bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The right tools for the job: Constructing gender meanings and identities in the male-dominated building trades
Authors: Denissen Amy M
Published: March 2010

For women in male-dominated occupations, the gender beliefs and expectations of men co-workers create dilemmas for constructing and managing an occupational identity. Women often find themselves in a double bind where they are held accountable to contradictory expectations for a feminine presentation of self and a masculine performance of work. While previous research demonstrates the strength of gender double binds in constraining women’s actions and reproducing the dominant gender system, I argue that these conditions also create possibilities for resistance and change. Based on data from in-depth interviews with women who work in the building trades, this study examines the relationship between structural constraints and women’s agency in their response to normative constructions of gender. Rather than being forced into choosing between a stereotypically ‘masculine’ or ‘feminine’ role, tradeswomen manipulate gender rules by engaging in reflexive gender displays that emphasize the most advantageous identity for each situation.
A Linear Numerical Approach to Simulate the Delamination Growth Initiation in Stiffened Composite Panels
Authors: Riccio Aniello , Giordano Michele , Zarrelli Mauro
Published: March 2010

In this article, a simplified linear analysis-based approach to simulate the delamination growth initiation in stiffened composite panels, suitable as preliminary design and optimization tool implemented into a finite element code, is presented. The proposed approach is based on the determination of the delamination buckling and on the evaluation of the energy released during the delamination propagation by means of eigenvalue and linear static analyses. Stiffened composite panels with circular embedded bay delaminations, under compression loads, were adopted as a benchmark to test the simulation capabilities of the method. Obtained results, in terms of delamination growth initiation load and energy release rate distributions along the delamination front, have been compared to nonlinear results obtained by the virtual crack closure technique and experimental data for preliminary validation purposes. Comments and considerations upon the applicability of this methodology are, finally, provided with particular focus on delamination sizes and locations within the considered structural elements.
Development of Manufacturing Technology for Cab Front Using Resin Transfer Molding Process
Authors: Raghu Raja Pandiyan K. , Kundu Gautam , Neogi Swati , Patel Jiten
Published: March 2010

The development of a new composite product through resin transfer molding (RTM) process requires the identification of an effective injection strategy and optimization of the process variables and raw material parameters of the manufacturing process. This article presents an effective manufacturing technology for a cab front model using RTM isothermal mold-filling simulation technique. The simulations performed were based on the finite element method for which a commercial RTM simulation package was utilized. A number of isothermal mold-filling simulations using different injection strategies and process variables were carried out. Injection strategy using constant flow or pressure was executed to find optimum locations for injection ports and air vents requiring minimum mold -fill time. The effect of process variables, such as injection pressure, and raw material parameters, such as resin viscosity and mat permeability, on the mold-filling time was also studied. The simulation results show that the injection strategy of four injection points on the front face and four vents at the corners of the cab front with constant pressure of 5 atm delivers an optimum mold-fill time of 32 min without dry spots.
Theoretical Study for Moisture Diffusion in a Carbon/Epoxy Composite Laminate Accompanied by Thermal Conduction
Authors: Chih Hsing Wang  , Tsai Cho-Liang
Published: March 2010

This work aims to develop a process to derive the dynamic distribution of moisture content in a carbon/epoxy composite laminate based on theories of thermal conduction and moisture diffusion, which are triggered simultaneously by changes of environmental temperature and humidity. The moisture content in a composite laminate is low and assumed not to affect the thermometric conductivity. However, the local material temperature directly affects the moisture diffusivity, which dominates moisture diffusion. The moisture content derived by the proposed process differs negligibly from that obtained by neglecting the process of thermal conduction in the studied case.
Nonsubstituted Phthalocyanine Nanostructures Obtained Using Activated Metals and Unstable Complexes at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Kharisov Boris I. , Rivera De La Rosa Javier , Kharissova Oxana V. , Ortiz Mendez Ubaldo , Yacaman Miguel Jose
Published: March 2010

Metal phthalocyanines were obtained at room temperature with the use of supported Cun/Al2O3 nanoparticles and active unstable complex Mg(anthracene)·3THF in a series of protic and aprotic nonaqueous solvents (yields 5-11%). The properties of copper-alumina aggregates were studied by morphological, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray diffraction studies. The phthalocyanines as shown exist in the form of nanorods and nanowires having 80-120 nm diameters, as shown by scanning electron microscopy studies.
Discussion on the Cause of Print-through Phenomenon of FRP and Several Improvement Methods
Authors: Lin Huei-Jeng , Lai Wei-Ming , Huang Hou-Da , Kuo Yan-Min
Published: March 2010

A print-through phenomenon (PTP) often occurs on the surface of the gelcoat layer of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP). The fiber prints are visible with the naked eye. According to the scanning profile measured by instruments, the wrinkles indeed exist at the microlevel on the surface. In our previous works, it was concluded that PTP is induced by the nonuniform residual stress that is yielded while the resin hardens. This study further developed this argument regarding the cause of PTP and proved it by experiments. Moreover, several improvement methods to PTP were also tested by changing the configurations of core-mat, gelcoat, and resins to mitigate the tiny-scale deformations on the gelcoat surface. The simulation and experimental results showed that the increase in the thickness of core-mat and gelcoat layers is an effective way of reducing PTP. In addition, from simulation, it was found that searching for a substitution for core-mat, may possibly be another effective way of improving PTP.
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Tolerability, and Safety of a Novel Sorbitol Dehydrogenase Inhibitor in Healthy Participants
Authors: Landau Zohar , Novotny Mark J. , Preston Gregory M. , Wright Kathryn , Freeman Thomas , Dai Haiqing , Thompson John , Oates Peter J. , Calle Roberto A.
Published: March 2010

Increased glucose flux through the polyol pathway and the resultant oxidative stress is thought to be a major mechanistic contributor to microvascular diabetic complications. Inhibition of flux through this pathway can be blocked through inhibition of either of 2 enzymes, aldose reductase (AR) or sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH). This report describes the pharmacokinetics, biomarker pharmacodynamics, and safety of CP‐642,931, a potent and specific sorbitol dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDI). CP‐642,931 was administered for 7 days to 57 healthy volunteers in doses ranging from 1 to 35 mg daily. After the 35‐mg dose, CP‐642,931 showed a t1/2 of 20.1 hours and tmax at 0.5 to 1.25 hours. After a 35‐mg dose, maximum inhibition of SDH was 91% (on days 1 and 7), and maximum serum sorbitol increase was 152‐fold on day 7 compared to control. Five participants discontinued the study due to adverse events, including myalgia, muscle spasm, and muscle fatigue. All symptoms resolved in all but 1 participant, who continued to report intermittent muscle fasciculations upon follow‐up. In conclusion, CP‐642,931 is a potent and specific SDI that is rapidly absorbed through the oral route and effectively inhibits SDH. However, the drug is not well tolerated due to adverse neuromuscular effects.
Effect of Casopitant, a Novel NK‐1 Receptor Antagonist, on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Steady‐State Warfarin
Authors: Kirby Lyndon C. , Johnson Brendan M. , Adams Laurel M. , Eberwein Derek J. , Zhang Ke , Murray Sharon C. , Lates Christian D. , Blum Robert A. , Morris Shannon R.
Published: March 2010

Casopitant, a novel NK‐1 receptor antagonist under investigation for the prevention of postoperative and chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting, is a weak to moderate inhibitor of CYP3A and a moderate inducer of CYP2C9 in vitro. Furthermore, both CYP enzymes are involved in the metabolism of R‐ and S‐warfarin, respectively. This clinical study was conducted to explore the potential drug—drug interaction between casopitant and warfarin. In total, 97 healthy participants were enrolled and 54 completed the study. Participants received individualized daily dosing of warfarin to an international normalized ratio (INR) of 1.3 to 2.3 over a 14‐day period (period 1). Immediately following period 1, participants entered period 2 and were randomized to receive either regimen A (oral casopitant [150 mg day 1, 50 mg days 2 and 3] and warfarin [days 1–10]) or regimen B (oral casopitant 60 mg and warfarin [days 1–14]). INR assessments were performed daily. The steady‐state Cmax and AUC of R‐ and S‐warfarin were not altered by regimen A, but R‐warfarin AUC was increased 1.31‐fold (90% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22, 1.41), and S‐warfarin AUC was increased 1.27‐fold (90% CI: 1.18, 1.38) on day 14 in regimen B. Steady‐state INR values were not affected by either casopitant regimen.
Modified Waste Dispersion Phase from the Extraction Metallurgy as Functional Filler for Rubber-based Materials
Authors: Dishovsky N. , Grigorova D. , Iliev VI. , Borros S.
Published: March 2010

In the past decade, we have witnessed unprecedented increase in the quantities and variety of the electromagnetic field sources used for domestic, industrial, and military purposes. Of late, the protection from the ultra high frequency (UHF) electromagnetic radiation is gaining importance owing to human health care and quality of life and work improvement. Independently from the variety of produced absorbers, the problem with development of new, more effective, and cheap absorbing materials becomes a question of interest. The mainly used functional fillers in rubber-based composites effectively absorbing UHF electromagnetic radiations are carbonyl iron or magnetite, in same cases in combination with graphite or carbon black. At the same time in sinter plants of the extraction ferrous metallurgy, after gas cleaning equipment (electrostatic precipitators (ESP)) up to thousand tons of waste powder have been generated annually. The X-ray diffraction analysis shows that powder contains mainly magnetite. In the present research on the base of waste sinter powder a filler modified with carbon was obtained. The rubber-based composites with different concentration of modified and nonmodified fillers were produced. The vulcanization, physico-mechanical, electrical, and microwave properties of the obtained rubber-based composites were measured and evaluated. The results show that the modified fillers usage improves microwave characteristics, strength-deformation properties, and aging stability.
Job insecurity influence on job performance and mental health: Testing the moderating effect of the need for closure
Authors: Chirumbolo Antonio , Areni Alessandra
Published: March 2010

The moderating effect of the need for closure in the relationship between job insecurity, job performance and mental health was investigated. The need for closure refers to a motivated need for certainty, intolerance of ambiguity and preference for predictability. It was argued that the need for closure may function as a psychological moderator in dealing with job insecurity. Participants comprised 287 workers, who were administered a self-reported questionnaire. Results confirmed the negative relationship between job insecurity, performance and mental health. The need for closure was positively related to job performance and unrelated to mental health. More interestingly, the need for closure exhibited multifaceted patterns of interactions with the different components of job insecurity. Higher need for closure revealed a buffering effect in conditions of higher quantitative job insecurity. In this case, individuals high (vs low) in the need for closure reported better job performance and mental health. Conversely, when qualitative job insecurity was higher, individuals high (vs low) in the need for closure reported an impaired job performance and mental health.
Religion and Attitudes Toward Divorce Laws Among U.S. Adults
Authors: Stokes Charles E. , Ellison Christopher G.
Published: March 2010

This study examines religious differences in attitudes toward divorce laws among U.S. adults. Using pooled data from the 2000-2006 NORC General Social Surveys ( N = 5,683), we find that frequency of religious attendance and belief that the Bible is the Word of God are strong predictors of support for stricter laws governing divorce. Indeed, these religious indicators are much more important than conservative affiliation. Conversely, more secular individuals, that is, those who do not attend religious services and consider the Bible only a book of fables and moral teachings, are substantially less supportive of tightening existing divorce laws. Understanding the role of religion in shaping Americans’ attitudes toward divorce laws can illuminate the scope and boundaries of connections between the institutions of marriage and religion in the contemporary United States as well as inform policy implications for the future of divorce law reform.
The challenge of validation: Assessing the performance of a test of productive vocabulary
Authors: Fitzpatrick Tess , Clenton Jon
Published: March 2010

This paper assesses the performance of a vocabulary test designed to measure second language productive vocabulary knowledge.The test, Lex30, uses a word association task to elicit vocabulary, and uses word frequency data to measure the vocabulary produced. Here we report firstly on the reliability of the test as measured by a test-retest study, a parallel test forms experiment and an internal consistency measure. We then investigate the construct validity of the test by looking at changes in test performance over time, analyses of correlations with scores on similar tests, and comparison of spoken and written test performance. Last, we examine the theoretical bases of the two main test components: eliciting vocabulary and measuring vocabulary. Interpretations of our findings are discussed in the context of test validation research literature. We conclude that the findings reported here present a robust argument for the validity of the test as a research tool, and encourage further investigation of its validity in an instructional context.
Epidemiological-based childhood headache natural history study: After an interval of six years
Authors: Ozge Aynur , Sasmaz Tayyar , Cakmak Sema Erol , Kaleagasi Hakan , Siva Aksel
Published: March 2010

Headache is a common problem among adolescents, and variations can be observed in headache types and characteristics. The present study aimed to reach 5562 Turkish children who were investigated six years previously in a school-based childhood headache project, and to evaluate their current headache status. Investigators interviewed the available students with structured questionnaires. New and old data were matched and analyzed. The present study included 1155 adolescents (mean age 15.2 ± 1.1 years), with 582 boys (50.4%) and 573 girls (49.6%). The prevalence of headache was 78.7% (tension-type headache [TTH] 57.5%, migraine 18.6%, unspecified 2.6%). The prevalence of headache was 45.2% six years previously. In the intervening six years, headache prevalence increased and the headache types changed significantly (Kappa: 0.04, p < .01). The most important variation during this time was the significant increase in TTH. Analgesic use was determined in 70.2% of adolescents with headache, with this ratio being higher in migraineurs. In conclusion, there were an increase in headache prevalence and a significant change in headache types over the previous six years. It can also be suggested that new country-based management strategies are required.
Migraine with aura with onset in childhood and adolescence: Long-term natural history and prognostic factors
Authors: Termine C , Ferri M , Livetti G , Beghi E , Salini S , Mongelli A , Blangiardo R , Luoni C , Lanzi G , Balottin U
Published: March 2010

The long-term course of migraine with aura (MA) has been poorly explored. The present 11-year follow-up study assessed the long-term natural history and possible prognostic factors of MA with onset in childhood or adolescence. Patients were recruited from the original case records of our department, which are specifically designed to report all headache characteristics, aura symptoms and electroencephalogram (EEG) findings. A total of 77 patients (47 females; 30 males) whose records contained detailed descriptions of both headache and aura symptoms apparently meeting the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD)-II criteria for MA (i.e., 1.2.1, 1.2.2, 1.2.6) underwent structured face-to-face follow-up headache interviews, all of which were conducted by the same neurologist, who has particular expertise in this field. A multivariate model (logistic regression analysis) was used to investigate the association between possible prognostic factors and the remission of both aura and headache at follow-up. The results of our study showed that 23.4% of the MA patients were headache-free at follow-up, 44.1% still had MA and 32.5% had a transformed headache diagnosis (i.e., fulfilling the criteria for ICHD-II 1.1. or 2). Patients with basilar-type migraine (1.2.6) showed the highest headache remission rate (38.5%).

Our study seems to show that migraine with typical aura (1.2.1–1.2.2) is associated with a favourable evolution of aura symptoms over time (remission of aura in 54.1% of patients). Subjects experiencing only visual aura had a lower remission rate compared with those with visual ± sensory ± aphasic aura symptoms (36.8% vs. 61.5%, p = 0.054). A short headache duration (<12 hrs) and the presence of EEG abnormalities at baseline were the only significant predictors of aura remission at follow-up (odds ratio [OR] = 9.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.79 ± 46.51, and OR = 4.76, 95% CI: 1.18 ± 19.15, respectively). No significant predictors of headache remission were found.

In conclusion, our results suggest that MA shows a favourable course. Further prospective studies with detailed EEG analysis both at baseline and at follow-up are needed in order to confirm the possible prognostic role of EEG abnormalities in MA. That said, it would, in our opinion, be highly premature at present to submit children with MA to EEG examinations for prognostication purposes.
No association between essential tremor and migraine: A case-control study
Authors: Barbanti Piero , Fabbrini Giovanni , Aurilia Cinzia , Defazio Giovanni , Colosimo Carlo , Berardelli Alfredo
Published: March 2010

Essential tremor (ET) and migraine headache are considered comorbid diseases on the basis of uncontrolled studies. We investigated the frequency of migraine in patients with ET by enrolling 110 patients with ET and 110 age- and sex-matched healthy controls in a case-control study. We found no significant differences in the frequency of lifetime and current migraine between patients and controls, even in patients stratified for age. Tremor had similar clinical features in patients with ET with and without migraine except that females predominated in patients with ET and migraine. Migraine also had similar characteristics in both patients with ET and migraine and in controls with migraine. Our study excludes a comorbid association between ET and migraine. When ET and migraine coexist their clinical phenotype and evolution remain almost unchanged.
Prevalence of typical migraine aura without headache in Japanese ophthalmology clinics
Authors: Aiba Saiko , Tatsumoto Muneto , Saisu Akihiro , Iwanami Hisatake , Chiba Keizou , Senoo Tadashi , Hirata Koichi
Published: March 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of typical aura without headache (TAWH) in Japan. We distributed a self-report questionnaire comprising seven items. Of 1914 cases, the number of patients who provided valid answers was 1063. They included 1063 out-patients with 81 of these patients positive in the ID migraine screener Japanese version. TAWH was diagnosed in 35 patients (3.2%), aged 23–87 years, and included 12 males and 23 females. The age of patients with TAWH showed a biphasic distribution (20–39 years and 60–69 years), similar to the age distribution of all patients. Migraine with aura was diagnosed in 67 patients (6.3%) and showed a monophasic age distribution (40–49 years). These data suggest that TAWH is not a rare headache type in clinics especially in a setting of general ophthalmology clinics, and some patients of migraine with aura may transform to TAWH with ageing.
Diet restriction in migraine, based on IgG against foods: A clinical double-blind, randomised, cross-over trial
Authors: Alpay Kadriye , Ertaş Mustafa , Orhan Elif Kocasoy , Üstay Didem Kanca , Lieners Camille , Baykan Betül
Published: March 2010

Introduction: It is well-known that specific foods trigger migraine attacks in some patients. We aimed to investigate the effect of diet restriction, based on IgG antibodies against food antigens on the course of migraine attacks in this randomised, double blind, cross-over, headache-diary based trial on 30 patients diagnosed with migraine without aura.

Methods: Following a 6-week baseline, IgG antibodies against 266 food antigens were detected by ELISA. Then, the patients were randomised to a 6-week diet either excluding or including specific foods with raised IgG antibodies, individually. Following a 2-week diet-free interval after the first diet period, the same patients were given the opposite 6-week diet (provocation diet following elimination diet or vice versa). Patients and their physicians were blinded to IgG test results and the type of diet (provocation or elimination). Primary parameters were number of headache days and migraine attack count. Of 30 patients, 28 were female and 2 were male, aged 19–52 years (mean, 35 ± 10 years).

Results: The average count of reactions with abnormally high titre was 24 ± 11 against 266 foods. Compared to baseline, there was a statistically significant reduction in the number of headache days (from 10.5 ± 4.4 to 7.5 ± 3.7; P < 0.001) and number of migraine attacks (from 9.0 ± 4.4 to 6.2 ± 3.8; P < 0.001) in the elimination diet period.

Conclusion: This is the first randomised, cross-over study in migraineurs, showing that diet restriction based on IgG antibodies is an effective strategy in reducing the frequency of migraine attacks.
Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Ghazvini Patty , Pagan Luis C. , Rutledge Toby K. , Goodman H. Stewart
Published: March 2010

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease with recurring episodes of itching and a chronic relapsing course. The prevalence of AD has increased exponentially over the years, along with information on how it may occur. Diagnosis of AD is typically based on physical examination and history and may be confirmed based on chronicity of symptoms, itching, and age-specific morphology. Nonpharmacological approaches include psychological interventions such as behavior modification, stress reduction techniques, and group psychotherapeutic treatments or may also include dietary restrictions, ultraviolet (UV) phototherapy, house dust mite reduction, and avoidance of enzyme-enriched detergents. Herbal therapy has also showed some promise particularly Zemaphyte®, Kamillosan®, and Shiunko®. Pharmacological agents that show great efficacy include emollients, topical corticosteroids, and topical calcineurin inhibitors.
The preclinical toxicology of salmeterol hydroxynaphthoate
Authors: Owen K. , Beck SL , Damment SJP
Published: March 2010

An extensive toxicology programme on salmeterol hydroxynaphthoate (SereventTM), a marketed long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonist, has been carried out. The studies evaluated both the local (respiratory tract) and systemic tolerance to single and repeated dosing, effects on all stages of reproduction, as well as the genotoxic and oncogenic potential. High acute doses were well tolerated and caused no specific target organ toxicity. In repeat dose studies, animals tolerated salmeterol very well both locally and systemically. No significant effects on the respiratory tract of dogs were seen and only minor laryngeal changes, typical of those occurring with many inhaled medicines, were noted in rats. The high systemic concentrations achieved resulted in a number of changes that are considered to be the result of excessive and prolonged β2-adrenoceptor stimulation. These included tachycardia, skeletal muscle hypertrophy and minor haematological and blood biochemical changes in general toxicity studies, foetal effects in rabbit organogenesis studies and increased incidences of smooth muscle tumours of the mesovarium in the rat and of the uterus in the mouse oncogenicity studies. Salmeterol showed no evidence of any genotoxic potential. Results of the extensive toxicology programme provide good assurance of the safety for the inhaled use of salmeterol in patients; this has ben confirmed by many years of clinical experience during its development and marketing.
Anger, Attitudes, and Aggressive Behavior: Exploring the Affective and Cognitive Foundations of Angry Aggression
Authors: Brezina Timothy
Published: March 2010

Although general strain theory highlights the role of affective processes in the development of offending behavior, the theory also recognizes the role of cognition. In fact, Agnew and other theorists assert that affective and cognitive processes are interrelated and function together in producing crime and delinquency. In the case of aggression, for example, chronic strain/anger may distort the individual’s attitudes, expand the “regulative rules” associated with aggressive behavior, and increase the perceived legitimacy of a violent response. In this study, the author conducts an empirical examination of this argument using data from a national survey of male adolescents. The findings help to shed light on the affective and cognitive foundations of angry aggression; they not only confirm the key role assigned to angry arousal but also indicate that such arousal leads individuals to devalue nonaggressive responses to various provocations. Implications for criminological theory are discussed.
Instructional Blogging in the General Music Room
Authors: Kerstetter Kathleen
Published: March 2010

Blogs, short for Weblogs, began to show up in the late 1990s, based on online discussion boards centered on threaded topics. Currently, a blog typically refers to a Web site in which an individual posts entries and then allows for commentary from the readers. If scholars look to some educational theory, both novice and experienced bloggers can use existing frameworks to help create meaningful experiences in their general music classrooms. In addition, blogging gives students an audience and provides them an authentic reason to write about music and musical experiences.
Delusions and Qualitative Confusions: A Dialogic Collaborative Exploration
Authors: Patterson Sue E. , Hart Jozella , Weaver Tim D.
Published: March 2010

In this article we describe the application of a dialogic collaborative process (DCP) to the exploration of issues arising from our own interview-based research in populations prone to delusions. We used the DCP to investigate and develop a shared understanding of ethical and epistemological tensions and their potential influence on the research process. Although our meaning making involved agreement to disagree in relation to specific issues, we are united in the view that full reporting and individual and team reflexivity are the hallmarks of quality for research with these populations. In a context in which qualitative research is increasingly conducted by multidisciplinary and hierarchical teams, we take the view that the DCP offers an effective and efficient means to construct evidence-based knowledge. However, we caution that to maximize benefits, the process must be underpinned by individual and collective active self-awareness and clarity about the commitment of each participant in the dialogue.
Employed Mothers’ Worker Ideology and Social Support Network Composition
Authors: Mudry Tanya , Eastlick Kushner Kaysi , Neufeld Anne
Published: March 2010

The purpose of this ethnographic study was to examine employed mothers’ social support network composition in relation to their orientation to worker ideology. A reanalysis of data from two longitudinal, interview studies was conducted. Ecomaps were developed to depict women’s social support network composition, revealing five types of support sources: household family, nonhousehold family, friends and neighbors, workplace, and formal services. A typology of diverse, restricted, and mixed networks, reflecting patterns in availability, consistency, and types of support sources, was identified and analyzed in relation to women’s orientation to worker ideology. Women with innovator or conformist orientations to worker ideology tended to have mixed or diverse networks. Women with a conformist orientation did not utilize formal services but tended to have a supportive workplace. Most of the women who transitioned into an innovator orientation had available, consistent support, most notably from household family.
Experience-Based, Body-Anchored Qualitative Research Interviewing
Authors: Stelter Reinhard
Published: March 2010

Two theoretical constructs that lay the foundation for experience-based, body-anchored interviewing are presented: the first-person perspective and the concept of meaning. These theoretical concepts are concretized, first, by means of a methodological framework for experience-based, body-anchored interviewing, and second, by an interview guide that explores a research participant’s personal experience with mindfulness meditation. An excerpt from an interview is discussed to illustrate the advantages of this interview form, namely its value as a methodological instrument for qualitative research in areas such as traditional and holistic medicine, Western alternative and complementary medicine, nursing, psychotherapy, coaching, physiotherapy, movement arts, and physical education.
Use of Sustained Release Oral Morphine as a Bridge in Withdrawal of Morphine in Patients on High Doses of Oral Immediate Release Morphine for Cancer Pain
Authors: Ahmed Arif , Khurana Himanshu , Gogia Vikas , Mishra Seema , Bhatnagar Sushma
Published: March 2010

According to World Health Organization (WHO), cancer pain can be controlled effectively with oral morphine in up to 90% of patients. Due to advancement in anticancer therapy and early presentation of cancer patients, the likelihood of cure is on an increasing trend. Awareness and education in the use of oral morphine, and easier regulations in procurement of oral morphine for use in cancer pain has lead to prescription of oral morphine to more patients earlier in pain therapy. In many patients, resolution of disease occurs and it becomes necessary to withdraw morphine. Guidance for starting medications is fairly easily obtained, but it is difficult to find information about switching or discontinuing opioids. The initial decrease in dose is well tolerated by the patient but the last few steps of complete withdrawal are difficult. We present 2 cases where the sustained release oral morphine was used as a bridge to withdraw immediate release oral morphine successfully in 2 patients after resolution of disease.
Use of Epidural Steroid as an Adjuvant in Neuropathic Cancer Pain Management: A Case Report
Authors: Mishra Seema , Shiv Pratap Singh Rana  , Surjya Prasad Upadhyay  , Bhatnagar Sushma
Published: March 2010

The complexity of pain and pain care is such that there may come a point in the treatment of a patient with pain when a simple approach to management is no longer possible. The proverbial analgesic ladder can be rapidly overtaken when attempting palliative management of long-term or severe end-of-life pain. Epidural steroid injection is frequently used procedure in chronic back pain of neuropathic origin in nonmalignant cases. This case report implicates the use of epidural steroid for the management of severe neuropathic symptoms including allodynia and hyperalgesia in the setting of cancer pain and palliative care.
“What Are You Doing After School?”
Authors: Carter Erik W. , Swedeen Beth , Moss Colleen K. , Pesko Matthew J.
Published: March 2010

The school activities, social relationships, and leadership opportunities youth with disabilities experience outside of the classroom can make important contributions to positive adolescent development and successful transitions to adult life. Unfortunately, many high school students with disabilities are not accessing or benefiting from the rich experiences and important learning experiences offered through extracurricular clubs and activities. This article examines common challenges to extracurricular participation and outlines steps school staff can take to ensure that students with disabilities participate fully and meaningfully in these activities.
Suggestions for Implementing a Content Mastery Center
Authors: Jenkins Amelia
Published: March 2010

The content mastery center (CMC) model is responsive to the federal requirements of providing access to the general education curriculum for students with disabilities and allowing special education teachers to meet the highly qualified requirement by providing consultation and support services in the content areas. The CMC model has been implemented in schools since the mid-1980s, however, there is little literature on this service delivery model. This article provides an overview of the CMC model, with suggestions and examples for others who are implementing or considering implementing the program. Information from various sources is synthesized to provide an overview of the CMC model, including (a) goals, (b) program structure and organization, (c) instructional services provided to students, (d) responsibilities of general and special educators, and (e) record-keeping procedures.
Experimental and Computational Modeling of Low Cycle Fatigue Damage of CFRP Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Khan A.R. , Al-Gadhib A.H. , Baluch M.H.
Published: March 2010

Improvement in the short-term behavior of deficient reinforced concrete beams is very well known through extensive testing of reinforced concrete beams strengthened by externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer strips. However, long-term performance of such beams needs to be assessed before the method can gain full acceptance. Prominent modes of failure in strengthened reinforced concrete beams reported in literature are concrete crushing in compression, carbon fiber reinforced polymer plate rupturing in tension and peeling of the carbon fiber reinforced polymer plate due to high interfacial shear and peeling stresses at the plate cut-off point. Modeling of the overall system of strengthened reinforced concrete beams requires modeling of the individual components that ultimately leads to failure i.e., concrete, carbon fiber reinforced polymer and concrete - carbon fiber reinforced polymer. Component elasto-damage constitutive models are developed for concrete crushing, carbon fiber reinforced polymer rupture and concrete-carbon fiber reinforced polymer interface failure, calibrated by data from both suitably designed experiments and from experiments reported in literature, and are utilized to investigate the low cycle fatigue behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened by carbon fiber reinforced polymer strips. The predictive ability of the model is tested by comparison to data from two different beam strengthening schemes i.e., with end anchorage and without end anchorage.
Filial Therapy With Monolingual Spanish-Speaking Mothers: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Varunee Faii Sangganjanavanich  , Cook Katrina , Rangel-Gomez Maria
Published: March 2010

This article describes a phenomenological study of filial therapy with monolingual, Spanish-speaking mothers living in the United States. Four mothers participated in a 5-week training in filial therapy. Data from the interviews revealed four emergent themes. These include (a) challenges in integrating play therapy skills in everyday life, (b) empowerment from group support, (c) changes in the mother—child relationship, and (d) impact on the child’s behavior. Multicultural considerations and implications for future research are provided.
Incorporating the Stages of Change Model in Solution Focused Brief Therapy With Non-Substance Abusing Families: A Novel and Integrative Approach
Authors: Kelch Benjamin P. , Demmitt Alan
Published: March 2010

Both the Stages of Change Model (transtheoretical model [TTM]) and solution focused brief therapy (SFBT) are widely used when counseling substance abusing clients, and there is broad support in the literature to document their effectiveness. Likewise, SFBT has also been applied in the martial and family counseling setting with good results. The authors found no documentation in the literature integrating the TTM and SFBT as a therapeutic technique. As both models are widely used, accepted, and have been empirically validated, after reviewing the pertinent literature, the authors propose a methodology incorporating both the TTM and the SFBT when working with non-substance abusing clients and their families.
The Way They Speak: A Social Psychological Perspective on the Stigma of Nonnative Accents in Communication
Authors: Gluszek Agata , Dovidio John F.
Published: March 2010

The present review seeks to bridge research on accents, stigma, and communication by examining the empirical literature on nonnative accents, considering the perspectives of both speakers and listeners. The authors suggest that an accent, or one’s manner of pronunciation, differs from other types of stigma. They consider the role of communicative processes in the manner in which accents influence people and identify social and contextual factors related to accents that affect the speaker, the listener, and the interaction between them. The authors propose a framework of stigma of accents and possible future avenues of research to examine the social psychological and communicative effects of accents. They also discuss implications for stigma of other types of accents (e.g., other native, regional, and ethnic). Understanding how stigma of accents and communication affect each other provides a new theoretical approach to studying this type of stigma and can eventually lead to interventions.
A duplex scan-based morphologic study of the femoral vein: Incidence and patterns of duplication
Authors: Benaduce Casella Ivan , Presti Calógero , Yamazaki Yumiko , Vassoler Alecxander A , Furuya Luiz A , Sabbag Claudio D
Published: March 2010

The presence of femoral vein (FV) duplicity has potential influence in the misdiagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. Also, FVs are suitable vascular substitutes, especially in the substitution of infected prosthetic grafts. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence, anatomic patterns and characteristics of FV duplicity in adult individuals by duplex scan examination. A total of 174 adult individuals were submitted to duplex-scan examinations of both lower limbs. Individuals with duplex signs of present or previous DVT or with poor quality duplex images were excluded from the investigation. The remaining group consisted of 157 individuals (94 females), with a total of 314 limbs studied. Along with the conventional duplex investigation sequence, the FV was scanned both in transversal and longitudinal views. The number, extension and diameter of FVs were documented. It was found that 173 limbs (55.1%) had duplicated FV. Duplicity in the whole femoral extension was noted in 82 (26.1%) limbs, and out of these only 28 (8.9% of the overall number) had accessory veins with a diameter approximate to (at least 75%) the main FV. Partial (distal or proximal) duplications were seen in 89 (28.3%) limbs. A third FV was present in 28 limbs. As a possible vascular substitute, 99.0% of the main FVs and 25.4% of the accessory veins presented diameters superior to 6 mm, a suitable value for iliac substitution. In conclusion, FV duplicity is frequent, and occurred in 55% of all limbs studied. However, complete extension duplicated veins with similar diameters was an uncommon condition, noticed in fewer than 10% of limbs.
Adenoviral-mediated overexpression of DDAH improves vascular tone regulation
Authors: Torondel Belen , Nandi Manasi , Kelly Peter , Wojciak-Stothard Beata , Fleming Ingrid , Leiper James
Published: March 2010

Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) degrades asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenously produced nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor. In mammals, two isoforms of DDAH, DDAH1 and DDAH2, are expressed in the cardiovascular system, suggesting that ADMA concentrations are actively regulated in blood vessels, raising the possibility that cardiovascular metabolism of ADMA constitutes a novel mechanism for the regulation of NO production. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of DDAH-catalyzed asymmetric methylarginine metabolism in the regulation of vascular function. We developed adenoviral vectors for the expression of human DDAH1 and 2. Overexpression of DDAH1 or 2 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) increases DDAH activity, reduces ADMA concentrations and increases NO production. Similarly, overexpression of DDAH1 or 2 in DDAH1+/ — mice carotid vessels increases NO production and attenuates the response to phenylephrine (PE), enhances acetylcholine (ACh) relaxation and attenuates the effect of exogenously applied ADMA. Finally, overexpression of either DDAH1 or 2 completely reversed the vascular dysfunction seen in DDAH1+/— mice. These data indicate that basal concentrations of ADMA in blood vessels are sufficient to regulate NO production, that increases in the level of either DDAH1 or 2, improves vascular function and that overexpression of either DDAH1 or 2 is sufficient to compensate for life-long exposure to elevated ADMA. Thus, therapeutic manipulation of DDAH expression or activity may represent a novel approach to improve vascular dysfunction in various cardiovascular diseases.
Two-stage Stochastic Optimization for the Allocation of Medical Assets in Steady-state Combat Operations
Authors: Fulton Lawrence V. , Lasdon Leon S. , McDaniel Reuben R. , Coppola M. Nicholas
Published: March 2010

In this study we describe a stochastic optimization model for the relocation of deployable military hospitals, the reallocation of hospital beds, and the emplacement of tactical medical evacuation assets (medical evacuation helicopters and ground ambulances) during steady-state military combat operations (stability operations). The network model is built around an intuitive objective function, one that is derived from military doctrine. The objective to be minimized is the time traveled, weighted by patient severity, from the evacuation site to the point of injury and onward to the hospital location. The optimal solution also determines the number of air and ground ambulances and the hospital beds of each type required at each selected site. Since future casualty locations, numbers, and severities are uncertain, this information is treated as a number of casualty scenarios with assigned scenario probabilities. The number, location, and severities of casualties can be randomly generated, or provided as part of a planning process. The model then seeks a single set of hospital and vehicle locations, plus the paths the evacuation assets should take in each scenario, which minimize expected travel time over all scenarios. The scenario generator is based on realistic historical data from Operation Iraqi Freedom. Since mobile hospitals provide the primary surgical treatment intervention while dedicated ground and air evacuation assets provide the transportation along evacuation paths, the study objective is important for military medical planners, especially those involved in tactical medical evacuation and treatment planning.
Transactivation of the dopamine receptor 3 gene by a single provirus integration results in development of B-cell lymphoma in transgenic mice generated from retrovirally transduced embryonic stem cells
Authors: Hirata Yumi , Hamanaka Sanae , Onodera Masafumi
Published: March 2010

Gene transfer vectors based on retroviruses are commonly used in gene therapy applications because of their unique ability to integrate efficiently into host genomes. This ability also forms the basis of a transformation event that can be induced in transduced cells by transactivation of proto-oncogenes near the vector integration sites. Here, we report on the development of lymphoma in mice generated from embryonic stem cells transduced with an enhanced green fluorescent protein. The cells expressed B220, CD5, Mac1, and IgM on their surfaces and expressed transcription factors characteristic of B-cell lymphoma. Importantly, each mouse had a single copy of the provirus in its genome; the copy was integrated into the second intron of the dopamine receptor 3 (D3) gene, and high-level expression of D3 was detected only in the lymphoma cells. Ectopic expression of D3 in murine marrow cells resulted in preferential proliferation of cells at the pre–B-cell stage in response to a D3-specific agonist, but this proliferation was not observed in vivo. Cells cotransduced with D3 and Bcl-xL genes had a phenotype similar to that of lymphoma in vivo, suggesting that the leukemogenesis induced by retroviral integration required “second hit” mutations of additional genes.
The MAPK ERK1 is a negative regulator of the adult steady-state splenic erythropoiesis
Authors: Guihard Soizic , Clay Denis , Cocault Laurence , Saulnier Nathalie , Opolon Paule , Souyri Michèle , Pagès Gilles , Pouysségur Jacques , Porteu Françoise , Gaudry Murielle
Published: March 2010

The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2 are among the main signal transduction molecules, but little is known about their isoform-specific functions in vivo. We have examined the role of ERK1 in adult hematopoiesis with ERK1−/− mice. Loss of ERK1 resulted in an enhanced splenic erythropoiesis, characterized by an accumulation of erythroid progenitors in the spleen, without any effect on the other lineages or on bone marrow erythropoiesis. This result suggests that the ablation of ERK1 induces a splenic stress erythropoiesis phenotype. However, the mice display no anemia. Deletion of ERK1 did not affect erythropoietin (EPO) serum levels or EPO/EPO receptor signaling and was not compensated by ERK2. Splenic stress erythropoiesis response has been shown to require bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4)–dependent signaling in vivo and to rely on the expansion of a resident specialized population of erythroid progenitors, termed stress erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-Es). A great expansion of stress BFU-Es and increased levels of BMP4 mRNA were found in ERK1−/− spleens. The ERK1−/− phenotype can be transferred by bone marrow cells. These findings show that ERK1 controls a BMP4-dependent step, regulating the steady state of splenic erythropoiesis.