bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on indoor air radon measurement in a university in Shanghai
Authors: Haoquan Ni , Minyi Pan , Yanmei Yin , Yujie Yan , Chunxiao Su
Published: August 2022

With the improvement of people's requirements for living environment, the effect of indoor radon radioactivity on health has been widely concerned. In this paper, taking a university in Shanghai as an example, indoor radon concentration and its related environmental parameters were measured in some of its houses to understand the level of indoor radon concentration in its campus. The results show that the average concentrations of student dormitory, office building, and academic building are 14.79±9.15 Bq/m3,22.67±5.72 Bq/m3, and 12.55±6.71 Bq/m3 respectively. indoor radon is positively correlated with indoor temperature and humidity, and ventilation is also an effective method to reduce indoor radon.
Carbon dioxide generation rates and subjects’ perception of air quality of office activities under various ambient temperatures
Authors: Gao Siru , Yang Liu , Zhao Shengkai , Zhai Yongchao
Published: August 2022

Indoor carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is an important parameter that has been used to characterize and design indoor air quality and building ventilation. In indoor spaces, the primary source of CO2 is occupants, and the rate is always related to occupants’ activities intensity. However, the CO2 generation rates required by many applications were currently calculated by metabolic rates using equations given in the ASHRAE Handbook, which were based on the average of adults from Europe and North America that are several decades old. In addition, the ambient temperatures may also affect CO2 generation rates by affecting human metabolic reactions but were not considered. There is little systematic experimental determination of human CO2 generation rates at different activity levels and various ambient temperatures. This study experimentally determines Chinese office people’s CO2 generation rates by 28 college students (14 women and 14 men) aged 20~30, while conducting office tasks (sitting and typing, standing and typing, walking at 1 km/h, and walking at 2 km/h) at 20, 23, 26, and 29 ℃. CO2 generation rates increase significantly as activity levels increase, and slightly increased with increasing ambient temperature. With activity intensity increases, the gender and temperature differences also grow.
Exploring the potentials of micro-environment ventilation in mitigating airborne transmission risk
Authors: Zhao Weixin , Kilpelainen Simo , Kosonen Risto , Lestinen Sami
Published: August 2022

In the background of COVID-19, new requirements are occurring in the novel ventilation systems to mitigate airborne transmission risk in indoor environments. In this study, two micro-environment ventilation systems: personalized ventilation combined with radiant panel system (PVRP) and low velocity unit combined with radiant panel system (LVRP) were studied to explore the potential of reducing the airborne infection risk. In a simulated double layout office, the droplets generated by a thermal breathing manikin were used to simulate the breathing process of an infected person. Opposite the manikin, a heated dummy was as an exposed person. During the 102-minute measurement, the results show that the infection risk at the inhaled air with micro-environment systems is lowest. The heat gain levels do have much effect on infection risk with the PVRP system, but higher heat gain will increase the risk slightly with the LVRP system.
Numerical simulation of pollutant diffusion in public toilets
Authors: Yin Xin , Sun Xinshan , Bai Minkai , Liu Zhan
Published: August 2022

Compared with residential restrooms, public toilets usually have higher utilization rates. How to ensure the air quality in the toilets through reasonable ventilation is of great significance to human health. In this study, an office building with a public toilet is selected as the research object, and the Airpak 3.0 software is adopted to simulate the airflow velocity distribution in the toilet with different air change rates and exhaust vent heights. Variations of the air velocity distribution, ammonia concentration, ventilation efficiency, and other parameters, are compared and analyzed. The results show that increasing the air change rate could reduce the concentration of pollutants in the toilet, but it has negative effects on ventilation efficiency. After comprehensive analysis, the desirable air change rate is chosen with the value of 15h-1. The exhaust outlet is set near the source of pollution to facilitate the discharge of pollutants. This work may provide a theoretical basis for amelioration of the toilet ventilation environment.
Ventilation strategies on indoor particles in day-care center
Authors: Park Junseok , Cho Sungwon , Yoo Jihyun
Published: August 2022

In this study, a day-care center located in Seoul was monitored for one year to quantify the effects of ventilation methods, natural and mechanical, on the indoor particle levels. It is found from the field monitoring that air tightness and mechanical ventilation system with MERV 12 can be helpful to maintain indoor particles at low levels during the class hours of the day-care center. The mechanical ventilation, however, is not sufficient for lowering PM2.5 when the outdoor PM2.5 is at high levels.
Experimental study on the disinfection of microbial contamination by the microwave radiation on a typical filter coated with absorbing material
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Wang Feifei , Xu Xinhua
Published: August 2022

In the air-conditioning system, a high-efficiency air filter can guarantee the capture of dust and biological particles. However, the traditional filter material itself does not have the function of disinfection and self-purification. As a result, the traditional air filter might become a hotbed for the reproduction of the microorganisms. Carried by the airflow, these microorganisms can enter the indoor environment, which might cause secondary pollutions. A properly selected upstream filter can prevent the particulate pollution, while it is hard to prevent the biological pollution inside the air-conditioning system. The microwave radiation is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency disinfection method because of its disinfection mechanism, penetrability and selective heating property. At present, the microwave disinfection technology is widely used in the disinfection process of food processing, but its application in the air-conditioning field is relatively rare. From this point of view, this paper proposes to apply the microwave disinfection technology to the filters of the air-conditioning system. First, the combination of the filter and absorbing material is proposed to improve its absorption capacity of the microwave. Then, the air-conditioning system experimental platform for microwave disinfection was established and experiments were carried out to explore the disinfection effect of the Staphylococcus aureus on the composite filter under the microwave radiation. Finally, the experimental results and their influencing factors are briefly analyzed.
Research on Evaluation Index of Indoor PM2.5 Purification Effect
Authors: Jian Yiwen , Gu Xundong , Guo Ruiming , Bian Mengmeng , Liu Zijia
Published: August 2022

PM2.5 has been associated with negative health impacts in studies performed throughout the world. Inevitably, the occupants are exposed to PM2.5 that was brought in from the outdoor environment by ventilation airflow. Natural ventilation (NV) is commonly used in apartments. However, the purification methods and their effects were different for different NV apartments. The main evaluation indexes were indoor PM2.5 mass concentration and I/O ratio. But some deficiencies have been found in the practical applications of the two indicators. This study analyzed the limitations of PM2.5 concentration and I/O ratio in evaluation based on field measurement. The indoor PM2.5 concentration was not suitable for large-scale, long-term evaluation. The I/O ratio had limitations in both the short-term and long-term evaluation process. In the short-term, it is mainly the impact of the lag effect. In the long-, it is due to the difference in the influencing factors of indoor and outdoor concentration, leading to inaccurate evaluation results of I/O ratio. To this end, this study established a new effect evaluation index--the percentage of purification time up to standard (PPTS). The new evaluation index has strong operability and advantages in practical application.
Health risk assessment of airborne bacteria and fungi in different-type buildings in Kunming, a typical temperate Chinese city
Authors: Wang Shengqi , Qian Hua
Published: August 2022

The risk assessment of airborne bacteria and fungi between different-type buildings located in temperate climate zone is still unclear. We applied the culturable method to characterize the airborne bacteria and fungi in 10 residences, 1 school, 2 office buildings, 1 hospital, and 1 library during winter in Kunming, China. In a total of 79 rooms, 152 culturable microbial samples were investigated. Results showed that there were significant disparities in bacterial concentrations among various types of buildings. The highest culturable bacterial concentration was found in residences, while the lowest was in the library. In contrast, the fungal concentrations showed little difference. The risk assessment indicated that occupants in different types of buildings in Kunming had an acceptable exposure risk (hazard index < 1) for bioaerosols. The exposure risk for bacteria in residence was significantly higher than in the others, while the mean hazard index of fungi in residence was significantly higher than in schools, hospitals, and libraries. Ventilation could reduce the HI of bioaerosols in rooms. This study is helpful to give practical implications for assessing microbial characteristics in different types of buildings and highlight the significance of evaluating the microbial concentrations in residence in temperate climate zone in China.
Optimization Study of Air Distribution of Flask Exhaust Hood Based on the Ceiling Attached Jet
Authors: Gaoju Song , Changhan Geng , Tongzhou Liu , Jiachun Chi , Hongjin Xu , Lei Yang
Published: August 2022

Pouring is an important process in foundry. However, due to the large number of risers and unfixed flask position, the high-temperature smoke generated by the flask is difficult to collect, which has a negative impact on the working environment and atmospheric environment of the workshop. Solving the environmental problems caused by flask is a focus of green development of foundry industry. In this paper, the effect of flask smoke exhaust hood based on the ceiling attached jet is studied. The air distribution in the exhaust hood is optimized by numerical simulation to avoid the escape of contaminants from the hood. The main influencing factors such as length of air supply duct, flask temperature and air distribution optimization device in the hood were studied. The results show that the ceiling attached jet method can improve the capture efficiency of the exhaust hood. The best capture efficiency is achieved when the length of the air supply duct is 3m. The air distribution can be significantly improved when the length of the baffle is greater than 600mm. Compared with the existing technical scheme, this study can save energy25×104kWh/a, the total particulate emissions are reduced by 97%. This study has important reference significance for the green development of foundry industry.
Lensing from small-scale travelling ionospheric disturbances observed using LOFAR
Authors: Boyde Ben , Wood Alan , Dorrian Gareth , Fallows Richard A. , Themens David , Mielich Jens , Elvidge Sean , Mevius Maaijke , Zucca Pietro , Dabrowski Bartosz , Krankowski Andrzej , Vocks Christian , Bisi Mario
Published: August 2022

Observations made using the LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) between 10:15 and 11:48 UT on the 15th of September 2018 over a bandwidth of approximately 25–65 MHz contain discrete pseudo-periodic features of ionospheric origin. These features occur within a period of approximately 10 min and collectively last roughly an hour. They are strongly frequency dependent, broadening significantly in time towards the lower frequencies, and show an overlaid pattern of diffraction fringes. By modelling the ionosphere as a thin phase screen containing a wave-like disturbance, we are able to replicate the observations, suggesting that they are associated with small-scale travelling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs). This modelling indicates that the features observed here require a compact radio source at a low elevation and that the TID or TIDs in question have a wavelength <~30 km. Several features suggest the presence of deviations from an idealised sinusoidal wave form. These results demonstrate LOFAR’s capability to identify and characterise small-scale ionospheric structures.
Erfassung von Sprache und Kommunikation bei Personen mit MCI
Authors: Vössing Lisa , Hartmann Mareike , Richter Kerstin , Hielscher-Fastabend Martina
Published: August 2022

Hintergrund Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) ist häufig mit Veränderungen sprachlicher und kommunikativer Kompetenzen verbunden. Zur differenzierten Erfassung dieser sprachlichen Veränderungen bei MCI stehen allgemein keine spezifischen Diagnostikinstrumente zur Verfügung. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, inwiefern die Verfahren BIAS R und ANELT, entwickelt zur Diagnostik neurologisch bedingter Sprachstörungen, Veränderungen im Rahmen eines MCI detektieren können.

Methode Auf Grundlage des kognitiven Status, klassifiziert durch DemTect und MoCA, wurden drei Gruppen verglichen: Personen mit altersgemäßen kognitiven Kompetenzen (Norm), Personen mit leichten kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen (MCI) und Personen mit moderaten kognitiven Defiziten (MCI +).

Ergebnisse BIAS R und ANELT ermitteln Veränderungen sprachlicher und kommunikativer Kompetenzen bei Personen mit moderaten kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen (MCI +), während Personen mit leichten kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen keine signifikanten Unterschiede zur Norm zeigen.
Small for Gestational Age Affects Outcomes on Singletons and Inborn Births in Extremely Preterm Infants: A Japanese Cohort Study
Authors: Suenaga Hideyo , Nakanishi Hidehiko , Uchiyama Atsushi , Kusuda Satoshi ,   on behalf of the Neonatal Research Network of Japan
Published: August 2022

Objective This study aimed to compare the short- and long-term outcomes of extremely preterm small for gestational age (SGA) infants and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants in Japan.

Study Design We retrospectively assessed 434 SGA and 1,716 AGA infants born at 22 to 27 weeks of gestational age (GA) and examined their outcomes on singletons and inborn births between 2003 and 2012. Infants were followed-up for 3 years, and the clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared. Fisher's exact and Student's t-tests were used for independent sample comparison. Logistic regression was used to identify associated factors.

Results The prevalence of intraventricular hemorrhage ≥ grade 3 was significantly lower (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.28; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11 − 0.72), and the prevalence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks of GA and the need for home oxygen therapy were significantly higher (aOR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.66 − 2.91 and aOR: 2.46; 95% CI: 1.75–3.47, respectively) in SGA infants than in AGA infants. SGA infants born at 24 to 25 weeks of GA had a significantly higher prevalence of developmental quotient (DQ) < 70 (aOR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.08 − 2.77). Those born at 26 to 27 weeks of GA showed a significantly higher prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) and visual impairment (aOR: 2.31; 95% CI: 1.22 − 4.40 and aOR: 2.61; 95% CI: 1.21 − 5.61, respectively).

Conclusion In SGA infants, birth at 24 to 25 weeks of GA is an independent risk factor for DQ < 70, and birth at 26 to 27 weeks of GA is an independent risk factor for CP and visual impairment. However, we did not consider nutritional and developmental factors, and a longer follow-up would help assess neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Key Points
Three-Dimensional Organoids as a Model to Study Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Park Yujin , Thadasina Deepthi , Bolujo Ifeoluwa , Isidan Abdulkadir , Cross-Najafi Arthur A. , Lopez Kevin , Li Ping , Dahlem Andrew M. , Kennedy Lindsey , Sato Keisaku , Francis Heather , Alpini Gianfranco , Zhang Wenjun , Ekser Burcin
Published: August 2022

Despite the rising prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the underlying disease pathophysiology remains unclear. There is a great need for an efficient and reliable “human” in vitro model to study NAFLD and the progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which will soon become the leading indication for liver transplantation. Here, we review the recent developments in the use of three-dimensional (3D) liver organoids as a model to study NAFLD and NASH pathophysiology and possible treatments. Various techniques that are currently used to make liver organoids are discussed, such as the use of induced pluripotent stem cells versus primary cell lines and human versus murine cells. Moreover, methods for inducing lipid droplet accumulation and fibrosis to model NAFLD are explored. Finally, the limitations specific to the 3D organoid model for NAFLD/NASH are reviewed, highlighting the need for further development of multilineage models to include hepatic nonparenchymal cells and immune cells. The ultimate goal is to be able to accurately recapitulate the complex liver microenvironment in which NAFLD develops and progresses to NASH.
Pd/RHA and Pd/BPA as Eco-Friendly Heterogeneous Catalysts: Microwave-Assisted C–S Cross-Coupling Reaction in DMF
Authors: Katla Ramesh , Katla Rakhi , Goulart Taís Barcelos , Rosa Diego S. , Rosa Gilber R.
Published: August 2022

First time, Pd-Rice Husk Ash (Pd/RHA) and Pd-Banana Peel Ash (Pd-BPA) were used as eco-friendly catalysts in the C–S cross-coupling reaction of 5-bromo-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole with various benzene thiols in DMF under microwave irradiation at 75 °C, 200 W (100 psi) for 15–25 min. These catalysts were produced from agro-industrial wastes, such as rice husk ash and banana peel ash. These can be recycled and reused up to five catalytic cycles without loss of catalytic efficiency.
Role of Interventional Radiology in the Management of Non-aortic Thoracic Trauma
Authors: Higgins Mikhail C.S.S. , Shi Jessica , Bader Mohammad , Kohanteb Paul A. , Brahmbhatt Tejal S.
Published: August 2022

Trauma remains a leading cause of death for all age groups, and nearly two-thirds of these individuals suffer thoracic trauma. Due to the various types of injuries, including vascular and nonvascular, interventional radiology plays a major role in the acute and chronic management of the thoracic trauma patient. Interventional radiologists are critical members in the multidisciplinary team focusing on treatment of the patient with thoracic injury. Through case presentations, this article will review the role of interventional radiology in the management of trauma patients suffering thoracic injuries.
Social media, education, and the rise of populist Euroscepticism
Authors: Fortunato Piergiuseppe , Pecoraro Marco
Published: August 2022

This paper studies how the diffusion of skeptical or negative attitudes towards the European Union (EU) and the process of European integration relates to the new technologies of political communication, education, and their interaction. Using both European-wide and national surveys, we find a strong relationship between exposure to online political activity and Euroscepticism only among individuals with lower formal education. When distinguishing between different forms of online political activity it also finds that it is not the use of the internet per se that matters, but the specific use of social networks, like Twitter or Facebook, for obtaining information about politics. These results turn out to be robust to the use of instrumental variables intended to capture the speed of connection available and the relative easiness of using internet and social media.
A Perspective on the optical spectral design for passive solar heating and radiative cooling
Authors: Jiang Yi , Li Jinlei , Zhu Bin , Zhu Jia
Published: August 2022

Heating and cooling, as the basic requirements of human life, account for more than 28% of global energy consumption. To minimize carbon footprint and save energy, various strategies based on passive heating and cooling have attracted much attention. Typically, as the sun and outer space are the natural thermodynamic resources for renewable energy harvesting, passive solar heating and radiative cooling have been widely explored through a precise spectral design to effectively exploit solar energy and thermal radiation. In this Perspective, based on the previous works and principal development of passive solar heating and radiative cooling, the corresponding ideal spectral design under different temperature conditions is proposed and highlighted. As demonstrations, we present several examples of different optical spectral designs for realizing passive solar heating and radiative cooling to fit various scenarios. Finally, possible solutions to the current problems and the directions for future development are discussed.
Dual two-color method: A new concept of ultra-wide temperature range thermography (200–3600 °C) for ITER divertor infrared thermography
Authors: Ushiki Tomohiko , Imazawa Ryota , Murakami Hidetoshi , Shimizu Kosuke , Sugie Tatsuo , Hatae Takaki
Published: August 2022

A new temperature measurement method—the dual two-color method—was developed to accurately measure the temperature over an ultra-wide temperature range (200–3600 °C) for ITER divertor infrared thermography. This novel method introduces a third wavelength filter to the conventional two-color method by replacing the shorter single wavelength bandpass filter with a customized dual-bandpass filter having two transmission bands, without having to add a third infrared camera. The dominant wavelength band of the total radiance through the dual-band filter changes automatically as the temperature increases and, consequently, either the shorter or longer wavelength band of the dual-bandpass filter is used to establish the two-color combination at both low and high temperatures. The dual two-color method increased the acceptable measurement error of the two-color radiance ratio for the temperature measurement requirement of the ITER divertor infrared thermography to 9.45% from that of 4.3% when using the conventional two-color method.
Effect of argon flow rate and direct current bias on the growth of boron nitride coating in low-temperature plasma
Authors: Chakrabarty Kallol , Baker Paul A. , Vijayan Vineeth M. , Catledge Shane A.
Published: August 2022

A microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition system was used to synthesize cubic boron nitride (cBN) coatings on diamond seeded silicon substrates using direct current (DC) bias. Effects of the argon (Ar) flow rate and bias voltage on the growth of the cBN coatings were investigated. Hydrogen (H2), argon (Ar), a mixture of diborane in H2 (95% H2, 5% B2H6), and N2 were used in the feed gas. A DC bias system was used for external biasing of the sample, which facilitates the goal of achieving sp3 bonded cBN. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) revealed the existence of sp3-bonded BN in the produced samples. With increasing Ar flow, the cBN content in the coating increases and reaches a maximum at the maximum Ar flow of 400 SCCM used in this study. High-resolution XPS scans for B1s and N1s indicate that the deposited coating contains more than 70% cBN. This study demonstrates that energetic argon ions generated in a microwave-induced plasma significantly increase cBN content in the coating.
An invariances-preserving vector basis neural network for the closure of Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations by the divergence of the Reynolds stress tensor
Authors: Berrone S. , Oberto D.
Published: August 2022

In the present paper, a new data-driven model is proposed to close and increase accuracy of Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. Among the variety of turbulent quantities, it has been decided to predict the divergence of the Reynolds stress tensor (RST). Recent literature works highlighted the potential of this choice. The key novelty of this work is to obtain the divergence of the Reynolds stress tensor through a neural network (NN) whose architecture and input choice guarantee both Galilean and coordinates-frame rotation. The former derives from the input choice of the NN while the latter from the expansion of the divergence of the RST into a vector basis. This approach has been widely used for data-driven models for the RST anisotropy or the RST discrepancies but surprisingly not for the divergence of the RST. The present paper tries to fill this literature gap. Hence, a constitutive relation of the divergence of the RST from mean quantities is proposed to obtain such expansion. Moreover, once the proposed data-driven approach is trained, there is no need to run any classic turbulence model to close the equations. The well-known tests of flow in a square duct and over periodic hills are used to show advantages of the present method compared to the standard turbulence models.
Amelioration of pathologic α-synuclein-induced Parkinson’s disease by irisin
Authors: Kam Tae-In , Park Hyejin , Chou Shih-Ching , Van Vranken Jonathan G. , Mittenbühler Melanie J. , Kim Hyeonwoo , A Mu , Choi Yu Ree , Biswas Devanik , Wang Justin , Shin Yu , Loder Alexis , Karuppagounder Senthilkumar S. , Wrann Christiane D. , Dawson Valina L. , Spiegelman Bruce M. , Dawson Ted M.
Published: August 2022

Physical activity provides clinical benefit in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Irisin is an exercise-induced polypeptide secreted by skeletal muscle that crosses the blood–brain barrier and mediates certain effects of exercise. Here, we show that irisin prevents pathologic α-synuclein (α-syn)-induced neurodegeneration in the α-syn preformed fibril (PFF) mouse model of sporadic PD. Intravenous delivery of irisin via viral vectors following the stereotaxic intrastriatal injection of α-syn PFF cause a reduction in the formation of pathologic α-syn and prevented the loss of dopamine neurons and lowering of striatal dopamine. Irisin also substantially reduced the α-syn PFF-induced motor deficits as assessed behaviorally by the pole and grip strength test. Recombinant sustained irisin treatment of primary cortical neurons attenuated α-syn PFF toxicity by reducing the formation of phosphorylated serine 129 of α-syn and neuronal cell death. Tandem mass spectrometry and biochemical analysis revealed that irisin reduced pathologic α-syn by enhancing endolysosomal degradation of pathologic α-syn. Our findings highlight the potential for therapeutic disease modification of irisin in PD.
Mid51/Fis1 mitochondrial oligomerization complex drives lysosomal untethering and network dynamics
Authors: Wong Yvette C. , Kim Soojin , Cisneros Jasmine , Molakal Catherine G. , Song Pingping , Lubbe Steven J. , Krainc Dimitri
Published: August 2022

Lysosomes are highly dynamic organelles implicated in multiple diseases. Using live super-resolution microscopy, we found that lysosomal tethering events rarely undergo lysosomal fusion, but rather untether over time to reorganize the lysosomal network. Inter-lysosomal untethering events are driven by a mitochondrial Mid51/Fis1 complex that undergoes coupled oligomerization on the outer mitochondrial membrane. Importantly, Fis1 oligomerization mediates TBC1D15 (Rab7-GAP) mitochondrial recruitment to drive inter-lysosomal untethering via Rab7 GTP hydrolysis. Moreover, inhibiting Fis1 oligomerization by either mutant Fis1 or a Mid51 oligomerization mutant potentially associated with Parkinson’s disease prevents lysosomal untethering events, resulting in misregulated lysosomal network dynamics. In contrast, dominant optic atrophy–linked mutant Mid51, which does not inhibit Mid51/Fis1 coupled oligomerization, does not disrupt downstream lysosomal dynamics. As Fis1 conversely also regulates Mid51 oligomerization, our work further highlights an oligomeric Mid51/Fis1 mitochondrial complex that mechanistically couples together both Drp1 and Rab7 GTP hydrolysis machinery at mitochondria–lysosome contact sites. These findings have significant implications for organelle networks in cellular homeostasis and human disease.
Threshold conditions for transversal modes of tunable plasmonic nanolasers shaped as single and twin graphene-covered circular quantum wires
Authors: Herasymova Dariia O , Dukhopelnykov Sergii V , Natarov Denys M , Zinenko Tatiana L , Lucido Mario , Nosich Alexander I
Published: August 2022

We implement the lasing eigenvalue problem (LEP) approach to study the electromagnetic field in the presence of a circular quantum wire (QW) made of a gain material and wrapped in graphene cover and a dimer of two identical graphene-covered QWs, at the threshold of stationary emission. LEP delivers the mode-specific eigenvalue pairs, namely the frequencies and the threshold values of the QW gain index for the plasmon and the wire modes of such nanolasers. In our analysis, we use quantum Kubo formalism for the graphene conductivity and classical Maxwell boundary-value problem for the field functions. The technique involves the resistive boundary conditions, the separation of variables in the local coordinates, and, for the dimer, the addition theorem for the cylindrical functions. For single-wire plasmonic laser, we derive approximate engineering expressions for the lasing frequencies and threshold values of the gain index that complement the full-wave computations. For the dimer, we derive separate determinantal equations for four different classes of symmetry of the lasing supermodes and solve them numerically. Our investigation of the mode frequencies and thresholds versus the graphene and QW parameters shows that plasmon modes or, for the dimer, plasmon supermodes have lower frequencies and thresholds than the wire modes provided that the QW radius is smaller than 10 μm, however in thicker wires they are comparable. Only the plasmon-mode characteristics are well-tunable using the graphene chemical potential. In the dimer, all lasing supermodes form closely located quartets, however, they quickly approach the single-wire case if the inter-wire separation becomes comparable to the radius. These results open a way for building essentially single-mode plasmonic nanolasers and their arrays and suggest certain engineering rules for their design.
Explicit form of Berry phase for time dependent harmonic oscillators in noncommutative space
Authors: Dutta Manjari , Ganguly Shreemoyee , Gangopadhyay Sunandan
Published: August 2022

In this paper we look for the existence of Berry phase in time dependent harmonic oscillators in noncommutative space. Two systems are considered in our study in the noncommutative framework. The first one is a system in which a scale invariant term is present in the Hamiltonian from the beginning, and the second one is a system in which a scale invariant term emerges due to a change of variables from the noncommutative to the commutative ones. We first compute the eigenstates of both the systems using the Lewis invariant approach. We then employ the Lewis invariant technique to obtain the geometric phase under adiabatic approximation. We also calculate the Berry phase explicitly by choosing appropriate forms of the time dependent parameters appearing in the Hamiltonian. Our analysis surprisingly reveals that a scale invariant time reversal symmetry breaking term may not always lead to a non trivial Berry phase.
Neural network reconstruction of the dense matter equation of state from neutron star observables
Authors: Soma Shriya , Wang Lingxiao , Shi Shuzhe , Stöcker Horst , Zhou Kai
Published: August 2022

The Equation of State (EoS) of strongly interacting cold and hot ultra-dense QCD matter remains a major challenge in the field of nuclear astrophysics. With the advancements in measurements of neutron star masses, radii, and tidal deformabilities, from electromagnetic and gravitational wave observations, neutron stars play an important role in constraining the ultra-dense QCD matter EoS. In this work, we present a novel method that exploits deep learning techniques to reconstruct the neutron star EoS from mass-radius (M-R) observations. We employ neural networks (NNs) to represent the EoS in a model-independent way, within the range of ∼1-7 times the nuclear saturation density. The unsupervised Automatic Differentiation (AD) framework is implemented to optimize the EoS, so as to yield through TOV equations, an M-R curve that best fits the observations.
We demonstrate that this method works by rebuilding the EoS on mock data, i.e., mass-radius pairs derived from a randomly generated polytropic EoS. The reconstructed EoS fits the mock data with reasonable accuracy, using just 11 mock M-R pairs observations, close to the current number of actual observations.
Valley dynamics of different excitonic states in monolayer WSe2 grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Hu Shengmin , Ye Jialiang , Liu Ruiqi , Zhang Xinhui
Published: August 2022

Monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides possess rich excitonic physics and unique valley-contrasting optical selection rule, and offer a great platform for long spin/valley lifetime engineering and the associated spin/valleytronics exploration. Using two-color time-resolved Kerr rotation and time-resolved reflectivity spectroscopy, we investigate the spin/valley dynamics of different excitonic states in monolayer WSe2 grown by molecular beam epitaxy. With fine tuning of the photon energy of both pump and probe beams, the valley relaxation process for the neutral excitons and trions is found to be remarkably different—their characteristic spin/valley lifetimes vary from picoseconds to nanoseconds, respectively. The observed long trion spin lifetime of > 2.0 ns is discussed to be associated with the dark trion states, which is evidenced by the photon-energy dependent valley polarization relaxation. Our results also reveal that valley depolarization for these different excitonic states is intimately connected with the strong Coulomb interaction when the optical excitation energy is above the exciton resonance.
Experimental investigation of pressure characteristics behind the reflected shock waves in a metrological shock tube
Authors: Yao Zhenjian , Ding Yifan , Li Yongsheng , Yao Lei , Wang Chenchen
Published: August 2022

The pressure behind the reflected shock wave (RSW) in real shock tubes deviates from the ideal behavior. This results in lower measurement accuracy and thus affects experiments and interpretations. The deviations depend on several factors, such as the pressure magnitude, shock tube geometry, and working gas. This study investigated it quantitatively and attempted to accurately describe its characteristics via the introduction of two parameters: pressure gain and pressure rise. To improve the accuracy of the pressure gain measurement, a model of the incident shock wave (ISW) attenuation was proposed and the influence of the shock tube geometry was explored. The experimental results showed that the measurement accuracy was significantly improved: in the cases of 0.07, 0.14, 0.25, and 0.30 mm thick aluminum diaphragms, it was improved by approximately 4, 7, 12, and 22 times, respectively. In addition, a model of the pressure rise dependence on the Mach number of the ISW was constructed through a linear fit of the pressure rise data. Further, the effects of the working gas on the RSW were examined: the results demonstrate that by working with the air the pressure behind the RSW exhibited good stability and amplitude.
An efficient CNN-LSTM network with spectral normalization and label smoothing technologies for SSVEP frequency recognition
Authors: Pan Yudong , Chen Jianbo , Zhang Yangsong , Zhang Yu
Published: August 2022

Objective. Steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) based brain–computer interface (BCI) has received great interests owing to the high information transfer rate and available large number of targets. However, the performance of frequency recognition methods heavily depends on the amount of the calibration data for intra-subject classification. Some research adopted the deep learning (DL) algorithm to conduct the inter-subject classification, which could reduce the calculation procedure, but the performance still has large room to improve compared with the intra-subject classification. Approach. To address these issues, we proposed an efficient SSVEP DL NETwork (termed SSVEPNET) based on one-dimensional convolution and long short-term memory (LSTM) module. To enhance the performance of SSVEPNET, we adopted the spectral normalization and label smoothing technologies during implementing the network architecture. We evaluated the SSVEPNET and compared it with other methods for the intra- and inter-subject classification under different conditions, i.e. two datasets, two time-window lengths (1 s and 0.5 s), three sizes of training data. Main results. Under all the experimental settings, the proposed SSVEPNET achieved the highest average accuracy for the intra- and inter-subject classification on the two SSVEP datasets, when compared with other traditional and DL baseline methods. Significance. The extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed DL model holds promise to enhance frequency recognition performance in SSVEP-based BCIs. Besides, the mixed network structures with convolutional neural network and LSTM, and the spectral normalization and label smoothing could be useful optimization strategies to design efficient models for electroencephalography data.
Weighted graphs, spanning tree generating functions and anisotropic lattice systems: illustrative results for the Ising and dimer models
Authors: Portillo M A G , da Luz M G E
Published: August 2022

Anisotropic lattice models are mathematically more involved and often phenomenologically richer than the isotropic counterparts. As a consequence, their analyses tend to be considerably more demanding with a smaller number of exact results available. It has been shown that certain important quantities for isotropic statistical physics models on a lattice L can be cast in terms of the spanning tree generating function STGF (a pure combinatorial topological function) of L. A possible way to formulate an anisotropic lattice model is by defining it on a weighted lattice. Very recently (2021 J. Stat. Mech. 073104), it has been speculated that if a STGF could be extended to such lattices, perhaps the previously mentioned association would hold for the anisotropic case as well. Hence, the aim of this contribution is twofold. To properly define and construct a weighted spanning tree generating function wSTGF for general periodic lattices. To show that the free energy for the anisotropic Ising and dimer models can be mapped onto the wSTGF for some particular, but representative, lattice structures. These findings might represent a novel approach to treat such class of problems.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy monitoring of aluminum alloys laser cleaning process
Authors: Voznesenskaya A A , Gusev D S , Kochuev D A , Polyakova A A , Frolov K A
Published: August 2022

The paper considers an approach to monitoring the condition of the treated surface in real time based on the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technique. As a result of the study, the aluminum alloy was cleaned from the plimer coating, spectral analysis was carried out, the relationship between the processing modes and the thickness of the coating being removed was experimentally established, which allows removing the paint coating in one pass without damaging the underlying layers. The optimal spectral range for the control operation, the contrasting spectral lines of the elements that make up the coating, the optimal parameters of laser exposure are determined based on the monitoring data of the spectral signal recorded during laser processing
Experimental determination of the spectral absorption coefficient of a plasma-erosion torch on the surface of carbon-bearing materials
Authors: Galkin A F , Zhirnova S V , Lipatov V M , Shamanskaya E L
Published: August 2022

In the work, the spectral coefficient of the plasma-erosion torch on the glassy carbon surface was determined on the basis of the Wien violation law and the experimental determination of the brightness temperature. The possibility of using a micropyrometer to determine the spectral factor can be a plasma-erosion torch, with the help of which (spectral absorption coefficient) it is rather quick to determine the thermodynamic temperature of the plasma-erosion torch.
Fractal model of the surface roughness of laser-induced noble metal nanocluster films
Authors: Bukharov D N , Abramov A S , Nazarenko B S , Halimov N A , Eyoum Essaka S P
Published: August 2022

A fractal approach is proposed for modeling the roughness of nanocluster films obtained by laser synthesis. Models based on the mean-point algorithm, Fourier method and Brownian motion are considered. The parameter connecting the results of modeling and experiment is the Hurst exponent. The similarity of the Hurst exponents for experimental samples and model calculations makes it possible to obtain models with properties that are sufficiently adequate to real samples.
The spectral characteristics of plasma-erosion torch on the surface of carbon-bearing materials
Authors: Arakelyan S M , Gadalov A A , Galkin A F , Zhirnova S V , Shamanskaya E L
Published: August 2022

The paper obtains spectrograms of the plasma-erosion torch on the surface of the glass carbon in the air and in the vacuum, which allow us to judge the presence of certain particles and their number in the torch depending on the parameters of laser radiation. Experiments have shown that the composition of the plasma-erosion torch in air and in vacuum has a complex structure with different particles, depends on the parameters of laser radiation, which can affect the characteristics and modes of deposition of carbon films.
Tiling with 𝕹
c
_class
Authors: Mohoomed E F , Ibrahim H
Published: August 2022

This work is devoted to apply classes of nested chain abacus of tiling in finite regions. a mapping notations for generating an algorithms are presented. The mapping notations are used to move subsets of bead positions as well as empty bead positions after embedding the class of nested chain abacus in finite grid for tiling a rectangle.
f-Hollow modules
Authors: Mohammed Faten Hashim
Published: August 2022

In previous research, a concept was presented f –small submodules A submodule L of an R-module W is named f –small if L+X=W and W/X are small-singular, then X=W. In this work, we present a new concept, namely f –hollow modules, an R-module W is f-hollow if every submodule in W is an f-small submodule. This concept is an expansion of Hollow modules. Some characteristics are given in expansion to their relationship to a few of the concepts and the comparability between them is examined.
Solving Partial Differential Equations Using the New Integral Transform “Double SEE Integral Transform”
Authors: Kuffi Emad A , Mansour Eman A
Published: August 2022

The immense importance of differential equations and integral transforms in scientific fields leads to inducting the integral transforms as a solving tool for partial differential equations. The “double SEE integral transform” is a novel integral transform suggested in this research. Its properties and applicability to some functions have been studied, and the ability of the proposed transform to solve partial differential equations has been proven through a practical application.
Using Simulation to Estimate Reliability Function for Generalized Inverse Weibull Distribution
Authors: Salih Makki A. Mohammed , Noori Zainab Saddi
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we estimating three parameters (α, α, θ) of the generalized inverse Weibull distribution, and the reliability function, by using four estimation methods which are each of Moments (MOM), Modification of Moments (MM), Percentile (PER) and Maximum Likelihood estimation (MLE), the simulation technique was used to generate the random variable for this estimate. Finally, comparisons were made between the obtained results from the estimators using the mean square error. By analyzing the results, the following is revealed:

For the α parameter, it turns out that

α
^

M
M

and

α
^

M
L
E

are better than other estimators, as for the β parameter, the results were shown

β
^

P
E
R

is the best, but the results of θ parameter showed that

θ
^

M
L
E

is the best, and for estimating reliability that

R
^

M
L
E

is the best.
Approximation of Functions in Lp, Cn

(𝕏)-space
Authors: Zaboon Ali Hussein
Published: August 2022

This research focused on finding a mathematical space, extending to the Lebesgue spaces, through which it is possible to get the approximation for unbounded functions depending on the fundamental theory of approximation (Korvkein Theorem) using some linear operators Depending on the averaged modulus of smoothness of order k (τ-modulus).
Marquardt Extended Technique for Solving Unconstrained Optimization Problems
Authors: Mahmood Saad Shakir , Eidi Jaafer Hmood , Hassan Haydir Ali
Published: August 2022

The objective of this article is to solve the unconstrained optimization problem by using Marquardt method together with MQ-N (modified quasi-Newton) method. The Hessian matrix will be computed numerically by using modified Broyden-Flechert-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) update ( H-version) after convert it to the B-version by using Sherman-Morisson-Woodburge (SMW) formula which guarantee the two important properties SPD (symmetric and positive definite), and hence the exact second derivative of OF (objective function) does not be needed to compute. The line search technique is very important to accelerate the method to terminate at the minimum value of OF, so in this article the line search technique is instead by used the search technique of Marquardt method together with MQ-N method (especially modified BFGS method where the step size is equal one) to solve the unconstrained optimization problem. Test problems are solved by Matlab software to prove the effective of this new technique so called the Marquardt extended technique (MET).
The Exponentiated Gumbel Bayesian Estimation under Singly Type II Censored Data
Authors: Qasim Muslim Abudl-Sattar , Al-Dubaicy Awatif Rezzoky
Published: August 2022

In this paper, bayes estimators for the shape parameter (θ) of Exponentiated Gumbel distribution have been derived using Singly type II censored data under two priors distributions [Proposed and Chi-square] with two loss functions [Quadratic and De-Groot], and using mean squared error, a simulation study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the four different estimators in six assumption experiments for various parameter values and sample sizes
A Geometric Construction of (Ƙ, r)-cap in PG(3, q) for q prime, 2 ≤q ≤997
Authors: Khalaf Hamid Mohamed , Yahya Nada Yassen Kasm
Published: August 2022

The objective of this paper is to designing computer programs to find points, planes, and lines, as well as to find mr(3, q) for the projective space PG(3,q), when q is prime, and a geometric method for constructing of a Complete (Ƙ, r)-cap; when q is prime, 2 ≤ q ≤ 997, r = 2, and found the maximum complete (Ƙ, r)-cap, we took PG(3,17) as an example, where we found a Complete (Ƙ, r)-cap; 2 ≤ r ≤ 18. We found that the maximum complete (Ƙ, r)-cap which is called an ovaloid, exists in PG(3,17) when Ƙ = 67. Moreover the complete (Ƙ,3)-caps, (Ƙ,4)-caps, (Ƙ,5)-caps, (Ƙ,6)-caps, (Ƙ,7)-caps, (Ƙ,8)-caps, (Ƙ,9)-caps, (Ƙ,10)-caps, (Ƙ,11)-caps, (Ƙ,12)-caps, (Ƙ,13)-caps, (Ƙ,14)-caps, (Ƙ,15)-caps, (Ƙ,16)-caps, (Ƙ,17)-cap and (Ƙ,18)-caps in PG(3,17).