bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ortaöğretim Öğrencilerinin Osmanlı Arşivinde Bulunan Hazine-i Evrak Daimi Sergi Alanına İlişkin Görüşleri
Authors: TOKDEMİR Muhammet Ahmet
Published: October 2020

Arşivcilerin belge muhafazası ve belgelerin araştırmacılara ulaştırılması görevlerinin yanı sıra, tarih öğretimine katkı sağlamaya yönelik eğitimci rolleri de vardır. Hazırlanan sergiler ve kataloglar, müzecilik faaliyetleri gibi kültürel işlevlerin yanı sıra arşivler hazırladıkları eğitim içerikleri ve çeşitli konulardaki atölye çalışmaları ile eğitim alanındaki işlevlerini yerine getirirler. Ülkemizde Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı bünyesinde kurulmuş olan Hazine-i Evrak Daimi Sergi Alanı arşivlerin hem kültürel hem de eğitsel işlevlerinin bir arada yürütüldüğü mekânlardan biridir. Bu çalışmada kuruluşundan beri 30 bine yakın öğrencinin ziyaret ettiği sergi alanından kısaca bahsedilecek ardından Daimi Sergi Alanını ziyaret eden öğrencilerin Sergi Alanına ilişkin görüşlerine yer verilecektir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinin kullanıldığı çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ve grup görüşmesi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda öğrencilerin sergi alanını beğendiği, sergi alanındaki görsellerden etkilendiği, tarih derslerinde işlenen konular hakkındaki belgelere daha çok ilgi gösterdiği ve tarih derslerinde belge kullanılmasını istediği tespit edilmiştir.
Ziya Gökalp’in Türkçülük Düşüncesinin Milli Tarih Ders Kitaplarına Yansıması
Authors: NAMLI ALTINTAŞ İrem , GÖLEN Zafer
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmada Türk tarih tezine fikirleriyle destek olan Ziya Gökalp ve onun Türkçülük düşüncesinin millî tarih ders kitaplarına etkisi incelenmiştir. 1985-1986 öğretim yılından itibaren ortaokul düzeyinde sosyal bilgiler dersi yerine Millî Tarih dersleri okutulmaya başlanmıştır. Söz konusu ders kitapları, Türk tarih tezi ve Türk İslam sentezinin izlerini taşımaktadır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden dokuman incelemesi ile 1985-1997 arasında okutulan 7 ders kitabı incelenmiştir. Kitapların ilk basımlarına ulaşılmaya özen gösterilmiştir. İncelenen ders kitaplarında konu olarak Eski Türk devletleri ve Türk İslam devletleri ele alınarak araştırmanın sınırlılığı belirlenmiştir. Veriler, içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiş köklü medeniyet, yaşayış tarzı, kahramanlık, dil, din olmak üzere 5 kategori bulunmuştur. Kategoriler, Ziya Gökalp’in Türkçülük düşüncesiyle paraleldir.
Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmen Adaylarının Sözlü Tarih Uygulama Becerilerini Geliştirmeye Yönelik Örnek Bir Uygulama
Authors: GÖLGESİZ GEDİKLER Hülya
Published: October 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı lisans programına yeni girmiş olan “sosyal bilgiler öğretiminde tarihsel kanıt, yerel ve sözlü tarih” dersi kapsamında gerçekleştirilen bir sözlü tarih uygulamasında öğretmen adaylarının performanslarını değerlendirmek ve uygulamaya ilişkin algılarını incelemektir. Araştırma nitel araştırma desenlerinden eylem araştırması desenine göre şekillendirilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri bir devlet üniversitesinin ikinci sınıfında okuyan 18 sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adayı ile yapılan uygulamadan elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada katılımcıların çalışmaları rubrik ile değerlendirilmiş, veriler içerik analizi ve betimsel analize tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırmanın bulguları iyi bir rehberlik yapılması ve çalışmadan beklentilerin net ölçütlerle ifade edilmesi durumunda öğretmen adaylarının böyle bir çalışmayı başarılı bir biçimde gerçekleştirebileceklerini ortaya koymaktadır. Bulgular sözlü tarihin zorlu ve çok emek gerektiren bir çalışma olmasına karşın öğretmen adayları için keyifli, heyecan verici ve öğretici bir deneyim olarak algılandığını da göstermektedir. Araştırma sonuçlarından yola çıkarak lisans eğitiminde sözlü tarih çalışmalarına önem verilmesi, öğretmenlerin bu tür çalışmalarda gerekli rehberliği sağlayabilecek hizmet içi eğitimlere yönlendirilmesi ve sözlü tarihe ilişkin uygulamalı çalışmaların artırılması önerilmektedir.
Türkiye’de Selçuklu Tarihi Öğretiminin Tarih Dersi Programı, Tarih Dersi Kitabı ve Orta Öğretim Tarih Öğretmeleri Görüşleri Çerçevesinde İncelenmesi
Authors: BAL Mehmet Suat
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de Selçuklu tarihi öğretiminin günümüzde ne durumda olduğunu incelemektir. Bu amaçla, ortaöğretim tarih öğretmenlerinin Selçuklu Tarihi öğretimi konusundaki düşünceleri incelenmiştir. Bu araştırmada tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Amacı gerçekleştirmek için üç sorudan oluşan açık uçlu bir görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Görüşme formu verileri betimsel analiz yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Kahramanmaraş ilinde ortaöğretim tarih derslerine giren 12 tarih öğretmeni ile görüşülmüş ve görüşme formu doldurulmuştur. Selçuklu tarihi derslerinin, Osmanlı Devleti’nin son devrinde İslam Tarihi, Genel Tarih veya Osmanlı tarihi derslerinin içinde birer konu olarak ele alındığı görülmüştür. Cumhuriyet devrinde ise Selçuklu Tarih konuları Türk Tarihinin Ana Hatları ve Tarih II (Orta Zamanlar) kitapları içinde diğer Türk devletleri ile birlikte okutulmaktaydı. Bu devirde Dünya tarihine ve ilkçağ medeniyetlerine ağırlık verilmesine rağmen Selçuklu tarihi konularına daha az değinilmiştir. Günümüzde Selçuklu Tarihi Dersi ilköğretim 6. sınıfta bir ünite halinde anlatılmaktadır. Ortaöğretim de ise 9. sınıfta bir ünitede Büyük Selçuklu Devleti tarihi, 10. sınıfta bir ünitede Türkiye Selçuklu Devleti tarihi anlatılmaktadır. Sonuçta Türk İslam tarihinin en mühim evrelerinden biri olan Selçuklu Tarihinin Milli Eğitim kurumlarında ve üniversitelerde daha geniş ve orijinal yönleri ile ele alınması, konu işlenirken yerel tarih araştırması gibi farklı metodolojilerin kullanılması, öğrencilerin düşünme becerilerini artıracak stratejiler geliştirilmesi, alan gezilerine yer verilmesi ve ilgi çekici materyallerin kullanılması gerekli görülmektedir.
Türkiye’de Cumhuriyet Dönemi Lise Tarih Öğretiminde İlkçağ Uygarlıklarının Yeri Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: TURAN Refik
Published: October 2020

Türkiye’de 1930’lu yılların başlarından günümüze lise tarih ders kitaplarında İlkçağ uygarlıklarına ayrılan yerde meydana gelen değişimi ortaya koymayı amaçlayan bu araştırmada “doküman incelemesi” yöntemi ve “içerik analizi” tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda 1976-1978 yılları arasındaki iki yıllık dönem hariç olmak üzere Türkiye’de 1931- 1983 yılları arasındaki dönemde lise tarih öğretiminde İlkçağ uygarlıkları ile ilgili konuların önemli yer tuttuğu, aynı dönemde lise 1. sınıf tarih konularının tamamının İlkçağ uygarlıklarından oluştuğu anlaşılmıştır. Bu tarihten itibaren İlkçağ uygarlıklarına ayrılan yer azaltılmış; 1991-1992 öğretim yılından itibaren ise daha da azaltılarak Anadolu ve yakın çevresiyle sınırlandırılmıştır. Bu dönemde Ön Asya ve Eski Batı uygarlıklarına da sadece Anadolu uygarlıklarıyla ilişkileri boyutuyla yer verilmiştir. Lise tarih öğretiminde İlkçağ uygarlıklarına yönelik bu yaklaşım günümüze kadar değişmeden devam etmektedir. Araştırma sonunda öğrencilerin insanlık tarihinin gelişim evreleriyle ilgili olarak değişim ve sürekliliği doğru ve eksiksiz bir şekilde algılamalarını sağlamak için tarih dersi öğretim programlarında İlkçağ uygarlıklarına ayrılan yerin artırılması önerilmiştir.
Understanding Our History: Local and Oral History in Social Studies Courses
Authors: ÜTKÜR Nur
Published: October 2020

The main aim of this study was to elicit the views of prospective classroom teachers (PCT) about their work on local history and oral history after the education given in the social studies course and to determine the quality of their related work. The study group consisted of 63 PTCs attending the third grade at the Department of Classroom Education of a public university in Istanbul, Turkey. In this study, which has the characteristics of action research, document analysis as a qualitative research patterns and an open-ended survey were used as data collection tools. In the study, the PCTs received education on the use of local history and oral history in social studies courses. Then, they were asked to present their work on local history and oral history in a classroom setting. The results obtained show that the education they had been given was effective in the PCTs’ learning of how to use these methods in the social studies course. The PCTs successfully utilized local history and oral history in the social studies course and were able to present their related work. In addition, when the results related to the views of the PCTs were examined, it was determined that they had positive thoughts and gains, which is consistent with the literature.
Transformation v1
Authors: Zhang Linsheng
Published: October 2020

DNA fragment (plasmids) is transformed into bacteria artificially.
Green fluorescence measurement v1
Authors: Zhang Linsheng
Published: October 2020

A simplified protocol for detecting green fluorescent protein.
Differential Fluorescence Scanning Assay (DSF Assay) v1
Authors: Aizezi Yalikunjiang
Published: October 2020

Differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) is a thermal shift assay technique used to measure the denaturation of proteins caused by increasing temperature, which breaks the non-covalent bonds that underlie protein folding. Meanwhile, the fluorescent dye, which gives high fluorescence in a nonpolar environment, is used in the DSF assay to probe the hydrophobic sites, which are generally embedded in the interior part of the proteins and exposed when proteins are denatured by high temperature. Thus, as the temperature increases, the ratio of denatured proteins increases, thereby elevating the intensity of the fluorescence. When the protein is fully unfolded, the intensity would peak. It can be used to test if the ligand-protein interaction occurs by detecting the shift of thermostability of the target protein after the addition of the small molecule ligand.
Homologous recombination v1
Authors: Zhang Linsheng
Published: October 2020

Homologous recombination is performed using a commercial kit
Factors Affecting Cambodian Upper Secondary School Students’ Choice of Science Track
Authors: Sovansophal Kao , Kinya Shimizu
Published: October 2020

Upper secondary school years have been considered as a critical period for attracting students into future science-related majors and careers; yet, Cambodia is facing a worrisome decline trend in the students’ choice of science track. Through the lens of the making of engineers and scientists conceptual framework, the study aims to investigate the factors affecting Cambodian upper secondary school students’ choice of science track. With self-rating questionnaire survey, which randomly covered 751 11th graders in nine upper secondary schools in three provinces of Cambodia, the researcher collected data on three significant factors namely individual ability and personality, family background and encouragement, and upper secondary school experience and support. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that performance in science and mathematics subjects, attitude towards science, plan to major in STEM, time spent self-studying in science and mathematics subjects, family encouragement, mother’s education, and school location significantly predicted students’ choice of science track. Some important implications for pedagogical orientation were also discussed.
Principals’ views on policies and practices for the educational inclusion of Roma people
Authors: Parthenis Christos , Fragoulis George
Published: October 2020

The role of school principals is recognized as crucial for the daily operation of schools in general and specifically for the management of the challenges posed by the increasing diversity of the current era. In this article, kindergarten principals’ views regarding policies and practices for the management of diversity with reference to one of the most marginalized group, the Roma people, are examined. For this purpose, ten semi-structured interviews with kindergarten principals in areas in which Roma people live either in settlements or inside the residential areas were conducted. Data analysis indicates that principals are aware of the inadequacies of the policies regarding the Roma people and they propose a series of measures at local and central level for the improvement of the school inclusion of Roma children. However, principals are also trapped to a deficit discourse that transfers to the Roma people the major responsibility for their social and educational exclusion.
Habilidades sociales, autoconcepto y autoestima en adolescentes peruanos de educación secundaria
Authors: Tacca Huamán Daniel Rubén , Cuarez Cordero Renzo , Quispe Huaycho Roberto
Published: October 2020

El objetivo principal de la investigación fue conocer la relación entre las habilidades sociales, el autoconcepto y la autoestima en estudiantes peruanos de educación secundaria. La investigación fue cuantitativa, correlacional y no experimental-transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 324 estudiantes adolescentes de los dos últimos años de educación secundaria de distintos colegios de Lima, Perú. Los resultados evidencian una relación positiva y mediana entre las habilidades sociales y el autoconcepto, siendo el autoconcepto físico, social, personal y de sensación de control los que presentan mayor índice de correlación. También se encontró una relación positiva y mediana entre las habilidades sociales y la autoestima, por otra parte, la relación entre autoconcepto y autoestima resultó ser grande y positiva. La evidencia muestra que los varones obtienen mayor puntaje en las tres variables. Además, los adolescentes de colegios públicos y que estudian con una metodología con enfoque por competencias presentan mayor autoconcepto. No se encontraron diferencias según la edad de los participantes
School bulling. Teacher interpretation schemes and conceptualizations
Authors: Giavrimis Panagiotis Efstratios
Published: October 2020

School bullying has been a perennial phenomenon and in recent years several studies have been conducted to investigate its consequences on those involved. School bullying is defined as a form of aggressive behavior in which one or more students engage in physical or psychological violence against a student repeatedly and for a long time, consciously, to cause physical or mental pain. The purpose of our research is to investigate the interpretations of Primary education teachers in the island of Lesvos. We use symbolic interaction to interpret the meanings that are produced, exchanged, and intertwined in the social context of school. In the present study, the qualitative method was used, its main feature being the interpretive and naturalistic approach to social reality. Teachers, as actors subject to a structurally defined environment of school bullying interpretations, have incomplete knowledge of its conceptualization, but 'established' criteria for discriminating and delimiting 'divergent' behavior, which can, however, raise problems in terms of categorization.
Polymer Binders for the Electrodes of Lithium Batteries Part 1. Polyvinylidene Fluoride, its Derivatives and other Commercialized Materials
Authors:   Institute of Solid State Chemistry of the Ural Branch of RAS, Istomina Aigul S. , Bushkova Olga V. ,   Institute of Solid State Chemistry of the Ural Branch of RAS
Published: October 2020

The current situation in technology and developments in the field of polymer binders for composite electrodes of lithium electrochemical systems are discussed. A wide range of synthetic and natural polymers used for this purpose is considered. Emphasis is placed on commercially available materials, which form aqueous solutions or dispersions. The advantages of multifunctional polymer binders are demonstrated. The need for individual selection of a binder for a given active material to achieve and maintain high capacitive and power characteristics of the batteries, as well as to ensure their longterm safe cycling, is shown.
Accelerated Model of Charging of Lead­Acid Batteries. 4. Pulse Charge with Asymmetrical Current, Gas Evolving and Service Life
Authors:   Joint Stock Company «ELECTROTYAGA», Kamenev Yury B. , Chunts Nataliya I. ,   Joint Stock Company «ELECTROTYAGA»
Published: October 2020

This paper is the conclusion to the series of the articles devoted to the problem of accelerated charging of a lead­acid battery. In this paper we investigated the possibility of increasing the charge efficiency by applying the asymmetric current at the second stage. In addition, the effect of using admissible charging rates on the resource, the admissible number of consecutive cycles, and gas release were studied.
Electrochemical Characteristics and Phase Composition of Lithium­Manganese Oxide Spinel with Excess Lithium Li1+xMn2O4
Authors:   Institute of Solid State Chemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zhuravlev Victor D. , Shchekoldin Sergei I. ,   PJSC Saturn, Andrjushin Stanislav E. ,   PJSC Saturn, Sherstobitova Elena A. ,   Institute of Solid State Chemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nefedova Ksenia V. ,   Institute of Solid State Chemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bushkova Olga V. ,   Institute of Solid State Chemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2020

The paper presents the results of the study of phase composition and electrochemical performance of lithium­manganese oxide spinel with excess lithium of nominal composition of Li1+xMn2O4 obtained by solidphase method. It was established that samples with x = 0.1 and 0.2 were composite materials with LiMn2O4 being the basic phase and Li2MnO3 being the impurity (3 and 7 mas.%, respectively) also comprising trace amounts of MnO2. The composite material with 3% of Li2MnO3 (x = 0.1) retained 80–90% of the initial specific capacity after 300 charge­discharge cycles at C/2, while single­phase stoichiometric spinel LiMn2O4 retained less than 70–75%.
The Effect of Contact Lens–spectacle Reversed Galilean Telescope on the Visual Field of Patients with Open-angle Glaucoma
Authors: Moniritilaki Mohammadreza , Badakhsh Maryam , Ehsaei Asieh , Daneshvar Ramin
Published: October 2020

Purpose: Glaucoma causes irreversible visual field defects. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a reversed Galilean telescope on the visual field of patients with open-angle glaucoma.
Methods: Fifty-two glaucoma patients with a restricted visual field were recruited for this study. Central 30° visual field measurements were performed using a Humphrey visual field analyzer before and after applying the reversed Galilean telescope. To be more cosmetically acceptable, a combination of contact lens–spectacle was used as the reversed Galilean telescope.
Results: Our data analysis showed that the reversed Galilean telescope had a significant effect on all measured perimetric indices. Visual field index (VFI) improved from a basic value of 44.38 ± 26.96 percent to 49.30 ± 29.83 percent by using the reversed telescope (P < 0.001). Moreover, the mean deviation (MD) was significantly improved from the initial value of –19.91 ± 7.19 dB to a value of –18.69 ± 7.73 dB (P < 0.001). However, our results showed a significant reduction in the pattern standard deviation (PSD) comparing before (9.83 ± 2.82) and after (8.51 ± 3.30) values using the reversed Galilean telescope (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: The contact lens–spectacle combination reversed Galilean telescope significantly improved the central 30° visual field of glaucoma patients with the restricted visual field.
Distribution of Stromal Cell Subsets in Cultures from Distinct Ocular Surface Compartments
Authors: Liu Lei , Yu Ying , Peng Qiuyue , Porsborg Simone R , Nielsen Frederik M , Jørgensen Annemette , Grove Anni , Bath Chris , Hjortdal Jesper , Christiansen Ole B , Fink Trine , Zachar Vladimir
Published: October 2020

Purpose: To reveal the phenotypic differences between human ocular surface stromal cells (hOSSCs) cultured from the corneal, limbal, and scleral compartments.
Methods: A comparative analysis of cultured hOSSCs derived from four unrelated donors was conducted by multichromatic flow cytometry for six distinct CD antigens, including the CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166, CD146, and CD34.
Results: The hOSSCs, as well as the reference cells, displayed phenotypical profiles that were similar in high expression of the hallmark mesenchymal stem cell markers CD73, CD90, and CD105, and also the cancer stem cell marker CD166. Notably, there was considerable variation regarding the expression of CD34, where the highest levels were found in the corneal and scleral compartments. The multi-differentiation potential marker CD146 was also expressed highly variably, ranging from 9% to 89%, but the limbal stromal and endometrial mesenchymal stem cells significantly surpassed their counterparts within the ocular and reference groups, respectively. The use of six markers enabled investigation of 64 possible variants, however, just four variants accounted for almost 90% of all hOSSCs, with the co-expression of CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD166 and a combination of CD146 and CD34. The limbal compartment appeared unique in that it displayed greatest immunophenotype diversity and harbored the highest proportion of the CD146+CD34- pericyte-like forms, but, interestingly, the pericyte-like cells were also found in the avascular cornea.
Conclusions: Our findings confirm that the hOSSCs exhibit an immunophenotype consistent with that of MSCs, further highlight the phenotypical heterogeneity in stroma from distinct ocular surface compartments, and finally underscore the uniqueness of the limbal region.
Memantine, Simvastatin, and Epicatechin Inhibit 7-Ketocholesterol-induced Apoptosis in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells But Not Neurosensory Retinal Cells In Vitro
Authors: Neekhra Aneesh , Tran Julia , Pham Khoa , Sharma Ashish , Chwa Marilyn , Luthra Saurabh , A Ana L. Grmajo , Mansoor Saffar , Kuppermann Baruch D. , Kenney Cristina
Published: October 2020

Purpose: 7-ketocholesterol (7kCh), a natural byproduct of oxidation in lipoprotein deposits, is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study was performed to investigate whether several clinical drugs can inhibit 7kCh-induced caspase activation and mitigate its apoptotic effects on retinal cells in vitro.
Method: Two populations of retinal cells, human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) and rat neuroretinal cells (R28), were exposed to 7kCh in the presence of the following inhibitors: Z-VAD-FMK (pan-caspase inhibitor), simvastatin, memantine, epicatechin, and Z-IETD-FMK (caspase-8 inhibitor) or Z-ATAD-FMK (caspase-12 inhibitor). Caspase-3/7, -8, and -12 activity levels were measured by fluorochrome caspase assays to quantify cell death. IncuCyte live-cell microscopic images were obtained to quantify cell counts.
Results: Exposure to 7kCh for 24 hours significantly increased caspase activities for both ARPE-19 and R28 cells (P < 0.05). In ARPE cells, pretreatment with various drugs had significantly lower caspase-3/7, -8, and -12 activities, reported in % change in mean signal intensity (msi): Z-VAD-FMK (48% decrease, P < 0.01), memantine (decreased 47.8% at 1 μM, P = 0.0039 and 81.9% at 1 mM, P < 0.001), simvastatin (decreased 85.3% at 0.01 μM, P < 0.001 and 84.8% at 0.05 μM , P < 0.001) or epicatechin (83.6% decrease, P < 0.05), Z-IETD-FMK (68.1% decrease, P < 0.01), and Z-ATAD-FMK (47.7% decrease, P = 0.0017). In contrast, R28 cells exposed to 7kCh continued to have elevated caspase- 3/7, -8, and -12 activities (between 25.7% decrease and 17.5% increase in msi, P > 0.05) regardless of the pretreatment.
Conclusion: Several current drugs protect ARPE-19 cells but not R28 cells from 7kChinduced apoptosis, suggesting that a multiple-drug approach is needed to protect both cells types in various retinal diseases.
Efficacy and Safety of Infliximab in HLA-B27-associated Ocular Inflammation Refractory or Intolerant to Conventional Immunomodulatory Therapy
Authors: Bajwa Asima , Maleki Arash , Payal Abhishek R , Fandiño Adriana , Padrón María Inés Menéndez , Walsh Marisa , Foster Charles Stephen
Published: October 2020

Purpose: To determine the efficacy and safety of infliximab therapy in patients with HLA B-27-associated ocular inflammation resistant or intolerant to conventional immunomodulatory therapy.
Methods: This was a retrospective observational case series. All cases were uveitic patients with positive HLA-B27, confirmed through HLA testing, resistant or intolerant to conventional immunomodulatory therapy. The primary outcome of the study was to identify the efficacy of infliximab determined by the control of inflammation, duration of remission, and the ability to reduce conventional immunomodulatory therapy. The secondary outcome was an improvement of two or more lines of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) on the Snellen visual acuity chart.
Results: Twenty-four patients (38 eyes) were included in the study. All patients were followed for 24 months. Twenty-one (87.5%) patients completed 24 months of follow-up. Sixteen (66.7%) patients had active uveitis at the beginning of therapy. One patient out of these active patients had active inflammation at the end of follow-up period. Thirteen (87.5%) out of sixteen active patients were in steroid-free remission. The mean duration of treatment to induce remission was 16.5 months (range 6–24 months). Corticosteroid was stopped in 19 (90.5%) patients by the end of the study. At the end of the study, in patients who achieved remission, 14 (58.3%) patients were in remission on infliximab therapy and 6 (25%) patients were in remission off infliximab therapy. Of the 38 eyes, 8 (21.05%) showed improvement in BCVA (three eyes had successful cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation during infliximab therapy with no subsequent inflammation), while 26 eyes (68.4%) had stable BCVA over the 24-month study period. The side effects included allergic reaction, fatigue, cellulitis, headache, restlessness, elevation of liver enzymes, and anemia. Two patients (n = 24, 8.3%) experienced severe adverse effects and the treatment was stopped prematurely in these two patients.
Conclusion: Infliximab might induce and maintain the steroid-free remission in HLAB27- associated ocular inflammation in patients resistant or intolerant to conventional immunomodulatory therapy.
Efficacy of Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant in Different Patterns of Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Furino Claudio , Niro Alfredo , Reibaldi Michele , Grassi Maria Oliva , Boscia Francesco , Alessio Giovanni
Published: October 2020

Purpose: Different patterns of diabetic macular edema (DME) suggest different pathogenesis and drug response. We evaluated the outcomes after intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX) implant for DME with or without serous retinal detachment (SRD).
Methods: In this retrospective study, 22 naïve patients (23 eyes) with DME who underwent a single DEX implant were evaluated. Based on the optical coherence tomographic pattern of DME, 12 eyes had a cystoid macular edema pattern (Group 1) and 11 eyes had an SRD pattern (Group 2). The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (СRТ), central retinal volume (CRV), SRD height (SRDh), and intraocular pressure (IOP) were recorded before and at two and four months after the treatment.
Results: There were no significant differences between the groups regarding demographic, clinical data and outcomes at baseline. In Group 1, the CRT and CRV significantly decreased at two months (P = 0.002 and P = 0.01, respectively), while the BCVA significantly improved at four months (P = 0.03). In Group 2, the CRT and CRV significantly improved (P < 0.01 and P ≤ 0.01, respectively) during the follow-up period. At four months, both groups showed a recurrence of DME, Group 1 in particular (two-month CRT reduction, –149 ± 127 μm vs four-month CRT reduction, –72 ± 174 μm; P = 0.04). The mean reduction in CRV was significantly different at four months (Group 1, –0.49 ± 1.7 mm3 vs Group 2, –1.3 ± 1.3 mm3; P = 0.04). In Group 2, the SRDh significantly decreased at two (P = 0.01) and four months (P = 0.01). Four cases with elevated IOP were managed.
Conclusion: DEX implants were found to be effective in different patterns of DME. The SRD pattern may predict a longer-lasting morphologic efficacy.
Evaluating the Ectasia Risk Score System in Cancelled Laser In Situ Keratomileusis Candidates
Authors: Mohamadpour Mehrdad , Khorrami-Nejad Masoud , Kiarudi Mohammad Yaser , Khosravi Keivan
Published: October 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the ectasia risk score system in cancelled laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) candidates at an academic hospital.
Methods: LASIK candidates who had been cancelled by a surgeon considering the patient age, preoperative central corneal thickness, residual stromal bed thickness, or preoperative manifest refraction spherical equivalent were retrospectively reviewed, and their Randleman ectasia risk score system score was calculated.
Results: The mean ectasia score of 194 eyes (97 patients) was 4.5 ± 2.67; 40 (20.6%), 46 (23.7%), and 108 (55.7%) eyes were classified as low-, moderate-, and high-risk eyes, respectively. The topography was abnormal in 69% of the patients. The mean manifest refraction spherical equivalent, central corneal thickness, and estimated residual stromal bed thickness were 4 (+0.50 to –15.50) diopters, 520 (439 to 608) μm, and 312.38 (61.5 to 424.12) μm, respectively. The main cause of cancellation in low- and moderate-risk patients (86 eyes) was the presence of unstable refractive error in the past year.
Conclusion: Although promising, some other criteria, such as stable refraction, should be added to this scoring system to achieve greater practicality since a main cause of cancelling LASIK candidates in this study was the presence of unstable refraction.
Combining Baerveldt Implant with Trabectome Negates Tube Fenestration: A Coarsened-matched Comparison
Authors: Esfandiari Hamed , Hassanpour Kiana , Knowlton Peter , Shazly Tarek , Yaseri Mehdi , Loewen Nils A.
Published: October 2020

Purpose: To assess the efficacy and survival rate of the Trabectome-mediated ab interno trabeculectomy combined with non-fenestrated Baerveldt glaucoma implant compared with the Baerveldt glaucoma implant alone.
Method: In this retrospective comparative case series, 175 eyes undergoing primary glaucoma surgery (Baerveldt–Trabectome [BT] group: 60 eyes and Baerveldt [B] group: 115 eyes) were included. Participants were identified using the procedural terminology codes. Groups were then matched by Coarsened Exact Matching that resulted in the inclusion of 51 eyes in each group. The primary outcome measure was surgical success defined as 5 mmHg < intraocular pressure (IOP) ≤ 21 mmHg, and IOP reduction ≥ 20% from baseline, and no need to reoperation for glaucoma. Secondary outcome measures were IOP, number of glaucoma medications, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).
Results: The cumulative probability of success at one year was 61% in the BT group and 50% in the B group. IOP decreased from 23.5 ± 2.4 mmHg at baseline to 14.1 ± 2.7 mmHg at the final follow-up in the BT group (P = 0.001). The corresponding values for the B group were 23.2 ± 2.0 mmHg and 13.9 ± 1.6 mmHg, respectively (P = 0.001). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of IOP at the final follow-up (P = 0.56). The number of medications at baseline was 2.3 ± 0.3 in both groups. However, the BT group needed fewer drops at all postoperative time intervals and used 1.1 ± 0.3 versus 2.0 ± 0.4 eye drops (group B) at the final follow-up visit (P = 0.004). Eyes in B with phacoemulsification had a significantly higher IOP on day 1 compared to B (23.2 ± 14.3 versus 17.9 ± 11.4, P = 0.041). During the one-year follow-up, 7 (13.7%) patients in BT group and 18 (35.2%) in B group experienced hypotony (P = 0.04). No dangerous hypotony or hypertension occurred in BT group. The mean BCVA at baseline was 0.64 ± 0.85 logMAR and changed to 0.55 ± 0.75 logMAR in BT and B groups, respectively (P = 0.663). The corresponding numbers for the final follow-up visit was 0.72 ± 1.07 and 0.63 ± 0.97 logMAR, respectively (P = 0.668).
Conclusion: We observed similar rates of success and IOP reduction using BT and B techniques. BT group needed fewer glaucoma medications. Tube fenestration was unnecessary in BT group resulting in less postoperative ocular hypotony and hypertension. The results of our study indicate that additional trabectome procedure makes Baerveldt glaucoma implant safer, easier to handle, and more predictable in the most vulnerable patients with advanced glaucoma.
MyoRing Implantation with and without Corneal Collagen Crosslinking for the Management of Keratoconus
Authors: Mohammadpour Mehrdad , Masoumi Ahmad , Dehghan Mahmoud , Hashemian Mohammad Nasser , Karami Shahab Addin , Mahmoudi Alireza
Published: October 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of femtosecond laser-assisted MyoRing implantation with concurrent corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) compared to MyoRing alone for the treatment of progressive keratoconus.
Methods: A total of 60 patients were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups. In the first group, MyoRing was implanted, while in the second, it was inserted in the corneal stroma using the same technique, along with simultaneous CXL. Visual, refractive, topographic, and abberometric outcomes were measured preoperatively and at every postoperative visit.
Results: Data of 47 patients were available at the end of the study; 28 in the MyoRing group and 19 in the MyoRing + CXL group. The mean uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) improved from 0.79 ± 0.39 logMAR to 0.52 ± 0.31 logMAR (P < 0.05) in the MyoRing + CXL group and from 0.65 ± 0.38 logMAR to 0.62 ± 0.23 logMAR (P = 0.70) in the MyoRing group. CDVA changed from 0.33 ± 0.19 logMAR to 0.25 ± 0.16 logMAR (P = 0.10) in the MyoRing + CXL group and 0.32 ± 0.22 logMAR to 0.33 ± 0.17 logMAR (P > 0.5) in the MyoRing group. The mean keratometry (Km) decreased from 47.5 ± 2.7 D to 43.8 ± 3.2 D (P < 0.001) in the MyoRing group and 49.3 ± 3.4 D to 45.1 ± 3.0 D (P < 0.001) in the MyoRing + CXL group. Besides, horizontal coma was significantly lower in the MyoRing + CXL group (P = 0.022).
Conclusion: MyoRing insertion combined with CXL is a safe and effective method for the treatment of keratoconus. The visual and topographic outcomes were comparable to that for MyoRing insertion after 10 months; however, horizontal coma was significantly lower in the MyoRing + CXL group.
Minimally Invasive Surgery, Implantable Sensors, and Personalized Therapies
Authors: Gillmann Kevin , Mansouri Kaweh
Published: October 2020

Glaucoma management has changed dramatically over the last decades, through clinical advances and technological revolutions. This review discusses the latest innovations and challenges faced in the field around three major axes: minimally-invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS), implantable sensors and injectable therapeutics. Indeed, the vast number of recently developed MIGS techniques has not only provided clinicians with a wide range of therapeutic options, but they have also enabled them to adjust their therapies more finely which may have contributed a more patient-centric decision-making process. Yet, despite considerable advances in the field, the wide heterogeneity in clinical trial designs blurs the surgical outcomes, specificities and indications. Thus, more high-quality data are required to make the choice of a specific MIGS procedure more than an educated guess. Beyond the scope of MIGS, the potential of IOP telemetry for self-assessment of IOP-control through implantable sensors is developing into a real option for clinicians and an empowering opportunity for patients. Indeed, providing patients with direct feedback enables them to take control and have a clearer representation of their care, in turn leading to a better control of the disease. However, there are potential issues with self-monitoring of IOP, such as increased anxiety levels induced by measured IOP fluctuations and peaks, leading to patients self-treating during IOP spikes and additional office visits. Furthermore, the advent of implantable therapeutics may soon provide yet another step towards personalized glaucoma treatment, by offering not only an efficient alternative to current treatments, but also a therapeutic option that may better adapt to patients’ lifestyle. After several decades of relative stagnation through the last century, glaucoma has now entered what many view as a golden age for the specialty. Like every revolution, this one brings its fair share of uncertainty, clinical questioning and uneasy periods of adaptation to ever-changing expectations. Yet, while it is impossible to guess what the landscape of glaucoma surgery will be like in ten or fifteen years, data suggest a bright outlook both for patients and clinicians.
Keywords: Glaucoma; MIGS; Quality of Life; Telemetry; Eyemate; Bimatoprost SR
Photodynamic Therapy in Ocular Oncology
Authors: Mazloumi Mehdi , Dalvin Lauren A , Abtahi Seyed-Hossein , Yavari Negin , Yaghy Antonio , Mashayekhi Arman , Shields Jerry A , Shields Carol L
Published: October 2020

Over the past two decades, we have witnessed the increasing use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the field of ocular oncology. Based on a review of the literature and our own experience, we herein review the role of PDT for the management of intraocular tumors. The discussion includes two main topics. First, we discuss the application of PDT for benign tumors, including circumscribed choroidal hemangioma, choroidal osteoma, retinal astrocytoma, retinal capillary hemangioma (retinal hemangioblastoma), and retinal vasoproliferative tumor. Second, we assess the role of PDT for malignant tumors, including choroidal melanoma and choroidal metastasis.
Metastatic Intraocular Tumor Due to Colorectal Adenocarcinoma: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Cruzado-Sánchez Deivy , Saavedra-Mejía Luis A. , Tellez Walter A. , Maquera-Torres Grissnery , Serpa-Frias Solon
Published: October 2020

Purpose: To describe the clinical and histopathological findings of a case of intraocular metastasis due to colorectal adenocarcinoma and to carry out a literature review.
Case Report: A 64-year-old man with a history of tumor resection due to infiltrating colorectal adenocarcinoma three years previously sought ophthalmological care because of severe ocular pain without response to medical treatment and progressive vision loss in the left eye. On ultrasonographic examination, there was a heterogeneous intraocular choroidal tumor, which occupied approximately 40% of the vitreous cavity, as well as peritumoral serous retinal detachment. The patient underwent left eyeball enucleation. The histopathological diagnosis was metastatic tubular adenocarcinoma involving the retina and choroid that partially infiltrated the sclera and the proximal optic nerve.
Conclusion: The present case highlights a rare pathological entity associated with variable therapeutic schemes and survival times and poor prognosis in patients with metastatic intraocular tumors due to colorectal adenocarcinoma.
Amniotic Membrane Patch Graft in Management of Double Chamber after Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
Authors: Zarei-Ghanavati Mehran , Davoodabadi Mahmood , Shahbazi Ahad
Published: October 2020

Purpose: To describe a novel technique of amniotic membrane (AM) patch graft in the management of double chamber treatment after big-bubble deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK).
Case Report: A 35-year-old male patient with advanced keratoconus underwent bigbubble DALK. Manual lamellar dissection was done due to failed big-bubble. First-day postoperative double chamber was detected. Air bubbling and SF6 injection were tried without any success. Double chamber resolved by fixation of AM transplantation patch graft (1 × 1 mm) over the Descemet’s membrane perforation with fibrin glue.
Conclusion: Amniotic membrane patch graft can be used in the management of double chamber after DALK not responsive to intracameral gas injection.
Traumatic Endothelial Corneal Rings
Authors: Mohammad-Rabei Hossein , Azari Amir A. , Arabi Amir
Published: October 2020

This is a Photo Essay. Please download the PDF or view the article HTML.
A Suspected Detached Pars Plana Cyst in the Vitreous Cavity
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Varshney Abhishek
Published: October 2020

This is a Photo Essay. Please download the PDF or view the article HTML.
Prácticas pedagógicas para la aproximación al conocimiento como científico social y natural en estudiantes de secundaria
Authors: Castelblanco Alexandra , Cifuentes José Eduardo , Pinilla Diana Patricia , Pulido Sarasbathy Debi
Published: October 2020

El presente artículo presenta los hallazgos de una investigación que surgió del análisis y la reflexión de tres docentes de una institución pública del departamento de Cundinamarca. Ellos observaron que los estudiantes, en las áreas de ciencias naturales y sociales, presentaban bajos niveles en el desempeño de las competencias argumentativas, interpretativas y propositivas; dificultad para explicar las ideas y sustentar proposiciones y puntos de vista; dificultad para hacer comparaciones; y baja capacidad para formular hipótesis y dar respuestas en diversos ejercicios. Por tal razón, la investigación buscó generar transformaciones en las prácticas de aula desde el marco de la enseñanza para la comprensión, con el fin de promover la aproximación al conocimiento como lo hace un científico natural y social en estudiantes de educación básica secundaria y media académica. La investigación es de enfoque cualitativo, con la metodología de la investigación acción pedagógica. Se logró generar transformaciones en las prácticas pedagógicas a partir del constante cuestionamiento y reflexión desde el aula, que condujeron a mejorar los desempeños de los estudiantes en el desarrollo de competencias, habilidades y actitudes científicas.
Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación aplicadas a la educación en ciencias
Authors: Lorduy Danny José , Naranjo Claudia Patricia
Published: October 2020

El uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación [TIC] ha mostrado tener aceptación para aumentar la motivación de los estudiantes, ya que les permite desarrollar competencias tecnológicas, la creatividad y la innovación. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue caracterizar el uso de las TIC en el área de ciencias naturales como factor asociado al aprendizaje de contenidos en ciencia, tecnología y sociedad [CTS]. La muestra estuvo conformada por quince estudiantes de noveno grado y dos docentes del área de ciencias de una institución educativa pública en Colombia. La investigación fue cualitativa con enfoque fenomenológico. Se usaron la observación no participativa, entrevistas semiestructuradas y el análisis de contenido cualitativo. Se observó el cambio en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes con el uso de las TIC en el componente CTS. Este uso propició la motivación, la atención y la participación durante el desarrollo de las actividades. Por lo tanto, es imperativo fortalecer la educación en ciencias desde ambientes tecnológicos para que los estudiantes puedan dar soluciones a situaciones problémicas de su contexto.
The Role of Discourse and Text in the Construction of Organizational Identity
Authors: Bizjak Davide
Published: October 2020

Functional approaches and practices can be seen as loci of knowledge production and preservation. The present paper provides a comprehensive reflection on the former by discussing in detail the concept of discourse and discourse analysis applied to organisational contexts. Indeed, language and discourse are the principal means by which institutions and organisations create their own social reality. With the aim to clarifying how the social world is constructed and construed through actions of intersubjective meaning-making processes and to avoid the emphasis placed only on micro-linguistic elements, Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) was introduced to raise the attention on the macro-social aspects of discourse within organisations.
MITAO: A User Friendly and Modular Software for Topic Modelling
Authors: Ferri Paolo , Heibi Ivan , Pareschi Luca , Peroni Silvio
Published: October 2020

Texts are among the most relevant data sources for social scientists, and traditionally researchers adopt qualitative methods for dealing with them. Yet, new computer aided techniques offer promising methodological avenues for scholars, which can now deal with big corpora of texts. One of the techniques that recently gained more relevance is Topic Modelling, which permits extracting bag of words which co-occur often in texts. While Topic Modelling was fruitfully used in sociology and management, existing software for performing it requires coding skills, and are not user friendly. In this paper we present MITAO, a new graphic-based, user friendly, open source software for performing topic modelling and other analysis on textual data.
Applying Topic Modelling to Party Discourse: An Exploration of the Italian Case in 2013–2019
Authors: Pareschi Andre
Published: October 2020

During the last few years, external crises and endogenous weaknesses have combined to plunge the Italian political system into generalised instability. In particular, the major political parties have experienced rapidly turning tides in a context of intensified electoral volatility. This explorative article sets out to get an insight into the discursive struggles that have pitted these parties one against another, undergirding the ebb and flow in their respective mass support and revolving around the ways of communicating political change. To that end, I collect data from the official Facebook pages of the four main Italian parties, downloading posts they published in the period 2013–2019 via the Netvizz application, and I analyse the four corresponding textual corpora through the technique of Topic Modelling. On such bases, the article finds the overall configuration of the political discourse of Italian parties to be aptly described by a model comprising 16 topics, equally divided into ‘partisan’ and ‘cross-cutting’ ones, with the former having a slight edge in terms of diffusion. The four parties differ among themselves by the topics they focus on and by the quantity of topics they choose to include sizably in their streams of communication.
Leveraging, Capture and Resistance: Local Adaptation of the Discourse on European Cohesion Policies in Italian Regions
Authors: Pareschi Luca
Published: October 2020

Cohesion policy accounts for more than one third of the budget of the European Union, but research mostly focuses on economic aspects. In this paper we tackle the discursive dimension of cohesion policy, and in particular, we address the debate on newspapers at national and regional level. As regions can be deemed as the product of struggle over meaning, and as discourses are able to mould and change reality and how we perceive it, we explore the topics used by media when dealing with Cohesion Policy, and in particular we address to what extent national and regional debate differ, also considering regions that differ according to the effectiveness of funds’ management. We performed a topic model on newspapers articles, and we also collected economic data through Eurispes. Our findings point at three processes, which we called leverage, capture, and resistance, which define the local (regional) adaptation of national discourses on cohesion policy. These processes reflect entrenched power relations and depend on the specific context of programming periods, on contingent events, and on structural factors pertaining to regions’ history of economic and social development.