bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of endometrial cancer based on a multidisciplinary team in Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
Authors: Hussein Shahla , Fattah Chro
Published: March 2024

Background: Using a multidisciplinary team is a natural progression in cancer care, reflecting the gains achieved by many professions and disciplines and the use of various therapeutic modalities and patient support.

 

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of endometrial cancer, related risk factors, management, and follow-up before and after multidisciplinary team care (MDTC).

 

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 186 patients with endometrial cancer confirmed by endometrial biopsy cytology (endometrioid/non-endometrioid type). Patient data on clinical, surgical, pathological, and adjuvant therapies were collected, including age, body mass index (BMI), surgical procedure, nodal staging, and final pathological analysis. Assessment of risk factors and clinical follow-up was done by the MDTC method.

 

Results: The patient’s age at menstruation was >12 years in 151 (83.9%) patients and <12 years in 29 (16.1%) patients. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in examining cancer and evaluating risk factors. However, the evaluations in the MTC group were associated with minor changes in order to improve and manage risk factors.

 

Conclusions: The MDTC can be effective in the overall management of endometrial cancer.
Assessment of Prenatal Depression Among Primigravida Women in Sulaimaniyah City, Iraq
Authors: Hassan Shahla , Hamad Abdulqadr
Published: March 2024

Background: Mothers may experience challenges during pregnancy, especially primigravida because it is their first time giving birth is a life-changing incident. Antenatal depression can impact a woman while pregnant and, if left untreated, can be a prelude to postpartum depression.

 

Objectives: To evaluate primigravida prenatal depression during pregnancy in Sulaimaniyah, Kurdistan region of Iraq, and to ascertain the correlation between these women's depression score and their sociodemographic features.

 

Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, antenatal depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) among 100 primigravida participants at selected healthcare centres. The study used a validated questionnaire to collect participants' data through a random sampling technique.

 

Results: In the current study, most of the primigravida women (57%) were aged 18-24 years old, housewives (73%), and had an academic degree (44%). According to the EPDS cut-off point (≥10), 46 out of 100 women were determined to be depressed (46%). Among them, those aged 18-24 had more depression possibility (23%) than other age groups (p=0.212). Also, housewives experienced more depression possibility (29%) than other groups (p=0.031). Additionally, most women who had academic degrees had more depression possibility (28%) than other groups (p=0.003).

 

Conclusions: Pregnant women frequently experience depression in this locality. Measures of prenatal depression ought to be a standard part of prenatal consultations to facilitate the early identification and treatment of mental health problems during the sensitive stage of pregnancy.
Micellar Matrices for Spectrophotometric Determination of 5-Aminosalicylic Acid in Medicinal Preparations Using Response Surface Methodology and Box-Benken Plans
Authors: Bakeeva R. F. , Garmonov S. Ju. , Osipova V. D. , Chernyj K. V. , Mamykina S. Ju. , Sopin V. F.
Published: March 2024

Determination of the content of insoluble pharmaceutical substances in dosage forms is an urgent task, since their dosage is very important for the optimal ratio between the therapeutic effect and ensuring the necessary bioavailability. The use of micellar media as a matrix allows increasing solubility. This report presents the results of the influence of the micellar system consist from cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB, dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO and water on the determination of the content of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) in pharmaceutical substances and in dosage forms. 5-ASA is widely used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. To obtain the optimal matrix, the methodology of the response surface (MRS) and three-level Box-Benken plans (BBP) were used. The intensity of the absorption band of 5-ASA (A330), which reflects the acid content, was used as the target function. The independent factors were: the concentration of CTAB (pC(CTAB), mol/l); the acidity of medium (pH); the proportion of DMSO in the binary solvent (αDMSO). The BBP consisting of fifteen compositions were compiled and response surfaces constructed. Optimal conditions for the determination of 5-ASA by the absorption band A330 are: pC(CTAB) = 1.1, pH = 7.6, α(DMSO) = 0.3. In this matrix, the content of 5-ASA in the pharmaceutical substance was established and good metrological performance was achieved. The use of MRS and BBP contributes to the development of effective methods for quality control of 5-ASA dosage forms from different manufacturers.
Analysis of Pork Fatty Acid in Cornet in The Curug Market Using Gas Chromatography
Authors: Widyatari Ade Dwi , Rusdiana Nita , Rasydy Laode Akbar
Published: March 2024

Counterfeiting of food products with non-halal ingredients is starting to become a new problem in Indonesian society, the majority of whom are Muslim. One example of processed meat that is susceptible to the addition of pork components is corned beef. This research aims to determine the content and levels of fatty acids in corned beef. The method used to analyze halal food products is the GC method. The results showed that corned beef 1, 2, and 3 had dominant fatty acids such as myristic acid (1.58), (2.08), and (1.54), palmitic acid (49.91), (48.19) and (48.67), stearic acid (9.27), (10.20) and (7.24), oleic acid (58.89), (49.37) and  (59.64), and linoleic acid (12.78), (8.16) and (11.53).
Rectal malakoplakia simulating a locally advanced rectal cancer: a case report
Authors: Silva André A. , Pires Guida C. , Simões Liliana V. , Lourenço Beatriz R. , Rocha Catarina C. , Meireles Lília J.
Published: March 2024

Malakoplakia is a rare and chronic granulomatous disease, resulting from the accumulation of large granular macrophages containing basophilic inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm named Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. The gastrointestinal tract is the second most common site after the urinary tract, though malakoplakia has the potential to manifest in multiple organs. Rectal malakoplakia is difficult to diagnose due to its unspecific clinical and radiological presentation, usually mimicking a malignancy. Most report cases are associated with immunosuppressive diseases or chronic prolonged illness. We present the case of a 64-year-old male with a history of anal pain. A pelvic magnetic resonance imaging showed a rectal mass with 38 mm invading the mesorectum. Colonoscopy was performed confirming a mass-like lesion and biopsies were taken. Histopathological examination revealed features consistent with malakoplakia. The patient underwent long-term oral antibiotic treatment and during follow-up there was a regression of the lesion and resolution of symptoms.
Under 5 pneumonia a forgotten pandemic: an insight into risk factors predicting outcome of severe pneumonia in children aged 2 months to 5 years of age
Authors: Gaikwad Naresh D. , Inamdar Nusrat R. , Mauskar Anupama V.
Published: March 2024

Background: Pneumonia is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. In developing countries like India, multiple sociodemographic and environmental factors influence the outcome of severe pneumonia so this study explores these risk factors with aim of finding ways to improve the outcome.
Methods: It is a prospective observational study conducted over a period of 12 months on 2 months to 5 years, children with severe pneumonia admitted in ward and PICU of tertiary medical care institute. A total of 100 patients were enrolled in the given study after meeting the inclusion criteria. Predesigned proforma was used to record sociodemographic details, patient history, detailed examination findings and laboratory reports. Outcome in terms of mortality and morbidity was noted. Data analyzed using appropriate statistical tests, p values <0.05 accepted as statistically significant.
Results: The severe pneumonia was more common in the age group of 2 months to 1 year of age (59%) and in males (60%). Malnutrition and leukocytosis was statistically significant. 53 subjects were exclusively breastfed. Type of family, mother & father’s education status, mother’s employment status, tobacco exposure and contact with tuberculosis were not found statistically significant in the given study. 21 participants required PICU and 10 patients required mechanical ventilation. 92 patients were discharged, while 2 patients expired.
Conclusions: Pneumonia is an important preventable and treatable cause of under 5 mortalities. In developing countries like India an awareness and proper management of risk factors like malnutrition, low birth weight, immunization status can improve the outcome.
A study on complications and outcome of hypospadias repair at tertiary care hospital
Authors: Shivapur Achyuth A. , Shivapur Advaith A. , Khasnis Ravinda
Published: March 2024

Background: The surgical procedure used to treat hypospadias varies widely in clinical practice due to several considerations. In light of this, we assessed the risks and results of many surgical techniques for correcting hypospadias.
Methods: It was a prospective hospital-based study done for a period of 1 year. All patients with age greater than 12 months who underwent hypospadias repair in the surgery department of PMSSY super speciality hospital (KIMS, Hubballi) from January 2022 to December 2023 were included in the study. Approval from institutional ethical committee was taken before initiation of the study. Written informed consent was taken from the parents of the study participants. Total 42 patients with hypospadias were included in the present study.
Results: The most common type of hypospadias was distal seen in 67% of patients among distal the most common site of urethral opening was distal penile in 43% followed by mild penile in 40%. Proximal type was second most common type seen in 24% and 7% were granular. TPIF repair was the most common choice of operation among surgeons in distal and proximal hypospadias due to ease of application and less complications and it was statistically significant followed by Snodgrass repair mostly seen in distal hypospadias.
Conclusions: In this study, distal type hypospadias was the most prevalent form. Roughly one-third of the patients received TPIF surgery, whereas the same percentage had Snodgrass repair for their hypospadias.
Growth monitoring and nutritional outcome of severe acute malnutrition children in the presence and absence of edema: a facility based retrospective study
Authors: Zuber Ahmed , Khandelwal Sunita , Gupta Chandan
Published: March 2024

Background: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is the leading cause of death in children. SAM affects approximately 20 million preschool children, mainly in Africa and South Asia. Children with severe acute malnutrition and severe edema (+++) have an increased risk of death compared with children with severe acute malnutrition and no edema. This study evaluated the nutritional outcome of SAM patients in the presence and absence of edema.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in malnutrition treatment centre, JK Lon Hospital attached with Govt Medical College, Kota from January 2021 to December 2022 on children of age 6 months to 59 months, with clinical diagnosis of severe acute malnutrition. Ethics committee approval was not required as the study was a retrospective observational study. Patients were divided into three categories, viz. recovered, defaulted and non-responders.
Results: A total of 270 patients were selected for this study on the basis of date made available through past records. Of the total patients studied, 32.2% (87) had bilateral edema while the rest (183) were non edematous. From edematous arm, 79.9% children recovered, 9.1% defaulted, and 11% were non-respondents. Conversely, of those without oedema 55.7% recovered, 7.0% defaulted, and 37.3% were non-respondents.
Conclusions: Severe acute malnutrition is a preventable and treatable cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. The determinants of SAM include illiteracy, low socio-economic status, malnourished mother, low birth weight, ignorance about specific nutritional requirements of infants and young children, repeated infections, etc. In this study, we documented that the edematous children in the study area had a better likelihood of recovery as compared to those with severe wasting.
Sacrococcygeal teratoma: an experience from a high-volume tertiary institute in North India
Authors: Jhalani Ajay , Chaturvedi Vinita , Tuteja Neeraj , Khare Atul K.
Published: March 2024

Background: Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is the most common tumour in the newborn. The majority is present in neonates as a sacral mass; however, some may be present late with varied clinical presentation. The study aims to evaluate the clinical presentation and management of patients with SCT in our high-volume tertiary institute in North India.
Methods: This is an observational study of infants and children treated between May 2021 to April 2022 in the department of pediatric surgery, SMS Medical College, Jaipur (a high-volume tertiary institute in North India). Data collected included antenatal diagnosis, mode of delivery, age at diagnosis, clinical presentation, Altman classification, surgical approach, histopathology and complications. Functional results were evaluated clinically and radiologically.
Results: Twenty-one patients (M: F=1:3.2) with a median age of 40 days (range: 1 day to 5.8 years) with SCT were managed at our centre. Nearly, two-thirds of the tumors were either Altman type 1 or 2. Yolk sac tumour was present in 2 (9.5%) patients, while the rest had either mature or immature teratoma. Tumours were removed through a posterior sagittal approach (chevron incision). In five patients, an abdominoperineal approach was used. Early complications were surgical site infection (n=5; 23.8%), superficial wound dehiscence (n=2; 9.5%), complete wound dehiscence (n=1; 2.4%), and urinary tract infection (n=1; 4.7%). Late complications were urinary dribbling or poor stream (5/21; 23.8%) and faecal soiling (n=3; 14.2%).
Conclusions: Most of the sacrococcygeal tumours are benign, and the incidence of malignancy increases with age. Morbidity due to associated malformation and treatment may persist in these patients, especially like urinary complications stream (one-fifth) and faecal incontinence (one-seventh), as seen in our series. A proper long-term follow-up is needed for the management of late complications.
Correlation of cerebral blood flow velocity with haematocrit in neonates at risk of polycythaemia: a COHORT study
Authors: Madarkar Babu S. , C. Chandan , Devaranavadagi Ranganatha A.
Published: March 2024

Background: The incidence of polycythemia is 1.5-4% of all live births. To diagnose polycythemia, a venous hematocrit is necessary, and polycythaemia is linked to changes in cerebral blood flow. The primary objective is to compare cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) and resistance index (RI) between polycythemia and normocythemia groups. The secondary objective is to correlate the peak systolic velocity (PSV) of anterior and middle cerebral arteries (ACA and MCA) with hematocrit in neonates at risk for polycythemia.
Methods: In a prospective observational study, babies with a gestational age of >35 weeks and a risk factor for polycythaemia were enrolled in the study. Free-flowing venous blood was sent for haematocrit measurement between 2 and 6 hours of life. Repeat PCV is sent to babies with a prior value of PCV >65% at 36 hours of life or before discharge. PSV, end diastolic velocity (EDV), RI of ACA and MCA were measured using Mindray portable ultrasound machine with a mini- curved ultrasound transducer (8-13 mhz). Data is entered in excel and analysed.
Results: Out of 75 enrolled babies, 19 had polycythaemia. The mean PSV±SD of MCA was 27.84±6.04 cm/s and 27.27±5.74 cm/s in the normocythemia and polycythemia groups, respectively, at 6 hours of life, which is statistically insignificant. The mean PSV±SD of MCA was 31.41±6.92 cm/s and 29.61±6.57 cm/s in normocythemia and polycythaemia groups, respectively, at 36 hours of life, which is statistically insignificant too.
Conclusions: Cerebral Doppler values did not correlate with haematocrit between the normocythemia and polycythemia groups in the neonates at risk of polycythemia.
Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding knowledge and practices in a tertiary hospital of Central India
Authors: Sahu Bharti , Thakur Archana , Gupta Deepti , Singh Mrigendra P. , Shrivastava Ananya , Diwakar Priyanka , Sabin Lora L.
Published: March 2024

Background: Breastfeeding is a behavioural act of the mother, one that is affected by demographic, socioeconomic, and faith factors as well as by cultural traditions and beliefs. However, there is little scientific literature on potential gaps between knowledge and standard practices regarding exclusive breastfeeding and its predictors among mothers in central India.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted to explore the knowledge, perceptions, practices, and the associated factors of exclusive breastfeeding among urban and rural mothers at a tertiary hospital of central India.
Results: A total of 500 post-natal mothers at the study hospital were interviewed to assess their knowledge and practices of exclusive breastfeeding. The study revealed that knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding was 47% while breastfeeding practices for up to six months of babies was reported by only 15% of participants. Breastfeeding within one hour of birth was reported by 31% of mothers. About 62% did not feed colostrum, while 57% fed their baby pre-lacteal feed. Mothers belonging to a rural community, living in joint family, literate, employed, better-off economic status, multigravida, having a previous history of vaginal delivery, and male child, and those counselled regarding breastfeeding during ANC visits had higher knowledge and better practices of exclusive breastfeeding.
Conclusions: The findings of the study suggest an urgent need for regular counselling in ANC clinics to promote exclusive breastfeeding among women and their family caregivers. Breastfeeding awareness education programs for all pregnant women are recommended to ensure that mothers learn best practices regarding breastfeeding and its benefits.
Shaken baby syndrome in neonate: a clinical masquerade
Authors: Babu Asha , Zacharias Rekha , Thattarathodi Mufeethali , Patel Dimple
Published: March 2024

Abusive head trauma, which is a subset of Shaken baby syndrome, refers to a type of brain injury that occurs when the baby's head is subjected to undesirable forces. The characteristic lack of contributory history often leads to misdiagnosis, delayed treatment and suboptimal clinical outcome. We reported a neonatal presentation of abusive head trauma which posed significant diagnostic challenges. This manuscript depicts our journey to the correct diagnosis and also a review of current literature on abusive head trauma.
Value-semantic orientations of the personality of the potential scientific and engineering elite
Authors: Timofeeva Yulia N. , Voronova Tatyana A.
Published: March 2024

Based on a longitudinal study, the article analyzes the dynamics of the social, academic and professional components of university adjustment of medical students studying under employer-sponsored contract from the first to the third, year of study. It is stated that the level of social adjustment at a university is most reduced in the first year, which is the initial stage of entering the university environment. A decrease of the level of academic component of university adjustment was revealed in the second year of study. A statistically significant positive shift of the level of the professional component of university adjustment was noted among students studying under employer-sponsored contract in the third year of study.
Meaningful manifestations of types of sensitivity to humans among students of psychological and pedagogical areas of training
Authors: Smirnova Olga V. , Lovkova Ekaterina A.
Published: March 2024

Sensitivity to another person is one of the most important personal and professional competencies of students of psychological and pedagogical areas of training. During the empirical study it has been established that along with a sensitive type (where all components of sensitivity appear at a high level), more often than others, students of psychological and pedagogical areas of training have an emotional-altruistic type, which indicates an insufficient development of interest in another and understanding a person, as well as an intuitive type that is associated with difficulties in understanding the inner world of another. In addition, an insensitive type often manifests itself, representatives of which demonstrate an insufficient level of formation of all components of sensitivity to humans. The results obtained can be used in organizing educational work at the university, as well as in the process of developing special programs to form sensitivity to another person among future teachers and psychologists.
On the issue of the latency of corruption crimes in the field of physical culture and sports
Authors: Solovyev Oleg G. , Knyazkov Alexander A.
Published: March 2024

The article analyzes the main reasons for the latency of crimes in the field of physical culture and sports. The authors, in general, note that the situation has not changed significantly even ten years after the legislator adopted the first attempt to improve the norms aimed at combating the illegal influence on the result of sports competitions. Among the reasons for the latency of crimes, the authors attributed the closeness of the sports system and the peculiarities of the relationships between its participants; shortcomings of the blank legislation; lack of initiative on the part of law enforcement agencies. The inconsistency of legislative decisions in terms of strengthening the repressive potential of criminal law and blanket legislation and the simultaneous legalization of a closed procedure for the consideration of disputes in sports is noted. In addition, the authors note ambiguous approaches to the identification, suppression and investigation of the investigated encroachments by the criminal justice authorities, explore regulatory options for improving the norm of unlawful influence on the results of sports competitions, analyze issues of countering other corrupt manifestations in the field of sports functioning.
The Russian factor in the development of France's strategic culture
Authors: Yaskevich Anastasia I.
Published: March 2024

Due to the development of the Ukrainian crisis and, as a result, the change in the international situation, the French leadership has taken steps to change its foreign policy course, including with regard to Russia. Issues related to understanding the strategic culture of France are key in developing a foreign policy course towards our country, which requires a modern response. However, strategic culture as a concept has not been studied much and continues to be the subject of research by scientists. The strategic culture of France has been formed over a large number of years, and now the French strategic culture is embodied in the positioning of the state abroad, has its own style and specific features. The current situation in modern international relations regarding the deterioration of relations between Russia and France requires theoretical study aimed at identifying the foundations of France's strategic culture and its influence in order to form a foreign policy.
The role of youth in overcoming the digital divide between generational groups
Authors: Kostina Natalia B. , Chizhov Alexander A.
Published: March 2024

One of the main resources of modern society is information and digital technologies for its processing. Access to information, digital products and services helps reduce barriers in an individual’s interaction with the state, organizations, and other individuals, and provides opportunities for personal development and active participation in solving social issues. At the same time, the uneven distribution of information infrastructure, differences in the skills of users when working with digital products, as well as varying degrees of motivation of individuals to work on the Internet form digital divide. Based on the key concepts of digital divide, in September 2022 - April 2023, the authors conducted a sociological study in which residents of the Sverdlovsk region took part. Based on the results of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that age is one of the key factors in the reproduction of digital divide, and therefore digital divide between generations of modern Russian society is relevant. The results of the study demonstrated the leading role of youth in bridging the digital divide between generational groups, since young Internet users have more developed digital skills, and representatives of the older generation are ready to acquire these skills when interacting with youth.
Zagrożenia dla ludności cywilnej w globalnym środowisku bezpieczeństwa. Wybrane aspekty
Authors: Żebrowski Andrzej , Szkurłat Izabela
Published: March 2024

Środowisko człowieka to kooperacja pozytywna i negatywna, której towarzyszy wojna nerwów. Ewoluująca i dynamicznie zmieniająca się przestrzeń bezpieczeństwa poszczególnych państw jest źródłem wielu złożonych zagrożeń o zróżnicowanych podłożach. Bardzo często nakładają się one na siebie, co oznacza, że trudno je rozpoznawać i zwalczać. Występują tak w sferze niemilitarnej, jak i militarnej. Ich wieloaspektowość sprawia, że poszczególne aspekty mogą dominować i jeśli nie pojawią się na początku określonej sytuacji, to wystąpią w trakcie. Zawsze jednak należy mieć na uwadze, że zagrożenia polityczne będą dominowały. Warto podkreślić, że pojawienie się jednego zagrożenia pociąga za sobą kolejne. Szczególnie niebezpieczne są zagrożenia naturalne i celowe związane z negatywną działalnością człowieka, która stanowi zagrożenie tak dla niego, jak i jego środowiska. Dysponuje on szerokim spektrum narzędzi pozwalających na prowadzenie działalności destrukcyjnej. Wiedza o zagrożeniach i ich monitorowanie pozwala na podejmowanie działań wyprzedzających, co z kolei pozawala na minimalizowanie strat zasobów.
Age, gender, and self-concept as predictors of solid waste management among residents in cross river state, Nigeria
Authors: Beshel Cecilia Akpana , Asor Love Joseph , Ojong Aganyi Asu , Betiang Peter Aniah , Ironbar Virginia Emmanuel
Published: March 2024

This research investigated the correlation between individuals' age, attitude, and practices in handling solid waste in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study formulated three hypotheses to guide its direction and utilised a survey research design. The participants included 1,106 individuals selected through random sampling from a population of 6,923 using a stratified approach. The researchers developed a questionnaire, which six experts validated, and its reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha method. Various statistical methods were employed to test the hypotheses at a significance level of 0.05, including simple regression, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and an independent t-test. The outcomes revealed that age, gender, and self-concept influenced solid waste management practices within the studied population. Specifically, males and individuals with a strong self-concept exhibited more active engagement in solid waste management than their female and low-self-concept counterparts. The data indicated that respondents aged 38 and above demonstrated the highest level of involvement in solid waste management, followed by those aged 18-27. Conversely, respondents aged 28-37 exhibited the lowest extent of engagement in solid waste management practices. This study has valuable implications for policymakers, waste management professionals, and community stakeholders. The insights can guide the development of evidence-based strategies to encourage responsible waste management behaviours, thereby contributing to a cleaner and more sustainable future.
Board independence, women directors and firm performance in Malaysian small-cap firms
Authors: Abdullah Shamsul Nahar , Aziz Azbariyah , Naz Farah , Zahra Kanwal
Published: March 2024

This study examined how board independence and female directors (i.e., women in leadership) affected the performance of Malaysian small-cap firms. Small-cap firms trading on the Bursa Malaysia ACE (Access, Certainty Efficiency) market were the subject of this study due to the less strict listing standards imposed on them than large-listed firms. The 2012-2014 annual reports of firms listed on the ACE market were downloaded through the Bursa Malaysia website and the required data was hand-collected. The hypotheses were tested using quantile regression (QR). The data reveal that board independence and firm performance are unrelated unless company performance is in the 0.10 quantile. Board independence has a negative impact on business performance at the 0.10 quantile.  Similarly, the connection between women directors and business success was negative in the lower quintiles particularly in the 0.10 and 0.30 quantiles. Nevertheless, in other quantiles, board independence and the presence of female directors on firm performance were not associated. The significance of the study lies in the possibility that small firms might find it excessively expensive to comply with the Malaysian Code of Corporate Governance (MCCG).   This study examines the hitherto ignored roles of board independence and women directors in small-cap enterprises on firm performance.
An investigation of K–12 teachers' perception and use of differentiated instruction based on qualification, training, and experience
Authors: Shareefa Mariyam , Moosa Visal , Hoo Wong Chee
Published: March 2024

The purposes of the current study are to examine the levels of teachers’ perception and implementation of differentiated instruction (DI) and investigate the difference between teachers’ perception and the implementation of DI based on their qualifications, training in teaching students with special educational needs (SEN) and teaching experience. By employing a cross-sectional design, this study administered a survey to select 262 K–12 teachers working in Maldivian schools. Descriptive statistics including cross-tabulation were used in this study as the method of data analysis. Findings revealed that, for both perception and implementation of DI, the majority of teachers (52.8% and 52.3%, respectively) scored higher than the average. With respect to teachers’ perception, the results indicate that the majority of those who have a master’s level qualification (47.1%) had a low level of perception, while the vast majority of those who had specialized SEN training (75.0%) had a higher level of perception. With regard to implementation, unlike teachers with a bachelor’s degree or diploma level qualifications, the majority of those who have a master’s level qualification had a higher level of implementation (57.1%). Moreover, teachers who had specialized in SEN training had a higher level of implementation (66.7%), while the majority of the most experienced teachers had a lower level of implementation (51.3%). These findings confirm the importance of teachers’ continuous professional development, especially those who teach in high key-stage classes.
The effectiveness of the P5BL model in teaching biology for developing high school students’ deep understanding and academic achievement motivation
Authors: Tolba Ehab Gouda Ahmed , AL-Dhmen Amjed Ahmed Abdullah
Published: March 2024

This study aims to identify the effectiveness of the P5BL model in developing high school students’ deep understanding and academic achievement motivation in biology. To achieve the study objectives, a quasi-experimental design was adopted. The research sample consisted of 112 male students divided into two groups: a control group (54 students) and an experimental group (58 students). The research tools are a deep understanding achievement test, consisting of 20 multiple-choice questions, and the academic achievement motivation scale, consisting of 32 items. The results revealed that the P5BL model is effective in developing second-grade high school students’ deep understanding (explanation, interpretation, application and perspective) and academic achievement motivation (academic ambition, goal orientation, achievement orientation and cognitive motivation). A correlation was also found between developing second-grade high school students’ deep understanding and academic achievement motivation. The most important recommendations include the need to prepare guidance for science teachers to help them teach using the P5BL model, as well as inform science teachers of the importance of using the P5BL model to develop deep understanding and academic achievement motivation. Many suggestions are also presented, including conducting further research on teaching biology, such as investigating the impact of the P5BL model on developing students' creative thinking and inquiry skills and investigating the effectiveness of the P5BL model in developing pre-service biology teachers’ tendency toward self-reflection and reflective thinking skills.
Leveraging challenges: Advancing digital education in the digital frontier
Authors: Kaur Navpreet , Gopal Krishan
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the difficulties faced by teachers while delivering online classes and to find various strategies to address these concerns. This study also aims to examine the post-pandemic shift toward blended teaching along with traditional methods. The present study utilizes a qualitative approach. The sample of the study comprises teachers in higher education institutions (HEIs) in Punjab. Semi-structured in-depth interviews with 32 teachers were conducted regarding the challenges they face while conducting online classes. The analysis was done using ATLAS.ti version 8. The findings shed light on six different categories of the difficulties faced by teachers: teaching amidst the home setting, assessment and evaluation, students’ engagement in online learning, technical problems, personal problems faced by the teachers, and issues related to institutional support. The study also tries to illustrate the transition from online to blended teaching, which has now become a new normal or the ‘next normal,’ despite the challenges. COVID-19 is one of the most severe issues that humanity has ever encountered. The transition and acceptance process varied across countries, regions, and institutions due to local circumstances and guidelines, but it was undoubtedly a roller coaster for teachers. Different individuals gradually unfolded the challenges. Blended education offers a flexible solution that can effectively address the challenges associated with online education in the post-pandemic era.
Productive and Reproductive Performance of Indigenous Milch Cows under Different Herd Structure of Gaushalas
Authors: Chandra Subhash , Kamboj M.L. , Singh Man , Kumar Chandan
Published: March 2024

Background: The present investigation was carried out to study the “productive and reproductive performance” of Indigenous Milch Cows reared under Gaushalas. This study describes productive and reproductive performance of milch cows through onsite observation and interviews with structured questionnaires of 30 (no.) Gaushalas randomly selected from 10 districts of Haryana. Methods: The total 30 Gaushala in 10 districts of Haryana were studied, which were rearing more than 34,279 indigenous cows (mostly Hariana and Sahiwal cow). These Gaushalas were divided into three categories based on the total number of animals present in Gaushalas as small (100-500 animals), medium (501-1000 animals) and large size Gaushalas ( greater than 1000 animals). To assess the productive performance of the milch cows, milk yield per day (MY/D), lactation length (LL) and lactation yield (LY) were utilized as indicator traits. In addition, age at first calving (AFC), service period (SP), number of services per conception (NSPC) and calving interval (CI) were considered as an indicator of the reproductive performance traits. Result: It was observed that the average milk yield per day and lactation yield in large size gaushala were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher than the medium size Gaushalas and small size Gaushalas. Large Gaushalas had a significantly higher lactation length (P less than 0.05) than small size Gaushala. The average service period, number of services per conception and calving interval in large size Gaushalas were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower as compared to small size Gaushalas. From the above finding, it could be concluded that the productive and reproductive performance were better in large size Gaushalas.
Ameliorative Effect of Naringenin in 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Hepatotoxicity: An Experimental Study on Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Vemula Sravathi , Mylaram Jeevanalatha , Yadala Ravikumar , Banothu Anilkumar , Aasritha Sanduri , Mounika Kamishetti , Hanuman Donga Durga Veera
Published: March 2024

Background: Hepatotoxicity is an adverse complication in 5-Fluorouracil cancer treatment. Inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis and DNA damage are essential in the pathogenesis of liver damage. The present study evaluated the ameliorative effect of Naringenin (NG) in 5-FU at two different intervals in hepatic damage. Methods: Total (n=48) Albino Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (N=12), Control-normal saline (group-1) per oral, 5-FU (group-2) @ 20 mg/kg b.wt was injected intraperitoneal (IP) for first 5 days, NG (group-3) @100 mg/kg b. wt/day orally for 28 days. Another group-4 was concurrently treated with NG along with 5-FU for 28 days and sacrificed on the 14th and 28th day of the experiment. Result: On exposure to 5-FU, biochemical variation of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP and TP) were significantly increased while NG treatment significantly reduced these biomarkers in group 2 on 14th day and 28th day of the experiment. Furthermore, NG treatment significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and increases the antioxidant profile. It also significantly reduced elevated concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin -1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) with increased concentrations of interleukin-10 (IL-10) along with reduced immunohistochemical expression of nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and Caspases -3 (Cas-3) by NG. On histopathology, pathological lesions were observed to support biochemical variations in group-2 rats. In group-4 rats, NG ameliorates liver enzymes, inflammatory cytokines and oxidative indices through an anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic property.
BUDUĆNOST OBRAZOVANJA I PITANJE O SUBJEKTU
Authors: ĐIKANOVIĆ MINA
Published: March 2024

U tekstu se istražuje pitanje budućnosti obrazovanja iz konteksta subjekta obrazovanja. U kontrastu s (neo)humanističkom tradicijom, savremene obrazovne tendencije pokazuju izrazitu sklonost ka usklađivanju obrazovnih principa sa zahtevima tržišta rada, umesto sa potpunim razvojem čoveka. Na taj način se u čitavom procesu gubi ideja čoveka kao subjekta obrazovanja i ustupa mesto pretpostavci da su učenici i studenti zapravo objekti. Vraćanje subjektiviteta subjektu moguće je kroz uključivanje humanističkih elemenata obrazovanja u pragmatički model.
PROBLEM METAFORE: LOK, NIČE, DERIDA
Authors: RUDIĆ LUKA
Published: March 2024

Metaforički govor predstavlja inspirativnu temu za filozofsko istraživanje i kao takav bio je obrađivan od strane mnogih filozofa. U ovom radu istraživaćemo dva posve drugačija pristupa datoj temi. S jedne strane analiziraćemo Lokove Oglede te prikazati jedno tradicionalno-metafizičko razumevanje metafore. Dato razumevanje kontrastriraćemo sa onim koje iznosi Niče u svom ranom tekstu O istini i laži u izvanmoralnom smislu. Nastojaćemo da pokažemo da Niče vrši preokretanje tradicionalne metafizičke slike o radu metafore i time otvara prostor savremenog razmatranja metafore. Kao temeljna linija interpretacije poslužiće nam Deridina Bela mitologija koja ukazuje na inherentnu suplementarnost metafore i označavanja uopšte.
PROBLEM ESHATONA U DELIMA RUDOLFA BULTMANA
Authors: TODOROVIĆ KRISTINA
Published: March 2024

S obzirom na činjenicu da je Rudolf Bultman bio sveštenik i teolog koji je istovremeno bio zainteresovan za pitanja savremene filozofije, autor nastoji da ispita da li su Bultmanova razmatranja problema istorije bliže hrišćanskim ili savremenim koncepcijama. Autor smatra da se do odgovora na to pitanje može doći analizom pojma eshaton, koji je centralni pojam za razumevanje hrišćanskih koncepcija istorije. Rezultati ovih istraživanja treba da pokažu da se Bultmanova razmatranja pojma eshatona razlikuju od tradicionalno hrišćanskih tumačenja ovog pojma. Na taj način, Bultmanova misao doprinosi tome da pojedine hrišćanske ideje nastavljaju svoj život kroz prizmu egzistencijalističke filozofije.
KRITIKA MORALNE FILOZOFIJE TRANSHUMANIZMA
Authors: VČEV IVAN , KELAM IVICA
Published: March 2024

Cilj je ovoga rada bio filozofski istražiti transhumanizam. Transhumanizam, transhumano, transhumanisti – riječi su koje se danas, zbog društveno-tehnoloških previranja posljednjih godina, pripisuju svemu i svačemu. Međutim u stvarnosti, transhumanizam je pokret marginalnih intelektualaca ujedinjenih oko ideje o tehnološkom poboljšanju čovjeka s konačnim ciljem nadilaženja ljudske naravi. Metodološki gledano, istraga je ovog članka provedena na sljedeći način: prvo smo odredili esencijalne elemente transhumanizma kroz povijesno-kulturni pregled samog pokreta, a zatim smo te elemente analizirali držeći se osnovnih principa naravnog razuma. Sam rad napisan je u duhu skolastičke filozofije. Iako se on ne poziva ni na jednu istinu Otkrivenja, sama činjenica da je filozofija iznikla u krilu Crkve jedina koja je do današnjeg dana sačuvala sve istine naravnog razuma, predstavlja nam dokaz istinitosti onih koje je Bog poslao.
VLAST U FARABIJEVOJ UTOPIJI (VRLOM GRADU)
Authors: HALILOVIĆ AMRA
Published: March 2024

Jedan od prvih a ujedno i najznačajnijih predstavnika islamske filozofske misli Abu Nasr Farabi, koji je odigrao izuzetno važnu ulogu u povezivanju starogrčke filozofske baštine s islamskom teološkom tradicijom, posvetio je posebnu pažnju političkoj i socijalnoj filozofiji. Njegova ideja o utopiji, odnosno o „vrlom gradu (al-madina al-fadila)“, izazvala je razne reakcije u kasnijim generacijama filozofa i mislilaca. Avicena, Ibn Tufeil, pa i Šihabudin Suhravardi nastojali su da se kritički osvrnu na Farabijeve izjave i ideje. Pojmovi i sintagme poput političke filozofije, socijalne filozofije, politike, vlasti, grada i društva u njegovim delima razmotreni su racionalnom metodom veoma obuhvatno. Mi ćemo se u ovom radu fokusirati na ideju o konceptu vlasti u njegovom utopijskom razumevanju „vrlog grada“. Tom prilikom, nastojaćemo da se u što većoj meri koristimo njegovim originalnim delima pisanim na arapskom jeziku. Metodološki je važno napomenuti da Farabijevi stavovi o socijalnoj filozofiji nisu važni i značajni samo u filozofskom smislu, već mogu poslužiti i istoričarima misli, budući da je Farabi uvek nastojao da svoja racionalna zapažanja bar delimično poveže i s objektivnim društvenim i političkim stanjem u periodu abasidske dinastije u kojem je on živeo.
NOVA SVETLOST NOVOG DOBA
Authors: POPOVIĆ UNA
Published: March 2024

Ovaj rad posvećen je razmatranju prosvetiteljske ideje znanja i naučnosti, analizirane na pozadini opštih tendencija novovekovnog mišljenja koje prosvetiteljstvu prethodi i priprema ga. Promena razumevanja znanja biće predstavljena kratkom analizom metafore svetlosti, sada rezervisane isključivo za prirodne saznajne moći. Na temelju te analize, dalje će ukratko biti predstavljena i osnovna ideja naučnosti oličena u Enciklopediji, kao otvorenom i nedovršenom, ali ipak metodski ustrojenom sistemu znanja.
The State Policy of the USSR in Relation to the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in the Second Half of the 20th Century. The Organizational and Legal Aspect
Authors: Fil’ Marina
Published: March 2024

The article deals with the methods of state management of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in the period 1960–1991. It also provides examples related to organizational reforming and the party’s management of academic science in 1960–1989. It is noted that the directive state management of science in the Soviet Union sometimes did not yield the necessary results, and in some areas led to a underdevelopment in comparison with the leading countries (for instance, in the field of computer technology). While developments in the field of natural and technical sciences generally received the support of higher authorities due to the need to constantly deal with the issues of the national defense capability, research in the domain of social sciences was not well funded and was under close ideological control from the Communist Party. The discussed initiatives on the foundation of the Academy of Sciences of the RSFSR, the proposed models of its organization and features of its legal status are considered. The work offers insight into the chronicle of the transformation of the USSR Academy of Sciences into the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1989–1991.
The author concludes that, in the opinion of the Russian Academy of Sciences, its main achievement at the time of its reactivation was the transition to new principles of activity — broad self-government and property independence. They were enshrined in the Decree of the President of the RSFSR No. 228 and consistent with the spirit of the age. The RAS fought for the preservation of these principles until 2013. But this is a completely different story.
An Interpretation of Digitalization of Science: A Comparative Outline of the Main Analytical Approaches
Authors: Sokolov Dmitry
Published: March 2024

The article attempts to summarize the most significant approaches to understanding the digitalization of science. We proceed from the assumption that the development of theoretical models for assessing the “digital turn” will not only help to clarify the changes taking place in science, but will also allow us to better understand them, as well as possibly regulate various aspects of digitalization. We can say that by the 2010s at least four categories (or clusters) of approaches to the conceptualization of digitalization have developed, and each category often operates with its own definitions and a separate conceptual framework. This refers to scientometric, economic, information technology (IT) and sociological approaches to understanding the process of digitalization in science. Even a cursory comparison of their specific characteristics allows us to say that all the paradigms listed above have a number of common features and are based on several fundamental premises regarding the trends in the development of science and education, although an assessment of these trends, as well as an emphasis within each approach can differ significantly. We can single out three most large-scale complexes of phenomena that are in the focus of researchers in the field of digitalization of science: this is the formation of a global academic community thanks to digital services (1), the personalization of higher education (2) and the problem of digital inequality (3). The juxtaposition of these processes, thus, significantly changes several important features of science in general, forcing the academic community to raise questions about the definitions and essence of scientific knowledge once again.