bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enablers and barriers of harnessing food waste to address food insecurity: a scoping review
Authors: Lai Matthew , Rangan Anna , Grech Amanda
Published: February 2022

Despite producing sufficient food for the global population, the growing prevalence of food insecurity in developed countries is cause for concern. The millions of metric tons of food wasted each year could be used instead to drastically lower rates of food insecurity and address food sustainability. In this scoping review, we aimed to identify barriers to and enablers of harnessing food waste across food sectors, including food retail, households, and food rescue organizations, to address food insecurity in a developed country, Australia. The findings demonstrate that research on and responsibility for harnessing food waste for food insecurity has predominantly fallen on ill-equipped food rescue organizations. Three primary policy advancements paramount to harnessing food waste to address food insecurity include (1) improving partnerships and subsidies to minimize transportation costs for redistributing imperfect or surplus food from farmers and retailers to those who with food insecurity; (2) enhancing existing partnerships and subsidies to stably involve more nutrition experts in food rescue organizations to improve the quality of foods being redistributed to those facing food insecurity; and (3) initiating interventions and campaigns that combine the following 5 characteristics: free to the participants; address food literacy; use multiple mass-media tools; are age tailored; and frame messages within personal values.
Genome-wide data reveal paraphyly in the sand plover complex (Charadrius mongolus/leschenaultii)
Authors: Wei Chentao , Schweizer Manuel , Tomkovich Pavel S , Arkhipov Vladimir Yu , Romanov Michael , Martinez Jonathan , Lin Xin , Halimubieke Naerhulan , Que Pinjia , Mu Tong , Huang Qin , Zhang Zhengwang , Székely Tamás , Liu Yang
Published: February 2022

Correct assessment of species limits and phylogenetic relationships is a prerequisite for studies in ecology and evolution. Even in well-studied groups such as birds, species delimitation often remains controversial. Traditional avian taxonomy is usually based on morphology, which might be misleading because of the contingent nature of evolutionary diversification. The sand plover complex (genus Charadrius) may be such an example wherein 2 Lesser Sand Plover C. mongolus subspecies groups have been proposed to comprise 2 species. We use genome-wide data of 765K SNPs to show that the widely accepted taxonomic treatment of this sand plover complex appears to be a paraphyletic grouping, with two Lesser Sand Plover subspecies groups found not to be each other’s closest relatives, and with the mongolus subspecies group being the sister taxon of Greater Sand Plover C. leschenaultii. Based on genomic and acoustic analyses, we propose a three-way split of the Sand Plover complex into the Siberian Sand Plover C. mongolus, Tibetan Sand Plover C. atrifrons, and Greater Sand Plover C. leschenaultii. The similar sizes of the Siberian and Tibetan Sand plovers may be the result of niche conservatism coupled with rapid morphological and ecological differentiation in the Greater Sand Plover. Gene flow between the non-sister Tibetan and Greater Sand plovers might have happened in phases of secondary contact as a consequence of climate-driven range expansions. We call for further studies of the Sand Plover complex, and suggest that speciation with intermittent gene flow is more common in birds than currently acknowledged.
Activity of the post-nova V1363 Cygni on long timescales
Authors: Šimon Vojtěch
Published: February 2022

V1363 Cyg is a cataclysmic variable (CV) and a post-nova. Our analysis of its long-term optical activity used the archival data from the AAVSO database and literature. We showed that the accretion disk of V1363 Cyg is exposed to the thermal-viscous instability (TVI) for at least part of the time. The time fraction spent in the high state or the outbursts dramatically changed on the timescale of decades. The highly variable brightness of V1363 Cyg displayed several episodes of a strong brightening (bumps in the light curve) from a cool disk in the TVI zone. This can be interpreted to mean their vastly discrepant decay rates show that only some of these bumps can be attributed to the dwarf nova outbursts without strong irradiation of the disk by the hot white dwarf. The Bailey relation of the decay rate, if ascribed to a DN outburst of V1363 Cyg, speaks in favor of its orbital period Porb being very long for a CV, about 20–40 h. A dominant cycle length of about 435 d was present in the brightness changes all the time, even when the disk was well inside the TVI zone. We interpret it as modulation of the companion’s mass outflow by differential rotation of the active region(s).
The Impact of Car Pollution on Infant and Child Health: Evidence from Emissions Cheating
Authors: Alexander Diane , Schwandt Hannes
Published: February 2022

In 2008, Volkswagen introduced a new generation of “Clean Diesel” cars and heavily marketed them to environmentally conscious US consumers. Unknown to the public, these cars were anything but clean, emitting pollutants up to 150 times the level of comparable gas-fuelled cars. We study the rollout of these emissions-cheating diesel cars across the United States from 2008 to 2015 as a natural experiment to examine the impact of moderate levels of car pollution on infant and child health in the general population. Using the universe of vehicle registrations, we find that an additional cheating diesel car per 1,000 cars increases $\mathrm{PM_{2.5}}$, $\mathrm{PM_{10}}$, and ozone by 2, 2.2, and 1.3$\%$, respectively, while the low birth weight rate and infant mortality rate increase by 1.9 and 1.7$\%$, respectively. Similar impacts are found for acute asthma attacks in children. These health impacts occur at all pollution levels and across the socioeconomic spectrum.
Facial Emotion Recognition in Psychosis and Associations With Polygenic Risk for Schizophrenia: Findings From the Multi-Center EU-GEI Case–Control Study
Authors: Tripoli Giada , Quattrone Diego , Ferraro Laura , Gayer-Anderson Charlotte , La Cascia Caterina , La Barbera Daniele , Sartorio Crocettarachele , Seminerio Fabio , Rodriguez Victoria , Tarricone Ilaria , Berardi Domenico , Jamain Stéphane , Arango Celso , Tortelli Andrea , Llorca Pierre-Michel , de Haan Lieuwe , Velthorst Eva , Bobes Julio , Bernardo Miquel , Sanjuán Julio , Luis Santos Jose , Arrojo Manuel , Marta Del-Ben Cristina , Rossi Menezes Paulo , van der Ven Els , Jones Peter B , Jongsma Hannah E , Kirkbride James B , Tosato Sarah , Lasalvia Antonio , Richards Alex , O’Donovan Michael , Rutten Bart P F , van Os Jim , Morgan Craig , Sham Pak C , Di Forti Marta , Murray Robin M , Murray Graham K
Published: February 2022

Background and Hypothesis

Facial Emotion Recognition is a key domain of social cognition associated with psychotic disorders as a candidate intermediate phenotype. In this study, we set out to investigate global and specific facial emotion recognition deficits in first-episode psychosis, and whether polygenic liability to psychotic disorders is associated with facial emotion recognition.

Study Design

828 First Episode Psychosis (FEP) patients and 1308 population-based controls completed assessments of the Degraded Facial Affect Recognition Task (DFAR) and a subsample of 524 FEP and 899 controls provided blood or saliva samples from which we extracted DNA, performed genotyping and computed polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MD).

Study Results

A worse ability to globally recognize facial emotion expressions was found in patients compared with controls [B= −1.5 (0.6), 95% CI −2.7 to −0.3], with evidence for stronger effects on negative emotions (fear [B = −3.3 (1.1), 95% CI −5.3 to −1.2] and anger [B = −2.3 (1.1), 95% CI −4.6 to −0.1]) than on happiness [B = 0.3 (0.7), 95% CI −1 to 1.7]. Pooling all participants, and controlling for confounds including case/control status, facial anger recognition was associated significantly with Schizophrenia Polygenic Risk Score (SZ PRS) [B = −3.5 (1.7), 95% CI −6.9 to −0.2].

Conclusions

Psychosis is associated with impaired recognition of fear and anger, and higher SZ PRS is associated with worse facial anger recognition. Our findings provide evidence that facial emotion recognition of anger might play a role as an intermediate phenotype for psychosis.
Polysomnographic analysis of maternal sleep position and its relationship to pregnancy complications and sleep-disordered breathing
Authors: Wilson Danielle L , Fung Alison M , Pell Gabrielle , Skrzypek Hannah , Barnes Maree , Bourjeily Ghada , Walker Susan P , Howard Mark E
Published: February 2022

Links between supine “going to sleep” position and stillbirth risk have led to campaigns regarding safe maternal sleep position. This study profiles the distribution of sleep positions overnight and relationships to sleep onset position during pregnancy, and the relationships between supine sleep, sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), and pregnancy outcomes. Data from three prospective cohort studies evaluating SDB in healthy and complicated pregnancies were pooled. All participants underwent one night of polysomnography in late pregnancy and birth outcome data were collected. 187 women underwent polysomnography at a median gestation of 34 weeks'. The left lateral position was preferred for falling asleep (52%) compared to supine (14%), but sleep onset position was the dominant sleep position overnight in only half (54%) of women. The median percentage of sleep time in the supine position was 24.2%; women who fell asleep supine spent more time supine overnight compared to those who began non-supine (48.0% (30.0,65.9) vs. 22.6% (5.7,32.2), p < .001). Women with growth-restricted fetuses were more likely to fall asleep supine than those with well-grown fetuses (36.6% vs. 7.5%, p < .001). Positional SDB was observed in 46% of those with an RDI ≥ 5. Sleep onset position was the dominant position overnight for half of the sample, suggesting that sleep onset position is not always a reliable indicator of body position overnight. Supine sleep was related to fetal growth restriction and birthweight at delivery, though causality cannot be inferred. It is critical that we pursue research into verifying the important relationship between supine sleep and increased stillbirth risk, and the mechanisms behind it.
Premedication with Fentanyl for Less Invasive Surfactant Application (LISA): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sk Habibullah , Saha Bijan , Mukherjee Suchandra , Hazra Avijit
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Currently, there is no consensus regarding analgesic premedication before the surfactant administration by less invasive surfactant application (LISA) procedure. In this randomized controlled trial, we compared the level of comfort of preterm infants receiving fentanyl as analgesic and sedative versus no fentanyl during LISA procedure.

Methods

We randomized 34 preterm infants of 28+0–33+6 weeks of gestation with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) within 6 h of birth to receive either fentanyl (1 μg/kg intravenous) or no premedication during surfactant administration by LISA procedure. Primary objective was to assess the proportion of preterm infants to be comfortable during the procedure [revised premature infant pain profile (R-PIPP) score ≤12] and secondarily complications occurring during the procedure, hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) (≥ grade 3), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and composite outcome of BPD/mortality.

Results

Proportion of preterm infants with a R-PIPP score ≤12 during LISA was significantly higher in the fentanyl group [15/17 (88.23%) vs. 8/17 (47.05%); p value 0.025]. There were no differences in secondary outcome parameters.

Conclusion

Low-dose fentanyl during LISA procedure resulted in more comfort in preterm infants and without increased complication of both the LISA procedure and fentanyl administration. Further studies are needed to determine the safest and most effective pharmacologic measures to prevent pain and discomfort during LISA.
Syndesmotic Injury in Tibial Plafond Fractures Is Associated With Worse Patient Outcomes
Authors: Christensen Garrett V. , Wheelwright John C. , Rothberg David L. , Higgins Thomas F. , Marchand Lucas S. , Haller Justin M.
Published: February 2022

Objectives:

To present long-term patient-reported outcomes of tibial plafond fractures with and without concomitant ankle syndesmotic injury.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:

Academic Level 1 trauma center.

Patients/Participants:

One hundred ninety-seven patients with tibial plafond fractures (OTA/AO 43-B and 43-C) treated with definitive surgical fixation were contacted by telephone or email to obtain patient-reported outcome scores at a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Of those contacted, 148 (75%) had an intact syndesmosis, whereas 49 (25%) experienced a syndesmotic injury.

Intervention:

The intervention involved open reduction internal fixation of the tibial plafond with syndesmosis repair when indicated.

Main Outcome Measurement:

The main outcome measurement included patient-reported ankle pain and function using Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) pain interference and physical function (PF).

Results:

The cohort including patients with syndesmotic injury had significantly more open fractures (syndesmotic injury = 39%, no syndesmotic injury = 16%, P = 0.001), higher rates of end-stage reconstruction (syndesmotic injury = 27%, no syndesmotic injury = 10%, P = 0.004), and worse PROMIS PF (syndesmotic injury = 42.5 [SD = 8.0], no syndesmotic injury = 47.1 [SD = 9.6], P = 0.045) scores at final follow-up when compared with the cohort comprising patients with no syndesmotic injury. Patients with syndesmotic injury trended toward higher rates of postoperative infection, but this association was not statistically significant. There was no difference between the groups in nonunion or PROMIS pain interference scores.

Conclusion:

Patients with a tibial plafond fracture and concomitant syndesmotic injury had significantly worse PROMIS PF scores, more end-stage ankle reconstructions, and more open fractures. Syndesmotic injury in the setting of tibial plafond fractures portends worse patient outcomes.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Radiographic Scoring of Humeral Shaft Fractures Helps Identify Patients at Risk of Surgery for Delayed Union
Authors: Rivero Steven M. , Kurland Adam M. , Abdo Zuhdi E. , Vosbikian Michael M. , Ahmed Irfan H.
Published: February 2022

Objectives:

Assessing external validity and clinical relevance of modified radiographic union score (mRUS) to predict delayed union in closed humeral shaft fractures initially treated with conservative management.

Design:

Retrospective cohort.

Setting:

Single urban academic level 1 trauma center.

Patients:

Patients undergoing initial nonoperative treatment of a humeral shaft fracture with a minimum of 3 months follow-up and at least one set of follow-up orthogonal x-rays within 12-weeks of injury.

Main Outcome Measurements:

Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the (mRUS) system for humeral shaft fractures, and establishing an mRUS threshold at 6 and 12 weeks postinjury to predict surgery for delayed union.

Results:

mRUS demonstrated substantial interobserver agreement on all assessments. Intraobserver agreement was nearly perfect for all reviewers on repeat assessment. mRUS of ≤7 at 6 ± 1 weeks follow-up was associated with surgery for delayed union with an odds ratio of 4.88 (95% CI, 2.52–9.44, P < 0.01), sensitivity of 0.286, and specificity of 0.924. At 12 ± 1 weeks follow-up, the same threshold demonstrated a stronger association with an odds ratio of 14.7 (95% CI, 4.9–44.1, P < 0.01), sensitivity of 0.225, and specificity of 0.981.

Conclusions:

The mRUS for humeral shaft fractures is reliable and reproducible providing an objective way to track subtle changes in radiographs over time. An mRUS of ≤7 at 6 or 12 weeks postinjury is highly specific for delayed union. This can be helpful when counseling patients about the risk of nonunion and potential early surgical intervention.

Level of Evidence:

Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Effects of Prone Position on Lung Recruitment and Ventilation-Perfusion Matching in Patients With COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Combined CT Scan/Electrical Impedance Tomography Study*
Authors: Fossali Tommaso , Pavlovsky Bertrand , Ottolina Davide , Colombo Riccardo , Basile Maria Cristina , Castelli Antonio , Rech Roberto , Borghi Beatrice , Ianniello Andrea , Flor Nicola , Spinelli Elena , Catena Emanuele , Mauri Tommaso
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVES:

Prone positioning allows to improve oxygenation and decrease mortality rate in COVID-19–associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (C-ARDS). However, the mechanisms leading to these effects are not fully understood. The aim of this study is to assess the physiologic effects of pronation by the means of CT scan and electrical impedance tomography (EIT).

DESIGN:

Experimental, physiologic study.

SETTING:

Patients were enrolled from October 2020 to March 2021 in an Italian dedicated COVID-19 ICU.

PATIENTS:

Twenty-one intubated patients with moderate or severe C-ARDS.

INTERVENTIONS:

First, patients were transported to the CT scan facility, and image acquisition was performed in prone, then supine position. Back to the ICU, gas exchange, respiratory mechanics, and ventilation and perfusion EIT-based analysis were provided toward the end of two 30 minutes steps (e.g., in supine, then prone position).

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:

Prone position induced recruitment in the dorsal part of the lungs (12.5% ± 8.0%; p < 0.001 from baseline) and derecruitment in the ventral regions (–6.9% ± 5.2%; p < 0.001). These changes led to a global increase in recruitment (6.0% ± 6.7%; p < 0.001). Respiratory system compliance did not change with prone position (45 ± 15 vs 45 ± 18 mL/cm H2O in supine and prone position, respectively; p = 0.957) suggesting a decrease in atelectrauma. This hypothesis was supported by the decrease of a time-impedance curve concavity index designed as a surrogate for atelectrauma (1.41 ± 0.16 vs 1.30 ± 0.16; p = 0.001). Dead space measured by EIT was reduced in the ventral regions of the lungs, and the dead-space/shunt ratio decreased significantly (5.1 [2.3–23.4] vs 4.3 [0.7–6.8]; p = 0.035), showing an improvement in ventilation-perfusion matching.

CONCLUSIONS:

Several changes are associated with prone position in C-ARDS: increased lung recruitment, decreased atelectrauma, and improved ventilation-perfusion matching. These physiologic effects may be associated with more protective ventilation.
Sex Differences in Treatment of Adult Intensive Care Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Modra Lucy J. , Higgins Alisa M. , Abeygunawardana Vihangi S. , Vithanage Ruvini N. , Bailey Michael J. , Bellomo Rinaldo
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVES:

To evaluate and synthesize the available literature on sex differences in the treatment of adult ICU patients.

DATA SOURCES:

MEDLINE and EMBASE.

STUDY SELECTION:

Two reviewers independently screened publications to identify observational studies of adult ICU patients that explicitly examined the association between sex and ICU treatment—specifically, mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, and length of stay.

DATA EXTRACTION:

We extracted data independently and in duplicate: mean age, illness severity, use of mechanical ventilation and renal replacement therapy, and length of stay in ICU and hospital. We assessed risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We used a DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences between women and men.

DATA SYNTHESIS:

We screened 4,098 publications, identifying 21 eligible studies with 545,538 participants (42.7% women). The study populations ranged from 246 to 261,255 participants (median 4,420). Most studies (76.2%) were at high risk of bias in at least one domain, most commonly representativeness or comparability. Women were less likely than men to receive invasive mechanical ventilation (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.77–0.89; I
2 = 90.4%) or renal replacement therapy (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.70–0.90; I
2 = 76.2%). ICU length of stay was shorter in women than men (mean difference, –0.24 d; 95% CI, –0.37 to –0.12; I
2 = 89.9%). These findings persisted in meta-analysis of data adjusted for illness severity and other confounders and also in sensitivity analysis excluding studies at high risk of bias. There was no significant sex difference in duration of mechanical ventilation or hospital length of stay.

CONCLUSIONS:

Women were less likely than men to receive mechanical ventilation or renal replacement therapy and had shorter ICU length of stay than men. There is substantial heterogeneity and risk of bias in the literature; however, these findings persisted in sensitivity analyses.
Lung-Dependent Areas Collapse, Monitored by Electrical Impedance Tomography, May Predict the Oxygenation Response to Prone Ventilation in COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Cardinale Michael , Boussen Salah , Cungi Pierre-Julien , Esnault Pierre , Mathais Quentin , Bordes Julien , Meaudre Eric , Goutorbe Philippe
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVES:

ICUs have had to deal with a large number of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome COVID-19, a significant number of whom received prone ventilation, which is a substantial consumer of care time. The selection of patients that we have to ventilate in prone position seems interesting. We evaluate the correlation between the percentage of collapsed dependent lung areas in the supine position, monitoring by electrical impedance tomography and the oxygenation response (change in Pao
2/Fio
2 ratio) to prone position.

DESIGN:

An observational prospective study.

SETTING:

From October 21, 2020, to 30 March 30, 2021. At the Sainte Anne military teaching Hospital and the Timone University Hospital.

PATIENTS:

Fifty consecutive patients admitted in our ICUs, with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome and required mechanical, were included. Twenty-four (48%) received prone ventilation. Fifty-eight prone sessions were investigated.

INTERVENTIONS:

An electrical impedance tomography recording was made in supine position, daily and repeated just before and just after the prone session. The daily dependent area collapse was calculated in relation to the previous electrical impedance tomography recording. Prone ventilation response was defined as a Pao
2/Fio
2 ratio improvement greater than 20%.

MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS:

The main outcome was the correlation between dependent area collapse and the oxygenation response to prone ventilation. Dependent area collapse was correlated with oxygenation response to prone ventilation (R
2 = 0.49) and had a satisfactory prediction accuracy of prone response with an area under the curve of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.87–1.00; p < 0.001). Best Youden index was obtained for a dependent area collapse greater than 13.5 %. Sensitivity of 92% (95% CI, 78–97), a specificity of 91% (95% CI, 72–97), a positive predictive value of 94% (95% CI, 88–100), a negative predictive value of 87% (95% CI, 78–96), and a diagnostic accuracy of 91% (95% CI, 84–98).

CONCLUSIONS:

Dependent lung areas collapse (> 13.5%), monitored by electrical impedance tomography, has an excellent positive predictive value (94%) of improved oxygenation during prone ventilation.
Troponin Testing in Adult Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department for Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia: A Review
Authors: Gabrielli Maurizio , Cucurachi Riccardo , Lamendola Priscilla , Candelli Marcello , Pignataro Giulia , Del Bono Grazia , Franceschi Francesco
Published: February 2022

International guidelines define paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) as all supraventricular tachyarrhythmias other than atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. Associate symptoms, such as chest pain and dyspnea, and possible ECG changes during arrhythmia, such as ST depression, may suggest to the emergency physician a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and thus lead to a request for troponin (cTn) level. Here, we provide a comprehensive synthesis covering published literature on the diagnostic and prognostic role of cTn in patients admitted to Emergency Department (ED) for an episode of PSVT. We performed an extensive evaluation article written in English and available in PubMed and Web of Science by using the following Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): “paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia” AND/OR “supraventricular tachycardia” AND “Troponin” AND “Emergency Department” AND/OR “coronary artery disease”. We also performed hand searching of reference lists of selected articles. A total of 17 articles were finally included. There was great variability about study design, setting and criteria for the definition of PSVT and/or type of troponin. Troponin levels were measured frequently (up to 79%) in patients admitted to ED for PSVT. About 30% of them showed cTn elevation. This elevation appears not to be associated with the presence of CAD. However, c-Tn measurements could retain utility in stratifying those with poorer prognosis among PSVT patients with an elevated cardiovascular risk profile.
Development and Validation of an LC-MS/MS Method to Quantify Gilteritinib and Its Clinical Application in Patients With FLT3 Mutation–Positive Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Zhang Mengyu , Tajima Soichiro , Suetsugu Kimitaka , Hirota Takeshi , Tsuchiya Yuichi , Yamauchi Takuji , Yoshimoto Goichi , Miyamoto Toshihiro , Egashira Nobuaki , Akashi Koichi , Ieiri Ichiro
Published: February 2022

Background:

Gilteritinib, a novel oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is used to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) mutations. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of gilteritinib is important for improving clinical outcomes and ensuring safety. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a simplified method for quantifying gilteritinib in human plasma using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.

Methods:

Liquid chromatography was performed by using an Acquity BEH C18 column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) and a gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid in water (A) and acetonitrile (B). Detection was performed by using a Shimadzu tandem mass spectrometer through multiple reaction monitoring in the positive-ion mode.

Results:

The developed method enabled quantification of gilteritinib in 4 minutes and was validated by evaluating selectivity, calibration curve (10–1000 ng/mL, r2 > 0.99), a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), accuracy (overall bias −4.2% to 1.9%), precision (intraday CV ≤ 7.9%; interday CV ≤ 13.6%), carryover, recovery, matrix effect, dilution integrity, and stability according to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines. This method was successfully applied to the TDM of gilteritinib trough concentrations in 3 patients with AML.

Conclusions:

The developed method fulfilled the FDA guideline criteria and can easily be implemented to facilitate TDM in patients receiving gilteritinib in a clinical setting.
A Delphi Study to Establish Research Priorities for Neuroscience Nursing
Authors: Bautista Cynthia , Hinkle Janice L. , Alexander Sheila , Hundt Beth , Rhudy Lori
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Establishing research priorities is essential not only to support evidence-based nursing practice but also to direct research agendas for nursing organizations such as the American Association of Neuroscience Nursing. METHODS: A 6-member Research Agenda Task Force selected potential research priorities based on a literature search of neuroscience nursing research. Using a 2-round, modified Delphi methodology, electronic surveys were distributed to 53 neuroscience nursing experts to gain consensus on the research priorities for neuroscience nursing. Survey data included demographics, agreement with selected gaps in neuroscience nursing research, and impact of selected neuroscience nursing research topics on the field. RESULTS: Twenty-six of 53 experts (49% response rate) participated in round 1, and 30 of 53 experts (57% response rate) participated in round 2. In round 1, the Research Agenda Task Force members revised the list of gaps in neuroscience nursing research to include only the top 39 ranked topics with greater than or equal to 73% agreement, created a new category “Professional Practice Issues,” and added 1 additional topic. In round 2, 14 topics were ranked greater than or equal to 70% impactful and identified as the top neuroscience nursing research priorities. CONCLUSION: The results of this study served as an effort for creating research priorities and enhancing research collaboration that focuses on neuroscience nursing. Focusing on gaps in the literature and setting research priorities can ultimately improve patient outcomes. Neuroscience nursing research priorities can be used to inform, guide, and aid nurse scientists, educators, and providers, and to inform agencies that provide research and program funding.
Research Priority Setting: The Current Landscape of Neuroscience Nursing Research
Authors: Hinkle Janice L. , Alexander Sheila , Avanecean Donna , Batten Janene , Bautista Cynthia , Hundt Beth , Rhudy Lori
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: The American Association of Neuroscience Nurses established a 6-member Research Agenda Task Force in 2019 to identify neuroscience nursing research priorities to lead the field for the next 3 to 5 years. An early step in the process was a literature search to gain an understanding of the current landscape of neuroscience nursing research. METHODS: A search strategy was developed to locate relevant neuroscience nursing research. An experienced medical librarian performed a comprehensive systematic search of multiple databases. Task force members then further refined the search. A separate search was conducted to locate published research by 21 known neuroscience nurse researchers. RESULTS: An initial search located 466 qualitative articles and 1243 quantitative articles, with a further 655 articles published by known neuroscience nurse researchers. All 2364 citations were reviewed by task force members of the working in pairs to screen titles and abstracts for relevance. Nine categories of neuroscience nursing research were identified: quality of life, nursing practice, biomarkers, health promotion, professional development, technology, nursing care outcomes, assessment, and caregivers. Most of the research used descriptive methods, including both quantitative and qualitative methods of inquiry, providing a foundation for more rigorous investigation and interventional research. Research following stroke and the critical care setting were most prevalent. DISCUSSION: New and emerging trends in neuroscience nursing research include the use of technology, biomarkers, lay caregivers, strategies, and tools, including measure development for neurological assessment, and the evaluation of nursing practice including the practice environment and advanced practice nurse providers. Gaps were also evident. CONCLUSION: There is a significant need to expand neuroscience nursing in areas of emerging trends and to use rigorous methods to evaluate nursing practice effects on patient outcomes. The results of this search were used to revise the neuroscience nursing priorities last determined in 2011.
Risk Factors of Skilled Nursing Facility Admissions and the Interrelation With Hospitalization and Amount of Informal Caregiving Received
Authors: Cao Yi , Allore Heather , Gutman Roee , Vander Wyk Brent , Jørgensen Terese S.H.
Published: February 2022

Background:

The correlations between skilled nursing facility (SNF) admissions, number of hospitalizations, and informal caregiving hours received after adjusting for physical and cognitive function and sociodemographic covariates are not well understood.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to better understand risk factors for SNF admissions and the interrelation with hospitalizations and amount of informal caregiving received, this study applied a novel joint modeling analysis to simultaneously explore the correlation and shared information between the 3 outcomes.

Research Design:

This was an observational follow-up study.

Subjects:

Data from 4836 older Americans included in the 2011–2015 rounds of the National Health and Aging Trends Study were linked with Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.

Measures:

We jointly modeled SNF admission, hospital admissions, and informal caregiving hours received while accounting for possible risk factors. We addressed missing values by multiple imputation with chained equations.

Results:

SNF admission evidenced a strong positive correlation with hospital admission, and SNF admission evidenced a weak positive correlation with the informal caregiving hours received after adjustment for important risk factors. Non-Hispanic White race/ethnicity, living alone, not being Medicaid eligible, Alzheimer disease and related dementias diagnosis, activities of daily living disabilities, and frailty were associated with increased risk of SNF admissions and any/number of hospital admission. Lower educational level was also associated with the latter. Medicaid eligibility was the only factor not associated with any nor numbers of informal caregiving hours received.

Conclusions:

Sociodemographic and health factors were important for predicting SNF admissions. After adjustment for important risk factors, SNF evidenced a strong positive correlation with the number of hospitalizations and a weak positive correlation with the hours of informal caregiving received.
The Diverse Phenotype of Intestinal Dysmotility Secondary to ACTG2‐related Disorders
Authors: Sandy Natascha S. , Huysentruyt Koen , Mulder Daniel J. , Warner Neil , Chong Karen , Morel Chantal , AlQahtani Saleh , Wales Paul W. , Martin Martin G. , Muise Aleixo M. , Avitzur Yaron
Published: February 2022

Background and Aims:

The initial description of a heterozygous dominant ACTG2 variant in familial visceral myopathy was followed by the identification of additional variants in other forms of intestinal dysmotility disorders. we aimed to describe the diverse phenotype of this newly reported and rare disease.

Methods:

Report of 4 new patients, and a systematic review of ACTG2‐related disorders. we analyzed the population frequency and used in silico gene damaging predictions. Genotype‐phenotype correlations were explored.

Results:

One hundred three patients (52% girls), from 14 publications, were included. Twenty‐eight unique variants were analyzed, all exceedingly rare, and 27 predicted to be highly damaging. The median Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion (CADD) score was 29.2 (Interquartile range 26.3–29.4). Most patients underwent abdominal surgery (66%), about half required intermittent bladder catheterization (48.5%), and more than half were parenteral nutrition (PN)‐dependent (53%). One‐quarter of the patients died (25.7%), and 6 required transplant (5.8%). Girls had a higher rate of microcolon (P = 0.009), PN dependency (P = 0.003), and death/transplant (P = 0.029) compared with boys, and early disease onset (<2 years of age) was associated with megacystis‐microcolon‐intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) features. There was no statistical association between disease characteristics and CADD scores.

Conclusions:

Damaging ACTG2 variants are rare, often associated with MMIHS phenotype, and overall have a wide phenotypic variation. Symptoms usually present in the perinatal period but can also appear at a later age. The course of the disease is marked by frequent need for surgical interventions, PN support, and mortality. Poor outcomes are more common among girls with ACTG2 variants.
Nutritional and Safety Concerns of Infant Feeding Trends
Authors: DiMaggio Dina M. , Du Nan , Porto Anthony F.
Published: February 2022

Objective:

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition recommend either exclusively breastfeeding for at least 6 months or an u.S. Food and Drug Administration‐reviewed infant formula or donor breast milk from an established milk bank as alternatives. The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of contemporary infant feeding practices such as informal human milk sharing, imported European infant formula, toddler formula and homemade formula and gain insight into the parental reasoning for their choices.

Study design:

An anonymous, cross‐sectional, voluntary electronic survey was sent to active prescribers to a Yumi (a baby food subscription company) list server in April and May 2021. Basic demographic, utilization of infant feeding practices and general feeding practices were collected.

Results:

Of 2315 respondents, at least 18% of the families were following at least one contemporary feeding practice. Thirty six percent of parents using donor breast milk obtained it from unregulated sources, 14% of the respondents were using European infant formula, 5% were using toddler formula for their infants, and 2% were making homemade infant formula.

Conclusion:

The AAP has clear guidelines on infant nutrition and breastfeeding and when not possible, FDA reviewed infant formula or donor breast milk from an established milk bank as alternatives. Yet, our study found that at least 18% of the families across the united States were following at least one contemporary feeding practice with possible nutritional and safety concerns. it is important for pediatric gastroenterologists and dieticians to ask their patients how they are feeding their infants and be aware of these feeding practices that may pose significant health risks.
Rapid Infliximab Biosimilar Infusion in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: O'Connell Daniel M. , Nachreiner Joshua , Shu Xin , Terry Erica , Imburgia Taylor , Vanderloo Joshua , Lasarev Michael R. , Bogenschutz Monica
Published: February 2022

Objectives:

Compare prevalence of infusion reaction (IR) between infliximab (IFX) and infliximab biosimilar (IFX‐abda) at standard and rapid rates and measure the impact on health care cost in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods:

Records of subjects receiving IFX and IFX‐abda were reviewed over a 21‐month period. Demographics and IRs were recorded. Cost analysis utilized average wholesale pricing, infusion duration, nursing time, and infusion center throughput.

Results:

Fifty‐six subjects received 498 infusions. Sixteen subjects received both IFX and IFX‐abda. Thirteen IRs occurred for an overall prevalence of 2.6%. One outlier subject accounted for 8 of 13 (62%) of IRs. Data were analyzed with and without the outlier. Standard rate infusion of both IFX and IFX‐abda was associated with increased risk of IR compared with rapid rate but only reached significance for IFX when calculated with the outlier removed. Risk of IR was not statistically significant between IFX and IFX‐abda for both standard and rapid rates. IFX‐abda saved an average of $2,611 per infusion. Rapid infusion saved 70 minutes of infusion time, 20 minutes of estimated nursing time per infusion, and decreased infusion center appointment length by as much as 2 hours per infusion.

Conclusions:

Rapid IFX‐abda appears safe without increased IRs and decreases cost.
Five‐Year Inpatient Management of Teenagers With Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Trovato Chiara Maria , Capriati Teresa , Bolasco Giulia , Campana Carmen , Papa Valentina , Mazzoli Bianca , Zanna Valeria , Marchili Maria Rosaria , Basso Maria Sole , Maggiore Giuseppe , Diamanti Antonella
Published: February 2022

Objectives:

In patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) malnutrition can lead to life‐long nutritional treatments. The refeeding process can combine natural feeding (NF) with specific nutritional strategies, including oral nutritional supplements (ONS) and nasogastric feeding (NGF). Aims of the present study were to assess the efficacy of hospital protocol and identify the most effective inpatient nutritional strategies for weight restoration.

Methods:

All patients hospitalized from April 2015 to April 2020 were enrolled. According to hospital protocol, NF was proposed to all patients; ONS were combined with NF if caloric intake was <70% of the requirements and NGF was added if caloric intake did not reach 30% in the first week from admission.

Results:

Overall, 186 patients [M = 20; median age 14 (interquartile range 1316)] were included. Nutritional issues were the main indication to admission (56.6%). A significant effect of combination treatment, with a shorter duration of hospitalization when using ONS with NGF in addition to NF was found (ß: —20.28 [95% confidence interval —34.92:—5.65], P < 0.001). Only one patient showed a significant but limited increase of liver enzymes.

Conclusions:

We provide a safe and effective standardized protocol to treat the malnutrition of teenagers with AN in an inpatient setting. Malnutrition was the most important cause of admission, and more than half of the patients admitted were severely malnourished. The combination of NF, ONS, and NGF was the most effective strategy to achieve the weight restoration; however, this result should be validated on larger series of patients treated with NGF and NF.
Identifying Needs, Challenges, and Benefits Among Adults and Parents of Children With Hirschsprung Disease
Authors: Berrios Courtney , Bollinger Juli , Yan Jia , Biesecker Barbara , Chakravarti Aravinda
Published: February 2022

Adults with Hirschsprung disease (HD), unaffected parents of children with HD, and affected adults with an affected child completed a cross‐sectional survey with open‐ended questions about greatest needs at diagnosis and at current time, greatest challenges encountered, and any benefits of having HD or having a child with HD. In the 297 respondents, information and good medical care were common needs at diagnosis and at the time of survey, but the information needed evolved with time. Managing ongoing symptoms was a frequently cited need and challenge, along with managing medical care and the social and emotional impact of HD. Perceived benefits included empathy for others and new perspectives on life. The needs and challenges identified in this study can guide healthcare providers in discussions with families. Provision of information, recommendations, and referrals based on each individual family's needs can support families with HD throughout the lifecycle and facilitate adaptation.
Hospice Referral in Advanced Cancer in New Jersey
Authors: Nicholson Bridget L. , Flynn Linda , Savage Beth , Zha Peijia , Kozlov Elissa
Published: February 2022

The need for hospice care is increasing in the United States, but insufficient lengths of stay and disparity in access to care continue. Few studies have examined the relationship between the presence of symptoms and hospice referral. The study measured the association between hospice referral and demographic characteristics and the presence of pain and depression in a cohort of people hospitalized with metastatic cancer in New Jersey in 2018. This study was secondary analysis of the 2018 New Jersey State Inpatient Database. The sample was limited to adult patients with metastatic cancer. Descriptive statistics evaluated the composition of the sample. Generalized linear modeling estimated the effect of pain and depression on incidence of hospice referral in a racially and economically diverse population. Absence of pain resulted in lower odds of receiving a referral to hospice upon discharge (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40-0.49; P = .00). Likewise, an absence of depression also resulted in decreased odds of a hospice referral (AOR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76-0.96; P = .008). Compared with Whites, Blacks (AOR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76-0.97; P = .00) and Hispanics had significantly lower odds of receiving a hospice referral (AOR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72-0.96; P = .01). Patients with a primary language other than English, there were significantly lower odds of receiving a hospice referral (AOR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73-0.99; P = .03). Patients with pain and depression had increased hospice referrals. Disparities persist in hospice referral, particularly in Black and Hispanic cases and those without a primary language of English.
Nursing Student Perceptions of End-of-Life Communication Competence
Authors: Jeffers Stephanie , Lippe Megan P. , Justice Amanda , Ferry Dawn , Borowik Kara , Connelly Cera
Published: February 2022

Effective communication skills are required when nurses care for patients and their families navigating life-limiting illness and the end of life. Educators have made great strides in integrating end-of-life content into prelicensure curricula. It is critical to evaluate nursing students' perceptions of their communication skills to empirically guide the development and implementation of future education interventions. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore nursing students' perceptions of their verbal and nonverbal communication competence when providing end-of-life care. Students participated in an established high-fidelity simulation focused on difficult end-of-life conversations. Students explored their perceptions during postsimulation debriefing sessions. Colaizzi's method guided thematic analysis of the audio-recorded debriefings. One major theme emerged from the data: delivering bad news is difficult. Four subthemes further described this theme and its components: (1) reflecting on communication at end of life, (2) feeling uncomfortable, (3) calling for more exposure to end-of-life communication, and (4) fostering a supportive environment for patients and families. Results indicate that nursing students had anxiety and discomfort when engaging in end-of-life conversations. These findings support increased investments in additional training interventions to facilitate the development of student competence in end-of-life communication prior to entering the professional workforce.