bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selectivity of chlorantraniliprole and lambda-cyhalothrin to the egg parasitoid Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae)
Authors: Silva Gabriela Vieira , Bueno Adeney De Freitas , Favetti Bruna Magda , Oliveira Janeiro Neves Pedro Manuel
Published: April 2018

Soybean plants host a diverse complex of pest insects, which can occur simultaneously during crop development. Thus, the use of egg parasitoids for the management of Euschistus heros (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) depends on the selectivity of the pesticides to the stink bug. Thus, the selectivity of the active ingredients chlorantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole + lambda-cyhalothrin to the parasitoid Telenomus podisi (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) was evaluated. The bioassays were carried out under controlled conditions (27 ± 2 ºC and 50 ± 10% relative humidity) for the pupal and adult phases of the parasitoid. The design was completely randomized, with 10 treatments and five replicates composed of the insecticides chlorantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole + lambda-cyhalothrin in different doses, as well as a negative control using water and a positive control using chlorpyrifos. We used a Potter Tower for the applications, and evaluations were carried out 24, 72, and 120 hours after the applications. Experimental methods and analyses to determine the harmfulness of the products to the insects were in accordance with International Organization for Biological Control standards. Chlorantraniliprole, at all doses tested, was less harmful to the parasitoid, especially in the adult phase; the doses were classified as class 1. The chlorantraniliprole + lambda-cyhalothrin mixture at its highest dose was classified as class 4, at 72 and 120 hours after application. For the pupal phase of the parasitoid, there were no significant differences, and the products were classified as class 1, except for the highest dose of chlorantraniliprole, which classified as class 2, at 24 hours after application. Thus, chlorantraniliprole can be considered a tool in the management of soybean pests. Its selectivity to T. podisi under the conditions tested presents low or no negative interference when sprayed on pupae and adults. However, the chlorantraniliprole + lambda-cyhalothrin mixture should be used with caution, respecting the time of application and the recommended doses, as it interferes negatively in the development of the parasitoid and should be replaced when possible.
Canines vaccinated against visceral leishmaniasis develop a serological response to the Leishmania braziliensis antigen
Authors: Pinheiro Julia De Assis , Giori Silas Garcia , Almeida Sayanne Luns Hatum de , Souza Rafael Assis de , Madureira Ana Paula , Zanini Marcos Santos
Published: April 2018

American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is a zoonosis caused by Leishmania, a protozoan. Common antigens occur in the strains found in America, which allow antigenic cross-reactivity. Therefore, multivalent vaccines can be used for this pathogen. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of two different commercial vaccines for visceral leishmaniasis to induce an immune response to the soluble L. (Viannia) braziliensis antigens. In 2014, 70 seronegative dogs from the municipality of Iúna (Espírito Santo State, Brazil) were vaccinated and serologically evaluated by ELISA and immunoblotting by using the soluble antigen of L. braziliensis. Of the 121 dogs initially selected, only 70 received vaccination because 51 dogs tested positive by ELISA, yielding a positive frequency of 42.14% in the asymptomatic group. These 70 dogs were divided into two equal groups and administered three doses of each vaccine, according to the manufacturers’ instructions. We found that the sera of dogs immunized with three doses of both vaccines A and B had antibodies against the soluble antigens of L. (V.) braziliensis, as determined by ELISA and immunoblotting 120 days post vaccination. Antibodies produced in response to vaccines A and B were found in 22/35 and 18/35 serum samples, respectively, at T1 (120 days), while 7/35 and 4/35 serum samples tested positive at T2 (240 days). Furthermore, immunoblotting allowed us to differentiate between vaccinated and asymptomatic dogs.
The effect of exogenous enzymes on the performance and digestibility of nutrients in broiler
Authors: Andrade Thiago Dos Santos , Nunes Ricardo Vianna , Wachholz Lucas , Silva Idiana Mara da , Freitas Dimitri Moreira de
Published: April 2018

Here we tested how feeding with exogenous enzymes affects the performance, carcass yield, and ileal digestibility in broilers from 21- to 42-days-old. The study included 1008 male broilers randomly distributed into six diets: positive control (PC), corn and soybean meal containing all the nutritional requirements; negative control (NC), with a 120 kcal.kg-1 reduction in metabolizable energy relative to the PC; enzyme complex one (NC + 100 ppm of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase); enzyme complex two (NC + 200 ppm of xylanase, amylase and protease); enzyme blend one (NC + 100 FXU kg-1 of xylanase and 200 FXU kg-1 of amylase); and enzyme blend two (NC + 100 FXU kg-1 of xylanase and 300 FXU kg-1 of amylase). The enzyme complex two (CN + 100 FXU.kg de xilanase e 300 FXU.kg de amilase) and enzyme blend two (NC + 100 FXU kg-1 of xylanase and 300 FXU kg-1 of amylase) had greater weight gain, feed conversion, carcass yield, and digestibility of nutrients than the NC (P < 0,05). We found that enzyme complex two and enzyme blend two valued their nutritional matrix promoting better performance and digestibility of broilers.
Quantitative analysis of the beef cattle industry in the state of Pará, Brazil
Authors: Santos Marcos Antônio Souza dos , Lourenço Júnior José De Brito , Santana Antônio Cordeiro de , Homma Alfredo Kingo Oyama , Martins Cyntia Meireles , Andrade Stefano Juliano Tavares de , Silva André Guimarães Maciel e
Published: April 2018

The state of Pará has the fifth largest cattle herd in Brazil at 20.3 million heads, and beef cattle breeding accounts for 44.32% of the agricultural production value. Using a recursive econometric model estimated by the generalized method of moments, we evaluated the effects of variables that define the supply and demand of slaughtered beef cattle from 1990 to 2015. The results showed that supply and demand were inelastic to prices. Increases in rural salary and calf prices negatively affected supply, and the response to rural credit applications occurred with a four-year lag due to the biological and technological characteristics of production systems. Deforestation tended to increase the supply of cattle and slaughterhouses appropriated the largest share of the economic surplus generated. There were productivity gains since the early 1990s, with the yield of slaughtered animals was 230.55 kg for cattle and 182.25 kg for cows, while currently, it is 276 and 202.5 kg, respectively. The creation of the Agriculture and Livestock Defense Agency of the State of Pará had a positive effect on the supply of cattle and the expansion of agroindustry structure, contributing to the supply of large markets with higher quality beef.
Chemical composition of the essential oil of Psidium guajava leaves and its toxicity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Silva Elizabeth Aparecida Josefi , Silva Vanessa Paula da , Alves Cassia Cristina Fernandes , Alves José Milton , Souchie Edson Luiz , Barbosa Luiz Cláudio Almeida
Published: April 2018

Globally, the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is considered as one of the most important phytopathogens, since it affects the production of several economically important crops. Further, it is difficult to control, thus increasing the use of pesticides. Therefore, the search for new substances, especially those extracted from plants, has received special attention to control this plant pathogen. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the yield and chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from the fresh leaves of guava collected during the rainy and dry seasons, and also to evaluate its toxicity against S. sclerotiorum. The experiment was a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation of the leaves and analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main compounds identified in the essential oil were trans-caryophyllene and ?-humulene. The essential oil at a concentration of 300 ?L exhibited 90% inhibition of the mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum. This confirmed the antifungal potential of the essential oil of the guava leaves during both the sampling seasons.
Program for Promoting the Employment of Schizophrenic Patients in Japan
Authors: Yoshii Hatsumi , Kitamura Nobutaka
Published: April 2018

In Japan, a large proportion of schizophrenic patients cannot find work. Accordingly, it is necessary to promote positive attitudes among employers about hiring such patients. However, few programs in Japan educate employers about schizophrenia and there is little evaluation of such programs. Our study participants were 1,175 executives in private enterprises who registered with an Internet questionnaire survey company. The participants in the intervention group viewed an educational video developed to increase understanding about schizophrenia. This longitudinal study examined how employers’ attitudes about hiring schizophrenic patients changed before and after watching the video. The number of respondents from both the intervention and non-intervention groups who responded that they did not understand how to employ and manage schizophrenics and so would not hire them showed a significant increase at 1 week after baseline (p = 0.001); however, there was a significant increase at 3 years after baseline only in the non-intervention group (p = 0.019). Only in the non-intervention group did Social Distance Scale-Japanese version scores show a significant decrease at 1 week after baseline (p = 0.011); they increased significantly from 1 week after to 3 years after baseline (p = 0.001). Our educational intervention aimed to promote employers’ willingness to employ schizophrenic patients. However, to reduce stigma and increase such willingness, our program could be improved.
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Authors: Doe John
Published: April 2018

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School stress – Scope of the problem and its symptomatology as perceived by students. Research findings
Authors: Półtorak Małgorzata
Published: April 2018

The article concerns the problem of school stress. In the first part, theoretical issues are discussed: the most common definitions and understanding of stress, its causes, and effects. School stress is then characterized: its symptoms and main sources are presented as well as the consequences of excessive strain felt by students at school. The assumptions of empirical research on school stress as viewed by students are also presented. The research was conducted through a diagnostic survey on a group of 440 students aged 12–14.
The article presents the results of the research on the problem of stress and its intensity in students’ daily school life. The data obtained in the research shows that the students experienced stress with different frequency and intensity. Most of the students experienced average and low levels of stress (ca 40% for each level), and 20% of the students were under high levels of stress. An increased number of highly stressed students was observed in middle schools compared to primary schools. Also, it was noticed that more girls than boys suffered from intense tension. Symptoms of stress – physiological, emotional, empirical, and behavioral ones - declared by the students are also presented. Interpretation and conclusions are made based on the analysis of the empirical material.
Correlates of Participation in Sports and Physical Activities among Indigenous Youth
Authors: Wilk Piotr , Maltby Alana , Cooke Martin , Forsyth Janice
Published: April 2018

Several correlates of Indigenous youth participation in sport and/or physical activities (S/PA) have been recognized; however, there is a paucity of research on the relative importance of these predictors, especially those related to the context in which the youth’s physical activities take place. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to explore the correlates of participation in S/PA among off-reserve Indigenous youth. Using data from the 2012 Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS), our analysis was limited to those between the ages of 12 and 17 who were attending elementary or high school and were identified as having a single Indigenous identity (First Nations, Métis, or Inuit [N=4,790]). Using logistic regression, we first assessed unadjusted the effects of each of the correlates on participation in S/PA. We then examined the magnitude of the independent effects of these correlates, controlling for the effects of others. Sampling weights and bootstrap weights were used to account for the multi-stage sampling design employed in the 2012 APS. The results of the multivariate analysis suggest that, controlling for other correlates, youth’s sex, age, health status, drinking behaviour, participation in Indigenous cultural activities and volunteering in community, as well as parental involvement in school activities, strength of family ties, and living in a lone-parent family had statistically significant effects on participation in S/PA. Further research should explore the relationships between these correlates using meditational models to better understand the nature of their effects on participation in S/PA at this age.
Try Bravery for a Change: Supporting Indigenous Health Training and Development in Canadian Universities
Authors: Richmond Chantelle
Published: April 2018

The persistence of egregious inequities signals that we are at a critical juncture regarding the health of Canada’s Indigenous peoples. Now is the time to seriously reflect on the relationships between Indigenous realities, public policy, and the role of Indigenous research environments therein. Addressing the complexity of contemporary Indigenous health inequity requires a fundamental reorientation in the ways we conduct and think about research. This commentary explores the transition currently taking place in Indigenous health training and development in Canadian universities, with a focus on Ontario’s Indigenous Mentorship Network. At the heart of the Ontario Network is the Anishinabe philosophy Mno Nimkodadding Geegi (“We Are All Connected”).  In our attempts to address Indigenous health inequality in Canada, we take the perspective that the most important answers will come when we take the time to listen to Indigenous communities. This commentary closes with a discussion on bravery. Just as Indigenous scholars push to make space for their scholarship within the university environments, so too must our institutions have the bravery needed to address the structural changes required to foster that success.
Methods of Democratic Decision-Making
Authors: Schmitt Richard ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2018

The paper reflects on the methods democratic systems use for arriving at decisions. The most popular ones are elections where the majority rules and deliberative democracy. I argue that both of these do not measure up to the demands of democracy. Whether we use voting with majority rule or deliberative methods, only a portion of the citizenry is allowed to rule itself; minorities are always excluded. Instead of voting with majority ruler or deliberative methods, I suggest that we employ mediation (ADR) to reach agreement in democratic publics.
Relação entre experiência e conhecimento tático processual em jovens jogadores de futebol
Authors: Silva Jorge Victor de Oliveira , Moreira Pedro Emílio Drumond , Praça Gibson Moreira , Morales Juan Carlos Perez , Greco Pablo Juan
Published: April 2018

O estudo investigou a relação do Conhecimento Tático Processual (CTP) e experiência em jovens jogadores de futebol. Avaliaram-se atletas de um clube de Belo Horizonte que responderam um questionário sobre variáveis de experiência. Avaliou-se o CTP a partir do Sistema de Avaliação Tática no Futebol (FUT-SAT). Estabeleceu-se a matriz de correlação de Spearman para análise dos dados por meio do software SPSS 20.0, com nível de significância de 0,05. Houve associação positiva e significativa apenas para variáveis Eficácia Ofensiva e Idade. Conclui-se que variáveis como idade, tempo de prática e tempo no clube não apresentaram influencia sobre o CTP.
A faixa etária para o ensino no boxe: consenso e conflito
Authors: Cassiano José Maria da Silva , Triani Felipe da Silva
Published: April 2018

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar se há um consenso quanto à idade que a criança ou o adolescente deve ingressar na prática do boxe. Para atingi-lo, foi adotada uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Como resultado, foi identificado que não há um consenso entre a faixa etária na qual a pessoa deve ingressar na prática desse esporte. Portanto, é possível que a criança e o adolescente ingressem no boxe desde que seja respeitado seu nível de desenvolvimento biológico e cognitivo, com a inserção, por parte do professor ou responsáveis, de atividades lúdicas na iniciação dessa prática esportiva.
Determinação da atividade antibacteriana e antioxidante do óleo essencial das folhas de Cymbopogon flexuosus contra Listeria monocytogenes e Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors:   Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Costa Karine Angélica Dalla , Ferenz Mariane ,   Instituto Federal Catarinense, Silveira Sheila Mello da ,   Instituto Federal Catarinense, Moura Renata ,   Instituto Federal Catarinense, Millezi Alessandra Farias ,   Instituto Federal Catarinense
Published: April 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a atividade antimicrobiana e antioxidante do óleo essencial (OE) obtido das folhas de Cymbopogon flexuosus (capimlimão da Índia Oriental). A atividade antimicrobiana foi desenvolvida contra Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 e Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19117 a fim de iniciar estudos para o desenvolvimento de um detergente-sanificante. A eficiência do OE foi detectada pelo método da Concentração Mínima Inibitória (CMI) e Concentração Mínima Bactericida (CMB). Todos os ensaios foram realizados em triplicata e em três repetições. A atividade antioxidante do OE foi avaliada pelo consumo do radical livre DPPH comparado com os antioxidantes sintéticos BHT e ácido gálico. Foram testadas oito concentrações do OE, partindo de 3,9 à 1000µL mL-1. Os resultados apontaram ação contra L. monocytogenes, com valores de CMI e CMB de 3,9μL mL-1 apresentando atividade antimicrobiana satisfatória, devido esta ser a menor concentração testada. Nenhuma das concentrações testadas foi eficiente para inibir P. aeruginosa. Avaliando o combate a radicais livres verificou-se excelente eficiência em todas as concentrações do OE analisadas, demostrando grande potencial antioxidante. Esses resultados refletem eficiente atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana do OE de Cymbopogon flexuosus contra L. monocytogenes indicando o possível uso na formulação de alimentos e/ou solução detergente-sanificante.
Embalagem ativa multifuncional para a conservação de produtos hortícolas minimamente processados
Authors:   Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Rauschkolb Jean Carlo
Published: April 2018

Diversos alimentos são suscetíveis a ação de enzimas e micro-organismos, resultando na depreciação da qualidade, diminuição da vida útil, bem como consideráveis perdas econômicas. Por outro lado, diversos aditivos podem ser empregados para impedir tais alterações. Alguns destes aditivos são multifuncionais, capazes de retardar o desenvolvimento de micro-organismos, bem como a ação de enzimas, especialmente as que causam escurecimento em vegetais. Sendo assim, a presente pesquisa fundamentou-se no estudo do processo de conservação de alimentos em seu estado natural com a utilização de embalagens ativas para a manutenção da qualidade dos alimentos por um tempo maior na prateleira, do que o naturalmente conseguido. A produção do filme consistiu na adição de metabissulfito de potássio misto (puro e encapsulado) à resina de PVC e sua aplicação em maçãs minimamente processadas para avaliar as potencialidades desta aplicação com relação a qualidade, segurança alimentar e aumento da vida-de-prateleira do produto. O filme ativo desenvolvido manteve a qualidade e prolongou a vida útil de maças minimamente processadas, através do controle de micro-organismos e enzimas, garantindo sua segurança alimenta
Separação e quantificação de riboflavina em leite desnatado UAT por UHPLC-FL
Authors: Becker-algeri Tania Aparecida , Scaglioni Priscila Tessmer ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Drunkler Deisy Alessandra ,   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR - Campus Medianeira, Furlon Eliana Badiale ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG
Published: April 2018

Esse estudo visou estabelecer as condições de separação e quantificação da riboflavina em amostras de leite ultra alta temperatura (UAT) desnatado. As análises foram realizadas por meio de extração ácida seguido de separação e quantificação por cromatografia líquida de ultra alta eficiência acoplado de detector de fluorescência (UHPLC-FL). Foram ainda testados a linearidade e a seletividade do método através da construção das curvas de calibração e de efeito de matriz, respectivamente. A riboflavina foi detectada em tempo de retenção (tr) de 6,35 minutos e ambas as curvas apresentaram coeficientes de determinação (r2) acima de 0,99, além de o método se apresentar seletivo, por isso o mesmo foi considerado eficaz para a determinação de riboflavina em amostras de leite UAT desnatado.
Batata Yacon: caracterização e inativação enzimática
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Bertolo Angélica Patrícia
Published: April 2018

É notável o crescente interesse da população em consumir alimentos mais saudáveis, relacionando dieta, saúde e bem-estar. Os alimentos funcionais ou nutracêuticos como, por exemplo, a batata yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia), além de suas funções nutricionais normais, também é capaz de melhorar as condições de saúde do consumidor, podendo prevenir o surgimento de determinadas doenças degenerativas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar físico-quimicamente esse tubérculo, além de avaliar parâmetros para sua inativação enzimática. Em sua composição a batata yacon apresentou elevado conteúdo de umidade (86,89g/100g) e carboidratos totais (14,04g/100g), podendo ser considerada também uma boa fonte de fibra bruta (3,28g/100g) e uma fonte pobre de proteínas (0,43%), cinzas (0,35%) e lipídeos (0,15%). A enzima peroxidase é encontrada em vários alimentos, inclusive na batata yacon, sendo responsável por catalisar alterações de oxidação de compostos fenólicos levando ao aparecimento de pigmentos escuros. Vários métodos físicos e químicos são propostos para o controle dessa reação. O uso de compostos antioxidantes apresenta-se como uma das principais alternativas, tendo em vista sua facilidade e fator econômico. Neste trabalho foram testadas diferentes concentrações de ácido ascórbico, qual se mostrou eficiente em baixas concentrações.
Caracterização e avaliação da influência das propriedades físico-químicas sobre a incidência de Staphylococcus aureus em hambúrguer de carne bovina produzido em um frigorífico localizado no município de Campo Grande/MS
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos e Engenharia Química, Staudt Amanda , Robazza Weber da Silva
Published: April 2018

Bactérias da espécie Staphylococcus aureus são um importante veículo de Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos (DTAs). Este micro-organismo é amplamente encontrado em alimentos à base de carne bovina, como hambúrgueres. Neste contexto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo estimar a influência dos teores de cinza, proteína, umidade, gordura, cálcio e carboidratos no desenvolvimento de Staphylococcus aureus em hambúrguer de carne bovina. Utilizou-se uma amostragem de 69 lotes de hambúrgueres de carne bovina produzidos em indústria de alimentos localizada em Campo Grande, MS, Brasil. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os parâmetros físico-químicos avaliados não apresentam correlação com o crescimento de S. aureus em hambúrguer de carne bovina. Vê-se como importante a elaboração de outros estudos com o objetivo de determinar os fatores que influenciam o crescimento desta bactéria em produtos cárneos.
Avaliação da adição de diferentes concentrações de sementes de chia e linhaça nas características físico-químicas do queijo tipo minas frescal
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina -Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos e Engenharia Química–DEAQ, Rigo Elisandra , Curta Diane Costa
Published: April 2018

O desenvolvimento de formulações alimentícias é uma necessidade constante para o mercado visando otimizar processamentos e agregar diferentes ingredientes. Neste contexto, o queijo tipo minas frescal um dos mais consumidos no país, torna-se um produto alvo a ser investigado. Assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as características físico-químicas, bem como a oxidação lipídica e a concentração de minerais em queijo tipo minas frescal elaborado com a adição de diferentes concentrações de chia e linhaça. Os dados foram avaliados de acordo com o planejamento experimental onde se observou valores próximos de proteína, umidade, cinzas e pH para as amostras acrescidas de sementes e a formulação padrão. Para o teor de potássio e ferro, as formulações contendo sementes indicaram maior teor desses minerais devido à quantidade destes nas sementes, em relação à amostra padrão, o que ressalta a importância do produto proposto. Os teores de lipídios e oxidação lipídica apresentaram variações entre as formulações acrescidas de sementes e em relação a formulação padrão, esta foi maior, o que indica que as formulações propostas tornam-se interessantes em relação a preservação das características primordiais para produtos alimentícios em especial devido as características de acidez do queijo e traços de oxidação lipídica.
Editorial
Authors: Mortensen Kristian , Due Brian
Published: April 2018

Welcome to the inaugural issue of Social Interaction. Video-Based Studies on Human Sociality – an open access online journal for analyses of sense-making practices in naturally occurring social interaction as well as methodological and conceptual discussions for empirically based studies.
Social Sensibility. Simmel, the Senses, and the Aesthetics of Recognition
Authors: Carnevali Barbara , Montemaggi Francesca
Published: April 2018

In this article, I sketch a theory of social sensibility building on Simmel’s Sociology. I focus on the sense of smell and its “distancing” function, and I develop Simmel’s insights in line with the phenomenological theory of the “oral sense” (Oralsinn). Notions like atmosphere and Stimmung allow me to shed light on the almost subliminal functioning of social evaluation: sensible inclinations pre-condition deeply social relations. In addition, I focus on the link between recognition and esteem (Anerkennung and Schätzung) in its active meaning (how we value others through our feelings) as well as in its passive meaning (how we strive to please and how the quest for recognition is part of the search for distinction). I conclude by suggesting the need for a reciprocal integration between Simmel’s and Bourdieu’s reflections.
Comprendre l’instrumentation des questions de citoyenneté dans les politiques d’éducation et de jeunesse : une typologie des dispositifs d’action publique
Authors: Becquet Valérie
Published: April 2018

Que ce soit au niveau européen qu’au niveau national, les enjeux relatifs à la citoyenneté des jeunes sont présents dans les débats publics et donnent lieu à la mise en place de dispositifs spécifiques. L’ancienneté et la récurrence de la mise à l’agenda de cette question invitent à réfléchir sur les dynamiques de l’action publique. Cet article propose une typologie des dispositifs progressivement développés dans deux secteurs publics qui interviennent auprès des jeunes : l’éducation et la jeunesse. En mobilisant une approche par les instruments d’action publique, il met en évidence que les choix opérés par les décideurs publics pour traiter des questions de citoyenneté conduisent à une multiplication et à une diversification des dispositifs. Cette prolifération interroge la lisibilité de l’action publique : si les dispositifs peuvent apparaître complémentaires et constituer une opportunité pour les jeunes, ils peuvent aussi entrer en tension. Dans un contexte de renouvellement générationnel du corps électoral, elle invite également à réfléchir sur les conséquences sur les pratiques des jeunes et sur la construction de leur représentation de la citoyenneté.
Les chemins de la participation citoyenne des jeunes Kanak de Koné (Nouvelle-Calédonie)1
Authors: Desroches-Maheux Ève
Published: April 2018

En partant d’un terrain ethnographique, cet article explore les formes et modalités de la participation « citoyenne » des jeunes Kanak vivant en province Nord, en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Étant à l’aube du référendum sur son accession à la pleine souveraineté, ce territoire français de statutsui gererisse situe à un moment charnière de son histoire. En préparation à cet événement, l’accord de Nouméa vint poser les bases d’une nouvelle citoyenneté néo-calédonienne située, pour le moment, à l’intérieur de la citoyenneté française. Cette citoyenneté en construction pose toutefois la question de la place qui y est accordée aux Kanak, peuple autochtone du territoire. Abordant la citoyenneté comme un ensemble de « processus de subjectivation politique », produisant une citoyenneté à la fois « déterminée par l’État et par les sujets qui la composent », nous explorerons les réponses et « tentatives de négociations » de jeunes Kanak envers cette dernière. Les résultats montrent que malgré les représentations négatives qui pèsent sur eux, les jeunes s’approprient les possibilités ouvertes par les politiques et les programmes publics dans l’espoir de faire entendre leurs doléances et de mettre en oeuvre des projets structurants. De plus, alors que ce type de pratiques citoyennes constituent un levier de résistance face à l’hégémonie française en province Sud pour les jeunes qui cherchent avant tout à y affirmer leur identité kanak, l’implication des jeunes du Nord dans l’espace public s’inscrit plutôt dans une démarche inclusive face aux autres communautés.
De responsabilidad social a sostenibilidad corporativa: una revisión actualizada
Authors: González Masip Jaime , Cuesta Valiño Pedro
Published: April 2018

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a discipline of high interest to academics and practitioners. Nevertheless, there is no consensus yet on a definition and fundamental approaches. Over the last decades, new components of CSR have appeared, together with other derivative concepts that incorporate a very marked environmental dimension that conditions the rest of the ideas, as a result of the increasing awareness of the environmental deterioration. Despite its origin in the expectations and demands of individuals and social groups, corporate responsibility is the source of competitive advantages, which include the image and reputation improvement for the companies, so the positive implementation of the CSR turns out to be of high interest for enterprises. The aim of this paper, based on the content of the doctoral thesis by González-Masip (2017), is to carry out a theoretical review of the concepts of corporate social responsibility, identifying some of its foundations, components and temporal evolution, analyzing its relationship with corporate environmental responsibility and a review of other concepts related to CSR, such as corporate sustainability or corporate citizenship. Based fundamentally on research papers, this article helps to understand the phenomenon of corporate responsibility, corporate social action and its various derivatives, identifying the relationships and connections between the various concepts to get an overview of the issue. It also allows us to understand the diverse proposals of corporate social image that the company can reflect through its communication initiatives, and that influence the level of acceptance and effectiveness among consumers and other stakeholders.
Taxonomic annotation errors incorrectly assign the family Pseudoalteromonadaceae to the order Vibrionales in Greengenes: Implications for microbial community assessments
Authors: Lydon Keri A , Lipp Erin K
Published: April 2018

Next-generation sequencing has provided powerful tools to conduct microbial ecology studies. Analysis of community composition relies on annotated databases of curated sequences to provide taxonomic assignments; however, these databases occasionally have errors with implications for downstream analyses. Systemic taxonomic errors were discovered in Greengenes database (v13_5 and 13_8) related to orders Vibrionales and Alteromonadales. These orders have family level annotations that were erroneous at least one taxonomic level, e.g., 100% of sequences assigned to the Pseudoalteromonadaceae family were placed improperly in Vibrionales (rather than Alteromonadales) and >20% of these sequences were assigned to the Pseudoalteromonadaceae family (rather than to Vibrionaceae). Use of this database is common; we identified 67 peer-reviewed papers since 2013 that likely included erroneous annotations, with 20 explicitly stating the incorrect taxonomy. Erroneous assignments using these specific versions of Greengenes can lead to incorrect conclusions, especially in marine systems where these taxa can be common.
Performance, workload, and usability in a multiscreen, multi-device, information-rich environment
Authors: Saleem Jason J , Weiler Dustin T
Published: April 2018

Potential benefits of multiscreen and multiple device environments were assessed using three different computing environments. A single factor, within-subject study was conducted with 18 engineering students in a laboratory experiment. Three levels for the computing environment factor included one with a desktop computer with a single monitor (control, condition A); one with a desktop with dual monitors, as well as a single tablet computer (condition B); and one with a desktop with a single monitor, as well as two tablet computers (condition C). There was no statistically significant difference in efficiency or workload when completing scenarios for the three computing environments. However, a dual monitor desktop with a single tablet computer (B) was the ideal computing environment for the information-rich engineering problem given to participants, supported by significantly fewer errors compared to condition C and significantly higher usability ratings compared to conditions A and C. A single desktop monitor with two tablet computers (C) did not provide any advantage compared to a single desktop monitor (A).
A comprehensive and quantitative exploration of thousands of viral genomes
Authors: Mahmoudabadi Gita , Phillips Rob
Published: April 2018

The complete assembly of viral genomes from metagenomic datasets (short genomic sequences gathered from environmental samples) has proven to be challenging, so there are significant blind spots when we view viral genomes through the lens of metagenomics. One approach to overcoming this problem is to leverage the thousands of complete viral genomes that are publicly available. Here we describe our efforts to assemble a comprehensive resource that provides a quantitative snapshot of viral genomic trends – such as gene density, noncoding percentage, and abundances of functional gene categories – across thousands of viral genomes. We have also developed a coarse-grained method for visualizing viral genome organization for hundreds of genomes at once, and have explored the extent of the overlap between bacterial and bacteriophage gene pools. Existing viral classification systems were developed prior to the sequencing era, so we present our analysis in a way that allows us to assess the utility of the different classification systems for capturing genomic trends.
Age-related islet inflammation marks the proliferative decline of pancreatic beta-cells in zebrafish
Authors: Janjuha Sharan , Singh Sumeet Pal , Tsakmaki Anastasia , Mousavy Gharavy S Neda , Murawala Priyanka , Konantz Judith , Birke Sarah , Hodson David J , Rutter Guy A , Bewick Gavin A , Ninov Nikolay
Published: April 2018

The pancreatic islet, a cellular community harboring the insulin-producing beta-cells, is known to undergo age-related alterations. However, only a handful of signals associated with aging have been identified. By comparing beta-cells from younger and older zebrafish, here we show that the aging islets exhibit signs of chronic inflammation. These include recruitment of tnfα-expressing macrophages and the activation of NF-kB signaling in beta-cells. Using a transgenic reporter, we show that NF-kB activity is undetectable in juvenile beta-cells, whereas cells from older fish exhibit heterogeneous NF-kB activity. We link this heterogeneity to differences in gene expression and proliferation. Beta-cells with high NF-kB signaling proliferate significantly less compared to their neighbors with low activity. The NF-kB signalinghi cells also exhibit premature upregulation of socs2, an age-related gene that inhibits beta-cell proliferation. Together, our results show that NF-kB activity marks the asynchronous decline in beta-cell proliferation with advancing age.
O impulso do crédito rural no produto do setor primário brasileiro
Authors: Melo Marcelo Miranda , Marinho Émerson Lemos , Silva Almir Bittencourt
Published: April 2018

Esse artigo analisa o impacto do crédito rural no Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) agropecuário da economia brasileira no período 1995 a 2009. Os resultados dos modelos econométricos demonstraram a causalidade bidirecional entre o crédito rural como proporção do PIB real agropecuário e esse último. Analizam-se também as modalidades de crédito rural destinadas ao investimento, custeio e comercialização da produção rural, além das séries de crédito rural para à agricultura e pecuária. O crédito rural para a comercialização e à agricultura em relação ao PIB real do setor agropecuário impactou positivamente esse último. Um choque positivo de 4,23% no crédito para a comercialização em relação ao PIB real desse setor tende a impactar o PIB real agropecuário em 1,89%. Já um choque de 1,90% no crédito destinado à agricultura em relação ao PIB real impacta o PIB real agropecuário em 0,79%.
Gestão de resíduos nos estados/municípios brasileiros: avaliação e análise dos procedimentos para a escolha do modelo de gestão ambiental
Authors: Bari Mamadu Lamarana , Mata Henrique Tomé da Costa , Wanderley Lívio Andrade
Published: April 2018

O artigo visa identificar indicadores apropriados de valor econômico e de gestão socioambiental de resíduos sólidos urbanos e rurais, considerando as respectivas unidades de medição e os métodos apropriados. Nesse sentido, foi utilizado o método de análise multivariada, onde inicialmente se empregou a análise fatorial para determinar as relações quantitativas entre as variáveis chaves do estudo e ordená-las de acordo com os fatores causais. Em seguida, aplicou-se a análise de cluster, para separar os estados/municípios em grupos homogêneos segundo o sistema de coleta e destinação dos resíduos. Os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios por terem permitido identificar grupos de estados com idênticas similaridades na gestão dos resíduos.
Gerenciamento dos riscos ocupacionais da enfermagem na atenção básica: estudo exploratório descritivo / Management of occupational risks of nursing in primary health care: a descriptive exploratory study
Authors: Arcanjo Renata Vieira Girão , Chistovam Barbara Pompeu , Braga André Luiz de Souza , Silvino Zenith Rosa
Published: April 2018

Objetivos: Identificar os riscos ocupacionais aos quais os profissionais de enfermagem estão expostos na atenção básica à saúde; descrever os fatores de risco presentes nas unidades e correlacioná-los com as condições de segurança da estrutura. Método: Estudo de natureza exploratória e descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa. Resultados: Os riscos prevalentes foram os biológicos (100%), químicos (87,5%) e de violência (62,5%). Foram registrados dois acidentes de trabalho e uma doença advinda do trabalho. Conclusão: Há necessidade de treinamento ou atualização sobre riscos ocupacionais para com os profissionais das unidades pesquisadas. Percebeu-se que o conhecimento dos profissionais sobre os riscos é fruto da prática cotidiana e não oriundo de pesquisas na área ou treinamentos realizados.Descritores: Enfermagem, Gestão de Riscos, Riscos Ocupacionais e Atenção Primária à Saúde.
Tecnologia da espuma de poliuretano com prata iônica e sulfadiazina de prata: aplicabilidade em feridas cirúrgicas infectadas / Polyurethane foam technology with ionic silver and silver sulfadiazine: applicability in infected surgical wounds
Authors: Franco Vanessa Queli , Souza Norma Valéria Dantas de Oliveira , Pires Ariane da Silva , Rafael Ricardo de Mattos Russo , Nascimento Dayse Carvalho do , Nunes Maristela Lopes Gonçalves
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: descrever o processo cicatricial de feridas cirúrgicas infectadas com a utilização de espuma de poliuretano com prata iônica e sulfadiazina de prata. Métodos: trata-se de estudo observacional, descritivo, prospectivo do tipo série de dados, realizada em um ambulatório de curativos de um hospital público, no município do Rio de Janeiro. Os 4 participantes possuíam infecção de ferida operatória. A coleta de dados ocorreu de março a maio de 2016, após aprovação no Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa CAAE n° 53562516.600005259. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi o PUSH. Resultados: evidenciaram que todos os participantes do estudo acompanhados do início ao término do tratamento apresentaram alterações significativas em relação ao tamanho da lesão com rápido processo de cicatrização, diminuição da quantidade de exsudato e surgimento dos tecidos de granulação e epitelial. Conclusão: a espuma apresentou melhores resultados por apresentar todas as propriedades de um curativo ideal.
Parada cardiorrespiratória: vigilância, prevenção e cuidados após PCR / Cardiorespiratory arrest: surveillance, prevention and care after PCR
Authors: Pinheiro Diego Bruno Santos , Júnior Edson Batista dos Santos , Pinheiro Liliane de Sousa Borges
Published: April 2018

Reunir produções científicas acerca de ações de vigilância, prevenção e os cuidados de enfermagem na parada cardiorrespiratória. Métodos: Pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados selecionadas LILACS e MEDLINE. Resultados: O resultado da pesquisa bibliográfica conforme indicadores de pesquisa obtiveram-se 22 artigos. Conclusões: A enfermagem é primordial na vigilância e prevenção do paciente, reconhecendo fatores predisponentes que levariam a uma PCR. Durante a PCR, em geral, é a primeira equipe a identificar, acionar o restante dos profissionais e iniciar a RCP. Auxiliam a equipe médica e fazem o registro de enfermagem no prontuário do paciente. O enfermeiro é peça fundamental na distribuição das funções dos demais membros da equipe e nos cuidados após RCP
A formação multiprofissional em saúde sob a ótica do residente / The multiprofessional health training from the viewpoint of the resident
Authors: Mateus Natalia Gonçalves , Machado Daniel Aragão
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: Relatar as experiências vivenciadas enquanto Enfermeira integrante da 1ª turma de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde do Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle e descrever as atividades realizadas durante o exercício prático e teórico do curso. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de análise situacional e caracterizado como relato de experiência. Resultados: O programa, que teve início em fevereiro de 2011, era composto por profissionais de Enfermagem, Nutrição, Fonoaudiologia e Fisioterapia. Possui tempo de duração de dois anos e uma carga horária de 60 horas semanais. Apresenta como campos de atuação diferentes cenários do hospital e ainda, com a intenção de promover a experiência da integralidade da atenção à saúde, com um período destinado à Atenção Básica. Conclusão: A interação prolongada entre os residentes multiprofissionais proporcionou um grande aprendizado em relação ao fazer coletivo, aumentando o respeito, valorização e conhecimento entre as profissões.
Predictable information in neural signals during resting state is reduced in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Brodski‐Guerniero Alla , Naumer Marcus J. , Moliadze Vera , Chan Jason , Althen Heike , Ferreira‐Santos Fernando , Lizier Joseph T. , Schlitt Sabine , Kitzerow Janina , Schütz Magdalena , Langer Anne , Kaiser Jochen , Freitag Christine M. , Wibral Michael
Published: April 2018

The neurophysiological underpinnings of the nonsocial symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) which include sensory and perceptual atypicalities remain poorly understood. Well‐known accounts of less dominant top–down influences and more dominant bottom–up processes compete to explain these characteristics. These accounts have been recently embedded in the popular framework of predictive coding theory. To differentiate between competing accounts, we studied altered information dynamics in ASD by quantifying predictable information in neural signals. Predictable information in neural signals measures the amount of stored information that is used for the next time step of a neural process. Thus, predictable information limits the (prior) information which might be available for other brain areas, for example, to build predictions for upcoming sensory information. We studied predictable information in neural signals based on resting‐state magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings of 19 ASD patients and 19 neurotypical controls aged between 14 and 27 years. Using whole‐brain beamformer source analysis, we found reduced predictable information in ASD patients across the whole brain, but in particular in posterior regions of the default mode network. In these regions, epoch‐by‐epoch predictable information was positively correlated with source power in the alpha and beta frequency range as well as autocorrelation decay time. Predictable information in precuneus and cerebellum was negatively associated with nonsocial symptom severity, indicating a relevance of the analysis of predictable information for clinical research in ASD. Our findings are compatible with the assumption that use or precision of prior knowledge is reduced in ASD patients.