bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMISTRY OF DIHYDROPINOL AND 1,8‐CINEOL DERIVATIVES. PART IV. ISOMERIC C EPOXY ALCOHOLS AND GLYCOLS FROM THE DIHYDROPINOL SYSTEM
Authors: MROZINSKA D. , PIATKOWSKI K.
Published: April 2016

Hydroborierung/Oxidation des 1‐Hydroxy‐cis‐2,3‐pinols (I) liefert als Hauptprodukt (85% des Reaktionsgemisches) die Verbindung (II).
ChemInform Abstract: CONDENSATION OF 2α‐HYDROXYPINOCAMPHONE WITH DIETHYL MALONATE
Authors: RYKOWSKI Z. , CHABUDZINSKI Z.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Titelreaktion von (I) mit (II) entsteht über (III) das Lacton (IV), das bei Ammonolyse das Lacton (V) und durch alkalische Spaltung das Lacton (VII) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF SLOW REACTING SUBSTANCES (SRS). “LEUKOTRIENE C‐2” (11‐TRANS‐LEUKOTRIENE C) AND LEUKOTRIENE D
Authors: COREY E. J. , CLARK D. A. , MARFAT A. , GOTO G.
Published: April 2016

Die Herstellung von 1 l‐trans‐Leucotrien C (II) und Leucotrien D (III), den Analoga des Leucotrien C (I) wird untersucht wobei der erste Schritt in einer Wittigreaktion zwischen (IV) und (V) zum polyunge‐ sättigten Epoxy‐ester (VI) besteht, der weiter in bekannter Weise modifiziert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW APPROACH TO ALKYL α‐THIOGLYCOSIDES: CIS‐HYDROXYLATION OF ALKYL 2,3‐DIDEOXY‐1‐THIO‐α‐GLYC‐2‐ENOPYRANOSIDES
Authors: PRIEBE W. , ZAMOJSKI A.
Published: April 2016

cis‐Hydroxylierung der Titelverbindungen (Ia), (Ic) bzw. (Id) mit OsO4 liefert die Produkte (II) bzw. (nach Acetylierung) (III) bzw. (IVa) + (IVb).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 4‐DEOXY‐D‐LYXO‐HEXOSE
Authors: RASMUSSEN J. R.
Published: April 2016

Methyl‐a‐D‐mannopyranosid (I) liefert in der angegebenen Weise über (II) und (III) die 4‐Desoxy‐D‐lyxo‐hexose (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF OLIGORIBONUCLEOTIDES. VI. THE SYNTHESIS OF A HEXADECAMER BY A BLOCK CONDENSATION APPROACH
Authors: OGILVIE K. K. , NEMER M. J.
Published: April 2016

Die Nucleoside (Ia) werden sukzessiv zu den Derivaten (Ib) bzw. (Ic) umgesetzt; die jeweiligen entsprechenden 2′,T‐di‐O‐substituierten Isomeren sind analog erhältlich.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF DL‐12,15‐ETHYLENE‐13,14‐DIHYDROPROSTAGLANDIN‐F2α METHYL ESTER
Authors: HAMANAKA N. , NAKAI H. , KURONO M.
Published: April 2016

Im Zusammenhang mit den physiologischen Eigenschaften von Prostaglandin wird die Titelverbindung (VIIc) synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: OPEN‐CHAIN SUGAR DITHIOACETALES AS BUILDING UNITS IN THE SYNTHESIS OF NATURAL PRODUCTS. 1. OPTICALLY ACTIVE CHALCOGRAN (2‐ETHYL‐1,6‐DIOXASPIRO(4.4)NONANE)
Authors: REDLICH H. , FRANCKE W.
Published: April 2016

Zur Untersuchung der Artspezifität der Chiralität werden (2R,5RS)‐ (VI) und (2S,5RS)‐Chalcogran (XI) ‐ Aggregationspheromone des Fichtenborkenkäfers ‐ dargestellt (Ausb. sind generell nicht angegeben).
ChemInform Abstract: MIXING CALORIMETRY
Authors: BECKER F.
Published: April 2016

Review: Es wird eine zusammenfassende Darstellung der Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der inkrementweisen und der kontinuierlichen Bestimmung der Mischungsenthalpien von Flüssigkeiten gegeben.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Structures and Superconductivities of Calcium—Lithium Alloys at High Pressures: A First‐Principles Study.
Authors: Xu Ying , Chen Changbo , Wang Sihan , Sun Xiuping
Published: April 2016

The crystal structures of Ca—Li alloys are investigated in the pressure range 0—200 GPa using a structure search method based on particle‐swarm optimization algorithms in combination with DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Binary B4S4 Rhombic Clusters as Promising Inorganic Ligands for Triple‐Decker Sandwich Complexes.
Authors: Li Da‐Zhi , Zhang Shi‐Guo , Dong Chen‐Chu
Published: April 2016

C2v B4S4 (I) and D2h B4S4‐ (II) with rhombic B2S2 as the core are the global minimum structures of multi‐decker metallic sandwich clusters and their infinite 1D molecular wires.
ChemInform Abstract: Field‐Insensitive Heavy Fermion Features and Phase Transition in the Caged‐Structure Quasi‐Skutterudite Sm3Ru4Ge13.
Authors: Nair Harikrishnan S. , Kumar K. Ramesh , Britz Douglas , Ghosh Sarit K. , Reinke Christian , Strydom Andre M.
Published: April 2016

The title compound (obtained by arc‐melting of the elements followed by annealing at 900 °C for 7 d) is characterized by powder XRD, magnetization, specific heat, resistivity, and thermal conductivity measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanostructured Amorphous Nickel Boride for High‐Efficiency Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution over a Broad pH Range.
Authors: Zeng Min , Wang Hao , Zhao Chong , Wei Jiake , Qi Kuo , Wang Wenlong , Bai Xuedong
Published: April 2016

Nanospheres (80 nm) of Ni—B alloy with a Ni:B ratio of 2.7:1 are prepared by electroless plating on a glassy carbon electrode (1 mg/cm2) which prior to this is activated by applying a 2 V potential vs.
ChemInform Abstract: Understanding Co‐Mo Catalyzed Ammonia Decomposition: Influence of Calcination Atmosphere and Identification of Active Phase.
Authors: Duan Xuezhi , Ji Jian , Yan Xiaodong , Qian Gang , Chen De , Zhou Xinggui
Published: April 2016

Co(en)3MoO4 as an NH3 decomposition catalyst precursor is calcined in argon or air (600 °C, 3 h) and then reduced in pure H2 (600 °C, 3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Neodymium Uranyl Peroxide Synthesis by Ion Exchange on Ammonium Uranyl Peroxide Nanoclusters.
Authors: Blanchard F. , Ellart M. , Rivenet M. , Vigier N. , Hablot I. , Morel B. , Grandjean S. , Abraham F.
Published: April 2016

In view of a potential application of uranyl peroxides in mixed oxide (MOX) nuclear fuel fabrication from the PUREX process, it is demonstrated that an ammonium uranyl peroxide crown nanocluster (NH4)40 [(UO2)32(O2,(OH)2)52] ·nH2O (U32R‐NH4) undergoes an exchange reaction between NH4+ and Nd3+, Th4+, or Sr2+ cations.
ChemInform Abstract: Structurally Defined Molecular Hypervalent Iodine Catalysts for Intermolecular Enantioselective Reactions.
Authors: Haubenreisser Stefan , Woeste Thorsten H. , Martinez Claudio , Ishihara Kazuaki , Muniz Kilian
Published: April 2016

A newly synthesized chiral hypervalent iodine(III) catalyst is used in the enantioselective dioxygenation of alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral N‐Heterocyclic Carbene/Lewis Acid Cooperative Catalysis of the Reaction of 2‐Aroylvinylcinnamaldehydes: A Switch of the Reaction Pathway by Lewis Acid Activation.
Authors: Wang Zhan‐Yong , Ding Ya‐Li , Wang Gang , Cheng Ying
Published: April 2016

While chiral triazole carbenes catalyze an intramolecular cyclization reaction of title compounds (I), a combination of triazole carbene and Ti(OiPr)4 catalyzes the intramolecular dimerization to afford indeno‐furan‐derivatives (II) with high stereoselectivities under the same reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Chitosan: Magnetic and Biodegradable Heterogeneous Catalyst for Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Alkyl Arenes and Alcohols.
Authors: Shaabani Ahmad , Boroujeni Mahmoud Borjian , Sangachin Mona Hamidzad
Published: April 2016

The novel cobalt—chitosan compound is used as a magnetic heterogeneous catalyst for the aerobic oxidation of alkyl arenes and alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Selective Method for the Iodination and Bromination of Alcohols under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Khazdooz Leila , Zarei Amin , Aghaei Hamidreza , Azizi Ghobad , Gheisari Mohammad Mehdi
Published: April 2016

Competitive reactions reveal that the developed KX/P2O5 system allows the selective conversion of benzylic alcohols in the presence of aliphatic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Knoevenagel Adducts as Trimethylenemethane Dipole Surrogates.
Authors: Vertesaljai Peter , Navaratne Primali V. , Grenning Alexander J.
Published: April 2016

A novel strategy is disclosed for the difunctionalization of Knoevenagel adducts (I) and (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective NHC‐Catalyzed Redox [2 + 2] Cycloadditions with Perfluoroketones: A Route to Fluorinated Oxetanes.
Authors: Davies Alyn T. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Smith Andrew D.
Published: April 2016

The [2+2] cycloaddition between α‐aroyloxyaldehydes and perfluoroalkylketones, followed by in situ ring‐opening affords a variety of perfluoroalkyl β‐hydroxy carbonyl compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Heptafluoroisopropylation of Arylboronic Acids via Hexafluoropropene (HFP).
Authors: Li Yajun , Wang Xiaojun , Guo Yuwei , Zhu Zhentong , Wu Yongming , Gong Yuefa
Published: April 2016

The reaction tolerates a series of arylboronic acid derivatives bearing both electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Reactions of N‐Allylanilines with Diazo Compounds Involving Aza‐Claisen Rearrangement.
Authors: Badamshin Alexander G. , Spirikhin Leonid V. , Salikov Rinat F. , Dokichev Vladimir A. , Tomilov Yury V.
Published: April 2016

The decomposition of diazo compounds in the presence of N‐allylanilines and rare‐earth metal triflates involves a [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement of the intermediate ylide with migration of the allyl substituent to an ortho position of the aromatic ring, whereas thermal decomposition without using rare‐earth metal triflates occurs through a [2,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement with migration of the allyl moiety to the ylide centre (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Arylation/Heteroarylation of Chiral α‐Aminomethyltrifluoroborates by Synergistic Iridium Photoredox/Nickel Cross‐Coupling Catalysis.
Authors: El Khatib Mirna , Serafim Ricardo Augusto Massarico , Molander Gary A.
Published: April 2016

Novel enantiopure amino acid derivatives are obtained starting from inexpensive natural amino acids.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Benzoylacetonitriles Through Sequential Pd‐Catalyzed Carbonylation and Decarboxylation.
Authors: Lee Sunwoo , Kim Han‐Sung , Min Hongkeun , Pyo Ayoung
Published: April 2016

The carbonylation of aryl iodides (I) and methyl cyanoacetate (II) using Mo(CO)6 (III) as a carbon monoxide source affords β‐keto cyanoesters.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd/CuO Nanoparticles as a Highly Effective Catalyst for the Cyanation of Aryl Halides under Ligand‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Nasrollahzadeh Mahmoud
Published: April 2016

The catalyst can be easily recovered and reused several times without significant loss in activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Spirooxindole Derivatives Through 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides and Their Antitubercular Activity.
Authors: Rouatbi Fadwa , Askri Moheddine , Nana Frederic , Kirsch Gilbert , Sriram Dharmarajan , Yogeeswari Perumal
Published: April 2016

Non‐stabilized azomethine ylides, generated in situ from isatin (II) or quinone (VI) and L‐proline (III), are reacted with bis(arylidene)indan‐2‐ones (I) as dipolarophiles in a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Ynamides and Cyclization by the Vilsmeier Reagent to Dihydrofuran‐2(3H)‐ones.
Authors: Zhang Zhaocheng , Kumar Rapolu Kiran , Li Guangzhi , Wu Dongmei , Bi Xihe
Published: April 2016

The nucleophilic addition of vinyl azide (II) to propargylic alcohols (I) is accompanied by a Schmidt rearrangement to afford 4‐ynamides, which are converted into dihydrofuranones by an intramolecular Vilsmeier cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Intermolecular [2 + 2 + 1] Carbonylative Cycloaddition of Aldehydes with Alkynes, and Subsequent Oxidation to γ‐Hydroxybutenolides by a Supported Ruthenium Catalyst.
Authors: Miura Hiroki , Takeuchi Kazuki , Shishido Tetsuya
Published: April 2016

Aromatic aldehydes and internal diarylalkynes (II) undergo a three‐component cycloaddition in the presence of a heterogeneous Ru‐CeO2 catalyst to yield γ‐hydroxybutenolides after stirring in air.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Synthesis of Benzo[b]thiophenes via Iron(III) Mediated 5‐endo‐dig Iodocyclization of 2‐Alkynylthioanisoles.
Authors: Kesharwani Tanay , Kornman Cory T. , Tonnaer Amanda L. , Royappa Andrew D.
Published: April 2016

Key to this reaction is the formation of elemental iodine from FeCl3 and NaI.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Regioselective C7‐Functionalization of N‐Pivaloylindoles.
Authors: Xu Lanting , Zhang Chao , He Yupeng , Tan Lushi , Ma Dawei
Published: April 2016

An efficient Rh‐catalyzed C‐H alkenylation of N‐pivaloyl indoles with activated olefins is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Substrate‐Controlled Rh(II)‐Catalyzed Single‐Electron‐Transfer (SET): Divergent Synthesis of Fused Indoles.
Authors: Chen Kai , Zhu Zi‐Zhong , Liu Jia‐Xin , Tang Xiang‐Ying , Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: April 2016

Styryl azides (I), (III), (V), (VII) and (IX) undergo Rh‐catalyzed intramolecular ring expansion producing a series of indole‐fused azetidines (II) and 1H‐carbazoles or related derivatives (IV), (VI), (VIII) and (X), resp., in moderate to good yields via a Rh2(III,II) nitrene radical.
ChemInform Abstract: KI‐Catalyzed Ring Expansion Reaction of trans‐NH‐Ketoaziridines to New trans‐Oxazolidines.
Authors: Samimi Heshmat A. , Yamin Bohari M.
Published: April 2016

The regio‐ and stereocontrolled ring expansion of ketoaziridines (I) with phenylisocyanate (II) affords 2‐iminooxazolidines (III) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Catalyzed Transformation of Alkynes and Alkenes with Azide and Dimethyl Sulfoxide Reagents
Authors: Shen Tao , Huang Xiaoqiang , Liang Yu‐Feng , Jiao Ning
Published: April 2016

as a facile route for the synthesis of 1‐((alkylthio)methyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazoles
ChemInform Abstract: A Short and Efficient Synthesis of 5,5′‐Bi‐1,2,3‐dithiazoles.
Authors: Konstantinova Lidia S. , Bol'shakov Oleg I. , Baranovsky Ilia V. , Bogacheva Anna M. , Strunyasheva Vlada V. , Rakitin Oleg A.
Published: April 2016

The title dithiazoles are obtained by reaction of arylethanone oximes with S2Cl2 followed by treatment with copper powder.
ChemInform Abstract: An N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Oxidative γ‐Aminoalkylation of Saturated Carboxylic Acids Through in situ Activation Strategy: Access to δ‐Lactam.
Authors: Que Yonglei , Xie Yuanwei , Li Tuanjie , Yu Chenxia , Tu Shujiang , Yao Changsheng
Published: April 2016

A series of chiral δ‐lactams (III) and (V) is prepared with high enantioselectivity by NHC‐catalyzed oxidative γ‐aminoalkylation of carboxylic acids (II) with acylhydrazones.
ChemInform Abstract: Domino 6‐endo‐Dig Cyclization/Halogenation Reactions: Three‐Component Synthesis of 1,3‐Disubstituted 4‐Haloimidazo[1,2‐a:4,5‐c′]dipyridines.
Authors: Enguehard‐Gueiffier Cecile , Delaye Pierre‐Olivier , Penichon Melanie , Denevault‐Sabourin Caroline , Allouchi Hassan , Gueiffier Alain
Published: April 2016

The title haloimidazodipyridines are obtained by regiocontrolled one‐pot three‐step 6‐endo‐dig cyclization of ethynylimidazopyridine‐carbonitriles using Grignard reagents and iodine.
ChemInform Abstract: Pot, Atom and Step Economic (PASE) Synthesis of 5‐Isoxazolyl‐5H‐chromeno[2,3‐b]pyridine Scaffold.
Authors: Vereshchagin Anatoly N. , Elinson Michail N. , Anisina Yuliya E. , Ryzhkov Fedor V. , Goloveshkin Alexander S. , Bushmarinov Ivan S. , Zlotin Sergey G. , Egorov Mikhail P.
Published: April 2016

The title scaffolds are easily accessible by a new multicomponent reaction of various salicylaldehydes (I), tricarbonitrile derivative (II), and isoxazol derivative (III).
ChemInform Abstract: New Method for the Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,3‐b]dihydroquinolines.
Authors: Syniugin Anatolii R. , Chekanov Maksym O. , Savitskiy Pavel V. , Pashenko Alexander E. , Zhuk Tatyana S. , Yarmoluk Sergiy M. , Fokin Andrey A.
Published: April 2016

Intramolecular cyclization of (quinolin‐3‐yl)ethylamines, formed in situ via deprotection of the N‐phthaloyl derivatives (I), affords title compounds (II) (9 examples) in good to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Synthesis of Furo[2,3‐c]pyridazin‐4(1H)‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Kelemen Adam Andor , Szabo Balazs Peter , Kovacs Peter , Keseru Gyoergy Miklos
Published: April 2016

The synthesis of the title species (III) and (V) is based on the LDA‐mediated intramolecular cyclization of hydrazones (II).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Novel Pyrimido[4,5‐b]quinolines and Pyrido[2,3‐d:6,5d′]dipyrimidines Using Encapsulated‐ γ‐Fe2O3 Nanoparticles.
Authors: Mohsenimehr Moona , Mamaghani Manouchehr , Shirini Farhad , Sheykhan Mehdi , Abbaspour Sima , Shafei Sabet Leila
Published: April 2016

10 Pyrimidoquinolines (IV) and 14 pyridodipyrimidines (VII) are prepared using a sulfonic‐acid supported hydroxyapatite‐encapsulated ‐γ‐Fe2O3 as magnetically recoverable catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation of Bioactive Biphenyl Compounds from the Twigs of Chaenomeles sinensis.
Authors: Kim Chung Sub , Subedi Lalita , Kwon Oh Kil , Kim Sun Yeou , Yeo Eui‐Ju , Choi Sang Un , Lee Kang Ro
Published: April 2016

The new compound chaenomin (I) is isolated from the MeOH extract of the twigs of Chaenomeles sinensis together with six known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Aspernigrins with anti‐HIV‐1 Activities from the Marine‐Derived Fungus Aspergillus niger SCSIO Jcsw6F30.
Authors: Zhou Xuefeng , Fang Wei , Tan Suiyi , Lin Xiuping , Xun Tianrong , Yang Bingjie , Liu Shuwen , Liu Yonghong
Published: April 2016

Aspernigrin C (Ia) and D (Ib) are isolated as new compounds together with six known compounds from the marine‐derived fungus Aspergillus niger SCSIO Jcsw6F30.
ChemInform Abstract: Bromotyrosine‐Derived Metabolites from an Indonesian Marine Sponge in the Family Aplysinellidae (Order Verongiida).
Authors: Dai Jingqiu , Parrish Stephen M. , Yoshida Wesley Y. , Yip M.L. Richard , Turkson James , Kelly Michelle , Williams Philip
Published: April 2016

isolation and structure elucidation of purpuramine M (Ia) and purpuramine N (Ib), araplysillin VII (IIa), araplysillin VIII (IIb), araplysillin IX (III), araplysillin X (IVa), and araplysillin XI (IVb)
ChemInform Abstract: Critical Properties of Cu6Sn5 in Electronic Devices: Recent Progress and a Review
Authors: Mu D. K. , McDonald S. D. , Read J. , Huang H. , Nogita K.
Published: April 2016

Review: 189 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Evolution in the Chemical Making of Gold Oxidation Catalysts
Authors: Vigneron Fabrice , Caps Valerie
Published: April 2016

Review: 98 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Thallium‐Based Topological Insulators
Authors: Babanly M. B. , Jafarov Y. I. , Aliev Z. S. , Amiraslanov I. R.
Published: April 2016

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Research Progress on Polyoxometalate‐Based Transition‐Metal—Rare‐Earth Heterometallic Derived Materials: Synthetic Strategies, Structural Overview and Functional Applications
Authors: Zhao Jun‐Wei , Li Yan‐Zhou , Chen Li‐Juan , Yang Guo‐Yu
Published: April 2016

Review: [267 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pentannulation of Heterocycles by Virtue of Precious Metal Catalysis
Authors: Petrovic Martina , Occhiato Ernesto G.
Published: April 2016

Review: [75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Capturing Biological Activity in Natural Product Fragments by Chemical Synthesis
Authors: Crane Erika A. , Gademann Karl
Published: April 2016

Review: [139 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective C—H Functionalization in Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Motevalli Somayeh , Sokeirik Yasser , Ghanem Ashraf
Published: April 2016

Review: [54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Strategies Toward Natural Products Containing Contiguous Stereogenic Quaternary Carbon Atoms
Authors: Bueschleb Martin , Dorich Stephane , Hanessian Stephen , Tao Daniel , Schenthal Kyle B. , Overman Larry E.
Published: April 2016

Review: [158 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross Coupling Reactions Catalyzed by (NHC)Pd(II) Complexes
Authors: Gurbuz Nevin , Karaca Emine Ozge , Ozdemir Ismail , Cetinkaya Bekir
Published: April 2016

Review: 139 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bisurea‐Based Supramolecular Polymers: From Structure to Properties
Authors: Isare Benjamin , Pensec Sandrine , Raynal Matthieu , Bouteiller Laurent
Published: April 2016

Review: 94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Contribution of Heterobifunctional Ligands to Transition Metal‐Catalyzed C—C Coupling Reactions
Authors: Labande Agnes , Deydier Eric , Manoury Eric , Daran Jean‐Claude , Audin Catherine , Poli Rinaldo
Published: April 2016

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Diastereoselective Catalysis ‐ A Powerful Strategy Toward C(15) Stereoselectivity from PGF2α Analogues Structure
Authors: Coman Simona M. , Parvulescu Vasile I.
Published: April 2016

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Assembling of Supramolecular Capsules with Resorcin[4]arene and Calix[n]arene Building Blocks
Authors: Gangemi Chiara M. A. , Pappalardo Andrea , Sfrazzetto Giuseppe Trusso
Published: April 2016

Review: 267 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Variation of the Cation of Ionic Liquids: The Effects on Their Physicochemical Properties and Reaction Outcome
Authors: Hawker Rebecca R. , Haines Ronald S. , Harper Jason B.
Published: April 2016

Review: 140 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Drugs from Nature Targeting Inflammation (DNTI): A Successful Austrian Interdisciplinary Network Project
Authors: Dirsch Verena M. , et al.
Published: April 2016

Review: 68 refs.
Effects of particle size on the catalytic performance of MWCNTs supported alkalized MoS2 catalysts promoted by Ni and Co in higher alcohols synthesis
Authors: Tavasoli Ahmad , Kiai Rohollah M. , Karimi Ali
Published: April 2016

A series of nano‐sized alkalized MoS2 catalysts promoted by Ni and Co supported on multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared via the reverse microemulsion technique with water to surfactant (W/S) molar ratios (molwater · mol−1surfactant) of 1–12. All prepared catalysts were extensively characterized by ICP, BET, CO chemisorption, XRD, TPR, and TEM techniques. They were assessed in a fixed‐bed micro‐reactor to find their performance in higher alcohol synthesis from syngas. The results were compared with those of the catalyst prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method with similar elemental composition. The results showed the relationship of catalyst physicochemical properties and performances to preparation method and average metal particle sizes. Calculated average particle sizes for prepared catalysts via microemulsion showed a decreasing trend with a decrease in W/S ratio. It decreased from 17.4 to 5.26 nm for W/S ratios of 12 to 1, respectively. Similarly, the average particle size for prepared catalysts with the impregnation method was 18.78 nm. The nano‐catalyst prepared via microemulsion with W/S of 1 showed the best performance for CO conversion and higher alcohol selectivity of 66.83 and 37.76, respectively. It was concluded that decreased particle sizes increased the active surface area of the Ni and Co promoted alkalized MoS2/MWCNTs catalysts and increased the fraction of metal particles located inside the CNTs, which in turn improved the catalyst performance.
Investigation into mean residence time and filling factor in flighted rotary torrefier
Authors: Nhuchhen Daya R. , Basu Prabir , Acharya Bishnu
Published: April 2016

Torrefaction can upgrade the properties of biomass, making it similar to coal. This study develops an innovative indirectly heated two‐stage rotating drum‐type torrefier where biomass moves due to the rotation of inclined cylindrical reactors. The rotary reactors consist of three rectangular flights placed axially along the reactor. This paper mainly investigates the mean residence time and filling factor of reactors operated at steady and plug flow conditions. Semi‐empirical expressions using dimensionless correction constants for the mean residence time and the filling factor were proposed. Experiments keeping a constant solid flow rate at the dryer inlet were conducted in order to measure filling factor and mean residence time at different angular speeds and inclinations of reactors (dryer and torrefier). Mean residence times of 5.8 min at 8 rpm and 3°, and of 27.5 min at 4 rpm and 1° were found in the dryer (diameter: 64 mm, length: 610 mm), whereas they were 4.7 and 21.4 min in the torrefier (diameter: 100 mm, length: 762 mm) at respective operating conditions. Filling factors of 3.0 % at 8 rpm and 3°, and 14.3 % at 4 rpm and 1° were found in the dryer, whereas they were 0.8 % and 3.6 % in the torrefier at the corresponding angular speed and inclination. Measured and predicted mean residence times were also compared and validated against those of other investigators. The proposed expressions, which include the effects of different operating and geometrical parameters, have strong predictive power and may be useful in scaling‐up a rotary torrefier.
Response to Survivors of Aortic Dissection: Activity, Mental Health, and Sexual Function; and Exercise and Physical Activity for the Post–Aortic Dissection Patient: The Clinician's Conundrum
Authors: Martín María , de la Hera Jesús , Rozado José , Iglesias Daniel García , Morís César , Calvo Juan , Cabo Rubén Alvarez
Published: April 2016

Chaddha A et al. Clin Cardiol. 2015;38:652–659.

Chaddha A et al. Clin Cardiol. 2015;38:647–651.
Influences of Rainfall Intensity and Leaf Area on Corn Stemflow: Development of a Model
Authors: Ma Bo , Li Chao Dong , Ma Fan , Li Zhan Bin , Wu Fa Qi
Published: April 2016

As an important pathway for movement of rainfall or sprinkler irrigation water through a crop canopy to the ground, stemflow is of great significance for utilization efficiency of sprinkler irrigation water and for crop growth. In this study, under simulated indoor artificial rainfall, the stemflow rates (SF) of corn plants (Zea mays) in different corn growth stages (V4 stage ∼ VT stage) under different rainfall intensities (I) were observed, and the relationships among stemflow, leaf area (LA), and I were analyzed. Based on these results, stemflow models were developed. The results showed that for all corn growth stages, the average SF of a single corn plant was about 55.69 mL/min, accounting for 45% of total rainfall. SF increased as a power function of corn LA and I, and the percentage of stemflow in total rainfall increased as a power function of corn LA. Theoretical, semi‐empirical, and empirical models of corn SF and stemflow proportion (SR) of total rainfall were established by analyzing the relationships among LA, I, and stemflow. All three models were used to estimate SF and SR in different corn growth stages and achieved desired accuracy. The semi‐empirical and empirical models were more accurate in predicting and simulating corn SF, but the calculation and application of the semi‐empirical model was relatively simpler. The empirical model of SR enabled a more accurate calculation of the percentage of stemflow in total rainfall.
Gestalt Therapy Applied: A Case Study with an Inpatient Diagnosed with Substance Use and Bipolar Disorders
Authors: Aiach Dominitz Valerie
Published: April 2016

Aim

The aim of the present paper is to open the discourse regarding the unmet needs of specific patients, especially those with substance use disorder and/or personality disorder where ‘multimorbidities’, and/or ‘overdiagnosis’ and/or ‘diagnosis overlap’ are frequent. An additional aim is to review the main therapeutic purpose and concepts of Gestalt therapy which might be appropriate in the treatment of these patients often characterized by their difficulties in being aware and in contact in the ‘here and now’.

Methods

I first start with an overview of Gestalt therapy concepts. Then, I illustrate Gestalt's ‘here and now’ and awareness concepts applied during 18 sessions with an inpatient diagnosed with substance use and bipolar disorders. In addition, the patient had to face an open criminal charge, was regarded as having an antisocial personality disorder and argued suffering from post‐traumatic stress disorder.

Results

After this two‐month therapy period, the patient entered for the first time a daily rehabilitation program in the community, where he was doing well (this after a few prior hospitalizations). The awareness development in the ‘here and now’ through which different contact styles and cycles of experiences are experienced is a process that allowed the patient to start experiencing contact with himself, his true needs and his environment. This contributed to his well‐being improvement, led and supported his rehabilitation and reinsertion within the society and decrease his relapses, either with drugs or criminal activities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

People with substance use disorder (where ‘multimorbidities’, ‘overdiagnosis’ or ‘diagnosis overlap’ are frequent), people with personality disorder(s) or people who have difficulties in defining what really disturbs them are the same people who could benefit of GT encouraging awareness and contact development in the ‘here and now’.

Gestalt therapy should not be regarded as a practitioner's toolbox but as a therapeutic process allowing awareness and I‐boundaries development in the ‘here and now’ through authentic and genuine relationships.

The therapist's awareness and contact with themselves and their environment are reflected in the therapist's relaxed but awake and aware state of mind as well as their wise, spontaneous and mindful approach.
Preparation of Rice Plant Genomic DNA for Various Applications
Authors: Zhou Lian , Shen Rongxin , Ma Xingliang , Li Heying , Li Gousi , Liu Yao‐Guang
Published: April 2016

Research on plant molecular biology, genetic engineering, and crop molecular breeding involves various manipulations of plant genomic DNAs (gDNAs). These studies require preparing gDNAs from plant materials using suitable methods according to the yield, intactness, and purity of the resultant gDNA samples. Here we describe protocols for preparation of rice plant gDNAs for various applications including: (1) maxipreps and (2) minipreps of gDNAs for restriction analysis, gene cloning, PCR amplification, genomic sequencing, and genotyping; (3) preparation of megabase‐sized nuclear DNA for construction of large‐insert genomic libraries and long‐range physical mapping; and (4) 96‐well‐format high‐throughput gDNA preparation for PCR‐based genotyping. The methods are also suitable for other plant species including dicots. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Small RNA Extraction and Detection in Rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Song Xianwei , Cao Xiaofeng
Published: April 2016

Rice (Orzya sativa) small RNAs regulate almost all biological processes and agronomic traits. Characterization and dissection of small RNA functions have become an important part of rice functional genomic research. Isolation of small RNAs of desirable quality is essential for a variety of analytical techniques such as cloning, RT‐PCR, northern hybridization, and microarray analysis. Among these, northern hybridization is the most convincing method to display size distribution, abundance, and expression profiles of small RNAs. This article describes protocols for extraction and detection of small RNAs from rice tissues, including procedures to enrich small RNAs from total RNA, and examination of the size and abundance of small RNAs by northern hybridization. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chromosome Preparation in Rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Wang Kai , Yu Weichang
Published: April 2016

Chromosomes are the carriers of genetic material in biological organisms. Each chromosome has three essential components: a centromere, telomeres, and chromosome arms. Chromosome preparation is the basic technique for studies in cytogenetics, including the analysis of chromosomal behavior, chromosomal variation, karyotyping analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization, immunostaining, and artificial chromosome technology. In this unit, we describe the basic protocol for rice (Oryza sativa) metaphase chromosome preparation from rice root tips, alternative chromosome preparation protocols using cultured cells, and different chromosome spreading techniques. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Artificial Chromosomes in Rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Xu Chunhui , Yu Weichang
Published: April 2016

Chromosomes are the carriers of genetic material in biological organisms. Each chromosome has three essential components: a centromere, telomeres, and origins of replication. The understanding of the essential structural and functional organization of chromosomes has made it possible to produce artificial chromosomes (ACs), which are human‐engineered minichromosomes. There are two approaches to make ACs: de novo assembly (bottom‐up) and truncation of existing chromosomes (top‐down). Rice (Oryza sativa) ACs are produced by telomere‐mediated chromosome truncation, and may have many applications, such as genetic engineering to stack and express multiple genes in rice to combat diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses, to enhance tolerance of rice to environmental stresses such as drought, heat, and salinity, and to improve yield and quality. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chromosome Preparation for Cytogenetic Analyses in Arabidopsis
Authors: Mandáková Terezie , Lysak Martin A.
Published: April 2016

Despite its small nuclear genome and minute chromosomes, the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana has become a well established model in the field of plant cytogenetics. Since 2000, most cytogenetic and epigenetic approaches have been developed for this species and its congeners. In this chapter, we describe two step‐by‐step protocols for preparing chromosome preparations from root tip meristems and generative organ tissues of A. thaliana. Although both protocols have been optimized for A. thaliana, the detailed procedures are equally applicable to other members of the genus Arabidopsis as well as other crucifer species (Brassicaceae). © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Maize (Zea mays) Hi‐II Transformation via Agrobacterium‐Mediated T‐DNA Transfer
Authors: Lee Hyeyoung , Zhang Zhanyuan J.
Published: April 2016

Genetic transformation of maize via Agrobacterium tumefaciens is still more art than science, with different researchers achieving substantially different transformation results. This article describes our advanced Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation system in Hi‐II maize. The system utilizes simple binary vectors and immature embryos for the transformation, employing the bar gene as a plant selectable marker in combination with bialaphos for subsequent culture selection. The transformation process is efficient and highly reproducible. Certain inbred maize lines can also be transformed with some modification of the system. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Generation of Soybean (Glycine max) Transient Transgenic Roots
Authors: Tóth Katalin , Batek Josef , Stacey Gary
Published: April 2016

Legumes—because of their nitrogen‐fixing capacity—have both ecological and agronomic importance, and are also the major plant protein source for animal consumption. The model legume species are Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula, and soybean (Glycine max). These species have sequenced genomes and are amenable to genetic manipulation, as well as to various functional genomic and cell biology approaches. Plant transformation mediated by Agrobacterium is one of the most powerful methods in plant biotechnology. Using the traditional Agrobacterium tumefaciens method, stable transgenic plants take 6 to 12 months to create, depending on species. Besides being time consuming, this approach is often quite laborious. Hence, there is a need for more rapid methods to create transgenic tissues. In the case of roots, this can be done using hairy root transformation mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. This protocol describes a method to generate transgenic soybean roots in as little as 3 weeks. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Isolation of Microsomal Membrane Proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: LaMontagne Erica D. , Collins Carina A. , Peck Scott C. , Heese Antje
Published: April 2016

Cellular membranes define the boundaries between organelles and the cytosol or the extracellular environment, thus providing functional separation between subcellular compartments. In addition, membranes assist in a diverse range of cellular functions, including serving as signaling platforms, mediating transport of molecules, and facilitating trafficking of cargo between cellular compartments. Because membrane functionality is largely defined by protein composition, exploring the roles of membrane proteins is of interest to many researchers. This article focuses on the subcellular fractionation of microsomes, which are membrane‐derived vesicles formed during cell lysis. In plants, microsomes mainly consist of the plasma membrane and membranes derived from the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, trans‐Golgi network, and tonoplast. The article describes the different steps involved in enriching for and solubilizing microsomal membrane proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings and cultured cells by differential centrifugation. Solubilized microsomal proteins can be used for subsequent immunoblot analysis, co‐immunoprecipitation, or proteomic studies. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Orthodontic treatment in periodontitis‐susceptible subjects: a systematic literature review
Authors: Zasciurinskiene Egle , Lindsten Rune , Slotte Christer , Bjerklin Krister
Published: April 2016

The aim is to evaluate the literature for clinical scientific data on possible effects of orthodontic treatment on periodontal status in periodontitis‐susceptible subjects. A systematic literature review was performed on studies in English using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library central databases (1965‐2014). By manually searching reference lists of selected studies, we identified additional articles; then we searched these publications: Journal of Periodontology, Periodontology 2000, Journal of Clinical Periodontology, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Angle Orthodontist, International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry, and European Journal of Orthodontics. Search terms included randomized clinical trials, controlled clinical trials, prospective and retrospective clinical studies, case series >5 patients, periodontitis, orthodontics, alveolar bone loss, tooth migration, tooth movement, orthodontic extrusion, and orthodontic intrusion. Only studies on orthodontic treatment in periodontally compromised dentitions were included. One randomized controlled clinical trial, one controlled clinical trial, and 12 clinical studies were included. No evidence currently exists from controlled studies and randomized controlled clinical trials, which shows that orthodontic treatment improves or aggravates the status of periodontally compromised dentitions.
Analytical characterization of N,N‐diallyltryptamine (DALT) and 16 ring‐substituted derivatives
Authors: Brandt Simon D. , Kavanagh Pierce V. , Dowling Geraldine , Talbot Brian , Westphal Folker , Meyer Markus R. , Maurer Hans H. , Halberstadt Adam L.
Published: April 2016

Many N,N‐dialkylated tryptamines show psychoactive properties in humans and the number of derivatives involved in multidisciplinary areas of research has grown over the last few decades. Whereas some derivatives form the basis of a range of medicinal products, others are predominantly encountered as recreational drugs, and in some cases, the areas of therapeutic and recreational use can overlap. In recent years, 5‐methoxy‐N,N‐diallyltryptamine (5‐MeO‐DALT) has appeared as a new psychoactive substance (NPS) and ‘research chemical’ whereas 4‐acetoxy‐DALT and the ring‐unsubstituted DALT have only been detected very recently. Strategies pursued in the authors' laboratories included the preparation and biological evaluation of previously unreported N,N‐diallyltryptamines (DALTs). This report describes the analytical characterization of 17 DALTs. Fifteen DALTs were prepared by a microwave‐accelerated Speeter and Anthony procedure following established procedures developed previously in the authors' laboratories. In addition to DALT, the substances included in this study were 2‐phenyl‐, 4‐acetoxy‐, 4‐hydroxy‐, 4,5‐ethylenedioxy‐, 5‐methyl‐, 5‐methoxy‐, 5‐methoxy‐2‐methyl‐, 5‐ethoxy‐, 5‐fluoro‐, 5‐fluoro‐2‐methyl‐, 5‐chloro‐, 5‐bromo‐, 5,6‐methylenedioxy‐, 6‐fluoro‐, 7‐methyl, and 7‐ethyl‐DALT, respectively. The DALTs were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), gas chromatography (GC) quadrupole and ion trap (EI/CI) mass spectrometry (MS), low and high mass accuracy MS/MS, photodiode array detection, and GC solid‐state infrared analysis, respectively. A comprehensive collection of spectral data was obtained that are provided to research communities who face the challenge of encountering newly emerging substances where analytical data are not available. These data are also relevant to researchers who might wish to explore the clinical and non‐clinical uses of these substances. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying the effects of drought on abrupt growth decreases of major tree species in Switzerland
Authors: Vanoni Marco , Bugmann Harald , Nötzli Magdalena , Bigler Christof
Published: April 2016

Drought entails important effects on tree physiology, which may result in short‐ to long‐term radial growth decreases. While the majority of studies have focused on annual drought‐related variability of growth, relatively little is known about sustained growth decreases following drought years. We apply a statistical framework to identify climatic factors that induce abrupt growth decreases and may eventually result in tree mortality. We used tree‐ring data from almost 500 standing dead trees and 200 living trees in eight sites of the Swiss network of strict forest reserves, including four of the most important Central European tree species (Abies alba, Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica and Quercus spp.). First, to assess short‐term growth responses to drought under various climate and site conditions, we calculated correlations and linear mixed‐effects models between ring‐width indices (RWIs) and drought based on the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Second, to quantify drought effects on abrupt growth decreases, we applied distributed lag nonlinear models (DLNMs), which account for both delayed effects and the nonlinear relationship between the SPEI and the occurrence of abrupt growth decreases. Positive correlations between RWIs and the SPEI indicated short‐term growth responses of all species, particularly at arid sites. Results of the DLNMs revealed species‐specific growth responses to drought. For Quercus spp., abrupt growth decreases were more likely to occur several years following severe drought, whereas for P. abies, A. alba, and F. sylvatica abrupt growth decreases started frequently immediately in the drought year. We conclude that the statistical framework allows for quantifying the effects of drought intensity on the probability of abrupt growth decreases, which ultimately contributes to an improved understanding of climate impacts on forest community dynamics.
Ecosystem warming increases sap flow rates of northern red oak trees
Authors: Juice Stephanie M. , Templer Pamela H. , Phillips Nathan G. , Ellison Aaron M. , Pelini Shannon L.
Published: April 2016

Over the next century, air temperature increases up to 5°C are projected for the northeastern United States. As evapotranspiration strongly influences water loss from terrestrial ecosystems, the ecophysiological response of trees to warming will have important consequences for forest water budgets. We measured growing season sap flow rates in mature northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) trees in a combined air (up to 5.5°C above ambient) and soil (up to 1.85°C above ambient at 6‐cm depth) warming experiment at Harvard Forest, Massachusetts, United States. Through principal components analysis, we found air and soil temperatures explained the largest amount of variance in environmental variables associated with rates of sap flow, with relative humidity, photosynthetically active radiation and vapor pressure deficit having significant, but smaller, effects. On average, each 1°C increase in temperature increased sap flow rates by approximately 1100 kg H2O m−2 sapwood area day−1 throughout the growing season and by 1200 kg H2O m−2 sapwood area day−1 during the early growing season. Reductions in the number of cold winter days correlated positively with increased sap flow during the early growing season (a decrease in 100 heating‐degree days was associated with a sapflow increase in approximately 5 kg H2O m−2 sapwood area day−1). Soil moisture declined with increased treatment temperatures, and each soil moisture percentage decrease resulted in a decrease in sap flow of approximately 360 kg H2O m−2 sapwood area day−1. At night, soil moisture correlated positively with sap flow. These results demonstrate that warmer air and soil temperatures in winter and throughout the growing season lead to increased sap flow rates, which could affect forest water budgets throughout the year.
Evidence‐based evaluation of the cumulative effects of ecosystem restoration
Authors: Diefenderfer Heida L. , Johnson Gary E. , Thom Ronald M. , Buenau Kate E. , Weitkamp Laurie A. , Woodley Christa M. , Borde Amy B. , Kropp Roy K.
Published: April 2016

This study adapts and applies the evidence‐based approach for causal inference, a medical standard, to the restoration and sustainable management of large‐scale aquatic ecosystems. Despite long‐term investments in restoring aquatic ecosystems, it has proven difficult to adequately synthesize and evaluate program outcomes, and no standard method has been adopted. Complex linkages between restorative actions and ecosystem responses at a landscape scale make evaluations problematic and most programs focus on monitoring and analysis. Herein, we demonstrate a new transdisciplinary approach integrating techniques from evidence‐based medicine, critical thinking, and cumulative effects assessment. Tiered hypotheses about the effects of landscape‐scale restorative actions are identified using an ecosystem conceptual model. The systematic literature review, a health sciences standard since the 1960s, becomes just one of seven lines of evidence assessed collectively, using critical thinking strategies, causal criteria, and cumulative effects categories. As a demonstration, we analyzed data from 166 locations on the Columbia River and estuary representing 12 indicators of habitat and fish response to floodplain restoration actions intended to benefit culturally and economically important, threatened and endangered salmon. Synthesis of the lines of evidence demonstrated that hydrologic reconnection promoted macrodetritis export, prey availability, and juvenile fish access and feeding. Upon evaluation, the evidence was sufficient to infer cross‐boundary, indirect, compounding, and delayed cumulative effects, and suggestive of nonlinear, landscape‐scale, and spatial density effects. Therefore, on the basis of causal inferences regarding food‐web functions, we concluded that the restoration program is having a cumulative beneficial effect on juvenile salmon. The lines of evidence developed are transferable to other ecosystems: modeling of cumulative net ecosystem improvement, physical modeling of ecosystem controlling factors, meta‐analysis of restoration action effectiveness, analysis of data on target species, research on critical ecological uncertainties, evidence‐based review of the literature, and change analysis on the landscape setting. As with medicine, the science of ecological restoration needs scientific approaches to management decisions, particularly because the consequences affect species extinctions and the availability of ecosystem services. This evidence‐based approach will enable restoration in complex coastal, riverine, and tidal‐fluvial ecosystems like the lower Columbia River to be evaluated when data have accumulated without sufficient synthesis.