bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Multi‐Pharmacological Targeted Role of Indole and its Derivatives: A review
Authors: Suliphuldevara Mathada Basavarajaiah , Gunavanthrao Yernale Nagesh , Basha Jeelan N.
Published: January 2023

Heterocycles are a privileged motif that appears as a momentous objective in medicinal chemistry. An important class of compounds for drug discovery and design is indole and its derivatives, which have been examined for a variety of biological activities. Therefore, it is noteworthy in the modern progress of synthetic, medicinal chemistry; the last decade has been onlooker with a multitude of reports on several indole derivatives corroborating these chemical entities to be a renowned target for the discovery of new drugs. The current study includes brief natural sources of indole, and a new range of commercially available indole‐based drugs. Additionally, this review discusses the numerous facets of the structure‐activity relationship study (SARs) and provides information about the varied pharmacological effects of indole derivatives. The literature data presented for the anti‐pharmacological agents herein covers largely from the year 2015 to mid of 2022.
Superior Energy Storage Capability and Stability in Lead‐Free Relaxors for Dielectric Capacitors Utilizing Nanoscale Polarization Heterogeneous Regions
Authors: Li Chongyang , Liu Jikang , Lin Long , Bai Wangfeng , Wu Shiting , Zheng Peng , Zhang Jingji , Zhai Jiwei
Published: January 2023

The development of high‐performance lead‐free dielectric ceramic capacitors is essential in the field of advanced electronics and electrical power systems. A huge challenge, however, is how to simultaneously realize large recoverable energy density (Wrec), ultrahigh efficiency (η), and satisfactory temperature stability to effectuate next‐generation high/pulsed power capacitors applications. Here, a strategy of utilizing nanoscale polarization heterogeneous regions is demonstrated for high‐performance dielectric capacitors, showing comprehensive properties of large Wrec (≈6.39 J cm−3) and ultrahigh η (≈94.4%) at 700 kV cm−1 accompanied by excellent thermal endurance (20–160 °C), frequency stability (5–200 Hz), cycling reliability (1–105 cycles) at 500 kV cm−1, and superior charging‐discharging performance (discharge rate t0.9 ≈ 28.4 ns, power density PD ≈161.3 MW cm−3). The observations reveal that constructing the polarization heterogeneous regions in a linear dielectric to form novel relaxor ferroelectrics produces favorable microstructural characters, including extremely small polar nanoregions with high dynamics and multiphase coexistence and stable local structure symmetry, which enables large breakdown strength and ultralow polarization switching hysteresis, hence synergistically contributing to high‐efficient capacitive energy storage. This study thus opens up a novel strategy to design lead‐free dielectrics with comprehensive high‐efficient energy storage performance for advanced pulsed power capacitors applications.
High Ion Conductive and Selective Membrane Achieved through Dual Ion Conducting Mechanisms
Authors: Ji Tongtai , Zhang Chunyan , Xiao Xianghui , Wang Ying , Cao Daxian , Adomkevicius Arturas , Zhao Yuyue , Sun Xiao , Fu Kun , Zhu Hongli
Published: January 2023

Conventional ion‐selective membranes, that is ion‐exchange and porous membranes, are unable to perform high conductivity and selectivity simultaneously due to the contradictions between their ion selecting and conducting mechanisms. In this work, a bifunctional ion‐selective layer is developed via the combination of nanoporous boron nitride (PBN) and ion exchange groups from Nafion to achieve high ion conductivity through dual ion conducting mechanisms as well as high ion selectivity. A template‐free method is adopted to synthesize flake‐like PBN, which is further enmeshed with Nafion resin to form the bifunctional layer coated onto a porous polyetherimide membrane. The double‐layer membrane exhibits excellent ion selectivity (1.49 × 108 mS cm−3 min), which is 22 times greater than that of the pristine porous polyetherimide membrane, with outstanding ion conductivity (64 mS cm−1). In a vanadium flow battery, the double‐layer membrane achieves a high Coulombic efficiency of 97% and outstanding energy efficiency of 91% at 40 mA cm−2 with a stable cycling performance for over 700 cycles at 100 mA cm−2. PBN with ion exchange groups may therefore offer a potential solution to the limitation between ion selectivity and conductivity in ion‐selective membranes.
Development of asphalt cements for road pavement using sustainable nanomaterials: A review
Authors: Ataeian Parinaz , Cheon James , Azimi Alamdary Yashar , Tam Kam Chiu
Published: December 2022

In today's world, transportation infrastructure plays a vital role in global competitiveness and quality of life in societies. The pavement industry deals with tremendous amounts of construction materials. Thus, even a small improvement in the technology can lead to significant environmental benefits and a reduction in the life‐cycle cost of road networks. Asphalt cement is an integral part of road pavement construction, and despite favorable properties at the processing temperature, some challenges need to be addressed to reduce cost and improve performance. This review discusses the nanocellulose modification of asphalt cement for pavement application. Three primary cellulose‐based nanoparticles were studied, including bacterial cellulose, cellulose nanofibers, and cellulose nanocrystals, and their applications in asphalt cement modification. Various research results show significant improvement in pavement's rheological and performance properties with the help of cellulose‐based nanoparticles. However, this review provides the reader with an objective evaluation of the benefits and practical challenges ahead of the industrial‐scale application of nanocellulose in the pavement industry.
Long‐term outcome of infectious sacroiliitis due to Pasteurella multocida in a dog
Authors: Diogo Camila Cardoso , Trevail Raquel , Moreno‐Aguado Beatriz , Quinn Robert
Published: December 2022

A 6‐month‐old, male German shepherd dog was presented with a 2‐week history of left pelvic limb lameness. Physical examination revealed severe left pelvic limb lameness, lumbosacral and left pelvic limb pain. Magnetic resonance imaging showed heterogeneous T2‐weighted hyperintensity, T1‐weighted hypointense with marked contrast enhancement in the left sacroiliac joint, consistent with unilateral sacroiliitis. Computed tomography was used to perform image‐guided arthrocentesis and also revealed an irregular left sacroiliac joint. Infectious sacroiliitis, caused by Pasteurella multocida, was confirmed by culture of the synovial fluid of the sacroiliac joint. Infectious sacroiliitis should be considered as a differential diagnosis for young dogs presented with pelvic limb lameness and pain.
On the Heuristic Value of Hans Driesch’s Vitalism
Authors: Bolduc Ghyslain
Published: January 2023

In the first half of the twentieth century the harshest critics of Hans Driesch’s vitalistic theory depicted it as an animistic view driven by metaphysical moods, while others merely saw it as a barren hypothesis. In the last decades the heuristic value of vitalistic principles was nevertheless suggested. In this chapter I examine the epistemic role of Driesch’s critical vitalism in the progress of embryology. I first show that it did not contribute to falsify mechanical explanations of development such as Wilhelm Roux’s mosaic theory and Driesch’s own embryonic induction model. However, Driesch’s argumentation for vitalism led to the final formulation of the most challenging developmentalexplanandumof the twentieth century: the harmonious-equipotential system (HES). I point out how majorexplananslike Charles M. Child’s metabolic gradients, Hans Spemann’s induction fields and Lewis Wolpert’s positional information were conceived as promising answers to Driesch’s problem.
Public Policies on Gender Equality
Authors: Hervías Parejo Vanesa , Radulović Branko
Published: January 2023

Gender inequality represents a substantial and persistent public problem. Public policies may have a major impact on gender equality and attaining equal access to opportunities, resources, and rights for women, men, and other gender identities. This chapter provides key insights, directions, good practices, and methodologies from existing literature on gender implications of public policies. It also briefly reviews key gender-sensitive policy initiatives and frameworks, gender mainstreaming and tools such as gender impact assessment, gender sensitive budgeting or policy evaluation. This chapter further considers key gender sensitive policies including family and work-life balance policies, equality policies in the labour and political sphere, diversity, anti-discrimination and anti-violence policies, and education and science policies for gender equality.
Gender Perspective of Victimization, Crime and Penal Policy
Authors: Cruz Beatriz , Lukić Natalija , Strand Susanne
Published: January 2023

This chapter examines three criminological perspectives through a gender lens. The first part is dedicated to crime and gender. This chapter presents official data of reported and convicted persons in European countries, discussing crime trends and the different involvement of sexes in certain criminal offences. Further, this chapter points to possible differences in the ethology of crime from a gender perspective at three levels: individual; family, and social. The second section deals with gender and criminal victimization, with special attention dedicated to issues of domestic violence and sexual crimes. The third section of this chapter analyses the penal policy of the courts. Data is presented on sentencing practices in European countries, with an emphasis on certain criminal offences. Besides data on imprisonment, attention is paid to other penal sanctions. This section of the text further explains possible factors related to the different sentencing of women and men. They are divided into two categories: the first is those mainly related to socio-economic characteristics and crime committed; the second is those that reflect courts as gender institutions. Finally, this chapter gives explanations of different treatments of trans offenders in the criminal justice system.
Gender Issues in Comparative Legal History
Authors: Divac Una , Felici Maurilio , Kršljanin Nina , Iacono Pietro Lo , Stanimirović Vojislav
Published: January 2023

This chapter analyses the key gender issues throughout comparative legal history, from the Antiquity to the contemporary era. A wide array of subjects will be briefly touched upon, such as the traditional roles of men and women and their legal recognition, the legal status of women, the patriarchal patterns and the trends of their change, the interaction of religion and law in these areas. These various subjects all portray a millennia-long domination of the patriarchal system and the long and arduous struggle for gender equality. The text is mainly concerned with the Western legal systems, broadly speaking—European, Near-Eastern and American—showcasing individual legal systems in the Antiquity and Middle Ages, where differences during these times were greater, but focusing instead on key issues and areas of law in the Modern era, where convergence and common tendencies become more pronounced. By understanding these issues in their historical context, readers will gain valuable knowledge of the historical background of the current status of gender relations in the main legal systems of the world.
Gender and Structural Inequalities from a Socio-Legal Perspective
Authors: Bermúdez Figueroa Eva , Dabetić Valerija , Yuste Raquel Pastor , Saeidzadeh Zara
Published: January 2023

This chapter critically analyses different socio-legal phenomena through a feminist prism on gender. With an aim to promote gender equality, it addresses the problems of structural gender inequalities in both private and public social spheres. Outlining the political, economic and ideological connection between laws and specific social contexts, it uncovers (hidden) effects of social reproduction and construction of gender and sexuality. Deconstructing the gender binary system and provoking a heterosexual matrix, it shows how traditional, patriarchal gender roles determine and establish the social position in the structure of society. Dealing with the gender (in)sensitive education, production, and reinforcement of gender inequalities in the labour market, and media (re)presentation of gender and symbolic violence, it shows how widely accepted values and gender roles shape, and ultimately define, the access to social resources, professional positions and social status. Limiting research to only some areas of this broad socio-legal thematic, this chapter addresses some policies for overcoming structural inequalities based on gender.
Hyperparameter Tuning Approaches
Authors: Bartz-Beielstein Thomas , Zaefferer Martin
Published: December 2022

This chapter provides a broad overview over the different hyperparameter tunings. It details the process of HPT, and discusses popular HPT approaches and difficulties. It focuses on surrogate optimization, because this is the most powerful approach. It introduces Sequential Parameter Optimization Toolbox (SPOT) as one typical surrogate method. SPOT is well established and maintained, open source, available on Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN), and catches mistakes. Because SPOT is open source and well documented, the human remains in the loop of decision-making. The introduction of SPOT is accompanied by detailed descriptions of the implementation and program code. This chapter particularly provides a deep insight in Kriging (aka Gaussian Process (GP) aka Bayesian Optimization (BO)) as a workhorse of this methodology. Thus it is very hands-on and practical.
Politics in Malaysia: A Discourse Perspective
Authors: Rajandran Kumaran , Lee Charity
Published: December 2022

Our chapter introduces Discursive Approaches to Politics in Malaysia: Legitimising Governance. Grounded in Discourse Studies, this edited volume is designed to enrich research on Malaysian political discourse. It examines how political actors employ language to legitimise their governance in distinct contexts. The chapter briefly reviews political parties in Malaysia, which establishes the contours of political culture. Subsequently, it presents an overview of linguistic research in political discourse in the last two decades in Malaysia, which establishes the diversity of studies in linguistic analysis. The chapter describes the other chapters in this volume that research spoken, print and digital texts in English, Malay, Mandarin and Tamil. These chapters pursue an empirical study of language features and strategies about contemporary concerns in Malaysia. Our chapter ends by offering the future directions of research, where potential avenues could be explored.
Anatomy and morphology of iliolumbar ligament
Authors: Dąbrowski K. , Ciszek B.
Published: January 2023

Purpose

To address limited amount of available data and contradictory statements in published works 60 Iliolumbar ligaments extracted from 30 cadavers were examined to describe their insertions and morphology.

Methods

The ligaments were removed during the standard autopsy procedures with a use of an oscillating saw, a chisel and a scalpel. The specimens were photographed before the extraction and measured alongside their anterior margin. Next, they were preserved in formaldehyde, stripped of other soft tissues and then examined, photographed and described.

Results

The mean length of the ligaments was 31.7 mm. 44 specimens were described as single-banded, 13 as double-banded and 3 as other. In 24 cases costal process of LV has been fixed to the iliac plate by short ligamentous bands. In 38 cases there was a thick fibrous membrane connected to the ligament. No legitimate insertions on LIV vertebra were observed.

Conclusions

Typical iliolumbar ligament consists of a single ligamentous band. Most common variability of the ligament consist of two bands. In approximately 40% of cases the costal process of LV can be additionally stabilized to the iliac plate by short, strong ligamentous bands. In 63% of cases a connection between the iliolumbar ligament and a fibrous membrane placed in the frontal plane, superiorly to the ligament, has been observed. There seems to be no convincing proof of existence of the insertion of the iliolumbar ligament on the LIV vertebra.
Antibacterial and Antivirulence Activities of Acetate, Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles, and Vitamin C Against E. coli O157:H7 and P. aeruginosa
Authors: Hamed Selwan , Emara Mohamed
Published: January 2023

Infectious diseases remain one of the major health challenges worldwide due to the problem of antimicrobial resistance. Conventional antimicrobials have the disadvantage that bacteria rapidly acquire resistance to them, so alternatives must be developed to combat antibiotic resistance. Nanotechnology and the repurposing of existing drugs with known biological profiles are new approaches to replacing conventional antimicrobials. In this paper, we have tested the antibacterial activity of sodium acetate (NaA), vitamin C (VC), and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) against Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 51659 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. MIC values for tested compounds ranged from 0.08 to 6.5 mg ml−1, and the effect of combinations and safety profiles against HepG2 cell line of these compounds were also evaluated. At sub-MIC values, tested compounds had a potential antivirulence effect by inhibiting motility and reducing biofilm formation and maturation. Collectively, ZnO NPs and VC are considered safe alternatives to traditional antibiotics that are capable of reducing the development of antibiotic resistance in microbes.

Graphical Abstract

Graphical abstract representing the main aim and the final findings of our work. Spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains created an urge for alternative safe antimicrobial agents. In this work, we found that ZnO NPs and vitamin C are potential candidates that could be used against MDR E.coli and P. aeruginosa.
Release of ranibizumab using a porous poly(dimethylsiloxane) capsule suppressed laser-induced choroidal neovascularization via the transscleral route
Authors: Nagai Nobuhiro , Daigaku Reiko , Motoyama Remi , Kaji Hirokazu , Abe Toshiaki
Published: December 2022

The administration of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs in the posterior eye segment with sustained release through less invasive methods is a challenge in the treatment of age-related macular disease. We developed a flexible capsule device using porous poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) that was able to release ranibizumab. The porous PDMS sheet was fabricated by salt-leaching of a micro-sectioned PDMS sheet containing salt microparticles. Observation with scanning electron microscopy revealed that the pore densities could be adjusted by the concentration of salt. The in vitro release study showed that the release rate of fluorescein isothiocyanate-tagged albumin could be adjusted based on the pore density of the porous PDMS sheet. Ranibizumab could be released in a sustained-release manner for 16 weeks. The device was implanted on the sclera; its efficacy in terms of the suppression of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in rats was compared with that of monthly intravitreal injections of ranibizumab. At 8 and 18 weeks after implantation, the CNV area was significantly reduced in rats that received the ranibizumab-releasing device compared with those that received the placebo device. However, although monthly intravitreal injections of ranibizumab reduced CNV for 8 weeks, this reduction was not sustained for 18 weeks. In conclusion, we demonstrated a novel controlled-release device using a porous PDMS sheet that could suppress CNV via a less invasive transscleral route versus intravitreal injections. This device may also reduce the occurrence of side effects associated with frequent intravitreal injections.

Graphical Abstract
Fenton-like Cerium Metal–Organic Frameworks (Ce-MOFs) for Catalytic Oxidation of Olefins, Alcohol, and Dyes Degradation
Authors: Sharmoukh Walid , Abdelhamid Hani Nasser
Published: January 2023

A metal–organic framework (MOF) of cerium (Ce) ions and 4,4′,4′′-nitrilotribenzoic acid linker was synthesized via a hydrothermal method. Ce-MOF consists of a Lewis acid moiety, i.e. Ce3+ and triphenylamine cores. It showed Fenton-like properties with excellent catalytic oxidation activity for olefins, primary/secondary alcohols, and water pollutants e.g., organic dyes. It displayed high oxidation conversion of cinnamyl alcohol and styrene of 100% and 53%, respectively. It offered good selectivity towards styrene oxide and benzaldehyde (i.e. 75% and 100%, respectively). It was applied for the oxidative degradation of dyes e.g. rhodamine B (RhB), methyl blue (MeB), Congo red (CR), and direct blue (DB) using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidant. It exhibited high efficiency in the oxidative degradation of these water pollutants. The mechanistic study of oxidation involves the formation of radical hydroxyl (•OH) species. This study revealed the possibility of enhancing the oxidative catalytic performance, including oxidative degradation of organic pollutants, by employing advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) using Ce-MOF. The catalyst is recyclable five times without significantly decreasing of the material’s catalytic performance.
In-vitro degradation behavior of hybrid epoxy-alkyl sol–gel/anodized composite coating on AZ31B Mg alloy
Authors: Merino E. , El Tawil M. , Sobrados I. , Durán A. , Castro Y.
Published: December 2022

Mg alloys are considered a promising alternative to use as biodegradable implants. However, the main limitations of these alloys are the high susceptibility to hydrogen evolution and corrosion. Consequently, it is necessary to control the corrosion rate through surface treatment techniques. In this regard, a double layer system, based on the first deposition of a MgO coating and the subsequent deposition of an organo-silane sol-gel coating (anodized/SGMI) was proposed to increase the biocompatibility and reduce the corrosion rate of Mg alloy. Sol-gel coatings were prepared using methyltriethoxysilane (MTES), (glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GPTMS), SiO2 nanoparticles, and 1-methyl imidazole (1-MI). 29Si and 13C NMR measurements were performed to investigate the inorganic-organic network formation during the sol-gel synthesis, and to characterize the structure of the cured silane coating. According to the results, the addition of 1-MI mainly promotes the condensation reaction of GPTMS and MTES. After sol-gel deposition, a higher cross-linking coating network was obtained and the degradation of AZ31B Mg alloy in simulated body fluid (SBF) was slowed down. The control of the hydrogen and pH evolution over 450 h suggest that the anodized/SGMI coating system may be suitable for short-term implants applications; particularly for applications that are expected to degrade after 10-12 days such as surgical skin staples.

Graphical Abstract
Adaptive Water Management: On the Need for Using the Post-WWII Science in Water Governance
Authors: Hjorth Peder , Madani Kaveh
Published: January 2023

Although the UN concluded, already in 1997, that water would be the most contentious issue of the 21st century, water governance is still confused, nearly everywhere. Even the severe impacts of escalating water bankruptcy and global warming have so far failed to incur a marked improvement in governance systems. The global community has adopted sustainable development as a common vision and guide for the future. Yet, the adoption of the underlying principles of sustainable development has been slow in the water sector and elsewhere. Despite the realization that water governance is a political issue, the near-universal neoliberal agenda tends to only employ technologic and economic solutions to address water problems. This paper presents a historical overview, from the end of the Second World War (WWII) and onwards, of events that could, or should, have had an impact on water management frameworks. It evidences some important consequences of the institutional rigidity exposed during that period. The paper also turns to the fields of science, policy, and management, to pinpoint failures in the translation of political rhetoric as well as new scientific findings into change at the operational level. It explores how an updated knowledge base could serve a quest for sustainable water governance strategies. It is argued that a persistent failure to learn is an important reason behind the dire state that we are now in. As a result, water management is still based on century-old, technocratic, and instrumental methodologies that fail to take advantage of important scientific advancements since WWII and remain unable to properly deal with real-world complexities and uncertainties. The paper concludes that when it is linked to a transformation of the institutional superstructure, adaptive water management (AWM), a framework rooted in systems thinking, emerges as a prominent way to embark on a needed, radical transformation of the water governance systems.
Pre-braking behaviors analysis based on Hilbert–Huang transform
Authors: Wu Bo , Zhu Yishui , Dong Ran , Sato Kiminori , Ikuno Soichiro , Nishimura Shoji , Jin Qun
Published: December 2022

Previous studies have shown that about 90% of traffic accidents are due to human error, which means that human factors may affect a driver's braking behaviors and thus their driving safety, especially when the driver makes a braking motion. However, most studies have mounted sensors on the brake pad, ignoring to some extent an analysis of the driver's behavior before the brake pad is pressed (pre-braking). Therefore, to determine the effect of different human factors on drivers' pre-braking behaviors, this study focused on analyzing drivers' local joints (knee, ankle, and toe) by a motion capture device. A Hilbert–Huang Transform (HHT)-based local human body movement analysis method was used to decompose the realistic complex pre-braking actions into sub-actions such as intrinsic mode functions (IMF1, IMF2, etc.). Analysis of the results showed that IMF1 is a common and necessary action when pre-braking for all drivers, and IMF2 may be the safety assurance action that allows right-foot transverse movement at the beginning part of the pre-braking process. We also found that the experienced, male, and Phys.50 groups may have consistent characteristics in the HHT scheme, which could mean that such drivers would have better performance and efficiency during the pre-braking process. The results of this study will be useful in decomposing and discerning the specific actions that lead to accidents, providing insights into driver training for novice drivers, and guiding the construction of daily automated driver assistance or accident prevention systems (advanced driver assistance systems, ADASs).
Quantitative analysis of second harmonic generated images of collagen fibers: a review
Authors: Nejim Zeineb , Navarro Laurent , Morin Claire , Badel Pierre
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The human body is a complex structure. Its strength is ensured by the collagen protein which exists under the form of fibers. The quantitative analysis of these fibers in biological tissues can be very interesting to establish a relationship between the microstructure and their functions. This analysis is usually performed using two-photon microscopy and second harmonic generated (SHG) images. Lately, more and more researchers focused on the use of SHG images since it is a non-invasive technique and allows the capture of collagen fibers only. Many image-processing techniques can be used to extract quantitative information from those images such as fiber orientations, dimensions, and density. Therefore, accurate measure extraction depends mainly on the used image processing methods and, thus, it is necessary to know what processing technique to use.

Methods

The main purpose of this article is to exhibit the most used techniques in collagen fiber quantitative analysis then categorize them according to the information to extract. A comparison of three most used methods in fiber orientation’s estimation is carried out.

Result and conclusion

Despite the considerable number of papers aiming to quantitatively analyze collagen fibers from SHG images, two main aspects were not deeply covered. First, the use of deep learning algorithms is still limited even for segmentation and denoizing applications. Second, most of the studies processed in this review focused on two-dimensional SHG images and did not take into consideration collagen fibers as a three-dimensional volume.
Novel Approaches for Resource Management Across Edge Servers
Authors: Surya K. , Rajam V. Mary Anita
Published: January 2023

Edge computing aims at reducing computation and storage across the cloud and provides service with reduced latency. Edge devices can be mobile devices, routers, cameras, printers or any Internet of Things (IoT) devices that generate vast amounts of data. The processing of these data is done by virtual machines (VMs) present in the edge servers that are located within close proximity of the edge devices. This work proposes two models which predict resource contention at the edge servers, namely, a Dynamic Markov model for Resource Contention Prediction in Edge Cloud (DMRCP) and a Hybrid Cascade of Regression and Markov model for Resource Contention Prediction (CRMRCP). In DMRCP, a history matrix is updated based on the CPU utilization of a Virtual Machine (VM). This history matrix is used to update a transition probability matrix. This matrix is used to predict the future state of the VM. In the CRMRCP approach, the past CPU utilization values of the virtual machines in the edge servers are used for predicting a set of future CPU utilization values using linear regression, polynomial regression, lasso regression and ridge regression. Then, the predicted future CPU utilization values are used by the dynamic and the second-order Markov models to classify the state of the edge servers as overloaded, underloaded or normally loaded. In both the approaches, the VMs that may cause resource contention are predicted and are migrated to other edge servers such that the destination edge server does not get overloaded after the migration. The DMRCP method is compared with the first-order and the second-order Markov models and the number of VM migrations is analysed to evaluate the performance. The number of VM migrations in the CRMRCP method is compared with that in the second-order Markov model. The overall results prove that the number of VM migrations for the DMRCP is 52.9% less compared to the first-order Markov model and 21.1% less when compared to the second-order Markov model. The number of VM migrations in CRMRCP is reduced by 81.8% when ridge regression cascaded with the second-order Markov model is used.
The value of victory: social origins of the winner’s curse in common value auctions
Authors: van den Bos Wouter , Li Jian , Lau Tatiana , Maskin Eric , Cohen Jonathan D. , Montague P. Read , McClure Samuel M.
Published: January 2023

Auctions, normally considered as devices facilitating trade, also provide a way to probe mechanisms governing one’s valuation of some good or action. One of the most intriguing phenomena in auction behavior is the winner’s curse — the strong tendency of participants to bid more than rational agent theory prescribes, often at a significant loss. The prevailing explanation suggests that humans have limited cognitive abilities that make estimating the correct bid difficult, if not impossible. Using a series of auction structures, we found that bidding approaches rational agent predictions when participants compete against a computer. However, the winner’s curse appears when participants compete against other humans, even when cognitive demands for the correct bidding strategy are removed. These results suggest the humans assign significant future value to victories over human but not over computer opponents even though such victories may incur immediate losses, and that this valuation anomaly is the origin of apparently irrational behavior.
Experimentally Shock‐Induced Melt Veins in Basalt: Improving the Shock Classification of Eucrites
Authors: Ono Haruka , Kurosawa Kosuke , Niihara Takafumi , Mikouchi Takashi , Tomioka Naotaka , Isa Junko , Kagi Hiroyuki , Matsuzaki Takuya , Sakuma Hiroshi , Genda Hidenori , Sakaiya Tatsuhiro , Kondo Tadashi , Kayama Masahiro , Koike Mizuho , Sano Yuji , Murayama Masafumi , Satake Wataru , Matsui Takafumi
Published: January 2023

Basaltic rocks occur widely on the terrestrial planets and differentiated asteroids, including the asteroid 4 Vesta. We conducted a shock recovery experiment with decaying compressive pulses on a terrestrial basalt at the Chiba Institute of Technology, Japan. The sample recorded a range of pressures, and shock physics modeling was conducted to add a pressure scale to the observed shock features. The shocked sample was examined by optical and electron microscopy, electron back‐scattered diffractometry, and Raman spectroscopy. We found that localized melting occurs at a lower pressure (∼10 GPa) than previously thought (>20 GPa). The shocked basalt near the epicenter represents “shock degree C” of a recently proposed classification scheme for basaltic eucrites and, as such, our results provide a pressure scale for the classification scheme. Finally, we estimated the total fraction of the basaltic eucrites classified as shock degree C to be ∼15% by assuming the impact velocity distribution onto Vesta.
Increased risk of bradycardia in vigorous infants receiving early as compared to delayed cord clamping at birth
Authors: KC Ashish , Kong So Yeon Joyce , Haaland Solveig Haukås , Eilevstjønn Joar , Myklebust Helge , Bastola Ram Chandra , Wood Thomas Ragnar , Niermeyer Susan , Berkelhamer Sara
Published: December 2022

Objective

To compare HR pattern of vigorous newborns during the first 180 s with early (≤60 s, ECC) or delayed (>60 s, DCC) cord clamping.

Study design

Observational study including dry-electrode ECG monitoring of 610 vaginally-born singleton term and late-preterm (≥34 weeks) who were vigorous after birth.

Results

198 received ECC while 412 received DCC with median cord clamping at 37 s and 94 s. Median HR remained stable from 30 to 180 s with DCC (172 and 170 bpm respectively) but increased with ECC (169 and 184 bpm). The proportion with bradycardia was higher among ECC than DCC at 30 s and fell faster in the DCC through 60 s. After adjusting for factors affecting timing of cord clamping, ECC had significant risk of bradycardia compared to DCC (aRR 1.51; 95% CI; 1.01–2.26).

Conclusion

Early heart instability and higher risk of bradycardia with ECC as compared to DCC supports the recommended clinical practice of DCC.
Wistar rats choose alcohol over social interaction in a discrete-choice model
Authors: Augier Gaëlle , Schwabl Veronika , Lguensat Asmae , Atudorei Mihai , Iyere Osamudiamen Consoler , Solander Sandra Eriksson , Augier Eric
Published: December 2022

Animal models of substance use disorders have been criticized for their limited translation. One important factor behind seeking and taking that has so far been largely overlooked is the availability of alternative non-drug rewards. We recently reported that only about 15% of outbred Wistar rats will choose alcohol over a sweet solution of saccharin. It was also shown using a novel operant model of choice of drugs over social rewards that social interaction consistently attenuates self-administration and incubation of craving for stimulants and opioids. Whether this is also true for alcohol and choice of alcohol over a sweet reward translates to social rewards is currently unknown. We therefore evaluated choice between alcohol and a social reward in different experimental settings in both male and female Wistar rats. We found, in contrast to prior work that employed discrete choice of drugs vs. social reward, that rats almost exclusively prefer alcohol over social interaction, irrespective of the nature of the social partner (cagemate vs. novel rat), the length of interaction, housing conditions and sex. Alcohol choice was reduced when the response requirement for alcohol was increased. However, rats persisted in choosing alcohol, even when the effort required to obtain it was 10–16 times higher (for females and males respectively) than the one for the social reward. Altogether, these results indicate that the social choice model may not generalize to alcohol, pointing to the possibility that specific interactions between alcohol and social reward, not seen when a sweet solution is used as an alternative to the drug, may play a crucial role in alcohol vs. social choice experiments.
CD52 and OXPHOS—potential targets in ibrutinib-treated mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Fuhr Viktoria , Heidenreich Shanice , Srivastava Mugdha , Riedel Angela , Düll Johannes , Gerhard-Hartmann Elena , Rosenwald Andreas , Rauert-Wunderlich Hilka
Published: December 2022

Altered features of tumor cells acquired across therapy can result in the survival of treatment-resistant clones that may cause minimal residual disease (MRD). Despite the efficacy of ibrutinib in treating relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma, the obstacle of residual cells contributes to relapses of this mature B-cell neoplasm, and the disease remains incurable. RNA-seq analysis of an ibrutinib-sensitive mantle cell lymphoma cell line following ibrutinib incubation of up to 4 d, corroborated our previously postulated resistance mechanism of a metabolic switch to reliance on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in surviving cells. Besides, we had shown that treatment-persisting cells were characterized by increased CD52 expression. Therefore, we hypothesized that combining ibrutinib with another agent targeting these potential escape mechanisms could minimize the risk of survival of ibrutinib-resistant cells. Concomitant use of ibrutinib with OXPHOS-inhibitor IACS-010759 increased toxicity compared to ibrutinib alone. Targeting CD52 was even more efficient, as addition of CD52 mAb in combination with human serum following ibrutinib pretreatment led to rapid complement-dependent-cytotoxicity in an ibrutinib-sensitive cell line. In primary mantle cell lymphoma cells, a higher toxic effect with CD52 mAb was obtained, when cells were pretreated with ibrutinib, but only in an ibrutinib-sensitive cohort. Given the challenge of treating multi-resistant mantle cell lymphoma patients, this work highlights the potential use of anti-CD52 therapy as consolidation after ibrutinib treatment in patients who responded to the BTK inhibitor to achieve MRD negativity and prolong progression-free survival.
Smartphones dependency risk analysis using machine-learning predictive models
Authors: Giraldo-Jiménez Claudia Fernanda , Gaviria-Chavarro Javier , Sarria-Paja Milton , Bermeo Varón Leonardo Antonio , Villarejo-Mayor John Jairo , Rodacki André Luiz Felix
Published: December 2022

Recent technological advances have changed how people interact, run businesses, learn, and use their free time. The advantages and facilities provided by electronic devices have played a major role. On the other hand, extensive use of such technology also has adverse effects on several aspects of human life (e.g., the development of societal sedentary lifestyles and new addictions). Smartphone dependency is new addiction that primarily affects the young population. The consequences may negatively impact mental and physical health (e.g., lack of attention or local pain). Health professionals rely on self-reported subjective information to assess the dependency level, requiring specialists' opinions to diagnose such a dependency. This study proposes a data-driven prediction model for smartphone dependency based on machine learning techniques using an analytical retrospective case–control approach. Different classification methods were applied, including classical and modern machine learning models. Students from a private university in Cali—Colombia (n = 1228) were tested for (i) smartphone dependency, (ii) musculoskeletal symptoms, and (iii) the Risk Factors Questionnaire. Random forest, logistic regression, and support vector machine-based classifiers exhibited the highest prediction accuracy, 76–77%, for smartphone dependency, estimated through the stratified-k-fold cross-validation technique. Results showed that self-reported information provides insight into predicting smartphone dependency correctly. Such an approach opens doors for future research aiming to include objective measures to increase accuracy and help to reduce the negative consequences of this new addiction form.
Assessment of cardiotoxicity and plasma ropivacaine concentrations after serratus intercostal fascial plane block in an experimental model
Authors: Zaballos Matilde , Varela Olalla , Fernández Ignacio , Rodríguez Lucía , García Sergio , Quintela Oscar , Vázquez Elena , Anadón María-José , Almendral Jesús
Published: January 2023

Serratus intercostal fascial plane block (SIFPB) has emerged as an alternative to paravertebral block in breast surgery. It involves the administration of high volumes and doses of local anesthetics (LA) that can potentially reach toxic levels. Ropivacaine is widely used in thoraco-fascial blocks; however, there is no information on the plasma concentrations attained after SIPFB and whether they are associated with cardiotoxicity. Plasma concentrations of ropivacaine and its electrophysiological effects were evaluated in eight pigs after bilateral SIFPB with ropivacaine in doses of 3 mg/kg. Plasma concentrations, electrophysiological and hemodynamic parameters were measured sequentially for the following 180 min until the end of the study. The area under the curve, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and the time to reach Cmax (tmax) were calculated. The median arterial ropivacaine concentration Cmax was, 2.34 [1.40 to 3.74] µg/ml. The time to reach the highest concentration was 15 [10 to 20] min. Twenty-five percent of the animals had arterial concentrations above the lower limit concentration of ropivacaine for LA systemic toxicity (3.4 µg/ml). No alterations were observed in the electrophysiological or electrocardiographic parameters except for a prolongation of the QTc interval, from 489 ± 30 to 544 ± 44 ms (Δ11.38 ± 6%), P = 0.01. Hemodynamic parameters remained in the physiological range throughout the study. SIFPB with ropivacaine in doses of 3 mg/kg has reached potentially toxic levels, however, it has not been associated with adverse electrophysiological or hemodynamic effects.
Dynamic changes of monocytes subsets predict major adverse cardiovascular events and left ventricular function after STEMI
Authors: Boidin Maxime , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Shantsila Alena , Thijssen Dick , Shantsila Eduard
Published: January 2023

We explored how dynamic changes in monocyte subset counts (as opposed to static values to specific time points), and their phagocytic and NFκB activity relate to major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Changes in counts, phagocytic activity and intracellular levels of inhibitory κB kinase β (IKKβ) (a marker of NFκB activity) of monocyte subsets (CD14++CD16−CCR2+ [Mon1], CD14++CD16+CCR2+ [Mon2] and CD14+CD16++CCR2− [Mon3]) were measured by flow cytometry in patients with STEMI at baseline, and again after one week, two weeks, and one month. LVEF was measured by echocardiography at baseline and six months after STEMI. Baseline data included 245 patients (mean ± SD age 60 ± 12 years; 22% female), who were followed for a median of 46 (19–61) months. Multivariate Cox regression demonstrated that more prominent dynamic reduction in Mon2 by week 1 (n = 37) was independently associated with fewer MACE (HR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01–0.55, p = 0.01). Also, less prominent reduction in Mon2 at month 1 (n = 24) was independently predictive of 6-month LVEF. None of the other dynamic changes in monocyte subsets were associated with changes in survival from MACE. Neither phagocytic activity nor IKKβ were associated with survival for each monocyte subset. We showed how distinct pattern of dynamic changes in Mon2 are related to both MACE risk and recovery of cardiac contractility. Further research is needed to understand the mechanism of the monocyte effect and possibilities of their pharmacological manipulation.
Variation in heat shock protein 40 kDa relates to divergence in thermotolerance among cryptic rotifer species
Authors: Kiemel K. , Gurke M. , Paraskevopoulou S. , Havenstein K. , Weithoff G. , Tiedemann R.
Published: December 2022

Genetic divergence and the frequency of hybridization are central for defining species delimitations, especially among cryptic species where morphological differences are merely absent. Rotifers are known for their high cryptic diversity and therefore are ideal model organisms to investigate such patterns. Here, we used the recently resolvedBrachionus calyciflorusspecies complex to investigate whether previously observed between species differences in thermotolerance and gene expression are also reflected in their genomic footprint. We identified a Heat Shock Protein gene (HSP 40 kDa) which exhibits cross species pronounced sequence variation. This gene exhibits species-specific fixed sites, alleles, and sites putatively under positive selection. These sites are located in protein binding regions involved in chaperoning and may therefore reflect adaptive diversification. By comparing three genetic markers (ITS, COI, HSP 40 kDa), we revealed hybridization events between the cryptic species. The low frequency of introgressive haplotypes/alleles suggest a tight, but not fully impermeable boundary between the cryptic species.
Potential biomechanical risk factors on developing lead knee osteoarthritis in the golf swing
Authors: Kim Sung Eun , Pham Nicole Segovia , Park Jae Hyeon , Ladd Amy , Lee Jangyun
Published: December 2022

The load on the lead knee joint during a golf swing is greater than that observed during gait. However, current evidence regarding golf swing biomechanics for risks associated with knee osteoarthritis (OA) is limited. Therefore, this study investigated golf swing styles associated with knee adduction and abduction moments, which are considered to be crucial loading regions of the medial and lateral compartments of knee OA, respectively. Thirteen professional male golfers performed five shots using a 5-iron club, and their swings were recorded using a motion capture system with two force platforms for the feet. A regression analysis was performed to calculate the correlation coefficients between the peak knee adduction and abduction moments of the lead leg and varus/valgus angle, toe-out angle, stance width, weight transfer, and shoulder sway. Swinging with a narrower stance width at address (r =  − 0.62, p = 0.02) with more weight shift (r = 0.66, p = 0.014) and shoulder sway (r = 0.79, p = 0.001) towards the target during the downswing were associated with a higher peak knee adduction of the lead leg, whereas a greater valgus angle at address (r = 0.60, p = 0.03) was associated with a higher peak knee abduction of the lead leg. Based on these findings, we anticipate future research to support postural changes, particularly a wider stance width and restricted shoulder sway for golfers who are classified to be at high risk of developing medial compartment knee OA, as well as a lower valgus (tibial medial tilt) angle at address for those classified to be at high risk of developing lateral compartment knee OA.
Rational design of a turn-on near-infrared fluorescence probe for the highly sensitive and selective monitoring of carboxylesterase 2 in living systems
Authors: Chen Zhixin , Yu Jiaying , Sun Kai , Song Jia , Chen Lucheng , Jiang Yong , Wang Zhifei
Published: December 2022

In vivo selective fluorescence imaging of carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) remains a great challenge because existing fluorescence probes can potentially suffer from interference by other hydrolases.