bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
واقع استخدام استراتيجيات البحث في قاعدة بيانات PubMed من قبل اعضاء هيئة التدريس بكلية عمان الطبية في صحار واثر التدريب على دقة استرجاع المعلومات
Authors: Mohammed Kallow Sabah , Al Maamari Mohammed Mubarak
Published: March 2016

واقع استخدام استراتيجيات البحث في قاعدة بيانات PubMed من قبل اعضاء هيئة التدريس بكلية عمان الطبية في صحار واثر التدريب على دقة استرجاع المعلومات

هدفت هذه الدراسة الى التعرف علو واقع استخدام استراتيجيات البحث في قاعدة البيانات الطبيه PubMed من قبل اعضاء هيئة التدريس بكلية عمان الطبية بصحار وأثر التدريب على دقة المعلومات المسترجعة من هذه القاعدة ، وذلك من خلال التعرف على انواع استراتيجيات البحث التي يتبعونها عند استخدامهم لقاعدة البيانات PubMed ومعرفة واقع استخدامهم لمحددات البحث وادوات البحث الموضوعية كقائمة روؤس الموضوعات الطبية (MeSH) . استخدمت الدراسة المنهجين الوصفي والتجريبي حيث تم الاستعانة بالاستبانه كأداة لجمع البيانات ،وقد تكونت من سبعة محاور عالجت الجانب الوصفي من الدراسة ، أما المحور الخاص بالمجموعه التجريبية المتضمن قياس أثر التدريب على دقة الاسترجاع ، فقد استخدمت الدراسة استماره خاصة وزعت على عينة الدراسة المكونة من ثمانية أعضاء هيئة التدريس في كلية عمان الطبية ، ولتحقيق اهداف الدراسة وتحليل البيانات التي تم جمعها استخدمت الدراسة برنامج الحزمة الاحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (SPSS) ، حيث تم اعتماد التحليل الوصفي والاستدلال الذي تمثل في احتساب التكرارات والنسب المئوية.
Ranking of Egyptian Faculties of Veterinary Medicine based on PubMed-Indexed Publications: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: K. El-Berry Doaa
Published: March 2016

Ranking of Egyptian Faculties of Veterinary Medicine based on PubMed-Indexed Publications: A Bibliometric Analysis

Bibliometric analysis of PubMed publications is a quantitative indicator for research productivity of scientific institutions. The current study aimed to quantitatively analyze and compare the research publications productivity of the Egyptian faculties of Veterinary Medicine published between 2000 and 2014 in PubMed-indexed journals. Egyptian faculties of Veterinary Medicine produced together 710 articles. According to their contributions to the total productivity, the 15 Egyptian faculties were ranked as follow; Cairo on the top followed by Assiut, Mansura, Zagazig, Alexandria, Benha, Suez Canal, Beni-Suef, Kafr El-Sheikh, South Valley, Menoufia, Damanhur, Sohag, Aswan and Minia. Cairo, Assiut and Mansura produced more than 52% of total publications, while Aswan and Minia had no publication contribution during the study period. The productivity of most faculties showed a fluctuation pattern (no specific pattern of an increase or decrease), however when the study years were grouped into periods of 5 years each, it was found that most of the faculties presented a progressive increase during the periods 2000-2004, 2005-2009 and 2010-2014. Most faculties have their publications with first author affiliated to them. Authorship pattern analysis revealed that the multiple authorship trends were dominated over the single ones. Multiple-authored papers had two, three, four, five or more contributors. Department’s contributions were relatively diverse from faculty to another and some departments were not represented in faculty publications. In the current study, the PubMed research output of the Faculties of Veterinary Medicine was quantitatively analyzed. The future study will focus on the qualitative analysis of the PubMed publications of these faculties using the journal impact factor and citation count.
تطوير برامج علوم المعلومات والمكتبات على ضوء دراسة الكفايات
Authors: Dawod Nahlaa
Published: March 2016

تطوير برامج علوم المعلومات والمكتبات على ضوء دراسة الكفايات

تتناول هذه الدراسة موضوع الكفايات، التي يكتسبها الخريج من برنامج علوم المعلومات والمكتبات بكلية التربية الأساسية على ضوء التطور المتسارع في مجال تكنولوجيا المعلومات، ومدى تلبية البرنامج لاحتياجات سوق العمل، من خلال تحليل وتقويم الكفايات في الخطط الدراسية العربية والعالمية على مستوى البكالوريوس، والتعرف على مجالات العمل المتاحة للخريجين في مختلف قطاعات الدولة في الكويت، ذات الصلة بتخصص المعلومات والمكتبات لتحديد المهارات والكفايات التخصصية المطلوبة لخريجي قسم المعلومات والمكتبات.
الأدوار الجديدة للمفهرسين بالمكتبات الأكاديمية في سلطنة عمان في ظل التطور المعرفي والتكنولوجي
Authors: Khamis Al-Busaidi Mohammed
Published: March 2016

الأدوار الجديدة للمفهرسين بالمكتبات الأكاديمية في سلطنة عمان في ظل التطور المعرفي والتكنولوجي

هدفت الدراسة الى التعرف على أراء واتجاهات المفهرسين حول الأدوار الجديدة لخدمات الفهرسة والتصنيف بالمكتبات الأكاديمية في سلطنة عمان في ضوء التطور المعرفي والتكنولوجي، وما المهارات التي يمتلكونها والتحديات التي تواجه إجراءات الفهرسة، والاحتياجات التدريبية المستقبلية لتطوير تلك المهارات والكفاءات لديهم.
واعتمد الباحث في منهجية الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي بالاعتماد على الاستبانة لإستقصاء رأي المفهرسين للتعرف على اتجاهاتهم وارائهم حول موضوع الأدوار الجديدة للمفهرسين بالمكتبات الأكاديمية في سلطنة عمان في ضوء التطور المعرفي والتكنولوجي.
وتوصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج، أبرزها: النسبة الاكبر من المفهرسين هم خريجي أقسام الفهرسة بنسبه (83.3%)، ويشكل غير المهنيون ما نسبته (16,7%)، ولديهم سنوات خبرة كبيرة تفاوتت بين الذين سنوات خبرتهم 16-20 سنة بنسبة (41.7%)، تلتها من1-5 سنوات بنسبة (33.3%)، وأن جميع المفهرسين يقومون بفهرسة مصادر المعلومات المطبوعة، تليها الوسائط المتعددة بنسبة (58.3%)، ومن ثم تأتي الكتب الالكترونية بنسبة (20.8%)، ويقوم المفهرسين بالعديد من المهام في الفهرسة والتصنيف، فمنها الرئيسية التي تمثلت في القيام بالفهرسة الأصلية لمصادر المعلومات بنسبة (79.2%)، والفهرسة المستنسخة بنسبة (95.8%)، وتحقيق الأسماء وتقنينها وبناء الملفات الاستنادية بنسبة (75%)، والصيانة والتحديث للفهرس الآلي بنسبة (79.2%)، بالاضافة الى المسؤوليات الأخرى من مثل المشاركة من خلال شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي بنسبة (75%)، وتدريب المستفيدين، والمشاركة في لجان المكتبة بنسبة (66.7%) لكل منهما. بالاضافة الى بعض المهام الثانوية مثل القيام بإجراء ونشر البحوث بنسبة (41.7%)، والتعاون مع الجهات الخارجية حول بعض قضايا الفهرسة بنسبة (25%)، والمشاركة الخارجية ذات العلاقة بالمهنة بنسبة (29.2%)، يمتلك المفهرسين العديد من المهارات التكنولوجية والمهنية والشخصية، حيث أن الجميع لديهم من المهارات الشخصية مثل: الابداع، الابتكار، المرونة، القدرة على العمل بروح الفريق، والعديد من المهارات المهنية وتم تقسيمها الى فئتين: مهارات المستوى الأول وجاءت نتائجها شبة مرتفعة، من مثل: استخدام أدوات الفهرسة الالكترونية، أما مهارات المستوى الثاني فجاءت منخفضة وهي مهارات مهنية الا أنها تتعلق أكثر بجانب استخدام التكنولوجيا المعلوماتية، وهي المعرفة بــــ: XML، OAI-PMH، وRDF، حيث جاءت نتائج ضعيفة بنسبة (41,7%) وقليل بنسبة 16,7%)، وأن لدى المفهرسين الاستعداد الجيد للقيام بالعديد من الأعمال المتعلقة بخدمات الضبط الببليوجرافي بالتالي لديهم رؤية جيدة لمستقبل المهنة فكانت معظم الادوار أو المهام التي طرحت تتعلق بالنشر الالكتروني لمصادر المعلومات، وقام البعض من المفهرسين بتقديم العديد من المبادرات والاسهامات والانشطة، من مثل: وضع مبادرات في تيسير وتسهيل إجراءات الفهرسة والتصنيف.
وفي ضوء هذه النتائج أوصت الدراسة بعدد من التوصيات أهمها: أن يعمل المفهرسين على التعلم الذاتي، والتزود بالمهارات والخبرات الضرورية وخاصة في الفهرسة والتصنيف بما تؤهلهم من القيام بعمل الدورات التدريبية، والتدرب على برامج نظم وتقنية المعلومات ومهارات الحاسب الالي وإدارة قواعد البيانات الالكترونية عبر الانترنت، والمشاركة من خلال شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي للتسويق بالمهنة وخاصة الفهرسة من خلال إنشاء صفحات على الفيس بوك خاصة بالفهرسة، بالإضافة الى إنشاء المدونات الالكترونية.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 8, No. 4
Authors: Walker Joseph
Published: March 2016

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 8, No. 4, 2016.
Exploring the Innovative Personality Characteristics among Teachers
Authors: Othman Nooraini
Published: March 2016

The aim of this study is to explore the characteristics of innovative personality among teachers in Malaysia. Samples of the research were randomly selected among secondary school teachers in three districts in Malaysia. Research instrument was self-developed by the researchers based on interviews carried out with some resource persons who are both experts and authoritative in their fields, as well as through literature review. A pilot study was carried out among 30 respondents. Cronbach’s Alpha value for the whole instrument is .952, indicating that it is reliable and suitable for actual data collection. A total of 484 sets of questionnaires were completed and gathered to form the data for this research. The data were then analysed using an advanced statistical method called Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Findings of the research concluded three constructs, namely, Leadership, Openness and Braveness. The constructs were labelled based on groups of items which were formed as a result of the PCA analysis. Meanwhile, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to validate each dimension and to analyse the coherence of data based on model hypothesis. The findings of CFA indicated the goodness-of-fit values of the revised model, as follows: CMIN/DF=2.56; CFI=.935; and RMSEA=.057; with each figure above the threshold value.
An Analysis of Social Studies Teachers’ Perception Levels Regarding Web Pedagogical Content Knowledge
Authors: Yesiltas Erkan
Published: March 2016

Web pedagogical content knowledge generally takes pedagogical knowledge, content knowledge, and Web knowledge as basis. It is a structure emerging through the interaction of these three components. Content knowledge refers to knowledge of subjects to be taught. Pedagogical knowledge involves knowledge of process, implementation, learning methods, and teaching methods. Web knowledge is about general Web competencies such as the use of tools related to the Web, Web-based communication, and Web-based interaction. The purpose of this study is to analyze social studies teachers’ perception levels regarding Web pedagogical content knowledge. The population of the study covers social studies teachers in Turkey while the sample of the study covers 601 social studies teachers who were randomly selected from 75 cities of Turkey in 2015. Data collection tool employed in this study is Web Pedagogical Content Knowledge Scale composed of 30 items and five factors, developed by Lee, Tsai, and Chang (2008), and adapted to the Turkish language by Horzum (2011). Data analysis of the study was conducted via IBM SPSS Statistic 23 package. The findings were analyzed based on arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis test. The significance of the data was evaluated at a significance level of 0.05. The results indicate that social studies teachers’ perceptions regarding Web pedagogical content knowledge are high. The results also show that they consider themselves competent in this matter, and their perceptions regarding Web pedagogical content knowledge significantly vary by gender, the Department of graduation, and experience of using computers whereas they do not significantly differ by educational background and status of having a computer.
Incorporating Learning Motivation and Self-Concept in Mathematical Communicative Ability
Authors: Rajagukguk Waminton
Published: March 2016

This research is trying to determine of the mathematical concepts, instead by integrating the learning motivation (X1) and self-concept (X2) can contribute to the mathematical communicative ability (Y).

The test instruments showed the following results: (1) simple regressive equation Y on X1 was Ŷ = 32.891 + 0.43X1, simple linier regressive test Y on X1 was Fcal = 1.272< Ftab = 1.897 and pertained to linear regression at significant level of 5%, (2) simple regressive equation Y on X2 was Ŷ = 33.68 + 0.44X2, simple linear regressive test Y on X2 was Fcal = 0.616< Ftab = 1.897 and pertained to linear regression at significant level of 5%.

The data analysis of the variable correlation could be seen as follows: (1) learning motivation (X1) with mathematical communicative ability (Y) was rcal = 7.730> rtab = 4.020 indicated the positive correlation at significant level of 5%, (2) self-concept (X2) with mathematical communicative ability (Y) was rcal = 8.375> rtab = 4.020 showed the positive correlation at significant level of 5%.

The result of this study is that there was a positive relationship between learning motivation (X1) and mathematical communicative ability (Y), and also self-concept (X2) and mathematical communicative ability (Y).
The Effectiveness of CBL Model to Improve Analytical Thinking Skills the Students of Sport Science
Authors: Sudibyo Elok , Jatmiko Budi , Widodo Wahono
Published: March 2016

Sport science undergraduate education, one of which purposes is to produce an analyst in sport. However, generally analytical thinking skills of sport science’s students is still relatively very low in the context of sport. This study aimed to describe the effectiveness of Physics Learning Model in Sport Context, Context Based Learning (CBL) model. The effectiveness of CBL model was described based on the data of increasing analytical thinking skills of sports science’s students. This research used experimental design of pre-test and post-test design with replication. The results showed that the CBL model was able to improve the analytical thinking skills of sport science’s students with N-gain of 0.78 in high category increase. Statistical paired t-tests also informed that the model can significantly improve analytical thinking skills of sport science’s students at the level of significance as much as α = 0.05. Based on the improvement of students’ analytical thinking skills, it can be concluded the CBL model was effective.
University Students and Sustainability Skills in Occupational Health and Safety Master Degree
Authors: Míguez-Álvarez Carla , Arce Maria Elena , Souto-Gestal Antonio
Published: March 2016

Education is one of the key instruments to achieving global sustainability. In fact, sustainable development has to be integrated into higher education curricula. One of the difficulties of this challenge is to know if students are able to achieve the basic skills, something that is extremely important in emergency management. Thus, assessment of student’s work outside the classroom, non-formal curriculum, is essential to adjust the subjects of education for sustainability to the philosophy of the European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) credits.

This pilot study details the measurements of the self-reported time spent by the students in different activities associated with sustainability, study habits, integration of new technologies and use of support material. Moreover, the students’ motivation and satisfaction with the course was also analysed. In this regard, two challenges were identified: teamwork and getting a better study organization.
Implications of Socioeconomic Status on Academic Competence: A Perspective for Teachers
Authors: Cedeño Luis F. , Martínez-Arias Rosario , Bueno José A.
Published: March 2016

Studies suggest that socioeconomic status is a strong predictor of academic achievement. This theoretical paper proposes that despite the fact that low-socioeconomic status represents a risk factor that seems to undermine attentional skills and thus academic achievement, emerging evidence suggests the potential of new approaches, interventions and cognitive training programs to reverse the negative effects of poverty. The evidence presented in this paper may be of particular interest for teachers because it provides a larger scope to better understand the implications of socioeconomic status on learning and school achievement. This paper intends to make teachers aware that today more than ever they count on important knowledge and valuable resources like cognitive training intervention programs to help students. These intervention programs correct dysfunctional attention bringing hope to socially disadvantaged students who struggle in school.
Pre-Service Elementary Mathematics Teachers’ Metaphors on Scientific Research and Foundations of Their Perceptions
Authors: BAS Fatih
Published: March 2016

In this study, it is aimed to investigate pre-service elementary mathematics teachers’ perceptions about scientific research with metaphor analysis and determine the foundations of these perceptions. This phenomenological study was conducted with 182 participants. The data were collected with two open-ended survey forms formed for investigating the metaphors and their reasons, and the reasons which are important in shaping these perceptions. The data were analysed in descriptive and content analysis methods based on the aim of the study. The findings can be summarised as follow: The participants created 156 metaphors and the most cited metaphor is “universe”. The most distinctive features of the scientific research given by the participants were its hierarchic structure in application, presenting new knowledge and requiring much effort. The least cited feature of the research was its falsibiality. In addition, it was found that though teachers, scientific research methods course and internet are very important in the process of perception creation about scientific research, the experts in the areas have little effect on this process.
Teacher Attitudes to Professional Development of Proficiency in the Classroom Application of Digital Technologies
Authors: Karolcík Štefan , Cipková Elena , Kinchin Ian
Published: March 2016

The paper deals with research focused on the opinions and attitudes of biology teachers on the application of digital technologies in the process of learning and teaching. The respondents were teachers, who participated in the national project called “Modernization of the Educational Process in Elementary and Secondary Schools” realized in Slovakia between 2008–2013.

We briefly describe the course and the contents of individual modules, which were focused on the development and acquisition of specific skills in the field of effective use of modern educational technology. The key role in the methodical preparation of teachers was played by the 3rd module, which aimed to present the teachers with the examples of meaningful and methodically well prepared application of digital technologies in the teaching process, especially in connection with current digital educational contents and the curriculum of biology subject.

The second part of the study includes analysis of satisfaction among the course participants with the content, level of expertise and difficulty level of the course, as well as the analysis of their opinions and attitudes on usability of created and available model methods in the real school practice. In conclusion, we present suggestions which could, facilitate improving the quality of biology teaching in schools, in order to reflect the real needs of society.
The Variations of Words in Their Meanings
Authors: Kurbanova Firangiz Furman
Published: March 2016

The article investigates the variation of full word-forms and empty word-forms in the English language. Having investigated a lot of linguistic sources the author gives the explanation to them. Firstly, the author investigates the meanings of words. She considers words to be ambiguous notions both in everyday speech and in linguistics. As linguists claim words may be considered as forms whether spoken or written, or as composite expressions which have form and meaning. Then basing on linguistic sources the author gives the classes of word-forms in English: full forms and empty forms. The author investigates the differences between the two classes. She states that empty word-forms differ grammatically and semantically from full-words.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 6, No. 2
Authors: Xu Diana
Published: March 2016

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2016.
Taxonomic updates and descriptions of four new Lophopini planthopper species (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea, Lophopidae) from Yunnan province, South China
Authors: Wang Menglin , Soulier-Perkins Adeline , Wang Yinglun , Bourgoin Thierry
Published: March 2016

Taxonomic updates and descriptions of four new species from Yunnan, China are provided: three new species in the genus Pitambara Distant, 1906: P. triremiprocta Wang & Soulier-Perkins, sp. nov., P. impudica Wang & Bourgoin, sp. nov., P. tricorne Wang & Wang, sp. nov., and one new species in the genus Serida Walker, 1857: Serida parenthesisflexuosa Wang & Soulier-Perkins, sp. nov. A new identification key to Pitambara species is provided, as well as to the species of the genus Lacusa Stål, 1862. Lacusa yunnanensis Chou & Huang, 1985 stat. rev. is not considered as a synonym of the species L. fuscofasciata (Stål, 1854) anymore and Lacusa orientalis (Liang, 2000) is transferred to the genus Acothrura Melichar, 1915 as Acothrura orientalis (Liang, 2000) comb. nov.
Nurse-Supported Self-Directed Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia
Authors: Ulmer Christi S. , Voils Corrine I. , Jeffreys Amy S. , Olsen Maren , Zervakis Jennifer , Goodwin Kaitlyn , Gentry Pamela , Rose Cynthia , Weidenbacher Hollis J. , Beckham Jean C. , Bosworth Hayden B.
Published: September 2024

Importance

Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTi) is the standard of care for treating insomnia disorder, but access is limited. Alternative approaches are needed to expand access to the standard of care.

Objective

To examine the effectiveness of a nurse-supported, self-directed behavioral insomnia intervention for decreasing insomnia severity and improving sleep outcomes among veterans, a population with considerable mental health comorbidity.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This randomized clinical trial included 178 patients with insomnia disorder who were recruited from a Veterans Affairs hospital (Durham VA Healthcare System) from September 2019 to April 2022 and randomized following baseline assessment; follow-ups were conducted at 8 weeks (primary end point) and 6 months. Data analysis was primarily conducted during the summer of 2023 and concluded in May 2024.

Intervention

Six weekly phone calls from a nurse interventionist plus assigned treatment manual readings covering CBTi treatment components. The health education manual focused on health topics but not sleep.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the Insomnia Severity Index (score range, 0-28; remission <8; differential improvement of 3 points targeted) score assessed at 8 weeks postrandomization. Secondary outcomes were sleep outcomes, depression, fatigue, treatment response, and remission.

Results

Of 178 study participants, the mean (SD) age was 55.1 (13.2) years, and 128 (71.9%) identified as men. At 8 weeks, Insomnia Severity Index scores decreased by an estimated mean (SE) of 5.7 (0.51) points in the intervention group and 2.0 (0.47) points in the control group, a differential mean improvement of 3.7 points (95% CI, −5.0 to −2.4; P < .001). Differences were sustained at 6 months (mean, −2.8; 95% CI, −4.4 to −1.3; P < .001). The intervention also resulted in greater improvements at 8 weeks postrandomization in diary sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency and actigraphy sleep efficiency; these differences were sustained at 6 months. At 8 weeks, depression and fatigue were significantly reduced, and the odds of treatment response and remission were greater in the intervention group compared with controls.

Conclusions and Relevance

This randomized clinical trial found that despite greater prevalence of mental health conditions and sleep difficulties among veterans, a nurse-supported self-directed CBTi was more effective than health education control for reducing insomnia severity and improving sleep outcomes. Although less effective than therapist-delivered CBTi, findings were comparable with other trials using modified CBTi protocols.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03727438
Initial Defibrillator Pad Position and Outcomes for Shockable Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Lupton Joshua R. , Newgard Craig D. , Dennis David , Nuttall Jack , Sahni Ritu , Jui Jonathan , Neth Matthew R. , Daya Mohamud R.
Published: September 2024

Importance

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (pVT) are the most treatable causes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Yet, it remains unknown if defibrillator pad position, placement in the anterior-posterior (AP) or anterior-lateral (AL) locations, impacts patient outcomes in VF or pVT OHCA.

Objective

To determine the association between initial defibrillator pad placement position and OHCA outcomes for patients presenting with VF or pVT.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective cohort study included patients with OHCA and VF or pVT treated by a single North American emergency medical services (EMS) agency from July 1, 2019, through June 30, 2023. The study included patients with OHCA treated by a large suburban fire-based EMS agency that covers a population of 550 000. Consecutive patients with an initial EMS-assessed rhythm of VF or pVT receiving EMS defibrillation were included. Pediatric patients (younger than 18 years), interfacility transfers, arrests of obvious traumatic etiology, and patients with preexisting do-not-resuscitate status were excluded.

Exposure

AP or AL pad placement.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) at any time with secondary outcomes of pulses present at emergency department (ED) arrival, survival to hospital admission, survival to hospital discharge, and functional survival at hospital discharge (cerebral performance category score of 2 or less). Measures included adjusted odds ratios (aOR), multivariable logistic regressions, and Fine-Gray competing risks regression.

Results

A total of 255 patients with OHCA were included (median [IQR] age, 66 [55-74] years; 63 females [24.7%]), with initial pad positioning documented as either AP (158 patients [62.0%]; median [IQR] age, 65 [54-74] years; 37 females [23.4%]) or AL (97 patients [38.0%]; median [IQR] age, 66 [57-74] years; 26 females [26.8%]). Patients with AP placement had higher adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of ROSC at any time (aOR, 2.64 [95% CI, 1.50-4.65]), but not significantly different odds of pulses present at ED arrival (1.34 [95% CI, 0.78-2.30]), survival to hospital admission (1.41 [0.82-2.43]), survival to hospital discharge (1.55 [95% CI, 0.83-2.90]), or functional survival at hospital discharge (1.86 [95% CI, 0.98-3.51]). Competing risk analysis found significantly greater cumulative incidence of ROSC among those at risk with initial AP placement compared with AL (subdistribution hazard ratio, 1.81 [95% CI, 1.23-2.67]; P = .003).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of patients with OHCA and VF or pVT, AP defibrillator pad placement was associated with higher ROSC compared with AL placement.
Conjugative transfer of the IncN plasmid pKM101 is mediated by dynamic interactions between the TraK accessory factor and TraI relaxase
Authors: Li Yang Grace , Breidenstein Annika , Berntsson Ronnie P.‐A. , Christie Peter J.
Published: September 2024

Conjugative dissemination of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) among bacteria is initiated by assembly of the relaxosome at the MGE's origin‐of‐transfer (oriT) sequence. A critical but poorly defined step of relaxosome assembly involves recruitment of the catalytic relaxase to its DNA strand‐specific nicking site within oriT. Here, we present evidence by AlphaFold modeling, affinity pulldowns, and in vivo site‐directed photocrosslinking that the TraK Ribbon–Helix–Helix DNA‐binding protein recruits TraI to oriT through a dynamic interaction in which TraI's C‐terminal unstructured domain (TraICTD) wraps around TraK's C‐proximal tetramerization domain. Upon relaxosome assembly, conformational changes disrupt this contact, and TraICTD instead self‐associates as a prerequisite for relaxase catalytic functions or substrate engagement with the transfer channel. These findings delineate key early‐stage processing reactions required for conjugative dissemination of a model MGE.
Patient‐derived acellular ascites fluid affects drug responses in ovarian cancer cell lines through the activation of key signalling pathways
Authors: Bischof Katharina , Cremaschi Andrea , Eroukhmanoff Lena , Landskron Johannes , Flage‐Larsen Lise‐Lotte , Gade Alexandra , Bjørge Line , Urbanucci Alfonso , Taskén Kjetil
Published: September 2024

Malignant ascites is commonly produced in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and serves as unique microenvironment for tumour cells. Acellular ascites fluid (AAF) is rich in signalling molecules and has been proposed to play a role in the induction of chemoresistance. Through in vitro testing of drug sensitivity and by assessing intracellular phosphorylation status in response to mono‐ and combination treatment of five EOC cell lines after incubation with AAFs derived from 20 different patients, we investigated the chemoresistance‐inducing potential of ascites. We show that the addition of AAFs to the culture media of EOC cell lines has the potential to induce resistance to standard‐of‐care drugs (SCDs). We also show that AAFs induce time‐ and concentration‐dependent activation of downstream signalling to signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and concomitantly altered phosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)–protein kinase B (AKT) and nuclear factor NF‐kappa‐B (NFκB). Antibodies targeting the interleukin‐6 receptor (IL6R) effectively blocked phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT1. Treatments with SCDs were effective in reducing cell viability in only a third of 30 clinically relevant conditions examined, defined as combinations of drugs, different cell lines and AAFs. Combinations of SCDs and novel therapeutics such as trametinib, fludarabine or rapamycin were superior in another third. Notably, we could nominate effective treatment combinations in almost all conditions except in 4 out of 30 conditions, in which trametinib or fludarabine showed higher efficacy alone. Taken together, our study underscores the importance of the molecular characterisation of individual patients' AAFs and the impact on treatment resistance as providing clinically meaningful information for future precision treatment approaches in EOC.
Chlorella Vulgaris‐Inspired Versatile Theranostic Nanoparticles for Specific Recognition and Detoxification to Copper (II) In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Qi Xu‐Wei , Tan Min , Zhang Fu‐Zhong , Liao Li‐Guo , Zeng Jing , Zhang Ye‐Tao , Hu Zu‐E , Li Jing , Zhang Sheng , Li Bang‐Jing
Published: September 2024

Specific recognition and detoxification for copper is the key step for the early diagnosis and treatment of various diseases such as neurodegenerative disease and Wilson's disease. Herein, a Chlorella vulgaris‐inspired versatile theranostic nanoparticles is facilely and greenly prepared by assembling quercetin into poly(beta‐cyclodextrin) (PQNPs), which is further employed in the specific recognition and detoxification for Cu2+ in vitro and in vivo. PQNPs can be used in the detection of Cu2+ in aqueous solutions with fast response time (<5 s) and low detection limit (6.499 nM). The detection for Cu2+ in water and serum can be achieved by naked eye instantaneously on a PQNPs‐based paper sensor, and PQNPs can also act as a biological diagnostic agent for the Cu2+ imaging. Remarkably, PQNPs significantly enhance cell viability of the cell models induced by Cu2+ through the synergistic capacities of chelating Cu2+ and antioxidation. The detoxification of PQNPs for copper poisoning model is further ascertained in vivo, and it found that poly‐β‐cyclodextrin is capable of crossing the blood–brain barrier. Taken together, the as‐prepared versatile theranostic nanoparticles possess advantages of simple composition, significant theranostic efficacy, and novel treatment pattern, presenting an intriguing avenue to develop therapeutics for tackling abnormal copper metabolism in the clinic.
Seeding Co Atoms on Size Effect‐Enabled V2C MXene for Kinetically Boosted Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Song Yingze , Sun Yingjie , Chen Le , Song Lixian , Yang Qin , Shi Zixiong , Chen Liang , Cai Wenlong
Published: September 2024

Lithium‐sulfur (Li–S) batteries are facing a multitude of challenges, mainly pertaining to the sluggish sulfur redox kinetics and rampant lithium dendrite growth on the cathode and anode side, respectively. In this sense, MXene has shown conspicuous advantages in serving as a dual‐functional promotor for Li–S batteries throughout the morphologic engineering, but still suffers from poor electrocatalytic activity and insufficient lithophilic sites. Herein, atomically dispersed Co sites are seeded onto the size effect‐enabled V2C MXene spheres (Co‐VC), leading to the generation of unique coordination configurations and rich active sites. Electrochemical tests combined with synchrotron radiation X‐ray 3D nano‐computed tomography and theoretical calculations unravel that Co‐VC with optimal coordination environments simultaneously boost sulfur reaction kinetics and lithium nucleation. As a consequence, Li–S batteries with Co‐VC modified separator can sustain a stable operation over 700 cycles with negligible capacity decay at 1.0 C, and delivers an areal capacity of 9.0 mAh cm−2 and desired cyclic performance at a high sulfur loading of 7.6 mg cm−2 with a lean electrolyte dosage of 4.0 µL mgS−1 at 0.1 C. The work opens a new avenue for boosting atomic‐scale site design with the aid of 2D substrates toward pragmatic Li–S batteries.
Strong and Tough Multilayer Heterogeneous Pyrocarbon Based Composites
Authors: Xiao Caixiang , Peng Jingya , Jiao Yameng , Shen Qingliang , Zhao Yuanxiao , Zhao Fei , Li Hejun , Song Qiang
Published: September 2024

The integration of bio‐inspired hierarchical design into synthetic carbon materials holds promise for developing lightweight, high‐performance structural materials. Hierarchical and heterogeneous nanoscale units are crucial to load bearing and mechanical functionality yet receives limited attention for difficulties in accurate regulation. Herein, one kind of multilayered heterogeneous have proposed pyrocarbon based composite constructed through chemical vapor deposition method with nanoscale graphene orderliness regulation. Sequential construction from orientational graphene sheets to nondirective isotropic networks is achieved through controlling the size and morphology of pyrolysis intermediates with moderate oxidation, being expected to facilitate load transfer and structural stability through dynamically adjustment in heterogeneous interfacial sliding. The resulting multilayer heterogeneous phases exhibit impressive strengthening and toughening mechanisms dominated by microstructural multiscale coupling, which provides new solutions for developing structural composites for high‐temperature aerospace applications. Additionally, the multiple internal reflections arising from the abundant heterogeneous interfaces significantly improve the efficiency of electromagnetic microwave absorption. The multilayered heterogeneous interfaces achieved through orderliness manipulation offer novel insights into the assembly of mechanical functionality integration for wide‐temperature applications and high‐performance macroscopic carbon‐based composites.
N‐Dihydrogalactochitosan Drives Conventional and Alternative Activations of STING to Synergize Type I IFN and IL‐1β Productions for Antitumor Immunity.
Authors: Hoover Ashley R. , Liu Kaili , Furrer Coline , Lam Samuel Siu Kit , Anderson David W. , Zhou Zhijun , Yang Jingxuan , Wong Chun Fung , Medcalf Alexandra D. , Sun Xiao‐Hong , Hode Tomas , Alleruzzo Lu , Delawder Abby , Raker Joseph , Abousleiman Ghainaa , Valerio Trisha I. , Sun Yuanhong , Papin James F. , Li Min , Chen Wei R.
Published: September 2024

N‐dihydrogalactochitosan (GC) is an immune stimulant/adjuvant. Synthesized from chitosan and galactose, GC is a new chemical entity that significantly enhances the immune‐stimulating properties of its parental material, chitosan, making it a promising therapeutic agent. When used in combination with antigenic material, GC stimulates innate and adaptive antitumor and antiviral immunities. However, its mechanism has not been fully investigated. Herein it is demonstrated that GC drives type I IFN activation in antigen‐presenting cells (APCs). More importantly, GC drives alternative STING pathways, leading to inflammatory cell death that enhances dendritic cell (DC) activation. GC‐activated DCs trigger a variety of nucleic acid sensing pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) pathways and IL‐1β production via the activation of the inflammasome. In vivo, GC induces a potent response of type I IFNs and upregulates genes associated with STING signaling within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Moreover, intratumoral delivery of GC reduces the numbers of M2‐like macrophages and increases M1‐like macrophages residing within the TME, while subsequently increasing the number of activated DCs. This findings demonstrate that GC acts as a multimodal immune stimulant via STING to generate a broad type I IFN response. This uniquely broad response holds therapeutic promise in generating enhanced antitumor and antiviral immunities.
Bacteria‐Mediated Bismuth‐Based Nanoparticles Activate Toll‐Like Receptors for Breast Cancer Photothermal Immunotherapy
Authors: Xiao Susu , Feng Chenqian , Mu Min , Yu Wei , Wang Xiaoxiao , Li Hui , Chen Bo , Fan Rangrang , Chen Nianyong , Han Bo , Guo Gang
Published: September 2024

One of the latest immunotherapeutic strategies involves modulating the tumor microenvironment through Toll‐like receptors (TLRs). However, Toll‐like receptor agonists may induce severe systemic inflammation. Bif@PBi‐R, a bacterial nanomotor is developed with tumor‐targeting properties in this study. Bismuth‐based nanoparticles loaded with R848 (Bi‐R NPs) are bound to anaerobic bifidobacteria via polydopamine adhesion. Bif@PBi‐R is designed to deliver bismuth‐based nanoparticles carrying R848 specifically to the tumor area to activate anti‐tumor immunotherapy. Bismuth is an excellent nanomaterial for photothermal conversion. Therefore, Bif@PBi‐R not only enhances the efficacy of photothermal therapy to kill tumor cells directly but also boosts the anti‐tumor immune response through its photothermal therapeutic effect. Combining Bif@PBi‐R with 808 nm laser irradiation significantly promoted dendritic cell (DCs) maturation, leading to a potent anti‐tumor effect. In summary, this bacterial nanomotor effectively enhances the efficacy of immunotherapy when combined with photothermal therapy (PTT).
In Situ Dewetting Assisted Plasma Etching of Large‐Scale Uniform Nanocones on Arbitrarily Structured Glass Elements
Authors: Hu Jin , Li Zongyao , Huang Peilin , Huang Lingyu , Xu Shaolin
Published: September 2024

Nanocones are ideal for wide‐angle antireflection of glass elements, yet their applications often encounter complex geometries and large sizes, bringing serious difficulty in developing a reliable and efficient manufacturing process. Here, an in situ dewetting assisted plasma etching (In situ DAPE) method is proposed to engrave nanocones on arbitrarily structured glass elements in one step. While exposed to high‐energy plasma, pre‐sputtered platinum (Pt) film undergoes dewetting, forming uniformly distributed nanoparticles that act as in situ sacrificial masks for plasma etching to generate nanocones. The nanocone size is decided by nanoparticle size, which can be modified through the Marangoni effect of the melted Pt film. Incorporating a passivation step can improve the aspect ratio of nanocones up to ≈8:1 due to the trench effect. Nanocones with diameters ranging from 62 to 136 nm and heights from 126 to 942 nm can be achieved. The nanocones help to achieve an average transmittance of 98% over the 0.3–2.5 µm spectrum and a 79.4% laser‐induced damage threshold of bare fused silica. The efficient fabrication of nanocones over multiple glass elements is demonstrated including a 2‐inch flat window, cylindrical microlens array, and diffractive grating, highlighting the efficacy of the In situ DAPE method for high‐performance optical elements.
Inkjet‐Printed 2D Heterostructures for Smart Textile Micro‐Supercapacitors
Authors: Islam Md Rashedul , Afroj Shaila , Novoselov Kostya S. , Karim Nazmul
Published: September 2024

Wearable electronic textiles (e‐textiles) have emerged as promising healthcare solutions, offering point‐of‐care diagnostics while maintaining breathability, comfort, durability, and environmental stability with strong mechanical performance. However, the lack of thin and flexible power supplies hinders their practical adoption. In this regard, textile‐based micro‐energy storage devices present an appealing solution. Inkjet printing offers the capability to produce high‐quality prints with sharp details and versatile substrate compatibility, making it an ideal choice for a wide array of printing applications. Here, the preparation of a range of inkjet‐printable 2D material inks is reported for the fabrication of ultra‐flexible and machine‐washable textile micro‐supercapacitors. Then 2D material heterostructures are proposed to enhance the performance of textile supercapacitors. This study reveals that a unique combination of highly conductive graphene with an insulator hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) can enhance the areal capacitance of graphene‐based textile supercapacitors by ≈82.48%. The heterostructure‐based supercapacitors also demonstrate higher energy (≈18.06 µWh cm−2) and power densities (≈4333.33 µW cm−2) with excellent capacitance retention (≈95% after 1000 cycles). These findings on inkjet‐printed heterostructure‐based supercapacitors may herald a new era for the future application of high‐performance micro‐supercapacitors within textile‐based wearable technology.
Mechanically Differentiated Lithium Versus Sodium Ion Storage in an Alloying‐Type Bismuth Anode
Authors: Li Yun , He Kun , Ren Qingqing , Zeng Xuemei , Li Guanghui , Zhao Shiqiang , Song Wenjun , He Xiaobin , Wang Shun , Yuan Yifei
Published: September 2024

Sodium‐ion battery (SIB) research benefits from lithium‐ion battery (LIB) studies due to Li and Na thermodynamic similarities. However, underneath these thermodynamic considerations lie kinetics factors leading to distinct Na+ versus Li+ storage mechanisms even within the same electrode materials, which is ascribed to either ionic size variations or diffusion path differences. Herein, the library of such non‐negligible factors is extended by targeting an alloying‐type bismuth anode well known for its high volumetric capacity for both Li+ and Na+ storage, showing that the mechanical property of key reaction intermediates also plays a role in differentiating its Na+ versus Li+ storage mechanisms. Applying spatially and temporally resolved in situ transmission electron microscopy to Li+ and Na+ storage within bismuth, it not only demonstrates the thermodynamic similarity in a step‐wise phase transition but also discloses its kinetic distinctions in morphological and structural integrities determined by Young's modulus of involving reaction intermediates and spatial configuration, which well accounts for the surprisingly observed superior Na+ storage performance of Bi anode compared to the inferior Li+ storage. Findings here highlight the role of reaction intermediates’ mechanical properties in regulating the overall cycling durability of electrode materials, and guide future material engineering toward performance enhancement, particularly for SIBs.
Tandem Effect Promotes MXene‐Supported Dual‐Site Janus Nanoparticles for High‐Efficiency Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia and Energy Output through Zn‐Nitrate Battery
Authors: Cui Zhijie , Zhao Pengwei , Wang Honghai , Li Chunli , Peng Wenchao , Liu Jiapeng
Published: September 2024

Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) can convert nitrate contaminants into ammonia with higher added value. However, due to the NO3RR involving complex multi‐electron reactions, there is an urgent need to develop efficient electrocatalysts. Herein, CoCu Janus nanoparticles loaded on Ti3C2Tx MXene (CoCu‐Ti3C2Tx) is synthesized via the combination of molten salt etching and galvanic replacement strategy. The tandem catalysis of CoCu Janus NPs can maintain the balance between nitrogenous intermediates and active hydrogen (Hads). CoCu‐Ti3C2Tx exhibits a high NH3 yield of 8.08 mg h−1 mgcat.−1 and a satisfactory Faradaic efficiency of 93.6% at −0.7 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). The Zn‐NO3− battery assembled with CoCu‐Ti3C2Tx shows an excellent power density of 10.33 mW cm−2, an NH3 yield of 1.52 mg h−1 mgcat.−1 and a Faradaic efficiency of 95.3% at 10 mA cm−2, which enables the simultaneous elimination of nitrate pollutants, ammonia production, and energy supply. Moreover, a series of verification experiments and density functional theory calculation are combined to reveal the reaction path and tandem catalytic mechanism. This work not only provides a new inspiration for the design of tandem catalysts but also promotes the development of Zn‐nitrate battery.
Bio‐inspired 3D Sub‐Microstructures Coupling of Au Nanoparticles for SERS Detection of Trace Fentanyl
Authors: Wang Junchang , Zhao Jing , Xiao Lu , Zhao Xuejun , He Shan , Zhou Yijun , Liu Jia , Li Yao , Peng Liang , Liu Wenbin
Published: September 2024

3D surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platforms with multi‐dimensional hotspots and better tolerance to laser misfocus show great potential for the rapid detection of trace fentanyl. However, the complex fabrication process of 3D fine structures limits the wide‐ranging application of the SERS technique. Herein, a 3D SERS‐active platform is fabricated utilizing a scalable and cost‐effective strategy that involves the electroless deposition of dense Au nanoparticles on natural butterfly wing scales (b‐wings@Au). The resultant b‐wings@Au proves to be sensitive and reliable, with a lower limit of detection of 4× 10−12 m and an enhancement factor (EFexp) of 1.74 × 108 for fentanyl. Furthermore, it exhibits excellent reproducibility, as evidenced by a relative standard deviation of less than 5%, and also demonstrates outstanding stability. The obtained high EFexp is due to the combined effects of the electromagnetic mechanism, involving the enhanced electromagnetic field generated by 3D periodic hotspots, and the chemical mechanism, involving the charge transfer from fentanyl to Au surface. Additionally, the as‐prepared 3D substrate realizes the trace detection of nine fentanyl analogs. This study provides new ideas for the controllable construction of sensitive SERS platforms for drug detection, ultimately advancing the fields of 3D substrates in booming SERS‐based technologies.
Cation Engineering Perovskite Cathodes for Fast and Stable Anion Redox Chemistry in Zinc‐Iodine Batteries
Authors: Gong Jie , Zhang Hang , Liang Xiongyi , Li Pei , Liu Yizhe , Li Xintong , Zhi Chunyi , Zhu Zonglong , Zeng Xiao Cheng , Li Nan , Xu Jijian
Published: September 2024

Zinc‐halogen batteries are promising for sustainable energy storage, offering high redox capacities at economical price points. However, they are hindered by issues such as the irreversibility caused by the dissolution of intermediates and the sluggish charge transfer, which limit their widespread adoption. Addressing these issues, bismuth‐iodide perovskite cathodes are employed as a halogen element enriched model system. These perovskite cathodes demonstrate considerable anion redox capacities. In a combined simulation and experimental study, it is uncovered that the (BAD)BiI4 (BAD+ denotes benzamidinium) cathode, greatly improves interactions with iodine species and boosts charge transfer capability compared to its (BA)BiI4 (BA+ denotes benzylaminium) counterpart. These enhancements can be attributed to the synergistic effects arising from stronger Bi−I···I halogen bonds and C═N─H···I hydrogen bonds. The (BAD)BiI4 cathode attains a reversible I−/I0 redox chemistry with 92% capacity retention after 30 000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g−1I, outperforming previously reported anion redox batteries. Additionally, the defect‐tolerant property and the I−/I0/I+ conversion of the (BAD)BiI4 are elucidated. The I5− forms a notably stronger bond with (BAD)BiI4 in comparison to I3−, which effectively mitigates polyiodide shuttling. These advantageous characteristics highlight the promise and adaptability of the developed perovskite cathodes for high‐performance anion redox chemistry.