bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Level of History Teachers’ Use Active Learning Methods and Technics
Authors: YILDIRIM Sefa , AKMAN Ozkan , ALAGOZ Bulent
Published: November 2017

An experience theory is required if the education is to be wisely carried out (John Dewey). Education is a discipline that saves lives if it is qualified, but loss of which could not be made up throughout generations if it is not qualified. The roots of society are based on the education, and educated masses and civilizations could either move into the future or could fall behind in the race of becoming civilized. The classical education notion which stays on the level of theory and is carried out, centering the teacher is being left by the developed countries and replaced with the education notion which centers the student and structures information by benefiting from experiences, thus aims to lead civilization race with citizens knowing the ways to reach the information and aware of their duties and responsibilities. While Kurt Lewin says nothing is as practical as a good theory, he also catches attention to the new education notion centering student that has changed and is changing. In this scope, the aim of this study is analyze how often active learning methods are used by history teachers through several variables. In the light of the data, after analysis results and explanations made in accordance with these results are written, the study is concluded with suggestions
Promoting Respect as a Human Value in a Public School
Authors: Quintero Corzo Josefina , Soto Castaneda Yeisson
Published: November 2017

This is a case study report arising from a series of daily observations of the students’ behavior made in a primary public school located near to the capital city, Manizales -Colombia, where it was possible to notice the difficulties students had in order to coexist due to the lack of respect with their classmates, in group activities or actually working in pairs throughout the foreign language class. The aim of this investigative project was to counteract the daily levels of aggressiveness presented by the students among themselves, to promote good teamwork and respect as an important issue in a good coexistence. Based on the observed settings, the results revealed that it was possible to highlight the necessity of learning to live together and to enhance the value of respect for others creating new ways of working in terms of coexistence. Promoting human values in the classroom brought profit for children and was fundamental in primary school from their earliest ages, due to the school must play a leading role in the construction of integral citizens, for a better society. Some of the activities, contents and games after being applied such as bingo, lotteries, word searches, puzzles, animal behavior and others, generated a connection between meaningful language learning, good teamwork and human relations. These classroom strategies became new alternatives for a teacher training program that claimed for immediate and demanding solutions to improve children’s character development inside public schools.
The Need for Specific Modelling of Small Enterprise Default Prediction: Empirical Evidence from Italian Small Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Ciampi Francesco
Published: November 2017

The existing literature has proved the effectiveness of financial ratios for company default prediction modelling. However, such researches rarely focus on small enterprises (SEs) as specific units of analysis. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that SE default prediction should be modelled separately from that of large and medium-sized firms. In fact, a multivariate discriminant analysis was applied to a sample of 2,200 small manufacturing firms located in Central Italy and a SE default prediction model was developed based on a selected group of financial ratios and specifically constructed to capture the specificities of SEs’ risk profiles. Subsequently, the prediction accuracy rates obtained by this model were compared with those obtained from a second model based on a sample of 3,200 manufacturing firms situated in Central Italy which belong to all dimensional classes. The findings are the following: 1) evaluating the probability of default of SEs separately from that of larger firms improves prediction performance; 2) the predictive power of the discriminant function improves if it takes into account the different profiles of firms operating in different industry sectors; 3) this improvement is much greater for SEs compared to larger firms.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 12 No. 12
Authors: Lee Stpehen
Published: November 2017

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 12 No. 12, 2017
Effect of Packaging Material, Storage Temperature and Duration on the Quality of Semi-Processed Adult House Cricket Meal
Authors: Kamau Edwin , Mutungi Christopher , Kinyuru John , Imathiu Samuel , Tanga C. , Affognon H. , Ekesi S. , Nakimbugwe D. , Fiaboe K. K. M.
Published: November 2017

Edible insects are widely consumed in different parts of the world and can serve as an alternative nutritional source to conventional foods. Nonetheless, little attention has been given to their quality and shelf life in different packages when exposed to different storage environments. In this study, the effect of storage temperature, duration and type of packaging on the storage stability of the adult house cricket meal was examined. The samples were boiled, solar dried, milled and packaged into polypropylene (PP), plastic (PL) and polyethylene (PL) packages. The samples were then stored for six months in refrigerated and ambient conditions where by changes in physical and biochemical attributes were monitored. Iodine values significantly decreased in all the packages while peroxide, p-anisidine and saponification values significantly increased. SFA, MUFA and PUFA contents reduced during storage although a higher tendency for MUFA and PUFA values was observed in the refrigerated samples. Total viable count (TVC) and yeast and molds counts significantly increased in storage. Three types of fungi; Aspergillus spp., Alternaria spp. and Penicillium spp. were isolated in all the packages. Overall color change steadily decreased with increase in storage time. Deterioration was higher in samples stored in ambient conditions than in refrigeration. The degree of deterioration in the two storage environments among the different packages was in the order; PP>PE>PL. Although the PL package outperformed the other packages it is recommended to carry out sensory analysis and avoid post-processing contamination that can adversely affect the product quality and safety during storage.
Protecting the Environment and People from Climate Change through Climate Change Litigation
Authors: Okonkwo Theodore
Published: November 2017

Climate change litigation seeks to apply legal rights in order to affect the outcomes that would either mitigate, reduce or can even result in improved alternation to climate change. This article intends to identify and analyse the ways through which the environment and the people are protected from rapid changes in climate through the means of climate change litigation. Protection of the environment as well as people by climate change litigation can be witnessed in various nations throughout the globe particularly Australia, the US, Canada and the UK. The research problem examined in this article shows that the courts are becoming a critical climate change front where climate change conflicts are resolved. The research objectives are to help understand how climate change has impacted human health and the environment and how the courts have stepped into the arena to restrain activities that cause climate change impact. The methodology adopted in this article is both doctrinal and theoretical drawing upon primary and secondary sources of information. The key findings and implications to theory and practice of this article is that it is a medium to foster the jurisprudence of the role of climate change regime through judicial intervention in protecting the environment and people from climate change through climate change litigation.
Estudi de la fiabilitat de la Viquipèdia com a recurs terminològic
Authors: Oliver Antoni , Vàzquez Mercè , Ubide Georgina
Published: November 2017

En l’àmbit de la traducció especialitzada es considera que la Viquipèdia no és un recurs d’informació especialitzat fiable degut al fet que qualsevol usuari, sigui especialista o no de la matèria, pot redactar un article. En aquest article es vol determinar el grau de fiabilitat de la Viquipèdia com a recurs terminològic especialitzat per als traductors, a partir d’unes tasques que hem definit per tal d'avaluar i valorar el contingut especialitzat.
Tratamento de Molusco Contagioso em crianças: uma revisão sistemática de literatura
Authors: Frauches Diana de Oliveira , Siqueira Carla Coradini de Mattos , Mata Thays Furtado Dias da
Published: November 2017

Objetivo: Molusco contagioso é uma infecção cutânea, causada pelo Molluscipox vírus. Diante da inexistência de um tratamento específico, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar, segundo a literatura recente, os melhores métodos de tratamento em crianças imunocompetentes. Métodos: Revisão sistemática de literatura realizada no PubMed, bem como no Lilacs, Scielo, Medline e demais bases de dados abrangidas na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), com publicações de 2010 a 2016. Para evitar viés, foram utilizadas recomendações do PRISMA. Critérios do Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine e do sistema GRADE foram usados para classificação do nível de evidência dos estudos. Resultados: Curetagem, laser pulsado de contraste, crioterapia, exérese cirúrgica, KOH 2,5%, 5% e 10%, ácido tricloroacétrico, combinação de ácido lático e ácido salicílico, tretinoína 0,05% apresentaram boa proporção de cura, facilidade de realização e tempo de resolução. Os métodos de injeção intralesional do antígeno da Cândida e da vacina MMR, dieta balanceada, óleo de Malaleuca alternifólia e Ingenol Mebutate 0,05% mostraram-se promissores. Entretanto, cantaridina e imiquimod 5% creme não foram recomendados. Conclusão: As evidências obtidas não permitem indicar um método preferencial. A escolha do método de tratamento deve ser individualizada. Recomenda-se realizar mais pesquisas voltadas para cultura do vírus.
Yeast eIF4A enhances recruitment of mRNAs regardless of their structural complexity
Authors: Yourik Paul , Aitken Colin Echeverría , Zhou Fujun , Gupta Neha , Hinnebusch Alan G , Lorsch Jon R
Published: November 2017

eIF4A is a DEAD-box RNA-dependent ATPase thought to unwind RNA secondary structure in the 5'-untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs to promote their recruitment to the eukaryotic translation pre-initiation complex (PIC). We show that eIF4A's ATPase activity is markedly stimulated in the presence of the PIC, independently of eIF4E•eIF4G, but dependent on subunits i and g of the heteromeric eIF3 complex. Surprisingly, eIF4A accelerated the rate of recruitment of all mRNAs tested, regardless of their degree of structural complexity. Structures in the 5'-UTR and 3' of the start codon synergistically inhibit mRNA recruitment in a manner relieved by eIF4A, indicating that the factor does not act solely to melt hairpins in 5'-UTRs. Our findings that eIF4A functionally interacts with the PIC and plays important roles beyond unwinding 5'-UTR structure is consistent with a recent proposal that eIF4A modulates the conformation of the 40S ribosomal subunit to promote mRNA recruitment.
Conserved RNA-binding specificity of polycomb repressive complex 2 is achieved by dispersed amino acid patches in EZH2
Authors: Long Yicheng , Bolanos Ben , Gong Lihu , Liu Wei , Goodrich Karen J , Yang Xin , Chen Siming , Gooding Anne R , Maegley Karen A , Gajiwala Ketan S , Brooun Alexei , Cech Thomas R , Liu Xin
Published: November 2017

Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is a key chromatin modifier responsible for methylation of lysine 27 in histone H3. PRC2 has been shown to interact with thousands of RNA species in vivo, but understanding the physiological function of RNA binding has been hampered by the lack of separation-of-function mutants. Here, we use comprehensive mutagenesis and hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to identify critical residues for RNA interaction in PRC2 core complexes from Homo sapiens and Chaetomium thermophilum, for which crystal structures are known. Preferential binding of G-quadruplex RNA is conserved, surprisingly using different protein elements. Key RNA-binding residues are spread out along the surface of EZH2, with other subunits including EED also contributing, and missense mutations of some of these residues have been found in cancer patients. The unusual nature of this protein-RNA interaction provides a paradigm for other epigenetic modifiers that bind RNA without canonical RNA-binding motifs.
Activation of Discs large by aPKC aligns the mitotic spindle to the polarity axis during asymmetric cell division
Authors: Golub Ognjen , Wee Brett , Newman Rhonda A , Paterson Nicole M , Prehoda Kenneth E
Published: November 2017

Asymmetric division generates cellular diversity by producing daughter cells with different fates. In animals, the mitotic spindle aligns with Par complex polarized fate determinants, ensuring that fate determinant cortical domains are bisected by the cleavage furrow. Here, we investigate the mechanisms that couple spindle orientation to polarity during asymmetric cell division of Drosophila neuroblasts. We find that the tumor suppressor Discs large (Dlg) links the Par complex component atypical Protein Kinase C (aPKC) to the essential spindle orientation factor GukHolder (GukH). Dlg is autoinhibited by an intramolecular interaction between its SH3 and GK domains, preventing Dlg interaction with GukH at cortical sites lacking aPKC. When co-localized with aPKC, Dlg is phosphorylated in its SH3 domain which disrupts autoinhibition and allows GukH recruitment by the GK domain. Our work establishes a molecular connection between the polarity and spindle orientation machineries during asymmetric cell division.
DNA barcoding reveals the mislabeling of fish in a popular tourist destination in Brazil
Authors: Staffen Clisten Fátima , Staffen Mari Dalva , Becker Mariana Londero , Löfgren Sara Emelie , Muniz Yara Costa Netto , de Freitas Renato Hajenius Aché , Marrero Andrea Rita
Published: November 2017

The consumption of raw fish has increased considerably in the West, since it is said to be potentially healthier than processed fish (for containing omega 3 and 6, essential amino acids and vitamins). However this potential benefit, as well as the taste, value and even the risk of extinction are not the same for all species of fish, constituting grounds for fraud. Using the principles of the DNA barcode we revealed mislabelling of fish in Japanese restaurants and fishmarkets in Florianópolis, a popular tourist capital in Brazil. We sequenced the COI gene of 65 samples from fisheries and 80 from restaurants and diagnosed 30% of mislabeled samples in fisheries and 26% in restaurants. We discussed that frauds may have occurred for different reasons: to circumvent surveillance on threatened species; to sell fish with sizes smaller than allowed or abundant species as being a much rarer species (law of supply); to induce product consumption using species with better taste. It should be noted that some substitutions are derived from incorrect identification and are not a fraudper se; they are due to confusion of popular names or misunderstanding by the sellers. Therefore, we suggest the implementation of a systematic regulatory program conducted by governmental agencies to reduce mislabelling in order to avoid further damage to the community (in health and financial issues) and fish stocks.
On the relationship between tumour growth rate and survival in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Mistry Hitesh B.
Published: November 2017

A recurrent question within oncology drug development is predicting phase III outcome for a new treatment using early clinical data. One approach to tackle this problem has been to derive metrics from mathematical models that describe tumour size dynamics termed re-growth rate and time to tumour re-growth. They have shown to be strong predictors of overall survival in numerous studies but there is debate about how these metrics are derived and if they are more predictive than empirical end-points. This work explores the issues raised in using model-derived metric as predictors for survival analyses. Re-growth rate and time to tumour re-growth were calculated for three large clinical studies by forward and reverse alignment. The latter involves re-aligning patients to their time of progression. Hence, it accounts for the time taken to estimate re-growth rate and time to tumour re-growth but also assesses if these predictors correlate to survival from the time of progression. I found that neither re-growth rate nor time to tumour re-growth correlated to survival using reverse alignment. This suggests that the dynamics of tumours up until disease progression has no relationship to survival post progression. For prediction of a phase III trial I found the metrics performed no better than empirical end-points. These results highlight that care must be taken when relating dynamics of tumour imaging to survival and that bench-marking new approaches to existing ones is essential.
“¿Cómo le gustaría que fuese la educación en lo referente a las lenguas?” Actitudes lingüísticas del alumnado mexicano
Authors:   Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (España), Corral Pérez Isabel
Published: November 2017

Esta investigación presenta los resultados de un estudio sobre las actitudes lingüísticas del alumnado universitario en México. Dicho trabajo se llevó a cabo mediante el diseño y la implementación de un cuestionario sociolingüístico que se aplicó a una muestra de estudiantes de la Universidad Autónoma Chapingo (UACh), ubicada en la ciudad de Texcoco de Mora en el estado de México. Se trata de una institución interesante por su orientación agrícola, lo que convierte a sus alumnos en informantes pertinentes, dado que no cuentan con formación sociolingüística específica, y por la gran diversidad étnica de sus alumnos.El objetivo principal de este trabajo es conocer las actitudes lingüísticas del alumnado universitario mexicano hacia los hablantes de lenguas indígenas, incluidas las del alumnado con autoadscripción indígena hacia su endogrupo, y comprobar si existen diferencias destacables de acuerdo con la categoría étnica del informante.
Mantenimiento de una lengua minorizada: el caso del purépecha en Ichán y en Tacuro, Michoacán (México)
Authors:   Universidad de Guanajuato (Mèxico), Canuto Felipe
Published: November 2017

Históricamente, en México han confluido determinados factores que han propiciado el des-plazamiento de las lenguas indígenas por el español. Sin embargo, en algunos pueblos la vitalidad de estas es todavía muy evidente, dado que las lenguas indígenas se han mantenido en el dominio lingüístico del hogar y, por tanto, no se ha interrumpido la transmisión intergeneracional del idioma indígena.La investigación1 que se presenta a continuación indaga acerca de los factores que podrían explicar que en las comunidades purépechas de Ichán y Tacuro, en Michoacán2, la lengua indígena sea de empleo cotidiano entre la población en la mayoría de los ámbitos, sin olvidar el bilingüismo que caracteriza a la mayor parte de los hablantes y las presiones que se ejercen a favor del uso del español.
Red de escuelas Ruk’u’x Qatinamït y revitalización del idioma kaqchikel
Authors:   Garabide Kultur Elkartea (España), Igeregi Santamaría Joanes
Published: November 2017

Las cuatro escuelas que forman la red Ruk'u'x Qatinamït se crearon de forma independiente entre 1995 y 2010, por iniciativa de la sociedad civil, en el departamento de B’oko’12 (Guatemala). En 2011, viendo que coincidían en su contexto y objetivos, se realizaron varios encuentros para intercambiar experiencias en los que se decidió conformar una red para abrir vías de colaboración entre las distintas escuelas en lengua kaqchikel. Este artículo realiza un breve análisis de la situación sociolingüística del idioma kaqchikel, así como un diagnóstico de su desplazamiento y de los principales factores que lo provocan, con especial atención sobre el papel de la escuela y los programas de educación bilingüe intercultural. Seguidamente, se examina el trabajo realizado por la red a lo largo de seis años, con especial atención sobre la experiencia de una de las escuelas para implantar un programa de inmersión temprana. Por último, se reflexiona acerca de los límites de las escuelas para lograr la revitalización lingüística y la necesidad de buscar sinergias con otras iniciativas de revitalización. Se sostiene que, pese a sus limitaciones, Ruk’u’x Qatinamït cumple un papel clave en el movimiento por la revitalización del idioma kaqchikel.3
Lenguas indígenas en la legislación de los países hispanoamericanos
Authors:   Universidad Palacký de Olomouc (República Checa), Zajícová Lenka
Published: November 2017

En las últimas décadas, en la mayoría de los países hispanoamericanos se da un proceso similar: una mayor promoción de las lenguas indígenas a nivel educacional, social y legal, hasta su proclamación, en algunos casos, como lenguas cooficiales. A pesar de puntos de partida comunes, los resultados actuales son muy diferentes si comparamos el estatus constitucional de estas lenguas y las leyes lingüísticas vigentes, que van desde meras proclamaciones simbólicas hasta propuestas muy ambiciosas. El artículo presenta la evolución y la situación actual de la legislación que declara la cooficialidad de las lenguas indígenas en los países hispanoamericanos, y la compara tanto desde el punto de vista cualitativo, presentando su clasificación, como desde el cronológico.
Efficiency of Bioelectric Impedance Analysis as an Evaluation Method of Skeletal Muscle Mass After Gastrectomy
Authors: Saito Motonobu , Seshimo Akiyoshi , Miyake Kunitomo , Yamaguchi Ryusuke , Okamoto Takahiro
Published: November 2017

Objective:

This study measured skeletal muscle mass (SMM) in postoperative gastric cancer patients, to compare SMM to traditional postoperative assessment based on anthropomorphic measures and blood tests, and evaluated the methods of SMM measurement.

Summary of Background Data:

SMM, which helps to maintain general health and quality of life, is very important. Measurement of total psoas major muscle area (TPA) by computed tomography imaging has recently been reported to be a useful index of SMM.

Methods:

This retrospective study included 92 patients who underwent distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. SMM was measured by TPA index (computed tomography measurement of TPA / square of height) and bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA). Patients were divided into short-term (<3 years) and long-term (≥3 years) postoperative follow-up groups. SMM and traditional postoperative assessment, as well as body mass index, albumin, hemoglobin, and total cholesterol, were compared between the 2 groups. The correlations between the TPA index and the SMM of BIA and traditional postoperative assessment were examined by simple regression analysis.

Results:

The SMM of BIA was 24.1 ± 4.1 kg in the short-term and 22.0 ± 4.7 kg in the long-term group (P = 0.02), and TPA index was 783.4 ± 166.9 mm2/m2 in the short-term and 687.5 ± 167.2 mm2/m2 in the long-term group (P = 0.01), whereas there were no significant differences in traditional postoperative assessment. On simple regression analysis, TPA index showed the strongest correlation with SMM of BIA (R = 0.56).

Conclusions:

Measurement of SMM is essential because the traditional postoperative assessments do not reflect the change in SMM. And SMM measurement, especially by BIA, would be useful.
Engineering the Atomic Interface of Refractory‐Metal‐Reinforced Copper Matrix Using Direct Ink 3D Printing
Authors: Das Rakesh , de Oliveira Raphael Benjamim , Kumar Banty , Mishra Vidhyadhar , Sarkar Suman , Sarkar Suman , Felix Isaac de Macêdo , Machado Leonardo Dantas , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar
Published: October 2024

Herein, 3D printing involving metallic materials with substantially distinct melting temperatures and their immiscibility presents a formidable challenge. Nevertheless, it may be possible to overcome this challenge using the direct ink writing (DIW) method within such immiscible systems. In this article, a successful fabrication of Cu‐based composites utilizing the additive manufacturing process that is DIW technique, followed by a post‐sintering process, is presented. The secondary addition to the Cu–matrix includes tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), and niobium (Nb). The rheological properties of the composite inks are also analyzed for the DIW technique. The underlying reasons behind the increased mechanical, wear, and thermal properties are assessed through experimental and molecular dynamics simulations. Microstructural analysis is conducted using optical and scanning electron microscopes. Mechanical, electrical, thermal, and wear properties are evaluated at ambient temperature, and comparisons are established with DIW‐processed pure Cu. Elemental mapping through energy‐dispersive spectroscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy confirm the distribution of W, Ta, and Nb particles within the composite. The 3D printing of immiscible alloy components opens new avenues for exploring novel material properties, mixtures, and composite materials, thus fostering the development of innovative materials.
Biomimetic Mineralized Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Scaffolds From Microfluidic 3D Printing for Bone Repair
Authors: Yang Lei , Li Wenzhao , Ding Xiaoya , Zhao Yuanjin , Qian Xiaoyun , Shang Luoran
Published: October 2024

Bone defect is a common clinical orthopedic disease. The trend in this field is to develop tissue engineering scaffolds with appropriately designed components and structures for bone repair. Herein, inspired by the organic and inorganic components of bone matrix and the natural biomineralization mechanism, a MgSiO3@Fe3O4 nanoparticle composite polycaprolactone (PCL) hybrid mineralized scaffold for bone repair is developed by microfluidic 3D printing. The incorporation of MgSiO3@Fe3O4 within the PCL scaffold can effectively improve the bioactivity. In addition, a biomimetic mineralized layer is prepared on the surface of the scaffold, which endowed it with unique microstructural characteristics, enhanced cell adhesion and osteogenic activity, and thus improved the bone repair performance. Owing to these advantages, both in vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that the designed scaffold has outstanding biocompatibility and bone repair performance. These features indicate that the organic–inorganic biomineralized hybrid scaffold can be a potential bone graft substitute for clinical bone repair.
Dual Additive‐Assisted Layer‐by‐Layer Processing for 19.59% Efficiency Quasi‐Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Fenghua , Dai Tingting , Li Xiong , Li Mandi , Liu Yang , Wang Dan , Xu Denghui , Hu Rong
Published: October 2024

The ideal vertical phase separation active layer morphology is crucial for the photoelectric conversion of organic solar cells. In this work, a layer‐by‐layer sequential deposition method is used to prepare D18/L8‐BO‐based organic solar cells and a dual additives strategy is adopted to construct the ideal active layer. Additive DIM regulates the crystallization of the D18 layer, and additive DIO induces L8‐BO to diffuse into the interior of the D18 layer to form a vertical composition distribution with large donor/acceptor interpenetrated regions. The improvement of active layer induced by DIM and DIO dual additives promote exciton generation and dissociation, shorten charge transfer distance, and improve carrier dynamics. With improved charge transport performance and suppressed carrier recombination, the short‐circuit current density and fill factor of the D18/L8‐BO quasi‐bulk heterojunction organic solar cells are improved simultaneously, and the power conversion efficiency is boosted significantly from 18.21% to 19.59%. Moreover, the improved photovoltaic performance is further verified in D18/Y6 and PM6/L8‐BO‐based organic solar cells, which implies the generalizability of the dual additive‐assisted layer‐by‐layer ‐sequential deposition method.
Biological Characterization of Ti6Al4V Additively Manufactured Surfaces: Comparison Between Ultrashort Laser Texturing and Conventional Post‐Processing
Authors: Sartori Maria , Bregoli Chiara , Carniato Melania , Cavazza Luca , Maglio Melania , Giavaresi Gianluca , Biffi Carlo Alberto , Fiocchi Jacopo , Gruppioni Emanuele , Tuissi Ausonio , Fini Milena
Published: October 2024

Among Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies, Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) has made a great contribution to optimizing the production of customized implant materials. However, the design of the ideal surface topography, capable of exerting the best biological effect without drawbacks, is still a subject of study. The aim of the present study is to topographically and biologically characterize AM‐produced Ti6Al4V ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) samples by comparing different surface finishing. Vertically and horizontally samples are realized by LPBF with four surface finishing conditions (as‐built, corundum‐sandblasted, zirconia‐sandblasted, femtosecond laser textured). Bioactivity in vitro tests are performed with human osteoblasts evaluating morphology, metabolic activity, and differentiation capabilities in direct contact with surfaces. Scanning electron microscope and profilometry analysis are used to evaluate surface morphology and samples’ roughness with and without cells. All tested surfaces show good biocompatibility. The influence of material surface features is evident in the early evaluation, with the most promising results of morphological study for laser texturing. Deposition orientations seem to influence metabolic activities, with XZ orientation more effective than XY. Current data provide the first positive feedback on the biocompatibility of laser texturing finishing, still poorly described in the literature, and support the future clinical development of devices produced with a combination of LPBF and different finishing treatments.
A Single‐Cell RNA Sequencing Guided Multienzymatic Hydrogel Design for Self‐Regenerative Repair in Diabetic Mandibular Defects
Authors: Lin Peihua , Qian Zhouyang , Liu Shanbiao , Ye Xin , Xue Pengpeng , Shao Yangjie , Zhao Jing , Guan Yunan , Liu Zhichao , Chen Yuhua , Wang Qiyue , Yi Zhigao , Zhu Mingjian , Yu Mengfei , Ling Daishun , Li Fangyuan
Published: October 2024

Conventional bone tissue engineering materials struggle to reinstate physiological bone remodeling in a diabetic context, primarily due to the compromised repolarization of proinflammatory macrophages to anti‐inflammatory macrophages. Here, leveraging single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) technology, the pivotal role of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) is unveiled in impeding macrophage repolarization during physiological bone remodeling amidst diabetes. Guided by scRNA‐seq analysis, we engineer a multienzymatic bone tissue engineering hydrogel scaffold (MEBTHS) composed is engineered of methylpropenylated gelatin hydrogel integrated with ruthenium nanozymes, possessing both Ru0 and Ru4+ components. This design facilitates efficient NO elimination via Ru0 while simultaneously exhibiting ROS scavenging properties through Ru4+. Consequently, MEBTHS orchestrates macrophage reprogramming by neutralizing ROS and reversing NO‐mediated mitochondrial metabolism, thereby rejuvenating bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial cells within diabetic mandibular defects, producing newly formed bone with quality comparable to that of normal bone. The scRNA‐seq guided multienzymatic hydrogel design fosters the restoration of self‐regenerative repair, marking a significant advancement in bone tissue engineering.
Force‐Induced Ultraviolet C Luminescence of Pr3+‐Doped Sr2P2O7 for X‐Ray Dosimetry
Authors: Li Huimin , Yang Yanmin , Li Pei , Peng Dengfeng , Li Leipeng
Published: October 2024

Mechanoluminescent materials have broad application prospects in advanced displays, stress imaging, and anti‐counterfeiting owing to their ability to convert mechanical stimuli into light. However, most previous studies have focused on the visible and near‐infrared regions. Although natural ultraviolet C (UVC) light is nearly absent on the Earth's surface, it plays an important role in many fields. Therefore, the development of smart materials capable of emitting UVC mechanoluminescence (ML) and expanding the application scenarios of UVC ML are significant but challenging. Here the ML property of Sr2P2O7:Pr3+ is examined, which stems from the 5d→4f transition of Pr3+ and is located over the UVC region. The peak wavelength of the UVC ML of Sr2P2O7:Pr3+ is ≈230 nm, which is, to the best of this knowledge, the shortest ML wavelength reported to date. It is further demonstrated that the UVC ML of Sr2P2O7:Pr3+ is associated with trapped charge carriers and can be conveniently regulated by adjusting the X‐ray excitation time. Relying on this unique characteristic, the potential of the UVC ML of Sr2P2O7:Pr3+ as an indicator of the X‐ray radiation dose is demonstrated. This study enriches the family of mechanoluminescent materials and expands the available wavelength of ML to the UVC region.
Single‐Nanometer Spinel with Precise Cation Distribution for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Shang Long , Ni Youxuan , Wang Yuankun , Yang Wenxuan , Wang Linyue , Li Haixia , Zhang Kai , Yan Zhenhua , Chen Jun
Published: October 2024

Designing spinel nanocrystals (NCs) with tailored structural composition and cation distribution is crucial for superior catalytic performance but remarkably challenging due to their intricate nature. Here, an aggregation growth restricted hot‐injection method is presented by meticulously investigating the fundamental nucleation and aggregation‐driven growth kinetics governing spinel NC formation to address this challenge. Through controlled collision probability of nuclei during growth, this approach enables the synthesis of spinel NCs with unprecedented, single nanometer (1.2 nm). Single‐nanometer CoMn2O4 spinel via this method exhibits a highly tailored structure with a maximized population of highly active octahedral Mn atoms, thereby optimizing oxygen intermediate adsorption during oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Consequently, it exhibits a remarkable half‐wave potential of 0.88 V in ORR and leads to a superior power density (170.9 mW cm−2) in zinc–air battery, outperforming commercial Pt/C and most reported spinel oxides, revealing a clear structure–property relationship. This structure design strategy is readily adaptable for the precise synthesis and engineering of various spinel structures, opening new avenues for developing advanced electrocatalysts and energy storage materials.
3D Cell Culture on Hierarchical Porous Soft Aerogel Structures Printed by DIW Process from Dual Network Gel Ink
Authors: Lopez Navas Javier , Suen Chin Yan , Liu Zhang , Mostrales Deo Charis , Yeung King Lun
Published: October 2024

Advances in additive manufacturing technologies have enabled the fabrication of intricate bioscaffolds with tailored geometry, porosity, and material composition, offering new possibilities in biomedical engineering, drug screening, and cell scaffold applications. This study introduces a novel printable flexible soft ceramic material prepared by a combination of silica sol–gel processing and crosslinking of a dissolvable polyvinyl‐trimesic acid polymeric network. The material's printability is showcased by creating 3D 90° grid scaffolds using an in‐house extrusion‐based printer, demonstrating a flexible response to compressive stress with minimal deformation over multiple cycles. Supercritical extraction and drying transform the printed structure into a highly porous, ultralow‐density scaffold for cell culture. The MDCK cells cultured within the 3D biocompatible ceramic scaffold exhibit uniform growth and proliferation, maintaining viability for up to 35 days. When exposed to the environmental toxin, mercury, MDCK cells in a 2D culture show susceptibility at a low lethal concentration (0.075 mg·L−1), while the 3D cell culture displays enhanced tolerance (4.0 mg·L−1). It emphasizes the significance of the 3D microenvironment in mimicking physiological conditions more accurately, enabling a more precise assessment of environmental toxicants.
Tunable Ambipolar Transport in a 2D Kagome Semiconductor
Authors: Zhu Shuangxing , Liu Hao , Wu Jiaxin , Mei Junning , Zhang Ruan , Liu Ying , Chen Yu , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Meng Jianqiao , Cai Xinghan
Published: October 2024

The interference of electronic wavefunctions within a Kagome lattice can result in a flat band structure, where low‐energy electrons exhibit highly correlated behavior, facilitating exploration of interactions among intriguing electronic states. However, the inherent high carrier density in most known Kagome materials often hampers the manipulation of these quantum phenomena through conventional means, such as gate voltage. In this work, a unique tunability in the electrical and optoelectronic properties of exfoliated Nb3I8, a 2D semiconductor featuring a “breathing” Kagome lattice is uncovered. Characterization via temperature‐dependent ARPES confirms its semiconducting nature with a flat band structure. Experimental results from bias and gate voltage dependent transport measurements on thin film Nb3I8 transistor devices demonstrate ambipolar conductance. Notably, these findings reveal a broadband photoresponse in the device, spanning from visible to near infrared wavelengths (532 −1100 nm), with the photocurrent showing gate‐dependent characteristics that mirror the dark current's ambipolar nature. This observation marks the first instance of ambipolar transport in a Kagome semiconductor, opening up exciting new avenues for electronic and optoelectronic device development.
Modular Plasmonic Nanopore for Opto‐Thermal Gating
Authors: Douaki Ali , Weng Shukun , Lanzavecchia German , Sapunova Anastasiia , Stuber Annina , Nanni Gabriele , Nakatsuka Nako , Tsutsui Makusu , Yokota Kazumichi , Krahne Roman , Garoli Denis
Published: October 2024

Solid‐state nanopore gating inspired by biological ion channels is gaining increasing traction due to a large range of applications in biosensing and drug delivery. Integration of stimuli‐responsive molecules such as poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) inside nanopores can enable temperature‐dependent gating, which so far has only been demonstrated using external heaters. In this work, plasmonic resonators are combined inside the nanopore architecture with PNIPAM to enable optical gating of individual or multiple nanopores with micrometer resolution and a switching speed of a few milliseconds by thermo‐plasmonics effects. A temperature change of 40 kelvin per millisecond is achieved and demonstrates the efficacy of this method using nanopore ionic conductivity measurements that enable selective activation of individual nanopores in an array. Moreover, the selective gating of specific nanopores in an array can set distinct ionic conductance levels: low, medium, and high (i.e., “0,” “1,” and “2”), which can be exploited for logical gating with optical signal control. Such selective optical gating in nanopore arrays marks a breakthrough in nanofluidics, as it paves the way toward smart devices that offer multifunctional applications including biosensing, targeted drug delivery, and fluidic mixing.
Dual C2 Synthon Strategy for the Synthesis of Pyrimidines: Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic α,β‐C(sp3)−H Bond Difunctionalization of Tertiary Alkylamines
Authors: Putta Ramachandra Reddy , Hong Junhwa , Choi Seung Hyun , Lee Jinwoo , Lee Honghui , Lee Seok Beom , Hong Suckchang
Published: October 2024

Herein, we describe a two‐component methodology developed for the synthesis of pyrimidine derivatives using tertiary alkylamines and amidines. Tertiary alkylamines serve as dual C2 synthons through copper‐catalyzed aerobic difunctionalization of the α,β−C(sp3)−H bonds. The process operates under mild conditions and uses atmospheric oxygen as the oxidant. Notably, by this methodology yields up to 85% yields are obtained and a broad substrate scope is shown. Mechanistic studies indicate that the annulation proceeds via a radical‐mediated oxidation and C−N bond coupling process. This approach provides a pathway for synthesizing various heterocycles by employing tertiary alkylamines as dual C2 synthons.
Revisiting the Synthetic Utility of 4,5‐Dehydro[2.2]paracyclophane
Authors: Taguchi Jumpei , Omoto Yuta , Uto Konami , Tabuchi Hitomi , Uekusa Hidehiro , Niwa Takashi , Hosoya Takamitsu
Published: October 2024

4,5‐Dehydro[2.2]paracyclophane, an aryne species of [2.2]paracyclophane ([2.2]PCP) was reported more than half a century ago. However, despite its potential usefulness for preparing [2.2]PCP derivatives, this species is rarely considered in synthetic applications, probably because the efficiency of aryne generation and reaction with arynophiles are low under harsh reaction conditions of classical methods involving precursors. We have prepared o‐iodoaryl triflate‐ and o‐silylaryl triflate‐type precursors and achieved generation of 4,5‐dehydro[2.2]PCP, which reacted with a diverse range of arynophiles to afford functionalized [2.2]PCP derivatives, including [2.2]PCP‐fused π‐extended polyaromatics. Our results highlight the synthetic utility of the historically overlooked 4,5‐dehydro[2.2]PCP intermediate.
A Gecko‐Inspired Robot Using Novel Variable‐Stiffness Adhesive Paw Can Climb on Rough/Smooth Surfaces in Microgravity
Authors: Yu Zhiwei , Xu Xiaofeng , Zhao Benhua , Fu Jiahui , Wang Linfeng , Wang Zhouyi , Fan Chengguang , Yang Simon X. , Ji Aihong
Published: October 2024

Space‐wall‐climbing robots face the challenge of stably attaching to and moving on spacecraft surfaces, which include smooth flat areas and rough intricate surfaces. Although adhesion‐based wall‐climbing robots demonstrate stable climbing on smooth surfaces in outer space, there is scarce research on their stable adhesion on rough surfaces within a microgravity environment. A novel adhesive material is developed inspired by the adhesion mechanism and locomotion of the Gekko gecko. This material exhibits exceptional adhesion across various materials and surface roughness. A variable‐stiffness gecko‐inspired paw is engineered, generating substantial adhesion forces while minimizing detachment forces. Impressively, this paw generates up to 180 N of adhesion force on smooth surfaces and achieves detachment without external forces. By integrating such variable‐stiffness paws with a wall‐climbing robot, a gecko‐inspired robot effectively operating in a microgravity environment is created. The robotic satellite surface climbing experiments and robotic satellite capture experiments are conducted using a simulated microgravity environment and a satellite model. The results unequivocally demonstrate the gecko‐inspired robot's proficiency in executing various functions, including stable motion and capture on both smooth and rough spacecraft surfaces within a microgravity environment. These experiments underscore the potential of adhesion‐based gecko‐inspired robots for in‐orbit services and spacecraft capture and recovery.
Systematic review of musculoskeletal ultrasound learning methodologies
Authors: Vogt Amber J. , Mayer Robert Samuel
Published: October 2024

Introduction/Purpose

As the frequency and morbidity of musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders increase, the use of MSK ultrasound has become an important diagnostic and procedural tool. This has amplified the importance of quality MSK ultrasound training for medical professionals. This systematic review evaluated and compared peer‐reviewed journal articles on learning methodologies for MSK ultrasound training.

Methods

Thirty‐three articles met inclusion and exclusion criteria and were evaluated.

Results

Results showed a lack of randomised studies that compared learning methodologies.

Conclusion

There was wide variability of methodology used based on educational and institutional needs. Further randomised control trials need to be conducted to ascertain best educational practices.
Synthesis and Characterization of Monomeric Triarylbismuthine Oxide
Authors: Kuziola Jennifer , Moon Hye Won , Leutzsch Markus , Nöthling Nils , Béland Vanessa A. , Cornella Josep
Published: October 2024

The synthesis and isolation of a bismuth‐based analogue of the venerable triphenylphosphine oxide (Ph3PO) has remained a chimera to synthetic chemists for many years, due to its predicted high reactivity and instability. Through the hydrolysis of a cationic fluorotriarylbismuthonium(V) salt, we report here the isolation of unique hydroxytriarylbismuth(V) complexes, which served as precursor for the formation of the elusive monomeric triarylbismuthine oxide Dipp3Bi=O. Combined spectroscopic, crystallographic and computational studies provided insight into the bonding situation of the first monomeric triorganobismuth oxide complex. The Dipp3Bi=O and Mes3BiO⋅LiBArF complex exhibits O‐atom transfer reactivity, an uncommon reactivity feature for Ar3Pn=O.
CO2‐Assisted Controllable Synthesis of PdNi Nanoalloys for Highly Selective Hydrogenation of Biomass‐Derived 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Guo Ruichao , Zeng Yongjian , Lin Lu , Hu Di , Lu Chunqiang , Conroy Stuart , Zhang Suyu , Zeng Chen , Luo Huixia , Jiang Zhiwei , Zhang Xiaolei , Tu Xin , Yan Kai
Published: October 2024

The selective hydrogenation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5‐bishydroxymethyltetrahydrofuran (BHMTHF), a vital fuel precursor and solvent, is crucial for biomass refining. Herein, we report highly selective and stable PdNi nanoalloy catalysts for this deep hydrogenation process. A CO2‐assisted green method was developed for the controllable synthesis of various bimetallic and monometallic catalysts. The PdNi/SBA‐15 catalysts with various Pd/Ni ratios exhibited a volcano‐like trend between BHMTHF yield and Pd/Ni ratio. Among all catalysts tested, Pd2Ni1/SBA‐15 achieved the best performance, converting 99.0 % of HMF to BHMTHF with 96.0 % selectivity, surpassing previously reported catalysts. Additionally, the Pd2Ni1/SBA‐15 catalyst maintained excellent stability even after five recycling runs. Catalyst characterizations (e. g., HAADF‐STEM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed the successful formation of the alloy structure with electron transfer between Ni and Pd, which accounts for the remarkable performance and stability of the catalyst. This work paves the way for developing highly selective and stable alloy catalysts for biomass valorization.