bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Folliculotropic mycosis fungoides: clinicopathological analysis of 17 patients
Authors: Marschalkó M. , Erős N. , Kontár O. , Hidvégi B. , Telek J. , Hársing J. , Jókai H. , Bottlik G. , Rajnai H. , Szepesi Á. , Matolcsy A. , Kárpáti S. , Csomor J.
Published: November 2014

Background

Folliculotropic mycosis fungoides (FMF) represents a variant of MF characterized by hair follicle invasion of mature, CD4‐positive small lymphoid cells with cerebriform nuclei. The disease displays resistance to standard treatment modalities and has an unfavourable course.

Objective

Clinical analysis of 17 patients with FMF collected between 2005 and 2012, investigation of tumour cells and involved hair follicle.

Methods

Re‐evaluation of clinical data, wide panel immunohistochemistry investigation on paraffin‐embedded biopsy material, T‐cell receptor gene rearrangement analysis of the samples.

Results

Male and older age group predominance, frequent head–neck involvement, acneiform lesions, keratotic plugs, cysts, nodules, follicular papules, alopecia and classic mycosis fungoides‐like plaques represented the main clinical characteristics. Treatment response showed a wide range from transient complete response to therapy resistance and death due to the disease. The pathological alterations: folliculotropism, mild epidermotropism, follicular plugging, mucinous degeneration of hair follicle, basaloid hyperplasia, syringotropism were similar to those observed previously. The first case of a CD8‐positive folliculotropic mycosis fungoides – with unusual clinical presentation – is reported here. Nestin overexpression of mesenchymal cells of the isthmic and suprabulbar regions of hair follicle and the reappearance of dermal nestin‐expressing cells were observed in association with immature dendritic cell hyperplasia. Altered CK19 expression was detected suggesting a potential role of follicular keratinocytes in the disease process. It was found that a proportion of neoplastic T cells constantly express programmed death‐1 receptor in our patients contrary to classic mycosis fungoides.

Conclusion

The spectrum of the clinical manifestation and the course of folliculotropic mycosis fungoides are broad and differ from classic mycosis fungoides. Folliculotropic neoplastic T‐cell proliferation is associated with activation of inflammatory reactive T‐ and B‐lymphoid cells, mesenchymal cells and changes in the hair follicle.
TNFAIP3 and IL12B gene polymorphisms associated with psoriasis vulgaris in an Egyptian cohort
Authors: Haase O. , Mosaad H. , Eldarouti M.A. , Elramly A.Z. , Samir N. , Abdelhady M.M. , Samir M. , El‐Gharib I. , Salah S. , El‐Shennawy F.A. , Mosaad Y. , Elwan N. , Salem H. , Abdelgaber S. , Recke A. , Möller S. , Zillikens D. , Ibrahim S.
Published: November 2014

Background

Psoriasis vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Development of early onset psoriasis is, to some extent, genetically determined and a strong association with the major histocompatibility complex HLA‐Cw6 has been demonstrated. The use of genome‐wide association studies has highlighted novel genes associated with the development of psoriasis as IL12B, IL23R, TNFAIP3 and IL13 for instance. The majority of these studies were performed on cohorts of European descent.

Objective

To determine whether inter‐ethnic differences exist in the genetic susceptibility to psoriasis, we genotyped single‐nucleotide polymorphism variations in the vicinity of candidate genes in 132 Egyptian patients and 175 healthy controls.

Methods

Blood samples of patients and controls were screened for nucleotide polymorphisms in four candidate genes by TaqMan single‐nucleotide polymorphisms Genotyping Assays.

Results

We found a significant association between psoriasis and the single‐nucleotide polymorphism rs610604, within the TNFAIP3 gene. The TNFAIP3 gene is involved in the TNF‐α signalling cascade (P‐value: 0.004952), a key step in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Although there was no significant association found between rs610604 (IL12B) and rs11209026 (IL23R) in this population, the interaction of these two genes showed a significant association with psoriasis (P‐value: 0.025). Moreover, when selecting the patients with early disease onset (less than 30 years), we also found that the association of IL12B and psoriasis was highly significant (P‐value 1.14 × 10−12). No association between rs20541 (IL13) and psoriasis was observed in our Egyptian cohort.

Conclusion

Replicating the association of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the TNFAIP3, IL12B and IL23R genes with psoriasis vulgaris, in subjects from different ethnic backgrounds, underlines their importance in the pathogenesis of the disease. In contrast, the lack of any association between rs20541 (IL13) and psoriasis in our Egyptian cohort suggests the existence of important inter‐ethnic genetic differences in psoriasis susceptibility.
Kinetic Extraction of Total Polyphenols from Pitanga (Eugenia Uniflora L.): Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment, Modeling and Antioxidant Potential
Authors: Filippi Débora , Bilibio Denise , Bender João Paulo , Carniel Naira , Priamo Wagner Luiz
Published: November 2014

The main objective of this work was to investigate the extraction kinetics of total polyphenol content (TPC) from pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) through conventional maceration with solvent, evaluating the effect of temperature, plant‐to‐solvent ratio and ethanol percentage. In parallel, the mathematical modeling of experimental data was performed and a model that represents the kinetics profile of extraction with their respective response surface has been proposed. Ultrasound‐assisted technology was used to maximize the conditions that promote higher polyphenol content extracted using the conventional method, verifying posteriorly the antioxidant activity of the extract by DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) radical‐scavenging assay. The results indicated that based on the regression coefficient (R2), it can be observed that the model predicted satisfactorily the extraction process and the use of ultrasound treatment promoted an increase of about 80.34% in TPC extracted compared with conventional method (from 16.79 to 30.28 mg GAE/g of plant). Extracts enriched with polyphenols showed antioxidant activity up to 48.84% for a concentration of 0.01 g/mL. In general, we concluded that use of ultrasound‐assisted technology is important to maximize the amount of total polyphenols extracted and accredits pitanga as a natural antioxidant source for use in food preservation and in human health.

Practical Applications

This work describes the practical procedures to obtain a new extract from pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.), which can be used in different segments of food industry, as in bread baking, edible oils and among others. The results presented can guide the improvement of technique and proposes an interesting alternative for partial or full substitution of synthetic ingredients, increasing the quality of food.
Postsecondary Education in Industrial Ecology Across the World
Authors: Finlayson Ashley , Markewitz Karine , Frayret Jean‐Marc
Published: November 2014

In recent years, industrial ecology (IE) has become increasingly integrated into formal education as a distinct body of work. The aim of this article is to describe the state of IE in postsecondary education across the world by providing an inventory of programs and courses offered from a search conducted during the summer of 2012. Although some interpretation of the results is conducted, the aim of this article is to provide a snapshot of the state of IE in higher education in 2012 and serve as a starting point for future work. Data were collected on IE courses and programs across the world by Internet search in order to determine the prevalence of IE in postsecondary curricula. Subsequently, 190 universities and colleges from 46 countries were identified as offering courses and/or programs in IE. From this research, a total of 409 courses and 78 programs were inventoried and course content was analyzed (where available). The results indicate that IE is mainly studied at the graduate level within engineering and environmental disciplines, although undergraduate‐level curricula are emerging. In terms of disciplinary departments offering said curricula, IE is presented as a topic of instruction in varied fields of study, such as business and administration, and the arts. From the course syllabi analyzed, the main subjects being taught within IE education are introductory principles and general tools. Advanced or specialized aspects of the field are also covered, however, less frequently.
What Is Engagement? Proactivity as the Missing Link in the HEXACO Model of Personality
Authors: de Vries Reinout E. , Wawoe Kilian W. , Holtrop Djurre
Published: November 2014

We tested the hypothesis that proactivity represents the engagement vector in the HEXACO model of personality. Questionnaire data were obtained in five studies, three of which consisted (mostly) of students: Study 1 (N = 188, Mage = 20.0, 89.4% women), Study 3 (N = 315, Mage = 20.4, 80.6% women), and Study 4 (N = 309 self‐ratings, Mage = 20.0, 78.3% women; N = 307 other‐ratings, Mage = 24.5, 62.2% women). Participants in the other two studies came from an ISO‐certified representative community panel: Study 2 (N = 525, Mage = 51.2, 52.0% women) and Study 5 (N = 736, Mage = 42.2, 48.0% women). Proactive Personality and Proactivity were positively related to Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience, but only weakly related or unrelated to Honesty‐Humility, Emotionality, and Agreeableness, supporting the alignment of Proactive Personality/Proactivity with the hypothesized HEXACO engagement vector. Additionally, Proactivity explained incremental variance in self‐rated job performance on top of the HEXACO facets that were most closely associated with Proactive Personality/Proactivity, that is, Social Boldness (an Extraversion facet), Diligence (a Conscientiousness facet), and Creativity (an Openness to Experience facet), but not in entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship. Proactivity is the missing engagement link in the HEXACO model of personality. The results are discussed in light of higher‐order factors (e.g., general factor of personality and Alpha and Beta) of personality and bandwidth‐fidelity controversies.
Constrained Inefficiency and Optimal Taxation with Uninsurable Risks
Authors: GOTTARDI PIERO , KAJII ATSUSHI , NAKAJIMA TOMOYUKI
Published: November 2014

When individuals' labor and capital income are subject to uninsurable idiosyncratic risks, should capital and labor be taxed, and if so how? In a two‐period general equilibrium model with production, we derive a decomposition formula of the welfare effects of these taxes into insurance and distribution effects. This allows us to determine how the sign of the optimal taxes on capital and labor depend on the nature of the shocks and the degree of heterogeneity among consumers' income, as well as on the way in which the tax revenue is used to provide lump‐sum transfers to consumers. When shocks affect primarily labor income and heterogeneity is small, the optimal tax on capital is positive. However, in other cases a negative tax on capital is welfare‐improving.
The offender's narrative: Unresolved dissonance in life as a film (LAAF) responses
Authors: Youngs Donna , Canter David , Carthy Nikki
Published: November 2014

Purpose

A growing body of literature indicates the value of exploring the accounts offenders give of their lives. This raises questions about whether offenders’ narratives, distinctive from those of non‐offenders, elucidate the identity and agency processes that facilitate continued offending.

Method

To explore this, 61 offenders and 90 non‐offenders described their life as a film (LAAF).

Results

Significant differences between the two samples are revealed across content categories relating to Implicit Content, Explicit Processes, Complexity, and Agency. These relate to a central focus on criminality as a dominant aspect of identity, a generally negative undertone, a concern with the materialistic within the narrative and the significant, yet problematic nature, of relations with others. These four features capture a meta‐narrative of Unresolved Dissonance sustaining offending.

Conclusion

The findings open the way for the use of the LAAF in order to explore ways of resolving offenders Unresolved Dissonance, through reconstructing their narratives, complementing the Good Lives approach.
Geographic mosaics of phenology, host preference, adult size and microhabitat choice predict butterfly resilience to climate warming
Authors: Bennett Nichole L. , Severns Paul M. , Parmesan Camille , Singer Michael C.
Published: November 2014

The climate‐sensitive butterflyEuphydryas edithaexhibited interpopulation variation in both phenology and egg placement, exposing individuals to diverse thermal environments. We measured ‘eggspace’ temperatures adjacent to natural egg clutches in populations distributed across a range of latitudes (36°8′–44°6′) and altitudes (213–3171 m). Eggs laid > 50 cm above the ground averaged 3.1°C cooler than ambient air at 1 m height, while eggs at < 1 cm height averaged 15.5°C hotter than ambient, ranging up to 47°C. Because of differences in egg height, eggs at 3171 m elevation and 20.6°C ambient air experienced mean eggspace temperatures 7°C hotter than those at 213 m elevation and ambient 33.3°C. Experimental eggs survived for one hour at 45°C but were killed by 48°C. Eggs laid low, by positively geotactic butterflies, risked thermal stress. However, at populations where eggs were laid lowest, higher oviposition would have incurred incidental predation from grazers.

Interpopulation variation in phenology influenced thermal environment and buffered exposure to thermal stress. At sites with hotter July temperatures, the single annual flight/oviposition period was advanced such that eggs were laid on earlier dates, with cooler ambient temperatures. The insects possessed two mechanisms for advancing egg phenology; they could advance timing of larval diapause‐breaking and/or shorten the life cycle by becoming smaller adults. Mean weight of newly‐eclosed females varied among populations from 92 to 285 mg, suggesting that variable adult size did influence phenology.

Possible options for in situ mitigation of thermal stress include further advancing phenology and raising egg height. We argue that these options exist, as evidenced by current variation in these traits and by failure ofE. edithato conform to restrictive biogeographic constraints, such as the expectation that populations at equatorial and poleward range limits be confined to higher and lower elevations, respectively. This optimistic example shows how complex local adaptation can generate resilience to climate warming.
Invertebrate, not small vertebrate, herbivory interacts with nutrient availability to impact tallgrass prairie community composition and forb biomass
Authors: La Pierre Kimberly J. , Joern Anthony , Smith Melinda D.
Published: November 2014

The effects of herbivores and their interactions with nutrient availability on primary production and plant community composition in grassland systems is expected to vary with herbivore type. We examined the effects of invertebrate and small vertebrate herbivores and their interactions with nutrient availability on grassland plant community composition and aboveground biomass in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem. The abundance of forbs relative to grasses increased with invertebrate herbivore removals. This increase in forb abundance led to a shift in community composition, where invertebrate removals resulted in greater plant species evenness as well as a divergence in composition among plots. In contrast, vertebrate herbivore removals did not affect plant community composition or aboveground biomass. Nutrient additions alone resulted in a decrease in plant species richness and an increase in the abundance of the dominant grass, but the dominant grass species did not greatly increase in abundance when nutrient additions were combined with invertebrate removals. Rather, several subdominant forbs came to dominate the plant community. Additionally, the combined nutrient addition and invertebrate herbivore removal treatment increased forb biomass, suggesting that invertebrate herbivores suppress the responses of forb species to chronic nutrient additions. Overall, the release of forbs from invertebrate herbivore pressure may result in large shifts in species composition, with consequences for aboveground biomass and forage quality due to altered grass:forb ratios in grassland systems.
Diapering, Diaper Technology, and Diaper Area Skin Health
Authors: Odio Mauricio , Thaman Lauren
Published: November 2014

Disposable diapers are the most common diaper care practice in Western societies today, and their use continues to increase globally. Improvements in disposable diaper technology have helped to reduce the prevalence and severity of diaper dermatitis (DD) over the course of the last few decades. This article reviews how changes in disposable diaper technology interact with the various etiological factors in DD, thus helping to improve overall diaper area skin health for children around the world.
Absorption and Emission Sensitivity of 2‐(2′‐Hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole to Solvents and Impurities
Authors: Yuan Zhao , Tang Qing , Sreenath Kesavapillai , Simmons J. Tyler , Younes Ali H. , Jiang De‐en , Zhu Lei
Published: November 2014

2‐(2′‐Hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (HBO) is known for undergoing intramolecular proton transfer in the excited state to result in the emission of its tautomer. A minor long‐wavelength absorption band in the range 370–420 nm has been reported in highly polar solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). However, the nature of this species has not been entirely clarified. In this work, we provide evidence that this long‐wavelength absorption band might have been caused by base or metal salt impurities that are introduced into the spectral sample during solvent transport using glass Pasteur pipettes. The contamination by base or metal salt could be avoided by using borosilicate glass syringes or nonglass pipettes in sample handling. Quantum chemical calculations conclude that solvent‐mediated deprotonation is too energetically costly to occur without the aid of a base of an adequate strength. In the presence of such a base, the deprotonation of HBO and its effect on emission are investigated in dichloromethane and DMSO, the latter of which facilitates deprotonation much more readily than the former. Finally, the absorption and emission spectra of HBO in 13 solvents are reported, from which it is concluded that ESIPT is hindered in polar solvents that are also strong hydrogen bond acceptors.
Not all parasites are protective
Authors: McKay Derek M.
Published: November 2014

Successful endoparasites of mammals must outwit the sophisticated immune systems of their hosts that have evolved to detect and destroy/eradicate them. Many species of helminth parasite can directly or indirectly manipulate host immunity: helminth‐derived molecules can suppress or skew activity of many immune cell phenotypes, and mobilization of regulatory cells in response to infection can inhibit immune cell activation. Moreover, many investigations, principally in laboratory‐based rodent–helminth systems, demonstrate that infection with helminths (trematode, cestode or nematode) can ameliorate the severity of concomitant disease that model diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease and multiple sclerosis. Ongoing analyses in these model systems may uncover novel approaches to the management and cure of inflammatory diseases that are major global health issues. However, the potential of environmentally or experimentally (i.e. ‘therapeutically’) acquired infection with helminth parasites to exaggerate the severity immunopathologies in the host should not be overlooked. Here, examples of infection with helminth parasites exacerbating concomitant disease and commentary on possible adverse effects of helminth therapy are provided – the intent is not to undermine the development of helminth therapy, but to illustrate caveats that may need to be considered should helminth therapy be utilized as a treatment for inflammatory disease.
The Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development Birth Cohort Study: Biological Samples and Biobanking
Authors: Moraes T. J. , Lefebvre D. L. , Chooniedass R. , Becker A. B. , Brook J. R. , Denburg J. , HayGlass K. T. , Hegele R. G. , Kollmann T. R. , Macri J. , Mandhane P. J. , Scott J. A. , Subbarao P. , Takaro T. K. , Turvey S. E. , Duncan J. D. , Sears M. R. , Befus A. D. ,   CHILD Study Investigators
Published: November 2014

Background

It is hypothesised that complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors give rise to allergy and asthma in childhood. The Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) study was designed to explore these factors.

Methods

CHILD is a longitudinal, general population birth cohort study following infants from mid‐pregnancy to age 5 years. Over this time period, biological samples, questionnaires, clinical measures and environmental data are collected.

Results

A total of 3624 families have been recruited, and many thousands of samples and questionnaires have been collected, annotated, and archived. This report outlines the rationale and methodology for collecting and storing diverse biological samples from parents and children in this study, and the mechanisms for their release for analyses.

Conclusions

The CHILD sample and data repository is a tremendous current and future resource and will provide a wealth of information not only informing studies of asthma and allergy, but also potentially in many other aspects of health relevant for Canadian infants and children.
Determining the cause of pulmonary granulomas: A multidimensional process
Authors: Judson Marc A.
Published: November 2014

See article, page 115
‘To measure is to know’ (Lord Kelvin)
Authors: Ward Chris , Uller Lena
Published: November 2014

See article, page 66
Unveiling Variability and Uncertainty for Better Science and Decisions on Cancer Risks from Environmental Chemicals
Authors: Bogen Kenneth T.
Published: November 2014

The National Research Council 2009 “Silver Book” panel report included a recommendation that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) should increase all of its chemical carcinogen (CC) potency estimates by ∼7‐fold to adjust for a purported median‐vs.‐mean bias that I recently argued does not exist (Bogen KT. “Does EPA underestimate cancer risks by ignoring susceptibility differences?,” Risk Analysis, 2014; 34(10):1780–1784). In this issue of the journal, my argument is critiqued for having flaws concerning: (1) intent, bias, and conservatism of EPA estimates of CC potency; (2) bias in potency estimates derived from epidemiology; and (3) human‐animal CC‐potency correlation. However, my argument remains valid, for the following reasons. (1) EPA's default approach to estimating CC risks has correctly focused on bounding average (not median) individual risk under a genotoxic mode‐of‐action (MOA) assumption, although pragmatically the approach leaves both inter‐individual variability in CC–susceptibility, and widely varying CC‐specific magnitudes of fundamental MOA uncertainty, unquantified. (2) CC risk estimates based on large epidemiology studies are not systematically biased downward due to limited sampling from broad, lognormal susceptibility distributions. (3) A good, quantitative correlation is exhibited between upper‐bounds on CC‐specific potency estimated from human vs. animal studies (n = 24, r = 0.88, p = 2 × 10−8). It is concluded that protective upper‐bound estimates of individual CC risk that account for heterogeneity in susceptibility, as well as risk comparisons informed by best predictions of average‐individual and population risk that address CC‐specific MOA uncertainty, should each be used as separate, complimentary tools to improve regulatory decisions concerning low‐level, environmental CC exposures.
Action representations activated by task‐irrelevant information: Is it really irrelevant?
Authors: Zhao Liang , Bai Yang , Wang Yonghui
Published: November 2014

Accessing action knowledge is believed to rely on the activation of action representations through the retrieval of functional, manipulative, and spatial information associated with objects. However, it remains unclear whether action representations can be activated in this way when the object information is irrelevant to the current judgment. The present study investigated this question by independently manipulating the correctness of three types of action‐related information: the functional relation between the two objects, the grip applied to the objects, and the orientation of the objects. In each of three tasks in Experiment 1, participants evaluated the correctness of only one of the three information types (function, grip or orientation). Similar results were achieved with all three tasks: “correct” judgments were facilitated when the other dimensions were correct; however, “incorrect” judgments were facilitated when the other two dimensions were both correct and also when they were both incorrect. In Experiment 2, when participants attended to an action‐irrelevant feature (object color), there was no interaction between function, grip, and orientation. These results clearly indicate that action representations can be activated by retrieval of functional, manipulative, and spatial knowledge about objects, even though this is task‐irrelevant information.
FEASIBILITY OF PERCUTANEOUS CONTRAST ULTRASOUND‐GUIDED CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY IN DOGS
Authors: Ji Seoyeoun , Jung Sunyoung , Kim Boeun , Jung Joohyun , Yoon Junghee , Choi Mincheol
Published: November 2014

Differentiating hepatocellular disease versus biliary obstruction can be challenging in dogs presented for icterus. The purpose of this prospective study was to determine the feasibility of percutaneous contrast ultrasound‐guided cholecystography in dogs. Ten normal dogs weighing 7.6–13.0 kg (median 9.8 kg) were recruited. All dogs were considered normal based on complete blood count, serum chemistry profile, ultrasound examination, and percutaneous radiographic cholecystography. Percutaneous contrast ultrasound‐guided cholecystography was performed using 0.5 ml of commercially available contrast agent and two conventional ultrasound machines for simultaneous scanning at two different locations. Two observers independently evaluated the time to initial detection of contrast in the proximal duodenum and duration of contrast enhancement via visual monitoring. Dynamic contrast enhancement was calculated using time‐intensity curves. Mean (±SD) and median (range) of time to initial detection were 8.60 s (± 3.35) and 8.0 s (2.0–11.0), respectively, and mean and median duration were 50.45 s (±23.24) and 53.0 s (20.0 – 70.0), respectively. Mean, median, and range of peak intensity were 114.1 mean pixel value (MPV) (SD ± 30.7), 109.2 MPV, and 79.7–166.7, respectively, and mean, median, and range of time to peak intensity were 26.1 s (SD ± 7.1 s), 24.0 s, and 19.0–41.0 s, respectively. Findings indicated that percutaneous contrast ultrasound‐guided cholecystography is a feasible technique for detecting and quantifying patency of the bile duct in normal dogs. Future studies are needed to assess the diagnostic utility of this technique for dogs with biliary obstruction.
TESTING LATOUR'S APP: A USER'S GUIDE
Authors: Bigliardi Stefano
Published: November 2014

I reconstruct Bruno Latour's ideas about science and religion and compare them to Ian G. Barbour's and Mikael Stenmark's models, as well as to the discussion of technology and religion developed by John C. Caiazza and Antje Jackelén. I show how using “Latour's App” enlightens some aspects of said models which Barbour and Stenmark themselves were seemingly struggling with, and that Caiazza's and Jackelén's views can be reconciled despite their apparent opposition. The result of such tests is an overall assessment of Latour's proposal. I argue that, under the disguise of a flamboyant and original language, Latour's method is not that distant from those of the other authors analyzed here, and that his discussion might conceal some unwelcome philosophical shortcomings.
THEISTIC EVOLUTION IN THE POSTGENOMIC ERA
Authors: Marinov Georgi K.
Published: November 2014

How to reconcile the theory of evolution with existing religious beliefs has occupied minds since Darwin's time. The majority of the discourse on the subject is still focused on the Darwinian version of evolutionary theory, or at best, the mid‐twentieth century version of the Modern Synthesis. However, evolutionary thought has moved forward since then with the insights provided by the advent of comparative genomics in recent decades having a particularly significant impact. A theology that successfully incorporates evolutionary biology needs to take such developments into account, because range of truly viable options among the many versions of theistic evolution that have been proposed in the past may narrow down when this is done. Here I present these previously underappreciated strains of contemporary evolutionary thought and discuss their potential theological impact.
TURNING STONES INTO BREAD: DEVELOPING SYNERGISTIC SCIENCE/RELIGION APPROACHES TO THE WORLD FOOD CRISIS
Authors: Bennett Pat
Published: November 2014

The Institute on Religion in an Age of Science (IRAS) has a long history of delivering conferences addressing topics of interest in the field of science and religion. The following papers from the 2013 summer conference on “The Scientific, Spiritual, and Moral Challenges in Solving the World Food Crisis” are, in keeping with the eclectic nature of these conferences, very different in content and approach. Such differences underline the challenges of synergistically combining scientific and religious insights to increase understanding of global problems and their possible solutions. This in turn reflects deeper questions about the purpose and nature of the science/religion dialogue. These papers suggest various ways in which the two perspectives can be combined in the pursuit of building better understandings of food‐related issues, as well as highlighting difficulties and limitations which need to be addressed if the fruits of such dialogue are to make a wider impact. As such they serve as useful pointers for how this type of science/religion interaction might be further developed and deployed.
THE DEMOCRATIC ROOTS OF OUR ECOLOGIC CRISIS: LYNN WHITE, BIODEMOCRACY, AND THE EARTH CHARTER
Authors: Riley Matthew T.
Published: November 2014

Although Lynn White, jr. is best known for the critical aspects of his disputed 1967 essay, “The Historical Roots of Our Ecologic Crisis,” this article combines archival research and findings from his lesser‐known publications in an attempt to reconcile his thought on democracy with the Earth Charter and its assertion that “we are one human family and one Earth Community with a common destiny” (2000, Preamble). Humanity is first and foremost, White believed, part of a “spiritual democracy of all God's creatures” in which humans and nonhumans should treat each other with mutual compassion and courtesy. It is argued that the Christian, animal‐inclusive “biodemocracy” envisioned by White is both compatible with, and potentially in conflict with, the tenets of the Earth Charter. This article also considers further implications of these findings for the larger fields of ecotheology and religion and ecology.
Transgresión y persistencia: La represión de las manifestaciones musicales profanas en los espacios religiosos de la periferia chilena. Siglos XVI –XIX
Authors: RAMOS FUENTES JOSE MIGUEL
Published: November 2014

El presente artículo aborda, desde el concepto de centro y periferia, las dinámicas producidas en torno a la actividad musical religiosa periférica en Chile durante los siglos XVI al XIX. Específicamente en cuanto a las particularidades generadas, primero, por las continuas normativas dictadas desde la Iglesia Católica, dirigidas a frenar ciertos aspectos considerados como indebidos y alejados de la sobriedad que quiso imponérsele a la liturgia, y segundo, en cuanto a la permanente y persistente presencia de elementos seculares en la misma, que vistos desde el concepto expuesto al inicio, se manifiesta como una dinámica de espacios y actores sociales diversos, en una sociedad marcada por la desigual pirámide social.
What is the Third Law?
Authors: Beretta Gian Paolo , Gyftopoulos Elias P.
Published: November 2014

We discuss entropies of systems at very low temperatures or, equivalently, the third law of thermodynamics. We conclude that definitive values of such entropies can be established only by experiments on systems with very few degrees of freedom, such as one-particle systems.
On the Evolution of the Definition of Entropy From Clausius to
Today
Authors: Gyftopoulos Elias P.
Published: November 2014

Carnot analyzed an engine operating between two reservoirs. Through a peculiar mode of reasoning, he found the correct optimum shaft work performed during a cyclic change of state of the engine. Clausius justified Carnot's result by enunciating two laws of thermodynamics, and introducing the concept of entropy as a ratio of heat and temperature of a thermodynamic equilibrium state. By appropriate algebraic manipulations, in this paper we express Carnot's optimum shaft work in terms of available energies or exergies of the end states of the reservoirs, and Clausius' entropy in terms of energy and available energy. Next, we consider the optimum shaft work performed during a cyclic change of state of an engine operating between a reservoir, and a system with fixed-amounts of constituents, and fixed-volume but variable temperature. We express the optimum shaft work in terms of the available energies of the end states, and Clausius' entropy in terms of energy and available energy. Formally, the entropy expression is identical to that found for the Carnot engine except for the difference in end states. Finally, we consider the optimum shaft work performed during a cyclic change of state of an engine operating between system A initially in any state A1 (thermodynamic equilibrium or not) and reservoir R. We call this optimum generalized available energy with respect to R, and use it together with energy to define an entropy of any state A1. Again we observe that the expression for entropy is formally identical to the two given earlier except for the difference in end states.
Assur-Group Inferred Structural Synthesis for Planar Mechanisms
Authors: Li Shujun , Wang Hongguang , Dai Jian S.
Published: November 2014

In order to obtain a comprehensive list of possible mechanisms with various choices of both R and P pairs and mechanism inversion of planar mechanisms, a new structural synthesis method is developed by integrating Assur groups (AGs) as elements in the newly developed group-based adjacency matrix. This extended adjacency matrix is proposed with the diagonal elements representing three fundamental elements as the frame link, driving link, AG and augmented AG (AAG) if metamorphic mechanisms are to be synthesized. The off-diagonal elements provide information on group combination and connection forms of the above three fundamental elements and that on the associated kinematic pairs. Based on the extended adjacency matrix, all assembly modes for the given AGs can be established and isomorphism mechanisms can be identified at the same time. Considering all types of the AGs in the extended adjacency matrix, group permutation and combination are used and connection forms are generated including variation of the driving link and mechanism inversion. The structural synthesis is then extending to generating a comprehensive list of types of mechanisms and illustrated by the synthesis for class II 6-bar planar mechanisms with both R and P pairs, generating a list of 588 types of mechanisms that are derived for the first time. The paper further applies the approach to metamorphic mechanisms, and obtained five connection forms of the 7-bar 2DOF metamorphic mechanisms.
Compressible Direct Numerical Simulation of Low-Pressure Turbines—Part II: Effect of Inflow Disturbances
Authors: Michelassi Vittorio , Chen Li-Wei , Pichler Richard , Sandberg Richard D.
Published: November 2014

In the present paper, direct numerical simulation (DNS) studies of the compressible flow in the T106 linear cascade have been carried out. Various environmental variables, i.e., background turbulence level, frequency of incoming wakes, and Reynolds number, and a combination of these were considered for a total of 12 fully resolved simulations. The mechanisms dictating the observed flow phenomena, including the mixing and distortion of the incoming wakes, wake/boundary layer interaction, and boundary layer evolution impact on profile loss generation, are studied systematically. A detailed loss generation analysis allows the identification of each source of loss in boundary layers and flow core. Particular attention is devoted to the concerted impact of wakes distortion mechanics and the intermittent nature of the unsteady boundary layer. Further, the present study examines the validity of the Boussinesq eddy viscosity assumption, which invokes a linear stress–strain relationship in commonly used RANS models. The errors originating from this assumption are scrutinized with both time and phase-locked averaged flow fields to possibly identify shortcomings of traditional RANS models.
Molecule Dynamics Simulation of Heat Transfer Between Argon Flow and Parallel Copper Plates
Authors: Tang Yong , Fu Ting , Mao Yijin , Zhang Yuwen , Yuan Wei
Published: November 2014

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation aiming to investigate heat transfer between argon fluid flow and two parallel copper plates in the nanoscale is carried out by simultaneously control momentum and temperature of the simulation box. The top copper wall is kept at a constant velocity by adding an external force according to the velocity difference between on-the-fly and desired velocities. At the same time the top wall holds a higher temperature while the bottom wall is considered as physically stationary and has a lower temperature. A sample region is used in order to measure the heat flux flowing across the simulation box, and thus the heat transfer coefficient between the fluid and wall can be estimated through its definition. It is found that the heat transfer coefficient between argon fluid flow and copper plate in this scenario is lower but still in the same order magnitude in comparison with the one predicted based on the hypothesis in other reported work.
Vibrations of Completely Free Rounded Rectangular Plates
Authors: Wang C. Y.
Published: November 2014

The natural vibration of rectangular plates with rounded corners is studied by using a family of homotopy shapes and an efficient Ritz method.
Dispersion Error Reduction for Acoustic Problems Using the Finite Element-Least Square Point Interpolation Method
Authors: Yao L. Y. , Zhou J. W. , Zhou Z. , Li L.
Published: November 2014

The shape function of the finite element-least square point interpolation method (FE-LSPIM) combines the quadrilateral element for partition of unity and the least square point interpolation method (LSPIM) for local approximation, and inherits the completeness properties of meshfree shape functions and the compatibility properties of FE shape functions, and greatly reduces the numerical dispersion error. This paper derives the formulas and performs the dispersion analysis for the FE-LSPIM. Numerical results for benchmark problems show that, the FE-LSPIM yields considerably better results than the finite element method (FEM) and element-free Galerkin method (EFGM).
Magnetically Assembling Nanoscale Metal Network Into Phase Change Material—Percolation Threshold Reduction in Paraffin Using Magnetically Assembly of Nanowires
Authors: Su Junwei , Mirzaee Iman , Gao Fan , Liu Xiao , Charmchi Majid , Gu Zhiyong , Sun Hongwei
Published: November 2014

A high throughput manufacturing process to magnetically assembling nanowire (NW) network into paraffin was developed for enhancing conductivity in phase change materials (PCMs) used in energy storage applications. The prefabricated nickel NWs were dispersed in melted paraffin followed by magnetic alignment under a strong magnetic field. Measuring electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite, as well as observing cross section of the sample slice under an optical microscope characterized the alignment of NWs. As a comparison, nickel particles (NPs) based paraffin nanocomposites were also fabricated, and its electrical conductivity with and without applied magnetic field were measured. The effects of aspect ratio of fillers (particles and NWs) and volume concentration on percolation threshold were studied both experimentally and theoretically. It was found that the NW based paraffin nanocomposite has much lower percolation threshold compared to that of particle based paraffin composite. Furthermore, the alignment of particles and NWs under magnetic field significantly reduces the threshold of percolation. This work provides solid foundation for the development of a manufacturing technology for high thermal conductivity PCMs for thermal energy storage applications.
Impact of Developments in HEI Correction Factors on Condenser Performance and Operation — A Case Study
Authors: Sunder Raj Komandur
Published: November 2014

The Heat Exchange Institute (HEI) Standards for Steam Surface Condensers were promulgated to design and predict the performance of surface condensers for power plant applications by providing basic overall tube bundle heat transfer rates and correction factors to be applied to account for different tube diameters, wall thicknesses (BWG), tube materials, circulating water inlet temperatures and, average water velocities.

From 1958 to 1973, nonferrous alloys were generally the tube materials of choice for steam power plant surface condenser service. By the time the 7th edition of the HEI Standards was issued in 1978, concerns with corrosion and other issues with nonferrous tubing materials had led to increased specification of stainless steel while titanium was still in its infancy.

Since then, operational experience gained with stainless steel and titanium coupled with technological advances in these materials have resulted in revisions and incorporation of additional correction factors in subsequent editions of the HEI Standards for Steam Surface Condensers. The latest edition (11th edition) was issued in October 2012. Significant developments in the HEI heat transfer correction factors since issuance of the 7th edition pertain to stainless steel and titanium.

Using a case study, this paper analyzes the impact of developments in HEI heat transfer correction factors on steam surface condenser performance and operation with focus on admiralty, austenitic, super-austenitic and super-ferritic stainless steels as well as titanium tube materials. The paper examines how changes in the correction factors affect condenser performance and plant operation. It highlights the importance of using and validating the proper correction factors to predict and ensure optimum condenser performance and operation.
Optimized Energy Recovery in Line With Balancing of an ATES
Authors: Behi Mohammadreza , Mirmohammadi Seyed Aliakbar , Suma Alexander B. , Palm Björn E.
Published: November 2014

The present study explores the potential imbalance problem of the Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) system at the Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) campus, Eindhoven. This ATES is one of the largest European aquifer thermal energy storage systems, and has a seasonal imbalance problem. Reasons for this issue may be the high cooling demand from laboratories, office buildings and the direct ATES cooling system. Annually, cooling towers use on average 250 MWh electricity for the removal of about 5 GWh of excess heat from the ATES to the surroundings. In addition, the TU/e uses a large amount of natural gas for heating purposes and especially for peak supplies.

Recovering the surplus heat of the ATES, a CO2 Trans-critical Heat Pump (HP) system to cover particularly peak demands and total heating demand is proposed, modeled and optimized. The model is validated using data from International Energy Agency. Based on simulation results, 708294 nm3 of natural gas are saved where two different scenarios were considered for the ATES efficiency, cost saving and green house gas reduction. In scenario I, the COP of the ATES increased up to 50% by which K€ 303.3 energy cost and 1288.5 ton CO2 are saved annually. On the other hand, it will be shown that the ATES COP in Scenario II will improve up to 20%. In addition, the proposed energy recovery system results in a 606 ton CO2 -reduction and K€152.7 energy cost saving for the university each year.
Retrofitting Fossil Power Plants for Increased Flexibility
Authors: Kumar Nikhil , Venkataraman Sundar , Lew Debra , Brinkman Greg , Palchak David , Cochran Jaquelin
Published: November 2014

Increased renewable generation on the grid along with market deregulation has resulted in a significant increase in the cycling of coal and gas-fired power plant. This increase in cycling will result in increased wear-and-tear costs for units that were not traditionally designed for cycling. Asset owners can make operational changes to mitigate the wear-and-tear impact or alternatively retrofit existing units for improved flexibility. With retrofits, these plants can provide increased operational flexibility, or in other words cycle more, but this comes at an initial cost. On the other hand, increased flexibility in terms of faster starts, better turndowns and ramp rates also provides opportunity for the asset owners to recover their costs in the market. This paper evaluates the operational, as well as cost-benefit of retrofitting power plants for flexibility using a portfolio of generation resources in North America.
Production and Characterization of Biocoal for Coal-Fired Boilers
Authors: Mody Jaisen , Saveliev Roman , Bar-Ziv Ezra , Perelman Miron
Published: November 2014

As part of PGE-EBC-MTU collaboration of the testing program to fire up to 100% of biocoal in the 600 MW Boardman boiler we produced samples from the seven biomass feedstock: Arundo Donax (AD), wheat waste, corn waste, woody hybrid poplar, and bark from hybrid poplar, woody pine, and bark from pine. The idea was to produce a few thousand tons of biocoal from woody and bark poplar for a 100% firing tests and from the other types to produce a 1000 tons of biocoal from each material that will be co-fired up to 10% with Powder River Basin coal. Biocoal is produced by a torrefaction which is a thermal process carried out in absence of oxygen. We have produced biocoal samples from the above biomass feedstock in two pilot facilities, one in Israel and another in Michigan. The torrefaction process comprises the following steps: (1) shredding and soil separation, (2) drying, (3) torrefaction, and (4) compaction to produce biocoal briquettes. Biocoal briquettes are essential for logistics, safety, operational, and economic considerations. The briquettes must be durable, water resistant and can be pulverized in common coal mills. The briquettes that we produced did indeed conform to these properties. A real operational challenge was working with absence of oxygen which essential for the torrefaction process as well as for safety considerations because the entire process occurs at elevated temperatures which biocoal can burn. A 30,000 t/year torrefaction facility has been constructed at the Boardman Plant site to produce biocoal required for the firing tests.