bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes en Universidad Privada: Un espacio de Promoción de la Investigación Científica
Authors: Landaeta-Mendoza Carlos Jorge
Published: May 2024

Toda sociedad científica de estudiantes, en contextos universitarios privados, debe ser promotora de investigaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar las características de la importancia de las sociedades científicas de estudiantes en las universidades privadas. Se realizó un estudio bajo el paradigma positivista, método deductivo, enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, tipo descriptivo y corte transversal. Con una muestra no probabilística y se aplicaron encuestas electrónicas. Entre los resultados más relevantes se tiene que los estudiantes consideran importantes los procesos de capacitación en temáticas vinculadas a la investigación, así mismo manifiestan la importancia de la publicación de artículos científicos desde la población estudiantil. Se concluye que, en el contexto de Educación Superior de tipo privado, las sociedades científicas en La Paz son nulas o escasas, siendo una oportunidad para poder generar vínculos profesionales e interinstitucionales, contribuyendo a la gestión del conocimiento. Se recomienda promover acciones que incentiven “en facilito” procesos de investigación a partir de los estudiantes, brindándoles asesoramiento continuo a partir de los institutos de investigación.
Attitude and practices of higher education academics on education for sustainable development
Authors: Daramola Olukayode Olugbenga
Published: May 2024

This research paper explores the views and perceptions of academics towards embedding Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) into their academic practices and presents study findings on academics’ views on ESD. This study utilized anonymous questionnaires to obtain participant opinions. Participants were encouraged to share personal practices around ESD. This study observed that academics have a diverse perception of the ESD concept, and most academics are aware of ESD to some extent. The results indicate the presence of a statistical relationship between academics’ years of experience in higher education (HE) and their awareness of ESD. Also, early career academics are more likely to be open to incorporating ESD into their teaching practices. In addition to these, this paper discussed that while academics may or may not already be incorporating ESD into their teaching practices, institutional commitment to embedding ESD into policies, staff training, curriculum development, and assessment is critical in ensuring effective integration of ESD into HE.

This article was published open access under a CC BY licence:
https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0
.
Closeby Habitable Exoplanet Survey (CHES). I. Astrometric Noise and Planetary Detection Efficiency Due to Stellar Spots and Faculae
Authors: Bao Chunhui , Ji Jianghui , Tan Dongjie , Chen Guo , Huang Xiumin , Wang Su , Dong Yao
Published: May 2024

The Closeby Habitable Exoplanet Survey (CHES) is dedicated to the astrometric exploration for habitable-zone Earth-like planets orbiting solar-type stars in close proximity, achieving unprecedented microarcsecond precision. Given the elevated precision, meticulous consideration of photocenter jitters induced by stellar activity becomes imperative. This study endeavors to model the stellar activity of solar-type stars, compute astrometric noise, and delineate the detection limits of habitable planets within the astrometric domain. Simulations were conducted for identified primary targets of CHES, involving the generation of simulated observed data for astrometry and photometry, accounting for the impact of stellar activity. Estimation of activity levels in our sample was achieved through chromospheric activity indices, revealing that over 90% of the stars exhibited photocenter jitters below 1 μas. Notably, certain proximate stars, such as α Cen A and B, displayed more discernible noise arising from stellar activity. Subsequent tests were performed to evaluate detection performance, unveiling that stellar activity tends to have a less pronounced impact on planetary detectability for the majority of the stars. Approximately 95% of the targets demonstrated a detection efficiency exceeding 80%. However, for several cold stars, e.g., HD 32450 and HD 21531, with the habitable zones close to the stars, a reduction in detection efficiency was observed. These findings offer invaluable insights into the intricate interplay between stellar activity and astrometric precision, significantly advancing our understanding in the search for habitable planets.
Antifungal activity and hair growth stimulation of purple sweet potato leaf fraction (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamk) and its molecular mechanism through androgen receptor inhibition
Authors: Indradewi Armadany Fery , Sopyan Iyan , Mustarichie Resmi , Ruslin  , Arfan
Published: May 2024

Alopecia presented a global challenge, spurring the search for new treatments. This study evaluated Ipomoea batatas leaf extracts for their ability to stimulate hair growth and inhibit Malassezia furfur. Secondary metabolites were identified and assessed for their potential to inhibit androgen receptors (AR) via LC-MS/MS and in silico analysis. The hair tonic formulation was optimized using a D-optimal mixture design to improve physicochemical properties. The plant’s extracts and fractions exhibited strong antifungal activity against M. furfur and significant hair growth stimulation compared to minoxidil. In silico analysis identified pyropheophorbide A, methyl-Pyropheophorbide A, hyperoside, and quercetin with superior affinity and stability in interacting with AR. The optimized formulation included 96% ethanol, propylene glycol, and Tween 80 to enhance hair tonic properties. I. batatas leaves showed promising potential in treating alopecia through hair growth stimulation, antifungal activity, and potential inhibition of AR. These findings opened avenues for further research and development in alopecia therapeutics.
Impact de la Covid-19 sur la numérisation des chaînes d’approvisionnement alimentaire
Authors: Mongo Michelle , Aouinait Camille , Le Son Thi Kim
Published: May 2024

La mondialisation des échanges caractérisée par une massification des flux a bouleversé l’industrie alimentaire, en particulier les chaînes d’approvisionnement alimentaire (CAA). Elles doivent répondre à des exigences accrues des consommateurs en qualité, sécurité et durabilité des produits. Se pose la question de savoir comment cette filière y répond. Suivant l’intérêt lié des Sciences de Gestion et le peu d’analyses quantitatives, l’objectif est de proposer une analyse bibliométrique sur les CAA et leur évolution selon l’irruption de la Covid-19. Les résultats montrent en particulier une hausse considérable de la littérature en Gestion traitant des CAA, notamment entre 2020 et 2022. Les co-occurrences de mots-clés montrent l’émergence de thématiques autour de la numérisation et des trois piliers du développement durable. Enfin l’analyse détaille comment la littérature managériale des CAA est inspirée des fondements théoriques des Sciences Économiques et de Gestion. Ces résultats mettent en lumière l’évolution de la filière au regard des nouveaux enjeux sociétaux.
La captation marchande du covoiturage en France
Authors: Shulz Sébastien
Published: May 2024

Après des débuts mitigés, le marché des plateformes de covoiturage courte distance connaît un essor et un soutien public importants au nom de la transition écologique du secteur de la mobilité. Pourtant, la solution d’un marché de plateformes numériques en vue de répondre aux enjeux environnementaux de la voiture individuelle ne va pas de soi. Pour comprendre comment cet alignement a été opéré, j’ai mené l’enquête à travers des entretiens semi-directifs (N=22), la récolte de littérature grise et d’articles de presse (N=698), ainsi que l’observation des caractéristiques sociotechniques des principales plateformes (N=5). J’ai analysé ce matériau en me plaçant au croisement au croisement de la sociologie de la construction politique des marchés et la sociologie des agencements marchands. L’article montre pourquoi et comment l’État favorise le modèle des plateformes capitalistes techno-marchandes par rapport aux deux autres modèles (coopératif et d’utilité sociale) en contribuant à construire une économie de la captation. Il conclut sur la tension entre les objectifs d’écologisation du secteur de la mobilité porté par l’État, et son soutien aux plateformes capitalistes dont le modèle est susceptible d’entraîner des « effets rebonds ».
The actual effects of supervision on small and medium-sized banks and the local banking market
Authors: Robiony Mario
Published: May 2024

Cet article analyse le rôle de superviseur de la Banque d’Italie vis-à-vis d’un groupe de petites et moyennes banques locales dans les années 1920-1930. Plus spécifiquement, la recherche vise à analyser : a) comment la supervision a été effectivement exercée, b) l’impact de la supervision sur les banques ; c) l’impact de la supervision sur le marché du crédit local. L’analyse - basée sur des documents d’archives - est menée au niveau microéconomique, en se concentrant sur les banques individuelles dans une zone géographique donnée (le nord-est de l’Italie), mais elle est également intégrée dans le tableau macroéconomique plus large. L’article montre que, suite à l’introduction des nouvelles règles, le système bancaire local a été reconfiguré sur le plan quantitatif et qualitatif.
Optimization of liquefaction process based on global meta-analysis and machine learning approach: Effect of process conditions and raw material selection on remaining ratio and bioavailability of heavy metals in biochar
Authors: Ma Li , Zhan Likun , Wu Qingdan , Li Longcheng , Zheng Xiaochen , Xiao Zhihua , Zou Jingchen
Published: May 2024

Although liquefaction technology has been extensively applied, plenty of biomass remains tainted with heavy metals (HMs). A meta-analysis of literature published from 2010 to 2023 was conducted to investigate the effects of liquefaction conditions and biomass characteristics on the remaining ratio and chemical speciation of HMs in biochar, aiming to achieve harmless treatment of biomass contaminated with HMs. The results showed that a liquefaction time of 1–3 h led to the largest HMs remaining ratio in biochar, with the mean ranging from 84.09% to 92.76%, compared with liquefaction times of less than 1 h and more than 3 h. Organic and acidic solvents liquefied biochar exhibited the greatest and lowest HMs remaining ratio. The effect of liquefaction temperature on HMs remaining ratio was not significant. The C, H, O, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents of biomass were negatively correlated with the HMs remaining ratio, and N, S, and ash were positively correlated. In addition, liquefaction significantly transformed the HMs in biochar from bioavailable fractions (F1 and F2) to stable fractions (F3) (P < 0.05) when the temperature was increased to 280–330 ℃, with a liquefaction time of 1–3 h, and organic solvent as the liquefaction solvent. N and ash in biomass were positively correlated with the residue state (F4) of HMs in biochar and negatively correlated with F1 or F2, while H, O, fixed carbon, and volatile matter were negatively correlated with F4 but positively correlated with F3. Machine learning results showed that the contribution of biomass characteristics to HMs remaining ratio was higher than that of liquefaction factor. The most prominent contribution to the chemical speciation changes of HMs was the characteristics of HMs themselves, followed by ash content in biomass, liquefaction time, and C content. The findings of this meta-analysis contribute to factor selection, modification, and application of liquefied biomass to reducing risks.
Fluoride removal from water using Al(OH)$ _3 $-surface modified diatomite mixed with brick: optimization, isotherm and kinetic studies
Authors: Mutai Isaiah Kiprono , Kiriamiti Henry Kirimi , M'Arimi Milton M , Tewo Robert Kimutai
Published: May 2024

Excess fluoride in drinking water causes both dental and skeletal fluorosis among other problems. As such there is need to develop affordable and easily accessible techniques for fluoride removal from drinking water. This work assessed surface modified diatomite mixed with brick for fluoride removal. Diatomite samples were modified using aluminium hydroxide and the mixture was optimized for fluoride removal through response surface methodology (RSM) using the Box-Wilson central composite design. Batch experiments showed that, individually, a 28 g/L dose of the surface modified diatomite sufficiently removed fluoride to the acceptable level of 1.5 mg/L from an initial concentration of 10 mg/L fluoride while a 300 g/L dose of brick powder was required to remove an equal amount of fluoride in the same water samples. RSM optimization showed that a mixture of surface modified diatomite and brick in the mass ratio 1.8:17.8 grams per milligram of fluoride in water can be used to remove fluoride in water to an acceptable level. Adsorption of fluoride by surface modified diatomite fit better into the Freundlich adsorption isotherm (R$ ^2 $ = 0.9753) compared to the Langmuir (R$ ^2 $ = 0.8954), while adsorption by brick better fit the Langmuir adsorption mechanism (R$ ^2 $ = 0.9804) in comparison to the Freundlich adsorption (R$ ^2 $ = 0.9372). Kinetic studies revealed that chemisorption was the main mechanism for both surface modified diatomite and brick adsorbents. Conclusively, an optimal mixture of surface modified diatomite and brick can be successfully used for fluoride removal in areas for which water has high fluoride contamination.
The parodos of the Greek theatres through time: from the Classical to the Roman imperial period
Authors: Di Napoli Valentina
Published: May 2024

This article examines one of the main architectural features of the Graeco-Roman theatre, namely, the lateral entrances, focusing on a time span that stretches from the Classical to the Late Roman period. Firstly, matters of terminology are addressed. It is shown that the lateral entrances of the Greek theatre were referred to either by the generic word εἴσοδος or, at least from the early Hellenistic period onwards, by the terminus technicus πάροδος. Next, their symbolic significance and their importance from the functional point of view in the Classical and Hellenistic theatre and drama are examined. Architecturally, the parodoi were open-air corridors flanking the retaining walls of the auditorium. Finally, the analysis of the changes observed in performances and theatrical architectures during Roman times leads to the conclusion that the centuries-long history of the side entrances in Greek theatres is characterized by a consistent continuity in both form and function over time.
La couverture des aditus et les origines du « théâtre latin »
Authors: Letellier-Taillefer Éloïse
Published: May 2024

Cet article propose une réflexion synthétique sur l’apparition et le développement de la couverture des accès latéraux à l’orchestra (aditus) dans les premiers théâtres permanents bâtis dans l’Italie centrale et méridionale sous domination romaine. Il s’appuie sur l’état actuel des connaissances archéologiques à propos d’édifices théâtraux intégrés dans des sanctuaires ou bâtis en contexte urbain, dans le Latium, en Campanie ou dans le Samnium, entre le iie s. et le ier s. av. J.‑C. Une approche typo-chronologique reste impossible en raison des lacunes et des incertitudes encore importantes concernant la datation de la plupart des monuments concernés. Leur mise en série permet cependant de restituer les enjeux à la fois statiques, fonctionnels et de représentation qui ont pu favoriser le développement de la formule « latine » de l’architecture théâtrale, dotée d’accès latéraux à l’orchestra couverts par des voûtes et bientôt surmontés de gradins ou de tribunes destinées à mettre en valeur des spectateurs privilégiés.
Il teatro romano di Verona: gli aditus
Authors: Bolla Margherita
Published: May 2024

Si esaminano qui gli aditus maximi del teatro romano di Verona, costruito durante l’età augustea sulle pendici del colle di San Pietro; per comprenderne la struttura, è necessario far uso della documentazione storica, in particolare di vecchie immagini fotografiche, poiché nel tempo il monumento è stato sottoposto a notevoli modifiche strutturali. Nonostante tali difficoltà, sono emerse alcune informazioni sulle dimensioni degli aditus, sulla loro forma (non frequentemente attestata) e sui sistemi idraulici ad essi relativi.
Formes architecturales et fonctions de l’aditus maximus dans les théâtres du Proche‑Orient romain
Authors: Thiolas Pierre
Published: May 2024

La grande majorité des théâtres antiques connus au Proche‑Orient sont de type romain et forment un corpus à part entière comptant à ce jour une soixantaine d’édifices en incluant les odéons et autres petits théâtrons mal identifiés, ainsi que les théâtres de rituels. Bien que l’étude d’un tel corpus reste à ce jour malaisée (absence de synthèse, diversité des édifices, publications disséminées et écrites dans différentes langues), il est possible de cerner, à partir des données accessibles, les principales caractéristiques architecturales et décoratives des aditus maximi de cette région, ainsi que d’en tracer les évolutions.
Los aditus en los teatros romanos hispanos: entre valores estructurales y simbólicos
Authors: Rodríguez Gutiérrez Oliva
Published: May 2024

Las provincias hispanas cuentan con buen número de teatros conocidos, algunos de ellos objeto de nuevas investigaciones en los últimos años, que han permitido actualizar y renovar el panorama del conocimiento general sobre este tipo de espacios y su funcionamiento. En todos los casos, son edificios construidos en época imperial, lo que hace que respondan a un modelo arquitectónico ya bien definido, donde graderío y cuerpo escénico se fusionan y a la vez se articulan a través del aditus, que adopta complejas y creativas soluciones estructurales. Pero, a su vez, los teatros hispanos forman plenamente parte del paisaje urbano, debiendo reflexionar en su papel ideológico y religioso. En él, sin duda, los itinera se destacan como fundamentales pasillos ceremoniales, lectura esta que ayuda a comprender mejor muchas de las evidencias arqueológicas que han llegado hasta nosotros.
La communication au temps du covid-19 : analyse discursive du discours d’Emmanuel Macron du 25 mars 2020
Authors: Bouzidi Attef
Published: May 2024

« On ne peut pas ne pas communiquer » (1967) constatait Watzlawick. C’est certainement capital pour les civilisations. Et ce qui est aussi important, c’est ce que cette communication produit sur l’Autre. La réaction, le sentiment ou le comportement qu’elle engendre. La persuasion est alors l’objectif de n’importe quelle communication. A l’ère du numérique, ce besoin et cet objectif semblent se complexifier et se ramifier. L’analyse discursive que le présent article se propose de faire vise à revenir sur le discours du président français Emmanuel Macron du 25 mars 2020. Une communication qui devait se construire entre restrictions sanitaires et libertés individuelles et collectives.
La théorie du rêve d’Aaron T. Beck dans son contexte
Authors: Rosner Rachael I.
Published: May 2024

Durant les premières années de la thérapie cognitive (1969-1971), son fondateur, Aaron T. Beck (1921-2021), a développé les rudiments d’une théorie des rêves, qu’il a présentée à la fois aux psychanalystes et aux thérapeutes comportementalistes. Cet article examine les conditions historiques qui ont favorisé l’élaboration de cette théorie cognitive des rêves. Les recherches psychanalytiques que Beck a menées sur ce sujet au début de sa carrière lui ont enseigné les vertus de la recherche en sciences sociales et ont catalysé sa transition vers le modèle cognitif. Une fois ce modèle en place, il a rouvert le dossier des rêves pour se positionner politiquement sur la scène thérapeutique nationale. L’article de 1971 témoigne de ses efforts pour atteindre les psychanalystes avec son nouveau modèle ; or le travail de Beck sur les rêves est tombé dans l’oubli, dès lors qu’il s’est allié aux thérapeutes comportementaux. L’intérêt actuel pour les psychothérapies intégratives a toutefois ramené l’attention sur les rêves dans le milieu de la thérapie cognitive.
A Comprehensive Review of Trustworthy, Ethical, and Explainable Computer Vision Advancements in Online Social Media
Authors: Anzum Fahim , Asha Ashratuz Zavin , Dey Lily , Gavrilov Artemy , Iffath Fariha , Ohi Abu Quwsar , Pond Liam , Shopon Md. , Gavrilova Marina L.
Published: May 2024

Responsible, ethical, and trustworthy decision-making powered by the new generation of artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) recently emerged as one of the key societal challenges. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art methods that emerged very recently in the domain of trustworthiness, fairness, and authenticity of online social media. Furthermore, this chapter discusses open problems, provides examples of other application domains in the realm of computer vision and intelligent computing, recommends bias mitigation strategies, and provides insights on the future developments in this key research domain.
Computer Vision and Building Resilience Against Online Violent Extremism in Africa
Authors: Ong'eta Wyclife
Published: May 2024

This chapter reviews how new technologies driven by artificial intelligence have a wide range of impact in advancing violent ideologies in Africa. In particular, the chapter analyses how computer vision is helping to advance radical and extreme ideologies and how to build resilience against the phenomenon. This work has found that terrorist organisations are tapping artificial intelligence through computer vision to develop synthetic videos, graphics, and images to advance their goals. It was revealed that transformative education has the potential to develop all round humans capable to thrive and navigate in ever changing and dynamic online ecosystem.
Detection of Vulnerabilities in Cryptocurrency Smart Contracts Based on Image Processing
Authors: De Mofo Gabbi Evrard Tchoukouegno , Wacka Ali Joan Beri , Tchakounte Franklin , Fotso Jean Marie Kuate
Published: May 2024

The rate of use of cryptocurrencies through smart contracts and decentralized applications remains continually increasing. Ethereum is particularly gaining popularity in the blockchain community. In this work, the authors are interested in retraining vulnerability and timestamping. They propose a detection method based on the transformation of contracts into images and the processing of the latter using Simhash and n-gram techniques to obtain our contracts into images of size 32*32. They combine a technique to preserve the useful characteristics of images for exploitation. Training carried out with the convolutional neuronal network (CNN) model on a sample of 50 normal contracts, 50 contracts vulnerable to retraining, and 33 vulnerable to timestamping gave an accuracy of 88.98% on the detection of vulnerable contracts. The singular value decomposition (SVD) technique is capable of efficiently extracting from images, the key features that characterize contracts in Ethereum.
Securing Digital Photography Images by Encryption-Watermarking CFA (Color Filter Array) Images
Authors: Ndongo Hervé Abena , Daniel Tieudjo , Laurent Bitjoka
Published: May 2024

Research in image processing of digital color photography is in full expansion, especially on CFA (color filter array) images. These raw CFA images are very important for image analysis because they have not undergone any processing (interpolation, demosaicking, etc.) that would alter their reliability. The chapter presents three robust hybrid algorithms combining chaotic encryption and blind watermarking techniques of CFA images based on the quaternionic wavelet transform (QWT) to propose solutions related to the problems of confidentiality, security, authenticity of these images transmitted over digital networks, the size of some CFA images, and the large amount of data to be transferred in a non-secure environment where resources in terms of throughput and bandwidth are quite limited. The three hybrid algorithms were implemented simultaneously and successively.
Detecting Ecological Changes for Sustainable Futures
Authors: Chandra Harish , Rathoure Ashok K.
Published: May 2024

The chapter delves into the imperative task of detecting ecological changes to ensure the sustainability of our planet's ecosystems. It emphasizes the multidisciplinary approach required, combining field observations, remote sensing technologies, data analytics, and community engagement. Through tracking key indicators such as biodiversity, species abundance, and environmental parameters, scientists unveil subtle shifts and overarching trends in ecosystems worldwide. From forests to oceans, diverse habitats undergo scrutiny, aided by sophisticated analytical techniques that sift through vast datasets to identify patterns and predict future trajectories. Understanding the causes and consequences of ecological changes is essential for effective management and conservation, with human activities and natural factors often playing significant roles. The chapter concludes with a call to action for collective efforts towards sustainability, highlighting the role of individuals, communities, governments, and organizations in safeguarding the health and integrity of Earth's ecosystems.
Assessing Ecological Risk
Authors: Ram Bindurani L. G. P. , Fegade Sachin A.
Published: May 2024

Assessing ecological risk and evaluating biodiversity loss are essential components of conservation planning and management. This chapter examines methodologies and approaches used in these assessments to understand the complex interactions between human activities and ecosystems. The chapter explores various techniques, including measuring species richness and abundance, assessing habitat fragmentation and connectivity, evaluating threats to biodiversity, and modeling ecosystem dynamics under different scenarios. Additionally, the importance of stakeholder engagement and participatory approaches in conservation decision-making is highlighted. By integrating these methodologies and approaches, researchers and policymakers can gain valuable insights into ecological risk and develop effective strategies to mitigate biodiversity loss and safeguard ecosystems for future generations.
Solutions and Exploratory Ideas for Environmental Sustainability
Authors: D. Jansirani , K. Ramalakshmi , K. Karunya Devi , A. Mohamed Rizwana
Published: May 2024

In light of the problems posed by fast global development and its effects on the environment, environmental sustainability has become a crucial concern. A possible route for sustainable development lies in the integration of environmental genomics, as standard methodologies might not be sufficient to solve these complex difficulties. Advanced genomic technologies are used in the interdisciplinary field of environmental genomics to research the biodiversity, relationships, and functions of species in their natural settings. The purpose of this study is to provide novel approaches and exploratory concepts for sustainable development using environmental genomics.
IoT Technology in a Sustainable and Greener Environment
Authors: Hajimahmud Vugar Abdullayev , Soltanaga Abbasova Vasila , Firudin Agazade Jale , Triwiyanto Triwiyanto
Published: May 2024

Sustainability is at the heart of modern nature-based projects. Ensuring sustainability is implemented within the framework of 17 SDGs, which are considered Sustainable Development Goals. The main goal here is for both humanity and nature to have a higher quality of life. Many technologies are used to implement and ensure sustainability. The integration of technology into nature is developing on a different scale than in the recent past. Emphasis is now placed on the introduction of more nature-friendly technologies. These are mainly known as green technologies and are applied in many different sectors. Another category of green technologies is green information technologies, which are used to implement more sustainable computing. In addition, green technologies especially integrated into the smart environment are known as the green internet of things by being integrated into the internet of things ecosystem resulting from the establishment of a network of smart green technology or in other words smart devices. In this chapter, the integration of green technologies into the internet of things ecosystem, its features, green IoT devices, and their application in various sectors in terms of sustainability are discussed.
Water Quality Classification Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Khang Alex , Hajimahmud Vugar Abdullayev , Singh Khushwant
Published: May 2024

Over the last several years, many more contaminants have had a substantial impact on the quality of the water. It directly affects both the environment and human health. The WQI serves as a gauge for effective water management. The fight against water pollution benefits from knowledge about water quality, including how to model it for predictions. Establishing a trustworthy prediction model for river water quality that can determine the index value based on river water quality requirements is the study's main goal. In order to determine which characteristics were important in determining the quality of river water, this study will examine and contrast the performance of many classification models and algorithms. Eleven sample sites have been selected for the data collecting process, which are dispersed among various locations along the river that flows through Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The dissolved oxygen content, temperature, pH, hardness, chloride, and other seven environmental parameters that impact the quality of water are used to calculate the water quality index. Water quality prediction model is developed using supervised machine learning methods, such as logistic regression and support vector repressor. To classify the water quality index, a classification model was created using SVM classifiers. The SVM classifier classifies the water quality index with an accuracy of 83%, whereas the logistic repressor predicts the water quality index well. The developed models performed well in terms of categorization and prediction of the water quality index.
Bioelectronics in Waste Treatment Systems
Authors: Nayak Arpita , Satpathy Ipseeta
Published: May 2024

The combination of biological processes with electrical monitoring and control mechanisms has resulted in bioelectronics, a technology that holds significant potential for improving waste treatment systems. In this study, the authors investigate the use of bioelectronics in waste treatment systems and their potential to contribute to environmental sustainability and resource recovery using TAM theory. Bioelectronics, which combines biological processes with electrical monitoring and control systems, has emerged as a viable method for waste treatment optimization. Waste treatment facilities can use bioelectronic sensors, actuators, and monitoring devices to optimize different process parameters, improve treatment efficiency, and reduce their environmental impact. Bioelectronics improves waste treatment operations by merging modern electronic monitoring and control systems with biological treatment mechanisms.
Integrating Technology Into Farming
Authors: Kokate Hrishikesh , Havale Dhanashri Sanadkumar , Chavan Pravin
Published: May 2024

Precision farming, often known as digital agriculture, minimizes production costs by identifying both temporal and geographical changes within fields to achieve the highest levels of productivity and profitability, sustainability, and land resource conservation. The need to alter agricultural management techniques to sustainably safeguard natural resources including water, air, and soil quality while retaining economic advantages is being driven by the general public's growing environmental consciousness. It involves applying inputs (such insecticides and fertilizers) in the proper amounts, at the appropriate times, and locations. “Site-specific administration” is the term used to describe this kind of management. With almost a third of the world's food requiring irrigation for production, the productivity of the global food supply has increased in recent decades, mostly due to the expansion of irrigation systems. Global market rivalry for agricultural commodities, in general, puts traditional agricultural systems' economic sustainability in jeopardy and necessitates the creation of innovative, flexible production systems. With a focus on the methodical operationalization process, the goal of this chapter is to suggest a technology driven farming. The chapter intends to highlight how precision agriculture (PA) can facilitate farmers to use new technologies to make their farms more productive without hurting the quality of their crops or land. The chapter discusses the current status and opportunities for digitalizing agriculture sector.
Integration of Advanced Design Patterns in Deep Learning for Agriculture Along With Waste Processing
Authors: Rani K. P. Asha , S. Gowrishankar
Published: May 2024

Over the past few decades, there has been a tremendous development in machine learning (ML), particularly in the areas of deep learning (DL) and transfer learning (TL). Deep learning has emerged as a powerful approach for solving complex problems in various domains such as computer vision, natural language processing, and speech recognition. At the same time, transfer learning has proven to be an effective technique for leveraging pre-trained deep learning models in new application domains with limited data. Design patterns, that are formalized best practices, offer a way to capture common problems and provide reusable solutions using generic and well-proven machine learning designs. This chapter aims to provide an overview of the advancements in deep learning and transfer learning, while emphasizing the significance of design patterns in addressing common challenges during the design of machine learning applications and systems. This work explores the implementation and results of various machine learning models on the mushroom classification dataset. The dataset comprises descriptions of 23 species of gilled mushrooms, with diverse features like cap shape, color, odor, and more. The goal was to classify mushrooms as edible, poisonous, or of unknown edibility. Among the models considered, the multi-layer perceptron (MLP), recurrent neural network (RNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), autoencoders, and Boltzmann machine were trained and evaluated. The MLP, RNN, and LSTM exhibited exceptional performance, achieving perfect training and testing accuracies of 1.0000. These models successfully learned the underlying patterns and features, resulting in accurate predictions on both training and shown test data. Deep learning can optimize mushroom waste processing by classifying waste types, optimizing composting conditions, and extracting nutrients for reuse, enhancing sustainability and resource recovery in agriculture. It also predicts market demand, automates quality control, and facilitates predictive maintenance, improving efficiency and reducing environmental impact.
Hyperparasitic showdown: Sclerodermus cereicollis, a non-aggressive but surprisingly secondary hyperparasitoid
Authors: Malabusini Serena , Lupi Daniela
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the dynamics of hyperparasitism within the Bethylidae family, focusing on the interaction between Sclerodermus cereicollis and Goniozus legneri, two parasitoid wasp species characterized by different sociality and aggressivity towards conspecifics. Experimental trials were conducted using Corcyra cephalonica larvae as hosts, with different setups to stimulate competition. The results revealed unexpected behaviors, especially by S. cereicollis, including aggressive interactions, cannibalism, and hyperparasitism. In contrast, despite the typically aggressive nature of G. legneri, no particular hostility was observed toward S. cereicollis. The study highlights the complex dynamics of competition for resources among parasitoids, shedding light on the adaptive strategies and fitness costs associated with hyperparasitism. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the ecological interactions within parasitoid wasp communities.
Cardiovascular sequelae in post-COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe CT severity score: A follow-up study
Authors: Agarwal Niharika , Goyal Anamika , Pursnani Nikhil , Kanaujia Garima , Semwal Akanksha , Agrawal Prabhat , Raj Abhishek
Published: May 2024

Objective:

To study cardiovascular sequelae of post-COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe computed tomography (CT) severity score.

Methods:

A prospective, non-randomized, observational study was conducted on 100 post-COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe CT severity scores from January 2021 to December 2021. Fifty- nine were male [mean age (54.1±12.2) years] and 41 were female [mean age (46.9±15.1) years]. Patients with previous cardiovascular disease, previous chronic lung disease, and pre-existing primary or secondary pulmonary hypertension were excluded. Patients were examined, and serial electrocardiogram and 2D echocardiography were performed to detect any cardiovascular abnormality.

Results:

Post-COVID-19 patients had persistent symptoms, the most common being fatigue (59%). Most of these symptoms were relieved on follow-up. A rise in systolic, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate was observed. The electrocardiographic evaluation revealed ST-T segment changes, sinus tachycardia, ventricular hypertrophy, and arrhythmias among a considerable number of patients. On echocardiography, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was most common (43%). Pulmonary hypertension, as evidenced by elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure, was seen in 15% of patients.

Conclusions:

The present findings reveal an increased incidence of cardiovascular complications after recovery from COVID-19 infection in those without pre-existing cardiovascular or chronic lung disease.
Complex Pediatric “Spin Dryer” Injuries – An Uncommon Mechanism and Pattern of Synchronous Upper Limb Fractures
Authors: Mencia Marlon M. , Goalan Raakesh
Published: May 2024

Ipsilateral humerus and forearm fractures, or ‘floating elbow,’ are high-energy injuries, uncommon in children and usually due to falls or motor vehicle accidents. Early models of washing machines were associated with various reports of upper extremity injuries in children, mostly occurring when the child attempted to remove clothes from a spinning machine. Some of these accidents resulted in serious injuries, including amputation, but have become considerably less common with the introduction of improved safety features in modern appliances.

We describe the successful management of a child with multiple complex upper limb fractures caused by a modern washing machine.
Challenges for Technology Adoption Towards Primary Geriatrics Services
Authors: Kumar B. S. , Shalini Shivananjiah P. , Rao Y. Medha , Hedberg Pia , Liljegren Per-Daniel , Edin-Liljegren Anette
Published: May 2024

Background:

The telemedicine-based approach facilitates remote health and social care for maintaining autonomy, thereby improving quality of life for geriatric patients with associated morbidities. Thus, the present study focusses on various challenges encountered during the use of technology-based model for geriatric care in urban as well as rural settings.

Materials and Methods:

The present operational research-based study was conducted on 2531 elderly individuals from rural and urban settings. The HUB and spoke model have been developed using cloud-based teleconsulting as well as mobile-based teleconsulting approaches which were setup up in rural and urban areas in India and Sweden for teleconsulting of elderly population. The rural and urban elderly population were screened using the telemedicine-based model. Feedbacks were taken from elderly subjects in both rural and urban settings to assess various challenges encountered during the use of technology-based model for geriatric care

Results:

Of 2531 elderly individuals, 701 (27.7%) individuals belonged to the urban population, while 1830 (72.3%) individuals belonged to the rural population who were examined with the help of model developed using telemedicine technology. Majority of persons screened were in the age group of 60–69 years with mean age 69.7 ± 7.90 years. Some of the challenges faced implementation of this tele-geriatrics model includes non-availability of accurate patient history, limitations over clinical examination, etc. have been highlighted working upon which would further improve this model.

Conclusion:

This teleconsultation-based model developed through this study provides practical evidence for its use in treating elderly population and associated challenges thereby improving their quality of life.
Attitudinal Change toward Yoga after Its Introduction in the New Curriculum
Authors: Mishra Aparajita , Mohapatra Ipsa , Burma Amrita , Sarkar Bidisa
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Benefits of yoga for a healthy life and stress management are proven; yoga was introduced into the new medical curriculum (competency-based medical education) from 2019 batch. This study was conducted to compare the attitudinal change of medical students and to identify the barriers of yoga practice among those with yoga in curriculum to those without.

Materials and Methods:

Using a cross-sectional study design, a total of 300 students (150 each from sixth [traditional] and fourth semesters [new curriculum]) were contacted. A self-administered researcher-made questionnaire (Google form) was sent to those who consented. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0.

Results:

In this comparative study, among fourth and sixth semester students, it was found that 43.4% of the fourth, whereas 53.7% of the sixth semester students, knew about the benefits of yoga (P = 0.040). On comparing their attitude, “it was considered to be purely a weight loss program” by 17.9% of the fourth and 8.8% of the sixth semester students, respectively (P = 0.017). 94.5% students of the fourth semester, whereas 87.1% of the sixth semester, believed that yoga helped in improving immunity (P = 0.023). The barriers for practicing yoga cited were a lack of interest (37.1% by fourth semester, whereas 40% by sixth semester) and a lack of time (33% in fourth semester and 30.5% in sixth semester).

Conclusion:

The study helped reveal that the integration of yoga into the medical curriculum had brought an attitudinal change in them, but had not influenced their practices. The identified barriers will help implementing yogic lifestyle education programs, increasing its acceptance among medical students.
A Comparative Study of Nalbuphine and Fentanyl as Adjuvants to Bupivacaine in Spinal Anesthesia in Lower Limb Orthopedic Surgeries
Authors: Parekh Khushbu M. , Gupta Namita , Sachdeva Sudhir , Jethava Durga
Published: May 2024

Background:

Subarachnoid block is the most common technique employed for lower limb orthopedic surgeries. Adjuvants such as fentanyl and nalbuphine are added to increase the duration of post-operative analgesia. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of nalbuphine and fentanyl as adjuvants to bupivacaine in providing intra-operative anesthesia and post-operative analgesia in lower limb orthopedic surgeries.

Objectives:

The aim of this article is to compare the characteristics of sensory and motor block, hemodynamic parameter, time of first rescue analgesia, and adverse effects between the two groups.

Materials and Methods:

In this clinical trial, 80 patients undergoing elective lower limb orthopedic surgeries under spinal anesthesia were randomly allocated into two groups. In group BN, the patients received 0.5% 3 mL (H) bupivacaine + 800 mcg nalbuphine. In group BF, the patients received 0.5% 3 mL (H) bupivacaine + 25 mcg fentanyl. In both the groups, characteristics of sensory and motor block and time for first rescue analgesia were compared.

Results:

The onset of motor block, the maximum level of the block, and time to reach the peak level of the block were significantly faster in the BF group. Duration of motor block and time for first rescue analgesia were significantly prolonged in the BN group. However, there was no significant difference in time for two-segment regression [P = 0.157 (NS)] and hemodynamic changes.

Conclusion:

We conclude that combination of fentanyl as adjuvant to bupivacaine provides higher segmental level sensory blockage and faster sensory and motor blockage than nalbuphine. But nalbuphine gives longer time of post-operative analgesia than fentanyl did.
Burkitt’s Lymphoma at Nose and Nasopharynx of a 10-Year-Old Boy—A Case Report
Authors: Swain Santosh K.
Published: May 2024

Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive and rapid neoplasm that is curable and highly sensitive to chemotherapy. It can affect any organ or part of the body, leading to several clinical presentations. Early diagnosis and treatment of BL are very important before landing life-threatening complications such as airway compromise and compression of vital structures such as the spinal cord. This is a case of a 10-year-old boy, who developed BL at the posterior part of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. This case report aims to describe the rarity of the location, course of the pathology, clinical presentations, investigations, and treatment. As BL is an aggressive neoplasm and is considered a serious health problem, it needs timely diagnosis for prompt and appropriate treatment.
Impact of Nutritional Status of Children Admitted in PICU on Mortality and Morbidity
Authors: Samanta Moumita , Das Sanjay , Mahato Saikat , Rai Akash , Sinhamahapatra Tapan K.
Published: May 2024

Objectives:

Anthropometry is a routine and simple procedure to assess the nutritional status of a child. We aimed to study the impact nutritional status has on the mortality and morbidity of children admitted in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India.

Materials and Methods:

We performed a prospective observational study to assess the relation between anthropometric measurements of children on admission in PICU and their outcomes in terms of mortality and morbidities (total stay in PICU, duration of mechanical ventilation, requirement of inotrope, delay in enteral nutrition, and total duration of enteral feeding).

Results:

Sixty children were included out of which 45 were under 5 years of age and 15 were more than 5 years of age. Children under 5 years with normal weight for age, weight for height, and mid-upper arm circumference had higher chances of survival. Similarly, in children >5 years of age, those with weight for age and body mass index for age in 25th–50th percentile had higher chances of survival. All these associations were statistically significant. On further analysis, these anthropometric measurements that affected mortality also influenced morbidities significantly.

Conclusion:

Children with inadequate nutritional status as assessed by anthropometry had statistically significant higher mortality and morbidity in the PICU. Thus nutritional status of a child on admission is an important factor to prognosticate the outcome of a child in PICU.