bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salvianolic Acid C against Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury by Attenuating Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis through Inhibition of the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling
Authors: Wu Chien-Ta , Deng Jeng-Shyan , Huang Wen-Chin , Shieh Po-Chou , Chung Mei-Ing , Huang Guan-Jhong
Published: May 2019

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is one of the most common causes of drug-induced acute liver failure in humans. To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of salvianolic acid C (SAC) on APAP-induced hepatic damage, SAC was administered by daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection for 6 days before the APAP administration in mice. SAC prevented the elevation of serum biochemical parameters and lipid profile including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (T-Bil), total cholesterol (TC), and triacylglycerol (TG) against acute liver failure. Additionally, SAC reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), and the histopathological alterations and inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Importantly, SAC effectively diminished APAP-induced liver injury by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation signaling pathway. Moreover, SAC enhanced the levels of hepatic activities of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway in APAP-induced mice. SAC mainly inhibited the activation of apoptotic pathways by reduction of cytochrome c, Bax, and caspase-3 protein expression. Taken together, we provide the molecular evidence that SAC protected the hepatocytes from APAP-induced damage by mitigating mitochondrial oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and caspase-mediated antiapoptotic effect through inhibition of the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling axis.
Diquat Determines a Deregulation of lncRNA and mRNA Expression in the Liver of Postweaned Piglets
Authors: Wang Jin , Li Zhi-xin , Yang Dan-dan , Liu Pei-qi , Wang Zhi-qiang , Zeng Yong-qing , Chen Wei
Published: May 2019

Oxidative stress is detrimental to animals and can depress the growth performance and regulate the gene expression of animals. However, it remains unclear how oxidative stress regulates the expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to explore the profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the liver of piglets under oxidative stress. Here, we constructed a piglet oxidative stress model induced by diquat and evaluated the effects of oxidative stress on the growth performance and antioxidant enzyme activity of piglets. We also used RNA-Seq to examine the global expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs in piglets under oxidative stress. The targets of lncRNAs and mRNAs were enriched in gene ontology (GO) terms and signaling pathways. The results show that the growth performance and activities of antioxidant enzymes were decreased in piglets under oxidative stress. Moreover, eight lncRNAs (6 upregulated and 2 downregulated) and 30 mRNAs (8 upregulated and 22 downregulated) were differentially expressed in the oxidative stress group of piglets compared to the negative control group. According to biological processes in enriched GO terms, the oxoacid metabolic process, intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, and oxidation-reduction process play important roles in oxidative stress. Pathway analysis showed that the signaling pathways involved in insulin and glucose metabolism had a close relationship with oxidative stress. Furtherin vitroexperiments showed that the expression of the upregulated geneGNMTwas significantly increased in primary porcine hepatocytes after diquat stimulation. In contrast, the level of the downregulated geneGCKwas significantly decreased at 12 h in primary porcine hepatocytes after diquat stimulation. Our results expand our knowledge of the lncRNAs and mRNAs transcribed in the livers of piglets under oxidative stress and provide a basis for future research on the molecular mechanisms mediating oxidative stress and tissue damage.
Physical-Chemical Characterization and Mineralogic Analysis of Hydrothermal Systems Located in the Coconuco and the San Juan Sectors in Cauca, Colombia
Authors: Torres-Ceron Darwin Augusto , Acosta-Medina Carlos Daniel , Restrepo-Parra Elisabeth
Published: May 2019

Hot springs of the volcanic zones are characterized for having high sulfur content in the form of sulphate and other ions resulting from chemical reactions. Sources with these types of elements are of great interest for the tourism and geothermal industry because of their highlighted properties which include therapeutic treatments, relaxation baths, agricultural applications, and preservation of flora and fauna among others. For these reasons, research oriented to carry out the characterization of these factors is of great importance to determine the availability of places with such characteristics. This work shows the characterization of 17 hot spring sources located in the Coconuco and San Juan sectors (Cauca, Colombia, South America). Water samples were taken in May 2017, and laboratory analyses were carried out by the Water Laboratory at Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Manizales, based on the Standard Methods (APHA-AWWA-WEF). Rock samples were taken in November 2017, and laboratory analyses were carried out by the GMAS+ Laboratory (Bogotá, Colombia). The Piper, Stiff, and ternary (Giggenbach) diagrams were used for the classification of major ions. Mineralogy composition was determined through XRD and XRF. Results indicate that most sources are of the sulphated type according to the anions and of the calcium type according to the cations. In concordance with Giggenbach diagrams, most of the sources are immature waters and, despite their interaction with rocks, they have not achieved the equilibrium. Likewise, these sources are of heated vapor type and, considering that they consist of sulphated acid sources, it is not possible to evaluate the reservoir temperatures from Na/K cations. The low Ca2+/Mg2+ ratio in the sources indicates the lack of direct migration of fluids and the high content of Ca2+ and Mg2+ regarding Na+ and K+, which suggests that fluids possibly are mixed with cold waters rich in Ca2+ and Mg2+. From the mineralogic characterization, it was observed that volcanic rocks are composed of cristobalite and albite with TiO2, Fe2O3, and CaO traces and mineral sulfur. Metals like Cr, considered in this case as contaminants, are found in low concentrations in rocks and are not detected in these waters.
Metabolic Phenotyping of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Reveals a Unique Signature and Intrinsic Differences between Fat Pads
Authors: Lefevre Camille , Panthu Baptiste , Naville Danielle , Guibert Sylvie , Pinteur Claudie , Elena-Herrmann Bénédicte , Vidal Hubert , Rautureau Gilles J. P. , Mey Anne
Published: May 2019

White adipose tissues are functionally heterogeneous and differently manage the excess of energy supply. While the expansion of subcutaneous adipose tissues (SAT) is protective in obesity, that of visceral adipose tissues (VAT) correlates with the emergence of metabolic diseases. Maintained in fat pads throughout life, adipose stem cells (ASC) are mesenchymal-like stem cells with adipogenesis and multipotent differentiation potential. ASC from distinct fat pads have long been reported to present distinct proliferation and differentiation potentials that are maintained in culture, yet the origins of these intrinsic differences are still unknown. Metabolism is central to stem cell fate decision in line with environmental changes. In this study, we performed high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomic analyses of ASC culture supernatants in order to characterize their metabolic phenotype in culture. We identified and quantified 29 ASC exometabolites and evaluated their consumption or secretion over 72 h of cell culture. Both ASC used glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism, as evidenced by the high secretions of lactate and citrate, respectively, but V-ASC mostly used glycolysis. By varying the composition of the cell culture medium, we showed that glutaminolysis, rather than glycolysis, supported the secretion of pyruvate, alanine, and citrate, evidencing a peculiar metabolism in ASC cells. The comparison of the two types of ASC in glutamine-free culture conditions also revealed the role of glutaminolysis in the limitation of pyruvate routing towards the lactate synthesis, in S-ASC but not in V-ASC. Altogether, our results suggest a difference between depots in the capacity of ASC mitochondria to assimilate pyruvate, with probable consequences on their differentiation potential in pathways requiring an increased mitochondrial activity. These results highlight a pivotal role of metabolic mechanisms in the discrimination between ASC and provide new perspectives in the understanding of their functional differences.
Mitochondria- and Oxidative Stress-Targeting Substances in Cognitive Decline-Related Disorders: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Evidence
Authors: Lejri Imane , Agapouda Anastasia , Grimm Amandine , Eckert Anne
Published: May 2019

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia affecting people mainly in their sixth decade of life and at a higher age. It is an extensively studied neurodegenerative disorder yet incurable to date. While its main postmortem brain hallmarks are the presence of amyloid-βplaques and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles, the onset of the disease seems to be largely correlated to mitochondrial dysfunction, an early event in the disease pathogenesis. AD is characterized by flawed energy metabolism in the brain and excessive oxidative stress, processes that involve less adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and more reactive oxygen species (ROS) production respectively. Mitochondria are at the center of both these processes as they are responsible for energy and ROS generation through mainly oxidative phosphorylation. StandardizedGinkgo bilobaextract (GBE), resveratrol, and phytoestrogens as well as the neurosteroid allopregnanolone have shown not only some mitochondria-modulating properties but also significant antioxidant potential inin vitroandin vivostudies. According to our review of the literature, GBE, resveratrol, allopregnanolone, and phytoestrogens showed promising effects on mitochondria in a descending evidence order and, notably, this order pattern is in line with the existing clinical evidence level for each entity. In this review, the effects of these four entities are discussed with special focus on their mitochondria-modulating effects and their mitochondria-improving and antioxidant properties across the spectrum of cognitive decline-related disorders. Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies on their mechanisms of action are summarized and highlighted.
Radiation-Induced DNA Damage Cooperates with Heterozygosity of TP53 and PTEN to Generate High-Grade Gliomas
Authors: Todorova Pavlina K. , Fletcher-Sananikone Eliot , Mukherjee Bipasha , Kollipara Rahul , Vemireddy Vamsidhara , Xie Xian-Jin , Guida Peter M. , Story Michael D. , Hatanpaa Kimmo , Habib Amyn A. , Kittler Ralf , Bachoo Robert , Hromas Robert , Floyd John R. , Burma Sandeep
Published: May 2019

Glioblastomas are lethal brain tumors that are treated with conventional radiation (X-rays and gamma rays) or particle radiation (protons and carbon ions). Paradoxically, radiation is also a risk factor for GBM development, raising the possibility that radiotherapy of brain tumors could promote tumor recurrence or trigger secondary gliomas. In this study, we determined whether tumor suppressor losses commonly displayed by patients with GBM confer susceptibility to radiation-induced glioma. Mice with Nestin-Cre-driven deletions of Trp53 and Pten alleles were intracranially irradiated with X-rays or charged particles of increasing atomic number and linear energy transfer (LET). Mice with loss of one allele each of Trp53 and Pten did not develop spontaneous gliomas, but were highly susceptible to radiation-induced gliomagenesis. Tumor development frequency after exposure to high-LET particle radiation was significantly higher compared with X-rays, in accordance with the irreparability of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) induced by high-LET radiation. All resultant gliomas, regardless of radiation quality, presented histopathologic features of grade IV lesions and harbored populations of cancer stem-like cells with tumor-propagating properties. Furthermore, all tumors displayed concomitant loss of heterozygosity of Trp53 and Pten along with frequent amplification of the Met receptor tyrosine kinase, which conferred a stem cell phenotype to tumor cells. Our results demonstrate that radiation-induced DSBs cooperate with preexisting tumor suppressor losses to generate high-grade gliomas. Moreover, our mouse model can be used for studies on radiation-induced development of GBM and therapeutic strategies.

Significance:

This study uncovers mechanisms by which ionizing radiation, especially particle radiation, promote GBM development or recurrence.
Single and Dual Targeting of Mutant EGFR with an Allosteric Inhibitor
Authors: To Ciric , Jang Jaebong , Chen Ting , Park Eunyoung , Mushajiang Mierzhati , De Clercq Dries J.H. , Xu Man , Wang Stephen , Cameron Michael D. , Heppner David E. , Shin Bo Hee , Gero Thomas W. , Yang Annan , Dahlberg Suzanne E. , Wong Kwok-Kin , Eck Michael J. , Gray Nathanael S. , Jänne Pasi A.
Published: May 2019

Allosteric kinase inhibitors offer a potentially complementary therapeutic strategy to ATP-competitive kinase inhibitors due to their distinct sites of target binding. In this study, we identify and study a mutant-selective EGFR allosteric inhibitor, JBJ-04-125-02, which as a single agent can inhibit cell proliferation and EGFRL858R/T790M/C797S signaling in vitro and in vivo. However, increased EGFR dimer formation limits treatment efficacy and leads to drug resistance. Remarkably, osimertinib, an ATP-competitive covalent EGFR inhibitor, uniquely and significantly enhances the binding of JBJ-04-125-02 for mutant EGFR. The combination of osimertinib and JBJ-04-125-02 results in an increase in apoptosis, a more effective inhibition of cellular growth, and an increased efficacy in vitro and in vivo compared with either single agent alone. Collectively, our findings suggest that the combination of a covalent mutant–selective ATP-competitive inhibitor and an allosteric EGFR inhibitor may be an effective therapeutic approach for patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancer.

Significance:

The clinical efficacy of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in EGFR-mutant lung cancer is limited by acquired drug resistance, thus highlighting the need for alternative strategies to inhibit EGFR. Here, we identify a mutant EGFR allosteric inhibitor that is effective as a single agent and in combination with the EGFR TKI osimertinib.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 813
РЕТРОСПЕКТИВНИЙ АНАЛІЗ АНАМНЕЗУ ЖІНОК З ТРУБНО-ПЕРИТОНЕАЛЬНОЮ ФОРМОЮ БЕЗПЛІДДДЯ
Authors: Bagatko O. V.
Published: May 2019

Мета. Вивчити особливості анамнезу жінок репродуктивного віку з трубно-перитонеальною формою безпліддя.

Матеріали та методи. Проаналізовано медичну документацію 121-ї пацієнтки репродуктивного віку  з трубно-перитонеальним безпліддям, які звернулися для лікування безпліддя методами ВРТ та 50 гінекологічно здорових жінок. Були оцінені дані про соматичний, репродуктивний та гінекологічний анамнез, вік та соціальний статус.

Результати. Аналіз соматичного анамнезу обстежених жінок показав, що жінки з трубно-перитонеальним безпліддям значно частіше страждали на запальні процеси сечовидільної системи; хронічні захворювання  дихальної сиситеми. Значна частка пацієнток з безпліддям відмічали наявність болів під час менструації, та рясні менструації.

Найбільш розповсюдженими у обстежених пацієнток були запальні захворювання піхви (53,7 %) та тазових органів (77,7 %), майже половина пацієнток мали повторні епізоди вказаної патології (45,7 %). Кожна четверта обстежена в минулому була прооперована на тазових органах (26,5 %). Народжували лише 26,5 % пацієнток з безпліддям, а в контрольній групі – 60,0 % (p<0,05), а частота мимовільних викиднів була вних в чотири рази більше (16,5 % у порівнянні з 4,0 %, p<0,05).

Висновки. Наявність в анамнезі запальних захворювань сечовидільної та репродуктивної системи, хронічних захворювань дихальної системи, мимовільних абортів та позаматкових вагітностей, оперативних втручань на тазових органах, рясних та болісних менструацій є фактором ризику розвитку трубно-перитонеального безпліддя.
МЕДИКО-СОЦІАЛЬНІ АСПЕКТИ ВІДНОВНОГО ЛІКУВАННЯ ХВОРИХ НА ІНФАРКТ МІОКАРДА З КОМОРБІДНИМ ЦУКРОВИМ ДІАБЕТОМ
Authors: Levytska L. V.
Published: May 2019

Мета: встановити критерії готовності до реабілітації хворих на інфаркт міокарда залежно від наявності супутнього цукрового діабету з врахуванням особливостей функціонального стану організму.

Матеріали і методи. Обстежено 371 хворого на гострий інфаркт міокарда з коморбідною патологією. Діагностику, лікування та реабілітацію пацієнтів проводили відповідно до чинних протоколів.

Результати. Поглиблений статистичний аналіз дозволив підтвердити описаний іншими дослідниками вплив супутнього цукрового діабету на різні функціональні системи організму хворого на гострий інфаркт міокарда та виявити нові маркерні показники, які можуть бути використані для контролю метаболічних, гемодинамічних та регуляторних порушень при відновленні здоров’я у хворих на інфаркт міокарда. Окрім глюкози, як традиційного маркера супутнього цукрового діабету, ними виявилися рівень фібриногену, міжнародне нормалізоване відношення швидкості осідання еритроцитів, кількість лімфоцитів у периферійній крові, тривалість анамнезу артеріальної гіпертензії та індекс коморбідності Чарльсона. Стосовно ускладнень інфаркту міокарда, які переважають у хворих на цукровий діабет, то в них більш часто діагностували серцеву астму, аневризму лівого шлуночка і синдром Дреслера.

Висновки. 1. Поєднання інфаркту міокарда з коморбідним цукровим діабетом є незалежним предиктором гіршого функціонального стану організму, в таких хворих найчастіше розвиваються ускладнення інфаркту міокарда та серцева недостатність, що потребує більш ретельного контролю за маркерними функціональними показниками, а також індивідуального підходу в проведенні реабілітаційних заходів.

2. Інтегральним показником для оцінки функціонального стану хворого при плануванні реабілітаційних заходів може слугувати індекс коморбідностіЧарльсона, який відображає кількісний ступінь коморбідності у хворих на інфаркт міокарда в поєднанні з цукровим діабетом.
ПОРІВНЯЛЬНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ПРОТОКОЛІВ СТИМУЛЯЦІЇ ОВУЛЯЦІЇ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ АГОНІСТІВ ТА АНТАГОНІСТІВ ГОНАДОТРОПІН-РИЛІЗИНГ-ГОРМОНІВ У ПРОГРАМАХ ДОПОМІЖНИХ РЕПРОДУКТИВНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ (ОГЛЯД ЛІТЕРАТУРИ)
Authors: Khmil M. S. , Khmil S. V. , Chudiyovych N. Ya. , Khmil-Doswald A. S.
Published: May 2019

Мета: провести аналіз сучасної вітчизняної та зарубіжної літератури відносно протоколів стимуляції овуляції з використанням агоністів та антагоністів гонадотропін-рилізинг гормонів в програмах допоміжних репродуктивних технологій. Оцінити їх ефективність та безпечність. Порівняти переваги та недоліки кожного із них.

Матеріали і методи. У дослідженні використано бібліосемантичний та аналітичний методи. Під час виконання дослідження було проведено огляд та проаналізовано 23 джерела сучасної вітчизняної та зарубіжної літератури щодо вибору оптимального протоколу контрольованої стимуляції овуляції в циклах екстракорпорального запліднення.

Результати. Контрольована оваріальна стимуляція є першим та одним із найважливіших етапів екстракорпорального запліднення. Тактика вибору оптимального протоколу контрольованої стимуляції овуляції має бути строго індивідуальною. На сьогодні існує безліч видів протоколів стимуляції суперовуляції у пацієнтів, щоякі проходять лікування безпліддя в програмах екстракорпорального запліднення. Кожен із цих протоколів має свої переваги та недоліки, проте найчастіше використовуваними в клінічній практиці є протоколи стимуляції суперовуляції з використанням агоністів та антагоністів гонадотропін-рилізинг-гормонів (ГнРГ). Хоча питання відносно механізму дії агоністів та антагоністів ГнРГ добре відомий, але до сих пір немає чіткої відповіді про те, який аналог дає кращі результати в клінічній практиці.

Висновки. Протоколи з використанням антагоністів гонадотропін-рилізинг-гормону є значно безпечнішими, оскільки їх використання суттєво знижує частоту виникнення синдрому гіперстимуляції яєчників за рахунок можливості маневрування при виборі тригера. Є комфортнішими для пацієнтів за рахунок коротшої тривалості та нижчої вартості стимуляції овуляції. Є ефективними у жінок із поганою (бідною) відповіддю на контрольовану стимуляцію яєчників та наявністю синдрому полікістозних яєчників. Натомість при використанні довгих протоколів з агоністами ГнРГ спостерігали вищу частоту настання вагітності.
Islamic Media in Soviet Central Asia
Authors: Tasar Eren
Published: May 2019

This paper takes stock of “Islamic media” in the ussr by reviewing the kinds of sources that are available for the study of Islam in the Soviet Union, and, more importantly, exploring how social historians can use them. What follows is a detailed discussion of three genres of materials: anti-religious propaganda; correspondence of the official organizations engaged with Islam; and what, for convenience’s sake, I will term Islamic samizdat (popular religious literature and the few available autobiographies of ‘ulama).
The Emergence and the Way of Life of The Wage Laborer Class in Thailand from the end of the 18th to the 19th Century
Authors: Bualek Punnee
Published: May 2019

This research explores the answers to three significant questions. 1) When and in what conditions did the wage laborer class emerge in Thailand? 2) What kinds of relationships were there between the wage laborers and the productivity process? 3) Under those relationships, what were their real lives and way of life like?
Compact City Strategy of Bangkok Mega-City
Authors: Denpaiboon Chaweewan , Kanegae Hidehiko
Published: May 2019

The objectives of this study encompass three aspects. First, it analyzes the Bangkok Mega-city Model in three subareas around the New Suvarnabhumi International Airport.4 Second, it analyzes the compact city policy to measure factors of the compact city based on affordable transportation costs related to household income, jobhousing balance, and facilities. Third, it analyzes household commuting travel using modeling displays with visual simulation. The results show that the compact city strategy can shed light on the lifestyle of residents in a mega-city. Moreover, the study reveals that the patterns of urban structure in the Bangkok Metropolis are close to the compact city concept, which means the residents utilize urban structure in an area not more than 20 kilometers distant from their residences. The study was designed to show the necessity of urban policy that pursues "a compact city" in the Bangkok Mega-city.
The Polysemy of “chɔ̂ɔp” in Thai: A Pragmatically Motivated Phenomenon
Authors: Jaroenkitboworn Kandaporn
Published: May 2019

This paper analyzes the word chɔ̂ɔp in Thai, which normally signifies three different meanings, namely ‘to be right’, ‘to like’ and ‘often’. The result of the analysis shows that it is more likely that the polysemy of chɔ̂ɔp arises from pragmatic motivation. Pragmatic motivation, which covers factors such as speakers’ attitude, intention, point of view, behavior and social standing, can affect actual use of language. Pragmatically, the word chɔ̂ɔp that means ‘to be right’ can easily lead to an action of agreement. In other words, when we regard something right; we tend to agree on it without argument. This attitude is related to another meaning of chɔ̂ɔp in the way that the degree of agreeability is strengthened into the meaning ‘to like’, or even ‘to love’ and ‘to enjoy’ sometimes. Also, when we like something, or even love and enjoy some activity, this kind of feeling can motivate us to do it again and again and thus we come to have a characteristic behavior. This typical behavior can consequently cause semantic features like [habitual] and [iterative] to occur. With the semantic feature [iterative], the word chɔ̂ɔp then has yet another meaning as ‘often’. This paper also discusses the grammaticalization of the word chɔ̂ɔp from a verb which means ‘to like’ into an adverb of frequency that means ‘often’ i.e. there is a change of word class or part of speech. It was found that there are many cases of chɔ̂ɔp that appear syntactically and semantically ambiguous, or, in other words they are in a transitional period of word class change. This paper indicates that such an ambiguity or incipient grammaticalization is motivated by the speaker’s attitude and point of view.
Nominalization as a Marker of Detachment and Objectivity in Thai Academic Writing
Authors: Prasithrathsint Amara
Published: May 2019

This study is about whether academic writing in every language is marked by nominalization, and what role nominalization plays in academic writing.
The Lao-Speaking Nyo in Banteay Meanchey Province of Cambodia
Authors: Trongdee Thananan
Published: May 2019

There are some researches indicating the presence of Tai Yor or Lao Nyo or Nyo speakers in the Aranyaprathet district, Sa Keaw province of Thailand and in Banteay Meanchey province of Cambodia. This is surprising because as it is generally understood the Nyo people are predominantly located in Tha Uthen district, Nakhon Phanom province and in the Kantharawichai district, Maha Sarakham province. In order to investigate this discrepancy in 2012 the Lao Nyo was studied by the author in Banteay Meanchey province and data were gathered on the phonological system and basic words of the so called Lao Nyo dialect. The objectives of this paper are first to prove that the Lao Nyo dialect in Banteay Meanchey is neither Nyo nor Yo, and secondly to investigate some of the reasons underlying the identification of this Tai dialect as Lao Nyo. There are four sets of evidence presented here 1) a comparison of the tone boxes between Nyo, Yo, Lao Nyo and Lao; 2) a comparison of the development of proto Tai *əï,*eï,*oï in these dialects; 3) a comparison of the development of proto Tai *kw,*khw,*xw,*ɣw in these dialects; and 4) a comparison of the lexical items found only in Nyo. The results are 1) the tone box of Lao Nyo is different from both Nyo and Yo but similar to Lao; 2) proto Tai *əï,*eï,*oï become -aj in Lao Nyo, Lao and Yo but become -ə: in Nyo; 3) proto Tai *kw,*khw,*xw,*ɣw become kw, khw, khw, khw in Yo but become k, kh, kh, kh in Nyo, Lao Nyo and Lao; and 4) the lexical items which are found only in Nyo cannot be found in Lao Nyo and Lao. Based on these four sets of evidence it can be concluded that Lao Nyo in Banteay Meanchey is neither Nyo nor Yo but is instead a dialect of Lao. The explanation proposed to account for the identification of this Lao dialect as Nyo or Lao Nyo is that some tone shapes in Nyo and Lao Nyo are very similar and some are even identical to the tone shapes in Nyo. This is likely to explain why these Lao speakers tend to identify themselves as Nyo or Lao Nyo.
On a Quest for the Jewel: A Review of the Fine Arts Department’s Edition of Phra Horathibodi’s Chindamani
Authors: Panarut Peera
Published: May 2019

This article offers a review of the Fine Arts Department’s edition of Phra Horathibodi’s Chindamani, edited by Thanit Yupho in 1942. The textual problems of the Chindamani and the editorial problems of the edition are reviewed using a text critical approach, and the conclusions presented are based on evidence found mainly in 109 manuscripts kept at the National Library of Thailand.
Multilingualism in the Linguistic Landscape of the Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
Authors: Siricharoen Aroonrung
Published: May 2019

This paper is an examination of multilingual signage in the Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn University, where a number of language courses are offered not only to the university community but also to outsiders who are interested in learning foreign languages. Special attention is given to the distinction between signs made by the university and those by students and outsiders. By focusing on the multilingual signs in public space, the aim of the study is to investigate the extent to which multilingualism is promoted through the linguistic landscape in the common areas of the Faculty of Arts. The study reveals that Thai-English bilingualism is promoted within the Faculty of Arts. A few language departments have made attempts to establish their language in the public space while some languages appeared only on outsiders’ signs. The paper contributes to our understanding of linguistic landscape research by investigating the degree to which multilingualism is promoted via the linguistic landscape within the Faculty of Arts.
Exploring Translators’ Impact on Translated Narratives: A Model of Re-Focalization
Authors: Wu Yinran
Published: May 2019

The paper sets out to propose a model for analyzing how translators exert their impact on their translations by altering the lens from which characters and events are perceived. Built upon Rimmon-Kenan’s framework (i.e. perceptual, psychological and ideological facets of focalization), an analytical model is developed to examine re-focalization as reflected between the source and target narratives—how one facet of focalization is altered into another and/or what changes are made within the same facet. The model is applied to a case analysis of the Chinese translation of Peter Hessler’s China story River Town: Two Years on the Yangtze. The findings from the textual analysis suggest that Li Xueshun, the translator, assumes an insider position in the sense that he aligns the focalizer’s perception of the history of China since 1949 with that of the Chinese people and foregrounds the inner qualities of the focalized (including the peasants and other common townspeople) by adopting the Chinese socialist lens. The model provides an alternative way to interrogate translators’ relationships with their own translations. While most previous research has tended to trace the translator’s voice through stylistic features, the proposed model allows one to explore how the translators influence the original ways of ‘seeing’ by introducing into the translated narrative a different focalizer.
See lilies of the genus Bathycrinus (Echinodermata, Crinoidea: Bathycrinidae) from the North-West Pacific hadal trenches
Authors: MIRONOV ALEXANDR N.
Published: May 2019

In the North-West Pacific hadal trenches, four species belonging to the stalked crinoid genus Bathycrinus were found, three of them are new for science: Bathycrinus kirilli n. sp., B. longipinnus n. sp. and B. rozhnovi n. sp. B. kirilli n. sp. from the Izu-Bonin Trench (9715–9735 m) is the deepest-dwelling crinoid species. Similar characters shared by B. kirilli n. sp. to B. volubilis Mironov, 2000 from the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench (8175–9584 m) related to trench topography with isolated small basins, as previously suggested by Belyaev (1989). Hypotheses explaining why deepest hadal Bathycrinus species display higher abundance than species inhabiting shallower environments are discussed.
A new species and the first record of the genus Micrapemon Edwards (Diptera: Keroplatidae) from Mexico
Authors: HUERTA HERON
Published: May 2019

The first record of the genus Micrapemon Edwards from Mexico is presented, with the description and illustration of a new species, Micrapemon maya spec. nov., based on adult males collected with Malaise traps from Yucatan (natural reserves of Ria Celestun and Ria Lagartos). The new species from Mexico is compared with the two previously known species from the Neotropical region, Micrapemon majusculum (Edwards) and Micrapemon parvum (Williston). A key is included to the species of the genus.
Assessment of Significant Wave Height in the Taiwan Strait Measured by a Single HF Radar System
Authors: Cai Linghui , Shang Shaoping , Wei Guomei , He Zhigang , Xie Yanshuang , Liu Ke , Zhou Tao , Chen Jinquan , Zhang Feng , Li Yan
Published: May 2019

Dual high-frequency (HF) radar systems are often used to provide measurements of waves, winds, and currents. In this study, the accuracy of wave measurements using a single HF radar system (OS081H-A) was explored using datasets obtained during 5–27 January 2014 in the southwestern Taiwan Strait. We selected the study region as an area with >90% coverage (i.e., the range was <100 km). Qualitative and quantitative intercomparison of wave measurements (by the radar and five buoys) and wave model products [from the Simulating Wave Nearshore (SWAN) model] were conducted. Intercomparison of the modeled and in situ significant wave height Hs showed that the model-predicted Hs could be considered to be acceptable for use as “sea truth” to evaluate the radar-derived Hs, with mean bias from −0.45 to −0.16 m, mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.24–0.45 m, and root-mean-square error of 0.31–0.54 m. It was found that the MAE of radar-derived Hs was ≤ 1 m for 86% of the sector (except at the edge of sector) when the model-predicted Hs was ≥ 1.5 m. In particular, the MAE was less than 0.6 m for 63% of the sector, which was mainly distributed in the area with a bearing from −50° to +70° and a range of 20–70 km. The results are promising, but more work is needed. We employed a spatial distribution function for the MAE of the radar-derived Hs over the sample duration based on range, bearing, and mean radar-derived Hs.
Clinical Reasoning, Grünbaum, and Freud’s “Cleverest Dreamer” Dream Interpretation
Authors: Michael Michael T.
Published: May 2019

The philosopher Adolf Grünbaum has repeatedly criticized Freud’s reasoning, claiming that much of it is overtly fallacious. One such criticism that has gone without reply concerns Freud’s controversial response to the counterwish objection to his theory of dreams, that the reason some dreams appear to represent the frustration of a wish rather than the fulfillment of one is that they actually represent the dreamer’s wish to prove Freud wrong. Grünbaum contends that in giving such a response Freud commits several glaring fallacies. But Grünbaum’s analysis is mistaken and misrepresents Freud’s thought. Contrary to Grünbaum’s interpretation of Freud’s reasoning as deductive, this reasoning is best construed as a form of “inference to the best explanation.”
Climate Change and Crime Revisited: An Exploration of Monthly Temperature Anomalies and UCR Crime Data
Authors: Mares Dennis M. , Moffett Kenneth W.
Published: May 2019

A growing body of research suggests a positive connection between climate change and crime, but few studies have explored the seasonal nature of that link. Here, we examine how the impact of climate change on crime may partly depend on specific times of the year as recent climatological research suggests that climate change may have a diverging impact during different times of the year. To do so, we utilize the largest, most current dataset of all main categories of reported crime by month and year in the United States—the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI) Uniform Crime Reports. We employ historical weather data collected by the Global Historical Climatology Network to measure climate change, and develop a procedure that weighs and connects these data to individual crime reporting agencies. We discover not only a positive association between climate change and crime but also substantial monthly variation in this association.
Neighborhood Disorganization and Women’s Sanitation Utilization Practices in Mathare Valley, Kenya
Authors: Winter Samantha , Barchi Francis , Dzombo Millicent Ningoma
Published: May 2019

Approximately, 2.4 billion people, globally, lack access to safe toilets. The burden of this deficiency falls disproportionately on women living in informal settlements in developing countries. While there is a growing body of literature looking at the factors influencing women’s sanitation behavior, little is known about the role of the neighborhood environment. This study sought to explore this issue using data from a 2016 mixed-methods study focused on women in Mathare Valley informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. Qualitative and quantitative data were used to analyze the role of neighborhood disorganization in the relationship between women’s sanitation-related stressors and their sanitation behaviors (utilization). Findings suggest that neighborhood disorganization is inextricably linked to women’s daily sanitation behaviors and the stressors that are associated with those behaviors. These results suggest that the health and safety of neighborhood environments may be critical factors in the future success of sanitation-related interventions and policies.
Relationship Between Perfectionism and Depression Among Chinese College Students With Self-Esteem as a Mediator
Authors: Chai Ling , Yang Wenhui , Zhang Jie , Chen Shuyu , Hennessy Dwight A. , Liu Yanzheng
Published: May 2019

Objectives

This study is designed to examine the mediating role of self-esteem (SE) in the relationship between perfectionism and depression among a nonclinical sample of 918 Chinese college students.

Methods

Participants completed a questionnaire battery that included measures of perfectionism (Almost Perfect Scale-Revised), depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression), and self-esteem (The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale).

Results

The results showed that maladaptive perfectionism significantly and positively predicted depression, while adaptive perfectionism and self-esteem negatively predicted depression. More importantly, self-esteem partially mediated the prediction of depression from both adaptive perfectionism and maladaptive perfectionism.

Conclusion

Self-esteem was a significant mediator on the relationship between perfectionism and depression. Elevating student self-esteem may be a way of reducing depression, particularly among maladaptive perfectionists.
The Passion Scale—Portuguese Version: Reliability, Validity, and Invariance of Gender and Sport
Authors: Cid Luis , Vitorino Anabela , Bento Teresa , Teixeira Diogo S. , Rodrigues Filipe , Monteiro Diogo
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the original version of the Passion Scale (14 items, two factors). We tested it within a sample of mixed gender Portuguese athletes from different sports, including adapted sports. In addition to demonstrating reliability, validity, and confirmatory factor analyses of the Passion Scale, we sought to analyze the invariance of this measure between males and females and across six types of sports (soccer, futsal, swimming, surf, bodyboard, and adapted sports). We recruited 1,316 athletes to test this scale from both genders (1,109 males; 207 females), aged 14–59 years ( M = 21.83; SD = 8.67). Our main results revealed weaknesses in the factor model for the original instrument (14 items and two factors) leading us to reject the model. However, after adapting the model (to eight items and two factors), the psychometric properties of the Passion Scale improved substantially and then exhibited (a) good fit to the data and (b) invariance between gender and across sports. Our new proposed version of the Passion Scale can be used with confidence to analyze the passion athletes feel when practicing their sport.
Is Verstehen Scientific Understanding?
Authors: Khalifa Kareem
Published: May 2019

Many have argued that the human sciences feature a unique form of understanding ( Verstehen) that is absent from the natural sciences. However, in the last decade or so, epistemologists and philosophers of natural science have been proffering analyses of a kind of natural-scientific understanding. Using examples from educational psychology and anthropology, I argue that there are prima facie reasons to think these recent accounts of natural-scientific understanding impose necessary conditions on Verstehen. This suggests that any claim about Verstehen’s distinctiveness faces hitherto-unappreciated burdens of proof.
The School-To-Prison Pipeline: An Examination of the Association Between Suspension and Justice System Involvement
Authors: Novak Abigail
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study is to contribute to understanding the school-to-prison pipeline by examining the extent to which low school commitment and deviant peer association mediate the relationship between suspension by age 12 and justice system involvement by age 18. The analysis was performed in two steps using structural equation modeling and data from the LONGSCAN study ( N = 837). Results of the full model indicate that suspension by the age of 12 is associated with justice system involvement directly and indirectly. Directly, youth who are suspended by age 12 are more likely to report justice system involvement at age 18; indirectly, these youth are more likely to associate with deviant peers in adolescence, increasing their odds of justice system involvement.
Impact of the crural diaphragm thickness on pulmonary function after lobectomy
Authors: Ota Hideki , Matsumoto Hidekazu
Published: May 2019

Objective

The crural diaphragm is responsible for pulmonary ventilation in the early period after lobectomy. However, the role of its thickness in pulmonary ventilation remains unclear. We investigated the impact of crural diaphragm thickness on pulmonary oxygenation and gas exchange early after lobectomy.

Methods

We enrolled 32 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy. Crural diaphragm thickness was defined as the average of the maximum thicknesses of the right and left crural diaphragm at the level of the median arcuate ligament on computed tomography. Pulmonary oxygenation and gas exchange were evaluated by the ratio of arterial oxygen tension/fraction of inspiratory oxygen and alveolar-arterial oxygen difference on the second postoperative day.

Results

Crural diaphragm thickness of 7.0 ± 1.7 mm was associated with vital capacity. After lobectomy, arterial oxygen tension/fraction of inspiratory oxygen decreased significantly and alveolar-arterial oxygen difference increased significantly. Five patients with oxygen saturation via pulse oximetry ≤92% had a lower arterial oxygen tension/fraction of inspiratory oxygen and higher alveolar-arterial oxygen difference than the others. Crural diaphragm thickness in these patients was less than in the others (5.5 ± 1.9 vs. 7.3 ± 1.5 mm, p = 0.033). In multivariate analysis, crural diaphragm thickness remained an independent factor affecting arterial oxygen tension/fraction of inspiratory oxygen and alveolar-arterial oxygen difference ( p = 0.044, p = 0.049). Crural diaphragm thickness was positively associated with arterial oxygen tension/fraction of inspiratory oxygen and negatively associated with alveolar-arterial oxygen difference.

Conclusion

Crural diaphragm thickness affects pulmonary ventilation early after lobectomy.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing GATA-4 improve cardiac function following myocardial infarction
Authors: He Ji-Gang , Li Hong-Rong , Li Bei-Bei , Xie Qiao-Li , Yan Dan , Wang Xue-Juan
Published: May 2019

Introduction:

The present study aimed to examine whether GATA-4 overexpressing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can improve cardiac function in a murine myocardial infarction model compared with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells alone.

Methods:

A lentiviral-based transgenic system was used to generate bone mesenchymal stem cells which stably expressed GATA-4 (GATA-4-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells). Apoptosis and the myogenic phenotype of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were measured using Western blot and immunofluorescence assays co-cultured with cardiomyocytes. Cardiac function, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell homing, cardiac cell apoptosis, and vessel number following transplantation were assessed, as well as the expression of c-Kit.

Results:

In GATA-4-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-cardiomyocyte co-cultures, expression of myocardial-specific antigens, cTnT, connexin-43, desmin, and α-actin was increased compared with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells alone. Caspase 8 and cytochrome C expression was lower, and the apoptotic rate was significantly lower in GATA-4 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cardiac function following myocardial infarction was also increased in the GATA-4 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell group as demonstrated by enhanced ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening. Analysis of the cardiac tissue revealed that the GATA-4 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell group had a greater number of DiR-positive cells suggestive of increased homing and/or survival. Transplantation with GATA-4-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells significantly increased the number of blood vessels, decreased the proportion of apoptotic cells, and increased the mean number of cardiac c-kit-positive cells.

Conclusion:

GATA-4 overexpression in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells exerts anti-apoptotic effects by targeting cytochrome C and Fas pathways, promotes the aggregation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in cardiac tissue, facilitates angiogenesis, and effectively mobilizes c-kit-positive cells following myocardial infarction, leading to the improvement of cardiac function after MI.
A survey of the choice of general anaesthetic agents in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: McGain Forbes , Bishop Jason R , Elliot-Jones Laura M , Story David A , Imberger Georgina LL
Published: May 2019

Strategies to reduce the adverse environmental costs of anaesthesia include choice of agent and fresh gas flows. The current preferences of Australian and New Zealand anaesthetists are unknown. We conducted a survey of Australian and New Zealand anaesthetists to determine the use of volatiles, nitrous oxide and intravenous anaesthesia, lowest fresh gas flow rates, automated end-tidal volatile control, and the rationales for these choices. The survey was answered by 359/1000 (36%), although not all questions and multiple responses within single questions were answered by all respondents. Sevoflurane was preferred by 246/342 (72%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 67%–77%), followed by propofol, 54/340 (16%, 95% CI 12%–20%), desflurane 39/339 (12%, 95% CI 8%–16%) and isoflurane 3/338(1%, 95% CI 0–3%). When asked about all anaesthetics, low-risk clinical profile was the most common reason given for using sevoflurane (129/301 (43%, 95% CI 37%–49%)), reduced postoperative nausea for propofol (297/318 (93%, 95% CI 90%–96%)) and faster induction/awakening times for desflurane (46/313 (79%, 95% CI 74%–83%)). Two-thirds (226/340 (66%, 95% CI 61%–71%)) of respondents used nitrous oxide in 0–20% of general anaesthetics. Low fresh gas flow rates for sevoflurane were used by 310/333 (93%, 95% CI 90%–95%) and for 262/268 (98%, 95% CI 95%–99%) for desflurane. Automated end-tidal control was used by 196/333 (59%, 95% CI 53%–64%). The majority of respondents (>70%) preferred sevoflurane at low flows. These data allow anaesthetists to consider further whether changes are required to the choices of anaesthetic agents for environmental, financial, or any other reasons.