bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occupational Health Risk Assessment in the Electronics Industry in China Based on the Occupational Classification Method and EPA Model
Authors: Cai Ying , Li Fei , Zhang Jingdong , Wu Zixian
Published: September 2018

The awareness of occupational health risk management in the electronics industry is weak in China, and many Chinese occupational health management regulations have not been effectively implemented. China’s current occupational hazards classification method and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inhalation risk assessment model recognized internationally were used to perform health risk assessments for a chip manufacturing company in the electronics industry in order to determine the existing problems and put forward the optimization proposals of the occupational hazards classification method in China. The results showed that the detected concentrations of toxic and harmful chemicals in all testing points did not exceed the occupational health exposure limits in China. According to the EPA inhalation risk assessment model, the highest values of non-carcinogenic risks of ammonia, chlorine, fluoride, sulfuric acid, hydrogen chloride, ethylene glycol, phosphine, boron trifluoride, isopropanol, benzene, and xylene were 5.10, 67.12, 1.71, 45.98, 1.83, 1.43, 160.35, 46.56, 2.52, 5.55, and 5.37, respectively, which means workers in electronic chip manufacturing companies exposed to these chemicals have higher occupational health risks. However, on the basis of the occupational hazards classification method, the occupational health risks of exposure to the toxic and hazardous chemicals are relatively harmless operations. The evaluation results of the EPA inhalation risk assessment model are generally higher than those of the occupational hazards classification method. It’s recommended to refine the value of occupational exposure limit B, taking more characteristics of the hazard factors into account and fuzzifying the parameters to optimize the occupational hazards classification method. At the same time, it is suggested that the electronic chip manufacturing company should conduct anti-virus risk management covering in three aspects: increasing the awareness of occupational hazards, enhancing system ventilation, and improving personal health management measures.
Solar Radiation Exposure and Outdoor Work: An Underestimated Occupational Risk
Authors: Modenese Alberto , Korpinen Leena , Gobba Fabriziomaria
Published: September 2018

A considerably high number of outdoor workers worldwide are constantly exposed for the majority of their working life to solar radiation (SR); this exposure is known to induce various adverse health effects, mainly related to its ultraviolet (UV) component. The skin and the eye are the principal target organs for both acute and long-term exposure. Actinic keratosis, non-melanoma skin cancers, and malignant melanoma are the main long-term adverse skin effects, whereas in the eye pterygium, cataracts, and according to an increasing body of evidence, macular degeneration may be induced. Despite this, SR exposure risk is currently undervalued, if not neglected, as an occupational risk factor for outdoor workers. SR exposure is influenced by various environmental and individual factors, and occupation is one of the most relevant. For a better understanding of this risk and for the development of more effective prevention strategies, one of the main problems is the lack of available and adequate methods to estimate SR worker exposure, especially long-term exposure. The main aims of this review were to provide a comprehensive overview of SR exposure risk of outdoor workers, including the UV exposure levels and the main methods recently proposed for short-term and cumulative exposure, and to provide an update of knowledge on the main adverse eye and skin effects. Finally, we also outline here preventive interventions to reduce occupational risk.
Vitamin D Supplementation and Nordic Walking Training Decreases Serum Homocysteine and Ferritin in Elderly Women
Authors: Walentukiewicz Anna , Lysak-Radomska Anna , Jaworska Joanna , Prusik Krzysztof , Prusik Katarzyna , Kortas Jakub , Lipiński Marcin , Babinska Anna , Antosiewicz Jedrzej , Ziemann Ewa
Published: September 2018

The aim of the study was to verify if coupling 12 weeks of vitamin D supplementation and Nordic walking training favoured lowering the homocysteine (Hcy) level. Ninety-four elderly women were divided into three groups: Nordic walking (NW), supplemented (SG) and control (CG). The NW and SG groups received a weekly dose of 28,000 IU of vitamin D3. A blood analysis was performed at baseline, 1h after the first training session and at the end of the experiment. The amino acid profile (methionine and cysteine) and homocysteine concentration were determined. Additionally, the concentration of myokine was assessed. The first session of NW training reduced serum homocysteine, particularly among women with baseline homocysteine above 10 µmol·L−1: 12.37 ± 2.75 vs. 10.95 ± 3.94 µmol·L−1 (p = 0.05). These changes were accompanied by shifts in the cysteine (p = 0.09) and methionine (p = 0.01) concentration, regardless of the Hcy concentration. Twelve weeks of training significantly decreased the homocysteine (9.91 ± 2.78, vs. 8.90 ± 3.14 µmol·L−1, p = 0.05) and ferritin (94.23 ± 62.49 vs. 73.15 ± 47.04 ng·mL−1, p = 0.05) concentrations in whole NW group. Also, in the NW group, ferritin correlated with the glucose level (r = 0.51, p = 0.00). No changes in the myokine levels were observed after the intervention. Only the brain-derived neurotrophic factor dropped in the NW (42.74 ± 19.92 vs. 31.93 ± 15.91 ng·mL−1, p = 0.01) and SG (37.75 ± 8.08 vs. 16.94 ± 12.78 ng·mL−1, p = 0.00) groups. This study presents a parallel decrease of homocysteine and ferritin in response to regular training supported by vitamin D supplementation.
Interventions to Improve Vaccination Uptake and Cost Effectiveness of Vaccination Strategies in Newly Arrived Migrants in the EU/EEA: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hui Charles , Dunn Jessica , Morton Rachael , Staub Lukas , Tran Anh , Hargreaves Sally , Greenaway Christina , Biggs Beverly , Christensen Robin , Pottie Kevin
Published: September 2018

Newly arrived migrants to the EU/EEA (arrival within the past five years), as well as other migrant groups in the region, might be under-immunised and lack documentation of previous vaccinations, putting them at increased risk of vaccine-preventable diseases circulating in Europe. We therefore performed a systematic review conforming to PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42016045798) to explore: (i) interventions that improve vaccine uptake among migrants; and (ii) cost-effectiveness of vaccination strategies among this population. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) between 1 January 2006 to 18 June 2018. We included three primary intervention studies performed in the EU/EEA or high-income countries and one cost effectiveness study relevant to vaccinations in migrants. Intervention studies showed small but promising impact only on vaccine uptake with social mobilization/community outreach, planned vaccination programs and education campaigns. Targeting migrants for catch-up vaccination is cost effective for presumptive vaccination for diphtheria, tetanus, and polio, and there was no evidence of benefit of carrying out pre-vaccination serological testing. The cost-effectiveness is sensitive to the seroprevalence and adherence to vaccinations of the migrant. We conclude that scarce but direct EU/EEA data suggest social mobilization, vaccine programs, and education campaigns are promising strategies for migrants, but more research is needed. Research should also study cost effectiveness of strategies. Vaccination of migrants should continue to be a public heath priority in EU/EEA.
Data-Driven Approach to Improving the Risk Assessment Process of Medical Failures
Authors: Yu Shih-Heng , Su Emily , Chen Yi-Tui
Published: September 2018

In recent decades, many researchers have focused on the issue of medical failures in the healthcare industry. A variety of techniques have been employed to assess the risk of medical failure and to generate strategies to reduce the frequency of medical failures. Considering the limitations of the traditional method—failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)—for risk assessment and quality improvement, this paper presents two models developed using data envelopment analysis (DEA). One is called the slacks-based measure DEA (SBM-DEA) model, and the other is a novel data-driven approach (NDA) that combines FMEA and DEA. The relative advantages of the three models are compared. In this paper, an infant security case consisting of 16 failure modes at Western Wake Medical Center in Raleigh, North Carolina, U.S., was employed. The results indicate that both SBM-DEA and NDA may improve the discrimination and accuracy of detection compared to the traditional method of FMEA. However, NDA was found to have a relative advantage over SBM-DEA due to its risk assessment capability and precise detection of medical failures.
Factors Associated with the Risk of Developing Coronary Artery Disease in Medicated Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Ho Roger C. M. , Chua Anna C. , Tran Bach X. , Choo Carol C. , Husain Syeda Fabeha , Vu Giang T. , McIntyre Roger S. , Ho Cyrus S. H.
Published: September 2018

Background: The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with high Framingham Risk Score (FRS) in medicated patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: We examined 61 medicated patients with MDD (mean age 37.77 ± 7.67, 90.2% women) and 43 non-depressed controls (mean age 38.26 ± 9.20, 90.7% women). We administered the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and measured systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), mean arterial BP (MAP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), intima-media thickness (IMT), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and triglycerides. Results: We found that medicated patients with MDD had significantly higher levels of HAM-D score (p < 0.01), SBP (p = 0.015), MAP (p = 0.037), IL−6 level (p = 0.007), as compared with controls. Medicated patients who remained moderately to severely depressed showed significantly higher SBP (p = 0.049), DBP (p = 0.009), MAP (p = 0.024), IL−6 level (p = 0.019), left PWV (p = 0.004) and average PWV (p = 0.026) than those with mild depression. Multivariate regression showed that the interaction effect between HAM-D score and triglyceride level (p = 0.018) was significantly associated with FRS in medicated patients with MDD. Conclusions: This study highlights that the interaction effect of the severity of depression and the triglyceride level, was a modifiable factor positively associated with high FRS.
Suicide on the Railways in Belgium: A Typology of Locations and Potential for Prevention
Authors: Strale Mathieu , Krysinska Karolina , Van Overmeiren Gaëtan , Andriessen Karl
Published: September 2018

Suicide on railway networks comprises a serious public health problem. However, the geographical distribution and the environmental risk factors remain unclear. This study analyzed the geographic distribution of railway suicides in Belgium from 2008–2013 at the level of a railway section (average length of 3.5 km). Principal component analysis (PCA) identified three groups of correlations that helped explain the variance of railway suicide. The three groups are related to characteristics of urban spaces, psychiatric facilities, and railway traffic density. Based on the PCA results, the study found four types of railway sections. The density of railway suicide was average and low in the urban and rural/industrial sections, respectively. However, it was high in the suburban sections and the sections close to psychiatric facilities. As the geographical proximity of a psychiatric facility comprises a specific risk factor for suicide on railways, preventative measures should target these sections and establish collaborations with psychiatric facilities. The typology of locations found in this study constitutes crucial information for national and local suicide prevention on the Belgian railway network.
Monitoring Injuries Associated with Mandated Children’s Products in Australia: What Can the Data Tell Us?
Authors: Vallmuur Kirsten , Lukaszyk Caroline , Catchpoole Jesani
Published: September 2018

Mandatory standard regulation is used within Australia to ensure the safety of consumer products, preventing product-related injury. Standard regulation is particularly important for products designed for use by children, who are highly vulnerable to sustaining product-related injuries due to their small size and inability to identify product hazards. This project aims to investigate how effectively information regarding product-related injuries is able to be captured within Australian health and coronial data. Further, it aims to investigate the extent to which child injury occurs for products for which mandatory safety standards exist through the review of available data. This study highlights significant limitations in injury surveillance data for identification and monitoring of child product-related injuries. This in turn limits the evidence base to assess the efficacy of existing regulations. Available data show baby walkers, cots, prams, nightwear, and bunk beds to be associated with a considerable number of child hospital presentations, admissions, and deaths. A significant scope for improvement in current product injury recording practices in the health sector exists.
Laboratory-Assessed Markers of Cardiometabolic Health and Associations with GIS-Based Measures of Active-Living Environments
Authors: Hajna Samantha , Dasgupta Kaberi , Ross Nancy A.
Published: September 2018

Active-living-friendly environments have been linked to physical activity, but their relationships with specific markers of cardiometabolic health remain unclear. We estimated the associations between active-living environments and markers of cardiometabolic health, and explored the potential mediating role of physical activity in these associations. We used data collected on 2809 middle-aged adults who participated in the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007–2009; 41.5 years, SD = 15.1). Environments were assessed using an index that combined GIS-derived measures of street connectivity, land use mix, and population density. Body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), hemoglobin A1c, and cholesterol were assessed in a laboratory setting. Daily step counts and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) were assessed for seven days using accelerometers. Associations were estimated using robust multivariable linear regressions adjusted for sociodemographic factors that were assessed via questionnaire. BMI was 0.79 kg/m2 lower (95% confidence interval (CI) −1.31, −0.27) and SBP was 1.65 mmHg lower (95% CI −3.10, −0.20) in participants living in the most active-living-friendly environments compared to the least, independent of daily step counts or MVPA. A 35.4 min/week difference in MPVA (95% CI 24.2, 46.6) was observed between residents of neighborhoods in the highest compared to the lowest active-living-environment quartiles. Cycling to work rates were also the highest in participants living in the highest living-environment quartiles (e.g., Q4 vs. Q1: 10.4% vs. 4.9%). Although active-living environments are associated with lower BMI and SBP, and higher MVPA and cycling rates, neither daily step counts nor MVPA appear to account for environment–BMI/SBP relationships. This suggests that other factors not assessed in this study (e.g., food environment or unmeasured features of the social environment) may explain this relationship.
Syncope and Collapse Are Associated with an Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Patients Undergoing Dialysis
Authors: Huang Shih-Ting , Yu Tung-Min , Ke Tai-Yuan , Wu Ming-Ju , Chuang Ya-Wen , Li Chi-Yuan , Chiu Chih-Wei , Lin Cheng-Li , Liang Wen-Miin , Chou Tzu-Chieh , Kao Chia-Hung
Published: September 2018

Objective: This study explored the impact of syncope and collapse (SC) on cardiovascular events and mortality in patients undergoing dialysis. Methods: Patients undergoing dialysis with SC (n = 3876) were selected as the study cohort and those without SC who were propensity score-matched at a 1:1 ratio were included as controls. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including acute coronary syndrome (ACS), arrhythmia or cardiac arrest, stroke, and overall mortality, were evaluated and compared in both cohorts. Results: The mean follow-up periods until the occurrence of ACS, arrhythmia or cardiac arrest, stroke, and overall mortality in the SC cohort were 3.51 ± 2.90, 3.43 ± 2.93, 3.74 ± 2.97, and 3.76 ± 2.98 years, respectively. Compared with the patients without SC, those with SC had higher incidence rates of ACS (30.1 vs. 24.7 events/1000 people/year), arrhythmia or cardiac arrest (6.75 vs. 3.51 events/1000 people/year), and stroke (51.6 vs. 35.7 events/1000 people/year), with higher overall mortality (127.7 vs. 77.9 deaths/1000 people/year). The SC cohort also had higher risks for ACS, arrhythmia or cardiac arrest, stroke, and overall mortality (adjusted hazard ratios: 1.28 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.11–1.46), 2.05 (95% CI = 1.50–2.82), 1.48 (95% CI = 1.33–1.66), and 1.79 (95% CI = 1.67–1.92), respectively) than did the non-SC cohort. Conclusion: SC was significantly associated with cardiovascular events and overall mortality in the patients on dialysis. SC may serve as a prodrome for cardiovascular comorbidities, thereby assisting clinicians in identifying high-risk patients.
Cysteine Proteases from V. cundinamarcensis (C. candamarcensis) Inhibit Melanoma Metastasis and Modulate Expression of Proteins Related to Proliferation, Migration and Differentiation
Authors: Lemos Fernanda O. , Dittz Dalton , Santos Verlane G. , Pires Simone F. , De Andrade Hélida M. , Salas Carlos E. , Lopes Miriam T. P.
Published: September 2018

Previous studies showed that P1G10, a proteolytic fraction from Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis latex, reduced the tumor mass in animals bearing melanoma, increased in vitro DNA fragmentation and decreased cell adhesion. Here, we present some molecular and cellular events related to the antimetastatic effect induced by the CMS-2 fraction derived from P1G10 in metastatic melanoma B16-F10 and melanocyte Melan-a. Using difference gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, we identified four proteins overexpressed in tumor cells, all of them related to proliferation, survival, migration and cell invasion, that had their expression normalized upon treatment with CMS-2: nucleophosmin 1, heat shock protein 65, calcyclin binding protein and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4H. In addition, some antioxidant and glycolytic enzymes show increased expression after exposure to CMS-2, along with an induction of melanogenesis (differentiation marker). The down regulation of cofilin 1, a protein involved in cell motility, may explain the inhibition of cell migration and dendritic-like outgrowth in B16-F10 and Melan-a, observed after CMS-2 treatment. Taken together, it is argued that CMS-2 modulates the expression of proteins related to metastatic development, driving the cell to a more differentiated-like state. These effects support the CMS-2 antimetastatic activity and place this fraction in the category of anticancer agent.
The Many Faces of Rap1 GTPase
Authors: Jaśkiewicz Anna , Pająk Beata , Orzechowski Arkadiusz
Published: September 2018

This review addresses the issue of the numerous roles played by Rap1 GTPase (guanosine triphosphatase) in different cell types, in terms of both physiology and pathology. It is one among a myriad of small G proteins with endogenous GTP-hydrolyzing activity that is considerably stimulated by posttranslational modifications (geranylgeranylation) or guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), and inhibited by GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Rap1 is a ubiquitous protein that plays an essential role in the control of metabolic processes, such as signal transduction from plasma membrane receptors, cytoskeleton rearrangements necessary for cell division, intracellular and substratum adhesion, as well as cell motility, which is needed for extravasation or fusion. We present several examples of how Rap1 affects cells and organs, pointing to possible molecular manipulations that could have application in the therapy of several diseases.
Differential Accumulation of Anthocyanins in Dendrobium officinale Stems with Red and Green Peels
Authors: Yu Zhenming , Liao Yinyin , Teixeira da Silva Jaime A. , Yang Ziyin , Duan Jun
Published: September 2018

Dendrobium officinale stems, including red and green stems, are widely used as a dietary supplement to develop nutraceutical beverages and food products. However, there is no detailed information on pigment composition of red and green stems. Here, we investigated the content and composition of pigments in red and green stems by Ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and assessed the differential accumulation of anthocyanins at the molecular level. The color of peels in red stems was caused by the presence of anthocyanins in epidermal cells unlike the peels of green stems. The glucoside derivatives delphinidin and cyanidin are responsible for the red color. Within the D. officinale anthocyanidin biosynthetic pathway, DoANS and DoUFGT, coding for anthocyanidin synthase and UDP-glucose flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase, respectively, are critical regulatory genes related to the differential accumulation of anthocyanidin. These findings provide a more complete profile of pigments, especially anthocyanin, in D. officinale stems, and lay a foundation for producing functional foods.
The Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Chemoresistance: 3D Extracellular Matrices as Accomplices
Authors: Senthebane Dimakatso , Jonker Tina , Rowe Arielle , Thomford Nicholas , Munro Daniella , Dandara Collet , Wonkam Ambroise , Govender Dhirendra , Calder Bridget , Soares Nelson , Blackburn Jonathan , Parker M. , Dzobo Kevin
Published: September 2018

Background: The functional interplay between tumor cells and their adjacent stroma has been suggested to play crucial roles in the initiation and progression of tumors and the effectiveness of chemotherapy. The extracellular matrix (ECM), a complex network of extracellular proteins, provides both physical and chemicals cues necessary for cell proliferation, survival, and migration. Understanding how ECM composition and biomechanical properties affect cancer progression and response to chemotherapeutic drugs is vital to the development of targeted treatments. Methods: 3D cell-derived-ECMs and esophageal cancer cell lines were used as a model to investigate the effect of ECM proteins on esophageal cancer cell lines response to chemotherapeutics. Immunohistochemical and qRT-PCR evaluation of ECM proteins and integrin gene expression was done on clinical esophageal squamous cell carcinoma biopsies. Esophageal cancer cell lines (WHCO1, WHCO5, WHCO6, KYSE180, KYSE 450 and KYSE 520) were cultured on decellularised ECMs (fibroblasts-derived ECM; cancer cell-derived ECM; combinatorial-ECM) and treated with 0.1% Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 4.2 µM cisplatin, 3.5 µM 5-fluorouracil and 2.5 µM epirubicin for 24 h. Cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, colony formation, apoptosis, migration and activation of signaling pathways were used as our study endpoints. Results: The expression of collagens, fibronectin and laminins was significantly increased in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) tumor samples compared to the corresponding normal tissue. Decellularised ECMs abrogated the effect of drugs on cancer cell cycling, proliferation and reduced drug induced apoptosis by 20–60% that of those plated on plastic. The mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK-ERK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathways were upregulated in the presence of the ECMs. Furthermore, our data show that concomitant addition of chemotherapeutic drugs and the use of collagen- and fibronectin-deficient ECMs through siRNA inhibition synergistically increased cancer cell sensitivity to drugs by 30–50%, and reduced colony formation and cancer cell migration. Conclusion: Our study shows that ECM proteins play a key role in the response of cancer cells to chemotherapy and suggest that targeting ECM proteins can be an effective therapeutic strategy against chemoresistant tumors.
Degradation Studies Realized on Natural Rubber and Plasticized Potato Starch Based Eco-Composites Obtained by Peroxide Cross-Linking
Authors: Manaila Elena , Stelescu Maria Daniela , Craciun Gabriela
Published: September 2018

The obtaining and characterization of some environmental-friendly composites that are based on natural rubber and plasticized starch, as filler, are presented. These were obtained by peroxide cross-linking in the presence of a polyfunctional monomer used here as cross-linking co-agent, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate. The influence of plasticized starch amount on the composites physical and mechanical characteristics, gel fraction and cross-link density, water uptake, structure and morphology before and after accelerated (thermal) degradation, and natural (for one year in temperate climate) ageing, was studied. Differences of two orders of magnitude between the degradation/aging methods were registered in the case of some mechanical characteristics, by increasing the plasticized starch amount. The cross-link density, water uptake and mass loss were also significant affected by the plasticized starch amount increasing and exposing for one year to natural ageing in temperate climate. Based on the results of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and cross-link density measurements, reaction mechanisms attributed to degradation induced by accelerated and natural ageing were done. SEM micrographs have confirmed in addition that by incorporating a quantity of hydrophilic starch amount over 20 phr and by exposing the composites to natural ageing, and then degradability can be enhanced by comparing with thermal degradation.
Whole Exome Sequencing Identifies a Novel Hedgehog-Interacting Protein G516R Mutation in Locally Advanced Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Lee Woo Kyung , Lee Seul Gi , Yim Seung Hyuk , Kim Daham , Kim Hyunji , Jeong Seonhyang , Jung Sang Geun , Jo Young Suk , Lee Jandee
Published: September 2018

Locally advanced thyroid cancer exhibits aggressive clinical features requiring extensive neck dissection. Therefore, it is important to identify changes in the tumor biology before local progression. Here, whole exome sequencing (WES) using tissues from locally advanced papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) presented a large number of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the metastatic lymph node (MLN), but not in normal tissues and primary tumors. Among those MLN-specific SNVs, a novel HHIP G516R (G1546A) mutation was also observed. Interestingly, in-depth analysis for exome sequencing data from the primary tumor presented altered nucleotide ‘A’ at a very low frequency indicating intra-tumor heterogeneity between the primary tumor and MLN. Computational prediction models such as PROVEAN and Polyphen suggested that HHIP G516R might affect protein function and stability. In vitro, HHIP G516R increased cell proliferation and promoted cell migration in thyroid cancer cells. HHIP G516R, a missense mutation, could be a representative example for the intra-tumor heterogeneity of locally advanced thyroid cancer, which can be a potential future therapeutic target for this disease.
Melatonin Can Strengthen the Effect of Retinoic Acid in HL-60 Cells
Authors: Krestinina Olga , Fadeev Roman , Lomovsky Alexey , Baburina Yulia , Kobyakova Margarita , Akatov Vladimir
Published: September 2018

Melatonin is produced by the pineal gland. It can be regarded as an anticancer agent and used for combined therapy, owing to its oncostatic, antioxidant, and immunoregulatory activities. Retinoic acid is widely used for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia; however, it has adverse effects on the human organism. We investigated the effect of melatonin and reduced concentrations of retinoic acid on the activation of proliferation in acute promyelocytic leukemiaon a cell model HL-60. The combined effect of these compounds leads to a reduction in the number of cells by 70% and the index of mitotic activity by 64%. Combined treatment with melatonin and retinoic acid decreased the expression of the Bcl-2. The mitochondrial isoform VDAC1 can be a target in the treatment of different tumors. The combined effect of and retinoic acid at a low concentration (10 nM) decreased VDAC1 expression. Melatonin in combination with retinoic acid produced a similar effect on the expression of the translocator protein. The coprecipitation of VDAC with 2′,3′-cyclonucleotide-3′-phosphodiesterase implies a possible role of its in cancer development. The combined effect of retinoic acid and melatonin decreased the activity of the electron transport chain complexes. The changes in the activation of proliferation in HL-60 cells, the mitotic index, and Bcl-2 expression under combined effect of retinoic acid (10 nM) with melatonin (1 mM) are similar to changes that are induced by 1 μM retinoic acid. Our results suggest that MEL is able to improve the action the other chemotherapeutic agent.
Membrane-Bound Class III Peroxidases: Unexpected Enzymes with Exciting Functions
Authors: Lüthje Sabine , Martinez-Cortes Teresa
Published: September 2018

Class III peroxidases are heme-containing proteins of the secretory pathway with a high redundance and versatile functions. Many soluble peroxidases have been characterized in great detail, whereas only a few studies exist on membrane-bound isoenzymes. Membrane localization of class III peroxidases has been demonstrated for tonoplast, plasma membrane and detergent resistant membrane fractions of different plant species. In silico analysis revealed transmembrane domains for about half of the class III peroxidases that are encoded by the maize (Zea mays) genome. Similar results have been found for other species like thale-cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) and rice (Oryza sativa). Besides this, soluble peroxidases interact with tonoplast and plasma membranes by protein–protein interaction. The topology, spatiotemporal organization, molecular and biological functions of membrane-bound class III peroxidases are discussed. Besides a function in membrane protection and/or membrane repair, additional functions have been supported by experimental data and phylogenetics.
The Structure and Phenology of Non-Native Scolytine Beetle Communities in Coffee Plantations on Kauaʻi
Authors: Bernard Jared , Ewing Curtis P. , Messing Russell H.
Published: September 2018

Populations and communities are known to respond to abiotic conditions, but the forces determining the distribution of particular insect pests are sometimes overlooked in the process of developing control methods. Bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are important pests of crops, forestry, and ecosystems worldwide, yet the factors that influence their success are unknown for many species. The Hawaiian archipelago is host to over three dozen invasive scolytines, many of which occur on Kauaʻi and are pests of agriculture. We analyzed scolytine community dynamics at two coffee estates: a hand-harvested site in a tropical wet forest and a mechanically harvested site in a tropical dry savanna. Our regression analyses show overall scolytine abundance was negatively correlated with rainfall, as were four species: the tropical nut borer (Hypothenemus obscurus), H. brunneus, Cryphalus longipilus, and Xyleborinus andrewesi. These relationships contributed to the compositions of the communities being markedly dissimilar despite having the same species richness. Multivariate analysis found no influence from temperature or harvest method on community dynamics. This information can be valuable for the timing of pest control methods, for predicting the success of possible new scolytine arrivals on Kauaʻi, and for forecasting how these species may spread with climate change.
An In Vitro Model for Assessing Corneal Keratocyte Spreading and Migration on Aligned Fibrillar Collagen
Authors: Kivanany Pouriska B. , Grose Kyle C. , Yonet-Tanyeri Nihan , Manohar Sujal , Sunkara Yukta , Lam Kevin H. , Schmidtke David W. , Varner Victor D. , Petroll W. Matthew
Published: September 2018

Background: Corneal stromal cells (keratocytes) are responsible for developing and maintaining normal corneal structure and transparency, and for repairing the tissue after injury. Corneal keratocytes reside between highly aligned collagen lamellae in vivo. In addition to growth factors and other soluble biochemical factors, feedback from the extracellular matrix (ECM) itself has been shown to modulate corneal keratocyte behavior. Methods: In this study, we fabricate aligned collagen substrates using a microfluidics approach and assess their impact on corneal keratocyte morphology, cytoskeletal organization, and patterning after stimulation with platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) or transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ). We also use time-lapse imaging to visualize the dynamic interactions between cells and fibrillar collagen during wound repopulation following an in vitro freeze injury. Results: Significant co-alignment between keratocytes and aligned collagen fibrils was detected, and the degree of cell/ECM co-alignment further increased in the presence of PDGF or TGFβ. Freeze injury produced an area of cell death without disrupting the collagen. High magnification, time-lapse differential interference contrast (DIC) imaging allowed cell movement and subcellular interactions with the underlying collagen fibrils to be directly visualized. Conclusions: With continued development, this experimental model could be an important tool for accessing how the integration of multiple biophysical and biochemical signals regulate corneal keratocyte differentiation.
Evaluation of Antibiotic-Releasing Triphasic Bone Void Filler In-Vitro
Authors: Harris Michael , Ahmed Hamza , Pace Leslie , Minter Jon , Neel Michael , Jennings Jessica
Published: September 2018

Bone void fillers (BVFs) containing calcium sulfate, tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and hydroxyapatite can be loaded with antibiotics for infection treatment or prevention under surgeon-directed use. The aim of this study was to characterize the handling and elution properties of a triphasic BVF loaded with common antibiotics. BVF was mixed with vancomycin and/or tobramycin to form pellets, and the set time was recorded. A partial refreshment elution study was conducted with time points at 4, 8, and 24 h, as well as 2, 7, 14, 28, and 42 days. Effects on dissolution were evaluated in a 14-day dissolution study. Set time increased to over 1 h for groups containing tobramycin, although vancomycin had a minimal effect. Pellets continued to elute antibiotics throughout the 42-day elution study, suggesting efficacy for the treatment or prevention of orthopedic infections. BVF containing vancomycin or tobramycin showed similar dissolution at 14 days compared to BVF without antibiotics; however, BVF containing both antibiotics showed significantly more dissolution.
Chromaticity-Tunable and Thermal Stable Phosphor-in-Glass Inorganic Color Converter for High Power Warm w-LEDs
Authors: Chen Zikun , Wang Bo , Li Xiaoshuang , Huang Dayu , Sun Hongyang , Zeng Qingguang
Published: September 2018

In this work, an aluminate silicate garnet phosphor, Y2Mg2Al2Si2O12:Ce3+ (YMASG:Ce3+), exhibiting strong and broad yellow-orange emission, was successfully synthesized. Attributed to the double cation substitution of YAG:Ce3+, which led to a compression effect, a redshift was observed with respect to YAG:Ce3+. More importantly, a transparent phosphor-in-glass (PiG) sample was obtained by incorporating the phosphor YMASG:Ce3+ into a special low-melting precursor glass. The energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) mapping analysis of the as-prepared PiG sample indicates that YMASG:Ce3+ was successfully incorporated into the glass host, and its powders were uniformly distributed in glass. The photoluminescence intensity of the PiG sample was higher than that of the powder due to its relatively high thermal conductivity. Additionally, the combination of the PiG sample and a blue high-power chip generated a modular white LED with a luminous efficacy of 54.5 lm/W, a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 5274 K, and a color rendering index (CRI) of 79.5 at 350 mA.
Grain-Boundary Interaction between Inconel 625 and WC during Laser Metal Deposition
Authors: Huebner Jan , Kata Dariusz , Rutkowski Paweł , Petrzak Paweł , Kusiński Jan
Published: September 2018

In this study, the laser metal deposition (LMD) of the Inconel 625–tungsten carbide (WC) metal matrix composite was investigated. The composite coating was deposited on Inconel 625 substrate by powder method. A powder mixture containing 10 wt% of WC (5 µm) was prepared by wet mixing with dextrin binder. Coating samples obtained by low-power LMD were pore- and crack-free. Ceramic reinforcement was distributed homogenously in the whole volume of the material. Topologically close-packed (TCP) phases were formed at grain boundaries between WC and Inconel 625 matrix as a result of partial dissolution of WC in a nickel-based alloy. Line analysis of the elements revealed very small interference of the coating in the substrate material when compared to conventional coating methods. The average Vickers hardness of the coating was about 25% higher than the hardness of pure Inconel 625 reference samples.
Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Chondroitin Sulfate from Cartilage By-Products of Blackmouth Catshark (Galeus melastomus)
Authors: Vázquez José Antonio , Fraguas Javier , Novoa-Carvallal Ramón , Reis Rui L. , Antelo Luis T. , Pérez-Martín Ricardo I. , Valcarcel Jesus
Published: September 2018

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan actively researched for pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and tissue engineering applications. CS extracted from marine animals displays different features from common terrestrial sources, resulting in distinct properties, such as anti-viral and anti-metastatic. Therefore, exploration of undescribed marine species holds potential to expand the possibilities of currently-known CS. Accordingly, we have studied for the first time the production and characterization of CS from blackmouth catshark (Galeus melastomus), a shark species commonly discarded as by-catch. The process of CS purification consists of cartilage hydrolysis with alcalase, followed by two different chemical treatments and ending with membrane purification. All steps were optimized by response surface methodology. According to this, the best conditions for cartilage proteolysis were established at 52.9 °C and pH = 7.31. Subsequent purification by either alkaline treatment or hydroalcoholic alkaline precipitation yielded CS with purities of 81.2%, 82.3% and 97.4% respectively, after 30-kDa membrane separation. The molecular weight of CS obtained ranges 53–66 kDa, depending on the conditions. Sulfation profiles were similar for all materials, with dominant CS-C (GlcA-GalNAc6S) units (55%), followed by 23–24% of CS-A (GlcA-GalNAc4S), a substantial amount (15–16%) of CS-D (GlcA2S-GalNAc6S) and less than 7% of other disulfated and unsulfated disaccharides.
Miniaturized NIR Spectrometer Based on Novel MOEMS Scanning Tilted Grating
Authors: Huang Jian , Wen Quan , Nie Qiuyu , Chang Fei , Zhou Ying , Wen Zhiyu
Published: September 2018

This paper presents a dispersive near-infrared spectrometer with features of miniaturization, portability and low cost. The application of a resonantly-driven scanning grating mirror (SGM) as a dispersive element in a crossed Czerny–Turner configuration enables the design of a miniaturized spectrometer that can detect the full spectra using only one single InGaAs diode. In addition, a high accuracy recalculation is realized, which can convert time-dependent measurements to spectrum information by utilizing the deflection position detector integrated on SGM and its associated closed-loop control circuit. Finally, the spectrometer prototype is subjected to a series of tests to characterize the instrument’s performance fully. The results of the experiment show that the spectrometer works in a spectral range of 800 nm–1800 nm with a resolution of less than 10 nm, a size of 9 × 7 × 7 cm3, a wavelength stability better than ±1 nm and a measuring time of less than 1 ms. Furthermore, the power consumption of the instrument is 3 W at 5 V DC, and the signal-to-noise ratio is 3267 at full scale. Therefore, this spectrometer could be a potential alternative to classical spectrometers in process control applications or could be used as a portable or airborne spectroscopic sensor.
Revisiting Current Photoactive Materials for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Q. Mesquita Mariana , J. Dias Cristina , P. M. S. Neves Maria G. , Almeida Adelaide , F. Faustino M. Amparo
Published: September 2018

Microbial infection is a severe concern, requiring the use of significant amounts of antimicrobials/biocides, not only in the hospital setting, but also in other environments. The increasing use of antimicrobial drugs and the rapid adaptability of microorganisms to these agents, have contributed to a sharp increase of antimicrobial resistance. It is obvious that the development of new strategies to combat planktonic and biofilm-embedded microorganisms is required. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is being recognized as an effective method to inactivate a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including those resistant to conventional antimicrobials. In the last few years, the development and biological assessment of new photosensitizers for PDI were accompanied by their immobilization in different supports having in mind the extension of the photodynamic principle to new applications, such as the disinfection of blood, water, and surfaces. In this review, we intended to cover a significant amount of recent work considering a diversity of photosensitizers and supports to achieve an effective photoinactivation. Special attention is devoted to the chemistry behind the preparation of the photomaterials by recurring to extensive examples, illustrating the design strategies. Additionally, we highlighted the biological challenges of each formulation expecting that the compiled information could motivate the development of other effective photoactive materials.
Gamma Irradiation-Assisted Synthesis of Cellulose Nanocrystal-Reinforced Gelatin Hydrogels
Authors: Wan Ishak Wan Hafizi , Ahmad Ishak , Ramli Suria , Mohd Amin Mohd Cairul Iqbal
Published: September 2018

Herein, we describe the use of gamma irradiation to prepare hydrogels comprising α-cellulose and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-reinforced gelatin in the absence of crosslinking agents. In this study, cellulose was extracted from rice husks by an alkali and bleaching treatment followed by acid hydrolysis to produce CNC. A semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) of hydrogels was developed by the miscibility between gelatin and cellulosic materials. Compared to those prepared from α-cellulose, hydrogels prepared by dispersion of CNCs exhibited remarkably enhanced stiffness and swelling properties, which was ascribed to the uniform distribution of CNCs and their increased crystallinity. Improved pore structure, arrangement, and rigidity of CNC-reinforced gelatin hydrogels, which induced the swelling mechanism resulting in higher and faster water uptake was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), compared to cellulose-reinforced gelatin hydrogels. Moreover, in vitro drug profiling demonstrated that CNC/gelatin hydrogels exhibit good drug loading/release behavior and are thus suitable for use in drug-delivery applications.
Mendelian Randomization Studies of Coffee and Caffeine Consumption
Authors: Cornelis Marilyn C. , Munafo Marcus R.
Published: September 2018

Habitual coffee and caffeine consumption has been reported to be associated with numerous health outcomes. This perspective focuses on Mendelian Randomization (MR) approaches for determining whether such associations are causal. Genetic instruments for coffee and caffeine consumption are described, along with key concepts of MR and particular challenges when applying this approach to studies of coffee and caffeine. To date, at least fifteen MR studies have investigated the causal role of coffee or caffeine use on risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, gout, osteoarthritis, cancers, sleep disturbances and other substance use. Most studies provide no consistent support for a causal role of coffee or caffeine on these health outcomes. Common study limitations include low statistical power, potential pleiotropy, and risk of collider bias. As a result, in many cases a causal role cannot confidently be ruled out. Conceptual challenges also arise from the different aspects of coffee and caffeine use captured by current genetic instruments. Nevertheless, with continued genome-wide searches for coffee and caffeine related loci along with advanced statistical methods and MR designs, MR promises to be a valuable approach to understanding the causal impact that coffee and caffeine have in human health.
Effect of A Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet on Food and Alcohol Cravings, Physical and Sexual Activity, Sleep Disturbances, and Quality of Life in Obese Patients
Authors: Castro Ana I. , Gomez-Arbelaez Diego , Crujeiras Ana B. , Granero Roser , Aguera Zaida , Jimenez-Murcia Susana , Sajoux Ignacio , Lopez-Jaramillo Patricio , Fernandez-Aranda Fernando , Casanueva Felipe F.
Published: September 2018

Psychological well-being and hunger and food control are two relevant factors involved in the success of weight-loss therapy in treating obesity. Thus, this study aims to evaluate food and alcohol cravings, physical and sexual activity, sleep, and life quality (QoL) in obese patients following a very low-calorie ketogenic (VLCK) diet, as well as the role of weight lost and ketosis on these parameters. A battery of psychological test was performed in twenty obese patients (12 females, 47.2 ± 10.2 year and BMI of 35.5 ± 4.4) through the course of a 4-month VLCK diet on four subsequent visits: baseline, maximum ketosis, reduced ketosis, and endpoint. Each subject acted as their own control. Relevantly, the dietary-induced changes in body composition (7.7 units of BMI lost, 18 kg of fat mass (1.2 kg of visceral fat mass)) were associated with a statistically significant improvement in food craving scores, physical activity, sleepiness, and female sexual function. Overall, these results also translated in a notable enhancement in QoL of the treated obese patients. Therefore, the rapid and sustained weight and fat mass (FM) loss induced by the VLCK diet is associated with good food control and improvements in the psychological well-being parameters in obese subjects, which could contribute to the long-term success of this therapy.