bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systems approach towards remote health-monitoring in older adults: Introducing a zero-interaction digital exhaust
Authors: Schütz Narayan , Knobel Samuel E. J. , Botros Angela , Single Michael , Pais Bruno , Santschi Valérie , Gatica-Perez Daniel , Buluschek Philipp , Urwyler Prabitha , Gerber Stephan M. , Müri René M. , Mosimann Urs P. , Saner Hugo , Nef Tobias
Published: August 2022

Using connected sensing devices to remotely monitor health is a promising way to help transition healthcare from a rather reactive to a more precision medicine oriented proactive approach, which could be particularly relevant in the face of rapid population ageing and the challenges it poses to healthcare systems. Sensor derived digital measures of health, such as digital biomarkers or digital clinical outcome assessments, may be used to monitor health status or the risk of adverse events like falls. Current research around such digital measures has largely focused on exploring the use of few individual measures obtained through mobile devices. However, especially for long-term applications in older adults, this choice of technology may not be ideal and could further add to the digital divide. Moreover, large-scale systems biology approaches, like genomics, have already proven beneficial in precision medicine, making it plausible that the same could also hold for remote-health monitoring. In this context, we introduce and describe a zero-interaction digital exhaust: a set of 1268 digital measures that cover large parts of a person’s activity, behavior and physiology. Making this approach more inclusive of older adults, we base this set entirely on contactless, zero-interaction sensing technologies. Applying the resulting digital exhaust to real-world data, we then demonstrate the possibility to create multiple ageing relevant digital clinical outcome assessments. Paired with modern machine learning, we find these assessments to be surprisingly powerful and often on-par with mobile approaches. Lastly, we highlight the possibility to discover novel digital biomarkers based on this large-scale approach.
Structural features of Dnase1L3 responsible for serum antigen clearance
Authors: McCord Jon J. , Engavale Minal , Masoumzadeh Elahe , Villarreal Johanna , Mapp Britney , Latham Michael P. , Keyel Peter A. , Sutton R. Bryan
Published: August 2022

Autoimmunity develops when extracellular DNA released from dying cells is not cleared from serum. While serum DNA is primarily digested by Dnase1 and Dnase1L3, Dnase1 cannot rescue autoimmunity arising from Dnase1L3 deficiencies. Dnase1L3 uniquely degrades antigenic forms of cell-free DNA, including DNA complexed with lipids and proteins. The distinct activity of Dnase1L3 relies on its unique C-terminal Domain (CTD), but the mechanism is unknown. We used multiple biophysical techniques and functional assays to study the interplay between the core catalytic domain and the CTD. While the core domain resembles Dnase1, there are key structural differences between the two enzymes. First, Dnase1L3 is not inhibited by actin due to multiple differences in the actin recognition site. Second, the CTD augments the ability of the core to bind DNA, thereby facilitating the degradation of complexed DNA. Together, these structural insights will inform the development of Dnase1L3-based therapies for autoimmunity.
Hydrogen generation via ammonia decomposition on highly efficient and stable Ru-free catalysts: approaching complete conversion at 450 °C
Authors: Tabassum Hassina , Mukherjee Shreya , Chen Junjie , Holiharimanana Domoina , Karakalos Stavros , Yang Xiaoxuan , Hwang Sooyeon , Zhang Tianyu , Lu Bo , Chen Min , Tang Zhong , Kyriakidou Eleni A. , Ge Qingfeng , Wu Gang
Published: August 2022

Ammonia, as a promising hydrogen carrier, can be decomposed on a Ru-free catalyst at economically feasible temperatures for on-site carbon-free hydrogen generation.
Engineering the activity of amine dehydrogenase in the asymmetric reductive amination of hydroxyl ketones
Authors: Ming Hui , Yuan Bo , Qu Ge , Sun Zhoutong
Published: August 2022

An engineered AmDH derived from a leucine dehydrogenase was used as the starting enzyme to improve its activity in the synthesis of (R)-3-amino-1-butanol. Preparative-scale synthesis of the (R)-product (90% yield, >99%) was performed on a gram-scale.
Ruthenium pincer complex catalyzed efficient synthesis of quinoline, 2-styrylquinoline and quinazoline derivatives via acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling reactions
Authors: Bhattacharyya Dipanjan , Adhikari Priyanka , Deori Kritartha , Das Animesh
Published: August 2022

The synthesis of N-heterocycles has been considered an emerging area of chemical research due to their extensive utilization in pharmaceuticals, materials science, and natural product synthesis.
Spinel nitride solid solutions: charting properties in the configurational space with explainable machine learning
Authors: Sánchez-Palencia Pablo , Hamad Said , Palacios Pablo , Grau-Crespo Ricardo , Butler Keith T.
Published: August 2022

The thermodynamic and electronic properties of solid solutions are highly tuneable, based on ion arrangement. We use interpretable machine learning to explore the structure-property landscape of a spinel nitride and understand how crystal chemistry affects physical properties.
Nanozyme hydrogel for enhanced alkyl radical generation and potent antitumor therapy
Authors: Ning Shipeng , Liu Zeming , Chen Mingzhu , Zhu Daoming , Huang Qinqin
Published: August 2022

The alkyl radical trigger AIPH and nanozyme pyrite were encapsulated in agarose hydrogel to prepare the AIPH–FeS2–hydrogel system. Pyrite can be used as a photothermal agent and an oxidative stress amplifier, boosting the therapeutic effect of alkyl radicals.
Oxygen scavenging of HfZrO2-based capacitors for improving ferroelectric properties
Authors: Kim Bong Ho , Kuk Song-hyeon , Kim Seong Kwang , Kim Joon Pyo , Geum Dae-Myeong , Baek Seung-Hyub , Kim Sang Hyeon
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate the successful remote oxygen scavenging of HZO-based capacitors, highlighting the significant enhancement of remanent polarization, switching voltage, endurance, and retention.
Electron donor–acceptor complex-catalyzed photoredox reactions mediated by DIPEA and inorganic carbonates
Authors: Zhou Qingli , Sun Chenggang Guo , Liu Xing , Li Xiaofan , Shao Ziyan , Tan Kai , Shen Yuehai
Published: August 2022

A DIPEA–NHPI ester–inorganic carbonate catalytic EDA complex is reported as an efficient and sustainable radical generation platform for developing photocatalytic reactions.
endo-5-Norbornene-2,3-dimethanol-promoted asymmetric Heck/Suzuki cascade reaction of N-(2-bromophenyl)acrylamides
Authors: Chen Ming , Xu Xing-Xing , Wang Xucai , Ren Zhi-Hui , Guan Zheng-Hui
Published: August 2022

An endo-5-norbornene-2,3-dimethanol-promoted highly enantioselective palladium-catalyzed Heck/Suzuki cascade reaction of N-(2-bromophenyl)acrylamides has been developed.
Synthesis of 3,3′-bisindoles via demethylenation
Authors: Chen Hui , Cui Ranran , Zhang Yahui , Gao Yu , Chen Haijun
Published: August 2022

This work provides a mild demethylenation for the synthesis of 3,3′-bisindoles.
Co-immobilized bienzyme of horseradish peroxidase and glucose oxidase on dopamine-modified cellulose–chitosan composite beads as a high-efficiency biocatalyst for degradation of acridine
Authors: Gu Yaohua , Yuan Lin , Li Mingming , Wang Xinyu , Rao Deyu , Bai Xiaoyan , Shi Keren , Xu Haiming , Hou Shaozhang , Yao Huiqin
Published: August 2022

Co-immobilized bienzyme biocatalysts are attracting increasing interest in the field of wastewater treatment due to their widespread application.
Interrogating the thionium hydrogen bond as a noncovalent stereocontrolling interaction in chiral phosphate catalysis
Authors: Lai Junshan , Reid Jolene P.
Published: August 2022

Transferable selectivity profiles allow data from intermolecular reactions using iminium substrates to be applied to predict intramolecular reactions involving thioniums.
Spinterface chirality-induced spin selectivity effect in bio-molecules
Authors: Dubi Yonatan
Published: August 2022

A “spinterface” model for the chirality-induced spin selectivity effect, adjusted for bio-molecules, can be used to obtain remarkable fits to experimental data.
Controllability of Delayed Discret Fornasini-Marchesini Model via Quantization and Random Packet Dropouts
Authors: Arbi Adnène
Published: August 2022

This research is devoted to Fornasnisi-Marchesini model (FM). More precisely, the investigation of the control problem for the second model discrete-time FM. The model takes into account the random packet loss and quantization errors in the network environment. So our modelling method has the potential to achieve a better stabilization effects. Random packet dropouts, time delays and quantization are taken into consideration in the feedback control problem simultaneously. Measured signals are quantized before being communicated. A logarithmic quantizer is utilized and quantized signal measurements are handled by a sector bound method. The random packet dropouts are modeled as a Bernoulli process. A control law model which depends on packet dropouts and quantization is formulated. Notably, we lighten the assumptions by using the Schur complement. Besides, both a state feedback controller and an observer-based output feedback controller are designed to ensure corresponding closed-loop systems asymptotically stability. Sufficient conditions on mean square asymptotic stability in terms of LMIs have been obtained. Finally, two numerical example show the feasibility of our theoretical results.
An investigation into simplifying total RNA extraction with minimal equipment using a low volume, electrokinetically driven microfluidic protocol
Authors: Lee Kiara , Tripathi Anubhav
Published: August 2022

Current methods for total RNA extraction are time-consuming and require several hands-on steps and specialized equipment. Microfluidic devices can offer the opportunity to reduce the number of hands-on steps, decrease the volumes of reagents required for purification, and make extraction high throughput. Here, we investigated the translation of a high volume magnetic bead-based total RNA extraction method (from human whole blood) onto a low input volume microfluidic device. Our results first show that RNA integrity is maintained when the reagent volumes are scaled down by a factor of 22 and the wash buffers are combined 1:1. With our microfluidic method, the number of wash steps can be reduced from four to one. Thus, the time to complete RNA extraction can be reduced from 2 h to 40 min. These manipulations to the conventional protocol yielded RNA amplifiable within 40 cycles of reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) when using the microfluidic device to simplify the wash steps. To improve the purification of the RNA during the bead transport through the microchannel, we also investigated the effect of a synergetic application of the electrokinetic flow. Our results show that DNase I and other contaminants surrounding the beads get washed away more effectively via electrophoretic transport. Most notably, RNA adsorption on the beads is strong enough to counter electrophoretically-driven desorption. In all, our work opens new ways to extract high-quality total RNA rapidly and simply from a small quantity of blood, making the process of RNA extraction more accessible.
Damping analysis of micro-gyroscope with ball-disk rotor
Authors: Ren Sheng-Le , Ren Ming-Yuan
Published: August 2022

According to the structure of the micro-gyroscope with a ball-disk rotor, the corresponding Reynolds equation is solved by using the motion equation, continuity equation, and state equation. The damping coefficients of axial vibration, radial vibration, and rotation around the Z axis are derived theoretically. The damping theoretical model of the micro-gyroscope is constructed to analyze the gas film damping and oil film damping of the ball-disk rotor in three degrees of freedom motion.
Sustainable Farm Finance
Authors: Mitchell John , Chapman Bruce , Lindenmayer David
Published: August 2022

Farm finance is a topic that is not often discussed but is vital to the success and longevity of these unique family businesses.

Sustainable Farm Finance draws upon the practical, on-farm financial experience of John Mitchell, a grazier in New South Wales who saved his family farm, transforming it from financial peril to a successful business. The story of his success, and how he achieved it, is told here with input and insights from economist Bruce Chapman and scientist David Lindenmayer, to create a useful and highly readable resource for property managers in Australia.

Filled with tips and suggestions for how to better manage your own farm finance, as well as real-life examples of their application in regional Australia, this is an essential resource for farmers who wish to maximise the financial outcomes of their land.
Manipulation of intrinsic quantum anomalous Hall effect in two-dimensional MoYN2CSCl MXene
Authors: Lv Yezhu , Wang Peiji , Zhang Changwen
Published: August 2022

Quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) is an innovative topological spintronic phenomenon with dissipationless chiral edge states and attracts rapidly increasing attention. However, it has only been observed in few materials in experiments. Here, according to the first-principles calculations, we report that the MXene MoYN2CSCl shows a topologically nontrivial band gap of 37.3 meV, possessing QAHE with a Chern number of C = 1, which is induced by band inversion between d
xz
and d
yz
orbitals. Also, the topological phase transition for the MoYN2CSCl can be realized via strain or by turning the magnetization direction. Remarkably, MoYN2CSCl shows the nodal-line semimetal state dependent on the electron correlation U. Our findings add an experimentally accessible and tunable member to the QAHE family, which stands a chance of enriching the applications in spintronics.
Development and characterization of a novel alpha particle SOI pixel sensor for neutron detection
Authors: Mendicino R. , Arai Y. , Dalla Betta G-F. , Perenzoni M. , Tosi E.
Published: August 2022

Semiconductor sensors for neutron detection have been initially proposed as direct replacement of 3He detectors but have recently raised interest in imaging systems. We have developed a monolithic sensor with high spatial granularity in SOIPIX technology for the detection of alpha particles of energy compatible with the reaction products of neutrons with typical converter materials. The chipset is composed by the main pixel matrix and the test structures needed for a better understanding of the chip functionality and for studying the electronic tuning strategies. The fabricated prototypes have been recently delivered and the first tests under alpha source have been performed. In this paper we will present the proposed devices and the results of the experimental characterization.
Compression performance and analytical model of hexagonal-core sandwich panels fabricated by 3D printed continuous carbon fiber-reinforced thermosetting epoxy composites
Authors: Xin Zhibo , Ming Yueke , Duan Yugang , Wang Ben , Yang Qiang
Published: August 2022

Composite sandwich structures are widely used in a multitude of fields owing to their excellent properties, such as light weight and high strength. In this study, a series of hexagonal-core sandwich panels were integrally fabricated by three-dimensional (3D) printed continuous fiber reinforced thermosetting epoxy composites. The influence of the scaling effects that is, the side length and layer thickness on the compression performance of these structures was studied. The experimental results showed that the specific strengths of three different hexagonal-core sandwich panels with different side lengths of 5 mm, 10 mm and 20 mm side lengths is roughly maintained at 0.018 MPa/(kg m−3). In addition, doubling the wall thickness of the hexagonal core increases the compressive strength by only 38.9%. The performance characteristics of these hexagonal-core sandwich panels, which change with size, can provide a reference for designers and can be used for the preliminary prediction of the structural strength.
Sustainable approach for reclamation of graphite from spent lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Perumal P , Raj Benjamin , Mohapatra Mamata , Basu Suddhasatwa
Published: August 2022

A scalable and facile regeneration route is utilized to recover the graphite from a spent lithium-ion battery (LIB). Eco-friendly organic acid is employed as a leaching-curing reagent for the present work. All the unwanted content of elements e.g. Ni, Co, Li, Cu and Al has been completely terminated from the graphite after the purification step without any additional calcination process. The optical, structural and electrochemical properties of as-reclaimed graphite have been studied by several analytical methods. Regenerated graphite is restored to its layered crystal structure along with expansion in the interlayer distance, and the same is confirmed from scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis respectively. Notably, high purity graphite is achieved and tested in its electrochemical storage property in supercapacitor (SC) applications. As an outcome, recreated graphite exhibits a maximum areal capacitance of 285 mF cm−2 at 5 mV s−1. The fabricated symmetric SC demonstrates the superior energy storage performance in terms of durability and higher capacitance (131 mF cm−2) with better capacity retention over several cycles. It is worth mentioning that this curing process is a facile route, consumes lower energy and eco-friendly methodology and thereby may have futuristic extent for the bench scale reclamation of graphite from spent LIBs.
Photosymbiotic tissue engineering and regeneration
Authors: Maharjan Sushila , Bonilla-Ruelas Diana Priscills , Orive Gorka , Zhang Yu Shrike
Published: August 2022

As the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine progresses, the possibility for artificial organs to restore normal tissue functions seems to become more feasible. However, a major challenge in the long-term culture of the engineered tissues is the lack of adequate oxygenation. The photosynthetic supply of oxygen (O2) for tissues and organs using photoautotrophic microorganisms has been explored recently in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The biofabrication of photosymbiotic scaffolds using biomaterials, photosynthetic microorganisms, and human cells has shown constant generation of O2 in response to light illumination while avoiding hypoxic conditions. This emerging strategy of photosymbiotic oxygenation is potentially an attractive approach to overcome the need of adequate oxygenation in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This Perspective aims to present an overview on the applications of photoautotrophic microorganism-enabled oxygenation strategies for overcoming hypoxia-related challenges in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Metagenomic binning with assembly graph embeddings
Authors: Lamurias Andre , Sereika Mantas , Albertsen Mads , Hose Katja , Nielsen Thomas Dyhre
Published: August 2022

Motivation

Despite recent advancements in sequencing technologies and assembly methods, obtaining high-quality microbial genomes from metagenomic samples is still not a trivial task. Current metagenomic binners do not take full advantage of assembly graphs and are not optimized for long-read assemblies. Deep graph learning algorithms have been proposed in other fields to deal with complex graph data structures. The graph structure generated during the assembly process could be integrated with contig features to obtain better bins with deep learning.

Results

We propose GraphMB, which uses graph neural networks to incorporate the assembly graph into the binning process. We test GraphMB on long-read datasets of different complexities, and compare the performance with other binners in terms of the number of High Quality (HQ) genome bins obtained. With our approach, we were able to obtain unique bins on all real datasets, and obtain more bins on most datasets. In particular, we obtained on average 17.5% more HQ bins when compared with state-of-the-art binners and 13.7% when aggregating the results of our binner with the others. These results indicate that a deep learning model can integrate contig-specific and graph-structure information to improve metagenomic binning.

Availability and implementation

GraphMB is available from https://github.com/MicrobialDarkMatter/GraphMB.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Community reinvestment challenges in the age of gentrification: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania as a case study for wide bank lending disparities
Authors: Holland Daniel , Squires Gregory D
Published: August 2022

Racially unequal home mortgage loan patterns are alive and well today with many financial institutions. Efforts to change these trends are difficult when few question the ‘reinvestment thesis’—an environment in which financial institutions are assumed to meet community needs, even when data suggest the opposite. In this article, we analyze thirteen years of financial institution lending data from 2007 to 2019 in Pittsburgh that show how the city’s African American neighborhoods are starved for private capital as vastly more loans and loan dollars were approved in white neighborhoods. Conversely, an analysis of public expenditures for affordable housing between 2010 and 2020 demonstrate the majority of government dollars went to minority neighborhoods. These data provide a partial explanation as to why Pittsburgh lost > 10,000 Black residents over the past decade. These wide disparities are a significant barrier to building African American wealth and present challenges to community development efforts.
Device fracture as a potential complication of a left ventricular microaxial pump catheter: a case report
Authors: Mutallimov Mirza , Er Fikret , Gassanov Natig
Published: August 2022

Background

The use of an Impella pump catheter has advanced substantially in the last few years due to the simple insertion procedure and smaller device size. However, its use is still associated with some risks and complications. Here, we report a device fracture as a rare complication that occurred during the device extraction a few days after the initial insertion.

Case summary

A 74-year-old man with cardiogenic shock due to acute non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction presented to our hospital, and he was transferred to the cath lab for emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). An Impella CP pump was inserted without any complication prior to PCI. After successful PCI, the patient was transferred to the intensive care unit with device left for continued haemodynamic support. After 3 days, as the patient’s condition remarkably improved, we tried to remove the device. However, a persistent mechanical resistance hindered the further catheter retraction; therefore, a decision was made to remove the catheter under fluoroscopy. Indeed, the fluoroscopy revealed a broken distal part of the pump at the level of the ascending aorta. The retained catheter tip was eventually snared with a snare catheter and removed without any complication.

Discussion

An Impella microaxial pump may improve the overall outcome by providing haemodynamic support in critically ill patients. However, its application is not without complications. Intravascular device tip fracture, as demonstrated in this case report, is a rarely reported complication. The use of a snare catheter can be an option in retrieving a broken pump.
Pay One or Pay All? The Role of Incentive Schemes in Decision Making Across Adulthood
Authors: Horn Sebastian S , Schaltegger Thierry , Best Ryan , Freund Alexandra M
Published: August 2022

Objectives

This research addresses how younger and older adults’ decisions and evaluations of gains and losses are affected by the way in which monetary incentives are provided. We compared 2 common incentive schemes in decision making: pay one (only a single decision is incentivized) and pay all (incentives across all decisions are accumulated).

Method

Younger adults (18–36 years; n = 147) and older adults (60–89 years; n = 139) participated in either a pay-one or pay-all condition and made binary choices between two-outcome monetary lotteries in gain, loss, and mixed domains. We analyzed participants’ decision quality, risk taking, and psychometric test scores. Computational modeling of cumulative prospect theory served to measure sensitivity to outcomes and probabilities, loss aversion, and choice sensitivity.

Results

Decision quality and risk aversion were higher in the gain than mixed or loss domain, but unaffected by age. Loss aversion was higher, and choice sensitivity was lower in older than younger adults. In the pay-one condition, the value functions were more strongly curved, and choice sensitivity was higher than in the pay-all condition.

Discussion

An opportunity of accumulating incentives has similar portfolio effects on younger and older adults’ decisions. In general, people appear to decide less cautiously in pay-all than pay-one scenarios. The impact of different incentive schemes should be carefully considered in aging and decision research.
Rice EIL1 interacts with OsIAAs to regulate auxin biosynthesis mediated by the tryptophan aminotransferase MHZ10/OsTAR2 during root ethylene responses
Authors: Zhou Yang , Ma Biao , Tao Jian-Jun , Yin Cui-Cui , Hu Yang , Huang Yi-Hua , Wei Wei , Xin Pei-Yong , Chu Jin-Fang , Zhang Wan-Ke , Chen Shou-Yi , Zhang Jin-Song
Published: August 2022

Ethylene plays essential roles in adaptive growth of rice (Oryza sativa). Understanding of the crosstalk between ethylene and auxin (Aux) is limited in rice. Here, from an analysis of the root-specific ethylene-insensitive rice mutant mao hu zi 10 (mhz10), we identified the tryptophan aminotransferase (TAR) MHZ10/OsTAR2, which catalyzes the key step in indole-3-pyruvic acid-dependent Aux biosynthesis. Genetically, OsTAR2 acts downstream of ethylene signaling in root ethylene responses. ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 like1 (OsEIL1) directly activated OsTAR2 expression. Surprisingly, ethylene induction of OsTAR2 expression still required the Aux pathway. We also show that Os indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)1/9 and OsIAA21/31 physically interact with OsEIL1 and show promotive and repressive effects on OsEIL1-activated OsTAR2 promoter activity, respectively. These effects likely depend on their EAR motif-mediated histone acetylation/deacetylation modification. The special promoting activity of OsIAA1/9 on OsEIL1 may require both the EAR motifs and the flanking sequences for recruitment of histone acetyltransferase. The repressors OsIAA21/31 exhibit earlier degradation upon ethylene treatment than the activators OsIAA1/9 in a TIR1/AFB-dependent manner, allowing OsEIL1 activation by activators OsIAA1/9 for OsTAR2 expression and signal amplification. This study reveals a positive feedback regulation of ethylene signaling by Aux biosynthesis and highlights the crosstalk between ethylene and Aux pathways at a previously underappreciated level for root growth regulation in rice.
Crow Dog’s Trial and Ledger Drawing: Cultural Production and Tribal Nation in the Maw of the American Empire
Authors: Frank Ross
Published: August 2022

The 1882 trial of Crow Dog (Kangi Súŋka), for the murder in 1881 of Spotted Tail (Siŋté Glešká), a leader of the Sicangu/Brulé Lakota, had all of the hallmarks of a twentieth- or twenty-first-century celebrity trial. People came for miles around Deadwood, Dakota Territory and far-flung parts to the west in order to attend the trial and rub shoulders with the participants. From the point of view of government officials in the Bureau of Indian Affairs who engineered the trial, the goal was to wrest criminal jurisdiction from Indian governments on reservations. A number of drawings on paper, “ledger drawings,” produced by Crow Dog and other Lakota participants engulfed in the trial and related activities, show another colonial process at work—the appropriation and resignification of the Native voice within the public sphere. The confluence of national, regional, and local events swirling around Deadwood, Dakota Territory, and the legal case that becomes Ex-parte Crow Dog before the Supreme Court, resituates the historical significance of this genre of “Captivity Ledgers” both for Lakota and settler sensibilities during the post-Civil War and early reservation era.
A Report of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. actinidiae Causing Kiwifruit Bacterial Canker in Guangxi, China
Authors: Zhang Lidan , Yang Tingmi , Zhao Ying , Mo Zhitong , Yuan Zhixiang , Yang Yanchang , Wang Mingzhao , Liu Hongxia
Published: August 2022

A bacterial pathogen strain was isolated from susceptible tissue of Hongyang variety kiwifruit in Zhongfeng Town, Ziyuan County, Guilin City, Guangxi, China. Due to the relatively single variety of kiwifruit in Guangxi, the control technology of fruit farmers is backward, and the climate is humid, which is suitable for the growth of pathogenic bacteria, resulting in frequent occurrence of diseases. In this study, the pathogen strain was identified based on morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests; 16S rRNA gene; PCR detection with specific primers; and Biolog analysis. The results showed that a tobacco allergic reaction could be induced by inoculation with the pathogenic bacteria. Additionally, brown necrotic plaques appeared on kiwifruit leaves, necrotic phloem lesions appeared, and wounds on kiwifruit branches turned brown. The characteristics identified by morphological, physiological, biochemical, and Biolog identification were similar to those caused by Pectobacterium sp. Through 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and PCR identification with specific primers, bands with a size corresponding to target bands indicated that the pathogen was Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. actinidiae. This is the first report of kiwifruit canker disease caused by P. carotovorum subsp. actinidiae in Guangxi, China. In addition, through this study, a preliminary understanding of the pathogen has been obtained, which will lay the foundation for the prevention and control of the disease in the future.
False-positive Fentanyl Urine Detection After Initiation of Labetalol Treatment for Hypertension in Pregnancy: A Case Report
Authors: Wanar Amita , Isley Breanna Cassidy , Saia Kelley , Field Thomas A.
Published: August 2022

Background

Labetalol hydrochloride (LH) is a pharmacologic treatment for hypertensive disease (HD) in pregnancy. However, for pregnant persons with substance use disorders (SUDs), LH may interfere with urine drug testing.

Case Summary

We present 3 pregnant or postpregnant persons with SUDs who experienced presumptive positive urine immunoassays for fentanyl while prescribed LH for perinatal HD.

Discussion

Labetalol hydrochloride treatment for HD in pregnancy can result in presumptive positive urine immunoassays for fentanyl. Unrecognized or misinterpreted, this phenomenon can lead to significant consequences for pregnant and postpartum persons with co-occurring substance use and hypertensive disorders. Clinicians caring for pregnant persons with SUDs must be aware of this phenomenon and its sequelae when ordering and interpreting urine immunoassays for fentanyl.
Factors Associated With the Presence of Co-occurring Pain and Substance Use Disorder Programs in Substance Use Treatment Facilities
Authors: Ramdin Christine , Attaalla Kyrillos , Ghafoor Naila , Nelson Lewis
Published: August 2022

Objectives

The rise in deaths related to substance use has caused a push toward linking patients to pharmacological maintenance treatment and, when appropriate, to residential substance use treatment facilities. One of the underlying issues in a subset of patients with substance use disorder (SUD) is chronic pain. We evaluated the prevalence and characteristics of those facilities that offer treatment programs tailored for patients with co-occurring pain and SUD.

Methods

This study was a retrospective review of data collected by the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services in 2019. The National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services is sent annually to all substance use treatment facilities and collects information on their characteristics and services. We calculated prevalence of chronic pain programs, reported characteristics, and did a binomial logistic regression to determine predictors of a facility offering such a program.

Results

Of 15,945 respondents, 2990 (18.8%) of facilities offered a tailored program for patients with co-occurring pain and SUDs. Characteristics that were best predictors included the following: facility has a tailored program for veterans (P < 0.001), serves only clients with opioid use disorder (P = 0.03), and provides maintenance services with methadone or buprenorphine for treating opioid use disorder (P = 0.009).

Conclusion

As of 2019, only a small percentage of substance use treatment facilities reported having a program that treats patients with co-occurring pain and SUD. Given the known high prevalence of co-occurring pain and SUD, further understanding of the role of these programs and barriers to implementation may enhance acceptance in treatment programs.
Seasonal variations of nonmotor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease in Southeast China
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Xiong Kangping , Chao Jingyuan , Zhuang Sheng , Li Jie , Liu Chunfeng
Published: August 2022

Background:

Studies suggest seasonal fluctuations of symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients in Western countries. However, the association between seasonal change and variation in nonmotor symptoms (NMS) in Chinese PD patients is unclear. Here, we studied whether there is a change rule with annual cycle with severity of NMS for patients with PD in Southeast China.

Methods:

We studied 1005 PD patients between April 2008 and October 2020. Patients were classified into four seasons according to the 24 Chinese solar terms, based on assessment date. We compared comprehensive NMS scales and polysomnography parameters among groups and conducted further analysis of disease severity.

Results:

Among the 1005 patients studied, the mean age was 64.2 ± 9.7 years and 569 (56.6%) of them were men. Relative to the summer group, patients assessed during winter had higher Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's disease-Autonomic Dysfunction (SCOPA-AUT) scores (P = 0.045). The sleep efficiency factor scores of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in patients were higher during spring than summer (P = 0.009). Among patients who completed polysomnography during the same period (n = 135), compared with summer follow-ups, we observed a higher percentage of NREMS1 in winter and spring follow-ups (P = 0.042, P = 0.011), a higher NREMS1 time in spring follow-ups (P = 0.0024), a lower NREMS2 time in winter follow-ups (P = 0.007), and a higher percentage of phasic RSWA in autumn and winter follow-ups (P = 0.026 and P = 0.020, respectively). In a subset of patients with PD and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD; n = 182), those visited during winter had higher scores for RBD questionnaire- Hong Kong and its factor 1 (dream-related sub-score) than those visited during summer (P = 0.034, P = 0.020). We observed similar findings for SCOPA-AUT and sleep efficiency factor scores in early stage patients in subgroup analysis.

Conclusions:

PD patients assessed for follow-up during summer showed less severe symptoms of autonomic dysfunction and RBD symptoms than those assessed in winter, and less sleep disturbance than those in spring and winter, suggesting that seasonal change and NMS fluctuation are related, especially in patients with early stage PD.
Statin and Postcardiac Surgery Atrial Fibrillation Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Oliveri Federico , Bongiorno Andrea , Compagnoni Sara , Fasolino Alessandro , Gentile Francesca Romana , Pepe Antonella , Tua Lorenzo
Published: August 2022

Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a frequently reported postcardiac surgery complication leading to increased in-hospital and long-term mortality rates. Many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have recently suggested using statins to protect against POAF. Therefore, we performed a systematic literature search and meta-analysis in electronic databases for eligible studies published between January 2006 and January 2022. The principal inclusion criteria were as follows: RCTs' study design, statin-naive patients, total study participants ≥50 units, and statin pretreatment started no more than 21 days before cardiac surgery. In the primary analysis, statin pretreatment reduced the incidence of POAF compared with placebo. Analyzing different molecules, atorvastatin was associated with lower incidence of POAF but rosuvastatin was not. We therefore performed a sensitivity analysis excluding RCTs affected by important risk of biases. Thus, studies whose participants were ≥199 were those eligible for the secondary analysis. No statistically significant difference between statin pretreatment and placebo (OR 0.87; 95% CI: 0.71–1.07, P = 0.18) as well as for atorvastatin (OR 0.88; 95% CI: 0.61–1.28; P = 0.48; I2 = 84%) and rosuvastatin (OR 0.87; 95% CI: 0.68–1.12, P = 0.29) was observed. To conclude, statin pretreatment before cardiac surgery is not associated with a significant reduction in POAF occurrence.
Fatty acid translocase: a culprit of lipid metabolism dysfunction in disease
Authors: Rupert Joseph E. , Kolonin Mikhail G.
Published: August 2022

Dysregulation of lipid deposition into and mobilization from white adipose tissue (WAT) underlies various diseases. Long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) and cholesterol trafficking in and out of adipocytes is a process relying on transporters shuttling lipids from the plasma membrane (PM) to lipid droplets (LD). CD36 is the fatty acid translocase (FAT) that transports LCFA and cholesterol across the PM. Interactions of CD36 with proteins PHB1, ANX2, and CAV1 mediate intercellular lipid transport between adipocytes, hematopoietic, epithelial, and endothelial cells. Intracellularly, the FAT complex has been found to regulate LCFA trafficking between the PM and LD. This process is regulated by CD36 glycosylation and S-acylation, as well as by post-translational modifications of PHB1 and ANX2, which determine both protein–protein interactions and the cellular localization of the complex. Changes in extracellular and intracellular LCFA levels have been found to induce the post-translational modifications and the function of the FAT complex in lipid uptake and mobilization. The role of the CD36/PHB1/ANX2 complex may span beyond lipid trafficking. The requirement of PHB1 for mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in brown adipocytes has been revealed. Cancer cells which take advantage of lipids mobilized by adipocytes and oxidized in leukocytes are indirectly affected by the function of FAT complex in other tissues. The direct importance of CD36 interaction with PHB1/and ANX2 in cancer cells remains to be established. This review highlights the multifaceted roles of the FAT complex in systemic lipid trafficking and discuss it as a potential target in metabolic disease and cancer.
Thermal grill illusion of pain in patients with chronic pain: a clinical marker of central sensitization?
Authors: Adam Frédéric , Jouët Pauline , Sabaté Jean-Marc , Perrot Serge , Franchisseur Claire , Attal Nadine , Bouhassira Didier
Published: August 2022

The thermal grill illusion of pain (TGIP) is a paradoxical burning pain sensation elicited by the simultaneous application of innocuous cutaneous warm and cold stimuli with a thermode (“thermal grill”) consisting of interlaced heated and cooled bars. Its neurophysiological mechanisms are unclear, but TGIP may have some mechanisms in common with pathological pain, including central sensitization in particular, through the involvement of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. However, few studies have investigated TGIP in patients with chronic pain and its clinical relevance is uncertain. We hypothesized that the TGIP would be increased in comparison with controls in patients with fibromyalgia or irritable bowel syndrome, which are regarded as typical “nociplastic” primary pain syndromes related to changes in central pain processing. We compared the sensations elicited by a large range of combinations of temperature differentials between the warm and cold bars of a thermal grill applied to the hand between patients with fibromyalgia (n = 30) or irritable bowel syndrome (n= 30) and controls (n = 30). The percentage of TGIP responses and the intensity and unpleasantness of TGIP were significantly greater in patients than controls. Furthermore, positive correlations were found between TGIP intensity and clinical pain intensity and between TGIP intensity and the cold pain threshold measured on the hand. These results are consistent with our working hypothesis of shared mechanisms between TGIP and clinical pain mechanisms in patients with nociplastic chronic pain syndromes and suggest that TGIP might represent a clinical marker of central sensitization in these patients.
The Business Case for Magnet® Designation
Authors: Drenkard Karen Neil
Published: August 2022

The Magnet® journey has increased in relevance as the sources of evidence reflect the complex role of the nurse in quality, safety, and the patient care experience. Creating a business case to secure the resources required to embark and travel on the Magnet journey is an essential tool for the chief nurse. Identifying expenses, cost savings or avoidance, and return on investment for nursing services are all important elements of a business case.
Broad vs Narrow Spectrum Antibiotics in Common Bile Duct Stones: A Post Hoc Analysis of an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma Multicenter Study
Authors: Tracy Brett M , Valdez Carrie L , Paterson Cameron W , Hochman Beth R , Kwon Eugenia , Sims Carrie A , Rattan Rishi , Dante Yeh D , Gelbard Rondi B ,   on behalf of the EAST Common Bile Duct Stones Study Group
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:

Antimicrobial guidance for common bile duct stones during the perioperative period is limited. We sought to examine the effect of broad-spectrum (BS) vs narrow-spectrum (NS) antibiotics on surgical site infections (SSIs) in patients with common bile duct stones undergoing same-admission cholecystectomy.

STUDY DESIGN:

We performed a post hoc analysis of a prospective, observational, multicenter study of patients undergoing same-admission cholecystectomy for choledocholithiasis and/or acute biliary pancreatitis between 2016 and 2019. We excluded patients with cholangitis, perforated cholecystitis, and nonbiliary infections on admission. Patients were divided based on receipt of BS or NS antibiotics. Our primary outcome was the incidence of SSIs, and secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay, acute kidney injury (AKI), and 30-day readmission for SSI.

RESULTS:

The cohort had 891 patients: 51.7% (n= 461) received BS antibiotics and 48.3% (n = 430) received NS antibiotics. Overall antibiotic duration was longer in the BS group than in the NS group (6 vs 4 d, p = 0.01); however, there was no difference in rates of SSI (0.9% vs 0.5%, p = 0.7) or 30-day readmission for SSI (1.1% vs 1.2%, p = 1.0). Hospital length of stay was significantly longer in the BS group (p < 0.001) as were rates of AKI (5% vs 1.4%, p = 0.001). On multivariable regression, BS antibiotic use was a risk factor for AKI (adjusted odds ratio 2.8, 95% CI 1.16 to 7.82, p = 0.02).

CONCLUSION:

The incidence of SSI and 30-day readmission for SSI was similar between antibiotic groups. However, BS antibiotic use was associated with a longer hospitalization and greater likelihood of AKI.
Role of Transfusion Volume and Transfusion Rate as Markers of Futility During Ultramassive Blood Transfusion in Trauma
Authors: Dorken Gallastegi Ander , Secor Jordan D , Maurer Lydia R , Dzik Walter S , Saillant Noelle N , Hwabejire John O , Fawley Jason , Parks Jonathan , Kaafarani Haytham MA , Velmahos George C
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:

Using a large national database, we evaluated the relationship between RBC transfusion volume, RBC transfusion rate, and in-hospital mortality to explore the presence of a futility threshold in trauma patients receiving ultramassive blood transfusion.

STUDY DESIGN:

The ACS-TQIP 2013 to 2018 database was analyzed. Adult patients who received ultramassive blood transfusion (≥20 units of RBC/24 hours) were included. RBC transfusion volume and rate were captured at the only 2 time points available in TQIP (4 hours and 24 hours), or time of death, whichever came first.

RESULTS:

Among 5,135 patients analyzed, in-hospital mortality rate was 62.1% (n = 3,190), and 4-hour and 24-hour mortality rates were 17.53% (n = 900) and 42.41% (n = 2,178), respectively. RBC transfusion volumes at 4 hours (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] 0.59 [95% CI 0.57 to 0.60]) and 24 hours (AUROC 0.59 [95% CI 0.57 to 0.60]) had low discriminatory ability for mortality and were inconclusive for futility. Mean RBC transfusion rates calculated within 4 hours (AUROC 0.65 [95% CI 0.63 to 0.66]) and 24 hours (AUROC 0.85 [95% CI 0.84 to 0.86]) had higher discriminatory ability than RBC transfusion volume. A futility threshold was not found for the mean RBC transfusion rate calculated within 4 hours. All patients with a final mean RBC transfusion rate of ≥7 U/h calculated within 24 hours of arrival experienced in-hospital death (n = 1,326); the observed maximum length of survival for these patients during the first 24 hours ranged from 24 hours for a rate of 7 U/h to 4.5 hours for rates ≥21 U/h.

CONCLUSION:

RBC transfusion volume within 4 or 24 hours and mean RBC transfusion rate within 4 hours were not markers of futility. The observed maximum length of survival per mean RBC transfusion rate could inform resuscitation efforts in trauma patients receiving ongoing transfusion between 4 and 24 hours.
An economic evaluation of Kooth, a web-based mental health platform for children and young people with emerging mental health needs
Authors: Coote Laura , Kelly Laura , Salhi Louisa , de Ossorno Garcia Santiago , Sefi Aaron , Holmes Hayden
Published: August 2022

Background

The Kooth platform is a mental health web-based platform commissioned by the NHS, local authorities, charities and businesses. Through the platform children and young people (CYP) have access to an online community of peers and a team of experienced counsellors.

Objective

To evaluate the potential benefits of the Kooth mental health platform in the UK, including the costs and savings to public services and impact on both immediate and intermediate outcomes for CYP.

Methods

A cost calculator was built to estimate the cost to the UK government as a result of implementing the Kooth platform. A decision tree structure was used to track the progress of CYP with emerging mental health needs (EMHN), comparing those with access to the Kooth platform and those without access to a mental health platform.

Findings

The base case results followed a cohort of 2,160 CYP. The results of the cost calculator estimated that engagement with the Kooth platform is associated with a cost saving of £303,234 or £199 per engaged user, to the NHS and UK crime sector.

Conclusions

The uptake of mental health platforms, such as Kooth, could result in cost savings to the UK public sectors and should be given consideration as a beneficial addition to existing mental health services.