bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Revolutionizing Healthcare: A Review
Authors:   Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan, Ahmed Waqas
Published: February 2025

The healthcare system has been transformed due to artificial intelligence, deep learning, and machine learning, which have improved diagnostic power, predictive analytics, and patient monitoring. The main models applied in healthcare are Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Support Vector Machines, and Transformers and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), which play a role in predicting disease, genomics, and medical imaging. CNN explains a higher level of accuracy in medical imaging where Long and Short-term Memory and RNN are developed to identify chronic diseases based on large amounts of structured and unstructured data. The transformers assist in processing many genomic datasets and clinical texts to enhance personalized medicine. The model assesses the disease pattern before the progression of symptoms in the body makes treatment possible. It impacts patient outcomes, operational efficiency, and healthcare accessibility, benefiting patients and healthcare systems. In future learning, emerging trends like explainable AI and federated learning can reshape the healthcare system to increase clinical understanding, transparency, and trust for decision-making.
Unraveling the Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Growth: A Complete Evolution
Authors:   Department of Life Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan, Sameen Saira , Shah Kausar , Khalil Bilal ,   Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
Published: February 2025

The complicated molecular processes that underline plant improvement are examined in this evaluation study, which focuses on the interaction of environmental variables, hormone signaling, and genetic regulation. The intricacy of plant growth as a dynamic procedure impacted by using physiological and ecological elements is explained in detail. Essential traits in cellular biology and gene cloning have revealed the functions of mobile-wall dynamics, turgor pressure, and plant transportation systems in morphogenesis. The evaluation emphasizes how phytohormones like auxin are essential for regulating plant morphology and pressure responses, even as genetic networks coordinate several developmental levels, from seed germination to fruit manufacturing. The review additionally explores the significance of signaling pathways that combine several cues to synchronize physiological and morphological reactions. The growing know-how of peptide signaling in vascular improvement and the intricate relationships among several hormonal pathways that control plant morphology are blanketed. Additionally mentioned are the metabolic pathways that might be vital for the advent of power and the distribution of assets, in addition to how they contribute to the resilience of crops. This allows the scientific world to reveal how competition and climate exchange impact plant communities, ecological interactions, and environmental factors that have an effect on plant growth. A good way to address global problems like meal protection and environmental stress tolerance, the review ends by underlining the ability of biotechnological technologies to beautify agricultural performance and stressing the significance of genetic variety.
Green Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles from Medicinally Important Plant Allium ursinum
Authors:   Government Degree College,  Alpurai District, Shangla KPK, Pakistan, Khan Younas
Published: February 2025

This study reports a straightforward, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly approach for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilizing Allium ursinum (wild garlic) leaves as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. The green synthesis method is advantageous as it eliminates the need for toxic chemical-reducing agents, making it a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative. The formation of (AgNPs) was initially validated by the distinct color change of silver nitrate solution from colorless to deep brown. Comprehensive characterization was performed using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction. This analysis revealed the formation of spherical, crystalline nanoparticles with an average diameter of about 24 nm. The FTIR analysis further revealed the presence of biomolecules responsible for capping and stabilizing the nanoparticles. Furthermore, the biosynthesized AgNPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity against pathogens such as staphylococcus aureus, vibrio cholerae, and salmonella typhi, as well as antifungal activity against various candida species. The promising antimicrobial properties of these green synthesized AgNPs underscore their potential application in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields and antimicrobial coating industries, aligning with the growing need for eco-friendliness in these sectors.
Transcribed Ultraconserved Regions (T-UCR) as a Missing Puzzle in Cancer Research
Authors:   Independent researcher, Strada Soporului, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Zimta Alina-Andreea
Published: February 2025

The ultraconserved regions (UCRs) of the DNA are highly similar across different organisms due to the negative selection of these DNA regions. The UCRs are transcribed into non-coding RNAs, named transcribed UCRs (T-UCRs). The current review on T-UCRs has identified the most significant T-UCRs for cancer, and it argues that there should be a focus on these T-UCRs to better understand their molecular mechanism in different cancers. Most of T-UCRs have an oncogenic role, with uc.63+, uc.338, uc.339, and uc.147 being the most commonly mentioned. At the same time, uc.160 and uc.454 have a tumor suppressor role. Uc.138 and uc.238+A have dual roles depending on the cancer type, probably through the modulation of different molecular pathways. Interestingly, there are T-UCRs with high specificity, such as uc.300A in neuroblastoma or uc.112 in B-ALL. Future research should acknowledge the current limitations and further improve the scientific approach.
Efecto del Ácido Giberélico en el Rendimiento del Cultivo de Maíz Bajo Condiciones de Invierno en la Costa Norte de Perú
Authors: Gonzales Deza Gabriel Kenyo
Published: February 2025

El maíz (Zea mays L.) es un cereal perteneciente a la familia Poaceae que es cultivado alrededor del mundo tanto por su importancia en la seguridad alimentaria como por su dependencia en diversas industrias. En ese contexto y con el objetivo de determinar el efecto del ácido giberélico (GA3) en el rendimiento del cultivo de maíz en época de invierno se instaló un experimento a nivel de campo con un Diseño de Bloques Completos al Azar (DBCA) con 6 tratamientos (T1: control   T2: 10 ppm GA3; T3: 20 ppm GA3; T4: 40 ppm GA3; T5: 60 ppm GA3; T6: 80 ppm GA3) y 4 repeticiones. Teniendo como parámetros de evaluación a la longitud y diámetro de la mazorca; grosor, ancho y longitud del grano; porcentaje de desgrane, peso de 100 granos y rendimiento de grano. Es así que en base a los resultados obtenidos tras la aplicación del ácido giberélico en la etapa reproductiva R1 se concluyó que esta fitohormona no tuvo efectos estadísticos significativos en el incremento de las variables biométricas de la mazorca ni en el rendimiento de grano bajo las condiciones en las que se ejecutó el experimento y aunque las condiciones de invierno no fueron una limitante en la productividad del cultivo como tal, probablemente sí tuvieron una implicancia en la acción de la giberelina A3 lo que podría sugerir no considerar su uso bajo esas condiciones.
Frequency of Relapse Rate after Treatment of Patients Addicted with Drugs Abuse (Opioids)
Authors: Asfiya Ather  , Syed Muhammd Akram Hamdani  , Hina Tariq Jan
Published: February 2025

Objectives: frequency of relapse rate after treatment of patients addicted with drugs abuse (Opioids). Methodology: This descriptive study at CMH Lahore included 60 patients aged 18–60 years with a history of opioid addiction. Data on demographics, addiction history, and relapse, defined as re-use of opioids after detoxification and three months of treatment, were collected using a structured proforma. Patients were followed for three months post-treatment to record relapse occurrences and associated factors. Results: Of 60 patients revealed a relapse rate of 53.3% following opioid detoxification. Relapse was highest among males (56.1%), individuals with primary education (73.3%), and heroin users (58.8%). Age, socioeconomic status, living conditions, and duration of drug use showed no statistically significant associations with relapse. Prior detoxification also did not significantly impact relapse rates. Conclusion: Relapse in opioid addiction is multifactorial, necessitating holistic, individualized approaches to improve outcomes and reduce societal burden, considering demographic and clinical complexities for effective prevention and treatment strategies.
Frequency of Indications and Types of Enteric Stoma in Surgical Ward of Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad
Authors: Tahir Ur Rehman  , Muhammad Kashif Rafiq  , Waqas Ashraf  , Yousuf Aziz Khan  , Babar Sultan
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Strategic stomas are crucial operations in the management of various gastrointestinal disorders such as intestinal obstruction, perforation, and trauma. It is necessary to examine the frequency of this type of stoma, as well as indications for its treatment and outcomes, in order to improve patient management. Objectives: To determine the frequency of indications, and types of enteric stomas formed in the surgical ward of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad and analyze associated outcomes. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in 2024 for six months with 121 patients with stoma formation. The research employed a nonprobability consecutive sampling technique. The demographic information, indications for the creation of a stoma, type of stoma and postoperative complications were recorded. Descriptive statistics in the current study were done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23. Results: The most common indications for operation were intestinal obstruction, which was seen in 36.4%, and perforation in 28.1%. Loop stomas (58.7%) were the most common, while end stomas (11.6%). Wound infection, which was noted in 15.7% of patients, and stoma retraction in 10.7% of patients were more common in emergency surgeries, which formed 42.3%. Conclusion: The aspects of early diagnosis, optimum preoperative preparation and psychological intervention need to be specifically personalised for the benefit of stoma patients.
MURAKKAB TARKIBLI XOM-ASHYOLARDAN QIMMATBAHO METALLARNI AJRATIB OLISH JARAYONIDA GIDROMETALLURGIK USULLARNING ILMIY ASOSLARI VA AMALIY QO‘LLANILISHI
Authors: Aripov Avaz Rozikovich , Sayfullayev Farruxjon Ibodovich , Qurbonov Mehrob Nuriddinovich , Jabborova Surayyo G‘ulomovna
Published: February 2025

The article discusses the processes and various methods of hydrometallurgical processing of complex gold-bearing pyrite-arsenopyrite ores and concentrates, taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of these processes. These methods include traditional technologies, bacterial oxidation, as well as selective leaching at high and low temperatures followed by cyanidation. The disadvantages of these methods include issues related to liquid-solid phase separation. Dehydration processes are an integral part of hydrometallurgical technologies. Inefficient phase separation can reduce equipment performance and increase energy consumption. The authors consider solutions aimed at improving raw material efficiency and its complete utilization.
Resenha Crítica de O Mestre Ignorante de Jacques Rancière
Authors: Nascimento de Aquino Nelcino Henrique
Published: February 2025

Esta resenha crítica de O Mestre Ignorante, de Jacques Rancière, propõe uma reflexão disruptiva sobre a educação, questionando o mito pedagógica da hierarquia das inteligências e defendendo o princípio da igualdade intelectual. O principal objetivo da análise é avaliar os impactos das lições do mestre ignorante na emancipação do pensamento e da prática docente. Baseando-se na experiência de Ensino Universal do pedagogo Joseph Jacotot, a obra revela que o aprendizado não depende do mestre explicador, senão da emancipação do aprendiz. Destaca-se que a crença na inferioridade intelectual perpetua a desigualdade e o embrutecimento dos indivíduos. Identifica-se, porém, que o Ensino Universal não triunfará frente à atual sociedade pedagogizada; mas também não morrerá jamais no espírito humano. Permanecerá, portanto, como resistência no campo conflituoso da filosofia da educação. Por fim, a escola pode criar situações inesperadas e provisórias de igualdade intelectual e o mestre explicador pode, a partir das lições de Jacotot e do acaso, emancipar-se. Anunciando aos seus iguais a bênção da emancipação.
Kajian History Tardisi Pencak Silat Pelintau Sebagai Sumber Belajar Sejarah Lokal
Authors: Okhaifi Prasetyo  , Muhammad Al Dilwan  , Dimas Ade Gunawan
Published: February 2025

The history of the Pelintau Pencak Silat tradition is not widely known by the young generation, especially school students. This research aims to explore the history and development of Pencak Silat Pelintau and its relevance as a source of learning local history. This research uses historical methods with a qualitative approach: research steps, namely heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The research results show that Pencak Silat Pelintau is an integral part of the history and culture of the Tamiang people, which not only functions as a martial art but also reflects strong historical values. As a cultural heritage recognized as Indonesia’s Intangible Cultural Heritage (WBTB), this tradition is closely related to the Tamiang people’s struggle against colonialism. Therefore, its use in learning local history becomes relevant in helping students understand the nation's history through a regional cultural perspective. The integration of Pencak Silat Pelintau in the curriculum can be done by preparing teaching modules based on local culture and applying experience-based learning methods, such as direct observation, interviews with cultural actors, and analysis of historical documents. With an innovative and contextual approach, Pencak Silat Pelintau can be an effective, engaging and meaningful learning medium for the younger generation to understand the history, culture and heroic values ​​inherited from their ancestors.
Organizational Management of Teenage Red Cross (PMR) Mula Level in Public Elementary School No.067951 Medan
Authors: Dalimunthe Aissyahkila Nazwa , Hasibuan Rizqina Katsiroh , Panjaitan Afni Rahma Sagita
Published: February 2025

Management is one of an organization's management in directing and mobilizing human resources to achieve certain goals effectively and efficiently. Therefore, the application of management needs to be implemented in an organization that can improve the ability and quality of human resources to adapt in the era of globalization. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of PMR extracurricular activities at SD Negeri No.067951 Medan. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis through stages: data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results showed that PMR Extracurricular Management at SD Negeri No.067951 MEDAN was carried out by applying management functions, namely: PMR extracurricular planning, PMR extracurricular organization, PMR extracurricular implementation, and PMR extracurricular evaluation, effectively becoming a means to foster good values for students, as well as a coaching medium that can support the development of the abilities, interests and talents of students and become a provision for the progress of the field of Red Cross students in the future.
Onychomycosis
Authors:   Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine Department of Dermatology Venereology and Dermatooncology, Mihalik Noémi
Published: February 2025

Onychomycosis is a common, chronic fungal nail infection
affecting the toenails and fingernails. Causative agents
are dermatophytes, yeasts and nondermatophyte moulds,
however mixed infections can also occur. Microscopy and
fungal culture are the gold standard techniques for onychomycosis diagnosis, however histology and PCR are also
accurate methods.
There are several treatment options available, including oral and topical antifungal drugs, and devices. Onychomycosis may cause physical dyscomfort and increase the
risk for bacterial infections (erysipelas, cellulitis) in immunocompromised patients.
Differential diagnosis of onychomycosis includes psoriasis, traumatic nail disorders, and onychogryphosis.
Mycoses occurring during biological therapy
Authors:   University of Debrecen – Medical Center – Department of Dermatology, Sawhney Irina , Gellén Emese
Published: February 2025

The development of targeted biologic therapies has led to
significant advances in the treatment of several immunemediated inflammatory diseases like psoriasis (PsO),
psoriatic arthritis (PsA), inflammatory bowel disease
(IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis
(AS). By targeting the cytokines which play crucial role
in the pathogenesis of treated disease, there is disruption
of hosts innate and adaptive immune response, leading to
the increased risk and susceptibility to infections, especially fungal infections. Superficial fungal infections and
mucocutaneous candidiasis are the most common and frequent conditions that associate with biologics, especially
IL-17 inhibitors. Healthcare providers should know that
biologics have an ability to alter typical presentation of
fungal infections, so timely recognized and treated infection can reduce patients’ morbidity and mortality.
Cutaneous vasculitides: from clinics to morphology
Authors:   University of Szeged Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical Center Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Nagy Géza Róbert , Varga Erika , Korom Irma , Mihályi Lilla , Belső Nóra , Bata-Csörgő Zsuzsanna , Kemény Lajos , Gyulai Rolland , Németh István Balázs
Published: February 2025

We are aiming to summarize the main clinical and histopathological correlations of most known vasculitides
which involve the small-, and medium-sized vessels of the
skin. In general, vasculitides can be classified into three
major groups: systemic vasculitis with cutaneous involvement, systemic vasculitis with skin limited appearance
and single organ vasculitis. We also highlight the importance on the recognition of the clinicopathologic patterns
of the corresponding vasculitides, with special emphasis on the histopathologic features and their underlying
pathologies.
Pathological diagnosis of extramammary Paget’s disease of the anogenital region
Authors:   University of Pécs Medical School Department of Pathology, Gyömörei Csaba , Kovács Krisztina , Kádár Zsolt , Papp Szilárd , Lengyel Zsuzsanna
Published: February 2025

Extramammary Paget’s disease is a rare tumor, with the
vulva as the most common site of occurrence. Although tumors in this region are mainly seen by gynecologists, they
can also be encountered occasionally in dermatological
practices. The tumor often draws attention with itching.
Due to the non-specific morphology and symptoms, diagnosis may take up to several years. While the primary form
originates in the skin, the secondary extramammary Paget’s disease is associated with an internal tumor. Pathological examination plays an indispensable role in recognizing the disease and clarifying its background, which
helps the clinician in establishing further diagnostic steps
and therapeutic plans.
Mucin in the dermis
Authors:   University of Debrecen Medical Center Department of Dermatology, Tósaki Ágnes , Remenyik Éva , Veres Imre , Szegedi Andrea , Várvölgyi Tünde
Published: February 2025

A 68-year-old female patient developed pale hyperaemic,
few millimeters large confluent papules with a shiny surface forming large plaques, localized on the face, neck,
trunk and the proximal part of the upper limbs. Based on
the clinical symptoms, differential diagnoses of papular
mucinosis, amyloidosis, interstitial granulomatous dermatitis, granuloma annulare, photocontact eczema, systemic
lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, mycosis fungoides,
and polymorphic light exanthema arose. Diagnosis of
interstitial granulomatous dermatitis was made on the
base of, mucin positivity in the dermis in association with
granulomatous inflammation, Apart from myelodysplastic
syndrome, no other underlying disease or medicinal conditions could be proven. Local powerful corticosteroid,
PUVA cream therapy did not result in sufficient results.
With systemic corticosteroid and acitretin, the skin symptoms improved. In this case report, the authors describe
in detail the currently accepted classification of mucinoses and review the rare papular mucinosis and interstitial
granulomatosus dermatitis.
Successful treatment of parenteral iron induced cutaneous siderosis with 1064nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser
Authors:   Dr Derm Dermatology Clinic, Budapest, Cakir Ugur , Varju Gábor
Published: February 2025

Cutaneous siderosis is an accumulation of iron in the dermis
and the subcutaneous tissue secondary to extravasation
of an intramuscular or intravascular iron injection which
leads to a permanent brownish-gray discoloration of
the skin. In our case report, we present the successful
treatment of hyperpigmentation caused by extravasation
of iron infusion with Q-switched 1064nm Nd:Yag laser.
Q-switched lasers seem to be the optimal therapeutic
solution for cutaneous siderosis with minimal side effects,
good patient satisfaction and excellent cosmetic results.
Plant growth-promoting potential of Diaporthe osmanthi COFS1, an endophyte of Coleus forskohlii
Authors: Dutta Riya , Banerjee Debdulal
Published: February 2025

Fungal endophytes are beneficial plant counterparts and potent producers of bioactive plant growth-promoting metabolites. This study focuses on the isolation and screening of fungal endophytes with strong plant growth-promoting activities from the ethnomedicinal plant Coleus forskohlii (Willd.), Briq., collected from West Bengal, India, and characterization of the cell-free culture extracts. Out of the 13 major isolates, Diaporthe osmanthi COFS1 is the most effective producer of Indole acetic acid (31.72 ± 0.04 μg ml-1), and also synthesized ammonia, siderophore, and solubilized phosphate (31.40 ± 0.28 μg ml-1). The Indole-3-acetic acid production was confirmed by UV-VIS, TLC, FTIR, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, HRMS, and H1-nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed putative PGP metabolites, including phenylethyl alcohol, 1-methylene-1H-indene, Indole-3-acetic acid, tryptophol, Indole-6-carboxaldehyde, and 2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one. The maximum IAA production was observed in Czapek Dox Broth (CDB) amended with 0.5 mg ml-1 of L-tryptophan, pH 6.5, 30 g l-1 sucrose, on the seventh day of the incubation period. The plant growth-promoting effects of fungal metabolites on the in vivo growth of Triticum aestivum L was evaluated. The application of 50% fungal extract resulted in a significant increase in the overall growth attributes compared with the uninoculated control plants, indicating its potential as a strong plant growth promoter.
Quantifying Feral Pig Interactions to Inform Disease Transmission Networks
Authors: Proboste Tatiana , Turnlund Abigail , Bengsen Andrew , Gentle Matthew , Wilson Cameron , Harriott Lana , Fuller Richard A , Marshall Darren , Soares Magalhães Ricardo J
Published: February 2025

Feral pigs threaten biodiversity in 54 countries worldwide and cause an estimated $120 billion of damage annually in the United States of America (USA). Feral pigs imperil over 600 native species and have directly driven 14 species into extinction. Moreover, feral pig populations pose a significant zoonotic disease threat to humans such as Japanese encephalitis, and act as reservoir for endemic pathogens such as
Brucella
and leptospirosis. Efforts to understand and control disease spread by feral pigs rely on models of social dynamics, how the animals interact with one another. Yet social dynamics are known to vary enormously from place to place, so knowledge generated for example in USA and Europe might not easily transfer to locations such as Australia.Here, we fill a continental gap in our understanding of feral pig social dynamics by developing a proximity-based social network analysis approach to rapidly assess social interactions using animal tracking data. This method, applied to the continent of Australia, included 146 GPS-monitored feral pigs, and revealed distinct patterns influenced by sex and season, with females demonstrating higher group cohesion (female-female) and males acting as crucial connectors between independent groups. Contact rates are remarkably high within groups, indicating rapid intra-group disease spread that contrasts with much slower potential for inter-group disease spread. Seasonal variations further complicate this dynamic, with contact rates being much higher in summer. The results show that, in Australia, targeting adult males in feral pig control programs could enhance efforts to contain disease outbreaks.Concern over the economic and human health impacts of animal diseases is higher than ever before. We urge a rapid global effort to use models of feral pig social interactions to develop efficient control strategies tailored to local conditions.
Bridging the 3D geometrical organisation of white matter pathways across anatomical length scales and species
Authors: Kjer Hans Martin , Andersson Mariam , He Yi , Pacureanu Alexandra , Daducci Alessandro , Pizzolato Marco , Salditt Tim , Robisch Anna-Lena , Eckermann Marina , Töpperwien Mareike , Bjorholm Dahl Anders , Elkjær Maria Louise , Illes Zsolt , Ptito Maurice , Andersen Dahl Vedrana , Dyrby Tim B
Published: February 2025

We used diffusion MRI and x-ray synchrotron imaging on monkey and mice brains to examine the organisation of fibre pathways in white matter across anatomical scales. We compared the structure in the corpus callosum and crossing fibre regions and investigated the differences in cuprizone-induced demyelination in mouse brains versus healthy controls. Our findings revealed common principles of fibre organisation that apply despite the varying patterns observed across species; small axonal fasciculi and major bundles formed laminar structures with varying angles, according to the characteristics of major pathways. Fasciculi exhibited non-straight paths around obstacles like blood vessels, comparable across the samples of varying fibre complexity and demyelination. Quantifications of fibre orientation distributions were consistent across anatomical length scales and modalities, whereas tissue anisotropy had a more complex relationship, both dependent on the field-of-view. Our study emphasises the need to balance field-of-view and voxel size when characterising white matter features across length scales.
Synaptic deregulation of cholinergic projection neurons causes olfactory dysfunction across 5 fly Parkinsonism models
Authors: Pech Ulrike , Janssens Jasper , Schoovaerts Nils , Kuenen Sabine , Aristoy Carles Calatayud , Gallego Sandra F , Makhzami Samira , Hulselmans Gert , Poovathingal Suresh , Davie Kristofer , Bademosi Adekunle T , Swerts Jef , Vilain Sven , Aerts Stein , Verstreken Patrik
Published: February 2025

The classical diagnosis of Parkinsonism is based on motor symptoms that are the consequence of nigrostriatal pathway dysfunction and reduced dopaminergic output. However, a decade prior to the emergence of motor issues, patients frequently experience non-motor symptoms, such as a reduced sense of smell (hyposmia). The cellular and molecular bases for these early defects remain enigmatic. To explore this, we developed a new collection of five fruit fly models of familial Parkinsonism and conducted single-cell RNA sequencing on young brains of these models. Interestingly, cholinergic projection neurons are the most vulnerable cells and genes associated with presynaptic function are the most deregulated. Additional single nucleus sequencing of three specific brain regions of Parkinson’s disease patients confirms these findings. Indeed, the disturbances lead to early synaptic dysfunction, notably affecting cholinergic olfactory projection neurons crucial for olfactory function in flies. Correcting these defects specifically in olfactory cholinergic interneurons in flies or inducing cholinergic signaling in Parkinson mutant human induced dopaminergic neurons
in vitro
using nicotine, both rescue age-dependent dopaminergic neuron decline. Hence, our research uncovers that one of the earliest indicators of disease in 5 different models of familial Parkinsonism is synaptic dysfunction in higher-order cholinergic projection neurons and this contributes to the development of hyposmia. Furthermore, the shared pathways of synaptic failure in these cholinergic neurons ultimately contribute to dopaminergic dysfunction later in life.
Arctic Ocean and Barents Sea Seafloor Substrate Catalogue
Authors: Hemmateenejad Fereshteh , Savini Alessandra , Fallati Luca , Panieri Giuliana
Published: February 2025

This catalogue provides a collection of images depicting the diversity of seafloor substrates in the Arctic Ocean and the Barents Sea. The data was gathered using a range of equipment during CAGE 15-2, CAGE 17-2, CAGE 18-4, CAGE 18-5, CAGE 20-7, CAGE 21-1 (AKMA1), CAGE 22-2 (AKMA2/Ocean Senses), and AKMA3 cruises.
An adaptive method for determining the optimal number of topics in topic modeling
Authors: Xu Yang , Zhang Yueyi , Sun Yefang , Zhou Hanting
Published: February 2025

Topic models have been successfully applied to information classification and retrieval. The difficulty in successfully applying these technologies is to select the appropriate number of topics for a given corpus. Selecting too few topics can result in information loss and topic omission, known as underfitting. Conversely, an excess of topics can introduce noise and complexity, resulting in overfitting. Therefore, this article considers the inter-class distance and proposes a new method to determine the number of topics based on clustering results, named average inter-class distance change rate (AICDR). AICDR employs the Ward’s method to calculate inter-class distances, then calculates the average inter-class distance for different numbers of topics, and determines the optimal number of topics based on the average distance change rate. Experiments show that the number of topics determined by AICDR is more in line with the true classification of datasets, with high inter-class distance and low inter-class similarity, avoiding the phenomenon of topic overlap. AICDR is a technique predicated on clustering results to select the optimal number of topics and has strong adaptability to various topic models.
Inhibitory effects of Trichoderma asperellum culture filtrates on pathogenic bacteria, Burkholderia pseudomallei
Authors: Roopkhan Naritsara , Chaianunporn Thotsapol , Chareonsudjai Sorujsiri , Chaianunporn Kanokporn
Published: February 2025

Background

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a soil- and water-dwelling bacterium that causes the life-threatening infection melioidosis. Patients typically acquire this infection through environmental exposure, so reducing B. pseudomallei levels in the environment could mitigate the risk of infection. Trichoderma asperellum is a biological control agent that synthesizes a diverse range of antimicrobial substances targeting other microorganisms. This study therefore examined the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of T. asperellum culture filtrate against B. pseudomallei.

Methods

The antibacterial activities of T. asperellum culture filtrates, collected at various time intervals, were assessed against B. pseudomallei using the agar well diffusion method. Subsequently, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), and anti-biofilm activities of the culture filtrate exhibiting the highest inhibitory effect were determined. Bactericidal efficacy was further evaluated via a time-kill assay. The mechanisms underlying inhibition were then investigated using scanning electron microscopy and crystal violet uptake assays.

Results

Filtrate collected from 7-day old cultures of T. asperellum (TD7) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on B. pseudomallei, with an inhibition zone of 30.33 ± 0.19 mm. The MIC of TD7 against B. pseudomallei was 7.81 ± 0.00 mg/mL and the MBC ranged from 7.81 ± 0.00 to 11.72 ± 1.75 mg/mL. Time-kill studies with TD7 confirmed its bactericidal activity, with complete elimination of B. pseudomallei occurring within 30 min treatment at 62.48 mg/mL (8xMIC) and 24 h treatment at 7.81 mg/mL (1xMIC). At a concentration of  7.81 mg/mL, TD7 also significantly reduced B. pseudomallei biofilm formation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed surface roughening and cell shrinkage of TD7-treated B. pseudomallei. TD7-treated bacteria were also found to absorb more crystal violet dye than untreated cells, indicating that TD7 might inhibit and kill B. pseudomallei by disrupting cell membrane permeability.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that T. asperellum culture filtrates possess bactericidal activity and effectively disrupt biofilm formation by B. pseudomallei. This suggests that T. asperellum could potentially be used to reduce the presence of B. pseudomallei in the environment and, consequently, lower the incidence of melioidosis.
Exploring the Liminal Characteristics of Muslim Converts
Authors: Simonsohn Uriel
Published: February 2025

When considering questions of integration, assimilation, and adjustment in the formative centuries of Islam it is vital to think about the individuals who converted to Islam. The gradual nature of conversion and the enduring ties of Muslim converts to their former coreligionists kept them in a liminal position. My analysis will evolve around three spheres of inquiry: linguistic, social, and practical. Linguistically, I show how ecclesiastical Syriac and rabbinic Hebrew terms that refer to apostates speak of individuals who did not burn all bridges but retained some level of contact with their former coreligionists. With respect to society, I discuss the place of converts to Islam as treated by the law of their former religions, and, finally, I dwell upon the persistence of former religious practices among converts to Islam. By viewing converts as liminal figures and unpacking the concept of liminality in its historical context I hope to contribute to the theoretical discussion regarding the process of conversion to Islam in the early and late formative Islamic periods and to argue against its presentation in linear terms.
Front Matter
Authors: Editors
Published: February 2025

Table of Contents
Review of À la découverte du jaïnisme: Une tradition indienne
Authors: Cort John E.
Published: February 2025

À la découverte du jaïnisme: Une tradition indienne. By Nalini Balbir. Les Éditions du Cerf, 2024. Pp. 450, color illus. €36.
Review of The Inscription of Things: Writing and Materiality in Early Modern China
Authors: Vedal Nathan
Published: February 2025

The Inscription of Things: Writing and Materiality in Early Modern China. By thomas Kelly. Columbia University Press, 2023. Pp. xii + 354. $140 (cloth); $35 (paper); $34.99 (ebook).
Determine the Correlation Coefficient between the Plethysmographic Variability Index and Pulse Pressure Variation as a Marker for Intravascular Volume Status in Non Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Harsha D , Singh Amit , Kumar Praveen , Rathore Vikram Singh
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Precise evaluations of intravascular fluid status are crucial for managing haemodynamically unstable patients and for perioperative treatment. Assessing a patient’s response to fluid resuscitation is a vital and challenging aspect of intraoperative care.

Aim: To study the correlation of the Plethysmographic Variability Index (PVI) and Pulse Pressure Variation (PPV) for prediction of fluid responsiveness in non laparoscopic abdominal surgery patients.

Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted at Base Hospital Delhi Cantt, India after obtaining approval from the ethical committee and written informed consent. A total of 55 American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) I/II patients of any gender, aged between 18-60 years, who were undergoing major surgery requiring invasive arterial pressure monitoring, were included in the study. The surgery was carried out using standard general endotracheal anaesthesia along with muscle relaxation and intermittent positive pressure ventilation. The PPV and PVI were measured using the Masimo Rainbow set pulse co-oximetry. Measurements were taken five minutes before a fluid bolus and then at five-minute intervals after the fluid bolus, up to 30 minutes. The Pearson correlation coefficient, Bland-Altman plot, independent sample Student’s t-test and Chi-square test were used to test statistical significance. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: In the group of 55 patients, there were 31 females and 24 males, with age (Mean±SD) of 42.62±13.25 years for fluid responders and 47.07±13.12 years for non responders. Among them, 13 were identified as fluid responders based on a PPV >13, and 22 were identified based on a PVI >12.5. There were no significant variations in mean Heart Rate (HR) and Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) between fluid responders and non responders (p-value >0.05). Age, gender and Haemoglobin (Hb) levels were comparable in fluid responders and non responders (p-value >0.05). A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between PPV and PVI at 0, 5 and 15 minutes. The difference in PPV between fluid responders and non responders was significant at all time points (p-value <0.001). The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve for fluid responsiveness by PVI was 0.625 (95% CI: 0.453-0.797). The sensitivity and specificity of PVI were 53.85% and 64.29%, respectively.

Conclusion: Fluid responders and non responders showed a positive correlation between PPV and PVI. The PVI is a highly effective tool for guiding perioperative fluid management.
Effect of a Single Dose of Metoclopramide on Gastric Volume in Fasting Diabetic Patients Measured using Ultrasonography: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Mudalagirigowda Shwetha K , Srinivasaiah Madhu , Bramhachar Jyothi
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Diabetic patients have delayed gastric emptying time and even if adequately fasted before elective surgery, are found to have increased Gastric Volume (GV) compared to non diabetic patients. Increased GV poses them with an increased risk of aspiration during general anaesthesia. Metoclopramide is an Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug for diabetic induced gastroparesis which is given orally for a long duration unless there are any side-effects. Its intravenous use as a single dose in diabetic patients to increase gastric motility is not studied. With the use of portable ultrasound, the estimation of GV has become very easy and reliable compared to older techniques.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of metoclopramide on GV in diabetic patients using Ultrasonography (USG).

Materials and Methods: This prospective randomised doubleblinded study was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesiology, Chandramma Dayanand Sagar Institute of Medical Education and Research (a tertiary care centre), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India between March 2023 and March 2024. A total of 60 diabetic patients posted for elective surgeries who had fasted for more than eight hours were enrolled in the present study to receive either injection Metoclopramide (group M) or Injection normal saline (group N). Ultrasonography was done in both supine and right lateral position to calculate the antral diameters (antero-posterior and cranio-caudal) before and after 30 minutes of giving the drug. The Cross-sectional Area (CSA) and the GV were calculated and compared. Independent sample t-test and Mann Whitney U test were performed to compare the mean and median values of GV between the groups. The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The demographic parameters, the baseline CSA and the GV in both groups were similar. After the intervention, the GV was significantly less in group M than in group N in the right lateral position post intervention (p=0.0103). On intragroup comparison, a significant decrease in CSA and GVs was seen in the right lateral position after intervention in the study group (p<0.05). However, in the control group, there was a slight increase in the diameters and CSA but it was not significant statistically in both supine and right lateral positions.

Conclusion: A single dose of intravenous metoclopramide drug accelerated gastric emptying in diabetic patients as compared to the placebo group.
The Bioactive Compounds in Pure & Ternary Blends of Cocoyam, Soya Bean & Bambara Groundnut Flour Identified Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Technique
Authors: H.C Uro-Chukwu, , F.C. N Uro-Chukwu, , F.C.U Uro-Chukwu,
Published: February 2025

Background: Bioactive compounds (BACs) are active ingredients responsible for the biological activities of some animal and medicinal plant extracts. Among the plants foods considered as functional foods due to the presence of such BACs compositions, are cocoyam (CY), soya bean (SB) and Bambara groundnut (BGN). The BACs constituents of each of these food plants have been documented but reported BACs in flour blends of such plant foods are scanty, yet various animal experiments involving these and other flour blends are common, while consumption, sometimes on recommendation by experts, of the various plants as food mixtures, abound especially in resource-poor countries, triggering the need for this study to analyze, using Gas-Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), the BACs of these flour blends.
Methodology: Cocoyam, soya bean and Bambara groundnut purchased from a local market were processed into fine flour and grouped into pure and ternary flour blends. To ten grams (10 g) of each of the flour blends was added 2.5 L of methanol and allowed to mix for 48 h, following which the solution was filtered using musclin cloth. The filtrate so obtained was extracted for 3 h in a soxhlet apparatus, using an oven at 500C. The extract was analyzed for phytochemical constituents, using GC-MS.
Results and Discussion: The study revealed the presence of such BACs as Phenols, thiadiazole, monoterpenoids, aziridine, thiourea, stilbenes, amphetamine/phenylethylene, flavonoids, artemisinin, naphthalenes, and 1, 4-diazepanes, in the various CY-SB-BGN flour blend formulations. Each formulation had different family classifications of identified BACs. Some of these BACs have been reported in previous studies in the various pure blends of the plant foods, but blends of the plant food flours revealed additional BACs in the ternary blends.
Conclusion: Various formulations of CY-SB-BGN flour blends have classes of BACs in both pure and ternary blends, though the classes of BACs in each family varied depending on the formulation. These findings lend credence to the fact that flour mixtures of these plant foods contain BACs that may be useful in disease management and prevention.
Effect of Foliar Application of Nano and Conventional Urea on Nitrogen Uptake and Use Efficiency in Ragi (Eleusine coracana)
Authors: C Sunil, , B M Chandan, , H R Jeevan , Kadam Praveen V. , N Umme Seema
Published: February 2025

A field trial was carried out at Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Bavikere, Shivamogga, India, during Late Kharif 2022 to study the Effect of foliar application of nano and conventional urea on nitrogen uptake and use efficiency in ragi. The treatments consists of absolute control (T1), recommended dose of fertilizer (T2), 50 per cent RDN + two sprays of 0.4 per cent nano urea fertilizer at 30 & 45 DAT (T3), 75 per cent RDN + one spray of 0.4 per cent nano urea fertilizer at 30 DAT (T4), 75 per cent RDN + two sprays of 0.4 per cent nano urea fertilizer at 30 & 45 DAT (T5), 100 per cent RDN + one spray of 0.4 per cent nano urea fertilizer at 30 DAT (T6), 50 per cent RDN + two sprays of 2 per cent urea fertilizer at 30 & 45 DAT (T7), 75 per cent RDN + one spray of 2 per cent urea fertilizer at 30 DAT (T8), 75 per cent RDN + two sprays of 2 per cent urea fertilizer at 30 & 45 DAT (T9), 100 per cent RDN + one spray of 2 per cent urea fertilizer at 30 DAT (T10), four sprays of 0.4 per cent nano urea fertilizer at 15, 30, 45 & 60 DAT (T11). The results showed that the application of 100 per cent RDN + one spray of 0.4 per cent nano urea fertilizer at 30 DAT recorded higher total dry matter accumulation (46.75 g hill-1), absolute growth rate (0.64 g day-1), crop growth rate (21.39 g m-2 day-1), grain yield (3812 kg ha-1) and total nitrogen uptake (89.60 kg ha-1) as compared to other treatmnets and it  was statistically on par with the T10 and T5. The Treatment T5 recorded higher nitrogen use efficiency (48.41 %) compared to other treatments.
Determining the Effect of Panchgavya and Jeevamrutha on Growth and Yield Parameters of Chilli (Capsicum annum L.)
Authors: Kannaujiya Amit Kumar , Singh Ankit , Yadav Balwant
Published: February 2025

The present investigation highlights the effect of Panchgavya and Jeevamrutha on the Growth and Yield Parameters of Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) during Rabi season 2022-23 at Research Field, Department of Horticulture, Udai Pratap Autonomous College Varanasi. The field trial was conducted in RBD with thrice replication and seven treatments including control. The data observation on growth and yield attributes on Chilli at 30, 60, and 90 days after transplanting. For the observation, five plants are randomly selected from each plot. The application of (T5) 75% RDF + 4% Panchgavya + 400 litre/ha Jeevamrutha was found most significant in growth and yield attributes of green Chilli including plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, and fruit length, girth and fruit yield per plant and fruit weight followed by all the other treatments. The application of a combination of RDF, Panchgavya, and Jeevamrutha showed better results on the growth and yield attributes of Chilli.
Design and Implementation of the Cloud Platform System of the Picking Robot
Authors: Enjia Zhang
Published: February 2025

This paper designed picking robot data processing system based on the cloud technology, the system has the following functions: the user can view the current picking robot in the location of the orchard, environmental temperature and humidity, real-time orchard images and other environment information, and picking robot status and data such as robotic arm motion, picking robot working time and the current temperature, depth camera real-time image and picking recognition rate data. At the same time, the data of the picking robot device is interacted, collected and stored, and the data is exchanged with the cloud through MQTT Internet of Things communication protocol, and stored in the form of device log. Secondly, the system administrator on the application layer can manage all registered users and log off users; manage all the hardware equipment of picking robot such as mechanical arm, chassis car, add, delete and check the relevant data of picking robot; and open all the collected data in the database to the front end in JSON format.