bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental and numerical investigation on the effect of core-shell microcapsule sizes on mechanical properties of microcapsule-based polymers
Authors: Teimouri Amir , Barbaz Isfahani Reza , Saber-Samandari Saeed , Salehi Manouchehr
Published: June 2022

In this study, the effect of various microcapsule sizes on the mechanical properties of microcapsule-based polymeric materials was investigated using the finite element method and validated with experimental outcomes. Specimens containing 5wt. % of microcapsules were fabricated to calculate the elastic modulus, and maximum tensile stress, and to validate numerical results. To consider the error, five tests were performed for all samples, and results were reported on average. The average errors between the numerical outcomes and experimental results were 4.74% and 5.35% for maximum tensile stress and elastic modulus, respectively. The coaxial electrospraying method was used for synthesizing microcapsules made of alginate (shell) and epoxy (core). A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to calculate the diameter of the capsules. To develop an empirical model for the average microcapsule diameter (AMD) and carry out the optimization process, response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design was used. Also, analysis of variance was employed to validate the accuracy of the model. The effects of three parameters, including voltage, needle size, and the distance between the tip of the needle to the collector, on average microcapsule diameter, were investigated. The empirical model was validated by a confirmation run, and the determined error (1.93%) between the predicted and experimental results indicates the precision of the model. The numerical study indicated that microcapsule-based self-healing polymers containing smaller microcapsules tolerate higher stresses. However, the effect of the microcapsules’ size on the elastic modulus of a representative volume element was negligible.
Experimental investigation on mechanical properties of coal samples under different freeze–thaw cycles
Authors: Zhou Chengyong , Yang Yugui , Hou Shanshan , Cai Chengzheng , Li Fulin , Xu Cheng
Published: June 2022

Due to the extensive excavation of open-pit coal mines in northwest of China, the rock slopes formed by special environments are subjected to freeze-thaw (F-T) action, which has a certain impact on their stabilities. In order to evaluate the mechanical properties and micro damage characteristics of coal under different freeze-thaw cycles, uniaxial compression experiments combining acoustic emission tests were conducted. The results suggest that as the number of freeze-thaw cycles increased, elastic modulus of coal samples decreased, the samples showed ductile damage characteristics and initial compaction stage gradually increased. Compared with unfrozen-thawed coal sample, the compressive strength of the coal samples decreased by 23.27% after 10 F-T cycles, 31.06% after 15 F-T cycles, and 36.01% after 20 F-T cycles. The internal fissures in the coal samples transitioned from tensile fissures to shearing fissures, and the samples gradually showed tensile-shear combined failure. The final cumulative energy of the coal sample became lower, the cumulative energy duration increased and the time point of the energy surge was delayed with the increase of cyclic freeze-thaw times. A damage model based on the evolution law of the cumulative energy was established to bridge the gap between macro-micro damage mechanics.
Travel blogging, professionalism, and the changing boundaries of knowledge production
Authors: Ashe Ivy
Published: June 2022

Bloggers have long been seen as challenges to journalistic authority. This study focuses specifically on professional travel bloggers and their own self-understandings of what it means to be a professional. Is this understanding distinct from the professional structures that guide journalism? How might these different self-understandings impact the knowledge produced by each group of media workers? The implications of this project are particularly important given that people rely on travel media to help construct their own understandings of distant locations. It is crucial to understand the epistemic foundations of that location-based knowledge. Findings from this purposive survey sample indicate that travel bloggers’ specialized knowledge comes largely in the form of self-marketing and creating a recognizable brand. In keeping with previous findings from blog content analyses, showcasing authenticity is also seen as crucial for blogging success.
Consequences of Work-to-Family Conflicts for Parental Self-Efficacy—The Impact of Gender and Cultural Background in Germany
Authors: Adams Ayhan , Golsch Katrin
Published: June 2022

The central theoretical assumption is that work-to-family conflicts are having a direct impact on parental self-efficacy, and thus, play an important role within the parent-child relationship. This study examines relationships between work-family conflicts and parental self-efficacy, taking into account two potential moderators: gender and cultural differences between East and West Germany. We analyze data on 1746 employed mothers and fathers from three waves of the Pairfam study (2013, 2015, 2017), using cross-lagged panel models. The findings suggest that gender and cultural background moderate the relationship between work-family conflicts and parental self-efficacy, provided that the risk of reverse causality bias is not ignored. The findings show that work-to-family conflicts are associated with lower levels of parental self-efficacy for women, especially in West Germany. Future research can serve to illustrate how relationships between work-to-family conflicts and parental self-efficacy affect children’s well-being and parent-child relationships.
Kaposi Sarcoma of the Larynx: A Systematic Review
Authors: Barron Kendyl , Omiunu Ariel , Celidonio Joseph , Cruz‐Mullane Alexandra , Din‐Lovinescu Corina , Chemas‐Velez Maria Manuela , Baredes Soly , Eloy Jean Anderson , Fang Christina H.
Published: June 2022

Objective

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) of the larynx is a rare disease with few cases reported in the literature. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of laryngeal KS, including patient characteristics, treatment, and clinical outcomes.

Data Sources

PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library.

Review Methods

A systematic review of the published English literature was conducted. An electronic search and bibliographic examination of articles pertaining to laryngeal KS were performed. Demographic data, tumor site, treatment strategies, follow‐up, and outcome were analyzed.

Results

A total 77 cases from 50 articles were included in the review. The mean age was 47.6 years (range, 8‐81). There was an 8.6:1 male:female ratio. The most common presenting symptoms were dyspnea (n = 35) and hoarseness (n = 25). Laryngeal KS arose most frequently in the supraglottic region (n = 16). Chemotherapy alone (n = 27) was the most common treatment modality in patients with AIDS‐associated KS, and surgical excision alone (n = 7) was most common in patients with other subtypes of KS (eg, classic, transplant associated). Average follow‐up was 20.4 months (range, 0.75‐120). Most patients with AIDS‐associated KS died of other causes (n = 25), but most patients with other subtypes of KS were alive with no evidence of disease at follow‐up (n = 13).

Conclusion

This review contains the largest pool of laryngeal KS cases to date. Long‐term outcomes were generally unfavorable, often due to advanced HIV disease at the time of diagnosis.
Image War: Interview with Marie-José Mondzain
Authors: Chang Translated by Briankle G. , Nefeli Forni Zervoudaki
Published: June 2022

In this interview, Marie-José Mondzain, prominent French philosopher, historian, and cultural critic, discusses some of the key concepts in critical visual studies central to her work. In her typical keen, learned fashion, Mondzain demonstrates the unbreakable relationships among image, desire, subjectivity, collective identity, and the broader sociocultural milieu, in which image making and unmaking work in situ to constitute our political realities and the conflicts therein. Never a mere visual object, an image, as Mondzain shows, is as dynamic an element in the display of power as all the acts of negotiations and struggles that make up what is called politics. In plain but lively language and peppered with ticking examples, Mondzain’s replies to the interviewer provide a helpful introduction to her work on culture, theory, criticism, and politics over more than forty years.
Myocardial Iba1, MHC class II, and CD3 are diffusely increased in canine myocarditis: A step toward antemortem myocarditis diagnostics
Authors: Vu Kristina , Wikel Vanessa , Molesan Alex , Mudrak Erika , Kelly Kathleen
Published: June 2022

Canine myocarditis is a rare but serious health concern, potentially causing heart failure and death. Antemortem diagnosis is hampered by the numerous causes, nonspecific course, and dearth of diagnostic criteria. Currently, definitive diagnosis can only be made after death. The current human diagnostic gold standard is endomyocardial biopsy pairing cardiac histopathology with immunohistology to enhance detection of often-multifocal disease. We evaluated immune response markers in the canine heart to establish similar immunohistologic criteria. We hypothesized that myocardial major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3), and ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), markers increased in human myocarditis, would be increased in canine myocarditis cases. Archived paraffin-embedded myocardial tissue from 22 histopathologically confirmed cases of adult and juvenile myocarditis and 23 controls was analyzed by immunohistochemistry for MHCII, CD3, and Iba1, and the fraction of myocardium with labeling was determined. All 3 markers were significantly increased compared with controls across the entire section: Iba1, 10.1× ( P < .0001, Mann-Whitney U test); MHCII, 3.04× ( P = .0019); and CD3, 4.4× ( P = .0104). To mimic off-target biopsy, samples from 2 mm2 outside of inflammatory foci were analyzed, and these showed significant increases in Iba1 by 3.2× ( P = .0036, Mann-Whitney U test) and CD3 by 1.2× ( P = .0026). These data show diffusely increased immune response markers with canine myocarditis, with detection potentially independent of tissue sampling. Thus, endomyocardial biopsy and immunohistochemical detection of MHCII, CD3, and Iba1 may permit sensitive antemortem diagnosis of canine myocarditis.
Religion and Responsibility-Taking Among Offenders in Colombia and South Africa: A Qualitative Assessment of a Faith-Based Program in Prison
Authors: Anderson Matthew Lee , Burtt J. J. , Jang Sung Joon , Booyens Karen , Johnson Byron R. , Joseph Michael
Published: June 2022

This paper examines whether religion contributes to offenders taking responsibility for crimes. Specifically, we assessed whether participation in The Prisoner’s Journey (TPJ), a bible study program, increased or decreased responsibility-taking. We also examined whether religious offenders that did not participate in TPJ were likely to take responsibility for their offenses. For this study, we conducted a quasi-experiment in two Colombian and five South African prisons from 2018 to 2019, collecting data from personal interviews with a total of 73 inmates—42 TPJ participants and 31 non-participants—before and after the program. Offenders frequently offered subtle accounts of responsibility that incorporated their own agency with other factors. Highly religious offenders were equally likely to take responsibility, and in some cases participation in TPJ heightened responsibility. In sum, this paper presents evidence that religious beliefs and practice are commensurate with responsibility-taking and desistance from crime.
Examining Perceived Coercion in Drug Treatment Courts
Authors: Bruzios Kathryn E. , Shaffer Paige M. , Byrne Thomas , Pinals Debra A. , Trojano Max , Pressman Karen , Smelson David
Published: June 2022

While perceptions of voluntary consent have been studied among participants in Mental Health Courts (MHC), little is known about coercion among participants in Drug Treatment Courts (DTC), the most common type of specialty court. The purpose of the present study was to examine perceptions of coercion at enrollment among participants (N = 85) in two Massachusetts DTCs. Results indicated that, on average, participants reported low levels of perceived coercion (M = 1.67, SD = 1.23), which suggests that most individuals did not perceive their decision to enroll in DTC to be coercive. However, further research is needed to delineate whether clinical or procedural variations exist within DTCs, if levels of perceived coercion predict DTC participant outcomes, and if subpopulations experience higher or lower levels of coercion.
Lessons from Fiscal Policy in the Pandemic: The ODE Distinguished Economist Award Lecture
Authors: Romer Christina D.
Published: June 2022

This lecture examines the lessons learned from the fiscal policy response to the Covid-19 pandemic. For each lesson, it discusses how the pandemic experience corroborates or contradicts earlier evidence on the efficacy and optimal design of fiscal policy. It also considers whether the lessons from the pandemic are likely to carry over to future recessions.
The ideal of freedom in the Anthropocene: A new crisis of legitimation and the brutalization of geo-social conflicts
Authors: Carleheden Mikael , Schultz Nikolaj
Published: June 2022

Modern social orders are legitimized by the ideal of freedom. Most conceptions of this ideal are theorized against the backdrop of nature understood as governed by its own laws beyond the realm of the social. However, such an understanding of nature is now being challenged by the ‘Anthropocene’ hypothesis. This article investigates the consequences of this hypothesis for freedom as an ideal legitimizing social order. We begin by discussing the conception of legitimation, after which we examine three classical notions of freedom (developed by Hobbes, Kant, and Hegel), in light of the Anthropocene. Following our claim that these notions all have severe weaknesses in view of the Anthropocene, we argue that modern social orders are facing a new legitimation crisis. Such a crisis, we suggest, involves a ‘brutalization of social conflicts’, which under the conditions of the Anthropocene assumes the form of geo-social conflict.
Pediatric Nemaline Myopathy: A Systematic Review Using Individual Patient Data
Authors: Christophers Briana , Lopez Michael A. , Gupta Vandana A. , Vogel Hannes , Baylies Mary
Published: June 2022

Nemaline myopathy is a skeletal muscle disease that affects 1 in 50 000 live births. The objective of this study was to develop a narrative synthesis of the findings of a systematic review of the latest case descriptions of patients with NM. A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using the keywords pediatric, child, NM, nemaline rod, and rod myopathy. Case studies focused on pediatric NM and published in English between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2020, in order to represent the most recent findings. Information was collected about the age of first signs, earliest presenting neuromuscular signs and symptoms, systems affected, progression, death, pathologic description, and genetic changes. Of a total of 385 records, 55 case reports or series were reviewed, covering 101 pediatric patients from 23 countries. We review varying presentations in children ranging in severity despite being caused by the same mutation, in addition to current and future clinical considerations relevant to the care of patients with NM. This review synthesizes genetic, histopathologic, and disease presentation findings from pediatric NM case reports. These data strengthen our understanding of the wide spectrum of disease seen in NM. Future studies are needed to identify the underlying molecular mechanism of pathology, to improve diagnostics, and to develop better methods to improve the quality of life for these patients.
Black Mothers and Vaccine Refusal: Gendered Racism, Healthcare, and the State
Authors: Thornton Courtney , Reich Jennifer A.
Published: June 2022

Vaccine refusal has increasingly been the focus of public health concern. Rates of children who are up to date on vaccines have declined in recent years, and vaccine refusal has been implicated in disease outbreaks. Most research on children who are not fully immunized identifies white affluent mothers as most likely to opt out by choice and Black mothers as more likely to face structural barriers that limit access to vaccines for their children. In this paper, we analyze social media posts and online discussions among Black mothers to better understand their concerns about vaccines. Unlike white women who reject vaccines as a personal choice, Black mothers express unique concerns about the role of the state in their lives. Specifically, some Black mothers using social media view vaccines as a white technology and claim that white women have greater freedom in opting out of vaccines without the same risks to their families. They describe efforts to strategize interactions with pediatricians and other healthcare providers who can report them to social service agencies or block access to welfare and nutritional benefits for their families if they refuse vaccines. Black women’s experiences with structural gendered racism in interactions with healthcare and education systems shape vaccine decisions and should be taken seriously.
An improved multipoint optimal minimum entropy deconvolution adjusted method for the diagnosis of rotating machinery under variable speed conditions
Authors: Xu Wei , Tan Hongzhi , Zhao Ming
Published: June 2022

Deconvolution algorithms have been proved to be effective tools for fault feature extraction and diagnosis of rotating machinery. As a non-iterative algorithm, multipoint optimal minimum entropy deconvolution adjusted (MOMEDA) shows its advantage in computation efficiency. However, MOMEDA focuses only on the extraction of impulses with precise periodicity while the fault feature excited under time-varying speed may not meet this requirement. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an improved method named as MOMEDAang to extend the application scenarios of MOMEDA under time-varying speed condition. Instead of using a periodic target vector, the new method calculates the time-domain intervals of fault impulses according to their nature of isometric distribution in angle domain, which can be free from the variation of speed. Moreover, the harmonic modulation intensity and average Gini index are further defined in this paper to highlight the inherent cyclic modulation order of filtered signal and conduct the health condition identification of monitoring equipment. The results of simulation and experimental cases reveal effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.
Influence of accelerated corrosion on bi-material steel-CFRP double-lap joints bonded with thick adhesive
Authors: Jaiswal Pankaj R , Iyer Kumar Rahul , Rooms Koen , Rousseau Joren , Pondicherry Kannaki , De Waele Wim
Published: June 2022

Bi-material steel-composite joints attract interest for marine applications. The marine environment imposes corrosion which is a prolonged process. This work presents a two-electrode electrochemical setup for accelerating free corrosion of the steel surfaces of bi-material joints. It is used to study the impact of accelerated corrosion on the mechanical performance of bi-material double lap specimens subjected to quasi-static tensile testing. Several test series have been conducted to evaluate the influence of overlap length and bond line thickness on shear strength and failure mode. Sixty specimens with a thick layer of methyl methacrylate adhesive have been fabricated and cured at room temperature for at least 24 h. Subsequently, 30 specimens were aged by subjecting them to electrochemical corrosion for 24 h. All specimens were tested for failure in quasi-static tensile loading while monitoring the strain fields in the joint area using digital image correlation. The measurements reveal a homogeneous shear strain field at the onset of loading, with a rapidly increasing shear strain concentration near the edges of the bond line preceding final failure. Both a decrease in the adhesive thickness and an increase in the overlap length increase the shear strength. Higher shear strength was observed for the electrochemically aged specimens than that of non-aged specimens. This is attributed to the faster residual curing of the adhesive during ageing because an increasing percentage of copper ions (released from the anode) accelerates the curing of the MMA adhesive. The electrochemically aged specimens showed mixed failure modes, i.e. cohesive failure and adhesive failure at the interface between steel and adhesive, and skin failure within the composite laminates.
Three-dimensional continuous-time integrated guidance and control design using model predictive control
Authors: Sheikhbahaei Reza , Khankalantary Saeed
Published: June 2022

In this study, a novel three-dimensional continuous-time integrated guidance and control (IGC) scheme is presented. The proposed method is developed on the basis of generalized model predictive control (GMPC) approach and super-twisting extended state observer (STESO). The GMPC is used to generate the optimal closed form control law for the interceptor and the STESO is applied to estimate the maneuvering target lateral accelerations as well as the lumped disturbances. To the aim of IGC design, a six-degrees-of-freedom model based on the interceptor-target kinematics and interceptor dynamics is constructed. Afterward, the GMPC control law formulation for a nonlinear system exposed to disturbances is extracted. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed IGC system is studied by numerical simulations. The simulation results reveal satisfactory interception performance including less energy consumption in comparison to a recently proposed successful IGC method.
Aerodynamic design and evaluation of a ducted fan lift system for vertical takeoff and landing flying cars
Authors: Jiang Hanjie , Zhou Ye , Ho Hann Woei
Published: June 2022

Urban air mobility is a relatively new concept that has been proposed in recent years as a means of transporting passengers and goods in urban areas. It encompasses a diverse range of Vertical TakeOff and Landing (VTOL) vehicles that function more like passenger-carrying drones for on-demand transportation. Among them, the car-like VTOL is advantageous due to its compact configuration, safe rotors, high user affinity, and technological fashion. These characteristics are frequently derived from the flying car’s Ducted Fan Lift System (DFLS). This study aims to develop a method for the rapid design and the evaluation of the aerodynamic performance of the DFLS, to support the preliminary scheme demonstration of the ducted fan flying car. The proposed method uses blade element theory to design the unducted fan and applies momentum theory to calculate the aerodynamic thrust of the DFLS. The DFLS of a 1:3 scale verifier for a flying car scheme was designed and evaluated using the proposed method and a numerical method, respectively. To validate the proposed method, a prototype of the scale DFLS was manufactured and tested, and the result was compared with those of the proposed theoretical method and the numerical method. This study demonstrates that while both the theoretical and numerical methods are capable of designing an unducted fan accurately, the theoretical method is simpler and faster. Compared to the DFLS test results, the theoretical method’s average difference is approximately 1.9%. When evaluating the DFLS, the accuracy of the numerical calculation is reduced, and the difference is greater than 30% at low power. The theoretical method presented in this paper can be used to improve the aerodynamic design and evaluation efficiency of the DFLS and to aid in the configuration evaluation of VTOLs equipped with ducted fans.
Greening South Asia with Financial Liberalization, Human Capital, and Militarization: Evidence from the CS-ARDL Approach
Authors: Lee Chien-Chiang , Yahya Farzan , Razzaq Asif
Published: June 2022

Green growth is recognized as an adequate mechanism to decelerate environmental turmoil. However, empirical evidence on what determines sustainable economic growth is still underexplored. Apprehending the importance of financial liberalization, human capital, and militarization in the South Asian region, we investigate their short- and long-run effects on green growth using data from 1990 to 2017. To address the cross-sectional dependency (CD) and heterogeneity issue, second-generation cointegration estimation techniques are employed. The findings show a stable and long-run relationship between financial liberalization, human capital, military expenditures, and green growth. The results of CS-ARDL also show the positive long-run effect of financial liberalization and human capital while the negative effect of militarization on green growth. Nonetheless, the interaction effects show the darker side of human capital and the brighter side of militarization in the presence of more financial openness. Results were further validated using the Augmented Mean Group (AMG) and Dumitrescu-Hurlin Granger causality test, highlighting the need to optimally utilize military expenditures, financial liberalization, and human capital for the sustainable growth of the region.
Climate-driven Holocene ecohydrological and carbon dynamics from maritime peatlands of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, eastern Canada
Authors: Perrier Léonie , Garneau Michelle , Pratte Steve , Sanderson Nicole K
Published: June 2022

Anticosti Island, located in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (GSL; Quebec, Canada) is covered by ~25% peatland ecosystems, and conditions supporting their development remain poorly documented. We present the first reconstructions of the ecohydrological conditions (vegetation successions and water table variations) and related carbon accumulation of two maritime peatlands (Pluvier; PLU and Pointe de l’Est; PTE) located on the eastern part of Anticosti Island. These ombrotrophic peatlands developed under the influence of the GSL sea-surface conditions in interaction with atmospheric circulation during the Holocene. Long-term apparent Rate of Carbon Accumulation (LORCA, g C m−2 a−1) at PLU (13.3) and PTE (16.8) are lower than the mean global value for northern peatlands (22.9), likely due to high wind exposure. Results show that despite the earlier peat inception at PLU (9440 cal a BP) before PTE (6250 cal a BP), the fen-bog transition of both peatlands occurred almost synchronously (4540 and 5070 cal a BP respectively), suggesting favourable hydroclimatic conditions for peat growth. A slowdown in peat accumulation combined with dry and variable hydrological conditions after ca. 3300 cal a BP in the two studied peatlands coincided with the transition from the mid-Holocene to the Neoglacial cooling. At ca. 800 cal a BP, the shift from wet Sphagnum to dry ligneous peat corresponds to the transition from the Medieval Climate Anomaly to the Little Ice Age. Cooling periods, characterized by a decrease in incident solar radiation and the incursion of cold and dry Arctic air masses into the GSL, are marked by a decrease in peat accumulation, especially at PLU, due to its higher wind exposure, which influenced reduced snow cover thickness as well as frost penetration and duration through the peat.
Disentangling the Medieval Climatic Anomaly in Patagonia and its impact on human societies
Authors: Ozán Ivana L , de Porras María E , Morales Marcelo , Barberena Ramiro
Published: June 2022

This paper revises paleoenvironmental data from Patagonia (southern South America) to discuss the occurrence, characteristics, and human impact of the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (MCA). The analysis of continuous paleoenvironmental archives with multidecadal-to-centennial resolution is based on a quality assessment regarding data interpretation, chronological control, and time range adequacy within the MCA lapse. After applying this three-stepped quality filters on the total dataset ( N = 48), 18 cases can accurately be ascribed to the MCA. Except for two sites indicating wetter conditions, these records show dry and/or warm conditions between ca. 750 and 1350 CE (core period at ca. 800–1200 CE). Even though MCA records come mostly from forests and forest-steppe ecotones, all previous archeological hypotheses about the MCA effects on past hunter-gatherers were proposed for the steppes, particularly in southern sectors, thus requiring an assessment of the source of the signal, their synchronicity and causality between human-environmental processes. In the southern steppe, paleoenvironmental records partially overlapping with the MCA time window actually show a predominance of wet conditions between 47° and 50° S, whereas a generalized aridity is recorded in southern tip of the continental Patagonia between 51° and 52° S. Thus, a complex scenario of landscape fragmentation can be supported in the southern steppes during the MCA, produced not only by enhanced aridity in dry environments, but also because of the presence of wet and more resilient areas. This landscape heterogeneity must be considered to deepen the understanding of behavioral changes contemporaneous to the MCA. However, a scenario of demographic growth suggested around 1000 CE for the entire Patagonia could have promoted human changes similar to those expected for the MCA. Finally, no-archeological discussions linked to the MCA were developed for forest regions, despite their robust paleoenvironmental records, implying that changes in proxy data might not have necessarily involved important environmental changes.
Lowstand lake conditions in NW Anatolia during the Little Ice Age: Multi-proxy evidence from Lake Sünnet
Authors: Ocakoğlu Faruk , Akbulut Aydın , Oybak Dönmez Emel , Tuncer Alaettin , Tunoğlu Cemal , Açıkalın Sanem , Erayık Celal
Published: June 2022

Despite global and local evidence of significant precipitation changes since the Little Ice Age (LIA), their impact upon lake hydrology and surrounding vegetation has yet to be investigated in NW Anatolia. Moreover, the LIA, as a trigger to the social/political recession of the Ottoman Empire in the 17th century is expected to have these impacts. To address this important gap, we studied three cores from Lake Sünnet, a landslide-dammed high altitude lake with extreme sedimentation rates, by using a wide range of proxies including lithology, stable isotopes of O and C, diatoms, pollen, and ostracods. The LIA timespan of AD 1510–1750 is represented by poorly preserved diatom flora and scarce ostracod fauna that collectively suggest very shallow aquatic conditions. The period AD 1640–1710 within the LIA is standing out with higher Abies and total herb pollen percentages that denotes considerably cooler conditions. During and soon after this cold and dry period precisely overlapping the Maunder Minimum, the currently deep Lake Sülüklü in close vicinity was a dry lowland where tall trees were growing. Progressive warming/lake level rise in Lake Sünnet after the AD 1750s is suggested based on a continuous diatom record with increasing planktonic share, increase in diverse and warm demanding arboreal cover, and a positive shift in δ18O of the lake muds. Following the relatively dry/cold period of AD 1800–1850 (Dalton Minimum) when the lake level was stationary and Artemisia cover became the most expanded of the whole record, a relatively warmer climate has dominated the area until the end of the 20th century.
Sources of coal remains from the Jartai Pass Site in Nilka County, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Li Shan , Wang Yongqiang , Zhu Shuquan , Ruan Qiurong , Tie Cai , Gao Xiulong , Zhao Xuanhe , Liang Handong
Published: June 2022

The Jartai Pass site is a Late Bronze Age (3600–3000cal. a B.P.) settlement site in Nilka County, Xinjiang, China, containing the world’s earliest coal-burning remains including coal and ash. To investigate possible sources of coal used at the Jartai Pass site, extractable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of the coal remains and coals around the site were analyzed. The concentrations of total PAHs (∑PAHs), 16 US Environmental Protection Agency prioritized PAHs (∑16PAHs), and alkylated PAHs (∑aPAHs) in 14 coal remains samples ranged from 1680–8579, 1090–4193, and 180–4066 ng/g, respectively. Four samples had higher PAH concentrations than the other 10 samples and were dominated by parent 4–6-ring PAHs and alkylated 2–3-ring PAHs. The other 10 samples were dominated by parent 2–3-ring PAHs, indicating different sources for the coal remains at the site. Total PAH concentrations in six coal samples around the site ranged from 2858–21582 ng/g. Three raw coal samples from mines were dominated by parent 2–3-ring PAHs, and the other three outcrop coals were dominated by parent 4–6-ring PAHs and alkylated 2–3-ring PAHs, revealing a significant difference in the PAH composition between raw coal and weathered outcrop coal. Based on the regional coalfield geology and development history of coal utilization in China, we suggest that the coals used at Jartai Pass site were from outcrop coal seams. The four high-PAH coal remains might have been from the coal line on the bank of the Kashgar River. Considering the amount used at the site over a long period, we speculate that the remaining coal may have been from the subsurface layer of the outcrop coal seam, indicating variation in mining depth. This study provides a basis for understanding coal remains unearthed at an archeological site in northwestern China and early coal utilization by humans.
MEGH: A parametric class of general hazard models for clustered survival data
Authors: Rubio Francisco Javier , Drikvandi Reza
Published: June 2022

In many applications of survival data analysis, the individuals are treated in different medical centres or belong to different clusters defined by geographical or administrative regions. The analysis of such data requires accounting for between-cluster variability. Ignoring such variability would impose unrealistic assumptions in the analysis and could affect the inference on the statistical models. We develop a novel parametric mixed-effects general hazard (MEGH) model that is particularly suitable for the analysis of clustered survival data. The proposed structure generalises the mixed-effects proportional hazards and mixed-effects accelerated failure time structures, among other structures, which are obtained as special cases of the MEGH structure. We develop a likelihood-based algorithm for parameter estimation in general subclasses of the MEGH model, which is implemented in our R package MEGH. We propose diagnostic tools for assessing the random effects and their distributional assumption in the proposed MEGH model. We investigate the performance of the MEGH model using theoretical and simulation studies, as well as a real data application on leukaemia.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcome Analysis for HLA Loss Patients Following Partially Mismatched Related Donor Transplantation Using HLA Chimerism for Loss of Heterozygosity Analysis by Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Wang Andi , Li Wenjun , Zhao Fei , Zheng Zhongzheng , Yang Ting , Wang Sanbin , Yan Jinsong , Lan Jianpin , Fan Shengjin , Zhao Mingfeng , Shen Jianpin , Li Xin , Yang Tonghua , Lu Quanyi , Lu Ying , Bai Hai , Zhang Haiyan , Cai Dali , Wang Ling , Yuan Zhiyang , Jiang Erlie , Zhou Fang , Song Xianmin
Published: June 2022

Genomic loss of mismatched human leukocyte antigen (HLA loss) is one of the most vital immune escape mechanisms of leukemic cells after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). However, the methods currently used for HLA loss analysis have some shortcomings. Limited literature has been published, especially in lymphoid malignancies. This study aims to evaluate the incidences, risk factors of HLA loss, and clinical outcomes of HLA loss patients. In all, 160 patients undergoing partially mismatched related donor (MMRD) transplantation from 18 centers in China were selected for HLA loss analysis with the next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based method, which was validated by HLA-KMR. Variables of the prognostic risk factors for HLA loss or HLA loss–related relapse were identified with the logistic regression or the Fine and Gray regression model. An HLA loss detection system, HLA-CLN [HLA chimerism for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis by NGS], was successfully developed. Forty (25.0%) patients with HLA loss were reported, including 27 with myeloid and 13 with lymphoid malignancies. Surprisingly, 6 of those 40 patients did not relapse. The 2-year cumulative incidences of HLA loss (22.7% vs 22.0%, P = 0.731) and HLA loss–related relapse (18.4% vs 20.0%, P = 0.616) were similar between patients with myeloid and lymphoid malignancies. The number of HLA mismatches (5/10 vs <5/10) was significantly associated with HLA loss in the whole cohort [odds ratio (OR): 3.15, P = 0.021] and patients with myeloid malignancies (OR: 3.94, P = 0.021). A higher refined-disease risk index (OR: 6.91, P = 0.033) and donor–recipient ABO incompatibility (OR: 4.58, P = 0.057) contributed to HLA loss in lymphoid malignancies. To sum up, HLA-CLN could overcome the limitations of HLA-KMR and achieve a better HLA coverage for more patients. The clinical characteristics and outcomes were similar in patients with HLA loss between myeloid and lymphoid malignancies. In addition, the results suggested that a patient with HLA loss might not always relapse.
Free radical polymerization of allylamine in different acidic media
Authors: Sepehrianazar Amir , Güven Olgun
Published: June 2022

The complex formation between allylamine and mineral acids (HCl, H2SO4, H3PO4) and their stabilities were investigated by Uv-Vis, DSC and TGA analyses. Free radical polymerization of allylamine salts was achieved by using 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropanediamine)dihydrochloride at 50oC under N2 atmosphere in water. PAlAm synthesized in the presence of H2SO4 and H3PO4 were insoluble in water due to physical crosslinking of chains. They were converted to water soluble PAlAm.HCl by HCl treatment for further characterization. The structures of polymers obtained were elucidated by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C, and Cosy NMR spectroscopies. Thermal stability and glass transition behaviors were investigated by TGA and DSC. Tg was found to be 225°C for poly (AlAm.HCl) whereas 23°C for poly (AlAm). The poly (AlAm) showed very high heat stability with no weight loss until 440°C in nitrogen atmosphere. The molecular weight of PAlAm.HCl was determined by 1H NMR and viscosimetry to be 16,000 and 12,000 respectively.
Challenges and Opportunities for Start-up Innovation and Entrepreneurship as Tools Towards Knowledge-based Economy: A Study of Tribal Youth of the TSP Region of Southern Rajasthan of India
Authors: Gupta Sachin , Satpathy Biswajit , Baral Sukanta Kumar , Chaturvedi Ankita
Published: June 2022

The goal of this study was to look at the start-up ecosystem and entrepreneurial environment among tribal youth in the Tribal Sub-Plan area of Southern Rajasthan by assessing their predicament and working conditions. The study looked at the obstacles, challenges and possibilities that start-ups and new enterprises face, as well as how they may be used to create economic, political and social change by helping society towards a knowledge-based economy. The study’s goal is to underline the vital role of start-ups, and instead of seeing start-ups and challenges as two separate things, we may connect the two and ‘use’ start-ups to solve these problems, specifically by innovating in areas where tribal society’s most pressing problems exist.
A Systematic Review of Life Satisfaction Experiences Among Childfree Adults
Authors: Stahnke Brittany , Cooley Morgan E. , Blackstone Amy
Published: June 2022

Demographic trends in parenthood have revealed that more people are living their lives without children. Societal assumption, however, is that the childfree life is lacking in fulfillment. Understanding whether there is an association between being childfree and life satisfaction may provide relevant information on how to better support individuals who do not have children. Although there are many studies with the purpose of examining childlessness and some measure of general well-being, this review synthesizes such scholarship examining life satisfaction of persons without children. This review assessed published peer-reviewed articles in six social science databases (Social Science Premium, PubMed, PsycInfo, SearchWise, Google Scholar, and SagePub) between 1979 and 2020 and identified 15 articles for inclusion. Examining childfree persons, the results of this review indicate a positive association between childlessness and life satisfaction. The results of this review support the need for greater exploration of the context of life satisfaction among diverse groups of childfree older adults.
Histopathological Study of Mucormycosis in Post COVID-19 Patients and Factors Affecting it in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sree Lakshmi I. , Kumari B. Swapna , Jyothi Ch. , Devojee M. , Padma Malini K. , Sunethri Padma , Bheemrao Somalwar Shrinivas , Kavitha T.
Published: June 2022

Introduction. COVID-19 is an infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) which may be associated with a wide range of bacterial and fungal co-infections. Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection occurring in post COVID-19 patients. Objectives. To study the role of histopathology in mucormycosis and the predisposing factors associated in development of mucormycosis in post COVID-19 patients. Materials and methods. A prospective observational study was conducted in our hospital in the pathology department over a period of 3 months on 200 patients with mucormycosis who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus. Results. Out of the 200 patients with mucormycosis studied in post COVID-19 patients, age ranged from 21–80 years, of which 132 were men and 68 were women. Sites involved by mucormycosis were sinuses, orbit, cranium, and cutaneous. Ethmoid sinus was most involved, followed by maxillary sinus. Diabetes was present in 162 patients and hypertension in 92 patients. On histopathological examination, fungal load was severe in 49 patients, angioinvasion was present in 48 patients, perineural invasion was present in 32 patients, and necrosis was present in 121 patients. The number of patients discharged after surgery was 169, whereas 31 died. Conclusion. Histopathological features of mucormycosis like angioinvasion, perineural invasion, severe fungal load, and large areas of necrosis were directly proportional to the mortality rate. Thus, histopathologists can help in assessing prognosis at the time of tissue diagnosis, so that clinicians can optimize treatment accordingly. Diabetes and history of corticosteroid intake for treatment of COVID-19 were the two commonest predisposing factors for development of mucormycosis.
Ameloblastic Carcinoma of the Maxilla: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature from 1948 to 2021
Authors: Chen Irene Y. , Giampoli Ellen J. , Zhang Dongwei
Published: June 2022

Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm arising from the odontogenic epithelium. Ameloblastic carcinoma commonly occurs de novo affecting the posterior segments of the mandible. Presently, only less than 100 cases have been reported arising from the maxilla. We report a unique case of maxillary ameloblastic carcinoma in a 68-year-old male with a 5.6 cm positron emission tomography (PET) avid left maxillary sinus mass. The patient underwent a left maxillectomy which revealed hyperchromatic and pleomorphic tumor cells arranged in a nested and trabecular architecture. The tumor cells showed distinct peripheral palisading with reverse polarization. Areas of bone destruction, necrosis, lymphovascular and perineural invasions, as well as atypical mitoses, were identified. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for keratin cocktail (AE1/AE3 and CAM 5.2), keratin 19, p40, and weakly positive for MDM2, while negative for calretinin. Molecular analysis revealed wild-type BRAF; however, alterations in CDKN2A/ B, MTAP, RB1, SMARCA4, STK11, FGF12, SETD2, and TP53 were present. This histopathologic and molecular profile supported the diagnosis of ameloblastic carcinoma. There has been no evidence of disease recurrence or metastasis eleven months after the initial diagnosis.
Improving Breast Cancer Family Caregivers’ Palliative Care Literacy: A Pilot Randomized Trial
Authors: Schulman-Green Dena , Linsky Sarah , Blatt Leslie , Jeuland Jane , Kapo Jennifer , Jeon Sangchoon
Published: June 2022

Self- and family management (SFM) refers to patients’ and family caregivers’ activities to co-manage illness. Two barriers to SFM are low palliative care literacy and lack of goals of care communication, which potentially result in SFM activities that are unsupportive of patients’ goals. Managing Cancer Care: A Caregiver’s Guide (MCC-CG) aims to improve palliative care literacy and communication within a SFM training program. In this pilot randomized trial, we enrolled breast cancer family caregivers and collected data at 0, 1, and 3 months on palliative care literacy, SFM engagement, communication, transitions management, uncertainty, caregiver burden, and caregiver competence/personal gain. Participants ( n = 35) had a mean age of 54 (range: 18–81) and were 66% white and 34% racial/ethnic minorities. Intervention participants improved their palliative care literacy and SFM engagement, reduced uncertainty and caregiver burden, increased competence/personal gain, and had more goals of care conversations over time. MCC-CG has preliminary efficacy, warranting further study.
The Persistence of Life and Play in በርበረ [ber-be-re] Transcripts
Authors: Isaac Joseph
Published: June 2022

In their record of events, transcripts act as the representative account of their participants’ dialogue and actions, crystallizing these moments into coherent narratives that detail “what exactly happened.” However, this coherence obscures the many choices that go into a transcript’s production, from the descriptions offered to the descriptions left out. Nowhere is this perhaps clearer than in the recipes of “made dishes,” which promise the faithful reproduction of their subjects’ sensory experience. Reading this author’s localized experience of the spice mix በርበረ [ ber-be-re] through the recipes of six writer-editors,1 this article adopts a methodology of diffraction to illustrate the transcript’s many practices of domination. This article argues that while the transcript colonizes the space of exchange it describes, it can also act as a space of playful resistance, detailing በርበረ’s persistence of life, hope, and possibility even among the ex/inclusions of its transcripted recipe.
Policing Temporality: Police Officers Reflect on the Role of the Police in Gentrifying a High-Crime Neighborhood
Authors: Zur Hadas
Published: June 2022

Prior research reveals the interrelations between gentrification and policing, yet this paper introduces the unheard perspective of the of police on their role in gentrification. The study focuses on South Tel Aviv, which houses immigrants, drug addicts, prostitution and houselessness. It is undergoing massive urban renewal and has become the most policed area in the city. Methodology includes interviews with police officers (N-15), ethnography with urban police and spatial analysis of urban renewal. The paper argues that: 1. Gentrifying a high-crime neighborhood triggers a collision of urban forces and spatial negotiations amid users, institutions, and areas in the city. 2. Police play a significant role in this process and must operate intensive borderwork on various scales, with technology becoming a tool for internal, microgeographical social borderwork. 3. Policing gentrification raises reflexivity among officers regarding their profession, social obligation and position in urban politics. The paper concludes with the concept of policing temporality to describe the role of police in gentrification.