bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
N2 adsorption on high-entropy alloy surfaces: unveiling the role of local environments
Authors: Araujo Rafael B. , Edvinsson Tomas
Published: March 2023

A theoretical framework and analysis are presented that can be generally used for any complex material surface where an adsorption or interaction at single sites can be modulated by the electronic structure of the local environment.
Organic photodetectors based on pentacene single crystals with fast response and flexibility
Authors: Du Qianqian , Wang Du Zhifeng , Li Du Mengru , Gan Yuquan , Li Shuhong , Liu Yunlong , Wang Wenjun , Wang Fengqiu , Qin Shuchao
Published: March 2023

Organic single crystals (OSCs) have attracted increasing interest in advanced optoelectronic devices, in particular for flexible and wearable devices, due to their high carrier mobility and intrinsic mechanical flexibility.
Magnetic Fe–N–C nanoparticles as a dual nanozyme for label-free colorimetric detection of antibiotics
Authors: Wen Wen , Liu Yina , Li Zhongping , Wen Guangming , Li Hung-Wing , Li Li
Published: March 2023

N–C codoped Fe nanoparticles were used as a dual enzyme mimetic nanozyme. Colorimetric sensing platforms of antibiotics are important for environmental analysis. The superparamagnetism of Fe–N–C was conducive to its recycling and reuse.
A non-metallic SERS-based immunoassay founded by light-harvesting effect and strengthened chemical enhancement
Authors: Ma Jiali , Dong Wenxin , Xu Tao , Wei Guodong , Gu Chenjie , Jiang Tao
Published: March 2023

Owing to its promising biocompatibility and reliable sensitivity, semiconductor-guided surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology has aroused widespread concern in clinical immunoassays.
Fischer's base-triggered formal (3+2) cycloadditions with 3-isothiocyanato oxindoles as acceptor–donor synthons
Authors: Liu Xiong-Wei , Chen Zi-Yue , Liu Ren-Ming , Zhang Wen-Hui , Pan Bo-Wen , Zhou Jian , Tian You-Ping , Zhou Ying , Liu Xiong-Li
Published: March 2023

Examples of Fischer's base-triggered (3+2) cycloadditions and expanding the applicability scope of 3-isothiocyanato oxindoles.
First and second sphere interactions accelerate non-native N-alkylation catalysis by the thermostable, methanol-tolerant B12-dependent enzyme MtaC
Authors: Kumar Amardeep , Yang Xinhang , Li Jianbin , Lewis Jared C.
Published: March 2023

The corrinoid protein MtaC, which is natively involved in methyl transferase catalysis, catalyzes N-alkylation of aniline using ethyl diazoacetate.
Ultrasensitive optical thermometry using Tb3+ doped NaSrGd(MoO4)3 based on single band ratiometric luminescence
Authors: Aly Taleb Zein El Abidine , Saidi Kamel , Dammak Mohamed , Przybylska Dominika , Grzyb Tomasz
Published: March 2023

A single-band ratiometric luminescent thermometer based on the green emission of Tb3+.
Stimuli-responsive structure–property switchable polymer materials
Authors: Png Zhuang Mao , Wang Chen-Gang , Yeo Jayven Chee Chuan , Lee Johnathan Joo Cheng , Surat'man Nayli Erdeanna , Tan Yee Lin , Liu Hongfei , Wang Pei , Tan Beng Hoon , Xu Jian Wei , Loh Xian Jun , Zhu Qiang
Published: March 2023

Typical examples of structural switchable functional groups triggered by photo-, pH-, thermal-, force-, CO2- or redox-stimuli for constructing stimuli-responsive polymers.
Physical crosslinked hydrogel-derived smart windows: anti-freezing and fast thermal responsive performance
Authors: Li Gang , Chen Jiwei , Yan Zhaonan , Wang Shancheng , Ke Yujie , Luo Wei , Ma Huiru , Guan Jianguo , Long Yi
Published: March 2023

A physical crosslinked thermochromic smart hydrogel demonstrated easy fabrication, improved anti-freezing and good structural integrity across phase transition, to be used in smart windows, sensing, camouflage, etc.
Depressing relaxation and conduction loss of polar polymer materials by inserting bulky charge traps for superior energy storage performance in high-pulse energy storage capacitor applications
Authors: Zhang Meirong , Zhu Bofeng , Zhang Xiao , Liu Zhenxue , Wei Xiaoyong , Zhang Zhicheng
Published: March 2023

A facile strategy of depressing the polarization relaxation and charge conduction simultaneously by introducing bulky electron-deficient vinyl quinoline (VQQ) units into polar polymers, resulting in superior energy storage performance.
Intrinsic exchange bias state in silicene and germanene materials EuX2
Authors: Averyanov Dmitry V. , Sokolov Ivan S. , Taldenkov Alexander N. , Parfenov Oleg E. , Karateev Igor A. , Kondratev Oleg A. , Tokmachev Andrey M. , Storchak Vyacheslav G.
Published: March 2023

2D magnets have recently emerged as a host for unconventional phases and related phenomena. An intrinsic exchange bias effect accompanies the dimensional crossover indicating coexisting magnetic orders.
Structure engineering of CeO2for boosting the Au/CeO2nanocatalyst in the green and selective hydrogenation of nitrobenzene
Authors: Ye Junqing , Jing Meizan , Liang Yu , Li Wenjin , Zhao Wanting , Huang Jianying , Lai Yuekun , Song Weiyu , Liu Jian , Sun Jian
Published: March 2023

Au/CeO2fabricated by loading tannic acid-reduced Au on various structurally engineered CeO2are applied to catalytic nitrobenzene transfer hydrogenation with isopropanol as a green H2provider, revealing a detailed structure–activity relationship.
Targeted development of sustainable green catalysts for regioselective acylation of aromatic ethers with carboxylic acidsviachlorosulfonic acid coated on poly(guanidine–triazine–sulfonamide) grafted quartz–γ-Fe2O3
Authors: Fereydooni Maryam , Alavinia Sedigheh , Ghorbani-Vaghei Ramin
Published: March 2023

Friedel–Crafts (FC) acylation of aromatic compounds is considered one of the essential and valuable reactions in organic synthesis.
Tetrahedron-based deep-ultraviolet nonlinear optical crystal with optimized KBe2BO3F2-like structure and disordered cations
Authors: Xu Junxin , Sha Hongyuan , Shang Yanran , Wang Zujian , Su Rongbing , He Chao , Yang Xiaoming , Long Xifa
Published: March 2023

The Li2NH4Rb(SO4)2crystal exhibits a strong second-harmonic generation response of 2 × KH2PO4and a large band gap of 7.56 eV.
Correction: WS2 quantum dots harvesting via sonication assisted liquid exfoliation for the electrochemical sensing of xanthine
Authors: Sakthivel Arunkumar , Chandrasekaran Anitha , Soosaimanickam Charlin , Li Chen-Zhong , Alwarappan Subbiah
Published: March 2023

Correction for ‘WS2 quantum dots harvesting via sonication assisted liquid exfoliation for the electrochemical sensing of xanthine’ by Arunkumar Sakthivel et al., New J. Chem., 2022, 46, 17066–17072, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NJ03446H.
Ligand-controlled regiodivergence in cobalt-catalyzed hydrosilylation of isoprene
Authors: Yang Sa-Na , Liu Chang-Hui , He Li-Bowen , Zheng Hao , Kuai Chang-Sheng , Wan Boshun , Ji Ding-Wei , Chen Qing-An
Published: March 2023

An atom-economical, regiodivergent hydrosilylation reaction of isoprene was developed using an Earth-abundant cobalt catalyst through variation of ligands.
Transition metal-free radicaltrans-hydroboration of alkynes with NHC-boranesviavisible-light photoredox catalysis
Authors: Li Ding-Chang , Zeng Jia-Hao , Yang Yu-Hang , Zhan Zhuang-Ping
Published: March 2023

Visible-light-induced 4-CzIPN-catalyzed trans-hydroboration of alkynes with NHC-boranes to generate diverse (E)-alkenylboranes with high selectivity.
Research progress of catalysts for aldol condensation of biomass based compounds
Authors: Zhang Xing , Li YanQing , Qian Chi , An Ling , Wang Wei , Li XiuFeng , Shao XianZhao , Li Zhizhou
Published: March 2023

Research progress of catalysts of the aldol condensation reaction of biomass based compounds is summarized for the synthesis of liquid fuel precursors and chemicals.
Correction: Highly efficient degradation of reactive black KN-B dye by ultraviolet light responsive ZIF-8 photocatalysts with different morphologies
Authors: Trung Le Gia , Nguyen Minh Kim , Hang Nguyen Thi Dieu , Tran Vy Anh , Gwag Jin Seog , Tran Nguyen Tien
Published: March 2023

Correction for ‘Highly efficient degradation of reactive black KN-B dye by ultraviolet light responsive ZIF-8 photocatalysts with different morphologies’ by Le Gia Trung et al., RSC Adv., 2023, 13, 5908–5924, http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra08312d.
Regulating defects and interfacial compatibility of porous carbon derived from oxygen-containing composites to enhance oxygen reduction in aqueous electrolytes
Authors: Li Zheng , Yang Chenfan , Mao Guoning , Wang Qiyu
Published: March 2023

A three-dimensional N-doped carbon derived from a polyhydroxy compound was demonstrated. By tuning the composition and pores, the 3D N-doped nanocarbon exhibits superior electrocatalytic performance for the ORR.
Degradation products of crosslinked silk fibroin scaffolds modulate the immune response but not cell toxicity
Authors: Sapudom Jiranuwat , Kongsema Mesayamas , Methachittipan Apipon , Damrongsakkul Siriporn , Kanokpanont Sorada , Teo Jeremy C. M. , Khongkow Mattaka , Tonsomboon Khaow , Thongnuek Peerapat
Published: March 2023

The degradation products of crosslinked silk fibroin scaffolds induce distinct macrophage polarization and responses, without causing cytotoxicity or genotoxicity.
Recent advances in adhesive materials used in the biomedical field: adhesive properties, mechanism, and applications
Authors: Lu Yongping , Xu Xinyuan , Li Jianshu
Published: March 2023

This review describes the superior properties, mechanisms, and medical applications of natural, organic, composite, and underwater adhesive materials.
The role of graphene in new thermoelectric materials
Authors: Mulla Rafiq , White Alvin Orbaek , Dunnill Charles W. , Barron Andrew R.
Published: March 2023

This article highlights new and interesting research ideas that explored graphene's potential for thermoelectrics.
A Comparison of Voice Therapy Attendance Rates Between In-Person and Telepractice
Authors: Cutchin Grace M. , Shelly Sandeep , Petty Brian , van Leer Eva , Tripp Raquel M. , Klein Adam M. , Gillespie Amanda I.
Published: March 2023

Purpose:

This study sought to investigate whether a significant difference exists in attendance, cancellations, and no-shows between in-person therapy and telepractice. The authors hypothesized that telepractice no-show and cancellation rates would be less than in-person no-show and cancellation rates.

Method:

This retrospective study manually reviewed and analyzed attendance, no-show, and cancellation data over a 3-month span of in-person–only visits (September 2019–November 2019) and a 3-month span of telepractice visits (September 2020–November 2020) conducted at the Emory Voice Center, a tertiary care practice in urban Atlanta, Georgia. Additionally, data were collected for each patient's full course of therapy outside of the 3-month windows and analyzed for attendance, no-show, and cancellation patterns.

Results:

Data from 521 patients were available for review from the selected time frame. In 2019 (in-person), 157 patients met inclusion criteria, and in 2020 (telepractice), 176 patients were included. Therapy initiation, therapy attendance, and no-show rates had significant increases in the telepractice year, and cancellations made greater than 24 hr before the appointments had a significant decrease in the telepractice year. Furthermore, the overall course of therapy showed significantly fewer missed appointments and more attended appointments in the telepractice year.

Conclusions:

Patients participating in voice therapy via telepractice are more likely to initiate treatment and attend treatment and less likely to cancel sessions compared with patients receiving treatment in person. These data combined with extant data on telepractice treatment efficacy indicate that telepractice should be considered standard of care and offered to all patients seeking treatment, as it removes many reported barriers to treatment.
Teaching Caregivers to Implement the Caregivers Optimizing Achievement of Children With Hearing Loss (COACH) Intervention
Authors: Ambrose Sophie E. , Appenzeller Margo , Kaiser Ann P.
Published: March 2023

Purpose:

This study examined the effectiveness of Caregivers Optimizing Achievement of Children With Hearing Loss (COACH), an intervention in which parents were taught naturalistic interaction strategies that addressed the unique linguistic input needs of their young children with hearing loss.

Method:

A single-subject multiple-baseline across-behaviors design was used with four caregiver–child dyads to determine the effects of COACH training on caregivers' use of the COACH language facilitation strategies and on their children's language abilities.

Results:

A functional relation was demonstrated between teaching of strategies and caregivers' use of the strategies across three dyads with slower, consistent changes observed in a fourth dyad. Improvements in children's use of target-level language were observed for children in three dyads.

Conclusions:

Caregivers were able to implement COACH language facilitation strategies, although the pace of caregivers' learning differed across dyads. Caregivers reported high satisfaction with participating in the intervention. Future research using a randomized design and a longer intervention condition is needed for a more complete assessment of the effects of the intervention on children's language abilities.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.22290082
Dynamic Systems Theory: A Primer for Pediatric Feeding Clinicians
Authors: Thompson Kelsey L. , McComish Cara , Thoyre Suzanne
Published: March 2023

Purpose:

Dynamic systems theory (DST) is a theoretical framework that has been applied to motor learning with key clinical implications. DST is increasingly used as a framework for pediatric feeding research but is lesser known to clinicians reading and implementing the research. Clinical translation of DST is therefore critical and has not yet been undertaken for children with pediatric feeding disorder at the stage of solid foods. The purpose of this tutorial is to provide clinicians with an overview of DST so that they can understand and use DST principles in their clinical practice for children with pediatric feeding disorders.

Conclusions:

This tutorial focuses on introducing clinicians working with pediatric feeding clients to DST. To establish a foundational understanding, a clear definition of DST is offered, and its key tenets are described. Pediatric feeding specific examples are offered for each tenet to increase comprehensibility. DST is then used to describe the general process of development as well as the development of feeding behaviors and skills. Finally, clinical applications of DST for assessment and treatment of pediatric feeding disorders are discussed. DST is growing in its use in pediatric feeding research and is extendable to clinical practice. This tutorial emphasizes the dynamic nature of feeding development; the importance of holistic, family-centered care; and the potential for changes in clinical practices to better support families from this theoretical lens.
Zero‐trust‐based security model against data breaches in the banking sector: A blockchain consensus algorithm
Authors: Chaudhry Umair B. , Hydros Aysha K. M.
Published: March 2023

Cyber security in the banking sector is of high importance nowadays. The rate of cyberattacks is spiking every year, and the implementation of strong cybersecurity models is required to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of data. Since protecting a bank requires a wide range of security practices, this paper focuses on protecting the bank resources from malicious actors and securing the transactions using a blockchain consensus mechanism that uses a zero‐trust security approach among the participants in the transaction. In addition to the framework, an algorithm for blockchain‐based online transactions was designed to make use of practical implementation in the future. The ideas formulated during the research and literature review were integrated to design the framework and the algorithm. The proposed framework ensures that the security of the banking sector can be enhanced by adopting the zero‐trust concept and blockchain technology. The consensus algorithms used for the transaction make it immutable and decentralized. Zero‐trust principles adopted in the model ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the banking system.
Brain targeting based nanocarriers loaded with resveratrol in Alzheimer's disease: A review
Authors: Jalili Cyrus , Kiani Amir , Gholami Mohammadreza , Bahrehmand Fariborz , Fakhri Sajad , Kakehbaraei Somayeh , Kakebaraei Seyran
Published: March 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the chief neurological difficulties in the aged population, identified through dementia, memory disturbance, and reduced cognitive abilities. β‐amyloid (Aβ) plaques aggregations, generation of reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial dysfunction are among the major signs of AD. Regarding the urgent need for the development of novel treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, researchers have recently perused the function of natural phytobioactive combinations, such as resveratrol (RES), in vivo and in vitro (animal models of AD). Investigations have shown the neuroprotective action of RES. This compound can be encapsulated by several methods (e.g. polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), solid lipid nanoparticles, Micelles, and liposomes). This antioxidant compound, however, barely crosses the blood–brain barrier (BBB), thereby limiting its bioavailability and stability at the target sites in the brain. Thanks to nanotechnology, the efficiency of AD therapy can be improved by encapsulating the drugs in a NP with a controlled size (1–100 nm). This article addressed the use of RES, as a Phytobioactive compound, to decrease the oxidative stress. Encapsulation of this compound in the form of nanocarriers to treat neurological diseases to improve BBB crossing is also discussed.
Spatial multiplexing in near field MIMO channels with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces
Authors: Bartoli Giulio , Abrardo Andrea , Decarli Nicolo , Dardari Davide , Di Renzo Marco
Published: March 2023

We consider a multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) channel in the presence of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). Specifically, our focus is on analysing the spatial multiplexing gains in line‐of‐sight and low‐scattering MIMO channels in the near field. We prove that the channel capacity is achieved by diagonalising the end‐to‐end transmitter‐RIS‐receiver channel, and applying the water‐filling power allocation to the ordered product of the singular values of the transmitter‐RIS and RIS‐receiver channels. The obtained capacity‐achieving solution requires an RIS with a non‐diagonal matrix of reflection coefficients. Under the assumption of nearly‐passive RIS, that is, no power amplification is needed at the RIS, the water‐filling power allocation is necessary only at the transmitter. We refer to this design of RIS as a linear, nearly‐passive, reconfigurable electromagnetic object (EMO). In addition, we introduce a closed‐form and low‐complexity design for RIS, whose matrix of reflection coefficients is diagonal with unit‐modulus entries. The reflection coefficients are given by the product of two focusing functions: one steering the RIS‐aided signal towards the mid‐point of the MIMO transmitter and one steering the RIS‐aided signal towards the mid‐point of the MIMO receiver. We prove that this solution is exact in line‐of‐sight channels under the paraxial setup. With the aid of extensive numerical simulations in line‐of‐sight (free‐space) channels, we show that the proposed approach offers performance (rate and degrees of freedom) close to that obtained by numerically solving non‐convex optimization problems at a high computational complexity. Also, we show that it provides performance close to that achieved by the EMO (non‐diagonal RIS) in most of the considered case studies.
The phase spiral in Gaia DR3
Authors: Antoja T. , Ramos P. , García-Conde B. , Bernet M. , Laporte C. F. P. , Katz D.
Published: March 2023

Aims. We aim to study the phase spiral in the Milky Way (MW) disc with data from the third data release of Gaia (DR3) and use it as an inference tool to decipher the late-time evolution of the Galaxy.

Methods. We used an edge-detection algorithm to find the border of the phase spiral, allowing us to robustly quantify its shape at different positions and for different selections. We calculated the time of onset of the phase-mixing by determining the different turns of the phase spiral and using the vertical frequencies from commonly used models of the gravitational potential of the MW.

Results. We find that the phase spiral extends down to −1.2 kpc in height below the plane (about 3–5 scale heights of the thin disc) and beyond ±50 km s−1 in VZ. We see a secondary branch mostly at positive vertical velocities when coloured by azimuthal velocity and in the counts projection. We also find complex variations of the phase spirals with angular momentum and azimuth. All these findings are possible evidence of multiple perturbations (from different times or from different perturbers) and/or of the complexity of the phase-mixing process. We detect the phase spiral from 6 to 11 kpc from the Galactic centre and find signatures of vertical asymmetries 1–2 kpc beyond this range. We measure small but clear variations with azimuth. When we determine the phase mixing times from the phase spiral at different angular momenta and using the different spiral turns (at different Z), we obtain inconsistent times with systematic differences (times increasing with |LZ| and with |Z|). Our determinations are mostly in the range of [0.3–0.9] Gyr, with an average of 0.5 Gyr. The inconsistencies do not change when using different commonly used potential models for the MW, different stellar distances, or frequencies for different kinetic temperatures; they could stem from the inconsistency of the assumed gravitational potentials with the true MW, and from oversimplification of the modelling, in particular where self-gravity is neglected or where multiple perturbations and/or interference with other processes are not considered.

Conclusions. The wealth of information provided by the new Gaia DR3 data should encourage us to make progress in crucial modelling aspects of the disc dynamics, such as non-equilibrium, self-gravity, propagation of different types of bending waves, and interactions between different mechanisms. Such advancements could finally enable us to establish the origin of the phase spiral and its relation to the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy.
Empirical determination of the lithium 6707.856 Å wavelength in young stars
Authors: Campbell-White Justyn , Manara Carlo F. , Sicilia-Aguilar Aurora , Frasca Antonio , Nielsen Louise D. , Christian Schneider P. , Nisini Brunella , Bayo Amelia , Ercolano Barbara , Ábrahám Péter , Claes Rik , Fang Min , Fedele Davide , Gameiro Jorge Filipe , Gangi Manuele , Kóspál Ágnes , Maucó Karina , Petr-Gotzens Monika G. , Rigliaco Elisabetta , Robinson Connor , Siwak Michal , Tychoniec Lukasz , Venuti Laura
Published: March 2023

Absorption features in stellar atmospheres are often used to calibrate photocentric velocities for the kinematic analysis of further spectral lines. The Li feature at ∼6708 Å is commonly used, especially in the case of young stellar objects, for which it is one of the strongest absorption lines. However, this complex line comprises two isotope fine-structure doublets. We empirically measured the wavelength of this Li feature in a sample of young stars from the PENELLOPE/VLT programme (using X-shooter, UVES, and ESPRESSO data) as well as HARPS data. For 51 targets, we fit 314 individual spectra using the STAR-MELT package, resulting in 241 accurately fitted Li features given the automated goodness-of-fit threshold. We find the mean air wavelength to be 6707.856 Å, with a standard error of 0.002 Å (0.09 km s−1), and a weighted standard deviation of 0.026 Å (1.16 km s−1). The observed spread in measured positions spans 0.145 Å, or 6.5 km s−1, which is higher by up to a factor of six than the typically reported velocity errors for high-resolution studies. We also find a correlation between the effective temperature of the star and the wavelength of the central absorption. We discuss that exclusively using this Li feature as a reference for photocentric velocity in young stars might introduce a systematic positive offset in wavelength to measurements of further spectral lines. If outflow tracing forbidden lines, such as [O I] 6300 Å, is more blueshifted than previously thought, this then favours a disc wind as the origin for this emission in young stars.
Zunehmende Luftnot und wechselnde Gelenkbeschwerden
Authors: Lehnert Nikolas Malte , Behr Jürgen , Tufman Amanda , Briegel Ignaz , Dinkel Julien
Published: March 2023

Bei rheumatologischen Erkrankungen soll immer die Möglichkeit einer Lungenmanifestation überprüft werden. Eine interstitielle Lungenerkrankung kann in diesen Fällen häufig letal enden. Im vorgestellten Fall ist der Zusammenhang der progredienten Dyspnoe und der neu aufgetretenen Hautirritationen als besonders wichtig zu sehen. Hier konnte durch eine rasche Therapie mit Immunsuppression und Plasmapherese ein gutes Ergebnis erzielt werden.
The Frequency of Atopic Diseases and Metabolic Conditions in Patients
with Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Cross-Sectional Clinical Trial with a Review of
Literature
Authors: Yilmaz Ebru , Eren Orhan
Published: March 2023

Introduction The immunological paradigm Th1/Th2 predicts a
negative association between autoimmune (Th1) and atopic (Th2) diseases. In
contrast to the Th1/Th2 paradigm, some of the latest evidence suggests
the probability of coexistence of autoimmune diseases with atopic disorders.
Therefore, this trial aims to investigate the frequency of atopic disorders and
metabolic conditions in patients with AS and compare them with those in control
groups.

Materials and methods A total of 563 AS patients (group 1) were matched in
a 1:1 ratio with patients suffering from chronic low back pain due to
intervertebral disc prolapse (group 2) utilizing gender and age as paired
variables. Atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis
(AR) and asthma were investigated in all groups. Also, metabolic conditions such
as hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperlipidaemia (HPL) and
hypothyroidism (HPT) were examined in all groups.

Results The mean age was 42.86±11.04 years in both study groups.
In all groups, 47.1% were female and 52.9% were male. The mean
duration of disease was 10.51±8.93 years in the AS group. HLA-B27 was
positive in 70.2% of the patients in the AS group. The adjusted odds
ratios for patients with AS compared to controls were 1.47 (1.20–1.80)
for AD, 1.76 (1.60–1.95) for AR, and 1.79 (1.57–2.05) for
asthma. The adjusted odds ratios for patients with AS compared to controls were
1.09 (95% CI 0.87–1.38) for HT, 1.03 (95% CI
0.76–1.39) for DM, 1.22 (95% CI 0.80–1.87) for HPL, and
1.62 (95% CI 1.04–2.54) for HPT. There was a statistically
significant distinction between groups, and the frequency of AD, AR, asthma and
HPT was higher in patients with AS compared with the control group
(p<0.05).

Conclusion According to the findings of this study, which are compatible
with the literature, patients with AS have an increased frequency of atopic
diseases as well as hypothyroidism. The tissue injury resulting from chronic
inflammation in AS patients could be related to atopic disorders and
hypothyroidism. In other words, the pathogenic pathways causing chronic
inflammation in these diseases may interfere with each other.
Management of Through-and-Through Oromandibular Defects after Segmental Mandibulectomy with Fibula Osteocutaneous Flap
Authors: Mathews Saumya , Jaiswal Dushyant , Yadav Prabha , Shankhdhar Vinay Kant , Hadgaonkar Sumit , Mantri Mayur , Bindu Ameya , Pilania Vineet , Mohammad Arbab , Escandón Joseph M.
Published: March 2023

Background Oromandibular defects involving the external skin are a reconstructive challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the use of the fibula osteocutaneous free flap (FOCFF) for through-and-through oromandibular defects by comparing the surgical outcomes and complications of different techniques to close the external skin defect.

Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of patients who underwent reconstruction of through-and-through oromandibular defects after oncologic segmental mandibulectomy between January 2011 and December 2014. Five groups were analyzed according to the method of external skin coverage: primary closure, locoregional flaps, deepithelialized double-skin paddle FOCFF (deEpi-FOCFF), division of the skin paddle for double-skin paddle FOCFF (div-FOCFF), and a simultaneous second free flap. Intraoperative and postoperative outcomes along with complications were analyzed between groups.

Results A total of 323 patients were included. The mean total defect area requiring a simultaneous second free flap was larger in comparison to other groups (p < 0.001). Reconstructions performed with div-FOCFF had a higher number of perforators per flap when compared with deEpi-FOCFF (p < 0.001). External defects closed with another free flap exhibited higher intraoperative time for the reconstructive segment in comparison to other groups (p < 0.05). The overall rate of complications was comparable between groups (24%, p = 0.129).

Conclusion The FFOCF is a reliable alternative to harvesting multiple simultaneous free flaps for through-and-through oromandibular defects. The authors recommend appropriate curation of the surgical plan based on individual patient characteristics and reconstructive requirements.
Birth Weight and Gestational Age as Modifiers of Rehospitalization after Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Admission
Authors: Moreno Tatiana , Ehwerhemuepha Louis , Devin Joan , Feaster William , Mikhael Michel
Published: March 2023

Objective This study aimed to assess interaction effects between gestational age and birth weight on 30-day unplanned hospital readmission following discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Study Design This is a retrospective study that uses the study site's Children's Hospitals Neonatal Database and electronic health records. Population included patients discharged from a NICU between January 2017 and March 2020. Variables encompassing demographics, gestational age, birth weight, medications, maternal data, and surgical procedures were controlled for. A statistical interaction between gestational age and birth weight was tested for statistical significance.

Results A total of 2,307 neonates were included, with 7.2% readmitted within 30 days of discharge. Statistical interaction between birth weight and gestational age was statistically significant, indicating that the odds of readmission among low birthweight premature patients increase with increasing gestational age, whereas decrease with increasing gestational age among their normal or high birth weight peers.

Conclusion The effect of gestational age on odds of hospital readmission is dependent on birth weight.

Key Points
Zimbabwean civil society survival in the post-coup environment: a political settlements analysis
Authors: Dendere Chipo , Taodzera Shingirai
Published: March 2023

The political environment in post-independence Zimbabwe has been very hostile for interest groups, particularly since 2000 when civil society actions and opposition political activity formidably challenged the power and dominance of the ZANU PF party. However, the 2017 ouster of Robert Mugabe gave rise to renewed hope for political change. Using the political settlements theoretical framework, and data obtained from interviews with Zimbabwean civil society leaders, studies of legal documents, and government pronouncements, we analyze the changes in the relationship between the state and civil society groups during President Emmerson Mnangagwa’s regime. We find that, while civil society faced restrictions during Mugabe's tenure, their existence is now under much more scrutiny under Mnangagwa’s militarized government. This is because authoritarian regimes are more likely to increase the suppression of citizen voices when faced with growing citizen engagement.
Band-to-band tunneling switches based on two-dimensional van der Waals heterojunctions
Authors: Chava Phanish , Fekri Zahra , Vekariya Yagnika , Mikolajick Thomas , Erbe Artur
Published: March 2023

Quantum mechanical band-to-band tunneling is a type of carrier injection mechanism that is responsible for the electronic transport in devices like tunnel field effect transistors (TFETs), which hold great promise in reducing the subthreshold swing below the Boltzmann limit. This allows scaling down the operating voltage and the off-state leakage current at the same time, and thus reducing the power consumption of metal oxide semiconductor transistors. Conventional group IV or compound semiconductor materials suffer from interface and bulk traps, which hinder the device performance because of the increased trap-induced parasitics. Alternatives like two-dimensional materials (2DMs) are beneficial for realizing such devices due to their ultra-thin body and atomically sharp interfaces with van der Waals interactions, which significantly reduce the trap density, compared to their bulk counterparts, and hold the promise to finally achieve the desired low-voltage operation. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on such devices, with a major focus on heterojunctions made of different 2DMs. We review different types of emerging device concepts, architectures, and the tunneling mechanisms involved by analytically studying various simulations and experimental devices. We present our detailed perspective on the current developments, major roadblocks, and key strategies for further improvements of the TFET technology based on 2D heterojunctions to match industry requirements. The main goal of this paper is to introduce the reader to the concept of tunneling especially in van der Waals devices and provide an overview of the recent progress and challenges in the field.
Asymmetric thermal rectifier with designed in-plane temperature gradient zones for thermoelectric generator
Authors: Lv Xueqian , Li Tian , Jiang Weitao , Liu Hongzhong , Wang Xunhan , Fang Yi , Yin Lei , Shi Yongsheng , Chen Bangdao , Liu Xiaokang , Peng Donglin , Chen Jinju
Published: March 2023

Temperature difference and its duration are two main factors that affect thermoelectric performance. One can obtain the desired temperature distributions by manipulating heat flow directions; however, it is generally neglected when designing thermoelectric generators (TEGs). In this study, thermal rectifiers work in forward directions to produce in-plane temperature differences (ΔTh), where hot and cold zones are, respectively, provided by the small terminals of rectifiers and gaps between these areas. Thermoelectric legs placed above are arranged in an “X”-shape, keep TEGs' internal resistances, and have a stable range from 0.7 to 2 Ω; even heating temperatures Th have a significant range from 30 to 80 °C. When the rectification coefficient of thermal rectifiers was 1.63 and the thickness of thermoelectric legs decreased from 1 mm to 10 μm, simulated-ΔTh in the steady state rises from 2.62 to 27.10 °C rather than falling. An experimental thermal rectifier with a PI film thickness of 25 μm demonstrates that ΔTh can reach up to 14.7 °C, and the time duration is more than 60 s, where Th and ambient are 50 and 20 °C, respectively. The maximum output power can reach up to 92.48 μW when the temperature bias between Th and ambient increases to 65.33 °C. These novel thin-TEGs with designed in-plane temperature gradient zones by asymmetric thermal rectifiers are expected to be applied in distributed sensors, wearable devices, etc.
Effect of magnetic disorder on Cr interaction with 1/2⟨111⟩ screw dislocations in bcc iron
Authors: Casillas-Trujillo Luis , Alling Björn
Published: March 2023

We investigate how the magnetic state influences the interaction of Cr substitutional impurities with ½⟨111⟩ screw dislocations in bcc Fe via density functional theory (DFT). We compare the paramagnetic state, modeled with a non-collinear disordered local moment (DLM) model, with the ferromagnetic state. In a previous work [Casillas-Trujillo et al., Phys. Rev. B 102, 094420 (2020)], we have shown that the magnetic moment and atomic volume landscape around screw dislocations in the paramagnetic state of iron are substantially different from that in the ferromagnetic state. Such a difference can have an impact in the formation energies of substitutional impurities, in particular, magnetic solutes. We investigate the formation energies of Cr solutes as a function of position with respect to the screw dislocation core, the interaction of Cr atoms along the dislocation line, and the segregation profile of Cr with respect to the dislocation in paramagnetic and ferromagnetic bcc iron. Our results suggest that with increasing temperature and connected entropic effects, Cr atoms gradually increase their occupation of dislocation sites, close to twice the amount of Cr in the DLM case than in the ferromagnetic case, with possible relevance to understand mechanical properties at elevated temperatures in low-Cr ferritic steels in use as structural materials in nuclear energy applications.
Effects of shape on the optical properties of CdSe@Au core-shell nanocomposites
Authors: Bergaga Garoma Dhaba , Ali Belayneh Mesfin , Debela Teshome Senbeta
Published: March 2023

We studied the local field enhancement factor (LFEF), absorption, and extinction cross sections of spherical, cylindrical, oblate, and prolate core–shell nanocomposites (NCs) theoretically and numerically using the quasi-static approach. By solving Laplace’s equations, we obtained expressions for the LFEF, polarizability, absorption, and scattering cross sections for each of the core–shell NCs. We found that the LFEF, absorption, and extinction cross section of spherical and cylindrical core–shell NCs possess two peaks whereas oblate and prolate spheroids show three observable peaks. Moreover, the prolate core–shell spheroid shows greater tunability and larger intensity of the LFEF than its corresponding oblate structure. Furthermore, spherical nanoshells are characterized by the higher LFEF than cylindrical and spheroidal core–shells of the same size and composition. When compared, even the smallest value of the LFEF of the spherical core–shell is 11.42 and 10.09 times larger than the biggest values of oblate and prolate core-shells, respectively. The study also indicated that for spherical and cylindrical NCs, the first two peaks of the LFEF and extinction cross sections are achieved at the same corresponding frequencies. Furthermore, all peaks of the extinction cross sections of the prolate spheroid are found to be the lowest while those of the cylindrical peaks are the highest. Where there are an equal number of peaks of different shapes, the peak values are different, showing that shapes of core–shell NCs determine the intensity, the number, and the positions of peaks of the LFEF and optical cross sections. Such NCs are promising for applications in optical sensing, bio-sensing, and electronic devices. Especially, gold coated core–shell spheroids have good potential applications in multi-channel sensing.
Optimized design of the ion optics based on the over-perveance characteristics of the beam current
Authors: Chen Juanjuan , Guo Ning , Geng Hai , Hu Jing , Wang Yanlong , Yang Hao
Published: March 2023

To illustrate the erosion mechanism of the edge aperture by high-energy ions, a three-dimension simulation model was established, and a particle-in-cell method was applied in tracking the hitting processes as well as a Monte Carlo collision method was used to deal with the particles’ collision. Numerical results showed that the potentials interacted among the sheaths of adjacent holes and the beam ions were over-focused in the accelerator gap, causing some ions to be intercepted on the downstream wall of the decelerator grid. This was a typical under-perveance characteristic of the beam current, operating at significantly less than the optimal perveance and corresponding to lower beam currents than optimal combination, which pushed the sheath to the left farther into the plasma. The farther the grid was, the more serious erosion patterns developed. In addition, the charge exchange ions were attracted and bombarded on the decelerator and the accelerator grids, respectively. The ion optics of the 30 cm ion thruster was optimized from four-zone to three-zone, where the plasma density upstream of the screen grid was increased by 1.5% and the perveance characteristics of the beam ions were improved such that many ions struck the edge hole. The background pressure was reduced from 3.0 × 10−3 to 8.0 × 10−4 Pa to decrease the erosion depths of the grids caused by the charge exchange ions, about 9.09% and two orders of magnitude, respectively, for the accelerator and decelerator grids.
Massive, soft, and tunable chiral photonic crystals for optical polarization manipulation and pulse modulation
Authors: Chen Chun-Wei , Feng Ting-Mao , Wu Chih-Wei , Lin Tsung-Hsien , Khoo Iam Choon
Published: March 2023

Photonic crystals enable modulation of light waves in space, time, and frequency domains; in particular, chiral photonic crystals are uniquely suitable for polarization rotation and switching of complex vector fields. Current development of chiral photonic crystals, nevertheless, are still confronted with limitations of one form or the other such as large optical losses, limited or absence of tunability, narrow operation bandwidth, and/or insufficient optical thickness for practical implementation. In this work, we show that cholesteric liquid crystals as 1D tunable chiral photonic crystals are promising alternatives to not only address all these issues and deficiencies but also enable new photonic applications in wider temporal and spectral realms. Our work entails a detailed study of the dynamical evolution of cholesteric helical self-assembly and defect formation in the bulk of thick cholesteric liquid crystals under various applied electric field conditions and a thorough exploration of how applying fields of vastly different frequencies can eliminate and/or prevent the formation of unremovable defects and to control the alignment of cholesteric helices in the entire bulk. We have developed a dual-frequency field assembly technique that enables robust room-temperature fabrication of stable well-aligned cholesteric liquid crystals to unprecedented thickness (containing thousands of grating periods) demanded by many photonic applications. The resulting chiral photonic crystals exhibit useful much-sought-after capabilities impossible with other existing or developing chiral photonic crystals—compactness (single, flat, millimeter-thick optical element), high transmission, dynamic tunability, large polarization rotation, and various switching/modulation possibilities for ultrafast and continuous-wave lasers in the visible, near- and mid-infrared regimes.
Numerical modeling and quantification of droplet mixing using mechanowetting
Authors: De Jong Edwin , Van Der Klok Mark L. , Den Toonder Jaap M. J. , Onck Patrick R.
Published: March 2023

Capillary forces are often found in nature to drive fluid flow, and methods have been developed aimed to exploiting these forces in microfluidic systems to move droplets or mix droplet contents. Mixing of small fluid volumes, however, is challenging due to the laminar nature of the flow. Here, we show that mechanowetting, i.e., the capillary interaction between droplets and deforming surfaces, can effectively mix droplet contents. By concentrically actuating the droplet, vortex-like flow patterns are generated that promote effective mixing. To quantify the degree of mixing, we introduce two strategies that are able to determine mixer performance independent of the initial solute distribution within a droplet, represented by single scalars derived from a matrix-based method. We compare these strategies to existing measures and demonstrate the full decoupling from the initial condition. Our results can be used to design efficient mixers, featuring mechanowetting as a new enabling technology for future droplet mixers.
High open-circuit voltage in single-crystalline n-type SnS/MoO3 photovoltaics
Authors: Suzuki Issei , Lin Zexin , Nogami Taichi , Kawanishi Sakiko , Huang Binxiang , Klein Andreas , Omata Takahisa
Published: March 2023

It has been recently reported that n-type single crystalline SnS exhibits a large band bending (∼1 eV) at the interface with MoO3, which is a large work function material. In this study, we applied this interface to solar cells for the first time and evaluated its photovoltaic properties. The highest VOC achieved was 437 mV. Although this value is the highest ever recorded for SnS solar cells, it was lower than the expected value of 700–800 mV. The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) was 4.4%. Based on an analysis of the device parameters, we propose methods for improving the device performance, including VOC, the short-circuit current, and PCE. The carrier-collection length of the n-type SnS single crystals was estimated to be ∼200 nm based on the external quantum efficiency measurements. Therefore, this study demonstrates that the VOC of SnS solar cells can be improved by fabricating a junction with MoO3 thin films.
Biosafety risk assessment of gold and aluminum nanoparticles in tumor-bearing mice
Authors: Zhu Ge , Li Zhihan , Zhang Yuning , Meng Xiandi , Guan Meng , Hu Zheng , Yang Yong-Guang , Liu Kun , Sun Tianmeng
Published: March 2023

To improve the biosafety of the nanodelivery system, this study developed novel monodisperse spherical aluminum nanoparticles (Al NPs) and evaluated their cytotoxicity in vitro and distribution and biotoxicity in vivo. Compared with gold nanoparticles of the same size, Al NPs not only had low cytotoxicity in vitro but also did not cause accumulation in major organs in vivo after intravenous injections. No significant abnormalities were observed in the serum biochemical indices of mice injected with Al NPs. Additionally, no substantial changes occurred in the histopathology of major organs, and no apparent biological toxicity was measured after consecutive injections of Al NPs. These results indicate that Al NPs have a good biological safety and provide a new method for developing low-toxicity nanomedicine.
Pulse-width dependence of spin–orbit torque switching in Mn3Sn/Pt thin films
Authors: Kobayashi Yuta , Shiota Yoichi , Narita Hideki , Ono Teruo , Moriyama Takahiro
Published: March 2023

Spin–orbit torque (SOT) switching in chiral antiferromagnets, such as D019-Mn3Sn, has opened prospects in antiferromagnetic spintronics. In this paper, we investigated the critical switching voltage as a function of the voltage pulse width in order to explore the thermal stability factor Δ in the D019-Mn3Sn. Although the critical switching voltage is found to decrease with increasing the voltage pulse width as expected by the thermally activated switching process with Δ of 131.1 at 300 K, our detailed examinations reveal that the Joule heating due to the voltage pulse could induce the magnetic phase transition in the D019-Mn3Sn, which significantly alters the energy landscape relevant to the SOT switching. This assisting mechanism for the SOT switching inhibits an accurate determination of Δ but could deliver a smaller Δ than the actual. Our study provides cautionary note in estimating the thermal stability of the chiral antiferromagnets.