bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thomas Ward, ‘Thomas Webster’ and the 1687 Translation of Henry VIII's Assertio Septem Sacramentorum
Authors: BAGCHI DAVID
Published: October 2023

The most influential English translation of Henry VIII's Assertio septem sacramentorum against Martin Luther, which is still widely available online and through e-publishing, was originally printed in London in 1687. Its translator, known only by the initials ‘T. W.’ that appear on the title page, is commonly identified in library catalogues as one Thomas Webster. Closer investigation reveals this identification to be based on a series of misunderstandings. It is suggested that this Thomas Webster never existed, and that the more likely translator was the Yorkshire-born controversialist, Thomas Ward.
Hepatitis B antibody levels after different doses of hepatitis B vaccination: a retrospective study based on hospitalized children
Authors: Chai Yu , Tang Jihai , Su Yin , Xuan Kun , Xu Lili , Hao Jiayan , Lu Zhijian , Wang BinBing , Chen Xia , Luo Xianwei , He Jiali , Zhu Lijuan
Published: October 2023

Many studies have investigated the positivity rate of hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) after hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) immunization. However, the antibody level, assessed monthly or at more frequent intervals after each of the three doses, particularly within the first year after birth, has not been previously reported. To elucidate the level of antibody formation at various times after vaccination, the current study used the available detection data of HBsAb in hospitalized children to analyze the HBsAb level after immunization combined with their vaccination history. Both the positivity rate and geometric mean concentration (GMC) increased sequentially with immunization doses, reaching their peaks earlier after the third dose than after the first two doses, and the rate of HBsAb positivity was able to reach 100% between 11 and 90 days after completing the three doses of HepB. Within one year after receiving the three doses, the antibody positivity rate and GMC were maintained above 90% and 100 mIU/mL, respectively, and subsequently steadily declined, reaching the lowest value in the 9th and 10th years. The current findings reveal, in more detail, the level of antibody formation at different times following each dose of HepB in hospitalized children, particularly in the age group up to one year after vaccination. For the subjects of this study, we prefer to believe that the proportion of HBsAb non-response should be less than 5% after full immunization with HepB, provided that the appropriate time for blood collection is chosen.
Pathways to depalatalization of the palatal nasal in Quebec and hexagonal French: An EPG study
Authors: Colantoni Laura , Kochetov Alexei , Steele Jeffrey
Published: October 2023

The palatal nasal is one of French’s most variable consonants with attested variants including [ɲ] alongside [nj] and, less frequently, [n] and [ŋ]. Variation is conditioned by both linguistic (position in the word, lexical item, flanking vowels) and speaker variables (in particular, variety). Except for insights provided by the studies reviewed in Recasens (2013), little is known of the articulatory properties of French /ɲ/ including the degree of inter-varietal and -speaker variation or the proportion of coronal and velar depalatalized realizations. We present here an electropalatographic (EPG) study of two European (EF) and two Quebec French (QF) speakers’ /ɲ/ production in both word-medial and -final positions in isolated and contextualized words. Quantitative indices and qualitative investigation of the linguopalatal contact profiles reveal that the EF speakers produced a relatively anterior /ɲ/, differing minimally from /n/ followed by /j/. Whereas one of their QF peers produced uniquely backed velar realizations of /ɲ/, the other speaker had fronted alveolopalatal variants word-medially versus backed velar realizations word-finally, with the latter differing minimally from the /ŋ/ of jogging. These findings are consistent with pathways to depalatalization observed in other Romance varieties and call into question the phonemic status of the palatal nasal in French.
Parental support for free school lunches in Australian primary schools: associated factors and perceived barriers
Authors: Aydin Gozde , Margerison Claire , Worsley Anthony , Booth Alison
Published: October 2023

Objective:

(1) To explore the feasibility of such programmes in Australia, this study examined parents’ views on free school lunch provision. (2) To examine the associations between parents’ demographic and personal characteristics and their support for free universal school lunches.

Design:

An online cross-sectional survey of parents.

Setting:

Australia, April 2021.

Participants:

Seven hundred and eighty-seven parents took the survey. They had a mean age of 40. The respondents were predominantly female (95 %) and had a university degree (72 %).

Results:

Fifty-three percentage of the respondents agreed that all students should have access to healthy and well-balanced, free school lunches. Parents were concerned about healthiness, catering, allergies and cost of school-provided school lunches. Ethnic background, universalism values and education levels were significantly associated with support for free school lunch provision. Non-native English-speaking parents were almost three times more likely to support free universal lunches in primary schools than their native English-speaking counterparts. Parents with higher universalism-concern values were more likely to endorse free lunches in primary school. However, the level of education was negatively associated with parents’ support for free school lunches.

Conclusions:

The survey results highlight the complexity of parental views on free school lunch provision. Parents’ concerns regarding lunches should be considered in developing school lunch programmes that meet the needs and preferences of diverse communities. These findings can be used to guide future primary school lunch provision initiatives.
Nutritional, environmental and economic impacts of ultra-processed food consumption in Australia
Authors: Liyanapathirana Navoda Nirmani , Grech Amanda , Li Mengyu , Malik Arunima , Ribeiro Rosilene , Burykin Timur , Lenzen Manfred , Raubenheimer David
Published: October 2023

Objective:

To quantify the full life cycle impacts of ultra-processed foods (UPF) for key environmental, economic and nutritional indicators to identify trade-offs between UPF contribution to broad-scope sustainability.

Design:

Using 24-h dietary recalls along with an input–output database for the Australian economy, dietary environmental and economic impacts were quantified in this national representative cross-sectional analysis. Food items were classified into non-UPF and UPF using the NOVA system, and dietary energy contribution from non-UPF and UPF fractions in diets was estimated. Thereafter, associations between nutritional, environmental and economic impacts of non-UPF and UPF fractions of diets were examined using a multi-dimensional nutritional geometry representation.

Setting:

National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2011–2012 of Australia.

Participants:

Respondents (n 5344) aged > 18 years with 1 d of 24-h dietary recall data excluding respondents with missing values and outlier data points and under reporters.

Results:

Australian diets rich in UPF were associated with reduced nutritional quality, high greenhouse gas emissions, energy use, and increased employment and income associated with the food supply chains. The environmental and economic impacts associated with the UPF portion of diets become more distinct when the diets are standardised to average protein recommendation.

Conclusion:

Increased consumption of UPF has socio-economic benefits, but this comes with adverse effects on the environment and public health. Consideration of such trade-offs is important in identifying policy and other mechanisms regarding UPF for establishing healthy and sustainable food systems.
Scrutinizing the Expanding Scope of Geographical Indication Protection: A Critical Analysis of the Justifications for the Anti-Evocation Measures
Authors: Song Xinzhe
Published: October 2023

The global trend towards heightened protection for geographical indications (GIs) has been bolstered by the incorporation of anti-evocation provisions in various bilateral and regional trade agreements, primarily led by the European Union (EU). While these anti-evocation measures have raised GI protection to an unprecedented level, they also place limitations on the freedom of expression and competition for other market players. This article conducts a critical analysis of the necessity of those restrictions by evaluating the justifications for implementing anti-evocation protection. Specifically, the analysis centres on the formal justifications put forth by law enforcement authorities and their direct contribution to enforcement errors and inconsistencies. Furthermore, inherent limitations within these justifications are also identified. Clarifying the rationale for anti-evocation protection and establishing a clearly defined scope of protection, substantiated by sound justifications, could effectively mitigate errors and inconsistencies in law enforcement and minimize any undue impact on the public interest. Countries that have adopted or are considering adopting anti-evocation protection, following the EU's lead, should exercise caution to avoid similar pitfalls.
“The Possibility of the Flight Simulator as a Training Aid to Helicopter Pilots”
Authors: Hill Norman , De Guillenchmidt Pierre
Published: October 2023

The CHAIRMAN, in introducing the first of the two lecturers, said that Redifon, Ltd, to whom Mr HILL was Sales Manager, were very active in connection with the use of the flight simulator as a training aid to pilots Mr Hill was very well known to members, being a Founder Member and a Vice-President of the Association For many years he had been Chairman of the Council He was Sales Manager to the Flight Simulator Division of Redifon, Ltd, and he had held a pilot's licence for both fixed and rotary wing aircraft since 1936 He was commissioned in the General Duties branch of the Royal Air Force in 1941, and served with 1448 Flight and 529 Squadron (Meteorological Flight) After the war he was Air Adviser to British Electric Traction, Ltd, from 1947 to 1950, and he had the distinction of holding the Royal Aero Club's certificate No 8 He was well qualified to speak on this important topic
Bristol Type 173 Design, Development and Experiences
Authors: Hafner Raoul
Published: October 2023

The CHAIRMAN said that it was hardly necessary for him to introduce RAOUL HAFNER who was well known in the helicopter world as Igor Sikorsky or Frank Piasecki He had been engaged in this field for many years and had very many successful designs to his credit His work as Chief Helicopter Designer to the Bristol Aeroplane Company had realised its present climax in the successful flights of the Bristol 173, about which he was going to speak tonight

The Chairman announced that Mr HAFNER had prepared his paper as a joint paper between the Association and the American Helicopter Society Mr HAFNER had been invited to present it to the latter Society on the occasion of their Annual Forum m April The lecture would therefore not be published until it had been delivered in America
Helicopter Maintenance
Authors: Willans J H
Published: October 2023

The CHAIRMAN extended a welcome to non-members of the Association and introduced the speaker He said that Mr WILLANS had a long association with aircraft which extended back to 1935 Apart from a period during the war, when he was engaged on engine and propeller overhaul with B O A C, he had been continuously associated with aircraft maintenance in one form or another After the war he joined British European Airways as Chief Inspector, later he played an important part in BEA’s “sealed servicing” experiments, in 1950 he began his association with helicopters and since 1951 he had been engaged full time on helicopter operational and development problems (including maintenance) as Works Manager of the Helicopter Unit Against that background the Chairman felt that Mr Willans’ paper would be of interest and value to everyone
Part II Flight Development
Authors: Curties M C
Published: October 2023

In the first part of this paper the theoretical considerations underlying the design of an automatic control system for helicopters have been discussed This second part describes some flight experiments carried out at R A E , Farnborough In addition to demonstrating the validity of the theory presented, there has emerged from the flying a clear conception of the design features needed in a practical system for every day use by the average helicopter pilot

One of the more interesting aspects of the experimental programme has been in the fact that the results were achieved almost entirely from flight tests At the time when this work was commenced, aerodynamic information of the test aircraft was scanty Thus whilst the theoretical form of the control law was known, the optimum values of the control parameters could only be roughly forecasted and the actual values were obtained in flight
Decca Navigator Installations
Authors: Hinchliffe G
Published: October 2023

The Decca Company has great faith in the future of the helicopter and we firmly believe that co-operation between our Company and the helicopter industry—both the manufacturing and operating sides of the industry is of the utmost importance We welcome therefore, the opportunity to discuss in the most general, non-technical terms, the problems associated with the installation of Decca equipment on helicopters

I shall refer to the equipment under three headings (1) The aerial, (2) The black boxes, (3) The controls and display, and shall consider the problems associated with each section separately

Before proceeding, however, I must point out that there are a vast number of different combinations of Decca Navigator equipment ranging from a simple single chain receiver with flight log display only at a total installed weight of 40 lb to a nine chain receiver with decometers, lane identification and flight log weighing 100 lb
Helicopter Noise Suppression
Authors: Irving H B
Published: October 2023

The Chairman, in opening the meeting, said that after all the comment in the Press in the last few days concerning the noise of helicopters flying over London and in view of the possibility of further comment in the immediate future because of the existence now of a heliport in London, it was opportune that the Association should be having a lecture this evening on “Helicopter Noise Suppression” from one of its members, Mr H B Irving, who was a leading authority on the subject
“Aerodynamic Aspects of the Fairey Rotodyne”
Authors: McKenzie K T
Published: October 2023

The Chairman, in opening the meeting, said that one of the important aspects of aerodynamics was the study of the interaction between two component systems Thus much experimental work was devoted to the investigation of interference effects between, for example, a wing and a body, or one wing and another wing, or a wing with a jet stream issuing from its surface, or the effect of ground proximity

In the rotary wing field, it was necessary to have a knowledge of the aerodynamic interaction between two rotors for the successful design of tandem rotor helicopters With the modern trend for rotorcraft to have fixed wings and become more like aeroplanes, it was necessary now to have an accurate knowledge of the mutual interaction between a wing and a rotor Tonight, this aspect, as well as other aerodynamic aspects of the Fairey Rotodyne, was to be discussed by the lecturer, Mr K T McKenzie
The Development and Future of the Airship
Authors: Evans E E H
Published: October 2023

IN view of the growing interest in the development of Airships as a step towards the improvement of commercial relationship between the Mother country and the various parts of her far flung Empire, there must be some to whom this subject is of interest, and therefore, as one who has had experience, both in the construction and in the actual flying of several types of Airships, I submit the following brief account of the development of the Airship of to-day and also the possibilities that lie before this type of aircraft

The earliest experiments of a serious character in “Lighter than Air” type of aircraft took place about the year 1776, immediately following the discovery of Hydrogen gas by Cavendish, but it was not until 1783 that the first really successful flight was made by a Frenchman, Professor Charles, who remained in the air for three and three-quarter hours and covered a distance of forty miles in a balloon of his own design, the lifting medium of which was Hydrogen
Aerotriangulation
Authors: Krahmer E. R
Published: October 2023

It is well known that by employing aero-photogrammetric methods and instruments one is able to produce maps in considerably shorter time and at much lower cost than is possible when the work is done according to the old terrestrial methods This saving of time and money will, however, vary according to whether a sufficiency of terrestrial bases is already known or not For it is, indeed, a fact that in the hitherto practised aero-photogrammetric methods most of the time was spent in finding at least three fixed points for every plate-pair which were recessary to make an exact setting into the plotting instrument possible If such terrestrial measurements have to be carried out in difficult country, for instance in primeval forest areas or extensive swamps, it cannot but happen that the expenditure of time and money will be so greatly augmented that in the end the whole advantage of aerial survey becomes illusory
Analysis of Narrow Bipolar Events Using Mode Decomposition Methods
Authors: Senay Seda , Krehbiel Paul R. , da Silva Caitano L. , Edens Harald E. , Bennecke David , Stanley Mark A.
Published: October 2023

Multi‐resolution analysis methods can reveal the underlying physical dynamics of nonstationary signals, such as those from lightning. In this paper we demonstrate the application of two multi‐resolution analysis methods: Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) and Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) in a comparative way in the analysis of electric field change waveforms from lightning. EEMD and VMD decompose signals into a set of Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). The IMFs can be combined using distance and divergence metrics to obtain noise reduction or to obtain new waveforms that isolate the physical processes of interest while removing irrelevant components of the original signal. We apply the EEMD and VMD methods to the observations of three close Narrow Bipolar Events (NBEs) that were reported by Rison et al. (2016, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10721). The ΔE observations reveal the occurrence of complex oscillatory processes after the main NBE sferic. We show that both EEMD and VMD are able to isolate the oscillations from the main NBE, with VMD being more effective of the two methods since it requires the least user supervision. The oscillations are found to begin at the end of the NBEs' downward fast positive breakdown, and appear to be produced by a half‐wavelength standing wave within a weakly‐conducting resonant ionization cavity left behind in the wake of the streamer‐based NBE event. Additional analysis shows that one of the NBEs was likely initiated by an energetic cosmic ray shower, and also corrects a misinterpretation in the literature that fast breakdown is an artifact of NBE‐like events in interferometer observations.
Estimating Sea Surface Salinity in the East China Sea Using Satellite Remote Sensing and Machine Learning
Authors: Liu Jing , Bellerby Richard G. J. , Zhu Qing , Ge Jianzhong
Published: October 2023

Sea surface salinity (SSS) is a master variable in oceanography and important to understand marine biogeochemical and physical processes. In the East China Sea (ECS), a random forest based regression ensemble model (RF) was developed to estimate the SSS with a spatial resolution of ∼1 km based on a large synchronous data set of in situ SSS observations, MODIS‐derived remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) and sea surface temperature (SST). The model showed the best performance when the Rrs(412), Rrs(488), Rrs(555), Rrs(667), SST and Julian day (JD) were used as inputs, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.84, mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.31 and coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.81 for model training (N = 4,504), and a RMSE of 0.77, MAE of 0.30 and R2 of 0.86 for the model test (N = 1,153). The accuracy of the SSS model was examined using an independent data set during the period of 2020–2022 with a RMSE of 0.66 and MAE of 0.39 (N = 2,151). The interannual and seasonal signal of modeled SSS of the ECS, showed that important drivers of variability are the Changjiang discharge and the East‐Asian monsoon. Applications of the model to other Chinese marginal seas (Yellow and Bohai seas) showed good agreement in distribution patterns when compared with the estimated SSS from NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive. Once more empirical oceanographic data is made available, this robust model can be applied to other regions retraining the model with informed local data sets.
Does Zircon Shape Retain Petrogenetic Information?
Authors: Scharf T. , Kirkland C. L. , Barham M. , Yakymchuk C. , Puzyrev V.
Published: October 2023

Zircon shape is commonly reported during geochronology and geochemistry analyses of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks, but the relationship of zircon shape to primary growth environmental conditions remains poorly constrained. Current models for the control on igneous zircon shape focus on the relative growth of crystal prisms and pyramids, which are not discernible in the imaging techniques used for rapid quantification of zircon shape in geochronology sample mounts. We model the relationship between whole‐rock composition and zircon 2D shape in mineral separates from 45 mafic to felsic igneous samples, representative of Archean and Proterozoic crust in Western Australia. Shape parameters are derived from semi‐automated measurement of photomicrographs of polished zircon crystals in epoxy resin mounts. Whole‐rock composition shows a statistically significant relationship to median magmatic zircon crystal area and mathematically defined “roundness.” Zircon populations show reduced median area and increased median roundness as whole‐rock silica decreases. Phase equilibrium modeling based on whole‐rock composition, and automated electron microscopy mineral maps, indicates that the compositional predisposition of zircon shape is influenced by fundamentally different physical growth environments in mafic versus felsic melts. Specifically, influential factors that differ between mafic and felsic liquids include crystallization sequence and duration—which influence unconstrained growth space—and the potential for absorption/exsolution of zirconium from the accompanying mineral assemblage. We present quantitative, explanatory models for the relationship between zircon 2D shape and whole‐rock silica and demonstrate that the relationships are adhered to across a broad spectrum of whole‐rock compositions.
Can Artificial Intelligence‐Based Weather Prediction Models Simulate the Butterfly Effect?
Authors: Selz T. , Craig G. C.
Published: October 2023

We investigate error growth from small‐amplitude initial condition perturbations, simulated with a recent artificial intelligence‐based weather prediction model. From past simulations with standard physically‐based numerical models as well as from theoretical considerations it is expected that such small‐amplitude initial condition perturbations would grow very fast initially. This fast growth then sets a fixed and fundamental limit to the predictability of weather, a phenomenon known as the butterfly effect. We find however, that the AI‐based model completely fails to reproduce the rapid initial growth rates and hence would incorrectly suggest an unlimited predictability of the atmosphere. In contrast, if the initial perturbations are large and comparable to current uncertainties in the estimation of the initial state, the AI‐based model basically agrees with physically‐based simulations, although some deficits are still present.
Loading Loss‐Cone Distributions in Particle Simulations
Authors: Zenitani Seiji , Nakano Shin'ya
Published: October 2023

Numerical procedures to generate random variates that follow loss‐cone velocity distributions in particle simulations are presented. We propose a simple summation algorithm for the Ashour‐Abdalla–Kennel‐type loss‐cone distribution, also known as the subtracted Maxwellian. For the Dory‐type loss‐cone distribution, we use a random variate for the gamma distribution. Extending earlier algorithms for the kappa and Dory‐type distributions, we construct a novel algorithm to generate a popular form of a kappa loss‐cone (KLC) distribution. To better express the loss cone, we discuss another family of loss‐cone distributions based on the pitch angle. In addition to the acceptance‐rejection method, we propose two transformation algorithms that convert an isotropic distribution into a loss‐cone distribution. This allows us to generate loss‐cone and KLC distributions from the Maxwell and kappa distributions.
A Single‐Station Method for Seismic Detection of Slow Earthquakes: Applications to Japan and the Mexican Subduction Zone
Authors: Masuda Koki , Ide Satoshi
Published: October 2023

Slow‐earthquake signals are generally smaller than or comparable to noise levels at almost all seismological frequencies. Comprehensive detection of these events requires continuous waveforms from many stations, but such data are not always available, even in regions with high slow‐earthquake activity. We therefore need a simple and stable detection method that is also applicable to regions with sparse seismic observation networks to truly advance our understanding of slow earthquakes. Here, we utilize the proportionality between the seismic energy rate and seismic moment rate of slow earthquakes to develop a slow‐earthquake detection method using broadband waveforms from a single station. We introduce the method and estimate its performance using continuous waveform data in Japan. The new method only detects events when the tectonic tremors occur near the station, for example, 89.1% of the detections have corresponding tectonic tremor activities within 60 km, which suggests that the false‐positive rate is low. We then apply it to waveform data from the Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Jalisco regions along the Mexican subduction zone. The results for the Guerrero and Oaxaca regions are largely consistent with the geodetic and seismological results from a previous study. We also detect many events in the Jalisco region using a permanent station and provide the first seismological report of long‐term slow‐earthquake activity in this region. Some of the large‐scale slow‐earthquake activity that is detected in this study is consistent with the timings of known slow‐slip events, which implies that other unknown slow‐slip events may have occurred when we detected many events.
Global P‐Wave and Joint S‐Wave Tomography in the North Pacific: Implications for Slab Geometry and Evolution
Authors: Fu Yi , Wang Zhi , Obayashi Masayuki
Published: October 2023

We presented two high‐resolution, three‐dimensional (3D) global P‐ and joint S‐wave velocity models of the whole mantle with a particular focus on the North Pacific realm using our new global tomographic inversion method. The 3D ray tracing based on data‐adaptive block parameterization was implemented to calculate ∼17 million body‐wave absolute travel times and ray paths of multiple classes (e.g., P, S, PP, SSS, PcP, ScSScS, Pdiff, and PKP) recorded by local networks in China, Alaska, and global stations. Rayleigh wave data at 40–250 s was also incorporated for resolution improvement. Compared to previous models, especially at long spatial wavelengths, our new models better exhibited rich variations in the properties of slabs and cratons subducting/subducted into the mantle. The Kurile‐Kamchatka‐Aleutian arc exhibits a distinct and well‐defined pattern of long linear bands characterized by high velocity (high‐Vp, high‐Vs) anomalies. These anomalies descend continuously from the subduction zone and then extend horizontally at the mantle transition zone (MTZ) beneath the Bering Sea, Japan Sea, or alternatively penetrate into the lower mantle below the Okhotsk Sea. We observed there was no slab‐related gap trapped on top of the MTZ beneath the Alaska Peninsula, which was possibly relevant for the subduction of the extinct Kula and Pacific Plates described in previous studies. A further unexpected discovery, deduced from the slab's location and tectonic history, was the identification of a high‐Vp anomaly running parallel to the plate boundary in the Aleutian forearc region, which was considered as an integral part of the Kula slab.
Molecular mechanisms in colitis-associated colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhou Royce W. , Harpaz Noam , Itzkowitz Steven H. , Parsons Ramon E.
Published: October 2023

Sustained chronic inflammation of the large intestine leads to tissue damage and repair, which is associated with an increased incidence of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). The genetic makeup of CAC is somewhat similar to sporadic colorectal carcinoma (sCRC), but there are differences in the sequence and timing of alterations in the carcinogenesis process. Several models have been developed to explain the development of CAC, particularly the “field cancerization” model, which proposes that chronic inflammation accelerates mutagenesis and selects for the clonal expansion of phenotypically normal, pro-tumorigenic cells. In contrast, the “Big Bang” model posits that tumorigenic clones with multiple driver gene mutations emerge spontaneously. The details of CAC tumorigenesis—and how they differ from sCRC—are not yet fully understood. In this Review, we discuss recent genetic, epigenetic, and environmental findings related to CAC pathogenesis in the past five years, with a focus on unbiased, high-resolution genetic profiling of non-dysplastic field cancerization in the context of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Safety and tolerability of long-term treatment with darolutamide in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Jones Robert Hugh , Fizazi Karim , James Nicholas D. , Tammela Teuvo L. , Matsubara Nobuaki , Priou Frank , Beuzeboc Philippe , Lesimple Thierry , Bono Petri , Kataja Vesa , Garcia Jorge A. , Protheroe Andrew , Shore Neal , Aspegren John , Joensuu Heikki , Kuss Iris , Fiala-Buskies Sabine , Vjaters Egils
Published: October 2023

Background

In patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, darolutamide was well tolerated for 25 months, but minimal long-term safety data are available.

Methods

Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) for patients receiving darolutamide for a median of 38 months (n = 13) are described in this pooled analysis of individual patient data from phase 1/2 studies.

Results

All patients reported TEAEs (mostly grade 1/2). The most common TEAEs were diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea. Serious TEAEs were reported in six patients (none related to darolutamide). All treatment-related TEAEs (n = 5) were grade 1.

Conclusions

Long-term darolutamide treatment was well tolerated; no new safety signals observed.

Tweetable abstract

In patients with mCRPC, long-term darolutamide treatment was well tolerated and no new safety signals were observed. These findings are consistent with previous reports, demonstrating a favorable safety and tolerability profile of darolutamide.
Neural correlates of aggression in personality disorders from the perspective of DSM-5 maladaptive traits: a systematic review
Authors: Kolla Nathan J. , Tully John , Bertsch Katja
Published: October 2023

The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published in 2013, includes an alternative model of personality disorders (AMPD) focusing on a maladaptive trait model utilized to diagnose several personality disorders. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) are two conditions categorized by AMPD that exhibit high rates of violence and aggression. Several of the traits outlined in the AMPD, including hostility, impulsivity, risk-taking, and callousness, have been previously linked to aggression in BPD and ASPD. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has never been a synthesis of neuroimaging studies that have investigated links between these traits and aggression in BPD and ASPD. To overcome this gap, we conducted a systematic review under the PRISMA framework to locate neuroimaging articles published since the release of AMPD linking trait anger/hostility, impulsivity, risk-taking, and callousness to aggression in BPD and ASPD. Key findings included the following: i) anger/hostility, associated with alterations in the interplay between prefrontal and subcortical regions (primarily the amygdala), may be a common factor explaining aggressive reactions to response to interpersonal threat or provocation; ii) alterations of fronto-temporal-limbic regions and serotonergic and endocannabinoid signaling systems may link impulsivity to aggression in BPD and ASPD; iii) weaker cortico-striatal connectivity could relate to greater risk taking and greater proclivity for violence. Insufficient evidence from neuroimaging articles was discerned to describe a relationship between callousness and aggression. Overall, results of this review reveal a relative paucity of neuroimaging studies examining AMPD traits relevant to aggression in BPD and ASPD. In addition to encouraging further investigation of neuroimaging markers of AMPD traits linked to aggression, we recommend multi-methodological designs, including the incorporation of other biomarkers, such as hormones and indices of physiological arousal, to fully expand our understanding of aggression in BPD and ASPD.
Programming actuation onset of a liquid crystalline elastomer via isomerization of network topology
Authors: Chen Guancong , Feng Haijun , Zhou Xiaorui , Gao Feng , Zhou Kai , Huang Youju , Jin Binjie , Xie Tao , Zhao Qian
Published: October 2023

Tuning actuation temperatures of liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) achieves control of their actuation onsets, which is generally accomplished in the synthesis step and cannot be altered afterward. Multiple actuation onsets in one LCE can be encoded if the post-synthesis regulation of actuation temperature can be spatiotemporally achieved. This would allow realizing a logical time-evolution of actuation, desired for future soft robots. Nevertheless, this task is challenging given the additional need to ensure mesogen alignment required for actuation. We achieved this goal with a topology isomerizable network (TIN) of LCE containing aromatic and aliphatic esters in the mesogenic and amorphous phases, respectively. These two ester bonds can be distinctly activated for transesterification. The homolytic bond exchange between aliphatic esters allows mechanically induced mesogen alignment without affecting the mesogenic phase. Most importantly, the heterolytic exchange between aromatic and aliphatic esters changes the actuation temperature under different conditions. Spatial control of the two mechanisms via a photo-latent catalyst unleashes the freedom in regulating actuation temperature distribution, yielding unusual controllability in actuation geometries and logical sequence. Our principle is generally applicable to common LCEs containing both aromatic and aliphatic esters.
Active oxygen species mediate the iron-promoting electrocatalysis of oxygen evolution reaction on metal oxyhydroxides
Authors: Jiang Qu , Wang Sihong , Zhang Chaoran , Sheng Ziyang , Zhang Haoyue , Feng Ruohan , Ni Yuanman , Tang Xiaoan , Gu Yichuan , Zhou Xinhong , Lee Seunghwa , Zhang Di , Song Fang
Published: October 2023

Iron is an extraordinary promoter to impose nickel/cobalt (hydr)oxides as the most active oxygen evolution reaction catalysts, whereas the synergistic effect is actively debated. Here, we unveil that active oxygen species mediate a strong electrochemical interaction between iron oxides (FeOxHy) and the supporting metal oxyhydroxides. Our survey on the electrochemical behavior of nine supporting metal oxyhydroxides (M(O)OH) uncovers that FeOxHy synergistically promotes substrates that can produce active oxygen species exclusively. Tafel slopes correlate with the presence and kind of oxygen species. Moreover, the oxygen evolution reaction onset potentials of FeOxHy@M(O)OH coincide with the emerging potentials of active oxygen species, whereas large potential gaps are present for intact M(O)OH. Chemical probe experiments suggest that active oxygen species could act as proton acceptors and/or mediators for proton transfer and/or diffusion in cooperative catalysis. This discovery offers a new insight to understand the synergistic catalysis of Fe-based oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts.
Human in vitro modeling of adjuvant formulations demonstrates enhancement of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigen
Authors: Doss-Gollin Simon , Thomas Sanya , Brook Byron , Abedi Kimia , Lebas Célia , Auderset Floriane , Lugo-Rodriguez Yamile , Sanchez-Schmitz Guzman , Dowling David J. , Levy Ofer , van Haren Simon D.
Published: October 2023

Adjuvants can enhance vaccine immunogenicity, but their mechanism of action is often incompletely understood, hampering rapid applicability for pandemic vaccines. Herein, we characterized the cellular and molecular activity of adjuvant formulations available for pre-clinical evaluation, including several developed for global open access. We applied four complementary human in vitro platforms to assess individual and combined adjuvants in unformulated, oil-in-water, and liposomal delivery platforms. Liposomal co-formulation of MPLA and QS-21 was most potent in promoting dendritic cell maturation, selective production of Th1-polarizing cytokines, and activation of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in a co-culture assay. Select formulations also significantly enhanced Spike antigen-specific humoral immunity in vivo. This study confirms the utility of the cumulative use of human in vitro tools to predict adjuvanticity potential. Thus, human in vitro modeling may advance public health by accelerating the development of affordable and scalable adjuvants for vaccines tailored to vulnerable populations.
The advances of adjuvants in mRNA vaccines
Authors: Xie Chunyuan , Yao Ruhui , Xia Xiaojun
Published: October 2023

The remarkable success of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has propelled the rapid development of this vaccination technology in recent years. Over the last three decades, numerous studies have shown the considerable potential of mRNA vaccines that elicit protective immune responses against pathogens or cancers in preclinical studies or clinical trials. These effective mRNA vaccines usually contain specific adjuvants to obtain the desired immune effect. Vaccine adjuvants traditionally are immunopotentiators that bind to pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of innate immune cells to increase the magnitude or achieve qualitative alteration of immune responses, finally enhancing the efficacy of vaccines. Generally, adjuvants are necessary parts of competent vaccines. According to the existing literature, adjuvants in mRNA vaccines can be broadly classified into three categories: 1) RNA with self-adjuvant characteristics, 2) components of the delivery system, and 3) exogenous immunostimulants. This review summarizes the three types of adjuvants used in mRNA vaccines and provides a comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms by which adjuvants exert their functions in mRNA vaccines.
A citizen-science-enabled catalogue of the vaginal microbiome and associated factors
Authors: Lebeer Sarah , Ahannach Sarah , Gehrmann Thies , Wittouck Stijn , Eilers Tom , Oerlemans Eline , Condori Sandra , Dillen Jelle , Spacova Irina , Vander Donck Leonore , Masquillier Caroline , Allonsius Camille Nina , Bron Peter A. , Van Beeck Wannes , De Backer Charlotte , Donders Gilbert , Verhoeven Veronique
Published: October 2023

Understanding the composition and function of the vaginal microbiome is crucial for reproductive and overall health. Here we established the Isala citizen-science project to analyse the vaginal microbiomes of 3,345 women in Belgium (18–98 years) through self-sampling, 16S amplicon sequencing and extensive questionnaires. The overall vaginal microbiome composition was strongly tied to age, childbirth and menstrual cycle phase.Lactobacillusspecies dominated 78% of the vaginal samples. Specific bacterial taxa also showed to co-occur in modules based on network correlation analysis. Notably, the module containingLactobacillus crispatus,Lactobacillus jenseniiandLimosilactobacillustaxa was positively linked to oestrogen levels and contraceptive use and negatively linked to childbirth and breastfeeding. Other modules, named after abundant taxa (Gardnerella,PrevotellaandBacteroides), correlated with multiple partners, menopause, menstrual hygiene and contraceptive use. With this resource-rich vaginal microbiome map and associated health, life-course, lifestyle and dietary factors, we provide unique data and insights for follow-up clinical and mechanistic research.
Rare variants with large effects provide functional insights into the pathology of migraine subtypes, with and without aura
Authors: Bjornsdottir Gyda , Chalmer Mona A. , Stefansdottir Lilja , Skuladottir Astros Th. , Einarsson Gudmundur , Andresdottir Margret , Beyter Doruk , Ferkingstad Egil , Gretarsdottir Solveig , Halldorsson Bjarni V. , Halldorsson Gisli H. , Helgadottir Anna , Helgason Hannes , Hjorleifsson Eldjarn Grimur , Jonasdottir Adalbjorg , Jonasdottir Aslaug , Jonsdottir Ingileif , Knowlton Kirk U. , Nadauld Lincoln D. , Lund Sigrun H. , Magnusson Olafur Th. , Melsted Pall , Moore Kristjan H. S. , Oddsson Asmundur , Olason Pall I. , Sigurdsson Asgeir , Stefansson Olafur A. , Saemundsdottir Jona , Sveinbjornsson Gardar , Tragante Vinicius , Unnsteinsdottir Unnur , Walters G. Bragi , Zink Florian , Rødevand Linn , Andreassen Ole A. , Igland Jannicke , Lie Rolv T. , Haavik Jan , Banasik Karina , Brunak Søren , Didriksen Maria , T. Bruun Mie , Erikstrup Christian , Kogelman Lisette J. A. , Nielsen Kaspar R. , Sørensen Erik , Pedersen Ole B. , Ullum Henrik ,   DBDS Genetic Consortium, Bay Jakob , Boldsen Jens K. , Brodersen Thorsten , Burgdorf Kristoffer , Dinh Khoa M. , Dowsett Joseph , Feenstra Bjarke , Geller Frank , Hindhede Lotte , Hjalgrim Henrik , Jacobsen Rikke L. , Jemec Gregor , Kaspersen Katrine , Kjerulf Bertram D. , Larsen Margit A. H. , Louloudis Ioannis , Lundgaard Agnete , Mikkelsen Susan , Mikkelsen Christina , Nissen Ioanna , Nyegaard Mette , Henriksen Alexander P. , Rohde Palle D. , Rostgaard Klaus , Swinn Michael , Thørner Lise W. , Bruun Mie T. , Werge Thomas , Westergaard David , Masson Gisli , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Olesen Jes , Ludvigsson Petur , Thorarensen Olafur , Bjornsdottir Anna , Sigurdardottir Gudrun R. , Sveinsson Olafur A. , Ostrowski Sisse R. , Holm Hilma , Gudbjartsson Daniel F. , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Sulem Patrick , Stefansson Hreinn , Thorgeirsson Thorgeir E. , Hansen Thomas F. , Stefansson Kari
Published: October 2023

Migraine is a complex neurovascular disease with a range of severity and symptoms, yet mostly studied as one phenotype in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Here we combine large GWAS datasets from six European populations to study the main migraine subtypes, migraine with aura (MA) and migraine without aura (MO). We identified four new MA-associated variants (in PRRT2, PALMD, ABO and LRRK2) and classified 13 MO-associated variants. Rare variants with large effects highlight three genes. A rare frameshift variant in brain-expressed PRRT2 confers large risk of MA and epilepsy, but not MO. A burden test of rare loss-of-function variants in SCN11A, encoding a neuron-expressed sodium channel with a key role in pain sensation, shows strong protection against migraine. Finally, a rare variant with cis-regulatory effects on KCNK5 confers large protection against migraine and brain aneurysms. Our findings offer new insights with therapeutic potential into the complex biology of migraine and its subtypes.
nextPYP: a comprehensive and scalable platform for characterizing protein variability in situ using single-particle cryo-electron tomography
Authors: Liu Hsuan-Fu , Zhou Ye , Huang Qinwen , Piland Jonathan , Jin Weisheng , Mandel Justin , Du Xiaochen , Martin Jeffrey , Bartesaghi Alberto
Published: October 2023

Single-particle cryo-electron tomography is an emerging technique capable of determining the structure of proteins imaged within the native context of cells at molecular resolution. While high-throughput techniques for sample preparation and tilt-series acquisition are beginning to provide sufficient data to allow structural studies of proteins at physiological concentrations, the complex data analysis pipeline and the demanding storage and computational requirements pose major barriers for the development and broader adoption of this technology. Here, we present a scalable, end-to-end framework for single-particle cryo-electron tomography data analysis from on-the-fly pre-processing of tilt series to high-resolution refinement and classification, which allows efficient analysis and visualization of datasets with hundreds of tilt series and hundreds of thousands of particles. We validate our approach using in vitro and cellular datasets, demonstrating its effectiveness at achieving high-resolution and revealing conformational heterogeneity in situ. The framework is made available through an intuitive and easy-to-use computer application, nextPYP (http://nextpyp.app).
Indoor UWB Positioning and Position Tracking Data Set
Authors: Bregar Klemen
Published: October 2023

Indoor positioning has become a hot topic in various fields, such as industry, healthcare, and commerce. Ultra-wideband (UWB) radio technology provides a cost-effective solution for range-based positioning, offering exceptionally high accuracy and precision. Its ultra-high temporal resolution enables range measurements with accuracy of a few centimeters. To develop and evaluate range-based positioning systems, we collected measurements in four different indoor environments using eight fixed devices and one mobile positioning device. To eliminate the fluctuation of walking speed from the data, we pre-defined a path in each indoor environment, similar to the human walking path, which was sampled at equidistant positions. We collected multiple range measurements and channel impulse response (CIR) data at each tag position on the path. The resulting dataset supports the development of range-based positioning and position tracking algorithms with various combinations of network topologies and anchor-tag combinations. We have also provided a full set of data analysis tools that enable the reproducibility of results and serve as a basis for further development of range-based UWB positioning algorithms.