bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new model for logistics and transportation of fashion goods in the presence of stochastic market demands considering restricted retailers capacity
Authors: Delgoshaei Aidin , Norozi Hengameh , Mirzazadeh Abolfazl , Farhadi Maryam , Hooshmand Pakdel Golnaz , Khoshniat Aram Aisa
Published: June 2019

In today’s world, using fashion goods is a vital of human. In this research, we focused on developing a scheduling method for distributing and selling fashion goods in a multi-market/multi-retailer supply chain while the product demands in markets are stochastic. For this purpose, a new multi-objective mathematical programming model is developed where maximizing the profit of selling fashion goods and minimizing delivering time and customer’s dissatisfaction are considered as objective functions. In continue due to the complexity of the problem, a number of metaheuristics are compared and a hybrid of Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGAII) and simulated annealing is selected for solving the case studies. Then, in order to find the best values for input parameters of the algorithm, a Taguchi method is applied. In continue, a number of case studies are selected from literature review and solved by the algorithm. The outcomes are analyzed and it is found that using multi-objective models can find more realistic solutions. Then, the model is applied for a case study with real data from industry and outcomes showed that the proposed algorithm can be successfully applied in practice.
Risk Factors for Chemotherapy-Associated Venous Thromboses in Gynaecological Oncology Patients
Authors: Nezi-Cahn Sandra , Sicking Isabel , Almstedt Kathrin , Battista Marco , Heimes Anne-Sophie , Krajnak Slavomir , Steetskamp Joscha , Hasenburg Annette , Schmidt Marcus
Published: June 2019

Introduction Venous thromboses and their consequences are among the main causes of death in patients with tumour diseases. The objective of this study is the analysis of risk factors and the evaluation of the applicability of two risk scores in a purely gynaecological oncology patient collective. The identification of patients at high risk for the occurrence of venous thromboses could enable the implementation of targeted medication-based thrombosis prophylaxis which has a significant benefit and, simultaneously, a low risk.

Materials and Methods A retrospective case-control study on 152 patients who were undergoing oncological treatment in the Department of Gynaecology of the Mainz University Medical Centre between 2006 and 2013 investigated the data from 104 patients with breast, 26 with ovarian and 22 with cervical cancer. A control was assigned to 76 subjects in the case group who suffered a venous thrombosis during chemotherapy and this control coincided in the points of tumour location, age, lymph node involvement, metastasis and time of initial diagnosis. The group differences were analysed using the χ2 test, t test, Mann-Whitney-U test and a logistic regression analysis.

Results There were clear group differences in the lack of inpatient thrombosis prophylaxis (p = 0.014), elevated leukocyte counts (p = 0.018) prior to the start of chemotherapy and port systems (p = 0.032). Surgical interventions were confirmed to be an independent risk factor (p ≤ 0.001). The Khorana and Protecht scores did not emerge from the analysis as independent predictors for a thrombosis. More patients died in the case group than in the control group (p = 0.028; OR: 8.1; CI: 1.254 – 52.162).

Conclusion In this patient collective, surgeries represent an independent risk factor for venous thromboses. In addition, a correlation was seen between inpatient thrombosis prophylaxis, leukocytosis as well as port systems and an increased risk of thrombosis. Neither the Khorana nor the Protecht score were independent risk factors for venous thromboses. Significantly more thrombosis patients died during the observation period.
Der interdisziplinäre Mikrochirurg – Ergebnisse des Konsensus-Workshops der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Mikrochirurgie der peripheren Nerven und Gefäße am Beispiel unterschiedlicher Board-Formate
Authors: Schmidt Volker J. , Hirsch Tobias , Osinga Rik , Kotsougiani Dimitra , Schaefer Dirk J. , Pierer Gerhard , Kolbenschlag Jonas , Hülsemann Wiebke , Kneser Ulrich , Lehnhardt Marcus
Published: June 2019

Die Plastische Chirurgie ist stärker als viele andere Fachgebiete durch ein hohes Maß an multidisziplinärer Vernetzung geprägt. Trotz des breiten fachlichen Spektrums der Plastischen Chirurgie ist das Fachgebiet nicht an jedem Universitätsklinikum oder Haus der Maximalversorgung als eigenständige Abteilung oder Klinik vertreten. Auch haben selbstständige Einrichtungen nicht selten mit einem niedrig angesetzten Stellenschlüssel zu kämpfen. Außer Frage steht, dass das Fachgebiet durch die stetige Entwicklung der rekonstruktiven Mikrochirurgie zu einer deutlich verbesserten und schnelleren Versorgung von Patienten mit komplexen Defektwunden beigetragen hat. Der Zustrom der Patienten erfolgt hierbei zum größten Teil über andere Fachabteilungen. Die Einbindung der zuführenden Abteilung in die Erstellung des rekonstruktiven Planes ist von entscheidender Bedeutung für den qualitativen Erfolg der Behandlung und die Funktionswiederherstellung. Der Schlüssel in der weiteren Entwicklung des Fachgebietes liegt dabei in hohem Maße bei der stärkeren Vernetzung mit unterschiedlichen Fachdisziplinen, um die Behandlung komplexer Fälle zu gewährleisten und stärker in den allgemeinen Fokus der Krankenhausmedizin zu rücken. Im Interesse der Versorgungsqualität ist hierbei die professionelle Implementierung von multidisziplinären Boards, bei denen die Plastisch-rekonstruktive Chirurgie eine wichtige Rolle einnehmen kann, von größter Relevanz.

Im Rahmen des Workshops „Der interdisziplinäre Mikrochirurg“ wurde auf der 39. Jahrestagung der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Mikrochirurgie der peripheren Nerven und Gefäße das Thema des Stellenwertes, der Initiierung und der Umsetzung von interdisziplinären Boards diskutiert und gemeinsame Empfehlungen konsentiert. Die gemeinsamen Ergebnisse und Erfahrungen werden im vorliegenden Artikel dargestellt und an drei konkreten Beispielen verdeutlicht.
Der G8-Fragebogen als geriatrisches Screening-Tool in der Uroonkologie
Authors: Rassam Yousif , Schindler Axel , Willschrei Peter , Horstmann Marcus
Published: June 2019

Der G8-Fragebogen ist ein von der SIOG und EAU empfohlenes geriatrisches Screening-Tool, das zum Zeit- und Ressourcenschonen einem kompletten geriatrischen Assessment („comprehensive geriatric assessment“, CGA) vorgeschaltet werden kann. Die Anwendung des Fragebogens hat sich in unserem klinischen Alltag bewährt, da die 8 Items schnell und problemlos in 4 – 5 Minuten im Stil einer Checkliste auch von nicht geriatrisch geschultem Personal bearbeitet werden können. Mittlerweile ist der G8-Fragebogen in der geriatrischen Onkologie ein etabliertes Screening-Tool. Mehrfach wurde in Studien bewiesen, dass er einen unabhängigen Vorhersagewert in Bezug auf das Gesamtüberleben von Patienten hat. Kritische Aspekte bei der Anwendung bleiben seine relativ geringe Testspezifität (60 %), sein Fokus auf Ernährungsaspekte und mögliche Interobserverdifferenzen. Diese Aspekte sollten vom Anwender gekannt und beachtet werden.
Abbildung urologischer Inhalte auf online Bewertungsportalen zur Krankenhauswahl in Deutschland – eine systematische Übersicht
Authors: Uhlig Annemarie , Uhlig Johannes , Gröben Christer , Huber Johannes , Schmid Marianne
Published: June 2019

Hintergrund Informationen über die Versorgungsqualität von Krankenhäusern zu erlangen ist für Patienten ein wichtiger Faktor der Krankenhauswahl, insbesondere vor elektiven operativen Eingriffen. Auch für die Krankenhäuser selbst ist eine transparente Darstellung der Leistungserbringung im Zuge der Konkurrenzfähigkeit bedeutend. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die systematische Darstellung und Bewertung von online Bewertungsportalen bzw. Krankenhausnavigatoren insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Abbildung urologischer Kliniken bzw. Krankheitsbilder.

Material und Methoden  Wir führten eine systematische Internetrecherche zur Identifikation entsprechender Internetportale durch. Die Qualität der Internetportale wurde mittels eines eigens entwickelten Schemas anhand der dargestellten Informationen beschrieben und analysiert.

Ergebnisse  Von 42 identifizierten Bewertungsportalen konnten 10 (24 %) eingeschlossen werden. Auf 9 von 10 (90 %) der eingeschlossenen Portale gab es die Möglichkeit nach urologischen Leistungsbereichen zu suchen; nur auf 3 (33 %) Navigatoren waren detailliertere Information zu Eingriffen und Ergebnisse abrufbar. Den empfohlenen Kriterien zur Transparenz und Verlässlichkeit von Gesundheitsinformationen entsprachen am deutlichsten die Weisse Liste, sowie die Krankenhausnavigatoren der AOK und der BARMER. Die Weisse Liste ist das bisher einzige HON-Code zertifizierte Bewertungsportal in Deutschland.

Schlussfolgerung  Patienten in Deutschland können auf ein reichliches, jedoch recht unterschiedliches Angebot an Bewertungsportalen und Kliniksuchmaschinen zurückgreifen. Eine Evaluation urologischer Inhalte auf Bewertungsportalen ist als Vergleich allgemeiner Faktoren aktuell durchführbar, jedoch unzureichend für Outcome-spezifische Qualitätsindikatoren möglich. Zukünftig sollten v. a. Übersichtlichkeit und eine Reduktion der Informationsfülle im Zentrum der Aufmerksamkeit der Betreiber stehen um möglichst nutzerorientierte Plattformen bereitzustellen.
Kindeswohl, Kindeswille – Menschenwürde
Authors: Schlenker Nila Komalasari
Published: June 2019

Bei medizinischen Eingriffen an Kindern steht das medizinische und pflegerische
Personal oft vor der Situation, dass der Eingriff nur gelingt, wenn das Kind
fixiert wird. Die Entscheidung darüber treffen meist die Eltern, die damit
Schaden vom Kind abwenden wollen. Fixierung ist aber gleichzeitig ein Eingriff
in das Selbstbestimmungsrecht des Patienten. Ein Zwiespalt zwischen Fürsorge und
Autonomie.
Aktuelle Entwicklungen in der regionalen Behandlung von peritonealen und pleuralen Tumoren (inkl. HIPEC und HITOC)
Authors: Piso Pompiliu , Hofmann Hans Stefan
Published: June 2019

Die multimodale Therapie von begrenzten peritonealen Metastasen kann bei ausgewählten Tumorentitäten die Prognose der Patienten günstig beeinflussen, sollte eine komplette Resektion erfolgen (Pseudomyxoma peritonei, malignes peritoneales Mesotheliom, kolorektales Karzinom, Magenkarzinom und Ovarialkarzinom). Oft wird additiv eine hypertherme intraperitoneale Chemotherapie (HIPEC) intraoperativ durchgeführt. Wenn die Behandlung in erfahrenen (und zertifizierten) Zentren durchgeführt wird, ist diese mit einer niedrigen Letalität verbunden. Die intrakavitäre hypertherme Perfusionschemotherapie (HITOC) in der Pleura kann zur Behandlung bösartiger Pleuratumoren eingesetzt werden. Wesentliche Indikationen sind das Pleuramesotheliom oder der sekundäre Pleurabefall durch ein Thymom (Stadium IV a). Die HITOC wird in Einzelfällen auch bei Patienten mit einer Pleurakarzinose durchgeführt. Beide Verfahren (HIPEC und HITOC) sind komplex und der genaue Stellenwert der lokoregionalen hyperthermen Chemotherapie muss durch weitere prospektiv randomisierte Studien geklärt werden.
Stereotaktische Strahlentherapie für Lebermetastasen
Authors: Krug David , Blanck Oliver , Boda-Heggemann Judit , Dunst Jürgen
Published: June 2019

In dieser Übersichtsarbeit wird der aktuelle Stand der stereotaktischen Strahlentherapie im Bereich des Körperstamms (SBRT) als Lokaltherapie für Patienten mit Lebermetastasen im Zustand der Oligometastasierung, Oligoprogression und Oligorekurrenz mit Fokus auf aktuelle Publikationen aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum dargelegt. Moderne SBRT-Techniken umfassen heute neben der präzisen Bildgebung auch Gating- und Tracking-Techniken, welche die Lokaltherapie von Lebermetastasen effektiver gemacht haben. Damit und mit zentralen Tumordosisoptimierungen lassen sich hohe lokale Kontrollraten von langfristig bis über 90% erreichen, die mit minimalen schweren Nebenwirkungsraten von unter 1% und 5-Jahres-Überlebensraten von mehr als 30% in selektionierten (inoperablen) Patientenkollektiven einhergehen. Durch hybride Ultraschall- oder MRT-Bestrahlungssysteme kann zukünftig die teils aktuell technisch erforderliche Fiducial-Marker-Implantation überwunden werden. Die SBRT stellt aufgrund der aktuellen Ergebnislage für Patienten mit Lebermetastasen eine wertvolle Ergänzung des therapeutischen Armamentariums als ebenbürtige Alternative zu minimalinvasiven ablativen Verfahren oder in Kombination mit anderen lokalen oder systemischen Behandlungen im interdisziplinären Kontext dar.
Acne inversa/Hidradenitis suppurativa – Von der Pathogenese zur Therapie
Authors: Schuch A. , Absmaier-Kijak M. , Volz T.
Published: June 2019

Acne inversa/Hidradenitis suppurativa (AI/HS) ist eine chronisch-entzündliche Hauterkrankung, die durch das rezidivierende Auftreten von entzündlichen Knoten, Abszessen, Fistelgängen und Narben v. a. in der Axillär-, Inguinal- und Perianalregion charakterisiert ist. In den letzten Jahren rückte die Erforschung der pathophysiologischen Grundlagen der AI/HS zunehmend in den wissenschaftlichen Fokus. Parallel dazu wurde die Wirksamkeit neuer anti-inflammatorischer Therapien in klinischen Studien untersucht, die zum Teil schon Eingang in die klinische Routine gefunden haben. Schwerpunkt dieses Review ist es, den aktuellen Stand der AI/HS zugrundliegenden pathophysiologischen Mechanismen darzustellen und die sich daraus ergebenden Konsequenzen sowohl für die konservative als auch für die operative Therapie abzuleiten.
Influence of Mouthguards on Physiological Responses in Rugby
Authors: Schulze Antina , Kwast Stefan , Busse Martin
Published: June 2019

Mouthguards (MGs) are highly recommended in rugby. Airway obstruction and a resulting decrease in power output are potential disadvantages of their usage. The aim of the study was to assess possible limitations of “vented” (MGV) and custom-made mouthguards (MGC) on rugby players’ performance. The MG effects were investigated in 13 male first-league rugby players ranging from 18–34 years old. First a lung function test was completed. Then a double incremental treadmill test was performed to measure maximum aerobic performance, ventilation, VO2, VCO2, heart rate, and lactate. Effects on sprint times (10 and 40 m) and countermovement jumps were also investigated. Peak flow values were significantly decreased with MGV by about 0.9 l/s. Neither ventilatory parameters nor oxygen uptake were affected by either of the mouthguards. Maximum lactate was significantly decreased in both MG types vs. no MG use. The maximum running velocity was similar in all tests. The aerobic energy turnover was moderately increased with the MGC and MGV. No effects were seen on sprint times or jump tests. Although neither type of mouthguard had a significant impact on maximum performance in treadmill running, the anaerobic energy turnover was decreased.
Die Handchirurgie im 2. Staatsexamen
Authors: Arsalan-Werner Annika , Sterz Jasmina , Stefanescu Maria-Christina , Janko Maren , Sommer Katharina , Frank Johannes , Marzi Ingo , Sauerbier Michael , Rüsseler Miriam
Published: June 2019

Hintergrund Im Nationalen Kompetenzbasierten Lernzielkatalog Chirurgie
(NKLC) wurden den 230 Lernzielen Kompetenzebenen zugeordnet, die von
„Kompetenzebene 1: Faktenwissen“ bis „Kompetenzebene 3: selbstständiges Handeln“
reichen. Allerdings basiert die Konzeption des 2. Saatsexamens nicht auf dem
NKLC, obwohl der Einfluss von summativen Prüfungen auf das Lernverhalten von
Studierenden als erwiesen gilt.

Die durchgeführte Studie analysiert den Anteil an handchirurgischen Lernzielen im
NKLC und vergleicht die Ergebnisse mit den gestellten handchirurgischen
Prüfungsfragen im schriftlichen 2. Staatsexamen.

Material und Methoden Retrospektiv wurden die Examensfragen von Herbst
2009 bis Herbst 2014 (n = 11) analysiert. Es wurden Lernziele mit Bezug zur
Handchirurgie durch 5 Fachärzte mit Zusatzweiterbildung Handchirurgie und/oder
dem „European Board of Hand Surgery“-Diplom identifiziert. Anschließend wurden
in den untersuchten Staatsexamina diejenigen Fragen identifiziert, die sich auf
handchirurgische Lernziele bezogen. Die Analyse umfasste die Gesamtzahl der
Fragen, die Anzahl der Fragen pro Examen sowie pro Lernziel und
Kompetenzebene.

Ergebnisse 47 Lernziele des NKLC (20,4 % aller Lernziele des NKLC) wurden
dem Fach Handchirurgie zugeordnet. 9 dieser 47 Lernziele (3,9 % aller Lernziele
des NKLC) wurden ausschließlich von der Handchirurgie abgedeckt.

220 Fragen (6,3 % aller 3480 gestellten Fragen) adressierten diese 47 Lernziele.
Dabei wurden pro Examen durchschnittlich 20 ± 8,2 Fragen (Min. 9; Max. 37) mit
Bezug zur Handchirurgie gestellt. Pro Examen wurden 0,5 ± 0,7 Fragen (Min. 0;
Max. 2) gestellt, die nur von der Handchirurgie abgedeckt werden.

Im Studienzeitraum wurden 16 Lernziele mit Bezug zur Handchirurgie gar nicht
geprüft (13,7 % aller Lernziele des NKLC), darunter 6 Lernziele, die nur durch
das Fach Handchirurgie adressiert werden. Unter den nicht-geprüften Lernzielen
finden sich 5 LZ der Kompetenzebene 1 (10,6 % aller handchirurgischen Lernziele
der Kompetenzebene 1), 6 Lernziele der Kompetenzebene 2 (12,8 % aller
handchirurgischen Lernziele der Kompetenzebene 2) und 5 Lernziele der
Kompetenzebene 3 (10,6 % aller handchirurgischen Lernziele der Kompetenzebene
3).

Schlussfolgerung Die Anzahl der Lernziele im NKLC, die nur von der
Handchirurgie abgedeckt wird, erscheint hoch. Allerdings werden viele dieser
Lernziele im 2. Staatsexamen nicht abgebildet. Eine bessere Anpassung der
Staatsprüfung an den Lernzielkatalog ist wünschenswert.
ELOM-080 as Add-On Treatment for Respiratory Tract Diseases – A Review of Clinical Studies Conducted in China
Authors: Fürst Robert , Luong Betty , Thomsen Jörn , Wittig Thomas
Published: June 2019

ELOM-080, also known as Myrtol, represents a distillate of a mixture of 4 rectified essential oils: eucalyptus oil, sweet orange oil, myrtle oil, and lemon oil. ELOM-080 is an approved herbal medicinal product for the secretolytic therapy and facilitation of expectoration in acute and chronic bronchitis and for the secretolytic therapy of sinusitis. Its clinical efficacy has been reported by several randomized control trials. Interestingly, in the recent past, a considerable number of clinical studies on the use of ELOM-080 as add-on treatment of different respiratory tract diseases has been conducted and published in China. As these publications were only available in Chinese, the international attention in the literature was limited. Based on the translation of these studies into English, this review aims to provide a brief overview of the studiesʼ major results, which contribute to the knowledge on the efficacy of ELOM-080 in the treatment of respiratory tract diseases: ELOM-080 was shown to be of great value as add-on treatment not only for the well-established indications bronchitis and sinusitis, but also for pharyngitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and, most importantly, otitis media. Besides this clinical evidence, this review also summarizes the great progress in deciphering the mode of action of ELOM-080 that has been made by Chinese publications.
Enhanced Thrombolysis by Ultrasound-Assisted Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis and Microbubbles in an In Vitro Model of Iliofemoral Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Engelberger Rolf P. , Schroeder Verena , Nagler Michael , Prince Raja , Périard Daniel , Hayoz Daniel , Kucher Nils
Published: June 2019

There is a need to improve the efficacy and safety of catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) for thrombo-occlusive diseases, and ultrasound-assisted CDT (USAT) is a promising approach. We tested if thrombolysis efficacy of USAT can be improved by adding gaseous microbubbles (MB). We developed an in vitro dynamic overflow model for iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis, and added MB to an USAT system with ultrasound energy and dose of tissue plasminogen activator according to clinical practice. A total of 64 clots (mean baseline weight of 8.23 ± 1.12 g, generated from citrated human whole blood from 7 healthy male volunteers) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 study protocols of 30 minutes' duration: negative control, CDT, USAT, and USAT + MB.

Thrombolysis efficacy was assessed by measuring the change in D-dimer levels in the overflow liquid and the percentage of clot weight reduction. Compared to negative control, change in D-dimer increased by 62% (p = 0.017), 128% (p = 0.002), and 177% (p < 0.001) in the CDT, USAT, and USAT + MB groups, respectively. D-dimer increase was greater in the USAT than in the CDT group (p = 0.014), and greater in the USAT + MB than in the USAT group (p = 0.033). Compared to negative control, percentage of clot weight reduction increased by 123% (p = 0.016), 154% (p = 0.002), and 233% (p < 0.001) in the CDT, USAT, and USAT + MB groups, respectively. Percentage of clot weight reduction was greatest in the USAT + MB group (p < 0.05 compared with all other groups). In conclusion, our in vitro study suggests that the thrombolytic efficacy of USAT in human whole blood clots can be improved by local administration of MB.
A fast key parameter extraction algorithm for long fiber distributed sensing based on Brillouin scattering
Authors: Zhao L. J. , Xu Z. N. , Li Y. Q. , Chen Y. H. , Qin H.
Published: June 2019

A fast key parameter extraction algorithm is proposed to improve the real-time performance of temperature and strain measurements when performing Brillouin scattering-based fiber-distributed sensing. The algorithm uses a new initial value method that takes the extracted key parameters of the current point in the fiber as the initial guesses for the next point. Based on the old and new initial value method, the existing objective method, optimization algorithm, and convergence criterion, the key parameter extraction algorithms developed are implemented in Matlab using the typical Lorentzian, Gaussian, and pseudo-Voigt profiles. These algorithms are used to extract the parameters over a large range of measured Brillouin spectra for the entire fiber with different averaging times. The results reveal that apart from the case when the frequency sweep spans is less than the linewidth and the pseudo-Voigt profile is used (in this case, the mean computation time of the proposed algorithm is 1.1% larger than that of the referenced algorithm), the proposed algorithm not only ensures high accuracy in extracting the key parameters, but also improves the arithmetic efficiency by 16.3%–49.1%.
Comment on “Symmetry in electron and ion dispersion in 1D Vlasov-Poisson plasma” [Phys. Plasmas 25, 112102 (2018)]
Authors: Schamel Hans
Published: June 2019

It is shown that the dispersion relation of “Thumb - Teardrop” type, investigated by Trivedi and Ganesh [P. Trivedi and R. Ganesh, Phys. Plasmas 25, 112102 (2018)], is, generally speaking, justified only as a nonlinear one. The reason is that under regular conditions, both linear derivations (van Kampen, Landau) face either internal inconsistencies or unphysical assumptions violating causality or generality, respectively, which can be surmounted only by an incorporation of particle trapping. The four associated discrete modes are hence nothing else but the four harmonic modes of the continuous wave spectrum consisting of the privileged class of cnoidal electron and ion hole equilibria. They have been termed a long time ago as Langmuir, slow electron acoustic, ion acoustic, and slow ion acoustic. As a consequence, Landau's theory of plasma instability is rendered inadequate since at the threshold, the nonlinearly updated wave solution has to be taken into account rather than Landau's linear one. Landau's linear wave theory hence loses its role as a universally valid tool to describe the onset scenarios of instability of coherent waves in favor of a multifaceted onset that, however, relies on the complex manifestations of hole equilibria.
Gravitoelectrostatic excitations in an opposite polarity complex plasma
Authors: El-Taibany W. F. , Behery E. E. , El-Labany S. K. , Abdelghany A. M.
Published: June 2019

The linear and nonlinear properties of gravitoelectrostatic mode, in a plasma system consisting of inertial opposite polarity charged dust grains as well as inertialess nonextensively q-distributed ions and electrons (including the effect of polarization force on the massively charged dust grains), have been investigated. A general dispersion relation has been derived yielding only one eigen wave mode. It is found that the polarization force and the nonextensively distributed ions effects play directly a destabilizing role in Jeans instability. Moreover, a new pair of gravitoelectrostatically coupled energy integral equation has been obtained by applying the Sagdeev pseudopotential technique. Also, a small-amplitude approximation is considered for the self-gravitational potential. It is reported that the fluctuations dynamics of the dust grains evolve self-gravitational rarefactive soliton pulses and electrostatic compressive soliton-like patterns. Applying the phase plane analysis, the phase portraits of the dynamical system have been presented and also the corresponding wave solutions. Our results could be applicable for different space and astrophysical plasma systems, particularly for dust molecular clouds of H-II region.
Design and development of a test rig for the performance evaluation of automotive exhaust thermoelectric generator
Authors: Subramaniam Harish , Duraisamy Sivaprahasam , Raghavan Gopalan , Govindan Sundararajan
Published: June 2019

In an automotive engine, around 40% of the heat produced by fuel combustion is wasted through exhaust gas. Conversion of part of this heat into electricity by a thermoelectric generator has the potential to improve the vehicle fuel efficiency. Developing an automotive exhaust thermoelectric generator (AETEG) for such conversion involves many challenges. The performance evaluation of the generator at the system level is one among them. The present work describes the design and development of a test rig for the evaluation of various characteristics of an AETEG. The test rig simulates the typical thermo-physical conditions of the engine of a light-duty vehicle using hot air. The temperature and the mass flow rate of the hot air entering the AETEG can be varied independently. The instruments provided in the system can measure the pressure drop, voltage-current and power-current characteristics of the AETEG under various inlet hot air conditions. An AETEG designed and assembled containing 40 modules each of 5 W capacity is tested for its performance in this test rig. Under the highest inlet temperature of 385°C and mass flow rate of 255 kg/h tested, the AETEG showed less than 1 kPa pressure drop with maximum open circuit voltage of 157 V and power of 27 W. The test rig could successfully map the temperature non-uniformity in the hot side heat exchanger and its effect on power output from each module. The overall efficiency of AETEG is only 0.4% mainly due to poor efficiency of the hot side heat exchanger.
Quasiperiodic Hamiltonian motions, scale invariance, harmonic oscillators
Authors: Gallavotti Giovanni
Published: June 2019

The work of Kolmogorov, Arnold, and Moser appeared just before the renormalization group approach to statistical mechanics was proposed by Wilson [Phys. Rev. B 4, 3174–3183 (1971)]: it can be classified as a multiscale approach which also appeared in works on the convergence of Fourier’s series [L. Carleson, Acta Math. 116, 135–157 (1966) and C. Fefferman, Ann. Math. 98, 551–571 (1973)] or construction of Euclidean quantum fields [E. Nelson, J. Math. Phys. 5, 1190 (1964)] or the scaling analysis of the short scale behavior of Navier-Stokes fluids [L. Caffarelli, R. Kohn, and L. Nirenberg, Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 35, 771–831 (1982)] to name a few, which resulted in numerous problems. In this review, the KAM theorem proof will be presented as a classical renormalization problem with the harmonic oscillator as a “trivial” fixed point.
Effect of plasma and beam parameters on focal dimensions in micrometer charged particle optics: Enhanced nonlinear demagnification below the Debye length
Authors: Maurya Sanjeev Kumar , Barman Sushanta , Pan Nandita , Bhattacharjee Sudeep
Published: June 2019

Detailed experiments and computer simulations employing two beam computational tools commonly used for benchmarking ion beam optics, AXCEL-INP and SIMION, are carried out to investigate the dependence of focal dimensions FD (length and image size) of ion beams extracted from a compact electromagnetic wave driven plasma source. The effect of plasma parameters, such as space potential VP, Bohm velocity vB, and the associated initial kinetic energy Ei, electron Te and ion temperatures Ti, ion mass M, ion current density Ji, and beam related parameters such as beam energy EB, plasma and beam limiter (BL) electrode aperture sizes, and potential applied to lenses (EL1 and EL2), on the FD are investigated. Variation of the focal length fl with vB, VP, and Ei indicates that fl increases with the increase in these parameters; however, it decreases with EB. fl is found to decrease with M and is independent of the BL aperture size; however, it is found to increase with extraction voltage V1 (EL1). Two different theoretical models to estimate the focal length of the combined lens system are developed, and the estimated values of fl are found to agree reasonably well with the experimental and simulation results. The sharpness of focus characterized by the beam angle at the focal point is determined for Ar, Kr, and Ne ion beams. A remarkable feature of nonlinear demagnification in plasma based beams is observed with significant enhancement when the plasma electrode aperture size is reduced to below the Debye length.
Droplet impact and flow into a gap between parallel plates
Authors: Bouchard D. J. , Chandra S.
Published: June 2019

Droplet impact on irregular, rough, or porous substrates can lead to inertia driven liquid penetration during droplet spread, air entrapment in voids, and triple-phase contact line pinning. This work focuses on inertia driven flow inside of a model long, narrow pore. We impacted 2 mm diameter water drops on long narrow gaps, photographing the impact and penetration with a high-speed camera, to understand how the flow develops and behaves inside these gaps. The experimental conditions varied were the velocity of impact (0.06–1.5 m/s) and the gap spacing between the plates (50–150 µm). The influence of inertia on the flow between the plates is negligible for impact velocities less than 0.5 m/s and can be predicted using a simple analytical model. Drops flow into larger gaps faster than smaller gaps at all impact velocities. Drops flow faster into gaps as impact velocity increases, but this has diminishing returns: at sufficiently high impact velocity the drop will cleave, which prevents a significant portion of the drop from flowing into the gap. Analytical models are presented to predict conditions under which the droplet will cleave and the rate of liquid penetration into the gap due to capillary forces.
Effect of argon environment on small water clusters in matrix isolation
Authors: Vasylieva A. , Doroshenko I. , Doroshenko O. , Pogorelov V.
Published: June 2019

The influence of cryogenic argon environment on small water clusters was investigated by quantum-chemical simulation of structure and vibrational spectra of water clusters consisting of different numbers of molecules. Comparison of calculation results for vacuum and argon environment shows a red shift of spectral bands in argon. Obtained IR frequencies and intensities for water clusters in argon are compared with experimentally registered FTIR spectra of water trapped in a low-temperature argon matrix.
Strain engineering 4H-SiC with ion beams
Authors: Zhang F. X. , Tong Y. , Xue Haizhou , Keum J. K. , Zhang Yanwen , Boulle A. , Debelle A. , Weber W. J.
Published: June 2019

Single crystals of 4H-SiC irradiated with 900 keV Si and 21 MeV Ni ions separately and sequentially were studied by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry in channeling geometry, single crystal X-ray diffraction, and Raman scattering. SiC irradiated with 900 keV Si ions to a fluence of 6.3 × 1014 ions/cm2 experiences 7.3% strain over the depth of 650 nm. Strain relaxation from ionization-induced annealing was directly observed due to subsequent irradiation with 21 MeV Ni ions to a fluence of 2 × 1014 ions/cm2. These competitive processes suggest the use of ion irradiation to create a specific strain state in 4H-SiC, particularly in films.
Super piezoelectric properties found in new phase of group-V binary compounds
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: June 2019

A new stable state in group-V binary compounds has been predicted to have super piezoelectric properties with piezoelectric coefficients one order of magnitude higher than other common materials.
Measurements of a fully resolved contour of the carbon dioxide absorption line in a band at λ = 1.605 μm in the atmospheric column using high-resolution heterodyne spectroradiometry
Authors: Zenevich S.G. , Klimchuk A.Yu. , Semenov V.M. , Spiridonov M.V. , Rodin A.V.
Published: June 2019

We consider the application of the heterodyne signal detection technique to measure the atmospheric transmission spectrum in the near-IR range, which makes it possible to measure for the first time the contour of a separate line of the vibrational – rotational CO2 band on the solar observation path with a high spectral resolution of λ/δλ = 108. Together with other characteristics of the instrument, this enables us to measure the carbon dioxide content in the atmospheric column with high accuracy. The experimental setup and measurement technique are described. The existing facilities for measuring the content of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are compared, demonstrating the possibility of using the near-IR heterodyne spectroradiometry to develop a useful and competitive instrument that can be used in building new networks of ground stations to monitor greenhouse gases.
Three-channel polaro-interferometer for laser-produced plasma diagnostics with femtosecond time resolution
Authors: Bolkhovitinov E.A. , Gospodinov G.A. , Ivanov K.A. , Rupasov A.A. , Savel’ev A.B.
Published: June 2019

We describe an upgraded version of a three-channel polaro-interferometer, which enables laser-produced plasma probing with femtosecond time resolution. Test experiments are performed with the use of a 50-fs probe pulse and an air spark produced by a driving nanosecond laser pulse. High-contrast interference plasma images are recorded, making it possible to reconstruct the electron density plasma profile with femtosecond time resolution in a wide range of probing pulse delays relative to the driving pulse.
Infrared laser-induced isotope-selective dissociation of mixed (CF3Br)mArnvan der Waals clusters
Authors: Petin A.N. , Makarov G.N.
Published: June 2019

The paper presents the results of studies of IR laser-induced bromine-isotope-selective dissociation of small mixed (CF3Br)mArnvan der Waals clusters (m= 1, 2 and 1 ≤n≤ 5 is the number of molecules and atoms in the clusters, respectively). The experiments used a pulsed CO2laser to excite clusters and a quadrupole mass spectrometer to detect a molecular cluster beam. The research method is based on the selective vibrational excitation of clusters by IR laser radiation, leading to their predissociation. The possibilities of implementing bromine-isotope-selective dissociation of clusters are considered. The experimental setup and research method are briefly described. The results of determining the cluster dissociation efficiency and selectivity as functions of the energy and frequency of laser radiation are presented. It is shown that resonant vibrational excitation of clusters makes it possible to induce their isotope-selective dissociation. Thus, using a CF3Br/Ar mixture with a pressure ratio of 1/200, the enrichment factors of the79Br isotope are found to beKenr(79Br) = 1.15 ± 0.04 and 0.95 ± 0.03 under cluster irradiation conditions on the 9R(30) (ν= 1084.635 cm−1) and 9R(24) (ν= 1081.087 cm−1) lines, respectively The achieved dissociation selectivities for the clusters are, respectively, 1.16 ± 0.05 and 0.95 ± 0.04. The results obtained suggest that this method can be used to separate isotopes in molecules containing isotopes of heavy elements, which have a slight isotopic shift in the IR absorption spectra.
Difference-frequency generation in a dual-wavelength semiconductor disk laser: Model with delayed feedback
Authors: Morozov Yu.A. , Balakin M.I. , Kochkurov L.A. , Konyukhov A.I. , Morozov M.Yu.
Published: June 2019

We have constructed a mathematical model of an intracavity difference-frequency generator based on a dual-wavelength semiconductor disk laser in the form of a time-delay dynamic system. Steady-state lasing (the equilibrium state of the dynamic system), its stability, and also transient dynamics after switching on the primary optical pump source are investigated. It is shown that the equilibrium state is stable in a wide range of parameters, which is of interest for possible applications of such a generator.
Grape seed extract and chromium nicotinate reduce impacts of heat stress in Simmental × Qinchuan steers
Authors: Chen Huiyuan , Zhen Jifu , Wu Zhaoliang , Li Xiaomin , Liu Shimin , Tang Zhiru , Sun Zhihong
Published: June 2019

To assess the impacts of grape seed extract (GSE) fed with or without chromium nicotinate (CN) on beef steers under heat stress conditions, 40 Simmental × Qinchuan steers (400 ± 10 days old; 410 ± 8.0 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four diets (n = 10 per group): basal diet (CON group); basal diet + 33 mg/day CN (CN group); basal diet + 65 mg/kg DM GSE (GSE group); and basal diet + 33 mg/day CN + 65 mg/kg DM GSE (CN + GSE group). This study was conducted in summer and the steers were housed in outdoor shaded pens (10 steers/pen) and fed individually. The experiment lasted for 35 days, the first 7 days for diet and housing condition adaptation. The amount of feed intake was recorded daily; individual bodyweight was recorded on Days 8, 22, and 36. On Day 36 before feeding, six steers per group were slaughtered for collection of blood and tissue samples. Average daily liveweight gain and dry matter intake of steers were increased by the GSE, CN, and CN + GSE treatments (P < 0.05). Dietary treatments increased the activities of glutathione peroxidase and total superoxide dismutase in plasma (P < 0.05) and plasma concentration of interleukin 10 on Days 22 and 36 (P < 0.05), whereas decreased plasma concentration of tumour necrosis factor-α on Day 22 (P < 0.05). Overall, supplementation of GSE alone or with CN had positive effects on the growth performance of steers under heat stress conditions.
Investigating the foliar uptake of zinc from conventional and nano-formulations: a methodological study
Authors: Read Thea L. , Doolette Casey L. , Cresswell Tom , Howell Nicholas R. , Aughterson Robert , Karatchevtseva Inna , Donner Erica , Kopittke Peter M. , Schjoerring Jan K. , Lombi Enzo
Published: June 2019

Environmental contextZinc, an essential micronutrient often applied to crops as a fertiliser, can be difficult to analyse in plants due to limitations of conventional techniques. Here, we use radiotracers and a non-destructive imaging technique to visualise how zinc applied as a nanofertiliser moves within wheat plants over time. This is an important step towards developing cost-effective fertilisers to help solve one of the world’s most widespread plant deficiencies. AbstractZinc (Zn) deficiency affects half of the world’s arable soil and one-third of the world’s human population. Application of Zn foliar fertilisers to cereal crops can be an effective way to increase grain Zn content; however, commonly used formulations can scorch the leaf (e.g. soluble Zn salts) or are prohibitively expensive (e.g. chelated Zn, ZnEDTA). Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) may offer an efficient and cost-effective alternative, but little is known regarding the mechanisms of Zn uptake and translocation within the plant. Foliar-applied Zn is analytically challenging to detect, locate and quantify, as it is omnipresent. Furthermore, any single analytical technique does not have the detection limit or spatial resolution required. In this study, the uptake and mobility of foliar-applied ZnEDTA, ZnO-NPs and ZnO microparticles (ZnO-MPs) to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were investigated using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) and radiotracing techniques using 65Zn-labelled formulations. The three techniques were compared to highlight limitations and advantages of each. We also report, for the first time, a novel time-resolved invivo autoradiography imaging technique that can be used to visualise 65Zn in live plants treated with foliar applications of 65ZnO-NPs and MPs. The images were supplemented by gamma spectroscopy analysis for quantification. The results of this study provide important insights into the analytical challenges faced when investigating foliar-applied Zn nanofertilisers in plants. Potential solutions using nuclear techniques are also discussed, which in turn may ultimately lead to the development of more efficient foliar fertilisers.
Code-blending with depicting signs
Authors: Quadros Ronice Müller de , Davidson Kathryn , Lillo-Martin Diane , Emmorey Karen
Published: June 2019

Bimodal bilinguals sometimes use code-blending, simultaneous production of (parts of) an utterance in both speech and sign. We ask what spoken language material is blended with entity and handling depicting signs (DS), representations of action that combine discrete components with iconic depictions of aspects of a referenced event in a gradient, analog manner. We test a semantic approach that DS may involve a demonstration, involving a predicate which obligatorily includes a modificational demonstrational component, and adopt a syntactic analysis which crucially distinguishes between entity and handling DS. Given the model of bilingualism we use, we expect both DS can be produced with speech that occurs in the verbal structure, along with vocal gestures, but speech that includes a subject is only expected to be blended with handling DS, not entity. The data we report from three Codas, native bimodal bilinguals, from the United States and one from Brazil conform with this prediction.
Comparison between a facemask and mouthpiece on breathing mechanics and gas exchange variables during high‐intensity exercise
Authors: Freemas Jessica A. , Wilhite Daniel P. , Greenshields Joel T. , Adamic Emily M. , Mickleborough Timothy D.
Published: June 2019

Gas‐collection masks are used as a comfortable alternative to the traditional mouthpiece and noseclip during exercise testing protocols in human performance laboratories. However, these masks may introduce potential problems which could affect metabolic and ventilatory parameters, including gas leaks and added dead space. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare breathing mechanics, gas exchange variables and ratings of perceived breathlessness (RPB) during high‐intensity exercise between a mouthpiece and face mask. Fourteen men [⩒O2peak = 55.3 ± 7.3 ml·kg−1·min−1] were recruited to perform 6 min of cycle ergometry (Velotron Pro, RacerMate, Inc., Seattle, WA) at a work rate corresponding to 90% of ⩒O2peak while breathing on either (1) a mouthpiece (Hans Rudolph, KC, KS) with nose clip, or (2) a face mask (7450, Hans Rudolph, KC, KS). The difference in ⩒E between the mouthpiece (156.8 ± 23.3 L/min) and face mask (153.3 ± 21.8 L/min) was not significant (p = 0.534). Similarly, there were no significant differences in breathing mechanics, gas exchange variables or RPB. These data suggest that the facemask can continue to be used interchangeably with the mouthpiece and may even be a more comfortable alternative during high‐intensity exercise.
Broadband absorption of graphene from magnetic dipole resonances in hybrid nanostructure
Authors: Jiang Xiaowei
Published: June 2019

As emerging new material, graphene has inspired great research interest. However, most of the studies focused on how to improve the absorption efficiency of graphene, but payed little attention on broadening absorption bandwidth while ensuring high absorption efficiency. In this work, we proposed a hybrid nanostructure, which not only can improve absorption efficiency but also can increase absorption bandwidth. The proposed hybrid nanostructure consists of a monolayer graphene sandwiched between three Ag gratings with different widths and a SiO2 spacer on a Ag substrate, these three gratings and substrate can excite three independent magnetic dipole resonances. In our calculations, we numerically demonstrate the proposed hybrid structure can achieve graphene absorption bandwidth of 0.311 μm in near-infrared region with absorption exceeding 30% . We also studied absorption peaks dependence on gratings widths and SiO2 spacer thickness, and explained the results using physical mechanism. Our research can provide a theoretical guidance for future device preparation.
3D relativistic MHD simulations of bow-shock Pulsar Wind Nebulae with highly asymmetric geometry
Authors: Barkov Maxim V. , Lyutikov Maxim , Khangulyan Dmitry
Published: June 2019

Bow-shock pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) show a variety of morphological shapes. We attribute this diversity to the geometrical factors: relative orientations of the pulsar rotation axis, proper velocity, and the line of sight. Here we report study of morphology in the most complicated geometry, when the pulsar rotation axis and its proper velocity makes an arbitrary angle (in the simulations we adopt a value of ∼ π/4). Using 3D RMHD simulations we obtain the MHD structure of PWN and compute synthetic synchrotron emissivity maps.
Stochastic Propagation of Solar Energetic Particles in Coronal and Interplanetary Magnetic Fields
Authors: Zhang Ming , Zhao Lulu , Rassoul Hamid K.
Published: June 2019

This paper describes a method of simulating solar energetic particle propagation through the magnetic fields of the solar corona and interplanetary medium. The simulation code is based on the focus transport equation of energetic particles in 3-d magnetic fields, which contains all the particle transport mechanisms, including streaming, convection, gradient/curvature drift, adiabatic focusing, pitch angle scattering by Alfvénic magnetic field fluctuations and perpendicular diffusion due to the random walk of field lines. In the simulation, particles are injected at their source in the corona, and their guiding center trajectories are calculated using stochastic differential equations. Because of the vastly different time scales of particle transport mechanisms included in the equation, we use the 4-th order Runge-Kutta method to integrate the particle streaming and adiabatic focusing terms, while the stochastic terms of pitch angle scattering and perpendicular diffusion are integrated with the Euler scheme. The model is applied to the 2017 September 10 solar energetic particle event. With perpendicular diffusion, we are able to explain SEP observations from Earth and STEREO-A. A pattern of SEP precipitation on the solar surface is also predicted.
Improved Radiative Transfer in the ANTARES Code
Authors: Krüger D. , Kostogryz N. , Fabbian D. , Kupka F.
Published: June 2019

One of the most difficult and time-consuming tasks in multi-dimensional stellar radiative-hydrodynamics simulations is the calculation of the radiation field. We present two major improvements we achieved for the ANTARES code in this context. The first one is the use of Bezier splines in combination with the short characteristic method, resulting in a radiative transfer solver which shows more realistic results (less artifacts) and an increased stability compared to the method used so far. The second improvement presented is a radiative transfer solver based on the Eddington approximation. It allows for fast calculation of the radiation field with only a minor loss of precision. Additionally, it shows good numerical properties. These methods for radiative transfer, as newly-implemented within ANTARES, allow improved numerical results in the case of the Bezier method and much faster calculations in the case of the Eddington approximation.