bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smart Electric Mobility Operating System Integrated with Off-Grid Solar Power Plants in Tanzania: Vision and Trial Run
Authors: Rhee Hyop-Seung , Im Hyuck-Soon , Manongi Frank Andrew , Shin Young-In , Song Ho-Won , Jung Woo-Kyun , Ahn Sung-Hoon
Published: November 2021

To respond to the threat of global warming, countries around the world are promoting the spread of renewable energy and reduction of carbon emissions. In accordance with the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal to combat climate change and its impacts, global automakers are pushing for a full transition to electric vehicles within the next 10 years. Electric vehicles can be a useful means for reducing carbon emissions, but in order to reduce carbon generated in the stage of producing electricity for charging, a power generation system using eco-friendly renewable energy is required. In this study, we propose a smart electric mobility operating system integrated with off-grid solar power plants established in Tanzania, Africa. By applying smart monitoring and communication functions based on Arduino-based computing devices, information such as remaining battery capacity, battery status, location, speed, altitude, and road conditions of an electric vehicle or electric motorcycle is monitored. In addition, we present a scenario that communicates with the surrounding independent solar power plant infrastructure to predict the drivable distance and optimize the charging schedule and route to the destination. The feasibility of the proposed system was verified through test runs of electric motorcycles. In considering local environmental characteristics in Tanzania for the operation of the electric mobility system, factors such as eco-friendliness, economic feasibility, ease of operation, and compatibility should be weighed. The smart electric mobility operating system proposed in this study can be an important basis for implementing the SDGs' climate change response.
Application of Seawater Plant Technology for supporting the Achievement of SDGs in Tarawa, Kiribati
Authors: Choi Mi-Yeon , Ji Ho , Lee Ho-Saeng , Moon Deok-Soo , Kim Hyeon-Ju
Published: November 2021

Pacific island countries, including Kiribati, are suffering from a shortage of essential resources as well as a reduction in their living space due to sea level rise and coastal erosion from climate change, groundwater pollution and vegetation changes. Global activities to solve these problems are being progressed by the UN's efforts to implement SDGs. Pacific island countries can adapt to climate change by using abundant marine resources. In other words, seawater plants can assist in achieving SDGs #2, #6 and #7 based on SDGs #14 in these Pacific island countries. Under the auspice of Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA), Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering (KRISO) established the Sustainable Seawater Utilization Academy (SSUA) in 2016, and its 30 graduates formed the SSUA Kiribati Association in 2017. The Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF) of the Republic of Korea awarded ODA fund to the Association. By taking advantage of seawater resource and related plants, it was able to provide drinking water and vegetables to the local community from 2018 to 2020. Among the various fields of education and practice provided by SSUA, the Association hope to realize hydroponic cultivation and seawater desalination as a self-support project through a pilot project. To this end, more than 140 households are benefiting from 3-stage hydroponics, and a seawater desalination system in connection with solar power generation was installed for operation. The Association grows and supplies vegetable seedlings from the provided seedling cultivation equipment, and is preparing to convert to self-support business from next year. The satisfaction survey shows that Tarawa residents have a high degree of satisfaction with the technical support and its benefits. In the future, it is hoped that SSUA and regional associations will be distributed to neighboring island countries to support their SDGs implementations.
Evidence-based Medical Leadership Development: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lyon Oscar
Published: November 2021

1Alexander Mafi, 2Oscar Lyons, 3Robynne George, 4Joao Galante, 5Thomas Fordwoh, 6Jan Frich,7Jaason Geerts

1University of Oxford, UK, 2University of Oxford, UK, 3Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust,4Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK, 5University of Oxford, UK, 6University of Oslo,Norway, 7Canadian College of Health Leaders, Ottawa, Canada

 

Health systems invest significant resources in leadership development for physicians and other health professionals. Competent leadership is considered vital for maintaining and improving quality and patient safety. We carried out this systematic review to synthesise new empirical evidence regarding medical leadership development programme factors which are associated with outcomes at the clinical and organisational levels.

117 studies were included in this systematic review. 28 studies met criteria for higher reliability studies. The median critical appraisal score according to the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument for quantitative studies was 8.5/18 and the median critical appraisal score according to the Jonna Briggs Institute checklist for qualitative studies was 3/10. There were recurring causes of low study quality scores related to study design, data analysis and reporting. There was considerable heterogeneity in intervention design and evaluation design. Programmes with internal or mixed faculty were significantly more likely to report organisational outcomes than programmes with external faculty only (p=0.049). Project work and mentoring increased the likelihood of organisational outcomes. No leadership development content area was particularly associated with organisational outcomes.

In leadership development programmes in healthcare, external faculty should be used to supplement in-house faculty and not be a replacement for in-house expertise. To facilitate organisational outcomes, interventions should include project work and mentoring. Educational methods appear to be more important for organisational outcomes than specific curriculum content. Improving evaluation design will allow educators and evaluators to more effectively understand factors which are reliably associated with organisational outcomes of leadership development.
Facial Modelling and Animation: An Overview of The State-of-The Art
Authors: Shakir Samia , Al-Azza Ali
Published: November 2021

Animating human face presents interesting challenges because of its familiarity as the face is the part utilized to recognize individuals. This paper reviewed the approaches used in facial modeling and animation and described their strengths and weaknesses. Realistic face animation of computer graphic models of human faces can be hard to achieve as a result of the many details that should be approximated in producing realistic facial expressions. Many methods have been researched to create more and more accurate animations that can efficiently represent human faces. We described the techniques that have been utilized to produce realistic facial animation. In this survey, we roughly categorized the facial modeling and animation approach into the following classes: blendshape or shape interpolation, parameterizations, facial action coding system-based approaches, moving pictures experts group-4 facial animation, physics-based muscle modeling, performance driven facial animation, visual speech animation.
Constraints on Optical Emission of FAST-detected FRB 20181130B with GWAC Synchronized Observations
Authors: Xin L. P. , Li H. L. , Wang J. , Han X. H. , Qiu Y. L. , Cai H. B. , Niu C. H. , Lu X. M. , Liang E. W. , Dai Z. G. , Wang X. G. , Wang X. Y. , Huang L. , Wu C. , Li G. W. , Feng Q. C. , Deng J. S. , Sun S. S. , Yang Y. G. , Wei J. Y.
Published: November 2021

Multiwavelength simultaneous observations are essential to the constraints on the origin of fast radio bursts (FRBs). However, it is a significant observational challenge due to the nature of FRBs as transients with a radio millisecond duration, which occur randomly in the sky regardless of time and position. Here, we report the search for short-time fast optical bursts in the Ground-based Wide Angle Camera (GWAC) archived data associated with FRB 20181130B, which were detected by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope and recently reported. No new credible sources were detected in all single GWAC images with an exposure time of 10 s, including images with coverage of the expected arrival time in optical wavelength by taking the high dispersion measurements into account. Our results provide a limiting magnitude of 15.43 ± 0.04 mag in the R band, corresponding to a flux density of 1.66 Jy or 8.35 mag in AB system by assuming that the duration of the optical band is similar to that of the radio band of about 10 ms. This limiting magnitude makes the spectral index of α < 0.367 from optical to radio wavelength. The possible existence of longer-duration optical emission was also investigated with upper limits of 0.33 Jy (10.10 mag), 1.74 mJy (15.80 mag), and 0.16 mJy (18.39 mag) for the durations of 50 ms, 10 s, and 6060 s, respectively. This undetected scenario could be partially attributed to the shallow detection capability, as well as the high inferred distance of FRB 20181130B and the low fluence in radio wavelength. The future detectability of optical flashes associated with nearby and bright FRBs are also discussed in this paper.
The Flare and Warp of the Young Stellar Disk Traced with LAMOST DR5 OB-type Stars
Authors: Yu 于 Yang 扬 , Wang 王 Hai-Feng 海峰 , Cui 崔 Wen-Yuan 文元 , Li 李 Lin-Lin 林林 , Liu 刘 Chao 超 , Zhang 章 Bo 博 , Tian 田 Hao 浩 , Huo 霍 Zhen-Yan 振燕 , Ju 巨 Jie 洁 , Liu 柳 Zhi-Cun 志存 , Wen 温 Fang 芳 , Feng 冯 Shuai 帅
Published: November 2021

We present an analysis of the spatial density structure for the outer disk from 8–14 kpc with the LAMOST DR5 13,534 OB-type stars and observe similar flaring on the north and south sides of the disk, implying that the flaring structure is symmetrical about the Galactic plane, for which the scale height at different Galactocentric distances is from 0.14 to 0.5 kpc. By using the average slope to characterize the flaring strength, we find that the thickness of the OB stellar disk is similar but that flaring is slightly stronger compared to the thin disk as traced by red giant branch stars, possibly implying that secular evolution is not the main contributor to the flaring but rather perturbation scenarios such as interactions with passing dwarf galaxies could be possible. When comparing the scale height of the OB stellar disk on the north and south sides with the gas disk, the former one is slightly thicker than the latter one by ≈33 and 9 pc, meaning that one could tentatively use young OB-type stars to trace the gas properties. Meanwhile, we determine that the radial scale length of the young OB stellar disk is 1.17 ± 0.05 kpc, which is shorter than that of the gas disk, confirming that the gas disk is more extended than the stellar disk. What is more, by considering the midplane displacements (Z
0) in our density model we find that almost all values of Z
0 are within 100 pc, with an increasing trend as Galactocentric distance increases.
On the Issue of the Origin of Type II Solar Radio Bursts
Authors: Chernov Gennady , Fomichev Valery
Published: November 2021

Type II solar radio bursts are among the most powerful events in the solar radio emission in the meter wavelength range. It is generally accepted that the agents generating type II radio bursts are magnetohydrodynamic shock waves. But the relationship between the shock waves and the other manifestations of the large-scale disturbances in the solar atmosphere (coronal mass ejections, Morton waves, EUW waves) remains unclear. To clarify a problem, it is important to determine the conditions of generation of type II radio bursts. Here, the model of the radio source is based on the generation of radio emission within the front of the collisionless shock wave where the Buneman instability of plasma waves is developed. In the frame of this model, the Alfvén magnetic Mach number must exceed the critical value, and there is a strict restriction on the perpendicularity of the front. The model allows us to obtain the information about the parameters of the shock waves and the parameters of the medium by the parameters of type II bursts. The estimates, obtained in this paper for several events with the band splitting of the fundamental and harmonic emission bands of the type II bursts, confirm the necessary conditions of the model. In this case the registration of type II radio bursts is an indication of the propagation of shock waves in the solar atmosphere, and the absence of type II radio bursts is not an indication of the absence of shock waves. Such a situation should be taken into account when investigating the relationship between type II radio bursts and other manifestations of solar activity.
Are Compton-thin AGNs Globally Compton Thin?
Authors: Tzanavaris P. , Yaqoob T. , LaMassa S. , Ptak A. , Yukita M.
Published: November 2021

We select eight nearby active galactic nuclei (AGNs) which, based on previous work, appear to be Compton-thin in the line of sight. We model with mytorus their broadband X-ray spectra from 20 individual observations with Suzaku, accounting self-consistently for Fe Kα line emission, as well as direct and scattered continuum from matter with finite column density and solar Fe abundance. Our model configuration allows us to measure the global, out of the line of sight, equivalent hydrogen column density separately from that in the line of sight. For 5 out of 20 observations (in 3 AGNs) we find that the global column density is in fact ≳1.5 × 1024 cm−2, consistent with the distant scattering matter being Compton-thick. For a fourth AGN, two out of five observations are also consistent with being Compton-thick, although with large errors. Some of these AGNs have been reported to host relativistically broadened Fe Kα emission. Based on our modeling, the Fe Kα emission line is not resolved in all but two Suzaku observations, and the data can be fitted well with models that only include a narrow Fe Kα emission line.
Application of high-intensity laser in pain treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Koevska Valentina , Nikolic-Dimitrova Erieta , Mitrevska Biljana , Gjerakaroska-Savevska Cvetanka , Gocevska Marija , Kalcovska Biljana
Published: November 2021

Osteoarthritis is a rheumatic disease characterized by degeneration and decay of cartilage in the joints. As the disease worsens, the joint space narrows causing numbness and pain, which often impairs movement. In addition to pharmacological therapy, low-intensity laser (LILT), high-intensity laser (HILT) and exercise are used to treat osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. HILT is a new modality in our country and the experience from its application is small, especially in the treatment of OA of the knee. Aim of the paper was to compare the effect of HILT with LILT in the treatment of OA of the knee. Material and methods: This was a randomized comparative unilateral blind study involving 72 patients divided into two groups. The first group was treated with HILT, the second group treated with LILT. Outcome measure was the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, which was made on the first and tenth day of treatment. Statistical significance was defined as p <0.05. Results: We found a significant difference between the two groups in terms of VAS score after 10 therapies  in favor to a significantly lower score, that is, less pain in the HILT group (p = 0.0035). The comparison of the VAS score between the two times in the two groups separately showed that in both, the HILT and the LILT groups, the VAS score after 10 days of therapy was significantly lower compared to thatat 0 time, for consequently p = 0.00001vsp = 0.00001. Conclusion: Treatment with HILT and LILT significantly reduces pain and stiffness in patients with OA. Patients treated with HILT had better results, i.e., had a significant reduction in pain than patients treated with LILT. HILT was more effective than LILT.
Depth of the field. Bystanders’ art, forensic art practice and non-sites of memory
Authors: Janus Aleksandra , Sendyka Roma
Published: November 2021

Abandoned sites of trauma often become objects of art-based research. The forensic turn offered artists the requisite tools to approach uncommemorated post-violence sites to interact with their human and non-human actors. The usage of artistic methods allows us to inspect nondiscursive archives and retrieve information otherwise unavailable. The new wave of “forensic art” joins the efforts of post-war artists to respond to sites of mass killings. In the post-war era, sites of trauma were presented as (implicated)landscapes, or unhospitableterrains. The tendency to narrow space to the site and to contract the perspective is continued today by visual artists entering difficult memory grounds, looking down, inspecting the ground with a “forensic gaze”. A set of examples of such artistic endeavors, following the research projectUncommemorated Genocide Sites and Their Impact on Collective Memory, Cultural Identity, Ethical Attitudes and Intercultural Relations in Contemporary Poland(2016–2020) is discussed as “bystanders’ art.”
Vernacular historical practices on Holocaust non-sites of memory in Poland
Authors: Muchowski Jakub
Published: November 2021

The approach employed by memory activists to sites of memory often involves historical practices. This paper presents the results of the examination of historical practices undertaken in locations of Holocaust violence during World War II and the disposal of victims’ remains that were not memorialised properly according to local residents or other groups with an interest in the sites’ past. The analysed practices were observed in the course of field research in various locations in Poland. The goal of the research was to describe these practices, discuss their critical potential, and indicate their distinct features as activities pertaining to contested sites of memory. A central tool for approaching this task is found in concepts of “non-site of memory” and “vernacular historian” as introduced to the debate by Claude Lanzmann and Lyle Dick. As a result, the article presents the cases of four vernacular historians whose practices are experimental combinations of the components of the work of professional historians and ways of working conditioned by local cultural environments, individual experience and commitment to communal life. Although vernacular history is sometimes considered of little value by academic historians, the research shows that the practices in question have the potential to produce new, socially relevant knowledge. Two distinct features of vernacular historical practices in non-sites of memory were observed: these unmarked sites of burial attract activists and prompt them to undertake historical practices; vernacular historians of these locations often undertake unconventional, sometimes experimental activities..
The first troglobitic Pseudochthonius Balzan, 1892 (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from the karst area of Serra do Ramalho, Brazil: a threatened species
Authors: Assis Leonardo de , von Schimonsky Diego Monteiro , Bichuette Maria Elina
Published: November 2021

Pseudochthonius ramalhosp. nov. is described to Gruna do Vandercir cave, in the Serra do Ramalho karst area, southwestern Bahia, Brazil. This area has an extensive limestone outcrop, with several caves, and the occurrence of potential minerals that are financially attractive for mining projects. The new species shows troglomorphic characteristics such as the depigmentation of the carapace and absence or reduction of eyes. It is a rare troglobitic species, and following the criteria of IUCN, we categorized the species as Critically Endangered – CR, IUCN criteria B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii). According to Brazilian legislation, locations, where critically endangered species live, can be protected by law, and we consider this cave/region to be of maximal relevance for protection.
Whose schools are they, anyway? A review essay
Authors: Wrigley Terry , Little Gawain
Published: November 2021

This review essay brings together reflections on four recent books about the current state of England's school system, how this was brought about and what might be a road to recovery. The books have some overlapping themes such as the academy system, testing, accountability and central
political control, but interesting differences of approach; however, all of them raise fundamental questions about system change and the quality of young people's education. The conclusion consolidates and extends the theories from the four books with the aim of enhancing a clear understanding
for education campaigners and finding ways forward. Both authors have been actively involved in building Reclaiming Schools, a research network established to underpin the work of the NEU, parents and other activists through reliable knowledge (see reclaimingschools. org). The Reclaiming Schools
website has regularly drawn on the work of several of these books' authors. Full publication details for each book addressed in the review essay can be found at the end.
Evaluation of different strategic planning approaches in a forest plantation in the North of Misiones Province, Argentina
Authors: Broz Diego ,   Universidad Nacional de Misiones, CONICET, FCF, N3382GDD, Eldorado, Misiones, Argentina, López Mathías , Sanzovo Enzo , Arce Julio , Reis Hugo ,   Universidad Nacional de Misiones, FCF, N3382GDD, Eldorado, Misiones, Argentina,   Universidad Federal de Paraná, DECIF, 80210170, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil,   Pindó SA, Jefe de Área Forestal, 3378, Puerto Esperanza, Misiones, Argentina
Published: November 2021

In this paper we evaluate different models and constraints to define strategic planning approaches. In addition, we analyze the best models to meet the expectations generated by the organization. A forest company situated in the province of Misiones, Argentina, provided the data. Hence, forest growth was simulated and, ultimately, optimized planning was used to evaluate different scenarios with 50-year horizon. The best results to stabilize log production were obtained when the harvest is relaxed in ±2 years. Relaxing the clear-cut age leads to a better balance in planting, thinning (1, 2, 3 and 4) and clear felling operations. We found that when maximizing the economic benefit, the NPV is slightly higher, however, this is not significant. In this sense, the planner chooses an economic or volumetric objective function. Furthermore, we demonstrated that model 1 presented better results than model 2 because it manages to stabilize production in the planning horizon. The results allow forest companies to see the implication of choosing the model for strategic planning.
Federated personalized random forest for human activity recognition
Authors: Liu Songfeng ,   Guangxi Key Lab of Multi-source Information Mining and Security, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China, Wang Jinyan , Zhang Wenliang ,   College of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
Published: November 2021

User data usually exists in the organization or own local equipment in the form of data island. It is difficult to collect these data to train better machine learning models because of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and other laws. The emergence of federated learning enables users to jointly train machine learning models without exposing the original data. Due to the fast training speed and high accuracy of random forest, it has been applied to federated learning among several data institutions. However, for human activity recognition task scenarios, the unified model cannot provide users with personalized services. In this paper, we propose a privacy-protected federated personalized random forest framework, which considers to solve the personalized application of federated random forest in the activity recognition task. According to the characteristics of the activity recognition data, the locality sensitive hashing is used to calculate the similarity of users. Users only train with similar users instead of all users and the model is incrementally selected using the characteristics of ensemble learning, so as to train the model in a personalized way. At the same time, user privacy is protected through differential privacy during the training stage. We conduct experiments on commonly used human activity recognition datasets to analyze the effectiveness of our model.
Insondabilidad, existencia colectiva, imaginación del pueblo: ontología de lo político y teoría de la sociedad en Helmuth Plessner
Authors: Delitz Heike , Lavernia Kilian
Published: November 2021

El artículo propone una relectura de Poder y naturaleza humana de Helmuth Plessner, de 1931, como una teoría de la sociedad posfundacional avant la lettre, en una línea similar a los posteriores trabajos de Claude Lefort, Ernesto Laclau y Chantal Mouffe; o, también, relee este ensayo como una “ontología” de lo político. Después de introducir algunos comentarios sobre el debate histórico en el que Plessner quiso intervenir (1), se pasará a reconstruir su teoría de lo político desde tres categorías: “insondabilidad”, el afuera constitutivo y la vulnerabilidad del cuerpo humano (2). En un tercer y último paso, se discutirá y reactualizará la categoría de lo político más central y problemática de Plessner: la “existencia popular”. No en vano, el “pueblo” es visibilizado como una noción central para las teorías posfundacionales de la democracia moderna, ya que, más allá del “individuo”, se trata de uno de los fundamentos imaginarios, uno de los afueras fundantes de un colectivo democráticamente instituido.
Cannabis use, Attitudes, Regulation and Health: Survey Data from an Urban Population of users and Non-Users
Authors: Znoj Hansjörg , Genrich Gregor , Zeller Céline , Koroma Dennis
Published: November 2021

Background

Although illegal in most countries, cannabis remains the most common illicit drug in Switzerland and worldwide. While there is growing evidence on adverse effects of cannabis use, most users do not report any problems or negative consequences. In the face of a sustained high prevalence of cannabis use and the recent legalization waves in different parts of the world, it is important to know how cannabis is perceived in the general population and how current users regulate their own use. The present study aims to investigate users’ and non-users’ attitudes towards cannabis regulations and towards current users. Additionally, self-rated health measures as well as protective behavioral strategies and other cannabis related variables were assessed.

Design and methods

We collected data from 380 current users and 659 non-users who were recruited by invitation letter or online media platforms. The data was analyzed using basic descriptive statistical procedures.

Results

Results revealed that both groups favor moderate cannabis regulation measures over prohibition and no regulation at all. On average, they report the same subjective health. Protective strategies are often used and are associated with better health and lower severity of dependence in cannabis users.

Conclusions

Taken together, results indicate that safe use of cannabis is possible for most users, while there is a group of users at risk of 15-20%, which may benefit from control by regulatory measures.
Complete immunization coverage among children aged between 18 and 23 months in the rural area of Mon State, Myanmar
Authors: Htike Aung Z. , Myint Aung San San , Oo Win Myint
Published: November 2021

Objective:

To access complete immunization coverage among children aged 18-23 months living in the rural area of Mon State, Myanmar, and study the affecting factors.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural area of Mon State in 2017. Totally 353 caregivers who had children aged 18 to 23 months were selected using multistage random sampling. Face-to-face interview was applied in data collection. Complete immunization status was defined according to the current practice of routine immunization in Myanmar. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were utilized in data analysis.

Results:

Most of the caregivers were mothers (86.1%). Among 353 children, 293 [83% (95% CI 79.1-86.9)] had been immunized completely. The majority of caregivers had good levels of knowledge (77.1%) and attitude (71.4%) towards routine immunization. Some children (17.6%) had minor adverse events after immunization such as fever, pain and redness at the site of vaccination. Caregivers’ knowledge and attitude towards immunization, and the occurrence of adverse events after immunization in previous immunization session were significantly related to the status of complete immunization coverage (P<0.001).

Conclusions:

Complete immunization coverage among children living in the rural area of Mon State stands at 83% and should be improved. Health education campaigns with appropriate strategies should be reinforced or strengthened to enhance immunization coverage.
Dietary intakes, eating habits and socioeconomic determinants of childhood malnutrition among children under 5 years of age in rural Lingshui county, Hainan, China
Authors: Zhang Fan , Lee Yuan-Chin Amy , Yi Cong , Alder Stephen C , Lin Guotian , He Limin
Published: November 2021

Objective:

To investigate the associations between dietary intakes, eating habits, socioeconomic determinants and malnutrition in children under 5 years old in south China.

Method:

A case-control study with 182 malnourished (case) and 254 normal (control) children was conducted in four towns using anthropometric measurements and questionnaires.

Results:

The dietary intakes of calory, protein, vitamin and minerals of malnourished children were lower than their normal counterparts. Overall, 37.9% children ‘monthly or never’ ate egg and egg products, 61.5% ‘monthly or never’ ate beans and soy products, but 76.7% had candies or cakes ‘daily or weekly’. Four identified determinants of malnutrition were: 1) low education level of mother (OR 1.65; 95% CI 1.02-2.67); 2) more children in one family (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.14-3.03); 3) absence of independent eating habit (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.13-2.72); and 4) long dining time (≥20 min) (OR 1.91; 95% CI 1.12-3.24).

Conclusions:

Inadequate dietary intake, lower socioeconomic status and inappropriate eating habits were the major determinants of childhood malnutrition in south China. Nutritional intervention focusing on education and behavior change are warranted to help reduce the rate of malnourishment among the children of rural families in the future.
CT quantitative analysis in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 and its correlation with laboratory examination results
Authors: Wu Lan , Yang Ran , Guo Dajing , Li Xiang , Li Chuanming , Zeng Wenbing , Chen Ting
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE:

To quantitatively analyze the longitudinal changes of ground-glass opacity (GGO), consolidation and total lesion in patients infected with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and its correlation with laboratory examination results.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:All 76 computed tomography (CT) images and laboratory examination results from the admission to discharge of 15 patients confirmed with severe COVID-19 were reviewed, whereas the GGO volume ratio, consolidation volume ratio, and total lesion volume ratio in different stages were analyzed. The correlations of lesions volume ratio and laboratory examination results were investigated.

RESULTS:

Four stages were identified based on the degree of lung involvement from day 1 to day 28 after disease onset. GGO was the most common CT manifestation in the four stages. The peak of lung involvement was at around stage 2, and corresponding total lesion volume ratio, GGO volume ratio, and consolidation volume ratio were 17.48 (13.44−24.33), 12.11 (7.34−17.08), and 5.51 (2.58−8.58), respectively. Total lesion volume ratio was positively correlated with neutrophil percentage, C-reactive protein (CRP), high-sensitivity CRP (Hs-CRP), procalcitonin, lactate dehydrogenase (LD), and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), but negatively correlated with lymphocyte count, lymphocyte percentage, arterial oxygen saturation, and arterial oxygen tension. Consolidation volume ratio was correlated with most above laboratory examination results except Hs-CRP, LD, and CK-MB. GGO, however, was only correlated with lymphocyte count.

CONCLUSION:

CT quantitative parameters could show longitudinal changes well. Total lesion volume ratio and consolidation volume ratio are well correlated with laboratory examination results, suggesting that CT quantitative parameters may be an effective tool to reflect the changes in the condition.
Mechanism and computed tomography features of liver injury caused by coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Lu Fulin , Ou Jing , Li Rui , Tan Bangguo , Zhang Xiaoming , Chen Tianwu , Li Hongjun
Published: November 2021

Liver injury is found in some patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Both the clinical treatment efficacy and the patient's prognosis are affected by the severity of liver injury. In addition, in some cases, liver injury may occur in the absence of respiratory symptoms. To date, liver injury diagnosed based on laboratory findings and abdominal computed tomography (CT) has been reported in COVID-19 patients. The aim of this review was to summarize the mechanism of liver injury caused by COVID-19 and describe the CT features of COVID-19-induced liver damage.
Diagnostic value of ground-glass opacity in suspected coronavirus disease 2019 patients
Authors: Zhu Yanqiu , Yan Cui , Duan Yani , Tang Leilei , Zhu Junying , Chen Xiuzhen , Dong Yunxu , Liu Weimin , Tang Wenjie , Guo Yuefei , Qin Jie
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of ground-glass opacity (GGO) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in suspected patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang databases were searched from November 01, 2019 to November 29, 2020. Studies providing the diagnostic test accuracy of chest computed tomography (CT) and description of detailed CT features for COVID-19 were included. Data were extracted from the publications. The sensitivity, specificity, and summary receiver operating characteristic curves were pooled. Heterogeneity was detected across included studies.

RESULTS:

Eleven studies with 1618 cases were included. The pooled sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve were 0.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61–0.84), 0.52 (95% CI, 0.33–0.70), and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.66–0.74), respectively. There was obvious heterogeneity among included studies (P < 0.05). Differences in the study region, inclusion criteria, research quality, or research methods might have contributed to the heterogeneity. The included studies had no significant publication bias (P > 0.1).

CONCLUSIONS:

COVID-19 was diagnosed not only by GGO with a medium level of diagnostic accuracy but also by white blood cell counts, epidemic history, and revers transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing.
The Use of Speaking Strategies by Pre-Service EFL Teachers
Authors: Filipović Jelena , Mikulec Alenka , Cindrić Ivana
Published: November 2021

Speaking is a language skill that dominates the notion of communicative language competence. Language teachers, especially early starters’ pre-service teachers, should undergo very intensive programmes of pronunciation practice as they will in many cases present the only models for their learners to imitate (Vilke 1993). To develop such fluency in speaking and propositional accuracy, students and prospective teachers should not only use but also be aware of a range of speaking strategies. This study examines pre-service EFL teachers’ perceived use of speaking strategies, as defined in the Oral Communication Strategy Inventory (Nakatani 2006). Since previous studies have identified various factors associated with learners' strategy use, we focused on determining whether the participants’ perceived strategy use is related to their EFL and speaking proficiency and their preference for engaging in speaking activities in their EFL classes. The results confirmed rather high strategy use, but the relation between the tested variables was only partially confirmed.
The Art of Laughing: A Study of the Tempo-Spatial Matrix in Oliver Goldsmith’s She Stoops to Conquer
Authors: Hassanzadeh Javanian Mohammad Reza , Rahmani Farzan
Published: November 2021

Oliver Goldsmith’s She Stoops to Conquer (1773) was staged only two weeks after the publication of his Essay on the Theatre, in which he famously compared sentimental comedies with what he described as laughing comedies. The play thus illustrates Goldsmith’s principles for his ideal laughing comedy. One of the aspects of this type of comedy, which has rarely been addressed, is its representation of the matrix of temporal and spatial elements, or what Mikhail Bakhtin calls a chronotope. The present study is thus aimed at investigating She Stoops to Conquer in terms of Bakhtinian chronotope. The study argues how different chronotopes have influenced the behaviours as well as the decisions of characters in the play. Moreover, it shows that the chronotopic framework can shed new light on the play’s portrayal of the class divisions in the eighteenth century, when the middle class was emerging in England’s social system.
A Linguist's life. An English translation of Otto Jespersen' autobiography with notes, photos and a bibliography. EDited by Arne Juul, Hans F. Nielsen, Jørgen Erik Nielsen. Odense university press; Odense 1995
Authors: Skytte Gunver
Published: November 2021

È un tratto positivo della linguistica di oggi l'interesse rinnovato per la storia della linguistica e per i grandi classici della linguistica, molti dei quali sono oggetto di un vero revival scientifico. Basti ricordare ii caso di Lucien Tesnière, le cui teorie oggi sono fonte di  ricca  ispirazione,  come testimonia  ii  volume  Linguistica XXX IV, I . M élanges Lucien Tesnière, Ljubljana 1994.
Roberto Gusmani, Itinerari linguistici, Scritti raccolti in occasione del 60. compleanno, a cura di Raffaella Bombi, Guido Cifolrtti, Sara Frdalto, Fabiana Fusco, Lucia Innocente, Vincenzo Orioles; Edizioni dell'Orso, Alessandria, 1995; XXVII+382 pagine
Authors: Tekavčić Pavao
Published: November 2021

Oggigiomo al centro degli studi linguistici non è più il sistema astratto bensì il linguaggio in società e nei vari contatti di popoli, lingue, culture, con le differenze non soltanto «orizzontali» (areali, geografiche), ma anche «verticali» (sociali) e diafasiche, diamesiche ecc. Conseguenza di contatti linguistici sono il bilinguismo e la diglossia (anche coesistenti), fenomeni dovuti a quello che si designa con il termine inglese intercourse. Sono tutti aspetti della vita del linguaggio che si danno in ogni società e ad ogni epoca; eppure, come è risaputo, sono stati più o meno trascurati dalle dottrine linguistiche che studiavano ii linguaggio in vitro, come sistema idealizzato e astratto: neogrammatici, strutturalisti, generativisti.
Fernando Picchi, Language & Business, Dizionario inglese-italiano, italiano-inglese, economico, commerciale e di lingua moderna, Bologna, Zanichelli editore, 1993, pp. 1788
Authors: Vučetić Zorica
Published: November 2021

Con questa recensione cercheremo di esprimere il nostro giudizio sul valore e pregio del presente dizionario. Perché abbiamo scelto proprio un dizionario bilingue, inglese-italiano, italiano-inglese? Perché oggi, alla fine di questo secolo e di questo millennio,  in  tutte  le  branche   della   scienza,   dall' economia   alla   linguistica   e all' informatica, la lingua veicolare è una sola: l' inglese. La lingua inglese è ormai diventata una lingua internazionale.
Die historische entwicklung der mehrsprachigkeit im Aostatal aus sprachsoziologischer sicht: eine diachrone Rückschau samt Ausblick ins 21. Jahrhundert
Authors: Bauer Roland
Published: November 2021

Die seit 1948 autonome Region Aostatal liegt bekanntlich am Fuße der höchsten Alpengipfel im Grenzgebiet zwischen Südostfrankreich, der Westschweiz und Nordwestitalien. In vorrömischer Zeit war das Tai von den Salassern besiedelt, die erst nach mehr als einem Jahrhundert kriegerischer Auseinandersetzungen im Jahr 25 v.C. von den Römern unterworfen werden konnten. Nach dem Untergang des weströmischen Reichs (476 n.C.) übernahmen, nach kurzen Interregnien der Burgunder, der Ostgoten und der Byzantiner, die Langobarden das Ruder in der Region. 575 wurde das Aostatal ins franko-burgundische Reich eingegliedert, womit auch die sprachliche Orientierung zur Galloromania erstmals definitiv gegeben war. Nach knapp drei Jahrhunderten Zugehörigkeit zum Frankenreich fiel das Gebiet an das Königreich Hochburgund, welches 1032 mit dem Deutschen Reich unter Konrad II. vereinigt wurde. Ab diesem Zeitpunkt übernahmen die Savoyer die alten burgundischen Besitztümer im Aostatal. Ihre Herrschaft über die Region, im Rahmen derer den Valdostanern erstmals 1191 Sonderprivilegien eingeräumt wurden, sollte schließlich bis ins 19. Jahrhundert, genauer gesagt bis zur Einigung Italiens reichen.
Note on the name of king Narmer
Authors: Takacs Gabor
Published: November 2021

The name of Narmer (n'r-mr), king of Upper Egypt in the late predynastic period (ab. 3000 B. C.), has remained a mystery for long millennia. The first component of the name is clearly identical with n'r "Weis (catfish)" (OK, Med., Gr., Wb II 209, 2-6). But the second element -mr has so far been lacking a reliable and convincing etymological explanation on the Egyptian lexical material. In this brief paper we attempt to give a solution for the second component of the name in the Common Afrasian (Semito-Hamitic) lexical material. First, we can also admit that the Egyptian vocabulary does not help too much to clarify -mr, as there is no Egyptian word to fit in the name.
Morpho-syntactic expansions as structural changes in translation
Authors: Milojevic Sheppard Milena
Published: November 2021

Due to differences in the source language (SL) and target language (TL) systems and differences in SL and TL usage norms, as well as some other factors related to the SL text, the translator and the receiver of the TL text, original structures often undergo structural changes in the process of translation.
Le relatif qui/qu' sujet en français contemporain
Authors: Pogačnik Vladimir
Published: November 2021

Notre contribution se donne pour but de souligner la "cohabitation" très répandue, mais peu divulguée de deux (selon certains auteurs de trois et même quatre) variantes phonomorphologiques de la forme simple du pronom relatif sujet en français parlé actuel:  /ki/,  /kl,  /kj/,  /k'/,  tout  en  essayant  de  reposer  certaines  questions  liées  à ce phénomène.
Accent d'intensité et action intonative en français moderne
Authors: Vitez Primož
Published: November 2021

Cet article se donne pour objectif d'exposer une réflexion critique sur la nature, le fonctionnement  et les interactions  possibles  de deux  faits prosodiques  en  français: l'accent  d'intensité  et  l'intonation  de  la  phrase.  Les  effets  de  l'accentuation  par intensité  se rangent  au niveau  syntagmatique  de la chaîne parlée (done au niveau  du mot phonétique). Le fonctionnement de l'intonation, en français, affecte globalement la phrase toute entière, mais les composantes élémentaires de ses formes globales touchen à  la  structuration   syntaxique,  formant  ainsi  des  unités  intonatives qui «couvrent» les mêmes éléments que l'accent linguistique. 11 s'agit done d'examiner les rapports qu'il pourrait y avoir entre la réalisation des formes intonatives et les fonctions de l'accent linguistique, etant donné que les deux faits prosodiques,  à l'intérieur de  la chaîne parlée française, se partagent un même champ d'opération.
Funzioni testuali dei proverbi nel testo di Maldobrìe
Authors: Deželjin Vesna
Published: November 2021

Due scrittori triestini, Lino Carpinteri e Mariano Faraguna hanno pubblicato negli anni sessanta la lorn prima opera narrativa, un dialogo intitolato Maldobrìe. Sono facilmente percettibili due segmenti de! titolo: mal e dobrìa. Il primo punta sull'italiano malo (agg.) oppure male (avv.), o sugli equivalenti latini ma/us e male, e il secondo sul croato dobro. Fusi formano un lemma dal significato lessicalizzato, inesistente in dialetto triestino, che funziona come sostantivo croato (cfr. maldobrìa/maldobrìe ).
Rechtstexte im Vergleich. Das Beispiel von deutschen und italienischen universitären Lehrbüchern
Authors: Veronesi Daniela
Published: November 2021

Die kontrastive Fachsprachenforschung hat sich seit einigen Jahren die Aufgabe gestellt, Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen Fachtexten/Fachtextsorten unterschiedlicher Fächer und/oder unterschiedlicher Sprachen zu zeigen. Dadurch soll einerseits die Annahme über die Existenz kultur- und nationalspezifischer Denktraditionen bewiesen werden, die fachsprachliches Handeln prägen und steuern;1
Die Textsorte "Fernsehnachrichten" : kontrastiv Betrachtet
Authors: Glovacki-Bemardi Zrinjka
Published: November 2021

Die Kenntnisse und Erfahrungen des einzelnen reichen heutzutage immer weniger hin, um die auf ihn einstürzende Flut zusammenhangloser Daten zu verarbeiten, so daß einmal mit der sich ständig ausweitenden Informationsdichte die Wahrscheinlichkeit geringer wird, daß der einzelne die für ihn wichtige Information erreicht. Und weiterhin wird durch die zunehmend der Öffentlichkeit entzogenen Entscheidungs­ instanzen und Übermittlungswege die Einsichtmöglichkeit in den Zweck, in das erkenntnisleitende Interesse einer Information immer undurchsichtiger, so daß die Information nicht mehr als Grundlage rationaler Entscheidung, bzw. Handlung dienen kann.
Die erklärende Kraft von Textsorten. Textsortenbeschreibungen als Zugang zu merfach strukturiertem - auch kulturellem -wissen über Texte
Authors: Fix Ulla
Published: November 2021

"Wir können auch im Zusammenhang der menschlichen Kommunikation das Leben nicht hintergehen." Dieser Satz von Hugo Steger (1979, 28), obwohl schon vor fast zwanzig Jahren geäußert, hat bis heute nichts von seinem Anspruch verloren, auch nicht, wenn man ihn mittlerweile vor verschiedenen theoretischen Hintergründen, die ich im folgenden nennen werde, mit unterschiedlicher Akzentuierung interpretieren kann. Das Resultat der Interpretation wird in jedem Fall sein, daß wir unser alltags­ sprachliches Wissen über Texte nicht geringschätzen, nicht vernachlässigen dürfen. 1
Sprüche, Sentenzen, Zitate als Kurzformen oder "einfache Formen" der Textsorten in interkultureller Sicht
Authors: Križman Mirko
Published: November 2021

Eine systematische sprachliche Behandlung der Sprichwörter in bezug auf die verschiedenen Sprachen und auf die sprachliche Varianz nur einer Sprache wäre eine umfangreiche Arbeit. Man kann aber doch in einem Beitrag, wo zwei oder drei Sprachen in Betracht gezogen werden, zuerst einige allgemeine Feststellungen erwähnen, womit die Varianz, die in den Bereich der Sprachwissenschaft gehört, einigermaßen prinzipiell zu lösen wäre und etliche Details der Stilistik (auch im ästhetischen Sinn) gezeigt werden können.