bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salinity minimum in the subsurface layers of the Japan Sea
Authors: Sosnin Valery A. , Rudykh Natalia I.
Published: July 2021

Seasonal variability of vertical salinity distribution in the Japan Sea is considered. On the base of high accuracy data from the databases WODC-2013 (USA), JODC (Japan), and the databases of Far-Eastern State Hydrometeorological Institute and Pacific Oceanological Institute (Russia), several cases of salinity minimums are analyzed and interpreted taking into account seasonal variability of salinity profiles. High vertical homogeneity by salinity is noted for the Japan Sea waters, and the subsurface salinity minimum can be considered as a result of continuous changes of freshwater balance. It could be formed in the layers from the sea surface to 150-250 m as a temporary local extreme caused by prevalence of evaporation over precipitation on the sea surface in some seasons - that’s why it is observed seasonally. There is concluded that such conservative patterns as water masses are absent in the sea, at least in its active upper layers, but vertical salinity profiles are changing permanently under influence of changing freshwater fluxes, and their extremes appear or disappear in compliance with the dialectic laws.
Seasonal dynamics of gonads maturity and indices of body condition for walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma in the northern part of the Okhotsk Sea
Authors: Varkentin Alexander I.
Published: July 2021

Seasonal dynamics of gonad maturity and body condition indices (liver weight, hepato-somatic index, weight-size ratio) is analyzed for walleye pollock in the northern Okhotsk Sea. Its spawning season is rather long both for the whole population and any spawning ground, e.g. at West Kamchatka the fish with melting gonads is observed from December to September and probably later, but the mass spawning continues about one month - in March-April, on average. After the spawning, a new annual biological cycle begins from the period of gonad recuperation (stages of gonad maturity VI and VI-II) that continues 2-3 months followed by the period of gonad maturation from the stage III to the next spawning. The portion of the pollock females and males with the stage III is the highest in August-September, and with the stage IV - in March, before the mass spawning. In the northern Okhotsk Sea, the dynamics of maturing is similar, with the lag of 2-3 weeks. However, the gonad maturing depends on thermal conditions: they develop faster in «warm» years than in «cold» ones. Besides, big fish begin to spawn earlier than small ones spawning in the first time. Males usually stay on the spawning grounds longer than females. Body condition of walleye pollock is influenced by the process of gonad maturation. Energy potential of its individuals forms until August-September, and begins to decrease when gonads transform from the stage III to the stage IV. Later the indices of body condition continue to decrease till spawning in March-April, and melting individuals and postspawners have the lowest values. After the spawning, the indices begin to grow again because of active feeding.
Spatial and temporal changes in assemblage structure of zooplankton and pelagic fish in the eastern Bering Sea across varying climate conditions
Authors: Eisner Lisa B. , Siddon Elizabeth C. , Strasburger Wesley W.
Published: July 2021

Zooplankton and pelagic fish samples collected on the eastern Bering Sea shelf in late summer 2003-2010 were used to evaluate spatial and temporal changes in the plankton and nekton community structure. The zooplankton were sampled by vertical towing of a Juday net (168 μm mesh) and oblique towing of a Bongo net (505 μm mesh), and pelagic fish were caught by midwater rope trawl. The communities were compared across climate regimes (in relatively warm and cold years), by latitude (in the northern and southern parts of the shelf), and by water depth (in the inner, middle, and outer domains of the shelf). Zooplankton were dominated by the small copepod Oithona spp. in warm years but relatively larger copepods Pseudocalanus spp. and Acartia spp. in cold years. Notably, the large copepod Calanus spp., an important energy-rich prey for fish, were more abundant in cold years than warm years. Age-0 walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus were more abundant in warm years, while capelin Mallotus villosus were abundant within cold-year communities over the northern shelf. Latitudinal variations in communities were more prominent in the cold years, particularly in 2007 and 2010. Cross-shelf variations were evident, particularly for large zooplankton and fish, with communities corresponding to specific oceanographic domains. Outer shelf communities varied less than inner and middle shelf communities between warm and cold periods, suggesting that this region may be less impacted by climate variability. An understanding of the overlap of zooplankton (prey) and fish communities within specific shelf regions or climate regimes may provide information for ecosystem-based approaches to fisheries management.
The main results of the study of bivalve mollusks in the coastal zone of the Japan Sea
Authors: Kupina Natalia M.
Published: July 2021

Technologies for processing of bivalve mollusks are developed on the base of study of their physical, chemical, and technological properties and evaluation of the food and biological value. Bivalves in the coastal waters of the Japan Sea are very different by their size and chemical composition, but all of them are a source of full value protein, essential amino acids, and some substances with therapeutic effect. Biochemical and technological properties of the bivalves differ significantly from traditional fish raw materials. Boiled and salted products of them are distinguished by high rigidity because of the high protein content of connective tissue and its specific microstructure. However, consistency of bivalve products can be regulated by means of thermal and biochemical processing of the raw material. Comprehensive waste-free technology of the bivalves processing is presented for manufacturing of food and fodder products with high consumer properties. The bivalve mollusks from the coastal waters of Primorye are considered as safe for food on the basis of phytotoxins content in their soft tissues, radionuclides activity, and concentrations of toxic elements in their foot, mantle and liver.
Antiradical effect of low-molecular peptides in extracts and hydrolyzates from tissues of water organisms
Authors: Karaulova Ekaterina P. , Chepkasova Anna I. , Slutskaya Tatiana N. , Shulgina Lidia V. , Yakush Eugeny V.
Published: July 2021

Molecular-weight composition of peptides in extracts and hydrolyzates from soft tissues of the clams Corbicula japonica and Mercenaria mercenaria and liver of chum salmon is investigated. Antiradical activity is defined for low-molecular peptides, as well as for high-molecular proteins and free amino acids in the extracts. The maximum activity is detected for the extracts of salmon liver; all protein fractions in the water extract of the liver have antiradical activity. Low-molecular peptides and free amino acids have antiradical activity in all samples. The peptides with molecular weight 4.3 kDa have the highest activity in the water extract from C. japonica (43 units) and the peptides with molecular weight 4.7 kDa - in the water extract from M. mercenaria (5.6 units). After hydrolysis, the portion of low-molecular peptides increases for C. japonica , M. mercenaria , and salmon liver in 22.1, 14.5, and 11.1 %, respectively. Hence antiradical activity for hydrolyzates from C. japonica and M. mercen aria is in 1.9 times higher and for hydrolyzates from salmon liver - in 1.3 times higher than for water extracts from their tissues. Only the peptides with molecular weight 2.8-4.7 kDa have antiradical activity in the hydrolyzates; its value is 1-24 activity units for M. mercenaria ; 13-76 units for C. japonica and about 40 units for the chum salmon liver. Correlation is found between the content of peptides with molecular weight 3-4 kDa in hydrolyzates and their antiradical activity.
To morphological description of cardiovascular system in pinnipeds (Pinnipedia)
Authors: Kuzin Alexey E.
Published: July 2021

Morphometric parameters of the heart, the absolute and relative caliber of the aortic arch and the major arterial trunks are determined for northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus , Steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus , spotted seal Phoca largha , harbor seal Phoca vitulina stejnegeri , and ribbon seal Histriophoca fasciata . The value of cardiac index, the thickness of ventricular wall, and the relative diameter of arterial trunks correlate well with energy expenditures of the entire body of mammals or their certain organs during the life cycle. The hypothesis is confirmed on seals’ adaptation to asphyxia by pronounced dilatation of the aorta ascending that ensures constant blood pressure and supports perfusion of brain and cardiac tissue.
Improvement of methods for estimation of catchability for trawl survey systems with use of hydroacoustic means (on example of walleye pollock in the Okhotsk Sea)
Authors: Kuznetsov Mikhail Yu. , Poljanichko Vladimir I. , Ubarchuk Igor A.
Published: July 2021

In commercial fishery, catching properties of fishing gears are developed mostly for effective catch of fish, rather than for precise measurement of fish distribution density in water, so a problem of catchability exists and this parameter should be determined for each fishing gear. Various methods for estimation of catchability for trawl survey systems are considered. The experimental method of its estimation (comparing of fish density in towed volume determined by other tools with trawl catch) is considered as the most authentic. Scheme and algorithm of the measurements and calculations are described for standard hydroacoustic tools, as scientific echosounder ЕК-60, and software is developed for recalculation of trawl catch to equivalent acoustic units of fish density in the towed volume of water. Results of the catchability estimation for the trawl RT/TM 57/360 used for walleye pollock stock assessment in the Okhotsk Sea are analyzed. Mean value of the catchability coefficient in this case varies from 0.42 to 0.81, generally increasing with depth but decreasing both at the sea surface and on the depth > 200 m. These results correspond well with the model of fish behavior in the noise field of vessel: the low catchability at the sea surface and its increasing with depth could be caused by avoiding reaction of fish to the noise and its moving to deeper layers. Besides, the catchability coefficient for pollock depends on fish size and time of day: it increases with the fish length but decreases for the largest individuals. Influence of the noise field of vessel on selectivity of survey trawls is modeled and there is shown that the depths of the maximum concentration of small-sized and large-sized pollock do not coincide. The developed software and received results are universal means for estimation of the catchability for trawls in all conditions of trawling, they allow to choose optimum mode for survey trawling in dependence on fish species, depth of trawling, and type of vessels and trawl.
Intrapopulation differentiation of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka of the lake-river systems on eastern coast of Kamchatka
Authors: Khrustaleva Anastasia M. , Klovach Natalia V.
Published: July 2021

Intrapopulation differentiation of the two large population systems of sockeye salmon from the Kamchatka and Apuka Rivers in East Kamchatka is considered by analysis of 45 SNP loci. Four samples were analyzed: 2 from the lower Kamchatka River (20 specimens for early run and 100 specimens for late run), 1 from the basin of Lake Azabachye belonged to the same system ( n = 81), and 1 from the Apuka River (53 specimens for mass run). No genetic differences were found between the samples for early run and late run in the Kamchatka River, though the late run sockeye could be subdivided into two genetically and morphologically different groupings, probably spawning in different biotopes: the first represented by small, fast-growing and early maturing individuals and the second represented by bigger, late maturing ones. For the Apuka River, the hypothesis was corroborated on simultaneous run of two genetically and ecologically different groupings of sockeye salmon: they differed statistically by allele and genotype frequencies of SNP loci. The intrapopulation differentiation is comparable or even exceeds the interpopulation differences for sockeye salmon of neighbor populations, though it is unobvious for geographically remote populations. This differentiation is supposedly caused by differences of natural selection in some SNP loci for different habitats.
Current state of the normative basis for processing of japanese sardine Sardinops melanosticta and chub mackerel Scomber japonicus as prospective commercial species in the Far East
Authors: Chupikova Elena S. , Selivanchik Svetlana A. , Yakush Eugene V.
Published: July 2021

Effective utilization of marine biological resources is one of the major directions of the fish industry development in Russia that is realized by involvement into the fishery of unused and underused species. Japanese sardine and chub mackerel are still unused by Russian fishery but they are considered as prospective ones. On account of these prospects, the fund of standards currently in force in fish industry is analyzed in order to check possibility of their use for processing of these species. It includes mainly inter-governmental and industrial standards and regulations for manufacture of food and technical products. The age of these standards is 2-27 years, on average 14 years for the sardine and 13 years for the mackerel. The technical regulations and standards for frozen products of japanese sardine and chub mackerel are reviewed briefly. The standards GOST 814-96 «Chilled fish TU» and GOST 32366-2013 «Frozen fish TU» are recommended for the chilled and frozen products with a short shelf life, though they are not allowed for the raw materials destined for further processing at coastal fish enterprises. Recently new requirements for food safety are developing, so the current standards have to be reviewed and redeveloped, in particular the storage time of chilled and frozen products should be longer in 2-3 times. Variety of the products has to be extended, including canned and preserved ones, in particular new technical specifications for the specialized, medical-prophylactic products and dietary supplements should be developed or updated to the modern requirements. Role of standardization in improving quality and competitiveness of fish products and efficiency of the raw materials utilization is discussed.
Substantiation of conditions for biomodification of the muscle tissue of sea cucumber in preparation of mayonnaise sauces
Authors: Slutskaya Tatiana N. , Chernova Eugenia V. , Vishnevskaya Tatiana I.
Published: July 2021

Conditions for biomodification of the muscle tissue of sea cucumber are substantiated to reduce the portion of unprocessed raw material in the final product - sauce. For this purpose, enzymatic hydrolysis of the tissue with proteases Protamex and CelloLux is applied before the main processing. Effect of these enzymes on structural and mechanical properties of the final product is defined, as well as the effect of stabilizers. Rational concentrations of enzymes are determined for the final products with certain viscosity.
General method for computer modeling of trawl doors
Authors: Gabruk Victor I. , Kornienko Ivan A.
Published: July 2021

Method for analytical determining of trawl doors parameters is presented that allows to define by computer modeling the position of warp and bridles fastening that provides stable functioning of the doors and the whole trawl system.
On one model approach to assessment of state for the stock of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma in the northern Okhotsk Sea
Authors: Ilyin Oleg I. , Varkentin Aleksander. I. , Smirnov Anatoly. V.
Published: July 2021

One possible approach to the stock assessment for marine commercial fish species is considered by the example of the Okhotsk Sea pollock. The method is based on cohort modeling. Unknown parameters of the model are selected by solution of the filtration and identification problem.
Comparative assessment for efficiency of isolation of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) from various sources
Authors: Sultanov Ruslan M. , Ermolenko Ekatherina V. , Latyshev Nickolay A. , Blinov Yury G. , Kasyanov Sergey P.
Published: July 2021

Methods of arachidonic acid (AA) isolation from animal and vegetal natural sources are considered. Traditional raw material as the lipids of beef liver and alternative source as the red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla are tested. The AA was isolated by a sequence of known techniques for concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids: sedimentation of saturated fatty acids in the form of their lithium salts, iodo-lactonization, and high performance liquid chromatography. All these techniques were applied for isolation of AA from the beef liver lipids, where the AA content did not exceed 7.7 % of total lipids, and the yield of AA with purity of 98.76 % was 50.8 %. The AA content in the algae lipids was significantly higher (> 35 %), while the amount of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was insignificant, so two techniques only were applied (sedimentation of lithium salts and liquid chromatography), and the yield of AA with purity of 97.60 % was 68.3 %. Thus, high-purity arachidonic acid could be isolated from the algae G. vermiculophylla using simple and reproducible procedure. Taking into account the high yield of AA, this method is economically feasible and is proposed for biochemical and medical researches.
Regime characteristics and patterns of the sea ice drift on the shelf at Magadan in the Okhotsk Sea
Authors: Plotnikov Vladimir V. , Dubina Vyacheslav A. , Vakulskaya Nadezda M. , Pustoshnova Vera I.
Published: July 2021

The sea ice characteristics and drift patterns are considered for the Okhotsk Sea shelf at Magadan on retrospective data of the ice observations and satellite images. Spatial heterogeneity of the sea ice parameters and its drift is shown. Phases of the sea ice seasonal variation in this area could differ from year to year in 10-20 days on spatial scale of hundreds kilometers and the ice age, form and concentration vary in 10-50 % within the seasonal cycle. The ice drift velocity averaged for 6 or 10 days varied from 1.3 to 12.5 km/day in the winter of 2015; the highest velocity 0.75 m/s was registered on March 12 by comparing two satellite images with time interval of 110 min.
Feeding of young masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou in the base river of the Aniva hatchery (southern Sakhalin) after release of the hatchery juveniles
Authors: Zhivoglyadova Lyubov A. , Makeev Sergey S.
Published: July 2021

Feeding of masu parr in the natural river habitat on 8-9 days after their release from hatchery is considered on the data obtained in the Lyutoga River tributaries in 2014-2015. No fish with empty stomach were found that indicated successful transition of artificially hatched fish to feeding in the natural environments. More than 40 species of prey were found in their stomachs, mostly terrestrial and aerial invertebrates and the river bottom dwellers as mayflies and chironomids. The diet corresponded to biotopes features. For better feeding (higher stomach filling) gradual releasing is recommended over wide areas by the parties no more than 4,000 ind. The juveniles should be transported in isothermic boxes to the lower or middle parts of streams and in packages with oxygen (for 600-1000 ind. each) to the upper streams. Involving of volunteers from fishermen to the releasing is desirable that attracts additional attention to the species protection.
Fecundity of the Far-Eastern flatfishes Pleuronectiformes. 1. General characterization of fecundity of Pleuronectiformes in the northern part of the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Diakov Yury P.
Published: July 2021

Cited and archive data on fecundity of 31 flatfish species are generalized for the North Pacific. General characterization of the fecundity is presented and correlation between absolute individual fecundity of the females and their body length or age is analyzed and formalized in equation form. Spatial variability of fecundity is described for different species: pacific halibut and starry flounder have the highest absolute fecundity in the eastern Bering Sea and Okhotsk Sea, greenland halibut, yellowfin sole, alaska plaice, sakhalin flounder, longhead dab, and flathead sole - in the Okhotsk Sea, northern rock sole - in the waters at East and West Kamchatka. kamchatka flounder - in the Bering Sea, arrowtooth flounder - in the Pacific waters at North America. So, the Okhotsk Sea is the area where the absolute fecundity of majority wide-spread flatfish species can reach the maximal level. However, the maximal fecundity of longsnouted flounder is higher in the Japan Sea than in the Okhotsk Sea.
Topical therapy in the treatment of patients with acute rhinosinusitis in adults
Authors:   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, Starostina Svetlana V. , Sivokhin Dmitrii A. ,   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2021

Acute rhinosinusitis is one of the most common diseases in the world, characterized by acute inflammatory processes in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, lasting less than 4 weeks. According to statistics, in Russia, this disease is recorded in 6–15% of the population annually, in European countries in every seventh person, while there is a tendency to an increase in the incidence. Acute viral rhinosinusitis has the highest incidence among all rhinosinusitis and occurs in most patients in a mild form, however, untimely treatment of inflammation of the nasal mucosa can lead to obstruction of the natural anastomoses, impaired physiological ventilation and drainage of the paranasal sinuses, stagnation of secretions with further development acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. The overuse of local vasoconstrictor drugs (intranasal decongestants) leads to the development of drug-induced rhinitis, long-term imbalance of autonomic innervation of the nasal mucosa and edema, called "rebound syndrome". In the article we consider the issues of etiology, pathogenesis, features of the course of rhinosinusitis. The principles of differential diagnosis of viral and bacterial rhinosinusitis are stated, taking into account the latest recommendations and research in this area. The features of the use of the most frequently used topical preparations in acute rhinosinusitis in the practice of an ENT doctor have been analyzed.
Vaccine Targeted Prophylaxis For Covid-19: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Sonia Goswami  , Nagarajan K  , Praveen K. Dixit  , Vidhu Saxena  , Richa Goel  , Sanjeev Chauhan
Published: July 2021

The Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, the contamination that prompts sickness19(covid-19), has spread quickly from the initially known cases in china in December 2019 to nations round the globe. On March 10,2020, the world health organization reported that there have been 113,702 affirmed instances of corona virus -19 round the globe, additionaly to 4,012 passing. Due to this worldwide well being emergency analysts are handling build up a corona virus immunization. Protected and compelling immunizations are going to be a game changer: yet for years to return we should always wearing covers, genuinely separating and staying faraway from swarms. Being inoculated doesn't imply that we will laugh in the face of any potential risk and put ourselves as well as other people in danger, especially in light of the very fact that it is as yet not satisfactory what proportions the antibodies can ensure against sickness also as against contamination and transmission. Vaccine for corona virus are basic devices for managing the pandemic when joined with compelling testing and existing anticipation measures. The general undertaking to form a secure and effective coronavirus vaccine is proving to be fruitful. A handful of vaccines now are authorized round the globe, may more in development. Antibodies save an excellent many lives per annum.
A Quality by Design (QbD) Based Method Development and Validation of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Simultaneous Estimation of Metformin and Ertugliflozin
Authors: Haritha G  , Vijey Aanandhi M  , Shanmugasundaram P
Published: July 2021

This study explains about the Analytical Quality by Design approach for the optimization of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for the simultaneous estimation of Metformin and Ertugliflozin in pharmaceutical substance. The study aimed to optimize the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) by means of an analytical target profile in order to achieve good separation of compounds along with acceptable analysis time. Identification of risk factors for variables affects the method efficacy. This leads to the development of an accurate, precise, and economic method. The optimized conditions of the developed method were a stationary phase of a Discovery C18 250 x 4.6mm, 5m and a mobile phase of Orthophosphoric acid buffer (pH 2.2),ACN taken in the ratio 60:40 was selected as mobile phase and detection wavelength of 230nm. The flow rate was selected as 0.98ml/min at 29.150C column temperature. Using the central composite design (CCD) method was optimized. The method is showing the linearity over the concentration range of 25-150µg/ml for Metformin and 0.375-2.25µg/ml for Ertugliflozin. The intra-and inter-day precision were less than 2% of relative standard deviation. Accuracies between  99-102% of the true values.The LOD obtained for Metformin and Ertugliflozin were found to be 59 and 3.7, respectively.  LOQ obtained for Metformin and Ertugliflozin were 77.6 and 5.2, respectively.Under accelerated conditionsdegradation percentage of the drug was found to be less than 10%, and the degradation product peak not affecting the system suitability of Metformin and Ertugliflozin.
Assessment of symptoms on patients with urinary tract infections and adherence to medications
Authors: Eva Lorel Kouassi  , Abdul Wahid Ishaque  , Amulya P. Shetty  , Rimpa Devi  , Sheethal Kuriakose  , Mamatha T R
Published: July 2021

Although urinary tract infections (UTIs) are considered to be the most common bacterial infections worldwide, their assessment remains a big clinical challenge, because they are not reportable diseases in developed countries like United States and any other parts of the world including India. This situation is further complicated by the fact that accurate diagnosis depends on both the presence of symptoms and a positive urine culture, although in most outpatient settings this diagnosis is made without the benefit of culture. Our study aimed to appraise the impact of urinary tract infections symptoms on selected patients and comprehend their adherence to medications despite the challenges of antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance observed. One hundred and twenty patients with confirmed cases of urinary tract infections were recruited for the study. The mean age of females and males patients was found to be 59.86±2.37and 52.27±3 years respectively. Pertinent descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. Spearman correlation test revealed a strong positive correlation between overall UTIs’ symptoms and their impact on patients at baseline (0.84) and at follow up (0.799) with p value =0.5. On the other hand the majority of patients were found to be adherent to the medications after discharge. The current study revealed that Urinary tract infections if left untreated can negatively impact the lives of patients suffering from it and hinder their adherence to medications. Consequently, accurate and early assessment of UTIs’ symptoms in clinics and hospitals becomes a necessity.
In-vitro cytoprotective activity of Eichhornia crassipes ϐlowers against hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress in BRL 3A rat liver cells
Authors: Rajarajan S  , Sivakrishnan S  , Ganesan V
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study was to see whether an ethanol extract of Eichhornia crassipes flowers and its fractions could protect BRL 3A liver cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. Eichhornia crassipes powdered flowers were subjected to a hot continuous extraction in a soxhlet extractor using ethanol as the solvent material. The solvent extracts were first tested for in-vitro free radical scavenging and anti-oxidant activity using qualitative and quantitative methods. Benzene, chloroform, and n-butanol were used to fractionate the ethanol extract. In BRL 3A cell lines, the crude ethanol extract and its fractions were tested for their possible cytoprotective effect against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced oxidative stress. Cell viability, lipid peroxidation by measuring the formation of malondialdehyde, lactate dehydrogenase leakage into culture medium, catalase activity, and the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the cells were all tested in biochemical assays to determine the cytoprotective activity. BRL 3A cells were exposed to 2mM H2O2, which decreased cell viability, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, and reduced antioxidant activities. Pretreatment of cultured cells for 30 minutes with crude ethanol extract of Eichhornia crassipes flowers and various solvent fractions at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 g/ml attenuated oxidative injury in a dose-dependent manner until H2O2 exposure. The crude ethanol extract of Eichhornia crassipes flowers was found to have a strong cytoprotective impact, raising cell viability while decreasing lipid peroxidation and LDH leakage. In the cells pre-treated with ethanol extract of Eichhornia crassipes flowers, there was a further increase in catalase and a decrease in glutathione activity. These results indicate that an ethanol extract of Eichhornia crassipes flowers has potent cytoprotective properties against reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative injury.
Endangered Medicinal Plants Used in Traditional Herbal Medicines in The South-East Rajasthan (Hadoti Region)
Authors: Aparna Pareek  , Shalini Maheshwari
Published: July 2021

The present study was carried out to gather information about Ethno-botanical knowledge of tribal people and ethnic races those are residing in forests of south-east Rajasthan since ages. A large number of wild and cultivated plants are being used by them to treat various ailments due to limited access to modern health care services. The study was carried out in an unexplored remote tribal area of South east region of Rajasthan to investigate and document the existing ethno-medicinal knowledge on local flora which is rich and diversified in important medicinal plants.. The ethno-medicinal knowledge in the study area is gradually heading towards extinction because the old age community members being the main bearer of this knowledge are passing away and younger generation is not interested to take it. Herbal practitioners in the area have sufficient traditional knowledge, but mostly, they are reluctant to disclose it to other community members. Hence, the current study was planned with the objectives to record the traditional knowledge of study area mainly pertaining to endangered Ethno-medicinal plants of the proposed area of study.  The study was conducted through direct interviews with 35 Herbal practitioners and 240 informants from the study area. Data was collected through semi-structured questionnaires from the community members and local herbal. We presented thirty most used species by ancestral healers of Hadoti to cure different ailments and their medicinal uses. This study also provide details regarding Habitat, Mode of transfer, Abundance Status, Effect and popularity and Cultivation practices (status of plant)of selected 30 plants.
Design and development of zolmitriptan niosomal in situ nasal gel for the treatment of migrain
Authors: Anilkumar J. Shinde  , Karan B. Swami  , Firoj A. Tamboli  , Harinath N. More
Published: July 2021

The objective of the present study was to development of Zolmitriptan (ZMT) niosomal in situ nasal gel formulation for migraine treatment. By intranasal route delivered drug to the central nervous system (CNS) through the olfactory lobes, which bypasses the first-pass metabolism and consequently enhances the bioavailability. Noisome of ZMT were prepared by using the lipid film hydration method. Optimized niosomal formulation was used to prepare in situ gel. The developed Noisomal formulations were characterized for vesicle size, shape, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, drug content and in-vitro diffusion study, mucoadhesive strength, permeation study, FTIR, DSC and XRD studies. The FTIR and DSC studies predicted that there was no any interaction in drug and excipients. ZMT niosomes were showed particle size, Polydispersity index (PDI), Zeta potential, % entrapment efficiency and drug content, 149nm, 0.223, -28.9, 88.16±0.8 % and 96.23±1.2% respectively. In-vitro  diffusion study of niosomes shows 96.23±0.7% at 8h. The permeation rate of in situ niosomes gel and the pure drug was about 98.56% and 79.46%, respectively. XRD & DSC studies were showed that reduce crystalinity in the formulations. The SEM images of niosomes were found spherical in shape to some extent showing particle size distribution. Thus, it can be concluded that developed ZMT niosomal in situ gel formulation can be considered as a promising system for which may reduce dose requirement, improve patient acceptability and efficient targeting drug delivery to the brain through the olfactory lobe for migraine treatment.
SWISS GERMAN AND ITS LEXICAL FEATURES
Authors: Ланских Юлия Владимировна , Денисова Евгения Павловна
Published: July 2021

Статья посвящена швейцарской национальной разновидности немецкого языка, её статусу, формам существования и лексическим особенностям. Приводятся примеры употребления ряда гельветизмов в современной швейцарской прессе

The article deals with the Swiss variety of standard German, its status, forms of existence and lexical features. The authors give examples of use of helvetisms in the modern Swiss press
CONCEPTUAL ORALITY AND LITERACY FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF NETWORK IDENTITY
Authors: Палкова Анна Викторовна
Published: July 2021

В данной статье рассматриваются особенности формирования сетевой идентичности и самопрезентации в условиях «коммуникации от клавиатуры к экрану», которая условно располагается в континууме между «медиальной письменностью» и «концептуальной устностью». Общение в чатах, мессенджерах и социальных сетях осуществляется в условиях функционирования «вторичной устности»

This article is devoted to the construction of network identity and self-presentation under the conditions of «keyboard-to-screen communication», which takes place in the continuum between «medial written communication» and «conceptual oral communication». The interaction in chats, messengers and social networks is carried out in the context of «secondary orality».
ARCHETYPAL BINARY OPPOSITION LIGHT / DARK AS THE MEANS OF MASS CONSCIOUSNESS MANIPULATION
Authors: Семенова Елена Михайловна
Published: July 2021

В статье рассматривается взаимосвязь между когнитивными признаками архетипической бинарной оппозиции LIGHT/DARK и способами манипулирования общественным сознанием, которые активно применяются в современном американском политическом медиадискурсе. Предметом анализа является эвалюативный (оценочный) признак АБО, способствующий актуализации манипулятивных приемов воздействия на массовое сознание.

The article discusses the relationship between the cognitive characteristics of the archetypal binary opposition LIGHT/DARK and methods of public consciousness manipulation, which are actively used in the contemporary American political media discourse. The subject of the analysis is the evaluative characteristic of the ABO, promoting the actualization of some manipulative techniques.
THE COMPONENT ON NEWNESS IN THE PHYCHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE MEANING OF THE WORD
Authors: Федоренко Елена Николаевна
Published: July 2021

Статья посвящена анализу психолингвистического потенциала новизны терминологических единиц в индивидуальной речемыслительной деятельности человека. Особое внимание уделяется особенностям употребления терминов носителями языка. Приводятся результаты пилотного экспериментального исследования психолингвистического потенциала новизны терминологических единиц на примере специальной лексики сферы «Архитектура».

The article is devoted to the analysis of the psycholinguistic potential of newness of the terminological units in the individual speech-thinking activity of a person. Special attention is focused on the peculiarities of the use of terms by native speakers. The author presents the results of an experimental study of the psycholinguistic potential of the newness of terminological units on the example of the special vocabulary of the sphere «Architecture».
EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE ANXIETY ON THE LEXICAL COMPETENCE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNERS
Authors: Андрюшкина Юлия Сергеевна
Published: July 2021

В работе приведены результаты эксперимента по выявлению иноязыковой тревожности (шкала FLCAS) и ситуативной тревожности (вопросник Ч.Д. Спилбергера), а также их влияния на лексическую компетенцию обучающегося билингва. Полученные результаты позволили сделать вывод, что тревожное состояние приводит к снижению концентрации при выполнении задания, так как мысли о потенциальной неудаче и неуверенность в своих знаниях нарушают течение когнитивных процессов, необходимых для выполнения академической задачи.

The paper presents the results of an experiment to identify foreign language anxiety (FLCAS scale) and state anxiety (C.D. Spielberger's questionnaire), and their impact on the lexical competence of a foreign language learner. The research results suggest that anxiety causes cognitive interference with performing specific tasks.
FEATURES OF THE TRANSLATION OF IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS FROM RUSSIAN TO CHINESE (BASED ON N.OSTROVSKY’S «HOW STEEL WAS TEMPERED»)
Authors: Синкай Сунь
Published: July 2021

В статье рассматриваются особенности перевода идиом с русского на китайский на материале романа Н. Островского «Как закалялась сталь». Объектом научного рассмотрения в статье выступают идиомы и их передача на китайский. Проведен сопоставительный анализ идиоматических выражений двух вариантов перевода на китайский и исходного текста. Проанализирован ряд примеров для решения эквивалентной интерпретации идиоматических выражений.

The article examines the features of the translation of idioms from Russian into Chinese based on the novel «Как закалялась сталь» (eng. «How steel was tempered») by N. Ostrovsky. The object of the research is idioms and their translations into Chinese. A comparative analysis of idiomatic expressions of two versions of the Chinese translation and the original text is carried out. A number of examples used to set up the equivalency between the studied idiomatic expressions are analysed.
LA DEMOCRACIA PERUANA: ESTADO FALLIDO, REPÚBLICA INCONCLUSA, Y SIN CIUDADANÍA
Authors: Fernández Altamirano Antony Esmit Franco , Villanueva Calderón Juan Amílcar , Reyes Reyes Carla Angélica
Published: July 2021

Llegamos al bicentenario de la República, con un Estado fallido, con una república inconclusa, existiendo diversas brechas sociales, descuidando las atenciones colectivas, que son olvidadas, el servicio público no es eficiente ante la crisis de salubridad pública, política, económica y cultural. Tenemos pobladores y no ciudadanos, la ciudadanía no se ha desarrollado ni existe el concepto en la colectividad, y más bien tenemos poco o nulo involucramiento en la cuestión pública, y la ausencia de la participación democrática genera que existan distancias entre el gobernante y los gobernados, que son aprovechadas por los primeros, por la ausencia de participación, control, fiscalización y sanción de las instituciones políticas junto a las entidades políticas, situación que es contraria al fin obtener el bien común, justicia y más equidad, para acceder a las oportunidades dignas dentro del Estado-nación.
Overview Of System Development Life Cycle Models
Authors: Kyeremeh Kwadwo
Published: July 2021

During the time half of the twentieth century, the utilization of Programmed computers has become huge. As an outcome, software programming has turned out to be increasingly differing and complex. Also, there are expanding requests on software programming – it must be less expensive, have more usefulness, be conveyed speedier, and be of higher quality than already. In the constantly changing environment and society of programming advancement, the procedures and strategies utilized when growing little projects are not adequate while developing extensive frameworks. As one response to this, distinctive improvement lifecycle models have been characterized. This paper portrays the three fundamental sorts of systems Development lifecycle models, from the successive models using incremental models to transformative models. The iterative advancement technique is additionally examined, and we additionally intricate the association of advancement lifecycle models to two rising fields in programming designing: programming design and part-based programming advancement.
IMPLEMENTATION OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING MODEL NHT TO TRAIN STUDENTS COMMUNICATION SKILL IN ACID BASE MATTER
Authors: Puspitasari Lelly , Muchlis Muchlis
Published: July 2021

The aim of this research is to description the implementation of cooperative learning model NHT, students activity and practice communication skills through material of acid base. The research design used is “One Shoot Case Study”. Research data obtained include (1) Implementation of cooperative learning model NHT to get a score at meetings 1, 2, and 3 of 3,86, 3,90, and 3,95 with very good category. (2) The percentage of students activities that are relevant is greater than the of activities that are irrelevant. (3) Communication skills of students who are trained obtain sufficient criteria on the quantity of questions with a percentage for three consecutive meetings of 25%; 44,44%; and 55,56% and the quantity of opinion students get a good assessment criteria of 41,67%; 61,11%; and 75%. On the quality of asking students get an excellent title for three consecutive meetings 8,33%; 11,11%; and 25% and the quality of opinion students of 5,56%; 25%; and 27,78%.
FIRST REPORT OF Paenibacillus cineris FROM A BURMESE PYTHON (Python molurus bivittatus) WITH ORAL ABSCESS
Authors: Staji Hamid , Ashrafi Tamai Iradj , Zeifati Kafi Zahra
Published: July 2021

We report a case of oral abscess caused by Paenibacillus cineris in a pet Burmese python. Microbiological and nucleic acid sequencing showed high similarity to the reference strain P. cineris (113XG30) isolated in China. Although Paenibacillus spp. are environmental bacteria, we highlight the importance of careful consideration of such unusual organisms in exotic reptiles.Key words: Paenibacillus cineris; python; pharyngeal abscessPRVO POROČILO O OSAMITVI Paenibacillus cineris IZ BURMANSKEGA PITONA (Python molurus bivittatus) Z ORALNIM ABSCESOMV članku je opisan primer oralnega abscesa, ki ga je povzročila bakterija Paenibacillus cineris pri hišnem burmanskem pitonu. Mikrobiološko in nukleinsko kislinsko zaporedje je pokazalo visoko podobnost z referenčnim sevom P. cineris (113XG30), izoliranim na Kitajskem. Čeprav spada  Paenibacillus spp. med okoljske bakterije, lahko takšni neobičajni mikroorganizmi pri eksotičnih plazilcih povzročajo tudi zdravstvene težave in jim moramo posvečati pozornost.Ključne besede: Paenibacillus cineris; piton; žrelni absces
Telaah Kelayakan Buku Teks Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Jawa SMP di Kota Semarang Tahun Pelajaran 2019-2020
Authors: Sulanjari Bambang , Alfiah Alfiah , Sunarya Sunarya , Zaidah Nuning
Published: July 2021

Textbooks are a basic requirement in learning. The availability of adequate textbooks determines the quality of learning. The Javanese textbooks used in learning, although generally stated to have met the standards by the government, need to get a feasibility assessment related to curriculum changes and 21st-century learning challenges. This study aims to describe the suitability of the contents of the Javanese textbooks for SMP in Semarang city with 2013 curriculum changes and 21st-century learning challenges.This research was conducted in the city of Semarang for 3 (three) months, starting from October to December 2019. The data in this study is evidence of the suitability of the contents of Javanese textbooks for junior high schools on the demands of 21st-century learning. The sources of data in this study are Junior high school Javanese language textbooks used in learning Javanese in the city of Semarang. The books are Marsudi Basa lan Sastra Jawa published by publishers Erlangga and Padha Bisa Basa Jawa published by Yudhistira publishers. Data collection techniques using document studies and interviews. Qualitative data analysis is inductive, that is analysis based on the data obtained. The data analysis step is data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions, the three of which run alongside the research process.The results of this study indicate that the three textbooks are feasible to be used as textbooks in school with some notes. At present, the indicators need to be modified again by the teacher so that they meet good indicator standards. In terms of song material, the teacher needs to find other references to interpret the song text.
Электронное строение диоксида CfO2
Authors: Путков А.Е. , Маслаков К.И. , Тетерин Ю.А. , Рыжков М.В. , Тетерин А.Ю. , Иванов К.Е. , Калмыков С.Н. , Петров В.Г.
Published: July 2021

Проведен расчет электронной структуры CfO2 в полностью релятивистском кластерном приближении метода дискретного варьирования (РДВ). Получен теоретический спектр рентгеновский фотоэлектронный спектроскопии (РФЭС) валентных электронов в диапазоне энергий связи электронов 0…~40 эВ. Показано, что в образовании внешних валентных молекулярных орбиталей в диапазоне энергий 0…~15 эВ принимают участие атомные орбитали Cf 5f и Cf 6p. Основной вклад в образование внутренних валентных молекулярных орбиталей в диапазоне энергий ~15…~40 эВ вносят АО Cf 6p3/2 и O 2s. Значительные эффекты ковалентности в CfO2 связаны с сильным перекрыванием АО с орбиталями лигандов не только Cf 6d, но и Cf 5f, а также Cf 6p. Структура МО с участием АО Cf 6d, 7s и 7р мало меняется по сравнению с таковой диоксидов более легких актиноидов. Эти МО вместе с содержащими O 2s и О 2р АО образуют «жесткий каркас», в котором перемещаются МО, включающие An 5f АО. Построена теоретическая схема МО, позволяющая понять природу химической связи и структуру спектра РФЭС валентных электронов в CfO2.