bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flare Pollution Loads and Carbon-Dioxide Effect on Rainwater Acidity in Niger-Delta: A Review, Investigation and Model for Safe Living Quarter
Authors: Amadi Ugwunna D. , Enyi Godpower C.
Published: August 2024

Carbon-dioxide does not only affect climate change, but also contribute tremendously in acidification of rain water. Hazard identification and risk assessment are fundamental components of effective risk management, specifically in sensitive areas where adverse effects can have significant consequences. This study provides novel methodology for environmental and safety assessment of flared gases in sensitive areas such as residential homes. Distancing Sampling Technique (DST) was used to investigate the sensitivity of rain water pH at distances away from flare site in order to develop a Risk Management Model for sensitive regions. First, a review on rain water acidity was made around flaring and non-flaring areas in Niger-Delta states, which revealed Moderate-High acidity effect around flaring zones and no effect on non-flaring zone. Secondly, Flared Gas Quantification, pH Experimental Evaluation (PEE) and Risk Assessment Matrix (RAM) were the three systematic approaches used respectively to quantify, measure and evaluate the effects of CO2 and other flare pollutants around the area of study. An average of 809,300,000 Mscf of associated petroleum gases were flared around the oil and gas producing areas in Delta State, causing a release of around 43x106 tons of CO2 from 2012-2022. Experimental results showed the range of pH from 4.56 ± 0.06 to 5.10 ± 0.06 for the 33 samples of harvested rainwater in Kwale community, Delta state causing a deviation of 16.38 to 30.05% from standard. The developed and validated model suggests 4.81KM radius as the safe distance for human habitation from flare sites. Based on these findings, carbon-capture and sequestration projects must be activated in Niger-Delta to curb the menace.
Contesting Subjectivity: A Posthuman Perspective in Margaret Atwood’s The Year of The Flood
Authors: Kumar Anil
Published: August 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the anthropocentric position in which human being assumed itself as the forerunner of the civilization and to rest, whether it is nature or any form of life, he believed, as a subject of domination. Feminist school of criticism according to Black feminist Kimberlé W. Crenshaw identifies patriarchy as one of these structures which dehumanizes females on the basis of Intersectionality. The intersectional positions, according to her, divide human beings from one another based on their identity of colour, gender, religion and so on. In this context, the paper studies Margaret Atwood’s representation of intersectional positions in the novel, The Year of the Flood(2009) where she categorically prompts on the issue of gender politics on one part and on the other she hints upon decoding the politics of subjective identity through the genetically modified Crakers who appears to be giving the reflection of what Donna Haraway calls as ‘cyborg’. The Crakers, in the novel, are genetically modified humanoids that indicate human beings as a reflection of engineered machines which gets swiped away by pandemic called “waterless Flood”. The paper demystifies idea of identity politics through the concept of ‘cyborg myth’. Cyborg myth according to Donna Haraway, terms human as evolutionary form in which, “We are all chimeras, theorized and fabricated hybrids of machine and organism; in short, we are cyborgs” (“A Cyborg Manifesto” 150). In order to highlight the uncanny politics of identity she takes charge to redefine the social functioning of human beings through the scientific progress in which the construction and reconstruction of human identity is played out.
Estimativo de la prueba Saber 11. Revisión de cambio estructural entre 2014-2022 en la Institución Educativa General Santander
Authors: Díaz Pinzón Jorge Enrique
Published: August 2024

Las evaluaciones estandarizadas como la prueba Saber 11o desempeñan un papel crucial en la toma de decisiones, tanto individuales como institucionales, en el ámbito educativo. En respuesta a los constantes cambios en los modelos pedagógicos, estas pruebas se adaptan para abarcar un rango más amplio de habilidades cognitivas y reflejar las diversas capacidades de los estudiantes. Objetivo: este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el cambio estructural en el desempeño de la prueba Saber 11o en el período 2014-2022, centrándose en el año 2016 como punto de inflexión potencial en la Institución Educativa General Santander del municipio de Soacha, Cundinamarca. Metodología: se empleó la prueba de Chow, una herramienta estadística que evalúa si los coeficientes en dos regresiones lineales aplicadas a dos conjuntos de datos son equivalentes. Resultados: el análisis reveló que las áreas de lectura crítica e inglés experimentaron un cambio estructural significativo en el año 2016. Por otro lado, matemáticas, sociales y competencias ciudadanas, y ciencias naturales no presentaron cambios estructurales en el mismo período. Conclusiones: el desempeño en la prueba Saber 11o evidenció una mejora entre 2014 y 2016, seguido de un estancamiento e incluso un retroceso en los años posteriores. Se anticipa un leve repunte en 2022, aunque aún lejos de los niveles alcanzados en 2016. Se estima que se requerirán al menos cinco años más para recuperar el rendimiento de ese año.
A Comparative Analysis of the Spanish Flu and COVID-19 Pandemics: Economic Impacts and Sentiment Analysis through Historical Data and First-Person Accounts
Authors: Lau Ethan
Published: August 2024

Abstract: This study presents an advanced methodological framework for analyzing the economic impacts of pandemics by integrating sentiment analysis with both historical and contemporary economic data. We utilize a comprehensive dataset of firstperson narratives from the 1918-1919 Spanish Flu pandemic, applying Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to perform sentiment extraction and temporal sentiment analysis. This qualitative data is paired with quantitative economic indicators from the COVID-19 pandemic era (2014-2024), including Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth, Consumer Confidence Indices (CCI), inflation rates, and unemployment metrics. Our approach employs sophisticated statistical methods such as vector autoregression (VAR) and structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze and predict the economic impacts of the Spanish Flu based on contemporary data trends. Using machine learning algorithms, including random forests and gradient boosting machines, we extrapolate economic indicators such as real GDP, wage changes, and trade balances, creating a robust econometric model to compare and contrast the effects of the two pandemics. This integrated analysis combines advanced econometric techniques with sentiment quantification to offer new insights into the economic repercussions of pandemics. By merging historical sentiment data with modern economic metrics, our study provides a comprehensive framework for understanding pandemic-induced economic shifts and informs policy development with empirical evidence on resilience and economic recovery strategies.
A Conceptual Study on Usage of Cloth and Glass package for the Reduced Plastic Footprint Which Arises due to Impulsive Buying in E-Commerce Platforms
Authors: Brindha S. , Agiladevy S.
Published: August 2024

Abstract: E-commerce platforms have proliferated, revolutionising consumer purchasing behaviour and enabling more convenient shopping from any location at any time. But because of its ease, there has been a marked increase in impulsive purchases, which has greatly increased the amount of plastic waste. This study investigates the relationship between the rise in plastic waste that occurs from impulsive purcphasing on e-commerce platforms. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the negative environmental effects of the current e-commerce ecosystem and offer viable solutions to reduce plastic waste by examining consumer behaviour, packaging standards, and waste management concerns. The relationship between impulsive purchasing on e-commerce platforms and the rise in plastic waste is examined in this qualitative study. The study attempts to determine the reasons behind through in-depth interviews and thematic analysis
Does power predict emotional abuse in adolescent romantic relationships?
Authors: Qolbunnisa Ghina , Anggarani Fadjri Kirana
Published: August 2024

The aim of the current study is to explore the association between power perception and emotional abuse, with power satisfaction as a mediating factor, and to determine the prevalence of reciprocal emotional abuse within adolescent romantic relationships. The sample consisted of 184 (15-18 years) in romantic relationships for at least six months and were students at SMAS A, SMKN B, and SMAN C, selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using the Multidimensional Measure of Emotional Abuse Scale and Power Perception and Power Satisfaction Scale. The scale reliability indicates good results, α ≥ 0.8 for MMEA dimensions and α > 0.66 for Power scale. Data were analyzed using the causal step method. The analysis results show that power perception, mediated by power satisfaction, does not significantly affect emotional abuse in adolescents (p > 0.05). In adolescents, the power perception tends to be the same, and they generally experience high power satisfaction. The research also shows that emotional abuse between adolescents with romantic relationships occurs reciprocally (p < 0.01; r > 0.194). The research results are expected to contribute to future studies and the design or development of interventions aimed at preventing emotional abuse in adolescent relationships.
Neuroscientific importance and educational suggestions for selecting visual materials according to learner type in the science teaching and learning process: Focusing on the “Earth and Universe” Units
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Kwon Suk-Won , Han Shin
Published: August 2024

Objectives The purpose of this study is to confirm the neuroscientific importance and educational significance of selecting visual materials according to learner type in the science teaching and learning process, focusing on elementary school science and the “Earth and Universe” Units.
Methods For this purpose, a visual data task was developed, three groups of gifted, general, and special education children (total of 29 children, 12.1 ± 0.3 years old) were selected, and measurement and analysis of the multimodal system of MEG and EEG were performed.
Results As a result of TANOVA analysis, statistically significant differences were observed in the P100 component depending on the type of learner. This is neuroscientific confirmation that there are differences in perceiving and recognizing visual materials depending on the type of learner. This indicates that, depending on the learner's level of development or understanding, the individual processing process of simple visual materials can be very different neuroscientifically.
Conclusions This mean that if a teacher presents visual materials in a planned manner according to the type of learner, they may contribute to the subsequent knowledge creation process, but if not, the visual materials may become meaningless to the learners. This study is significant in that it provides a neuroscientific basis for the selection and presentation of visual materials used in school settings.
How A Nation Supports School-Led Curriculum Innovation: Implications for Supporting Implementation of The Revised National Curriculum 2022 through Examining The Case of Singapore
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Lee Joo Youn , Ro Jina
Published: August 2024

Objectives To derive implications for supporting implementation of the Revised National Curriculum 2022, this study examines how Singapore supports national curriculum implementation and innovation in schools based on the recognition that school-led curriculum innovation is critical for achieving the vision of the new curriculum.
Methods We analyzed relevant literature and websites regarding curriculum implementation in Singapore and had consultation with local experts for validating the analysis.
Results According to the analysis, it is found that Singapore puts great emphasis on enhancing teachers' professionalism so that they can lead curriculum innovation in schools. First, individual teachers are promoted to take professional development according to their needs and with the support from school leaders. Second, various professional learning teams in schools initiate inquiry projects for curriculum innovation. Third, school leaders are considered the key for realizing school-level curriculum innovation, so there is much emphasis and support on cultivating their curriculum leadership. Finally, every school runs a quality assessment on their curriculum implementation based on the School Excellence Model.
Conclusions From the findings, this study suggests that to support school-led curriculum innovation as promoted by the new national curriculum, it is essential to offer customized professional development according to individual teachers' needs and their school contexts; support various types of professional learning communities; improve school leaders' curriculum leadership; develop an autonomous school-based quality management system; and promote cooperation among key institutions to support curriculum implementation in diverse schools.
Analysis of the effectiveness of lectures applying innovative teaching methods based on university core competencies
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Ji DukYoung , Kim Nam-Il
Published: August 2024

Objectives This study sought to investigate the effectiveness of lectures applying core competency-based innovative teaching methods in higher education by analyzing the results of lecture evaluations by students.
Methods For this purpose, we collected and analyzed the course evaluation results of 25 courses in which innovative teaching methods were applied among the 2022 courses offered at universities in Chungcheongbuk-do. We compared courses in which innovative teaching methods were applied to courses in which innovative teaching methods were not applied in the same semester by the same professors, and the school's premise lecture evaluation results were compared with mean and standard deviation, and an independent samples t-test was conducted to determine the average between groups according to whether or not innovative teaching methods were applied. The difference was analyzed.
Results The lecture evaluation of subjects using innovative teaching methods was relatively high in all areas of input, process, output, and situation. In the input area, compliance with the lecture period and time, in the process area, sufficient understanding and delivery of lecture content, in the output area, overall lecture satisfaction, and in the situation area, the expression and explanation behavior questions showed high lecture evaluation scores.
Conclusions It was suggested that innovative teaching methods should be expanded and applied in higher education in order to develop competency-centered teaching methods, and that direct teaching support such as content production and subject consulting as well as a general understanding of innovative teaching methods are needed to establish innovative teaching methods in higher education.
Molecular Identification of Fusarium Species Associated with the Tissue Culture Date Palm Offshoots Wilt Disease and Evaluation of Using Silver Nanoparticles and Trichoderma longibrachiatum for Its Control
Authors:   Plant Protection Department, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Iraq, Fayyadh Mohammed Amer , Manea Alaa Aude ,   Plant Protection Department, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Iraq, Salih Yahya Ashour ,   Plant Protection Department, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Iraq
Published: August 2024

Fayyadh, M.A., A.O. Manea and Y.A. Salih. 2024. Molecular Identification of Fusarium Species Associated with the Tissue Culture Date Palm Offshoots Wilt Disease and Evaluation of Using Silver Nanoparticles and Trichoderma longibrachiatum for Its Control. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 42(2): 189-195. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-001225 This study was conducted during the period 2019-2021 with the aim of isolating and identifying the fungi associated with the tissue culture date palm offshoots wilt disease planted in permanent orchards. Molecular identification of Fusarium isolates based on amplification and nucleotide sequencing of the ITS1-ITS4 gene region showed that isolate F1 and F7 were identical to F. proliferatum with a similarity level of 100 and 98%, respectively; isolates F3 and F4 were identical to F. fujikuroi with a similarity level of 99.8 and 100%, respectively. As for isolate F6, it was 94.8% similar with F. solani. The sequences of the identified isolates were deposited in the US National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) under the numbers OM535259.1, OM535261.1, OM535264.1, OM535265.1 and OM535266.1, respectively. The results also showed that silver nanoparticles inhibited the growth of all tested fungi, and the inhibition rate range was 50- 70%. On the other hand, the bio-control fungus T. longibrachiatum caused growth inhibition of all tested fungi with an inhibition rate of more than 80%. Keywords: Date palm, wilt, molecular identification, nanosiliver particles
Toxicity of Zingiber officinale Nanoparticles Against the Spiny Bollworm, Earias insulana and Their Effects on Some Biological and Histological Aspects
Authors:   Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt., El-Shennawy Rania M.
Published: August 2024

El-Shennawy, R.M. 2024. Toxicity of Zingiber officinale Nanoparticles Against the Spiny Bollworm, Earias insulana and Their Effects on Some Biological and Histological Aspects. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 42(2): 202-207. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-001237 The toxicity of Ginger extract nano-sized particles (Ginger AgNPs) against the spiny bollworm (Earias insulana) larvae, and its adverse effects on some biological and histological aspects were studied under controlled conditions of 26±1°C and 75±5% RH. LC50 treatment of newly hatched larvae produced larval and pupal mortality rates of 60.00 and 47.06%, respectively, compared to the control treatment (6.33 and 2.00%). Treatment resulted in significant larval and pupal deformity rates (11.00 and 13.51%, respectively) compared to the control (1 and 3%). Ginger AgNPs greatly reduced the adult emergence rate (52.94 %) with a high rate of malformation (11.11%) compared to 89.0 and 0.0 % for the control, respectively. Treatment sharply affected females’ fecundity (69.67%) with an acute decrease in oviposition periods and hatchability rate (66.67%) in comparison to the untreated control. The LC50 of Ginger AgNPs resulted in different histological alternations in the cuticle and midgut compared to the normal structure of the control. Keywords: Ginger, nanoparticles, spiny bollworm, biological changes, histological changes.
Uso y evolución del sexado espermático en bovinos. Revisión
Authors: Álvarez Gallardo Horacio , Urbán Duarte David , Velázquez Roque Adriana , De La Torre Sánchez José Fernando
Published: August 2024

Desde el inicio comercial del sexado espermático en la inseminación artificial, la adopción de esta tecnología por la industria ganadera (productores, médicos veterinarios y compañías de genética) ha sido una realidad en la producción bovina, principalmente en ganado lechero. La presente revisión, es una descripción de los inicios del sexado espermático, su desarrollo, aplicación a nivel comercial, y evolución hasta la actualidad. Los eventos más significativos fueron sin lugar a dudas la determinación de la diferencia en el contenido de DNA entre los espermatozoides portadores del cromosoma “Y” o “X”, el flujo de estos en el citómetro, y su separación en los así llamados espermatozoides “Y” y “X”. Los siguientes logros que favorecieron la aplicación de esta tecnología de forma comercial fueron la determinación de la concentración óptima y la criopreservación exitosa del semen sexado; desde entonces, las investigaciones para tratar de disminuir los efectos deletéreos del proceso de sexado no se detuvieron, llegando hasta el surgimiento de nuevas tecnologías de sexado espermático donde este efecto es mínimo. La técnica más ampliamente difundida de forma comercial es el ultrasexado de 4 millones de espermatozoides (SexedULTRA-4M™), en la cual se modificaron completamente el método, los medios y los citómetros, con lo que esta tecnología tiene resultados muy similares a los obtenidos con semen no sexado (semen convencional). Existe otra tecnología de sexado espermático llamada Sexcell™ que se oferta de forma comercial, en la cual han obtenido resultados similares a los obtenidos con semen convencional, pero solo en vaquillas. Con estos avances, el sexado espermático se muestra como una tecnología en constante desarrollo y de alto impacto en la ganadería bovina.
Direito à saúde mental: teoria e constitucionalidade
Authors: Martins Laércio Melo
Published: August 2024

As perspectivas jusfilosóficas do pensamento de Espinosa e Maurice Merleau-Ponty permitem afirmar a presença de uma ética do cuidado destinada aos sujeitos em sofrimento mental. Nesse sentido, a vulnerabilidade existencial, enquanto condição humana, e a interdependência são elementos fundamentais para releitura do contrato social. Assim, a prática do cuidado é marcada pelo processo de acompanhamento singular do corpo-sujeito, enquanto parte da experiência da comunidade política e da realidade psicossocial. Portanto, a partir da revisão das dimensões jurídico-política e sociocultural da Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira, da investigação da previsão constitucional do direito à saúde mental e considerando as contribuições teóricas sobre cuidado, vulnerabilidade, interdependência e atenção intersubjetiva para o campo das discussões da Luta Antimanicomial, é possível propor uma ruptura com a estrutura hospitalocêntrica, à luz da interseccionalidade (gênero, raça e classe) e pensarmos na construção de uma democracia antimanicomial.
A CONSTRUÇÃO DE SENTIDOS EM UMA MENSAGEM MENTIROSA: UMA ABORDAGEM À LUZ DA SEMIÓTICA DISCURSIVA
Authors: Miranda Rafaela Oppermann , Crestani Luciana Maria
Published: August 2024

Neste trabalho, com o intuito de colocar em discussão mecanismos que produzem efeitos de verdade e de falsidade nos textos, analisamos uma mensagem mentirosa divulgada em redes sociais em 2023. Constituem nossos objetivos específicos explicitar o que o texto diz e para que o faz, explicar os principais mecanismos mobilizados em sua construção e os efeitos de sentido que projetam, além de apontar encaminhamentos didáticos para uma análise semiótica do texto na escola. O aporte teórico-metodológico se dá com base na Semiótica Discursiva, principalmente em trabalhos de Barros (2005, 2020), Fiorin (2004, 2022) e Gomes (2019). Centramo-nos no nível discursivo do texto, enfocando a projeção da enunciação no enunciado por meio do mecanismo da debreagem e seus efeitos de sentido, bem como o recurso da ancoragem e o efeito derivado. Verificamos a alternância de discursos em primeira e em terceira pessoa, que projetam efeitos de sentido de subjetividade e objetividade, contribuintes ao estabelecimento de confiança entre os participantes da enunciação. Constatamos que o efeito de realidade resulta da ancoragem realizada mediante a figurativização de atores, datas e lugares. Concluímos que o estudo de mecanismos de construção de textos mentirosos pode ajudar a desmascarar esse tipo de texto.
DESENVOLVIMENTO ORGANIZACIONAL E A COCRIAÇÃO DE VALOR NO CONTEXTO DO ENSINO SOB À ÓTICA DO DESENVOLVIMENTO REGIONAL
Authors: Da Silva Maicon
Published: August 2024

Este estudo buscou analisar o papel das organizações de ensino nos seus processos de desenvolvimento organizacional e da cocriação de valor sob a ótica do Desenvolvimento Regional. Da mesma forma, este artigo se baseou na pesquisa bibliográfica tendo uma abordagem qualitativa/descritiva/exploratória, em que buscou apresentar os dados da pesquisa. A partir dessa análise evidencia-se que o desenvolvimento organizacional permite que uma organização esteja constantemente adaptada às mudanças do mercado. Já, a cocriação de valor procura definir diferentes métodos de inovação existentes nos processos organizacionais. No contexto do ensino a cocriação de valor por meio de uma relação de troca se mostra uma fonte à geração de valores educacionais no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Por fim, tem-se o papel das organizações sob ótica do desenvolvimento regional, nas quais os processos de inovação têm papel relevante no desenvolvimento econômico, pois tem repercutido discursos de mudanças organizações ocorridas ao longo dos anos pela formatação das organizações de ensino.
APRENDIZAGEM ENTRE PARES: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA NO CURSO TÉCNICO SUBSEQUENTE EM AGROPECUÁRIA
Authors: Do Nascimento Lima Andreia
Published: August 2024

A aprendizagem entre pares (ou times), também conhecida como peer instruction ou team based learning, é uma metodologia ativa de ensino que tem como objetivo incentivar o debate e a reflexão em conjunto, sua utilização em sala de aula de cursos técnicos pode permitir a transformação do ensino tradicional em uma aprendizagem interativa, proveitosa, que incentiva o desenvolvimento do senso crítico e da capacidade de argumentação dos alunos. O objetivo proposto neste trabalho é fazer um relato de experiência da utilização em sala de aula da aprendizagem entre pares na disciplina de Economia e Administração Rural II, na turma do curso técnico subsequente em agropecuária do polo Santana do Araguaia-PA do Instituto Federal do Pará, Campus Rural de Marabá. Inicialmente aborda-se sobre o curso técnico em agropecuária subsequente ao ensino médio, em seguida faz-se uma breve contextualização sobre a aprendizagem entre pares, o papel do educador e do educando para o ensino-aprendizagem, posteriormente traz o relato do uso dessa metodologia em sala de aula e sua contribuição para a disciplina. Os resultados dessa experiência apontam que a troca de conhecimento entre os alunos impactou positivamente na interação entre eles, tornando a aula dinâmica, conforme proposto pela docente ao planejar o uso da metodologia ativa.
The Challenge of Territorial Systemic Analysis for Peacebuilding in Colombia
Authors: Cruz Maldonado Jury Natalia
Published: August 2024

This article reflects on the need to structure a systemic analysis of Colombian rural territory as a crucial challenge in the context of implementing public land policies and peacebuilding in Colombia. It examines the conditions for configuring a scenario that articulates the action of institutions and democratic participation in land management, from the perspectives of scientific and technological innovation, based on the following guiding questions: What are the challenges facing the government and civil society in addressing the issue of access to and use of rural land in the process of just and responsible land governance? What is the functionality of three conjuncture public policies for achieving territorial peace: Multipurpose Cadastre, Social Ordering of Rural Property, and the Land Administration System? The analysis uses a qualitative and descriptive approach. It interprets, on the one hand, the experience of professionals specialized in land administration, who provide an account of the use of geospatial technologies in this field, through in-depth interviews. On the other hand, it reviews the evolution of the legal-normative framework and the documentary analysis. The results describe the analytical value that a geospatial ecosystem represents for the contemporary country. This revolutionary tool is crucial for comprehensive knowledge of the territory, which requires effective, participatory, and equitable intervention to strengthen the institutions that manage land and peace towards sustainable development
ADB Economics Working Paper Series 736: Metropolitan Area Delineation and Resilience Under a Public Health Crisis: Evidence from the Philippines
Authors:   University of Lisbon, Jalles João Tovar , Park Donghyun ,   Asian Development Bank, Qureshi Irfan ,   Asian Development Bank
Published: August 2024

This paper delineates and examines the dynamics of metropolitan areas in the Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study identifies several large metropolitan areas not officially recognized, and different spatial extents for the three officially designated metropolitan areas prior to the pandemic. The largest metropolitan areas grew faster than urban areas and the country as a whole. Metropolitan areas contracted or fragmented under strict mobility restrictions but rebounded swiftly as restrictions eased. Proximity, administrative boundaries, accessibility, and labor market complementarity play important roles in metropolitan areas formation.
Steganography Schemes for Data & Information Protection
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos, Nigeria, Sarumi J.A. , Adeyemi D , Longe B-P , Longe O.B , Akintuwa F. , Iwayemi, A.
Published: August 2024

In this digital world of data transmission, information is at the heart of computers, transactions and international economic dealings. In ensuring the security of data and information researchers have come up with different schemes and techniques that can provide protection for data and information during transmission. The protection of sensitive information involves many interdependent policies and technological issues relating to information confidentiality, integrity, authenticity, anonymity, and utility. In this paper, we review literature on steganography protection schemes and highlight several developments that has ensured intellectual property protection over time. Keywords: Watermarking, Steganography, Fingerprinting, Cryptography, Intellectual Properties, Protection, Concealment, Adaptive Image Steganography Journal Reference Format: Sarumi, J.A. &, Adeyemi, D. & Longe, B-P, Longe, O.B., Akintuwa, F & Iwayemi, A. (2021 Steganography Schemes for Data & Information Protection. Journal of Behavioural Informatics, Digital Humanities and Development Research. Vol. 7.No. 2, Pp 200-199. Available online at https://www.isteams.net/behavioralinformaticsjournal. DOI: dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/BHI/V872P5
Bone graft materials and its intended use
Authors: Lee Jeong-Keun
Published: August 2024

bone grafting is indicated in the case of bony defects and is classified into autograft, allograft, and xenograft. Synthetic bone graft is contrasted with these three categories in that it has a different donor source. Autograft is most prominent as it is known as a gold standard of all grafting procedures. Its principles and practices are well established via accumulated informations and clinical experiences, which imposes no regulations or restrictions in its clinical use. On the other hand, other bone graft procedures are under tight control for the safety and effectiveness of each product. Food and Drug Administration of the United States has a system in which the information on the approvals and clearances of bone graft materials on their internet homepage. All the bone graft materials that are under the regulations of the United States are classified into the category of medical devices, which includes allogenic bone, xenogenic bone, and synthetic bone graft materials. Each bone graft material has its own indication and the FDA approvals and clearances of medical devices contain the item of "intended use" to specify the indications of each bone graft materials. US dentists, as users of the specific bone graft materials, are provided with adequate information on the approved materials they are to utilize. As an user of these materials, Korean dentists are less provided with the information on the bone graft materials they want to use. Medical providers of the bone graft materials have to be able to provide their users with the essential information such as the intended use of the regulatory approval. Dentists must also be active in gathering informations on the material of their interest, and the system must be built in which both of the medical providers and users of bone graft materials can be satisfied in providing and getting the information, respectively.
Clinical application of bone graft materials in dental implant
Authors: Ahn Kang-Min
Published: August 2024

Dental implant restoration in partial or full edentulous state has become the standard treatment in recent years. Bone graft with guided bone regeneration technique has been regarded as one of the most reliable methods to restore the bone defect area due to periodontal disease or dental trauma. Bone graft materials and membrane are the essential component of guided bone regeneration; however, a variety of bone graft materials confuse us in implant dentistry. Autogenous bone is the recognized standards in implant dentistry owing to its osteogenesis potential. Despite of its disadvantages, grafting autogenous bone is the most reliable methods. Even though the development of new bone grafts materials, autogenous bone is useful in exposed implant thread and total lack of buccal or lingual bone. Allogenic, xenogenic and synthetic bone have the osteoconductive and osteoinductive potential. These materials could be used successfully in self-contained cavity such as sinus cavity and three-wall defects. In this article, application of bone graft material is suggested according to the function of bone graft materials.
Caries Management by Risk Assessment CAMBRA
Authors: Lee Justin Jae-Cheoun
Published: August 2024

Now it is time to move from the scientific basis of CAMBRA into practical methods for dentists to the incorporate concepts into practice. The aim of this article is to provide a clinical guideline for assessment of caries risk and for application for growing children.
Pit and fissure sealing - Advanced technique
Authors: Lee Sang-Ho
Published: August 2024

This paper reviewed the following subheadings and a few selected references in each section were discussed: cdot Sealant placed over caries; is it possible? Initial caries which is not sticky during proving is possible to be placed with sealants. cdot Prophylaxis of fissure; which method is most effective? Mechanical preparation with fissurotomy or resin polishing bur is one of the most effective method to clean the pit and fissure. cdot Glassionomer cement as a sealant; GIC, wheather it released fluoride or not, cannot be as cost-effective as resin-based sealants. cdot Sealant products; Color(white vs opaque), fluoride(containing vs not), filler component(filled vs non-filled) do not influenced the quality and retention of sealants. cdot Use of intermediate bonding agent to improve retention; Intermediate bonding may increase the retention rate of sealants cdot Penetration method of sealants; Several methods including waiting before light curing are recommended.
Diagnostic Considerations in TMD patients
Authors: Shin Su-Yun
Published: August 2024

Temporomandibular disorders refer to a large group musculoskeletal disorders that originate from the masticatory structures. The AADR recognize that temporomandibular (TMDs) encompass a group of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions that involve the temporomandibular joints (TMJs), the masticatory muscles, and all associated tissues. The signs and symptoms associated with these disorders are diverse, and may include difficulties with chewing, speaking, and other orofacial functions. They also are frequently associated with acute or persistent pain, and the patients often suffer from other painful disorders. The chronic forms of TMD pain may lead to absence from or impairment of work or social interactions, resulting in an overall reduction in the quality of life. However, the consensus of recent scientific literature about currently available technological diagnostic devices for TMDs is that, except for various imaging modalities, none of them shows the sensitivity and specificity required to separate normal subjects from TMD patients or to distinguish among TMD subgroups. This article reviews the various instruments to aid in the diagnosis of TMDs, and the overall validity and practical use of the Electromyography.
Implants in conjunction with removable partial denture
Authors: Kim Seong-Kyun , Yoo Soo-Yeon , Park In-Phil , Lee Joo-Hee
Published: August 2024

The benefits of implant supported overdenture are readily apparent for the fully edentulous patients and have been well documented, however, there is deficiency of the studies regarding the combination of implants with removable partial dentures for partially edentulous patients. The purpose of this article is to review the literature concerning implants with removable partial dentures and evaluate the evidence for this clinical approach. Through many clinical case reports and studies we have searched from a broad variety of journals, we present the six considerations needed to contemplate respecting implants with removable partial denture in partially edentulous patients. First, the connection between abutment tooth and removable partial denture has to be rigid and the link between implant and removable partial denture should be hinged. Second, a mesial rest acts better in the point of force distribution for distal extension removable partial denture and splinting between implants is also a favorable choice. Third, T bar has an advantage for implants which are used as abutments in distal extension removable partial denture. Forth, as we all known functional impression is better way to reproduce movement for distal extension removable partial denture. Fifth, indirect retainer and guiding plane on the proximal surfaces of terminal abutment teeth are important in preventing denture base lifting. Sixth, implants in conjunction with removable partial denture is superior in the esthetic and phonetic as well as cost-effective point of view. We also suggest that which place we should install implants for force distribution and which diameter and length of implants should be used. in this review article, we recommend to locate the implant near of the abutment tooth for esthetics or near of first molar position for good stress distribution. The diameter and length of implant also influence to stress distribution. When we compare to conservative partial denture, patients go for removable partial denture using implants due to convenience, better support and retention according to several studies. But it is true that we need to study more on this subject and collect long term follow up cases before we discuss on it. So it is enough to bring this subject into the surface of prosthetic treatment by this article.
Etiology and Mechanism of Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Lim Hyun-Dae
Published: August 2024

Neuropathic pain is caused by functional abnonnalities of structural lesions in the peripheral or central nervous system, and occurs without peripheral nociceptor stimulation. Trigeminal neuropathy always pose differential location difficulties as multiple diseases are capablc of producing them: they can be the result of traumatism, tumors, or diseases of the connective tissue, infectious or demyelinating diseases, or may be of idiopathic origin. There are a number of mechanisms described as causing neuropathy. They can be described as ectopic nerve activity, neuroma, ephatic trasmission, change of sodium channel expression, sympathetic activity, central sensitization, and alteration in central inhibition systems. More than I mechanism may be active to create individual clinical presentations. In order to provide better pain control, the mechanism-based approach in treating neuropathic pain should be familiar to physicians.
Considerations during dental implant treatment for patients under bisphosphonate therapy
Authors: Park Won-Se , Chung Won-Yoon , Kim Hyung-Jun , Kim Kee-Deog
Published: August 2024

Bisphosphonate inhibits the function of osteoclast, so they are widely used for multiple myeloma, Paget's disease, metastatic malignant bone disease, and severe osteoporosis. This drug is very effective for preventing severe complication of osteoporosis, some unpredictable complication occurred such as esophageal malignancy, atypical fracture of femur, and osteonecrosis of the jaw. Bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is closely related with invasive, open bone surgery like tooth extraction. BRONJ associated with dental implant is rare, however, as the use of bisphosphonate increase, BRONJ cases with dental implant are increasing. In this article, we will describe the considerations during dental implant treatment for patient under bisphosphonate therapy.
International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS)
Authors: Choi Youn-Hee
Published: August 2024

Dental caries has been widely prevalent with presence of cavitation on teeth. For the last several decades, the prevalence of dental caries in developed countries has rapidly decreased so there has been needed a new and detailed diagnostic guideline to differentiate the severity of dental caries, especially for early status of caries. The cariology specifically requires the development of an integrated definition of dental caries and uniform systems for measuring the caries process in the fields of clinical diagnosis and treatment, epidemiological researches, and dental education and so forth. The international Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) optically measures the enamel surface changes and potential histological depth of carious lesions by relying on surface characteristics of teeth. ICDAS is a visual classification system that was developed to diagnose the subtle changes of enamel surface, predict the progress direction of early caries, allow standardized data collection in relation to caries in different settings, and to enable better comparison of oral health between countries worldwide and research studies.
The developmental history of Complete denture and its occlusal principle
Authors: Lim Young-Jun , Joo Young-Hun , Lee Jin-Han
Published: August 2024

In an edentulous situation, the dentist must make several determinations when constructing artificial teeth. These include vertical and horizontal relationships of mandible with respect to the maxilla, occlusal form and position, vertical dimension, occlusal relationships during both centric closure and eccentric excursive movements. Artificial teeth are attached to a movable base resting on movable and displaceable living tissue subject to damage. They act as a unit; therefore, they must be arranged to function as a unit. Bilateral balanced occlusion is that stability of the denture is attained when bilateral contacts ex ist throughout all dynamic and static states of the denture during function. Lateral excursion in a balanced scheme implies simultaneous working side and nonworking side contact, while occlusal contacts are maintained on both anterior and posterior teeth as the mandible moves anteriorly into protrusion.
An anatomic study of the facial nerve
Authors: Kwak Hyun-Ho , Park Bong-Su , Kim Hee-Jin
Published: August 2024

This study examined the anatomical relationships along with the variability of the facial nerve trunk and its branches with an emphasis on the intraparotid connections between the divisions. And histomorphometric observations of the facial nerve branches and fascicles were performed on 40 Korean half-heads. The facial nerve trunk was bifurcated into two main divisions(35/40, 87.5%) and the other five cases were divided into a trifurcation pattern. According to the origin of the buccal branch, the branching patterns of the facia l nerve were classified into four categories. Communications between the facial and auriculotemporal nerve branches were observed in 37 out of 40 cases(92.5%). In the histological observation, the buccal branch had the greatest number of branches(3.47), however the zygomatic branch had the largest diameters(0.93mm). This detailed description of the facial nerve anatomy wi ll provide useful information for surgical procedures such as a tumor resection. a facial nerve reconstruction, autonerve graft. and facelift.
Factors Associated with Treatment Duration Time of Forced Eruption in Impacted Maxillary Canines Using 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography
Authors: Kim Min Su , Kim Hyoung-Woo , Lee Seung-Soo , Lee Eui-Mook , Choi Bo Young , Kim Bong Chul , Lee Jae In , Yoon Jung-Hoon , Lee Jun
Published: August 2024

Early identification of maxillary canine impaction is very important, because of treatment duration time. Analysis used by 3-dimensional computed tomography is more important than before in treatment planning. The aim of this study was to analysis of factors associated with the treatment during time of forced eruption of the impacted maxillary canine using 3-dimensional computed tomography. 17 patients were analysed in Daejeon dental hospital of Wonkwang university(16 patients with unilateral impactions and 1 patient with bilateral impaction). In total, 18 maxillary impacted cannines were analysed by 3-dimensional computed tomography. The results obtained were as follow; 1. There was positive correlation between the age of patient and treatment duration time. 2. There was positive correlation between the distance of occlusal plane to cusp of maxillary impacted canine and treatment duration time, and negative correlation between the length of maxillary impacted canine and treatment duration time. 3. There was positive correlation between the angulation of midsagittal plane to axis of maxillary impacted canine and treatment duration time, and negative correlation between occlusal plane to axis of maxillary impacted canine and treatment duration time. In conclusion, age, tooth length, distance from the canine cusp tip to the occlusal plane, angulation of tooth axis to occlusal plane and midsagittal plane allow that we can predict treatment duration time.
Traumatic Injuries to the teeth in children and adolescent
Authors: Park Jae-Hong
Published: August 2024

It is well known that the majority of dental injuries occur in children and adolescent. An injury to the teeth can have serious and long-term consequences, leading to their discoloration, malformation, or possible loss. The emotional impact of such an injury can be far reaching. The majority of dental injuries in the primary and permanent dentitions involve the anterior teeth, especially the maxillary central incisors. Concussion, subluxation, and luxation are the commonest injuries in the primary dentition, while uncomplicated crown fractures are commonest in the permanent dentition. If it is decided to preserve a traumatized primary tooth, it should be carefully observed for clinical and radiographic signs of pulpal or periodontal complications. Radiographs are also examined closely to disclose any damage to the permanent successor. The intervals between reexaminations should be individualized depending on the severity of trauma, the expected type of complications and the age of the patient. Most complications are observed within the first year of the trauma. However, the follow-up evaluation of permanent teeth should continue until treatment of all complications is completed, or until a lost or extracted permanent tooth has been adequately replaced. It is important that the dentist and the other members of the dental team are well prepared to meet the many complex and challenging problems in the care of dental emergencies.