bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An investigation of non-invasive tear break up time and tear meniscus height of keratoconic versus non-keratoconic individuals
Authors: Nicholas Deanne L. , Gillan Wayne D.H.
Published: July 2016

Keratoconus is a debilitating condition where the cornea develops a conical shape rather than the characteristic round shape due to various physiological and structural changes taking place within the layers of the cornea. As a result of the pathogenesis of keratoconus, there are numerous changes that may occur within the tears of these patients. Research has shown changes in the tear metabolome, the presence of degradation products as well as loss of goblet cells into the tears. Could the changes occurring within the tear structure of these patients affect the results of various tear quantity and quality tests? Non-invasive tear break up time (NTBUT) is a diagnostic test used to determine the quality of the tear film and has been used extensively when diagnosing dry eye disease. This test is utilised in order to determine the time taken for the tear film to begin breaking apart, signalling thinning of the tears. Shorter break up times are therefore indicative of instability or changes occurring within the tear film which could be diagnostic of dry eye disease. Tear meniscus height (TMH) measurements have also been utilised in clinical practice, where these measurements provide an indication of the volume of tears contained within the upper and lower menisci. Lower tear volumes have been shown to be present in cases of dry eye disease where either tear production or tear drainage may be affected. Changes in the quality and quantity of the tear film in subjects with dry eye disease have been thoroughly investigated; however, the same cannot be said for subjects with keratoconus. Could the same findings be possible in subjects with keratoconus? Is it possible that the changes occurring within the tears of keratoconic subjects could lead to abnormal NTBUT and TMH measurements when compared to those of control subjects? Could the results of the NTBUT and TMH tests be related to one another? This study compares the NTBUT and TMH measurements of both keratoconic and control subjects by making use of a single type of instrumentation, namely the Oculus Keratograph 4 (OK4). The results of this study reveal that the values obtained for each of the two subject groups are not shown to be statistically significantly different and that there is no significant correlation between the NTBUT and TMH measurements when comparing keratoconic and control subjects.
Challenges faced by small-bus operators in participating in the formal public transport system
Authors: Walters Jackie , Manamela Lesiba
Published: July 2016

Background: Small-bus operators (SBOs) in South Africa operate on the periphery of the economic mainstream of scheduled subsidised commuter transport, and little progress has been made in getting these operators into the more formal subsidised industry. There is also a lack of information about the challenges these operators face in participating in the public transport industry.Objectives of the research: The main objective of the research was to conduct a survey among SBOs to obtain a better understanding of the challenges that they face in participating in the public transport industry.Method: A telephone survey of operators was undertaken to ensure an adequate response to a structured questionnaire. In analysing the data, we made use of Factor Analysis and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to undertake general statistical analysis.Results: The main results of the survey indicate that SBOs face significant financial and operational challenges. There is also a perceived lack of government support for SBOs. Major conclusions are that the Department of Transport (DoT) ought to address issues related to the complex governmental reporting and legal requirements for small business. In addition, government ought to be creating ‘space’ for SBOs in the design of contracts and actively encouraging the formation of consortia’s or partnerships, among the SBOs and/or between SBOs and established bus companies. Government, and especially the DoT, ought to more actively market the governments’ small-business support systems and procedures together with financial aid schemes to assist SBOs in acquiring or replacing buses.
Par v času prehoda v upokojitev - Kvalitativna študija na podlagi utemeljene teorije
Authors: Buchebner-Ferstl Sabine
Published: July 2016

Večina ljudi, ki se danes upokoji, živi v partnerstvu. V študiji sem raziskala, kakšne spremembe doživljajo pari pri pre hodu (enega ali obeh) v upokojitev, kako jih dojemajo in ocenjujejo ter katere strategije in vzorce obvladovanja pri tem uporabljajo. S pomočjo utemeljene teorije, ki sta jo razvila Glaser in Strauss (1967), sem raziskala položaj osmih parov in ene samske osebe, pri čemer sem uporabila problemske intervjuje po Witzlu (1989). Teoretični model pojasnitve, ki sem ga razvila v študiji, temelji na ideji teoretične vloge. Glavna naloga za obvladovanje prehoda v upokojitev je, da se na individualni ravni in ravni para na novo organizira niz vlog.
Poznavanje dejstev in zmotna prepričanja o starejših: Implikacije za izobraževanje in delo s starejšimi
Authors: Zupančič Maja , Colnerič Blanka , Horvat Martina
Published: July 2016

Poznavanje značilnosti psihološkega delovanja starejših je prvi pogoj za razvijanje načinov ohranjanja in izboljšanja njihove kompetentnosti, blagostanja in vključevanja v družbo. V prispevku predstavljamo ugotovitve slovenske raziskave o poznavanju dejstev o staranju in značilnostih starejših oseb pri velikem vzorcu različno starih in različno izobraženih odraslih. Z ravnjo izobrazbe se poznavanje dejstev o starejših povečuje, mladi na prehodu v odraslost in starostniki pa v primerjavi s posamezniki v zgodnji in srednji odraslosti poznajo nekoliko manj teh dejstev. V splošnem je poznavanje psihološkega vidika staranja, značilnosti starejših in njihovih potencialov za učenje, spreminjanje in delo na razmeroma nizki ravni. Večina odraslih pozna dejstva o telesnem stanju, zdravju in nekaterih posebnostih psihološkega delovanja starejših. Precej razširjena pa so zmotna prepričanja, ki odražajo negativne stereotipe o staranju in starejših osebah, zlasti na področju spoznavnega, oziroma širše, psihosocialnega delovanja starejših. Na tej podlagi menimo, da je za formalno in neformalno izobraževanje pomembno ustrezno informiranje odraslih.
Življenjsko svetovanje in izobraževanje odraslih za razvoj kariere in osebnostni razvoj
Authors: Majerhold Katarina
Published: July 2016

Zadnji dve desetletji smo bili priče nezadržni gospodarski rasti, ki je bila plod rasti cen delnic, rasti cen na nepremičninskem trgu in eksponentne proizvodnje ter še večje potrošnje. Vendar pa smo leta 2008 prišli v gospodarsko krizo, ki je podobna tisti iz leta 1929, danes pa nam zaradi dogodkov v Grčiji grozi, da se bo tudi Evropa znašla v podobni krizi kot leta 1930 Nemčija. Menedžerji in finančniki so bili in so še vedno eden največjih akterjev gospodarske rasti (in tudi zloma), zato je danes, v obdobju velike negotovosti in počasnega gospodarskega ter družbenega okrevanja, še posebno pomembno, da si predočimo, kaj so temeljne predpostavke naše družbe in njenega delovanja. Zato v članku poskušamo razumeti temeljne pojme, na katerih gradi sodobna postmoderna in postindustrijska družba (njen gospodarski in izobraževalni sistem), kot kaj je znanje oziroma vednost, resnica, kaj je delo, smisel, dodana vrednost (inovacije) in osebno zadovoljstvo zaposlenega. Pri razumevanju teh pojmov izhajamo predvsem s stališča življenjskega svetovanja ter ga povezujemo z izobraževanjem odraslih za razvoj kariere in osebnostni razvoj.
Neformalno pridobivanje znanja tujega jezika
Authors: Bizjak Katarina
Published: July 2016

Izobraževanje je kompleksna struktura različnih procesov, v katerih se dinamično prepletata tako formalno kot neformalno izobraževanje. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, kakšen vpliv imajo različne oblike neformalnega izobraževanja na uspeh učenja tujega jezika na jezikovnih tečajih. Analiza rezultatov kaže, da so vplivi pomembni in da tečajniki, ki se več neformalno izobražujejo, dosegajo boljše rezultate v primerjavi s tistimi, ki se manj. Raziskava prinaša pomembna dognanja o vplivih neformalnega izobraževanja na uspešnost učenja. Ugotovitve kažejo, da imajo pri učenju tujega jezika različne oblike neformalnega izobraževanje pomemben vpliv na učinkovitost andragoškega cikla, zato ga je treba vanj vključiti v večji meri.
Kdo so izobraževalci, ki usposabljajo učitelje
Authors: Žarkovič Adlešič Brigita
Published: July 2016

Prvi del članka osvetljuje sodobno učenje učiteljev in spremembe v družbi, ki vplivajo na njihovo delo in posledično njihov profesionalni razvoj. Nato predstavi vlogo izobraževalcev pri učenju učiteljev in primere treh različnih profilov, ki pokrivajo to področje. Poudarek je na potrebnem znanju in kompetencah ter profesionalnem razvoju izobraževalcev. Na koncu so nanizana odprta vprašanja in pobude, ki bi različna prizadevanja lahko povezali v skupen okvir.
Usposabljanje svetovalcev v svetovalnih središčih za izobraževanje odraslih
Authors: Vilič Klenovšek Tanja
Published: July 2016

Svetovalna dejavnost v svetovalnih središčih za izobraževanje odraslih je septembra letos vstopila v deseto leto delovanja. Temeljni koncept dejavnosti, zagotavljanje brezplačnega »andragoškega svetovalnega dela« v partnerskem sodelovanju z različnimi organizacijami v okolju v vseh fazah izobraževalnega procesa, od odločanja do zaključka izobraževanja ali učenja, ostaja nespremenjen. Razvija pa se nova vsebina v pristopih svetovalnega dela, novih partnerskih povezavah, novih promocijskih aktivnostih idr., še posebno, da bi povečali dostop do svetovanja in izobraževanja ranljivim skupinam odraslih, skupinam, ki se zaradi različnih oblik oviranosti manj pogosto ali celo nikoli ne vključijo v izobraževanje. Za zagotavljanje celovite in kakovostne svetovalne dejavnosti pa je ključna ustrezna usposobljenost svetovalcev v svetovalnih središčih. Za svetovalce v mreži 14 slovenskih svetovalnih središč temeljno usposabljanje in stalno strokovno spopolnjevanje razvija in izvaja Andragoški center Slovenije v sodelovanju s svojimi strokovnimi sodelavci in zunanjimi domačimi, pa tudi tujimi strokovnjaki. Usposabljanja vključujejo kompleksna in interdisciplinarna znanja ter spretnosti o vseh vidikih izobraževanja in učenja odraslih v sodobni družbi ter o vodenju svetovalnega procesa. Vsako od teh dveh področij zajema številne naloge, ki jih opravljajo svetovalci v svetovalnih središčih, pa tudi na novo razvijajo, kar predstavljamo v prispevku.
Avtomatizirani e-test pri merjenju znanja odraslih
Authors: Rebolj Vanda
Published: July 2016

Avtorica predstavlja avtomatizirani e-test kot produkt tehnološkega napredka in razvoja pedagoške znanosti. S kratkim zgodovinskim pregledom opozarja na zmote, zaradi katerih se te vrste testi v preteklosti niso splošno uveljavili. Poudarja dodano vrednost avtomatiziranih e-testov v primerjavi s klasičnimi. Zaradi zahtevnejše tehnologije in zaradi interpretacije ter uporabe povratnih informacij so sicer primernejši za izobraževanje odraslih. Rešujejo nekatere probleme, ki jih klasični testi ne morejo odpraviti. Odkrivajo balast, ki po nepotrebnem obremenjuje merjenje znanja, opredeljenega po konstruktivističnih teorijah in aktualnih ekonomskih potrebah. Avtorica opominja, da je možno precej balasta odvreči, s tem pa v merjenje znanja odraslih vnesti več dostojanstva in vzpostaviti enakopravnejši odnos med testirancem in testatorjem, ki ima tako najmočnejšo vlogo pri pripravi testa, ne pa v nadzoru testiranca. V ekspertnem, to je v pedagoško in tehnološko visoko razvitem okolju svetovno uveljavljenih šol in računalniških družb, avtomatizirano testiranje uporabljajo že desetletja. Zunaj tega področja je izkušenj manj, pri nas pa so skromne in niso deležne večje pozornosti. Kljub temu smo jih v tem prispevku s previdnostjo pri posploševanju povzeli in predstavili, s tem pa poskušali spodbuditi inovativnost v andragogiki. Nekatere pretekle in sedanje pomanjkljivosti na področju e-testiranja pa lahko pokažejo pravo pot nadaljnjega razvoja.
Analiza brezposelnosti mladih diplomantov z visoko izobrazbo
Authors: Novak Karmen
Published: July 2016

Danes diploma ni več zagotovilo za zaposlitev. Pojavlja se razhajanje med potrebami po kadrih v realnem sektorju in presežkom poklicnih profilov, ki v svoji panogi ne najdejo ustrezne zaposlitve. Brezposelnost med mladimi diplomanti se je v zadnjih desetih letih povečala za 240 odstotkov. Osebe s suficitarnimi poklici imajo na razpolago malo delovnih mest, prav tako se srečujejo z veliko konkurenco in tako teže najdejo zaposlitev. Rifkin daje možno rešitev in pravi, da je potreben nov premislek o naravi dela. Da bi izboljšali sedanje razmere na trgu dela in omogočili mladim lažje vključevanje vanj, je treba razvijati in sprejeti nove oblike dela, ki omogočajo večjo prožnost.
Družinske prakse v poznejših letih kot izziv za učenje in raziskovanje
Authors: Ličen Nives
Published: July 2016

Prispevek prikazuje rezultate kvalitativne raziskave, katere namen je bil proučiti, kako in kaj se partnerja učita ob izkušnji prehoda v starševstvo in kako je s spremembami ob tej izkušnji povezano transformativno učenje. Teorija transformativnega učenja razlaga, kako se odrasli učijo ob spreminjanju pomenov lastnim izkušnjam. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 12 parov. Uporabljena je bila biografska metoda.
Rezultati kažejo, da v partnerskem odnosu na prehodu v starševstvo poteka transformativno učenje na različnih področjih v povezavi s spremembami, ki se zgodijo ob rojstvu prvega otroka. Avtorica izpostavi transformativno učenje v povezavi z odnosi z izvorno družino, oblikovanjem starševske identitete in porazdelitvijo gospodinjskega dela. Rezultati kažejo povezave med čustveno dimenzijo doživljanja in učenjem ter učenjem in oblikovanjem novih pomenov na življenjski prelomnici.
Izzivi za kakovostno izobraževanje v pripravi na porod in starševstvo
Authors: Skubic Metka , Mivšek Polona
Published: July 2016

Prispevek prinaša pregled in analizo obstoječe prakse izobraževanja kot dela priprave na porod na primeru šole za bodoče starše v Sloveniji. Raziskava ugotavlja potrebe po spremembah v organizacijskem in vsebinskem smislu. Avtorici najprej predstavita interdisciplinarne vsebine babištva, porodništva in družinske andragogike ter dejavnike, ki vplivajo na učinkovi- tost izobraževanja za bodoče starše glede na značilnosti različnih modelov izobraževanja. Avtorici ugotavljata, da je v slovenskem prostoru vzpostavljena tradicija izobraževalnih programov za pripravo na porod in da se programi le počasi prilagajajo spremembam, ki jih lahko zasledimo v tujini, kjer se vse bolj uveljavljajo modeli, ki poudarjajo individualiziran pristop ter kontinuiteto v obravnavi od priprave na starševstvo, med nosečnostjo, porodom in v poporodnem obdobju. V letu 2010 je bila v Sloveniji prvič izvedena pilotna študija Zdrave ženske – zdrave družine prihodnosti, projekt, v katerem je bilo izobraževanje za bodoče starše izvedeno na interdisciplinaren način s strokovnjaki različnih strok ter usmerjeno v potrebe žensk in njihovih partnerjev na prehodu v starševstvo. Gre za prvi poskus novega načina izobraževanja in obravnave za bodoče starše v slovenskem prostoru, ki pa ga obstoječi zdravstveni sistem (še) ne podpira. Udeleženci so najvišje ocenili organizacijo in izvedbo programa s poudarkom na načinu podajanja snovi oziroma izbiri metode in oblike izobraževanja. Rezultati kažejo, da si udeleženci projekta pri izobraževanju za bodoče starše želijo več poudarka na vsebinah poporodne obravnave, partnerskega odnosa in nasvetov glede dojenja. Posebej izpostavljeni so bili svetovalno delo ter kontinuiteta in individualna obravnava vsakega para.
Značilnosti vodenja v slovenskih osnovnih šolah
Authors: Dolgan Katarina
Published: July 2016

V današnjem času so ravnatelji slovenskih osnovnih šol razpeti med vlogo pedagoškega vodje in vlogo poslovodje zavo- da. Izpolnjevati morajo tako zahteve, ki jim jih določa ustanovitelj (občina oz. država), ter želje in potrebe zaposlenih, ki jih vodijo. Na uspešnost dela ravnateljev zagotovo vplivajo značilnosti njihovega vodenja, te pa bi morale biti pri- lagojene karakternim značilnostim ravnateljev, zaposlenim, ki jih vodijo, pa tudi trenutni situaciji in okoliščinam šole, v kateri delajo. Dobro poznavanje vseh teh dejavnikov bi ravnateljem in vsem, ki so vključeni v njihovo izobraževanje, omogočilo boljše usposabljanje za vodenje, kar bi posledično pozitivno vplivalo na uspešnost šol.
Vpliv migracij na izobraževanje odraslih na Hrvaškem med Hrvaško osamosvojitveno vojno in v povojnem obdobju
Authors: Klapan Anita , Kušić Siniša , Rogić Danijela
Published: July 2016

Članek obravnava vplive migracij na izobraževanje odraslih v Republiki Hrvaški v povezavi z vseživljenjskim učenjem. V uvodu predstavimo najpogostejše vrste migracij na Hrvaškem v času domovinske vojne. V drugem delu prikažemo tiste migracijske tokove, ki so potekali na Hrvaškem v času domovinske vojne in v povojnem obdobju in posebej vplivali na izobraževanje odraslih v okviru vseživljenjskega učenja. Posebno nas zanimajo spremembe v programih, organiza cijskih oblikah, didaktično metodičnih pristopih in odločitvah pri izobraževanju na novo oblikovanih skupin (ubežnikov in razseljenih oseb). Članek prikazuje izobraževanje odraslih kot pomemben dejavnik pri razvijanju kulture miru, ki je nadvse pomembna za reintegracijo vojnih migrantov. Na koncu opišemo več primerov dobre prakse pri delu z razseljenimi osebami in ubežniki in spodbujanju kulture miru, osrednjega izobraževalnega koncepta zadnjega desetletja 20. stoletja.
Individualno mentorstvo, most med posameznikom in izzivom učeče se družbe
Authors: Hočevar Ciuha Senka
Published: July 2016

Za slikovno predstavitev mentorja pogosto uporabljajo metaforično podobo mostu, kjer je mentor oseba, ki spodbuja drugo osebo, da vzpostavlja refleksijo o svojih izkušnjah, in deluje kot most, prek katerega se mentorirani povzpne k novim oblikam znanja in zmožnosti. Osnovni mentorski model je odnos nekoga, ki je bolj izkušen, z nekom, ki je manj izkušen, z namenom, da manj izkušenemu pomaga, da se kot delujoča oseba integrira v okolje (kulturo), ki je lahko profesionalno, lokalno, umetniško ali kultura, povezana s specifičnimi področji. V pričujočem prispevku obravnavamo v duhu časa pozne moderne in učeče se družbe tiste strategije individualnega mentoriranja, ki sovpadajo z zahtevami hitro spreminjajoče se družbene stvarnosti. Predstavljamo analizo podatkov iz polstrukturiranega anketnega vprašalnika, ki je dal pregled nad množičnostjo in oblikami izvajanja individualnega mentorstva na nacionalni ravni v okviru operacije Razvoj in izvajanje novorazvitih programov za usposabljanje strokovnih delavcev v okviru ministrstva za znanost, izobraževanje, kulturo in šport ter Evropskih socialnih skladov, znotraj nje programa Usposabljanje mentorjev za učenje v dvojicah in (e-)mentorstvo na Slovenski univerzi za tretje življenjsko obdobje. Na podlagi interpretacije podatkov opredeljujemo strategije individualnega mentorstva. V ospredje postavljamo tiste vidike, ki se na prvi pogled lahko zdijo tvegani (primer spodbujanja dihotomij), a prav zato poudarjajo pomen ustvarjalne živosti mentorskega odnosa in ga postavljajo bolj v svet umetnosti kot med obrtne veščine.
Starejši odrasli kot posebno učno občinstvo
Authors: Krajnc Ana
Published: July 2016

Slovenska univerza za tretje življenjsko obdobje je, podobno kot društva, registrirana zunaj rednih univerz, že od vsega začetka neodvisna organizacija. Pristop, ki ga je univerza za tretje življenjsko obdobje tako razvila, temelji na sodelovanju mentorjev in učencev. Ta pristop je zdaj že tradicionalen in je še vedno značilen za naše izobraževanje starejših odraslih. Različne generacije živijo znotraj različnih družbenih omrežij in okoliščin. Izobraževanje starej- šim ljudem pomeni način življenja in kvaliteta izobraževanja odraslih temelji na kvaliteti mentorjev in mentoriranja. Mentoriranje je intimen odnos med mentorjem in učencem. Posebnost mentoriranja na slovenskih univerzah za tretje življenjsko obdobje je plodno medgeneracijsko sodelovanje. Mentoriranje je tako postalo običajen pristop k izobra- ževanju in omogoča pomemben delež neodvisnega individualnega učenja.
Vključenost odraslih v izobraževanje ter materialne spodbude za izobraževanje v Sloveniji in izbranih državah EU
Authors: Čelebič Tanja
Published: July 2016

Država lahko z raznimi spodbudami povečuje vključenost odraslih (vseh odraslih ali izbranih ciljnih skupin) v izobra- ževanje. Spodbujanje vključenosti odraslih v izobraževanje omenjajo tudi domači in mednarodni strateški dokumenti. Prenovljeni strateški okvir na področju izobraževanja in usposabljanja postavlja v ospredje povečanje vključenosti niz- ko izobraženih v izobraževanje. V Sloveniji je vključenost odraslih v izobraževanje na razmeroma visoki stopnji, vendar pa so v vključenosti velike razlike glede na starost in izobrazbo udeležencev. V izbranih državah EU (Finska, Švedska, Združeno kraljestvo, Nizozemska, Avstrija in Belgija) so odraslim na voljo različne oblike materialnih spodbud za izobraževanje (brezplačno izobraževanje, štipendije, denarni dodatki, posojilo za izobraževanje, davčne olajšave, indi- vidualni izobraževalni računi, vavčerji, čeki za izobraževanje). Avstrija, Finska in Belgija imajo tudi podrobno urejen izobraževalni dopust. V Sloveniji bi bilo treba krepiti materialne spodbude odraslim za izobraževanje, nekatere od njih pa preoblikovati. Sprejeti bi bilo treba tudi novo resolucijo o nacionalnem programu izobraževanja odraslih.
Izobraževalni program »UŽU Izzivi podeželja« v luči socialnega kapitala
Authors: Mermolja Eva
Published: July 2016

Avtorica v prispevku preučuje povezave med neformalnim izobraževanjem odraslih in razvojem socialnega kapitala v lokalnem okolju. Ugotavlja, kako izobraževalni program za odrasle UŽU Izzivi podeželja prispeva k ustvarjanju soci- alnega kapitala na podeželju. V ta namen najprej opredeli osnovno terminologijo: definira podeželje, socialni kapital in predstavi izobraževalni program UŽU Izzivi podeželja. Empirični del temelji na kvalitativni analizi. Na primeru neformalnega izobraževalnega programa za odrasle UŽU Izzivi podeželja je bila izvedena primerjalna analiza med skupino oseb, ki niso bile vključene v program UŽU Izzivi po- deželja, in udeleženci programa. Pokazalo se je, da obstajajo nekatere razlike glede posameznih elementov socialnega kapitala. Največje razlike se kažejo v socialnih omrežjih in normah recipročnosti.
Pogledi in izkušnje Erasmusove mobilnosti učnega osebja na Pedagoški fakulteti Univerze v Mariboru
Authors: Lazar Nuša
Published: July 2016

Mobilnost je posledica internacionalizacije. Najbolj znana oblika internacionalizacije je mobilnost študentov. Druga pomembna oblika internacionalizacije pa je vsekakor mobilnost učnega osebja. Mobilnost učnega osebja na globalni ravni omogoča večjo mednarodno vključenost institucij, saj se domači profesorji lahko izobražujejo in sodelujejo v tujini, tuji pa kot gostje predavajo domačim študentom. Erasmusova mobilnost učnega osebja je pomemben del mednarodnega delovanja Pedagoške fakultete Univerze v Mariboru (PEF UM) in njene internacionalizacije. Po mobilnosti učnega osebja se PEF uvršča v sam vrh med fakulte- tami Univerze v Mariboru, kar kaže na pomembnost te oblike mobilnosti in mednarodnega delovanja za samo fakulteto. Na podlagi analize vprašalnikov, ki so jih izpolnili profesorji PEF UM, smo iskali podobnosti in morebitne razlike z izsledki mednarodne raziskave, ki so jo opravili Bracht in drugi raziskovalci (Bracht in drugi, 2006) o Erasmusovi mobilnosti učnega osebja.
Izobraževanje odraslih v evropskem letu državljanov
Authors: Kump Sonja
Published: July 2016

V prispevku prikazujemo, kako smo uporabili model partnerskega sodelovanja pri proučevanju izobraževalnih potreb in razvoju novih izobraževalnih programov v regionalnem okolju. Model smo razvili na Andragoškem centru Slovenije (ACS) v okviru razvojnega projekta z naslovom Razvoj kakovosti izobraževalne ponudbe v izbranih regijah. Osredotočili smo se na tri zaokrožene vsebinske sklope, in sicer ugotavljanje potreb po novih izobraževalnih programih, razvoj novih izobraževalnih programov ter njihovo umeščanje v regionalno okolje. Prikazujemo tudi temeljna metodološka izhodišča, na katerih so zasnovani novi izobraževalni programi, še posebno, kako v postopke kurikularnega načrtovanja umeščamo učnociljni in kompetenčni ter modularni pristop ter akcijsko izobraževanje. Posamezne faze v teh postopkih smo prikazali na treh primerih dobrih praks razvoja novih izobraževalnih programov v treh slovenskih regijah.
Kapital znanja – temelj kreiranja znanja pri podjetnikih
Authors: Vidic Franci
Published: July 2016

V študiji obravnavamo znanje kot ključni konkurenčni vir. Za oblikovanje novega znanja pa je temelj kapital znanja. Nonaka, Toyama in Konno so opredelili štiri dimenzije kapitala znanja. Z analizo smo ugotovili skladnost ugotovljenih kategorij konstrukta kapitala znanja: kapital znanja na podlagi izkušenj, kapital konceptualnega znanja, kapital rutinskega znanja in kapital sistemskega znanja.
The transition to farming in Southeast Europe: perspectives from pottery
Authors: Budja Mihael
Published: July 2016

The transition to farming in the Balkans, Ionia and the Adriatic is discussed as the palimpsest relates to artefact assemblages, subsistence and archaeogenetic data. It is argued that it marks a dispersed and selective route towards farming adaptation in the regions. The incoming neareastern lineages and the difference in values for the Balkans (~20%) and Mediterranean coastal ( ~10%) area are linked to a network of the circulation of goods and people over long distances which was established after the incipient adoption of farming.
Diet and cuisine: farming and its transformations as reflected in pottery
Authors: Sherratt Andrew
Published: July 2016

In the absence of direct evidence from organic residues, the character of pottery assemblages provides valuable indications of changes in diet and cuisine. This paper considers the possibility of major innovations in food-processing in the millennia following the introduction of farming, and relates these to contemporary processes of urbanisation in the Near East.
An assessment of Chemical, Biological, Radiologic, Nuclear, and Explosive preparedness among emergency department healthcare providers in an inner city emergency department
Authors: Kotora, DO, MPH Joseph G.
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Emergency healthcare providers are required to care for victims of Chemical, Biological, Radiologic, Nuclear, and Explosive (CBRNE) agents. However, US emergency departments are often ill prepared to manage CBRNE casualties. Most providers lack adequate knowledge or experience in the areas of patient decontamination, hospital-specific disaster protocols, interagency familiarization, and available supply of necessary medical equipment and medications. This study evaluated the CBRNE preparedness of physicians, nurses, and midlevel providers in an urban tertiary care emergency department.Methods: This retrospective observational survey study used a previously constructed questionnaire instrument. A total of 205 e-mail invitations were sent to 191 eligible providers through an online survey distribution tool (Survey Monkey®). Respondents were enrolled from February 1, 2014 to March 15, 2014. Simple frequencies of correct answers were used to determine the level of preparedness of each group. Cronbach’s coefficient α was used to validate the precision of the study instrument. Finally, validity coefficients and analysis of variance ANOVA were used to determine the strength of correlation between demographic variables, as well as the variation betweenindividual responses. Results: Fifty-nine providers responded to the questionnaire (31.14 percent response rate). The overall frequency of correct answers was 66.26 percent, indicating a relatively poor level of CBRNE preparedness. The study instrument lacked precision and reliability (coefficient α 0.4050). Significant correlations were found between the frequency of correct answers and the respondents’ gender, practice experience, and previous experience with a CBRNE incident. Significant variance exists between how providers believe casualties should be decontaminated, which drugs should be administered, and the interpretation of facility-specific protocols.Conclusions: Emergency care providers are inadequately prepared to manage CBRNE incidents. Furthermore, a valid and precise instrument capable of measuring preparedness needs to be developed. Standardized educational curriculums that consider healthcare providers’ genders, occupations, and experience levels may assist in closing the knowledge gaps between providers and reinforce emergency departments’ CBRNE preparedness.
The pharmacokinetics of intraosseous atropine in hypovolemic swine
Authors: Yost, CRNA, MSN Jonathan , Baldwin, CRNA, MSN Phillip , Bellenger, CRNA, MSN Sarah , Bradshaw, CRNA, MSN Freida , Causapin, CRNA, MSN Edna , Demotica, CRNA, MSN Richelle , Livingston, CRNA, MSN Michael , Lee, CRNA, MSN Cynthia , Gegel, CRNA, DNAP Brian , Burgert, CRNA, DNAP James , Claessens, DO Adam , Johnson, PhD Don , Loughren, CRNA, PhD Michael
Published: July 2016

Objective: Compare the pharmacokinetics of atropine administered via the intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and intraosseous (IO) routes in a normovolemic and hypovolemic swine model.Design: Prospective, between subjects, experimental study.Setting: Vivarium.Subjects: Yorkshire-cross swine (N = 36).Intervention: Atropine was administered via IV, IM, or IO routes to normovolemic and hypovolemic swine. Blood samples were drawn at regular intervals after atropine administration and analyzed for plasma atropine concentration. Pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained from modeling the plasma concentrations.Main outcome measurements: Pharmacokinetic parameters, maximum concentration (Cmax) and time to maximum concentration (Tmax). Results: The IV and IO groups in both the normovolemic and hypovolemic models reached peak plasma concentration immediately and had a very rapid distribution phase with no apparent absorption phase for the IO groups. Peak plasma concentration and time to reach peak concentration were both significantly lower for the IM groups. There was a significant increase in absorption time with IM administration in the hypovolemic model compared to the normovolemic model. Conclusion: The IO route is an effective method of administering atropine and is comparable to the IV route even under conditions of significant hemorrhage. Therapeutic levels of atropine may be delayed and possibly difficult to obtain via IM injection in the presence of hypovolemic shock.
Rodent-borne infectious disease outbreaks after flooding disasters: Epidemiology, management, and prevention
Authors: Diaz, MD, DrPH James H.
Published: July 2016

Objective: To alert clinicians to the climatic conditions that can precipitate outbreaks of the rodent-borne infectious diseases most often associated with flooding disasters, leptospirosis (LS), and the Hantavirus-caused diseases, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS); to describe the epidemiology and presenting clinical manifestations and outcomes of these rodent-borne infectious diseases; and to recommend both prophylactic therapies and effective control and prevention strategies for rodent-borne infectious diseases.Design: Internet search engines, including Google®, Google Scholar®, Pub Med, Medline, and Ovid, were queried with the key words as search terms to examine the latest scientific articles on rodent-borne infectious disease outbreaks in the United States and worldwide to describe the epidemiology and presenting clinical manifestations and outcomes of LS and Hantavirus outbreaks.Setting: Not applicable.Participants: Not applicable.Interventions: Not applicable.Main outcome measure: Rodent-borne infectious disease outbreaks following heavy rainfall and flooding disasters.Results: Heavy rainfall encourages excessive wild grass seed production that supports increased outdoor rodent population densities; and flooding forces rodents from their burrows near water sources into the built environment and closer to humans. Conclusions: Healthcare providers should maintain high levels of suspicion for LS in patients developing febrile illnesses after contaminated freshwater exposures following heavy rainfall, flooding, and evenfreshwater recreational events; and for Hantavirus-caused infectious diseases in patients with hemorrhagic fevers that progress rapidly to respiratory or renal failure following rodent exposures.
Evaluation of emergency drug releases from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Quarantine Stations
Authors: Roohi, RN, MPH Shahrokh , Grinnell, BS Margaret , Sandoval, MPH Michelle , Cohen, MD Nicole J. , Crocker, BSN, RN Kimberly , Allen, RPh, MPH Christopher , Dougherty, PharmD, RPh Cindy , Jolly, PharmD, RPh Julian , Pesik, MD Nicki
Published: July 2016

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Quarantine Stations distribute select lifesaving drug products that are not commercially available or are in limited supply in the United States for emergency treatment of certain health conditions. Following a retrospective analysis of shipment records, the authors estimated an average of 6.66 hours saved per shipment when drug products were distributed from quarantine stations compared to a hypothetical centralized site from CDC headquarters in Atlanta, GA. This evaluation supports the continued use of a decentralized model which leverages CDC’s regional presence and maximizes efficiency in the distribution of lifesaving drugs.
Influence of seed aerosol surface area and oxidation rate on vapor wall
deposition and SOA mass yields: a case study with α-pinene
ozonolysis
Authors: Nah Theodora , McVay Renee C. , Zhang Xuan , Boyd Christopher M. , Seinfeld John H. , Ng Nga L.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Laboratory chambers, invaluable in atmospheric chemistry and aerosol formation studies, are subject to particle and vapor wall deposition, processes that need to be accounted for in order to accurately determine secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass yields. Although particle wall deposition is reasonably well understood and usually accounted for, vapor wall deposition is less so. The effects of vapor wall deposition on SOA mass yields in chamber experiments can be constrained experimentally by increasing the seed aerosol surface area to promote the preferential condensation of SOA-forming vapors onto seed aerosol. Here, we study the influence of seed aerosol surface area and oxidation rate on SOA formation in α-pinene ozonolysis. The observations are analyzed using a coupled vapor–particle dynamics model to interpret the roles of gas–particle partitioning (quasi-equilibrium vs. kinetically limited SOA growth) and α-pinene oxidation rate in influencing vapor wall deposition. We find that the SOA growth rate and mass yields are independent of seed surface area within the range of seed surface area concentrations used in this study. This behavior arises when the condensation of SOA-forming vapors is dominated by quasi-equilibrium growth. Faster α-pinene oxidation rates and higher SOA mass yields are observed at increasing O3 concentrations for the same initial α-pinene concentration. When the α-pinene oxidation rate increases relative to vapor wall deposition, rapidly produced SOA-forming oxidation products condense more readily onto seed aerosol particles, resulting in higher SOA mass yields. Our results indicate that the extent to which vapor wall deposition affects SOA mass yields depends on the particular volatility organic compound system and can be mitigated through the use of excess oxidant concentrations.
Development and evaluation of an ozone deposition scheme for coupling to a terrestrial biosphere model
Authors: Franz Martina , Simpson David , Arneth Almut , Zaehle Sönke
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Ozone is a toxic air pollutant that can damage plant leaves and substantially affect the plant’s gross primary production (GPP) and health. Realistic estimates of the effects of tropospheric anthropogenic ozone on GPP are thus potentially important to assess the strength of the terrestrial biosphere as a carbon sink. To better understand the impact of ozone damage on the terrestrial carbon cycle, we developed a module to estimate ozone uptake and damage of plants for the state of the art global terrestrial biosphere model OCN. Our approach accounts for ozone damage by calculating (a) ozone transport from the free troposphere to leaf level, (b) ozone flux into the leaf, and (c) ozone damage of photosynthesis as a function of the accumulated ozone uptake over the life-time of a leaf. A comparison of modelled canopy conductance, GPP, and latent heat to FLUXNET data across European forest and grassland sites shows a general good performance of OCN. In comparison to literature values, we demonstrate that the new model version produces realistic stomatal flux ratios as well as ozone surface resistances and depo- sition velocities. A sensitivity study reveals that key metrics of the air-to-leaf ozone transport and ozone deposition, in particular the stomatal ozone update are reason- ably robust against uncertainty in the underlying parameterisation of the deposition scheme. Correctly estimating canopy conductance plays a pivotal role in the estimate of cumulative ozone uptake. When applied at the European scale, we find that the added complexity of the ozone uptake simulation substantially affects simulated ozone uptake and accumulation, be- cause aerodynamic resistance and non-stomatal ozone destruction reduce the predicted ozone concentrations outside the leaves. Ozone impacts on GPP and transpiration in a Europe-wide simulation indicate that tropospheric ozone impacts the regional carbon and water cycling less than expected from previous studies.
The Relationship between Transformational Leadership Style and Behavior of Organizational Citizen (Case Study: Ghavamin Bank)
Authors: Haghighi Farahnaz Bayram , Maleki Zahra Valaei
Published: July 2016

The present research was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between transformational leadership style and organizational citizenship behavior in Ghavamin Bank of Markazi province. The research method was practical in terms of objectives and correlational descriptive in terms of data collection method. Moreover, it was quantitative in terms of the collected data. Statistical population of the research consisted of all employees in Ghavamin Bank branches in Markazi province (280 individuals) among whom 162 individuals were selected as a sample size using Morgan table and simple random sampling method. Bass and Avolio standard questionnaire (1996) with 16 questions was used to evaluate transformational leadership and Organ questionnaire (1998) with 20 questions was employed in order to evaluate organizational citizenship behavior. The reliability of the questionnaire was investigated using Cronbach's alpha method which the value was reported to be 0.77 and 0.88 for "transformational leadership" and "organizational citizenship behavior", respectively. In addition, content validity was used to investigate the validity. Hence the questionnaires were approved by the relevant experts. The data obtained from questionnaire was analyzed using SPSS software in two sections of descriptive and inferential (Spearman Correlation and Stepwise Regression). The results indicated that there was a significant relationship between components of transformational leadership style and organizational citizenship behavior. In addition, individual considerations had the highest relationship with organizational citizenship behavior. Therefore, organizations and managers should move step by step in order to make organizational citizenship behavior. This is because the process of organizational citizenship behavior is not a one-day process which could be entered to an organization like new technologies do, but it is a time consuming and permanent procedure.
The Effect of Information Technology in Creative Marketing “Case Study- Jordan Tourism Board”
Authors: Bazazo Ibrahim Kahlil , Alshatnawi Ehab Abdul Raheem , Qaddhat Ranea Mohammad , Alomari Ihab Ahmad
Published: July 2016

This study aims to assess the effect of information technology on the creative marketing at Jordan Tourism Board in order to provide recommendations and suggestions needed to improve the capacity of Jordan Tourism Board to reach a wider tourism markets worldwide, and market Jordanian tourism products in a high effectiveness through using new technological means. To achieve the study objective, a self-administrated questionnaire developed and then distributed to the employees of Jordan Tourism board to know their perspective toward the effect of information technology on the creative marketing.The results revealed that there is a significant relation between sophisticated information technology and the ability to reach tourism markets, as well as a significant relation between developed technological software and creative marketing. They also showed a significant relation between trained and qualified human resources and creative marketing. Finally, this study emphases on the importance of having qualified and trained human resources and advanced technological means and software so as to increase the Jordanian tourism market share and reach new markets.
Proprioception of Knee Joint in Athletes and Non-Athletes Obese
Authors: Moravveji Hajar , Ghanbari Ali , Kamali Fahimeh
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND: Proprioception plays an integral role in the neuromotor control of the knee joint. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of knee joint proprioception deficit and regular exercise activities with obesity.

MATERIAL/METHOD: In this case control study, we had 60 participants, aged 18 to 35 in four groups (15 athletes obese; 15 athletes with normal weight; 15 non-athletes obese; 15 non-athletes with normal weight). The average Body Mass Index for the obese groups was 33.50±(3.10) kg/m2 and for the normal weight groups was 23.77±(2.94) kg/m2. We used a Biodex Multi-Joint System 4 Isokinetic Dynamometer to examine proprioception acuity as the amount of a subject's error when trying to reproduce a test knee extension angle (a measure of the joint position sense). We tested proprioception actively (active reproduction test; AAR) and passively (passive reproduction test; PAR) in the right leg.

RESULTS: The non-athlete obese group had significantly poorer proprioception acuity in the knee extension movement compared to the normal weight groups and also compared to the athlete obese group. For knee active angle reproduction test AAR, a significant difference was found (p=0.011). The results for passive angle reproduction test PAR, revealed no significant differences between the four groups (p=0.596).

CONCLUSIONS: The obese groups showed a deficit in the proprioception function in knee extension movement. Furthermore, the findings suggest that doing regular weight bearing training is associated with better proprioceptive function, even in obese groups. It could manifest that the deleterious effect of obesity on the knee joint proprioception might be stronger than the beneficial influence of exercise training.
Good Instructional Leadership: Principals’ Actions to Increase Composite ACT School Scores
Authors: Xu Bo , Liu Dongfang
Published: July 2016

Due to increased college admission requirements and a 20-year flat-lined trend in ACT scores, it is imperative for education leaders across the nation to implement effective strategies to increase ACT composite scores. High school principals, as instructional leaders and decision makers, are the major stakeholders who are vested in the outcomes of the study. Findings based upon questionnaires can provide a description of the actions that principals report taking to increase composite ACT school scores.
Investigating the Degree of Paying Attention to the Political Indicators of Lifestyle Based on Islamic-Iranian Model of Development in Training Teachers of Elementary Schools
Authors: Shadfar Houriyeh , Nasr Ahmad Reza , Nili Mohammad Reza , Hassemi Vahid G.
Published: July 2016

In the era of development when the needs of a society to its citizens with a political lifestyle based on the development proportional to their native culture seem necessary, updating training and creating changes in citizens’ curricula proportional to political indicators of lifestyle is considered as a necessary issue. The objective of the present study is to determine the degree of compatibility of elementary school teacher training with political indicators of lifestyle based on Islamic-Iranian Model of Development by employing a survey research. To collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. This research was conducted on a sample including teachers of area 2, 6, and 12 (n=176) in the City of Tehran in the academic year 2014-2015. The results of the research indicated that the degree of teachers’ attention to political indicators of lifestyle is higher than the moderate level and cognitive domains have been paid more attention to than emotional and behavioral domains.
The Role of Social Communication Tools in Education from the Saudi Female Students’ Perceptions
Authors: Aljaad Nawal Hamad Mohamad
Published: July 2016

This study aims at identifying the role of social communication tools in education from the Saudi female students’ perspectives that are studying at the college of education in King Saud University-Riyadh. This study used a survey, which was distributed to 500 female students. The results showed that 90% of respondents used social media where 95% said social media improved interaction with other and raised the sense of social responsibility, 56% used all tools of social media. 45% used social media more than 6 hours daily. 61% believed that social networks promoted democratic values and spread political culture.62% of respondents used social media to do homework or academic projects and researches. 99% of respondents believed that social media allowed following new information about their academic specialty and obtained specialized scientific consulting. 79% of respondents believed that one goal of creating accounts in social networks were learning specific science knowledge or a foreign language. 9% of respondents benefited from social media in social educational consulting. 44% of respondents preferred to debate in scientific and educational topics. 84% of respondents agreed that social networks provided the opportunity to form relationships with those interested in a particular scientific subject and exchanged experiences and information with them.
Mobile Marketing in China: Can WeChat Turn Their New Advertising Strategy into a Sustainable Advantage?
Authors: Kontsevaia Diana , Berger Paul
Published: July 2016

WeChat is China’s equivalent of WhatsApp, Facebook, and Paypal all combined into one app. In this paper, we examine mobile marketing in China, and specifically focus on WeChat’s strategy in opening up its platform to advertising. There is profit potential and also risk potential for WeChat in adopting this strategy. We discuss aspects of this strategy along various dimensions, compare WeChat and Facebook where relevant, and stress how and why WeChat needs to be cautious as it goes forward, to avoid various pitfalls that were handled unsuccessfully by Weibo. Core issues that are discussed include differentiation, personalization, customer perception, and the uniqueness of China and the Chinese consumer.