bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated multi-omics unveils novel immune signature for predicting prognosis in colon cancer patients
Authors: Guo Jing , Zhang Zili
Published: April 2024

Background
Colon cancer, a prevalent malignancy, is subject to intricate immune modulation, which substantially affects both treatment efficacy and prognostic outcomes. Furthermore, colon cancer is highly heterogeneous, and our comprehensive understanding of its immune microenvironment has not yet been fully realized. There is still ample opportunity for in-depth investigation into the composition and interactions of immune cells within colon cancer, as well as their implications for disease prognosis.
Methods and Results
In this study, we employed single-cell data from colon cancer to distinguish immune cells from non-immune cells through cluster analysis. Furthermore, we conducted an in-depth analysis of myeloid and T cells, which were categorized into 20 distinct cell subpopulations. Functional enrichment analysis revealed T cells' active involvement in the Fatty Acid Metabolism and Adipogenesis pathways, while immune checkpoint-associated genes (ICGs) were notably upregulated in CD8+ T cells. Subsequent analysis involved calculating gene scores to characterize cell subpopulations, which, when combined with patient survival time analysis, revealed a significant association between the gene characterization score (referred to as "imm-score") and the survival of colon cancer patients. Specifically, the presence of CD8+-ANXA1hi-T cells was linked to shortened overall survival in the high imm-score subgroup. Subsequently, combined with genomic analysis, patients in the high imm-score subgroup exhibited elevated tumor mutation burden (TMB) and heightened activity in both the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Notch signaling pathway. Finally, according to our new algorithm, scores calculated predicted the effectiveness of immunotherapy for patients. The results revealed that patients with lower scores could achieve better therapeutic outcomes with immunotherapy.
Conclusion
This study offers an extensive analysis of the interplay between T cells and myeloid cells within colon cancer tissues, exploring their impact on the survival and prognosis of colon cancer patients. Additionally, it unveils the potential significance of the imm-score in colon cancer, potentially indicating a poor prognosis and providing novel insights into the immune-regulatory mechanisms underlying the disease.
A case of nephrotic syndrome diagnosed as AL amyloidosis treated by daratumumab: a case report
Authors: Fukumitsu Kento , Fujisaki Kiichiro , Matsumoto Hidenori , Takeuchi Miyosi , Nakamata Yusuke , Muta Takanori , Yufu Yuji , Shiratsuchi Motoaki , Tsuchimoto Akihiro , Nakano Toshiaki
Published: April 2024

Background: Nephrotic syndrome caused by immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis has a poor prognosis with conventional treatment. Daratumumab has been shown to kidney and cardiac prognoses in amyloidosis. However, few studies have reported treatments for AL amyloidosis followed by nephrotic syndrome. We report a case of nephrotic syndrome caused by AL amyloidosis, who had resistance against conventional treatment, and whose disease was significantly improved after the administration of daratumumab.
Case presentation: A 71-year-old woman developed acute leg edema, and 6 months later, she was diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome (The urine protein-creatinine ratio (UPCR) 5.98 g/g Cr, albumin 2.6 g/dL) and acute kidney injury at our hospital. She was diagnosed with renal amyloidosis by renal biopsy and bone marrow puncture revealed monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. She was treated with a combination of cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone. However, her proteinuria had not improved 1 year later, and she developed liver amyloidosis, which led to gradual weakness. She was readmitted to hospital and started a combination of daratumumab plus conventional therapy. UPCR was decreased to 1–2 g/gCr, and liver amyloidosis improved significantly. Moreover, she had a hematologic complete response.
Conclusions: Daratumumab combined with conventional therapy might improve nephrotic syndrome with AL amyloidosis.
Comparison of visual function analysis of people with low vision using three different models of augmented reality devices
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Sarika , Kartha Arathy , Schuchard Ron , Fletcher Donald
Published: April 2024

In this study we compare visual function in individuals with low vision using three different models of augmented reality (AR) devices. Three models of AR devices were used: Ziru, IrisVision, and NuEyes-Pro3. 27 individuals with low vision (< 20/60) were recruited. The distance visual acuity (VA) was measured in High luminance high contrast (HLHC), High luminance low contrast (HLLC), Low luminance high contrast (LLHC), and Low luminance low contrast (LLLC) settings. The other tests were near VA, distance CS, and near CS. The change in visual function without and with AR devices was analyzed. Out of 27 participants, 17 were female. The mean age was 66.7 ± 18.2 years. The mean baseline VA was 0.79 logMAR in HLHC, 0.92 in HLLC, 0.92 in LLHC and 1.11 in LLLC. The baseline near VA was 2.09M, distance CS was 1.08 logCS, and near CS was 1.12 logCS. Distance and near vision showed significant differences with both Ziru and IrisVision (p < 0.01), but not with NuEyes. There was a significant change in CS using Ziru and IrisVision for both distance and near (p < 0.05) but both reduced significantly with NuEyes (p < 0.01). Majority of the visual functions had improvement with Ziru and IrisVision, whereas the improvement was limited with NuEyes.
Comparative Accuracy of Three Artificial Intelligence Algorithms for Automatic Cobb Angle Measurement in Scoliosis: An Analysis Using Disease-specific Teaching Data
Authors: Kato Shuzo , Maeda Yoshihiro , Nagura Takeo , Nakamura Masaya , Watanabe Kota
Published: April 2024

Spinal deformities, including adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and adult spinal deformity (ASD), affect many patients. The measurement of the Cobb angle on coronal radiographs is essential for their diagnosis and treatment planning. To enhance the precision of Cobb angle measurements for both AIS and ASD, we developed three distinct artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms: AIS/ASD-trained AI (trained with both AIS and ASD cases); AIS-trained AI (trained solely on AIS cases); ASD-trained AI (trained solely on ASD cases). We used 1,612 whole-spine radiographs, including 1,029 AIS and 583 ASD cases with variable postures, as teaching data. We measured the major and two minor curves. To assess the accuracy, we used 285 radiographs (159 AIS and 126 ASD) as a test set and calculated the mean absolute error (MAE) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between each AI algorithm and the average of manual measurements by four spine experts. The AIS/ASD-trained AI showed the highest accuracy among the three AI algorithms. This result suggested that learning across multiple diseases rather than disease-specific training may be an efficient AI learning method. The presented AI algorithm has the potential to reduce errors in Cobb angle measurements and improve the quality of clinical practice.
Reversible in-situ assembly of PROTACs using iminoboronate conjugation
Authors: Yang Ce , Xie Yayun , Yang Xiaoxiao , Yin Jun , Wang Binghe
Published: April 2024

Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) offer a promising degradation-based alternative to classical inhibition-based therapeutic interventions. PROTACs are hetero-bifunctional molecules, which incorporate a ligand for the target protein, an E3 ubiquitin ligase recruiting group, and a linker to bring together ubiquitinating machinery and the target protein for degradation. Such bifunctional molecules generally have molecular weights in a significantly higher range than “mono-functional” inhibitors of various targets. The high molecular weight of PROTACs can limit cellular permeation and other drug-like properties. With these challenges in mind, we envision the idea of reversible covalent assembly of PROTAC molecules to allow for cellular penetration of individual components and then in-situ assembly at the site of action. A key to the realization of this idea is to select the right “assembly chemistry,” which offers the appropriate affinity for dissociation for cellular penetration and yet assembly on-site. For this, we resort to neighboring-group (boronic acid) assisted conjugation of a carbonyl group with an oxyamine or hydrazine for the assembly of hetero-bifunctional PROTACs, the use of a GFP-fused HaloTag as a model system for studying protein degradation, and ligands for cereblon and VHL as the E3 ligands. These options lead to several combinations and thus different PROTAC assemblies. In this initial feasibility study, we demonstrate the reversible assembly of the two components, as designed. We further demonstrate the ability of such assemblies to induce protein degradation by flow cytometry and western blot studies. Varying degree of potencies for the different assemblies were observed, demonstrating the need for further optimization.
Clinical characteristics of membranous nephropathy after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a real-world multicenter study
Authors: Jin Yue , Zhao Peng , Zhang Yuan-Yuan , Ye Yi-Shan , Zhou Fang , Wan Ding-Ming , Chen Yi , Zhou Jian , Li Xin , Wang Yan , Liu Yue , Bian Zhi-Lei , Yang Kai-Qian , Li Zhen , Zhang Jian , Xu Wen-Wei , Zhou Jian-Ying , An Zhuo-Yu , Fu Hai-Xia , Chen Yu-Hong , Chen Qi , Wu Jin , Wang Jing-Zhi , Mo Xiao-Dong , Chen Huan , Chen Yao , Wang Yu , Chang Ying-Jun , Huang He , Huang Xiao-Jun , Zhang Xiao-Hui
Published: April 2024

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a rare complication that can occur after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). MN patients may develop nephrotic syndrome or even kidney failure, which greatly affects their quality of life and prognosis. However, current information regarding MN after allo-HSCT is very limited. Thus, a multicenter nested case‒control study was conducted. Patients who had been diagnosed with MN after allo-HSCT were retrospectively identified at 8 HSCT cent res. A total of 51 patients with MN after allo-HSCT were included. The median age of MN patients after allo-HSCT was 38 years, and the median duration from HSCT to MN was 18 months. The use of HLA-matched donors (P = 0.0102) and peripheral blood as the graft source (P = 0.0060) were identified as independent predisposing risk factors for the onset of MN after allo-HSCT. Compared with those in the control group, the incidence of extensive chronic graft-versus-host disease was greater in the MN patients (P = 0.001). A total of 31 patients developed nephrotic syndrome. Patients receiving combination treatments of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants appeared to have better outcomes. In conclusion, MN is a rare but occasionally severe complication following HSCT and may require active treatment.
“I mean, it kind of saved my life, to be honest”: a qualitative study of participants’ views of dialectical behaviour therapy for Multiproblematic Eating Disorders Group Programme
Authors: McColl Carrie , Hindle Shelly , Donkin Liesje
Published: April 2024

Background
Despite the increasing use of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) as a treatment for eating disorders (EDs), there is little published evidence of its effectiveness for treating restrictive eating disorders. DBT for EDs may be particularly helpful for those who live with severe and enduring eating disorders (SE-EDs) given that it targets those for whom first-line treatments have not been effective, its focus on factors thought to maintain symptoms and its focus on improving quality of life. This study sought to evaluate the experiences of participants in a comprehensive DBT programme for people with SE-EDs.
Methods
Semistructured interviews were conducted with seven female participants who were treated in the ‘DBT for Multidiagnostic Eating Disorders (MED-DBT)’ programme at a regional eating disorders service in New Zealand. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed via thematic analysis.
Results
The findings indicate that the MED-DBT programme was perceived as effective by participants. The skills learned provided participants with valuable tools that could be used to better manage emotions, crises, and tasks of daily life, which improved their quality of life and improved their management of their eating disorder symptoms. Several participants reported that the programme saved their lives. A key component of the MED-DBT programme was having access to phone coaching that supported participants with the acquisition and consolidation of skills to reduce crises and solidify learning of the skills. These skills have continued to be used by participants more than five years posttreatment.
Conclusions
The qualitative findings of the present study suggest that the MED-DBT programme is an effective and valuable treatment for participants. All participants endorsed the MED-DBT programme for ED treatment. The treatment programme was seen as a highly beneficial and feasible treatment that could provide greater options for treating complex clients with severe and enduring eating symptomology with confidence.
Quest for good vision without peripheries - behavioral and fMRI evidence
Authors: Ninghetto Marco , Kozak Anna , Gałecki Tomasz , Szulborski Kamil , Szaflik Jacek P , Ołdak Monika , Marchewka Artur , Burnat Kalina
Published: April 2024

In healthy vision, bright slow-motion stimuli are primarily processed by regions of the visual system receiving input from the central part of the scene, while processing of the dark fast-motion stimuli is more dependent on the peripheral visual input. We tested 31 retinitis pigmentosa patients (RP) with long-term loss of peripheral photoreceptors and healthy controls with temporarily limited peripheral vision. We measured motion-based acuity, using random-dot kinematograms, establishing individual thresholds for differentiating circle from an ellipse. fMRI session with the task difficulty set at the constant level followed. We showed that limiting vision in controls does not affect the motion-acuity thresholds, but results in brain activations, different from RP patients, indicating prompt implementation of the perceptually successful strategy. Impaired motion-acuity in RP patients led to decreased brain activations compared to controls with full and limited vision and included strong response within peripheral primary visual areas V1-3. Importantly, lower activations in MT+/V5, in salience-processing cortices and in superior temporal cortex in RP patients were also detected in controls with limited peripheral vision, revealing brain networks which compensate for loss of peripheral vision.
Improving Bifurcated Scaffold Morphologies: The Feasibility of Culotte Techniques with Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffolds
Authors: Tu Sheng , Zhang Linlin , Tian Qingqing , Hu Fudong , Wang Mengru , Chen Lianglong
Published: April 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) performance with culotte stenting techniques and evaluate bifurcated scaffold morphologies.
Methods: Conventional culotte stenting (CCS), double kissing mini-culotte stenting (DKMCS), and double kissing single-ring culotte stenting (DKSRCS) were executed in silicone bifurcated models. Procedures concluded with final kissing balloon inflation and proximal optimization technique. Microcomputed tomography assessed morphological parameters like side branch (SB) residual ostial stenosis and neocarina length (LNC) quantitatively. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) measured strut malapposition rates (SMR).
Results: Quantitative assessments showed that BVS, in comparison with CCS, had significantly enhanced scaffold expansion at the SB ostium (6.29 ± 0.36 mm2 vs 6.71 ± 0.37 mm2, P = 0.05; 6.29 ± 0.36 mm2 vs 6.78 ± 0.26 mm2, P = 0.05, respectively), and decreased SB ostial stenosis(0.14% ± 0.04% vs 0.08% ± 0.04%, P < 0.05; 0.14% ± 0.04% vs 0.08 ± 0.03%, P < 0.05, respectively), LNC (0.49 ± 0.10 mm vs 0.30 ± 0.08 mm, P < 0.05; 0.49 ± 0.10 mm vs 0. 28 ± 0.06 mm, P < 0.05, respectively) and gap width(1.48 ± 0.06 mm vs 1.21 ± 0.06 mm, P < 0.05; 1.48 ± 0.06 mm vs 1.10 ± 0.04 mm, P < 0.05, respectively) in both DKMCS and DKSRCS. Notably, DKMCS and DKSRCS demonstrated reduced SMR, especially in scaffold overlap areas, as revealed by OCT.
Conclusions: DKMCS and DKSRCS offer superior morphological outcomes for BVS models than CCS, suggesting BVS as a viable and effective technique for culotte stenting.
Role of HTK cardioplegic solution in reducing inflammatory response during cardiac arrest: a rat model with a right thoracotomy
Authors: Qiu BingMei , Wang Lei , Ding PeiCheng , Wang AnLi , Zhang Xing , Wang ChangTian , Feng ShanWu
Published: April 2024

Objective: The aim of this research was to develop a rat model for CPB that was both elementary and cost-effective while also being characterized by minimal inter-individual variability.
Materials and methods: Thirty rats were randomly assigned to three groups: the HTK, 4:1 blood cardioplegia (BC) and del Nido cardioplegia (DN) groups. The CPB procedure was established and post-CPB was persevered for a period of 2 hours and then samples of heart and blood were collected for analysis.
Results: During CPB, the average hematocrit level was significantly below the typical physiological range (P<0.001). Histopathological scores were notably reduced in the HTK group in contrast to the BC group (P<0.001) or the DN group (P<0.001). At 2 hours after CPB, the levels of CK and CKMB in the DN and BC groups were notably elevated compared to the HTK group (P < 0.001). The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α proteins were notably increased in all three groups (P<0.001), with the BC and DN groups showing higher increases compared to the HTK group (P<0.001).
Conclusions: The rat model was capable of reflecting the real organ injury of patients undergoing cardiac surgery and HTK was more beneficial in reducing inflammatory response.
Cerebellar atrophy and ataxia caused by "White Pill" (phenytoin) poisoning: A case report
Authors: Wei Wan , Shi Huanqing , Zhang Zheng , Liu Fei , Li Lingfei , Nie Tian , Jiang Lin
Published: April 2024

Background
Phenytoin is associated with acute and chronic toxic effects due to its narrow range of therapeutic index, and clinical symptoms and imaging changes of phenytoin toxicity are difficult to recover.
Case presentation
We present a case of a 23-year-old female who is a known case of generalized tonic-clonic seizures on phenytoin for 4 years and had developed cerebellar symptoms due to the cerebellar toxicity and atrophy caused by prolonged use of phenytoin. Patient’s symptoms improved upon gradually withdrawal of the drug.
Conclusions
We should recommended Epileptic to go to a regular hospital for treatment, regular monitoring drug concentration level of phenytoin, avoiding irreversible damage caused by phenytoin toxicity.
Analysis of Glass Fibre Reinforced Composites Leaf Spring in Light Commercial Vehicle
Authors: Aggarwal Shivam , Kumar Krishan , Aggarwal M.L.
Published: April 2024

Leaf spring is designed to bear load as well as shocks in automotive vehicles. Two leaves of glass fibre-reinforced composite (GFRC) of various shapes sandwiched between steel plates have been analysed for application in a minitruck. Computer-aided engineering analysis was done for five different types of GFRC material leaf springs: both flat leaf, flat and parabolic leaf, both parabolic leaf, both parabolic leaf springs with aluminium alloy bush at eye-end and spring steel multi-leaf springs. A silencer pad was used in the parabolic leaf spring to reduce delamination and vibration at contact points of the mating leaf. Various shapes and combinations of leaf, provided varying parameters of deformation, maximum equivalent strain, maximum equivalent stress and fatigue life. CAE results show that the flat leaf and parabolic leaf combination provided maximum equivalent strain, maximum equivalent stress and fatigue life as compared to other cases.
Short-term Changes in Tnf-alpha, Il-6 and Adiponectin Following Bariatric Surgery in Romanian Obese Adults – an Observational Case-control Study
Authors: Ion Răzvan Marius , Hutanu Adina , Sala Daniela Tatiana , Constantin Calin , Fodor Stefania , Septimiu Voidazan , Muresan Mircea Gabriel , Neagoe Radu Mircea
Published: April 2024

Background:
Bariatric surgery plays an impotant role in immnological modulation by reducing levels of systemic inflammatory markers, such as interkleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha.
The goal of this study is to establish the possible correlations between obesity-linked chronic systemic inflammation, materialized objectived through the cytokine plasma profile and weight loss process after metabolic surgery.
Materials and methods:
An observational cohort study included two categories: patients with obesity – bariatric group and patients without obesity – control group between February 1, 2021 and March 1, 2023. Baseline characteristic, anthropometric measurements, biochemical assessments and inflammatory biomarkers were taken both before surgery and one year after the procedure. The bariatric group undergo two types of bariatric procedures: majority were performed to laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy whereas a select few of patients underwent one anastomosis laparoscopic gastric bypass.
Results:
A prospective study comprising 55 Caucasian patients - 33 patients with morbid obesity mean age of 41.76±10.78 and mean BMI of 43.34± 7.51 kg/m2. We note that preoperative levels of IL-6 have a positive correlation with WC (r=0.354, p=0.043), weight (r=0.549, p=0.001) and BMI (r=0.520, p=0.002). After applying the Kruskal Wallis Test and Dunn’s Test significant differences for IL-6 (p=0.010, p<0.05) and adiponectin (p=0.024, p<0.05) were obtained. No correlation was found between adiponectin, IL-6, TNF- α and anthropometric indices after surgery.
Conclusions:
Our study demonstrated that bariatric surgery significantly changes the level of inflammatory cytokines one year after operation. We failed to demonstrate the predictive role of preoperative plasma cytokine profile for the weight loss process after metabolic procedures.
Clinical study of alveolar bone mucosa-periosteal bone flap as horizontal bone augmentation
Authors: Xu Xinghuanyu , Xu Pu , Liu Shuangxi , Cheng Yanan , Zhang WenBai , Yu Dou , Lu Liying
Published: April 2024

Background The present work focused on observing the efficacy of alveolar bone mucosa- periosteal bone flap in alveolar ridge horizontal bone augmentation with dental implant placement. Methods This was a retrospective study involving 49 patients with 99 implants, which was conducted to measure the alveolar ridge widths pre- and post-operatively. The alveolar ridge widths were 4.77 ± 1.49 mm preoperatively and 7.68 ± 1.60 mm postoperatively. Results There was a significant difference in alveolar ridge width before and after operation (P < 0.05), to be specific, the alveolar ridge width increased by 2.91 ± 0.11 mm after operation. Conclusion These results suggest that alveolar bone mucosa-periosteal bone flap technique is an effective method to increase the alveolar ridge width with the simultaneous placement of dental implants, which is worthy to be recommended in clinical practice.
Geometry Modeling of a Spur Gear using Parametric Equation & Global Variables.
Authors: Rahman Anayatur , Kumar Arun
Published: April 2024

Spur Gears are most commonly used gears which are having teeth with involute profile. The involute is a specific geometry which is relatively difficult to draw and it is time consuming also. This paper describes a step wise procedure to develop a standard template in SolidWorks software to model a spur gear using gear parameters such as module, no of teeth& pressure angle as a global variables & equations. The involute curve of the gear is generated using parametric driven equation. The standard template may be used to generate solid CAD (Computer Aided Design) model of the spur gear of any size efficiently by just changing the gear parameters.
Investigating the use of nerve fiber diameter for a more accurate diagnosis of the length of the aganglionic segment in patients with Hirschsprung's disease compared to intraoperative biopsy
Authors: Talebi Ali , Kahdouei Mohammadsadegh Talebi , Memar Elmira Hajiesmaeil , Ashjaei Bahar , Raji Hojatollah , Adel Maryam Ghavami
Published: April 2024

Objective:
The aim of this study is to investigate the accuracy of utilizing nerve fiber diameter in accurately diagnosing the length of the aganglionic segment in patients definitively diagnosed with Hirschsprung's disease.
Results:
In this study, 40 patients (19 males, 21 females; mean age 2.5±2.2646 years) were assessed for Hirschsprung's disease. Constipation was the main symptom (75%), followed by abdominal issues. All underwent contrast enema and rectal suction biopsy for diagnosis, followed by surgery (predominantly Soave and Swensen techniques). Majority (85%) had rectosigmoid involvement. Neural fiber diameter was measured, with 52.5% ≤40 µm and 47.5% >40 µm. Statistical analysis showed 40% sensitivity(CI:95%) and 47% specificity(CI:95%) with a cutoff of 40.5 µm. Cohen's kappa index for aganglionic segment size was 0.7.
Negative Pathway of Wandering Minds: Serial Mediation Effect Between Mind Wandering and Internalising Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety
Authors: Guan Siqing , Takahashi Toru , Tomita Nozomi , Kumano Hiroaki
Published: April 2024

Abnormal self-referential processing, such as ruminating and worrying, has been shown to sustain internalising symptoms including depression and anxiety. However, examinations of the specific types of dysfunctional mind wanderings (MWs), which are real-time and fluctuating internally-oriented thoughts that trigger abnormal self-referential processing, and the cognitive processes that contribute to internalising symptoms have been limited. This study aimed to identify dysfunctional MWs associated with psychological symptoms by differentiating between intentionality and MW content. This study found that high-frequency intentional MW, particularly focused on past experiences or positive/neutral content, was not associated with internalising symptoms and led to lower levels of worry. The results indicate that rumination and worrying sequentially mediate the link between unintentional MW, which encompasses vague, future-oriented, and negative content and internalisation of symptoms. However, regarding negative unintentional MW and internalising symptoms, pathways in which worry alone served as a mediator were also observed along paths in which rumination and worry were sequentially mediated. This study’s results help us understand that individual traits of rumination and worry play distinct roles in abnormal self-referential processing, particularly within the realm of dysfunctional MW types and their involvement in symptom internalisation.
Plasma SQSTM1/p62 act as a biomarker for steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Hou Wenyuan , Peng Peng , Xiao Fangjun , Tian Jiaqing , He Xianshun , lu Shun , Xiao Huan , He Mincong , Wei Qiushi
Published: April 2024

Background: Autophagy is closely associated with the onset and progression of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SIONFH). SQSTM1/p62 is an important indicator of autophagic activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of SQSTM1/p62 in the development of SIONFH.
Methods: From May 2021 through November 2021, 36 patients diagnosed with SIONFH and 36 healthy controls were recruited for this study. Evaluations included imaging and pathologic assessment of clinical bone tissue, location and level of SQSTM1/p62 expression, plasma SQSTM1/p62 levels, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.
Results: We observed that the expression level of SQSTM1/p62 in bone samples decreased with the Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) phase. Plasma SQSTM1/p62 levels were significantly higher in the SIONFH group compared to healthy controls. Plasma SQSTM1/p62 levels were higher in pre-crash patients than in post-crash patients, and lower plasma SQSTM1/p62 levels were associated with elevated ARCO stage.
Conclusion: Plasma SQSTM1/p62 may represent a potential biomarker for different stages during SIONFH. Lower plasma SQSTM1/p62 levels indicate an advanced stage of SIONFH. This study provides new clues for early diagnosis of SIONFH.
A Series of Genetically Confirmed Congenital Lipodystrophy and Diabetes in adult Southern Indian Patients
Authors: Rajan Remya , Chapla Aaron , Johnson Jabasteen , Varghese Deny , Asha Hesarghatta , Jebasingh Felix , Kapoor Nitin , Paul Thomas , Thomas Nihal
Published: April 2024

In this study, we analysed the mutation spectrum in subjects with suspected lipodystrophy using a targeted Next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach. Subjects with suspected lipodystrophy were for screened six genes (AGPAT2, BSCL2, LMNA, PPARG, ZMPSTE24, INSR) and the variants identified were confirmed through Sanger sequencing. The clinical and biochemical parameters were compared among the mutation positive and negative subjects. We identified eight individuals with pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations, including both homozygous and heterozygous variants. Homozygous variants included AGPAT2 c.493-2A>G, c.258_259insGGCTG, and BSCL2 c.570del, while heterozygous variants encompassed LMNA c.1444C>T, c.1456A>G, c.1445G>A, and PPARG c.949T>C mutations. In this cohort, three subjects were diagnosed with congenital generalized lipodystrophy, while the remaining five had familial partial lipodystrophy. Notably, more than half of the subjects (5/8) achieved optimal glycemic control through insulin sensitizers (PPARγ). Interestingly, even with a limited gene panel test, mutation-positive individuals exhibited a higher prevalence of typical clinical features and biochemical characteristics associated with lipodystrophy compared to their mutation-negative counterparts. In subjects with lipodystrophy, targeted NGS based screening may establish a genetic diagnosis and aid in family screening and genetic counselling. Knowing the clinical and biochemical features typical to lipodystrophy may help in diagnosis especially in resource limited setting.
The effect of HIV on the association of hyperglycaemia and active tuberculosis in Zambia, a case-control study
Authors: Bailey Sarah Lou , Floyd Sian , Cheeba-Lengwe Maina , Maluzi Kwitaka , Chiwele-Kangololo Kasanda , Kaluba-Milimo Deborah , Amofa-Sekyi Modupe , Yudkin John S , Godfrey-Faussett Peter , Ayles Helen
Published: April 2024

Objectives
To determine if HIV modifies the association between hyperglycaemia and active tuberculosis in Lusaka, Zambia.
Methods
A case-control study among newly-diagnosed adult tuberculosis cases and population controls in three areas of Lusaka. Hyperglycaemia is determined by random blood glucose (RBG) concentration measured at the time of recruitment; active tuberculosis disease by clinical diagnosis, and HIV status by serological result. Multivariable logistic regression is used to explore the primary association and effect modification by HIV.
Results
The prevalence of RBG concentration ≥ 11.1mmol/L among 3,843 tuberculosis cases was 1.4% and among 6,977 controls was 1.5%. Overall, the adjusted odds ratio of active tuberculosis was 1.60 (95%CI 0.91–2.82) comparing those with RBG concentration ≥ 11.1mmol/L to < 11.1mmol/L. The corresponding adjusted odds ratio among those with and without HIV was 5.47 (95%CI 1.29–23.21) and 1.17 (95%CI 0.61–2.27) respectively; p-value for effect modification by HIV = 0.042. On subgroup analysis, the adjusted odds ratio of smear/Xpert-positive tuberculosis was 2.97 (95%CI 1.49–5.90) comparing RBG concentration ≥ 11.1mmol/L to < 11.1mmol/L.
Conclusions
Overall, no evidence of association between hyperglycaemia and active tuberculosis was found, though among those with HIV and/or smear/Xpert-positive tuberculosis there was evidence of association. Differentiation of hyperglycaemia caused by diabetes mellitus and stress-induced hyperglycaemia secondary to tuberculosis infection is important for a better understanding of these findings.
Probability Evaluation of the ternary polymerization and reactivity ratio of bio-based PA5T/56
Authors: Meng Chihan , Zhong Jiachun , Pu Zejun , Wu Wenhui , Zhu Rongli , Yang Yuhao
Published: April 2024

Bio-based PA5T/56 was successfully prepared by a nover modulated polymerization on this condition when the relationship between temperature and pressure was strictly controlled during the process to render the reactivity ratio of each monomers basically the same. In this case, the obtained PA5T/56, with approximately alternating copolymerization structure, possesses better physical and chemical performance and melt flowing properties. Meanwhile, the real-time sampling and testing was operated during the process to get the experimental values of reactivity ratio. Furthermore, the chain growth process of the ternary polymerization reaction was also calculated and simulated by referring to the Mayo-Lewis formula as well as using the Monte Carlo method, and a probabilistic statistical treatment for estimating the reactivity ratio was given. Finally, by comparing the results, it can be found that the experimental values of the reactivity ratio were in general accord in the calculated values with reference to the Mayo-Lewis formula and the simulated values of the mathematical model, the values of \({r}_{12}\) and \({r}_{13}\) are basically the same, which confirmed the successful synthesis of the bio-based PA5T/56 with approximately alternating copolymerization structure, and that the established mathematical model for estimating the reactivity ratio is relatively accurate and is applicable to the ternary polymerization.
miR394 and LCR cooperate with TPL to regulate AM initiation
Authors: Zhang Cui , Liu Liya , Hu Binbin , Guo Siying , Xue Zhihui , Wang Tao
Published: April 2024

The plant architecture is a main determinate of crop yield, and lateral branching significantly influences the number of inflorescences and seeds. Axillary buds support lateral branch growth, and the development of axillary buds includes two stages, initiation and outgrowth. Extensive studies on the outgrowth stage have uncovered fine regulatory mechanisms of branch growth, while our understanding of axillary bud initiation remains unclear. This work aims to study how miRNA regulate axillary bud initiation. By constructing small RNA library and screening mutant population, we identified miR394s promote axillary bud initiation. We found that the initiation of axillary buds is specifically induced by miR394 and repressed by its target LEAF CURLING RESPONSIVENESS (LCR) in the center of leaf axils. Using promoter-driven fluorescent tags and in situ hybridization, we showed that miR394 localized in the position where AMs initiate. Through molecular and genetic research, we found miR394 may regulate REVOLUTA-STM pathway to establish axillary meristem. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry studies showed that LCR, as an F-box protein, interacted with TOPLESS (TPL) proteins and participate in ubiquitinated protein degradation. Our results reveal an important mechanism that miR394s regulated LCR accelerates the degradation of TPL to precisely modulate axillary bud initiation.
Supplementary force effect of nonlinear energy sink inerter on vortex-induced vibration mitigation in a multiple-span structure
Authors: Xie Ruihong , Xu Kun , Gao Xingliang , Zhao Lin
Published: April 2024

Nonlinear energy sinks (NESs) with broad energy absorption and inerters with substantial mass amplification effect have found widespread investigation for vortex-induced vibration (VIV) control in recent years. However, these studies commonly overlook the sensitivity of vertical nonlinear vibration systems to additional loading effect, especially in terms of weight variations. To this end, the present study delves into the examination of the influence exerted by weighty nonlinear energy sink inerters (NESIs), specifically the bistable nonlinear energy sink inerter (BNESI) and the cubic stiffness nonlinear energy sink inerter (CNESI), on the control efficacy of VIV in structures. Universal models for the NESI-beam system, accounting for the effects of weight, have been established and numerically solved. It has been found that VIV is more sensitive to weight effects compared to harmonic forced vibration (HFV), as under weight, VIV vibrations generate more transient resonance capture (TRC) frequency ratio components, leading to a decrease in vibration control capability. The degradation of the VIV control capability is essentially due to the variation in the effective control parameter range of NESI caused by weight effects. The adoption of inerters with small inertance coefficients and large spacing between ends can significantly overcome this limitation. Moreover, the enhanced NESI system balances weight by positive linear stiffness elements, thus circumventing the impact of weight on the nonlinear stiffness system. It not only eliminates weight effects but also restricts static displacement of the mass block.
Identification of two new acetylated Iridoids from Scrophularia umbrosa rhizome
Authors: Nikkhah Elhameh , Delazar Abbas , Saadat Maryam
Published: April 2024

Scrophularia umbrosa is a medicinal plant used as a traditional herb. This plant is one of the native species of Iran and consists of about 200 species of herbaceous flowering plants, commonly known as ‘figwort’. Many iridoid glycosides have been found in the Scrophularia genus. In this research work the methanolic extracts of Scrophularia umbrosa (S. umbrosa) rhizome was studied. For this first methanolic extract of rhizome powder was subjected to the HPLC in which two materials was detected in 220 nm and was separated. In continue 1D and 2D NMR technique has been employed for the identification of the active components. finally phytochemical investigations of the S. umbrosa rhizome indicate the presence of two new acetylated iridoid glycosides, 6- O [2', 3'diacyl-4'-O-Trans-cynamoyl]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-aucubin and 6- O [2', 3’ diacyl-4'-O-Trans-p-methoxycinamoyl]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-aucubin. HNMR and CNMR were the main apparatuse to identification of these compounds which has been shown medicinal property, in rhizome of Scrophularia umbrosa.
Perspectives of Midwives on the Use of Kaligutim (Local Oxytocin) for Induction of Labour Among Pregnant Women in the Government Hospitals in Tamale
Authors: Alhassan Ahmad Sukerazu , Dakurah Shivera , Lasong Joseph
Published: April 2024

Background: The use of herbal medicine and/or its products is common throughout the world. In Tamale Metropolis, pregnant women frequently use local oxytocin to induce labour, as shown by the fact that 90% of midwives reported managing patients who used kaligutim (local oxytocin) to speed up labour. Early career midwives are also aware of this and have personally observed it being used by their clients. The purpose of the study was to assess midwives' opinions on pregnant women's use of the well-known kaligutim (local oxytocin) for labour induction in the Tamale Metropolis.
Methods: A facility-based, quantitative, cross-sectional research design was used for the study. A total of 214 working midwives from Tamale's three main public hospitals participated. Data for the study were gathered through a standardized questionnaire. For the analysis and presentation of the data, descriptive and analytical statistics, such as basic frequencies, percentages, Fisher’s exact test, chi square test and multivariate analysis, were employed.
Results: According to the findings of this study, the safety, dosages, and contraindications of kaligutim during pregnancy and labour are unknown. The cessation of contractions was reported by 44 (22.4%) of the respondents whose clients used local oxytocin. The study also revealed that women in Tamale metropolises use “walgu”, a spiritual form of oxytocin, to induce and augment labour. Respondents who responded, “yes to baby” and were admitted to the new-born care unit were 25% more likely to use kaligutim (local oxytocin) than were those who responded, “no to baby” and were admitted to the new-born care unit (AOR= 0.25 95% CI (0.01, 0.53), P=0.021).
Conclusions: It can be concluded that using kaligutim to start labour has negative effects on both the mother and the foetus. Additional research is required to evaluate the efficacy, effectiveness, biochemical makeup, and safety of these herbal medicines, particularly during pregnancy and delivery, as well as the spiritual significance of kaligutim (Walgu) and its forms.
Enteral Nutrition Support enhances the treatment of lung cancer----A multi-center real world research
Authors: Xu Jiaqiang , Yang Chunxiao , Chen Xu , Luo Juan , Li Shijun , Zhuang Qian , Hou Zhengyao , Zhang Yu , Shi Chen
Published: April 2024

Backgrounds: Since the treatment for lung cancer has been developing rapidly during the past decades, the mortality of lung cancer still remains high rate. Nutrition support plays an important role during cancer treatment. However, no standard proposal has been determined for cancer therapy.
Methods: To establish a proper, strong basic knowledge for providing an appropriate nutrition support method in the treatment of lung cancer. A multi-center real world research to explore the significance of nutrition support in the process, especially enteral nutrition was conducted in this research.
Results: Our research revealed that an appropriate enteral nutrition support would not only significantly reduce the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADR) during anti-tumor therapy, but prolong the overall survival (OS), decrease mortality rates, as well as the improvement of patient prognosis. However, the occurrence of digestive system ADR might be increased, with an optimal increased levels of albumin (ALB), which can be the reason of the risk decrease of patient mortality.
Conclusions: Thus, a propriate nutrition support method should be considered individually during lung cancer treatment, based on the comprehensive situation of patients and should be consistently provided.
Trial Registration: This study was registered in Clinicaltrial.gov, asa the registration number is ChiCTR2300070143.
Surgical site infection and antimicrobial use following caesarean section at QECH in Blantyre, Malawi: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kachipedzu Amos Tumizani , Kulapani David King , Meja Samuel James , Musaya Janelisa
Published: April 2024

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are the third most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and preventable complication of surgical procedure; continue to threaten public health with significant effects on the patients and health care human and financial resources. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the incidence of SSIs, risk factors and common microorganisms associated with SSI and assess the practice of antimicrobial use in women following CS at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH).
Methods: This was a hospital-based quantitative prospective study design involving pregnant women who underwent a Caesarean Section (CS) between February, 2023 and July, 2023 at QECH with 30 day-follow-ups. Some wound specimens (pus swabs) were collected from infected CS wounds and processed at QECH main laboratory, and susceptibility testing was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method with results reported only as susceptible, intermediate, or resistant and the collected data was analyzed using Stata.
Results: The overall cumulative incidence of SSI recorded at QECH during the study period was 10% (20 cases out of 208). Of these, 19 (95%) of them reported superficial SSI following CS. The mean age was 26.1 years with a standard deviation of 6.2. In contrast to the previous studies, potential risk factors including skin closure, age, parity or ANC visits were not associated with SSIs. The majority of patients with SSIs (n=12, 60%) were readmitted and 5 (25%) out of 20 with SSIs had antimicrobial resistance following susceptibility testing. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism (3, 60%) and other bacterial isolates included were Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter baumanni. All pregnant women who underwent for CS received antibiotic prophylaxis.
Conclusion: The incidence of SSIs and inappropriate antimicrobial use following CS remains a challenge at QECH. Therefore, due to increased number of SSIs following CS with relative emergence of AMR ensure intensive infection prevention and control practices, establishing AMS program and routine surveillance of SSIs at QECH.
Production of herbal dyes from different plant parts used in Chikmagalur, Karnataka, India.
Authors: Nagwand M/S Kiranmae P Nagwand
Published: April 2024

Herbal dye can be used as dyeing material for the Textile Fibre as well as making colourful powder which is eco-friendly, non-hazardous and very less cost effective.
In India, flowers are cultivated in a huge amount. Karnataka is the 2th largest producer of flowers after Andhra Pradesh, and next is Tamilnadu. These flowers are mainly used for decorative purposes and for offering to God. A survey report reveals that 40% of the total productions of flowers are unsold and wasted everyday which are thrown in water of rivers like Ganga, ponds lakes and different water bodies or dumped which also creates water pollution as well as environmental pollution. These wasted flowers can be used in various ways & effective utilization can generate considerable amount of revenue.
The various uses of these wasted flowers are:
Extraction of colourful dyes from these flowers.
The residual waste portion can be used as bio-fertilizers.
Scent of flowers extract can use.
Colourful dye can also be extracted from plant parts for dyeing textile fibre, using in festivals.
These herbal dyes are eco-friendly
It has no allergic action on skin like synthetic dye.
The procedure is very cost-effective and depending on it small scale Industry as well as Large scale Industry can be set up.
RETRACTED: Verifying the hybrid nature in breeding common beans against Meloidogyne javanica using microsatellite markers
Authors: Sadeghi Leila , Naderpour Masoud , Jamali Salar , Naghavi Mohamad Reza , Lahiji Habibollah Samizadeh , Noushabadi Mohammad Reza Jazayeri , Kheiri Farhad
Published: April 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Neuroathletic training in stroke rehabilitation? A single-blind randomized controlled pilot study on the potentials of neuroathletic training on balance ability in stroke outpatient rehabilitation
Authors: Evers Judith , Stolz Isabel , Klein Marilena
Published: April 2024

Recently, neuroathletic training has been increasingly applied in competitive sports, in therapy, and prevention. Scientific evidence on the effectiveness of this approach, however, has been poorly developed. To investigate possible effects of neuroathletic exercises on balance ability of post-stroke patients, a controlled trial with a standardized protocol of daily neuroathletic exercises compared to traditional movement therapy during a four-week medical rehabilitation, was conducted (N = 19). Results of the pre-post-measurement via Berg-Balance-Scale (BBS) show significant balance improvements in the intervention and control group, whereas the intervention group reached a higher total score with half the size of the standard deviation. Comparing the results of both groups, the analyses support the general effectiveness of movement therapy for the improvement of balance in stroke rehabilitation. However, neuroathletic training exercises did not lead to a stronger effect. At the same time, the intervention group did not score significantly lower than the control group. A negative influence can therefore not be assumed. For the further investigation of neuroathletic training compared to treatment-as-usual to improve the balance in stroke rehabilitation, more research with larger sample sizes and longer treatment periods is to be conducted.