bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entry barriers and tripartite evolutionary game analysis of seawater desalination under the government regulation in China
Authors: Chen Mingbao , Xu Zhibin , Wang Yuhao
Published: December 2023

Seawater desalination is a new promising marine industry and an important way to supplement the shortage of land water resources and promote the efficient use of seawater resources. Currently, the global desalination industry is rapidly developing. In China’s new development plan, large-scale development of the seawater desalination industry is also an important strategic goal. However, compared to the technological development of the seawater desalination industry, its marketization is affected by various factors, and its development level is still relatively low. Therefore, based on real industry data, this paper constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model for seawater desalination enterprises, water supply enterprises, and the government, and identifies several entry barriers for seawater desalination in China. The results include: (1) For seawater desalination to enter the market in China, government supervision limit should be no greater than 400,000 tons per day, about 13.8% of total seawater desalination scale. (2) The entry cost should be no more than 10 million yuan per day for seawater desalination, which is equivalent to approximately 18.25 trillion yuan during a five-year period. Finally, (3) political relatedness should be at least 2.0 for seawater desalination to take place, and 3.0 for it to develop in full swing. The paper also discusses the division of state- and foreign-owned water companies and reveals that government subsidies are only effective if foreign-owned companies seek rents. Based on the findings of the study, we propose pertinent policy recommendations including top-level planning, desalinated water infrastructure development, subsidy policy implementation, and public engagement. These recommendations aim to aid the Chinese government in fostering the desalination sector.
Effect of binary raw materials replacement (quartz and feldspar) for porcelain chamotte on the electro-technical siliceous porcelain properties
Authors: Rodríguez Edén A. , Díaz-Tato Leonel , López-Perales J. F. , González-Carranza Yadira
Published: December 2023

The hurry for ecological practices and waste control has emerged as an obligation in modern times, demanding precise strategies to restrain waste accumulation and to stimulate recycling and reuse actions to lower the climate effect. The replacement of binary raw materials for porcelain chamotte waste in siliceous porcelain was studied to obtain eco-friendly high-voltage porcelain. Quartz and feldspar were progressively replaced by 5, 10, and 15 wt.% of porcelain chamotte in a conventional siliceous electro-technical porcelain composition. The replacement effect on sintered samples at 1250°C under industrial heat treatment was evaluated by measuring the linear shrinkage, bulk density, porosity, flexural strength, and microhardness technological properties. Phase analysis was carried out by X-ray diffraction. Microstructural characteristics were studied using a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that chamotte-containing samples reached bulk densities of about 2.36 g/cm3 and a porosity percentage near zero. The maximum flexural strength value at glazed states was 87.8 MPa, for 15 wt.% scrap-containing samples. X-ray diffraction studies revealed a higher mullite phase content in chamotte-containing samples. Scanning electronic microscopy images of the polished and etched specimens show the presence of quartz grains and secondary mullite needles embedded in a feldspathic vitreous matrix. The properties reached by the chamotte-containing samples are attractive since the values obtained in terms of flexural strength, density, and porosity are compared to those reported for conventional siliceous porcelain were obtained. The most noticeable result was observed in flexural resistance. The glazed porcelain bodies showed a flexural strength improvement of about 15%. Then, these porcelain compositions suggest an alternative to produce a more sustainable, affordable, and environmentally-friendly porcelain insulator product.
Possible risk factors of opaque bubble layer and its effect on high-order aberrations after small incision Lenticule extraction
Authors: Yang Shan , Wang Heng , Chen Zhengyu , Li Ying , Chen Youxin , Long Qin
Published: December 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the possible risk factors of opaque bubble layer (OBL) formation in small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery and its effects on visual quality.

Methods

Fifty-six eyes from 28 patients were included in this study. The preoperative parameters and intraoperative designs were recorded. Corneal high-order aberrations (HOAs), point spread function (PSF), and modulation transfer function (MTF) were measured using iTrace at pre-operation, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after SMILE. Generalized Estimating Equation and Linear Mixed Effects Model were employed for statistical analysis.

Results

The mean OBL area in SMILE surgery was 2.75% ± 1.25%. The patients were divided into groups based on whether the OBL was greater than the mean group or less than the mean group. Compared to the group with a smaller OBL area, the group with the larger OBL area had steeper corneal curvature and thinner cap thickness, the OBL area was positively correlated with the preoperative keratometry (r = 0.21, p = 0.04) and preoperative spherical value (r = 0.47, p = 0.01). The group with the larger OBL area induced more corneal SA and trefoil at 1 week postoperatively, but the difference was not significant at 1 month and 3 months postoperatively.

Conclusion

A steep corneal curvature, thin cap thickness, and high preoperative spherical value are possible risk factors for OBL formation in SMILE surgery. The OBL increased the ocular and corneal HOAs postoperatively for a short period (1 week), while it did not affect the long-term outcomes.
Imipenem heteroresistance but not tolerance in Haemophilus influenzae during chronic lung infection associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Gil-Campillo Celia , González-Díaz Aida , Rapún-Araiz Beatriz , Iriarte-Elizaintzin Oihane , Elizalde-Gutiérrez Iris , Fernández-Calvet Ariadna , Lázaro-Díez María , Martí Sara , Garmendia Junkal
Published: December 2023

Antibiotic resistance is a major Public Health challenge worldwide. Mechanisms other than resistance are described as contributors to therapeutic failure. These include heteroresistance and tolerance, which escape the standardized procedures used for antibiotic treatment decision-making as they do not involve changes in minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Haemophilus influenzae causes chronic respiratory infection and is associated with exacerbations suffered by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Although resistance to imipenem is rare in this bacterial species, heteroresistance has been reported, and antibiotic tolerance cannot be excluded. Moreover, development of antibiotic heteroresistance or tolerance during within-host H. influenzae pathoadaptive evolution is currently unknown. In this study, we assessed imipenem resistance, heteroresistance and tolerance in a previously sequenced longitudinal collection of H. influenzae COPD respiratory isolates. The use of Etest, disc diffusion, population analysis profiling, tolerance disc (TD)-test methods, and susceptibility breakpoint criteria when available, showed a significant proportion of imipenem heteroresistance with differences in terms of degree among strains, absence of imipenem tolerance, and no specific trends among serial and clonally related strains could be established. Analysis of allelic variation in the ftsI, acrA, acrB, and acrR genes rendered a panel of polymorphisms only found in heteroresistant strains, but gene expression and genome-wide analyses did not show clear genetic traits linked to heteroresistance. In summary, a significant proportion of imipenem heteroresistance was observed among H. influenzae strains isolated from COPD respiratory samples over time. These data should be useful for making more accurate clinical recommendations to COPD patients.
Moringa oleifera leaf alleviates functional constipation via regulating the gut microbiota and the enteric nervous system in mice
Authors: Gao Xiaoyu , Yang Weiqian , Li Sijin , Liu Shuangfeng , Yang Weixing , Song Shuang , Sheng Jun , Zhao Yan , Tian Yang
Published: December 2023

Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf is not only a new food resource in China, but also a traditional medicinal plant. It is commonly used in the folk to alleviate constipation, but its laxative mechanism is not fully understood. Hence we investigated it in loperamide-induced functional constipation (FC) mice. The results showed that MOAE significantly regulated not only gastrointestinal hormones and neurotransmitters in serum but also important gastrointestinal motility factors in the enteric nervous system (ENS)-interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs)-smooth muscle cell (SMC) network. Meanwhile, MOAE attenuated intestinal inflammation, increased cecal short-chain fatty acid levels and colonic antimicrobial peptide expression, and improved the impaired intestinal barrier function in loperamide-induced FC mice. In addition, MOAE also increased fecal water content by inhibiting the mRNA expression of colonic aquaporins (Aqp3 and Aqp4) in FC mice. Interestingly and importantly, MOAE affected the intestinal microbiota by inhibiting some key “constipation-causing” microbiota, such as Bacteroidaceae, Clostridiaceae, Bacteroides, and Ruminococcus, and promoting the growth of other important “constipation-curing” microbiota, such as Butyricoccus, Tyzzerella, and Desulfovibrio. These important taxa are significantly associated with a variety of indicators of constipation. These findings suggest that MOAE can promote defecation through its rich chemical composition to modulate the ENS-ICCs-SMCs network and the gut microecosystem.
Outcomes of early social experiences on glucocorticoid and endocannabinoid systems in the prefrontal cortex of male and female adolescent rats
Authors: Rullo Laura , Losapio Loredana Maria , Morosini Camilla , Mottarlini Francesca , Schiavi Sara , Buzzelli Valeria , Ascone Fabrizio , Ciccocioppo Roberto , Fattore Liana , Caffino Lucia , Fumagalli Fabio , Romualdi Patrizia , Trezza Viviana , Candeletti Sanzio
Published: December 2023

Social and emotional experiences differently shape individual’s neurodevelopment inducing substantial changes in neurobiological substrates and behavior, particularly when they occur early in life. In this scenario, the present study was aimed at (i) investigating the impact of early social environments on emotional reactivity of adolescent male and female rats and (ii) uncovering the underlying molecular features, focusing on the cortical endocannabinoid (eCB) and glucocorticoid systems. To this aim, we applied a protocol of environmental manipulation based on early postnatal socially enriched or impoverished conditions. Social enrichment was realized through communal nesting (CN). Conversely, an early social isolation (ESI) protocol was applied (post-natal days 14–21) to mimic an adverse early social environment. The two forms of social manipulation resulted in specific behavioral and molecular outcomes in both male and female rat offspring. Despite the combination of CN and ESI did not affect emotional reactivity in both sexes, the molecular results reveal that the preventive exposure to CN differently altered mRNA and protein expression of the main components of the glucocorticoid and eCB systems in male and female rats. In particular, adolescent females exposed to the combination of CN and ESI showed increased corticosterone levels, unaltered genomic glucocorticoid receptor, reduced cannabinoid receptor type-1 and fatty acid amide hydrolase protein levels, suggesting that the CN condition evokes different reorganization of these systems in males and females.
Delimiting MOGAD as a disease entity using translational imaging
Authors: Oertel Frederike Cosima , Hastermann Maria , Paul Friedemann
Published: December 2023

The first formal consensus diagnostic criteria for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) were recently proposed. Yet, the distinction of MOGAD-defining characteristics from characteristics of its important differential diagnoses such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and aquaporin-4 antibody seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is still obstructed. In preclinical research, MOG antibody-based animal models were used for decades to derive knowledge about MS. In clinical research, people with MOGAD have been combined into cohorts with other diagnoses. Thus, it remains unclear to which extent the generated knowledge is specifically applicable to MOGAD. Translational research can contribute to identifying MOGAD characteristic features by establishing imaging methods and outcome parameters on proven pathophysiological grounds. This article reviews suitable animal models for translational MOGAD research and the current state and prospect of translational imaging in MOGAD.
False positive angiographic aneurysm of the anterior segment of the M1 bifurcation of the middle cerebral artery: a case report
Authors: Xiao Wen , Hou Xiaolin , Li Dingjun , Yang Dongdong
Published: December 2023

Occlusion of an intracranial arterial branch, resulting in a false positive aneurysm on vascular imaging, is extremely rare, with only a few reports in the literature and mostly in the posterior circulation artery or the middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation. We report a case of a 69 years-old woman with a subacute infarct lesion in the left frontal lobe, for whom both computed tomographic angiography (CTA) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of the cerebral vessels showed aneurysms in the anterior segment of the M1 bifurcation of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and in the bifurcation of the MCA. The aneurysm in the MCA bifurcation was found during craniotomy, whereas the anterior segment of the M1 bifurcation had intact branch vessels with severe atherosclerosis and no aneurysm was present. The branch vessel of M1 was presumed to be atherosclerotic occlusion resulting in the distal vessels without contrast filling on CTA and DSA, and only the occluded stump at the beginning of the vessel was filled with contrast, showing an aneurysm-like morphology, which was very confusing. This case highlights to neurologists that the diagnosis of aneurysm by cerebrovascular CTA or DSA must be carefully differentiated to avoid misdiagnosis, especially if the unruptured aneurysm is in an uncommon location in combination with ischemic cerebrovascular disease.
Impact of lockdown on children with type-1 diabetes: returning to the community was associated with a decrease in HbA1c
Authors: Morat Benjamin , Lucidarme Nadine , Gibert Auriane , Harbulot Carole , Lachaume Noémie , Gréteau Stéphanie , Basmaci Romain
Published: December 2023

Background

In March 2020, a 2-month lockdown of the entire population has been declared in France to limit the spread of COVID-19. Sudden changes in daily life can impact the glycemic control of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), especially children and adolescents. We aimed to assess the impact of the lockdown on glycemic control in children and adolescents with T1D.

Methods

Children with T1D were prospectively recruited in two pediatric centers from May 11 to August 1, 2020. At inclusion, patients and/or parents were asked to fill in a form assessing the patient's lifestyle during the lockdown and a medical case report form was filled in by clinician. The mean of the three last glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values obtained before lockdown (HbA1c_mean; before March 17, 2020) was compared to the first HbA1c value measured after the lockdown (HbA1c_after; from May 11 to August 1, 2020). Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed, as appropriate, to identify factors associated with glycemic changes during lockdown.

Results

One-hundred-and-eighteen children and adolescents (median age was 14.1 years, 50% males) with T1D (median time from diagnosis was 4.1 years) were enrolled in the study. No significant difference was observed between medians of HbA1c_mean and HbA1c_after values (8.37% [7.88; 9.32%] vs. 8.50% [7.70; 9.50%], respectively; p = 0.391). Returning to the community was a protective factor [OR 0.31 (0.09–0.94); p = 0.045]. Patients having increased HbA1c were more frequently in contact with a suspected case of COVID-19 [OR 9.07 (2.15–53.66); p = 0.006], whereas patients having decreased HbA1c had the feeling of increase number of hypoglycemia [OR 0.19 (0.05–0.57); p = 0.006].

Conclusion

In our patients, HbA1c before and after the lockdown was stable. In subgroup analysis, returning to the community was a protective factor. In addition, feeling of hypoglycemia was more frequent in the patients with decreased HbA1c.
The role of ARL4C in predicting prognosis and immunotherapy drug susceptibility in pan-cancer analysis
Authors: Zhao Hanshu , Yang Kaiqi , Yue Ziqi , Chen Ziyin , Cheng Zhe , Sun Hongcheng , Song Changze
Published: December 2023

Background: ARLs, which are a class of small GTP-binding proteins, play a crucial role in facilitating tumor tumorigenesis and development. ARL4C, a vital member of the ARLs family, has been implicated in the progression of tumors, metastatic dissemination, and development of resistance to therapeutic drugs. Nevertheless, the precise functional mechanisms of ARL4C concerning tumor prognosis and immunotherapy drug susceptibility remain elusive.

Methods: By combining the GTEx and TCGA databases, the presence of ARL4C was examined in 33 various types of cancer. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining techniques were utilized to confirm the expression of ARL4C in particular tumor tissues. Furthermore, the ESTIMATE algorithm and TIMER2.0 database were utilized to analyze the tumor microenvironment and immune infiltration associated with ARL4C. The TISCH platform facilitated the utilization of single-cell RNA-seq datasets for further analysis. ARL4C-related immune escape was investigated using the TISMO tool. Lastly, drug sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the sensitivity of different types of tumors to compounds based on the varying levels of ARL4C expression.

Results: The study found that ARL4C was highly expressed in 23 different types of cancer. Moreover, the presence of high ARL4C expression was found to be associated with a poor prognosis in BLCA, COAD, KIRP, LGG, and UCEC. Notably, ARL4C was also expressed in immune cells, and its high expression was found to be correlated with cancer immune activation. Most importantly, the drug sensitivity analysis revealed a positive correlation between ARL4C expression and the heightened sensitivity of tumors to Staurosporine, Midostaurin, and Nelarabine.

Conclusion: The findings from our study indicate that the expression level of ARL4C may exert an influence on cancer development, prognosis, and susceptibility to immunotherapy drugs. In addition, the involvement of ARL4C in the tumor immune microenvironment has expanded the concept of ARL4C-targeted immunotherapy.
The categorizations of vasculogenic mimicry in clear cell renal cell carcinoma unveil inherent connections with clinical and immune features
Authors: Geng Bo , Liu Weiyang , Wang Jinpeng , Zhang Wei , Li Zhuolun , Zhang Nan , Hou Wenbin , Zhao Enyang , Li Xuedong , You Bosen
Published: December 2023

Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) stands as the prevailing variant kidney cancer in humans. Unfortunately, patients with disseminated RCC at diagnosis often have a diminished prognosis. Rapid tumor growth necessitates efficient blood supply for oxygen and nutrients, involving the circulation of blood from vessels to tumor tissues, facilitating tumor cell entry into the extracellular matrix. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) significantly contributes to tumor growth and metastasis. Within this investigation, we identified vasculogenic mimicry-related genes (VMRGs) by analyzing data from 607 cases of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/). These findings offer insights into ccRCC progression and metastasis.

Method: We identified VMRGs-related subtypes using consistent clustering methods. The signature of the VMRGs was created using univariate Cox regression and LASSO Cox regression analyses. To evaluate differences in immune cell infiltration, we employed ssGSEA. Afterwards, we created an innovative risk assessment model, known as the VM index, along with a nomogram to forecast the prognosis of ccRCC. Additionally, we verified the expression of an important gene related to VM, peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2), in tissue samples. Furthermore, we assessed the sensitivity to drugs in various groups by utilizing the pRRophetic R package.

Results: Significant predictors of survival rates in both high- and low-risk groups of KIRC patients were identified as VMRGs. The independent prognostic factors for RCC were confirmed by both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, validating VMRG risk signatures. Differences were observed in drug sensitivity, immune checkpoint expression, and responses to immune therapy between patients classified into high- and low-VMRG-risk groups. Our nomograms consistently demonstrated precise predictive capabilities. Finally, we experimentally verified PRDX2 expression levels and their impact on prognosis.

Conclusion: The signature predicts patient prognosis and therapy response, laying the groundwork for future clinical strategies in treating ccRCC patients.
Improving seed germination and physiological characteristics of maize seedlings under osmotic stress through potassium nano-silicate treatment
Authors: Weisany Weria , Razmi Javad , Pashang Danial
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Osmotic stress can significantly affect the survival and functioning of living organisms, particularly during vulnerable stages such as seed germination and seedling growth. To address this issue, advanced technologies like nanofertilizers have been developed to improve soil conditions and enhance plant growth in stressed ecosystems due to their multiple effects and efficient consumption.

Methods

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of potassium nano-silicate (PNS) on the physiological characteristics of maize seedlings and seed germination under various levels of osmotic stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG). The study considered two factors: two levels of PNS concentration (500 and 1000 ppm) and PEG-6000 solution with different osmotic stress levels (-2, -4, -6, and -8 bars).

Results and discussion

The results demonstrated that the application of PNS at a concentration of 1000 ppm led to increased radicle length and hypocotyl length as well as fresh weight of maize seedlings. Furthermore, PNS at a concentration of 1000 ppm had a more beneficial effect on the germination rate of maize seedlings under osmotic stress compared to 500 ppm. Additionally, the application of PNS under osmotic stress conditions resulted in an increase in various physiological parameters, including protein content, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll content, proline content, and the activity of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (AXPO) enzymes. These findings indicate that the use of PNS can have a positive impact on the physiological characteristics of maize seedlings and seed germination under osmotic stress conditions. Overall, this technology has the potential to enhance crop growth and yield in stressed ecosystems. By improving the survival and function of plants during vulnerable stages, such as seed germination and seedling growth, the application of PNS can contribute to more resilient agricultural practices and promote sustainable food production in challenging environments.
Cognitive functioning and psychosomatic syndromes in a subjective tinnitus sample
Authors: Gasparre Daphne , Pepe Ilaria , Laera Domenico , Abbatantuono Chiara , De Caro Maria Fara , Taurino Alessandro , D’Erasmo Daniele , Fanizzi Piero , Antonucci Linda A. , Pantaleo Alessandra , Cavallaro Giada , Pontillo Vito , Taurisano Paolo , Quaranta Nicola
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Tinnitus is the perception of a sound in the absence of any corresponding external sound source. Current research suggests a relationship among emotional, cognitive, and psychosomatic symptoms and the occurrence or maintenance of chronic tinnitus. This study aimed to detect the prevalence and role of psychosomatic conditions, as defined by the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research (DCPR), and cognitive functioning in a group of patients with tinnitus.

Methods

Sixty-two patients with subjective tinnitus and 62 non-tinnitus controls were recruited from the Otorhinolaryngology Unit of the University of Bari. Pure-tone audiometry was performed in all tinnitus subjects, and sound level tolerance was evaluated. Additionally, tinnitus handicap (Tinnitus Handicap Inventory [THI]), psychopathological symptoms (Symptom Checklist-90, Revised [SCL-90-R]), anxiety (State–Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI-Y1/2]), depression (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]), cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]), executive functions (Frontal Assessment Battery [FAB]), and psychosomatic syndromes (DCPR) were evaluated. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used to detect cognitive and symptomatological differences between patients and controls. The predictivity of these factors for tinnitus severity was studied using multiple regression (Backward Elimination). All tests were considered significant at p < 0.05 (family wise error corrected for each comparison).

Results

69.4% tinnitus patients met multiple DCPR criteria, compared to 32.3% of controls. Tinnitus patients exhibited elevated rates of illness denial (ꭓ2 = 9.02; p < 0.009), demoralization (ꭓ2 = 8.05; p < 0.018), somatization (ꭓ2 = 4.92; p < 0.063) and functional symptoms (ꭓ2 = 5.21; p < 0.06) scoring significantly higher on the BDI, STAI-Y1, and STAI-Y2, and SCL-90-R compared to controls. Patients with tinnitus showed lower MMSE scores, compared to controls (t = −2.282; p < 0.001). No association between tinnitus severity and global cognitive impairment emerged. Conversely, executive function deficits were associated to tinnitus severity. Among the cognitive and psychological factors, only trait anxiety, one or more psychosomatic syndromes, and somatization clusters were strongly correlated with tinnitus severity.

Discussion

Our findings suggest a relationship between tinnitus severity, psychological, psychosomatic symptoms, and frontal impairment. Additionally, the influence of tinnitus on cognitive functions paves the way for integrated, multidisciplinary diagnostic and treatment options for patients. Although preliminary, our findings highlight the importance of early cognitive and psychological screening to improve patients’ quality of life.
Exploring the psychosocial characteristics of women with gambling disorder through a qualitative study
Authors: Estévez Ana , Macía Laura , Ontalvilla Andrea , Aurrekoetxea Maite
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Gambling disorder is a behavioral addiction that has been primarily male, but in the last few years, the age of onset has been equated between the sexes. The profile of female gamblers could be different from that of men. Consequently, this study analyzes the testimonies of women with gambling disorder to determine their specific characteristics (gambling motives, gambling preferences, and associated pathologies).

Method

The sample comprises 18 women with gambling disorder aged between 30 and 68. Three discussion groups were held, and a “blind” inductive process was carried out to extract categories. The Atlas.Ti 22.0 program was used to recode and analyze the data.

Results

Results show that women may start gambling due to abuse suffered in childhood, and often family members initiate women into gambling. Likewise, the onset of gambling could be a maladaptive way to manage negative emotions. Also highlighted is the predominance of feelings of social stigmatization, which can be reflected in women’s choice of games where they are not visible. Comorbidity with other disorders such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, personality disorders, and the use of other substances are noteworthy.

Discussion

The factors explaining why female gamblers do not seek treatment compared to male gamblers are analyzed. More studies on women’s experience with gambling are needed to address the specific characteristics of gambling disorder in women.
A bidirectional relationship between cognitive reserve and cognition among older adults in a rural Chinese community: a cross-lagged design
Authors: Chen Hao , Jiang Zhiyue , Hu Jin , Yang Xing , Gui Shiqi , Li Qiushuo , Wang Jing , Yang Jingyuan
Published: December 2023

Background

The concept of cognitive reserve (CR) plays a crucial role in understanding cognitive aging and resilience. Accumulating evidence revealed the influence of CR proxy on cognitive function, but it remains unknown whether a reverse association or reciprocal effect exists.

Objective

The aim of this study is to observe the bidirectional relationship between cognitive reserve proxies and cognitive function among older adults in rural Chinese communities, providing a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and potential moderating factors involved.

Method

This longitudinal study analyzed 792 older adults (70.23 ± 5.87 years; 59.8%female) aged 60 years and older from the health status of rural older adults (HSRO) study over a 3-year period. Cognition was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Cross-lagged panel modeling was utilized to analyze the interrelationship between cognitive reserve proxies and cognitive performance. Additionally, latent profile analysis was employed to identify different subtypes of neuropathic load within the study population.

Results

Our cross-lagged analyses revealed significant associations between CR at T0 and MMSE scores at T1 (β = 0.81), as well as between MMSE scores at T0 and CR at T1 (β = 0.04). However, when conducting stratified analyses, we found no significant lagged relationships among individuals with high neuropathic load or those at an advanced age (p > 0.05). Furthermore, our longitudinal comparisons indicated changes in the contribution of CR proxy factors over time.

Conclusion

The findings suggested a bidirectional relationship between cognitive reserve and cognitive performance in older adults. These results emphasized the importance of implementing timely public health measures to enhance cognitive reserve and cognitive performance ultimately promoting healthier aging among older adults.
Conceptual disorganization as a mediating variable between visual learning and metacognition in schizophrenia
Authors: Montemagni Cristiana , Brasso Claudio , Bellino Silvio , Bozzatello Paola , Villari Vincenzo , Rocca Paola
Published: December 2023

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative contributions of visual learning and conceptual disorganization to specific metacognitive domains in a sample of outpatients with stable schizophrenia.

Methods

A total of 92 consecutive outpatients with stable schizophrenia were recruited in a cross-sectional study. We analyzed the data with five path analyses based on multiple regressions to analyze the specific effect of visual learning on metacognitive capacity and metacognitive domains and the possible mediating role of conceptual disorganization.

Results

We found that (i) visual learning was negatively correlated to metacognitive capacity and its domains on the one hand and conceptual disorganization on the other hand; (ii) conceptual disorganization was negatively associated with metacognition and its domains; and (iii) when the mediation effect was considered, conceptual disorganization fully mediated the relationship between visual learning and mastery, whereas it served as a partial mediator of the effect of visual learning on the other metacognition domains, i.e., self-reflectivity, understanding others’ mind, and decentration.

Conclusion

These results delineate an articulated panorama of relations between different dimensions of metacognition, visual learning, and conceptual disorganization. Therefore, studies unable to distinguish between different components of metacognition fail to bring out the possibly varying links between neurocognition, disorganization, and metacognition.
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in pregnant women in Kilifi, Kenya from March 2020 to March 2022
Authors: Koech Angela , Omuse Geoffrey , Mugo Alex G. , Mwaniki Isaac G. , Mutunga Joseph M. , Mukhanya Moses W. , Wanje Onesmus , Mwashigadi Grace M. , Katana Geoffrey G. , Craik Rachel , von Dadelszen Peter , Le Doare Kirsty , Temmerman Marleen ,   periCOVID-Africa,   The PRECISE Network
Published: December 2023

Background

Seroprevalence studies are an alternative approach to estimating the extent of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the evolution of the pandemic in different geographical settings. We aimed to determine the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence from March 2020 to March 2022 in a rural and urban setting in Kilifi County, Kenya.

Methods

We obtained representative random samples of stored serum from a pregnancy cohort study for the period March 2020 to March 2022 and tested for antibodies against the spike protein using a qualitative SARS-CoV-2 ELISA kit (Wantai, total antibodies). All positive samples were retested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid antibodies (Euroimmun, ELISA kits, NCP, qualitative, IgG) and anti-spike protein antibodies (Euroimmun, ELISA kits, QuantiVac; quantitative, IgG).

Results

A total of 2,495 (of 4,703 available) samples were tested. There was an overall trend of increasing seropositivity from a low of 0% [95% CI 0–0.06] in March 2020 to a high of 89.4% [95% CI 83.36–93.82] in Feb 2022. Of the Wantai test-positive samples, 59.7% (95% CI 57.06–62.34) tested positive by the Euroimmun anti-SARS-CoV-2 NCP test and 75.9% (95% CI 73.55–78.17) tested positive by the Euroimmun anti-SARS-CoV-2 QuantiVac test. No differences were observed between the urban and rural hospital but villages adjacent to the major highway traversing the study area had a higher seroprevalence.

Conclusion

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence rose rapidly, with most of the population exposed to SARS-CoV-2 within 23 months of the first cases. The high cumulative seroprevalence suggests greater population exposure to SARS-CoV-2 than that reported from surveillance data.
Hydrological assessment of different satellite precipitation products in semi-arid basins in Morocco
Authors: El Khalki El Mahdi , Tramblay Yves , Saidi Mohamed Elmehdi , Marchane Ahmed , Chehbouni Abdelghani
Published: December 2023

In data-sparse regions and in developing countries such as Morocco, where flooding has serious socio-economic impacts, satellite-based precipitation products open new possibilities for monitoring and modelling water resources and floods. The objective of the study is to explore the possibility of using satellite precipitation products (SPPs) with hydrological models (CREST and MISDc) over 9 basins in Morocco. This work provides a hydrological assessment of three SPPs that have demonstrated good capabilities in reproducing precipitation over different basins in Morocco (GPM IMERG – PERSIANN CDR (PERCDR) and CHIRPS). The two hydrological models are coupled with a stochastic calibration method to provide the different ranges of uncertainties. In addition, we investigate the ability of SPPs on reproducing the November 2014 flood event that affected a large part of Morocco. The results indicated that, in calibration, both hydrological models provided similar performance to reproduce river discharge with observed precipitation or PERSIANN CDR. In validation, the combination of the MISDc model with PERSIANN CDR performed the best, notably allowing a good simulation of the flood hydrographs during the November 2014 event. Future analysis of relationships between SPPs, basin properties, and hydrological modelling technique will allow to find the appropriate combination for different application purposes.
The development of a systematic ultrasound protocol facilitates the visualization of foreign bodies within the canine distal limb
Authors: Schoenfeld Ebony , Combs Martin , Callcott Esther , Jermyn Kieri , Rotne Randi
Published: December 2023

Ultrasonography is an excellent investigative tool that can assist with the diagnosis of soft tissue conditions. In human medicine, ultrasonography is a fundamental diagnostic tool for the investigation of suspected vegetal foreign bodies (VFB), with protocol-based ultrasonography providing increased accuracy compared to lesion-focused examinations. Protocol-based ultrasonography is an emerging tool within the veterinary field, however, compared to human medicine is not routinely employed. The objective of this study was to develop a systematic ultrasound protocol to examine the distal limb for the visualization of vegetal foreign bodies (SUEDVEG). A 12 MHz linear and an 18 MHz high-frequency small-footprint linear array transducer was used on cadaver forelimbs (n = 6) and hindlimbs (n = 6) with images obtained from three common foreign body locations within the distal limb; 1; the interdigital webbing, 2; the palmar/plantar aspect of the phalanges and metacarpus and 3; the dorsal region of the phalanges and metacarpus. From these images, a 13-step systematic musculoskeletal protocol was developed and utilized on eight clinical cases or 10 limbs that had signs typical of distal limb VFB to preliminarily validate the proposed method. Vegetal foreign bodies were successfully identified and retrieved in seven (n = 8) clinical cases with method steps 9 and 11 (orthogonal views) identifying the majority of VFBs. The described ultrasound method appears highly useful for visualizing soft tissue locations of the canine distal limb known for tracking foreign bodies. Further studies are required to validate the described systematic examination method as the preferred clinical protocol over currently used lesion-focused exploration techniques.
Determination of Fast Battery-Charging Profiles Using an Electrochemical Model and a Direct Optimal Control Approach
Authors: Gonzalez-Saenz Julio , Becerra Victor
Published: December 2023

This paper describes an approach to determine a fast-charging profile for a lithium-ion battery by utilising a simplified single-particle electrochemical model and direct collocation methods for optimal control. An optimal control problem formulation and a direct solution approach were adopted to address the problem effectively. The results shows that, in some cases, the optimal current profile resembles the current profile in the Constant Current–Constant Voltage charging protocol. Several challenges and knowledge gaps were addressed in this work, including a reformulation of the optimal control problem that utilises direct methods as an alternative to overcome the limitations of indirect methods employed in similar studies. The proposed formulation considers the minimum-time optimal control case, trade-offs between the total charging time, the maximisation of the lithium bulk concentration, and energy efficiency, along with inequality constraints and other factors not previously considered in the literature, which can be helpful in practical applications.
Unlocking the Medicinal Mysteries: Preventing Lacunar Stroke with Drug Repurposing
Authors: Zhang Linjing , Wang Fan , Xia Kailin , Yu Zhou , Fu Yu , Huang Tao , Fan Dongsheng
Published: December 2023

Currently, only the general control of the risk factors is known to prevent lacunar cerebral infarction, but it is unknown which type of medication for controlling the risk factors has a causal relationship with reducing the risk of lacunar infarction. To unlock this medical mystery, drug-target Mendelian randomization analysis was applied to estimate the effect of common antihypertensive agents, hypolipidemic agents, and hypoglycemic agents on lacunar stroke. Lacunar stroke data for the transethnic analysis were derived from meta-analyses comprising 7338 cases and 254,798 controls. We have confirmed that genetic variants mimicking calcium channel blockers were found to most stably prevent lacunar stroke. The genetic variants at or near HMGCR, NPC1L1, and APOC3 were predicted to decrease lacunar stroke incidence in drug-target MR analysis. These variants mimic the effects of statins, ezetimibe, and antisense anti-apoC3 agents, respectively. Genetically proxied GLP1R agonism had a marginal effect on lacunar stroke, while a genetically proxied improvement in overall glycemic control was associated with reduced lacunar stroke risk. Here, we show that certain categories of drugs currently used in clinical practice can more effectively reduce the risk of stroke. Repurposing several drugs with well-established safety and low costs for lacunar stroke prevention should be given high priority when doctors are making decisions in clinical practice. This may contribute to healthier brain aging.
The Therapeutic Potential of Pericytes in Bone Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Issabekova Assel , Kudaibergen Gulshakhar , Sekenova Aliya , Dairov Aidar , Sarsenova Madina , Mukhlis Sholpan , Temirzhan Abay , Baidarbekov Murat , Eskendirova Saule , Ogay Vyacheslav
Published: December 2023

Pericytes, as perivascular cells, are present in all vascularized organs and tissues, and they actively interact with endothelial cells in capillaries and microvessels. Their involvement includes functions like blood pressure regulation, tissue regeneration, and scarring. Studies have confirmed that pericytes play a crucial role in bone tissue regeneration through direct osteodifferentiation processes, paracrine actions, and vascularization. Recent preclinical and clinical experiments have shown that combining perivascular cells with osteogenic factors and tissue-engineered scaffolds can be therapeutically effective in restoring bone defects. This approach holds promise for addressing bone-related medical conditions. In this review, we have emphasized the characteristics of pericytes and their involvement in angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Furthermore, we have explored recent advancements in the use of pericytes in preclinical and clinical investigations, indicating their potential as a therapeutic resource in clinical applications.
The Role of Cancer Stem Cell Markers in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Frąszczak Karolina , Barczyński Bartłomiej
Published: December 2023

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynaecological cancer and the eighth most common female cancer. The early diagnosis of ovarian cancer remains a clinical problem despite the significant development of technology. Nearly 70% of patients with ovarian cancer are diagnosed with stages III–IV metastatic disease. Reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are currently lacking. Ovarian cancer recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy pose vital problems and translate into poor outcomes. Cancer stem cells appear to be responsible for tumour recurrence resulting from chemotherapeutic resistance. These cells are also crucial for tumour initiation due to the ability to self-renew, differentiate, avoid immune destruction, and promote inflammation and angiogenesis. Studies have confirmed an association between CSC occurrence and resistance to chemotherapy, subsequent metastases, and cancer relapses. Therefore, the elimination of CSCs appears important for overcoming drug resistance and improving prognoses. This review focuses on the expression of selected ovarian CSC markers, including CD133, CD44, CD24, CD117, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, which show potential prognostic significance. Some markers expressed on the surface of CSCs correlate with clinical features and can be used for the diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer. However, due to the heterogeneity and plasticity of CSCs, the determination of specific CSC phenotypes is difficult.
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and Inadequacy of Care: Importance of Raising Awareness in Clinical Practice
Authors: Lesinskienė Sigita , Žilinskas Emilijus , Utkus Algirdas , Marčiukaitytė Rūta , Vasiliauskaitė Gabrielė , Stankevičiūtė Rugilė , Kinčinienė Odeta
Published: December 2023

Prenatal alcohol exposure is one of the major avoidable causes of developmental disruption and health abnormalities in children. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs), a significant consequence of prenatal alcohol exposure, have gained more attention recently. This review aims to provide a narrative approach to the scientific literature on the history, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of FASDs. A literature search in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar online databases was conducted. The dates of publications ranged from 2000 to 2023. FASD presentations tend to persist into adulthood, which, combined with environmental factors, potentially lead to secondary psychosocial problems and disabilities. This review covers different aspects of FASDs regarding the concept of the umbrella term and public health, somatic, and psychiatric perspectives. FASD management remains an obstacle to health professionals, and mental health problems are underestimated. Its management involves a multi-disciplinary team, which varies according to the patient’s individual needs. FASD diagnosis and management have not been sufficiently established and tailored. Stigma, cultural contexts, knowledge gaps, and the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations are significant barriers to an accurate diagnostic process. Further development of early interventions and the elaboration of complex treatment approaches are needed.
Impact of Child and Family Factors on Caregivers’ Mental Health and Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece
Authors: Papadopoulos Dimitrios
Published: December 2023

Although primary caregivers of children with developmental disabilities (DDs) experience higher levels of distress than primary caregivers of typically developing children do, this problem has received limited attention in Greece. Therefore, this study examined mental health and associated factors among primary caregivers of children with and without DDs in Greece during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study included 156 participants. Primary caregivers completed a self-report survey on sociodemographic characteristics, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 items, and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Primary caregivers of children with DDs, particularly mothers, reported more mental health problems and higher levels of psychological distress than the control group. Among families parenting a child with disabilities, caregivers’ psychological distress was significantly related to having a child with autism spectrum disorder and the severity of the child’s behavioral difficulties. Significant predictors of caregivers’ distress were the parent being female, the child being male, a single-parent family, a lower income, and higher depressive symptoms. Caregivers raising children with DDs face unique challenges in terms of care, necessitating the development of family-based interventions to improve the social-emotional well-being and overall quality of life for both parents and children.
Designing a Twin Frequency Control DC-DC Buck Converter Using Accurate Load Current Sensing Technique
Authors: Kok Chiang Liang , Siek Liter
Published: December 2023

In this paper, a buck DC-DC converter with the proposed twin frequency control scheme (TFCS) and accurate load current sensing (ALCS) was designed and implemented with 0.18 µm CMOS technology for a supply voltage ranging from 2.0 to 3.0 V, which is compatible with state-of-the-art batteries (NiCd/NiMH: 1.1–2 V, Li-Ion: 2.5–4.2 V). The proposed converter yields a peak efficiency of about 92.7% with a load current of 30 mA. Furthermore, it only occupies a silicon area of 1.3 mm2. The proposed buck converter is dedicated for smartphone applications whereby it spends most of its time in idle, low load conditions.