bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Rosinyl Amine Salt Surfactant
Authors: Jin Yan , Li Shuang Yue , Li Shu Jun , Zhang Li Jun
Published: January 2011

Rosin is reputed as green petroleum because it is renewable, not expensive, and environmental friendly. China is rich in rosin resources. In this report, rosin was used as raw material to prepare rosinyl amine salt (RAS) surfactant. The optimal reaction conditions of RAS was modified rosin and dimethylamine mole ratio of 1:2, reaction temperature of 78 oC and reaction time of 2 h. The chemical structure of the product was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. As a surfactant, it has a critical micellar concentration (CMC) of 7.07×10-5mol/L, a surface tension of 44.36 mN/m, an emulsification activity of 5min, a height of foam of 165 mm, and a foam stability of 143 mm.
Studies on Lay Out Scheme of Steel Beam in Midspan Bottom Slab of Long-Span Continuous Rigid-Frame Bridge
Authors: Lv Dan , Zheng Yi Feng , Zhao Qun
Published: January 2011

Most of steel beams in midspan bottom slab are fixed up following the shape of girder bottom edge with both ends anchoring to the bottom slab wedge. Due to the girder of long-span continuous rigid-frame bridge has variable cross section, the shape of steel beams in midspan bottom slab presents a curve opening downward, which does harm to the girder. Arranging steel beams along straight line in the bottom slab with both ends anchoring to the top wedge is better for girder to carry load. The analysis results of two methods analyzed by FEM shows that arranging of straight line lowers the stress of the top edge of girder meanwhile it increases the stress of bottom slab edge. Besides, the method lowers pressure stress and shear stress of the height middle of the girder where the steel beam anchoring and increases the main tension stress reservation which is good for the girder to carry load.
Synthesis of Cinnamaldehyde Hydroxyl Sulfonic Sodium and its Anti-Fungal Activity
Authors: Zhang Yuan Yuan , Li Shu Jun
Published: January 2011

In this experiment, cinnamon oil was used as the raw material to produce a water soluble derivative. Cinnamaldehyde, a major constituent of cinnamon oil, is easy to take place nucleophilic addition with saturated sodium bisulfite aqueous solution and generate sodium hydrogensulfite adduct—cinnamaldehyde hydroxyl sulfonic sodium, which has great water solubility, and the yield was 74.64%. The chemical structure of the product was identified by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The anti-fungal activity of the product was determined by paper-disc method with wood decay fungi such as Trametes versicolor, Gloeophyllum trabeum and wood stain fungi such as Aspergillus niger, Paecilomyces Variotii and Paecilomyces lilacinus. The anti-fungal experiment results showed that the product has a little anti-fungal activity for the selected stain fungi, especially Aspergillus niger, but the antifungal activity of the product is not good. It has no anti-fungal activity for Trametes versicolor and only a little activity for Gloeophyllum trabeum. The result indicates that the aldehyde group plays an important role in the anti-fungal activity of cinnamaldehyde. Some derivatives without changing aldehyde group should be focused on in the future.
Relationship between the Valence Electron Structures of Precipitated Phases and Thermostability of Mg-Al-Si Alloy
Authors: Qu Hua , Liu Wei Dong , Zhou Gang , Shen Xiao Lu , Liu Chuang
Published: January 2011

The valence electron structures of the matrix and the precipitated phases of Mg17Al12 and Mg2Si of Mg-Al-Si alloy were calculated, then the space structures of covalent bonds of precipitated phases were analysed. The results show that the structures of the two main bonds of Mg17Al12 are connected through the weaker bond G and its thermostability are lower. The strongest bond A of Mg2Si has three dimensional structure and does not exist the weaker segment of covalent bond structure, so its thermostability is high. Under room temperature, the strengthening mechanism of Mg17Al12 and Mg2Si lies in their atom bond force far large than that of the matrix and they effective locate the dislocation movement. When temperature is above 120 °C, the bond G breaks and Mg17Al12 disrupts, so it can not play a role of locating the grain boundary and controlling the grain boundary of high temperature. But it is not easy for the covalent bond structure of Mg2Si to disrupt under high temperature, so it can effectively obstruct the movement of the grain boundary and dislocation.
Treatment of Model Wastewater Including Eriochrome Black T Based on Eggshell Membrane
Authors: Liu Tao
Published: January 2011

The adsorption and decolorization of water-soluble azo dye(Eriochrome Black T) was investigated based on eggshell membrane. The effect of adsorption time, pH value, temperature as well as the dosage of eggshell membrane on the decolorization of Eriochrome Black T was studied. It is indicated from the experimental results that the azo-dye adsorption with eggshell membrane should be carried out in acidic solution. At the optimum conditions, 95% of Eriochrome Black T could be removed. In this study, the dumped eggshell membrane can be utilized to solve the pollution problem of dye wastewater, which will offer us a new way for utilization of eggshell membrane and treatment of wastewater.
Reserach on Rheology of Biodegradable Soy Protein Materials
Authors: Cui Yong Yan , Hu Shi Ming , Yang Zhen Xing
Published: January 2011

The aluminum metal matrix composites (Al MMCs) reinforced by SiC particles with different sizes (25 nm, 150 nm and 3.5 μm) were fabricated by powder metallurgy technique, and the microstructure and tensile properties of the Al MMCs were investigated. When the volume fraction of SiC particles is fixed to be 5 %, the Al MMCs reinforced by nanosized and submicron particles exhibit much higher ultimate tensile strength and yield strength, and much lower ductility compared with those of the non-reinforced aluminum. However, for the MMC reinforced by 3.5 m SiC particles, almost no strengthening effect is found. The strengthening effect of the Al MMCs is analyzed in terms of dislocation mechanism. Moreover, the tensile fracture surface shows that the damage mechanism of the Al MMCs can be changed as the size of SiC particles is changed.
Langmuir-Blodgett Ultrathin Films Composed of ZnO Nanoparticles: Fabrication and Characterization
Authors: Tang Dong Yan , Han Shuai , He Bao Zhu
Published: January 2011

By the Langmuir-Blodgett(LB) technique, the zinc ion containing multilayer was prepared by transferring the zinc acetate, spread on the surface of subphase of ultrapure water and stearic acid-chloroform mixtures, onto a hydrophilic silicon wafer or glass plate. Then the multilayer was converted into ZnO ultrathin films after pre-heating and annealing. The optimized parameters for monolayer formation, such as concentration of subphase, barrier speed and spreading volume, were determined by the measurement of the surface pressure-surface area (Π-A) isotherms. The expended areas after deposition with zinc ions inferred the interaction of stearic acid with zinc ion during the formation of monolayer at air-water interface. The optimized parameters for multilayer deposition, such as surface pressure and lifting speed were determined by the measurement of the transfer coefficient. The X-ray diffraction(XRD) was used to investigate the crystal structures of ZnO nanoparticles and ultrathin film. The surface morphologies of the LB multilayer and ultrathin film were observed by the atomic force microscopy (AFM). A uniform and flat surface of ZnO ultrathin film within nanometer ranges(<35nm) were obtained.
Structure Analysis and Performance Simulation on the Walking Mechanism of the Transportation Machine Providing Disaster Relief
Authors: Wang Hui , Ma Yan , Ren Chang Qing , Li Ning
Published: January 2011

It makes a brief description of the transportation machine providing disaster relief. The paper makes a deep analysis and founds a scheme on the walking mechanism of the transportation machine sending relief to a disaster area, illustrates the relationship among the mechanism structure, component size, tracks and kinematic parameters of the foot. It makes an experimental prototype design which through the analysis before, embeds the scheme into the design parameters, and conducts an actual verification about the results of theoretical derivation. The results proved the feasibility of the design, and reflected the impact factors. It will lay the theoretical foundation for the walking mechanism’s design and research of the transportation machine providing disaster relief, and will be in favor of the development and utilization of the transportation machine providing disaster relief in the new period.
Chemical Mechanical Planarization of Cu Pattern Wafer Based Alkaline Slurry in GLSI with R(NH2)n as Complexing Agent
Authors: He Yan Gang , Wang Jia Xi , Niu Xin Huan , Gan Xiao Wei , Shi Rui , Sun Ming , Tan Bai Mei , Liu Yu Ling
Published: January 2011

Chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) of Cu pattern wafer based alkaline Cu slurry in GLSI was investigated. The performance of Cu removal rate and dishing condition were discussed in this paper. Different formation of alkali CMP slurry (Cu1 and Cu2 slurry) were observed by removal rate experiments and showed that alkaline slurry provided a robust polishing performance on initial removal rate, which Cu1 and Cu2 slurry were higher than that of commercial acidity slurry, and in addition, alkaline slurry also have good ending removal rate both in Cu1 and Cu2 slurry and favorable dishing in Cu2 slurry. Furthermore, the result indicated that Cu alkaline slurry with a complexing agent of R(NH2)n, compared with commercial acidity slurry with a inhibitor of Benzotriazol (BTA), have better application foreground for 45nm nod and more advanced nodes.
Cold Recycling of Waste Asphalt Pavement in Cold Region
Authors: Xu Yong Li , Cheng Pei Feng , Liu Guo Feng , Lei Ming Chen
Published: January 2011

The characteristics of the mixture of recycled asphalt pavements with emulsified asphalt and cement, as the pavement material, was investigated in this research. Kantabro Loss test was used to evaluate initial performance of the recycling mixture and to propose appropriate parameter. Rutting test, split test and low-temperature bending test were carried out to evaluate the long-term performance. The performance of the mixture at low temperature was one of the most important factors to be considered to ensure its application in cold areas. The results showed that the performance of the mixture was effect by old mixes milled. The proposed application conditions of the recycled mixture were also discussed in this paper.
Acclimation of Anaerobic Granular Sludge and 2,6-DNP Removal in the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactors
Authors: She Zong Lian , Shi En , Fu Xiao Hui , Wu Jian , Jiang Li Na , Guo Liang
Published: January 2011

Characteristics of anaerobic granules before and after acclimation were studied using glucose as co-substrate. Removal efficiencies of 2,6-dinitrophenol (2,6-DNP) using two different co-substrates were investigated in two lab-scale UASB reactors. Granular sludge acclimatized to the wastewater containing 2,6-DNP through 3 months. After acclimation, SEM pictures of the granular biomass showed that Filamentous bacteria were the predominant bacteria on the surface of granules. Throughout the study of 2,6-DNP anaerobic degradation with different co-substrates, influent COD concentration was kept constant as about 2500 mg l-1. Maximum 2,6-DNP concentration was 170.0 mg l-1 and 2,6-DNP removal efficiencies were always more than 98.0% using glucose as co-substrate, keeping hydraulic retention time (HRT) as 35 h. When using sodium acetate as co-substrate and keeping HRT as 30 h, maximum 2,6-DNP concentration was up to 189.5 mg l-1 and over 99.2% 2,6-DNP removal efficiencies could be obtained.
Substrate Specificities of α-Galactosidase from Rice
Authors: Li Su Hong , Zhu Min Peng , Li Tuo Ping
Published: January 2011

The α-galactosidase from rice cleaved not only α-D-galactosyl residues from the non-reducing end of substrates such as melibiose, raffinose and stachyose, but also liberated the terminal galactosyl residues attached O-6 position of the reducing-end mannosyl residue in mannobiose and mannotriose. In addition, the enzyme tore off the stubbed galactosyl residues attached inner-mannosyl residues in mannopentaose. It also could catalyze efficient degalactosylation of galactomannans, such as guar gum and locust bean gum.
Characteristics of Phosphorus Adsorption of Aerated Concrete in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Fu Wei Guo , Li Ping Ping
Published: January 2011

Constructed wetlands are widely used throughout the world to treat a wide variety of wastewater. Numerous researches on phosphorus removal have been reported, however, in practice, phosphorus removal efficiency through the constructed wetland is still relatively lower due to various reasons. In this paper, the phosphorus adsorption capacity of aerated concrete (a building material) was investigated by using Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm equations, and then the possibility, using aerated concrete waste residues for the treatment of effluent with relatively higher concentration phosphorus at the outfall of constructed wetland end through certain engineering measures, was explored. The results showed that aerated concrete not only had a higher phosphorus adsorption capacity (6.064mg/g), but also had a higher adsorption rate, compared with some other substrate materials commonly used for constructed wetlands. Coupled with the lightweight characteristic of aerated concrete, the imagination of the secondary purification pond was likely to be formed. If the imagination turns into a reality, it will not only effectively purify sewage emissions from the constructed wetland forever, but also realize the resource utilization of large quantities of aerated concrete waste residues resulting from the construction process.
In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Pigment Extracted from Fruits of Padus racemosa and Padus virginiana
Authors: Ren Jian , Wang Zhen Yu
Published: January 2011

The total anthocyanin content (TAC) of pigment extracted from fruits of Padus racemosa and Padus virginiana was determined by pH-differential method. TAC in pigment from fruits of Padus racemosa was higher than that in Padus virginiana. The vitro antioxidant activity of the two kinds of pigment was evaluated by different assays, including DPPH• assay, ABTS•+assay, OH• assay and reducing power assay. The results showed that except for reducing power, pigment from fruit of Padus racemosa showed stronger ABTS•+, DPPH• and OH• radical scavenging activity than pigment from fruit of Padus virginiana. The study concluded that pigment extracted from fruit of Padus racemosa and Padus virginiana can be used as a source of natural antioxidants instead of synthetic antioxidants.
An Environmentally Sound Usage of both Coal Mining Residue and Sludge
Authors: Qian Kui Mei , Zhang Li , Wang Li Ping
Published: January 2011

This study reported the test done on coal gangue-fly ash-sludge mixture for mine wasteland reclamation in pot experiments. According to the characteristic of coal gangue, fly ash and sludge, they were mixed as the complex substrate for reclamation of mine wasteland; meanwhile, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) was also introduced to the reclamation of mine wasteland. The experimental research of the complex substrate and AMF in mine wasteland reclamation was conducted. The results indicated that coal gangue-fly ash-sludge mixture ratio studies revealed that 2: 6: 2 fly ash-coal gangue-sludge mixtures was the optimum mixture ratio that minimized toxic element and provided sufficient nutrients. It resulted that appropriate ratio of the three composite can effectively promote the reclamation, and increase the nutrients absorption of plants, providing a reference for ecological utilization of coal gangue, and fly ash and sludge. In addition, inoculation with AMF in the presence of sludge in mining reclamation was essential for the promotion of plant absorption of nutrients.
Evaluation of Sustainable Development of Typical Small Watershed in Mountain Area - A Case Study of Puwa Small Watershed
Authors: Ren Cui Mei , Duan Wen Biao , Li Ze Yu , Meng Lin , Yang Li
Published: January 2011

With rapid sponsorship and widely spreading of sustainable development theory, the research on the sustainable development indicator systems and its evaluation became increasingly an important issue for small watershed. Small watershed was thought to be the most basic operation unit for watershed sustainable development realization, building its sustainable development indicator system was regarded as the basic approach of realizing its sustainable development. Taking Puwa small watershed as study object, this paper quantitative analysis that the status of small watershed sustainable development by using AHP-PCA method. In this paper, taking AHP-PCA method as a powerful tool, by calculating comprehensive evaluation values of sustainable development as well as objective analysis of the level of sustainable development in different years the sustainable development situation of Puwa small watershed was evaluated. Corresponding strategies were put forward to supply relational decision-making departments with reference.
Study of POSS-Modified ZMS Exchanging Ammonia-Nitrogen in Water with Quantum Chemistry Program Based on DFT
Authors: Wang Di , Zhu Peng , Hu Li Jiang
Published: January 2011

In this work, the mesoporous zeolite molecular sieve (ZMS, SBA-15) was modified by polyhedral ologomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) with sodium carboxylates(-COONa) and sodium sulphonate (-SO3Na) as ion-exchanging active group. With this approach, the capacity of removing ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) in water will be greatly increased because of changing and increasing of active groups. The exchangeing process between NH3-N and the active group in the pore of POSS modified SBA-15 including sodium silanolate (-SiONa), -COONa and -SO3Na was simulated by using Dmol3 program of the Materials Stutio (MS)software which is the quantum chemistry program based on density functional theory (DFT). In the simulation process the transition state of the exchanging reaction was searched with LST/QST algorithm and the activation energy of reaction was calculated. As the results of simulation and calculation, the activation energy of exchanging reaction between NH3-N and sodium sulphonate (-SO3Na) is smallest and the thermal effect of exchanging reaction between NH3-N and -SO3Na is lowest in all exchanging reactions, which means the exchanging reaction between NH3-N and -SO3Na proceeds more easily than others two exchanging reactions. The POSS-SO3Na is a better modifier for SBA-15 to remove NH3-N in water.
The Characteristics of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria Isolated from the Rhizosphere of Wetland Plants
Authors: Jiang Bo , Hu Wen Rong , Pei Hai Yan
Published: January 2011

A total of 8 pure strains of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were collected from the rhizosphere of wetland plants including Arundo donax, Herb of rice galingale and willow. By microscopic observation and color reaction of Griess reagent, two strains of YL-1 and YS-2 were selected as the dominant genus to conduct performance investigation. Bath experiment results demonstrated that YL-1 shows the similar properties with YS-2 on the degradation of ammonia under the conditions of different pH value, ammonia loading and oxygen concentration. Both the two strains all showed excellent adaptability to the conditions of strong alkaline (pH=8.5) and high free ammonia (FA) concentration (18.2 mg/L). In spite of it, the ammonia degradation performance of the two strains to the high ammonia loading was all inhibited by the low DO condition.
Denitrication of Nitrate Nitrogen in Groundwater by Biofilm-Electrode Reactor
Authors: Pang Zhao Hui , Zhang Min , Peng Cai Hong , Zhang Fan
Published: January 2011

The treatment of NO-3-N in groundwater by a biofilm-electrode reactor demonstrated that no matterthe temperature is excessive low or excessive high, the bacteria of denitrification will be controled;when the C/N rate is 1, which is lower than the theoretic value (1.07) the TN and TC can be removed together. The current experiment comfirmed that the current could improve the efficiency of the nitrate removal ratio, and the nitrate’s eliminating ratio relates to the current, The nitrate’s eliminating ratio will be improved when the HRT is longer.
Study on the Circle Economy Mode of Marine Industries in China
Authors: Dai Ying Jie , Zhang Zhuo Ling , Chen De Li , Li Tian Zhu , Yang Run Qing , Wang Xiao Hui , Zhang Ying , Yan Li Long
Published: January 2011

In this study, the marine circular economy mode of marine industries was investigated by using utilization of sea water in combination with thermal power generation. As an ocean state owning a broad sea frontier, China has a very great potential in development and utilization of marine resources. It is necessary in development of marine economy to seek for some modes differing from that of traditional terrestrial economy.
A Vision-Based Gap Detection Method during the Placement of Large-Scale Composite Structures
Authors: Cao Li , Chen Wen , Xiao Jun
Published: January 2011

Video processing technology is regarded as a low-cost detection technology in complex environment. Because the placement layer is thin and the surface is complex that causes high detection error and high cost in laser measurement. Two problems must be solved before using it in large-scale composite structures automatic placement. One is to obtain the high-quality and stable image, and the other is to improve efficiency of image processing. In this paper, a method obtaining the high quality placement gap images was studied. It made use of the optical characteristics of composite material’s surface texture. And some parameters were determined by experiments. To reduce the calculation cost of image processing, a placement gap measurement method based on line scanning was also proposed here. The method was effective in our detection experiments on an actual workpiece.
Study of Fluorescence Spectrum for Measurement of Soluble Solids Content in Navel Orange
Authors: Li Jing , Xue Long , Liu Mu Hua , Wang Xiao , Luo Chun Sheng
Published: January 2011

On-line nondestructive estimation of fruit internal quality greatly benefits the consumer and the fruit industry as a whole because it can ensure the safety and processed product consistency. This research was aimed to build prediction model of soluble solids content (SSC) in navel oranges using ultraviolet lamp induced fluorescence technique. Total 254 navel oranges were separated into the calibration set (170 samples) and prediction set (84 samples). The actual SSC of navel oranges were measured using a digital refratometer. A characteristic wavelength range (385-414nm) was found to build a partial least squares (PLS) model for predicting the SSC in navel oranges. The correlation coefficient (r) between the predicted and actual SSC was 0.9161 and 0.8295 for calibration and prediction set, respectively. The root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) and prediction (RMSEP) set was 1.0797 and 1.4283, respectively. The results showed that fluorescence spectrum can nondestructively determine SSC in fruit.
The Seepage Behavior of Composite Geo-Membrane & Cutoff Wall Applied in Three Gorges Project
Authors: Sun Kai Chang
Published: January 2011

The primary objective of this paper is to study the seepage behavior of the cutoff wall and the working mechanism of the composite geo-membrane applied in the second stage cofferdam of the Three Gorges Dam. The mixture proportion of the plastic concrete applied in the cutoff wall is researched and a recommended proportion is put forward. The difference between the composite geo-membrane and single geo-membrane concerning mechanical strength and permeability is detected and reasons which lead to the difference are found. The test results indicate that the mechanical characters of the composite geo-membrane have been improved remarkably. It is demonstrated that the deformation ratio plays an important role in terms of the permeability by bursting test. The behavior of the composite geo-membrane and the effect of the composite materials in different work-stage are studied and the influence of the elasticity of the composite materials on the practical application of the composite geo-membrane is analyzed. It is found that the strength is not just the superposition of the strength of composite materials and membrane.
The New Method for Machining Bigger Holes of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP)
Authors: Ding Jiang Min , Sun Yan Jie , Su Chong
Published: January 2011

The new method is put forward for machining bigger holes of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) in the face of the existent problems. The core drill is applied to machine CFRP from two end-faces according to regular order. The thrust is less than felted intensity between adjacent layers of CFRP in their whole process. Through special experiment, the method is not only economical but also convenient. The finishing workpieces have not defects such as burrs, avulsion and delamination. In addition, its precision and efficiency are very satisfactory to manufacturer.
The Optimization of Free-Form Space Structures Based on Soap Film Property
Authors: Li Na , Lu Jin Yu
Published: January 2011

Combining geometrical characteristics analysis and mechanical properties optimization, this paper presents an optimization approach for free-form space structures based on natural soap film property. The quasi-uniform B-spline surface is applied to express the initial surface, and the prediction technology of tangent vectors is adopted to satisfy the specific geometric configuration requirements. To establish the rational objective surface, the initial surface is treated as soap film and optimized by Young–Laplace equation and dynamic relaxation method. Numerical experimental results demonstrate that the proposed optimization approach is convenient and feasible, and it is effective for shortening the design period of free-form space structures.
Compositive Evaluation for Node Importance of Wireless Network
Authors: Chen Bin , Chen Guo You , Wang Zhi Xue
Published: January 2011

For design and maintenance of wireless network, node importance evaluation is a crucial issue. But if we evaluate it with single index, result may be unilateral. If we evaluate it with different indexes simultaneously, inconsistent of results may occur. To solve these problems, a compositive evaluation method based on radar chart is proposed as well as relevant evaluation indexes. With this method, evaluation indexes are showed graphically and node importance is evaluated from different viewpoints. In this way, a compositive evaluation result can be gotten according to the size of area shaped by connection of these index values in the chart. The Application of the proposed method is showed by an example case.
Numerical Simulation of Interior Flow Field of a Variable Thrust Rocket Engine
Authors: Yue Chun Guo , Chang Xin Long , Yang Shu Jun , Zhang You Hong
Published: January 2011

With the support of powerful calculation ability of computer and Fluent of CFD software, integrative simulation research of the variable thrust liquid propellant rocket engine was developed. Numerical simulation of interior flow field of a variable thrust rocket engine with flux-oriented injector was done. The distributions of pressure, temperature, molar fraction of product and flow mach numbers were attained. By the contrast of the calculation results, the effects of structure parameters and working condition etc. on total whole performance of variable thrust rocket engine were analyzed. The results also provided theoretic references for design and optimization of variable thrust rocket engine.
A Hybrid Fuzzy DEMATEL-VIKOR Method for Product Concept Evaluation
Authors: Lin Xiao Hua , Feng Yi Xiong , Tan Jian Rong , An Xiang Hua
Published: January 2011

The product concept evaluation plays a very important role in product development. It can be considered as multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem. In a MCDM problem, a decision maker has to choose the best alternative that satisfies the evaluation criteria among a set of candidate solutions. This paper introduces a compromise MCDM evaluation model which combines fuzzy DEMATEL and VIKOR methods. The criteria weights are determined based on separate cause-effect assessment of a group of experts using the fuzzy DEMATEL approach. The resulting criteria weights are applied to the decision analysis where the fuzzy VIKOR approach is adopted which determines a compromise solution by using utility weight.
A Novel Human Action Recognition Algorithm Based on Edit Distance
Authors: Yuan He Jin , Wang Cui Ru
Published: January 2011

A novel human action recognition algorithm based on edit distance is proposed in this paper. In the method, the mesh feature of each image in human action sequence is firstly calculated; then the feature vectors are quantized through a rival penalized competitive neural network; and through this processing, the time-sequential image sequences are converted into symbolic sequences. For human action recognition, the observed action is firstly vector quantized with the former competitive neural network; then the normalized edit distances to the training samples are calculated and the action which best matches the observed sequence is chosen as the final category. The experiments on Weizmann dataset demonstrate that our method is effective for human action recognition. The average recognition accuracy can reach above 94%.
The Target Tracking Method Based on Camshift Algorithm Combined with SIFT
Authors: Zhang Jie Yu , Wu Hai Yong , Chen Shu , Xia De Shen
Published: January 2011

Since Camshift algorithm leads to failed tracking results when the color information of the target region is similar with the background or is not precise enough, to solve this problem a tracking method based on Camshift and SIFT was proposed in this paper. In this method, SIFT feature points, which were used to construct the color histogram and the color probability distribution, were extracted from the target region first. Then SIFT points were also extracted from the search region and these two sets of SIFT points were matched. Since the proposed method used the matched SIFT points to properly guide the location of targets, experimental results show that with the new method some more accurate and robust tracking results have been obtained.
Wavelet Image Denoising by Threshold Optimization Based on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zhao Shuang Ping , Li Xiang Wei , Xing Jing Hong , Ye Yan Wen
Published: January 2011

This paper presents a wavelet image denoising method by Threshold optimal based on wavelet transform and genetic algorithm (GA). First, using wavelet transition to a original signal and selecting a wavelet and a level of wavelet decomposition, Then the optimized thresholds of every level of wavelet decomposition will be obtained by genetic algorithms. The high coefficients at every level will be quantized. At last, inverse transition of the coefficients will be processed and we will get the final signals. An optimal image threshold using Genetic Algorithm is proposed. Compared with traditional threshold methods, the proposed method has advantages that it can implement quickly optimal threshold and have good capability and stabilization. The results show that using the proposed method can obtain satisfactory denoising effect.
Elman Neural Network–Based Dynamic Scheduling of Wafer Photolithography Process
Authors: Zhou Bing Hai
Published: January 2011

Photolithography area is usually a bottleneck area in a semiconductor wafer manufacturing system (SWMS). It is difficult to schedule photolithography area on real-time optimally. Here, an Elman neural network (ENN)-based dynamic scheduling method is proposed. An ENN-based sample learning algorithm is proposed for selecting best combination of scheduling rules. To illustrate the feasibility and practicality of the presented method, the simulation experiment is developed. A numerical example is use to evaluate the proposed method. Results of simulation experiments show that the proposed method is effective to schedule a complex wafer photolithography process.
Application of Intelligent Algorithm for Probability Density Estimation
Authors: Zheng Hua , Xie Li , Xiong Jun
Published: January 2011

There is no doubt that probability distribution is primary and important for the risk analyses on financial time series. And various non-Gaussian distributions have become one of focused and unsolved problems, especially for those studies on the real continuous variables. So this paper concentrates on the intelligent algorithm for probability density estimation by Least Squares Support Vector Machines (LS-SVM), and its application on the electricity price. Moreover a practical probability density modeling of electricity price is implemented by LS-SVM. Finally, case studies on the electricity price of New England electricity market have proved the validity of the proposed model.
The Application of Podcasting into TEFL in China
Authors: Chao Cao
Published: January 2011

Podcasting has become an increasingly popular form of instruction in China TEFL. This paper tries to analyzes its features and advantages in English language teaching and learning. Then it proposes a carefully designed package of three podcasting-based learning approaches mainly in accordance with the Digital Natives’ learning habits. And finally it forecasts the bright future of such application and raises some reflective questions.
Bankruptcy Prediction by Genetic Ant Colony Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Yu Dong , Wu Le Nan
Published: January 2011

Corporate bankruptcy is a hot topic in economical research. Traditional methods cannot reach satisfying classification accuracy due to the high dimensional features. In this study, we proposed a novel method based on wrapper-based feature selection. Moreover, a novel genetic ant colony algorithm (GACA) was proposed as the search method, and the rule-based model was employed as the classifier. Stratified K-fold cross validation method was taken as the statistical resampling to reduce overfitting. Simulations take 1,000 runs of each algorithm on the dataset of 800 corporations during the period 2006-2008. The results of the training subset show that the GACA obtains 84.3% success rate, while GA obtains only 48.8% and ACA obtains 22.1% success rate. The results on test subset demonstrate that the mean misclassification error of GACA is only 7.79%, less than those of GA (19.31%) and ACA (23.89%). The average computation time of GACA is only 0.564s compared to the GA (1.203s) and ACA (1.109s).
Hypergraph-Based User Preference Drift Recognition in Contextual Recommendation
Authors: Hu Mu Hai , Cai Shu Qin , Tan Ting Ting
Published: January 2011

The knowledge of preference drift is important to maintain the user’s preference accurate. With the swift development of mobile service the recognition of such knowledge has attracted immense attention in recent times. However, existing research based on clustering is inadequate for the description of item objects with weak N-ary associations. This paper, through the analysis of contextual recommendation, proposes a “hypergraph model” for contextual items. Furthermore, similarities between pair of items, item clusters and the degree of user preference drift are defined. Based on above definitions, a method to discover user preference drift is proposed. In addition two experiments are being carried out to validate its significance.
Research on Reliability Modeling of Cross-Organizational Workflows Based on Hierarchical Colored Petri Nets
Authors: Liu Yong Shan , Shen Yan Qing , Hao Tian Bao
Published: January 2011

To reduce the complexity of cross-organizational workflow modeling and verification, a reliable modeling method of cross-organizational workflows based on hierarchical colored Petri nets is proposed. At the foundation of discussing formal definitions of global and local workflows, the paper develops reliability modeling constraints of cross-organizational workflows from structure to logic. Under these constraints, a top-down cross-organizational workflow model is built. Those substitution transitions which input places were safe in global workflow are refined by reliable local workflows to guarantee the reliability of cross-organizational workflow model.
Soft Sensor Modeling via Support Vector Regression with KICA-Based Feature Extraction
Authors: Liu Yi , Deng Hong Ying , Gao Zeng Liang , Li Ping
Published: January 2011

A novel two-level integrated soft sensor modeling method using kernel independent component analysis (KICA) and support vector regression (SVR) is proposed for chemical processes. In the first level, the KICA approach is adopted to extract information of input variables in the high dimensional feature space. Based on this strategy, the correlation of input variables can be eliminated and thus the complexity is reduced. Then, the model is established using SVR in the second level. The KICA-SVR soft sensor modeling method is applied to estimate product compositions in the Tennessee Eastman process. The obtained results show that it can exhibit better performance, compared to the traditional ICA, principal component analysis (PCA) and kernel PCA based information extraction methods, under different operating conditions.
Research on the Vehicle Routing Problem with Fuzzy Demands
Authors: Xue Lian , Dai Xiao Xia
Published: January 2011

In this paper, the vehicle routing problem with fuzzy demands is considered, and a fuzzy chance constrained programming mathematical model is established based on fuzzy possibility theory. Then fuzzy simulation and differential evolution algorithm are integrated to design a hybrid intelligent algorithm to solve the fuzzy vehicle routing model. Moreover, under the target that the total driving distance of vehicles is the shortest, the influence of the decision-maker’s preference on the final objective of the problem is discussed using the method of stochastic simulation, and the rational range of the preference number is obtained.
Cloud Computing: Cloud Security to Trusted Cloud
Authors: Wu Ji Yi , Shen Qian Li , Zhang Jian Lin , Xie Qi
Published: January 2011

Cloud computing, with exciting market prospects, has a number of potential risks and safety issues to the cloud services users. After an objective analysis of the security challenge and problem, in current cloud computing development, the latest research progress in the field of cloud security were summarized. Finally, the important research directions in the field were pointed out. It’s will be a new trend for the cloud computing and trusted computing technology to integrate..
A Study for the Fabrication of Wall-Shaped Support Spacer in a Field Emission Display Panel
Authors: Guo Qiang , Li Yu Kui
Published: January 2011

Using insulation slurry as composite material, the wall-shaped support spacer was designed and fabricated on the cathode back-plane. In the fabrication course of support spacer, the high effective screen-printing technique was employed to prepare the insulation slurry layer on the separation layer surface of cathode back-plane. And the conventional sintering process was utilized to solidify the printed insulation slurry layer subsequently. Many insulation slurry layers were sintered and stacked to form the support spacer arranged in equilateral triangle form. The carbon nanotube was used as field emitter, and the field emission display panel was fabricated and sealed with glass frit, which possessed good field emission characteristics and better image uniformity.
Exploring the Structure of the Crisis Management Team
Authors: Shi Jian Xi , Cui Yan
Published: January 2011

The purpose of this article is to introduce a new perspective into the crisis management team rather than to focus on how to train the crisis management team like many recent researches. This paper adds product-line employees, shareholders, customer representatives, government officials to the crisis management team and use the modified nominal group technique in the decision-making process, which improves the efficiency of the team.
Moving Horizon Model Inversion for Nonlinear ILC
Authors: Xu Gang , Volckaert Marnix , Swevers Jan , Zhou Hong
Published: January 2011

A new moving horizon model inversion method based on numerical optimization is presented to calculate the system input for a given system model and system output. It uses the moving horizon idea from Model Predictive Control (MPC) by using a moving and fixed-size window to inverse the data points in the current window using the initial states information (for the first window) or the last updated control point’s states information in the previous window. The approach can handle both linear and nonlinear systems, and also the sudden changes in system dynamics. Another advantage of this approach is its high computational efficiency when you have a long data record. The model inversion approach can be used in iterative learning control to refine the input to make the response of the system match the reference trajectory as close as possible.
Research on the Complex Adaptive Model of Learning Organizational Change
Authors: Peng Ying , Hou Jin Ling , Wang Jing
Published: January 2011

Since the 90s of last century, learning organization as a new organizational mode is highly prized by the management scholars all over the world. It is considered as a new trend and an ideal mode of the global organizational management in the knowledge economy era. In consideration of learning organizations with attributes of complex system, the theory of complex adaptive system provides a possible route on methodology for the study of its organizational change. This paper starts from the view of complex adaptive system theory, analyzes the initiative, adaptability of the learning organization and its interaction with the environment. It assumes that with the constant change of the performance parameters, functions and attributes of the organization, the entire organization mode and the structure will also change. Furthermore by constructing a complex adaptive model of learning organization, this paper elaborates the organizational change process, and extracts the information communication, organizational mood, leadership style and organizational knowledge as the impact indicators. The conclusion of this research has some significance as reference for those who try to improve the level of the adaptability of organizations in the various changing environment.
Research on Logistics Informationization of Enterprises
Authors: Zhang Qing Hua
Published: January 2011

Enterprise logistics informationization is the certain trend of the development of modern logistics. The paper objectively analyzes the main problems in enterprises logistics informationization, and discusses the countermeasures and suggestions for promoting the development of logistics informationization. Logistics informationization involves with the logistics informationization of the whole society and the development of the whole logistics industry, so enterprises, governments, industrial societies and related units shall take an active part in the realization of this object, explore a development road suitable for our national situations, and realize the ultimate target gradually step by step.
Constructional Approaches on Vector-Valued Wavelets with Multi-Scale Dilation Factor
Authors: Chen Qing Jiang , Zhao Jian Tang
Published: January 2011

In this work, the notion of vector-valued multiresolution analysis and biort- ogonal vector–valued wavelets is introduced. The existence of finitely supported biorthogonal vector-valued wavelets associated with a pair of biorthogonal finitely supported vector-valued scaling functions is investigated. A new method for construc- -ting a class of biorthogonal finitely supported vector-valued wavelet functions is presented by using multiresolution analysis and matrix theory. A sufficient condition for the existence of multiple pseudoframes for subspaces is derived
The Distributed Workflow Engine Model Design of the Space Test and Launch
Authors: Du Xiao Ping , Song Jian Jun , Li Xin , Zeng De Xian , Zhao Yang Sheng
Published: January 2011

Workflow technologies are becoming pervasive in the area of space. They enable the execution of space business processes in distributed and ubiquitous computing environments. However, there are some problems such as cross-platform workflow which need to be solved urgently in space test and launch. Aiming at enhancing the efficiency of space test and launch, the distributed workflow engine model of the space test and launch based on JMX was designed. And the workflow engine routing control algorithm was proposed. At last, the performance of the workflow engine system was analyzed. The model was applied in a launch base successfully. The actual operation tests show that: the proposed design model was rational and effective. It enabled changing the engine process dynamically and enhancing the flexibility of the engine system. Furthermore, it enabled setting workflow engines according to the task and application of the test and launch departments. The performance and efficiency of the space test and launch system was improved greatly.
Distributed Multi-Source Spatial Data Fusion Model Construction and Performance Evaluation
Authors: He Yue Shun , Zhang Jun , He Jie
Published: January 2011

This paper mainly analyzed the principle of multi-source spatial data fusion, and expounded the multi-source spatial data fusion of the distributed model structure. The paper considers a distributed multi-sensor information fusion system factors, A performance evaluation model was established which was suitable for distributed multi-sensor information fusion system, It can estimate the system's precision, track quality, filtering quality, and the relevant between Navigation Paths and so on. Meanwhile, we had a lot of experiments by the datum which generated by the simulation test environment, experiments show that this evaluation model is valid.
Fault Diagnosis Expert System of Automobile Engine Based on Neural Networks
Authors: Jiang Lu Lu , Ni Yong , Tang Li Hong , He Yong
Published: January 2011

his paper reports a practical approach for detecting and diagnose engine faults in real-time based on both the historical and the real-time engine operation data using a specially design neural networks-based fault diagnosis expert system. This system consisted of multiple sensors for real-time monitoring, an engine database for historic data comparison, and a neural network-bases classifier for detecting faults based on both the real-time and the historic data. This neural network-based engine fault diagnosis system was evaluated in a series of validation tests. The results indicated that the system was capable to detect the predefined faults reliably, and the diagnosis error was less than 5%.
Prediction of the Flow Stress of 00Cr17Ni14Mo2 Steel during Hot Deformation
Authors: Hao Nan Hai , Pan Shao Wei
Published: January 2011

The knowledge of the flow behavior of metals during hot deformation is of great importance in determining the optimum forming conditions. In this paper, the flow stress of 00Cr17Ni14Mo2 (ANSI 316L) austenitic stainless steel in elevated temperature is measured with compression deformation tests. The temperatures at which the steel is compressed are 800-1100°C with strain rates of 0.01-1s-1. A mathematical regression model is proposed to describe the flow stress and the validation of the model is conducted also. The proposed model can be used to predict the corresponding flow stress-strain response of 00Cr17Ni14Mo2 stainless steel in elevated temperature for the numerical simulation and design of forming process.