bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pela tela de um tablet: tecnologias digitais na Educação Infantil
Authors: Azevêdo Queiroz Manuela , Pinto de Moura Librandi da Rocha Maria Silvia
Published: November 2021

Este artigo expõe resultados de pesquisa desenvolvida sob a perspectiva da Teoria Histórico-Cultural, com objetivo de examinar o uso de um tablet para (re)significações e (re)interpretações de crianças sobre suas experiências no contexto escolar. Participaram da investigação 19 crianças de quatro a cinco anos de idade de uma escola pública, a quem a pesquisadora solicitou que manuseassem um tablet a fim de fotografarem aquilo de que mais gostavam na escola. Posteriormente, em sessões de entrevista, as crianças eram convidadas a selecionarem as fotos de que mais gostavam. O estudo foi realizado por meio de observações, produção de fotografias e entrevista. Foram realizadas 11 sessões para fotografar e sete sessões para escolhas das fotos, todas vídeo-filmadas. A construção do material empírico permitiu-nos constatar a potência da atividade desenvolvida com o tablet para as (re)elaborações e (re)significações dos participantes no tocante ao contexto escolar, afetando, dessa maneira, suas relações com o meio, com o instrumento e entre pares.
Relações históricas da Resolução CNE/CP nº 1/2021: implicações para a formação docente na Educação Profissional
Authors: Lima Marcelo , Das Mercês Tatiana
Published: November 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a trajetória histórica da formação de professores para a Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT) no Brasil. Analisa diferentes documentos oficiais que regulamentam a docência na EPT desde a década de 1990 ao presente cenário e dialoga com produções acadêmicas do campo Trabalho e Educação, como Frigotto, Machado, Moura e Ciavatta, que versam sobre as flexibilizações e precarizações da docência nessa modalidade de ensino. As políticas de formação docente na EPT sofrem significativamente com a descontinuidade e fragmentação das ações por parte dos governos: a maioria possui caráter emergencial e provisório, por conseguinte, não garante um trabalho pedagógico que se afirme na perspectiva emancipatória dos educandos e ultrapasse à lógica da formação para o mercado.
Interpretações de Nestor dos Santos Lima sobre a docência em instituições profissionais brasileiras e argentinas (1923)
Authors: Machado de Amorim Sara Raphaela , De Lima Silva Nascimento Francinaide , Lopes Pires Raquel
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo busca analisar interpretações, produzidas pelo dirigente educacional norte-rio-grandense Nestor dos Santos Lima, sobre a docência em instituições de educação. Comissionado oficialmente no ano de 1923 para observar espaços educacionais em estados brasileiros e na região do Rio da Prata, produziu um minucioso registro contendo dados e impressões acerca dos espaços visitados e que permitem perspectivar as relações entre os saberes e práticas que orientavam a docência desenvolvida no Brasil e na Argentina no respectivo período. Esta investigação centra-se, portanto, no conhecimento das ideias e práticas que circularam internacionalmente a partir da intersecção entre os países analisados. Em termos teórico-metodológicos, fundamenta-se na História Cultural e nos elementos da História Comparada, bem como na História da Educação Profissional, numa perspectiva transnacional. Dessa forma, são interlocutores Ciavatta (2007; 2009), Cunha (2005), Chartier (1990), Catani (2007), Roldán Vera e Fuchs (2021), Riondet, Hofstetter e Go (2018), dentre outros. A análise do relatório ressalta o contato do dirigente com a Associação Brasileira de Educação e demais sujeitos que circulavam no país. No tocante à educação para o trabalho, destaca-se a crescente procura por qualificação em um ofício com a aquisição do conhecimento prático, conferindo uma visão técnica e artística. Nesse sentido, as visitas comissionadas buscaram imprimir cientificidade e significação social às formações para o progresso técnico nas oficinas e nas indústrias nacionais.
Stronger net selection on males across animals
Authors: Winkler Lennart , Moiron Maria , Morrow Edward H , Janicke Tim
Published: November 2021

Sexual selection is considered the major driver for the evolution of sex differences. However, the eco-evolutionary dynamics of sexual selection and their role for a population’s adaptive potential to respond to environmental change have only recently been explored. Theory predicts that sexual selection promotes adaptation at a low demographic cost only if sexual selection is aligned with natural selection and if net selection is stronger on males compared to females. We used a comparative approach to show that net selection is indeed stronger in males and provide preliminary support that this sex bias is associated with sexual selection. Given that both sexes share the vast majority of their genes, our findings corroborate the notion that the genome is often confronted with a more stressful environment when expressed in males. Collectively, our study supports one of the long-standing key assumptions required for sexual selection to bolster adaptation, and sexual selection may therefore enable some species to track environmental change more efficiently.
Hydrogen sulfide blocks HIV rebound by maintaining mitochondrial bioenergetics and redox homeostasis
Authors: Pal Virender Kumar , Agrawal Ragini , Rakshit Srabanti , Shekar Pooja , Murthy Diwakar Tumkur Narasimha , Vyakarnam Annapurna , Singh Amit
Published: November 2021

A fundamental challenge in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) eradication is to understand how the virus establishes latency, maintains stable cellular reservoirs, and promotes rebound upon interruption of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Here, we discovered an unexpected role of the ubiquitous gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in HIV latency and reactivation. We show that reactivation of HIV is associated with downregulation of the key H2S producing enzyme cystathionine-γ-lyase (CTH) and reduction in endogenous H2S. Genetic silencing of CTH disrupts redox homeostasis, impairs mitochondrial function, and remodels the transcriptome of latent cells to trigger HIV reactivation. Chemical complementation of CTH activity using a slow-releasing H2S donor, GYY4137, suppressed HIV reactivation and diminished virus replication. Mechanistically, GYY4137 blocked HIV reactivation by inducing the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, inhibiting NF-κB, and recruiting the epigenetic silencer, YY1, to the HIV promoter. In latently infected CD4+T cells from ART-suppressed human subjects, GYY4137 in combination with ART prevented viral rebound and improved mitochondrial bioenergetics. Moreover, prolonged exposure to GYY4137 exhibited no adverse influence on proviral content or CD4+T cell subsets, indicating that diminished viral rebound is due to a loss of transcription rather than a selective loss of infected cells. In summary, this work provides mechanistic insight into H2S-mediated suppression of viral rebound and suggests exploration of H2S donors to maintain HIV in a latent form.
Telemedicine Visits During COVID‐19 Improved Clinic Show Rates
Authors: Alkilany Reem , Tarabichi Yasir , Hong Raymond
Published: November 2021

Objective

We aimed to explore the impact of telehealth in the setting of COVID‐19 on patient access to ambulatory rheumatologic care at our academic public health system and to determine whether telemedicine visits had a beneficial impact on access to our rheumatology ambulatory clinics.

Methods

We compared completed, no‐show, and cancellation rates between in‐person clinic visits and telemedicine appointments over a 10‐week time period before Ohio's initial executive order responding to COVID‐19 (premandate period) and a 10‐week time period afterward (postmandate period). Scheduling and appointment data were retrospectively extracted from the medical center's electronic health record.

Results

During the premandate period, when all visits were in‐person, the total number of completed visits was 930. The percentages of cancellations, no‐shows, and completed appointments of all appointment activities were 31.43%, 13.12%, and 55.46%, respectively. During the postmandate period, when telemedicine visits were added, the overall total number of completed visits was 1038. The percentages of cancellations, no‐shows, and completed appointments of all appointment activities were 53.45%, 13.91%, and 32.64%, respectively, for in‐person appointments and 0.12%, 8.48%, and 91.39%, respectively, for telemedicine appointments.

Conclusion

Telemedicine during the COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in higher rates of completed appointments and lower rates of missed appointments in the rheumatology outpatient clinic compared with in‐person visits during and prior to the pandemic.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles: Phase Transfer to Water
Authors: Saloga Patrick E. J. , Rybak Tina , Thünemann Andreas F.
Published: November 2021

Herein, a simple one‐pot procedure is reported to obtain aqueous zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle dispersions from ZnO nanoparticles dispersed in cyclohexane. In the process, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (polysorbate 80, Tween 80) functions as a phase transfer agent and colloidal stabilizer. The particles grow in a defined manner during the transfer, presumably via coalescence. The final particle radii are tuneable in the range from 2.3 ± 0.1 nm to 5.7 ± 0.1 nm depending on the incubation time of the dispersion at 90 °C. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering is employed to determine the particle radius distributions before and after phase transfer. The larger ZnO particle radii are associated with a redshift of the optical bandgap and luminescence emission, as expected for semiconductor nanoparticles. The particles presented here exhibit a relative size distribution width of 20%, rendering them attractive for applications in, e.g., biology or catalysis. The latter application is demonstrated at the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye.
RKKY Exchange Bias Mediated Ultrafast All‐Optical Switching of a Ferromagnet
Authors: Chatterjee Jyotirmoy , Polley Debanjan , Pattabi Akshay , Jang Hyejin , Salahuddin Sayeef , Bokor Jeffrey
Published: November 2021

The discovery of ultrafast helicity‐independent all‐optical switching (HI‐AOS), as well as picosecond all‐electrical switching of a ferrimagnet, has inspired the ultrafast spintronics community to explore ultrafast switching of a ferromagnet to achieve practical ultrafast storage and memory devices. Two explored mechanisms of HI‐AOS of a ferromagnet in ferromagnet‐ferrimagnet heterostructure are: a) exploiting the indirect exchange coupling with and b) injection of non‐local spin current originated from a switching ferrimagnet. In this manuscript, exchange mediated HI‐AOS of a Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida (RKKY) exchange coupled “[Co/Pt]‐multilayers/Pt spacer/CoGd” heterostructure is demonstrated. The authors have measured layer‐resolved static magnetic properties, single‐shot HI‐AOS, and magnetization dynamics of the ferromagnetic Co/Pt multilayers (MLs), that are ferromagnetically or antiferromagnetically coupled with ferrimagnetic CoGd layers. Time‐resolved magnetization dynamics reveal a 3.5 ps switching time of the Co/Pt MLs, which is the fastest switching of a ferromagnet reported to date. Employing an extended microscopic three‐temperature model, the temporal dynamics of the exchange coupled ferromagnet–ferrimagnet heterostructure are simulated, qualitatively and quantitatively explaining the experimental switching phenomena. This work experimentally as well as theoretically establishes the mechanism of exchange mediated all‐optical switching of ferromagnet‐ferrimagnet heterostructures, which can be integrated with a magnetic tunnel junction for efficient reading after ultrafast energy‐efficient switching.
Oxidase Mimic Graphdiyne for Efficient Superoxide Generation in Wide pH Ranges
Authors: Gu Yu , Fan Cunxia , Hao Xijuan , Hu Fangxin , Zhang Chunmei , Yang Hongbin , Li Chang‐Ming , Guo Chunxian
Published: November 2021

Great effort has been made in exploring techniques and catalysts for O2•− production but they always work efficiently in either acidic or base environment. Presented here is the design of a unique oxidase mimic catalyst comprising self‐assembled hemin molecules on graphdiyne (hemin/GDY) for efficient O2•− generation in wide pH ranges. Hemin molecules anchor uniformly across the carbon frame of GDY to enable atomic distribution of the active metal sites, delivering a O2•− production rate of 35.7 and 2.3 times than that of hemin and hemin/graphene, respectively. In particular, hemin/GDY can efficiently produce O2•− in acidic, alkaline, and neutral environments, delivering a wide pH behavior. Its oxidase mimic ability is demonstrated for sensing glutathione molecules in cell assays, exhibiting high selectivity, long linear range. This work opens a promising design strategy toward efficient oxidase mimic catalysts for various applications.
Broadband Polarization‐Insensitive Coherent Rasorber in Terahertz Metamaterial with Enhanced Anapole Response and Coupled Toroidal Dipole Modes
Authors: Pan Hao , Zhang Hai‐feng
Published: November 2021

Enhanced anapole and coupled toroidal dipole moments sustaining the synthesized terahertz (THz) metamaterial innovatively promise for absorption‐transmission‐absorption (ATA) metamaterial rasorber (MMR). The anapole mode, due to the strong interaction of electric and magnetic dipole moments, and Fabry–Pérot resonance are supported by the dumbbell‐shaped apertures topologically distributed in a double‐layer silver plate, thus forming the transmission window with high frequency‐selectivity. Meanwhile, the coupled toroidal dipole moments depending on the toroidal structure can cause destructive and constructive interference in far and near fields, respectively, thus causing much electromagnetic energy loss in a wide band. Combining anapole with toroidal dipole moments, the ATA MMR depending on the THz metamaterial can attain high absorption (over 0.88) at 1.46–2.29 THz with relative absorption bandwidth (RABW) of 44.27%, and at 3.51–4.3 THz the RABW of 20.26%, and simultaneously the transmission (over 0.7) window covering 2.9–3.21 THz, with relative transmission bandwidth (RTBW) of 10.3%. These superior properties of the MMR promise a great potential for practical application in radar and electromagnetic stealth fields. Furthermore, the innovative combination of anapole and toroidal dipole moments in the MMR assists in enriching the theoretical framework and strategically opening up state‐of‐the‐art pathways of multipole electrodynamics.
Antifeedant and Antifungal Activities of Metabolites Isolated from the Coculture of Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus tubingensis S1120 with Red Ginseng
Authors: Wu Ya‐Mei , Yang Xue‐Qiong , Zhao Tong‐De , Shi Wen‐Zhi , Sun Li‐Jingfei , Cen Rong‐Huan , Yang Ya‐Bin , Ding Zhong‐Tao
Published: November 2021

A new globoscinic acid derivative, aspertubin A (1) along with four known compounds, were obtained from the co‐culture of Aspergillus tubingensis S1120 with red ginseng. The chemical structures of compounds were characterized by using spectroscopic methods, the calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism. Panaxytriol (2) from red ginseng, and asperic acid (4) showed significant antifeedant effect with the antifeedant rates of 75 % and 80 % at the concentrations of 50 μg/cm2. Monomeric carviolin (3) and asperazine (5) displayed weak attractant activity on silkworm. All compounds were assayed for antifungal activities against phytopathogens A. tubingensis, Nigrospora oryzae and Phoma herbarum and the results indicated that autotoxic aspertubin A (1) and panaxytriol (2) possessed selective inhibition against A. tubingensis with MIC values at 8 μg/mL. The co‐culture extract showed higher antifeedant and antifungal activities against P. herbarum than those of monoculture of A. tubingensis in ordinary medium. So the medicinal plant and endophyte showed synergistic effect on the plant disease resistance by active compounds from the coculture of A. tubingensis S1120 and red ginseng.
Chemical Composition and Biological Screening of the Essential Oils of Micromeria macrosiphon and M. arganietorum (Lamiaceae)
Authors: El Yaagoubi Mohamed , Mechqoq Hicham , Ortiz Sergio , Cavaleiro Carlos , Lecsö‐Bornet Marylin , Pereira Catarina Guerreiro , Rodrigues Maria João , Custódio Luísa , El Mousadik Abdelhamid , Picot Laurent , Kritsanida Marina , Msanda Fouad , El Aouad Noureddine , Grougnet Raphaël
Published: November 2021

The chemical composition and in vitro biological activities of the essential oil (EO) of Micromeria macrosiphon Coss. and M. arganietorum (J. Emb.) R. Morales, two Lamiaceae endemic to south Morocco, were investigated. GC/MS analysis resulted in the identification of 36 metabolites from the EO of M. macrosiphon, 45 from M. arganietorum. Borneol was the major metabolite in both oils and together with related derivatives such as camphor, accounted for 2/3 of the EO of M. macrosiphon, 1/3 of those of M. arganietorum. Pinene and terpinene derivatives were also present in high proportions. From a chemotaxonomic point of view, the composition of the examined samples may be related to those of other species endemic to Macaronesia. Both EOs showed significant toxicity towards liver HepG2 and melanoma B16 4A5 tumor cell lines at 100 μg/mL; however, they were also cytotoxic towards S17 normal cell lines, with a selectivity index <1. No antibacterial activity was noticed against 52 strains at 100 μg/mL.
The Impact of Lithium Tungstate on the Densification and Conductivity of Phosphate Lithium‐Ion Conductors
Authors: Odenwald Philipp , Ma Qianli , Davaasuren Bambar , Dashjav Enkhtsetseg , Tietz Frank , Wolff Michael , Rheinheimer Wolfgang , Uhlenbruck Sven , Guillon Olivier , Fattakhova‐Rohlfing Dina
Published: November 2021

Phosphate lithium‐ion conductors are outstanding electrolyte materials for solid‐state lithium batteries. As polycrystalline ceramics, they must be sintered at high temperatures. Lithium tungstate Li2WO4 (LWO) is reported for the first time as an effective sintering aid to reduce the sintering temperature for one of the most common solid‐state lithium‐ion conductors, Li1.5Al0.5Ti1.5(PO4)3 (LATP). While densification of LATP without sintering aids requires temperatures of at least 950 °C to obtain a relative density of 90 %, here relative densities of 90–95 % are achieved even at 775 °C when 5 wt.% of LWO are added. At 800 °C the LATP containing 5–7 wt.% LWO densifies to a relative density of 97.2 %. The ionic conductivity of LWO containing LATP is generally higher than that of pure LATP sintered at the same temperature. LATP containing 7 wt.% LWO shows high ionic conductivity of 4.4×10−4 S/cm after sintering at 825 °C. A significant reduction in sintering temperature, an increase in density and in the ionic conductivity of LATP as well as its non‐toxicity render LWO a very promising sintering aid for the development of LATP‐based solid state batteries.
Thermo‐Induced Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Transformations and Photo‐Induced [2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions in Polymorphs of Chalcone‐Based Molecular Crystals: Multi‐Stimuli Responsive Actuators
Authors: Shu Yuanhong , Ye Kaiqi , Sun Jingbo , Yue Yuan , Liu Cheng , Wang Haoran , Lu Ran
Published: November 2021

The polymorphs of 2ClChMe‐4 in Form I (ribbon‐like crystal) and Form II (block‐like crystal) were prepared, and they exhibited curling/flipping and expansion upon heating on account of single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal transformations. The irreversible phase transformations occurred separately at 53.2 °C and 57.8 °C for the crystals in Form I and Form II, during which the molecular conformation of 2ClChMe‐4 changed and the molecules slipped along the (100) plane. Movement at the molecular level resulted in changes of cell parameters, which in turn led to macroscopic motions of the crystals upon heating. Additionally, the ribbon‐like crystals of 2ClChMe‐4 showed photo‐induced bending driven by [2+2] cycloaddition. Accordingly, an actuator showing reversible bending behavior was fabricated triggered by light and heat successively. Like biomimetic self‐actuators, such multi‐stimuli mechanical responsive molecular crystals might have potential applications in soft robots, artificial muscles and microfluidic systems.
The relationship between the body mass index and in‐hospital mortality in patients admitted for sudden cardiac death in the United States
Authors: Rozen Guy , Elbaz‐Greener Gabby , Marai Ibrahim , Heist E. Kevin , Ruskin Jeremy N. , Carasso Shemy , Birati Edo Y. , Amir Offer
Published: November 2021

While obesity has been shown to be associated with elevated risk for Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD), studies examining its effect on outcomes in SCD victims have shown conflicting results. We aimed to describe the body mass index (BMI) distribution in a nationwide cohort of patients admitted for an out of hospital SCD (OHSCD), and the relationship between BMI and in‐hospital mortality. We drew data from the U.S. National Inpatient Sample (NIS), to identify cases of OHSCD. Patients were divided into six groups based on their BMI (underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese I, obese II, extremely obese). Socio‐demographic and clinical data were collected, mortality and length of stay were analyzed. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify predictors of mortality. Among a weighted total of 2330 hospitalizations for OHSCD in patients with documented BMI, the mean age was 62.3 ± 29 years, 52.4% were male and 62% were white. The overall rate of in‐hospital mortality was 69.3%. A U‐shaped relationship between the BMI and mortality was documented, as patients with 25 < BMI < 40 exhibited significantly lower mortality (60.7%) compared to the other BMI groups (75.2%), p < .001. BMI of 25 kg/m2 and below or 40 kg/m2 and above, were independent predictors of in‐hospital mortality in a multivariate analysis along with prior history of congestive heart failure and Deyo Comorbidity Index of ≥2. A U‐shaped relationship between the BMI and in‐hospital mortality was documented in patients hospitalized for an out of hospital sudden cardiac death in the United States in the recent years.
Improving the quality of care for patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: Program components, implementation barriers, and recommendations
Authors: Temkin Sarah M. , Smeltzer Matthew P. , Dawkins Monique D. , Boehmer Leigh M. , Senter Leigha , Black Destin R. , Blank Stephanie V. , Yemelyanova Anna , Magliocco Anthony M. , Finkel Mollie A. , Moore Tracy E. , Thaker Premal H.
Published: November 2021

The high lethality of ovarian cancer in the United States and associated complexities of the patient journey across the cancer care continuum warrant an assessment of current practices and barriers to quality care in the United States. The objectives of this study were to identify and assess key components in the provision of high‐quality care delivery for patients with ovarian cancer, identify challenges in the implementation of best practices, and develop corresponding quality‐related recommendations to guide multidisciplinary ovarian cancer programs and practices. This multiphase ovarian cancer quality‐care initiative was guided by a multidisciplinary expert steering committee, including gynecologic oncologists, pathologists, a genetic counselor, a nurse navigator, social workers, and cancer center administrators. Key partnerships were also established. A collaborative approach was adopted to develop comprehensive recommendations by identifying ideal quality‐of‐care program components in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer management. The core program components included: care coordination and patient education, prevention and screening, diagnosis and initial management, treatment planning, disease surveillance, equity in care, and quality of life. Quality‐directed recommendations were developed across 7 core program components, with a focus on ensuring high‐quality ovarian cancer care delivery for patients through improved patient education and engagement by addressing unmet medical and supportive care needs. Implementation challenges were described, and key recommendations to overcome barriers were provided. The recommendations emerging from this initiative can serve as a comprehensive resource guide for multidisciplinary cancer practices, providers, and other stakeholders working to provide quality‐directed cancer care for patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer and their families.
Philadelphia‐like acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Characterization in a pediatric cohort in a referral center in Colombia
Authors: Linares Ballesteros Adriana , Yunis Luz Karime , García Johnny , Aponte Nelson , Flechas Jessica , Martinez Cindy , Uribe Gloria , Quintero Edna , Díaz Angela , Pardo Carlos , Sarmiento Isabel Cristina , Contreras Agustin , Yunis Juan Jose
Published: November 2021

Background

Philadelphia‐like (Ph‐like) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a subtype of pediatric leukemia with high risk factors and poor outcome. There are few reports of its prevalence in Latin America.

Aim

This study evaluated the frequency and clinical and biological characteristics of Ph‐like ALL in a pediatric cancer center in Colombia.

Methods

The Ph‐like genetic profile was analyzed by a low‐density array (LDA). Samples from patients with Ph‐like ALL were analyzed by fluorescent in situ hybridization for cytokine receptor like factor 2 (CRLF2) and ABL proto‐oncogene 1, non‐receptor tyrosine kinase (ABL1) rearrangements. Copy number variations were assessed by multiplex ligation probe amplification.

Results

Data from 121 patients were analyzed. Fifteen patients (12.4%) had Ph‐like ALL, and these patients had significantly higher leukocyte counts at diagnosis and higher levels of minimal residual disease on days 15 and 33 of induction than patients without the Ph‐like subtype. There were no significant differences in sex, age, or response to prednisone at day 8 between the two groups. CRLF2 rearrangements were identified in eight patients, and ABL1 rearrangements were identified in two patients. Other genetic alterations alone or in combination were identified in 77% of patients, including deletions in cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2 A/B (46.2%), IKAROS family zinc finger 1 (38.3%), and paired box 5 (30.8%).

Conclusions

Ph‐like ALL had a 12.4% prevalence in our cohort of patients with pediatric ALL. The identification of this group of patients has importance for risk stratification and future targeted therapy.
A review on security requirements specification by formal methods
Authors: Mishra Aditya Dev , Mustafa Khurram
Published: November 2021

Security is an afterthought process for the development of software in earlier days but now the time has been changed. Now, security is on top priority and involved from the beginning of software development. Security requirements are the prime concern for the development and quality of any software product. The specification and verification of security requirements need a lot of attention from the computer science community in the process of the software development life cycle. Formal Methods are a widely used and well‐recognized approach for the specification and verification of any safety‐critical system. Formal methods play an important role in the requirement phase to the design phase of software development. In this study, we summarized the outcomes of related papers to find out the current state of the art in the proposed area. In this manuscript, three research questions are frame and we try to find the answer to these research questions to the best of our effort and knowledge. The objective of this research paper is to find out the gap analysis, state of art, and trends in the proposed area. The academician needs to pursue more effort toward the formal specification of security requirements, providing a deeper understanding to help security experts in the development of systems.
Recent Advances in Reductive Upgrading of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural via Heterogeneous Thermocatalysis
Authors: Wan Yan , Lee Jong‐Min
Published: November 2021

The catalytic conversion of 5‐hydroxymethylfufural (HMF), one of the vital platform chemicals in biomass upgrading, holds great promise for producing highly valuable chemicals through sustainable routes, thereby alleviating the dependence on fossil feedstocks and reducing CO2 emissions. The reductive upgrading (hydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, ring‐opening, ring‐rearrangement, amination, etc.) of HMF has exhibited great potential to produce monomers, liquid fuel additives, and other valuable chemicals. Thermocatalytic conversion has a significant advantage over photocatalysis and electrocatalysis in productivity. In this Review, the recent achievements of thermo‐reductive transformation of HMF to various chemicals using heterogeneous catalytic systems are presented, including the catalytic systems (catalyst and solvent), reaction conditions, (reaction temperature, pressure, etc.), and reaction mechanisms. The current challenges and future opportunities are discussed as well, aiming at guiding the catalyst design and practical scalable productions.
A study on combined multi‐resonance converter for on‐board charging of electric vehicles
Authors: Zhao Qinglin , Song Lu , Luo Zhuangqi , Wang Deyu
Published: November 2021

In this paper, a combined multi‐resonant converter for electric vehicle (EV) charging is proposed. The primary side of the converter is composed of dual LCLCL five‐element multi‐resonant tanks which are placed in parallel, and they share the primary side‐switches. Further, it comprises two rectifier bridges on the secondary side that act as the output in series. By combining the two constant voltage (CV) frequencies of the multi‐resonant tanks with the CV frequency and the constant current (CC) frequency of the other multi‐resonant tank respectively, the converter can achieve the CC and the CV output respectively at fixed frequency in order to meet the EV charging requirements. Theoretically, the open‐loop control can achieve the CC and CV modes of the converter. In the entire load range, the zero voltage turn‐on (ZVS) of the primary‐side switches and the zero current turn‐off (ZCS) of the secondary‐side rectifier diodes are realized. In order to verify the feasibility and the reliability of the converter, a 3.3‐kW experimental prototype was built and experimental analysis was carried out. From the results, it is found that the maximum efficiency of the prototype is 97.29% and the overall efficiency is above 95%.
GRAMD4 inhibits tumour metastasis by recruiting the E3 ligase ITCH to target TAK1 for degradation in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ge Qian yun , Chen Jin , Li Gan xun , Tan Xiao long , Song Jia , Ning Deng , Mo Jie , Du Peng cheng , Liu Qiu meng , Liang Hui fang , Ding Ze yang , Zhang Xue wu , Zhang Bi xiang
Published: November 2021

Background

Aberrant TAK1 (transforming growth factor β‐activated kinase 1) activity is known to be involved in a variety of malignancies, but the regulatory mechanisms of TAK1 remain poorly understood. GRAMD4 (glucosyltransferase Rab‐like GTPase activator and myotubularin domain containing 4) is a newly discovered p53‐independent proapoptotic protein with an unclear role in HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma).

Results

In this research, we found that GRAMD4 expression was lower in HCC samples, and its downregulation predicted worse prognosis for patients after surgical resection. Functionally, GRAMD4 inhibited HCC migration, invasion and metastasis. Mechanistically, GRAMD4 interacted with TAK1 to promote its protein degradation, thus, resulting in the inactivation of MAPK (Mitogen‐activated protein kinase) and NF‐κB pathways. Furthermore, GRAMD4 was proved to recruit ITCH (itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase) to promote the ubiquitination of TAK1. Moreover, high expression of TAK1 was correlated with low expression of GRAMD4 in HCC patients.

Conclusions

GRAMD4 inhibits the migration and metastasis of HCC, mainly by recruiting ITCH to promote the degradation of TAK1, which leads to the inactivation of MAPK and NF‐κB signalling pathways.
Considerations for user consultation in a flow cytometry shared resource laboratory
Authors: Graham Amy , Korecky Jena , Schultz Eric , Gregory Michael , Asosingh Kewal
Published: November 2021

User consultation is an essential first step in assuring high‐quality flow cytometric data. A central challenge to shared resource laboratory (SRL) staff is how to best guide new and current users to meet each projects' needs. One solution to this challenge is to follow a standard user consultation platform addressing all critical steps between the conception of the experiment and the actual acquisition of samples. Here we describe considerations to help an SRL understand the researcher's goals and how best the SRL staff can provide expert advice in a structured manner. User consultation has an educational nature, informing users about current best practices in cytometry that apply to their specific utilization. A consultation report also improves communication between the SRL, principal investigator, and lab members of the collaborating researcher. Development of best SRL practices is spearheaded by the ISAC SRL committee and this communication sets the foundation to initiate such report for user consultation. Implementation of best practices during user consultation will improve rigor and reproducibility in cytometry.
Annual banned‐substance review: Analytical approaches in human sports drug testing 2020/2021
Authors: Thevis Mario , Kuuranne Tiia , Geyer Hans
Published: November 2021

Most core areas of anti‐doping research exploit and rely on analytical chemistry, applied to studies aiming at further improving the test methods' analytical sensitivity, the assays' comprehensiveness, the interpretation of metabolic profiles and patterns, but also at facilitating the differentiation of natural/endogenous substances from structurally identical but synthetically derived compounds and comprehending the athlete's exposome. Further, a continuously growing number of advantages of complementary matrices such as dried blood spots have been identified and transferred from research to sports drug testing routine applications, with an overall gain of valuable additions to the anti‐doping field. In this edition of the annual banned‐substance review, literature on recent developments in anti‐doping published between October 2020 and September 2021 is summarized and discussed, particularly focusing on human doping controls and potential applications of new testing strategies to substances and methods of doping specified in the World Anti‐Doping Agency's 2021 Prohibited List.
Exogenous d‐β‐hydroxybutyrate lowers blood glucose in part by decreasing the availability of L‐alanine for gluconeogenesis
Authors: Soto‐Mota Adrian , Norwitz Nicholas G. , Evans Rhys D. , Clarke Kieran
Published: November 2021

Background

Interventions that induce ketosis simultaneously lower blood glucose and the explanation for this phenomenon is unknown. Additionally, the glucose‐lowering effect of acute ketosis is greater in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). On the contrary, L‐alanine is a gluconeogenic substrate secreted by skeletal muscle at higher levels in people with T2D and infusing of ketones lower circulating L‐alanine blood levels. In this study, we sought to determine whether supplementation with L‐alanine would attenuate the glucose‐lowering effect of exogenous ketosis using a ketone ester (KE).

Methods

This crossover study involved 10 healthy human volunteers who fasted for 24 h prior to the ingestion of 25 g of d‐β‐hydroxybutyrate (βHB) in the form of a KE drink (ΔG®) on two separate visits. During one of the visits, participants additionally ingested 2 g of L‐alanine to see whether L‐alanine supplementation would attenuate the glucose‐lowering effect of the KE drink. Blood L‐alanine, L‐glutamine, glucose, βHB, free fatty acids (FFA), lactate and C‐peptide were measured for 120 min after ingestion of the KE, with or without L‐alanine.

Findings

The KE drinks elevated blood βHB concentrations from negligible levels to 4.52 ± 1.23 mmol/L, lowered glucose from 4.97 ± SD 0.39 to 3.77 ± SD 0.40 mmol/L, and lowered and L‐alanine from 0.56 ± SD 0.88 to 0.41 ± SD 0.91 mmol/L. L‐alanine in the KE drink elevated blood L‐Alanine by 0.68 ± SD 0.15 mmol/L, but had no significant effect on blood βHB, L‐glutamine, FFA, lactate, nor C‐peptide concentrations. By contrast, L‐alanine supplementation significantly attenuated the ketosis‐induced drop in glucose from 28% ± SD 8% to 16% ± SD 7% (p < .01).

Conclusions

The glucose‐lowering effect of acutely elevated βHB is partially due to βHB decreasing L‐alanine availability as a substrate for gluconeogenesis.
Interconversion of tetrahedral [(M)4∩{Mg4(L1)6}]/[In4(L2)4] and cyclic [In6Cl6(L3)6]. Enantiotopization of diastereotopic protons monitored by means of VT 1H NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Bauer Walter , Maid Harald , Saalfrank Rolf W.
Published: November 2021

In this review we report on the enantiomerization of tetrahedral racemic‐[(NH4)4∩{Mg4(L1)6}] monitored by means of variable temperature (VT) 1H NMR spectroscopy. The enantiotopization of the diastereotopic protons is due to simultaneous Bailar twists at the four octahedrally coordinated magnesium centres, synchronized with atropisomerization of the six edge‐bridging ligands (L1)2‐.The VT 1H NMR spectrum of tetrahedral meso‐[In4(L2)4] is coined through the helicity of the four face‐centred tripodal hexadentate ligands (L2)3‐ and can, alike the 1H NMR of cyclic meso‐[In6Cl6(L3)6], be explained by the enantiotopization of the diastereotopic protons via mesomerization.
Traffic flow scheduling optimization of IoT network based on data analysis and knowledge mining
Authors: Zhu Zhengguo , Xie Jin
Published: November 2021

There are terminal devices with different processing rates and different types of communication networks in the Internet of Things. Most of the transmitted data have certain requirements for delay and bandwidth. How to ensure effective data transmission between communication devices in the Internet of Things, make the data flow on each link meet the requirements and prevent data overflow is of great significance to control the flow in the Internet of Things. In this paper, the traffic scheduling with multiple QoS constraints is converted as a multiple objective optimization. The mathematical model of multiple objective optimization is solved by a multiple objective particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain Pareto optimal solution. The experimental results on Mininet show that the proposed traffic scheduling is superior to previous ones.
The potential role of hsa_circ_0001079 in androgenetic alopecia via sponging hsa‐miR‐136‐5p
Authors: Wei Hanxiao , Xu Xiaoyu , Yang Shuai , Liu Chang , Li Qiang , Jin Peisheng
Published: November 2021

Background

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is an androgen‐dependent polygenic hereditary disease.

Methods

Diseased hair follicles from 5 AGA patients and normal hair follicles from 5 healthy individuals were selected as specimens to carry out whole transcriptome sequencing. Multiple high‐expression circular RNAs (circRNAs) were screened from the diseased group. We further verified the presence of the circRNAs in the clinical specimens by real‐time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT‐PCR).

Results

In total, 100 circRNAs were significantly upregulated, and 184 circRNAs were significantly downregulated. The top 10 upregulated circRNAs were hsa_circ_0101041, hsa_circ_0001578, hsa_circ_0135062, hsa_circ_0002980, hsa_circ_0005062, hsa_circ_0072688, hsa_circ_0133954, hsa_circ_0001079, hsa_circ_0005974, hsa_circ_0000489. The top 10 downregulated circRNAs were hsa_circ_0001278, hsa_circ_0031482, hsa_circ_0008285, hsa_circ_0003784, hsa_circ_0077096, hsa_circ_0001148, hsa_circ_0006886, hsa_circ_0000638, hsa_circ_0084521, and hsa_circ_0101074. Among top 10 upregulated circRNAs, hsa_circ_0001079 showed significantly high expression via large‐sample verification and clinical application potential. Based on a database comparison and base pairing analysis, we found that has‐miR‐136‐5p bound to hsa_circ_0001079 and that hsa‐miR‐136‐5p had potential binding sites with Wnt5A.

Conclusion

In summary, through high‐throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analysis, a potential diagnostic marker for alopecia and a key circRNA that might adsorb microRNA (miRNA) through a sponging mechanism, thus mediating alopecia, were discovered in this study.
Alexithymia disrupts emotion regulation processes and is associated with greater negative affect and alcohol problems
Authors: Linn Braden K. , Zhao Junru , Bradizza Clara M. , Lucke Joseph F. , Ruszczyk Melanie U. , Stasiewicz Paul R.
Published: November 2021

Objective

Alexithymia is common among people who abuse alcohol, yet the mechanisms by which alexithymia exerts its influence remain unclear. This analysis tested a model whereby the three subscales of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale exert an indirect effect on alcohol problems through difficulties with emotion regulation and psychological distress.

Method

Men and women (n = 141) seeking alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Scale, the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Short Inventory of Problems, and the Alcohol Dependence Scale.

Results

The Difficulty Identifying Feelings subscale of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale was positively associated with alcohol problems through emotion dysregulation and psychological distress. The other two subscales, Difficulty Describing Feelings and Externally oriented Thinking, were not associated with any other variables.

Conclusion

People with alexithymia may consume alcohol to help regulate undifferentiated states of emotional arousal. Given the prevalence of alexithymia among people who abuse alcohol, treatment supplements that enhance the identification of emotions are needed.
Assessing the acceptability, feasibility, and usefulness of a psychosocial screening tool to patients and clinicians in a clinical genetics service in Australia
Authors: Monohan Katrina , Purvis Rebecca , Sexton Adrienne , Kentwell Maira , Thet Monica , Stafford Lesley , Forrest Laura
Published: November 2021

Increasing demand for clinical genetic services may impact the resources and quality of genetic counseling, potentially impacting patient outcomes. Using a psychosocial screening tool may aid the provision of genetic counseling by reliably identifying patients’ psychosocial needs. The Genetic Psychosocial Risk Instrument (GPRI) is a validated genetic‐specific screening tool designed to identify psychological risk factors that predict distress in patients having genetic testing. This questionnaire‐based study investigated the perceived acceptability, feasibility, and usefulness of the GPRI in patients and clinicians in routine clinical genetic practice. From December 2018 to January 2019, 154 patients attending an Australian clinical genetic service were invited to complete a paper‐based survey that included the GPRI. The GPRI was scored and provided to the clinician for use in the appointment. In February 2019, clinicians completed an anonymous online survey regarding acceptability, feasibility, and usefulness of the GPRI. Descriptive statistics, chi‐squared, t tests, and regression analyses were used to analyze the patient data, and descriptive statistics were employed for clinician surveys. A total of 145 patients participated (94% response rate). The average GPRI score was 46.3 (95% CI 43.6—49.0) with 41% of patients meeting the 50‐point threshold indicating high risk for psychological distress. The GPRI was highly acceptable to patients, regardless of their level of psychosocial risk. Fourteen clinicians participated (54% response rate): 85% found the GPRI not too time consuming, and 86% believed it improved patient care by identifying patient needs. All were willing to use the GPRI routinely. The use of the GPRI is highly acceptable to patients and clinicians in this setting, assisting in identifying patients at risk for distress, prompting clinicians to address concerns, provide psychosocial support, and consider ongoing referral. As 41% of patients’ scores indicated a high risk of distress, the GPRI is an important tool for potentially enhancing overall patient outcomes.
Treatment outcomes and predictive factors in patients ≥70 years old with advanced ovarian cancer
Authors: Piedimonte Sabrina , Bernardini Marcus Q. , May Taymaa , Cybulska Paulina , Ferguson Sarah E. , Laframboise Stephane , Bouchard‐Fortier Geneviève , Avery Lisa , Hogen Liat
Published: November 2021

Objective

To evaluate treatment outcomes, survival, and predictive factors in patients ≥70 with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (AEOC).

Methods

A retrospective single institution cohort study of women ≥70 with Stage III–IV AEOC between 2010 and 2018. Patients had either primary cytoreductive surgery (PCS), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) with interval cytoreductive surgery (ICS), chemotherapy alone, or no treatment. Demographics, surgical outcome, complications, and survival outcome were compared between groups.

Results

Among 248 patients, 69 (27.7%) underwent PCS, 99 (39.9%) had ICS, 56 (22.5%) had chemotherapy alone. Twenty‐four (9.6%) remained untreated. Optimal cytoreduction (≤1 cm) was achieved in 72.4% of PCS and 77.8% of NACT/ICS (p = 0.34), without difference in grade ≥3 postoperative complications (15.9% vs. 9.1%, p = 0.37). Progression‐free survival (PFS) was 23.5 months in PCS and 15.0 months in ICS patients (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.4, p = 0.041). Patients in the surgical arms, PCS or ICS, had better 2‐year overall survival (OS) compared to chemotherapy alone (79%, 68%, 41%, respectively, HR: 3.58, p < 0.001). In a subgroup analysis, patients ≥80 had improved 2‐year OS when treated with NACT compared to PCS (82% vs. 57%) and a trend toward improved PFS. Age, stage, and CA‐125 were determinants of undergoing PCS.

Conclusion

In patients ≥70 with AEOC, surgery should not be deferred based on age alone. Fit, well selected patients ≥70 can benefit from PCS, while patients ≥80 might benefit from NACT over PCS.
How much time is enough? Sentinel lymph node mapping time depends on the radiotracer agent
Authors: Eckhoff Austin , Farrow Norma E. , Silvestri Caitlin , Stroobant Emily , Intenzo Charles , Leddy Margaret , Tyler Douglas S. , Berger Adam , Beasley Georgia M.
Published: November 2021

Background

In 2014, technetium‐99m tilmanocept (TcTM) replaced technetium‐99m sulfur colloid (TcSC) as the standard lymphoscintigraphy (LS) mapping agent in melanoma patients undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). The aim of this study was to examine differences in mapping time, intra‐operative identification of sentinel lymph node (SLN), and false negative rate (FNR) between patients who underwent SLNB with TcTM compared to TcSC.

Methods

Patients who underwent SLNB between 2010 and 2018 were retrospectively identified. Patient demographic, tumor, and imaging data was stratified by receipt of TcSC (n = 258) or TcTM (n = 133). Student's t test and χ2 test were used to compare characteristics and outcomes.

Results

Both cohorts were similar in demographic, primary tumor characteristics, and total number of SLN identified (TcTM 3.56 vs. TcSC 3.28, p = 0.244). TcTM was associated with significantly shorter LS mapping times (51.8 vs. 195.1 min, p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the number of patients with positive SLN (TcTM 11.3 vs. TcSC 17.4%, p = 0.109) and the FNR was similar between both groups (TcTM 25% vs. TcSC 22%).

Conclusion

TcTM was associated with significantly shorter LS mapping time while identifying similar numbers of SLN. Our results support further study to ensure similar FNR and oncologic outcomes between agents.