bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Threats to Civilian Aviation Since 1975
Authors: Kelly Luke
Published: March 2021

This literature review finds that the main malicious threats to civilian aviation since 1975 are attacks by terrorist groups, deliberate or accidental damage arising from conflicts, and incidents caused by people who work for airlines or airports. While the sector has responded to hijackings and bombings with increasing security since the 1970s, actors seeking to attack aircraft have modified their tactics, and new threats such as liquid explosives and cyber attacks have emerged. Civilian aviation has seen relatively fewer accidents and deaths over the years, but threats remain. The review focuses on malicious threats to civilian aviation. It, therefore, excludes weather events or accidents. The first section lists major malicious threats to civilian aviation since 1975. It includes both actual and planned events (e.g. hijackings that were prevented) that are recorded in open-source documents. Each threat is listed alongside information on its cause (e.g. terrorism, state actions, crime), the context in which it occurred (broader factors shaping the risk including geography, regime type, technology), and its impact (on passengers, policy, security, economic). The second section discusses some of the trends in threats to aviation. Motives for malicious threats include terrorism, crime, asylum-seeking, and insider attacks by aggrieved or mentally ill airline staff. Hijacking has been the most common form of threat, although bombing or suicide attacks have killed more people. Threats may also take the form of accidental attacks on civilian planes misidentified as threats in conflict zones. Experts suggest that growing threats are cyberattacks and the use of unmanned aerial vehicles, although neither has yet caused a major incident.
Sosialisasi Pembuatan Jamu Kunyit Sebagai Obat Tradisional Masyarakat Di Desa Belimbing Baru, Kecamatan Sungai Pinang, Kabupaten Banjar
Authors: Ismawati, Vira Pratiwi, Martinus Partono, M. Jayadi Abdi Syahlan Mattiro
Published: March 2021

. Desa Belimbing Baru merupakan salah satu desa yang terletak di Kecamatan Sungai Pinang Kabupaten Banjar Kalimantan Selatan. Desa Belimbing Baru merupakan desa yang jauh dari pusat kota dan penuh dengan nuansa alam dengan perbukitan. Dengan Lingkungan alam yang masih terbilang sangat asri, beberapa potensi daerah terlihat. Salah satunya sebagai penghasil kunyit tetapi masyarakat setempat tidak mengetahui bagaimana Teknik pengelolaan dari kunyit tersebut sehingga bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional sebab persepsi masyarakat setempat jika mereka panen kunyit hanya menjual ke pengepul. Kunyit dapat tumbuh pada daerah hutan hujan tropis dengan suhu 18-30 derajat Celcius dengan ketinggian 1500 meter. Tanaman yang berasal dari akar-akaran ini memiliki khasiat yang besar. Dalam kesehatan peran kunyit memang sangat besar, dimana berbagai jenis penyakit dapat disembuhkan dengan kunyit. Tim pengabdian melakukan demonstrasi pembuatan jamu kunyit dengan beberapa warga, warga menyimak dengan baik, serta beberapa dari mereka memberi pertanyaan kepada kami, bebrapa dari mereka tidak tau sama sekali manfaat dari jamu yang kami buat serta bagaimana cara pengolahannya. Berdasarkan pengabdian ini maka penulis dapat menarik kesimpulan yaitu bahwa sangat penting bagi masyarakat untuk mengetahui, memahami serta dapat mengaplikasikannya tentang pembuatan jamu kunyit menjadi obat tradisional yang disosialisasikan kepada masyarakat desa Belimbing Baru. Mengingat akses lokasi desa Belimbing Baru yang sangat jauh dari lokasi perkotaan yang penuh dengan perbukitan serta masih banyak pohon-pohon, sehingga jika ada masyarakat yang sakit maka masyarakat tentu akan mengalami kesulitan yang sangat besar karena jarak rumah sakit dari desa Belimbing Baru sangat jauh .
How Would Different Types of Negative Life Events Predict Adolescents’ Suicidal Ideation ? - an Empirical Study Based on the Western Region of China
Authors: Xin Moye , Yang Xueyan , Liu Kun
Published: March 2021

Background: We attempted to find if there were gender differences in different types of Negative life events and Suicidal ideation among Chinese adolescents, then analyze the relationship between different types of Negative life events and Suicidal ideation among these young students. Methods: Based on the data from 6 middle-schools and 3 universities in 3 cities of Western China, the gender difference in different types of Negative life events and Suicidal ideation and their related factors were investigated and analyzed in the study. Results: Gender differences were found during different types of Negative life events and Suicidal ideation; Negative life events could predict the intensity of Suicidal ideation by gender, to some specific types. Conclusions: Negative life events were proved to be risk factors of adolescents’ Suicidal ideation regardless of different gender stereotypes, but the specific classification of negative life events which had significant impact on adolescents’ Suicidal ideation also indicated significant gender divisions. For males, negative life events of punishment and adaptation had a significant and boosting impact on their Suicidal ideation, the higher the scores of punishment and adaptation negative life events had, the greater intensity of male adolescents were to have Suicidal ideation. Thus, the above two types of negative life events may be the main stressors predicting male adolescents' Suicidal ideation; For females, in addition to punishment, other types of negative life events all had significant impacts on their Suicidal ideation, which can be treated as the main stressors to trigger female adolescents' Suicidal ideation; Additionally, parents’ marital status of remarriage and divorce were proved to be significant indicators to adolescents’ Suicidal ideation, the age variable was proved to be strongly correlated with Suicidal ideation among female adolescents.
Modeling Groundwater Potential Zones for Sustainable Water Resource Management in Khyrasol Block, Birbhum District West Bengal India Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques
Authors: Das Sujit , Chatterjee Soumen
Published: March 2021

Remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) have played an important role in exploration and management of groundwater resources. In this study, we present modeling of groundwater potential zone in Khoyrasol block in Birbhum district, West Bengal by using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The objective of the study is to explore groundwater as well as surface water availability in different geomorphic units. Different thematic maps of geology, hydro-geomorphology, lineament, slope, land use/land cover (LULC), depth to water level and soil maps are prepared and groundwater potential zones are obtained by overlaying all thematic maps in terms of Weightage Index Overlay (WIO) method. All the thematic map classes have been assigned weightage according to their role in groundwater occurrence. Finally, groundwater potential zones are classified into four categories viz., excellent, good to medium, medium to poor and poor. The outcome of the present research work will help the local farmers, decision-maker, researchers and planners for exploration, monitoring, and management of groundwater resources for this study area.
Lipid Clinic is an Efficacious Model of Preventive Medicine
Authors: Blokhina A. V. , Ershova A. I. , Meshkov A. N. , Limonova A. S. , Mikhailina V. I. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: March 2021

Aim. To characterize patients accessing lipid clinic and assess the efficiency of treatment in a specialized medical center.

Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the surviving medical records of outpatients who visited the lipid clinic of the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine (Moscow, Russia) in 2011-2019 (n=675) was carried out. Cardiovascular risk (CVR) and target lipoproteins levels were evaluated in accordance with actual guidelines for the diagnostics and correction of dyslipidemias.

Results. The mediana of lipid clinic patients age was 57 [46;65] years. Female persons attend lipid clinic more often (61.5%). 48.5% of patients had low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) >4.9 mmol/L, 7.7% had triglycerides level >5.5 mmol/L. Most of the patients were diagnosed with type IIa hyperlipidemia (44,1%) or type IIb (28,0%). Inherited impaired lipid metabolism was diagnosed in 27.7% individuals. 12.7% of the patients had familial hypercholesterolemia, 57.4% – had secondary causes of impaired lipid metabolism. More than half of the patients (52.4%) had low or moderate CVR, 28.1% had a very high CVR. High or very high CVR individuals revisited the lipid clinic more often than people with lower risk (68.2% vs. 35.4%). Revisiting patients (25.4%) reached LDL-c targets more often (33.3% of very high CVR patients; 45.5% of moderate-risk people) than in ordinary outpatient practice. High-intensity statin therapy was recommended for 32% of patients, and combined lipid-lowering therapy – for 14.8%. Among very high CVR individuals, combined lipid-lowering therapy was prescribed for 38.5%. Given the lipid-lowering therapy prescribed in the lipid clinic, LDL-с<1.8 mmol/L and<1.5 mmol/L will be achieved at 40.7% and 32.9% of patients with very high СVR.

Conclusion. Lipid clinic is an important part of the medical care system for long-term follow-up of patients with impaired lipid metabolism, and it is more efficient in achieving target values of lipids and correcting risk factors in comparison with the primary medical service.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Renal Dysfunction
Authors: Kobalava Z. D. , Shavarov A. A. , Vatsik-Gorodetskaya M. V.
Published: March 2021

Atrial fibrillation and renal dysfunction often coexist, each disorder may predispose to the other and contribute to worsening prognosis. Both atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease are associated with increased risk of stroke and thromboembolic complications. Oral anticoagulation for stroke prevention is therefore recommended in patients with atrial fibrillation and decreased renal function. Each direct oral anticoagulant has unique pharmacologic properties of which clinician should be aware to optimally manage patients. The doses of direct oral anticoagulants require adjustment for renal function. There is debate regarding which equation, the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology (CKD-EPI) equation vs. the Cockcroft-Gault equation, should be used to estimate glomerular filtration rate in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with direct oral anticoagulants. Our review tries to find arguments for benefit of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with renal dysfunction.
Pharmacogenetics as a Way for Personalizing Diuretic Therapy: Focus on Torasemide
Authors: Gafurova N. M. , Shikh E. V. , Ostroumova O. D.
Published: March 2021

Optimizing diuretic therapy in patients with chronic heart failure is a complicated problem with many unresolved questions. Diuretics take an important place in the treatment of heart failure, which are used in almost 80% of cases. Currently, there are not enough clinical studies, which comparative effectiveness of loop diuretics, as well as studies aimed at personalizing diuretic therapy. Torasemide has several advantages over other loop diuretics; high bioavailability, longer half-life and duration of action provide predictable diuresis. The presence of favorable neurohormonal effects, consisting in a decrease of sympathetic activity and inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, leads to the fact that hypokalemia rarely occurs. In addition, torasemide slows development of myocardial fibrosis and fosters reverse ventricular remodelling. The use of personalization methods is one of the ways to increase the efficiency and safety of pharmacotherapy with diuretics. The polymorphism of genes encoding systems of biotransformation and transporters of drug is an important factor that determines the individual characteristics of a patient. Pharmacogenetics of torasemide may be of significant importance for pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, influencing the intensity of the diuretic effect and side effects. The clearance of torasemide after oral administration may vary by 47% due to genetic characteristics: the participation of the OATP1B1 polymorphism is approximately 15.5%, the CYP2C9 polymorphism is 20%, and the OAT1 and OAT4 polymorphisms are 10%. Due to the significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of torasemide, further study of the pharmacodynamic characteristics of torasemide in patients with genetic polymorphism is necessary.
The Management of Multicultural Resolution on Post- Transnationalism of Indonesian Islamic Education: Challenges for the Future
Authors: Thoyib Muhammad
Published: March 2021

This article discusses the urgency of the post-transnationalism paradigm of Indonesian Islamic education in the multicultural resolution management perspective that its substance discusses at least three main streams of discourse, namely: first, the substance of the post-transnationalism paradigm of Indonesian Islamic education that can be interpreted as an ideology of Islamic education that promotes the importance of moderation values that live within the multiculturalism of this nation, both on madrassas, pesantren and IslamicHigher Education. Secondly, the challenge of multiculturalism in Indonesian Islamic educationis this archipelago's problem with the dimensions of social conflict, radicalism, and extreme fundamentalism, which negates the importance of respect for diversity. Third, the multicultural resolution management design of Indonesian Islamic education for world peace must at least carry three main agendas that are very important in realizing the post-transnationalism paradigm in the future, which includes: development of a humanistic curriculum, strengthening moderation of institutional management, and strengthening institutional scientific partnering networks.Artikel ini mengkaji urgensivitas paradigma post-transnasionalisme pendidikan Islam Indonesia dalam perspektif manajemen resolusi multikulturalisme dengan nilai-nilai harmoni sosial, toleransi, kemajemukan, kerukunan, sekaligus saling menghargai sebagai kontribusi modal sosial bagi terbangunnya perdamaian dunia. Subtansi artikel ini setidaknya membincang tiga arus utama diskursus yaitu: pertama,  subtansi paradigma post-transnasionalisme pendidikan Islam Indonesia yang dapat dimaknai secara interpretatif sebagai ideologi pendidikan Islam yang mempromosikan pentingnya nilai-nilai moderasi yang hidup dalam aras multikulturasme kebangsaan, baik pada etalase pendidikan madrasah, pesantren maupun perguruan tinggi Islam keagamaannya. Kedua, tantangan multikulturalisme pendidikan Islam Indonesia merupakan problematika nusantara yang bersifat akumulatif historis yang berdimensi konflik sosial, radikalisme, dan fundamentalisme ekstrim  yang menafikan pentingnya penghargaan atas kebhinekaan (diversity). Ketiga, desain manajemen resolusi multikulturalisme pendidikan Islam Indonesia untuk perdamaian nusantara dan dunia setidaknya harus mengusung 3 agenda utama yang sangat penting dalam kerangka mewujudkan paradigma post-transnasionalisme pendidikan Islam Indonesia yang ekselen di masa depan, yang mencakup: pengembangan kurikulum pendidikan Islam humanis, penguatan moderasi manajemen kelembagaan pendidikan Islam, serta penguatan jejaring keilmuan yang ditunjang dengan komitmen dan kerjasama keilmuan (knowledge partnering) dalam skala nasional, regional dan internasional.
Co-distribution of Light at Night (LAN) and COVID-19 Incidence in the United States
Authors: Meng Yidan , Zhu Vincent , Zhu Yong
Published: March 2021

Background: Light at night (LAN) as a circadian disruption factor may affect the human immune system and consequently increase an individual’s susceptibility or the severity of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19. COVID-19 infections spread differently in each state in the United States (US). The current analysis aimed to test whether there is an association between LAN and COVID-19 cases in 4 selected US states: Connecticut, New York, California, and Texas.Methods: We analyzed clustering patterns of COVID-19 cases in ArcMap and performed a multiple linear regression model using data of LAN and COVID-19 incidence with adjustment for confounding variables including population density, percent below poverty, and racial factors. Results: Hotspots of LAN and COVID-19 cases are located in large cities or metro-centers for all 4 states. LAN intensity is associated with cases/1k for overall and lockdown durations in New York and Connecticut (P <0.001), but not in Texas and California. The overall case rates is significantly associated with LAN in New York (P <0.001) and Connecticut (P <0.001). Conclusions: We observed a significant positive correlation between LAN intensity and COVID-19 cases-rate/1k, suggesting that circadian disruption of ambient light may increase the COVID-19 infection rate possibly by affecting an individual's immune functions. Furthermore, differences in the demographic structure and lockdown policies in different states play an important role in COVID-19 infections.
Effect of Buttress Form on Transverse Seismic Resistance of High Masonry Walls
Authors: Gürel M. Arif , İzol Rabia , Mollamahmutoğlu Çağrı , Pekgökgöz R. Kadir , Yüksel F. Şebnem Kuloğlu , Özeren Meryem
Published: March 2021

In historical masonry structures having vault, dome and high walls, for safety against gravity, wind and earthquake loads, buttresses are crucial elements. This study aims to investigate the effect of buttress form on the transverse seismic resistance of high masonry walls. For this purpose, a real historical masonry structure covered by a barrel vault, and has a simple and regular plan and elevation shape was considered. From a slice of this structure, a calculation model and a basic model were created. For the masonry, macro-modelling approach was used. Nonlinear static analysis method was adopted, and finite element modeling and calculations were carried out using the Abaqus program. Firstly, on the calculation model the effect of buttress depth on transverse seismic resistance was investigated, and it was seen that the resistance is almost linearly related to the buttress depth. Then, two groups of analyses were performed on the models obtained by mounting different buttress forms to the basic model. In the first group, the volumes of the buttresses were kept equal, and in the second group their base depths and thicknesses were taken equally. At the end of these analyses, by comparing the base shear forces obtained for the models, the effectiveness of buttress form on the transverse seismic resistance has been determined and evaluated. The results revealed that the model with curvilinear concave buttresses in the first group analyses and the model with semi-cylindrical buttresses in the second group analyses have the highest seismic resistance.
A Common Human Problem Has a Name: Misokinesia
Authors: Jaswal Sumeet M. , Blesser Andreas D. , Handy Todd C.
Published: March 2021

Misokinesia –– or the ‘hatred of movements’ –– is a psychological phenomenon that is defined as a strong negative affective or emotional response to the sight of someone else’s small and repetitive movements, such as seeing someone mindlessly fidgeting with a hand or foot. Among those who regularly experience misokinesia, there is a growing recognition of the challenges that it presents, as evidenced by blossoming on-line support groups. Yet surprisingly, scientific research on the topic is lacking. This article is novel in systematically examining whether misokinesia exists in the non-clinical population and if there are observable individual variability in the intensity or extent of reported misokinesia sensitivity in the general population. Across three studies that included 4100 participants, we confirmed the existence of misokinesia as a phenomenon in a non-clinical population, with approximately one-third of our participants self-reporting some degree of misokinesia sensitivity to the repetitive, fidgeting behaviors of others as encountered in their daily lives. Moreover, variability in the range of misokinesia sensitivities showed that the negative social-affective impacts that one experiences may grow with age. This study shows that a large population of the public may be suffering from something that has received little formal recognition.
Membrane Lipids and Maximum Lifespan in Clownfish
Authors: PAGÁN PEDRO FRANCISCO ALMAIDA , Lucas-Sanchez Alejandro , Martinez-Nicolas Antonio , Terzibasi Eva , Lama Maria Angeles Rol de , Cellerino Alessandro , Mendiola Pilar , Costa Jorge de
Published: March 2021

The longevity-homeoviscous adaptation (LHA) theory of aging states that lipid composition of cell membranes is linked to metabolic rate and lifespan, which has been widely shown in mammals and birds but not sufficiently in fish. In this study, two species of the genus Amphiprion (A. percula and A. clarkii, with estimated maximum lifespan potentials [MLSP] of 30 and 9-16 years, respectively) and the damselfish Chromis viridis (estimated MLSP of 1-2 years) were chosen to test the LHA theory of aging in a potential model of exceptional longevity. Brain, livers and samples of skeletal muscle were collected for lipid analyses and integral part in the computation of membrane peroxidation indexes (PIn) from phospholipid (PL) fractions and PL fatty acid composition. When only the two anemonefish were compared, results pointed to the existence of a negative correlation between membrane PIn value and maximum life expectancy, well in line with the predictions from the LHA theory of aging. Nevertheless, contradictory data were obtained when the two clownfish were compared to the shorter-lived C. viridis. This results along with those obtained in previous studies on fish denote that the magnitude (and sometimes the direction) of the differences observed in membrane lipid composition and peroxidation index with MLSP cannot explain alone the diversity in longevity found among fishes.
Development, implementation and real-life use assessment of HIBOOT: a smartphone application for safety, self-assessment and medication adherence for patients with inflammatory arthritis. A user-centred step-by-step approach.
Authors: BEAUVAIS Catherine , Pham Thao , Montagu Guillaume , Gleizes Sophie , Madrisotti Francesco , Lafourcade Alexandre , Vidal Céline , Dervin Guillaume , Baudard Pauline , Desouches Sandra , Tubach Florence , Calvez Julian Le , Quatrebarbes Marie de , Lafarge Delphine , Grange Laurent , Alliot-Launois Françoise , Jeantet Henri , Antignac Marie , Tropé Sonia , Besset Ludovic , Sellam Jérémie
Published: March 2021

Background

Mobile health applications (apps) are increasing in interest for enhancing patient self-management in rheumatology. However, few have been developed with the involvement of patients and health professionals and actually used by patients.

Objective

To develop and implement a mobile app for safety, self-assessment and medication adherence for patients with inflammatory arthritis treated with disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and assess its real-life use.

Methods

A mixed qualitative-quantitative study including 42 and 344 patients, respectively, identified patients’ treatment practices and their use of health apps in general and their needs in terms of content and potential use. A multidisciplinary team including 7 rheumatologists, 3 patient association representatives and 4 members of a digital company developed the first version of the app with face-to-face meetings and patient feedback during the process. After the launch of the app, users’ feedback assessment included 7 patients and 3 rheumatologists. The number of app installations, current users, users’ requests and functionalities used were collected.

Results

Preliminary studies indicated numerous safety issues and needs for counselling, leading to the 6 functionalities of the app HIBOOT (OWL in English): a safety checklist before treatment administration, aid in daily life situations related to self-management and safety, treatment reminders, global well-being self-assessment, periodic counselling messages, and a diary to note comments and appointments. The app is free, with no personal data collection. The presentation is a friendly companion that interacts with the user. The content was based on the French recommendations for DMARD management, drug leaflets and public national health websites. HIBOOT was installed 20,500 times from 2017 to 2020, with 4300 regular current users and still increasing usage curves. The checklist, diary and queries on daily life situations were the most used functionalities. Overall, 18,000 requests were identified for information on safety or other patient matters over a 8-month period in 2020. Scores were 4.4/5 stars at Android and iOS stores.

Conclusion

HIBOOT is a free app for patients with inflammatory arthritis that was developed with a preliminary qualitative–quantitative study including patients during the process and has scientifically validated content. The number of current users is substantial. Future evaluation of the HIBOOT benefit is needed.
Porcine pancreatic ductal epithelial cells transformed with KRAS G12D and SV40T are tumorigenic
Authors: Bailey Katie L. , Cartwright Sara B. , Patel Neesha S. , Remmers Neeley , Lazenby Audrey J. , Hollingsworth Michael A. , Carlson Mark A.
Published: March 2021

We describe our initial studies in the development of an orthotopic, genetically-defined, large animal model of pancreatic cancer. Primary pancreatic epithelial cells were isolated from pancreatic duct of domestic pigs. A transformed cell line was generated from these primary cells with oncogenic KRAS and SV40T. The transformed cell lines outperformed the primary and SV40T immortalized cells in terms of proliferation, population doubling time, soft agar growth, transwell migration and invasion. The transformed cell line grew tumors when injected subcutaneously in nude mice, forming glandular structures and staining for epithelial markers. Future work will include implantation studies of these tumorigenic porcine pancreatic cell lines into the pancreas of allogeneic and autologous pigs. The resultant large animal model of pancreatic cancer could be utilized for preclinical research on diagnostic, interventional, and therapeutic technologies.
Detection of PD-L1 expression in temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma by using PD-L1 antibodies conjugated with lipid-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide
Authors: Lee Gilbert , Lin Wan-Li , Kuo Duen-Pang , Li Yi-Tien , Chang Yu-Wei , Chen Yung-Chieh , Huang Shiu-Wen , Hsu Justin Bo-Kai , Chen Cheng-Yu
Published: March 2021

Background: Targeted superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles are a promising tool for molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis. Lipid-coated SPIO nanoparticles have a nonfouling property that can reduce nonspecific binding to off-target cells and prevent agglomeration, making them suitable contrast agents for molecular MRI diagnosis. PD-L1 is a poor prognostic factor for patients with glioblastoma. Most recurrent glioblastomas are temozolomide-resistant. Diagnostic probes targeting PD-L1 could help early diagnosis and be used to predict the responses of targeted PD-L1 immunotherapy in patients with primary and recurrent glioblastoma. In this study, we conjugated lipid-coated SPIO nanoparticles with PDL1 antibodies to identify PDL1 expression in glioblastoma or temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma by using MRI.Results: The synthesized PD-L1 antibody–conjugated SPIO (PDL1-SPIO) nanoparticles were characterized using dynamic light scattering, zeta potential assays, transmission electron microscopy images, in vitro cell affinity assay, and in vivo MRI analysis. These data demonstrated that PDL1-SPIO has a specific binding capacity to PD-L1 of the mouse glioblastoma cell line (GL261). The presence and quantity of PDL1-SPIO in temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma cells and tumor tissue were confirmed through Prussian blue staining and in vivo T2* map MRI, respectively.Conclusions: These findings revealed that PDL1-SPIO can specifically target temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma with PD-L1 expression and can be quantified with MRI analysis, thereby making it suitable for the diagnosis of PD-L1 expression in temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma in vivo.
Ion Imprinted Polymers Prepared with a Novel Cd(II) Methacrylate Monomer Complex with 1-Vinylimidazole for Selective Removal of Cd(II) Ions
Authors: Yolcu Zuhal , Çıtlakoğlu Meryem
Published: March 2021

A novel [Cd(maa)2(vim)2H2O]·H2O monomer complex was synthesized using methacrylic acid (maaH) and 1-vinylimidazole (vim) that are suitable ligands for polymerization with cadmium central atom. Cd(II)-IIP was prepared by precipitation polymerization technique using monomer complex, EGDMA, and AIBN as functional monomer, crosslinker, and initiator, respectively. The structure of the monomer complex was elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) methods were used for characterization both of the monomer complex and Cd(II)-IIP. Scanning electron microscopy / energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) methods were used for observation surface morphology and content of the polymer surfaces. The adsorption performance and selectivity properties of Cd(II)-IIP were also investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cd(II)-IIP was 43.0 mg/g with 250 mg/L initial Cd(II) concentration at pH:6.0, and the selectivity was higher for Cd2+ ions than that of Pb2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ as competitor ions. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied comparatively to experimental results. Cd(II) ion content of the solutions determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
Refractive errors and visual impairment among children and adolescents in southernmost China
Authors: Peng Li , Gao Ling , Zheng Yunyan , Dai Yanan , Xie Qing
Published: March 2021

Background: Refractive errors and visual impairment in southernmost China have not been reported previously. We aim to investigate and determine the age-specific prevalence of myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and visual impairment based on a large population cross-sectional study in Hainan area of southernmost tropical province in China. Methods: A population-based sample of 31,524 children aged 6-15 years from Hainan was assessed. Non-cycloplegic autorefraction and visual acuity (VA) analyses were performed on all participants and a subgroup of participants undergoing cycloplegia. Results: Of all participators, 22.986% presented uncorrected VA (UCVA) decreased worse than 0.3logMAR, 17.206% presented UCVA decreased worse than 0.5logMAR and 46.95% presented abnormal UCVA [worse than 0.1logMAR (≥6, <8 years old) and worse than 0logMAR(≥8years and older)] at least in one eye. The overall prevalence of myopia [spherical equivalent (SE) ≤−0.50 D] and high myopia (SE≤−6.00 D) were 45.97%, 0.96% respectively. Hyperopia [SE ≥+1.00 D (≥7 years old) and SE ≥+2.00 D (≥6, <7 years old)] and significant hyperopia (SE≥+3.00 D) were 4.21% and 0.62%, respectively. Astigmatism [cylinder≥1.00 D (≥7 years old) and ≥+1.75 D (≥6, <7 years old)] was found in 31.87%. Conclusions: Myopia was the most common refractive error in southernmost province in China (Hainan). Its prevalence increased with age, while hyperopia prevalence showed a decreasing trend. However, myopia, especially high myopia prevalence was much lower than in other urban regions across China, as residents of Hainan may benefit from more ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation during daylight exposure.
Low Urinary Iodine is a Protective Factor of Central Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Zeng Ziyang , Li Kang , Wang Xianze , Ouyang Siwen , Zhang Zimu , Liu Zhen , Sun Juan , Ye Xin , Kang Weiming , Yu Jianchun
Published: March 2021

Background: An abrupt increase of thyroid cancer has been witnessed paralleling the supplemented iodine intake in formerly iodine-deficient countries. And increased iodine intake has been linked to the rising incidence rate of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). However, the correlation between iodine and clinicopathological features of PTC has not been well-characterized. This study aimed to investigate the associations between iodine intake and the clinicopathological features of PTC patients.Methods: 359 PTC patients who have received surgical treatment in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from May 2015 to November 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The associations between urinary iodine (UI), urinary iodine/creatinine ratio (UI/U-Cr) and the clinicopathological features of PTC were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to investigate the relationship between UI level and central lymph node metastasis (CLNM).Results: There were no significant differences of UI in different groups according to the variables studied, except that patients with CLNM had higher UI level than CLNM(-) patients. No associations were found between UI/U-Cr and clinicopathological features except variant subtypes (classic/follicular). After dividing patients into high-iodine group and low-iodine group, more patients were found to have CLNM in high-iodine group (p=0.017). In addition, younger age, larger tumor size and classic variant positively correlated with CLNM (p<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that insufficient iodine intake (≤ 99 μg/L) were associated with decreased CLNM risk in PTC. And after defining insufficient iodine intake as ≤ 109 μg/L and above requirements as ≥ 190 μg/L, multivariate analysis showed that lower iodine was associated with CLNM in total population of PTC (OR: 0.53, 95 % CI: 0.31 - 0.91) and in PTC < 1cm (papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, PTMC) (OR: 0.43, 95 % CI: 0.21 - 0.87).Conclusions: Low iodine was a protective factor for CLNM in papillary thyroid cancer, particularly in those < 1 cm. These results indicated that iodine may not only be an initiator of tumorigenesis, but also a promoter of the development of PTC.
Multicriteria choice based on a matrix of criteria in assessing the software efficiency of information systems
Authors:   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (TUSUR), Isakova A. I. , Korikov A. M. ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (TUSUR), Levin S. M. ,   «LEMA GROUP» LLC
Published: March 2021

The problems and methods of multicriteria selection are discussed using the example of software efficiency analysis. The matrix of criteria (priorities) and methods of its construction are considered. The application of a matrix of criteria (priorities) for evaluating the effectiveness of software is proposed. The analysis results for the analogues of software to account and control contracts at an enterprise using a priority matrix are presented.
Application of information systems for accounting and analysis of employee data
Authors:   Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Nosova A. D. , Gazizov T. T. ,   Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Stas A. N. ,   Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Shelupanova P. A. ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (TUSUR)
Published: March 2021

In the modern world, one of the most urgent tasks in the field of improving the efficiency of the workflow is to automate the activities of various structural divisions in the organization. Automation of activities leads to a reduction in paper document flow, reduction of errors in work related to the human factor, reduction of time to search for the necessary information, as well as an increase in the efficiency of employees. Information systems serve as the optimal mechanism for automating the above-mentioned needs. In addition, information systems allow you to quickly get up-to-date data from various departments in the organization and use the information obtained for management purposes, as well as store large amounts of information and data. Automation of work with information also allows you to conduct analytical work, in particular on the study of the psychological state of employees of the organization, monitoring of cognitive processes. The basis for the development of an information system for recording employee data was a detailed study of the modern business community, as well as offers on the software market in the field of automation of personnel service employees. The identified basic needs for information and data when informatizing the activities of employees in various organizations or companies allowed the authors to develop an information system that meets all modern requirements.
Effect of Gibberellin on Some Fatty Acid Profiles Under Nitrogen Starvation in Green Algae Chlorella vulgaris
Authors: KABAOĞLU Uygar , ASLAN Ufuk , ÜNAL Dilek
Published: March 2021

Plant growth substances could be stimulating algal growth rate and alter lipid compositions. In the present study, we tested hypothesis that exogenous gibberellin (GA) has any effect on growth rate and some fatty acid profiles in green algae Chlorella vulgaris. In Bold Basal Medium with 100 µM GA3, cell density increased to 68.57% on third day as compared to the control cells. These results indicated that GA3 enhanced microalgal growth and cell size. The lipid profile was also altered compared to control using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). GA3 promotes the production of C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 and C18:3 on day-3 and-5. Under nitrogen starvation condition, application of GA3 provide enhanced algae growth and stimulated C16:0 and C18:1 production. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that gibberellin could be a good candidate as a hormone for increasing lipid production in microalgae culture system
The Empirical Examination of the Socio-Economic Effects of Convicts in Ghana
Authors: Brobbey Priscilla
Published: March 2021

The study examines in-depth knowledge relating to the socio-economic effects of incarceration in Ghana. And further conduct a careful examination of the impact on convicts, their immediate family and working environments, as well as the government expenditure burden through the tax-payer on inmates. The study adopted the approach of qualitative and phenomenological methods to ascertain empirical findings to guide policy formulation and adjudication in Ghana and West Africa as a whole.
Membranes with a dual structure constituted of titania, zirconia, and both as thin-film selective layers coating the polyacrylonitrile platform
Authors: Worou Chabi N. , Chen Zhonglin
Published: March 2021

Three novel thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes are prepared using an ultrafiltration membrane (UFM) of organic polymer resin polyacrylonitrile followed by a mineralization process. The UFM was hydrolyzed (H-UFM) and then transferred in dopamine (DA) and tris buffer (TRIS) solutions. DA–TRIS coating is further favorable for the growth of nanoparticles (NPs), titania (TiO2), and zirconia (ZrO2) on membrane piece surface. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was combined with an energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) in order to provide important insights into the arrangement and potential functions of NPs, due to their unambiguous chemical signal, for possible characterization and modification of materials at the atomic scale. Depending on whether the top layer is made of TiO2, ZrO2, or both, the membranes are called, respectively, TFC-NFTitan, TFC-NFZircon, and TFC-NFTitanZircon. The three membranes under the optimized preparation conditions (30 °C, 12 h of hydrolysis time, and operating pressure of 0.6 MPa) exhibited high rejection and permeation performance. TFC-NFTitanZircon showed the highest rejection (89–95%) for divalent cations with the salt rejection sequence of , while the permeate flux is not less than . All three membranes demonstrated long-term durability under 120-h testing.
Para além das competências: Uma analise nas práticas de gestão de resíduos sólidos em uma instituição de ensino superior no Ceará
Authors: Santos Ruan Carlos dos , Almeida Quiriane Maranhão , Sousa Antônia Márcia Rodrigues
Published: March 2021

Os Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde (RSS) são todos os resíduos produzidos por qualquer instalação de saúde, constituindo riscos potenciais à saúde da população, assim como aos responsáveis pela sua segregação, coleta, armazenamento, transporte e tratamento. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar as competências dos gestores, docentes e egressos em relação à gestão de RSS, no contexto do conteúdo curricular do curso de Enfermagem. Os dados foram coletados através de questionário eletrônico. Na análise comparativa de fatores que poderiam impactar as competências na gestão de RSS, no caso dos egressos, foi constatada uma significância estatística para maiores conhecimentos/habilidades sobre as diretrizes do COFEN para a gestão de RSS quando possuem outra graduação ou curso técnico na área de saúde; os gestores têm maiores conhecimentos/habilidades sobre a gestão segura de RSS; e os docentes apresentam uma correlação positiva entre a variável de tempo de graduação do curso de Enfermagem e o tratamento diferencial dos RSS. Em suma, o estudo identificou avaliações satisfatórias sobre a formação curricular do curso de enfermagem, referente aos RSS e ao gerenciamento dos mesmos; entretanto, identificaram-se lacunas nos conhecimentos/habilidades referentes às competências na gestão de RSS.
Revisão Sistemática de Literatura sobre a Logística Reversa de Resíduos de Medicamentos
Authors: Luís Renata Oliveira , Rossoni Hygor Aristides Vitor , Duarte Neimar Freitas
Published: March 2021

Compreender as melhores iniciativas de logística reserva de medicamentos (LRM) auxiliará no processo de decisão quanto à gestão dos resíduos farmacêuticos e na melhoria contínua de processos já implantados. Sendo assim, a presente revisão sistemática abrange a LRM desenvolvida pelos principais países. Para tanto, foi realizada coleta de dados referente às práticas realizadas, a serem aplicados no Brasil, onde a maioria desses resíduos ainda são descartados junto aos resíduos urbanos, e não há a exigência de implantação da LRM. Assim, pode-se verificar que os programas europeus têm práticas mais consolidadas e adotam as melhores alternativas: incineração e valoração energética. Entretanto, são necessários mais trabalhos com caráter científicos, focados na avaliação da eficácia de programas de LRM. Já que a falta de comprometimento dos atores envolvidos nesses sistemas pode se tornar um entrave à melhoria contínua da gestão ambiental dos resíduos farmacêuticos, bem como à preservação ambiental relacionadas ao seu descarte.
Análise econômica de uma unidade de produção de alevinos na Região da Transamazônica, Sudoeste Paraense
Authors: Costa Max Wendel Milhomem , Bicelli Bruno Cecim , Rodrigues Renato Pinheiro , Brabo Marcos Ferreira , Veras Galileu Crovatto , Monteiro Elideth Pacheco , Souza dos Santos Marcos Antônio Souza dos
Published: March 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar economicamente uma unidade de produção de alevinos na região da Transamazônica, estado do Pará. O empreendimento localiza-se no município de Altamira e apresenta 1,17 hectare de lâmina d’água, dividido em oito viveiros escavados utilizados na manutenção de matrizes e alevinagem de tambaqui Colossoma macropomum e piauçu Leporinus macrocephalus. Adotou-se a metodologia do custo operacional e indicadores de eficiência econômica, além de uma análise de risco com auxílio do software @RISK. O custo de implantação foi estimado em R$ 297.800,00, o custo operacional efetivo R$ 341.131,00, o custo operacional total por milheiro de alevinos R$ 121,78, a receita bruta anual em R$ 558.600,00 e o lucro operacional mensal de R$ 15.718,28. As análises de rentabilidade e de risco do negócio atestaram valor presente líquido de R$ 1.063.062,95, taxa interna de retorno de 72%, relação benefício custo de R$ 1,55 e um período de retorno do capital de 1,3 ano, com probabilidades de ocorrência de 51,1%, 50,3%, 51,4% e 84,2%, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que a produção de alevinos de tambaqui e piauçu para atendimento da demanda de piscicultores do Sudoeste paraense, representa um investimento rentável na região da Transmazônica.
Manggaraian expressions of environmental preservation: a study on ecolinguistics
Authors: Rambut Kanisius
Published: March 2021

This paper explores the manggaraian expressions that used to explain the inisiative of people in Manggarai to preserve the environtment. This is a kind of code in which located the local wisdom to manage the surroundings as well as possible so that they will not be disappear. It promotes some problems such as meanings and functions of the expressions in term of preservation the environtment. Then it is designed to describe the meanings and functions of the expressions which become the indicators of environtmental development. These problems can be analyzed by theoretical conccep of ecolinguistics. It is viewed that language is  the symbol verbal of comunication, used to describe the problems of environtments. In addition,  Sapir said that vocabulary of languages in the world reflects the environtment of its speaker. The two statements indicate what language employs to draw the environtmental issues. It is sum up that language has very important roles to manage the environtment. Data collections includethe informations or qualitative statements that given by the informen,  gathered from the field. These informations have been got through the interview and observation. The interview is a way to get the informations.
Participants’ Engagement and Satisfaction With a Smartphone App Intended to Support Healthy Weight Gain, Diet, and Physical Activity During Pregnancy: Qualitative Study Within the HealthyMoms Trial
Authors: Sandborg Johanna , Henriksson Pontus , Larsen Erica , Lindqvist Anna-Karin , Rutberg Stina , Söderström Emmie , Maddison Ralph , Löf Marie
Published: March 2021

Background

Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is common and associated with negative health outcomes for both mother and child. Mobile health–delivered lifestyle interventions offer the potential to mitigate excessive GWG. The effectiveness of a smartphone app (HealthyMoms) was recently evaluated in a randomized controlled trial. To explore the users’ experiences of using the app, a qualitative study within the HealthyMoms trial was performed.

Objective

This qualitative study explored participants’ engagement and satisfaction with the 6-month usage of the HealthyMoms app.

Methods

A total of 19 women (mean age: 31.7, SD 4.4 years; mean BMI: 24.6, SD 3.4 kg/m2; university degree attainment: 13/19, 68%; primiparous: 11/19, 58%) who received the HealthyMoms app in a randomized controlled trial completed semistructured exit interviews. The interviews were audiorecorded and fully transcribed, coded, and analyzed using thematic analysis with an inductive approach.

Results

Thematic analysis revealed a main theme and 2 subthemes. The main theme, “One could suit many: a multifunctional tool to strengthen women’s health during pregnancy,” and the 2 subthemes, “Factors within and beyond the app influence app engagement” and “Trust, knowledge, and awareness: aspects that can motivate healthy habits,” illustrated that a trustworthy and appreciated health and pregnancy app that is easy to use can inspire a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy. The first subtheme discussed how factors within the app (eg, regular updates and feedback) were perceived to motivate both healthy habits and app engagement. Additionally, factors beyond the app were described to both motivate (eg, interest, motivation, and curiosity) and limit (eg, pregnancy-related complications, lack of time) app engagement. The second subtheme reflected important aspects, such as high trustworthiness of the app, increased knowledge, and awareness from using the app, which motivated participants to improve or maintain healthy habits during pregnancy.

Conclusions

The HealthyMoms app was considered a valuable and trustworthy tool to mitigate excessive GWG, with useful features and relevant information to initiate and maintain healthy habits during pregnancy.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03298555; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03298555

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.2196/13011