bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Information Measures for Fermatean Fuzzy Sets and Their Applications to Pattern Recognition and Medical Diagnosis
Authors: Ashraf Shahzaib , Attaullah  , Naeem Muhammad , Khan Asghar , Rehman Noor , Pandit M. K.
Published: March 2023

Fermatean fuzzy sets (FFSs) have piqued the interest of researchers in a wide range of domains. The striking framework of the FFS is keen to provide the larger preference domain for the modeling of ambiguous information deploying the degrees of membership and nonmembership. Furthermore, FFSs prevail over the theories of intuitionistic fuzzy sets and Pythagorean fuzzy sets owing to their broader space, adjustable parameter, flexible structure, and influential design. The information measures, being a significant part of the literature, are crucial and beneficial tools that are widely applied in decision‐making, data mining, medical diagnosis, and pattern recognition. This paper aims to expand the literature on FFSs by proposing many innovative Fermatean fuzzy sets‐based information measures, namely, distance measure, similarity measure, entropy measure, and inclusion measure. We investigate the relationship between distance, similarity, entropy, and inclusion measures for FFSs. Another achievement of this research is to establish a systematic transformation of information measures (distance measure, similarity measure, entropy measure, and inclusion measure) for the FFSs. To accomplish this aim, new formulae for information measures of FFSs have been presented. To demonstrate the validity of the measures, we employ them in pattern recognition, building materials, and medical diagnosis. Additionally, a comparison between traditional and novel similarity measures is described in terms of counter‐intuitive cases. The findings demonstrate that the innovative information measures do not include any absurd cases.
Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Savolitinib plus Osimertinib in an EGFR Mutation–Positive, MET-Amplified Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Model
Authors: Jones Rhys D.O. , Petersson Klas , Tabatabai Areya , Bao Larry , Tomkinson Helen , Schuller Alwin G.
Published: March 2023

Osimertinib is a third-generation, irreversible, oral EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) recommended as first-line treatment for patients with locally advanced/metastatic EGFR mutation–positive (EGFRm) non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, MET amplification/overexpression is a common acquired osimertinib resistance mechanism. Savolitinib is an oral, potent, and highly selective MET-TKI; preliminary data suggest that combining osimertinib with savolitinib may overcome MET-driven resistance.

A patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse model with EGFRm, MET-amplified NSCLC was tested with a fixed osimertinib dose [10 mg/kg for exposures equivalent to (≈)80 mg], combined with doses of savolitinib (0–15 mg/kg, ≈0–600 mg once daily), both with 1-aminobenzotriazole (to better match clinical half-life). After 20 days of oral dosing, samples were taken at various time points to follow the time course of drug exposure in addition to phosphorylated MET and EGFR (pMET and pEGFR) change. Population pharmacokinetics, savolitinib concentration versus percentage inhibition from baseline in pMET, and the relationship between pMET and tumor growth inhibition (TGI) were also modeled.

As single agents, savolitinib (15 mg/kg) showed significant antitumor activity, reaching ∼84% TGI, and osimertinib (10 mg/kg) showed no significant antitumor activity (34% TGI, P > 0.05 vs. vehicle). Upon combination, at a fixed dose of osimertinib, significant savolitinib dose-related antitumor activity was shown, ranging from 81% TGI (0.3 mg/kg) to 84% tumor regression (15 mg/kg). Pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modeling showed that the maximum inhibition of both pEGFR and pMET increased with increasing savolitinib doses.

Savolitinib demonstrated exposure-related combination antitumor activity when combined with osimertinib in the EGFRm MET-amplified NSCLC PDX model.
Acute Influenza Infection Promotes Lung Tumor Growth by Reprogramming the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Garmendia Irati , Varthaman Aditi , Marmier Solenne , Angrini Mahmud , Matchoua Ingrid , Darbois-Delahousse Aurelie , Josseaume Nathalie , Foy Pierre-Emmanuel , Roumenina Lubka T. , Naouar Naïra , Meylan Maxime , Sibéril Sophie , Russick Jules , Joubert Pierre-Emmanuel , Leroy Karen , Damotte Diane , Mansuet-Lupo Audrey , Wislez Marie , Alifano Marco , Menger Laurie , Garcia-Verdugo Ignacio , Sallenave Jean-Michel , Lantz Olivier , Petitprez Florent , Cremer Isabelle
Published: March 2023

One billion people worldwide get flu every year, including patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the impact of acute influenza A virus (IAV) infection on the composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the clinical outcome of patients with NSCLC is largely unknown. We set out to understand how IAV load impacts cancer growth and modifies cellular and molecular players in the TME. Herein, we report that IAV can infect both tumor and immune cells, resulting in a long-term protumoral effect in tumor-bearing mice. Mechanistically, IAV impaired tumor-specific T-cell responses, led to the exhaustion of memory CD8+ T cells and induced PD-L1 expression on tumor cells. IAV infection modulated the transcriptomic profile of the TME, fine-tuning it toward immunosuppression, carcinogenesis, and lipid and drug metabolism. Consistent with these data, the transcriptional module induced by IAV infection in tumor cells in tumor-bearing mice was also found in human patients with lung adenocarcinoma and correlated with poor overall survival. In conclusion, we found that IAV infection worsened lung tumor progression by reprogramming the TME toward a more aggressive state.
Prediction of Intradialytic Blood Pressure Variation Based on Big Data
Authors: Lin Cheng-Jui , Chen Ying-Ying , Wu Pei-Chen , Pan Chi-Feng , Shih Hong-Mou , Wu Chih-Jen
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Cardiovascular (CV) events are the major cause of morbidity and mortality associated with blood pressure (BP) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. BP varies significantly during HD treatment, and the dramatic variation in BP is a well-recognized risk factor for increased mortality. The development of an intelligent system capable of predicting BP profiles for real-time monitoring is important. Our aim was to build a web-based system to predict changes in systolic BP (SBP) during HD. Methods: In this study, dialysis equipment connected to the Vital Info Portal gateway collected HD parameters that were linked to demographic data stored in the hospital information system. There were 3 types of patients: training, test, and new. A multiple linear regression model was built using the training group with SBP change as the dependent variable and dialysis parameters as the independent variables. We tested the model’s performance on test and new patient groups using coverage rates with different thresholds. The model’s performance was visualized using a web-based interactive system. Results: A total of 542,424 BP records were used for model building. The accuracy was greater than 80% in the prediction error range of 15%, and 20 mm Hg of true SBP in the test and new patient groups for the model of SBP changes suggested the good performance of our prediction model. In the analysis of absolute SBP values (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mm Hg), the accuracy of the SBP prediction increased as the threshold value increased. Discussion: This databae supported our prediction model in reducing the frequency of intradialytic SBP variability, which may help in clinical decision-making when a new patient receives HD treatment. Further investigations are needed to determine whether the introduction of the intelligent SBP prediction system decreases the incidence of CV events in HD patients.
Branching Patterns and Variations of Facial Artery and Clinical Importance: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Barut Cagatay , Ogut Eren , Askin Zeynep , Alicikus Hasan
Published: March 2023

Introduction: The facial artery (FA) was observed with distinctive variations and anomalous, which occur during the embryological developmental process due to the ablation of neural crest cells that impact embryonic aortic arch vessels, resulting in distinctive branching patterns. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the types, clinical importance, localization, and differences of FA in fixed cadavers according to gender and body side. Methods: The current study was conducted on 19 formalin-fixed cadavers (68.4% males, n = 13; 31.6% females, n = 6). The types, variations, prevalence, and distance to nearby surgical landmarks of FA were recorded on both sides. Measurements were taken with a surgical microscope (Zeiss Meditec, Berlin, Germany) and a digital caliper (INCA, DCLA-0605, 0.6–150 mm). Results: Angular type % 73.1 (n = 14, right; n = 19, left), labial type % 5.3 (n = 1, right), alar type % 5.3 (n = 1, right), and nasal type % 5.3 (n = 1, right) were detected. The following parameters were significant according to gender; the distance between the ala of the nose and the origin of the FA on both sides (p = 0.007 right; p = 0.018 left), the diameter of FA at the cheilion (p = 0.019 left), diameters of the superior and inferior labial arteries at their origin (p = 0.031 right; p = 0.025 right) and PO lines. Conclusion: The significant differences in gender according to the distance of the FA and its branches from the origin should be considered to reduce complications during surgery. The differences in studies according to the types and variations of FA may be due to the scale of the study, gender, or study design.
Cardiac Adverse Events Associated with Multiple Myeloma Patients Treated with Proteasome Inhibitors
Authors: Fujiwara Masaki , Uchida Mayako , Endo Mirai , Goto Makoto , Shimizu Tadashi
Published: March 2023

Background: Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) are standard treatments for multiple myeloma (MM). The risk of cardiac adverse events (CAEs) with PIs has been documented with bortezomib and carfilzomib; however, only a few studies have been reported on ixazomib. Furthermore, the effects of concomitant medications including dexamethasone and lenalidomide remain unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the safety signals of adverse events related to CAEs, the effect of concomitant medications, the time to the occurrence of CAEs, and the incidence of fatal clinical outcomes after the occurrence of CAEs for three PIs using the US Pharmacovigilance database. Methods: We examined 1,567,240 cases of 231 drugs registered as anticancer drugs in the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from January 1997 to March 2021. We compared the odds of developing CAEs between patients who received PIs and those who received non-PI anticancer drugs. Results: Bortezomib treatment resulted in significantly higher reporting odds ratios (RORs) for cardiac failure, cardiac failure congestive, and atrial fibrillation. Carfilzomib treatment resulted in significantly higher RORs for cardiac failure, congestive cardiac failure, atrial fibrillation, and QT prolonged. However, no adverse event CAE signals were observed with ixazomib treatment. A signal was detected for the safety of cardiac failure with bortezomib or carfilzomib, regardless of the presence or absence of concomitant medications. Safety signals for cardiac failure congestive with bortezomib and for cardiac failure congestive, atrial fibrillation, and QT prolonged with carfilzomib were observed only with dexamethasone combination therapy. Co-administration of lenalidomide and its derivatives did not affect the safety of bortezomib and carfilzomib. Conclusion: We identified CAE safety signals for bortezomib and carfilzomib exposure when compared with 231 other anticancer agents. The safety signal for developing cardiac failure for both the drugs did not differ between patients with and without concomitantly administered medications.
Acute Late-Onset Cirrhosis in Zellweger Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Hsu Mark , Subhash Amith
Published: March 2023

Zellweger spectrum disorders (ZSDs) are known to present with variable hepatic manifestations ranging from benign hepatosplenomegaly and elevated liver enzymes to advanced liver cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the progression of liver disease in ZSD patients over time is poorly characterized due to scarcity of the disease. Herein, we report a case of newly diagnosed liver cirrhosis in a ZSD patient with rapid progression and fatal outcome to demonstrate key clinical learning points.
Red Blood Cell Omics and Machine Learning in Transfusion Medicine: Singularity Is Near
Authors: D’Alessandro Angelo
Published: March 2023

Background: Blood transfusion is a life-saving intervention for millions of recipients worldwide. Over the last 15 years, the advent of high-throughput, affordable omics technologies – including genomics, proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics – has allowed transfusion medicine to revisit the biology of blood donors, stored blood products, and transfusion recipients. Summary: Omics approaches have shed light on the genetic and non-genetic factors (environmental or other exposures) impacting the quality of stored blood products and efficacy of transfusion events, based on the current Food and Drug Administration guidelines (e.g., hemolysis and post-transfusion recovery for stored red blood cells). As a treasure trove of data accumulates, the implementation of machine learning approaches promises to revolutionize the field of transfusion medicine, not only by advancing basic science. Indeed, computational strategies have already been used to perform high-content screenings of red blood cell morphology in microfluidic devices, generate in silico models of erythrocyte membrane to predict deformability and bending rigidity, or design systems biology maps of the red blood cell metabolome to drive the development of novel storage additives. Key Message: In the near future, high-throughput testing of donor genomes via precision transfusion medicine arrays and metabolomics of all donated products will be able to inform the development and implementation of machine learning strategies that match, from vein to vein, donors, optimal processing strategies (additives, shelf life), and recipients, realizing the promise of personalized transfusion medicine.
The Impact of Socio-Environmental, Individual, and Biological Factors on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Preschool Children: A Cohort Study with 3-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Fernandes Izabella Barbosa , Ramos Jorge Joana , Mourão Priscila Seixas , Rodrigues Angélica Beatriz , Coelho Valéria Silveira , Vettore Mario Vianna , Ramos-Jorge Maria Letícia
Published: March 2023

This study assessed impact of socio-environmental, individual, and biological factors on the worsening and severe worsening of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among preschoolers and their families. A cohort study was conducted in Diamantina, Brazil, with 151 children between 1 and 3 years of age and their mothers, who were evaluated at baseline (2014) and re-evaluated after 3 years (2017). The children were clinically examined to assess the presence of dental caries, malocclusion, dental trauma, and enamel defects. The mothers answered the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS) and a questionnaire addressing individual characteristics of the child and socio-environmental factors. Extensive caries found in the follow-up (relative risk [RR] = 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26–2.91) and failure to undergo the dental treatment recommended at baseline (RR = 2.49; 95% CI = 1.62–3.81) were associated with worsening of OHRQoL over 3 years. An increase in the number of children in the household (RR = 2.95; 95% CI = 1.06–8.25), occurrence of extensive caries in the follow-up (RR = 2.06; 95% CI = 1.05–4.07), and failure to undergo the dental treatment recommended at baseline (RR = 3.68; 95% CI = 1.96–6.89) were associated with a severe worsening of OHRQoL. In conclusion, the risk of worsening and severe worsening of OHRQoL was higher in preschoolers with extensive caries at follow-up and among those who did not undergo dental treatment. Furthermore, severe worsening of OHRQoL was also impacted by an increase in the number of children in the household.
Sepsis biomarkers: a review of the diagnostic value of presepsin
Authors: Ferreira Thalissa , Candido Marcelo Arruda , Soriano Francisco Garcia
Published: March 2023

Sepsis is a prevalent syndrome with high morbimortality, so an efficient early diagnostic method is needed. Recent studies suggest that presepsin could be a potential biomarker to sepsis diagnosis and has a better performance than other more consolidated biomarkers, such as procalcitonin and CRP. This systematic review aims to develop assess the accuracy to sepsis diagnosis of the presepsin and compare with procalcitonin and C-reactive protein. A comprehensive systematic research was conducted in the PubMed and Virtual Health Library to collect studies published in the last two years that focused on presepsin diagnostic accuracy for sepsis. Eight studies were selected. All of them suggested that presepsin has some diagnostic value for sepsis. In four studies presepsin had a better performance than procalcitonin and in two studies presepsin performed better than CRP. Two studies did not show significant differences between presepsin and the other biomarkers. This review indicates that presepsin may have significant value for the early diagnosis of sepsis, corroborating to increase the efficiency of existing tools, such as CRP and procalcitonin. However, more studies are needed to confirm its efficiency as a single diagnosis’s marker.
Relação do hormônio irisina liberado durante o exercício físico e a doença de Alzheimer: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Gonçalves Gabriela Carlin , Venturelli Laís Helena , Sarmento Lara Magioli Cadan , Bertozzi Layla , Joaquim Liliane Risseto , Abrantes Sandro Othavio de Carvalho , Capobianco João Gabriel Pacetti
Published: March 2023

Com o aumento no número de idosos, observa-se também um aumento no aparecimento de algumas doenças, como a Doença de Alzheimer, caracterizada pela deterioração dos neurônios, com consequentes perdas significativas nas funções cerebrais. Durante o exercício físico, ocorre a liberação de mioquinas, dentre elas a irisina, produzida e ativada pelos músculos esqueléticos, promovendo efeitos benéficos na função cognitiva e na plasticidade geral do cérebro. Sendo assim, os exercícios físicos são um dos fatores conhecidos por retardar a neurodegeneração, desempenhando papel importante na vida dos idosos. Assim, este trabalho constitui uma revisão sistemática que busca apontar os benefícios trazidos pela prática de exercícios físicos na prevenção da patologia em questão.
Pessoas vivendo com HIV/Aids no Sudoeste Goiano: caracterização sociodemográfica, clínica e laboratorial no ano de 2018
Authors: Caixeta Ana Karla dos Santos , Souza Lillian Socorro Menezes de , Fernandes Eduardo Vignoto , Dias Regyane Ferreira Guimarães , Menezes Filho Hélio Ranes de , Gouvêa-e-Silva Luiz Fernando
Published: March 2023

Introdução: É significativo o número de pessoas vivendo com HIV (PVHIV) no Brasil, não se restringindo aos grandes centros, o que torna necessário entender as características clinicoepidemiológicas de cada região para que políticas públicas sejam estabelecidas de forma realística, prática e aplicável às suas peculiaridades. Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico, clínico e laboratorial das PVHIV que tiveram seu primeiro atendimento em um ambulatório do município de Jataí, Goiás, no ano de 2018. Método: Coletaram-se dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e laboratoriais de uma amostra de 80 prontuários de PVHIV atendidas em um ambulatório de Jataí, Goiás, no ano de 2018. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: Houve predomínio de homens (71,3%), idade de 16-35 anos (61,3%), solteiros (68,8%), heterossexuais (43,8%), com vínculo empregatício (70,0%) e o meio de exposição ao HIV foi pela relação sexual (97,5%). A herpes zoster se destacou como infecção oportunista (27,8%), a sífilis (76,9%) como outras infecções e o transtorno de ansiedade (30,0%) como comorbidade. Os homens, em relação às mulheres, associaram-se positivamente com o diagnóstico de outras infecções (p=0,0250) e com valores alterados para aspartato aminotransferase (p=0,0410). Já as PVHIV com atendimento por diagnóstico, em relação as por transferência/abandono, apresentaram associação positiva com a presença de carga viral detectável (p=0,0001) e circunferência abdominal adequada (p=0,0304). Conclusão: Em 2018, o atendimento para o recém diagnóstico predominou, bem como de adultos, homens, solteiros, heterossexuais e com vínculo empregatício. A herpes zoster e a sífilis foram as infecções mais presentes, o tipo de exposição ao HIV foi a relação sexual e os homens apresentaram alteração para a aspartato aminotransferase e maior presença de outras infecções. A carga viral detectável e a circunferência abdominal adequada estiveram mais presentes nos recém diagnosticados..
Reação à infusão de vancomicina: relato de caso
Authors: Damasceno Maria Paula dos Reis , Júlio Iasmim Garcia , Rainer Júlia Buzzato , Costa Auriston Ferraz da
Published: March 2023

Introdução: A reação à infusão de vancomicina, anteriormente denominada de síndrome do homem vermelho, é um efeito adverso geralmente observado com o uso da vancomicina em infusão intravenosa rápida, e que se manifesta, na maior parte dos casos, minutos após a administração da primeira dose do esquema terapêutico. Entretanto, existem situações raras, em que essa reação também se manifesta na infusão intravenosa lenta. Em geral, essa reação regride cerca de 20 minutos após a suspensão da vancomicina e da instituição do tratamento, contudo, mais raramente, ela pode perdurar por horas a dias. Objetivos: Este estudo tem como objetivo informar, discutir e analisar a relevância do monitoramento contínuo e a individualização da dosagem desse antibiótico, buscando prevenir a ocorrência de efeitos adversos. Método: Relato de caso observado em uma paciente que desenvolveu reação à infusão de vancomicina dois dias após o término do esquema terapêutico. Resultados: A paciente relatada apresentou a regressão parcial do efeito adverso, após nove dias do desenvolvimento do quadro e da instituição das medidas terapêuticas. Conclusão: Além do ajuste da posologia desse fármaco de acordo com a função renal, é de suma importância estar atento à possibilidade de ocorrência dessa reação adversa em cenários não usuais na prática médica.
Prevalência de uso de suplementos nutricionais e outras substâncias por estudantes de medicina em Salvador, Bahia, 2020
Authors: Brito Victoria Maria Arruda de , Dias Juarez Pereira
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência do uso de suplementos nutricionais e outras substâncias por estudantes de medicina de uma instituição privada em Salvador-Bahia em 2020. Métodos: Estudo de prevalência, com amostra probabilística, com dados obtidos através da aplicação de questionários on-line sobre informações demográficas, sociais e econômica e uso de suplementos nutricionais e outras substâncias. Foram estimados a prevalência, a razão de prevalência e o Intervalo de Confiança a 95%. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 337 alunos, a maioria com idade entre 21 e 23 anos, sexo feminino, renda familiar entre R$5.000,00 e R$10.000,00, cursando o ciclo básico e praticantes de atividades físicas regulares, sendo as mais frequentes: musculação, corrida e caminhada. Aminoácidos e concentrados proteicos, vitaminas, complexos vitamínicos e outros produtos naturais e energéticos foram os mais utilizados. A maior prevalência foi nos homens, exceto para vitaminas, complexos vitamínicos e outros produtos naturais. Conclusão: Ressalta-se a importância da atenção à saúde física e mental dos universitários, visto que sofrem influência social e midiática relacionada ao culto ao corpo, que pode potencializar o risco do uso excessivo e desnecessário de suplementos nutricionais e outras substâncias.
Do pé à letra: A caminhada em Suite Vénitienne, de Sophie Calle, sob a perspectiva intermidiática
Authors: Gontijo Larissa Fontenelle , Arbex Márcia
Published: March 2023

O presente artigo pretende analisar a obra Suite Vénitienne (1983), da artista e escritora Sophie Calle, a partir de uma abordagem intermidiática do caminhar enquanto processo poético e estético. Para tanto, levará em consideração as discussões teóricas presentes principalmente em Baudelaire (1983); Careri (2013); Coverley (2015) e Clüver (2011). Nesse sentido, almeja investigar como tal obra se inscreve, de um lado, em uma tradição tanto literária quanto artística, já consolidada pela crítica, da caminhada e, de outro, escapa de tais tradições e aloca-se em um entrelugar justamente pelo seu caráter intermidiático.
Da crítica à crônica n'O Publicador paulistano (1857-1860)
Authors: Santos Natália Gonçalves de Souza
Published: March 2023

Este artigo discute as nuances dos textos dedicados ao comentário sobre literatura n’O publicador paulistano. Tendo um estudante de Direito, chamado Balthazar da Silva Carneiro, como seu editor, o periódico cria uma interseção entre a imprensa estudantil e a grande imprensa. Nesse espaço, perfaz experimentações genéricas e estilísticas, mantendo-se afastado do compromisso nacionalista, presente em grande parte dos periódicos em circulação na São Paulo romântica.
O objetivo da crítica segundo o autor de Dos escritos daquele que ainda vive
Authors: Alves Felipe
Published: March 2023

No presente artigo, analisamos alguns conceitos relacionados à crítica literária tal como entendida pelo jovem Kierkegaard, o objetivo é tentar reconstruir seu conceito de crítica. Assim, mostraremos que esta tem por objetivo identificar se o autor de um determinado romance deixou vestígios de sua pessoa real, danificando a verdade poética da obra. Desse modo, será ressaltado que apenas a morte do autor é garantia da visão de vida e do desenvolvimento da vida, conceitos fundamentais ao desenvolvimento do romance ou novela, pois são eles que salvaguardam a transubstanciação da experiência individual.
O que é a literatura? Ceci n'est pas une question
Authors: Uechi Fabrizio
Published: March 2023

Neste ensaio, a pergunta fundamental dos estudos de literatura é posta em questão. O objetivo é tentar explorar as funcionalidades da literatura quando são evocados os “tempos autoritários”. Afinal, dizem que é sobretudo nestes momentos que se desponta na literatura o seu papel humanista de combate à “barbárie”. Mas o que de fato isso quer dizer numa sociedade que se caracteriza mesmo por atualizar ou produzir novas formas de subalternizar quem é excluído da norma, da identidade?
El doble techo de cristal: llegaron, pero tienen que demostrar que la comunicación es estratégica
Authors: Pepe Ana Inés Arias , Arzuaga Mónica Williams , Gómez Matías Balarini
Published: March 2023

Aunque el campo de la comunicación organizacional en Uruguay está constituido por mujeres en abrumadora mayoría, la mitad de las unidades de comunicación están lideradas por hombres. Las profesionales encuestadas en el Latin American Communication Monitor del 2020 indicaron que el techo de cristal les afecta directamente. Entrevistamos a profesionales de ambos sexos para conocer su percepción y encontramos que la legitimidad del rol, la homofilia y la cultura social y organizacional son las principales causas de este problema.
De como o feminismo modificou a sociedade e a ciência: avanços e impasses
Authors: Blay Eva Alterman
Published: March 2023

Neste artigo, recupera-se a histórica resistência à incorporação dos conceitos de mulher e gênero pela Sociologia e nas Ciências. Analisa-se a introdução de um novo paradigma com a entrada da mulher e do gênero, seja como pesquisadora, seja no desenho da pesquisa, e alerta-se para a resistência do conservadorismo aos novos conhecimentos e à liberdade científica e política.
Mulheres e Homens na USP e na Escola de Comunicação e Artes, entre 2000 e 2019
Authors: Amaral Rodrigo Correia do , Lima Rennan Valeriano Silva , Cordeiro Maria Eduarda Martins Mendes
Published: March 2023

Este artigo apresenta um recorte direcionado à Escola de Comunicações e Artes do projeto Mulheres e Homens da USP, que traçou um panorama inédito da população uspiana entre 2000 e 2019 sob a perspectiva de gênero. A partir dos dados disponíveis nos Anuários Estatísticos da Universidade de São Paulo (USP) de 2001 a 2020 e da análise descritiva das proporções de mulheres e homens na instituição, este levantamento permite ver uma relativa igualdade de gênero entre os estudantes, mas uma desigualdade persistente na carreira docente.
β3AR-Dependent Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Generation Limits Chronic Postischemic Heart Failure
Authors: Cannavo Alessandro , Jun Seungho , Rengo Giuseppe , Marzano Federica , Agrimi Jacopo , Liccardo Daniela , Elia Andrea , Keceli Gizem , Altobelli Giovanna G. , Marcucci Lorenzo , Megighian Aram , Gao Erhe , Feng Ning , Kammers Kai , Ferrara Nicola , Finos Livio , Koch Walter J. , Paolocci Nazareno
Published: March 2023

Background:

Loss of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/TrkB (tropomyosin kinase receptor B) signaling accounts for brain and cardiac disorders. In neurons, β-adrenergic receptor stimulation enhances local BDNF expression. It is unclear if this occurs in a pathophysiological relevant manner in the heart, especially in the β-adrenergic receptor-desensitized postischemic myocardium. Nor is it fully understood whether and how TrkB agonists counter chronic postischemic left ventricle (LV) decompensation, a significant unmet clinical milestone.

Methods:

We conducted in vitro studies using neonatal rat and adult murine cardiomyocytes, SH-SY5Y neuronal cells, and umbilical vein endothelial cells. We assessed myocardial ischemia (MI) impact in wild type, β3AR knockout, or myocyte-selective BDNF knockout (myoBDNF KO) mice in vivo (via coronary ligation [MI]) or in isolated hearts with global ischemia-reperfusion (I/R).

Results:

In wild type hearts, BDNF levels rose early after MI (<24 hours), plummeting at 4 weeks when LV dysfunction, adrenergic denervation, and impaired angiogenesis ensued. The TrkB agonist, LM22A-4, countered all these adverse effects. Compared with wild type, isolated myoBDNF KO hearts displayed worse infarct size/LV dysfunction after I/R injury and modest benefits from LM22A-4. In vitro, LM22A-4 promoted neurite outgrowth and neovascularization, boosting myocyte function, effects reproduced by 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, a chemically unrelated TrkB agonist. Superfusing myocytes with the β3AR-agonist, BRL-37344, increased myocyte BDNF content, while β3AR signaling underscored BDNF generation/protection in post-MI hearts. Accordingly, the β1AR blocker, metoprolol, via upregulated β3ARs, improved chronic post-MI LV dysfunction, enriching the myocardium with BDNF. Last, BRL-37344-imparted benefits were nearly abolished in isolated I/R injured myoBDNF KO hearts.

Conclusions:

BDNF loss underscores chronic postischemic heart failure. TrkB agonists can improve ischemic LV dysfunction via replenished myocardial BDNF content. Direct cardiac β3AR stimulation, or β-blockers (via upregulated β3AR), is another BDNF-based means to fend off chronic postischemic heart failure.
Targeting Endothelial ENO1 (Alpha-Enolase) -PI3K-Akt-mTOR Axis Alleviates Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Shi Yuqing , Liu Jie , Zhang Ruoyang , Zhang Muzhi , Cui Han , Wang Lei , Cui Ye , Wang Wei , Sun Ying , Wang Chen
Published: March 2023

Background:

It has been shown that glycolytic protein ENO1 (alpha-enolase) contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension through acting smooth muscle cells; however, the roles of ENO1-caused endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunctions in Group 3 pulmonary hypertension remain unexplored.

Methods:

PCR array and RNA sequencing were used to screen and decipher the differential gene expression by hypoxia-treated human pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Techniques of small-interfering RNA, specific inhibitor and plasmids carrying gene of ENO1, interventions with specific inhibitor and AAV-ENO1 delivery were employed to explore the role of ENO1 in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Assays for cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and adhesion were employed to analyze cell behaviors, while seahorse analysis was used to measure mitochondrial function of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells.

Results:

PCR array data showed that ENO1 expression increased in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells exposed to hypoxia, as well as in lung tissues from patients with chronic obstructive lung disease-associated pulmonary hypertension and murine model of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Inhibition of ENO1 restored the hypoxia-induced endothelial dysfunction, including excessive proliferation, angiogenesis, and adhesion, while overexpression of ENO1 promotes these disorders of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells. RNA-seq showed that ENO1 targets mitochondrion-related genes and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, which were validated in vitro and in vivo. Mice treated with ENO1 inhibitor exhibited ameliorated pulmonary hypertension and improved right ventricular failure induced by hypoxia. A reversal effect was observed in mice exposed to hypoxia and inhaled adeno-associated virus overexpressing ENO1.

Conclusions:

These results indicate that hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is associated with an increased level of ENO1 and that targeting ENO1 might reduce experimental hypoxic pulmonary hypertension by improving endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction via PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway.
Bridging Uncompromising Borders: Ethnicity, Party Politics and Democracy in Africa
Authors: Fanso Verkijika G.
Published: March 2023

Since the 1960s when the majority of African countries acceded to independence, the continent is still without its own political formula that can reconcile and accommodate the claims of ethnic identity on the one hand, and party politics, democracy and patriotism on the other. This is because the majority of the continent is made up of a conglomeration of ethnic groups and cultural traditions that lay primary claim to the loyalty, sense of belonging and identity of their peoples. Africa needs a political model rooted in traditional reality that can check and curb rivalries among communities based on ethnic and party lines. The old traditions of governance can provide such a political formula for democratically choosing leaders and organizing governance that overrides the influence of ethnicity and political parties; a formula based on societal interests and concerns and promoted by non-governmental organizations, trade unions and professional associations.
Typification of Beilschmiedia lucidula (Lauraceae)
Authors: CHAKRABARTY TAPAS , BANDYOPADHYAY SUBIR
Published: March 2023

N/A
Two new species of the diatom genus Meridion (Bacillariophyta, Tabellariaceae) from Aleutian Islands
Authors: NEPLYUKHINA ALISA , CHUDAEV DMITRY
Published: March 2023

Two new species of Meridion (Bacillariophyta, Tabellariaceae) are described from Unalaska Island (Aleutian Islands, USA) based on light and scanning electron microscope investigations. Meridion tenuipes sp. nov. is characterized by very slender valves with capitate headpole, lack of costae at the footpole and rimoportula positioned close to valve apex. Meridion humerosum sp. nov. possesses more robust valves with capitate poles, separated by distinct shoulders, costae distributed through the whole valve length and rimoportula displaced some distance from the apex. Comparison of these new species with other heteropolar representatives of the genus is provided. Our data indicate that the degree of Meridion endemism in North America is even higher than it was previously supposed.
Gastrochilus yehii sp. nov. (Orchidaceae) from Taiwan
Authors: LEE CHI TE , WU JIN HUA , WANG YU QI , HSIEH SZU I
Published: March 2023

Gastrochilus yehii S. I. Hsieh, C. T. Lee & J. H. Wu, a new species of Orchidaceae discovered in Taiwan, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically close to G. ciliaris F. Maek., G. deltoglossus T.C. Hsu, S.I. Hsieh, J.H. Wu & H.C. Hung, and G. raraensis Fukuy. The distinguishing characters of G. yehii are semiorbicular epichile, which is whitish with purple dots and adaxial with densely long-hairy ciliate margin, and subconical hypochile, which is purple with reddish speckles.
Parental engagement in child sexual abuse prevention education in Hong Kong
Authors: Xu Wen , Cheung Monit
Published: March 2023

Objective:

This study examined three dimensions of parental engagement in Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) prevention education (knowledge, attitudes and practices) to determine whether increased knowledge and attitudes favouring CSA education led to increases in parental behaviours while controlling for multiple factors.

Design:

A random, digitally selected sample of 508 Hong Kong parents with at least one child in primary school answered a 47-question telephone survey designed by social workers and educators at a local community agency.

Method:

Parental knowledge and attitudes were measured by scales, scored from 5 to 25 each. Three variables measured parental practices: sex-related topics discussed with the referenced child, CSA-prevention learning methods and a weighted score of CSA-prevention discussions. Univariate tests and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) were used to analyse the data.

Results:

A two-way MANCOVA indicated that attitudes were significantly associated with all the parental practices measured, while knowledge was correlated only with the covered sex-related topics. Parental gender and child gender revealed statistically significant differences in the results.

Conclusion:

To encourage parental engagement in CSA prevention, educators can empower parents to take on the roles of supporters, planners, implementers and collaborators to deliver sexual health education. Praxis-oriented topics such as ‘how to talk to children’ in a standardised CSA curriculum may improve parental participation and increase their motivation to become peer trainers.
Research on the composite fault diagnosis of gearbox based on local mean decomposition and Hilbert demodulation
Authors: Wang Jingyue , Chen Tuojiang , Li Jiangang , Wang Haotian , Wang Junnian
Published: March 2023

For the sake of deriving the signature frequencies of the composite malfunctions of broken and worn teeth of gearbox, the essay raised a method on account of local mean decomposition and Hilbert demodulation to diagnose gearbox composite fault. The local mean decomposition translates a complicated multi-component AM-FM signal into several PF elements with certain physical significance. Every PF component can be approximately regarded as a simplex component AM-FM signal. Using correlation coefficient method, the Hilbert envelope demodulation spectrum is analyzed by selecting the PF component which is strongly relevant to the incipient composite malfunction signal, and the malfunction signature frequency is identified from the demodulation spectrum. Through analyzing the emulation signal and the vibration signal of the actual gear box broken-wear complex fault, and compared with EMD, it is shown that the means can effectually discern the malfunction characteristic frequency in the composite fault signal.
A Salivary Gland Resident Macrophage Subset Regulating Radiation Responses
Authors: Zhao Q. , Pan S. , Zhang L. , Zhang Y. , Shahsavari A. , Lotey P. , Baetge C.L. , Deveau M.A. , Gregory C.A. , Kapler G.M. , Liu F.
Published: March 2023

Radiotherapy of head and neck cancers frequently leads to irreversible hypofunction of salivary glands, which severely compromises the quality of life and is extremely difficult to treat. We found recently that salivary gland resident macrophages are sensitive to radiation and interact with epithelial progenitors and endothelial cells through homeostatic paracrine factors. Heterogeneous subpopulations of resident macrophages are present in other organs with distinct functions, whereas subpopulations of salivary gland resident macrophages with distinct functions or transcriptional profiles have not been reported yet. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we found that mouse submandibular glands (SMGs) contain 2 distinct self-renewing resident macrophage subsets, an MHC-IIhi subset present in many other organs and an uncommon Csf2r+ subset. The main source of Csf2 in SMGs are innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that rely on IL15 for maintenance, while the main source of IL15 protein is Csf2r+ resident macrophages, indicating a homeostatic paracrine interaction between these cells. Csf2r+ resident macrophages are the major source of hepatocyte growth factor (Hgf) that regulates homeostasis of SMG epithelial progenitors. Meanwhile, Csf2r+ resident macrophages are responsive to Hedgehog signaling that can rescue salivary function impaired by radiation. Consistently, irradiation persistently decreased numbers of ILCs and levels of IL15 and Csf2 in SMGs, which were all recovered by transient activation of Hedgehog signaling after radiation. Csf2r+ resident macrophages and MHC-IIhi resident macrophages share transcriptome profiles of perivascular macrophages and macrophages associated with nerves and/or epithelial cells in other organs, respectively, and such niche preferences were supported by lineage tracing and immunofluorescent staining. These findings reveal an uncommon resident macrophage subset that regulates the homeostasis of the salivary gland and is promising as the target to restore salivary gland function impaired by radiation.
The Role of Gingival Fibroblasts in the Pathogenesis of Periodontitis
Authors: Wielento A. , Lagosz-Cwik K.B. , Potempa J. , Grabiec A.M.
Published: March 2023

Gingival fibroblasts (GFs) are essential components of the periodontium, which are responsible for the maintenance of tissue structure and integrity. However, the physiological role of GFs is not restricted to the production and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. GFs also act as sentinel cells that modulate the immune response to oral pathogens invading the gingival tissue. As an important “nonclassical” component of the innate immune system, GFs respond to bacteria and damage-related signals by producing cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators. Although the activation of GFs supports the elimination of invading bacteria and the resolution of inflammation, their uncontrolled or excessive activation may promote inflammation and bone destruction. This occurs in periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontium initiated and sustained by dysbiosis. In the inflamed gingival tissue, GFs acquire imprinted proinflammatory phenotypes that promote the growth of inflammophilic pathogens, stimulate osteoclastogenesis, and contribute to the chronicity of inflammation. In this review, we discuss the biological functions of GFs in healthy and inflamed gingival tissue, highlighting recent studies that provide insight into their role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. We also draw parallels with the recently discovered fibroblast populations identified in other tissues and their roles in health and disease. This knowledge should be used in future studies to discover more about the role of GFs in periodontal diseases, especially chronic periodontitis, and to identify therapeutic strategies targeting their pathological interactions with oral pathogens and the immune system.
How a Principal Investigator Supervises a Student Research Group: An Autoethnographic Longitudinal Examination
Authors: Burt Brian A. , Stone Blayne D. , Hemmings Yasja , Kleba Jon , Glasco-Boyd Dariana , Washington Brandon
Published: March 2023

Background:

Research groups are social locations where teaching and learning merge among students and a principal investigator (PI). When joining, some students are able to contribute to groundbreaking research that addresses complex problems, under the direction of their PI. However, there are accounts of students having a wide range of negative experiences, often at the hands of the PI. Despite the important roles that PIs play in the supervision of students, there is no standardized or required training for researchers holding these roles. As a result, some may replicate the practices they experienced—both positive and problematic. More knowledge is needed regarding group supervision for those in PI roles.

Purpose:

This autoethnographic longitudinal study explores students’ experiences with and perceptions of PI supervision. The findings from this study offer insights into the design of group practices for current PIs and emerging researchers interested in serving as group PIs.

Research Design:

To better understand the culture of our own research group, and thus students’ experiences with and perceptions of the PI’s role in supervision, this study included 23 student group members in 12 focus group interviews over four years. Basic qualitative analysis techniques were used to document, identify, and examine our group’s nuanced cultural practices and norms.

Findings:

Findings reveal balanced perspectives on four PI practices: (1) communicating clearly and validating group members works best in person; (2) providing transparency and reducing uncertainty is desired; (3) inclusive group composition is created through intentional recruitment practices; and (4) group size and member transitions need to be managed to maintain stability. Taken together, student group members believed these PI practices to be both beneficial and challenging to the group’s learning, cohesion, and productivity. The findings also show that group members’ desires and expectations may at times be in conflict.

Conclusions:

Being a PI offers a unique opportunity to develop new approaches that benefit a group’s research and the learning of all of its members. Learning from students’ experiences with and perceptions of their PI in this study, we hope that current and future group PIs will consider how they compose practices for their groups and support student members through research. Creating new approaches to group supervision may create healthier models for current and future researchers to implement in their own research practices.
Proficiency at the lexis–grammar interface: Comparing oral versus written French exam tasks
Authors: Vandeweerd Nathan , Housen Alex , Paquot Magali
Published: March 2023

This study investigates whether re-thinking the separation of lexis and grammar in language testing could lead to more valid inferences about proficiency across modes. As argued by Römer, typical scoring rubrics ignore important information about proficiency encoded at the lexis–grammar interface, in particular how the co-selection of lexical and grammatical features is mediated by communicative function. This is especially evident when assessing oral versus written exam tasks, where the modality of a task may intersect with register-induced variation in linguistic output. This article presents the results of an empirical study in which we measured the diversity and sophistication of four-word lexical bundles extracted from a corpus of French proficiency exams. Analysis revealed that the diversity of noun-based bundles was a significant predictor of written proficiency scores and the sophistication of verb-based bundles was a significant predictor of proficiency scores across both modes, suggesting that communicative function as well as the constraints of online planning mediated the effect of lexicogrammatical phenomena on proficiency scores. Importantly, lexicogrammatical measures were better predictors of proficiency than solely lexical-based measures, which speaks to the potential utility of considering lexicogrammatical competence on scoring rubrics.