bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Right translated AES gray S‐boxes
Authors: Khan Mubashar , Azam Naveed Ahmed
Published: September 2014

This article deals with an algorithm for the generation of impregnable substitution boxes (S‐box). The proposed scheme involves the application of right translation and Gray codes over the original Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) S‐box. Regular representation of Galois field GF(28) is used to produce the translational effect in the AES S‐box. The translated AES S‐box is then subjected to Gray codes for the enhancement in their algebraic complexity. The proposed scheme results 256 different cryptographically strong S‐boxes. Several tests such as non‐linearity, bit independence, strict avalanche, linear approximation and differential approximation, algebraic complexity, correlation and histogram are implemented on every newly generated S‐box to analyze their resistance against computational attacks. Furthermore, the newly generated S‐boxes are compared with the existing well‐known S‐boxes. The simulation results indicate that the resistance of proposed S‐boxes against computational attacks including linear, interpolation, differential and algebraic attacks approaches to the optimal values. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complete bifurcation analysis of a chaotic attractor in an electric circuit with piecewise‐smooth characteristics
Authors: Kousaka Takuji , Asahara Hiroyuki
Published: September 2014

We investigate the bifurcation phenomena of chaotic attractors observed in electric circuits with piecewise‐smooth characteristics. First, we present a circuit model whose switching action depends on its own state and on the clock interval. Next, we explain the behavior of the waveform. Following this, we sample the waveform at every clock period to define the return map, which is vital for a detailed understanding of the circuit dynamics. Finally, bifurcation phenomena of chaotic attractors are classified into four cases with a focus on the invariant interval. In particular, we discuss the characteristics of each bifurcation phenomenon, and then clarify the bifurcation structure of the chaotic attractor. Moreover, some of the numerical results are verified experimentally. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Improved pattern sequence‐based forecasting method for electricity load
Authors: Jin Cheng Hao , Pok Gouchol , Park Hyun‐Woo , Ryu Keun Ho
Published: September 2014

Recently, a pattern sequence‐based forecasting (PSF) algorithm was proposed for day‐ahead electricity time series. PSF consists of two steps: clustering and prediction. However, it has the following limitations: In the clustering step, it is computationally expensive to determine the optimal number of clusters with majority votes. In the prediction step, it is quite complex to search for the matched pattern sequence with the optimal window length, and averaging all the samples immediately after the matched sequence can increase the forecasting accuracy especially when the day under examination is a working day.

In this paper, we propose a time‐series forecasting method for electricity load by addressing the limitations in PSF. The proposed method is evaluated on electricity load datasets, and the experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the forecasting accuracy of PSF. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Multiple visual targets tracking via probability hypothesis density filter and feature measurement
Authors: Lu Xiaofeng , Izumi Takashi , Teng Lin , Wang Lei
Published: September 2014

The probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter is a practical alternative to the optimal Bayesian multiple‐targets filter based on random finite sets (RFS). It propagates the posterior intensity of the random sets of targets. In this paper, we apply the PHD filter to track a random number of moving targets in visual sequences. The PHD filter is implemented using a Gaussian mixture. Obtaining the PHD only for one visual frame at a time remains a challenge. To meet this challenge, we propose a method to approximate the posterior intensity using feature measurement. To improve the representability of tracking target, we adopt an adaptive weight to fuse the color and local binary pattern (LBP) features which are extracted by the Monte Carlo method. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using ungulate biomass to estimate abundance of wolves in British Columbia
Authors: Kuzyk Gerald W. , Hatter Ian W.
Published: September 2014

Management of wolves (Canis lupus) in British Columbia, as with most other Canadian provinces, is conducted on a regional scale (38,557–252,776 km2), yet there is no standardized, cost‐effective methodology for providing reliable estimates of wolf abundance at this scale. Therefore, we used periodic estimates of ungulate abundance and incorporated them into an ungulate biomass regression model to estimate wolf abundance on a regional and provincial (900,402 km2) scale over a 12‐year period (2000–2011). In 2011, the provincial estimate was 8,688 (95% CI = 5898–11,760) wolves (7–13 wolves/1,000 km2), while regional wolf abundance estimates ranged from 149 (95% CI = 100–205) to 2,693 (95% CI = 1,818–3,608) with differences related to regional scale (km2) rather than wolf densities (4–15 wolves/1,000 km2). We suggest the ungulate biomass regression model is useful to estimate the abundance of wolves for management purposes when precise estimates are not required and wolf populations are not heavily exploited or recovering. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Factors associated with time consumption when answering drug-related queries to Scandinavian drug information centres: a multi-centre study
Authors: Reppe Linda Amundstuen , Spigset Olav , Böttiger Ylva , Christensen Hanne Rolighed , Kampmann Jens Peter , Damkier Per , Lydersen Stian , Schjøtt Jan
Published: September 2014

Purpose

There is little research-based documentation on the services provided by drug information centres (DICs). The aim of this multi-centre study was to explore for the first time the factors associated with time consumption when answering drug-related queries at eight different but comparable DICs.

Methods

During an 8-week period, staff members at eight Scandinavian DICs recorded the number of minutes during which they responded to queries. Mixed model linear regression analyses were used to explore the factors associated with time consumption when answering queries.

Results

The mean time consumption per query was 178 min (range 4–2540 min). The mean time consumed per query increased by 28 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 23 to 33, p < 0.001) min higher for queries for which there was a lack of documentation and 139 (95 % CI 74 to 203, p < 0.001) min higher when conflicting information was present in the literature. Staff members with less than 1 year of experience consumed a mean of 91 more minutes (95 % CI 32 to 150, p = 0.003) per query than staff members with more than 2 years of experience.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the large variation in time consumed answering queries posed to Scandinavian DICs. The results highlight the need for highly competent staff members and easy access to drug information sources. Further studies are required to explore the association between time consumption and response quality.
Molecular engineering of secretory machinery components for high-level secretion of proteins in Bacillus species
Authors: Kang Zhen , Yang Sen , Du Guocheng , Chen Jian
Published: September 2014

Secretory expression of valuable enzymes by Bacillus subtilis and its related species has attracted intensive work over the past three decades. Although many proteins have been expressed and secreted, the titers of some recombinant enzymes are still low to meet the needs of practical applications. Signal peptides that located at the N-terminal of nascent peptide chains play crucial roles in the secretion process. In this mini-review, we summarize recent progress in secretory expression of recombinant proteins in Bacillus species. In particular, we highlighted and discussed the advances in molecular engineering of secretory machinery components, construction of signal sequence libraries and identification of functional signal peptides with high-throughput screening strategy. The prospects of future research are also proposed.
Race‐Related Differences in the Experiences of Family Members of Persons with Mental Illness Participating in the NAMI Family to Family Education Program
Authors: Smith Melissa Edmondson , Lindsey Michael A. , Williams Crystal D. , Medoff Deborah R. , Lucksted Alicia , Fang Li Juan , Schiffman Jason , Lewis-Fernández Roberto , Dixon Lisa B.
Published: September 2014

Families play an important role in the lives of individuals with mental illness. Coping with the strain of shifting roles and multiple challenges of caregiving can have a huge impact. Limited information exists regarding race‐related differences in families’ caregiving experiences, their abilities to cope with the mental illness of a loved one, or their interactions with mental health service systems. This study examined race‐related differences in the experiences of adults seeking to participate in the National Alliance on Mental Illness Family‐to‐Family Education Program due to mental illness of a loved one. Participants were 293 White and 107 African American family members who completed measures of problem‐ and emotion‐focused coping, knowledge about mental illness, subjective illness burden, psychological distress, and family functioning. Multiple regression analyses were used to determine race‐related differences. African American caregivers reported higher levels of negative caregiving experiences, less knowledge of mental illness, and higher levels of both problem‐solving coping and emotion‐focused coping, than White caregivers. Mental health programs serving African American families should consider targeting specific strategies to address caregiving challenges, support their use of existing coping mechanisms and support networks, and increase their knowledge of mental illness.
Randomized phase III trial of regorafenib in metastatic colorectal cancer: analysis of the CORRECT Japanese and non-Japanese subpopulations
Authors: Yoshino Takayuki , Komatsu Yoshito , Yamada Yasuhide , Yamazaki Kentaro , Tsuji Akihito , Ura Takashi , Grothey Axel , Van Cutsem Eric , Wagner Andrea , Cihon Frank , Hamada Yoko , Ohtsu Atsushi
Published: September 2014

Background In the international, phase III, randomized, double-blind CORRECT trial, regorafenib significantly prolonged overall survival (OS) versus placebo in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) that had progressed on all standard therapies. This post hoc analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of regorafenib in Japanese and non-Japanese subpopulations in the CORRECT trial. Methods Patients were randomized 2 : 1 to regorafenib 160 mg once daily or placebo for weeks 1–3 of each 4-week cycle. The primary endpoint was OS. Outcomes were assessed using descriptive statistics. Results One hundred Japanese and 660 non-Japanese patients were randomized to regorafenib (n = 67 and n = 438) or placebo (n = 33 and n = 222). Regorafenib had a consistent OS benefit in the Japanese and non-Japanese subpopulations, with hazard ratios of 0.81 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.43–1.51) and 0.77 (95 % CI 0.62–0.94), respectively. Regorafenib-associated hand–foot skin reaction, hypertension, proteinuria, thrombocytopenia, and lipase elevations occurred more frequently in the Japanese subpopulation than in the non-Japanese subpopulation, but were generally manageable. Conclusion Regorafenib appears to have comparable efficacy in Japanese and non-Japanese subpopulations, with a manageable adverse-event profile, suggesting that this agent could potentially become a standard of care in patients with mCRC.
Magnetospheric Multiscale Science Mission Profile and Operations
Authors: Fuselier S. A. , Lewis W. S. , Schiff C. , Ergun R. , Burch J. L. , Petrinec S. M. , Trattner K. J.
Published: September 2014

The Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission and operations are designed to provide the maximum reconnection science. The mission phases are chosen to investigate reconnection at the dayside magnetopause and in the magnetotail. At the dayside, the MMS orbits are chosen to maximize encounters with the magnetopause in regions where the probability of encountering the reconnection diffusion region is high. In the magnetotail, the orbits are chosen to maximize encounters with the neutral sheet, where reconnection is known to occur episodically. Although this targeting is limited by engineering constraints such as total available fuel, high science return orbits exist for launch dates over most of the year. The tetrahedral spacecraft formation has variable spacing to determine the optimum separations for the reconnection regions at the magnetopause and in the magnetotail. In the specific science regions of interest, the spacecraft are operated in a fast survey mode with continuous acquisition of burst mode data. Later, burst mode triggers and a ground-based scientist in the loop are used to determine the highest quality data to downlink for analysis. This operations scheme maximizes the science return for the mission.
Cumulative Structural Disadvantage and Racial Health Disparities: The Pathways of Childhood Socioeconomic Influence
Authors: Pais Jeremy
Published: September 2014

Cumulative structural disadvantage theory posits two major sources of endogenous selection in shaping racial health disparities: a race-based version of the theory anticipates a racially distinct selection process, whereas a social class-based version anticipates a racially similar process. To operationalize cumulative structural disadvantage, this study uses data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth in a Latent Class Analysis that demographically profiles health impairment trajectories. This analysis is used to examine the nature of selection as it relates to racial differences in the development of health impairments that are significant enough to hinder one’s ability to work. The results provide no direct support for the race-based version of cumulative structural disadvantage theory. Instead, two key findings support the social class–based version of cumulative disadvantage theory. First, the functional form of the different health trajectories are invariant for whites and blacks, suggesting more racial similarly in the developmental process than anticipated by the race-based version of the theory. The extent of the racial disparity in the prevalences across the health impairment trajectories is, however, significant and noteworthy: nearly one-third of blacks (28 %) in the United States experience some form of impairment during their prime working years compared with 18.8 % of whites. Second, racial differences in childhood background mediate this racial health disparity through the indirect pathway of occupational attainment and through the direct pathway of early-life exposure to health-adverse environments. Thus, the selection of individuals into different health trajectories, based largely on childhood socioeconomic background, helps explain racial disparities in the development of health impairments.
Lignite oxidative desulphurization
Authors: Gunka Volodymyr , Pyshyev Serhiy
Published: September 2014

The process of lignite desulphurization via its treatment by an oxidant (air or air–steam mixture) has been studied. The research objective was useful determination of steam application in oxidative lignite desulphurization. It has been proved that the water steam should be included in the oxidant composition to increase the hydrogen sulphide and combustible constituent content in the gases obtained during the processes under research. The impact of factors which affect the reactions between solid (in our case – lignite) and gaseous reagent (oxidant, i.e. air and or air–steam mixture) upon the research process has been investigated, if these reactions occur in the kinetic area. Such factors are linear rate of oxidant movement and coal grain size. The values of oxidant movement linear rate and coal grain size, which the reaction transfer from pyrite sulphur and organic content of lignite from diffusion into kinetic area occurs by, have been determined. Under these “transfer” conditions, the values of coefficients of oxidant mass transfer (β, m/s) as well as Sherwood criteria and boiling layer differences have been calculated.
Simulation of coal char gasification using O2/CO2
Authors: Li Haibin , Yu Yu , Han Minfang , Lei Ze
Published: September 2014

The authors proposed an integrated gasification fuel cell zero-emission system. The coal char gasification is discussed using high temperature and concentration of CO2 produced by solid oxide fuel cells and oxy-fuel combustion. The gasification is simulated by Aspen plus based on Gibbs free energy minimization method. Gasification model of pulverized coal char is computed and analyzed. Effects of gas flow rate, pressure, preheating temperature, heat losses on syngas composition, reaction temperature, lower heating value and carbon conversion are studied. Results and parameters are determined as following. The optimum O2 flow rate is 20 kg/h. The reaction temperature decreases from 1645 to 1329 °C when the CO2 flow rate increases from 0 to 5 kg/h, the CO2 flow rate should be operated reasonably; lower heating value reduces and reaction temperature increases as the pressure increases; compared to the CO2 preheating, O2 preheating has greater influence on reaction temperature and lower heating value.
CO2 capture RD&D proceedings in China Huaneng Group
Authors: Wang Jinyi , Xu Shisen
Published: September 2014

CO2 capture is an important carbon management route to mitigate the greenhouse gas emission in power sector. In recent years, China Huaneng Group (CHNG) has paid more attention on CO2 capture technology development and launched a series of R&D and demonstration projects. In the area of pre-combustion CO2 capture technology, GreenGen project initiated by CHNG is the first integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant in China. Located in Tianjin, GreenGen aims at the development, demonstration and promotion of a near-zero emissions power plant. An IGCC plant of 250 MW has successfully passed full-scale trial operation. In the next phase, a pre-combustion CO2 capture unit will be integrated into the system. Pre-combustion process based on coal chemical process has been developed with lower costs successfully. Regarding to post-combustion CO2 capture (PCC), in 2008, CHNG built a 3,000 tpa CO2 capture plant, which was the first CO2 capture demonstration plant in China. In 2009, CHNG launched a PCC project in Shanghai with a capture capacity of 120,000 tpa CO2. Recently, Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute (CERI) and Powerspan formed a joint venture, Huaneng-CERI-Powerspan (HCP). HCP has completed the technology qualification program to supply carbon capture technology for the CO2 capture Mongstad project. Besides these activities mentioned above, feasibility studies and system design for large scale PCC system, have been undertaken by CERI and its partners from Australia, US and Europe.
Electrochemical performance and stability of Sr-doped LaMnO3-infiltrated yttria stabilized zirconia oxygen electrode for reversible solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Fan Hui , Han Minfang
Published: September 2014

Porous Sr-doped lanthanum manganite–yttria stabilized zirconia (LSM–YSZ) oxygen electrode is prepared by an infiltration process for a reversible solid oxide fuel cell (RSOFC). X-ray diffraction and SEM analysis display that perovskite phase LSM submicro particles are evenly distributed in the porous YSZ matrix. Polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectra are conducted for the RSOFC at 800 and 850 °C under both SOFC and SOEC modes. At 850 °C, the single cell has the maximum power density of ~726 mW/cm2 under SOFC mode, and electrolysis voltage of 1.35 V at 1 A/cm2 under SOEC mode. Fuel cell/water electrolysis cycle shows the cell has good performance stability during 6 cycles, which exhibits the LSM–YSZ oxygen electrode has high electrochemical performance and good stability. The results suggest that network-like LSM–YSZ electrode made by infiltration process could be a promising oxygen electrode for high temperature RSOFCs.
Lean manufacturing and firm performance: The incremental contribution of lean management accounting practices
Authors: Fullerton Rosemary R. , Kennedy Frances A. , Widener Sally K.
Published: September 2014

Manufacturing firms operating in rapidly changing and highly competitive markets have embraced the continuous process improvement mindset. They have worked to improve quality, flexibility, and customer response time using the principles ofLean thinking. To reach its potential, lean must be adopted as a holistic business strategy, rather than an activity isolated in operations. The lean enterprise calls for the integration of lean practices across operations and other business functions. As a critical component for achieving financial control, management accounting practices (MAP) need to be adjusted to meet the demands and objectives of lean organizations. Our aim is to help both researchers and practitioners better understand how lean MAP can support operations personnel with their internal decision making, and operations executives and business leaders in their objective of increasing lean operations performance as part of a holistic lean enterprise strategy. We use survey data from 244 U.S. manufacturing firms to construct a structural equation model. We document that the extent of lean manufacturing implementation is associated with the use of lean MAP, and further that the lean MAP are related in a systematic way: simplified and strategically aligned MAP positively influences the use of value stream costing, which in turn positively influences the use of visual performance measures. We also find that the extent of lean manufacturing practices is directly related to operations performance. More importantly, lean manufacturing practices also indirectly affect operations performancethroughlean MAP. These findings are consistent with the notion that lean thinking is a holistic business strategy. In order to derive the greatest impact on performance, our results indicate that operations management cannot operate in a vacuum. Instead, operations and accounting personnel must partner with each other to ensure that lean MAP are strategically integrated into the lean culture. In sum, lean MAP provide essential financial control that integrates with and supports operations to achieve desired benefits.
Development of microsatellite markers for, and a preliminary population genetic analysis of, the white-backed planthopper
Authors: Sun J.-T. , Jiang X.-Y. , Wang M.-M. , Hong X.-Y.
Published: September 2014

For a better understanding of the population structure and dispersal rates ofSogatella furcifera, we developed 21 novel polymorphic expressed sequence tags (EST) derived microsatellites, which were successfully amplified in four multiplex polymerase chain reaction sets. These new microsatellites were firstly assessed in 20 individuals sampled from Wenshan in China. The results showed that all 21 loci were highly polymorphic; the number of alleles ranged from 3 to 9, with an average of 4.8 alleles per locus. The observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.200 to 0.900 and from 0.184 to 0.799, respectively. Nineteen of the 21 microsatellites without null allele, were subsequently used for population genetic structure analyses of fiveS. furciferapopulations sampled in south region of China (sites up to 1314 kilometers apart). The observed and expected heterozygosity for each population ranged from 0.436 to 0.494 and from 0.454 to 0.482, respectively. The level of population differentiation was very low, with an average pairwiseFSTof 0.002. Bayesian cluster analysis result suggested that the fiveS. furciferapopulations formed one genetic cluster. Discriminant analysis of principle components detected three genetic clusters. The spread of the three clusters across the five populations explained the lack of population differentiation and the Bayesian cluster result. All the results indicated that long-distance migration of this pest allowed genetic mixing between populations from remote geographical origins. These new microsatellites will be powerful tools for population genetics studies ofS. furcifera.
A Moderate Puritan Preacher Negotiates Religious Change
Authors: HUGHES ANN
Published: September 2014

This article is based on the sermons of the moderate Puritan minister Richard Culverwell, preached in his parish of St Margaret Moses, London, from the mid-1620s to the early 1630s, and recorded in detail by one of his leading parishioners, the fishmonger John Harper. It uses this material to discuss the reception of demanding Calvinist divinity, and to contribute to scholarly debates on the nature and impact of the Laudian regime in London. Although Culverwell continued to preach a Calvinist message, his sermons show a process of adaptation to changing times, and reveal the constraints and tensions that he was facing.
William McIlwaine and the 1859 Revival in Ulster: A Study of Anglican and Evangelical Identities
Authors: RITCHIE DANIEL
Published: September 2014

The Evangelical awakening which took place in the province of Ulster during 1859 was one of the most important events in the religious history of the north of Ireland. Although it has received virtually uncritical acceptance by modern Evangelicals in Northern Ireland, few are aware that there was a significant minority of Evangelicals who dissented from offering the movement their wholehearted support. This article examines why one of nineteenth-century Belfast's most controversial Anglican clerics, the Revd William McIlwaine, was very critical of the movement. Not all critics were outright opponents of the revival, however. McIlwaine was one of the revival's moderate critics, who believed that it was partially good. Nevertheless, the awakening's physical manifestations and its impact on theology and church order deeply disturbed him. The article also explains why 1859 was a turning point in McIlwaine's ecclesiastical career, which saw him move from Evangelicalism to a moderate High Church position.
Broome's Theory of Fairness and the Problem of Quantifying the Strengths of Claims
Authors: KIRKPATRICK JAMES R. , EASTWOOD NICK
Published: September 2014

John Broome argues that fairness requires that claims are satisfied in proportion to their strength. Broome holds that, when distributing indivisible goods, fairness requires the use of weighted lotteries as a surrogate to satisfy proportionally each candidate's claims. In this article, we present two arguments against Broome's account of fairness. First, we argue that it is almost impossible to calculate the weights of the lotteries in accordance with the requirements of fairness. Second, we argue that Broome rules out those methods whose use might provide some resolution to this problem. From these arguments, we conclude that, contra Broome, fairness does not require the proportional satisfaction of claims.
Genotypic variation in adaptation to soil acidity in local upland rice varieties
Authors: Laenoi Suwannee , Phattarakul Nattinee , Jamjod Sansanee , Yimyam Narit , Dell Bernard , Rerkasem Benjavan
Published: September 2014

Local upland rice germplasm is an invaluable resource for farmers who grow rice on acidic soils without flooding that benefits wetland rice. In this study, we evaluated the adaptation to soil acidity in common local upland rice varieties from an area with acidic soil in Thailand. Tolerance to hydrogen and aluminium (Al) toxicity was determined by measuring root growth, plant dry weight and phosphorus (P) uptake in aerated solution culture without the supplementation of Al (0 mg/l) at pH 7 and 4 and with the supplementation of 10, 20 and 30 mg Al/l at pH 4. The root growth of upland rice plants grown from farmers' seed was depressed less by Al than that of common wetland rice varieties. Pure-line genotypes of upland rice varieties were differentiated into several classes of Al tolerance, with frequency distribution of the classes that sometimes differed between the accessions of the same varieties. The effect of Al tolerance on root length was closely correlated with depression by Al in root dry weight and whole-plant P content. A source for adaptation to soil acidity for exploitation in the genetic improvement of aerobic and rainfed rice is clearly found among local upland rice varieties grown on acidic soils. However, the variation in tolerance to soil acidity within and among the seed lots of the same varieties maintained by individual farmers as well as among the varieties needs to be taken into consideration.
Identifikation von Jugendlichen mit ausgeprägten Delinquenzrisiken
Authors: Brettfeld Katrin , Petermann Franz , Wetzels Peter
Published: September 2014

Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war die Prüfung der Frage, ob das SPS-J sich zur Identifikation stark delinquenzgefährdeter Jugendlicher eignet. In einer regional repräsentativen Dunkelfeldstudie mit 3130 Bremer Schülern wurde auch der SPS-J eingesetzt. Auf Basis von Daten zu selbstberichteter Delinquenz wurden zwei Risikogruppen massiv delinquenzbelasteter Jugendlicher bestimmt. Über ROC-Analysen wurden Sensitivität und Spezifität von Subskalen und Einzelitems des SPS-J zur Vorhersage dieser Risikogruppen berechnet. Eine aus sieben Items bestehende Kurzskala konnte die besonders kritische Gruppe massiv delinquenter Jugendlicher (2.1 % der Gesamtstichprobe) zu 87.7 % korrekt vorhersagen. Die Rate falsch-positiver Klassifikationen war mit 17.7 % akzeptabel. In einer zweiten, unabhängigen regional repräsentativen Studie konnten diese Befunde repliziert werden. Demnach ist das SPS-J nicht nur zur Erfassung psychischer Auffälligkeiten geeignet, sondern kann auch genutzt werden, um Jugendliche mit erheblich erhöhten Delinquenzrisiken als Zielgruppe spezifischer Präventionsmaßnahmen frühzeitig zu erkennen.
Verhaltensauffälligkeiten mit 9 Jahren zur Vorhersage von Schulproblemen im Alter von 11 und 15 Jahren
Authors: Krause Christina , Hohmann Cynthia , Grabenhenrich Linus , Forster Johannes , Bauer Carl Peter , Hoffmann Ute , Zepp Fred , Schuster Antje , Bergmann Renate L. , Bergmann Karl E. , Wahn Ulrich , Lau Susanne , Beyer Reinhard , Keil Thomas
Published: September 2014

Verhaltensauffälligkeiten im Kindesalter stellen einen Risikofaktor für psychische Auffälligkeiten und verminderte schulische Leistungsfähigkeit dar. Die Studie untersucht, ob eine geringere Funktionalität im Grundschulalter die Auftretenswahrscheinlichkeit von Schulproblemen in der Adoleszenz erhöht. Fragebogendaten der 9-, 11- und 15-Jahres Nachuntersuchungen der MAS-Geburtskohorte (N=1314 Baselineerhebung bei Geburt; 47.9 % Mädchen, 52.1 % Jungen) werden ausgewertet. Erhoben werden Funktionalität auf den Dimensionen Psychisches Wohlergehen, Körperlicher Status, Soziale Beziehungen und Alltagsfunktionsfähigkeit zu 9 Jahren sowie das Vorkommen von Schulproblemen mit 11 und 15 Jahren. Eine geringere Funktionalität im Alter von 9 Jahren geht mit einer erhöhten Auftretenswahrscheinlichkeit von Schulproblemen mit 11 (adjustierte Odds Ratio [aOR]=3.53, 95 %Konfidenzintervall [KI] 2.20 – 5.66) und 15 Jahren (aOR=3.22, 95 %KI 1.85 – 5.62) einher. Diese Effekte zeigen sich deutlicher für Jungen als für Mädchen. Bereits Grundschulkinder können Einschränkungen in ihrer Funktionalität zeigen, welche über Jahre stabil zu bleiben scheinen und mit Schulproblemen in der Adoleszenz einhergehen können.
MEIS2 is essential for neuroblastoma cell survival and proliferation by transcriptional control of M-phase progression
Authors: Zha Y , Xia Y , Ding J , Choi J-H , Yang L , Dong Z , Yan C , Huang S , Ding H-F
Published: September 2014

MEIS2 has an important role in development and organogenesis, and is implicated in the pathogenesis of human cancer. The molecular basis of MEIS2 action in tumorigenesis is not clear. Here, we show that MEIS2 is highly expressed in human neuroblastoma cell lines and is required for neuroblastoma cell survival and proliferation. Depletion of MEIS2 in neuroblastoma cells leads to M-phase arrest and mitotic catastrophe, whereas ectopic expression of MEIS2 markedly enhances neuroblastoma cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and tumorigenicity. Gene expression profiling reveals an essential role of MEIS2 in maintaining the expression of a large number of late cell-cycle genes, including those required for DNA replication, G2-M checkpoint control and M-phase progression. Importantly, we identify MEIS2 as a transcription activator of the MuvB-BMYB-FOXM1 complex that functions as a master regulator of cell-cycle gene expression. Further, we show that FOXM1 is a direct target gene of MEIS2 and is required for MEIS2 to upregulate mitotic genes. These findings link a developmentally important gene to the control of cell proliferation and suggest that high MEIS2 expression is a molecular mechanism for high expression of mitotic genes that is frequently observed in cancers of poor prognosis.
Activated platelets rescue apoptotic cells via paracrine activation of EGFR and DNA-dependent protein kinase
Authors: Au A E-L , Sashindranath M , Borg R J , Kleifeld O , Andrews R K , Gardiner E E , Medcalf R L , Samson A L
Published: September 2014

Platelet activation is a frontline response to injury, not only essential for clot formation but also important for tissue repair. Indeed, the reparative influence of platelets has long been exploited therapeutically where application of platelet concentrates expedites wound recovery. Despite this, the mechanisms of platelet-triggered cytoprotection are poorly understood. Here, we show that activated platelets accumulate in the brain to exceptionally high levels following injury and release factors that potently protect neurons from apoptosis. Kinomic microarray and subsequent kinase inhibitor studies showed that platelet-based neuroprotection relies upon paracrine activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and downstream DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). This same anti-apoptotic cascade stimulated by activated platelets also provided chemo-resistance to several cancer cell types. Surprisingly, deep proteomic profiling of the platelet releasate failed to identify any known EGFR ligand, indicating that activated platelets release an atypical activator of the EGFR. This study is the first to formally associate platelet activation to EGFR/DNA-PK – an endogenous cytoprotective cascade.
OsAAP6 functions as an important regulator of grain protein content and nutritional quality in rice
Authors: Peng Bo , Kong Huili , Li Yibo , Wang Lingqiang , Zhong Ming , Sun Liang , Gao Guanjun , Zhang Qinglu , Luo Lijun , Wang Gongwei , Xie Weibo , Chen Junxiao , Yao Wen , Peng Yong , Lei Lei , Lian Xingmin , Xiao Jinghua , Xu Caiguo , Li Xianghua , He Yuqing
Published: September 2014

Grains from cereals contribute an important source of protein to human food, and grain protein content (GPC) is an important determinant of nutritional quality in cereals. Here we show that the quantitative trait locus (QTL)qPC1in rice controls GPC by regulating the synthesis and accumulation of glutelins, prolamins, globulins, albumins and starch.qPC1encodes a putative amino acid transporterOsAAP6, which functions as a positive regulator of GPC in rice, such that higher expression ofOsAAP6is correlated with higher GPC.OsAAP6greatly enhances root absorption of a range of amino acids and has effects on the distribution of various amino acids. Two common variations in the potentialcis-regulatory elements of theOsAAP65′-untranslated region seem to be associated with GPC diversity mainly inindicacultivars. Our results represent the first step toward unravelling the mechanism of regulation underlying natural variation of GPC in rice.
Potentially functional polymorphisms in the ERCC2 gene and risk of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Chinese populations
Authors: Zhu Mei-Ling , He Jing , Wang MengYun , Sun Meng-Hong , Jin Li , Wang Xiaofeng , Yang Ya-Jun , Wang Jiu-Cun , Zheng Leizhen , Xiang Jia-Qing , Wei Qing-Yi
Published: September 2014

ERCC2 is indispensable for nucleotide excision repair pathway and its functional polymorphisms may be associated with cancer risk. In a large case-control study of 1126 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) patients and 1131 controls, we genotyped two SNPs in ERCC2 (rs238406 G > T and rs13181 T > G) and assessed their associations with ESCC risk. We found a significantly elevated ESCC risk associated with the rs238406 T variant genotypes (adjusted OR = 1.30 and 1.24, 95% CI = 1.02–1.66 and 1.03–1.49 for TG and TG/TT, respectively, compared with GG), particularly in the subgroup of those smoked more than 16 pack-years. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested a possible multiplicative gene-environment interaction between rs238406 genotypes and smoking (Pinteraction = 0.026) on ESCC risk. Although no significant risk associations were observed for rs13181, further mini meta-analysis with our and 18 other published studies of 5,012 cases and 8,238 controls found evidence of an association between the rs13181 variant G allele and esophageal cancer risk (TG/GG vs. TT, OR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.02–1.33). Interestingly, we consistently found a significant correlation between variant genotypes of these two SNPs and ERCC2 mRNA expression. These findings suggest that potentially functional SNPs in ERCC2 may contribute to ESCC risk.
Paper-based electrochemical immunoassay for rapid, inexpensive cancer biomarker protein detection
Authors: Tang C. K. , Vaze A. , Rusling J. F.
Published: September 2014

Inexpensive, reusable electrochemical chips were configured as immunosensors by using a filter paper disk equipped with antibodies. Rapid detection of cancer biomarker protein prostate specific antigen (PSA) in serum was achieved with 6 pg mL−1 detection in ∼15 min.
Nanotopography – potential relevance in the stem cell niche
Authors: Turner Lesley-Anne , J. Dalby Matthew
Published: September 2014

Nanotopographical cues observedin vivo(such as in the sinusoid and bone) closely resemble nanotopographies thatin vitrohave been shown to promote niche relevant stem cells behaviours; specifically, retention of multipotency and osteogenic differentiation on ordered and disordered nano-pits respectively. These and other observations highlight a potential role for nano topography in the stem cell niche.
Multiplex isotope dimethyl labeling of substrate peptides for high throughput kinase activity assay via quantitative MALDI MS
Authors: Deng Zhenzhen , Ye Mingliang , Bian Yangyang , Liu Zheyi , Liu Fangjie , Wang Chunli , Qin Hongqiang , Zou Hanfa
Published: September 2014

A multiplex isotope dimethyl labeling approach allowed MALDI MS to monitor the time dependent consumption of substrates and generation of products in one spot.
Porous polymer-based monolithic layers enabling pH triggered switching between superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic properties
Authors: Lv Yongqin , Cao Yao , Svec Frantisek , Tan Tianwei
Published: September 2014

Porous polymer monolithic layers that enable reversible pH-responsive switching between superhydrophilicity and superhydrophobicity have been prepared via a “thiol-ene” click reaction.
Nonequilibrium kinetic modeling of sintering of a layer of dispersed nanocrystals
Authors: Gorshkov Vyacheslav , Kuzmenko Vasily , Privman Vladimir
Published: September 2014

Sintering of layers of dispersed nanocrystals for different temperature control protocols and initial configurations.
Ammonia-modified Co(ii) sites in zeolites: IR spectroscopy and spin-resolved charge transfer analysis of NO adsorption complexes
Authors: Góra-Marek Kinga , Stępniewski Adam , Radoń Mariusz , Broclawik Ewa
Published: September 2014

IR spectroscopy and quantum chemical modeling (supplemented by the analysis of charge transfer channels between co-adsorbed ammonia and Co(ii)–NO adduct) show that donor NH3 co-ligands to cobalt cationic centers in zeolites strongly activate the N−O bond.
Towards polymetallic lanthanide complexes as dual contrast agents for magnetic resonance and optical imaging
Authors: Debroye Elke , Parac-Vogt Tatjana N.
Published: September 2014

In the spotlight: polymetallic complexes permitting efficient sensitization of lanthanide luminescence and exhibiting favorable relaxometric properties.
Catalytic water oxidation based on Ag(i)-substituted Keggin polyoxotungstophosphate
Authors: Cui Ying , Shi Lei , Yang Yanyi , You Wansheng , Zhang Lancui , Zhu Zaiming , Liu Meiying , Sun Licheng
Published: September 2014

A Ag(i) complex formulated as [H3AgI(H2O)PW11O39]3− is formed in aqueous solution. It can be oxidized by S2O82−, dominantly generating a dark green Ag(ii) complex [H3AgII(H2O)PW11O39]2− and a small amount of Ag(iii) complex [H3AgIIIOPW11O39]3−, simultaneously evolving O2.
[Dy(acac)3(dppn)]·C2H5OH: construction of a single-ion magnet based on the square-antiprism dysprosium(iii) ion
Authors: Chen Gong-Jun , Zhou Yang , Jin Guo-Xia , Dong Yu-Bin
Published: September 2014

The present work reports a new mononuclear Dy(iii) complex [Dy(acac)3(dppn)]·C2H5OH (1) (acac = acetylacetone, dppn = benzo[i]dipyrido-[3, 2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine).
Pomegranate phenolics inhibit formation of advanced glycation endproducts by scavenging reactive carbonyl species
Authors: Liu Weixi , Ma Hang , Frost Leslie , Yuan Tao , Dain Joel A. , Seeram Navindra P.
Published: September 2014

The present study reported for the first time the inhibitory effects of pomegranate phenolics on the formation of advanced glycation endproducts and their carbonyl scavenger reactivity.
Chip-off-the-old-rock: the study of reservoir-relevant geological processes with real-rock micromodels
Authors: Song Wen , de Haas Thomas W. , Fadaei Hossein , Sinton David
Published: September 2014

We present a geometrically and chemically representative real-rock micromodel for reservoir engineering studies; device fabrication and experimental results are presented.
Alterations in rat pulmonary phosphatidylcholines after chronic exposure to ambient fine particulate matter
Authors: Chen Wen-Ling , Lin Ching-Yu , Yan Yuan-Horng , Cheng Karen T. , Cheng Tsun-Jen
Published: September 2014

Long-term and low-concentration exposure to ambient PM2.5alters the pulmonary phosphatidylcholine profile which conforms to histopathological changes in the lung.
Photoinduced energy transfer in dye encapsulated polymer nanoparticle–CdTe quantum dot light harvesting assemblies
Authors: Kundu Simanta , Bhattacharyya Santanu , Patra Amitava
Published: September 2014

The efficient resonance energy transfer from CdTe quantum dots (donors) to Nile Red dye (acceptor) encapsulated PMMA nanoparticles for light harvesting is described.
IRE mRNA riboregulators use metabolic iron (Fe2+) to control mRNA activity and iron chemistry in animals
Authors: Theil Elizabeth C.
Published: September 2014

A family of noncoding RNAs bind Fe2+to change protein synthesis.
An intramolecular hydrogen bond study in some Schiff bases of fulvene: a challenge between the RAHB concept and the σ-skeleton influence
Authors: Nekoei A-Reza , Vatanparast Morteza
Published: September 2014

DFT, NBO and AIM analyses have been employed to investigate which one, the resonance-assisted hydrogen bond concept or the σ-skeleton of the system, has more influence on making intramolecular hydrogen bonds stronger.
Discovery of a silicon-based ferrimagnetic wheel structure in VxSi12− (x = 1–3) clusters: photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory investigation
Authors: Huang Xiaoming , Xu Hong-Guang , Lu Shengjie , Su Yan , King R. B. , Zhao Jijun , Zheng Weijun
Published: September 2014

V3Si12− has a bicapped hexagonal antiprism structure and exhibits ferromagnetic behavior.
Superatom–atom super-bonding in metallic clusters: a new look to the mystery of an Au20 pyramid
Authors: Cheng Longjiu , Zhang Xiuzhen , Jin Baokang , Yang Jinlong
Published: September 2014

Superatom–atom bonding in Au20 : Au20 can be viewed as a superatomic molecule, of which the superatomic 16c–16e core (T) is in D3S hybridization bonded with four vertical Au atoms for molecule-like (TAu4) electronic shell-closure.
Significant enhancement of the electrical transport properties of graphene films by controlling the surface roughness of Cu foils before and during chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Lee Dongmok , Kwon Gi Duk , Kim Jung Ho , Moyen Eric , Lee Young Hee , Baik Seunghyun , Pribat Didier
Published: September 2014

Graphene resistivity decreases as the surface roughness of the copper foils decreases. Small grain polycrystalline graphene films grown on pre-annealed and electropolished copper exhibit a sheet resistance of 210 Ω □−1.
Indirect growth of mesoporous Bi@C core–shell nanowires for enhanced lithium-ion storage
Authors: Dai Rui , Wang Yuhang , Da Peimei , Wu Hao , Xu Ming , Zheng Gengfeng
Published: September 2014

A two-step growth/pyrolysis strategy is reported for synthesis of mesoporous Bi@C core–shell nanowires for enhanced lithium-ion storage properties and cycling performance.
The effect of surface hydrogenation of metal oxides on the nanomorphology and the charge generation efficiency of polymer blend solar cells
Authors: Vasilopoulou Maria
Published: September 2014

Polymer blend solar cells exhibit improved nanomorphology and charge generation when deposited on metal oxides with high surface hydrogen content.
Stability and cytotoxicity of crystallin amyloid nanofibrils
Authors: Kaur Manmeet , Healy Jackie , Vasudevamurthy Madhusudan , Lassé Moritz , Puskar Ljiljana , Tobin Mark J. , Valery Celine , Gerrard Juliet A. , Sasso Luigi
Published: September 2014

An investigation of the biophysical stability and safety properties of crystallin amyloid nanofibrils – a potential novel bionanomaterial.
Clicked bis-PEG-peptide conjugates for studying calmodulin-Kv7.2 channel binding
Authors: Bonache M. Angeles , Alaimo Alessandro , Malo Covadonga , Millet Oscar , Villarroel Alvaro , González-Muñiz Rosario
Published: September 2014

Small bis-conjugates helix A329–350-PEG-triazole-PEG-helix B508–526 (41 residues), prepared through click chemistry of PEGylated peptide derivatives, bind to CaM with nanomolar affinity, behaving as mimics of the Kv7.2 native fragment (239 residues).
Cross-strand histidine–aromatic interactions enhance acyl-transfer rates in beta-hairpin peptide catalysts
Authors: Matsumoto M. , Lee S. J. , Gagné M. R. , Waters M. L.
Published: September 2014

A His–aryl interaction in a beta-hairpin catalyst provides rate enhancements of up to 18 000 for acyl transfer catalysis.
NIS-mediated oxidative cyclization of N-(2-trifluoromethyl-3-alkynyl) hydroxylamines: a facile access to 4-trifluoromethyl-5-acylisoxazoles
Authors: Zhang Li , Zeng Qin , Mao Ao , Wu Ziang , Luo Tian , Xiao Yuanjing , Zhang Junliang
Published: September 2014

A NIS mediated sequential procedure involving oxidation and electrophilic cycloisomerization ofN-(2-trifluoromethyl-3-alkynyl) hydroxylamines for 4-trifluoromethyl-5-acylisoxazole synthesis is developed.
A metal-free one-pot cascade synthesis of highly functionalized biaryl-2-carbaldehydes
Authors: Challa Chandrasekhar , Vellekkatt Jamsheena , Ravindran Jaice , Lankalapalli Ravi S.
Published: September 2014

A metal-free one-pot cascade annulation of acyclic substrates dienaminodioate, cinnamaldehydes and allyl amine was achieved for the synthesis of polyfunctional biaryl-2-carbaldehydes.
Kinetic resolution of citronellal by chiral aluminum catalysts: l-menthol synthesis from citral
Authors: Itoh Hisanori , Maeda Hironori , Yamada Shinya , Hori Yoji , Mino Takashi , Sakamoto Masami
Published: September 2014

We developed a highly reactive catalytic ring-closing ene reaction with chiral aluminum complexes. Kinetic resolutions of citronellal successfully afforded 68% ee of diastereoselective isopulegol and 62% ee of citronellal at 47% conversion with the BINOL-Al catalyst. l-Menthol was synthesized from citral with kinetic resolutions.