bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predict marital satisfaction based on the variables of socioeconomic status (SES) and social support, mediated by mental health, in women of reproductive age: Path analysis model
Authors: Rashidi Fakari Farzaneh , Doulabi Mahbobeh Ahmadi , Mahmoodi Zohreh
Published: February 2022

Background

The present study aimed to predict marital satisfaction based on the variables of socioeconomic status (SES) and social support, mediated by mental health, in women of reproductive age using the path analysis model.

Methods

This descriptive‐analytical study was conducted on 608 women referred to clinics affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2021 using multistage sampling. Data were collected using a personal‐demographic questionnaire, the SES scale developed by Garmaroudi et al. in Iran, the Perceived Social Support scale, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), and the ENRICH marital satisfaction scale. Data were analyzed in SPSS and LISREL‐1.96 software at a significance level of p < .05.

Results

Most surveyed women were aged 21–30 years (50.2%) and were housewives (68%). According to the results of the path analysis test, among the variables that were causally related to marital satisfaction in only one path, depression had the highest negative correlation with marital satisfaction in the direct path (B = −0.23), SES the highest positive correlation in the indirect path (B = 2.336), and social support the highest positive correlation both in the direct and indirect paths (B = 0.365).

Conclusion

The results showed that more favorable social support and SES are associated with higher marital satisfaction while a higher level of depression is associated with a lower marital satisfaction. Therefore, these factors play important roles in marriage sustainability and marital satisfaction.
Clinical and molecular assessment of an onco‐immune signature with prognostic significance in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Ahluwalia Pankaj , Mondal Ashis K. , Ahluwalia Meenakshi , Sahajpal Nikhil S. , Jones Kimya , Jilani Yasmeen , Gahlay Gagandeep K. , Barrett Amanda , Kota Vamsi , Rojiani Amyn M. , Kolhe Ravindra
Published: February 2022

Understanding the complex tumor microenvironment is key to the development of personalized therapies for the treatment of cancer including colorectal cancer (CRC). In the past decade, significant advances in the field of immunotherapy have changed the paradigm of cancer treatment. Despite significant improvements, tumor heterogeneity and lack of appropriate classification tools for CRC have prevented accurate risk stratification and identification of a wider patient population that may potentially benefit from targeted therapies. To identify novel signatures for accurate prognostication of CRC, we quantified gene expression of 12 immune‐related genes using a medium‐throughput NanoString quantification platform in 93 CRC patients. Multivariate prognostic analysis identified a combined four‐gene prognostic signature (TGFB1, PTK2, RORC, and SOCS1) (HR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.05–2.95, *p < 0.02). The survival trend was captured in an independent gene expression data set: GSE17536 (177 patients; HR: 3.31, 95% CI: 1.99–5.55, *p < 0.01) and GSE14333 (226 patients; HR: 2.47, 95% CI: 1.35–4.53, *p < 0.01). Further, gene set enrichment analysis of the TCGA data set associated higher prognostic scores with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inflammatory pathways. Comparatively, a lower prognostic score was correlated with oxidative phosphorylation and MYC and E2F targets. Analysis of immune parameters identified infiltration of T‐reg cells, CD8+ T cells, M2 macrophages, and B cells in high‐risk patient groups along with upregulation of immune exhaustion genes. This molecular study has identified a novel prognostic gene signature with clinical utility in CRC. Therefore, along with prognostic features, characterization of immune cell infiltrates and immunosuppression provides actionable information that should be considered while employing personalized medicine.
Control of common weeds in Wisconsin soybean cropping systems with pre‐emergence herbicides
Authors: Ribeiro Victor , Coura Oliveira Maxwel , Smith Daniel H. , Barbosa dos Santos José , Werle Rodrigo
Published: February 2022

The integration of pre‐emergence (PRE) herbicides is an important component of sustainable long‐term weed management programs in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 11 PRE herbicides on residual weed control in soybean. Field experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 at Arlington and Lancaster, WI. Herbicide treatments consisted of imazethapyr, chlorimuron‐ethyl, and cloransulam‐methyl (acetolactate synthase [ALS] inhibitors), metribuzin (photosystem II [PSII] inhibitor), sulfentrazone, flumioxazin, and saflufenacil (protoporphyrinogen oxidase [PPO] inhibitors), acetochlor, S‐metolachlor, dimethenamid‐P, and pyroxasulfone (very long‐chain fatty acid [VLCFA] inhibitors), and a nontreated control. Predominant weed species included common lambsquarters, [Chenopodium album (L.)], common purslane [Portulaca oleracea (L.)], common ragweed [Ambrosia artemisiifolia (L.)], giant foxtail (Setaria faberi Herrm.), waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J.D. Sauer], and yellow foxtail [Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.]. Visual weed control was assessed by species and weed biomass across species 65 days after treatment (DAT). The PRE herbicide efficacy varied across site‐years due to the different weed species present at each site. The ALS inhibitors controlled common purslane and common lambsquarters ≥95% 65 DAT at Arlington and Lancaster in 2018 but controlled waterhemp <50% at Lancaster in 2018 and 2019. The PPO inhibitors controlled waterhemp >90% 65 DAT at Lancaster in 2018 and 2019. The VLCFA inhibitors controlled common purslane, common lambsquarters, foxtail species, and waterhemp ≥70% 65 DAT across site‐years but ≤30% common ragweed control at Arlington in 2019. Results showcase the importance of knowing the weed species composition in the seedbank within each field; this can assist growers and crop advisers with selection of the appropriate effective PRE herbicide(s) that matches the weed species composition in each individual field.
Prelithiation Reagents and Strategies on High Energy Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xin Chen , Gao Jian , Luo Rui , Zhou Weidong
Published: February 2022

Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely employed in energy‐storage applications owing to the relatively higher energy density and longer cycling life. However, they still need further improvement especially on the energy density to satisfy the increasing demands on the market. In this respect, the irreversible capacity loss (ICL) in the initial cycle is a critical challenge due to the lithium loss during the formation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the anode surface. The strategy of prelithiation was then proposed to compensate for the ICL in the anode and recover the energy density. Here, various methods of the prelithiation are summarized and classified according to the basic working mechanism. Further, considering the critical importance and promising progress of prelithiation in both fundamental research and real applications, this Review article is intended to discuss the considerations involved in the selection of prelithiation reagents/strategies and the electrochemical performance in full‐cells. Moreover, insights are provided regarding the practical application prospects and the challenges that still need to be addressed.
Towards Nitrogen‐Rich N‐Heteropolycycles: Synthesis of Octaazaperopyrenes (OAPP)
Authors: Wesp Tobias , Bruckhoff Tim , Petry Julian , Wadepohl Hubert , Gade Lutz H.
Published: February 2022

Ortho substituted octaazaperopyrenes (OAPPs) are a new class of functional dyes characterized by their strong electron‐accepting behavior. Herein, the synthesis, as well as the electrochemical and photo physical properties of an OAPP dye, is reported. The OAPP target was prepared via selective nucleophilic substitution at the peri position of a bay chlorinated tetraazaperylene by introduction of four amino‐substituents. The resulting tetraminoperylene was reacted with different acyl chlorides and anhydrides to give the twisted bay chlorinated OAPP derivatives which were isolated in their reduced dihydro‐form. The OAPP target could be obtained via a palladium catalyzed dehalogenation and a subsequent oxidation. The eightfold isosteric [CH→N] replacement within the peropyrene core structure results in a large decrease of the frontier orbital energies, rendering the target compound a potent oxidant while preserving the planarity of the aromatic core. The radical anion was obtained by reduction of the OAPP with KC8 and characterized by EPR spectroscopy. A general discussion of the number and location of [CH→N] replacements in peropyrene structures and their frontier orbital energies is provided.
Statistical Design of Experiments in the Catalyst Validation of a Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 Catalyst for PtM Applications
Authors: Walter Jan , Pätzold Carsten , Bertau Martin
Published: February 2022

Methanol stellt als flüssiger Energieträger und C1‐Baustein eine wichtige Komponente zur Speicherung von elektrischer Energie aus erneuerbaren Quellen dar. Die Erzeugung von „grünem Methanol“ aus Strom (Power‐to‐Methanol) ist ein sektorübergreifender Ansatz zur Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien. Kupferbasierte Katalysatoren für die Methanolsynthese aus CO eignen sich auch zur Umsetzung von CO2 mit regenerativ erzeugtem Wasserstoff. Durch statistische Versuchsplanung wurde der für die PtM‐Anwendung optimale Arbeitsbereich hinsichtlich der Zielgrößen CO2‐Umsatz und Methanolausbeute eines kommerziell erhältlichen Katalysators gefunden.
Mechanistic Investigation and Conductance Modulation of a Metal‐Molecule‐Metal Junction via Extra Acid Addition
Authors: Xiao Bohuai , Dong Jianqiao , Wang Zhiye , Wang Xu , Sun Mingjun , Guo Jing , Qian Gongming , Li Yunchuan , Chang Shuai
Published: February 2022

One important prerequisite for the fabrication of molecular functional device strongly relies on the understanding the conducting behaviors of the metal‐molecule‐metal junction that can respond to an external stimulus. The model Lewis basic molecule 4,4′‐(pyridine‐3,5‐diyl)dibenzonitrile (DBP), which can react with Lewis acid and protic acid, was synthesized. Then, the molecular conducting behavior of DBP, DBP‐B(C6F5)3, and DBP‐TfOH (DBP‐B(C6F5)3, and DBP‐TfOH were produced by Lewis acid and protonic acid treatment of DBP) was researched and compared. Given that their identical physical paths for DBP, DBP‐B(C6F5)3, and DBP‐TfOH to sustain charge transport, our results indicate that modifying the molecular electronic structure, even not directly changing the conductive physical backbone, can tune the charge transporting ability by nearly one order of magnitude. Furthermore, the addition of another Lewis base triethylamine (of stronger alkaline than DBP), to Lewis acid‐base pair reverts the electrical properties back to that of a single DBP junction, that is constructive to propose a useful but simple strategy for the design and construction of reversible and controllable molecular device based on pyridine derived molecule.
The position of financial prudence, social influence, and environmental satisfaction in the sustainable consumption behavioural model: Cross‐market intergenerational investigation during the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Cui Yuting , Lissillour Raphael , Chebeň Juraj , Lančarič Drahoslav , Duan Chunlin
Published: February 2022

The main purpose of this study is to gain an in‐depth understanding of the impact of financial prudence (FIN) on social influence and environmental satisfaction in the sustainable consumption (SC) behavioural model from a cross‐market intergenerational perspective in the context of COVID‐19. Surprisingly, we discovered that, during the COVID‐19 pandemic, significant differences emerge between the Chinese and European markets in the four factors (social influence, SC behaviour, environmental satisfaction, and FIN). Unpredictably, Generation X in the European market and Generation Y in the Chinese market had the highest FIN during the pandemic. Another substantial contribution is that, during the epidemic, the influence of social interaction promotes SC behaviour and social influence motivates users to implement SC behaviours by enhancing environmental satisfaction. However, differences arise in the moderating effect of FIN. In China, the moderating effect occurs in the relationship between social influence and SC behaviour, whereas, in Europe, it reflects in the relationship between social influence and environmental satisfaction.
Alkylated glutamic acid and histidine derived from protein‐adducts indicate exposure to sulfur mustard in avian serum
Authors: John Harald , Hörmann Philipp , Schrader Michael , Thiermann Horst
Published: February 2022

Sulfur mustard (SM, bis[2‐chloroethyl]‐sulfide) is a banned chemical warfare agent deployed in the violent conflict in the Middle East poisoning humans and animals. For legal reasons, bioanalytical methods are mandatory proving exposure to SM. Reaction products (adducts) of SM with endogenous proteins, for example, serum albumin (SA), are valuable long‐lived targets for analysis. Whereas nearly all methods known so far focus on human proteins, we address for the first time neat chicken SA and avian serum from chicken, duck, and ostrich. After proteolysis, protein precipitation, evaporation of the supernatant, and re‐dissolution analysis were performed by micro‐liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization tandem‐mass spectrometry in the selected reaction monitoring mode, μLC‐ESI MS/MS (SRM), for detection of the hydroxyethylthioethyl product ion [HETE]+ at m/z 105.0. After in vitro incubation with SM and pronase‐catalyzed proteolysis, the alkylated amino acids Glu(‐HETE) and His(‐HETE) were detected. Both borne the SM‐characteristic HETE‐moiety bound to their side chain. The eightfold deuterated SM analog (d8‐SM) was also applied to support adduct identification. Proteolysis conditions were optimized with respect to pH (8.0), temperature (50°C), and time to maximize the yield of Glu(‐HETE) (30 min) and His(‐HETE) (180 min). Amino acid adducts were stable in the autosampler for at least 24 h. Protein‐adducts were stable in serum at −30°C for at least 33 days and for three freeze‐and‐thaw cycles. At the body temperature of chicken (+40°C), Glu(‐HETE) was degraded in serum (period of half‐change 3 days), whereas His(‐HETE) remained stable. The presented method broadens the toolbox of procedures to document poisoning with SM.
Humpback whale adult females and calves balance acoustic contact with vocal crypsis during periods of increased separation
Authors: Indeck Katherine L. , Noad Michael J. , Dunlop Rebecca A.
Published: February 2022

Acoustic communication is important for animals with dependent young, particularly when they are spatially separated. Maternal humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) use acoustic calling to help minimize the risk of separation from their young calves during migration. These pairs also use acoustic crypsis to minimize detection by males. How they balance a restricted active space with the need to maintain acoustic contact during periods of separation is not yet understood. Here, we analyzed movement metrics of tagged adult female–calf pairs during migration to identify two behavioral states, “resting/milling” and “travelling.” When travelling, these pairs dived synchronously and exhibited little to no spatial separation. Alternatively, adult females had significantly longer dive durations (p < .01) when resting, and while they spent prolonged times at depth, calves would surface several times independently. This demonstrated that these pairs are frequently separated during periods of rest. We then determined whether the call rates and acoustic levels of these pairs increased with more frequent separation, finding that both adult females and calves significantly increased their call rates, but not levels, when resting. We also found that adult female–calf pairs have a restricted active space, with less than 15% of calls estimated to be detectable beyond 2 km. However, as with call level, detection distance did not differ significantly between the two behavioral states. In summary, adult female–calf pairs maintain successful communication during periods of separation by calling more frequently rather than by producing louder calls. This strategy aids in maintaining acoustic contact while simultaneously limiting detectability by conspecifics.
Constructing Ternary Photocatalyst Ag/Ni(OH)2/g‐C3N4 for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: He Ping , Deng Dashuang , Ren Tongyan , Dang Yinping , Li Ming , Chen Jiufu , Xiao Yao
Published: February 2022

A series of ternary Ag/Ni(OH)2/g‐C3N4 composite photocatalysts were prepared by a facile method. The as‐prepared samples were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV‐vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). Photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen was carried out to evaluate the photocatalytic performance of the as‐prepared samples and the effect of Ag and Ni(OH)2 content was explored. The results indicated that the A5N5−CN sample shows the optimal hydrogen evolution of 1663.2 μmol g−1 h−1, which was 114.7 times higher than that of bulk g‐C3N4. The enhanced photocatalytic activity can be ascribed to the synergistic effect of cocatalysts Ag and Ni(OH)2.
π‐Extendedperi‐Acenes: Recent Progress in Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Ajayakumar M. R. , Ma Ji , Feng Xinliang
Published: February 2022

Nanographenes (NGs) with open‐shell character have gained intense attention due to their potential applications in future organic nanoelectronics and spintronics. Among them, NGs bearing a pair of parallel zigzag edges, such as acenes andperi‐acenes (PAs) bestow unique (opto)electronic and magnetic properties owing to their localized non‐bonding π‐state. However, their reactive zigzag edges impart intrinsic instability, leading to the challenging synthesis. The recent development of synthetic strategies provided access to several π‐extended PAs, which were considered unrealistic for decades. Notably, their laterally π‐extended structures of zigzag‐edged graphene nanoribbons was realised via on‐surface synthesis. However, synthesis of π‐extended PAs in solution is still in its infancy, more intensive scientific efforts are needed to surpass the existing challenges regarding stability and solubility. This Review provides an overview of recent progress in the synthesis and characterization of PAs through a bottom‐up synthetic strategy, including on‐surface and solution‐phase chemistry. In addition, views on existing challenges and the future prospects are also provided.
Electroacupuncture relieves neuropathic pain by inhibiting degradation of the ecto‐nucleotidase PAP in the dorsal root ganglions of CCI mice
Authors: Zhou Xiaoxin , Dai Wanbing , Qin Yi , Qi Siyi , Zhang Yizhe , Tian Weitian , Gu Xiyao , Zheng Beijie , Xiao Jie , Yu Weifeng , Chen Xuemei , Su Diansan
Published: February 2022

Background

Although electroacupuncture is widely used in chronic pain management, it is quite controversial due to its unclear mechanism. We hypothesised that EA alleviates pain by inhibiting degradation of the ecto‐nucleotidase prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and facilitating ATP dephosphorylation in dorsal root ganglions (DRGs).

Methods

We applied EA in male C57 mice subjected to chronic constriction injury (CCI) and assessed extracellular ATP and 5′‐nucleotidease expression in DRGs. Specifically, we used a luminescence assay, quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and nociceptive‐related behavioural changes to gather data, and we tested for effects after PAP expression was inhibited with an adeno‐associated virus (AAV). Moreover, membrane PAP degradation was investigated in cultured DRG neurons and the inhibitory effects of EA on this degradation were assessed using immunoprecipitation.

Results

EA treatment alleviated CCI surgery‐induced mechanical pain hypersensitivity. Furthermore, extracellular ATP decreased significantly in both the DRGs and dorsal horn of EA‐treated mice. PAP protein but not mRNA increased in L4–L5 DRGs, and inhibition of PAP expression via AAV microinjection reversed the analgesic effect of EA. Membrane PAP degradation occurred through a clathrin‐mediated endocytosis pathway in cultured DRG neurons; EA treatment inhibited the phosphorylation of adaptor protein complex 2, which subsequently reduced the endocytosis of membrane PAP.

Conclusions

EA treatment alleviated peripheral nerve injury‐induced mechanical pain hypersensitivity in mice by inhibiting membrane PAP degradation via reduced endocytosis and subsequently promote ATP dephosphorylation in DRGs.

Significance

In a mouse model of chronic pain, electroacupuncture treatment increased levels of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP: an ecto‐nucleotidase known to relieve pain hypersensitivity) by inhibiting PAP degradation in dorsal root ganglions. This promoted extracellular ATP dephosphorylation, inhibited glia activation and eventually alleviated peripheral nerve injury‐induced mechanical pain hypersensitivity in mice. Our findings represent an important step forward in clarifying the mechanisms of pain relief afforded by acupuncture treatment.
Neurotoxicity‐associated sinus bradycardia after chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy
Authors: Catalá Eva , Iacoboni Gloria , Vidal‐Jordana Ángela , Oristrell Gerard , Carpio Cecilia , Vilaseca Andreu , Cabirta Alba , Bosch Francesc , Tintoré Mar , Barba Pere
Published: February 2022

The advent of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy has changed the therapeutic landscape of relapsed/refractory aggressive B‐cell lymphomas. Cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) are the typical adverse events associated with this therapy. Cardiovascular toxicities have also been reported in this setting. However, there is scarce data regarding the development of sinus bradycardia after CAR T‐cell therapy. Here, we detail the clinical course of 4 patients with aggressive B‐cell malignancies who received CAR T‐cells and developed transient and reversible sinus bradycardia in the context of ICANS. We also discuss several hypotheses behind the pathophysiology of this potential new adverse event.
Bioactive constituents from Mesona chinensis: Chemical evidence for its antihyperuricemic activity
Authors: Chen Chien‐Yi , Hsu Fu‐Chun , Tsai Sheng‐Fa , Lee Shoei‐Sheng
Published: February 2022

Mesona chinensis Benth. (Lamiaceae) has been shown antihyperuricemic effect in vivo. This study was aimed to provide chemical evidence for such bioactivity. Three new compounds (3, 4, and 8) together with 14 known were isolated from the n‐BuOH soluble fraction of its aerial part. All the structures were elucidated based on the spectroscopic analysis. This effort also revised the reported structure for mesonolate B. Except for 2 and 6, the remaining 15 isolates are reported for the first time from the title plant. Preliminary quantification of four majors (1, 5, 6, 8) by liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy (LC–MS) (EIC) indicated their content in the dried aerial part to be 788, 146, 177, and 97 ppm (w/w), respectively. Among these isolates, 3‐O‐(6‐O‐feruloyl‐β‐d‐glucosyl)‐rosmarinic acid (3) was shown xanthine oxidase inhibition besides the reported rosmarinic acid (1), lithospermic acid A (5), isoquercitrin (11), and ursolic acid (13). In addition, compounds 2–4, 6 and 7, and 12 could be hydrolyzed to the corresponding active metabolites 1, 5, and 11 in the GI tract. Thus, this chemical investigation verified the reported hypouricemic effect of M. chinensis. Accordingly, this herbal medicine should have great potential to be developed as an antihyperuricemic nutraceutical.
Spatiotemporal dependency of resource use efficiency on phytoplankton diversity in Lake Taihu
Authors: Guo Chaoxuan , Zhu Mengyuan , Xu Hai , Zhang Yunlin , Qin Boqiang , Zhu Guangwei , Wang Jianjun
Published: February 2022

The dependency of resource use efficiency (RUE) on phytoplankton diversity is key for understanding aquatic ecosystem responses to eutrophication and climate change. Here, we studied RUE of nitrogen (RUEN), phosphorous (RUEP), or silicate (RUESi) and the associated abiotic and biotic explanatory variables in 3,016 samples collected from 30 sites in Lake Taihu during 2005‐2017, covering cyanobacteria‐ and macrophyte‐dominated regions. We further examined spatiotemporal dependencies of RUE on phytoplankton taxonomic and functional diversity and their underlying drivers. The annual mean RUEsi of each site exhibited an overall increasing temporal trend, while that of RUEN and RUEP displayed U‐shaped patterns over the study period. RUE was affected by nutrients and water temperature, and also was related to phytoplankton diversity in terms of Shannon diversity and functional dispersion diversity. Interestingly, RUE showed negative spatial dependencies on phytoplankton diversity. These negative spatial dependencies had decreasing temporal trends for RUEN and RUESi, while a hump‐shaped pattern for RUEP. The dependencies were generally related to spatial environmental mean of nutrients, such as nitrate and total phosphorus. Furthermore, RUE showed negative temporal dependencies on phytoplankton diversity mainly in the cyanobacteria‐dominated region, while it was occasionally positive in the macrophyte‐dominated region. These temporal dependencies were driven primarily by temporal environmental stability of nutrients, such as dissolved total nitrogen. Collectively, the direction and strength of spatiotemporal dependencies of RUE on phytoplankton diversity were influenced by nutrient status and stability. These findings can be considered in future environmental management plans for long‐term sustainability of ecosystem functioning under global climate change.
Technical note: A graphical approach to the analysis of travel times in an automated storage and retrieval system
Authors: Liu Jingming , Liao Haitao , White John A.
Published: February 2022

Operating time is closely related to the performance of an order‐picking system. Knowing the probability distribution of operating time will greatly facilitate system performance analysis and optimization. When using an automated storage and retrieval system (AS/RS), travels of the storage and retrieval machine can be modeled using the Chebyshev metric. However, because of the dependence among the travel legs, analyzing the variance of travel time can be quite challenging. In this paper, a graphical approach based on contour lines is proposed for deriving the probability density function (PDF) of travel time in an AS/RS. With the PDF, the expected value and variance of travel time can be obtained. To demonstrate the use of the proposed approach in evaluating the performance of an AS/RS under stochastic conditions, we derive the PDF of travel time and apply it in a queueing analysis. Based on the queueing performance measures and an overall arrival rate, the minimum number of operation requests waiting or being served occurs when the arrival rates of storage and retrieval requests are approximately equal. Also, when arrival rates of storage and retrieval requests are equal, the number of operation requests waiting or being served is minimized when the rack is square‐in‐time.
An investigation of fear of recurrence, attachment and caregiving experiences among ovarian cancer partner‐caregivers
Authors: Petricone‐Westwood Danielle , Stragapede Elisa , Galica Jacqueline , Hales Sarah , Lebel Sophie
Published: February 2022

Objective

Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a common concern for both cancer patients and their caregivers. Attachment insecurity is an established contributor to poorer mental health, particularly as it relates to social support. This study sought to evaluate whether attachment and caregiver experiences in cancer care were predictors of FCR.

Methods

A cross‐sectional questionnaire study involving partner‐caregivers of patients with ovarian cancer was conducted. Correlation analyses and multiple hierarchical regressions were used to determine the roles of attachment and caregiving experiences in cancer care on FCR, including the possible moderating role of attachment on the relationship between caregiving experiences and FCR.

Results

Participants (n = 82), mostly identified as white men, had post‐secondary education and incomes of over $100,000 CAD, and cared for patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Forty percent of participants had clinically elevated FCR. Among the evaluated caregiving experiences in cancer care, caregiving workload (r = 0.33; p = 0.005), needing more help from healthcare providers (r = 0.28; p = 0.02), and lacking time for social relations because of caregiving (r = 0.47; p < 0.001) correlated with FCR. Attachment anxiety correlated significantly with FCR (r = 0.43; p < 0.001), but attachment avoidance did not. Attachment anxiety (ΔR2 = 0.14; p = 0.002) and lacking time for social relations (ΔR2 = 0.18; p < 0.001) contributed to the variance on FCR. Attachment insecurity did not moderate the relationships between caregiving experiences and FCR.

Conclusions

Partner‐caregiver attachment anxiety correlates with FCR; however, this does not influence FCR's relationship with poorer perceived support from cancer care institutions. Partner‐caregivers may benefit from psychotherapies for FCR and more practical support from cancer care teams.
Solution structure and dynamics of the mitochondrial‐targeted GTPase‐activating protein (GAP) VopE by an integrated NMR/SAXS approach
Authors: Smith Kyle P. , Lee Woonghee , Tonelli Marco , Lee Yeongjoon , Light Samuel H. , Cornilescu Gabriel , Chakravarthy Srinivas
Published: February 2022

The bacterial pathogen Vibrio cholerae use a type III secretion system to inject effector proteins into a host cell. Recently, a putative Toxic GTPase Activating Protein (ToxGAP) called Vibrio outer protein E (VopE) was identified as a T3SS substrate and virulence factor that affected host mitochondrial dynamics and immune response. However, biophysical and structural characterization has been absent. Here, we describe solution NMR structure of the putative GTPase‐activating protein (GAP) domain (73–204) of VopE. Using size exclusion chromatography coupled with small‐angle x‐ray scattering and residual dipolar coupling data, we restrained the MD process to efficiently determine the overall fold and improve the quality of the output calculated structures. Comparing the structure of VopE with other ToxGAP's revealed a similar overall fold with several features unique to VopE. Specifically, the “Bulge 1,” α1 helix, and noteworthy “backside linker” elements on the N‐terminus are dissimilar to the other ToxGAP's. By using NMR relaxation dispersion experiments, we demonstrate that these regions undergo motions on a > 6 s−1 timescale. Based on the disposition of these mobile regions relative to the putative catalytic arginine residue, we hypothesize that the protein may undergo structural changes to bind cognate GTPases.
Cover Image, Volume 78, Issue 3
Authors: Bajda Sabina A , De Clercq Patrick , Van Leeuwen Thomas
Published: February 2022

The cover image is based on the Research Article Selectivity and molecular stress responses to classical and botanical acaricides in the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias‐Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) by Sabina A Bajda et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6747.

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Dislocation Dynamics in Monocrystalline Si near the Melting Point Studied in Situ by X‐Ray Bragg Diffraction Imaging
Authors: Neves Dias Serge William , Becker Maike , Ouaddah Hadjer , Périchaud Isabelle , Reinhart Guillaume , Mangelinck-Noël Nathalie , Regula Gabrielle
Published: February 2022

To study dislocation dynamics in a model sample, an intrinsic float zone (FZ) Si wafer is chosen as seed to initiate directional solidification. During the temperature ramp, a Von Laue diffraction spot is recorded by a camera. It provides time‐resolved information on the evolution of silicon crystalline quality and on the defect nucleation locations and dynamics. With increasing temperature, dislocations are observed to propagate through the seed starting mainly from the sample edges. The effective thermomechanical local stress is estimated as low as (1.2 ± 0.4) × 105 Pa in a thermal gradient of (1.8 ± 0.2) × 102 K m−1. The latter is sufficient to allow dislocation nucleation and motion at temperatures beyond (1523 ± 9) K. Dislocation velocity increases with temperature and reaches a maximum velocity of (3.0 ± 0.5) × 10−4 m s−1 close to the silicon melting point. From the dislocation velocity measurements as a function of temperature, an activation energy of (3.1 ± 0.6) eV is estimated and this value is discussed, along with dynamical interactions between defects and dislocations.
Computational mechanisms affecting the efficiency of resource use in the honey bee swarm
Authors: Foss Richard A.
Published: February 2022

The honey bee swarm carried out its best‐of‐N nest site computations by operating more than a dozen different information processing loops in parallel and by recruiting more resources to provide greater precision in loops evaluating the better quality sites. The positive feedback effects of recurrent recruitment by means of waggle dance signalling amplified the utilisation of the swarm's energy, memory and carrier resources. The relatively strong negative feedback effects of various attenuation mechanisms tended to reduce resource use and therefore counter‐balanced amplification for long enough for a meaningful nest site survey and quorum decision to be made. Some information processing mechanisms such as exploration tendency, waggle dance signalling, site non‐specific attenuation, noise reduction, independent site evaluation, energy efficient coding, mixed precision processing, self‐organising computation and quorum decision making were found to profoundly influence the efficiency of resource use. Significant insights were also gained into extended cognition, dark data processing, information quality and resource leakage. Finally, the energy cost of acquiring and processing sensory information was estimated.
Recent Advancement of the Current Aspects of g‐C3N4for its Photocatalytic Applications in Sustainable Energy System
Authors: Hayat Asif , Sohail Muhammad , Ali Shah Syed Jawad , Al‐Sehemi Abdullah G. , Mohammed Mohammed H. , Al‐Ghamdi Ahmed A. , Taha T. A. , Salem AlSalem Huda , Alenad Asma M. , Amin Mohammed A. , Palamanit Arkom , Liu Changkun , Nawawi W. I. , Tariq Saeed Chani Muhammad , Muzibur Rahman Mohammed
Published: February 2022

Being one of the foremost enticing and intriguing innovations, heterogeneous photocatalysis has also been used to effectively gather, transform, and conserve sustainable sun‘s radiation for the production of efficient and clean fossil energy as well as a wide range of ecological implications. The generation of solar fuel‐based water splitting and CO2photoreduction is excellent for generating alternative resources and reducing global warming. Developing an inexpensive photocatalyst can effectively split water into hydrogen (H2), oxygen (O2) sources, and carbon dioxide (CO2) into fuel sources, which is a crucial problem in photocatalysis. The metal‐free g‐C3N4photocatalyst has a high solar fuel generation potential. This review covers the most recent advancements in g‐C3N4preparation, including innovative design concepts and new synthesis methods, and novel ideas for expanding the light absorption of pure g‐C3N4for photocatalytic application. Similarly, the main issue concerning research and prospects in photocatalysts based g‐C3N4was also discussed. The current dissertation provides an overview of comprehensive understanding of the exploitation of the extraordinary systemic and characteristics, as well as the fabrication processes and uses of g‐C3N4.
(Very) long‐term transport of Silurus glanis, Carcharhinus melanopterus, Scomber colias, Trachurus picturatus, Polyprion americanus, Rhinoptera marmoratus, Salmo salar, Scomber scombrus, Sardina pilchardus, and others, by land, water and air
Authors: Correia João , Daghfous Gheylen , Silva David , Graça Gonçalo , Beltran Ivan , Reis João , Marques José P. , Silva Luís , Guedes Rui , Morato Telmo
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we cover 4 years of live fish transports that ranged from 14 to 200 h (8 days), and bioloads from 3.8 to 76.9 kg/m3. The key ingredients for success in all trips, where virtually no mortality occurred, was atributed to (1) pre‐buffering the water with sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate at 50 g/m3 (each)—and/or ATM Alka‐HaulTM at 25 g/m3—and applying additional (partial or full) doses throughout each transport, whenever the tanks were accessible; (2) pre‐quenching ammonia with ATM TriageTM at 32 g/m3, and applying additional (partial or full) doses throughout each transport, whenever the tanks were accessible; (3) keeping the dissolved oxygen saturation rate above 100%, ideally above 150%; (4) Keeping temperature on the lower limit of each species' tolerance range; (5) Using foam fractionators to effectively eliminate organic matter from the water and (6) Using pure sine wave inverters, which allows for a steady supply of electrical current throughout the transport. The use of a ‘preventive’ versus ‘corrective’ pH buffering philosophy is also discussed.
User-Tailored Privacy
Authors: Knijnenburg Bart P. , Anaraky Reza Ghaiumy , Wilkinson Daricia , Namara Moses , He Yangyang , Cherry David , Ash Erin
Published: February 2022

Modern information systems require their users to make a myriad of privacy decisions, but users are often neither motivated nor capable of managing this deluge of decisions. This chapter covers the concept of tailoring the privacy of an information system to each individual user. It discusses practical problems that may arise when collecting data to determine a user’s privacy preferences, techniques to model these preferences, and a number of adaptation strategies that can be used to tailor the system’s privacy practices, settings, or interfaces to the user’s modeled preferences. Throughout the chapter, we provide recommendations on how to develop user-tailored privacy solutions, depending on the requirements and characteristics of the system and its users.
Privacy Theories and Frameworks
Authors: Wisniewski Pamela J. , Page Xinru
Published: February 2022

This chapter introduces relevant privacy frameworks from academic literature that can be useful to practitioners and researchers who want to better understand privacy and how to apply it in their own contexts. We retrace the history of how networked privacy research first began by focusing on privacy as information disclosure. Privacy frameworks have since evolved into conceptualizing privacy as a process of interpersonal boundary regulation, appropriate information flows, design-based frameworks, and, finally, user-centered privacy that accounts for individual differences. These frameworks can be used to identify privacy needs and violations, as well as inform design. This chapter provides actionable guidelines for how these different frameworks can be applied in research, design, and product development.
Multi-skill Foundation Course in India: The Head, Heart, and Hands of 21st Century Learning
Authors: Jacobs Ryleigh , Pitcher Catherine , Gupta Richa , Deshishku Rinesa
Published: February 2022

This chapter examines the Multi-Skill Foundation Course (MSFC), a vocational course conceived by grassroots NGO Vigyan Ashram, and further developed, replicated, and scaled up by Lend-A-Hand India (LAHI) since 2005. In collaboration with the State Government of Maharashtra, the course has been recognized under the National Skills Qualification Framework (NSQF)) and adopted by more than 600 secondary schools across India. The purpose of MSFC is to promote employability, enhance student retention and increase the appreciation for vocational skills by uniquely intersecting vocational skills with 21st century skills in an experiential learning-based pedagogy. Our in-depth analysis of the MSFC includes an overview of vocational education in India, an explanation of the theory of change, and the effect of this niche reform in building 21st century skills. To understand the impact of the reform. We interviewed different actors and surveyed 111 students enrolled in the MSFC. In addition, we organized Focus Discussion Groups (FDGs) comprised of over 20 students from vocational courses, the MSFC, and non-vocational tracks. This analysis reveals that MSFC is having a positive impact on students and their communities by cultivating 21st century skills, enhancing employability, and improving gender inclusion through quality vocational education. The final section of the chapter identifies areas of consideration to further strengthen this niche reform and key takeaways from the MSFC.
Encryption Scheme Based on the Generalized Suzuki 2-groups and Homomorphic Encryption
Authors: Khalimov Gennady , Kotukh Yevgen , Chang Sang-Yoon , Balytskyi Yaroslav , Kolisnyk Maksym , Khalimova Svitlana , Marukhnenko Oleksandr
Published: February 2022

This article describes a new implementation of MST-based encryption for generalized Suzuki 2-groups. The well-known MST cryptosystem based on Suzuki groups is built on a logarithmic signature at the center of the group, resulting in a large array of logarithmic signatures. An encryption scheme based on multiparameter non-commutative groups is proposed. The multiparameter generalized 2 - Suzuki group was chosen as one of the group constructions. In this case, a logarithmic signature is established for the entire group. The main difference from the known one is the use of homomorphic encryption to construct coverings of logarithmic signatures for all group parameters. This design improves a secrecy of the cryptosystem is ensured at the level of a brute-force attack.
Brauer graph algebras are closed under derived equivalence
Authors: Antipov Mikhail , Zvonareva Alexandra
Published: February 2022

In this paper the class of Brauer graph algebras is proved to be closed under derived equivalence. For that we use the rank of the maximal torus of the identity component $$Out^0(A)$$

O
u

t
0

(
A
)

of the group of outer automorphisms of a symmetric stably biserial algebra A.
Distribution of cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions: systematic review and classification
Authors: Nitro Letizia , Pipolo Carlotta , Fadda Gian Luca , Allevi Fabiana , Borgione Mario , Cavallo Giovanni , Felisati Giovanni , Saibene Alberto Maria
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Intranasal cocaine is known to potentially lead to midline destructive lesions. The present systematic review was undertaken to systematically define the localization of cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions and their prevalence and to propose a practical classification of these lesions.

Methods

A PRISMA-compliant systematic review was performed in multiple databases with criteria designed to include all studies published until March 2021 providing a precise definition of cocaine-induced midline lesions in humans. We selected all original studies except case reports. After duplicate removal, abstract and full-text selection, and quality assessment, we reviewed eligible articles for lesion localization, patients’ demographics, exposure to cocaine, and relationship with external nose destruction.

Results

Among 2593 unique citations, 17 studies were deemed eligible (127 patients). All studies were retrospective case series. The destructive process determined a septal perforation in 99.2% of patients. The distribution prevalence decreased from the inferior third of the sinonasal complex (nasal floor and inferolateral nasal wall, respectively, 59% and 29.9% of patients) to the middle third (middle turbinate and ethmoid, 22.8% of patients), and ultimately to neurocranial structures (7.9% of patients). Nasal deformities were inconsistently reported across reviewed studies. Cocaine use duration, frequency, and status were reported only occasionally.

Conclusion

Based on the distribution prevalence observed, we propose a four-grade destruction location-based classification. Future prospective studies following the evolution of cocaine-induced lesions are needed to validate our classification, its relationship with lesion evolution, and whether it represents a reliable tool for homogeneous research results reporting.
Specialized inpatient treatment for young people with early psychosis: acute-treatment and 12-month results
Authors: Siebert Stefan , Leopold Karolina , Baumgardt Johanna , von Hardenberg Laura-Sophie , Burkhardt Eva , Bechdolf Andreas
Published: February 2022

The objective of the study was to investigate the development of clinical outcomes of young people with early psychosis in a specialized inpatient treatment and assess the feasibility of such an intervention in an inpatient setting. The study was a prospective cohort study of patients with early psychosis treated at the specialized inpatient treatment “Fühinterventions-und Therapiezentrum, FRITZ” (early intervention and therapy center) in Berlin, Germany. The primary outcomes were attitudes towards psychiatric medication and patient satisfaction with treatment after 6 weeks. Secondary outcomes were clinical symptoms, functioning, remission, recovery, all-cause treatment discontinuation, and rehospitalisation at 6 and 12 months after inpatient treatment. We recruited 95 inpatients with early psychosis. Attitudes towards psychiatric medication (Δ6weeks = 3.00, d6weeks = 0.55; Δ6mo = 2.15, d6mo = 0.35; Δ12mo = 3.03, d12mo = 0.52) and patient satisfaction (Δ6weeks = 0.21, d6weeks = 0.40; Δ6mo = 0.32, d6mo = 0.43; Δ12mo = 0.13, d12mo = 0.17) changed with medium effect sizes at six weeks up to a 6- and 12-month follow-up. Clinical outcomes changed significantly with medium-to-large-effect sizes over 12 months CGIΔ12mo = 1.64, d12mo = −1.12; PANSS totalΔ12mo = 20.10, d12mo = −0.76; GAFΔ12mo = 19.58, d12mo = 1.25). The all-cause treatment discontinuation rate was 13.69% (n = 13) at a 6-month and 35.79% (n = 34) at a 12-month follow-up. The rehospitalization rate was 30.53% (n = 29) at a 6-month and 43.16% (n = 41) at a 12-month follow-up. Patients with specialized inpatient treatment for early psychosis showed improvements in attitude towards psychiatric medication, patient satisfaction, symptoms, and functioning for up to 12 months.

Trial registration: DRKS00024351, 2021/02/11 retrospectively registered.