bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A teoria em prática: interlocução ensino-serviço no contexto da atenção primária à saúde na formação do(a) enfermeiro(a) The theory into practice: teaching-service dialogue in the context of primary healthcare in the training of nurses
Authors: De Almeida Lima Cássio , Fagundes Durães Rocha Jucimere , Tavares de Souza Leite Maisa , Gesiele Pereira Santos Amanda , Gonçalves Rodrigues Bianca , Fonseca Moura Lafetá Amanda
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: Compreender as percepções dos estudantes do Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem acerca da sua inserção na prática dos serviços da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa e enfoque fenomenológico, realizado no Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem em uma universidade pública estadual do Brasil. A análise das entrevistas realizadas ocorreu por meio das etapas metodológicas da fenomenologia: descrição, redução, compreensão, análise ideográfica e nomotética. Resultados: A compreensão da essência do fenômeno desvelou a categoria interlocução ensino-serviço no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde: significados para o graduando em enfermagem. Tem-se contemplado de maneira positiva a interlocução entre o ensino e os cuidados primários de saúde, com a imersão do acadêmico na vivência da realidade do SUS. Conclusão: A imersão nos cuidados e serviços primários de saúde tem promovido uma efetiva interlocução ensino-serviço, corrobora os pressupostos das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais.
Sentimentos de mulheres sobre as alterações causadas pela mastectomia Women´s feelings about the changes caused by mastectomy
Authors: Sousa Kamilla Abrantes de , Pinheiro Maria Berenice Gomes Nascimento , Fernandes Marcelo Costa , Costa Stéphany Pereira da , Oliveira Erveny Jaiane Costa de , Silva Iara Diógenes
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: Estudo objetivou analisar os sentimentos de mulheres de um grupo de apoio sobre as alterações causadas pela mastectomia. Método: Estudo do tipo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado em um grupo de apoio à mulheres mastectomizadas em Cajazeiras, no estado da Paraíba, Brasil, em junho e julho de 2014, com 20 sujeitos. Utilizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada para coleta de dados. A análise foi feita através do processo metodológico do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: Evidenciou-se que as mulheres adotaram uma maneira singular de enfrentamento do câncer de mama variando entre sentimentos negativos, preocupação em se afastar dos filhos, maior aproximação da espiritualidade e aceitação da doença com naturalidade. Conclusão: É importante destacar que a partir da compreensão destes sentimentos, o enfermeiro poderá construir um plano de cuidados adequado às necessidades de saúde deste público alvo, proporcionando assim uma ação mais eficiente, eficaz e humana.
Saberes e práticas de mães de recém-nascidos prematuros perante a manutenção do aleitamento materno Knowledge and practices of mothers of premature newborns in the mainteining of breastfeeding
Authors: Brod Fernanda Regina , Rocha Daniele Lais Brandalize , Santos Reginaldo Passoni dos
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: Identificar os saberes e práticas de mães de recém-nascidos prematuros frente à manutenção do aleitamento materno. Método: Estudo qualitativo, com delineamento exploratório. Desenvolveu-se a pesquisa em um Banco de Leite Humano, com dez puérperas durante a hospitalização de seus filhos. Para a coleta de dados, realizaram-se entrevistas presenciais com aplicação de questionário semiestruturado. Analisaram-se as respostas, utilizando-se a Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Obteve-se o Certificado de Apresentação para Apreciação Ética, da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, sob nº 15743513.3.0000.0020. Resultados: Dos discursos, emergiram duas categorias: A consistência do conhecimento apresentado pelas mães; Impacto da orientação profissional sobre a prática de ordenha do leite materno. Conclusão: mesmo apresentando pouca consistência no conhecimento, observou-se impacto positivo da orientação profissional à prática para ordenha do leite materno.
Prevenção de acidentes domésticos infantis: susceptibilidade percebida pelas cuidadoras Domestic accident prevention for children: perceived susceptibility by the caregivers
Authors: Gurgel Allyne Karlla Cunha , Monteiro Akemi Iwata
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: Descrever a percepção de cuidadores domiciliares de crianças quanto à susceptibilidade das crianças sob seus cuidados para os acidentes domésticos infantis. Método: Estudo exploratório, descritivo e qualitativo, realizado em Natal/RN, Brasil, com 19 cuidadores de crianças. Os dados foram tratados com base no Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo e analisados à luz da susceptibilidade percebida, um dos pilares do Modelo de Crenças em Saúde. Resultados: Todos os sujeitos julgaram os acidentes domésticos infantis evitáveis. Identificaram-se percepções destoantes quanto às mudanças dos riscos para esses acidentes e à susceptibilidade da casa habitada para esses episódios. Isso desencadeou a elaboração categorias distintas, que apontavam desde a existência de riscos diversos até o não reconhecimento de susceptibilidade a esses eventos. Conclusão: Faz-se necessário que o enfermeiro, enquanto educador em saúde, realize ações integrais e intersetorias voltadas para os cuidadores, a fim de prevenir esses acidentes. DESCRITORES: Acidentes domésticos, Criança, Enfermagem.
An outlook on structural biology after AlphaFold: tools, limits and perspectives
Authors: Rosignoli Serena , Pacelli Maddalena , Manganiello Francesca , Paiardini Alessandro
Published: September 2024

AlphaFold and similar groundbreaking, AI‐based tools, have revolutionized the field of structural bioinformatics, with their remarkable accuracy in ab‐initio protein structure prediction. This success has catalyzed the development of new software and pipelines aimed at incorporating AlphaFold's predictions, often focusing on addressing the algorithm's remaining challenges. Here, we present the current landscape of structural bioinformatics shaped by AlphaFold, and discuss how the field is dynamically responding to this revolution, with new software, methods, and pipelines. While the excitement around AI‐based tools led to their widespread application, it is essential to acknowledge that their practical success hinges on their integration into established protocols within structural bioinformatics, often neglected in the context of AI‐driven advancements. Indeed, user‐driven intervention is still as pivotal in the structure prediction process as in complementing state‐of‐the‐art algorithms with functional and biological knowledge.
Cost‐Related Medication Behaviors for Patients With and Without Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Yee Jeong , Feldman Candace H. , Oakes Emily G. , Ellrodt Jack , Guan Hongshu , Choi May Y. , Karlson Elizabeth W. , Costenbader Karen H.
Published: September 2024

Objective

Medication nonadherence challenges the management of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs). We investigated cost‐related medication behaviors among patients with SARDs, and compared them to those of patients without SARDs, in a large diverse cohort across the United States.

Methods

As part of the All of Us (version 7), a nationwide diverse adult cohort with linked electronic health records begun in 2017, participants completed questionnaires concerning cost‐related medication behaviors. Chi‐square tests compared responses between patients with SARDs, by disease and medication type, and to those without SARDs. Logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios (95% confidence intervals [CIs]).

Results

We analyzed data from 3,997 patients with SARDs and 73,990 participants without SARDs. After adjustment, patients with versus without SARDs had 1.56 times increased odds of reporting unaffordability of prescription medicines (95% CI 1.43–1.70), 1.43 times increased odds of cost‐related medication nonadherence (95% CI 1.31–1.56), and 1.23 times increased odds of using cost‐reducing strategies (95% CI 1.14–1.32). Patients with SARDs who reported unaffordability were 16.5% less likely to receive a disease‐modifying drug (95% CI 0.70–0.99) but 18.1% more likely to receive glucocorticoids (95% CI 0.99–1.42). In addition, unaffordability of prescription medicines was likely to have 1.27 times increased odds of one to two emergency room visits per year (95% CI 1.03–1.57) and 1.38‐fold increased odds of three or more emergency room visits per year (95% CI 0.96–1.99).

Conclusion

In this large diverse cohort, patients with versus without SARDs had more self‐reported cost‐related medication behaviors, and those who reported medication unaffordability received fewer disease‐modifying drugs and had more emergency room visits.
Powder Metallurgical Processing of Al–5 wt% Cu Matrix Composites Reinforced with MoSi2 and WSi2 Particulates
Authors: Mertdinç‐Ülküseven Sıddıka , Ovalı‐Döndaş Didem , Süzer İlayda , Altıntaş Mert , Can Karaca Murat , Özal Bahadır , Ağaoğulları Duygu , Öveçoğlu Mustafa Lütfi
Published: September 2024

Herein, investigations on the microstructural, physical, and mechanical properties of molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2)‐ and tungsten disilicide (WSi2)‐reinforced aluminum (Al)–copper (Cu) matrix composites are reported. Powder metallurgy methods such as mechanochemical synthesis (MCS), mechanical alloying (MA), cold pressing, and pressureless sintering are combined to produce composites. First of all, MoSi2 and WSi2 nanoparticles are synthesized by MCS and selective acid leaching, yielding reinforcement materials for Al–Cu matrix. Powder blends consisting of 95 wt% Al and 5 wt% Cu are mixed with metal disilicides at different weight percentages (1, 2, and 5 wt%). MA for 4 h is conducted on these overall blends using a high‐energy ball mill. Microstructural and thermal properties of the as‐blended and mechanically alloyed powders are determined, and then they are compacted under 450 MPa and sintered at 550 °C for 2 h. Mechanical characterization of the composites reveals an increase in hardness and wear resistance with an increasing amount of reinforcement content. Among bulk samples, 5 wt% WSi2‐reinforced composites have the highest microhardness (165 ± 15 HV) and lowest wear rate (1.69 × 106 μm3 Nm−1) values. However, under the compression forces, the highest toughness and strength are obtained from 2 wt%‐reinforced composites.
A Novel Flow‐Balanced Friction Stir Channeling Technology: High Rectangularity Design and Channel Formation Mechanisms
Authors: Huang Yongxian , Shan Cheng , Hu Shengnan , Wang Shenglong , Xie Yuming , Ma Xiaotian , Wang Naijie , Meng Xiangchen
Published: September 2024

Friction stir channeling (FSC) presents a promising approach for achieving continuous channels in heat exchangers, which are considered as leading candidates for high‐efficiency thermal dissipation. However, the irregular cross‐sectional shape of prepared channels induces stress concentration and compromises the load‐bearing capacity and structural integrity. Herein, flow‐balanced FSC (FB‐FSC) technology is proposed to fabricate channels with enhanced rectangularity. This technique allows for precise control over the shape, path, position, and arrangement of the channels. The channel formation in FB‐FSC is affected by material overflow–reflux behaviors and stick–slip conditions. Material overflows onto the shoulder due to shearing and extraction then refluxes under axial pressure to close the channel. The material stuck to the probe rotates accordingly and is pulled out into the channel cavity to form a deposition layer. By regulating channel formation mechanisms, channel rectangularity of 90.8%, continuous formation of 14 m, minimum spacing of 2 mm, variable arc radius, and gradient distribution are directly achieved via FB‐FSC. The FB‐FSC technology enables the efficient formation of cooling channels with high quality, which is significant for the design of heat exchangers to realize desired performances.
Effect of Zn Addition on Phase Evolution in AlCrFeCoNiZn High‐Entropy Alloy
Authors: Shivam Vikas , Beniwal Dishant , Shadangi Yagnesh , Singh Prashant , Palasyuk Olena , Hariharan V. S. , Kramer Matthew J. , Phanikumar Gandham , Johnson Duane D. , Ray Pratik K. , Mukhopadhyay Nilay Krishna
Published: September 2024

The addition of Zn to AlCrFeCoNi high‐entropy alloy (HEA) poses intriguing questions as to how it would affect phase evolution. Herein, the phase evolution in AlCrFeCoNiZn is studied using a combination of experimental techniques (X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry) and computational (density‐functional theory [DFT], calculation of phase diagrams, and machine‐learning) methods. Mechanically alloyed and spark‐plasma‐sintered AlCrFeCoNiZn assumes a metastable single‐phase, body‐centered‐cubic (BCC) structure that undergoes diffusion‐controlled phase separation upon subsequent heat treatment to form separate (Al, Cr)‐rich, (Fe, Co)‐rich, and (Zn, Ni)‐rich phases. The formation of (Al, Cr)‐rich phase, not reported previously in AlCrFeCoNi‐based HEAs, is attributed to strong clustering tendency of Cr–Zn and Cr–Ni pairs, combined with the strong ordering of Zn–Ni pair, driving out Cr that in turn combines with Al to form a (Al, Cr)‐rich phase. In the DFT results, the formation of thermodynamically stable L12 phase is shown wherein Cr–Fe–Zn [Al–Ni‐Co] preferably occupy1a (000) [3c (0 ½ ½)] positions. The sluggish diffusional transformation to L12 phase from BCC precursors is attributed to the small stacking‐fault energy of AlCrFeCoNiZn. The equilibrated HEA exhibits a high microhardness of 8.24 GPa with an elastic modulus of 184 GPa.
Homogenization Heat Treatment and Tribological Properties of In Situ Alloyed NiTiCu by Laser Powder‐Bed Fusion
Authors: Marrani Nicoletta , Gao Chenkai , Tan Rui Qing , Tan Xipeng
Published: September 2024

In situ alloying by additive manufacturing (AM) of premixed powders has been recognized as a promising low‐cost method for creating complex parts for biomedical implants, in which homogenization heat treatment is a critical concern in this technology. Also, as promising implant materials, their tribological properties under dry and lubrication conditions are significantly concerned with evaluating the functionalities of 3D printing. This work preliminarily addresses these two concerns with the laser powder‐bed fusion (LPBF) 3D‐printed nickel titanium copper (NiTiCu) alloy using three homogenization heat treatments and ball‐on‐disc wear tests under dry and NaCl‐lubricated conditions. It is found that to achieve sufficiently good microstructural homogeneity with low porosity, a temperature of 800 °C and a duration of 5 h is needed. Despite the promising outcome, analysis of the results revealed that all heat treatments led to the formation of a secondary phase identified as Ti2(Ni,Cu), which induced two‐step phase transformations. Thus, further studies on the optimization of the postprocessing techniques are required. The heat‐treated alloy resulting in the most favorable properties is selected for tribological testing. AM and the addition of Cu are observed to enhance the wear resistance of the alloy under lubrication conditions.
Investigation of the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, in Vitro Degradation Behavior, and Biocompatibility of Newly Developed Zn‐0.6%Li Alloy
Authors: Zhang Jiao , Qiao Hongkai , Li Qinglin , Zhu Peiyi , Han Changjun
Published: September 2024

Zn–Li alloys are considered as one of the promising materials in biodegradable bone implants because they have excellent biocompatibility and high strength. This study examines the extrusion deformation effects on the microstructure, mechanical characteristics, in vitro degradation behavior, and biocompatibility of Zn‐0.6Li alloy. It is shown that primary α‐Zn and LiZn4 precipitates of as‐extruded Zn‐0.6Li alloy are significantly refined. The dendritic primary α‐Zn is refined into fine equiaxed grains. The eutectic (α‐Zn + LiZn4) lamellar spacing distributed in dendrites are refined from 0.86 ± 0.5 to 0.57 ± 0.4 μm. The extruded Zn‐0.6Li alloy of the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation are significantly enhanced, reaching 365, 498 MPa, and 13.55%, respectively. In Hanks’ solution, the electrochemical corrosion rate and immersion corrosion rate of extruded Zn‐0.6Li alloy are 1.479 ± 0.061 and 0.878 ± 0.006 mm year−1. In addition, the cytotoxicity test and CCK‐8 evaluation demonstrate that the extruded Zn‐0.6Li alloy displays a good biocompatibility.
Achieving Ultra‐Narrow‐Band Deep‐Red Electroluminescence By a Soliton‐type Dye Squaraine
Authors: Tan Wenle , Yu Yue , Shi Tianyuan , Zhang Lveting , Gan Hanlin , Wang Bohan , Liu Ganlin , Li Mingke , Ying Lei , Ma Yuguang
Published: September 2024

Due to the soliton‐like electronic structural characteristics, cyanine dyes typically exhibit spectral behaviors such as large molar extinction coefficients, narrow spectra, and high fluorescence efficiency. However, their extensive applications as emitters in electroluminescence are largely ignored due to their serious emission quenching in the aggregation state. Herein, it is reported a squaraine dye (a type of cyanine) SQPhEt. At different solution concentrations, the unusual decrease in full‐width at half‐maxima (FWHM) with increasing Stokes shift indicates the fluorescence quenching of SQPhEt in the aggregated state is because of the strong self‐absorption effect. A sensitized device structure can help to reduce the doping concentration of dye, which can effectively suppress self‐absorption. Benefitting from the large molar extinction coefficient of SQPhEt, even at low doping concentrations of 0.1 wt%, efficient Förster energy transfer can be achieved. The corresponding spin‐coating sensitized device based on SQPhEt as the dopant exhibits favorable deep‐red emission at 668 nm with a small FWHM of 0.10 eV.
High‐Efficiency Near‐Infrared Iridium(III) Complexes with Tailored Ligands for Solution‐Processed OLEDs with Maximum EQE of 3.75% at 830 nm
Authors: Li Shaman , Zhang Yanxin , Dai Yu , Xu Jingyi , Meng Qing‐yu , Wen Xue‐liang , Qiao Juan
Published: September 2024

The development of highly efficient pure near‐infrared (NIR) emitting organic materials with emission beyond 800 nm is extremely challenging due to the limitation of the energy gap law. Herein, three efficient NIR emitting iridium(III) complexes are developed adopting pyrido[3,4‐b]pyrazine derivatives as the cyclometalated C^N ligands, namely (Epptt)2Iracac (1), (pptt)2Iracac (2), and (ppCz)2Irtmd (3). Due to the enhanced donor–acceptor interaction inside the ligand, the conjugation‐extended and electron‐richer N‐phenylcarbazole unit at the C‐part of the ligands endows complex 3 with a large bathochromic shift of emission peak from 796 to 862 nm in toluene solution, compared with thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene C‐part in complex 2. The solution‐processed OLEDs based on complex 3 achieved a record high maximum external quantum efficiency of 3.75% and low efficiency roll‐off with the emission peak at 830 nm, a champion efficiency in the Ir(III) based OLEDs with emission peak exceeding 800 nm. This work opens a new avenue for the development of high‐efficiency pure NIR organic emitters based on Ir(III) complexes for various applications.
Embryo‐Derived Cathepsin B Promotes Implantation and Decidualization by Activating Pyroptosis
Authors: Li Meng‐Yuan , Wu Ying , Tang Hao‐Lan , Wang Ying , Li Bo , He Yu‐Ying , Yan Gui‐Jun , Yang Zeng‐Ming
Published: September 2024

Embryo implantation and decidualization are crucial for a successful pregnancy. How the inflammatory response is regulated during these processes is undefined. Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of cell death mediated by gasdermin D (GSDMD). Through in vivo, cultured epithelial cells and organoids, it is shown that pyroptosis occurs in epithelial cells at the implantation site. Compared with those on day 4 of pseudopregnancy and delayed implantation, pyroptosis‐related protein levels are significantly increased on day 4 of pregnancy and activated implantation, suggesting that blastocysts are involved in regulating pyroptosis. Blastocyst‐derived cathepsin B (CTSB) is stimulated by preimplantation estradiol‐17β and induces pyroptosis in epithelial cells. Pyroptosis‐induced IL‐18 secretion from epithelial cells activates a disintegrin and metalloprotease 12 (ADAM12) to process the epiregulin precursor into mature epiregulin. Epiregulin (EREG) enhances in vitro decidualization in mice. Pyroptosis‐related proteins are detected in the mid‐secretory human endometrium and are elevated in the recurrent implantation failure endometrium. Lipopolysaccharide treatment in pregnant mice causes implantation failure and increases pyroptosis‐related protein levels. Therefore, the data suggest that modest pyroptosis is beneficial for embryo implantation and decidualization. Excessive pyroptosis can be harmful and lead to pregnancy failure.
Kidney Injury Evoked by Fine Particulate Matter: Risk Factor, Causation, Mechanism and Intervention Study
Authors: Hou Tong , Jiang Yuqing , Zhang Jiyang , Hu Renjie , Li Sanduo , Fan Wenjun , Chen Rucheng , Zhang Lu , Li Ran , Qin Li , Gu Weijia , Wu Yue , Zhang Lina , Zeng Xiang , Sun Qinghua , Mao Yingying , Liu Cuiqing
Published: September 2024

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is suggested to pose a severe risk to the kidneys by inducing functional degradation and chronic kidney diseases (CKD). This study aims to explore the nephrotoxicity of PM2.5 exposure and the underlying mechanism. Herein, based on the UK Biobank, it is found that per interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 is associated with a 6% (95% CI: 1%–11%), 7% (95% CI: 3%–11%), 9% (95% CI: 4%–13%), 11% (95% CI: 9%–13%), and 10% (95% CI: 8%–12%) increase in the risk of nephritis, hydronephrosis, kidney stone, acute renal failure, and CKD, respectively. In experimental study, noticeable kidney injury, which is the initiation of kidney diseases, is observed with PM2.5 exposure in C57BL/6N mice (n = 8), accompanied with oxidative stress, autophagy and pyroptosis. In vitro, HK‐2 cells with PM2.5‐stimulation exhibit tubulopathy, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and activated pyroptosis and autophagy. All changes are abolished by ROS scavenger of N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) both in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, the study provides evidence showing that PM2.5 exposure is associated with 5 kinds of kidney diseases by directly inducing nephrotoxicity, in which ROS may be the potential target by triggering autophagy and pyroptosis.
Ferromagnetic–Antiferromagnetic Coupling in Gas‐Phase Synthesized M(Fe, Co, and Ni)–Cr Nanoparticles for Next‐Generation Magnetic Applications
Authors: Bohra Murtaza , Giaremis Stefanos , KS Abisegapriyan , Mathioudaki Stella , Kioseoglou Joseph , Grammatikopoulos Panagiotis
Published: September 2024

Combining ferromagnetic–antiferromagnetic materials in nanoalloys (i.e., nanoparticles, NPs, containing more than one element) can create a diverse landscape of potential electronic structures. As a result, a number of their magnetic properties can be manipulated, such as the exchange bias between NP core and shell, the Curie temperature of nanoparticulated samples, or their magnetocaloric effect. In this work, such a family of materials (namely M–Cr NPs where M is Fe, Co, Ni, or some combination of them) is reviewed with respect to the tunability of their magnetic properties via optimized doping with Cr up to its solubility limit. To this end, gas‐phase synthesis has proven a most effective method, allowing excellent control over the physical structure, composition, and chemical ordering of fabricated NPs by appropriately selecting various deposition parameters. Recent advances in this field (both experimental and computational) are distilled to provide a better understanding of the underlying physical laws and point toward new directions for cutting‐edge technological applications. For each property, a relevant potential application is associated, such as memory cells and recording heads, induced hyperthermia treatment, and magnetic cooling, respectively, aspiring to help connect the output of fundamental and applied research with current real‐world challenges.
Proximity‐Unlocked Luminescence by Sequential Enzymatic Reactions from Antibody and Antibody/Aptamer (PULSERAA): A Platform for Detection and Visualization of Virus‐Containing Spots
Authors: Miura Daimei , Hayashi Wakana , Hirano Kensuke , Sasaki Ikkei , Tsukakoshi Kaori , Kakizoe Hidehumi , Asai Satomi , Vavricka Christopher J. , Takemae Hitoshi , Mizutani Tetsuya , Tsugawa Wakako , Sode Koji , Ikebukuro Kazunori , Asano Ryutaro
Published: September 2024

The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic has challenged more scientists to detect viruses and to visualize virus‐containing spots for diagnosis and infection control; however, detection principles of commercially available technologies are not optimal for visualization. Here, a convenient and universal homogeneous detection platform named proximity‐unlocked luminescence by sequential enzymatic reactions from antibody and antibody/aptamer (PULSERAA) is developed. This is designed so that the signal appears only when the donor and acceptor are in proximity on the viral surface. PULSERAA specifically detected in the range of 25–500 digital copies/mL of inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 after simply mixing reagents; it is elucidated that the accumulation of chemical species in a limited space of the viral surface contributed to such high sensitivity. PULSERAA was quickly adapated to detect another virus variant, inactivated influenza A virus, and infectious SARS‐CoV‐2 in a clinical sample. Furthermore, on‐site (direct, rapid, and portable) visualization of the inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2‐containing spots by a conventional smartphone camera was achieved, demonstrating that PULSERAA can be a practical tool for preventing the next pandemic in the future.
Plant Robots: Harnessing Growth Actuation of Plants for Locomotion and Object Manipulation
Authors: Murakami Kazuya , Sato Misao , Kubota Momoki , Shintake Jun
Published: September 2024

Plants display physical displacements during their growth due to photosynthesis, which converts light into chemical energy. This can be interpreted as plants acting as actuators with a built‐in power source. This paper presents a method to create plant robots that move and perform tasks by harnessing the actuation output of plants: displacement and force generated from the growing process. As the target plant, radish sprouts are employed, and their displacement and force are characterized, followed by the calculation of power and energy densities. Based on the characterization, two different plant robots are designed and fabricated: a rotational robot and a gripper. The former demonstrates ground locomotion, achieving a travel distance of 14.6 mm with an average speed of 0.8 mm h−1. The latter demonstrates the picking and placing of an object with a 0.1‐g mass by the light‐controlled open‐close motion of plant fingers. A good agreement between the experimental and model values is observed in the specific data of the mobile robot, suggesting that obtaining the actuation characteristics of plants can enable the design and prediction of behavior in plant robots. These results pave the way for the realization of novel types of environmentally friendly and sustainable robots.
Magnetically Actuated Soft Microrobot with Environmental Adaptative Multimodal Locomotion Towards Targeted Delivery
Authors: Li Qingwei , Niu Fuzhou , Yang Hao , Xu Dongqin , Dai Jun , Li Jing , Chen Chenshu , Sun Lining , Zhang Li
Published: September 2024

The development of environmentally adaptive solutions for magnetically actuated microrobots to enable targeted delivery in complex and confined fluid environments presents a significant challenge. Inspired by the natural locomotion of crucian carp, a barbell‐shaped soft microrobot (MBS2M) is proposed. A mechano‐electromagnetic hybrid actuation system is developed to generate oscillating magnetic fields to manipulate the microrobot. The MBS2M can seamlessly transition between three fundamental locomotion modes: fast navigation (FN), high‐precision navigation (HPN), and fixed‐point rotation (FPR). Moreover, the MBS2M can move in reverse without turning. The multimodal locomotion endows the MBS2M's adaptability in diverse environments. It can smoothly pass through confined channels, climb over obstacles, overcome gravity for vertical motion, track complex pathways, traverse viscous environments, overcome low fluid resistance, and navigate complex spaces mimicking in vivo environments. Additionally, the MBS2M is capable of drug loading and release in response to ultrasound excitation. In an ex vivo porcine liver vein, the microrobot demonstrated targeted navigation under ultrasound guidance, showcasing its potential for specialized in vivo tasks.
Advanced High‐Throughput Rational Design of Porphyrin‐Sensitized Solar Cells Using Interpretable Machine Learning
Authors: Liao Jian‐Ming , Chen Yu‐Hsuan , Lee Hsuan‐Wei , Guo Bo‐Cheng , Su Po‐Cheng , Wang Lun‐Hong , Reddy Nagannagari Masi , Yella Aswani , Zhang Zhao‐Jie , Chang Chuan‐Yung , Chen Chia‐Yuan , Zakeeruddin Shaik M , Tsai Hui‐Hsu Gavin , Yeh Chen‐Yu , Grätzel Michael
Published: September 2024

Accurately predicting the power conversion efficiency (PCE) in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) represents a crucial challenge, one that is pivotal for the high throughput rational design and screening of promising dye sensitizers. This study presents precise, predictive, and interpretable machine learning (ML) models specifically designed for Zn‐porphyrin‐sensitized solar cells. The model leverages theoretically computable, effective, and reusable molecular descriptors (MDs) to address this challenge. The models achieve excellent performance on a “blind test” of 17 newly designed cells, with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.02%. Notably, 10 dyes are predicted within a 1% error margin. These results validate the ML models and their importance in exploring uncharted chemical spaces of Zn‐porphyrins. SHAP analysis identifies crucial MDs that align well with experimental observations, providing valuable chemical guidelines for the rational design of dyes in DSSCs. These predictive ML models enable efficient in silico screening, significantly reducing analysis time for photovoltaic cells. Promising Zn‐porphyrin‐based dyes with exceptional PCE are identified, facilitating high‐throughput virtual screening. The prediction tool is publicly accessible at https://ai‐meta.chem.ncu.edu.tw/dsc‐meta.
Unveiling the Dynamic Pathways of Metal–Organic Framework Crystallization and Nanoparticle Incorporation for Li–S Batteries
Authors: Song Xiaohui , Huang Rui , Zhang Xingyu , Chang Qiang , Kim Semi , Jeong Daeun , Hou Qian , Kim Juyeong , Ang Edison Huixiang , Su Xiaowei , Feng Xuyong , Xiang Hongfa
Published: September 2024

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) present diverse building blocks for high‐performance materials across industries, yet their crystallization mechanisms remain incompletely understood due to gaps in nucleation and growth knowledge. In this study, MOF structural evolution is probed using in situ liquid phase transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and cryo‐TEM, unveiling a blend of classical and nonclassical pathways involving liquid–liquid phase separation, particle attachment–coalescence, and surface layer deposition. Additionally, ultrafast high‐temperature sintering (UHS) is employed to dope ultrasmall Cobalt nanoparticles (Co NPs) uniformly within nitrogen‐doped hard carbon nanocages confirmed by 3D electron tomography. Lithium–sulfur battery tests demonstrate the nanocage‐Co NP structure's exceptional capacity and cycling stability, attributed to Co NP catalytic effects due to its small size, uniform dispersion, and nanocage confinement. The findings propose a holistic framework for MOF crystallization understanding and Co NP tunability through ultrafast sintering, promising advancements in materials science and informing future MOF synthesis strategies and applications.
Detection and Anti‐Detection with Microwave‐Infrared Compatible Camouflage Using Asymmetric Composite Metasurface
Authors: Wang Yanzhao , Luo Huiling , Shao Yanzhang , Wang Hui , Liu Tong , Wang Zhengjie , Liu Kai‐yue , Su Xiaogang , Xu He‐Xiu
Published: September 2024

Detection and anti‐detection with multispectral camouflage are of pivotal importance, while suffer from significant challenges due to the inherent contradiction between detection and anti‐detection and conflict microwave and infrared (IR) stealth mechanisms. Here, a strategy is proposed to asymmetrically control transmitted microwave wavefront under radar‐IR bi‐stealth scheme using composite metasurface. It is engineered composed of infrared stealth layer (IRSL), microwave absorbing layer (MAL), and asymmetric microwave transmissive structure (AMTS) with polarization conversion from top to bottom. Therein, IR emissivity, microwave reflectivity, and transmissivity are simultaneously modulated by elaborately designing the filling ratio of ITO square patches on IRSL, which ensures both efficient microwave transmission and IR camouflage. Furthermore, full‐polarized backward microwave stealth is achieved on MAL by transmitting and absorbing microwaves under x‐ and y‐ polarization, respectively, while forward wavefront is controlled by precise curvature phase compensation on AMTS according to ray‐tracing technology. For verification, a proof‐of‐concept metadevice is numerically and experimentally characterized. Both results coincide well, demonstrating spiral detective wavefront manipulation under y‐polarized forward wave excitation while effective reduction of radar cross section within 8–18 GHz and low IR emissivity (<0.3) for backward detection. This strategy provides a new paradigm for integration of detection and anti‐detection with multispectral camouflage.
Soft Micropneumatic Touchpad
Authors: Lampinen Vilma , Pihlajamäki Mika , Koivikko Anastasia , Sariola Veikko
Published: September 2024

Soft tactile sensors outputting fluidic signals have many potential applications in soft microfluidic devices and soft robots. However, existing systems have been limited to a single or a few sensors in parallel, so they are not comparable to the state‐of‐the‐art electrical resistive and capacitive touchpads, which can detect rich tactile information, including touch location, pressure, area, and even multiple touches simultaneously. This work reports a soft micropneumatic touchpad. The touchpad consists of 32 pneumatic channels inside soft elastomer, with 16 channels aligned row‐wise and 16 column‐wise. The flow resistance of each channel is measured using a pressure divider. When the pad is touched, the cross‐sectional area of the channels close to the contact location deforms, which changes the flow resistance of those channels. With 32 sensing channels, the location, depth, area of the contact, and even two simultaneous touches can be detected. Letters hand‐written on the touchpad can be reconstructed from the measured data. With the assumption of sparsity, a tactile pressure map, with a value at each 16 × 16 grid point, can also be reconstructed. This work opens a path to replace electronic tactile sensors in soft devices with all‐fluidic alternatives.
Device Specifications for Neural Network Training with Analog Resistive Cross‐Point Arrays Using Tiki‐Taka Algorithms
Authors: Byun Jinho , Kim Seungkun , Kim Doyoon , Lee Jimin , Ji Wonjae , Kim Seyoung
Published: September 2024

Recently, specialized training algorithms for analog cross‐point array‐based neural network accelerators have been introduced to counteract device non‐idealities such as update asymmetry and cycle‐to‐cycle variation, achieving software‐level performance in neural network training. However, a quantitative analysis of how these algorithms affect the relaxation of device specifications is yet to be conducted. This study provides a detailed analysis by elucidating the device prerequisites for training with the Tiki‐Taka algorithm versions 1 (TTv1) and 2 (TTv2), which leverage the dynamics between multiple arrays to compensate for device non‐idealities. A multiparameter simulation is conducted to assess the impact of device non‐idealities, including asymmetry, retention, number of pulses, and cycle‐to‐cycle variation, on neural network training. Using pattern‐recognition accuracy as a performance metric, the required device specifications for each algorithm are revealed. The results demonstrate that the standard stochastic gradient descent algorithm requires stringent device specifications. Conversely, TTv2 permits more lenient device specifications than the TTv1 across all examined non‐idealities. The analysis provides guidelines for the development, optimization, and utilization of devices for high‐performance neural network training using Tiki‐Taka algorithms.
Optical Super‐Oscillation Enables Sub‐Diffraction Focusing and Super‐Resolution Imaging in the Far‐Field
Authors: Li Zhu , Zang Zhongming , Hai Kuo , Huang Wen , Tang Dongliang
Published: September 2024

Owing to the inherent wave property of light, the resolution of the optical system is constrained by the diffraction limit. Past decades have seen many efforts to break the diffraction limit at the expense of complex near‐field manipulation, pre‐labeling, or post‐processing. However, an optical access for noninvasive sub‐diffraction focusing and super‐resolution imaging in the far‐field that does not pose dependency on evanescent waves or targets is still highly desirable. Optical super‐oscillation method based on the superposition of propagating waves offers a possibility to overcome the diffraction limit in the far‐field with arbitrary enhanced resolution. This article reviews the recent progress of optical super‐oscillation technology, including research about super‐oscillation phenomenon, designs of super‐oscillatory lenses for sub‐diffraction focusing, super‐resolution imaging by optical super‐oscillation method, and applications in other domains. The shortcoming and prospective advancements of optical super‐oscillation technology are also discussed here. It is expected that this review can provide valuable insights for researchers committed to developing optical super‐oscillation technology in various fields.
Visualisierung aktiver Zentren in elektrogesponnenen photoaktiven Membranen mittels Fluoreszenz‐Lebensdauer‐Bildgebung
Authors: Terlau Fabian , Martin Hanna M. , Galstyan Anzhela
Published: September 2024

Das Interesse an antibakteriellen Nanomaterialien ist in den letzten Jahren aufgrund der zunehmenden Antibiotikaresistenz von Mikroben stark gestiegen. Ihre praktische Anwendung bleibt derzeit jedoch begrenzt, da viele essenzielle Eigenschaften noch eingehend untersucht werden müssen. In dieser Studie wurden neuartige Nanofasermembranen auf der Basis von hydrophilem Polyacrylnitril (PAN) sowie hydrophobem Polycaprolacton (PCL) mit eingebetteten hydrophilen oder hydrophoben Zink(II)phthalocyaninen (ZnPc) als Photosensibilisatoren entwickelt und ihre Wasserdesinfektionseigenschaften untersucht. Um einen Zusammenhang zwischen der Aktivität des Materials und der Zusammensetzung bzw. Struktur herzustellen, wurden mehrere Schlüsseleigenschaften untersucht. Die Ergebnisse der UV/Vis‐Reflexionsspektroskopie zeigen, dass der Aggregationszustand der Farbstoffe innerhalb des Polymerträgers erheblich variiert. Zur Visualisierung der „aktiven Zentren“ wurde die Fluoreszenzlebensdauer‐Mikroskopie (FLIM) verwendet und validiert. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie liefern nützliche Erkenntnisse für die Entwicklung photoaktiver Nanomaterialien mit maßgeschneiderten Eigenschaften und verdeutlichen den entscheidenden Einfluss der Polymereigenschaften auf die Materialaktivität.
Visualizing Active Sites in Electrospun Photoactive Membranes via Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging
Authors: Terlau Fabian , Martin Hanna M. , Galstyan Anzhela
Published: September 2024

Interest in antibacterial nanomaterials has surged in recent years, driven by the rise in antibiotic resistance among microbes. However, their practical application remains limited because many crucial properties have yet to be thoroughly investigated. In this study, we have developed novel nanofibrous membranes based on hydrophilic polyacrylonitrile (PAN) or hydrophobic polycaprolactone (PCL) with embedded hydrophilic or hydrophobic zinc(II)phthalocyanines (ZnPcs) as photosensitizers and investigated their water disinfection properties. Several key characteristics were evaluated to link the activity of the material and composition/structure. As demonstrated by reflectance UV/Vis spectroscopy, the aggregation states of dyes within the polymer support vary significantly. We have proposed and validated the use of fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) for visualizing “active sites” in the membranes. The results of this study provide useful insights for the engineering of photoactive nanomaterials with tailor‐made properties and highlight the crucial role of the nature of polymeric support in modulating the material‘s activity.
Development of DuoMYC: a synthetic cell penetrant miniprotein that efficiently inhibits the oncogenic transcription factor MYC
Authors: Ellenbroek Brecht D. , Kahler Jan Pascal , Arella Damiano , Lin Cherina , Jespers Willem , Züger Eliane Ann‐Katrin , Drukker Micha , Pomplun Sebastian J.
Published: September 2024

The master regulator transcription factor MYC is implicated in numerous human cancers, and its targeting is a long‐standing challenge in drug development. MYC is a typical ‘undruggable’ target, with no binding pockets on its DNA binding domain and extensive intrinsically disordered regions. Rather than trying to target MYC directly with classical modalities, here we engineer synthetic miniproteins that can bind to MYC's target DNA, the enhancer box (E‐Box), and potently inhibit MYC‐driven transcription. We crafted the miniproteins via structure‐based design and a combination of solid phase peptide synthesis and site‐specific crosslinking. Our lead variant, DuoMYC, binds to E‐Box DNA with high affinity (KD ~0.1 μM) and is able to enter cells and inhibit MYC‐driven transcription with submicromolar potency (IC50=464 nM) as shown by reporter gene assay and confirmed by RNA sequencing. Notably, DuoMYC surpasses the efficacy of several other recently developed MYC inhibitors. Our results highlight the potential of engineered synthetic protein therapeutics for addressing challenging intracellular targets.
CFD modeling of gas–solid flow in a two‐stage jetting fluidized bed with an overflow standpipe
Authors: Wang Zhengyu , Wang Teng , Zhou Meiyu , Zhao Luhaibo
Published: September 2024

The two‐fluid model–kinetic theory of granular flow (TFM–KTGF) model and the sub‐grid‐scale (SGS) model are used to conduct a three‐dimensional numerical simulation study on the hydrodynamic characteristics of a two‐stage fluidized bed with an integrated overflow pipe. Using various drag models, the gas–solid flows, bed expansions, pressure drop distributions, and equilibrium conditions in the two‐stage bed are compared, and the conditions for the formation of a stable overflow in the two‐stage bed are thoroughly investigated. In addition, during the simulation of the secondary distribution in the bed, the porous media model simulates the momentum loss caused by the redistribution plate to avoid the direct simulation of the redistribution plate, which requires extensive grid division work and calculation costs. This work can provide technical direction for the industrialization of one‐step coal to multistage fluidized bed natural gas technology.
Analyse der Durchflussraten in gerissenem Stahlbeton
Authors: Lahmann Daniel , Edvardsen Carola , Keßler Sylvia
Published: September 2024

Risse im Stahlbetonbau sind Teil des Konstruktionsprinzips und akzeptabel, solange deren Rissbreiten bestimmte Grenzwerte nicht überschreiten. Laut Eurocode 2, Teil 3 (bzw. auch DAfStb WU‐Richtlinie) darf die autogene Selbstheilung von Trennrissen bei einer rechnerischen Rissbreite ≤ 0,20 mm unter bestimmten hydraulischen Bedingungen berücksichtigt werden. Praktische Erfahrungen zeigen jedoch, dass Selbstheilung trotz Einhaltung dieser Rissbreite nicht immer zuverlässig auftritt. Diese Studie untersucht die Durchflussraten von zentrisch gerissenem und wasserdurchströmtem Beton nach der Methode von Edvardsen. Auf Basis der experimentellen Ergebnisse wird ein analytischer Ansatz nach Hagen‐Poiseuille zur Abschätzung der Durchflussrate unmittelbar nach der Wasserbeaufschlagung entwickelt, der insbesondere für die Dichtigkeitsklasse TC0 relevant ist. Diese Durchflussrate dient auch als Indikator zur Bewertung der Effizienz der autogenen Selbstheilung bei Bauwerken der Dichtigkeitsklasse TC1. Die Anfangsdurchflussrate Q0 durch gerissenen Beton wird hauptsächlich durch die Rissbreitenverteilung, den Wasserdruck, die Rauigkeit der Rissflanken und die Tortuosität des Rissverlaufs beeinflusst. Eine zuverlässige Abschätzung des Durchflusses erfordert daher die Einführung eines Korrekturfaktors ξ, der aufgrund der hohen Streuung der experimentellen Daten mit 0,52 vorgeschlagen wird.
Developing resilience strategies amid supply chain risks in the automotive industry: A stakeholder theory perspective
Authors: Jum'a Luay , Qamardin Salam , Ikram Muhammad
Published: September 2024

Managing automotive supply chain risks contributes to achieving sustainability goals, including ensuring business continuity, maintaining production and delivery schedules, and reducing environmental impact. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the risks confronting the supply chain in the automotive industry through the moderating effect of reactive and proactive resilience strategies. The stakeholder theory perspective was used in this study to examine supply chain risk in the automotive industry. A quantitative method was employed, resulting in 157 valid responses. The results reveal that demand risk had the most significant effect on auto dealer performance, followed by logistics/transportation, production, and supply risk. Notably, proactive resilience strategies were found to significantly impact the relationship between risk and performance. The findings underscore the importance of proactive measures in mitigating the performance impacts of supply chain risk. This study contributes a theoretical framework by identifying four major supply chain risks and seven proactive and 12 reactive strategies. In addition, the study was conducted through the lens of stakeholder theory, emphasizing the importance of suppliers, manufacturers, and dealers cooperating to establish a reliable supply chain.