bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Behavioral Confirmation and Reduction of the Natural versus Synthetic Drug Bias
Authors: Meier Brian P. , Dillard Amanda J. , Osorio Eric , Lappas Courtney M.
Published: March 2019

Research reveals a biased preference for natural v. synthetic drugs; however, this research is based on self-report and has not examined ways to reduce the bias. We examined these issues in 5 studies involving 1125 participants. In a pilot study ( N = 110), participants rated the term natural to be more positive than the term synthetic, which reveals a default natural-is-better belief. In studies 1 ( N = 109) and 2 ( N = 100), after a supposed personality study, participants were offered a thank you “gift” of a natural or synthetic pain reliever. Approximately 86% (study 1) and 93% (study 2) of participants chose the natural v. synthetic pain reliever, which provides a behavioral choice confirmation of the natural drug bias. In studies 3 ( N = 350) and 4 ( N = 356), participants were randomly assigned to a control or experimental condition and were asked to consider a scenario in which they had a medical issue requiring a natural v. synthetic drug. The experimental condition included a stronger (study 3) or weaker (study 4) rational appeal about the natural drug bias and a statement suggesting that natural and synthetic drugs can be good or bad depending on the context. In both studies, the natural bias was reduced in the experimental condition, and perceived safety and effectiveness mediated this effect. Overall, these data indicate a bias for natural over synthetic drugs in preferences and behavioral choices, which might be reduced with a rational appeal.
On the Assessment of Motor Imagery Ability: A Research Commentary
Authors: Dahm Stephan Frederic
Published: March 2019

The present opinion questions the assessment of motor imagery (MI) ability with questionnaires, particularly for subjects with low MI ability. Strengths and limitations of implicit and explicit tests that can be associated to MI ability are highlighted. Creative solutions are claimed to handle the various dimensions of MI such as modality and perspective preferences. Although most of the proposed tasks promote visual MI, variations of the tasks may increase the kinesthetic aspects. Ideas and directions for future developments to assess MI ability are discussed.
Fukuoka datasets for place categorization
Authors: Martinez Mozos Oscar , Nakashima Kazuto , Jung Hojung , Iwashita Yumi , Kurazume Ryo
Published: March 2019

This paper presents several multi-modal 3D datasets for the problem of categorization of places. In this problem. a robotic agent should decide on the type of place/environment where it is located (residential area, forest, etc.) using information gathered by its sensors. In addition to the 3D depth information, the datasets include additional modalities such as RGB or reflectance images. The observations were taken in different indoor and outdoor environments in Fukuoka city, Japan. Outdoor place categories include forests, urban areas, indoor parking, outdoor parking, coastal areas, and residential areas. Indoor place categories include corridors, offices, study rooms, kitchens, laboratories, and toilets. The datasets are available to download at http://robotics.ait.kyushu-u.ac.jp/kyushu_datasets .
Early Pulmonary Lesions in Cattle Infected via Aerosolized Mycobacterium bovis
Authors: Palmer Mitchell V. , Wiarda Jayne , Kanipe Carly , Thacker Tyler C.
Published: March 2019

Mycobacterium bovis is a serious zoonotic pathogen and the cause of tuberculosis in many mammalian species, most notably, cattle. The hallmark lesion of tuberculosis is the granuloma. It is within the developing granuloma where host and pathogen interact; therefore, it is critical to understand host-pathogen interactions at the granuloma level. Cytokines and chemokines drive cell recruitment, activity, and function and ultimately determine the success or failure of the host to control infection. In calves, early lesions (ie, 15 and 30 days) after experimental aerosol infection were examined microscopically using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to demonstrate early infiltrates of CD68+ macrophages within alveoli and alveolar interstitium, as well as the presence of CD4, CD8, and γδ T cells. Unlike lesions at 15 days, lesions at 30 days after infection contained small foci of necrosis among infiltrates of macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and multinucleated giant cells and extracellular acid-fast bacilli within necrotic areas. At both time points, there was abundant expression of the chemokines CXCL9, MCP-1/CCL2, and the cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)–β. The proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–α and interleukin (IL)–1β, as well as the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, were expressed at moderate levels at both time points, while expression of IFN-γ was limited. These findings document the early pulmonary lesions after M. bovis infection in calves and are in general agreement with the proposed pathogenesis of tuberculosis described in laboratory animal and nonhuman primate models of tuberculosis.
Enhancing Resiliency and Delivery of Bridge Elements using Ultra-High Performance Concrete as Formwork
Authors: Azizinamini Atorod , Rehmat Sheharyar , Sadeghnejad Amir
Published: March 2019

A feasibility study of the use of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) shell as a formwork is presented. The core concept of the research, developed by the first author, is prefabrication of UHPC shell which acts as a stay-in-place formwork. In the proposed approach, after transporting the UHPC shell to site, the construction of structural elements is completed by placing reinforcing cage inside the UHPC shell and post-pouring with normal concrete. The superior properties of UHPC provide excellent means to enhance the service life of bridge elements, while eliminating the need for assembling or stripping of formwork. As a proof of concept, a combination of experimental and numerical studies was conducted, results of which are reported here. Before conducting experimental work, numerical study in the form of finite element analysis was carried out to investigate performance of shell during placement of the normal concrete. To provide a baseline comparison between UHPC shell formwork and conventional methods, two test specimens were constructed and tested under three-point load setup. The shell test specimen demonstrated flexural strength, 14% greater than an equivalent normal strength concrete specimen. The UHPC shell test specimen failure occurred by debonding of shell at the interface and development of a large crack in the shell. The shell test specimen exhibited improved levels of ductility before failure. The preliminary analysis demonstrated that the idea is feasible and useful for accelerated bridge construction applications.
Variations in Blood Supply From Proximal to Distal in the Ulnar Collateral Ligament of the Elbow: A Qualitative Descriptive Cadaveric Study
Authors: Buckley Patrick S. , Morris Elizabeth R. , Robbins Colin M. , Kemler Bryson R. , Frangiamore Salvatore J. , Ciccotti Michael G. , Huard Johnny , LaPrade Robert F. , Hackett Thomas R.
Published: March 2019

Background:

The vascular supply of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) is unknown. Previous studies reported varying success in return-to-play rates after nonoperative management of partial UCL tears and suggested a varying healing capacity as possibly related to the location of the UCL injury.

Purpose:

To analyze the macroscopic vascular anatomy of the UCL of the elbow.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Eighteen fresh-frozen male cadaveric elbows from 9 donors were sharply dissected 15 cm proximal to the medial epicondyle. Sixty milliliters of India ink was injected through the brachial artery of each elbow. Arms were then frozen at −10°C, radial side down, in 15° to 20° of elbow flexion. A band saw was used to section the frozen elbows into 5-mm coronal or sagittal sections. Sections were cleared for visualization with the modified Spalteholz technique. Images of the specimens were taken, and qualitative description of UCL vascularity was undertaken.

Results:

The authors consistently found a dense blood supply to the proximal UCL, while the distal UCL was hypovascular. They also observed a possible osseous contribution to the proximal UCL from the medial epicondyle in addition to an artery from the flexor/pronator musculature that consistently appeared to provide vascularity to the proximal UCL. The degree of vascular penetration from proximal to distal in the UCL ranged from 39% to 68% of the overall UCL length, with a 49% mean length of vascular penetration of the UCL.

Conclusion:

This study found a difference in the vascular supply of the UCL. The proximal UCL was well vascularized, while the distal UCL was hypovascular. This difference in vascular supply may be a factor in the differential healing capacities of the UCL based on the location of injury.

Clinical Relevance:

An improved understanding of the macroscopic vascular supply of the UCL may aid in the clinical management of partial UCL tears and suggests an indication for these treatments with respect to location of UCL injuries.
Fostering Civic Awareness and Participation Among Older Adults in Hong Kong: An Empowerment-Based Participatory Photo-Voice Training Model
Authors: Chui Cheryl Hiu-Kwan , Chan On Fung , Tang Jennifer Y. M. , Lum Terry Yat Sang
Published: March 2019

Social and civic participation are important tenets for both the age-friendly city and active aging frameworks promoted by the World Health Organization. Yet older adults are often under-represented in civic affairs. This study examines the effects of using photo-voice as a method in facilitating older adults’ civic participation. Specifically, an empowerment-based participatory photo-voice training model was implemented among older adults with limited formal education in Hong Kong. We conducted three focus groups comprising 12 older adults and one in-depth interview with a social worker. Findings revealed that photo-voice is an effective tool in capturing older adults’ views that would have otherwise been difficult to articulate in words or in writing, and in enhancing older adults’ ability and willingness to participate in community and civic affairs. These findings underscore the importance of using novel techniques to build a more inclusive society that incorporates the views of older adults.
Safety and Putative Benefits of Tracheostomy Tube Placement in Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Grewal Jatinder , Sutt Anna-Liisa , Cornmell George , Shekar Kiran , Fraser John
Published: March 2019

Purpose:

Patients supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) have been reported to have increased sedation requirements. Tracheostomies are performed in intensive care to facilitate longer term mechanical ventilation, reduce sedation, improve patient comfort, secretion clearance, and ability to speak and swallow. We aimed to investigate the safety of tracheostomy (TT) placement on ECMO, its impact on fluid intake, and the use of sedative, analgesic, and vasoactive drugs.

Methods:

Prospective data were collated for all ECMO patients over a 5.5-year period. Data included the cumulative dose of sedatives and analgesics, fluid balance, inotrope and vasopressor requirements, and number of packed red cell (PRC) units transfused. Data were analyzed to determine the differences in the aforementioned between 5 days pre-TT and post-TT insertion.

Results:

Thirty-one (22.1%) of 140 patients underwent TT while on ECMO in the study period. Inotrope and vasopressor use was significantly less in the post-TT period compared to pre-TT dose ( P value = .01). This was in the setting of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores the day before TT placement being significantly greater than those on days 2, 3, and 4. There was a trend toward reduction in analgesic usage in the post-TT period. No major complications of TT were reported. There was no significant difference ( P value = .46) in the amount of PRC used post-TT.

Conclusions:

These data indicate that TT may result in a reduction in vasopressor and inotropic requirement. Data do not suggest increased major bleeding with placement of TT in patients on ECMO. The potential risk and benefits of inserting a TT in ECMO patients need further validation in prospective clinical studies.
Distinct Places to Address Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Piscitelli Anthony , Doherty Sean , Francis Stephanie
Published: March 2019

The concept of place can be used to address intimate partner violence (IPV). Place, to geographers, is a concept that helps explain how human experiences shape a sense of meaning surrounding locations. Using a grounded theory approach and qualitative interviews with service providers, we present a case study exploring how Brantford social service agencies apply placemaking strategies and take advantage of the elements of place to reduce the harm associated with IPV. Six themes arose in the interviews. Home, the women’s shelter, courts, and schools were found to represent unique areas where placemaking strategies help to reduce harm. Hair salons emerged as a unique place to reach victims, whereas prison was a place that encouraged offenders to make changes. These themes show the concept of place has the potential to add insights into how IPV can be reduced and the traumas facing victims addressed.
Examining Job Attribute Preferences Across Three Generational Cohorts
Authors: Brink Kyle E. , Zondag Marcel M.
Published: March 2019

This study examines whether job attribute preferences differ across three generational cohorts (i.e., cohorts of undergraduate students from 1995, 2004, and 2013). In 2013, we surveyed undergraduate students from several U.S. universities. We also obtained archival results from surveys administered to undergraduate students in 1995 and 2004. We found that salary/benefits, career advancement, and flexible work policies become more important across all three generational cohorts, whereas gender/racial equality increased in importance only from 2004 to 2013. Leadership showed no net gain from the 1995 to 2013 cohorts. Although most job attributes increased in importance, they largely have the same relative importance. Therefore, organizations should pause before making wholesale changes to workplace incentives and practices to cater to the new generation. To our knowledge, this is the first study to include U.S. millennial college students in the comparison of job attribute preferences across generations.
Investigation on stress distribution and pressure capacity of two-layer split high-pressure die based on finite element analysis
Authors: Yi Z , Fu WZ , Li MZ
Published: March 2019

In order to obtain a higher pressure capacity for the high-pressure die with a larger sample cavity, two types of two-layer split dies with a round cylinder and a quadrate cylinder were designed based on the conventional belt-type die. Finite element analysis was performed to investigate the stress distributions and pressure capacities of the high-pressure dies using a derived Mohr–Coulomb criterion and the von Mises criterion for the cylinder and supporting rings, respectively. As predicted by the finite element analysis results, in the two-layer split dies with a round cylinder, the stress state of the cylinder can be only slightly improved; and the von Mises stress of the first layer supporting ring can be hardly decreased. However, in the two-layer split dies with a quadrate cylinder and sample cavity, the stress state of the cylinder can be remarkably improved. Simultaneously, the von Mises stress of the supporting rings, especially for the first-layer supporting ring, can be also effectively decreased. The pressure capacities of the two-layer split dies with a round cylinder and a quadrate cylinder are 16.5% and 63.9% higher with respect to the conventional belt-type die.
Safety considerations on teenage pedestrian–bus impact
Authors: Golfo Salvatore , Virzì Mariotti Gabriele , Carollo Filippo , Argo Antonella , Barbaraci Gabriele
Published: March 2019

This work studies the impact conditions between the adolescent pedestrian and the bus focusing on head and chest injury. The injury to the head is analyzed using both the Head Injury Criterion (HIC) 36 and the HIC15 parameters as established by the most advanced legislation and comparing the risk probability Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS3+) and AIS4+. The parameter HIC15 gives a higher probability of risk with lower values, and therefore it can be considered more conservative. Moreover, the study of chest injury is performed with two different biomechanical parameters: the Thoracic Trauma Index (TTI) and the TTI(d); the last neglects the pedestrian mass. The results indicate that the parameters are equivalent for the assessment of chest injury. Instead the front pedestrian collision is characterized by 3 ms criterion. The results comparison with those obtained previously with other types of vehicles shows that, in all cases, the impact with the bus is most dangerous for the teenage pedestrian because of the higher values of the biomechanical parameters. Finally, the influence of the vehicle mass has been investigated, emphasizing how it cannot be neglected a priori. Numerical analysis results are in very good agreement with the results carried out experimentally, from several authors, in real accidents where buses are involved.
Supporting informed choice in acupuncture: effects of a new person-, evidence- and theory-based website for patients with back pain
Authors: Bishop Felicity L , Greville-Harris Maddy , Bostock Jennifer , Din Amy , Graham Cynthia A , Lewith George , Liossi Christina , O’Riordan Tim , White Peter , Yardley Lucy
Published: March 2019

Objectives:

To test whether a newly developed person-, theory- and evidence-based website about acupuncture helps patients make informed decisions about whether or not to use acupuncture for back pain.

Methods:

A randomised online study compared a newly developed ‘enhanced website’ to a ‘standard website’. The enhanced website provided evidence-based information in a person-based manner and targeted psychological constructs. The standard website was based on a widely used patient information leaflet. In total, 350 adults with recent self-reported back pain were recruited from general practices in South West England. The two primary outcomes were knowledge change and making an informed choice about using acupuncture. Secondary outcomes were beliefs about and willingness to have acupuncture.

Results:

Participants who viewed the enhanced acupuncture website had a significantly greater increase in knowledge about acupuncture (M = 1.1, standard deviation (SD) = 1.7) than participants who viewed the standard website (M = 0.2, SD = 1.1; F(1, 315) = 37.93, p < 0.001, η2 = .107). Participants who viewed the enhanced acupuncture website were also 3.3 times more likely to make an informed choice about using acupuncture than those who viewed the standard website (χ2(1) = 23.46, p < 0.001). There were no significant effects on treatment beliefs or willingness to have acupuncture.

Conclusion:

The enhanced website improved patients’ knowledge and ability to make an informed choice about acupuncture, but did not optimise treatment beliefs or change willingness to have acupuncture. The enhanced website could be used to support informed decision-making among primary care patients and members of the general public considering using acupuncture for back pain.
See You in Court! How to Avoid IDEA Transition–Related Mediations and Due Process Hearings
Authors: Greene Gary , Landmark Leena Jo
Published: March 2019

School compliance with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) transition services language requirements in this country has been an issue of concern to parents of students with disabilities as well as special education attorneys and advocates for quite some time. Evidence exists in special education case law about court rulings regarding poor transition programming and services provided by school districts to students with disabilities. The purpose of this article is to review literature on these legal cases, describe a small-scale study that investigated the most common transition-related issues mediated by special education attorneys in the state of California, and make recommendations to public school districts on how to avoid transition-related legal disputes on the IDEA transition services language requirements.
Care Coordination Models Improve Quality of Care for Adults Aging With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Ruiz Sarah , Giuriceo Katherine , Caldwell Joe , Snyder Lynne Page , Putnam Michelle
Published: March 2019

A significant gap remains between existing evidence-based care coordination techniques for the general population and those that have been successfully translated for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Two models funded through the Health Care Innovation Awards have dedicated resources to the translation of evidence-based practices in community or clinical settings. This study analyzes quasi-experimental mixed-methods evaluation data, including Medicaid/Medicare claims on more than 600 beneficiaries who participated in the two models and survey data, site visits, and focus groups with participants and caregivers. Qualitative data suggest that both models address key contextual factors, considering residential setting, health disparities, and heterogeneity of the population. We identify key improvements in health care quality related to timeliness, patient safety, and medication reconciliation. In addition, both models show some evidence of reduced claims utilization. This study represents the first step to understand the potential of care coordination to improve the lives of adults aging with IDD. As health systems continue to struggle to manage the cost of their most expensive users and deliver high quality care, these models hold promise as vehicles to reduce utilization and cost among adults who have lived long-term with disability by addressing their unique health care and social needs.
State Due Process Hearing Systems Under the IDEA: An Update
Authors: Connolly Jennifer F. , Zirkel Perry A. , Mayes Thomas A.
Published: March 2019

As part of its structure of cooperative federalism, the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act delegates to the states implementation, within broad specifications, of administrative adjudication systems. In light of the centrality of these systems of dispute resolution and the limited research to date, policy makers and practitioners need more current information about the variations in the state hearing and review officer systems nationwide. Based on a survey of state special education directors, this article provides an updated snapshot of due process systems in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Key findings include the following: (a) the increased predominance of one-tier, rather than two-tier, systems, (b) a similar continuation of the gradual shift toward full-time hearing officers who are attorneys, (c) a corresponding cumulative trend toward administrative law judge agencies, and (d) common problems concerning the length of hearings, the recruitment and selection of hearing officers, and their professional development, with the attendant responses in progress focused on additional training and revised procedures. Overall, in addition to the limitations of a relatively short and structured survey, the key contextual considerations included (a) the predominance of six states that account for the vast majority of the adjudicated hearings, (b) the wide variety among the remaining states, and (c) the interplay with the other indicators of dispute resolution activity, including filings, resolution sessions, and mediation.
Strawberry jams enriched with Acca sellowiana extract
Authors: Miraballes Marcelo , Martínez Mariana , Gámbaro Adriana
Published: March 2019

Polyphenols are a popular functional ingredient used in foods due to their antioxidant activity. The leaves of Acca sellowiana, a South American native plant, have a much higher polyphenol content than other popular native plants in the region. In this context, five strawberry jams were developed with increasing amounts of A. sellowiana extract. A panel of trained sensory assessors initially evaluated the sensory profiles of the obtained products. Subsequently, three jams were selected and were evaluated by 96 consumers in two instances. Coded samples were presented in the first session; in the second session, the consumers were presented with information on whether the jams contained antioxidants or not. In both sessions, the acceptability was determined and a description was obtained by means of a check-all-that-apply question. The original jam without A. sellowiana extract presented a polyphenol content of 310.0 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g and an acceptability higher than 6 in both sessions. A jam was obtained in which the polyphenol content increased to 467.5 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g, with a sensory profile and acceptability that were similar to those of the original product. Information on enrichment with antioxidants did not affect the acceptability, but it did modify the consumer’s perception, as the consumer showed a predisposition to perceive negative sensory attributes when the product was presented with such information but also perceived it as novel and a good complement to the diet.
Do Doppler Changes Reflect Pathology of Placental Vascular Lesions in IUGR Pregnancies?
Authors: Ravikumar Gayatri , Crasta Julian
Published: March 2019

Objectives

Doppler assessment of uteroplacental (UP) and fetoplacental (FP) circulation detects abnormal waveforms in intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) pregnancies. Similarly, histopathology also reveals lesions of vascular compromise in IUGR placenta. We evaluated an association between Doppler and histopathological (HP) assessment of the maternal and fetal circulation in IUGR.

Methods

IUGR cases with both Doppler and histopathology assessment were selected from our database. Doppler patterns recorded UP and FP insufficiency. The HP vascular lesions were classified as maternal vascular underperfusion and fetal thrombotic vasculopathy (FTV). IUGRs were grouped based on (i) presence of preeclampsia (PE), (ii) clinical onset (early vs late) of IUGR (early onset [EO]/late onset), and (iii) gestational age (term, T/preterm, PT).

Results

Abnormal Doppler waveforms were present in 69 of the total 88 IUGR cases (78.4%). The most frequent pattern was fetoplacental insufficiency (FPI) (66%) which was combined with uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI) in 49%. HP showed vascular lesions in 52.3% and most frequent was FTV (38%). PE-associated IUGR (n = 49) had higher UPI pattern (75.5% vs 43.6%, P = .004), while normotensive IUGR had higher FPI pattern (28.2% vs 8.2%, P = .01). EO-IUGR (n = 55) and PT-IUGR (n = 52) had significant abnormal Doppler waveforms ( P < .05) with higher combined patterns and brain sparing. Doppler was more sensitive for fetal vascular lesions than maternal (75.8% vs 66.7%). However, 42% of cases with normal Doppler findings showed HP vascular lesions.

Conclusion

IUGR pregnancies harbor significant vascular compromise. Fetal circulatory lesions were more common in IUGR pregnancies. In a significant number of cases with normal Doppler report, vascular lesions were identified on histopathology, emphasizing placental examination in all cases of IUGR.
A multi-body dynamic study of vibration of a planetary gear train with the planetary bearing fault
Authors: Liu Jing , Wang Linfeng , Ma Jinlei , Yu Wennian , Shao Yimin
Published: March 2019

Local faults including pits and spalls in any planet bearing can greatly affect the vibration of the planetary gear train, as well as the elastic support of the ring gear. However, the dynamic modelling methods in previous work can only formulate the local fault and the elastic support of the ring gear independently. To address this issue, a multi-body dynamic model for a planetary gear train with a local fault in the planet bearing and an elastic ring gear foundation are introduced to analyze the effect of local fault on the vibration. The local fault in the planet bearing is modelled as a rectangular one. Both the planet bearings including the radial clearance and ring gear with an elastic foundation are considered in the multi-body dynamic model. The contact stiffnesses and damping coefficients of gears and bearings are calculated by the methods reported in the literature. A Coulomb friction model is adopted to model the frictions between mating components of the system. In order to validate the proposed multi-body dynamic model, its simulation results are directly compared with those from theoretical methods as well as the experimental methods reported in the literature. Moreover, parameter studies are conducted to discuss the effects of local faults in the planet-bearing races, the sun gear speed, and the carrier moment on the vibration of the planetary gear train. The analyzing results of this study can provide some guidance for detection approaches of local faults in the planet bearings of planetary gear trains through vibration analysis.
Fault diagnosis of bolt loosening in structures with a novel second-order output spectrum–based method
Authors: Li Quankun , Jing Xingjian
Published: March 2019

This article presents a novel second-order output spectrum–based method for detecting and localizing multiple bolt loosening faults in complex structures with a sensor chain. This new method is developed based on a recently developed nth-order output spectrum estimation algorithm using only proper data obtained from a chain of sensors. The properties of the second-order output spectrum transmissibility of the sensor chain along physical structures with bolts are studied systematically. In the new method, the noise effect on accuracy of the estimation of fault indicators is investigated as well. The new method also considers more general nonlinear restoring forces not only due to faults but also due to inherent nonlinearity in structure when deriving the properties of the second-order output spectrum transmissibility. Extensive simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the second-order output spectrum of the studied structure can be estimated efficiently, and the second-order output spectrum transmissibility can be used as an effective and reliable damage indicator for the detection and localization of multiple bolt loosening faults in complex bolted structures.
Endovascular Treatment Versus Open Surgery for Isolated Iliac Artery Aneurysms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xiang Yuwei , Chen Xiyang , Zhao Jichun , Huang Bin , Yuan Ding , Yang Yi
Published: March 2019

Objective:

The aim of this review was to compare the outcomes of endovascular treatment (ET) versus open surgery (OS) for patients with isolated iliac artery aneurysms (IIAAs).

Methods:

Studies that reported ET and OS for IIAAs were searched in databases until December 5, 2018. Studies were included for reporting both ET and OS for patients with IIAAs, and at least one of the following outcomes: postoperative mortality, postoperative ischemic complications (PIC), wound complications, blood transfusion, and length of hospital stay (LHS). We adopted Inverse Variance method to calculate the mean difference (MD) of LHS, and adopted Mantel–Haenszel method for odds ratios (ORs) of postoperative mortality, PICs, wound complications, and blood transfusion.

Results:

Nine studies were included, and all of them were observational studies, 7 studies were available for meta-analysis. When compared with OS, ET was associated with a higher risk of PICs (OR: 3.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-10.02), a lower risk of blood transfusion (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.08-0.58), and a much shorter LHS (MD: −4.39, 95% CI: −6.18 to −2.60). The postoperative mortality and wound complication were similar between groups.

Conclusion:

Both ET and OS were safe and effective methods to repair IIAAs with similar postoperative mortality. Compared with OS, ET can reduce the need for transfusion and the time of LHS, but it was associated with a higher risk of PICs. The comparisons of primary patency and reintervention rates were still unclear between the 2 groups.
Kübler-Ross and the Re-visioning of Death as Loss: Religious Appropriation and Responses
Authors: Bregman Lucy
Published: March 2019

Fifty years ago, Elisabeth Kübler-Ross' On Death and Dying provided a model of dying as stages of coping with impending loss of one’s life. She sought to give dying hospital patients a voice; the result gave a new model for speaking about dying and grieving. This paper examines the model and religious appropriations and crticism of her theme of death as loss.
A two-step sequential method for device-free localization using wireless sensor networks
Authors: Wang Tingting , Hua Wendong , Ke Wei
Published: March 2019

The device-free localization that locates an uncooperative target by analyzing its shadowing effect on wireless links in low-cost wireless sensor networks has become an attractive technique. Due to its ability of realizing localization without the need of equipping the target with any wireless device, device-free localization has lots of potential applications ranging from emergency rescue to patient monitoring. However, since the change of the received signal strength on links easily becomes unpredictable due to all kinds of dynamical factors, device-free localization is still a challenging problem. In this article, we propose a novel two-step sequential device-free localization method to enhance device-free localization performance. The sequential device-free localization first utilizes the geometric-based method to quickly obtain the coarse positioning result with low storage and computational requirements, and then exploits the location information of selected wireless nodes to improve the accuracy of the geometric-based localization result based on the optimization-based method, which ensures its robust performance. Experimental results in indoor and outdoor scenarios demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed scheme.
Feeling Under Pressure: Perspectives of the Meaning of Love and Sexual Relationships Amongst Young Men in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa
Authors: Manyaapelo Thabang , Sifunda Sibusiso , Ruiter Robert A.C. , Nyembezi Anam , van den Borne Bart , Reddy Priscilla
Published: March 2019

This study aimed to explore perspectives on the meaning of love and sexual relations amongst young men in KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. Gaining insights into these perspectives will help to understand the sexual behaviors of these young men better and to eventually develop more effective HIV prevention interventions. Focus group discussions were conducted in two study areas using a predetermined semistructured discussion guide. The findings indicate that the phenomenon of romantic relationship try-outs together with the idea of “feeling under pressure” to propose love to more than one woman seem to be accepted practices that often lead to multiple concurrent sexual partners and therefore potentially risky sexual behaviors. The fear of impregnating a woman is seen to be of a more significant concern than acquiring a sexually transmitted infection due to the stigma and embarrassment associated with pregnancy outside marriage. Given these findings, it is recommended that future studies investigate perspectives on sexuality and reproductive health in male populations in great detail prior to the development of behavioral change interventions because failure to do so may hamper well-intended but poorly targeted health interventions.
Subcutaneous Transposition of the Flexor Pollicis Longus: Does It Provide Increased Length for Tendon Repair? A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Wu Chia H. , Shoap Seth , Strauch Robert J.
Published: March 2019

Background: Flexor pollicis longus (FPL) tendon lacerations typically occur via sharp mechanisms such as knife injury. When the injury is chronic, it may be difficult to perform a tension free repair, and tendon lengthening may be required. This article proposes a technique that transposes the proximal tendon stump over the thenar eminence subcutaneously, out of the carpal tunnel, in an attempt to gain additional tendon length by eliminating the sharp turn the FPL takes. Methods: A total of 17 cadaveric hands were used. The FPL tendon was identified and affixed to soft tissue in the distal forearm as well as at the thumb metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint with hypodermic needles. The tendon was then transected at the level of the MP joint of the thumb, removed from the carpal tunnel, and transposed on top of the thenar eminence to reach where it had been transected. The length gained by transposing the tendon was recorded by measuring the overlap of the tendon ends at the MP joint. Results: The mean amount lengthened was 7.6 mm with a standard deviation of 2.4 mm, ranging from as little as 5 mm to as high as 13 mm. Conclusions: To our knowledge, transposition of FPL tendon is a novel technique that has not been reported. Based on our cadaveric study, it can be used to bridge gaps between approximately 5 mm and 10 mm. Clinically, this amount of gap could potentially be more easily managed by simply making the repair tighter than usual as opposed to transposing the tendon.
Can silicone models replace animal models in hands-on training for endovascular stroke therapy?
Authors: Sandmann Johanna , Müschenich Franziska Sonja , Riabikin Alexander , Kramer Martin , Wiesmann Martin , Nikoubashman Omid
Published: March 2019

Purpose

Since thrombectomy has become a standard treatment technique for stroke, there is great demand for well-trained interventionalists. We offer practical courses on both silicone models and porcine models, and conducted a survey to evaluate whether ex vivo training models could replace in vivo models in the future.

Methods

In total, 110 neurointerventionalists participating in 30 training courses were included in our survey using a semi-structured questionnaire.

Results

The level of experience in thrombectomy maneuvers was almost balanced in our sample (52% experienced and 48% less-experienced participants). Silicone models were regarded as useful training tools regardless of the participants' experience ( p = 1.000): 94% of less-experienced and 92% of experienced participants considered a silicone model to be a useful introduction for training with animal models. Of the participants, 95% indicated that training on animal models was helpful and necessary, even if they already had experience in performing interventions in humans ( p = 1.000). After joining this course, 97% of all participants felt well prepared to perform thrombectomies in humans.

Conclusion

Even experienced participants benefit from silicone models. Silicone models are a good preparation for animal models but cannot replace them. Categorizing participants depending on their experience and their individual needs before practical training may allow for more efficient endovascular training.
Are professional footballers becoming lighter and more ectomorphic? Implications for talent identification and development
Authors: Nevill Alan M , Okojie Daniel I , Smith Julian , O'Donoghue Peter G , Webb Tom
Published: March 2019

The identification and development of talent is an essential component of modern professional football. The recognition of key physical characteristics of such footballers who successfully progress through talent development programs is of considerable interest to academics and those working in professional football. Using Football Yearbooks, we obtained the height, body mass and ages of all players from the English top-division over the seasons 1973–4, 1983–4, 1993–4, 2003–4 and 2013–4, calculating body-mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) and reciprocal ponderal index (RPI) (cm/kg0.333). The mean squad size increased over these decades from n = 22.4 (1973–4) to n = 27.8 (2013–4). Height also increased linearly by approximately 1.2 cm per decade. Body mass increased in the first four decades, but declined in the final season (2013–4). Regression analysis confirmed inverted “u” shape trends in both body mass and BMI, but a “J” shape trend in RPI, indicating that English top-division professional footballers are getting more angular and ectomorphic. We speculate that this recent decline in BMI and rise in RPI is due to improved quality of pitches and increased work-load required by modern-day players. Defenders were also found to be significantly taller, heavier, older and, assuming BMI is positively associated with lean mass, more muscular than other midfielders or attackers. The only characteristic that consistently differentiated successful with less successful players/teams was age (being younger). Therefore, English professional clubs might be advised to attract young, less muscular, more angular/ectomorphic players as part of their talent identification and development programs to improve their chances of success.
Synthetic chemistry with friendships that unveiled the long-lasting mystery of lipid A
Authors: Kawahara Kazuyoshi
Published: March 2019

Endotoxin research in recent years at the molecular level has required chemically synthesized lipid A without contamination by other bioactive components. Total synthesis of Escherichia coli-type lipid A was achieved in the 1980s by the challenging spirits of the scientists at Osaka University, Japan. They clarified the role of lipid A in the immunological activities of endotoxin in collaboration with Japanese and German researchers, based on the friendships that existed between them. This article introduces the great contributions made by three generations of professors, Tetsuo Shiba, Shoichi Kusumoto, and Koichi Fukase, at the Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry at Osaka University, to the study over four decades of endotoxin.
Prevention of stroke in primary care
Authors: Shehata Mishkat
Published: March 2019

Stroke is a clinical syndrome that is characterised by rapidly developing signs of global or focal disturbance of cerebral function and lasting for more than 24 hours. Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability in the UK and a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Half of strokes occur in patients over 70 years in age. Strokes and the associated disability have a major socioeconomic impact, and prevention of stroke is an important challenge for primary care. Important modifiable risk factors for stroke have been identified. This article briefly outlines the types of stroke that occur, before detailing how GPs and other health professionals can prevent strokes by lifestyle modification and pharmacotherapy.
Patient outcomes in GuideLiner facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention stratified by the SYNTAX score: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Liu Shuangbo , Parr Christopher , Zhang Hannah , Elbarouni Basem , Shah Ashish , Kass Malek , Ravandi Amir
Published: March 2019

Objectives

To determine patient outcomes in GuideLiner facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention stratified by the SYNTAX score.

Design

Single centre retrospective cohort analysis.

Participants

A total of 540 consecutive cases facilitated by GuideLiner at a single center.

Main outcome measures

Successful stent delivery, in-hospital, 30 day and 1 year mortality rates stratified by SYNTAX score.

Results

The most common indication for GuideLiner was need for increased support for balloon or stent delivery (82%), 6% for non-coaxial guide, 9% for chronic total occlusion and 3% for selective vessel engagement. Successful stent delivery was achieved in 91% of all cases, with no complications occurred due to GuideLiner use. In-hospital, 30 day and 1 year mortality rates were 2.8%, 2.1% and 4.5%, respectively. The high SYNTAX group was associated with higher rates of initial TIMI score of 0–1; however, the final TIMI score rate of successful delivery and complications did not differ between groups. In-hospital and 1 year mortality rates were higher in the higher SYNTAX groups.

Conclusions

The GuideLiner is an easy to use guide catheter extension system with high rates of success and low rates of complications, across all SYNTAX groups.
Discrepancies between patients’ and pharmacists’ perceptions of the role of community pharmacists as advisors on the use of pharmaceuticals in Japan: A comparison prior to and following revision of the Pharmacists’ Act
Authors: Oshima Shinji , Yamagishi Mari , Okita Mitsuyoshi , Akimoto Hayato , Negishi Akio , Horii Norimitsu , Mutoh Mizue , Sannomaru Yasuko , Numajiri Sachihiko , Inoue Naoko , Ohshima Shigeru , Wada Masahiro , Kobayashi Daisuke
Published: March 2019

Objectives:

In 2014, immediately prior to the revision of Article 25-2 of the Pharmacists’ Act, we conducted a survey on pharmacists’ and patients’ perceptions of pharmacists’ roles. A role discrepancy between the two was identified. The objective was to examine changes in role perceptions and awareness of pharmacists as medication specialists following revision to the Pharmacists’ Act.

Methods:

The survey was conducted using an Internet-based questionnaire. A total of 469 patients and 354 pharmacists responded to 12 questions about the perceived roles of pharmacists.

Results:

Analysis revealed that the only evaluation that changed as a result of revisions was pharmacists’ role as “family or regular pharmacist,” with scores dropping by about half. As in 2014, the high rating rate for pharmacists surpassed the high rating of patients for all other items. The greatest discrepancy in role perception was observed for the same three items (“Understanding the effects of the drugs the patients are taking,” “Understanding the health changes caused by the drugs dispensed to the patients,” and “Consciously protecting patients from the adverse effects of drugs”) as 2014.

Conclusion:

A major role discrepancy continues to exist between patients and pharmacists, and it is necessary for pharmacists to take on a more advanced role in patient care. Results suggest that pharmacists must monitor changes in patients’ lifestyles and provide clear explanations for patients to rate them highly as medication specialists.
Exploring the effect of streamlining multidisciplinary care pathways on orbital trauma outcomes at a regional referral centre
Authors: Gillam Matthew , Mandal Niraj , Lee Vickie , Vora Vihba , Perry Michael
Published: March 2019

Introduction

Complex orbital fractures require multi-specialty input. The United Kingdom currently has no agreed best practice guidelines. A systematic review and meta-analysis found a significantly increased adverse outcome of persistent diplopia in patients operated on more than 14 days after initial injury. At our tertiary centre, we felt patient outcomes may be affected by investigative and referral pathway limitations so evaluated to assess and attempt to improve these.

Methods

This was a two-stage service evaluation study of all orbital trauma patients requiring specialist oculoplastic and orbital input. The initial phase included all orbital trauma patients referred to our department in April–November 2014. We assessed relevant key performance indicators and then implemented changes to our referral system, educated referring departments and formed a multidisciplinary team clinic to manage complex trauma. We then re-evaluated, collecting data on all patients referred March–May 2015.

Results

Most patients were male and victims of assault. Following intervention, there was a significant reduction in the injury to eye clinic review time (3.45 weeks to 2.22 weeks, p = 0.01) and multidisciplinary team review time (3.86 weeks to 2.71 weeks, p = 0.04). Injury to discharge time was significantly reduced from 6.15 weeks to 3.36 weeks (p = 0.002).

Discussion

Our study shows that a multidisciplinary team approach and structured pathways can improve assessment and intervention times for orbital trauma patients. This may have a beneficial effect on patient outcomes. In the absence of guidelines in the United Kingdom, we believe similar improvements could be implemented by other national centres and outcomes evaluated to assist future guidance formation.