bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection and identification of microplastics directly in water by hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Gebejes Ana , Kaynathare Boniphace , Hrovat Blaž , Semenov Dmitri , Itkonen Tommi , Keinänen Markku , Koistinen Arto , Peiponen Kai-Erik , Roussey Matthieu
Published: October 2023

We use hyperspectral imaging to identify the plastic types constituting mixtures of microplastics directly in water. For the current study we used known microplastics made by milling original pristine plastic sheets and mixed them in water. Using database information and spectral information measured on those pristine plastic we created a decision table enabling the identification. This technique is used under these conditions paving a way towards on-field and in-line measurements.
Exploration and Modelling of Atmospheric Turbulences Effects for Downlink Scenario of Free Space Optics Communications
Authors: Al-Juboori Haider
Published: October 2023

Scintillation, beam wandering, and phase front distortion are the principal impacts of atmospheric turbulence on laser beam propagation. The aperture averaging concept might be used to minimize the effect for the first two, but the third, which is important for high-speed free-space communications, is significantly more challenging. More than ten years ago, the institute of communications and navigation (IKN) of the german aerospace centre (DLR) conducted optical downlink experiments with JAXA’s OICETS/Kirari-Japan to study the optical LEO downlink channel and assess the viability of this transmission technology for upcoming applications. The present work will study and give a comparable insight into simulation and experimental results showing a significant relationship elevation dependency for parameters linked to index-of-refraction turbulence.
Erbium-doped fiber ring cavity assisted by an FBG and PS-FBG reflector for refractive-index measurements - INVITED
Authors: Perez-Herrera Rosa Ana , Diaz Hector , Soares Liliana , Novais Susana , Lopez-Amo Manuel , Silva Susana , Frazão Orlando
Published: October 2023

This work presents an interrogator system based on an erbium-doped fiber ring cavity for refractive-index measurements. This fiber ring cavity is assisted by a fiber Bragg grating and a phase-shift fiber Bragg grating, both with a similar central emission wavelength to increase the output power levels.
Phase Modulated Frequency Shifted Digital Holographic Vibrometry with Enhanced Robustness
Authors: Dötzer Florian , Hommel Markus , Drese Klaus Stefan , Sinzinger Stefan
Published: October 2023

We report experimental results of a frequency shifted digital holography setup for spatially resolved vibrometry. A spatially homogeneous artificial phase modulation is used as a reference to correct for speckle noise. Furthermore, when superimposed upon the object vibration with slightly different frequency, the resulting beat can be evaluated. The beat frequency is invariant under relative motion between the object and interferometer, providing robustness in presence of parasitic low-frequency vibrations. In addition, the ’working point’ is raised out of the noise floor, providing the opportunity to enhance the sensitivity at small vibration displacements. The method is demonstrated by measurements on a vibrating clarinet reed.
Analysis of a vertically aligned liquid-crystal on silicon microdisplay for photonics applications
Authors: Nájar Guillem , Bernabeu Andrés P. , Sánchez-Montes Adriana R. , Martínez-Guardiola Francisco J. , Calzado Eva M. , Pascual Inmaculada , Puerto Daniel , Márquez Andrés
Published: October 2023

We present the characterization results for an analogically addressed vertically aligned liquid crystal on silicon microdisplay (VA-LCoS). We show that it covers more than 360º phase modulation range at 1550 nm, and that in the visible the range available enables the generation of multiorder DOEs. There are basically no studies dealing with the characterization of vertically aligned high resolution LCoS devices, since the ones typically found in the literature and commercially available correspond to the parallel aligned. We have also verified that the microdisplay used in this work is free from flicker, which is a very interesting feature for application where the phase stability is of the utmost importance. The results shown here represent a first step in the work underway oriented to the generation of programmable DOEs for telecommunication applications (C-band) and for the visible spectrum.
Optical Fiber Surface Plasmon Resonance for Glucose Detection
Authors: Cunha Cristina , Silva Susana , Coelho Luís C. C. , Frazão Orlando , Novais Susana
Published: October 2023

This work proposes a sensor that utilizes a transmission scheme for measuring glucose aqueous solutions based on surface plasmon resonance. A comparison between the performance of two sensors with similar lengths and different diameters is performed. The first sensor comprises a multimode optical fiber with a diameter of 400 µm and a 10 mm middle section of the cladding removed. The second sensor is similar, except that the fiber has a diameter of 600 µm. The sensors were evaluated for their performance in measuring glucose concentrations ranging from 0.0001 to 0.5000 g/mL. The 400 µm sensor demonstrated high sensitivity however, the sensor with a diameter of 600 µm attained a slightly higher maximum sensitivity of 322.0 nm/(g/mL).
EO solution to overcome the transient regime of a “cavity dumped” UV source, or how to work in chopped mode outside the transient regime?
Authors: Petitjean Alban , Musset Olivier
Published: October 2023

The "cavity dumped" laser architecture is a very efficient solution for having a high-efficiency pulsed laser source with a shorter pulse duration than a classic Q-Switch laser architecture. This solution makes it possible to obtain laser beams of almost constant pulse duration independently of the repetition rate and the pumping rate and to obtain very good conversion efficiency at 2w and 3w. Unfortunately, this architecture suffers from a handicap with a duration of the transient regime that can exceed ten milliseconds. The very long duration of this transient state makes this architecture incompatible with inherently transient applications such as marking or laser micro-machining. We propose here an electro-optical solution to decorrelate the transient state specific to the CD architecture and that of introduced by the application.
Parallel illumination for depletion microscopy through acousto-optic spatial light modulation
Authors: Klingmann Fabian , Montes-Usategui Mario , Martín-Badosa Estela , Tiana-Alsina Jordi
Published: October 2023

Several types of super-resolution microscopy, such as Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED), Reversible Saturable Optical Fluorescence Transitions (RESOLFT) or Switching Laser Mode (SLAM) microscopies, employ Laguerre-Gaussian beams (also called vortex or doughnut beams) to obtain fluorescence information within a sub-wavelength region of the specimen under observation, thus breaking the diffraction limit and producing images of greatly improved quality. However, in general, these techniques operate on a point-by-point basis, so we need to raster scan the sample in order to build a full, meaningful image, which takes time. Parallelization of the illumination is the only way to make these microscopies more suitable for live cell imaging applications. Here, we demonstrate the parallel production of arbitrary arrays of Gaussian and Laguerre-Gaussian lasers foci suitable for super-resolution microscopy, together with the possibility to fast scan through the sample, by means of acousto-optic spatial light modulation, a technique that we have pioneered in the past in several other fields.
Analysing interaction and localization dynamics in modulation instability via data-driven dominant balance
Authors: Ermolaev Andrei V. , Mabed Mehdi , Finot Christophe , Genty Goëry , Dudley John M.
Published: October 2023

We report the first application of the Machine Learning technique of data-driven dominant balance to optical fiber noise-driven Modulation Instability, with the aim to automatically identify local regions of dispersive and nonlinear interactions governing the dynamics. We first consider the analytical solutions of Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation – solitons on finite background – where it is shown that dominant balance distinguishes two particularly different dynamical regimes: one where the nonlinear process is dominating the dispersive propagation, and one where nonlinearity and second order dispersion act together driving the localization of breathers. By means of numerical simulations, we then analyse the spatio-temporal dynamics of noise-driven Modulation Instability and demonstrate that data-driven dominant balance can successfully identify the associated dominating physical regimes even within the turbulent dynamics.
Machine Learning-assisted spatiotemporal chaos forecasting
Authors: Murr Georges , Coulibaly Saliya
Published: October 2023

Long-term forecasting of extreme events such as oceanic rogue waves, heat waves, floods, earthquakes, has always been a challenge due to their highly complex dynamics. Recently, machine learning methods have been used for model-free forecasting of physical systems. In this work, we investigated the ability of these methods to forecast the emergence of extreme events in a spatiotemporal chaotic passive ring cavity by detecting the precursors of high intensity pulses. To this end, we have implemented supervised sequence (precursors) to sequence (pulses) machine learning algorithms, corresponding to a local forecasting of when and where extreme events will appear.
(3+1)D printing towards the scalable and efficient integration of high-performance hybrid platforms
Authors: Grabulosa Adrià , Moughames Johnny , Porte Xavier , Brunner Daniel
Published: October 2023

We employ one-and two-photon polymerizatin, i.e. flash-TPP printing, which is compatible with metal-oxid-semiconductor (CMOS) technology, to fabricate polymer-cladded and single-mode 3D pho-tonic waveguides and adiabatic splitters. Our 3D technology is a major step forward towards the highly-interconnection required in optical neural networks, which removes the high energy dissipation of electronics and where 3D integration enables scalability that is challenging to realize in 2D.
Digital holographic microscopy applied to 3D computer microvision by using deep neural networks
Authors: Brito Carcaño Jesús E. , Cuenat Stéphane , Ahmad Belal , Sandoz Patrick , Couturier Raphaël , Laurent Guillaume , Jacquot Maxime
Published: October 2023

Deep neural networks are increasingly applied in many branches of applied science such as computer vision and image processing by increasing performances of instruments. Different deep architectures such as convolutional neural networks or Vision Transformers can be used in advanced coherent imaging techniques such as digital holography to extract various metrics such as autofocusing reconstruction distance or 3D position determination in order to target automated microscopy or real-time phase image restitution. Deep neural networks can be trained with both datasets simulated and experimental holograms, by transfer learning. Overall, the application of deep neural networks in digital holographic microscopy and 3D computer micro-vision has the potential to significantly improve the robustness and processing speed of holograms to infer and control a 3D position for applications in micro-robotics.
General application of the genetic algorithm to the estimation of the Liquid Crystal Director in PA-LC devices
Authors: Colomina Jaume , Sirvent-Verdú Joan Josep , Pérez-Bernabeu Andrés , Lloret Tomás , Rodríguez-Nieto Belén , Neipp Cristian , Beléndez Augusto , Francés Jorge
Published: October 2023

The study of liquid crystal (LC) director distribution is an important area of research in materials science and technology. Parallel-aligned liquid crystal (PA-LC) devices have been extensively studied due to their applications in liquid crystal displays, optical devices, and sensors. Estimating the LC director distribution is a critical step in designing and optimising PA-LC devices. This work shows the results derived from apply-ing novel optimisation techniques to estimate the liquid crystal (LC) director distribution in parallel-aligned liquid crystal (PA-LC) devices. Moreover, the genetic algorithm (GA) has been applied and compared with the minimisation of the Frank-Oseen free energy through the Euler-Lagrange equations. The GA is a stochastic optimisation technique that can effectively explore the search space and find the global optimum. Overall, this study’s results demonstrate the GA’s effectiveness in estimating the LC director distribution in PA-LC devices. This approach can improve the performance and design of liquid crystal displays, optical devices, and sensors. Furthermore, it can be extended to other fields where the optimisation of complex systems is required. Further research is needed to optimise the GA parameters and to explore its potential in other applications.
Machine-learning applied to the simulation of high harmonic generation driven by structured laser beams
Authors: Serrano Javier , Pablos-Marín José Miguel , Hernández-García Carlos
Published: October 2023

High harmonic generation (HHG) is one of the richest processes in strong-field physics. It allows to up-convert laser light from the infrared domain into the extreme-ultraviolet or even soft x-rays, that can be synthesized into laser pulses as short as tens of attoseconds. The exact simulation of such highly non-linear and non-perturbative process requires to couple the laser-driven wavepacket dynamics given by the three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation (3D-TDSE) with the Maxwell equations to account for macroscopic propagation. Such calculations are extremely demanding, well beyond the state-of-the-art computational capabilities, and approximations, such as the strong field approximation, need to be used. In this work we show that the use of machine learning, in particular deep neural networks, allows to simulate macroscopic HHG within the 3D-TDSE, revealing hidden signatures in the attosecond pulse emission that are neglected in the standard approximations. Our HHG method assisted by artificial intelligence is particularly suited to simulate the generation of soft x-ray structured attosecond pulses.
Realization of tuneable ultrabroadband interconnection for solitonic-plasmonic synapsis by exploiting epsilon near zero conducting oxides
Authors: Tari Hamed , Bile Alessandro , Nabizada Arif , Pepino Riccardo , Fazio Eugenio
Published: October 2023

This research introduces a novel highly efficient method to interconnect two metallic nanostrips that support the propagation of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waves exploiting photorefractive soliton guide. The intricate design of the multilayer geometry enables light control diffraction at the metallic nanostrip’s end and reduces its angular dispersion. Moreover, the system’s on/off state can be switched by exploiting the epsilon near zero properties of the indium tin oxide (ITO) layer. The photorefractive crystal positioned between the two plasmonic waveguides enables the self-confinement of light, generating a waveguide that can be utilized by both the writing light and other wavelengths transmitted as signals. The resulting SPP waves can be efficiently recoupled in the second nanostrip, with an efficiency of around 40% across a broad range of wavelengths. This cutting-edge approach paves the way for significant advancements in the field of nanophotonics and provides a fundamental framework for the development of new, highly efficient optical interconnects in nanoscale systems. The findings of this study have implications for a wide range of applications, including nanoscale sensing, optical computing, and data communication.
Scattering spectroscopy on single plasmonic nanoparticles using a confocal darkfield setup
Authors: Dieperink Mees , Scalerandi Francesca , Spaeth Patrick , Albrecht Wiebke
Published: October 2023

We demonstrate how to measure scattering spectra of single plasmonic nanoparticles using a confocal darkfield setup. We give an overview of considerations and problems we encountered when employing a darkfield technique based on filtering illumination under low angles instead of the conventional high-angle filtering by darkfield objectives.
Bestimmung grammatischer Fähigkeiten von Kindern anhand elizitierter Sprachproduktion – Vorstellung eines neuen Verfahrens
Authors: Kauschke Christina , Tenhagen Anne
Published: October 2023

Die Untersuchung grammatischer Fähigkeiten ist ein zentraler Bestandteil in der Diagnostik von Sprachentwicklungsstörungen bei Kindern. Eine Methode dazu ist die Bewertung elizitierter Sprachproduktion. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist die Vorstellung eines neuen Instruments, das im Rahmen der Neuauflage der Patholinguistischen Diagnostik bei Sprachentwicklungsstörungen (PDSS) entwickelt wurde und basierend auf der Beschreibung von Situationsbildern syntaktische und morphologische Fähigkeiten bewertet. Inspiriert durch den Index of Productive Syntax wurde es für die deutsche Sprache konzipiert, weiterentwickelt und digitalisiert. Vier Testwerte (MLU, Vollständigkeit der Äußerungen, zwei Scores, die 39 Strukturen erfassen) geben Auskunft über grammatische Stärken und Schwächen. Daten von 250 monolingualen Kindern zwischen drei und sechs Jahren zeigen altersrelatierte Veränderungen dieser Werte. Das neu entwickelte, zeitökonomische Verfahren kann für die Diagnostik, zur Therapieableitung und zu Forschungszwecken eingesetzt werden.
Verstehe ich dich richtig? – Generationenübergreifende Kommunikation
Authors: Holtmeier Lisa
Published: October 2023

„Da muss man doch mal mitdenken!“, „Ich lebe doch nicht, um nur zu arbeiten!“, „Man muss zufrieden sein!“ – verschiedene Generationen, unterschiedliche Werte, Prägungen und Kommunikationsarten. Auf dem Arbeitsmarkt treffen diese Generationen mit ihren vielfältigen Vorstellungen aufeinander. Das birgt das Risiko von Missverständnissen und Kommunikationsschwierigkeiten. Wir bieten Ihnen einen Überblick über die Generationen und ihre Arten, zu kommunizieren.
„Wir machen uns oft viel zu klein“ – Spezialistin für Kopf, Kiefer und Gesicht
Authors: Aschoff Frank
Published: October 2023

Erfolge zusammen mit ihren Patient*innen zu erleben ist das Highlight für Marisa Hoffmann, auch wenn sie angesichts der Rahmenbedingungen hier in Deutschland oft am liebsten schreiend weglaufen würde: kein Direktzugang, stockende grundständige Akademisierung, Ärzt*innen, die uns unseren Beruf erklären …
Die Chronisch Nichtbakterielle Osteomyelitis (CNO) im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Schnabel Anja , Girschick Hermann , Hahn Gabriele , Reiser Christiane
Published: October 2023

Die CNO zählt zu den autoinflammatorischen Knochenerkrankungen mit dem Leitsymptom muskuloskelettaler Schmerz. Das breite klinische Spektrum, das Fehlen validierter Diagnosekriterien und die unvollständig verstandene Pathophysiologie machen die Diagnose CNO zu einer Herausforderung. Die Patienten können systemische Entzündungszeichen aufweisen, pathognomonische Laborbefunde existieren jedoch nicht. Die Ganzkörper-Magnetresonanztomografie stellt mittlerweile den Goldstandard (bei Verfügbarkeit) in der CNO-Diagnostik dar. Der histologische Befund einer Knochenbiopsie zeigt kein CNO-spezifisches Entzündungsmuster, kann aber bei unifokaler/atypischer Manifestation für die Differenzierung zu Malignität oder bakteriellen Infektionen notwendig sein. In erster Linie kommen therapeutisch nichtsteroidale Antirheumatika (NSAR) zum Einsatz. In refraktären Fällen oder bei Wirbelsäulenbeteiligung sollte auf Zweitlinien-Medikamente wie Bisphosphonate oder TNF-Inhibitoren zurückgegriffen werden. Der Krankheitsverlauf ist schwer vorhersehbar. Da eine unkontrollierte Krankheitsaktivität zu Komplikationen wie Wirbelkörperfrakturen führen kann, ist eine zeitnahe Diagnosestellung und Therapie wichtig für den Krankheitsverlauf.
Zur Wirksamkeit der digitalen betrieblichen
Gesundheitsförderung in Zeiten von Home-Office: Eine systematische
Übersichtsarbeit
Authors: Schmidt Sebastian , Andersch-Rupprecht Claudia , Dengler Thore , Nagel Eckhard
Published: October 2023

Hintergrund Betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung (BGF) ist vor einer
zunehmend älterwerdenden, multimorbiden, chronisch kranken Belegschaft
ein wichtiges Instrument, um die Gesundheit der Beschäftigten im Setting
Arbeitsplatz zu fördern und zu erhalten. Bedingt durch die
Digitalisierung sowie die zunehmenden Möglichkeiten von Home-Office
finden vermehrt digitale Angebote der betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung
(dBGF) Anwendung in Organisationen. Das Angebotsportfolio reicht dabei von
Fitnesstrackern, Online-Plattformen, Gesundheits-Apps bis hin zu sogenannten
Wearables, sodass eine breite, individuelle Auswahl sowohl für die
Organisationen als auch für die Mitarbeitenden möglich ist.

Ziel der Studie Ziel der Studie ist die Identifikation und Analyse von
randomisiert kontrollierten Studien (RCT) im Hinblick auf die
gesundheitsförderliche Wirksamkeit der dBGF.

Material und Methoden Es erfolgte eine systematische Literaturrecherche in
relevanten Fachdatenbanken (PubMed, Livivo, Cochrane Library). Die
identifizierte Studien wurden systematisch und unabhängig durch mehrere
Personen ausgewählt, ausgewertet und anschließend deskriptiv
dargestellt.

Ergebnisse Es konnten 17 relevante Beiträge identifiziert und
analysiert werden. Vor allem Maßnahmen zur Förderung des
Bewegungsverhaltens sowie Programme zur Verbesserung der psychischen Gesundheit
wurden im Rahmen der durchgeführten RCT-Studien identifiziert. Die
Ergebnisse der durchgeführten Studien signalisieren einschlägig,
dass dBGF die Gesundheit in vielfältiger Art und Weise fördern
kann und Organisationen dabei unterstützt, einer
gesundheitsförderlichen Arbeitsumgebung entgegenzukommen.

Schlussfolgerung Die Wirksamkeit von dBGF konnte anhand der
identifizierten Studien nachgewiesen werden, wobei die Effekte zweifelsfrei
durch die Beschäftigten, vor allem durch deren Gesundheitskompetenz,
beeinflusst und bestimmt werden. Um die Wirksamkeit von dBGF dauerhaft zu
sichern, ist es zukünftig notwendig vor allem das Interesse sowie die
Motivation der Beschäftigten – im Hinblick zur
persönlichen Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention
– zu steigern.
Aus der Praxis der Überwachung der SARS-CoV-2-Teststellen im
Stadtgebiet Köln
Authors: Ackermann Annemarie , Weihrauch Dennis , Wiesmüller Gerhard A. , Hurraß Julia
Published: October 2023

Im Frühjahr 2021 wurde die gesetzliche Grundlage zur
flächendeckenden Eröffnung von Testzentren geschaffen. Die in
der Folge in ganz Köln eröffneten Teststellen unterlagen einer
infektionshygienischen Überwachungspflicht durch das Gesundheitsamt,
weshalb Begehungen anhand von strukturierten Begehungschecklisten
durchgeführt wurden. Im Nachhinein fand für den Zeitraum vom
15.03.2021 bis zum 31.07.2021 eine Auswertung der dabei festgestellten
Mängel statt. In 84% der Fälle wurden bei erstmaliger
Begehung der Teststelle hygienische Mängel festgestellt werden.
35% der Teststellen wurden unmittelbar vor Ort – meist
vorübergehend – geschlossen. Diese ersten Ergebnisse liefern
Informationen zu häufigen und wichtigen hygienischen Problemen beim
schnellen Aufbau von Teststellen und wichtige Hinweise zu ihrer Vermeidung und
damit zum Schutz von Mitarbeitenden und Testpersonen.
Aktuelle Leitlinien der axialen Spondyloarthritis für Praxis und Klinik
Authors: Kononenko Iuliia , Kiefer David , Baraliakos Xenofon , Kiltz Uta
Published: October 2023

Die axiale Spondyloarthritis (axSpA) ist eine entzündlich-rheumatische Erkrankung des Achsenskeletts, die vor allem durch chronische Rückenschmerzen gekennzeichnet ist. Im Verlauf der Erkrankung kann es zu Knochenneubildungen am Achsenskelett kommen. Internationale und nationale Leitlinien zielen darauf ab, die Diagnose einer axSpA kurz nach Symptombeginn zu stellen und eine effektive Therapie einzuleiten. Bei der Diagnosestellung spielt insbesondere die Bildgebung eine wichtige Rolle. Während das Röntgen und die Computertomografie (CT) strukturelle Läsionen gut darstellen können, ermöglicht die Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) die Darstellung von entzündlichen und strukturellen Veränderungen. Die Behandlung von Patienten mit axSpA zeichnet sich durch eine Kombination aus nichtpharmakologischen und pharmakologischen Maßnahmen aus. Neben regelmäßiger körperlicher Aktivität können unterschiedliche Medikamentenklassen wie nichtsteroidale Antirheumatika (NSAR) und Biologika (biologic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs, bDMARD) sowie targeted-synthetic DMARD (tsDMARD) verordnet werden. Im Laufe der Erkrankung können invasive Maßnahmen wie Injektionen oder Operationen in Frage kommen.
Synthesis and Properties of 2′-Deoxyadenosine Mimics Bearing a Thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine Ring
Authors: Hari Yoshiyuki , Fuchi Yasufumi , Kawaguchi Miho , Ito Yuta
Published: October 2023

A C-nucleoside with a stable C–C glycosidic bond can be used as a building block for chemically modified oligonucleotides (ONs). In this study, two adenosine-like C-nucleosides (dSA and dSO2A) bearing thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine rings were designed and synthesized. These analogues were synthesized via the Heck reaction, and their properties as monomer nucleosides were investigated. Both the dSA and dSO2A monomers were not recognized by adenosine deaminase (ADA). In addition, they exhibited fluorescence emissions in the UV and visible regions of dSA and dSO2A, respectively. Subsequently, dSA was converted into a phosphoramidite compound and incorporated into the ONs. The synthesized dSA-modified ONs formed a stable duplex with DNA and RNA complements comparable to natural adenosine. Furthermore, the modified ONs exhibited fluorescence emission derived from dSA.
Surgical Treatment of Chronic Subdural Hematoma under Local Anesthesia: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Pereira Carlos Umberto , Oliveira Débora Moura da Paixão , Setton Lauro Roberto de Azevedo
Published: October 2023

Introduction Optimal surgical treatment for chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) in the elderly has been controversial. Whenever possible, a less invasive technique should be used to avoid complications.

Case Report The patient was 82-years-old, with JPS; with diagnosis of liver cirrhosis due to alcohol abuse and history of recent myocardial infarction. He was admitted to the emergency room with temporal-spatial disorientation. The Glasgow coma scale (GCS) value on admission was 9. Left hemiparesis and osteotendinous hyperreflexia in the left side of the body. Noncontrast-enhanced cranial computed tomography (CT) showed right frontoparietal hypodense lesion with mass effect. Due to the clinical conditions of the patient, drainage of the hematoma was indicated through local anesthesia and sedation with midazolam. He was discharged after 8 days with improvement in his mental and neurological condition.

Conclusion Drainage of CSDH using local anesthesia in an elderly person with severe comorbidity can reach excellent results.
Krankenhausmanagement: Strategischer Wandel
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: October 2023

Seit Jahren kommen Entscheider in deutschen Krankenhäusern nicht aus dem Krisenmodus. Erst die Corona-Pandemie, nun die desolate Finanzlage. Gleichzeitig verlangen Ambulantisierung, Digitalisierung und Regionalisierung eine strategische Neuaufstellung. Zusätzlich verändert die Klinikreform die Rahmenbedingungen.
Krankenhausreform: „Wir müssen den Mut haben, anders zu denken“
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: October 2023

Das Eckpunktepapier zur Krankenhausreform ist beschlossen: 14 der 16 Bundesländer haben zugestimmt. Der Kompromiss hat zum Teil scharfe Kritik hervorgerufen. Es gibt aber auch weniger kritische Stimmen. kma spricht dazu mit Sabine Brase, Geschäftsführung Pflege-Bildung-Zukunft am Ernst von Bergmann- Klinikum Potsdam, die auch Chancen in der Reform sieht.
Insolvenzverfahren: Therapie gegen das Krankenhaussterben
Authors: Kaufmann Christian
Published: October 2023

Steht ein Krankenhaus dauerhaft in finanzieller Schieflage, ist die Insolvenz häufig unausweichlich. Doch diese muss nicht gleich die Schließung des Betriebs bedeuten. Klinikentscheider tun gut daran, das Insolvenzrecht als Chance zu sehen.
Zukunft der Pflege: „Die Stimme der Pflege war bisher zu leise“
Authors: Hohnstein Aileen
Published: October 2023

Die Pflege als größte Berufsgruppe im Krankenhaus wurde bislang zu wenig in den Blick genommen. Das muss sich ändern, um auch in Zeiten des Personalmangels gut aufgestellt zu sein. Im Gespräch mit kma erzählt Prof. Dr. Vera Antonia Büchner, Mitherausgeberin des Buches „Zukunft der Pflege im Krankenhaus gestalten“, was sich ändern muss und wie das Image der Pflege wieder positiver werden kann.
Elucidating the effect of spin crossover materials on graphene sensing devices
Authors: Maity Krishna , Dayen Jean-François , Palluel Marlène , Daro Nathalie , Chastanet Guillaume , Kundys Bohdan , Doudin Bernard
Published: October 2023

Graphene films are used to detect the presence and transition of spin crossover nanoparticle aggregates. Experiments performed far from the graphene neutrality point, combining impedance spectroscopy and Hall measurements, provide better insight into the mechanism for the change of impedance of the graphene layer in proximity with different states of the molecular structure. We observe that the change of spin state shifts the graphene Fermi level and its intrinsic resistance, with resulting positive insight into using this type of hybrid device for fast molecular electronics purposes.
The role of peer review in the pursuit of commercial fusion energy
Authors: Reinke M. L. , Sorbom B. , Greenwald M.
Published: October 2023

The path to demonstrate how fusion energy can be used to generate net electricity is undergoing an important transition, shifting from relying almost exclusively on public funding to also being supported by a diverse set of private companies. This article discusses the motivations and processes by which peer review, a mainstay of publicly funded fusion science, translates to the research and development activities of private fusion companies. The perspective is from a team which has experienced this evolution first-hand, having transitioned from publicly funded fusion projects to working on the high-field tokamak path, supported or employed by Commonwealth Fusion Systems. We believe the continuation of peer review to be critical to the advancement of industry-led fusion science, but also acknowledge where it needs to have restrictions due to pursuit of some fusion technology that may need to remain proprietary. The discussion is expected to be generally applicable to any privately funded fusion endeavor, but necessarily draws upon the experience gained from developing the science, engineering, and technology basis for the SPARC tokamak and the planning for its future operation.
Alloy distribution and compositional metrology of epitaxial ScAlN by atom probe tomography
Authors: Ndiaye Samba , Elias Caroline , Diagne Aïssatou , Rotella Hélène , Georgi Frédéric , Hugues Maxime , Cordier Yvon , Vurpillot François , Rigutti Lorenzo
Published: October 2023

The properties of ScAlN layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy have been carefully studied using atom probe tomography (APT) and complementary techniques. The measured III-site fraction within the ScxAl1−xN layer is x = 0.16 ± 0.02, in good agreement with the values determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, x = 0.14) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS, x = 0.14). The frequency distribution analysis indicates that the compound behaves as a random alloy. A significant amount of oxygen, around 0.2% in site fraction, is found within the ScAlN layer as a randomly distributed impurity. The alloy composition measurement in terms of Sc fraction is rather independent of the surface electric field, which excludes compositional inaccuracies for the experimental parameters used in the APT analysis.
Liquid–solid equilibria and supercooling of Custodiol® in isochoric thermodynamic systems at subfreezing temperatures
Authors: Câmpean Ștefan Ioan , Beșchea George Andrei , Tăbăcaru Maria Bianca , Șerban Alexandru , Popescu Irinel , Botea Florin , Rubinsky Boris , Năstase Gabriel
Published: October 2023

There is growing interest in using isochoric freezing and isochoric supercooling for the preservation of biological matter at subfreezing temperatures. Custodiol® is a commonly used intracellular composition type, subnormothermic preservation solution. It is anticipated that Custodiol® will also be used for isochoric freezing and isochoric supercooling preservation of biological matter. The thermodynamic properties of Custodiol® at subfreezing temperatures as well as the metastable behavior of the solution at subfreezing temperatures were not studied in the past. This study was designed to generate the thermodynamic data needed for the use of Custodiol® for the preservation of biological matter in isochoric systems at subfreezing temperatures. The experiments were performed in a specially designed isochoric chamber that can measure simultaneously the temperature and pressure in the isochoric chamber, and thereby correlate pressure and temperature at thermodynamic equilibrium in isochoric systems as well as the nucleation temperature in isochoric supercooling. The primary focus of this study is on determining the temperature at which nucleation is initiated and to identify the temperature threshold for nucleation due to its specific relevance to various applications in medicine.
Mechanically induced reversible/irreversible phase transition in PMN–0.3PT single crystal: A phase-field simulation
Authors: Qi Changjun , Jiang Yixuan , Wang Xingzhe , Lynch Christopher S.
Published: October 2023

Relaxor ferroelectric single crystals of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (PMN–PT) have outstanding electromechanical properties in the linear regime. When operated across a phase transition, these properties are significantly enhanced. Understanding the phase transition mechanism under electromechanical external fields is crucial for the new application of PMN–PT that takes advantage of this phase transition. In the present study, the phase transition of PMN–0.3PT single crystals subjected to a mechanical loading/unloading process and the effects of electric field on the phase transition and electromechanical responses of PMN–0.3PT single crystal under coupled mechanical-electrical loading were systematically investigated using a thermodynamics-based phase-field model. The roles the different energy terms play in the evolution of domain and phase structures were assessed. These findings have important implications for both understanding of the phase transition of relaxor ferroelectric single crystal PMN–0.3PT and applications that take advantage of phase transitions in these materials. The model results for the reversible/irreversible phase transition of PMN–0.3PT during the mechanical loading/unloading process are qualitatively consistent with experimental results.
Three-dimensional distribution and propagation of dislocations in β-Ga2O3 revealed by Borrmann effect x-ray topography
Authors: Yao Yongzhao , Tsusaka Yoshiyuki , Hirano Keiichi , Sasaki Kohei , Kuramata Akito , Sugawara Yoshihiro , Ishikawa Yukari
Published: October 2023

Synchrotron radiation x-ray topography (XRT) in a transmission configuration based on the Borrmann effect (BE) was carried out to observe characteristic dislocation structures and three-dimensional distribution and propagation of dislocations in β-Ga2O3 grown via the edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) method. Substrates with a range of surface orientations of (001), (010), and (2¯01), cut perpendicular or parallel to the ⟨010⟩ growth direction of the EFG, were observed to understand the whole picture of dislocations distributed in the bulk crystals. Using the (001)-oriented substrate, we found characteristic dislocation structures such as dislocation helices, damage-related (001)-plane dislocation networks, and tangled dislocation complexes, which exist universally in EFG crystals but have rarely been reported before. A careful measurement of the dislocation length in BE-XRT images taken with different g-vectors allows us to determine the crystal plane on which a dislocation lies. The BE-XRTs taken from the (010)-oriented and (2¯01)-oriented substrates suggested that the dislocations propagating along the [010] growth direction were dominant. Most of these b-axis threading dislocations had a Burgers vector of [010] or [001], and they tended to align in the (100) plane. The BE-XRT observations in this study provide valuable knowledge for understanding the structure and character of dislocations in β-Ga2O3.
Explosive fragmentation of additively manufactured stainless steel
Authors: Callahan M. , Sun D. , Linne M. A. , Wu A. S. , Campbell G. H. , Friedman B. , Rodriguez J. , Burke S. , Lodes A. , Hansen K. , Mickelson K. , Wraith R. , Nicolino J. J. , Park H.-S.
Published: October 2023

Properties of fragmentation from an explosively driven 316L stainless steel spherical shell section fabricated by a laser powder bed additive manufacturing process with minimal surface finishing are investigated. This shell is driven by an insensitive high explosive, resulting in high strain rate deformation (>8 × 103 s−1) and failure of the stainless steel. Photonic Doppler velocimetry measures the expansion rate; dynamic radiography and high-speed imaging capture the fracture behavior of the stainless steel. The fracture response of the additively manufactured stainless steel shell is compared to published experimental results on additively manufactured 316L stainless steel and conventionally manufactured wrought 316L and 304 stainless steel shell fragmentation. Despite preferred crack orientation, suggesting the influence of surface grooves on fracture time, fragment size is identical to that measured in a similar experiment on wrought 304 stainless steel. Further analysis indicates that the 316L additively manufactured stainless steel shell exhibits comparable spall strength and fragmentation toughness to conventionally manufactured stainless steel yet lower failure strain due to surface stress concentrations.
Current induced second-order nonlinear Hall effect in bulk WTe2
Authors: Li Hui , Li Minxin , Xiao Rui-Chun , Liu Wenhui , Wu Lin , Gan Wei , Han Hui , Tang Xi , Zhang Changjin , Wang Jiannong
Published: October 2023

The observation of second-order nonlinear Hall effect generally requires broken inversion symmetry and other spatial symmetries (such as out-of-plane C2 symmetry) rather than time-reversal symmetry for the conventional Hall effect, which brings fascinating opportunities for the fundamental investigation and innovative concepts for device applications. However, the imposed symmetry constraints severely limit the accessibility of the second-order nonlinear Hall effect in many materials. Here, we report the observation of the second-order nonlinear Hall effect in bulk Td-WTe2 with symmetry constraints under the application of direct current (DC). The observed second-order nonlinear Hall effect is strongly dependent on the external DC with its magnitude being vanished at zero driving DC and linearly increased with increasing driving DC. Furthermore, the driving DC induced second-order nonlinear Hall effect in bulk Td-WTe2 exhibits the same twofold rotational symmetry as that of the intrinsic third-order nonlinear Hall effect, which is distinct from the second-order nonlinear Hall effect in few-layer Td-WTe2. In addition, similar driving DC induced second-order nonlinear features are also observed in the longitudinal direction. These imply that the driving DC induced second-order nonlinear transport properties may share the same physical origins as that of the intrinsic third-order nonlinear transport. Scaling relationship analyses further demonstrate that extrinsic scattering-related mechanism plays a dominant role in the observed high-order nonlinear transport properties. Our work outlines a potential roadmap to control the second-order nonlinear Hall effect in materials where crystal symmetry forbids this effect with both fundamental research interest and technological device applications.
The future of solar forecasting in China
Authors: Yang Dazhi
Published: October 2023

The current grid code in China in regard to solar forecasting is, in my opinion, underdeveloped, especially in contrast to the rate at which photovoltaics are being installed. As such, explaining the limitations of the grid code and resetting pathways to improve it are thought utilitarian for those scientists and policymakers who are responsible for or aware of the grid code but have not themselves worked on the problem of forecasting. In this perspective article, I should first explain with respect to China's grid code the perceived deficiencies in the current forecasting research and practices, and then outline a five-stage workflow that could completely mitigate the situation. Among other things, the over-reliance on accuracy as the basis for gauging the goodness of forecasts is identified as a root cause for the status quo, and thus, I advocate a holistic forecast verification procedure that encompasses consistency, quality, and value. With that in mind, the proposed workflow for better solar forecasting for grid integration purposes relies on the effective information flow among the weather department, grid operators, and individual plant owners, which is inline with the current grid code. What goes beyond this is that the proposal further introduces a couple of concepts called “hierarchical reconciliation” and “firm forecasting,” which are new but are able to eliminate forecast errors wholly, thus making solar power dispatchable on the system level. With a slight premium incurred, it is now possible to manage solar plants, or variable renewables in general, in the same style as managing conventional fire-powered generators.
A novel wake flow control method for drag reduction of a high-speed train with vortex generators installing on streamlined tail nose
Authors: Zhang Jie , Huang Fengyi , Yu Yizheng , Han Shuai , Ding Yansi , Gao Guangjun
Published: October 2023

The head/tail of a high-speed train has been designed in a streamlined way to achieve good aerodynamic performance, which leads to the flow separation point moving close to the tail nose tip. Therefore, the conventional way with some add-ons, i.e., the passive flow control, to suppress the flow separation in advance is not a good choice for this train wake flow improvement. Also, with the increase of the train speed, it is urgent to study new methods for the aerodynamic drag reduction of the train. The wake of the high-speed train is characterized by a pair of counter-rotating vortices, contributing to low surface pressure on the streamlined tail and posing a risk to the train operation. Thus, lowering the intensity of counter-rotating vortices and enhancing the surface pressure become a significantly potential drag reduction method. In the current study, a novel wake flow control method, named the vortex intensity reduction theory (VIRT), for the drag reduction of a high-speed train with vortex generators installing on the streamlined tail nose, was proposed to generate a pair of vortices with opposite rotating directions, expecting to weaken the wake vortices and have a higher-pressure distribution on the tail, as compared to the base case. The results show that with the installation of vortex generators (VGs), the train wake flow intensity is suppressed, and the influence region is reduced, resulting in the better train wake flow structures, as compared to the train without VGs. The VGs have significant impact on the aerodynamic performance of the tail car, while this effect is not evidently observed on the head and middle cars. The VGs contribute to the surface pressure increase on the streamlined tail, resulting into a reduction of pressure difference between the head and tail cars. As a result, a reduction of 5.11% in the aerodynamic drag and a reduction of 14.93% in the aerodynamic lift of the tail car are obtained, while for a three-car grouping train model, the reductions are about 2.23% and 72.66%, respectively. Therefore, the VIRT based on VGs proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the aerodynamic force of the tail car and alleviate the intensity of wake flow of the high-speed train, which will provide a newly potential drag reduction method of the next generation high-speed train.
Mainland broad-toothed rat (Mastacomys fuscus mordicus) recovery after wildfire
Authors: Schulz Martin , Campbell Catriona D , Schroder Mellesa
Published: October 2023

Wildfires are considered a major risk to the threatened broad-toothed rat (Mastacomys fuscus mordicus), a native murid rodent. Kosciuszko National Park is an important stronghold for the species, raising concern regarding the impact of the 2019–20 fires on populations occurring in this area. Sixty-two burnt sites known to be occupied by the species in 2016–17 were revisited. One year after the fires, little evidence of the broad-toothed rat was found, with its distinctive scats located at just 8% of sites. All these sites had some unburnt vegetation present. In contrast, 80.4% of 51 unburnt sites had evidence of the broad-toothed rat in both the pre- and post-fire surveys. Two years following the fire, scats were found at 42% of burnt sites, predominantly occurring within grassland (n = 23), with three in forested habitat. Three years following the fire, the scats were detected in 66% of sites, comprising 30 in grassland, 11 in forested gully and the first in lower slope shrubland. Based on the recovery trajectory, it is likely that in subsequent years (with the absence of fire or the adequate management of other competing threats) all remaining previously occupied sites may be re-populated.
Case study: breakthrough mpox infection in Aotearoa New Zealand and Australia after completed two-dose course of subcutaneous modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA-BN) vaccines
Authors: Cornelisse Vincent J. , Kearley John J. M. , Vargas Castillo Jose , Macharg Lindsay , McLaughlin Virginia A. , Jack Susan J. , Swift Caitlin
Published: October 2023

Background In August 2022, in response to a global mpox outbreak, the World Health Organization recommended the Vaccinia vaccination for at-risk people. Methods Case study. Results We describe a case of a HIV-negative bisexual man who developed a symptomatic mpox infection 13 weeks after completing a two-dose course of subcutaneous third-generation modified vaccinia Ankara vaccines. The case likely acquired his mpox infection in the USA; was diagnosed in Aotearoa, New Zealand; and was followed-up in Australia, as he was actively travelling during his infection. Conclusions This case highlights the importance of maintaining clinical suspicion for mpox in people who present with consistent symptoms, even if they are fully vaccinated. Also, as he travelled around Aotearoa, New Zealand, and Australia during his infection, this case highlights how public health authorities and clinicians can cooperate across jurisdictional boundaries to support cases and minimise the risk of onward transmission.