bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Human Body Modeling Using a Single RGB Camera
Authors: Zhu Haiyu , Yu Yao , Zhou Yu , Du Sidan
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we present a novel automatic pipeline to build personalized parametric models of dynamic people using a single RGB camera. Compared to previous approaches that use monocular RGB images, our system can model a 3D human body automatically and incrementally, taking advantage of human motion. Based on coarse 2D and 3D poses estimated from image sequences, we first perform a kinematic classification of human body parts to refine the poses and obtain reconstructed body parts. Next, a personalized parametric human model is generated by driving a general template to fit the body parts and calculating the non-rigid deformation. Experimental results show that our shape estimation method achieves comparable accuracy with reconstructed models using depth cameras, yet requires neither user interaction nor any dedicated devices, leading to the feasibility of using this method on widely available smart phones.
An Explanatory Study of MBA Students with Regards to Sustainability and Ethics Commitment
Authors: Buil Marian , Aznar Juan , Galiana Jorge , Rocafort-Marco Alba
Published: March 2016

(1) Background: The consequences of the recent economic crisis have shown the need for promoting certain key skills in future entrepreneurs to create enterprises that are capable of producing added value, generating employment and remaining solvent or growing in a competitive and highly volatile environment. Therefore, the issue is not simply a matter of creating more businesses, but rather, a model based on organizations with strong sustainable values in the long term. (2) Methods: The originality and new approach of this article is to establish, through an empirical approach, the link between the entrepreneurial skills and environmental and social commitment in times of crisis. Based on the analysis of a questionnaire answered by MBA students and using structural equation modelling, the relation between entrepreneurial skills, social and environment commitment are tested. (3) Results: The statistical analysis proved the existence of a positive relation between entrepreneurs’ skills and environmental and social commitment pointing out the importance of sustainability commitment as a source of high added value activities. (4) Conclusion: The paper demonstrates that investing in the promotion of entrepreneurial skills in education systems has positive effects on how future entrepreneurs will manage their firms. Therefore, this sustainably depends on the present education policies.
Environmental Implications of Dynamic Policies on Food Consumption and Waste Handling in the European Union
Authors: Martin Michael , Danielsson Lina
Published: March 2016

This study will review the environmental implications of dynamic policy objectives and instruments outlined in the European Union 7th Framework Programme (EU-FP7) Project DYNAmic policy MIXes for absolute decoupling of EU resource use from economic growth (DYNAMIX) to address reductions in food consumption, food waste and a change in waste handling systems. The environmental implications of reductions in protein intake, food waste reductions, food waste management and donations are addressed using a life cycle approach to find the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, land use and water consumption. Data are provided from the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAOSTAT) food balance sheets for the European Union (EU) with a base year of 2010 and life cycle inventory (LCI) data from a meta-study of available GHG, land use and water consumption data for major food products. The implications are reviewed using a number of scenarios for the years 2030 and 2050 assuming policy instruments are fully effective. Results indicate that reductions in animal-based protein consumption significantly reduce environmental impacts, followed thereafter by reductions in food waste (assuming this also reduces food consumption). Despite the positive implications the policy mixes may have for targets for decoupling, they are not enough to meet GHG emissions targets for the EU outlined in the DYNAMIX project, although land and water use have no significant change compared to 2010 levels.
Efficacy and Safety of Intravesical OnabotulinumtoxinA Injection in Patients with Detrusor Hyperactivity and Impaired Contractility
Authors: Wang Chung-Cheng , Lee Cheng-Ling , Kuo Hann-Chorng
Published: March 2016

We investigated the efficacy and safety of intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA injection in patients with detrusor hyperactivity and impaired contractility (DHIC). Twenty-one patients with urodynamically proven DHIC and 21 age-matched patients with overactive bladder (OAB) with urodynamic detrusor overactivity were treated with intravesical injections of 100 U of onabotulinumtoxinA. The overactive bladder symptom score, urgency severity score, patient perception of bladder condition, global response assessment, voiding diary, and procedure-related adverse events (AE) at baseline, two weeks, one, three, and six months after treatment were assessed. The results showed that the subjective symptom scores improved significantly in both groups, and the scores did not differ between the groups. The decrease in urgency episodes and urgency urinary incontinence were noted in OAB patients but not in DHIC patients. Although the incidence of AEs was comparable between the groups, the therapeutic efficacy lasted for a mean of 4.9 ± 4.8 months in DHIC patients and 7.2 ± 3.3 months in OAB patients (p = 0.03). We concluded that the efficacy of intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA injection for DHIC patients was limited and short-term. Nevertheless, AEs did not increase in DHIC. Intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA might not be a good indication in patients with DHIC and high post-voiding residual urine. Physicians should inform patients of the potential benefits and risks of onabotulinumtoxinA injection for treatment of DHIC.
Using a Geospatial Model to Relate Fluvial Geomorphology to Macroinvertebrate Habitat in a Prairie River—Part 2: Matching Family-Level Indices to Geomorphological Response Units (GRUs)
Authors: Meissner Anna , Carr Meghan , Phillips Iain , Lindenschmidt Karl-Erich
Published: March 2016

Many rivers are intensely managed due to anthropogenic influences such as dams, channelization, and water provision for municipalities, agriculture, and industry. With this growing pressure on fluvial systems comes a greater need to evaluate the state of their ecosystems. The purpose of this research is to use a geospatial model of the Qu’Appelle River in Saskatchewan to distinguish instream macroinvertebrate habitats at the family level. River geomorphology was assessed through the use of ArcGIS and digital elevation models; with these tools, the sinuosity, slope, fractal dimension, and stream width of the river were processed. Subsequently, Principal Component Analysis, a clustering technique, revealed areas with similar sets of geomorphological characteristics. These similar typology sequences were then grouped into geomorphological response units (GRUs), designated a color, and mapped into a geospatial model. Macroinvertebrate data was then incorporated to reveal several relationships to the model. For instance, certain GRUs contained more highly sensitive species and healthier diversity levels than others. Future possibilities for expanding on this project include incorporating stable isotope data to evaluate the food-web structure within the river basin. Although GRUs have been very successful in identifying fish habitats in other studies, the macroinvertebrates may be too sessile and their habitat too localized to be identified by such large river units. Units may need to be much shorter (250 m) to better identify macroinvertebrate habitat.
La démographie italienne au XVIe siècle : sources et possibilités de recherche
Authors: Bellettini Athos
Published: March 2016

L'Italie est considérée comme un paradis des chercheurs, tant la documentation historique y est abondante. Pour le XVIe siècle qui est une période de changements importants, il reste pourtant beaucoup à faire si l'on songe que les travaux de Beloch constituent toujours la référence de base. Les sources fiscales nombreuses sont très utiles pour aborder l'étude des structures. L'auteur fournit certaines précisions sur leur état de conservation. Les sources ecclésiastiques (status animarum des registres paroissiaux) constituent un apport fondamental. Les premières ne sont pas très fréquentes au XVIe siècle, les secondes (surtout ceux des baptêmes) sont assez bien conservées. L'auteur étudie quelques courbes longues.
La Réunion, des origines à 1766 : étude démographique
Authors: Houdaille Jacques
Published: March 2016

L'Ile de la Réunion au XVIIIe siècle : l'utilisation des registres paroissiaux et des recensements (1711, 1713, et 1735) a permis à J. Houdaille d'étudier la population blanche de l'île (plus stable). Les femmes s'y mariaient très jeunes (âge médian inférieur à 19 ans) et leur fécondité était élevée (descendance avant 1720 : 11.8 enfants, et 8.9 en 1720-1739). La mortalité des adultes s'accroît au cours du siècle et frappe plus sévèrement les femmes (l'espérance de vie à 20 ans est de 40.1 ans pour les hommes et 37.6 ans pour les femmes). J. H. attribue cette surmortalité féminine à la mortalité en couches. La composition ethnique de la population est aussi envisagée : un tiers des unions se fait entre blancs, 86% comportent un blanc ou une blanche.
Le recueil de généalogies orales : intérêt et limites pour l'histoire démographique de l'Afrique
Authors: Pison Gilles
Published: March 2016

Les généalogies orales ne permettent pas de reconstituer de façon fiable la population passée car elles sont entachées de biais. Ils sont de deux types. Ceux du premier type viennent de la nature même des généalogies orales et sont inévitables, quelque soit le soin apporté à leur collecte. Les principaux d'entre eux sont la sur-représentation des lignées fécondes avec le risque de surestimer la fécondité, les omissions d'individus morts avant l'âge adulte et le sous-enregistrement des migrations, avec le risque de sous-estimer la mortalité et les migrations. Le second type de biais tient à la méthode de collecte utilisée. A l'opposé des biais du premier type, ils peuvent être en partie corrigés en soignant celle-ci. Ce sont, par exemple, un déséquilibre entre côtés paternels et côtés maternels dû à une attention inégale portée aux deux côtés, ou des erreurs de filiation père-fils dues à d'éventuels écarts entre le système d'appellation de la parenté de l'enquêteur et celui de l'enquêté.

Ces différents biais sont illustrés avec les généalogies orales recueillies chez les Peul Bandé du Sénégal. Cet exemple montre que les généalogies orales contribuent cependant à améliorer les mesures démographiques en permettant de repérer certaines erreurs des enquêtes démographiques classiques et de les corriger.
Protoindustrialization and mariage ages in eastern Belgium
Authors: Gutmann Myron P.
Published: March 2016

This article examines the relationship between nuptiality and industrial development in five parishes in eastern Belgium, between the mid-seventeenth century and 1790. The first sections discuss the protoindustrialization hypothesis as established by Mendels and others, and relate the industrial development of the Verviers region. The main sections of the article compare a series of mean marriage ages for women to various measures of economic conditions. The results show no significant relationship, contradicting some parts of the hypothesis. Then the article attempts to replicate Mendels's analysis more closely, by using annual changes in the number of marriages as a proxy for the crude marriage rate. While there were some relationships, they were not as expected. The conclusions to the article call for reexamination of the protoindustralization hypothesis, because of the difficulty we have had replicating some parts of it.
Contribution à l'étude des réseaux urbains des Hainaut français et belge au XVIIIe siècle : synchronismes et distorsions démographiques et fonctionnelles d'une aire de civilisation urbaine
Authors: Guignet Philippe
Published: March 2016

This paper aims at giving some keys to the understanding of the Hainaut urban networks in the eiteenth century lato sensu. The first step of this study mainly consists in an approach of demography supposed to bring out the French and Belgian Hainaut urban hierarchy. The author tests W.Reilly's gravitational assumptions in situ, brings into play some urban centrality indicators (postal activity, weight of the urban budgets). In order to reveal the urbanisation patterns which organise the Hainaut area, Mr. Guignet resorts to two complementary approaches : the rank-size rule and the central places theory dear to W. Christaller. In fine, in a province which is not really in the heart of the economic world System, the author finds out a connexion between the christallerian character of the Hainaut urban networks and the relatively modest level of the urban population. However, with the industrial revolution in the nineteenth century, the Hainaut urban networks had to submit to another logic which led to a stronger density in the coal-basin conurbation.
Du geste qui tue au geste qui sauve. Épidémies et procédures médicales invasives à Paris au XIXe siècle : l'exemple de la maternité de Port-Royal
Authors: Beauvalet-Boutouyrie Scarlett , Boutouyrie Pierre
Published: March 2016

In the nineteenth century, épidémies of peurperal fever ravaged maternity homes and childbirth wards in hospitals. By mid-century, the search for the causes of these epidemies had become a major subject of debate at the Academy of Medicine, but the the mechanisms were not clearly revealed until the 1880's. In this article we propose to underscore the relationship between the progression of invasive médical procédures and the occurrence of the épidémies. Technical progress (instruments, surgical procédures and anesthesia) brought about a growing recourse to invasive techniques , but this progress coincided with an increase in the fever épidémies , which were particularly lethal between 1 850 and 1870. We have attempted to show the reactions of the médical corps confronting this scourge as well as the repercussions on the understanding of the phenomenon of contagion prior to the antiseptic révolution.
Mineralization of the transverse ligament of the atlas causing compressive radiculopathy
Authors: Hamilton Leonard , Driver Colin , Tauro Anna , Campbell Gary , Fitzpatrick Noel
Published: March 2016

Objective: To describe a case of a Boxer dog with radiculopathy due to mineralization of the transverse ligament of the atlas and subsequent resorption and resolution of clinical signs after atlantoaxial arthrodesis and odontoidectomy.

Case Report: A five-year-old neutered female Boxer dog was presented with a four-month history of cervical hyperaesthesia refractory to medical management. Neurological examination and magnetic resonance imaging indicated a diagnosis of radiculopathy due to cervical nerve root impingement by dystrophic mineralization of the transverse ligament of the atlas. Odontoidectomy was performed by a ventral approach and atlantoaxial arthrodesis was achieved with a ventral composite polymethylmethacrylate and pin fixation.

Results: Atlantoaxial arthrodesis and progressive resorption of the mineralization following stabilization facilitated indirect decompression. The radioclinical diagnosis and response to arthrodesis was considered ana -logous to retro-odontoid pannus in the human.

Clinical relevance: A clinical condition similar to retro-odontoid pannus may exist in the canine and may be amenable to atlantoaxial arthrodesis.
EFFECT OF TIME DELAY ON SPATIAL PATTERNS IN A AIRAL INFECTION MODEL WITH DIFFUSION
Authors: Liu Jia , Zhang Qunying , Tian Canrong
Published: March 2016

This paper is concerned with the dynamics of a viral infection model with diffusion under the assumption that the immune response is retarded. A time delay is incorporated into the model described the delayed immune response after viral infection. Based upon a stability analysis, we demonstrate that the appearance, or the absence, of spatial patterns is determined by the delay under some conditions. Moreover, the spatial patterns occurs as a consequence of Hopf bifurcation. By applying the normal form and the center manifold theory, the direction as well as the stability of the Hopf bifurcation is explored. In addition, a series of numerical simulations are performed to illustrate our theoretical results.
THE EFFECT OF UNRESOLVED BINARIES ON GLOBULAR CLUSTER PROPER-MOTION DISPERSION PROFILES
Authors: Bianchini P. , Norris M. A. , Ven G. van de , Schinnerer E. , Bellini A. , Marel R. P. van der , Watkins L. L. , Anderson J.
Published: March 2016

High-precision kinematic studies of globular clusters (GCs) require an accurate knowledge of all possible sources of contamination. Among other sources, binary stars can introduce systematic biases in the kinematics. Using a set of Monte Carlo cluster simulations with different concentrations and binary fractions, we investigate the effect of unresolved binaries on proper-motion dispersion profiles, treating the simulations like Hubble Space Telescope proper-motion samples. Since GCs evolve toward a state of partial energy equipartition, more-massive stars lose energy and decrease their velocity dispersion. As a consequence, on average, binaries have a lower velocity dispersion, since they are more-massive kinematic tracers. We show that, in the case of clusters with high binary fractions (initial binary fractions of 50%) and high concentrations (i.e., closer to energy equipartition), unresolved binaries introduce a color-dependent bias in the velocity dispersion of main-sequence stars of the order of 0.1–0.3 km s−1 (corresponding to 1%−6% of the velocity dispersion), with the reddest stars having a lower velocity dispersion, due to the higher fraction of contaminating binaries. This bias depends on the ability to distinguish binaries from single stars, on the details of the color–magnitude diagram and the photometric errors. We apply our analysis to the HSTPROMO data set of NGC 7078 (M15) and show that no effect ascribable to binaries is observed, consistent with the low binary fraction of the cluster. Our work indicates that binaries do not significantly bias proper-motion velocity-dispersion profiles, but should be taken into account in the error budget of kinematic analyses.
Les élections en Afrique de l’Est
Authors: Fouéré Marie-Aude
Published: March 2016

Le colloque « Les élections en Afrique de l’Est, nouvelles tendances, pratiques et acteurs ? » a été organisé à l’université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour (UPPA) le 8 avril 2015. Il visait à revisiter l’un des objets canoniques de la science politique, les élections, en prenant acte des récentes transformations des contextes, des acteurs et des pratiques liés aux scrutins est-africains. Ses participants, spécialistes de l’Afrique de l’Est, témoignent des efforts actuels entrepris pour croiser différents regards disciplinaires sur l’objet élections, voire adopter une démarche pluridisciplinaire.
Associations dionysiaques, communautés rurales et cultes à Byzance à l’ époque impériale
Authors: Robu Adrian
Published: March 2016

L’article se propose d’examiner le rôle des associations dionysiaques et des communautés villageoises dans la diffusion des pratiques civiques et religieuses à Byzance à l’époque impériale. De même, l’enquête permet de connaître les magistratures des divers groupes et de les comparer à celles de Byzance : dans tous les cas, les thiases et les villages célèbrent des divinités locales et reproduisent, à leur échelle, les institutions de la cité. On peut citer, entre autres, l’exemple du village des « Premiers Mysiens », dont les membres se réunissaient autour du culte de Zeus Pratomysios. Comme l’indique le nom, le groupe se forge une identité locale dans les campagnes de la Mysie, qui ne doit pourtant pas être dissociée de l’identité civique, car les institutions de Byzance (le magistrat éponyme, certaines subdivisions civiques) sont mentionnées dans un décret honorifique émanant de cette communauté.
Histoire et historiens de Propontide et de Bithynie : mythes, récits et identités
Authors: Dana Madalina
Published: March 2016

Cette contribution se propose d’aborder l’histoire culturelle de la région des Détroits, plus précisément l’histoire locale et l’histoire grecque universelle dont certains épisodes concernent la Propontide et la Bithynie. Après avoir identifié les acteurs, on s’est interrogé sur la place qu’occupe ce domaine du savoir dans l’histoire intellectuelle de la région. Le deuxième volet a été consacré à l’écriture de l’histoire, qui laisse une part importante aux héros, aux fondations et aux populations locales. À partir de ces aspects, nous avons mis en évidence le rôle de l’histoire et des historiens dans la construction d’une identité régionale, ainsi que la place accordée à l’histoire universelle. Ces acquis nous ont permis de focaliser notre attention sur l’unité géographico-historique qui pouvait ressortir de ces ouvrages et sur une possible communauté des mythes et des traditions culturelles.
Tombe, excellent état, vue vie imprenable. Une lecture de Jean 11
Authors: Cuvillier Elian
Published: March 2016

Élian Cuvillier * propose une interprétation de Jean 11 et du motif de la vie dans l’Évangile de Jean qui entend respecter tout à la fois le donné textuel et la rationalité du lecteur formé à la démarche critique. Après avoir rappelé les principales difficultés du texte, l’auteur signale quelques impasses à éviter dans la démarche interprétative. Il propose ensuite trois clés de lecture ainsi qu’une traversée synchronique du texte, avant d’examiner le devenir du personnage de Lazare dans la suite de la narration johannique. Il n’y a pas d’autre monde que celui dans lequel vit le lecteur/auditeur et c’est à l’intérieur de ce monde-là que la vie authentique s’expérimente : Lazare devient ainsi métaphore d’un réel possible pour quiconque se met à l’écoute du récit de sa résurrection.
Les catégories de l’entendement économique
Authors: Lima Léa
Published: March 2016

La sociologie française s’est très tôt intéressée à la question des représentations économiques entendues comme des catégories avec lesquelles les individus appréhendent l’économie. Cet aspect du programme de sociologie économique esquissé par Émile Durkheim a été notamment pris en charge par Marcel Mauss, Maurice Halbwachs et François Simiand selon des directions différentes. Cette sociologie économique met l’accent sur l’ancrage social des représentations économiques dans une forme de circularité entre pratiques sociales de l’économie et catégories de description et de jugement sur les choses économiques. Aujourd’hui, des travaux poursuivent cette approche en rendant compte des manières socialement déterminées de qualifier, de classer et de hiérarchiser la réalité économique.
Zone euro : la crise de la doxa
Authors: Lebaron Frédéric
Published: March 2016

Dans les moments de crise, les croyances qui relevaient de l’allant-de-soi économique peuvent faire l’objet de critiques et être dénoncées comme étant infondées ou même erronées. En étudiant les discours qui accompagnent, entre 2010 et 2015, les « politiques d’austérité » menées en particulier en Europe, on analyse les fondements sociaux et la dynamique d’une controverse de politique économique qui divise très largement, bien au-delà du champ politique et du champ syndical, et par-delà les frontières nationales.
Discrimination et double appartenance culturelle : la négociation identitaire des adolescents adoptés à l’international
Authors: Boivin Mylène , Hassan Ghayda
Published: March 2016

À l’adolescence, les enfants adoptés à l’international sont confrontés à un double défi identitaire : celui de l’adoption et celui de la négociation du statut minoritaire. S’ajoute à cette tâche complexe la possibilité que certains d’entre eux soient victimes de discrimination. Le but de la présente étude est de documenter les processus en jeu dans la négociation identitaire des adolescents adoptés à l’international en portant une attention particulière aux enjeux culturels et de discrimination. Des entrevues semi-structurées ont été menées auprès de 13 participants âgés entre 12 et 17 ans et adoptés de pays d’Asie. Une analyse par théorisation ancrée révèle l’existence d’une variation dans les stratégies identitaires bien que la majorité privilégie l’assimilation. Les expériences de discrimination poussent certains à surinvestir leur culture d’accueil au détriment de leurs origines ou, à l’inverse, rend impossible leur intégration. Les implications cliniques sont discutées en lien avec les bénéfices possibles de la socialisation culturelle.
La rencontre avec l’Autre
Authors: Bonomi Marisa , Bianchi Marina
Published: March 2016

Cet article présente une modalité innovante de rencontre avec des familles étrangères, en particuliers pakistanaises et indiennes, résidant dans une province italienne et devant élever et soigner un enfant handicapé avec des instruments nouveaux pour leur tradition. Pour entrer en contact avec elles, on a utilisé la visite domiciliaire selon la méthode de Esther Bick (Infant Observation) adaptée à des besoins et des situations spécifiques. Les visites ont été effectuées par une psychothérapeute avec une médiatrice culturelle et on a réservé beaucoup d’attention au contre-transfert du thérapeute : cela permet de construire des liens entre des personnes et des cultures différentes et favorise l’expérimentation réciproque de l’Autre limitant hostilité et tout sentiment de persécution.
La Loi et le pardon dans la Lettre aux Hébreux. La Lectio de Thomas d’Aquin
Authors: Guggenheim Antoine
Published: March 2016

L’exégèse structurale d’Albert Vanhoye souligne les contrastes théologiques de l’Épître aux Hébreux. L’attention à l’excellence du Christ dans la Lectio de Thomas d’Aquin valorise l’unité analogique de l’Alliance. De la rencontre de l’exégèse ancienne et de l’exégèse moderne peut naître une liberté nouvelle de la lecture où se manifestent l’unité et la diversité de la Parole divine de salut dans le « pour toujours » de la Loi et l’« une fois pour toutes » du pardon.
Peut-on comparer les performances des universités ?
Authors: Brodaty Thomas , Jacotin Gwénaël
Published: March 2016

Après avoir discuté le concept de valeur ajoutée, entendu comme un écart de performances entre universités, nous proposons une stratégie d’estimation et une application empirique à la satisfaction des étudiants au cours de leurs études. L’application est restreinte aux étudiants d’Île-de-France, où la concentration des établissements et la sectorisation imposée aux bacheliers primo-entrants constituent une expérience quasi naturelle. Nous montrons que l’absence de prise en compte des caractéristiques inobservables des étudiants conduit à des estimations erronées de la valeur ajoutée. L’étude nous amène ainsi à rejeter les évaluations reposant uniquement sur les caractéristiques usuellement observables des étudiants. Dans ce cas, une révision du mode de calcul des dotations budgétaires des universités à la performance pourrait soulever d’importants problèmes d’équité.
La réponse graduée de l’Hadopi a-t-elle eu des effets sur le piratage de musique et de films ?
Authors: Darmon Éric , Dejean Sylvain , Pénard Thierry
Published: March 2016

L’Hadopi (Haute Autorité pour la diffusion des œuvres et la protection des droits sur Internet) a-t-elle eu des effets sur les pratiques de consommation d’œuvres musicales et audiovisuelles ? Ces effets peuvent être potentiellement de trois ordres : informationnels (sensibilisation des internautes), dissuasifs (surveillance et envoi d’avertissements) et incitatifs (promotion des offres légales). À partir d’une enquête auprès d’un échantillon représentatif d’internautes français, nous montrons que l’Hadopi n’a pas eu les mêmes effets sur les pratiques de consommation en ligne de musique et de vidéos. Nos résultats suggèrent l’existence d’effets dissuasifs et informationnels sur l’acquisition illégale de musique, alors que les effets seraient plutôt d’ordre incitatif et informationnel pour les films et séries.
Les pays d’Asie du Sud-Est ont-ils intérêt à stabiliser le taux de change face à des chocs externes ?
Authors: Sangaré Ibrahima
Published: March 2016

Cet article compare les performances économiques et en termes de bien-être de quatre régimes monétaires (flottement pur, flottement dirigé, zone cible et change fixe) pour chacun des cinq pays fondateurs de l’ASEAN, à l’aide d’un modèle DSGE de petite économie ouverte. Le modèle intègre l’accélérateur financier et le phénomène dit de péché originel. Il est estimé partiellement par la méthode bayésienne et calibré en utilisant les données de ces pays. Nous trouvons, à travers l’analyse du bien-être, que face aux chocs extérieurs, le régime de change flexible est le meilleur pour chacun des pays étudiés, suivi des régimes intermédiaires et des changes fixes. Nous montrons que ces résultats sont dépendants du degré d’ouverture des économies, soulignant ainsi le rôle des effets de la dépréciation sur le produit.
Recalce en condiciones de emergencia: 40 viviendas cercanas al río Guadalquivir, España
Authors: Ferreira Sánchez A. , Alba Rodríguez M.ª D. , Ramírez-de-Arellano A. , Marrero M.
Published: March 2016

Las intervenciones en edificaciones en circunstancias de emergencia, y en concreto los recalces de cimentaciones son circunstancias poco documentadas dentro de la rehabilitación. Esto se debe, en parte, a la complejidad técnica y la tendencia a evitar hacer públicos datos que puedan conllevar responsabilidades derivadas.

En el artículo se expone el recalce de un edificio de 40 viviendas en Sevilla, cercanas al Río Guadalquivir, afectado por la construcción contigua de un aparcamiento subterráneo. También se establece una comparativa entre tres técnicas consideradas, y finalmente, se explica, técnica y económicamente el método de micropilotes adoptado. Éste se elige, entre otras razones, debido a la calidad del suelo. De la experiencia se ha podido inferir que el éxito de la intervención se ha conseguido debido a tres factores: la organización de la obra, el estudio de los plazos y la implicación de los propietarios afectados.
Clear cell neuroendocrine tumor of pancreas: Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration diagnosis of an uncommon variant
Authors: Kaur Gagandeep , Bakshi Pooja , Singla Vikas , Verma Kusum
Published: March 2016

The cytomorphologic features of clear cell neuroendocrine tumor of pancreas have been rarely reported in cytology literature. The cytomorphology of this rare variant mimics many primary and metastatic clear cell tumors of the pancreas. However, a precise cytological diagnosis can be rendered by awareness of this entity and judicious use of immunohistochemistry. We report one such case in a young woman diagnosed on endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration. The tumor cells showed positive staining with synaptophysin, chromogranin, and also with inhibin.
Notes on Contributors
Authors: Yasukawa Keiko
Published: March 2016

Notes on the contributors to Literacy and Numeracy Studies, Vol. 24, No. 1 (2016).
Airborne laser scan data: a valuable tool to infer partial beam-blockage in urban environment
Authors: Cremonini Roberto , Moisseev Dmitri , Chandrasekar V.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. High spatial resolution weather radar observations are of primary relevance for hydrological applications in urban areas. However, when weather radars are located within metropolitan areas, partial beam blockages and clutter by buildings can seriously affect the observations. Standard simulations with simple beam propagation models and digital elevation models (DEMs) are usually not able to evaluate the buildings contribution to partial beam blockages. In the recent years airborne laser scanners (ALS) evolved to the state-of-the-art technique for topographic data acquisition. ALS data, providing small footprint diameters (10–30 cm), allow accurate reconstruction of buildings and forest canopy heights. Analysing the three weather C-band radars located in the metropolitan area of Helsinki, Finland, the present study investigates the benefits of using ALS data for quantitative estimations of partial beam blockings. The results obtained applying beam standard propagation model are compared with stratiform 24-hour rainfall accumulation to evaluate the effect of partial beam blocking due to the constructions and trees. To provide the physical interpretation of the results, the detailed analysis of beam occultations is achieved by open spatial data sets and interface services with open source Geographic Information Systems.
A comparative study of aerosol microphysical properties retrieved from ground-based remote sensing and aircraft in situ measurements during a Saharan dust event
Authors: Granados-Muñoz María José , Bravo-Aranda Juan Antonio , Baumgardner Darrel , Guerrero-Rascado Juan Luis , Pérez-Ramírez Daniel , Navas-Guzmán Francisco , Veselovskii Igor , Lyamani Hassan , Valenzuela Antonio , Olmo Francisco José , Titos Gloria , Andrey Javier , Chaikovsky Anatoli , Dubovik Oleg , Gil-Ojeda Manuel , Alados-Arboledas Lucas
Published: March 2016

Abstract. In this work we present an analysis of aerosol microphysical properties during a mineral dust event taking advantage of the combination of different state-of-the-art retrieval techniques applied to active and passive remote sensing measurements and the evaluation of some of those techniques using independent data acquired from in situ aircraft measurements. Data were collected in a field campaign performed during a mineral dust outbreak at the Granada, Spain, experimental site (37.16° N, 3.61° W, 680 m a.s.l.) on 27 June 2011. Column-integrated properties are provided by sun- and star-photometry, which allows for a continuous evaluation of the mineral dust optical properties during both day and nighttime. Both the linear estimation and AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) inversion algorithms are applied for the retrieval of the column-integrated microphysical particle properties. In addition, vertically resolved microphysical properties are obtained from a multi-wavelength Raman lidar system included in EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network), by using both LIRIC (Lidar Radiometer Inversion Code) algorithm during daytime and an algorithm applied to the Raman measurements based on the regularization technique during nighttime. LIRIC retrievals reveal the presence of dust layers between 3 and 5 km a.s.l. with volume concentrations of the coarse spheroid mode up to 60 µm3 cm−3. The combined use of the regularization and LIRIC methods reveals the night-to-day evolution of the vertical structure of the mineral dust microphysical properties and offers complementary information to that from column-integrated variables retrieved from passive remote sensing. Additionally, lidar depolarization profiles and LIRIC retrieved volume concentration are compared with aircraft in situ measurements. This study presents for the first time a comparison of the total volume concentration retrieved with LIRIC with independent in situ measurements, obtaining agreement within the estimated uncertainties for both methods and quite good agreement for the vertical distribution of the aerosol layers. Regarding the depolarization, the first published data set of the CAS-POL for polarization ratios is presented here and qualitatively compared with the lidar technique.
Shortwave surface radiation network for observing small-scale cloud inhomogeneity fields
Authors: Madhavan Bomidi Lakshmi , Kalisch John , Macke Andreas
Published: March 2016

Abstract. As part of the High Definition Clouds and Precipitation for advancing Climate Prediction Observational Prototype Experiment (HOPE), a high-density network of 99 silicon photodiode pyranometers was set up around Jülich (10 km × 12 km area) from April to July 2013 to capture the small-scale variability of cloud-induced radiation fields at the surface. In this paper, we provide the details of this unique setup of the pyranometer network, data processing, quality control, and uncertainty assessment under variable conditions. Some exemplary days with clear, broken cloudy, and overcast skies were explored to assess the spatiotemporal observations from the network along with other collocated radiation and sky imager measurements available during the HOPE period.
Net soil–atmosphere fluxes mask patterns in gross production and consumption of nitrous oxide and methane in a managed ecosystem
Authors: Yang Wendy H. , Silver Whendee L.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) are potent greenhouse gases that are both produced and consumed in soil. Production and consumption of these gases are driven by different processes, making it difficult to infer their controls when measuring only net fluxes. We used the trace gas pool dilution technique to simultaneously measure gross fluxes of N2O and CH4 throughout the growing season in a cornfield in northern California, USA. Net N2O fluxes ranged 0–4.5 mg N m−2 d−1 with the N2O yield averaging 0.68 ± 0.02. Gross N2O production was best predicted by net nitrogen (N) mineralization, soil moisture, and soil temperature (R2 = 0.60, n = 39, p< 0.001). Gross N2O reduction was correlated with the combination of gross N2O production rates, net N mineralization rates, and CO2 emissions (R2 = 0.74, n = 39, p< 0.001). Overall, net CH4 fluxes averaged −0.03 ± 0.02 mg C m−2 d−1. The methanogenic fraction of carbon mineralization ranged from 0 to 0.27 % and explained 40 % of the variability in gross CH4 production rates (n = 37, p< 0.001). Gross CH4 oxidation exhibited a strong positive relationship with gross CH4 production rates (R2 = 0.67, n = 37, p< 0.001), which reached as high as 5.4 mg C m−2 d−1. Our study is the first to demonstrate the simultaneous in situ measurement of gross N2O and CH4 fluxes, and results highlight that net soil–atmosphere fluxes can mask significant gross production and consumption of these trace gases.
Why CO2 cools the middle atmosphere – a consolidating model perspective
Authors: Goessling Helge F. , Bathiany Sebastian
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Complex models of the atmosphere show that increased carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, while warming the surface and troposphere, lead to lower temperatures in the stratosphere and mesosphere. This cooling, which is often referred to as "stratospheric cooling", is evident also in observations and considered to be one of the fingerprints of anthropogenic global warming. Although the responsible mechanisms have been identified, they have mostly been discussed heuristically, incompletely, or in combination with other effects such as ozone depletion, leaving the subject prone to misconceptions. Here we use a one-dimensional window-grey radiation model of the atmosphere to illustrate the physical essence of the mechanisms by which CO2 cools the stratosphere and mesosphere: (i) the blocking effect, associated with a cooling due to the fact that CO2 absorbs radiation at wavelengths where the atmosphere is already relatively opaque, and (ii) the indirect solar effect, associated with a cooling in places where an additional (solar) heating term is present (which on Earth is particularly the case in the upper parts of the ozone layer). By contrast, in the grey model without solar heating within the atmosphere, the cooling aloft is only a transient blocking phenomenon that is completely compensated as the surface attains its warmer equilibrium. Moreover, we quantify the relative contribution of these effects by simulating the response to an abrupt increase in CO2 (and chlorofluorocarbon) concentrations with an atmospheric general circulation model. We find that the two permanent effects contribute roughly equally to the CO2-induced cooling, with the indirect solar effect dominating around the stratopause and the blocking effect dominating otherwise.
ISSM-SESAW v1.0: mesh-based computation of gravitationally consistent sea-level and geodetic signatures caused by cryosphere and climate driven mass change
Authors: Adhikari Surendra , Ivins Erik R. , Larour Eric
Published: March 2016

Abstract. A classical Green's function approach for computing gravitationally consistent sea-level variations associated with mass redistribution on the earth's surface employed in contemporary sea-level models naturally suits the spectral methods for numerical evaluation. The capability of these methods to resolve high wave number features such as small glaciers is limited by the need for large numbers of pixels and high-degree (associated Legendre) series truncation. Incorporating a spectral model into (components of) earth system models that generally operate on a mesh system also requires repetitive forward and inverse transforms. In order to overcome these limitations, we present a method that functions efficiently on an unstructured mesh, thus capturing the physics operating at kilometer scale yet capable of simulating geophysical observables that are inherently of global scale with minimal computational cost. The goal of the current version of this model is to provide high-resolution solid-earth, gravitational, sea-level and rotational responses for earth system models operating in the domain of the earth's outer fluid envelope on timescales less than about 1 century when viscous effects can largely be ignored over most of the globe. The model has numerous important geophysical applications. For example, we compute time-varying computations of global geodetic and sea-level signatures associated with recent ice-sheet changes that are derived from space gravimetry observations. We also demonstrate the capability of our model to simultaneously resolve kilometer-scale sources of the earth's time-varying surface mass transport, derived from high-resolution modeling of polar ice sheets, and predict the corresponding local and global geodetic signatures.
Analytical approach for determining the mean water level profile in an estuary with substantial fresh water discharge
Authors: Cai Huayang , Savenije Hubert H. G. , Jiang Chenjuan , Zhao Lili , Yang Qingshu
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The mean water level in estuaries rises in the landward direction due to a combination of the density gradient, the tidal asymmetry, and the backwater effect. This phenomenon is more prominent under an increase of the fresh water discharge, which strongly intensifies both the tidal asymmetry and the backwater effect. However, the interactions between tide and river flow and their individual contributions to the rise of the mean water level along the estuary are not yet completely understood. In this study, we adopt an analytical approach to describe the tidal wave propagation under the influence of substantial fresh water discharge, where the analytical solutions are obtained by solving a set of four implicit equations for the tidal damping, the velocity amplitude, the wave celerity, and the phase lag. The analytical model is used to quantify the contributions made by tide, river, and tide–river interaction to the water level slope along the estuary, which sheds new light on the generation of backwater due to tide–river interaction. Subsequently, the method is applied to the Yangtze estuary under a wide range of river discharge conditions where the influence of both tidal amplitude and fresh water discharge on the longitudinal variation of the mean tidal water level is explored. Analytical model results show that in the tide-dominated region the mean water level is mainly controlled by the tide–river interaction, while it is primarily determined by the river flow in the river-dominated region, which is in agreement with previous studies. Interestingly, we demonstrate that the effect of the tide alone is most important in the transitional zone, where the ratio of velocity amplitude to river flow velocity approaches unity. This has to do with the fact that the contribution of tidal flow, river flow, and tide–river interaction to the residual water level slope are all proportional to the square of the velocity scale. Finally, we show that, in combination with extreme-value theory (e.g. generalized extreme-value theory), the method may be used to obtain a first-order estimation of the frequency of extreme water levels relevant for water management and flood control. By presenting these analytical relations, we provide direct insight into the interaction between tide and river flow, which will be useful for the study of other estuaries that experience substantial river discharge in a tidal region.
Geoscientific process monitoring with positron emission tomography (GeoPET)
Authors: Kulenkampff Johannes , Gründig Marion , Zakhnini Abdelhamid , Lippmann-Pipke Johanna
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Transport processes in geomaterials can be observed with input-output experiments, which yield no direct information on the impact of heterogeneities, or they can be assessed by model simulations based on structural imaging with µCT. Positron emission tomography (PET) provides an alternative experimental observation method which directly and quantitatively yields the spatiotemporal distribution of tracer concentration. Process observation with PET benefits from its extremely high sensitivity together with a resolution that is acceptable in relation to standard drill core sizes. We strongly recommend applying high-resolution PET scanners in order to achieve a resolution in the order of 1 mm. We discuss the particularities of PET applications in geoscientific experiments (GeoPET), which essentially are due to high material density. Although PET is rather insensitive to matrix effects, mass attenuation and Compton scattering have to be corrected thoroughly in order to derive quantitative values. Examples of process monitoring of advection and diffusion processes with GeoPET are illustrating the procedure and the experimental conditions, as well as the benefits and limits of the method.
Investigation of rootzone salinity with field monitoring system at tsunami affected rice fields in Miyagi, Japan
Authors: Tokumoto Ieyasu , Chiba Katsumi , Mizoguchi Masaru , Miyamoto Hideki
Published: March 2016

Abstract. After the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, thirteen thousand hectares of farmlands were damaged by massive Tsunami near coastal sites in Miyagi, Japan. Some eighty percent of the damaged farmlands have been recovered in 2014, but subsidence and high salinity groundwater make it difficult to completely remove salinity from the soil. To solve the problem, management of saltwater intrusion plays an important role in rootzone salinity control with the Field Monitoring System (FMS), which is remote sensing technology of wireless real-time soil data through the internet data sever to investigate high soil moisture and high salinity in tsunami affected fields. Using the FMS with the time domain transmission system, we monitored soil moisture, electrical conductivity (EC), groundwater level, and EC of groundwater at tsunami damaged paddy fields. The field measurements of the FMS were conducted at two sites of tsunami damaged farmlands in Iwanuma and Higashimatsushima of Miyagi prefecture, Japan. After the Tohoku disaster, co-seismic subsidence of 17–21 cm and 50–60 cm of the land was reported at the sites, respectively. Our findings were high EC of groundwater (> 35 dS m−1) due to intrusion of sea water into groundwater in 2013. Although the shallow groundwater provided salinity to the soil surface in 2014, the FEM allowed us to monitor high EC (< 6 dS m−1) even in saturated soil condition. Rainfall facilitated desalination process, but the saline groundwater level reached the soil surface after heavy rainfall, suggesting that coastal zone aquifer management is essential to prevent saltwater intrusion into groundwater.