bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Pilates exercises on non-specific low back pain to determine pain and disability
Authors: Manikandan P. , Mohan Kumar G. , Rajalaxmi V. , Priya C. , Yuvarani G. , Tharani G. , Kamatchi K. , Vaishnavi . , Muthu Raj G.
Published: December 2021

Introduction and Aim: Low back discomfort is one of the commonest musculoskeletal problems. The Pilates exercises are an approach to stretching and strengthening techniques and specifically train all the core muscles. The intend of the current study was to verify the influences of the Pilates exercises among pain and disability among patients with Non-specific Low Back Pain (NSLBP).  
 
Materials and Methods: A 100 non-specific low back pain subjects were randomly selected for this experimental study. The study includes of non-specific LBP age group between 25 to 40 years, both male and female patients with pain and disability and this study excludes spinal fractures and Pregnant Women. The estimations were taken utilizing Visual Analogue scale (VAS), Patient Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) and Modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (MODQ). Subjects are allotted in two groups, Group A (Pilates group) receives Pilate’s exercise and Group B (conventional group) receives conventional exercise. Exercises were given for 3 times a week for 12 weeks and a regular follow up was done for every 4 weeks.
 
Results: Group A (Pilates group) were found to be more effective than Group B (conventional group). It shows a highly significant difference in mean values at P ? 0.001. This implies that Pilates exercise is more beneficial in decreasing pain and functional disability.
 
Conclusion: On comparing the mean values, Group A (Pilates group) showed significant improvement at the end of the study when compared with Group B (conventional group).
Olgular Işığında İleusun Güncel Cerrahi Tedavisi
Authors: ALYANAK Ahmet , GÜLEN Merter , EGE Bahadır
Published: December 2021

More than 200 million operations are performed worldwide each year. Most of these patients have comorbid features such as advanced age (1). Postoperative ileus is an annoying condition that usually develops after abdominal surgeries. The incidence of postoperative ileus after colorectal surgery is more common than other surgeries. Incidence rtes vary between 10% and 30% of the incidence of postoperative ileus have been reported (2,3). Various risk factors have been identified for the development of ileus. These risk factors are; It can be summarized as advanced age, open surgical approaches, the difficulty of the operation, operation time intestines, decrease in hematocrit or need for blood transfusion /crystalloid and late mobilization. In most cases, more than one of these risk factors is observed. Ileus pathophysiology; it was defined by Vater et al as impared motility and intestinal wall edema (4). Although some publications argue that mechanical ileus can be treated conservatively within 12 hours by rejecting the rule of thumb (5), what we have experienced in these two cases is that the conservative approach is not sufficient in the treatment of such cases. And perhaps to insistence on conservative treatment may cause irreversible damage to the general condition of the patient. We aimed in this study to examine current surgical treatments in two ileus cases with a complex picture. Keywords: Ileus, abdominal surgery, treatment of ileus
Evaluation of Adolescents with Restless Legs Syndrome: Relation to School Success
Authors: Günay Neslihan , İsmailoğluları Sevda , Özdemir Demirci Esra , Kardaş Fatih , Per Hüseyin
Published: December 2021

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), which may be a missed diagnosis in children, is seen at an important frequency. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with RLS and to show the effect of RLS on school success. Forty-three patients with RLS and 43 healthy volunteers were included to the study. Blood samples were taken to measure ferritin. The averages of school exam scores were recorded. The patient group was classified as mild, moderate, severe, and very severe according to the RLS rating scale. The daytime sleepiness was measured by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The"Turgay DSM-IV-Based Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavioral Disorders Screening and Rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S)" was completed by parents, and patients' inattention, and hyperactivity-impulsivity scores were compared with the control group. According to the RLS rating scale scores 25.6% (n:11) were evaluated as mild, 60.5% (n:26) were moderate and 14% (n:6) were severe. The mean ferritin level was significantly lower in the patient group. The mean score of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity in the patient group to be significantly higher than the control. The mathematics and science course mean grades were significantly lower in the patient group than the controls (66.7±17.7 vs 74.2±11.7). ESS scores were found to be significantly higher in the patient group. In this study, RLS has been found associated with ADHD and iron deficiency, similar to previous studies. There are not many studies on the effects of RLS in children on daily life and this study has objectively shown that RLS reduces patients' school achievement
Postinfectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans
Authors: Yılmaz Aslı İmran , Pekcan Sevgi
Published: December 2021

Childhood bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is an uncommon complication that is characterized clinically by persistent and continuous obstructive respiratory symptoms, and has been described secondary to various etiologic factors, including drugs, exposure to toxic fumes, allergic reactions, collagen vascular disease or infections. BO occurs most commonly in children after an episode of acute bronchiolitis and is considered a long-term sequela of viral infection.Postinfectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans (PIBO) is characterized by persistent airway obstruction with functional and radiological evidence of small airway involvement that is in general unresponsive to bronchodilator treatment.Although the condition is relatively rare, and its exact incidence is unknown, it is important to keep it in mind. PIBO is complication of lower respiratory tract epithelial injury, and is often misdiagnosed, delaying recognition and potential treatment. A PIBO diagnosis is usually based on a few factors, including a good medical history, positive clinical findings, and lung function test and imaging results, although biopsy and histopathology remain as the optimum diagnostic approach. There have to date been few studies proposing treatments for the condition, and no accepted protocol exists in literature. There is usually a fixed airway obstruction in PIBO. Various treatment approaches have been extrapolated from studies of post bone marrow transplantations and lung transplant BO. The clinical course is variable, and good supportive therapy is essential, with anti-inflammatory therapy often being employed.
Resistant Chorea Successfully Treated with Intravenous Immunoglobulin: A Case Report
Authors: Güven Ahmet Sami , Oflaz Mehmet Burhan , Kaya Ali , Bolat Fatih , Aygüneş Utku , İçağasıoğlu Füsun Dilara
Published: December 2021

Sydenham’s chorea (SC) is common cause of acquired chorea in childhood. SC occurs mainly in children with untreated streptococcal infections. An effective list of therapeutic options has been used to treat this disorder: antiepileptic drugs (valproic acid, carbamazepine etc.), haloperidol, chlorpromazine, amphetamines, steroids, plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG). We report a 12-year-old girl with carditis and severely generalized chorea and successfully treated with IVIG. This case report shows that IVIG is an effective treatment for the chorea cases resistant to anticonvulsants, dopamine antagonists and steroids, although larger studies are needed to confirm this conclusion.
Upward and downward accountability in local government: the decentralisation of agricultural extension services in Tanzania
Authors: Lameck Wilfred U , Hulst Rudie
Published: December 2021

A key assumption behind decentralisation in developing countries is that it enhances the accountability of local government and results in policies that reflect the preferences of the local community. However, previous research shows that local politicians and administrators in many developing countries to a large extent behave as if they were primarily accountable to central government, not local communities. The literature suggests various explanatory factors but does not provide insight into their relative weight and into how different factors interact. This paper combines comparative case-study research with in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with local government politicians and officials involved in the delivery of agricultural extension services in Tanzania. It shows that limited administrative and political decentralisation and centralistic human resources management restrict downward accountability to the community. Downward accountability is also constrained by the social rules that local politicians and administrators observe. For downward accountability to materialise, formal systems of public administration need to introduce incentives to that effect.
Trends in rural fiscal decentralisation in India’s Karnataka state: a focus on public health
Authors: Rao Megha , Mukherji Arnab , Swaminathan Hema
Published: December 2021

For decades, decentralisation reforms have been seen as a powerful instrument by health policy advocates to improve health sector performance in developing countries. In India, the 73rd Constitutional Amendment introduced in 1992 called for strengthening the fiscal autonomy and service delivery capacity of rural local governments. This paper explores how decentralised governance influences public health sector resource allocation, equity and efficiency in rural Karnataka. For this, the authors analysed administrative data published by the Karnataka state government to create tailored standardised performance measures that capture the degree of local governments’ fiscal discretion in implementing public health programmes from 2011–18 at the district level. The findings highlight sector-specific differences in fiscal autonomy, ranging from high local discretion over funds in the nutrition sector to very limited discretion in the medical and public health sector. They also show that decentralised public health funding is not well-targeted to areas of greatest need in Karnataka
Elusive empowerment: characteristics of indirectly elected women chairpersons of district councils in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Choudhari Preety , Roy Trisha , Verma Khushboo , Bharti Reena , Verma Sonia
Published: December 2021

The 73rd Amendment to the Constitution of India was introduced with a stated legislative intent of reserving not less than a third of seats for women in institutions of local self-government, the three-tier panchayati raj institutions. That amendment is considered a milestone in India’s project of empowerment of women. This paper evaluates the power and prestige of the post of an adhyaksha (chairperson) of a zila (district) panchayat (council) in general, and in particular the status of women elected to the post during 2016 in the state of Uttar Pradesh (UP). Analysing the candidature, electoral success, electoral practices and subsequent functioning of zila panchayat adhyakshas (ZPAs), the authors argue that despite seats being reserved for women, no meaningful political empowerment of women has occurred in UP. The paper questions the efficacy of the indirect mode of election of ZPAs in bringing about empowerment of women, arguing that indirect elections enable powerful ruling elites to use women as proxies, subverting the legislative intent of the 73rd Amendment. The paper therefore proposes electoral reforms.
Indigenous peoples’ human rights, self-determination and local governance – Part 2
Authors: Wensing Ed
Published: December 2021

Part 1 of this article explored the relevance of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples of Australia, particularly the key principles of self-determination and free, prior and informed consent; how the international human rights framework applies in Australia; and Australia’s lack of compliance with it. Part One concluded by discussing the Uluru Statement from the Heart, presented to all the people of Australia in 2017, and how it marked a turning point in the struggle for recognition by Australia’s Indigenous peoples.

Part 2 explores recent developments since the release of the Uluru Statement, especially at sub-national levels, in relation to treaty and truth-telling. It draws some comparisons with Canada and New Zealand, discusses the concept of coexistence, and presents a set of Foundational Principles for Parity and Coexistence between two culturally distinct systems of land ownership, use and tenure.
Resourcing local government in Ghana: the potential of volunteering to deliver basic services
Authors: Adamtey Ronald , Amoako Clifford , Doe Benjamin
Published: December 2021

Both local and foreign volunteers have been involved in community development activities in Ghana. However, there is a dearth of research on the perceived and real impacts of volunteers in delivering services, reasons for volunteering, the potential of volunteering to supplement the human and financial resources of local governments in Ghana, and the conditions required for more successful outcomes. This qualitative study examined volunteering activities across 15 communities of the Komenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abirem (KEEA) Municipality in Ghana’s Central Region. It found that volunteering empowered the people, triggered self-help initiatives and improved local people’s knowledge on health and environmental issues. However, there are challenges in finding political and social space for volunteers within the current local government system. The study recommends efforts to address that issue.
Determining Role of TGF-β3 in Some Treatments of Albino Mouse, Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758 Infected with Hydatid Cyst by Using an Immunohistoflourescent Staining Technique
Authors: Sadek Afrah
Published: December 2021

The present study was conducted as an attempt to treat secondary hydatid disease in white mice strain Balb/c by immunohistoflourescent (IHF) staining technique. For this purpose, the mice were infected with hydatid cysts and treatment was done by oxfendazole (OFZ) at a concentration of 30 mg/kg, praziquantel (PZQ) at a concentration of 40 mg/kg and albendazole (ABZ) at a concentration of 10 mg/kg of body weight. Each drug was given weekly for four months and the same concentrations as above. The results showed that the highest treatment efficiency was in case of OFZ + PZQ treated mice, while the groups treated with OFZ, OFZ + ABZ and ABZ + PZQ showed less treatment efficiency, respectively. The IHF staining technique was used to determine the cytokinesis of TGF-β3 in the spleen and liver of experimental mice. For this reason, OFZ is considered as one of the most promising chemotherapies used in the treatment of hydatid cysts.
Mapping of Plant-Parasitic Nematode Using GIS Technology in Tainal Watershed, Sulaimaniyah Province, Iraq
Authors: Abdulrahman Akram
Published: December 2021

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate soil samples which had been taken from depths ranging from 0-30 cm in greenhouses planted with different vegetables such as cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers and eggplants in 24 agricultural sites in 19 villages. GIS application was used to make maps showing the results of a field survey that was conducted. The experiment was conducted for an area of 12 km2 in the Tainal Plain, west of Sulaimaniyah Province. Nearly 30% of the soil of the greenhouses were heavily infected. Plant analysis showed that the characteristics of ash, fat and moisture were significantly affected as a result of infection with nematodes. The spread of root-knot nematode juveniles in the villages of Al-Mahmoudia, Kani Pengsharma and Kani Shaya was 706, 695 and 622 per 250 g of soil. In tissues of the studied plants, the highest nitrogen content was 68.2 mg in Ziyeka, 60.4 mg in Gawani and 59.7 mg in Ali Bzaw. Phosphorus concentrations were highest in Kani Shaya, Shwankara and Ziyeka (25.5, 25.3 and 23.1 mg, respectively). Warmizyar had 91.8 mg of potassium, Kani Shaya had 78.6 mg and Kani Big had 71.6 mg. The calcium concentrations in Ziyeka, Gawani and Mewk were 54.5, 48.4 and 47.7 mg, respectively.
Fitotoxicidad del cadmio sobre la germinación y crecimiento inicial de variedades de maíz Ecuatorianas
Authors: Aguirre Henry , Viteri Patricio , León Pamela , Mayía Yerimar , Cobos Patricio , Mero Mariuxi , Pernía Beatriz
Published: December 2021

El cadmio (Cd) es un contaminante que genera inhibición de la germinación y disminución en la productividad de los cultivos. En Ecuador se ha demostrado la contaminación por este metal en algunos suelos agrícolas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue medir los efectos del Cd sobre la germinación y el crecimiento de las variedades de maíz INIAP-101, INIAP-122, INIAP-151, INIAP H-551, INIAP H-553, INIAP-180 y una variedad Autóctona de la provincia de Manabí en Ecuador. Se expusieron semillas de estas variedades a 0, 0,25, 0,5, 1, 2, 4 y 8 mg∙L-1 de CdNO3 durante 8 días y se determinó el día de inicio y porcentaje de germinación, así como la longitud de la radícula y del hipocótilo. El efecto del metal se evaluó mediante el cálculo de los índices de tolerancia y de fitotoxicidad. El porcentaje de germinación disminuyó 37,5% en la variedad INIAP H-551, y levemente en la Autóctona en el nivel de 1 mg∙L-1 de Cd; las otras no se vieron afectadas. Según el índice de tolerancia, la variedad más tolerante fue la Autóctona y las menos tolerantes INIAP-101 e INIAP-122. El índice integral de fitotoxicidad mostró la toxicidad del Cd en el siguiente orden: INIAP-101, INIAP H-551, INIAP-122, INIAP H-553, INIAP-180, INIAP-151 y la menos afectada fue la Autóctona. Se recomienda a los agricultores analizar la concentración de cadmio en el suelo previo al cultivo, y dependiendo del grado de contaminación, evitar las variedades menos tolerantes.
Current aspects of COVID-19 vaccine prophylaxis: big steps from laboratory to clinical practice
Authors: Grinko D. V. , Moiseev D. V. , Voropaev E. V. , Stoma I. O.
Published: December 2021

For more than a year and a half, the entire world has been experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic. Only the development of safe and effective vaccines may make the most significant changes in the fight against this infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) and its partners are contributing to accelerated development of vaccines because it is the vaccination along with social distancing and the use of personal protective equipment that is an effective way to prevent the coronavirus disease. This review covers general characteristics of vaccines registered or approved by at least one national regulator, the risks and side effects of the vaccines, as well as approaches to assess the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination.
Epidemiological analysis of the malignant tumors of the larynx in Belarus over 2000–2019
Authors: Shlyaga I. D. , Kaliadzich Zh. V. , Ivanov S. A. , Yaumenenka A. A.
Published: December 2021

Objective.To analyze basic medico-statistical indices of the morbidity rates of the malignant tumors of the larynx in the Republic of Belarus.

Materials and methods.Data of the Belarusian Cancer Register on all detected cases of the malignant tumors of the larynx in the Republic of Belarus over 2000-2019 served as the material of the study. The following rates were studied: age standardized morbidity, gross intensive morbidity, morbidity separately in the general population and working age population, in urban and rural population, males and females. All epidemiological indices for the periods 2000-2005 and 2015-2019 in the country and across the regions of the Republic of Belarus were compared.

Results.The age standardized morbidity rate in Belarus increased from 4.2 cases/year per 100,000 population in 2000 to 5.8 in 2019. The gross intensive morbidity rate increased from 5.5 to 7.3, respectively. An increase in the morbidity rate from 4.0 in 2000 to 4.3 in 2019 was noted in the working age population. The gross intensive morbidity rates in males were on average 33.9 times higher than in females, and in the urban population – 1.7 times lower than those in the rural population. The maximal increase in the morbidity rate was registered in the working age population of rural areas – by 60.3% during the monitored period. A statistically significant increase in the morbidity rate was noted in the city of Minsk. The morbidity rates registered in Minsk were statistically significantly lower than those in the republic. In other regions, there was no significant difference in the morbidity rates and growth dynamics from the indices in Belarus as a whole.

Conclusion.Malignant tumors of the larynx are characterized by a slow increase of the morbidity rate for the last 20 years in Belarus. The observed epidemiological trends deter
Function of oxygen transport in the blood of patients in a state of alcohol deprivation in blood in vitro incubation with ethanol solution
Authors: Lelevich H. V.
Published: December 2021

Objective. To estimate the in vitro effect of ethanol on the function of oxygen transport in the blood of patients in a state of alcohol deprivation and in healthy donors.

Materials and methods. We analyzed blood samples from 13 male patients aged 22–56 in a state of alcohol deprivation and 11 males aged 20-45 in whom this diagnosis was excluded. The blood was incubated with ethanol solution at a final concentration of 50 μmol/L. The parameters of the function of oxygen transport (р50, рО2, рСО2, рН, АВЕ, НСО3-, ТСО2,SВЕ, SBC) of the blood taken from the cubital vein using an ABL-330 “Radiometr” microgas analyzer were determined.

Results. The patients in a state of alcohol deprivation reveal increased affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, and their acid-base status of the blood becomes alkaline. When ethanol is added in vitro to the blood of patients, the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen decreases.

Conclusion. Decreased affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen upon the in vitro addition of ethanol in the examined patients indicates compensatory and adaptive changes in the oxygen transport of the blood in response to chronic ethanol consumption.
Specificity of the work of physicians in inpatient healthcare facilities of the Gomel region in the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sharshakova T. M. , Volchek V. S.
Published: December 2021

Objective. To study the specificity of the functioning of inpatient healthcare facilities in the Gomel region in the spread of the coronavirus disease COVID-19.

Materials and methods. A survey among 78 physicians of the inpatient healthcare facilities was conducted, which provided an opportunity to analyze the specificity of the work in the spread of the coronavirus disease COVID-19 and related difficulties.

Results. According to the respondents, in the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a considerable growth in working hours and intensity of the work of the physicians in the inpatient healthcare facilities. In the vast majority of the cases (74.7 %), the physicians in the inpatient healthcare facilities underwent training on prevention, diagnostics, adoption of anti-epidemic measures in the detection and treatment of COVID-19 patients. Nevertheless, only 25.6 % of the respondents considered their professional competence level with regard to their work with COVID-19 patients to be high. Moreover, the physicians` satisfaction rate for the existing strategies for rendering medical care to COVID-19 patientswas 6.87 ± 2.06 outof 10.

Conclusion. To a large extent, the physicians of inpatient healthcare facilities of the Gomel region during their work with patients are concerned about such circumstances as longer working hours and increased working intensity, complexity of making balanced and optimal decisions regarding the organization of the work of inpatient healthcare facilities during the pandemic, as well as issues related to contact with patients (worrying about getting infected and infecting family, organization of childcare due to the closure of schools and preschool institutions during quarantine and others).
Onco-epidemiological features of head and neck tumors within the competence of the otorhinolaryngological service across the regions of the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Kaliadzich Zh. V.
Published: December 2021

Objective. To analyze the onco-epidemiological features of head and neck tumors within the competence of the otorhinolaryngological service across the regions of the Republic of Belarus.

Materials and methods. The material for the study was data on 21,533 cases of malignant neoplasms of the head and neck (including laryngeal tumors) registered in the Belarusian Cancer Registry from 2009 to 2018.

Results. Significant changes have occurred in the structure of the incidence of head and neck malignant neoplasms over the past decade. The leading positions are occupied by such tumors of visual localization as cancer of the oropharynx (14.9 %), the floor of the oral cavity (12.4 %), tonsils (11.4 %) and tongue (excluding the root of the tongue) (11.4 %), which are available for diagnosis during routine clinical examination.

Conclusion. The analysis of newly diagnosed cases of malignant neoplasms depending on the localization has showed that regardless of the availability of otorhinolaryngologists and staffing levels, patients with primary manifestations of the tumor process are not timely referred to the health experts for morphological verification, which requires further organizational decisions on patient referral at different levels of health care and defining the role and scope of responsibility of subject-matter primary care specialists.
Autoimmune thyroiditis: organizational and medical measures for early detection in the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Rozhko V. A. , Veyalkin I. V. , Nikanovich S. N. , Sharshakova T. M.
Published: December 2021

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of conducted organizational and medical measures for early detection and medical examination of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) in the regions of the Republic of Belarus and to develop measures to enhance them.

Materials and methods. Data on the incidence rates of AIT and primary hypothyroidism (PGT) in the Republic of Belarus from 1997 to 2017 were analyzed, data of a sociological study were presented and patients` records were analyzed. Epidemiological and sociological methods were used.

Results. In the Republic of Belarus, two organizational and medical approaches to early diagnosis of AIT have been developed. The study has found a low competence level among therapists (general practitioners) of the Brest and Gomel regions and showed the absence of patients with AIT at Gomel Regional Endocrinological Dispensary even if there is a pathognomonic ultrasound picture and a high level of AT-TPO titer, which indicates that the incidence is undercounted.

Conclusion. As a result of the performed study, the algorithm for organizational and medical measures has been developed and implemented for early detection and clinical examination of AIT patients aimed at PGT prevention.
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: risk factors
Authors: Yudenko M. A. , Buinevich I. V. , Rusanau D. Y. , Goponiako S. V.
Published: December 2021

Objective. To identify the main demographic and clinical risk factors for the development of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB).

Materials and methods. A retrospective study of tuberculosis cases registered from 2016 to 2020 in the Gomel region was conducted (330 patients with EPTB and 2,505 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis). The odds ratios were calculated to assess the risk factors for the development of EPTB.

Results. The prevalence of EPTB was studied over the course of five years. The most significant risk factors for the development of tuberculosis in extrapulmonary localizations have been identified.

Conclusion. The risk factors for the development of EPTB are age (EPTB often develops in children and older persons), females, and in those who have had an episode of tuberculosis previously. Awareness of the predisposing factors may help physicians maintain a high index of suspicion regarding the development of EPTB.
Psychosomatic symptoms in patients suffering from morphea
Authors: Pаroshуna L. А.
Published: December 2021

Objective. To study the features of psychosomatic pathology in patients with morphea.

Materials and methods. We used the Symptom Check List-90 Revised (SCL-90-R) to assess patterns of phychological signs in 95 patients suffering from morphea. The control group included 30 respondents without the skin pathology.

Results. The patients with morphea revealed higher values in the Global Severity Index (GSI), Positive Symptom Distress Index (PSDI), Positive Symptoms Total (PST). The group of the patients with morphea showed higher distress levels according to the somatization, obsessive and compulsive disorders, depression, anxiety scales.

Conclusion. Patients with morphea have a wider range of psychosomatic symptoms. The prevalent characteristics of psychosomatic changes are somatization, obsessive and compulsive disorders, depression, anxiety.
What the Hegemonic Stability Theory Tell us About; the Test of Covid 19
Authors: BAYKAL Elif
Published: December 2021

Covid-19 pandemisi, küresel bir sağlık krizi ile bir sosyoekonomik krizin birleşimini içerdiği ve birçok kişiyi etkilediği için diğer krizlerden birçok yönden ayrılan bir krizdir. Covid-19 pandemisi, dünyanın hegemonik düzenini bile değiştirerek hem ekonomik hem de siyasi açıdan zararlı olmuştur. Covid-19 krizlerinden önce dünya düzeni değişmeye başlamış ama pandemi bu geçiş sürecini hızlandırmıştır. Salgınla mücadele, güç maksimizasyonu için bir araç haline gelmiştir. Dolayısıyla Dünya, salgın sırasında önceki hegemonya ile yükselen güçler arasında bir güç mücadelesine tanık olmuştur. Bu bildiride öncelikle hegemonik istikrar teorisi ayrıntılarıyla ele alınmış ve ardından pandemi sonrası beklenen hegemonik yapı tartışılmıştır.
Universal procedures for spectrophotometric determination of anticoccidial drugs; application to multi-ingredient veterinary formulation and computational investigations for multivariate analysis
Authors: Abbas Mahmoud Mohamed , El-Kosasy Amira Mabrouk , Hussein Lobna Abd El-Aziz , Hanna Nancy Magdy
Published: December 2021

Simple, accurate, and eco-friendly spectrophotometric procedures were proposed and implemented for simultaneous determination of anticoccidial drugs from three different classes namely, amprolium hydrochloride (AMP), sulfaquinoxaline sodium (SQX) and diaveridine hydrochloride (DVD). Dual wavelength in ratio spectra procedure was proposed where the difference in amplitudes (ΔP) in the ratio spectra at 264 nm and 301.9 nm (ΔP264&301.9 nm) corresponded to AMP with mean percentage recovery 100.00±0.923%, while (ΔP250.9&279 nm) and (ΔP218&243.5 nm) corresponded to SQX and DVD with mean percentage recoveries 99.31±1.083 and 100.64±1.219%, respectively. The dual wavelength in ratio spectra procedure was validated according to the ICH guidelines and accuracy, precision and repeatability were found to be within the acceptable limit. Multivariate chemometric approaches, namely, partial least-squares (PLS-2) and principal component regression (PCR) were also proposed with mean percentage recoveries 99.31±0.769, 98.91±1.192 and 99.04±1.245% for AMP, SQX and DVD, respectively, in PLS-2 and 99.63±1.005, 99.11±1.272 and 98.93±1.338% for AMP, SQX and DVD, respectively, in PCR. These procedures were successfully applied to the multi-ingredient veterinary formulation with mean percentage recoveries 100.75±1.238, 99.29±0.875 and 99.34±0.745% for AMP, SQX and DVD, respectively, in dual wavelength in ratio spectra procedure and 101.03±1.261, 101.48±0.984 and 101.10±1.339% for AMP, SQX and DVD, respectively, in PLS-2 and 100.22±1.204, 101.10±0.546 and 100.91±0.677% for AMP, SQX and DVD, respectively, in PCR.
Synthesis, X-ray crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, and molecular docking studies of DMSO/H2O solvate of 5-chlorospiro[indoline-3,7'-pyrano[3,2-c:5,6-c']dichromene]-2,6',8'-trione
Authors: Sharma Varun , Banerjee Bubun , Sharma Aditi , Gupta Vivek Kumar
Published: December 2021

The title compound, 5-chlorospiro[indoline-3,7'-pyrano[3,2-c:5,6-c']dichromene]-2,6',8'-trione was synthesized via one-pot pseudo three-component reaction between one equivalent of 5-chloroisatin and two equivalents of 4-hydroxycoumarin using mandelic acid as catalyst in aqueous ethanol at 110 °C. The synthesized compound was characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, and HRMS techniques. Single crystals were grown for crystal structure determination by using single X-ray crystallography technique. It was found that the crystals are triclinic with space group P-1 and Z = 1. The crystal structure was solved by direct method and refined by full-matrix least-squares procedures to a final R-value of 0.0688 for 6738 observed reflections. The crystal structure was stabilized by elaborate system of O-H···O, N-H···O, and C-H···O interactions with the formation of supramolecular structures. 3D Hirshfeld surfaces and allied 2D fingerprint plots were analyzed for molecular interactions. Molecular docking studies have been performed to get insights into the inhibition property of this molecule for Human topoisomerase IIα.
Synthesis and structural analysis of cis-bis(1,10-phenanthroline)dicarbonyl ruthenium(II) 1.72-trifluoromethanesulfonate 0.28-hexafluoridophosphate
Authors: Takase Tsugiko , Oyama Dai
Published: December 2021

Ruthenium(II) complexes containing both 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen) and carbonyl (CO) ligands are important molecules for various applications including catalysis. In this work, the molecular structure of [Ru(Phen)2(CO)2]2+ was determined via X-ray diffraction analysis for the first time. The complex exhibits substitutional disorder of one of counter-anions in the asymmetric unit, with different occupancies for CF3SO3- (0.72) and PF6- (0.28). The ruthenium atom is coordinated in a distorted octahedral environment by two carbonyl carbon atoms and four nitrogen atoms from bis-Phen ligands. The cation displays a cis configuration of the carbonyl ligands. Several hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions are present in the crystal. In addition to structural characterization, IR spectral data for the complex is compared with calculated values. These results provide fundamental data for understanding various properties of related ruthenium complexes.
Investigations on spectroscopic characterizations, molecular docking, NBO, drug-Likeness, and ADME properties of 4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine by combined computational approach
Authors: Celik Sibel , Yurdakul Senay
Published: December 2021

In this study, the spectroscopic characterization, frontier molecular orbital analysis, and natural bond orbital analysis (NBO) analysis were executed to determine the movement of electrons within the molecule and the stability, and charge delocalization of the 4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine (4-AHT) through density functional theory (DFT) approach and B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. Surface plots of the hybrids’ Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) revealed probable electrophilic and nucleophilic attacking sites. The discussed ligand were observed to be characterized by various spectral studies (FT-IR, UV-Vis). The calculated IR was found to be correlated with experimental values. The UV-Vis data of the molecule was used to analyze the visible absorption maximum (λmax) using the time-dependent DFT method. Since the principle of drug-likeness is usually used in combinatorial chemistry to minimize depletion in pharmacological investigations and growth, drug-likeness and ADME properties were calculated in this research to establish 4-AHT molecule bioavailability. Furthermore, molecular docking studies were carried out. Molecular docking analysis was performed for the title ligand inside the active site of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). The title compound’s anti-tumor activity against the cancer cell, in which EGFR is strongly expressed, prompted us to conduct molecular docking into the ATP binding site of EGFR to predict whether this molecule has an analogous binding mode to the EGFR inhibitors (PDB: ID: 1M17).
Comparative assessment of some benzodiazepine drugs based on Density Functional Theory, molecular docking, and ADMET studies
Authors: Uzzaman Monir , Ahsan Amrin , Uddin Mohammad Nasir
Published: December 2021

Benzodiazepines are widely used to treat anxiety, insomnia, agitation, seizures, and muscle spasms. It works through the GABAA receptors to promote sleep by inhibiting brainstem monoaminergic arousal pathways. It is safe and effective for short-term use, and arises some crucial side effects based on dose and physical condition. In this investigation, physicochemical properties, molecular docking, and ADMET properties have been studied. Density functional theory with B3LYP/6-311G+(d,p) level of theory was set for geometry optimization and elucidate their thermodynamic, orbital, dipole moment, and electrostatic potential properties. Molecular docking and interaction calculations have performed against human GABAA receptor protein (PDB ID: 4COF) to search the binding affinity and effective interactions of drugs with the receptor protein. ADMET prediction has performed to investigate their absorption, metabolism, and toxic properties. Thermochemical data suggest the thermal stability; the docking result predicts effecting bindings and ADMET calculation disclose non-carcinogenic and relatively harmless phenomena for oral administration of all drugs.
Graphical Contents
Authors: Arslan Hakan
Published: December 2021

Graphical Contents
ŞEYH GALİB’İN HÜSN Ü AŞK’INDA BAHAR MEVSİMİNİN OLUMSUZ YANSIMALARI
Authors: KALYON Abuzer
Published: December 2021

Bahar mevsimi klasik edebiyatın pek çok şairi tarafından değişik manzumelerde işlenmiştir. Baharın işlenişi genellikle olumlu bir şekilde ele alınmıştır. Oysa Şeyh Galib’in Hüsn ü Aşk mesnevisinde yer alan tasvirde bahar olumsuz açıdan de-ğerlendirilmiş, böylece mekân ve zamanın divan şiirindeki klasik anlayışına farklı bir değerlendirme getirilmiştir. Şeyh Ga-lib’in Hüsn ü Aşk adlı mesnevisinde yer alan bahar tasviri daha çok bilinen mazmunların olumsuz açıdan yer alması şeklin-dedir. Hem tasavvuf ehli bir Mevlevi şeyhi olan hem de Sebk-i Hindî akımının temsilcisi olarak bilinen Şeyh Galib’in bu farklı bakış açısı diğer anlatımlara göre divan şiirinde pek rastlanmamış bir durumdur. Mesnevide yer alan bahar tasvirleri hayatı hüzünlü bir çerçevede seyreden bir kabilenin gözüyle anlatılmıştır. Bu bakış açısında, klasik edebiyatta görülen baharın huzur verici özellikleri yerine acı verici, hüzünlendirici tarafları ele alınmıştır. Şeyh Galib’in Hüsn ü Aşk adlı mesnevisinde yer alan bu bölüm, şairin Sebk-i Hindî akımının birçok özelliğini göstermesi açısından da önemli bir şiirdir. Bu şiirde şeyh Galib’in bahar tasvirini farklı bir bakış açısıyla ele alışı ve bu bakış açısı içerisinde yer alan benzetmeler, tezatlar gibi farklı değerlendirmeler konu edinilmiştir. Şeyh Galib hem tasavvufi şiirin hem de divan şiirinin son döneminin büyük bir şairi olarak tanınmaktadır. Bu özelliğini birçok eserinde kanıtlayan şair bahar mevsimin ele aldığı şiirinde oluşturduğu farklı manzarayla da şair duruşunun ayırt edici özelliğini ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Divan şiirinde bahar tasvirlerinin alışılagelmiş anlatımlarına tezat oluşturan bu şiir benzetmelerdeki yeni unsurlar açısından Sebk-i Hindî’nin bikr-i manadaki ısrarcılığını gözler önüne sermektedir. Şiirlerin farklı bir değerlendirmeye tabi tutulması esasına dayanan bu çalışma divan şiiri araş-tırmacılarına çok yönlü bakış açıları kazandırma düşüncesi ön planda tutularak hazırlanmıştır.
Maaseutu isossa kuvassa
Authors: Hyyryläinen Torsti , Schmidt-Thomé Kaisa
Published: December 2021

Hyvinvointia, taloutta ja tulevaisuutta selitetään nykyisin sujuvasti kaupunkien kautta: kaupungistuminen esitetään kaiken kattavana, kaikkialle ulottuvana ja kaikkea kuvaavana. Nähdäksemme kyse on kuitenkin harhasta - kuvasta puuttuu maaseutu. Maaseutu jää alisteiseksi, jos annamme kritiikittä vajaan kokonaisuuden esittää täydellistä. Tämän julkaisun tarkoituksena on tuoda maaseudut takaisin kuvaan ja osaksi kestävyysmuutosta koskevaa keskustelua.
Maaseutu-sanan semanttinen käänne ja merkityksen muotoutuminen
Authors: Kanner Antti , Hyyryläinen Torsti
Published: December 2021

Olemme tutkineet sanan maaseutu merkitysten muotoutumista kielen muutoksena. Analyysin aineistona olemme käyttäneet digitalisoituja suomenkielisiä sanomalehtiä 1840–1950 väliseltä ajalta. Tuloksena esitämme, että maaseutu-sanan kehityksessä tapahtui kahdessa vaiheessa 1860–1910 -luvuilla merkittävä muutos, jonka seurauksena sen yleisimmäksi merkitykseksi vakiintui kollektiivinen ja abstrakti MAASEUTU-käsite. 

Nykysuomessa maaseutu ymmärretäänkin lähinnä sanan kaupunki kollektiivisen tai geneerisen, lajiin tai entiteettityyppiin yleistävästi kohdistuvan viittauksen vastakohtana: maaseutu on jotain, jota kaupunki hyvin yleisellä tasolla ymmärrettynä ei ole. Tämä käsitteellinen jäsennys yleistyi Suomessa kuitenkin vasta 1800-luvun lopulla ja liittyi ajan yhteiskunnan jännitteiseen kehitykseen ja sitä koskeviin keskusteluihin. Uudella MAASEUTU-käsitteellä oli vuosisadan vaihteessa kysyntää ja se otettiin aktiivisesti myös poliittiseen käyttöön. 

Analyysimme osoittaa, että usein pysyviksi ja staattisiksi koetut käsitteelliset rakenteet ovat eläviä ja kulttuurisesti muotoutuvia. Esimerkiksi poliittiseen kielenkäyttöömme vakiintuneet käsitteet ovat abstraktioita, jotka muotoutuvat historiallisessa kontekstissa. Käsitteiden saatua kollektiivisesti jaetun sisällön niitä voidaan käyttää politiikassa ja julkisessa debatoinnissa – maaseutu on tästä erinomainen esimerkki.
Monipaikkaisten asukkaiden toimijuuden representaatiot yhteiskunnallisen muutoksen välineenä
Authors: Rantanen Manu
Published: December 2021

Monipaikkaiset asukkaat ovat keskeisiä maaseudun toimijoita Suomessa. Nimitystä käytetään artikkelissa yleiskäsitteenä vapaa-aikaansa maaseudulla viettävistä henkilöistä, jotka asuvat toisella paikkakunnalla. Itsenäisyyden aikana heihin on kohdistettu monia odotuksia, toiveita ja pelkoja. Monipaikkaisten asukkaiden toimijuuden representaatiot liittyvät aikansa yhteiskunnalliseen tilanteeseen ja niiden kautta on vaikutettu yhteiskunnan muutokseen tuottamalla jakolinjoja tai pyrkimällä kaventamaan niitä. Monipaikkaisista asukkaista käytetyille nimityksille annetut merkitykset sekä kontekstit, joissa niitä on käytetty, ovat tapoja, joilla julkinen sektori ja muut intressiryhmät ovat asettaneet heitä haluttuihin toimija-asemiin. Maaseudun Tulevaisuus ja Länsi Savo -lehtien kirjoituksien perusteella tarkasteltu aika jakautuu kolmeen periodiin: Kaupungin ja maaseudun jännitteisyyden jakso (1917–1957), Eheytyvän naapuruuden jakso (1958–1987) ja Maaseudun kehittämisen jakso (1988–2018). Representaatioiden keskeisiä yhteiskuntapoliittisia suhteita ovat maaseutu-kaupunki, eliitti-rahvas sekä paikallinen-valtakunnallinen -suhteet.
Provenance of Pleistocene Sediments in West Sarawak and Evidence for Pliocene Acid Magmatism in Central Borneo
Authors: Breitfeld H. Tim
Published: December 2021

Quaternary deposits in Borneo are commonly not assigned to any formation or group and are usually not studied in great detail but are important for understanding of the Pleistocene to Holocene climate and drainage evolution. This study presents a detrital zircon provenance analysis of two possible (Plio-) Pleistocene fluvial deposits in West Sarawak, indicating two very different source areas and paleo-river drainages. Those paleo-rivers resemble the present-day drainage but show much higher energy level deposits associated with higher sedimentation rates possibly as a function of (Plio-) Pleistocene climate and hinterland exposure. The deposits at Kampung Jangkar in western West Sarawak were entirely sourced by the uplifted Pueh batholith. In contrast, sediments in Petra Jaya district (northern Kuching city) were sourced by recycling of the Kayan Sandstone near the Bungo Range in the area of the town Bau. The Petra Jaya sediments have abundant Pliocene and some Late Miocene zircons. The Niut Volcanics south of West Sarawak are of this age, but are basic and could not yield significant zircons. It is therefore concluded that zircons came from acid igneous rocks of Pliocene age, as well as the Kayan Sandstone and Middle Miocene Bau Suite igneous rocks, where they formed a highland in the Bau-Bungo Range region which has been entirely removed by erosion.
The Sedimentary Record of Paleogene Sequences in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Kessler Franz L. , Jong John , Madon Mazlan
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we compare the oldest Tertiary sedimentary sequences in the south ern margin of the South China Sea based on outcrop and well data along the Sarawak margin, northern Borneo. Paleogene rocks in Sarawak are present in three tectono stratigraphic zones and represent three depositional settings. Outcrops and deep exploration wells in the Miri Zone indicate shelfal clastics, carbonates, and clay dominated neritic sediments. In the Sibu Zone (Rajang Fold Thrust Belt), Late Cretaceous to Late Eocene deep marine clastic sediments indicate a shallowing upward of the depositional basin, which was later buried to great depths (?) and metamorphosed. In the Kuching Zone, the Kayan and Plat eau sandstones represent a fluvial dominated non marine depositional setting. There are two major unconformities within the Paleogene of Sarawak: the Rajang Unconformity, dated as approximatively 37 Ma, and the younger near Top Eocene (a.k.a. Base Oligocen e) unconformity of 33.7 Ma. The likely presence of Eocene strata in the margins of Sundaland is associated with an early phase of regional extensional tectonism, which was also observed in the Penyu and Malay basins, offshore Peninsular Malaysia, and is probably related to the onset of rifting of the South China Sea continental crust.