bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of the gaseous emission of toxic substances in the “Curva de Rodas” sanitary landfill in Medellín
Authors: García Rentería Francisco Fernando , Agudelo García Rubén Alberto
Published: July 2024

Results of the investigation conducted at the sanitary landfill Curva de Rodas, aimed to determine the emission and migration of toxic substances are presented. Traces of bencene, toluene, hexane, vinyl chloride and xilene were found. Concentrations of these substances were, however, below threshold limits at the landfill and below detectable limits in the air of populated areas adjacent to the sanitary landfill.
Toxic effect evaluation of the lead acetate and chromium chloride on anaerobic bacterial metabolism
Authors: Wills Beatriz , Naranjo Fernando
Published: July 2024

The toxicity of trivalent chromium and lead to anaerobic sludge system was studied. Performed assay was tested in 60 mL serum vials, the toxicity test to succeed in two steps, first with formic acid and then whey powder as a substrate. Anaerobic toxicity assays were performed taking into account, methane gas production and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) rate, these tests were considered a useful indicator for monitoring a anaerobic sludge suffering from toxicants, over 72 hours with metals dosage against the control. First of all, exploratory assays in order to know different chromium and lead concentrations were carried out. The assays degradation activity reduced methane by 50% that came into contact with 3.322 mg Cr3+/L and 1.415 mg Pb/L and 2.291 mg Cr3+/L and 1.982 mg Pb/L with formic acid and whey powder as a substrate respectively. Heavy metal concentrations that caused 50% inhibition of methanogenesis during whey and formic acid methanation indicated that toxicity decreased in order Pb>>Cr.
Study of dioxin levels in releases to the atmosphere from the use of secondary fuels in cement kilns during clinker formation
Authors: Abad Holgado Esteban , Martínez Karell , Rivera Aranda Josep
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of dioxins in the emission levels to the atmosphere by using some waste materials, such as used tires or meat meal, as secondary fuel during the production of clinker. For this purpose, three different cement plants operating in Spain were chosen to perform the project in different sampling episodes. Moreover, different materials were separately evaluated in each plant. Thus, the first plant included the addition in the kiln of meat meal. In the second plant, rejected tires were checked and finally, in the third plant a mixture of both, tires and meat meal, were burned. In all cases, the emission values of dioxins, kept below the limits established by European Union Directives of 0,1 ng I-TEQ/Nm3 with values ranging between 0,001 and 0,042 ng I-TEQ/Nm3 . Furthermore, no remarkable differences were found in comparison with reported data obtained in spanish cement kiln plants when using conventional fuel.
Technological capabilities: strategic component of the competitiviness
Authors: Tapias García Heberto
Published: July 2024

This paper presents an explanatory model for the dynamics of the competitiveness of companies and national economies. The model is based on approaches and theories about competitiveness, as well as new theories of growth, the theory of technological capabilities and the notion of national innovation systems. It is argued that the competitiveness stems from a complex and dynamic interaction process of physical, economical, social, institutional, scientific and technological capabilities, scattered in the productive sector, in educational and technological development institutions, in intermediary and supporting institutions, and in the public administration. It is also suggested that the process of accumulation of technological and innovative capabilities, operating in a virtuous circle accumulation-innovationcompetitiveness-growth-accumulation, can be regarded as the main engine in the dynamics of the complex phenomenon of competitiveness.
Catalytic oxidation of α-pinene with methyltrioxorhenium immobilized onto polymeric resins
Authors: González R. Lina María , Villa de P. Aída Luz , Gelbard Georges , Montes de C. Consuelo
Published: July 2024

The immobilization of methyltrioxorhenium (MTO) on vinylpyridine based resins synthesized by several procedures was investigated. Catalysts were characterized by IR and UV-VIS spectroscopy. Nitrogen and rhenium contents were determined by ICP-MS. The presence of ReO3 and ReO groups in the heterogenized catalysts was determined by FTIR analysis. New bands were observed in the UV-VIS spectra after treating the supports with MTO. The efficiency of incorporation of Rhenium was higher on PVP and CpPVP copolymers, and support oxidation decreased MTO incorporation on the support. Catalysts were tested for α-pinene oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. Low á-pinene (7%) conversions were obtained over PVP supported catalysts but, epoxide selectivity was high (92%). The highest á-pinene conversion, 50%, was obtained over MTO supported on copolymerized and oxidized supports. Epoxide rearrangement products, campholenic aldehyde and sobrerol, were the main products obtained with MeCN/DCM as solvent. In general, the oxidant efficiency was low, and it was favored in terbutanol and ethyl acetate as solvents.
Synthesis methods of new transition metal materials
Authors: Palacio Santos Luz Amparo
Published: July 2024

The main subject of this manuscript is the synthesis of porous solids with transition metals and the evolution of the techniques involved, first, a short but illustrated concepts about transition metals is introduced, emphasizing the importance of oxides in obtaining high technology materials. Subsequently, methods of synthesis and general characteristics are presented. This review can be of great use for the reader interested in solid state synthesis, because the information found in the open literature is very little and fragmented.
Influence of the altitude on the burning velocity of the natural gas
Authors: García Posada Jorge Mario , Amell Arrieta Andrés , Quilindo Valencia Arvey , Henao Vallejo Diego Alberto
Published: July 2024

By the increasing use of natural gas in cities of Latin America located to high altitude, is necessary to study the effect of the altitude on the combustion, for example the burning velocity.
This work is an experimental study of as it changes to the burning velocity with the altitude, being made test in sites with altitude of 40, 550, 1.020, 1.550, 2.040 and 2.550 meters. The result was that the variations are slight.
Equipment for the treatment of melts via mechanical vibrations
Authors: Huţiu Gheorghe , Copaci Ion
Published: July 2024

The present paper describes the assembly of a vibrating equipment. This system has a single degree of freedom and viscous absorption. The vibrations are generated by an eccentric revolving table. The equipment comprises an a.c. motor (Pn = 2,2 Kw, I= 165 A, n = 17.000 r.p.m.), a mechanical vibrating unit, a VLT 5008 Danfoss frequency converter, a Kw 3072 HBM measurement intensifier, an oscilloscope, a B12/1000 HOTTINGER BALOWIN MESS TECHNIK accelerometer, cast iron table, rubber supports. The equipment generates mechanical vibrations which applied to the liquid alloys during solidification alter the solidification conditions and improve the mechanical, tribological, physical and chemical properties of the respective alloys.
Stator fault diagnosis in induction motors using the leakage axial flux
Authors: Villada Fernando , Valencia Diego A. , Muñoz Nicolás
Published: July 2024

This work shows the importance of a predictive maintenance program, the diagnosis techniques and the experimental results obtained from the measurement of the leakage axial flux to diagnosis in order to detect stator winding faults in induction motors. The types of coils designed to capture the axial flux signal and economic considerations to implement this diagnosis technique are also described.
The engineer Leonardo da Vinci
Authors: Valencia Giraldo Asdrúbal
Published: July 2024

A summary of Leonardo da Vinci´s life is presented and many facets of his genius are mentioned. However, emphasis is on his scientific and, mainly, technical concerns. This is done in order to dispassionately weight his actual contributions to engineering. It is concluded that those contributions were much more in the idea field that in practical applications. However, his vision, inquiring mind, and correlation between knowledge, science and praxis, make Leonardo, indeed, the first modern engineer.
Integrated removal of organic load, P, N, on a filters serial system, anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic on dynamic conditions
Authors: Correa Mauricio Andrés , Sierra Jorge Humberto
Published: July 2024

This paper shows the results obtained during the operation under dynamic conditions of a three biofilters serial system, anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic at lab scale to evaluate the N, P, and organic matter removal. The reactors were continuously fed for 200 days, including the adherence and stability periods, with hydraulic retention time among 2,27 and 0,66 d. for the ANABF and among 1,5 and 0,5 d. for the ANXBF. The adherence period was followed by a control of SSV and the DQO removal in each BF. After good results of adherence the system was fed with an initial average volumetric organic load of 0,441 kg DQO/m3/d. and gradually increase during the results of DQO removal over the 50%, until the achievement of the system stability for a maximum organic load of 1,5 kg. The reactor control was made by DQO, PO43-, NTK, NO2-, NO3-, SS and alkalinity, determined at the enter and exit of each reactor. The removal results for the system of growing adherence was among 90-96% for DQO, 80-90% for total P, and 65-70% for total N.
Catalytic oxidation of dichloromethane over sol-gel oxides supported Pd or Ni
Authors: Martínez Leidy Marcela , Montes Consuelo
Published: July 2024

Several supported Pd or Ni catalysts were synthesized by the sol-gel method using ã-alumina, silica, sulfated zirconia and sulfated titania as carriers. The resulting catalysts were characterized by XRD and nitrogen adsorption, and evaluated in the catalytic oxidation of dichloromethane. The effect of different parameters were determined, i.e. method of synthesis, temperature and the type of support. The durability of the best catalyst (0,5% Pd impregnated over sulfated titania) was tested between 300 ºC and 350 ºC during 48 h. Under the conditions of this study, impregnated catalysts exhibited higher activity than those prepared by cogelation. Pd loaded catalysts showed higher conversion into CO2 and HCl. Catalyst activity also increased with increasing temperature. ã-Alumina and sulfated titania showed good activity but, the formation of CO is favored instead of CO2. Therefore, bifunctional catalysts, i.e. containing metallic and acid sites appear to be required for the decomposition of methylene chloride into CO2 and HCl.
Clean production of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)
Authors: Caro Muñoz César Augusto , Sossa Elkin Antonio Alfonso , Montes de Correa Consuelo
Published: July 2024

Methyl ethyl ketone oxime (MEKO) was obtained by reaction of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) with ammonia and hydrogen peroxide using titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) as catalyst. The effect of reaction temperature, type of solvent, molar ratios of NH3/MEK, H2O2/ MEK and mg catalyst/mmol MEK ratio was studied. Water was the most appropriate solvent to obtain high selectivity to oxime. 100% selectivity to MEKO and 60% conversion of MEK was obtained at 70 °C using the following parameters: H2O2/MEK = 0,7 and NH3/MEK = 1,12. mg.catalyst/mmol MEK = 10,5. Little decrease in the catalytic activity was observed after reusing the catalysts twice suggesting that incorporated Ti in the MFI structure is rather stable under the studied conditions.
Performance of silica gel filters used in an air conditioning system based in a vapor compression refrigeration system
Authors: Bula Silvera Antonio José , Juvinao Javier
Published: July 2024

In order to determine the humidity adsorption rate in a filter made out of silica gel, a series of experiments were carried out where the mass of silica gel per unit area and the velocity of the air coming to the filter were studied. The results showed that the amount of humidity removed by the filter increases as the density of silica gel is increased and the velocity of the air is reduced. However, a dimensionless variable obtained between the silica gel and the amount of humidity removed shows that the process is more effective as the density is reduced. The results are presented as a function of time, in a 50 minutes time frame.
Energy savings due to dehumidifiers filters in air conditioning systems using vapor compression refrigeration equipments
Authors: Bula Silvera Antonio José , Méndez Díaz Felipe Andrés
Published: July 2024

Experiments were carried out in order to determine how the performance of a vapor compression air conditioning system is affected by a dehumidifier filter installed before the evaporator. The experiments monitored the energy consumed by the refrigeration system while the latent load was held at high and low levels. It was found that at high latent loads, there are important savings in energy, around 14,5%, while at low latent loads, the energy savings are around 2%.
Method for diffusible hydrogen analysis in welding materials by gas chromatography
Authors: Piloto Rodríguez Ramón , García Hernández Tiel , Basterrechea Rey Mario
Published: July 2024

A new method was developed by gas chromatography for diffusible hydrogen analysis in E-7018 ordinary electrodes, using a packed column and nitrogen as reference and carrier gas. The method includes two thermal treatments to the weld pieces, before and after the welding process.
The quantitative analysis was made using the external standard method. The method is selective, and the linearity is adequate between 0-20 μL of hydrogen, with a dynamic range between 0,69-17,28 μL. The correlation coefficient higher than 0,99 in all cases indicate good correlation. The accuracy has a mean value of 99,46%. The detection and quantification limits have values adequate to our aims. There were found differences between both methods, glycerine and gas chromatography. The developed and proposed method can be used for routine analysis of hydrogen in welding materials using E-7018 electrodes.
The relation between engineering and science
Authors: Valencia Giraldo Asdrúbal
Published: July 2024

Starting from the definition of science it is shown how it is a central fundament of modern engineering. However, science is only one of its components, because long before science was incorporated to engineering this profession already existed as a human endeavour. It is indicated that engineering should not bow to science because the problems it faces and its methods to solve them are of a very different nature. Finally, it is stated that young engineers should not forget the importance of technical and empirical knowledge in the practice of their profession.
Analysis of self-esteem, level of claims and foreign language proficiency of non-linguistic students
Authors: Sheypak Ol’ga A. , Sudilina Elena V.
Published: July 2024

Self-esteem is an important component in every person’s life, which is associated with well-being in life and success in professional activities. If self-esteem is inadequate (overestimated or underestimated), then this negatively affects both the personal and professional spheres of a person. However, self-esteem is a parameter that can be adjusted, since it is not innate, but is formed over the course of life, so inadequate self-esteem can be adjusted. As the analysis of scientific literature in recent years shows, the self-esteem of non-linguistic students is very little studied, whereas this parameter is extremely important to be taken into account. Students should receive not only professional knowledge, but also develop other skills and qualities necessary for a successful specialist, because only deep knowledge of the subject does not guarantee high achievements in profession. In this regard, we decided to conduct a study to see what level of self-esteem students of aerospace specialties have, as well as compare their self-esteem and the level of foreign language proficiency (that is, to identify the relationship between self-esteem and academic performance). The paper also examines the level of students’ claims, which being a fairly important component of self-esteem has an impact on it. The Dembo-Rubinstein method was chosen as the research method. The results of the study have shown that mostly students with high foreign language level have inadequate self-esteem and a level of claims. It means that having high knowledge they do not use their full potential to the maximum. Students with a lower level of a foreign language have, for the most part, adequate self-esteem. This study highlights the need and importance of analyzing students’ self-esteem and, if necessary, subsequent work to correct it.
Using activating methods of teaching artistic design to future interior designers
Authors: Zhdanova Nadezhda S. , Ekaterinushkina Anna V. , Antonenko Yuliya S.
Published: July 2024

Management of student learning has always been in the field of view and discussion of teachers. Today, a lot of diverse experience has already been accumulated; it is presented in a number of publications by different authors. At the same time, the topic is far from being exhausted, because the content of the activity itself makes its own contribution to any methods and recommendations. Each subject area of activity has its own preferences in the use of activating methods, their combinations and places of application. These features have not been sufficiently studied in the professional training of future designers. The purpose of the study is to test the influence of activating teaching methods, thanks to which students intensively master the process of artistic design and demonstrate fairly high results. Preliminary experience in studying the topic indicates that the teacher introduces activating methods into the educational process, and the student, under their influence, successfully develops and performs educational tasks with high quality. To study the influence of activating methods, experimental work was carried out with students studying design. The stages of design and the corresponding methods of the teacher’s activity are considered, which cause the activation of students and lead to an increase in the effectiveness of completed projects, and therefore to a higher quality of professional training.
Features of pragmatic competence development while teaching a foreign language to university students
Authors: Pirogova Nadezhda G. , Rozhkov Grigoriy A.
Published: July 2024

The key objective of the conducted research is to develop methodology of building pragmatic competence while teaching English language to students of Saint Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University (SPCPU). In order to use a language fluently, learners have to study not only forms and meanings in it. Practical experience indicates that the development of pragmatic competence is one of the main aims of teaching a second language. However, only few English course books include this component. The research concentrates on the formation and enhancement of pragmatic competence which includes not only knowledge of the language but also cultural knowledge. Various methods to boost pragmatic competence are given. The results of research with an experimental design revealed that a deliberate focus on pragmatics during English classes was conducive to enhancement of pragmatic competence.
Business game as a pedagogical tool for developing students’ global competencies
Authors: Zhurakovskaya Vera M. , Olicheva Olga A.
Published: July 2024

One of the important tasks of implementing state educational policy is the quality of education, expressed in functional literacy, which also includes the global competencies of students. The paper raises the problem of developing pedagogical tools and conditions that determine the development of global competencies of secondary school students. The aim of the paper is to develop the structure of a business game that determines the development of global competencies of secondary school students, to describe the practical application of the structure of a business game when designing specific business games in the educational practice of a secondary school. The study proposes a new structure of a business game and offers an example of the business game “BRICS Summit”, designed on the basis of this structure. The scientific novelty of the research includes the development of a business game designed on the basis of the integration of scientific approaches: synergetic, activity-based, coaching, the interpenetration of which determined the development of new structural components of a business game focused on the formation of global competencies of students. The theoretical significance of the study was the theoretical principles underlying the structure of the business game, which will contribute to the expansion and enrichment of the theory of design of pedagogical technologies that determine the formation of global competencies of students, and will require the conduct of business games for students in extracurricular activities in the educational process. The practical significance of the study is in practical application of the structure of a business game in the professional activities of a teacher when designing business games as extracurricular activities that determine the formation of global competencies of students. Analysis of business games implementation in an educational organization in extracurricular activities, which determine the formation of students’ global competencies, made it possible to identify the positive dynamics of the development of students’ experience of global thinking and, on this basis, to substantiate the effectiveness of the designed pedagogical tools.
«DEMOCRACY» OR «AUTOCRACY»: HOW TO ESCAPE THE GREY ZONE OF HYBRIDITY
Authors: Ratushnyi Denis ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the current approaches to the study of hybrid regimes, the history of this concept and the problems that arise in connection with the theory of hybrid regimes. The author analyses how the third wave of democratisation has led to the emergence of a «grey zone» between democracies and dictatorships, which in turn has led to the emergence of the theory of hybrid regimes. It is determined that the central issue in the study of hybrid regimes is the notion of democracy and autocracy. The author analyses how the concept of democracy has changed from the minimalist procedural approach of Joseph Schumpeter to the polyarchy of Robert Dahl. Two main approaches to understanding ‘hybridity’ are considered: as the interpenetration of authoritarian and democratic components, and as the superiority of informal rules over formal ones. It is found that the main problem with theories of hybrid regimes is that they focus either on ‘imperfect democracies’ or ‘soft dictatorships’, which leads to an internal contradiction: the theory of hybrid regimes lacks a holistic analysis of hybridity. The author describes how this problem is being addressed by contemporary researchers. The emphasis is placed on Matthijs Bogaards «double-rooted strategy» with a parallel analysis of democracies and autocracies, and Yuri Matsiyevsky’s analysis of the relationship between formal and informal rules. As a result of the study, it is proposed to use the concept of a ‘hybrid regime’ as a starting point for the research, which should prevent bias towards the study of democracies or autocracies. However, the ultimate goal of studying specific political regimes should be their qualification them using dichotomous approach.
SOME ISSUES OF IMPROVING THE ACTIVITIES OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT BODIES OF UKRAINE IN CRISIS CONDITIONS
Authors:   State University of Trade and Economics, Kyiv, Ukraine, Chernysh Yaroslav
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes the main problems and risks that arise in the process of implementing the local self-government reform. In particular, considerable attention is paid to the following main problems: financial decentralization; insufficient level of communication between the authorities and citizens; inconsistency of powers between executive authorities and local self-government bodies, as well as councils of united territorial communities, district state administrations and district councils; issues of capacity of the formed communities; the need to improve the skills of local self-government personnel, and the efficiency of resource use. It was found that there are no and cannot be unified standards for the functioning of local self-government bodies. The experience of foreign countries is undoubtedly useful, but it is necessary to take into account national conditions and realities and to be constantly ready for changes. It is substantiated that, taking into account the experience of European countries and Ukrainian realities, it is necessary to improve local self-government in Ukraine, which includes a number of measures to improve the efficiency, openness and democracy of the system. For example, it is necessary to expand the powers of local authorities by providing them with broader powers to address issues related to economic development, social policy, education, healthcare, etc. The next aspect is financial decentralization. Providing local governments with sufficient financial resources to perform their functions by revising the system of intergovernmental fiscal relations and increasing revenues from local taxes and fees. There have been significant developments in this area, but due to the military operations, this process has been adjusted in accordance with the requirements of the state. It is proved that the decentralization reform is one of the most important for the development of both a separate territorial community and the state as a whole. The consequence of this reform is harmonization between the central government and local governments. Decentralization is a process that constantly needs to be improved, including appropriate levels and forms of interaction between the population and the authorities; consolidation of innovations in the Constitution of Ukraine and elimination of inconsistencies and discrepancies in the regulatory framework; overcoming contradictions between different levels of government; clear division of powers; and creation of conditions for further strengthening the capacities of local self-government bodies.
HUMANITARIAN POLICY AND INFORMATION SECURITY AS MAIN ASPECTS COUNTERACTIONS SPREADING WAR RUSSIA AGAINST UKRAINE
Authors: Turenko Vitalii ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Perepelytsia Nataliia ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: July 2024

The article explores the specific and foundational aspects of humanitarian policy as a crucial element in countering the information warfare conducted by the Russian Federation against Ukraine. Several key considerations in this effort include: 1. Promotion of humanitarian values: аdvocating and supporting humanitarian values such as tolerance, equality, and respect for human rights play a proactive role for the state; 2. Development of educational and cultural initiatives: implementing programs that foster understanding and mutual appreciation among diverse cultures and nationalities is essential. 3. Safeguarding citizens’ rights and freedoms: authorities should take responsibility for protecting fundamental rights and freedoms, including freedom of speech, the right to information, and privacy; 4. Enhancement of media literacy: initiatives aimed at improving media literacy among the population are crucial. individuals with heightened media literacy are less susceptible to manipulation. 5. International collaboration and diplomacy: collaborative efforts and diplomatic endeavors are necessary for exchanging best practices in humanitarian policy and countering information aggression. 6. Provision of humanitarian assistance: offering humanitarian aid and support to those affected by information aggression is vital. The importance of safeguarding both state and personal information cannot be overstated, particularly in light of the increasing prevalence of electronic systems for governance and information exchange, especially amidst the full-scale war Russia is waging against Ukraine. There is an urgent need to bolster measures that ensure the confidentiality and integrity of data to prevent the compromise of sensitive information and maintain trust and efficiency in administrative processes. Furthermore, economic security is a critical concern, as Ukraine’s economic wellbeing relies on defending against cyber threats. Successful cyber attacks can result in data breaches, financial losses, and a decrease in investor confidence, posing a significant risk to economic growth and stability. Therefore, robust information security measures are indispensable for sustaining Ukraine’s economic prosperity.
The influence of the media and the Internet on the formation of the attitude of Russians to their health: a sociological analysis
Authors: Ivakhnenko Galina A.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: An insufficiently high level of public health has a negative impact on social, economic, and political processes in the country and the social structure of Russian society as a whole. Social media institutions (traditional media: television, periodicals, radio) and the Internet are important sources of forming attitudes to health today. The main mass media are television, radio, and periodicals. Currently, the issue of classifying the Internet as a media outlet is being raised, but it has not been definitively resolved.
AIM: The aim is to identify the specifics and significance of the influence of the Internet and traditional media (television, radio, periodicals) on the formation of Russians' value attitude toward their health.
METHODS: The basis was the sources of relevant information: 1) 5 800 web-sites; 2) scientific publications (n=68) of the Russian Science Citation Index, Scopus, Pubmed databases. The sociological method of traditional internal analysis of scientific documents was used to study the empirical material.
RESULTS: In recent years, scientists, both here and abroad, with the help of sociological research, have been trying to find out which sources are most popular among different socio-demographic groups of the population when receiving information. It turned out that for the Russian population as a whole, the most priority source for obtaining general information is television, and the main source of information on the topic of health for Russians is the Internet. The largest number of health websites in the Russian Internet space today is devoted to the topics of cardiovascular, oncological, gastrointestinal, neurological diseases, colds, and influenza. The article analyses in detail the participation of traditional media in the process of forming a caring attitude toward their well-being among Russians. In particular, it is shown that medical issues are currently quite widely represented on television and in print media, and radio is poorly involved in this process. Attention is also paid to the fact that the Internet and domestic mass media can have both positive and negative effects on the dissemination of health information.
CONCLUSION: One of the main conclusions of the article is that the Internet is the most preferred source of health information for Russians today, especially for young people.
A female doctor status in modern Russian healthcare
Authors: Egorskaya Anastasia T. , Zarnitsyna Elena S.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: The paper shows that despite a legal right to gender equality and feminization of medical professions, women doctors are demonstrated to face challenges in their professional activities so far: a woman doctor's wage is by far lower compared to that of a male doctor; there remains the influence of the “glass ceiling” and gender stereotypes that limits the free potential realization of women doctors in the profession, especially in surgical specialties and in leadership positions.
AIM: To determine a female doctor's status in modern Russian healthcare, as well as to evaluate gender inequality among doctors based on a survey conducted among medical students, residents, and doctors.
METHODS: The authors drew up a questionnaire and surveyed medical students, residents, and doctors to estimate the position of a woman doctor in modern Russian medical society.
RESULTS: The majority of the respondents consider gender inequality to exist in medicine; they have encountered the existing stereotypes at work. Tackling the gender discrimination problem by talking to an offender turned out to be the main solution. It is noted that one of the gender stereotypes is associated with the multifunctional social role of women, which causes others to question women's choice of medical profession. At the same time, the majority of respondents believe that building a career in medicine alongside having a family is difficult for both women and men; 30% of respondents say that women experience more difficulties. It is reported that women, unlike men, consider gender a limiting factor when choosing a narrow specialization. The desire to get a leadership position is more common among men (70% of men and 59% of women). The main reason for the reluctance is indifference to leadership positions. The majority of respondents (78%) are not ready to introduce feminitives to ensure gender-inclusive medical professions titles. Despite gender discrimination against female doctors, the majority of respondents (61%) positively assess the future achievement of absolute gender equality in Russian healthcare.
CONCLUSION: The paper concluded the position of a woman doctor in Russia is still far from being respectable and poorly compared to that of a male doctor.
Features of remote monitoring in various clinical sectors
Authors: Demkina Alexandra E. , Korobeynikova Anna N.
Published: July 2024

Modern social trends (an increase in life expectancy and the burden of chronic non-infectious diseases, a request for a personalized approach to diagnosis and treatment) and global political changes lead to systemic changes in the healthcare industry: providing high-quality medical care in new conditions requires the introduction of relevant technological tools. Therefore, great hopes are pinned on the digitalization of healthcare both in solving classic industry problems and in leveling the risks caused by new external conditions.
Remote monitoring is one of the priority areas of digitalization of domestic healthcare. The use of this technology has several advantages: increasing the availability and quality of medical care, optimizing financial costs, and mitigating personnel shortages. Remote monitoring is successfully developing worldwide in various fields: cardiology, endocrinology, pulmonology, obstetrics and gynaecology, palliative medicine, and patient rehabilitation. The emergence of new research allows doctors and healthcare organizers to assess the advantages and disadvantages of using telemedicine technologies as accurately as possible in the process of clinical observation of patients with various nosologies. The rapid development of innovations has shown the multidimensional application of these techniques in practical medicine, which necessitates the generalization and systematization of information on the use of remote monitoring.
Synergetic effects of a low caffeine dose and pre-exercise music on psychophysical performance in female taekwondo athletes
Authors: Delleli Slaheddine , Ouergui Ibrahim , Messaoudi Hamdi , Bridge Craig Alan , Ardigò Luca Paolo , Chtourou Hamdi
Published: July 2024

The ergogenecity of caffeine (CAF) and pre-exercise music have been studied extensively in male and mixed-gender groups, but there is limited information on their synergistic effects in females. This study assessed the effects of combining a low dose of CAF with warm-up music on taekwondo specific performance, perceived exertion (RPE), and psychological aspects in female athletes. In a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study, 16 female taekwondo athletes (M ± SD; age: 17.69 ± 0.60 years) performed the taekwondo-specific agility test (TSAT), 10 s frequency speed of kick test (FSKT-10s) and its multiple version (FSKT-mult) under the following conditions: 1) no supplement with music (NS+M); 2) no supplement without music (control); 3) CAF without music (CAF+NM), 4) placebo without music (PL+NM), 5) CAF with music (CAF+M), 6) PL with music (PL+M). After each test, athletes rated their RPE, feeling scale (FS), felt arousal scale (FAS) and physical enjoyment (PACES). CAF+M induced better physical performance than other conditions on the FSKT-10s, FSKT-mult, and more desirable psychophysiological responses including RPE post_TSAT, RPE post_FSKT-10s, PACES post_FSKT-10s, FS, FAS post_warm-up, FAS post_FSKT-10s and FAS post_FSKT-mult (all p < 0.05). Except for PL+M, CAF+M also elicited more desirable responses than other conditions for FAS post_TSAT (p < 0.05). Furthermore, CAF+M and CAF+NM conditions enhanced TSAT, PACES post_TSAT, RPE post_FSKT-mult greater than the other conditions (p < 0.05). Preceding warm-up music stimulus with a low dose of CAF may be a more efficient strategy to enhance physical performance and affective valence in female taekwondo athletes compared with using either strategy in isolation.
A comparative study of chlorhexidine-coated tulle gras versus polyurethane adhesive film for donor site wound dressing in split skin graft cases
Authors: Vhora Paresh , Baviskar Mayur G. , Vakil Riya B.
Published: July 2024

Background: Restoration of the skin barrier after wounding prevents infection, and minimises wound contraction, cosmetic disfigurement and volume depletion. Skin grafting represents an effective solution for large skin defects. Optimum care for donor-site wounds should promote wound healing cost-effectively while preventing complications like pain, infection, and scarring. Healthcare professionals use various dressings and topical agents, but there is no ideal dressing. In our study, we aim to compare the efficacy of chlorhexidine coated tulle gras (CTG) and polyurethane adhesive film (Opsite) in managing donor site wounds in split skin grafts.
Methods: This study was conducted at the Department of Surgery, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College, a teaching hospital and tertiary care centre in Mumbai, from September 2012 to December 2014, following a prospective observational design, with a sample size of 50 patients.
Results: The study subjects were predominantly in the 20-30 age group (36.0%) and mostly male (72.0%). The Opsite group reported significantly higher comfort scores (56.0%) compared to the CTG group (36.0%, p=0.002). Healing time was significantly shorter in the Opsite group (7.36±0.7 days) compared to the CTG group (9.52±1.39 days, p=0.001). Pain scores were significantly lower in the Opsite group at all observed times. Deviations like soakage and slippage were frequent in the Opsite group (76.0% and 56.0%, respectively).
Conclusions: Opsite has advantages over CTG viz. faster healing and re-epithelization, decreased pain, and greater comfort. However, soakage and exudate formation are seen with Opsite.
Oral health problems and treatment seeking behavior of children during COVID 19 pandemic as perceived by parents- A cross sectional study
Authors: Reshmi J , Ammal Padmakumari Bharathi
Published: July 2024

This study was designed to investigate the impact of COVID 19 pandemic on the oral health status and oral health care use of children from the perspective of parents. The sociodemographic factors that determined the oral health care use and oral health status of children were also investigated.

The decreased health seeking behavior trends of parents during the pandemic could have had its effects on the present oral health problems of children because most of the oral health problems are cumulative in nature.

Designed as a hospital based cross sectional study, 187 parents of children between the age of 4 years and 13 years who reported to the out patient department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry were personally interviewed by the principal investigator using the prepared proforma and the data collected entered manually.

The most common dental problems experienced by children was dental caries followed by tooth ache, swelling and irregularly or forwardly placed teeth. Majority of children who experienced dental problems during the pandemic did not seek treatment due to a variety of reasons. Those parents who didn’t did not seek treatment during the pandemic reported that their fear of contracting the COVID-19 virus from care centres and other public places, lack of adequate transportation facilities due to lock down, restricted services offered by health care facilities, reluctance to make children undergo COVID screening and financial problems due to job loss or reduced salary prevented them from doing so.

The long term burden of neglected oral health on the social, financial and general well being of people especially children has been underestimated during the pandemic. Hence, better preparedness and intervention of the health care sector and policy makers in providing timely oral health care is warranted in the event of any untoward similar situations in future.
Correlation of dermatoglyphics, def index and caries activity test for caries risk assessment in children: A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Upadhyay Manisha , Sharma Jyoti , Agrawal Ankita , Sharma Bhagwat Swaroop , Yadav Shashi Prabha , MIshra Ankur
Published: July 2024

Dental caries is defined as an infectious disease of microbial origin which is related to every specialty of dentistry in one or the other way. Genetic susceptibility to dental caries is dependent on certain factors, which if evaluated, can help in estimating disease prematurely.

: The present study attempts to correlate the dermatoglyphic patterns, caries activity test and ‘def’ index in occurance of caries pattern in children in order to assess future caries risk.

The‘def’ indices were recorded using diagnostic instruments, dermatoglyphic interpretation was done using stamp-pad method and S. mutans levels were estimated by caries activity test.

: Data were summarised as Mean ± SE (standard error of the mean). Groups were compared by one factor analysis of variance (ANOVA).Pearson correlation analysis and simple linear regression analysis were done to assess correlation and strength of association between the variables respectively. A two-tailed (α=2) p value less than 0.05 (p<0.05) was considered statistically significant. Analyses were performed on SPSS software (windows version 17.0). ResultThe outcome of the study showed a positive correlation between the dermatoglyphic patterns (whorl and loop), def index and total viable salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) bacterial count. The whorls and loops were counted in numbers (no.), ‘def’ index was assessed in scores and S. mutans in CFU/ml.

This study showed that dermatoglyphic pattern whorls increases with increase in ‘def’ index and S. mutans count whereas, loops decreases with increase in ‘def’ index and S. mutans count in saliva.
Forensic odontology: A dental detective’s perspective from central India
Authors: Chandrakar Mayank
Published: July 2024

Forensic dentistry is application of dental knowledge in criminal and civil.

A questionnaire study was conducted among 133 Policemen of Mahasamund to assess their knowledge of Forensic Dentistry. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 18.0.

83.50% knew that Forensic Science was useful in solving legal cases. 36.10% participants had knowledge that Forensic Odontology is useful for Age determination, D.N.A. analysis and Bite Marks. Police Personnel who had greater than 10 years’ experience had more knowledge of Forensic Dentistry. (P value < 0.001). Police Personnel who had rank above Constables had more knowledge about Forensic Dentistry. (P value = 0.01).

This study revealed that most of the Police Personnel had inadequate knowledge about Forensic Dentistry. A sound knowledge on Forensic Dentistry and their practical applications in crime scenes are essential for Police Personnel to provide timely justice to one and all.
Problematic Issues in Armenian School History Textbooks
Authors: Melkonyan Ashot
Published: July 2024

This article presents the process of creating new school textbooks on Armenian history in the post-Soviet years. The author emphasizes the necessity to revise a number of issues in Armenian historiography related to the ideological attitudes of the Soviet epoch. The revision of many issues by Armenian historians during the years of independence, such as periodization, the first state formations on the territory of the Armenian Highlands, the Armenian political parties, the First Republic of 1918—1920, Sovietization, etc., is reflected in the new history textbooks. The article provides examples of the distortion of Armenian and Russian history in various textbooks and emphasizes the importance of presenting objective history in school textbooks in order to educate the younger generation.
Spain: the Failed Front of the Second World War
Authors: Sagomonyan Alexander
Published: July 2024

The little-known aspects of a problem long discussed in historiography are highlighted: why Spain did not enter the Second World War. On the eve of his suicide, Hitler called his two fatal mistakes: the attack on the USSR, as well as the fact that he failed to draw Spain into the world conflict in 1940, capture Gibraltar and thereby break England, avoiding a war on two fronts. An important role in Franco's decision to remain neutral in the war was played by the chief of German military intelligence, V. Kanaris, who was part of the so-called “resistance group” to Hitler. He managed to convince the Spanish dictator, whom he had known for a long time, of the inevitability of Germany's defeat in World War II. He also gave Caudillo top-secret information about Hitler's impending attack on the Soviet Union: this meant that Germany would not be able to allocate troops either to attack Spain, in case it refused to participate in the war, or to defend it if Hitler's opponents invaded the Pyrenees. Even during the only personal meeting between Hitler and Franco in October 1940, the Fuhrer failed to force Caudillo to change his position. Hitler nevertheless found out about the betrayal of Canaris, for which the latter paid with his life in April 1945.