bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BREAST CANCER TREATMENT DELAY-ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN NORTHERN MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Figueiredo Carolina Lamac , Mendes Patrícia Helena Costa , Caldeira Antônio Prates , Lucena Clécio Ênio Murta de , Coelho Bertha Andrade
Published: April 2023

Objective: Delay in breast cancer treatment can lead to advanced stages of the disease and higher associated mortality. The north of Minas Gerais is a transition area between the southeast and northeast of the country, has a vast territorial extension, and has a great social need, where there have been no previous studies on breast cancer diagnosis and treatment delay. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the time elapsed between detection, diagnosis, and treatment in patients with breast cancer treated at a High Complexity Care Unit in Oncology (UNACON) in the north of Minas Gerais, identifying breast cancer treatment delay-associated factors. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study that evaluated secondary data, analyzing the total interval (defined as the time elapsed from the first symptom or mammographic abnormality to treatment initiation) and associated factors for treatment delay in breast cancer patients at an oncology referral center in the north of Minas Gerais. A logistic regression model was used to define the associated factors, assuming a significance of up to 5% in the final model. In all, 300 medical records were analyzed between 2016 and 2018. All ethical precepts for conducting the research were respected. Data collection was authorized by the health institution. The research project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the State University of Montes Claros (no 3.840.184/2020) as recommended by the guidelines of Resolution No. 466/2012 of the National Health Council of the Ministry of Health. Results: The median time of the total interval was 179.5 days, with 76.0% of patients presenting a delay in treatment initiation. The chances of delay in the total interval were greater in patients with lower education (odds ratio [OR]=2.01), with access to public cancer centers (OR=4.47), patients diagnosed by clinical examination (OR=2.24), and with brown and black skin color (OR=2.00). Conclusion: An important delay in treatment initiation for breast cancer patients was observed, and the associated variables highlight social inequalities. Therefore, it is recommended that more equitable strategies for women’s health care be adopted in northern Minas Gerais.
FREE NIPPLE GRAFT: CURRENT INDICATIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF A CENTENARY BREAST SURGERY TECHNIQUE – A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Leon Rafael Araujo Ponce de
Published: April 2023

Objective: This literature review seeks to provide an updated synthesis of knowledge about the free nipple graft (FNG) technique and its outcomes relating to aesthetic satisfaction, functionality, and safety profile, as well as to analyze its incorporation and applicability in several intervention areas involved in mastology such as mammaplasty, transgender, and oncoplastic surgery. Methods: A structured electronic literature search was conducted, using the PubMed and LILACS databases. The search strategy consisted of the keywords, MeSH terms, and free text words for the FNG and its application in mammaplasty, transgender, and oncoplastic surgery. Results: A total of 397 articles were found and after inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 were selected. Their outcomes have shown, despite the lack of standardized scores to postulate better scientific evidence on its use and indications, that the technique, analyzed in over 1290 patients, achieved high-safety rates and reproducibility. Aesthetic and patient satisfaction were positives and recommended by the authors in different studies discussed in this study. Despite these considerations regarding methodological and article limitations, it is important to emphasize a broad applicability of the FNG technique and its limited dissemination and use in breast surgery. Notwithstanding inconveniences related to the FNG technique, such as total loss of nipple sensibility, areolar depigmentation, and flattening of the papilla over time, it is also necessary to reinforce the low rate of loss of graft. Moreover, in cases of oncological surgeries, in which maintaining NAC would not be possible after mastectomy in ptotic or bulky breasts, FNG may be used for the maintenance of the nipple-areolar complex or correction of malposition of it after conservative or radical mastectomies. Conclusion: The literature data analysis provides a broad view of possibilities in breast surgery using the FNG technique and its safety profile. This study represents a potential impact on both experienced and learner surgeons when providing the most complete and updated information about a technique with a large spectrum of intervention in either mammaplasty, oncological, or transgender surgery. Still, we reinforce the need for adequate interventional trials and standardized aesthetic functional scores in order to define with a better level of evidence the usefulness of FNG.
INFLUENCE OF THE TYPE OF CRITERIA USED FOR CLASSIFICATION OF THE BEST STUDIES IN MEDICAL EVENTS
Authors: Vieira René Aloisio da Costa , Paulinellli Regis Resente , Rodrigues Fábio Francisco Oliveira , Moreira Marise Amaral Rebouças , Caponero Ricardo , Rahal Rosemar Macedo Sousa , Facina Gil , Freitas Junior Ruffo de
Published: April 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the study methodology and the type of evaluation in the selection of studies for presentation of Scientific Events. Methods: This is a prospective, observational, transversal study, applied in a cohort of studies submitted for presentation at BBCS 2021. This study does not require CEP evaluation by resolution 466/2012. All BBCS 2021 Evaluating Committee members were invited to participate in the study. The studies were presented blindly to the evaluators, with three forms of evaluation being presented. The first criterion was based on six criteria (method, ethics, design, originality, promotion, and social contributions), representing the pattern of the event. In the second criterion, the evaluator considered a grade from 0 to 10 for the study. The third criterion was based on five criteria (presentation, method, originality, scientific, and social contributions). The results were grouped and the studies classified. For evaluation of the correlation of the criteria of the items, the Cronbach’s alpha was performed. A factorial analysis was performed. For evaluation of the median differences between the tests, we used Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Dunn’s tests. To evaluate the difference in the study classifications, we used the Friedman test and Namenyi’s All-Pairs Comparisons. The “R” and IBM SPPS Statistics were used for the analysis. Results: In all, 122 studies were evaluated, of which 94 were original studies and 28 were case reports. Five professors performed all the evaluations. Original studies had better scores. There was a good correlation with the items of criteria 1 (α=0.730) and 3 (α=0.937). The methodology and study design showed the main criteria needed for study evaluation. The Kruskal-Wallis showed differences in the results (p<0.001) of all criteria used [1–2 (p<0.001); 1–3 (p=0.004)]. The Friedman test showed a difference in the ranking of the studies (p <0.001), for all studies (p<0.01). Conclusion: Methodologies that use many criteria showed good correlation. Methodology and study design represent the main criteria. The methodology used in the evaluation of studies influences the ranking of the best studies.
SCREENING MAMMOGRAPHY BEFORE AND DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMICS IN BRAZIL: AN ANALYSIS FROM PUBLIC REGISTRIES
Authors: Santos Annamaria Massahud Rodrigues dos , Balabram Débora
Published: April 2023

Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on breast cancer screening in the public health system in Brazil. The Brazilian Ministry of Health recommends mammography screening every 2 years from 50 to 69 years of age. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and the System of Health Information of the public health system (DATASUS). We evaluated the absolute number of screening mammograms performed per age group every year from 2017 to 2021. The year 2017 was considered the reference. Results: In 2017, a total of 2,616,022 screening mammograms were performed through the Brazilian public health system in women 50–69 years of age, in comparison to 1,456,001 (44.34% fewer) in 2020 and 1,998,097 (23.62% fewer) in 2021. The expected number of examinations, considering the target population in 2021, would be 8.5 million. In addition, in 2018, there were 3.8% and in 2019, 5.4% fewer examinations than in 2017. Of note, the target population increased by 10% from 2017 to 2021. Regarding other age groups, the proportion of mammograms performed remained similar over the period: 65% of the examinations were performed in the recommended range, 29.5% between 35 and 49 years, and 5.5% in patients older than 70 years Conclusion: There was a large (44.34%) decrease in the number of screening mammograms in 2020 in comparison to that in 2017. However, in the years before the pandemic (2018 and 2019), the proportion of women who underwent screening was also smaller than in 2017. More studies are needed to evaluate social and political factors associated with the low proportion of screening mammograms and yearly fluctuations in breast cancer screening through the public health system in Brazil.
THE INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE AS INTEGRATIVE, COMPLEMENTARY PRACTICE ON PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER DIAGNOSTIC: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Silveira Letícia Andrade , Paz Beatriz Santos da , Jesus Thamara Rafaella Costa de , Alves Marcus de Souza
Published: April 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of physical exercise as an alternative to integrative and complementary practices and its importance in patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Methods: This is a literature review that was carried out in the PubMed and SciELO databases, in which the articles were searched using the following terms: breast cancer, physical exercise, quality of life, and nonpharmacological treatment, selected between the period of 2017 and 2022. The types of study selected for research were experimental and observational. Results: A study carried out with 28 patients was divided into an experimental group (combined and hospital treatment) and a control group (hospital treatment), where it was concluded that the combined treatment (aerobic, resistance, and flexibility exercise) led to an increase in the frequency of physical activity. Physical exercise in patients with breast cancer provides better cardiorespiratory and joint control. In another study that was carried out with 10 women who survived breast cancer, for 4 months, with the practice of combined physical exercises, it was evidenced that remotely supervised non-face-to-face aerobic and resistance exercises can help maintain the level of fatigue positively. These results corroborate the perception of professionals from the Family Health Strategy, who observed the positive effects of complementary integrative practices (PICS) through the suffering and fragility in the treatment of women with breast cancer, acting on an emotional and spiritual improvement for them, which makes these practices relevant adjunct to conventional treatment in primary care. Conclusion: Physical exercise as an integrative practice can improve asthenia, assist in cardiorespiratory and joint control, and aid in the management of fatigue. Therefore, PICS provides emotional, physical, and spiritual benefits for patients diagnosed with breast cancer.
SYSTEMIC TREATMENT FOR EARLY-STAGE TRIPLE-NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER: A RECOMMENDATION FROM AN EXPERT PANEL OF THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY OF MASTOLOGY
Authors: Zerwes Felipe Pereira , Freitas Junior Ruffo de , Oliveira Vilmar Marques de , Frasson Antonio Luiz , Cavalcante Francisco Pimentel , Mansani Fabio Postiglione , Mattar Andre
Published: April 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes of members of the Brazilian Society of Mastology (SBM) about the systemic treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods: All 1,400 SBM members were invited to answer a survey with 44 objective questions. An expert meeting was held in December 2021, with the participation of 27 experts and 3 ad hoc consultants. Panelists responded to the survey before and after the meeting (brainstorm). Responses that reached 70% agreement were considered consensual. Results: There was consensus regarding the indications of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the addition of platinum in this context, unlike immunotherapy, which was only recommended among experts after brainstorming. The presence of germline BRCA mutations does not interfere with the recommendation of neoadjuvant treatment with immunotherapy (double consensus). In contrast, 70.6% of mastologists consider the status of PD-L1 for the indication of neoadjuvant immunotherapy. Faced with the combination of chemotherapy and neoadjuvant immunotherapy, about 75% of respondents recommend that anthracyclines be used in a dose- -dense regimen (double consensus). After the brainstorm, this agreement was reversed. In adjuvant therapy, controversies remain regarding the maintenance of immunotherapy and the combination of immunotherapy and capecitabine/olaparib in relevant cases. Conclusion: Consensus among experts was reached on more than 70% of the questions, and agreement between panelists and associates was moderate. As verified in the brainstorm, the educational intervention about the systemic treatment of breast cancer influenced the mastologist’s decision-making in 60% of the questions. This theme should be explored, intensively and systematically, in continuing education actions aimed at mastologist professionals.
Formation and Transport of a Saharan Dust Plume in Early Summer
Authors: Senghor Habib , Dieng Abdou L. , Gueye Moussa , Diop Cheikh A. , Kane Mariane D. , Gaye Amadou T.
Published: April 2023

This research studies the capability of the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with the Chemistry/Aerosol module (WRF-Chem) with and without parametrization to reproduce a dust storm, which was held on 27th June 2018 over Sahara region. The authors use satellite observations and ground-based measurements to evaluate the WRF-Chem simulations. The sensitivities of WRF-Chem Model are tested on the replication of haboob features with a tuned GOCART aerosol module. Comparisons of simulations with satellite and ground-based observations show that WRF-Chem is able to reproduce the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) distribution and associated changes of haboob in the meteorological fields with temperature drops of about 9 °C and wind gust 20 m·s–1. The WRF-Chem Convection-permitting model (CPM) shows strong 10-meter winds induced a large dust emission along the leading edge of a convective cold pool (LECCP). The CPM indicates heavy dust transported over the West African coast (16°W-10°W; 6°N-21°N) which has a potential for long-distance travel on 27th June between 1100 UTC and 1500 UTC. The daily precipitation is improved in the CPM with a spatial distribution similar to the GPM-IMERG precipitation and maximum rainfall located at the right place. As well as raising a large amount of dust, the haboob caused considerable damage along its route.
Diversity of Endophytic Fungi in Banana Cultivars of Assam India
Authors: Panda Jibanjyoti , Vetrivelkalai P. , Bhagawati B. , Gupta Nibha
Published: April 2023

Endophytic fungal isolates (139 no.) were obtained from 143 (62 roots, 18 fruits and 54 leaves) samples of 15 different varieties of banana collected from 10 sites in Assam, India during 2018-2019. Overall isolation frequency from surface-sterilized tissue ranged from 10%-80% (as per site) and 6%-70% (as per variety of banana). All isolates were segregated into 40 different types on the basis of macromorphological and micro morphological characteristics. Forty different fungal taxa were isolated belonging to 14 genera including Absidia, Arthrinium, Aspergillus, Bipolaris, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Dendrophion, Fusarium, Humicola, Mortierella, Mucor, Penicillium, Paecilomyces, Verticillium and one mycelium sterile. Among them, Cladosporium cladosporioidies and Paecilomyces sp. frequently occurred in most of the sites surveyed whereas Cladospoirum cladosporioides and Aspergillus sp. 8, Fusarium graminseram were most frequently isolated from different varieties. However, all sites differed in their fungal diversity. Banana samples from Narigoan and Jorhat have been found with maximum fungal species followed by marigoan samples so as to Banana varieties Amrit Sagar endowed 27 no. of fungi followed by Jehaji and Honda which were associated with a maximum 14 fungal sp. Isolation frequency and relative abundance of Cladosporium cladosporiodes (80%, 4.6), Paecilomyces farinosus (80%, 4.6) followed by Penicillium ruburm, Aspergillus sp. 8 & 9 (70%, 4.02) were recorded as maximum comparatively in different sites. However, Aspergillus sp. 8, Mortieralla sp. and Pacilomyces farinosus are isolated frequently from different banana varieties (73.33%, 4.93).
The elderly are on the rise, a university problem that grows every day
Authors: Venegas-Venegas RdC  , Navarro-Venegas CO
Published: April 2023

God forgives, but time to none, says the song. What a profound truth! Sometimes part of the intellect is preserved, but other times it is lost forever. The above when detecting any psychoanalytic or neurological abnormality in the patient. In what age range do these symptoms appear? It is not 100% clear, cases have even been detected in people under 50 years of age. What do countries do in these cases? In Chile there are clubs for older adults that take advantage of some government royalties, offering special trips to see places other than the country of origin. Is that waiting for us? At the University, monetary stimuli are offered to all those who have reached enough age to leave the institution and light the fireplace, understanding by the latter the incorporation of new academics from some fashionable professions, but one thing is clear, everything with the doctor degree at least.
In-silico analysis of Lysenin as potential anti-cancer agents targeting sphingomyelin in colon cancer
Authors: Sofy Permana  , Kadek Frida Wulandari  , Silvi Zakiyatul Ilmiyah  , Hanggia Primadita  , Agustina Tri Endharti
Published: April 2023

Colorectal cancer is a malignant neoplasm disease and is defined as a malignancy that occurs in the large intestine. In the world colon cancer ranks fourth meanwhile in Indonesia, colon cancer placed in the third rank after another cancer. The aim of this study is to find alternative way to help chemotherapy agent that already exist which is 5-FU for cure colon cancer. As already know 5-FU still lack of weakness so in this study hope that the sample that test in this study which is lysenin can be co-chemotherapy agent for colon cancer. Lysenin from coelomic fluid earth worm Lumbricus rubellus will bind with ligand sphingomyelin with docking method where the result will be new binding complex. After that the new complex will be test with hnRNP M4 membrane complex on colon cancer with docking method too and will see whether there’s binding affinity between lysenin sphingomyelin binding complexes with hnRNP M4.
Exudative enteropathy in neonates: A case report
Authors: Imane Zizi  , Ilham Elouardighi  , Najat Amalik  , Lamiae Eliaziji  , Houria Knouni  , Amina Barakat
Published: April 2023

The term exudative gastroenteropathy is used to describe an entity characterized by excessive loss of plasma proteins in the gastrointestinal tract. This digestive exudation can be caused either by an obstacle to intestinal lymphatic drainage or by an alteration of the epithelial barrier. The clinical picture is often associated with chronic diarrhea and an edematous syndrome. Lymphedema, infectious complications secondary to lymphopenia or hypogammaglobulinemia, and thromboembolic complications may also be observed. Diagnosis is based on the measurement of fecal alpha-1 antitrypsin clearance. Sometimes primary in the context of Waldmann disease (primary intestinal lymphangiectasis) but more often secondary. It requires an endoscopic and morphological workup to confirm the origin of the protein leak, to evaluate its extent and cause. In addition to etiological treatment, management is based on a hyperprotein and hypolipid diet with medium-chain triglyceride supplementation. We report the case of an exudative enteropathy in a newborn.
Congenital Portosystemic Hepatic Fistula: A case report
Authors: I Elouardighi  , I Zizi  , L El Iaziji  , N Amalik  , A Barkat
Published: April 2023

Congenital portosystemic fistula (CPF) is a congenital malformation defined by one or more communications between a hepatic portal venous system and a systemic venous cava. Other terminologies exist in the literature, in particular for extrahepatic communications, such as "Abernethy malformation". It may be associated with other malformations or syndromes. Because of this non-physiological vascular communication, PFC can lead to the development of extrahepatic complications: hepatic encephalopathy and pulmonary vascular diseases (hepato-pulmonary syndrome or pulmonary hypertension). It can also lead to hepatic complications with the appearance of benign or malignant tumors and biological and metabolic disorders. We report the case of a newborn with a portosystemic hepatic fistula discovered during neonatal jaundice with cutaneous angiomatosis.
Estetiche dell’accumulazione nella letteratura giapponese del primo Novecento
Authors: Zanotti Pierantonio
Published: April 2023

This paper explores the themes of accumulation, saturation, excess, and abundance in some representative works of modern Japanese literature, focusing on the first three decades of the twentieth century. Among the texts analysed are the short storyHaguruma(Cogwheels, 1927) by Akutagawa Ryūnosuke, some poems by Hagiwara Sakutarō, the short storyKonjiki no shi(A Golden Death, 1914) by Tanizaki Jun’ichirō, and the novelPanoramatō kidan(Strange Tale of Panorama Island, 1926‑27) by Edogawa Ranpo.
Influence of the degree of ergot damage on the productivity elements of winter rye varieties
Authors: Shchekleina L. M. , Sheshegova T. K.
Published: April 2023

Under the conditions of the Kirov region in 2020-2022 there were studied 21 varieties of winter rye bred by Russian scientific institutions according to the nature of the relationship in the patho-system "Secale cereale L. – Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul.". Under artificial inoculation of flowers with a suspension of the pathogen all the studied varieties were affected by ergot in the range from 3.17 (Graphite FP) to 34.69 % (Saratovskaya 10), with grain contamination with sclerotia – from 0.13 (Graphite FP, Quail) up to 1.87 % (Amber), which indicates their susceptibility to the disease. However, taking into account the signs of "damage by ergot", "contamination of grain with sclerotia" and "yield" for further breeding for ergot resistance, it is possible to recommend varieties Perepel, Lika and Graphite FP (bred by the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N. V. Rudnitsky. The influence of the genotype on the biometry of sclerotia has been revealed. This is indirectly evidenced by the significant variability of their parameters in different varieties of rye, which should be taken into account during the mechanical cleaning of grain. Using the Graphite variety as an example, a significant (P ≥ 095) decrease in the grain content and productivity of an ear has been established when more than two sclerotia are formed in it, and four sclerotia form 1000 grains. With an increase in their number to 11 pieces, this pattern remained unchanged, and the harmfulness of ergot reached 64.05 % (ear grain size), 79.60 % (ear productivity) and 46.32 % (grain size). In the process of regression analysis, it has been established that with an increase in infection of the ear by 1-2 sclerotia, the number of grains in the ear decreases by 4.96 pieces, the mass of grain per ear – by 0.26 g, the grain size – by 2.49 g. The similar calculations with a preliminary analysis of the degree of plant damage can be of prognostic value in assessing the potential harmfulness of ergot.
Аnalysis of the combinational ability of spring soft wheat hybrids according to the resistance to leaf Septoria and plant productivity
Authors: Kharina A. V. , Volkova L. V.
Published: April 2023

In increasing the efficiency of breeding work on the creation of spring soft wheat varieties information about the combinational ability of the source material is of great importance. In 2021-2022 in the conditions of the Kirov region the general and specific combinational ability of 8 varieties and 28 hybrids of the second generation of spring soft wheat was studied according to the degree of leaf septoria damage, grain size and yield. The studies were carried out under natural conditions of development on the leaves of Parastagonospora nodorum as the molecular-genetic affiliation of the causative agent of septoria blotch to this species had been established. As the result of the conducted studies, for further breeding work there were selected 14 resistant F2 hybrids characterized by average values of the resistance index and a slow growth of infection. According to the complex of selective-immunological traits, the hybrid Rosinka 2 × Tertsiya was isolated, combining resistance to septoria with a high mass of 1000 seeds (41.6 g) and yield (410.0 g/m2). The tolerant hybrid of the Stepnaya 50 × Daria was particularly noted, which with a high degree of damage (34.2 %) formed a large grain (42.6 g) and the maximum yield for the experiment (411.1 g/m2). The conducted dispersion analysis of the data obtained has shown that the spring wheat variety Tertsiya (Russia) has a significantly high overall combinational ability (ОСА) by all the studied traits and can be their source in breeding programs. Moreover, the Epos variety (Germany) is the most effective as a source of resistance to septoria; Egisar 29, Niva 2, Stepnaya 50 and Rosinka 2 (Russia) are sources of grain size; Daria (Belarus) is a source of high yield. As the result of the analysis of the dominance index in most of the studied hybrids, the additive effect of genes on the manifestation of resistance to leaf septoria and seeds size was found. The effect of heterosis by disease resistance was observed in 21.4 %, by weight of 1000 seeds – in 42.9 % and by productivity – in 50.0 % of the studied hybrid combinations.
The spread of rhizoctoniosis in potato plantings in the conditions of the North-West of the Russian Federation with a heterogeneous content of nutrients in the soil
Authors: Smuk V. V. , Shpanev A. M.
Published: April 2023

Rhizoctoniosis is one of the most common and harmful diseases of potatoes in the North-West of Russia. The degree of its manifestation depends on many factors, including the content of basic nutrients in the soil. In the Leningrad region the effect of prolonged application of organic and mineral fertilizers on the degree and nature of the manifestation of rhizoctoniosis was studied in potato variety Meteor in forage and field crop rotations. By the results of the detailed accounting carried out in 2022 including observation of all potato plantings (43406 in total) it was determined that rhizoctoniosis damage had random distribution character in field crop rotation and focal distribution in forage crop rotation. This conclusion was confirmed by respective coefficients of variation (79 and 87 %) and aggregation (1.0 and 1.5). Spatial heterogeneity of plants damaged by rhizoctoniosis was visualized on digital maps compiled with GIS AFI and Surfer 11 while grouping the data into elementary sections. There was sufficient influence of cultivation and fertilization of different levels on rhizoctoniosis spread. The influence of cultivation was weak and statistically significant only in forage crop rotation, where there was an increase of rhizoctoniosis damage of potato plants (by 1.7-2.5 times compared to low cultivated soil). Under mineral fertilizers application there was a decrease of rhizoctoniosis damage of potato plants both in field crop rotation (by 1.1-1.7 times compared to variant without fertilizers application), and in forage crop rotation (by 1.1-1.3 times). Complex influence of soil cultivation and fertilization of potato plantings caused a decrease of rhizoctoniosis damage of potato tubers by 1.9 and 2.0 times in field and forage crop rotations, respectively.
Evaluation of Serum Zonulin and Occludin Levels in Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Zengil Sertaç , Laloğlu Esra
Published: April 2023

Objective The etiology of bipolar disorder (BD) is still not fully understood. Little is currently known about the relationship between the interaction the gastrointestinal system and brain function and BD. Zonulin is the only known physiological modulator of tight junctions and is a biomarker for intestinal permeability (IP). Occludin is an integral transmembrane tight junction protein involved in the maintenance and assembly of such junctions. The current study aims to determine whether zonulin and occludin levels are altered in BD and whether they can serve as clinical biomarkers of disease.Methods Forty-four patients with BD and 44 healthy controls were included in this study. The Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) was used to determine the severity of manic symptoms, while the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) was used to determine the severity of depressive symptoms, and the Brief Functioning Rating Scale (FAST) to assess functionality. Venous blood samples were taken from all participants and serum zonulin and occludin levels were measured.Results The mean serum zonulin and occludin levels of the patients were significantly higher compared to the healthy control group. There was no difference between manic, depressive, and euthymic patients in terms of zonulin and occludin levels. There was no correlation between the total number of attacks, duration of disease, YMRS, HDRS, FAST scores, and zonulin and occludin levels in the patient group. The groups were divided into three according to body mass index as normal, overweight, and obese. Zonulin and occludin levels increased as body mass index increased and were highest in the obese group.Conclusion The study shows that zonulin and occludin levels in BD increase independently of the disease stage. Consideration of the role of IP in the pathogenesis of BD may be helpful in determining the appropriate treatment modality.
Adherence to a Vegetarian Diet is not Associated With Depression: Results From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys
Authors: Storz Maximilian Andreas , Ronco Alvaro Luis
Published: April 2023

Objective Adherence to vegetarian diets has been associated with physical health benefits, whereas vegetarian mental health is less well documented. We sought to investigate whether adherence to a vegetarian diet was associated with depression in a nationally-representative sample of US adults.Methods We used population-based data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys to examine said associations. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), vegetarian status was self-reported. Multivariate regression was used to measure the magnitude of associations, controlling for a range of covariables known to be associated with depressive symptoms.Results Our analysis included 9,584 individuals, of which 910 individuals had PHQ-9 scores suggestive of depression. Vegetarian diet was associated with reduced odds of PHQ-9 defined depression (odds ratio [OR]: 0.49 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 0.24–0.98], p=0.047) in a model adjusting for sex, age, ethnicity, income, and marital status. When adjusting for additional factors (educational level, smoking status, serum C-reactive protein, and body mass index) in a second model, the previously observed association was no longer significant (OR: 0.66 [CI: 0.34–1.26], p=0.203).Conclusion Vegetarian diet was not associated with PHQ-9 defined depression in this nationally-representative sample of adults. Additional longitudinal examinations are warranted to evolve the understanding of the role of vegetarian diets in mental health.
HARDWARE SECURITY OVERVIEW OF FOG COMPUTING END DEVICES IN THE INTERNET OF THINGS
Authors: Zhurylo Oleh , Liashenko Oleksii , Avetisova Karyna
Published: April 2023

The subject of the study is possible means of increasing the hardware security of end devices of fog computing in Internet of Things (IoT) networks, the spread of which is growing rapidly every year and requires a high level of of protection against all types of attacks. The goal of the work is to review available COTS (commercial off-the-shelf) and/or conceptual hardware solutions for protecting low-end devices in Internet of Things networks based on fog technologies. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were solved: the concept of fog computing and the advantages it will bring to IoT networks are presented; cyber threats and hardware attacks on IoT networks are considered; the consequences of using IoT networks based on fog computing are presented; hardware security tools such as TRM, PUF, HSM, etc. are considered. When performing the tasks, such research methods were used as: theoretical analysis of literary sources; comparative analysis of cloud, fog and mobile computing; analysis of existing security hardware. The following results were obtained: fog computing provides most of the advantages of cloud computing by additionally allowing data to be processed on end devices without burdening the central server. Conclusions: hardware security in IoT systems is no less important than software security. This issue is especially important for systems based on fog computing, where data will be processed on the periphery, without being transferred to the cloud. To increase the level of hardware security of fog computing devices, it is suggested to use standard hardware security platforms, such as: Physically Unclonable Functions, Hardware Security Module, System On a Chip, etc. The hardware components of the system using fog computing are less prone to cyber-attacks/hacking/intrusions/manipulation.
MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF EOLIAN AND ALLUVIAL SANDS OF ENERGODAR CITY
Authors: SEDIN V. , ULYANOV V. , KOVBA V. , HORLACH S. , ZAHILSKYI V.
Published: April 2023

Problem statement. The assumption that the properties of sandy soils, in addition to other factors, can also be influenced by the morphological features of the sands of eolian and alluvial genesis, appeared during the analysis of data from high-precision geodetic observations of subsidence and tilting of buildings and structures in the area Energodar. Data from engineering studies also deserve attention. To the greatest extent, the change in the properties of sandy soils is important for the artificial surface structures of the industrial zone and the city itself, namely: retaining walls, so-called light yards of power units and Zaporizhzhya SDPS, transmission line supports, etc. This article is devoted to the solution of the issues that arose earlier, regarding the possible causes of uncontrolled and until now subsidence of individual buildings and structures of the industrial zone, as well as city buildings. The purpose of the article. Obtaining during the research some missing data on the morphology of eolian and alluvial sands within the city of Energodar, in particular, reliable quantitative indicators that can be used in the calculations of soil bases. Conclusions. The results of the soil morphology indicator determination, as well as the study of the shape and nature of the sand grains surface for alluvium of the Vitachevo-Buzka horizon of the 1st floodplain terrace of the Dnipro River valley within the city of Energodar are presented. The results of similar works on the study of genetic types of Quaternary sands of different genesis in the Dnipro River valley were also analyzed. Thanks to the research, data were obtained on the morphology of monomineral oligomictic alluvial sands, their shape and the nature of the sand grains surface of alluvium. Since quartz was the predominant mineral in most of the studied sands, in further studies it is planned to study other mineral differences, which would allow obtaining data on the formation of contacts between sand grains, the shape of which is different from a sphere, lamellar or other shape. For the first time, some basic morphological characteristics of the eolian and alluvial Quaternary sands of the Dnipro valley in Energodar were obtained. Attention is paid to the clarification of the concept of eolian deposits, the determination of their formation age is problematic. The trend of decreasing morphology of river sands of the Dnipro valley from its sources to its mouth is determined. With all confidence, the results of the research can be applied to the foundations of buildings in Energodar.
تأثير التنشيط العصبي العضلي بالمحاور المتعددة في تطوير المديات الحركية للعضلات العاملة للاعبي الكرة الطائرة متقدمين
Authors: الفضلي علي باسم محمد
Published: April 2023

تمثلت أهمية البحث باستعمال اسلوب تدريبي يعمل على التنشيط العصبي العضلي بالمحاور المتعددة في تطوير المديات الحركية والتي تخدم مهارة الضرب الساحق من خلال تحقيق نقطة باقل جهد واعلى كفاءة الذي نشاهده من خلال الدوريات العالمية هدف البحث الى اعداد تدريبات خاصة للتنشيط العصبي العضلي بالمحاور المتعددة لتطوير المديات الحركية و التعرف على تأثير التدريبات الخاصة للتنشيط العصبي العضلي بالمحاور المتعددة في تطوير المديات الحركية وفرض الباحث ان هنالك فروق معنوية بين الاختبارين القبلي والبعدي للمجموعتين الضابطة  والتجريبية في بعض القدرات البدنية بالكرة الطائرة للمتقدمين استعمل الباحث المنهج التجريبي لملائمته طبيعة مشكلة البحث وبتصميم المجموعتين المتكافئة ذات الاختبارين القبلي والبعدي كون هذا التصميم ذات ضبط محكم مع ملائمته لإجراءات البحث و تضمنت عينة البحث لاعبي نادي النعمانية الرياضي لفئة المتقدمين وعددهم(16) لاعبا  قام الباحث وفريق العمل المساعد بأجراء الاختبارات (البدنية) على مدى يوم واحد وعلى قاعه مركز الشباب لنادي النعمانية الرياضي تضمنت التجربة الرئيسية تطبيق التدريبات التنشيط العصبي العضلي وفق المحاور المتعددة الخاصة بأداء مهارة الضرب الساحق قام الباحث بعد الانتهاء من تطبيق التدريبات المستخدمة و التي اعدها الباحث تم اجراء الاختبارات البعدية بتاريخ (10/10/2022) ولمدة يوم واحد استعمل الباحث الحقيبة الاحصائية (SPSS) لغرض الحصول على نتائج البحث  .
قــــــوه الخبرة الادارية لعمداء الكليات وعلاقته بتحسين مستــــوى الانتاجية العلميـــــة لأعضـــــــــاء الهيئات التدريسية في كليــــــة التربــــــية البدنية وعلـــــــــوم الرياضـــــــــة (جامعـــــــة بغــــــداد)
Authors: حسين علي بثينة
Published: April 2023

هدف البحث الحالي الى التعرف على العلاقة بين قوة الخبرة للعمداء وتحسين مستوى الانتاجية العلمية لعضو هيئة التدريس من وجهة نظر اعضاء هيئة التدريس وكانت مجالات البحث تتكون من المجال البشري  التدريسين فـــي كلية التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضــــة / جامعة بغـــــداد للمدة الزمنية من 22-9-2022 لغاية 22-11-2022  وقد طبقت في كليـــــة التربية البدنيـــــــة وعلوم الرياضة / جامعة بغـــــــداد. تم اختيار مجتمع البحث والذي يتكون من جميع اعضاء الهيئات التدريسية في كلية التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة في جامعة بغداد والذي يتكون من  (177) عضو هيئة تدريسية ولصغر حجم مجتمع البحث فقد قامت الباحثة بأخذ المجتمع البحثي بالطريقة العمدية وبنسبة (100%) كعينة للبحث والمستمرين بالدوام الرسمي وللعام الدراسي (2021-2022) وكانت ابرز التوصيات العمل على تطوير قابليات صاحب القرار الاكاديمي من خلال تشجيعه على استخدام خبرة السابقة في حل المشكلات التي تواجه اعضاء هيئة التدريس  وتعزيز الحكمة والموعظة والتصرف الجيد لعمداء الكليات من خلال ادراجهم في الدورات والورش التعليمية . وتشجيع صاحب القرار الاكاديمي على عملية زرع الثقة عند التدريسين من خلال استخدامه لخبرة الواسعة في التعامل . وضرورة ان يقوم صاحب القرار الاكاديمي بالتشجيع لأعضاء هيئة التدريس على التقديم لسنه بحثية في جامعات وكليات عالمية .
مقارنة في الإحتراق النفسي للمعلمين ذوي نمط الشخصية (أ) و (ب) في محافظة الأنبار
Authors: عبد الله رجب شيماء
Published: April 2023

أن الاحتراق النفسي هو من الظواهر ذات التأثيرات السلبية على معلم التربية الرياضية ويظهر هذا التأثير في أنخفاض أداءه وجهده وكثرة غياباته والتصرفات السلبية في التعامل مع الآخرين ، لذا تكمن أهمية البحث بكونها محاولة لمعرفة ودراسة ظاهرة الإحتراق النفسي للمعلمين ومحاولة معرفة الفروق مابين معلمي التربية الرياضية ذوي نمط الشخصية (أ) و (ب) في الإحتراق النفسي للمعلمين ، ويهدف البحث إلى التعرف على درجة أبعاد الإحتراق النفسي وفي الدرجة الكلية ، والتعرف على نمط الشخصية من نوع (أ) و (ب) ، وكذلك التعرف على دلالة الفروق في أبعاد الإحتراق النفسي للمعلمين ذوي نمط الشخصية (أ) و (ب) وفي درجته الكلية لدى معلمي التربية الرياضية بالمدارس الأبتدائية . 
وقد تم أستخدام المنهج الوصفي وتمثلت العينة بمعلمي التربية الرياضية للمدارس الابتدائية بالمديرية العامة لتربية محافظة الأنبار للعام الدراسي 2022 – 2023م والبالغ عددهم (245) معلما ً ، وتم تطبيق وإستخدام مقياسي (الإحتراق النفسي للمعلمين) و (نمط الشخصية لبورتنر) ، وتم التوصل إلى الاستنتاجات :

ظهور فروق بين المعلمين ذوي النمط (أ) والنمط (ب) في بعد الضغوط المهنية وفي الدرجة الكلية لمقياس الإحتراق النفسي للمعلمين .
لم تظهر أي فروق بين المعلمين ذوي النمط (أ) والنمط (ب) في بعد عدم الرضا الوظيفي ، وفي بعد أنخفاض مستوى المساندة الإدارية ، وفي بعد الإتجاه السلبي نحو التلاميذ لمقياس الإحتراق النفسي للمعلمين .

أما اهم التوصيات فهي : التأكيد على دور وأهمية الإحتراق النفسي لمعلمي التربية الرياضية وتعزيز النواحي الإيجابية . والعمل على تقليل أو إزالة ظاهرة الإحتراق النفسي لدى معلمي التربية الرياضية لما لها من دور في تحطيم قدرات وأمكانيات ونفسية كل معلم  .
اثر استخدام الالعاب الصغيرة في تنمية القدرات الابداعية الحركية لدى تلاميذ المدرسة بعمر(11-12) سنة
Authors: محمود رنا , يونس نبراس , يحيى عقيل
Published: April 2023

هدف البحث الى اختيار مجموعة العاب صغيرة لتنمية القدرات الابداعية الحركية  لتلاميذ المدرسة بعمر (11-12) سنة فضلا عن معرفة تأثير هذه الألعاب وهدف البحث الى تقنين وتطبيق مقياس القدرات الابداعية الحركية لدى تلاميذ المدرسة للمرحلة العمرية (11_12) سنة ، استخدمت الباحثة المنهج التجريبي منهجا للدراسة، وذلك لملائمته وطبيعة هذه الدراسة وأهدافها ، تكون مجتمع البحث من تلاميذ المدرسة بعمر (11_12) سنة للعام الدراسي (2022-2023) والبالغ عددهم (360)تلميذ ، وتم اجراء هذا البحث في المدة من 6/11/2022 ولغاية  21/1/2023  وعلى عينة من تلاميذ مدرسة الازد الابتدائية للبنين للعام الدراسي (2022_2023) وبعمر (11-12) سنة وبلغ عددهم (72) تلميذ 20%من مجتمع البحث تم تقسيمهم الى مجموعتين متساويتين احدهما تجريبية عملت بالألعاب الصغيرة والاخرى ضابطة عملت بالأسلوب المتبع لدرس الرياضة ، وتكونت كل مجموعة من (36) تلميذ بعد إجراء عمليتي التجانس والتكافؤ ، كما تم اختيار الاختبارات الملائمة  التي حددتها الباحثة  مع إجراء تجربة استطلاعية مصغرة على مجموعة بعدد(30) تلميذ من خارج عينة البحث الأساسية، الأدوات والوسائل المساعدة في البحث وتم إجراء الاختبارات القبلية على المجموعتين ومن ثم تطبيق الالعاب الصغيرة ضمن الوحدات التعليمية البالغة عددها (20) وحدة في مدة عشر اسابيع وكان زمن كل وحدة هو (٤٠) دقيقة بعدها اجريت الاختبارات البعدية ومن ثم معالجة نتائج البحث باستعمال الوسائل الإحصائية المناسبة، وقد خرجت الباحثة استنتاجات عدة كان اهمها أن مفردات الألعاب الصغيرة أدت دوراً فاعلا وكبيرا في تنمية القدرات الابداعية الحركية ، كذلك ظهرت الفروق بين الاختبارات القبلية والبعدية لدى أفراد المجموعة الضابطة بشكل ملحوظ والتي خضعت للمنهج المتبع في خطة درس التربية الرياضية للصف السادس من المرحلة الابتدائية، وفي ضوء هذه الاستنتاجات أوصت الباحثة بضرورة تطبيق مجموعة الألعاب الصغيرة في درس التربية الرياضية بالمدارس الابتدائية وكذلك ضرورة تهيئة البيئة التعليمية بالإمكانيات والادوات اللازمة لتطبيق الالعاب الصغيرة اثناء الجزء الرئيسي لدرس التربية الرياضية .
تأثير تداخل أساليب تدريب مختلفة في تطوير بعض المتغيرات البدنية والمهارية لدى لاعبي كرة القدم
Authors: محمد طالب نهبهرد
Published: April 2023

تكمن أهمية البحث في استخدام أساليب تدريبية في تطوير بعض المتغيرات البدنية والمهارية لدى لاعبي كرة القدم ، لتوفير المعلومات الكمية العلمية الدقيقة لرفع مستوى الأداء البدني والمهاري لدى اللاعبين ، من اجل توضيحها وبيانها للاستفادة منها للعاملين في مجال كرة القدم وصولا إلى الأداء الأفضل.  
وهدف البحث الى إعداد تمارين بأساليب تدريبية في تطوير بعض المتغيرات البدنية والمهارية لدى لاعبي كرة القدم ، والتعرف على تأثير التمارين بأساليب تدريبية في تطوير بعض المتغيرات البدنية والمهارية قيد الدراسة لدى أفراد عينة البحث.
استخدم الباحث المنهج التجريبي وذلك لملاءمته لطبيعة البحث ، وحدد مجتمع البحث بطريقة عمدية بلاعبي نادي كفري الرياضي بكرة القدم فئة المتقدمين والبالغ عددهم ( 22 ) لاعبا , وتم اختيار عينة البحث بواقع ( 18 ) لاعباً يمثلون نسبة قدره ( 81.82 % ) من مجتمع البحث ، وتم اختيارهم بشكل عشوائي باستخدام القرعة ، وقسمت هذه العينة الى مجموعتين تجريبيتين ومجموعة ضابطة وبواقع ( 6 ) لاعبين لكل مجموعة ، ومن الجدير بالذكر أن الباحث استبعد اللاعبين الذين أجريت عليهم التجارب الاستطلاعية والبالغ عددهم ( 4 ) لاعبين.
واستنتج الباحث عدد من الاستنتاجات منها : ان التمارين التدريبية بكلا الاسلوبين اثرت وبشكل كبير في تطوير المتغيرات البدنية قيد الدراسة وذلك لاحتوائها على الشدة المناسبة وبتكرار مناسب  ادى الى هذا التطور ، وان التمارين التدريبية بكلا الاسلوبين اثرت وبشكل كبير في تطوير المتغيرات المهارية قيد الدراسة والذي عكس نتيجة ارتفاع مستوى المتغيرات البدنية ادى الى هذا التطور ، وان تطور المتغيرات البدنية لأفراد المجموعتين التجريبيتين قابلهما ارتفاع ملحوظ في مستوى الاداء المهاري بالنسبة للمتغيرات المهارية المبحوثة وهذا ما اظهرته نتائج الدراسة ، وكانت هناك افضلية لتدريبات اسلوب المحطات على تدريبات بأسلوب الفارتلك في تطوير المتغيرات المهارية قيد الدراسة .
COVID 19 & IT giants: The Invisible monsters
Authors: Ranjan Pramod
Published: April 2023

This article describes how social-media companies have cleverly stifled freedom of expression during COVID-19. This article was originally written in Hindi, which can be accessed at: https://doi.org/10.17613/bb8h-5p08
American Partisans Vastly Underestimate the Diversity of Other Partisans' Attitudes
Authors: Dias Nicholas C. , Pearl Jake , Lelkes Yphtach
Published: April 2023

In the United States, a popular explanation for rising partisan animosity and democratic backsliding is that Republicans and Democrats misperceive one another to hold extreme attitudes. However, other aspects of party-attitude perceptions are likely as important to democracy. In particular, partisans may misperceive the diversity of Democrats’ and Republicans’ attitudes. This paper uses surveys and pre-registered experiments with representative and convenience samples (n = 9,405) of American adults to validate a measure of perceived attitude diversity, to better estimate Americans’ perceptions of partisans’ attitudes, and to compare these estimates to those derived from canonical measures of perceived polarization. We find that American partisans vastly underestimate the diversity of each party’s attitudes. Yet, contrary to existing research, we find little evidence that partisans consistently overestimate how extreme the “average” Republican or Democrat is. Finally, perceptions of both the “average” partisan and within-party attitude diversity predict partisan animosity and perceptions of out-party threat.
Perceptual expertise of forensic examiners and reviewers on tests of cross-race and disguised face identification and face memory
Authors: Yates Amy N. , Cavazos Jacqueline G , Jeckeln Geraldine , Hu Ying , Noyes Eilidh , Hahn Carina A. , O'TOOLE ALICE , Phillips P. Jonathon
Published: April 2023

Forensic facial professionals have been shown in previous studies to identify people from frontal face images more accurately than untrained participants when given 30 seconds per face pair. We tested whether this superiority holds in more challenging conditions. Two groups of forensic facial professionals (examiners, reviewers) and untrained participants were tested in three lab-based tasks: other-race face identification, disguised face identification, and face memory. For other-race face identification, on same-race faces, examiners were superior to controls; on different-race identification, examiners and controls performed comparably. Examiners were superior to controls for impersonation disguise, but not consistently superior for evasion disguise. Examiners’ performance on the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT+) was marginally better than reviewers and controls. We conclude that under laboratory-style conditions, professional examiners’ identification superiority does not generalize completely to other-race and disguised faces. Future work should administer other-race and disguise face identification tests that allow forensic professionals to follow methods and procedures they typically use in casework.