bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances in Single-Atom-Catalyzed Acetylene Hydrochlorination
Authors: Chen Zhibing , Wang Saisai , Zhao Jia , Lin Ronghe
Published: January 2024

The growing demand of PVC calls for a more sustainable technology for
its production. Nonetheless, acetylene hydrochlorination, an
industrially relevant technology for the manufacture of vinyl chloride
monomer of PVC, is hampered by the use of toxic and volatile mercury
chloride catalysts that poses severe threads to human health and the
environments. This stimulates numerous researches in the past decades on
hunting alternative candidates to replace the mercury catalysts. Among
the large numbers of catalyst fami-lies, distinct single-atom metal
catalysts have been predicted or demonstrated as promising catalytic
systems in the hydrochlorina-tion chemistry, thus stimulating a new wave
in the broader explorations of this distinctive catalyst groups in the
last five years. In this Review, we summarize the recent advances of
single-atom catalysts in acetylene hydrochlorination with the focus on
their syn-thesis methods, catalytic performance, and reaction mechanism.
The catalyst categories include single metal atoms of Au, Pt, Pd, Ru,
Cu, and Fe, and diatomic systems. Perspectives on the challenges and
directions for future development regarding the innovation of synthetic
strategy, recognition of performance descriptors, and developments of
on-site characterization techniques are provided.
A multi-functional near-infrared fluorescence probe for visualization of H2S and viscosity/polarity and its application for cancer diagnosis
Authors: Ma Ling , Zan Qi , Zhang Baozhu , Zhang Wenjia , Jia Chunmiao , Fan Li
Published: January 2024

As an important endogenous gasotransmitter, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays
a critical role in various physiological functions, and has been
regarded as a biomarker of cancer due to its overexpression in cancer
cells. In addition, the early stages of cancer are often accompanied by
abnormalities in the intracellular microenvironments. However, deep
insights into the simultaneous detection of H2S and viscosity/polarity
variations in cancer cells/tissues are rarely reported. In this work, we
developed a near-infrared (NIR) and mitochondria-targeting fluorescent
probe PDQHS, which exhibits high selectivity for H2S with an emission
peak around 632 nm, and excellent response to viscosity/polarity through
NIR emission beyond 706 nm. Meanwhile, PDQHS shows good
biocompatibility, and can specifically accumulate into mitochondria.
Using PDQHS, the visual distinguishing cancer cells from normal cells
was achieved via dual-channel detection of H2S and viscosity/polarity.
More importantly, PDQHS has been successfully applied to visual
diagnosis of tumor tissue. Obviously, this simultaneous monitoring
multi-markers via dual-channel is conducive to amplify the detection
signal compared to the de-tection of a single biomarker, thus providing
a more sensitive and reliable imaging tool for cancer diagnosis.
Unusual Formations in the B. R. Chinchorro Bank: Microatolls
Authors: Torruco Daniel , González-Solís Alicia
Published: January 2024

There are unique reef patches in the Biosphere Reserve Banco Chinchorro
reef lagoon that have an unusual formation. They appear to be miniature
atolls. These formations are at a depth of 2-6 m; however, a few meters
away, presenting flowering microatolls occur while others are strongly
impacted. In this context, to define the causality of this phenomenon,
an analysis of three of these formations was carried out; to try to
relate the structure of the corals that make up these formations to the
factors of the environment. Records in nictemeral cycles, twelve
environmental parameters, and micronutrients. Despite their closeness,
the diversity of these patches is high in two of them and very low in
the third. These results show notable differences that typify each of
them, according to their position on the reef (leeward and windward), in
addition, these patterns relate to the underwater scurry of possible
relict water that drains from the lagoon microsystem of the main island
of the reef, Cayo Centro, towards the microatolls.
Enantioselective Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-2-Oxindoles via Ni-Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Aromatic Bromides to a-Ketoamides
Authors: Tian Jiangyan , Li Wendian , He Lin , Lv Hui
Published: January 2024

Nickel-catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular addition of aryl halides to
a-ketoamides has been achieved to afford chiral
3-substituted-3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in excellent yields and high
enantioselectivities (up to 99% yield and 98% ee), which provides
efficient access to valuable molecules containing 3-hydroxy-2-oxindole
core. The gram-scale reaction proved the potential utility of the
methodology.
Soil rotation study
Authors: Mahour Pawan
Published: January 2024

Water and soil are very important for crops and water and soil are
interrelated components. Water and soil have an effect on each other. If
the availability of water is sufficient in the soil, then the beneficial
condition for the crop remains. The rotation of the soil is maintained
through water, due to which the useless factors of the soil are removed.
Due to the rotation of the soil through the medium of water, the new
layer of the soil brought by the flow of water is deposited on the old
layer of the soil and the utility of the soil remains. Soil rotation has
been studied in this article and an attempt has been made to know how
soil rotation is beneficial for the crop.
A Literature Review Exploring the Continuity of Mental Health Services from Infancy through Adolescence
Authors: Lanzon Patricia , Clark William , Bruns Deborah
Published: January 2024

This literature review analyzed the themes across infant mental health
through adolescent mental health continuation of services. Another aim
of this literature review was to identify the gaps in the continuation
of mental health services across childhood. Findings from this
literature review indicated a need for continuation of services to focus
on the child and their family, provide support over developmental
stages, as well as share information between agencies. Birth to age
three coordinated services projects that followed U.S. Part C of the
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act early intervention
coordinated services mandate were excellent with meeting the young
child’s needs. After third grade, the gap between continuity of mental
health service providers and the school system occurred. Adolescent
mental health programs took a wrap-around approach geared toward
minimizing residential/juvenile placement. Cross-cultural results
indicated policies that reduce child poverty and its effects while
nurturing resilience in children are likely to enhance physical and
mental health in adolescence. This literature review contributes to the
understanding that federal policy needs to include designated funds for
mental health continuation of services past age eight as well as
investing in the development of a centralized depository/database that
flags families for mental health support.
Defining the prodrome period immunologically
Authors: Hassan Kowthar
Published: January 2024

Prodromes of f infections have not been defined in terms of interaction
of host-antigen interaction. Here I propose defining the period of
prodrome immunologically
Ixora fernandoi (Rubiaceae), a new species from Dinagat Island, Philippines
Authors: Moran Cecilia
Published: January 2024

A new species of Ixora (Rubiaceae), Ixora fernandoi C.B. Moran, from
Dinagat Island, Philippines is formally described and illustrated. This
species is easily recognized from other known Ixora species by its
infloresceence that are erect to drooping, articulate throughout, flower
bud with rounded apex, calyx tube not more than 2 mm long; corolla tube
6–8 mm long; corolla lobes elliptic oblong.
Causal Relationship Between Glucose and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Cen JiePeng , Chen Kequan , Ni Ziyan , Dai QiJie , Lu Weipeng , Tao Heqing , Peng Liang
Published: January 2024

Abstract Background Association between glucose and inflammatory bowel
disease (IBD) was found in previous observational studies and in cohort
studies. However, it is not clear whether these associations reflect
causality. Thus, this study investigated whether there is such a causal
relation between elevated glucose and IBD, Crohn’s disease (CD) and
ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods We performed a two-sample Mendelian
Randomization (MR) with the independent genetic instruments identified
from the largest available genome-wide association study (GWAS) for IBD
(5,673 cases; 213,119 controls) and its main subtypes, CD and UC.
Summarized data for glucose which included 200,622 cases and glycemic
traits including HbA1c and type 2 diabetes(T2DM) were obtained from
different GWAS studies. Primary and secondary analyses were conducted by
preferentially using the radial inverse-variance weighted (IVW)
approach. A number of other meta-analysis approach and sensitivity
analyses were carried out to assess the robustness of the results.
Results We did not find a causal effect of genetically predicted glucose
on IBD as a whole (OR 0.858; 95% CI 0.649-1.135; P = 0.286). In subtype
analyses glucose was also suggestively not associated with Crohn’s
disease (OR 0.22; 95% CI 0.04-1.00; P = 0.05) and ulcerative colitis(OR
0.940; 95% CI 0.628-1.407; P = 0.762). In the other direction, IBD and
it’s subtypes were not related to glucose and glycemic traits.
Conclusions This MR study is not providing any evidence for a causal
relationship between genetically predicted elevated glucose and IBD as
well as it’s subtypes UC and CD. Regarding the other direction, no
causal associations could be found. Future studies with robust genetic
instruments are needed to confirm this conclusion.
Dose-dependent Mathematical modelling of Interferon-α-treatment for personalized treatment of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Authors: Pedersen Rasmus , Andersen Morten , Ottesen Johnny
Published: January 2024

Intro: Long-term treatment with interferon-alfa (IFN) can reduce the
disease burden of patients diagnosed with myeloproliferative neoplasms
(MPN). Determining individual patient-responses to IFN-therapy may allow
for efficient personalized treatment, reducing both drop out and disease
burden. Methods: A mathematical model describing hematopoietic stem
cells and the immune system is suggested. Considering the bone marrow
and the blood allows for modelling disease dynamics both in the absence
and presence of treatment. Through comprehensive modelling of the
effects of IFN, the model was related to individualized patient-data
consisting of longitudinal hematologic and molecular measurements.
Treatment responses are modelled on a population-level, allowing for
personalized predictions from a single pre-treatment data point.
Results: Personalized fits were found to agree well with data. This
allowed for a quantitative description of the treatment-response,
yielding a mechanistic interpretation of differences between individual
patients. Population-level treatment-responses were simulated. Based on
pre-treatment data and the actual treatment scheduling, the
population-level response was found to predict the treatment-response of
particular patients accurately over a five-year period. Conclusion:
Mechanism-based modelling of treatment effects demonstrates that
hematologic and molecular observables can be predicted on the level of
individual patients. Personalized patient-fits suggest that the effect
of IFN-treatment can be quantified and interpreted through mathematical
modelling, despite variation in hematologic and molecular response for
different patients. Modelling suggests that both hematologic and
molecular markers must be considered to avoid immediate relapse.
Furthermore, personalized model-fits provides quantitative measures of
the hematologic and molecular response, determining when
treatment-cessation is appropriate. Proof-of-concept population-level
modelling of treatment-responses from pre-treatment data successfully
predicted clinical measures for a five-year period. This approach could
have direct clinical relevance, offering expert guidance for clinical
decisions about IFN-treatment of MPN-patients.
Influence of epidural analgesia on obstetric and neonatal outcomes: an observational study considering parity.
Authors: Calero-Blasco Marta , Carrió-Font Marta , García-Bordería Carlos , Estarlich Marisa , Sanchez-Martinez Vanessa
Published: January 2024

Objective: To determine the influence of epidural analgesia (EA) on
obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional,
analytical study. Setting: Delivery rooms Participants: All the women
who gave birth in the Hospital XXX from 2013 to 2017. Methods: A
database was created. For maternal and neonatal outcomes, sample
segmentations were made according to Robson classification, newborn
weight, and type of completion of the delivery. Main outcome measures:
Maternal (termination of labour and perineal damage) and neonatal (Apgar
scores). Results: 5470 women were included. Nulliparous women (Robson
group 1, n=1501), with EA experienced more instrumental deliveries (18%
versus 6.3%, p<0.01), and caesarean sections (15.4% versus
13.8%, p=0.048). Multiparous women (Robson group 3, n=1525), showed no
statistically significant differences in the proportion of caesarean
sections with EA (5% versus 3.9%, p=0.35), but there was an increase
in the number of instrumental deliveries (3.3% versus 1.5%,
p<0.001). Of the births with vaginal termination (n=3981), the
percentage of intact perineum was higher in women without EA (13.4%
versus 23.2%, p<0.001). Apgar scores at one (8.9) and five
minutes (9.9) were the same for children born with and without EA for
women in Robson groups 1 and 3. Conclusions: EA was related to an
increase in the proportion of caesarean sections in nulliparous women;
higher proportions of instrumental deliveries and episiotomies, and a
smaller probability of maintaining intact perineum in nulliparous and
multiparous women. EA did not influence neonatal outcomes. Funding: This
study received no funding.
Insights into the Covalent Organic Frameworks Applied in High-Performance Nanofiltration
Authors: Song Yang , Hu Chaoquan , Li Chang , Yang Weisheng , Li Shaofu
Published: January 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have received considerable attention
in molecular separation due to their tunable structures. However, how to
determine the optimal number of layers for a COF is lack of theoretical
guidance while considering tradeoff effect between water flux and
rejection. Herein, the transport behavior of water and ions as a
function of layer number was investigated for multilayered
TpPa-(OMe) COFs with nonequilibrium molecular dynamics
simulations. With an increase in the layer number from 2 to 6, the ion
rejection was enhanced from 50% to nearly 90%. We attributed this
phenomenon to the dehydration of ions entering the pore opening and a
stronger interaction of Mg than water with the
internal groups of the COFs. Our data suggests that an optimal number of
TpPa-(OMe) layers is 6. Under these conditions the COFs
exhibited 90% MgCl rejection, whereas water permeance
is 2 orders of magnitude higher than commercial nanofiltration
membranes.
The first documentation of the Nearctic-Paleotropical migratory route of the Arctic Warbler
Authors: Adams Evan , Stenhouse Iain , Gilbert Andrew , Boelsma Jill , Gress George , Weidensaul C. , McIntyre Carol
Published: January 2024

The Arctic Warbler (Phylloscopus borealis) is a cryptic songbird with an
uncommon Nearctic-Paleotropical migratory strategy. Using geolocators,
we provide the first documentation of the migratory routes and wintering
locations of two territorial adult male Arctic Warblers from Denali
National Park and Preserve, Alaska. After accounting for position
estimation uncertainties and biases, we found that both individuals
departed their breeding grounds in early September, stopped over in
southeastern Russia and China during autumn migration, then wintered in
the Philippines and the island of Palau. Our documentation of Arctic
Warbler wintering on Palau suggests that additional study is needed to
document their wintering range. Our results indicate that Arctic
Warblers migrate further overwater than previously thought and provides
hitherto unknown information on stopover and wintering locations.
Discovery of a new CDK4/6 and PI3K/AKT multiple kinase inhibitor aminoquinol for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Xia Zhongkun , Qiu Jian-Ge , Li Hongjian , Chen Rong , ke Kunbin , Dong Chao , Zhu Ying , Wu Shiguo , Zhang Rongping , Meng Zhuoran , Zhao Hui , Gu Peng , Leung Kwong-Sak , Wong Man-Hon , Liu Xiaodong , Zhou Fengmei , Zhang Jianying , Yao Yating , Wang Sijia , Lin Marie Chia-mi , Shi XiNan , Jiang Binghua
Published: January 2024

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal malignancy
lacking effective treatment. The Cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6)
and PI3K/AKT signal pathways play pivotal roles in carcinogenesis and
are promising therapeutic targets for HCC. Here we identified a new
CDK4/6 and PI3K/AKT multi-kinase inhibitor for the treatment of HCC.
Methods: Using a repurposing and ensemble docking methodology, we
screened a library of worldwide approved drugs to identify candidate
CDK4/6 inhibitors. By MTT, apoptosis, and flow cytometry analysis, we
investigated the effects of candidate drug in reducing
cell-viability，inducing apoptosis, and causing cell-cycle arrest. The
drug combination and thermal proteomic profiling (TPP) method were used
to investigate whether the candidate drug produced antagonistic effect.
The in vivo anti-cancer effect was performed in BALB/C nude mice
subcutaneously xenografted with Huh7 cells. Results: We demonstrated for
the first time that the anti-plasmodium drug aminoquinol is a new CDK4/6
and PI3K/AKT inhibitor. Aminoquinol significantly decreased cell
viability, induced apoptosis, increased the percentage of cells in G1
phase. Drug combination screening indicated that aminoquinol could
produce antagonistic effect with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. TPP
analysis confirmed that aminoquinol significantly stabilized CDK4, CDK6,
PI3K and AKT proteins. Finally, in vivo study in Huh7 cells xenografted
nude mice demonstrated that aminoquinol exhibited strong anti-tumor
activity, comparable to that of the leading cancer drug 5-fluorouracil
with the combination treatment showed the highest therapeutic effect.
Conclusion: The present study indicates for the first time the discovery
of a new CDK4/6 and PI3K/AKT multi-kinase inhibitor aminoquinol. It
could be used alone or as a combination therapeutic strategy for the
treatment of HCC.
Assessment of the hemagglutinating activity of the Porcine orthorubulavirus.
Authors: Albarrán-Rodriguez Ricardo , Castillo Hector , Rivera-Benitez Jose Francisco , Campos-Montes Gabriel R , Espinosa Blanca , Madrigal-Valencia Tania , Salazar Erika , Ramirez-Mendoza Humberto
Published: January 2024

Blue eye disease (BED) in pigs is caused by Porcine orthorubulavirus (P.
orthorubulavirus) of the Paramyxoviridae family. It is an endemic
disease in swine production in the central region of Mexico and causes
nervous signs and high mortality in suckling pigs, pneumonia in growing
pigs, orchitis in boars and mummification during gestation. P.
orthorubulavirus hemagglutinates most erythrocytes of domestic species.
For serological diagnosis, the hemagglutination inhibition test is used,
and in this test, guinea pig, bovine and chicken erythrocytes have been
commonly used. In this investigation, hemagglutination with P.
orthorubulavirus was evaluated using the erythrocytes of seven domestic
species (chicken, bovine, horse, pig, dog, guinea pig and rabbit). In
the hemagglutination test, the following parameters were evaluated:
temperature (25°C and 37°C), bottoms of the wells (V and U), erythrocyte
concentration (0.5, 0.75, and 1%), and reading time (15, 30, 45, 60 and
90 min). Significant differences (P < 0.001) were found in
most of the evaluated treatments. The best hemagglutination results were
obtained with chicken, bovine and horse erythrocytes. The
hemagglutination titer is higher (2 dilutions) when using chicken
erythrocytes than when using bovine or horse erythrocytes. If chicken
erythrocytes are used in the inhibition of hemagglutination, the test
will be more sensitive, while it is more specific when bovine or horse
erythrocytes are used. The hemagglutination readings are imprecise when
using erythrocytes from dogs, pigs, guinea pigs and rabbits.
Erythrocytes from these species should not be used for the diagnosis or
investigation of P. orthorubulavirus.
LincRNA-NR_024015 rs8506 TT genotype contributes to the risk of sepsis in a southern Chinese child population
Authors: Gu Xiaoqiong , Li Jinqing , Li Hehong , Wei Bing , Che Di , Xu Yufen , Pi Lei , Fu Lanyan , Zhou Huazhong
Published: January 2024

Sepsis is a life-threatening heterogeneous syndrome due to a
dysregulated immune response to infection. Studies have shown that
genetic polymorphisms might have impact on the risk of sepsis.
LincRNA-NR_024015, also known as testis development related 1(TDRG1),
is a newly identified long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). It has been found to
participate in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling in
human diseases, but its relevance in the development of sepsis is still
unclear. In the present study, we genotyped lncRNA TDRG1 rs8506
polymorphism in 474 patients and 678 healthy controls recruited from a
southern Chinese child population using Taqman methodology. Overall, a
significant association was found between rs8506 polymorphism and the
risk of sepsis disease (TT vs. CC/CT: adjusted OR = 1.751, 95%CI =
1.024–2.993, P = 0.0406). In the stratified analysis, the results
suggested that the carriers of TT genotypes had a significantly
increased sepsis risk among the children aged 12–60 months, females,
early-stage sepsis and survivors (TT vs. CC/CT: ORage = 2.413; ORfemale
= 2.868; ORsepsis = 2.533; ORsurvivor = 1.822; adjusted for age and
gender, P < 0.05, respectively). Our study indicated that
lncRNA TDRG1 rs8506 TT genotype might contribute to the risk of sepsis
in a southern Chinese child population. Future research is required to
elucidate the possible immunoregulatory mechanisms of this association.
STROML: A standard machine learning dataset for diagnosis of stroke patients’ lesion location based on the Barthel index and Lawton IADL scale
Authors: Akbarfahimi Malahat , Ghaffari Amin , Nokiani Alireza Almasi , Dehghanizadeh Moslem , Bushehri Seyyed Mohammad Mehdi Fatemi
Published: January 2024

Stroke is the second cause of mortality and has third place in the group
of disabling diseases. Diagnosis of lesion location of patients with
stroke is one of the main factors to determine treatment approaches for
these cases. The usual methods in this diagnosis are time-consuming and
costly. Today, expert systems, a machine learning method, have been able
to reduce costs in diagnosing the disease. One of the most important
components of an expert system is the dataset. Because there is no
dataset for stroke patients, in this research, STROML, the first
standard machine learning dataset for diagnosis of stroke patients’
lesion location based on the Barthel index and Lawton IADL scale is
released. To show the efficiency of STROML, a hybrid expert model for
diagnosis lesion location of patients with stroke is proposed. The
proposed model contains two main parts: the neural-network-based
classifier and the rule-based classifier. In this model, a PNN
classifier is used as the neural-network-based classifier and a CART
algorithm is employed as the rule-based classifier. Experiment results
show that the proposed model can diagnose lesion location by more than
90% accuracy and can extract 10 diagnosis inference rules for this by
using STROML.
Assessment of Flood Hazard Areas Using Remote Sensing and Spatial Information System in Bilate River Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Danbara Teshale Tadesse , Belete Mulugeta , Tasew Ayele
Published: January 2024

Floods are considered as harmful and the most dangerous natural disaster
affecting annually millions of people. This study aimed to present a
geospatial information system based on multi-criteria evaluation
techniques (MCE) methodology for flood hazard areas mapping. The
distance from drainage network, slope, recurrent heavy rainfall, curve
number, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the
population density are the six factors considered as relevant to the
flood hazard areas mapping of the basin. The final flood hazard areas
map of the basin shows a satisfactory agreement between the spatial
distribution of historical floods that happened in the basin for the
past years and the flood hazard zones. The flood hazard map showed that
Bilate-Humbo area at the very entry of Bilate River to Lake Abaya,
Shashego area at Boyo Lake resulting from Guder River, and Shashego area
at Boyo Lake resulting from Metenchiso River are the areas of very high
flood hazard. These areas are categorized by low NDVI, gentle slope,
high rainfall, high curve number and close to the drainage network. The
proposed methodology of assessing flood hazard areas using spatial
information system delivers a good basis for developing a system of
flood risk management in a river basin
Effect of Parity on Cardiac Status among Women with Congenital Heart Disease: a Matched Case-Controlled study
Authors: Brachfeld Daphne , Weiniger Carolyn , Friedman Smadar Even-tov , Elchalal Uriel , Nir Amiram
Published: January 2024

Objective. Women with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk for
cardiac deterioration. Previous studies focused on women after one or
two pregnancies. We investigated the effect of parity on maternal
cardiac status by comparing women with CHD and ≥3 live births to women
with <3 live births. Design. Matched case-controlled study.
Setting. Tertiary medical center, clinic for adults with CHD.
Population. Twenty-nine women with ≥3 live births, matched (CHD, age)
with women with <3 live births. Methods. Women with CHD were
identified from the Adult CHD clinic (2010-2018), and data retrieved
from medical records. Outcomes were compared for women with ≥3 live
births versus <3 live births using the McNemar test. Main
outcome measures. New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional
classification, and cardiac impairment score assigned according to
echocardiography by a cardiologist blinded to parity. Results. For 29
matched pairs with mean age 42.4 (SD 14.2) and 186 live births, the mean
difference in number of live births between matched pairs was 3.8 (SD
2.5). In 17 (58.6%) pairs, women with ≥3 live births and those with
<3 live births had concordant NYHA class. Echocardiography
score was concordant for 19 (65.5%) pairs. Women with ≥3 live births
had lower NYHA class in 8 (27.5%) pairs and lower echocardiography
scores in 6 (20.6%) pairs. Differences were not significant (p=0.129,
p=0.801). Conclusions. Cardiac status was similar for women with CHD and
≥3 live births compared to women with <3 live births.
Keywords. Pregnancy, Birth, Congenital Heart Disease (CHD), NYHA,
Parity.
Toward the elimination of mother to child transmission (EMTCT) of syphilis during 2015-2019 based on over 3 million births: practice and progress in Zhejiang province, eastern China
Authors: Wang Hong , Ying Xia , Lin Dan , Zhang Xiaohui
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT Objectives This study estimated the progress in
elimination mother-to-child transmission of syphilis (EMTCT) in Zhejiang
province. Design Retrospective study Setting Eastern
China Population or Sample Pregnant women with syphilis who
gave birth at 28 gestational weeks or more during 2015-2019 were
recruited. Methods Data were obtained from the Zhejiang
provincial EMTCT network. We calculated the changes in coverage of
maternal syphilis screening, treatment, incidence and associated adverse
pregnancy outcomes (APOs). Main Outcome Measures The incidences of APOs;
Crude odds ratio presented together with 95% confidence intervals (OR
and 95% CI) for the risk of APOs. Results During 2015-2019,
11,713 out of 3,184,022 pregnant women were identified with syphilis
infection. Generally, the coverage of syphilis screening in pregnant
women increased (χ2trend= 1704.663, P<0.001), reaching 99.99%
in 2019. The incidence of maternal syphilis was high in all years, with
an incidence of 0.37% in 2019 (χ2trend = 0.344, P=0.557). The overall
incidence of APOs dropped from 20.17% to 11.76% (χ2trend= 92.528,
P<0.001).Based on rough estimation, treatment (OR=0.361, 95%
CI 0.306–0.426), particularly full treatment (OR=0.307, 95% CI
0.259–0.363), successfully reduced the risk of APOs compared to those
untreated. Conclusions A universal screening and treatment
contributed to the decline of overall APOs. Keywords Elimination of
mother-to-child transmission (EMTCT); Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs);
Screening; Treatment; Pregnant women
Another step toward final call on Remdesivir efficacy as a treatment for hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a multicenter open-label trial
Authors: Hosseini Hamed , Sadeghi Anahita , Tabarsi Payam , Etemadimanesh Azin , Darazam Ilad Alavi , Aghdami Nasser , Kalantari Saeed , Momen-Heravi Mansooreh , hasibi mehrdad , Hadadi Azar , Babamahmoodi Farhang , Hormati Ahmad , Panahi Yunes , Khodashahi Rozita , Salehi Mohammadreza
Published: January 2024

Introduction: After emerging the global pandemic of SARS-CoV2 some
preliminary studies demonstrated the efficacy of antiviral treatments.
But shortly thereafter, inconsistencies in the results of further
clinical trials raised doubts on the efficacy of these agents. In this
study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of Remdesivir on hospitalized
COVID-19 patients’ outcomes. Material and methods: This study was an
open-label, single-armed, clinical trial on hospitalized patients
diagnosed with COVID-19 who had progressive respiratory symptoms despite
receiving standard care. All patients received Remdesivir and their
characteristics, outcomes, time of treatment initiation, and respiratory
support stages during hospitalization were registered and followed up
for 14 days. Results: 145 patients with the mean age of 52.89 ± 1.12
years enrolled in this study, 38 (26.2%) died at the end of 14 days
period. The mean time interval from the onset of the symptoms to
antiviral treatment was 10.63±0.56 days. Thirty deceased patients
(78.9%) were men, showing 2.8 times higher mortality chance compared to
women (ORadj=2.77; 95%CI=1.08-7.09). The type of respiratory support on
the first day of treatment initiation showed a significantly lower
mortality chance in patients receiving O2 only than those who needed
non-invasive and/or mechanical ventilation (ORadj=3.91;
95%CI=1.64-9.32). The start time (early vs late administration) and
duration (less or more than 7 days) of antiviral treatment had no
statistically significant association with mortality or ventilation
escalation among the patients (p-value > 0.05). Conclusion:
In this study, we showed that Remdesivir probably is not effective on
the outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
An 8-year-old Chinese Girl with Immune Thrombocytopenia Secondary to Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Authors: li xihong , tian zhiqing , xiao dongqiong , gao hu
Published: January 2024

An 8-year-old girl with a low platelet count was diagnosed with immune
thrombocytopenia (ITP) but responded poorly to 17 days of first- and
second-line treatment. During the period of treatment, the potential
causes of ITP in children were searched, especially infections which are
the most common cause of ITP in children. Finally, she was diagnosed
with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, and the platelet count recovered on the
3rd day of levothyroxine treatment and remained normal in follow-up. No
case of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis associated with newly diagnosed
paediatric ITP has ever been reported.
Changes in soil or air temperature lead to dynamics of alpine plant biomass associated with phenological or growth patterns
Authors: Li Shuai , Dong Shikui , Fu Yongshuo , Zhou Bingrong , Liu shiliang , Shen Hao , Xu Yudan , Gao Xiaoxia , Xiao Jiannan , Wu Shengnan , Li Fu
Published: January 2024

Understanding the effects of climate change on plant phenological
dynamics and growth patterns is critical for predicting climatic changes
on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). We used data over 21 years (1997
to 2017) for four dominant species on the QTP, namely Astragalus
laxmannii (legume), Artemisia scoparia (forb), Kobresia humilis (sedge),
Stipa purpurea (grass), and examined the relationships among climatic
changes, plant phenology, growth pattern, and biomass. Most phenological
periods in Stipa purpurea and Artemisia scoparia were delayed, whereas
in Astragalus laxmannii, they were advanced. Soil temperature and
maximum air temperature were the most important drivers. There were
trade-offs between reproductive phenology and vegetative phenology, as
well as between the length of the rapid growth period and the intrinsic
growth rate. The impacts of the phenological or growth processes were
species-specific. Our findings provide evidence of long-term changes and
are of great significance for improving the accuracy of models.
A Rare Case of Intimal Cardiac Sarcoma in an Adolescent Presenting with Sudden Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Abri Qasim Al , Rahmouni Kenza , Nguyen Van-Hung , Sabapathy Christine , Renaud Claudia , Bernier Pierre-Luc
Published: January 2024

Primary cardiac tumors are extremely rare and they most commonly occur
in adults. The majority of these neoplasms are benign and, in children,
rhabdomyomas, fibromas and teratomas represent the most prevalent
subtypes. Among the malignant primary cardiac tumors, sarcomas are the
most common. In this case report, we present the first pediatric case of
a primary cardiac intimal sarcoma, a histological subtype never
previously reported in the pediatric population. Our patient is a
16-year-old who presented with severe cardiogenic shock and arrhythmias
and underwent urgent surgical resection of his cardiac mass.
Cavotricuspid isthmus confined atrial flutter and macro-reentrant typical atrial flutter in a single right atrium.
Authors: Rasmussen Tyler , Bailin Steven
Published: January 2024

Here we describe a case of a young female with congenital hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy presenting with a narrow complex tachycardia. She
underwent an electrophysiology study that revealed dual atrial flutter
circuity in a single right atrium. This case highlights the importance
of high-density electrical mapping for identification of complex atrial
arrhythmias.
Low-concentration sevoflurane in treating MK801-induced schizophrenia mice model and a feasibility study of schizophrenia patients
Authors: Zhao Tianyun , Shi Ziwen , Ling Nongxi , Xu Ying , Qin Jingwen , Zhou Quancai , Wu Lingzhi , Wang Yuansheng , Wei Wei , Lin Chuansong , Ma Daqing , Song Xingrong
Published: January 2024

GABAergic deficiency contributes the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
The present study investigates the therapeutic effectiveness of
low-concentration sevoflurane, a volatile anesthetic with GABAergic
modulating activity, in MK801-induced schizophrenia-like mice and
schizophrenia patients. Three weeks after MK801 administration (0.5
mg/kg, twice/day, 5 days), mice were exposed to 1% sevoflurane 1hr/day
for 5 days. Behavioral tests, immunohistochemical analysis, western blot
assay and electrophysiology assessments were performed 1week
post-exposure. Ten schizophrenia patients received 5hr sevoflurane
(0.5%-1.2%) for 6 days, and were assessed with PANSS and the BPRS-18
at week 1 and week 2. MK801 induced social deficits, downregulated
expression of NMDARs subunits and postsynaptic density protein 95
(PSD95), reduced parvalbumin- and GAD67-positive neurons, altered the
amplitude and frequency of mEPSC (miniature excitatory postsynaptic
current) and mIPSC (miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current), and
increased the excitation/inhibition ratio; all of which were attenuated
by sevoflurane. Sevoflurane also significantly ameliorated schizophrenia
symptoms in patients at 1st and 2nd week post-inhalation. Our work
demonstrated that low-concentration sevoflurane inhalation effectively
reversed MK801-induced schizophrenia-like disease in mice and alleviated
clinical symptoms of schizophrenia in patients, highlighting sevoflurane
as a potential therapy for the management of schizophrenia.
Model of prediction of gas emission uncertainty in Coal Mine Based on random simulation and geostatistical method
Authors: Rahimi Shokofe , Pour Majid Ataee , Madani Hasan
Published: January 2024

It is very difficult to predict the emission of coal gas before the
extraction, because it depends on various geological, geographical and
operational factors. Gas content is a very important parameter for
assessing gas emission in the coal seam during and after the extraction.
Large amounts of gas released during the mining cause concern about
adequate airflow for the ventilation and worker safety. Hence, the
performance of the ventilation system is very important in an
underground mine. In this paper, the gas content uncertainty in a coal
seam is first investigated using the central data of 64 exploratory
boreholes. After identifying the important coal seams in terms of gas
emission, the variogram modeling for gas content was performed to define
the distribution. Consecutive simulations were run for the random
evaluation of gas content. Then, a method was proposed to predict gas
emission based on the Monte Carlo random simulation method. In order to
improve the reliability and precision of gas emission prediction,
various factors affecting the gas emission were investigated and the
main factors determining the gas emission were identified based on a
sensitivity analysis on the mine data. This method produced relative and
average errors of 2% and 0.57%, respectively. The results showed that
the proposed model is accurate enough to determine the amount of emitted
gas and ventilation. In addition, the predicted value was basically
consistent with the actual value and the gas emission prediction method
based on the uncertainty theory is reliable.
Realization of a Fourth-Order Linear Time-Varying Differential System with Non-zero Initial Conditions by Cascaded Third and First-Order Commutative Pairs
Authors: salisu ibrahim , KOKSAL Mehmet Emir , Karagol Serap
Published: January 2024

This paper explicitly expresses all form of necessary and sufficient
conditions for the decomposition of any kind of fourth-order linear
time-varying system as a commutative pairs of third and first-order
systems. Regarding the non-zero initial conditions, additional
requirements are derived in order to satisfy the decomposition
processed. Further, explicit formulas for reducing a fourth-order linear
time-varying system into its third and first-order commutative pairs are
derived and solved. The method points out the effect of disturbance and
sensitivity on the systems. The results are illustrated by solving some
examples.
Topological and metagenomic evidence for intensified bacterial-fungal associations in mangrove root interior
Authors: Zhou Zhengyuan , Hu Ruiwen , Ni Yanmei , Zhuang Wei , Luo Zhiwen , Huang Weiming , Zhong Qiuping , Yan Qingyun , He Zhili , Wang Cheng
Published: January 2024

Plant roots host a repertoire of bacteria and fungi, whose ecological
interactions could improve their functions and plant performance.
However, potential interactions and underlying mechanisms remain largely
unknown in root-associated microbial communities at a continuous
fine-scale. We analyzed microbial intra- and inter-domain network
topologies, keystone taxa, and interaction-related genes across four
compartments (non-rhizosphere, rhizosphere, episphere and endosphere)
from a soil-mangrove root continuum, using amplicon and metagenome
sequencing technologies. We found that both intra- and inter-domain
networks displayed notable differences in the structure and topology
across four compartments. Compared to three peripheral compartments, the
endosphere was a distinctive compartment with more dense co-occurrences
in bacterial-fungal network than in bacterial or fungal network, which
could be related to three bacterial keystone taxa (Vibrio, Anaerolineae
and Desulfarculaceae) detected in the endosphere as they are known to
intensify inter-domain associations with fungi and stimulate biofilm
formation. Also, high abundances of genes involved in cell-cell
communications by quorum sensing (rhlI, lasI, pqsH and lasR) and aerobic
cobamide biosynthesis (cobG, cobF and cobA) were detected in the
endosphere. Our results reveal intensified bacterial-fungal associations
in the mangrove root endophytes, creating a distinct micro-environment
to promote a biofilm life-style.
Pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation using high-power short-duration radiofrequency or second-generation cryoballoon ablation: comparison of postprocedural lesion size, left atrial function and myocardial injury
Authors: Kassa Krisztian , Nagy Zsofia , Simkovits Daniel , Kis Zsuzsanna , Ferenci Tamas , Som Zoltan , Foldesi Csaba , Kardos Attila
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Left atrial (LA) lesion size, function and tissue damage
have not been compared following pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) by
high-power short-duration (HPSD) radiofrequency (RF) and
second-generation cryoballoon (CB2) ablation. Methods: We enrolled 40
patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation who underwent PVI by HPSD
RF (n=21) or CB2 (n=19). Every patient underwent LA CT angiography and
transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) to assess LA anatomy and function.
Biomarker levels (hs-cTnT, hs-CRP, LDH) were compared pre-and
postprocedurally. Pre- and postablation high-density mapping (HDM) was
performed. Isolation area was defined under 0.2 mV bipolar voltage (low
voltage area, LVA). We calculated the post-PVI LVA/LA surface ratio
using LA CT-HDM merge images. At 3-month follow-up, TTE was performed to
assess changes in LA function. Results: Postablation hs-cTnT level was
significantly higher in the RF group (RF: 1249 ± 469 ng/L, CB2: 995 ±
280 ng/L, p=0.024). Post-PVI hs-CRP (RF: 9.53 ± 10.30 mg/L, CB2: 12.36 ±
5.76 mg/L, p=0.034) and LDH levels (RF: 349.9 ± 65.6 U/L, CB2: 451.6 ±
91.3 U/L, p <0.001) were significantly higher following CB2
ablation. Post-PVI LVA/LA surface ratios were 8.37 ± 6.42% in the RF
group and 13.58 ± 8.92% in the CB2 group (p=0.022). LA function did not
change significantly by TTE after the PVI procedure. Conclusions: Our
data indicate that second-generation cryoballoon ablation produces
significantly larger LA lesion size compared with ”point-by-point”
HPSD radiofrequency. Both techniques preserve LA function. The
myocardial component of tissue loss appears to be higher using HPSD
radiofrequency ablation, with less collateral damage.
Clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes in Embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes: a decade long experience from a tertiary care centre
Authors: Gupta Kirti , Sood Ridhi , Salunke Pravin , Chatterjee Debajyoti , Madan Renu , Ahuja Chirag , Jain Richa , Trehan Amita , Radotra Bishan
Published: January 2024

Background: Embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR) are a
heterogenous group clinically, pathologically and topographically. Due
to limited cases, data regarding its molecular genetics, pathology and
prognostic factors is evolving. We retrospectively analysed our cohort
of ETMR over last decade in order to study their clinicopathological
characteristics and outcome. Methods: Our cohort consisted of patients
diagnosed with Embryonal tumor with abundant neuropil and true rosettes
(ETANTR)/Ependymoblastoma (EBL)/ Medulloepithelioma (MEPL) over the past
decade. Clinical details, including outcome and imaging data was
retrieved. Histological analysis including immunohistochemical work-up
was performed. Results: Cohort included 15 patients with age range
between 1-28 years and M:F ratio of 1.5:1. Supratentorial location
predominated in comparison to tumors arising in posterior fossa. ETANTR
and EBL patterns were equally distributed (40% each), followed by one
case each of mixed pattern (EBL+ETANTR), MEPL and embryonal tumor,
unclassified. All tumors readily expressed LIN 28A and INI-1 was
retained. Recurrence with evidence of glial and rhabdoid differentiation
was noted in a single patient 9 months following resection. Follow-up
period ranged from 1-31 months, with overall median survival of 6.4
months. Eight patients were planned for adjuvant treatment following
surgery, of which only four could complete it. All patients, except for
one, succumbed to the disease. Conclusions: ETMR have a heterogenous
morphology and gathers ETANTR, EBL, MEPL within its spectrum. Following
treatment, the recurrent tumor may feature glial/rhabdoid
differentiation. LIN28A is expressed in all cases, however should be
interpreted in context of histology. Prognosis of ETMR remains dismal
despite multimodal therapy.
The Norwegian Childhood Cancer Biobank
Authors: Hermansen Johanne , Wojcik Dorota , Robinson Nina , Pahnke Jens , Haugland Hans , Jamtøy Ann-Helen , Flægstad Trond , Halvorsen Hanne , Lund Bendik , Bambusch Lars , Munthe-Kaas Monica
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The rapidly expanding era of “omics” research is highly
dependent on the availability of quality-proven biological material,
especially for rare conditions such as pediatric malignancies.
Professional biobanks provide such material, focusing on standardized
collection and handling procedures, distinctive quality measurements,
traceability of storage conditions, and accessibility. For pediatric
malignancies traditional tumor biobanking is challenging due to the
rareness and limited amount of tissue and blood samples. The higher
molecular heterogeneity, lower mutation rates, and unique genomic
landscapes, however, renders biobanking of this tissue even more
crucial. Aim: The aim of this study was to test and establish methods
for a prospective and centralized biobank for infants, children and
adolescents up to 18 years of age diagnosed with cancer in Norway.
Methods: Obtain judicial and ethical approvals and administration
through a consortium, steering committee and advisory board. Develop
pipelines including SOPs for all aspects in the biobank process,
including collection, processing and storing of samples and data, as
well of quality controlling, safeguarding, distributing and transport.
Results: The childhood cancer biobanking started at Oslo University
Hospital (OUH) in March 2017 and was from 2019 run as a national
Norwegian Childhood Cancer Biobank (NCCB). Informed consent and
biological samples are collected regionally and stored centrally.
Approximately 12000 samples from 510 patients and have been included by
01.01.2021, representing a 96% consent and participation rate among our
newly diagnosed patients. Conclusion: A well functioning nationwide
collection and centralized biobank with standardized procedures and
national storage for pediatric malignancies has been established with a
high acceptance among families.
Dietary shift improves the survival of stressed nematodes
Authors: Liu Ting , Yu Fei , Zhou Min , Xu Jingjing , Hu Feng , Li Huixin , Whalen Joann
Published: January 2024

Animals are expected to choose foods that optimize their growth,
reproduction and survival, but it remains unclear how environmental
stressors modulate their dietary preference. Here, we provide the first
report of nematode stress resulting from exposure to earthworm-produced
cyclic peptides, and confirm that this stress changed the dietary choice
of the model animal Caenorhabditis elegans and other soil-dwelling
bacterial-feeding nematodes. Nematodes shift their food preference from
preferred toward unpreferred bacteria when they are stressed by the
toxic cyclic peptides. Furthermore, nematodes that eat more unpreferred
bacteria are able to reallocate energy to repair cyclic peptide-induced
damage of their DNA and complete their lifespan. Our results demonstrate
that nematodes can actively change their dietary strategy to maintain
survival at the cost of reproduction when they experience acute stress.
This stress-driven adjustment of dietary choice in this predator-prey
relationship may be the key to understand feeding ecology of predators
in other food webs.