bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Previous Antimicrobial Exposure Is Associated With Drug-Resistant Urinary Tract Infections in Children
Authors: Paschke Amanda A. , Zaoutis Theoklis , Conway Patrick H. , Xie Dawei , Keren Ron
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of previous antimicrobial exposure on the development of antimicrobial resistance in children with their first urinary tract infection (UTI).

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children aged 6 months to 6 years and received their first diagnosis of UTI in a network of 27 outpatient pediatric practices between July 1, 2001, and May 31, 2006. We examined the relationship between antimicrobial resistance in UTI isolates and exposure to specific antimicrobial agents (amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefdinir, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and azithromycin) in the previous 120 days. We developed multivariable logistic regression models for resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and first-generation and third-generation cephalosporins, adjusting for potential confounders such as age, number of siblings, recent hospitalizations, and child care exposure.

RESULTS:

Of the 533 children who had a first UTI, 8%, 14%, and 21% were exposed to antimicrobial agents within 30, 60, and 120 days before the UTI, respectively. Amoxicillin exposure within 30 days (odds ratio [OR]: 3.6 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.6–8.2]) and 31 to 60 days (OR: 2.8 [95% CI: 1.0–7.5]) before UTI both were associated with ampicillin resistance. Exposure to amoxicillin >60 days before the UTI was not associated with ampicillin resistance. Amoxicillin exposure within 30 days of UTI was also associated with amoxicillin-clavulanate resistance (OR: 3.9 [95% CI: 1.8–8.7]). No association between exposure to other antimicrobial agents and resistance to any of the antimicrobial agents was seen.

CONCLUSIONS:

Recent antimicrobial exposure is associated with antimicrobial-resistant UTIs among pediatric outpatients, and the magnitude of this association decreases with time since exposure. Judicious antimicrobial prescribers should consider this association when selecting empiric antimicrobial agents for a new UTI and should use strategies to reduce unnecessary antimicrobial use to avoid development of resistant bacteria.
Parental Vaccine Safety Concerns in 2009
Authors: Freed Gary L. , Clark Sarah J. , Butchart Amy T. , Singer Dianne C. , Davis Matthew M.
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE:

Vaccine safety concerns can diminish parents' willingness to vaccinate their children. The objective of this study was to characterize the current prevalence of parental vaccine refusal and specific vaccine safety concerns and to determine whether such concerns were more common in specific population groups.

METHODS:

In January 2009, as part of a larger study of parents and nonparents, 2521 online surveys were sent to a nationally representative sample of parents of children who were aged ≤17 years. The main outcome measures were parental opinions on vaccine safety and whether the parent had ever refused a vaccine that a doctor recommended for his or her child.

RESULTS:

The response rate was 62%. Most parents agreed that vaccines protect their child(ren) from diseases; however, more than half of the respondents also expressed concerns regarding serious adverse effects. Overall, 11.5% of the parents had refused at least 1 recommended vaccine. Women were more likely to be concerned about serious adverse effects, to believe that some vaccines cause autism, and to have ever refused a vaccine for their child(ren). Hispanic parents were more likely than white or black parents to report that they generally follow their doctor's recommendations about vaccines for their children and less likely to have ever refused a vaccine. Hispanic parents were also more likely to be concerned about serious adverse effects of vaccines and to believe that some vaccines cause autism.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although parents overwhelmingly share the belief that vaccines are a good way to protect their children from disease, these same parents express concerns regarding the potential adverse effects and especially seem to question the safety of newer vaccines. Although information is available to address many vaccine safety concerns, such information is not reaching many parents in an effective or convincing manner.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Early-Life Risk Factors for Childhood Obesity
Authors: Taveras Elsie M. , Gillman Matthew W. , Kleinman Ken , Rich-Edwards Janet W. , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L.
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE:

By the preschool years, racial/ethnic disparities in obesity prevalence are already present. The objective of this study was to examine racial/ethnic differences in early-life risk factors for childhood obesity.

METHODS:

A total of 1343 white, 355 black, and 128 Hispanic mother–child pairs were studied in a prospective study. Mother's reported child's race/ethnicity. The main outcome measures were risk factors from the prenatal period through 4 years old that are known to be associated with child obesity.

RESULTS:

In multivariable models, compared with their white counterparts, black and Hispanic children exhibited a range of risk factors related to child obesity. In pregnancy, these included higher rates of maternal depression (odds ratio [OR]: 1.55 for black, 1.89 for Hispanic); in infancy more rapid weight gain (OR: 2.01 for black, 1.75 for Hispanic), more likely to introduce solid foods before 4 months of age (OR: 1.91 for black, 2.04 for Hispanic), and higher rates of maternal restrictive feeding practices (OR: 2.59 for black, 3.35 for Hispanic); and after 2 years old, more televisions in their bedrooms (OR: 7.65 for black, 7.99 for Hispanic), higher intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (OR: 4.11 for black, 2.48 for Hispanic), and higher intake of fast food (OR: 1.65 for black, 3.14 for Hispanic). Black and Hispanic children also had lower rates of exclusive breastfeeding and were less likely to sleep at least 12 hours/day in infancy.

CONCLUSIONS:

Racial/ethnic differences in risk factors for obesity exist prenatally and in early childhood. Racial/ethnic disparities in childhood obesity may be determined by factors that operate at the earliest stages of life.
Multiple Markers of Inflammation and Weight Status: Cross-sectional Analyses Throughout Childhood
Authors: Skinner Asheley Cockrell , Steiner Michael J. , Henderson Frederick W. , Perrin Eliana M.
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE:

Inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) are related to obesity in adults, but the association is less clear in children. Our objective was to examine relationships between multiple markers of inflammation and children's weight status; we hypothesized that the prevalence of inflammatory markers would increase as weight status increased.

METHODS:

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of children in the United States aged 1 to 17 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2006. Children were categorized using weight-for-length when age <2 years and BMI for ≥2 years, as very obese (≥99th percentile), obese (<99th and ≥95th percentile), overweight (<95th and ≥85th percentile), and healthy weight (>5th to ≤85th percentile) according to expert consensus. Our main outcome measures were high-sensitivity CRP and absolute neutrophil count, in addition to a novel third measure: ferritin controlled for iron status using a ferritin/transferrin ratio. We used Cox proportional hazards models to examine risk of abnormal values of inflammatory markers according to weight.

RESULTS:

Increased risk of a CRP level of >1.0 mg/L was evident among very obese children from ages 3 to 5 years (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.29; P < .01) through 15 to 17 years (HR: 4.73; P < .01). Increased risk of abnormal neutrophil count among very obese children began at 6 to 8 years (HR: 2.00; P = .049), and increased prevalence of abnormal ferritin/transferrin ratio began at 9 to 11 years (HR: 7.06; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Multiple inflammatory markers are strongly and positively associated with increasing weight status in children, and this relationship starts as young as age 3. Elevated inflammatory markers in very young obese children are particularly concerning, because inflammation may cause long-term, cumulative vascular damage. This deserves additional research via longitudinal design.
Rapid Detoxification of Cereulide in Bacillus cereus Food Poisoning
Authors: Shiota Mitsutaka , Saitou Keiko , Mizumoto Hiroshi , Matsusaka Masanori , Agata Norio , Nakayama Masahiro , Kage Masayoshi , Tatsumi Shinji , Okamoto Akira , Yamaguchi Seiji , Ohta Michio , Hata Daisuke
Published: March 2010

Bacillus cereus is recognized as a major pathogenic bacterium that causes food poisoning and produces gastrointestinal diseases of 2 types: emetic and diarrheal. The emetic type, which is often linked to pasta and rice, arises from a preformed toxin, cereulide, in food. Rapid and accurate diagnostic methods for this emetic toxin are important but are limited. Here we describe 3 patients with B cereus food poisoning in which cereulide was detected and measured sequentially. Three family members began to vomit frequently 30 minutes after consuming reheated fried rice. After 6 hours, a 1-year-old brother died of acute encephalopathy. A 2-year-old sister who presented with unconsciousness recovered rapidly after plasma exchange and subsequent hemodialysis. Their mother recovered soon by fluid therapy. From leftover fried rice and the children's stomach contents, B cereus was isolated. Serum cereulide was detected in both children; it decreased to an undetected level in the sister. These cases highlight the importance of measuring the value of cereulide, which would reflect the severity of B cereus emetic food poisoning. The cases also suggest the possible role of blood-purification therapy in severe cases.
Health Effects of Media on Children and Adolescents
Authors: Strasburger Victor C. , Jordan Amy B. , Donnerstein Ed
Published: March 2010

Youth spend an average of >7 hours/day using media, and the vast majority of them have access to a bedroom television, computer, the Internet, a video-game console, and a cell phone. In this article we review the most recent research on the effects of media on the health and well-being of children and adolescents. Studies have shown that media can provide information about safe health practices and can foster social connectedness. However, recent evidence raises concerns about media's effects on aggression, sexual behavior, substance use, disordered eating, and academic difficulties. We provide recommendations for parents, practitioners, the media, and policy makers, among others, for ways to increase the benefits and reduce the harm that media can have for the developing child and for adolescents.
Paleobiogeographical significance of the Late Silurian microproblematicum Tuxekanella Riding and Soja
Authors: Skompski Stanislaw
Published: March 2010

An enigmatic microproblematicum, Tuxekanella Riding and Soja (1993), has been identified in the shallow water carbonate succession of the Late Silurian Skala formation (Podolia, Ukraine). the newly found specimens suggest most probably the algal nature of this enigmatic microfossil. Tuxekanella is known only from two extremely distant regions at the moment: the Alexander terrane in Alaska and Podolia. the possibility of their paleobiogeographical link is discussed in the context of paleotectonic models, assuming the peri-Gondwanan origin of the Alexander Terrane.
The Middle Eocene Belosaepia ungula (Cephalopoda: Coleoida) from Texas: structure, ontogeny and function
Authors: Yancey Thomas E. , Garvie Christopher L. , Wicksten Mary
Published: March 2010

The ontogeny of Belosaepia ungula Gabb, 1860 from the Crockett Formation (Bartonian stage, Eocene) of Texas is documented for growth from embryo to old age. During the last stage of life, much skeletal resorption occurred, resulting in a major change in form of the skeleton. the animal produced a large skeleton (to 180 mm in length and 50 mm in diameter) with endogastric coiling, oblique septa and a very large siphuncle. the skeleton has a guard with a solid posterior prong, a posteroventral corona plate and a noded dorsal shield. the ventral margin of the skeleton consists of a thin flattened deck containing strongly recurved septa, conotheca and a secondary prismatic shell layer. New terms are defined for features of the skeleton not previously described. the microstructure of the ventral deck and the presence of a rod structure between the prong and callus are described for the first time. Chamberlets similar to those in living Sepia cuttlebones are present between closely spaced septa and they vary from walled units on lateral margins to pillar form in mid-ventor. the siphuncle is secondarily thickened within the dorsal interior, producing a siphuncle band. the skeleton was produced by a deep-bodied animal of demersal life habits. the species B. uncinata, B. harrisi and B. alabamensis voltzi proposed by Palmer (1937) are synonymised with B. ungula. the species B. veatchii and B. saccaria of Palmer (1937) are considered to be valid species, but B. alabamensis proposed by Palmer (1937) is synonymised with B. veatchii. Descriptions of belosaepiid species must be based only on specimens of adult size that have not been affected by resorption.
Revision of the anguine lizard Pseudopus laurillardi (Squamata, Anguidae) from the Miocene of Europe, with comments on paleoecology
Authors: Klembara Jozef , Böhme Madelaine , Rummel Michael
Published: March 2010

A revision of the Early-Middle Miocene anguine, Pseudopus laurillardi (Lartet, 1851), is presented based on a detailed anatomical analysis of one newly discovered articulated specimen and numerous disarticulated cranial and postcranial elements from several localities in Germany, as well as on the restudy of the original skeletal material of Lartet. the articulated specimen represents the first record of an articulated anguine from the Neogene. We demonstrate that the contemporaneous anguine Propseudopus fraasii (= Pseudopus fraasi, Pseudopus moguntinus or Ophisaurus moguntinus) from Germany and elsewhere in Europe represents a junior synonym of P. laurillardi. Three species of Pseudopus can by discriminated in the Cenozoic of Eurasia: P. laurillardi (Early-Middle Miocene of Europe), P. pannonicus (Late Miocene-Middle Pleistocene of central and eastern Europe) and P. apodus (Late Pleistocene-Recent, from Eastern Europe to central Asia). Eleven morphological characters of the skull have been identified that distinguish Pseudopus laurillardi from P. pannonicus and P. apodus. Four of these characters regard the frontal and parietal bones, whereas all other characters regard the dentary and dentition. the genus Pseudopus represents the largest and most robust taxon in the subfamily Anguinae and first occurs in central Europe at the beginning of MN 4 (~18.5 Ma). in contrast to the extant species, P. apodus, the fossils P. laurillardi and P. pannonicus had a greater ecological plasticity and lived in various types of environments. the fossil remains of these taxa are most frequently found in localities characterized by sub-humid to humid climate, which may indicate that their preferential habitats include forested environments.
Chondrichthyans from the Lower Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale (Upper Cretaceous: Middle Turonian) of Emery and Carbon Counties, Utah, USA
Authors: Becker Martin A. , Wellner Robert W. , Mallery Christopher S. , Chamberlain John A.
Published: March 2010

The Lower Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale in southeastern Utah preserves a chondrichthyan assemblage of at least 13 taxa that include:Hybodussp.,Ptychoduscf.P. mammillarisAgassiz, 1843,Ptychodus whippleiMarcou, 1858, cf.Chiloscylliumsp.,Scapanorhynchus raphiodon(Agassiz, 1843),Cretodus crassidens(Dixon, 1850), cf.Leptostyraxsp., cf.Cretalamna appendiculata(Agassiz, 1835),Squalicoraxsp.,Pseudohypolophus mcnultyi(Thurmond, 1971),Protoplatyrhina hopiiWilliamson, Kirkland and Lucas, 1993,Ischyrhiza schneideri(Slaughter and Steiner, 1968), andPtychotrygon triangularis(Reuss, 1844). Although this assemblage is typical of other Turonian chondrichthyan faunas in North America, fossil teeth are preserved in two unique facies associations that consist of arenitic sandstones with mud interclasts and rounded chert, feldspar, and quartz pebbles. the coarser beds within these facies associations are previously interpreted to represent storm events and turbidity flows associated with a sea level lowstand. Chondrichthyan teeth occurring within these coarser beds are indicative of extensive transport and reworking and attest to the durable nature of chondrichthyan teeth for biostratigraphic and paleoecological interpretations. Similar studies of chondrichthyan teeth in shelf marine settings may also provide new insights for facies interpretations related to sequence stratigraphy and regional stratigraphic correlations.
Extinct peccary“Cynorca” occidentale(Tayassuidae, Tayassuinae) from the Miocene of Panama and correlations to North America
Authors: Macfadden Bruce J. , Kirby Michael X. , Rincon Aldo , Montes Camilo , Moron Sara , Strong Nikki , Jaramillo Carlos
Published: March 2010

Recently collected specimens of the extinct tayassuine peccary“Cynorca” occidentale(and another indeterminant tayassuid) are described from new excavations along the southern reaches of the Panama Canal. Fossil peccaries were previously unknown from Panama, and these new tayassuid specimens therefore add to the extinct mammalian biodiversity in this region.“Cynorca” occidentaleoccurs in situ in the Centenario Fauna (new name) from both the upper part of the Culebra Formation and overlying Cucaracha Formation, thus encompassing a stratigraphic interval that includes both of these formations and the previously described and more restricted Gaillard Cut Local Fauna.“Cynorca” occidentaleis a primitive member of the clade that gives rise to modern tayassuines in the New World. Diagnostic characters for“C.” occidentaleinclude a retained primitive M1, reduced M3, and shallow mandible, and this species is small relative to most other extinct and modern tayassuine peccaries. Based on the closest biostratigraphic comparisions (Maryland, Florida, Texas, and California), the presence of“C.” occidentaleindicates an interval of uncertain duration within the early Hemingfordian (He1) to early Barstovian (Ba 1) land mammal ages (early to middle Miocene) for the Centenario Fauna, between about 19 and 14.8 million years ago. Based on what is known of the modern ecology of tayassuines and previous paleoecological interpretations for Panama,“C.” occidentalelikely occupied a variety of environments, ranging from forested to open country habitat mosaics and fed on the diverse array of available plants.
Thailandina and Neothailandina, and their subfamily Thailandininae: an example of an invalid taxonomic group of Permian fusuline foraminifera
Authors: Kobayashi Fumio , Ross Charles A. , Ross June R. P.
Published: March 2010

Toriyama and Kanmera (1968), in one of their studies of fusulines from the Rat Buri Limestone, Thailand, proposed two Permian fusuline foraminifer genera, Thailandina and Neothailandina. Based on these two genera they established the subfamily Thailandininae and placed it in the family Neoschwagerinidae. the tests of these genera are invariably replaced by secondary mineralization to a finegrained mosaic calcite such as seen in specimens of Staffellidae. the thailandinid wall was apparently originally composed of a tectum and keriotheca.
Ontogeny and ventral median suture of the ptychaspidid trilobite Asioptychaspis subglobosa (Sun, 1924) from the Furongian (Upper Cambrian) Hwajeol Formation, Korea
Authors: Park Tae-Yoon , Choi Duck K.
Published: March 2010

The order Asaphida has been characterized by the possession of a globular protaspis and a ventral median suture. the superfamily Dikelocephaloidea was included in the Asaphida, although there has been no reliable ontogenetic information for this superfamily, and thus whether dikelocephaloids had a protaspis of globular shape has remained unclear. the ontogenetic study of the dikelocephaloid trilobite, Asioptychaspis subglobosa, from Korea reveals that the protaspis of A. subglobosa is not of globular morphology but of general benthic adult-like morphology, heralding that the Dikelocephaloidea may not be closely related to other trilobite groups within the Order Asaphida. This protaspid morphology is clearly distinguished from the highly globular protaspis of the Remopleuridioidea, which has been considered the sister group to the Dikelocephaloidea. in addition, the ontogenetic development of the free cheeks shows that A. subglobosa possessed anteriorly yoked free cheeks during the early phase of development but formed a ventral median suture by splitting the yoked cheeks in the later phase of ontogeny. This contrasts with the previously suggested mode of ventral median suture formation of the Order Asaphida. This alternative mode of ventral median suture formation of A. subglobosa, along with non-asaphoid protaspid morphology, warrants removal of the Dikelocephaloidea from the current Order Asaphida. This study further demonstrates that the ventral median suture did not evolve only once in the evolutionary history of trilobites. With the addition of the mode here documented for Asioptychaspis, the ventral median suture is now known to have developed independently and in a different fashion at least three times in the history of Cambrian trilobites.
New cyriacotheriid pantodonts (Mammalia, Pantodonta) from the Paleocene of Alberta, Canada, and the relationships of Cyriacotheriidae
Authors: Scott Craig S.
Published: March 2010

Cyriacotheriidae are a family of unusual small-bodied pantodonts known from the Paleocene of the Western Interior of North America. Cyriacotheriids possess a suite of dental characters similar to that of pantodonts (e.g., molar dilambdodonty, lingual molar hypoconulids), as well as several divergent features (e.g., molarized premolars, strong molar conules) that have been interpreted as “dermopteran-like.” the unusual combination of pantodont and dermopteran-like characters, combined with a limited fossil record, has made attempts at understanding the broader relationships of Cyriacotheriidae difficult. This paper reports on a new genus and two new species of cyriacotheriids from the Paleocene of Alberta, Canada, with both species significantly older than those of the only previously described cyriacotheriid,Cyriacotherium.Collectively, the dentitions of these new taxa exhibit derived characters seen inCyriacotherium(e.g., robust molar conules, strong molar dilambdodonty) in addition to a number of plesiomorphies seen in more basal pantodonts (e.g., conspicuous molar entoconids, deep premolar ectoflexus) and, importantly, posterior premolars that are weakly molariform and non-dilambdodont. A phylogenetic analysis of the new cyriacotheriid, basal pantodonts, dermopterans, and dermopteran-like eutherians resulted in Cyriacotheriidae nesting within a monophyletic Pantodonta. the results strengthen previous hypotheses regarding the pantodont affinities of the family, and suggest that the dermopteran-like features seen in the more derivedCyriacotheriumwere acquired convergently. Although the discovery of new cyriacotheriids sheds light on the evolutionary history of the family, it cannot resolve the ongoing questions of pantodont origins; nonetheless, their discovery in strata of early Paleocene age indicates that significant parts of the evolutionary history of Cyriacotheriidae, and North American pantodonts more generally, have yet to be discovered.
Champsosaurus (Diapsida: Choristodera) from the Paleocene of west Texas: paleoclimatic implications
Authors: Lehman Thomas M. , Barnes Ken
Published: March 2010

A specimen of the aquatic reptile Champsosaurus sp. from the Paleocene Black Peaks Formation in southwestern Texas is the southernmost yet known. the fragmentary specimen exhibits some unusual features, such as a great anterior extent of the quadratojugal on the lower temporal arch, and cannot be attributed with confidence to any of the named species. Champsosaurus appears to have been tolerant of temperate climates and had a northern latitudinal range exceeding that of crocodylians. It seems likely that the brief southward extension in range of Champsosaurus during early Paleocene time resulted from a decrease in mean annual temperature, comparable to over 10° of paleolatitude.
Life cycle of Early Cambrian microalgae from theSkiagia-plexus acritarchs
Authors: Moczydłowska Małgorzata
Published: March 2010

Light microscopy studies on new materials and museum collections of early Cambrian organic-walled microfossils, informally called acritarchs, provide the observations on phenetic features that permit a comparison to certain Modern microalgae and the recognition of various developmental stages in their life cycle. the microfossils derive from various depositional settings in Estonia, Australia, Greenland, Sweden, and Poland. the exceptionally preserved microfossils reveal the internal body within the vesicle, the endocyst, and the process of releasing the endocyst from the cyst. Vegetative cells, cysts, and endocysts are distinguished, and the hypothetical reconstruction of a complex life cycle with the alternation of sexual and asexual generations is proposed. Acritarchs from theSkiagia-plexus are cysts, and likely zygotes in the sexual generation, which periodically rested as “benthic plankton.” Some microfossils of theLeiosphaeridia-plexus that are inferred to be vegetative cells were planktonic and probably haplobiontic. These form-taxa may belong to a single biological species, or a few closely related species, and represent the developmental stages and alternating generations in a complex life cycle that is expressed by polymorphic, sphaero- and acanthomorphic acritarchs. the morphological resemblance and diagnostic cell wall ultrastructure with the trilaminar sheath structure known from earlier studies suggest that the early Cambrian microfossils are the ancestral representatives and/or early lineages to the Modern class Chlorophyceae and the orders Volvocales and Chlorococcales.
Expression and association of TRPC subtypes with Orai1 and STIM1 in human parathyroid
Authors: Lu Ming , Bränström Robert , Berglund Erik , Höög Anders , Björklund Peyman , Westin Gunnar , Larsson Catharina , Farnebo Lars-Ove , Forsberg Lars
Published: March 2010

The mechanism behind Ca2+ entry into the parathyroid cells has been widely debated, and the molecular identities of the responsible ion channels have not been established yet. In this study, we show that the parathyroid cells lack voltage-operated Ca2+ channels. Passive store depletion by thapsigargin, on the other hand, induces a large non-voltage-activated non-selective cation current. The increase in intracellular Ca2+ caused by thapsigargin is attenuated by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, a blocker of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Candidate molecules for non-voltage-operated Ca2+ signaling were investigated. These included members of the transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) ion channel family, as well as Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ modulator 1 (Orai1) and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) that are key proteins in the SOCE pathway. Using RT-PCR screening, quantitative real-time PCR, and western blot, we showed expression of TRPC1, TRPC4, and TRPC6; Orai1; and STIM1 genes and proteins in normal and adenomatous human parathyroid tissues. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated a ternary complex of TRPC1–Orai1–STIM1, supporting a physical interaction between these molecules in human parathyroid.
The Microbiota Associated With Implants Restored With Platform Switching: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Canullo Luigi , Quaranta Alessandro , Teles Ricardo P.
Published: March 2010

Background: It was demonstrated that implants restored according to a platform‐switching concept presented less crestal bone loss than implants restored with standard protocols. The aim of this study is to examine differences between the composition of the peri‐implant microbiotas associated with implants restored with the platform‐switching approach and implants restored with a standard internal connection protocol.

Methods: A total of 48 implants were examined in 18 subjects: 33 implants were restored with platform switching, and 15 implants were restored using the traditional approach. Thirty‐six months after prosthetic loading, subgingival plaque samples were taken from the mesio‐ and disto‐buccal aspects of each implant and from one tooth adjacent to one of the implants in each subject. The levels of 40 subgingival species were measured using checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization. Microbiologic parameters were averaged within each subject and across subjects in each clinical group (platform switching versus control) and site category (implants versus teeth) separately. The significance of differences between clinical groups and site categories was determined using the Mann‐Whitney test and the Wilcoxon test, respectively.

Results: There were no statistically significant differences between groups for any of the species. The platform‐switching group showed a small trend for lower levels of early colonizer members of the Actinomyces, purple and yellow complexes, Campylobacter species, Tannerella forsythia (previously T. forsythensis), and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Teeth and implants presented similar microbial profiles.

Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that the difference in bone crest resorption between implants restored with platform switching compared to traditionally restored implants is not associated with differences in the peri‐implant microbiota.
The Significance of the Lingual Nerve During Periodontal/Implant Surgery
Authors: Chan Hsun‐Liang , Leong Daylene J.M. , Fu Jia‐Hui , Yeh Chu‐Yuan , Tatarakis Nikolaos , Wang Hom‐Lay
Published: March 2010

Background: Understanding the position of the lingual nerve is important when performing third molar extractions and periodontal and implant surgeries in the mandible. The careless management of the lingual flap can potentially cause damage to the lingual nerve. The location of the lingual nerve in the third molar region was described in the literature; however, to our knowledge, its course mesial to the third molar region was not reported. The aim of this study is to identify and measure the location of lingual nerves in relation to mandibular teeth in fresh cadaver heads.

Methods: Thirty lingual nerves from 18 cadaver heads were dissected, and the vertical distance from the lingual nerve to the mid‐lingual cemento‐enamel junctions of mandibular molars and premolars and the position where the lingual nerve left the lingual plate and moved toward the tongue were determined. Two cadaver heads were randomly selected and exposed to cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans after the insertion of a wrought wire into the nerve. The same vertical distance as the clinical measurement was determined and compared.

Results: Seventy‐five percent of lingual nerves turned toward the tongue at the first and second molar region. The vertical distance was 9.6, 13, and 14.8 mm at the second molar, first molar, and second premolar, respectively. The difference between clinical and CBCT measurements was 0.57 ± 2.62 mm.

Conclusions: The course of the lingual nerve in relation to posterior teeth was described. This information can help surgeons gain more understanding of the location of the lingual nerve and perform safe surgeries in the mandible.
Buccal Bifurcation Cyst in a 7‐Year‐Old: Surgical Management and 14‐Month Follow‐Up
Authors: Thikkurissy S. , Glazer Kate M. , McNamara Kristin K. , Tatakis Dimitris N.
Published: March 2010

Background: The buccal bifurcation cyst (BBC) is a paradental cyst that typically presents on the buccal aspect of mandibular permanent first molars in children 6 to 11 years of age. Histopathologic features are non‐specific and closely resemble other inflammatory odontogenic cysts. The aim of this article is to report a case of a BBC and to review the management of such lesions.

Methods: A 7‐year‐old white male, complaining of lower right tooth pain and swelling, presented to the Nationwide Children's Hospital Dental Clinic. A clinical examination revealed no caries and swelling localized to the area approximating tooth #30 with a 15‐mm probing depth on the buccal aspect. Radiographs revealed a radiolucency involving the bifurcation and root area of tooth #30, accompanied by the distal displacement of unerupted tooth #31. Therapy consisted of a simple surgical enucleation of the cyst.

Results: A microscopic evaluation revealed a chronically inflamed cyst lined by a non‐keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The immediate postoperative course was uneventful. At 14 months postoperatively, the development of teeth #30 and #31 was noted as normal. Probing depths around tooth #30 were ≤4 mm, tooth #31 was no longer displaced, and no recurrence was detected.

Conclusion: The simple surgical enucleation of the BBC provided good short‐ and long‐term outcomes without compromising the development of associated molars.
Osteotome Sinus Floor Elevation and Simultaneous Implant Placement in Grafted Biomaterial Sockets: 3 Years of Follow‐Up
Authors: Crespi Roberto , Capparè Paolo , Gherlone Enrico
Published: March 2010

Background: Immediate bone grafting procedures were proposed to preserve bone volume in residual damaged alveolar walls and to prevent the expansion of the sinus floor in the maxillary molar region. The use of an osteotome allows vertical bone augmentation and localized sinus elevation with minimal surgical trauma. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcome of implants placed in previously grafted alveoli that were expanded at a second‐stage surgery by an osteotome technique.

Methods: Twenty patients requiring extraction of one or two upper molar teeth and/or a second premolar were selected. Thirty teeth were extracted, and their fresh sockets immediately received magnesium‐enriched hydroxyapatite as a graft material. Three months after bone filling, osteotome sinus floor elevations were performed in grafted sites, and 30 titanium dental implants were placed. Three months after implant placement, temporary restorations were performed. Follow‐up examinations and intraoral digital radiographs were taken at baseline and 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after implant placement to evaluate the alveolar bone gain for each implant. Comparisons among mean values of alveolar bone gain over time were performed by the Student two‐tailed t test.

Results: At the 36‐month follow‐up, a survival rate of 100% was reported for all implants. The alveolar bone gain after 6 months of healing was 2.41 ± 1.23 mm. Successively, after 12 months, the bone gain increased (3.85 ± 1.37 mm). At 24 and 36 months after implant placement, the levels were stable (3.86 ± 1.50 mm and 3.82 ± 1.57 mm, respectively). Statistical analyses showed a significant difference (P <0.05) only between the 6‐ and 12‐month values.

Conclusion: At the 36‐month follow‐up, the use of the osteotome technique for vertical expansion of the grafted tissue was considered a predictable procedure in the implant surgery.
Late-Holocene evolution of a coastal lagoon in the Gulf of Lions (South of France)
Authors: Sabatier Pierre , Dezileau Laurent , Barbier Mickaël , Raynal Olivier , Lofi Johanna , Briqueu Louis , Condomines Michel , Bouchette Frédéric , Certain Raphaël , Van Grafenstein Ulrich , Jorda Christophe , Blanchemanche Philippe
Published: March 2010

The central part of the Gulf of Lions shoreline is characterized by many coastal wetlands that resulted from the interaction between a process of shoreline regularization by migrations of littoral barriers and a slow filling of the back-barrier areas by the riverine and marine inputs. Analyses of Late-Holocene deposits with a very high-resolution multi-proxy study of two sediment cores, allow us to reconstruct the evolution of this coastal system. Two main Holocene sediment units are identified overlying a Pliocene carbonate continental formation. The lower unit consists of sandy and pebbly marine sediments deposited around 7800 B.P., during the final stand of the last sea level rise. Just above, the upper unit displays lagoonal grey clay silts with shells and some intercalated layers of silty sands related to paleostorm events. The age model was established from radiocarbon dating, for the oldest part of the core. Over the last century, sedimentation rates were calculated using the CFCS 210Pb model, together with 137Cs data. Radiocarbon data show an increase in the accumulation rate from the base to the top of cores. Marine sand units related to the last transgressive deposit allow to refine the curve of Holocene post-glacial sea level rise. Sedimentological and faunal analyses associated with chronological data provide a means for reconstructing the Late-Holocene paleoenvironments along this part of the coast and suggest that the final closure of the coastal lagoon by the sandy barrier occurred at around 730 ± 120 yr cal B.P. The beginning of this closure, together with the progradation of the coastal plain, could be responsible for the decline in economic activity of the Lattara harbour during the Roman period.
Seismic stratigraphy of the Vendean-Armorican platform of the French Atlantic shelf: new insights into the history of the North Atlantic ocean
Authors: Huerta Pedro , Proust Jean-Noël , Guennoc Pol , Thinon Isabelle
Published: March 2010

The evolution of the North-Atlantic Ocean from its rifting stage during the Upper Jurassic until the present-day passive margin is recorded by the sedimentary wedge of eastern French-Atlantic platform. The study of a dense network of high resolution seismic profiles on the Vendean-Armorican platform (VAP) obtained during INSU-CNRS cruise “Geovend”, led to the characterization of the architecture of the sediment wedge preserved between the coast and Armorican margin shelf edge. This sediment wedge lies on a substratum composed of metamorphic and magmatic rocks of Palaeozoic age (Ub). The sediment wedge comprises six seismic units (U1-U6) bounded by regional unconformities: Jurassic marine succession (U1), Upper Cretaceous marine rocks (U2), Eocene-Oligocene marine deposits of the incipient VAP (U3), Miocene (U4) and Plio-Quaternary (U5) marine deposits overlain by the last sea-level rise ravinement deposits (U6). Above the basal unconformity at the top of Ub, the units are bounded by angular unconformities (top of U1, U2, U3), truncation with channel incision (top U4) or planar marine ravinement (top of U5) surfaces.

Most of these unconformities are due to the tectonic activity of the bay of Biscay during the Mesozoic including (1) the North Atlantic rifting during the Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, (2) the propagation of the ocean crust and counterclockwise rotation of the Iberian block during the Aptian-Albian to Coniacian (magnetic anomaly 33–34) producing troughs at the top of U1 filled by downlapping U2 sediment wedges, (3) the Alpine compression at the origin of folding and faulting and the unconformable deposition of U3, and (4) the late compressive deformation during the Miocene that affected U4. The VAP acquires its actual configuration during U4. Sedimentation on the platform was then affected by climatically-controlled relative sea-level changes (U5 to U6) that forced U5 shelf margin sediment deposition above an incised unconformity and subsequently overlain by U6 transgressive sediment blanketing.

One of the main interest of the VAP area is the existence of pre- to post-rift units that helps to decipher with high resolution seismics the long-lived evolution of the Armorican margin. Such units are preserved because of the specific characters of this area located on the flank of the former Aquitaine basin (near the “celtaquitaine” flexure) and the presence of the Rochebonne basement high.

The VAP thus displays most of the tectonosedimentary evolution of the West Atlantic margins. This paper would however constitute a basis for comparisons to other examples around the Atlantic ocean and then contribute to strengthen the running models of passive margin evolution.
Health-Related Variables and Functional Fitness among Older Adults
Authors: Wilkin Linda D. , Haddock Bryan L.
Published: March 2010

This study assesses the functional fitness of a convenient sample of older adults (>70 years), to examine correlations between functional fitness and several other health-related variables and to compare with criterion performance data as established by Rikli and Jones (2001). One hundred and seven community-dwelling older adults with an average age of 78.36 ± 5.60 years performed the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) and responded to several health-related questionnaires. The SFT scores were similar to the scores in the low-active group data published by Rikli and Jones (1999b). There was a strong correlation between the 30-second arm curl and the 2-minute step-in-place ( r = .54, p < .01). More than one-half of the participants performed in the normal range or above normal range, according to the criterion performance data. This demonstrates a high level of functional fitness.
Internet Method in Bereavement Research: Comparison of Online and Offline Surveys
Authors: Tolstikova Katerina , Chartier Brian
Published: March 2010

This study examines the reliability and validity of internet research in bereavement. Recent literature demonstrates an increased interest in utilizing a more convenient, inexpensive, and rapid internet method to collect data and recruit bereaved participants. For researchers, the internet offers the possibility to learn more about grief from the growing online community of bereaved people. To explore the possible use of internet tools in bereavement research, this study compares online survey method with traditional paper-and-pencil method in grief assessment. One group of bereaved adults ( N = 84) was recruited and completed the survey by mail, and another group of bereaved adults ( N =262) was recruited and completed the same set of questions via internet. The collected data were analyzed to identify both similarities and differences between the two samples' responses and the psychometric characteristics of the Core Bereavement Items inventory (CBI; Burnett, Middleton, Raphael, & Martinek, 1997). Significant differences were found between the two samples in relation to time since loss, cause of death, and relationship to deceased, demonstrating a greater variability in the internet sample. Other demographic characteristics, as well as the grief and meaning making scores, did not differ significantly. In addition, no relevant differences were found in the psychometric properties of the CBI. These findings suggest that the internet-based methods can be a suitable and valid alternative to more traditional paper-and-pencil methods.
Thermal Analysis of Meat Emulsion Cooking Process by Computer Simulation and Experimental Measurement
Authors: Diéguez Pedro María , Beriain María José , Insausti Kizkitza , Arrizubieta María Jesús
Published: March 2010

The Finite Element Method was used to calculate the heat transfer processes that take place during cooking of meat emulsions formulated with different amounts of pork fat or olive oil. Experimental data acquired in the pilot plant were used to validate the theoretical model obtained by computer simulation. The results indicate that the computer simulation predicts to a good approximation. The most important parameters were cooking time and temperature of the meat emulsions. In addition, the theoretical model provides information about the temperature fields for all points in the meat emulsion. For a given fat content, no differences were found in the thermal properties of the emulsions elaborated with pork back fat or olive oil (p >0.05). Instead, the different fat and water content of the meat emulsion formulation determined the differences in the temperature-time evolution during the cooking process.
Spinal deformity and Parkinson disease: a treatment algorithm
Authors: Upadhyaya Cheerag D. , Starr Philip A. , Mummaneni Praveen V.
Published: March 2010

Object

The authors review the literature on the treatment of spinal deformity in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and formulate a treatment algorithm.

Methods

The authors provide representative cases of patients with PD and spinal deformity who underwent deep brain stimulation (DBS) or spinal surgery.

Results

In patients with PD and spinal deformity who undergo spinal surgery there is a high rate of acute and delayed complications. Patients who undergo DBS, while having significantly fewer complications, often do not regain sagittal balance.

Conclusions

Cases involving PD and camptocormia have a high rate of complications when spinal surgery is performed. The authors prefer to offer spinal surgery only to patients with coexisting spinal stenosis causing radiculopathy or myelopathy. Patients with PD and camptocormia without spinal stenosis may be considered for DBS, but the results are mixed.
Einflussfaktoren des Naherholungsverhaltens im periurbanen Raum | Factors influencing nearby outdoor recreation behaviour in periurban regions
Authors: Degenhardt Barbara , Kienast Felix , Buchecker Matthias
Published: March 2010

A growing number of people live in agglomerations, and the need for nearby outdoor spaces that provide the population with opportunities for recovery and to sustain health is increasing. However, urban sprawl dissects and consumes near-natural outdoor spaces in periurban regions. In order to manage and design the remaining nearby outdoor recreation areas to support public health, it is necessary to understand which factors influence nearby outdoor recreation in periurban forest and open country. This article reports on this question by investigating personal, social, and spatial influence factors in qualitative interviews (N = 15) and in a representative survey (N = 656) of the inhabitants of Frauenfeld, Switzerland. Multilinear regression techniques were used to link declared presence/absence to landscape properties and to generate preference maps for the area. We found that short distance, accessibility on foot, workloads, and a person's area knowledge significantly influence workday use frequency of nearby outdoor recreation areas, and that recreation infrastructure is little used on workdays. The most frequently visited sites have a dense small-road and trail network, allow accessibility to rivers or creeks, and enable the users to have an overview of a larger part of the landscape. Recommendations for the design of nearby outdoor recreation areas are given.