bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Comparison of Fractional Order Controllers in the Stability of a Two-Area Multi-Source Power System
Authors: Naga Sai Kalyan Ch. , Bajaj Mohit , Varshney Niharika , Singh Arvind R.
Published: September 2024

The dynamic stability of the realistic two-area multi-source (TAMS) power system is appraised under the control of various fractional order controllers (FOC) in present work. Initially, the area-1 of TAMS is subjugated with 10% step load disturbance (SLD), and its dynamic variations are comparatively analyzed under the performances of FOPI, FOPID, and tilt-integral-derivative-filter (TIDF) controllers individually. Moreover, the controllers are individually optimized with the fruit fly algorithm (FFA), and the simulation results demonstrated that the TAMS power system stability is effectively controlled with the TIDF controller. Taken the communication time delays (CTDs) with TAMS to bring the investigative analysis near to the real-time environment, and its significant impact on the system stability is showcased. Further, the two areas are integrated with the battery energy storage (BES), and the Thyristor-controlled phase shifter (TCPS) is placed with the tie-line to enforce them as the territory control approach. Simulation analysis revealed an enhancement in TAMS system behavior with the deployment of the BES-TCPS strategy.
Investigation of Non-Newtonian Flow Behavior in Oldroyd-B Ternary Nanofluid: Analyzing the Thermal Efficiency of Solar Radiation on Water Pumping Systems
Authors: Obalalu A. M , Fatunmbi Ephesus O. , Bhakuni Abhijit Singh , Bajaj Mohit , Abdul-Yekeen A. M. , Ojewola O. B
Published: September 2024

Solar water pump plays an important role in utilizing renewable energy for several purposes, such as irrigation farming, community water supply and livestock watering. Regardless of the positive influence they have on the environment, these systems often experience difficult related to energy inefficiency. Therefore, the main prospective of this research to tackle this difficulty by investigating the potential of Oldroyd-B Ternary nanofluid to increase the heat transport efficiency and performance of SWP systems. The Ternary nanofluid consists of Silicon Dioxide (siO2), Silver (Ag), Copper (Cu) nanoparticles suspended in Water (H2O). Also, the employment of O-BHNF flowing in parabolic trough surface collector (PTSC) used inside SWP has been developed to evaluate thermal efficacy The wavelets and the Chebyshev Wavelet method is utilized to compute the numerical solutions. The outcome indicate that the temperature distribution boosted as the solar radiation parameter increases. The mixture of sio2+ Ag + Cu/H2o ternary nanofluid leads to high thermal radiative performance compared to hybrid with Ag + Cu/H2o.
Solar Powered Air Filter System
Authors: Alfoni Jose K. , Bhanu Sai Krishna K. , Uma Maheswari G. , Ramu D. , Pramodh M.
Published: September 2024

In the present scenario, it is crucial to develop an air filtration system capable of evaluating air quality in any given environment. This system utilizes a high-capacity energy source to assess its efficacy, effectively addressing pollution indoors and outdoors. Air pollution stems from the release of harmful substances, including gases, particles, and biological agents, into the atmosphere, resulting in various health issues for humans such as diseases, allergies, and even fatalities. Additionally, it adversely impacts animals, crops, and both natural and man-made surroundings. Human activities and natural occurrences contribute to air pollution. The primary objective of this study is to design a solar-powered air purification setup incorporating an Arduino Nano and a PM 2.5 air filter. This system seeks to enhance outdoor air quality by harnessing renewable energy, of fering an environmentally friendly approach to combatting air pollution.
Energy management system for small scale hybrid wind solar battery based microgrid
Authors: Balasundaram N. , Sivalingam K. , Mahendar A. , Hassan Muntather M. , Swaraja K.
Published: September 2024

Microgrids, comprised of distributed generation, loads, and storage, are gaining traction due to their efficiency. However, integrating variable renewables like wind and solar necessitates smart management systems. This paper proposes an efficient strategy for a small-scale hybrid microgrid incorporating wind, solar, and battery storage. The system utilizes power converters, control algorithms, and controllers to seamlessly integrate these renewables with battery storage. Researchers are actively developing control strategies to address this complexity. This research simulates a wind-solar-battery microgrid to analyze its performance under various conditions. The simulation focuses on managing energy flow in both isolated (standalone) and grid-connected modes. Additionally, it explores controlling the battery’s state of charge (SOC).This approach ensures balanced power flow and reliable microgrid operation. The effectiveness of the control algorithms is validated through simulations using Matlab.
Investigation of prefabricated concrete slabs for interior and exterior walls
Authors: Balasundaram N. , Sivalingam K. , Kasu Yamini , Polepaka Sanjeeva , Hamza Laeth H. J.
Published: September 2024

As of now, observational connections that habitually neglect to satisfactorily communicate the intricacy of the genuine mathematical format and reaction to stack conditions are the reason for precast supported substantial construction association plans. Be that as it may, late improvements in mathematical demonstrating of these associations have made it conceivable to everything being equal and precisely portray the disappointment system welcomed on by high stacking conditions. A careful computational model of a few joint disappointment causes in precast substantial structures is introduced in this examination. The kind of joints thought about in this study are built up wall-to-floor joints, whether they have supported grout filler material. The model is believed to be two- layered and to match the plane strain circumstance. Nonlinear limited component examination is utilized to evaluate crack peculiarities with legitimate stipend for complex stacking and dumping cycles by using multiaxial stress-strain regulations. to accomplish the expected degree of exactness while mathematically portraying the built up substantial medium’s break. This model suggests that the crack follows the chief strain heading and shifts with time. An iterative methodology is utilized to tackle the nonlinear issue. Elements of the mathematical arrangement incorporate the development of stress shapes in the association and the graphical portrayal of the break designs.
Evaluate the physiochemical properties of municipal solid waste: Salem city
Authors: Kumar N. Praveen , Bandhavi Ch. , Abbas Haider M. , Singh Devendra , Kumar K.N.S.L.
Published: September 2024

One of the biggest environmental issues facing Indian cities is the handling of municipal solid trash. Residents are put in danger when municipal solid waste (MSW) is not managed properly. Numerous studies show that around 90% of MSW is disposed of in an improper manner in landfills and open dumps, endangering the environment and human health. The present paper offers an evaluation of Salem City’s current state of municipal solid waste management. The amount and make-up of MSW differ from location to location, however they generally correlate with the average level of living Field studies were conducted for disposal site characterization, quantification, and physicochemical composition analysis. Research conducted in these areas has shown that the current methods for controlling the MSW have several flaws. These flaws mostly relate to a lack of personnel, funds, tools, and equipment needed to complete the many MSWM tasks in an efficient manner. Several MSW treatment technologies are assessed critically, including their benefits and drawbacks. The report ends with a few insightful recommendations that might help motivate the relevant authorities and experts to continue improving the current system.
Enhancing the quality of industrial wastewater by using natural membranes
Authors: Hemalatha A. , Hussain Muhamed , Venkatesh M. , Bhargavi Y. Krishna , Misra Neeti
Published: September 2024

The entire world is facing a water crisis due to population growth as well as global warming. The maximum quantity of water is utilized for industrial and agricultural purposes. Based on these causes, each nation focuses on wastewater recycling techniques. Researchers have innovated a myriad of wastewater treatment methods, along with natural and artificial methods. Apart from this, cost plays a major role in the massive waste water treatment process. By considering the factor generally, the water treatment projects effectively concentrated on assigning natural and easily available materials. This research focuses on industrial wastewater treatment. A water purification process is meant to remove or reduce contaminants in water until it is safe to use. In addition to increasing the odour and flavour of the water, the purification procedures used in this experiment will help to eliminate pollutants and give it a cleaner appearance. This procedure employs natural membranes such as coconut coir, charcoal, and fine sand. This strategy is simple and preferred by anyone owing to the low cost and local availability of the required supplies. On observing the experimental test results, the natural membrane materials provide an effective performance change in the properties of waste water within acceptable limits.
An Experimental Design Frame for Active Dam Reserve Ratio Forecasting Using Neural Networks
Authors: Mizrak Ozfirat Pinar , Ari Didem
Published: September 2024

Today, one of the important and frequently spoken problems of the world is global warming and climate change. Due to these subjects, water drought and scarcity may become a trouble in the future. To prevent these problems, scientific studies are being carried out, solutions are being recommended and preventive applications are developing. In this study, to examine and foresee the decrease in water resources, active dam reserve ratio is considered and estimated using artificial neural networks. Time series analysis is performed using the active dam reserve ratio of Guzelhisar Dam, located in city of Izmir, Turkiye. Active reserve ratio data between 2012 and 2023 are considered on monthly basis. Since the data set displays high seasonality, this cyclic effect is extracted out of the data to get non-seasonal series. Then, using non-linear autoregressive artificial neural network method, both original seasonal data and non-seasonal data is forecasted. Three parameters are considered for neural network models: Input neurons, middle layer neurons and backpropagation algorithm. Results are compared according to mean absolute percent error. In the result, values of parameters to give minimum error are presented. In addition, performances of backpropagation algorithms are compared.
Rarely studied asymmetric peaks found to improve subsurface imaging
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: September 2024

Contact resonance atomic force microscopy utilizing Fano peaks can improve subsurface measurements for precision manufacturing and optics.
AQUILA: A laboratory facility for the irradiation of astrochemical ice analogs by keV ions
Authors: Rácz R. , Kovács S. T. S. , Lakatos G. , Rahul K. K. , Mifsud D. V. , Herczku P. , Sulik B. , Juhász Z. , Perduk Z. , Ioppolo S. , Mason N. J. , Field T. A. , Biri S. , McCullough R. W.
Published: September 2024

The detection of various molecular species, including complex organic molecules relevant to biochemical and geochemical processes, in astronomical settings, such as the interstellar medium or the outer solar system, has led to the increased need for a better understanding of the chemistry occurring in these cold regions of space. In this context, the chemistry of ices prepared and processed at cryogenic temperatures has proven to be of particular interest due to the fact that many interstellar molecules are believed to originate within the icy mantles adsorbed on nano- and micro-scale dust particles. The chemistry leading to the formation of such molecules may be initiated by ionizing radiation in the form of galactic cosmic rays or stellar winds, and thus, there has been an increased interest in commissioning experimental setups capable of simulating and better characterizing this solid-phase radiation astrochemistry. In this article, we describe a new facility called AQUILA (Atomki-Queen’s University Ice Laboratory for Astrochemistry), which has been purposefully designed to study the chemical evolution of ices analogous to those that may be found in the dense interstellar medium or the outer solar system as a result of their exposure to keV ion beams. The results of some ion irradiation studies of CH3OH ice at 20 K are discussed to exemplify the experimental capabilities of the AQUILA as well as to highlight its complementary nature to another laboratory astrochemistry setup at our institute.
Analysis of optical loss thresholds in the fusion-based quantum computing architecture
Authors: Melkozerov Aleksandr , Avanesov Ashot , Dyakonov Ivan , Straupe Stanislav
Published: September 2024

Bell state measurements (BSMs) play a significant role in quantum information and quantum computing, in particular in fusion-based quantum computing (FBQC). The FBQC model is a framework for universal quantum computing, provided that we are able to perform entangling measurements, called fusions, on qubits within small entangled resource states. Here, we analyze the usage of different linear-optical BSM circuits as fusions in the FBQC schemes and numerically evaluate hardware requirements for fault-tolerance in this framework. We examine and compare the performance of several BSM circuits with varying additional resources and estimate the requirements on losses for every component of the linear-optical realization of fusions under which errors in fusion networks caused by these losses can be corrected. Our results show that fault-tolerant quantum computing in the FBQC model is possible with currently achievable levels of optical losses in an integrated photonic implementation, provided that we can create and detect single photons of the resource states with a total marginal efficiency higher than 0.973.
Nonlinear dynamics of steady oblique rolls in rotating magnetoconvection: Pattern transition, flow multiplicity and hysteresis
Authors: Sharma Lekha , Pal Pinaki , Ghosh Manojit
Published: September 2024

We report results of the numerical investigation carried out to discern the instabilities and pattern transitions near the onset of rotating magnetoconvection (RMC) using the plane layer Rayleigh–Bénard geometry when both rotation and magnetic field are comparable and nonparallel. A parametric study has been conducted for this purpose by varying the Taylor number (Ta, strength of rotation), the Chandrasekhar number (Q, strength of the magnetic field), and the Prandtl number (Pr) in the ranges of 2.5×103≤Ta≤3×104, 0<Q≤100, and 0.38≤Pr≤0.7, respectively. Our analyses reveal the presence of two structurally distinct oblique rolls at the onset of convection, namely, positive oblique roll (SOR+) and negative oblique roll (SOR−) that lie at angles ±γ with the magnetic field. The appearance of these two oblique rolls is found to divide the (Q, Ta) plane into three regions where SOR+, SOR−, and double-roll (both SOR+ and SOR−) emerge as the primary states. With the increasing Rayleigh number (Ra), the SOR− goes through subsequent transitions to produce a plethora of flow patterns in the form of secondary and higher order states. On the contrary, for all (Ta, Q), the SOR+ does not go through any bifurcation when it appears as the primary state and remains stable in the entire range of Ra considered in this study. We find that the Nusselt number (Nu) corresponding to both SOR+ and SOR− scales as Nu∼1+rα, where r=Ra/Rac is the reduced Rayleigh number with Rac being the critical Rayleigh number for the onset of convection. However, while the value of α is found to vary non-monotonically with Q for SOR−, it remains constant (α=0.9) for SOR+. At certain parameter values, we find the emergence of steady or time-dependent finite amplitude flow states in the form of transverse rolls (TR), parallel rolls (PR), and bifurcating states of SOR+. The appearance of these finite amplitude states leads to the phenomena of flow multiplicity, accompanied by the hysteresis in certain parameter regimes where two or more states coexist depending on the history of the preceding states. Finally, we uncover the effect of Pr on the oblique roll instability at the onset of convection. We find that at low Pr, the onset of convection can be subcritical depending on Ta and Q; finite amplitude steady oblique roll persists there. However, as either of Ta, Q, and Pr increases, the subcritical convection inhibits and supercritical convection takes place.
Influence of wall thickness on the rupture risk of a patient-specific cerebral aneurysm: A fluid–structure interaction study
Authors: Valeti Chanikya , Bolem Srinivas , Alagan Azhaganmaadevi K. , Sudhir B. J. , Kannath Santhosh K. , Akhade Bhushan , Matham Gowtham , Krishnakumar K , Patnaik B. S. V.
Published: September 2024

Cerebral aneurysms are the bulges in arteries that have the potential to rupture, as thin-walled regions of an aneurysm are more vulnerable. Understanding the correlation between the wall thickness and the corresponding wall stresses can facilitate better prediction using fluid–structure interaction tools. However, obtaining the actual in vivo wall thickness variation of the aneurysm dome and neck is vital for an accurate prediction of wall stresses. Invasive methods of obtaining wall thickness variation of an abnormal artery may further aggravate the rupture risk of these aneurysms. Modeling aneurysmal wall thickness reconstruction, closer to the in vivo conditions from the histopathological slices, is an apt approach to follow. To this end, the present study performs a comparative assessment of uniform, variable, and patient-specific wall thickness on the hemodynamic and biomechanical wall stresses. Simulations show that maximum wall stresses for the uniform, variable, and patient-specific wall thickness are 13.6, 27.6, and 48.4 kPa, respectively. The maximum wall displacements for the uniform, variable, and patient-specific wall thickness were observed to be 58.5, 126, and 162 μm, respectively. It is observed that the uniform wall thickness model is conservative and underestimates the risk in the prediction of biomechanical stresses and wall displacements. Thinner wall regions experience higher stress for the same internal pressure than thicker wall regions, indicating regions that are more susceptible to rupture. The generation of a variable wall thickness model was observed to be an apt approach, as patient-specific wall thickness information can only be retrospective in the current scientific scenario.
Sheet model description of spatiotemporal evolution of upper-hybrid oscillations in an inhomogeneous magnetic field
Authors: Rathee Nidhi , Dutta Someswar , Srinivasan R. , Sengupta Sudip
Published: September 2024

Spatiotemporal evolution of large amplitude upper-hybrid oscillations in a cold homogeneous plasma in the presence of an inhomogeneous magnetic field is studied analytically and numerically using the Dawson sheet model [J. Dawson, Phys. Fluids 5, 445–459 (1962)]. It is observed that the inhomogeneity in magnetic field, which causes the upper-hybrid frequency to acquire a spatial dependence, results in phase mixing and subsequent breaking of the upper-hybrid oscillations at arbitrarily low amplitudes. This result is in sharp contrast to the usual upper-hybrid oscillations in a homogeneous magnetic field, where the oscillations break within a fraction of a period when the amplitude exceeds a certain critical value [R. C. Davidson, Methods in Nonlinear Plasma Theory (Academic, New York, 1972)]. Our perturbative calculations show that the phase mixing (wave breaking) time scales inversely with the amplitude of magnetic field inhomogeneity (Δ) and amplitude of imposed density perturbation (δ) and scales directly with the ratio of magnetic field inhomogeneity scale length to imposed density perturbation scale length [(α/kL)−1] as ωpeτmix∼(1+β2)3/2kL/(β2δΔα), where β is the ratio of electron cyclotron frequency to electron plasma frequency. Further phase mixing time measured in simulations, performed using a 1–1/2 D code based on the Dawson sheet model [J. Dawson, Phys. Fluids 5, 445–459 (1962)], shows good agreement with the above-mentioned scaling. This result may be of relevance to plasma based particle acceleration experiments in the presence of a transverse inhomogeneous magnetic field.
Numerical study of mean and turbulent flow adjustments in open channels with limited near-bank vegetation patches
Authors: Liu Mengyang , Huai Wenxin , Tang Hongwu , Wang Yisen , Yuan Saiyu
Published: September 2024

Artificially planted nearshore limited-size vegetation patches are widely used as near-natural measures for bank protection and habitat creation, highlighting the importance of understanding their impact on local flow structures. This study conceptualizes a square vegetation patch located near the sidewall of an open channel as a porous array composed of rigid cylinders of equal diameter. Large eddy simulation is conducted to investigate the effects of varying vegetation density (λ) on the mean and turbulent flow fields. Differences caused by stem arrangement patterns are also considered. The simulation results indicate that, at λ ≥ 0.097, the group effect of the array becomes apparent, forming corner recirculation vortices upstream of the array, which contribute to flushing low-velocity fluid from lower heights to near the water surface, and a patch-scale horseshoe vortex system. Both the flow deflection occurring upstream of and within the array intensify with increasing vegetation density. For the same λ value, vegetation patches with stems arranged in a linear pattern experience weaker lateral flow deflection but stronger lateral shear layer turbulence compared to those with staggered arrangements. No recirculation bubbles were observed in the mean flow field downstream of the porous array within the parameter range covered, due to strong longitudinal bleeding flow. Compared to a solid square cylinder of the same size, the porous patch reduces bed shear stress near both sidewalls while only considerably increasing bed shear stress in the center of the channel. Additionally, the staggered arrangement pattern achieves the same reduction in bed shear stress with a lower vegetation density compared to the linear arrangement with a higher λ value.
Hemodynamic predictors of cerebral aneurysm rupture: A machine learning approach
Authors: Zakeri Mostafa , Aziznia Mohammad , Atef Amirhossein , Jafari Azadeh
Published: September 2024

Cerebral aneurysms, a common yet silent condition, affect many people worldwide. Proper treatment selection is crucial because the disease's severity guides the course of treatment. An aneurysm in the Circle of Willis is particularly concerning due to its potential for rupture, leading to severe consequences. This study aims to predict the rupture status of cerebral aneurysms using a comprehensive dataset of clinical and hemodynamic data from blood flow simulations in real three-dimensional geometries from past patients. The Carreau–Yasuda model was used to capture the effects of shear thinning, considering blood as a non-Newtonian fluid that affects the hemodynamic properties of each patient. This research provides insights to aid treatment decisions and potentially save lives. Diagnosing and predicting aneurysm rupture based solely on brain scans is challenging and unreliable. However, statistical methods and machine learning (ML) techniques can help physicians make more confident predictions and select appropriate treatments. We used five ML algorithms trained on a database of 708 cerebral aneurysms, including three clinical features and 17 hemodynamic parameters. Unlike previous studies that used fewer parameters, our comprehensive prediction approach improved prediction accuracy. Our models achieved a maximum accuracy and precision of 0.79 and a recall rate of 0.92. Given the condition's critical nature, recall is more vital than accuracy and precision, and this study achieved a fair recall score. Key features for predicting aneurysm rupture included aneurysm location, low shear area ratio, relative residence time, and turnover time, which significantly contributed to our understanding of this complex condition.
Experimental investigation on enhancing oil recovery using magnetic nanofluid as fracturing fluid in tight oil reservoir
Authors: Jia Xiaohan , Luo Mingliang , Luo Shuai , Si Xiaodong , Fan Qiao , Wang Kai , Li Yuchi , Lv Yuanjia
Published: September 2024

The potential of magnetic nanofluids as fracturing fluids in tight oil reservoir development is investigated. Hydrophobic magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are synthesized using a chemical co-precipitation method and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and scanning electron microscopy. A magnetic nanofluid is prepared as a pad fracturing fluid in accordance with the aforementioned methodology. Significantly, the effects of homogeneous and heterogeneous magnetic fields were evaluated on oil recovery and formation damage through core flooding experiments. The synthesized MNPs are hydrophobic, 20 nm in diameter, and stabilized by one layer of surfactant molecules in an aqueous solution. The nanofluid exhibits a relatively higher oil recovery than the surfactant solution because of its superior function of wettability alteration. The chaining behavior of MNPs under homogeneous magnetic fields leads to severe particle retention in the pore throats, which results in a significant decrease in core permeability. In contrast, the magnetic force gradient is unique to heterogeneous magnetic fields, resulting in a 40% increase in oil recovery at a magnetic intensity of 900 G near the core, while the permeability reduction is negligible. In conclusion, the retention of nanoparticles in pore throats represents a significant obstacle to the application of nanotechnology in tight reservoirs. The utilization of hydrophobic MNPs in conjunction with heterogeneous magnetic fields presents a potential solution to this conundrum.
A voicing rule for non-continuant obstruents in Thebo Tibetan
Authors: Yang Daxue , Tshering Sangsrgyas , Gates Jesse P.
Published: September 2024

Voicing alternation and the function of Tibetan verbal prefixes are two problems that have attracted scholars of
Tibetan and Sino-Tibetan linguistics for over a century. This article presents a voicing rule in Thebo Tibetan and systematically
analyzes the verb paradigm to explain the constraints for this rule and its apparent exceptions. The latter part of this article
analyzes the evolution of the verbal paradigm from Old Tibetan to Thebo, using a model based on exceptions, sound laws, and
analogy, and proposes the derived direction of the irregular verbal alternations in Thebo. The main contribution of this study is
to provide additional evidence in solving the enigma of directionality for voicing alternation in Tibetan.
Named entities as potentially problematic items in corpora
Authors: Kaunisto Mark
Published: September 2024

This chapter discusses problems in the interpretation of
corpus data arising from the insufficiencies in the annotation of named
entities. Many corpora nowadays still do not adequately enable corpus users
to set up queries that would exclude items appearing in names when needed to
improve precision of the searches. Through an examination of case studies in
major English language corpora, the chapter highlights the need to carefully
post-process the search results, as irrelevant occurrences of named entities
may pose challenges in the analyses of word frequencies and their
collocational behaviour. The chapter calls for more detailed annotation of
named entities in already available large linguistic corpora and reminds of
the importance of close inspection of the search hits.
Conformal Killing gravity: pp-waves; multiple matter sources
Authors: Barnes Alan
Published: September 2024

Recently Harada proposed a gravitational theory which is of third order in the derivatives of the metric tensor. This attracted some attention particularly as it predicts a late-time transition from cosmological deceleration to accelerated expansion without assuming the presence of dark energy or a non-zero cosmological constant. This theory has been dubbed conformal Killing gravity (CKG). The most general exact solutions of the Harada field equations are known for a number of important physical situations: homogeneous and isotropic cosmological models, static spherically symmetric vacuum and electrovac spacetimes. These are analogues of the well-known FRWL, Schwarzschild and Reissner–Nordström metrics of general relativity (GR). In this paper a subclass of pp-waves are studied and the most general exact solution obtained together with its specialization for plane waves. The generalization from GR to Harada’s theory is straightforward. The solutions have Petrov type N or 0 and the Ricci tensor is either zero or the Segré type is [(211)] with zero eigenvalue. For any metric in CKG it is shown that more than one possible matter source can generate the solution. If the metric admits one or more Killing vectors or Killing tensors, the ambiguity in the possible matter sources increases.
Design of systems for plasma activated water (PAW) for agri-food applications
Authors: Misra N N , Naladala Tejas , Alzahrani Khalid J
Published: September 2024

This review explores the engineering and design aspects of plasma activated water (PAW) systems, focusing on their application in food safety and agriculture. This review aims to bridge the gap between research and practical application, paving the way for the development of robust and efficient PAW systems for enhancing food safety and agricultural productivity. By examining a variety of activation methods, including direct gas ionization, underwater discharges, and dynamic interactions of ionized gases with liquids, this work discusses the mechanical designs that facilitate these processes, highlighting their scalability and efficiency. The discussion is grounded in a comprehensive relevant scientific and patent literature, offering a critical overview of the systems’ design parameters that influence the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). The designs reported in literature have employed three major approaches, viz. direct underwater discharges, gas ionization followed by introduction of plasma into the liquid, creation of gas liquid mixtures and subsequent ionization. The laboratory systems have relied on natural convective diffusion of the RONS into water, while most of the patents advocate use of forced convective diffusion of RONS to increase transfer rates. Despite widespread laboratory-scale research in PAW, the transition to industrial-scale systems remains underexplored.
Enhanced vibration energy harvesting from coupled pendulums through inertial amplifiers
Authors: Kattimani R S , Malaji P V , Chappar S S , Adhikari S
Published: September 2024

Achieving higher power output across a broader frequency spectrum presents a significant challenge for vibration energy harvesters aimed at powering low-powered devices from ambient sources. This study introduces the novel concept of employing inertial amplifiers to couple mistuned pendulum electromagnetic harvesters for enhanced energy harvesting performance. A mathematical model elucidating the inertial amplifier mechanism is developed, and analytical results are compared against conventional uncoupled harvesters. Experimental studies demonstrated up to 1.8 times higher power output and a 2-fold increase in operational frequency bandwidth compared to uncoupled harvesters when employing inertial amplifier coupling. The proposed inertially coupled harvester design offers a powerful solution to significantly improve energy transduction levels and extend the viable frequency range, enabling efficient scavenging of ambient vibrations for powering wireless sensors and low-power electronics.
Programming the deformation of the temperature driven spiral structure in 4D printing
Authors: Lin Liulan , Yan Jiajie , Qiu Shaolong
Published: September 2024

Achieving shape programming of 4D printed actuators by varying the manufacturing process parameters. In this study, the effect of different path combinations on structural deformation was investigated. By altering the driving layer, passive layer, and grid angle, the spiral deformation direction of the double-layer structure was precisely controlled. Additionally, a finite element analysis model was established to predict the deformation behavior of PLA-based spiral structures. Furthermore, the influence of printing speed, nozzle temperature, line width, layer height, and plate temperature on the spiral curvature of the structure was examined. The results show that increasing printing speed and plate temperature can improve the spiral behavior of the structure, whereas increasing line width, layer height, and nozzle temperature have opposite effects. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted on the five printing parameters to predict their influence on the spiral curvature of the structure, and a predictive model for the spiral deformation was developed. The structure was partitioned for design purposes, aiming to achieve diverse deformations of the actuator under the same geometric configuration. A loop-shaped actuator was designed to capture objects. The results showed that the path combination determined the spiral direction of the actuator, while the forming parameters effectively controlled the spiral curvature of the actuator.
On the interpretation of mean-square displacement in heterogeneous systems
Authors: Li Ming-Gen , Xing Rui , Fan Li-Ming , Hu Meng , Bao Jing-Dong , Li Peng-Cheng
Published: September 2024

When dealing with heterogeneous systems, interpreting the mean-square displacement (MSD) data appropriately is crucial. This is due to the limitation that the various interpretations of stochastic differential equations with state-dependent diffusivity may yield the same MSD data, leading to erroneous conclusions. Aided by analytical MSD solutions supported by Langevin simulations, we explore this limitation in diffusion processes exhibiting power-law state-dependent diffusivity,

D
0

|

x

/

L

|

−
2
μ

, with diffusion constant D
0 and scaling index µ. We find that distinct interpretations leading to same MSD data possess different D
0 values. A method is introduced to discern these D
0-dependent interpretations. When applying the method to subdiffusion MSD data, we observe interpretation transitions depending on the value of the anomalous diffusion coefficient. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these D
0-dependent interpretations respond diversely to memory effects, which may also be used to decide on the interpretation of MSD data. We believe that these findings offer insights for interpreting MSD data in heterogeneous systems.
The electrodynamic analysis and manipulation of PEGDA semicircular tubular structures based on optically induced dielectrophoresis
Authors: Yang Wenguang , Wang Wenhao , Teng Xiangyu , Qiao Zezheng , Yu Haibo , Cai Shuxiang
Published: September 2024

The manipulation of micron-scale semicircular tubular structures has wide applications in micro-nano processing, device manufacturing, biomedicine, and micron sensing and measurement. Here, we propose a method to fabricate and manipulate semicircular tubular structures based on optically induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP). First, electric field intensity simulations are performed for polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) semicircular tubular structures with different conductivities and of different heights. In addition, the polarization model based on slender rods reveals that the semicircular tubular structure is subject to a negative dielectrophoretic force and tends to move along the vertical direction of the central axis. Finally, according to the maximum movement speed of the semicircular tubular structure, the resistance and dielectrophoretic force it receives are characterized. This allows for the realization of the translation and rotation operations of semicircular tubular structures of different lengths, and the assembly of multiple structures into different shapes. This assembly method holds significant promise for applications in biomedicine and the manufacturing and processing of micro-nano devices.
Investigation into geometric configurations and electronic properties of CeO2-supported gold clusters
Authors: Shu Pengli , Tian Xin , Guo Qiang , Ren Xiaosen , Zhao Bohui , Wen Huanfei , Tang Jun , Li Yanjun , Yasuhiro Sugawara , Ma Zongmin , Liu Jun
Published: September 2024

A detailed understanding of the geometric structure and electronic properties of gold nanoparticles on the ceria surface is crucial for comprehending their unique catalytic activity. Using the first-principles method based on density functional theory, the adsorption of Aux (x = 1–4) clusters on the CeO2(111) surface was studied. It was discovered that the standing configurations of Au2 and Au3, as well as the tetrahedral structure of Au4, are the most stable adsorption structures. The stability of these configurations is jointly determined by the number and strength of Au-Au bonds, the Au-O bonding energy, and the interaction dynamics between the clusters and the substrate. The analysis of Bader charge, difference charge density and density of states suggested that lattice relaxation and electronic localization occur in the reduced Ce3+. The reduced amount and location of Ce3+ are significantly influenced by the position and charge transfer amount of Aux cluster. The adsorption of CO on Au4/CeO2(111) indicated that stronger Au-C bonding energy due to the hybridization of Au-5d and C-2p, thereby enhancing the catalytic activity for CO oxidation reactions.
A study on the synthesis of superheavy element Mc (Z = 115) using lead, bismuth and actinide targets
Authors: Safoora V , Jose Tinu Ann , Santhosh K P
Published: September 2024

The evaporation residue cross sections in synthesizing isotopes of superheavy element Mc (Z = 115) by the hot fusion reactions 48Ca+241,243Am→289,291Mc, 45Sc+240,242,244Pu→285,287,289Mc, 50Ti+236,237Np→286,287Mc, 51V+238U→289Mc, 36S+253Es→289Mc, 46K+248Cm→294Mc, and by the cold fusion reactions 78As+208Pb→286Mc, 76Ge+209Bi→285Mc have been systematically investigated using the phenomenological model for production cross section. We have predicted the most effective projectile-target combinations for synthesizing Mc isotopes among these reactions. Our result shows that the 3n- channel cross section is larger for the reaction 48Ca+243Am→291Mc, and the 4n- channel cross section is larger for the reaction 46K+248Cm→294Mc. This study also examines the effect of the use of mass values and shell corrections by the Möller and Warsaw groups. Using our predicted combinations and the cross section values at a range of excitation energies, we hope these isotopes of Mc can be synthesized in near-future experiments.
Cosmological probes of Dark Radiation from Neutrino Mixing
Authors: Allali Itamar J. , Aloni Daniel , Schöneberg Nils
Published: September 2024

Models of stepped dark radiation have recently been found to have an important impact on
the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background, aiding in easing the Hubble tension. In this
work, we study models with a sector of dark radiation with a step in its abundance, which
thermalizes after big bang nucleosynthesis by mixing with the standard model neutrinos. For this,
we extend an earlier work which has focused on the background evolution only until the dark sector
thermalizes by deriving the full background and perturbation equations of the model and
implementing them in an Einstein-Boltzmann solving code. We expound on the behavior of this model,
discussing the wide range of parameters that result in interesting and viable cosmologies that
dynamically generate dark radiation during a range of epochs. We find that for the strongly
self-coupled regime, there is no large cosmological impact for a tight prior on the mass, whereas
larger mass ranges allow a smooth interpolation between a behavior close to the ΛCDM
cosmological standard model and close to an additional component of strongly self-interacting dark
radiation. In the weakly self-coupled regime we find that we can accommodate a parameter space
relevant for the neutrino anomalies as well as one relevant to easing the Hubble tension.
Multi-amplifier Sensing Charge-coupled Devices for Next Generation Spectroscopy
Authors: Lin Kenneth W. , Karcher Armin , Guy Julien , Holland Stephen E. , Kolbe William F. , Nugent Peter E. , Drlica-Wagner Alex , Botti Ana M. , Tiffenberg Javier
Published: September 2024

We present characterization results and performance of a prototype Multiple-Amplifier Sensing (MAS) silicon charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor with 16 channels potentially suitable for faint object astronomical spectroscopy and low-signal, photon-limited imaging. The MAS CCD is designed to reach sub-electron readout noise by repeatedly measuring charge through a line of amplifiers during the serial transfer shifts. Using synchronized readout electronics based on the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument CCD controller, we report a read noise of 1.03 e− rms pix−1 at a speed of 26 μs pix−1 with a single-sample readout scheme where charge in a pixel is measured only once for each output stage. At these operating parameters, we find the amplifier-to-amplifier charge transfer efficiency (ACTE) to be >0.9995 at low counts for all amplifiers but one for which the ACTE is 0.997. This charge transfer efficiency falls above 50,000 electrons for the read-noise optimized voltage configuration we chose for the serial clocks and gates. The amplifier linearity across a broad dynamic range from ∼300 to 35,000 e− was also measured to be ±2.5%. We describe key operating parameters to optimize on these characteristics and describe the specific applications for which the MAS CCD may be a suitable detector candidate.
Growth of stimulated Raman instability by a density-modulated electron beam in laser-plasma interactions
Authors: Yadav Pinki , Gupta Devki Nandan , Sharma Jyotsna
Published: September 2024

A way to enhance the growth of stimulated Raman instability in laser-plasma interactions was investigated. This relies on the application of density modulation of a co-propagating electron beam in plasmas. In the stimulated Raman scattering process, an electromagnetic pump wave decays into a low-frequency wave and a scattered electromagnetic sideband wave. In this process, the pump wave produces an oscillatory velocity associated with the plasma electrons and the beam electrons. These oscillatory velocities combine with the existing low-frequency mode, producing ponderomotive force that drives high-frequency sideband waves. The sidebands couple to the pump wave, driving the beam-mode. A modulation of the electron beam density enhances the growth rate of the instability. The theoretical calculations show about 40% enhancements in growth of Raman instability at resonance (where the electron beam density modulation parameter approaches to unity) for the plasma density of the order of 1018 cm−3.
Optical phase image encryption using stokes parameters and singular value decomposition
Authors: Vardhan Harsh , Sivarajan Aswathi K , Sakshi  , Reddy Salla Gangi , Kumar Ravi
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we propose an optical asymmetric phase image encryption method in which the vectorial light field is used to encode the data. In transverse plane, the vectorial light field has spatially varying polarization distributions where we are allowed to have a greater number of degrees of freedom. In this scheme, the input image is first phase encoded and then modulated by a phase encrypting key, synthesized from the speckles obtained by the scattering of Hermite–Gaussian beams. The modulated image is further processed using fractional Fourier transform with a specific order (α). A pixel scrambling operator is utilized to increase the randomness to further enhance the security and singular value decomposition approach is employed to add the nonlinearity in the encryption process. Now, the stokes parameters, i.e. S
1 and S
2 are calculated using the light intensities correspond to different polarizations. S
1 is used as the encrypted image for transmission and S
2 is reserved as one of the private decryption keys. The robustness of the proposed technique is tested against various existing attacks, such as known plaintext attack, chosen plaintext attack, and contamination attacks. Numerically simulated results validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.
Optical microscope with nanometer longitudinal resolution based on a Linnik interferometer
Authors: Anishchik Sergei V , Dantus Marcos
Published: September 2024

A widefield microscope based on a Linnik interferometer was designed, constructed, and tested. The phase-shifting and polarized single-shot methods were used to measure interference patterns. Both methods use a low-coherence light-emitting diode as the light source, achieving a resolution of 10 nm in the Z direction and diffraction-limited resolution in the X and Y directions. The single-shot method is vibration-insensitive, allowing for the observation of moving objects. The simplicity and low cost of this instrument make it valuable for a wide range of applications.
Optimization design of 500 kV double grading ring suspension composite insulator with ZnO microvaristor layers based on VSCSA
Authors: Li Jun , Xu Hong
Published: September 2024

The use of microvaristor layers is an electric field control method for composite insulators. It can reduce the electric field stresses to prevent the extension of the composite insulator surface discharges and the complete flashover caused by the subsequent development of arcing. In order to improve the performance of composite insulators, a 500 kV double grading ring suspension composite insulator structure with ZnO microvaristor layers is proposed and optimized by Variable Step Crow Search Algorithm (VSCSA). A 2D axisymmetric simulation model is constructed by COMSOL, and then VSCSA is used to optimize the geometric dimensions of insulators, grading rings and microvaristors through the joint simulation of COMSOL and MATLAB. The electric field of composite insulators under clean and uniform contaminated conditions before and after optimization is studied. The results show that the optimized design can reduce the electric field strength of composite insulators under clean and uniform contaminated conditions. It is also proved that the injection of ZnO microvaristor layers into the double grading ring suspension composite insulator can improve the performance of the insulator. The research provides a new method for the design and optimization of high voltage composite insulators, which is of great significance.
Writing My Brother’s Story
Authors: Slate Nico
Published: September 2024

What does it mean for a white historian to write a memoir about his mixed-race older brother? Examining the challenge of writing across the borders of race and history and drawing on the work of memoirists and historians who have written about their own family histories, this essay reflects on memory, guilt, and gratitude.