bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Performance of Microelectrolysis in Improving the Biodegradability Landfill Leachate
Authors: Zhao Ling , Cheng Xiao Gu , Yin Ping He , Lu Gang , Suo Jun Chang
Published: October 2013

The aim of this study was to check the effectiveness of microelectrolysis for the pretreatment of a municipal landfill leachate with the objective improving its overall biodegradability, evaluated in terms of BOD5/COD ratio, up to a value compatible with biological treatment. The best microelectrolysis operational conditions for achieving the desired COD values were: pH=2.0; granular activated carbon (GAC) =10 g/L; mass ratio of zero iron (Fe0)/GAC=2:1; reaction time=90 min. The BOD5/COD was significantly improved from 0.12 to 0.31, which allowed an almost 85% removal of COD by a sequential activated sludge process. The results show that the microelectrolysis is a promising technology to improve the biodegradability of mature landfill leachate.
Equivalent Modeling of Large-Scale Photovoltaic Power Plant
Authors: Chai Yuan , Zheng Jing Hong , Shu Lian , Zhu Shou Zhen
Published: October 2013

This paper introduces the single unit model of photovoltaic (PV) system as the basic component for the modeling of the large-scale PV power plant. Based on the single unit model, the equivalent models of the large-scale PV power plant are presented in two different situations. As the general situation of the two in which the parameters of the inverter controllers are different, a clustering and equivalent modeling method based on the characteristic distance of parameter sensitivity is proposed. Finally, the simulation cases are provided to verify the effectiveness of the equivalent models.
Amino-Modified Hydrogen-Bonding Resin and its Adsorption on Berberine
Authors: Shan Yong Ping , Zeng Ping , Song Yong Hui , Gu Yu Ting , Galarneau Anne , Manero Marie Helene
Published: October 2013

A hydrogen-bond donor resin HX was obtained by modifying resin H103 . The adsorption effect of resin HX on berberine was determined. The adsorbing kinetic and dynamic mechanisms of resin HX and resin H103 was compared. The results showed that, after modification, resin HX could form hydrogen-bond with berberine molecules. In the adsorption process, two C-O groups on berberine molecules became the electron acceptor of hydrogen-bond and the N-H group on resin molecules became the electron donor of hydrogen-bond. The existence of hydrogen-bond enhanced the adsorption force, and led to bigger amount of adsorption.
The Effect of Diatomite on the Photoelectric Properties of TiO2 Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Feng Jiang Biao , Hua Ling Jun , Shan Feng Jun , Yan Zhi Gang , Qi Guo Chao
Published: October 2013

Diatomite/TiO2 composite films were prepared with diatomite and P25 TiO2 nanoparticles on conductive glass substrates. The surface morphology and phase composition of the film were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X ray diffraction (XRD). It is concluded that diatomite doped into the film will form granular cores. Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) were fabricated with the diatomite/TiO2 composite film as anode, and the photoelectric properties of the cells were tested. Results show that the doping of diatomite can significantly increase the open circuit voltage and short circuit current of DSSC. Optimized photoelectric properties can be acquired as 1.3 percent diatomite doped in TiO2 film.
Radial Basis Function Network Based MPPT for Photovoltaic System during Shading Condition
Authors: Abd Kadir Mahamad , Sharifah Saon
Published: October 2013

The output powers of photovoltaic (PV) system are crucially depending of the two variable factors, which are the cell temperatures and solar irradiances. A method to utilize effectively the PV is known as a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method. This method is extract the maximum available power from PV module by making them operates at the most efficient output. This paper presents Radial Basis Function (RBF) Network to control the MPPT of PV system. The performances of the controller is analyzed in four conditions with are constant irradiation and temperature, constant irradiation and variable temperature, constant temperature and variable irradiation, and variable temperature and irradiation. The proposed system is simulated by using MATLAB-SIMULINK. According to the results, RBF controller has shown better performance during partially shaded conditions.
The Energy Efficiency Research on Solar Photovoltaic and Photo-Thermal PV/T System
Authors: Zhang Zhi Gang , Cui Jin
Published: October 2013

Photovoltaic and photo-thermal integration PV/T system can efficiently produce heat using solar energy as well as generate electricity in a large scale. Based on the comparison test of solar efficiency between PV/T system with heat pipe cooling and tube plate PV/T system, whereas get the advantage for different PV/T systems in solar utilization.
Thermodynamic Optimization of the Organic Rankine Cycle in a Concentrating Photovoltaic/Thermal Power Generation System
Authors: Zhao Guo Chang , Song Li Ping , Hou Xiao Chen , Wang Yong
Published: October 2013

The selection criteria of working fluids for solar thermal organic Rankine cycle and the features of R245fa as a working fluid are analyzed. A thermodynamic analysis of photovoltaic / thermal organic Rankine cycle system and the influence of evaporation temperature of working fluid in the evaporator coupled with solar panels are conducted. The results show that the performance of the solar photovoltaic/thermal organic Rankine cycle can be improved by optimizing the evaporation temperature, and 130°C is an appropriate evaporation temperature.
The Influence of Height of LCZ on the Salinity Diffusion of Solar Pond
Authors: Gao Chun Juan , Zhang Qi , Wu Hai Hong , Wang Liang , Huang Xi Ping
Published: October 2013

The solar ponds with a surface of 0.3m2were filled with different concentration salt water and fresh water. The three layer’s structure of solar ponds was formed in the laboratory ponds by using the salinity redistribution. The performance and diffusion of salinity were xperimentally in the solar pond. The measurements were taken and recorded daily at various locations in the salt-gradient solar pond during a period of 30 days of experimentation. The experimental results showed that the salinity gradient layer can sustain a longer time when the lower convective zone is thicker, which is benefit to store solar energy. Therefore, properly increasing the height of LCZ is a good method to enhance the solar pond performance.
A Controlled Thermal Solar Desalination System
Authors: Liu Guang Yu , Yang Hang , Shen Guo Qiang , Xue An Ke
Published: October 2013

We design a controlled thermal solar desalination system that can operate at some desirable conditions automatically. The scarcity of fresh water in some regions pushes forward to the industry of water desalination. However, the existing water desalination technologies are energy-consuming and the cost is high. Here, a water desalination system is designed in such a way that the solar thermal energy is used to take place of the fossil fuel energy and the operation of the whole system becomes automatic. As a result, the proposed system is environmental friendly endowed with the green energy and the cost is reduced due to the elimination of the costly fossil fuel.
Research on Antireflection Characteristic of Light Trapping Film and Microstructure on the Surface
Authors: Yang Xing , Xu Zhi Long , Cheng Long , Liu Ju Dong , Pi Jun , Zhou Hai Feng , Huang Zhong Ming , Yang Xiao Fan
Published: October 2013

The technology of composite light trapping film with smooth surface crystalline silicon is presented as an effective measure to enhance the absorptivity of silicon solar cell based on macrostructure at the interface of film.Genetic algorithm,which can be applied for multi-objective optimization,is used to optimize the microstructure of light trapping film.The reflection of smooth surface crystalline silicon is minimized to under 8%,resulting in a remarkable enhancement of initial efficiency for silicon solar cell.
Review of Maximum Power Point Tracking Technology for Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Jin Nan , Gu Dong Dong , Cui Guang Zhao
Published: October 2013

The output characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) cells are usually nonlinear, influenced by solar irradiation, environmental temperature and load characteristics. The maximum output power of PV cells changes with external environment. In order to improve the system efficiency and make PV cells work near the maximum power point (MPP), it is necessary to adjust the operating point. A variety of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods have been proposed. This paper compares these methods and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of them. Finally, the key problems and development prospects of MPPT technology are analyzed.
Noise Analysis of Dual Solar Cells Network Using En-In Model
Authors: Zhou Qiu Zhan , Liu Xiang , Gao Jian
Published: October 2013

In practical applications,the solar cell is always used in the form of Solar Cell Module which consist of two or more solar cells connected in series or parallel. Therefore, the study of the Solar Cell Module reliability screening has more practical significance than the single solar cell. Based on the previousEn-InModel, this paper analyzes the Solar Cell Module consists of two solar cells connected in different patternsthe series and the parallel, and obtains the corresponding noise parameters. Then, the concept of connection matrix C is put forward. In the end, this paper gives the corresponding conclusions by comparing the measurement results. The results of dual solar cells network will be the basis for future research of the Solar Cell Module reliability screening.
Domestication and Screening of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Strain Resistant to Inhibitors in Lignocellulosic Hydrolysates by Acclimatizing Inhibitory
Authors: Luo Shao Hua , Huang Yong Wen , Chen An , Wang Jia Ling
Published: October 2013

In order to find the strains which can produce high ethanol yield as well as tolerate inhibitors on the lignocellulosic hydrolysates for developing the renewable bioenergy, the sepecial yeast must be explored. After acclimatizing 23 days and using five different acclimation media with sequential increase in the concentration of inhibitory compounds , a kind ofsaccharomyces cerevisiaestrain resistant to inhibitors was obtained . When the yeast resistant to drug and the parent strain grew in the same media which contained several inhibitory compounds 3.2 g/L acetic acid , 0.8 g/L furfural , 0.4 g/L formic acid , the new yeasts maximal ethanol yield can reach 0.428 g/g , up to 85.6% of theoretical ethanol yield. Compared with drug resistant yeast , the parent strains maximal ethanol production yield only can reach 0.246 g/g , up to 52.8% of theoretical ethanol yield . After 5 continuous ages , the average ability of producing ethanol was stable. Compared with parent strain, the yeast resistant to drug had good ability to ferment glucose and produce ethanol as well as tolerate inhibitors .The new yeast has extensive application prospect in the bioethanol production.
CFD Modeling of an Entrained Flow Gasifier
Authors: Gao Xiao Yan , Zhang Ya Ning , Li Bing Xi , Dong Lu
Published: October 2013

A 2 D CFD model was established to simulate sawdust gasification in an entrained flow gasifier using Ansys Fluent software. Syngas composition, syngas yield and syngas LHV were evaluated. The simulated syngas compositions were in agreement with the experiment results. The relative errors of syngas yield and LHV varied in the ranges of 2-15% and 1-9%, respectively. The results showed that the numerical model established in this study can be applied to simulate biomass gasification in entrained flow gasifier.
Combustion Characteristics of Biodiesel Derived from Palm and Rapeseed Oil
Authors: Chen Xiu , Chen Lei , Yuan Yin Nan , Lai Yong Bin , Qiao Xing , Cai Ling Ling
Published: October 2013

The chemical composition of palm and rapeseed biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester, FAME) was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Combustion characteristics of biodiesel were studied by thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry and collision theory. Combustion characteristic index C was put forward for describing biodiesel combustion characteristic. The reactive atom combustion mechanism was put forward. Biodiesel combustion process comprised three steps, viz., volatilizing, dissociating and combining. First, biodiesel volatilizes, viz., FAME (liquid) volatilize and became FAME (gas). Second, FAME, O2 and N2 molecular were dissociated into C*, H*, O* and N* reactive atoms. Third, C*, H* and N* reacted, respectively, with O* to CO2, CO, H2O and NOx, and released energy. The study showed that the biodiesel was mainly composed of FAME: C14:0-C24:0, C16:1-C22:1, C18:2 and C18:3. Biodiesel had a good burnability. Combustion characteristic indexes of palm methyl ester (PME) and rapeseed methyl ester (RME) were 4.97E-05 and 3.65E-05, respectively. The combustion characteristic had relation to chemical composition. The combustion characteristic of biodiesel was better with increasing saturated fatty acid methyl esters and length of carbon-chain, and was poorer with increasing unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters and unsaturated degree. The combustion characteristic of PME was better than that of RME.
Enhanced Fluorescence of SiO2 Balls/Ag/Glass Structure Using by Surface Plasmons
Authors: Chang Yi Tsung , Tang Ming Ru , Tu Wei Chen , Cheng Yu Chen , Chan Chia Hua
Published: October 2013

This study describes the absorption, transmission and reflection spectra of Ag/Ti/SiO2balls/glass and CHCl3:Alq3/Ag/Ti/SiO2balls/glass structures with 200 ~ 650nm SiO2balls, respectively. The enhanced fluorescence in a CHCl3:Alq3 (60nm)/Ag (70nm) / Ti (5nm) /SiO2balls /glass structure using by surface plasmons when the light was irradiated from the backside was observed. It can be applied to improve bio-plasmonic device, organic light emitting diode and solar cell optical devices efficiency.
Immobilization of Papain on Regenerated Cellulose from Ionic Liquids
Authors: Yuan Ya Mei , Li Qiu Jin , Yao Song Kun , Zhang Wei , Zhang Jian Fei
Published: October 2013

Films and beads of cellulose regenerated from room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride ([BmiCl) were prepared. In this work, regenerated cellulose (RC) films and beads were modified with NaIO4, and then papain was immobilized. The immobilized enzyme activities of RC carriers were determinated by BAEE (N-benzoyl-DL-arginine ethyl ester hydrochloride) method. According to the experiments, 5.0mg/mL of free papain was fixed to obtain the immobilized enzyme with high activity. Moreover, high content of cellulose regenerated from ILs (<saturated content) was benefit to achieve high activity of enzyme after immobilization.
Study on Turbulent Kinetic Energy in Closed Photobioreactor
Authors: Li Lin , Zhu Jun Ying , Rong Jun Feng , Liu Wei , Bai Cheng Gang
Published: October 2013

Microalgae are an important source for biodiesel, one kind of renewable energy. The turbulence of the algal fluid can be intensified through optimizing the structure parameters of the disturbing devices and the operation conditions in photobioreactor, thereby the algae production increased. Turbulent kinetic energy is the measurement of turbulence intensity. Through control variable method, turbulent kinetic energy is simulated by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Based on the simulation, the slope angle and interval distance of two neighboring disturbing devices whose cross section is a right triangle, the ratio of disturbing device height to the fluid-depth, and the inlet velocity are all optimized, which is effectively enhance the turbulence.
Analysis of Energy Consumption from Fossil Source of Soybean Transport Modes in Brazil
Authors: Bachi Dante , Tiago Filho Geraldo Lucio , Russo Seydell Maria Rachel
Published: October 2013

The transport sector is considered one of the sectors that cause serious environmental impacts and, being strongly associated to development, it is important to choose more energy efficient transport modes. With the growing environmental problems sustainability becomes essential in the transport sector by reducing energy consumption and pollutant emissions in the atmosphere. Accordingly, through the case study of soybean transport from Sorriso, state of Mato Grosso, to Santos, state of Sao Paulo, this study aims to define which mode of transport, unimodal or multimodal, may provide greater efficiency in the use of energy from fossil source, in both direct and indirect ways. The method evaluates the energy consumption in the life cycle of transport vehicles, ie, consumption and supply of fuel and energy embedded in fabrication. The analysis verifies the efficiency of the multimodal transport.
Preparation, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of F, Fe-Codoped Nano-TiO2
Authors: Yan Chun Yan , Yi Wen Tao
Published: October 2013

Pure and F, Fe-codoped TiO2 were prepared by sol-hydrothermal process, in which titanium (IV) n-butoxide, Fe (NO3)2·6H2O and NH4F were used as precursors. And the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N2 adsorption-desorption method. The results showed that the F, Fe-codoped samples were principally single-phase anatase structures, and the particles possessed higher BET area than that of pure TiO2. The photocatalytic activity and reusability of the catalysts under UV light (365nm) was investigated with neutral red as the model compound. The results showed that F (2.0%), Fe (4.0%) codoped TiO2 had the highest photocatalytic activity among all as-prepared samples. The kinetic study showed that this photocatalytic process coincided with the Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) pseudo first order reaction model.
Research of Influence of Obstacles on Three-Dimensional Hill Wind Field
Authors: Yang Rui , Wang Ting Ting , Xia Wei Wei
Published: October 2013

At different wind speeds, in order to study the impact of obstacle size and distance to the bottom of the hill on wind farm, using Pro / E generates the model of hills and upstream obstacle, sinusoidal model was selected to the hill contour, then Fluent was adopted to analyze the flow field, turbulence model select the SSK k-ω, inlet boundary condition was exponential function. Wind speed distribution and wind pressure distribution of hill surface at each case were depicted by the simulation results; the obstacle of conducive for wind farms was obtained by comparing flow field distribution of each case.
Control for Dc-Bus Voltage Using Grid Voltage Feed-Forward and Crowbar Circuit
Authors: Yang Xi Yun , Li Li Xia , Zhang Ya Min
Published: October 2013

The DC bus voltage is key variable for the operation of converter system in a wind power system. When grid voltage drops, a control of the DC bus voltage is needed to keep the smoothness of DC bus voltage for avoiding generator cutting off grid. A combined control method based on the grid voltage information feedforward with a crowbar circuit is proposed for a direct-drive wind power system in the paper. The unbalanced energy of the DC bus can be unleashed by the crowbar circuit during the dropping of grid voltage. At the same time, the output power of motor-side converter can be controlled to decrease according to the grid-side voltage information, and the mechanical speed of wind turbine and generator can be suppressed by the pitch angle regulation when the output power reduces. Thus, the DC-bus voltage can keep smooth. Results based on Matlab/Simulink simulation shows that this method not only improves dynamic response performance of DC bus voltages control, but also reduces the action time of crowbar circuit. It is benefit to the ability of the wind power system riding through the grid fault.
Research of Large-Scale Offshore Wind Farm Collection System Short Circuit Equivalent Network
Authors: Bin Liu , Cui Hong Wei , Xu Li , Wang Kun , Zhan Zhu , Guo Wei Hua , Shao Peng , Shen Xiao Wei , Jia Yuan , Li Xiang Shuo
Published: October 2013

This paper analyses the characteristics of large-scale offshore wind farm collection network and the impact of the medium voltage collection system optimization,while from the electrical technology point,it proposes the short circuit current of the collection network computational model and algorithms,based on the principle of equivalent circuit.Taking a wind power coolection system planned for a certain offshore wind farm planning for example, the validity of the model and algorithm is verified.
Analysis of the Impact on Power Grid Stability in the Respect of Wind Power Access Way
Authors: Dang Ke , Liu Si Tong
Published: October 2013

As a kind of new renewable energy, wind power has been used in power systems more and more. Wind power has a installed capacity more than 10% of the power grid’s where the wind resources are abundant in our country. Because the wind power has the characteristics of randomness, intermittence, uncontrollability and so on, we can’t be sure about the continuity and stability. With the increase of the wind power installed capacity, the influence of wind power is expanding. By applying the PSCSD, this paper analyse the power gird’s stability of different wind power proportion and different access points.
Control Strategy of Improving the Transient Voltage Stability of Grid-Connected Large-Scale Wind Farm
Authors: Lu Jin Ling , Shi Shao Tong , Lu Yang
Published: October 2013

Because mostly used variable speed wind turbines based on doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) do not provide with transient voltage support capability under fault conditions, the security and stability of grid is influenced by wind farms integration in the case of severe short circuit fault contingency occurred on the grid side. The modified power converter controller model with transient voltage support capability and pitch control model used for post-fault stability control are implemented in DIgSILENT/PowerFactory. The models validation and the contribution to transient voltage stability enhancement are verified by power system simulation containing large wind farms. From simulation results, it can be illustrated that modified power converter controller with transient voltage support capability can provide dynamic reactive power to support grid voltage recovery and the modified pitch control model can reduce mechanical power , preventing wind turbines from over-speeding and also providing more reactive power generation stability for the power converter controller in the duration of power system large disturbance. The conclusion is presented that the control strategy can effectively improve the transient voltage stability of the gird.
Optimal Capacity Configuration of Energy Storage System for Wind Farm Using Improved Stochastic Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Li Feng , Chen Min You , Li Xiang
Published: October 2013

Wind power generation is not stable and cannot supply constant electrical output, which challenges the attempt to integrate large scale wind power scheme into grids. Hybrid energy storage system (HESS) composed of super-capacitor and battery generally has strong complementarities on the technical performance, which can greatly improve the economic and technical performance of the system when it is used to smooth the volatility of the wind power. However, the main factor influencing the composite energy storage system efficiency is capacity configuration of the storage system. In order to get optimal capacity configuration of the HESS, this paper presents an optimization scheme to improve performance/cost ratio of the HESS while meeting the requirement of smoothing wind power fluctuations. In the optimization model, the power output average and maximum fluctuations in wind farm are taken as main constraints, and simulated annealing method is introduced into Stochastic Particle Swarm Optimization (SPSO) to improve its convergence, which creates an Improved Stochastic Particle Swarm Optimization (ISPSO) to seek the optimal ratio of super-capacitor and battery. Simulation comparison of ISPSO, SPSO and PSO verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the model for capacity optimization. Meanwhile, it can provide decision-making reference for energy storage system design of wind farm.
Improvement of High-Voltage-Ride-Through Capability of DFIG Based Wind Turbines with D-STATCOM
Authors: Li Guo Qing , Zheng Rui Feng , Chen Hou He
Published: October 2013

Along with the increasing of wind power penetration in the grid, much attention has been paid to the high voltage ride through (HVRT) capability of double fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind parks. To regulate the reactive power dynamically, the distribution static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM) has been considered to be a valid method. In this paper, the D-STATCOM device is applied to enhance the HVRT capability of DFIG during a symmetrical voltage swell at the grid side. The function, The configuration, operating principle and feed-forward decoupling control strategy is presented, finally the model of power system containing DFIG based wind farms and D-STATCOM is established in the environment of PSCAD/EMTDC, HVRT during symmetrical grid voltage swell is simulated. The validity of the proposed control strategy is verified by the simulation results.
A Novel Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalyst: Pt Surface Modified Bi2WO6-WO3 Composite
Authors: Yi Wen Tao , Yan Chun Yan
Published: October 2013

Bi2WO6-WO3heterojunctions were first prepared using hydrothermal method with the assistance of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). And Bi2WO6-WO3was further fabricated by depositing Pt on the surface using the photo-assisted deposition method. These catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR, BET and DRS. It is found that Pt-Bi2WO6-WO3acting as a novel visible light-driven photocatalyst exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity in degradation of Methyl Orange (MO) under visible light irradiation. The highest photocatalytic activity of Pt-Bi2WO6-WO3photocatalyst is attributed to the synergistic effect of Pt surface plasmon resonance and Bi2WO6-WO3heterojunction structure.
Estimation of Wind Fluctuation's Impact on Rotor Speeds Using Signal Correlation Analysis
Authors: Pan Hai Ning , Qin Ming , Zhang Jun , Chang Chao , Pan Lei
Published: October 2013

Wind turbine generator (WTG), with a large inertia in the time-domain, has a significant restraint to the high-frequency fluctuations of the wind speed. When analyzing and modeling the wind turbines electrical and controlling processes, its needed to quantify or estimate this inhibition. To estimate the WTGs inertia parameters, a digital filter is introduced to approximate the inertia transfer model of WTGs blade, drive chain and the generators rotor, by analyzing the correlation of the filters output and the generators rotor speed, the time window with the best correlation probability is selected as the restraint performance indicator of the blade, drive chain and generators rotor. The proposed method is finally verified by the simulation using the SCADA data.
MPPT of Wind Generation for DC Microgrid
Authors: Xiong Yuan Sheng , Qian Su Xiang , Liu Qing Song , Zhan Yan
Published: October 2013

In order to maintain the maximum output power of the WGS (Wind generation system) for all wind speed conditions, a boost converter is used as the power interface between the WGS and DC microgrid. Traditional method is to directly measure the real-time output voltage and current of WGS by sensors. Considering the DC bus voltage is actually stable, the output voltage can be computed by the duty cycle of boost converter and the stable DC bus voltage. A MPPT method is proposed, which only measures the output current of WGS. The output scale power can be obtained by the output current and the duty cycle, and then the perturbation and observation method is executed. A number of voltage sensors and associated circuitry are cancelled. It reduces the interference and system cost and improves the system reliability. Simulation results with PSIM prove the validity of the proposed method.
Performance Analysis of Coastal Wind Farms in Jiangsu, China
Authors: Feng Yan Hui , Jiang Yu , Qiu Ying Ning , Su Da Wei , Li Hai Feng , Huang Zhi , Liu Jin , Cui Yu
Published: October 2013

The operational performances of coastal wind farms, located at the east coast of Jiangsu Province of China, are reported in this paper. The result shows that although a rich wind resources predicted in this area, a strong variation of wind resources characteristics are observed between wind farms. Annual averaged wind speeds of five wind farms at hub height range from 4.8 to 6.6 m/s. In addition, the wind shear coefficient shows largely different although they appear to agree with coastal region characteristics. Ru Dong not only has the highest wind shear coefficient but also a largest range of wind shear coefficient variation amplitude. The Capacity Factors of the selected wind farms range from 16% to 27%. Ru Dong shows a lowest Capacity Factor of 16% which may due to the low average wind speed and high wind shear coefficient. On the contrary, Da Feng has a lower Capacity Factor with sensible wind resources indicating either an improved wind turbine technology or an optimized wind farm operational maintenance is needed to increase wind farm efficiency. The result obtained in this paper provides valuable information for future offshore wind farm development in China.
Offshore Wind Turbines Operation and Maintenance in China: A Case Study of Donghai Bridge Offshore Wind Farm
Authors: Xie Yuan
Published: October 2013

China has great potential in offshore wind energy and makes an ambitious target for offshore wind power development. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) of offshore wind turbines become more and more important for China wind industry. This study introduces the current offshore wind power projects in China. Donghai Bridge Offshore Demonstration Wind Farm (Donghai Bridge Project) is the first commercial offshore wind power project in China, which was connected to grid in June 2010. O&M of Donghai Bridge Project represent the state-of-the-art of China offshore O&M. During the past two and half years, O&M of Donghai Bridge Project has gone through three phases and stepped into a steady stage. Its believed that analysis of O&M of Donghai Bridge Project is very helpful for Chinas offshore wind power in the future.
Rotor Design and Performance Study of a Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine Based on DMS
Authors: Yang Rui , Li Jin Long , Xia Wei Wei , Wang Ting Ting
Published: October 2013

Specifically address the design of a 5KW H-type vertical-axis wind turbine (H-VAWT) with NACA 0018 airfoil considering the factors that affect wind turbine power. The double-multiple streamtube (DMS) theoretical model is analyzed and summarized and calculated by Matlab. The 5KW H-type vertical axis wind turbines aerodynamic performance is calculated by the model written in Matlab. The curve of the power coefficient as a function of the tip-speed ratio and the curve of the normal force coefficient and the tangential farce as a function of the blade position is given by Matlab. From the curves we can see that upwind rotor aerodynamic load is larger, downwind rotor aerodynamic load is smaller and there is a serious flow retarding effect in the rotor downwind area.
Investigation on Distribution and Habitat of National Medicine Red Ant
Authors: Deng Fang Yi , He Yu Song , Li Yuan Fang
Published: October 2013

Red Ant is a kind of national medicinal insects with important value, and is widely used as medicine in Lijiang. Its distribution and habit in Lijiang were investigated. The results showed that the insect is distributed in all the sites investigated including all districts of Lijiang. The relatively central distribution area of the insect is in Yulong and Ninglang. The suitable living area has the annual average temperature 13 to 19, average annual rainfall 750~1 100mm, average altitude 2300m. Red Ant live in the palce where full of sunshine and organic matter, such as the valley cold water terraces, the mud field ridge and the soil of pond . Its known that Red Ant can eat more than 60 kinds of food , which accounted for more than 30 species of crop pests .Its main food is the larvae of Lepidoptera Pyralidae.
Preparation and Recognition Performance of Chloramphenicol Molecularly Imprinted Polymer
Authors: Shen Hai Xia , Liu Quan De , Qin Jie , Tang Shi Rong
Published: October 2013

A new molecularly imprinted polymer, which can be used for selective adsorption of chloramphenicol (CAP) from aqueous solutions, was successfully prepared by precipitation polymerization. The adsorption kinetic curve, adsorption isotherm and selective adsorption were measured by static method. The adsorption kinetics of MIPs for CAP reached the equilibrium at about 11 hours. The maximum adsorption capacity was 43.395 mmol/g, and the MIP has much higher adsorption quantity than NIP. Competitive adsorption studies showed that MIP offers the advantages of selectivity toward CAP compared with NIP in the presence other antibiotics. The results showed that the MIP possessed good specific adsorption capacity and selectivity for CAP.
Study on Interactions of DFACTS Devices Operating in Distribution System
Authors: Chen Ji Kai , Yao Yan Ju , Wang Ling , Wang Zhan Hao
Published: October 2013

As distribution flexible AC transmission system (DFACTS) technology is an economic and effective means to improve the power quality, the applied DFACTS devices are increasing. Therefore, the interactions among the DFACTS controllers should be considered. The paper establishes the linearized model of a single-load infinite-bus distribution system installed with a distribution static var compensator (DSVC) and a distribution static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM), and the system transfer function can be obtained based on this model. Then, uses the relative gain matrix (RGA) method to analyze the interactions under different electrical parameters, drawing a conclusion that the interactions w ill be weakened when the electrical distances are increased and vice versa. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and the RGA method.
Defects Identification of Partial Discharge Map in GIS
Authors: Zhang Yi Long , Zheng Yi Hui , Li Li Xue , Wang Xin , Yao Gang , Zhang Yang
Published: October 2013

With GIS being widely used, partial discharge detecting and defect pattern recognition become more and more meaningful and important. To realize defects identification of partial discharge map in GIS, a novel method based on Radical Basis Function (RBF) neural network is proposed. Firstly, a model is constructed to simulate the discharge pattern map by the use of random function randint. Secondly, based on the model above, a lot of data which meet the condition can be collected to provide for pattern recognition. Then, a RBF network is introduced to identify the pattern recognition. It can be trained by using the data above. Finally, through changing training error, high correct rate can be got. These indicate that the method is effective.
Study of GIS PD Defect Classification Based on Adaptive Affinity Propagation Clustering
Authors: Duan Da Peng , Qi Wei Qiang , Liu Hong Jing , Cheng Xu , Li Yan Ran , Chen Xiao Xin , Ye Hai Feng
Published: October 2013

In order to classify and identify different types of defects in GISs, this paper introduces a novel adaptive affinity propagation clustering (adAP) algorithm, which is used for classification of UHF signals of four kinds of typical defects. The algorithm has overcome the conventional affinity propagation (AP) algorithms defects, namely inability to acquire cluster number accurately and inability to cease oscillations, by technologies of adaptively scanning preference space to search for the number of clusters to find the optimal clustering results, adaptively adjusting the damping factor to eliminate oscillation and adaptively escaping oscillations. Finally, validity verification is performed over classification results using a variety of validity indexes. It is discovered that adAP algorithm can accurately tell the number of classes and realize classification of different types of defects. It is also superior to conventional AP algorithm in regards of the processing time and the number of loops.
Development of an On-Line Monitoring System of Vacuum Degree in 35kV Vacuum Tube
Authors: Xu Lei , Xu Wen , Liu Chang Zheng , Liu Zong Jie , Li Jue Long , Ye Hai Feng , Jiang Xiu Chen
Published: October 2013

An on-line monitoring system of vacuum pressure for 35KV vacuum tube is designed in this paper. The operation principle, hardware structure and software plan are explained in details. The system can valuate the internal pressure of the vacuum tube by monitoring the static charge of the shields using electrical field sensors with rotating electrode. At the same time, the data-collecting machine and the controller are developed for long-range and on-line monitoring. The result shows that such system runs steadily and reliably. It can estimate the vacuum degree accurately laying 35cm from the vacuum tube. Besides, it is steady and anti-jamming with less-cost.
Binary Scale Time Windows FFT for Harmonic Analysis
Authors: Zhang Feng , Li Jue Long , Tian Chong Feng , Liu Zong Jie , Ye Hai Feng , Jiang Xiu Chen
Published: October 2013

Various harmonics exist in the electrical power system, and the harmonics include both integer harmonics and non-integer harmonics. It is hard to analyze all the harmonics accurately. In order to improve the precision of harmonic analysis and the minimum resolution, this paper presents a new algorithm named binary scale time windows FFT based on traditional algorithm.This algorithm considers the calculative time and precision well. The results of the test indicate that this algorithm can both guarantee the accuracy and raise the resolving power in the harmonic analysis without increasing the hardware level and the time of calculation obviously. It can restrain the increasingly serious harmonic pollution in power system effectively.
Analysis of Vibration Isolator’s Anti-Seismic Performance in Porcelain SF6 High Voltage Circuit Breaker
Authors: Ju Yan Zhong , Wu Xin Lei
Published: October 2013

Choosing LW15-550Y porcelain high voltage SF6 circuit breaker as the research subject, we designed the lead laminated rubber bearing (LRB) seismic isolation device for LW15-550Y circuit breaker. We finally gets the results that the LRB isolation system increases the flexibility of the breaker structure and improves the seismic performance of the high voltage circuit breaker structure.
Harmonic Analysis of Yindong ±660kV HVDC Transmission System
Authors: Yun Yu Xin , Liu Min , Yuan Hai Yan
Published: October 2013

Based on PSCAD/EMTDC simulation platform, this paper analyses the harmonics caused by the process of rectifier and inverter and DC bias of transformer in Yindong ±660kV HVDC transmission system. The results indicate that, characteristic harmonics of 660kV HVDC system AC bus give priority to 12k±1 time harmonics and bring serious influence to the AC system of the rectifier and converter station; the characteristic harmonics of DC lines are mainly about 12k time and the voltage ripple factor is in the specified scope; both the odd and even harmonic components are increasing significantly under DC bias than that without DC bias,which thereby makes the power transformers become the severe harmonic sources.
Research on the Application of New Active Inverter Technology in Battery Maintenance
Authors: Li Bing Yu , Xu Ke , Li Yun Ming , Li Xuan Yi
Published: October 2013

This paper presents a discharge inspection method based on new active inverter feedback discharge after comparison with the check discharge from pure resistance of power station batteries. A new active inverter system has been developed with SPWM pulse width modulation technology, which is based on DC/DC circuitry, along with a three-phase full bridge inverter and control topology circuits. In addition, the principle for selecting the parameters of RCL elements of the system has been analyzed. This paper also presents a detection method combining active detection with passive detection for the islanding effect which exists in the grid-connected discharge system, according to the islanding effect of grid-connected discharge equipment, so as to stably discharge without interference on the grid.
Environmental Safety and Health Issues Relating to Hazardous Wastes Generated by Chemical Industries
Authors: Jiang Bo Tuo , Jia Yan Qiang , Xing Xiao Long , Zhang Xu
Published: October 2013

The importance of chemical products in todays society is known, which can increase food production, improve the quality of life and extend the lifespan. However, their dangers are also obvious. In addition, a large number of chemical accidents, that produce chemicals, continue to take place in the chemical industries in spite of the great improvement in the safety management standard of worldwide chemical industries. Such accidents are taking place not only in the developing countries, but also in developed countries, which result in a lot of property loss, death and serious environmental issues with long term negative effects. Therefore, how to live with these substances and how to handle, use and dispose them safely have attracted much attention because chemical safety and risk management of chemicals have formed an international challenge.
The Design and Application of SVG for Low Voltage Distribution Networks
Authors: Li Jun , Zhang Lin , Liu Mei Juan , Xing Ge Xin , Li Wei Wei , Zhao Yi Qiang , Gu Xin Xin , Zhao Xiao Hua
Published: October 2013

SVG can compensate reactive power deficiency, suppress harmonics, improve three-phase imbalance and power quality more flexibly. There are very few small volume SVG products available for low voltage distribution network in the past. The generic SVG products are very expansive, thus not suitable for low voltage distribution network. Therefore, it is an urgent task to design a new generation distribution network SVG product that offers good value for money. This paper studied a SVG digital controller based on TMS320F28335 DSP chip. The fast and powerful computing and parallel operation capability of TMS320F28335 can satisfy the real-time, multifunction and multiple objective coordination control of SVG. Applied the instantaneous reactive power theory and adopted current direct control mode, an enhanced filtering algorithm to filter instantaneous sampling value is proposed. Automatic bi-directional compensation control strategy effectively reduced voltage variation at the user side. Its effectiveness is verified by an engineering project.
Study on Variation Rate Characters of Mid-to-Low Latitude Area Geomagnetic Field during Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Wang Xiao Mao
Published: October 2013

Geomagnetic field changes acutely during geomagnetic storms. According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, the change of the geomagnetic field produces geomagnetically induced current (GIC) in power grid, which directly damages the power equipment and threatens safe operation of power grid. The more dramatically geomagnetic field changes, the bigger geomagnetically induced current in power grid becomes, and thus, the greater harm it brings to power grid. In this paper, based on the H and D components of recent geomagnetic storm data measured by several mid-to-low latitude geomagnetic observatories, the variation law of the amplitude of north-south and east-west geomagnetic component change rate (dX/dt and dY/dt) pulse with geomagnetic latitude was analyzed when geomagnetic field changed very severely. Finally, the possibilities of power grid in different direction affected by GIC with the change of latitude were discussed. The analysis results will contribute to the evaluation, measurement and control of GIC in Chinese current and future power grid.
The Use of Adaptive Inverse Control in Cascade STATCOM Modulated by PAM+PWM
Authors: He Luan , Wang Xin , Zhou Li Dan , Zheng Yi Hui , Li Li Xue , Meng Bo
Published: October 2013

In order to lower the switching losses and harmonic ratio, improve the precision of the STATCOM in the same time, the adaptive inverse control based on PAM+PWM method is proposed in this paper. The combination of PAM+PWM method is presented to enable the system to achieve the quality of low switching losses and good harmonic elimination effect. Furthermore, considering the nonlinear and time-varying characteristics which are caused by the introduction of the PAM and PWM method, an adaptive inverse control method is designed to adjust the parameters of the nonlinear mathematic model constantly to improve the precision of the control system. The results of simulation show the correctness of the proposed method.
Condensation Heat of Turbine Exhaust Steam Recycling Research in Combined Heat and Power System
Authors: Li Shao Hua , Gao Long , Che De Yong , Lv Jing , Bai Zhang
Published: October 2013

Condensation heat of turbine exhaust steam is not only failed to use reasonable and effective in traditional thermal power plant, but also had a huge negative impact on the environment in the form of thermal pollution. This paper has a comparative analysis in condensation heat recovery technology programs of turbine exhaust steam, which is taken a certain 200MW CHP unit as the application object. Simulation and optimization analysis of the absorption heat pump technology is made for optimizing system parameters and operating parameters. The coal consumption analysis shows that absorption heat pump has a good energy conservation and emission reduction benefits.
Study of Anti-Nonextension-Entropy Weight Application in Microgrid Evaluation
Authors: Chen Ji Kai , Ren Da Peng , Li Hao Ru , Ai Xin
Published: October 2013

As a method in the evaluation of smart grid, anti-Shannon-entropy weight can compute index weight which is in even distribution or normal distribution, and a reasonable evaluation result can be obtained, but it is not fit for the weight computation when the index includes a distinctive event in non-unique small probability through the research. For the above problem, a novel index weight algorithmanti-nonextension-entropy weight algorithm is proposed and applied to evaluating microgrid. After constructing the typical microgrid evaluation indexes, some microgrids whose indexes include a distinctive event in non-unique small probability is taken as the research objects to find the difference of two evaluation methods based on the different anti-entropy weight algorithm, and the evaluation testing of microgrid is also performed using two methods. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that in comparison with the traditional evaluation method the novel evaluation method can not only inherit the merits of the traditional evaluation method but also obtain the reasonable weight of index including a distinctive event in non-unique small probability, which improves the precision of microgrid evaluation.
An Interactive Terminal of Home Intelligent Power Utilization Based on Z-Wave
Authors: Wei Yan Fang , Wang Li Chao , Tian Shu , Wu Yao Hui , Zhang Jiao Long
Published: October 2013

The concept of smart home is gaining in popularity. A new interactive terminal applied to smart home basing on Z-Wave is given. The interactive terminal includes control module, source module, level shift module, display module, Z-Wave communication module and peripheral circuit module, etc. The Z-Wave communication module is connected with control module in two-way mode, and communicates with smart meter, smart socket and intelligent switch. Also, Z-Wave communication module receives the tariff information from grid. Peripheral circuit module is connected with control module in single-way mode, and provides control module with clock information and protection. The installation of the terminal is simple and convenient. The terminal can be split easily, and also has the strong anti-interference ability.