bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Perceived Organizational Support terhadap Kinerja Dokter di Rumah Sakit Kota Makassar
Authors: Pasinringi Syahrir Andi , Shalihah A. Amirah , Sari Nurmala
Published: May 2020

Dokter adalah salah satu tenaga professional yang memiliki peranan penting dalam pelayanan rumah sakit. Persepsi dokter terkait dukungan organisasi dapat menumbuhkan kepercayaan dan kinerja dokter terhadap rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan Perceived Organizational Support (POS) terhadap kinerja dokter di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kelas B Kota Makassar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Total sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 126 responden dipilih dengan teknik simple random sampling. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji korelasi pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara perceived organizational support terhadap kinerja dokter dengan nilai p 0,010 < 0,05. POS memiliki hubungan terhadap kinerja dokter sehingga rumah sakit perlu meningkatkan keterlibatan dokter dengan menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang supportif dan menyusun program inovasi untuk meningkatkan rasa kepercayaan dokter terhadap rumah sakit.
Efektivitas Penanganan Keluhan Pasien Pelayanan Kesehatan di Rumah Sakit Bahteramas Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Suhadi Suhadi , Maidin Alimin , Palutturi Sukri , Bahar Burhanuddin , Nurmaladewi Nurmaladewi , Astuty Esti
Published: May 2020

Rumah Sakit sebagai lembaga pemberi pelayanan kesehatan tidak hanya mengedepankan pelayanan yang cepat dan mudah diakses oleh masyarakat, tetapi pelayanan yang diberikan harus bermutu dan memuaskan bagi pasien. Salah satu ukuran keberhasilan pelayanan tersebut adalah adanya sistem penanganan keluhan yang paripurna. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah menganalisis efektifitas penanganan keluhan pelayanan kesehatan di Rumah Sakit Bahteramas Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Jenis penelitian ini kualitatif, dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Informan adalah pasien dan petugas RS. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan wawancara mendalam, observasi dan telaah dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukan umumnya penanganan keluhan pelayanan kesehatan di RS belum seluruhnya efektif dalam pelaksanaannya, masih mengalami permasalahan meliputi adanya hambatan penanganankeluhan, ketidakjelasan informasi penanganan keluhan, sebagian ada penolakan penanganan keluhan, lambatnya penanganan keluhan, kurangnya rasa simpati petugas, kurangnya solusi penanganan keluhan, tidak ada penjelasan petugas, tidak terdapat unit penanganan keluhan. Pelaksanaan penanganan keluhan pelayanan kesehatan di RS Bahteramas belum efektif, masih terdapat beberapa permasalahan yang dihadapi yaitu pada aspek mutu pelayanan, perilaku organisasi dan sumber daya pelayanan. Perlunya pihak RS melakukan perbaikan kebijakan, perbaikan manajemen pelayanan, pendidikan dan pelatihan bagi petugas, dan pemenuhan kebutuhan sumber daya pelayanan.
Perilaku Menyusui pada Ibu dengan HIV-AIDS di Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: Ghazali Pariawan Lutfi , Maulida Faizia
Published: May 2020

World Health Organization (WHO) merekomendasikan pemberian ASI eksklusif selama 6 bulan untuk anak yang lahir dari ibu terinfeksi HIV yang telah mendapatkan terapi ARV. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui persepsi, perilaku, dan faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku menyusui pada ibu dengan HIV-AIDS di Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam dan observasi sebagai metode pengambilan data. Subjek penelitian adalah ibu menyusui dengan HIV-AIDS, keluarga, dan pendamping. Validitas data diuji dengan metode triangulasi sumber. Data penelitian diolah dengan metode perbandingan tetap. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ibu menyusui dengan HIV-AIDS di Yogyakarta berpendapat proses memberikan asupan gizi kepada bayi merupakan kodrat seorang perempuan yang tidak dapat digantikan oleh siapapun. Perilaku menyusui ibu dengan HIV-AIDS di Yogyakarta terbagi menjadi ibu yang memberikan susu formula, ASI, dan donor ASI. Faktor yang memengaruhi perilaku menyusui ibu dengan HIV-AIDS di Yogyakarta, yaitu faktor internal dan dukungan dari keluarga, pendamping, tenaga kesehatan, serta teman sebaya. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ibu menyusui dengan HIV-AIDS memiliki alasan terkait risiko penularan HIV dalam memutuskan perilaku menyusui.
The Effect of Psychosocial Stress on the Incidence of Hypertension in Rural and Urban Communities
Authors: Istiana Mira , Yeni Yeni
Published: May 2020

The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia increased to 34.1% in 2018. Hypertension incidence was higher in rural than urban. Psychosocial stress was hypertension risk factors. Individuals with psychosocial stress 3 times at risk get hypertension. The purpose was to determine effect of psychosocial stress on hypertension in rural and urban communities. A cross sectional study design with secondary data IFLS 5 in 2014. Sample was respondents of IFLS 5 who ≥15 years old and had blood pressure measurement data. The sample size was 10.008 in rural and 16,057 urban. Data analysis use complex sample as secondary data analysis technique by considering weighting when analyzing data. The results showed the hypertension was 29.7% in rural and 31.3% in urban. In rural, psychosocial stress increases the risk of hypertension after being controlled for age, sex, education, economic, marital status and BMI (PR = 1,108; 95% CI = 1,016-1,209). In urban, psychosocial stress increases the risk of hypertension after being controlled by age, sex, education, economic, marital status, BMI and tobacco consumption (PR=1,174; 95% CI=1,032-1,335). Psychosocial stress was a risk factor for hypertension. The importance of providing hypertension prevention education such as stress management techniques to prevent hypertension in integrated assistance post (Posbindu).
Status Gizi dan Sosial Ekonomi sebagai Penyebab Anemia Ibu Hamil
Authors: Martha Evi , Hayati Herlena
Published: May 2020

Prevalensi anemia ibu hamil sebesar 37,1%, sebanyak 51,5% diantaranya menyebabkan kematian maternal secara tidak langsung. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui status gizi dan sosial ekonomi penyebab anemia ibu hamil di RSUD AM Parikesit Tenggarong Tahun 2017. Jenis penelitian ini kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional dan Rapid Assessment Procedures (RAP). Kuantitatif menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 214 ibu hamil. Kualitatif menggunakan content analysis sebanyak 37 informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan (p = 0,027) antara status gizi dengan anemia ibu hamil setelah di kontrol dengan kepemilikan rumah, riwayat pertolongan persalinan, jarak kehamilan dan paritas. Faktor sosial ekonomi seperti pemilikan rumah berperan dalam asupan zat besi. Hasil penelitian kualitatif menunjukkan konsumsi heme nabati adalah konsumsi terbanyak pada ibu yang anemia, selain rendahnya kepatuhan ibu hamil dalam mengonsumsi tablet Fe. Sebaliknya, pada ibu hamil yang tidak anemia konsumsi heme hewani adalah konsumsi sehari-hari mereka, hampir seluruhnya patuh dalam konsumsi tablet Fe. Diperlukan kerjasama lintas program dan sektoral, penyediaan sumber karbohidrat dan protein hewani yang murah dan terjangkau oleh masyarakat ekonomi menengah ke bawah, penyediaan sumber vitamin dan mineral yang membantu proses penyerapan zat besi.
Prevalensi dan Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Terjadinya Beban Gizi Ganda pada Keluarga di Indonesia
Authors: Astuti Nur Fitri Widya , Huriyati Emy , Susetyowati Susetyowati
Published: May 2020

Perkembangan urbanisasi dan ekonomi pada negara berkembang menyebabkan terjadinya nutrition transition. Hal ini mengakibatkan munculnya fenomena beban gizi ganda pada keluarga dimana terdapat anggota rumah tangga yang memiliki status gizi kurang dan lebih tinggal dalam satu keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan fenomena beban gizi ganda pada keluarga di Indonesia. Penelitian cross-sectional ini menggunakan data Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) tahun 2014 dengan jumlah sampel sebesar 6468 keluarga. Indikator beban gizi ganda keluarga ditunjukkan dengan adanya status gizi lebih dan kurang tinggal dalam satu keluarga yang diwakili oleh ibu dan anak. Analisis statistik dengan metode chi-square digunakan untuk menguji variabel yang memiliki hubungan dengan terjadinya beban gizi ganda keluarga. Hasil menunjukkan prevalensi beban gizi ganda keluarga di Indonesia adalah 8,27% dan persentase tertinggi terdapat pada regional Kalimantan dan Indonesia Timur. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian beban gizi ganda secara signififikan (p<0,05) pada keluarga di Indonesia adalah usia ibu (p = 0,001), pendidikan ibu (p = 0,022), jumlah anak (p = 0,001) dan jumlah anggota rumah tangga (p = 0,001). Penelitian lanjutan dengan metode longitudinal diperlukan untuk mengetahui prediktor beban gizi ganda pada keluarga di Indonesia sehingga dapat dirumuskan intervensi yang tepat untuk pencegahan masalah tersebut.
Comparison of Chemoradiotherapy and Radical Radiotherapy in Patients With Cervical Cancer
Authors: Yetmen Dogan Ozlem , Sahinler Ismet
Published: May 2020

Introduction: The current study aimed at comparing the results of radical radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with cervical cancer and evaluating the prognostic factors.
Methods: CRT is the standard of care for locally advanced cervical cancer with the five-year survival rate of 30%–80%. In 1978-2006, a total of 716 patients with cervical cancer stage IB2-IVB were retrospectively analyzed for RT and CRT. In intracavitary brachytherapy, the median dose was 24 Gy and follow-up was 78 months. CRT was treated with 45 Gy external radiotherapy with cisplatin 40 mg/m2 given once a week.
Results: The five-year pelvic control rate was 56.2% in the radical RT arm and 75.8% in the combined arm (P=0.01); disease-free survival and overall survival rates were 47%-56.3% (P=0.09) and 44.9%-52.5% (P=0.03), respectively. Treatment failure was detected in 317(50.5%) of 627 patients in the RT arm and in 30 (33.7%) of 89 patients
in the CRT arm (Chi-squared value=8.86, P<0.01). Treatment failure rate was high in the 1st two years. Distant metastases were detected in 116 patients in the RT and 17 patients in the CRT arms. Hematological side effect rates in the CRT arm -anemia, thrombopenia, and leukopenia- were 33.7%, 13.5%, and 28.1%, respectively. The prevalence of rectitis, cystitis, and skin and subcutaneous fibrosis in the RT arm was 9.4%, 4.8%, and 2.2%, and in the CRT arm was 12.4%, 11.2%, and 13.5%, respectively.
Conclusions: CRT increased pelvic control and overall survival rate based on the findings; it can be the preferred treatment modality because of its high response rate and acceptable toxicity.
A importância da investigação–ação no desenvolvimento profissional docente: critérios para sua adoção em teses de doutorado em Educação
Authors: Schnetzler Roseli Pacheco
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo discute a importância da investigação-ação (IA) no desenvolvimento profissional docente e propõe alguns critérios para a sua adoção em teses de doutorado em Educação. Para tal, a autora se apoia em referências expressivas da literatura sobre a temática e em sua experiência de ter orientado seis trabalhos de IA na pós-graduação em Educação. Um breve histórico sobre IA é apresentado, destacando suas características metodológicas e seu papel em parcerias colaborativas de professores e formadores de professores.
Educação e Relações de Gênero na zona da mata sul pernambucana: aproximações entre meio rural, relações de gênero e formação de professores de Química
Authors: Peixoto Mylena Lahana Gouveia , Bezerra Nielson da Silva
Published: May 2020

A Educação das Relações de Gênero é também a Educação que está inserida na defesa e manutenção dos Direitos Humanos, sendo, desse modo, uma das guardiãs da democracia. Nosso referencial metodológico foi a pesquisa qualitativa de cunho participante, apoiada na técnica de Grupo Focal com mulheres que participam dos projetos educativos do Centro de Desenvolvimento Agroecológico Sabiá. As relações opressoras entre masculino/feminino afetam nossa sociedade de uma forma estrutural. A Formação de Professores não deve ficar de fora dessa discussão, considerando que a escola é uma das instituições sociais que devem contribuir para a construção de uma sociedade mais justa e solidária. Consideramos ser essencial para a Formação do Professor de Química o estudo do tema das Relações de Gênero. Apenas a busca firme por uma educação em consonância com a defesa dos Direitos Humanos pode, de fato, colaborar para a construção de uma sociedade mais justa e solidária.
Formação e trabalho dos cirurgiões-dentistas na União Europeia
Authors: Cardoso Andréa Lanzillotti , Rendeiro Márcia Maria Pereira , Queiróz Celso da Silva , Souza Fernanda Nunes de , Ribeiro Rhayany de Castro Lindenblatt
Published: May 2020

O objetivo do estudo é apresentar a situação atual da de Odontologia na União Europeia, no que tange à formação, ao trânsito de cirurgiões-dentistas, à regulação profissional e às especialidades odontológicas. Para tanto, pautou-se em uma análise documental e revisão bibliográfica da literatura. Foram incluídos apenas artigos científicos publicados na íntegra, em português ou inglês, no período de 2009 a 2018, que estivessem relacionados ao tema da pesquisa. A busca dos artigos foi realizada nas bases de dados SciELO, LILACS e PubMed, por meio da combinação dos descritores: “Trabalho/Work”, “Odontologia/Odontology”, “Educação Superior/Education, Higher”, “União Europeia/European Union”. O estudo demonstrou que a União Europeia detém em uma só legislação normas que regulam o trânsito dos cirurgiões-dentistas, embora o domínio da língua pareça ser um entrave à circulação. Ademais, a harmonização da formação da Odontologia foi pactuada no bloco. Nesse sentido, a União Europeia manda recados para o MERCOSUL, do qual o Brasil faz parte. Interessante e necessária é a absorção pelo MERCOSUL das experiências exitosas e desfechos já encontrados pela União Europeia, nesse desafio de planificar a educação superior e o trânsito de cirurgiões-dentistas, considerando as peculiaridades que o compõem.
Germiyanoğlu Vakıflar Hamamı
Authors: ÖNER YALÇIN Sibel , DEMİRCİ Mehmet
Published: May 2020

Amaç: Denizli’nin tarihi dokusunun önemli bir parçası olan Germiyanoğlu Vakıflar Hamamı’nın tarihi, günümüzdeki durumu ve şehrin sosyo kültürel yaşamına katkıları ile ilgili bilgi vermek ve akademik yazına kazandırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Hamam ile ilgili bilgilere ulaşmak için 2019 Mayıs ayında Denizli Müze Müdürlüğü Arşivi’nden kurumun izni alınarak fotoğraf ve hamamın yapısal özelliklerine ilişkin bilgilere ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca Hamam’ın işletmecisi ile görüşülmüş ve fotoğraflar çekilerek belgeler toplanmıştır. Selçuklu dönemi hamam yapısı ve hamam kültürünü değerlendirmek için akademik yazın incelenmiş dönemin hamamları ile Germiyanoğlu Vakıflar Hamamı’nın ortak yönleri bakımından bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır.Bulgular: Denizli’deki Germiyanoğlu Vakıflar Hamamı 774 yıllık bir geçmişe sahiptir. Kitabesi bulunmayan hamamın temelinin şehrin ilk Selçuklu Valisi Esedüddin Ayaz tarafından atıldığı, ikinci Vali Seyfeddin Karasungur zamanında 1246 yılında yapımının tamamlandığı düşünülmektedir. Denizli’nin önemli tarihi yapıları arasında yer alan hamam sıcaklık, ılıklık, soğukluk ve külhan bölümlerinin bulunuşu ile Türk hamam mimarisinin tipik bir örneğidir. Germiyanoğlu Vakıflar Hamamı kadınlar ve erkekler bölümüne sahip olduğu için çifte hamam, kullanım amacına göre, genel halk hamamı veya çarşı hamamı tarzında inşa edilmiştir. Halk arasında, önemli gezginler olarak bilinen İbn Batuta ve Evliya Çelebi’nin yanı sıra Yıldırım Beyazıt’ın da hamamı ziyaret ettiği ve yıkandığına inanılmaktadır. Günümüzde erkekler bölümü hamam olarak kullanılan tarihi yapının, kadınlar bölümü bir tekstil firmasının satış mağazası olarak kullanılmaktadır.Sonuç: Denizli’de yer alan Germiyanoğlu Vakıflar Hamamı 13. yüzyıl Selçuklu Dönemi Türk hamamlarının özelliklerini taşımaktadır. Hamam erkekler ve kadınlar hamamı olarak iki bölüm şeklinde inşa edilmiş, ancak günümüzde sadece erkekler bölümü aktif olarak kullanılmaktadır. Çeşitli dönemlerde aslına uygun olarak restore edilen hamam, Türk hamam kültürünün yaşatılması açısından önemli bir yapıdır.
The Scenario of a Pandemic Spread of the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is Based on a Statistical Fallacy
Authors: Kuhbandner Christof
Published: May 2020

In view of the rapidly increasing numbers of reported new coronavirus infections, many speak of an upcoming pandemic. However, since the number of conducted coronavirus tests has rapidly increased over time as well, the apparent increase in infections may actually reflect increased testing, rather than a rapid spread of the coronavirus. To examine this issue, data from Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, and USA were analyzed. In all countries, the rapid increase in reported new infections was largely attributable to the rapid increase in conducted tests. Statistically controlling for the increased amount of testing revealed that the increases in reported infections dramatically overestimate the true increases in every country. According to the estimated true courses of new infections, the increases were initially much smaller, and the courses of new infections have already flattened or are even decreasing since the beginning of calendar week 13 (March 23) in almost all countries. The courses of reported new infections and deaths started to increase almost simultaneously in every country, which further confirms that the increases in reported new infections reflect effects of increased testing. These results indicate that the scenario of a coronavirus pandemic is based on a statistical fallacy.
The effect of social-cultural factors on foreign students' well being: Evidence from Thailand universities
Authors: Tung Dao Duy
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study was the primary focus of the international students remains on the academic adjustment aspect, which stays as the cornerstone of their well-being and satisfaction. The questionnaire data collected from four universities, both public and private, were analyzed to provide proof. The results from methods analyzing data stated that there was a positive impact of social-cultural factors affecting well-being. And this research finds no significant evidence of the difference in levels of adaptation between male and female students. The finding also implies that the university and the authority should focus on the positives of the issue, possibly needs some more attention to derive benefits from this potent sector.
Finding an interaction between Stroop congruency and flanker congruency requires a large congruency effect: A within-trial combination of conflict tasks
Authors: Rey-Mermet Alodie
Published: May 2020

Responding to a conflict is assumed to trigger attentional-control processes, that is, processes that enable us to activate goal-relevant information and to inhibit irrelevant information. Typically, conflict is induced in tasks, such as the Stroop task (which requires identifying the color of color words) or the flanker task (which requires identifying a central character among flankers). Combining the conflicts within the same trial has been found to result in an interaction in reaction times (RTs), suggesting a generalization of attentional control. However, this interaction was observed when the congruency effect was substantial, that is, when the RT difference between incongruent trials (e.g., the word “green” printed in red for the Stroop task) and congruent trials (e.g., the word “red” printed in red) was large. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether a large congruency effect is the necessary condition for observing the interaction. To this end, Stroop and flanker tasks were combined, and participants were asked to respond to the color of central letter/word while ignoring the flanking letters/words. The magnitude of the congruency effect was increased: (a) by testing older adults (Exp. 1), (b) by manipulating the proportion of trials in which participants were asked to respond to the word meaning (Exp. 2), and (c) by using vocal responses (Exp. 3). The results showed an interaction when the Stroop congruency effect was large. Therefore, such interactions can be used to validate or invalidate theoretical explanations only when the precondition – a large congruency effect – is fulfilled.
Scientific Tags
Authors: Lobo Matheus Pereira
Published: May 2020

An alternative model of scientific tags is proposed in addition to the present publishing system of articles.
Zero-Shot Learning and its Applications from Autonomous Vehicles to COVID-19 Diagnosis: A Review
Authors: Rezaei Mahdi , Shahidi Mahsa
Published: May 2020

The challenge of learning a new concept, object, or a new medical disease recognition without receiving any examples beforehand is called Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL). One of the major issues in deep learning-based methodologies such as in Medical Imaging, Autonomous Systems and other real-world applications is the requirement of feeding a large annotated and labelled datasets, prepared by an expert human to train the network model. ZSL is known for having minimal human intervention by mainly relying only on previously known concepts and current auxiliary information. This is ever-growing research for the cases where we have very limited or no datasets available and at the same time, the detection/recognition system has human-like characteristics in learning new concepts. Therefore, it makes it applicable in real-world scenarios, from developing autonomous vehicles to medical imaging and COVID-19 Chest X-Ray (CXR) based diagnosis. In this review paper, we present the definition of the problem, we review over fundamentals, and the challenging steps of Zero-Shot Learning, including state-of-the-art categories of solutions as well as our recommended solution, motivations behind each approach, and their advantages over each category to guide the researchers to proceed with the best techniques and practices based on their applications. Inspired from different settings and extensions, we introduce a novel and broaden solution called one/few-shot learning. We then review through different image datasets inducing medical and non-medical images, the variety of splits, and the evaluation protocols proposed so far. Finally, we discuss the recent applications and future directions of ZSL. We aim to convey a useful intuition through this paper towards the goal of handling complex computer vision learning tasks more similar to the way humans learn. We mainly focus on two applications in the current modern yet challenging era: copping with an early and fast diagnosis of COVID-19 cases in the 2020 pandemic, as well as helping to develop safer autonomous systems, such as self-driving cars and ambulances.
A list of notations and mathematical definitions for Abstract Algebra organized by tags
Authors: Lobo Matheus Pereira
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this paper is organizational for it presents a list of notations and mathematical definitions used in some results of abstract algebra.
PERANGKAT LUNAK KOMPUTER
Authors: asiah nur
Published: May 2020

perangkat lunak  komputer adalah sebuah data yang diprogram dan disimpan secara digital yang tidak terlihat secara fisik tetapi terdapat dalam komputer. perangkat lunak dapat berupa program atau menjalan suatu perintah atau intruksi yang dengan melalui perangkat lunak komputer dapat beroperasi atau menjalankan suatu perintah. Perangkat lunak juga dapat dikatakan adalah penggerak dan pengontrol perangkat keras.Perangkat lunak dibuat dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman yang ditulis atau diciptakan oleh programmer yang selanjutnya dikompilasi dengan aplikasi kompiler sehingga menjadi sebuah kode yang nantinya akan dikenali oleh mesin perangkat keras.AbstractComputer Software is a data that is programmed and stored digitally,which is not physically visible but is contained in a computer. The software can be a program or run a command orinstruction which through computer software can operate or experience a command. The software is created by using a programming language that is writen or created by programmers who are then compiled with a compiler application so that it becomes a code that will be recognized by the hardware engine.
Permeability computation of high resolution µCTscan with an unfitted boundary method to improve accuracy
Authors: Lesueur Martin , Rattez Hadrien , Colomés Oriol
Published: May 2020

Flow simulations on porous media, reconstructed from Micro-Computerised Tomography (μCT)-scans, is becoming a common tool to compute the permeability of rocks. In order for the value of this homogenised hydraulic property to be representative of the rock at a continuum scale, the sample considered needs to be at least as large as the Representative Elementary Volume. More- over, the numerical discretisation of the digital rock needs to be fine enough to reach numerical convergence. In the particular case of Finite Elements (FE), studies have shown that simulations should use structured meshes at least two times finer than the original image resolution in order to reach the mesh convergence. These two conditions and the increased resolution of μCT-scans to observe finer details of the microstructure, can lead to extremely computationally expensive numerical simulations. In order to reduce this cost, we couple a FE numerical model for Stokes flow in porous media with an unfitted boundary method, which allows to improve results precision for coarse meshes. Indeed, this method enables to obtain a definition of the pore-grain interface as precise as for a conformal mesh, without a computationally expensive and complex mesh generation for μCT-scans of rocks. From the benchmark of three different rock samples, we observe a clear improvement of the mesh convergence for the permeability value using the unfitted boundary method. An accurate permeability value is obtained for a mesh coarser than the initial image resolution. The method is then applied to a large sample of a high resolution μCT-scan to showcase its advantage.
Keeping an Insecure Career under Control: The Longitudinal Interplay of Career Insecurity, Self-Management, and Self-Efficacy
Authors: Alisic Aida , Wiese Bettina S.
Published: May 2020

Career insecurity is a central topic in career research because many career paths are characterized by high levels of uncertainty. In academia, individuals face not only high levels of insecurity in the early career phase but also the responsibility of managing their careers by themselves. Building on the motivational theory of life-span development and the social cognitive theory of self-regulation, this longitudinal study investigates the relationship between perceived career insecurity, work-related self-management, and occupational self-efficacy beliefs based on a sample of 3,118 PhD students and PhD holders. We employed the random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) to separate between-person effects from within-person effects across eight measurement points (6-month time intervals). At the between-person level, career insecurity was negatively correlated with self-management and self-efficacy. At the within-person level, (a) increases in self-management and self-efficacy predicted decreases in subsequent career insecurity, and (b) increases in career insecurity predicted decreases in subsequent self-management and self-efficacy. Mediation analyses showed self-management to reduce career insecurity via increases in self-efficacy.
The effect of norm-based messages on reading and understanding COVID-19 pandemic response governmental rules
Authors: Bilancini Ennio , Boncinelli Leonardo , Capraro Valerio , Celadin Tatiana , Di Paolo Roberto
Published: May 2020

The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) threatens the lives of millions of people around the world, making it the largest health threat in recent times. Billions of people around the world are asked to adhere to strict shelter-in-place rules, finalised to slow down the spread of the virus. Appeals and messages are being used by leaders and policy-makers to promote pandemic response. Given the stakes at play, it is thus important for social scientists to explore which messages are most effective in promoting pandemic response. In fact, some papers in the last month have explored the effect of several messages on people’s intentions to engage in pandemic response behaviour. In this paper, we make two contributions. First, we explore the effect of messages on people’s actual engagement, and not on intentions. Specifically, our dependent variables are the level of understanding of official COVID-19 pandemic response governmental informative panels, measured through comprehension questions, and the time spent on reading these rules. Second, we test a novel set of appeals built through the theory of norms. One message targets the personal norm (what people think is the right thing to do), one targets the descriptive norm (what people think others are doing), and one targets the injunctive norm (what people think others approve or disapprove of). Our experiment is conducted online with a representative (with respect to gender, age, and location) sample of Italians. Norms are made salient using a flier. We find that norm-based fliers had no effect on comprehension and on time spent on the panels. These results suggest that norm-based interventions through fliers have very little impact on people’s reading and understanding of COVID-19 pandemic response governmental rules.
Theoretical distinction between functional states in working memory and their corresponding neural states
Authors: Stokes Mark G. , Muhle-Karbe Paul S. , Myers Nicholas E.
Published: May 2020

Working memory (WM) is important for guiding behaviour, but not always immediately. Here we define a WM item that is currently relevant for guiding behaviour as the functionally ‘active’ item; whereas items maintained in WM, but not immediately relevant to behaviour, are functionally ‘latent’. Traditional neurophysiological theories of WM proposed that content is maintained via persistent neural activity (e.g., stable attractors); however, more recent theories have highlighted the potential role for ‘activity-silent’ mechanisms (e.g., short-term synaptic plasticity). Given these somewhat parallel dichotomies, it is tempting to associate functionally active and latent cognitive states of WM with persistent- activity and activity-silent neural mechanisms, respectively. In this article we caution against a one-to-one correspondence between functional and activity states. We argue that the principal theoretical requirement for active and latent WM is that the corresponding neural states play qualitatively different functional roles. We consider a number of candidate solutions, and conclude that the neurophysiological mechanisms for functionally active and latent WM items are theoretically independent of the distinction between persistent activity vs activity-silent WM.
Technology to Facilitate Telehealth in Applied Behavior Analysis
Authors: Zoder-Martell Kimberly , Markelz Andrew , Floress Margaret T. , Skriba Heather A. , Sayyah Laila E. N.
Published: May 2020

Traditionally, center-based Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapy is delivered in a face-to-face format across several sessions; however, given the recent COVID-19 pandemic, many behavior analysts practicing in ABA centers have temporarily been authorized to provide services using a telehealth model. This rapid change in service delivery has posed unique challenges for behavior analysts and families with loved ones who were receiving ABA services in centers or schools. Among one of the most pressing concerns is that behavior analysts commonly rely on direct observation of behavior to make data-based decisions regarding client treatment plans. The shift to a telehealth model in light of the COVID-19 pandemic requires behavior analysts to quickly adapt the manner in which many have been providing services. Although many behavior analysts may be familiar with various technologies, they may struggle to identify the benefits and limitations of each technology in terms of providing telehealth. Selecting an appropriate technology that allows behavior analysts to stay true to the science of behavior analysis is prudent. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of some available technologies to support telehealth that will allow behavior analysts to conduct direct observation from a remote location. The three technologies reviewed are 1) web camera, 2) Swivl, and 3) telepresence robot. Features of these technologies will be described and compared including benefits and drawbacks of each (see Table 1). Sample task analyses for using each technology are also provided.
Measuring Perceived Fitness Interdependence⸺Comment on Snyczer et al. (2020)
Authors: Columbus Simon , McAuliffe William H.B.
Published: May 2020

In a recent pre-print, Snyczer et al. (2020) propose a new measure of perceived fitness interdependence, the Perceived Fitness Interdependence (PFI) scale. Fitness Interdependence has recently been defined as “the degree to which two or more organisms influence each other’s success in replicating their genes” (Aktipis et al., 2018; see also Brown, 1999; Roberts, 2005). Perceived Fitness Interdependence consequently refers to subjective perceptions of this degree of mutual influence. Before Snyczer et al. (2020) was posted as a pre-print the manuscript was submitted to a peer-reviewed journal, for which we acted as referees. In our reviews, we raised several conceptual and methodological issues that we believed may have adversely affected the development and validation of the PFI scale in its current form. Because the pre-print is not substantively different from the submission we reviewed, we believe that our concerns still merit consideration. We briefly summarise our conceptual and methodological concerns; the full reviews follow below.
Automatic Imitation Is reduced In Narcissists but only in Egocentric Perspective-Takers
Authors: Bukowski Henryk , Samson Dana
Published: May 2020

Scientific evidence indicating that humans are tuned to rapidly notice and respond to others’ behaviors mainly stem from the laboratory observations that we spontaneously imitate others’ movements even when such imitation interferes with a task at hand. For instance, seeing another person’s index finger being lifted slows us down when tasked to lift a non-index finger. One study showed however that highly narcissistic individuals are less interfered by their tendency to imitate others, but then this was not observed in two other studies. The current study shows that highly narcissistic individuals are indeed less interfered by their spontaneous imitations but only within a fraction of the population that is characterized as highly self-centered when tasked to adopt someone else’s point of view.
Students under lockdown: Comparisons of students’ social networks and mental health before and during the COVID-19 crisis in Switzerland
Authors: Elmer Timon , Mepham Kieran , Stadtfeld Christoph
Published: May 2020

This study investigates students’ social networks and mental health before and at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020 in Switzerland, using longitudinal data collected since 2018. We analyze change on multiple dimensions of social networks(interaction, friendship, social support, co-studying) and mental health indicators (depression, anxiety, stress, loneliness) within two cohorts of Swiss undergraduatestudents experiencing the crisis (N=212), and make additional comparisons to an earlier cohort which did not experience the crisis (N=54). In within-person comparisons we find that interaction and co-studying networks had become sparser, and more students were studying alone. Furthermore, students’ levels of stress, anxiety, loneliness, and depressive symptoms got worse, compared to measures before the crisis. Stressors shifted from fears of missing out on social life to worries about health, family, friends, and their future. Exploratory analyses suggest that COVID-19 specific worries, isolation in social networks, lack of interaction and emotional support, and physical isolation were associated with negative mental health trajectories. Female students appeared to have worse mental health trajectories when controlling for different levels of social integration and COVID-19 related stressors. As universities and researchers discuss future strategies on how to combine on-site teaching with online courses, our results indicate the importance of considering social contacts in students’ mental health and offer starting points to identify and support students at higher risk of social isolation and negative psychological effects during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Mapping Organizational Culture Schemes Based on Correlational Class Analysis
Authors: Rossoni Luciano , Gonçalves Clayton Pereira , da Silva Mônica Pereira , Gonçalves Alex Ferreira
Published: May 2020

Organizational culture tends to be investigated based on organizational consensus degree, even when it is seen as shared meanings. However, sharing meanings does not imply having the same opinions. On the contrary, there may be agreement on which cultural elements are relevant, even when opinions differ from each other, a fact that enables individuals to share cultural schemes, although they disagree with each other’s answers. Recent advancements in the cultural cognition field have enabled the present tutorial article to map organizational culture schemes based on correlational class analysis. This method divides the sample into scheme classes by listing respondents based on the linear dependence degree between answers given to a questionnaire, rather than on agreement between respondents. The aim of this tutorial article is to use a scale of organizational values adapted to the Brazilian context in order to map cultural schemes based on a survey conducted with 207 workers from different companies. Results point toward two different scheme classes (reactive and resilient) that condition the effect of attitudes and organizational structure on employee appreciation and satisfaction. Besides providing a tutorial on how to use the investigated technique, the study points out its relevance for organizational culture field.
‘How’ a multidisciplinary team worked effectively to reduce injury in a professional sport environment - Pre-Print
Authors: Tee Jason , Rongen Fieke
Published: May 2020

In professional team sport, managing injury risk depends on the effective collaboration of technical/tactical coaches, strength and conditioning coaches, sports medicine practitioners and sport scientists within a multidisciplinary team (MDT). Yet, to date no research has examined how these professionals might co-ordinate their efforts. The aim of this study is to examine the processes and interactions utilized by a demonstrably effective MDT. The efficacy of the MDT was established by quantifying the injury burden of the team across two seasons. The MDT achieved a 60% reduction in team injury burden during the second season (first season 516, 95%CI 491 to 542 vs. second season 205, 95%CI 191 to 219 days/1000 hours). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with all MDT members to determine each individual’s role within the injury prevention process and how these were co-ordinated between disciplines. Thematic analysis identified three key constructs that contributed to the MDT’s success; 1) shared values, 2) expertise and 3) the effective operationalization of underpinning values and expertise. Shared values expressed by the MDT members included ‘future performance is driven by healthy performers’, and shared responsibility for injury prevention. All MDT members were experts in their own fields but identified that they had to learn how to be effective within the environment and required skill in building interpersonal relationships. The operationalisation of these principles took place through iterative plan-do-review cycles underpinned by sophisticated data collection and monitoring and the provision of time and resource to complete these operations. This research offers insights into “how” effective MDTs work to achieve injury reduction, and the models and processes presented will inform practice for other MDTs working in sport.
Physicochemical and Bacteriological Water Analysis of Bagmati and Bishnumati River
Authors: Shah Pradeep Kumar , Chaturwedi Shashi Bhushan
Published: May 2020

Water pollution, one of the serious environmental issues of the world, results from contaminants being introduced into the natural environment. This study was conducted in the Microbiology laboratory, DAV College, Dhobighat, Lalitpur, Nepal from January to May 2018 with aims to assess the physicochemical and microbiological status of river water of Kathmandu valley. All together 60 water samples were collected, 20 water samples each from different places of Bagmati river, Bishnumati river and river junction (Teku Dovan). The physicochemical parameters including pH, ammonia and iron, hardness and alkalinity were analyzed by standard methods and the microbiological parameters such as total mesophilic count and total coliform count were analyzed by pour plate technique. Among all 60 water samples tested, the temperature (12.8°C), BOD value (3.11 mg/l), iron value (0.87 mg/l) and turbidity (102.2NTU) were found to be highest in Bagmati river water samples whereas the value of TSS (755.2 mg/l), TDS (748.4 mg/l), copper (0.01 mg/l) and COD (911.5 PPM) were found to be highest in water of Bishnumati river. The heavy meals Manganese (0.29 mg/l) and Nickel (0.01 mg/l) were detected only in Bishnumati river water samples. The river junction water samples showed the exceeded value of DO (9.56 mg/l) and chloride (0.12 mg/l). All the 60 samples showed total mesophilic counts more than 300 cfu/ml and the average number of total mesophilic counts were found to be 5.21×106 cfu/ml. The average number of total coliform counts were found to be 2.1×105 cfu/ml in the water samples of Bagmati river, Bishnumati river and river junction. Most of the tested parameter of the samples had more than the standard value of water quality indicating the deterioration of river water quality and thus may affect the aquatic as well as human and animal lives.
Wound and Loss In Naipaul’s India: A Wounded Civilization and an Area of Darkness
Authors: Khanal Babu Ram
Published: May 2020

This study explores the pain and multifaceted loss in Naipaul’s novels: India: a Wounded Civilization and An Area of Darkness. In the first part of this research, pain and loss of the aborigines have been exposed. It challenges the nationalist discourse of the India’s progress. The second part, mapping culture through the novel is divided into two sections. The first section- "India: A Wounded Civilization" deals with the condition of India in the post independent period. It claims that India has been wounded for many centuries of British Raj. The second section follows "An Area of Darkness." Naipaul assumes that India is still in darkness. People are living in illiteracy, ignorance and poverty. In addition to caste system practiced in different communities has shadowed the pure and mounted image of India. The last section is the conclusion of the research. It sums up the whole claims and textual analysis of the research.
Small and Medium Scale Enterprises and their Role in Employment Generation in Nepal
Authors: Khatri Mukti Bahadur
Published: May 2020

SMEs have historically played an important role in contributing to employment generation of many countries around the world. Naturally all businesses start as small businesses or even start out of small businesses initiated by individuals. It is imperative to give high priority to Nepalese labor, skill and raw material based domestic investments to promote national level industries for achieving employment. This study has used regression analysis to investigate relative changes in the position of the Nepalese small and medium scale enterprises (SME's) to the employment between the time period 2046 and 2073 based on secondary data. It has examine the dynamic relationship among the SMEs and employment in Nepal and found to be significant and positive relationship in between SMEs and employment of Nepal. It implies that number of employment was seemed to be mostly influenced by number of SMEs. However it was and still is contributing significant role in employment generation in Nepal.
Issue of Federal System in Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Tara Nath
Published: May 2020

Federal process of Nepal has been guided by some major factors such as elimination of discrimination, equal regional development and political participation. Federalism has been a crucial issue of modern Nepal. The issue of federalism has not been guided by remote past as a vital demand because Nepal has adopted a long history of unitary system. But some regional and marginalized groups have been demanding it since 1950, who were struggling against discriminations. Federalism was not documented even in an initiate part of Interim Constitution 2006. It was also not agenda of Maoist Party which they had put in forty points demand letter. It wasn't materialized till peoples’ movement second. It is supposed that federalism can bring miraculous modification as to solve problems of inequity and marginalization than in the unitary system. Some political parties have documented in their manifesto that federal system is only the alternation for prosperity in Nepal. But it might be incorrect supposition. Long route of unitary system of Nepal was led by few elites, who were specially professed Hindus. Monarchy was also surrounded by prevailing castes. Due to these various reasons conflict began in Nepal which has developed as transitional movement of chronic infection. The issue of federal system is emerged by those who are struggling against discriminations and they want to abolish all kind of social discriminations, problems of regional, religion, gender, cast, and poverty. Aspirations of ownership of all segments and development of nation have guided to make federal state in Nepal.
Reviewing the Anthropological Study of Tharus in Nepal
Authors: Kharel Megh Prasad
Published: May 2020

This paper aims to review the varieties of Tharu anthropological writings in Nepal. It is clear that the basic notion of reviewing any area study is to pave the way for further studies as it reveals the departure and gap from previous study. At this backdrop, the review on anthropological study of Tharu in Nepali socio-cultural context discusses how the writings dealing with the Tharus community seem helpful for opening the way to further studies in this area of ethnicity with multidisciplinary approaches, such as, cultural studies, linguistics, literature, demography, history, folklore, sociology, arts and crafts and ethnography. At the same time, it also enhances to comprehend varied subgroups of Tharus in Nepal, for instances, Dangaura, Rana, Kochila, Chitwaniya and Desaura. Moreover, the present research on Tharus is comparatively more focused on anthropological study rather than other disciplines, such as, folklore, ethno-music and literature, sociology, cultural studies, linguistics, ethno-history and demography. Regarding the Tharu anthropological research, this study is an attempt to portray the huge possibility of further ethnic studies, particularly on many subgroups of Tharus in Nepali territory.