bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Percepción y ansiedad de los estudiantes de Medicina en su rotación clínica en Obstetricia durante la pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Piñel Pérez Carlos Santiago , Gómez-Roso Jareño María José , López Galián Juan José
Published: July 2021

Introducción.La pandemia por COVID-19 supuso la interrupción de las rotaciones clínicas en España y en el resto del mundo. En varias Universidades los estudiantes han vuelto al entorno clínico en el primer cuatrimestre del curso académico 2020/2021. Nuestro trabajo pretende evaluar la percepción y el nivel de ansiedad ante el riesgo de contagio por SARS-CoV-2 de los estudiantes de la asignatura de Obstetricia (Sexto de Medicina) en su rotación clínica en el servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología en nuestro hospital. Métodos. Se diseñó un cuestionario basado en la versión breve de 6 ítems del cuestionario de ansiedad estado-rasgo (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) para evaluar el nivel de ansiedad de los alumnos ante el riesgo de infección en cada uno de los puestos de rotación: consultas, paritorio, urgencias y planta de hospitalización. Resultados. La participación fue del 100% de los alumnos matriculados en la asignatura. El 73,69% de los estudiantes se sintieron bastante o muy seguros durante la rotación y el 89,48% consideraron que su aprendizaje durante las prácticas no se vio reducido por la situación de pandemia. El nivel medio de ansiedad mostrado en cada uno de los puestos de rotación fue bajo. Conclusiones. Las rotaciones clínicas en un entorno de pandemia, con las medidas de seguridad adecuadas y una relación alumno-médico 1:1 son posibles, seguras y necesarias para la correcta formación del estudiante de Medicina.

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic led to clinical rotations disruption in Spain anth the resto of the world. In several colleges, students have returned to the clinical environment in the first semester of 2020/2021 academic year. We aim to evaluate the students´ perception and anxiety caused by the risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2 in their clinical rotation at the Obstetrics and Gynecology department of our Hospital. Methods. A survey was designed based on the 6-item version of de State-Trait Anxiety Inventory to assesss the students´ anxiety level at each place of rotation: delivery room, emergencies, consultations and hospitalization. Results: Participation rate was 100%. 73.69% felt quite or very safe during the rotation and 89.48% thought their learning was not reduced by the pandemic situation. The average level of anxiety shown was very low. Conclusions. Clinical rotations in a pandemic environment, with the appropriate security measures and a 1:1 student-physician ratio are possible, safe and necessary for the correct training of the medical student.
Entre lo que se dice y lo que se calla: visitando el concepto de empatía en la atención integral a la salud del adulto mayor
Authors: Gutiérrez Murillo Roberth Steven , Kühl Svoboda Walfrido , Justina Gamarra Carmen , Ferreira de Souza Érica
Published: July 2021

La atención integral a la salud del adulto mayor es considerada una de las tareas más dinámicas y complejas para los sistemas públicos de salud y de asistencia social. Esta revisión narrativa constituye un ensayo crítico-analítico, de reflexión gerontológica sobre la práctica empática en la producción de actos de salud direccionados a resolver los problemas socio-sanitarios del segmento poblacional envejecido. Con tal visión, se propone una comprensión conceptual y práctica de la empatía, a través de la identificación de sus potencialidades y limitaciones en el contexto de la clínica geriátrica-gerontológica.

Comprehensive health care for older adults is considered one of the most dynamic and complex tasks for public health and social care systems. This narrative review constitutes a critical-analytical essay of gerontological reflection on the empathic practice in the production of health acts aimed at solving the socio-health problems of the aging population segment. With such view, a conceptual and practical understanding of empathy is proposed, through the identification of its potentialities and limitations in the context of the geriatric-gerontological clinic.

A atenção integral à saúde do idoso é uma das tarefas mais dinâmicas e complexas dos sistemas de saúde pública e de assistência social. Esta revisão narrativa constitui um ensaio crítico-analítico, de reflexão gerontológica sobre a prática empática na produção de atos de saúde dirigidos a resolver os problemas sócio-sanitários do segmento populacional envelhecido. Com tal visão, propõe-se uma compreensão conceitual e prática da empatia, através da identificação das suas potencialidades e limitações no contexto da clínica geriátrico-gerontológica.
¿Qué piensan las Pacientes sobre la presencia de los Estudiantes de Medicina?
Authors: Piñel Pérez Carlos Santiago
Published: July 2021

La interacción con el paciente real es indispensable para la formación del estudiante de Medicina, pero para que la experiencia clínica sea completamente inmersiva, es necesario que exista una adecuada relación paciente-estudiante. En esta sencilla experiencia se muestra cuál es la opinión de los alumnos en cuanto a qué piensan las pacientes de Obstetricia y Ginecología sobre su presencia en el entorno clínico, así como la percepción real de las pacientes. En líneas generales, las pacientes entienden la necesidad de formación de los profesionales médicos del futuro y les gusta formar parte de su aprendizaje. Sin embargo, hay una serie de detalles que hay que tener en cuenta para optimizar la relación paciente-estudiante y lograr una experiencia de rendimiento óptimo para el estudiante, pero que sea segura y confortable para los pacientes.

Interaction with the real patient is essential for medical students training, but an adequate patient-student relationship is necessary to obtain an inmersive and complete clinical experience. This article shows the opinion of the students about what the Obstetrics and Gynecology patients think about their presence in the clinical environment, as well as the real perception of the patients. In general, patients understand the need for training of future medical professionals, and they like to be part of their learning. However, there are several details that must be taken into account to optimize the patient-student relationship and achieve an optimal experience for the student, but that is safe and comfortable for the patients.
Condiciones formativas y laborales de los profesionales sanitarios en formación de la Región de Murcia.
Authors: Sánchez Martínez Domingo A. , Madrigal Laguía Pablo , Guardiola Olmos José Angel , Cañadilla-Ferreira Marta , Sánchez Martínez Eduardo , Serrano Porta Santiago
Published: July 2021

En este estudio se pretende analizar, por medio de un estudio descriptivo, un análisis de las condiciones laborales del personal sanitario en formación del Servicio Murciano de Salud tras la implantación de las medidas acordadas entre el Comité de Empresa y el Servicio Murciano de Salud (SMS) durante el mes de noviembre de 2020. Para ello, se han recogido un total de 284 respuestas mediante formulario directo incluyendo de forma equitativa residentes de todos los años, especialidades y Áreas dentro del SMS. Una amplia mayoría del personal en formación es conocedor del acuerdo firmado por el que se mejoran sus condiciones laborales. Destaca entre los resultados que una importante mayoría no cuenta con un lugar de descanso adecuado durante las jornadas complementarias conocidas como guardias a pesar del acuerdo firmado, así como tampoco de descanso compensatorio de 36 horas semanales. Existen mejoras poco significativas en temas de investigación, asistencia a cursos y horas de formación autónoma. Conocer la realidad en la que viven los residentes tras la firma del acuerdo sirve de base para garantizar sus derechos, y que los servicios, responsables de docencia y unidades docentes, velen por su cumplimiento y con ello se eviten situaciones como las evidenciadas durante la crisis en la Formación Sanitaria Especializada en la Región de Murcia que condujo a la convocatoria de una huelga.

The aim of this study is to analyse, by means of a descriptive study, an analysis of the working conditions of healthcare staff in training in the Murcian Health Service after the implementation of the measures agreed between the Works Committee and the Murcian Health Service (SMS) during the month of November 2020. To this end, a total of 284 responses were collected by means of a direct form including residents of all years, specialities and areas within the SMS. A large majority of trainees are aware of the agreement signed to improve their working conditions. Among the results, it is worth noting that a significant majority do not have an adequate place to rest during the complementary working days known as on call, despite the agreement signed, nor do they have 36 hours of compensatory rest per week. There are insignificant improvements in terms of research, attendance at courses and hours of autonomous training. Knowing the reality in which the residents live after the signing of the agreement serves as a basis for guaranteeing their rights, and for the services, those responsible for teaching and teaching units, to ensure compliance and thus avoid situations such as those seen during the crisis in Specialised Healthcare Training in the Region of Murcia which led to the call for a strike.
NIST time and frequency bulletin :
Authors: Rodriguez Kelsey
Published: July 2021

The Time and Frequency Bulletin provides information on performance of time scales and a variety of broadcasts (and related information) to users of the NIST services.
Rendre visible l’invisible : savoirs et prises de conscience de femmes immigrantes au sein d’organisations communautaires
Authors: Chamberland Manon , Le Bossé Yann
Published: July 2021

Plusieurs études traitent des obstacles récurrents rencontrés par certains groupes de population, dont les femmes immigrantes, davantage confrontées à un marché du travail précaire et atypique. Il importe de réfléchir sur les pratiques destinées à soutenir l’intégration sociale et professionnelle de ces femmes, pour leur permettre à la fois d’exercer une influence sur leurs conditions de vie tout en reconnaissant leur expertise expérientielle. Cet article rend compte d’une recherche qualitative et exploratoire portant sur les pratiques au sein de certaines organisations communautaires propices à soutenir le développement du pouvoir d’agir des personnes et des collectivités. Les résultats mettent en évidence les savoirs que les femmes immigrantes qui fréquentent ces organisations développent et redécouvrent, ce qui contribue à l’exercice de changements à différents niveaux.
THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON EMPLOYMENT IN TOURISM IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Authors: Bassey Ekpenyong Orok , Nwaeze Nnamocha Patrick
Published: July 2021

The global tourism market is accompanied by the constant changes in the market share of individual countries, the preferences of tourists and ways to satisfy their needs. In 2017, Europe, for example, dominated the tourism market with 51% of market share. However, the increase in Asia-Pacific participation compared to 2016 is as high as 24%, which indicates that the share of transnational companies in the region is increasing, not only in revenues, but also in tourism investments. Part of the investment is also directed to Bosnia and Herzegovina, which emphasizes inflows from Arab countries. Regardless of the type, investments in tourism are of particular importance to developing countries, because in addition to economic effects, they contribute to technology transfer, management experience and they also strengthen the cooperation between the state and the investor. The subject of this paper is foreign direct investment (FDI) in tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of foreign direct investment on employment in the tourism sector. Using the correlation regression analysis, the impact of foreign direct investments on the number of jobs in the accommodation and food and beverage industries was examined. The paper shows that there is a weak positive impact of FDI on the increase in the number of employees in the accommodation and food and beverage industries.
POSSIBLE DIRECTIONS OF CHANGE OF KEY SEGMENTS OF THE ECONOMIC REGULATORY FRAMEWORK IN SERBIA
Authors: Rikalović Gojko M. , Molnar Dejan S.
Published: July 2021

The paper first analyzes the institutional frame- work of the economy and public finances in Ser- bia, with particular reference to the treatment of the SME sector and entrepreneurs, foreign inves- tors and the digital (IT) infrastructure. A special part of the paper deals with the dynamics of ac- cession to the European Union of some countries that are now members of this integration, as well as with the process of Serbia’s membership, since it is considered that this process is the key de- terminant of the institutional conditions for our country. The third part deals with the treatment of public finances in the Constitutions of the se- lected EU Member States.
MULTI-ATTRIBUTE DECISION-MAKING METHODS– INDIFFERENCE ASSESSMENTS
Authors: Račić Željko , Damjanac Saša , Račić̌ Katarina , Milić Dunja
Published: July 2021

Real situations are based on multiple attributes or crite- ria. If the assessment problem has multiple dimensions of value, then intuitive judgments can be very difficult. In many situations, the ultimate assessment seems very difficult, especially when the decision maker chooses one of a set of possible options in an unfamiliar envi- ronment. This paper analyzes indifference value meas- urement methods. Indifference value measurement methods rely on studies of indifference (indifference assessments) or comparison of strength of preferences. The values that the decision maker gives to the attrib- utes reflect his preferences, ie. utilities. Utility is only a way to describe preferences. The process of determining (functions) values is only one form of sequential deter- mination of utility.
DAYLIGHT PERFORMANCE IN AN AUSTROHUNGARIAN HERITAGE BUILDING
Authors: Antunović Biljana , Malinović Miroslav , Rašović Jelena , Petrović Stefan
Published: July 2021

The aim of this paper is to investigate the daylight performance in an Austro-Hungarian heritage building located in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The building was originally used as a military headquarters and was later reused for administration and educational functions. The measurement of daylight was performed in a representative room-office in the building. The measurement results are discussed with respect to international standards and in relation to the specific architecture of the building. Furthermore, the simulation of the daylight performance was performed by using the Design Builder software.
COMMUNICATION TRAITS OF ARCHITECTURE OF THE NATIONAL THEATRE IN ZENICA
Authors: Milić Aleksić Maja , Malešević Milica , Stupar Diana
Published: July 2021

This paper deals with the communication traits of architecture. This paper mainly aims to analyze and interpret an architectural work upon the theoretical model that is in the function of a methodological procedure, and to point out its communication traits as architectural values. The first part sets the theoretical framework related to the forms and characteristics of architectural communication, while the second part of the paper is conceived as a qualitative study of the communication traits of architecture of the National Theatre in Zenica by Jehiel Finci and Zlatko Ugljen, according to the theoretical setting. The result of the research shall be seen as potential for the application of theoretical, practical and methodological scientific contribution hence theory - based communication in architecture shall be expanded. The same shall be applicable for the critical analyses and understanding of the values of an architectural work, as well as methodological approach in the architectural design.
BRIDGES BUILT ON THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA DURING THE OTTOMAN PERIOD
Authors: Okilj Milijana
Published: July 2021

The history of bridge construction is marked by incredible achievements and new technologies that have enabled bridges to become one of the most important tools for bridging cities and countries. Throughout their long history, bridges have managed to influence our culture and improve the way we travel, do business etc. It was a long way from the first bridges to the grandiose constructions. With the arrival of the Ottomans on the Balkan Peninsula, a new specific bridge construction was formed, based on the influence of the Ottoman bridges, but also on the rich tradition of local builders. Remarkable successes were achieved in the construction in the Ottoman period. A considerable number of stone bridges were built in the territory of the Republic of Srpska during that period, which occupy an important place in the construction of that period.
STABILITY TESTS FOR THE NETWORK OF PERMANENT GNSS STATIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA
Authors: Fržović Tanja , Tucikešić Sanja , Antunović Biljana
Published: July 2021

The network of permanent GNSS stations of the Republic of Srpska is located in a fairly seismic area and belongs to different sides of regional faults. This paper provides an overview of the stability tests for fifteen permanent stations of the SRPOS network using the published precise ephemeris of the International GNSS Service (IGS) and the downloaded RINEX data from the permanent GNSS stations of the SRPOS network. The research was conducted for the data taken during the period from April 2015 to March 2016. The paper presents position vectors for permanent stations ranging from 0.71 mm (permanent station Srbac) to 22 mm (permanent station Nevesinje).
Influence of Collection Frequency on Boar Ejaculate Quality Parameters
Authors: Jotanović Stoja , Sarajlić Milorad , Stojanović Nenad , Savić Đorđe , Stančić Ivan , Vekić Marinko
Published: July 2021

The aim of study was to examine the effect of the boar ejaculate collection frequency on the parameters of its quality. The research covered a three-year period, and four most common boar breeds in our area. A total of 1705 ejaculates were taken from Yorkshire boars, 1693 ejaculates from Landrace boars, 1106 ejaculates from Pietrain boars and 669 ejaculates from Duroc boars. Within each breed, groups were formed according to the frequency of ejaculate taking (once, twice, three, four, five, or six times a month). Evaluation of ejaculate quality was performed in a reprocentre laboratory, according to their quality standards. Quality parameters that have been determined were the volume of ejaculate, sperm concentration, progressive sperm motility, live sperm count, the number of doses per ejaculate and the overall assessment of ejaculate. Results of this study show that the volume and progressive motility increase with the increase of frequency in ejaculate taking, while the sperm concentration drops, except for the Pietrain boars. The best results were observed in ejaculates collected 5-6 times during the month. The highest mean volume of ejaculate was found in the Landrace boars (292.22 ml), in ejaculate taking frequency of five times per month. The highest average progressive sperm motility was 92% in the Yorkshire boars, on collection frequency of six times a month, while the highest concentration of spermatozoa was found in the Duroc boars in collection frequency of one taking per month (447.32 mil/ml). The results of this study indicate that the frequency of ejaculate taking affects the boar semen quality parameters.
Morpho-Agronomic Diversity of Lathyrus sativus L. Genetic Resources from Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Sinkovič Lovro , Pipan Barbara , Antić Marina , Todorović Vida , Rašeta Sonja , Meglič Vladimir
Published: July 2021

Grass pea belongs to the legume family and it is traditionally used as a grain for human consumption while its foliage is used for fodder. In this study morpho-agronomic evaluation and characterisation of different grass pea accessions (Lathyrus sativus L.) from Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH)/Republic of Srpska was performed. A collection of 8 grass pea accessions was cultivated in Slovenia (Jablje) and Bosnia and Herzegovina/Republic of Srpska (Banja Luka) in the open field trials during the growing season of 2019. A number of quantitative and qualitative IPGRI descriptors for Lathyrus spp. concerning the vegetative growth, stem, branch, leaf, inflorescences, pods, and seeds were measured and/or visually estimated. The results of the present study will add value through the enrichment of the Lathyrus spp. collection in both countries, improving the existing data and documentation, as well as creating a certain basis for further studies of the morpho-agronomic traits of the grass pea.
Determining the content of nitrogen and some macroelements in the dry mass of perennial leguminous plants
Authors: Lakić Željko , Žabić Mirjana , Predić Tihomir
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the content of elements N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in the dry mass of perennial fodder legumes, mowed in the optimal growth phase. The experiment with perennial legumes of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), red clover (Trifolium pretense) and bird's-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) was set up as a random block system in four replicates on valley-brown soil and was conducted for two years. The green mass of perennial legumes in the first and second mowing was harvested at the end of budding/ beginning of flowering phase. In the third and fourth regrowth, mowing of the biomass was done after 5 weeks. Immediately after each mowing, representative sample of green biomass was taken from each replicate of each legume tested. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in the dry plant material was determined. The content of nitrogen and potassium in the fodder of alfalfa and red clover was higher in the first year of the study, which was not the case for bird's-foot trefoil. The dry matter of alfalfa on average had the highest content of nitrogen (39.8 g kg-1 DM) and calcium (19.6 g kg-1 DM), bird's-foot trefoil of phosphorus (10.6 g kg-1 DM) and potassium (26.1 g kg-1 DM), and red clover of magnesium (3.7 g kg-1 DM). In the dry mass of bird's-foot trefoil the average content of nitrogen was 39.0 g kg-1 DM, phosphorus 10.6 g kg-1 DM, potassium 26.1 g kg-1 DM, calcium 15.7 g kg-1 DM, and magnesium 3.5 g kg-1 DM.
“Sweet Masters”: The Order of Saint Benedict and the “Good Treatment” of Slaves, Brazil, Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
Authors: Pedrosa Costa Robson
Published: July 2021

Objective/Context: This article aims to discuss the idea of “good treatment” given to slaves, as well as the concept of benevolence and paternalism in rural Brazilian properties, by using data on the Benedictine Congregation of Brazil, as it was the richest and most influential religious order in the country in the nineteenth century. Methodology: The documentation was analyzed based on the concept of “antidiscipline” coined by Michel de Certeau. The sources highlight a complex and efficient control network imposed on the enslaved; nevertheless, it is necessary to assess these documents (produced by the monks themselves) from a different perspective, as the daily life of slaves was marked by appropriations, tactics, bricolages, and other surreptitious forms constructed by the subordinates. This concept helps to rethink the manorial strategies of the Benedictines, which has caught the attention of many writers. Originality: Although historiography has already demonstrated that there was no such thing as “mild” slavery, several authors highlighted the ‘“soft” treatment experienced on Benedictine properties. In this context, this article discusses how and why a religious institution used discourses and practices that aimed to improve the living conditions of slaves on their farms, highlighting the role of paternalism and Christian ideals in building an efficient and long-lasting “model” of slave management, which was described by many as an example of “benevolence” and “good treatment.” Conclusions: Although writers of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries underlined and valued the “good treatment” experienced by Benedictine captives, this study demonstrates that this “sweeter” treatment was part of their slave management strategy, ensuring vegetative growth and the smooth functioning of work, with the expectation of producing obedient, disciplined, and loyal slaves. In a way, they contributed to perpetuating the image of “softer” slavery in Brazilian lands.
El precio de la clemencia: fianzas y presos políticos en la guerra de los Mil Días (Colombia, 1899-1902)
Authors: Alzate García Adrián
Published: July 2021

Objective/Context: This article analyzes the nature and operation of bail releases for political prisoners during the War of the Thousand Days (Colombia, 1899-1902), as well as the uses that both detainees and authorities made of them. Methodology: The study reviews material from the Central Archive of Cauca in Popayán and the Historical Archive of Medellín, in order to carry out a quantitative and qualitative analysis of records of political bails from both cities, accompanied by a review of petitions and administrative resolutions associated with such resources. Originality: The article explores a little-studied political-legal mechanism in the context of Colombian civil wars in the nineteenth century: bails or judicial bonds. Additionally, it contributes to the study of a topic that has only recently attracted the attention of historians: treatment of the political opponent through the administration of clemency. Conclusions: Although they represented a way to obtain state clemency, these bails also provided the government with a mechanism to reinforce the submission of dissenters and to produce politically and militarily harmless opponents. Its operation, in fact, was permanently permeated with simultaneous logics of grace, prevention, and punishment.
Teachers’ Implicit Moral Values in Their Narratives About Teaching Practice
Authors: de Keijzer Helma , Jacobs Gaby , van Swet Jacqueline , Veugelers Wiel
Published: July 2021

This article focuses on the moral values that teachers consider important for their teaching practice. First, we investigated the tensions experienced and questions raised by teacher’s experience of the moral matters that arise in their profession. These moral tensions and questions
arise in three different areas of interactions with pupil(s): (1) pupils’ attitude, (2) class climate and (3) teachers’ professional role.Second, we investigated the moral values that inform the narratives teachers construct to give meaning to their experiences. We conducted
a qualitative content analysis that used three moral orientations—discipline, autonomy, and social commitment—as a theoretical framework. The moral values in the area of pupils’ attitude concerned autonomy, discipline and social commitment. In the area of class climate, the
moral values of discipline and social commitment were explicit in teachers’ narratives. In investigating teachers’ professional role, disciplinary moral values and a broad spectrum of the moral value of social commitment were found. Our findings also show that moral values are
actualized in teaching practice in multiple ways.
Numerical simulation study on band gap characteristics of surface phononic crystal with spherical composite column
Authors: Tan Zi-Hao , Sun Xiao-Wei , Song Ting , Wen Xiao-Dong , Liu Xi-Xuan , Liu Zi-Jiang ,   School of Mathematics and Physics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China,   Department of Physics, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou 730070, China
Published: July 2021

In the study of acoustic characteristics of micro-scale surface phononic crystal, the band gap characteristics below 100 MHz need to be further optimized. In this work, a piezoelectric surface phononic crystal with a composite column composed of nickel balls and epoxy backing is proposed. The finite element method is used to calculate the band gap characteristics and displacement vector field of the model. The influence of column radius on the band structure is studied, and meanwhile, the effect of the multi-layer composite column structure on the band gap is discussed via increasing the number of elements in the composite column, while the reason for the opening of the high-order band gap is analyzed in detail by combining the vibration mode. Furthermore, the temperature adjustability of the band gap is further studied. The results show that the spherical composite column deposition structure can open a wider complete band gap of surface acoustic wave in a lower frequency range than the existing inverse conical surface phononic crystal structure with the same lattice constant (Hsu J C, Lin F S 2018 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 57 07LB01). The restricted cavity mode is easily formed between the hard boundaries with the increase of column radius, which provides a possible way for low-order vibration modes to open high-order band gaps. There exist mode inheritance and energy coupling between adjacent modes, which leads the band gap to flatten and anti-flatten. Moreover, the real-time adjustment of band gap frequency by external temperature field can be realized via introducing the temperature-sensitive material epoxy resin into the structure. The band gap frequency range can be effectively reduced by increasing the number of composite cylinder layers, while the multi-vibrator structure can generate multipole resonance coupling with traveling wave and finally open a complete band gap between high-order frequency bands. This work provides a theoretical reference for analyzing the low-frequency band gap mechanism of micron-scale surface phononic crystal.
Construction strategy and performance simulation of quantum satellite wide area network based on cobweb structure
Authors: Nie Min , Han Kai-Jie , Yang Guang , Zhang Mei-Ling , Sun Ai-Jing , Pei Chang-Xing ,   School of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunication, Xi’an 710121, China,   School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China,   State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xi’an University of Electronic Science and Technology, Xi’an 710071, China
Published: July 2021

Quantum satellite communication is a research hotspot and frontier in the field of communication. It has the advantages of ideal information security and wide coverage, which is of great significance in constructing a global quantum satellite wide area network. However, problems such as network reliability, security and routing relay still need to be improved when transmitting information over long distances. In this paper, the spider web is used as a unique natural communication topology to transform the natural spider web into an artificial spider web topology. The quantum information transmission adopts N-order quantum teleportation routing scheme, and the transmission delay is basically unchanged. On this basis, the spider web topology quantum wide area network transmission model is constructed. The bit error rate, throughput rate and security key generation rate of the network model are simulated and analyzed. Taking 9-node ring network and 9-node cobweb for example, the quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis are both conducted in this paper. The results show that the cobweb topology has higher reliability. When the average power spectral density of the noise is given and there is no relay, the bit error rate increases with the transmission distance increasing, so the introduction of relay should be considered. When the transmission distance and noise power spectral density are constant, the bit error rate decreases with the number of relay nodes increasing, so the appropriate routing process should be selected in the spider web topology. With the increase of the probability of transmitting entangled photon pairs, the throughput rate gradually increases. With the increase of transmission delay in the network, the throughput rate Q gradually decreases. However, the transmission delay is basically unchanged in this routing scheme, and the transmission delay of cobweb structure is very small. Therefore, the throughput rate of the topology quantum WAN of cobweb network based on N-order quantum teleportation proposed in this paper will not significantly decrease. When the transmission distance of quantum information increases, the network key generation rate decreases gradually. With the increase of the number of network relay nodes, the key generation rate increases gradually. Thus, it can be seen that using cobweb topology and N-order quantum teleportation routing scheme to construct a quantum satellite WAN has good advantages.
Nacre morphology and chemical composition in Atlantic winged oyster Pteria colymbus (Röding, 1798)
Authors: Santana Pablo , Aldana Aranda Dalila
Published: July 2021

The microstructure and nanostructure of nacre in Pteria colymbus were studied with high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The tablets were found to be flat and polyhedral with four to eight sides, and lengths ranging from 0.6 to 3.0 µm. They consisted of nanocrystals 41 nm wide, growing in the same direction. X-ray diffraction showed the crystals to be mineral phase aragonite, which was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy identified a band at 1,786.95 cm−1 attributed to carboxylate (carbonyl) groups of the proteins present in the organic matrix as well as bands characteristic of calcium carbonate. X-ray fluorescence showed the nacre to contain 98% calcium carbonate, as well as minor elements (Si, Na, S and Sr) and trace elements (Mg, P, Cu, Al, Fe, Cl, K and Zn).
Assessing the diversity of whiteflies infesting cassava in Brazil
Authors: Xavier Cesar A.D. , Nogueira Angélica Maria , Bello Vinicius Henrique , Watanabe Luís Fernando Maranho , Barbosa Tarsiane Mara Carneiro , Alves Júnior Miguel , Barbosa Leonardo , Beserra-Júnior José E.A. , Boari Alessandra , Calegario Renata , Gorayeb Eduardo Silva , Honorato Júnior Jaime , Koch Gabriel , Lima Gaus Silvestre de Andrade , Lopes Cristian , de Mello Raquel Neves , Pantoja Késsia , Silva Fábio Nascimento , Ramos Sobrinho Roberto , Santana Enilton Nascimento , da Silva José Wilson Pereira , Krause-Sakate Renate , Zerbini Francisco M.
Published: July 2021

Background

The necessity of a competent vector for transmission is a primary ecological factor driving the host range expansion of plant arthropod-borne viruses, with vectors playing an essential role in disease emergence. Cassava begomoviruses severely constrain cassava production in Africa. Curiously, begomoviruses have never been reported in cassava in South America, the center of origin for this crop. It has been hypothesized that the absence of a competent vector in cassava is the reason why begomoviruses have not emerged in South America.

Methods

We performed a country-wide whitefly diversity study in cassava in Brazil. Adults and/or nymphs of whiteflies were collected from sixty-six cassava fields in the main agroecological zones of the country. A total of 1,385 individuals were genotyped based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequences.

Results

A high species richness was observed, with five previously described species and two putative new ones. The prevalent species wereTetraleurodes acaciaeandBemisia tuberculata, representing over 75% of the analyzed individuals. Although we detected, for the first time, the presence ofBemisia tabaciMiddle East-Asia Minor 1 (BtMEAM1) colonizing cassava in Brazil, it was not prevalent. The species composition varied across regions, with fields in the Northeast region showing a higher diversity. These results expand our knowledge of whitefly diversity in cassava and support the hypothesis that begomovirus epidemics have not occurred in cassava in Brazil due to the absence of competent vector populations. However, they indicate an ongoing adaptation process ofBtMEAM1 to cassava, increasing the likelihood of begomovirus emergence in this crop.
Genome-wide identification of candidate aquaporins involved in water accumulation of pomegranate outer seed coat
Authors: Liu Jianjian , Qin Gaihua , Liu Chunyan , Liu Xiuli , Zhou Jie , Li Jiyu , Lu Bingxin , Zhao Jianrong
Published: July 2021

Aquaporins (AQPs) are a class of highly conserved integral membrane proteins that facilitate the uptake and transport of water and other small molecules across cell membranes. However, little is known about AQP genes in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and their potential role in water accumulation of the outer seed coat. We identified 38 PgrAQP genes in the pomegranate genome and divided them into five subfamilies based on a comparative analysis. Purifying selection played a role in the evolution of PgrAQP genes and a whole-genome duplication event in Myrtales may have contributed to the expansion of PgrTIP, PgrSIP, and PgrXIP genes. Transcriptome data analysis revealed that the PgrAQP genes exhibited different tissue-specific expression patterns. Among them, the transcript abundance of PgrPIPs were significantly higher than that of other subfamilies. The mRNA transcription levels of PgrPIP1.3, PgrPIP2.8, and PgrSIP1.2 showed a significant linear relationship with water accumulation in seed coats, indicating that PgrPIP1.3/PgrPIP2.8 located in the plasma membrane and PgrSIP1.2 proteins located on the tonoplast may be involved in water accumulation and contribute to the cell expansion of the outer seed coat, which then develops into juicy edible flesh. Overall, our results provided not only information on the characteristics and evolution of PgrAQPs, but also insights on the genetic improvement of outer seed coats.
Low-Fibre Diet as an Option for Bowel Preparation Prior to Colonoscopy: ARandomised Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Maghsoudi Hossein , Bonahi Seyed Saeid Mohammady , Tehrani Sadra Samavarchi , Maniati Mahmood , Maniati Mohammad Saeed , Taheri Hassan , Savadkouhi Shahryar , Qujeq Durdi
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Bowel preparation for colonoscopy plays an important role in the evaluation of the colon. Many methods for preparing the colon for colonoscopy do not work well. Aim: To use a low-fibre diet as a standard and applicable method for bowel preparation in performing colonoscopy and increasing patients’ adherence to colonoscopy. Materials and Methods: Clinical control trial design was used to compare bowel preparation in people receiving a low-fibre diet with those who did not receive food {Nil Per Os (NPO)} for bowel preparation. The participants included 477 patients who were randomly divided into two groups including 223 patients having a low-fibre diet (for dinner) and 254 patients having nothing for dinner (NPO). Data were recorded including age, sex, weight, height, level of education, bowel preparation score, colonoscopy diagnosis and sedative dose. Both groups were given a solution of 3 L of ethylene glycol and 60 mg of bisacodyl at three occasions: 3 pm and 7 pm the day before colonoscopy and 6 am on the colonoscopy day. Scoring criteria for colonoscopy preparation included excellent (clean and free of any liquids), very good (clean with clear fluid, underlying mucus visible in clear fluid), good (clean with dirty liquid), poor (with particles including stools, but can be assessed at 80% mucus), and very poor (containing stool particles, and mucosal evaluation below 80%, colonoscopy was cancelled in this group). The data were analysed by SPSS version 21.0 using Chi-square and Independent Samples Test. Results: About 82% of patients who consumed a low-fibre diet for bowel preparation the night before colonoscopy had an excellent and very good quality of bowel preparation compared with 74.9% of patients not receiving any diet. The number of patients who cancelled the colonoscopy were more in the group not receiving any diet (4.7% versus 2.6%). The data indicated that the quality of colon preparation decreased by age (p=0.0001), whereas Body Mass Index (BMI) did not differ on colon cleansing. When having dinner, patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) had significantly more secretion of air bubble and foam formation than patients not eating dinner (p=0.002). The results showed that the difference in bowel preparation quality between the two groups was not significant (p=0.169), and increased patient adherence to colonoscopy in the first group. Conclusion: Implementing a proper bowel preparation method is very important in improving the quality of colonoscopy and increasing the patient’s adherence to colonoscopy. Using a low-fibre diet on the day before colonoscopy can help achieve this goal.
Association between Serum Albumin and Hypothyroidism in Preeclampsia: A Case-control Study
Authors: Muraleedharan Nineetha , Beegum M Saboora
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Preeclampsia is a cause of high morbidity and mortality in pregnant women. Serum albumin is found to be low in preeclampsia. Few recent studies have shown a state of hypothyroidism in preeclampsia. Aim: To find the association between the serum albumin and thyroid hormone levels in preeclampsia and seek to find if hypoalbuminemia increases the risk of hypothyroidism. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was done at Department of Biochemistry and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, with 40 preeclampsia cases and 40 normal pregnant controls, in 30-38 week gestation. Serum albumin and thyroid profile-Total T3, Total T4, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), freeT3 (fT3), freeT4 (fT4) were tested. Statistical analysis was done with Student’s t-test, Chi-square, Fischer’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Results: The mean serum albumin was significantly lesser in preeclampsia (3.11±0.39) than in controls (3.7±0.14 g/dL). Thyroid hormones were significantly decreased in preeclampsia. TSH was significantly raised (3.76±1.55 mIU/L) in preeclampsia compared to normal pregnant ladies (2.3±0.94 mIU/L). In cases with hypoalbuminemia, risk for hypothyroidism was 2.85 times compared to those with normal albumin but was not statistically significant. In severe preeclampsia, there was a two times increased risk. There was a negative correlation of TSH and positive correlation for fT4 with serum albumin. However, this was statistically not significant. Conclusion: Hypothyroidism in preeclampsia was not significantly correlated with hypoalbuminemia in this study. Thus hypoalbuminemia did not significantly increase the risk for hypothyroidism in our study. Further studies are needed to determine the risk factors affecting thyroid function in preeclampsia.
Characterisation of CandidaColonisation in Neonates
Authors: Dalal Abhilasha , Babu GR Jagannatha , Anuradha K
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The occurrence of invasive fungal infections has increased significantly worldwide, premature infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) along with other risk factors are at particular risk of these invasive fungal infections which lead to fungal septicaemia in newborns. Candidaemia is the most common form of invasive candidiasis associated with an unacceptably high mortality rates. Candida colonisation in neonates is considered the first step towards developing neonatal sepsis. Aim: To determine the prevalence of Candida colonisation and its characterisation among neonates admitted in NICU. Materials and Methods: The present study was a prospective cross-sectional study with 150 neonates included in the study. Swabs were taken from four different sites of each neonate and inoculated on Chocolate agar and Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) and incubated at 37°C for seven days. Candida species isolated were confirmed by gram stain, germ tube test, growth on Chromogenic (CHROM) agar and cornmeal agar. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 11.0. Results: A total of 32 (21.3%) neonates had Candida colonisation. Twenty two (68.7%) were low birth weight and 24 (75%) were born premature. Perineum was the most common (56%) site of colonisation. Among Candida isolates, Candida tropicalis(63%) was the commonest followed by Candida parapsilosis(25%) and Candida glabrata and Candida albicans (6%). The risk factors identified were low birth weight, premature birth, use of antibiotics. Conclusion: Colonisation of preterm and low birth weight neonates by Candida species is a major risk factor and needs attention to avoid dissemination and life threatening infection.
Phenotypic Variation of Insulin Resistance among Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Patients in Semiurban North Indian Population
Authors: Maitra Chaitali , Gupta Ramesh Chandra , Raj Rishika
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in the women of reproductive age. Studies show that there is an intensive relationship between insulin and gonadal function. As per Rotterdam Criteria, there are four major phenotypes of PCOS with different presentation. Early detection of Insulin Resistance (IR) and consequential prevention of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) associated with PCOS may lead to better prospect for the disease. Aim: To find the pattern of IR in all the phenotypes of PCOS in relation to Waist Hip Ratio (WHR), Body Mass Index (BMI) and Testosterone and thereby, providing data for designing phenotype specific treatment of the disease. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, fasting insulin and fasting glucose were analysed to calculate Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) and Testosterone for total 144 female subjects of reproductive age group (18-40 years). Subjects were classified in to four groups as per Rotterdam Criteria. Complete PCOS (PCO-COM), PCO with Oligo/Anovulation (PCO-O), Anovulation with Hyperandrogenism (O-HA), and PCO with Hyperandrogenism (PCO-HA). Regression analysis was done to find the relation among the study variables. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to analyse the significant variance among the groups. Results: IR was found to be maximum among O-HA phenotype (2.4±0.37) and lowest among PCO-HA phenotypes (1.3±0.22). Regression analysis shows that there exist significant associations between IR and BMI (t=4.96, p=0.001) as well as between IR and WHR (t=2.97, p=0.003). No independent association between testosterone and IR was observed. Conclusion: Significant difference of IR, WHR, and BMI was observed among the four phenotypes of PCOS. Due to increased IR, O-HA and PCO-COM phenotypes are more predisposed to Cardiometabolic consequences of PCOS.