bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Türk Fındığında Anaç Seleksiyonu
Authors: Balta Ayşegül , Serdar Ümit , Akyüz Burak
Published: May 2024

Türk fındığı (Corylus colurna L) ağaç formunda yetişen bir fındık türüdür. Bu tür, ülkemizde Karadeniz Bölgesinde geçit bölgelerinde, yarı kurak alanlarda doğal olarak yetişmektedir. Türk fındığı dip sürgünü vermeme veya az verme yeteneği nedeniyle anaç olarak kullanılabilme potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu çalışma ‘Çakıldak’ fındık çeşidi ile aşılı Türk fındığı genotiplerinde dip sürgünü vermeyen ve kuvvetli gelişen genotiplerin anaç olarak seçilmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışma, 2019 yılı Aralık ayında Samsun’da özel bir fidanlığa dikilen 1500 adet 2 yaşlı Türk fındığı çöğürü ile başlatılmıştır. Çöğürler 2021 yılı Nisan ayında ‘Çakıldak’ fındık çeşidi ile aşılanmıştır. 2021 yılı sonunda dip sürgünü verme eğilimi az olan ve kuvvetli gelişen 52 genotip seçilerek Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ali Nihat Gökyiğit Araştırma İstasyonu’nda bulunan deneme parseline dikilmiştir. 2022 ve 2023 yıllarında arazi koşullarında genotiplerin fidan gelişimi ve dip sürgünü verme eğilimlerinin incelenmesine devam edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada 2019 yılında başlayarak 2023 yılı sonuna kadar yapılan Türk fındığı anaç seleksiyonu çalışmaları hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Seçilen genotipler 2025-2026 yıllarında vejetatif çoğaltma çalışmalarına tabi tutulacaktır. Vejetatif olarak çoğaltılabilen genotipler anaç olarak tescil edilecektir.
Bazı Kayısı Çeşitlerinin Şeker ve Aroma İçeriklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Comlekcioglu Songul , Kafkas Ebru , Mızrak Aydın , İmrak Burhanettin
Published: May 2024

Bu araştırmada, adaptasyon çalışması yürütülen 4 kayısı çeşidinde (Pincot, Luna, Farbaly, Carmen) şeker ve aroma bileşenleri belirlenmiş, pomolojik analizler yapılmıştır. Çeşitlere ait meyve sularında şeker analizi HPLC tekniği ile belirlenmiştir, buna göre sükroz %4,71-7,19, glukoz %0,77-1,44, ksiloz %0,0-0,07, fruktoz %0,65-0,75, toplam şeker %6,46-9,42 ve suda çözünebilir kuru madde (SÇKM) %5,75-11,75 değerleri arasında bulunmuştur. Aroma bileşenlerinin tayini ve miktar analizi GC-MS cihazında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Alkoller %74,69-88,67, terpenler %2,08-10,45, ketonlar %1,99-5,46, aldehitler %3,79-7,89, esterler %0,43-1,24 ve diğer aroma bileşenleri %0,33-5,26 değerleri arasında ölçülmüştür. Pomolojik özellikler bakımından, meyve boyu 45.16-54.06 mm, meyve eni 43.94-55.82 mm, meyve yüksekliği 45,98-53,49 mm, meyve eti sertliği 1,88-2,98 kg.cm⁻², meyve ağırlığı 52,11-97,14 g, SÇKM %10,67-12,33 değerleri arasında belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca Minolta cihazı ile L*, a* ve b* değerleri okunmuş, bu değerler kullanılarak Chroma (C*) ve Hue (h°) değerleri de hesaplanmıştır.
Turist rehberlerinde epistemik merak algısının iş performansı üzerine etkisi
Authors: Pelit Osman
Published: May 2024

Araştırmanın amacı, turist rehberlerinin epistemik merakının iş performansı üzerindeki etkisinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırmanın evreni, Ankara Turist Rehberleri Odası’na (ANRO) kayıtlı olan eylemli turist rehberlerinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında anket tekniğinden yararlanılmış olup, araştırma örneklemini oluşturan 161 turist rehberine anket uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. SPSS istatistik programı aracılığıyla analize tabi tutulan verilerin çözümlenmesinde; frekans, yüzde, aritmetik ortalama ve standart sapma gibi betimsel istatistiklerin yanı sıra güvenilirlik, korelasyon ve basit doğrusal regresyon analizleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, anket uygulanan turist rehberlerinin gerek epistemik merak düzeylerinin gerekse iş performans düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte anket uygulanan turist rehberlerinin, epistemik merak düzeyleri ile iş performansları arasında pozitif yönlü yüksek düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiş olup gerçekleştirilen regresyon analizi sonucunda, turist rehberlerinin epistemik meraklarının iş performansları üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Konu ile ilgili literatürde turist rehberlerinin epistemik merakının iş performansı üzerindeki etkilerini detaylı bir şekilde ele alan bir çalışmaya ulaşılamamıştır. Bu bağlamda, araştırma bulguları değerlendirilmiş ve yorumlanmış, turizm sektöründeki paydaşlara, turist rehberlerinin eğitimi ve geliştirilmesiyle ilgilenen kuruluşlara ve gelecekteki araştırmalara yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Special education, pandemic and social representations: a state of the art survey
Authors: Palmieri Bianca Moretti Vieira , Galego João Pedro Crevonis , Gisi Maria Lourdes , Ens Romilda Teodora
Published: May 2024

The Covid-19 Pandemic represented obstacles for students with Special Education Needs. In this context, we aimed to understand the Social Representations of researchers on Special Education during the Covid-19 pandemic. Through “State of the Art” and Hermeneutics research, with the theoretical contribution of the Theory of Social Representations, we interpreted publications by researchers on the subject in CAPES journals. To systematize the results, we used the IRaMuTeQ software, which made it possible to understand Social Representations through the Word Cloud and the Similitude Tree. We infer that the Social Representations on Special Education highlighted the difficulties of the educational process and the need for actions in the post-pandemic context such as efficient Policies, teachers and professionals’ formation aimed at providing assistance, the construction of new educational models and approaches.
Study on Common Mental Disorders (CMD) in medical residents victims of aggressions in the Medical Residency Program in the state of Paraná
Authors: Netto Felício de Freitas , Cordeiro Tatiana Menezes Garcia , Jecohti Vivian Missima
Published: May 2024

Medical residency entails supervised on-the-job training, where the dual role of worker and learner subjects’ residents to constant internal tension, potentially triggering common mental disorders (CMD). This cross-sectional, quantitative study involved 165 medical residents, administering three simultaneous virtual questionnaires on sociodemographic data, aggressions, abuse, mistreatment, and CMD. A significance level of 5% was utilized. Among residents frequently subjected to aggression, abuse, and mistreatment, 89.23% were classified as possible CMD cases (p < 0.001). Preceptors and supervisors were the most reported aggressors (66.15%). "Depreciation or humiliation" (p = 0.018), "assignment of punitive rather than educational tasks" (p = 0.022), and "threat of harm" (p = 0.008) were the most associated frequent aggression modalities with the classification of possible CMD cases. Imbalance among emotional, mental, and social spheres is linked to poor technical performance and inefficiency in patient relations.
Концептуальні основи розвитку української судової експертизи в контексті євроінтеграційних процесів
Authors:   Yuri Yaroslav, Oleh Golubenko, Oleh Nazarov
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the establishment of the conceptual foundations of ship examination, which are approximately the same for different countries: organizational and legal, principled, communicative, status, analytical and evaluation. European standards are analyzed for the implementation of the principle of expert independence, expert didactics, ship control over the examination procedure, their assessment and evaluation. Shows directly the development of shipboard examination with a view to the practice of the EU.
État du financement des droits fonciers et de la conservation des forêts: Financement des bailleurs en faveur des peuples autochtones, des communautés locales et des peuples afro-descendants dans les pays forestiers tropicaux (2011–2023)
Authors:   Rights and Resources Initiative,   Rainforest Foundation Norway
Published: May 2024

Le 10 avril 2024, L'Initiative des droits et ressources (RRI) et Rainforest Foundation Norway (RFN) ont lancé le tableau de bord Path to Scale, un nouvel outil en ligne open-source qui permet d'accéder facilement aux données de financement des bailleurs de fonds pour les droits des peuples autochtones, des peuples afro-descendants et des communautés locales, ainsi que pour la garde des forêts. Cette nouvelle étude analyse les données du tableau de bord et les principales tendances en matière de financement depuis 2020. Il constate que si le financement des donateurs entre 2020 et 2023 a augmenté de 36 % par rapport aux quatre années précédentes, atteignant en moyenne 517 millions de dollars américains par an, il n'y a toujours pas de changement systématique dans le financement direct des donateurs aux organisations de défense des droits de l'homme. En rendant ces données disponibles pour la première fois, le tableau de bord et la note d'information aideront les donateurs, les organisations non gouvernementales et les titulaires de droits à identifier les lacunes et les opportunités de financement critiques dans les efforts mondiaux visant à garantir les droits des communautés et à lutter contre la double crise du climat et de la biodiversité.
Interesse del minore e relazione di filiazione tra diritto interno, diritto internazionale e diritto dell’Unione Europea
Authors: Rossi Marzia
Published: May 2024

Interest of the Child and Parent-Child Relationship between Italian Law, International Law and European Union Law

ABSTRACT: La nozione di “interesse del minore”, seppur con sfumature lessicali diverse, è sancita dalle Carte dei diritti internazionali e sovranazionali, dalla legislazione dell'Unione europea, dalla legislazione italiana e dalle decisioni giudiziarie in materia di minori. Il contributo intende analizzare il complesso processo evolutivo che ha coinvolto il termine “interesse del minore” fino a farlo diventare, nel tempo, un principio cardine del diritto di famiglia nella sua essenza sia come clausola generale a cui il legislatore deve conformarsi, quando si tratta di adottare norme che attuano l'interesse del minore, sia come criterio ermeneutico prevalente per l'interprete.
SOMMARIO: 1. Profili introduttivi - 2. La condizione personale e giuridica del minore di età nel processo evolutivo del diritto di famiglia - 3. I diritti dei minori di età e il principio dell’“interesse del minore” nel patrimonio culturale e giuridico occidentale - 4. Il paradigma dell’“interesse del minore” nelle fonti internazionali e nel diritto dell’Unione europea - 5. Il paradigma dell’“interesse del minore” nel codice civile italiano e in alcune leggi collegate - 6. L’interesse del minore: un principio vago dall’essenza problematica.
Aboveground phytomass models for major species in shrub ecosystems of western Andalusia
Authors: Blanco Oyonarte P. , Navarro Cerrillo R. M.
Published: May 2024

This paper reports the first results of a project aimed at estimating aboveground biomass in shrub ecosystems of Western Andalusia. Models for predicting of dry phytomass (ms) from apparent biovolume (v) values were constructed by simple regression analysis, using shrub height, and maximum and minimum crown diameter as the specific data. Models obtained for the 31 selected species in these ecosystems were power, linear and logarithmic functions with determination coefficients (R2) between 0.751 and 0.989. The statistical significance of the results confirms the accuracy of the regional estimates provided by these models.
The communal forest development and the conservation of the forest genetic resources
Authors: Añazco Romero M.
Published: May 2024

The communal forest development, also known like social forestry, constitutes an important component of the forest development in general. It is based on the participation of the local communities as true actors in all the process of the forestry handling, that goes from the diagnosis and the planning to the systematization of the acquired experiences. The contribution of the communal forest development to the conservation of the forest genetic resources, visualizes in the conservation in situ of the biodiversity through the different strategies implemented for the protection and conservation from native forests, in the silvicultural handling that occur to the different used species, and in other specific actions of the forest genetic improvement, as they are the establishment of seed plots orchards. With the introduction of actions of conservation of forest genetic resources in communitarian activities, it is hoped to contribute at a better standard of life of indigenous rural organizations and farmers, because they will be able to obtain forest and agroforest products and sub-products of better quality, which them can return more competitive in the different markets and to improve his nourishing security, to face of and in a better way the main problematic, poverty.
Selections of species, origins and provenance of Eucalyptus, resistant to low temperatures in nursery plants for the north of the Salado depression, Buenos Aires province, Argentine
Authors: Marlats R. M. , Perez F.
Published: May 2024

Considering the resistance to low temperatures, an early selection in tree nursery plant of 55 origins and provenance of Eucalyptus was made. The damage produced by frost happened in Lobos (35º 10' LS; 59º 10' Long.W; 29 m s.n.m.), Buenos Aires Province on seeding of Eucalyptus camaldulensis; E. tereticornis; E. viminalis; E. ovata; E. dunnii; E. delegatensis; E. nitens; E. fastigata; E. elata; E. smithii y E. oreades. For the selection of the treatment, climatic analogies were used between the origins and the bioeassy's place. A randomized complete design was made with 10 repetitions in 24 plants each one. A damage scale of 0 (undamaged) was settled, to 5 (air part dead); whole height were tested by Tuckey so as to compare media. The height of plants and the damage with the Geographic parameters of each origin were correlated. A high positive correlation with latitude, altitude and resistance to frost appeared. Eucalyptus camaldulensis of higher latitudes specially Lake Albatuya; E. tereticornis of similar latitudes around 29ºLS; E. viminalis, all the origins proved; E. ovata; E. delegatensis; E. fastigata and E. dunnii were outstanding because of their behavior.
Age-DBH-Total Height equations for Pinus oocarpa in Honduras
Authors: Ferreira O.
Published: May 2024

Pinus oocarpa is the most frequent conifer species in Honduras and the one with the highest economical value. Age is an essential parameter for forest inventory and management purposes provided that any stand must be stratified directly by counting tree rings in the core after boring. However, this method has some disadvantages. A practical alternative to boring is the use of mathematical equations relating age and other parameters that are easier to determine, such as diameter and height. Several mathematical linear models were tested in this study. The equations were obtained with data from 341 permanent sample plots established in the region of Comayagua. Six mathematical models were tested and then the best ones were selected using their residual error as an index. Age/DBH tables of the selected model were built for each site index class. The results are only applicable to Pinus oocarpa native stands under selfthinning treatments. Artificial thinning practices would result in changes in the mean stand diameter and consequently in changes in the other relationships.
New conductometric method for measure sap velocity in the xylem of isolated branches
Authors: Bara Temes S.
Published: May 2024

By using a portable conductimeter detector equipped with a two needle probe, it is possible to measure the sap velocity in the xylem of isolated branches by submerging the cut end in a solution of potassin chloride, of adequate concentration. Saline solution contact with the probe causes a increase in conductivity. The velocity is determined from three measurements at three predetermined distances from the probe and by adjusting velocity value readings according a second degree polynomial. Extrapolation of velocity to zero distance then gives the independent value, corresponding to the result. This is necessary since the apparent velocity depends on the distance of the probe from the cut point, which is in turn correlated to salt retention in branch transport. Velocities obtained by our method exceed those quoted in the bibliography for trees, by the heat impulse method, with the exception of conifers for which there is correlation
Three parametric volume tables for forest management
Authors: Martinez Millan F. J. , Ara Lazaro P. , Gonzalez Doncel I.
Published: May 2024

A set of volume equations are presented, providing the merchantable timber volume for the principal tree species, present at the Spanish managed forests. These equations allow to replace felled sampled trees, for the mensuration, on standing trees of d.b.h., diameter at 4 m over stump and total height. From these data, local volume tables for management, can be obtained.
A note on the virulence study of Coniophora puteana (Schumacher ex Fries) Karsten, Gloeophyllum trabeum (Persoon ex Fries) Murrill and Postia Placenta (Fr.) M.J. Lars et Lomb on differents culture media
Authors: Troya M. T. , Navarrete A.
Published: May 2024

Fungi used for tests on fungicide effectiveness of wood preservatives can loose their virulence throughout time. This loss relates to the enzymatic inhibition produced in the successive mass transfers in artificial culture media. This work describes the methodology used to restore that virulence by growing the fungi in different culture media, with or without wood sawdust which can be later evaluated by the weight loss suffered by test specimens of Pinus sylvestris L.
Phenotypic variation Pinus sylvestris in Spain: Cone and seed traits
Authors: Agundez D. , Alia R. , Diez R. , Gil L. , Pardos J. A.
Published: May 2024

Phenotypic variation of 15 provenances for some tratis of cone and seeds collected in natural stands are analysed. The traits used in the analysis are lenght, width and ratio lenght/width in cones, weight of seeds, number of full, empty and no-developped seeds per cone. Provenances have significant differences for all the traits: that ones characterising cone size and shape, and the other ones relating the size and number of seeds per cone. All these characters have a moderate to high repetibility within tree (r2=0.3-0.8). There is a continous variation between provenances, but there are not geographic or climatic groups of provenances. Random variation due to local factors could explain the performance or the spanish provenances in these traits.
Analysis using a Landsat MSS image of the ground cover spatial diversity in Doñana National Park (Spain)
Authors: Cuevas Gozalo J. M. , Gonzalez Alonso F.
Published: May 2024

The spatial diversity of the ground covers in the National Park of Doñana has been studied using the information of a Landsat MSS image recorded the year 1989. Eight ground covers were considered: coastal dunes, pine forests, eucalyptus forests, flooded marshes, non flooded marshes, flooded marshes with Phragmites sp., rice fields and brushwoods. A supervised classification was performed and the spatial diversity was calculated in base to the number of ground cover classes in a window of 3 x 3 pixels around each pixel of the study area.
Phenolic acids as biochemical parameters to indicate stress in orchards of Pinus pinaster
Authors: Alonso M. , Bara S. , Vega J. A.
Published: May 2024

The content of free and combined phenolic acids (gallic, protocatechuic, p-hidroxybenzoic, vanillic, siringic and p-cumaric) in seedlings of Pinus pinaster of one year old exposed to different types of stress (excess of humidity, mechanic damage, salinity, drought, SO2 contamination, heat and cold), is analyzed through Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). From the statistic analysis one can deduce that the influence of the exposure to different types of stress is significant in relation to the content of the different phenolic acids in needles. The content of free protocatechuic acid falls after three months of exposure to any treatments of strees but salinity. After one a half year, one can observe an increase in the content of combined gallic acid in ester form for all treatments previously mentioned. The contamination of SO2 induces significant increases of free gallic, vanillic, siringic y p-cumaric acids, and combined siringic and p-cumaric acdis in branches. It can also be observed statistic differences in roots, but less significant.
Fir (Abies hickelii Flous & Gaussen) forest structure variation in relation to environmental factor on the Orizaba Peak, Mexico
Authors: Avila C. H. , Aguirre J. R. , Garcia E.
Published: May 2024

This study was conducted near the ejido Jacal, Calcahualco, Veracruz, in the fir forests of the Pico de Orizaba National Park. the structural changes along an altitudinal gradient, and their relation to environmental factors (relief, soil and temperature) were studied. On each of four physiognomic variants previously distinguished, vegetation samples were taken with the point-centered quarter method. Soil samples were taken and temperature was recorded. The data was processed with the ordination program CANOCO. The structural changes in the fir forest are associated to a complex gradient formed by altitude, temperature, soil depth and different chemical characteristics.
Fisics properties of four Quercus species of Nuevo Leon, Mexico
Authors: Cruz de Leon J.
Published: May 2024

In Mexico, there are approximately 200 species of Quercus. In the State of Nuevo Leon, there are 51 species of Quercus. From these Quercus affinis, Q. rysophylla, Q. polymorpha and Q. prinopsis represent the species of higher abundance and better stem. The specific gravity and the radial, tangential and volumetric shrinkage of the wood of these species were measured Q. affinis obtained the smaller specific gravity and Q. prinopsis the largest. Q. prinopsis got the largest volumetric shrinkage and dimensional stability. Q. affinis and Q. rysophylla, can be used for beam, bolster, columns, frames, bridges, shafts, etc. Q. polymorpha and Q. prinopsis can be used for joinery, doors, windows, handles for tools, pencils, boxes, stave, toys, craftsmanship, etc. It is recommended to realize commercial plantations with Quercus affinis, Q. rysophylla, Q. polymorpha and Q. prinopsis.
Cyclophysis and topophysis influence in Populus deltoides Bartr from cutting-source formation to commercial plantation
Authors: Martinez Pastur G. , Buduba C. , Boyeras F. , Abedini W. , Beltrano J.
Published: May 2024

Commercial propagation of Salicaceae, carried out through cuttings, is influenced by ortet-ramet relations. The most frequently cited relations in the literature are topophysis and cyclophysis. The aim of this work was the study of topophysis and cyclophysis affecting growing shoots and rooting of P. deltoides cuttings from cutting-source formation to the first year in the commercial plantation. The results obtained that cyclophysis affected the new plant architecture as much as growing rate. The cuttings made on diagravitrophic ortets generate plants with: more horizontal branches, more meters per branch, more leaves and biomass, according to ortogratrophic ortets. The differences between the measured parameters point out a residual effect in the growing habit of the cutting into the ortet and the relation between explant efficiency and its situation on mother plant. The residual effect was made evident in the new plant formation. The topophysis modify rooting, being apical and basal cuttings bigger than intermediate-position cuttings. The low rooting percentage in intermediate-position cuttings (5 p. 100) could have physiological or genetical origins. These causes could not be clarified in our experiences. The topophysis and cyclophysis effects over cutting rooting and first year growing of plants in the cutting-source, determine the attainment of a highly heterogeneous population. In agreement with these results and in order to improve the commercial plantations in their first stages, the origin of plant material must be chosen considering the topophysis and cyclophysis effects
Log shape determination of Pinus hartwegii Lindl. in Northeastern Mexico
Authors: Jimenez J. , Aguirre O. , Niembro M. , Navar J. , Dominguez A.
Published: May 2024

This paper presents the results obtained in a research project aiming the establishment of an appropriated method for determining the stem shaoe of Pinus hartwegii Lindl. trees. Three taper equation models have been tested: polinomial regression of second degree, polinomial regression of fifth degree and combined variable model. Second and fifth degree regression models are the best ones for stem shape fitting.
Volume equations for the cork oak in East Algeria
Authors: Cuevas Gozalo J. M.
Published: May 2024

The volume equations obtained for the cork oak (Quercus suber L.) in the inventory of t he forests of El Kala-Souk Arhas (East Algeria) are presented. These equations are separated in two groups, one for the cork oaks never stripped and the other for the cork oaks at least once stripped. The equations are in the case of the cork oaks never stripped for the volumes of wood, virgin cork from the first stripping and virgin cork of cut, and in the case of cork oaks at least once stripped for the volumes of wood, virgin cork of cut and cork in planks.
Protecting Oregon old-growth forests from fires: How much is it worth?
Authors: Gonzalez-Caban A. , Loomis J. , Gregory R.
Published: May 2024

Current fire management policies in the USDA Forest Service includes traditional multiple uses, but these policies do not adequately incorporate non.traditional uses such as preservation of biodiversity and related nongame and endangered animals. A contingent valuation methodology was used for valuing the general public's desire to know that rare and unique ecosystems exist and will be protected from fire for current and future generations. The methodology was applied to old-growth forests and critical habitat units for the northern spotted owl in Oregon. A mail survey describing a simulated voter referendum on an Oregon old-growth fire prevention and control fund that reduces by half the number of acres of old-growth burned each year was sent to a random sample of 1,000 Oregon households. Each household was randomly assigned one of 20 alternative program cost levels ranging from $2 to $300. The mean dichotomus choice willingness to pay estimate was of $90. By expanding the sample to Oregon's populations yields, estimates ranged from $45 to $99 million for the whole State (a low of $45 to $90 per household). The resulting value per acre saved from fire under the proposed scenario is more than $24,000; and the cost per acre of old growth protected is $28.
Biomass accumulation in natural Nothofagus pumilio stands Fireland-Chile
Authors: Caldentey J.
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study was to analize the biomass accumulations in two Lenga (Nothofagus pumilio) natural forests, growing at 250 meters above sea level in Tierra del Fuego-Magallanes, Chile. Allometric equations were developed, based on destructive sampling (91 trees) in order to estimate the biomass. In Stand I, the total biomass was estimated at 447.3 tons dry weight/ha, in Stand II, at 382.4 tdw/ha. No significant differences were noticed throughout the forest development stages. Stems represented 87.4 p. 100 of the biomass (73.6 p. 100 wood and 13.8 p. 100 bark) and crowns 12.6 p. 100 (11.75 p. 100 branches and 0.85 p. 100 leaves).
First growth results of Douglas fir plantation fifteen to thirty years old in the Northwest of Spain
Authors: Garcia Sanchez S. , Rodriguez Soalleiro R. , Alvarez Gonzalez J. G. , Gonzalez Costas R. , Vega Alonso G.
Published: May 2024

This paper presents the results of growth obtained in thirty-four inventory plots instaled in comercial Douglas fir plantations fifteen to thirty years old in Asturias and Galicia (Northwest of Spain). One and two entrances cubage functions are fitted. The values of growth were compared with the french and british yield tables, resulting quite adequate results, including plantations with no attention to the provenance choice.
Criteria identification to select early thinning treatments in Pinus nigra ssp. laricio Arn. stands in the Basque Country
Authors: Aunos A.
Published: May 2024

The main objective of this study was to identify the best thinning treatment for young Pinus nigra ssp. laricio Arn. stands in the Basque Country. Felling selection criteria qould be based on individual tree attributes and vertical stratification. Data collected in the field indicate that the stands to do not show a tendency to vertical stratification. Individual tree characteristics are not distinctive enough to support felling decisions. Consequently, only operational aspects should be considered when planning treatments in young stands. Low thinning should be preferred over selective thinning at this stage of development in the stands.
Influence of thinning intensity on growth, volume production, and wood properties in a Pinus sylvestris L. reforestation
Authors: Gomez Loranca J. A. , Gutierrez Oliva A. , Baonza Merino Mª. V.
Published: May 2024

The present paper analyses the influence on growth, production and wood properties of several intensity thinning treatments carried out in a Pinus sylvestris L. reforestation. Because of thinning, a reduction in number of trees between 60-62 p. 100 has been made with the more intensive treatments. Significant differences in currnet diametral growth among treatments are detected. In this way, current diametral growths increase as diameter class increases and as intensity of thinning increases. Basal area total growth is similar to control in all treatments, and neither volume production total shows significant differences among treatments. Differences in growth ring width resulting from thinning are no accompanied by significant differences in latewood percentage, and wood basic density, as well as the range of last one for different directions inside same section of the stem.
Altica quercetorum Foudras, 1860 (Col.:Chrysomelidae), oak's defoliator in Galicia (NW Iberian Peninsula)
Authors: Fernandez de Ana F. J. , Lombardero M. J. , Martinez A.
Published: May 2024

This work synthesizes the information obtained over five years of the study of the attack of the insect Altica quercetorum Foudr. in Galicia (NW Spain). During this period, 1990-1995, this insect became an important pest in oak forests, extending over the whole of Galicia when the climate conditions and the availabilty of food permitted. The biological cycle of this insect is described and some interesting dates about its habits, trophic preferences, damages occasionated and geographical distribution are given. It analyses the causes that may have lead to the origin the pest phenomena and the dynamics of distribution. It provides information about the tried and tested techniques of control and their efficiency.
Relation of the germination pollen grains "in vitro" with the temperature and humidity, from two species Fagaceae (Q. rotundifolia Lam. and Q. suber L.)
Authors: Vazquez F. M. , Suarez M. A. , Baselga M. P.
Published: May 2024

This note study the relations between the germination of pollen grains and the temperature and humidity "in vitro", from two species of the family Fagaceae (Quercus rotundifolia Lam. and Q. suber L.), in a population known [Valle de Matamoros, Badajoz (Spain)]. The results suggestion from the humidity treatments what is necesary a grade of humidity of the 100 p. 100, in the two species from percentage of germination in the pollen grains bigger of 80 p. 100 (Q. rotundifolia r2 = 0,95, p<0,001 and Q. suber r2 = 0,90, p<0,001). In the temperature treatments exist a range of temperature optimum: in Q. rotundifolia is between 23ºC and 30ºC and Q. suber is between 28º C and 32º C. And exist a temperature optimum: in Q. rotundifolia 25º C (81 p. 100 germination percentage) and Q. suber 28º C (84 p. 100 germination percentage).
Seed germination according to crown position and maturation year of Pinus pinaster Ait. closed-cones from Teleno Mountains(León, Northwest Spain)
Authors: Molina C. , Tapias R. , Gil L.
Published: May 2024

Pinus pinaster Ait. from Teleno mountains (NW Spain) has closed-cones. This character has been extensively studied in other pines due to its meaning as a fire adaptative strategy. This paper analyses seed innate dormancy of this pine population. The results indicate that south exposed seeds germinate faster than north or top-crown located seeds. Seed germination rates are correlated to mean daily maximum summer temperature in maturation year. On the contrary, different summer temperatures does not correspond to different percentage of seed viability. We interpret the germination-maturation temperature relation as an efficient mechanism to diversify the length of seed innate dormancy and, in this way, to get an extended germination in time.
Populousness changes of a Pampas Silvopastoral System (Argentina) as a function of tree canopy
Authors: Ansin O.E. , Marlats R. M.
Published: May 2024

The aim of this research was to assess the effects of total and partial clearing and alternate grazing on succession changes of a Silvopastoral System. The experimental area is located in the State of Buenos Aires, Argentina (34º 52' LS; 58º 08' LW). At the initial time the vegetation tree appeared to be predominantly Honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.), which represented 90 p. 100 of cover. The native vegetation mainly composed by rescue grass (Bromus catharticus Vahl.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), represented 4,5 p. 100 of the basal cover. During ten years, from 1985 till 1994, data were collected to describe differences between cleared and woodland areas. The treatments were subjected to a continous and noncontinous horse grazing (with distubance and resting events). Our results suggest that partial clearing and alternate grazing does not alter tree density. Furthermore, this treatment may result in a greater (p < 0.05) forage cover (23 p. 100), species diversity (2.5) and a higher nutritive value and forage biomass production (2,020 kg of dry matter/ha-1).
Wood and bark of Prosopis kuntzei (Harms), itín in relationship to some magnitude dendrometrics
Authors: Gimenez A.M. , Rios N. , Moglia G.
Published: May 2024

The objective of the present paper is to evaluate the structural characters of xylem and bark structure of Prosopis kuntzei (Harms) itín, family Mimosaceae, in order to determine grwoth rings pattern and relate them to some dendrometrics magnitudes in function of age, diameter and height. The work was done with adult individuals of DAP superior to 15 cm from the following places: Sachajoy, Brea Pozo and Suncho Corral, Province of Santiago del Estero, Argentina
Mechanical characterization of Redwood structural timber from Central and Iberian mountains
Authors: Fernandez-Golfin J. I. , Diez M. R. , Gutierrez A.
Published: May 2024

A mechanical characterization of structural timber (150 x 50 x 3.000 mm) of different Spanish provenances of Pinus sylvestris is carried out, giving the characteristic values and strength classes corresponding to the quality classes considered in the UNE 56544 visual grading standard. A criticism of the cited UNE 56544 standard is also included, providing some solutions to the detected problems. A mechanical characterization of timber coming from young small dimater logs is also considered and a discussion about the influence of the intensity of thinnings into the mechanical properties and quality of timber is provided. The feasibility of the use of the UNE 56544 standard is also discussed. A final comparison with the results of other studies on Pinus pinaster and P. radiata is also carried out.
Seasonal growth and needle fall in Pinus sylvestris and P. uncinata
Authors: Guerrero-Campo J. , Camarero J. J. , Gutierrez E.
Published: May 2024

In this work, we study monthly development of tree-ring, elongation of branches, needle fall for Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus uncinata Ram. in the Spanish Central Pyrenees during 1993. Tree-ring formation happens from early June to late September, but most tree-ring growth happens from mid June to mid July. P. sylvestris starts its tree-ring development before P. uncinata. P. uncinata begins its growth of shoots earlier than its tree-ring growth. Needle fall reaches its maximum in autumn. P. uncinata shows a delayed maximum rate of needle fall, a longer period of fall of most of its needles compared to P. sylvestris. This delay, the greater needle dry weight, and the smaller average radial diameter of P. uncinata tracheids compared with P. sylvestris, show P. uncinata adaptations to environments with more stress.
Regional model for land hunting game potential evaluation
Authors: Hernandez Diaz-Ambrona C. G. , Gonzalez de la Camara D.
Published: May 2024

A model to evaluate land hunting game potential is calculated from ecological factors such as temperatures and precipitations, forest and crop distribution, land height and cover by plants, that are compared with the biological needs of eleven hunting animals. The model application has taken place in Teruel (Spain). The minimum land unit was the hunting closed inside the county. Two data bases were made for actual and potential habitat, and a geographical information system was used. The result shows a high approximation between potential habitat values and the real situation. The differences between both values are a characteristic of the level of land conservation. Only a 6 % of land has an adequate habitat for red deer. This percentage is reduced to 3 % for Ibex, the actual uses of both areas presents higher differences. Red deer and ibex have the highest hunting value, these results limit the game conditions of this area.
Landfill: Comparison of pedogenesis between sites of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh plantation and naturalized herbaceus vegetation
Authors: Lanfranco J. W. , Marlats R. M. , Baridon E.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this work was compared different levels of pedogenetics process between sites with Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantation and naturalized grass. The trial was installed on landfill soil cover in Villa Domínico, Buenos Aires Province, Argentine, CEAMSE, 34°40’S,50’’; 58°18’45’’W; 4m osl. At five age of trees and forteen of the Landfill was realized the following determination: 1- Physical and Chemicals caracterization of own microsite tree and analogical microsite without trees influence. 2- Biomass root system of trees and naturalized herbaceus vegetation; 3- Microrganims qualitative evaluation in trees rhizosphere and 4- Survival trees and its developpmen as too patologycal and physiological damage. The results showing the antropyc evolution soil with ability to support life on differents espression. It was registred the culturals horizon in the cover landfill generated through the time. Exits the advantage about this process in the microsites tree more than the microsites grass.
Presence of Cistus species (Cistaceae) in the soil seed bank of a grassland in the raña of Cabañeros National Park
Authors: Ferrandis P. , Martinez-Sanchez J. J. , Agudo A. , Cano A. L. , Gallar J. J. , Herranz J. M.
Published: May 2024

The presence of Cistus species in the soil seed bank in the pasture of the central raña in Cabañeros National Park, which were present in previous plant stages, was investigated. The study was carried out in two steps: firstly, the complete soil seed bank was analysed, from the pasture edge to 100 m towards the raña centre, and secondly, the soil seed bank of woody Cistaceae species was investigated, from 100 to 300 m inland. A long-term persistent highly viable and dormant seed bank of C. ladanifer and C. salvifolius (738 seeds/m2 at 0-10 cm depth) was detected. This seed stock showed a random spatial distribution in the raña. The consequences for the management of the pasture are disccused.
Canopy structure analysis: Metodological basis and data deliability and coherence evaluation with the application program TDL 2.0
Authors: Bengoa J. L.
Published: May 2024

In this paper, metodological basis for obtaining leaf area index and mean leaf inclination angle are presented. Also an application program (TDL 2.0) for estimating these parameters is presented. It makes use of data obtained from LI-COR LAI-2000 measurements, evaluates data reliability and coherence, and shows partial results on the screen for a visual assessment by the user. At last, differences with the C2000 utility are highlighted.
Abies bornmuelleriana Mattfeld phytoclimatic position in Ulugag massif in Turkey
Authors: García López J. M.
Published: May 2024

The phytoclimatic position of Abies bornmuelleriana M. on the Uludag Mountains (Norwest Turkey) is studied. Four meteorological stations situated at different altitudes have been used to obtain the Walter-Gaussen climodiagrams simulation. The existence of mediterranean ilicic phytoclimatic types up to 200 m., marcescent broad-leaved cold deciduous trees types up to 900 m., deciduous broadleaved trees types up to 1000 m., nemoro-borealoid types up to 1600 m., borealoid types up to 2300 m. and finally articoid types is corroborated.
Genetic variation and use of provenances of Pinus sylvestris in Spain: application of Allué’s. Phytoclimatic models
Authors: Alía R. , Galera R. , Agúndez D. , De Miguel J. , Notivol E. , Martín S.
Published: May 2024

This paper presents the application of the diagnosis and idoneity methods developped by Allué (1990, 1997) to the study of the relatioship between climate and genetic variation and recomendation for the use of forest reproductive material of Scots pine respectively. Growth phenology of Scots pine provenances, from Spain and Germany, have been studied in a provenance tests located in northern Spain, during two years. Siginificant differences have been found in growth rate and total growth. Differences among Spanish provenances are related to the phytoclimate of origin. Origins from close stands, but different phytoclimate, present different performance in terms of growth phenology. The relationship among genetic variation in growth traits and climate, suggest the use of climatic methods for establishing recommendations for the use of forest reproductive material (FRM) of the species. The Idoneity method is of easy applicability and allow us to differentiate among areas for using the different regions of provenance. A map showing the recommendations of each provenance region in the different regions for FRM use and identification defined in Spain is presented.
Natural regeneration, initial settlement and early growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)
Authors: González-Martínez S. C. , Bravo F.
Published: May 2024

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) regeneration is a long and complex process in which genetic, physiological, ecological and silvicultural factors are very important. In this paper, a deep study of the processes chain that starts with the initiation of flowers and ends with seedlings settlement is made. The discussion about intraspecific and interspecific competence, initial density and grazing is specially interesting for forest management. The main fields of research are gene dispersion studies, development of production oriented management diagrams and simulation models of regeneration processes. Theoretical work must be complemented with financial analysis of young stands cleaning regimes.
Stand top heigh estimation from “plot top height”. Advantages versus Assman top height
Authors: Bengoa Martínez de Manjodana J. L.
Published: May 2024

Assman top height is a parameter whose measurement or estimation is tiring in the practice and presents some inconveniences from a stadistical point of view which lessens efectiviness. Considering it’s a dasometric parameter widely used in Spain and with important silvicultural implications, we consider it suitable to look for alternatives which solve the faults of the aforesaid top height. In this paper we propose, as an alternative, the criterion used by the English management tables that not only consider with accuracy the top height concept but is more operative from a practical point of view and easy to handle from an stadistical one. In this management table a stand top height is defined as an average value of a variable number of top height trees. A top height tree is defined as the thickest tree height in a 100 m2 plot. Depending on the heterogeneity and extension of the stand more or less plots will be necessary to estimate its top height with a determined accuracy.
Some forest, timber and paper mill residues in animal feeding
Authors: González González G. , González Doncel I.
Published: May 2024

Young tress, natural residues (foliage, twigs, shoots, blades, bark) and subproducts from the timber industries and paper mills have been sources of feed and feedstuffs to animals, specially when shortages of the comun one arise, The nutrive value of the first varies with species, age and growing conditions and utilization; moreover, in the second ones the type of tecnology applied has to be taken into account. Generally is known that depends on the proportion of natural ligno-cellulosics and antinutitive substances (tannins, polifenols, etc.) and of chemicals added during the different industrial processes. Nevertheless more data on chemical composition and feeding trials are needed in order to ascertain its nutritive value (ingestibility, digestibility and metabolic eficiency) and place in the ration, before and after physical, chemical or biological treatments. Moreover options as composting, incineration or processing to obtain silvochemicals has to be analized not only from the economical point of view but having in mind their effects on the sustainability of the ecosystems.
Key to the identification of conifer woods at the level of species. European and north american regions
Authors: García Esteban L. , Guindeo Casasús A. , De Palacios De Palacios P.
Published: May 2024

This work presents the first step to establish a identification key of world-wide conifer woods at the species level. The identification of 120 coniferous species of North America and Europe have been established. Traditional methods of preparation and microscopic woods description have been followed. The 93 traits used were grouped in six main types: 29 characters of the tracheids, eight characters of the longitudinal parenchyma, 37 characters of wood rays, seven characters of resin ducts, two macroscopic characters, and 10 characters related to the geographical distribution of the species. An open key has been obtained for the identification of the species based on these six groups of traits. This work constitutes one of the research lines of the Wood Techonology Department of the ETSI Montes in Madrid, and can be used by researches and users devoted to the international woods trade of protected species.
Response of Pinus halepensis Mill. y Pinus pinaster Ait. to herbicides in nursery
Authors: Ortega M. , Villarroya M. , Montero G. , García Baudin J. M.
Published: May 2024

The use of herbicides in croplands forestation is needed in order to control weed competition for water, light and nutrients with tree seedlings. As selectivity of our forest species to herbicides and mode of aplication are scarcely known, we have studied the effect of three herbicides, hexazinone, pendimethalin and simazine on emergency and growth of Pinus halepensis and P. pinaster sowed in Forest-Pot during November and February inside a non-climatized greenhouse. Treatments were made in pine preemergency, one week after each sowing. Mean time emergency of two species of pine was minor in February than November sowing, however, thermic integrals (sumatory of temperatures > 5 °C since sowing time until mean time emergency) are not differents. Herbicide treatments did not influence emergency of pines, but later some of then caused mortality in seedlings. Hexazinone at doses of 1.5 kg a.i./ha caused mortalities of 84 % and 71 % in P. halepensis seedlings belonging to November and February sowings, respectively, and in P. pinaster, 93 % in seedlings of both sowings. Hexazinone at doses of 0.75 kg a.i/ha caused mortalities of 31 % and 18 % in P. halepensis seedlings belonging to November and February sowings, respectively, and 49 % and 61 %, in P. pinaster, respectively. Pendimethalin at 2 kg m.a./ha did not cause mortality in pine seedlings and simazine at 3 kg m.a./ha was tolerated for two pine species in February sowings, but in November sowings caused mortalities of 29 % in P. halepensis and 32 % in P. pinaster.