bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dhamma of Ashok : An observation
Authors: Naulakha Jitendra Singh
Published: June 2024

The Mauryan realm was established by a powerful army, and it was kept in operation by an administrative apparatus that was highly effective. In addition to these two aspects, the unification of the empire most likely necessitated the establishment of an ideology that would serve as an overarching framework, allowing for the incorporation of a great deal of diversity at the regional and local levels. Despite the fact that great rulers were responsible for the expansion and consolidation of Magadhan authority, it is possible that Asoka was the first monarch to recognise the necessity of an ideology in order to guarantee the consolidation of power within the empire. This is made abundantly clear by the concept and dissemination of what he referred to as Dhamma. Edicts issued by Ashoka did, in fact, centre on the concept of Dhamma as their primary focus.
Child labor in unorganized sector of Kumaon
Authors: Bisht Manoj Singh
Published: June 2024

The problem of child labor in India is very complex but it is not only an Indian problem but an international phenomenon. The population living below the poverty line in India is approximately 29.2 percent. The main factors of child labor are poverty, unfavorable family environment, neglect by parents or guardians, death of an elder member of the family, especially one of the parents, and psychological reasons. The presented article is an attempt to highlight the problem of child labor in Kumaon region. According to the official website of the United Nations, approximately 160 million children are involved in child labor worldwide, which represents 1 in 10 children. From 2000 to 2020, child labor decreased by 85.5 million, from 16 percent to 9.6 percent. According to the 2011 census, 84 million children in India do not go to school and 78 lakh children are forced to do child labour. According to a report, 160 million children worldwide were affected by child labor during the Corona period in 2021. According to the Indian Constitution, children aged 5-14 years who do mental or physical labor in any industry, factory or company are called child labour. According to the United Nations, people working under the age of 18 years are child labourers, that is, if a child under the age of 14 years is employed for any work being done for commercial purposes, then it is called child labour. It has been declared illegal in India.
Abstract in Hindi Language:
भारत में बाल श्रमिकों की समस्या अत्यन्त जटिल है लेकिन यह मात्र भारत की ही समस्या नहीं बल्कि एक अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय परिघटना है। भारत में गरीबी रेखा के नीचे रहने वाली आबादी लगभग 29.2 प्रतिशत है। बाल श्रम के प्रमुख कारकों में निर्धनता, प्रतिकूल पारिवारिक वातावरण, माता-पिता या अभिभावकों द्वारा उपेक्षा करना, परिवार के किसी बड़े सदस्य प्रमुखतः माता-पिता में से किसी एक की मृत्यु होना, मनोविज्ञान सम्बन्धी कारण प्रमुख हैं। प्रस्तुत लेख कुमायूँ क्षेत्र में बाल श्रमिकों की समस्या को उजागर करने का एक प्रयास है। संयुक्त राष्ट्र की आधिकारिक वेबसाइट के अनुसार दुनिया भर में लगभग 160 मिलियन बच्चे बाल-श्रम में शामिल हैं, जो 10 में से 1 बच्चे का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है। 2000 से 2020 तक, बाल श्रम में 85.5 मिलियन की कमी आई, जो 16 प्रतिशत से घटकर 9.6 प्रतिशत हो गया। 2011 की जनगणना के अनुसार भारत में 8.4 करोड़ बच्चे स्कूल नहीं जाते और 78 लाख बच्चे ऐसे हैं जिन्हें मजबूरन बाल मजदूरी करनी पड़ती है। एक रिपोर्ट के अनुसार 2021 में कोरोना काल में दुनियाभर में 160 मिलियन बच्चे बाल श्रम की चपेट में आए थे। भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार किसी उद्योग, कल-कारखाने या किसी कम्पनी में मानसिक या शारीरिक श्रम करने वाले 5-14 वर्ष उम्र के बच्चों को बाल श्रमिक कहा जाता है। संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ के अनुसार 18 वर्ष से कम उम्र के श्रम करने वाले लोग बाल श्रमिक हैं अर्थात् व्यावसायिक उद्देश्य से किए जा रहे किसी कार्य के लिए 14 वर्ष से कम आयु के बच्चे को नियुक्त किया जाता है तो वह बाल श्रम कहलाता है। भारत में इसे गैर-कानूनी घोषित किया गया है।
Keywords: असंगठित क्षेत्र, बाल श्रमिक, अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय, गरीबी रेखा
Social and Economic Impact of Public Welfare Schemes in Rajasthan: General Analysis
Authors: Bohra Jai Babber , Bohra Alka
Published: June 2024

The democratic system is considered the best among the governance systems of any country. Among the various features of this superior system, one prominent feature is the presence of a welfare state. Welfare state is that concept of governance in which the state plays an important role in the socio-economic progress of the citizens. The welfare state works on the principle of equality of opportunities, equitable distribution of resources and ensuring access to basic needs of the people. After independence, India adopted the concept of welfare state to fulfill the basic needs of the people and run the government. The present Rajasthan government has provided many facilities to the people of Rajasthan in every field, due to which Rajasthan has emerged as a 'model state'. The government has started many schemes for public welfare which are directly benefiting the people.
Abstract in Hindi Language:
लोकतांत्रिक व्यवस्था को किसी भी देश की संचालन व्यवस्थाओं में से श्रेष्ठ माना जाता है। इस श्रेष्ठ व्यवस्था की विभिन्न विशेषताओं में से एक प्रमुख विशेषता कल्याणकारी राज्य की उपस्थिति है। कल्याणकारी राज्य, शासन की वह संकल्पना है, जिसमें राज्य नागरिकों की सामाजिक-आर्थिक उन्नति में महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका का निर्वहन करता है। कल्याणकारी राज्य अवसरों की समानता, संसाधनों का न्यायोचित वितरण तथा लोगों तक मूलभूत आवश्यकताओं की पहुँच सुनिश्चित करने के सिद्धांत पर कार्य करता है। स्वतंत्रता के बाद भारत ने जनता की मूलभूत आवश्यकताओं की पूर्ति तथा शासन संचालन हेतु कल्याणकारी राज्य की संकल्पना को अपनाया। वर्तमान राजस्थान सरकार ने राजस्थान की जनता के लिए प्रत्येक क्षेत्र में बहुत सारी सुविधाओं को उपलब्ध करवाया है, जिससे राजस्थान का स्वरूप ‘मॉडल स्टेट‘ के रूप में सामने आया है। सरकार ने जन कल्याण के लिए कई योजनाएं प्रारंभ की है जिसका सीधा लाभ जनता को मिल रहा है।
Keywords: राजस्थान सरकार, जनकल्याणकारी योजनाएँ, सामाजिक सुरक्षा, आर्थिक सुरक्षा।
Benefits and Challenges of Implementing Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in Nursing Education
Authors: Kansal Mahariba S , Vijayalakshmi K. , Merlin A
Published: June 2024

PBL is perhaps the most innovative pedagogical method ever implemented in education. Its effectiveness in facilitating student problem-solving and self- directed learning skills has been widely reported in medical education. It has also become increasingly popular across disciplines in higher education. It has been applied globally in a variety of professional schools of nursing. This study was undertaken to assess the Perceived Benefits and Challenges in implementation of Problem Based Learning (PBL) among Nursing Faculty in Selected Nursing Colleges, Chennai. Methods: A cross sectional, descriptive correlational study was conducted among 100 Nursing faculty, who were selected through purposive sampling technique, in nursing colleges of Chennai. Data was collected using the tools such as background variables proforma and Rating Scales on Perceived Benefits and Challenges in implementation of PBL in Google survey forms through WhatsApp and E mail. Results: Study findings revealed that Mean & SD of Benefits on implementation of PBL was 89/120± 9.79 and Perceived Challenges score was 28.68/56± 8.2 among Nursing faculty. Conclusion: Overall study findings revealed that Nursing Faculty had Positive perception on Benefits in implementation of PBL even though they were also concerned about some Challenges which can be managed by meticulous planning and implementation of the system. Therefore, PBL can be effectively incorporated in future also along with traditional teaching method to facilitate effective teaching and learning process.
Effect of GST on the FMCG Sectors Profitability Position
Authors: Dave Snehal , Parikh Hiral
Published: June 2024

By comparing the financial data from the three different periods, the study aims to identify any changes or trends that may have occurred in the companies' financial performance following the implementation of GST. This analysis can provide insights into how the implementation of GST has affected businesses in different sectors and can help identify areas where further reforms may be necessary. Overall, this study gives a thorough examination of how the GST has affected the financial results of fifteen Indian corporations. The research intends to offer insights into the short- and long-term effects of GST on firms in various industries by evaluating the data gathered for the pre-GST, post-GST, and present periods. Policymakers, academics, and corporate executives may find the study's conclusions interesting since they offer insightful information on the financial implications of the GST's implementation. A paired t-test can be used to determine if total income before and after the introduction of GST differed significantly. For this test, the null hypothesis (Ho) is that there is no discernible change in total income before and after the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST).
Motivation for sports training and related problems
Authors: Aleksiichuk Vasyl , Ponomarov Viktor , Korchagin Mukola
Published: June 2024

In modern society, thanks to the influence of social networks, the opinion is formed that sports should be a mandatory part of every person's life. Despite such propaganda, a fairly small percentage of people actually engage in sports on a regular basis. The problem of motivation to engage in physical culture and sports is an urgent issue in modern society. The purpose of the research is to identify problematic issues that affect people's motivations to engage in sports. The article provides an analysis of a survey of 216 respondents aged 17 to 45, including: athletes, students and cadets of higher educational institutions, sports bloggers, their subscribers, etc. Among the surveyed respondents, 8.3% do not do sports at all, 29.2% attend 1-2 training sessions a week, 37.5% have 3-4 training sessions, 25% of the study participants exercise 5 times or more. It was determined that 6% of the respondents train to prepare for competitions in the chosen sport; 42% do physical exercises "for themselves", that is, without a specific goal and without tasks to strive for; 36% for self-affirmation (to gain confidence in communicating with other people due to the feeling of improving one's physical development); and 16% do sports to prevent problems with their own health. Based on the results of the conducted research, a list of psychological problems that reduce motivation to go in for sports has also been determined: lack of free time, fear of looking like a newbie in the gym, lack of material resources and low level of health. The question of the factors affecting the desire of a modern person to do sports will be relevant for a long period of time, because the above problems are a reflection of today's social problems.
The use of psychorelaxation methods as a means of increasing the psycho- emotional stability of high school students with chronic fatigue syndrome in the process of teaching martial arts techniques in physical education lessons
Authors: Bilyk Valentyna , Omelchuk Olena
Published: June 2024

The problem of improving the psycho-emotional resilience of high school students is one of the most pressing today: difficult socio-economic conditions, the war in Ukraine, and the intensification of the educational process (distance learning) cause a steady trend towards a decrease in physical activity among students, a deterioration in their mental and physical health, and the development of chronic fatigue syndrome and psycho-emotional instability. The purpose of the study is to theoretically substantiate and experimentally investigate the feasibility of using psychorelaxation methods as a means of increasing the psychoemotional stability of high school students with chronic fatigue syndrome in the process of teaching martial arts techniques in physical education lessons.
The authors method of psychorelaxation as a means of increasing the psychoemotional stability of high school students with chronic fatigue syndrome in the process of teaching martial arts techniques in physical education lessons is implemented in two directions: thematic, aimed at equipping high school students with knowledge about the main factors, symptoms and features of the manifestation of chronic fatigue syndrome and psycho-emotional instability, adaptation mechanisms and forms of psychological protection; practical, aimed at reducing the manifestations of chronic fatigue syndrome and psycho-emotional instability, teaching high school students the skills of self-regulation of negative psycho-emotional states, self-help and mutual assistance, overcoming stressful situations, establishing effective interpersonal interaction, including using psycho-relaxation methods in physical education classes.
The main forms and methods of work were as follows: formation of general ideas about the health techniques of Eastern countries, their importance in human life, preservation and strengthening of mental health and physical development; group discussion, individual work, “active listening” techniques, etc. Among the methods of psychorelaxation, we used suggestive therapy, autogenic training, neuromuscular (progressive) relaxation, and ideomotor training.
The effectiveness of the author's methodology has been confirmed experimentally. Prospects for further research include the study of the effectiveness of using psychorelaxation methods as a means of increasing psychoemotional stability for different gender and age groups.
Results of factor analysis of indicators of physical condition of girls aged 7 - 17 years
Authors: Borуsova Yuliia , Horpynich Oleksii , Didkovskyi Oleksandr
Published: June 2024

The state of health of children is an integral indicator of the general well-being of society and one of the highest national values. Modern living conditions in Ukraine require a differentiated approach to the learning process, taking into account the specifics of the situation in Ukraine, the online mode of classes and other factors. Accordingly, the problem of precise task setting in physical education of schoolchildren is promising, which requires unified standards of physical fitness and model-target characteristics of children's physical condition. The purpose of the study is to determine, using factor analysis, the most significant indicators that affect the level of physical health of girls aged 7-17 years, to develop approaches to planning physical activity in physical education classes. The research was conducted in secondary schools No. 35, 66, 83 in Dnipro. To solve the tasks, 276 girls aged 7-17 studying in grades 1-11, who belong to the main medical group and do not play sports for health reasons, were involved in the pedagogical experiment. After the conducted factor analysis we made the following conclusions: the factor structure of physical condition of girls of 7-17 years old has its own peculiarities of morpho-functional development of children depending on age; the peculiarity of the factor structure of girls of almost all age groups is the location of physiological and anthropometric indicators in the most influential factors - I and II; motor indicators, being located next to anthropometric and functional ones, are in the factors that have a high influence on the total variance of the sample depending on age. Prospects for further research. The information obtained will be used to create differentiated tasks during physical education lessons and independent physical education and health classes.
Influence of a standard training program on the level of general physical fitness of the Greco-Roman style fighters for 15-16 years at the stage of specialized basic training
Authors: Zvonarev O.M. , Svatiev A.V.
Published: June 2024

The article deals with the peculiarities of the impact of the typical program of construction of the training process on the indicators of the general physical fitness of athletes of 15-16 years, which specialize in the greco-roman struggle, at the stage of specialized basic training. The relevance and practical significance of this study is due to both a significant increase in the requirements of the modern level of development of the greco-roman struggle in the world and very complex socio-political and economic conditions of our country's life as a result of the world pandemic at the COVID-19 and full-scale russian aggression, which is ongoing and in the present time. The analysis of the results of the pedagogical experiment testified that before the end of the study, there was an improvement in almost all parameters of physical fitness of the surveyed young men: the level of general physical fitness by 19%, mainly due to improving the strength (by 20 %%), speed (at 20%. 9%), high-speed endurance (by 7%), agility (by 5%) and total endurance (by 2%). We believe that quite significant magnitude of the relative increase of the parameters of physical fitness of young men 15-16 years can be explained by quite optimal initial values. The results obtained not only testified to the typical training program for fighters for 15-16 years at the stage of specialized basic training, but also made it possible to state the need for its correction with a focus on more significant development of general endurance of athletes, their agility, speed and speed preparedness.
Theoretical and methodological principles of involving students in extracurricular work on physical culture in general education schools
Authors: Sarancha Mykola , Griban Gryhoriy
Published: June 2024

The article deals with issues related to solving the theoretical and methodological foundations of the involvement of students of general education schools in sports in extracurricular groups. Reforming the educational process of physical culture in a general education school requires improvement of the process of extracurricular work which should be a continuation of physical culture lessons and is aimed at realizing the health-improving function of schoolchildren. The physical culture teacher at school has a task to make the process of physical education continuous. This means that the teacher does not have the right to limit his activities to individual episodic physical education activities or to involve other people in this process only from time to time. The issue of physical education of schoolchildren as a system of universal mandatory education of the basics of health and hygienic education is currently being put on the agenda of the teacher's work. The purpose of the research is to determine the attitude of students of grades 9-11 to volleyball classes outside of class and to involve them in group work on physical education. The research concept is based on the theoretical and scientific-methodical levels of the basic provisions of the theory and methodology of physical education and pedagogy, the regularities of the development of extracurricular work on physical culture. The research was conducted at Lyceum No. 8 in the city of Zhytomyr in 2023-2024 in which 183 students of grades 9-11 who attend physical education classes took part. Research methods used: analysis of literary sources, observations, interviews, questionnaires, methods of mathematical statistics. It was established that 16.1% of ninth graders know the rules of volleyball, 57.8% among tenth graders and 56.9% of eleventh graders, which indicates a high level of preparation of students in volleyball and their volleyball practice in middle classes. Among the students of the ninth grade, 8.1% attended volleyball training classes, and 6.9% participated in school and extracurricular competitions, among the students of the tenth and eleventh grades, trained: 28.9% and 23.5%; participated in competitions: 22.2% and 27.5%, respectively. 13.8% of ninth graders, 20.0% of tenth graders, and 29.4% of eleventh graders expressed a desire and are ready to improve their skills.
Interrelationship of physical and volitional qualities of children of primary school age in the process of physical education
Authors: Sembrat S.V. , Trotsenko V.V.
Published: June 2024

The article deals with the pedagogical problems of the theory and practice of physical education of children of primary school age. The relationship between the physical and volitional qualities of children of primary school age during physical education classes is analyzed.
The conducted theoretical analysis convincingly shows that one of the most complex and significant problems of education is the problem of will, the basis of which is the conscious direction of one's activity in accordance with the defined goals and tasks, the ability to overcome obstacles, the way to them.
The variety of views on the psychological nature of the will and volitional qualities proves the existence of difficulties both in their definition and in solving methodological problems.
Several scientific directions have emerged that interpret the psychological nature of will in different ways: will as a drive, will as arbitrary regulation, will as freedom of choice, will as arbitrary management of activity and behavior. Examining the will based on these interpretation options, various authors have become supporters of several approaches at the same time. Many psychologists understand willpower as a psychological mechanism that helps overcome obstacles. Specific manifestations of will based on the nature of the obstacles to be overcome are defined as volitional qualities;
The recommendations of experts on upbringing will mainly concern sports activities and will not cover age aspects. Pedagogical conditions have not been defined and the technology for raising the will of students in the process of educational and sports activities has not been developed, which requires improvement and harmonization of the idea of the meaningful nature of this process.
Thus, in secondary schools, in physical education classes, motor training and functional load do not sufficiently correspond to the solution of educational tasks.
Legal and regulatory opportunities for the implementation of sustainable development goals by specialists of physical education and sports in Ukraine
Authors: Tsyhura H.O.
Published: June 2024

The issue of attracting specialists of physical education and sports (such as teaching and coaching staff) to achieving sustainable development goals in Ukraine is being considered.
The regulatory and legal documents by which physical culture and sports specialists are guided in their professional activities are analysed. The documents of the educational and sports fields were analysed separately. The legal framework of the educational field – the Law of Ukraine "On Education"; "Standard of Higher Education of Ukraine for the Field of Knowledge 01 Education/Pedagogy of the Specialty 017 Physical Education and Sport"; "Physical Education Curriculum for General Secondary Education Institutions" – has specific positions regarding the implementation of some goals of sustainable development of ecological, social and economic directions. Such regulatory and legal documents in the field of physical culture and sports as the Law of Ukraine "On Physical Culture and Sports", "State Targeted Social Program for the Development of Physical Culture and Sports for the Period Until 2020", "National Doctrine for the Development of Physical Culture and Sports", "National Strategy on healthy physical activity in Ukraine for the period until 2025 "Physical activity – a healthy lifestyle – a healthy nation", "Strategy for the formation of a modern system of Olympic training for the period until 2020", the law of Ukraine "On support of the Olympic, Paralympic movement and sports of the highest achievements in Ukraine" – do not have clear points aimed at achieving the goals of sustainable development, but they contain separate positions that provide for the solution of some social and economic problems, while environmental aspects are not considered.
National sports legislation needs rethinking and regulation, by expanding the legal framework with clear provisions of sustainable development (with mandatory consideration of all components of sustainable development: ecological, social and economic), which will contribute to the active actions of the sports community for the sustainable development of Ukraine.
Adaptation of the curriculum for physical education of students of higher education institutions in the conditions of distance learning
Authors: Shapar K.O. , Kolomeitseva O.M. , Dovhopol E.P.
Published: June 2024

The problem of maintaining the level of effectiveness of the curriculum in the discipline «Physical education» for students of sports club sections in the conditions of forced isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2021 is considered. and military actions on the territory of the country from 2022.
«Today's system of education and science must undergo fundamental digital changes and correspond to the global trends of digital development in order for every person to successfully realize his potential. Today, more and more professions require the acquisition of a high level of digital skills and mastery of new technologies.Teachers of higher education institutions have opened distance learning platforms with their educational materials in free access. In accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education", higher education institutions were forced to create distance learning designed to "create an educational environment focused on meeting the needs and interests of those seeking higher education, in particular, providing opportunities for the formation of an individual educational trajectory.
Evaluation of the impact of team play in 3˟3 basketball on the development of dexterity in international military pentathlon cadet athletes
Authors: Yudin V.D. , Kyyko A.S.
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the article is to analyze a number of indicators of military pentathlon cadet athletes as a criterion for assessing the level of agility acquisition. To achieve the goal, tests are used, the conduct of which reproduces the development of specific abilities that contribute to the development of dexterity as a leading factor of success in competitions, including relays of overcoming a single special obstacle course. The article uses a number of scientific research methods: analysis of literary sources, functional testing, mathematical and statistical analysis. 24 cadets of the 1st year of higher education institutions (men) aged 17-18 took part in the pedagogical experiment. The functional state was assessed by tests that are mandatory during the annual draft procedure (selection of players to NBA clubs). The statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out by the parametric method, and the significance of the obtained data was checked using the Student's t-test (for n < 100) at the given level of reliability r = 0.95. For the possibility of using the Student's test, the Fisher- Snedecor test was calculated. The results. The initial reference data of functional indicators according to basketball-specific tests of first-year cadet-athletes of higher education institutions were established, which were defined as homogeneous with a minimum amplitude from the average values of the studied parameters. The implementation of regular basketball training in the form of a 3˟3 team game probably improved the indicators determined by the tests, namely speed and strength, coordination abilities, serial rapidity, explosive power with further formation of high-quality dexterity. In the future, the indicators of systemic oxygen transport and the application of their role in the assessment of the functional state of athletes from the international military pentathlon should be investigated.
THREE DECADES OF IMPROVING: THE JOURNEY OF THE FACULTY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS OF KHERSON STATE UNIVERSITY
Authors: Stepanyuk Svetlana , Koval Victoria , Grabovsky Yuriy , Gorodynska Inna , Rudenko Victoriya
Published: June 2024

The study explores the origins and development of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports at Kherson State University (KSU). KSU’s sports team has excelled in various disciplines, including rowing, kayaking, gymnastics, and more. The university has forged fruitful partnerships with Kherson Professional Sports College and “Invasport” for disabled athletes.
Kherson State University offers specialized training in Secondary Education (Physical Culture) and Physical Culture and Sports, reflecting its commitment to these fields. Training in these areas began in 1994. Currently, the faculty accommodates around 400 full-time students, including 250 bachelors’ and 38 masters’ candidates, along with 170 part-time students. Over 100 students are enrolled according to state quotas.
The faculty boasts over 25 highly qualified educators, including two professors and 16 associate professors. Graduates contribute significantly to the pedagogical landscape, embodying the faculty’s ethos with integrity and cultural awareness, thus contributing significantly to the state’s advancement.
Forgotten Country
Authors: Jan Janaan
Published: June 2024

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Navigating the Pandemic: Exploring Mental Health Impacts and Communication Patterns in Jordan During COVID-19
Authors: Al-Madi Bader Seetan , Ghanem Mina Hatem
Published: June 2024

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the psychological, social, and economic effects of COVID-19 on Jordanians, explicitly focusing on mental health and communication skills. Methods: A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing an online questionnaire to gather data from 705 participants across Jordan. The questionnaire covered various aspects, including mental health indicators and communication behaviors during the pandemic. Results: Analysis revealed significant levels of depression and anxiety symptoms among respondents, with variations based on gender and age. Communication patterns were also impacted, with increased reliance on social media and online platforms for information and interaction. Conclusions: The findings highlight the profound impact of COVID-19 on mental health and communication in Jordan. Urgent attention is needed to address the mental health needs of the population, particularly vulnerable groups. Efforts to promote awareness and provide support through online channels are crucial in mitigating the adverse effects of the pandemic on mental well-being.
FRENCH WOMEN IN POLITICS: WRITING POWER
Authors: Ramsay Raylene L.
Published: June 2024

Although more women in France have entered political life than ever before, the fact remains that there are fewer women representatives in the French parliament than there were after the Second World War. In a new and original approach, the author presents an overview and analysis of the emerging body of text by or on women who have held high political office in France. The argument is that writing about women and politics has not just described or reflected women's slow but now substantial entry into political life; it has played a major part in shaping the parity debate and its outcomes. Interviews with political women, such as Huguette Bouchardeau, Simone Veil or Edith Cresson, inserted in the text, demonstrate the emergence and circulation of a new common discourse focused on the issue of whether women in politics make or should make a difference. A close reading of the various texts examined in this book and their connection to new public counter-discourses in France suggest that a re-writing of power is indeed occurring.
REMEMBERING AND FORGETTING NAZISM
Authors: Utgaard Peter
Published: June 2024

The Myth of Austrian victimization at the hands of both Nazi Germany and the Allies became the unifying theme of Austrian official memory and a key component of national identity as a new Austria emerged from the ruins. In the 1980s, Austria's myth of victimization came under intense scrutiny in the wake of the Waldheim scandal that marked the beginning of its erosion. The fiftieth anniversary of the Anschluß in 1988 accelerated this process and resulted in a collective shift away from the victim myth. Important themes examined include the rebirth of Austria, the Anschluß, the war and the Holocaust, the Austrian resistance, and the Allied occupation. The fragmentation of Austrian official memory since the late 1980s coincided with the dismantling of the Conservative and Social Democratic coalition, which had defined Austrian politics in the postwar period. Through the eyes of the Austrian school system, this book examines how postwar Austria came to terms with the Second World War.
THE DOMAIN OF CONSTANT EXCESS
Authors: Bastin Rohan
Published: June 2024

The Sri Lankan ethnic conflict that has occurred largely between Sinhala Buddhists and Tamil Hindus is marked by a degree of religious tolerance that sees both communities worshiping together. This study describes one important site of such worship, the ancient Hindu temple complex of Munnesvaram. Standing adjacent to one of Sri Lanka's historical western ports, the fortunes of the Munnesvaram temples have waxed and waned through the years of turbulence, violence and social change that have been the country's lot since the advent of European colonialism in the Indian Ocean. Bastin recounts the story of these temples and analyses how the Hindu temple is reproduced as a center of worship amidst conflict and competition.
RESISTANCE IN AN AMAZONIAN COMMUNITY
Authors: Ziegler-Otero Larry
Published: June 2024

Like many other indigenous groups, the Huaorani of eastern Ecuador are facing many challenges as they attempt to confront the globalization of capitalism in the 21st century. In 1991, they formed a political organization as a direct response to the growing threat to Huaorani territory posed by oil exploitation, colonization, and other pressures. The author explores the structures and practices of the organization, as well as the contradictions created by the imposition of an alien and hierarchical organizational form on a traditionally egalitarian society. This study has broad implications for those who work toward "cultural survival" or try to "save the rainforest."
THE POPULIST CHALLENGE
Authors: Rydgren Jens
Published: June 2024

During the last decade and a half a new political party family, the extreme Right-wing populist (ERP) parties, has established itself in a variety of West European democracies. These parties represent a monist politics based on ethnic nationalism and xenophobia as well as an opposition against the 'political establishment'. Being the prototypic ERP party, the French Front National (FN) has been a model for ERP parties emerging elsewhere in Western Europe. This study presents a theoretically based explanation that combines the macro and the micro-level, as well as the political supply and the demand-side. More specifically, this study shows that it is necessary to consider both opportunity structures, created by demand and supply-side factors, as well as the ability of the FN to take advantage of the available opportunities. Of particular interest is the author's analysis of the sociology and attitudes of the FN-voters.
THE INVERTED MIRROR
Authors: Nolan Michael E.
Published: June 2024

It is hard to imagine nowadays that, for many years, France and Germany considered each other as "arch enemies." And yet, for well over a century, these two countries waged verbal and ultimately violent wars against each other. This study explores a particularly virulent phase during which each of these two nations projected certain assumptions about national character onto the other - distorted images, motivated by antipathy, fear, and envy, which contributed to the growing hostility between the two countries in the years before the First World War. Most remarkably, as the author discovered, the qualities each country ascribed to its chief adversary appeared to be exaggerated or negative versions of precisely those qualities that it perceived to be lacking or inadequate in itself. Moreover, banishing undesirable traits and projecting them onto another people was also an essential step in the consolidation of national identity. As such, it established a pattern that has become all too familiar to students of nationalism and xenophobia in recent decades. This study shows that antagonism between states is not a fact of nature but socially constructed.
DOCUMENTING TRANSNATIONAL MIGRATION
Authors: Antoun Richard
Published: June 2024

Most studies on transnational migration either stress assimilation, circulatory migration, or the negative impact of migration. This remarkable study, which covers migrants from one Jordanian village to 17 different countries in Europe, Asia, and North America, emphasizes the resiliency of transnational migrants after long periods of absence, social encapsulation, and stress, and their ability to construct social networks and reinterpret traditions in such a way as to mix the old and the new in a scenario that incorporates both worlds. Focusing on the humanistic aspects of the migration experience, this book examines questions such as birth control, women’s work, retention of tribal law, and the changing attitudes of migrants towards themselves, their families, their home communities, and their nation. It ends with placing transnational migration from Jordan in a cross-cultural perspective by comparing it with similar processes elsewhere, and critically reviews a number of theoretical perspectives that have been used to explain migration.
TRANSNATIONAL NOMADS
Authors: Horst Cindy
Published: June 2024

There is a tendency to consider all refugees as 'vulnerable victims': an attitude reinforced by the stream of images depicting refugees living in abject conditions. This groundbreaking study of Somalis in a Kenyan refugee camp reveals the inadequacy of such assumptions by describing the rich personal and social histories that refugees bring with them to the camps. The author focuses on the ways in which Somalis are able to adapt their 'nomadic' heritage in order to cope with camp life; a heritage that includes a high degree of mobility and strong social networks that reach beyond the confines of the camp as far as the U.S. and Europe.
MEDIA AND NATION BUILDING
Authors: Postill John
Published: June 2024

With the end of the Cold War and the proliferation of civil wars and "regime changes," the question of nation building has acquired great practical and theoretical urgency. From Eastern Europe to East Timor, Afghanistan and recently Iraq, the United States and its allies have often been accused of shirking their nation-building responsibilities as their attention — and that of the media -- turned to yet another regional crisis. While much has been written about the growing influence of television and the Internet on modern warfare, little is known about the relationship between media and nation building. This book explores, for the first time, this relationship by means of a paradigmatic case of successful nation building: Malaysia. Based on extended fieldwork and historical research, the author follows the diffusion, adoption, and social uses of media among the Iban of Sarawak, in Malaysian Borneo and demonstrates the wide-ranging process of nation building that has accompanied the Iban adoption of radio, clocks, print media, and television. In less than four decades, Iban longhouses ('villages under one roof') have become media organizations shaped by the official ideology of Malaysia, a country hastily formed in 1963 by conjoining four disparate territories.
THE BOURGEOIS REVOLUTION IN FRANCE 1789-1815
Authors: Heller Henry
Published: June 2024

In the last generation the classic Marxist interpretation of the French Revolution has been challenged by the so-called revisionist school. The Marxist view that the Revolution was a bourgeois and capitalist revolution has been questioned by Anglo-Saxon revisionists like Alfred Cobban and William Doyle as well as a French school of criticism headed by François Furet. Today revisionism is the dominant interpretation of the Revolution both in the academic world and among the educated public. Against this conception, this book reasserts the view that the Revolution - the capital event of the modern age - was indeed a capitalist and bourgeois revolution. Based on an analysis of the latest historical scholarship as well as on knowledge of Marxist theories of the transition from feudalism to capitalism, the work confutes the main arguments and contentions of the revisionist school while laying out a narrative of the causes and unfolding of the Revolution from the eighteenth century to the Napoleonic Age.
Dualizm zatrudnienia w instytutach naukowych a ograniczenia wynikające z ustawy o wynagradzaniu osób kierujących niektórymi podmiotami prawnymi
Authors: Jędrzejczyk Michał Szczepan
Published: June 2024

Ustawa z dnia 3 marca 2000 r. o wynagradzaniu osób kierujących niektórymi podmiotami prawnymi, zwana także ustawą kominową, od początku jej uchwalenia stwarza problemy interpretacyjne związane z prawidłowym jej stosowaniem. W sposób szczególny powyższe trudności mogą dotyczyć osób, które pełnią funkcję dyrektorów lub ich zastępców w instytutach naukowych, w stosunku do których występować może tzw. dualizm zatrudnienia polegający na świadczeniu pracy związanej z zarządzaniem instytutem naukowym oraz z prowadzoną w ramach instytutu działalnością naukową. Artykuł stanowi próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy ograniczeniom wynikającym z ustawy o wynagradzaniu podlegają wyłącznie te składniki wynagrodzenia, które są bezpośrednio związane z wykonywaniem świadczenia pracy polegającej na kierowaniu jednostkami organizacyjnymi, w tym w szczególności instytutami naukowymi, czy również świadczenia wypłacane w ramach pracy naukowej.
KIRDA SIRA DIŞI BİR YAPI: BAKSI MÜZESİ
Authors: Faiz Büyükçam Serap , Eyüboğlu Hande
Published: June 2024

Mimarlıkta bir temsiliyet örneği olarak kaleme alınan bu yazı Baksı Müzesi’nin yerel mimari doku ve işlev pratiklerine dair bir okumadır. Yerleşme ve toplum gelişimi, konuma göre bir takım yerel etkenlerle şekillenir. Yerel olma durumu, bir yerleşmenin oluşum süreci, üretim biçim ve ilişkileri ile coğrafyanın imkanları gibi bir çok özgün parametre ile şekillenmektedir. Baksı Müzesi yer aldığı fiziki bağlamdan hareketle tanıdık öğelerin bir araya gelmesi ile kuruludur. Müze sadece estetik nitelikleri önceleyen bir obje-yapı anlayışından ziyade yer ile farklı düzeylerde ilişkiyi ön planda tutan bir yaklaşım ile varlık bulur. Bu çalışmada, kendini sıra dışı olarak tanımlayan Baksı Müzesi’nin, sıra dışı oluşuna koşut sıradan oluşunu tartışmaya açmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu ikilik üzerine temellenen metinde amaç, yapının sıra dışı oluşunu ve yer ile kurduğu çeşitli ilişkilerle sıradanlaşma çabasını ortaya koymaktır. Kırdaki bu mağrur yapı, hem mimari ürün bağlamında hem de sosyal çevre pratikleri aracılığıyla kurduğu mütevazi ilişki/lerle tartışmaya değerdir. Durum analizi üzerine kurgulanan bu çalışmaya ilişkin veriler, sahadaki gözlemlerin yanı sıra basılı ve elektronik kaynaklardan temin edilerek tartışmanın odağına alınmıştır.
ARAP YARIMADASI’NIN GÜNEYİNDE BİR HÂKİMİYET MÜCADELESİ: 1934 HİCAZ-YEMEN HARBİ
Authors: Bostancı Mustafa
Published: June 2024

Birinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası Arabistan’daki durum oldukça büyük değişikliklere uğramış, İbn-i Suud, neredeyse bütün Yarımadayı kontrol ederek Arabistan’ın en baskın kişisi olmuştu. İmam Yahya ise Yemen’de nüfuz ve kudretini tamamen kabul ettirmiş, yalnız Asir Emirliği, Suudi egemenliğini kabul etmek durumunda kalmıştı. Bu önemli emirlik üzerinde İbn-i Suud ile İmam Yahya sahiplik hakkı iddiasında bulunduklarından iki devlet arasında ciddi bir anlaşmazlık çıkmıştır. Asir Emiri Hasan İdrisi, 1933 yılında bağlı bulunduğu İbn-i Suud’a isyan etmiş, üzerine kuvvet gönderilince de İmam Yahya’ya sığınmıştı. Emir’i İbn-i Suud’a teslim etmeyen İmam, İbn-i Suud’a bağlı bulunan Necran vadisini de işgal etmişti. Meselenin halli hususunda yapılan müzakereler sonuç vermeyince İbn-i Suud, anlaşmazlığı çözmek için askeri harekâta başlamıştır. Bir aylık bir askeri harekât İbn-i Suud’un zaferiyle sonuçlanmış ve iki taraf arasında Taif Antlaşması imzalanmıştır. İngiliz ve Osmanlı arşiv belgeleri yanında Arap kaynakları ve basın malzemesinin de kullanıldığı bu çalışmada Hicaz ile Yemen arasındaki anlaşmazlığın sebepleri ve sonuçları ile Türkiye’deki yansımaları aydınlatılmaya ve değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır.
6. YÜZYIL BİZANS-SASANİ SAVAŞLARINA ALAN ve HUN SAVAŞÇILARININ KATILIMI: LAZİKA SAVAŞI (541-562) ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Aksoy Hasan
Published: June 2024

Geç Antik Çağ’da Kafkasya coğrafyası, Bizans ve Sasani imparatorluklarının arasında bir savaş alanına dönüşmüştür. 6. yy’da iki büyük imparatorluk arasındaki gerginlik, iç sorunlarını aşmalarının ardından dışa yönelik politikalar izlemeleriyle birlikte zirveye ulaşmıştır. Bizanslılar ve Sasaniler, Kafkas bölgesel güçleri üzerinde hâkimiyet kurmak istemişlerdir. Bu istekleri, 21 yıl sürecek olan Lazika Savaşı’na (541-562) neden olmuştur. Lazika Savaşı siyasi, askeri, diplomatik ve sosyal açıdan araştırılması gereken bir konudur. Kafkasya coğrafyasındaki sosyo-politik koşullar ve diğer faktörler doğrultusunda, dinamik yapıdaki savaşçı karakterleriyle ön plana çıkan Alan ve Hun savaşçıları, iki imparatorluk ordusu içerisinde aktif olarak mücadeleye katılmışlardır. Bu çalışmada, Alan ve Hun savaşçılarının özelliklerine değinerek Lazika Savaşı’nda nasıl bir rol oynadıkları, Bizans ve Sasani’nin bölgedeki yerel güçlerle ittifak kurma çabaları, Alan ve Hun savaşçılarının Bizans ve Sasani askeri sistemlerinde nasıl izler bıraktıkları kaynaklar doğrultusunda değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır.
EVALUATION OF USER-BUILDING INTERACTION IN REFUNCTIONED TRADITIONAL HOUSES THROUGH ONLINE COMMENTS: TRABZON ORTAMAHALLE EXAMPLE
Authors: Bekar İrem , Cürgül Tolga
Published: June 2024

It is the common duty of all societies to protect and ensure the sustainability of traditional houses, which act as a bridge between the past, present and future, and to pass them on to future generations. At this point, reuse is one of the most effective ways to keep traditional houses alive, just like all other historical buildings. Nowadays, new functions are given to traditional houses, but the user satisfaction resulting from the usage process and interaction with the user is not monitored.
Within the scope of the study, it is aimed to evaluate the interaction of traditional houses with the user after refunctioning, through online comments made for the traditional houses (Mehmet Efendi Mansion and Timurciler Mansion) in Trabzon Ortamahalle, which were expropriated and opened for use with new functions. For this purpose, the study was structured in five stages. The first stage is to conduct literature research on the subject, the second stage is to visit the study area and obtain spatial and visual data, the third stage is to obtain online comments via Google Maps, and the fourth stage is to conduct content analysis of the comments obtained through the Maxqda program. The fifth stage is the grouping of frequently used words and the comparison of Timurciler Mansion and Mehmet Efendi Mansion.
As a result of the study, the place of online comments in defining the structure in the interaction of traditional houses with the user after re-functioning, user satisfaction and similar-differentiating aspects of traditional houses used for different functions in terms of users were revealed. In this way, it is thought that improvements can be made at the missing points in line with the usage satisfaction level of the building and contribute to the sustainable use of the building.