bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Landfill Mining in Latvia
Authors: Dāce Elīna , Bendere Rūta
Published: October 2017

A lot of efforts and scientific research have been done in the field of material and energy recovery from waste, offering source separation and recycling of waste, landfill gas extraction from landfill cells, composting of biodegradable waste etc. Nevertheless, disposal of waste in dumpsites and landfills has been and still is the most widely used waste management method throughout the world, including Latvia. In recent years a concept of a landfill as an endpoint of waste is slowly changing to a concept of landfill as a place for temporary storage of waste. According to Hogland et.al., there are up to 500 000 landfills and dumpsites in Europe, that contain valuable resources which can be recovered and used in production of new products.

Since implementation of the Council Directive of April 26, 1999 on the landfill of waste, more than 500 dumpsites have been closed and 11 new sanitary landfills have started operating in Latvia. Largest part of the dumpsites are remediated, however the rest are still waiting for remediation projects. During the last twenty years practical examples of waste excavation from dumpsites and landfills have been carried out, showing that resource recovery from deposited waste can be a solution, especially in the cases of high land value or scarcity of covering materials. The aim of the paper is to assess the existing status of non-remediated dumpsites to identify the problems and challenges potentially faced for conducting the landfill mining projects in Latvia, as well as to show the existing practice on landfill mining in our country. The results of the paper show that some of the most challenging problems are issues of the ownership of dumpsites, the unknown content of the waste deposited, the lack of appropriate treatment technologies for excavated waste, as well as the lack of legislative acts concerning landfill mining and land use after cleaning of dump site. The case of excavating dumpsite ‘Kekava’ near Riga city is analyzed in the paper.
Environmental Cooperation of Ukraine with Baltic Countries in Waste Management Projects
Authors: Mykhaylenko Valeriy , Hoffmann Michael , Denafas Gintaras , Alekseyevets Ivan , Ludwig Christian , Ogorodnyk Stanislav , Martin Garry
Published: October 2017

Ukraine is one of the largest countries in Europe that has numerous environmental problems due to backward technologies and strong influence of the former totalitarian system. The article seeks to consider the current status of Ukrainian environmental policy and disclosing the idea of “environmental cooperation” with Baltic countries in scope of MSWM. The strategic route of Ukraine towards sustainable society and joining the EU determined the relevance of MSWM as one of the most substantial environmental impacts. Foreign experts note a significant backlog of Ukrainian MSWM compared to EU standards. Engineering studies that are the basis for decision-making authorities are in a very early phase of development. Household landfills are a significant source of greenhouse gases, leading to losses of land and spreading of dangerous compounds to surrounding water flows. The authors are outlining benefits of environmental cooperation to Ukraine and BSR countries at both international and local levels. Examples of donor assistance that Ukraine already obtained from Poland, Lithuania, Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Norway are discussed. Unfortunately, collaboration with Western countries very much depends on the political will of Ukrainian authorities. To the date, Ukraine does not meet a sufficient progress in obtaining the status of an associate EU member in spite of the announced cooperation strategy. In view of this, environmental cooperation at the regional and local level seems to be a key issue for Ukraine on its way towards sustainability and developing principles of democracy and market economy. Strong relations with Baltic countries are creating a good basis for overcoming environmental problems at regional and community level and may form a first pilot model of ecological security.
Adsorption of Orthophosphates in Water by Carbonaceus of Biological Origin as Adsorbent
Authors: Tadeu Gomes Vianna Marco , Marques Marcia
Published: October 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate the adsorption capacity calcareous skeleton of animal species (CSAS) in powder form compared to the commercial activated carbon (CAC) powder, as adsorbent for orthophosphates (P) removal from water. The experimental design selected was a factorial design with central composite rotational design (CCRD). In order to optimize the sorption process, a number of independent variables and levels were selected including: adsorption time; adsorbent/adsorbate ratio; pH and temperature. The orthophosphate (P) quantification was performed using the 4500-P E method. The P removal capacity with CAC powder varied from 0.15 to 4.86 mg/L. The maximum removal occurred at 1088 min, initial pH of 7.5, adsorbent/adsorbate ratio of 130, and temperature of 27 ºC. With the CSAS, the phosphorus removal varied from 0.70 to 6.11 mg/L. The maximum removal occurred at 735 min, with initial pH of 9.0, adsorbent/adsorbate ratio of 40 and temperature of 32 ºC. The conclusion is that the CSAS powder can become an interesting alternative as adsorbent material, both from economic and technical viewpoints in several applications, such as treatment of urban and industrial wastewaters and phosphorus removal/ retention to prevent eutrophication of recipient water bodies. Additionally, the final product (phosphorus-adsorbed CSAS powder) can be used as fertilizer and as soil pH adjustment.
Turning Waste Into a Resource for Remediation of Contaminated Soil in Tropical Developing Countries
Authors: Haller Henrik , Jonsson Anders , Fröling Morgan
Published: October 2017

Contaminated soil from industrial or agricultural activities poses a health threat to animals and humans and can also have a detrimental effect on economic systems by making land unsuitable for agriculture and other economic purposes. This problem is of particular concern in tropical developing countries where agriculture is the economic base. Traditional methods for soil remediation are often expensive and energy consuming. In-situ bioremediation has been proposed as a cheaper alternative to conventional methods in areas where remediation would otherwise not be implemented. Despite encouraging results in the laboratory, the practice of in-situ bioremediation is limited, partially due to its inefficiency at low temperatures. The objective of this study is to provide an inventory of some waste products that potentially can be used as amendments for in-situ bioremediation in developing countries in tropical climate. Emphasis has been given to map efficient methods that are appropriate to economically marginalised people in such countries. Waste from livestock operations, crop residues and processing waste constitute the major waste flows in many developing countries. A number of organic by-products can potentially be used to stimulate microbial activity for bioremediation purposes. Three amendments; whey, pyroligneous acid and compost teas were selected to be studied in detail due to their liquid nature and documented capacity to stimulate microorganisms with capacity to degrade pollutants. Experiments are needed to determine their potential for in-situ bioremediation in developing countries in tropical climate.
Cigs Thin Film Solar Cells Fabricated on The Various Substrates
Authors: Rud Vasiliy , Rud Yury , Terukov Eugene , Arseniev Dmitry , Shaposhnikov Igor , Vasiliev Alexander , Dyuldin Maxim
Published: October 2017

Solar cells which based on silicon or binary III–V semiconductor compounds and their solid solutions successfully fulfilled their role as the first energy sources in outer space in the 1950s–1990s. Concentrator cascade of solar cells formed as heterostructures, based on InGaAsP solid solutions grown on germanium substrates, ensured progress in improving their main parameters, such as power density, the ratio of power/weight, and the solar cells operating time, however, the cost of photoconverters drastically increased as a result of these improvements. Evidently, the observed steady increase in the number of launched artificial satellites and a tightening of requirements for the size, weight, and cost of space technology have stimulated a continuous increase in demand for high efficiency solar cells, which are fabricated by low cost technologies and, at the same time, feature low weight parameters.The results of measuring the first spectra of relative quantum efficiency for photoconversion in thin film ZnO/CdS/Cu(In, Ga)Se2/Mo solar cells (CIGS solar cells) fabricated on rigid (glass) and flexible (polyimide) substrates are reported. The character of interband transitions has been studied and the values of the band gap for direct and indirect transitions in thin Cu(In, Ga)Se2 films are determined. It is found that a shift of the maximal photosensitivity for the obtained solar cells to shorter wavelengths is observed as rigid substrates are replaced by flexible ones. It is concluded that thin film Cu(In, Ga)Se2 structures can be used as broad band photoconverters of solar radiation with low costs. This study was supported by the contract “Research and Development of Deposition System for CIGS Solar Cell” signed by the Ioffe Physical Technical Institute (Russian Academy of Sciences).
International Conference "Ecology. Human. Society"
Authors: Benatov Daniel
Published: October 2017

Our conference is the first project of Student Science Association, which was restored in our University in 1998. The main peculiarity of the conference is the student organizing committee. The conference was attended by representatives of Russia, Belarus, Sweden, Poland, Bulgaria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Czech Republic, Lithuania, Latvia, Georgia, Iran, not mentioning hundreds of Ukrainian participants. We’re happy with the fact that our conference allows students to discover new information, which they wouldn’t find in training courses manuals; contrariwise businesses and organizations can get direct access to young and qualified staff. We believe that events like our conference are useful for the young scientists and also for the public authorities and businesses.

Conference "Ecology. Human. Society "is a part of feedback between universities and market participants. The conference has overgrown limits of being simple educational process element. Today, it is a serious recruiting resource for state institutions and businesses - an important part of a mutually beneficial dialogue.
Driving forces and inhibitors of secondary stock extraction
Authors: Kihl Anders , Aid Graham
Published: October 2017

Even though it’s well known to mankind that our common resources are limited and that recycling is a key for a sustainable future; in reality we see few examples of true recycling where virgin raw material is substituted by waste. There are endless number of examples where waste is utilized to some extent without solving the core issue: reducing the need of extracting virgin raw materials. This article analyses some of the driving forces and inhibitors that explains why it’s so difficult establish secondary stock extraction although technology is available. The authors discuss and suggest possible ways for reducing the some of the main barriers.
Autotrophic ammonia removal from landfill leachate using anaerobic membrane bioreactor
Authors: Suneethi S. , Joseph Kurian
Published: October 2017

Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) is an innovative high cell density system having complete biomass retention, high reactor loading and low sludge production and suitable for developing slow growing autotrophic bacterial cultures such as ANAMMOX. The Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (ANAMMOX) process is an advanced biological nitrogen removal removes ammonia using nitrite as the electron acceptor without oxygen. The NH4+-N in the landfill leachate that is formed due to the release of nitrogen from municipal solid waste (MSW), when discharged untreated, into the surface water can result in eutrophication, aquatic toxicity and emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) to atmosphere. Besides, NH4+-N accumulation in landfills poses long term pollution issue with significant interference during post closure thereby requiring its removal prior to ultimate disposal into inland surface waters. The main objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility and treatment efficiency of treating landfill leachate (to check) for removing NH4+-N by adopting ANAMMOX process in AnMBR. The AnMBR was optimized for Nitrogen Loading Rate (NLR) varying from 0.025 to 5 kg NH4+-N/ m3/ d with hydraulic retention time (HRT) ranging from 1 to 3 d. NH4+-N removal efficacy of 85.13 ± 9.67% with the mean nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of 5.54 ± 0.63 kg NH4+-N/ m3/ d was achieved with nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 6.51 ± 0.20 kg NH4+- N/ m3/ d at 1.5 d HRT. The nitrogen transformation intermediates in the form of hydrazine (N2H4) and hydroxylamine (NH2OH) were 0.008 ± 0.005 mg/L and 0.006 ± 0.001 mg/L, respectively, indicating co-existence of aerobic ammonia oxidizers (AOB) and ANAMMOX. The free ammonia (NH3) and free nitrous acid (HNO2) concentrations were 26.61 ± 16.54 mg/L and (1.66 ± 0.95) x 10-5 mg/L, preventing NO2--N oxidation to NO3--N enabling sustained NH4+- N removal.
The potentional of plants to cleanup metals from an old landfill site
Authors: Jani Yahya , Marchand Charlotte , Hogland William
Published: October 2017

Old landfill sites contain different hazardous materials like heavy metals which have the ability to affects the entire environment. These places are sometimes covered by plants to increase the stability of the soil and to reduce the effects of erosion. 15 soil samples (3 samples from each place) and 5-7 timothy-grass (Phleum pretense) plants from 5 different places were taken from an old landfill place in an active landfill site in Högbytorp /Sweden owned by Ragn-sells Group Company. XRF scanning was used to analyze the metal content of soil samples and of plants. High concentrations of metals were detected in the soil samples like Fe with an average of about 25000 ppm, Mn about 250 ppm and 2800 ppm of Ti. The plants results showed an average concentration of Fe in the shoots about 730 ppm, Mn about 60 ppm and Ti about 1760 ppm. On the other hand, the roots results showed an average concentration of about 10 000 ppm of Fe, about 160 ppm of Mn and 2200 ppm of Ti. These results gave the indication that the Timothy-grass has the ability to extract metals from contaminated soils and can help to cleanup these soils.
Bioremediation of clayey soil contaminated with crude oil: comparison of dynamic and static biopiles in lab-scale
Authors: Lopes Jorge Antonio , Silva Graciane , Marques Marcia , Correa Sérgio Machado
Published: October 2017

Bioremediation of aged and newly clayey soil contaminated with crude oil was investigated in lab-scale using two different strategies (biostimulation-BIOS and bioaugmentation-BIOA), also simulating two different technological options: dynamic biopile (M) and static biopile with forced aeration (B). The inoculum used for bioaugmentation was obtained from the aged contaminated soil. The treatments were performed in triplicates and included one control (original contaminated soil-CONT). The treatments were monitored with soil sampling obtained after 0, 24, 59 and 121 days when the populations of total heterotrophic microorganism (THM), total fungi (TF), and oil-degrading microorganism (ODM) as well as the extracted total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and the 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) prioritized by U.S. EPA were analyzed by gas chromatography. It was observed a trend for reduction of the microbial population density from 0 to 121 days. As expected, the population densities of THM and ODM were much higher in bio-augmented soils in both technologies (BIOA-m and BIOA-b) at day 0. However, after 121 days, the superiority in THM density was observed only in the bioreactor simulating static biopile with forced aeration (BIOA-b). Regarding treatment efficiency, the static biopile with forced aeration performed better in the removal of TPH when associated with bioaugmentation (BIOA-b), being equivalent to the microcosms (simulating dynamic biopile) for the other treatments (CONT and BIOS). For PAH, the superiority of the bioreactor was less conspicuous but observed in both bioremediation strategies (biostimulation BIOS-b and bioaugmentation BIOA-b). The results suggested that regarding TPH, the strategy of bioaugmentation was superior to biostimulation and that the bioreactor (simulating static biopile with forced aeration) reached better contaminant reductions than the microcosm (simulating dynamic biopile). Clayey soil contaminated with crude oil poses big challenges for the bioremediation, due to the texture of the soil favouring adsorption of organic contaminants and due to the complex crude oil composition. The bioprocesses are slow, cleavage of larger molecules are likely to generate smaller hydrocarbons and therefore the elimination of the toxicity is very slow, which may require longer periods and auxiliary tools, such as surfactants.
Comparative study techniques for TPH and PAH extraction from clayey and sandy soils for chromatography analyses
Authors: Guimarães Sanye Soroldoni , Lopes Jorge Antonio , Silva Graciane , Marques Marcia
Published: October 2017

The objective of this study was to compare three extraction procedures: soxhlet (SOX), microwaves (MARS) and accelerate extraction with solvent (ASE) regarding the extraction efficiency of different fractions of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from sandy and clayey soil with aged contamination analyzed by gas chromatography. Besides the extraction efficiency, water, solvent and time consumption were considered. Regarding clayey soil, for the extraction of different fractions of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), ASE resulted in better recovery of n-alkanes and hydrocarbons resolved fraction (HRF). SOX and MARS performed better for the heaviest fraction (non-resolved complex mixture-NRCM). Regarding sandy soil, ASE performed better during extraction of all TPH fractions. In the case of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), extraction with ASE showed the best result in both clayey and sandy soils. When other variables were taken into account (water, solvent and time consumption), MARS is the most economical method, particularly when TPH is the group of interest and n-alkanes is relatively less important in the analysis. Therefore, in aged contaminations, soil texture and the petroleum fraction of interest in the first place and availability of resources such as water, solvent and time in the second place must be considered before deciding what is the most appropriate extraction method.
Case study : advanced integrated in situ technologies outperform traditional remediation techniques
Authors: Forsberg Kristin
Published: October 2017

RGS 90 has been commissioned by the Swedish Armed Forces to remediate a large fuel storage facility servicing the military. The facility housed a variety of petroleum products for over 40 years and several documented release incidents resulted in the contamination of a 50,000 m2 area. The largest known event occurred in 1958, where an explosion caused the release of 14,000 m3 of various petroleum products. During the clean-up, only 8,000 m3 of the product was recovered while an estimated 6,000 m3 reached the surrounding environment. The client initially proposed a remedial strategy consisting of biosparging and in-situ chemical oxidation using hydrogen peroxide; however, RGS 90 found these methods to be unsuitable for this site due to the geology of the area, which consists of impermeable and heterogeneous dense, rocky moraine. There are also safety risks and environmental hazards associated with the use of hydrogen peroxide. RGS 90 suggested an alternative method which was accepted by the Swedish Armed Forces and a pilot test was carried out in 2012. The results from the pilot tests confirmed that the use of ORC-Advanced and RegenOx would successfully remediate the extensive TPH contamination at the site. The data gathered from this pilot test allowed RGS 90 to refine and optimize the proposed full-scale treatment of the wider plume. The full scale remediation process started in December 2013 in area C and D. Sampling 6 month after injection shows that the target values have been achieved in almost all sampling points. During summer and autumn 2014, RGS 90 are planning for the full scale remediation process of the remaining areas, (B1-B3). The plan is to inject RegenOx and ORC-Advanced into the ground and groundwater and use multiphase extraction in the areas, where free phase product has been observed during the initial groundwater sampling.
Ecotechnics/ecotechnology in Östersund: 30 years of entrepreneurship focused education
Authors: Grönlund Erik , Englund Andreas , Barthelson Mats , Fröling Morgan
Published: October 2017

1983 was the starting year for an interdisciplinary and sustainability oriented education program at the former university college in Östersund, located in the Mid Sweden mountain region. In this paper – 30 years later - the different phases that the educational program has passed over the years is examined with an entrepreneurial focus. In 1983 the “slogan” for the education was: “Ecology, economy and technology in cooperation for sustainable development”. One of the main ideas was to have a problem solving and entrepreneurial focus in the education. The goal was that the students should be prepared to start their own businesses after graduating, based on ideas they had developed during the education. The first years the program was two years in length, partly based on the idea to not “wear out” eager entrepreneurs with too many study years. Later a third year was added, to fulfill the bachelor’s level. In the late 1990’s the education had become part of Mid Sweden University, which during that period were struggling for full University status. This put pressure towards “academization” of the education program, which had its benefits but also its problems from the entrepreneurship angle. During the first decade after the millennia shift the education took a more international focus attracting students from many countries all over the world. A Master’s level was also added to the program and the first graduate students received their Ph.D. during this period. The latest development is to split the Bachelor’s program into three “sister” programs: the Ecoengineers with a more traditional engineer focus (but still interdisciplinary), the Ecoentrepreneurs with less chemistry and math, but more social entrepreneur and green procurement courses, and the Ecotechnology students standing in between as the most interdisciplinary students.
Removal of orthophosphates in water by modified carbonate material of biological origin
Authors: Vianna Marco Tadeu Gomes , Marques Marcia
Published: October 2017

The excessive release of phosphorus (P) by discharge of domestic and industrial effluents is directly associated with the eutrophication of water bodies. Therefore, an efficient removal of P from effluents is required. The method most commonly used for P removal from wastewater is chemical precipitation. However, this technique is relatively expensive and demands a proper disposal for the sludge. Therefore, the development of new materials with low cost but high P removal efficiency has been investigated. The introduction of exotic species in aquatic environments is considered a serious environmental problem in different parts of the world. Considering that, many of these species have high concentrations of carbonates in their exoskeleton composition, which is potentially useful in water treatment, particularly for P removal the use of such material as adsorbent has been tested. The present study aimed to investigate the capacity of the exoskeleton of exotic species in powder form to remove orthophosphates from water comparing the raw material (RCS), with physically modified (CSA) and chemically modified (CSC) material. To study the orthophosphates removal efficiency, a factorial design with central composite rotational design (CCRD) was applied. In order to optimize the P removal, the influence of the independent variables adsorbent/adsorbate ratio, pH and temperature was investigated with the kinetic control associate at each configuration obtained by CCRD. The P removal capacity of RCS varied from 125.0 mgP kg-1 to 1002.5 mgP kg-1; the removal capacity of CSA varied from 237.5 mgP kg-1 to 1540.0 mgP kg-1. The removal capacity of CSC varied from 5212.5 mgP kg-1 to 12672.5 mgP kg-1. Based on the preliminary results, the exoskeleton powder showed to be a potentially sustainable alternative as adsorbent material (mostly the chemically modified form CSC) useful in several applications, such as the treatment of urban and industrial wastewaters to prevent eutrophication of water bodies and population control of exotic species due to the commercial exploitation.
Focus on kineticcs of removal antibiotics wastewater by nano-zero valent iron in oxidation and photoxidation process
Authors: Hassanzadeh Parisa , Ganjidoust Hossein , Ayati Bita , Hogland William
Published: October 2017

Pharmaceutical wastewater can be difficult to treat with conventional physical/chemical and biological treatment systems. The presence of antibiotics in sewage selects for resistance markers that are able to spread through the microbial community and as a result, antibiotic resistant bacteria can potentially disseminate their resistance genes widely among members of the endogenous microbial community. The sludge products of urban and rural wastewater treatment plants are increasingly used to fertilize agricultural crops, dispersing unknown amounts of resistance genes and antibiotics that withstand standard sewage treatment. Pharmaceutical wastewater effluents are well known for their difficult elimination by traditional biotreatment methods and their important contribution to environmental pollution due to its fluctuating and recalcitrant nature. OTC is one of the nonbiodegradable antibiotics that makes antibiotic-resistant, so it can make be high risk for environment. NZVI can be a good choice for removal of OTC in aqueous solution. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the amounts of NZVI and OTC to be used at pH 3 and under 200 W, UV-A irradiation. The responses were removal percent of absorption at 290 and 348 nm, TOC and COD of OTC. In the optimum condition, Linear model was performed 155 ppm of OTC were removed by 1000 ppm NZVI after 6.5 hours and the removal efficiency of absorption at 290 and 348 nm, TOC and COD were 87, 95, 85 and 89 percent, respectively. In the similar process, there is no organic compound after 14 hours. The parameters ORP, DO and pH were investigated for 6:30 hours to study the type of NZVI reaction in process. In the beginning of reaction, oxidation was the dominant reaction after 3 hours, photo catalytic reaction was remarkable. The mechanism of OTC degradation is proposed by HPLC/ESI-MS and four by products were found. Also the rate constants (first order kinetic chain reaction model) were 0.0099, 0.0021, 0.0010, 0.0049 and 0.0074 min-1, respectively.
Liability Assessments and Criminal Responsibility in Norwegian Legal History
Authors: Bernssen Siri Elisabeth
Published: October 2017

The general content of the assessment of intent was explicitly clarified for the first time in a Norwegian criminal code when the 2005 Criminal Code and its §22 came into force on 1 October 2015. Until the Criminal Code of 1902, the subjective requirement for liability was regulated solely in individual regulations, and even though intent pursuant to §40 in this Code was established as a general main rule, it was still up to the courts to report on the content of the judgement. Thus it is clear that development towards a more and more defined and nuanced study of criminal liability took place gradually. This article goes even further back in time and looks at how the discussion of liability and responsibility changed between 1642 and 1799, with particular emphasis on intent and related criteria. This will be achieved by analysing 32 cases of infanticide registered with the Hordaland district court (bygdeting), which at this time was the first instance in the legal system.
Should We Compare Laws or Cultures?
Authors: Jung Heike
Published: October 2017

Law and culture are inextricably linked. Hence, a meaningful comparison of laws will have to take into account the cultural background and the context. The relevance of the ‘culture-factor’ in comparison depends on the nature and the scope of the project. This culture-oriented approach sensitizes for the relativity of legal systems which, in turn, calls for a prudent assessment of the common ground. It should also foster (more) interdisciplinary cooperation.
A OPACIDADE DO ILUMINISMO: O RACISMO NA FILOSOFIA MODERNA
Authors: Andrade Érico
Published: October 2017

RESUMO O objetivo central do presente artigo é entender as razões filosóficas para o discurso racista no iluminismo. A minha hipótese é de que a filosofia colocou no mesmo patamar de certeza as verdades científicas sobre os objetos naturais e o conhecimento dos diferentes povos. Com isso, ela se autorizou a traçar um horizonte impessoal e objetivo para o qual todos os povos deveriam caminhar no intuito de garantirem a maioridade da razão. Quando determinou o modelo europeu como esse horizonte, a filosofia moderna lançou bases para o etnocentrismo e para uma de suas consequências possíveis: o discurso racista. Acredito que com este texto é possível tirar da sombra o tema do racismo na filosofia.
Em busca de novas explicações sobre a relação entre educação e desigualdade: o caso da Universidade Tecnológica de Nezahualcóyotl
Authors: Flores-Crespo Pedro
Published: October 2017

RESUMO Ao explicar a relação entre a desigualdade e a educação sob as perspectivas funcionalistas, corre-se o risco de deixar de debater a forma como os indivíduos atuam no interior das estruturas sociais. Esse a1rtigo, portanto, se propõe a utilizar a perspectiva das capacidades humanas de Amartya Sen para explicar a relação entre desigualdade e educação superior no México. Para este estudo, foi escolhida a Universidade Tecnológica de Nezahualcóyotl (UTN), cujos egressos adquirem um tipo de capacidade (ou liberdade) que lhes permita recriar continuamente, até certo ponto, as formações sociais em que se inserem e atuam. Essa ação constitui um primeiro passo para a redução da desigualdade. No entanto, à medida que os jovens intervêm em seu mundo e traçam suas próprias rotas de desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional com o propósito de alcançar maior bem-estar, as oportunidades sociais e econômicas se restringem. Tal fato traz como consequência a divisão de um grupo de profissionais com aspirações similares, mas com níveis econômicos diversos, surgindo, assim, um novo tipo de desigualdade. Os estudantes, com um nível de renda mais alto, cumprem com maior facilidade suas aspirações quando comparados aos jovens que enfrentam limitações econômicas. Ainda que a UTN contribua de maneira substancial para a redução da desigualdade de capacidades, é necessário prestar atenção ao âmbito institucional, político e econômico que rodeia esta universidade para ampliar o entendimento da desigualdade dentro do campo educativo.
Commercialization channels of organic products in Brazil: analysis at the first level of the production chain
Authors: Scalco Andréa Rossi , Pigatto Giuliana Aparecida Santini , Souza Roberta
Published: October 2017

Abstract Specialized literature on organic production highlights the presence and concentration of retail, especially supermarkets, in the organic enhancement chain. This presents enormous obstacles for the entrance of small farmers in the production of organic products due to administrative barriers, in addition to pressure for lower prices by the supermarket retail network. This paper investigates the commercialization channels of organic production in Brazil. The survey was undertaken in 2013; questionnaires were sent to 900 out of approximately 11.200 farmers producing organic products; 216 answers were received. Analysis showed that approximately 90% of farmers provided for the internal market and 60% of the products were fresh fruits and vegetables. The distribution of organic products in Brazil is highly fragmented at the local, regional and national levels. The presence of supermarkets and intermediaries in the commercialization of fruits and vegetables is relevant, regardless of the size of the farm. There is a great dispersion of channels in the case of small farmers, although supermarkets rank second. However, direct commercialization (farmers markets) is the main form of commercialization of the produce. Commercialization triggered by social programs has guaranteed a considerable part of the income on small production units or small farms. It seems that high involvement of retail networks and agents in the agribusiness segment causes low development rates in small agricultural units and in local development due to the latter’s low profit margins.
Destruição de escalas de mensuração por meio da análise fatorial exploratória nas pesquisas da área de produção e operações
Authors: Bido Diogenes Souza , Mantovani Daielly Melina Nassif , Cohen Eric David
Published: October 2017

Resumo O presente artigo teve como objetivo avaliar o uso da análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) nas pesquisas da área de Produção e Operações, discutindo a adequação de sua utilização. Foram analisados 97 artigos (61 internacionais e 36 nacionais), totalizando 140 aplicações da análise fatorial (AF), no período de 2010 a 2015. Verificou-se que, nos artigos internacionais, predomina o uso de técnicas confirmatórias e a aplicação da AFE para se avaliar o common method bias, ao passo que, nos artigos nacionais, a técnica foi utilizada com funções mais tradicionais, como, por exemplo, a avaliação da unidimensionalidade ou ainda a geração escores, para uso em outras técnicas. Apesar de os livros didáticos para o ensino de AFE focarem, exclusivamente, no uso da AFE de modo exploratório (identificar a quantidade e o significado dos fatores comuns), este uso tem sido o menos frequente nos artigos publicados, tanto nacionais como internacionais. Apurou-se, ainda, que, em quatro artigos nacionais, houve “destruição de teoria” ao se usar AFE, quando deveria ter sido utilizada a AF confirmatória. Estes resultados indicam que as pesquisas nacionais têm feito uso questionável da técnica, o que sugere a necessidade de discussão desse tema entre os acadêmicos, de forma a se difundirem as boas práticas.
Borges contra Borges: más traduções de “O Aleph”
Authors: González Echevarría Roberto
Published: October 2017

Resumo Borges parece haver argumentado que as traduções são frequentemente melhores do que os originais, mas ele próprio fez um grande esforço (por exemplo, aprender alemão, em sua juventude, para ler Kafka) para acessar a literatura em suas línguas originais. Em sua maturidade, fez um grande esforço para aprender o idioma nórdico das sagas para lê-las diretamente. Sua saída foi acatada de maneira literal demais pela crítica e, pior, por seus próprios tradutores, que foram descuidados na tradução de seus relatos, mostrando uma liberdade que compromete seus próprios textos. Este ensaio examina três traduções de “O Aleph”, ao inglês, francês e italiano, para demonstrar como Borges foi mal traduzido de maneira que afeta a correta leitura de seus textos. As equivocadas traduções são de uma palavra-chave para referir-se a um baú que o protagonista encontra em um porão, e que é uma espécie de representação correlativa do Aleph. A partir desses equívocos de tradução, o ensaio propõe uma interpretação do relato.
Escúchame con tu cuerpo entero: antiocularcentrismo, crisis de la palabra y sinestesia en Clarice Lispector
Authors: Pontes Renata
Published: October 2017

Resumen Este análisis aborda dos textos fundamentales de Clarice Lispector, Água viva (1973) y “Amor” - segundo cuento de Laços de família (1960)- evitando las reiteradas clasificaciones intimista e metalingüística de la obra de la escritora y sugiriendo una apertura a la contradicción, latencia e inconclusión como procedimiento de escritura y de interpretación. En lugar de una lectura categórica desde un género específico, es propuesta, en correspondencia con las indicaciones de la autora en ambos escritos, una aproximación teórica al sistema de observación de Heinz von Foerster, al antiocularcentrismo analizado por Martin Jay y la noción de crisis de la palabra en Michel Foucault. Como alternativa de lectura la narración, la experimentación y la sinestesia son indicadas como aproximaciones posibles a ambos textos. Finalmente, la relación entre literatura y vida en la escritura de Lispector es destacada y se observa como los problemas de lenguaje apuntan a posiciones políticas que transforman radicalmente el acto de lectura y anticipan las posibles consecuencias, más allá del texto literario.
Proust no caminho do mal: o desvio da escrita
Authors: Souza Francisco Renato de
Published: October 2017

Resumo Este artigo analisa, a partir da leitura do livro A literatura e o mal, do filósofo Georges Bataille, a ideia do Mal presente na obra Em busca do tempo perdido, do escritor Marcel Proust, tomando como base a relação (in)satisfeita do narrador com sua amada Albertine e a noção de desvio estabelecida pelo narrador proustiano em relação à homossexualidade de determinados personagens. Da (in)satisfação e do desvio sexual, a obra proustiana se aproxima do Mal bataillano ao conferir a esses temas a base de sua estrutura narrativa e, pelo movimento discursivo, se afastar cada vez mais do espaço do Bem, que viria a ser o espaço da satisfação, da conduta padrão, da objetividade. A Busca se configura como o espaço do erro, da ambiguidade, do desvio - espaço do Mal.
An educational intervention impact on the quality of nursing records
Authors: Linch Graciele Fernanda da Costa , Lima Ana Amélia Antunes , Souza Emiliane Nogueira de , Nauderer Tais Maria , Paz Adriana Aparecida , da Costa Cíntia
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on the quality of nursing records. Method: quasi-experimental study with before-and-after design conducted in a hospital. All the nurses in the cardiac intensive care unit of the hospital received the intervention, which consisted of weekly meetings during five months. To collect data, the instrument Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions and Outcomes was applied to the patients’ charts in two moments: baseline and after intervention. Results: the educational intervention had an impact on the quality of the records, since most of the items presented a significant increase in their mean values after the intervention, despite the low values in the two moments. Conclusion: the educational intervention proved to be effective at improving the quality of nursing records and a lack of quality was identified in the evaluated records, revealed by the low mean values and by the weakness of some questions presented in the items, which did not present a significant increase. Therefore, educational actions focused on real clinical cases may have positive implications for nursing practice.
Self-care competence in the administration of insulin in older people aged 70 or over
Authors: Vianna Mayara Sousa , Silva Patrícia Aparecida Barbosa , Nascimento Cíntia Vieira do , Soares Sônia Maria
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the self-care competence in the administration of insulin performed by older people aged 70 or over. Method: cross-sectional study carried out with 148 older people aged 70 or over, who performed self-administration of insulin. Data collection was carried out using a structured questionnaire and an adapted guide for the application of the Scale to Identify Self-Care Competence of Patients with Diabetes, at the participants’ home. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistical tests, with forward logistic regression. Results: the prevalence of self-care competence in the administration of insulin was 35.1%. Handwashing error was the most frequent in self-administration of insulin. Self-care competence was negatively associated with retirees and positively associated with senior patients who performed capillary blood glucose monitoring and skin pinching during insulin application. Conclusion: there was low self-care competence and it was associated with both the sociodemographic and the clinical characteristics with regard to self-application of insulin by the older people.
Oviposition of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and its relation with the pericarp of citrus fruits
Authors: Dias N. P. , Nava D. E. , Garcia M. S. , Silva F. F. , Valgas R. A.
Published: October 2017

Abstract Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) represent a threat to fruit growing worldwide, mainly the citrus culture, however, biological studies show that fruit flies are not perfectly adapted to this host. This study investigated oviposition of Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) and its relation with the pericarp of citrus fruits. We evaluated the relationship between depth of oviposition of A. fraterculus and C. capitata and epicarp thickness of orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck)] ‘Navelina’ and tangerine [C. reticulata (L.)] ‘Clemenules’ and the influence of fruit mesocarp of tangerine ‘Clemenules’ on oviposition of these species. The study was conducted under controlled conditions of temperature (25 ± 2 °C), relative humidity (70 ± 10% RH) and photophase (12 h). A. fraterculus and C. capitata laid their eggs in the flavedo region of orange ‘Navelina’ and between the albedo and flavedo of tangerine ‘Clemenules’. When fruits with mesocarp exposed were offered, there was no oviposition by both fruit fly species. The results show that epicarp thickness of citrus fruits did not influence oviposition of A. fraterculus and C. capitata as oviposition did not occur only in the presence of the mesocarp, suggesting that other factors are involved in oviposition of these species.
Effects of an accidental dry-season fire on the reproductive phenology of two Neotropical savanna shrubs
Authors: Dodonov P. , Zanelli C. B. , Silva-Matos D. M.
Published: October 2017

Abstract Fire is a recurrent disturbance in savanna vegetation and savanna species are adapted to it. Even so, fire may affect various aspects of plant ecology, including phenology. We studied the effects of a spatially heterogeneous fire on the reproductive phenology of two dominant woody plant species, Miconia albicans (Melastomataceae) and Schefflera vinosa (Araliaceae), in a savanna area in South-eastern Brazil. The study site was partially burnt by a dry-season accidental fire in August 2006, and we monitored the phenolology of 30 burnt and 30 unburnt individuals of each species between September 2007 and September 2008. We used restricted randomizations to assess phenological differences between the burnt and unburnt individuals. Fire had negative effects on the phenology of M. albicans, with a smaller production of reproductive structures in general and of floral buds, total fruits, and ripe fruits in burnt plants. All unburnt but only 16% of the burnt M. albicans plants produced ripe fruits during the study. Fire effects on S. vinosa were smaller, but there was a greater production of floral buds and fruits (but not ripe fruits) by burnt plants; approximately 90% of the individuals of S. vinosa produced ripe fruits during the study, regardless of having been burnt or not. The differences between the two species may be related to S. vinosa’s faster growth and absence from the seed bank at the study site, whereas M. albicans grows more slowly and is dominant in the seed bank.
PROPOSAL FOR AN ERGONOMIC CONFORMITY INDEX FOR EVALUATION OF HARVESTERS AND FORWARDERS
Authors: Marzano Felipe Leitão da Cunha , Souza Amaury Paulo de , Minette Luciano José
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT Context: In mechanized forestry work, the ergonomic conditions of the workplace affects operator's health, performance and productivity. Originality: A comparison of different forest machines becomes complex in case where it is required analysis of several ergonomic factors simultaneously. There are several methods of ergonomic analysis however, a more complete methodology that considers several ergonomic factors and produces an index that represent the ergonomic condition of the machine is needed. Objective: Propose a methodology to determining an Ergonomic Conformity Index to evaluate Harvesters and Forwarders of different brands. Methodology: The ECI was determined initially basing in four relevant ergonomic factors: noise, vibration, thermal environment and air quality. These factors were evaluated utilizing four Harvesters and two Forwarders in eucalyptus timber harvesting operations. For each factor, a score was given according to its compliance with the established parameters. The ECI was obtained from an average of the scores given to each factor. The index ranges from zero to one, so that lower values indicate worse ergonomic conditions. Results: All the analyzed machines had continuous noise between 75.0 and 82.6 dB (A) and whole-body vibration between 0.27 and 0.70 m s-2. HV1 and HV2 presented thermal environment in accordance with the established criteria, other machines showed deficiencies in this regard. All the machines presented non-conformities in the air quality, except HV2. The ECI of Harvesters HV1, HV2, HV3 and HV4, were 0.83; 0.88; 0.71; 0.63. The ECI of Forwarders FW1 and FW2 were 0.58 and 0.79. Conclusion: The determination of the ECI allowed an evaluation and comparison between analyzed forest machines. The machine with the higher ECI had only one non-conformity, and it was related to noise inside the cab. The machine that got the lower ECI presented non-conformities for all the factors.
O gênero Nitzschia (Bacillariaceae) em ambientes lacustres na Planície Costeira do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Bes Daniela , Torgan Lezilda Carvalho
Published: October 2017

Resumo O estudo taxonômico sobre o gênero Nitzschia Hassall, nas áreas da Lagoa do Casamento e do Butiazal de Tapes, localizados entre 30º40'-30º10'S e 50°30'-51º30'W, baseou-se em amostras de plâncton e metafíton, coletadas em 21 estações abrangendo diferentes ambientes (lagoas interligadas, lagoas isoladas, banhados e açude) no outono e primavera de 2003. Foram encontrados 35 táxons específicos e infra-específicos, destacando-se 11 novas ocorrências para o Estado e cinco para a Planície Costeira do Rio Grande do Sul. Quanto ao hábito, 91% dos táxons ocorreram no plâncton e metafíton e 9% restringiram-se ao metafíton. A área da Lagoa do Casamento apresentou maior riqueza (35 táxons) em relação à área do Butiazal de Tapes (13 táxons), provavelmente pela presença de ambientes em conexão com a laguna dos Patos, a qual detém uma flora rica de Nitzschia, associado às condições de alta condutividade e pH da água. São apresentadas descrições, ilustrações e comentários sobre as variações morfológicas e/ou métricas dos táxons.
Delimitation of the Alcantarea extensa complex (Bromeliaceae) and a new species from Espírito Santo, Brazil
Authors: Versieux Leonardo M. , Wanderley Maria das Graças Lapa
Published: October 2017

Abstract The species complex related to Alcantarea extensa is presented and delimited as: A. extensa, A. vinicolor, A. burle-marxii, A. turgida, A. distractila, A. lurida, A. simplicisticha, A. nigripetala, A. mucilaginosa, and A. trepida. Alcantarea trepida, known from Espírito Santo state, southeastern Brazil, is described as new, and illustrated. It is compared to A. extensa , A. simplicisticha, and A. vinicolor from which it differs by the robust, erect, compound inflorescence with more numerous flowers and by the straight and thicker rachilla.