bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sampling and collecting foliage elements for the determination of the foliar nutrients in ICOS ecosystem stations
Authors: Loustau Denis , Altimir Nuria , Barbaste Mireille , Gielen Bert , Jiménez Sara Marańón , Klumpp Katja , Linder Sune , Matteucci Giorgio , Merbold Lutz , de Beek Marteen Op , Soulé Patrice , Thimonier Anne , Vincke Caroline , Waldner Peter
Published: December 2018

The nutritional status of plant canopies in terms of nutrients (C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn) exerts a strong influence on the carbon cycle and energy balance of terrestrial ecosystems. Therefore, in order to account for the spatial and temporal variations in nutritional status of the plant species composing the canopy, we detail the methodology applied to achieve consistent time-series of leaf mass to area ratio and nutrient content of the foliage within the footprint of the Integrated Carbon Observation System Ecosystem stations. The guidelines and defi-nitions apply to most terrestrial ecosystems.
Radiation measurements at ICOS ecosystem stations
Authors: Carrara Arnaud , Kolari Pasi , de Beeck Maarten Op , Arriga Nicola , Berveiller Daniel , Dengel Sigrid , Ibrom Andreas , Merbold Lutz , Rebmann Corinna , Sabbatini Simone , Serrano-Ortíz Penelope , Biraud Sébastien C.
Published: December 2018

Solar radiation is a key driver of energy and carbon fluxes in natural ecosystems. Radiation measurements are essential for interpreting ecosystem scale greenhouse gases and energy fluxes as well as many other observations performed at ecosystem stations of the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS). We describe and explain the relevance of the radiation variables that are monitored continuously at ICOS ecosystem stations and define recommendations to perform these measurements with consistent and comparable accuracy. The measurement methodology and instruments are described including detailed technical specifications. Guidelines for instrumental set up as well as for operation, maintenance and data collection are defined considering both ICOS scientific objectives and practical operational constraints. For measurements of short-wave (solar) and long wave (infrared) radiation components, requirements for the ICOS network are based on available well-defined state-of-the art standards (World Meteorological Organization, International Organization for Standardization). For photosynthetically active radiation measurements, some basic instrumental requirements are based on the performance of commercially available sensors. Since site specific conditions and practical constraints at individual ICOS ecosystem stations may hamper the applicability of standard requirements, we recommend that ICOS develops mid-term coordinated actions to assess the effective level of uncertainties in radiation measurements at the network scale.
Emotionally Aversive Cues Suppress Neural Systems Underlying Optimal Learning in Socially Anxious Individuals
Authors: Piray Payam , Ly Verena , Roelofs Karin , Cools Roshan , Toni Ivan
Published: December 2018

Learning and decision-making are modulated by socio-emotional processing and such modulation is implicated in clinically relevant personality traits of social anxiety. The present study elucidates the computational and neural mechanisms by which emotionally aversive cues disrupt learning in socially anxious human individuals. Healthy volunteers with low or high trait social anxiety performed a reversal learning task requiring learning actions in response to angry or happy face cues. Choice data were best captured by a computational model in which learning rate was adjusted according to the history of surprises. High trait socially anxious individuals used a less-dynamic strategy for adjusting their learning rate in trials started with angry face cues and unlike the low social anxiety group, their dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) activity did not covary with the learning rate. Our results demonstrate that trait social anxiety is accompanied by disruption of optimal learning and dACC activity in threatening situations.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSocial anxiety is known to influence a broad range of cognitive functions. This study tests whether and how social anxiety affects human value-based learning as a function of uncertainty in the learning environment. The findings indicate that, in a threatening context evoked by an angry face, socially anxious individuals fail to benefit from a stable learning environment with highly predictable stimulus–response–outcome associations. Under those circumstances, socially anxious individuals failed to use their dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, a region known to adjust learning rate to environmental uncertainty. These findings open the way to modify neurobiological mechanisms of maladaptive learning in anxiety and depressive disorders.
Operant Costs Modulate Dopamine Release to Self-Administered Cocaine
Authors: Oliva Idaira , Wanat Matthew J.
Published: December 2018

The costs associated with obtaining illicit drugs can fluctuate depending upon the relative drug availability. As a consequence of the changing costs, the effort that one must exert to obtain drugs is dynamic. Considerable evidence illustrates a critical role for dopamine in the ventral medial striatum in mediating drug reinforcement. However, little is known regarding how dopamine release is affected by changes in the costs associated with earning drugs. We used fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to determine how changes in the operant requirement affected dopamine release to self-administered cocaine in male rats. Dopamine release to cocaine infusions increased across trials during self-administration sessions using a fixed-ratio reinforcement schedule with a low operant requirement. However, increasing the operant requirement abolished the within-session elevation in dopamine release to drug rewards. This effect was not due to underlying changes in preinfusion dopamine levels and was not explained by cocaine levels in the brain. This within-session increase in dopamine release to cocaine infusions reemerged when the operant requirement was lowered. Under a progressive ratio reinforcement schedule, there was no increase in dopamine release to drug rewards across trials, which contrasts with prior studies demonstrating an increase in dopamine release to food rewards. Collectively, these findings illustrate that the influence of operant costs on reward-evoked dopamine release depends upon type of reward that can be earned (e.g., food or drug).

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe mesolimbic dopamine system is involved with mediating drug reinforcement. Although the costs associated with earning drugs are dynamic, no studies to date have examined how dopamine release to drug rewards is affected by changing costs. By performing fast-scan cyclic voltammetry recordings in rats self-administering cocaine, the present work demonstrates that changing the operant costs reversibly modulates the dopamine response to cocaine rewards. Furthermore, these findings highlight that the influence of costs on dopamine release to drug rewards differs from the established effect of costs on dopamine release to food rewards.
Current treatment modalities of orthodontically induced white spot lesions and their outcome – a literature review
Authors: Cosma Lavinia Luminiţa , Şuhani Raluca Diana , Mesaroş Anca , Badea Mîndra Eugenia
Published: December 2018

Introduction. White spot lesion is a demineralization of the enamel that appears as a white spot on the surfaces of the tooth. The cause of this spot is determined by the activity of the bacterial plaque and it represents the initial stage of a carious lesion. This lesion is a common side effect for patients with fixed orthodontic appliances mainly because of the brackets’ position that favors the accumulation of plaque that ultimately leads to the formation of the white spot.Methods. We conducted a search on a single database, PubMed. “Orthodontic”, “white spot lesions”, “enamel demineralization treatment” and “remineralization’’ were the search terms used. We found 324 articles, but we took in consideration only the ones from the last 10 years, which resulted in 223 articles.Results. The first step after research was article selection: first by scrutinizing the title and secondly by reviewing the abstracts or full texts. The exclusion criteria were: meta-analysis, reviews, original articles regarding prevention of white spot lesions and their prevalence or incidence. We included the articles that seemed relevant for the treatment of white spot lesions, made either on extracted teeth either on orthodontic patients. We found 75 articles to be eligible for this research and we eliminated 5 because of the lack of an abstract or full text and a further 22 were rejected because they did not fit the aforementioned criteria.Conclusion. Although some traditional methods for the treatment of white spot lesions seem to have undesirable results, nowadays with new technologies and thorough investigations in nanotechnology, the eradication of the lesion appears to be short term.
Breakfast habits, nutritional status and their relationship with academic performance in elementary school students of Tehran, Iran
Authors: Soheilipour Fahimeh , Salehiniya Hamid , Farajpour.kh Mostafa , Pishgahroudsari Mohadeseh
Published: December 2018

Background. The aim of this study was to examine the breakfast habits, nutritional status and their relationship with academic performance in primary school students in Tehran, Iran.Method. In this cross-sectional study 829 primary school children were included. Child Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated based on the objective measures of height and weight as well as adjusted for age and gender. Data on Breakfast habits and academic performance were collected by a valid checklist. For data analysis we used Chi-squared and Fisher's exact test using SPSS software, version 11.5; statistical significance was assumed if p-value is below the 0.05Results. The average breakfast consumption per week was 5.5 times (days) with a standard deviation of 2.9. Based on the results, 30.9 % of participants did not consume full breakfast (six times or less) and 69.1 % had a complete one. In terms of academic grade level, 88.4 % of the participants were in a high level, 10.3 % in appropriate conditions and only 1.3 % of the respondents required more effort (inappropriate).There was no significant correlation between breakfast consumption and academic status (p=0.73), nutritional status of the participants according to the academic performance status Individuals showed no statistically significant relationship (P=0.9).Conclusion. Unlike previous studies, this study revealed no correlation between the academic grade level of elementary students with nutritional status and breakfast habits. It is suggested that according to the qualitative school scoring method, future studies are needed to assessing the students' academic performance. Other parameters will be considered in addition to the average in order to provide a better perspective of students' academic performance.
Long-term Antiviral Hepatitis C treatment associated with Rods and Ring Cytoplasmic antibodies
Authors: Feldrihan Vasile , Benea Andreea , Junie Monica Lia
Published: December 2018

Aim. Clinical description of a patient diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C virus infection, which associated a rare anti-cytoplasmic pattern, known as "Rods and Ring".Method. Clinical case report.Results. A 76-year old female patient with chronic hepatitis C virus infection under treatment for several months with pegylated Interferon-Ribavirin (started eight months ago) presented for clinical and biological evaluation of the therapeutic response.Conclusion. This is the first reported clinical case of a patient with cytoplasmic filamentous rods and rings autoantibodies associated with chronic hepatis C from the Clinical Hospital IRGH Prof. Dr. O. Fodor Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The presence of these antibodies appears to be triggered by antiviral therapy. Although these are newly identified antibodies, they could be used as serological markers for detecting patients at risk of developing associated autoimmune pathologies or nonresponders to the antiviral therapy. Likewise, their detection could identify patients with occult hepatitis C infection.
Fluoroless Catheter Ablation of Cardiac Arrhythmias
Authors: Goyal Sandeep K ,   Piedmont Heart Institute Atlanta, GA, Stambler Bruce S ,   Piedmont Heart Institute Atlanta, GA
Published: December 2018

Catheter ablation is the mainstay of cardiac arrhythmia management, and the number of these procedures carried out is continuing to grow. Fluoroscopy has been integral to these procedures to ensure safe catheter manipulation. Unfortunately, exposure to ionizing radiation is associated with several health risks to patients and personnel. The personal protective equipment used to reduce these risks is associated with incomplete protection and orthopedic risks to physicians and other staff. 3D mapping systems and intracardiac echocardiography, if used properly, can significantly reduce the use of fluoroscopy. The study describes a zero-fluoroscopy approach to cardiac ablation of AF and other arrhythmias using 3D mapping and intracardiac echocardiography to reduce or eliminate exposure to ionizing radiation and orthopedic risks to personnel.
Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Is Less More?
Authors: Rozemeijer Rik ,   Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Published: December 2018

The optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using the latest-generation drug-eluting stents remains a matter of debate. Evidence suggests short regimens of DAPT are favorable for patients with a low ischemic risk, while those at a high risk of ischemia may benefit from taking DAPT for a long duration. An individually assessed risk profile is pivotal in guiding DAPT duration. Risk scores may aid individual patient DAPT decisions, but the value they add to clinical outcomes still needs to be established in a prospective randomized trial. This review aims to provide an overview on DAPT, evaluate the available evidence on DAPT duration with a description of common pitfalls of trial interpretation, and assess available tools for individual risk assessment in patients scheduled for PCI with the latest-generation DES.
Efficiency of bird laser repellents (the case of Rooks and Pigeons)
Authors: Matsyura A. V.
Published: December 2018

We tested the effect of laser repellents against the Rooks and Pigeons in the conditions of Kulunda Steppe (Altai Krai). We successfully scared birds from their feeding and day/night roosting habitats. Based on our results we definitely can recommend laser devices for implementation in bird control management regards studied species.

 
Seasonal Fluctuations of the Numbers of leaf beetles of the subfamily Alticinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in lowland steppe of Tigireksky strict nature Reserve (Northern-Western Altai, Russia)
Authors: Krugova T. M. , Guskova E. V.
Published: December 2018

Seasonal fluctuations of the numbers of leaf beetles of the subfamily Alticinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in lowland steppe of Tigirekskiy reserve in 2012 was studied in stipa and in meadow steppe. The maximal species diversity was noted in the beginning - in the middle of summer. The dominant species is Longitarsus luridus (Scopoli, 1763) with the peak of activity in the end of summer.
Russian Universities’ Further Education: Integration with International Markets
Authors: Korshunov Ilya A. , Meshkova Tatiana A. , Miroshnikov Maxim S. , Sverchkov Mikhail N.
Published: December 2018

Introduction. The paper describes the role of Russian transnational corporations in the development and implementation of the Adults’ Education and Vocational Education and Trainings programs in foreign countries as the promotion of Russian technologies. As the competition between the universities in the international educational markets rises, they see the increasing need for the fixation of the programs they offer onto the needs of the global companies, broadening the possibilities for the students to obtain relevant qualifications and skills, and corresponding diversification of educational programs. Among the possible directions for the increase in the educational services that are offered for export could be adults’ educational programs, vocational education and trainings.
Materials and Methods. The study of the additional vocational education programs for foreign students was carried out with specialized questionnaire. 180 higher education institutions took part in the survey. The analysis of the corporate segment of additional professional education services for foreign markets was carried out on the basis of semi-formalized in-depth expert interviews.
Results. Based on the collected empirical data we were able to identify main participants of the Adults’ Education and Vocational Education and Trainings export and structure and spheres of the programs as well as target countries in this market in three years’ time. It was revealed that the most successful providers of the educational programs are the universities that on the one hand offer already well developed and sought-after educational programs on the Russian Adults’ Education and Vocational Education and Trainings market, and on the other hand – already have stable partnership ties with countries that send students to undergraduate programs.
Discussion and Conclusion. This study elaborates on the role of universities in promoting competitive technologies through the distribution of Adults’ Education and Vocational Education and Trainings. Mechanisms for formation and implementation of corporate training programs by universities for Russian industrial corporations are structured. Barriers for the attraction of foreign students are discussed to increase the scope of training. Results of the study can be recommended for the universities concerned with the development of the Adults’ Education and Vocational Education and Trainings sector in the international context.
Keywords: export education, university, adults educational programs and vocational education and trainings, structure of the market for educational programs, promotion of technologies, corporate education
Self-Control as a Core Component of Professional Competence of IT Students
Authors: Bakunovich Milana F. , Stankevich Natalia L.
Published: December 2018

Introduction. With jobs becoming more stressful, professional competences in solving tactical and strategic tasks grow in importance. The systematic self-control in stressful environment helps to find a rational approach, provides for work’s accuracy and productivity. It is important to study IT-students self-control experimentally as far as there is a discrepancy between employers’ demands and young employees’ skills. The article reveals the issue of self-control and highlights its importance. The authors present their experimental findings on IT-specialists’ self-control in stressful working conditions.
Materials and Methods. The experiment exploits methodological triangulation and involves both qualitative (interview, observation) and quantitative (tests) research. Content-analysis and statistical methods were applied.
Results. The emotional control deteriorates under conditions of monotony and time-pressure. The attention of IT-students is unsustainable. Their actions become slower and less precise. The lack of self-control is observed.
Discussion and Conclusion. The self-control is essential for professional competence of IT students. The latter lacks self-control under stress. The article considers perspective ways of the self-control development. The findings have practical importance for psychologists and educators. They can be applied in psychological support programs for high school and university students as well as for self-control training. Further studies should focus on IT-students’ self-control formation and enhancement.

Keywords: self-control, emotional and volitional constituents of self-control, IT students, stressful working conditions, activity’s accuracy and productivity, technologies of self-control development
Gender-related differences in cue-elicited cravings in Internet gaming disorder: The effects of deprivation
Authors: Dong Guangheng , Zheng Hui , Liu Xiaoyue , Wang Yifan , Du Xiaoxia , Potenza Marc N.
Published: December 2018

Background

Online gaming has become a popular leisure activity, in which males more frequently develop Internet gaming disorder (IGD) compared to females. However, gender-related neurocognitive differences have largely not been systematically investigated in IGD.

Methods

Cue-elicited-craving tasks were performed before game playing and immediately after deprivation operationalized as a forced break from gaming when the Internet was disconnected. Ninety-nine subjects with IGD (27 males and 22 females) or recreational game use (RGU; 27 males and 23 females) provided functional MRI and subjective data. Analyses investigating effects of group (IGD and RGU) × gender (male and female) at different times (pre-gaming, post-gaming, and post–pre) on cue-elicited craving and brain responses were performed. Correlations between brain responses and subjective measures were calculated.

Results

In pre-, post-, and post–pre tests, significant gender-by-group interactions (p < .001, cluster size > 15 voxels) were observed in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Further analyses of the DLPFC cluster showed that in post–pre comparisons, results were related to less engagement of the DLPFC in IGD, especially in females. In addition, at post-test, significant interactions were observed in the caudate, as females with IGD showed greater activation as compared to those with RGU.

Discussion

The results raise the possibility that women with RGU may show better executive control than men when facing gaming cues, which may provide resiliency against developing IGD; however, once they develop IGD, their gaming may impair their executive control and enhance their cravings for gaming, which may make it more difficult to quit gaming.
Myths about “The myths about work addiction”
Authors: Andreassen Cecilie Schou , Schaufeli Wilmar B. , Pallesen Ståle
Published: December 2018

The present paper encompasses a response to the debate paper by Griffiths et al. about work addiction myths. Generally, we found weak empirical basis for the statement that there exist major myths and controversies regarding work addiction. Although we agree with Griffiths et al. on several issues, we argue that: (a) although work addiction is not a new behavioral addiction, work addiction research is still in its infancy; (b) work addiction is largely similar to other behavioral addictions; (c) work addiction and workaholism are actually the same; and (d) there is no compelling evidence that work addiction occurs before adulthood.
Integrated central blood pressure–aortic stiffness risk score for cardiovascular risk stratification in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Nemcsik J , Tabák Á , Batta D , Cseprekál O , Egresits J , Tislér A
Published: December 2018

Background and aims

The aim of this study was to develop an integrated central blood pressure–aortic stiffness (ICPS) risk score to predict cardiovascular events.

Methods

It was a retrospective cohort study. A total of 100 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on conservative therapy were included. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), central systolic blood pressure (cSBP), and central pulse pressure (cPP) were measured. A score was assigned to tertiles of PWV (0–2), cPP (0–2), and cSBP (0 to the first and second and 1 to the third tertile) based on each parameter’s ability to individually predict cardiovascular outcome. The sum of these scores and three ICPS risk categories as predictors were studied. Finally, we compared discrimination of the ICPS risk categories with PWV, cSBP, and cPP.

Results

Adjusted for age and sex, patients in high and very high ICPS risk categories had increased cardiovascular risk (HR: 3.52, 95% CI: 1.65–7.49; HR: 7.56, 95% CI: 3.20–17.85, respectively). High and very high ICPS risk categories remained independent predictors in a model adjusted for multiple CV risk factors (HR: 4.58, 95% CI: 1.65–7.49; HR: 8.56, 95% CI: 3.09–23.76, respectively). ICPS risk categories (Harrell’s C: 0.723, 95% CI: 0.652–0.795) showed better discrimination than PWV (Harrell’s C: 0.659, 95% CI: 0.586–0.732, p = 0.028) and cSBP (Harrell’s C: 0.660, 95% CI: 0.584–0.735, p = 0.008) and there has been a tendency of significance in case of cPP (Harrell’s C: 0.691, 95% CI: 0.621–0.761, p = 0.170).

Conclusion

The ICPS score may clinically importantly improve the identification of CKD patients with elevated cardiovascular risk.
THE ROLE OF CD200/CD200R INTERACTIONS IN THE FORMATION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE IN TRANSPLANTATION AND PREGNANCY
Authors: Arefieva A. S. , Babayan A. A. , Stepanova E. O. , Dontsova T. V. , Pavlovich S. V. , Krechetova L. V. , Nikolaeva M. A.
Published: December 2018

The transmembrane CD200 glycoprotein belongs to the immunoglobulin family and it is widely represented on a variety of cell types, while its structurally similar CD200R receptor is expressed, mainly, on myeloid and lymphoid cells. An immunomodulatory role of CD200 and CD200R interaction is to activate the intracellular inhibitory cascade of reactions, leading to suppression of effector immune cells and attenuation of the inflammatory process. Thus, the CD200R activation stimulates the differentiation of naive T cells to regulatory T cells, increasing the indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity, and enhances the synthesis of IL-10 and TGF-β cytokines, contributing to development of a Th2-dependent anti-inflammatory environment. These immune regulatory events provide the development of immune tolerance and are required for controlling the development of autoimmune processes, hypersensitivity, engraftment of transplanted organs and tissues, as well as protecting the fetus from spontaneous abortion. Tolerogenic potential of interaction between CD200 and CD200R molecules can be effectively used for treatment of various diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s, rheumatoid arthritis, allergies). In this review, we will address the role of CD200/CD200R interactions in stimulating the post-transplant engraftment and protecting a fetus from spontaneous abortion. Many in vivo and in vitro studies have suggested a key role of CD200/CD200R interaction in immune maintenance of both processes.
IMMUNOREGULATORY IMBALANCE AND FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE HEART IN THE PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2
Authors: Kologrivova I. V. , Suslova T. E. , Vinnitskaya I. V. , Koshelskaya O. A. , Boshchenko A. A. , Trubacheva O. A.
Published: December 2018

Diabetes mellitus type 2 is one of the most important non-infectious diseases in the modern world, being an important risk factor of cardiovascular disorders. Changes in left ventricular myocardial diastolic function are observed in diabetic patients independently from other comorbidities. Etiology of the heart failure during diabetes mellitus type 2 is multifactorial, exhibiting cellular,  molecular and metabolic aspects. However, its pathophysiological mechanisms are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate numbers of inflammatory T lymphocytes, i.e., T helper type 1 (Th1) and T helper type 17 (Th17) cells, and FoxP3+T regulatory lymphocytes, depending on the functional state of the heart assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography in patients with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus type 2. A total of twenty-five patients with a combination of arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus type 2, and 14 patients with arterial hypertension without carbohydrate disturbances were recruited to a cross-ectional case-control study. All the patients underwent echocardiography with transthoracic access at the M-mode, B-mode and Doppler mode of imaging. We evaluated numbers of Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes by intracellular production of IL-17 and IFNγ by CD4+ lymphocytes, respectively. The numbers of FoxP3+T regulatory lymphocytes were estimated by expression of CD25 and FoxP3 transcription factor. A flow cytometry approach was used in both cases. We revealed some correlations between the numbers of Th17 lymphocytes, FoxP3+T regulatory lymphocytes and functional parameters of myocardium in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, which were absent in patientswithout carbohydrate impairments. The numbers of FoxP3+T egulatory lymphocytes, Treg/Th17 lymphocyte ratio, and mean fluorescence intensity of IL-17 for Th17 cells was lower in patients with diabetes mellitus and diastolic dysfunction compared to the patients with diabetes free of diastolic dysfunction. Association of diastolic dysfunction with diabetes mellitus type 2 was accompanied by increase of IFNγ+Th1 lymphocyte numbers and concentrations of IL-10, IFNγ and TNFα in serum as compared to the patients with diastolic dysfunction in the absence of carbohydrate metabolism disturbances. The diabetic patients with diastolic dysfunction were characterized by hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, higher index of insulin resistance, increase of waist circumference and visceral adiposity index when compared to the patients with diastolic dysfunction without diabetes. Visceral obesity and decrease of insulin sensitivity may be regarded as pathogenetically significant factors for the development of immune regulatory imbalance and diastolic dysfunction in the patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.
CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL COMPARISONS IN Th- DEPENDENT IMMUNE RESPONSE MECHANISMS AMONG PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: Kalinina E. P. , Vitkina T. I. , Knyshova V. V. , Fedoseeva E. A. , Novgorodtseva T. P. , Gvozdenko T. A.
Published: December 2018

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global public health problem. Studies in immunological features and their correlations with clinical course of COPD are of importance. The aim of this study was to elucidate clinical and immunological features in COPD of different severity grade, concerning Th1- and Тh17-dependent types of immune response.The study included 132 COPD patients and 32 healthy individuals. According to clinical and functional patterns, the patients with COPD were divided into 3 groups, i.e., 36 cases (28%) of mild severity; 62 individuals (48%), of moderate severity, and 30 patients (23%) of severe clinical grade. We have performed both clinical and immunological evaluation of the patients. The Th1- and Th17-specific lymphocyte subpopulations were assessed according to the serum levels of cytokines, i.e. tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), IL-4, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-21, IFNγ, as well as transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). We have also determined expression of IL-6R receptor (CD126+) on mature T lymphocytes (CD3+) and T helper cells (CD4+) from peripheral blood. We have obtained the following results: the patients with mild-grade COPD exhibited three different T cell phenotypes were determined, with a prevalence of Th1-dependent immune response. The IL-6R were mostly expressed on CD3+CD126+ cells for the Th1/Th17 phenotype, and CD4+CD126+ cells in cases of Th17-dependent type immune response. In patients with COPD of moderate severity, the Th1, Th17, or Th1/Th17 types of immune response was revealed at similar rates. The level of IL-6R expression on mature T lymphocytes and T-helper cells increased to the greatest extent in cases of Th17-dependent immune response. In severe COPD patients, we have found a dominance of Th17 and Th1/Th17 type immune response. The levels of IL-6R expressionwere increased in Th17- and Th1/Th17-dependent types of immune response, the most significant increase was observed for CD4+ cells in Th17 phenotype. Clinical features of COPD proved to be associated with the phenotypes of immune response. These results allow of specifying the inflammatory phenotype, predicting the course of chronic disease, and selecting appropriate therapy.
Egy hullámhosszon: neuro-tudományos felismerések az egymásra hangolódás szerepéről a tanulási folyamatok során
Authors: Farnady-Landerl Viktória
Published: December 2018

Sowohl in der Theorie wie auch in der Praxis der Pädagogik ist es ein zentrales Thema zu untersuchen, wie Kinder je nach den Bedürfnissen der soziokulturellen Umgebung im Bildungs- und Erziehungsprozess, ein gewisses Niveau in der Entwicklung und im Verhalten erreichen und sich den vorgeschriebenen Lehrstoff aneignen können. Die Kinder schaffen es großteils, trotzdem gibt es enorm große Unterschiede in der Leistung der Kinder. Seit den Anfängen der Pädagogikwissenschaften beschäftigen sich Forscher damit herauszufinden welche Rolle menschliche Interaktionen in diesen Prozessen bedeuten. Meine Arbeit gibt einen kurzen Überblick zu diesem Thema.
Dişi Gökkuşağı Alabalıklarında Farklı Yemleme Oranlarının Performans ve Üretim Maliyetlerine Etkisi
Authors: AYKAN Hakan , SARIÖZKAN Savaş
Published: December 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı dişi gökkuşağı alabalıklarında farklı yemleme oranlarının
büyüme performansı ve üretim maliyetlerine etkisinin araştırılmasıdır.
Çalışmada ağırlıkları 46,8-49,2 g aralığındaki toplam 900 adet dişi gökkuşağı
alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792), 8,0x2,0x0,8 m ebatlarında
ve çalışma boyunca içerisinde 8000 litre su bulunan 9 adet beton havuza
aktarılmıştır. Araştırma her havuzda 100 balık olacak şekilde, 3 tekrarlı
olarak 70 gün süreyle yürütülmüştür. Başlangıçta ve 14'er gün arayla yapılan
tartımlar sonucunda alabalıklara vücut ağırlıklarının %2 (I. grup), %2,5 (II.
grup) ve %3 (III. grup) oranlarında yemleme yapılmıştır. Balıkların deneme sonu
ortalama canlı ağırlık değerleri sırasıyla 201,81±1,36, 252,02±2,35 ve
291,18±3,15g olarak (P<0,001), yem değerlendirme oranları ise
0,79, 0,84 ve 0,95 olarak bulunmuştur (P<0,001). Spesifik büyüme oranları
(%) sırasıyla 0,90, 1,04 ve 1,14 (P<0,001); kondüsyon faktörü (%) değerleri
1,31, 1,40 ve 1,45 (P<0,001) ve karkas randımanları (%) da 83,7, 83,4 ve
83,0 (P>0,05) olarak belirlenmiştir. Yapılan ekonomik analizde, balık başına
elde edilen kar miktarları sırasıyla 0,42, 0,62 ve 0,66 TL; fayda/maliyet
oranları 1,32, 1,38 ve 1,34 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, en düşük
üretim maliyeti, en yüksek performans değerleri ve karlılık %3 yemleme yapılan
3. grupta; en yüksek üretim maliyeti, en düşük performans değerleri ve karlılık
ise %2 yemleme yapılan 1. grupta elde edilmiştir.
TÜRKİYE AZERBAYCAN DIŞ TİCARET HACMİ VE CARİ AÇIK: AMPİRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: DURMUŞ Savaş
Published: December 2018

Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği (SSCB)’nin uyguladığı sosyalist ekonomik sistem, merkezi bir planlama sayesinde birliği oluşturan ülkeler arasında sosyal, ekonomik,  siyasi ve askeri ilişkilerin bir düzen dahilinde yürümesini sağlamaktaydı. Bu Sosyalist ekonomik ve idari sistemin çökmesi SSCB’nin parçalanması ile sonuçlanmıştır. SSCB’nin dağılması sonucunda 1991 yılında bağımsızlığını ilan eden Azerbaycan serbest piyasa ekonomi modelini benimsemiştir.  Yeni ekonomik modelin uygulanması sürecinde ülke ciddi ekonomik problemlerle karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Bunun temel nedenleri arasında ülkenin yeterli altyapıya, teknolojik ve ekonomik güce sahip olmayışıdır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Türkiye ile Azerbaycan arasında yapılan ticarette ihracatın ithalatı karşılama oranı (DTH) ile Türkiye’nin cari açığı arasında nasıl bir ilişki olduğunu 1996 Ocak-2017 Eylül dönemine ait aylık veriler kullanarak istatistiksel olarak ortaya koymaktır. Analizde değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin varlığı VAR (Vektör Otoregresif) modeli ve Granger Nedensellik (Granger Causality) testi ile araştırılmıştır. Ampirik bulguların sonuçları cari açıktan ticaret haddine doğru tek taraflı ve pozitif bir nedensellik ilişkisinin söz konusu olduğunu göstermektedir.
Editorial
Authors: Arxiu Revista
Published: December 2018

Teniu a les vostres mans el número 17 de la Revista Arxiu d’Etnografia de Catalunya. En aquesta ocasió a l’apartat Articles presentem cinc excel·lents treballs producte d’investigacions fetes pels nostres estudiants de màster. A l’apartat Col·laboracions tenim la possibilitat de gaudir dels articles escrits per Pilar Monreal (UAM), Miguel González i Luis Calvo (IMF-CSIC). Finalment a l’apartat Ressenyes, la investigadora Isabel Ferrándiz ressenya l’obra de Josep Martí i Laura Porzio Cuerpos y agencia en la arena social; Montserrat Soronellas ho fa de l’obra del professor Joan Prat La nostalgia de los orígenes. Chamanes, gnósticos, monjes y místicos; i Yolanda Bodoque la del llibre del professor Honorio Velasco i Carmen Caro De Julián a Julio y de Julio a Julián. Correspondencia entre Julio Caro Baroja y Julian Pitt Rivers (1949-1991). A Notes de Recerca la investigadora Verónica Anzil explica el projecte en curs Roles de Género e interculturalidad de las parejas mixtes en España: una investigación cualitativa longitudinal (IP Jordi Roca i Girona); i, finalment, la investigadora (i IP) Mabel Gracia-Arnaiz presenta la seva recerca sobre La precarización de la vida cotidiana: (in)seguridad alimentaria, genero y salud.
HMW DNA extraction for diatoms v1
Authors: Abbriano Raffaela
Published: December 2018

Protocol for genomic DNA extraction from diatom cell culture without use of phenol/chloroform. Resulting DNA fragments were suitable for nanopore sequencing.
Laboratory protocols for the detection and genotyping of Cervical high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) among adult women living in N'Djamena the capital city of Chad. v1
Authors: Mboumba Bouassa Ralph-Sydney , Aleyo Nodjikouambaye Zita , Sadjoli Damtheou , Adawaye Chatté , Péré Hélène , Veyer David , Matta Mathieu , Robin Leman , Tonen-Wolyec Serge , Mahamat Moussa Ali , Koyalta and Laurent Belec. Donato , Bélec Laurent
Published: December 2018

Adult Chadian women from 5 of the 10 districts of N’Djamena, the capital city of Chad, were randomly selected for inclusion. Peer educators contacted adult women in community-churches or women association networks to participate to the survey and come to the clinic for women’s sexual health “La Renaissance Plus”, N'Djamena. Medical, socio-demographical and behavioral informations were collected. HPV DNA was detected and genotyped in endocervical swab using Anyplex™ II HPV28 genotyping test (Seegene, Seoul, South Korea).
El derecho a la procreación en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional Italiana
Authors: Pastore Fulvio
Published: December 2018

La contribución destaca cómo, a pesar de las declaraciones significativas de inconstitucionalidad de las disposiciones individuales, el establecimiento de la ley núm. 40 de 2004 ha resistido en general la prueba de experiencia y jurisprudencia constitucional. Como mínimo, no se puede hablar de una distorsión completa de la disciplina legislativa dictada por la misma ley, ni, más aún, de la cancelación de la ley. Incluso después de las incisivas intervenciones del Tribunal Constitucional, es una disciplina que reconoce el derecho a procrear, pero no la de tener un hijo a cualquier costo. De hecho, el derecho a ser padre o madre siempre está equilibrado con la necesidad de proteger una serie de otros activos constitucionales primarios. En particular, el legislador y el Tribunal Constitucional han tenido debidamente en cuenta las necesidades de protección de los embriones; del niño por nacer; de la salud de la mujer; de los principios constitucionales en materia de familia.
Aprendizaje rizomático y perspectiva enactiva en EnRÉDate. Diccionario temático infantil
Authors: Moreno María Águeda Moreno
Published: December 2018

El aprendizaje rizomático actúa dentro de los planes de estudio como un modelo emergente para la construcción autónoma del conocimiento. Sinónimo de red, la actual tecnología recursiva para el aprendizaje e investigación del estudio del léxico ofrece una posibilidad más que rentable entre esta tendencia actual de aprendizaje colaborativo mediado por ordenador. No obstante, si bien, la tecnología se muestra favorecedora y mediadora para el aprendizaje, no menos importante es permitir el acceso y explotación a la información que muestran las distintas herramientas o sistemas formativos desde una perspectiva enactiva y de conocimiento corporizado. Es por ello, que en este trabajo se ha pretendido: presentar un entorno virtual de aprendizaje en el que se integran dichas tecnologías, como es el de la herramienta: enRÉDate. Diccionario Temático Infantil (Moreno, Contreras, Torres, Camacho y Ruiz, 2018).
Estructuras textuales y lexicográficas en EnRÉDate. Diccionario temático infantil
Authors: Camacho Niño Jesús
Published: December 2018

El siguiente texto es una investigación de carácter teórico cuyo objetivo es presentar, caracterizar y analizar las principales estructuras lexicográficas: macro-, micro- y medioestructura, de la herramienta EnRÉDate. Diccionario temático infantil (2018). Para ello, se ha partido de paradigma teórico y metodológico fijado por la Teoría funcional de la lexicográfica, cuyo elemento central son las funciones lexicográficas, las cuales se determinan a partir de la conjunción de varios factores: usuarios, situaciones y necesidades.
EnRÉDate. Explotación didáctica
Authors: Contreras Izquierdo Narciso , Moreno Moreno María Águeda , Torres Martínez Marta , Camacho Niño Jesús
Published: December 2018

Propuesta de explotación didáctica de la herramienta de consulta EnrÉDate. Diccionario temático infantil
EXPLICATING THE ELUSIVE ‘PEDAGOGICAL REASONING’ OF EXPERT TEACHERS OF SCIENCE
Authors: Panizzon Debra Lee , Keast Stephen , Mitchell Ian , Loughran John
Published: December 2018

Quality teaching that enhances student learning and engagement in science is a focus for all educational systems. Whether fuelled by the results from international studies, such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), or from what is already evident from the research, highly skilled teachers can greatly improve the educational outcomes of students (MOURSHED, CHIJIOKE & BARBER, 2010). It is this fundamental principle that underpins the recent development and implementation of the Australian Professional Standards for Teachers (APSTs), which identify explicitly the qualities that teachers are expected to demonstrate in each of four career stages: Graduate, Proficient, Highly Accomplished, and Lead (Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership [AITSL], 2012). Underpinning teacher quality in at least four of these standards is the elusive tacit or pedagogical knowledge that is held and used by ‘expert’ teachers of science in their teaching. The study discussed in this paper set out to explicate the knowledge or ‘pedagogical reasoning’ brought to a teaching context by expert teachers as they plan to teach science. The three-year longitudinal study incorporated two cohorts of teachers representing elementary and high school teachers of science (N = 40) in one state in Australia. Data were collected from audio recordings of pairs of teachers as they designed units of work, interviews with pairs of teachers, and other ad hoc data collected during workshops conducted with the teachers throughout the study. Analyses of these data revealed non-linear, complex, and rapid interactions between five distinct, but richly connected focal concepts that comprise teachers’ pedagogical reasoning. The five focal concepts were termed: Big Ideas; Student Engagement; Quality Learners and Quality Learning; Contextual Constraints and Opportunities; and, Teacher Personal and Professional Identity. The study illustrates the rich web of professional wisdom and pedagogical reasoning that underpins the classroom practices of expert teachers of science and why this knowledge is crucial to understand if we are to nurture our next generation of teachers of science.
O ENSINO CONCEITUAL DE FÍSICA E A APRENDIZAGEM SIGNIFICATIVA: UMA REVISÃO ATUALIZADA DA PRODUÇÃO ACADÊMICA
Authors: Silva Diego de Oliveira , Sales Gilvandenys Leite
Published: December 2018

No ensino de Física faz-se necessário fornecer meios que possam colaborar com transformações nas estruturas cognitivas do aluno, e que o conduza a pensamentos mais complexos. Este processo envolve a evolução de conceitos, que pode ser facilitado por uma série de recursos, digitais ou não, que possibilitem uma aprendizagem significativa do tema. Para tanto, o presente artigo se propõe a analisar os trabalhos publicados em um período de 12 anos sobre o ensino conceitual de Física e suas relações com a aprendizagem significativa. Para isto, foi realizada uma busca por artigos que apresentassem estudos de caso relatando a implementação de ações voltadas à evolução de conceitos, ao mapeamento das pré concepções trazidas pelos estudantes ou à utilização de ferramentas que possam facilitar uma evolução destes conceitos. Dos 20 trabalhos analisados, metade foi implementada no Ensino Médio. Os outros estudos foram realizados em estudantes de Nível Superior ou de Pós-Graduação. Os resultados dessa revisão da literatura indicam que elementos da aprendizagem significativa podem ser encontrados na maioria dos estudos relacionados ao enriquecimento de conceitos. Além disso, é possível notar uma preocupação recorrente em trabalhar a formação de professores que abordem os conhecimentos físicos de maneira conceitual e reflexiva. A aprendizagem significativa, apesar de ser uma teoria já bastante abordada nas últimas décadas, não deve ser entendida como uma noção trivial, mas sim como um conceito supra-teórico às teorias construtivistas de aprendizagem.
RITUAIS DE INTERAÇÃO E EMOÇÕES EM ATIVIDADE INVESTIGATIVA COM CRIANÇAS.
Authors: Saucedo Kellys Regina Rodio , João Herbert Alexandre , Chaim Daniel Faria , Pietrocola Maurício
Published: December 2018

Este artigo apresenta uma análise das interações de natureza emocional durante a realização de uma atividade investigativa, denominada “o problema do submarino”, à luz da microssociologia das emoções de Randall Collins (2004). O construto teórico cunhado pelo autor possibilitou um novo roteiro de análise interpretativa das interações entre alunos de 4º do Ensino Fundamental envolvidos na resolução de um problema do Conhecimento Físico. Os momentos aqui analisados, com base na metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa denominada investigação orientada por evento foram definidos inicialmente pela visualização individual dos aspectos salientes da filmagem e, posteriormente, estes foram confirmados pelos pesquisadores envolvidos com o estudo. Identificamos nas interações entre os alunos o efeito de solidariedade grupal, associado nesse caso ao estado emocional positivo compartilhado entre os participantes, que tinham por objetivo a solução do problema de imersão e de submersão do submarino. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de observar o processo de aprendizagem em ciências também pelo viés das emoções e nos encoraja a considerar estas categorias de análise na pesquisa educacional.
PEDAGOGIA SOCIALISTA SOVIÉTICA: CATEGORIAS QUE SE ARTICULAM NA CONSTRUÇÃO DE UMA NOVA ESCOLA PARA UMA NOVA SOCIEDADE
Authors: De Matos e Silva Luciana Maria , Gehrke Marcos
Published: December 2018

A análise desenvolvida sobre a Pedagogia Socialista Soviética traz as categorias “atualidade”, auto-organização dos estudantes”, a “coletividade” e o “trabalho”, que se articulam na construção da nova escola para uma nova sociedade no contexto Russo (1917 a 1931). Evidencia a articulação das categorias no fortalecimento da educação e da revolução na construção da nova escola e a sociedade socialista. Parte de uma pesquisa maior, traz para análise a produção teórica dos intelectuais da pedagogia socialista Pistrak (2000; 2009), Shulgin (2013); Krupskaya (2017) e Makarenko (1986), a partir da pesquisa bibliográfica das obras traduzidas para o português no Brasil. Salienta que a pedagogia socialista é produzida por pedagogos russos, num ambiente pós-revolucionário, que assumiram o trabalho de transformar a escola tzarista, que prevalecia no país até 1917, em escolas do trabalho. Argumenta que essa nova escola precisava ser comprometida com a formação multilateral das crianças, jovens e adultos, para garantir a formação de novos e comprometidos lutadores e construtores de novas relações de vida e de produção. A articulação teórico-prática entre atualidade, auto-organização dos estudantes, a coletividade e o trabalho marcam a sociedade transformada, assim como dão identidade à educação e à escola, aqui nomeada de Pedagogia Socialista Soviética.