bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of different storage conditions on aflatoxin production in oven-dried tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Feruke-Bello Y.M. , Okeleye B.I. , Adesiyan I.M. , Adesiyan I.M. , Adefioye S.J. , Adefioye S.J.
Published: January 2025

Aflatoxin produced by Aspergillus species are carcinogenic and pose significant health risks to consumers of contaminated food  products.The storage conditions of oven-dried fish play a crucial role in controlling aflatoxin production. This study examined aflatoxin  production in oven-dried tilapia fish under different storage conditions. A total of 36 fishes were bought fresh, oven-dried and stored in  bamboo baskets and plastic containers. The isolation and Identification of fungi were carried out weekly for 4 weeks and and aflatoxin  was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The highest moisure content (%MC) of the oven-dried Tilapia  fish were subjected to temperature ranges 80 °C - 130 °C was 76.7% at 130 °C. The total fungal count ranges from 2.65±0.01 to 3.31±0.02  log cfu/g with the highest count recorded in covered bamboo basket while the lowest was from tightly covered storage plastic. Six fungal  isolates namely Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, mucor, yeast, and Penicillium chrysogenum were associated  with the stored ovendried tilapia fish samples. The oven-dried tilapia fish stored in bamboo baskets (opened and closed); and opened  plastic container were contaminated with three (3) Aspergillus sp. and a Penicillium sp. with aflatoxin B1 levels ranging from 0.62 to 0.90  ppb. Remarkably, no fungi or aflatoxin were detected in the tightly covered storage plastics (TCSPs) containing fish that were oven-dried  at 130 °C (designated as A) in sharp contrast to bamboo basket-stored fish which exhibited elevated fungal counts. The results obtained  from this study highlights the critical function of storage conditions in controlling aflatoxin production in oven-dried tilapia fish. The  application of best storage practices can decrease contamination, ensuring safer consumption and reduced health risks.
Effects of leaf blight caused by Colletotrichum and Lasiodiplodia species on the growth and yield parameters of melons (Citrulus and Leganaria species)
Authors: Ogunsola J.F. , Ogunsola K.E. , Ikotun B.
Published: January 2025

Melons (Citrullus lanatus (Thumb) Mansf. and Leganaria siceraria (Mol.) Standley) are vital vegetable crops in West Africa, valued for their  edible nutrient-rich seeds and oil. However, their production is impacted by leaf blight, while the economic yield loss caused by this  disease is not well documented. This study examined the effects of three blight-causing pathogens: Colletotrichum truncatum (Ct),  Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Cg), and Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Lt) on the growth and yield traits of melon. Three melon cultivars (Bara,  Serewe, and Bojuri) were artificially inoculated with these pathogens in two field trials using a randomized complete block design with  four replicates. Data on growth and yield parameters (GYPs) were analyzed using analysis of variance (p<0.05). The pathogens  significantly affected GYPs depending on the cultivar. In Serewe cultivar, Lt significantly reduced vine length (from 82.9 to 28.2 cm) and  the number of leaves (from 74.3 to 39.2). In Bara, the three pathogens reduced the number of leaves and number of vines, while a  significant reduction of vine length was caused by Ct (from 98.2±9.9 to 42.4±7.7cm) and Lt (98.2±9.9 to 41.5±13.6cm). However, the GYPs  of Bojuri was unaffected by the three blight pathogens. The pathogens also reduced the number of fruits per/plant of Serewe cultivar  (from 7.8±2.6 to 3.1±0.6) and weight of fruits/per plant (from 8.0±5.0 to 1.6±0.9 kg) and all the evaluated yield parameters in Bara except  weight of fruits/plant which was only reduced by Ct (from 3.1±0.8 to 1.2±0.8 kg). Lasiodiplodia theobromae (95.7%) and Ct (92.9%) caused  the highest reduction observed in the weight of seeds/plant of Serewe and Bara, respectively. This study highlights significant yield losses  due to Colletotrichum and Lasiodiplodia species in Serewe and Bara melon cultivars, emphasizing the need for effective disease  management strategies.
Evaluation of rodenticidal potential of yellow oleander (Thevetia neriifolia tuss.) seed powder in wild female African giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus W.)
Authors: Badmus H.A. , Fayinminnu O.O. , Adeyanju T.J.
Published: January 2025

Cricetomys gambianus is a wild rodent species attacking crops. Conventional rodent control is via the use of synthetic rodenticides with  health and environmental concerns. Thevetia neriifolia seed reportedly has rodenticidal potential in the laboratory rodents. However,  rodenticidal activity of T. neriifolia seed has not been evaluated in wild rodent species. Therefore, this study attempted to evaluate the  rodenticidal potential of yellow oleander seed powder in wild C. gambianus. Twenty wild-caught female C. gambianus were acclimatized  for 4 weeks in Animal house and randomly allocated into 4 groups including control. The T. neriifolia seed was dried under the shade,  blended, and mixed with a commercial feed with 4 different concentrations of the seed powder (0%, 20%, 40%, and 80%) and then turned  to pellet. The acclimatized animals were fed with appropriate concentrations of the formulated feed for 8 weeks. Body-Weight and Feed- Intake of the animals were taken. Their behavior before and after introduction of the feed was also recorded. At termination, tissue  samples (Kidney, Liver, and Heart) were collected for histopathology analysis. Data were analyzed in SPSS using ANOVA and means  separated using DMRT at α . The results showed no significant effect on the animals' mean Body-Weight and Feed- 0.05 Intake (p˃0.05).  No mortality and behavioral changes were observed in the animals at all the concentrations. No visible lesions in the kidney, liver, and  heart across the treatment groups compared to control. In conclusion, T. neriifolia seed powder did not have rodenticidal effect on the  wild female C. gambianus. Therefore, it could not be used as a rodenticide in the management of wild rodent species population.
Effect of colchicine induction on the phenotypic, mineral and phytochemical compositions of Amarantus cruentus L.
Authors: Komolafe R.J. , Akinola J.S. , Alabi S.A. , Oseni M.O. , Oluwajobi A.O. , Chukwuma D.M.
Published: January 2025

The development of genetically improved crops by breeders to meet the needs of farmers and populace requires the induction of genetic  variability in crops to produce unique variants. Colchicine-induced mutagenesis has emerged as a promising technique for  generating genetic variations and improving plant characteristics. The study investigated the impact of varying concentrations of  colchicine on the phenotypic traits, mineral, and phytochemical compositions of Amaranthus cruentus. The research was conducted at  the screen house of the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. The seeds of  Amaranthus cruentus were planted in plastic bowls with varying concentrations of colchicine (0.1 g/ml, 0.2 g/ml, and 0.3 g/ml) of  colchicine, while 0.0 serves as the control and the experiment was set up in triplicates. The subsequent effects on the phenotypic traits,  phytochemical and mineral compositions were evaluated at maturity. Phenotypic traits including plant height, leaf size, leaf shape, and inflorescence characteristics were assessed. Phytochemical and mineral compositions of the matured plants were also determined. The  results reveal significant variations at p ≤ 0.05 in phenotypic traits among the mutant lines compared to the control group. Changes in  growth patterns, and leaf morphology were observed, indicating successful induction of genetic variations through colchicine treatment.  The mineral profiles including iron, zinc, calcium, sodium, potassium, manganese and phytochemical compositions such as flavonoids,  phenols and tannins of the mutant lines exhibited notable differences compared to the control, suggesting that colchicine-induced  mutagenesis influenced mineral accumulation in Amaranthus cruentus. The results suggest that colchicine has a dose-dependent effect  on the morphological characteristics, mineral and phytochemical compositions of the plant.
Modification of bitter yam (Dioscorea dumetorum) starch by octenyl succinic anhydride and microwave irradiation treatment: Preparation, morphology, structure, and functionality
Authors: Awokoya K.N. , Oninla V.O. , Famojuro A.T. , Adeola S.O. , Aminu N.F. , Odekanle S.O , Ukeka B.C.
Published: January 2025

Starch was extracted from bitter yam (Dioscorea dumetorum) and subsequently modified through esterification (succinylation) and  microwave treatment. The functional properties of the starches were then examined. Proximate composition analysis showed that, after  modification, the succinylated (OSABS) and microwavetreated (MTBS) starches exhibited lower moisture content but higher levels of  protein, ash, crude fiber, and fat compared to the untreated bitter yam starch (UBS). Both modifications substantially improved the  swelling power and solubility profile of OSABS and MTBS at 80 °C. SEM micrographs revealed no surface damage for the OSABS sample,  but showed major granule damage for the MTBS, with the granules appearing shriveled and collapsed. The starches were further  characterized using FTIR, TGA, XRD, and light spectroscopy. Gelation studies indicated that the UBS sample is a superior gelling agent  compared to the modified derivatives. All forms of modification raised the pasting temperature but reduced the peak, trough,  breakdown, setback, and final viscosities. Additionally, the modified starches demonstrated excellent paste clarity and pasting properties, making them suitable for specific applications in the industries. Overall, modifying bitter yam starch resulted in changes to its properties,  thus, using octenyl succinic anhydride and microwave treatment may be a superior alternative to conventional modification methods.
Polymorphism of the callipyge gene in the Esme sheep breed
Authors: Bilici E.
Published: January 2025

Mutation of the candidate gene, callipyge (CLPG), causes muscular hypertrophy, primarily in the pelvic and hind limbs, and therefore has a major impact on sheep development and quality. Finding the CLPG gene polymorphism in the Esme sheep breed was the study's main goal. DNA from 50 Esme sheep blood samples was used as the study material in this investigation. The CLPG/FaqI polymorphism was examined in all sheep using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique, following which, only the A allele and AA genotype were found. The results of this study indicate that the CLPG/Faq1 polymorphism in the Esme breed is monomorphic. This study is the first to examine the CLPG gene polymorphism in the breed.
Production performance of broiler chickens fed mash and pelleted pearl millet-based diets
Authors: Hafeni-Shihepo S.
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the production performance of broiler chickens (Cobb-500) fed on mash and pelleted pearl millet-based diets. A completely randomised experimental design with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments was used. Two feed processing methods (grinding and pelleting) and three replacement levels (50%, 75%, and 100%) were evaluated. A commercial diet (0% pearl millet) was used as a control diet. The pearl millet-based finisher diets were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous (17% crude protein) and iso-caloric (11.5 MJ ME/kg); however, the 75% and 100% pearl millet-based diets had higher crude protein (16% and 16.7%, respectively) and crude fat (6.76% and 8.1%, respectively) concentrations than the maize-based diet (15% crude protein and 4.48% fat). Pelleting substantially increased the crude protein content when maize was replaced with pearl millet at 50% (from 140 g/kg to 164 g/kg) and at 75% (from 160 g/kg to 169 g/kg). Pelleting had no marked effects on the crude protein content of the total replacement (100%) diet. Pelleting negatively influenced the calcium and fat contents of the broiler diets. Replacement of maize with pearl millet grains did not substantially affect the live body weights, weight gains, or feed conversion ratios of the broilers. Pelleting also had no marked impact on the performance of the broiler chickens. Based on the findings of this study, pearl millet can replace maize up to 100% in broiler diets. Pearl millet-based diets can successfully be pelleted, without adverse effects on the feeding value and growth performance of broilers.
Effects of udder characteristics on milk yield and milk quality in Eşme sheep
Authors: Bakan Nurettin , Alapala Sibel
Published: January 2025

The current study was conducted on 38 sheep in a private enterprise engaged in the breeding of Eşme sheep in Uşak province, and measurements were taken on the 30th and 60th days of lactation. Sheep were classified according to udder type, and the relationship between udder type, udder characteristics, milk yield, and milk quality was investigated. The effect of udder type on milk yield and milk quality was found to be inconsequential. The measurement date was found to have a substantial effect on udder depth, udder circumference, udder width, distance between teats, the distance between teat and ground, as well as on milk yield and milk quality. At the beginning of the lactation, the milk was of higher quality, but as the lactation progressed, both the quality and yield decreased. There was an effect of birth type on milk quality characteristics; milk quality decreased with multiple births. Quality characteristics including fat, dry matter, density, protein, lactose, and freezing point values were examined. Udder measurements and udder types of Eşme sheep are suitable for milking, and the breed satisfies breeders in terms of milk quality. Increasing support is necessary to promote the breeding of Eşme sheep.
Non-genetic sources of variation influencing yield and composition of milk production parameters in South African Saanen goats
Authors: Malemela M.J. , Nemutandani K.R. , Tada O.
Published: January 2025

This study tested the importance of non-genetic effects on average lactation performance in yields of milk, fat, protein, and lactose; urea concentration; persistency; somatic cell count; net returns; as well as estimated phenotypic relationships between dam kidding age and these parameters in the South African Saanen goat population kidding between 1955 and 2018. Analysis of variance was carried out to test for effects; Pearson’s correlation coefficients between phenotypic traits were estimated. Dam parity and birth year substantially influenced all parameters studied. Dam birth season was an important factor of variation for all parameters except milk yield, urea concentration, and net returns. There was a substantial variation due to dam kidding season in all parameters except protein yield and urea concentration, with dams kidding in spring attaining the highest average lactation milk and lactose yields. Dams giving birth to triplets attained the highest values for average lactation milk yield, lactose yield, and net returns. Pearson’s correlation estimations indicated negative associations between dam kidding age and all parameters investigated except somatic cell count (rp= 0.189). Nongenetic factors determine to what extent the genetic potential of animals is expressed. Dam parity, birth year, kidding age, litter size, birth, and kidding season should be adjusted for when comparing average lactation performance of various milk production parameters in this population. For optimal lactation performance, planned breeding should be applied for spring kidding. There is a need to estimate genetic correlation values for the various traits studied to evaluate their response to selection.
Effects of STAT5B and BMPR-1B genes on growth and production traits in Red Jungle Fowl, Fayoumi, Hilly chickens, and their crossbreeds
Authors: Khan K.I. , Hazary E.H. , Miah G. , Das A. , Momin M. , Alvarez-Rodriguez M. , Wright D. , Rodriguez-Martinez H.
Published: January 2025

This study explored the genome sequence, genetic diversity, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the STAT5B and BMPR-1B genes, and their association across Red Jungle Fowl (RJF), Fayoumi (Fay), and Hilly chickens, as well as in Hilly Reddish Brown (RB) × Fay crossbreed chickens. A cohort comprising 40 cocks and 320 hens of each chicken genotype (except for RJF, where 4 cocks and 12 hens were utilized), was raised from day-old to 1-y of age. Genotyping of 30 chickens of each population except RJF for SNPs was performed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, with genotype frequencies compared using the chi-square test. Marker-trait association analyses were carried out using estimated breeding values. Genetic flow among breeds and diversity was assessed using molecular co-ancestry and polymorphic information criteria. The AG genotype predominated over GG and AA genotypes in the STAT5B gene, whereas heterozygote genotype frequency exceeded homozygote genotype frequency in the BMPR-IB gene. Recessive gene frequencies surpassed dominant gene frequencies. Chi-square tests confirmed Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium for all genotypes. Mutations were detected in Hilly genotypes, with polymorphic information criteria values of 0.27–0.37 for STAT5B and 0.34–0.39 for BMPR-1B. The SNP marker of BMPR-1B was associated with mature live weight but not egg production. Phylogenetic trees of both genes indicated that the genetic distance among the genotypes was close. These findings suggest a shared ancestry among the studied chickens, with the STAT5B SNP emerging as a potential genetic marker for enhancing productive traits.
Effects of dietary grape pomace powder supplementation on the performance, egg quality, hatchability, and blood parameters of laying quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Authors: Zebari N.M.A. , Canoğulları Doğan S.
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with grape pomace powder (GP) on the performance, egg quality and hatchability, and blood biochemistry of quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). A total of 200 quails (323.90 ± 1.991 g body weight) were randomly divided into four treatment groups, with five replicates of ten birds each. The treatments involved dietary supplementation with GP at 0% (0GP), 1% (1GP), 2% (2GP), and 4% (4GP) of the basal diet for eight weeks. The results indicated that GP significantly affected feed intake, egg production, and egg weight. The 1GP and 2GP treatments had higher egg production and a better feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the other treatments. The lowest egg production and poorest FCR in the study were in the 4GP group. Feed intakes and egg weights were lower in the supplemented groups than in the 0GP group. The 1GP, 2GP, and 4GP groups had higher eggshell breaking strength, Haugh unit, and egg albumen index values than the 0GP group. Plasma total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in all GP-supplemented groups were lower than in the 0GP quails. The effects of GP supplementation on chick live weight and early embryonic mortality were significant, with GP supplementation considerably reducing early embryonic deaths compared to the 0GP group. In conclusion, this study showed that adding up to 2% GP to quails’ diets had no negative effects on live performance, improved some egg quality traits, decreased early embryonic deaths, and may have helped reduce total lipid and cholesterol levels.
Microplastic pollution in the German aquatic environment: Existence, interactions and research needs
Authors: Shrivastava Vikalp , Silori Rahul , Verma Soumya , Nandan Abhishek , Kumar Sanjeev , Giri Balendu Shekher
Published: January 2025

Plastics, once celebrated for their versatility, have now become a significant environmental threat due to their persistence, with microplastics (MPs) posing serious concerns. This study examines the prevalence of MPs across various environmental domains, focusing on their impact on ecosystems and human health, along with analytical procedures and treatment techniques. It has been found that Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is the most common analytical procedure for MPs detection. Few policies/steps have been formulated by international organizations/governments to impede the proliferation of MPs, which have been duly included herein. Germany, as Europe's largest economy and a major contributor to plastic pollution, surprisingly has a dearth of research in this area. So, this study focuses on MP pollution in the German aquatic environment and highlights alarming concentrations of MPs, with up to 11,050 particles/L in rivers and 9,000 particles/m³ in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Fibers dominate in shape, and polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) are the most common polymers, primarily originating from municipal/industrial wastewater. Based on these findings and identified gaps, the paper provides recommendations for future research and areas of improvement, such as standardized measurement units, more studies, and combined effects of MPs with other emerging contaminants.
Investigating Academic Dishonesty among Undergraduate Students: Do Gender and Majors Matter?
Authors: Dewi Damajanti Kusuma , Nurwidawati Desi , Agindaris Amjodti Laili , Maureen Irena Yolanita
Published: January 2025

Objective: The research aims to understand the extent of academic dishonesty among students in a faculty at a university in a developing country, defining the various types of dishonesty and pinpointing the factors that trigger such behavior; to formulate a profile of academic dishonesty as a guideline for the level of academic dishonesty in the faculty. The research involved subjects from eight departments, which had never been carried out by other researchers before. Method: Data were collected via a survey using a Google Form, employing the Academic Dishonesty instrument and tailored to the Indonesian context. This instrument, which consists of 23 items, covers six factors: cheating in examinations, plagiarism, outside help, prior cheating, falsification, and lying in academic assignments. Results: First, there is a significant difference in academic dishonesty scores between male and female groups, with a significance value of 0.019 (p < 0.05). Second, there is no significant difference in academic dishonesty scores based on majors between male and female groups, as indicated by the significance value of 0.060 (p > 0.05). The final conclusion is that there is no significant difference in academic dishonesty scores based on the interaction between gender and majors within each population group, as evidenced by the significance value of 0.331 (p > 0.05). This study contributes to filling a critical gap in the literature and offers valuable insights for developing targeted interventions across diverse educational contexts.
Development of Differentiated Learning Module with Undo Procedure to Improve Learning Outcomes Students on Function Inversion Material
Authors: Khairunnisa Muna , Rosita Cita Dwi , Setiyani Setiyani , Amiruddin Mohd Hasril
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study aims to develop a teaching module focusing on differentiated learning by applying the undo procedure to improve student learning outcomes and understanding of inverse functions. Method: This study is the development of a differentiated learning teaching module on the inverse function material using the four-D (4-D) model from Thiagarajan (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). Meanwhile, to determine the effectiveness of the teaching module, the research subjects were students of class XI SMAIQu (Qurani Islamic High School) Al Bahjah Cirebon. Results: The teaching module based on the Undo procedure was considered valid by experts, with an average validation score reaching the very valid category. This module is very practical, as evidenced by its ease of use by teachers and students' high level of readability (80–90%). The module effectively improves student learning outcomes, with an average N-Gain Score of 0.65 (moderate to high category). The module supports differentiated learning, allowing students to learn according to their abilities. Novelty: This module uses the Undo procedure as a learning strategy, which has not been widely applied in developing mathematics teaching materials, especially for inverse function material. The module integrates the principle of differentiated learning, providing solutions to the diversity of student abilities in the classroom. The module is designed to help students understand concepts through a procedural approach, which is rarely focused on in conventional teaching modules.
Analysis of Student Creativity Assessment Instruments: Supporting SDGs and MBKM in Higher Education
Authors: Setiani Rahyu , Widiasih Widiasih , Suparti Suparti , Dwikoranto Dwikoranto , Bergsma Lindsay N.
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study aimed to produce a valid and reliable Creativity Assessment Instrument that can be used in learning. Students' low creative thinking ability and the unavailability of a Creativity Assessment Instrument to measure creativity in the science field of elementary school students are the background to this study. Method: The instrument was compiled through the following stages: potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, and valid and reliable final results. Data were collected using a validation sheet. Data from the validation results were then analyzed quantitatively descriptively and then compared with the validity criteria table that had been set. As a result, the creativity assessment instrument has been designed to measure creative thinking skills using descriptive questions. Results: Assessment of the material, construction, and language aspects showed high and reliable validity in the categories. This shows that the instrument can be used in the context of learning to measure student creativity effectively. There has been an increase in the development of creativity assessment instruments to measure students' creative thinking skills in elementary school science subjects, which were previously lacking but are now increasing due to this research. Novelty: For further development research, it is recommended that creativity assessment instruments have broader topics and are also equipped with Student Worksheets that can not only measure creative thinking skills but also measure the creative process and creative products.
Optimizing EFL Education: A Boarding Language Program Management Model for Indonesian Islamic University Students
Authors: Famularsih Sari , Setiawan Ari , Rosyidha Alfin , Muflikah Binti , Tyas Umi Aisyah Sulistyaning , Fitriah Safinatul
Published: January 2025

Objective: This research investigates the development of an educational management model for a Boarding Language Program (BLP) designed to enhance the language competencies of advanced English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners at the State Islamic University in Salatiga, Indonesia. The study aims to (1) analyze the learners’ language skill profiles before joining the program, (2) propose a comprehensive management model encompassing curriculum, infrastructure, and student admissions, and (3) evaluate the model’s acceptability and effectiveness. Method: A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative data collection, including observations, interviews, and assessments. Results:  Results indicate that the BLP significantly improves language proficiency while fostering immersive, interactive learning experiences. The development model on educational management of boarding language programs on language aspects for advanced English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners is adequate or acceptable in improving learners’ language skills based on the result of the Wilcoxon test. Novelty: Findings suggest that the BLP offers significant potential for improving language skills and preparing students for global competitiveness, providing a replicable framework for other educational institutions.
Patterns and Development of Islamic Education in Andalusia and Sicily
Authors: Nasril Nasril , Yunus Muhammad , Chik Wan Mohd Yusof Wan , Fadzli Ahmad Iqbal Mohd
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study examines the pattern and development of Islamic education in two critical regions of Islamic civilization in Europe: Andalusia and Sicily. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of Islamic education patterns, identify the stages of its development, and compare the dynamics of Islamic education in the two regions. Method The research uses a qualitative approach based on library research by analyzing primary and secondary sources related to the history of Islamic education in Andalusia and Sicily. Results: Research shows that the pattern of Islamic education in Andalusia is systematic and structured with a comprehensive curriculum, including religious and scientific sciences, and has formal educational institutions such as kuttab, mosques, and madrasas. Its development experienced a golden age in the era of the Umayyad Dynasty with the emergence of the University of Cordova. Meanwhile, in Sicily, Islamic education is more informal and flexible, focusing on teaching the Quran and Arabic in mosques. Its development peaked during the reign of King Roger II, who implemented a policy of tolerance and multiculturalism. A comparison of the two regions shows that Andalusia has a more established and influential education system than Sicily. However, both contribute significantly to the transfer of Islamic knowledge to Europe. Novelty: This research lies in a comprehensive comparative analysis of the characteristics and dynamics of Islamic education in the two regions, which previously tended to be studied separately. These findings provide a new perspective in understanding the contribution of Islamic education to the development of medieval European civilization.
The Role of Islamic Values-Based Entrepreneurship Education and Government Support in Improving Students' Business Success in Islamic Boarding School
Authors: Sulistyowati Raya , Maula Farij Ibadil , Mahendra Angga Martha , Fahrullah A'rasy , Rahayu Wening Patmi , Ahmad Md Fauzi
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study analyzes the influence of entrepreneurship education on the success of businesses in Islamic boarding schools, with Islamic values as a mediating variable and government support as a moderating variable. Method: Employing a quantitative approach, the research utilizes a sample of 275 students engaged in business within their Islamic boarding schools. Data analysis uses the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)-PLS method. Results: The findings indicate that entrepreneurship education significantly positively affects the success of student-led businesses, directly and indirectly, through Islamic values. Furthermore, government support enhances the relationship between entrepreneurship education and business success. Novelty: This research is novel in its integrative approach, combining entrepreneurship education, Islamic values, and government support to understand the factors contributing to business success in Islamic boarding schools. The study emphasizes the importance of collaboration among educational institutions, government, and the Islamic boarding school community in fostering an entrepreneurial ecosystem rooted in religious values, essential for advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in quality education, decent work, and economic growth.
Role of the Virtual Space in Psychological Support of Adult Ukrainian Civilians During Wartime
Authors: Smulson Maryna , Nazar Maksym , Meshcheriakov Dmytro , Ditjuk Pavlo , Zinchenko Oleksandr , Starkov Denys
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the study is to find out the possibilities of digital technologies for providing psychological support to the civilian population during a large-scale war. The Taylor Anxiety Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and self-assessment of the level of ontogenetic reflection were used. A formative experiment and observation were conducted. During the experiment, the impact of a complex of online training on the psyche of virtual space users was implemented. A dependency of anxiety and depression indicators on military events and their perception in society was revealed. The results of calculating the Student's t-test based on the experimental sample data indicate that the anxiety indicators changed six months after the implementation of the remote training program (t=2.456; p=0.05). No significant difference was found between the results of the second and third anxiety diagnostics. A similar trend in the experimental group is recorded for the depression parameter. Reflection does not significantly change according to the indicators of repeated diagnosis (t=1.771). At the same time, other coefficients indicate a significant change in the structure of reflection after completion of distance learning courses (t=4.221; t=3.929; p=0.01). It was found that conducting distance training within a virtual space allowed to stabilize emotional characteristics and eliminate further destructive trends. The most effective organization of virtual psychological influx was found in the direct development of reflection. The obtained results can be used in the improvement of treatment programs for depression and anxiety, taking into account the possibilities of virtual space. Further prospects can be seen in the development of the effectiveness of psychological support programs on the Internet for military personnel and war veterans.
prohibición de pruebas genéticas previas a la contratación laboral y sus excepciones
Authors: Yago-Díez Rodera Zaida
Published: January 2025

Las pruebas genéticas inciden de forma directa en datos especialmente protegidos de las personas, estrechamente vinculados con los derechos fundamentales de la persona trabajadora, entre ellos la intimidad. La falibilidad de los estudios genéticos y la prohibición de discriminación genética que establece con carácter general el artículo 11 del Convenio de Oviedo, junto con el respeto que debe haber a la intimidad de los trabajadores, conducen a extraer una premisa general que prohíbe la realización de exámenes médicos genéticos como pruebas de selección laborales. No obstante, existen excepciones en las que no solo es posible, sino que bajo determinadas condiciones es necesaria la realización de exámenes genéticos previos al inicio de la relación laboral, al existir un "interés preponderante”. Se trata de profesiones con alto grado de responsabilidad, cuya normativa de acceso prevé la realización de dichas pruebas para detectar una afección genética monofactorial vinculada con la actividad a desarrollar por la persona trabajadora.
Utilizing Artificial Neural Networks to Predict Stuck Pipe in Southern Iraq Oil Fields
Authors: Khadim Ahmed , Assi Amel
Published: January 2025

A stuck pipe is one kind of downhole accident which characterized by high probability, complex handling difficulty, cost of manpower and material resources in drilling engineering. Historically, British petroleum company expenses money that related to stuck pipe events have overtaken 30 $ million annually, while other estimates suggest that industry-wide stuck pipe expenditures exceed 250 $ million annually. Most of the stuck pipe scenarios are ascribed to the sloughing and high-permeability shale formations, overpressured drilling fluid hydrostaticand depleted reservoirs. Artificial neural networks have been implemented in petroleum engineering over the last few years. In some situations, such models have outperformed models that utilize conventional statistical and regression analysis. The Artificial neural networks technique is especially effective in managing data with quality defects frequently encountered in drilling operations. Data was collected from 45 wells drilled in southern Iraq, and new models were developed using artificial neural networks to predict the occurrence of stuck pipe incidents. This study demonstrated the use of surface parameters, physical model calculations, and machine learning algorithms for the early detection of stuck pipe, which represents significant sources of non-productive time in drilling operations. Linking the drilling parameters during real-time drilling allows industry personnel to estimate the risks of stuck pipes and optimize the design of the drilling fluid based on the type of formation being drilled. The results indicated that incidents of stuck pipes were about 24 times more frequent in the shale formations compared to the gypsum and about twice as frequent as in the sand formations.
Assessment on Safety and Modification of the Terms of a Feed Additive Consisting of Bacillus Subtilis DSM 32324, Bacillus Subtilis DSM 32325 and Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens DSM 25840 (GalliPro® Fit) for All Poultry Species for Fattening and Reared for Laying/breeding (Chr. Hansen A/S) (RP2019)
Authors:   Food Standards Agency,   Food Standards Scotland
Published: January 2025

An application was submitted to the Food Standards Agency in April 2023 from Chr. Hansen A/S (“the applicant”) for the modification to the authorisation of an additive consisting of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32324, Bacillus subtilis DSM 32325 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSM 25840 (GalliPro® Fit), under the category of ‘zootechnical additive’ and functional group ‘gut flora stabilisers’ for its use in feed and water in all poultry species for fattening and reared for laying or for breeding. Modification to the current conditions of use of the additive is sought to allow simultaneous use with the approved coccidiostats monensin, salinomycin, narasin, nicarbazin+narasin and lasalocid.

The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP Panel) concluded that Bacillus subtilis DSM 32324, Bacillus subtilis DSM 32325 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSM 25840 (GalliPro® Fit) remains safe for the target species, consumers and the environment. The Panel concluded that the additive is not an irritant to the skin and eyes but should be considered a respiratory sensitiser. Skin sensitisation could not be concluded upon. The Panel concluded that the additive is compatible with the coccidiostats monensin, salinomycin, narasin, nicarbazin+narasin and lasalocid.

The FSA/FSS has reviewed the applicant’s modification to the authorisation application, supporting documentation, and other regulators risk assessments, most notably the EFSA risk assessment opinion, and considers that sufficient evidence has been demonstrated to conclude without the need for further questions or risk assessment.
Analysis of Erosion Rate and Sedimentation Rate at Batujai Dam sing USLE and MUSLE Methods
Authors: Lavidya Amartya Utari Ni Luh Putu , Wayan Yasa I , Saadi Yusron , Pradjoko Eko
Published: January 2025

The main source of reservoir sedimentation is land erosion in rivers. According to the Nusa Tenggara 1 River Basin Center, the Batujai Dam is 38 years old and has had very significant shallowing. The Batujai Dam is a dam that has problems with sedimentation, compounded by the presence of water weeds such as water hyacinths and land erosion. As a result of the sedimentation process, the dam that was built does not function properly, and its storage capacity decreases, leading to a reduction in the dam's function and agricultural land productivity. This study aims to determine the magnitude of the erosion and sedimentation rate that occurs in the Batujai Dam as a reference for controlling and maintaining the reservoir to overcome sedimentation in the future. The methods used in the analysis of erosion rates are the USLE and MUSLE methods, and sedimentation analysis is calculated using the Boyce SDR equation. Obtained erosion in the Batujai Dam with the USLE method is 630,273.84 m3/year, and with the MUSLE method is 654,369.59 m3/year. The annual sedimentation rate with the Boyce equation is obtained at 97,185.80 m3/year with the USLE method and 99,496.57 m3/year with the MUSLE method.
MUCOCELE LABIAL: INFORME DE CASO
Authors: López Velarde Diego Ariel , López Velarde Lizbet Salome , Escobar Noboa Ana Belen
Published: January 2025

Introducción: El mucocele labial hace referencia a un proceso de acumulo de saliva de extravasación asociada al trauma envueltas en un epitelio de revestimiento. Son lesiones que pueden variar en su color como azul translucido o color de la mucosa, fluctuantes y de crecimiento rápido. El sitio de aparición de la lesión con más incidencia es la mucosa labial inferior; sin embargo, las lesiones pueden aparecer en cualquier zona donde se albergue las glándulas salivales menores, mismas que afectan con mayor frecuencia a la población joven. Presentación del caso: Paciente de 16 años que no presenta antecedentes patológicos personales ni familiares que acude en compañía de su padre al centro de salud de su zona, por molestias en la zona labial inferior. El motivo de la consulta es la presencia de “Una bola en el labio inferior que lo tiene hace dos años y no desaparece” paciente manifiesta no existe dolor ni sintomatología aparente y no recuerda cuando ni como apareció. Se diagnostica mucocele de extravasación mediante estudio histopatológico, como tratamiento indicado se realiza biopsia excisional bajo anestesia local. Obteniendo una evolución positiva del paciente sin recidiva de la lesión. Conclusiones: Se determina que en el diagnóstico de la patología la inspección visual solo es un método presuntivo de primera instancia ya que es necesario la aplicación del estudio histopatológico para dar un diagnóstico definitivo, el mucocele es un quiste de tejido blando benigno que se relaciona al traumatismo de una de las glándulas salivales menores las mismas que se ubican con mayor incidencia en zona labial inferior, así mismo es necesario la exeresis total de la lesión para evitar recidivas.
ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DE DOS TIPOS DE LEVADURAS SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE Y SACCHAROMYCES BAYANUS EN UNA BEBIDA FERMENTADA A BASE DE ARROZ
Authors: Yancha Villalba Eder Gustavo , Delgado Ramos Andrea Verónica
Published: January 2025

Introducción: En Ecuador, las bebidas fermentadas conocidas como "chichas" son elaboradas mediante la fermentación alcohólica de mostos de frutas, vegetales o cereales, y tienen características distintivas según su origen. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de dos tipos de levaduras Saccharomyces cerevisiae y Saccharomyces bayanus en la elaboración de una bebida fermentada a base de arroz. Metodología: Se prepararon cuatro tratamientos con dos réplicas cada uno, se ajustaron a 10 y 20 °Brix para cada levadura. y se dejaron fermentar durante 5 días a temperatura ambiente (20 °C). Durante la fermentación se evaluaron pH, acidez y °Brix. Al finalizar la fermentación, se evaluaron grado alcohólico y presencia de metanol. Por último, se realizó un análisis sensorial del producto final. Resultados: Durante la fermentación se observó una actividad fermentativa similar entre las dos cepas utilizadas, esto reflejado en los parámetros físicos evaluados los cuales terminan en valores próximos: 4 a 6 °Brix, pH de 3.87 a 4.08 y acidez de 0.31 a 0.47% de ácido láctico. Al evaluar el producto final los tratamientos de 20 °Brix con S. cerevisiae y 20 °Brix con S. bayanus evidenciaron mayor contenido alcohólico con 9.1 y 9.5% respectivamente, sin presencia de metanol en ningún caso. Finalmente, el análisis sensorial reflejó apreciaciones similares por parte de los catadores, sin diferencias significativas entre las muestras en estudio y el testigo. Conclusión: El estudio demuestra que Saccharomyces cerevisiae y Saccharomyces bayanus son viables para la producción de la bebida fermentada a base de arroz, obteniendo buenas características fisicoquímicas y sensoriales.
FACTORES DE RIESGO Y ENFERMEDADES SISTÉMICAS ASOCIADAS A LA ENFERMEDAD DE PEYRONIE: UNA REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA
Authors: Bonilla Fernández Solange Aracely , Loaiza  Merino Iván Patricio
Published: January 2025

Introducción: La enfermedad de Peyronie (PD) es un trastorno del tejido conectivo que afecta la túnica albugínea del pene, causando una placa fibrosa que puede generar deformidades, dolor y disfunción eréctil, afectando a hombres entre 45 y 60 años. Objetivo: Realizar una investigación sobre los factores de riesgo y las enfermedades sistémicas relacionadas con la enfermedad de Peyronie, identificando los factores de riesgo para su desarrollo con la finalidad de mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes y destacar la importancia de una detección temprana. Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica de ensayos clínicos, metaanálisis y estudios descriptivos publicados en los últimos 5 años en inglés y español. Se analizaron 131 artículos de revistas urológicas a nivel mundial como Nature, Science, JAMA y bases de datos como PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science. Resultados: De los 51 artículos seleccionados, no se encontraron datos precisos en Latinoamérica y Ecuador por el subdiagnóstico de esta patología. Factores de riesgo como la edad, tabaquismo, microtraumatismos y malnutrición aumentan el estrés oxidativo. Se asocian enfermedades sistémicas, destacando las del tejido conectivo, vasculares y endocrinas. Discusión: La predisposición genética es un factor clave que facilita que los microtraumatismos inicien fibrosis. Lasenfermedades sistémicas, especialmente del tejido conectivo y vasculares, generan hipoxia y fibrosis en la túnica albugínea. Conclusión: La enfermedad de Peyronie afecta la salud sexual al causar curvatura y dolor en el pene. Su detección temprana permite tratamientos efectivos, mejorando el bienestar físico y emocional de los pacientes.
Enhancing Educational QA Systems: Integrating Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models for Context-Aware Learning
Authors:   Researcher, Silcion Valley Chapter-Oxford ALumni, Kok Arslan Ayse
Published: January 2025

This study explores the integration of Knowledge Graphs (KG) and Large Language Models (LLMs) to design a question-answering (QA) system in the field of education. The proposed method involves constructing a KG using LLMs, retrieving contextual prompts from high-quality learning resources, and enhancing these prompts to generate accurate answers to real questions related to major educational concepts.

The technical framework outlined in this paper, along with the analysis of results, contributes to the advancement of LLM applications in educational technology. The findings provide a foundation for developing intelligent, context-aware educational systems that leverage structured knowledge to support learning and enhance educational outcomes.
Advantages of Artificial Intelligence in Engineering Fields
Authors:   Work for al-Elafdistinguishable secondary school, Mumtaz Nagham
Published: January 2025

In this research, we will discuss artificial intelligence definition and its role in various fields of engineering and the advantage use in architecture engineering , civil engineering, chemical engineering, electrical engineering etc.

In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of the impact of using artificial intelligence in engineering and transforming traditional work that requires great physical

effort and a certain time into work characterized by accuracy, speed, and appropriate mental effort, in addition to innovation and continuous development in the paths of theoretical and practical operations in implementation sites, to improve efficiency and accuracy and progress of work