bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Activity of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacterial Causative Agents of Diarrhea among Children Under the Age of 5 Years
Authors: Al-Tuhmazi Huda A. , Al-Hisnawi Ali A.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Escherichia coli is one of the most important bacterial agents that cause diarrhea in children.

Objectives:

The present study was carried out to investigate the bacterial causative agents of diarrhea in children, as well as the genes that encoded for antibiotic resistance to beta-lactams in E. coli isolated from the feces of children under the age of 5 years with symptoms of diarrhea and its relationship to antibiotic resistance.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred stool samples were collected from the diarrhea patients. Individually 15 samples of stool were planted on several culture media, and then the bacterial isolates were diagnosed using the Vitek 2 technique. After that an antibiotic sensitivity test was conducted. Forty isolates of E. coli were subjected to molecular detection by polymerase chain reaction.

Results:

The results of the sensitivity test showed that most of bacterial isolates were resistant to the all tested types of antibiotic. In contrast three (7.5%) bacterial isolates were resistant to the antibiotic Amikacin, which is the lowest percentage of resistance. The results of molecular identification showed that 12 (66%) isolates were carried the blaCTX-M gene, which was significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) compared to the isolates carrying the blaTEM gene 6 (33%) isolates.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that E. coli isolated from diarrhea children under of 5 years old conferred of antibiotics resistances against a wide range of antibiotics tested could be due to genes (such as TEM and CTX-M) which encoded to this resistance activity.
Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iraqi Patients
Authors: Al-Hattab Mohammed K. , Nahi Noor H. , Al-Kalidi Jinan H.
Published: September 2024

Background:

This study evaluated the oxidative—antioxidative status of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and to establish the data alteration among the patients and the control.

Objectives:

To determine serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), serum uric acid (UA), and catalase enzyme as a markers of oxidative stress in the patients suffering from CL.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 46 patients with CL (22 males and 24 females) aged between 5 and 60 years were subjected to investigations. Out of the total sample, 42 healthy persons (28 males and 14 females) functioned as control group, patients who received anti-leishmaniasis treatment locally or systemically for their cutaneous lesions and also patients with chronic history of medical disease or drug history for systemic or dermatological diseases were not included in this study.

Results:

For comparative evaluation of oxidative stress markers between patients and control; there were a significant increase in lipid peroxidation marker; serum MDA and non-enzymatic antioxidant marker—serum UA in the patient group in comparison to the control group, with non-significant decrease in enzymatic antioxidant—serum catalase enzyme in patients as compared with control groups. There is negative significant relationship for decrease of catalase enzyme for patients with CL above age of 15 years. The study of the patients with CL that is, associated with secondary bacterial infection shows a significant decrease in serum catalase enzyme when compared with control group.

Conclusions:

1. The results of this study clearly demonstrate the importance of serum MDA as an early biochemical indicator of peroxidative damage resulting from CL. 2. Increased serum UA, and decrease in serum catalase enzyme provided a free radical scavenger’s action.
The Assessment of IL-4 and IgG1 Levels in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Periodontitis: A Serological Study in Hilla City, Iraq
Authors: Al Amery Mustafa Ibrahim , Mohammed Huda Abbas , Majeed Zeyad Nazar
Published: September 2024

Background:

Periodontal disease, which has a complex etiology, is prevalent and influenced by several factors, including microorganism invasion, host health, and external environmental factors, contributing to its development. It is unknown whether rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis are related.

Objectives:

The current study aims to assess the relationship between periodontitis and RA by measuring the concentrations of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) in patients’ serum and quantifying Porphyromonas gingivalis in subgingival plaque samples.

Materials and Methods:

The study comprised patients with periodontitis, RA, and healthy controls. The levels of IL-4 and IgG1 in the serum samples were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The identification of subgingival plaque bacteria is made by using the polymerase chain reaction technique.

Results:

The results showed the levels of IgG1 were high in healthy people compared to those with periodontitis and those with periodontitis and arthritis, where the levels in healthy people were 2.3 ± 0.28, 2.06 ± 0.55, 2.05 ± 2.34, 1.82 ± 0.77 in the age groups 41:50, 20:30, 51:60, 31:40, respectively. It was found that there are significant differences between the values of IgG1 and IL-4 in patients with periodontitis at P ≤ 0.05 which is considered a differential sign.

Conclusion:

The concentrations of IL-4 and IgG1 are decreased in patients (periodontitis and periodontitis with rheumatoid arthritis) compared to their concentrations in healthy people. Thus, we indicate IL-4 was related to reducing the severity of periodontitis disease and RA.
Aminoglycoside Susceptibility among Extensive Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Hospitalized Patients in Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq
Authors: Jawad Shaimaa Shakir , Al-Azawi Ibtisam Habeeb
Published: September 2024

Background:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most prevalent Gram-negative microbes associated with serious and fatal nosocomial infections. It is routine to use aminoglycosides as a treatment for P. aeruginosa infections.

Objectives:

The dissemination of aminoglycoside resistance offers a major challenge to the treatment of life-threatening infections caused by these bacteria.

Aim of Study:

Determination of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and 16S ribosomal RNA methylases in extensive-drug resistant (XDR) P. aeruginosa isolates.

Materials and Methods:

From November 2021 to August 2022, a total of 200 samples were collected in this cross-sectional study including burns (n = 80, 40%), wounds (n = 66, 33%), and diabetic foot ulcers (n = 54, 27%) from admitted patients to Al-Diwaniyah Burn Center and Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital. The identification and antibiotic susceptibility profile of P. aeruginosa were done by vitek2 compact system. The isolates were subjected to polymerase chain reaction assays with specific primers for ant(4’)-IIa, ant(4’)-IIb, acc(6’)-Ia, aph(3’)-IIb, rmtA, and rmtD.

Results:

The recovery rate of P. aeruginosa isolates was (n = 50, 25.0%) from the clinical samples. Antibiotic-susceptibility patterns demonstrated that 18% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant and 22 (44%) were XDR. The XDR isolates were resistant to all 14 antibiotics related to the seven antibiotic classes tested in this study. The prevalence of aminoglycoside resistance genes among XDR isolates is ant(4’)-IIa (22.7%), (4’)-IIb (27.3%), acc(6’)-Ia (18.18%), aph(3’)-IIb (100%), rmtA (36.36%), rmtD (36.36%), mexZ and parR (100%).

Conclusion:

Increased resistance to aminoglycosides in Al-Diwaniyah Hospitals serves to highlight how critical this issue is when treating multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa infections that are life-threatening. All the resistance isolates harbored aph(3’)-IIb gene.
Clinical Outcome of Manual Small-incision Cataract Surgery in Patients with Phacolytic Glaucoma
Authors: Ramappa Raghavendra , Parande Madhuri , Shaji Harsha , Hegde Shubhratha S. , Sukumary Niranjana
Published: September 2024

Aim and Objective:

To study the clinical outcome of cataract surgery in patients with phacolytic glaucoma.

Materials and Methods:

This is a hospital based prospective interventional study done on 50 eyes of 50 cases of phacolytic glaucoma conducted over one year. Following initial medical management, patients underwent lens extraction through manual small incision cataract surgery (SICS). Clinical examination, best corrected visual acuity and intraocular pressure were noted preoperatively as well as postoperatively.

Result:

A total of 50 patients were enrolled in this study with female to male ratio of 1.5:1. The mean age of presentation was 62.48 years. Preoperative vision in the affected eye was only perception of light in all of them and IOP measured at presentation was <30 mm Hg in 11 (22%), 30-40 mm in 17 (34%), 40-50 mm in 14 (28%) and >50 mm in 8 (16%). Thirty patients (60%) had good vision in fellow eye due to pseudophakia. The average duration between the first and second eye surgery was 1-3 years. 94% of our patients were from rural areas. All patients presented within one week of the onset of symptoms. All patients underwent manual small incision cataract surgery with rigid IOL implantation in 35 patients (70%), whereas 15 cases (30%) were left aphakic and planned for secondary IOL at a later date. Intraoperative complications noted were zonular dehiscence in 38%, anterior capsular calcification which led to difficulty in anterior capsulorhexis in 32%, peripheral rhexis runoff in 20%, subluxated lens in 12% and posterior capsular rupture in 14%. BCVA at the end of 1 month was >6/12 in 21 patients (42%), 6/12-6/18 in 14 patients (28%), and <6/18 in 15 patients (30%). Among the 15 patients with vision <6/18, 14 had low vision due to aphakia, and 1 had cystoid macular edema which was treated with systemic and oral steroids and topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents.

Conclusion:

We concluded that lens-induced glaucoma is a cause of preventable blindness, particularly in elderly patients. Factors such as ignorance, socioeconomic challenges, lack of awareness, absence of an escort, and good vision in the other eye contribute to delayed presentation. Early diagnosis and treatment, along with sequential cataract surgery, are crucial for achieving better visual outcomes and preventing complications like lens-induced glaucoma.
Venous thromboembolism risk and its assessment in hospitalized patients
Authors: Nicolaides Andrew N. , Fareed Jawed , Spyropoulos Alex C , Caprini Joe , Prandoni Paolo
Published: September 2024

The annual incidence of symptomatic deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and venous thromboembolic (VTE) (DVT plus pulmonary embolism) in the adult population is estimated to be 50–100 and 75–150/100,000, respectively, and the incidence doubles for every 10-year increase in age. Patients admitted to hospitals, both surgical and medical, are at particularly increased risk for VTE, and the problem has been shown to continue after discharge. The risk is increased by age, obesity, malignancy, history of VTE, family history of DVT, stay in the intensive care unit, hereditary or acquired thrombophilia, and more recently, an elevated D-dimer. This risk is also affected by the nature and duration of the operation, type of anesthesia, immobility, dehydration, sepsis, varicose veins, inflammatory bowel disease, hormone replacement therapy, pregnancy, and pregnancy-related complications (stillborn infant, unplanned abortions, placental insufficiency, and growth retarded infant). Several risk assessment scoring systems are now available for clinical use. The ones most commonly used are the Rogers, Caprini, and Chao-Yang in surgical patients and the Padua, International Medical Prevention Registry on Venous Thromboembolism, and IMPROVEDD in acutely ill medical patients. The mandatory use of a risk assessment tool on admission and in high VTE risk patients at discharge as well and implementation of an evidence-based pathway for thromboprophylaxis have made the prevention of many fatal pulmonary emboli after surgery or hospitalization a reality.
Surgical treatment of varicose veins reduces leg edema and generalized edema: Alleviating clinical symptoms throughout the body
Authors: Tomita Shinji , Koyama Yutaka , Inagaki Masahiro , Ozoe Satoki
Published: September 2024

Edema presents itself in two primary forms: generalized edema and localized edema. Previous studies suggest that varicose veins contribute to systemic edema. We investigated if treating them could alleviate symptoms elsewhere. Case 1: A 58-year-old female with varicose veins underwent surgery, reducing edema and symptoms across the body. Case 2: A 75-year-old male experienced similar relief postsurgery. Body composition analysis supported systemic improvement. Facial and hand edema decreased, correlating with trunk edema reduction. These cases challenge the notion of varicose veins as solely local. Surgery not only targets leg edema but also alleviates systemic symptoms, warranting further investigation into varicose vein management’s broader impacts.
Rigidity of $\mathbf{\textit{U}}$-Gibbs measures near conservative Anosov diffeomorphisms on $\mathbb{T}^{3}$
Authors: Alvarez Sébastien , Leguil Martin , Obata Davi , Santiago Bruno
Published: September 2024

We show that within a

C^{1}

-neighborhood

{\mathcal{U}}

of the set of volume preserving Anosov diffeomorphisms on the three-torus

{\mathbb{T}^3}

which are strongly partially hyperbolic with expanding center, any

f\in{\mathcal{U}}\cap{\operatorname{Diff}^2(\mathbb{T}^3)}

satisfies the dichotomy: either the strong-stable and strong-unstable bundles

E^{s}

,

E^{u}

of

f

are jointly integrable, or any fully supported

u

-Gibbs measure of

f

is SRB.
Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Transarterial chemoembolization combined with lenvatinib in combination with programmed death-1 inhibition is a possible approach
Authors: Zhao Fei-Yu , Wang Dong-Yu , Qian Nian-Song
Published: September 2024

In this editorial, we review the article “Efficacy and predictive factors of transarterial chemoembolization combined with lenvatinib plus programmed cell death protein-1 inhibition for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma”. We specifically focused on whether transarterial chemoembolization combined with lenvatinib in combination with a programmed death 1 inhibitor could be used in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Since both transarterial chemoembolization as well as lenvatinib in combination with programmed death 1 inhibitors play an important role in the treatment of advanced liver cancer, but the combination of all three therapeutic approaches needs more research.
Advances in endoscopic diagnosis and management of colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Shi-Wei , Liu Xiang , Sun Si-Yu
Published: September 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading global health concern, and early identification and precise prognosis play a vital role in enhancing patient results. Endoscopy is a minimally invasive imaging technique that is crucial for the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of CRC. This editorial discusses the importance of advances in endoscopic techniques, the integration of artificial intelligence, and the potential of novel technologies in enhancing the diagnosis and management of CRC.
Multidisciplinary approaches in the management of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Exploring future directions
Authors: Liu Xin-Jin , Lin Yi-Xiu , Chen Liu-Xiang , Yang Wen-Juan , Hu Bing
Published: September 2024

Recently, we read the article “Pathologically successful conversion hepatectomy for advanced giant hepatocellular carcinoma after multidisciplinary therapy: A case report and review of the literature” published in the World Journal of Gas trointestinal Oncology . The prognosis of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poor, and multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment is currently the main research direction. This case report demonstrated the efficacy of the combination therapy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy, epclusa, lenvatinib and sintilimab for a patient with advanced HCC, and the report can serve as a reference for clinical practice. We would also like to share some of our views.
Clinical implications of the latest advances in gastrointestinal tumor research
Authors: Dai Wei , Li Yuan-Qi , Zhou You
Published: September 2024

In this editorial, we provide commentary on six articles recently published in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology . These articles collectively present the latest findings in the field of gastric and colorectal cancer (CRC) research. The global incidence of gastric cancer varies based on geographical location, age, and sex. The disease predominantly affects middle-aged and elderly individuals, with a slightly higher prevalence in men than in women. CRC is characterized by a low 5-year survival rate and high mortality rate. It primarily affects individuals over the age of 50, and the risk of disease increases with age. Both gastric and CRC pose significant health threats, thus requiring more effective diagnostic, therapeutic, and supportive care strategies to improve patient outcomes. The articles discussed in this editorial encompass topics such as screening, diagnosis, mechanisms of progression, and postoperative recovery in gastric and CRC, and the findings offer valuable insights for clinical decision-making in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of gastrointestinal cancers.
Research progress of tumor-associated macrophages in immune checkpoint inhibitor tolerance in colorectal cancer
Authors: Fan Qi , Fu Zheng-Wei , Xu Ming , Lv Feng , Shi Jia-Song , Zeng Qi-Qi , Xiong De-Hai
Published: September 2024

The relevant mechanism of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the treatment of colorectal cancer patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is discussed, and the application prospects of TAMs in reversing the treatment tolerance of ICIs are discussed to provide a reference for related studies. As a class of drugs widely used in clinical tumor immunotherapy, ICIs can act on regulatory molecules on cells that play an inhibitory role-immune checkpoints-and kill tumors in the form of an immune response by activating a variety of immune cells in the immune system. The sensitivity of patients with different types of colorectal cancer to ICI treatment varies greatly. The phenotype and function of TAMs in the colorectal cancer microenvironment are closely related to the efficacy of ICIs. ICIs can regulate the phenotypic function of TAMs, and TAMs can also affect the tolerance of colorectal cancer to ICI therapy. TAMs play an important role in ICI resistance, and making full use of this target as a therapeutic strategy is expected to improve the immunotherapy efficacy and prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.
Update understanding on diagnosis and histopathological examination of atrophic gastritis: A review
Authors: Ma Xiu-Zhen , Zhou Ni , Luo Xiu , Guo Si-Qi , Mai Ping
Published: September 2024

Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is a complex syndrome in which long-term chronic inflammatory stimulation causes gland atrophy in the gastric mucosa, reducing the stomach's ability to secrete gastric juice and pepsin, and interfering with its normal physiological function. Multiple pathogenic factors contribute to CAG incidence, the most common being Helicobacter pylori infection and the immune reactions resulting from gastric autoimmunity. Furthermore, CAG has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, including gastroenterology and extra-intestinal symptoms and signs, such as hematology, neurology, and oncology. Therefore, the initial CAG evaluation should involve the examination of clinical and serological indicators, as well as diagnosis confirmation via gastroscopy and histopathology if necessary. Depending on the severity and scope of atrophy affecting the gastric mucosa, a histologic staging system (Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment or Operative Link on Gastritis intestinal metaplasia) could also be employed. Moreover, chronic gastritis has a higher risk of progressing to gastric cancer (GC). In this regard, early diagnosis, treatment, and regular testing could reduce the risk of GC in CAG patients. However, the optimal interval for endoscopic monitoring in CAG patients remains uncertain, and it should ideally be tailored based on individual risk evaluations and shared decision-making processes. Although there have been many reports on CAG, the precise etiology and histopathological features of the disease, as well as the diagnosis of CAG patients, are yet to be fully elucidated. Consequently, this review offers a detailed account of CAG, including its key clinical aspects, aiming to enhance the overall understanding of the disease.
Transformed gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma originating in the colon and developing metachronously after Helicobacter pylori eradication: A case report
Authors: Saito Makoto , Tanei Zen-Ichi , Tsuda Masumi , Suzuki Toma , Yokoyama Emi , Kanaya Minoru , Izumiyama Koh , Mori Akio , Morioka Masanobu , Kondo Takeshi
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori ) eradication treatment for primary gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma has already been established. However, t (11;18) (q21;q21)/API2-MALT1 translocation-positive lesions are a type of primary gastric MALT lymphoma in which a response to eradication treatment is difficult to achieve. In addition, trisomy 18 may be associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) transformation of gastric MALT lymphoma.

CASE SUMMARY

A 66-year-old man was diagnosed with MALT lymphoma in the ascending colon by colonoscopy and biopsy. Two years later, esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed chronic atrophic gastritis that was positive for H. pylori , and eradication treatment was administered. Two years and nine months later (at the age of 70), a new ulcerative lesion suggestive of MALT lymphoma appeared in the gastric body, and six months later, a similar lesion was also found in the fundus. One year later (4 years and 3 months after H. pylori eradication), at the age of 72, the lesion in the gastric body had become deeper and had propagated. A biopsy revealed a pathological diagnosis of DLBCL. Both MALT lymphoma lesions in the ascending colon and DLBCL lesions in the stomach were positive for the t (11;18) (q21;q21)/API2-MALT1 translocation, and trisomy 18q21 was also detected. After 6 courses of R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone) chemotherapy, all of the above lesions disappeared [complete remission (CR)], and CR has been maintained for more than 3 years. In addition, both the colonic and gastric lesions were proven to have the same clonality.

CONCLUSION

Because the patient had a MALT1 translocation with trisomy 18q21, it was thought that this gastric MALT lymphoma developed independently of H. pylori infection and progressed.
Gross Morphological Effect of Benincasa hispida on Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxicity in Treated Wister Albino Rats
Authors: Odhiambo Elkana Modi , Kosiyo Paul Mboya , Domnic Marera Oduor , Ayonga Oyale Warren
Published: September 2024

Background: Paracetamol is an over-the-counter medication commonly used for managing low grade pain and fever. However, despite its clinical effectiveness, it has been associated with liver disease when taken in overdose. From literatures, Benincasa hispida has been associated with the hepatoprotective effects on drug induced hepatotoxicity. However, there is paucity of literature showing the hepatoprotective effects of Benincasa hispida on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Aim: To evaluate the gross morphological effect of Benincasa hispida on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in Wister albino rats. Materials and Methods: This was a posttest-only true experimental design in which 25 Wister Albino Rats were used. Systematic random sampling method was used in recruiting and assigning the animals into control and experimental groups. Wister Albino rats as the sample population because of their strong genomic correlation with human being. The 25 animals were separated into five groups, each group having five animals. All the animals were concurrently treated with a constant dose of 1500mg/kg/bwt of Paracetamol and Different doses of Benincasa hispida except the Control that only fed on water adlibitum. Paracetamol was only administered with the 1500mg/kg/bwt. High, medium, low dose groups were administered with concurrent administration of 1500mg/kg/bwt of Paracetamol and 300, 200, 100mg/kg/bwt of Benincasa hispida respectively. On the 20th day, the animals were humanely sacrificed. The animals were dissected and the gross morphometric measurements such as the volume, weight, thickness and width of the liver were taken. The data was then uploaded into the statistical package for social science. The one-way ANOVA and post hoc test were used to test the significance level at the confidence interval at 95% and the p ˂ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: There was a significance (p ˂0.05) decrease in the terminal body weight of the paracetamol group as differentiated with the control. There was significance (p ˂ 0.001) reduction in the weight, length, width and thickness of the liver in the Paracetamol group relative to the control group. There was a statistical (p ˂ 0.001) difference of the weight, length, width and thickness of the liver of the High dose group as compared to the Paracetamol group. Conclusion: The gross morphological parameters such as the terminal body weight, Volume, thickness, weight of the liver can be used in assessing the histopathological changes on the hepatoprotective effects of Benincasa hispida on paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity.
A cidade-empresa e a gestão das tensões espaciais
Authors: Soares Edmilson Campos , Moreira Erika vanessa
Published: September 2024

Nos últimos anos, cresceu a participação e o engajamento político das empresas, integrando o que se convencionou chamar de Responsabilidade Social Empresarial (RSE). O artigo, resultado de um aprofundamento teórico de uma dissertação de mestrado, buscou demonstrar, por meio de um arcabouço bibliográfico, como a produção do espaço se contrapõe a uma suposta prática social solidária e sustentável que pretende explicar a crescente participação e engajamento político das empresas. Essas, por sua vez, operam a transformação das dinâmicas espaciais nas cidades em “negócio social”, fazendo da própria questão social um instrumento da submissão neoliberal. Concluiu-se que as atividades de RSE têm como finalidade superar as barreiras de acumulação de capital, o que depende da gestão das tensões espaciais decorrentes de sua atuação, além de utilizar a questão social como vantagem competitiva dentro do sistema concorrencial capitalista. O avanço político das empresas na prestação de serviços sociais tem sido um assunto pouco abordado pela análise geográfica, necessária para compreender o contexto das estratégias privatistas que impactam as cidades.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC HERITAGE THROUGH THE LENS OF SERBIAN-MAJOR STUDENTS AND STUDENTS OF OTHER LANGUAGES
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Philology and Arts, Serbia, Jerotijević Tišma Danica M.
Published: September 2024

With the rapid development of technology and the availability of mobile devices of various types and purposes, people and their entire reality are being moved into a virtual world where the levelling of diver- sity and multiculturalism is emphasized and cultivated. Therefore, in sociolinguistics and other social sciences, there has been an ongoing interest in the issue of the cultural identity of digital citizens. As, at a certain point, education became almost entirely dependent on digital platforms and the global network, students of philology found them- selves in a similar situation. Bearing the aforementioned in mind, the present paper examines the attitudes of Serbian-major students and students of foreign languages, primarily English, German and Spanish, regarding the importance of preserving Serbian (in this case, native) cultural and linguistic heritage. The results demonstrated that the participants had generally shown positive attitudes. However, a more precise statistical testing revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in both the knowledge and attitudes between Serbian-major students and students of other languages. Gender like- wise proved to be a statistically significant predictor of variation in atti- tudes, with male respondents and students who declared to be a gender other than male or female, inclined toward less positive attitudes. Year of study, the socio-economic and educational background of students’ parents were not statistically significant factors in predicting the vari- ation in the responses. The findings have important pedagogical impli- cations emphasizing the need for continuous education in matters pertaining to cultural and linguistic heritage.
EFFECTIVENESS OF GRATITUDE INTERVENTIONS IN SCHOOLS TO INCREASE SENSE OF SCHOOL BELONGING TO HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Fadil Ahmad , Ayriza Yulia
Published: September 2024

A sense of school belonging that tends to be low has an impact on problematic behavior at school, so effective psychological intervention is needed. One form of intervention carried out is gratitude intervention. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of gratitude interventions in increasing the sense of school belonging of high school students. This study uses a quantitative approach with the type of experimental research, and the design used is a pre-experimental one group pretest-posttest design. The research was conducted on students of SMA Negeri 5 Soppeng with 34 students. The determination of research participants was using the purposive sampling technique. Data were obtained by filling out the Psychological Sense of School Membership (PSSM) scale before and after the gratitude intervention. The validity of the PSSM scale was calculated using the Aiken's V test and obtained a coefficient of 0.88, while the reliability test used Cronbach's Alfa, with a reliability coefficient value of 0.86. The data analysis technique uses the N-Gain score test. The results showed that the average score of sense of school belonging before the intervention was 40.15, while after the intervention it increased to 73.5, the results of the hypothesis test using the difference index (N Gain Score) recorded an increase of 55.9. Thus, the hypothesis in this study is accepted, which means that gratitude interventions in schools are quite effective in increasing the sense of school belonging of high school students.
The Mediating Role of Self-Compassion Between Suicidal Ideation and Gender Role in Adolescents
Authors: Tapeinos Athanasios , Karakasidou Eirini , Stalikas Anastassios
Published: September 2024

The current research explored the mediating role of self-compassion between suicidal ideation and gender role in adolescents. The term “self-compassion” refers to a relatively new concept in the scientific field of positive psychology, which has demonstrated significant importance for human well-being. In this study, 814 adolescents aged 14-19 years participated. Results indicated that self-compassion levels were higher among boys compared to girls, and also that self-compassion appeared to increase with the adolescents’ age. For boys, self-compassion fully mediated the relationship between masculinity and suicidal ideation, where the direct effect was not significant, but the indirect effect was significant. For girls, self-compassion mediated the relationship between both masculinity and femininity and suicidal ideation, with significant indirect effects. These findings highlight the critical role of self-compassion as a protective factor in the context of counseling psychology, suggesting that incorporating self-compassion into preventive mental health strategies could significantly benefit adolescents facing challenges associated with gender roles and suicidal ideation.
Responsabilidad social corporativa internacional: impacto en la reputación y lealtad del cliente
Authors: Espinoza Nelson Xavier Bucheli , Palma Cruz María Cusme , Macías Sandra Cecilia Muñoz , Miranda Diana Isabel Cadena
Published: September 2024

El artículo analiza el estudio de la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC) en el ámbito del marketing internacional, con especial atención a su impacto en la reputación corporativa y la fidelidad de los clientes. Esta investigación examina cómo las actividades de RSC influyen directamente (a través de los mercados desarrollados y emergentes) en las percepciones de los clientes sobre la empresa, así como en su satisfacción y disposición a ser leales a largo plazo, además, examina el papel mediador de la reputación corporativa en la relación entre la RSC y la fidelidad de los clientes, que podría funcionar como un activo estratégico para la diferenciación en el mercado después de tener una reputación positiva gracias a prácticas éticas y responsables. A través de una revisión en profundidad de la literatura más reciente y de ejemplos de empresas multinacionales, este artículo afirma que la gestión eficaz de la RSC afecta positivamente a la imagen de la empresa ante los ojos de la confianza y la lealtad de los clientes, que, en los sectores en los que la credibilidad es vital, son dimensiones importantes. Los resultados del estudio implican que las actividades de RSC bien diseñadas y comunicadas de manera eficaz tienen una influencia no solo en la mejora de la reputación corporativa, sino también en la intención de compra y la lealtad de los clientes.
Significance of Sanskrit Sahitya and Darshana in Ayurvedic Literature
Authors: Verity Markhap  , Khagen Basumatary  , Clarity Markhap
Published: September 2024

Bhasha or language is the most important media of communication for the human race since ages, Various languages as per their specific region adapts a unique style of grammaticalization. Sanskrit, known as the language of Gods is the oldest language with the most scientific grammaticalization. Ayurveda, the science of life has been narrated and pass down since ages by virtue of Sanskrit. The Ayurvedic Tantras are composed in Sanskrit Shlokas, these verse are studied and analysed for acquiring the proper knowledge of Ayurveda. Without the Sanskrit language, it is unthinkable of obtaining the knowledge of Ayurvedic healing. The newfangled ventures in the field of literature has re-highlighted the old languages and their learning techniques, Sanskrit is studied in many educational institute for its scientific ethnicity and diversity. Similarly, Sanskrit in Ayurvedic literature needs to be upgraded and highlighted efficiently. Profuse concepts applied in the system of Ayurveda, are kindred with Sanskrit literature. These, concept when studied culminated in highlighting the importance of Sanskrit Sahitya in Ayurveda.
Apoptotic Properties of Leaf Extracts of Simarouba glauca Against Lung Cancer- A549 Cells
Authors: Amirthavarshini.A  , M.Latharani  , S.Mathukumar
Published: September 2024

Simarouba glauca belonging to the family of Simaroubaceae and is commonly known as The Paradise tree, Laxmitaru tree (Common name) or Sorgamaram (Siddha Name). It has a long history of herbal medicine in many countries. It is a native of South America and its bark decoction is given for dysentry and hence called dysentry bark. The drug contains phytochemicals such as glaucarubin, quassinoids, ailanthione, benzoquinone, holacanthone, melianone, simaroubidin, simarolide, sistosterol. Objectives: This study isto evaluate apoptotic activity of leaf extracts of Simarouba glauca against A549 Lung Cancer Cell line using MTT Assay and determining the % cell viability on increasing concentrations. Materials and Methods: Plant sample is collected and leaf Extract is prepared by adding 5gm of dried leaves powder in 50 ml aqueous extract. And to assess cell proliferation and viability MTT cell viability test was performed and apoptotic properties were identified. Aqueous extract of various concentration were used (12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200µg/ml) to confirm the increased apoptotic activity on increasing concentration. Conclusion: These findings suggested that Simarouba glauca leaf extracts inhibited lung cancer cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The leaf extracts of Simarouba glauca was found to be nontoxic to alveoli,pneumocytes. It can be concluded that Simarouba glauca is an important source of phytochemicals posing efficacy against lung cancer cells.
Management of Parkinson’s Disease (Kampavata) Through Panchakarma
Authors: Kruti K. Raicha  , Anup Thakar
Published: September 2024

Parkinson's disease is a progressive degenerative neurological disorder mainly affecting geriatric population. The most crucial signs and symptoms of Parkinson’s disease arise while the nerve cells in basal ganglia, an area of mind that controls the movement grow to be impaired or die. When these neurons die or get impaired, they generally tend to produce much less amount of vital chemical in the brain known as Dopamine which causes numerous signs and symptoms like tremors, rigidity in muscular tissues, akinesia and postural disability related to numerous cognitive, behavioural and other mental signs. In Ayurveda due to similar disease presentation, Parkinson's disease can be compared with Kampavata. Kampavata has been described under Vataja Nanatmaja Vyadhi. Various Panchakarma therapies have been mentioned in classics for the treatment of Kampavata like Abhyanga, Swedana, Niruha Basti, Anuvasana Basti, Shirobasti and Virechana. In this case study, a 68 years old male patient came to ITRA Hospital having complaints of tremors in both upper limbs, difficulty in speech and slowness of movements since last 10 years. He was already diagnosed with Pankinson's disease and is receiving allopathy treatment for the same since last 10 years. Here he was given treatment like Abhyanga, Swedana, Matra Basti and Nasya for 21 days. The patient got moderate improvement in his signs and symptoms. It was concluded with the study that Panchakarma therapies has been found beneficial in improving quality of life of patient.
Pharmacognostical and Pharmaceutical Analysis of Yavanishadavadi Vati - An Ayurvedic Polyherbal Formulation
Authors: Kanchan Bala  , Mandip Goyal  , Harisha C.R  , Mukesh Nariya  , Meera Cholera
Published: September 2024

Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) is caused by the aerobic acid-fast rod-shaped bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This tiny bacterium, expelled from a contagious host, can remain suspended in air as droplet nuclei for hours. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a form of TB caused by bacteria that do not respond to isoniazid and rifampicin, the 2 most effective first-line TB drugs. In Ayurveda, the term Rajayakshma has been used interchangeably with tuberculosis. Rajayakshma is primarily attributable to Dhatukshaya (tissue emaciation or loss). Aim: To analyze the Pharmacognostical and Pharmaceutical properties of Yavanishadavadi Vati. Materials and Methods: Yavanishadavadi Vati was subjected to microscopic evaluation for pharmacognostical study, physico-chemical analysis like hardness, weight variation, loss on drying, ash value, acid insoluble extract, pH value, water soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). Result: Pharmacognostical study showed the presence of certain identifying characteristics of all the ingredients of Yavanishadavadi Vati that is Yavani, Tintidaka, Shunthi, Amalvetasa, Dadima, Badara, Dhanyaka, Suvarchal Lavana, Jeeraka, Dalchini, Pippali, Maricha and Sarkara. In pharmaceutical study, preliminary physico-chemical analysis showed that hardness of Yavanishadavadi Vati was hardness 6.6Kg/cm2, ash value 10.59%w/w, loss on drying 8.17%w/w, water soluble extract 28.6%w/w, alcohol soluble extract 20.2%w/w and pH value was 6.5. HPTLC analysis showed eleven spots in 254nm and nine spots in 365nm. Conclusion: Present work was carried out to standardize the polyherbal formulation Yavanishadavadi Vati in terms of its identity, quality and purity. Pharmacognostical and physico-chemical observations revealed the specific characters of all the active constituents in the preparation.
A Comparative Study to assess the Treatment Cost of Ayurvedic Medicine (Ginger and Castor Oil) and Modern Medicine (DMARDs) in Amavata (Rheumatoid Arthritis)
Authors: Sunil Kumar  , Pandey Aparnesh , Rajendra Prasad  , Arun Kumar Singh  , Piyush Yadav
Published: September 2024

Ama and Vata are the initial elements in the pathophysiology of Tridosha, whereas Amavata is a result of their vitiation. The expense of treatment is a major factor in the economic burden of RA for both the patient and the health and social care systems. Objective: a. To assess the socio-demographic conditions of the patients of Amavata. b. To compare the cost of a one-month treatment of ginger and castor oil with DMARD in the management of Amavata. Methodology: Total 72 patients of RA Fulfilling the inclusion criteria and having symptoms of RA were enrolled for this Interventional study. Patients were treated in two different groups- Group A- 36 clinically diagnosed and registered patients of Amavata were treated by DMARD Group B- 36 clinically diagnosed and registered patients of Amavata were treated with ginger and castor oil. After the completion of the study, total 62 patients came after one month of treatment, so we included 62 patients in this study. 32 patients in group A and 30 patients in group B Results: The average direct cost of treatment of RA patients in 2024 was estimated as Rs. 2669.17 ($31.96)/month in group A (DMARD Group) and Rs. 1386.69 ($16.62) in group B (Ginger and Castor oil). Major part of total direct costs was covered by medicines (Rs. 1583) in group A and Laboratory cost (Rs. 600) in group B.  The ratio of one-month cost of DMARD and Ayurvedic medicine (ginger and castor oil) was 12:1. Discussion: The cost of Ayurvedic medicine was very low in comparison to DMARD. Ayurvedic Medicine ginger and castor oil were easily available, safe, effective and cheap.
Critical Analysis on the Role of Nidra in the Maintenance of Health - An Ayurvedic Review
Authors: Sreehari R Nath  , Mallikarjun S Yalagond
Published: September 2024

Sleep which is often considered to be a “passive activity” is increasingly being recognized as an essential aspect in both heath promotion as well as prevention of chronic diseases. Insufficient sleep, either directly or indirectly, is associated with a number of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, obesity as well as depression. Insufficient sleep is associated with the onset of these diseases and also posses’ important implications for their management and its outcome. Ayurveda considers Nidra as one among the Trayo upasthambha’s along with Ahara and Brahmacharya. These 3 factors maintained in optimum quantity and quality is essential for living a healthier disease free life. Lack of sleep is considered as Nidranasha in Ayurveda which is attributed to the development of multiple chronic life style disorders in longer run. The role of improper Nidra in the development of different chronic diseases should be understood properly to prevent the damage from them and to promote healthy living among the human beings around the world.
Effect of Nidra on Meda Dhatu with special reference to Different Dehaprakriti
Authors: Minal Patil  , Ravindra S. Dhimdhime  , Yogesh Shevale  , Amruta Rajenimbalkar
Published: September 2024

According to Ayurveda, sleep is included in Upastambha Traya, Adharaniya Vega hence it sustains life. Getting enough Nidra helps in maintaining normal growth and development of the body. According to Ayurveda, improper sleep (Nidra Viparyaya) may cause some life style diseases (Sthaulya). So, it can be said that abnormal, inadequate Nidra can make a person Atura (diseased). Among the seven Dhatus, Meda with Jala and Prithvi as its dominant elements, is solid and soft. It is the storage site for excess fat in the body. Definition of Swastha also refers to the moderate quantity of the seven Dhatus of the body. Disorders may develop if there is variation in it. In this context, the excess accumulation of Meda Dhatu that is Medo Vruddhi results in overweight/obesity and decrease in Meda Dhatu that is Meda Kshaya results in underweight. Nidra has such inevitable effects on mind and body. In Ayurveda, Acharya Charak has stated in Charak Sutrasthan, Adhyay 21/51 “Swapnahar Samutthe Cha Sthaulya Karshye Visheshatah” that means Aahar and Nidra are the main causes for Sthaulya and Karshya. Also, modern science has stated that sleep requirement is not constant but has to be taken as per the persons need. Therefore, to sum up, In, today’s era, sleep is seen to be majorly disturbed which is one of the reasons for psychosomatic disorders. There is disturbed fat distribution observed in people surrounding us with no major co-morbidity but still showing symptoms related to Meda Dhatu. Therefore, to reveal the role of Nidra to cause the improper Meda dhatu distribution in body So, this study is being carried to explore the effect of Nidra on Meda Dhatu with special reference to different Deha Prakriti.
Ayurvedic Management of Tamak Shwasa (Bronchial Asthma) in Child
Authors: Divate Supriya D  , Ratnaparkhi Karuna S
Published: September 2024

Tamak Shwasa is a term that encompasses many illnesses together with shortness of breath as the main symptom. However we can also companion bronchial asthma with Tamak Shwasa due to the last four, 3 of them are incurable and the fourth is Kshudra Shwasa, which is resulting from overwork and overeating, it may be cured in a simple manner. Early onset is easy to treat, however the chronic condition is hard to deal with. In Ayurveda, the word Shwasa defines as a disease in itself as well as symptoms and issues of different diseases. Acharya Charaka describes Tamak Shwasa as a Yappya sort of contamination where in the patient has to depend on remedy for alleviation. Acharya Charak teaches different accurate thoughts approximately Tamak Shwasa. In this text a single case study of 10 years boy identified with Tamaka shwasa treated with Ayurvedic control like Shamana and Mrudu Shodhana given in details.
Clinical Study of Godhuma Yusha (Triticum Aestivum Linn.) in Amlapitta (Gastritis)
Authors: S Roja Bai  , Renu Dixit  , K.V.Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy  , Rajiv Dixit
Published: September 2024

Gastritis is a condition that results from inflammation of the gastric mucosal layer characterized by swelling, pain and mucosal membrane irritation of the stomach. Gastritis in Ayurveda can be compared to Amlapitta and consumption of Godhuma in Ayurvedic classics is shown to be very effective. Objectives: To evaluate the study on Godhuma yusha in Amlapitta (gastritis) and assess its effects on Amlapitta (gastritis) Study Design: This was a randomized controlled study with 30 patients divided into two groups. Group A and Group B. Intervention: Group A included 15 patients and was administered 15ml of Godhuma yusha twice daily for a period of 3months. Group B also had 15 patients and was administered placebo 5gm twice daily. All the patients were followed at an interval of 15 days up to 3 months. Results: All the parameters such as Amlodgara, Hritkantadaha, Gourava, Utklesha, Avipaka and Agnimandya showed significant results in both the groups; Group A and Group B after the treatment compared to before treatment with p<0.0001 with more significant results in Group A compared to Group B with statistically significant results (p<0.001). Conclusion: Godhuma Yusha consumption was more effective compared to placebo in the management of Amlapitta.