bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supporting voluntary prolonged labour market participation through fiscally sustainable schemes
Authors: Mertl Jan , Farkacová Lenka
Published: March 2024

The article deals with the issue of fiscal support of participation of the
senior population in the labour market. The main reasons for addressing this
issue are not only the ageing population and the shortage of people on the
labour market in Czechia but also the need to improve the fiscal revenues
and fiscal sustainability in general. The article aims to define rules for
setting employees? tax burden that would motivate older workers to remain on
the labour market after reaching the statutory retirement age and to
demonstrate the impact of these measures on the fiscal yield. The article
contains model calculations relating to specific proposals for addressing
this situation. We show why and how those fiscal measures work, first at a
theoretical level of individual variables, and then we assess the impact on
public finance if these measures are introduced.
Measuring Corporate Human Capital Disclosures: Lexicon, Data, Code, and Research Opportunities
Authors: Demers Elizabeth , Wang Victor Xiaoqi , Wu Kean
Published: March 2024

Human capital (HC) is increasingly important to corporate value creation. Unlike other assets, however, HC is not currently subject to well-defined measurement or disclosure rules. We use a machine learning algorithm (word2vec) trained on a confirmed set of HC disclosures to develop a comprehensive list of HC-related keywords classified into five subcategories (DEI; health and safety; labor relations and culture; compensation and benefits; and demographics and other) that capture the multidimensional nature of HC management. We share our lexicon, corporate HC disclosures, and the Python code used to develop the lexicon, and we provide detailed examples of using our data and code, including for fine-tuning a BERT model. Researchers can use our HC lexicon (or modify the code to capture another construct of interest) with their samples of corporate communications to address pertinent HC questions. We close with a discussion of future research opportunities related to HC management and disclosure.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

JEL Classifications: B40; C80; M14; M41; M54.
Disordered Eating Behaviors and Eating Disorders in Youth With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mateo Kaely , Greenberg Brooke , Valenzuela Jessica
Published: March 2024

Objective

This systematic review aimed to examine disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) in youth with type 2 diabetes. Specifically, we sought to describe the most common DEBs, identify risk and protective factors, and review screening tools and interventions that have been developed for and/or used in this population.

Research design and methods

A systematic review was performed of randomized controlled, quasi-experimental, case, and qualitative studies focused on DEBs in youth with type 2 diabetes. All studies were rated for quality by the first and second authors.

Results

Five reports from four unique studies were included in the review. Trends found in the reviewed studies included that approximately half of youth study participants with type 2 diabetes had elevated scores on the Diabetes Eating Problem Survey–Revised. Based on the limited data available, these youth were more likely to engage in DEBs than youth with type 1 diabetes. Risk factors for DEBs in youth with type 2 diabetes included obesity, body weight/shape concerns, and caregiver subclinical binge eating.

Conclusion

There is very limited published literature regarding DEBs in youth with type 2 diabetes, suggesting a need for further research to better develop a framework to illuminate key influential variables in the development of DEBs in this population, further develop screening tools, and design effective interventions.
ChatGPT-4 generates orthopedic discharge documents faster than humans maintaining comparable quality: a pilot study of 6 cases
Authors: Rosenberg Guillermo Sanchez , Magnéli Martin , Barle Niklas , Kontakis Michael G , Müller Andreas Marc , Wittauer Matthias , Gordon Max , Brodén Cyrus
Published: March 2024

Background and purpose: Large language models like ChatGPT-4 have emerged. They hold the potential to reduce the administrative burden by generating everyday clinical documents, thus allowing the physician to spend more time with the patient. We aimed to assess both the quality and efficiency of discharge documents generated by ChatGPT-4 in comparison with those produced by physicians.Patients and methods: To emulate real-world situations, the health records of 6 fictional orthopedic cases were created. Discharge documents for each case were generated by a junior attending orthopedic surgeon and an advanced orthopedic resident. ChatGPT-4 was then prompted to generate the discharge documents using the same health record information. The quality assessment was performed by an expert panel (n = 15) blinded to the source of the documents. As secondary outcome, the time required to generate the documents was compared, logging the duration of the creation of the discharge documents by the physician and by ChatGPT-4.Results: Overall, both ChatGPT-4 and physician-generated notes were comparable in quality. Notably, ChatGPT-4 generated discharge documents 10 times faster than the traditional method. 4 events of hallucinations were found in the ChatGPT-4-generated content, compared with 6 events in the human/physician produced notes.Conclusion: ChatGPT-4 creates orthopedic discharge notes faster than physicians, with comparable quality. This shows it has great potential for making these documents more efficient in orthopedic care. ChatGPT-4 has the potential to significantly reduce the administrative burden on healthcare professionals.
Effect of Microbial Consortia on Soil Health, Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Soybean Grown in a Vertisol of Central India
Authors: Sahu R. K. , Naqvi Iram Zehra , Tagore G. S. , Vikash  , Thakur R. K. , Yadav Shailu , Mitra N. G.
Published: March 2024

A field experiment was carried out in the research farm of the Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidhyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India during Kharif season of 2021-22. The experiment was performed with nine treatments comprised by Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, EM and their consortia with FUI and UFUI (absolute control) in randomized block design. The soybean crop was grown in the field along with recommended package of practices. The result showed that the yield of soybean was 43% higher (2351 kg ha -1) than control FUI and better uptake of N (145 kg ha-1 by seed and 125.6 kg ha-1 by straw), P (7.9 kg ha-1 by seed and 14.9 kg ha-1 by straw) and K (42.3 kg ha-1 by seed and 65.0 kg ha-1 by straw) by soybean were found due to inoculation of microbial consortia of Rhizobium, Pseudomonas and EM culture. The Physico-chemical properties (pH, EC and OC), availability of nutrients (NPK with vales of 288, 29 and 335 kg ha-1 respectively), enzymatic activities (Acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and  dehydrogenase activities with values of 42.2, 69. 8 µg PNG h-1 g-1 of  soil  and 12.9 μg TPF hr-1 g-1 of soil, respectively) and microbial population (Rhizobium by 35.1×106, total bacteria by 39.3×107, fungi by 41.9×104 and actinomycetes by 38.7×103 cfu g-1 soil) in soil also improved with the same treatment as compared to FUI. It is strongly recommended that the inoculation of microbial consortia improved the soil health and soybean production too instead of single inoculation by modulating microbial population which improves the soil health by nutrient fixation, solubilization and mobilization and plant growth promotion.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KUALITAS AUDIT DALAM MENDETEKSI BUKTI-BUKTI KECURANGAN DI LAMPUNG INDONESIA
Authors: Widiyanti Ade , Metalia Mega , Sembiring Sari Indah Oktanti
Published: March 2024

Terbukti dari temuan Indonesia Fraud Survey 2019 yang dilakukan oleh ACFE Indonesia, mengungkapkan bahwa laporan merupakan alat yang paling umum untuk mendeteksi kecurangan, kinerja unit pengawasan internal sebagai auditor internal dinilai kurang optimal. Auditor internal berkontribusi 23 hingga 40 persen dalam mendeteksi kecurangan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas auditor internal untuk mengidentifikasi aktivitas penipuan tidak berada pada level tertinggi. Menurut studi teoritis dan temuan empiris, kapasitas untuk mendeteksi kecurangan dapat dihalangi oleh Kualitas Audit seperti menerima penjelasan auditee yang tidak memadai, gagal mengejar item yang diaudit, dan keluar sebelum waktunya. Beberapa elemen, termasuk komitmen profesional, sikap, dan kinerja, telah ditemukan mempengaruhi Kualitas Audit.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implikasi karakteristik auditor yang terdiri dari seperti komitmen profesional, kepribadian, dan kinerja terhadap kualitas audit serta konsekuensi dari perilaku ini terhadap kapasitas seseorang untuk menemukan aktivitas kecurangan. Untuk keperluan penelitian ini, auditor internal yang bekerja di Unit Audit Internal Universitas Islam di Indonesia akan menjadi unit analisis. Penelitian ini menggunakan random sampling. Pemodelan persamaan struktural berbasis kovarian digunakan untuk menganalisis data (SEM).
A Study of E-Banking Services in Public Sector Banks in India
Authors: Saraswati Saraswati , Singh Netra Pal
Published: March 2024

Bankers in India provide ease of service by utilizing information technology for safe and appropriate transaction services. With this paradigm change in view, this research paper embodies the analysis of three dimensions/factors of e-banking: accessibility, convenience, and security, and the impact of these factors on customer satisfaction. The study is based on the secondary and primary data collected with a structured questionnaire from 165 respondents in the vicinity of the district of Palwal, Haryana. The public sector banks and respondents were selected using the criteria of the convenience sampling method. The data was collected on 17 statements of inherent three dimensions on a 5-point Likert scale and three statements of customer satisfaction dimension. The collected data was subjected to inferential statistics and dimension reduction/factor analysis. The results indicate a positive contribution of three latent variables towards the overall satisfaction of customers of public sector banks in India.
Business Performance Based on Entrepreneurial Orientation, Motivation, and Organizational Commitment in Snack Food MSMEs
Authors: Silaningsih Endang , Kartini Tini , Ibrahim Zahra Azkia
Published: March 2024

This study examines the effect of entrepreneurial orientation and motivation on business performance with organizational commitment as an intervening variable in snack food MSMEs in Cisarua District. The sample used was 58 snack food MSMEs in Cisarua District. This research is descriptive and verification with the path analysis method. This study resulted in the findings that entrepreneurial orientation and motivation have an influence on business performance and organizational commitment. Organizational commitment served as an intervening variable. Based on the result of this study, business actors must be able to improve entrepreneurial orientation and motivation in order to improve business performance and organizational commitment.
Pathfinding Solving in Maze Game Using Backtracking Algorithm
Authors: Prasetyo Tegar Arifin
Published: March 2024

Games are a means of entertainment that great demand by the community. Besides games as entertainment, games can also practice thinking skills to find solutions. A game that contains elements of artificial intelligence requires algorithms in its implementation. One type of the game is Maze Game, where players are required to find a way out of the maze. Backtracking algorithm was chosen to solve this game. This algorithm works recursively to solve problems by finding possible solutions. If the path being traced is not the right solution, it will be backtracked and traced to other paths. This solution will not be ignored or deleted. But if the path taken is right, it will continue to check the next path until the player reaches the final solution.
Segmentation of Mentoring Customer Characteristics Using the K-Means Method and Hierarchical Clustering for Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
Authors: Rahadiyan Hanif Aristyo
Published: March 2024

In the next 10-20 years, it is expected that Indonesia will enter a demographic bonus era, where the population of productive age exceeds that of non-productive age. This presents an opportunity for startups in the field of education to prepare better human resources in Indonesia. With the recent Covid-19 pandemic, the government has implemented regulations that require online teaching and learning. Startups, such as Outstanding Youth Indonesia (OYI), play a role in bridging distance learning, leading to increased competition in the education sector. To stay competitive, OYI is implementing a customer relationship management (CRM) strategy, using consumer characteristic segmentation through the K-means method and hierarchical clustering. The study aims to test the consumer characteristic cluster results and provide CRM recommendations based on the segmentation results. The results of the study revealed that the K-Means method was more optimal, with a score of 0.657, compared to hierarchical clustering of 0.644. The clusters tested included categories, intended education, and types of scholarships. Three clusters were produced: cluster 1, dominated by high school/vocational high school students; cluster 2, mostly university students; and cluster 3, dominated by employees of government agencies. Cluster one had the largest silhouette coefficient. Based on the clustering, a strategy was generated for each cluster to improve CRM in OYI.
Efficiency of the Combination of Machine Learning Models in the Evaluation of Weather Parameters
Authors: Mubakilayi Yannick , Ntumba Simon , Kafunda Pierre , Cimanga Salem , Kabulu Gracias
Published: March 2024

In this article we exploit the potential presented by the combination of machine learning models (Ensemble Learning) as one of the essential points of the Soft aspect, i.e. observation tools, monitoring, sampling and study of meteorological parameters in order to provide effective support and monitoring of measures taken at different levels in the fight against climate change and sustainable management of the environment by creating a learning model automatic composed of the measurements of the various meteorological parameters (Temperature, Rainfall, Humidity rate, Wind speed, etc.) by training this model using the Ensemble Learning technique called "BOOSTING" on the various measurements taken from each indicator so as to continuously train on past data and be able to predict the next weather forecast with high precision or even make annual or multi-year projections of the evolution of our climatic situation and present this to the various players in our environment and thus enable them to better anticipate possible extreme situations that could negatively affect our environmental situation.
Implementation of BiLSTM-SVM Algorithm to Detect Fake News on Text-Based Media
Authors: Liman Felix , Carsten Carsten , Sufinata Sufiandy , Irviantina Syanti , Winardi Sunaryo
Published: March 2024

Online media is one of the places where news can spread quickly and everyone can access it easily and freely. Not only real or valid news is spread on online media, but fake news can also be easily spread on online media, and readers sometimes do not realize that the news they read is fake. As a result, wrong opinions arise that can lead to disputes, as well as divisions between individuals or groups. This study implements the BiLSTM-SVM algorithm to detect fake news that is spread on one of the online media, namely Twitter. The steps taken are tidying up the news text (text preprocessing), converting every word from the news text into numbers in vector form (word embedding), processing the numbers, and then classifying the results of the processing with the BiLSTM-SVM model formed with TensorFlow 2.0 help, and see the performance generated by the BiLSTM-SVM algorithm. The results obtained include an accuracy rate of 86% and an F1 Score value of 87.5% in detecting news from data validation with the same news topic.
Network Routing Optimization Using Tabu Search Algorithm in Dynamic Routing
Authors: Iskandar (Scopus ID: 55316114000) Iwan
Published: March 2024

Internet penetration is increasing along with the need for data packages for communication such as social media, chatting, video conferencing and others. On large-scale networks such as the Internet, dynamic routing is used to build routing protocol information in the routing table automatically. Currently, Djikstra's algorithm is used to solve the shortest path problem in dynamic routing. In this research, the optimization of the algorithm is carried out in determining the best path or trajectory. One of the optimization algorithms is the Tabu Search Algorithm which can guide heuristic local search procedures to explore the solution area outside the local optimum point. This optimization is assessed from the test parameters measured from the smallest cost. The data analyzed is in the form of bandwidth and topological flow. From the results of tracing the path of data packets sent through 9 routers using the Tabu Search algorithm with the parameters namely number of Neighbor Solutions = 50, Length of tabu list = 10, Maximum Number of Iterations = 100, the result of the path matrix value is 180.9676. The path taken is router 0-2-4-8-9
Hubungan Self Confidence terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Siswa Kelas VIII MTsS Muhammadiyah Alamanda Pasaman Barat
Authors: Zulmahera Zulmahera , Aniswita Aniswita
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan apakah ada korelasi yang signifikan antara self confidence siswa kelas VIII MTsS Muhammadiyah Alamanda Pasaman Barat dengan kemampuan mereka untuk memecahkan masalah matematika. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif korelasional dan pendekatan kuantitatif Ex Post Facto. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan angket self confidence dan soal kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa kelas VIII. Dari hasil penelitian dan analisis data dengan menggunakan uji t disimpulkan bahwa ada korelasi signifikan antara self confidence terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa kelas VIII di MTsS Muhammadiyah Alamanda
Hubungan Gaya Belajar dan Motivasi Belajar Dengan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Prasadhana Rahadyan Lazuardhi , Riyanto Yatim , Yulianingsih Wiwin
Published: March 2024

Tujuan penelitian yaitu ingin mengetahui hubungan gaya belajar dan motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik di PKBM Homeschooling Primagama Bekasi. Penelitian ini dilakuan di PKBM Homeschooling Primagama Bekasi. Dalamopenelitian iniopopulasi yang akanoditeliti adalah seluruh siswa dioPKBM Homeschooling Primagama Bekasi yang berjumlah 111 orang. Pada penelitian ini, peneliti akan mengambil sampel siswa dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Sampel yang akan diteliti memilikioketentuan, merupakanosiswa di PKBMoHomeschooling Primagama Bekasi yang masih aktif pada jenjang SMP dan SMA karena dianggap sudah dapatoberkomunikasi denganocukup baik danodapat menilai kebutuhan dirinya sendirioserta bersediaomenjadi sampelopada penelitianoini. Jumlah siswa yang menjadiosampel sebanyak 29oorang pada jenjangoSMP dano50 orang pada jenjangoSMA. Pada penelitian ini terdapat 2 variabel bebas yaitu home adalahogaya belajar dan motivasi belajar. Pada penelitian ini variabel terikatnya adalah hasil belajar peserta didik (Y). Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner yang terdiri dari pernyataan yang disesuaikan dari variabel penelitian yaitu gaya belajar dan motivasi belajar. Sedangkan data hasil belajar diperoleh dari dokumentasi, yaitu nilai rapor semester genap dari masing-masing sampel pada penelitian ini. Teknik analisis pada penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda. 1) Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara gaya belajar dengan hasil belajar sebesar 9,9%. Gaya belajar yang paling banyak digunakan oleh siswa adalah auditori, 2) Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara motivasi belajar dengan hasil belajar sebesar 22,1%. Sebagian besar siswa sudah memiliki motivasi belajar yang tinggi. 3) Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara gaya belajar dan motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar sebesar 32%. Penggunaan gaya belajar yang sesuai diimbangi dengan motivasi belajar yang tinggi akan menghasilkan hasil belajar yang lebih tinggi daripada kondisi yang sebaliknya
Katalisasi Penjaminan Mutu Lulusan Berbasis Iasp 2020 Pada Satuan Pendidikan di Buton Tengah
Authors: Tundreng Syarifuddin , Halidin Halidin
Published: March 2024

Sekolah merupakan lembaga formal yang dapat membangun mutu pendidikan secara umum. Olehnya itu sekolah seharusnya dapat melakukan penjaminan mutu lulusan agar menghasilkan output yang berkualitas dan kompeten untuk menghadapi tantangan global di masa yang akan datang. Penjaminan mutu lulusan tersebut akan tercapai melalui proses akreditasi. Mulai tahun 2020, proses akreditasi telah di sederhanakan dari berbasis kepatuhan menjadi berbasis kinerja yang di sebut dengan  Instrumen Akreditasi Satuan Pendidikan 2020 (IASP 2020). Terdapat  4 komponen di dalam instrumen tersebut yakni komponen mutu lulusan, proses pembelajaran, mutu guru, dan managemen sekolah. Komponen mutu lulusan mempunyai bobot paling tinggi dibandingkan komponen yang lain karena diyakini bahwa berhasilnya suatu pendidikan di sekolah dapat dilihat dari gambaran mutu lulusannya. Oleh karena itu, diharapkan kepada semua sekolah untuk meningkatkan penjaminan mutu lulusan agar dapat meraih nilai akreditasi yang tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk melakukan penjajakan terhadap proses penjaminan mutu lulusan yang berbasis akreditasi dengan menggunakan IASP 2020 di SMA Negeri 1 Mawasangka Tengah  Kabupaten Buton Tengah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini case studi. Pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling, dengan pertimbangan sekolah  yang telah mengalami proses akreditasi dengan menggunakan menggunakan IASP 2020. Sasaran dalam penelitian ini adalah tim manajemen sekolah  guru dan staf
Meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran melalui peran kepala madrasah dan guru
Authors: Pratama M. Arifky , Gustini Gustini , Hartono Budi , Yusri Yusri , Permatasari Iin , Zubair Ahmad
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini menginvestigasi pengaruh kinerja kepala madrasah dan guru terhadap mutu pembelajaran di MTs Swasta Kabupaten Bengkulu Selatan. Metode survei penjelasan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan analisis jalur digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan antar variabel. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kinerja kepala madrasah dan guru secara bersama-sama memberikan dampak positif dan signifikan pada mutu pembelajaran. Kinerja kepala madrasah, terutama keampuan, komitmen, dan motivasi, memiliki pengaruh positif yang signifikan. Rekomendasi peningkatan pelatihan kepala madrasah menjadi strategis. Kinerja guru, melibatkan kompetensi pedagogik, profesional, sosial, dan kepribadian, juga memberikan kontribusi positif yang signifikan pada mutu pembelajaran. Rekomendasi difokuskan pada pengembangan kompetensi guru dan peningkatan motivasi. Sinergi antara kinerja kepala madrasah dan guru menyoroti pentingnya kolaborasi efektif dan implementasi kebijakan yang mendukung. Implementasi kebijakan ini melibatkan peningkatan sinergi, koordinasi yang baik dalam perancangan strategi pembelajaran, identifikasi kebutuhan siswa, dan evaluasi efektivitas metode pengajaran. Perlunya dukungan dari semua pihak, termasuk pemerintah daerah, orang tua siswa, dan masyarakat, dalam menciptakan lingkungan pendidikan yang kondusif untuk peningkatan mutu pembelajaran. Perlu adanya pembinaan dan pelatihan untuk kepala madrasah dan guru dalam mengembangkan keterampilan manajemen, komunikasi, dan kepemimpinan guna mencapai sinergi yang optimal. Sinergi antara kepala madrasah dan guru bukan hanya strategi pendukung, melainkan juga landasan untuk meraih prestasi yang lebih baik dalam dunia pendidikan.
Costs of Obtaining Revenues in Polish Corporate Income Tax on the Example of Compensation
Authors: Kobylski Piotr
Published: March 2024

This study is devoted to the issue of compensation for universities for theft of funds in the Polish corporate income tax. Generally speaking, it must be stated that in the literature there are quite extensive studies on corporate income tax, while the issue of compensation in connection with theft as a premise for recognizing this loss as tax-deductible costs was treated quite fragmentarily. It is worth considering whether the actions taken by the legislator allowed for the creation of a properly functioning model of tax-deductible costs. The main research intention is to characterize the impact of legal regulations in order to determine the scope of their impact on the tax law system. It is worth noting that from a theoretical point of view, for example, a university as a taxpayer should not be liable for illegal actions of third parties. For this reason, the question must be answered whether the concept of „due diligence“ will be important from the taxpayer‘s point of view. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the culpable activity. It is therefore necessary to indicate to what extent and on what basis the legislator assumed that the developed legal solutions would determine a well-functioning structure of income in corporate income tax.
Subjekty verejnej moci vo finančnom práve a ich právne vymedzenie
Authors: Kubincová Soňa
Published: March 2024

Cieľom tohto príspevku je exkurz do právnej úpravy s poukazom na rôznorodosťoznačenia niektorých oprávnených subjektov vo finančno-právnom vzťahu,ktoré sú sporadicky označované aj ako subjekty verejnej moci a to v rámcipodsystémov finančného práva (vrátane daňového práva).
Prestávky na dojčenie z pohľadu pracovnej legislatívy a diverzity managementu
Authors: Žuľová Jana
Published: March 2024

Príspevok v prvej časti analyzuje v komplexných súvislostiach praktické otázky týkajúce sa čerpania prestávok na dojčenie v stave de lege lata. V druhej časti sa autorka zamýšľa nad možnosťou čerpať tieto prestávky aj otcami v kontexte právnej veci C-104/09 Roca Álvarez, aby následne ponúkla zamestnávateľom príležitosť otvoriť na svojom pracovisku túto tému aj v rámci riadenia diverzity. Prítomnosť žien na trhu práce je nevyhnutná a žiadaná, rovnako ako zvýšenie participácie mužov na rodičovskej starostlivosti, čo však samo osebe nezaručuje ich rovnaké zaobchádzanie v týchto sférach.
LEITURA E ESCRITA NA LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA PARA SURDOS
Authors: Morais Lucas Silva , Mota Leila Saraiva , Silva Jose Ribamar Sousa da , Neves Joana d’Arc de Vasconcelos
Published: March 2024

A inserção de alunos surdos nas escolas brasileiras é assegurada pela Lei 14. 191, de 2021, que insere a educação bilíngue de surdos na LDB. Os educandários por sua vez, em sua maioria não contam com estruturas adequadas para receber esses discentes, além disso, desenvolver as habilidades em leitura e escrita em Língua Portuguesa é um dos principais desafios que circundam a sala de aula, a partir disso, o programa institucional de bolsas de iniciação a docência (PIBID) Português/Libras, da Universidade Federal do Pará/UFPA-campus/Bragança, desenvolve a pesquisa no ensino de Língua Portuguesa como L2 para alunos surdos, em escolas públicas da rede estadual da cidade de Bragança do Pará. A mesma objetiva desenvolver a leitura, escrita e interpretação textual dos discentes. Para isso, apoiamo-nos nos estudos de Ângelo e Menegassi (2022), Skliar (2013) e Quadros (2006), que apontam formas de ensinar Língua Portuguesa para alunos surdos de forma dinâmica e interativa através de recursos pedagógicos. A relevância desse estudo traz contribuições para a educação inclusiva de alunos surdos nas escolas regulares brasileiras. A metodologia utilizada tem como abordagem qualitativa, realizada por meio de uma pesquisa participativa. Os resultados apontam que a produção do texto escrito em língua portuguesa pelo aluno surdo, a relevância deve ser dada ao conteúdo, mas alinhado ao conhecimento linguístico do aluno, promovendo a consciência social, a consciência semântica, a coerência e a sequência lógica. Neste sentido, as atividades desenvolvidas devem estabelecer a relação entre as duas línguas, numa abordagem visuoespacial critica.
CIÊNCIA EM EDUCAÇÃO ESPECIAL: PESQUISA CIDADÃ TRANSFORMADORA, ACESSIBILIDADE E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO
Authors: Pletsch Márcia Denise , Oliveira Mariana Corrêa Pitanga de , Souza Izadora Martins da Silva de , Cordeiro Kelly Maia
Published: March 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a trajetória do Grupo de Pesquisa Observatório de Educação Especial e Inclusão Educacional como espaço formativo compartilhado e coletivo, tendo como base três linhas orientadoras: a acessibilidade como Direito Humano; o desenvolvimento humano na perspectiva histórico-cultural; e a divulgação científica e tecnológica na área e modalidade de ensino da Educação Especial. Para tal, dialoga-se com dados de parte das pesquisas e das ações locais produzidas ao longo de 15 anos de existência do grupo, em diferentes instâncias, na perspectiva da política de inclusão. O texto traz: uma breve historicidade sobre o Grupo de Pesquisa, as condições e as possibilidades de investigação; a acessibilidade e suas dimensões como Direito Humano; e o desenvolvimento humano na perspectiva histórico-cultural. Nas considerações finais, aborda-se a ciência cidadã transformadora atrelada à divulgação científica e tecnológica na Educação Especial promovida pelo Observatório de Educação Especial e Inclusão Educacional.
Prophetic Communication in Historical and Axiological Review
Authors: Rahman Taufik , Indriati Anisah , Ridwan Muhammad K.
Published: March 2024

Prophetic communication needs to be reviewed from a historical and axiological perspective. Understanding from a historical point of view means trying to see the Prophet Muhammad as the perpetrator of the history of prophetic communication, reviewing from an axiological point of view to see how far the benefits of this prophetic communication are to human life both personally and communally. Seeing the integration of ethical and aesthetic values that must exist in prophetic communication is the next important part of unraveling prophetic communication from an axiological perspective. The research method used in this research is qualitative with a literature study, analyzing literary references and providing a critical review of prophetic communication in the historical and axiological review of these references. Suppose research on prophetic communication tends to be in the form of implementation. In that case, this research reviews prophetic communication from a historical perspective, which is the initial foundation of prophetic communication, and axiologically to see its application in individual and social aspects more deeply. The ultimate goal resulting from the implementation of prophetic communication is, of course, as we have seen to this day, namely, a change in civilization, specifically the transition from the Jahiliyah era or before the presence of the Prophet SAW to modern life today. The results of this study indicate that prophetic communication is closely related historically and axiologically.
Problems of sustainable development in aspects of world energy consumption and environmental literacy of the population
Authors: Agafonov Igor Anatolievich , Vasilchikov Alexey Valer'evich , Chechina Oksana Sergeevna
Published: March 2024

The Stockholm Conference of 1972 set a set of tasks for the governments of different countries aimed at reducing the anthropogenic impact on the natural environment. The current economic and environmental activities of modern countries are examined using the examples of India, Germany and Russia. India and Germany, which have economies of different levels of development, have a similar need for traditional heat and power resources to ensure sustainable development of the national economy and the implementation of environmental tasks set for the countries by their leadership. Russia is in an advantageous position, having large reserves of fuel and energy resources, allowing it to be independent in choosing development paths. Aware of its responsibility to future generations, our country is actively pursuing a policy of reducing its impact on the environment. The international community of scientists and experts has articulated the major human impacts in 2022, highlighting global warming, biodiversity loss, deforestation, plastic pollution, air pollution, especially greenhouse gases from agriculture, and poor government governance. There are huge food losses due to overproduction and large amounts of food waste amid nearly a billion hungry people in the world. The problem of “fast fashion” is identified, which leads to the generation of significant amounts of fabric waste, including synthetic ones. The last two problems are associated with excessive consumption of a significant part of the world's population, which contradicts the general interest of the population in the environment. The marketing policy of organizations using images of nature protection, aimed at the emotions of people who do not have a holistic picture of the world, a penchant for critical analysis, or sufficient knowledge in the field of environmental and natural sciences, is called “greenwashing”. Countering this policy, aimed at increasing consumption under the slogans of reducing the anthropogenic impact on nature, should be based on a consistent government policy to increase environmental consciousness, education and upbringing of citizens.
The state in the mechanism of law-formation as a subject of theoretical and legal knowledge
Authors: Osaulenko V.
Published: March 2024

In the content of the article, the author revealed the relevance of scientific knowledge of state issues in the system of subjects of modern law-formation. It is noted that the state in the modern conditions of the development of society acquires a new multifaceted meaning, since its role is significantly changing, namely the state faces new challenges associated with the resolution of hybrid wars, a significant increase in the number of armed conflicts on the political map of the world, a significant increase level of their aggressiveness, pandemic threats. It is emphasized that today the issue of both the scientific rethinking of the state's regulatory and protective capabilities, and the expansion of scientific ideas about the practical limits of the state's influence in improving regulation and protection of the rights, freedoms, and interests of legal subjects is becoming particularly relevant. The most significant character today is the state's influence on law-formation, ensuring a balance of interests in the formation of law, its formalization, interpretation and further socialization. However, the role of the state in the law-formation mechanism is currently in a state of significant transformation, which is accompanied by the strengthening of the state's influence on law-formation, in particular in terms of ensuring the effective implementation of state policy, especially in the areas of national security and defense, European integration, ensuring social standards, etc.

The author substantiates that the scientific understanding of the state as a subject of law­formation has an ambiguous character. This is due to the discussion in the understanding of the phenomenon itself - law-formation, its properties, which are laid by scientists as the basis for understanding the mentioned concept, including such a property as subjectivity. From a cognitive point of view, the state in the mechanism of law-formation: firstly, it is characterized by the multifaceted nature of its manifestation and functioning, providing influence and determining the content of law-formation; secondly, it is a polystructural phenomenon, exerting an influence on law-formation through the system of state­authority subjects, ensuring legal regulation of social relations of an international, national, state-wide and regional nature; thirdly, it is an instrumental means that ensures not only the formalization of the law, but also its use, execution, compliance and application; fourthly, it is a functional phenomenon, providing a comprehensive impact on both the formation of the legal framework and legal regulation as a whole; fifth, it is a political phenomenon that ensures the implementation of its own law-formation policy and helps to balance the law-formation interests of other law-formation subjects.
Evaluation of evidences when applying the "reasonable suspicion" standard of proof by investigating judges
Authors: Radzievsky Y.Y.
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of establishing the factual circumstances of the case at the stage of court control when applying the "reasonable suspicion” standard of proof. The crux of the problem is that, in practice, the vast majority of investigating judges understand this standard of proof as one that relieves them of the obligation to fully evaluate and examine the evidence and provides an opportunity to establish the reasonableness of the suspicion thanks to the so-called "reasonable evaluation of the evidence”. By making such a "reasonable assessment”, the investigating judge, without resorting to a detailed assessment of the person's actions, supposedly only has to make sure that the reported suspicion is well- founded. At the same time, the provided evidence is not subject to the same high requirements as when formulating the final indictment when the case is sent to court. Thus, without evaluating the evidence, investigating judges do not establish the factual circumstances of the case.

The fallacy of dividing the evaluation of evidence into preliminary and final is substantiated. It is noted that the term "reasonable evaluation of evidence” is not defined either in legislation or in court practice. It is proved that at the stage of court control there is a local subject of proof, which differs from the subject of proof at the stage of consideration of criminal proceedings on the merits. It is substantiated that the evaluation of evidence is an integral part of the process of proving. The internal conviction of the investigating judge (as a result of the evaluation of the evidence), necessary for making a decision on the case, can be formed only as a result of the evaluation of the evidence according to the criteria defined by Art. 94 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. "Reasonable evaluation of the evidence” without a detailed assessment of the person's actions and without "high requirements for the provided evidence” does not make it possible to establish the set of circumstances that are part of the local subject of proof and which are necessary for the correct resolution of the relevant procedural issue, and to form the appropriate internal conviction of the judge (as the result of the evaluation of the evidence). Decisions of investigative judges, which are made as a result of the so-called "reasonable evaluation of evidence”, cannot be considered reasoned in the sense of Part 3 of Art. 370 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine.
Peculiarities of international criminal liability: legal realities and past experience
Authors: Baranenko D.V.
Published: March 2024

The relevance of the topic of international criminal responsibility in the modern context is emphasized not only by the need to improve the mechanisms of legal response to violations of the international legal order but also by the need to develop and apply effective strategies to combat the most important crimes. Crimes against humanity, war crimes, and genocide are catastrophic manifestations of violations of the basic principles of humanity and international law, which require immediate and decisive measures to ensure the accountability of those responsible for such acts.

In the conditions of a constantly changing world order and new challenges facing the international community, the proper study and analysis of legal realities and experience in the field of international criminal justice acquires importance.

In the context of the evolution of international criminal law and the deepening of international cooperation in the field of justice, this study sets itself the task of identifying and analyzing the trends in the development of international criminal responsibility, focusing on the need to improve existing tools and define new strategies for ensuring the effectiveness of justice in the context of changing challenges in the modern world.

This research, aimed at promoting understanding and solving modern challenges in the field of international criminal responsibility, is of great practical importance for the development of effective measures to counter international crimes and to hold accountable those who commit such violations.

The main importance of this study lies in the fact that it contributes not only to the scientific understanding of the theoretical aspects of international criminal responsibility but also to the formulation of practical recommendations for improving the existing mechanisms of countermeasures and bringing guilty persons to justice. The scientific contribution to this topic will allow us to develop and implement new strategies for ensuring justice, as well as to determine the ways of further development of this complex and important field of international law.
The international legal regime of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons
Authors: Les I.O.
Published: March 2024

Of all the threats posed by weapons of mass destruction of all types, the threats posed by nuclear weapons are the most devastating and far-reaching in their effects, because even limited use of such weapons anywhere in the world would have devastating economic, ecological and societal consequences in overall consequences. Addressing this danger requires a multifaceted approach. It was under this circumstance that the international Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) became global and approached universality in terms of the number of participating countries.

Regarding the issue of balance between the consensus model of decision-making and the institutional hierarchical structure of decision­making within the framework of the nuclear non­proliferation system, opponents and supporters of the concept of multilateralism in international relations believe that the nature of the nuclear non-proliferation system should be considered from opposite positions. The first perspective is based on the theory and practice of the Westphalian system of interaction between sovereign states, each of which seeks to survive or maximize its power in a world in which interstate relations are anarchic. From this perspective, nuclear nonproliferation is a purely national policy with its own goals, including disarmament.

Therefore, the NPT is nothing more than a combination of political will and government commitments aimed at preventing or hindering the possibility of obtaining nuclear weapons by other states. However, the global nature of the threat of nuclear proliferation forces opponents of the concept of multilateralism to recognize the need for limited cooperation between states, mainly within the framework of non-binding agreements that only partially define national policy and often do not contain any provisions for collective enforcement measures. Therefore, for opponents of the concept of multilateralism, the NPT is a tool for promoting national interests.
Factors shaping the content in the definition and species characterization of sanctions in public international law
Authors: Mulyavka V.S.
Published: March 2024

In modern conditions, international legal sanctions continue to be the most important manifestation of coercion in interstate relations, playing a primary role in the protection of international law and order, as they are used by subjects of international law to respond to international violations, if necessary.

International legal sanctions have become an important instrument of international relations used to ensure the implementation of international law, resolve conflicts and establish order in the world. This article examines the various types of international legal sanctions, their mechanisms of application and potential challenges faced by the international community.

The institution of international legal sanctions is a special law enforcement and law enforcement institution. It performs the function of enforcing the correction of the mechanism of international legal regulation when, as a result of an international offense, changes occur in its normal functioning and the restoration of international legal order is not possible or cannot be ensured by means of exclusively conciliatory (voluntary) means of procedural settlement. The institution of international legal sanctions is closely related to the institution of international legal responsibility. The specificity of the relationship lies in the fact that international legal sanctions are applied only to the offending entity that resists the voluntary fulfillment of its obligations to eliminate the harmful consequences of an international offense, and are ultimately aimed at reaching an agreement between the entities applying international legal sanctions and the offending entity.

The application of international legal sanctions involves an active role of international organizations, in particular the United Nations. The decision to impose sanctions is made by consensus or voting in cases of systemic violations of international law or threats to international security.

Although international legal sanctions are considered to be an important tool in the regulation of international relations, there are challenges that require increased attention.

The article systematizes the types of international legal sanctions, including economic, military and diplomatic sanctions. The author highlights their focus on states, groups or individuals, as well as the mechanisms for their introduction and lifting. In particular, the author examines the effectiveness and possible negative consequences of sanctions for the population and economy of the targeted countries.

Special attention may be paid to the interaction of international legal sanctions with other instruments of international politics, such as diplomacy, negotiations and peacekeeping measures.