bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microwave Assisted-Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nickel Ferrite Nanoparticles
Authors: H. H. Mahmoud Mohamed , M. Hessien Mahmoud
Published: October 2018

Nanomagnetic ferrite materials are of great technological importance in several industries due to their high performance, ease of preparation and low cost. The ferrite properties are based on composition, structure and methods of preparation. Nickel ferrite, NiFe2O4, was prepared by the simple microwave assisted-hydrothermal method. Nickel chloride and ferric chloride solutions (stoichiometric ratio of 1: 2 respectively) were mixed, the pH was raised to 10.5 and the mixture was heated at 180 °C in a closed Teflon vessel using a microwave oven at different periods of time (2 - 24 h). The formed powders were examined by XRD, TEM, and VSM. The intensity of nickel-ferrite in the XRD patterns increased with time owing to increase in crystallinity of the formed phase. The TEM images showed that, the size was in the range of 20-40 nm and contents of fine particles noticeably decreased with increasing reaction time to 4-6 hrs and contents of more regular cubic particles are formed. The NiFe2O4 magnetization was continuesly increased with raising the heating time from 2h (9 emu/g) to 24 h (43 emu/g) which may be due to the high purity and crystallinity of the formed NiFe2O4. The results showed that the properties of the formed ferrite can be tailored by controlling the heating time. Microwave assisted co-precipitation followed by hydrothermal digestion resulted in a substance of good homogeneity and crystallinity at a short time.
Green Synthesis and Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Phyllanthus Niruri Extract
Authors: V. G. Viju Kumar , A. Prem Ananthu
Published: October 2018

Studies on green synthesis of nanoparticles moves forward a lot on these days. The present work involves the green method of synthesizing iron oxide nanoparticle from Phyllanthus niruri leaf extract. Furthermore, the green synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles were characterized and its antimicrobial activity was investigated. A characteristic comparison with chemical method of synthesis is also done, for iron nanoparticles. The characterization of nanoparticle includes the IR, UV-Vis, surface morphology and size determination using TEM, SEM, and XRD. The analytical studies revealed that the synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles from these two different methods have almost identical size and morphology. The synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles showed significant antimicrobial activity against the microbes, E. coli and P. aeroginosa. The studies concluded that the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using plant extracts is more beneficial as it is an economical, energy efficient, low cost and environment-friendly process than the bio hazardous chemical synthesis. The present investigation may be a definite contribution to green chemistry in general and nano synthesis in particular.
Zeolite-Templated NiO Nanostructure for Methanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: M. Aldhayan Daifallah
Published: October 2018

NiO nano particles with particle size of 10.0 to 15.0 nm using zeolite as a template were successfully prepared and loaded (NiO 10 wt.%) on functionalized carbon nanofibers (CNFs). The as-prepared material NiO-CNFs was characterized and tested as an electrocatalyst and a catalyst for the methanol conversion. Electrocatalytic results showed high stability which was evinced by repetitive cycles as a result of catalyst surface activation. Gas phase catalytic tests were carried out at 290oC over NiO-CNFs catalyst in fresh, reduced, and oxidized forms. The results showed that dimethyl ether (DME) and CO2 were obtained as main products. Formaldehyde (FA), methyl formate (MF) and dimethoxymethane (DMM) were obtained as traces. The conversion of methanol in the absence of H2 or O2 over inactivated NiO-CNFs catalyst suggested that DME reacts with the formed H2O to produce CO2. In both cases, reactivation of the catalyst by H2 (reduction) or by Air (oxidation), the conversion was increased indicating a regeneration of the catalyst.
Gadolinium-Mesoporous Silica as a Potential Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents
Authors: Rakhmawaty Eddy Diana , Anggraeni Anni , Putri Fauzia Retna , Rahayu Iman , Mutalib Abdul , Firdaus M. Lutfi , Hernandi Bahti Husein
Published: October 2018

Gadolinium-mesoporous silica (Gd-MS) has been used widely as an alternative for synthesizing gadolinium-based Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contrast agents. In this study, Gd-MS was prepared by using the sol-gel method. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) results gave an average pore size value of 38.184 nm, while the surface value of gadolinium mesoporous silica which is high at 580,666 nm. We describe the synthesis, characterization, and stability test of a novel type of magnetic nanoparticles based on Gd-Si oxide. The particles are nanosized and can enter cell easily. This is a completely novel biomedical application of mesoporous silica materials.
Synthesis, Characterization of SiO2/TiO2 and SiO2/Al2O3 Nano-Composites for the Photo-Degradation of Acid Brown- 43 dye with Irradiation of Solar Light
Authors: Thirumavalavan P. , Rajendran Venckatesh , Sivaraj Rajeshwari
Published: October 2018

In this study we have found that photo degradation of Acid brown- 43 dye with irradiation Solar light Using synthesized SiO2/ TiO2 and SiO2/Al2O3 Nano-composites which prepared by chemical precipitation technique using microwave irradiation. The structure and morphology of SiO2/TiO2 and SiO2/Al2O3) Nano composites were characterized by SEM, EDAX & TEM analysis. The similarities in photo degradation mechanism, SiO2 , Al2O3 and TiO2 have as good as band gap energy, and possess worthy standing as photo-catalysts. SiO2/TiO2 and SiO2/Al2O3 nanoparticles have large surface area and thus provide a large number of active sites for interaction among the particles of different oxides. This synthesized Nano-composites of SiO2/TiO2 and SiO2/Al2O3 photo-catalyst sample showed tremendous photo-catalytic activity for the degradation of Acid Blue - 43 under direct exposure to solar irradiation with respect to exposed time and dose of Nano-composites.
Functionalization of Cinnamaldehyde to Arylidene Barbituric Acid Catalyzed by Samarium(III) Chloride
Authors: Herry Cahyana Antonius , Ardiansah Bayu , Nadila Aisyah
Published: October 2018

Benzaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde were successfully condensed with barbituric acid using samarium(III) chloride in water for 2h at room temperature. The products were confirmed through FTIR, UV-Vis and GC-MS analysis.
Validation of the Procalcitonin Assay on the Abbott Architect i1000
Authors: Pagaduan Jayson V , Tam Estella , Devaraj Sridevi
Published: October 2018

Background

Procalcitonin (PCT) is an emerging biomarker for detecting sepsis. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration cleared the expanded use of this biomarker for guiding clinicians regarding antibiotic treatment. To our knowledge, there are no published method validations for the Abbott Architect PCT assay. This article will discuss the process of method validation of the B·R·A·H·M·S PCT assay on the Abbott Architect platform.

Methods

We studied the precision, accuracy, and linearity of the Architect method following the guidance of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute EP5-A2 document. Furthermore, we also tested the impact of major sources of interference from hemolysate, lipoproteins, and bilirubin. To validate the Architect method, we compared patients' serum PCT measurements with our previously established Mini VIDAS (bioMerieux) PCT assay.

Results

Statistical analysis showed that the 2 assays have good correlation (r > 0.99), slope of 1.023, and intercept of −0.760. The calculated bias is −7.435%. The Architect method showed good precision with %CV < 3.5% for both interassay and intraassay compared with %CV < 6.5% for Mini VIDAS, which was previously determined at our institution. No bias >10% was observed with the Architect method when pooled serum samples were spiked with interferants. The turnaround time for both platforms was the same (20 min); however, in contrast with Mini VIDAS, the Architect system has automated pipetting of samples and can perform multiple assays simultaneously.

Conclusion

These results showed that the Architect B·R·A·H·M·S PCT assay has analytical characteristics conducive for diagnostic use in clinical laboratories. Our method validation report will be beneficial for other institutions to adapt this assay on existing Abbott Architect i1000 immunoassay analyzers.
Factors Influencing the Duration of Acute Infantile Diarrhea
Authors: Rahardjo Sutomo , Warouw S. M. Salendu
Published: October 2018

A retrospective study was conducted on infantile diarrhea treated at the Gunung Wenang General Hospital to evaluate the relationship of age, nutritional status and cause of diarrhea to the duration of episode of infantile diarrhea. From January 1991 up to December 1992, 584 infantile diarrhea cases out of 1109 infants were treated at the Division Gastroenterology Child Health Department. Three hundred and forty-four (58,7%) of them were male, and 56% of patients were less than 12 months of age. The nutritional status was evaluated using NCHS standard; 391 (67,0%) were well-nourished, 49 (8,4%) were moderately under-nourished, and .S (0,8%) were severely malnourished. Duration of diarrhea of 4 days of less was found in 70.8% of patients 13-24 months old, 43.9% in 7-12 months age group, 46.2% of infants 4-6 months age group, and 54.8% of infants 1-3 months age group, 60,6% of well-nourished infants, 56,8% of mildly malnourished infants, and 31,5% of moderate to severely malnourished infants. Chronic diarrhea was found in 5 infants (0,9%), 3 with severe malnourished infants suffered from carbohydrate intolerance with E. histolytica infestation and the other 2 infants due to E. coli.
Immunization Coverage of Underfives in Marunda, North Jakarta
Authors: Sularyo Titi Sunarwati , Sudjarwo Sri Rochani
Published: October 2018

A study was prospectively carried out on the immunization coverage of underfives in a rural coastal area in Marunda, North Jakarta. It revealed that (1) the immunization coverage was still far below target, to wit covering only 19.6 % of the 102 studied children except for BCG which fulfilled the national target; (2) the immunization coverage was significantly associated with the Road to Health Chart (KMS) utilization (p < 0.05), the number of mother's parity (p < 0.05), and very significantly associated (p < 0.01) with the family income; (3) Mothers reasons for not having their underfives immunized were not knowing at all about immunization or that it should be done consecutively several times (65.9 %), the child was then not considered quite healthy (15.8 %), or there had been no funds (18.3 %).
Mentally Subnormal Children: Probable Causes, Backgrounds, and Preventive Aspects
Authors: Sularyo Titi Sunarwati
Published: October 2018

A prospective study on 71 students in a special school for mentally subnormal functioning children in Jakarta was reviewed by physical examination, psychometric evaluation interviews and home visits. In the majority (87.5%) the IQ ranged from 70 to 90 Units (Wechsler scale). Of the 71 children, 4 7 (65.6 %) had somatic or biomedical known factors as etiology, while the other 24 (34.4%) were probably of sociocultural origin. This was surprising, since although the children had mentally subnormal intellectual functioning, the biomedical factors still played a high toll for it. Sociocultural factors, found out on home visits, such as unfavorable reproductive pattern of mothers, maternal deprivation, unwanted pregnancies, overprotective attitude, broken homes etc. were identified. For prevention, strengthening of the MCH care and family planning will be of utmost importance.
Nocturnal Enuresis
Authors: Arni Arni , Budiati Tri , Mahamah Mahamah , Abubakar Hafiz , Ramayati Rafita , Djas Rusdi
Published: October 2018

From November 1, 1992, to February 1, 1993 a cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with nocturnal enuresis who attended to the Child Clinic of Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Medan, with the age ranging from 4 to 15 years. All patients were interviewed by using questionnaires, and the physical and laboratory examinations were done. Enuresis is defined as an involuntary urination and occurring repeatedly in children of> 4 years, with the minimum of 2 times/month and no indicators of organic disturbances. Of the 168 patients with the age of 4 to 15 years, 70 (41.6%) were found with nocturnal enuresis; 38 (54.2%) were males and 32 (45.8%) females. Most of the patients 33 patients (4 7.1 %) were found in the age group of 4-5 years. All parents of the patients suggested that their children had enuresis without familial complaints because they believe that it would stop gradually with the increases in age. No significant difference was found in the socio-economic status between the enuretic and non-enuretic children. The two groups showed no significant differences in growth and urinary tract infection was not noted.
Injury In Preschool-Age Children: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Surjono Achmad , Sastrowijoto Soenarto , Wilopo Siswanto Agus , Rusito Harun
Published: October 2018

A study on the type and frequency of injuries in preschool-age children was conducted in a sample of households representing population of Purworejo district. A two stages cluster (wilcah) method was used to select 4.354 preschool-age children living in 12,721 households in the district. The mother or other child caretakers provided responses about injuries occurring during the 3 months period to interview. Injuries among these preschool-age children included trauma by cutting or sharp object (6.5%), falls (5.7%), bums (0.6%), bites (0.4%), traffic accident (0.4%), unconsciousness (0.2%) and poisoning (0 .1 %). The typical injury in under the 12 months olds was falls. Children aged 12 to 23 month accounted for 18% of the injury episodes which were typical fall and trauma. Children aged 24 to 59 months accounted for 76.6% of injury episodes which were typically trauma, falls, bums, bites and traffic accident. No statistical differences in the frequency and type on injuries were observed between urban and rural areas. The relative frequency in age-grouped and type of injuries from this population-based study can be used in planning injury prevention especially for family health education program.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE FRACTURE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF C-SMC MATERIALS
Authors: Tiefenthaler Martin , Stelzer Philipp S. , Chung Chi N. , Reisecker Volker , Major Zoltan
Published: October 2018

The fracture mechanics of random discontinuous Carbon Fiber Sheet Molding Compound (C-SMC) materials compared to traditional carbon fiber composites are not well understood. An experimental study was carried out to characterize the fracture behavior of such C-SMC materials. Mode I tests, using double cantilever beam specimens, and mode II tests, adopting the four-point bend, end-notched flexure configuration, were performed. Results show high variations in the forcedeflection responses and scatter in the fracture toughness properties GIc and GIIc, due to the complex mesostructure defined by random oriented carbon fiber chips. To investigate the influence of the mesostructure, tensile tests with varying specimen width and thickness were assessed by stochastic measures to find the representative specimen size.
OPTIMIZATION OF DECOMPRESSIVE CRANIECTOMY BASED ON FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATIONS
Authors: Hazay Mate , Bakos Bernadett , Toth Peter Jozsef , Buki Andras , Bojtar Imre
Published: October 2018

Decompressive Craniectomy (DC) is a neurosurgical procedure which is often applied to decrease the intracranial pressure (ICP), even if its optimal execution in terms of the size and location of the skull opening is not known. The current research focuses on DC from a biomechanical perspective. A finite element (FE) modelling strategy is applied where patient-specific head models are developed. These numerical models are used to perform virtual experiments where DC is simulated several times with skull openings having different size and location. During the simulations ICP, stress and strain distributions in the brain tissue are monitored in the function of the skull opening details. In the knowledge of these objective functions suggestions could be made regarding the applied optimization procedure which can lead to the identification of optimal DC scenarios in the future.
IMPACT TESTING OF ORDNANCE GELATINE UNDER MODERATE STRAIN RATE CONDITIONS
Authors: Doktor Tomáš , Zlámal Petr , Šleichrt Jan , Fíla Tomáš , Kytýř Daniel
Published: October 2018

An experimental study on energy absorption capabilities and strain rate sensitivity of ordnance gelatine was performed. Strain energy density under quasi static compression and moderate strain rate impact tests was compared. In the study two types of material were tested, bulk ordnance gelatine and polymeric open-cell meshwork filled with ordnance gelatine. From the results a significant strain-rate effect was observed in terms of ultimate compressive strength and strain energy density. In comparison of the deformation behaviour under quasi static conditions and drop weight test the difference was very significant, however slight increase in both strength and strain energy density was observed even between different impact energies and velocities during the impact testing. The peak acceleration was significantly reduced in polymer meshwork filled by gelatine in comparison to the bulk gelatine.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE FAILURE BEHAVIOUR OF POLYPROPYLENE COMPOUNDS FOR INSTRUMENTED PUNCTURE TESTS
Authors: Kiehas Florian , Kalteis Anna , Jerabek Michael , Major Zoltán
Published: October 2018

Instrumented puncture tests according to ISO 6603-2 and ASTMD3763 were executed for five different Polypropylene compounds (talcum-, glass fibre- and elastomer modified) with specimen thicknesses ranging from 1mm to 4 mm. Over 1500 puncture tests were executed at the Impact & Long-term Behaviour laboratory of the company Borealisr in Linz. This serves as strong foundation for statistical evaluations of the ductile/brittle transition temperature. For different materials and ductile/brittle transition determination methods, similar trends have been observed, which were characterized by introducing shift factors.
Detrás de la crisis: inversiones de capital, mecanización y desocupación en Entre Ríos, 1928–1946
Authors: Leyes Rodolfo
Published: October 2018

Nuestro trabajo trata de dar explicación a la persistencia de la desocupación en la provincia de Entre Ríos, en el periodo 1928–1946. Diferentes estudios han hecho foco en la desocupación como un fenómeno asociado a la crisis de 1930. Por nuestra parte, vemos la continuidad de un proceso de inversión de capitales en maquinarias, que se extendió por el periodo elegido, lo que generó una expulsión permanente de trabajadores, conformando una sobrepoblación obrera que tuvo que buscar trabajo, muchas veces, fuera de la provincia en cuestión. Por este motivo, este trabajo aporta al conocimiento de las transformaciones de la clase obrera, de los efectos de la mecanización y el éxodo de trabajadores previo al peronismo.
Stakeholder Involvement in Transdisciplinary Research: Lessons from Three Projects on Sustainable Land Management in a North-South Setting
Authors: Schmidt Laura , Hartberger Korbinian , Kobbe Susanne , Falk Thomas , Wesselow Maren , Schumann Charlotte
Published: October 2018

Sustainability problems call for collaborative solution finding. Lessons learnt from the transdisciplinary designs of three projects in the Global South include the need for a prephase to build balanced ownership, institutionalised and equal partnerships, and diversified approaches.Stakeholder
(SH) involvement is a major and ever-challenging aspect of transdisciplinary research (TDR). Reflecting on three land management research projects (Carbiocial, SuLaMa, TFO) in a North-South setting, we present their individual approaches for SH involvement and discuss which SH group
was involved, when and why. We identify patterns and share lessons learnt that can serve to design TDR projects in general and in a North-South context specifically. Close collaboration with strategic SHs for project conceptualisation and implementation is essential to build ownership and
link the project to other SHs. However, structures based on equal partnerships are required. Diversified methods adapted to the specific regional context enable target-oriented involvement during research, but unexpected dynamics and diverging interests must be kept in mind. Reflections on
the processes of SH involvement in TDR project teams are vital for easing power imbalances and intercultural misunderstandings.
Die Energiewende im Mehrebenensystem: Politische Koordination und Partizipation im Fokus
Authors: Knodt Michèle , Kemmerzell Jörg , Fraune Cornelia , Müller Rainer
Published: October 2018

Das Arbeitspaket Wandel von Strukturen und Prozessen im Mehrebenen-Governance-System des Kopernikus-Projekts ENavi erarbeitet Lösungen für die Governance-Herausforderungen der Energiewende.
Nachhaltigkeit an Schweizer Hochschulen: Das Erfolgsbeispiel Nachhaltigkeitswoche Zürich
Authors: Schneider Pascal , Salvo Gaia Di , Paulin Nayeli
Published: October 2018

Das studentische Engagement zur Nachhaltigkeit an den Schweizer Hochschulen leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung der Gesellschaft. Studierende erklären aus ihrer Perspektive und am Beispiel der Nachhaltigkeitswoche Zürich, welche Rolle sie im
Nachhaltigkeitsdiskurs einnehmen und wie ihre Initiativen auf Resonanz stoßen.
Ich fürchte, ich bin ein transdisziplinärer Methodologe
Authors: Christian Pohl
Published: October 2018

Reaktion auf fünf Beiträge in GAIA 2014 ‐ 2018 zur Theorie transdisziplinärer Forschung
From the Editor in Chief
Authors: Doğanay Ahmet
Published: October 2018

Dear producers and consumers of knowledge,

I would like to share the happiness of being with you again with 9th Volume 1th first issue of Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction (PEGEGOG) in 2019. I hope you could find time to have a rest after your busy schedule. Initially, I want to thank you for the increasing interest for our journal.

There has been 98 articles sent for publication to our journal. This is good news for our journal. On the other hand, I have to indicate that there were critical problems in terms of format within these articles as stated in the previous issue. First of all, unfortunately we had to reject some articles as in many of them there were texts very similar to ones in different articles. At first step, we scan all articles in i-Thenticate program to determine the exact quotations from other resources. After this scan, we reject the articles detected to have exact quotations at a high rate without initiating peer-review process. Apart from that, we also send back the articles not written in an academic format not to disturb our reviewers unnecessarily.

One of the problems with the articles submitted to our journal and we had to reject was about data analysis. The data is the raw information collected from related resources through research aims. These should be analyzed in parallel with these aims. It is necessary to analyze them using statistics for quantitative data and methods such as content analysis or descriptive analysis for qualitative data. Analysis provides the data being transformed into findings and make sense. Especially, in some of document analysis and some qualitative studies, it is seen that data are presented as findings. In some others, data are presented being only described. It is essential that the studies are formed in an article format obeying the rules by the journal and presented for publication afterwards.

As always, we present the ten articles got through peer-review process and given DOI number to you dear producers and consumers of knowledge. I wish these studies conducted in various fields of educational sciences will be useful and contribute to theoretical knowledge within the field. Hope to meet within the next issue.

Sincerely yours,
Prawo i jego nauczanie w Gdańskim Gimnazjum Akademickim od XVI do XIX wieku (1558-1810)
Authors: Maciejewski Tadeusz
Published: October 2018

W 1558 r. powstało Gimnazjum Gdańskie, jako czteroklasowy partykularz.W 1580 r. został on przekształcony w Gimnazjum Akademickie. Do istniejącychdotychczas sześciu klas dodano dwie nowe, akademickie, z których najwyższe (prima i secunda) uzyskały przywilej prowadzenia zajęć odpowiadającychuniwersyteckim wydziałom teologii, fi lozofi i, prawa i medycyny, wszakże bez możliwości nadawania stopni naukowych. Odrębna Katedra Prawa i Historii powstała w 1603 r. Były one bowiem nastawione na kształcenie ludzi zarównouczonych, jak i mających w przyszłości piastować najwyższe stanowiskaurzędnicze, nie tylko zresztą w samym Gdańsku, ale i w innych miastachpruskich oraz na dworze królewskim. Związane to było ściśle z równoczesnymnauczaniem historii.
O wadze nauki historii. Refleksja Jana Jakuba Rousseau.
Authors: Baranowska Marta
Published: October 2018

Nadal popularne i dla wielu prawdziwe jest powiedzenie, że historia uczy jednego – tego, że nikogo jeszcze niczego nie nauczyła. Z pewnością historykom, ale nie tylko, trudno zgodzić się z takim poglądem, więc zadaniem wykładowców jest wskazywanie na wagę, jak również użyteczność historii. Warto zdawać sobie sprawę, że same rozważania na temat niechęci młodzieży do nauki historii nie jest wcale czymś nowym.Właśnie u Jana Jakuba Rousseau odnajdujemy rozważania dotyczące poruszanego w niniejszym artykule zagadnienia. Zdaniem, pochodzącego z Genewy, myśliciela fundamentalną kwestią, zarówno dla jednostki, jak i społeczeństwa, jest wychowanie
Starania Rafała Taubenschlaga o uzyskanie veniam legendi na Wydziale Prawa Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w latach 1907-1913
Authors: Żukowski Przemysław Marcin
Published: October 2018

Rafał Taubenschlag objął zwyczajną katedrę od 1 września 1921 r. na podstawie dekretu nominacyjnego z 31 sierpnia 1921 r. Początki jego kariery naukowej jako docenta traktować jako odpowiednik dzisiejszego samodzielnegopracownika nauki, datują się na 1913 r. Wówczas to, 2 października 1913 r., ówczesne wiedeńskie Ministerstwo Wyznań i Oświaty (dalej: MWiO) zatwierdziło uchwałę Kolegium Profesorów Wydziału Prawa UJ nadającą Rafałowi Taubenschlagowi prawo wykładania, czyli veniam legendi z zakresu prawa rzymskiego oraz tytuł docenta prywatnego UJ. Sześć lat później, 22 września 1919 r. Naczelnik Państwa Józef Piłsudski, zamianował go profesorem na nadzwyczajnej katedrze tego przedmiotu w Krakowie.
"Liczba rozwodów orzeczonych na ziemiach polskich na podstawie Kodeksu Napoleona"
Authors: Pomianowski Piotr Zbigniew
Published: October 2018

Celem niniejszego szkicu jest oszacowanie liczby rozwodów ogłoszonych na ziemiach polskich na podstawie Kodeksu Napoleona w okresie stosowania jego regulacji w tym zakresie, tj. w Księstwie Warszawskim, Królestwie Polskim (do 1825 r.) i Rzeczypospolitej Krakowskiej (do 1852 r.).
"Polska doktryna prawa penitencjarnego w okresie międzywojennym – zarys problematyki"
Authors: Chmielewski Krzysztof
Published: October 2018

Celem artykułu jest omówienie koncepcji wybranych przedstawicieli polskiej penitencjarystyki okresu międzywojennego. Podjęto w nim też próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, które z nich można uznać za rozwiązania oryginalne, a które stanowiły jedynie wyraz dążenia do podtrzymania istniejącego stanu rzeczy w systemie więziennym II Rzeczypospolitej.
Narody w Rosji 1917 r. Skutki rewolucji. Uwagi na kanwie książki Richarda Pipesa Czerwone imperium. Powstanie Związku Sowieckiego, tłum. W. Jeżewski, Wyd. Magnum, Warszawa 2015, ss. 363
Authors: Lityński Adam
Published: October 2018

„Pierwszym skutkiem rewolucji rosyjskiej stał się upadek caratu, a jej ostateczną konsekwencją było zupełne załamanie się wszystkich form zorganizowanego życia w Rosji. Do wielu aspektów tego załamania należał rozpad imperium (…)” – napisał Richard Pipes w swojej najstarszej książce, a najpóźniej, właśnie niedawno, wydanej w Polsce. Słowa te autor odniósł tylko do okresu tworzenia Związku Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich, do lat 1917-1922, ale jakże dobrze można je odnieść do całych 74 lat istnienia czerwonego imperium. Wydanie polskie to tłumaczenie drugiego wydania, znacznie późniejszego niż pierwsze, książki opublikowanej przez Harvard University Press. Autor – urodzony (1923) w Cieszynie amerykański historyk i politolog – jest dobrze znany czytelnikom polskim, zwłaszcza historykom, z licznych tłumaczonych na język polski prac na tematy rosyjskie, głównie dotyczące rewolucji 1917 r.
"Badania porównawcze nad totalitaryzmem nazistowskim i stalinowskim w historiograﬁ i zachodniej. Uwagi w związku z książką Stalinizm i nazizm. Porównanie dyktatur, red. I. Kershaw, M. Lewin, Harmonia Universalis, Gdańsk 2015, ss. 437"
Authors: Tyrchan Mikołaj
Published: October 2018

Fenomen dwudziestowiecznych państw totalitarnych i autorytarnych stanowi istotne zagadnienie badawcze w zachodnich naukach historycznych, politycznych, ﬁ lozoﬁ cznych i prawnych. Już od 1917 r. analizowano zagrożenia płynące dla cywilizacji zachodniej ze strony nihilistycznego bolszewizmu sowieckiego. W przedwojennej Europie istotnym problemem okazał się szybko wzrost tendencji autorytarnych i faszystowskich (Włochy, Europa Środkowo-Wschodnia, Hiszpania). Nową jakość stanowiła III Rzesza A. Hitlera, zaliczana do dyktatur o charakterze otwarcie totalitarnym. Badania nad bolszewizmem, faszyzmem i nazizmem były prowadzone w przedwojennym świecie zachodnim przede wszystkim przez emigrantów wschodnioeuropejskich, a po 1933 r. również przez wybitnych emigrantów niemieckich.
Skład i struktura senatu oraz izby poselskiej na sejmie koronacyjnym Zygmunta III (1587-1588)
Authors: Pieńkowski Maciej
Published: October 2018

Sejm koronacyjny Zygmunta III obradował w Krakowie w dniach od 10 grudnia 1587 r. do 30 stycznia 1588 r. pod laską marszałka poselskiego Jana Gajewskiego, sędziego ziemskiego poznańskiego. Zebrał się on po rozdwojeniu sejmu elekcyjnego w sierpniu 1587 r., na podstawie recesu elekcyjnego wydanego do szlachty koronnej i litewskiej przez zwolenników nominata szwedzkiego Zygmunta Wazy. Okoliczności towarzyszące obradom sejmu były nadzwyczajne, na co wpływ miało wcześniejsze obranie przez Zborowskich na króla Maksymiliana Habsburga. W konsekwencji rywalizacji fakcji podwójny wybór na polach pod Warszawą doprowadził do wojny oraz obcej interwencji zbrojnej w Rzeczypospolitej.
Kurator z powodu ciąży w świetle akt Sądu Pokoju Powiatu Łęczyckiego i Sądu Pokoju w Łodzi w latach 1809-1876
Authors: Machut - Kowalczyk Joanna
Published: October 2018

Kuratela z powodu ciąży przewidywana była w prawie francuskim, ale również w obowiązującym na południowych ziemiach polskich od 1811 r. kodeksie cywilnym austriackim oraz obowiązującym w zaborze pruskim Landrechcie. Przedstawiane rozważania na temat funkcjonowania kurateli z powodu ciąży opierają się na ustawodawstwie obowiązującym na obszarze Księstwa Warszawskiego, a później Królestwa Polskiego i literaturze dziewiętnasto- i dwudziestowiecznej. Źródła praktyki z lat 1809-1876 zaczerpnięte zostały z zespołów: Sąd Pokoju Powiatu Łęczyckiego i Sąd Pokoju w Łodzi, zachowanych w Archiwum Państwowym w Łodzi.
Wolność ekspresji artystycznej. Regulacje europejskie a rozwiązania polskiego systemu prawnego
Authors: Sobczak Jacek
Published: October 2018

Ekspresja artystyczna towarzyszy – jak się wydaje – człowiekowi od zarania dziejów. Sztuka stanowiła zawsze immanentną część kultury i cywilizacji. Bez sztuki bardzo trudno byłoby zrozumieć nie tylko życie prywatne w poszczególnych epokach, dzieje kultury, a nawet historię gospodarczą i polityczną. Sztuka zdaje się nie znać granic geograﬁ cznych i chronologicznych. Stale poszerza swój zasięg, obejmując kulturę, religię, systemy polityczne, zawłaszcza gospodarkę, stymulując zachowania rynkowe, tworząc nowe zawody, zapewniając utrzymanie rzeszom pracowników, którzy w prawdzie sami sztuki nie tworzą, ale nią administrują, konserwują jej dzieła, zbierają związane z nią przekazy, handlują nimi.
Odstępstwa od narodowości polskiej w latach 1939-1945
Authors: Ziuziakowska Emilia
Published: October 2018

Odstępstwa od narodowości polskiej stały się istotnym problemem w czasie wojny i po jej zakończeniu. Zjawisko to było skutkiem prowadzonej przez okupanta polityki germanizacyjnej, która zakładała wzmocnienie niemieckiego potencjału na ziemiach wcielonych do Rzeszy. Narzędziem tej polityki stała się niemiecka lista narodowościowa (Deutsche Volksliste – DVL). W wyniku dobrowolnych i prowadzonych pod przymusem wpisów na listę tę zarejestrowano około trzech milionów obywateli mieszkających na terenie przedwojennej Polski. Zakwaliﬁ kowanie do jednej z czterech grup volksdeutschów niosło za sobą zarówno przywileje, jak i obowiązki. Dla wielu osób wpis na listę stał się sposobem na przetrwanie okupacji, zachowanie majątku, uniknięcie wysiedlenia, represji czy obozu koncentracyjnego
Kolegium Rewizyjne (Revision-Collegium) w Napoleońskim Wolnym Mieście Gdańsku (1807–1814). Geneza, struktura i przebieg postępowania odwoławczego w rozwoju historyczno-prawnym
Authors: Maciejewski Tadeusz , Wołodkowicz Cezary
Published: October 2018

The article presents the rules of appeal proceedings in civil and criminal cases in the Napoleonic Free City of Danzig. The appeals took place before the Revision Commissions which were appointed for civil cases in October 1809 a nd for criminal cases in February 1810. Furthermore, the paper delineates their organizational structure as well as the method of making the final decision (rejecting or accepting the Commission’s decision). The contents of this article were based on the rules and regulations which governed the Commissions which hitherto were not used in research. Moreover, the judiciary and the appeals systems were described in the projects of the constitution of the Free City of Danzig (Danzig Senate from 1807, a project by the mayor of Danzig – Gottlieb Hufeland, as well as a project by the French resident Nicolas Massias). However, these plans were not introduced but they were substituted by the rules and regulations of the Revision Commissions. This serves as an illustration of the French influence on the law in Danzig in the Napoleonic era of the Free City. Also the appeal process in the Napoleonic Free City of Danzig was presented against the backdrop of the general history of appeals in the course of legal cases before the judiciary in Danzig. This facilitates the observation of the changes which took place in the course of legal cases throughout history. In particular, it helps in the observations made at the turn of the 18th century as it was the period when the law transformed from Feudalism to Bourgeoisie.
Loterie jako instrumenty pozyskiwania dochodów państwa w polskim prawie skarbowym w latach 1768-1871
Authors: Duda-Hyz Michalina
Published: October 2018

Lottery is considered to be the first institutionalized form of gambling in Poland, just like in other European countries. The purpose of the introduction of the lottery was to bring funds to the Crown treasury and to the Lithuanian treasury. Subsequently, it was seized by the treasury with the simultaneous stipulation that only the state has the right to organize and receive income from lottery games. This was connected with the creation of a new fiscal prerogative which can be treated as the prototype of the state’s monopoly on the lottery. It is still present in the current regulation pertaining to gambling. Also some of the forms of public burden connected with organizing the lottery, i.e. the tributes charged for the organization of gambling games, seem to possess features similar to contemporary taxes levied for games.The article presents the lotteries which were organized in order to acquire funds for the state treasury from the period of the First Polish Republic until 1871. Furthermore, the paper narrowed the scope of the research to the lotteries which were organized according to the Polish law in order to acquire income for the treasury of the Duchy of Warsaw, the Kingdom of Poland and the Republic of Cracow. The considerations concentrate on the issue of acquiring income for the state from the activity consisting of organizing gambling games. And to be more specific, it concentrates on the type of public tributes which can be construed as the prototype of the present taxes on gambling.
Kariera agens vice praefectorum praetorio Luciliusa Crispusa i chronologia utworzenia stanowiska wikariusza diecezjalnego w Poncie
Authors: Smorczewski Łukasz
Published: October 2018

The aim of the following article is to present chronologically the creation of the position of the diocese vicar in Pontus. The act of creation of the diocese was ascribed to emperor Diocletian according to the previously prevalent concept of historiography. However, this position is currently gradually criticized. The main source material which enables the dating of the territorial reform of the Roman state is the Verona List, which is also called Laterculus Veronensis. The document presents the earliest period of shaping ofthe diocese structure as well as the subscriptions of the bishops who authorized the decisions taken at the First Council of Nicaea. Besides the aforementioned evidence, another extremely significant source is the prosopographical data from the officials serving in the rank of vicarii and comites provinciarum in the late Roman period. In case of the Pontus diocese, we have at our disposal inscriptions which present the career of Lucilius Crispus as agens vice praefectorum praetorio. A detailed analysis of the epigraphical data facilitated the process of the dating of the term of office of this regional functionary. It can be ascertained that he performed his function at the time of the reign of emperor Galerius (terminus a quo at the end of November 308). His place of residence was in Galatian Ancyra. The next official of this rank was noted in relations between Lactantiusand Eusebius of Caesarea during the reign of Licinius (circa 313). This anonymous vice-prefect resided in Nicomedia at the time. Additional data is provided by hagiographic sources which describe the fate of Galatian martyrs and it also made note of two vicars, namely Domitianus and Aggripinus. However, the portrayal of the legal situation in the period of tetrarchy which was presented in the said sources raises reasonable doubts concerningtheir credibility. Nevertheless, both agentes (Lucilius Crispus and the anonymous vice-prefect of Licinius’) operated in the Black Sea region as extraordinary delegates of the praetorio prefect without the formation of a permanent organ of local administration. The implementationof a diocesan organisation most probably took place during the independent reign of Constantine the Great. Only then was it possible to carry out a consistent and permanent separation of jurisdiction of individual officials who had vice sacra iudicans jurisdiction. A passage, hitherto disregarded by historians, which comes from Vita Constantini points to this. Moreover, it explicitly states the name of the Pontus diocese. It allows the datingof terminus ante quem appointment of the Black Sea regional unit on the 19th of July 325.
Korespondencja więźniów z obozu w Auschwitz w świetle akt Sądu Grodzkiego w Krakowie z lat 1946–1950
Authors: Przewoźnik Sylwia
Published: October 2018

The Auschwitz concentration camp was established in 1940. It was the largest Nazi concentration camp situated on the territory of the occupied Poland. It was also an extermination camp of the prisoners incarcerated there. The Jews and the Poles were the largest national groups which were confined to the Nazi camp in Auschwitz. In January of 1945, the Auschwitz camp was liberated by the Red Army. The following article is based on the archives of Cracow Magistrate’s Court from 1946 until 1950 which are accompanied by the prisoner correspondence from the Nazi death camp in Auschwitz.
Armenii droga do leninowsko-kemalowskiego rozbioru (1917–1921)
Authors: Lityński Adam
Published: October 2018

After the February Revolution of 1917 in Russia, the former nations of the Russian Empire searched for the possibility of forming their own independent countries. The situation was the same with three nations of Transcaucasia, namely Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. After the separatist Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (signed on the 3rd of March 1918), Bolshevik Russia in practice gave away the Transcaucasia region to Germany and Turkey. Especially Turkey assumed an aggressive and annexationist stance at the time. And it was the Armenians who mainly put up the resistance. Armenia, together with Azerbaijan and Georgia, first created the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic. However, the state was short-lived and it soon collapsed due to different approaches to preserving independence by the three countries. Azerbaijan tried to unite with Turkey, Georgia with Germany,while Armenia counted on the White movement Russians (led by General Denikin). Each of the three countries formed separate independent republics and one of them was the First Republic of Armenia. Germany and Turkey lost the First World War soon after but Caucasia was first attacked from the north by the White General Anton Denikin, who was supported by England and France. And later (in 1920) the country was invaded by the Bolsheviks. The Bolsheviks, thanks to the military might of the Red Army, overthrew the independent governments of those republics one by one. Subsequently, they introduced their own governments and annexed the countries into the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). The RSFSR signed the Treaty of Brotherhood with Turkey on the 16th of March 1921, which was mainly directed against Great Britain and France. In order to realize this alliance, Russia and Turkey divided between themselves the Armenianlands.
„Jesteśmy tu dla Polski”. III Rada Narodowa RP wobec wydarzeń w kraju (1949–1951)
Authors: Tarka Krzysztof
Published: October 2018

The article presents discussions on the situation in Poland which took place at the forum of the Third National Council. The Council was appointed by the president of Poland in Exile August Zaleski in 1949. It was vicariously performing some of the functions of the Parliament and as such it was an advisory body to the president and to the government. Its term of office lasted for two years (between 1949 and 1951). Polish authorities in exileregarded Poland as an occupied country and that it was ruled by imposed agents. News coming from the country indicated that the communists ruling in Poland were steering it toward its total sovietisation. Politicians in emigration appealed numerous times to their fellow countrymen in the homeland not to undertake armed combat. They feared that an anti-communist uprising would end in disaster. Their goal was free Poland, independent and whole. However, they could not create a programme which would enable achieving this goal.
Wymiary zależności a formy autonomii i autarkii polskiej politologii: Odpowiedź na komentarze
Authors: Warczok Tomasz , Zarycki Tomasz
Published: October 2018

Niniejszy artykuł stanowi jeden z głosów w dyskusji nad półperyferyjnym charakterem systemów produkcji naukowej, dla której pretekstem była publikacja książki Gra peryferyjna Tomasza Warczoka i Tomasza Zaryckiego. Autorzy odpowiadają w nim na dwa głosy polemiczne w dyskusji, skupiając się na zagrożeniach materialistycznej korekty teorii Pierre’a Bourdieu i hegemonicznej pozycji inteligencji jako czynnika kształtującego polskie pole nauk społecznych.
Modern Animal Production and Animal Welfare
Authors: Herbut Eugeniusz
Published: October 2018

The aim of the paper is to discuss the links between modern livestock production, including its techniques and concentration, with animal welfare requirements. Modern livestock production is related to modern facilities, precise livestock production, as well as intensive and high stocking density. At the same time, it requires providing the animals with minimal living conditions, i.e. the welfare set out in the relevant regulations. This in turn should guarantee a good quality of raw livestock materials and products.
Turbidity and Quantity of Sediment Particles During the Regeneration of Chemical Solutions after Cleaning of Brewing Equipment in the CIP System
Authors: Piepiórka-Stepuk Joanna
Published: October 2018

The paper presents results of analysis of turbidity changes in washing solutions and the quantity of solid particles present in them during regeneration under various temperature conditions. Three solutions taken from breweries after the process of washing brewhouse equipment in the CIP system were evaluated. The results were subjected to statistical analysis, to define the functions that characterize the changes of the tested parameters in relation to time and temperature. The results showed that the tested solutions have different favourable conditions for their regeneration. It has also been shown that the character of changes in solutions in the regeneration process is more advantageously determined on the basis of turbidity tests of solutions.
Comparative Analysis of Peat Fibre Properties and Peat Fibre-Based Knits Flammability
Authors: Mikucioniene Daiva , Cepukone Lina , Salmeia Khalifah A. , Gaan Sabyasachi
Published: October 2018

A very promising cellulose-based natural fibre that is suitable for use in the textile industry is peat fibre. This fibre is a by-product of peat excavation, purified by separating it from other components. In this study, the morphological, chemical and mechanical properties of peat fibres as well as flammability of peat-based knitted fabrics were analysed. The average diameter of the peat fibres is ~60 μm, but it varies in very wide ranges – 25–150 μm; however, the number of fibres with diameter more than 100 μm is very low. As the peat fibre contains a high amount of lignin, lignin amount in the mixed peat/cotton yarn is relatively high too. Lignin is responsible for enhanced flame retardancy; therefore, time to ignition of the peat knit is ~30% higher than that of the cotton knit. Consequently, peat fibre can be used in the knitted structure in order to significantly reduce its flammability. In order to increase the flame retardancy, the knits have been treated by flame retardant in various concentrations. It was found that around the burned hole on the peat knit, treated by very low concentration flame retardant, forms charred area and the knit stops to burn even if the flame source is not removed.
Length-weight relationships of six freshwater fish species from Lake Kirkkojärvi, Finland
Authors: Gama José , Nyberg Maria
Published: October 2018

Length-weight relationships (LWRs) and length-length relationships (LLRs) were determined for six fish species: Alburnus alburnus, Blicca bjoerkna, Gymnocephalus cernua, Perca fluviatilis, Rutilus rutilus and Sander lucioperca caught using a Nordic multi-mesh gill net in Lake Kirkkojärvi in Southwestern Finland in August 2015. The measurements were done using a photographic method and the dataset is available on the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN). The dataset was done with a scientific catch, which showed lower limits on specimen size than the ones from fisheries. The LWRs were calculated for the total length (TL) and found to be consistent with models from Finland. The length measurements were taken to the nearest 0.01 cm, which also allowed for juveniles to be represented in the model. The goodness of fit of the models is high, with the coefficients of determination above 95%. This study is the first one to estimate LWRs of fish species for this hypereutrophic lake, and is useful for fishery managers and biologists.