bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developmental sequence of the chondrocranium in the obligate carnivorous larvae of Lepidobatrachus laevis (Amphibia: Ceratophryidae)
Authors: Hernández‐Nieto Sebastián , Ziermann‐Canabarro Janine M. , Lukas Paul
Published: July 2024

The vertebrate head and its skull represent a significant innovation that has played a key role in the evolutionary and ecological success of vertebrates. For a global and integral understanding of the evolution of the head skeleton, it is essential to have reliable information on the development of chondrocranium in a wide range of vertebrate species. Therefore, we studied the cranial chondrogenesis of the larva of the Budgett frog, Lepidobatrachus laevis (Ceratophryidae, Neobatrachia). We studied the development using several methods, including histological preparation of transverse sections of the chondrocranium, morphological analysis of three different states of development (mesenchymal aggregation, differentiation, and chondrification), and three‐dimensional digital reconstructions. As a result, we observed that the Anlage of the chondrocranium at Gosner stage 19 is laterally compressed, that is, it is initially higher than wide. It gradually flattens, enlarges, and differentiates until reaching a very wide and flat shape at Gosner stage 26. Furthermore, we show that the chondrocranial development of L. laevis takes place in a mosaic pattern, which differs to nontetrapod vertebrates in which an anterior to posterior gradient of chondrification is observed. We identified 19 developmental stages in L. laevis according to the chondrification state of its cranial structures. The first element reaching the differentiation‐into‐chondroblast stage is the hypobranchial plate of the branchial basket, and chondrification, that is, final differentiation, occurs simultaneously in several structures of the neurocranium and viscerocranium. We hypothesize that the rapid chondrification of L. laevis' chondrocranium is an adaptation to the semi‐arid climate conditions from its type locality, El Gran Chaco in South America. Due to the only temporary availability of suitable water accumulations this apparent accelerated development would make sense to ensure the tadpoles are froglets by the time the water body disappears. Here, we provide novel information on chondrocranial development in L. laevis. We compare our results to the developmental sequences, previously known from other vertebrate taxa, particularly within the amphibian phylogeny, in an attempt to understand developmental variability and the evolutionary history of the vertebrate head skeleton.
The impact of climate vulnerability on new firm formation
Authors: Anton Sorin Gabriel
Published: July 2024

The aim of the paper is to examine the influence of climate vulnerability (CV) on the formation of new firms. Employing a large sample of 140 countries spanning the time frame 2006–2020, it has been found that climate vulnerability harms new firm formation. The empirical results show that the negative impact of CV on the average new business formation rate has been 3.40. The results prove to be robust for alternative subsamples and methodology. Furthermore, the results of the quantile regression highlight a parameter heterogeneity in the effect of CV on entrepreneurial activity. Overall, the empirical findings highlight the key role of climate vulnerabilities in developing public policies aimed to spur entrepreneurial activity.
Phase 1 dose escalation study of the MDM2 inhibitor milademetan as monotherapy and in combination with azacitidine in patients with myeloid malignancies
Authors: DiNardo Courtney D. , Olin Rebecca , Wang Eunice S. , Skikne Barry , Rosenthal Joseph , Kumar Prasanna , Sumi Hiroyuki , Hizukuri Yoshiyuki , Hong Ying , Patel Parul , Seki Takahiko , Duan Tao , Lesegretain Arnaud , Andreeff Michael
Published: July 2024

Background

Mouse double minute‐2 homolog (MDM2) plays a key role in downregulating p53 activity in hematologic malignancies, and its overexpression is associated with poor outcomes.

Methods

This phase 1 study assessed the safety and efficacy of different dosing regimens of the MDM2 inhibitor milademetan as monotherapy and in combination with azacitidine (AZA) in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia or high‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes.

Results

Seventy‐four patients (monotherapy, n = 57; milademetan‐AZA combination, n = 17) were treated. The maximum tolerated dose of milademetan was 160 mg once daily given for the first 14–21 days of 28‐day cycles as monotherapy and on Days 5–14 in combination with AZA. Dose‐limiting toxicities were gastrointestinal, fatigue, or renal/electrolyte abnormalities. Treatment‐emergent adverse events related to milademetan occurred in 82.5% and 64.7% of participants in the monotherapy and AZA combination arms, respectively. Two participants (4.2%) in the monotherapy arm achieved complete remission (CR), and 1 (2.1%) achieved CR with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi). Two participants (13.3%) achieved CRi in the combination arm. New TP53 mutations, detected only during milademetan monotherapy, were found pre‐existing below standard detection frequency by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction.

Interpretation

Milademetan was relatively well tolerated in this population; however, despite signals of activity, clinical efficacy was minimal.
Impact of monocytic differentiation on acute myeloid leukemia patients treated with venetoclax and hypomethylating agents
Authors: Jin Dian , He Jingsong , Chen Haoguang , Wu Wenjun , Han Xiaoyan , Le Jing , Shu Wenxiu , Yang Qianqian , Pei Shanshan , Cai Zhen , He Donghua
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Although the combination of venetoclax (VEN) and hypomethylating agents (HMAs) results in impressive efficacy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), there is still a subset of patients who are refractory. We investigated the outcomes of AML patients with monocytic differentiation who were treated with frontline VEN/HMA.

Methods

A total of 155 patients with newly diagnosed AML treated with frontline VEN/HMA were enrolled in the study. Monocyte‐like AML was identified by flow cytometry with typical expression of monocytic markers, and M5 was identified according to French, American, and British category. We compared the outcomes of patients with different characteristics.

Results

The rate of complete remission (CR) and CR with incomplete recovery of blood counts (CRi), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) in monocyte‐like AML were inferior to those in nonmonocyte‐like AML (CR/CRi rates, 26.7% vs. 80.0%, p < 0.001; median PFS, 2.1 vs. 8.8 months, p < 0.001; median OS, 9.2 vs. 19 months, p = 0.013). CR/CRi rate in M5 was lower than that in non‐M5 (60.7% vs. 75.5%, p = 0.049). Multivariate analyses showed that monocyte‐like AML was associated with lower odds of CR/CRi and higher risk of progression.

Conclusion

Our study suggested that newly diagnosed AML with a monocytic immunophenotype had a poor prognosis with VEN/HMA treatment.
New insights into the role of tetraspanin 6, 7, and 8 in physiology and pathology
Authors: Mrozowska Monika , Górnicki Tomasz , Olbromski Mateusz , Partyńska Aleksandra Izabela , Dzięgiel Piotr , Rusak Agnieszka
Published: July 2024

Background

The tetraspanin (TSPAN) family comprises 33 membrane receptors involved in various physiological processes in humans. Tetrasapanins are surface proteins expressed in cells of various organisms. They are localised to the cell membrane by four transmembrane domains (TM4SF). These domains bind several cell surface receptors and signalling proteins to tetraspanin‐enriched lipid microdomains (TERM or TEM). Tetraspanins play a critical role in anchoring many proteins. They also act as a scaffold for cell signalling proteins.

Aim

To summarise how tetraspanins 6, 7 and 8 contribute to the carcinogenesis process in different types of cancer.

Methods

To provide a comprehensive review of the role of tetraspanins 6, 7 and 8 in cancer biology, we conducted a thorough search in PubMed, Embase and performed manual search of reference list to collect and extract data.

Discussion

The assembly of tetraspanins covers an area of approximately 100–400 nm. Tetraspanins are involved in various biological processes such as membrane fusion, aggregation, proliferation, adhesion, cell migration and differentiation. They can also regulate integrins, cell surface receptors and signalling molecules. Tetraspanins form direct bonds with proteins and other members of the tetraspanin family, forming a hierarchical network of interactions and are thought to be involved in cell and membrane compartmentalisation. Tetraspanins have been implicated in cancer progression and have been shown to have multiple binding partners and to promote cancer progression and metastasis. Clinical studies have documented a correlation between the level of tetraspanin expression and the prediction of cancer progression, including breast and lung cancer.

Conclusions

Tetraspanins are understudied in almost all cell types and their functions are not clearly defined. Fortunately, it has been possible to identify the basic mechanisms underlying the biological role of these proteins. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to describe the roles of tetraspanins 6, 7 and 8.
Did court dismiss student's negligence claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: July 2024

A student‐athlete matriculated to Pennsylvania State University, accepting a scholarship to play football. Later that year, the student‐athlete transferred to the University of California at Berkley due to being repeatedly hazed and sexually harassed by a teammate. A few months after he transferred, he reported the teammate to Penn State campus police. Specifically, he claimed the accused teammate (1) attempted to grab his genitals, (2) tried to “hump” him in the shower, and (3) threatened to rape him. In addition, he said the accused and other players would overpower him, throw him to the ground, and get on top of him while he was unclothed or wrapped only in a towel.
Vertebral artery injury following combination Jefferson fracture of C1 and Type II odontoid fracture: A case report
Authors: Meng Yichen , Zhang Chenglin , Song Tengfei , Gao Rui , Zhou Xuhui
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical Message

Traumatic posterior atlantoaxial dislocation combined with Jefferson fracture and odontoid process fracture with vertebral artery injury is rare. The management of such injury raises controversial issues and is still open to debate. A 74‐year‐old Chinese male presented with sustained neck pain and stiffness after falling from height. The patient was neurologically intact. Preoperative radiographs demonstrated a Jefferson burst fracture with a posterior dislocation of the atlantoaxial joints and odontoid process Anderson and D'alonzo type II fracture. A computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed an occluded left vertebral artery. Coil embolization in the proximal portion of the occluded vertebral artery was performed to prevent further cerebral infarction due to distal embolization of the thrombus. Then a second stage occipito‐cervical fusion was performed to reconstruct cervical spine stability. A systematic screening of blunt trauma vertebral artery injuries through CTA is required when dealing with upper cervical fracture. For cases with vertebral artery occlusion secondary to cervical spine injury, endovascular treatment preceding cervical spine surgery is a feasible and a safe treatment.
Crowdfunding technology projects: The impact of textual characterization on project success
Authors: Yosipof Abraham , Song Yang , Drori Netanel , Gradovitch Noa , Braune Eric
Published: July 2024

The technology sector is one of the most popular sectors for entrepreneurship. This paper investigates the success factors of fundraising in the technology sector. We argue that text elements of the project's description have a significant effect of the project success. We used text mining to extract and analyze 17,733 crowdfunding projects over an 11‐year period between 2009 and 2019 from the Kickstarter platform. We identified 28 textual elements and examined whether they affect project success as measured by three different operationalizations. Most of the textual elements were found to have a significant effect on the project's success. The findings provide valuable insights and highlight substantial opportunities for crowdfunding in the context of technology.
Evaluating the Effect of Estimating Renal Function With the CKD‐EPI 2021 Equation on the ABCD‐GENE Score for Clopidogrel Response Prediction
Authors: AlSaeed Maryam Jamal , Thomas Cameron D. , Franchi Francesco , Keeley Ellen C. , Duarte Julio D. , Gong Yan , Rossi Joseph S. , Beitelshees Amber L. , Stouffer George A. , Lee Craig R. , Angiolillo Dominick J. , Cavallari Larisa H.
Published: July 2024

The ABCD‐GENE score was developed to predict poor response to clopidogrel and includes Age, Body mass index, Chronic kidney disease (CKD; estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2), Diabetes, and CYP2C19 GENE variants; a score ≥ 10 is predictive of reduced clopidogrel effectiveness after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Estimation of GFR without a race variable via the CKD‐EPI Scr 2021 equation is now recommended. We examined the impact of using the CKD‐EPI Scr 2021 vs. 2009 equation on the ABCD‐GENE score for post‐PCI patients. A total of 4335 adult patients (n = 925 Black) who underwent PCI and CYP2C19 genotyping were included, with GFR estimated for each patient via the CKD‐EPI Scr 2021 and CKD‐EPI 2009 equations. The ABCD‐GENE score, calculated based on each GFR estimation, was compared. With the CKD‐EPI Scr 2021 vs. 2009 equation, median (IQR) eGFR was lower (74 [55–94] vs. 81 [60–103] mL/min/1.73 m2, P < 0.001), and CKD prevalence was higher (31% vs. 25%, P < 0.001) among Black patients, whereas eGFR was higher (85 [65–99] vs. 80 [61–94] mL/min/1.73m2, P < 0.001), and CKD prevalence was lower (20% vs. 24%, P < 0.001) in non‐Black patients. This led to 12 (1%) Black patients being reclassified from low to high risk of poor clopidogrel response and 30 (1%) non‐Black patients being recategorized from high to low risk (P < 0.001 for both comparisons). Removal of the race variable from GFR estimation significantly impacted the prediction of clopidogrel effectiveness via the ABCD‐GENE score.
NH4Y(SO4)2·H2O and NH4YSO4F2: Two New Ammonium‐Rare Earth Metal Sulfates with Enhanced Optical Anisotropy and Deep Ultraviolet Transmission
Authors: Zhang Luyong , Wang Shibin , Wu Zhencheng , Hou Xueling , Yang Zhihua , Zhang Fangfang , Pan Shilie
Published: July 2024

Tetrahedral oxygenated groups with large highest occupied molecular orbital‐lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (H gaps such as [SO4] are beneficial for deep ultraviolet (DUV) transmission but usually make against generating sufficient birefringence due to the small polarizability anisotropy. Thus, it is extremely difficult to obtain DUV transmission and large birefringence simultaneously in the search for DUV birefringent materials in sulfates. Herein, two new ammonium‐rare earth metal sulfates, NH4Y(SO4)2·H2O and NH4YSO4F2, with DUV transmission are presented. Meanwhile, both exhibit greatly elevated birefringence through the involvement of NH4+ units, compared to Y2(SO4)3·8H2O. Their optical properties are further investigated by theoretical calculations, and the effect of the introduction of NH4+ into yttrium sulfate on optimizing the structures and properties is discussed. This work may provide a new perspective for further exploration of DUV birefringent materials in tetrahedral oxygenated group sulfates.
Recent Progress in Aqueous Zinc‐ion Batteries at High Zinc Utilization
Authors: Han Yu , Yan Zichao , Zhang Lei , Zhu Zhiqiang
Published: July 2024

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage systems due to their low cost, high safety, and environmental friendliness. As the critical component, Zn metal with high theoretical capacity (5855 mAh cm−3), low redox potential (−0.76 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode), and low cost has been widely applied in AZIBs. However, the low Zn utilization rate (ZUR) of Zn metal anode caused by the dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, corrosion, and passivation require excess Zn installation in current AZIBs, thus leading to increased unnecessary battery weight and decreased energy density. Herein, approaches to the historical progress toward high ZUR AZIBs through the perspective of electrolyte optimization, anode protection, and substrate construction are comprehensively summarized, and an in‐depth understanding of ZUR is highlighted. Specifically, the main challenges and failure mechanisms of Zn anode are analyzed. Then, the persisting issues and promising solutions in the reaction interface, aqueous electrolyte, and Zn anode are emphasized. Finally, the design of 100 % ZUR AZIBs free of Zn metal is presented in detail. This review aims to provide a better understanding and fundamental guidelines on the high ZUR AZIBs design, which can shed light on research directions for realizing high energy density AZIBs.
Green Synthesis of Alzheimer′s Disease Probes Aftobetin and Analogues Enabled by Flow Technology and Heterogeneous Photocatalysis
Authors: Li Yongjiu , Liu Xin , Liu Qiong , Wang Yuchen , Liu Chenguang , Chen Fener
Published: July 2024

Aftobetin is a non‐invasive diagnosis of Alzheimer′s disease, that can bind with aggregated β‐amyloid peptide in eye′s lenses, used for early diagnosis of Alzheimer′s disease in a rapid and painless mode. The reported synthesis of this probe fell short in the aspects of greenness and economy due to the involvement of toxic Chromium(IV) oxidant, noble palladium catalyst, elevated reaction temperature, the long reaction time as well as the cumbersome workup. Herein, a holistic optimization of the synthetic process was achieved via the employment of flow technology and heterogenous photocatalysis. Firstly, the integration of heterogenous carbon nitrides photocatalysis and circulation flow technology furnished the air oxidation of alcohol and nickel catalyzed C−N coupling at 20 g scale, thus avoiding the use of toxic Chromium and precious palladium species respectively. Flow‐intensified esterification between acyl chloride and alcohol, just taking 30 seconds replaced the Steglich esterification of 6 hours, also avoiding the generation of difficult‐to‐remove dicyclohexylurea. Finally, C−N coupling, esterification and Knoevenagel condensation were telescoped together, thus simplifying the reaction workup. This fully‐flow protocol led to the on‐demand synthesis of eight probes.
A low profile high gain concave conformal ring cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna loaded with split ring resonator for ISM and C band applications
Authors: Mishra Manshree , Rajput Anil , Tiwari Garima , Gupta Pramod Kumar , Mukherjee Biswajeet
Published: July 2024

A low profile, concave conformal ring cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) employing frequency selective surface (FSS) using split ring resonator (SRR) for wideband and high gain applications is presented. The ring CDRA loaded with the monopole is designed to excite the TM01δ mode to increase the antenna's bandwidth. The effect of a curved ground plane (GP) on the radiation performance of CDRA is studied. A 5 × 5 array of the SRR is placed above the conformal GP at a far‐field distance optimized to (2n ± 1) λ/4 from the radiating element to enhance the gain of the proposed structure. The planar CDRA with FSS is compared with the conformal CDRA with FSS and a 4.3 GHz improvement in bandwidth is observed due to the multiple reflection and surface reflection leading to a 3.2 dBi improvement in gain. An impedance bandwidth of 51.8% (5 to 8.5 GHz) with a maximum gain of 8.7 dBi at 7.3 GHz resonant frequency and 99% radiation efficiency at 5.9 GHz is offered by the proposed antenna with FSS. Additionally, the proposed CDRA has a low profile of 0.12 λ0 where λ0 is the lower cut‐off frequency's wavelength. A good agreement is observed between the simulated and measured results.
Feedback timing‐modulated weather prediction reveals relative deficits in both procedural and declarative learning in adults with dyslexia
Authors: Thimmugari Rahulkrishna Gurram , Sacko Cheickna , Earle F. Sayako
Published: July 2024

A topic of recent debate is the hypothesis that deficits associated with developmental disorders of language, such as reading disability, can be explained by a selective weakness in procedural memory. Adults with (n = 29; RD) and without (n = 29; TD) reading disability completed a weather prediction task under immediate and delayed feedback conditions, that rely on the striatal (procedural) and hippocampal (declarative) circuits, respectively. We examined trial‐by‐trial accuracy by feedback condition (immediate vs. delayed) and group (RD vs. TD). In the immediate feedback condition, we found the TD group to have a higher learning rate than the RD group. In the delayed feedback condition, we found the TD group reach a high level of accuracy early, and outperform the RD group for the duration of the task. The TD group also made gains in reaction time under both conditions, while the RD group slowed in their responses. Taken together, it appears that while procedural memory is indeed impaired in adults with reading disability, to a lesser extent, declarative memory is also affected. This lends partial support to the PDH, and more broadly to the position that reading disability is associated with general (non‐linguistic) difficulties in learning.
Snow drifts as a driver of alpine plant productivity as observed from weekly multispectral drone imagery
Authors: Wigmore Oliver , Molotch Noah P.
Published: July 2024

Patterns of alpine plant productivity are extremely variable in space and time. Complex topography drives variations in temperature, wind, and solar radiation. Surface and subsurface flow paths route water between landscape patches. Redistribution of snow creates scour zones and deep drifts, which drives variation in water availability and growing season length. Hence, the distribution of snow likely plays a central role in patterns of alpine plant productivity. Given that these processes operate at sub‐1 m to sub‐10 m spatial scales and are dynamic across daily to weekly time scales, historical studies using manual survey techniques have not afforded a comprehensive assessment of the influence of snow distribution on plant productivity. To address this knowledge gap, we used weekly estimates of normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), snow extent, and peak snow depth, acquired from drone surveys at 25 cm resolution. We derived six snowpack‐related and topographic variables that may influence vegetation productivity and analysed these with respect to the timing and magnitude of peak productivity. Peak NDVI and peak NDVI timing were most highly correlated with maximum snow depth, and snow‐off‐date. We observed up to a ~30% reduction in peak NDVI for areas with deeper and later snow cover, and a ~11‐day delay in the timing of peak NDVI in association with later snow‐off‐date. Our findings leverage a novel approach to quantify the importance of snow distribution in driving alpine vegetation productivity and provide a space for time proxy of potential changes in a warmer, lower snow future.
Identification and structural characterization of a mutant KRAS‐G12V specific TCR restricted by HLA‐A3
Authors: Sim Malcolm J. W. , Hanada Ken‐ichi , Stotz Zachary , Yu Zhiya , Lu Jinghua , Brennan Paul , Quastel Max , Gillespie Geraldine M. , Long Eric O. , Yang James C. , Sun Peter D.
Published: July 2024

Mutations in KRAS are some of the most common across multiple cancer types and are thus attractive targets for therapy. Recent studies demonstrated that mutant KRAS generates immunogenic neoantigens that are targetable by adoptive T‐cell therapy in metastatic diseases. To expand mutant KRAS‐specific immunotherapies, it is critical to identify additional HLA‐I allotypes that can present KRAS neoantigens and their cognate T‐cell receptors (TCR). Here, we identified a murine TCR specific to a KRAS‐G12V neoantigen (7VVVGAVGVGK16) using a vaccination approach with transgenic mice expressing HLA‐A*03:01 (HLA‐A3). This TCR demonstrated exquisite specificity for mutant G12V and not WT KRAS peptides. To investigate the molecular basis for neoantigen recognition by this TCR, we determined its structure in complex with HLA‐A3(G12V). G12V‐TCR CDR3β and CDR1β formed a hydrophobic pocket to interact with p6 Val of the G12V but not the WT KRAS peptide. To improve the tumor sensitivity of this TCR, we designed rational substitutions to improve TCR:HLA‐A3 contacts. Two substitutions exhibited modest improvements in TCR binding avidity to HLA‐A3 (G12V) but did not sufficiently improve T‐cell sensitivity for further clinical development. Our study provides mechanistic insight into how TCRs detect neoantigens and reveals the challenges in targeting KRAS‐G12V mutations.
Spectroscopic and chemometric analysis and oil stability index characterization of thermo‐oxidized edible vegetable oils
Authors: Bazachi Adilson , Astrath Nelson G. C. , Savi Elton L. , Malacarne Luis C. , Baesso Mauro L. , Torquato Alex S. , Rodrigues Angela C. , Lukasievicz Gustavo V. B. , Herculano Leandro S.
Published: July 2024

Edible vegetable oils are sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids, necessary for a balanced diet capable of providing elements that act on the energetic, structural, and hormonal composition of humans. The growing consumption of these foods has encouraged the search for techniques capable of characterizing their compositions and transformations when subjected to industrial processes or during domestic use. We propose to analyze the transformations undergone by edible vegetable oils originating from different plants due to thermal oxidation. For this, dynamic viscosity, oxidative stability index, fatty acid profile, and infrared spectra determined before and after being subjected to thermal oxidation. The results from infrared spectroscopy were improved through Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Among other results, it was possible to establish correlations between the FTIR spectra, dynamic viscosity, and the profile of fatty acids, allowing the prediction of the concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) after thermal oxidation by measuring the spectrum of samples before the thermal oxidation process. Furthermore, it is observed that the dynamic viscosity is strongly altered by thermal oxidation, which is directly related to the decrease in PUFA content. The results obtained can be used to predict quality factors of edible vegetable oils, helping to choose the right type of oil for each industrial or domestic process.

Practical Applications: This research holds significant practical implications, particularly in detecting adulteration and fraud of edible vegetable oils. The developed method uses physicochemical properties and infrared spectroscopy with principal component analysis to characterize oils and to determine the oil stability index.
Shake‐table tests on steel moment‐resisting frames with detachable yielding zones
Authors: Landolfo Raffaele , D'Aniello Mario , Safaei Shayan , Tartaglia Roberto , Di Sarno Luigi , Le Maoult Alain , Rastiello Giuseppe
Published: July 2024

This article presents an experimental campaign based on shake table tests conducted as part of the European research project FUTURE, funded in the framework of the H2020‐INFRAIA SERA program. Three steel moment‐resisting frame structures equipped with replaceable dissipative elements were tested. The experimental mockups were scaled two thirds from a reference building archetype designed per the latest draft of the upcoming version of Eurocode 8. Each mockup has different bolted end‐plate beam‐to‐column joints, namely reduced beam section (RBS), extended stiffened endplate (ESEP), and Haunched types, designed with European seismic prequalification rules. Additionally, detachable column segments at the base were designed with Reduced Column Sections (RCS) to localize the plastic deformation and enforce the intended global dissipation mechanism. The slab was detailed with reduced areas around the columns to minimize the direct composite action at beam‐to‐column joints. The mockups were subjected to incremental near‐field excitations with combined horizontal and vertical components. In this article, the experimental campaign is first described, providing details on the mockup's geometry, design, scaling, ground excitations, and sensor distribution. Then, the observed global and local responses are discussed. The results demonstrate that the global response of the mockups was significantly influenced by the type of beam‐to‐column joints, which exhibited the expected damage. The RCS configuration in the column bases also showed satisfactory behavior without leading to local or global instabilities throughout the performed tests.
Methylmercury Concentrations More Strongly Associated With Trait Variation Than Food Web Position in Plethodontid Salamanders
Authors: Tennant Jeremiah H. , Cosentino Bradley J. , Cleckner Lisa B. , Brubaker Kristen M. , Razavi N. Roxanna
Published: July 2024

Salamanders serve as bioindicators of mercury (Hg) in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats and are an important link in the food web between low-trophic prey and higher-trophic predators. We investigated the drivers of methylmercury (MeHg) exposure in three common plethodontid salamander species in New York State, USA, including comparisons among regions, habitat types (terrestrial and semiaquatic), and color morphs of Plethodon cinereus (striped and unstriped). Nonlethal tail samples were collected from one terrestrial species (P. cinereus) and two semiaquatic species (Eurycea bislineata and Desmognathus spp.) in the Adirondack Mountains (ADK) and the Finger Lakes National Forest (FLNF) regions. Samples were analyzed for MeHg and stable isotopes, including δ15N and δ13C which are proxies of trophic position and diet, respectively. Despite elevated biota Hg concentrations typically found in the ADK, salamander MeHg concentrations did not differ by region in the terrestrial species and one of the semiaquatic species. In addition, diet and trophic level did not explain MeHg exposure in salamanders. Semiaquatic salamanders exhibited higher MeHg concentrations than terrestrial salamanders in the FLNF only. Within species, only snout–vent length predicted MeHg concentrations in E. bislineata with few other variables significant as predictors of MeHg concentrations in path models. Among P. cinereus individuals in the FLNF, the striped morph had greater MeHg concentrations than the unstriped morph, and food web tracers were not different between morphs. Overall, New York State salamander Hg concentrations were elevated compared to other locations where these species are present. The present study establishes baseline Hg data in salamanders for future assessments of changes in Hg bioavailability to forests of New York State. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2045–2057. © 2024 SETAC
Neural‐network‐based regularization methods for inverse problems in imaging
Authors: Habring Andreas , Holler Martin
Published: July 2024

This review provides an introduction to—and overview of—the current state of the art in neural‐network based regularization methods for inverse problems in imaging. It aims to introduce readers with a solid knowledge in applied mathematics and a basic understanding of neural networks to different concepts of applying neural networks for regularizing inverse problems in imaging. Distinguishing features of this review are, among others, an easily accessible introduction to learned generators and learned priors, in particular diffusion models, for inverse problems, and a section focusing explicitly on existing results in function space analysis of neural‐network‐based approaches in this context.
Comparing teaching with tactile guidance with video modeling with self‐evaluative video feedback to train medical skills
Authors: McCafferty Kelcie E. , Wilder David A. , Gravina Nicole , Bible Letitia , Ferguson Rachel
Published: July 2024

Modern medical training consists largely of lecture‐based instruction and in vivo or video modeling of specific skills. Other instructional methods, such as teaching with acoustical guidance (TAGteach), have rarely been evaluated. In this study, we compared teaching with tactile guidance, or tactile TAGteach in which a vibratory stimulus is delivered to indicate a correct response, with video modeling and self‐evaluative video feedback to teach four participants two medical skills: simple interrupted suture and endotracheal intubation. The results showed that both instructional methods improved performance. However, three participants met the mastery criterion in the tactile TAGteach condition first, although this instructional method required more time to train the skills. We discuss the implications of these findings for training skills to medical practitioners.
Ferroptosis: Latest evidence and perspectives on plant‐derived natural active compounds mitigating doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Wang Boyu , Wang Jiameng , Liu Changxing , Li Chengjia , Meng Tianwei , Chen Jia , Liu Qingnan , He Wang , Liu Zhiping , Zhou Yabin
Published: July 2024

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapy drug widely used in clinical settings, acting as a first‐line treatment for various malignant tumors. However, its use is greatly limited by the cardiotoxicity it induces, including doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyopathy (DIC). The mechanisms behind DIC are not fully understood, but its potential biological mechanisms are thought to include oxidative stress, inflammation, energy metabolism disorders, mitochondrial damage, autophagy, apoptosis, and ferroptosis. Recent studies have shown that cardiac injury induced by DOX is closely related to ferroptosis. Due to their high efficacy, availability, and low side effects, natural medicine treatments hold strong clinical potential. Currently, natural medicines have been shown to mitigate DOX‐induced ferroptosis and ease DIC through various functions such as antioxidation, iron ion homeostasis correction, lipid metabolism regulation, and mitochondrial function improvement. Therefore, this review summarizes the mechanisms of ferroptosis in DIC and the regulation by natural plant products, with the expectation of providing a reference for future research and development of inhibitors targeting ferroptosis in DIC.

This review explores the mechanisms of ferroptosis in doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyopathy (DIC) and summarizes how natural plant products can alleviate DIC by inhibiting ferroptosis through reducing oxidative stress, correcting iron ion homeostasis, regulating lipid metabolism, and improving mitochondrial function.
Medications for alcohol‐use disorder and follow‐up after hospitalization for alcohol withdrawal: A multicenter study
Authors: Allaudeen Nazima , Akwe Joyce , Arundel Cherinne , Boggan Joel C. , Caldwell Peter , Cornia Paul B. , Cyr Jessica , Ehlers Erik , Elzweig Joel , Godwin Patrick , Gordon Kirsha S. , Guidry Michelle , Gutierrez Jeydith , Heppe Daniel , Hoegh Matthew , Jagannath Anand , Kaboli Peter , Krug Michael , Laudate James D. , Mitchell Christine , Pescetto Micah , Rodwin Benjamin A. , Ronan Matthew , Rose Richard , Shah Meghna N. , Smeraglio Andrea , Trubitt Meredith , Tuck Matthew , Vargas Jaclyn , Yarbrough Peter , Gunderson Craig G.
Published: July 2024

Background

Alcohol withdrawal is a common reason for admission to acute care hospitals. Prescription of medications for alcohol‐use disorder (AUD) and close outpatient follow‐up are commonly recommended, but few studies report their effects on postdischarge outcomes.

Objectives

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of medications for AUD and follow‐up appointments on readmission and abstinence.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study evaluated veterans admitted for alcohol withdrawal to medical services at 19 Veteran Health Administration hospitals between October 1, 2018 and September 30, 2019. Factors associated with all‐cause 30‐day readmission and 6‐month abstinence were examined using logistic regression.

Results

Of the 594 patients included in this study, 296 (50.7%) were prescribed medications for AUD at discharge and 459 (78.5%) were discharged with follow‐up appointments, including 251 (42.8%) with a substance‐use clinic appointment, 191 (32.9%) with a substance‐use program appointment, and 73 (12.5%) discharged to a residential program. All‐cause 30‐day readmission occurred for 150 patients (25.5%) and 103 (17.8%) remained abstinent at 6 months. Medications for AUD and outpatient discharge appointments were not associated with readmission or abstinence. Discharge to residential treatment program was associated with reduced 30‐day readmission (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.39, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.18–0.82) and improved abstinence (AOR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.33–4.73).

Conclusions

Readmission and return to heavy drinking are common for patients discharged for alcohol withdrawal. Medications for AUD were not associated with improved outcomes. The only intervention at the time of discharge that improved outcomes was discharge to residential treatment program, which was associated with decreased readmission and improved abstinence.
Efficacy and safety of pulsed‐field versus conventional thermal ablation for atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Amin Ahmed Mazen , Nazir Abubakar , Abuelazm Mohamed T. , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Elbenawi Hossam , Aboutaleb Aya , Ellabban Mohamed , Arnaout Moumen , Turkmani Mustafa , Abdelazeem Basel , Volgman Annabelle S.
Published: July 2024

Background

Pulsed‐field ablation (PFA) has emerged as an innovative alternative to radiofrequency (RF) and cryoablation because it selectively targets myocardial tissue. Thus, we aim to estimate the efficacy and safety of PFA versus thermal ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation.

Methods

A systematic review and meta‐analysis were retrieved from PubMed, WOS, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and CENTRAL through September 2023. We used RevMan V. 5.4 to pool dichotomous data using risk ratio (RR) and continuous data using mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). PROSPERO ID: CRD42023480321

Results

We included 17 studies with a total of 2255 patients. PFA was significantly associated with a decreased incidence of AF recurrence (RR: 0.66 with 95% CI [0.51, 0.87], p = .003). However, there was no significant difference between PFA and thermal ablation in arrhythmia recurrence (RR: 0.92 with 95% CI [0.74, 1.46], p = .42). PFA was significantly associated with decreased total procedure time (MD: −15.15 with 95% CI [−20.23, −10.07], p < .00001), decreased heart rate change (MD: −7.39 with 95% CI [−12.16, −2.62], p = .002), decreased phrenic nerve palsy (RR: 0.38 with 95% CI [0.15, 0.98], p = .05), and reduced esophageal lesions (RR: 0.09 with 95% CI [0.01, 0.69], p = .02). On the contrary, PFA was significantly associated with increased pericardial tamponade (RR: 6.14 with 95% CI [1.43, 26.33], p = .01).

Conclusion

PFA was significantly associated with decreased AF recurrence, total procedure time, heart rate change, phrenic nerve palsy, esophageal lesion, and increased incidence of pericardial tamponade compared with thermal ablation.
A psychometric evaluation of the PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 among women experiencing intimate partner violence
Authors: Schick Melissa R. , Sullivan Tami P. , Alfano Alexis R. , Weiss Nicole H.
Published: July 2024

Recent national estimates suggest that 1 in 2 women will experience intimate partner violence (IPV) in their lifetime. Given the high prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among women experiencing IPV, it is necessary to consider whether PTSD assessments function adequately for this population. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the past‐month version of the PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5), one of the most widely used self‐report measures of PTSD symptoms, in a sample of community women experiencing IPV. Participants were 158 women who had experienced IPV in the past 6 months (Mage = 40.14 years, 39.9% White). The PCL‐5 demonstrated good internal consistency, Cronbach's α = .97, and scores were significantly positively correlated with theoretically related constructs (i.e., PTSD symptom count on the SCID‐5, IPV severity, substance use, depression, anxiety, and emotion dysregulation); however, it demonstrated poor 30‐day stability, r = .38, ICC = .55. The ability of the PCL‐5 to discriminate with respect to a PTSD diagnosis was acceptable, AUC = .74. A cutoff score of 21 maximized sensitivity (82.5%) and specificity (55.4%); this is lower than typical cutoffs (i.e., 31–33). Although the PCL‐5 has generally demonstrated adequate psychometric properties, findings suggest that it does not function optimally for women experiencing IPV relative to its functioning for other trauma‐exposed populations. The lower‐than‐typical cutoff suggests that the PCL‐5 may underestimate PTSD prevalence among women experiencing IPV.
Preparation and characterisation of black conversion coating of Cr(NO3)3–CoCl2–NiCl2 of Zn–Ni alloy electroplated on 2024 aluminium alloy surface
Authors: Chen Tingyi , Huang Qiming , Zhu Hongtao , Ma Yaqi
Published: July 2024

To meet the application requirements of electronic connectors, a trivalent chromium process (TCP) conversion coating was prepared on the Zn–Ni alloy plating of 2024 aluminium alloy. The composition of the TCP solution was as follows: 45 g/L Cr(NO3)3, 14 g/L CoCl2, 1.3 g/L NiCl2, 10 g/L citric acid, 10 g/L succinic acid and 1 g/L sodium dodecyl sulphate. The properties of TCP were characterised by a range of techniques, including macroscopic observations, scanning electron microscope, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometer, three‐dimensional (3D) morphometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, polarisation curves and conductivity tests. The TCP prepared in this experiment exhibits a uniform black colour and bright appearance, predominantly composed of Zn, Ni, O, Cr and Co. The TCP enhances the impedance of Zn–Ni alloys, reduces the corrosion current to 1.99 × 10−5 A/cm2 and maintains a flatter surface 3D morphology and less surface roughness following electrochemical testing. It has better corrosion resistance. Following the preparation of the TCP on a suitably sized shell sample, the shell resistance was 1.2 mVDC with good electrical conductivity, which meets the requirements for electrical connector applications.
Improving Parkinson's Disease Care through Systematic Screening for Depression
Authors: Marras Connie , Meyer Zachary , Liu Hongliang , Luo Sheng , Mantri Sneha , Allen Allison , Baybayan Sydney , Beck James C. , Brown Amy E. , Cheung Francis , Dahodwala Nabila , Davis Thomas L. , Engeland Megan , Fearon Conor , Jones Nicole , Mills Kelly , Miyasaki Janis M. , Naito Anna , Neault Marilyn , Nelson Eugene C. , Onyinanya Ebubechukwu , Ropa Carlos , Weintraub Daniel
Published: July 2024

Background

Depression is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) but is underrecognized clinically. Although systematic screening is a recommended strategy to improve depression recognition in primary care practice, it has not been widely used in PD care.

Methods

The 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐15) was implemented at 5 movement disorders clinics to screen PD patients. Sites developed processes suited to their clinical workflow. Qualitative interviews with clinicians and patients provided information on feasibility, acceptability, and perceived utility.

Results

Prior to implementation, depression screening was recorded in 12% using a formal instrument; 64% were screened informally by clinical interview, and no screening was recorded in 24%. Of 1406 patients seen for follow‐up care during the implementation period, 88% were screened, 59% using the GDS‐15 (self‐administered in 51% and interviewer administered in 8%), a nearly 5‐fold increase in formal screening. Lack of clinician or staff time and inability to provide the GDS‐15 to the patient ahead of the visit were the most commonly cited reasons for lack of screening using the GDS‐15; 378 (45%) patients completing the GDS‐15 screened positive for depression, and 137 were enrolled for a 12‐month prospective follow‐up. Mean GDS‐15 scores improved from 8.8 to 7.0 (P < 0.0001) and the 39‐item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire emotional subscore from 42.2 to 36.7 (P = 0.0007).

Conclusions

Depression screening in PD using a formal instrument can be achieved at much higher levels than is currently practiced, but there are barriers to implementing this in clinical practice. An individual site‐specific process is necessary to optimize screening rates.
Existence and multiplicity of weak solutions for a system of fourth‐order elliptic equations with combined nonlocal and indefinite source terms
Authors: Kefi Khaled
Published: July 2024

This manuscript aims to investigate the existence of weak solutions for a system of partial differential equations (PDEs) described by Equation (1.2). The system consists of a set of PDEs with Leray–Lions operators and nonlinear terms. The goal is to establish the existence of at least one nontrivial weak solution and at least three weak solutions for the system. The PDEs are defined on a bounded domain in
, with
, and subject to appropriate boundary conditions. The system involves various parameters, functions, and growth conditions that are carefully defined throughout the paper. The study focuses on understanding the behavior and existence of solutions for this system of PDEs, which has applications in physics, engineering, and other scientific fields.
Enhancing SNR in CEST imaging: A deep learning approach with a denoising convolutional autoencoder
Authors: Kurmi Yashwant , Viswanathan Malvika , Zu Zhongliang
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To develop a SNR enhancement method for CEST imaging using a denoising convolutional autoencoder (DCAE) and compare its performance with state‐of‐the‐art denoising methods.

Method

The DCAE‐CEST model encompasses an encoder and a decoder network. The encoder learns features from the input CEST Z‐spectrum via a series of one‐dimensional convolutions, nonlinearity applications, and pooling. Subsequently, the decoder reconstructs an output denoised Z‐spectrum using a series of up‐sampling and convolution layers. The DCAE‐CEST model underwent multistage training in an environment constrained by Kullback–Leibler divergence, while ensuring data adaptability through context learning using Principal Component Analysis–processed Z‐spectrum as a reference. The model was trained using simulated Z‐spectra, and its performance was evaluated using both simulated data and in vivo data from an animal tumor model. Maps of amide proton transfer (APT) and nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) effects were quantified using the multiple‐pool Lorentzian fit, along with an apparent exchange‐dependent relaxation metric.

Results

In digital phantom experiments, the DCAE‐CEST method exhibited superior performance, surpassing existing denoising techniques, as indicated by the peak SNR and Structural Similarity Index. Additionally, in vivo data further confirm the effectiveness of the DCAE‐CEST in denoising the APT and NOE maps when compared with other methods. Although no significant difference was observed in APT between tumors and normal tissues, there was a significant difference in NOE, consistent with previous findings.

Conclusion

The DCAE‐CEST can learn the most important features of the CEST Z‐spectrum and provide the most effective denoising solution compared with other methods.
Local evidence in sub‐Saharan Africa; the CANCaRe Africa experience—Lessons learned and shared thoughts about the way forward
Authors: Israels Trijn , Mdoka Cecilia , Fufa Diriba , Chagaluka George , Bhakta Nickhill , Mallon Brenda , Molyneux Elizabeth M. , Sung Lillian , Chimalizeni Yamikani , Atwiine Barnabas
Published: July 2024

Collaborative research generating local evidence is key to closing the research and survival gap between sub‐Saharan Africa and high‐income countries. Lessons learned by CANCaRe Africa, the Collaborative African Network for Childhood Cancer Care and Research while pioneering such research are being discussed together with recommendations for the future.