bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planos estaduais de educação: desafios às vinculações com outros instrumentos de gestão local da educação
Authors: SOUZA DONALDO BELLO DE , MENEZES JANAÍNA SPECHT DA SILVA
Published: October 2017

RESUMO A aprovação do novo Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE) - Lei nº 13.005/2014 - associa-se à superação de desafios relacionados ao planejamento sistematizado da educação no Brasil. Elaborar e configurar os Planos Estaduais de Educação (PEEs) como tradutores e articuladores locais do PNE constituem-se reptos não superados pelo PNE 2001-2010, que agora ressurgem com o novo plano. Este artigo, visando contribuir para o enfrentamento de tais desafios, analisa as vinculações previstas por 11 PEEs em relação a outros instrumentos de gestão local da educação, como o Plano Municipal de Educação (PME), o Plano de Desenvolvimento da Educação (PDE), as Leis Orçamentárias (LOs) e o Projeto Político-Pedagógico (PPP). Entre outras conclusões, evidencia insuficiências prescritivas relativas à integração desses PEEs à gestão estadual da educação, assim como ao seu planejamento nacional e municipal, expressão da desarticulação para com aquela política pública, cuja avaliação coloca em dúvida sua efetividade em termos do planejamento educacional local.
Iniciativas de avaliação do ensino fundamental em municípios brasileiros: mapeamento e tendências
Authors: BAUER ADRIANA , SOUSA SANDRA MARIA ZAKIA LIAN , HORTA NETO JOÃO LUIZ , VALLE RAQUEL DA CUNHA , PIMENTA CLÁUDIA OLIVEIRA
Published: October 2017

RESUMO Visando a mapear e caracterizar iniciativas relacionadas às avaliações em larga escala em desenvolvimento nos municípios brasileiros, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa com abrangência nacional. Seus resultados são tratados no presente artigo, que se organiza em quatro seções. Inicialmente, apresenta-se uma síntese dos estudos já produzidos sobre a temática e, em seguida, explicitam-se os procedimentos metodológicos. Na terceira seção são discutidos os resultados obtidos por meio de survey, que abarcam informações obtidas de 4.309 municípios brasileiros. Por fim, são expostas conclusões acerca das concepções presentes nas avaliações propostas pelos municípios, bem como os usos dos resultados que as gestões desses entes federados fazem das diversas avaliações existentes, que evidenciam a consolidação da avaliação em larga escala como instrumento de gestão educacional nas municipalidades.
Conocimiento educativo en el contexto escolar y en la educación familiar mapuche: principales tensiones epistemológicas
Authors: MILLÁN SEGUNDO ENRIQUE QUINTRIQUEO , MELLA ENRIQUE HERNÁN RIQUELME , SAAVEDRA SOLEDAD MORALES , RAPIMÁN DANIEL QUILAQUEO , SURJAN MARITZA CECILIA GUTIÉRREZ
Published: October 2017

RESUMEN En este artículo se comparan perspectivas sobre la integración del conocimiento mapuche, en la educación escolar y en la educación familiar, desde la perspectiva de padres, estudiantes y profesores de escuelas de la Novena Región de La Araucanía, Chile. Aborda las implicancias de un currículum y educación monocultural sobre la formación de niños mapuches, que presentan lógicas diferentes de saberes y conocimientos educativos. La metodología empleada es la investigación educativa, con un diseño descriptivo-comparativo. Participaron 455 estudiantes, 39 profesores, 148 padres y 48 sabios de las áreas Lafkenche y Pewenche. Los resultados muestran diferencias en la apreciación del conocimiento educativo mapuche en la escuela y familia, según territorialidad, roles y dominio de la lengua mapuche. Se concluye que las prácticas pedagógicas contextualizadas a las territorialidades constituyen una alternativa para generar el diálogo de saberes, desde el enfoque educativo intercultural en la formación escolar.
ESTILOS EDUCATIVOS FAMILIARES Y ACOSO ESCOLAR: UN ESTUDIO EN LA COMUNIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE LA RIOJA (ESPAÑA)
Authors: HERNÁEZ LARA LÓPEZ , GARCÍA ANTONIA RAMÍREZ
Published: October 2017

RESUMEN Se ha pretendido averiguar si el estilo educativo familiar influye en el desencadenamiento de acoso escolar, para lo que se ha estudiado primero el porcentaje de casos de acoso escolar y el estilo educativo familiar entre los participantes, así como la relación entre ambas variables. Se ha realizado un amplio estudio en la comunidad autónoma de La Rioja, a través de un cuestionario dirigido a 348 alumnos de la ESO, cuatro grupos de discusión con padres y alumnos de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) y entrevistas dirigidas a treinta profesionales de la educación. Los resultados muestran que la gran mayoría de las familias riojanas se relacionan con sus hijos de forma democrática, y a su vez, el porcentaje de acoso escolar en La Rioja es relativamente bajo. La conclusión principal es que los estilos democráticos parentales influyen altamente en el bajo porcentaje de acoso escolar, algo apoyado ampliamente por todos los participantes.
Academic success in schools in the Algarve: when leadership is part of the solution and not of the problem
Authors: QUINTAS HELENA , GONÇALVES JOSÉ ALBERTO , VALADAS SANDRA
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of a case study conducted among school principals in the southern region of Portugal, located in urban, suburban and rural settings. The five cases that comprise this study were subjected to a final rating of “Very Good” in the external evaluation process of schools, whose data were collected through semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis (regulations and educational project, reports of the external evaluation of responsibility of Inspeção Geral de Educação e Ciência de Portugal). The data collected in this exploratory study were systematized and analyzed according to the following indicators: the students’ academic success, the teachers’ professional development, the organizational development and the identifying features of schools principals. Overall, we cannot affirm the existence of differences according to geographical area, although some particularities which proved to be interesting and indicative of good leadership practices could be highlighted.
Das teorias críticas às críticas das teorias: um estudo indiciário sobre a conformação dos debates no campo curricular no Brasil
Authors: OLIVEIRA INÊS BARBOSA DE , SÜSSEKIND MARIA LUIZA
Published: October 2017

RESUMO O desenvolvimento do campo de estudos em Currículo no Brasil é marcado pela influência das teorias críticas que, mesmo quando deixam de ser majoritárias, permanece grande e talvez mesmo hegemônica, fazendo com que autores de outras tendências e matizes dialoguem com ela compulsoriamente, mesmo que de modo subliminar. Nossa hipótese de compreensão desse fenômeno vincula-se à importância intrínseca do debate para a constituição do campo do Currículo no país, considerando que as tendências pós-críticas hoje majoritárias são, elas mesmas, vinculadas a um pensamento progressista e de esquerda, a um projeto social emancipatório e democrático, ou seja, de certo modo emergiram, como as novas esquerdas, das teorias críticas e da esquerda tradicional. Procuramos, com isso, esboçar uma trajetória indiciária dessas teorias e os diálogos promovidos por/entre elas como elemento para a compreensão das tendências atuais no campo de estudos do Currículo e das relações que estabelecem entre si e com as teorias críticas.
Development and evaluation of low-cost walker with trunk support for senior citizen
Authors: Poier Paloma Hohmann , Godke Francisco , Foggiatto José Aguiomar , Ulbricht Leandra
Published: October 2017

Abstract OBJECTIVE Develop and evaluate a low-cost walker with trunk support for senior citizens. METHOD Two-stage descriptive study: development of a walker with trunk support and evaluation with fourth age senior citizens. RESULTS Twenty-three fourth age senior citizens were selected. The evaluated criteria were the immediate influence of the walker on the static stabilometry with baropodometer and the evaluation of gait with accelerometers monitoring time and amplitude of the hip movement. There was a significant decrease in the body oscillation of senior citizens with the use of the developed walker, and there were changes in the joint amplitudes of the hip, but they were not significant. CONCLUSION Using low-cost materials, it was possible to develop and equipment that met resistance and effectiveness requirements. The walker interfered in the balance of the senior citizens, reducing significantly the static body oscillation.
The practice of reporting adverse events in a teaching hospital
Authors: Siman Andréia Guerra , Cunha Simone Graziele Silva , Brito Maria José Menezes
Published: October 2017

Abstract OBJECTIVE Understanding the practice of reporting adverse events by health professionals. METHOD A qualitative case study carried out in a teaching hospital with participants of the Patient Safety Center and the nursing team. The collection took place from May to December 2015, and was conducted through interviews, observation and documentary research to treat the data using Content Analysis. RESULTS 31 professionals participated in the study. Three categories were elaborated: The practice of reporting adverse events; Barriers in the effective practice of notifications; The importance of reporting adverse events. CONCLUSION Notification was permeated by gaps in knowledge, fear of punishment and informal communication, generating underreporting. It is necessary to improve the interaction between leaders and professionals, with an emphasis on communication and educational practice.
Factors related to the perceived stigmatization of people living with HIV
Authors: Caliari Juliano de Souza , Teles Sheila Araujo , Reis Renata Karina , Gir Elucir
Published: October 2017

Abstract OBJECTIVE Analyzing the factors related to perceived stigmatization of people living with HIV. METHOD A cross-sectional study conducted from September of 2014 to December 2015 with users from a specialized service in Minas Gerais. Data were collected through individual instrument application, organized in Microsoft Office Excel(r) 2010 spreadsheets and processed on IBM(r) SPSS 23.0. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression method were used for data analysis, adopting statistical significance set at 5.0% (p≤0.05). The study development met research ethics standards. RESULTS 258 users participated in the study. Most were males between 40 and 49 years of age, single, with low educational level and income. Being between 40 and 49 years of age and having been hospitalized for complications related to HIV were positively associated predictors to increased stigmatization; while not having comorbidities and not being aware of exposure to HIV were predictors associated to reduced stigmatization. CONCLUSION Given these results, we highlight that stigmatization can have an impact on the lives of people living with HIV, strengthening their feelings of guilt and shame, which can lead to depression, social isolation and abandoning treatment and clinical follow-up.
Efficacy of prone position in acute respiratory distress syndrome: overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Dalmedico Michel Marcos , Salas Dafne , Oliveira Andrey Maciel de , Baran Fátima Denise Padilha , Meardi Jéssica Tereza , Santos Michelle Caroline
Published: October 2017

Abstract OBJECTIVE To identify and integrate the available scientific evidence related to the use of the prone position in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome for the reduction of the outcome variable of mortality compared to the dorsal decubitus position. METHOD Overview of systematic reviews or meta-analyzes of randomized clinical trials. It included studies that evaluated the use of prone positioning in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome published between 2014 and 2016. The AMSTAR tool was used to determine the methodological quality of studies. The GRADE system was used to establish the overall quality of evidence for the mortality outcome. RESULTS From the search strategy, were retrieved seven relevant manuscripts of high methodological quality. CONCLUSION Scientific evidence supports that combined use of protective ventilatory strategy and prone positioning for periods between 16 and 20 hours in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and PaO2/FiO2 ratio lower than 150 mm/Hg results in significant reduction of mortality rate.
Children with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: access to special immunobiological and child care
Authors: Wolkers Paula Carolina Bejo , Yakuwa Marina Sayuri , Pancieri Letícia , Mendes-Rodrigues Clesnan , Furtado Maria Cândida de Carvalho , Mello Débora Falleiros de
Published: October 2017

Abstract OBJECTIVES Identifying the use of child care situations, the vaccination situation and the reasons for non-vaccination, and characterizing whether mothers/guardians demonstrate notions about the right to special vaccines for children with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. METHOD A descriptive, cross-sectional study with analysis of quantitative data based on interviews with mothers/guardians, particularly regarding access to childcare and vaccination against influenza and pneumococcal 23-valent (PPSV). RESULTS 47 mothers/guardians participated in the study. The participants reported using more specialized services to follow child health, and only a few used the child care of the basic health care regularly. There were incomplete vaccination schedules, delayed annual follow-ups, missing vaccination cards at the consultations, misinformation about the special character of the vaccination, as well as emphasis on the need of presenting a specific form to obtain the vaccination, resulting in discontinuation of health actions and missed opportunities for vaccination. CONCLUSION Fragilities in child care and immunization actions require an increase of primary health care and of the care network, based on knowledge and the right to health in order to expand the evidence-based practice, access and comprehensiveness.
Quality of life in patients with chronic wounds: magnitude of changes and predictive factors
Authors: Santos Vera Lúcia Conceição de Gouveia , Oliveira Alcicléa dos Santos , Amaral Ana Flávia dos Santos , Nishi Erika Tihemi , Junqueira Jaqueline Betteloni , Kim See Hee Park
Published: October 2017

Abstract OBJECTIVE To assess health-related quality of life, its predictors and magnitude of changes in health-related quality of life in patients with chronic wounds receiving specialized outpatient treatment. METHOD Secondary, retrospective, descriptive, quantitative study with patients with chronic wounds from two specialized outpatient services in Brazil assessed through Ferrans & Powers Quality of Life Index-Wound Version, Visual Analog Pain Scale, Global Assessment Scale, Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing, sociodemographic and clinical questionnaires at baseline and after 60 days of treatment. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Spearman Coefficient, Mann-Whitney test and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Twenty-seven patients participated in the study. The overall health-related quality of life scale, health and functioning subscale and socioeconomic subscale scores increased after 60 days of treatment compared to baseline. Pain reduction was a predictor of changes in overall health-related quality of life score as well as religious practice in the family subscale. 92.6% patients perceived moderate to extensive changes in health-related quality of life. CONCLUSION there was improvement of health-related quality of life for the sample studied in the period; pain and religious practice have emerged as predictors of changes in health-related quality of life.
The cost of transcatheter aortic valve implantation according to different access routes
Authors: Bittar Eliana , Castilho Valéria
Published: October 2017

Abstract OBJECTIVE Identifying the average direct cost of TAVI (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation) for the different access routes. METHOD This is a research with a quantitative, exploratory and descriptive approach carried out in a government teaching hospital in the state of São Paulo. RESULTS The average direct cost of TAVI procedures by the access routes resulted in R$82,826.38 (transfemoral route), R$79,440.91 (transaortic route) and R$78,173.41 (transapical route). The transcatheter valve cost represented a percentage variation between 78.47% and 83.14% of the total cost of the procedure. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used and presented a statistically significant difference between the three access routes: p=0.008. The Bonferroni test showed a difference in the association between transfemoral and transapical routes, while no statistically significant difference was observed in association with the transaortic route. CONCLUSION The results are important for formulating adequate funding policies for the hospital network and understanding the costs according to the route facilitates rationalizing resources in order for them to be guaranteed for patients who present surgical contraindication to the valve implant.
Phytoplankton community dynamic detection from the chlorophyll-specific absorption coefficient in productive inland waters
Authors: Watanabe Fernanda Sayuri Yoshino , Alcântara Enner Herenio de , Rodrigues Thanan Walesza Pequeno , Bernardo Nariane Marselhe Ribeiro , Rotta Luiz Henrique da Silva , Imai Nilton Nobuhiro
Published: October 2017

Abstract Aim: In this research, we investigated the spectral variability of the specific phytoplankton absorption coefficient, a*φ, measured in a tropical meso-to-hypertrophic reservoir, aiming to find spectral features associated with the chlorophyll-a (chla) and other accessory pigments present in different phytoplankton species. Methods To accomplish this research, two fieldworks were carried out in different seasons in order to report a high bio-optical variation. Phytoplankton absorption coefficient, aφ, and chla concentration were measured in laboratory to estimate a*φ. Results The outcomes have indicated that there is a remarkable phytoplankton community dynamic as spatially as seasonally. Chla absorption features were well-defined at 440 nm and 675 nm. Conclusions All the a*φ spectra exhibited the absorption peak around 630 nm associated with phycocyanin pigment present in cyanobacteria. Some spectra have shown a peak at about 460 nm, which is related to chlorophyll b and chlorophyll c (chlb and chlc, respectively) found in different phytoplankton species. In turn, absorption features of carotenoids around 490 nm also were identified, however, well defined just in curves measured in austral autumn. Such spectral features are found in phytoplankton groups already identified in the study area such as Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Conjugatophyceae, Chrysophyceae, among others. We expect that the results are useful in researches about remote sensing of phytoplankton and eutrophication in reservoirs.
Endothelial paracellular permeability assay v1
Authors: Ruiz Remolina Laura
Published: October 2017

The human umbilical vein endothelial cell line EA.hy926 (ATCC; Mannasas, VA, USA) was cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) in an atmosphere of 5% CO2/95% air and 37°C. EA.hy926 cells (105cells/plate) were seeded in transwell inserts (Corning® BiocoatTM Cell Culture Inserts Collagen, Type I Rat Tail, 24-Well, 3 µm; Corning, NY, USA) and were cultured to confluence at 24 h. The cells were starved overnight and then activated with LPS (1 µg/ml) for 4 h. Upper chamber media, containing LPS (1 µg/ml) and soluble endoglin (500 ng/ml) for their respective treatments, were replaced with FITC-Dextran (40 kDa) at 1 mg/ml in DMEM. The bottom chambers were also replaced with DMEM. After 24 h at 37°C the inserts were removed, and the amount of fluorescence in the bottom chambers was measured using a fluorescence plate reader (Fluoroskan Ascent FL; Thermo Electron Corporation, Waltham, MA, USA).
Study of blood indices and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in differentiation of β-thalassemia trait and iron deficiency anaemia
Authors: Meshram Pravin M. , Kokandakar Hemant R. , Bindu Rajan S.
Published: October 2017

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and beta thalassaemia trait (BTT) are two of the most common causes of microcytic anemia.It is essential to differentiate between the two, so as to avoid unnecessary iron therapy which is contraindicated in beta thalassaemia .We retrospectively evaluated the reliability of various indices for differential diagnosis of microcytosis and 𝛽-TT in the same patient groups .Methods: A total of 200 patients were evaluated. We calculated 6 discrimination indices in all patients with anemia or suspected beta thalassemia. None of the subjects had  combined  IDA and 𝛽-TT. The patient groups were evaluated according to  the Mentzer, Shine and Lal, England and Fraser,Srivastava, Green and King, Ricerca.Results: According to percentage correctly diagnosed criteria, Ricerca  and Mentzer  index are considered as the two best discrimination indices in differentiation between β thalassemia trait  and iron deficiency anaemia .Youden’s index showed the following ranking with respect to the indices’ ability to distinguish between 𝛽-TT and IDA, Ricerca index >  Mentzer index > Green and King index >  Srivastava index >  Shine and Lal index > England and Fraser index.Conclusions: Ricerca  and Mentzer  index are considered as the two best discrimination indices in differentiation between β thalassemia trait  and iron deficiency anaemia.Keywords: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and beta thalassaemia trait (𝛽-TT)
Lipid profile in systemic lupus erythematosus: study from a tertiary teaching hospital of Eastern India
Authors: Dakua Simanchala , Behera Manoranjan , Panda Jayant Kumar , Padhi Prabhat Kumar
Published: October 2017

Background: Dyslipidemia is an independent modifiable risk factor for coronary artery disease. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have dyslipidemia and accelerated atherosclerosis; however, there is paucity of published data on the lipid profile in patients with SLE in Eastern India. This study was done to assess the prevalence and abnormality of lipid profile in patients with SLE admitted to a tertiary care teaching hospital in Eastern India.Methods: This was a hospital based prospective study evaluating SLE patients admitted to a tertiary care institution in Eastern India. 101 patients with SLE admitted consecutively and 100 age and sex matched controls were enrolled for study. Fasting total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured in plasma whereas very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) was calculated. Statistical analysis was done using the standard statistical techniques.Results: Out of 101 patients of SLE, 97 were female and 4 were of male gender. The age of the patients ranged from 15 to 47 years with a mean of 27.17 (±8.4) years. Dyslipidemia was found in 58(57.4%) patients. Hypercholesterolemia was found in 23 (22.7%), hypertriglyceridemia in 55 (54.4%), raised LDL-C in 24 (23.7%) cases. Raised TC, TG, and LDL-C was found in 18 (17.8%), and raised TC, TG, LDL-C and low HDL-C was found in 9 (8.9%) cases. There was significant increase in serum cholesterol, triglyceride and VLDL-C while decrease in HDL-C in SLE patients than controls (p <0.001). Statistically no difference in lipid profile was found in between groups of SLE receiving steroid and without steroid.Conclusions: Abnormal lipid profiles are very common in patients with SLE, though the patients are very young. Control of dyslipidemia can favourably affect cardiovascular related morbidity and mortality.
Role of induced sputum with hypertonic saline in the early diagnosis of no / inadequate sputum or sputum smear negative suspected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Kapur Mayank , Luhadia Atul , Luhadia Shanti Kumar
Published: October 2017

Background: Pulmonary Tuberculosis is one of the common infections in the world, especially in developing countries like India and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, early diagnosis and microbiological confirmation of pulmonary TB is important. This study was done to assess the role of induced sputum with hypertonic saline in suspected pulmonary TB patients who produce no or inadequate sputum or who are sputum for AFB smear negative.Methods: 100 patients with clinical and radiological evidence of pulmonary TB with no or inadequate sputum or who are smear negative with spontaneous sputum were included in the study. Sputum was induced with 5ml of 3% hypertonic saline delivered through nebulizer and then was sent for Ziehl Neelsen staining examination.Results: 96 patients could produce adequate sputum after sputum induction. In 47 patients, sputum for AFB smear was found positive after induction.Conclusions: Sputum induction is a safe, cheap and non-invasive procedure and offers an alternative or additional approach in the diagnosis of sputum smear-negative suspected pulmonary tuberculosis patients and would enhance sensitivity for the diagnosis of tuberculosis.
Clinical presentation, risk factors, complications and outcome of acute myocardial infarction in elderly patients
Authors: S. Sandhya , P. Mohanraj
Published: October 2017

Background: Myocardial Infarction is one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity among the elderly patients. Also, it is known for wide range of clinical presentations other than chest pain. This article enlightens the clinical features, risk factors, complications, prognosis and outcome of Acute myocardial infarction in elderly patients. The objective of this study was to assess the risk factors, various symptoms, complications, prognosis and outcome of elderly patients with Acute myocardial Infarction (AMI).  Methods: This is a prospective study done over a period of two years in a tertiary care hospital in South India. 80 elderly patients who were diagnosed as AMI were included in the study.Results: Among the eighty patients the majority of the patients belonged to the age group 60-69 years. Twenty percent of the patients presented without chest pain. The atypical presentations included dyspnoea, giddiness, vomiting, sweating and epigastric pain. Mortality rate was 20%.Conclusions: This study showed that even though chest pain was the most common presentation in elderly AMI patients, they were also found to have atypical presentations like shortness of breath, giddiness, vomiting, sweating and epigastric pain. This signifies the need of examining physicians to meticulously identify acute myocardial infarction in elderly though they may not present typically.
Overweight and obesity and lifestyle of urban adolescent school children of eastern state of India
Authors: Panda Sadhu Charan
Published: October 2017

Background: There is reduction of childhood under nutrition and at the same time  a gradual increase in childhood obesity especially urban area is seen due to rapid urbanization, economic and food transition and changes in lifestyle. On this backdrop present study is taken up to find out the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescent school children of urban Sambalpur and its association with lifestyle behaviour.Methods: A comparative, cross-sectional study was conducted from December, 2016 to April 2017 among 600 children of class VI to X of two government and two private schools. Thirty students were chosen in each class using systematic sampling method. Pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used to elicit the information on demographic variables and lifestyle behaviours. The risk factors were assessed by using the Chi-square test. For all the statistical tests, a p- value of<0.05 was considered as statistically significantResults: Prevalence of overweight and obesity were 8.9% and 3.4% respectively. Obesity was found more among girls (3.8%) and more children from private school were obese. Association of fast food, physical inactivity with obesity was significant.Conclusions: Overall combined prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity  was 12.3 per cent. Percentage of overweight and obese children studying in private schools was more as compared to government school children. School health program should incorporate health education of teachers, students, parents and a convergence of education and health sector can reduce the modifiable lifestyle behaviours.
A clinical study on ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Soren Mamata , Patnaik Ranjita , Sarangi Bismoy Kumar
Published: October 2017

Background: Ruptured ectopic pregnancy is a medical emergency; therefore, it is imperative to diagnose the unruptured ectopic pregnancy such that timely intervention will prevent morbidity and mortality Today with availability of monoclonal β-HCG, high resolution transvaginal scan and laparoscopy it is possible to make early diagnosis even before rupture.Methods: Prospective study of two years duration with sample of 72 cases of suspected ectopic pregnancy observed and treated out of total 20193 pregnant women admitted were included in this study.Results: The incidence was 0.36%, maximum between the age group of 26-30 years (33.3%). Risk factors were tubectomy (30.56%), D and C (6.94%), PID (5.6%), previous ectopic (1.39%), IUCD (2.78%). The typical triad of amenorrhoea, pain abdomen and bleeding was observed in 54.2% of cases. 19 patients were brought in shock (26.4%). Ultrasonography done in 56 cases.Conclusions: There is an increase in the incidence of ectopic pregnancy but a decrease in maternal mortality during the past two decades. Although the early diagnostic tools were available, we had to manage most of our patients as surgical emergencies, as they were brought late in the trial, with established diagnosis of ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Physicians should be sensitive to the fact that in the reproductive age group any women presenting with pain in the lower abdomen, diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy should be entertained irrespective of the presence or absence of amenorrhoea, whether or not she has undergone sterilization.
Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Behera Bijaya K. , M. Sanjay
Published: October 2017

Background: Present study was conducted with an objective to study the prevalence of left ventricular hyper trophy (LVH) by echocardiography in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to find out correlation of left ventricular hypertrophy with severity of chronic kidney disease.Methods: From November 2012 to September 2014, 100 chronic kidney disease patients who were admitted in hospital or attended on OPD basis for dialysis were taken for study. Detailed history, clinical evaluation, laboratory investigations and echocardiography was carried out. The diagnosis of CKD was made on basis of serum creatinine more than 1.5 mg/dl which remained constantly for more than 3 months. Patients with mild, moderate and severe CKD were having serum creatinine level 1.5-3mg/dl, 3-6mg/dl and > 6mg/dl respectively. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated by modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) equation. Cut-off for CKD was taken to be <60ml/min / 1.73m2 as per existing guidelines.Results: Out of 100 patients studied, 67 were males and 33 were females. All patients were selected randomly. Majority of the patients were in the age group of 61 -70 years (41%). In the present study, it was found that left ventricular mass index (LVMI) which reflects LVH showed a progressive rise in severity of renal failure with 17 % of mild category of CKD having LVH as compared to 26% of moderate category and 57% of severe category of CKD.Conclusions: Patients with CKD have LVH, which is more marked in patients with severe CKD. So, these patients should have a thorough cardiovascular evaluation even if there were no symptoms, and efforts should be made to prevent LVH, during the early course of renal insufficiency, such as strict control of hypertension, anaemia.
A prospective and open label study of use of cilnidipine and chlorthalidone fixed dose combination in Indian hypertensive patients, intolerant or uncontrolled on amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide combination
Authors: Sagarad Suresh V. , S. Hari Prasad
Published: October 2017

Background:Primary aim of this study was to evaluate the antihypertensive efficacy of the Cilnidipine and Chlorthalidone fixed dose combination in Indian hypertensive patients who are not controlled on traditionally used amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide combination and also to evaluate the safety of this combination.Methods: A total of 70 eligible patients were enrolled in this prospective, open label study. The patients were given cilnidipine (10 mg) and chlorthalidone (12.5 mg) who had not achieved target blood pressure (140/90 mmHg) despite on amlodipine (5 mg) and hydrochlorothiazide (12.5mg) combination or are intolerant to the medication. The assessment was done at the end of 4 weeks and 8 weeks.Results: There were significant falls in the SBP (5.43±2.45 mmHg, P<0.05), and DBP (4.11±2.35 mmHg, P<0.05) at the end of 4 weeks as compared to those at the baseline. The trend was sustained at 8 weeks. No further significant fall in the SBP and DBP were noted after 4 weeks (5.43±2.45 and 5.22±2.38 mmHg at 4 weeks vs 4.11±2.35 and 4.01±2.23 mmHg at 8 weeks P=NS). The SBP target (140 mmHg) was achieved in 25 patients (35.71%). The DBP target (90 mmHg) was achieved in 18 patients (25.71%). The combined SBP and DBP target was achieved in 12 patients (17.14%). A similar fall in the SBP was observed in the subgroups which were analysed.Conclusions: The hypertensive patients who do not achieve the target blood pressures on amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide can be switched to the cilnidipine and chlorthalidone combination. The combination is effective and well tolerated.
Immunization coverage in an urban resettlement colony of district Gautam-Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India using WHO 30×7 cluster sampling technique
Authors: Mahajan Harsh , Srivastava Shalini , Nagesh S.
Published: October 2017

Background: Immunization is one of the most cost-effective interventions to prevent the suffering that comes from avoidable sickness, disability and death. In India, though immunization coverage has improved over the past few years, the country still accounts for the largest number of children who are not immunized i.e. 7.4 million. So, this study was taken up to assess the immunization coverage among children in District Gautam-Budh Nagar of Uttar Pradesh and to decipher the causes behind the partial immunization/non- immunization. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during June-August 2015 in an urban resettlement colony of District Gautam-Budh Nagar in Uttar Pradesh among 210 children aged 12-23 months selected using WHO 30X7 cluster sampling technique. Results: A total of 210 children were covered, of which 72.9% children were fully immunized, 19.0% children were partially immunized, whereas, 8.1% children did not receive even a single dose of any vaccine, thus constituting a total of 27.1% children with partial/no immunization. On bi-variate analysis, significant associ­ation was observed between immunization status among children and caste (p=0.047), mother’s education (p=0.01), father’s education (p=0.000) and socio-economic status (p=0.003). On multi-variate analysis, however, only father’s educational status was found to be significantly associated. The major reasons for partial/non-immunization among children were Ignorance (80.7%) followed by unavailability of vaccines (7.0%). Conclusions: Immunization coverage found in the present study is still way short of the target of universal coverage. Therefore, health planners and policy makers in our country should develop a comprehensive strategy to achieve universal immunization coverage.
Study of anatomical variants at osteomeatal complex in cases of chronic maxillary sinusitis
Authors: Pathak Aditya , Yadav Ramanand
Published: October 2017

Background: To study the contribution of anatomical variations at osteomeatal complex area in development of chronic maxillary sinusitis.

Methods: 60 patients with chronic maxillary sinusitis, clinically diagnosed on the criteria layed by Lanza and Kennedy and radiologically supported by X-ray PNS, were included in the study. Nasal endoscopy with different angled endoscopes done under local anaesthesia to recognize the anatomical variants at osteomeatal complex area.  

Results: In 41.09% of cases anatomical variants like concha bullosa, paradoxical middle turbinate, large bulla ethmoidalis or medially bent uncinate process were detected, but in rest 59.91% of cases of maxillary sinusitis there was no anatomical abnormality.

Conclusions: Among the causative factors for development of chronic maxillary sinusitis different anatomical variants at osteomeatal area causes narrowing of the drainage pathway of maxillary sinus leading to development of chronic inflammation of the maxillary sinus. 
Mastoidectomy: retrospective analysis of 137 cases in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Chrisanthus Jaya , George Shibu
Published: October 2017

Background: Mastoidectomy is a common otologic surgery and at times can be a lifesaving procedure. The aim of the study is to analyze surgical indications, operative parameters and per-operative findings encountered.

Methods: This is a retrospective study done in patients who had undergone mastoid surgeries between 1st Jan 2016 to 31st Dec 2016 in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Govt. Medical College hospital, Trivandrum.  

Results: Of the 137 patients the peak age incidence was 16 – 30 years. Cholesteatoma was present in 32% of which 91% had canal wall down mastoidectomy. 64% patients, mostly chronic otitis media- mucosal and inactive squamosal, underwent canal wall up procedure. In 62% cases the ossicular chain was eroded, which was mainly incus (87%). Abnormalities encountered within the mastoid during surgery were mainly dehiscent facial canal (17.5%), low lying dura (16.8%) and contracted antrum (15.3%). A positive association could be noted between contracted antrum and the position of sinus and dural plates, and was statistically significant. Co-existence of facial canal dehiscence with lateral canal fistula and dural plate dehiscence were also noted. The tympanoplasty procedures commonly employed in canal wall up procedures was Type I and 2, and in canal wall down procedure was Type 3.

Conclusions: Adequate skill development of the ear surgeons in the tertiary centre should be ensured, to individualize the procedure appropriate for each patient and optimize the outcome of surgery. Early referral to the nearby otological centre should be promoted not only to prevent complications but also for better post-surgical functional outcome.
Assessment of depth of olfactory fossa in pre-functional endoscopic sinus surgery computed tomography scan of paranasal sinuses
Authors: Pawar Abhijit , Konde Santosh , Bhole Priya
Published: October 2017

Background: To evaluate the olfactory fossae depth according to the Keros' classification on pre functional endoscopic sinus surgery (pre-FESS) and determine the incidence and degree of asymmetry in the height of the ethmoid roof in the population of western Maharashtra.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 200 multidetector CT studies (400 sides) of paranasal sinuses performed in between January to August, 2017.  

Results: According to the Keros’ classification, the incidence of different types of olfactory fossae was as follows: type I: 18.5%, type II: 74.5% and type III: 7%. Asymmetry in the ethmoid roof height was found in 11.5% of cases.

Conclusions: Keros’ type II was the commonest followed by type I and type III. There was asymmetry in the depth of the olfactory fossae in 11.5% cases. There was no significant gender predilection as far as type and asymmetry were considered.
Clinical comparison between femoral transfixation and bioscrew fixation using hamstring tendon graft for ACL reconstruction
Authors: Mishra Anil Kumar , Datta Barun , Singh Varunendra Bahadur , Gogoi Biraj , Rai S. K. , Kashid Manoj
Published: October 2017

Background: One of the popular graft choices for ACL reconstruction have been Hamstrings tendon autograft. There is no consensus on the ideal technique of fixation of hamstrings graft to femoral condyle. Theoretically we hypothesized that transfixation method of hamstrings graft fixation to femoral condyle should be superior to bio-interference screw fixation technique. Hence aim of our study is to compare this two fixation methods of hamstrings autografts clinically.

Methods: 50 clinically and radiologically proven ACL deficient fighting soldiers are selected for the study. In group A; 25 patients underwent ACL reconstruction with Bioscrew using aperture technique on femoral side. Other 25 patients in group B underwent ACL reconstruction with transfixation screw using cortico-cancellous fixation technique on femoral side. In both groups quadrupled semitendinosus autograft is utilized. All the patients evaluated for functional outcome at the end of 6 weeks and at 6 months and at the end of 1 year following the procedure. The subjects are evaluated using the modified Lysholm knee score and knee laxity is measured by Rolimeter.

Results: At 01 year post op. there was no statistically significant difference in both groups in terms of Manual laity tests,Rollimeter laity measurement and Lysholm knee score.The overall satisfactory result (Excellent + Good) in both the groups at 01 year follow up were 98% by Lysholm score.

Conclusions: Transfixation and Bioscrew fixation showed comparable results in manual knee laxity tests, instrumental knee laxity tests using Rolimeter, Lyslohm scores and high patient satisfaction, with almost 96% of patients in both groups returned to their pre-injury levels. 
Study and results of reconstruction plating in fracture posterior column and posterior wall of acetabulum
Authors: Kachnerkar Nilesh Indulal , Markade Pravin
Published: October 2017

Background: Posterior acetabulum fractures are the most common type of acetabular fractures. Acetabular fracture was an enormous orthopaedic problem in which the treatment was grossly inadequate and many patients were left with incapacitating pain. These fractures were often feared because of the poor outcome in many patients treated non-operatively. There are few published studies with a prolonged follow up. Thus this study was to review the displaced posterior acetabular fractures treated operatively in our hospital during last 5 years with regards to clinical, radiological results, the rate of surgical complication and the rate of successful fracture reduction.

Methods: The patients with posterior acetabulum fractures were diagnosed on basis of clinical suspicion and confirmed on x-rays and CT scans. Displaced fractures were treated surgically in lateral position through Kocher-Langenbeck approach and fractures were fixed with reconstruction plates and cancellous screws and results studied.

Results: Clinical grading was based on Merle d’Aubigne and Postel scoring which has been modified by Matta, According to this scale excellent to good results seen in 76.66% and fair results seen in 23.33% of cases. Radiological assessment grading according to the criteria developed by Matta, According to this criteria excellent to good radiological results are seen in 79.66% and poor results in 6.66% of cases.

Conclusions: Displaced posterior acetabular fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation with anatomical reduction allow early mobilisation and weight bearing and gives excellent results.
Education and Technologies: some Tendencies of this Tehmatic in Educational Research
Authors: Peixoto Joana , Moraes Moema Gomes
Published: October 2017

EDUCAÇÃO E TECNOLOGIAS: ALGUMAS TENDÊNCIAS DA TEMÁTICA NAS PESQUISAS EDUCACIONAIS

Resumo: o presente artigo baseia-se em recorte de pesquisa que visou identificar e analisar o desenvolvimento do tema “educação e tecnologias” nas teses defendidas em programas de pós-graduação em educação entre os anos de 2008 e 2013. Nele discutimos algumas tendências presentes no pensamento educacional brasileiro sobre a temática. O argumento da neutralidade da tecnologia, o discurso tecnocêntrico persistente e a dicotomia entre as visões instrumental e crítica são recorrentes nas fontes consultadas. Adotamos a abordagem dialética para a análise das relações entre a educação e as tecnologias.

Palavras-chave: Educação e tecnologias. Estado do conhecimento. Tecnocentrismo. Abordagem dialética.

Abstract: the present article is grounded in a research clipping which aimed to identify and analyze the development of the subject "education and technologies" in the theses presented in postgraduate programs in education from 2008 until 2013. Here we discuss some tendencies which are present in the Brazilian educational thinking about that matter. The argument of the neutrality of technology, the persistent technocentric discourse and also the dichotomy between the instrumental and the critical visions, they are all recurrent points in our research sources. We adopted the dialectical approach for the analysis of the relations between education and technologies.

Keywords: Education and technologies. Knowledgefare State. Tecnocentrism. Dialectical approach.
Structuring the learning disabilities module: A course design based on case study
Authors: Kahveci Gül , Serin Nerguz Bulut
Published: October 2017

Children with learning disabilities are at greater risk of being victims of sexual abuse in schools. This paper discusses 4th year pre-service school counsellorsâ€™ specific knowledge related to self-confidence and skills to execute the prevention and support processes on the topic of sexual abuse in children with learning disabilities. Qualitative research data from the questionnaire answers received from 80 pre-service school counsellors were analysed using thematic analysis with an action research format. The results demonstrated that their preparation program was inadequate and needed more content relating to child sexual abuse. The results also showed that the knowledge of the pre-service school psychologists related to sexual abuse, the prevention and support processes for sexual abuse increased significantly after application of the action research content. These results are promising, but more research is needed to see if the increased knowledge in turn leads to application in practice and better care for victims.

Keywords: Childhood sexual abuse; school psychologist; learning disabilities; action research, prevention and support processes.
Educação especial: práticas pedagógicas a distância na formação de professores para o Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE)
Authors: Siluk Ana Cláudia Pavão , Pavão Silvia Maria de Oliveira
Published: October 2017

A cada dia, o acelerado desenvolvimento tecnológico vem mudando a forma como se planeja e operacionaliza a implantação de cursos nas instituições de ensino. Ao panorama apontado deve ser adicionado outro conjunto de fatores que não pode, atualmente, ser ignorado e que se refere à gestão dos processos que envolvem a educação especial e a distância — EAD. Este estudo, do tipo qualitativo exploratório, tem como objetivo analisar as dimensões da metodologia de ensino, critérios avaliativos e pressupostos teóricos a partir dos quais um Curso de Atendimento Educacional Especializado - AEE se estrutura. Constatou-se que os alunos que realizaram o Curso, demonstraram bom desempenho na aprendizagem dos conteúdos desenvolvidos, ao mesmo tempo que também identificaram ações, no seu âmbito profissional, que puderam colocar em prática os preceitos estudados, no que tange à prática do AEE. Conclui-se que é preciso conhecer todos os processos que envolvem a aprendizagem por meio da educação a distância, para que se possa obter um bom desempenho nos propósitos educacionais definidos em determinado contexto. Quando se trata da formação de professores, esse cuidado é ainda mais importante, pois o acesso aos professores que desejam aprender práticas pedagógicas inovadoras deve ser favorecido.