bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Postbiotics Derived from Bifidobacterium bifidum Strains and Influence of Postbiotic-Enriched Alginate Coating on Microbial and Physicochemical Quality of Turkey Breast Meat
Authors: Kaynakcı Emel Cengiz
Published: June 2024

Postbiotics are metabolites, cell components, and other bioactive molecules produced during the fermentation process by beneficial microorganisms such as probiotics. They can exhibit various biological activities, including immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to explore the in vitro antioxidant activity of postbiotics derived from Bifidobacterium bifidum DSM 20456 and B.bifidum BB12 strains, and to evaluate the effects of postbiotic-enriched alginate coatings on the microbial and physicochemical quality of turkey breast meat stored at refrigerator temperature for 7 days. Hence, the antimicrobial properties, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and 1,1-difenil-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH) of the postbiotics were determined. The results revealed that the TPC (87.13 ± 2.24-90.89 ± 1.63 mg GAE/100 mL), TFC (18.83 ± 2.21-24.20 ± 0.25 mg CE/ 100 mL), and DPPH (50.28 ± 0.20-51.56 ± 1.63 mg TEAC/100 mL) values of the tested postbiotics exhibited potential antioxidant capacity. The analysis results indicated that alginate coating with postbiotics caused significant differences in pH, b* (yellowness), and yeast/mold values of turkey meat during storage (p < 0.05). The yeast and mold values increased significantly, while the pH and b* values of the samples (except for the control and bb groups) decreased during storage (p < 0.05). On day 7, the abundance of yeast and mold in the bb group was 1.2 log CFU/g lower than in the control group (p < 0.05). In contrast, L* (brightness), a* (redness), lipid oxidation, total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and Listeria monocytogenes counts were not affected for 7 days (p > 0.05). Our results showed that Bifidobacterium postbiotic treatment did not adversely affect the microbiological and physicochemical properties of turkey breast meats. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that postbiotic-enriched alginate coatings may be a practical solution for the meat industry to improve and maintain the quality features of poultry meat products during storage.
Re-evaluation of the Concept of Cancer Stem Cells and Cancer Stemness in the Light of Evolutionary Cancer Cell Biology (ECCB)
Authors: Niculescu Vladimir
Published: June 2024

According to the ECCB, cancer represents the transition of a genomically damaged multicellular cell to a lower level of cell organization, controlled by the ancestral gene regulatory network (GRN) from the ancestral compartment of human and metazoan genomes. Cancer adopts ancient mechanisms and rules of the common ancestor, similar to those observed in parasitic amoebae. In cancer, the productive cell line generating CSCs is a non-gametogenic cancer germline. This germline proliferates through asymmetric cell division (ACD phenotype). CSCs lack proliferative capacity; they persist in hypoxic niches in a quiescent cell state or transition to an amplifying cell state that performs cyst-like polyploidization cycles, giving rise to precursors and CSCs capable of differentiation. Malignization arises from genomically dysfunctional tetraploid germline cells (DSCD phenotype) that proliferate in a precancerous stage through symmetric cell cycles. DSCD progeny undergo homotypic fusion, forming multinucleated genome repair syncytia (MGRS pathway) driving carcinogenesis. During tumorigenesis, metastasis, and recurrence, subsequent germline clones initiate a cascade of increasingly pathogenic CSCs through mechanisms such as heterotypic cell fusion, soma-to-germ transition, and polyploid giant cell structures (PGCCs). Irradiation and chemotherapies drive some of the very few surviving but dysfunctional CSCs through a PGCC repair pathway homologous to the MGRS pathway of carcinogenesis. The large number of PGCCs during metastasis and recurrence results from the perpetual germline cell damage and CSC poverty induced by oxygen levels above 6.0% O2 (germline hyperoxia).
Form and typology: systematic review in architectural publications
Authors: Vergara-Perucich Francisco
Published: June 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research on form and typology in architectural publications, spanning from 1999 to 2024. Utilizing the Web of Science database and the bibliometrix package in R, the study examines trends, influential works, and thematic evolution in the field. The findings reveal a progression from foundational themes such as "architecture," "culture," and "planning" to more specialized and diverse topics, including "sustainability," "parametric design," and "digital fabrication." Key influential works by authors like Jane Jacobs, Kevin Lynch, and Bill Hillier are highlighted. The study also underscores the collaborative nature of contemporary architectural research, with significant international co-authorship. While providing valuable insights into the research landscape, the study acknowledges limitations, such as database reliance and the need for qualitative analysis. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research, emphasizing the exploration of emerging technologies, interdisciplinary collaborations, and regional research dynamics.
Circular Modality in Construction: an Interdisciplinary Review in Detecting Knowledge Gaps and Future Research Trajectories
Authors: Jayalath Chandana
Published: June 2024

A general consensus is that the conventional linear modalities guarantee no industrial sustenance in long run for many obvious reasons. This is where the topicality of circularity has been accentuated for the last two decades or so in socio-political arena. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that the emphasis given to circularity in the construction industry is relatively low. Tackling this issue essentially warrants a rigorous co-production of integrated knowhow preferably beyond sectorial boundaries. The present study sheds light on interdisciplinary approaches taken to deal with the slowness in transmuting circularity into construction sector. A comprehensive literature survey was undertaken to understand this phenomenon at policy, firm and site level. The analysis included one hundred twenty-eight (128) articles published in high impact journals between 2003 and 2024. Eighty seven (87) gaps in terms of theory, knowledge, practice, method, empiricism and policy were observed. Forty four (44) thematic sub-clusters have the potential of empirical research. A new framework was finally proposed to scaffold the systemic transition towards a circular construction sector. On a practical level, the study offer valuable insights and instruments for the industry personnel to gauge the efficacy of their own circular approaches and initiatives.
Why Should Vaccines against Respiratory Diseases Go Mucosal? B Cell Epitope-Based Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Tobias Joshua , Steinberger Peter , Wilkinson Joy , Klais Gloria , Kundi Michael , Wiedermann Ursula
Published: June 2024

Immunity against respiratory pathogens is often short-term, and consequently there is an unmet need for effective prevention of such infections. One such infectious disease is COVID-19, which is caused by the novel Beta coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that emerged around the end of 2019. The World Health Organization declared the illness a pandemic on March 11, 2020, and since then it has killed or sickened millions of people globally. The development of COVID-19 systemic vaccines, which impressively led to a significant reduction in disease severity, hospitalization, and mortality, con-tained the pandemic's expansion. However, these vaccines have not been able to stop the virus from spreading because of the restricted development of mucosal immunity. As a result, breakthrough infections have frequently occurred and new strains of the virus have been emerging. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 will likely continue to circulate and, like the influenza virus, co-exist with humans. The upper respiratory tract and nasal cavity are the primary sites of SARS-CoV-2 infection and thus, a mucosal/nasal vaccination to induce a mucosal response and stop the virus transmission is warrant-ed. In this review, we present the status of the systemic vaccines, of the approved mucosal vaccines and those under evaluation in clinical trials. Furthermore, we present our approach of a B-cell pep-tide-based vaccination applied by prime-boost schedule for eliciting both systemic and mucosal immunity.
Early Diagnosis of Children with Neurodevelopment Disorders: A Review of Research with Implications for Applying DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria to Young Children
Authors: Dow Mirah , Wang Ting
Published: June 2024

This survey of research literature is an overview of the current state of science addressing DSM-5 diagnostic criteria as it relates to identifying Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in young children. Selected sources are of high quality and have been published since 2020 in peer-reviewed journals relevant to children’s health. The narrative is organized from the earliest to the most recent publications and is divided into sections around categories and themes that highlight the main arguments, findings, and controversies identified by researchers. There are indications in the literature that while ASD can be identified and differentiated from other developmental disorders in young children, doing so requires that clinicians who have relied on the DSM-5 should also use multiple measures, including other formalized screening tools as assessments that gather observational input from parents and caregivers, as well as findings from physical examinations, laboratory investigations, and magnetic resonance imagining (MRI). This high level of corroboration points to an emerging diagnosis paradigm through which transdiagnostic approaches to early diagnosis and intervention may exist.
A Review on the Perks of Using ChatGPT in Education
Authors: Heathen Taylor Smith , Lin David Evans
Published: June 2024

Incorporating ChatGPT into the classroom has several benefits that improve the educational experience for both teachers and students. ChatGPT seems useful in preparing students for success in the digital age, from personalized learning and increased instructional content to fostering collaboration, enabling bilingual classrooms, and encouraging creativity. This review offers insights regarding the perks of using ChatGPT in education as a tool for students. Among the many benefits of implementing ChatGPT in the classroom are enhanced accessibility, enhanced personalized learning, development of critical thinking skills, administrative support for educators, promotion of collaborative learning, and preparedness for a technologically advanced future. These advantages demonstrate how AI technologies have the capacity to drastically change teaching strategies and outcomes. While problems remain, the benefits of integrating ChatGPT in teaching are enormous. By integrating AI technology, educators may develop more dynamic and individualized learning environments that respond to the demands of 21st-century learners.
Current Advances in Radioactive Iodine Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Volpe Dott. Fabio , Nappi Carmela , Zampella Emilia , Di Donna Erica , Maurea Simone , Cuocolo Alberto , Klain Michele
Published: June 2024

Background: Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients have an outstanding overall long-term survival rate, certain subsets of DTC patients have a very high likelihood of disease recurrence. Radioactive iodine therapy is a cornerstone in DTC management, but sometimes it became useless when cancer cells develop refractoriness. Radioactive Iodine Refractory DTC (RAIR-DTC) is a condition defined by ATA 2015 guidelines when DTC cannot concentrate RAI ab initio or loses RAI uptake ability after the initial therapy. RAIR condition implies that RAI cannot reveal new met-astatic foci, so RAIR-DTC metabolic imaging needs new tracers. 18F-FDG PET/CT has been widely used, it has a demonstrated prognostic value, but 18F-FDG DTC avidity may remain low. FA-Pi, PSMA, SSTR tracers have been proposed as theragnostic agents in experimental settings and Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides in diagnostic trial field. Multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors are relatively new drugs approved in RAIR-DTC therapy. Despite the promising targeted setting, they relate to frequent adverse event onset. Sorafenib and trametinib have been included in re-differentiation protocols aimed to re-induce RAI accumulation in DTC cells. Results appeared promising, despite not excellent. Conclusions: RAIR-DTC yet represent a challenging nosological entity. There are still controversies on RAIR-DTC definition and post-RAI therapy evaluation with post-therapy whole body scan (PT-WBS) is the only validated criterion of response. The recent introduction of multiple diagnostic and therapeutic agents oblige physicians to pursue a multidisciplinary approach aiming to correct drug introduction and timing choice.
Gallbladder Burkitt’s Lymphoma in a Child Living with HIV: A Case Report
Authors: Duarte Nathalia Lopez , Bueno Ana Paula Silva , Sanches Bárbara Sarni , Ramos Gabriella Alves , Batista Layanara Albino , Abreu Thalita Fernandes de , Land Marcelo Gerardin Poirot , Milito Cristiane Bedran
Published: June 2024

Malignant lymphoma is an unusual form of gallbladder neoplasm. Almost all of these tumors are diffuse large B-cell lymphomas or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type lymphomas. Herein, we report a rare case of a gallbladder Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) in a child living with HIV. As far as we are concerned, this is the first report in the pediatric population and in an individual living with HIV. The patient attended the Federal Hospital of Lagoa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, underwent cholecystectomy and the postoperative pathological analysis of the gallbladder revealed a diagnosis of BL. Also, HIV serology was performed and returned positive. She was transferred to the Martagão Gesteira Institute of Pediatrics and Childcare for oncological treatment, dying from sepsis and disease progression about 18 months later. Patient did not undergo ART/cART. Previous cases of gallbladder BL were analyzed to characterize the clinicopathological features. BL can occur in the gallbladder both in the context of HIV infection and in the pediatric population. Biopsy is mandatory in cases with suggestive findings of lymphoma, and an early diagnosis can change the course of the disease. Furthermore, the case highlights the importance of an early initiation of ART/cART in people living with HIV (PLWH).
Navigating Supply Chain Disruptions- Qualitative Insights into Risk Management Practices
Authors: Reynolds Samantha
Published: June 2024

In today's globalized economy, supply chain disruptions present significant challenges, impacting businesses' operational continuity and efficiency. This study delves into the ways businesses navigate these disruptions, with a particular emphasis on qualitative insights into risk management practices. The complexity and interconnectivity inherent in modern supply chains make them vulnerable to a broad spectrum of disruptions, ranging from natural disasters and geopolitical conflicts to technological failures and pandemics. Effective supply chain risk management requires a structured approach to identifying potential risks, evaluating their likelihood and potential impact, and formulating robust mitigation strategies. Employing a qualitative research methodology, this study gathers in-depth insights from semi-structured interviews with supply chain managers, industry experts, and executives. The findings underscore the necessity of proactive risk identification and comprehensive assessment processes. Advanced technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and blockchain, are highlighted as crucial tools for enhancing visibility and responsiveness within supply chains. Strategies such as diversifying suppliers and maintaining safety stock emerge as vital components of risk mitigation, ensuring supply continuity in the face of disruptions. Strong relationships with suppliers are pivotal, facilitating better information sharing and collaborative problem-solving. Leadership commitment to risk management and fostering a culture of resilience within organizations is also critical. Training programs and simulation exercises are identified as effective means of preparing employees to handle disruptions. Furthermore, adherence to regulatory compliance and a focus on sustainability are integral to maintaining long-term stability and reducing the risk of future disruptions.
Sustainable Supply Chain Practices- A Qualitative Investigation of Green Logistics Strategies
Authors: Reynolds Samantha
Published: June 2024

This study investigates green logistics strategies adopted by businesses to enhance sustainability within their supply chains, particularly focusing on reducing carbon footprints and environmental impacts associated with transportation and distribution activities. Through qualitative analysis and interviews with supply chain managers, industry experts, and sustainability officers, this research provides insights into motivations, strategies, challenges, and benefits related to green logistics practices. Key findings highlight the critical role of aligning green logistics with corporate sustainability goals. Advanced technologies such as telematics, GPS tracking, and data analytics are instrumental in optimizing transportation routes, reducing fuel consumption, and minimizing emissions. Additionally, strategies like using eco-friendly vehicles, energy-efficient warehouse operations, and implementing reverse logistics are identified as effective means to mitigate environmental impacts. Collaboration and partnerships with suppliers, logistics providers, and stakeholders are essential for sharing best practices and fostering joint initiatives. Despite benefits such as cost savings and enhanced corporate reputation, challenges include high initial investments, the absence of standardized metrics for environmental impact, and regulatory complexities. However, regulatory compliance also acts as a driver for green logistics adoption and presents opportunities for improving sustainability performance. The integration of sustainability goals with logistics strategies underscores the interdisciplinary nature of sustainable supply chain management. This holistic approach encompasses aspects of entrepreneurship, emotional intelligence, marketing, and supplier relationship management.
First Exploration of a Novel Generalization of Lie and Malcev Algebras Leading to the Emergence of Complex Structures
Authors: Bermejo Valdés Alejandro Jesús
Published: June 2024

We introduce a novel algebraic structure, termed algebra B, which generalizes Lie algebras through the definition of a non-associative and unital algebra. We demonstrate that algebra B retains essential properties such as bilinearity and antisymmetry, and satisfies both the Jacobi and Malcev identities; this occurs when the product operations of Lie and Malcev algebras are derived from the product operation defined in our algebra. By examining the connections between algebra B, Malcev algebras, and Lie algebras, we establish that algebra B effectively generalizes these structures. Furthermore, we show that algebra B can generate complex entities with a novel structure distinct from those currently known. Our findings lay the groundwork for future investigations into the practical applications and further theoretical development of this new algebraic framework.
Adapting to Technological Change: A Qualitative Investigation of Digital Transformation in Supply Chain Operations
Authors: Reynolds Samantha
Published: June 2024

The rapid evolution of technology has profoundly reshaped supply chain operations across various industries, compelling organizations to adapt swiftly to maintain competitive advantage. This qualitative study delves into the adaptive strategies that organizations employ to navigate the intricate landscape of digital transformation within their supply chains. By conducting comprehensive in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, including supply chain managers, technology officers, and operational staff, this research aims to uncover the multifaceted challenges, opportunities, and best practices associated with integrating digital technologies into supply chain operations. The findings of this study reveal that successful digital transformation in supply chains hinges on several critical factors. Leadership plays a pivotal role in steering the organization through the complexities of technological change, emphasizing the need for visionary and adaptive leaders who can drive strategic initiatives. Organizational culture, characterized by a willingness to embrace change and foster innovation, emerges as a significant enabler of digital transformation. Additionally, strategic planning and a clear roadmap are essential for aligning technological initiatives with business objectives and ensuring seamless integration. Employee training and development are identified as crucial elements in overcoming resistance to change and enhancing digital literacy among the workforce. The study highlights the importance of continuous learning and skill development programs to equip employees with the necessary competencies to leverage new technologies effectively. Furthermore, the research underscores the significance of collaboration and communication across different levels of the organization to foster a cohesive approach to digital transformation. Challenges such as data security concerns, substantial financial investments, and the complexity of integrating diverse technologies are also explored. The insights derived from the interviews provide a nuanced understanding of how organizations can address these challenges by adopting robust cybersecurity measures, securing adequate funding, and leveraging modular and scalable technological solutions. This research contributes valuable empirical insights into the digital transformation journey of supply chain operations, offering practical recommendations for practitioners and scholars. The implications of this study are far-reaching, providing a framework for organizations to navigate the digital landscape successfully. Key recommendations include fostering a culture of innovation, investing in leadership development, prioritizing employee training, and adopting a strategic and holistic approach to digital transformation.
On modeling radiation-induced charge effects in objects of complex geometry
Authors: Zhukovskiy Mikhail Evgenievich
Published: June 2024

Algorithms for supercomputer modeling of the radiation-induced charge effects in materials of a complex multimodal structure are constructed. A geometric model of an object is created using Stilinger-Lubachevsky algorithms for objects of complex geometry. The model includes a system of detectors for statistical evaluation of functionals on the space of solutions of the photon-electron cascade transport equations. Visualization of simulation results is carried out using the three-dimensional approximation based on the neural network technology. The thechnique of mathematical simulating the generation and development of a photon-electronic cascade in a medium is used. The examples of results of calculations of the charge effects in a fragment of a bimodal material are presented. The results of the calculations show that the spatial distribution of the radiation-induced charges has a sharply inhomogeneous structure caused by the presence of boundaries of materials with different radiation properties.
MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS USED IN THE SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY FROM YEARS 2000 UP TO NOWADAYS
Authors: Czifra György
Published: June 2024

The continuous growth in demands for product quality and their utility properties in today's competitive environment places increased requirements on activities ranging from pre-production stages to sales completion. From these facts, it is evident that special attention must be paid to material selection, product design, and the construction of individual components, as well as the technologies used in their production and processing. Achieving high technical parameters for products while simultaneously optimizing the cost/performance or cost/utility value ratio compels designers and engineers to explore new progressive materials with high mechanical, chemical, and physical properties. They must also consider technologies that ensure efficient and precise manufacturing.
INFLUENCE OF FEED RATE ON THE DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF THIN-WALLED PART DURING END-MILLING
Authors: Dyadya Sergei , Kozlova Olena , Brukhno Eduard , Yakhno Denys , Karamushka Daria
Published: June 2024

When selecting cutting modes for end-milling of thin-walled parts from hard-to-machine materials, their influence on machining stability must be considered. To do this, it is necessary to understand the types of vibrations that operate and the conditions under which they arise. Research has shown that different types of vibrations operate sequentially during cutting and only for a certain of time. During end-milling, forced and accompanying free oscillations operates due to the short duration of cutting. Their influence on the stability of the cutting process depends on the speed zone in which the milling takes place. The most unfavorable is the third speed zone of vibrations, where accompanying free vibrations of high intensity occur. Cutting speeds for machining parts from hard-to-machine materials fall precisely within this zone. The intensity of vibrations is influenced by the dynamic properties of the part. During end-milling of thin-walled parts, these properties are characterized by the amplitude and frequency of accompanying free vibrations, which exceed the natural frequency of the part's free vibrations. In other words, cutting modes alter the dynamic properties of the part. Some researchers focus on utilizing the damping properties of the feed. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to determine how the feed affects the dynamic properties of the part during cutting. A universal stand was used for the investigation, which allows for the creation of various dynamic characteristics of the processed sample and recording its motion laws during milling on an oscillogram. The research results showed that the feed, as an element of cutting modes, influences the dynamic properties of the part during cutting. It creates a variable layer that is being cut. Therefore, during the cutting time, the frequency and amplitude of accompanying free vibrations change during both up- and down milling. The feed affects the dynamic stiffness. Increasing the feed increases the dynamic stiffness of the part. This leads to a reduction in the amplitude of accompanying free vibrations during milling in the third speed zone of vibrations. The results presented in the article have practical significance for technologists in the aviation manufacturing industry. They help to better understand the physical processes occurring during milling and develop optimal processing strategies for thin-walled parts, which have high requirements for dimensional accuracy and surface quality.
Oil well produced water pollutants photodegradation using an innovative double Z-scheme ternary heterostructure of MIL-101(Cr)/Fe3O4-SiO2/nanorod-graphitic carbon nitride
Authors: Azmoon parisa , farhadian mehrdad , pendashteh alireza , tangestaninejad shahram
Published: June 2024

An innovative ternary heterostructure, MIL-101(Cr)/Fe3O4-SiO2/nanorod-graphitic carbon nitride (MIL-Cr/F@S/nr-GCN), was synthesized by hydrothermal technique. Comprehensive physiochemical characterizations were conducted to elucidate the structural and optical properties. The synthesized photocatalysts were evaluated for adsorption and photodegradation of oil well produced water pollutants. Remarkably, the ternary heterostructure composite with 20 wt% of nr-GCN exhibited superior photocatalytic performance compared to nr-GCN and the MIL-Cr/F@S binary composite. Under visible-light illumination, the maximum removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand for synthetic oil well produced water reached 97.4% under optimized conditions (pH 4, illumination time 90 min, photocatalyst dosage 0.6 g/L, and pollutant initial concentration 754 mg/L). Adsorption studies revealed adherence to the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm models The ternary composite displayed degradation rates 2.8 and 2 times higher than nr-GCN and MIL-Cr/F@S, respectively. This enhanced activity was attributed to the double Z-scheme configuration, providing a high specific surface area (653 m2/g), an appropriate bandgap energy (1.6 eV), and efficient charge carrier separation. Moreover, the ternary photocatalysts demonstrated excellent reusability over five cycles without Cr ions leaching into the water. These findings underscore the potential of the novel ternary heterostructure as a green and robust photocatalyst for oil well produced water treatment.
Comparative study on the synergistic co-pyrolysis of plastics and rubber waste: thermal behavior and product distributions
Authors: Shao Yan , Xia Yang , Wang Shoukang , Wang Jun , Wang Yuan , Liu Zihao , Lou Fangfang , Lei Jiahui , Huang Qunxing
Published: June 2024

The huge market demand, large annual yield, wide application, and massive discard of plastics and tires have brought severe environmental issues. It is urgent to find an efficient way to recycle waste plastics and tires as high-value chemicals and energy fuels. Pyrolysis has long been considered a clean and productive technology. However, waste polymers are complex mixtures. The co-pyrolysis of the mixture is difficult but essential for energy and material recovery. This study investigated the co-pyrolysis of PE, PS, PVC, and TW using Thermogravimetric analysis, Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, and lab scale experiments at 550°C. The results revealed significant synergistic effects between different polymers. The interaction effect was reflected by thermal behavior, product distribution, and product components. There were also differences between lab scale programmed heating pyrolysis and micro-scale fast pyrolysis. The interaction of PE/PVC and PE/TW improved olefin yield due to the synergistic effect. While aromatics formation was promoted by PS/TW and PVC/TW. It can be deduced that PE had a positive effect on chain scission reaction, while PS and PVC induced cyclization and aromatization reactions. The possible reaction pathways were proposed to get a better understanding of co-pyrolysis. Our study provided theoretical guidance for mixed polymer co-pyrolysis and product regulation.
Spatial Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis in Breast Cancer Reveals Potential Biomarkers for PD1 Blockade Therapy
Authors: Wang Nan , Song Yan , Hong Weifeng , Mo Hongnan , Song Zhentao , Dai Wenshuang , Wang Lianshui , Zhang Haiyang , Zhang Yuyan , Zhang Qi , Zhang Hui , Zhang Tao , Wang Yuyi , Li Yeyu , Ma Jiafei , Shao Changchao , Yu Min , Qian Haili , Ma Fei , Ding Zhiyong
Published: June 2024

Understanding cellular crosstalk in the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial for unraveling the molecular mechanisms behind disease progression and response to therapies. Recent technological advancements enable spatial single-cell transcriptomic analysis of the TME; however, spatial transcriptomic data at true single-cell resolution are inadequate for dissecting the intricate architecture of the TME in breast and other cancers. The purpose of this study was to apply the latest spatial single-cell transcriptomics technology to dissect the breast cancer TME and identify potential biomarkers of therapeutic responses. We employed the cutting-edge Xenium technology to analyze the TME of various types of breast cancer including luminal-type, HER2+/HR-, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Our findings validated the effectiveness of the technology in achieving spatial cell annotation in the TME at the single-cell resolution. Notably, despite the diverse intrinsic features of various breast cancer types, spatial single-cell analysis of the TME revealed a prominent interplay among macrophages and T cells mediated by the CD274/CD80 interaction. This interplay aligns with the observed improvement in clinical responses to PD1 blockade therapies. Additionally, our results revealed that effector T cells, proliferative T cells, and macrophages localize closer to tumor cells in responders compared to non-responders of PD1 blockade therapy. Therefore, the CD274/CD80 ligand-receptor interaction, as well as the spatial localization of specific immune cells, represents potential biomarkers for future development for the advancement of immunotherapies in breast cancer.
The Prevalence of Post Stroke Delirium and associated risk factors a multicenter prospective study in hospitalized patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College and Yehulshet Specialty Clinic, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Authors: Ketema Beruk , Mengistu Getahun , Melka Dereje , Zenebe Yared , Zebenigus Mehila , Leul Feryat
Published: June 2024

Background
Post-stroke delirium, a frequent and significant complication of stroke, manifests as a sudden onset of confusion, altered consciousness, and cognitive decline. Various factors contribute to its occurrence, including old age, multiple comorbidity, electrolyte abnormalities, and infections. The impact of post-stroke delirium on stroke recovery is substantial. It leads to prolonged hospital stays, heightened risk of institutionalization, increased dependence, and elevated mortality rates. As a result, early identification and prompt treatment of post-stroke delirium are imperative for optimizing outcomes in stroke patients.
Objective
The objective of this study is to determine the Prevalence of post-stroke delirium and associated risk factors in hospitalized patients at TASH, Y12HMC, and YSC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from August to December 2023 G.c.
Method
We performed a prospective observational cross-sectional study, including all the stroke patients admitted to the respective study areas during the study period from August to December 2023 G.c.
Three-Dimensional Cloud-Resolving Modeling of the Flash-Flood Heavy Rainfall Event over Kosovo
Authors: Osmanaj Lavdim , Spiridonov Irena , Jakimovski Boro , Spiridonov Vlado
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the intense flash-flood heavy rainfall event that struck Kosovo on 24 June 2023, unleashing an unprecedented 54 mm of rainfall within an hour. Employing a state-of-the-art three-dimensional non-hydrostatic cloud-resolving model, the research elucidates the atmospheric processes driving extreme precipitation events. Key findings include the formation of high-altitude cumulonimbus clouds, the role of strong updrafts in promoting intense microphysical vertical transfer, and the subsequent formation of wet downbursts. Validation against radar data confirms the model's accuracy in replicating observed precipitation patterns, enhancing confidence in its predictive capabilities. These findings contribute to advancing our understanding of extreme weather events and hold promise for improved forecasting and risk mitigation strategies.
Capturing Fear through Eyes to Aid in Restoring Social Functioning for Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Machine Learning Research Evidence from the Emotion Face Database
Authors: Li Yafang , Liu Hexin , Feng Hong , Shen Xunbing , Chen Zhencai , Luo Weiqin , Li Na , Tan Shunyan
Published: June 2024

Background: Fearful facial recognition deficits are common predictors of Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, autism, etc., and are closely related to disease severity. Training in fearful facial recognition has been shown to promote the recovery of social function in patients. The eye region plays a crucial role in recognizing fear, and Asians are more likely to use the eye region to express and recognize facial emotions. The aim of this study was to 1) define eye characteristic indicators that can be used to recognize fearful faces, 2) construct a fear emotion recognition model based on eye features using machine learning, and evaluate the accuracy and performance of these indicators for fearful face recognition to clarify the application value of eye indicators in fearful face recognition.
Methods: In this research, images of fearful and nonfearful expressions from databases such as the Radboud Faces Database (RF), Facial Expression Recognition 2013 dataset (FER2013), Japanese Female Facial Expressions (JAFFE), and Extended Cohn-Kanade (CK+) were utilized, and 2573 emotional facial images were included (1264 fearful and 1309 nonfearful). OpenFace is employed to extract eye characteristics from facial images. Six algorithms, including the random forest, support vector machine, K-nearest neighbor, logistic regression, naive Bayes and neural network algorithms, are used for modelling. The ROC curve (AUC), precision, recall, F1 score, and specificity were used to evaluate the performance of the six machine learning models in fear emotion recognition. The optimal fear emotion recognition model based on eye characteristics is selected based on these evaluations.
Results: Our findings indicate that eye opening degree, inner eye distance, pupil size, eyelid distance, and iris size are important indicators of fearful emotions. The modelling method utilizing eye characteristics based on the random forest algorithm achieved the highest accuracy in fear emotion recognition, at 91.58%, with superior model performance.
Conclusions: Eye characteristics serve as important external clues for recognizing fearful emotions. Modelling eye characteristics based on the random forest algorithm can be effectively applied in the field of fear emotion recognition. Facial expression recognition training based on eye opening degree, inner eye distance, pupil size, eyelid distance, and iris size may aid in the recovery of social function in patients with Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, autism, etc.
Role of pharmacists in disaster management: a qualitative study exploring the experience of Saudi pharmacists during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Alfadl Abubakr Abdelraouf , Alkhuwailed Rayan Abdulaziz , Aldekheel Ziyad Dekheel , Alfurayh Ziyad Waleed
Published: June 2024

Background
Saudi Arabia is prone to different types of public health emergencies, and all health personnel should be ready and prepared to contribute to disaster management. Although pharmacists are essential personnel in disaster management, but their role still have not been well studied in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the role of Saudi pharmacists within each of the public health emergency phases; prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery (PPRR).
Methods
A qualitative exploratory method was employed where a purposive sampling was used to recruit pharmacists from different areas in Saudi Arabia to participate in semi-structured interviews. A total of 9 semi-structured interviews were conducted. Each interview was recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed.
Results
Four major themes: (1) Prevention, (2) Preparedness, (3) Response, (4) Recovery; and 20 sub-themes (five sub-themes in each major theme) were identified. Participants felt that there was a limited role for pharmacists in many aspects, especially those under preparedness and response.
Conclusion
This study highlighted how pharmacists perceive their roles in disaster management. Findings of this study could help policy makers to better understand pharmacists’ perceptions on their readiness and acceptance for wider role in disaster management.
Effective results of experimental herbal remedies in treating life- threatening viral infections in animals
Authors: Feng Jiangnan , Ma zhenghua , Wu Hua , Yi chengsheng , Gao Meiying , zhu Dengbing , Ma Minghai , Cheng Rui , Liu Xia , Feng Xue , Li Xianfu , Yan Yu
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUNDThere is currently no effective treatment for acute viral infections. Marecipe AV therapeutics, a prescription compound of various herbs, has been utilized at our clinic for many years in the treatment of viral infectious diseases and has shown to have a possible therapeutic effect.
METHODS The oral administration of Marecipe AV has been used to treat several naturally infected life-threatening viral infections with high morbidity and mortality in animals. The efficacy was measured by comparing mortality rates between treated and untreated animals.
RESULTS The mortality was 28.57% versus 100% among treated and untreated pigs naturally infected with African swine fever. The mortality was 0% versus 100% for treated and untreated cases when treatment was administered in the early presymptomatic stage.
The mortality was 39.04% versus 100% in treated and untreated ducks naturally infected with Avian influenza, and 0.86% versus 99.83% for treated and untreated ducks when treatment is given in the early presymptomatic stage. For chickens, the mortality was 4.60% versus 85% for treated and untreated, respectively. All surviving ducks and chickens ultimately achieved complete recovery.
For dogs with canine distemper and/or canine parvovirus, the mortality was 10.11% and 82.88% among the treated and untreated. For dogs infected with parvovirus only, the mortality was 0% for treated and 87.5% for untreated. Among dogs simultaneously infected with parvovirus and canine distemper, the mortality was 15.25% and 96.84% for treated and untreated, respectively. All surviving dogs fully recovered.
Conclusions The findings indicate that MarecipeAV can save lives from several deadly viral infections and cure these viral infections. Marecipe AV presents a new effective treatment Opportunity for acute viral infections.
Baseline studies on meiofauna in the Baltic Sea before bottom-trawl fisheries exclusion I. Comparison of communities in the Fehmarn Belt (western Baltic Sea), with special reference to the Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda)
Authors: Packmor Jana , George Kai Horst , Schönke Mischa , Arbizu Pedro Martínez
Published: June 2024

As part of the DAM pilot mission “MGF Ostsee”, the meiobenthic communities of a protected area and a reference area in the Fehmarn Belt (Baltic Sea, Germany) were compared, with both study areas currently permitting mobile bottom trawling (MGF). Meiobenthic data were recorded at the major taxon level, with a special focus on the Copepoda Harpacticoida, which was further examined at the species level. This data collection will serve as a baseline for future assessments, after the planned exclusion of MGF in the protected area in 2024 to identify potential impacts of MGF on meiofaunal communities. In assessing the meiobenthic data in relation to trawling impact, a trawling index derived from multibeam data for the Fehmarn Belt was employed, developed in an early stage of the project. Comparison of major taxonomic levels did not reveal significant differences between the protected and reference areas in terms of taxa composition, abundance values or diversity. However, analysis of the Harpacticoida community at the species level showed that the compared areas differ significantly in species composition and abundance but not in diversity. These differences in the distribution of harpacticoid species indicate a small-scale heterogeneity of different (a)biotic factors. The initial correlation analyses between trawling intensity and both the main taxonomic levels and the Harpacticoida community did not reveal statistically significant results, which is attributable to the relatively small number of samples all recovered in an area affected by trawling. Nevertheless, a higher variance in total abundance between replicates was observed with increasing trawling intensity.
De-novo ATR-16 syndrome associated with inherited hemoglobin Evanston causing HbH phenotype: a rare occurrence
Authors: Jajodia Ekta , Menghani Hemant , Arora Neeraj , Jitani Ankit
Published: June 2024

Abnormality of three α-globin genes, either deletion or point mutation results in symptomatic Hemoglobin H (HbH) phenotype. Most of such cases of α-globin defects are inherited from the parents, de-novo cases are exceedingly rare. Herein, a case of HbH is reported where the proband inherited one α-globin gene with a point mutation (αEvanston) from the mother. This was associated with large de-novo deletion of chromosome 16p13.3 resulting in α-thalassemia and mental retardation (ATR-16) syndrome. This deletion also encompassed two α-globin genes from chromosome 16, eventually leading to --/ααEvanston genotype, explaining the clinical presentation of the proband. The challenges in screening of such cases and confirming the molecular diagnosis along with the mode of inheritance has been discussed.
A Quality by Design strategy for cocrystal design based on novel computational and experimental screening strategies with the aim of rapid scale-up to continuous manufacture via Hot-Melt Extrusion: Part A
Authors: Ross Steven A. , Ward Adam , Basford Patricia , McAllister Mark , Douroumis Dennis
Published: June 2024

Cocrystals provide exciting opportunities in the pharmaceutical industry for the development and manufacture of new medicines. A wide range of potential compounds, that can form cocrystals, necessitates the development of computational cocrystal screening systems to predict and rank the likelihood of cocrystallization between an API/coformer pair. Here we present a strategy for the selection of multicomponent systems involving computational modelling for screening of drug – former pairs based on a combination of molecular complementarity and H-bond propensity screening. In this study, a Quality by Design (QbD) crystal engineering approach is combined with experimental screening methods to produce cocrystals of a novel 5‐Lipoxygenase (5‐LO) inhibitor, PF-04191834 (PF4). Jet dispensing printing technology is co-opted as a mechanism for High-Throughput Screening (HTS) of different stoichiometric ratios.