bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of vetiver root on strength of expansive soil-experimental study
Authors: Wang Gui-yao , Huang Yong-gang , Li Run-fa , Chang Jing-mei , Fu Jin-liang
Published: December 2020

Grassroots have received more attention than the traditional method as soil reinforcement materials, especially the use of vetiver and other vegetation protection methods to treat expansive soil slope, have been tried and applied. To study the influence of grassroots on the strength properties of expansive soil, the laws of vetiver root growth over time and its vertical distribution of root content(δ) were firstly investigated by the experiment of planting vetiver. Then different δ and depth of planted soil were obtained. Simultaneously different δ and water content(ω) of grafted soil were made. With the direct shear test, the shear strength parameters of root-soil with different δ were analyzed. The shear test on root-soil composites with different δ was carried out to compare the strength characteristics of planted and grafted soil. The results showed that the δ of vetiver decreased with the increase of depth, and the δ of each layer increased with the growth period. The δ of 180d was 70.5% higher than that of 90d. The cohesion(c) of root-soil can be increased by more than 97%, and internal friction angle(φ) can be increased by more than 15.4% after 180 days. The c of 90 d vetiver root system can be increased by more than 18%, and the φ can be increased by more than 1.5%. At each depth, the c and φ of composite soil increases with the increase of δ, and the increment of cohesion (Δc) and the increment of internal friction angle (Δφ) increase with the increment of δ. But the increase in the ω will weaken the shear strength parameters of root-soil. Under the condition of the planted root system and grafted root system, the influence degree of δ on strength parameter of root-soil is different, and the law of strength parameters versus δ of grafted soil of 365d is similar to that of planted soil of 90d. And the root reinforcement of grafted soil is weaker than planted soil. Hence the grafted soil can´t accurately reflect the root-soil interaction of the existing root system.
Association between blood lead levels and metabolic syndrome considering the effect of the thyroid-stimulating hormone based on the 2013 Korea National health and nutrition examination survey
Authors: Choi Ji Yoon , Huh Da-An , Moon Kyong Whan
Published: December 2020

Imbalances in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), and the underlying mechanism is partly in alignment with that of lead exposure causing MetS. Many studies have reported the association between lead exposure and MetS, but no study has considered the possibility of TSH mediating lead's effect on MetS. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between lead exposure and MetS considering TSH as a partial mediator. The data of 1,688 adults (age ≥19 years) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2013 were analyzed. The prevalence of MetS in the Korean population was 21.9%, and the geometric mean of blood lead and serum TSH levels were 1.96 μg/dL and 2.17 μIU/mL, respectively. The associations between blood lead levels, serum TSH levels, and MetS were determined through a multiple logistic regression analysis. Blood lead levels were positively associated with high TSH levels (upper 25%) with an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.79 (1.24, 2.58) per doubled lead levels. The increase in blood lead and serum TSH levels both positively increased the odds of developing MetS. The OR of MetS per doubling of blood lead level was 1.53 (1.00, 2.35), and was not attenuated after adjusting for TSH levels. These findings suggest that higher levels of blood lead are positively associated with serum TSH levels and MetS. By exploring the role of TSH as a partial mediator between lead and MetS, we verified that lead exposure has an independent relationship with MetS, regardless of TSH levels.
A direct RT-qPCR approach to test large numbers of individuals for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Maricic Tomislav , Nickel Olaf , Aximu-Petri Ayinuer , Essel Elena , Gansauge Marie , Kanis Philipp , Macak Dominik , Richter Julia , Riesenberg Stephan , Bokelmann Lukas , Zeberg Hugo , Meyer Matthias , Borte Stephan , Pääbo Svante
Published: December 2020

SARS-CoV-2 causes substantial morbidity and mortality in elderly and immunocompromised individuals, particularly in retirement homes, where transmission from asymptomatic staff and visitors may introduce the infection. Here we present a cheap and fast screening method based on direct RT-qPCR to detect SARS-CoV-2 in single or pooled gargle lavages (“mouthwashes”). This method detects individuals with large viral loads (Ct≤29) and we use it to test all staff at a nursing home daily over a period of three weeks in order to reduce the risk that the infection penetrates the facility. This or similar approaches can be implemented to protect hospitals, nursing homes and other institutions in this and future viral epidemics.
On the molecular relationship between Hounsfield Unit (HU), mass density, and electron density in computed tomography (CT)
Authors: Sudhyadhom Atchar
Published: December 2020

Accurate determination of physical/mass and electron densities are critical to accurate spatial and dosimetric delivery of radiotherapy for photon and charged particles. In this manuscript, the biology, chemistry, and physics that underly the relationship between computed tomography (CT) Hounsfield Unit (HU), mass density, and electron density was explored. In standard radiation physics practice, quantities such as mass and electron density are typically calculated based off a single kilovoltage CT (kVCT) scan assuming a one-to-one relationship between HU and density. It is shown that, in absence of mass density assumptions on tissues, the relationship between HU and density is not one-to-one with uncertainties as large as 7%. To mitigate this uncertainty, a novel multi-dimensional theoretical approach is defined between molecular (water, lipid, protein, and mineral) composition, HU, mass density, and electron density. Empirical parameters defining this relationship are x-ray beam energy/spectrum dependent and, in this study, two methods are proposed to solve for them including through a tissue mimicking phantom calibration process. As a proof of concept, this methodology was implemented in a separate in-house created tissue mimicking phantom and it is shown that sub 1% accuracy is possible for both mass and electron density. As molecular composition is not always known, the sensitivity of this model to uncertainties in molecular composition was investigated and it was found that, for soft tissue, sub 1% accuracy is achievable assuming nominal organ/tissue compositions. For boney tissues, the uncertainty in mineral content may lead to larger errors in mass and electron density compared with soft tissue. In this manuscript, a novel methodology to directly determine mass and electron density based off CT HU and knowledge of molecular compositions is presented. If used in conjunction with a methodology to determine molecular compositions, mass and electron density can be accurately calculated from CT HU.
Risk factors of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma that predispose patients to local recurrence
Authors: Kaliszewski Krzysztof , Diakowska Dorota , Rzeszutko Marta , Nowak Łukasz , Aporowicz Michał , Wojtczak Beata , Sutkowski Krzysztof , Rudnicki Jerzy
Published: December 2020

Background

Currently, less aggressive treatment or even active surveillance of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is widely accepted and recommended as a therapeutic management option. However, there are some concerns about these approaches. We investigated whether there are any demographic, clinical and ultrasound characteristics of PTMC patients that are easy to obtain and clinically available before surgery to help clinicians make proper therapeutic decisions.

Methods

We performed a retrospective chart review of 5,021 patients with thyroid tumors surgically treated in one center in 2008–2018. Finally, 182 (3.62%) PTMC patients were selected (158 (86.8%) females and 24 (13.2%) males, mean age 48.8±15.4 years). We analyzed the disease-free survival (DFS) time of the PTMC patients according to demographic and histopathological parameters. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the relationships of demographic, clinical and ultrasound characteristics with aggressive histopathological features.

Results

Age ≥55 years, hypoechogenicity, microcalcifications, irregular tumor shape, smooth margins and high vascularity significantly increased the risk for minimal extrathyroidal extension (minETE), lymph node metastasis (LNM), and capsular and vascular invasion (p<0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated a statistically significant risk of LNM (OR = 5.98, 95% CI: 2.32–15.38, p = 0.0002) and trends toward significantly higher rates of minETE and capsular and vascular invasion (OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 0.97–5.19, p = 0.056) in patients ≥55 years than in their younger counterparts. The DFS time was significantly shorter in patients ≥55 years (p = 0.015), patients with minETE and capsular and vascular invasion (p = 0.001 for all), patients with tumor size >5 mm (p = 0.021), and patients with LNM (p = 0.002).

Conclusions

The absence of microcalcifications, irregular tumor shape, blunt margins, hypoechogenicity and high vascularity in PTMC patients below 55 years and with tumor diameters below 5 mm may allow clinicians to select individuals with a low risk of local recurrence so that they can receive less aggressive management.
Epstein-Barr virus LMP1 manipulates the content and functions of extracellular vesicles to enhance metastatic potential of recipient cells
Authors: Nkosi Dingani , Sun Li , Duke Leanne C. , Meckes David G.
Published: December 2020

Extracellular vesicles (EV) mediate intercellular communication events and alterations in normal vesicle content contribute to function and disease initiation or progression. The ability to package a variety of cargo and transmit molecular information between cells renders EVs important mediators of cell-to-cell crosstalk. Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is a chief viral oncoprotein expressed in most Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated cancers and is released from cells at high levels in EVs. LMP1 containing EVs have been demonstrated to promote cell growth, migration, differentiation, and regulate immune cell function. Despite these significant changes in recipient cells induced by LMP1 modified EVs, the mechanism how this viral oncogene modulates the recipient cells towards these phenotypes is not well understood. We hypothesize that LMP1 alters EV content and following uptake of the LMP1-modified EVs by the recipient cells results in the activation of cell signaling pathways and increased gene expression which modulates the biological properties of recipient cell towards a new phenotype. Our results show that LMP1 expression alters the EV protein and microRNA content packaged into EVs. The LMP1-modified EVs also enhance recipient cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, invasion concomitant with the activation of ERK, AKT, and NF-κB signaling pathways. The LMP1 containing EVs induced transcriptome reprogramming in the recipient cells by altering gene expression of different targets including cadherins, matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP9), MMP2 and integrin-α5 which contribute to extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Altogether, our data demonstrate the mechanism in which LMP1-modified EVs reshape the tumor microenvironment by increasing gene expression of ECM interaction proteins.
A single Na+-Pi cotransporter in Toxoplasma plays key roles in phosphate import and control of parasite osmoregulation
Authors: Asady Beejan , Dick Claudia F. , Ehrenman Karen , Sahu Tejram , Romano Julia D. , Coppens Isabelle
Published: December 2020

Inorganic ions such as phosphate, are essential nutrients required for a broad spectrum of cellular functions and regulation. During infection, pathogens must obtain inorganic phosphate (Pi) from the host. Despite the essentiality of phosphate for all forms of life, how the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii acquires Pi from the host cell is still unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that Toxoplasma actively internalizes exogenous Pi by exploiting a gradient of Na+ ions to drive Pi uptake across the plasma membrane. The Na+-dependent phosphate transport mechanism is electrogenic and functionally coupled to a cipargarmin sensitive Na+-H+-ATPase. Toxoplasma expresses one transmembrane Pi transporter harboring PHO4 binding domains that typify the PiT Family. This transporter named TgPiT, localizes to the plasma membrane, the inward buds of the endosomal organelles termed VAC, and many cytoplasmic vesicles. Upon Pi limitation in the medium, TgPiT is more abundant at the plasma membrane. We genetically ablated the PiT gene, and ΔTgPiT parasites are impaired in importing Pi and synthesizing polyphosphates. Interestingly, ΔTgPiT parasites accumulate 4-times more acidocalcisomes, storage organelles for phosphate molecules, as compared to parental parasites. In addition, these mutants have a reduced cell volume, enlarged VAC organelles, defects in calcium storage and a slightly alkaline pH. Overall, these mutants exhibit severe growth defects and have reduced acute virulence in mice. In survival mode, ΔTgPiT parasites upregulate several genes, including those encoding enzymes that cleave or transfer phosphate groups from phosphometabolites, transporters and ions exchangers localized to VAC or acidocalcisomes. Taken together, these findings point to a critical role of TgPiT for Pi supply for Toxoplasma and also for protection against osmotic stresses.
A Arte (Nacional) ao Serviço do Império nas Grandes Exposições de Novecentos.
Authors: Castro Maria João
Published: December 2020

A ambição da universalidade, a vontade de divulgar os benefícios trazidos pela industrialização e a fé no progresso fez com que surgisse a necessidade de se criar uma estrutura de exibição aglutinadora da nova vivência urbana: as grandes exposições universais, mundiais, internacionais ou coloniais do século XX. Plataforma a partir da qual se expôs a síntese e os frutos de um desenvolvimento feito a várias escalas e em registos diversos, a “exposição universal” reuniu, sob um mesmo desígnio, a dimensão mais gloriosa do século XX, nomeadamente no que concerne às artes.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Arte, Império, Exposições, Século XX, Europa.
“Todos os textos de canones”: is any of the books of the medieval Portuguese studium library still extant?
Authors: Leitão André Oliveira
Published: December 2020

Em 8 de Junho de 1536, Nicolau Lopes, o último bedel da universidade medieval de Lisboa, compilou um inventário que incluía todos os 156 livros da biblioteca da universidade portuguesa, poucos meses antes da deslocalização definitiva do studium generale para Coimbra, em Março de 1537. Esse inventário acabou por se tornar um documento precioso, pois permite-nos compreender a circulação de saberes, pessoas e livros na Europa na Idade Média e início do período moderno. Com base nos inventários originais da biblioteca do estudo e nos catálogos existentes de manuscritos e incunábulos da Biblioteca Geral da Universidade de Coimbra (que presentemente detém os arquivos da velha universidade medieval sediada em Lisboa), propomo-nos neste artigo a tentar compreender se algum dos volumes mencionados no inventário sobreviveu até hoje, ao mesmo tempo que tentamos identificar adequadamente alguns dos livros descritos no inventário.
Mobilidade e expertise na contratação dos primeiros professores do Instituto Superior Técnico
Authors: Sampaio Maria da Luz Braga , De Matos Ana Cardoso
Published: December 2020

No início do século XX os actores da renovação do ensino técnico em Portugal foram, por um lado, estrangeiros provenientes das principais universidades e escolas de engenharia europeias e, por outro, portugueses formados nas escolas estrangeiras que na altura eram uma referência a nível internacional. Nestas escolas serão recrutados os professores estrangeiros que integraram o primeiro grupo de docentes do Instituto Superior Técnico aos quais se associaram alguns professores do antigo Instituto Industrial e Comercial de Lisboa e outros docentes, que foram selecionados por se destacarem pelo seu saber técnico-científico e pela sua prática profissional.

Um dos contributos centrais desta análise é, com base na análise crítica dos processos individuais dos primeiros professores estrangeiros do IST, verificar como foi decisiva a rede nacional e europeia de homens de ciência e engenheiros na contratação destes professores, e verificar como Portugal se inseria numa rede supranacional de mobilidade experts e de circulação de conhecimentos.
Visões do Império
Authors: Pereira Hugo Silveira
Published: December 2020

No início do século XX, o governo português iniciou a construção de um caminho de ferro no distrito de Moçâmedes, no sul da sua colónia de Angola. As obras e posteriormente a operação da ferrovia deixaram uma considerável coleção de fotografias, que são estudadas neste trabalho. Partindo do princípio de que, ao invés do que afirmavam os seus promotores, a fotografia é um documento iminentemente subjetivo, explicito neste artigo as representações contidas nas imagens, recorrendo a uma metodologia que combina semiótica com análise fotojornalística. Demonstro como a fotografia foi utilizada para construir uma imagem de Portugal como uma nação moderna e tecnológica de vocação imperial, que cumpria a sua parte da missão de civilizar África e educar os seus habitantes no modo de vida europeu, ainda que muitas vezes à custa de atitudes discriminatórias e racistas. Contribuo assim para o debate sobre a fotografia como instrumento de Império.
As condições de vida do operariado bracarense na I República (1910-1926)
Authors: Escadas Débora Val
Published: December 2020

O movimento operário na I República é um assunto que, para Braga, não mereceu a devida atenção, desconhecendo-se qualquer investigação sobre o tema. Para realizar este estudo, utilizámos como fontes a imprensa generalista de Braga e a imprensa operária do Porto e de Lisboa, não existindo fontes de arquivo relevantes para a análise em questão.

Uma das razões que levou o operariado a apoiar os republicanos na instauração do novo regime foi a promessa de melhores condições de vida, entre elas, a promessa de resolução da carestia de vida e de abolição do imposto sobre os géneros. Promessas que não tiveram concretização prática. A mudança de regime não melhorou as condições dos operários, o que explica a sua persistente contestação aos governos republicanos.

Palavras-chave: 1ª República, movimento operário, condições de vida, Braga
CATATAN PERKEMBANGBIAKAN MELIPHAGA DADA-LURIK (Microptilotis reticulatus) DI PULAU TIMOR DAN INFORMASI TERHADAP PERDAGANGANNYA
Authors: Hidayat Oki
Published: December 2020

Streak-breated honeyeater (Microptilotis reticulatus)  is one of the endemic honeyeater birds from Meliphagidae family. Biological information on this species is very limited and poorly known. Field observation was carried out on the active nest found in 2 October 2013. In addition, investigation on social media (facebook) was carried out to examine the exploitation on this species. The results shows that the  cup-shaped nest is 5.6 cm in diameter and 4.9 cm in depth, made by wood fibre, dry grass, glued by cotton fibre from plants and spider web on small branch. Nowadays M. reticulatus is trapped and traded without any regulation from management authority. As many as 651 individuals has been trapped and sold between 2016 and 2019.
JAVANESE ENDEMIC STROBILANTHES(ACANTHACEAE): TAXONOMY, DISTRIBUTION AND CONSERVATION STATUS
Authors: Mambrasar Yasper Michael , Robiah Yayah , Z. Nira Ariasari , Supriyanti Yayan , Rosalina Dewi , Sutikno Sutikno , Jaenudin Jaenudin , Santoso Wahyudi , Surya Dede , Megawati Megawati , Mahendra Taufik , Fefirenta Agusdin Dharma , Arifiani Deby
Published: December 2020

The taxonomic status of Javanese Strobilanthes has been revised by Bennett and Scotland (2003). However, the results of the validation of the Javanese Acanthaceae by Girmansyah (2014) show that several Strobilanthes species, especially those endemic to Java, need to be revised. Because they have become synonymous. Conservation status of Javanese endemic Strobilanthes was carried out according to the IUCN Red list Categories and Criteria.
MONITORING KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS BURUNG PADA BERBAGAI TUTUPAN LAHAN DI CIBINONG SCIENCE CENTER (CSC), JAWA BARAT
Authors: Dalimunthe Yohanna
Published: December 2020

Birds play an essential role in ecosystems, especially in urban landscapes such as the Cibinong Science Center (CSC). As an urban landscape, CSC always experiences land cover changes due to the development of research infrastructure resulting in various human-made land cover types. This study aims to determine the diversity of birds in various types of land cover as a community response to CSC development dynamics. Bird data was collected using the point count method modified with a grid (plot) measuring 200mx200m with a radius of observation as far as 50m at 34 points. Landsat images were analyzed from 2006 to 2018 to see changes in land cover changes. The observations show that there are 35 species of birds. Among those, three birds are protected by Indonesian regulation. There are six type of land cover in CSC paddy fields, buildings, opened area, farm land, plantation, and water. CSC has total diversity S(mean) = 32 covering 65% of all recorded birds. At land cover level, building area show the highest diversity (Shannon=2.03) while paddy fields is the lowest (Shannon=1.45). Based on the Landsat imagery, there are several changes in vegetation and the addition of some buildings.
ANALISIS KERAGAMAN GENETIK AKSESI KEDELAI INTRODUKSI DARI WILAYAH SUBTROPIS BERBASIS MORFOLOGI DAN MOLEKULER
Authors: Terryana Rerenstradika Tizar , Safina Nickita Dewi , Suryani Suryani , Nugroho Kristianto , Lestari Puji
Published: December 2020

Genetic diversity information on soybean germplasm will establish the success of soybean breeding program. In the present study, four qualitative morphological traits information collected from Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) database (www.ars-grin.gov) and 10 microsatellite markers were used to analyze the relationship among 45 accessions of subtropical introduced soybean. The morphological characters of introduced soybean accessions contributed to support the result of molecular characterization. The introduced soybean accessions used in this study were diverse based on morphological and molecular characters. Based on principle component analysis, the flower color, pod color, and growth habit contributed most of the total genetic diversity. All introduced accessions were overlap into four quadrants based on principal coordinate analysis. All microsatellite primers showed polymorphism on total accession observed. High allele variation (9–27 alleles) was observed among tested accessions, with an average allele number and Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) value of 20.7 and 0.95 (0.92–0.97), respectively. All microsatellite markers showed PIC value >0.7 indicating that these markers were suitable for soybean diversity studies with high differentiation and with the average value of genetic diversity of 0.95. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that 45 soybean accessions could be divided into two major groups. Soybean accessions belonging to the same area did not always occupy the same group. The results confirmed that both morphology and molecular genetic diversity in a combined way could efficiently evaluate the variation present in different soybean accessions in any breeding program.
LARVA TREMATODA PADA SIPUT AIR TAWAR DI AREAL PERSAWAHAN DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Poerwanto Soenarwan Hery , Dewi Dian Antika Kusuma , Giyantolin Giyantolin
Published: December 2020

The life cycle of Digenea subclass trematodes  that mostly involves snails as intermediate host in the larval stage in the form of sporocysts, redia and cercariae. This study aims to determine the species of freshwater snails, populations and stages of trematoda larvae that infect freshwater snails in the paddy fields and also the factors that influence the population of trematoda larvae. This research method uses purposive random sampling. Snails were collected from paddy fields in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta City and Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Snails and Trematodes larvae were identified based on morphological characters with a microscope. The results showed that the species of freshwater snail as  an inang antara  of Trematode was Lymnaea sp. (96.9%), Pomacea canaliculata (2.6%), and Brotia sp. (0.5%). The total population of trematoda larvae in freshwater snails was 4329 individuals with the largest population in Sleman Regency (2784 individuals). Trematode larval stages found were sporocysts (4.8%), redia (8.3%), Leptocercous type cercariae (35.2%), and Furcocercous type cercariae (51.7%). The most trematode larvae found in  fresh water snail was  Furcocercous type cercariae. Factor affecting trematode larvae population are the species and abundance of freshwater snail.
PERILAKU SINYAL AKUSTIK DAN VISUAL DARI KATAK JANTAN Staurois gutattus DI GUNUNG POTENG KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Jakaria Mohamad , Junardi Junardi , Riyandi Riyandi
Published: December 2020

The behavior of both acoustic and visual signals has been observed in Staurois gutattus black-spotted rock frogs. The aim of the study was to determine how S. gutattus frogs communicate to find their mates through acoustic and visual signals. This research was conducted in Mount Poteng, West Kalimantan. Data were analyzed descriptively and graphically to explain the relationship between the measured parameters. Data collection of advertisement call, foot-flagging and amplexus behavior is done directly in the field. All activities carried out are recorded with the camera. The duration of each part of the breeding activity is also calculated using a stopwatch. The male frog's advertisement call and foot-flagging are carried out by the male frogs while attracting their mates to mate. Where the foot-flagging activity was mostly carried out on the rock substrate (62%), while on the leaf substrate advertisement call was more dominant (47%). Then based on the duration, activity advertisement call, foot-flagging and amplexus the longest duration was performed by male frogs in the time range 18.00-05.59. Meanwhile, from the number of individuals, the advertisement call, foot-flagging and amplexus activities were mostly carried out at 18.00-05.59.
Structural Studies on Different Ligand Binding Ability of Sialoadhesin Using Molecular Modeling Techniques
Authors: Dandopath Patra Madhumita
Published: December 2020

Siglecs are the major homologous subfamily of I-type lectins with an ability to recognize sialylated glycans. Siglecs are attractive therapeutic targets because of their endocytic properties, ability to modulate receptor signaling and cell-type specific expression pattern. Sialoadhesin (Sn/Siglec-1/CD169), a member of the Siglec family expressed on subsets of resident and inflammatory macrophages and involves in modulation of inflammation and immunity. In this work, 3-D structure of human Siglec-1 (hSiglec-1) was predicted based on X-ray crystallo-graphically determined structure of mouse Siglec-1[mSiglec-1(PDB ID: 1QFP)] using molecular modeling techniques. The structure of complexes in solution of hSiglec-1 with ligands, glycopeptide and 3′-sialyllactose were predicted using a novel docking technique comprising of repeated cycles of molecular dynamics and energy minimization. Calculation of the free energies of binding of complexes suggested that glycopeptide can form stable complex with dissociation constant value of 3.31 μM whereas complex formation of 3′-sialyllactose with the protein in aqueous medium is thermodynamically unfavorable. The structural analysis of theses complexes represent the functional recognition interactions of this protein with the bound sugar molecule and as such provide detailed information about functional roles of such sugar binding protein.
Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Some Novel Pyrimidine Derivative and Screening for their Biological Activity
Authors: J. Unde Pradip , D. Dhawale Kiran , G. Parte Satish , R. Patil Limbraj
Published: December 2020

A substituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized from chalcone of 3-acetyl-2,5-dimethyl thiophene with corresponding active aldehyde in microwave oven. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by TLC, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectral analysis. Pyrimidine derivative were screened for their antibacterial activity in vitro by the disk diffusion assay against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria and then the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was carried with the reference of standard drugs amoxicillin, ampicillin and ciprofloxacin. The pyrimidine derivatives shows better inhibiting action against both types of bacteria (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) compared to amoxicillin, ampicillin and ciprofloxacin standard drugs.
Glyphosate and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Boretti Alberto
Published: December 2020

The herbicide “glyphosate” known with the trade name of “Round-Up” has been using for 50 years and it is the world’s most widely used herbicide. It has helped to increase the agricultural yields of crops around the world, thus assisting to feed billions of peoples. After Round-Up was declared “probable carcinogen” in 2015 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), there has been a growing number of claims that glyphosate is the cause of the types of cancer of the most poorly understood origin, such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma. From an analysis of the available literature, the link between non-Hodgkin lymphoma and “Round-Up” is shown to be extremely weak.
O Ensino de Cartografia para Pessoas Cegas: Transformações Metodológicas, Tecnológicas e Perspectivas
Authors: Ventorini Sílvia Elena , Freitas Maria Isabel Castreghini de
Published: December 2020

Neste artigo de revisão apresenta-se o estado da arte da Cartografia Tátil a partir de seus avanços e desafios. Primeiro, mostra-se o recorte histórico em nível internacional e nacional com ênfase nas publicações datadas dos séculos XX e XXI. Depois, discorre-se sobre o aporte teórico e metodológico que indica a propensão de se tratar os temas Geografia e Cartografia na Educação a partir de investigações que têm como base principal as teorias de Piaget ou Vigotski. Como desafios de pesquisas a serem enfrentados, elencam-se a padronização da linguagem Cartográfica Tátil, consenso na produção e impressão de mapas táteis, mas, principalmente, a metodologia para o ensino do mapa para alunos cegos. As discussões finais, que direcionam a indicação das contribuições, são pautadas em experiências com alunos cegos e mostram a importância da iniciação cartográfica da criança cega a partir da sua iniciação ao desenho, ainda na fase pré-escolar, com a mediação de linguagens e exploração do ambiente próximo, tendo como referencial seu próprio corpo.
Estado da Arte do Sensoriamento Remoto por Radar: Fundamentos, Sensores, Processamento de Imagens e Aplicações
Authors: Sano Edson Eyji , Matricardi Eraldo Aparecido Trondoli , Camargo Flávio Fortes
Published: December 2020

Este artigo aborda o estado da arte do sensoriamento remoto por radar e foi elaborado para fazer parte da edição especial de comemoração dos 50 anos desta revista. Neste estudo, é apresentada uma breve introdução sobre os fundamentos do sensoriamento remoto por radar, com destaque para os parâmetros mais importantes de imageamento e da superfície terrestre envolvidos no processo de obtenção de imagens de radar. Ênfase é dada para o comprimento de onda, polarização das ondas eletromagnéticas e geometria de obtenção de imagens (parâmetros de imageamento) e para a umidade de solos e da vegetação, rugosidade do terreno e estrutura da vegetação (parâmetros da superfície terrestre). Em seguida, são apresentados os principais sensores orbitais de radar de abertura sintética que estão atualmente em operação e os principais processamentos digitais de imagens de radar, destacando-se a conversão dos valores digitais para coeficientes de retroespalhamento, os filtros espaciais para redução do ruído speckle, as técnicas de decomposição de imagens e o processamento InSAR. Finalmente, é apresentada uma breve discussão sobre algumas aplicações potenciais, com especial atenção para o monitoramento de derrame de óleo em plataformas continentais, estimativa de biomassa aérea, monitoramento de desmatamento em coberturas florestais tropicais, detecção de áreas de plantio de arroz irrigado e estimativa de umidade de solos.
Mapeamento da Vegetação do Cerrado – Uma Revisão das Iniciativas de Sensoriamento Remoto
Authors: Oliveira Marceli Terra de , Cassol Henrique Luis Godinho , Ganem Khalil Ali , Dutra Andeise Cerqueira , Prieto Juan Doblas , Arai Egidio , Shimabukuro Yosio Edemir
Published: December 2020

O Cerrado é o segundo maior bioma brasileiro, sendo reconhecido como a savana mais biodiversa do mundo. Após 1970, as dinâmicas de uso e cobertura da terra do bioma têm sido marcadas por atividades agropecuárias extensivas, resultando em taxas de desmatamento historicamente superiores às do bioma Amazônia. Esse cenário reforça a necessidade de investigar a metodologia das iniciativas de mapeamento da vegetação do Cerrado, a fim de identificar as lacunas e desafios ainda existentes para o avanço científico do conhecimento no âmbito do Sensoriamento Remoto (SR). Para tal, o presente artigo de revisão identificou 15 iniciativas que mapearam a vegetação do bioma em diferentes escalas, períodos e níveis de detalhamento de legenda. O primeiro foi o projeto Radam/RadamBrasil, ainda na década de 1970. No entanto, foi a partir dos anos 2000 que o Cerrado começou a ter mais visibilidade, com o surgimento de iniciativas maiores e mais direcionadas para o bioma (PROBIO, Conservação Internacional). Recentemente, novas iniciativas (MapBiomas, PRODES) têm se destacado por incorporarem metodologias diferenciadas que acompanharam a evolução computacional das técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto. O levantamento realizado neste artigo identificou que a discriminação dos diferentes tipos de cobertura vegetal do bioma ainda é um dos principais desafios a serem vencidos, principalmente em relação às fitofisionomias não florestais, além de classes de uso espectralmente semelhantes, como a pastagem. Este trabalho visa agregar detalhes das principais iniciativas de mapeamento da vegetação do Cerrado, suas metodologias, desafios encontrados, tais como a dificuldade de discriminação de seus tipos de vegetação e maiores discussões e promessas futuras no campo do SR.
Cartas Náuticas com Modelos SEP: Evolução Histórica, e Perspectivas para Hidrografia Brasileira
Authors: Santana Felipe Rodrigues , Krueger Claudia Pereira , Santana Tulio Alves , Nascimento Guilherme Antonio Gomes , Oliveira Junior Aluízio Maciel
Published: December 2020

Os avanços das técnicas GNSS de alta precisão permitiram a diminuição das incertezas verticais dos levantamentos batimétricos, com uma melhor determinação do heave, do calado dinâmico e redução dos erros cotidais. Contudo, é necessário a determinação de um modelo de separação (SEP) entre o Datum da Carta Náutica (DCN) e o elipsoide de referência. Neste artigo será apresentada uma evolução histórica sobre o desenvolvimento de modelos SEP no mundo através de sete países: Estados Unidos, Canadá, Holanda, Arábia Saudita, Colômbia, Inglaterra e Brasil. O resultado das estratégias adotadas por países estrangeiros mostra incertezas de modelos SEP variando de 6,6 cm a 22,6 cm em relação ao ITRF. No caso do Brasil, é descrito um estudo pioneiro para o SEP da Baía de Guanabara, onde foi encontrada uma diferença média de 2,5 cm com um desvio padrão de 5,1 cm entre a superfície gerada com método de redução tradicional e por maré-GPS. Para uma cobertura nacional, é apresentado o projeto Alt-Bat, que prevê a utilização do geoide como referência vertical para os modelos hidrodinâmicos. Quanto às perspectivas, percebe-se um ciclo virtuoso para o desenvolvimento portuário: o investimento em dados ambientais, fornece uma maior acurácia de modelos SEP e menor incerteza dos levantamentos, propiciando maior calado, possibilidade do aumento no fluxo de cargas em portos e mais recursos para investimento. Por fim são apresentados os desafios a serem superados para a Hidrografia brasileira visando a determinação do DCN com uma acurácia de 10 cm em relação ao ITRF. Os modelos SEP são fundamentais para a integração de informações provenientes de diferentes referenciais verticais proporcionando uma navegação segura e gestão de processos costeiros.
Percepção de gestantes, profissionais de saúde e representantes do ensino superior na prática em grupo
Authors: Moreira Samantha Ferreira da Costa , Ferri Lucila Pessuti , Pelazza Bruno Bordin , Mendonca Guilherme Silva , Paula Cacia Regia de
Published: December 2020

Este estudo de extensão universitária teve como objetivo mostrar a percepção de gestantes, equipe multiprofissional, docentes e discentes sobre a prática de grupo com gestantes da Estratégia de Saúde da Família de um município do sudoeste goiano. Participaram 15 professores da Universidade Federal de Jataí (UFJ), 15 acadêmicos, 6 agentes comunitários de saúde, 6 profissionais da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, 20 gestantes, além de companheiros e/ou outro familiar. Foram realizadas atividades educativas com metodologias ativas uma vez por mês, com duração de 15 meses. Foi disponibilizado lanche e sorteados brindes e cestas básicas às gestantes em situação de vulnerabilidade social e econômica, com intuito de motivá-las a comparecer ao grupo. Portanto, a percepção dos participantes (gestantes, enfermeiros, docentes e discentes) sobre as atividades educativas foi a construção do saber, de promover o autocuidado e empoderamento das gestantes. A experiência contribuiu para o avanço do ensino-aprendizagem dos alunos.
Nos caminhos da transparência pública de uma Instituição Federal de Ensino
Authors: Lima Wandilson Alisson Silva , Ramos Anne Karynne Guimarães
Published: December 2020

A transparência pública é considerada um dispositivo da gestão fiscal responsável, ligado ao princípio constitucional da publicidade. Todos temos o direito e o dever de fiscalizar a aplicação das receitas oriundas de diversas fontes, por intermédio da exposição de ações públicas. De tal modo, este texto objetiva descrever os resultados de um projeto de extensão que buscou promover a transparência do IF Sertão PE Campus Santa Maria da Boa Vista, demonstrando a importância e as principais informações institucionais para o público-alvo. A metodologia do projeto se deu em quatro etapas: preparação, divulgação, realização e avaliação, que foram executadas em 4 escolas públicas com aproximadamente 250 estudantes, em 2017. Em suma, as ações do projeto foram consideradas relevantes, os alunos revelaram que não conheciam o Instituto Federal, nem possuíam o hábito de acessas as informações públicas pelo portal. Realizaram-se visitas técnicas ao Campus a fim de incentivar uma maior aproximação entre Instituto e comunidade. Além de cumprir com aspecto legal, as visitas nas escolas e no Instituto foram caminhos viáveis à troca de saberes e conhecimentos quanto à transparência pública sobre temas relacionados ao contexto histórico, ensino, assistência estudantil, pesquisa, inovação, extensão, cultura e orçamento institucional, proporcionando também o controle social.
Mustafa Karagöz, Sözlükbilim ve Tefsir Tehzîbü’l-Luga
Authors: UZUN Ayşe
Published: December 2020

Dilbilimsel tefsir alanında yaptığı çalışmalarla maruf Mustafa Karagöz'ün, Sözlükbilim ve Tefsir adlı kitabı tanıtılmaktadır. Bu tanıtım ve değerlendirme yazısında, kitabın muhtevası genel bir şekilde özetlenmiş, kitapta dikkat çeken noktaların üzerinde durulmuş, eserin alana sağladığı katkılara değinilmiş ve yazarın kitapta eksik bıraktığı hususlara işaret edilmiştir.
Kitabın tefsir tarihi çalışmalarına sağladığı en büyük katkı, tefsir tarihinin sadece tefsirle doğrudan bağlantılı kaynaklara indirgenemeyeceği yönündeki tespittir. Kitabın âdeta bu tespiti ispat çabasına girişmesi bile başlı başına büyük bir kazanımdır.
Assessment of Some Enhancement Methods of Renal X-ray Image
Authors: Attia Salim J.
Published: December 2020

The study focuses on assessment of the quality of some image enhancement methods which were implemented on renal X-ray images. The enhancement methods included Imadjust, Histogram Equalization (HE) and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE). The images qualities were calculated to compare input images with output images from these three enhancement techniques. An eight renal x-ray images are collected to perform these methods. Generally, the x-ray images are lack of contrast and low in radiation dosage. This lack of image quality can be amended by enhancement process. Three quality image factors were done to assess the resulted images involved (Naturalness Image Quality Evaluator (NIQE), Perception based Image Quality Evaluator (PIQE) and Blind References Image Spatial Quality Evaluator (BRISQE)). The quality of images had been heightened by these methods to support the goals of diagnosis. The results of the chosen enhancement methods of collecting images reflected more qualified images than the original images. According to the results of the quality factors and the assessment of radiology experts, the CLAHE method was the best enhancement method.
Evaluasi Kebutuhan Air Persemaian Di Kawasan Karst Nggorang Manggarai Barat, Labuan Bajo, Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Wicaksono Aditya Pandu , Febriarta Erik , Nurani Dobrak Tirani Tegak , Larasati Ajeng
Published: December 2020

Rehabilitasi lahan dan reklamasi hutan merupakan dua contoh upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan akan kayu nasional. Program ini melibatkan proses regenerasi tanaman yang diawali dengan pembibitan tanaman hutan, misalnya dengan metode persemaian modern yang dapat mempercepat waktu kesiapan bibit. Persemaian modern merupakan pengembangan dari program kebun bibit yang telah dilaksanakan oleh Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (KLHK) Republik Indonesia. Sejalan dengan penetapan tujuan wisata super prioritas di Danau Toba di Sumatera Utara, Borobudur di Jawa Tengah, Mandalika di Nusa Tenggara Barat, Likupang di Sulawesi Utara, dan Labuan Bajo di Nusa Tenggara Timur, perencanaan persemaian modern difokuskan di Satar Kodi, Kelurahan Nggorang, Komodo, Manggarai Barat. Dalam hal ini, ketersediaan air menjadi faktor yang penting karena diperlukan sepanjang tahun, terlebih saat puncak musim kemarau. Keterdapatan air tanah sebagai sumber air kegiatan rangkaian persemaian dapat diketahui dengan pendekatan geofisika dan analisis data resistivitas. Metode pendugaan air tanah Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES), yakni injeksi arus listrik ke dalam bumi melalui dua elektroda potensial, digunakan untuk menghasilkan resistivitas. Melalui analisis matching curve, nilai log resistivitas dikorelasikan dengan nilai log batuan dan menghasilkan root mean square (RMS) sebesar 8,4%. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penyusun batuan terdiri atas batugamping dari Formasi Batugamping Berlapis (Tml) dan batulempung dengan sisipan tufan. Air tanah ditemukan di akuifer batugamping tufan yang, berdasarkan susunan batuannya, memiliki dua lapisan akuifer, yakni lapisan atas (kedalaman 7,5-24,04 m, potensi debit air tanah 5,68 liter/debit) dan lapisan bawah (kedalaman 46,24-106,68 m, debit 74,63 liter/detik). Lapisan bawah memiliki akuifer tebal (60,24 m) dan kedalaman potensial untuk sumur bor. Potensi ketersediaan air lebih dari cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air persemaian modern.
Combining self-reported and observational measures to assess university student academic performance in blended course designs
Authors: Han Feifei , Ellis Robert
Published: December 2020

This study combined the methods from student approaches to learning and learning analytics research by using both self-reported and observational measures to examine the student learning experience. It investigated the extent to which reported approaches and perceptions and observed online interactions are related to each other and how they contribute to variation in academic performance in a blended course design. Correlation analyses showed significant pairwise associations between approaches and frequency of the online interaction. A cluster analysis identified two groupings of students with different reported learning orientations. Based on the reported learning orientations, one-way ANOVAs showed that students with understanding orientation reported deep approaches to and positive perceptions of learning. The students with understanding orientation also interacted more frequently with the online learning tasks and had higher marks than those with reproducing orientation, who reported surface approaches and negative perceptions. Regression analyses found that adding the observational measures increased 36% of the variance in the academic performance in comparison with using self-reported measures alone (6%). The findings suggest using the combined methods to explain students’ academic performance in blended course designs not only triangulates the results but also strengthens the acuity of the analysis.

Implications for practice or policy:

Using combined methods of measuring learning experience offers a relatively more comprehensive understanding of learning.

Combining self-reported and observational measures to explain students’ academic performance not only enables the results to be triangulated but also strengthens the acuity of the analysis.

To improve student learning in blended course design, teachers should use some strategies to move students from a reproducing learning orientation towards an understanding orientation and encourage active online participation by highlighting the importance of learning online.
Students’ sense-making of personalised feedback based on learning analytics
Authors: Lim Lisa-Angelique , Dawson Shane , Gašević Dragan , Joksimović Srećko , Fudge Anthea , Pardo Abelardo , Gentili Sheridan
Published: December 2020

Although technological advances have brought about new opportunities for scaling feedback to students, there remain challenges in how such feedback is presented and interpreted. There is a need to better understand how students make sense of such feedback to adapt self-regulated learning processes. This study examined students’ sense-making of learning analytics–based personalised feedback across four courses. Results from a combination of thematic analysis and epistemic network analysis show an association between student perceptions of their personalised feedback and how these map to subsequent self-described self-regulated learning processes. Most notably, the results indicate that personalised feedback, elaborated by personal messages from course instructors, helps students refine or strengthen important forethought processes of goal-setting, as well as to reduce procrastination. The results highlight the need for instructors to increase the dialogic element in personalised feedback in order to reduce defensive reactions from students who hold to their own learning strategies. This approach may prompt reflection on the suitability of students’ current learning strategies and achievement of associated learning goals.

Implications for practice or policy:

Personalised feedback based on learning analytics should be informed by an understanding of students’ self-regulated learning.

Instructors implementing personalised feedback should align this closely with the course curriculum.

Instructors implementing personalised feedback in their courses should consider the relational element of feedback by using a positive tone.

Personalised feedback can be further enhanced by increasing the dialogic element and by including more information about learning strategies.