bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functionalized Bipyrroles and Pyrrolyl-Aminopyrones from Acylethynylpyrroles and Diethyl Aminomalonate
Authors: Trofimov Boris A. , Gotsko Maxim D. , Saliy Ivan V. , Sobenina Lyubov N. , Ushakov Igor A. , Kireeva Victoriya V.
Published: October 2021

An efficient method for the synthesis of 1H,1′H-2,3′-bi­pyrroles (up to 72% yield) by the cyclocondensation of easily available 2-(acylethynyl)pyrroles with diethyl aminomalonate hydrochloride has been developed. The reaction proceeds under reflux in MeCN (6 h) in the presence of Cs2CO3. Under the same conditions, 2-(acylethynyl)pyrroles with bulky (benzyl and octyl) substituents at nitrogen atom react with diethyl aminomalonate to afford 1H,2′H-2,3′-bipyrroles and pyrrolyl-aminopyrones.
1,3-Bis(trifluoromethyl)prop-2-ene 1-Iminium Salts: Reactions with Alkoxybenzenes and Anilines
Authors: Maas Gerhard , Keim Michael , Jasarevic Medina , Miller Ines
Published: October 2021

1,3-Bis(trifluoromethyl)prop-2-ene 1-iminium triflate salts were prepared for the first time and some synthetic applications as 1,3-biselectrophilic building blocks were established. They were found to react with dimethoxybenzenes or methylene-1,2-dioxybenzenes to furnish vinylogous trifluoroacetylation products (4-aryl-1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoropent-3-en-2-ones) and 1-dialkylamino-1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indenes. With aniline and ring-substituted anilines, 2,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolines were formed. An unusual 4H-pyran, formally a condensation product of the N,N-dimethyl-1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)prop-2-en-1-iminium ion and its enaminone precursor, is also reported.
Combined Antiplatelet Therapy Reduces the Proinflammatory Properties of Activated Platelets
Authors: Heinzmann Alexandra C.A. , Coenen Daniëlle M. , Vajen Tanja , Cosemans Judith M.E.M. , Koenen Rory R.
Published: October 2021

The cause of atherothrombosis is rupture or erosion of atherosclerotic lesions, leading to an increased risk of myocardial infarction or stroke. Here, platelet activation plays a major role, leading to the release of bioactive molecules, for example, chemokines and coagulation factors, and to platelet clot formation. Several antiplatelet therapies have been developed for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events, in which anticoagulant drugs are often combined. Besides playing a role in hemostasis, platelets are also involved in inflammation. However, it is unclear whether current antiplatelet therapies also affect platelet immune functions. In this study, the possible anti-inflammatory effects of antiplatelet medications on chemokine release were investigated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and on the chemotaxis of THP-1 cells toward platelet releasates. We found that antiplatelet medication acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) led to reduced chemokine (CC motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) and chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 4 (CXCL4) release from platelets, while leukocyte chemotaxis was not affected. Depending on the agonist, αIIbβ3 and P2Y12 inhibitors also affected CCL5 or CXCL4 release. The combination of ASA with a P2Y12 inhibitor or a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor did not lead to an additive reduction in CCL5 or CXCL4 release. Interestingly, these combinations did reduce leukocyte chemotaxis. This study provides evidence that combined therapy of ASA and a P2Y12 or PDE3 inhibitor can decrease the inflammatory leukocyte recruiting potential of the releasate of activated platelets.
Transferência do grande dorsal para lesões anterossuperiores irreparáveis do manguito rotador: descrição de técnica cirúrgica
Authors: Simionato Ivan Fadanelli , Matsumoto Fábio Yoshihiro , Britto Almiro Gerszon , Ferreira Marco Tonding , Eichenberg Augusto Heinen , Mothes Fernando Carlos
Published: October 2021

As lesões do manguito rotador do ombro podem ter diversas configurações, e são divididas e/ou classificadas conforme o tamanho da lesão, o tendão envolvido, suas combinações, e se existe a possibilidade de reparo. As lesões irreparáveis do subescapular, assim como as lesões irreparáveis anterossuperiores, podem gerar disfunção do ombro devido à perda dos depressores da cabeça umeral, o que causa dor e limitação funcional. Entre as alternativas terapêuticas estão as transferências miotendíneas, sendo a técnica de transferência do peitoral maior para a tuberosidade menor a mais estudada e difundida nas últimas décadas. No entanto, alguns estudos anatômicos sugerem que o grande dorsal seja uma alternativa mais adequada para o tratamento dessas lesões por apresentar vetores de força mais parecidos com os do subescapular, além de apresentar resultados promissores nas avaliações clínicas de curto seguimento. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de descrever a técnica cirúrgica desenvolvida para transferência do grande dorsal nas lesões irreparáveis do subescapular e anterossuperiores do manguito rotador.
Prevalência e fatores associados à dor e ao histórico de lesões musculoesqueléticas em skatistas
Authors: Ferreira Bruna Dias Alves , Marques Joyce de Jesus , Santos Thiago Ribeiro Teles
Published: October 2021

Objetivo (a) Identificar a prevalência de dor musculoesquelética atual e lesão no último ano e (b) verificar a associação da presença de dor atual e da história de lesão com características demográficas, da prática esportiva e da saúde em skatistas.

Método O presente estudo observacional transversal foi realizado com 64 skatistas que responderam a um questionário abordando características demográficas, da prática esportiva e da saúde. O teste exato de Fisher verificou a associação dessas características com a presença de dor atual e com o relato de lesão no último ano. O teste de qui-quadrado verificou se havia diferença entre a distribuição observada e a esperada para o segmento corporal relatado com dor e com histórico de lesão, e com o tipo de lesão.

Resultados A prevalência de dor foi de 82,8%, sendo a frequência observada maior do que a esperada (p < 0,01) no joelho, no tornozelo, na região lombossacra e no pé. A presença de dor foi associada à faixa etária (p = 0,05) e a tratamento fisioterápico prévio (p < 0,01). A prevalência de lesão no último ano foi de 68,8%, sendo a frequência observada maior do que a esperada (p < 0,01) no joelho, no tornozelo, no punho, na mão, no pé e no ombro. Entorse e fratura apresentaram uma frequência observada maior do que a esperada (p < 0,01). O histórico de lesão foi associado ao uso de equipamento de proteção (p = 0,01), cirurgia prévia (p = 0,02) e tratamento fisioterápico (p = 0,03).

Conclusão A prática de skate apresenta uma prevalência alta de dor e de lesões no último ano. Os achados podem contribuir com o planejamento de estratégias preventivas.
Aplicação do adesivo de lidocaína 5% em cicatrizes cirúrgicas dolorosas: Ensaio clínico
Authors: Macedo Rafael da Rocha , Santos João Paulo Gonçalves dos , Lobato Emanuel Smith , Mendes João Pereira , Ikemoto Roberto Yukio , Rodrigues Luciano Miller Reis
Published: October 2021

Objetivo Avaliar o emplastro de lidocaína 5% como método de tratamento da dor neuropática após cirurgias ortopédicas em comparação com massagem terapêutica realizada sobre incisões.

Métodos Trata-se de um ensaio clínico prospectivo, randomizado, com 37 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia ortopédica entre janeiro de 2015 e fevereiro de 2017. Foram incluídos pacientes com idade entre 13 e 70 anos que foram submetidos a cirurgia ortopédica no pé e tornozelo com dor neuropática ou hipersensibilidade na incisão cirúrgica por no mínimo 90 dias após o procedimento. Todos os indivíduos foram avaliados segundo a escala visual analógica (EVA) de dor e o questionário de qualidade de vida SF-36 no início do tratamento e após 30, 60 e 90 dias.

Resultados Os dois grupos apresentaram melhora da dor; porém, o grupo que utilizou o emplastro apresentou maior redução com o passar do tempo. Em relação aos parâmetros do questionário SF-36, nenhum deles demonstrou diferença estatisticamente relevante. Em relação à capacidade funcional, aos aspectos físicos, à vitalidade, aos aspectos emocionais, aos aspectos sociais, ao estado geral de saúde e saúde mental, não houve evidências significativas. A grande vantagem do emplastro está no grau de satisfação pessoal dos pacientes, com relevância estatística, provavelmente pela facilidade de aplicação e pelo efeito psicológico de uma terapia medicamentosa.

Conclusão O emplastro e a massagem são métodos de tratamento eficazes na redução da dor cicatricial, apresentando resultados semelhantes. O emplastro está associado à melhora do grau de satisfação dos pacientes. Nível de Evidência 1. Ensaio clínico prospectivo randomizado.
Fatores associados ao desenvolvimento de complicações precoces após artroplastia total do joelho
Authors: Tavares Matheus Rizério , Alencar Savio Diego Ribeiro de , Frazão Samir Peixoto , Azi Matheus Lemos , Sadgursky David , Alencar Daniel
Published: October 2021

Objetivo Identificar fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de complicações pós-operatórias locais ou clínicas ocorridas até 30 dias após a cirurgia em pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total do joelho.

Métodos Todos os pacientes submetidos a artroplastia de joelho realizada neste hospital no período do estudo foram incluídos na análise, baseada em dados dos prontuários dos pacientes, para investigar os fatores associados à ocorrência de complicações locais ou clínicas durante o internamento até 30 dias após o procedimento que necessitaram de alguma intervenção.

Resultados Dos 157 pacientes incluídos no estudo, 17,1% cursaram com alguma complicação. As mais prevalentes foram artrofibrose (6,4%), infecção profunda (4,4%) e infecção superficial (2,5%), dentre outras. A maior idade e maior número de comorbidades prévias foram relacionadas com maior risco de complicações pós-operatórias.

Conclusões A maior idade e maior número de comorbidades foram relacionados a um risco aumentado de complicações pós-operatórias. O escore Sociedade Americana de Anestesiologistas (ASA, na sigla em inglês) se mostrou insuficiente para avaliar a ocorrência de complicações pós artroplastia de joelho e novas ferramentas devem ser empregadas para este fim.
Genetic Variants in the Protein S (PROS1) Gene and Protein S Deficiency in a Danish Population
Authors: Larsen Ole Halfdan , Kjaergaard Alisa D. , Hvas Anne-Mette , Nissen Peter H.
Published: October 2021

Protein S (PS) deficiency is a risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and can be caused by variants of the gene encoding PS (PROS1). This study aimed to evaluate the clinical value of molecular analysis of the PROS1 gene in PS-deficient participants. We performed Sanger sequencing of the coding region of the PROS1 gene and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification to exclude large structural rearrangements. Free PS was measured by a particle-enhanced immunoassay, while PS activity was assessed by a clotting method.

A total of 87 PS-deficient participants and family members were included. In 22 index participants, we identified 13 PROS1 coding variants. Five variants were novel. In 21 index participants, no coding sequence variants or structural rearrangements were identified. The free PS level was lower in index participants carrying a PROS1 variant compared with index participants with no variant (0.51 [0.32–0.61] vs. 0.62 [0.57–0.73] × 103 IU/L; p < 0.05). The p.(Thr78Met) variant was associated with only slightly decreased free PS levels (0.59 [0.53–0.66] × 103 IU/L) compared with the p.(Glu390Lys) variant (0.27 [0.24–0.37] × 103 IU/L, p < 0.01). The frequency of VTE in participants with a coding PROS1 variant was 43 and 17% in the group with normal PROS1 gene (p = 0.05).

In conclusion, we report 13 PROS1 coding variants including five novel variants. PS levels differ by PROS1 variant and the frequency of VTE was higher when a coding PROS1 variant was present. Hence, molecular analysis of the PROS1 gene may add clinical value in the diagnostic work-up of PS deficiency.
Introducing a global planetary ecosystem accounting in the wake of the Amazon Forest fires
Authors: Allam Zaheer , Jones David S. , Biyik Can
Published: October 2021

Since the 19th century, rapid urbanisation coupled with a demographic boom has increased pressures on the global exploitation of natural resources leading to an array of issues at planetary scale. Even though there have been significant ecologically driven human policy efforts, with frameworks addressing ecosystem accounting and management, such are principally constricted at sub-global levels; being regionally focussed, and hence lacking both cohesivity and accountability. Resource management viewed through this lens leads to a number of geopolitical factors as demonstrated recently with the Amazon Forest fires. This incident witnessed calls from numerous countries calling for rapid remediation even though their own policies are harbingers of equally damaging the environments through other means. This disparity in resource accounting and management on a planetary scale is apparent from diverse local and regional groups and needs to be addressed in order to sustain a truly sustainable and liveable ecosystem and their failures in realising a viable ecosystem accounting system. This perspective paper explores this theme and proposes a ‘Global Planetary Ecosystem Accounting’ system based on the principle that ecologically sensitive areas benefiting the global ecosystem need to be economically weighted and its preservation equated to a revenue-generating activity.
Effect of addition of TiO2 nanoparticles on structural and dielectric properties of polystyrene/polyvinyl chloride polymer blend
Authors: Gaabour L. H.
Published: October 2021

The present study deals with the effect of the addition of pure titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) prepared by the sol–gel technique on a polystyrene (PS)/polyvinylchloride (PVC) polymer blend of a composition of 50/50 wt. % using the casting method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray analysis confirmed the preparation of TiO2 NPs in semi-spherical shapes, with the average particle size ranging from 7 to 22 nm. The structural, optical, and dielectric properties of the prepared polymer nanocomposite films are restudied using different tools. In addition, the dielectric properties are studied. XRD and Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the complexation and interaction between the PS/PVC polymer blend and TiO2 NPs. HRSEM images reveal that TiO2 NPs appeared as white spots inside the spherical domain of PS/PVC matrices. Optical properties such as absorbance, reflection, bandgap energy, refractive index, and optical dielectric (constant and loss) are studied. These results revealed that TiO2 NPs create inter-bands between valence and conduction bands. The addition of TiO2 NPs to the PS/PVC blend improves the electrical conductivity of the PS/PVC blend due to charge carrier buildup and increased polymeric chain segmental mobility inside the polymeric matrices.
Virtual cell model for osmotic pressure calculation of charged biomolecules
Authors: Polimeni Marco , Pasquier Coralie , Lund Mikael
Published: October 2021

The osmotic pressure of dilute electrolyte solutions containing charged macro-ions as well as counterions can be computed directly from the particle distribution via the well-known cell model. Originally derived within the Poisson–Boltzmann mean-field approximation, the cell model considers a single macro-ion centered into a cell, together with counterions needed to neutralize the total cell charge, while it neglects the phenomena due to macro-ion correlations. While extensively applied in coarse-grained Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of continuum solvent systems, the cell model, in its original formulation, neglects the macro-ion shape anisotropy and details of the surface charge distribution. In this paper, by comparing one-body and two-body coarse-grained MC simulations, we first establish an upper limit for the assumption of neglecting correlations between macro-ions, and second, we validate the approximation of using a non-spherical macro-ion. Next, we extend the cell model to all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and show that protein concentration-dependent osmotic pressures can be obtained by confining counterions in a virtual, spherical subspace defining the protein number density. Finally, we show the possibility of using specific interaction parameters for the protein–ion and ion–ion interactions, enabling studies of protein concentration-dependent ion-specific effects using merely a single protein molecule.
Disordered metamaterial coating for daytime passive radiative cooling
Authors: Mishra Bhrigu Rishi , Sundaram Sreerag , Varghese Nithin Jo , Sasihithlu Karthik
Published: October 2021

In this theoretical study, a disordered metamaterial coating with randomly embedded TiO2 dielectric microspheres in a polydimethylsiloxane matrix has been designed for the purpose of daytime passive radiative cooling. While retaining the necessary optical properties of high reflectivity (≈94%) in the solar spectrum and high emissivity (≈96%) in the atmospheric transparency window, the coating exhibits the following additional desirable properties: (a) low volume fraction of TiO2 microspheres, ensuring minimal possibility of agglomeration of particles during fabrication; and (b) a cooling power of 81.8 W/m2, which is among the highest for similar coatings that have been developed. We also show how a modified form of Kubelka–Munk theory with empirical relations originally developed to analyze optical scattering in biological tissue layers can be used for designing radiative cooling structures. The predictions from this method have been validated using Monte Carlo simulations. It is expected that this study will motivate further similar designs in the rapidly expanding market for effective and easy-to-fabricate coatings for daytime passive radiative cooling applications.
BODIPY dyes: Versatile building blocks to construct multiple types of self-assembled structures
Authors: Matarranz Beatriz , Fernández Gustavo
Published: October 2021

More than 50 years have passed since the discovery of boradiazaindacenes by Treibs and Kreuzer [Liebigs Ann. Chem. 718, 208 (1968)]. Since then, the number of research articles related to their synthesis, properties, and applications has not stopped growing. Not without reason, borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes are one of the most versatile chromophores in terms of photophysical and chemical properties and multiple potential applications. For many applications, control over the properties in the aggregated state is necessary, and understanding the interactions that take part in the self-assembly of dye molecules is crucial. In this review, recent developments on the self-assembly of BODIPY dyes, as well as their potential applications, are discussed, highlighting the versatility of the BODIPY chromophore. In the first section, recent strategies to obtain solid-state emissive BODIPY dyes based on the introduction of different non-covalent interactions are presented. In a subsequent section, we discuss recent work on self-assembly and supramolecular polymerization of BODIPY dyes in aqueous and organic media with particular focus on pathway complexity—the analysis of different aggregation pathways by the same building block. In addition, given the high relevance of BODIPY dyes in biomedicine, a short overview of new BODIPY-based structures with interesting applications in biomedicine is presented. This section is followed by the discussion of recent work on metallosupramolecular assemblies of BODIPY dyes. Finally, a brief overview of other structurally related BODIPY-based analogs is given with particular focus on self-assembled structures of aza-BODIPY dyes.
In situjet electrolyte micromachining and additive manufacturing
Authors: Li Tianyu , Yan Xiao , Fang Xiaolong , Jin Puhang , Li Jiaqi , Rabbi Kazi Fazle , Miljkovic Nenad
Published: October 2021

Jet electrolyte micromachining (JEMM) exploits water-jet-assisted electrochemistry to achieve metal processing with spatial localization, precision, and flexibility. Currently, JEMM enables both micromilling and deposition, with the manufacturing precision and efficiency limited by the preparation and installation of the microscale tool electrodes (typically > 100 μm). Here, we develop a facile and low-cost platform for integrated in situ micro-subtractive and additive JEMM. Our technology is capable of machining micrometric grooves and pillars with controllable length scales (>20 μm) and topologies (patterns or spatial geometries) on metallic substrates. The integrated platform pumps electrolyte toward a workpiece through a nozzle to perform multiple tasks on the same setup, including micronozzle tool preparation, subtractive manufacturing, and additive manufacturing. We achieve this by controlling electrode polarity and electrolyte. We demonstrate our platform for microfabrication of grooves having a variety of widths ranging from 20 to 100 μm when working in the subtractive JEMM mode. In the additive JEMM mode, we demonstrate the fabrication of complex three-dimensional high-aspect-ratio micropillars having customized geometries beyond what is currently available with conventional methods. The proposed technology enables precise, controllable, efficient, and scalable additive and subtractive micromanufacturing for a plethora of applications.
Heat transport induced by electron transfer: A general temperature quantum calculation
Authors: Cui Bingyu , Craven Galen T. , Nitzan Abrahan
Published: October 2021

Electron transfer dominates chemical processes in biological, inorganic, and material chemistry. Energetic aspects of such phenomena, in particular, the energy transfer associated with the electron transfer process, have received little attention in the past but are important in designing energy conversion devices. This paper generalizes our earlier work in this direction, which was based on the semiclassical Marcus theory of electron transfer. It provides, within a simple model, a unified framework that includes the deep (nuclear) tunneling limit of electron transfer and the associated heat transfer when the donor and acceptor sites are seated in environments characterized by different local temperatures. The electron transfer induced heat conduction is shown to go through a maximum at some intermediate average temperature where quantum effects are already appreciable, and it approaches zero when the average temperature is very high (the classical limit) or very low (deep tunneling).
Back2Work: a new model of early vocational rehabilitation for people with spinal cord injury
Authors: McLennan Vanette , Dorsett Pat , Bloom Julia , Goossen Tania , Porter Frances
Published: October 2021

Objective The aim of this article is to describe the development of a novel evidence-based model of early intervention vocational rehabilitation (EIVR) for people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods An extensive literature review and background study guided the collaboration of experienced practitioners and researchers in developing and evaluating the innovative Back2Work model of EIVR for people with SCI in Queensland, Australia. The program is undergoing longitudinal mixed-methods evaluation to the end of 2023. Results The model is central to the successful implementation of the EIVR program, delivered by rehabilitation counsellors in the Queensland Spinal Injuries Unit. Back2Work includes a strong focus on maintaining and nurturing the pre-injury occupational bond between injured workers and employers, and aims to create a positive expectation for return to work (RTW) and increase the rate and timeliness of RTW after SCI. Conclusions The Back2Work program has become an integrated component of the multidisciplinary rehabilitation team, with positive early results in RTW outcomes and additional benefits in participants’ sense of well-being and hope. What is known about the topic? Vocational intervention after SCI has traditionally been delivered after hospital discharge and considered outside the scope of early intervention approaches. Emerging evidence suggests EIVR, commencing before hospital discharge, can encourage hope and a positive expectancy for employment after SCI, and is showing promising outcomes in supporting people’s quality of life and vocational goals. What does this paper add? This article details the process and product of developing and evaluating a novel EIVR model for people with SCI. The model underpins the Back2Work EIVR program being trialled in the Queensland Spinal Injuries Unit, an example of this emerging field of practice within the primary rehabilitation setting. What are the implications for practitioners? The Back2Work program is based on an innovative and evidence-based model of EIVR for people with SCI. The collaborative and empirically driven process of developing, implementing and evaluating the model will be of interest to researchers and practitioners looking to advance practices in vocational rehabilitation after serious injury.
Vascular K
ATP
channel structural dynamics reveal regulatory mechanism by Mg-nucleotides
Authors: Sung Min Woo , Yang Zhongying , Driggers Camden M. , Patton Bruce L. , Mostofian Barmak , Russo John D. , Zuckerman Daniel M. , Shyng Show-Ling
Published: October 2021

Significance

Vascular K
ATP
channels formed by the potassium channel Kir6.1 and its regulatory protein SUR2B maintain blood pressure in the physiological range. Overactivity of the channel due to genetic mutations in either Kir6.1 or SUR2B causes severe cardiovascular pathologies known as Cantú syndrome. The cryogenic electron microscopy structures of the vascular K
ATP
channel reported here show multiple, dynamically related conformations of the regulatory subunit SUR2B. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the negatively charged ED-domain in SUR2B, a stretch of 15 glutamate (E) and aspartate (D) residues not previously resolved, play a key MgADP-dependent role in mediating interactions at the interface between the SUR2B and Kir6.1 subunits. Our findings provide a mechanistic understanding of how channel activity is regulated by intracellular MgADP.
Double peroxidase and histone acetyltransferase AgTip60 maintain innate immune memory in primed mosquitoes
Authors: Gomes Fabio M. , Tyner Miles D. W. , Barletta Ana Beatriz F. , Saha Banhisikha , Yenkoidiok-Douti Lampouguin , Canepa Gaspar E. , Molina-Cruz Alvaro , Barillas-Mury Carolina
Published: October 2021

Significance

A previous
Plasmodium
infection enhances the mosquito immune response to subsequent infections. Priming is mediated by a hemocyte differentiation factor (HDF) consisting of lipoxin A
4
(LXA
4
) bound to Evokin, a lipid carrier. Insects produce LXA
4
but lack lipoxygenase enzymes. Here we establish that the double peroxidase (DBLOX) enzyme is essential for HDF synthesis and is highly expressed in fat-body oenocytes, a group of specialized cells that increase in number in primed females. The histone acetyltransferase (HAT) AgTip60 is also essential for HDF synthesis, for the persistent increase in oenocyte numbers, and to maintain immune priming. We identified an enzyme essential for lipoxygenase-independent LXA
4
synthesis and show that AgTip60 HAT is also critical to maintain the priming response.
Chronic viral infections persistently alter marrow stroma and impair hematopoietic stem cell fitness
Authors: Isringhausen Stephan , Mun YeVin , Kovtonyuk Larisa , Kräutler Nike J. , Suessbier Ute , Gomariz Alvaro , Spaltro Gianluca , Helbling Patrick M. , Wong Hui Chyn , Nagasawa Takashi , Manz Markus G. , Oxenius Annette , Nombela-Arrieta César
Published: October 2021

Chronic viral infections are associated with hematopoietic suppression, bone marrow (BM) failure, and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) exhaustion. However, how persistent viral challenge and inflammatory responses target BM tissues and perturb hematopoietic competence remains poorly understood. Here, we combine functional analyses with advanced 3D microscopy to demonstrate that chronic infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus leads to (1) long-lasting decimation of the BM stromal network of mesenchymal CXCL12-abundant reticular cells, (2) proinflammatory transcriptional remodeling of remaining components of this key niche subset, and (3) durable functional defects and decreased competitive fitness in HSCs. Mechanistically, BM immunopathology is elicited by virus-specific, activated CD8 T cells, which accumulate in the BM via interferon-dependent mechanisms. Combined antibody-mediated inhibition of type I and II IFN pathways completely preempts degeneration of CARc and protects HSCs from chronic dysfunction. Hence, viral infections and ensuing immune reactions durably impact BM homeostasis by persistently decreasing the competitive fitness of HSCs and disrupting essential stromal-derived, hematopoietic-supporting cues.
Posttranscriptional regulation of ILC2 homeostatic function via tristetraprolin
Authors: Hikichi Yuki , Motomura Yasutaka , Takeuchi Osamu , Moro Kazuyo
Published: October 2021

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are unique in their ability to produce low levels of type 2 cytokines at steady state, and their production capacity is dramatically increased upon stimulation with IL-33. However, it is unknown how constitutive cytokine production is regulated in the steady state. Here, we found that tristetraprolin (TTP/Zfp36), an RNA-binding protein that induces mRNA degradation, was highly expressed in naive ILC2s and was downregulated following IL-33 stimulation. In ILC2s from Zfp36−/− mice, constitutive IL-5 production was elevated owing to the stabilization of its mRNA and resulted in an increased number of eosinophils in the intestine. Luciferase assay demonstrated that TTP directly regulates Il5 mRNA stability, and overexpression of TTP markedly suppressed IL-5 production by ILC2s, even under IL-33 stimulation. Collectively, TTP-mediated posttranscriptional regulation acts as a deterrent of excessive cytokine production in steady-state ILC2s to maintain body homeostasis, and downregulation of TTP may contribute to massive cytokine production under IL-33 stimulation.
Figure Composition
Authors: Zuckerman Charles H. P.
Published: October 2021

Linguistic anthropologists have shown that the way a person reports speech or represents discourse—for example, whether they ‘put on an accent’ or merely repeat attributed words—is crucial for understanding what social action that person is undertaking. And yet, our tools for talking about the form of represented discourse are still crude. This paper offers a new tool in the notion of figure composition, defined as the formal semiotic elements that comprise a given voice. Reflecting on figure composition, alongside Agha’s (2005) notion of figure transparency, invites us to shift from asking what kind of represented discourse any given stretch of represented discourse is to asking (1) What elements of represented discourse appear to be coming from the quoted figure(s)? and (2) How are these elements used to produce interactional effects?
Discursive Registers in Finno-Karelian Communicative Incantations
Authors: Karlsson Tuukka
Published: October 2021

The present paper investigates discursive justification as a moderative device in Kalevala-metric incantations. It explores different uses of justification by Finno-Karelian ritual specialists and argues that justification functions differently with positively and negatively evaluated non-human agents. In addition, a typology of discursive units of justification is provided. The results of the analysis reveal that justification functions as a register-based feature within the incantation genre. Types of justification directed to differently evaluated agents work as register-emblematic features. These findings open up new directions in the research of registers in Kalevala-metric incantation genre as constituted of multiple registers of communication.
APMP key comparison of absorbed dose to water for 60Co, APMP.RI(I)-K4
Authors: Lin Y C , Lee J H , Butler D , Webb D , Krauss A , Kurosawa T , Morishita Y , Bero M , Vinatha S P , Budiantari C T , Srimanoroth S , Chun K J , Wang K , Khaled N E , Kadni T B , Msimang Z , Laban J
Published: October 2021

Main text

The APMP/TCRI Dosimetry Working Group performed the APMP.RI(I)-K4 key comparison of absorbed dose to water for 60Co between 2009 and 2010. Fourteen standards laboratories took part in the comparison. Three commercial cavity ionization chambers were used as transfer instruments and circulated among the participants. Nearly all the measured calibration coefficients for each ionization chamber were within one standard uncertainty (as estimated by the laboratory) of the comparison mean for that chamber, indicating reasonable agreement amongst the participants. Three participants (ARPANSA, PTB and NMIJ) were used to link the results to the BIPM through the ongoing bilateral BIPM.RI(I)-K4 comparison. Through this link the degree of equivalence (the ratio to the BIPM Key Comparison Reference Value and its uncertainty) was calculated for each non-linking laboratory to show the calibration capabilities. For the 9 eligible participants, this degree of equivalent ratio fell within 3.3 parts in 103 of unity, well within the combined standard uncertainty in all cases.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Determination of a spatial load in a damped Kirchhoff–Love plate equation from final time measured data
Authors: Anjuna D , Sakthivel K , Hasanov A
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we study the inverse problem of determining an unknown spatial load F(x) in the damped non-homogeneous isotropic rectangular Kirchhoff–Love plate equation

ρ

h

(

x

)

u

t
t

+
μ

(

x

)

u

t

+

D

(

x

)

(

u

x

1

x

1

+
ν

u

x

2

x

2

)

x

1

x

1

+

D

(

x

)

(

u

x

2

x

2

+
ν

u

x

1

x

1

)

x

2

x

2

+
2

(

1
−
ν

)

D

(

x

)

u

x

1

x

2

x

1

x

2

=
F

(

x

)

G

(

t

)

,

(

x
,
t

)

∈
Ω
×

0
,
T

from final time measurement data u

T
(x) = u(x, T). Using the quasi-solution approach, the inverse problem is posed as a least square minimization problem of the Tikhonov functional, and the existence of minimum is shown. We prove that this functional is Fréchet differentiable and the derivative is written in terms of an adjoint problem associated with the Kirchhoff–Love plate equation. We establish sufficient conditions on the final time T and a lower bound of the damping parameter μ(x) to derive stability estimates for the determination of F(x) by invoking a first-order necessary optimality condition of the minimization problem. By the method of singular value decomposition of the input–output operator, sufficient conditions on the temporal load G(t) and the singular values are obtained to express the source term as a Fourier series representation of the measured data. We establish a relationship between the representation formulas for the regularized solution F

α
∈ L
2(Ω) obtained by Tikhonov regularization and singular value decomposition methods. A numerical example of reconstructing the spatial load by applying the conjugate gradient algorithm is also presented. In the end, we derive another stability estimate by using the spectral properties of the input–output operator and regularity assumption on G(t).
Structural process and testing of tunneling attitude sensor based on gravity gradient torque measurements
Authors: Yalu Cao , Jiahao Zhao , Fei Xing , Zheng You
Published: October 2021

The function of determining the orientation of a satellite in orbit is known as attitude determination. Depending on the missions, this important function is typically performed by different optical instruments. Due to the limited field of view, multiple optical sensors are placed in all directions to ensure large coverage. A kind of inertial sensor that uses the gravity gradient torque as a reference for attitude determination was proposed recently. At present, the volume of this kind of sensors is large and the accuracy is not high enough. In this paper, we propose an attitude sensor, which is composed of a barbell-shaped sensitive structure with larger moment of inertia and a small displacement detection module based on the tunneling effect. The sensitive structure is fabricated by silicon-on-glass process based on micro-electro-mechanical system technology. As a result, the sensitive structure has a smaller size, and the accuracy of angle measurement can reach 7.3° (3σ) in the range of −20° to +20°.
Beam shifts in two-dimensional atomic crystals
Authors: Ling Xiaohui , Zhang Zan , Chen Shizhen , Zhou Xinxing , Luo Hailu
Published: October 2021

Optical beam shifts, which mainly refer to the Goos–Hänchen shift and spin-Hall shift, widely exist in basic optical processes such as interface reflection and refraction. They are very sensitive to changes in the parameters of the materials that constitute the interface and therefore show great potential for applications in precision metrology and sensing. The interaction between light and two-dimensional (2D) atomic crystals is very weak, and beam shifts provide an alternative approach to explore and characterize 2D atomic crystals. In this paper, we first present a full-wave theory of beam shifts and introduce the experimental measurement of beam displacements with quantum weak measurement technology, and then review their applications in characterizing 2D atomic crystals, such as determining the layer number and measuring the optical conductivity of few-layer graphene. Finally, we discuss the beam displacements in twisted bilayer 2D atomic crystals and 2D atomic crystals under applied electric or magnetic fields.
Effects of Si doping well beyond the Mott transition limit in GaN epilayers grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Lingaparthi R , Dharmarasu N , Radhakrishnan K , Zheng Y
Published: October 2021

The effects of Si doping well beyond the Mott transition limit on the structural, electrical, and optical properties of plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy grown GaN layers were studied. Si doping up to a doping density of <1.0 × 1020 cm−3 resulted in smooth surface morphologies and almost strain free 500 nm thick GaN layers on 50 mm Si (111) substrate. In this doping range, the crystal quality improved with increased Si doping. However, GaN layers with doping density of >1.0 × 1020 cm−3 resulted in rough surface morphology and degraded crystal quality. It also showed higher tensile strain, but did not result in cracking. Irrespective of the surface morphology and structural quality, the sheet resistance systematically decreased with increased carrier concentration up to and beyond the doping density of 1.0 × 1020 cm−3. PL study revealed three distinctive characteristics with Si doping: first, yellow luminescence is absent in Si doped samples— an indication of occupied VGa-ON and CN states in the bandgap; second, a distinctive luminescence peak is observed next to the band edge luminescence (BEL) for the samples doped beyond 2.1 × 1019 cm−3—probably an indication of localization of some of the electrons either at donors or at excitons bound to defects; third, blue shift of the BEL is not matching with the calculated Moss–Burstein shift for doping densities beyond 2.1 × 1019 cm−3—an indication of some of the electrons not occupying higher levels of conduction band, which is consistent with the second observation of localization of electrons near the donors or excitons bound to surface defects.
Quadrupole-octupole collectivity in the Xe, Ba, Ce and Nd isotopic chains described with mean field and beyond approaches
Authors: Rodríguez-Guzmán R , Robledo L M , Nomura K , Hernandez N Cruz
Published: October 2021

The impact of quadrupole and octupole collectivity in the dynamic of low-lying collective states is discussed for a set of Xe, Ba, Ce and Nd isotopes with neutron numbers 54 ⩽ N ⩽ 96. Mean field based methods including pairing are used in our microscopic description along with the Gogny D1M force. Starting with a set of Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov constrained states we consider dynamic fluctuations of the collective variables by using the generator coordinate method. Related quantities like reduced electromagnetic transition probabilities B(E1) and B(E3) and negative-parity excitation energies and their behavior with neutron number are discussed and compared with the available experimental data. The coupling between the quadrupole and octupole degrees of freedom is found to be rather weak in all the considered nuclei and therefore the properties of the negative parity states can be reasonably well described in terms of the octupole degree of freedom alone. The results of the calculations point towards dynamically enhanced octupole correlations around the ‘octupole magic’ neutron numbers N = 56 and N = 88.
Magnetization reversal, field-induced transitions and H–T phase diagram of Y1−x
Ce
x
CrO3
Authors: Dokala R K , Das S , Weise B , Medwal R , Rawat R S , Thota S
Published: October 2021

We report a systematic study of the magnetic phase diagram in the H–T plane, negative magnetization (NM), exchange interactions and field-induced spin–flop transitions in the distorted perovskite Y1−x
Ce
x
CrO3. Locked AFM and weak-FM configurations in Γ4(G

z
, F

y
, A

x
) phase of YCrO3 (S = 3/2 ground state) unlocks into the Γ2 (F

z
, G

y
, C

x
;

F

z

R

,

C

x

R

) phase of the canted AFM and FM structures with the dilute substitution of Ce (x ⩾ 0.05). The asymmetric and symmetric exchange interaction (J
AS ∼ 0.11 meV and J
S ∼ 0.85 meV) between the trivalent Ce and Cr enable the positive quartic-anisotropy field (

H

K

4

∼ 2.85 × 102 Oe) along with the second order anisotropy field (

H

K

2

∼ 5.93 × 102 Oe). Unlike the pristine YCrO3 compound, the Ce incorporated system exhibits a giant fourth-order anisotropy constant (K
4 = 1.35 × 105 erg/c.c.) due to the asymmetric exchange interaction between the trivalent Ce–Cr which further lifts the free energy of the system and causes lag in the onset of AFM ordering showing the significant thermal hysteresis (ΔT ∼ 10 K) in the field-cooled (FC)-warming measurement protocol as compared to the FC-cooling mode. The H–T phase diagram, mapped from the isothermal magnetization data and differential magnetic susceptibility data with different measurement protocols clearly distinguishes three prominent regions below the T
N (∼150 K), viz (i) long-range canted AFM + weak FM phase (Γ4 (G

z
, F

y
, A

x
)), (ii) Γ24 mixed phase and (iii) robust Γ2 (F

z
, G

y
, C

x
;

F

z

R

,

C

x

R

) AFM + FM phases. Tunable spin–flopped transition (∼ 30 kOe), significant negative exchange-bias field (H
EB ∼ 2.5 kOe), huge coercive field (H
C ∼ 22 kOe) and large NM (ΔM ∼ 280 emu/mole) are the unique characteristic features of the current investigated system.
Remaining useful life prediction for rolling bearings using correlation coefficient and Kullback–Leibler divergence feature selection
Authors: Liang Pan , Song Xudong , Wang Shengqi , Cong Yuyang , Chen Yilin
Published: October 2021

The prediction accuracy of bearing remaining useful life (RUL) is not high due to the unreasonable stage division of bearing performance degradation and the blindness of feature selection. In order to solve this problem, RUL prediction for rolling bearings using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC) and Kullback–Leibler divergence (KLIC) feature selection is proposed in this paper. First, in order to divide the bearing performance degradation status more accurately, a novel performance degradation state partition method is provided based on t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding and a k-means clustering algorithm. Second, multi-scale time status feature selection is implemented using PPMCC and KLIC. Finally, the above-proposed feature selection method is validated on the performance degradation data of rolling bearings provided by the University of Cincinnati platform. The results show good and stable effectiveness of the proposed method, and its superiority is demonstrated by comparison with other approaches.
Concentrated thermionic solar cells using graphene as the collector: theoretical efficiency limit and design rules
Authors: Zhang Xin , Sin Ang Yee , Ang Lay Kee , Chen Jincan
Published: October 2021

We propose an updated design on concentrated thermionic emission solar cells, which demonstrates a high solar-to-electricity energy conversion efficiency larger than 10% under 600 suns, by harnessing the exceptional electrical, thermal, and radiative properties of the graphene as a collector electrode. By constructing an analytical model that explicitly takes into account the non-Richardson behavior of the thermionic emission current from graphene, space charge effect in vacuum gap, and the various irreversible energy losses within the subcomponents, we perform detailed characterizations on the conversion efficiency limit and parametric optimum design of the proposed system. Under 800 suns, a maximum efficiency of 12.8% has been revealed, where current density is 3.87 A cm−2, output voltage is 1.76 V, emitter temperature is 1707 K, and collector temperature is 352 K. Moreover, we systematically compare the peak efficiencies of various configurations combining diamond or graphene, and show that utilizing diamond films as an emitter and graphene as a collector offers the highest conversion efficiency, thus revealing the important role of graphene in achieving high-performance thermionic emission solar cells. This work thus opens up new avenues to advance the efficiency limit of thermionic solar energy conversion and the development of next-generation novel-nanomaterial-based solar energy harvesting technology.
Ionic polymer metal composite compression sensors with 3D-structured interfaces
Authors: Histed Rebecca , Ngo Justin , Hussain Omar A , Lapins Chantel K , Fakharian Omid , Leang Kam K , Liao Yiliang , Aureli Matteo
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we report the development of tailored 3D-structured (engineered) polymer-metal interfaces to create enhanced ‘engineered ionic polymer metal composite’ (eIPMC) sensors towards soft, self-powered, high sensitivity strain sensor applications. We introduce a novel advanced additive manufacturing approach to tailor the morphology of the polymer-electrode interfaces via inkjet-printed polymer microscale features. We hypothesize that these features can promote inhomogeneous strain within the material upon the application of external pressure, responsible for improved compression sensing performance. We formalize a minimal physics-based chemoelectromechanical model to predict the linear sensor behavior of eIPMCs in both open-circuit and short-circuit sensing conditions. The model accounts for polymer-electrode interfacial topography to define the inhomogeneous mechanical response driving electrochemical transport in the eIPMC. Electrochemical experiments demonstrate improved electrochemical properties of the inkjet-printed eIPMCs as compared to the standard IPMC sensors fabricated from Nafion polymer sheets. Similarly, compression sensing results show a significant increase in sensing performance of inkjet-printed eIPMC. We also introduce two alternative methods of eIPMC fabrication for sub-millimeter features, namely filament-based fused-deposition manufacturing and stencil printing, and experimentally demonstrate their improved sensing performance. Our results demonstrate increasing voltage output associated to increasing applied mechanical pressure and enhanced performance of the proposed eIPMC sensors against traditional IPMC based compression sensors.