bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting conscience-based nursing practices: A qualitative study
Authors: Jasemi Madineh , Aazami Sanaz , Hemmati maslak pak Masumeh , Habibzadeh Hosein , Esmaeili Zabihi Roghayeh
Published: April 2018

Background:

Conscience is a guiding factor in nursing practice for delivering the ultimate care. In order to expand the concept of conscience-based care, factors affecting conscience in nursing practice need to be identified.

Objectives:

The current study assessed nurses’ experiences to explore factors affecting conscience in nursing practice.

Research design:

This qualitative content analysis study employed purposive sampling to reach 14 nurses working at educational hospitals in Tabriz and Urmia, Iran. Data were analyzed using inductive and conventional analysis.

Ethical considerations:

This research was approved by the Ethics Committee of Urmia University of Medical Science. Voluntary participation, anonymity, and confidentiality were considered.

Finding:

Two themes emerged from our analysis for enhancing conscience in nursing practices, including environment of professional performance and personal factors.

Discussion:

The two important factors for enhancing conscience in nursing practice are environment and personal factors.

Conclusion:

It is necessary to emphasize on religious beliefs, professional commitment, and communication skills in educational training structure. Also, establishing appropriate management systems will help nurses to provide moral care.
The Creation and Evolution of the Donor Funded Market for Antimalarials and the Growing Role of Southern Firms
Authors: Orsi Fabienne , Singh Sauman , Sagaon-Teyssier Luis
Published: April 2018

Since the early 2000s, the question of access to medicines at affordable prices for Southern populations has appeared as one of the major challenges for the international governance of health. But what is at stake is the creation of market for medicines in the global South, particularly countries in the Sub-Saharan Africa. These markets are new in nature in the sense that they are driven by international organisations where Southern firms, especially from India, occupy an increasingly important position. However, the specificity of these markets and the way they are constituted have been little analysed. In this article, we suggest focusing the attention on the constitution of the market of antimalarial drugs and highlighting the role played by Southern firms in this market. Our study focuses on the public sector market of antimalarial drugs. We provide an institutional and quantitative analysis of the creation of this public market. We then discuss the growing importance of the Southern firms, mainly Indian and Chinese, in this market.
‘New Drugs’ Approvals in India: An Institutional Perspective
Authors: Bhaduri Saradindu , Kipgen Thangminlen
Published: April 2018

The approval mechanism for new drugs in India has in recent years been a subject of scrutiny and controversy in both the public sphere and academics. Frequent rollbacks in the guidelines have attracted criticisms from the industry as well. All this happens at a time, when the country aspires to catch up and keep pace with the fast-changing global regulatory norms. This article draws upon the scholarships on regulatory science and institutional theories to understand the regulatory processes of new drugs approval in India. Both strands of scholarships highlight the multidisciplinary, context-specific character of regulatory knowledge. We find that Indian regulation-making process relies heavily on regulatory knowledge built up elsewhere, potentially limiting the scope of generating its own, context-specific, regulatory knowledge through learning and capacity building. Inadequate level of deliberations in the decision-making process, dearth of documentation and a lack of connections with the larger institutional settings appear to be two other features of it. All this might explain the reasons for frequent changes, and lack of continuity, in regulation for new drugs approval in the country in recent years.
Regulation Multiple: Pharmaceutical Trajectories and Modes of Control in the ASEAN
Authors: Quet Mathieu , Pordié Laurent , Bochaton Audrey , Chantavanich Supang , Kiatying-Angsulee Niyada , Lamy Marie , Vungsiriphisal Premjai
Published: April 2018

This article revisits the conceptualisation of pharmaceutical regulation. While States and multilateral organisations play a central part in devising rules, regulation as a social practice extends beyond their role. Domestic and international interests, geopolitics and spatial configurations, commercial and health considerations, governmental policies and individual behaviours and legal and illegal transactions all contribute to regulating the pharmaceutical milieu. This consideration expands the epistemological range of pharmaceutical regulation, which then appears as the assemblage of heterogeneous laws, rules and codes of conducts. The way in which these layers are connected forms what regulation actually is in practice. Regulation multiple thus appears as the product of tensions between harmonisation efforts and persistent diversity, as well as the result of interactions and overlaps between official regulation and unofficial regulatory practices. This article explores these tensions in the Southeast Asian pharmaceutical market along three themes: circuits and logistic regimes; control and attention to quality; bridges and harmonisations.
Index of Psychological Well-being at Work—Validation of Tool in the Indian Organizational Context
Authors: Sandilya Gargi , Shahnawaz Ghazi
Published: April 2018

Well-being has been a much valued emotion culling the interest of philosophers and researchers alike. Well-being at work is an even more significant construct in the current scenario where each individual invests more than half of their waking hours in work or work-related activities. While some researchers have worked on indigenous tools to measure generic well-being in the Indian cultural arena, there are no indigenous context-specific tools to measure well-being at work. Internationally, only three models for well-being at work were found. This article attempts to fill the gap in current literature by validating the Index of Psychological Well-being at Work (IPWBW) designed by Dagenais-Desmarais and Savoie (2011, What is psychological well-being, really? A grassroots approach from the organizational sciences. Journal of Happiness Studies, 13(4), 659–684) for the employees working in India. The sample in this study consists of employees from automobile and automotive parts manufacturers. Construct validity of IPWBW was established using confirmatory factor analysis, establishing convergent and divergent validity as well as getting Cronbach’s alpha for the scale. The final scale has 17 items across five dimensions. Psychological well-being at work was also established as a higher order construct.
Technical and clinical performance of a new assay to detect squamous cell carcinoma antigen levels for the differential diagnosis of cervical, lung, and head and neck cancer
Authors: Holdenrieder Stefan , Molina Rafael , Qiu Ling , Zhi Xiuyi , Rutz Sandra , Engel Christine , Kasper-Sauer Pia , Dayyani Farshid , Korse Catharina M
Published: April 2018

In squamous cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma antigen levels are often elevated. This multi-center study evaluated the technical performance of a new Elecsys®squamous cell carcinoma assay, which measures serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen 1 and 2 levels in an equimolar manner, and investigated the potential of squamous cell carcinoma antigen for differential diagnosis of cervical, lung, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Assay precision and method comparison experiments were performed across three European sites. Reference ranges for reportedly healthy individuals were determined using samples from banked European and Chinese populations. Differential diagnosis experiments determined whether cervical, lung, or head and neck cancer could be differentiated from apparently healthy, benign, or other malignant cohorts using squamous cell carcinoma antigen levels alone. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen cut-off levels were calculated based on squamous cell carcinoma antigen levels at 95% specificity. Repeatability coefficients of variation across nine analyte concentrations were ≤5.3%, and intermediate precision coefficients of variation were ≤10.3%. Method comparisons showed good correlations with Architect and Kryptor systems (slopes of 1.1 and 1.5, respectively). Reference ranges for 95th percentiles for apparently healthy individuals were 2.3 ng/mL (95% confidence interval: 1.9–3.8; European cohort, n = 153) and 2.7 ng/mL (95% confidence interval: 2.2–3.3; Chinese cohort, n = 146). Strongest differential diagnosis results were observed for cervical squamous cell carcinoma: receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that squamous cell carcinoma antigen levels (2.9 ng/mL cut-off) differentiate cervical squamous cell carcinoma (n = 127) from apparently healthy females (n = 286; area under the curve: 86.2%; 95% confidence interval: 81.8–90.6; sensitivity: 61.4%; specificity: 95.6%), benign diseases (n = 187; area under the curve: 86.3%; 95% confidence interval: 81.2–91.3; sensitivity: 61.4%; specificity: 95.0%), and other cervical cancers (n = 157; area under the curve: 78.9%; 95% confidence interval: 70.8–87.1; sensitivity: 61.4%; specificity: 86.7%). Squamous cell carcinoma may also aid in the differential diagnosis of lung cancer. The Elecsys squamous cell carcinoma assay exhibited good technical performance and is suitable for differential diagnosis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma in clinical practice.
Detection and phylogenetic characterization of porcine circovirus 2 from pigs in Mozambique
Authors: Laisse Cláudio J. , Souza Carine K. , Pereira Paula R. , De Lorenzo Cíntia , Bianchi Matheus V. , Mapaco Lourenço P. , Pavarini Saulo P. , Canal Cláudio W. , Driemeier David
Published: April 2018

Porcine circovirus–associated diseases (PCVADs), caused by porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2), have a significant economic impact on the swine industry worldwide. In Africa, there is little information, to date, regarding the occurrence of PCV-2, and it has not been reported in Mozambique’s swine population. We randomly collected mesenteric lymph nodes ( n = 111) from slaughtered pigs from 9 districts in southern Mozambique. PCV-2 DNA was detected in 54% (62 of 111) of the samples and 78% (23 of 31) of the farms. PCV-2 antigen was detected by immunohistochemistry in lymph nodes (6 of 62; 10%) that were positive for PCV-2 by PCR. Histopathologic changes observed in these lymph nodes were lymphoid depletion, multifocal nodal necrosis, and infiltrates of histiocytes and multinucleate giant cells. One positive sample from each district was selected in order to obtain sequences covering the ORF2 region. Five sequences clustered with PCV-2d, of which 3 sequences from Maputo, Namaacha, and Moamba were grouped with PCV-2d-2; 2 sequences from Manhiça and Matola were grouped as PCV-2d-1; and 4 sequences from Boane, Matutuíne, Chibuto, and Xai-Xai were closely related to PCV-2b-1A/B genotypes. Our study indicates that a diversity of PCV-2 viruses is circulating in the Mozambican swine population.
Physical Exercise: An Evaluation of a New Clinical Biomarker of Survival in Hospice Patients
Authors: Golčić Marin , Dobrila-Dintinjana Renata , Golčić Goran , Gović-Golčić Lidija , Čubranić Aleksandar
Published: April 2018

Purpose:

Survival analysis is an important issue in palliative care. However, there is a lack of quality clinical biomarkers for assessing survival, especially in bedridden patients. Recent research supports the benefit of physiotherapy in palliative care, as majority of hospice patients are able to perform physical therapy. We propose the hypothesis that the difference in activity during physical exercise can be used as a biomarker of survival in hospice care.

Methods:

We examined 536 consecutive patients who performed physical exercises in our hospice from March 2013 to July 2017. Univariate, multivariate, and Kaplan-Meier analysis were performed to explore the association between the level of physical exercise activity and survival.

Results:

Physical exercises were performed by almost 70% of our hospice patients. The patients who initially performed active exercises lived longer, on average, compared to patients who only managed passive exercises (15 days vs 6 days, hazard ratio 0.60, 0.49-0.74). Surprisingly, the difference in survival based on the level of physical activity remained consistent regardless of the patient performance score, emphasizing its usefulness as an independent survival biomarker in a hospice setting. This tool also gave us an option to recognize a significant proportion of bedridden patients performing active exercises (30%), previously unrecognized using standard performance scales, exhibiting longer survival compared to others with the same performance score.

Conclusion:

Patients’ level of activity during physical exercises has the potential to be a valuable new clinical biomarker in palliative care, whether used individually or combined with commonly used performance scales.
Identification strategy influence of elastoplastic behavior law parameters on Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman damage parameters: Application to DP980 steel
Authors: Djouabi Mustapha , Ati Abdelaziz , Manach Pierre-Yves
Published: April 2018

This work adopts elastic–plastic/damage coupling in order to describe tensile behavior with validation on the deep-drawing test of a DP980 Dual Phase steel sheet. The damage model used is the Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN model). The hardening laws used are those of Swift (non-saturating law), Voce (saturating law), Hockett-Sherby (saturating law) and the two combined laws Swift/Hockett-Sherby and Swift/Voce. An identifying method for elastic–plastic parameters and GTN damage model parameters is presented using the software modeFRONTIER. This method based on the inverse analysis is also proposed for the identification of weighting coefficient α of the Swift/Hockett-Sherby combined hardening law. Finally, a parametric study was carried out to show that the plastic modulus can be considered as another criterion for the choice of a hardening law. Dependence of the damage model parameters to the hardening law is clearly established. The different behavior laws are introduced via a VUHARD type subroutine in the calculation code Abaqus.
Beneficence, Street Begging, and Diverted Giving Schemes
Authors: Pérez-Muñoz Cristian
Published: April 2018

In recent years, some cities and localities in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and elsewhere have adopted or intend to adopt one potential solution to the difficulties inherent in addressing the needs of street beggars: diverted giving schemes (DGSs). A DGS is an institutional response designed to motivate people to donate money in charity boxes or donation meters rather than directly to street beggars. Their advocates believe that DGSs are both more efficient and more ethically permissible than direct giving to individual beggars. This article asks whether and how a DGS can be justified. It offers a normative evaluation of the main idea behind this policy, namely, that anonymous and spontaneous donations to charity boxes are in themselves an adequate policy instrument to address the problem of street begging. Ultimately, the paper argues against this idea and develops the case that DGSs can potentially compromise our ability to act on our moral duties toward truly needy beggars. Moreover, it explains why and under which circumstances this kind of program can potentially and seriously interfere with the freedom and opportunities of individuals in the begging population.
The Role of 3D Reconstruction True-Volume Analysis in Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: A Case Series
Authors: Walley Kempland C. , Gonzalez Tyler A. , Callahan Ryan , Fairfull Aubree , Roush Evan , Saloky Kaitlin L. , Juliano Paul J. , Lewis Gregory S. , Aynardi Michael C.
Published: April 2018

Background:

Evaluation and management of osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) often warrant advanced imaging studies, especially in revision or cases with cystic defects. It is possible that orthopedic surgeons may overestimate the size and misinterpret the morphology of OLT from conventional computed tomography (CT), thereby influencing treatment strategies. The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of a novel means to estimate the true-volume of OLTs using 3D reconstructed images and volume analysis.

Methods:

With Institutional Review Board approval, an institutional radiology database was queried for patients with cystic OLTs that failed previous microfracture, having compatible CT scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between 2011 and 2016. Fourteen patients met inclusion criteria. Of these, 5 cases were randomly selected for 3D CT reconstruction modeling. Ten orthopedic surgeons independently estimated the volume of these 5 OLTs via standard CT. Then 3D reconstructions were made and morphometric true-volume (MTV) analysis measurements of each OLT were generated. The percent change in volumes from CT were compared to MTVs determined from 3D reconstructive analysis.

Results:

On average, the volume calculated by conventional CT scanner grossly overestimated the actual size of the OLTs. The volume calculated on conventional CT scanner overestimated the size of OLTs compared to the 3D MTV reconstructed analysis by 285% to 864%.

Conclusions:

Our results showed that conventional measurements of OLTS with CT grossly overestimated the size of the lesion. The 3D MTV analysis of cystic osteochondral lesions may help clinicians with preoperative planning for graft selection and appropriate volume while avoiding unnecessary costs incurred with overestimation.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Remarks on the Sommerfeld effect characterization in the wavelet domain
Authors: Varanis M. , Balthazar J.M. , Silva A. , Mereles A.G. , Pederiva R.
Published: April 2018

In many applications in engineering, a mechanical system operates in the nonstationary regime, either partially of fully, creating the possibility to generate nonlinearities in them. Great efforts have been made to better understand and characterize these phenomena. One of several methods that are being used for the processing of signals of a nonstationary nature, as well as for the characterization of nonlinearities in mechanical systems, is the wavelet transform. A particular phenomenon that is seen in systems operating in the nonstationary regime is the Sommerfeld effect, which occurs due to the nonlinear interaction between a nonideal energy source and a mechanical system. This phenomenon can lead to high amplitudes of vibration for the system that in turn can cause damage in it. Therefore, this work presents an application of the continuous wavelet transform and the wavelet packet transform for the characterization of the Sommerfeld effect in mechanical systems where only the time response is at hand. Experimental procedures were performed where a nonideal energy source (an unbalanced DC motor) was used to excite (a) a portal frame and (b) a three-story shear-building. The results showed the effectiveness and the potential of the methods proposed.
Does blood flow restriction training increase the diameter of forearm vessels in chronic kidney disease patients? A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Barbosa Jefferson BN , Maia Tuíra O , Alves Priscila S , Bezerra Shirley D , Moura Elaine CSC , Medeiros Ana Irene C , Fuzari Helen KB , Rocha Lívia G , Marinho Patrícia EM
Published: April 2018

Introduction:

Blood flow restriction training can be used as an alternative to conventional exercise in chronic kidney disease patients with indication of arteriovenous fistula.

Objective:

Evaluating the efficacy of blood flow restriction training in the diameter and distensibility change of the cephalic vein and the diameter and flow of the radial artery, muscle strength and forearm circumference in chronic kidney disease patients with arteriovenous fistula pre-creation.

Methods:

A blind randomized clinical trial consisting of 26 chronic kidney disease patients allocated into a blood flow restriction training group (blood flow restriction; n = 12) and a group without blood flow restriction training (control group; n = 14). Blood flow restriction was performed at 50% of systolic blood pressure and using 40% of handgrip strength as load for the isometric exercises in both groups.

Results:

An increase in the diameter of the cephalic vein in the 2 cm (p = 0.008) and 10 cm segments (p = 0.001) was observed in the control group. The diameter of the radial artery increased in all segments in the blood flow restriction group (2, 10 and 20 cm; p = 0.005, p = 0.021 and p = 0.018, respectively) and in the 10 and 20 cm segments (p = 0.017 and p = 0.026) in the control group. Handgrip strength only increased in the control group (p = 0.003).

Conclusion:

Physical training associated with blood flow restriction increased cephalic vein diameters in both groups and was effective in increasing the diameter of the radial artery; however, it did not demonstrate superiority over the exercise group protocol without blood flow restriction.
Chromatic: WebAssembly-Based Cancer Genome Viewer
Authors: Finney Richard , Meerzaman Daoud
Published: April 2018

Chromatic is a novel web-browser tool that enables researchers to visually inspect genomic variations identified through next-generation sequencing of cancer data sets to determine whether such calls are, in fact, valid. It is the first cancer bioinformatics tool developed using WebAssembly technology, which comprises a portable, low-level byte code format that provides for the rapid execution of programs within supported web browsers. It has been designed expressly for ease of use by scientists without extensive expertise in bioinformatics.
Development of a finite element human vibration model for use in spacecraft coupled loads analysis
Authors: Currie-Gregg Nancy J , Carney Kelly
Published: April 2018

Finite element human vibration models were developed and implemented for use in human-tended spacecraft-coupled loads analysis, an analytical process used to predict low-frequency spacecraft loads which occur during dynamic phases of flight of such as launch, ascent, or ascent aborts. Human vibration may also affect stress predictions for spacecraft systems which the crew interacts with, such as crew seats and crew impact attenuation systems. These human vibration models are three-dimensional, distributed-mass representations of 1st-percentile female, 50th-percentile male, and 99th-percentile male American crew members and provide a relatively simple linear and low-load representation of the nonlinear dynamic response of a seated human. The most significant features of these finite element models are anthropometrically based geometric human mass distribution, soft tissue vibration attributes, and skeleton and joint stiffness.
Evaluating festival attributes adopting S-D logic: The mediating role of visitor experience and visitor satisfaction
Authors: Troisi Orlando , Santovito Savino , Carrubbo Luca , Sarno Debora
Published: April 2018

To symbolize the importance of contextual factors of provision in the contemporary service era, in festival research, the term festivalscape has been proposed. Despite the large number of works investigating the construct, extant research does not adequately assess the systemic and interactive nature of festivals, which can be viewed as a set of interconnected elements. To bridge this gap, this article evaluates four festival attributes (atmosphere, service quality, people interaction and collateral services) according to service-dominant logic and service-ecosystem view. Current work examines a light festival organized in Salerno during the Christmas holiday using a sequential regression analysis, revealing the mediating role of experience and satisfaction in influencing behavioural intention.
A market approach to social value co-creation: Findings and implications from “Mageires” the social restaurant
Authors: Sigala Marianna
Published: April 2018

Literature on social entrepreneurship provides a limited understanding of how to generate social value. The article expands on a “learning with the market” approach for developing a framework, explaining how social entrepreneurs can manage, get engaged with, form, and create (new) markets for co-creating social value and transformation. The applicability and implications of the framework are examined through a case study of a social restaurant (Mageires). Data collected from various restaurant stakeholders (customers, employees, suppliers, owners/founders, and other business partners) identified three market capabilities for generating social value and change: network structure (building networks with various stakeholders), market practices (e.g. institutionalization of “new currencies” for conducting economic transactions, adoption of ethical, flexible, and all inclusive recruiting practices), and market pictures (e.g. use of a common terminology and performance metrics and generation of stakeholders’ dialogues for creating intersubjective meanings).
A qualitative analysis of trainer/coach experiences of changing care home practice in the Well-being and Health in Dementia randomised control trial
Authors: Fossey Jane , Garrod Lucy , Guzman Azucena , Testad Ingelin
Published: April 2018

Objectives

This study explored the experiences of a range of health and social care professionals employed in the role of trainer/coaches to support care home staff to implement a psychosocial intervention for residents living with dementia. It aimed to identify the factors which are pertinent to these roles, in the context of a cascade model of training.

Method

A focus group was convened involving dementia trainer/coaches and supervisors who had worked on Well-being and Health for people with Dementia randomised control trial. Twelve participants explored their preparedness for and experiences of their role as ‘Well-being and Health for people with Dementia therapists’. They reflected on their perceptions of the resources and support required. The data were transcribed verbatim and subjected to inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Three main themes emerged from the data. Within the theme of ‘skills in relationship building’ were two subthemes of developing trust and getting to know individual staff and each care home. In the second main theme of ‘making use of tangible resources’ two subthemes relating to using the Well-being and Health for people with Dementia manuals and the supervision of the therapists arose. The third theme, ‘being an agent for change’ contained three subthemes: effective training methods, creating opportunities for Dementia Champions to reflect and therapists' perceived rewards of their role.

Conclusion

The findings provide new insights into the trainer/coach role applicable to the practices of services recruiting, training and providing ongoing professional support to practitioners in-reaching into care homes.
A cluster and inferential analysis of myocardial infarction symptom presentation by age
Authors: McKee Gabrielle , Mooney Mary , O’Donnell Sharon , O’Brien Frances , Biddle Martha J , Moser Debra K
Published: April 2018

Background:

Pre-hospital delay time in myocardial infarction is usually longer in older than in younger patients, with symptom presentation known to be a contributing factor.

Aim:

The aim of this article is to examine symptom presentation differences, by age, in patients with myocardial infarction.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study using secondary analysis of a multi-site randomised controlled trial on pre-hospital delay time. Data were analysed using logistic regression and factor analysis.

Results:

Post-myocardial infarction patients were recruited prior to discharge ( n=1211), 54% were ≥65 years and 80% male. The average number of symptoms was three, with the ≥65 years age group reporting significantly less symptoms. Logistic regression controlling for gender, diabetes and diagnosis with 11 symptoms (χ2=52.09, p<0.001) was significant. Those ≥65 years had less chest symptoms, sweating, stomach upset and left arm pain, in addition to longer pre-hospital delay time. This group also had less symptom clustering and fewer symptoms within atypical clusters. Non-chest clusters occurred in 22% and 18% of the older and younger group respectively. Of note, two clusters ‘atypical’ (upset stomach/sweating) and ‘typical arm’ (right and left arm pain symptoms), accounted for 14% and 5% of myocardial infarction presentations in the ≥65 years group, within which 25% and 24% had no chest symptoms.

Conclusions:

The results of this study indicate that myocardial infarction symptom presentation in older patients is likely to be less recognisable and more complex. Increased awareness of the presentation profile of older patients could expedite their triage, diagnosis and, consequently, their prognosis.
Perspectives on Adolescent Sexual Relations With Older Persons: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Tener Dafna
Published: April 2018

Relations between minors under the age of consent and older persons are legally prohibited in many countries. However, the nature of these relationships, their impact on the lives of minors involved, and how they should be dealt by law enforcement and welfare systems are highly controversial. The differences between the way these relations are perceived by the minors involved and the public are also unclear. This literature review examines them as perceived by youths or young adults who had experienced sexual relations with a person at least 2 years older during their adolescence as well as by students and other adult members of the public. A systematic search of 977 studies initially identified as relevant yielded 16 studies that fit the inclusion criteria. Most (13) research samples were located in the United States, and the remainder were in the United Kingdom (2) and Australia (1). All were published in English. Four main themes emerged from the analysis of these studies: adolescent motives for sexual relations with older persons (two studies); characteristics of sexual relations between adolescents and older persons (6); contextual factors affecting the way such relations are perceived, including the partners’ ages and genders (11); and perspectives on the legal framing of such relations (6). The studies’ findings are discussed and implications for future research, policy, and practice are suggested, highlighting the complexity and ambiguity of the phenomenon and calling on intervention programs to focus on strengthening the family unit and social network of these youth and for policies to address teen sexuality as defined both normatively and legally.
Screening Affect: Rape Culture and the Digital Interface in The Fall and Top of the Lake
Authors: Horeck Tanya
Published: April 2018

Although it often goes unremarked, digital screens are a key point of commonality across the many different transnational renditions of the story of violence against girls and women found in contemporary TV crime drama. The Fall (United Kingdom, 2013–) and Top of the Lake (United Kingdom/Australia/New Zealand/United States, 2013–) are two striking examples of TV crime dramas that frame their self-conscious interrogation of rape culture through digital media. Considering the mutual imbrication of feminist politics and the deployment of new media technologies on these shows, this essay considers how the digital interface functions as a way of mediating viewer response to violence against women. Resisting a reading of digital technologies as either inherently oppressive or inherently liberatory, the essay explores how these TV series navigate the tension between the simultaneous violence of new media and its investigative/feminist/affective potential.
Through-the-thickness reinforcement for composite structures: A review
Authors: Gnaba I , Legrand X , Wang P , Soulat D
Published: April 2018

Three-dimensional preforms have been developed in order to remedy and minimize the out-of-plane damage caused by 2D structures. Several researches have been done on more complex structures which have more interesting mechanical characteristics through-the-thickness. A wide spectrum of 3D textile technologies encompassing weaving, knitting, stitching, z-pinning, tufting, etc. is used to manufacture through-the-thickness reinforced materials. This kind of reinforcement aims to achieve a balance between the in-plane and out-of-plane properties. Recently, tufting shows more opportunities to develop through-the-thickness reinforcements especially with the advances in devices from manual to fully automatic. In literature, the mechanical behaviour of tufted composites has been one of the main subjects, however, few studies outline the mechanical behaviour of dry tufted fabrics. Dry stage is an essential step to understand the influence of through-the-thickness reinforcement and the formability of multilayer preforms. In this context, the present paper reviews the various technologies of through-the-thickness reinforcement as well as the microstructural defects related to both the impregnation and the kind of reinforcement. Also, this work highlights the mechanical performance of tufted 3D structures at dry and composite scales.
Integrative Literature Review on Informal Learning: Antecedents, Conceptualizations, and Future Directions
Authors: Jeong Shinhee , Han Soo Jeoung , Lee Jin , Sunalai Suravee , Yoon Seung Won
Published: April 2018

Despite intense interest in informal learning in the workplace, few attempts have been made to synthesize the current literature. This article provides an integrative and analytical review of prior empirical studies with two research questions: (1) How has informal learning been conceptualized and measured in prior research? and (2) What factors influencing informal learning in the workplace have been empirically identified? Based on the findings from the first research question, the authors propose a conceptual framework for understanding informal learning activities using three dimensions: learning competence, intentionality, and developmental relatedness. To answer the second question, Lewin’s field theory, which captures the importance of the person and the environment fit, was applied to identify antecedents of informal learning at the individual, group, and organizational levels. The authors then provide a critique of the state of the informal learning literature and outline targeted suggestions to guide practice and future empirical, theoretical work.
What You Eat Could Affect Your Sleep: Dietary Findings in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Bove Caitlin , Jain Vivek , Younes Naji , Hynes Marijane
Published: April 2018

Rationale. We hypothesized that certain dietary components such as increased fat intake are associated with severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods. A total of 104 patients, diagnosed with OSA completed a validated dietary survey. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was used to measure the severity of OSA. Subjects were divided using body mass index (BMI) into obese and overweight categories. Regression analysis was performed to predict severity of OSA from gender, BMI, age, % energy from fat, and the individual dietary components of the survey. Results. Overweight subjects who ate a diet high in fat (>35% of their total diet) had twice the severity of sleep apnea (AHI 18.2 ± 10.1 vs 36.6 ± 27.5; P = .001). There was a strong trend ( P = .056) in OSA severity between subjects eating processed meats “often” (AHI 42.5 ± 30.7) versus those eating “rarely/never” (AHI 28.9 ± 22.7). Eating greater than 2 servings of dairy daily was associated with worsening severity of OSA (AHI 26.2 ± 15.6 vs 39.7 ± 31; P = .04]. Conclusions. Dietary components such as fat intake and processed meats were associated with increased risk of OSA severity. In addition, 2 servings of dairy foods were associated with a decreased severity of OSA at presentation.
Using normalisation process theory to understand barriers and facilitators to implementing mindfulness-based stress reduction for people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Simpson Robert , Simpson Sharon , Wood Karen , Mercer Stewart W , Mair Frances S
Published: April 2018

Objectives

To study barriers and facilitators to implementation of mindfulness-based stress reduction for people with multiple sclerosis.

Methods

Qualitative interviews were used to explore barriers and facilitators to implementation of mindfulness-based stress reduction, including 33 people with multiple sclerosis, 6 multiple sclerosis clinicians and 2 course instructors. Normalisation process theory provided the underpinning conceptual framework. Data were analysed deductively using normalisation process theory constructs (coherence, cognitive participation, collective action and reflexive monitoring).

Results

Key barriers included mismatched stakeholder expectations, lack of knowledge about mindfulness-based stress reduction, high levels of comorbidity and disability and skepticism about embedding mindfulness-based stress reduction in routine multiple sclerosis care. Facilitators to implementation included introducing a pre-course orientation session; adaptations to mindfulness-based stress reduction to accommodate comorbidity and disability and participants suggested smaller, shorter classes, shortened practices, exclusion of mindful-walking and more time with peers. Post-mindfulness-based stress reduction booster sessions may be required, and objective and subjective reports of benefit would increase clinician confidence in mindfulness-based stress reduction.

Discussion

Multiple sclerosis patients and clinicians know little about mindfulness-based stress reduction. Mismatched expectations are a barrier to participation, as is rigid application of mindfulness-based stress reduction in the context of disability. Course adaptations in response to patient needs would facilitate uptake and utilisation. Rendering access to mindfulness-based stress reduction rapid and flexible could facilitate implementation. Embedded outcome assessment is desirable.
Post-socialist producer
Authors: Szczepanik Petr
Published: April 2018

This article focuses on a profession of key importance for understanding today’s screen industries in Central-Eastern Europe: the independent producer. Using the approach of critical production studies, the article focuses on producers’ ‘reflexivity’ to reveal how their professional identity is being constructed and how they are positioning themselves within the broader ecology of the media industry. By analysing a set of semi-structured interviews with Czech producers of all kinds, this article identifies five recurrent tropes related to their ‘self-conceptions’. The tropes demonstrate how the producers perform their identities differently from their UK or US counterparts: as largely disempowered, dependent on public support and on the powerful public service broadcaster, desperately looking for more stability, autonomy and recognition.
Television documentary production in France
Authors: Vinuela Ana
Published: April 2018

This article discusses the regulatory framework within which the television documentary production industry operates in France, and how public policies have created and then adapted a support system in response to the active agency of professionals. I give particular attention to the reform of the support system implemented between 2014 and 2017, which has privileged certain categories of non-fiction programmes and affected the patterns of production. I will look at the definition of quality criteria in documentary funding, focusing on the pivotal, though controversial, notion of ‘creative documentary’, and on the diverse approaches that inform French audiovisual policy. By focusing on policy interventions, the article will address the economic and political history of television documentary in France between 1986 and 2017.
Approximately Informed, Occasionally Monitorial? Reconsidering Normative Citizen Ideals
Authors: Ytre-Arne Brita , Moe Hallvard
Published: April 2018

This article identifies gaps between normative ideals and realistic accounts of news use in democracy today. Starting from the widespread but unrealistic ideal of the informed citizen, and its more realistic development through notions of the monitorial citizen, we analyze comprehensive qualitative data on news users’ experiences. We describe these news users as approximately informed, occasionally monitorial. This description emphasizes the limited, shifting, and partial figurations of societal information that citizens are able to obtain through their use of journalistic and social media, and thereby challenges normative ideals. How do monitorial ideals function when the citizens are only occasionally on guard? By zooming in on three key gaps between even a less demanding ideal and actual practices in news use, we underline the need to further reconceptualize our expectations of citizens’ news use.
The Uncharted Nature of Licensure Requirements for Charter School Principals: Implications and Possibilities for Policy Action
Authors: Hedges Samantha , Ruddy Anne-Maree , Boyland Lori , Swensson Jeff , Kennedy Jenna
Published: April 2018

The authors drew upon state policy documents and other public sources to review licensure requirements for charter school principals. The results indicate that few states have adopted licensure requirements for charter school principals compared with traditional public school principals, and many exempt charter school principals from licensure altogether. They found that training and support for charter school principals is available, but is concentrated in the states with the highest number of charter schools. These findings have significant implications for policy makers, charter school advocates, and authorizers. These implications are discussed and related to the existing literature regarding principal preparation and licensure.
Four Agricultural Financing Scenarios for Sub-Saharan Africa toward 2055: Conditions for Governmental Policy Interventions
Authors: Oberholster Cobus , Adendorff Chris
Published: April 2018

This article reports on a research effort that looked at the future of agricultural financing in Sub-Saharan Africa, and provides governments in the region with key insights into agricultural development and the rural agricultural financing challenges. In the process of knowledge creation, a mixed-method approach was followed, with the futures triangle, emerging issues analysis, and causal layered analysis (CLA) being used to deepen the level of understanding regarding the future of agricultural financing. In addition, a real-time Delphi study was conducted to validate and prioritize the emerging trends and driving forces, and to incorporate expert knowledge into the possible financing futures. Four scenarios are presented that aim to stimulate new thoughts on policies that can facilitate increased financial inclusion in agricultural development in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Elevated Glucose Levels Preserve Glucose Uptake, Hyaluronan Production, and Low Glutamate Release Following Interleukin-1β Stimulation of Differentiated Chondrocytes
Authors: Rotter Sopasakis Victoria , Wickelgren Ruth , Sukonina Valentina , Brantsing Camilla , Svala Emilia , Hansson Elisabeth , Enerbäck Sven , Lindahl Anders , Skiöldebrand Eva
Published: April 2018

Objective

Chondrocytes are responsible for remodeling and maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the cartilage extracellular matrix. Because of the absence of a vascular supply, chondrocytes survive in a relatively hypoxic environment and thus have limited regenerative capacity during conditions of cellular stress associated with inflammation and matrix degradation, such as osteoarthritis (OA). Glucose is essential to sustain chondrocyte metabolism and is a precursor for key matrix components. In this study, we investigated the importance of glucose as a fuel source for matrix repair during inflammation as well as the effect of glucose on inflammatory mediators associated with osteoarthritis.

Design

To create an OA model, we used equine chondrocytes from 4 individual horses that were differentiated into cartilage pellets in vitro followed by interleukin-1β (IL-1β) stimulation for 72 hours. The cells were kept at either normoglycemic conditions (5 mM glucose) or supraphysiological glucose concentrations (25 mM glucose) during the stimulation with IL-1β.

Results

We found that elevated glucose levels preserve glucose uptake, hyaluronan synthesis, and matrix integrity, as well as induce anti-inflammatory actions by maintaining low expression of Toll-like receptor-4 and low secretion of glutamate.

Conclusions

Adequate supply of glucose to chondrocytes during conditions of inflammation and matrix degradation interrupts the detrimental inflammatory cycle and induces synthesis of hyaluronan, thereby promoting cartilage repair.
Distinguishing Dismissing From Fearful Attachment in the Association Between Closeness and Commitment
Authors: Park Yoobin , Debrot Anik , Spielmann Stephanie S. , Joel Samantha , Impett Emily , MacDonald Geoff
Published: April 2018

When avoidantly attached individuals are simultaneously high in attachment anxiety, they are inclined to experience strong internal conflicts between seeking and avoiding closeness. This research examined whether the extent to which closeness, assessed as the inclusion of other in the self (IOS), is associated with greater commitment varies within individuals high in attachment avoidance as a result of differences in ambivalence toward maintaining the relationship. In two studies ( N1 = 1,604, N2 = 2,271), we found that the positive association between IOS and commitment was significantly weaker when attachment avoidance was combined with high (vs. low) attachment anxiety. In Study 2, we found lingering relational ambivalence even at high levels of IOS among individuals simultaneously high in attachment avoidance and anxiety, which in turn was related to relatively low commitment. Our findings highlight the role of relational ambivalence in avoidants’ relationship functioning and the need to examine the interplay of the two attachment dimensions.
Disability and consumption: A state of the art
Authors: Dubost Nathalie
Published: April 2018

This article considers the cultural and social aspects of disability through a critical review of marketing research. Two main issues are explored. First, how do these works portray consumers with disabilities? Two profiles become apparent: the passive consumers who are targeted by the construction of offers that are adapted to their needs and the more active consumers who wish to play an active role within the marketplace. Second, does this academic research process have a participatory approach that includes the involvement of consumers with disabilities? After defining participatory research, we show that a minority of works applied this approach and discuss the methodological problems involved in its use. Possible future research avenues are then raised to improve this approach and thus attain a better understanding of the consumer with disabilities.