bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Status of lycaenid butterflies in some selected forests of Bangladesh
Authors: Akand S , Bashar MA , Khan HR
Published: January 2020

A field investigation was carried out from January 2015 to December 2017 to study the status of some lycaenid butterflies in some selected forest areas of Bangladesh. A total of 6,724 lycaenids was recorded from Butterfly Research Park at Bhawal National Park, Gazipur; Madhupur National Park, Tangail; Satchori National Park and Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary of Habigonj. The dominant species was Arhopala pseudocentaurus with 21.85% relative frequency and the least abundant species was Rathinda amor with 0.75% relative frequency. Butterfly Research Park showed the maximum number of butterfly individuals with a covariance of 40% followed by Madhupur National Park (37%), Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary (13%), and Satchori National Park (10%). A significant difference (F = 3.52, p-value = 0.02) has been assessed using „One-way ANOVA‟ test. The difference in the availability of butterflies in different habitats indicated the differences in plant diversity among the forests. Lycaenid butterflies displayed highest abundance (13.19%) in December and lowest (5.38%) in October. There was no significant difference (F = 0.72, p-value = 0.71) among different months throughout the study period in overall species abundance though highest number was recorded in December. The abiotic factors (viz. temperature and relative humidity etc.) influence the presence of butterflies. Lycaenid butterflies demonstrated the highest abundance (887) in 26.9°C along with 64% relative humidity whereas the least abundance (362) has been recorded at 31.7°C with 77% relative humidity. The significant negative correlation was found in between lycaenid abundance and temperature (r = ─ 0.45, pvalue = 0.14), and between lycaenid abundance and relative humidity (r = ─ 0.19, p-value = 0.54). The butterfly population increased with decreasing average temperature and relative humidity during the study period. This investigation reveals the differences in the availability of lycaenid butterflies in relation to the differences in plant population and also the effect of abiotic factors in the forest areas.

J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2019, 5(2): 19-32
Fish species using the fish passage between Jamuna and Bangali river at Sariakandi, Bogra
Authors: Zaman M , Naser MN
Published: January 2020

Sariakandi fish pass is unique connecting Jamuna and Bangali rivers through an engineered channel. A study was conducted on the fish pass aiming to improve fish diversity in north-west Bangladesh. Sampling at the fish pass, market census, interviewing the locals and focus group discussion were done to collect data from the study area. A total of 69 fish species under 9 orders and 26 families were recorded. Cypriniformes (22 species) was the most dominant order followed by Siluriformes (21 species), Perciformes (13 species), Clupeiformes (4 species), Synbranchiformes (4 species), Osteoglossiformes (2 species), Mugiliformes (1 species), Anguilliformes (1 species) and Tetraodontiformes (1 species). In total 30 threatened species in Bangladesh and globally recognized 9 species were recorded. This fish pass is not working during the dry or winter seasons but helps in the diversified fish migration diversity of Bengali and Jamuna river system during the flood time of Bangladesh. The present study recommends establishing effective fish passages in flood protection structures or dams in Bangladesh to retain the connectivity of fish migration routes and the improving of fish diversity.

J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2019, 5(2): 53-62
Application of plant extracts for pest management in tea: a study on tea leaf’s thrips, Scirtothrips bispinosus
Authors: Azad MAK , Ahmad I , Mainuddin A
Published: January 2020

Medicinal plant extract contains bioactive molecules and these molecules are benefited to mitigate, eradicate or cure diseases. In advent to search for new medicinally important plant, the current paper deals to select the most effective and promising plants which are suitable for controlling tea leaf’s thrips (Scirtothrips bispinosus) based on extracts concentration and death affect over time. To fulfill the specific objectives, five medicinal plants extracts viz. Ipomoea crassicaulis, Lantana camara, Ipomoea hederaceaa, Glycosmis arborea, and Justicia gendarussa had been used with four different concentrations. From statistical analysis using One-way ANOVA and post hoc test, it was found that Ipomoea crassicaulis and Lantana camara are the most promising of all the experimented plants extracts based on both time and concentration. In the study, average mortality was found 0.47, 1.67, 1.93 and 2.53 for concentration of 1%, 5%, 10% and 15% respectively. Analysis based on different concentrations reveals that average mortality of thrips increases significantly with the increase of concentrations. Coefficient of variance was found minimum for Ipomoea crassicaulis and Lantana camara plants with range of 5.44 to 6.71 based on time and concentration. So, it could be concluded that these two plants are the most effective plants for controlling the tea thrips. For the other plants, ranks were found as Ipomoea hederaceaa, Glycosmis arborea and Justicia gendarussa respectively as well.

J. bio-sci. 28: 87-93, 2020
Study of Morphometric Characteristics of Freshwater Putul, Botia lohachata in Kompo River of Bagmara, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Authors: Joadder Md Abdur Razzaq , Siraz Rabia Binta , Roy Susen , Jahan Syeda Nusrat , Khanom Dil Afroza , Sarker Md Al-Amin
Published: January 2020

This study described about the morphometric characteristics of Botia lohachata, collected from the Kompo River at Rajshahi , were studied for a period of four months from July to October 2014. Length frequency distributions, length-length relationships, length-weight relationship, sex ratio, Fulton's condition factor and fecundity of B. lohachata were studied in the present study. This is the maiden research conducted on B. lohachata in Bangladesh. The highest mean total lengths were 61.16±4.77 mm (combined sex), 63.80±4.79mm (female) and 58.17 ±3.30mm (male). Maximum 43.34% female fishes were belonging to the length category of 61-65 mm where as 61.41% male were belonging to 56-60 mm. Similar findings are also presented for standard length, fork length, body depth, dorsal length, pectoral length, pelvic length and anal length. Linear relationships were also studied among mentioned lengths. Strong positive correlations were observed in all cases. The highest mean body weight was weight 2.67±0.71g (October) in combined sex, this value was 3.10±0.59 in female (September) and 2.25±0.38g in male (September). Strong positive correlations were also observed between total length and body weight. Observed value of sex indicated that 54% specimens were female and remaining 46% were male. The value of chi square (x2) was 2.4 at 1 degree of freedom (p<0.005) strongly indicated that the observed sex ratio not differs significantly from the expected ratio (1:1).The Fulton’s condition factors In case of combined sexes, the highest condition factor 1.156±0.126 was recorded in month of October, female highest condition factor 1.190±0.136 and male highest condition factor 1.135±0.103.

Journal of Science Foundation 2019;17(1):15-33
Chillida-Leku, el esfuerzo de mantener un sueño, el compromiso de un legado.
Authors: Nogaledo Laura
Published: January 2020

El devenir de instituciones  culturales, altamente afectadas por la coyuntura económica y la falta de financiación tanto pública como privada. Aquí se muestra el caso Chillida-Leku, centro altamente representativo y de importancia contrastada que contiene la obra del conocido escultor Eduardo Chillida, que ha tenido que buscar modelos de financiación que permitan continuar con el proyecto.
IMPLEMENTASI EKSTRAKURIKULER BOLA VOLI DI SMA N 1, 2 DAN 3 BENGKULU TENGAH
Authors: Hanggara Deri , Syafrial Syafrial , Ilahi Bogy Restu
Published: January 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan latihan bola voli di SMA N Bengkulu Tengah. Permasalahan yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana penerapan latihan, sarana dan prasarana serta pengetahuan tentang bola voli dan ekstrakurikuler di SMA N Bengkulu Tengah. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah pelatih esktrakurikuler dan siswa yang mengikuti kegiatan ekstrakurikuler tersebut. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan observasi, wawancara, angket dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dengan keabsahan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah SMA N Bengkulu Tengah, sampel yang diteliti mencakup 3 SMA yaitu SMA 1 Bengkulu Tengah, SMA 2 Bengkulu Tengah dan SMA 3 Bengkulu Tengah. Dari data yang diperoleh maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa, 1) penerapan latihan di SMA N Bengkulu tengah dijalankan dengan baik dan tepat dengan persentase 82,35%, 2) sarana dan prasarana bola voli di SMA N Bengkulu Tengah cukup memadahi dengan persentase 82,2%, dan 3) pengetahuan para siswa terhadap bola dan ekstrakurikuler sangat baik dengan persentase 82,3%.Kata kunci: Penerapan latihan, pengetahuan ekstrakurikuler bola voli dan sarana dan prasarana bola voli. Abstract This study aims to determine the implementation of volleyball practice in SMA N Bengkulu Tengah. The problems studied in this research is how the implementation of training, facilities and infrastructure and knowledge of volleyball and extracurricular in SMA N Bengkulu Tengah. The source of this research data is the extracurricular trainer and the students who follow the extracurricular activities. Technique of collecting data by using observation, interview, questionnaire and documentation. Data analysis with data validity, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The population in this research is SMA N Bengkulu Tengah, the sample studied includes 3 SMA, SMA 1 Bengkulu Tengah, SMA 2 Bengkulu Tengah and SMA 3 Bengkulu Tengah. From the data obtained it can be concluded that, 1) the implementation of the practice in SMA N Bengkulu is run well and exactly with the percentage 82.35%, 2) volley ball facilities and infrastructure in SMA N Bengkulu Tengah enough menyahas with percentage 82.2% , And 3) students' knowledge of the ball and extracurricular is very good with 82.3% percentage. Keywords: Implementation of exercises, extracurricular volleyball and volcanic tools and infrastructure.
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN KOLAM RENANG
Authors: Neri Chindi Aran , Sugiyanto Sugiyanto , Sutisyana Ari
Published: January 2020

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengepaluasi secara faktual kalayakan kolam renang. dalam hal ini jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian yaitu kolam renang Intan Permata, Hamtian, Grage Hotel (Horizon), Teluk Benaol Indah (TBI), Putri, dan Raflesia. Dari ke enam subjek penelitian tersebut adalah kolam renang pengolaan data menggunakan instrumen kuisioner. hasil penelitian bahwa 56,66% lahan parkir layak dan 19,99% lahan kurang layak, 46,66% kenyamanan parkir sangat baik dan 29,99% cukup aman, pengolaan parkir 53,33 % Sangat baik, 19,99% cukup baik. 50,00% keadaan kolam sangat baik, 23,33% keadaan cukup baik. 36,66% pengolaan kolam sudah baik. 39,99% kadar air sangat baik dan 30,00% kebersihan cukup baik. Kesimpulan : kolam renang sudah memiliki standar kolam yang memadai,  pemilik kolam renang cukup maksimal dalam panataan sarana prasarana kolam renang, dan bisa mengembangkan kondisi kolam renang  untuk menarik minat para pengunjung. Saran : Kepada pengurus/karyawan yang selalu memperhatikan keadaan kolam dan pengunjung hendaknya selalu menjaga kebersihan dan senatiasa berkunjung untuk rekreasi.Kata Kunci : Kelayakan Kolam Renang.                   Abstract This study aims to evaluate factually the feasibility of swimming pools. In this case the type of research used is descriptive qualitative. The research subjects are Intan Permata swimming pool, Hamtian, Grage Hotel (Horizon), Benaol Indah Bay (TBI), Princess, and Raflesia. Of the six subjects of the study is a pool of data processing using a questionnaire instrument. Result of research that 56,66% of parking area is feasible and 19,99% land less feasible, 46,66% comfort of parking is very good and 29,99% is safe, parking management 53,33% Very good, 19,99% good enough. 50.00% the state of the pool is very good, 23.33% the situation is quite good. 36.66% of the pool management is good. 39,99% very good water content and 30,00% cleanliness good enough. Conclusion: The swimming pool already has an adequate pool standard, the owner of the swimming pool is maximized in swimming pool infrastructure, and can develop the condition of the swimming pool to attract the visitors. Suggestion: To the management / employees who always pay attention to the condition of the pool and visitors should always keep clean and always visit for recreation.Keywords: Eligibility Pool Swimming.
PENGARUH METODE BERMAIN TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SENAM LANTAI ROLL BELAKANG PADA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 4 BENGKULU
Authors: Sari Yeyen , Pujianto Dian , Insanistyo Bayu
Published: January 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan senam lantai roll belakang setelah diberikan penerapan latihan menggunakan metode bermain pada siswa kelas VIII.6 SMP Negeri 4 Bengkulu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pre-eksperimental designs dengan desain penelitian one-group pretest-posttest designs, yang dimana dalam melakukan penelitian menggunakan tes awal (pretest), memberikan perlakuan, dan melakukan tes akhir (posttest) pada sampel kelas VIII.6 yang dipilih secara purposive sampling dari keseluruhan populasinya kelas VIII. Hasil penelitian dari tes akhir diperoleh Rata-rata hasil belajar pada pretest 40.19 dan posttes 57.76 dengan persentase peningkatan 43.71%. Berdasarkan data uji t yang dilakukan maka didapatkan nilai  sebesar 6.66. dengan demikian nilai  = 6.66 lebih besar dari nilai  = 1.69, artinya terdapat pengaruh metode bermain terhadap hasil belajar senam lantai roll belakang pada siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 4 Bengkulu.Kata kunci : Metode Bermain, Senam Lantai , Roll Belakang.AbstractThis study aims to determine the increase of roll back floor gymnastics after being given the practice of using the method of playing on the students of class VIII.6 SMP Negeri 4 Bengkulu. The research method used in this research is pre-experimental design method with one-group pretest-posttest designs, which in conducting the research using pretest, giving treatment, and performing posttest test on class VIII sample 6. selected by purposive sampling of the overall population of class VIII. Result of research from final test obtained Average learning outcomes in pre test 40.19 and post test 57.76 with percentage increase 43.71%. Based on t test data that is done then obtained t_count value of 6.66. thus the value of t_hitung = 6.66 is greater than the value of t_table = 1.69, it means there is influence of play method on learning of backstroke roll gymnastics at grade VIII student of SMP Negeri 4 Bengkulu.Keywords: play method, roll floor, gymnastics
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN KELAS OLAHRAGA DI SMP NEGERI KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Oktavina Liza , Sugihartono Tono , Sutisyana Ari
Published: January 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang implementasi kebijakan kelas olahraga di SMP Negeri Kota Bengkulu. Permasalahan yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah Bagaimanakah Implementasi Kebijakan Kelas Olahraga di SMP Negeri Kota Bengkulu. Jenis penelitian deskriptif analitik. Subjek Penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, pengurus, pelatih dan siswa kelas olahraga SMP Negeri 2, SMP Negeri 18 dan SMP  Negeri 16 Kota Bengkulu. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dengan mereduksi data, penyajian data  dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian dan pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan kelas olahraga dimandatkan oleh Kemendikbud RI, implementasi kebijakan kelas olahraga belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan panduan pelaksanaan kelas olahraga dapat dilihat dari belum adanya fasilitas khusus untuk kelas olahraga, minimnya dana, ketidakteraturan jadwal latihan kondisi fisik, kurangnya pengawasan dari pemerintah, sehingga bisa menghambat tercapainya tujuan kelas olahraga di  SMP  Kota Bengkulu. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan kelas olahraga di SMP Kota Bengkulu belum berjalan sebagaimana mestinya.Kata Kunci: Implementasi, Kebijakan Kelas Olahraga, AbstractThis research aimed to describe about the implementation of sport class policy in SMP Bengkulu city The problem reviewed in this research was “How is the implementation of Sport Class Policy in SMP Negeri Kota Bengkulu?” This research was an analytical descriptive design. The subject of this research was headmaster, administrator, trainer and students in sport class of SMP Negeri 2, SMP Negeri 18 and SMP Negeri 16 Bengkulu city. collection technique used in this research was observation, interview, and documentation methods. file analysis used in this research was by reduction, resentation and taking conclusion. The result and discussion showed that sport class policy was mandated by Kemendikbud RI. The implementation of sport class policy was not fully appropriate with the guidance of implementing sport class that can be seen from special facilities for sport class was not yet exist, lack of funds, irregularity of physical condition training schedule,and lack of government control, so it can inhibit the goals achievement of sport class in SMP Bengkulu city. The conclusion of this research showed that the implementation of sport class policy in SMP Bengkulu city was not yet running as it should be.Keywords: Implementation, Sport class policy
EFEKTIVITAS PROSES BELAJAR MENGAJAR PERMAINAN BOLA VOLI MELALUI PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN GAMES AND COMPETITION PADA SISWA KELAS V SD NEGERI 14 LEBONG SELATAN
Authors: Putra Ramonsah , Yarmani Yarmani , Arwin Arwin
Published: January 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan proses belajar mengajar Permainan Bola Voli Melalui Metode Pembelajaran Games and competition Pada Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 14 Lebong Selatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada jam belajar Penjasorkes kelas V SD Negeri 14 Lebong Selatan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK), penelitian ini secara obyektif atau apa adanya dengan subyek siswa kelas V SD Negeri 14 Lebong Selatan berjumlah 15 orang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam 2 siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahapan yaitu : (1) perencanaan,  (2) pelaksanaan tindakan, (3) observasi, dan (4) refleksi. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan adalah data kualitatif berupa hasil observasi aktivitas guru dan siswa pada saat proses belajar-mengajar berlangsung. Adapun hasil pengamatan terhadap siswa dalam proses belajar mengajar Permainan Bola Voli Melalui Metode Pembelajaran Games and competition pada siklus I adalah sebesar 55% dari keseluruhan pengamatan terhadap proses belajar mengajar. Pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 85%. Sedangkan hasil pengamatan terhadap guru pada siklus I sebesar 65% dan meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 90%. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya peningkatan yang sangat berarti dalam penerapan metode pembelajaran games and competition pada siswa kelas V SD Negeri 14 Lebong Selatan.Kata Kunci : Proses Belajar Mengajar, Bola Voli, Games and competition.AbstackThis study aims to determine the improvement of teaching and learning process of Ball Games through Learning Methods of Games and competition In Grade V Students of Elementary school 14 Lebong Selatan. This research was conducted at the learning hour of class V of SD Negeri 14 Lebong Selatan. The research method used is Classroom Action Research (PTK), this research is objective or what it is with the subject of grade V students of SD Negeri 14 Lebong Selatan totaling 15 people. This study was conducted in 2 cycles, each cycle consisting of four stages: (1) planning, (2) implementation of action, (3) observation, and (4) reflection. The type of data collected is qualitative data in the form of observation of teacher and student activity during the teaching-learning process. The results of observation of the students in the learning process Teaching Ball Volleyball Through Learning Methods Games and competition in the first cycle is 55% of the overall observation of the teaching and learning process. In the second cycle increased to 85%. While the results of observations of teachers in the first cycle of 65% and increased in cycle II to 90%. So it can be concluded that there is a very significant improvement in the application of learning methods of games and competition on students of grade V Elementary school 14 Lebong Selatan.Keywords: Volleyball, Games and competition, Teaching and Learning Proces
Dampak Kemudahan dan Risiko Sistem Pembayaran QR Code: Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) Extension
Authors: Musyaffi Ayatulloh Michael , Kayati Kayati
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Mobile Payment has developed quickly and easily. One of them by using a QR Code by scanning the Bar Code through the Smartphone camera. Unfortunately, there is inherent risk especially in the aspect of theft of financial and non-financial data. Therefore, this study aims to examine user acceptance in terms of the ease and risk of QR Code Payments. The target of respondents in this study were all users of Payment methods using QR Codes in Indonesia with 100 respondents with a simple random sampling method through online distribution and structured interviews. The method used in this study used the Structural Equation Model (SEM) - Partial Least Square (PLS). The findings in this research show that there is a contribution to the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) model, especially Perceived Ease of use factor that further strengthens the acceptance of Pay by QR. While risk perception does not have a significant impact on intention to use the Pay by QR system. Keywords: Behavioural Intention; Pay by QR; Perceived Ease of use; Perceived Risk; TAM. Abstrak. Model pembayaran mobile telah berkembang secara signifikan dan semakin mudah. Salah satunya adalah pembayaran dengan menggunakan kode QR dengan men-scan kode QR melalui kamera Smartphone. Sayangnya dibalik kemudahan penggunaan pembayaran QR, terdapat resiko yang melekat terutama dalam aspek pencurian data keuangan maupun non keuangan. Atas dasar inilah penelitian ini diadakan dengan tujuan untuk menguji penerimaan pengguna yang dilihat dari sisi kemudahan dan resiko pembayaran kode QR. Target responden riset ini adalah seluruh pengguna metode pembayaran menggunakan kode QR di Indonesia dengan jumlah responden sebayak 100 dengan meteode simple random sampling melalui penyebaran online dan wawancara secara terstruktur. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Struktural Equation Model (SEM) – Partial Least Square (PLS). Temuan dalam riset menunjukan adanya kontribusi terhadap model Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) terutama faktor kemudahan yang semakin memperkuat penerimaan penggunaan Pay by QR. Sementara persepsi resiko tidak memiliki dampak yang signifikan terhadap niat menggunakan sistem Pay by QR. Katakunci: Behavioural Intention; Pay by QR: Mobile Payment; Persepsi Kemudahan; Persepsi Resiko; TAM;
Natural Environment Character Education Based on Islam
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad , Mardan Mardan , Nahdiyah Nahdiyah
Published: January 2020

Character education oriented toward the environmental care is required in the local, national and global scales following the environmental crisis and the unbalance of the ecosystem that harms mankind. Education is the most effective means for dealing the aforementioned challenges. Drawing on the concept of the Quran and Sunnahthematically, the complete concept regarding the character education oriented toward the environmental care was uncovered, namely the education of environmental awareness based transcendental values because its correspondence to the nature of mankind. The highest value of character education is based on the spirituality that views the nature as tajjalli(the self-manifestation of God) and signal of god. The principles of character education should be well-planned, gradual, controllable, evaluative and sustainable. In such a context, understanding, habituation, exemplary models, culture, consistent regulation are required, which are subsequently internalized and at the end become a character.
The Effect of Servant Leadership on Employee Performance with Employee Engagement and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) As A Mediation Variable in Mandiri Inhealthth
Authors: Simamora Pardi , Sudiarditha I Ketut , Yohana Corry
Published: January 2020

Many companies in this era of openness and globalization offer products and services with relatively the same characteristics. This condition creates increasingly high competition in the business world, causing the business world to become very competitive, a business climate that is always changing and uncertain . This study analyzes the effect of servant leadership on employee performance with employee engagement and organizational citizenship behavior as mediating variables in Mandiri Inhealth companies. Determination of the sample using proportionate stratified random sampling method . The sample in the study amounted to at least 154 respondents but collected 206 respondents were analyzed usingStructural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of the study are there is a direct effect on servant leadership on employee performance, there is a direct effect on servant leadership on employee engagement , there is a direct effect on employee engagement on employee performance, there is a direct effect on servant leadership on organizational citizenship behavior , there is a direct effect on organizational citizenship behavior on employee performance, there is no indirect effect of servant leadership on employee performance through employee engagement mediation , there is an indirect effect of servant leadership on employee performance through mediating organizational citizenship behavior.
‘Regional Trade Courts’ in the Shadow of the WTO Dispute Settlement System: The Paradox of Two Courts
Authors: Ngangjoh-Hodu Yenkong
Published: January 2020

As of May 2018, over 650 notifications of RTAs had been received by the WTO Secretariat. Of these, 287 were in force. While the content of the WTO DSU has largely been replicated in most of the ‘regional trade courts’ adjudicatory bodies, emerging features of some of these RTAs are substantially out of line with the WTO DSU. While some RTAs cover aspects currently alien to the WTO, the degree of liberalisation contained within others seems remarkably deeper than under the WTO. Two distinct questions are therefore addressed in this article. The first is whether the proliferation of RTAs threatens in any way the existence of the WTO dispute settlement system, while the second concerns the extent to which this fragmented patchwork of ‘regional trade courts’ contributes to the development of international law. In order to tackle these issues, the article will first explore existing international rules relating to regional trade arrangements.
A Critical Assessment of the Enforcement Regime for Combatting Money Laundering in Nigeria
Authors: Ojukwu-Ogba Nelson E. , Osode Patrick C.
Published: January 2020

The menace of corruption in public sector governance has remained an intractable challenge in most African countries. Since the reintroduction of civilian democracy in 1999 in Nigeria, the state has strived to entrench openness and transparency, which are indispensable to the attainment of rapid socio-economic development. The government has pursued the policy of eliminating corruption in the public and private sectors through the enactment or review of statutes aimed at the prevention of financial crimes, especially money laundering. This article assesses the effectiveness of the statutory instruments in realising the desired objectives of curbing money laundering and institutionalising transparency in Nigeria.
Dynamic of radiographic and ultrasonographic indices of hip joints in patients with ankylosing spondylitis under treatment with tumor necrotic factor ― alpha inhibitors
Authors: Petrov A. V. , Shevnina Y. O. , Gaffarova A. S. , Petrov A. A.
Published: January 2020

Background.Inflammation of the hip joints in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a frequent and severe manifestation of the disease, which in 7–8 % of patients is accompanied by the requirements of hip joints prosthesis. In the treatment of hip arthritis associated with AS non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), sulfasalazine (SSZ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha blockers were used. However, the influence of these treatment on the dynamics of structural changes in hip joints is not studied.

Purpose.To evaluate the dynamics of clinical, radiologic and ultrasonographic indices of hip joints in patients with AS who take different treatment methods for 12 months: NSAIDs, SSZ and adalimumab (ADA).

Materials and methods.Dynamic monitoring of 78 patients with AS (corresponding to the New York modified criteria of 1984), who also had clinical, ultrasonographic and radiographic signs of inflammation of hip joints. The patients were divided into three groups: patients of the group 1 (n = 25) were been receiving NSAIDs; patients of group 2 (n = 26) had started to take SSZ (2–3 grams per day) on background of NSAIDs; patients of group 3 (n = 27) were started to take ADA (subcutaneously, 40 mg once every 2 weeks) on the background of NSAID. In addition to the generally accepted clinical and laboratory studies, all patients were being underwent by X-ray examination with an evaluation of the BASRI-Hip index and ultrasonography of hip joints during 12 months of follow-up.

Results and discussion.In patients of group 2 treatment with SSZ during 12 months had been resulted in a decrease in the severity of pain from the visual analogue scale (VAS) at hip joint motion (26.1 [13.9, 42.7] vs 69.3 [56.8, 79, 3]), CRP (4.4 [1.5, 6.9] mg/L vs 15.2 [8.3, 21.8] mg/L) and a decrease in the thickness of the hip synovial membrane (6.7 [5.8, 8.5] mm vs 9.6 [7.9, 11.8] mm) compared with the initial data. In patients of the group 3 treatment with ADA had been lead to decreasing of pain VAS (14.2 [5.2, 26.7], vs. 72.1 [65.3, 89.1], BASDAI and ASDASCRP(1.7 [1.1, 3.1] and 1.4 [1.1, 2.2] vs. 7.5 [5.9, 8.6] and 3.1 [2.6, 3.9]), CRP (2.7 [0.2, 5.8] mg/L vs. 24.3 [17.4, 35.9]) and decrease in the thickness of hip synovial membrane (6.3 [5.0, 7.7] mm vs. 9.9 [8.1, 12.6] mm) and an increase of the thickness of the hyaline cartilage covering the head of the femur in comparison with group 1 (0.15 [0.09; 0.22] mm vs. —0.08 [–0.12, —0.04] mm). The effect of both drugs on the dynamics of the radiographic index BASRI-Hip and the formation of new osteophytes in hip joints was not noted.

Conclusion.Inclusion of SSZ and ADA in a complex of treatment of patients with hip arthritis associated with AS leads to a decrease of synovitis of hip joints. Usage of ADA is accompanies by ultrasonographic signs of the restoration of hip joints cartilage.
Is 2-phenoxyethanol safe when used in medicine and cosmetics?
Authors: Melnikova O. A.
Published: January 2020

This article discusses issues related to the use of the preservative 2-phenoxyethanol in medicine and cosmetology. The scope of this substance in various types of medical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products, its presence in nature, in plants such as avocados, green tea, is described. The physical properties of 2-phenoxyethanol and its mechanism of action are considered. It substantiates its content in goods in disinfectants and skin antiseptics (2 %) and perfumes and cosmetics (1 %). Potential safety issues with this substance are discussed. The absence of irritating effects on the skin, the absence of allergic reactions to the mucous membrane of the eyes, the absence of contact allergies and photosensitization, the absence of toxicity and hemolytic effect have been shown.
Benign dysplasia of remaining contralateral breast in patients with breast cancer. Expanding opportunities of phytoprophylaxis and phytotherapy
Authors: Pokul L. V. , Sacultsan O. S. , Orazov M. R. , Lebedeva M. G.
Published: January 2020

The article discusses features manifestations of benign dysplasia remaining contralateral breast in patients with triple negative and Her2/neopositive breast cancer (BC) after a comprehensive treatment based on the results of mammography and ultrasound evaluation.

Materials and methods. A sample of 43 people was divided according to biological types of breast cancer into two groups: I (n = 17) and II (n = 26). All patients underwent mammography in two projections and an ultrasound with the calculation of the thickness glandular component and the echo density of the parenchyma.

Results. In all patients with breast cancer, benign changes in the remaining contralateral mammary gland of varying severity were noted: prevalence of cystic‑fibrous form — subgroup I (n = 17); subgroup II (n = 14) prevalence of the fibrocystic component; subgroup III (n = 12) was evaluated as a mixed glandular‑fibrous form of benign dysplasia remaining contralateral breast. An excess of the normal thickness of the glandular component was found: subgroup I Mc = 34.3 ± 2.1 mm; subgroup II M = 24.4 ± 3.3 mm; subgroup III M = 28.2 ± 1.7 mm. The echo density of the parenchyma of the remaining mammary contralateral gland also exceeded the reference values in all patients: subgroup I M = 34.1 ± 2.5 cu, subgroup II M = 42.3 ± 2.3 cu, subgroup III M = 37.5 ± 1.7 cu. After phytoprevention and phytotherapy with the herbal homeopathic medicine Mastopol®, 1 tablet 3 times a day under the tongue for 12 weeks, there was a positive dynamics in the antiproliferative status of the respondents. In all subgroups, a decrease in the mammographic density of the mammary gland was found. The glandular component and the echo density of the mammary parenchyma decreased according to the results of ultrasound. In the subgroup, the pancreatic component reached М = 23.4 ± 2.3 mm; in subgroup II М = 17.5 ± 2.4 mm; in subgroup III М = 20.3 ± 1.7 mm. Echo density: in the subgroup I М = 27.3 ± 3.1 cu; in subgroup II М = 31.6 ± 1.9 cu; in subgroup III М 21.4 ± 2.3 cu.

Conclusions. All breast cancer patients, regardless of the molecular subtype of the tumor, have benign changes in the contralateral mammary gland. The medicinal homeopathic complex can be considered a pathogenetically substantiated method for the prevention and treatment of DDM. The use of a herbal medicinal homeopathic remedy for the intended purpose (according to the instructions for the drug) of benign dysplasia remaining contralateral breast therapy for 12 weeks has a positive effect on the breast tissue, reducing mammorgafic density, reducing the glandular component of the mammary gland.
Case of using magnetic resonance imaging with contrast enhancement in patient with pleomorphic adenoma of right parotid gland
Authors: Kosminskaya A. R. , Bykova A. A. , Shipkova Т. P. , Drobyshev A. Yu. , Kondrashin S. A. , Shishkanov A. V.
Published: January 2020

The prevalence of benign tumors of the salivary glands is increasing. The complexity of the anatomical areas and the proximity of the of the facial nerve’s branches lead to frequent complications in the postoperative period. Nowadays there are several instrumental diagnostic methods for determining salivary gland tumors and among which the use of magnetic resonance imaging with contrast enhancement made it possible to estimate the exact location of neural and vascular structures in relation to the neoformation.
Application of electromyography for diagnostics and control of effectiveness of treatment of patients with dental defects
Authors: Konnov V. V. , Pichugina E. N. , Domenyuk D. A. , Avanisyan V. M.
Published: January 2020

The aim of the study was to study the bioelectric activity of the masticatory muscles in adult patients with defects in the dentition complicated by distal occlusion. The material of the study was the bioelectric activity indices of the masticatory muscles obtained by electromyography in 47 patients with defects in the dentition complicated by distal occlusion. As a result, according to electromyography, criteria for the adaptation of masticatory muscles to new conditions for the functioning of the masticatory apparatus formed as a result of treatment were identified. The revealed criteria make it possible to objectively determine the duration of the period of adaptation of the masticatory muscles at the stages of complex treatment of patients with this pathology.
Dynamics of reparative histogenesis of bone tissue in presence of some osteoplastic materials in vitro
Authors: Ivanov S. Yu. , Volkov A. V. , De D. A.
Published: January 2020

Currently, to solve the bone deficiency problem in the maxillofacial region, osteoplastic materials based on allogeneic and xenogenic collagen bone matrix are used, both in pure and in activated forms, by adding growth factors. It is impossible to determine the effectiveness and mechanisms of the osteoplastic materials effect on bone regeneration without a comprehensive study, including not only histological, but also morphometric studies of the structural components and cellular reactions in the impact area. Such studies provide reliable and objective information on the main processes taking place in bone regeneration.

Purpose. To determine the spatial distribution of reparative osteogenesis in the presence of some osteoplastic materials in vitro.

Materials and methods. Svetlogorsk breed pigs were used as a biomodel. Depending on the osteoplastic preparations used, the animals were divided into four groups of the two in each: 1st — a preparation based on a natural bovine bone graft was injected into bone defects. 2nd — a preparation based on collagenized porcine transplant was injected into bone defects. 3rd — a preparation consisting of 60 % hydroxyapatite (HA) and 40 % beta-tri-calcium phosphate; 4th — control group — the bone defect healed under a blood clot. Animals were removed from the experiment on the 45th day. We examined sections with a thickness of 20 μm using the method of light and fluorescence microscopy.

Results. The results indicate different dynamics of the reparative osteogenesis in the presence of osteoplastic materials of different classes. In group 1, the filling of the defect with newly formed bone tissue is not uniform; in group 2, the filling of the defect with newly formed bone tissue is uniform; in group 3 the filling of the defect with non-formed bone tissue is uneven due to the pronounced hyperostosis; in the control group, the filling of the defect with newly formed bone tissue is not happening.

Conclusion. Stimulation, the dynamics of reparative osteogenesis and the three-dimensional organization of bone regenerate depend on the osteoplastic material class, which requires further study of the dynamics and three-dimensional organization of bone regenerate to select the optimal bone-replacing agent.
Three-level gradation of echocardiography algorithms
Authors: Trivozhenko A. B. , Struchkov P. V.
Published: January 2020

Allocation of three levels of an echocardiography with corresponding levels of algorithms for optimum integration into multilevel diagnostic process is offered. Express, clinical and expert division corresponds to preventive, standard medical-diagnostic and highly technological directions of public health services. Three-level gradation should not cause decrease in its quality at the expense of the differentiated direction of conditionally healthy faces — on screening, the diseased — on clinical, cardiological patients — on expert ultrasonic cardiac diagnostics.
Metabolic hepatotropic regimens in programs of accompanying nutritional support for cancer patients with colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer: Remaxol in structure of infusion and nutritional therapy
Authors: Kostyuchenko L. N. , Kostyuchenko M. V.
Published: January 2020

Infusion-nutrient accompanying therapy provides prevention of metabolic complications and their nutrient correction in oncopatients with colorectal cancer (CRС) and pancreatic cancer.

Material and methods. In patients with CRС and pancreatic cancer the effectiveness of detoxification alimentation was evaluated. Nutritional deficiency was specified by alimental-volemic diagnoses (AVD), nutritional risk-by NRI, sarcopenia by bioimedansometry. Hematological indices of intoxication (Krebs index, leukocyte index of intoxication) were calculated according to known formulas. Hepatological parameters (total protein, albumin, bilirubin, ALT, etc.) and the content of blood urea and creatinine, electrolytes were determined by conventional methods, the participation of the intestine in detoxification was monitored by plasma citrulline levels and activity of the intestinal microbiota. The severity of the condition was assessed by APACHE II, the quality of life by ECOG.

Results. The relationship between indicators of homeostasis and endotoxicosis, as well as more positive dynamics in the application of detoxification regimens with the addition of Remaxol.

Conclusion. In CRC T3–T4, it is advisable to use a combination of nutrient compositions with the addition of hepatotropic pharmaconutrients, in particular, Remaxol.
Functional disorders of biliary tract in practice of outpatient specialists: optimal treatment choice
Authors: Mekhtiev S. N. , Mekhtieva O. A.
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the current understanding of risk factors, mechanisms of development, diagnostic criteria, therapy for various types of functional disorders of the biliary tract. Paying special attention for the adaptation of diagnostic and treatment algorithms which were described in the Rome criteria, rev. IV, for ambulant practice to provide effective medical assistance to patients with the pathalogy. The authors proposed the scheme of treatment and prophylaxis of functional disorders for using in clinical practice.
Chronic myofascial facial pain
Authors: Barulin A. E. , Kurushina O. V. , Kalinchenko B. M.
Published: January 2020

Among a large number of patients with various types of facial pain, the frequency of occurrence of the muscular-tonic and muscular-spastic component is about 70–80 % of cases. As a result, the formation of chronic myofascial facial pain is a common complication of such prosopalgia. The clinical picture of this pathology disguises itself as signs of a primary disease, and often becomes a leading symptom in the pathogenesis of the disease, which complicates the diagnosis and treatment. The review article examines the current diagnostic criteria for myofascial facial pain. It has been shown that recently the clinical and neurophysiological features of various options for chronic facial pain, the functional state of muscle structures in various forms of chronic pain have been intensively studied. The possible ways of the formation of chronic myofascial pathology in the craniomandibular region are analyzed. Modern methods for differential diagnosis of various forms of prosopalgia and pathogenetic mechanisms, determine the course of treatment and prevention are considered.
Anxiety-depressive and asthenic disorders in patients older than 75 years with chronic brain ischemia
Authors: Abramova V. N. , Slyusar T. A. , Medvedeva C. L.
Published: January 2020

Purpose of the study. To study the prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety and asthenia in patients older than 75 years with chronic brain ischemia (CBI) and their relationship with somatic burden.

Materials and methods. 121 patients aged 75 to 95 years with CBI of two and three stage were examined (57 patients with ischemic stroke in anamnesis, 64 without stroke). We used the Beck’s questionnaire to determine the level of depression, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) one for detecting anxiety, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) one for assessing the severity of asthenia. The level of burden of somatic pathology was calculate by the polymorbidity index.

Results. A characteristic feature of patients older than 75 years with CBI is the high prevalence and severity of emotional disturbances (anxiety and depression), as well as asthenic syndrome, high values of the polymorbidity index, which is advisable to take into account when planning CBI therapy.
Changes in Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Vascular Normalization in Breast Cancer Patients After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Their Correlations With DFS
Authors: Wang Qiong , Xiang Qun , Yu Lan , Hu Ting , Chen Yangyang , Wang Jue , Nie Xiu , Cheng Jing
Published: January 2020

Objective: Changes in the number of various tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and degrees of vascular normalization in breast cancer (BC) patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) were analyzed to screen key factors that can predict the prognosis.

Methods: HE-stained sections were used to assess the degree of TILs infiltration; immunohistochemically stained sections were used to assess the infiltration of CD8+, CD4+, FOXP3+ Tregs and the expression of PD-L1; immunofluorescence-stained sections were used to assess the microvessel density (MVD) and microvessel pericyte coverage index (MPI). The expression of them before NAC were compared with those after NAC, and correlations between changes in these parameters and the pathological complete remission (pCR) and DFS of BC patients were analyzed.

Results: After NAC, the percentage of patients with enhanced sTILs in the pCR group was significantly higher than that in the Non-pCR group (P < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the number of FOXP3+ Tregs and MPI before NAC were correlated with pCR (P < 0.05). Survival analysis showed that the DFS of BC patients with reduced FOXP3+ Tregs was significantly better than that of patients with elevated FOXP3+ Tregs (P = 0.029). The sTILs count and MPI were significantly higher in primary tumors than lymph nodes (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: After NAC, the reduced infiltration of FOXP3+ Tregs was correlated with an improvement in DFS in BC patients. Changes in the number of FOXP3+ Tregs and the MPI may be used as prognostic markers for BC patients.
Liver Backscatter and the Hepatic Vasculature’s Autocorrelation Function
Authors: Carroll-Nellenback Jonathan J. , White R. James , Wood Ronald W. , Parker Kevin J.
Published: January 2020

Ultrasound imaging of the liver is an everyday, worldwide clinical tool. The echoes are produced by inhomogeneities within the interrogated tissue, but what are the mathematical properties of these scatterers? In theory, the spatial correlation function and the backscatter coefficient are linked by a Fourier transform relationship, however direct measures of these are relatively rare. Under the hypothesis that the fractal branching vasculature and fluid channels are the predominant source of scattering in normal tissues, we compare theory and experimental measures of the autocorrelation function, the frequency dependence of scattering, and fractal dimension estimates from high contrast 3D micro-CT data sets of rat livers. The results demonstrate a fractal dimension of approximately 2.2 with corresponding power law estimates of autocorrelation and ultrasound scattering. These results support a general framework for the analysis of ultrasound scattering from soft tissues.