bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth and Flowering Responses of Cut Chrysanthemum Grown under Restricted Root Volume to Irrigation Frequency
Authors: Taweesak Viyachai , Lee Abdullah Thohirah , Hassan Siti Aishah , Kamarulzaman Nitty Hirawaty , Wan Yusoff Wan Abdullah
Published: November 2014

Influences of irrigation frequency on the growth and flowering of chrysanthemum grown under restricted root volume were tested. Chrysanthemum cuttings (Chrysanthemum morifolium“Reagan White”) were grown in seedling tray which contained coconut peat in volumes of 73 and 140 cm3. Plants were irrigated with drip irrigation at irrigation frequencies of 4 (266 mL), 6 (400 mL), and 8 (533 mL) times/day to observe their growth and flowering performances. There was interaction between irrigation frequency and substrate volume on plant height of chrysanthemum. Plants grown in 140 cm3substrates and irrigated 6 times/day produced the tallest plant of 109.25 cm. Plants irrigated 6 and 8 times/day had significantly higher level of phosphorus content in their leaves than those plants irrigated 4 times/day. The total leaf area, number of internodes, leaf length, and leaf width of chrysanthemums grown in 140 cm3substrate were significantly higher than those grown in 73 cm3substrate. The numbers of flowers were affected by both irrigation frequencies and substrate volumes. Chrysanthemums irrigated 8 times/day had an average of 19.56 flowers while those irrigated 4 times/day had an average of 16.63 flowers. Increasing irrigation frequency can improve the growth and flowering of chrysanthemums in small substrate volumes.
The Efficacy of Jing Wan Hong Ointment for Nerve Injury Diabetic Foot Ulcer and Its Mechanisms
Authors: Jin Shumei , Zhang Mixia , Gao Yan , Zhang Xuebin , Cui Guangzhi , Zhang Yanjun
Published: November 2014

Jing Wan Hong ointment contains 30 kinds of Chinese herbs, with functions of activating blood circulation to disperse blood stasis, clearing heat, eliminating dampness, and reducing swelling by detoxification. Therefore, Jing Wan Hong ointment may facilitate the healing of ulcers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and mechanisms of Jing Wan Hong ointment for healing diabetic foot ulceration in Wistar rats induced by streptozotocin and sciatic nerve damage. The results showed that Jing Wan Hong ointment had a marked effect on foot ulcers in diabetic rats induced by initial nerve injury. These effects were manifested by reducing the foot ulcer size and Wagner grade after seven days of treatment. The diabetic rats with foot ulcers were almost healed after 21 days of treatment. Moreover, the mechanisms of this effect seem to be dependent on increased expression of PDGF mRNA, but there was no influence on the expression of TGF-β, VEGF, and FLT-1 mRNA.
DSMC: A Novel Distributed Store-Retrieve Approach of Internet Data Using MapReduce Model and Community Detection in Big Data
Authors: Xu Xu , Zhao Jia , Xu Gaochao , Ding Yan , Dong Yunmeng
Published: November 2014

The processing of big data is a hotspot in the scientific research. Data on the Internet is very large and also very important for the scientific researchers, so the capture and store of Internet data is a priority among priorities. The traditional single-host web spider and data store approaches have some problems such as low efficiency and large memory requirement, so this paper proposes a big data store-retrieve approach DSMC (distributed store-retrieve approach using MapReduce model and community detection) based on distributed processing. Firstly, the distributed capture method using MapReduce to deduplicate big data is presented. Secondly, the storage optimization method is put forward; it uses the hash functions with light-weight characteristics and the community detection to address the storage structure and solve the data retrieval problems. DSMC has achieved the high performance of large web data comparison and storage and gets the efficient data retrieval at the same time. The experimental results show that, in the Cloudsim platform, comparing with the traditional web spider, the proposed DSMC approach shows better efficiency and performance.
Stability of a Class of Fractional-Order Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Li Tianzeng , Wang Yu
Published: November 2014

In this letter stability analysis of fractional order nonlinear systems is studied. Some new sufficient conditions on the local (globally) asymptotic stability for a class of fractional order nonlinear systems with order0<α<2are proposed by using properties of Mittag-Leffler function and the Gronwall inequality. And the corresponding stabilization criteria are also given. The numerical simulations of two systems with order0<α<1and two systems with order1<α<2illustrate the effectiveness and universality of the proposed approach.
Risk Factors for Periacetabular Osteolysis and Wear in Asymptomatic Patients with Uncemented Total Hip Arthroplasties
Authors: Sandgren Buster , Crafoord Joakim , Olivecrona Henrik , Garellick Göran , Weidenhielm Lars
Published: November 2014

Osteolysis is a silent disease leading to aseptic loosening. This has not been studied in a cohort of asymptomatic patients. The aim of this study was to detect factors that might be associated with the development of periacetabular osteolysis and wear around an uncemented cup. We assessed 206 patients with an uncemented cup, measuring wear and periacetabular osteolysis using computed tomography with a median follow-up of 10 years after surgery (range 7–14 years). EQ5D, pain from the hip, and satisfaction were assessed. The association between periacetabular osteolysis and wear, age, gender, activity, BMI, cup type, cup age, positioning of the cup, and surface coating was investigated with a proportional odds model. Wear and male gender were associated with an increased risk for periacetabular osteolysis. There was no association with periacetabular osteolysis for time from operation, patient age, UCLA Activity Score, liner thickness at time of operation, BMI, cup positioning, and type of implant. A thin liner at time of operation is correlated to increased wear. Linear wear rate was 0.18 mm/year and 46 of 206 patients had large periacetabular osteolysis. Asymptomatic patients with these implants should be followed up on a regular basis with a sensitive method such as CT in order to detect complications early.
Popular Resistance in the Persianate World: Subalterns, Outlaws, and Radicals in the Long Nineteenth Century
Authors: Kazemi Ranin
Published: November 2014

This introduction provides a general context for the papers collected in the following symposium. Focused broadly on social protest and resistance in the eastern Islamic lands during the nineteenth century, these articles provide a rare glimpse of grass roots activism and unrest that were so common throughout this world region in a very momentous period of transition. The acts of resistance explained and analyzed here targeted the structure and relations of power that emerged after the advent of new capital and modern state formation. They also shared other common or comparable features in their specific forms and nature, the diversity of groups that participated in them, the social networking that made them possible, the strategies and tactics employed by actors on the ground, and ultimately the language and ideology of dissent.
Payment for Oncolytics in the United States: A History of Buy and Bill and Proposals for Reform
Authors: Polite Blase N. , Ward Jeffery C. , Cox John V. , Morton Roscoe F. , Hennessy John , Page Ray D. , Conti Rena M.
Published: November 2014

The authors review and discuss the opportunities and challenges raised by policy options for Average Sales Price reform or replacement.
Analysis of Options for Managing Democratic Ethnic Competition and Conflicts: the Nigerian Experience
Authors: Festus Imuetinyan
Published: November 2014

Ethnicity has been constructively attacked from the perspective of conflict management and constitutional engineering within several countries in Africa. African leaders have recognized the problem of ethnicity and have sought to address it through many and varied schemes. This paper analyses some of these devices that address democratic ethnic competition and conflicts. The transformation of ethnicity in Nigeria has been enhanced by a variety of ethnic management constitutional devices. Several options ( de jure or de facto ) to operate multi-ethnic democracy have been tried in Nigeria. Among which includes federalism, tenure limit, geo-political zoning and rotation of power, constitutionally prescribed party systems and electoral systems. The finding is that these practices have been efficacious in mitigating the intense ethnic conflict that has dominated Nigerian politics since independence. They permit the expression of ethnic differences in constructive ways, thus making Nigeria, a good example in the management of democratic ethnic competition and conflicts.
The Demons of Carpi: Exorcism, Witchcraft, and the Inquisition in a Seventeenth-Century Convent
Authors: Watt Jeffrey R.
Published: November 2014

In den späten 1630er Jahren gerieten vierzehn Frauen im Kloster Santa Chiara in Carpi bei Modena aufgrund ihres merkwürdigen Verhaltens in Verdacht, vom Teufel besessen zu sein. Während des daraufhin eingeleiteten Exorzismus hörten die Priester aus dem Mund der Frauen die sie angeblich beherrschenden Dämonen sprechen und die Namen von zwei Personen nennen, die die Frauen verzaubert haben sollten: Dealta Martinelli, eine unbeliebte Nonne, und Fra Angelo Bellacappa, der ehemalige Beichtvater der Nonnen. Bei ihren Vernehmungen durch die Inquisition von Modena lieferten die Exorzisten detaillierte Beweise dafür, daß die Frauen Opfer sowohl von Teufelsbesessenheit als auch von Hexerei waren. Auch die vernommenen Nonnen hatten die zeitgenössischen Annahmen über Hexerei und Besessenheit internalisiert. Die angeblich besessenen Frauen kooperierten aktiv mit den Exorzisten, indem sie den Exorzismus als das einzige Mittel für die Besserung ihres Zustandes ansahen. Nur die Kardina ¨ le der Heiligen Kongregation in Rom waren skeptisch, verwarfen die Hexenanklagen und machten die Exorzisten für die entstandene Panik verantwortlich.
WHAT IS THE ROLE BODY SWAY DEVIATION AND BODY SWAY VELOCITY PLAY IN POSTURAL STABILITY IN OLDER ADULTS?
Authors: Jančová Všetečková Jitka , Drey Nicholas
Published: November 2014

This cross sectional study focused on how Postural Stability (PS) indicators: body sway deviation (BSD) and body sway velocity (BSV), change with age and their association with levels of social and physical activity. Observational study: 80 older adults (aged: 60–96) were purposefully recruited from two sources: the University of the Third Age (TAU) (n = 35) and a residential care home (CH) (n = 45). Differences in the indicators of PS, approximated through Centre of Pressure (COP) measurements, were assessed by the Romberg Stance Test (Test A) subsequently repeated on 10 cm foam surface (Test B), using a Kistler® Dynamometric Platform. The RCH Group was older, had higher BMI and was less socially and physically active, showed more body sway in all indicators compared to TAU group. For all participants body sway velocity (BSV) was significantly correlated with age. The strength of correlation of body sway deviation (BSD) with age was also significant but not as strong. The findings indicate in line with previous studies that deterioration in BSV is associated with poor PS more than deterioration in BSD.
THE EFFECT OF FETAL CALF SERUM ON HUMAN DENTAL PULP STEM CELLS
Authors: Suchánek Jakub , Suchánková Kleplová Tereza , Kapitán Martin , Soukup Tomáš
Published: November 2014

Aims: Authors studied potential side effects of fetal calf serum (FCS) in cultivation media on human dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) during long term cultivation. Methods: Two lines of DPSC obtained healthy donors (male 22 years, female 23 years) were used. Both lines were cultivated under standard cultivation conditions in four different media containing 10% or 2% FCS and substituted with growth factors. During long term cultivation proliferation ability, karyotype and phenotype of DPSC were measured. Results: Both lines of DPSC cultivated in a media containing 2% FCS and ITS supplement showed the highest number of population doublings. On the other hand the proliferation rate of DPSC cultivated in a media with 2% FCS without ITS supplement was slowest. Proliferation rate of DPSC cultivated in 10% FCS media with or without FGF-2 was comparable. DPSC cultivated in a media with 10% FCS showed a significantly higher amount of chromosomal aberrations. These chromosomal aberrations do not seem to be clonal but surprisingly we found large amounts of tetraploid cells in the 9th passage in both media containing 10% FCS. Conclusions: Our study proved that cultivation of DPSC in media containing higher concentration of FCS has critical side effects on cell chromosomal stability.
Distribution extension for Anolis pseudokemptoni Köhler, Ponce, Sunyer & Batista, 2007 (Reptilia: Squamata: Dactyloidae), a microendemic species in the Serranía de Tabasará of the Comarca Ngöbe-Buglé of western Panama
Authors: Lotzkat Sebastian , Batista Abel , Ponce Marcos , Hertz Andreas
Published: November 2014

We report new localities for Anolis pseudokemptoni Köhler, Ponce, Sunyer & Batista, 2007, along the Serranía de Tabasará in the Comarca Ngöbe-Buglé of western Panama. These records extend the known geographic distribution of this lizard about 6 km eastward and 9 km northwestward, as well as the known vertical distribution approximately 470 m lower and 380 m higher. We also provide photos of specimens from different localities and comment on their morphology. No population of this Panamanian microendemic species, which is classifiable as Critically Endangered, lives inside a protected area.
Validação preliminar de uma versão do Caregiver Reaction Assessment em um contexto de pacientes oncológicos em internação
Authors: Busatta Suzane Pereira , Ferreira Renata Alexandre , Klumb-Kiesow Luiz Gustavo , Carvalho Hudson W. de
Published: November 2014

Objetivo Adaptar para o Brasil uma versão portuguesa do Caregiver Reaction Assessment (CRA) e gerar indicadores preliminares de validade e fidedignidade para sua aplicação em cuidadores de pacientes oncológicos internados. Métodos Participaram voluntariamente 53 cuidadores, que responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico, ao CRA e à Escala de Bem-Estar Psicológico (EBEP). A unidimensionalidade e a homogeneidade dos escores do CRA foram avaliadas por meio de análise de componentes principais e de consistência interna, respectivamente. Correlações de Pearson entre escores do CRA e EBEP foram examinadas e utilizadas como indicadores de validade divergente e de construto. Resultados As cinco escalas que compõem o CRA apresentaram bons níveis de unidimensionalidade e homogeneidade, porém as escalas de impacto nas finanças e impacto na saúde obtiveram alfas insuficientes (< 0,7). O escore total do CRA apresentou alfa elevado (0,886). Correlações entre o CRA e a EBEP produziram coeficientes teoricamente interpretáveis, com magnitudes variando entre nulas e moderadas. Conclusão O CRA apresentou bons indicadores de validade e fidedignidade. Algumas adaptações em relação ao conteúdo de determinados itens se mostram, todavia, necessárias, a fim de serem calibradas ao contexto de pessoas atendidas por serviços subsidiados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde.
Fatores sociodemográficos e econômicos associados ao tabagismo na população idosa
Authors: Viana Dayane Aparecida , Rodrigues Leiner Resende , Tavares Darlene Mara dos Santos
Published: November 2014

Objetivos Identificar a condição tabágica dos idosos e verificar os fatores sociodemográficos e econômicos associados ao hábito de fumar nessa população. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, transversal, observacional e analítico, com 980 idosos da zona urbana do município de Uberaba-MG. Utilizaram-se os instrumentos Miniexame do Estado Mental (MEEM) e Questionário Brasileiro de Avaliação Funcional e Multidimensional (BOMFAQ). Os idosos foram classificados como tabagistas, ex-tabagistas e não tabagistas de acordo com as Diretrizes para Cessação do Tabagismo. As análises procederam por meio do software SPSS-17. A condição tabágica dos idosos foi descrita por meio de frequências simples e absolutas. Aplicou-se o teste Cramer’s V (p ≤ 0,05) na análise bivariada e em seguida a Regressão Logística Multinomial Múltipla (p ≤ 0,05) ajustados para sexo e faixa etária de acordo com a classificação tabágica. Resultados Encontraram-se 122 (12,4%) idosos tabagistas, 320 (32,7%) ex-tabagistas e 538 (54,9%) não tabagistas. Os idosos tabagistas apresentaram-se com 3,57, 2,36 e 1,82 mais riscos de chances de ser do sexo masculino (p < 0,001), estar na faixa etária de 60 a 69 anos (p = 0,004) e não ter companheiro(a) (p = 0,008), respectivamente. Para os idosos ex-tabagistas, também foi encontrada maior chance de risco (5,34) para o sexo masculino (p < 0,001). Conclusão Os resultados evidenciam que o sexo, a faixa etária e a situação conjugal são fatores associados ao tabagismo na população idosa.
Sweet potato tuberous roots yield under different soil managements
Authors: Rós Amarílis Beraldo , Tavares Filho João , Barbosa Graziela Moraes de Cesare
Published: November 2014

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a produtividade de raízes tuberosas de batata-doce em diferentes sistemas de preparo do solo e épocas de colheita. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas. As parcelas corresponderam a quatro sistemas de preparo do solo: preparo convencional com palha de Urochloa decumbens incorporada e confecção de leiras (PCCP), preparo convencional sem palha e com confecção de leiras (PCSP), preparo reduzido com manutenção de palha na superfície (PRCP) e preparo reduzido sem palha (PRSP); e as subparcelas, a quatro épocas de colheita: 90, 120, 150 e 180 dias após plantio. Entre os sistemas estudados, a cultura da batata-doce apresenta maiores produtividades total e comercial de raízes tuberosas em função de maiores números total e comercial de raízes tuberosas em solo manejado sob preparo convencional, tanto com (PCCP) como sem palha (PCSP). Assim, o preparo convencional do solo é mais adequado ao cultivo da batata-doce.
Velocidade periférica do disco em mecanismos dosadores de sementes de milho e soja
Authors: Dias Vilnei de Oliveira , Alonço Airton dos Santos , Carpes Dauto Pivetta , Veit André Augusto , Souza Lucas Barros de
Published: November 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da velocidade periférica do disco dosador de sementes em mecanismos dosadores pneumáticos e de disco alveolado horizontal, com as culturas do milho e soja, em ensaio de laboratório. Os tratamentos foram compostos por quatro velocidades periféricas (0,09, 0,18, 0,28 e 0,38m s-1) em combinação com quatro mecanismos dosadores (dois pneumáticos de pressão negativa e dois de disco alveolado horizontal) em delineamento blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Os mecanismos foram comparados por teste de médias e, para as velocidades periféricas, traçaram-se equações de regressão. Foram avaliados os percentuais de espaçamentos aceitáveis, múltiplos e falhos entre sementes por meio do espaçamento teórico nominal resultante de cada tratamento. O percentual de espaçamentos aceitáveis reduziu de maneira linear com o aumento da velocidade periférica do disco para ambas as culturas. Para a cultura do milho, os mecanismos dosadores pneumáticos apresentaram resultados superiores aos de disco alveolado nas velocidades periféricas mais elevadas. Para a cultura da soja, os dosadores pneumáticos apresentaram melhor desempenho na média dos tratamentos. De maneira geral, quanto menor a velocidade periférica do disco, melhor a regularidade de distribuição de sementes de milho e soja.
Phenotypic variability in a population of globe artichoke
Authors: Costa Angélica Reolon da , Basso Simone Meredith Scheffer , Grando Magali Ferrari , Cravero Vanina Pamela
Published: November 2014

The existence of variability is a prerequisite for genetic improvement in plants. Globe artichoke is a high nutritious vegetable with medical value, representing a profitable alternative for rural producers. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the phenotypic variability in a commercial cultivar of artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L) established from seeds. Field plants were assessed when primary head reached commercial stage. An amount of 21 quantitative and 5 multicategoric characters were assessed. The quantitative data were submitted to multivariate analysis. For quantitative characters the distance between individuals varied from 3.0 to 50.9, revealing high intrapopulation variability. The greater relative contribution characters for genetic divergence were the primary head fresh mass (79.88%) and bottom fresh mass (8.43%). This indicates the possibility of plant selection for head quality in this population. The clustering analysis through UPGMA method, based on quantitative characters, allowed the formation of five groups. For multicategoric traits, the similarity among individuals varied from 1.22% to 100%. Within the existing population variability, it was possible to select plants with superior quantitative traits desirable for in natura consumption, as primary head fresh weight and length, bottom fresh mass, bract basis length and width, as well as non-quantitative traits as round head shape, absence of thorn and presence of violet color in the head.
Mudanças no uso da terra decorrentes da expansão da cultura da cana-de-açúcar na região oeste do estado de São Paulo
Authors: Lourenzani Wagner Luiz , Caldas Marcellus Marques
Published: November 2014

A demanda por alternativas energéticas tem aumentando a produção mundial de biocombustíveis e, consequentemente, o cultivo das culturas agrícolas. No Brasil, o lançamento dos veículos bicombustíveis propiciou a retomada da importância da produção de etanol e, consequentemente, numa nova fase de expansão do cultivo de cana-de-açúcar. Diversas questões relacionadas à sustentabilidade da produção de biocombustíveis têm sido discutidas na literatura, tais como o efeito na produção de alimentos e na segurança alimentar, o impacto ambiental da mudança do uso da terra e os efeitos sociais no campo. Este trabalho pretende analisar as mudanças no uso da terra na região Oeste Paulista, provocadas pela expansão do cultivo da cana-de-açúcar. Na última década (2003 a 2012), a região Oeste Paulista representou mais da metade da expansão dessa cultura no estado de São Paulo, maior estado produtor brasileiro. O método utilizado foi o Modelo Shift-Share, que, por meio da decomposição da variação das áreas, possibilitou calcular os efeitos escala e substituição das principais atividades em análise. Este trabalho revela que a expansão da cultura da cana-de-açúcar na região estudada ocorreu predominantemente pela substituição de áreas de pastagem e, consequentemente, da atividade pecuária
Dinâmica química, microbiológica e física da silagem de farelo úmido de glúten de milho
Authors: França André Madeira Silveira , Ferreira Isabel Cristina , Hermisdorff Ísis da Costa , Mendonça Eliane Pereira , Fernandes Evandro de Abreu , Rossi Daise Aparecida
Published: November 2014

Objetivou-se avaliar aspectos físico-químicos e microbiológicos do farelo úmido de glúten de milho (FUGM) em função do tempo de ensilagem. O FUGM foi avaliado em silos experimentais e, nos dias um, três, sete, 14, 21, 28 e 42, foram realizadas as avaliações físicas, químicas e microbiológicas da silagem. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições e obtidas equações de regressão em função do tempo. O tempo de ensilagem não afetou (P>0,05) o percentual de fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente ácido, proteína bruta, matéria mineral, extrativos não-nitrogenados, nutrientes digestíveis totais e contagem de clostrídios. Os teores de matéria seca, extrato etéreo, perdas por efluentes, perdas por gases e população de bactérias láticas variaram entre 46,54 e 49,05%; 0,96 e 1,71%; 17,97 e 35,14g kg-1; 1,90 e 5,68% e 5,0 e 6,9log UFCg-1 de silagem, respectivamente, todos com equações com r2≤0,6.O pH (Y=4,12926-0,00894dias+0,00024126dias2,r2=0,75) e a temperatura (Y=19,82657+0,11734dias-0,00502dias2,r2=0,73) tiveram seus menores e maiores valores, respectivamente, em 18,5 e 11,7 dias. A contagem de bolores e leveduras sofreu redução em função do tempo de ensilagem (Y=6,8983-0,0363dias,r2=0,84). A ensilagem permite eficiente conservação dos aspectos químicos, microbiológicos e físicos do FUGM até 42 dias de ensilagem
Occurrence of Hirudinea species in a post urban reach of a Patagonian mountain stream
Authors: Miserendino M. Laura , Gullo Bettina S.
Published: November 2014

Temporal (May 2005 to February 2006) and habitat distribution (pools and riffles) of Hirudinea species was analyzed at a post urban reach from Esquel stream (Chubut province, Patagonia, Argentina). Site was located 5.7 km downstream a Waste Treatment Plant. Mean values of nutrients: ammonia, nitrates and soluble reactive phosphate, as well water conductivity, turbidity and total suspended solids indicated physical and organic pollution. Leeches assemblage was composed by the glossiphonids: Helobdella scutifera Blanchard, 1900, H. michaelseni (Blanchard, 1900), H. simplex (Moore, 1911), Helobdella sp., H. hyalina Ringuelet, 1942, H. obscura Ringuelet, 1942 and the semiscolecid Patagoniobdella variabilis (Blanchard, 1900). From these H. hyalina and H. obscura are new records for Chubut province. Helobdella hyalina (810 ind.m-2) and H. simplex (465 ind. m-2) clearly dominated the assemblage at the reach. Only H. simplex displayed a spatial preference being significantly more abundant in pools than in riffle habitats (p<0.001). Species recruitment occurred mostly at September, December and March when juveniles were very abundant. Although several species of Helobdella were able to live in the disturbed section of the stream, only H. simplex and H. hyalina sustained large populations at the site and can be considered as tolerant to organic enrichment. This information is valuable to future studies on stream condition assessment in mountainous areas in Patagonia, and in other areas in which these species are present.
A new species of Leiostracus (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Orthalicoidea) from Espírito Santo, Brazil
Authors: Salvador Rodrigo B. , Cavallari Daniel C.
Published: November 2014

A remarkable new species of pulmonate land snail was found in the collection of the Senckenberg Forschungninstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt (Frankfurt am Main, Germany) and is described here as Leiostracus faerie sp. nov. It can be easily identified by its small and translucent shell with fine axial light brown bands and its protoconch sculpture. It was collected in the Rio Doce ("Doce River") region in Espírito Santo, Brazil, an area known for a high diversity and endemicity of land snails. This discovery shows how little this fauna is known and reinforces the importance of museum collections in the study of biodiversity and conservation.
Recursos e Competências Organizacionais Distribuídos na Saúde Pública
Authors: Carnasciali Ana Maria dos Santos , Bulgacov Sergio
Published: November 2014

Este trabalho busca contribuir com o entendimento das dificuldades encontradas por organizações com unidades geograficamente distribuídas e que buscam a efetividade no atendimento por meio da distribuição de recursos, em conformidade com as condições geográficas e demográficas, e, neste estudo, especificamente, das populações demandantes dos serviços de saúde. O estudo de caso escolhido é representativo quanto às decisões sobre as políticas de saúde municipal de distribuição de recursos de pessoal, material e equipamentos e serve como referência às dificuldades inerentes a essas decisões. A base do Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) permite a realização de análises espaciais e demográficas e sua relação com os dados referentes à gestão de recursos e competências ali demandados. A análise com o uso da Visão Baseada em Recursos (VBR) adaptada permite a avaliação das condições internas das decisões no sistema em pauta. Os resultados apontam para os limites da avaliação compartilhada ou isolada da distribuição espacial dos recursos que são comprometidos pelas decisões que envolvem essas duas abordagens. Nesse sentido, a avaliação concomitante dos recursos distribuídos associados ao SIG resulta em importante elemento de análise, pois possibilita a identificação dos recursos estratégicos para um adequado atendimento dos propósitos das Unidades Municipais de Saúde de Curitiba, Paraná.
Kids at risk: children's employment in hazardous occupations in Brazil
Authors: DeGraff Deborah S. , Ferro Andrea R. , Levison Deborah
Published: November 2014

While the literature on child labor in Brazil is large, it is not comprehensive: in particular, there are few studies on children's work in risky occupations, and those that exist tend to be qualitative and based on limited samples. In this paper, we aim to paint a broader picture of children's engagement in risky labor force work, based on quantitative evidence from PNAD data. We document associations between parental characteristics and children's work, using both descriptive statistics and multivariate modeling to understand the determinants of child participation in risky labor force work. Brazilian children engaged in risky occupations are less likely than other employed children to be enrolled in school, and more likely to work long hours and experience a variety of working conditions that may be unsafe. Parental education, indicators of household wealth and owning a family farm are particularly strongly associated with the incidence of risky work among children, and girls are over-represented in risky jobs due to their work in domestic service.
Devemos tratar febre em doentes graves? Resumo da evidência atual de três ensaios clínicos randomizados
Authors: Serpa Neto Ary , Pereira Victor Galvão Moura , Colombo Giancarlo , Scarin Farah Christina de la Cruz , Pessoa Camila Menezes Souza , Rocha Leonardo Lima
Published: November 2014

A febre é uma resposta não específica a vários tipos de insultos, de origem infecciosa ou não, e sua importância em doenças continua a ser um enigma. Nosso objetivo foi resumir a evidência atual para o uso de antipiréticos em pacientes graves. Foram realizadas revisão sistemática e meta-análise de publicações entre 1966 e 2013. As bases de dados MEDLINE e CENTRAL foram pesquisadas para estudos sobre antipirese em pacientes graves. A meta-análise restringiu-se a ensaios clínicos randomizados em humanos adultos; pacientes graves; tratamento com antipiréticos em um braço contra placebo ou não tratamento no outro; e dados sobre mortalidade. Os desfechos avaliados foram: mortalidade geral na unidade de terapia intensiva, mudança de temperatura e tempo de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva e no hospital. Três ensaios clínicos randomizados com 320 participantes foram incluídos. Os pacientes tratados com antipiréticos tiveram mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva semelhante aos controles (razão de risco de 0,91, com intervalo de confiança de 95% de 0,65-1,28). A única diferença observada foi uma diminuição na temperatura após 24 horas em pacientes tratados com antipiréticos (-1,70±0,40 x - 0,56±0,25ºC; p=0,014). Não houve diferença entre tratar ou não a febre em pacientes graves.
Criterion-concurrent Validity of Spinal Mobility Tests in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Castro Marcelo P. , Stebbings Simon M. , Milosavljevic Stephan , Bussey Melanie D.
Published: November 2014

Objective.

To examine the level of evidence for criterion-concurrent validity of spinal mobility assessments in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Methods.

Guidelines proposed in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses were used to undertake a search strategy involving 3 sets of keywords: accura*, truth, valid*; ankylosing spondylitis, spondyloarthritis, spondyloarthropathy, spondylarthritis; mobility, spinal measure*, (a further 16 keywords with similar meaning were used). Seven databases were searched from their inception to February 2014: AMED, Embase, ProQuest, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (with modifications) was used to assess the quality of articles reviewed. An article was considered high quality when it received “yes” in at least 9 of the 13 items.

Results.

From the 741 records initially identified, 10 articles were retained for our systematic review. Only 1 article was classified as high quality, and this article suggests that 3 variants of the Schober test (original, modified, and modified-modified) poorly reflect lumbar range of motion where radiographs were used as the reference standard.

Conclusion.

The level of evidence considering criterion-concurrent validity of clinical tests used to assess spinal mobility in patients with AS is low. Clinicians should be aware that current practice when measuring spinal mobility in AS may not accurately reflect true spinal mobility.
Cinq offres d'emploi
Authors: Frioux Dalibor
Published: November 2014

Puissent l’offre et la demande enfin coïncider dans cet espace inattendu.
Savoir trancher
Authors: Message Vincent
Published: November 2014

Se préparer devant la glace. Se laver, se raser, nouer la cravate. Pour ne pas manquer la dernière chance.
99m Tc diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid angiotension-coverting enzyme inhibitor renography as screening test for renovascular hypertension in unilateral small kidney: A prospective study
Authors: ul Hassan Masood , Khan Shoukat , Ashraf Mohd , Najar Saleem , Shaheen Feroz
Published: November 2014

To know the probability of renal artery stenosis (RAS) in unilateral small kidney and function of the unilateral small kidney, which includes glomerular filtration rate, differential function, uptake, Tmax by 99m Tc diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid (DTPA) base and 99m Tc DTPA angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition scan. All our patients were subjected to 99m Tc DTPA ACE inhibition renal scintigraphy. All the patients underwent either computed tomography (CT) angiography and magnetic resonance (MR) angiography was done in those patients in which kidney function test was deranged. Renal angiography was subsequently performed in cases with the suggestion of RAS on CT or MR angiography. The quantitative data was expressed as the arithmetic mean, standard deviation and percentages. The intergroup comparisons for parametric data were done by Student′s t-test, whereas non-parametric data was compared with Mann-Whitney U-test. The intergroup comparisons were made by paired t-test and Wilcoxon sign rank test. P <0.05 was considered to be significant, and data was analyzed by Statistical package for social sciences(SPSS-20) software. Out of 47 patients, 25 patients were in the low probability group out of which none was positive for RAS on CT/MR angiography. Out of 47 patients, 12 were in the intermediate group out of which none was positive for RAS. Ten, out of 47 patients were suspected of high probability for RAS by ACE inhibition scan out of which 4 were positive for RAS by CT/MR angiography including one with bilateral RAS. 99m Tc DTPA angiotension-coverting enzyme inhibitor renography is a safe, non-invasive, sensitive, specific, and cost-effective test for excluding renovascular hypertension in patients who have normal or nearly normal renal function in unilateral small kidney.
Political Development Concept by Looking Briefly at the Iran’s Mohammad Reza Pahlavi Rule
Authors: Karimi Maryam , Darshan Singh Sarjit Singh
Published: November 2014

Concept of political development such as other concepts of political science has a lack of consensus among researchers and scholars. This article is going to review the concept of political development. It begins with an overview on definitions of political development. Presumably, it presents different aspects and characteristics of political development. This article establishes Iran’s efforts towards political development during Mohammad Reza Pahlavi Rule. Moreover, this article concludes that process of political development in Iran was affected by two main theories of political development by some western and Iranian political thinker’s definition on this concept.
More Than “An Elegant Accomplishment”
Authors: Weatherwax Sarah J.
Published: November 2014

This article explores the role of female photographers in the earliest years of photography in Pennsylvania focusing on the life and career of Sarah Garrett Hewes.
The H. Winslow Fegley Collection at the Schwenkfelder Library and Heritage Center
Authors: Perry Candace Kintzer
Published: November 2014

In 1952 ninety-year-old Daisy Gery of Upper Hanover Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, donated photographer Harry Winslow Fegley's glass plate negatives and photographic prints to the Schwenkfelder Historical Library in Pennsburg, Montgomery County. Over the intervening sixty-plus years, this collection has become one of the most significant at the Schwenkfelder Library and Heritage Center (SLHC), as the institution is now known. The author provides a brief history of the photographer, journalist, and business owner H. Winslow Fegley that describes his activities beyond what he is most recognized for—photographs of rural Pennsylvania landscape and the lives of its inhabitants at the turn of the twentieth century. The article concludes with a discussion of current cataloging and digitization efforts of the collection at the SLHC.
Theoretical study of the ionospheric plasma cave in the equatorial ionization anomaly region
Authors: Chen Yu‐Tsung , Lin C. H. , Chen C. H. , Liu J. Y. , Huba J. D. , Chang L. C. , Liu H.‐L. , Lin J. T. , Rajesh P. K.
Published: November 2014

This paper investigates the physical mechanism of an unusual equatorial electron density structure, plasma cave, located underneath the equatorial ionization anomaly by using theoretical simulations. The simulation results provide important new understanding of the dynamics of the equatorial ionosphere. It has been suggested previously that unusual drifts might be responsible for the observed plasma cave structure, but model simulations in this paper suggest that the more likely cause is latitudinal meridional neutral wind variations. The neutral winds are featured by two divergent wind regions at off‐equator latitudes and a convergent wind region around the magnetic equator, resulting in plasma divergences and convergence, respectively, to form the plasma caves structure. The tidal‐decomposition analysis further suggests that the cave related meridional neutral winds and the intensity of plasma cave are highly associated with the migrating terdiurnal tidal component of the neutral winds.
Suspected seismo‐ionospheric coupling observed by satellite measurements and GPS TEC related to the M7.9 Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008
Authors: Ryu K. , Parrot M. , Kim S. G. , Jeong K. S. , Chae J. S. , Pulinets S. , Oyama K.‐I.
Published: November 2014

Anomalous changes in the ionospheric conditions related to the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008 are investigated using electron density (Ne) from Detection of Electro‐Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions (DEMETER) and CHAMP satellites, electric field from DEMETER, and GPS‐total electron content (TEC) maps. The normalized Ne from the DEMETER satellite reveal that the previously reported TEC increments before the earthquake can be considered as fragments of the gradual equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) enhancements near the epicenter longitude that began approximately 1 month before the earthquake and reached its maximum with an exceptionally large strength index 8 days prior to the main shock. This feature is indirectly confirmed through the CHAMP Ne and GPS TEC data. Following the EIA intensity peak, disturbances in the Ne and O+ density were observed in the nightside. Based on the concurrent electric field and Ne changes, it is suggested that EIA intensification could be triggered by the E field disturbances over the epicenter.
Estimation of changes in the composition of the Martian atmosphere caused by CO2 condensation from GRS Ar measurements and its application to the rederivation of MGS radio occultation measurements
Authors: Noguchi K. , Ikeda S. , Kuroda T. , Tellmann S. , Pätzold M.
Published: November 2014

We propose a method to estimate seasonal changes in the composition of the Martian atmosphere, which is influenced by CO2 condensation due to the polar nights at southern high latitudes. The method relies on measurements of the Ar concentration obtained by the Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS) onboard Mars Odyssey. We assume that the Martian atmosphere is composed of CO2, N2, and Ar, and is vertically well mixed. Since N2 and Ar do not condense even during the polar nights, the ratio of N2 and Ar remains constant, and the concentrations of N2 and CO2 can be estimated from Ar measurements. Estimates of the atmospheric composition were utilized for the rederivation of temperature and pressure profiles in the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) radio occultation measurements (∼70 profiles of ∼20,000 profiles in the whole data set) at southern polar latitudes (90°S–75°S) during the autumn, winter, and spring seasons (Ls = 0°–240°). The rederived profiles indicated that use of the standard global composition overestimated the temperature by at least approximately 5 K at Ls = ∼120° (midwinter), when the largest CO2 depletion occurred and the CO2 volume mixing ratio fell to 78%. The occurrence and degree of CO2 supersaturation were several times higher and larger, respectively, in the rederived temperature profiles than in the original MGS profiles. This suggests that consideration of CO2 depletion during southern polar nights is needed when studying CO2 supersaturation using radio occultation profiles.
Estimating the Implicit Price of Convenience: A Hedonic Analysis of the US Breakfast Sausage Market
Authors: Vickner Steven S.
Published: November 2014

Using 52 weeks of syndicated point‐of‐purchase scanner data at the US‐level, a hedonic pricing model was estimated and used to quantify the implicit price of convenience in the retail market for breakfast sausage products. The 45‐cent per pound premium for cooked breakfast sausage was found to be statistically significant while controlling for other important observable product attributes such as package weight, product shape, fat content, sodium content, organic label, Kosher label, meat type, and brand, as well as market conditions such as merchandising, holidays, and seasonality. Additionally, the Turnbull lower‐bound estimate of consumer willingness‐to‐pay for convenience was estimated to be 11 cents per pound. [EconLit citations: D120, M310, Q130] ©2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influences of liquid electrolyte and polyimide identity on the structure and conductivity of polyimide–poly(ethylene glycol) materials
Authors: Coletta Elyse , Toney Michael F. , Frank Curtis W.
Published: November 2014

Current fuel cell technology demands improvements for widespread use, and novel polymer materials may be able to achieve the necessary enhancements. This work inspects the composition, structure, and properties of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)–aromatic polyimide systems aimed at polymer electrolyte membrane applications, as PEG is a known ion conductor and aromatic polyimides are quite stable. Liquid electrolytes were incorporated into the polymers through soaking to achieve ionic conductivity. By varying polyimide and liquid electrolyte, the polymers were analyzed for their structure and conductivity. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, small‐angle X‐ray scattering, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry were used as characterization tools. Electrolyte identity impacts liquid uptake and conductivity. Polyimide identity can influence the size and variability of the doped polymer structure, which ultimately can change conductivity by up to 28%, with the maximum conductivity being 102 mS/cm at 80°C and 70% RH. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41675.
Deployment of stent grafts in curved aneurysmal arteries: toward a predictive numerical tool
Authors: Perrin David , Demanget Nicolas , Badel Pierre , Avril Stéphane , Orgéas Laurent , Geindreau Christian , Albertini Jean‐Noël
Published: November 2014

The mechanical behavior of aortic stent grafts plays an important role in the success of endovascular surgery for aneurysms. In this study, finite element analysis was carried out to simulate the expansion of five marketed stent graft iliac limbs and to evaluate quantitatively their mechanical performances.

The deployment was modeled in a simplified manner according to the following steps: (i) stent graft crimping and insertion in the delivery sheath, (ii) removal of the sheath and stent graft deployment in the aneurysm, and (iii) application of arterial pressure.

In the most curved aneurysm and for some devices, a decrease of stent graft cross‐sectional area up to 57% was found at the location of some kinks. Apposition defects onto the arterial wall were also clearly evidenced and quantified. Aneurysm inner curve presented significantly more apposition defects than outer curve.

The feasibility of finite element analysis to simulate deployment of marketed stent grafts in curved aneurysm models was demonstrated. The study of the influence of aneurysm tortuosity on stent graft mechanical behavior shows that increasing vessel curvature leads to stent graft kinks and inadequate apposition against the arterial wall. Such simulation approach opens a very promising way toward surgical planning tools able to predict intra and/or post‐operative short‐term stent graft complications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic and baseline metabolic factors for incident diabetes and HbA1c at follow‐up: the healthy twin study
Authors: Sung Joohon , Lee Kayoung , Song Yun‐Mi , Lee Mikyeong , Kim Jina
Published: November 2014

Background

We investigated baseline anthropometric/metabolic traits predicting incident diabetes, genetic/environmental relationships between these traits and HbA1c at follow‐up and the contribution of genetics, covariates and environments to variance in HbA1c at follow‐up and incident diabetes.

Methods

Nondiabetic twins (n = 869) and their family members (n = 949) were followed over 3.7 ± 1.4 years (44.3 ± 12.8 years of age); baseline anthropometric/metabolic traits were measured. Fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c were measured at follow‐up. Incident diabetes was defined as HbA1c ≥6.5% or fasting plasma glucose ≥7 mmol/L.

Results

Age‐adjusted incident diabetes was 4.9% in men and 4.1% in women. Odd ratio for incident diabetes was 2.34–2.40, 1.25‐1.28, 1.22–1.27 and 1.89 per standard deviation of baseline fasting plasma glucose, white blood cell (WBC), triglycerides and waist circumference, respectively, in multivariate generalized estimating equation models (p < 0.05). Age‐adjusted and sex‐adjusted heritability was 0.85 for diabetes and 0.72 for HbA1c. In bivariate analyses adjusted for age, sex and body mass index at baseline, HbA1c at follow‐up showed significant genetic and environmental correlations with baseline glucose (0.44, 0.17), significant genetic correlation with baseline waist circumference (0.16) and triglycerides (0.30) and significant environmental correlation with baseline WBC (0.09). Variance in HbA1c at follow‐up and incident diabetes was explained by genetics (33% and 28%, respectively), covariates (36% and 48%, respectively), shared environments (7% and 0%, respectively) and errors (24% and 24%, respectively).

Conclusions

High values for baseline fasting plasma glucose, WBC, triglycerides and waist circumference are independent risk factors for incident diabetes. While genetic influences strongly contribute to variance in HbA1c at follow‐up and incident diabetes, these risk factors significantly contribute to the remaining variance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.