bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast helicity-dependent photocurrents in Weyl Magnet Mn3Sn
Authors: Hamara Dominik , Lange Gunnar F. , Kholid Farhan Nur , Markou Anastasios , Felser Claudia , Slager Robert-Jan , Ciccarelli Chiara
Published: November 2023

Mn3Sn is a material that has attracted a lot of attention lately for its topologically non-trivial band structure, which leads to very promising spintronic properties. In this work we experimentally demonstrate that an epitaxially grown thin film of Mn3Sn acts as a source of THz radiation at room temperature when irradiated by a femtosecond laser pulse. By combining various experimental measurements as a function of pump polarisation, magnetic field, and sample orientation we are able to explain the origin of the THz emission with the photocurrents generated via the photon drag effect. A thorough symmetry analysis combined with electronic band structure calculations using density-functional theory (DFT) are used to support our conclusions and provide a guide towards the important features that lead to photocurrent generation, which is useful for designing ultra-fast current pulses emitters.
Bayesian inference elucidates fault-system anatomy and resurgent earthquakes induced by continuing saltwater disposal
Authors: Vasyura-Bathke Hannes , Dettmer Jan , Biegel Katherine , Salvage Rebecca O. , Eaton David , Ackerley Nicolas , Samsonov Sergey , Dahm Torsten
Published: November 2023

An earthquake sequence in western Canada exhibits resurgent aftershocks, possibly in response to persistent, post-mainshock saltwater disposal. Here, we reduce uncertainty in mainshock source parameters with joint inference of interferometric synthetic aperture radar and seismic waveform data, showing that the mainshock nucleated at about 5-km depth, propagating up-dip toward the injection source, and arresting at about 2-km depth. With precise hypocenter relocations and Bayesian inference, we reveal that four subparallel faults were reactivated, likely part of a regional, basement-rooted graben system. The reactivated faults appear to be truncated by a conjugate fault that is misoriented for slip in the present-day stress regime. The nearest saltwater disposal well targets a permeable Devonian reef in direct contact with Precambrian basement, atop a ridge-like uplift. Our observations show that a fault system can be activated more than a decade after saltwater disposal initiation, and continued disposal may lead to a resurgence of seismicity.
A 37-year record of ocean acidification in the Southern California current
Authors: Wolfe Wiley H. , Martz Todd R. , Dickson Andrew G. , Goericke Ralf , Ohman Mark D.
Published: November 2023

Long-term ocean time series have proven to be the most robust approach for direct observation of climate change processes such as Ocean Acidification. The California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) program has collected quarterly samples for seawater inorganic carbon since 1983. The longest time series is at CalCOFI line 90 station 90 from 1984–present, with a gap from 2002 to 2008. Here we present the first analysis of this 37- year time series, the oldest in the Pacific. Station 90.90 exhibits an unambiguous acidification signal in agreement with the global surface ocean (decrease in pH of −0.0015 ± 0.0001 yr−1), with a distinct seasonal cycle driven by temperature and total dissolved inorganic carbon. This provides direct evidence that the unique carbon chemistry signature (compared to other long standing time series) results in a reduced uptake rate of carbon dioxide (CO2) due to proximity to a mid-latitude eastern boundary current upwelling zone. Comparison to an independent empirical model estimate and climatology at the same location reveals regional differences not captured in the existing models.
Activation of Stable Molecules by Microwave Catalytic Processing
Authors: Li Lili , Jiang Changle , Robinson Brandon , Brown Siobhan , Caiola Ashley , Araia Alazar , Wang Yuxin , Bai Xinwei , Tiwari Sarojini , Hu Jianli
Published: November 2023

This chapter introduces the applications of microwave energy combined with heterogeneous catalysis for the conversion of stable molecules, such as CH4, N2 and CO2, to value added chemicals. Experimental results show that methane and N2 can be simultaneously activated in a single-stage microwave-heated reactor to form ammonia, ethylene, and acetylene at atmospheric pressure. Microwave irradiation can also induce oxidative dehydrogenation of methane and ethane using CO2 as a mild oxidant. The chapter illustrates that microwave catalysis as a transformational technology has the potential to increase energy efficiency across various industries and decarbonize high GHG-emitting industrial subsectors including ammonia, ethylene and BTX.
Microwave-assisted Pyrolysis of Municipal Solid Wastes for Energy, Fuel, and Chemical Production
Authors: Dai Leilei , Guo Jianfei , Chen Junhui , Cobb Kirk , Cheng Yanling , Chen Paul , Lei Hanwu , Ruan Roger
Published: November 2023

This chapter provides readers with an insight into how to extract valuable materials and energy from municipal solid waste (MSW) via microwave-assisted pyrolysis. The chapter begins with a brief overview of municipal solid waste composition and management followed by a description of the microwave-assisted pyrolysis process, mechanisms involved in microwave heating, and advantages of microwave heating over conventional heating. Two typical cases of microwave-assisted pyrolysis, namely, plastic and biomass conversion, are introduced. Finally, the importance of further research and development is highlighted for reference.
Microwave-augmented Carbon Capture
Authors: Ramanarayanan K. T. , Shankar Krishna , Singh Satyapaul A. , Sreedhar Inkollu
Published: November 2023

Although carbon capture methods have been applied for the last few decades due to increasing awareness of global warming and climate change, there has been a surge in the use of microwave assistance for synthesis and regeneration in carbon capture in recent years. This chapter focuses solely on microwave assistance in carbon capture and the future challenges and prospects associated with this technology in this field. Microwave assistance was found to reduce the cost involved and production time required to synthesise CO2 adsorbents, which are expensive. Similarly, the energy consumed during the regeneration of CO2 absorbents and the efficiency of this process were enhanced when microwave heating was used. In general, microwave assistance improved CO2 selectivity and capacity as it positively affected the morphology of the sorption material. Novel techniques for using naturally occurring raw materials for microwave assisted production which could lead to carbon neutral processes have also been presented. Microwave irradiation can also be used in the synthesis of materials used for membrane separation and oxyfuel combustion carbon capture. Some challenges such as the greenness of energy sources for microwave heating still remain. Having said that, this chapter clearly highlights the advantages of microwave irradiation over conventional heating methods.
Dielectric, pyroelectric, and ferroelectric studies in (1 − x)AgNbO3–xFeNbO4 lead-free ceramics
Authors: Moradi Parastoo , Taheri-Nassaj Ehsan , Yourdkhani Amin , Mykhailovych Vasyl , Diaconu Andrei , Rotaru Aurelian
Published: November 2023

(1 − x)AgNbO3–xFeNbO4 ceramics exhibit a high pyroelectric coefficient (2270 nC cm−2 K−1) and a high real part of the permittivity (ε′) at room temperature (738.7) for x = 0.1.
Lead halide coordination competition at buried interfaces for low VOC-deficits in wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells
Authors: Cui Hongsen , Huang Lishuai , Zhou Shun , Wang Chen , Hu Xuzhi , Guan Hongling , Wang Shuxin , Shao Wenlong , Pu Dexin , Dong Kailian , Zhou Jin , Jia Peng , Wang Weizhong , Tao Chen , Ke Weijun , Fang Guojia
Published: November 2023

A simple and straightforward interface engineering strategy, using stacked layers of small molecules (2PACz/Me-4PACz) as hole-selective layers, resulted in the formation of a dense buried interface perovskite film.
Designed metal–organic π-clusters combining the aromaticity of the metal cluster and ligands for a third-order nonlinear optical response
Authors: Wang Zirui , Yan Yayu , Chen Jiali , Li Qiao-Hong , Zhang Jian
Published: November 2023

“Metal–organic π-clusters” were proposed, combining the π-electrons of both the cluster core and ligand for significant applications in third-order nonlinear optical materials.
A latest-generation fluoride with excellent structural stiffness for ultra-efficient photoluminescence and specific four-peak emission temperature sensing
Authors: Li Kejie , Dai Mengmeng , Fu Zuoling , Wang Zhiying , Xu Hanyu , Wang Rong
Published: November 2023

LiYF4:Ln3+ exhibits multi-wavelength-excitation self-sensitization, ultra-efficient PL and specific four-peak emission temperature sensing, as confirmed from crystal structure, electronic band, morphological, and structural stiffness analysis.
Production, surface modification, physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and bioimaging applications of nanodiamonds
Authors: Tegafaw Tirusew , Liu Shuwen , Ahmad Mohammad Yaseen , Ali Al Saidi Abdullah Khamis , Zhao Dejun , Liu Ying , Yue Huan , Nam Sung-Wook , Chang Yongmin , Lee Gang Ho
Published: November 2023

Nanodiamonds (ND) are chemically inert and stable owing to their sp3 covalent bonding structure, but their surface sp2 graphitic carbons can be easily homogenized with diverse functional groups via oxidation, reduction, hydrogenation, amination, and halogenation.
Frontiers of molecular crystal structure prediction for pharmaceuticals and functional organic materials
Authors: Beran Gregory J. O.
Published: November 2023

Molecular crystal structure prediction has matured to the point where it can routinely facilitate the discovery and design of new organic materials.
Selective regression models for the rapid upgrading of raw sugar into 5-HMF bio-fuel additive under a sustainable/reusable system
Authors: Maneechakr Panya , Kurnia Irwan , Bayu Asep , Farobie Obie , Samart Chanatip , Kongparakul Suwadee , Guan Guoqing , Karnjanakom Surachai
Published: November 2023

Rapid upgrading of sugar into 5-HMF bio-fuel additive product was perfectly achieved under a reusable system over ChCl + S@Fe-Cu-C catalysts.
Optimization of iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI-guided magnetic hyperthermia tumor therapy: reassessing the role of shape in their magnetocaloric effect
Authors: Paez-Muñoz José María , Gámez Francisco , Fernández-Afonso Yilian , Gallardo Roberto , Pernia Leal Manuel , Gutiérrez Lucía , de la Fuente Jesús M. , Caro Carlos , García-Martín María Luisa
Published: November 2023

Deciphering the most suitable shape to improve the magnetocaloric effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for in vivo magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) of high-grade gliomas.
System for PCB Defect Detection Using Visual Computing and Deep Learning for Production Optimization
Authors: de Oliveira Gabriel Gomes , Caumo Vaz Gabriel , Antonio Andrade Marcos , Iano Yuzo , Ronchini Ximenes Leandro , Arthur Rangel
Published: November 2023

With the growing competition between the various manufacturers of electronic products, the quality of the products developed and the consequent confidence in the brand are fundamental factors for the survival of companies. To guarantee the quality of the products in the manufacturing process, it is crucial to identify defects during the production stage of an electronic device. This study presents a system based on traditional visual computing and new deep learning methods to detect defects in electronic devices during the manufacturing process. A prototype of the proposed system was developed and manufactured for direct use in the production line of electronic devices. Tests were performed using a particular smartphone model that had 22 critical components to inspect and the results showed that the proposed system achieved an average accuracy of more than 90% in defect detection when it was directly used in the operational production line. Other studies in this field perform measurements in controlled laboratory environments and identify fewer critical components. Therefore, the proposed method is a real‐time high‐performance system. Furthermore, the proposed system conforms with the Industry 4.0 goal that process system digitization is essential to improve indicators and optimize production.
Unbalanced magnetic pull in angular eccentricity magnetic screw
Authors: Liu Zhengmeng , Chen Qian , Zhou Huawei , Liu Guohai
Published: November 2023

This paper investigates the unbalanced magnetic force (UMF) produced by angular eccentricity in a magnetic screw. The principle of eccentricity is briefly outlined and an analytical expression that can be used to predict UMF of a magnetic screw is established. A 3D magnetic screw model with helically magnetized permanent magnets (PM) has been built and simulated in ANSYS Maxwell with different angular eccentricities. Comparing the finite elements (FE) simulation and analytical calculation results, there is a certain difference in the UMF of the magnetic screw, which is also caused by the asymmetry of the magnetic screw structure. It has been shown that compared to the linear tubular PM motor with the same thrust force capability, the magnetic screw has a much small UMF, which greatly simplifies the mechanical design of the magnetic screw.
Integrating renewable energy and V2G uncertainty into optimal power flow: A gradient bald eagle search optimization algorithm with local escaping operator
Authors: Hassan Mohamed H. , Kamel Salah , Domínguez‐García José Luis , Molu Reagan Jean Jacques
Published: November 2023

Here, a new approach is proposed for solving the optimal power flow (OPF) problem in transmission networks using a Gradient Bald Eagle Search Algorithm (GBES) with a Local Escaping Operator (LEO). The method takes into account uncertainty of the renewable energy sources (wind energy and photovoltaic systems) and Vehicle‐to‐Grid (V2G) in the stochastic OPF problem. To improve the efficiency of the proposed technique and enhance its local exploitation capability, the LEO method's selection features are utilized. Monte Carlo methods are employed to estimate the generation costs of the renewable sources and PEVs and study their feasibility. The uncertainty of the renewable sources and PEVs is represented by Weibull, lognormal, and normal probability distribution functions (PDFs). The GBES approach is experimentally compared with well‐known meta‐heuristics using twenty‐three different test functions, and the results indicate its superiority over BES and other recently developed algorithms. Furthermore, the proposed method's effectiveness is evaluated using IEEE 30‐bus test system under various scenarios, and the simulation results demonstrate that it can effectively address OPF issues considering renewable energy sources and V2G, providing superior optimal solutions compared to other algorithms.
DHA (omega-3 fatty acid) and estradiol: key roles in regional cerebral glucose uptake
Authors: Majou Didier , Dermenghem Anne-Lise
Published: November 2023

Neurons have a high energy need, requiring a continuous supply of glucose from the blood. Tight regulation of glucose metabolism in response to stimuli is essential for brain physiology. Glucose metabolism and cerebral blood flow are closely coordinated during neuronal activity to maintain proper brain function. Glucose uptake across the blood-brain barrier is facilitated by a carrier protein: the GLUT-1 transporter. The first way the body meets urgent demand for glucose is to increase the blood flow through vasodilatory responses generated by nitric oxide. If that is insufficient, the second way is to increase the density of GLUT-1 through the translocation of this transporter from intracellular stores. The third pathway is to increase GLUT-1 synthesis by stimulating SLC2A1 (GLUT-1 gene) transcription. A tandem of two key molecules, free estradiol and DHA, is involved in this critical regulation. Their relationship is synergistic and reciprocal: free estradiol with genomic and non-genomic actions via ERα, and DHA via the PPARα-RXRα and PPARɣ-RXRα heterodimers. We highlight several original mechanisms linking two main principles (neuronal stimulation and brain energy metabolism) with the fundamental roles played by DHA and free estradiol. In particular, it has been shown that from a certain level of chronic DHA deficiency, a permanent imbalance sets in with disturbances in glucose intake and brain metabolism. This DHA deficiency is an aggravating factor in some neuropathologies.
Bilateral spontaneous quadriceps tendon rupture: a case report and literature review
Authors: Alkhatatba Mohammad , Anaqreh Yazan , Essa Suhaib Bani , Alma’aiteh Ala’a , Ziad Audat Hamzeh , Obeidat Naser , Ahmed Marwan
Published: November 2023

Bilateral spontaneous quadriceps tendon rupture is a rare condition characterized by the simultaneous tear of the fibrous tissue connecting the quadriceps muscle to the patella bone. Prompt diagnosis is crucial for appropriate treatment and optimal outcomes. We present a case of a 70-year-old male with bilateral knee pain and an inability to walk, resulting from a trivial fall. Despite initial misdiagnosis, a thorough evaluation, including physical examination and imaging, revealed bilateral quadriceps tendon rupture. Surgical repair was performed, followed by a comprehensive rehabilitation program. At the four-month follow-up, the patient showed significant improvement in pain and function. This article provides a comprehensive review of the existing literature on bilateral quadriceps tendon rupture, emphasizing the challenges in the diagnosis and management of this rare condition. Early diagnosis, prompt surgical intervention, and a tailored rehabilitation program are crucial for successful outcomes.
Traineeprogramm für die einheitliche Einarbeitung und fachliche Entwicklung von Intensivpflegenden
Authors: Kulisch Jonathan , Ortmann Beate , Jungbauer Johann
Published: November 2023

Im Rahmen eines klinikinternen Onboarding-Programms hat das Klinikum Garmisch-Partenkirchen für sein Intensivmedizinisches Zentrum ein Traineeprogramm ausgearbeitet. Ziel ist die einheitliche Vermittlung von Wissen für alle Mitarbeitenden und somit die langfristige Sicherstellung der pflegefachlichen Entwicklung und Qualität. Das Modell könnte als Best-Practice-Beispiel auch für andere Kliniken interessant sein.
Kardiale Rhythmusstörungen durch Vibrationstherapie?
Authors: Bräunig Jochen
Published: November 2023

Dass Frühmobilisation von Intensivpatienten positive Effekte erzielt, ist mittlerweile wissenschaftlich solide belegt. Doch eine Frage ist nicht eindeutig geklärt: Können mechanisch oder maschinell erzeugte Klopfungen und/oder Vibrationen zur Sekret-mobilisation bei Intensivpatienten mögliche Prädikatoren für eine kardiale Arrhythmie sein? Die aktuellen Fakten hierzu sollen in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt werden.
Aspiration of a Blister Pack Tablet with Tracheal Obstruction and Perforation: Emergency Tracheal Repair with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support
Authors: Schweigert Michael , Parschke Patrick , Almeida Ana Beatriz , Kellner Patrick
Published: November 2023

Background Airway management in case of acute tracheal injury is a challenging situation where the use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) has recently gained more importance.

Case Description We report the case of a 60-year old women with aspiration of a large blister pack tablet causing acute tracheal obstruction with asphyxia as well as tracheal perforation with tension pneumothorax. As bronchoscopy failed to retrieve the blister pack, emergency tracheal reconstruction with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) support was carried out.

Conclusion The application of ECMO instantly alleviated the acute situation and provided excellent conditions for technically demanding emergency tracheal repair.
Social nucleation of counterhegemonic spaces
Authors: Iglesias-Buxeda Maite
Published: November 2023

In social movement scholarship, a varied array of concepts is used to describe different counterhegemonic social spaces (squats, urban gardens, civil/neighbourhood organizations, etc.), such as ‘autonomous spaces’, ‘spaces of hope’, ‘free (social) spaces’, ‘temporary nodes of resistance to capitalism’ (hereafter, TNRCs), ‘contested spaces’ or ‘social centres’. To link this variety of physical counter-spaces in a conceptual framework, a socioecosystemic approach based on the process of ecological nucleation is suggested. Thus, social nucleation refers to the process of the creation, maintenance, and evolution of spaces—physical or not—that modify their surrounding socioenvironmental conditions, facilitating the recovery of or fostering the functions of socioecosystems based on the existence of interactions. Social nucleation facilitates the emergence and development of a multiplicity of places (social nuclei) created by people with the objective of gathering and developing different activities. Social nucleation could add a holistic point of view to the discussion of the most common terms used in this field, acting as an umbrella concept for this set of different concepts. This can help us thinking about counterhegemonic spaces as a part of the whole socioecosystem and it is helpful in three ways. First, these related concepts can be united into a wider idea. Second, focusing on the common socioecological functions of these places could facilitate their classification despite their differences. These shared socioecological functions could also be used as a methodological tool to analyse these spaces within the dynamics of a social movement. Moreover, highlighting the common functions that these spaces share can help to visualize their significance for developing counterhegemonic alternatives, identities, and networks. Finally, the social nucleation process and socioecological functions can help us revealing the importance of activist networks for creating and maintaining these places.
Chemical bonding in lead oxide phosphate Pb10(PO4)6O and in supposed superconductor Pb9Cu(PO4)6O
Authors: Orlov V. G. , Sergeev G. S.
Published: November 2023

The electronic band structure and features of the charge density distribution in lead oxide phosphate Pb10(PO4)6O and the copper-doped compound Pb9Cu(PO4)6O have been studied by the density functional theory. Despite the differences in chemical compositions and crystal structures, the type of chemical bonding in the Pb10(PO4)6O and Pb9Cu(PO4)6O compounds was found to be similar to the type of chemical bonding that we previously revealed in high-temperature superconductors and in parent compounds for their production—monoclinic α-Bi2O3 and orthorhombic La2CuO4. Although the lack of experimental data on the electronic band structure and physical properties of the Pb10(PO4)6O and Pb10−xCux(PO4)6O compounds does not currently allow us to conclude that superconductivity could exist at room temperature and atmospheric pressure in the Pb10−xCux(PO4)6O compound, further studies of the properties of lead oxide phosphate and other minerals of the apatite supergroup might be useful for identifying new types of promising materials for the production of high-temperature superconductors.
The roles of surround inhibition for the intrinsic function of the striatum, analyzed in silico
Authors: Frost Nylén Johanna , Hjorth J. J. Johannes , Kozlov Alexander , Carannante Ilaria , Hellgren Kotaleski Jeanette , Grillner Sten
Published: November 2023

The basal ganglia are important for action initiation, selection, and motor learning. The input level, the striatum, receives input preferentially from the cortex and thalamus and is to 95% composed of striatal projection neurons (SPNs) with sparse GABAergic collaterals targeting distal dendrites of neighboring SPNs, in a distance-dependent manner. The remaining 5% are GABAergic and cholinergic interneurons. Our aim here is to investigate the role of surround inhibition for the intrinsic function of the striatum. Large-scale striatal networks of 20 to 40 thousand neurons were simulated with detailed multicompartmental models of different cell types, corresponding to the size of a module of the dorsolateral striatum, like the forelimb area (mouse). The effect of surround inhibition on dendritic computation and network activity was investigated, while groups of SPNs were activated. The SPN-induced surround inhibition in distal dendrites shunted effectively the corticostriatal EPSPs. The size of dendritic plateau-like potentials within the specific dendritic segment was both reduced and enhanced by inhibition, due to the hyperpolarized membrane potential of SPNs and the reversal-potential of GABA. On a population level, the competition between two subpopulations of SPNs was found to depend on the distance between the two units, the size of each unit, the activity level in each subgroup and the dopaminergic modulation of the dSPNs and iSPNs. The SPNs provided the dominating source of inhibition within the striatum, while the fast-spiking interneuron mainly had an initial effect due to short-term synaptic plasticity as shown in with ablation of the synaptic interaction.
A biosemiotics perspective on dogs’ interaction with interfaces
Authors: Mancini Clara
Published: November 2023

Understanding how animals might make sense of the interfaces they interact with is important to inform the design of animal-centered interactions. In this regard, biosemiotics provides a useful lens through which to examine animals’ interactions with interfaces and the sensemaking mechanisms that might underpin such interactions. This paper leverages Uexküll’s Umwelt theory, Peirce’s logic of sign relations and Gibson’s theory of affordances to analyze examples of dogs’ interactions with interfaces, particularly the role of the semiotic mechanisms of indexicality and isomorphism. Based on these analyses, the paper derives design implications, and proposes a semiotic framework to support the analysis and design of canine-centered interactions. The framework could be subsequently extended to support the analysis and design of interactive systems for other species.
Systematic iterative design of interactive devices for animals
Authors: Hirskyj-Douglas Ilyena
Published: November 2023

The numerous systems designed to facilitate animals’ use of computers often are specific to the animals involved, their unique context, and the applications – enrichment among them. Hence, several development methods have arisen in parallel, largely transposed from the human-computer interaction (HCI) domain. In light of that prior work, the paper presents a step-by-step guide for iteratively designing and constructing interactive computers for animals, informed by the rich history of HCI yet applying animal-centred principles, to enrich animal-computer interaction. For each stage in the iterative design (requirements, ideation, prototyping, and testing), the author reflects on real-world experience of building interactive devices for various animals. The paper concludes with overarching considerations vital for future practice of developing interactive computers for animals. Thus, it serves as a valuable reference and information source for researchers designing novel computer systems for animals.
Animal-computer interfaces
Authors: Pepperberg Irene M.
Published: November 2023

The field of animal-computer interfaces has a longer history than one might at first suppose. In this Introduction, I first discuss some of the early attempts to integrate computers into the study of animal cognition, communication, and behavior and how they provided the groundwork for subsequent research in nonhuman-computer interfaces. I then summarize the various contributions to this special issue, emphasizing how they provide a snapshot into the current state of the field. I close by emphasizing the value of this work but also by suggesting some potential pitfalls of which we must also be aware.
Introduction of Asymmetry to Enhance Thermal Transport in Porous Metamaterials at Low Temperature
Authors: Yang 杨 Yu 宇 , Ma 马 Dengke 登科 , Zhang 张 Lifa 力发
Published: November 2023

Introducing porosity with different degrees of disorder has been widely used to regulate thermal properties of materials, which generally results in decrease of thermal conductivity. We investigate the thermal conductivity of porous metamaterials in the ballistic transport region by using the Lorentz gas model. It is found that the introduction of asymmetry and Gaussian disorder into porous metamaterials can lead to a strong enhancement of thermal conductivity. By dividing the transport process into ballistic transport, non-ballistic transport, and unsuccessful transport processes, we find that the enhancement of thermal conductivity originates from the significant increase ballistic transport ratio. The findings enhance the understanding of ballistic thermal transport in porous materials and may facilitate designs of high-performance porous thermal metamaterials.
Sustainable modified pozzolanic supplementary cementitious materials based on natural zeolite, fly ash and silica fume
Authors: Sanytsky M , Kropyvnytska T , Ivashchyshyn H
Published: November 2023

The present study examined the effectiveness of pozzolanic supplementary cementitious materials (P-SCMs), such as fly ash (FA), super fine zeolite (SFZ) and silica fume (SF), in reducing the energy intensity and CO2 emissions of concrete based on ordinary Portland cement. Optimization of the composition of the P-SCMs was carried out by the simplex-lattice Scheffe method according to the criterion of pozzolanic activity. The type and level of P-SCM replacement was analyzed to improve cement paste properties and target CO2 reduction in concretes. It is shown that the combination of pozzolanic materials of different origin and granulometric composition helps to improve the quality of bended cements and speed up the concrete production process. Blends of pozzolanic P-SCMs results in environmentally friendly concrete with a significant positive impact on the environment. This can be considered the main initiative of sustainability of concrete production.
Enhancing the quality of the initial discovery of carbonate gas deposits in the Zahoryanska field zone by improving the drilling mud
Authors: Dmytrenko V I , Diachenko Yu H
Published: November 2023

The results of studies of the flushing fluids influence on the capacity-filtration characteristics of carbonate rocks are presented. It was found that hydrogel-magnesium fluids using desulfurized bischofite are the optimal flushing fluid for opening carbonate-type formations. Solutions of the hydrogel-magnesium type, with a relatively small depth of penetration into the formation, are distinguished, among others, by a high coefficient of recovery of permeability. After the application of such solutions and subsequent acid treatment, the pore space of the formation can be almost completely restored. The effect of the presence of sulfate ions in the bischophyte on the permeability and recovery coefficient of the carbonate core was investigated. It was established that in the presence of sulfate ions in bischophyte, the permeability and formation recovery in the presence of formation water decreases by 11.53 times, and when using pure bischophyte – only by 1.29 times. An improved method of preparing bischofite for use in washing liquids has been developed. The results of industrial use of the developed method are given.
Accumulation of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) in Procambarus Virginalis tissue in Dnipro river: ecological and hygienic aspects
Authors: Lykholat O A , Marenkov O M , Nesterenko O S , Lykholat T Y , Kvitko M O , Kobryushko O O , Lykholat Y V
Published: November 2023

At present among environmental toxicants, endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) gained the widest distribution due to their presence in chemicals in consumer products and food contact materials, pharmaceuticals, personal hygiene products, and as mycotoxins and phytoestrogens. They are used in animal husbandry as growth promoters and in crop production as pesticides and herbicides. EDCs pollution of water sources is becoming alarming due to the imperfection and difficulty of removing pollutants using traditional water and wastewater treatment processes. Given the EDS activity and genotoxicity, the discharge of these effluents may realize a high risk to aquatic organisms in the receiving environment. Natural and synthetic estrogens are among the most potent endocrine-disrupting compounds found in urban wastewater. The purpose of this work was to determine the concentration of hormones, namely estradiol and cortisol, in Procambarus virginalis hydrobionts of different ages from the Dnipro River in the city of Dnipro. In the presented work, based on a review of modern scientific sources and the results of our own research, emphasis is placed on the need to monitor the accumulation of hormone-like compounds in the tissues of aquatic organisms, namely crustaceans as markers of pollution of aquatic ecosystems by EDCs. The influence of substances destroying the endocrine system is especially dangerous during critical periods of the body’s development. In ecological conclusion, EDC accumulation in hydrobiont’s species may have a negative impact on species conservation. In hygienic aspect, these substances can affect humans through the food chain as consumers of fish products and seafood contaminated with such toxicants.
A system of environmentally important decision-making for the sustainable use of marine estuaries in the conditions of anthropogenic and climatic changes
Authors: Demchenko V O , Demchenko N A
Published: November 2023

Sustainable use of marine water areas is one of the priorities of preserving biodiversity and the environment as a whole. The problem of a clear plan of rehabilitation measures, which would be based on complex and balanced solutions arises for their effective restoration and further functioning. These decisions should take both environmental and economic aspects into account. Estuaries, unlike marine water areas, are more sensitive to anthropogenic and climatic changes. They are characterized by shallow water level, functioning in the conditions of limited water exchange, dependence on river flow and greater anthropogenic load compared to marine water areas. These features are the cause of more intensive changes in the structure of biocenoses, rise in emergency situations, loss of productivity and sustainability of ecosystems as a whole. Thus, there is a need to introduce environmental management for these reservoirs, which should be based on a multi-component decision support system. This system will make it possible to develop clear plans for the restoration of marine ecosystems and prevent negative changes and degradation in them. The proposed scheme for developing plans for the restoration of the ecosystems of estuaries is represented by three blocks. The first “Block of data collection” involves the implementation of 3 stages: assessment of the current state of the reservoir; definition of problems and their ranking; assessment of ecosystem services. The second block “Search for a solution” is based on 4 components: Component 1. Database management system; Component 2. Geoinformational system; Component 3. Mathematical and predictive models; Component 4. Informational and management system for choosing strategic and operational decisions. The third block “Implementation of measures” involves the implementation of 4 stages: environmental assessment of decisions and projects, implementation of environmental measures, evaluation of effectiveness, search for new solutions and their improvement. The proposed scheme will enable a comprehensive approach to the restoration of estuarine ecosystems and ensure their sustainable use.
Chromosomes of Pelophylax ridibundus Pallas, 1771 in different population systems of southern Ukraine
Authors: Suriadna N
Published: November 2023

This paper provides the comparative morphological analysis of P. ridibundus chromosomes in different population systems of southern Ukraine. A certain variability and heteromorphism of individual homologs and of whole chromosome pairs was established. The chromosomes of P. ridibundus in populations consisting of a single species (Crimea, Zalisne, Arabat Spit) are relatively stable in quantitative and qualitative terms. Karyotypes are more variable in the lower reaches of the Dnipro River and Kharkiv Region, where the hybridogenic taxon P. esculentus lives together with P. ridibundus. It is assumed that such a relative constancy of chromosomes of southern Ukrainian P. ridibundus in pure RR-systems indicates both a high potential of their resistance to factors and an intraspecific genetic balance. This study is especially important in terms of conservation and enhancement of genetic and biological diversity, which mainly ensures the sustainability of ecosystems functioning.
Factor analysis of the Wind Farm LLC wind park (Donetsk region, Ukraine) impact on bats based on the index of their activity and dynamics of species diversity
Authors: Gorlov P I , Horlova A P
Published: November 2023

In 2019-2020, research on the vocal activity of bats was carried out on the territory of the Wind Farm LLC wind park (800 MW), which is planned to be built near Mariupol (Donetsk region, Ukraine). There were used three methods of material collection: research on the vantage points, on transects and at a stationary point throughout the night. The total number of registered voices is 1554 signals, 695 of which are recorded in 2019 and 859 in 2020. The article shows the dynamics of voice activity by seasons and phases of the life cycle. Based on the activity index of mice, the dynamics of this indicator by months is shown. Forage and migratory behaviour of bats, calculated by determining the index of their activity, shows the average values. An analysis of the territorial distribution shows that bats confined to settlements and open water bodies. The species composition of bats, identified for 1235 signals registered in the territory of the projected wind farm, is stable and represented by widespread at least 10 species belonging to 6 taxonomic ranks. There were revealed some wind turbine generators near which the implementation of minimization measures is required. In total, according to forecasts, there are 10-16 such wind turbine generators within the Wind Farm LLC wind park. Monitoring the state of bats in the project area both during the construction of the wind farm and its operation is mandatory for the development and implementation of measures to minimize the possible negative impact on bats.
Some features of the systems for monitoring and diagnostic hydro units technical condition with considering smart grid technology
Authors: Zvaritch V M , Zaitsev I O , Myslovych M V , Levytskyi A S , Zakusilo S A
Published: November 2023

Recently, hydro units are used in maneuverable modes, which leads to an increase in the load on all elements of hydro units. It can lead to unpredictable failure of their components and even failures in the operation of the hydroelectric power plant. Therefore, the use of diagnostic systems is appropriate for solving such problems. The most promising non-destructive diagnostic systems are vibration diagnosis systems. However, the effectiveness of their use depends on the diagnosis algorithms, which depend on the features and functioning of the diagnosed unit of the power unit. In this work, some models of vibration signals of hydraulic units and features of the construction of vibration diagnostics systems of hydrogenerator units are considered
Short-term forecasting of electricity imbalances using artificial neural networks
Authors: Blinov I , Miroshnyk V , Sychova V
Published: November 2023

Currently, the problem of improving results of short-term forecasting of electricity imbalances in the modern electricity market of Ukraine is a current problem. In order to solve this problem, two types of neural networks with recurrent layers LSTM and LSTNet were analyzed in this work. A comparison of the results of short-term forecasting of daily schedules of electricity imbalances using LSTM and LSTNet neural networks with vector autoregression model (VARMA) was carried out. Actual data of the balancing market were used for the research. Analysis of the results shows that the smallest forecast error was achieved using the LSTM artificial neural network architecture.
High-quality education for better sustainability and resiliency
Authors: Prazian M V , Prykhodko V M
Published: November 2023

The world meets poly crises in climate, pandemic, energy, food, human rights, and migration; hot and cold wars have come in Europe and other regions. The scope of the tasks becomes unprecedented, and their complexity demands high-level skill sets and teaching culture. Education moves into epicentres of the fight for better sustainability and resilience. The United National Sustainable Development Goals Four (SDG4) supposes allocating and diligently using several trillion US dollars for the next decades. The ambitious goals drive the educational system to be at a decent level regarding outcome and process. Saving gratitude to functions of a fundamental human right, a public good, gender equality, and an absolute right to education for all, the author urges that high-quality education is the priority because it will help society to cope with a new level of challenges and even existential threats the climate-like. The article describes the methodology and the importance of soft-hard skills for teaching and learning. The secondary-based sources research illustrates practical results regarding the educational process. The Triple Bottom Line principle (Planet, Profit, People) encompasses many disciplines engaging the main aspects of sustainability and resiliency and climate change for the university curricula in a coherent way. The article considers future trends in high education and case studies connected with the European Green Deal, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) reporting and practical aspects of Green Growth and De-Growth Theory. The Quality of Education reflects the regulator’s requirements and social and personal expectations. Life-long learning becomes a norm. The authors consider university products, processes and platforms through the lens of future trends, threats and opportunities. In times of turbulence, the results obtained through students’ upskilling and reskilling programs should fit the demands of new jobs, technologies, and financial mechanisms.
Determination of components for heat storage material
Authors: Demchenko V G , Konyk A V , Dekusha H V
Published: November 2023

Today, the world is transitioning to the 4th and 5th Generation District Heating (GDH) systems of heating networks. The main advantages of 4GDH and 5GDH are the reduction of the temperature of the coolant to +50 – +60°C and the use of various designs and operating principles of thermal energy storage. Therefore, special attention is devoted to the search for new types of coolants, heat-accumulating materials and research of their properties and determination of optimal operating modes. One of the energy storage systems that has become widespread in recent years is the mobile thermal energy storage (M-TES) that has tanks filled with heat storage material. Specially created heat storage materials are often used, which work under the necessary technological conditions and meet the strict conditions of safe transportation of liquids. This article is devoted to the search for new components for the creation of heat storage material, which will be used in capacitor-type TES together with the “thermal core”, which is created from a material with a phase transition. As a result of experimental studies of the thermocycling process of water and aqueous solutions, depending on the components added, the priority components such as guar gum and xanthan gum were chosen.
Research and calculation of the levels of higher harmonics of rotary electric machines in active-adaptive networks
Authors: Khomenko I V , Nerubatskyi V P , Plakhtii O A , Hordiienko D A , Shelest D A
Published: November 2023

In the materials of the article, the parameters of the higher harmonics of the groove frequency are analyzed, which affect the reliability of the operation of electrical equipment and the loss of electrical energy in active-adaptive networks. The influence of higher harmonics of rotary electric machines on the modes of operation of active-adaptive networks and their power equipment is considered. It was established that this influence depends on the energy level of higher harmonics and the modes of operation of active-adaptive networks. A technique is proposed that allows determining the levels of groove harmonic components in the phase windings of electric machines. The calculation of the energy level of higher harmonics was carried out taking into account the electromagnetic asymmetry of rotating electric machines and asymmetric modes of operation of three-phase electric networks using the method of phase coordinates. The obtained results are based on theoretical and experimental studies of the influence of higher harmonics of rotating electric machines on the modes of operation of electrical networks and power energy equipment.
Fuzzy logic in the decision-making tasks of connecting renewable energy sources into the electricity supply system
Authors: Stepanenko V A , Zamulko A I , Veremiichuk Y A
Published: November 2023

The Third and Fourth EU Energy Packages, as well as the Energy Strategy of Ukraine “Safety, Energy Efficiency, Competitiveness” until 2035, define the development of electricity production using renewable energy sources among the priorities of the energy sector. In this situation, the decision-making process on the integration of renewable energy sources into the electricity supply system is of particular importance. The article develops a fuzzy model for assessing the risks of connecting (integration) renewable energy sources to the power supply system. The toolkit, based on logical rules, allows modeling various connection options. The data obtained can then be used to set requirements for the parameters of the electrical installation at the stage of issuing technical specifications to the customer. The modeling results demonstrate the adequacy of the developed knowledge base and the possibility of using it to develop a methodology for the controlled and efficient connection of renewable energy sources to the power grid.
The influence of electric transportation charging modes on the operation of the Ukraine’s Integrated Electricity System and emission levels
Authors: Ivanenko N P
Published: November 2023

This paper studies the potential impact of electric transportation charging modes on Ukraine’s Integrated Power System operation and emission levels. The non-linear integer least-cost model developed by the Institute of General Energy was used. Three electric transportation charging modes were analyzed. Calculations illustrate mainly positive effect of electric transportation on the energy system operation, particularly reduction of fuel consumption and emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants. The results would support the development of strategies for electric transportation development.