategy of the country is an important part of it.
Geoeconomics as a separate science emerged in the late twentieth century and studies the interaction between the man and the space. The formation of geoeconomic science is linked to the emergence of global economic problems. A characteristic feature of modernity has been the shift of the center of gravity of the struggle against the government to the economic sphere.
Problems that have been solved by force of arms for centuries are finally being solved on the basis of finances and information.
Economic wars have largely replaced conventional warfare.
According to the American Scientists, Robert Blackville and Jennifer M. Harris's three-component definition, geoeconomics is the use of economic tools: to pursue and protect national interests; to achieve positive geopolitical results. Currently, in theory,
geopolitical applications have seven economic instruments: trade policy, investment policy, economic and financial sanctions, cyber attacks, economic development assistance, financial and monetary policy, energy and commodity policy. They may be very different from each other, but it still makes sense to discuss them together.
Geoeconomics is an interdisciplinary subject. It allows you to study and connect the best of different subjects around one topic. Therefore, the role of geoeconomics in the preparation of undergraduate, graduate and doctoral students of economic profile is important. It allows to strengthen the interdisciplinary academic approach which will facilitate the optimal use of geo-economic instruments and the country's geo-economic potential for the interests of Georgia. The National Security Concept of Georgia, in order to realize and dispute the national interests of Georgia, analyzes the threats, risks and challenges facing Georgia and defines the main directions of Georgia's security policy. The use of geo-economic instruments plays an important role in the implementation of this policy.
THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN FORMING THE INNOVATIVE ECONOMICS: THE CASE OF GEORGIA
Authors: DANELIA DANELIA
Published: February 2022

The modern paradigm of economic development shows that an important factor affecting the economic development is not only natural resources, but also innovative approaches that stimulate the competitiveness of the country. Forming
the innovative economics in the direction of education, trade, investment and financial decentralization requires the selection of effective tools of innovative economics formation, which creates fertile foundation for the introduction of innovations in these
areas. And this is achieved by optimal coordination of different combinations of state regulation instruments. Relevance of the topic: Determining the importance of the role of state in forming the innovative economics and developing the concept of national innovation system is connected with the scientists-economists of the neoclassical school of the 90s of the last century. However, apart from theoretical assessments, no complex research has been conducted in this direction. Scientific novelty of the research: The article outlines the main directions of forming the innovative economics based on the identification and analysis of the factors affecting the innovative economics. The need for the involvement of state institutions in the process of forming an innovative economy is also substantiated in this article.
PANDEMIC AND RECENT TRENDS IN BALANCE OF PAYMENTS: THE CASE OF GEORGIA
Authors: ASLAMAZISHVILI NANA
Published: February 2022

Many countries suffer from Balance of Payments deficits. However, proper analysis is needed to determine how systemic, strategically balanced, and objective it is. The pandemic has proven to be an excellent diagnostician for assessing the robustness of current economic strategies in general and in relation to the Balance of Payments. It, like the litmus paper, highlighted the strengths and weaknesses of the economic strategies implemented by the countries. And that should be the main lesson the
world has learned from the pandemic. Georgia, with persistent Balance of Payments deficit, is becoming increasingly vulnerable to global changes caused by pandemic processes. The current account deficit in 2020 was 12.5 percent of GDP, up from 5.5 percent in 2019. The development of a worse-case scenario for the growth of the deficit was significantly hampered by the increase in remittances inflows, which
was less expected in the context of global lockdowns around the world. However, in reviewing developments over the last two decades, the paper finds that the still-high dependence of current account on remittances continues to maintain the volatility
of Balance of Payments. Moreover, favorable conditions for the development of international tourism in the country have raised high expectations for this activity, although this sector is very sensitive to a number of external and global factors, as confirmed by the current pandemic. Thus, the article recommends considering international tourism as an additional source of foreign exchange inflows into the country, and not as one of the main and decisive ones. The deterioration of the Balance of Payments and the reduction of foreign exchange earnings create unfavorable prospects in terms of dealing with growing international financial liabilities. According to 2020 statistical data, the country's international financial liabilities were 2.3 times higher than GDP, of which debt liabilities - 129.9 percent of GDP, while the total foreign exchange inflows of the Balance of Payments, which are intended to serve these liabilities, in the same year amounted to only 55.4 percent of GDP. These data show that there are no alternatives to choosing the right strategy for achieving a reasonable relationship between trajectories of external liabilities and foreign exchange earnings, taking measures to improve the Balance of Payments. The purpose of this article is to clarify the nature of the country's Balance of Payments deficit; How realistic the prospect of mitigating the degree of vulnerability to global factors is in a small economy with limited resources; How we can turn a problem into an opportunity. On the other hand, it is unknown when the crisis, known as COVID-19, will stop finally, it is important to critically evaluate both the pros and cons of given economic policy "... in order to make the economic development agenda more rational, responsive, results- and long-term perspectives oriented” (Aslamazishvili, 2020).
MEASURING THE SECONDARY ECONOMIC IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE TOURISM INDUSTRY OF GEORGIA
Authors: BREGADZE GIORGI
Published: February 2022

Georgia experienced a substantial increase in the number of international visits during the last few years, boosting interest among the locals looking for new business opportunities. The optimistic expectations of future tourist flow led to an enormous amount of investments, mostly in the hospitality industry. The reality did not meet expectations after the world pandemic deteriorated the tourism flows leading to catastrophic losses for the tourism industry all over the world, including Georgia. This study employs a macroeconomics analysis tool - input-output model to identify the secondary economic effects of decreased tourism flows caused by COVID-19 in Georgia.
ECONOMIC GROWTH OF GEORGIA AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS
Authors: JULAKIDZE MERAB
Published: February 2022

Generalization of macroeconomics dynamic model is mean of multipliable influence in different directions of Technological progress on economic growth, connection between production and its intensification on non-production factors, and optimal component criteria for social-economic intensification process. The Spline structure of Production Function is an efficient tool for establishing the dynamics of its parameters, which, in turn, makes it possible to correlate the efficiency of the production factors and their combination with the potential of the intensification factors: scientific-technical, educational, and organizational. Application of ultimate model for creation of aggregate figures’ movement, rates and proportions and reaching of social purposes
and their dynamic results: prediction of normative genetic consumption demand calculation on a person, public and state.
MODERN PRACTICE OF LEADERSHIP: ITS ROLE AND IMPORTANCE IN THE SUCCESSFUL
OPERATION OF THE ORGANIZATION
Authors: SARTANIA TEIMURAZ
Published: February 2022

The rapidly accelerating globalization process in the 21st century, advances in technology and science, and other developments related to these processes have posed hitherto unknown challenges to our country's education system. Therefore,
at the current stage of the country's development, the main challenge of the Georgian higher education system should be considered to improve the quality of education.
However, the effectiveness of the higher education system depends on a large extent on the optimal distribution and efficient use of monetary resources between the various links and field of the education system. Based on the study, generalization and research of the above-mentioned issues in the article, the main factors, influencing
the development of organizational leadership and educational space in Georgia, were identified. The aim of this research is to determine the compliance of the Georgian educational system with the international principles and to identify the model of a successful university with a significant impact in this direction. Also, based on the generalization and evaluation of the experience of foreign universities, active use and implementation of leadership strategies in Georgia. The aim of research is to identify the challenges of the Georgian education system based on the generalization of modern
leadership practice. The object of research is Georgian and foreign educational institutions. The subject of research is to study and identify the factors that have a positive and negative impact on the development of the Georgian educational system.
The research is based on analysis and synthesis, as well as graphic representation, comparison and other methods.
SME SECTOR DEVELOPMENT THROUGH FINTECH IN GEORGIA
Authors: CHARAIA VAKHTANG , LASHKHI MARIAM
Published: February 2022

Article analysis new technological opportunities for Georgia to reduce the Small and Medium size Enterprises (SME) financing gap, which hinders not only their own, but country’s economic development. While SME sector has a vital role in employment, inclusiveness, gross domestic product generation and etc. in any country in the world and especially in developing ones, they still face significant credit constraints having bank centered, non-diversified financial systems within their economies. However, modern digital financial technologies, could be seen as a paradigm changing instrument for Georgia. The reasons for the Fintech industry at the initial stage of its development in Georgia are different and mainly related toward (but not limited with): not enough legislative support so far; lack of financial education among society and even SME sector; low competition on the market; covid-19 global pandemic and related challenges; not enough motivation among businesses and businessmen to spend enough time, money and effort to innovate; lack of interest from the fintech industry because of small market size and etc.; decrease the foreign direct investments and increase the investment’s share in the banking sector and the absence of qualified workforce in needed amount.
УМУМИНСОНИЙ ҚАДРИЯТЛАРНИНГ ЛИСОНИЙ ТАБИАТИ
Authors: AMANOV Vaxobjon
Published: February 2022

Мазкур мақолада испан ва ўзбек тилларидаги valores de la humanidad — умуминсоний қадриятларнинг лингвомаданий хусусиятлари қиёсий аспектда ўрганилган. Хусусан, умуминсоний қадриятлар лингвистик табиати аксиологик дунёқарашнинг лисоний олам тасвири таркибий қисми сифатида тадқиқ этилган. Жумладан, испан ва ўзбек лисоний манзараларида valores de la humanidad — умуминсоний қадриятлар тизимининг лингвистик ва онтологик мезонларини илмий-назарий асослаш, экспериментал метод орқали тил вакиллари лисоний онгида умуминсоний қадриятларнинг намоён бўлиш хусусиятларини аниқлаш тадқиқот вазифасига киради. Таҳлиллар натижасида умуминсоний қадриятлар концепциясининг асосий тамойилларини қуйидагича белгилаш мумкин: қадриятларнинг умумий сони кўп эмас; барча инсонлар жамият аъзоси сифатида бир хил қадриятларга эга, лекин уларнинг намоён бўлиши даражаси турлича; қадриятлар бир тизимга уюшган. Испан ва ўзбек миллатининг аксиологик онгида умуминсоний қадриятлар тизимини аниқлаш мақсадида ўтказилган ассоциатив эксперимент натижаларини умумлаштириб, натижаларнинг миқдорий ва сифат кўрсаткичига кўра, умуминсоний қадриятлар ўртасидаги ўхшаш ва фарқли жиҳатлар аниқланди. Оила, ватан, меҳнат, бағрикенглик, дўстлик, меҳмондўстлик тушунчалари ҳар икки миллат учун олий қадрсавоб, дуо, сабр, номус, садақа, маҳалла, қўшничилик, дин, меҳнат каби ассоциативларнинг қўлланилиши икки тил доирасида умуминсоний қадриятлар концептуал майдонининг фарқли жиҳатларини кўрсатди. Ўтказилган ассоциатив эксперимент натижалари ва фактик материаллар таҳлили асосида испан миллатига хос бўлган гедонистик характернинг вақт билан боғлиқ ҳолда лисоний олам тасвирида ўзига хос тарзда ифодаланиши мисоллар орқали асосланди.ият сифатида талқин қилиниши кузатилди. Испан респондентлари томонидан вақт, мусиқа, бирдамлик, табассум, таълим, карьера, жонивор, садоқат, севги, қонун каби ассоциативлар, ўзбек респондентлари томонидан никоҳ,
Pesantren dan Dakwah Lingkungan (Studi Pemikiran dan Gerakan TGH. Muhammad Sibawaihi Mutawalli Pimpinan Pesantren Darul Yatama wal Masakin Jerowaru Lombok Timur)
Authors: Idrus S.Ali Jadid Al
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine the thinking and movement of TGH. Muhammad Sibawaihii Mutawalli Yahya Al-Kalimi, the leader of the Darul Yatama wal Masakin Islamic Boarding School, Jerowaru, East Lombok, regarding environmental issues as stated in his teaching points, works, as well as sustainable activities or movements and is contained in the educational curriculum in the Islamic boarding school environment. This research is a field research as a form of qualitative research with an interdisciplinary approach that is adapted. Collecting data through field observations, documentation, literature studies and interviews with related parties within the Islamic Boarding School, both families, educators, students, communities, and figures who are directly involved. This study concludes: first, environmental da'wah has become a movement as a result of TGH's thinking. Muhammad Sibawaihi Mutawalli Yahya Al-Kalimi. Second, reforestation, conservation, cultivation, animal husbandry and fisheries bring Islamic boarding schools into the category of environmental-based boarding schools. Third, environmental activities involve students and the community, so that it can be categorized as a participatory-based Islamic boarding school tradition.
A Joyful Heart Is Good Medicine: Sexuality Conversion Bans in the Courts
Authors: Fore Wyatt
Published: February 2022

Led by California and New Jersey, states have begun to ban Sexual Orientation Change Efforts (SOCE) for minors. States have targeted SOCE, also called ‘gay conversion therapy,’ by regulating state licensure requirements for mental health professionals. Conservative legal groups have challenged these bans in federal court, alleging a variety of constitutional violations sounding in the First and Fourteenth Amendments. More specifically, these legal groups propose theories claiming that the bans infringe upon individuals’ freedom of speech, free exercise, and parental rights. In this Note, I survey the history of these bans, as well as court decisions that have rejected constitutional challenges to the laws. This Note then proposes and rejects another potential theory challenging the bans under the Due Process Clause’s right to privacy. Finally, this Note proposes that this new wave of state legislation reflects a wider shift in the LGBT community’s priorities, tactics, and messages.
Teen Pregnancy in Charter Schools: Pregnancy Discrimination Challenges Under the Equal Protection Clause and Title IX
Authors: Niemasik Kaylee
Published: February 2022

Until three years ago, a policy at Delhi Charter School in Louisiana required that any pregnant student be effectively expelled. A pregnant sixteen-year-old student’s expulsion caught the attention of national media in 2012. The ACLU sued and the school quickly rescinded the policy. Although the policy was revoked, the un-adjudicated nature of the resolution leaves teen girls at the school and nationwide without any final court order to protect them against the (re)enactment of similar discriminatory policies. This Article analyzes the Delhi Charter School policy in order to make three related arguments. First, the Court should adopt a rebuttable presumption of state action when the plaintiff is a charter school student alleging the deprivation of a fundamental right. Second, any pregnancy expulsion policy enforced by a charter school violates both the Equal Protection doctrine and Title IX. The Equal Protection claim rests on the remedy left available under Geduldig v. Aiello, which otherwise crippled women’s access to remedies against pregnancy discrimination: if a facially neutral policy evidences discrimination, that policy is unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause. Due to the complete lack of rational justification for these policies, this Article argues that all pregnancy expulsion policies de facto evidence invidious discrimination. Third, while Title IX provides another source of remedies, it will not provide meaningful remedies without reform to its implementation. This Article concludes with suggested Title IX reforms.
Working Sex Words
Authors: Bernstein Anita
Published: February 2022

Imagine yourself tasked to speak for a few minutes about legal controls on sex-selling in the United States, or any other country you choose. You need not have thought about the particulars. As someone willing to read a law review article, you have enough to say because sex-selling overlaps with the subject knowledge you already have. Criminal law, contracts, employment law, immigration law, tort law, zoning, commercial law, and intellectual property, among other legal categories, all intersect with this topic. In your brief remarks on how law attempts to mediate the sale and purchase of sex, you have only one modest constraint: Omit a short list of nouns. Describe paid-for sex as a regulated activity without using the words “prostitute” (including “prostitution”), “sex work” (or “sex worker”), “legalization,” “decriminalization,” “john,” “pimp,” “madam,” “trafficking,” and “Nordic model” or “Swedish model.” The premise of the exercise may be familiar from a game marketed under two names, Taboo and Catchphrase. When competing, a member of a team is told a word or phrase and then has to convey its meaning to teammates from whom the word has been hidden. Rules constrain players: The clue-giver is allowed to make any physical gesture and give almost any verbal clue to get his/her team to say the word. But you may NOT:
• Say a word that RHYMES with the word.
• Give the FIRST LETTER of the word.
• Say A PART OF THE WORD in the clue (i.e., shoe for shoe horn).
But why, you may reasonably wonder, would anyone discuss an issue in American legal regulation by copying a game that demands dodging? Evasion is anathema to regulation, an endeavor that references an activity and then tries to give intelligible guidance about what participants in the regulated sector must, must not, and may do. Playing Taboo/Catchphrase about the law of sex-selling and -buying seems unproductive, to say the least.
Born Free: Toward an Expansive Definition of Sex
Authors: Palk Laura , Grunsted Shelly
Published: February 2022

The State of New York recently issued its first physician-certified “intersex” birth certificate, correcting a 55-year-old’s original birth certificate. This is a positive step towards eliminating the traditional binary approach to a person’s birth sex, but it creates potential uncertainties in the employment discrimination context. Over the past several years, the definition of what constitutes “discrimination on the basis of sex” has both expanded (with the legalization of same-sex marriage) and narrowed (restricting the use of gender specific bathrooms). Until recently it appeared that a broader definition of the term “sex” would become the judicial—and possibly legislative—norm in a variety of contexts. However, several obstacles have emerged to jeopardize true equality for the LGBTQIA community, including (1) inconsistent judicial opinions regarding the meaning of “sex,” (2) the increased ability of employers to utilize religion or “any other factor” as a defense to discrimination claims, (3) regressive executive policies regarding the definition of “sex,” and (4) uncertainty about the extent to which transgender individuals may remain in the military. Although each of these issues warrants thorough analysis and has sparked scholarly debate, in this Article we focus on another critical inequality: wage disparity. Specifically, we are concerned with the problem posed for DSD and transgender individuals, given the Equal Pay Act’s requirement that plaintiffs demonstrate they are paid differently from the “opposite sex” for a wage disparity claim. The Equal Pay Act (EPA) is outdated and discriminatory in its application, and it unnecessarily subjects an entire segment of the workforce—LGBTQIA individuals—to continued discrimination. The EPA requires that plaintiffs prove their cases through reference to an opposite sex comparator, but then defers to the employer’s subjective definition of who “the opposite sex” is. This makes LGBTQIA plaintiffs’ cases essentially unwinnable. Uncertainty for the LGBTQIA community is further compounded by the expansion of the employer’s right, under both the Equal Pay Act and Title VII, to invoke religion, conscience, or “any other factor” as an affirmative defense to discrimination claims. In this Article, we discuss the interplay between a plaintiff’s sex-specific protections (against sex-based employment discrimination under Title VII and against wage disparity under the Equal Pay Act) and an employer’s affirmative defenses (under Title VII, the EPA, and current interpretations of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act). Our discussion concludes with recommendations for an expansive definition of the word “sex” and the adoption of the recently proposed Equality Act to help alleviate all forms of sex-based discrimination in the employment context.