bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TÜRKİYE’DE YETİŞEN BITTIM (PISTACIA TEREBINTHUS L.) VE FISTIK (PISTACIA VERA) YAĞLARININ YAĞ ASİDİ, STEROL, TOKOL KOMPOZİSYONLARI, TOPLAM FENOLİK MADDE MİKTARLARI VE ANTİOKSİDAN AKTİVİTELERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: PELVAN Ebru , DEMİRTAS İlknur
Published: March 2018

Antep, Siirt ve Mardin yörelerinde
yetişen bıttım ve fıstık örnekleri toplam yağ içeriği, yağ asidi, sterol, tokol
kompozisyonları, toplam fenolik madde miktarları ve antioksidan aktiviteleri
(oksijen radikali absorbans kapasitesi-ORAC) yönünden incelenmiştir. Örneklerin
yağ miktarlarının 50.33 ile 54.00 g/100 g arasında değiştiği tespit edilmiştir.
Tanımlanan sekiz yağ asidi arasında sırasıyla, en fazla 18:1ω9 (%55.78-75.10),
18:2ω6c, 16:0 ve 18:0 bulunmuştur. Dokuz sterol ve yedi tokol izoformu (4 tokoferol
ve 3 tokotrienol) arasında ise β-sitosterol (148.40-205.90 mg/100 g) ve
γ-tokoferolün (33.57-43.94 mg/100 g) ilk sırada yer aldığı saptanmıştır.
Örneklerin, toplam fenolik madde içeriğinin ise 3.03 - 4.52 mg gallik asit
eşdeğer (GAE)/100 g yağ aralığında değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Örnekler
antioksidan aktivite açısından değerlendirildiğinde, ORAC değerlerinin
371.23-736.48 µmol Trolox eşdeğer (TE)/100 g yağ aralığında değiştiği
gözlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre; farklı fıstık türlerinden elde edilen
yağların, yağda çözünür biyoaktif bileşikler açısından zengin birer kaynak
olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Otoneurological findings prevalent in hereditary ataxias
Authors: Zeigelboim Bianca Simone , Teive Hélio A. G. , Santos Geslaine Janaína Barbosa , Severiano Maria Izabel Rodrigues , Fonseca Vinicius Ribas , Faryniuk João Henrique , Marques Jair Mendes
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Objective To describe and compare the vestibular findings most evident among the hereditary ataxias, as well as correlate their clinical features with the nervous structures affected in this disease. Methods Seventy-five patients were evaluated and underwent a case history, otorhinolaryngological and vestibular assessments. Results Clinically, the patients commonly had symptoms of gait disturbances (67.1%), dizziness (47.3%), dysarthria (46%) and dysphagia (36.8%). In vestibular testing, alterations were predominantly evident in caloric testing (79%), testing for saccadic dysmetria (51%) and rotational chair testing (47%). The presence of alterations occurred in 87% of these patients. A majority of the alterations were from central vestibular dysfunction (69.3%). Conclusion This underscores the importance of the contribution of topodiagnostic labyrinthine evaluations for neurodegenerative diseases as, in most cases, the initial symptoms are otoneurological; and these evaluations should also be included in the selection of procedures to be performed in clinical and therapeutic monitoring.
Current contribution of diffusion tensor imaging in the evaluation of diffuse axonal injury
Authors: Grassi Daphine Centola , Conceição David Macedo da , Leite Claudia da Costa , Andrade Celi Santos
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the number one cause of death and morbidity among young adults. Moreover, survivors are frequently left with functional disabilities during the most productive years of their lives. One main aspect of TBI pathology is diffuse axonal injury, which is increasingly recognized due to its presence in 40% to 50% of all cases that require hospital admission. Diffuse axonal injury is defined as widespread axonal damage and is characterized by complete axotomy and secondary reactions due to overall axonopathy. These changes can be seen in neuroimaging studies as hemorrhagic focal areas and diffuse edema. However, the diffuse axonal injury findings are frequently under-recognized in conventional neuroimaging studies. In such scenarios, diffuse tensor imaging (DTI) plays an important role because it provides further information on white matter integrity that is not obtained with standard magnetic resonance imaging sequences. Extensive reviews concerning the physics of DTI and its use in the context of TBI patients have been published, but these issues are still hazy for many allied-health professionals. Herein, we aim to review the current contribution of diverse state-of-the-art DTI analytical methods to the understanding of diffuse axonal injury pathophysiology and prognosis, to serve as a quick reference for those interested in planning new studies and who are involved in the care of TBI victims. For this purpose, a comprehensive search in Pubmed was performed using the following keywords: “traumatic brain injury”, “diffuse axonal injury”, and “diffusion tensor imaging”.
The importance of central auditory evaluation in Friedreich's ataxia
Authors: Zeigelboim Bianca Simone , Teive Hélio A. G. , Rosa Michèlli Rodrigues da , Malisky Jéssica Spricigo , Fonseca Vinicius Ribas , Marques Jair Mendes , Liberalesso Paulo Breno
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Objective To assess central auditory function in Friedreich's ataxia. Methods A cross-sectional, retrospective study was carried out. Thirty patients underwent the anamnesis, otorhinolaryngology examination, pure tone audiometry, acoustic immittance measures and brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) assessments. Results The observed alterations were: 43.3% in the pure tone audiometry, bilateral in 36.7%; 56.6% in the BAEP test, bilateral in 50%; and 46.6% in the acoustic immittance test. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the comparison between the tests performed. Conclusion In the audiological screening, there was a prevalence of the descending audiometric configuration at the frequency of 4kHz, and absence of the acoustic reflex at the same frequency. In the BAEP test, there was a prevalence of an increase of the latencies in waves I, III and V, and in the intervals of interpeaks I-III, I-V and III-V. In 13.3% of the patients, wave V was absent, and all waves were absent in 3.3% of patients.
Botulinum toxin for hereditary spastic paraplegia: effects on motor and non-motor manifestations
Authors: Servelhere Katiane R. , Faber Ingrid , Martinez Alberto , Nickel Renato , Moro Adriana , Germiniani Francisco M. B. , Moscovich Mariana , Blume Tatiane R. , Munhoz Renato P. , Teive Hélio A. G. , França Jr Marcondes C.
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Motor and non-motor manifestations are common and disabling features of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). Botulinum toxin type A (Btx-A) is considered effective for spasticity and may improve gait in these patients. Little is known about the effects of Btx-A on non-motor symptoms in HSP patients. Objective To assess the efficacy of Btx-A on motor and non-motor manifestations in HSP patients. Methods Thirty-three adult patients with a clinical and molecular diagnosis of HSP were evaluated before and after Btx-A injections. Results Mean age was 41.7 ± 13.6 years and there were 18 women. Most patients had a pure phenotype and SPG4 was the most frequent genotype. The Btx-A injections resulted in a decrease in spasticity at the adductor muscles, and no other motor measure was significantly modified. In contrast, fatigue scores were significantly reduced after Btx-A injections. Conclusion Btx-A injections resulted in no significant functional motor improvement for HSP, but fatigue improved after treatment.
Desenvolvimento de Frozen Yogurt de iogurte em pó de leite de ovelha
Authors: Abreu Elisangela de , Preci Daiane , Zeni Jamile , Steffens Clarice , Steffens Juliana
Published: March 2018

RESUMO A busca do consumidor por alimentos saudáveis e diferenciados tem despertado o interesse e incentivado a constante atualização dos profissionais que atuam na pesquisa e desenvolvimento de novos produtos. O leite de ovelha é um alimento com alto teor de sólidos totais, dentre eles proteína e cálcio. A produção de derivados de leite de ovelha ainda é baixa. Por essa razão, com o intuito de expandir o mercado e a gama de produtos dessa matéria-prima, desenvolveram-se formulações de Frozen Yogurt, a partir do iogurte em pó de leite de ovelha por meio de planejamento experimental 2², com triplicata no ponto central. As características físico-químicas foram avaliadas em função das variáveis concentração de emulsificante-estabilizante (0,50%, 0,75% e 1,00%) e de pó preparado para creme (2,75%, 3,00% e 3,25%). Verificou-se que a concentração do pó preparado para creme apresentou efeito positivo significativo, com 95% de confiança, nos teores de proteína, lactose, cálcio e acidez, e efeito negativo significativo, no pH.
Polpa de juçara: fonte de compostos fenólicos, aumento da atividade antioxidante e da viabilidade de bactérias probióticas de iogurte
Authors: Leite Sabrina Torres , Roberto Consuelo Domenici , Silva Pollyanna Ibrahim , Carvalho Raquel Vieira de
Published: March 2018

RESUMO A adição, em iogurtes, de polpa de Juçara como fonte de compostos fenólicos pode modificar as características físico-químicas, contribuir para atividade antioxidante, e interferir na viabilidade de bactérias probióticas e na aceitação sensorial. Com o objetivo de verificar o efeito da adição de polpa de Juçara em iogurte, foi realizado um experimento, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em parcelas subdivididas. A parcela principal foi o teor de polpa, com seis níveis (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25%) e, como subparcela, o tempo de armazenamento, a 5 oC, com cinco níveis (1, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias). Os teores percentuais médios de gordura, cinzas, extrato seco total e acidez dos iogurtes não diferiram (P ≥ 0,05). O teor de proteína diminuiu com o aumento do teor de polpa, variando de 4,07% (F0) a 2,9% (F25%). O conteúdo fenólico total e a atividade antioxidante foram maiores no iogurte com 25% de polpa, atingindo valores de 117,84 mg de AGE/100g e 6,95 µmol Trolox/g, respectivamente, assim como a contagem de bactérias probióticas, que variou de 3,17 log UFC.g-1 (F0) a 6,34 log UFC.g-1 (F25%), nos iogurtes, após 28 dias de armazenamento. A adição da polpa de Juçara favoreceu a multiplicação e a viabilidade de bactérias probióticas, contribuiu para o aumento do conteúdo fenólico total e para maior atividade antioxidante dos iogurtes, que apresentaram boa aceitação sensorial pelo consumidor.
Doses de fósforo e nitrogênio na produção de Brachiaria hibrida cv. Mulato II
Authors: Teixeira Soraia Olivastro , Teixeira Rudi Olivastro , Santos Vanessa Bezerra dos , Carvalho Marco Antonio Camillo de , Yamashita Oscar Mitsuo
Published: March 2018

RESUMO A deficiência nutricional dos solos brasileiros é um dos principais fatores que limitam a produção de forragens, sendo o nitrogênio e o fósforo os nutrientes que mais influenciam a produção de matéria seca. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento vegetativo de Brachiaria hibrida cv. Mulato II, sob diferentes doses de fósforo com e sem nitrogênio, na região norte de Mato Grosso. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, no esquema fatorial 5 x 2 x 3, com três repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram na aplicação de cinco doses de fósforo (0; 45; 90; 135 e 180 kg ha-1 de P2O5), presença e ausência de nitrogênio (0 e 100 kg ha-1 de N) e três cortes, com intervalos de 30 dias. Foram realizados cortes da parte aérea, a 20 cm do solo, para a determinação da produção de matéria seca de folhas, colmos e total. Para a produção de matéria seca de folhas, ocorreram diferenças significativas para doses de fósforo, isoladamente, e para a interação entre doses de nitrogênio e cortes. Para a matéria seca total, ocorreram diferenças significativas para as interações duplas de doses de nitrogênio e cortes, fósforo e nitrogênio e fósforo e cortes, enquanto, para a produção de matéria seca de colmos, houve interação tripla significativa para doses de fósforo, de nitrogênio e cortes. As produções de matérias secas de folhas, colmo e total responderam positivamente à aplicação de 180 kg ha-1 de fósforo com a presença de nitrogênio.
Plant biometric characterization and leaf micromorphometry of Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd cultivated under shade
Authors: Alexandre Ellen Carla Francisca , Pereira Leandro Spíndola , Andrade Jose Weselli de Sá , Vasconcelos Filho Sebastião Carvalho , Jakelaitis Adriano
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd, known as Ceylon spinach, Surinam purslane, or waterleaf, is cultivated for medicinal and food purposes. Among environmental factors, light is an important regulator of primary production, contributing to plant growth. However, the success of each plant species depends on its morphoanatomical responses to light. The aim of this study was to determine whether T. triangulare leaf micromorphometry is affected when grown in full sun and under shade, and if so, which plant biometric variables are affected. T. triangulare cultivation was tested in beds arranged in blocks under shade levels of 0, 18, 30, and 50%. Each bed was considered a basic experimental unit, totaling four replications per treatment. Plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, leaf fresh weight, stem fresh weight, specific leaf area, leaf area ratio, abaxial epidermis, and mesophyll thickness were higher as shade levels increased. However, there was a decrease in the number of leaves, root to shoot ratio, stomatal density on abaxial and adaxial surfaces, and palisade parenchyma thickness. Nevertheless, root length, leaf and stem dry weights, leaf weight ratio, adaxial stomatal index, adaxial epidermis, and spongy parenchyma thickness remained constant. Plants responded differently to shade, with morphological and anatomical changes, suggesting a phenotypic plasticity and raising the possibility of being grown both in shaded environments and in full sunlight.
Viabilidade agroeconômica do consórcio de taro (Colocasia esculenta L.) e pepino em função do arranjo de plantas
Authors: Colombo João Nacir , Puiatti Mário , Silva Filho Jaime Barros da , Vieira Janiele Cássia Barbosa , Silva Geovani do Carmo Copati da
Published: March 2018

RESUMO A cultura do taro (Colocasia esculenta L.), cultivar Japonês, é bastante interessante para o cultivo consorciado, porque apresenta ciclo longo e rusticidade, em relação a fatores ambientais e biológicos adversos. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a viabilidade agronômica e a rentabilidade econômica do consórcio taro e pepino. O experimento foi conduzido a campo, de outubro de 2012 a junho de 2013. Constou de sete tratamentos, sendo o pepino, em três deles, cultivado na forma de consórcio com o taro, com 1 planta a cada 30 cm; 2 plantas a cada 60 cm, opostas entre si e opostas alternadas entre si nas linhas. Outros três tratamentos consistiram em cultivo do pepino solteiro, seguindo a mesma distribuição do consorciado. Para o último tratamento, foi utilizado o taro solteiro. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram determinados os parâmetros de fluorescência da clorofila, produtividade das culturas e indicadores econômicos. Os consórcios favoreceram a produção de pepino, mas afetaram a do taro. Todos os consórcios foram agronomicamente viáveis, por apresentarem uso eficiente da terra acima da unidade, além de renda bruta superior ao controle. Entretanto, por causa do baixo valor de mercado para o pepino, por ocasião da colheita, a renda líquida não diferiu da renda do monocultivo do taro. Os parâmetros da fluorescência da clorofila podem explicar, em parte, os menores valores de produção de rizomas de taro obtidos nos tratamentos em associação com pepino.
Selection of diazotrophic bacteria isolated from wastewater treatment plant sludge at a poultry slaughterhouse for their effect on maize plants
Authors: Lozada Jorge Avelino Rodriguez , Silveira Klever Cristiano , Silva Libério Junio da , Baldotto Marihus Altoé , Baldotto Lílian Estrela Borges
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT The economic and environmental costs of nitrogen fertilization have intensified the search for technologies that reduce mineral fertilization, for example atmospheric nitrogen-fixing (diazotrophic) bacteria inoculation. In this context, the present study addressed the isolation and quantification of diazotrophic bacteria in the sludge from treated wastewater of a poultry slaughterhouse; a description of the bacteria, based on cell and colony morphology; and an assessment of growth and N content of maize plants in response to inoculation. Sixteen morphotypes of bacteria were isolated in six N-free culture media (JMV, JMVL, NFb, JNFb, LGI, and LGI-P). The bacteria stained gram-positive, with 10 rod- and six coccoid-shaped isolates. To evaluate the potential of bacteria to promote plant growth, maize seeds were inoculated. The experiment consisted of 17 treatments (control plus 16 bacterial isolates) and was carried out in a completely randomized design with six replicates. The experimental units consisted of one pot containing two maize plants in a greenhouse. Forty-five days after planting, the variables plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, root and shoot fresh and dry weight, and N content were measured. The highest values were obtained with isolate UFV L-162, which produced 0.68 g total dry matter per plant and increased N content to 22.14 mg/plant, representing increments of 74 and 133%, respectively, compared with the control. Diazotrophs inhabit sludge from treated wastewater of poultry slaughterhouses and can potentially be used to stimulate plant development and enrich inoculants.
Identificação de isolados de Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) protetivos para Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck
Authors: Gonçalves Ana Paula , Santos Karina Silva dos , Silva Camila de Cassia , Novaes Tanara Garcia de , Molina Rúbia de Oliveira
Published: March 2018

RESUMO O Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) causa significativas perdas na produtividade de laranja doce [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] e seu controle tem sido realizado principalmente com a premunização. O trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a variabilidade de isolados fortes e fracos de CTV provenientes de plantas de citros inoculadas e mantidas em casa de vegetação e amostras de campo, coletadas em pomar comercial situado no município de Rolândia, PR. Para a determinação da variabilidade e diversidade genética dos isolados foi realizada avaliação dos sintomas e empregadas as técnicas de RT– PCR e RFLP, utilizando os oligonucleotídeos específicos HCP1/HCP2 e posterior sequenciamento dos fragmentos amplificados. Na avaliação de canelura, os isolados mantidos em casa de vegetação induziram sintomas leves, com exceção do isolado severo Capão Bonito. Os sintomas mais severos ocorreram em amostras situadas no campo. De acordo com as análises multivariadas os isolados de CTV tendem a se agrupar conforme a severidade dos sintomas e condições ambientais as quais foram expostas formando agrupamentos distintos entre amostras provenientes do campo e casa de vegetação. O dendrograma gerado a partir do sequenciamento dos isolados e as análises multivariadas revelaram que o isolado proveniente da amostra “Forte Arapongas” apresentou maior similaridade com o controle padrão forte proveniente de Capão Bonito. Os isolados identificados como fracos e provenientes das amostras Pêra IAC e Rolândia 5 apresentaram maior similaridade. Pode-se aferir que plantas hospedeiras mantidas em campo possuem maior variabilidade de isolados.
Validação de escala diagramática para quantificação da severidade da antracnose da folha do milho
Authors: Trojan Daiane Garabeli , Pria Maristella Dalla
Published: March 2018

RESUMO A ocorrência de doenças foliares no milho (Zea mays) causadas por fungos é facilmente observada no campo. Entretanto são necessárias ferramentas para obter informações precisas sobre a quantificação de doenças. O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar uma escala diagramática para estimar a severidade da antracnose foliar causada por Colletotrichum graminicola na cultura do milho. Para elaboração da escala diagramática foram coletadas 100 folhas de milho com diferentes severidade da doença e levadas a laboratório para seleção e captação das imagens com o aplicativo Quant v.1.0.2. As imagens foram analisadas por 22 avaliadores experientes e por 13 avaliadores inexperientes. Conhecendo o grau de severidade real pode-se através da análise de regressão, determinar a relação entre o grau de severidade real e o grau de severidade estimado com o uso e sem o uso da escala. A precisão do avaliador foi determinada pelo coeficiente de determinação (R2) e pela variância. A escala proposta, com 18 severidades distintas, apresentou-se como uma ferramenta assertiva para a quantificação da severidade da antracnose. A acurácia e precisão de todos os avaliadores, aumentou quando usaram a escala; pois entre os avaliadores experientes 14 dos 22 aumentaram a acurácia e, entre os inexperientes, nove também tiveram sua acurácia melhorada pelo uso da escala proposta. Portanto os ganhos foram maiores para os avaliadores sem experiência, 69,2%.
Comparative study of systemic early postoperative inflammatory response among elderly and non-elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: FIALHO LUCIANA , CUNHA-E-SILVA JOSÉ ANTONIO , SANTA-MARIA ANTONIO FELIPE , MADUREIRA FERNANDO ATHAYDE , IGLESIAS ANTONIO CARLOS
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate and compare the early postoperative period systemic inflammatory response between elderly and non-elderly patients submitted to laparoscopic cholecystectomy, mainly performing a quantitative analysis of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a marker of inflammatory activity systemic. Methods: we compared a series of cases over a period of six months at the Gaffrée and Guinle University Hospital of the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, involving 60 patients submitted to elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We used non-probabilistic sampling for convenience, selecting, from the inclusion criteria, the first 30 patients aged 18-60 years, who comprised group I, and 30 patients with age equal to or greater than 60 years, who formed group II. Results: the 60 patients involved were followed for at least 30 days after surgery and there were no complications. There was no conversion to open surgery. The values of the medians found in the IL-6 dosages for the preoperative period, three hours after the procedure and 24 hours after surgery were, respectively, 3.1 vs. 4.7 pg/ml, 7.3 vs. 14.1 pg/ml and 4.4 vs 13.3 pg/ml. Conclusion: Elderly patients were more responsive to surgical trauma and had elevated IL-6 levels for a longer period than the non-elderly group.
Determinants in value appropriation in smallholder farming innovations
Authors: Baggio Claiton Alorenus , Kuhl Marcos Roberto
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to analyze the relationships between the determinants of value appropriation and the innovation strategies in smallholder farming. A survey was conducted with 199 smallholders in the municipality of Guarapuava, in the state of Paraná (PR), Brazil. This quantitative study analyzes data through descriptive statistics and correlation. Results showed that, in general, farmers do not access the determinants of value appropriation through innovation. However, access to government programs aimed commercialization and cooperativism demonstrating a relationship with the determinants of appropriation of value created by innovation. This study contributed to the understanding of mechanisms that allow farmers to obtain better results through innovation strategies.
No evidence of coconut stem bleeding disease transmission by bark beetles in Brazil
Authors: Guzzo Elio Cesar , Neves Jhonatan David Santos das , Santana Samuel Farias , Negrisoli Junior Aldomario Santo , Teodoro Adenir Vieira
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT: Stem bleeding disease, caused by the fungus Thielaviopsis paradoxa is one of the most important diseases of coconut palm Cocos nucifera worldwide and some insect species have been found in association with T. paradoxa infected coconut palms. The present research investigated whether coconut palm-infesting bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) could disseminate stem bleeding disease. Adult bark beetles collected from coconut palms presenting stem bleeding symptoms were inoculated in PDA culture medium. Results showed no germination of the fungus T. paradoxa from either cuticle or digestive tract of bark beetles. Thus, we found no evidence that bark beetles carry viable spores of T. paradoxa that could infect healthy coconut palms and disseminate stem bleeding disease.
Canine visceral leishmaniosis in an area of fishing tourism, Bonito Municipality, Mato Grosso do Sul, Central-West Brazil
Authors: Brilhante Andreia Fernandes , Dorval Maria Elizabeth Cavalheiros , Galati Eunice Aparecida Bianchi , Castro Vivianne de Oliveira Landgraf de , Rocca Maria Elizabeth Ghizzi , Facco Gilberto Gonçalves , Souza Celeste da Silva Freitas de , Nunes Vânia Lúcia Brandão
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT: The study aimed to investigate Leishmania infection in a population of dogs (92 animals) in a fishing area of Bonito Municipality, and evaluate comparatively the serological methods used, immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA), indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), and rapid Dual Path-Platform test (DPP®). Blood and aspirate of bone marrow samples were used and parasitological investigation was also performed, such as parasite isolation in Neal, Novy, Nicolle (NNN) medium culture, Woo technique, Giemsa stained smears and specific identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). IFAT revealed 56/92 seropositive, the ELISA 8/92 and the DPP®41/92. Regarding the agreement between the serological tests by the Kappa index, there was a slight agreement between ELISA/IFAT and ELISA/DPP®, and fair agreement in IFAT/DPP®. The NNN culture was positive in three out of 21 dogs, and identified by PCR as Leishmania infantum chagasi. No samples were positive by the Woo technique. Our results showed low agreements between the serological tests recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Heath, and it is necessary to associate other diagnostic techniques, such as parasitological tests and PCR, to increase the sensitivity for canine visceral leishmaniosis diagnosis, mainly regarding asymptomatic dogs in endemic areas.
Orientações motivacionais de alunos do ensino médio para física: considerações psicométricas
Authors: Paiva Fernando Fernandes , Lemos Barbato Daniela Maria , Fernandes Paiva Mirella Lopez Martini , João Herbert Alexandre , Muniz Sérgio Ricardo
Published: March 2018

Resumo O presente estudo investigou as orientações motivacionais de estudantes do Ensino Médio em relação à disciplina de Física e buscou contribuir com o aprofundamento da discussão acerca da proposição e validação de instrumentos de medidas de variáveis psicológicas. Foi utilizada a Escala de Motivação: Atividades Didáticas de Física (EMADF) para avaliar 1155 estudantes. Foi realizada análise fatorial exploratória seguida de análise estatística descritiva. Foram encontrados cinco fatores que explicam 55,46% da variância total dos dados. Os resultados mostram uma regulação autodeterminada, com alunos majoritariamente motivados intrinsecamente e extrinsecamente por regulação identificada revelando, portanto, uma motivação autônoma ou autodeterminada. Esses resultados revelam um padrão altamente favorável, pois associa-se fortemente a comportamentos de esforço, atenção, persistência, proatividade e emoções mais positivas.
Uma introdução ao cálculo fracionário e suas aplicações em circuitos elétricos
Authors: de Andrade Alex Michel Fernandes , de Lima Eduardo Gonçalves , Dartora Cesar Augusto
Published: March 2018

Resumo A extensão natural do cálculo diferencial, proposta inicialmente em uma troca de correspondências entre l'Hôpital e Leibniz, levou ao conceito de derivada de ordem fracionária. A aplicação da derivada fracionária permite uma melhor descrição da dinâmica de muitos sistemas reais, indo desde biossistemas até mercados financeiros, que apresentam efeitos de memória, dissipação e dimensionalidade fractal. No presente trabalho, os objetivos principais são a apresentação conceitual da derivada fracionária, algumas de suas definições tanto na forma de diferenças finitas de Grünwald-Letnikov quanto nas formas integrais de Riemann-Liouville, para posteriormente aplicá-las a problemas usuais da teoria de circuitos elétricos em circuitos do tipo RC e RL de ordem fracionária.
Performance religiosa e mobilidade social de mulheres no Portugal dos séculos XVII e XVIII
Authors: Bellini Lígia , Pacheco Moreno Laborda
Published: March 2018

RESUMO O artigo examina trajetórias de mulheres que, no Portugal dos séculos XVII e XVIII, alcançaram certa distinção social a despeito de seu pertencimento a setores subalternos, no que se refere especificamente a hierarquias de gênero ou origem social. A análise funda-se em processos do Santo Ofício relativos aos crimes de molinosismo e fingimento de êxtases, visões e revelações, em livros de fundação de conventos, e em tratados voltados para a discussão de assuntos morais e vidas santas. As táticas e competências de que as mulheres enfocadas lançaram mão para alcançar posições ou papéis distintos dos originalmente destinados a elas não se relacionam à linhagem, à administração do reino ou às atividades econômicas de prestígio, mas à performance religiosa. Entretanto, observam-se homologias entre as ideias enunciadas para descrever e/ou validar os casos aqui estudados e as categorias associadas a processos mais institucionalizados nas instâncias jurídica e de governo.
Identidade do sanitarista no Brasil: percepções de estudantes e egressos de cursos de graduação em Saúde Pública/Coletiva
Authors: Silva Vinício Oliveira da , Pinto Isabela Cardoso de Matos
Published: March 2018

A emergência dos cursos de graduação em Saúde Coletiva no Brasil tem colocado em pauta a diversidade de processos que conferem legitimidade à atuação profissional e implicam o reconhecimento da identidade do “novo” sanitarista. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a identidade do sanitarista a partir da formação nos cursos de graduação em Saúde Pública/Coletiva no Brasil. Trata-se de estudo exploratório, de natureza qualitativa, com realização de grupo focal. Adotou-se o referencial teórico-metodológico de Dubar - Trajetórias subjetivas, lógicas de mobilidade e formas identitárias. Embora a maioria não tivesse interesse prévio de inserção na Saúde Coletiva, a maneira como se define revela afinidades - elemento favorável à construção social de identidade profissional. Sujeitos e identidades passam a fazer parte da produção discursiva de inúmeros enunciados, caracterizados por uma visão da dimensão político-social e dos valores inerentes à prática nesse campo.
Humanidades e ciência: uma leitura a partir da Bioética de Van Rensselaer (V. R.) Potter
Authors: Zanella Diego Carlos
Published: March 2018

A Bioética surgiu em um momento em que a distância entre a ciência e as humanidades parecia intransponível. Em seu surgimento, a Bioética possuía um apelo para superar essa distância que se revelava fatal para o futuro desenvolvimento da humanidade e para a manutenção das condições de vida nesse planeta. É nesse contexto que V. R. Potter propôs seu conceito original de Bioética como uma integração entre a Biologia e os valores humanos - especialmente a filosofia moral - para orientar a sobrevivência humana. Nesse sentido, o presente texto procurará desenvolver o significado do conceito de Bioética para V. R. Potter e o problema das “duas culturas”, isto é, da necessidade de construção de um diálogo entre as humanidades e a ciência, buscando uma convergência da relação ética de todos os saberes em torno do cuidado da vida.
O ensino de promoção e educação em saúde para sanitaristas
Authors: Medeiros Roberto Henrique Amorim de
Published: March 2018

Como egresso do curso de Saúde Coletiva, o sanitarista desenvolve competências para atuar no planejamento, na avaliação e na gestão em saúde. No entanto, sua formação acadêmica tem se distanciado de práticas formativas que o aproximariam das singularidades de indivíduos, das famílias e das comunidades, ou seja, do território vivo. Desenvolvida com alunos do 3° ano da graduação de Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), uma proposta pedagógica que tenta reaproximar o aluno do território de práticas é o tema deste artigo, cuja ênfase recai em seu método de ensino e seus resultados ao longo de seis semestres de experiência. A discussão acerca das propostas de intervenção dos alunos com promoção e educação em saúde nos territórios levou à problematização do papel dos sanitaristas como agentes de cuidado integral e, especialmente, sobre suas possibilidades de práticas na atenção à saúde.
Life-history characteristics of Pseudoplatystoma metaense (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) from the northwestern Orinoco River Basin
Authors: Pérez Alfredo , Fabré Nidia Noemí
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT The tiger shovelnose catfish (Pseudoplatystoma metaense) identified in literature prior to 2007 as P. tigrinum is the most important catfish species in the Orinoco River fishery, because of its abundance and high market price. The aim of this study was to obtain age, growth and population parameters of the of tiger shovelnose catfish. A total of 2,183 catfish, were sampled during 1996-2003 from the commercial fishery of the northwestern Orinoco River Basin in Venezuela, and were aged by examination of otoliths. Validation of otolith annuli was achieved with marginal increment analysis. Results suggest that, the opaque and translucent zones of otoliths were formed once per year. Length-weight relation and the von Bertalanffy growth model parameters were used to evaluate growth and other population parameters. A strong link between the annual flood pulse and opaque zone formation was confirmed in tiger shovelnose catfish. The total mortality (Z) and natural mortality (M) were estimated. Based in the reference points for optimal and limit fishing mortality rates (F opt and F limit ) this species is exploited above optimum levels. We thus recommend a closed fishing season during their seasonal reproduction, and establishment of a system of fish refuges to help sustain the population.
Age and growth of Zapteryx brevirostris (Elasmobranchii: Rhinobatidae) in southern Brazil
Authors: Carmo Wanessa P. D. , Fávaro Luís Fernando , Coelho Rui
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Age and growth studies are fundamental to successful fisheries management. Zapteryx brevirostris (Müller & Henle, 1841) is distributed off the Brazilian continental shelf and this species is assessed as “Vulnerable” in the Red List of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Thus, the objective of this study was to present previously unknown information about the age and growth of Z. brevirostris that can be used for its management, conservation, and fisheries. A total of 162 specimens were sampled, with total lengths (TL) varying between 35.7 cm and 56 cm. The vertebrae were embedded in resin, sectioned in cuts with 0.5 mm thickness and the growth bands of the vertebrae were read under a light microscope. In the studied area, Z. brevirostris ages were estimated from 4 to 10 years according to vertebrae patterns. The species reaches its maximum asymptotic size (Linf) around 56 cm (56 cm for females and 50.37 cm for males). This is the first estimate of age and growth for a species of the Zapteryx genus, and the results support the hypothesis that this ray requires future management conservation, particularly due to its slow growth rate and consequent susceptibility to overexploitation.
Larval development of the Mexican Snook, Centropomus poeyi (Teleostei: Centropomidae)
Authors: Kubicek Kole M. , Álvarez-González Carlos Alfonso , Martínez-García Rafael , Contreras-Sánchez Wilfrido Miguel , Pohlenz Camilo , Conway Kevin W.
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT We document for the first time the early ontogeny of Centropomus poeyi based on captive raised material representing 0-19 days posthatch (dph). The achievement of early developmental landmarks (i.e., yolk-sac depletion, flexion, development of fins) and changes in pigmentation are described (1.4 mm NL-10.6 mm SL; 0-19 dph) and documented for a subset of individuals using high quality photographs. The ontogeny of the viscerocranium is also described (2.4 mm NL-10.6 mm SL; 6-19 dph). Development in C. poeyi occurs over a short period with attainment of the juvenile stage (i.e., full complement of fin rays present in each fin) occurring by 6.9 mm SL. The ontogeny of external pigmentation in C. poeyi is marked by two trends throughout growth: (1) a decrease in pigmentation dorsally; and (2) an increase in pigmentation ventrally along the midline. Development of the viscerocranium begins with the appearance of the maxilla and dentary in individuals of 2.4 mm NL, coinciding with the depletion of the yolk-sac. By 10.6 mm SL all bones of the viscerocranium are present and teeth are present on all teeth-bearing bones of the adult. Aspects of early development in C. poeyi are compared with the congeners C. undecimalis and C. parallelus.
Two new species of Odontostilbe historically hidden under O. microcephala (Characiformes: Cheirodontinae)
Authors: Chuctaya Junior , Bührnheim Cristina M. , Malabarba Luiz R.
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Specimens historically identified as Odontostilbe microcephala from the upper rio Paraná and Andean piedmont tributaries of the río Paraguay are reviewed and split in three species. We found that the distribution of O. microcephala is restricted to the Andean slope of the río Paraguay basin. The species is distinguished from congeners with subterminal mouth by the elongate body, usually 10-12 gill rakers on upper branch and smaller horizontal orbital diameter (24.6-32.8 % HL, mean 28.7%). Specimens from upper rio Paraná constitute two new species, diagnosed from other Cheirodontinae by the presence of mesopterygoid teeth, grouped on median portion and forming a continuous row. The new species are distinguished from each other by having premaxillary teeth with five cusps vs. nine cusps and by the number of lamellae in left and right sides of central median raphe of olfactory rosette with 20-21 vs. 11-12.
Conserved number of U2 snDNA sites in Piabina argentea, Piabarchus stramineus and two Bryconamericus species (Characidae, Stevardiinae)
Authors: Piscor Diovani , Fernandes Carlos Alexandre , Parise-Maltempi Patricia P.
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT The chromosomal location of 5S rRNA and U2 snRNA genes of Piabina argentea, Piabarchus stramineus and two Bryconamericus species from two different Brazilian river basins were investigated, in order to contribute to the understanding of evolutionary characteristics of these repetitive DNAs in the subfamily Stevardiinae. The diploid chromosome number was 2n = 52 for Bryconamericus cf. iheringii, Bryconamericus turiuba, Piabarchus stramineus and Piabina argentea. The 5S rDNA clusters were located on one chromosome pair in P. stramineus and B. cf. iheringii, and on two pairs in B. turiuba and P. argentea. The U2 snDNA clusters were located on the one pair in all species. Two-color FISH experiments showed that the co-localization between 5S rDNA and U2 snDNA in P. stramineus can represent a marker for this species. Thus, the present study demonstrated that the number of U2 snDNA clusters observed for the four species was conserved, but particular characteristics can be found in the genome of each species.
Use of a nursery area by cownose rays (Rhinopteridae) in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Rangel Bianca S. , Rodrigues Alexandre , Moreira Renata G.
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Using non-lethal methods for data collection of individuals and participatory monitoring by fishermen, we provide the first empirical evidence of the use of a nursery area by neonate and young-of-the-year cownose rays Rhinoptera bonasus and R. brasiliensis in southeastern Brazil. Two methods were used to collect data: (1) information provided by fishermen (reports, pictures, and videos) and (2) field sampling by researchers. A total of 746 cownose rays were captured; 113 have been identified as R. bonasus, 15 as R. brasiliensis, and 618 were reported by fishermen and could not be identified to the species. Records of newborns were made only in late spring and summer in 2015, 2016, and 2017, which suggests an annual reproductive cycle, with birth in late spring, extending to summer. A repeated use of this area by R. bonasus suggests that it is potentially important to the reproduction of this species. However, R. brasiliensis requires more studies. Small increases in mortality, resulting from increased fishing or other anthropogenic stressors, can have a disproportionately large effect on population viability. Thus, management of areas used during critical stages of the life cycle of rays is crucial to their conservation.
Comparative cytogenetics of Astyanax (Teleostei: Characidae) from the upper Paraguay basin
Authors: Teixeira Thais K. S. S. , Venere Paulo C. , Ferreira Daniela C. , Mariotto Sandra , Castro Jonathan P. , Artoni Roberto F. , Centofante Liano
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Astyanax is one of the most abundant and diverse taxa of fishes in the Neotropical region. In order to increase the amount of cytogenetic information for Astyanax as well as to exhibit data to subsidize future taxonomic studies, this work analyzed three species of Astyanax: two species are cryptic, and are here reported to live in syntopy (A. abramis and A. lacustris); the first karyotype description for A. pirapuan is also presented. Cytogenetic analyzes reveal a diploid number of 2n=50 chromosomes for three species, yet with differences in their karyotype morphology. The physical mapping of 18S rDNA showed up to thirteen sites in A. pirapuan and two in A. abramis and A. lacustris. The physical mapping of 5S rDNA has proven to be an effective marker for the characterization of species of Astyanax studied in this work.
Anesthesia of tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) with the essential oils of Aniba rosaeodora and Aniba parviflora and their major compound, linalool
Authors: Baldisserotto Bernardo , Barata Lauro E. S. , Silva Amanda S. , Lobato Waldinete F. F. , Silva Lenise L. , Toni Cândida , Silva Lenise V. F.
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the anesthetic efficacy of the essential oils (EOs) of Aniba rosaeodora (EOAR) and Aniba parviflora (EOAP) and one of their main compounds, linalool, in two forms: synthetic and extracted from EOAR (linalool-AR) in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). In the first experiment, the anesthetic induction and recovery of juveniles exposed to 25- 200 µL L-1 of EOAR or 50- 300 µL L-1 of EOAP or synthetic linalool or linalool-AR was evaluated. The second experiment observed the behavioral effects of long-term exposure (12h) of these EOs and linalools (5 and 10 µL L-1). Fish exposed to 50-200 µL L-1 of EOAR and 100-300 µL L-1 of EOAP and both linalools reached deep anesthesia between 1-10 min. Induction time for all anesthesia stages decreased with the increasing concentration of the anesthetics. Linalool-AR showed lengthier time for anesthesia induction in some stages and for recovery at 100 and 200 µL L-1 in comparison to synthetic linalool. Normal equilibrium and swimming behavior was observed in fish exposed to the EOs and linalools throughout the 12 h of exposure. In conclusion, both EOs and linalools can be used as anesthetics and sedatives in tambaqui.
Histopathological alterations in Astyanax bifasciatus (Teleostei: Characidae) correlated with land uses of surroundings of streams
Authors: Nimet Jardel , Amorim João Paulo de Arruda , Delariva Rosilene Luciana
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT This study evaluated gills and liver of Astyanax bifasciatus as histological biomarkers for biomonitoring of streams along areas with different land uses. The fish were collected by electrofishing in six streams in the basin of the lower Iguaçu River. The objective was to correlate the presence and degree of histopathological alterations of gills and liver with the environmental variables among streams along different land uses. The low frequency of histopathological alterations found in fish from the forest streams suggested normal organ functioning. In fish from the rural and urban streams, the histopathological alterations occurred were in higher frequency, indicated light to moderate damage in gills and liver of fish from the rural streams, and moderate to severe damage in liver of fish from urban streams. The histopathological alterations in gills (lamellar aneurysm) and livers (vascular congestion) verified in impacted streams were significantly more frequent and severe. It was possible to distinguish streams along different land uses, suggesting that these histopathological alterations can be used as biomarkers for biomonitoring studies. The health integrity of fish from streams in forest areas further reinforces the importance of maintaining preservation areas in basins under intensive land use.
Age and growth of the Amazonian migratory catfish Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii in the Madeira River basin before the construction of dams
Authors: Hauser Marília , Doria Carolina R. C. , Melo Larissa R. C. , Santos Ariel R. , Ayala Daiana M. , Nogueira Lorena D. , Amadio Sidinéia , Fabré Nídia , Torrente-Vilara Gislene , García-Vásquez Áurea , Renno Jean-François , Carvajal-Vallejos Fernando M. , Alonso Juan C. , Nuñez Jésus , Duponchelle Fabrice
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT The goliath catfish Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii has crucial economical and ecological functions in the Amazon basin. Although its life history characteristics have been studied in the Amazon, there is little information in the Madeira River basin, which holds genetically distinct populations and where dams were recently built. Using fish collected in Bolivia, Brazil and Peru, this study provides a validation of growth rings deposition and details the growth patterns of B. rousseauxii in the Madeira before the dams’ construction. Age structure and growth parameters were determined from 497 otolith readings. The species exhibits two growth rings per year and sampled fish were between 0 and 16 years old. In the Brazilian portion of the basin, mainly young individuals below 5 years old were found, whereas older fish (> 5 years) were caught only in the Bolivian and Peruvian stretches, indicating that after migrating upstream to reproduce, adults remain in the headwaters of the Madeira River. Comparing with previous publications, B. rousseauxii had a slower growth and 20 cm lower maximum standard length in the Madeira River than in the Amazon River. This study provides a baseline for future evaluation of changes in population dynamics of the species following dams closure.
Development and characterization of fifteen polymorphic microsatellite loci in Bryconamericus aff. iheringii (Teleostei: Characidae) and cross-amplification in related Characidae species
Authors: Apolinário-Silva Caroline , Ferreira Dhiego G. , Cavenagh Analiza F. , Aprígio Nícollas G. O. , Galindo Bruno A. , Carlsson Jens , Sofia Silvia H.
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Data on 15 novel microsatellite loci from the Neotropical fish Bryconamericus aff. iheringii are presented here. Analyses of 32 individuals from four different streams revealed 192 different alleles, ranging from four to 32 alleles per locus (mean of 12.8 per locus). Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.094 to 0.813 and 0.205 to 0.952, respectively. These loci showed high polymorphic information content and will be a resource for genetic studies of B. aff. iheringii. Furthermore, several loci also amplified other small Neotropical Characidae (Piabarchus stramineus and Piabina argentea) and should be useful for these species.