bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ask Me! self‐reported features of adolescents experiencing neglect or emotional maltreatment: a rapid systematic review
Authors: Naughton A. M. , Cowley L. E. , Tempest V. , Maguire S. A. , Mann M. K. , Kemp A. M.
Published: February 2017

Background

Neglect is often overlooked in adolescence, due in part to assumptions about autonomy and misinterpretation of behaviors being part of normal adolescent development. Emotional maltreatment (abuse or neglect) has a damaging effect throughout the lifespan, but is rarely recognized amongst adolescents. Our review aims to identify features that adolescents experiencing neglect and/ or emotional maltreatment report.

Method

A rapid review methodology searched 8 databases (1990‐2014), supplemented by hand searching journals, and references, identifying 2,568 abstracts. Two independent reviews were undertaken of 279 articles, by trained reviewers, using standardised critical appraisal. Eligible studies: primary studies of children aged 13‐17 years, with substantiated neglect and/ or emotional maltreatment, containing self‐reported features.

Results

19 publications from 13 studies were included, demonstrating associations between both neglect and emotional maltreatment with internalising features (9 studies) including depression, post traumatic symptomatology and anxiety; emotional maltreatment was associated with suicidal ideation, while neglect was not (1 study); neglect was associated with alcohol related problems (3 studies), substance misuse (2 studies), delinquency for boys (1 study), teenage pregnancy (1 study), and general victimization for girls (1 study), while emotionally maltreated girls reported more externalising symptoms (1 study). Dating violence victimization was associated with neglect and emotional maltreatment (2 studies), while emotional abuse of boys, but not neglect, was associated with dating violence perpetration (1 study), and neither neglect nor emotional maltreatment had an association with low self‐esteem (2 studies). Neither neglect nor emotional maltreatment had an effect on school performance (1 study), but neglected boys showed greater school engagement than neglected girls (1 study).

Conclusions

If asked, neglected or emotionally maltreated adolescents describe significant difficulties with their mental health, social relationships, and alcohol or substance misuse. Practitioners working with youths who exhibit these features should recognize the detrimental impact of maltreatment at this developmental stage, and identify whether maltreatment is a contributory factor that should be addressed.
Is abdominal CT useful for the management of patients with severe acute colitis complicating inflammatory bowel disease? A study in 54 consecutive patients
Authors: Mege D. , Monsinjon M. , Zappa M. , Stefanescu C. , Treton X. , Maggiori L. , Bouhnik Y. , Panis Y.
Published: February 2017

Aim

To evaluate the contribution of CT for the management of patients with severe acute exacerbation of colitis (SAC) complicating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); in particular, its contribution to surgical decision making.

Method

All patients who were admitted to our institution for SAC complicating IBD were divided into two groups: group A (those who received surgical treatment); and group B (those who received medical treatment). Admission CT results were compared between groups.

Results

From 2006 to 2015, 54 patients [26 male; median age 39 (17–71) years] presenting with SAC were placed in either group A (n = 41; 76%) or group B (n = 13; 24%). Surgical patients in group A more frequently had altered general status (50 vs 17%; P = 0.01). Physical examination, Lichtiger score, endoscopic findings and laboratory results were similar between the groups. There was no significant difference in CT data between the groups with respect to extent of the colitis (pan‐colitis in 54 and 69%, respectively, P = 0.35), median colonic thickness [10 (4–16) vs 8 (6–11) mm, P = 0.15], target enhancement (88 vs 77%, P = 0.38) and occurrence of toxic megacolon (2 vs 0%).

Conclusion

Admission CT is not helpful in surgical decision making in SAC.
Impact of a restrictive vs liberal transfusion strategy on anastomotic leakage and infectious complications after restorative surgery for rectal cancer
Authors: Ozben V. , Stocchi L. , Ashburn J. , Liu X. , Gorgun E.
Published: February 2017

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a restrictive vs liberal transfusion strategy on anastomotic leakage and infectious complications after rectal cancer surgery.

Methods

Patients undergoing restorative proctectomy for rectal cancer between January 2008 and December 2013 were divided into four groups according to the perioperative lowest haemoglobin (Hgb) level and transfusion status: group 1 with Hgb level ≥ 10 g/dl; group 2 with Hgb level ≥ 7 and < 10 g/dl who did not receive transfusion; and group 3 with Hgb level ≥ 7 and < 10 g/dl and group 4 with Hgb level < 7 g/dl, both of which received a transfusion. Clinical characteristics, anastomotic leakage and infectious complications within 30 days of surgery were compared.

Results

There were 398 patients (66% men) with a mean age of 59.3 ± 11.9 years. Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 included 162 (40.7%), 163 (41.0%), 47 (11.8%) and 26 (6.5%) patients, respectively. Perioperative characteristics were significantly different among groups regarding neoadjuvant chemo/radiotherapy use, preoperative albumin and Hgb levels, operative approach and blood loss, tumour size and stage, surgical margin involvement and histological differentiation. The unadjusted rates of overall infectious complications were 17.2%, 27.6%, 36.2% and 50% in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively (P = 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, compared to group 2, group 3 was associated with an increased likelihood of organ/space surgical site infections (SSIs) (OR 3.63, 95% CI 1.29–10.22, P = 0.01) with no significant differences in terms of anastomotic leakage, overall SSIs or overall infectious complications.

Conclusion

Blood transfusion of haemodynamically stable patients with Hgb level ≥ 7 g/dl is associated with increased organ/space SSIs in rectal cancer surgery.
Usefulness of two‐ and three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in the assessment of proximal left coronary system compression by a paraprosthetic aortic valve abscess
Authors: Ahmad Amier , McElwee Samuel K. , Jiang Amy Z. , Barssoum Kirolos N. , Elkaryoni Ahmed E. , Arisha Mohammed J. , Srialluri Swetha , Seghatol Frank , Nanda Navin C.
Published: February 2017

Paraprosthetic aortic valve abscess represents a rare, but lethal complication of infective endocarditis. We report a case of proximal left coronary system compression by a paraprosthetic aortic valve abscess whose detection was augmented using live/real time three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography. Our case illustrates the usefulness of combined two‐ and three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in detecting this finding.
Burnout, depression and suicidal ideation in dental and dental hygiene students
Authors: Deeb George R. , Braun Sarah , Carrico Caroline , Kinser Patricia , Laskin Daniel , Golob Deeb Janina
Published: February 2017

Introduction

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between burnout, depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in dental and dental hygiene students and to evaluate the influence of gender, programme type and year of study.

Subjects and methods

Third‐ and fourth‐year dental (DS) and first‐ and second‐year hygiene students (DHS) completed the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) and an abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory online as measures of depressive symptoms/suicidality and burnout, respectively. The statistical analyses included summary statistics and tests for intergroup comparisons (chi‐square) to evaluate the influence of gender, programme type (DHS or DS) and year of study. Correlations between depression, suicidality and burnout were also conducted.

Results

A total of 32 dental hygiene and 119 dental students participated. 40% of the dental and 38% of the hygiene students met criteria for burnout. No differences were found between years or between programmes. Nine per cent of both dental and hygiene students were above the cut‐off for moderate depressive symptoms, but there were no statistical differences between the third‐ and fourth‐year dental and the first‐ and second‐year hygiene students. Six per cent of the dental and 9% of the dental hygiene students were above the cut‐off for clinically significant suicidal ideation, but there were no statistical differences between dental and hygiene students. There were no differences noted in the dental students based on gender for any of the measures. Depression was significantly associated with all three subscales of burnout. Suicidal ideation was only significantly related to the lack of personal accomplishment subscale of burnout.

Discussion

These findings suggest the need for introducing preventive measures for such affective states in dental and dental hygiene training programmes.
Management of digital mucous cysts: a systematic review and treatment algorithm
Authors: Jabbour Samer , Kechichian Elio , Haber Roger , Tomb Roland , Nasr Marwan
Published: February 2017

Digital mucous cysts (DMC) are benign, highly recurrent lesions of the digits. To date, there is still no treatment agreement on the treatment of DMC. Herein, we review available data on treatment modalities, including both surgical and nonsurgical techniques, and to provide a practical algorithm for the management of DMC. A systematic review was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. Articles studying the management of DMC were included in this review. A total of 40 articles were included in the review. The five most frequently used treatments for DMC were surgery (n = 849), expression of cyst content (n = 132), sclerotherapy (n = 119), corticosteroid injection (n = 108), and cryotherapy (n = 103). Surgery yielded the highest cure rate among all treatment modalities (95%) compared to sclerotherapy (77%), cryotherapy (72%), corticosteroid injection (61%), and expression of cyst content (39%) (P < 0.001). Surgery should be considered as the first‐line treatment for DMC. Second‐line treatments include sclerotherapy and cryotherapy. Third‐line treatments include corticosteroid injections, expression of cyst content, and less‐studied modalities. Surgery showed the highest cure rates. Future adequately designed randomized controlled trials are warranted to compare different treatment modalities.
Biogeographical evidence for common vicariance and rare dispersal in a southern Appalachian harvestman (Sabaconidae, Sabacon cavicolens)
Authors: Hedin Marshal , McCormack Maureen
Published: February 2017

Aim

Species or higher taxa that are obviously dispersal‐limited, but which occupy large geographical distributions, represent a biogeographical paradox. Dispersal must have happened, likely under special and infrequent environmental conditions, but details have been lost to history. The overarching goal of our research is to understand the details of a ‘common vicariance, rare dispersal’ biogeographical history in a widespread but habitat‐specialized harvestman species (Sabacon cavicolens) with a southern Appalachian centre of distribution.

Location

Eastern North America, southern Appalachians.

Methods

We assessed cryptic speciation using mitochondrial and nuclear gene DNA sequence data, testing alternative delimitation hypotheses using multispecies coalescent analyses. We also tested whether riverine barriers are associated with mitochondrial genealogical structuring, focusing on multiple rivers in the southern Blue Ridge physiographical province. Finally, we conducted population genetic analyses to assess female‐based range expansion out of the southern Blue Ridge.

Results

Genetic analyses suggest a large number of species‐level lineages within S. cavicolens, although we prefer a more conservative three‐species hypothesis. These putative species are geographically cohesive and allopatric (Ozarks, Cumberland Plateau, southern Blue Ridge), with the Blue Ridge species including multiple divergent mitochondrial haplogroups. Several genealogical breaks in the Blue Ridge species coincide with riverine barriers, separating mostly allopatric mitochondrial lineages. Contrasting with evidence for constrained gene flow and vicariance, two Blue Ridge haplogroups reveal extensive range expansion both northwards and westwards, resulting in the widespread distribution of closely related haplotypes, and occasional sympatry of dispersive haplotypes.

Main Conclusions

Hidden beneath the apparently widespread distribution of a single species is a history of old vicariance separating geographically disjunct cryptic species. How these lineages came to occupy such disparate geographies is illustrated by dynamics within the Blue Ridge species, where both in situ vicariance and long‐distance dispersal have shaped a ‘common vicariance, rare dispersal’ biogeographical history.
Morphological and ecological divergence in South American canids
Authors: Zurano Juan Pablo , Martinez Pablo Ariel , Canto‐Hernandez Jhoann , Montoya‐Burgos Juan I. , Costa Gabriel C.
Published: February 2017

Aim

Closely related species are expected to be similar in their ecological attributes. However, clades colonizing new environments and diversifying due to ecological processes often show morphological and ecological divergence. Canids arrived in South America after the formation of the Isthmus of Panama and diversified to occupy a variety of habitats. We test whether the diversification of this group was followed by divergence in species niches. If ecological processes are associated with species divergences, we expect to see species occupying distinct climatic niches, showing divergent phenotypes, and showing a close association between their phenotypes and ecological attributes.

Location

South America

Methods

We use comparative and multivariate climatic niche analysis, geometric morphometric (skull and jaw), and distance‐based phylogenetic regressions to test whether the diversification of South American canids was followed by divergence in their climatic niches and phenotypic traits.

Results

We found a pattern of continental niche occupancy (north to south) along a complex climatic gradient. As species diverged, they evolved distinct climatic tolerances. Climatic niche similarities are not related to species phylogenetic relationships, indicating that closely related species may have distinct climatic tolerances. Our morphological analysis also showed strong phenotypic divergence between species. Our results suggest that these differences were related to climatic and trophic niches. Results show divergent phenotypes in both the skull and jaw, and that there is a close association between phenotype and ecological strategies.

Main conclusions

Our study integrates phylogenetic history, ecological and morphological data to study the evolution of South American canids. Canid colonization of South America was followed by species ecological divergences. Our results support the hypothesis that ecological processes are the main drivers of diversification of this clade and illustrate a complex biogeographical history of ecological diversification of canids at continental scale.
Indigenous hosts of economically important fruit fly species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in South Africa
Authors: Grové T. , De Jager K. , De Beer M.S.
Published: February 2017

Fruit flies are among the most economically important fruit pests worldwide. The larvae are phytophagous and constitute a major production constraint in the horticultural industry. Various indigenous fruits were sampled from 2010 to 2015 in Limpopo and Mpumalanga Provinces of South Africa to determine the presence of fruit fly species. The Oriental fruity fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), the Marula fruit fly, Ceratitis cosyra (Walker) and the Natal fruit fly, Ceratitis rosa sensu lato Karsch were reared from the indigenous fruits. B. dorsalis was reared from one marula, Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst. (Anacardiaceae) sample. All three Ceratitis species were reared from the Mobola plum, Parinari curatellifolia Planch. ex Benth. (Chrysobalanaceae) and Kei‐apple, Dovyalis caffra (Hook.f. & Harv.) Sim (Salicaceae). Wild plum, Harpephyllum caffrum Bernh. (Anacardiaceae), African mangosteen, Garcinia livingstonei T.Anderson (Clusiaceae), Cape ash, Ekebergia capensis Sparrm. (Meliaceae), waterberry, Syzygium cordatum Hochst. ex Krauss (Myrtaceae) and stemfruit, Englerophytum magalismontanum (Sond.) T.D.Penn. (Sapotaceae) were hosts to both C. capitata and C. rosa s.l. C. capitata was also reared from num‐num, Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan (Apocynaceae), simple‐spined num‐num, Carissa spinarum L. (Apocynaceae), brown ivory, Berchemia discolor (Klotzsch) Hemsl. (Rhamnaceae), wild coffee, Coffea racemosa Lour. (Rubiaceae) and common red milkwood, Mimusops zeyheri Sond. (Sapotaceae). C. cosyra was also found in the fruit of S. birrea and the wild mango, Cordyla africana Lour. (Leguminosae). C. rosa s.l. was also reared from Natal plum, Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. (Apocynaceae), waterpear, Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC. (Myrtaceae), Natal dovyalis, Dovyalis longispina (Harv.) Warb. (Salicaceae) and wild apricot, Dovyalis zeyheri (Sond.) Warb. (Salicaceae). No fruit flies were reared from Ficus spp. (Moraceae).Various indigenous hosts could serve as a reservoir for infesting cultivated crops.
Feeding range of age 1+ year Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Ahlbeck Bergendahl I. , Holliland P. B. , Hansson S. , Karlöf O.
Published: February 2017

Using the widespread Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis as a model organism, feeding ranges were investigated using stable‐isotope ratios (δ15N and δ13C) and body condition. Differences were found between closely located sampling sites in a littoral area without obvious migration barriers, indicating that individual fish had small feeding ranges. Body condition differences between sampled stations were consistent over 4 years. Such sedentary behaviour is important to consider in, e.g. fisheries management and environmental monitoring, as local catch regulations may be meaningful or geographic stability in sampling locations may reduce noise in data.
Effect of weight and frontal area of external telemetry packages on the kinematics, activity levels and swimming performance of small‐bodied sharks
Authors: Bouyoucos I. A. , Suski C. D. , Mandelman J. W. , Brooks E. J.
Published: February 2017

This study sought to observe the effects of submerged weight and frontal cross‐sectional area of external telemetry packages on the kinematics, activity levels and swimming performance of small‐bodied juvenile sharks, using lemon sharks Negaprion brevirostris (60–80 cm total length, LT) as a model species. Juveniles were observed free‐swimming in a mesocosm untagged and with small and large external accelerometer packages that increased frontal cross‐sectional area of the animals and their submerged weight. Despite adhering to widely used standards for tag mass, the presence of an external telemetry package altered swimming kinematics, activity levels and swimming performance of juvenile N. brevirostris relative to untagged individuals, suggesting that tag mass is not a suitable standalone metric of device suitability. Changes in swimming performance could not be detected from tail‐beat frequency, which suggests that tail‐beat frequency is an unsuitable standalone metric of swimming performance for small N. brevirostris. Lastly, sharks experienced treatment‐specific changes in activity level and swimming kinematics from morning to afternoon observation. Therefore, the presence of external telemetry packages altered the kinematics, activity levels and swimming performance of small young‐of‐the‐year N. brevirostris and these data may therefore be relevant to other similar‐sized juveniles of other shark species.
Clinical utility of multipolar ablation with a 3‐D simulator system for patients with liver cancer
Authors: Hirooka Masashi , Koizumi Yohei , Imai Yusuke , Nakamura Yoshiko , Yukimoto Atsushi , Watanabe Takao , Yoshida Osamu , Tokumoto Yoshio , Abe Masanori , Hiasa Yoichi
Published: February 2017

Background and Aim

The aim of this study is to confirm the efficacy of multipolar ablation with a new simulator system, three‐dimensional (3‐D) sim‐Navigator, for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma by assessing relapse‐free survival and shape of the ablation volume under clinical conditions.

Methods

All participants provided written, informed consent, and study protocols were approved by the institutional ethics committee. Twenty‐seven patients with 27 nodules were treated by no‐touch ablation using the new simulator system. Another 21 patients with 21 nodules treated without the simulator system were enrolled as controls. Tumor progression and shape of ablation volume were assessed. Predictors of tumor progression were assessed by Cox proportional hazard model.

Results

No significant differences in clinical characteristics were seen between groups. Mean sphericity was 0.48 ± 0.07 with 3‐D sim‐Navigator and 0.37 ± 0.07 without 3‐D sim‐Navigator (P < 0.001). Median surface‐to‐volume ratio and compactness were also significantly closer to those of a sphere with 3‐D sim‐Navigator (P = 0.017, P < 0.001). Relapse‐free survival rates at 1 and 1.5 years were 94.1% and 82.4%, respectively, with 3‐D sim‐Navigator, compared with 83.2% and 55.5% without (P = 0.056). The only independent factor predicting relapse‐free survival was use of 3‐D sim‐Navigator (hazard ratio, 0.12; 95%CI, 0.01–0.87; P = 0.035).

Conclusions

Ideal ablation area was acquired by this simulation and navigation system in clinics. This system improved local tumor progression by facilitating appropriate insertion of multiple electrodes.
Combining hydrodynamic modelling with genetics: can passive larval drift shape the genetic structure of Baltic Mytilus populations?
Authors: Stuckas Heiko , Knöbel Loreen , Schade Hanna , Breusing Corinna , Hinrichsen Hans‐Harald , Bartel Manuela , Langguth Klaudia , Melzner Frank
Published: February 2017

While secondary contact between Mytilus edulis and Mytilus trossulus in North America results in mosaic hybrid zone formation, both species form a hybrid swarm in the Baltic. Despite pervasive gene flow, Baltic Mytilus species maintain substantial genetic and phenotypic differentiation. Exploring mechanisms underlying the contrasting genetic composition in Baltic Mytilus species will allow insights into processes such as speciation or adaptation to extremely low salinity. Previous studies in the Baltic indicated that only weak interspecific reproductive barriers exist and discussed the putative role of adaptation to environmental conditions. Using a combination of hydrodynamic modelling and multilocus genotyping, we investigate how oceanographic conditions influence passive larval dispersal and hybrid swarm formation in the Baltic. By combining our analyses with previous knowledge, we show a genetic transition of Baltic Mytilus species along longitude 12°‐13°E, that is a virtual line between Malmö (Sweden) and Stralsund (Germany). Although larval transport only occurs over short distances (10–30 km), limited larval dispersal could not explain the position of this genetic transition zone. Instead, the genetic transition zone is located at the area of maximum salinity change (15–10 psu). Thus, we argue that selection results in weak reproductive barriers and local adaptation. This scenario could maintain genetic and phenotypic differences between Baltic Mytilus species despite pervasive introgressive hybridization.
A novel dimorphic pathogen, Emergomyces orientalis (Onygenales), agent of disseminated infection
Authors: Wang Peng , Kenyon Chris , de Hoog Sybren , Guo Lina , Fan Hongwei , Liu Hongrui , Li Zhongwei , Sheng Ruiyuan , Yang Ying , Jiang Yanping , Zhang Li , Xu Yingchun
Published: February 2017

A novel dimorphic fungus, Emergomyces orientalis sp. nov. a close relative of systemic pathogens in the family Ajellomycetaceae (Blastomyces, Histoplasma). The fungus is reported in a 64‐year‐old male from Shanxi, China. The patient developed disseminated skin lesions, productive cough with fever and showed nodular opacities in his left lung on chest radiography. The patient had no identified cause of immunodeficiency apart from type‐2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical, histopathological and mycological characteristics of the agent are given, and its phylogenetic position is determined with multilocus sequence data.
Nonlinear responses of land ecosystems to variation in precipitation
Authors: Luo Yiqi , Jiang Lifen , Niu Shuli , Zhou Xuhui
Published: February 2017

This article is a Commentary on Knapp et al., 214: 41–47.
Enhanced Antimicrobial Effects of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix (CorMatrix) with Added Vancomycin and Gentamicin for Device Implant Protection
Authors: DEERING THOMAS F. , CHANG CARLOS , SNYDER CARL , NATARAJAN SELVAMUTHU K. , MATHENY ROBERT
Published: February 2017

Background

The incidence of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections has risen significantly over the past years. Although several devices are currently available to decrease the incidence of infection, most are made from nonviable synthetic material and are more prone to infection than vascularized tissue.

Objective

This study was undertaken to assess the resistance to infection of the CorMatrix CanGaroo (CorMatrix Cardiovascular, Roswell, GA, USA), a CIED envelope made of decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrated in different antibiotic solutions.

Methods

This study was comprised of two in vitro tests and one animal trial. For all the tests, the ECM was hydrated in a mixture of vancomycin (25 mg/mL) and gentamicin (20 mg/mL) or gentamicin alone (40 mg/mL). The drug elution characteristics were assessed followed by the effectiveness of CanGaroo to prevent the bacterial growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis in culture. Then, the direct inoculation of pacemaker implant pockets with both Staphylococcus species was performed in rabbits implanted with either a pacemaker alone or a pacemaker with antibiotic‐soaked CorMatrix ECM pouches.

Results

The hydration of CanGaroo envelopes in both antibiotic mixtures resulted in antimicrobial activity against both Staphylococcus species, with an early bolus release of antibiotics followed by a slow release lasting for up to 6 days. In vivo, there was a substantial decrease in the occurrence of infection.

Conclusions

The hydration of the CanGaroo ECM with an antibiotic solution prevented Staphylococcus species growth in vitro and substantially reduced the incidence of CIED pocket infections in an in vivo rabbit model.
High Patient Satisfaction with Deep Sedation for Catheter Ablation of Cardiac Arrhythmia
Authors: MÜNKLER PAULA , ATTANASIO PHILIPP , PARWANI ABDUL SHOKOR , HUEMER MARTIN , BOLDT LEIF‐HENDRIK , HAVERKAMP WILHELM , WUTZLER ALEXANDER
Published: February 2017

Background

Patients’ satisfaction with invasive procedures largely relies on periprocedural perception of pain and discomfort. The necessity for intraprocedural sedation during catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias for technical reasons is widely accepted, but data on patients’ experience of pain and satisfaction with the procedural sedation are scarce. We have assessed patients’ pain and discomfort during and after the procedure using a standardized questionnaire.

Methods

One hundred seventeen patients who underwent catheter ablation answered a standardized questionnaire on periprocedural perception of pain and discomfort after different anesthetic protocols with propofol/midazolam with and without additional piritramide and ketamine/midazolam.

Results

Patients report a high level of satisfaction with periprocedural sedation with 83% judging sedation as good or very good. The majority of patients was unconscious of the whole procedure and did not recollect experiencing pain. Procedural pain was reported by 7.7% of the patients and 16% reported adverse effects, e.g., postprocedural nausea and episodes of headache.

Conclusion

The results of our study show that deep sedation during catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias is generally well tolerated and patients are satisfied with the procedure. Yet, a number of patients reports pain or adverse events. Therefore, studies comparing different sedation strategies should be conducted in order to optimize sedation and analgesia.
Using the Surface ECG to Identify Right Ventricular Pacing Lead Position: A Cautionary Tale
Authors: KAYE GERALD C. , ROWE MATTHEW K. , GOULD PAUL A.
Published: February 2017

Chronic right ventricular (RV) apical pacing may lead to the development of heart failure in some patients. Although pacing of the RV septum has been proposed as an alternative, positioning a lead in the true septum has proven challenging. In addition to fluoroscopy at implant, it has been suggested that 12‐lead surface electrocardiogram (ECG) can be used to determine septal lead position; however, studies show this may be inaccurate. We present a case where a change in the ECG QRS axis late after pacemaker insertion with an active fixation lead highlights the difficulties of ECG localization of pacing leads.
Minimal Invasive Left Ventricular Lead Repositioning is Safe and Effective in Distal Left Ventricular Lead Positions
Authors: OSZTHEIMER ISTVÁN , SZILÁGYI SZABOLCS , PONGOR ZSUZSANNA , ZIMA ENDRE , MOLNÁR LEVENTE , TAHIN TAMÁS , MERKELY BÉLA , GELLÉR LÁSZLÓ
Published: February 2017

Background

Treatment of left ventricular electrode dislocation and phrenic nerve stimulation remains an issue in the era of new electrode designs.

Methods

Safety and efficacy of minimal invasive lead repositioning and pocket opening reposition procedures were evaluated between December 2005 and December 2012 at our center.

Minimal invasive method was developed and widely utilized at our center to treat phrenic nerve stimulation. The distally positioned left ventricular lead is looped around by a deflectable catheter in the right atrium introduced from the femoral vein access and then pulled back. Coronary stent implantation was used afterwards for lead stabilization in some patients.

Results

42 minimal invasive and 48 electrode repositions with pacemaker pocket opening were performed at 77 patients for left ventricular lead problems. Minimal invasive reposition could be carried out successfully in 69% of (29 patients) cases. Note that in 14.3% of the cases (six patients) minimal invasive procedures were acutely unsuccessful and crossover was necessary. In 16.6% of the cases (seven patients) lead issues were noted later during follow‐up. Opening of the pocket could be carried out successfully in 81.2% (39 patients) and was unsuccessful acutely in 6.25% (three patients). Repeated dislocation was noticed, 12.5%, in this group (six patients). Complication during minimal invasive procedures was electrode injury in one case. Pocket openings were associated with several complications: atrial fibrillation, pericardial effusion, fever, hematoma, and right ventricular electrode dislodgement.

Conclusion

Minimal invasive procedure—as the first line approach—is safe and feasible for left ventricular electrode repositioning in selected cases.
The GmFWL1 (FW2‐2‐like) nodulation gene encodes a plasma membrane microdomain‐associated protein
Authors: Qiao Zhenzhen , Brechenmacher Laurent , Smith Benjamin , Strout Gregory W. , Mangin William , Taylor Christopher , Russell Scott D. , Stacey Gary , Libault Marc
Published: February 2017

The soybean gene GmFWL1 (FW2‐2‐like1) belongs to a plant‐specific family that includes the tomato FW2‐2 and the maize CNR1 genes, two regulators of plant development. In soybean, GmFWL1 is specifically expressed in root hair cells in response to rhizobia and in nodules. Silencing of GmFWL1 expression significantly reduced nodule numbers supporting its role during soybean nodulation. While the biological role of GmFWL1 has been described, its molecular function and, more generally, the molecular function of plant FW2‐2‐like proteins is unknown. In this study, we characterized the role of GmFWL1 as a membrane microdomain‐associated protein. Specifically, using biochemical, molecular and cellular methods, our data show that GmFWL1 interacts with various proteins associated with membrane microdomains such as remorin, prohibitins and flotillins. Additionally, comparative genomics revealed that GmFWL1 interacts with GmFLOT2/4 (FLOTILLIN2/4), the soybean ortholog to Medicago truncatula FLOTILLIN4, a major regulator of the M. truncatula nodulation process. We also observed that, similarly to MtFLOT4 and GmFLOT2/4, GmFWL1 was localized at the tip of the soybean root hair cells in response to rhizobial inoculation supporting the early function of GmFWL1 in the rhizobium infection process.
Commentary: Investigative Police Stops—Necessary or Insidious? A Practitioner's Viewpoint
Authors: Davenport Vince E.
Published: February 2017

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Commentary: Measuring Metrics
Authors: DeBenedetto Rocco
Published: February 2017

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A Call to Consciousness: Examining the Evolution of America's Racial Caste System
Authors: Rollins Aaron C. , Hilliard Erica R.
Published: February 2017

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Commentary: Getting on the Right Bus with a Theory
Authors: Pearson Clay
Published: February 2017

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Policing and Race in America: Reforms Needed
Authors: Menifield Charles E.
Published: February 2017

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Commentary: Taking a Comprehensive View to Reducing Officer‐Involved Deaths
Authors: Fretwell Elizabeth N. , Lombardo Joseph
Published: February 2017

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Black and Blue
Authors: Pegues Jeff
Published: February 2017

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Concrete Advice for Police Reform: An Interview with Marc Morial
Authors: Ward James D.
Published: February 2017

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Court Efficiency and Procurement Performance
Authors: Coviello Decio , Moretti Luigi , Spagnolo Giancarlo , Valbonesi Paola
Published: February 2017

Disputes over penalties for breaching a contract are often resolved in court. A simple model illustrates how inefficient courts can sway public buyers from enforcing a penalty for late delivery in order to avoid litigation, thereby inducing sellers to delay contract delivery. By using a large dataset on Italian public procurement, we empirically study the effects of court inefficiency on public work performance. Where courts are inefficient, we find the following: public works are delivered with longer delays; delays increase for more valuable contracts; contracts are more often awarded to larger suppliers; and a higher share of the payment is postponed after delivery. Other interpretations receive less support from the data.
Elasticity of Taxable Income: Evidence from Changes in Municipal Income Tax Rates in Finland
Authors: Matikka Tuomas
Published: February 2017

The elasticity of taxable income (ETI) is a key parameter in income tax analysis, in terms of both efficiency and tax revenue. In this paper, I use Finnish data to analyze the ETI. I use changes in flat municipal income tax rates as an instrument for overall changes in marginal tax rates. This instrument is not a function of individual income, and thus the ETI estimates are less susceptible to bias caused by differential trends across the income distribution. In general, instruments used in previous studies do not have this feature. My preferred estimate for the average ETI is 0.21.
An Analysis of the Corporate Income Tax Policy of Less Developed Countries
Authors: Baker Paul L.
Published: February 2017

Unlike in developed countries, corporate rather than personal tax is the greater source of public finance for less developed countries (LDCs). This paper analyzes the corporate income tax policy for a large panel of LDCs. The analysis shows that although the corporate tax rate has been decreasing, corporate tax revenues have been increasing. Contrary to standard tax competition theory, there is also strong evidence that corporate income taxes are increasing with respect to the LDCs’ openness, as measured by capital mobility. The analysis also shows that the corporate tax rate is increasing with respect to the personal tax rate, as income‐shifting theory predicts.
Prioritarian Poverty Comparisons with Cardinal and Ordinal Attributes
Authors: Bosmans Kristof , Lauwers Luc , Ooghe Erwin
Published: February 2017

The ethical view of prioritarianism holds that if an extra bundle of attributes is to be allocated to either of two individuals, then priority should be given to the worse off among the two. We consider multidimensional poverty comparisons with cardinal and ordinal attributes and propose three axioms that operationalize the prioritarian view. Each priority axiom, in combination with a handful of standard properties, characterizes a class of poverty measures.
Moral Schemas in Articulation and Intuition: How Religious People Evaluate Human Reproductive Genetic Technologies
Authors: Ecklund Elaine Howard , Peifer Jared L. , White Virginia , Chan Esther
Published: February 2017

As new and more effective human reproductive genetic technologies (RGTs) rapidly develop, religious voices remain an important part of public discussion about the moral standing of such technologies. Here, we compare how individuals from different religious traditions evaluate disease RGTs (detecting genetic diseases in vitro) when compared to enhancement RGTs, allowing parents to select features of a child. Findings are gleaned from analysis of 270 interviews with individuals from 23 Christian, Muslim, and Jewish religious organizations, with supporting data from a national survey of more than 10,000 Americans. We find that respondents engage in clearly defined discursive moral reasoning to evaluate the propriety of disease RGTs while moral intuitions manifest themselves in responses to enhancement RGTs. We argue that schemas provide resources for moral discourses while also shaping moral intuitions expressed through emotions. Our results have implications for how religious people respond to new technologies when their institutional and denominational structures do not have readily discernable moral frameworks to guide responses.
Why Do People Hike? Hiking the Israel National Trail
Authors: Collins‐Kreiner Noga , Kliot Nurit
Published: February 2017

The main aim of this study is to better understand why people hike the Israel National Trail (INT) and the behavioural, experiential, and spatiotemporal phenomena that accompany this activity. In this explorative study, we assumed that hiking the INT encompasses both universalistic aspects of hiking, in its capacity as a mobility system shared by hikers of long‐distance trails worldwide, and particularistic aspects of hiking, that can be identified through the scientific research of hiking using concepts such as ‘place attachment’, ‘sense of place’, ‘state and nation building’, and ’socialisation of civic consciousness’, within the particularistic framework of Israeli nationhood, culture, and history. The first stage of our research was the formulation and distribution of a questionnaire aimed at assessing hiker motivation and the nature and features of their hiking mobility on the route, including spatiotemporal dimensions, experiences and behavior, and place identity and sense of place. Altogether, 210 questionnaires were completed by hikers on the INT over a one‐year period, from March 2013 to March 2014. Overall, our analysis of the findings through the lens of Parson's particularism vs. universalism pattern variable revealed hiking the INT to be a mobility system characterized by many of the general, universalistic aspects of hiking, but also, and perhaps most notably, by a number of particularistic aspects that are key to understanding the unique role of hiking in Israeli society.
Policies for Small and Medium‐Sized Towns: European, National and Local Approaches
Authors: Atkinson Rob
Published: February 2017

This paper addresses the ‘policy dimension’ of the TOWN project drawing on the implications of the case studies for policy(ies) for small and medium‐sized towns (SMSTs) across Europe. It first considers approaches at European and national levels to SMSTs arguing in recent years there has been limited recognition that SMSTs have a significant role to play in the European territory. The paper provides an illustrative selection of towns from the ten case study countries. The research shows that the category SMSTs contains a varied and often dissimilar group of towns in a wide variety of regional contexts. This is true not only between countries but within them. The results indicate that while there are actions to support SMSTs that can be done at European level a prescriptive ‘one‐size fits all’ approach should be avoided. Policy approaches should be developed within particular national and regional contexts supported by the European level.