bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Age-Adjusted Mortality From Stroke in Japanese Prefectures: Ecological Study Using Search Engine Queries (Preprint)
Authors: Taira Kazuya , Fujita Sumio
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Stroke is a major cause of death and the need for nursing care in Japan, with large regional disparities.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to clarify the association between stroke-related information retrieval behavior and age-adjusted mortality in each prefecture in Japan.

METHODS

Age-adjusted mortality from stroke and aging rates were obtained from publicly available Japanese government statistics. A total of 9476 abstracts of Japanese articles related to symptoms and signs of stroke were identified in Ichushi-Web, a Japanese web-based database of biomedical articles, and 100 highly frequent words (hereafter referred to as the Stroke 100) were extracted. Using data from 2014 to 2019, a random forest analysis was carried out using the age-adjusted mortality from stroke in 47 prefectures as the outcome variable and the standardized retrieval numbers of the Stroke 100 words in the log data of Yahoo! JAPAN Search as predictive variables. Regression analysis was performed using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with the number of standardized searches for Stroke 100 words with high importance scores in the random forest model as the predictive variable. In the GLMM, the aging rate and data year were used as control variables, and the random slope of data year and random intercept were calculated by prefecture.

RESULTS

The mean age-adjusted mortality from stroke was 28.07 (SD 4.55) deaths per 100,000 for all prefectures in all data years. The accuracy score of the random forest analysis was 89.94%, the average error was 2.79 degrees, and the mean squared error was 13.57 degrees. The following 9 variables with high importance scores in the random forest analysis were selected as predictive variables for the regression analysis: male, age, hospitalization, enforcement, progress, stroke, abnormal, use, and change. As a result of the regression analysis with GLMM, the standardized partial regression coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervals showed that the following internet search terms were significantly associated with age-adjusted mortality from stroke: male (β=−5.83, 95% CI −8.67 to −3.29), age (β=−5.83, 95% CI −8.67 to −3.29), hospitalization (β=−5.83, 95% CI −8.67 to −3.29), and abnormal (β=3.83, 95% CI 1.14 to 6.56).

CONCLUSIONS

Stroke-related search behavior was associated with age-adjusted mortality from stroke in each prefecture in Japan. Query terms that were strongly associated with age-adjusted mortality rates of stroke suggested the possibility that individual characteristics, such as sex and age, have an impact on stroke-associated mortality and that it is important to receive medical care early after stroke onset. Further studies on the criteria and timing of alerting are needed by monitoring information-seeking behavior to identify queries that are strongly associated with stroke mortality.
КАК УСКОРИТЬ ПЕРЕХОД К «ИНДУСТРИИ 4.0» С ПОМОЩЬЮ СЕТЕЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО ETHERNET
Authors: Трейси Ф.
Published: February 2021

Концепция «Индустрии 4.0» основана на максимальном использовании информации для принятия оптимальных производственных решений. Своевременный доступ к данным и передача их по всей инфраструктуре предприятия зависят от коммуникационной сети. В статье рассматриваются особенности и преимущества промышленного Ethernet как перспективного инструмента создания эффективной коммуникационной среды на «умном» предприятии.
ПЛАЗМЕННО-­ХИМИЧЕСКОЕ МИКРОТРАВЛЕНИЕ. АЛЬТЕРНАТИВА ПЕРМАНГАНАТКЕ ИЛИ СПАСЕНИЕ ДЛЯ ФТОРОПЛАСТОВ
Authors: Смоленцев Э.
Published: February 2021

Рассматривается процесс плазменно-­химического микротравления, который применяется при изготовлении многослойных печатных плат и двусторонних плат из нетипичного диэлектрика. Процесс реализуется на установке микротравления Tepla.
ТВЕРДОТЕЛЬНЫЕ СВЧ-ПЕРЕКЛЮЧАТЕЛИ С ВЫСОКОЙ СКОРОСТЬЮ КОММУТАЦИИ. Часть 2
Authors: Кочемасов В. , Сафин А. , Дингес С.
Published: February 2021

Рассмотрены твердотельные СВЧ-переключатели с высокой скоростью коммутации. Приведена информация о pin-диодных переключателях в интегральном и волноводном исполнениях, выпускаемых рядом производителей.
Gobernanza universitaria: enfoques y alcances conceptuales
Authors: Acosta-Silva Adrián , Ganga-Contreras Francisco , Rama-Vitale Claudio
Published: February 2021

Estudiar las relaciones entre gobernanza, políticas públicas y desempeño institucional en el campo de la educación superior, se ha transformado en un gran reto para los investigadores, pero también en una atractiva oportunidad, dada la complejidad que esta triada de conceptos representa. El trabajo tiene como propósito realizar una reflexión de carácter teórico respecto de los alcances conceptuales que tiene la gobernanza universitaria y sus vínculos con las políticas públicas y su correspondiente desempeño, con la finalidad de precisar la terminología y sus alcances más significativos para América Latina. Se trata de una investigación descriptiva, de carácter documental, basada en la exploración de la bibliografía sociológica y politológica contemporánea.
Application of diameter distribution model for volume estimation in Tectona grandis L.f. stands in the Oluwa forest reserve, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Forest Resources and Wildlife Management, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria, Egonmwan I. Y. , Ogana F. N. ,   Department of Social and Environmental Forestry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Published: February 2021

The ability to predict the distribution of diameters in a stand is essential for forest managers to make informed management decisions such as prescription of silvicultural treatments and harvesting regimes. Such information is preferably derived from suitable distribution model. This study evaluated the performance of four distribution models in describing the structure of the teak stands in Oluwa Forest Reserve, Nigeria. Data were collected from 12 temporary sample plots of 20 × 20 m size in the teak stand. Maximum likelihood estimator was used to fit the distribution models: beta, gamma, Johnson SB, and Weibull to the diameter data from the teak stand. Relative rank-sum derived from four indices was used to conclude on the most suitable distribution for the stand. The results showed that the Weibull distribution was the most suitable function for the teak stand with a relative rank-sum of 4.0. Application of Weibull distribution together with suitable height-diameter and volume models estimated yield of 136.281 m3 ha-1 within timber size class (diameter ≥30 cm). And a total of 309.640 m3 ha-1 was estimated for the stand. Other product specifications were also provided. This would help in the routine management of the stand.
FORMAÇÃO DE UMA ORDEM JURÍDICA TRANSNACIONAL DE PROTEÇÃO PREVIDENCIÁRIA AOS TRABALHADORES INTERNACIONAIS EM MOBILIDADE
Authors: Lima Jhéssica Luara Alves de , Morais Lindocastro Nogueira de , Lima Carmem Tassiany Alves de
Published: February 2021

O presente trabalho analisa a inclusão previdenciária dos trabalhadores internacionais em mobilidade, bem como da possibilidade de formação de uma ordem jurídica transnacional para essa inclusão. A relevância do trabalho se justifica diante da globalização e do fenômeno do transconstitucionalismo que impõe a existência de um diálogo constitucional entre os sistemas constitucionais nacionais para a proteção de direitos humanos fundamentais. No caso, os trabalhadores internacionais em mobilidade se encontram em situação de vulnerabilidade, por não existir um sistema jurídico internacional de proteção social que os amparem. Dessa forma, o trabalho se propõe a analisar a possibilidade de formação de uma nova ordem jurídica transnacional para essa inclusão e proteção previdenciária, o que o faz com base na teoria de Teubner. Para tanto o trabalho utilizará a pesquisa bibliográfica como metodologia. Ao final, conclui-se que os trabalhadores internacionais em mobilidade carecem de proteção previdenciária, o que seria possível mediante a formação de uma ordem jurídica não estatal, sugerida aqui com a nomenclatura lex socialis.
CIBERTERRORISMO E DIREITO PENAL: ANÁLISE DA PROPORCIONALIDADE DA LEI Nº 13.260/2016 ENQUANTO INSTRUMENTO DE PROTEÇÃO DO DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL À SEGURANÇA
Authors: Maya André Machado Maya , Fraga Ariel
Published: February 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a proporcionalidade da Lei nº 13.260/2016 enquanto instrumento de proteção dos bens jurídicos expostos a risco pelo ciberterrorismo, em especial observadas as dimensões de proibição de excesso e de insuficiência do mencionado postulado normativo. A este efeito, o presente ensaio inicia por uma análise da atual sociedade de risco globalizada e influenciada pelas tecnologias da informação e comunicação, em especial a Internet. Nesse contexto é apresentado o problema do ciberterrorismo, na segunda parte do estudo, com especial ênfase à sua definição e à identificação do direito fundamental à segurança como bem jurídico exposto a risco por essa prática delituosa.  Ao final, a pesquisa centra-se na verificação da ponderação do tratamento penal dispensado pela Lei nº 13.260/2016 aos atos de ciberterrorismo, culminando com a conclusão de que a legislação confere proteção insuficiente ao excluir do âmbito de proteção da norma os ataques a servidores ou redes privadas de uso individual.
Rapid mixing of path integral Monte Carlo for 1D stoquastic Hamiltonians
Authors: Crosson Elizabeth , Harrow Aram W.
Published: February 2021

Path integral quantum Monte Carlo (PIMC) is a method for estimating thermal equilibrium properties of stoquastic quantum spin systems by sampling from a classical Gibbs distribution using Markov chain Monte Carlo. The PIMC method has been widely used to study the physics of materials and for simulated quantum annealing, but these successful applications are rarely accompanied by formal proofs that the Markov chains underlying PIMC rapidly converge to the desired equilibrium distribution.
In this work we analyze the mixing time of PIMC for 1D stoquastic Hamiltonians, including disordered transverse Ising models (TIM) with long-range algebraically decaying interactions as well as disordered XY spin chains with nearest-neighbor interactions. By bounding the convergence time to the equilibrium distribution we rigorously justify the use of PIMC to approximate partition functions and expectations of observables for these models at inverse temperatures that scale at most logarithmically with the number of qubits.
The mixing time analysis is based on the canonical paths method applied to the single-site Metropolis Markov chain for the Gibbs distribution of 2D classical spin models with couplings related to the interactions in the quantum Hamiltonian. Since the system has strongly nonisotropic couplings that grow with system size, it does not fall into the known cases where 2D classical spin models are known to mix rapidly.
Qualitative Analysis of Hydroxyurea
Authors: Santos Stéfanno Souza , Dos Santos Isis Gomes , Da Silva Cinara Vanconcelos , Cazedey Edith C L
Published: February 2021

Hydroxyurea (HU) is a cytostatic agent with antineoplastic activity and it has great clinical efficacy in the treatment of sickle cell disease. HU is part of the National Relation of Essential Medicines of Brazil and despite of its clinical importance, only the Portuguese, American and European Pharmacopoeias present monographs for this medicine. This study aimed to develop qualitative methods for identification and verification of purity of HU. For the HU identification, IR and UV spectroscopy were used, as well as TLC. The IR and UV spectra showed compatibility and the maximum absorption at 213 nm. For TLC, various pure or polarity gradient solvents were tested with results satisfactory for a mobile phase containing acetone and ethyl acetate (99:1, v/v). The replacement of the mobile phase generated less chemical waste, while minimizing the risks to the health of the operator, in accordance with the main concept of green analytical chemistry.
pH effect on stability and kinetics degradation of nitazoxanide in solution
Authors: Barbosa Fábio , Pezzi Leonardo , Sorrentino Julia , Steppe Martin , Volpato Nadia , Mendez Andreas Sebastian Loureiro
Published: February 2021

Stability studies correspond to a set of tests designed to assess changes in the quality of a given drug over time and under the influence of a number of factors. Among these factors, pH plays an important role, due to the catalytic effect that hydronium and hydroxide ions can play in several reactions. In the present study, the degradation kinetics of nitazoxanide was evaluated over a wide pH range, and the main degradation product generated was identified by LC-MS/MS. Nitazoxanide showed first-order degradation kinetics in the pH range of 0.01 to 10.0 showing greater stability between pH 1.0 and 4.0. The degradation rate constant calculated for these pH was 0.0885 x 10-2 min-1 and 0.0689 x 10-2 min-1, respectively. The highest degradation rate constant value was observed at pH 10.0 (0.7418 x 10-2 min-1) followed by pH 0.01 (0.5882 x 10-2 min-1). A major degradation product (DP-1) was observed in all conditions tested. Through LC-MS/MS analysis, DP-1 was identified as a product of nitazoxanide deacetylation. The effect of pH on the stability of nitazoxanide and the kinetic data obtained contribute to a better understanding of the intrinsic stability characteristics of nitazoxanide.
Rifampicin: biotransformation study using the fungus Cunninghamella elegans and monitoring through UHPLC-MS
Authors: Sponchiado Rafaela , Sorrentino Julia , Cordenonsi Letícia M , Fuentefria Alexandre M , Steppe Martin , Mendez Andreas , Garcia Cássia Virgínia
Published: February 2021

Drug biotransformation studies appear as an alternative to pharmacological investigations of metabolites, development of new drug candidates with reduced investment and most efficient production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of biotransformation of Rifampicin (RIF) by the filamentous fungus Cunninghamella elegans as a microbial model of mammalian metabolism. In 120 h, C. elegans transformed the drug into the following two metabolites: rifampicin quinone and novel metabolite. The products of rifampicin formed in vitro were monitored by HPLC-PDA, being identified through UHPLC–QTOF/MS. Metabolites were characterized according to their chromatographic profile, mass fragments and UV spectral data. The major metabolic pathways of rifampicin transformed by the fungus were oxidation, demethylation and mono-oxidation. The microbial transformation of RIF showed the potential of Cunninghamella species to produce RIF metabolites. This process can be used for a cost effective method for both known and unknown metabolite production.
Development and validation of a stability-indicating analytical method for simultaneous determination of drugs employed in canine leishmaniasis treatment
Authors: Dos Santos Patrícia Espinosa , Lucca Ana Carla , Serrou do Amaral Marcos , Mohamad Kassab Nájla
Published: February 2021

We developed and validated a stability-indicating method for the simultaneous determination of allopurinol and ketoconazole in the pharmaceutical form of capsules. A Dionex® liquid chromatograph equipped with a diode array detector (DAD) and InertSustain® C18 column (4.6 x 100 mm x 3 μm) was used and InertSustain® C18 column (4.6 x 100 mm x 3 μm). The chromatographic separation occurred in the isocratic mode with a flow rate of 0.45 mL min-1 and mobile phase composed of acetonitrile: water (52:48 v/v) with pH adjusted to 3.0. The wavelengths used were 250 nm for allopurinol and 225 nm for ketoconazole. The method was validated by evaluating the parameters of linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision, accuracy, robustness, and selectivity. The method presented linearity. It was precise, with coefficients of variation lower than 2.0%, and accurate, with recovery close to 100.00%. Robustness was indicated by the Plackett-Burman model, and the method was not significantly influenced by any of the variations. The selectivity was proven by the peak purities close to 1000 in both the presence of excipients and drug degradation products. Therefore the proposed method is simple and fast, with separation for both drugs less than four minutes.
Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (ECPR) Survival: A Quaternary Center Analysis
Authors: Marinacci Lucas , Mihatov Nino , D'Alessandro David , Villavicencio Mauricio , Roy Nathali , Raz Yuval , Thomas Sunu
Published: February 2021

Background: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) has
emerged as a rescue strategy for non-responders to conventional CPR
(CCPR) in cardiac arrest. Definitive guidelines for ECPR deployment do
not exist. Prior studies suggest that arrest rhythm and cardiac origin
of arrest may be variables used to assess candidacy for ECPR. Aim: To
describe a single center experience with ECPR and to assess associations
between survival and physician-adjudicated origin of arrest and arrest
rhythm. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients who underwent
ECPR at a quaternary care center over a 7-year period was performed.
Demographic and clinical characteristics were extracted from the medical
record and used to adjudicate origin of cardiac arrest, etiology,
rhythm, survival, and outcomes. Univariate analysis was performed to
determine association of patient and arrest characteristics with
survival. Results: Between 2010 and 2017, 47 cardiac arrest patients
were initiated on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) at the time
of active CPR. ECPR patient survival to hospital discharge was 25.5%
(n=12). Twenty-six patients died on ECMO (55.3%) while 9 patients
(19.1%) survived decannulation but died prior to discharge. Neither
physician-adjudicated arrest rhythm nor underlying origin were
significantly associated with survival to discharge, either alone or in
combination. Younger age was significantly associated with survival.
Nearly all survivors experienced myocardial recovery and left the
hospital with a good neurological status. Conclusions: Arrest rhythm and
etiology may be insufficient predictors of survival in ECPR utilization.
Further multi-institutional studies are needed to determine evidenced
based criteria for ECPR deployment.
The role of quercetin in plants
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Arif Yamshi , Bajguz Andrzej , Hayat Shamsul
Published: February 2021

Flavonoids are a special category of hydroxylated phenolic compounds
having an aromatic ring structure. Quercetin is a special subclass of
flavonoid. It is a bioactive natural compound built upon the flavon
structure nC6(ring A)-C3(ring C)-C6(ring B). Quercetin facilitates
several plant physiological processes, such as seed germination, pollen
growth, antioxidant machinery, and photosynthesis, as well as induces
proper plant growth and development. Quercetin is a powerful
antioxidant, so it potently provides plant tolerance against several
biotic and abiotic stresses. This review highlights quercetin’s role in
increasing several physiological and biochemical processes in under
stress and non-stress environments. Additionally, this review briefly
assesses quercetin’s role in mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses
(e.g., salt, heavy metal, and UV stress). The biosynthesis of
flavonoids, their signaling pathways, and quercetin’s role in plant
signaling are also discussed.
Microfluidic Devices for Behavioral Screening of Multiple Zebrafish Larvae: Design Investigation Process
Authors: Khalili Arezoo , Wijngaarden Ellen van , Youssef khaled , Zoidl Georg , Rezai Pouya
Published: February 2021

Microfluidic devices have been introduced for phenotypic screening of
zebrafish larvae in both fundamental and pre-clinical research. One of
the remaining challenges for the broad use of microfluidic devices is
their limited throughput, especially in behavioural assays. Previously,
we introduced the tail locomotion of a semi-mobile zebrafish larva
evoked on-demand with electric signal in a microfluidic device. Here, we
report the lessons learned for increasing the number of specimens from
one to four larvae in this device. Multiple parameters including loading
and testing time per fish and loading and orientation efficiencies were
refined to optimize the performance of modified designs. Simulations of
the flow and electric field within the final device provided insight
into the flow behavior and functionality of traps when compared to
previous single-larva devices. Outcomes led to a new design which
decreased the testing time per larva by approximately 60%. Further,
loading and orientation efficiencies increased by more than 80%.
Critical behavioural parameters such as response duration and tail beat
frequency were similar in both single and quadruple-fish devices. The
optimized microfluidic device has significant advantages for greater
throughput and efficiency when behavioral phenotyping is required in
various applications, including chemical testing in toxicology and gene
screening.
Haben Beatmungsgeräte einen Grenznutzen? Auf dem Weg zu einer neophänomenologischen Definition existenzieller Güter
Authors: Schulz Manuel
Published: February 2021

Der vorliegende Aufsatz geht von der neophänomenologisch inspirierten These aus, dass uns das Coronavirus aus einem existenzvergessenen Relativismus gerissen hat. Im Angesicht einer Bedrohung für Leib und Leben brach sich im Frühjahr 2020 schnell die kollektive Einsicht von systemrelevanten Berufsgruppen und Versorgungsinfrastrukturen Bahn. Die drohende Ansteckung mit SARS-CoV-2 ließ die allermeisten Menschen erkennen, dass es offenkundig spezifische Güter und Dienstleistungen gibt, die auf eigenartig seinsverstetigende Weise einen Wert in sich tragen. Diese plötzliche Einsicht in die existenzielle Eigenlogik gesellschaftlicher Daseinsvorsorge kollidiert jedoch grundlegend mit einem werttheoretischen Relativismus, wie er von den vorherrschenden Denkrichtungen der Wirtschaftswissenschaft vertreten wird. Ebenjene Diskrepanz nimmt der vorliegende Aufsatz in den Blick und entwickelt ein neophänomenologisches Verständnis für diese eigenartige Abteilung der Produktwelt, eine Abteilung, für welche das Beatmungsgerät gewissermaßen zum Symbol geworden ist und die ich mit dem Terminus der ‚existenziellen Güter‘ auf den Begriff bringen möchte. Zu diesem Zweck wird gezeigt, dass die seit dem Frühjahr 2020 entstandene Situation vor dem Hintergrund eines entfremdeten menschlichen Selbstverständnisses verstanden werden kann. Letzteres besteht in einer Art existenzvergessenem Relativismus, welcher anhand der Studien von Hermann Schmitz bis in die Bewusstseinsphilosophie um 1800 zurückverfolgt werden kann. Mit Hilfe seines begrifflichen Instrumentariums der Neuen Phänomenologie diagnostiziert Schmitz in der Frühromantik des deutschen Idealismus ein entfremdetes Verständnis von Subjektivität, welches eine enorme, bis heute anhaltende Wirkmächtigkeit entfaltet hat. Diesem Gedanken folgend wird der Einfluss rekonstruiert, den dieses menschliche Selbstverständnis auf die wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Theoriebildung genommen hat. Es setzte sich, so meine Kernthese, in der Subjektkonzeption der neoklassischen Grenznutzentheorie um 1870 fort, wirkte von dort bis in die zeitgenössische Gesundheitsökonomik und widerfährt uns schließlich in Gestalt einer drohenden Versorgungskrise im Gesundheitswesen. Das durch das Coronavirus ausgelöste Krisenszenario der vergangenen Monate gleicht aus dieser Perspektive dem Erwachen aus einem relativistischen Traum abstrakter Nutzenmaximierung und Effizienzsteigerung. Das abschließend entwickelte Verständnis existenzieller Güter soll dazu beitragen, den darin manifest gewordenen Entfremdungsprozess zu überwinden.
https://www.praktische-philosophie.org/schulz-2020.html
Authors: Hack Caroline
Published: February 2021

Bisher ist die Rolle von Ethikkomitees und Ethikberatenden als Ressource im Umgang mit der Covid-19-Pandemie ungeklärt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird diskutiert, worin spezifische Herausforderungen bei der ethischen Bewertung von Fragen an Ethikkomitees im Pandemiekontext bestehen und welche möglichen Aufgaben für Ethikberatende identifiziert werden könnten. Dabei wird die Ansicht vertreten, dass es für die kompetente, professionelle Bearbeitung dieser Fragen hilfreich wäre, (a) das theoretische Grundverständnis der Ethikberatung für den Pandemiekontext zu reflektieren, (b) die begründungstheoretischen, normativen Argumente aktueller Publikationen und Stellungnahmen der Fachgesellschaften zu diskutieren und (c) Weiterbildungspotenzial sowie Kompetenzgrenzen zu identifizieren. Für (c) werden zur Kompetenzerweiterung Public-Health-Ethik und Ethik der Menschenrechte vorgeschlagen, psychische Entlastung bei ‚moralischem Stress‘ wird als ethisch-psychologischer Kooperationsbereich diskutiert und die explizite Abgrenzung vom juristischen Bereich wird empfohlen. Ethikberatung könnte den konstruktiven Umgang mit ethischen Fragen im Pandemiekontext fördern, die Qualität von Entscheidungs- und Bewertungsprozessen verbessern und in der Versorgungspraxis pragmatische, konkrete Hilfestellung anbieten.
Wohlergehensverluste bei Kleinkindern durch den coronabedingten Wegfall der außerhäuslichen Betreuung. Eine kritische kinderethische Analyse der Betreuungsverbote und -einschränkungen
Authors: Platz Monika
Published: February 2021

In diesem Aufsatz vertrete ich die These, dass die Betreuungsverbote und einschränkungen für Kleinkinder, die im Zuge der Corona-Pandemie in Deutschland galten und immer noch gelten, in bestimmten Fällen zu signifikanten Verlusten des Wohlergehens von Kleinkindern führen. Dabei beziehe ich mich auf Kleinkinder, die in Strukturen leben, in denen die außerhäusliche Betreuung einen gewichtigen Beitrag zur Kinderbetreuung leistet. Ich werde dafür argumentieren, dass für diese Kinder der Wegfall der Kinderbetreuung bedeuten kann, dass gewichtige aktuelle immaterielle Wohlergehensinteressen nur noch teilweise oder gar nicht mehr befriedigt werden. Um diese Interessen und das Ausmaß ihrer Nichtbefriedigung zu beschreiben, greife ich auf das Konzept der Kindheitsgüter zurück und werde mich dabei auf drei gewichtige immaterielle Wohlergehensinteressen konzentrieren: das Interesse des Kindes an pädagogisch wertvollen Betreuungsstrukturen, das Bedürfnis des Kindes nach Austausch und Spiel mit Gleichaltrigen und das Interesse des Kindes, frei von Sorgen und Ängsten zu sein. Die anschließende kinderethische Auswertung dreier aktueller Studien zur Situation der Kinder und Familien unter den Bedingungen der Corona-Pandemie zeigt, dass besonders die Umstände während des Lockdowns im Frühjahr 2020, aber auch die fortbestehenden Einschränkungen bei der Kinderbetreuung sowie die veränderte Arbeitssituation der Eltern erheblich dazu beitragen, dass das Wohlergehen von Kleinkindern in dieser Hinsicht beeinträchtigt wird. Am Ende des Aufsatzes werde ich mich der Frage widmen, was bei der Ausgestaltung zukünftiger Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung der Corona-Pandemie aus kinderethischer Perspektive berücksichtigt werden sollte, um das Wohlergehen der Kleinkinder so gut wie möglich zu schützen.
Inwiefern sollten berufliche und persönliche Integrität zugeschrieben werden? Kontextualität und Relationalität moralischer Integrität als schwacher Einheit der Tugenden
Authors: Förg Melanie
Published: February 2021

Der Begriff der Integrität begegnet in Alltag und Beruf häufig: Wir sprechen davon, jemand sei integer oder auch habe (persönliche) Integrität. Manchmal schreiben wir auch nur berufliche Integrität zu. Aber inwiefern sollten diese beiden Auffassungen von Integrität zugeschrieben werden? Anhand dreier Fallbeispiele wird diese Frage diskutiert. Zu diesem Zweck wird das moderne Paradigma der Integrität mit dem neoaristotelischen Paradigma der schwachen Einheit der Tugenden identifiziert und mit diesem argumentiert. Aufbauend auf alltäglichen Intuitionen wird die Problematik der Zuschreibung von Integrität als einzelne Tugend und an einzelne Personen aufgezeigt. Daraufhin wird beispielhaft mit Neera K. Badhwar und Daniel C. Russell für die Kontextualität von Integrität, d. h. für ihre Einbettung in Lebenskontexte oder auch -bereiche wie eben den Beruf, argumentiert. Des Weiteren wird die Relationalität von Integrität aufgezeigt, d. h. deren Abhängigkeit von verschiedenen Rollen (intrapersonale Relation) und von Bezugspersonen (interpersonale Relation).
Efficacy and Safety of Imeglimin Monotherapy Versus Placebo in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (TIMES 1): A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Multicenter Phase 3 Trial
Authors: Dubourg Julie , Fouqueray Pascale , Thang Carole , Grouin Jean-Marie , Ueki Kohjiro
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of imeglimin, the first in a new class of oral antidiabetic agent, in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This was a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial in 30 sites in Japan. Eligible participants were individuals aged ≥20 years with type 2 diabetes treated with diet and exercise, stable for ≥12 weeks prior to screening, and whose HbA1c was 7.0–10.0% (53–86 mmol/mol). Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either oral imeglimin (1,000 mg twice daily) or matched placebo for 24 weeks. Investigators, participants, and the sponsor of the study remained blinded throughout the trial. The primary end point was the change in mean HbA1c from baseline to week 24, and the key secondary end point was the percentage of responders (according to two definitions) at week 24.

RESULTS

Between 26 December 2017 and 1 February 2019, 106 and 107 patients were randomly assigned to treatment with imeglimin and placebo, respectively. Compared with placebo, the adjusted mean difference in change from baseline HbA1c at week 24 was −0.87% (95% CI −1.04 to −0.69 [−9.5 mmol/mol; 95% CI −11.4 to −7.5]; P < 0.0001). Forty-seven (44.3%) patients reported ≥1 adverse event in the imeglimin group versus 48 adverse events (44.9%) in the placebo group.

CONCLUSIONS

Imeglimin significantly improved HbA1c in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes compared with placebo and had a similar safety profile to placebo. Imeglimin represents a potential new treatment option for this population.
Sensibilidad del cuestionario anamnésico de síntomas de miembro superior y columna desa-rrollado por la unidad de investigación ergonómica de postura y movimiento (EPM) desde la perspectiva de la medicina del trabajo y la fisioterapia en Colombia
Authors: Velásquez Juan Carlos , Fonseca Pacheco Angélica Patricia
Published: February 2021

El propósito de este estudio es evaluar la sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos del Cuestionario Anamnésico de Síntomas de Miembro Superior y Columna (CASMSC) desarrollado por la Unidad de Investigación de Ergonomía de Postura y Movimiento (EPM). Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tipo correlacional, mediante el análisis  de datos secundarios de una base con registros de trabajadores de la industria de alimentos (n=401) en el año 2013, a quienes se les había aplicado el CASMSC, así como una evaluación clínica fisioterapéutica enfocada en los mismos segmentos corporales; esta última utilizada como prueba de oro. Para analizar si existían diferencias estadísticas por edad, antigüedad y género, se aplicó el análisis de varianza de una vía. La sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos del CASMSC se informan con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza (95%). La prevalencia de umbral positivo para sospecha de Trastorno de Músculo Esquelético (TME) tanto de miembro superior como de columna se encontró muy por encima de la media nacional para el sector. La sensibilidad del CASMSC para miembro superior estuvo en el rango de un 80% a 94,57% y para columna cervical y lumbar fue de 36,4% y 43,4%, respectivamente. Para la región dorsal fue casi del doble de las otras dos regiones (85,7%). El CASMSC es recomendable en su apartado para miembro superior dado a su alto nivel de sensibilidad.
Trayectoria de docentes que aprobaron el examen de selección para la carrera docente en el sureste de México
Authors: Cisneros-Cohernour Edith J. , Domínguez Castillo J. Gabriel , Canto Herrera Pedro J.
Published: February 2021

Este presente estudio compara las diferencias de formación entre profesores que se graduaron de docencia o pedagogía en escuelas normales y aquellos que lo hicieron en distintos campos del conocimiento en otras instituciones de educación superior. Todos los participantes aplicaron al examen para obtener un puesto para trabajar en las escuelas públicas mexicanas. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar si las características y la trayectoria profesional de los profesores que aprobaron el examen del Sistema Profesional Docente son diferentes a las de los profesores que consiguieron su título en otras instituciones públicas o privadas. La metodología del estudio incluyó lo siguiente: (1) metaanálisis de las bases de datos del Centro de Evaluación Educativa de la Secretaría de Educación del Gobierno del Estado de Yucatán, y (2) una encuesta a 30 de los 43 maestros que participaron en la primera etapa del estudio. Con esta encuesta se procuró conocer las opciones de desarrollo profesional de los profesores después de tres años de aprobar el examen de docentes profesionales. Los resultados indican que hay tres grupos: aquellos que se graduaron de las escuelas normales, aquellos que se graduaron de otras instituciones de educación superior que buscan desarrollo profesional y otros que se graduaron de instituciones de educación superior que ingresaron recientemente al sistema y no tienen interés en el desarrollo profesional. Estos grupos tienen diferentes expectativas e intereses de desarrollo profesional.
Makna Ayat-ayat Perumpamaan Di Dalam Surat Ali Imran
Authors: Marlion Ferki Ahmad , Wijayanti Tri Yuliana
Published: February 2021

Al-Qur’an merupakan kitab suci yang sempurna yang diturunkan melalui Nabi Muhammad saw. Kitab ini dipenuhi dengan kemu’jizatan dan salah satu kemukjizatan Al-Qur’an terletak pada susunan ayat-ayat perumpamaan yang merupakan salah satu kerangka yang menampilkan kalimat dalam bentuk perumpamaan yang indah, sehingga menancap kuat pada jiwa dan memudahkan manusia dalam memahami, menerima, sehingga mudah dalam mengaplikasikan maksud ayat dalam hidup keseharian. Salah satu surat yang terkandung didalamnya ayat-ayat perumpamaan ialah surat Ali Imran. Dengan menggunakan metode telah pustaka dari berbagai sumber referensi peneliti mencoba untuk meneliti makna ayat-ayat perumpamaan di dalam Surat Ali Imran. Berdasarkan hasil analisis deduktif yang dilakukan peneliti, dapat dideskripsikan bahwa terdapat tiga ayat perumpamaan dalam surat Ali Imran, yakni ayat 59, 117, dan 103. Dari ketiga ayat tersebut, dua ayat diungkapkan dengan perumpamaan yang jelas (ayat 59 dan ayat 117) dan satu ayat lagi diungkapkan dengan perumpamaan yang tersembunyi (ayat 103). Ketiga ayat tersebut mengungkapkan fakta tentang penciptaan Nabi Adam as (diciptakan tanpa ayah dan ibu) yang sebenarnya lebih menakjubkan dari penciptaan Nabi Isa as (diciptakan tanpa ibu). Melalui ketiga ayat tersebut dapat diambil hikmah tentang pentingnya berpegang teguh kepada tali Allah dan ketidakbermanfaatan harta yang dinfakkan untuk memerangi Allah dan RasulNya.
Peran Iklim Kerja dalam Pembentukan Iklim Madrasah Islami (Studi di MTs Al-Muttaqin Pekanbaru, Riau)
Authors: Setyaningsih Rini , Farwati Sizka , Sujayono Alfian
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana iklim kerja MTs Al-Muttaqin dan bagaimana peran iklim kerja MTs Al-Muttaqin membentuk iklim madrasah Islami. Dalam pengumpulan data, penulis menggunakan metode wawancara dan observasi kepada beberapa warga MTs Al-Muttaqin. Keseluruhan data yang diperoleh melalui wawancara, penulis analisis menggunakan teknik reduksi data, interpretasi data, dan triangulasi, sedang data yang diperoleh dari observasi, penulis membuat catatan lapangan kemudian membuat interpretasi hasil pencatatan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyebutkan bahwa iklim kerja di MTs Al-Muttaqin sudah memenuhi kreteria iklim kerja yang baik, yang dapat dijadikan contoh untuk madrasah lainya. Data di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa iklim kerja di MTs Al-Muttaqin sudah mengandung nilai-nilai yang dapat membentuk iklim madrsah Islami. Nilai-nilai tersebut adalah iman dan akhlaq, Iltizam dan Jiddiyah, Adil dan ukhuwwah, Amanah dan khidmah. Terbukti dengan adanya rasa tanggung jawab, adil, bekerja keras, bekerja sepenuh hati, ukhuwah dan memiliki rasa melayani baik dari pimpinan yayasan, madrasah, guru dan murid, serta para wali murid dan masyarakat.
Performance Analysis of a Dual-Fuel Sugar Based Solid Rocket Propellant
Authors: Adeniyi Gbadebo Omoniyi , Nkere Inkechukwu , Adetoro Lanre Moshood , Sholiyi Olusegun Samuel
Published: February 2021

The effects of dual-fuel on improving the ballistic efficiency of a low energy sugar-based solid rocket propellant were investigated in this paper. This was achieved by establishing a threshold proportion of sucrose to sorbitol that provided the highest ballistic efficiency, using a beam load cell (model single-point 2,000 kg linearly defined by 0-20 kN force, with ±.005 percent precision). Seven different propellant formulations were prepared, loaded into the rocket motor and tested for performance. The major performance parameters of interest were the thrust, total impulse, burn time, delivered specific impulse, delivered characteristic velocity, and the chamber pressure. The formulations tested were potassium nitrate–sucrose propellant (65% KNO3 and 35% sucrose (C12H22O11)) (KNSU); potassium nitrate-sorbitol propellant (65% KNO3 and 35% sorbitol (C6H14O6)) (KNSB); modified potassium nitrate-sucrose propellant (65% KNO3, 32% sucrose (C12H22O11)), and 3% carbon (C) (MODKNSU); potassium nitrate-sucrose-sorbitol propellant (65% KNO3, 25% sucrose (C12H22O11)), and 10% sorbitol (C6H14O6) (KNERK); potassium nitrate-sucrose-sorbitol-carbon propellant (65% KNO3, 24% sucrose (C12H22O11), 10% sorbitol (C6H14O6), and 1% carbon (C)) (MODKNERK); and finally a propellant made from KNO3, sucrose (C12H22O11), sorbitol (C6H14O6), carbon (C) and iron II oxide(Fe2O3) combinations in 65, 30, 3, 1, 1% proportion respectively. The novel result obtained from these experiments was applied to boost the performance of a KNSB rocket propellant motor during a rocket launch experiment. Both static and dynamic rocket motor internal ballistic parameters were then compared. The measured delivered motor average thrust and the effective propellant burn times were recorded as: (164.15N, 3.97s); (102.95N, 6.53s); (65.66N, 9.38s); (79.09N, 3.77s); (243.98N, 3.77s) and (92.6N, 5.89s) respectively. The MODKNERK, was established to produce a most efficient motor and with the full delivery of its ballistic energy. It was also established, that the ballistic and rocket motor efficiency of a lower energy rocket motor can be improved by starting the ignition of such motor with fast burning dual-fuel rocket propellant (MODKNERK).
Investigation of the Ultraviolet Irradiation on Blend Films of PS/PCL
Authors: De Moraes Segundo João de Deus Pereira , De Moraes Maria Oneide Silva , Levy Catarina Barbosa , Brito Walter Ricardo
Published: February 2021

In this work, an investigation was carried out on the effect of ultraviolet light on different films. Polystyrene (PS), poly (caprolactone) (PCL), and blended films of PS/PCL were produced. Ethyl acetate (AE) was used as a solvent, and PS and PCL solutions were prepared by dissolving 250 mg in 2.5mL of AE under mechanical stirring at room temperature. The blended solutions of PS/PCL (PS:PCL) were prepared with different mass proportions, such as 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40 into 2.5 mL of EA. The solutions were dripped with 500 µL on a glass substrate, and the films were produced with mechanical rotation of N=2000 RPM for 15 seconds using a Spin coater. The films were submitted to ultraviolet light for t=60 minutes and morphologically analyzed by optical microscopy, chemically by IR spectroscopy, and superficially by contact angle and wettability; this last analysis also investigated the effect of ultraviolet light at t=0, t=30, and t=60 minutes. The exposure of ultraviolet light on the films affected its morphologies. IR spectra showed that the photodegradation increased for larger PCL amounts into the blend. The contact angle measurements showed that after exposure to ultraviolet light, the hydrophobicity of the films increased. Therefore, the presence of PCL in the polymer mixture promoted the photodegradation of the PS/PCL films, making it attractive for developing new packaging.
Estimates and Determinants of Psychological Problems of Pregnant Women during COVID-19 Epidemic in South Africa
Authors: Hoque A. M. , Hoque M. , Hoque M. E. , Van Hal G.
Published: February 2021

The COVID-19 epidemic has impacted significantly on the general population including pregnant women. The psychological impact of COVID-19 among vulnerable population like pregnant women is yet to be estimated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety, depression, and overall psychological problems. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted among black pregnant women attending a Primary Health Care facility in South Africa. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the significant factors for psychological problems. A total of 346 pregnant women participated in this study. The rates of anxiety, depression and overall psychological problems were 35.7%, 38.2% and 34.3% respectively. Gestational age between 14-26 weeks were 60% (OR=.397, p<0.05), part-time employment 53% (OR=0.47, p<0.05) and pregnant women having adequate funding for monthly expenses were 62% less likely (OR=0.381, p<0.05) to have anxiety problems. Married women were 2.5 times more likely (OR=2.54, p<0.05) and women living together or widowed were 2.9 times more likely (OR=2.91, p<0.05) to have anxiety. Pregnant women aged between 20-29 years were nine times (OR=9.03, p=0.016), women aged 30 to 39 years were 6.3 times (OR=6.3, p=0.032) more likely to have depression. Parity one 91% (OR=0.094, p=0.007), parity two 86% (OR=.143, p=0.027) and part-time employment 65% (OR=0.354, p=0.002) were less likely to have depression. Comparing with women aged >39 years, women who were between 20-29 years were 28 times (OR=27.8, p<0.01) and women aged between 30-39 years were nine times more likely to have overall psychological problems. Respondents with parity one was 83% (OR=0.17, p<0.05) less likely to have psychological problems when compared with other parity groups and women having adequate funding were 65% less likely (OR=0.35, p<0.05) to have overall psychological problems than those did not have adequate funding. Higher rates of anxiety, depression and overall psychological problems are found among black pregnant women. It is therefore imperative that appropriate and timely mental health care supports are provided to reduce adverse health outcomes.
Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Impact of Menopause on It among Women of Rural Area of Pakistan
Authors: Khan Tayyab Mumtaz , Mumtaz Madeeha , Naseer Maira , Saher Sania , Shabbir Farwa , Kaleem Munazzah , Waris Syeda Aimen , Kiran Mubashira , Mansoor Sana , Mansoor Hina
Published: February 2021

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep related disorder, and it is affected by number of factors including age, gender, obesity, educational status and menopause. However, in the presence of conflicting findings regarding impact of menopause on OSA, our study was aimed to check the prevalence of OSA in women and impact on it of menopause. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in around 3months from August 2020 to October 2020 in a rural area of Punjab, Pakistan. 205 participants were recruited according to set criteria of our study. Women with age from above 30 years to 60 years, who had regular menstrual cycles or had cessation of menses since at least one last year were enrolled in the study whereas women who had irregular menstrual cycles and were not willing to participate were excluded from the study. Data was collected by two questionnaires including self-structured proforma and STOP Questionnaire. Data analysis was done with the help of SPSS version 25. Different tests including Chi-square test and Independent Sample t-test were applied to evaluate the study variables. In general, current study indicates high prevalence (28.3%) of high risk of OSA among women, however, STOP score was higher among postmenopausal women (1.641 with SD±0.908) as compared to premenopausal women (1.073 SD±0.693)) which means that postmenopausal women had higher risk of development of OSA in comparison with premenopausal women. The association between OSA risk and menopause was statistically significant (p=0.001). The difference of score between premenopausal women and postmenopausal women was significant statistically (p=0.0001). In short, prevalence of OSA high risk is higher among postmenopausal women in comparison with premenopausal women and menopause affects OSA but the mechanism is still not clear.
Effect of Chest Physiotherapy along with Early Mobility after Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Kabir Md. Feroz , Jahan Sharmila , Hossain Md. Zahid , Chakrovorty Sonjit Kumar , Sarker Altaf Hossain , Hossain Mohammad Anwar , Hossain K. M. Amran , Kamal S. M. Mostafa , Akter Sonia
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of chest physiotherapy along with early mobility after abdominal surgery. The study was investigating the effect of chest physiotherapy along with early mobility and only chest physiotherapy after major abdominal surgeries on respiratory function, length of hospital stays, pain intensity, oxygen saturation level and status of functional independency (FIM).

Methodology: This was a quasi-experimental study where sixty patients with Lower abdominal surgery conveniently selected from the post-operative unit of the tertiary level specialized hospitals in Dhaka and simple random sampling was used for differentiating the groups. Thirty patients in chest physiotherapy group (control) and thirty in chest physiotherapy along with early mobility group (Experimental). It was measured the respiratory function, length of hospital stays, pain intensity, oxygen saturation level and status of functional independence.

Results: Regarding this study the mean age of the experimental group were 46.7 (±18.12) years and mean age of control group were 43.4 (±15.66) years. Mean length of hospital stay was 7.90 (± 2.078) days in experimental group and 11.50 (±3.75) in control group, and the p value was 0.0016 in experimental group and 0.019 in control group so it was proved that the chest physiotherapy along with early mobilization significantly reduce the duration of hospital stay and chest physiotherapy was also effective. However it was showed that post-operative day-05 experimental group treatment was significantly effective where the p value was ≤0.05 (p=0.0378). So it was absolute showed that the treatment of experimental group was much effective. Study was showed that the effect on improving functional independency level was significantly effective of experimental group of FIM score in all parameters and also in control group also but in comparison it was showed that the experimental group was more effective than control group.

Conclusion: It was identified the significant effectiveness of chest physiotherapy (CPT) along with early mobility rather than only chest physiotherapy after abdominal surgeries. But both groups of participants were showed significant effectiveness. Participants in the CPT along with early mobility exercise after abdominal surgeries showed that it significantly reduces the duration of hospital stay and as well as increase the peripheral oxygen saturation level and also improved functional independence rather than the control group who got only chest physiotherapy.