bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soviet Turkmenia through the eyes of the Soviet writer: language and translation
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Burtseva Alla O.
Published: December 2020

The Soviet project of national literature was strongly motivated by the government in the 1930s. The government was not the only client, as regional literary circles were also interested (Turkmen in particular). The question about the language of literature was actively discussed in the Turkmen press, in particular, the new language, new literature, translation, and the work of Soviet writers on Turkmen themes. The author uses the press, critical review, and a poem by G. A. Sannikov as particular examples of this topic. The poem was published in the almanac Ajding-Gjunler which was created for the 10th anniversary of Turkmenistan as a Soviet republic by the writers' “brigade”, which had to create poems, short stories, and sketches about “new Turkmenia”. I consider the press publications controversial in the matter of the “cleanness” of new Turkmen as well as the loanwords used. The review by R. Aliev strongly criticises the translations from the classic Turkmen literature. In his opinion, the translators do not understand the sound and the nuances of the language used in national poetry. Sannikov uses Turkmen words as a means to make the reader feel the sound and the shape of them, but does not explain the meaning, which leads to the conclusion that this was an attempt to construct zaum (more or less). We conclude that the movement of Russian and Turkmen language of ﬁction towards each other stalled and was substituted by mass translation owing to the background of the discussion about “cleanness”, negatively reviewed translations, and the speciﬁc usage of Turkmen elements in soviet poetry. We suggest that the project of language exchange was not successful.
A look at China and the formation of the doctrine of relations: distinctive features of the imperial and Soviet cultural policy of interaction
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernikova Larisa P.
Published: December 2020

When studying Russian-Chinese relations, many aspects are covered through the prism of state interests. The essay tells how knowledge of China and practical Oriental studies became important corrective elements of the foreign policy of the Russian Empire and later of Soviet Russia / USSR. Here a large role was played by people with professional oriental education, but there were few of these at all times; therefore, part of the information resource was also occupied by the testimony of publicists, scientists, travelers, whose names are quite well known, and we are rediscovering some of the names and achievements of lesser-known people. It can be said that the main information about Ching China (the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries) came to the Russian press thanks to writers and journalists. Of the most popular, we can recall the travel essays of Ivan A. Goncharov Frigate ‘Pallas', the novels of the writer Aleksei S. Novikov-Priboy, the stories of the traveler M. Shcherbakov and many others. For the period from the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to the turn of the twentieth and twenty-ﬁrst centuries a gigantic literature has been accumulated on the history of Russian-Chinese relations of diﬀerent historical epochs, which include memoirs, reports, reports of diplomats and reviewers, impressions of travelers, and a huge number of articles by journalists and reporters on China. In turn, all this information required the generalization, selection and analysis of specialist scientists, who began to create their work from the second half of the nineteenth century to the present day. At diﬀerent periods of their lives and activities, these people discovered eastern countries for themselves and generously shared knowledge with compatriots. Materials for the essay include archival research, Russian periodicals in China, and published works of oriental scholars, travel notes and memoirs.
Bosnian ethnic communities’ long-term foreign policy affiliations: from the Crimean War to Dayton
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Engelhardt Georgi N.
Published: December 2020

The essay treats the long-term patterns of Bosnia and Herzegovina's (BiH) constituent peoples' (Bošnjaks, Croats, and Serbs) foreign policy orientations as seen by Russian diplomats. Comparative analysis is based on the ﬁrst Russian study of the area, Bosnia, Herzegovina and Ancient Serbia (1859) by Alexander F. Gilferding, ﬁrst Russian Consul in Sarajevo, as well as on contemporary documents of the Archives of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation from 1995 to 1998. The object of this study is to investigate the descriptions of their Bosnian counter-parts from all three main ethnic groups in order to ﬁnd out long-term patterns and their evolution from the middle of the nineteenth to the early twenty-ﬁrst centuries. In both the middle of the nineteenth and at the dawn of the twenty-ﬁrst centuries, Russian diplomats reported on fundamental diﬀerences in the foreign policy orientations of BiH's Bošnjaks, Croats, and Serbs. Their Bosnian counterparts, regardless of their ethnic origin, almost unanimously stated that the Bošnjaks were looking towards Turkey, the Croats towards the West, and the Serbs towards Russia. These fundamental sympathies directly inﬂuenced Bosnian politicians' actions. For Russia, it meant that Republika Srpska's leaders were eager to use every possibility to cooperate with Moscow as well as the neartotal neglect of Russian propositions by Bošnjak and Croat leaders. Nevertheless, these long-term patterns have evolved over the last 150 years. Alexander Gilferding recorded the predominantly confessional identity of Bosnians. In the late 1990's however, Bosnians perceived themselves primarily ethnically, with the religious factor somewhat subordinated to ethnicity. Furthermore, there is a visible evolution of foreign policy orientation for Bosnian peoples: (a) the Bošnjaks, along with the habitual attraction to Turkey, are now drawn to the wider Arab world and the US, inasmuch as their support was crucial during the Bosnian War of 1992-1995 and for the maintenance of BiH's very existence; (b) the Croats no longer gravitate towards Vienna, but to Zagreb and Germany; and (c) the Serbs are drawn to pan-Serb interests, with a predominant orientation towards Serbia (FRY of the late 1990s), which has become more important than their still existing penchant for Russia. However, even such an evolution does not alter the fundamental differences between BiH's constituent peoples' aspirations that eﬀectively exclude any coherent and widely accepted foreign policy. Therefore, the Bosnian political scene is extremely sensitive towards tensions between the global centres to which its constituent peoples gravitate.
UAS "Strategi Internasional"
Authors: Wicaksono Veronica Putri
Published: December 2020

Globalisasi telah mengubah wajah perusahaan multinasional (MNC), karena perusahaan multinasional saat ini tidak hanya harus secara aktif mengelola Strategi Internasionalisasi kompetitif mereka, tetapi juga harus secara ketat berpartisipasi dalam perusahaan yang terkait dengan sistem tanggung jawab penuh perusahaan yang biasanya diidentifikasi sebagai bentuk tanggung jawab bagi praktek tanggung jawab sosial (CSR), tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan tertua mengacu pada perusahaan yang berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan sosial dengan menyediakan sumber daya keuangan dan manusia untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat tempat mereka beroperasi (Beddewela, 2019). Ada beberapa strategi untuk perusahaan multinasional dapat meraih kesuksesannya, dengan mengaplikasikan lima jenis strategi aliansi yaitu wholly owned subsidiary, join venture, licence agreement, subcontracting, and outsourcing (Pratono & Ratih).
Analisis Cara Kerja Perancangan E-Report Menggunakan Framework Codeigniter Untuk Laporan Keseharian Siswa
Authors: Kartree Victoria
Published: December 2020

This research aims to develop an electronic reporting application that helps schools manage and share student daily information at school with parents. Making it easier for student guardians to supervise their children at school. This is implemented using the applied methodology used in solving practical problems in the modern world. In its application, a web-based application was built that was designed using the MVC (Model View Controller) method which aims to group functions into a unit in accordance with their respective types such as data, display and controller so as not to be scattered. Which is implemented with the Codeigniter framework which has very good documentation, small files, good performance and easy to integrate. So as to produce a Website-based E-report system using the MVC Method that can provide services in managing data such as adding, viewing, editing, and deleting data about the daily lives of students in schools stored in the database.
Cemetery as an Opportunity for Learning outside the Classroom
Authors: Miyane Sunmi
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we present an empirical study with the research purpose to determine the opinions of future teachers on experiential learning outside the classroom in the cemetery. We define experiential learning as learning that combines a person’s sensory and emotional experience, thinking, analysis and action into a whole. When planning learning activities of experiential learning outside the classroom, it is necessary to focus on a place that can contribute significantly to a richer learning experience. One of the possible places could be a cemetery. The research sample included 65 students from the last academic year studying primary education at the Faculty of Education of the University of Maribor in Slovenia. The research was conducted in March 2020. The results showed that students associate the word “cemetery” with death, candle, grave and funeral. However, the phrase “teaching at the cemetery” is considered innovative and inappropriate. Most students have no personal experience of teaching in cemeteries. The answers to the question about the appropriateness of teaching at the cemetery are equally divided. Social studies are considered the most appropriate subject for teaching at the cemetery, and sports is the least appropriate. The students also feel that they are not qualified enough to teach outside the classroom.
Strategi Inovatif Gaya Guru Sukses dalam Dunia Pendidikan
Authors: Zulhafizh
Published: December 2020

Hadirnya buku ini memiliki catatan yang panjang. Buku ini semacam rangkuman refleksi guru selama dan ketika menjalankan tugas kependidikannya. Ada banyak catatan yang diperoleh penulis dalam melakukan penelusuran sehingga informasi tersebut dituangkan dalam sebuah buku yang ada bersama Anda. Buku ini terdiri dari dua puluh bab. Isinya membeberkan strategi inovatif yang dilakukan guru untuk mensukseskan penyelenggaraan pendidikan. Guru yang inovatif berupaya melakukan langkah kreatif dalam menjalankan tugasnya. Langkah-langkah ini dirangkum dalam bab sepuluh hingga bab delapan belas. Kesembilan bab tersebut memberikan penjelasan tentang cara guru di satuan pendidikan menguasai informasi, membangun dan membina kepribadian, berpikir produktif, melakukan manajerial dalam menjalankan tugas, pemberdayaan teknologi, pemahaman dan realisasi kurikulum, pelaksanaan pembelajaran, melakukan rekayasa media pembelajaran, dan penataan tugas. Strategi yang dilakukan guru tersebut sebagai tindakan inovatif untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas pendidikan. Dalam sudut pandang yang singkat, pendidikan dikatakan sukses apabila tujuan-tujuannya dapat dicapai dengan baik dan efektif. Bagi guru sangat penting memikirkan dan mempertimbangkan berbagai target tujuan tersebut. Bab-bab lain merupakan penjelasan tambahan yang dapat membantu pembaca dalam memahami persoalan inovasi pendidikan. Rangkuman ini sebagai bentuk inovasi pendidikan yang diselenggarakan di satuan pendidikan tingkat menengah atas dan sederajat. Bagi seorang guru perlu didorong untuk melakukan berbagai terobosan membangun peradapan pendidikan. Oleh karena itu, guru diharapkan dapat berinovasi dengan baik agar penyelenggaran pendidikan semakin baik dan berkualitas.
Assessment of Productivity and Profitability through Scientific Forest Management in Sal (Shorea robusta) Forest of Nepal: A Case Study from Patela Community Forest, Kailali District, Nepal
Authors: Gotame Pabitra , K.C. Yam Bahadur , Awasthi Nripesh
Published: December 2020

Scientific forest management (SciFM) ensures improved productivity and healthy forests that are crucial for the economic development and prosperity of forest-dependent country like Nepal. This study analyzes the effects of the silvicultural intervention on the regeneration of Sal (Shorea robusta), plant species diversity, and income through the flow of forest products in the Patela Community Forest in Kailali District of Nepal, where Sal (S. robusta) forest has been managed under an Irregular Shelterwood System with 80 years of the rotation period since fiscal year 2017/18. The vegetation sampling was done by the quadrat method based on the principle of stratified random sampling from the managed and unmanaged parts of the forest. The climate based site productivity was analyzed. The profitability of scientific forest management was analyzed by income and cost incurred in managing the forest. The study revealed the promising regeneration of S. robusta in the managed areas compared to the unmanaged area. The silvicultural intervention had a significant negative effect on plant diversity showing an increase in the concentration of dominance of S. robusta. An implementation of SciFM plan generated a total net benefit of 187,000 US$ in the last 2017/18, and 2018/19 fiscal years. This study recommends existing natural forests to be managed based on sound silvicultural principles to improve the degrading nature of the productive forest that can generate revenue for the country and opportunity for community development.
An Assessment of Forest Structure, Regeneration Status and the Impact of Human Disturbance in Panchase Protected Forest, Nepal
Authors: Chikanbanjar Roshan , Baniya Binod , Dhamala Man Kumar
Published: December 2020

Vegetation study is crucial for the biophysical environment and ecosystem balance. Both qualitative and quantitative assessments of the vegetation can give complete picture of the forest ecosystem. In this study, quantitative characteristics of Panchase Protected Forest in Kaski district were analyzed. The study was focused on the structural characteristics of forest stand, its regeneration pattern along altitudinal gradients, and human impacts on vegetation structure. Density, basal area, frequency, and Importance Value Index (IVI) were used to assess the structural characteristics of forest; Density-Diameter (DD) curve and seedling/sapling/tree density relation were used to assess the regeneration status. Counting the number of lopping and cut stumps and quantifying fuelwood consumption pattern of the village were used to assess human disturbance. The vegetation survey showed 21, 17 and 14 species of trees, saplings, and seedlings, respectively. Daphniphyllum himalense was the most dominant species followed by Quercus lamellosa. DD curve showed reverse J-shaped structure indicating sustainable regeneration. Daphniphyllum himalense and Alnus nepalensis were major species of trees consumed as fuelwood and average annual fuelwood consumption was 2083.79 tons. Density of lopped trees and cut stump was in decreasing trend along with elevation. Species richness was higher in moderately disturbed sites. This study has significant implications for protected forest management and biodiversity conservation in Nepal.
Breeding seasonality of Chital (Axis axis) in the Hetauda Valley of Nepal
Authors: Bhusal Arjun , Neupane Bijay , Bhattarai Sanjeeb , Kapali Aashish , Bhatta Suraj , Bajagain Santosh
Published: December 2020

Breeding seasonality of Axis axis differs from place to place mainly due to the difference in vegetation and climate. In Nepal, although Chital is found all over the lower Terai region, studies on breeding seasonality are limited. In this study, we observed the annual cycle of antler renewal and casting, monthly changes in frequency of bellowing call and ratio of new born fawn to adult and sub-adult females from October 2016 to March 2019. Seasonal peak of proportion of hard-antlered males was found in June and seasonal peak of bellowing call frequency was found in May. Seasonal peak of fawning occurred in December, January and February, at the beginning of dry season before monsoon, probably to coincide with the energy demanding late lactation season with excessive food available in rainy season. From antler cycle, bellowing call frequency and fawning frequency data, peak breeding season was identified as May-June. This information can be crucial in nutritional management, herd composition, and translocation period determination for in-situ and ex-situ species management programs.
The Making of a Company Colony: The Fur Trade War, the Colonial Office, and the Metamorphosis of the Hudson’s Bay Company
Authors: Bradford Tolly , Connors Rich
Published: December 2020

This article argues that between 1810 and 1816 the Hudson’s Bay Company (hbc) underwent a managerial metamorphosis: where it had previously and then only timidly claimed economic privileges and authority in North America, after this period the company’s directors in London began staking claim to authority over legal, political, and even humanitarian affairs in the area covered by its charter, Rupert’s Land. Building on arguments that have been used to theorize the East India Company, this article concludes that in making these claims the hbc became what might be called a company colony, seeking to act as both a private business and a colonial government endowed with the power of the British state. In presenting this new interpretation of the hbc’s early nineteenth-century experiences, we challenge the persistent historiographical depiction of the hbc as a business-first organization operating outside the traditional patterns of the so-called Second British Empire, thereby offering a new way of understanding both the hbc and other British chartered trading companies during the nineteenth century.
La mémoire collective du Parti apriste péruvien comme outil de cohésion politique interne, 1931-1959
Authors: Geneviève Dorais par
Published: December 2020

Cet article s’intéresse à la mémoire collective du Parti apriste péruvien (PAP) comme outil de cohésion interne et d’instrumentation idéologique. Il démontre comment la direction du parti sut déployer, et constamment réinventer, une mémoire collective de groupe de façon à maintenir l’unité au sein des rangs apristes entre les années 1930 et 1950. Cet article conçoit la mémoire apriste comme un ensemble de caractéristiques physiques et morales que la direction du parti transmit aux partisans du groupe avec le soutien de marqueurs symboliques. Cette stratégie permit à la direction d’ancrer dans une notion de continuité les nombreux changements idéologiques qui pourtant sous-tendirent l’évolution de ce mouvement populiste au Pérou.
CLINICAL PHENOMENOLOGY OF DEPRESSIVE BEHAVIOR DISORDER IN ADOLESCENTS: DIAGNOSIS, THERAPY, PREVENTION
Authors: Iemiliia Mykhailova
Published: December 2020

The informativeness of behavioral patterns of depressive behavior disorder in adolescents in the age and gender aspect is determined. It is proved that many variants of behavioral disorders in adolescents with depressive disorders indicate the complex nature of relationships formation of behavioral disorders presence, which is the practical value for the development of specific preventive therapeutic programs.
PLOTTING A DIAGRAM OF NATURAL GAS INTERCHANGEABILITY FOR THE ENERGY MARKET OF GEORGIA
Authors: Namgaladze Dimitri , Kiziria Tornike , Shatakishvili Lena , Ghvanidze Tamaz
Published: December 2020

The increase in the cost of energy and the appearance of gases of various qualities led to the fact that calculations in the gas industry began to be made by measuring thermal energy.  To this day, in Georgia, the calculation of the amount of natural gas when paying for the used gas is in cubic meters.  As for the study of processes and parameters in the Georgian gas sector, it turned out that these processes are clearly stochastic.  Therefore, the purpose of the work is to develop criteria for the interchangeability of natural gas, in particular, a diagram of the interaction between the Wobbe index in total proportions of propane and nitrogen equivalent for the Georgian gas market, based on stochastic processes.  Thus, for the first time, an original methodology for plotting the Wobbe Index (calorific value) of interchangeable natural gases supplied to Georgia was developed.
OPTIMAL CONTROL OF THE TRACTOR MOVEMENT
Authors:   L. Pogorilуy UkrNDIPVT, Kharkiv branch, Kalinin E. , Myasushka M.
Published: December 2020

Goal of the study. Assessment of the possibility of optimizing tractor control by methods of automatic search for the optimum point. To achieve this goal, you must complete the following tasks: – to analyze the operating conditions of the tractor unit with the determination of the force factors affecting its operating conditions; – to develop a scheme and algorithm for the operation of the extreme regulator and analyze its functioning. Research methods. Analytical studies are based on methods of optimization of power factors acting on a tractor. The results of the study. An automatic regulator is considered, which provides an optimal ratio of the engine speed and the transmission gear ratio for each speed. The logic device generates a signal to change the power train ratio. The required travel speed of the tractor unit is set by the operator using the speed regulator. Changing the gear ratio changes the speed of the tractor. The signal of the deviation of the speed of movement, after amplification, provides an effect on the fuel supply and, by changing the revolutions of the crankshaft of the engine, brings the actual speed of the tractor to the set one. In the control system, the measurement of the amount of fuel consumed by the engine is carried out by a flow meter, and the measurement is carried out at certain intervals, and the current value is compared with the previous one. Reducing fuel consumption means that the influence on the change in gear ratio has been chosen in the right direction. Conclusions. The paper proposes a self-adjusting system. In a theoretical study of the possibility of optimal control of the tractor movement, equations are determined that are easily solved by the graphical analytical method. The graphical plotting determines the time the system reaches the optimal mode. The considered example of regulation of the power drive and the tractor engine does not exhaust the scope of application of self-adjusting systems. The operating modes of a number of units, as well as some interrelationships of design parameters, have static characteristics that ensure widespread use of these systems.
Simulation of a grain harvester threshing drum resource
Authors:   South-Ukrainian branch of L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT, Podolsky M. , Lilevman I. , Lilevman О.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. A significant part of agricultural machinery has a seasonal nature of operation, when sudden failures are extremely undesirable. Proceeding from this, modeling the real operating conditions of bearings in design calculations is relevant, and the novelty of solving the problem lies in the use of modern target computer-aided design programs for this. Research goal. Theoretical determination of the service life of agricultural machinery bearings using targeted computer software, taking into account the real conditions of their operation. Making recommendations of a structural nature to eliminate factors that accelerate bearing wear and increase reliability. Methods. Mathematical modeling of the operating conditions of the bearings of the threshing drum of a combine harvester using the target software. Results. The article presents the main reasons for the premature failure of the bearing units of agricultural machinery, considers the types of methods used to calculate and simulate the operating conditions of rolling bearings, taking into account the specifics of machines and mechanisms in which they are used. On the example of the threshing apparatus of a combine harvester, an evaluation characteristic of the adaptation of the existing computer software applications for the calculation of bearings to the operating conditions of agricultural machinery has been carried out. The most reliable software application was selected, which takes into account the maximum number of factors influencing the service life of the bearing assemblies. The reason for the discrepancy between the values of the calculated and actual service life of the bearing assemblies of the threshing drum of a grain harvester is determined, which is due to the still unaccounted temperature deformation factor (drum shaft elongation), which leads to the disappearance of the thermal gap between the rings and rolling elements of the bearings decrease in the efficiency of the nodal seals. Conclusions. 1. The established dependence of the influence of the change and the difference in temperature of the constituent elements of the threshing apparatus unit on the durability of the bearings. It was found that when the difference between the temperatures of the bearing housings and the threshing drum shaft is more than 20 ° C, the thermal gap between its rings and the rolling elements disappears due to the thermal elongation of the drum shaft, which leads to the opening of the seal joints, and therefore to a decrease bearing life. A structural solution is proposed for the modernization of bearing assemblies, which achieves the leveling of the negative impact of thermal elongation of the shaft with minimized interventions in the base structure and associated material costs. A similar solution can be used in most agricultural machinery mechanisms, where, due to low rigidity or for other reasons, it is impossible to have a stable mutual arrangement of components rotating on bearings.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Wang Yutang , Nguyen Dinh Tam , Anesi Jack , Steicke Michelle , Wang Yutang
Published: December 2020

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory condition around the teeth which affects 20-50% of the worldwide
population. In periodontal disease, the bacterial plaque destroys the epithelium of the periodontal pocket
and breaks the barrier that separates the tissue and the circulation, allowing oral bacteria and their endotoxins
and exotoxins to enter the bloodstream. This can cause health problems, such as atherosclerosis.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is commonly found in patients with periodontitis and the
number of Aa is associated with atherosclerotic lesion size in humans. This review focuses on Aa and
atherosclerosis with an emphasis on the interaction of Aa with cell types involved in atherosclerosis
formation.
TOOLS FOR CREATING A RATING IN A REVIEW (FOR EXAMPLE, A REVIEW OF THE FILM " GREEN BOOK»)
Authors: Bukina T.
Published: December 2020

The article considers the language genre-forming means of review as a research and news genre. It is noted that the review is one of the most complex genres, since it does not have strict genre-forming features. However, the review is always recognizable, because it is a secondary, derived text in relation to the work of art. The leading role in this text is played by the evaluation of this work. The score can be created by various means. In the review of the film "Green book", the dominant means of creating an assessment the irony is based on contrast. At the same time, using irony and a kind of banter, the author positively evaluates the analyzed film
RESULTS OF THE STUDY OF MICROPOLUTION POLLUTION OF THE NALCHIK RIVER
Authors:   FGBU «High-mountain geophysical institute», Zhinzhakova L. , Cherednik E. ,   FGBU «High-mountain geophysical institute»
Published: December 2020

Purpose - monitoring the waters of the river. Nalchik and its tributaries, where persistent pollutants have been identified. Hydrochemical indicators of the composition, quality and suitability of waters for various purposes have been obtained, an increase in the concentration of heavy metals in the summer period has been revealed, which is determined by the conditions of interaction of rocks with melt and river waters. A comparative analysis established a decrease in the concentration of polluting components in the waters of the Nalchik River in comparison with previous years.
DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL QUALITY OF YOUNG FOOTBALLERS BY APPLICATION COMPLEX OF PRACTICAL METHODS
Authors: Arbuzov V.
Published: December 2020

A set of practical methods aimed at developing the physical qualities of young football players has been developed. The complex included the game method, the uniform method, the repeated method, and the circular training method, which has a dominant component. The distribution of the load volume and the duration of individual phases of the complex were determined by the training cycle period and its stages. This complex can be used by coaches and teachers for young football players in the 4th year of training.
A system of methodological coordinates for a historiographer of medieval philosophy: a proposal of an explanatory tool
Authors:   Evangelische Theologische Faculteit (Leuven, Belgium), Tkachenko Rostislav
Published: December 2020

The last thirty years of scholarship in western medieval philosophical historiography have seen a number of reflections on the methodological paradigms, schools, trends, and dominant approaches in the field. As a contribution to this ongoing assessment of the existing methods of studies in medieval philosophy and theology and a supplement to classifications offered by M. Colish, J. Inglis, C. König-Pralong, J. Marenbon, A. de Libera, and others, the article offers another explanatory tool. Here is a description of an imaginary system of methodological coordinates that systematizes the current tendencies by placing them in a three-dimensional system of axes. Every axis corresponds to a certain aspect of the historical and systematic research in medieval thought and symbolizes a possible movement between two extremes representing opposite methodological values and directions. The methods and approaches practiced in recent studies in medieval philosophy and theology might be schematically located inside this general system of argumentational, focal (or objectival), and (con)textual axes with their intersection identified with what some scholars call the “integral” model of study. This explanatory tool allows one to see how current approaches and methods form a panoply of axes that belong together in one complex grid and helps to visualize the tapestry of existing approaches in medieval philosophical historiography.
History and Psychology (1932)
Authors: Horkheimer Max
Published: December 2020

The first Ukrainian translation of Max Horkheimer's article "History and Psychology" (Geschichte und Psychologie, 1932), made by Vitaly Bryzhnik under the scientific and literary editorship of Ivan Ivashchenko.
Spinoza in the focus of national traditions. Stetter, J., & Ramond, C. (Eds.). (2019). Spinoza in 21st-century American and French philosophy: metaphysics, philosophy of mind, moral and political philosophy. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Authors:   Vinnytsia National Technical University, Ukraine, Khoma Oleg
Published: December 2020

Review of Stetter, J., & Ramond, C. (Eds.). (2019). Spinoza in 21st-century American and French philosophy: metaphysics, philosophy of mind, moral and political philosophy. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Studi Partisipasi Masyarakat dan Pemerintah dalam Mengurangi Resiko Bencana Abrasi di Wilayah Pesisir Pantai Nggelu Kabupaten Bima
Authors: Fifiarna Fifiarna , Sukuryadi Sukuryadi , Rochayati Nurin
Published: December 2020

Abstract: Community participation to reduce and avoid the risk of disasters is important by increasing public awareness and capacity. This study aims to describe the participation of communities and governments on the coast in reducing the risk of disaster in Lambu District, Bima Regency. The method used in this research is qualitative research method. The method of determining informants, the way of determining informants in this study is by purposive sampling. Data collection method is done through observation, interview and documentation. Data analysis used is data reduction, data presentation and data verification. The result of the research, namely (a) mangrove tree planting and greening around the beach is one of the efforts of the Local Government in NTB, especially in Nggelu Village (b) legal counseling to the people of Nggelu Village, providing knowledge to local fishermen about the legislation related to marine and fishery. The advice in the research is that the coastal communities of Nggelu Village to better maintain the coastal environment by not littering and maintaining the sustainability of mangrove forests and not cutting them down.Abstrak: Partisipasi masyarakat untuk mengurangi dan menghindari resiko bencana penting dilakukan dengan cara meningkatkan kesadaran dan kapasitas masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan partisipasi masyarakat dan pemerintah di pesisir dalam mengurangi resiko bencana di Kecamatan Lambu Kabupaten Bima. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian  kualitatif. Metode penentuan informan, cara penentuan informan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan purposive sampling. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian yaitu (a) penanaman pohon mangrove dan penghijauan di sekitar pantai merupakan salah satu upaya Pemerintah Daerah di NTB khususnya yang terjadi di Desa Nggelu (b) penyuluhan hukum terhadap masyarakat Desa Nggelu, memberikan pengetahuan terhadap para nelayan setempat tentang peraturan perundang-undagan yang berkaitan dengan kelautan dan perikanan. Adapun saran dalam penelitian yaitu masyarakat wilayah pesisir pantai Desa Nggelu agar lebih menjaga lingkungan pesisir dengan tidak membuang sampah sembarangan dan menjaga kelestarian hutan bakau (mangrove) degan tidak menebangnya.
Histological criteria for “intraepithelial squamous cell carcinoma” of the esophagus: continued dialogue between Ukrainian and Japanese pathologists
Authors: Shcherbynina M. , Itabashi M. , Soloviova N.
Published: December 2020

Summary. Background: Patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have a poor prognosis mostly due to the late diagnosis. A morphological method is still the main diagnostic method for SCC. The aim of the study was to find out which histological criteria, namely Western or Japanese criteria, for early stage SCC are used by pathologists in Ukraine as compared with their Japanese colleagues. Methods: 14 Ukrainian and 6 Japanese pathologists have participated in this study. Virtual slides for research were provided by National Cancer Research Center (Tokyo, Japan) in 2018. Each of the pathologists has used these slides and presented the conclusion via the Internet. Results: Essential diagnostic discrepancies were revealed: a number of biopsy specimens was diagnosed by Japanese pathologists as “noninvasive carcinoma”, while Ukrainian pathologists classified the specimens as high-grade or low-grade dysplasia, indefinite for neoplasia, or reactive/regenerative lesions. Conclusion: The adoption of a unified concept of criteria for non-invasive (intraepithelial) carcinoma underlies early endoscopic/surgical treatment, which significantly increases the survival rate of patients with SCC. A solid common approach to the diagnosis between Western and Japanese pathologists, as well as endoscopists, is necessary to ensure timely treatment and increase survival rate of patients with SCC.
Survey on Banking System using Block Chain Technology
Authors: Yadav Durgesh Rajkumar , Ghule Gaokarna Subhanrao , Shinde Snehal Suhas
Published: December 2020

Increasing digital technology has revolutionized the life of people. The banking system in today’s world is open to threats of fraud and cyber-attacks. Since todays banking system is built on centralized databases, it is easy for an attacker to penetrate in any such database which will easily compromise all the information and data of the customers of the bank. This vulnerability of today’s banking system can be reduced by re-building the banking systems on top of block chain technology, which will remove the centralized database architecture and decentralize the data over the block chain, thus reducing the threat of database being hacked. Since the transactions over the block chain technology is verified by each and every nodes of the chain, it will make the transactions more secure thus making the overall banking system faster and secure.
Survey on Asymmetric Key Cryptographic Algorithms
Authors: S Sabitha , V Nair Binitha
Published: December 2020

Cryptography is an essential and effective method for securing information’s and data. Several symmetric and asymmetric key cryptographic algorithms are used for securing the data. Symmetric key cryptography uses the same key for both encryption and decryption. Asymmetric Key Cryptography also known as public key cryptography uses two different keys – a public key and a private key. The public key is used for encryption and the private key is used for decryption. In this paper, certain asymmetric key algorithms such as RSA, Rabin, Diffie-Hellman, ElGamal and Elliptical curve cryptosystem, their security aspects and the processes involved in design and implementation of these algorithms are examined.
An Approach for improving the Prediction of Chronic Kidney Disease using Machine learning
Authors: Sharma Pooja , Swarndeep Saket J
Published: December 2020

According the 2010 global burden of disease study, Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD) was ranked 18th in the list of causes of total no. of deaths worldwide. 10% of the population worldwide is affected by CKD. The prediction of CKD can become a boon for the population to predict the health. Various method and techniques are undergoing the research phase for developing the most accurate CKD prediction system. Using Machine learning techniques is the most promising one in this area due to its computing function and Machine learning rules. Existing Systems are working well in predicting the accurate result but still more attributes of data and complicity of health parameter make the root layer for the innovation of new approaches. This study focuses on a novel approach for improving the prediction of CKD. In our proposed system we will implement the deep learning algorithms like Deep Neural Network. Chronic kidney disease detection system using deep network is shown here. This system of deep network accepts disease-symptoms as input and it is trained according to various training algorithms. After the network is trained, this trained network system is used for detection of kidney disease in the human body.
Verificación funcional de detectores de radiación tipo Geiger-Müller en medicina nuclear y radiofarmacia del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología: una propuesta para el aseguramiento de la calidad de equipos de protección radiológica
Authors: Barbosa Nathaly , Sandoval Lorena , Quimbayo Juan Sebastián , Cely Xiomara , Londoño Ángela
Published: December 2020

Basado en la implementación del plan de aseguramiento de la calidad, el objetivo principal de este estudio es realizar el seguimiento y análisis de las verificaciones funcionales realizadas a los equipos detectores de radiación ionizante del Servicio de Medicina Nuclear y del Servicio de Radiofarmacia del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología E. S. E. (INC). Los equipos de estudio fueron dieciséis detectores tipo Geiger-Müller, fijos y portátiles, con fuentes certificadas selladas tipo gotero y planas para la recolección de mediciones realizadas por un periodo de tres años. Como resultado, se encontraron comportamientos variables siempre en el rango del 20 % del error porcentual existentes entre el valor medido y el valor de referencia de cada equipo. El estudio permite concluir que los detectores muestran un comportamiento esperado dentro de la reproducibilidad propia del detector y las desviaciones propias de los diferentes operadores; sin embargo, y con el fin de minimizar las variaciones, es imprescindible contar con un programa de aseguramiento de la calidad de los equipos detectores de radiación que vele por la idoneidad de las medidas realizadas.
Absorbed dose to water standard for 192Ir HDR sources using Fricke Dosimetry
Authors: De Almeida Carlos Eduardo , Salata Camila
Published: December 2020

The Fricke solution is a chemical dosimeter that is based on the oxidation of ferrous ions to ferric ions in the solution after interaction with ionizing radiation. It is composed of 96% water (by weight), and its density is thus remarkably similar to that of water. In addition, studies show that the Fricke dosimeter can be used as a primary dosimeter in the determination of the absorbed dose to water for high dose rate (HDR) 192Ir brachytherapy. The Radiological Sciences Laboratory of the University of Rio de Janeiro State (LCR/UERJ) has been investigating the use of the Fricke dosimeter in various applications for more than ten years, particularly in the area of radiotherapy. This review paper presents important improvements in recent years by the LCR/UERJ in the determination of the absorbed dose to water for 192Ir sources. This includes a newly designed irradiation vessel, a new reading device, a description of the need for careful temperature control during irradiation and reading, a more accurate calculation of the correction factors and the results of an intercomparison with the National Calibration Laboratory of Canada. Careful preparation of the Fricke solution is one of the most critical steps in the process. Over the years, the LCR/UERJ has tested different methods of preparing the solution and the final procedure is presented. Regarding the irradiation vessel, a molded double-walled, spherical flask for the Fricke solution was first constructed and used to measure the absorbed dose to water. However, as it was difficult to manipulate the spherical flask, a second design also made with PMMA was molded as a cylinder, with a central tube where the source was centrally positioned. Different methodologies have been reported in the determination of the G-value, a key parameter in Fricke dosimetry, and herein, two different methodologies used by the LCR are reviewed. For the absorbed-dose-to-water determination for 192Ir sources, the overall combined uncertainty associated with the measurements is estimated to be less than 1% for k = 1. Thus, the obtained uncertainties for the determination of the absorbed dose to water using Fricke dosimetry are lower than those obtained using the standard protocols. With respect to clinical practice, this could improve the accuracy in the calculation of the dose delivered to the patients. Overall, the results show that Fricke dosimetry is a reliable system to measure absorbed dose to water as a standard for HDR 192Ir.
Analisi mineralogica del campione di sabbia dell’Areal Morro Branco di Porto Grande – AP
Authors: Andrade Alexsandrea Ricarda Pinheiro , Pereira Iara Rafaelle Silva , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos , Fecury Amanda Alves , Dendasck Carla Viana , Dantas Antônio de Pádua Arlindo
Published: December 2020

Il comune di Porto Grande è stato creato il 1o maggio 1992 e si trova nella regione settentrionale dello stato di Amapá, con un’area di 4 400 km². L’obiettivo di questo lavoro è quello di eseguire l’analisi semiquantitativa di un campione di sabbia di Areal situato nel comune di Porto Grande, il campione raccolto ha attraversato alcuni passaggi fondamentali come: essiccazione, determinazione dell’umidità, determinazione delle frazioni di argilla, limo e sabbia, omogeneizzazione, quarteamento e analisi delle dimensioni delle particelle. Nella determinazione dell’umidità abbiamo ottenuto la percentuale del 2,4%, e questa era la differenza tra la massa umida e la massa secca del nostro campione P1, dopo il processo di setacciatura, la percentuale del materiale trattenuto in ogni setaccio è stata calcolata per analizzare le prestazioni del nostro setaccio e infine è stata eseguita la determinazione delle frazioni di argilla, che aveva come peso 0,17 g , limo del peso di 24,83 g e sabbia del peso di 275 g. Tuttavia, al termine delle prove possiamo osservare un’anomalia nei risultati dell’analisi granulometrica, dovuta al fatto che il setaccio in questione sarebbe umido, impedendo così il passaggio dell’intero materiale granulometrico fine.
Analyse minéralogique d’un échantillon de sable de Areal Morro Branco à Porto Grande – AP
Authors: Andrade Alexsandrea Ricarda Pinheiro , Pereira Iara Rafaelle Silva , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos , Fecury Amanda Alves , Dendasck Carla Viana , Dantas Antônio de Pádua Arlindo
Published: December 2020

La municipalité de Porto Grande a été créée le 1er mai 1992 et est située dans la région nord de l’État d’Amapá, avec une superficie de 4 400 km². L’objectif de ces travaux est d’effectuer l’analyse semi-quantitative d’un échantillon de sable d’Areal situé dans la municipalité de Porto Grande, l’échantillon prélevé est passé par quelques étapes fondamentales telles que : séchage, détermination de l’humidité, détermination des fractions d’argile, de limon et de sable, homogénéisation, quarteamento et analyse de la taille des particules. Dans la détermination de l’humidité, nous avons obtenu le pourcentage de 2,4%, et c’était la différence entre la masse humide et la masse sèche de notre échantillon P1, après le processus de tamisage, le pourcentage du matériau retenu dans chaque tamis a été calculé pour analyser la performance de notre tamisage et enfin la détermination des fractions d’argile a été effectuée, qui avait comme poids 0,17 g , limon pesant 24,83 g et sable pesant 275 g. Cependant, à la fin des essais, nous pouvons observer une anomalie dans les résultats de l’analyse de la taille des particules, en raison du fait que le tamis en question serait humide, empêchant ainsi l’ensemble du matériau de granulométrie fine de passer.
Conflict Analysis of PT Emas Mineral Murni in Nagan Raya and Central Aceh Regency
Authors: Putra Dharma Kelana , Astuti Wahyu Wiji , Assalam Muhammad Hafidz
Published: December 2020

This research describes how the mining conflicts in Nagan Raya and Central Aceh Regency between the local community and PT Emas Mineral Murni (PT EMM). This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a literature study as a data collection technique by searching literature through online news pages on the internet using the search keyword “Aceh Conflict PT EMM”. Content analysis uses Occam’s razor logical principle to read and interpret data to explain a complete picture of the conflict situation without involving unnecessary assumptions. This research found many stakeholders involved in the conflict aside from the local community and PT EMM. Besides, the conflict is focused not only on competition to seize natural resources but also on overlapping legal authority. Low interaction between stakeholders causes conflict to grow and develop. The conflict’s final result is a resolution in the form of a petition signed by the Acting Governor. He stated that he would sue PT EMM with a guarantee of resigning from the position if he cannot realize Acehnese students’ aspirations.