bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Forecasting the Algiers Stock Exchange Returns using the Box-Jenkins Methodology
Authors: Boudrioua Mohamed Samir
Published: September 2019

The Algiers Stock Exchange (ASE) is the only stock exchange in Algeria. It’s one of the newest and smallest emerging stock exchanges in the world. The focus of this paper is to model and forecast monthly returns of the ASE index (DZAIRINDEX) using The Box- Jenkins methodology. The period of this study is from Jun 2010 to July 2019. According to Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC) estimator, the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average SARIMA(2,0,0)(0,0,1) is chosen as the best model for forecasting the monthly DZAIRINDEX returns. Diagnostic tests confirm that the fitted model is adequate, where the residuals of this model are normally distributed with no autocorrelation and no heteroskedasticity. The forecast of the monthly DZAIRINDEX returns for one year ahead using this model shows a decreasing fluctuations trend. Based on different measures of forecast accuracy such as ME, MAE, RMSE, MASE, we show that the forecast accuracy of SARIMA(2,0,0)(0,0,1) is acceptable and this model performs much better than a naïve model. These results could be used by the financial communities in Algeria to deal with stock exchange risks and to improve their decisions.
Factors Predicting the Oral Health Behaviors of the Iranian Students in the District 1 Tehran, Iran
Authors: Delshad Mohammad Hossien , Pourhaji Fatemeh , Hidarnia Alireza , Tavafian Sedigheh Sadat , Niknami Shamsodin
Published: September 2019

Aim: The purpose of this examination is determining predictors to oral health behaviors predict in Iranian students in district 1 Tehran based on the health belief model with added Commitment to plan construct. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 351 four grade female students in the first district of Tehran, Iran in 2017. The random Multi‑stage random cluster sampling method was used to recruit students. The inclusion criteria were being graded, four female students (aged 9-11 years), or Education at the fourth grade of one of the elementary schools studied in the first district of Tehran and, The health of the student from a physical and psychological of view. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the variables that predict oral health behaviors. Results: The total 31.8% of the students reported that they were brushing behavior less than twice a day and 55.2% students claimed, use of dental floss behavior once a week or less than once a day. The results indicated that perceived self-efficacy (OR=1.46, 95% CI=0.57-3.78, P<0.001), Commitment to plan (OR=1.13, 95% CI=1.04-1.23, P<0.001) and Cues to action (OR=1.42, 95% CI=1.14–1.76, P=0.002) were the significant predicting variables which is the key factor of brushing twice a day, and use of dental floss once a day or more (OR=1.02, 95% CI=0.23-3.53, P=0.003). Conclusion: This study has shown the effectiveness of the health belief model with added Commitment to plan construct to predict oral health behavior in female students. So, it seems that the model as a framework for designing training programs to improve students to improve oral health behavior can be used.
Entropy Production as the Origin of Information Encoding in RNA and DNA
Authors: Mejía Julián , Michaelian Karo
Published: September 2019

Ultraviolet light incident on organic material can initiate its spontaneous dissipative structuring into chromophores which can catalyze their own replication. This may have been the case for one of the most ancient of all chromophores dissipating the Archean UVC photon flux, the nucleic acids. Oligos of nucleic acids with affinity to particular amino acids which foment UVC photon dissipation would have been selected through non-equilibrium thermodynamic imperatives which favor entropy production. Indeed, we show here that those amino acids with characteristics most relevant to fomenting UVC photon dissipation are precisely those with greatest chemical affinity to their codons or anticodons. Entropy production could thus provide an explanation for the accumulation of information in nucleic acids relevant to the dissipation of the externally imposed thermodynamic potentials. The accumulation of information in this manner provides a link between evolution and entropy production.
Identification of Candida Species from Clinical Samples in a Honduran Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Montes Kathy , Ortiz Bryan , Galindo Celeste , Figueroa Isis , Braham Sharleen , Fontecha Gustavo
Published: September 2019

Candida species are one of the most important causes of human infections, especially in hospitals and among immunocompromised patients. The correct and rapid etiological identification of yeast infections is important to provide adequate therapy, reduce mortality and control outbreaks. In this study, Candida species were identified in patients with suspected fungal infection, and phenotypic and genotypic identification methods were compared. A total of 167 axenic fungal cultures and 46 clinical samples were analyzed by HardyCHROM®, MicroScan®, and PCR-RFLP. The species of the C. albicans complex were the most frequent, followed by C. tropicalis and C. glabrata. Less common but clinically relevant species of Candida were also isolated. The comparison between the three methods was concordant, especially for the most common Candida species. Fungal DNA amplification was successful in all clinical samples.
First Report and Comparative Genomics Analysis of a blaOXA-244–Harbouring Escherichia coli Isolate Recovered in American Continent
Authors: Abril Deisy J , Bustos Moya Ingrid Gisell , Marquez-Ortiz Ricaurte Alejandro , Josa Montero Diego Fernando , Corredor Rozo Zayda Lorena , Torres Molina Isabel , Vanegas Gómez Natasha , Escobar-Perez Javier
Published: September 2019

The carbapenemase OXA-244 is a derivate of OXA-48, and its detection is very difficult in laboratories. Here we report the identification and genomic analysis of an Escherichia coli isolate (28Eco12) harbouring the blaOXA-244 gene identified in Colombia, South America. The 28Eco12 isolate was identified during a retrospective study and it was recovered from a patient treated in Colombia. The complete nucleotide sequence was established using the PacBio platform. A comparative genomics analysis with other blaOXA-244–harbouring Escherichia coli strains was performed. The 28Eco12 isolate belonged to sequence type (ST) 38 and its genome was composed of two molecules, a chromosome of 5,343,367 bp and a plasmid of 92,027 bp, which belonged to the incompatibility group IncY and did not harbour resistance genes. The blaOXA-244 gene was chromosomally-encoded and mobilized by an ISR1-related Tn6237 composite transposon. Notably, this transposon was inserted and located within a new genomic island. For our knowledge this is the first report of a blaOXA-244–harbouring Escherichia coli isolate in American continent.Our results suggest that the introduction of the OXA-244-producing E. coli isolate was through clonal expansion of the ST38 pandemic clone. Other isolates producing OXA-244 could be circulating silently on the American continent.
Fragility Assessment of Container Crane under Seismic Excitation Considering Uplift and Derailment Behavior
Authors: Tran Quang Huy , Huh Jungwon , Doan Nhu Son , Mac Van Ha , Ahn Jin-Hee
Published: September 2019

While the container crane is an important part of daily port operations, it has received little attention compared with other infrastructures, such as buildings and bridges. Crane collapse due to earthquake affects the operation of the port, and indirectly impacts the economy. This study proposes fragility analyses for various damage levels of the container crane that allow the port owner and partners to better understand the seismic vulnerability presented by container cranes. A large quantity of nonlinear time history analyses was applied for a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model to quantify the vulnerability of the container crane in considering the uplift and derailment behavior. The uncertainty of demand and capacity of the crane structures were also considered through random variables, i.e. elastic modulus of members, ground motion profile, and intensity. The results analyzed in the case of a Korean container crane showed that the probability of exceeding the first uplift with or without derailment is shown before the crane reaches the structure’s limit states. This means that under low seismic excitation, the crane might be derailed without any structural damage. But when the crane reaches the minor damage state, it is always coupled with a certain probability of uplift with or without derailment. This study also proposes the fragility curves developed for different structural periods to enable port stakeholders to assess the risk of their container crane.
Analysis of Risk Factors for Agility Dogs Completing a Dog Walk Agility Exercise
Authors: Anthony Gemma , Blake Scott , Ferro de Godoy Roberta
Published: September 2019

The injury rate in agility dogs is relatively high compared to the general population. No study to date has considered the biomechanical effects of the dog walk obstacle in agility trials, highlighting a research need. The aim of this study was to test for correlation between dog age, weight, speed, contact training method and agility experience and forelimb joint angulation and peak ground reaction forces (GRFs) over this obstacle. Dogs were filmed running across a Kennel Club (KC) standard dog walk whilst wearing reflective markers attached to specific anatomical points. A Tekscan Comformat and a Tekscan Walkway pressure mat were secured to the dog walk contact area and the ground at the end of the dog walk respectively. Joint angulation and peak forelimb GRFs were recorded and analysed. A key finding is that the way a dog will move across the obstacle changes depending on their level of experience, with experienced dogs showing increased flexion of the elbow joints and decreased extension of the carpus compared to inexperienced competitors. Higher speeds over the dog walk also resulted in significantly increased elbow joint flexion. Increased joint angulation and higher GRF’s are associated with a higher risk of injury.
APLIKASI SISTEM KEUANGAN SYARIAH DI KSPS JATIMULYO, WONOGIRI
Authors: Susilowati Tutik , Astriana Selly
Published: September 2019

Gapoktan Jatimulyo merupakan salah satu Gapoktan berprestasi yang
ada di Kabupaten Wonogiri. Di tahun 2010, Gapoktan ini mendapat dana
PUAP sebesar 100 juta rupiah dan kemudian mengembangkan KSPS
(Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Syariah) Jatimulyo untuk pengelolaannya. Akan
tetapi dalam pelaksanaannya, KSPS Jatimulyo masih belum menerapkan
sistem keuangan syariah dan pencatatan keuangannya masih dilakukan
secara manual. Di tahun 2014, KSPS Jatimulyo telah melakukan penataan
pencatatan administrasi keuangan dan penyediaan sistem (software)
keuangan untuk mempermudah operasionalisasi KSPS sedangkan
Gapoktan Jatimulyo memiliki rencana pengembangan usaha pembuatan
pupuk organik. Usaha pupuk organik ini tidak berjalan dengan baik
karena terkendala permodalan dan pemasaran mengingat persediaan
pupuk organik dilakukan melalui sistem pengadaan barang di
Departemen Pertanian. Kurang lengkapnya dokumen-dokumen pendirian
usaha membuat usaha pupuk tidak dapat berkembang. Oleh karena itu,
diperlukan pendampingan agar pada akhirnya produksi pupuk organik
ini dapat menjadi usaha baru bagi Gapoktan. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini
yaitu meningkatkan kemampuan pengurus Gapoktan dan KSPS
Jatimulyo, meningkatkan teknologi yang dapat mendukung
pengembangan usaha Gapoktan dan meningkatkan produktivitas dan
profesionalitas Gapoktan dan KSPS dengan ditandai meningkatnya
kemampuan untuk menghasilkan laba. Metode pelaksanaan dilakukan
melalui pelatihan dan pendampingan secara intensif dan berkelanjutan.
Kegiatan pengabdian yang dilakukan meliputi koordinasi dengan
Gapoktan dan KSPS Jatimulyo, pelatihan sistem keuangan berbasis
syariah dan manajerial, pendampingan pengelolaan keuangan berbasis
syariah serta pemberian TTG berupa software keuangan dan seperangkat
komputer.
PENINGKATAN PEMASARAN PRODUK MEBEL MELALUI IMPLEMENTASI TEKNIK PEMASARAN ON LINE
Authors: Karyanta Nugraha Arif , Susantiningrum Susantiningrum , Mahadjoeno Edwi
Published: September 2019

Industri mebel dan kerajinan merupakan industri yang cukup banyak
menyerap tenaga kerja. Industri ini masuk ke dalam 10 industri unggulan
yang menyumbang kinerja ekspor nasional. CV. Jembatan Lintas
Benua merupakan salah satu UKM yang berkecimpung di dunia mebel.
CV. Jembatan Lintas Benua bertempat di Serenan, Sukoharjo. Mebel yang
diproduksi merupakan mebel kayu dengan gaya modern minimalis. Saat
ini, pemasaran produk-produk mebel telah mengalami kemajuan hingga
ekspor ke luar negeri. Untuk mendukung pemasarannya, CV. Jembatan
Lintas Benua telah memiliki website yang dapat digunakan untuk
melakukan pemasaran secara online. Akan tetapi, website tersebut belum
dikelola secara optimal. Metode pemecahan masalah yang diterapkan
kepada mitra antara lain; pelatihan inclass yang meliputi pelatihan
kewirausahaan; pelatihan manajemen keuangan dan pelatihan
manajemen pemasaran. Selain itu diberikan pula teknologi tepat guna
berupa website serta seperangkat PC computer yang akan dilaksanakan
dalam jangka waktu dua tahun. Output kegiatan IbPU ini diharapkan
mampu meningkatkan kualitas SDM dan produk mebel kedua mitra serta
meningkatkan jumlah ekspor pada skala yang lebih besar.
ANALISIS LAPORAN KEUANGAN DARI TAHUN 2013-2015 PADA KOPERASI KARTIKA D-10/GABUNGAN AJEN KOREM 074/WARASTRATAMA SURAKARTA
Authors: Santosa Budi Joko
Published: September 2019

The purpose of the study is to determine the financial performance of the Cooperative Kartika D-10/Gabungan Ajen Korem 074 Warastrama Surakarta in the period of 2013-2015 in terms of the ratios of liquidity, solvency, and profitability. This research used case study method to review the Cooperative of Kartika D-10/Gabungan Ajen Korem 074 Warastrama Surakarta 2013-2015. Data collection techniques are done by observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques used the ratios of liquidity, solvency ratio, and profitability ratio. The result of the research shows that liquidity ratio with current ratio, quick ratio and networking capital showing that the ability of Primkop Kartika D-10/Gabungan Ajen Korem 074 Warastrama in paying short-term debt is high because of the many idle assets, so the capital management is inefficient. Solvency ratio with the ratio of debt equity ratio and debt to total asset ratio of the capital management of Primkop Kartika D-10/Gabungan Ajen Korem Warastrama is efficient. The result of profitability ratio with the ratio of economic profitability and profitability of own capital is known that the company's capital management in obtaining return on capital in Primkop Kartika D-10/Gabungan Ajen Korem Warastrama has been efficient.
IbM PENGUSAHA KERUPUK KARAK DI DESA DUKUH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS MAKANAN SEHAT DAN PENERAPAN INOVASI TEKNOLOGI TEPAT GUNA
Authors: Yudhistira Bara , Rachmawati Dian , Siswanti Siswanti
Published: September 2019

Home industry of krupuk Karak in the subdistrict Mojolaban Sukoharjo district is currently growing with the number of many industries. Most of these industries still use borax as the developer material of batter dough. STPP is an alternative substance of borax replacement. STPP education as a substitute for borax should be done to eliminate the use of borax in food. Home industry in Sukoharjo district is still using manual labor for the production process of cracker karak. Appropriate technology can be provided to save time and production costs. The process of soaking batter dough has been the most time-consuming and energy-consuming process. Mincer as a meat grinder can be used to crush the dough.
PENINGKATAN USAHA ANEKA OLAHAN UBI DI DESA KENTENG PUNTUKREJO, KECAMATAN NGARGOYOSO, KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR
Authors: Nursiwi Asri , Utami Rohula , Nurhartadi Edhi
Published: September 2019

Kenteng Village Puntukrejo is one of the industrial centers of
processed sweet potato in Karanganyar Regency. Processed purple sweet
potato products produced include bakpia, wingko, and ice cream.
Generally, the problems that occur in the sweet potatoes processing are
the equipment used is not in accordance with the standards for the food
industry, the limited amount of equipment, hygiene and sanitation during
processing is not considered so as to bring the risk of contamination to the
end product, as well as stagnant business conditions because the absence
of product diversification and limited marketing area. To solve the
problem through this program of dedication will be done (1) Introduction
of appropriate technology for the processing of sweet potato; (2) Training
of food industry management; (3) Introduction of processing technology
for 'cassava leaf chips' as an effort to diversify products; (4) IT-based
marketing training; (5) as well as facilitation of testing of nutrient content
on the end product. Through this dedication activity has been done
Introduction of processing technology for 'cassava leaf chips' as the effort
of product diversification. To improve product quality and production
capacity has been given the equipment in the form of oven, large capacity
mixer, wingko molding, freezer, analytical scales, stainless steel basin, and
stainless steel table. Food industry management training in the form of
Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) training has been given to ensure
quality and safe the products. It also provides IT-based marketing training
to improve product marketing. The results of laboratory analysis, purple
sweet potato bakpia has water content 33.29%, mineral content 1.51%, fat
content 11.91%, protein content 9.34%, carbohydrate content 43.95%, and
antioxidant activity 6.20%. Purple sweet potato wingko has water content
34.47%, mineral content 1.32%, fat content 11.70%, protein content 3.06%,
and carbohydrate content 49.45%. While the cassava leaf chips has water
content 5.39%, mineral content 5.23%, fat content 32.66%, protein content
8.59%, and carbohydrate content 48.13%.
Keywords: sweet potato, bakpia sweet potato, wingko sweet potato,
cassava leaf chips, Ngargoyoso
SOSIALISASI JURNAL KEWIRAUSAHAAN DAN BISNIS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PUBLIKASI PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Susantiningrum Susantiningrum , Triharyanto Eddy , Hantari Dimar
Published: September 2019

Jurnal Kewiruasahaan dan Bisnis (JKB) is a journal published by PPKwu twice in a year. Currently the journal has a printed ISSN and an electronic ISSN. To enter the accredited journal stage, one of the provisions is that the articles published must consist of at least 2 different institutions. Starting in 2015, JKB has published a journal containing articles from two different institutions. However, there are still few articles from institutions other than the UNS. This is due to the absence of socialization of the Entrepreneurship and Business Journal to other institutions. This activity aims to socialize the Entrepreneurship and Business Journal to other institutions. Hoped that it will increase the number of article publications from UNS and other institutions, increase the number of peer reviewers of JKB, increase the branding index of PPKwu, improve the network of collaboration so that they can achieve the UNS mission, it is UNS towards world class university.
PKM PENINGKATAN KUALITAS KETERAMPILAN BAGI ANAK-ANAK PANTI PELAYANAN SOSIAL ANAK “TARUNA YODHA” DI SUKOHARJO
Authors: Susilaningsih Susilaningsih , Rokhmat Hidayat Rian
Published: September 2019

Peran panti sosial anak sangat dibutuhkan sebagai pilihan untuk memberikan pelayanan kesejahteraan bagi anak putus sekolah. Panti Pelayanan Sosial “Taruna Yodha” Sukoharjo merupakan salah satu Unit Pelaksana Teknis Dinas Sosial Provinsi Jawa Tengah yang melayani 150 anak secara gratis. Alokasi biaya hanya cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup dan kegiatan selama tinggal di asrama. Sehingga masih diperlukan tambahan biaya untuk memandirikan anak serta meningkatkan kualitas keterampilan anak. Metode yang digunakan untuk membantu mengatasi persoalan-persoalan yang telah disepakati di atas adalah pelatihan sistem budidaya pertanian, bantuan dukungan alat, dan pendampingan. Kegiatan ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas keterampilan bagi anak-anak PPSA “Taruna Yodha” Sukoharjo sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bekal untuk memperbaiki kualitas hidupnya. Kabupaten Sukoharjo mempunyai potensi yang tinggi di bidang pertanian. Kegiatan ini bekerjasama dengan pemilik usaha “Tarinbel Hydrofarm” selaku Mitra II sehingga dapat terjadi simbiosis mutualisme antara Tarinbel Hydrofarm dengan PPSA “Taruna Yodha” dimana bisa menjadi penyedia perlengkapan selama pelatihan serta distributor hasil tanam.
A high dietary fiber randomized clinical trial reduces gestational weight gain, fat accrual, and postpartum weight retention
Authors: Hull Holly R. , Herman Amy , Gibbs Heather , Gajewski Byron , Krase Kelli , Carlson Susan E. , Sullivan Debra K. , Goetz Jeannine
Published: September 2019

Background Interventions to prevent excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) have had limited success This pilot study examined the effectiveness of a single goal (SG) high dietary fiber intervention to prevent excessive GWG.Methods Twelve weekly lessons focused on consuming a high fiber diet (≥30 g/day). Snacks containing 10-12 g of dietary fiber were given for the first six weeks only. Body composition was measured at baseline and at the end of the intervention. At one-year postpartum, body weight retention and dietary practices were assessed.Results The SG group increased fiber intake during the study (32 g/day at 6 weeks, 27 g/day at 12 weeks), whereas the UC group did not (~17 g/day). No differences were found for the proportion of women classified as excessive gainers. During the intervention, the SG group gained less body weight (-4.1 kg) and less fat mass (-2.8 kg) (p<0.05). At one year postpartum, the SG group retained less weight, though non-significant (0.35 vs. 4.4 kg, respectively; p=0.32), and reported trying to currently eat high fiber foods.Conclusion The SG intervention resulted in less weight gain, fat accrual, and weight retention at one year postpartum. A residual intervention effect was detected postpartum with the participants reporting continued efforts to consume a high fiber diet.
Determinants of late antenatal care follow up among pregnant women in Easter zone Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, 2018. Unmatched case- control study
Authors: Gebremariam Gebrehiwot , Teklehaimanot Berhane Fsseha , Gebru Hurut Teame , Gebrezgi Zinabu Asfaw , Tekola Kidanemaryam Berhe , Baraki Mulu Fitwi
Published: September 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify determinants of late antennal care at first visit in health facilities of eastern Tigray, Northern Ethiopia 2018.
Result : Women with unplanned pregnancy were 4 times more likely attending late (AOR= 4.03, 95%, CI: 1.56-5.67). Participants who attended antenatal care after 16 weeks for previous pregnancies were 3.9 times attending late (AOR= 3.9, 95% CI: 1.98-7.68). Participants who did not supported by partner for antenatal visit were1.3 more likely attending late (AOR= 1.29,95%, CI: 1.05-4.67). Similarly women who recognized their pregnancy at three months or late were 4.7 attending late ( AOR= 4.7,95%,CI: 2.49-9.04). Women who received adequate time by health care providers during antenatal care follow up were 53% less likely attending late. As a conclusion, unplanned pregnancy, partner support, late recognizing of pregnancy; gravidity and provided adequate time for antenatal care were the determinants of late attending of antenatal care. There for responsible bodies should give focuses on utilization of family planning, increasing awareness of pregnancy symptoms and health provisional provide adequate time during visits.
Longitudinal changes in energy balance during pregnancy in South African women from the Tlokwe Municipal area
Authors: Oort Van Fourie , Moss Sarah J , Schutz Y
Published: September 2019

Background Energy balance in the era of obesity, contributes to challenges in healthy weight maintenance. The study aims to determine the changes in energy intake and expenditure from the first to the third trimester of pregnancy in women from the Tlokwe Municipal area.Methods We followed a longitudinal observational design to measure healthy pregnant women in the first (9–12 weeks), second (20–22 weeks) and third trimester (28–32 weeks). A valitdated, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire determined energy and macronutrient intakes. Energy expenditure (EE) was calculated from resting energy expenditure, as measured by indirect calorimetry (FitMate®), whereas activity energy expenditure was measured by combining heart rate and accelerometry (ActiHeart®). Energy balance was calculated as the difference between energy expenditure and energy intake. A mixed-model analysis was performed to determine significant differences between energy expenditure and intake during pregnancy.Results Energy intake increased from the first (8841 ± 3456 kJ/day) to the second trimester (9134 ± 3046 kJ/day) and declined in the third trimester of pregnancy (8171 ± 3017 kJ/day). A negative energy balance was found during the first (-1374 ± 4548 kJ/day) and third trimesters (-1331 ± 3734 kJ/day), whereas a minor positive energy balance was observed in the second trimester (380 ± 14212 kJ/day). Resting energy expenditure showed significant differences between the second and third, as well as the first and third trimesters. Changes in activity energy expenditure throughout pregnancy showed practical significance between the first and third trimesters.Conclusions Energy intake and expenditure during pregnancy did not differ. The additional energy expenditure in the third trimester could be attributed to resting energy expenditure and a decrease in activity energy expenditure.
Systematic review of the tools of oral and dental health literacy: Assessment of conceptual dimensions and psychometric properties
Authors: Ghaffari Mohtasham , Mehrabi Yadollah , Rakhshanderou Sakineh , Ramezankhani Ali , Safari-Moradabadi Ali
Published: September 2019

Background This article aims to provide a description of conceptual dimensions and psychometric properties of the tools of oral and dental health literacy.Methods Two authors in this study conducted electronic searches in the Medline (via PubMed), and Embase databases to find relevant articles from 1990 to present day. Evaluation of the tools was carried out in two parts; general evaluation of the tools using skills introduced by Sornes et al., and qualitative assessment of psychometric properties using COSMIN checklist.Results After reviewing 1839 articles on oral and dental health literacy and evaluating 33 full text articles for eligibility, 21 articles entered the study. The sample size varied from 20 to 1405 subjects and the items of each tool ranged from 11 to 99 items. Of the 21 tools examined, 16 tools were evaluated for word recognition. For the studies examined, the evaluation of COSMIN scores was often fair or good. Of the 21 tools examined, 9 tools at least in one dimension were in the category of "poor", 19 tools were in the category of "fair", 20 tools were in the category of "good", and 4 tools were in the category of "excellent" in at least one dimension.Discussion The authors of this study emphasize on the necessity to design and develop a comprehensive tool and take into account two characteristics of simplicity and briefness for international use. Because it is only then that, the tool can be used to transform oral and dental health literacy into a comprehensive and usable index for monitoring the world’s health system (in oral health).
Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy among Chinese Medical Students
Authors: Chen Xuyu , Ran Li , Gu Yaohua , Zhang Yuting , Wu Wenwen , Tan Xaiodong
Published: September 2019

Background: Empathy is critical for medical training, clinical practice, even the future professionalism of medical students. The Jefferson scale of empathy- Students version (JSE-S) was developed for estimating empathy among medical students and it’s a psychometrically sound instrument. The purpose of the study is to develop a validated translation of JSE-S that used by Chinese medical students and to confirm the psychometric properties, underlying component and latent variable structure of the Chinese JSE-S. Methods: The JSE-S was translated into Chinese based on standardized guidelines. The sample was divided to two parts. The first half of the data was used for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using principal component analysis(PCA) with oblique rotation(promax), and the latter was used for confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) using structural equation modeling(SEM). Results: 749 questionnaires (94.81%) were eligible. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the JSE-S for the entire sample was 0.89. EFA indicated that three-component solution was acceptable, and the three components are "Perspective Taking", "Compassionate Care" and "Emotional Detachment" respectively. Item 18 was proposed to move to the third factor. CFA indicated that the three-factors model showed an acceptable goodness of fit. Conclusions: Reliability and validity of the Chinese JSE-S were satisfactory among Chinese medical students. The results supporting the underlying factor structure of the Chinese JSE-S.
The Safety and Feasibility of Radial Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Cryobiopsy in Diffuse Pulmonary Infiltrate Diseases
Authors: Cheng wen chien , Shen Meng-Fang , Wu Biing-Ru , Liao Wei-Chih , Chen Chih-Yu , Chen Wei-Chun , Chen Chia-Hung , Tu Chih-Yen
Published: September 2019

Background Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) has emerged as a new bronchoscopic procedure which can improve specimen size and obtain crush artifact-free tissue to increase diagnostic yield in various diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLDs). However, TBLC has been associated with a higher incidence of complications, and variability in diagnostic yield. Radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (R-EBUS) may be able to overcome these problems. We evaluated the safety and feasibility of TBLC in combination with R-EBUS to diagnose DPLDs.Methods We conducted this retrospective study at a single medical center from January 2015 to March 2019. Patients with DPLDs who underwent R-EBUS to locate target lesions and confirm the absence of adjacent vessels, followed by sampling with conventional transbronchial lung forceps biopsy (TBLB) and cryobiopsy (TBLC) were enrolled. TBLC and TBLB samples were sent to the pathology department for diagnostic analysis. The sample size, diagnostic yield and complications after the procedure were recorded.Results A total 30 patients with DPLD were analyzed, of whom 17 had diffuse lung infiltrates and 13 had pulmonary nodules/masses. The overall diagnostic rate was 80% (24/30) and the diagnostic yield increased from 46.7% with the forceps biopsy to 73.3% after adding cryobiopsy (p=0.038). Compared to conventional transbronchial biopsy with forceps, cryobiopsy provided a larger specimen and sample volume (40 mm3 vs 6 mm3; p<0.001). Twenty-two (73.3%) patients had mild bleeding, two (6.7%) had moderate to severe bleeding, and one (3%) had pneumothorax. Ten patients who initially had non-diagnostic results by TBLB received a definite diagnosis after adding TBLC. Among these patients, eight (8/10) were ultimately diagnosed with interstitial lung disease (ILD) (p<0.001).Conclusions TBLC with R-EBUS guidance increased the diagnostic yield in patients with DPLD, particularly in those with ILD. The samples obtained by TBLC were significantly larger and there were no severe complications after the procedure. Larger studies are needed to confirm the safety and feasibility of R-EBUS-guided TBLC.
Identifying the most effective tool to assess health status of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease -a prospective study
Authors: chen ping , Zhou Aiyuan , Zhou Zijing , Deng Dingding , Zhao Yiyang , Duan Jiaxi
Published: September 2019

Background: There is currently no recognized discharge criteria for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). In clinical work, pulmonologists determine whether a patient can be discharged considering the patient self-reported health status and some measurements which are related to the health status of AECOPD patients. Various measurements have been used to evaluate health status in patients with AECOPD, including lung function, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), blood gas analysis, COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and modified Medical Research Council test (mMRC). However, which one is most closely related to the patient self-reported health status remains unknown. Methods: Patients with AECOPD were assessed at two visits: on admission and on day 7. The above measurements were tested at each visit. At the second visit, the patients were asked to report the health status according to a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5, representing ‘much better’, ‘slightly better’, ‘no change’, ‘slightly worse’ and ‘much worse’. Based on patients self-reported outcome, we defined the responders as those patients who reported “much better,” or “slightly better”, non-responders were those who reported ‘no change,’ ‘slightly worse’ or ‘much worse’. Results: 55 patients were recruited into analysis. FENO and CAT could change sensitively based on different health status, except failing to differentiate the patients between those who reported ‘slightly better’ and ‘no changes’. The changes in predicted percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%) didn’t change significantly between ‘no change’ group and ‘slightly better or much better’ group, it could only identify the ‘slightly worse’ patients. Although mMRC and blood gas analysis (PaO2, PaCO2) changed significantly after treatment, they didn’t reflect sensitively the evolution of health status. Among these measurements, the changes in CAT was best correlated with the evolution of health status (Rho=0.81), followed by FENO and FEV1%, the rho was 0.59 and -0.42, respectively. Conclusion: It’s reasonable to monitor CAT and FENO during exacerbation stage, the use of lung function and mMRC to evaluate the evolution of patients’ reported health status of patients with AECOPD is limited. Registry number: ChiCTR-ROC-16009087 (http://www.chictr.org.cn/).
Immunization with neural derived peptides increases neurogenesis in rats with chronic spinal cord injury
Authors: Rodriguez-Barrera Roxana , Flores-Romero Adrian , García Elisa , Fernández-Presas Ana Maria , Incontri-Abraham Diego , Navarro-Torres Lisset Karina , Whaley Juan José Juárez-Vignon , Madrazo Ignacio , Ibarra Antonio
Published: September 2019

Background Immunization with neural derived peptides (INDP) has demonstrated to be a promising therapy to achieve a regenerative effect in the chronic phase of the spinal cord injury (SCI). Nevertheless, to date INDP-induced neurogenic effects in the chronic stage of SCI has not been explored. In the present study, we first analyzed the effect of INDP on both motor and sensitive function recovery; afterwards, we assessed neurogenesis and determined the production of cytokines and neurotrophic factors. We analyzed motor and sensitivity recovery using the BBB score and the Von Frey Hair test, respectively. Neurogenesis was evaluated by immunofluorescence. Finally, we examined the expression of IL-4, IL-10, BDNF and GAP-43 using an ELISA assay.Results During the chronic stage of SCI, rats subjected to INDP showed a significant increase in both motor and sensitive recovery when compared to the control group. Moreover, we found a significant increase in neurogenesis, mainly at the central canal and both the dorsal and ventral horns of INDP-treated animals. Finally, INDP induced a significant production of anti-inflammatory and regeneration-associated proteins in the chronic stages of injury.Conclusions These findings suggest that INDP has a neurogenic effect that could improve motor and sensitive recovery in the chronic stage of SCI.
The nutrigenomic metabolite L‑carnitine directly modulates the activity and expression of nuclear receptors in adipocytes, liver and muscle cells
Authors: Förster Lorenz , Indra Dominic , Hofbauer Reinhold
Published: September 2019

Background: L‑carnitine is an indispensable metabolite in eukaryotic cells, which facilitates transport of long‑chain fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix for subsequent β-oxidation and helps to safeguard the acetyl-CoA level. Additionally, L‑carnitine has been proven to exert a nutrigenomic effect, modulating the expression of numerous target genes. However, the diverging time-dependent effects of short-term and extended L‑carnitine supplementation have not been investigated in more detail yet, especially in the interplay of adipocytes, liver and muscle cells. A cell culture model with conditions of L‑carnitine deficiency and supplementation for these cell types was established to investigate the effects of L‑carnitine on key nuclear receptors and their pathways. Results: L‑carnitine deficiency as well as L‑carnitine supplementation to hepatocytes modulated protein activity of multiple nuclear receptor pathways (RAR, RXR, VDR, PPAR, HNF4, ER, LXR). On the transcriptional level, short‑term L‑carnitine supplementation initially exerted an inhibitory effect on the steady state mRNA levels of PPAR‑α, PPAR‑δ, PPAR-γ, RAR‑β , LXR‑α and RXR‑α in adipocytes, liver and muscle cells. However, extended L‑carnitine supplementation for 24 and 48 hours led to a significant upregulation of PPAR‑α and PPAR‑δ , being key regulators of lipid catabolism, thereby promoting lipolysis and β-oxidation. In addition, significant differences in transcriptional modulation were found between adipocytes, liver and muscle cells. Extended L‑carnitine administration to hepatocytes also modulated mRNA expression levels of nuclear receptor target genes CYP2R1 , ALDH1A1 , HSD11B2 , OGT and HMGCR. Conclusions: These findings show a clear nutrigenomic effect of L‑carnitine on the protein activity and expression levels of selected nuclear receptors in different tissues, promoting lipolytic gene expression as well as decreasing transcription of adipogenic and insulin-resistance linked genes. Therefore L‑carnitine supplementation obviously is a promising strategy supporting established antihyperlipidemic therapies.
Risk factors for poor health and performance in European broiler production systems.
Authors: Limbergen Tommy A.A. Van , Sarrazin Steven , Chantziaras Ilias , Dewulf Jeroen , Ducatelle Richard , Kyriazakis Ilias , McMullin Paul , Méndez Jesús , Niemi Jarkko K. , Papasolomontos Sotiris , Szeleszczuk Piotr , Erum Johan Van , Maes Dominiek
Published: September 2019

Background Conventional broilers are currently one of the most efficient protein converters. Although decades of progress in genetic selection and feed formulation have lead to high standards of efficient broiler production, still a lot of variability is found between farms and between successive flocks. The aim of this study was to investigate risk- and/or protective factors for poor health and performance in conventional broiler-farms in Europe by developing eight multivariable linear mixed models. Three different models were used to investigate mortality (overall, first week, after first week), three models for performance variables (growth, feed conversion, European production index) and two models were related to slaughterhouse data (i.e. dead on arrival and condemnation rate). Results Several factors related to management and housing were significantly associated with health and performance of broilers. The following factors were associated with increased mortality: floor quality, neonatal septicemia, ventilation type and other professional activities of the farmer. The factors associated with performance were chick sex, coccidiosis infections, necrotic enteritis, dysbacteriosis, light intensity adaptations, ventilation type, comparing daily flock results with previous flock results by farmer, daily check of feed and water system and type of feed. For dead on arrival three risk factors were identified i.e. daily growth, type of light adaptation and type of drinkers system. For condemnation rate seven risk factors were found, i.e. type of drinking system, daily growth, feed withdrawal time, type of ventilation, house size, septicemia after seven days and type of feed. Conclusions These results imply that a multifactorial approach is required with adaptations involving both improvements in management, housing, health programs and an increasing level of professionalism of the farmer in order to improve broiler performance and health.
Results of a multicentre double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial of the liquid form of Anaferon for children in the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections
Authors: Blokhin B. M. , Shamsheva O. V. , Chernaya N. L. , Sitnikov I. G. , Lazareva S. G. , Balzerovich N. B. , Perminova O. A. , Zhiglinskaya O. V. , Koshavtseva M. Yu.
Published: September 2019

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are major causes of morbidity in children. Symptomatic treatment is insufficiently effective and requires additional drugs with etiotropic action. This multi-center double blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical study with superiority model design considers a liquid formulation of Anaferon for children.

Methods. The study included 142 children from 1 month to 3 years 11 month 29 days old with ARI of the upper respiratory tract. They were randomized into Anaferon for children and Placebo groups (71 in each group) via interactive voice randomization system. The treatment period was 5 days, observation period – 14 days. The average duration of the symptoms and the severity of the respiratory disease were used as primary efficacy endpoints.

Results. All 142 patients were randomized and included into ITT (Intention to treat) analysis. 140 patients (70 patients in each group) were included into PP-analysis. The patients in the Anaferon for children group had better results with average duration of ARI as compared to the Placebo group (87.7±31.5h vs. 103.3±19.4h; p =0.007). The authors marked efficacy of Anaferon for children in such parameters as disease severity (ITT-analysis: p=0.0004), total severity of disease symptoms (ITT-analysis: ANOVA: “Group” factor p=0.0004; “Day” factor p<0.0001), and percentage of recovered patients (Log-rank test, p=0.035). There were no discrepancies between the groups in concomitant therapy (ITT-analysis: ANOVA “Group-Day” factor p=0.88), bacterial complications frequency (p=1.0), adverse effects (Fisher criteria: p=0.5321). The authors registered 14 cases of adverse events (10 cases in Anaferon group and 4 cases in Placebo group) in 11 patients. None of the adverse events had a certain or probable relation to the studied drug.

Conclusion. Anaferon for children proved their efficiency and safety in young children with ARI.
Diagnostics and treatment of arterial hypertension in children and adolescents, overview of new clinical guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics
Authors: Agapitov L. I. , Cherepnina I. V.
Published: September 2019

The article analyzes clinical guidelines oftheAmericanAcademy ofPediatrics dd 2017 “ClinicalPractice Guideline forScreening andManagement of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents”. This document contains new values of blood pressure in children, replaces the term “prehypertension” with the term “elevated blood pressure”, provides a simplified classification of arterial hypertension in adolescents over 13 years and revisesthe guidelinesfor daily blood pressure monitoring and echocardiography. The documentspecifiesthe criteria for diagnosing increased body weight of the left ventricular myocardium, changesthe target blood pressure levels. This new guidelines helps to optimize the diagnostics and treatment of hypertension in children. At the same time there is need for further comprehensive analysis of clinicalrecommendations and assessment of their practicalsignificance for pediatrics.
Intestinal mucosal lymphocytes in neonatal sepsis
Authors: Khaertynov Kh. S. , Anokhin V. A. , Burganova G. R. , Pevnev G. O. , Mavlikeev M. O. , Kiyasov A. P. , Nizamutdinov E. Z. , Lubin S. A. , Satrutdinov M. A. , Pchenitchnyi P. V.
Published: September 2019

We studied the autopsy material obtained from 7 children who died in the neonatal period in order to evaluate the composition of lymphocytes of the intestinal mucosa against the background of morphological changes in the tissues of the gastrointestinal tract in newborns with sepsis. The main group consisted of 4 children with neonatal sepsis, the control group – of 3 newborns who died from other causes. The research material included the specimen of the small and large intestine.

Results. Small intestine: it was found that there were less CD4 + lymphocytes in the small intestinal mucosa in the group of children who died from neonatal sepsis in 75% of cases than in the control group, but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.1). There were no differences in the number of CD8 + and CD20 + cells in the studied groups. Large intestine: the number of CD4 + lymphocytes of the mucous membrane of the colon was greater in the main group of children than in the control group (p=0.03). An increase in the number of CD4 + cells was registered in 3 of 4 cases of neonatal sepsis. The number of CD8+ and CD20+ lymphocytes in the studied groups was the same (р>0.05).

Conclusion. The increase in T-lymphocytes CD4+ in the mucous membrane of the large intestine is probably connected with the antigenic stimulation of opportunistic intestinal bacteria. We found no morphological signs of the suppression of the cells of adaptive immunity associated with the intestinal mucosa.
Clinical and diagnostic features of pertussis in older children
Authors: Popova O. P. , Mazankova L. N. , Skirda T. A. , Bunin S. V. , Vlasov E. V.
Published: September 2019

В статье представлен анализ клинико-диагностических особенностей коклюша у детей старшего возраста. Удельный вес данной возрастной группы среди госпитализированных составлял 11,3±2,7–13,3±2,7% с преобладанием привитых против этой инфекции больных. У 93,6±3,6% пациентов заболевание протекало в среднетяжелой форме с типичным симптомокомплексом. Для верификации клинического диагноза был использован метод полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) и серологический метод – иммуноферментный анализ (ИФА). Эффективность метода ПЦР составляла 87,8%. Особая диагностическая ценность метода ИФА определялась возможностью подтвердить диагноз коклюша у привитых детей и в поздние сроки болезни, что ранее представляло большие трудности. Основным серологическим критерием служило выявление ассоциации высокого уровня продукции иммуноглобулинов IgG и IgA.
The experience of organizing an individual bank of breast milk at the perinatal center
Authors: Zakharova N. I. , Yanin V. A. , Malyutina L. V. , Krikunova V. L. , Khalimova O. A. , Khlebushkina V. M.
Published: September 2019

Organizing an individual bank of breast milk helps to preserve an alternative possibility to continue breast-feeding of a newborn baby with pumped and (or) frozen mother’s milk. Pumped milk (milk defrosted not later than 3–6 months) is microbiologically safe food for a baby. Frozen pumped milk is much better than mixtures for babies. Sanitary Regulations and Standards 2.1.3.2630.-10 clause 3.5 are to be updated to reflect the technology of breast-feeding preservation forsick babies who do not have breast-feeding since the first days of life.