bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pectoralis major flap for pharyngocutaneous fistula after total laryngectomy- two different approaches
Authors: Kovacevic Toma , Milisavljevic Natalija , Kovacevic Tatjana
Published: June 2023

Introduction. The reconstruction of large postoperative defects after oncologic surgery of the head and neck remains challenging. Regional flaps are considered a less expensive reconstructive option compared to free flaps. The pectoralis major flap is one of the most versatile choices for the reconstruction of large head and neck defects. Case report. We present technical key points for safe harvesting of pectoralis major flap for two cases in a university-affiliated tertiary care medical center. Both patients were male, with an average age of 64 years. The defects that required reconstruction in Case 1 were on the lateral neck region and, in Case 2, on the anterior side of the neck. Flaps were used for covering the pharyngocutaneous fistula after total laryngectomy and irradiation. The donor site was closed primarily. Flaps in both patients healed primarily without complications. Conclusion. The pectoralis major flap has a constant vascular pedicle and can successfully be used for the reconstruction of large head and neck defects. In order to obtain absolute flap survival, the operative technique must be impeccable.
Modeling the financial flows impact on the diagnosis of an enterprise's economic security level
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Khoma I. B. , Gaiduchok O. V. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Markovych Kh. M. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: June 2023

The article presents theoretical and applied aspects of modeling the financial flows' impact on the diagnosis of the economic security level of the enterprise with the main components of security. The functioning of enterprise's financial flow management models and the economic security level diagnostics applied models (the model of structural and functional diagnostics and the model of simulation modeling) are evaluated. The economic security loan repayment influence model and a set of criteria for assessing the effectiveness of financial flows are considered.
Towards a polynomial approximation of support vector machine accuracy applied to Arabic tweet sentiment analysis
Authors:   Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik – Hassan II University, Banou Z. , Elfilali S. ,   Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik – Hassan II University, Benlahmar H. ,   Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik – Hassan II University
Published: June 2023

Machine learning algorithms have become very frequently used in natural language processing, notably sentiment analysis, which helps determine the general feeling carried within a text. Among these algorithms, Support Vector Machines have proven powerful classifiers especially in such a task, when their performance is assessed through accuracy score and f1-score. However, they remain slow in terms of training, thus making exhaustive grid-search experimentations very time-consuming. In this paper, we present an observed pattern in SVM's accuracy, and f1-score approximated with a Lagrange polynomial.
Road users detection for traffic congestion classification
Authors:   Ben M'Sik Faculty of Science (FSBM), University of Hassan II Casablanca, Es Swidi A. , Ardchir S. ,   National School of Commerce and Management (ENCG), University of Hassan II Casablanca, Daif A. ,   Ben M'Sik Faculty of Science (FSBM), University of Hassan II Casablanca, Azouazi M. ,   Ben M'Sik Faculty of Science (FSBM), University of Hassan II Casablanca
Published: June 2023

One of the important problems that urban residents suffer from is Traffic Congestion. It makes their life more stressful, it impacts several sides including the economy: by wasting time, fuel and productivity. Moreover, the psychological and physical health. That makes road authorities required to find solutions for reducing traffic congestion and guaranteeing security and safety on roads. To this end, detecting road users in real-time allows for providing features and information about specific road points. These last are useful for road managers and also for road users about congested points. The goal is to build a model to detect road users including vehicles and pedestrians using artificial intelligence especially machine learning and computer vision technologies. This paper provides an approach to detecting road users using as input a dataset of 22983 images, each image contains more than one of the target objects, generally about 81000 target objects, distributed on persons (pedestrians), cars, trucks/buses (vehicles), and also motorcycles/bicycles. The dataset used in this study is known as Common Objects in Context (MS COCO) published by Microsoft. Furthermore, six different models were built based on the approaches RCNN, Fast RCNN, Faster RCNN, Mask RCNN, and the 5th and the 7th versions of YOLO. In addition, a comparison of these models using evaluation metrics was provided. As a result, the chosen model is able to detect road users with more than 55% in terms of mean average precision.
A drip irrigation prediction system in a greenhouse based on long short-term memory and connected objects
Authors:   Laboratory of Information Technology and Modeling, Hassan II University, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Ghazouani M. , Azzouazi M. ,   Laboratory of Information Technology and Modeling, Hassan II University, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Lamhour M. A. ,   Laboratory of Information Technology and Modeling, Hassan II University, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik
Published: June 2023

Smart greenhouses use Internet of Things (IoT) technology to monitor and control various factors that affect plant growth, such as soil humidity, indoor humidity, soil temperature, rain sensor, illumination, and indoor temperature. Sensors and actuators connected to an IoT network can collect data on these factors and use it to automate processes such as watering, heating, and ventilation. This can help optimize growing conditions and improve crop yield. To enable their vegetative growth and development, plants need the right amount of water at the right time. The objective of this work is to strictly control the different factors that affect the growth of greenhouse crops. Therefore, we need a non-linear prediction model to perform greenhouse crop irrigation prediction. During operation, the system receives the input commands via sensors and then predicts the next watering run. The irrigation is predicted using GRU, LSTM, and BLSTM and a comparison was made between the results of the three techniques, and the technique with the best result was selected.
Implementation of smart irrigation using IoT and Artificial Intelligence
Authors:   Laboratory of Information Technology and Modeling, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Tace Y. ,   Pluridisciplinary Research and Innovation Laboratory (LPRI), Elfilali S. ,   Laboratory of Information Technology and Modeling, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Tabaa M. ,   Pluridisciplinary Research and Innovation Laboratory (LPRI), Leghris C. ,   Computer Science Department, RTM Team, FST Mohammedia
Published: June 2023

Water management is crucial for agriculture, as it is the primary source of irrigation for crops. Effective water management can help farmers to improve crop yields, reduce water waste, and increase resilience to drought. This can include practices such as precision irrigation, using sensors and technology to deliver water only where and when it is needed, and conservation tillage, which helps to reduce evaporation and retain moisture in the soil. Additionally, farmers can implement water-saving techniques such as crop selection, crop rotation, and soil conservation to reduce their water use. Thus, studies aimed at saving the use of water in the irrigation process have increased over the years. This research suggests using advanced technologies such as IoT and AI to manage irrigation in a way that maximizes crop yield while minimizing water consumption, in line with Agriculture 4.0 principles. Using sensors in controlled environments, data on plant growth was quickly collected. Thanks to the analysis and training of these data between several models among them, we find the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Naive Bayes (NB), the KNN has shown interesting results with 98.4 accuracy rate and 0.016 root mean squared error (RMSE).
Complex dynamics and chaos control in a nonlinear discrete prey–predator model
Authors:   Faculté Polydisciplinaire Khouribga, Sultan moulay Slimane University, MRI Laboratory, Mokni K. , Ben Ali H. ,   Faculté Polydisciplinaire Khouribga, Sultan moulay Slimane University, MRI Laboratory, Ch-Chaoui M. ,   Faculté Polydisciplinaire Khouribga, Sultan moulay Slimane University, MRI Laboratory
Published: June 2023

The dynamics of prey–predator interactions are often modeled using differential or difference equations. In this paper, we investigate the dynamical behavior of a two-dimensional discrete prey–predator system. The model is formulated in terms of difference equations and derived by using a nonstandard finite difference scheme (NSFD), which takes into consideration the non-overlapping generations. The existence of fixed points as well as their local asymptotic stability are proved. Further, it is shown that the model experiences Neimark–Sacker bifurcation (NSB for short) and period-doubling bifurcation (PDB) in a small neighborhood of the unique positive fixed point under certain parametric conditions. This analysis utilizes bifurcation theory and the center manifold theorem. The chaos produced by NSB and PDB is stabilized. Finally, we use numerical simulations and computer analysis to check our theories and show more complex behaviors.
Regularities of the traffic lane change by the driver when interacting with car-obstacle
Authors:   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Prasolenko Oleksii , Chumachenko Vitalii ,   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv
Published: June 2023

The paper presents the results of experimental studies of drivers` behavior when interacting with obstacles caused by parked vehicles. Today, parking cars on two-lane streets is a significant problem for drivers while driving as it creates obstacles. Drivers need to spot a parked car in time and perform a lane change maneuver. It affects the trajectories of vehicles and the functional state of the driver. The driver needs a certain amount of time to maneuver, which consists of the reaction time, the decision to change the lane, and the execution of the action. It complicates traffic conditions for the driver and creates danger for driving. If the driver does not receive information about the parking location on the street with high-speed traffic in time, the probability of danger increases significantly. In addition, drivers try to change the traffic lane, which is further occupied by parking, in advance to reduce the impact of parking on the functional state of their bodies. There is also a deviation in the cross-section of the street when the speed of movement increases relative to the parked car, which finally indicates a change in the position in the traffic lane. It was established that drivers individually choose the trajectories of changing the traffic lane by the speed of movement. In addition, each driver subjectively decides to start changing the traffic lane at his discretion when an obstacle occurs at a certain distance. Angular velocity was used as an indicator of the probability of finding an obstacle object in a dangerous state. Angular speed is the main parameter in the orientation of the driver and signals the danger. When the angular velocity was 0.015-0.03 rad/c, drivers tried to complete the maneuver and leave a certain distance from the obstacle (safety gap). It indicates some interval of angular velocity in relation to the perception of an obstacle object in space and the sense of danger. The resulting patterns of changing lanes by drivers allow for determining the safe distance to parking and ensuring traffic safety by using appropriate markings and road signs
Method of determination of the railway rolling stock coordinates within the track circuit
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Voznyak Oleh , Buriak Serhii ,   Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies
Published: June 2023

This work aims to solve one of the essential problems in railway transport – control over the position of moving units within the race. A method of constant monitoring of the track circuit with a determination of the coordinate of the train shunt placement in the shunt mode of working is proposed to solve this problem. Since the model includes the primary parameters of the track circuit, which may change their values over time, it is suggested to determine them in another (normal) working mode of the track circuit. Therefore, according to the proposed model, the secondary and primary parameters of the track circuit are first determined in the track circuit's normal work mode. Next, already in the shunt mode of its work, the obtained parameters are used to determine the coordinates of the moving unit. According to this method, firstly, the work mode of the track circuit is determined, which consists in determining the state by its input impedance. This step is performed in two stages. In the first stage, based on the state of the track relay, the fact that the track circuit doesn't work in normal mode is verified. In the second stage, the shunt mode is separated from the control mode by the value of the track circuit input impedance. In the shunt mode of the track circuit operation, the coordinate and, if necessary, the speed and acceleration of the moving unit located within the given track circuit are determined. In the normal mode of the track circuit line operation, the values of its secondary parameters are specified based on the measured values of current, voltage, and phase shift between them. This operation is performed to increase the precision of the speed and acceleration determination by solving an inverse problem. In the control mode of the track circuit operation, it is possible to determine the coordinates of damage. This method does not require a significant volume of calculations. It makes it possible to determine the secondary parameters of the track circuit and through them, the resistance of its insulation. Using this method makes it possible to determine the distance and, if necessary, the speed and acceleration of a moving unit within the track circuit. The resulting parameters can be used for positioning moving rolling stock on runs between stations. The application of this method can also be useful in sections of the railway crossings approach to implement a fixed warning time. In addition, thanks to the use of the outlined model, in the control mode of the track circuit operation, is possible to determine the damage coordinate. It will make it possible to reduce the time spent on damage detection and elimination.
Mathematical modeling of the efficiency indicator of the functioning of the transport and production system in the conditions of the quarry of a metallurgical enterprise
Authors:   Dniprovsky State Technical University, Sereda Borys , Mykovska Darya ,   PJSC Zaporozhstal
Published: June 2023

The study of the operation of quarry vehicles made it possible to form the target function of the study, taking into account the criterion of the efficiency of all processes of the system, which provides for the reduction of costs for the operation of the transport and production system of the quarry of a metallurgical enterprise, namely, the subsystems: “Incoming raw materials”, “Processing of raw materials”, “Sales of raw materials”. Factors influencing the cost indicator are highlighted. These factors include the production downtime of motor vehicles, the speed of motor vehicles with cargo, and the speed of motor vehicles without cargo. The values of these factors were obtained in result of timing the operation of motor vehicles on technological routes for four days. The levels of variation intervals and the nature of their changes for the three regimes were calculated for each of the subsystems. A regression analysis of the investigated factors was carried out to model the costs. The response surfaces of the obtained mathematical models are constructed, namely: the influence of the production downtime of motor vehicles and the speed of movement without cargo on the costs of functioning of subsystems, the influence of production downtime of motor vehicles and the speed of movement with cargo on the costs of the functioning of subsystems, the influence of the speed of movement with cargo and speed of movement without cargo for the costs of functioning of subsystems. The optimal values for reducing the cost of functioning of the “Processing of raw materials” subsystem are the value of production downtime – 4-5 min., the speed of motor vehicles without cargo – 9 min., and the speed of motor vehicles with cargo – 9 km/h. The optimal values for reducing the cost of functioning of the “Sales of raw materials” subsystem are the value of production downtime – 4-6 min., the speed of motor vehicles without cargo – 14-16 min., and the speed of motor vehicles with cargo – 13-15 km/h. The optimal values for reducing the cost of functioning of the subsystem “Incoming raw materials” are: the value of production downtime is 4-5 minutes, the speed of motor vehicles without cargo is 7-8 km/h, the speed of motor vehicles with cargo is 10 km/h.
Analysis of the security of on-board information systems in vehicles
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Weigang Ganna , Komar Kateryna ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Published: June 2023

The features of the functioning of the on-board information systems of a car are considered. Threats to their security are analyzed, and methods for ensuring information security and functional security of on-board information systems are proposed. The design of road networks in the organization of road traffic is one of the factors in ensuring the functional security of modern intelligent transport systems, that is, compliance with such information security attributes as data confidentiality, integrity, availability, authenticity and novelty of data. The security of on-board vehicle information systems is a critical issue in the modern world, as more and more vehicles are equipped with electronic systems that may be vulnerable to cyber attacks. One of the main challenges of protecting on-board information systems is the wide range of devices and technologies used in modern vehicles. Different systems may have different security requirements and vulnerabilities. They may interact with each other in a complex way. Another challenge is that many of these systems were not designed originally with security in mind. They may lack basic security features such as encryption and authentication and use outdated software and protocols that are vulnerable to known attacks. The main types of attacks and threats to the elements of the transportation system that interact with the VANET were identified to analyze the information security of vehicle in-vehicle systems. Based on the theory of fuzzy sets under conditions of uncertainty and using the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox in the integrated Matlab environment, the level of information security of the OBU-VANET system was modeled. The obtained results allowed us to formulate the degree of information security of vehicle operation elements against unauthorized access to data. The results of the study showed that technical communication systems have the highest security level (> 0.7), and vehicles become the most vulnerable in public places.
The need for eco-driving technologies in urban public transport
Authors:   Lutsk National Technical University, Slatov Ivan , Murovanyi Igor ,   Lutsk National Technical University
Published: June 2023

This article discusses the challenges facing public transport in Ukraine in terms of reducing fuel consumption and emissions. The absence or insufficient development of means and methods for monitoring driver behaviour, as well as high staff turnover, create significant difficulties in controlling drivers and vehicles. A conducted study in Lutsk, the administrative center of the Volyn region, analyzed the driving behavior of passenger buses in the city. Results showed that typical driving modes include idling (40%), acceleration (18%), driving at a constant speed (29%), and braking (13%). The study also revealed average accelerations and decelerations, and these results do not meet the requirements of ecological driving. The correlation between driver behavior and these dynamic acceleration and braking characteristics has been established. Possible causes for this phenomenon are discussed in the study. The article proposes the introduction of modern solutions to solve these problems. These solutions are Eco-Driving Assistance Systems (EDAS) or integrated systems, such as FleetControl from TRIONA, which can help learning operating conditions and reduce fuel consumption and emissions. These programmes can also serve as effective monitoring tools for individual drivers and transport companies. This paper describes these applications and reviews the research related to their use and development. In addition, the article highlights the importance of training drivers in eco-driving as a cost-effective method of improving fuel efficiency in transport companies. The paper concludes by emphasising the need for further research to fully understand the complexities of public transport in Ukraine and the potential benefits of introducing innovative technologies for a more sustainable and efficient future for the industry.
SENIOR SCHOOL MATHEMATICS TEACHERS’ AWARENESS AND PERCEPTIONS OF ICT RESOURCES FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING
Authors: SALAWU Semiu Ayinla , AMEEN Khadijat Saka , ADENIJI Saidat Morenikeji
Published: June 2023

This study therefore investigated senior school Mathematics teachers’ awareness and perceptions of ICT resources for teaching and learning of Mathematics: a case of Nigeria. A descriptive research of the survey type was employed. The population for the study consisted of all Senior Secondary School Mathematics teachers in Kwara-Central, Kwara State, Nigeria where two hundred and fifty five Mathematics (255) teachers were involved in the study. Public and private school Mathematics teachers were selected using simple random sampling technique. The research instrument used in the study was “Mathematics Teachers’ Awareness and Perceptions of ICT Resources Questionnaire” (MTAPIRQ). A reliability value of 0.83 was determined using Cronbach alpha in the SPSS version 22. Data were analyzed using percentage and chi-square statistical tools at 0.05 significant level. The result revealed that Mathematics teachers are aware and have positive perceptions of ICT resources for teaching and learning. The result finally revealed that teachers’ perceptions are not dependent on their years of teaching experience. Recommendations were therefore made.
KREATIVITAS SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL DENGAN KONTEKS JAKABARING SPORT CITY PADA MATERI PELUANG
Authors: Efryanty Efryanty , Zulkardi Zulkardi , Susanti Ely
Published: June 2023

This study aims to describe the emergence of indicators of student creativity when solving mathematical problems on opportunities using the context of Jakabaring Sport City Palembang. This research ended as a qualitative descriptive study with 3 subjects in class IX Mts. Najahiyah. This research has three stages, the first is the preparation stage, the second is the implementation stage and the third is the data analysis stage. Data obtained from written tests and interviews. The answers that have been obtained from the subject will be analyzed in three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions based on previously determined indicators. From the results of the research conducted by the researcher, the students who answered the most based on the indicator, namely fluency and originality while the indicators of flexibility and elaboration only one subject fulfilled these indicators.
The Perception of Teachers on Integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Into Mathematics Teaching and Learning
Authors: Mintah Belinda Owusu , Owusu-Darko Isaac , Apoenchir Henry
Published: June 2023

Integration of Technology in the teaching and learning process has gained recent attention, most especially whether it favors less endowed countries like Ghana. The purpose of the study was to find teachers' perceptions of the integration of ICT into Mathematics teaching and learning in Ghanaian Senior High Schools and discover the potential barriers hindering effective ICT integration. The population comprised all teachers in the Greater Accra Region. A simple random sampling was used to select the teachers. Two public mixed and one private mixed school from the Ga South Municipality were purposefully selected. A total of twenty-five (25) teachers and sixty (60) students were selected from the three schools. The research design for the study was a mixed method research design. Questionnaires were administered personally to the teacher. The findings revealed that 95.8% of the teachers have not been using computers in their classroom instruction even though they have access to computers in their schools. It was also discovered that 83.3% of the schools do not have specialized software for teaching Mathematics installed on the computers in their laboratories. It is therefore recommended that specialized software for teaching and learning Mathematics be installed on the computers in the various Senior High Schools laboratories to enable the mathematics teachers in the SHS to have access to them and use them in their teaching.
Principals’ Managerial Skills and Teachers’ Job Performance: Evidence from Public Secondary Schools in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Akporehe Dorah A. , Asiyai Romina I.
Published: June 2023

Employing correlational survey research design this study examined principals’ managerial skills and teachers’ job performance in secondary schools in Owa communities in Delta State, Nigeria. Two research questions and three hypotheses guided the investigation. The population of the study comprised all the secondary schools in Owa communities of North Senatorial District of Delta State, Nigeria. A sample of ten principals and seventy-eight teachers were selected through random sampling technique. A questionnaire which comprised of two sections was used to collect data for the study. The first part was tagged ‘Principals ’Managerial Skills Questionnaire, PMSQ’ and the second part contained 14 items tagged Teachers’ Job Performance Questionnaire, TJPQ’. The instruments were face and content validated by two professors of educational management. Through split-half technique, reliability coefficients 0f 0.78 and 0.82 were computed for PMSQ and TJPQ respectively, using the Cronbach Alpha formula. The mean and standard deviation scores were used to answer the research questions. The hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (r) statistics, and the level of significance was 0.05. The findings revealed that the managerial skills possessed by public secondary school principals for influencing teachers’ job performance are communication, human relations and technical. The level of teachers’ job performance is moderate. There was a significant relationship between principals’ communication skill, human relation skill and technical skill and teachers’ job performance in secondary schools in Owa communities in Delta State, Nigeria. The study recommends capacity building of principals, especially in technical skills on the use of modern techniques and innovative methods in school administration for better teachers’ job performance.
ChatGPT4 on the Caloric Theory of Heat
Authors: Stávek Jiří
Published: June 2023

This is my first attempt to communicate with the ChatGPT4 on the caloric theory of heat. ChatGPT4 reacted promptly with a good overview of this topic. ChatGPT4 during our half hour conversation brought a new view to this topic with some unknown references to the author of this contribution. ChatGPT4 can be promising support to improve the literature search and can offer new ideas before the experimental work and during the preparation of the manuscript. However, the “classical preparation” still plays the dominant role.
Adaptation of Activity Theory Framework for Effective Online Learning Experiences: Bringing Cognitive Presence with Teaching and Social Presences in Online Courses
Authors: GOGUS AYTAC
Published: June 2023

The study logic is constructed on offering online courses can be seen a new way of enhancing a cognitive presence besides teaching and social presences of the Community of Inquiry (CoI) model. Creating and enhancing cognitive, teaching, and social presences require an innovation for teachers during planning, implementing, and evaluating their online courses. As teachers develop their own expertise in teaching online, so hopefully they contribute to enhance cognitive, teaching, and social presences for effective online learning. This study reviews models for online learning experiences and propose a new model by adapting activity theory in the online learning management context. This study presents a framework aims to adapt activity theory to present how to design, develop, implement, and evaluate online courses that enhance a cognitive presence besides teaching and social presences. This study suggest to consider objects as online learning experiences with cognitive presence, teaching presence, social presence since enhancing cognitive presence, teaching presence and social presence means to reach learning outcomes of the course besides matching the required qualifications of higher education.
Keep Learning: Student Engagement in an Online Environment
Authors: Bedi Akanksha
Published: June 2023

Student engagement is a key factor in promoting learning and academic achievement. This study explores the factors underlying student engagement and the best practices advocated by students and faculty to engage students. Results revealed that student motivation to learn and self-efficacy are positively associated with student engagement. In addition, self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between motivation to learn and student engagement. Finally, both faculty and students suggested diverse and inclusive techniques to engage students. Online education may become our new reality, and adjustment to this new world requires shifting to a new pedagogical paradigm.
Online Credit Recovery School-Level Enrollment: Intended and Unintended Consequences
Authors: Viano Samantha
Published: June 2023

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, online credit recovery (OCR) was the most popular use of distance learning in high schools in the United States. With high course failure rates during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, high schools have turned to OCR to help students recover lost credit. This study examined the potential consequences of increasing OCR enrollment at the school level using administrative data from North Carolina and found that increasing OCR enrollment is associated with higher rates of passing previously failed courses but with diminishing returns after about three-quarters of students who failed courses enrolling in OCR. Consistent OCR enrollment increases over four years is associated with higher graduation rates. Contrary to prior research, this study finds no evidence that school-level OCR enrollment increases are associated with lower test score proficiency rates. Using pre-pandemic data to help inform post-pandemic decision making, the results suggest that increasing OCR enrollment might address increased pandemic-induced course failure rates by expanding opportunities to re-earn course credit, but this would not necessarily translate to higher graduation rates.
Kekerasan dalam Pendidikan di Sekolah: Bentuk, Sebab, Dampak, dan Solusi
Authors: Fadhilah Awaliya Nur , Munjin
Published: June 2023

Kekerasan tidak boleh terjadi dalam bidang apapun terutama dalam bidang pendidikan. Makna dari kekerasan dalam pendidikan adalah sebuah hukuman yang terasa bagi siswa sehingga siswa merasakan sakit, baik sakit secara fisik, ataupun sakit secara psikologis. Padahal inti dari pemberian hukuman yang mendidik adalah supaya timbul kesadaran siswa terhadap perilakunya yang salah dan berkomitmen tidak mengulangi kesalahan tersebut. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengatahui bentuk kekerasan dalam pendidikan, penyebab kekerasan dalam pendidikan terjadi, dampak terjadinya kekerasan dalam pendidikan, dan solusi yang tepat untuk tindakan kekerasan dalam pendidikan di sekolah.  Jenis penelitian yang di gunakan yaitu kajian pustaka. Dan dilakukan dengan membaca, menelaah serta menganalisis berbagai literatur yang ada, berupa jurnal dan hasil penelitian. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan adalah kekerasan dalam pendidikan masih terjadi hingga saat ini dan dapat berlangsung tanpa melihat lokasi kejadian, waktu kejadian dan pelaku kekerasan.
Institutionalization of human rights to health care in the international legal space
Authors: Пирога І. , Byelov D.
Published: June 2023

Work analyzes international and national legal documents related to the moral right to health and the obligations of states to ensure it. International health law includes the right to health care as one of its constituent parts. The state's concern for the health of its citizens is not only related to the problem of improving health, but also to other fundamental norms of international human rights law, such as dignity and equality, which require the provision of basic medical care and the fair distribution of all resources Health Care. The conditions for ensuring the highest attainable level of health and their connection with the level of socio-economic development of the state, the availability of resources and opportunities for international cooperation are analyzed. International law on human rights to health focuses on the social determinants of health. Many social determinants of health, including education and water, are separate international rights. Components articulating other recognized rights, clearly related to the right to health, limit the scope of its possible realization. Expanded access to health care does not correlate with the normative goals of the right to health, and health care is not a strong causal factor in achieving it, at least compared to many social determinants of health. However, universal access to health care is a valuable asset for ensuring the realization of the right to health, so most states have enshrined the right to health (in one sense or another) in their basic laws. It is no accident that the declaration on health care (or "right to health") is enshrined in most modern constitutions, which in itself gives this right a special social and legal status, taking into account the importance of the basic law in the hierarchy of regulatory acts of any country. Such a legal arrangement does not always mean the possibility of actual realization of the right to health care, this is largely facilitated by the political, economic and cultural conditions of a particular country.
Content and practical application of the principle of proportionality in international law
Authors: Totskyi B.
Published: June 2023

The presence of the principle of proportionality in separate branches of international law indicates that it affects its fundamental, ideological foundations and is related to international law as a whole. At the same time, despite the importance that the principle of proportionality has in international law, disputes regarding its content, the essence of the role of proportionality in theory and practice are still the subject of discussions. The article is devoted to the analysis of the practical application of the principle of proportionality in international law.

In the course of the conducted analysis, it was established that the principle of proportionality in international law manifests itself in various forms and contexts. At a time when it plays a decisive role in the protection of human rights, in certain areas of international law the principle does not have clear boundaries, and the possibility of applying the three-stage verification causes reasoned discussions. Like the principle of justice, the principle of proportionality does not involve the mechanical application of norms and rules, but is primarily aimed at achieving reasonable and fair results in each individual case.

It was established that the use of the principle of proportionality makes it impossible to refer to precedent judicial practice, since the result of its use depends on the specific context, existing circumstances and established factors. Basically, discussions about the application of the principle of proportionality revolve around spheres, the subjects of which disputes are not regulated by special agreements. This makes a uniform and simplified application of the principle of proportionality impossible, without canceling the need for its application. The above causes a general scientific interest in the peculiarities of the implementation of the principle in practice, namely: analysis of sanctions policy and reprisals in response to violations of international law; assessments of the role of proportionality in maritime disputes and disputes related to trade relations within the framework of the World Trade Organization, as well as bilateral protection of international investments; features of the application of the principle by arbitration courts and tribunals during the analysis of the actual circumstances of cases, etc.

Despite the fact that the principle of proportionality has significant potential, its main drawback remains the dependence on the evaluation judgments of the subjects who apply it in practice. A significant flaw in the implementation of the principle of proportionality lies in the definition of the independence and independence of international judicial and other bodies in international law, their material, financial and other dependence on different states (for example, on the position of the countries in which the headquarters of these structures are located); dependence of judges and arbitrators on the countries in which they live or whose citizens they are, etc.
The legal doctrine of natural law in the regulation of social relations based on the rule of law
Authors: Romanova A.
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to the philosophical and legal problems of the value aspects of the legal doctrine of the ideas of natural law in the regulation of social relations, which within the existing legal doctrines are designed to enrich the legal toolkit, to reveal the essential properties of law as a phenomenon.

It was found that the term «doctrine» in relation to legal and state understanding covers all essential properties and approaches to these phenomena. Relying on the scientific achievements of legal scholars, it is possible to find out the essence of law and the state, and later, to take this knowledge as a basis for law-making activities for the formation of legislation and for its full interpretation.

It is emphasized that, based on the statements of scientists, legal doctrine should be understood as a complete and harmonious system of principles, views, ideas, ideas, concepts, which forms the foundation of legal understanding, through which it has a direct influence on law-making and law enforcement.

It is noted that the essence of a person is to fully exist, to ensure his livelihood, without violating the rights and freedoms of other people, and to contribute to the restoration and preservation of peaceful and humane coexistence of mankind in the globalized space. Therefore, a person's right to life, to observe the principle of preserving human dignity and all the needs arising from this can be considered natural in the essence of a person.

The doctrine of natural law in no way opposes its ideas to the positivist approach, but on the contrary, allows to prevent the arbitrariness of norms adopted by the state regarding the honor and dignity of a person. The valuable aspects of the doctrine of natural law consist in the general human perception of natural-law norms as divine (for a believer), natural-physical laws of the construction of the universe (for materialists).
Responsibility for violation of the rules of financing a political party, election agitation or agitation of a referendum
Authors: Deshko L. , Bysaga Yu.
Published: June 2023

The article emphasizes that political parties contribute to the formation and expression of the political will of citizens. Thanks to them, citizens of Ukraine can exercise their right to freely choose and be elected to state and local government bodies. A form of direct democracy, in addition to elections, is a referendum. Attention is focused on the fact that the financing of political parties, pre-election campaigning or referendum campaigning can be the tool that, in the presence of deficiencies in the current legislation regulating social relations that arise when giving or receiving a contribution to support a political party, or when receiving state funding of a statutory activities of a political party, or when providing or receiving financial (material) support for pre election campaigning or referendum campaigning, may be used to suppress the will of voters. Attention is also drawn to such a phenomenon as political corruption.

It is established that the fines for violating the rules of political party financing, pre-election campaigning or referendum campaigning are disproportionate to the amount of money that any political party receives and spends during elections. The consequence of this is that the amount of the fine fixed in the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses, the Criminal Code of Ukraine, is not a safeguard against violations. The amount of money spent on political advertising and pre-election campaigning and the amount of fines for violating the rules of political financing are disproportionate. It is proposed to amend the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses, applying an approach according to which the fine is 100% of the amount of illegal contributions or support received, but not less than 100 tax-free minimum incomes of citizens. If the reporting procedure is violated, the fine is at least 1,000 tax-free minimum incomes of citizens.

The shortcomings of the legislation of Ukraine consist in the fact that the provision of financial (material) support for campaigning or in favor of a political party is equated with the transfer of ownership; for criminal offenses characterized by a greater degree of public danger, fines are lower than for administrative violations. Ways to improve the current legislation of Ukraine are proposed, including, in Art. 159 1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is proposed to provide for such a sanction as confiscation of property.
Historical and legal prerequisites of the formation of the basis of pharmaceutical activity in the Ancient world
Authors: Zelinskiiy A.
Published: June 2023

The article examines the historical and legal foundations of the formation of the foundations of pharmaceutical activity in the ancient world, which determined the specifics of its further development. The topicality of the topic is due to the fact that the effective legal support of pharmaceutical activity as the most accessible source of obtaining the necessary medicines and medical products for citizens in the conditions of a pandemic and war has become extremely important. But in order to predict the direction of modernization of any legal phenomenon, it is necessary to first of all study the conditions of its occurrence and stages of development. Therefore, in order to determine directions for improving pharmaceutical legislation, it is considered necessary to investigate the prerequisites for the emergence of pharmaceutical activity as an object of its regulation.To achieve the goal, the author used a wide methodological toolkit of legal science, including methods of hypothetical and reverse analysis and synthesis, casual analogy, extrapolation, comparison, logical and axiomatic methods.According to the results of the research, it is summarized that pharmacy (the prototype of modern pharmaceutical activity) originated as an element of ancient medicine and began to develop in its composition until it was separated into an independent type of activity. This period in the history of pharmacy can be conditionally divided into three major stages. The first, and the longest, begins with the appearance of man and ends with the emergence of writing in early civilizations. We have not found any documentary sources that would indicate that the provision of medical (including pharmaceutical) assistance during this period was normalized. The second period lasts several millennia and ends in the 1st millennium BC, when medicine, and with it pharmacy, first became the object of scientific attention. The third period marks the flowering of ancient medicine, including pharmacy, and is characterized by the first attempts to standardize such activities by the norms of Roman law. This stage ends in parallel with the fall of Rome in the 5th century. not. It was during this period that the foundations of pharmacy were laid, which in many ways determined the process of the further separation of pharmacy into an independent type of activity.
The agreement on the emphytesis concerning land for agricultural needs and peculiarities of judicial protection of the parties to such agreement
Authors: Smolenko Ye.
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to the specifics of the normative and legal regulation of the contract of emphytheusis and its judicial practice, in which the right has a place, regarding the use of a plot of land for agricultural purposes.

In the scientific literature, there are several approaches to defining the concept of emphytheusis. In particular, it is considered that this is a contract of use, which establishes a land easement, and as the right to own and use someone else's land plot for personal needs.

It is an absolute fact that the current land legislation does not determine either the terms or the procedure for payment under the contract of emphyteussis. This means that the parties must determine these essential terms of the contract independently, which is essentially not only the duty, but also the right of the parties to such a contract. Failure to take into account and settlement or improper settlement of this issue may have negative consequences in the field of performance of such a contract.

It is these problematic issues that most often become the subject of their judicial review. Of course, the long-term duration of such contracts does not take into account the inflationary components of the increase in the normative monetary value of land, other force majeure circumstances or changes in legislation, etc.

These and other facts and circumstances definitely affect both proof and enforcement in the field of judicial protection of the rights of the parties to the emphytheusis contract. It is for these reasons that the author notes that judicial practice is not as unambiguous as it would be desirable. In this regard, the work examines the practice of the Supreme Court, which is essentially final in nature. At the same time, the work conducts a legal analysis of changes in the current legislation of Ukraine in the field of land use during the current state of war.

The author also analyzes the issue of the automatic extension of emphyteusis treaties, based on their termination after the introduction of martial law in Ukraine. In addition, the work draws attention to the presence of legislative gaps, which courts overcome at the expense of judicial law-making in the field of emphytheusis legal relations, in connection with which the author provides suggestions on ways to eliminate them.