bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metagenomic analysis of diarrheal stools in Kolkata, India, indicates the possibility of subclinical infection of Vibrio cholerae O1
Authors: Takahashi Eizo , Motooka Daisuke , Nakamura Shota , Miyoshi Shin-ichi , Chowdhury Goutam , Mukhopadhyay Asish K. , Dutta Shanta , Morita Daichi , Iida Tetsuya , Okamoto Keinosuke
Published: November 2022

We examined the stools of 23 patients in Kolkata, who were diagnosed as cholera patients becauseVibrio choleraeO1 was detected from their stools by culturing methods, and further explored by metagenomic sequencing analysis. Subsequently, the presence of the gene encoding A subunit of cholera toxin (ctxA) and the cholera toxin (CT) level in these stool samples were examined.ctxAwas examined by both metagenomic sequencing analysis and polymerase chain reaction. In these examinations, two samples did not show positive in any of these tests. The metagenomic analysis showed that the genes forStreptococcus pneumoniaeandSalmonella entericawere present in the stools of these two patients, respectively. Therefore, these two patients were not considered to have diarrhea due toV. choleraeinfection. From these results, we predicted that some Kolkata residents harbor a small number ofV. choleraein their intestines as a form of subclinical infection withV. cholerae. Next, we analyzed the stool samples of 22 diarrhea patients from whichV. choleraewas not isolated. The results showed that 3 of the patients seemed to have subclinical infection ofV. choleraebased on the amount of the genes. These results indicated that subclinical infections withV. choleraeO1 occur in Kolkata.
Joint probability calculation of the lateral velocity distribution in strong field ionization process
Authors: Ivanov I. A. , Kim Kyung Taec
Published: November 2022

We describe an approach to the description of the time-development of the process of strong field ionization of atoms based on the calculation of the joint probability of occurrence of two events, event B being finding atom in the ionized state after the end of the laser pulse, event A being finding a particular value of a given physical observable at a moment of time inside the laser pulse duration. As an example of such an physical observable we consider lateral velocity component of the electron’s velocity. Our approach allows us to study time-evolution of the lateral velocity distribution for the ionized electron during the interval of the laser pulse duration. We present results of such a study for the cases of target atomic systems with short range Yukawa and Coulomb interactions.
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin monitoring reveals persistent subclinical kidney injury following intraarterial administration of iodinated contrast agents
Authors: Scridon Alina , Somkereki Cristina , Nicoară Tunde Renata , Oprica Mădălina , Demian Liliana
Published: November 2022

Clinically overt contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is one of the most feared complications in patients exposed to iodinated contrast media and has been extensively studied over the years. Meanwhile, the incidence and evolution of subclinical contrast-induced kidney injury remain elusive. With the continuous increase in the number of patients that are repeatedly exposed to contrast media, elucidating these issues is of critical importance. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate the incidence and the evolution of clinical and subclinical kidney injury in patients exposed to contrast media. A total of 178 patients who underwent elective percutaneous angioplasty procedures were evaluated prospectively. Serum creatinine and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels were evaluated pre-procedurally, 48 h and 1 month after administration of contrast media. The evolution of creatinine and NGAL levels was analyzed at the three time points, and the potential predictors of contrast-induced clinical and subclinical renal injury were evaluated. Clinically overt CIN occurred in 10 (5.6%) patients. Baseline serum creatinine and the volume of contrast media were the only independent predictors of CIN and in all 10 patients creatinine levels returned to baseline by 1 month (p = 0.32). Subclinical contrast-induced kidney injury was much more common, affecting 32 (17.9%) patients, was only predicted by the baseline serum creatinine, and persisted in 53.1% of patients after 1 month. This study showed that whereas clinically overt CIN is rather rare and regressive, subclinical contrast-induced kidney injury is considerably more frequent, affecting almost 18% of patients that receive intraarterial contrast media. More importantly, subclinical kidney injury persisted after 1 month in more than 50% of the initially affected patients, who may thus be at increased risk for further renal impairment, particularly if exposed to nephrotoxic agents or repeated administration of contrast media.
Level of constitutively expressed BMAL1 affects the robustness of circadian oscillations
Authors: Padlom Apirada , Ono Daisuke , Hamashima Rio , Furukawa Yuko , Yoshimura Takashi , Nishiwaki-Ohkawa Taeko
Published: November 2022

The circadian rhythm is a biological oscillation of physiological activities with a period of approximately 24 h, that is driven by a cell-autonomous oscillator called the circadian clock. The current model of the mammalian circadian clock is based on a transcriptional-translational negative feedback loop in which the protein products of clock genes accumulate in a circadian manner and repress their own transcription. However, several studies have revealed that constitutively expressed clock genes can maintain circadian oscillations. To understand the underlying mechanism, we expressed Bmal1 in Bmal1-disrupted cells using a doxycycline-inducible promoter and monitored Bmal1 and Per2 promoter activity using luciferase reporters. Although the levels of BMAL1 and other clock proteins, REV-ERBα and CLOCK, showed no obvious rhythmicity, robust circadian oscillation in Bmal1 and Per2 promoter activities with the correct phase relationship was observed, which proceeded in a doxycycline-concentration-dependent manner. We applied transient response analysis to the Bmal1 promoter activity in the presence of various doxycycline concentrations. Based on the obtained transfer functions, we suggest that, at least in our experimental system, BMAL1 is not directly involved in the oscillatory process, but modulates the oscillation robustness by regulating basal clock gene promoter activity.
Graph neural network for integrated water network partitioning and dynamic district metered areas
Authors: Fu Minglei , Rong Kezhen , Huang Yangyang , Zhang Ming , Zheng Lejing , Zheng Jianfeng , Falah Mayadah W. , Yaseen Zaher Mundher
Published: November 2022

Water distribution systems (WDSs) are used to transmit and distribute water resources in cities. Water distribution networks (WDNs) are partitioned into district metered areas (DMAs) by water network partitioning (WNP), which can be used for leak control, pollution monitoring, and pressure optimization in WDS management. In order to overcome the limitations of optimal search range and the decrease of recovery ability caused by two-step WNP and fixed DMAs in previous studies, this study developed a new method combining a graph neural network to realize integrated WNP and dynamic DMAs to optimize WDS management and respond to emergencies. The proposed method was tested in a practical case study; the results showed that good hydraulic performance of the WDN was maintained and that dynamic DMAs demonstrated excellent stability in emergency situations, which proves the effectiveness of the method in WNP.
Two different propagation patterns of spatiotemporally contiguous heatwaves in China
Authors: Luo Ming , Wang Xiaoyu , Dong Na , Zhang Wei , Li Jing , Wu Sijia , Ning Guicai , Dai Lan , Liu Zhen
Published: November 2022

Heatwaves detrimentally affect human health and ecosystems. While previous studies focused on either temporal changes or spatial extents of heatwaves, their spatiotemporal contiguity and propagation patterns are unclear. Here, we investigate the climatology, long-term trends, and interannual variations of spatiotemporally contiguous heatwaves across China during 1961 to 2018. Two distinct propagation patterns are identified by introducing a spatiotemporally contiguous events tracking (SCET) method and the k-means clustering. Type 1 contiguous heatwaves mostly generate over eastern China and move southwestward at shorter distances, while Type 2 heatwaves generally initiate over western China and move southeastward at longer distances, with stronger intensity, longer lifetime, and larger coverage. Since the 1960s, both types exhibit significant increases in frequency, intensity, coverage, lifetime, and traveling distances, with relatively larger magnitudes for Type 2, but significant decreases in moving speed only appear for Type 1. On interannual timescale, preceding winter El Niño prolongs the duration and slows down the moving speed of Type 1 through the western North Pacific subtropical high. Type 2 contiguous heatwaves are intensified by the negative spring North Atlantic Oscillation via the upper-atmospheric Rossby wave train.
Towards process-oriented management of tropical reefs in the anthropocene
Authors: Seguin Raphael , Mouillot David , Cinner Joshua E. , Stuart Smith Rick D. , Maire Eva , Graham Nicholas A. J. , McLean Matthew , Vigliola Laurent , Loiseau Nicolas
Published: November 2022

Tropical reefs and the fish relying on them are under increasing pressure. Shallow-reef fish provide important ecological information in addition to sustaining fisheries, tourism and more. Although empirical metrics of fish biomass are widely used in fisheries management, metrics of biomass production—how much new biomass is produced over time—are rarely estimated even though such production informs potential fisheries yields. Here we estimate fish standing biomass (B), biomass production (P, the rate of biomass accumulation) and biomass turnover (P/B ratio, the rate of biomass replacement) for 1,979 tropical reef sites spanning 39 tropical countries. On the basis of fish standing biomass and biomass turnover, we propose a conceptual framework that splits reefs into three classes to visualize ecological and socio-economic risk and help guide spatial management interventions (for example, marine protected areas) to optimize returns on conservation efforts. At large scales, high turnover was associated with high human pressure and low primary productivity, whereas high biomass was associated with low human pressure and high primary productivity. Going beyond standing fish biomass to consider dynamic ecological processes can better guide regional coral reef conservation and sustainable fisheries management.
Radioactive Nano- and Microparticles Released from Fukushima Daiichi: Technical Challenges of Multiple Analytic Techniques
Authors: Utsunomiya Satoshi , Fueda Kazuki , Minomo Kenta , Horie Kenji , Takehara Mami , Yamasaki Shinya , Shiotsu Hiroyuki , Ohnuki Toshihiko , Law Gareth T. W. , Grambow Bernd , Ewing Rodney C.
Published: November 2022

A total activity of ∼1019 Bq, including ∼1016 Bq of 137Cs, was released from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) in 2011, among which 137Cs (30.1 years half-life) will remain in the environment for decades either in the form of: (i) Cs bound to clays, or (ii) highly radioactive Cs-rich microparticles (CsMPs). CsMPs are nano- to microscale particles that were dispersed as far away as ∼230 km, thus the characterization of CsMPs has been extremely challenging. This chapter summarizes the technical challenges in the application of state-of-the-art analytical techniques including atomic-resolution electron microscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and synchrotron-based micro X-ray analysis. CsMPs consist of a glassy silicate matrix and contain Cs (<0.55–30 wt%), Fe, Zn, as well as other trace elements. The 134Cs/137Cs activity ratios of individual CsMPs are ∼1, confirming their FDNPP origin. The nanoscale texture of CsMPs indicates that intrinsic Cs phase(s) and other fission fragment nanoparticles formed in the reactors during meltdown. Nanoscale fragments of fuel debris, incorporated into the CsMP matrix, reveal a variety of physico-chemical properties including euhedral, uraninite crystals. 235U/238U isotopic ratios within the CsMPs range from ∼0.019 to ∼0.030 reflect the variation in the burn-up of the nuclear fuel in different reactors. Trace Pu occurs associated with U(iv) oxide nanoparticles, which are incorporated into the CsMPs. Thus, CsMPs are not only an important medium with localized Cs; microparticulates also provide a mechanism for the transport of debris fragments of incorporated U and Pu into the environment in a respirable form.
The Composition of the Eco-corona Acquired by Micro- and Nanoscale Plastics Impacts on their Ecotoxicity and Interactions with Co-pollutants
Authors: Reilly K. , Davoudi H. , Guo Z. , Lynch I.
Published: November 2022

Eco-corona formation on the surface of particles, whereby biomolecules with affinity for the particle surface adsorb onto the particle surface, leads to changes in the biological identity and the physiochemical properties of the particle, and to subsequent changes in the environmental distribution, xenobiotic absorption, biotransformation and toxicity. The composition of the eco-corona depends on the available biomolecules in the specific environmental compartment, and it evolves over time in response to changes in the surroundings. Understanding the changing eco-corona composition, and the drivers of this, is key to elucidating the mechanisms of toxicity and environmental fate of microplastic particles. Characterisation of the physical and chemical characteristics of the eco-corona on micro- and nanoplastic particles can be explored using a range of techniques, which have previously been established for nanoparticle coronas or for characterisation of natural organic matter, in order to further our understanding of the environmental impact of these emerging particulate pollutants.
Fate and Behaviour of Carbon Nanomaterials in the Aquatic Environment: A Case of Graphene and Graphene Oxide
Authors: Sanchís Josep , Llorca Marta
Published: November 2022

Graphene and graphene oxide are emerging nanomaterials with a rising number of innovative applications in nanotechnology. The entry of graphene and its derivatives into the environment seems an unavoidable consequence of their increasing relevance in industry and academia and, in this context, it is important to carefully assess the environmental risk of these emitted carbon nanomaterials. The present chapter aims to summarise the recent advances in the study of the colloidal behaviour of graphene and graphene oxide dispersions in artificial and natural waters, focusing on the environmental factors that dictate their stability in the water column and/or their distribution in the sediments. The analytical approaches that are currently employed to analyse graphene and graphene oxide aggregates will also be reviewed.
Uptake, Accumulation, and Transformation of Metal-based Nanoparticles in Plants: Interaction of Nanoparticles with Environmental Pollutants
Authors: Wojcieszek J. , Ruzik L.
Published: November 2022

In recent years, the widespread use of nanomaterials in different fields like agriculture, engineering, and industry has caused the presence of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in the environment. Released NPs can be accumulated in soil and taken up by edible plants. They can undergo different transformations, toxic or not, and potentially enter the human organism in their final form. The most important research carried out in nanotechnology during the last decade about the fate of NPs after their release into the environment is presented. An overview of the development of analytical methodology in studying the uptake, accumulation, and transformation of metal-based NPs in plants is given. The proposed analytical procedures allow for tracking the fate of the studied NPs, from the cultivation process to their accumulation and translocation within plant tissues. Additionally, information about the interaction of nanoparticles with environmental pollutants is presented.
Sampling and Pre-treatment in Nanoparticle Analysis in Water
Authors: Krystek Petra , Wimmer Andreas , Ritsema Rob , EngelhArd Carsten
Published: November 2022

Sampling and pre-treatment are of the utmost importance in analytical workflows as possible errors during these steps influence the validity of the final results. They are especially important in the case of nanoparticle analysis in various types of water where possible physical processes (such as adsorption or agglomeration) can occur and additional chemical parameters are of great relevance. This chapter discusses the most common challenges in sampling and sample pre-treatment, reflects on errors and precautions that can be applied, and presents some guidelines and considerations to be followed during these initial steps.
Stable Isotope Labelling and Tracing of Engineered Nanomaterials
Authors: Laycock A. , Rehkämper M.
Published: November 2022

Nanomaterials that are synthesised from an enriched stable isotope are chemically and physically indistinguishable from the equivalent natural materials. They are, however, distinguished by a distinct non-natural isotope signature, which enables highly sensitive and selective tracing and quantification of the labelled material. This offers the opportunity of detecting trace quantities of isotopically labelled nanomaterials, from experiments carried out at low and environmentally relevant exposure levels, in complex natural samples with high and variable background levels of elements and particles. This chapter informs on the diverse applications of stable isotope labelled nanomaterials in exposure studies as well as key advantages and characteristics of the tracing approach. It also outlines key considerations relevant for the application of the technique. This includes (i) the selection of appropriate enriched isotopes; (ii) preparation of stable isotope labelled nanomaterials; (iii) analytical instrumentation and protocols required for tracing isotopically labelled materials in natural samples; and (iv) appropriate data reduction methods.
Study on the Behaviour and Toxicology of Nanomaterials by Synchrotron Radiation Technology
Authors: Cong Y. , Wang L. , Chen C.
Published: November 2022

Synchrotron radiation (SR)-based technologies have advantages for chemical analysis with high sensitivity and high resolution and can serve as tools for elemental identification, chemical form and coordination information, as well as chemical imaging. In this chapter, we introduce SR-based analytical methods and their powerful roles in nanotoxicity studies. With these state-of-the-art technologies, we show their use in characterizing nanomaterials, quantitatively analysing the interaction of macromolecules (proteins or phospholipids) at the nano–bio interface, capturing the chemical behaviour of nanomaterials in bio-microenvironments, cells, tissues and organisms, and visualizing the spatial distribution and accumulation of nanomaterials and determining their chemical transformation in situ. These established methods significantly improve the knowledge and understanding of nano–bio interactions from the physical and chemical aspects and help to reveal the physicochemical mechanism for nanotoxicity.
Top-down mass spectrometry and assigning internal fragments for determining disulfide bond positions in proteins
Authors: Wei Benqian , Zenaidee Muhammad A. , Lantz Carter , Williams Brad J. , Totten Sarah , Ogorzalek Loo Rachel R. , Loo Joseph A.
Published: November 2022

Internal fragments generated by top-down mass spectrometry can increase sequence coverage, localize disulfide bonds, and determine disulfide connectivity of disulfide-containing proteins.
A QCM immunosensor employing signal amplification strategies by enlarging the size of nanoparticles using gold or silver staining
Authors: Lim Ji Yoon , Lee Soo Suk
Published: November 2022

QCM-based AFP immunoassay using AuNPs and TiO2 nanoparticles with three types of signal amplifications through (a) gold staining for AuNPs, (b) silver staining for AuNPs, and (c) photocatalytic silver staining for TiO2 nanoparticles.
Nanometer-scale patterning of hard and soft interfaces: from photolithography to molecular-scale design
Authors: Singh Anamika , Shi Anni , Claridge Shelley A.
Published: November 2022

Many areas of modern materials chemistry, from nanoscale electronics to regenerative medicine, require design of precisely-controlled chemical environments at near-molecular scales on both hard and soft surfaces.
Mesoporous silicas tethered with anions as quasi-solid electrolytes for lithium–metal batteries
Authors: Chen Zerui , Xu Yifei , Zhao Wei , Liu Qianqian , Liu Qian , Hu Zhikun , Liu Yan , Wu Hao Bin
Published: November 2022

Mesoporous silicas tethered with anions were developed as quasi-solid electrolytes. The high grafted density of –NTf−groups and their uniformly distributed negative charge endow MCM41-NLiTf with single Li-ion conductivity up to 2.4 × 10−4S cm−1.
Asymmetric construction of densely functionalized three-dimensional aza-tetracyclic scaffolds for drug discovery
Authors: Umedera Kohei , Morita Taiki , Nakamura Hiroyuki
Published: November 2022

Asymmetric synthesis of 3D tetracyclic scaffold has been achieved. Three substituents (R1, R2, R3) were introduced in two different 3D patterns, providing opportunity to explore vast chemical space and thus discovery of novel bioactive compounds.
Designing of a Zn(ii)-isonicotinohydrazido thiophenyl based 2D coordination polymer: structure, augmented photoconductivity and superior biological activity
Authors: Debsharma Kingshuk , Dey Sunanda , Das Dhananjoy , Halder Satyajit , Ortega-Castro Joaquin , Sarkar Sarita , Dutta Basudeb , Maity Suvendu , Jana Kuladip , Frontera Antonio , Ray Partha Pratim , Sinha Chittaranjan
Published: November 2022

A novel Zn(ii)-isonicotinohydrazido-thiophenyl based 2D coordination polymer reveals a drastic increase in electrical conductivity upon light irradiation and its application in anti-cancer activity.
Structure and assembly mechanism of a centipede-shaped high-nuclear Dy14Cu12heterometallic nanocluster
Authors: Yu Shui , Hu Huancheng , Qiu Zhihui , Zhang Yuzhen , Liu Dongcheng , Liang Yuning , Zou Hua-Hong , Liang Fu-Pei , Chen Zilu
Published: November 2022

We report here a high-nuclear 3d–4f heterometallic Cu12Dy14nanocluster featuring a centipede-like shape, as well as its possible assembly mechanism.
Research progress of ABX3-type lead-free perovskites for optoelectronic applications: materials and devices
Authors: Wang Hao , Zhang Chunqian , Huang Wenqi , Zou Xiaoping , Chen Zhenyu , Sun Shengliu , Zhang Lixin , Li Junming , Cheng Jin , Huang Shixian , Gu Mingkai , Chen Xinyao , Guo Xin , Gui Ruoxia , Wang Weimin
Published: November 2022

We summarize the development and application of ABX3-type lead-free halide perovskite materials, especially in optoelectronic devices.
Storage of Na in 2D SnS for Na ion batteries: a DFT prediction
Authors: Butt Mehwish Khalid , Rehman Javed , Yang Zhao , Wang Shuanhu , El-Zatahry Ahmed , Alofi Ayman S. , Albaqami Munirah D. , Alotabi Reham Ghazi , Laref Amel , Jin Kexin , Shibl Mohamed F.
Published: November 2022

The high binding energy adsorption sites of the SnS monolayer and the low diffusion barrier for Na migration depict a fast sodiation and desodiation process.
Nanocrystalline β-NiS: a redox-mediated electrode in aqueous electrolyte for pseudocapacitor/supercapacitor applications
Authors: Kushwaha Vishal , Gupta Asha , Choudhary Ram Bilash , Mandal K. D. , Mondal Rakesh , Singh Preetam
Published: November 2022

The high charge storage capacity (1578 F g−1 at 1 A g−1) of β-NiS electrode is due to the superior intercalative (inner) charge storage coupled with the surface (outer) charges stored by the single phase β-NiS electrode.
Multi-functional palladium–ruthenium nanocomposites: an approach towards semi-hydrogenation catalysis and hydrogen sorption
Authors: Bhattacharya Chirasmita , Netam Kamla D. , Jagirdar Balaji R.
Published: November 2022

Nanocomposites of Pd–Ru as semi-hydrogenation catalysts: bimetallic nanocomposites exhibited excellent catalytic activity and selectivity for the semihydrogenation of phenyl acetylene and selective behaviour was analyzed by hydrogen sorption studies.
Radical-induced hetero-nuclear mixing and low-field 13C relaxation in solid pyruvic acid
Authors: Kouřilová Hana , Jurkutat Michael , Peat David , Kouřil Karel , Khan Alixander S. , Horsewill Anthony J. , MacDonald James F. , Owers-Bradley John , Meier Benno
Published: November 2022

Radicals are a polarization source in dynamic nuclear polarization at high field, but are known to act as polarization sink at low field. Here we show that at intermediate fields radicals can facilitate hetero-nuclear 1H–13C polarization transfer.
Porous organic polymers for CO2capture, separation and conversion
Authors: Song Kyung Seob , Fritz Patrick W. , Coskun Ali
Published: November 2022

This review highlights the recent advances in the development of porous organic polymers (POPs) for CO2capture, separation and conversion and evaluates their structural and textural features to outline design principles for efficient sorbents.
Facile synthesis of a high-efficiency NiFe bimetallic catalyst without pre-reduction for the selective hydrogenation reaction of furfural
Authors: Li Yucheng , Zhu Liyu , Zhao Jingyang , Qiu Mengjie , Liu Jing , He Jing , Wang Luying , Lei Jiandu , Tian Weiqian , Rong Long
Published: November 2022

A high-efficiency nickel–iron bimetallic catalyst (Ni3Fe1 alloy) was synthesized by a facile solvothermal reaction and directly used in furfural hydrogenation without pre-reduction.
Oxygen vacancies enhance the photocatalytic deep oxidation of NO over an N-doped KNbO3 catalyst
Authors: Song Xinjie , Jiang Wenjie , Cai Zehua , Chen Xun , Dai Wenxin , Fu Xianzhi
Published: November 2022

NO was adsorbed & activated at OVs over N-doped KNbO3, and then the formed N2O2− intermediates reacted with the ROS induced by visible light irradiation into NO2− and NO3−.
On the performance of a hierarchically porous Ag2S–CuxS electrode in Li-ion batteries
Authors: Tomov R. I. , Mihaylov L. , Bird L. R. , Vassileva Ev. , Kumar R. V. , Chhowalla M. , Spassov T.
Published: November 2022

A binder- and carbon-free 3D Ag–Cu–S electrode for lithium-ion batteries, exhibiting excellent cycling stability defined by the “displacement” reaction with Li ions.
Science and claims of the arena of food bioactives: comparison of drugs, nutrients, supplements, and nutraceuticals
Authors: Visioli Francesco
Published: November 2022

The scientific community and lay press are participating in a heated debate over the usefulness of food bioactives when used as dietary supplements.
Dietary intervention in depression – a review
Authors: Wu Tao , Liu Ran , Zhang Ling , Rifky Mohamed , Sui Wenjie , Zhu Qiaomei , Zhang Jiaojiao , Yin Jinjin , Zhang Min
Published: November 2022

Probiotics, micronutrients and other active substances by regulating the pathways such as tryptophan metabolism and inflammation showed significant antidepressant effects. These provide insights for developing antidepressant foods.
Decoration of graphene oxide nanosheets with carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel, silk fibroin and magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical and hyperthermia applications
Authors: Ghafori Gorab Mostafa , Aliabadi Hooman Aghamirza Moghim , Kashtiaray Amir , Mahdavi Mohammad , Bani Milad Salimi , Etminan Andisheh , Salehpour Nabi , Eivazzadeh-Keihan Reza , Maleki Ali
Published: November 2022

In this study, an efficient nanobiocomposite based on graphene oxide (GO), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogel, silk fibroin (SF), and Fe3O4 nanoparticles was synthesized.
Rational design of an ortho-vinylhydropyridine-assisted amino-fluorophore as a hypochlorite fluorescent probe
Authors: Chen Zhihua , Hu Yan , Ma Lili , Zhang Ziyi , Li Dandan , Liu Chuanxiang
Published: November 2022

A novel strategy for developing a hypochlorite fluorescent probe by exploiting the ortho-vinylhydropyridine-assisted amido-to-nitroso oxidation reaction is presented.
Chitosan-poly(m-phenylenediamine) membranes for efficient gold recovery from acidic aqueous solutions
Authors: Feng Zhongmin , Zhu Chuanyu , Meng Yupu , Wang Zhuqing
Published: November 2022

Selectively recovering gold from e-waste leaching solution using a novel chitosan-poly(m-phenylenediamine) membrane.
Rational regulation of acetylene adsorption and separation for ultra-microporous copper-1,2,4-triazolate frameworks by halogen hydrogen bonds
Authors: Li Hai-Peng , Dou Zhao-Di , Xiao Yi , Fan Guan-Jiang , Pan Dong-Chen , Hu Man-Cheng , Zhai Quan-Guo
Published: November 2022

A series of ultra-microporous copper(i)-1,2,4-triazolate frameworks exhibit moderate C2H2 uptake capacity, high C2H2/CO2 and C2H2/C2H4 separation ability, and remarkably lower isosteric heat of C2H2 adsorption regulated by halogen hydrogen bond.
Ru-promoted perovskites as effective redox catalysts for CO2 splitting and methane partial oxidation in a cyclic redox scheme
Authors: Iftikhar Sherafghan , Martin William , Wang Xijun , Liu Junchen , Gao Yunfei , Li Fanxing
Published: November 2022

The current study reports AxA′1−xByB′1−yO3−δ perovskite redox catalysts (RCs) for CO2-splitting and methane partial oxidation (POx) in a cyclic redox scheme.
Unique amorphous/crystalline heterophase coupling for an efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Bai Sitian , Mou Yiwei , Wan Jin , Wang Yanwei , Li Weibo , Zhang Huijuan , Luo Ping , Wang Yu
Published: November 2022

Designing amorphous/crystalline heterophase catalysts is still in the initial stage, and the study of amorphous/crystalline heterophase and carbon-free catalysts has not yet been realized.
Nucleation and growth of stacking-dependent nanopores in bilayer h-BN
Authors: Xu Tao , Tu Yizhi , Zhu Yatong , Shen Yuting , Yin Kuibo , Sun Litao
Published: November 2022

The nucleation and growth of stacking-dependent nanopores in bilayer hexagonal boron nitride under electron beam irradiation are presented at the atomic scale, which may shed light on the rational design and fabrication of nanopores.
Synthesis of fluorinated carbocyclic pyrimidine nucleoside analogues
Authors: Benckendorff Caecilie M. M. , Slyusarchuk Valentyna D. , Huang Ningwu , Lima Marcelo A. , Smith Mark , Miller Gavin J.
Published: November 2022

Synthesis of 6′-fluorinated carbauridine scaffolds enables access to related cytidine, ProTide and 2′-deoxy analogues, alongside preliminary exploration of their biological capabilities in cancer cell viability assays.
Oxidant free synthesis of α-pyronesviaan NHC-catalyzed [3 + 3] annulation of bromoenals with 2-chloro-1,3-diketones
Authors: Luo Cong , Xu Xinyi , Xu Jianfeng , Chen Xingkuan
Published: November 2022

An efficient protocol for the synthesis of 4,5,6-trisubstituted α-pyrones was developedviaan NHC-catalyzed [3 + 3] annulation between α-bromo enals and 2-chloro-1,3-diketones under oxidant-free conditions.
Diastereoselective synthesis of tetrahydropyranes via Ag(i)-initiated dimerization of cinnamyl ethers
Authors: Ruggeri Davide , Motti Elena , Della Ca’ Nicola , Maestri Giovanni
Published: November 2022

From simple linear cinnamyl ethers to complex tetrahydropyranes with high diastereocontrol via Ag(i) initiation of a cationic chain.
Towards panchromatic Fe(ii) NHC sensitizersviaHOMO inversion
Authors: Marri Anil Reddy , Marekha Bogdan , Penfold Thomas , Haacke Stefan , Gros Philippe C.
Published: November 2022

Fused polythiophenes attached to Fe(ii)NHC complexes induced a mixing of the t2gand π HOMO orbitals promoting 80 nm red-shift of the MLCT transition, 3 fold increase of the molar extinction coefficient and3MLCT excited state lifetime up to 18 ps.
Cobalt-catalyzed asymmetric phospha-Michael reaction of diarylphosphine oxides for the synthesis of chiral organophosphorus compounds
Authors: Yu Xu-Hui , Lu Liang-Qiu , Zhang Zhi-Han , Shi De-Qing , Xiao Wen-Jing
Published: November 2022

A cobalt-catalyzed imidazolyl-directed asymmetric phospha-Michael-type reaction for synthesizing chiral organophosphorus compounds is presented. This protocol features broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and mild conditions.
Flute-type porous carbon derived from soybean shells for high-performance all-solid-state symmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Wu Yan , Wang Yan , Pan Le , Wu Xiao Ran
Published: November 2022

Flute type porous carbon is successfully derived from soybean shell through a convenient method. The porous carbon shows good electrochemical properties as an electrode material for supercapacitors.
Recent advances of organic polymers for zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Yue , Li Gaopeng , Wang Xinlu , Deng Jianxue , Yu Wensheng , Liu Guixia , Yang Ying , Dong Xiangting , Wang Jinxian , Liu Dongtao
Published: November 2022

This review describes the challenges of rechargeable Zn anodes and presents a comprehensive overview of the latest progress for organic polymers in constructing anode protective layers and developing polymer electrolytes.
Structure and flow conditions through a colloidal packed bed formed under flow and confinement
Authors: Delouche N. , Dersoir B. , Schofield A. B. , Tabuteau H.
Published: November 2022

Two accumulations of particles in a confined pore under the same conditions.
Constructing FePSe3–FeSe2 heterojunctions uniformly in a Ketjen black carbon matrix for superior potassium ion batteries
Authors: Chen Bi-Cui , Lu Xian , Zhong Hou-Yang , Huang Pei-Wen , Wu Ya-Nan , Xu Si-Yu , Du Ke-Zhao , Wu Xiao-Hui
Published: November 2022

An FePSe3–FeSe2 lateral heterojunction homogeneously dispersed in Ketjen black carbon exhibits excellent potassium storage properties.
A highly stable CsPbBr3–SiO2glass ceramic film sintered on a sapphire plate for laser-driven projection displays
Authors: Sun Jiamin , Lu Zhentong , Liu Yi , Zheng Dongwei , Li Juqing , Jin Lei , Zhang Jiayu , Zhang Haoran , Liu Yingliang , Zhang Xuejie , Lei Bingfu
Published: November 2022

A narrow band and stable CsPbBr3light converter was elaborately designed for laser-driven projection displays.
Voice Disorders in Children With Cleft Lip/Palate and Other Craniofacial Conditions
Authors: Braden Maia N.
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

This clinical focus article aims to provide speech-language pathologists (SLPs) working in cleft palate and craniofacial clinics with a review of the etiologies of pediatric voice disorders and the overlap with cleft lip and palate, craniofacial anomalies, and resonance disorders. It describes the recommended components of a voice evaluation and the relevance of this to the cleft palate and craniofacial clinic.

Method:

Literature on pediatric voice disorders and incidence in populations with cleft palate and craniofacial anomalies is reviewed. The recommended protocols for voice evaluation are described, and special considerations for the cleft palate and craniofacial team are discussed.

Results:

There are many different etiologies of voice disorders in children, and although the incidence of voice disorders is not necessarily higher in children with cleft palate than in the general population, there are some overlapping risk factors.

Conclusions:

SLPs working in cleft palate–craniofacial clinics should be aware of the etiologies and presentation of voice disorders. They can identify potential voice disorders and initiate referrals to a specialized team as appropriate to ensure optimal evaluation and treatment.
Sun toughness and path-factor uniform graphs
Authors: Liu Hongxia
Published: November 2022

A path-factor is a spanning subgraphFofGsuch that each component ofFis a path of order at least two. Letkbe an integer withk ≥ 2. AP≥k-factor is a spanning subgraph ofGwhose components are paths of order at leastk. A graphGis called aP≥k-factor covered graph if for any edgeeofG,Gadmits aP≥k-factor coveringe. A graphGis called aP≥k-factor uniform graph if for any two distinct edgese1ande2ofG,Ghas aP≥k-factor coveringe1and excludinge2. In this article, we claim that (1) a 4-edge-connected graphGis aP≥3-factor uniform graph if its sun toughnesss(G) ≥ 1; (2) a 4-connected graphGis aP≥3-factor uniform graph if its sun toughnesss(G)>4/5.
Stereotypes, disproportions, and power asymmetries in the visual portrayal of migrants in ten countries: an interdisciplinary AI-based approach
Authors: Olier Juan Sebastian , Spadavecchia Camilla
Published: November 2022

The visual portrayal of social groups in media reinforces stereotypes and narratives, potentially leading to discriminatory actions and policies. That is particularly true for underrepresented or stigmatized groups such as migrants and is a phenomenon that varies per country. Therefore, studying the representation of migrants requires analyzing considerable amounts of visual data from different locations. This work addresses that challenge with an interdisciplinary approach characterizing the visual portrayal of migrants using Deep Learning techniques and analyzing results through the lenses of migration and gender studies. Images associated with migrants found on the internet through a search engine and from ten countries are processed to quantify and analyze the demographic and emotional information of the people portrayed. An intersectional approach is employed regarding gender, age, physical features, and emotions. The general group “migrants” is compared with the specific groups “refugees” and “expats”. Results suggest that portrayals predominantly focus on asylum seekers and associate them with poverty and risks for host societies. Moreover, the demographics in the portrayals do not match the official statistics. For expats, an over-representation of “white” and an under-representation of “asian” faces were found, while for migrants and refugees, depictions align with the demographics of low-skilled migrants. Furthermore, results evidence the power struggle underlying the “expat vs. migrant” dichotomy and its inherent colonial nature. The emotions displayed are predominantly negative and align with emotional and gender stereotypes literature. Positive emotions are more associated with women than men, and with expats than refugees and migrants. Previous results regarding the under-representation of migrant women in media are confirmed. Also, women are portrayed as younger than men, and expat women are the youngest. Children appear more in pictures associated with refugees and migrants than with expats. Likewise, migrants are often depicted as crowds, but when that is not the case, migrant and refugee women appear in larger groups than men. A higher proportion of images associated with expats do not contain people. All these effects, however, differ per location. Finally, we suggest future directions and analyze possible limitations of automatic visual content analysis using existing Deep Learning models.
Phase transformations and magnetostriction in Fe100−xGax bulk alloys
Authors: Coïsson Marco , Dakmak N’Dri Kouassi , Diallo Lindor , Olivetti Elena S. , Martino Luca , Sasso Carlo P. , Celegato Federica , Barrera Gabriele , Pasquale Massimo , Rizzi Paola , Malandrino Mery , Nakonechna Olha , Cuvilly Fabien , Tiberto Paola , Juraszek Jean , Bahamida Saïda , Fnidiki Abdeslem
Published: November 2022

Fe–Ga alloys, containing 18, 21, and 23 at.% of Ga, were prepared in bulk form. In their as-cast state, they display a small magnetostriction, that is strongly improved after annealing at 1000 °C for 24 h, and subsequent rapid cooling. Multiple characterization techniques, such as x-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, Mössbauer spectroscopy, temperature-dependent magnetization curves, hysteresis loops, magnetic force microscopy, and magnetostriction measurements, were exploited in synergy to gain a deep understanding of the structure–property relationships in the studied alloys, before and after annealing. The A2 phase, which is favored in the lower range of compositions and is promoted at the expense of the D03 one by annealing, is responsible for characteristic dendritic and maze magnetic domains, and for the strong improvement of the magnetostriction, which almost reaches 240 ppm (transverse configuration) in the alloys with 18 at.% of Ga, after annealing.
X-ray-imaging spectrometer (XRIS) for studies of residual kinetic energy and low-mode asymmetries in inertial confinement fusion implosions at OMEGA (invited)
Authors: Adrian P. J. , Bachmann B. , Betti R. , Birkel A. , Heuer P. V. , Johnson M. Gatu , Kabadi N. V. , Knauer J. P. , Kunimune J. , Li C. K. , Mannion O. M. , Petrasso R. D. , Regan S. P. , Rinderknecht H. G. , Stoeckl C. , Séguin F.H. , Sorce A. , Shah R. C. , Sutcliffe G. D. , Frenje J. A.
Published: November 2022

A system of x-ray imaging spectrometer (XRIS) has been implemented at the OMEGA Laser Facility and is capable of spatially and spectrally resolving x-ray self-emission from 5 to 40 keV. The system consists of three independent imagers with nearly orthogonal lines of sight for 3D reconstructions of the x-ray emission region. The distinct advantage of the XRIS system is its large dynamic range, which is enabled by the use of tantalum apertures with radii ranging from 50 μm to 1 mm, magnifications of 4 to 35×, and image plates with any filtration level. In addition, XRIS is capable of recording 1–100’s images along a single line of sight, facilitating advanced statistical inference on the detailed structure of the x-ray emitting regions. Properties such as P0 and P2 of an implosion are measured to 1% and 10% precision, respectively. Furthermore, Te can be determined with 5% accuracy.
Neutron emission spectrometer to measure ion temperature on the Fusion Demonstration Plant
Authors: Carle P. J. F. , Retière F. , Sher A. , Underwood R. , Starosta K. , Hildebrand M. , Barsky S. , Howard S.
Published: November 2022

General Fusion is building the Fusion Demonstration Plant to demonstrate a magnetized target fusion scheme in which a deuterium plasma is heated from 200 eV to 10 keV by piston-driven compression of a liquid-lithium liner. The multilayer coaxial time-of-flight neutron emission spectrometer is designed to measure the ion temperature near peak compression at which time the neutron yield will approach 1018 neutrons/s. The neutron energy distribution is expected to be Gaussian since the machine uses no neutral beam or radio-frequency heating. In this case, analysis shows that as few as 500 coincidence events should be sufficient to accurately measure the ion temperature. This enables a fast time resolution of 10 µs, which is required to track the rapid change in temperature approaching peak compression. We overcome the challenges of neutron pile-up and event ambiguity with a compact design having two layers of segmented scintillators. The error in the ion temperature measurement is computed as a function of the neutron spectrometer’s geometric parameters and used to optimize the design for the case of reaching 10 keV at peak compression.
Modification of the model of charging dielectrics under electron beam irradiation
Authors: Rau E. I. , Tatarintsev A. A.
Published: November 2022

In this paper, a number of drawbacks and contradictions of the existing models of charging dielectric targets under irradiation with defocused electron beams of moderate energies (0.2–20 keV) are briefly noted. In order to streamline and coordinate all experimental results and theoretical information concerning the phenomenon of charging under electron irradiation, it was necessary to reconsider some postulates of the standard model based on a simple dependence of the electron emission coefficient σ on irradiating electron energy E0. It is shown that the decisive role in establishing the equilibrium state of charging dielectrics is played by not only establishing the equilibrium value σ = 1, but also by reaching a certain critical value of the field Fin in the near-surface area of the target. This field is due to the generation of the two-layer bipolar distribution of charges. It enhances the electron emission owing to increasing the depth at which secondary electrons emerge and also owing to the previously neglected contribution of primary thermalized electrons. As a result, there occurs a fundamental transformation of the dependence of the total electron emission coefficient σc for a charged dielectric on the energy of primary electrons as compared to the case of an uncharged dielectric. Consequently, the value of the equilibrium energy E2C, at which σ = 1, is changed. It is established that times of reaching equilibrium states for electron emission δ(t) and for surface potentials Vs(t) may differ by orders of magnitude. Also, the charging kinetics is significantly affected by the process of radiation-induced formation of defects in the irradiated dielectric, which results in two charging time constants—fast and long-term ones.
Prediction of 2D ferromagnetic metal VNI monolayer with tunable topological properties
Authors: Zhu Yu , Xu Shaowen , Chen Taikang , Cheng Xuli , Fang Le , Hu Shunbo , Hu Tao , Jia Fanhao , Gao Heng , Ren Wei
Published: November 2022

Two-dimensional ferromagnetic topological semi-metals have attracted much interest owing to their fascinating spintronic applications. Using first-principles calculations, we propose a stable transition metal nitrogen halide compound, namely, VNI monolayer, to display intrinsic ferromagnetism with high Curie temperature TC (∼510 K) and strong out-of-plane magnetism. It is found to be a topological Weyl nodal line material, which can be fully spin-polarized by controlling the on-site Coulomb interaction. Its nodal line can be destroyed by orienting the magnetization axis. Additionally, biaxial strain enables efficient tuning of the magnetic properties by switching the easy magnetic axis from an out-of-plane to in-plane direction with an enhanced TC to 540 K. These results highlight the great application potential of a VNI monolayer in low-dimensional topological magnets.
Experimental observation of higher-order anapoles in individual silicon disks under in-plane illumination
Authors: Díaz-Escobar Evelyn , Barreda Ángela I. , Griol Amadeu , Martínez Alejandro
Published: November 2022

Anapole states—characterized by a strong suppression of far-field scattering—naturally arise in high-index nanoparticles as a result of the interference between certain multipolar moments. Recently, the first-order electric anapole, resulting from the interference between the electric and toroidal dipoles, was characterized under in-plane illumination as required in on-chip photonics. Here, we go a step further and report on the observation of higher-order (magnetic and second-order electric) anapole states in individual silicon disks under in-plane illumination. To do so, we increase the disk dimensions (radius and thickness) so that such anapoles occur at telecom wavelengths. Experiments show dips in the far-field scattering perpendicular to the disk plane at the expected wavelengths and the selected polarizations, which we interpret as a signature of high-order anapoles. Some differences between normal and in-plane excitation are discussed, in particular, the non-cancelation of the sum of the Cartesian electric and toroidal moments for in-plane incidence. Our results pave the way toward the use of different anapole states in photonic integrated circuits either on silicon or other high-index dielectric materials.
GPU-accelerated approximate kernel method for quantum machine learning
Authors: Browning Nicholas J. , Faber Felix A. , Anatole von Lilienfeld O.
Published: November 2022

We introduce Quantum Machine Learning (QML)-Lightning, a PyTorch package containing graphics processing unit (GPU)-accelerated approximate kernel models, which can yield trained models within seconds. QML-Lightning includes a cost-efficient GPU implementation of FCHL19, which together can provide energy and force predictions with competitive accuracy on a microsecond per atom timescale. Using modern GPU hardware, we report learning curves of energies and forces as well as timings as numerical evidence for select legacy benchmarks from atomistic simulation including QM9, MD-17, and 3BPA.