bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preclinical extracranial aneurysm models for the study and treatment of brain aneurysms: A systematic review
Authors: Marbacher Serge , Strange Fabio , Frösén Juhana , Fandino Javier
Published: March 2020

Animal models make an important contribution to our basic understanding of the pathobiology of human brain aneurysms, are indispensable in testing novel treatment approaches, and are essential for training interventional neuroradiologists and neurosurgeons. Researchers are confronted with a broad diversity of models and techniques in various species. This systematic review aims to summarize and categorize extracranial aneurysm models and their characteristics, discuss advantages and disadvantages, and suggest the best use of each model. We searched the electronical Medline/PubMed database between 1950 and 2020 to identify main models and their refinements and technical modifications for creation of extracranial aneurysms. Each study included was assessed for aneurysm-specific characteristics, technical details of aneurysm creation, and histological findings. Among more than 4000 titles and abstracts screened, 473 studies underwent full-text analysis. From those, 68 different techniques/models in five different species were identified, analyzed in detail, and then grouped into one of the five main groups of experimental models as sidewall, terminal, stump, bifurcation, or complex aneurysm models. This systematic review provides a compact guide for investigators in selecting the most appropriate model from a range of techniques to best suit their experimental goals, practical considerations, and laboratory environment.
Necessary conditions for near-edge stick of complete contacts
Authors: Riddoch Daniel J , Hills David A
Published: March 2020

The conditions for slip within a contact and at the corner, together with separation conditions, are presented in a general sense and applied to two example finite complete contact problems. These conditions can be found directly from the signs of the relevant stress intensity factors. Furthermore, a new bound on the validity of the asymptotic solution is found and then applied to find a solution relating to separation conditions. Finally, this new bound is used to identify and classify cases in which a region of mode II dominance is seen from purely geometric considerations.
Defining Variations in Outcomes of Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Using the 12-Item International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12)
Authors: Martin RobRoy L. , Kivlan Benjamin R. , Christoforetti John J. , Wolff Andrew B. , Nho Shane J. , Salvo John P. , Van Thiel Geoff , Matsuda Dean , Carreira Dominic S.
Published: March 2020

Background:

As health care moves toward a value-based payment system, it will be important that patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) define variations in outcome over a follow-up period that allows a patient to achieve maximal improvement. Although there is evidence to support the use of PROMs to assess postoperative outcomes after hip arthroscopy, there is limited information available to assess for variations in outcome at a 2-year follow-up interval.

Purpose:

To identify substantial clinical benefit (SCB) and patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) cutoff scores for the 12-item International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12) that define patient status across a spectrum of potential outcomes after hip arthroscopy at a 2-year follow-up interval.

Study design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

These data were collected from a research registry of patients having hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement and/or chondrolabral pathology. On initial assessment and 2 years (±2 months) postoperatively, patients completed the iHOT-12, and categorical self-rating of function. They also completed a visual analog scale of postoperative satisfaction. Receiver operator characteristic analysis was performed to determine absolute SCB iHOT-12 scores associated with an “abnormal,”“nearly normal,” or “normal” self-report of function, and PASS scores for those reporting at least 50%, at least 75%, or 100% satisfaction with their surgery.

Results:

Out of 723 eligible patients, 658 (91%) met the inclusion criteria. The patients consisted of 462 (70%) women and 196 (30%) men, with a mean age of 35.3 years (SD, 13 years) and mean follow-up of 722 days (SD, 69 days). Absolute SCB and PASS iHOT-12 scores ranging from 38 to 86 were accurate in identifying those who had abnormal, nearly normal, and normal self-reported function and were at least 50%, at least 75%, and 100% satisfied with surgery. The areas under the curve were >0.70, with sensitivity and specificity values ranging from 0.78 to 0.92.

Conclusion:

This study provides absolute SCB and PASS iHOT-12 cutoff scores that can be used to define variations in 2-year (±2 months) outcomes in patients after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement and chondrolabral pathology. iHOT-12 scores of 38, 60, and 86 were associated with abnormal, nearly normal, and normal reports of function respectively, with scores of 60, 71, and 86 associated with at least 50%, at least 75%, and 100% satisfaction after surgery, respectively.
Do Satisfied Older Employees Perceive More Social Support Over Time? A Cross-Lagged Examination
Authors: Pindek Shani , Segel-Karpas Dikla
Published: March 2020

Perceived social support has traditionally been examined as an antecedent of well-being, including job satisfaction. The current study offers a new perspective in which job satisfaction can be both an antecedent and outcome of support in older employees. Two wave data from 910 older employees who participated in the Health and Retirement Study were used to test the hypotheses using a cross-lagged panel model. The results indicate that job satisfaction predicts subsequent perceived support from both supervisors and coworkers. However, perceived support from either supervisors or coworkers does not predict subsequent job satisfaction. The discussion suggests that unsatisfied employees, who likely are in greater need of support from their supervisors and peers, perceive having less support available to them. Practically, interventions aimed at increasing satisfaction might also benefit employees’ perceived support, and organizations could leverage our findings to create more favorable work environments.
“We’re Brokers”: How Youth Violence Prevention Workers Intervene in the Lives of At-Risk Youth to Reduce Violence
Authors: Free Janese L.
Published: March 2020

This study explores the strategies youth violence prevention workers (YVPWs) employ to intervene in the lives of at-risk youth. Data drawn from 47 in-depth interviews with YVPWs in a large city in the northeastern United States revealed five main strategies they use to reduce violence, namely (1) sharing information with other YVPWs, (2) collaborating and networking with the community, (3) “being a presence” and building relationships with clients, (4) responding to clients’ conflicts and crises, and (5) providing clients and their families with resources and advocacy. Focused deterrence theory and pulling levers strategy are used to explain the findings and policy and program recommendations are discussed.
To What Extent Does Clinically Assisted Nutrition and Hydration Have a Role in the Care of Dying People?
Authors: Carter Adam Nicholas
Published: March 2020

The question over whether to administer clinically assisted nutrition and hydration (CANH) to a dying patient is controversial, with much debate concerning this sensitive issue. The administration of CANH poses clinical and ethical dilemmas, with supporting and opposing views. Proposed positive effects of CANH include preventing thirst, delirium, hypercalcemia, and opioid toxicity. However, CANH has been shown to increase the risk of aspiration, pressure ulcers, infections, and hospital admissions as well as potentially causing discomfort to the patient. Guidance from several national bodies generally advises that the risks and burdens of CANH outweigh the benefits in the dying patient. However, an individualized approach is needed, and the patient’s wishes regarding CANH need consideration if they have capacity and can communicate. Otherwise, sensitive discussions are required with the family, enquiring about the patient’s prior wishes if there is no advanced care plan and acting in the patient’s best interests. The ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice need to be applied being mindful of any cultural and religious beliefs and potential misperceptions.
Privateers and ports in the mid-Atlantic: Salé and the Canary Islands, c.1600–1850
Authors: Maziane Leila , Pérez Germán Santana
Published: March 2020

Privateering was a common enterprise in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in the waters between the Azores, the Canary Islands and the Iberian Peninsula. Within this ‘oceanic triangle’, both Salé, on the Moroccan coast, and the Canary Islands, in the domains of the Spanish Crown, played an important role. Although privateers from Salé and the Canary Islands evolved in different ways, they were intricately linked through their proximity to one another. This article explores the relationships between the two and the impact of privateering on their respective ports.
The port town of Satgaon: A case study of its prosperity and decline under the Sultanate of Bengal (13th to 16th Century)
Authors: Shaikh Abdul Motleb
Published: March 2020

Over the long term, Tamralipti, Satgaon and then Calcutta succeeded each other as the principal regional port in Bengal. This research note deals with Satgaon, which superseded Tamralipti, primarily due to the silting up and altered course of the Saraswati River, as the region’s trading hub from the thirteenth to the sixteenth century. This significant port town had commercial connections with China, Sumatra, the Maldives, Sri Lanka, the Middle East and East Africa. The study is based on Indo-Persian sources of the period as well as numismatic evidence and the accounts of travellers.
The historiography of navigation and maritime technology in India during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
Authors: Chowdhary Mir Kamruzzaman
Published: March 2020

This article assesses the historiography of navigation and shipbuilding technology in India. Though the paucity of Indian primary sources has deterred historians from compiling large-scale works on these themes, they have been elucidated in a number of valuable publications. Moreover, the voluminous data recorded by the British in particular, and Europeans in general, during seventeenth and eighteenth centuries provides further relevant information on these themes.
Port towns and diplomacy: Japanese naval visits to Britain and Australia in the early twentieth century
Authors: Bassett Melanie
Published: March 2020

The Anglo-Japanese Alliance of 1905 was a watershed moment for the presence of the Royal Navy in the Pacific. Although it allowed the Royal Navy to concentrate its fleets in European waters, this strategy caused resentment due to the underlying fear of the ‘Yellow Peril’, especially in the British dominions of Australia and New Zealand. The Anglo-Japanese Alliance presented some challenges to the received Edwardian racial hierarchy and the idea of British military supremacy. This article demonstrates how the ‘port town’ not only became a place of mediation where high-level international diplomacy mingled with the face-to-face experience of an alliance ‘in practice’, but also a space through which issues such as Otherness and imperial security were contested and explored.
Mechanising migration: Transnational relationships, business structure and diffusing steam on the Atlantic
Authors: Boyd James
Published: March 2020

The diffusion of steam into the transatlantic migration system of the nineteenth century, one of the most important developments in the history of human demography, is often explained by the technical progress of ships, which made the carrying of migrants under steam profitable. Existing historiography posits that early, basic paddle steamers were sustainable only with government mail contracts, whilst iron screw steamers later facilitated the emergence of a mass migrant trade. Data on steam company formation, durability and accounting for the mid-nineteenth century show that technical thresholds are not sufficient to explain the transfer to steam shipping of migrants. Determining factors were inter-regional relationships connecting engineering and demographic change, and, critically, the abandonment of capitalising novel steam lines. This article demonstrates that steam became usable because of endogenous transfer within well-established sailing services, a pivotal strategy adopted by those connected to centres of both innovation and migration.
For those in peril on and off the sea: Merchant marine bodies in nineteenth-century St. John’s, Newfoundland
Authors: Mant Madeleine
Published: March 2020

Nineteenth-century admission records to the St. John’s General Hospital have recently been made available for analysis. Records are extant from 17 May 1886 to 30 December 1899, and of the 5,995 admissions during this period, it was possible to identify 294 unique male merchant seafarers. Individuals were most frequently admitted due to traumatic conditions, respiratory diseases, and sexually transmitted infections, results which resonate with previous historical studies of seafaring health. Cross-referencing individual seafarer’s hospital admissions with crew list agreements from the Registrar General for Shipping and Seamen allowed for an examination of time spent in port before hospital admission, which provides a unique contribution to the historical literature on the health of the maritime workforce. This research sheds light upon the healthcare experience of merchant seafarers in the key port city of St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, emphasizing the value of hospital records in broader studies of occupational risks and hygiene.
The expansion of private shipping and entrepreneurship in Korea, 1960-1981
Authors: Kim S. June
Published: March 2020

The Korean shipping industry has developed swiftly since the 1960s, and by 2018 Korea had become one of the world’s top seven shipowning countries. From 1945 to the 1960s, the Korea Shipping Corporation, as a national shipping company, played a crucial role in leading the development of the shipping industry. Since the privatization of this national shipping company in 1968, Korean shipping has been led by private companies. This article analyzes the forces that drove the rapid expansion of private shipping companies between 1960 and 1981, and contends that government policy and the entrepreneurship of merchant marine officers were the main causal factors.
Sources of Error in Interventional Radiology: How, Why, and When
Authors: Mafeld Sebastian , Oreopoulos George , Musing E. L. S. , Chan Tze , Jaberi Arash , Rajan Dheeraj
Published: March 2020

This article aims to provide an overview of the sources for error in interventional radiology (IR). Being both a procedure and an imaging-based specialty, IR has unique considerations as to how error can occur. However, compared to the surgical and medical literature, data on error in IR are lacking. The available IR literature is reviewed but supplemented with lessons from other specialties and the World Health Organization. Individual risks such as cognitive bias as well as system-level factors are also considered in order to generate a taxonomy for error in IR that includes the operator, patient, team, and environment.
Characterization of mechanical behaviour of healthy and injured human incus by eigenfrequency evaluation
Authors: Gyliene Virginija , Gylys Giedrius , Lipinski Pawel , Wronski Sebastian , Tarasiuk Jacek , Baldit Adrien , Rahouadj Rachid , Eidukynas Valdas , Kraptavičiūte Neringa
Published: March 2020

The usage of finite element method techniques gives a possibility to replace time-consuming experiments or imitate physical process in the ear by numerical simulation. Especially, the research of spatial motion of ossicular chain in the middle ear is of high interest for the oto-surgeons and engineers. It is known that the most affected bone from the ossicular chain is the incus. After the cholesteatoma operation and tympanoplasty, the affected incus is removed or sacrificed; thus, the possibility of transducing noise lays on the stapes, new titanium or other material prosthesis. In this case, the affected incus was removed because of the cholesteatoma that was lying in front of it in the tympanic cavity. The removed incus with the affected long process passed micro–computed tomography. The computer-aided design systems allowed redesigning a ‘healthy’ incus with an intact long process. In this way, it was possible to evaluate the influence of damaged long process of incus in the vibrational analysis. This article analyses the problems of mechanical behaviour of injured and healthy human incus. The numerical simulation has demonstrated that the features of healthy incus and analysed injured incus do not differ significantly, especially at low (about 500 Hz) frequencies. It explains why there is no impact of cholesteatoma on hearing for a long time in the audiogram.
Sociodemographic factors and STIs associated with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in Zambian female sex workers and single mothers
Authors: Connolly Sarah , Wall Kristin M , Parker Rachel , Kilembe William , Inambao Mubiana , Visoiu Ana-Maria , Sharkey Tyronza , Hunter Eric , Allen Susan
Published: March 2020

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in women caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and/or Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) are epidemiologically distinct. In this study, associations with sociodemographic and clinical risk factors are explored separately for CT and NG. Multivariate logistic regression (MLR) models quantify associations between potential CT and/or NG risk factors within a cross-sectional study of high-risk women in two Zambian cities, Lusaka and Ndola. CT was associated with living in Lusaka, younger age, and literacy. Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) was predictive of CT in Ndola, but protective in Lusaka. In Lusaka only, CT was associated with lower education and reported unprotected sex. NG was associated with younger age, lower education, concurrent Trichomonas vaginalis, bacterial vaginosis, and incident syphilis infection. Signs and symptoms were rare and not associated with either infection. CT was more prevalent, nearly 11%, compared to NG, 6.8%. The higher prevalence of CT could explain the lack of association with other STIs. The associations observed with NG could be the result of high-risk sexual networks or lack of protective immunity. Risk factors for CT and NG are distinct and may differ geographically, which should be considered when developing diagnostic tools or guiding presumptive treatment in specific populations.
Unprecedented long-distance transport of macroscopic charcoal from a large, intense forest fire in eastern Australia: Implications for fire history reconstruction
Authors: Woodward Craig , Haines Heather Ann
Published: March 2020

Macroscopic charcoal records from wetland sediment cores are used to reconstruct long-term records of fire frequency. A central premise for the use of this tool is that macroscopic charcoal (>125 μm) represents local fires involving local vegetation. Several records reveal that there may often be exceptions to these guidelines. Previous studies have shown that particles larger than 1 cm long can travel at least 20 km from the location of a fire. We present observations of unprecedented long-distance transport of large (⩽5 cm long) charcoal particles at least 50 km from a fire west of Sydney, Australia. Factors that contribute to long-distance transport of large charcoal particles are fire intensity, upper level wind speed and landscape topography. The fires west of Sydney were large and intense, upper level (~10 km) winds exceeded 90 km h-1, and the topography east of the fire was flat or undulating. Smoke plumes from intense fires like this can reach an altitude of at least 15 km. Charcoal morphology also contributed to long-distance transport in this case. Eucalyptus trees can produce large quantities of aerodynamically efficient particles; from paper thin, smooth, decorticating bark and large sclerophyllous leaves. The presence of large macroscopic charcoal particles in wetland sediments does not automatically indicate local fires and could result from distant, large, intense fires. Large, intense fires can occur in Australia, the grasslands of Kazakhstan, Namibia, the Sahel and Patagonia. High intensity fires also occur in the forested areas of the western United States and Boreal North America. Fires in these regions could result in long-distance transport of large macroscopic charcoal particles under the right circumstances. Local charcoal flux studies are therefore critical for the interpretation of macroscopic charcoal records. We cannot rely on information from areas with different fire regimes, fire intensities or vegetation types.
Using Escape Rooms for Conducting Team Research: Understanding Development, Considerations, and Challenges
Authors: Cohen Tara N. , Griggs Andrew C. , Keebler Joseph R. , Lazzara Elizabeth H. , Doherty Shawn M. , Kanji Falisha F. , Gewertz Bruce L.
Published: March 2020

Background. Modern organizations are increasingly reliant on teams, and many organizations are subsequently concerned with the development of interventions that can improve the performance of teams. Escape rooms are beginning to receive attention as a potential avenue to facilitate team-based research. Escape rooms are team-based recreational activities that require a team of individuals to work together and think critically in order to solve a series of puzzles or challenges to escape a room.

Purpose. This article provides considerations for researchers and organizations alike concerning the development of an escape room for team-based research, its methodological applications, and challenges associated with the use of escape rooms in research. Developmental considerations include issues such as an escape room’s location and size, financial considerations, theme development, other characteristics of the escape room, the development of puzzles and challenges, prototyping efforts, and the development of hints.

Conclusion. Research considerations include the use of observational and survey methods in data collection, measurement of team processes and team performance, and how elements of an escape room influence teamwork and problem solving. Various challenges associated with the use of escape rooms in team-based research include considerations for dealing with cheating behavior, providing hints to participants, and resetting the room between experimental trials.
Leaven without Loss: Church and World across Balthasar’s Corpus
Authors: Wood James R.
Published: March 2020

This essay argues that despite a tonal shift in his post-conciliar writings, Balthasar’s Church-world construal remains consistent. This relationship is characterized by a dialectical pairing of themes which receive relative emphasis at different stages. The constellation of similar images which Balthasar employs to depict the missionary nature of the Church—yeast, leaven, salt, light, sacrament—highlights this dual-dynamic. The Church is tasked with transforming culture from within. To perform this properly, she must be open to the world yet unique within it—in solidarity without dissolving her distinct message or institutional mediation. Earlier in his career, the solidarity/openness pole merited emphasis because of the Church’s anti-modernist tendencies. Later, he became wary of the encroachment of Enlightenment rationalism—which tended to relativize the Church’s unique identity and contribution—into the Catholic Church. According to Balthasar, the Church is called to leaven the world without such a loss.
Anti-abortion Policymaking and Women’s Representation
Authors: Reingold Beth , Kreitzer Rebecca J. , Osborn Tracy , Swers Michele L.
Published: March 2020

To what extent and under what conditions do women in elective office lead the way on conservative women’s interests? The few existing studies find that, contrary to most research on women’s descriptive and substantive representation, legislative activity on conservative women’s issues in the United States is driven primarily by Republican men. This article takes a new look at the heart of conservative policymaking by analyzing the sponsorship of anti-abortion bills in twenty-one state houses, from 1997 to 2012. We find that conservative Republican women stand at the forefront of anti-abortion policy leadership in state legislatures. However, their distinctive leadership is highly constrained; it is most likely to emerge in policy contexts that use women-centered issue frames and within competitive partisan environments. These complex interactions between gender, ideology, issue framing, and partisanship call for new theories and concepts of women’s representation as not only gendered, but also deeply embedded in the strategic interplay of polarized, partisan politics.
Effect of Severity of Deformity on Clinical Outcomes of Scarf Osteotomies
Authors: Law Gin Way , Tay Kae Sian , Lim Jeremy Wei Sern , Zhang Karen Ting , Seng Chusheng , Yeo Nicholas Eng Meng , Koo Kevin , Rikhraj Inderjeet Singh
Published: March 2020

Background:

Literature is sparse on whether severity of hallux valgus affects outcomes of surgery. We thus aimed to evaluate the impact of hallux valgus severity on the clinical outcomes of surgery.

Methods:

83 consecutive scarf osteotomies performed by a single surgeon for symptomatic hallux valgus between 2007 and 2011 were divided into 3 groups (mild, moderate, and severe) based on severity of their preoperative hallux valgus using the hallux valgus and intermetatarsal angles. Outcomes were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey physical functioning (SFPF) and mental health (SFMH) subscales, and American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scores. These were assessed preoperatively and at 6 months and 2 years postoperatively. Patient satisfaction was assessed at 6 months and 2 years postoperatively. Eleven (13.2%), 54 (65.1%), and 18 (21.7%) feet were in the mild, moderate, and severe groups, respectively.

Results:

There was no difference in preoperative VAS, SFPF, SFMH and AOFAS scores between the groups except for AOFAS scores for the second toe, which were poorer with increasing hallux valgus. Postoperatively, there was improvement across all outcome scores. VAS and AOFAS showed excellent scores, and patient satisfaction was high across all 3 groups (88.9%, 89.4%, and 86.7%). The severe group had slightly lower SFPF scores at 6 months (mild, 81.1; moderate, 84.0; severe, 74.3; P = .031) and 2 years postoperatively (mild, 93.4; moderate, 89.7; severe, 76.4; P = .005), and slightly poorer second toe scores for VAS (mild, 0.0; moderate, 0.1; severe, 1.2; P = .017) and AOFAS (mild, 94.7; moderate, 93.5; severe, 83.4; P = .043) at 2 years postoperatively. All other scores including patient satisfaction showed no between-group differences. Complication and revision rates between the groups were similar.

Conclusion:

Surgery for symptomatic hallux valgus lead to excellent outcomes and high patient satisfaction regardless of severity of deformity.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, comparative series.
Medicaid Access During Economic Distress: Lessons Learned From the Great Recession
Authors: Benitez Joseph , Perez Victoria , Seiber Eric
Published: March 2020

Medicaid enrollment increases during economic downturns which imply households using the public health insurance program during coverage gaps due to job loss. However, we provide new evidence demonstrating that the Medicaid program’s countercyclical protections against economic downturns are largely concentrated in states with more generous Medicaid eligibility criteria for adults. We exploit the timing of the 2007-2009 Great Recession to compare trends in recession-linked Medicaid enrollment between states with more generous Medicaid eligibility guidelines and states with more restrictive guidelines. For similar effects of the recession, Medicaid enrollment grew larger states in with more generous Medicaid programs. Our work suggests for every 100 people becoming unemployed in states with a restrictive Medicaid program, about 96 would be uninsured, and about 11 would enroll in Medicaid. Conversely, about 49 would be uninsured in a state with more generous Medicaid guidelines and 57 would enroll in Medicaid.
Why a Richer World Will Have More Civic Discontent: The Infinity Theory of Social Movements
Authors: Power Séamus A.
Published: March 2020

Two narratives of economic development are presented. The first highlights contemporary global wealth and income inequality. The second illustrates historical aggregate gains in global wealth and income. Within these two broad narratives of economic development, protests and social movements will arise to modulate feelings of unfairness and deprivation. A new theory of social movements is developed. Collective remembering and collective imagining can inform feelings of unfairness, frustration, and relative deprivation in the present. This theory highlights the importance of a temporal account of the development of social movements within democracies that allow for the expression of civic discontent without brutalization. The theory predicts aggregate global economic development, with unequal economic gains, will always necessitate social movements to modulate economic inequality and circumvent perceived and actual hardship. The implications of this theory for understanding globalization, social movements, and creating fairer democratic societies are discussed.
Comparison of accuracy of cup position using portable navigation versus alignment guide in total hip arthroplasty in supine position
Authors: Okamoto Masanori , Kawasaki Masashi , Okura Toshiaki , Ochiai Satoshi , Yokoi Hiroyuki
Published: March 2020

Background:

Accelerometer-based portable navigation systems in supine total hip arthroplasty (THA) have been developed, but there are no reports on the accuracy of cup placement. We aimed to investigate and compare the accuracy of the accelerometer-based portable navigation system versus the acetabular alignment guide placed on the pelvis in THA using the direct anterior approach (DAA). Both devices tracked changes in the pelvic position.

Methods:

In this single-centre, retrospective study, we reviewed 115 hips in 113 patients who underwent primary THA via the DAA using an accelerometer-based portable navigation system in the supine position (portable navigation group) and 106 hips in 101 patients who underwent THA using an acetabular alignment guide (alignment guide group) as controls. Hips were evaluated postoperatively using computed tomography to measure cup orientation. The accuracy of cup orientation was compared between the 2 groups.

Results:

Absolute values of inclination error were 3.1° ± 2.2° and 2.9° ± 2.3° ( p = 0.708) in the portable navigation and alignment guide groups and those of anteversion error were 2.8° ± 2.3° and 3.7° ± 2.7°, respectively ( p = 0.005). The number of cups placed within 10° of error was 98.3% and 96.2% in the portable navigation and alignment guide groups, respectively ( p = 0.304). The portable navigation group had significantly more hips (72.2%) placed within a 5° margin of error than did the alignment guide group (56.6%) ( p = 0.016).

Conclusion:

High accuracy in cup placement was achieved using accelerometer-based portable navigation in supine THA. Using a navigation system may contribute to improved long-term outcomes.
Validity of clinical methods in the detection of leg-length discrepancies
Authors: Gomez-Aguilar Estela , Reina-Bueno Maria , Lafuente-Sotillos Guillermo , Montes-Salas Ruben , Munuera-Martinez Pedro V , Castillo-Lopez Jose M
Published: March 2020

Introduction:

Lower limb-length discrepancy is highly prevalent in the general population. Numerous methods and measurement instruments for its diagnosis appear in the literature, but there has not been an agreement about their validity. The aim of this work is to determine the validity of the Weber-Barstow manoeuvre (WB) of the pelvic measuring device (PMD) and the block method (BM), in comparison with standing anteroposterior telemetry of the lower limbs in subjects with leg-length discrepancy (LLD).

Methods:

71 subjects took part in the study. First, the WB was carried out in the supine position. the LLD was then quantified standing with the PMD and with the BM. Lastly, standing anteroposterior telemetry of the lower limbs was obtained. This was measured with Autocad 2013, using the highest part of the head of the femur and the most distal edge of the bisection of the femur as points of reference.

Results:

The Kappa index was calculated to check the agreement between the WB manoeuvre and the telemetry. This was 0.52. The relation of the PMD, BM and telemetry difference variables was calculated. A direct relation between the BM and telemetry was shown, with p > 0.05 (0.48 cm and 0.51 cm, respectively).

Conclusions:

The WB manoeuvre got acceptable validity results. The PMD was not valid according to the results obtained in this work. The BM achieved a good validity result for the diagnosis of LLD.
Factors influencing the culture of special school physical education: A Gramscian critique
Authors: Maher Anthony J. , Fitzgerald Hayley , McVeigh Joanne
Published: March 2020

Physical education (PE) research has largely been preoccupied with mainstream (regular) schools. This article reports on part of a larger research project that centralises special school PE. In particular, Gramsci’s conceptualisations of hegemony, power and ideology are utilised to help shed light on the key factors that shape the culture of special school PE. A number of key themes were constructed from twelve interviews with special school senior leaders and PE teachers including, ‘economic climate: budgetary constraints’, ‘access to appropriate facilities and learning spaces’ and ‘pressures from Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills (Ofsted) and senior management team’. These findings demonstrate how particular historical and contemporary factors contribute to the positioning of PE in special schools. The status and value of PE in these settings is sometimes considered less favourably than other areas of the curriculum or indeed mainstream PE. In spite of this, staff tasked with delivering special school PE had the desire and creativity to offer engaging experiences. In concluding we note that issues concerning economic constraints, limited space to deliver PE and pressures associated with Ofsted can be found in many mainstream schools too. However, honing in on the particular circumstances within special schools broadens insight about PE in contemporary schools.
Computer-delivered personalized feedback intervention for hazardous drinkers with elevated anxiety sensitivity: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Paulus Daniel J , Gallagher Matthew W , Neighbors Clayton , Zvolensky Michael J
Published: March 2020

Integrated treatments for hazardous drinking and anxiety/depression are virtually nonexistent. Anxiety sensitivity is a common mechanism for both anxiety/depression and hazardous drinking. This article presents a study protocol for the development and testing of an integrated remotely delivered anxiety sensitivity/hazardous drinking personalized feedback intervention. Hazardous drinking college students with elevated anxiety sensitivity ( n = 130) will be randomly assigned to a single session of a novel integrated personalized feedback intervention for anxiety sensitivity/hazardous drinking or control condition. Follow-ups will occur at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. This study will serve as an initial test and proof of concept for an integrated anxiety sensitivity/hazardous drinking personalized feedback intervention.
The relationship between unfair treatment and tobacco use: A national longitudinal Chinese sample
Authors: Jiang Peiye , Zhai Jin , Ye Lin , Liu Yangyang
Published: March 2020

The aim of present study is to contribute to the literature by examining the developmental relationship between unfair treatment and tobacco use in a national longitudinal Chinese sample. Linear mixed model was used to analyze data from a national longitudinal survey, which measured unfair treatment and tobacco use in 33,600 adults in 4 waves from 2010–2016. The results showed that unfair treatment positively predicted tobacco use and the prediction was consistent over time.Our findings imply that reducing unfair treatment may be an effective way to prevent tobacco use, which is one of the leading causes of preventable morbidity and mortality all over the world.
Development of a bereavement intervention for spousal carers of persons with dementia: The Reclaiming Yourself tool
Authors: Peacock Shelley , Bayly Melanie , Gibson Kirstian , Holtslander Lorraine , Thompson Genevieve , O’Connell Megan
Published: March 2020

A dearth of supportive interventions exists for bereaved spouses who were carers of persons with dementia, despite an identified need for such supports. The purpose of the current work was to develop and evaluate a supportive writing intervention for this population that was informed by the experiences of spouses who were bereaved and was specific to the unique context of dementia. Following development of the Reclaiming Yourself tool, a mixed methods design was utilized to assess its effects on grief, depressive symptoms, and balance between restoration and loss. Fifteen participants residing in Saskatchewan and Manitoba were provided the writing intervention and visited three times approximately four weeks apart, completing quantitative measures (for grief, depressive symptoms, and finding balance) at each visit and an exit interview about the intervention. Paired-sample t-tests illustrated trivial effect sizes and no significant differences in grief, depressive symptoms, or balance orientation, with overall means suggesting low levels of depressive symptoms and grief, and a slight orientation towards restoration. Thematic analysis illustrated benefits from the tool, with participants reporting that it provided a structured approach to grief, was a catalyst for emotional expression, and facilitated reflection. The format and timing of the intervention was not ideal for all participants. Although Reclaiming Yourself did not affect quantitatively measured grief, depressive symptoms, and balance, carers accrued benefits from the tool that align with beneficial processes observed in other writing interventions. While more research on the effectiveness of this tool is needed, such interventions are valuable to support the well-being of carers who are bereaved following the death of a spouse with dementia.
Toying with the law: Deleuze, Lacan and the promise of perversion
Authors: Heron Kai
Published: March 2020

This article proposes that Deleuze’s psychoanalytically inspired theory of humour and irony provides an underappreciated way to theorize acts of resistance that adopt a structurally perverse position towards a law or authority. In his books Coldness and Cruelty and Difference and Repetition, Deleuze explains that the law is susceptible to two kinds of subversive procedure. The first, which he calls irony and which he aligns with sadism, reveals a gap between the law and its principles. The second, which he calls humour and which he aligns with masochism, exposes a gap between the law’s interdictions and their consequences. For Deleuze, humour and irony harbour the potential to overturn or overthrow the law. Drawing on Lacanian psychoanalytic theory and contemporary examples – alt-right ‘free speech’ demonstrations in the United States and protests surrounding Russia’ s 2012 parliamentary elections – the article argues that Deleuze overstates the transformative potential of perversion. Nevertheless, his account remains useful for showing the circuitous routes that some subjects take to enjoy their position within the law. Given the global rise in right-wing authoritarianism in recent years, this may prove to be an important insight.
Why do training regimes for early childhood professionals differ? Sweden and Switzerland compared
Authors: Geiss Michael , Westberg Johannes
Published: March 2020

In Europe, there are many different ways in which early childhood education and care professionals are trained. This article investigates how these different forms came into being. Comparing two small, prosperous European countries, Sweden and Switzerland, we analyse the developments in training regimes for early childhood professionals since the 19th century using a historical institutionalism approach. We focus on corporate actors and the institutionalization of educational structures and identify critical junctures and path dependencies. Although both countries developed a comparable diversity of training opportunities in the 19th century and early 20th century, developments since the 1950s have diverged widely. While Sweden is developing a uniform, fully academicized training structure, the Swiss case exhibits no such uniformity but is characterized by continuity and incremental change. The article traces the role played by central governments, private associations and educational reform in the development of the training of preschool personnel.
Safety evaluation of truss structures using nested discrete Bayesian networks
Authors: Fang Sheng-En , Tan Jia-li , Zhang Xiao-Hua
Published: March 2020

Truss structures have been widely adopted for civil structures such as long-span buildings and bridges. An actual truss system is usually statically indeterminate having numerous members and high redundancy. It is practically difficult to evaluate the truss safety through traditional reliability-based approaches in view of complex failure modes and uncertainties. Moreover, monitoring data are generally insufficient in reality due to limited sensors under cost consideration. Therefore, a nested discrete Bayesian network has been developed for safety evaluation of truss structures. A concept of member risk coefficient is first proposed based on the mechanical relationship between load effects and member resistance. According to the coefficients of all members, member risk sequences are found as the basis for establishing the topology of a member-level Bayesian network. Each network node represents a truss member and a nodal variable having three states: elasticity, plasticity, and failure. Two relevant member nodes are connected by a directed edge whose causality strength is expressed by a conditional probability table. Meanwhile, a system-level network topology is established to reflect the effects of member states on the truss system. The system is assigned with a node having two states: safety and failure. The directed edge of each member node directly points to the system node. Then, the two networks are combined to form a nested network topology. By this means, direct topology learning is avoided in order to find rational and concise topologies satisfying the mechanical characteristics of civil structures. After that, the conditional probability tables for the nested network are obtained through parameter learning on complete numerical observation data. The data acquirement procedure takes into account uncertainties by defining the randomness of cross-sectional areas and external loads. With the conditional probability tables, the nested network is ready for use. When new evidence from limited monitored members is input into the nested network, the state probabilities of the other members, as well as the system, are simultaneously updated using exact inference algorithms. The inference ability using insufficient information well accords with the demand of engineering practice. Finally, the proposed method has been successfully verified against both numerical and experimental truss structures. It was found that the network estimations could be further confirmed with more evidence.
MiR-384 Inhibits Malignant Biological Behavior Such as Proliferation and Invasion of Osteosarcoma by Regulating IGFBP3
Authors: Tan Yuelong , Chen Linlin , Li Siwei , Hao He , Zhang Delong
Published: March 2020

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in the clinic. It is more common in children and adolescents. It has high malignancy, early metastasis rate, rapid disease progression, and high mortality. Although past years have witnessed the great improvement in the treatments of osteosarcoma, there remains a long way to go. MicroRNAs affect the malignant biological behaviors such as tumor proliferation and metastasis by regulating their target genes. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanism of miR-384 in osteosarcoma. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay was performed to detect the expression of miR-384 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines and established its correlation with osteosarcoma tumor progression and metastasis. To probe whether miR-384 played a tumor suppression role in osteosarcoma, we carried out gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays. Cell Counting Kit-8, cell colony formation, and transwell assays were carried out to determine the cells proliferation and invasion, respectively. Western blot was used to detect the changes of epithelial–mesenchymal transition marker proteins and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3. MiR-384 was downregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines. MiR-384 was overexpressed in G292 cells transfected with miR-384 mimics and knocked down in Saos-2 cells with small hairpin RNA targeting miR-384. Ectopic expression of miR-384 inhibited osteosarcoma cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion. E-cadherin was brought to a decrease whereas N-cadherin and Snail to an increase under the silent expression of miR-384, while overexpression of miR-384 led to an opposite result. MiR-384 could regulate insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 expression in osteosarcoma. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting results validated that miR-384 knockdown downgrades both messenger RNA and protein levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 in G292 cells, while miR-384 upregulation exerted an opposite effect in Saos-2 cells. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 was upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and osteosarcoma cell lines compared with normal ones. Through the bioinformatics database found that the upstream transcriptional regulator of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 is MECP2. So miR-384 can directly inhibit MECP2 and then promote the expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3. These results suggested that miR-384 might be a potential therapeutic targets and biomarker in osteosarcoma.
Prevalence and Correlates to Lifetime Illicit Substance Use Among a National Sample of Hispanic Transgender Individuals
Authors: Yockey R. Andrew , Vidourek Rebecca A. , King Keith A.
Published: March 2020

The Hispanic population is the fastest growing minority population in the United States. A growing body of literature suggests Hispanic individuals are at increased risk for substance use disorders. While much of the literature has focused on Hispanic heterosexual individuals, a paucity of literature has focused on Hispanic transgender individuals. More research is warranted on the prevalence and correlates to substance use among Hispanic sexual minorities, in particular Hispanic transgender individuals. The present study sought to examine correlates to lifetime illicit substance use among a national sample of transgender individuals. A secondary analysis of the 2015 Transgender Survey was conducted among 1,473 Hispanic transgender individuals. Weighted analyses reveal that 29% of Hispanic transgender individuals reported lifetime illicit substance use. Significant predictors included age and prior lifetime substance use. Recommendations for health professionals and policy analysts are included.