bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To use or not to use electronic cigarettes? Reasons for use, stopping use and their behavioural sequelae among Mexicans who smoke
Authors: Gallegos Carrillo Katia , Vidaña-Pérez Dèsirée , Barrientos-Gutierrez Inti , Arillo-Santillán Edna , Cruz-Jiménez Lizeth , Rodríguez-Bolaños Rosibel , Thrasher James F
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Reasons for using and stopping the use of e-cigarettes and their associations with transitions in nicotine product use are relatively unknown in countries with e-cigarette bans, such as Mexico.

Methods

Data comes from an open cohort of people who smoke in Mexico, surveyed every 4 months from November 2018 to November 2021. Those who smoked and used e-cigarettes at time t (n=904 individuals, 1653 observations) were categorised at 4-month follow-up (t+1): (1) continued ‘dual use’, (2) exclusive smoking, (3) exclusive use of e-cigarettes or neither product. For people who formerly used e-cigarettes at time t (n=332 individuals, 372 observations), follow-up categories were: (1) continued exclusive smoking; (2) re-initiated e-cigarette use. Multinomial and logistic models regressed follow-up status (ref=status at time t) on reasons for using or stopping e-cigarette use, respectively, at time t, adjusting for covariates.

Results

The most prevalent reasons for current e-cigarette use were ‘they were less harmful to others’ (40.5%) and ‘enjoyable’ (39.0%). Those who reported using e-cigarettes because they were less harmful to others (Adjusted Relative Risk Ratio (ARRR)=0.67), more enjoyable (ARRR=0.52), could help them to quit smoking (ARRR=0.65), or to control weight (ARRR=0.46) were less likely to return to exclusively smoking. Among people who formerly used e-cigarettes, lack of satisfaction was the primary reason for stopping e-cigarette use (32%) and those who reported this were less likely to start using e-cigarettes again at follow-up (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR)=0.58).

Conclusions

Specific reasons for using and stopping e-cigarettes predict changes in smoking and e-cigarette use, and targeting these beliefs could promote desired behaviour changes.
CD206+macrophages are relevant non-invasive imaging biomarkers and therapeutic targets in experimental lung fibrosis
Authors: Pommerolle Lenny , Beltramo Guillaume , Biziorek Leo , Truchi Marin , Dias Alexandre Magno Maneschy , Dondaine Lucile , Tanguy Julie , Pernet Nicolas , Goncalves Victor , Bouchard Alexanne , Monterrat Marie , Savary Grégoire , Pottier Nicolas , Ask Kjetil , Kolb Martin R J , Mari Bernard , Garrido Carmen , Collin Bertrand , Bonniaud Philippe , Burgy Olivier , Goirand Françoise , Bellaye Pierre-Simon
Published: July 2024

Background

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) include a large number of diseases associated with progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF), including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Despite the rarity of each of the fibrotic ILDs individually, they cumulatively affect a considerable number of patients. PPF is characterised by an excessive collagen deposition leading to functional decline.

Objectives

Therapeutic options are limited to nintedanib and pirfenidone which are only able to reduce fibrosis progression. CD206-expressing M2 macrophages are involved in fibrosis progression, and whether they may be relevant therapeutic targets or biomarkers remains an open question.

Results

In our study, CD206+lung macrophages were monitored in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice by combining flow cytometry, scRNAseq and in vivo molecular imaging using a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radiopharmaceutical,99mTc-tilmanocept. The antifibrotic effect of the inhibition of M2 macrophage polarisation with a JAK inhibitor, tofacitinib, was assessed in vivo. We demonstrate that CD206-targeted in vivo SPECT imaging with99mTc-tilmanocept was able to accurately detect and quantify the increase in CD206+macrophages from early to advanced stages of experimental fibrosis and ex vivo in lung biopsies from patients with IPF. CD206-targeted imaging also specifically detected a decrease in CD206+lung macrophages on nintedanib and tofacitinib treatment. Importantly, early in vivo imaging of CD206+macrophages allowed the prediction of experimental lung fibrosis progression as well as nintedanib and tofacitinib efficacy.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that M2 macrophages may be relevant theranostic targets for personalised medicine for patients with PPF.
Rogue wave, lump, kink, periodic and breather-like solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional KdV equation
Authors: Zheng Wanguang , Liu Yaqing , Chu Jingyi
Published: July 2024

In this paper, the ([Formula: see text])-dimensional KdV equation is investigated by using the bilinear neural network method (BNNM). We construct six neural network models, extending beyond single hidden layer models to create deeper and broader network structures (e.g. [3-3-1], [3-4-1], [3-1-3-1], [3-4-1-1], [3-2-2-1] and [3-2-3-1-1] models). Introducing specific activation functions into the neural network model enables the generation of various test functions, resulting in novel solutions for equations that include rogue wave solutions, lump-kink solutions, periodic soliton solution, breather-like solutions and lump solutions. The physical properties of these novel solutions are vividly depicted through three-dimensional plots, density plots, and curve plots. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the propagation behavior of shallow water waves.
Synchronizability of multilayer totally homogeneous networks
Authors: Li Xiang , Wu Yongqing
Published: July 2024

In this study, we concentrate on the synchronizability of multilayer totally homogeneous networks. The eigenvalue spectrum of four typical multilayer networks, including multilayer nearest-neighbor regular networks, multilayer small-world networks, multilayer random networks and multilayer totally homogeneous networks, has been rigorously derived and the synchronizability of four typical multilayer networks has been compared due to the master stability function. Furthermore, numerical simulations are performed to validate the synchronizability of these multilayer networks. The results indicate that multilayer totally homogeneous networks exhibit optimal synchronizability. The Euler characteristic numbers and Betti numbers of these networks are derived, and their relationships with the synchronizability of multilayer networks are analyzed. We can observe that a negative correlation is exhibited between the Euler characteristic number and the synchronizability of multilayer networks, while a positive correlation is exhibited between the Betti number and the synchronizability of multilayer networks.
Thermal improvement of the porous system through numerical solution of nanofluid under the existence of activation energy and Lorentz force
Authors: Nazeer Mubbashar , Usman Rafiq Muhammad , Islam Saba
Published: July 2024

Background: The important physical phenomenon under the action of microgravity is called Marangoni convection. This convection occurs due to the surface tension gradient of the interface, which has various applications, such as crystal growth melt.

Objective: This research aims to explore the effects of heat radiation, heat generation, viscous dissipation, and activation energy on the Marangoni flow of nanofluids. The development of the mathematical model takes into account the activation energy and uniform liquid properties. The Darcy–Forchheimer model is also used to emphasize the influence of porous media parameters.

Method: The numerical algorithm of the shooting method based on Newton’s Raphson method is developed in MATLAB and used to find the numerical solution of the obtained equations.

Findings: The temperature field is enhanced by thermophoresis parameters, Brownian motion parameters, Schmitt number, and magnetic number, but decreases in the range where the Marangoni ratio increases. The Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are increased and decreased via the Marangoni ratio parameter, respectively.

Research gap: The numerical solution of the Marangoni flow of nanofluids in a porous medium under the effects of heat radiation, heat generation, viscous dissipation, and activation energy was not discussed before.
ENHANCING OTFS MODULATION FOR 6G THROUGH HYBRID PAPR REDUCTION TECHNIQUE FOR DIFFERENT SUB-CARRIERS
Authors: NANTHAAMORNPHONG AZIZ , KUMAR ARUN , ALAMRO HAYAM , ALRUWAIS NUHA , ALLAFI RANDA , NEMRI NADHEM , GAUR NISHANT , SADIG MUTASIM AL
Published: July 2024

Peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) is vital for optimizing signal efficiency, minimizing distortion, and enhancing the performance of a beyond fifth-generation (B5G) system. The paper focuses on lowering the PAPR while retaining the bit error rate (BER) and power spectral density (PSD) for 64 and 256 sub-carriers. The PAPR is minimized by using a fractal optimization process known as selective mapping (SLM) and partial transmission sequence (PTS) at the transmitting block of the OTFS framework. The combination of SLM and PTS reduces peak power by selectively modifying the phase of transmitted symbols. SLM generates multiple versions of the signal, while PTS allocates power to these versions optimally, collectively mitigating amplitude peaks and minimizing PAPR. According to the simulation results, the suggested SLM+PTS works better than the traditional SLM and PTS, achieving low spectrum leakage and PAPR improvements of 5.5 dB and 4.9[Formula: see text]dB as well as SNR gains of 2.4[Formula: see text]dB and 2.1[Formula: see text]dB. In the future, SLM+PTS may work on lowering PAPR by making computers faster, researching adaptive algorithms, and combining machine learning methods for real-time optimization in various communication settings. Complex modeling, including fractal-based SLM and PTS approaches, provides a detailed understanding of waveform behavior and interference patterns, enabling more accurate and effective hybrid PAPR reduction techniques. This combination enhances the ability to manage to mitigate non-linear distortion across various sub-carriers, crucial for the performance and efficiency of 6G OTFS modulation.
DeepSneak: User GPS Trajectory Reconstruction from Federated Route Recommendation Models
Authors: Ariyarathna Thirasara , Mohommady Meisam , Paik Hye-young , Kanhere Salil S.
Published: July 2024

Decentralized machine learning, such as Federated Learning (FL), is widely adopted in many application domains. Especially in domains like recommendation systems, sharing gradients instead of private data has recently caught the research community’s attention. Personalized travel route recommendation utilizes users’ location data to recommend optimal travel routes. Location data is extremely privacy sensitive, presenting increased risks of exposing behavioral patterns and demographic attributes. FL for route recommendation can mitigate the sharing of location data. However, this article shows that an adversary can recover the user trajectories used to train the federated recommendation models with high proximity accuracy. To this effect, we propose a novel attack called DeepSneak, which uses shared gradients obtained from global model training in FL to reconstruct private user trajectories. We formulate the attack as a regression problem and train a generative model by minimizing the distance between gradients. We validate the success of DeepSneak on two real-world trajectory datasets. The results show that we can recover the location trajectories of users with reasonable spatial and semantic accuracy.
One-Step Electrochemical Synthesis of Molybdenum-Disulfide-Based Materials for Enhanced Supercapacitor Performance
Authors: Hacinecipoglu Ayse V. , Demir Ozge , Gencten Metin , Sahin Yucel
Published: July 2024

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-based two-dimensional materials were produced in one-step at room temperature using cyclic voltammetry technique. These materials were then used as electrode materials in supercapacitors. Concentration of supporting electrolyte, precursor, and cycle number parameters, which were the factors affecting the success of the synthesis, were optimized as 0.5 M, 0.15 M,and 10 cycles, respectively. The produced MoS2-coated electrodes were characterized using spectroscopic and microscopic methods. The chemical characterizations of the produced materials were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction diffractometry, and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Surface morphologies of the composite materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the produced MoS2-based materials were used as electrode materials in supercapacitors. The produced supercapacitors were characterized using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods, and the changes in the capacitive behavior of these systems over cycles were investigated using the cyclic charge-discharge technique. The highest areal capacitance value was determined as 251 mF.cm−2 at 0.2 mA.cm−2 charge-discharge current rates in 1.0 M H2SO4 by using of MoS-AD1 as the electrode material. Capacitance retention of this electrode was over 100% after 4000 cycles.
Comparative Analysis of Pelvic Floor Muscle Damage Postpartum: Vaginal Delivery vs. Cesarean Section
Authors: Chen Shaohui , Wang Ling , Guo Huitao , Jiang Min , Wang Xiaojun
Published: July 2024

Background. Evaluation of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) strength damage across different delivery modes, providing insights into potential preventive measures for pelvic floor dysfunctions (PFDs) in the early postpartum period. Aim. Compare the differences in PFM strength and endurance between full‐term cesarean section (CS) and vaginal delivery (VD) in the early postpartum period of primiparous women. Methods. The assessment included stress urinary incontinence (SUI), pelvic organ prolapse (POP), and pelvic floor electromyography (PFE). Muscle fiber strength was categorized into four modes at a threshold level of 3: I < 3 II < 3, I < 3 II > 3; I > 3 II < 3, I > 3 II > 3. Multinomial logistic regression was employed for CS and VD, and a sensitivity analysis was conducted using level 2 as the threshold. Outcomes. When muscle fiber strength was categorized into four modes at a threshold level of 3, Type I, and Type II fiber muscle endurance (FME) are differences between the CS and VD groups. Results. The CS and VD groups differed significantly in SUI and anterior and posterior vaginal wall conditions. MDVP was below the normal range in both groups, and MDVP, PFM strength, and PFM endurance did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). Logistic regression results indicated that higher MDVP, Type I, and Type II FME were protective factors when I < 3 in the VD group. However, I < 3‐II > 3, higher MDVP, and Type I FME were protective factors (OR: 0.339, 95% CI: 0.223, 0.516) in the CS group. Clinical Implications. The study introduces a nuanced understanding of the impact of different delivery modes on PFM, contributing valuable insights for clinical prevention and treatment strategies in the early postpartum period. Strengths and Limitations. Muscle fiber strength was categorized into four modes and further sensitivity analysis was conducted. This study only conducted a correlation analysis of outcome variables without considering intervenable variables. Conclusions. The VD group had a higher incidence of pelvic floor dysfunction in the early postpartum period than the CS group. Both groups experienced a decline in PFM function without significant differences. CS was primarily associated with Type I muscle fiber damage, while VD was related to both Type I and II muscle fiber damage. Improving PFM endurance is beneficial for muscle strength recovery.
The Efficient Method to Solve the Conformable Time Fractional Benney Equation
Authors: Güngör Hakkı
Published: July 2024

The current study employed the innovative conformable fractional method to analyze the nonlinear Benney equations involving the conformable fractional derivative. Conformable fractional Benney equations have been examined by the conformable q‐Shehu analysis transform method. By including nonlinear factors, it offers a more precise depiction of wave propagation compared to linear models. Various natural phenomena, including ocean waves, plasma waves, and some forms of solitons, display nonlinear behavior that cannot be precisely explained by linear equations. The fractional Benney equation is important because it extends the classical Benney equation, which describes the evolution of weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive long waves in shallow water. By incorporating fractional calculus operators, the fractional Benney equation provides a more accurate description of wave propagation phenomena in certain physical systems characterized by nonlocal or memory‐dependent behavior. The utilization of the Benney equation enables researchers to simulate these occurrences with greater realism. This study investigates the convergence and inaccuracy of the future scheme. The conformable q‐Shehu homotopy analysis transform method (Cq‐SHATM) generates h‐curves that demonstrate the convergence interval of the series solution obtained. In order to determine the effectiveness and suitability of the Cq‐SHATM, uniqueness and convergence theorems have been proven. This study presents an application that showcases the potential advantages and efficacy of the suggested method. Moreover, an error analysis is conducted to validate the precision of the scheme. Computational simulations are performed to verify the accuracy of the upcoming method. This study presents the results gained from the numerical and graphical analysis. The method presented in this work demonstrates a high level of computational accuracy and simplicity in analyzing and solving complex phenomena associated with conformable fractional nonlinear partial differential equations in the fields of science and technology.
Zeolite‐Based Anti‐corrosion Pigments for Polymer Coatings: A Brief Review
Authors: Korniy Sergiy , Danyliak Mariia-Olena , Zin Ivan
Published: July 2024

The article provides a brief overview of the use of zeolites as environmentally safe anticorrosion pigments for organic coatings on metals. The number of studies on zeolite‐based inhibiting pigments has increased significantly in recent years, due to the need to replace chromates and reduce the content of phosphate corrosion inhibitors. Based on the results available in the literature, an assessment was conducted on the inhibitory properties of complex zeolite pigments obtained by various methods. Emphasis is placed on the advantages and disadvantages of ion exchange modification of zeolites with inhibitory substances and mechanochemical synthesis of pigments. Zeolites have a wide perspective in anticorrosion technologies due to their porous structure, large surface area, high pore volume, and the ability to accumulate inhibitory ions and molecules. Such properties of zeolites make possible their use for the development of self‐healing or “smart” polymer coatings. Considering the environmental safety of zeolites and their excellent thermal and chemical stability, anti‐corrosion polymer coatings inhibited by zeolite pigments could become an effective environmentally friendly alternative to chromate‐based protective coatings. The main trends and prospects for the development of research in this domain are presented.
On the Cardinality and Power Set of Fuzzy Sets and Multiple Sets
Authors: R. Sanjitha , T. Baiju , S. Pai Sandhya
Published: July 2024

A multiple set is a generalized version of a fuzzy set that deals with the uncertainty of an object along with its multiplicity. This work is a comparative analysis of the fundamental conclusions based on the cardinality of the classical set and fuzzy set. Several classical results based on fuzzy cardinality are then generalized to multiple set theory. An introduction to the concept of the power set of a multiple set is made, along with some basic results that support it. Furthermore, an extensive analysis of the power set properties of the fuzzy set is also carried out.
Role of Different Adjunctive Protective Devices to Reduce Operator Radiation Exposure in Percutaneous Coronary Procedures: The RAPTOR Study
Authors: Sciahbasi Alessandro , Salvi Nicolò , Patrizi Roberto , Di Russo Cristian , Cera Maria , Bocci Alessandro , Starnazzi Francesco , Fedele Silvio , Granatelli Antonino
Published: July 2024

Objective. To compare the relative effectiveness of different anti‐Rx devices in terms of radiation dose absorbed by operators during percutaneous coronary procedures (diagnostic or interventional). Background. Direct comparisons among different adjunctive anti‐Rx devices during percutaneous coronary procedures to reduce operator radiation exposure are lacking. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the last 200 percutaneous procedures performed by a single operator according to the use of adjunctive protective devices (group 1) or standard anti‐Rx setting (group 2). Subsequently, the procedures in group 1 have been divided according to the protective device utilized (homemade pelvic drape with under‐table curtain, or RADPAD drape, or the STAR System device, or the Rampart shield). The primary endpoint was the operator radiation dose at the thorax. Results. Groups 1 and 2 did not show significant differences in terms of anthropometric data or cardiovascular risk factors. The use of adjunctive anti‐Rx devices was associated with a significant reduction in operator radiation exposure compared to standard radioprotection (12.8 μSv [7–21] and 22.6 μSv [11–36], respectively; p < 0.0001). Globally, the anti‐Rx devices utilized were associated with a reduced operator radiation exposure (11.7 μSv [2–19] for homemade drapes, 13.5 μSv [9–29] for RADPAD drape, 15 μSv [11–30] for STAR Board System, and 8 μSv [5–19] for Rampart; p < 0.0001) with the homemade drapes and the Rampart system showing a lower operator exposure. Conclusions. The use of anti‐Rx devices during percutaneous coronary procedures is associated with a significant lower operator radiation exposure with the greater effect obtained with pelvic drapes and the Rampart system.
Miniaturized High‐Performance Metasurface Antenna Embedded in Cross‐Shaped Strips
Authors: Li Shuangde , Xiong Xuelan , Liu Yuanjian , Jiang Jinhong , Jiang Minyu
Published: July 2024

A miniaturized high‐performance metasurface (MTS) antenna with cross‐shaped strips is designed, which can be applied to wireless communication systems. The resonant frequency of the main mode of the proposed MTS is reduced by embedding a 2 × 2 cross‐shaped strip array in the gaps of the 3 × 3 circular MTS array, resulting in a lower operating frequency and miniaturization. The main mode of the MTS and the probe mode are excited simultaneously by the L‐probe structure, resulting in a dual‐mode resonance for a broadband performance. The entire design mechanism of the antenna is explained analytically through characteristic mode analysis (CMA) method. Additionally, the cross‐polarization levels in H‐plane are effectively suppressed by a metal via positioned at the MTS center. Measured results show a wide impedance bandwidth of 32.6% (reflection coefficient ≤ −10 dB) with an MTS size of 0.44λ0 × 0.39λ0 (where λ0 is the free‐space wavelength of 6.6 GHz). The achieved peak gain is 7.1 dBi, with a 2 dB gain bandwidth of 36% (5.25‐7.55 GHz) and a low cross‐polarization level below ‐20 dB.
Supplementary Video S1 from Software for the Integration of Multiomics Experiments in Bioconductor
Authors: Ramos Marcel , Schiffer Lucas , Re Angela , Azhar Rimsha , Basunia Azfar , Rodriguez Carmen , Chan Tiffany , Chapman Phil , Davis Sean R. , Gomez-Cabrero David , Culhane Aedin C. , Haibe-Kains Benjamin , Hansen Kasper D. , Kodali Hanish , Louis Marie S. , Mer Arvind S. , Riester Markus , Morgan Martin , Carey Vince , Waldron Levi
Published: July 2024

Short demo of basic MultiAssayExperiment functionality.
Supplementary Information from Obesogenic High-Fat Diet and MYC Cooperate to Promote Lactate Accumulation and Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Boufaied Nadia , Chetta Paolo , Hallal Tarek , Cacciatore Stefano , Lalli Daniela , Luthold Carole , Homsy Kevin , Imada Eddie L. , Syamala Sudeepa , Photopoulos Cornelia , Di Matteo Anna , de Polo Anna , Storaci Alessandra Maria , Huang Ying , Giunchi Francesca , Sheridan Patricia A. , Michelotti Gregory , Nguyen Quang-De , Zhao Xin , Liu Yang , Davicioni Elai , Spratt Daniel E. , Sabbioneda Simone , Maga Giovanni , Mucci Lorelei A. , Ghigna Claudia , Marchionni Luigi , Butler Lisa M. , Ellis Leigh , Bordeleau François , Loda Massimo , Vaira Valentina , Labbé David P. , Zadra Giorgia
Published: July 2024

Supplementary references for Materials and Methods
Supplementary Figure S7 from Obesogenic High-Fat Diet and MYC Cooperate to Promote Lactate Accumulation and Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Boufaied Nadia , Chetta Paolo , Hallal Tarek , Cacciatore Stefano , Lalli Daniela , Luthold Carole , Homsy Kevin , Imada Eddie L. , Syamala Sudeepa , Photopoulos Cornelia , Di Matteo Anna , de Polo Anna , Storaci Alessandra Maria , Huang Ying , Giunchi Francesca , Sheridan Patricia A. , Michelotti Gregory , Nguyen Quang-De , Zhao Xin , Liu Yang , Davicioni Elai , Spratt Daniel E. , Sabbioneda Simone , Maga Giovanni , Mucci Lorelei A. , Ghigna Claudia , Marchionni Luigi , Butler Lisa M. , Ellis Leigh , Bordeleau François , Loda Massimo , Vaira Valentina , Labbé David P. , Zadra Giorgia
Published: July 2024

Supplementary Figure S7 shows the output of mouse-based deconvolution models ImmuCC and mMCP.
Supplementary Figure S5 from Obesogenic High-Fat Diet and MYC Cooperate to Promote Lactate Accumulation and Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Boufaied Nadia , Chetta Paolo , Hallal Tarek , Cacciatore Stefano , Lalli Daniela , Luthold Carole , Homsy Kevin , Imada Eddie L. , Syamala Sudeepa , Photopoulos Cornelia , Di Matteo Anna , de Polo Anna , Storaci Alessandra Maria , Huang Ying , Giunchi Francesca , Sheridan Patricia A. , Michelotti Gregory , Nguyen Quang-De , Zhao Xin , Liu Yang , Davicioni Elai , Spratt Daniel E. , Sabbioneda Simone , Maga Giovanni , Mucci Lorelei A. , Ghigna Claudia , Marchionni Luigi , Butler Lisa M. , Ellis Leigh , Bordeleau François , Loda Massimo , Vaira Valentina , Labbé David P. , Zadra Giorgia
Published: July 2024

Supplementary Figure S5 shows the output of ESTIMATE and PUREE methods to assess tumor purity.
Supplementary Video S1 from The ISB Cancer Genomics Cloud: A Flexible Cloud-Based Platform for Cancer Genomics Research
Authors: Reynolds Sheila M. , Miller Michael , Lee Phyliss , Leinonen Kalle , Paquette Suzanne M. , Rodebaugh Zack , Hahn Abigail , Gibbs David L. , Slagel Joseph , Longabaugh William J. , Dhankani Varsha , Reyes Madelyn , Pihl Todd , Backus Mark , Bookman Matthew , Deflaux Nicole , Bingham Jonathan , Pot David , Shmulevich Ilya
Published: July 2024

ISB-CGC tutorial.
Supplementary Video S1 from Explore, Visualize, and Analyze Functional Cancer Proteomic Data Using the Cancer Proteome Atlas
Authors: Li Jun , Akbani Rehan , Zhao Wei , Lu Yiling , Weinstein John N. , Mills Gordon B. , Liang Han
Published: July 2024

Narrated instructional overview video of the proteogenomics informatics resource.
Improving Collection and Analysis of Overall Survival Data
Authors: Rodriguez Lisa R. , Gormley Nicole J. , Lu Ruixiao , Amatya Anup K. , Demetri George D. , Flaherty Keith T. , Mesa Ruben A. , Pazdur Richard , Sekeres Mikkael A. , Shan Minghua , Snapinn Steven , Theoret Marc R. , Umoja Rukiya , Vallejo Jonathon , Warren Nicholas J.H. , Xu Qing , Anderson Kenneth C.
Published: July 2024

Advances in anticancer therapies have provided crucial benefits for millions of patients who are living long and fulfilling lives. Although these successes should be celebrated, there is certainly room to continue improving cancer care. Increased long-term survival presents additional challenges for determining whether new therapies further extend patients’ lives through clinical trials, commonly known as the gold standard endpoint of overall survival (OS). As a result, an increasing reliance is observed on earlier efficacy endpoints, which may or may not correlate with OS, to continue the timely pace of translating innovation into novel therapies available for patients. Even when not powered as an efficacy endpoint, OS remains a critical indication of safety for regulatory decisions and is a key aspect of the FDA’s Project Endpoint. Unfortunately, in the pursuit of earlier endpoints, many registrational clinical trials lack adequate planning, collection, and analysis of OS data, which complicates interpretation of a net clinical benefit or harm. This article shares best practices, proposes novel statistical methodologies, and provides detailed recommendations to improve the rigor of using OS data to inform benefit–risk assessments, including incorporating the following in clinical trials intending to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of cancer therapy: prospective collection of OS data, establishment of fit-for-purpose definitions of OS detriment, and prespecification of analysis plans for using OS data to evaluate for potential harm. These improvements hold promise to help regulators, patients, and providers better understand the benefits and risks of novel therapies.
Update on Genetic Counselor Practice and Recommendations for Pediatric Cancer Predisposition Evaluation and Surveillance
Authors: Zelley Kristin , Schienda Jaclyn , Gallinger Bailey , Kohlmann Wendy K. , McGee Rose B. , Scollon Sarah R. , Schneider Kami Wolfe
Published: July 2024

In July 2023, the American Association for Cancer Research held the second Childhood Cancer Predisposition Workshop, at which international experts in pediatric cancer predisposition met to update the previously published 2017 consensus statements on pediatric cancer predisposition syndromes. Since 2017, advances in tumor and germline genetic testing and increased understanding of cancer predisposition in patients with pediatric cancer have led to significant changes in clinical care. Here, we provide an updated genetic counseling framework for pediatric oncology professionals. The framework includes referral indications and timing, somatic and germline genetic testing options, testing for adult-onset cancer predisposition syndromes in children with and without cancer, evolving genetic counseling models to meet the increased demand for genetic testing, barriers to cancer genetic testing and surveillance in children, and psychosocial and equity considerations regarding cancer genetic testing and surveillance in children. Adaptable genetic counseling services are needed to provide support to pediatric oncology provider teams and diverse patients with pediatric cancer, cancer predisposition, and their families.
Targeting Tumor-Associated Sialic Acids Using Chimeric Switch Receptors Based on Siglec-9 Enhances the Antitumor Efficacy of Engineered T Cells
Authors: Eisenberg Vasyl , Hoogi Shiran , Katzman Erel , Ben Haim Nimrod , Zur-Toledano Raphaelle , Radman Maria , Reboh Yishai , Zadok Oranit , Kamer Iris , Bar Jair , Sagi Irit , Hendel Ayal , Cohen Cyrille J.
Published: July 2024

Cancer exploits different mechanisms to escape T-cell immunosurveillance, including overexpression of checkpoint ligands, secretion of immunosuppressive molecules, and aberrant glycosylation. Herein, we report that IFNγ, a potent immunomodulator secreted in the tumor microenvironment, can induce α2,6 hypersialylation in cancer cell lines derived from various histologies. We focused on Siglec-9, a receptor for sialic acid moieties, and demonstrated that the Siglec-9+ T-cell population displayed reduced effector function. We speculated that Siglec-9 in primary human T cells can act as a checkpoint molecule and demonstrated that knocking out Siglec-9 using a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system enhanced the functionality of primary human T cells. Finally, we aimed to augment cancer-specific T-cell activity by taking advantage of tumor hypersialylation. Thus, we designed several Siglec-9–based chimeric switch receptors (CSR), which included an intracellular moiety derived from costimulatory molecules (CD28/41BB) and different hinge regions. In an antigen-specific context, T cells transduced with Siglec-9 CSRs demonstrated increased cytokine secretions and upregulation of activation markers. Moreover, T cells equipped with specific Siglec-9 CSRs mediated robust antitumor activity in a xenograft model of human tumors. Overall, this work sheds light on tumor evasion mechanisms mediated by sialylated residues and exemplifies an approach to improve engineered T cell–based cancer treatment.

See related Spotlight by Abken, p. 1310
Table S2 from Putrescine Supplementation Limits the Expansion of pks+ Escherichia coli and Tumor Development in the Colon
Authors: Oliero Manon , Cuisiniere Thibault , Ajayi Ayodeji S. , Gerkins Claire , Hajjar Roy , Fragoso Gabriela , Calvé Annie , Vennin Rendos Hervé , Mathieu-Denoncourt Annabelle , Dagbert François , De Broux Éric , Loungnarath Rasmy , Schwenter Frank , Sebajang Herawaty , Ratelle Richard , Wassef Ramses , Richard Carole , Duperthuy Marylise , Gravel Andrée E. , Vincent Antony T. , Santos Manuela M.
Published: July 2024

Table S2 shows primers used
Figure S5 from Putrescine Supplementation Limits the Expansion of pks+ Escherichia coli and Tumor Development in the Colon
Authors: Oliero Manon , Cuisiniere Thibault , Ajayi Ayodeji S. , Gerkins Claire , Hajjar Roy , Fragoso Gabriela , Calvé Annie , Vennin Rendos Hervé , Mathieu-Denoncourt Annabelle , Dagbert François , De Broux Éric , Loungnarath Rasmy , Schwenter Frank , Sebajang Herawaty , Ratelle Richard , Wassef Ramses , Richard Carole , Duperthuy Marylise , Gravel Andrée E. , Vincent Antony T. , Santos Manuela M.
Published: July 2024

Figure S5 shows the effect of putrescine on gut microbiota functions
Figure S4 from Putrescine Supplementation Limits the Expansion of pks+ Escherichia coli and Tumor Development in the Colon
Authors: Oliero Manon , Cuisiniere Thibault , Ajayi Ayodeji S. , Gerkins Claire , Hajjar Roy , Fragoso Gabriela , Calvé Annie , Vennin Rendos Hervé , Mathieu-Denoncourt Annabelle , Dagbert François , De Broux Éric , Loungnarath Rasmy , Schwenter Frank , Sebajang Herawaty , Ratelle Richard , Wassef Ramses , Richard Carole , Duperthuy Marylise , Gravel Andrée E. , Vincent Antony T. , Santos Manuela M.
Published: July 2024

Figure S4 shows gut microbiota changes after DSS-induced flares
Figure 6 from Putrescine Supplementation Limits the Expansion of pks+ Escherichia coli and Tumor Development in the Colon
Authors: Oliero Manon , Cuisiniere Thibault , Ajayi Ayodeji S. , Gerkins Claire , Hajjar Roy , Fragoso Gabriela , Calvé Annie , Vennin Rendos Hervé , Mathieu-Denoncourt Annabelle , Dagbert François , De Broux Éric , Loungnarath Rasmy , Schwenter Frank , Sebajang Herawaty , Ratelle Richard , Wassef Ramses , Richard Carole , Duperthuy Marylise , Gravel Andrée E. , Vincent Antony T. , Santos Manuela M.
Published: July 2024

Putrescine lowers the growth of a pks+ E. coli strain isolated from a patient with colorectal cancer. A, Representative images of methylene blue staining of megalocytosis of HT-29 cells by E. coli moCRC10 at 4 hours postinfection (magnification 200×). EcNC101 ΔclbP and WT were used as pks− and pks+ control strains, respectively. Quantification of megalocytosis of HT-29 cells. (Upper gray dash line is control values; lower red dash line is EcNC101 values; mean ± SEM, ANOVA post hoc Dunnett compared with control; N = 3.) B, Scan of in-cell Western image showing DNA DSBs with merged detection of total DNA (red, 680 nm) and γ-H2AX (green, 800 nm). γ-H2AX fold induction (analysis was done on the single-colored picture; mean ± SEM, ANOVA post hoc Dunnett compared with control; N = 3). C,E. coli moCRC10 was grown in the absence or presence of putrescine (mean ± SEM, repeated-measure t test; N = 5). D, Lcn-2 concentration in fecal samples from healthy controls and patients with colorectal cancer. E, Abundance of Gram-negative lactose-fermenting strains from the Escherichia, Enterobacteria, and Klebsiella genera [t test on log(Y)-transformed data]. F, Scatterplot of the association between Lcn-2 and Enterobacteriaceae; N = 22 healthy individuals/N = 38 patients with colorectal cancer. n.s., nonsignificant; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.
KIT TOOL-S2 for the Portuguese Healthcare Professional: A Psychometric Analysis
Authors: Amaral Catarina , Sequeira Carlos , Albacar-Riobóo Núria , Pinho Lara Guedes , Ferré-Grau Carme
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Literacy of health professionals on patient safety aims to prevent and reduce risks and adverse events in healthcare. Objective: The objective of this study was to translate, adapt, and validate for Portugal of the World Health Organization Questionnaire to Assess the Implementation of the Multiprofessional Guide. Methodology: Following the cultural adaptation process, we carried out a psychometric analysis on a sample of 300 health professionals. The scale was tested for apparent and content validity. Psychometric properties were assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α) through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Results: Exploratory factor analysis led to a tetra factor structure that accounted for 43.0% of the variance and had an overall alpha of 0.759. The hypothesized structure was submitted to confirmatory factor analysis, and the following items were eliminated from factors 1, 2, and 3 and the respective items: 7; 5; and 3, 4, 5, and 6, due to multicollinearity problems. Overall good-of-fit indexes are reliable. Conclusions: The “KIT TOOL-S2 TEXT” scale presents a factor structure with satisfactory validity and reliability results, adequately representing the constructs in question.
Behandlung der eosinophilen Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis: Ist Benralizumab eine Alternative?
Authors: Xanthouli Panagiota
Published: July 2024

Background: Benralizumab is effective in the treatment of eosinophilic asthma and is being investigated for the treatment of other eosinophil-associated diseases. Reports on the use of benralizumab for the treatment of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) are limited to case reports and small case series. Methods: We conducted a multicentre, retrospective study including EGPA patients treated with off-label benralizumab. The primary endpoint was the rate of complete response defined as no disease activity (Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score=0) and a prednisone dose ≤4 mg/day. Partial response was defined as no disease activity and a prednisone dose ≥4 mg/day. Results: Sixty-eight patients were included, including 31 (46%) who had previously received mepolizumab. The use of benralizumab was warranted by uncontrolled asthma in 54 (81%), persistent ear, nose and throat (ENT) manifestations in 27 (40%) and persistent glucocorticoids (GCs) use in 48 (74%) patients. Median (IQR) follow-up after starting benralizumab was 23 (9–34) months. Thirty-three patients (49%) achieved a complete response, 24 (36%) achieved a partial response and 10 (15%) did not respond. Among the 57 patients who initially responded, 10 (18%) eventually required further line treatments. GCs were discontinued in 23 patients (38%). Prior mepolizumab use was associated with a higher rate of primary failure (26.7% vs 5.4%, p=0.034) and less frequent GCs discontinuation (14.8% vs 55.9%, p=0.001). Vasculitis flares occurred in 7 patients (11%) and were associated with histological evidence of vasculitis and/or antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies positivity at benralizumab initiation (p=0.004). Conclusions: Benralizumab appears to be an effective treatment for refractory asthma or ENT manifestations in EGPA and allows GC-sparing. However, its efficacy was lower after prior failure of mepolizumab.
Guidelines How to Integrate Surgery and Targeted Therapy with Biologics for the Treatment of Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Delphi Consensus Statements from an Italian Expert Panel
Authors: Offidani Annamaria , Marzano Angelo Valerio , Peris Ketty , Molinelli Elisa , Bettoli Vincenzo , Magnoni Cristina , Vaienti Luca , Pappagallo Giovanni , Amerio Paolo , Atzori Laura , Balato Anna , Bianchi Luca , Bongiorno Maria Rita , Contedini Federico , Dapavo Paolo , Di Benedetto Giovanni , Dini Valentina , Donini Massimo , Fabbrocini Gabriella , Fania Luca , Foti Caterina , Gatti Alessandro , Guarneri Claudio , Malara Giovanna , Manfredini Marco , Morrone Pietro , Naldi Luigi , Parodi Aurora , Potenza Concetta , Schianchi Sandra , Stingeni Luca , Trovato Emanuele , Vaira Fabrizio , Valenti Mario , Venturini Marina , Chiricozzi Andrea , Prignano Francesca
Published: July 2024

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurrent and painful nodules and abscesses in intertriginous skin areas, which can progress to sinus tract formation, tissue destruction, and scarring. HS is highly debilitating and severely impairs the psychological well-being and quality of life of patients. The therapeutic approach to HS is based on medical therapy and surgery. First-line medical therapy includes topical antibiotics, systemic antibiotics, and biologics. Main surgical procedures include deroofing, local excision, and wide local excision. Despite the availability of multiple therapeutic options, the rates of disease recurrence and progression continue to be high. In recent years, the possibility of combining biologic therapy and surgery has raised considerable interest. In a clinical trial, the perioperative use of adalimumab has been associated with greater response rates and improved inflammatory load and pain, with no increased risk of postoperative infectious complications. However, several practical aspects of combined biologic therapy and surgery are poorly defined. In June 2022, nine Italian HS experts convened to address issues related to the integration of biologic therapy and surgery in clinical practice. To this purpose, the experts identified 10 areas of interest based on published evidence and personal experience: (1) patient profiling (diagnostic criteria, disease severity classification, assessment of response to treatment, patient-reported outcomes, comorbidities); (2) tailoring surgery to HS characteristics; (3) wide local excision; (4) presurgery biologic treatment; (5) concomitant biologic and surgical treatments; (6) pre- and postsurgery management; (7) antibiotic systemic therapy; (8) biologic therapy after radical surgery; (9) management of adverse events to biologics; and (10) management of postoperative infectious complications. Consensus between experts was reached using the Estimate-Talk-Estimate method (Delphi Method). The statements were subsequently presented to a panel of 27 HS experts from across Italy, and their agreement was assessed using the UCLA Appropriateness Method. This article presents and discusses the consensus statements.
Alopecia Areata Is Associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Alcohol Use in a Case-Control Study of 4,785 Patients
Authors: Curtis Kaya L. , Stubblefield Onajia , Lipner Shari R.
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Previous studies have demonstrated association of alopecia areata (AA) with anxiety and depression. However, few case-control studies have evaluated AA association with posttraumatic stress disorder and lifestyle factors, including alcohol use. We aimed to assess associations of AA with psychiatric disorders and lifestyle factors using a national database. Methods: A nested case-control study using the National Institutes of Health All of Us database was conducted analyzing patients ≥18 years with AA diagnosis and controls matched 1:4 by age, sex at birth, and self-reported ethnicity/race. Results: There were 957 AA patients and 3,828 controls included in the final analysis. AA patients versus controls had higher odds of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and alcohol use. AA patients had decreased odds of smoking. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates previously understudied AA associations with posttraumatic stress disorder, obesity, and alcohol use, and corroborates high burden of anxiety and depression among AA patients. We recommend screening AA patients for psychiatric disorders and alcohol use and appropriate referrals to psychiatry.
Persistent Hypoglycemia in Diabetes Type 1 Patient with Medtronic 780 G Insulin Pump: A Case Report
Authors: Verkest Maïté , Logghe Karl , Van Loocke Marlies
Published: July 2024

Introduction: In this article, the importance of holistic care is highlighted trough the case of a 10-year-old female with diabetes type 1 presenting with recurrent severe hypoglycemia. Case Presentation: A 10-year-old female, with type 1 diabetes mellitus for 2 years, was hospitalized because of persistent hypoglycemia. At time of presentation, the patient was getting her insulin through an automated insulin delivery device. She came to the emergency room because of severe hypoglycemia despite adequate administration of glucagon intranasal and oral sugar solutions. The patient was hospitalized to resolve the hypoglycemia and to investigate the cause of the persistent hypoglycemia. Extensive further investigation was performed without result. Conclusion: After several conversations with psychologists, the patient admitted having manipulated the insulin pump resulting in auto-induced persistent and recurrent life-threatening hypoglycemia. Through camera monitoring, the team was able to confirm the manipulation.
Association of Soda Drinks and Fast Food with Allergic Diseases in Korean Adolescents: A Nationwide Representative Study
Authors: Jeong Jinyoung , Jo Hyesu , Son Yejun , Lee Sooji , Lee Kyeongmin , Choi Yujin , Lee Hayeon , Kim Soeun , Jacob Louis , Smith Lee , Lee Jun Hyuk , Rhee Sang Youl , Kim Sunyoung , Kang Jiseung , Hwang Jiyoung , Park Jaeyu , Woo Selin , Yon Dong Keon
Published: July 2024

Introduction: A high consumption of carbonated soft drinks (i.e., soda drinks) and fast food is potentially associated with the observed global rise in adolescent allergic diseases. Thus, our study aimed to examine the potential associations between the consumption of soda drinks and fast food and allergic conditions, identifying specific relationships across subgroups and each allergic condition (asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis). Methods: This study uses large-scale data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (total n = 865,614). Soda drinks and fast food were defined by a self-reported questionnaire and allergic conditions by physician-diagnosed within 1 year. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the weighted odds ratios (ORs), along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), for allergic diseases associated with the intake of soda drinks and fast food. Results: Among 865,614 adolescents in grades 7–12 (male, 51.40%), patients with asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis were 18,568 (2.15%), 153,536 (17.74%), and 59,014 (6.82%), respectively. Current asthma was associated with soda drinks (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03–1.12) and fast food consumption (1.25; 1.17–1.33). Interestingly, stronger associations were observed for female high schoolers, compared to male high schoolers and middle schoolers, in relation to the consumption of soda drinks (1.31; 1.19–1.44) and fast food (1.46; 1.26–1.69) with asthma. Current allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis had no significant association with fast food consumption and soda drinks. Conclusion: This first large-scale study suggests that fast food and soda drinks consumption are potentially associated with current asthma, with stronger associations observed in females than males, underscoring the need for sex-specific allergy prevention programs.