bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relating ring width of Mediterranean evergreen species to seasonal and annual variations of precipitation and temperature
Authors: Nijland W. , Jansma E. , Addink E. A. , Domínguez Delmás M. , De Jong S. M.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. Plant growth in Mediterranean landscapes is limited by the typical summer-dry climate. Forests in these areas are only marginally productive and may be quite susceptible to modern climate change. To improve our understanding of forest sensitivity to annual and seasonal climatic variability, we use tree-ring measurements of two Mediterranean evergreen tree species: Quercus ilex and Arbutus unedo. We sampled 34 stems of these species on three different types of substrates in the Peyne study area in Southern France. The resulting chronologies were analysed in combination with 38 years of monthly precipitation and temperature data to reconstruct the response of stem growth to climatic variability. Results indicate a strong positive response to May and June precipitation, as well as a significant positive influence of early-spring temperatures and a negative growth response to summer heat. Comparison of the data with more detailed productivity measurements in two contrasting years confirms these observations and shows a strong productivity limiting effect of low early-summer precipitation. The results show that tree-ring data from Q. ilex and A. unedo can provide valuable information about the response of these tree species to climate variability, improving our ability to predict the effects of climate change in Mediterranean ecosystems.
Evaluation of global continental hydrology as simulated by the Land-surface Processes and eXchanges Dynamic Global Vegetation Model
Authors: Murray S. J. , Foster P. N. , Prentice I. C.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. Global freshwater resources are sensitive to changes in climate, land cover and population density and distribution. The Land-surface Processes and eXchanges Dynamic Global Vegetation Model is a recent development of the Lund-Potsdam-Jena model with improved representation of fire-vegetation interactions. It allows simultaneous consideration of the effects of changes in climate, CO2 concentration, natural vegetation and fire regime shifts on the continental hydrological cycle. Here the model is assessed for its ability to simulate large-scale spatial and temporal runoff patterns, in order to test its suitability for modelling future global water resources. Comparisons are made against observations of streamflow and a composite dataset of modelled and observed runoff (1986–1995) and are also evaluated against soil moisture data and the Palmer Drought Severity Index. The model captures the main features of the geographical distribution of global runoff, but tends to overestimate runoff in much of the Northern Hemisphere (where this can be somewhat accounted for by freshwater consumption and the unrealistic accumulation of the simulated winter snowpack in permafrost regions) and the southern tropics. Interannual variability is represented reasonably well at the large catchment scale, as are seasonal flow timings and monthly high and low flow events. Further improvements to the simulation of intra-annual runoff might be achieved via the addition of river flow routing. Overestimates of runoff in some basins could likely be corrected by the inclusion of transmission losses and direct-channel evaporation.
Quality Control Procedures for Genome‐Wide Association Studies
Authors: Turner Stephen , Armstrong Loren L. , Bradford Yuki , Carlson Christopher S. , Crawford Dana C. , Crenshaw Andrew T. , de Andrade Mariza , Doheny Kimberly F. , Haines Jonathan L. , Hayes Geoffrey , Jarvik Gail , Jiang Lan , Kullo Iftikhar J. , Li Rongling , Ling Hua , Manolio Teri A. , Matsumoto Martha , McCarty Catherine A. , McDavid Andrew N. , Mirel Daniel B. , Paschall Justin E. , Pugh Elizabeth W. , Rasmussen Luke V. , Wilke Russell A. , Zuvich Rebecca L. , Ritchie Marylyn D.
Published: January 2011

Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) are being conducted at an unprecedented rate in population‐based cohorts and have increased our understanding of the pathophysiology of complex disease. Regardless of context, the practical utility of this information will ultimately depend upon the quality of the original data. Quality control (QC) procedures for GWAS are computationally intensive, operationally challenging, and constantly evolving. Here we enumerate some of the challenges in QC of GWAS data and describe the approaches that the electronic MEdical Records and Genomics (eMERGE) network is using for quality assurance in GWAS data, thereby minimizing potential bias and error in GWAS results. We discuss common issues associated with QC of GWAS data, including data file formats, software packages for data manipulation and analysis, sex chromosome anomalies, sample identity, sample relatedness, population substructure, batch effects, and marker quality. We propose best practices and discuss areas of ongoing and future research. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 68:1.19.1‐1.19.18 © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Assessment of Exposure to Respirable Dusts
Authors: Ratney Ronald S.
Published: January 2011

Particulates of many substances which can cause pulmonary fibrosis and other ill effects when they are deposited in the alveoli are identified as the respirable fraction of inhaled airborne particulate. This work reviews the research which led to the determination of the particle sizes of respirable particulate and of the standard definitions of those sizes which were used to guide the development of size‐specific air sampling instruments. The historical development of such instruments from the period before the First World War when samplers used the human lung as air‐movers through the late 20th century which saw the introduction of real‐time instruments which continuously measured full‐shift airborne respirable dust concentrations in the breathing zones of workers. The dimensional definitions of respirable fibrous particulates such as asbestos are discussed as well as the instrumentation and measurement procedures. Proposals are made for personal dust measurements using the remote sensing of airborne dust concentrations coupled with wireless devices to locate workers within a dust cloud.
Engineered Nanomaterials
Authors: Peters Thomas M. , Grassian Vicki H.
Published: January 2011

Nanoscience and nanotechnology offer new opportunities for making novel engineered nanomaterials that have a wide‐range of applications and influence our everyday lives in positive ways. It has been reported that workers are increasingly come in contact with engineered nanomaterials and each step in the life cycle of a nanomaterial represents a potential exposure hazard either for workers or consumers. Toxicity data are available for engineered nanomaterials are also growing every day. The environmental health and safety (EHS) professionals are responsible for protecting workers that encounter nanomaterials in occupational settings. Numerous resources have been presented, which aim to centralize health, safety, and toxicity pertinent on nanomaterials. The present study focuses a general overview to help the EHS professional as well as occupational health researchers new to nanotechnology address the many challenges posed by the presence of engineered nanomaterials in the workplace.
Sampling and Analysis of Gases and Vapors
Authors: Harper Martin
Published: January 2011

Only a few exposure limits for chemicals are framed in terms of a maximum allowable concentration for any given instant, because most chemical illnesses are a response to a cumulative dose rather than a response to peak exposures. Today, variations in this work pattern are commonly encountered, and various alternative models have been put forward to account for extended exposures and shorter periods without exposure. Many sampling methods available to the industrial hygienist have become standardized and majority of samples are analyzed by chemical methods. Methods with a high degree of accuracy are found to get preference because of the legal significance of occupational health standards. The work environment often houses many chemicals, which may be in use simultaneously, e.g. in solvent mixtures, or sequentially. In many case these chemicals may have additive effects, especially where they affect the same target organ. Limit values with similar basis of time intervals are easily combined for different chemicals in an additive formula. The present study mainly addresses the sampling and analysis of gases and vapors.
Real‐Time Assessment of Air Contaminants Using Video Exposure Monitoring Methods and Techniques
Authors: McGlothlin James D. , Xu Fan , Cole Sandra S.
Published: January 2011

Occupational exposure assessment is one branch of exposure assessment and addresses the exposure problems that occur in the workplace. Through exposure assessment, we generally describe and identify the nature and size of the various populations exposed to hazards, the magnitude and duration of the exposures, and the causal factors of exposure. The present study explores the strategy for occupational video exposure monitoring includes video data in the assessment process and aims to establish an association between exposure levels and workplace events and to identify the causal factors. The case studies represent the progression in the development of real‐time monitoring of exposure to different types of hazardous materials. Further the current application and development of each part of the assessment system and new ideas for improvement of the VEM system are suggested.
Mathematical Modeling of Indoor Air Contaminant Concentrations
Authors: Nicas Mark
Published: January 2011

Several physical‐chemical mathematical models have been popularized as an exposure estimation method for occupational indoor air contaminants. Although direct air sampling is preferred traditionally, there are situations in which monitoring is not feasible. In such cases, mathematical modeling has been developed to estimate exposure intensity. Because modeling is theoretical and based on explicit assumptions, many occupational hygienists believe that modeling exposure estimates are too uncertain. The present study finds that the air sampling needs a statistical approach that eliminates investigator bias.

The three elements of a physical‐chemical model have also been addressed.
Human Health Risk Assessment
Authors: Laszcz‐Davis Chris , Boelter Fred W. , Hearl Frank , Jayjock Michael , Logan Perry , McLaughlin Cristina Ford , O'Reilly Mary , Radcliffe R. Thomas , Esquire  , Stenzel Mark
Published: January 2011

The practice of assessing chemical exposure risks is now essential because this supports regulatory decisions in human history. The present study focuses the history and evolution of human health risk assessment, tracing the development of tools and models that made it possible, as well as the factors in society that made it indispensable. Various aspects of the risk management have been addressed, such as reaction to risk, consequence levels, hazard and exposure analysis, measurement for effectiveness, etc.
Engineering Control of Airborne Contaminants: History, Philosophy, and Primary Approaches
Authors: Burgess William A. , Burton D. Jeff
Published: January 2011

There are many approaches available for the control of air contaminant emissions and worker exposures. The engineering control of airborne contaminant is one of them.

Many of the control principles are also applicable to biological and physical hazards.

One model of the three critical zones of (I) contaminant generation, (II) release, emission and dispersion, and (III) employee exposure has been discussed. Various engineering control approaches have been discussed to eliminate air contaminant generation and emissions. Besides this, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) provides standards and guidelines and also considers engineering controls as any modification of plant, equipment, processes or materials to reduce employees' exposure to toxic materials and harmful physical agents.
Industrial Ventilation
Authors: Soule Robert D. , Burton D. Jeff
Published: January 2011

The industrial ventilation is the most widely used engineering control method, which follows various ventilation regulations and standards. At its most fundamental level, industrial ventilation provides control of an environment by strategic use of airflow. The industrial ventilation also has the objectives of preventing fires and explosions, and most important to the industrial hygienist, preserving employee health, safety, comfort and productivity. The present study focuses about the designs components and the proper usage of the local exhaust ventilation (LEV).
Chemical Protective Clothing
Authors: Forsberg Krister
Published: January 2011

The hazardous chemicals contact to skin and enter in internal organs through blood. These chemicals cause damage to internal organs and also responsible for skin irritation, burns or sensitization. The main function of chemical protective clothing is the prevention of chemicals potentially hazardous to skin and lowering the risk of injury or illness. The present study focuses the importance of determining the risks and the resistance of protective clothing material for each chemical of interest. Besides this, important considerations for the selection, standards, and usage of chemical protective clothing have also been addressed.
Nonionizing Radiation: Extremely Low Frequency
Authors: Baron Dave
Published: January 2011

Extremely low frequency non‐ionizing radiation (ELF) is typically defined as from zero (0) Hz (DC) to 100 kHz. This chapter discusses various aspects of ELF including frequency and waveform, sources, devices for measuring both magnetic and electric fields, and safety guidelines and standards.
Cold Stress
Authors: Holmér Ingvar
Published: January 2011

Due to the steep temperature gradient between the warm human body and a cold environment, a potential for high heat losses prevail that may endanger heat balance and represent a threat to human health, function and performance. Our physiological adaptive power is quite small in the cold. Modern man relies on technique, organization and protection to mitigate the effects of cold and create conditions for work that can be coped with, at least for some time. This chapter describes the physics of heat exchange between man and the cold environment. In particular, clothing is dealt with in some detail as it is one of the most powerful and simple means of controlling body heat exchange and preserve an optimal heat balance. When heat cannot be preserved the body cools, starting with fingers, hands, toes and feet. With more profound cooling arms and legs get cold and function less well. Work ability is compromized. Eventually, longer exposures develops into a deep tissue temperture and hypothermia. International standards (e.g ISO 11079) are available for assessment of the risk for various types of tissue cooling. The chapter ends with a suggestion for a simplified risk assessment procedure and tables with numerous examples of preventive measures for alleviation cold stress.
Occupational Ergonomics: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Kotowski Susan , Davis Kermit , Bhattacharya Amit
Published: January 2011

Ergonomics is the science of properly balancing job demands with worker capabilities to prevent a mismatch in demands and capabilities which will lead to cumulative trauma of the body. Using the traditional industrial hygiene methodology of “anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control” discussions will cover each area of the methodology as it applies to the field of occupational ergonomics. Reflections of occupational ergonomics in the past, the current state of the field, and considerations for the future of the field will also be presented.
Airborne Infectious Diseases
Authors: Palmore Tara N. , Sepkowitz Kent A.
Published: January 2011

Airborne transmission of infections pathogens can occur in a wide range of occupational settings. Tuberculosis is a particular concern for personnel in health care and allied fields. The risk from exposure to infectious aerosols or droplet nuclei depends in part on characteristics of the source, the pathogen, and the aerosol droplets, as well as host susceptibility. The movement of infectious droplets is determined by their size and the flow of air. Many pathogens that are not classically airborne can be aerosolized and transmitted via the airborne route under certain circumstances. Special consideration should be given to workers with immune impairment, who may be at higher risk of infection.
Management Of International
EH
&
S
Programs
Authors: Mansdorf S. Zack
Published: January 2011

This chapter focuses on the effective management and implementation of EH&S. The global nature of the World economy is well established. The World's major corporations and organizations have global operations and working for one of these multinational companies requires a management approach to some unique challenges. Cultural, societal and language differences can present a range of challenges. The U.S. is highly regulated in EH&S with sometimes draconian enforcement measures, unlike most of the other countries of the World. Good governance in EH&S is viewed by most NGOs as requiring a management systems approach with ISO 14000 and BSI 18000 accreditation as the minimum. Effective management of EH&S in the less developed world requires consideration of technical support issues and identification, collection and publishing key performance indicators (KPI). Most international companies develop internal standards, safety and industrial hygiene indicators and environmental indicators to carry out this approach most effectively.
Emergency and Disaster: Preparedness, Response, and Recovery
Authors: Laszcz‐Davis Chris , Akers Diane , J. Nardi, Esquire Karen , Buckalew Margaret D. , Gibbs Lawrence M. , Jabara Jim , Lebourgeois Fabrice , McHaney Ron R. , Pereira Steven P.
Published: January 2011

Emergency preparedness, response and recovery is an ongoing process of planning and responding effectively to the occurrence of an event (planned or unplanned), as well as addressing the issue of recovery and restoration of operations and lives following an event. Industrial Hygienists' technical expertise as part of a team on occupational and environmental health and safety issues, is applicable to a variety of natural disasters, hazardous chemical, biological or radiological releases, and terrorism events. The American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) is the premier association of occupational and environmental health and safety professionals and plays a crucial role on the front line of worker health and safety every day. In emergency planning/disaster preparedness, specific local, state, and federal roles and activities are defined, with laws outlining each governmental level's responsibilities. The “all hazards” Integrated Contingency Plan (ICP) provides a mechanism to consolidate existing concepts into a single functional plan structure.
The Industrial Hygienist in Litigation
Authors: L. Hobson, Herschel , Martin Kirk
Published: January 2011

The article summarizes about some facts regarding the industrial hygienist in litigation. The industrial hygienists some time finds themselves dealing with attorneys and explain all relevant information as a defendant in connection with their work. Health professionals mostly view themselves as fair seekers of truth through scientific methodologies and the ABIH professional Code of Ethics states that safety and health professionals are ethically bound to protect people. Industrial hygienists are made a party to lawsuits from time to time. The study emphasizes for opinion testimony to be admissible, it must be scientific or technical in nature and the underlying science and methodology must be sufficiently sound for the jury to rely on the conclusion or opinion stated. The study focuses various roles of industrial hygienists during any litigation and dealing with the attorneys, and limitation imposed by courts.
Multi‐model unfalsified adaptive switching control: Test functionals for stability and performance
Authors: Baldi S. , Battistelli G. , Mosca E. , Tesi P.
Published: January 2011

The paper studies how to infer behavioral features of a potential loop, consisting of an uncertain plant interconnected in feedback with a candidate controller, on the grounds of experimental data taken from the same plant possibly driven by a different controller. In such a context, convenient tools to work with are test functionals, computed via a virtual experiment, which quantify the discrepancy between the potential loop and the so‐called ‘tuned‐loop’ or ‘reference‐loop’ related to the same candidate controller. Several test functionals are considered and analyzed so as to unveil conditions under which their adoption can accomplish the desired goals. These results are shown to be of practical relevance for on‐line performance inference of feedback control systems and implementation of highly performing adaptive switching control systems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlled Folding of 2D Au–Polymer Brush Composites into 3D Microstructures
Authors: Kelby Tim S. , Wang Ming , Huck Wilhelm T.S.
Published: January 2011

Microscale, quasi‐2D Au–polymer brush composite objects are fabricated by a versatile, controllable process based on microcontact printing followed by brush growth and etching of the substrate. These objects fold into 3D microstructures in response to a stimulus: crosslinked poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) brushes fold on immersion in MeOH, and poly(methacryloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride) (PMETAC) brushes fold on addition of salt. Microcages and microcontainers are fabricated. A multistep microcontact printing process is also used to create sheets of Au–PGMA bilayer lines linked by a PGMA film, which fold into cylindrical tubes. The bending of these objects can be predicted, and hence predefined during the synthesis process by controlling the parameters of the gold layer, and of the polymer brush.
Pure and complete 12p trisomy due to a maternal centric fission of chromosome 12
Authors: Cetin Zafer , Mihci Ercan , Yakut Sezin , Keser Ibrahim , Karauzum Sibel Berker , Luleci Guven
Published: January 2011

Pure and complete 12p trisomy are rare. Here, we report on a unique patient with trisomy 12p syndrome due to centric fission of maternal chromosome 12. Conventional cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques revealed the proposita's karyotype to be 47,XX,+fis(12)(p10)mat whereas the maternal one was 47,XX,‐12,+fis(12)(p10),+fis(12) (q10). This is the first report on centric fission of chromosome 12 leading to stable telocentrics, each with a fully functional centromere. Our observation shows that the centric fission of chromosome 12 can be a new mechanism for generation of a partial centromere and trisomy 12p syndrome. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of a genetic variant of the neuronal growth associated protein Stathmin 1 on cognitive and affective control processes: An event‐related potential study
Authors: Ehlis Ann‐Christine , Bauernschmitt Katharina , Dresler Thomas , Hahn Tim , Herrmann Martin J. , Röser Christoph , Romanos Marcel , Warnke Andreas , Gerlach Manfred , Lesch Klaus‐Peter , Fallgatter Andreas J. , Renner Tobias J.
Published: January 2011

Stathmin 1 (STMN1) is a neuronal growth associated protein (NGAP) that is involved in microtubule dynamics and plays an important role in neurite outgrowth and synaptic plasticity. It is highly expressed in the amygdala, but also in different areas of the neocortex including the frontal lobe. Based on previous findings regarding an impact ofSTMN1on fear processing, the present study aimed at extending the evidence concerning its functional role to include the domain of executive (frontal lobe) functions. To this end, a group of 59 healthy volunteers stratified for the single‐nucleotide polymorphism rs182455 of the STMN1 gene was examined by means of three experimental paradigms probing different aspects of cognitive–affective functioning. Event‐related potential measures of cognitive response control, emotional interference processing, and action monitoring were analyzed.STMN1genotype significantly affected the NoGo‐anteriorization (NGA)—a neurophysiological marker of cognitive response control associated with medial prefrontal cortex activation—as well as the modulation of the P300 by the valence of emotional Stroop stimuli. In both cases, carriers of the rs182455 C‐allele showed altered cognitive–affective processing; effects appeared to be more pronounced in females. Our findings indicate a functional impact ofSTMN1on cognitive and affective control processes, thereby complementing previous evidence on its role in fear processing. Based on these results, an influence ofSTMN1should be considered in studies aiming at the etiopathogenesis of a broad range of neuropsychiatric disorders with dysfunctional networking, including neurodegenerative disorders as well as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, anxiety disorders, depression, and ADHD. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Do bibliometricians cite differently from other scholars?
Authors: Case Donald O. , Miller Joseph B.
Published: January 2011

Why authors cite particular documents has been the subject of both speculation and empirical investigation for decades. This article provides a short history of attempts to understand citation motivations and reports a replication of earlier surveys measuring reasons for citations. Comparisons are made among various types of scholars. The present study identified six highly cited articles in the topic area of bibliometrics and surveyed all of the locatable authors who cited those works (n=112). It was thought that bibliometricians, given that this is their area of expertise, might have a heightened level of awareness of their own citation practices, and hence a different pattern of responses. Several reasons indicated by the 56% of the sample who identified themselves as bibliometricians differed in statistically significant ways from nonbibliometricians, and also from earlier samples of scholars in Communication and Psychology. By far the most common reason for citing a document is that it represents a genre. A factor analysis shows that 20 motivations, clustered in seven factors, can represent the most common motivations for citation. The implications of these findings are discussed in the light of recent debates about the role of social factors in citation. Alternative methods for investigating citation behavior are discussed.
Feedback predictive control for constrained fuzzy systems with Markovian jumps
Authors: Wen Jiwei , Liu Fei , Nguang Sing Kiong
Published: January 2011

In this paper, a feedback model predictive control method is presented to tackle control problems with constrained multivariables for uncertain discrete‐time nonlinear Markovian jump systems. An uncertain Markovian jump fuzzy system (MJFS) is obtained by employing the Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy model to represent a discrete‐time nonlinear system with norm bounded uncertainties and Markovain jump parameters. To achieve more generality, the transition probabilities of the Markov chain are assumed to be partly unknown and partly accessible. The predictive formulation adopts an on‐line optimization paradigm that utilizes the closed‐loop state feedback controller and is solved using the standard semi‐definite programming (SDP). To reduce the on‐line computational burden, a mode independent control move is calculated at every sampling time based on a stochastic fuzzy Lyapunov function (FLF) and a parallel distributed compensation (PDC) scheme. The robust mean square stability, performance minimization and constraint satisfaction properties are guaranteed under the control move for all admissible uncertainties. A numerical example is given to show the efficiency of the developed approach.

Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Information measures of Dirichlet distribution with applications
Authors: Ebrahimi Nader , Soofi Ehsan S. , Zhao Shaoqiong (Annie)
Published: January 2011

We explore properties of information measures of the Dirichlet family and related distributions. Representations of the information measures of the Dirichlet family in terms of the information measures of the gamma family reflect the characterization of Dirichlet distribution in terms of the ratios of independent gamma distributions to their sum. We present measures of information provided by a multinomial vector about the multinomial parameters under the Dirichlet prior and measures of information loss due to aggregation of Dirichlet components and the multinomial categories. New information characterizations of the bivariate Dirichlet distribution in terms of survival and hazard gradient constraints are given. The information analysis of contingency tables is briefly described. An example illustrates applications of Dirichlet prior for inferences about information measures of contingency tables and Kendall's tau for ordinal data. Results that compare solicitation of the mean and mode vectors for the Dirichlet model are given and are illustrated through an example from a study of business executives' environmental uncertainty in the aftermath of 9/11 terrorist attacks. The probability integral transformation is proposed for facilitating implementation of the maximum entropy Dirichlet process prior procedure for inference about the fit of continuous distributions to the data. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transcription factors regulating the progression of monocot and dicot seed development
Authors: Agarwal Pinky , Kapoor Sanjay , Tyagi Akhilesh K.
Published: January 2011

Seed development in this paper has been classified into the three landmark stages of cell division, organ initiation and maturation, based on morphological changes, and the available literature. The entire process proceeds at the behest of an interplay of various specific and general transcription factors (TFs). Monocots and dicots utilize overlapping, as well as distinct, TF networks during the process of seed development. The known TFs in rice and Arabidopsis have been chronologically categorized into the three stages. The main regulators of seed development contain B3 or HAP3 domains. These interact with bZIP and AP2 TFs. Other TFs that play an indispensable role during the process contain homeobox‐, NAC‐, MYB‐, or ARF‐domains. This paper is a comprehensive analysis of the TFs essential for seed development and their interactions. An understanding of this interplay will not only help unravel an integrated developmental process, but will also pave the way for biotechnological applications.
Molecular mechanisms of interspecies transmission and pathogenicity of influenza viruses: Lessons from the 2009 pandemic
Authors: Klenk Hans D. , Garten Wolfgang , Matrosovich Mikhail
Published: January 2011

The emergence of the 2009 H1N1 virus pandemic was unexpected, since it had been predicted that the next pandemic would be caused by subtype H5N1. We also had to learn that a pandemic does not necessarily require the introduction of a new virus subtype into the human population, but that it may result from antigenic shift within the same subtype. The new variant was derived from human and animal viruses by genetic reassortment in the pig, supporting the concept that this animal is the mixing vessel for the generation of new human influenza viruses. Although it is generally believed that the 2009 outbreak was mild, there have been severe cases particularly among the young and the middle‐aged. Pathogenicity and host range are determined to a large extent by the polymerase, the haemagglutinin and the NS1 protein of influenza A viruses. There is evidence that mutations of these proteins may change the pathogenicity of the new virus.
The impella recover 2.5 and TandemHeart ventricular assist devices are safe and associated with equivalent clinical outcomes in patients undergoing high‐risk percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Kovacic Jason C. , Nguyen Huy T. , Karajgikar Rucha , Sharma Samin K. , Kini Annapoorna S.
Published: January 2011

Objectives: To compare the practical use, safety, and clinical outcomes associated with the TandemHeart (TH) versus Impella Recover 2.5 (IR2.5) devices when used for circulatory support during high‐risk percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background: Small studies and registries suggest safety and efficacy for the TH and IR2.5 percutaneous‐left ventricular assist devices (P‐LVADs). However, these P‐LVADs differ markedly in their insertion, operation, and manner of circulatory augmentation. To date, no study has compared these devices. Methods: We identified 68 patients (49 males, 19 females; age 71.1 ± 12.1 years) from our single‐center database that underwent “high‐risk” PCI with P‐LVAD support from April 2005 to June 2010 (32 with TH, 36 with IR2.5). Relevant data were extracted for analysis. Results: Baseline demographics were similar, including low LVEF (overall mean 31.0 ± 13.7%) and elevated STS mortality risk score (4.2 ± 3.7%). Angiographic characteristics were also similar, with a mean of 2.4 ± 1.0 lesions treated per patient, and 29% undergoing left main PCI. PCI success rates were 99% in both groups, with similar in‐hospital outcomes and a combined 7% major vascular access site complication rate. A single episode of left atrial perforation occurred during TH use. No patient required emergent CABG and no in‐hospital deaths occurred. The 30‐day MACE rate (death, myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization) was 5.8%. There were no differences between the IR2.5 and TH groups with respect to short‐ or long‐term clinical outcomes. Conclusions: The IR2.5 and TH assist devices are safe, equally effective, and associated with acceptable short‐ and long‐term clinical outcomes in patients undergoing “high‐risk” PCI. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcatheter occlusion of the patent ductus arteriosus in infants: Experimental testing of a new Amplatzer device
Authors: Bass John L. , Wilson Neil
Published: January 2011

Objectives: This study assessed the feasibility and efficacy of implanting a new miniaturized nitinol device to occlude the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in a newborn porcine model. Background: Transcatheter device closure is the standard of care for PDA in older children and adults. Currently available technology is not designed for the newborn infant. Methods: The Amplatzer Duct Occluder II 0.5 is a new transcatheter Nitinol device without fabric designed to close the PDA with small aortic and pulmonary artery structures. The device was implanted in 8 infant pigs (average weight 2,400 g) after balloon dilation of PDA (average diameter 2.7 mm, average length 5.8 mm) with immediate, ∼ 7, ∼ 30, and ∼ 90 day follow‐up by echocardiography, angiography, and final pathological examination. Half were implanted arterial, and half venous. Results: The device was successfully implanted in all animals. There was complete occlusion of the PDA in all cases without obstruction of the pulmonary arteries or aorta. There was complete late endothelialization without thrombus. The only complication was transection of a femoral artery accessed by cutdown. Conclusions: The success of this animal study confirms safety and feasibility of the Amplatzer Duct Occluder II 0.5 (now known as the ADO II AS) for use when the aorta and pulmonary arteries are small. Consideration can be given to transcatheter closure of the PDA in preterm and other small infants with this device. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The use of a guide catheter extension system as an aid during transradial percutaneous coronary intervention of coronary artery bypass grafts
Authors: Farooq Vasim , Mamas Mamas A. , Fath‐Ordoubadi Farzin , Fraser Douglas G.
Published: January 2011

Aims: Prior coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is one of the main predictors of failure of transradial PCI. Frequently this is due to difficulty in graft cannulation and/or poor backup support. In addition to Proxis's™ embolic protection role, the Proxis™, Heartrail™, and GuideLiner™ guide catheter extension devices have all been shown to facilitate coronary intervention by increasing backup support and aiding stent delivery. We describe our institution's experiences using these devices to aid transradial graft intervention. Methods: Between October 2007 and March 2010, the utility and safety of these devices were assessed in consecutive transradial graft intervention procedures. Proxis™ cases used for proximal protection alone were excluded. Deep intubation was defined as an intubation depth of ≥2cm. Results: Guide catheter extensions were used in 33 of 41 transradial graft interventions identified. Proxis™ was used for proximal protection alone in 3 cases, leaving 30 cases as the study group (Heartrail™ n = 18, GuideLiner™ n = 3, Proxis™ n = 9). In all study cases procedural success with final TIMI‐3 flow was achieved. Guide catheter extensions were used to aid during graft cannulation (n = 11), to improve backup support via deep intubation (n = 26) and as an adjunctive aspiration device (n = 11). Filter‐based distal embolic protection devices were used in 11/21 Heartrail™ and GuideLiner™ cases. Deep intubation depths ranged from 30 to 138 mm (mean 61 mm) with no complications related to deep intubation seen. Conclusions: The use of guide catheter extension systems facilitated transradial graft intervention via several mechanisms including aid to graft cannulation, increasing backup support, and as an adjunctive aspiration device. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Scalable Synthesis of Tavorite LiFeSO4F and NaFeSO4F Cathode Materials.
Authors: Tripathi Rajesh , Ramesh T. N. , Ellis Brian L. , Nazar Linda F.
Published: January 2011

Tavorite LiFeSO4F as a cathode material for rechargeable Li‐ion cells and the new possible Na‐ion battery material NaFeSO4F are synthesized by rapidly heating FeSO4·7H2O for 3 h at 100 °C under N2/7% H2 followed by ball‐milling with NaF or LiF, and reacting the mixture solvothermally in tetraethylene glycol (Parr reactor, 220 °C, 60 h (Li), 48 h (Na)).
ChemInform Abstract: A Series of Vanadogermanates from 1D Chain to 3D Framework Built by Ge—V—O Clusters and Transition‐Metal‐Complex Bridges.
Authors: Zhou Jian , Zhang Jie , Fang Wei‐Hui , Yang Guo‐Yu
Published: January 2011

Compound (IV) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with Z = 4 and exhibits a one‐dimensional sinusoidal chain built up from {[Cd(en)]2V12O40(GeOH)8 (H2O)} clusters and [Cd(en)2] complexes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Keggin‐Type Polyoxometalate Crystals.
Authors: Arichi J. , Pereira M. M. , Esteves P. M. , Louis B.
Published: January 2011

H5PV2Mo10O40 is synthesized by addition of H2SO4 to an aqueous solution of Na2MoO4, Na2HPO4, and NaVO3 (273 K, 2 h) followed by ether extraction and recrystallization under sulfuric acid vapor.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition of Aryl Alanes to Trisubstituted Enones: Binap as an Effective Ligand in the Formation of Quaternary Stereocenters.
Authors: Hawner Christine , Mueller Daniel , Gremaud Ludovic , Felouat Abdellah , Woodward Simon , Alexakis Alexandre
Published: January 2011

Rhodium‐catalyzed addition of arylalanes towards enones unexpectedly proceeds via a 1,2‐addition pathway to give ketones bearing an all‐carbon quaternary stereocenter at β‐position.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic C—O Bond Cleavage of 2‐Aryloxy‐1‐arylethanols and Its Application to the Depolymerization of Lignin‐Related Polymers.
Authors: Nichols Jason M. , Bishop Lee M. , Bergman Robert G. , Ellman Jonathan A.
Published: January 2011

The Ru‐catalyzed cleavage of title aryloxy arylethanols (I) as model compounds for lignin‐like substructures is smoothly achieved to give aromatic ketones (II) and phenol derivatives in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlled and Chemoselective Reduction of Secondary Amides.
Authors: Pelletier Guillaume , Bechara William S. , Charette Andre B.
Published: January 2011

The chemoselective transformation of secondary amides to imines, amines, or aldehydes is achieved under metal‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Selectfluor‐Promoted Fluorination of Piperidinyl Olefins.
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Lee Nien‐Chia , Lee Ming‐Fang , Huang Yu‐Ping , Lin Chung‐Han
Published: January 2011

A convenient method is presented for the allylic fluorination, fluorohydroxylation and fluoroalkoxylation of olefins.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective α‐Defluorination of Polyfluorinated Esters and Amides Using SmI2/Et3N/H2O.
Authors: Wettergren Jenny , Ankner Tobias , Hilmersson Goeran
Published: January 2011

A simple and convenient method for selective α‐defluorination of polyfluorinated esters and amides is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of (Z)‐1,2‐anti‐2,5‐anti‐Triol Monosilyl Ethers Using a Cross‐Metathesis Allylboration Sequence.
Authors: Winbush SusAnn M. , Roush William R.
Published: January 2011

A new and highly stereoselective approach to title compounds like (V) and (VI) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Propargylic Alcohols for the Intramolecular Pauson—Khand Cycloaddition.
Authors: Turlington Mark , Yue Yang , Yu Xiao‐Qi , Pu Lin
Published: January 2011

A number of propargylic alcohols is prepared with high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Chloro‐β,γ‐ethylenic Esters: Enantiocontrolled Synthesis and Substitutions.
Authors: Genna Douglas T. , Hencken Christopher P. , Siegler Maxime A. , Posner Gary H.
Published: January 2011

The synthesis of chiral γ‐seleno‐α,β‐unsaturated esters is developed and their conversion to α‐chloro‐β,γ‐unsaturated esters with complete chirality transfer is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening Three‐Component Coupling of Methylenecyclopropane with Aldehydes and Silanes.
Authors: Ogata Kenichi , Atsuumi Yuka , Fukuzawa Shin‐ichi
Published: January 2011

The procedure provides silylated allylic alcohols as complex structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Free Homocoupling of 1‐Haloalkynes: A Facile Synthesis of Symmetrical 1,3‐Diynes.
Authors: Chen Zhengwang , Jiang Huanfeng , Wang Azhong , Yang Shaorong
Published: January 2011

A broad spectrum of title compounds is prepared and high functional group compatibility is observed.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Bifunctional Aza‐Bis(oxazoline) Copper Catalysts for Enantioselective Henry Reaction.
Authors: Lang Kai , Park Jongwoo , Hong Sukwon
Published: January 2011

The new Cu complexes, generated from CUC and the bis(oxazolines) (Ia) and (Ib) highly efficient catalysts for the asymmetric Henry reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Broensted Acid‐Catalyzed Allylboration of Aldehydes.
Authors: Jain Pankaj , Antilla Jon C.
Published: January 2011

A variety of chiral homoallylic alcohols is prepared with high enantioselectivity [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Claisen Rearrangement of Unactivated Allyl Vinyl Ethers.
Authors: Geherty Maryll E. , Dura Robert D. , Nelson Scott G.
Published: January 2011

The presence of the free hydroxy‐group in the chiral catalyst is crucial.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploring Rhodium‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Chiral Alkenylboronates Using Chiral Olefin Ligands.
Authors: Frost Christopher G. , Edwards Hannah J. , Penrose Stephen D. , Gleave Robert
Published: January 2011

The reaction of the chiral alkenylboron reagent (I) with α,β‐unsaturated ketones proceeds with excellent diastereoselectivity under the optimized conditions shown.
ChemInform Abstract: An Effective Kinetic Resolution of Racemic α‐Arylpropanoic Acids, α‐Arylbutanoic Acids, and β‐Substituted‐α‐arylpropanoic Acids with Bis(9‐phenanthryl)methanol as a New Achiral Nucleophile in the Asymmetric Esterification Using Carboxylic Anhydrides and the Acyl‐Transfer Catalyst.
Authors: Nakata Kenya , Onda Yu‐suke , Ono Keisuke , Shiina Isamu
Published: January 2011

A widely applicable method is developed via generation of mixed anhydrides followed by reaction with bis(9‐phenanthryl)methanol in the presence of (+)‐benzotetramisole as the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Access to Biaryls and 2‐Acetyl‐5‐arylbenzofurans via Suzuki Coupling in Water under Thermal and Microwave Conditions.
Authors: Darweesh Ahmed F. , Shaaban Mohamed R. , Farag Ahmad M. , Metz Peter , Dawood Kamal M.
Published: January 2011

A benzothiazole‐based palladium(II) complex is used as precatalyst in the transformations.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Aryl Ketones from Carboxylic Acids and Arylboronic Acids Using EEDQ.
Authors: Kwon Young Bum , Choi Bo Ram , Lee Seung Hwan , Seo Jin‐soo , Yoon Cheol Min
Published: January 2011

Aryl ketones (III) are formed in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Reinvestigation of Structure—Activity Relationship of Methoxylated Chalcones as Antimalarials: Synthesis and Evaluation of 2,4,5‐Trimethoxy Substituted Patterns as Lead Candidates Derived from Abundantly Available Natural β‐Asarone.
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Mohanakrishnan Dinesh , Sharma Abhishek , Kaushik Naveen Kumar , Kalia Kalpana , Sinha Arun Kumar , Sahal Dinkar
Published: January 2011

The antimalarial structure—activity relationship of methoxylated chalcones is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Catalyzed Synthesis of Highly Substituted Naphthalenes via Direct Ring Construction from Amides with Alkynes.
Authors: Wu Junliang , Cui Xiuling , Mi Xia , Li Ying , Wu Yangjie
Published: January 2011

A variety of novel highly substituted naphthalenes (III) is prepared chemo‐ and regioselectively under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Heterocycle and Arene Deprotonative Alkylation.
Authors: Tran Ly Dieu , Daugulis Olafs
Published: January 2011

The procedure is successful for various heterocyclic substrates in the presence of alkyl bromides or iodides and an amide base.
ChemInform Abstract: 3,3′‐Bis(arylbenzofurans) via a Gold‐Catalyzed Domino Process.
Authors: Auzias Mathieu G. , Neuburger Markus , Wegner Hermann A.
Published: January 2011

The gold‐catalyzed 5‐endo‐dig cyclization of 2‐alkynyl phenols is followed by oxidative coupling of the resulting benzofurans.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Hydroamination of Unactivated Alkenes with Secondary Alkylamines Catalyzed by Iridium Phosphino—Phenolate Complexes.
Authors: Hesp Kevin D. , McDonald Robert , Stradiotto Mark
Published: January 2011

A new iridium phosphino—phenolate complex is an effective precatalyst for the intramolecular hydroamination of unactivated alkenes with pendant secondary alkylamines, providing either pyrrolidine or piperidine heterocycles in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Arylboronates to Isatins: A Catalytic Cycle Involving Alkoxocopper Intermediates.
Authors: Shintani Ryo , Takatsu Keishi , Hayashi Tamio
Published: January 2011

The title reaction affords 3‐aryl‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐oxoindoles (III) under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Oxo‐sulfines in the Indole Series.
Authors: Bergman Jan , Romero Ivan
Published: January 2011

Oxindoles (I) readily react with thionyl chloride to furnish unexpectedly isolable, stable sulfines (II) in good yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Anhydrous FePO4: A Green and Cost‐Effective Catalyst for the One‐Pot Three Component Synthesis of 2,4,5‐Triarylated Imidazoles.
Authors: Behbahani Farahnaz K. , Yektanezhad Talaye , Khorrami Afshin R.
Published: January 2011

The presented simple and environmentally friendly synthesis includes an easy work‐up.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Indanes with Four Stereogenic Centers via Sequential Michael Reaction and [3 + 2] Cycloaddition.
Authors: Chua Pei Juan , Tan Bin , Yang Limin , Zeng Xiaofei , Zhu Di , Zhong Guofu
Published: January 2011

The asymmetric Michael reaction of aldehydes (I) and (VII) with vinyl sulfone (II) followed by condensation with hydroxylamines (III) and an intramolecular nitrone [3 + 2] cycloaddition gives rise to a variety of chiral indans (IV) and (VIII) in high yields.