bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new potassium-based intermediate and its role in the desorption properties of the K–Mg–N–H system
Authors: Santoru A. , Garroni S. , Pistidda C. , Milanese C. , Girella A. , Marini A. , Masolo E. , Valentoni A. , Bergemann N. , Le T. T. , Cao H. , Haase D. , Balmes O. , Taube K. , Mulas G. , Enzo S. , Klassen T. , Dornheim M.
Published: January 2016

In situSR-PXD experiments revealed a new reaction mechanism of amide–hydride anionic exchange for the K–Mg–N–H system.
Fundamental insights into the electronic structure of zigzag MoS2 nanoribbons
Authors: Yu Shansheng , Zheng Weitao
Published: January 2016

E
ext can tune the interaction between H and the edge, and at the same time enhance the intrinsic conductivity of nanoribbons.
Carbon monoxide protonation in condensed phases and bonding to surface superacidic Brønsted centers
Authors: Stoyanov Evgenii S. , Malykhin Sergei E.
Published: January 2016

Using infrared (IR) spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, interaction of CO with the strongest known pure Brønsted carborane superacids, H(CHB11Hal11) (Hal = F, Cl), was studied.
Impact of pore topology and crystal thickness of nanosponge zeolites on the hydroconversion of ethylbenzene
Authors: Marques Mota F. , Eliášová P. , Jung J. , Ryoo R.
Published: January 2016

Gas-phase hydroconversion of ethylbenzene was investigated using *MRE, MFI and MTW-type zeolite nanosponges with a hydrogenating component (Pt/Al2O3). Spacious channel interconnections in MFI was concluded to remarkably impact product selectivity compared to *MRE and MTW.
Contributions of inner and outer coordination sphere bonding in determining the strength of substituted phenolic pyrazoles as copper extractants
Authors: Healy Mary R. , Roebuck James W. , Doidge Euan D. , Emeleus Lucy C. , Bailey Philip J. , Campbell John , Fischmann Adam J. , Love Jason B. , Morrison Carole A. , Sassi Thomas , White David J. , Tasker Peter A.
Published: January 2016

Simple phenolic pyrazoles have strengths and selectivities comparable to oxime extractants which account for a quarter of the world's copper production.
Heteronuclear Ni(ii)–Ln(iii) (Ln = La, Pr, Tb, Dy) complexes: synthesis and single-molecule magnet behaviour
Authors: Upadhyay Apoorva , Das Chinmoy , Langley Stuart K. , Murray Keith S. , Srivastava Anant K. , Shanmugam Maheswaran
Published: January 2016

The crystal structures are reported for three heterometallic Ni2Ln and a Ni2Dy2 complex, using the Schiff base ligand 2-methoxy-6-[(E)-phenyliminomethyl] phenol. Detailed dc and ac magnetic susceptibility studies were reported for all the complexes. The complexes 3 and 4 shows frequency dependent out-of-phase susceptibility signals.
Black Nb2O5 nanorods with improved solar absorption and enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Zhao Wenli , Zhao Wei , Zhu Guilian , Lin Tianquan , Xu Fangfang , Huang Fuqiang
Published: January 2016

Black Nb2O5 nanorods with an active exposed (001) surface were firstly prepared. Substantial Nb4+ and oxygen vacancies were introduced into black Nb2O5, resulting in the enhanced absorption in solar absorption. The advantage of black Nb2O5 was also proved by its more efficient PEC performance and higher photocatalytic H2 generation activity than pristine Nb2O5.
Temperature-dependent gel-type ionic liquid compounds based on vanadium-substituted polyoxometalates with Keggin structure
Authors: Huang Tianpei , Xie Zhirong , Wu Qingyin , Yan Wenfu
Published: January 2016

A series of temperature-dependent gel-type ionic liquid compounds have been synthesized from 1-(3-sulfonic group) propyl-3-methyl imidazolium (abbreviated as MIMPS) and three vanadium-substituted heteropoly acids H5SiW11VO40, H5SiMo11VO40 and H7SiW9V3O40.
Catalytic n-pentane conversion on H-ZSM-5 at high pressure
Authors: Schreiner Edward P. , Teketel Shewangizaw , Lobo Raul F.
Published: January 2016

Highly stable, high pressure n-pentane conversion on H-[Al]ZSM-5 yields C3 and C4 alkanes and heavier hydrocarbons to balance H/C ratio.
Photodegradable self-assembling PAMAM dendrons for gene delivery involving dendriplex formation and phototriggered circular DNA release
Authors: Lai Yu-Sen , Kao Chai-Lin , Chen Ya-Pei , Fang Chia-Chia , Hu Chao-Chin , Chu Chih-Chien
Published: January 2016

Photoresponsive amphiphilic dendron bearing a photolabile o-nitrobenzyl group possesses self-assembly, DNA binding and photo-induced release.
Novel porous calcium aluminate/phosphate nanocomposites: in situ synthesis, microstructure and permeability
Authors: Yang Jingzhou , Hu Xiaozhi , Huang Juntong , Chen Kai , Huang Zhaohui , Liu Yangai , Fang Minghao , Sun Xudong
Published: January 2016

Permeable porous nanomaterials have extensive applications in engineering fields.
Dual role of p-tosylchloride: copper-catalyzed sulfenylation and metal free methylthiolation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines
Authors: Ravi Chitrakar , Chandra Mohan Darapaneni , Adimurthy Subbarayappa
Published: January 2016

Copper-catalyzed regioselective C-3 sulfenylation and metal-free thiomethylation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines using p-tosylchloride and dimethylsulfoxide as sources for sulfenylation and thiomethylation respectively has been described.
Palladium-catalyzed highly atom-economical allylation of oxindoles with vinyl cyclopropanes
Authors: Cao Ruwei , Zhang Jinlong , Zhou Hui , Yang Huameng , Jiang Gaoxi
Published: January 2016

A highly atom-economical allylation of oxindoles with vinyl cyclopropanes catalyzed by Pd(PPh3)4has been developed, setting up a practical venue for the installation of an all-carbon quaternary center at the 3-position in oxindoles under mild reaction conditions.
Morphology and crystal structure control of α-Fe2O3 films by hydrothermal-electrochemical deposition in the presence of Ce3+ and/or acetate, F− ions
Authors: Yilmaz Ceren , Unal Ugur
Published: January 2016

Various Hematite structures are obtained via ion-assisted hydrothermal-electrochemical deposition. Growth and photoelectrochemical properties of different Hematite structures are discussed.
A versatile strategy to fabricate MOFs/carbon material integrations and their derivatives for enhanced electrocatalysis
Authors: Ma Xiao , Zhao Xue , Sun Jian , Li Dehui , Yang Xiurong
Published: January 2016

This work proposed a versatile strategy to fabricate MOFs/carbon materials integrations for enhanced electrocatalysis.
Stepwise synthesis of mixed-metal assemblies using pre-formed Ru(ii) ‘complex ligands’ as building blocks
Authors: Metherell Alexander J. , Ward Michael D.
Published: January 2016

A stepwise approach to assembly of heteropolynuclear complexes is reported, including a Ru4Co4 cubic cage which encapsulates a {Na(BF4)4}3− complex anion.
One-pot three-component regioselective synthesis of C1-functionalised 3-arylbenzo[f]quinoline
Authors: Gattu Radhakrishna , Basha R. Sidick , Bagdi Prasanta Ray , Khan Abu T.
Published: January 2016

An efficient method for regioselective synthesis of C1-functionalised 3-arylbenzo[f]quinoline has been demonstrated using β-ketoester, 2-naphthylamine and aromatic aldehyde by employing camphorsulfonic acid as the catalyst in acetonitrile at 70 °C.
High-definition conductive silver patterns on polyimide film via an ion exchange plating method
Authors: Wang Yanqing , Li Ning , Wang Xianliang , Havas Dana , Li Deyu , Wu Gang
Published: January 2016

In this work, we developed a new ion exchange plating (IEP) method that is different to traditional electrochemical plating or electroless plating techniques.
Facile fabrication of highly porous Co3O4 nanobelts as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zheng Fangcai , Shi Kai , Xu Shihao , Liang Xianyu , Chen Youcun , Zhang Yuanguang
Published: January 2016

Highly porous Co3O4 nanobelts were successfully synthesized by using a hydrothermal technique, followed by calcination of the Co(OH)2 precursor.
In situ growth of urchin-like NiCo2S4 hexagonal pyramid microstructures on 3D graphene nickel foam for enhanced performance of supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Xia Xianjun , Beka Lemu Girma , Liu Weihua , Li Xin
Published: January 2016

Urchin-like NiCo2S4 hexagonal pyramid microstructures have been successfully fabricated on 3-D graphene nickel foam by a two-step hydrothermal method. These achieve a rather high mass loading, with enhanced specific capacitance, rate performance and cycling stability.
Synthesis and electrochemical study of sodium ion transport polymer gel electrolytes
Authors: Xue Yuan , Quesnel David J.
Published: January 2016

This research demonstrates a new, high conductivity sodium ion polymer gel electrolyte (PGE), which is prepared using a solution casting technique.
Helical polysilane wrapping onto carbon nanotube: preparation, characterization and infrared emissivity property study
Authors: Zhang Muyang , Zhou Yuming , He Man , Zhang Tao , Bu Xiaohai
Published: January 2016

Morphological, structural and infrared emissivity properties of HPS/f-MWNTs complexes prepared by the solution blending method were investigated.
Time evolution and dynamic cellular uptake of PEGYlated gold nanorods
Authors: Song Hongyuan , Xu Qingqiang , Di Hongwei , Guo Ting , Qi Zhongtian , Zhao Shihong
Published: January 2016

The protein corona formed and evolved of PEGYlated GNRs which alter GNRs characteristics significantly leading to dynamic cellular uptake pathways.
Nanostructured CoxNi1−xbimetallic alloys for high efficient and ultrafast adsorption: experiments and first-principles calculations
Authors: Sun Haiming , Yang Xijia , Zhao Lijun , Li Yue , Zhang Jiamu , Tang Lu , Zou Yining , Dong Cong , Lian Jianshe , Jiang Qing
Published: January 2016

The high efficient and ultrafast adsorption performance of the synthesized bimetallic alloys: an experimental and theoretical study.
Preparation of a magnetic responsive immobilized lipase–cellulose microgel catalyst system: role of the surface properties of the magnetic cellulose microgel
Authors: Liu Shilin , Zhu Ya , Li Wei , Li Yan , Li Bin
Published: January 2016

Surface modification of the magnetic cellulose particles has been conducted by using AEAPS, the modified magnetic cellulose particles were then used for the immobilization of lipase for catalysis reaction.
Anisotropy in lattice thermal conductivity tensor of bulk hexagonal-MT2 (M = W, Mo and T = S and Se) by first principles phonon calculations
Authors: Ding Yingchun , Chen Min , Xiao Bing
Published: January 2016

Anisotropies in phonon mean free path and thermal conductivity as a function of temperature are calculated for 2H-MT2 structures.
Enzyme-mediated in situ formation of pH-sensitive nanogels for proteins delivery
Authors: Zeng Zhipeng , She Yingqi , Peng Zhiping , Wei Junchao , He Xiaohui
Published: January 2016

pH-Sensitive (PEG-b-P(LGA-g-Tyr)) nanogels were fabricated through the enzyme-mediated crosslinking reaction and used to load FITC-BSA for intracellular protein delivery.
Enhanced dielectric and ferroelectric properties in PVDF composite flexible films through doping with diisopropylammonium bromide
Authors: Sui Yan , Chen Wen-Tong , Ma Jun-Jie , Hu Rong-Hua , Liu Dong-Sheng
Published: January 2016

High β-phase phase DIPAB/PVDF composite films obtained by doping DIPAB into PVDF matrix exhibit enhanced dielectric and ferroelectric properties.
Novel simultaneous Fe(iii) reduction and ammonium oxidation of Klebsiella sp. FC61 under the anaerobic conditions
Authors: Su Jun feng , Cheng Ce , Huang Ting lin , Ma Fang , Lu Jin suo , Shao Si cheng
Published: January 2016

A simultaneous Fe(iii) reduction and ammonium oxidation of strain FC61 was isolated from the Tang Yu oligotrophic reservoir of Xi'an (China).
C3v-symmetric anion receptors with guanidine recognition motifs for ratiometric sensing of fluoride
Authors: Kim Won , Sahoo Suban K. , Kim Gi-Dong , Choi Heung-Jin
Published: January 2016

Two new tripodal receptors3and4derived from a trindane framework having guanidine groups acting as hydrogen bond acceptors are synthesized and characterized for the selective recognition of anions.
Mechanically-sensitive hydrogels formed from β-cyclodextrin and an anionic surfactant containing a biphenyl group
Authors: Zhai Zhaolan , Lei Lan , Song Jiayu , Song Binglei , Pei Xiaomei , Cui Zhenggang
Published: January 2016

The inclusion complexes formed in an anionic surfactant/β-CD system can self-assemble into rigid nanowires to form hydrogels with mechanical sensitivity.
A facile method for the synthesis of a porous cobalt oxide–carbon hybrid as a highly efficient water oxidation catalyst
Authors: Zhang Mei , Huang Yong-Liang , Wang Jia-Wei , Lu Tong-Bu
Published: January 2016

A cobalt oxide–carbon hybrid was synthesized, which exhibited outstanding chemical, photochemical and electrochemical water oxidation catalytic activity.
Relativistic electronic structure and band alignment of BiSI and BiSeI: candidate photovoltaic materials
Authors: Ganose Alex M. , Butler Keith T. , Walsh Aron , Scanlon David O.
Published: January 2016

Bismuth-based solar absorbers are of interest due to similarities in the chemical properties of bismuth halides and the exceptionally efficient lead halide hybrid perovskites. Here, we computationally screen BiSI and BiSeI and show they possess electronic structures ideal for solar cell applications.
Ultralight, compressible and multifunctional carbon aerogels based on natural tubular cellulose
Authors: Zhang Junping , Li Bucheng , Li Lingxiao , Wang Aiqin
Published: January 2016

Carbon aerogels feature ultralow density (1–2 mg cm−3), high compressibility, high electrical conductivity (0.1 S cm−1), excellent fire-resistance and very high absorption capacity (147–292 g g−1) for organic liquids are prepared. Furthermore, the carbon aerogels can be easily endowed with various other functions, e.g., magnetic responsivity and superhydrophobicity.
Constructing efficient ion nanochannels in alkaline anion exchange membranes by the in situ assembly of a poly(ionic liquid) in metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Li Zhen , Wang Wenyu , Chen Yijing , Xiong Chuanye , He Guangwei , Cao Ying , Wu Hong , Guiver Michael D. , Jiang Zhongyi
Published: January 2016

Construction of ion nanochannels by entrapping an in situ assembled ion-conductive poly(ionic liquid) in the highly ordered interconnected pores of MOFs.
Effect of bimetallic iron:zinc nanoparticles on collagen stabilization
Authors: Srivatsan K. V. , Lakra Rachita , Purna Sai K. , Kiran M. S.
Published: January 2016

The ability of bimetallic iron:zinc nanoparticle to stabilize collagen for tissue engineering and leather tanning application has been studied.
Electrochromic properties of vertically aligned Ni-doped WO3 nanostructure films and their application in complementary electrochromic devices
Authors: Zhou Junling , Wei Youxiu , Luo Gui , Zheng Jianming , Xu Chunye
Published: January 2016

High-contrast electrochromic device of tunable color change from transparent to black were achieved with vertically aligned Ni-doped WO3 films.
In silico prediction of hERG potassium channel blockage by chemical category approaches
Authors: Zhang Chen , Zhou Yuan , Gu Shikai , Wu Zengrui , Wu Wenjie , Liu Changming , Wang Kaidong , Liu Guixia , Li Weihua , Lee Philip W. , Tang Yun
Published: January 2016

A series of models of hERG blockage were built using five machine learning methods based on 13 molecular descriptors, five types of fingerprints and molecular descriptors combining fingerprints at four blockage thresholds.
Synthesis and evaluation of a desymmetrised synthetic lectin: an approach to carbohydrate receptors with improved versatility
Authors: Mooibroek Tiddo J. , Crump Matthew P. , Davis Anthony P.
Published: January 2016

A new design for carbohydrate receptors features unmatched apolar surfaces, and could lead to selectivities for a broader range of substrates.
Thermal modelling of transfer‐bonded thin‐film gallium arsenide laser diode
Authors: Quan Zhi H. , Justice John , Mooney Marcus B. , Gubbins Mark A. , Parbrook Peter J. , Corbett Brian
Published: January 2016

Two‐dimensional temperature distributions of thin‐film edge‐emitting gallium arsenide (GaAs) 3 μm wide ridge lasers transfer‐bonded to substrates with different thermal conductivities, k, were simulated in COMSOL. The thermal resistance, Rth, is compared with a simplified steady‐state analytic expression. The effects of laser cavity length, thickness of dielectric passivation layer, contact metal layer thickness and submount material are investigated in order to reduce the thermal resistance of the laser when referenced to lasers with the native GaAs substrate. The simulations show the importance in reducing the GaAs substrate thickness especially for short cavity lengths. The Rth of a 200 μm long laser with the substrate fully removed is 37.5 K/W, compared with 230 K/W for the laser with a 100 μm thick GaAs substrate. Increased p‐contact metal thickness and reduced dielectric layer thickness further reduce Rth. If alumina (k = 1.35 W/mK) is used as a submount, its thickness above a perfect heat sink should be minimised to decrease the junction temperature. A 10 μm thick silicon submount (k = 150 W/mK) above a perfect heat sink provides an acceptably low Rth.
Trilinear decomposition‐based spatial‐polarisational filter method for deception jamming suppression of radar
Authors: Xiong Wei , Zhang Gong , Wen Fangqing , Zhang Yu , Yin Jiejun
Published: January 2016

This study focuses on the problem of deception jamming suppression for a radar system and an effective spatial‐polarisational filter strategy is outlined based on the spatial and polarisational parameter joint estimates. It can make the false target filtered effectively and the desired target remained with an improved signal‐to‐jammer‐noise ratio. In this scheme, the trilinear decomposition model is first employed to obtain paired 2D direction of arrive and polarisation parameter joint estimates of the target and jammer. Then a spatial‐polarisational oblique projection filter operator based on the joint estimates is constructed and utilised to project the received mixed return of radar onto to the target echo sublinear space so as to suppress the jamming. Meanwhile, the complexity of the above jamming suppression algorithm is presented and the working flow of a radar system equipped with a polarisation sensitive array for countering the deception jammer is also presented. Simulation results demonstrate the performance of the proposed scheme.
Nonlinear internal wave penetration via parametric subharmonic instability
Authors: Ghaemsaidi S. J. , Joubaud S. , Dauxois T. , Odier P. , Peacock T.
Published: January 2016

We present the results of a laboratory experimental study of an internal wave field generated by harmonic, spatially periodic boundary forcing from above of a density stratification comprising a strongly stratified, thin upper layer sitting atop a weakly stratified, deep lower layer. In linear regimes, the energy flux associated with relatively high frequency internal waves excited in the upper layer is prevented from entering the lower layer by virtue of evanescent decay of the wave field. In the experiments, however, we find that the development of parametric subharmonic instability in the upper layer transfers energy from the forced primary wave into a pair of subharmonic daughter waves, each capable of penetrating the weakly stratified lower layer. We find that around 10% of the primary wave energy flux penetrates into the lower layer via this nonlinear wave-wave interaction for the regime we study.
Full empirical potential curves for the X1Σ+ and A1Π states of CH+ from a direct-potential-fit analysis
Authors: Cho Young-Sang , Le Roy Robert J.
Published: January 2016

All available “conventional” absorption/emission spectroscopic data have been combined with photodissociation data and translational spectroscopy data in a global analysis that yields analytic potential energy and Born-Oppenheimer breakdown functions for the X1Σ+ and A1Π states of CH+ and its isotopologues that reproduce all of the data (on average) within their assigned uncertainties. For the ground X1Σ+ state, this fully quantum mechanical “Direct-Potential-Fit” analysis yielded an improved empirical well depth of 𝔇e = 34 362.8(3) cm−1 and equilibrium bond length of re = 1.128 462 5 (58) Å. For the A1Π state, the resulting well depth and equilibrium bond length are 𝔇e = 10 303.7(3) cm−1 and re = 1.235 896 (14) Å, while the electronic isotope shift from the hydride to the deuteride is ΔTe = − 5.99(±0.08) cm−1.
Numerical and experimental analysis of local flow phenomena in laminar Taylor flow in a square mini-channel
Authors: Falconi C. J. , Lehrenfeld C. , Marschall H. , Meyer C. , Abiev R. , Bothe D. , Reusken A. , Schlüter M. , Wörner M.
Published: January 2016

The vertically upward Taylor flow in a small square channel (side length 2 mm) is one of the guiding measures within the priority program “Transport Processes at Fluidic Interfaces” (SPP 1506) of the German Research Foundation (DFG). This paper presents the results of coordinated experiments and three-dimensional numerical simulations (with three different academic computer codes) for typical local flow parameters (bubble shape, thickness of the liquid film, and velocity profiles) in different cutting planes (lateral and diagonal) for a specific co-current Taylor flow. For most quantities, the differences between the three simulation results and also between the numerical and experimental results are below a few percent. The experimental and computational results consistently show interesting three-dimensional flow effects in the rear part of the liquid film. There, a local back flow of liquid occurs in the fixed frame of reference which leads to a temporary reversal of the direction of the wall shear stress during the passage of a Taylor bubble. Notably, the axial positions of the region with local backflow and those of the minimum vertical velocity differ in the lateral and the diagonal liquid films. By a thorough analysis of the fully resolved simulation results, this previously unknown phenomenon is explained in detail and, moreover, approximate criteria for its occurrence in practical applications are given. It is the different magnitude of the velocity in the lateral film and in the corner region which leads to azimuthal pressure differences in the lateral and diagonal liquid films and causes a slight deviation of the bubble from the rotational symmetry. This deviation is opposite in the front and rear parts of the bubble and has the mentioned significant effects on the local flow field in the rear part of the liquid film.
Effects of γ-ray radiation on two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanomechanical resonators
Authors: Lee Jaesung , Krupcale Matthew J. , Feng Philip X.-L.
Published: January 2016

We report on experimental investigation and analysis of γ-ray radiation effects on two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) drumhead nanomechanical resonators vibrating at megahertz frequencies. Given calibrated dosages of γ-ray radiation of ∼5000 photons with energy at 662 keV, upon exposure over 24 or 12 h, all the MoS2 resonators exhibit ∼0.5–2.1% resonance frequency upshifts due to the ionizing γ-ray induced charges and their interactions. The devices show γ-ray photon responsivity of ∼30–82 Hz/photon, with an intrinsic γ-ray sensitivity (limit of detection) estimated to approach ∼0.02–0.05 photon. After exposure expires, resonance frequencies return to an ordinary tendency where the frequency variations are dominated by long-term drift. These γ-ray radiation induced frequency shifts are distinctive from those due to pressure variation or surface adsorption mechanisms. The measurements and analyses show that MoS2 resonators are robust yet sensitive to very low dosage γ-ray, demonstrating a potential for ultrasensitive detection and early alarm of radiation in the very low dosage regime.
Effective medium theory of the space-charge region electrostatics of arrays of nanoscale junctions
Authors: Gurugubelli Vijaya Kumar , Karmalkar Shreepad
Published: January 2016

We develop an Effective Medium Theory for the electrostatics of the Space-Charge Region (SCR) of Schottky and p-n junctions in arrays of nanofilms (NFs), nanowires (NWs), and nanotubes (NTs) in a dielectric ambient. The theory captures the effects of electric fields in both the semiconductor, i.e., NF/NW/NT, and the dielectric media of the array. It shows that the depletion width and the screening length characterizing the SCR tail in the array correspond to those in a bulk junction with an effective semiconductor medium, whose permittivity and doping are their weighted averages over the cross-sectional areas of the semiconductor and dielectric; the shapes of the cross-sections are immaterial. Further, the reverse bias 1/C2-V behavior of junctions in NF/NW/NT arrays is linear, as in bulk junctions, and is useful to extract from measurements the built-in potential, effective doping including the semiconductor-dielectric interface charge, and NF/NW/NT length. The theory is validated with numerical simulations, is useful for the experimentalist, and yields simple formulas for nano-device design which predict the following. In the limiting case of a single sheet-like NF, the junction depletion width variation with potential drop is linear rather than square-root (as in a bulk junction). In arrays of symmetric silicon p-n junctions in oxide dielectric where NF/NW thickness and separation are 5% and 100% of the bulk depletion width, respectively, the junction depletion width and the screening length are scaled up from their bulk values by the same factor of ∼2 for NF and ∼10 for NW array.
Decomposition of cyclohexane ion induced by intense femtosecond laser fields by ion-trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Yamazaki Takao , Watanabe Yusuke , Kanya Reika , Yamanouchi Kaoru
Published: January 2016

Decomposition of cyclohexane cations induced by intense femtosecond laser fields at the wavelength of 800 nm is investigated by ion-trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry in which cyclohexane cations C6H12+ stored in an ion trap are irradiated with intense femtosecond laser pulses and the generated fragment ions are recorded by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The various fragment ion species, C5Hn+ (n = 7, 9), C4Hn+ (n = 5–8), C3Hn+ (n = 3–7), C2Hn+ (n = 2–6), and CH3+, identified in the mass spectra show that decomposition of C6H12+ proceeds efficiently by the photo-irradiation. From the laser intensity dependences of the yields of the fragment ion species, the numbers of photons required for producing the respective fragment ions are estimated.
Localized surface plasmon-influenced fluorescence decay in dye-doped metallo-dielectric opals
Authors: Rout Dipak , Vijaya R.
Published: January 2016

Well-ordered opaline photonic crystals are grown by inward growing self-assembly method from Rhodamine B dye-doped polystyrene colloids. Subsequent to self-assembly, the crystals are infiltrated with gold nanoparticles of 40 nm diameter. Measurements of the stopband features and photoluminescence intensity from these crystals are supplemented by fluorescence decay time analysis. The fluorescence decay times from the dye-doped photonic crystals before and after the infiltration are dramatically different from each other. A lowered fluorescence decay time was observed for the case of gold infiltrated crystal along with an enhanced emission intensity. Double-exponential decay nature of the fluorescence from the dye-doped crystal gets converted into single-exponential decay upon the infiltration of gold nanoparticles due to the resonant radiative process resulting from the overlap of the surface plasmon resonance with the emission spectrum. The influence of localized surface plasmon due to gold nanoparticles on the increase in emission intensity and decrease in decay time of the emitters is established.
Combined effects of trapped energetic ions and resistive layer damping on the stability of the resistive wall mode
Authors: He Yuling , Liu Yueqiang , Liu Yue , Liu Chao , Xia Guoliang , Wang Aike , Hao Guangzhou , Li Li , Cui Shaoyan
Published: January 2016

A dispersion relation is derived for the stability of the resistive wall mode (RWM), which includes both the resistive layer damping physics and the toroidal precession drift resonance damping from energetic ions in tokamak plasmas. The dispersion relation is numerically solved for a model plasma, for the purpose of systematic investigation of the RWM stability in multi-dimensional plasma parameter space including the plasma resistivity, the radial location of the resistive wall, as well as the toroidal flow velocity. It is found that the toroidal favorable average curvature in the resistive layer contributes a significant stabilization of the RWM. This stabilization is further enhanced by adding the drift kinetic contribution from energetic ions. Furthermore, two traditionally assumed inner layer models are considered and compared in the dispersion relation, resulting in different predictions for the stability of the RWM.
Quantum dust magnetosonic waves with spin and exchange correlation effects
Authors: Maroof R. , Mushtaq A. , Qamar A.
Published: January 2016

Dust magnetosonic waves are studied in degenerate dusty plasmas with spin and exchange correlation effects. Using the fluid equations of magnetoplasma with quantum corrections due to the Bohm potential, temperature degeneracy, spin magnetization energy, and exchange correlation, a generalized dispersion relation is derived. Spin effects are incorporated via spin force and macroscopic spin magnetization current. The exchange-correlation potentials are used, based on the adiabatic local-density approximation, and can be described as a function of the electron density. For three different values of angle, the dispersion relation is reduced to three different modes under the low frequency magnetohydrodynamic assumptions. It is found that the effects of quantum corrections in the presence of dust concentration significantly modify the dispersive properties of these modes. The results are useful for understanding numerous collective phenomena in quantum plasmas, such as those in compact astrophysical objects (e.g., the cores of white dwarf stars and giant planets) and in plasma-assisted nanotechnology (e.g., quantum diodes, quantum free-electron lasers, etc.).
Controlling the carrier lifetime of nearly threading-dislocation-free ZnO homoepitaxial films by 3d transition-metal doping
Authors: Chichibu S. F. , Kojima K. , Yamazaki Y. , Furusawa K. , Uedono A.
Published: January 2016

Carrier lifetime in nearly threading-dislocation-free ZnO homoepitaxial films was controlled by doping 3d transition-metals (TMs), Ni and Mn. The photoluminescence lifetime of the near-band-edge emission (τPL) was decreased linearly by increasing TM concentration, indicating that such TMs are predominant nonradiative recombination centers (NRCs). From this relationship, exciton capture-cross-section (σex) of 2.4 × 10−15 cm2 is obtained. Because σex of native-NRCs (Zn-vacancy complexes) is likely larger than this value, the linear dependence of the internal quantum efficiency on τPL observed in our TM-doped ZnO and unintentionally doped ZnO in literatures indicates that the concentrations of native-NRCs in the latter are “lower than” 1016–1017 cm−3.
Short-wavelength interband cascade infrared photodetectors operating above room temperature
Authors: Lotfi Hossein , Li Lu , Lei Lin , Jiang Yuchao , Yang Rui Q. , Klem John F. , Johnson Matthew B.
Published: January 2016

High temperature operation (250–340 K) of short-wavelength interband cascade infrared photodetectors (ICIPs) with InAs/GaSb/Al0.2In0.8Sb/GaSb superlattice absorbers has been demonstrated with a 50% cutoff wavelength of 2.9 μm at 300 K. Two ICIP structures, one with two and the other with three stages, were designed and grown to explore this multiple-stage architecture. At λ = 2.1 μm, the two- and three-stage ICIPs had Johnson-noise-limited detectivities of 5.1 × 109 and 5.8 × 109 cm Hz1/2/W, respectively, at 300 K. The better device performance of the three-stage ICIP over the two-stage ICIP confirmed the advantage of more stages for this cascade architecture. An Arrhenius activation energy of 450 meV is extracted for the bulk resistance-area product, which indicates the dominance of the diffusion current at these high temperatures.
Computational study of transient flow around Darrieus type cross flow water turbines
Authors: López O. , Meneses D. , Quintero B. , Laín S.
Published: January 2016

This study presents full transient numerical simulations of a cross-flow vertical-axis marine current turbine (straight-bladed Darrieus type) with particular emphasis on the analysis of hydrodynamic characteristics. Turbine design and performance are studied using a time-accurate Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes commercial solver. A physical transient rotor-stator model with a sliding mesh technique is used to capture changes in flow field at a particular time step. A shear stress transport k-ω turbulence model was initially employed to model turbulent features of the flow. Two dimensional simulations are used to parametrically study the influence of selected geometrical parameters of the airfoil (camber, thickness, and symmetry-asymmetry) on the performance prediction (torque and force coefficients) of the turbine. As a result, torque increases with blade thickness-to-chord ratio up to 15% and camber reduces the average load in the turbine shaft. Additionally, the influence of blockage ratio, profile trailing edge geometry, and selected turbulence models on the turbine performance prediction is investigated.
Mechanical properties of Li–Sn alloys for Li-ion battery anodes: A first-principles perspective
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Ma Zengsheng , Jiang Wenjuan , Wang Yan , Pan Yong , Lu Chunsheng
Published: January 2016

Fracture and pulverization induced by large stress during charging and discharging may lead to the loss of electrical contact and capacity fading in Sn anode materials. A good understanding of mechanical properties is necessary for their optimal design under different lithiation states. On the basis of first-principles calculations, we investigate the stress-strain relationships of Li–Sn alloys under tension. The results show that the ideal tensile strengths of Li–Sn alloys vary as a function of Li concentration, and with the increase of Li+ concentration, the lowest tensile strength decreases from 4.51 GPa (Sn) to 1.27 GPa (Li7Sn2). This implies that lithiation weakens the fracture resistance of Li–Sn alloys.
Root gerunds in Old Romanian
Authors: Alboiu Gabriela , Hill Virginia
Published: January 2016

Gerund verbs generate root clauses in Old Romanian (OR), but not in Modern Romanian (MR). We argue that the root clause phenomenon arises from the presence of a null Assertion Operator in OR, which has been lost in MR. This Operator originates from the mapping of discourse features to syntax, but involves a marked option for feature checking (i.e., pragmatic versus syntactic), so it is easier for it to disappear in the process of language acquisition.
Beyond the subject DP versus the subject pronoun divide in agreement switches
Authors: Fernández Fuertes Raquel , Liceras Juana M. , Alba de la Fuente Anahí
Published: January 2016

Previous code-switching literature argues that no switch takes place between a pronoun and a verb, while Determiner Phrases (DPs) do code-switch. This paper uses code-switching acceptability judgment data elicited from three groups of English–Spanish bilinguals (2L1 children, L2 English children and L2 English adults) to test: (i) van Gelderen & MacSwan’s (2008) PF disjunction theorem intended to account for the DP/pronoun divide; and (ii) an agreement version of the analogical criterion (Liceras et al. 2008) which is based on Pesetsky & Torrego’s (2001) double-feature valuation mechanism intended to account for the different status of third person versus first and second person pronominal subjects. We show that the PF disjunction theorem is clearly rooted in the mind of the bilingual and that the Spanish dominant bilinguals can ‘relax’ its requirements to value person agreement features as predicted by the double-feature valuation mechanism.
Epistemic adverbs, the prosody-syntax interface, and the theory of phases
Authors: Giorgi Alessandra
Published: January 2016

Epistemic adverbs in Italian (e.g., probabilmente ‘probably’) can appear in several positions. Cinque (1999) proposed that they always occupy the same position above IP and that the various orders are derived via movement of the other phrases around them. In this paper I consider contrasts between sentences where these adverbs are associated with a “normal intonation” and those where they are associated with a parenthetical (comma) intonation. To provide an account for the distribution of parenthetical adverbs, I appeal to Giorgi (2011, to appear). I consider parentheticals as syntactically integrated structures, rejecting adjunction and adopting the cartographic approach, based on Kayne’s (1994) Linear Correspondence Axiom. As for the non-parenthetical occurrences, I propose that there are two basic positions for these adverbs, one for each phase: above v*P and above IP (Cinque’s position). The existence of a low left periphery above v*P agrees has also been recently hypothesized for other phenomena in Old (Poletto, 2006 and to appear) and Modern Italian (Belletti, 2004).
Participle fronting and clause structure in Old and Middle French
Authors: Labelle Marie
Published: January 2016

This paper is a study of over 1100 Old and Middle French sentences in which a participle has been fronted to the left of an auxiliary, in what appears at first sight to be a Stylistic Fronting construction. These sentences were extracted from the MCVF parsed corpus of Old and Middle French. The first part of the article examines the size of the fronted element. It is shown that the fronted element may contain a single head, or it may be a full VP or a partial VP. It is argued that (remnant) VP movement accounts for the set of examples. In the second part of the paper, it is shown that the fronted constituent does not target a single position. In some cases, it occupies an IP-scrambling position between the subject in its canonical position and the finite verb; in a smaller number of cases, it is scrambled to the left of the subject. The fronted constituent is also attested within the left periphery, generally in Spec,FinP, but when the participle is contrastive or otherwise focalized, it could be analyzed a occupying Spec,FocP. The French facts are discussed in a cross-linguistic perspective.
Some notes on falloir, devoir, and the theory of control
Authors: Reed Lisa A.
Published: January 2016

This article sheds new light on the structure and meaning of sentences containing the French modal verbs devoir and falloir, as well as on the syntax and semantics of Control generally. Well-known and previously unnoticed empirical facts are examined that support the author’s novel contention that falloir and devoir are syntactically and semantically ambiguous. These data are also argued to offer indirect support for the analysis of Control clauses recently developed in Reed (2014: Ch. 6 and 7), according to which there is a theoretical primitive (pro) and it is associated with a “minimal” feature bundle consisting of just [−expletive] and [+N] syntactic features, with a separate, post-syntactic Theory of Control determining its understood phi-features.
Effect of Cu/Zn on microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded Mg–Sn alloys
Authors: Pan Hucheng , Fu He , Ren Yuping , Huang Qiuyan , Gao Zhengyuan , She Jia , Qin Gaowu , Yang Qingshan , Song Bo , Pan Fusheng
Published: January 2016

In this paper, the effect of Cu and Zn addition on mechanical properties of indirectly extruded Mg–2Sn alloy was investigated. Mg–2Sn–0.5Cu alloy exhibits a moderate yield strength (YS) of 225 MPa and an ultimate strength of 260 MPa, which are much higher than those of the binary Mg–2Sn alloy, and the elongation (EL) evolves as ∼15.5%. Mechanical properties of the Mg–2Sn–0.5Cu alloy are deteriorated with more 3 wt-% Zn addition, and YS and EL are reduced as 160 MPa and ∼10%. The detailed mechanism is discussed according to the work-hardening rate and strengthening effect related to the grain sizes, second phases and macro-textures. Grain refinement and proper texture are believed to play a critical role in both strength and ductility optimisation.
Inhibition of the FKBP family of peptidyl prolyl isomerases induces abortive translocation and degradation of the cellular prion protein
Authors: Stocki Pawel , Sawicki Maxime , Mays Charles E. , Hong Seo Jung , Chapman Daniel C. , Westaway David , Williams David B.
Published: January 2016

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders for which there is no effective treatment. Because the cellular prion protein (PrPC) is required for propagation of the infectious scrapie form of the protein, one therapeutic strategy is to reduce PrPCexpression. Recently FK506, an inhibitor of the FKBP family of peptidyl prolyl isomerases, was shown to increase survival in animal models of prion disease, with proposed mechanisms including calcineurin inhibition, induction of autophagy, and reduced PrPCexpression. We show that FK506 treatment results in a profound reduction in PrPCexpression due to a defect in the translocation of PrPCinto the endoplasmic reticulum with subsequent degradation by the proteasome. These phenotypes could be bypassed by replacing the PrPCsignal sequence with that of prolactin or osteopontin. In mouse cells, depletion of ER luminal FKBP10 was almost as potent as FK506 in attenuating expression of PrPC. However, this occurred at a later stage, after translocation of PrPCinto the ER. Both FK506 treatment and FKBP10 depletion were effective in reducing PrPScpropagation in cell models. These findings show the involvement of FKBP proteins at different stages of PrPCbiogenesis and identify FKBP10 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of prion diseases.
Race-Conscious Professionalism and African American Representation in Academic Medicine
Authors: Powers Brian W. , White Augustus A. , Oriol Nancy E. , Jain Sachin H.
Published: January 2016

African Americans remain substantially less likely than other physicians to hold academic appointments. The roots of these disparities stem from different extrinsic and intrinsic forces that guide career development. Efforts to ameliorate African American underrepresentation in academic medicine have traditionally focused on modifying structural and extrinsic barriers through undergraduate and graduate outreach, diversity and inclusion initiatives at medical schools, and faculty development programs. Although essential, these initiatives fail to confront the unique intrinsic forces that shape career development. America’s ignoble history of violence, racism, and exclusion exposes African American physicians to distinct personal pressures and motivations that shape professional development and career goals. This article explores these intrinsic pressures with a focus on their historical roots; reviews evidence of their effect on physician development; and considers the implications of these trends for improving African American representation in academic medicine. The paradigm of “race-conscious professionalism” is used to understand the dual obligation encountered by many minority physicians not only to pursue excellence in their field but also to leverage their professional stature to improve the well-being of their communities. Intrinsic motivations introduced by race-conscious professionalism complicate efforts to increase the representation of minorities in academic medicine. For many African American physicians, a desire to have their work focused on the community will be at odds with traditional paths to professional advancement. Specific policy options are discussed that would leverage race-conscious professionalism as a draw to a career in academic medicine, rather than a force that diverts commitment elsewhere.
Pain and distress caused by endotracheal suctioning in neonates is better quantified by behavioural than physiological items: a comparison based on item response theory modelling
Authors: Välitalo Pyry A.J. , van Dijk Monique , Krekels Elke H.J. , Gibbins Sharyn , Simons Sinno H.P. , Tibboel Dick , Knibbe Catherijne A.J.
Published: January 2016

Pain cannot be directly measured in neonates. Therefore, scores based on indirect behavioural signals such as crying, or physiological signs such as blood pressure, are used to quantify neonatal pain both in clinical practice and in clinical studies. The aim of this study was to determine which of the physiological and behavioural items of 2 validated pain assessment scales (COMFORT and premature infant pain profile) are best able to detect pain during endotracheal and nasal suctioning in ventilated newborns. We analysed a total of 516 PIPP and COMFORT scores from 118 newborns. A graded response model was built to describe the data and item information was calculated for each of the behavioural and physiological items. We found that the graded response model was able to well describe the data, as judged by agreement between the observed data and model simulations. Furthermore, a good agreement was found between the pain estimated by the graded response model and the investigator-assessed visual analogue scale scores (Spearman rho correlation coefficient = 0.80). The information scores for the behavioural items ranged from 1.4 to 27.2 and from 0.0282 to 0.131 for physiological items. In these data with mild to moderate pain levels, behavioural items were vastly more informative of pain and distress than were physiological items. The items that were the most informative of pain are COMFORT items “calmness/agitation,” “alertness,” and “facial tension.”
Mitochondrial responses to prolonged anoxia in brain of red-eared slider turtles
Authors: Pamenter Matthew E. , Gomez Crisostomo R. , Richards Jeffrey G. , Milsom William K.
Published: January 2016

Mitochondria are central to aerobic energy production and play a key role in neuronal signalling. During anoxia, however, the mitochondria of most vertebrates initiate deleterious cell death cascades. Nonetheless, a handful of vertebrate species, including some freshwater turtles, are remarkably tolerant of low oxygen environments and survive months of anoxia without apparent damage to brain tissue. This tolerance suggests that mitochondria in the brains of such species are adapted to withstand prolonged anoxia, but little is known about potential neuroprotective responses. In this study, we address such mechanisms by comparing mitochondrial function between brain tissues isolated from cold-acclimated red-eared slider turtles (
Trachemys scripta elegans
) exposed to two weeks of either normoxia or anoxia. We found that brain mitochondria from anoxia-acclimated turtles exhibited a unique phenotype of remodelling relative to normoxic controls, including: (i) decreased citrate synthase and F
1
F
O
-ATPase activity but maintained protein content, (ii) markedly reduced aerobic capacity, and (iii) mild uncoupling of the mitochondrial proton gradient. These data suggest that turtle brain mitochondria respond to low oxygen stress with a unique suite of changes tailored towards neuroprotection.