bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitudes and practices on influenza vaccine during pregnancy in Quito, Ecuador
Authors: Erazo Carlos E. , Erazo Carlos V. , Grijalva Mario J. , Moncayo Ana L.
Published: August 2020

Background: Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent infection and severe outcomes caused by influenza viruses in pregnant women and their children. In Ecuador, the coverage of seasonal influenza vaccination in pregnant women is low. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of pregnant women toward influenza vaccination in Quito-Ecuador.Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled 842 women who delivered at three main public gynecological-obstetric units of the Metropolitan District of Quito. A questionnaire regarding demographics, antenatal care, risk conditions and knowledge, attitudes and practices related to influenza vaccination was administered. We examined factors associated with vaccination using log-binomial regression models.Results: A low vaccination rate (36.6%) against influenza was observed among pregnant women. The factors associated with vaccination included the recommendations from health providers (adjusted PR: 15.84; CI 95% 9.62-26.10), belief in the safety of the influenza vaccine (adjusted PR: 1.53; CI 95% 1.03-2.37) and antenatal care (adjusted PR: 1.21; CI 95% 1.01-1.47). The most common reasons for not vaccinating included the lack of recommendation from health care providers (73.9%) and lack of access to vaccine (9.0%).Conclusions: Health educational programs aimed to pregnant women and antenatal care providers have the most potential to increase influenza vaccination rates. Further studies are needed to understand the barriers of health care providers regarding influenza vaccination in Ecuador.
Long-term Outcomes of Intervention between Open Repair and Endovascular Aortic Repair for Descending Aortic Syndrome: A Propensity-Matched Analysis
Authors: Son Shin-Ah , Jung Hanna , Cho Joon Yong
Published: August 2020

Background
The long-term complication rates of open repair and thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) have not yet been determined. Therefore, this study aimed to compare long-term outcomes and aortic reintervention rates between open repair and TEVAR in patients with descending thoracic aortic diseases.
Methods
Between January 2002 and December 2017, 230 patients with descending thoracic aortic disease underwent surgery. Among them, 45 patients underwent open repair and 91 underwent TEVAR treatment at Kyungpook National University Hospital. The primary end points were in-hospital mortality, and short-term complications. The secondary end points were long-term mortality and reintervention rates. Based on the propensity score matching, 35 patients who underwent open repair were matched to 35 patients who underwent TEVAR (ratio = 1:1).
Results
The mean follow-up period was 70.2 ± 51.9 months. Shorter intensive care unit and hospital stay were seen in the TEVAR group than in the open repair group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). However, in-hospital mortality, and spinal cord ischemia were not significantly different among the two groups (p = 0.068 and p = 0.211 before matching, p = 0.303 and p = 0.314 after matching, respectively). The cumulative all-cause death and aorta-related death showed no significant difference (p = 0.709 and p = 0.734 before matching, p = 0.888 and p = 0.731 after matching, respectively). However, aortic reintervention rates were higher in the TEVAR group than in the open repair group before and after propensity score matching (p = 0.006 and p = 0.013, respectively).
Conclusion
The TEVAR group was superior in short-term recovery results but had higher reintervention rates compared to the open repair group. However, there was no significant differences between the groups in long-term survival.
Synchronous or sequential cementless bilateral total hip arthroplasty for osseous ankylosed hips with ankylosing spondylitis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mou Ping , Zeng Nan Wei , Chen Yu , Zhou Zongke
Published: August 2020

Purpose
cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) for bilateral osseous ankylosed hips with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a challenging procedure. No literature compares the clinical outcomes of synchronous and sequential bilateral THA of these special patients.
Methods
23 patients (46 hips) were retrospectively analyzed and classified into receiving bilateral THA synchronously (group A) and receiving bilateral THA sequentially (group B). The clinical measurement, radiological assessments and complications were compared. Independent sample T test were used for data analysis.
Results
Harris Hip Scores (HHS) improved greatly for both groups (P = 0.58) as well as the range of motion (P = 0.64). But group B can realize shorter time (3.6 ± 1.2 days) to walk for the first time postoperatively (P = 0.02). The group A need more blood transfusions (P = 0.028). For group A, no statistic difference was found in bilateral inclination of cup (IC) (P = 0.48) and femoral offset (FO) (P = 0.07). For group B, no statistic difference was observed in bilateral IC (P = 0.37) but in bilateral FO (P = 0.04). The group A showed fewer difference of bilateral IC (P = 0.02), while comparative measurements for two groups in the difference of bilateral FO (P = 0.78) and leg length discrepancy (P = 0.83). For group A, one patient encountered femoral fracture intraoperatively and one patient encountered hip dislocation and delay union of wound as well as three hips encountering heterotopic ossification (HO). For group B, only three hips encountered HO.
Conclusion
Cementless bilateral THA was a safe and effective technique to improve hip function for patients diagnosed with osseous ankylosed hip due to AS. Synchronous bilateral THA can realize good clinical outcomes and more superior radiographic evaluation compared to sequential bilateral THA.
Effect of vitamin A on intestinal mucosal injury in pediatric patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and chemotherapy: a quasai-randomized trial
Authors: Pattanakitsakul Ploy , Chongviriyaphan Nalinee , Pakakasama Samart , Apiwattanakul Nopporn
Published: August 2020

Objective
Vitamin A is involved in maintenance of gut mucosal integrity and normal immune function. However, it is unclear whether these functions of vitamin A have any beneficial effects in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In this study, we aimed to examine the potential protective effect of vitamin A supplementation on gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal integrity in HSCT recipients using plasma citrulline as a surrogate marker of intestinal integrity.
Results
We performed a quasi-randomized trial in 30 pediatric patients undergoing HSCT. Half (n = 15) of the patients received a single high dose of vitamin A (200,000 IU) before the conditioning regimen was given, and half (n = 15) did not. Clinical data of patients who developed post-transplant complications were recorded for 60 days after HSCT. There were no significant differences in mean plasma citrulline levels on day 7 after HSCT between the treatment and control groups (5.8 vs. 5.9 µmol/L, respectively). The incidence of mucositis and other complications were not different between the two groups within 60 days of HSCT. Vitamin A supplementation prior to HSCT in pediatric patients had no clinical benefit in protecting GI mucosal integrity.
Consequences of traditional management in the production and quality of copal resin (Bursera bipinnata (Moc. & Sessé ex DC.) Engl.) in Mexico
Authors: Abad-Fitz Itzel , Maldonado-Almanza Belinda , Aguilar-Dorantes Karla María , Sánchez-Méndez Luis , Gómez-Caudillo Leopoldo , Casas Alejandro , Blancas José , García-Rodríguez Yolanda Magdalena , Beltrán-Rodríguez Leonardo , Sierra-Huelsz José Antonio , Cristians Sol , Moreno-Calles Ana Isabel , Torres-García Ignacio , Espinosa-García Francisco
Published: August 2020

Background Copal is a resin of ritual uses in Mexico, extracted from several species of trees of the genus Bursera. The effect of traditional management on phenotypical traits of copal trees has not been sufficiently studied. This research analyzed the traditional management and human selection on populations of Bursera bipinnata, and their influence on the quantity and quality of the resin produced by wild and managed trees.Method Management of copal were documented through semi-structured interviews and workshops. Samples of 60 trees from six wild and managed populations were selected to quantify the production of resin during two consecutive years. Fresh resin was collected to identify organic volatile compounds through gas chromatography and Principal Components Analysis (PCA); individuals were classified according to the amount and type of organic compounds produced.Results We identified management strategies from simple harvesting to seeds planting. The criteria for selecting managed trees and seeds are based on the quantity and quality of the resin produced and on higher quantity of resin yield per tree, which were much higher in managed than in wild trees: 190.17 ± 329.04 g vs 29.55 ± 25.50 g, and 175.88 ± 179.29 g vs 63.05 ± 53.25 g for the production seasons of 2017 and 2018, respectively. Twenty organic volatile compounds were identified and the PCA showed that managed trees produce higher percentages of compounds associated with scent.Conclusion Traditional management of Bursera bipinnata involves selective pressures, which generate differentiation of wild and managed trees that may represent incipient domestication through of silvicultural management.
The Type VI Secretion System of Xanthomonas Phaseoli pv. Manihotis is Involved in Virulence and in vitro Motility
Authors: Benavides Nathaly Andrea Montenegro , Borrero Alejandro Alvarez , Ortiz Mario Luis Arrieta , Rodriguez-R. Luis Miguel , Rozo David Octavio Botero , R. Javier Felipe Tabima , Mosos Luisa Fernanda Castiblanco , Beltran Cesar Trujillo , Restrepo Silvia Restrepo , Bernal Adriana
Published: August 2020

Background: The type VI protein secretion system (T6SS) is important in diverse cellular processes in Gram-negative bacteria, including interactions with other bacteria and with eukaryotic hosts. In this study we analyze the evolution of the T6SS in the genus Xanthomonas and evaluate its importance of the T6SS for virulence and in vitro motility in Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis (Xpm), the causal agent of bacterial blight in cassava (Manihot esculenta). We delineate the organization of the T6SS gene clusters in Xanthomonas and then characterize proteins of this secretion system in Xpm strain CIO151. Results: We describe the presence of three different clusters in the genus Xanthomonas that vary in their organization and degree of synteny between species. Using a gene knockout mutagenesis, we also found that vgrG and hcp are required for maximal aggressiveness of Xpm on cassava plants while clpV is important for both motility and maximal aggressiveness. Conclusion: We characterized the T6SS in 15 different strains in Xanthomonas and our phylogenetic analyses suggest that the T6SS might have been acquired by a very ancient event of horizontal gene transfer and maintained through evolution, hinting at their importance for the adaptation of Xanthomonas to their hosts. Finally, we demonstrated that the T6SS of Xpm is functional, and significantly contributes to virulence and motility. This is the first experimental study that demonstrates the role of the T6SS in the Xpm-cassava interaction and the T6SS organization in the genus Xanthomonas.
Patterns and trends of hospital mortality due to non-communicable diseases and injuries in Tanzania: a 10- year retrospective analysis
Authors: Mboera Leonard E.G. , Kishamawe Coleman , Rumisha Susan F. , Chiduo Mercy G. , Kimario Evord
Published: August 2020

Background: Globally, non-communicable diseases (NCD) kill about 40 million people annually, with about three-quarters of the deaths occurring in low and middle-income countries. This study was carried out to determine the patterns, trends, and causes of non-communicable disease mortality in hospitals of Tanzania from 2006-2015.Methods: This retrospective study involved primary, secondary, tertiary, and specialized hospitals in Tanzania. Death statistics were extracted from inpatient department registers, death registers, and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) report forms. Variables collected were deceased’s age, sex, cause and date of death. The ICD-10 coding system was used to assign each death to its underlying cause. Data were analysed using STATA version 14. Results: A total of 247,976 deaths were reported during the 10 years (2006–2015) in 39 hospitals. Of the total deaths, 67,711 (27.3%) were due to non-communicable diseases (NCD) and injuries. Cardio-circulatory diseases (31.9%), cancers (18.6%), chronic respiratory diseases (18.4%), and injuries (17.9%) accounted for the largest proportion (86.8%) of deaths due to NCDs. The majority (57.6%) of deaths due to NCD occurred among males. Overall, the total deaths from NCDs increased by 153.3% from 4,298 in 2006 to 10,886 in 2015. The age group 15-59 years (53.4%) was the most affected category. The overall 10-year annual age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) for all NCDs and injuries was 235.2 per 100,0000 population. It was higher for males (287.2/100,000) than for females (186.7/100,000). The annual ASMR increased from 11.9 in 2006 to 36.5 per 100,000 populations in 2015. Most of the NCD deaths occurred in the secondary (40.0%) and primary level hospitals (27.8%). There were variations in the type of non-communicable diseases by geographical distributions. Conclusions: There was a substantial increase in ASMR due to NCDs and injuries in Tanzania from 2006 to 2015. Most of the deaths due to NCD and injuries affected the productive young adult group and males. The burden caused by NCD in the most productive ages means that families, communities, and the nation at large suffer from premature deaths. The government of Tanzania must invest in early detection and timely treatment of NCDs to reduce premature deaths.
Association Between Dietary Diabetes Risk Reduction Score and Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Authors: Mirmiran Parvin , Ramezan Marjan , Farhadnejad Hossein , Asghari Golaleh , Tahmasebinejad Zhaleh , Azizi Fereidoun
Published: August 2020

Background: To examine the association of dietary diabetes risk reduction score (DDRRS) with chronic kidney disease (CKD) among an Iranian population.Methods: We followed-up 2076 ≥ 20 years old participants of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2006-2008), who were initially free of CKD for 5.98 years. Dietary diabetes risk reduction score was calculated on the basis of scoring eight components using a valid and reliable 168-item food frequency questionnaire. CKD was deﬁned as eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m2.A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to assess association between the quartiles of DDRRS and incidence of CKD.Results: Mean±SD age of the study population (53% women) was 37.6±12.61 years. A total of 357 incident cases of CKD were reported. The median (25-75 interquartile range) of DDRRS was 20 (18-22). After adjustment for age, sex, smoking status, total energy intake, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, eGFR, and physical activity, individuals in the highest versus lowest quartile of DDRRS were 33% less likely to have CKD (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.48-0.96, P for trend: 0.043).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that higher adherence to the DDRRS-style diet can decrease the risk of incident CKD in adult population.
Photosynthates Predominantly Symplasmic Phloem Unloading Maintained the Efficient Biomass Accumulation in Storage Root of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz)
Authors: Pan Kun , Lu Cheng , Nie Peixian , Hu Meizhen , Zhou Xincheng , Chen Xin , Wang Wenquan
Published: August 2020

Background: It is well known that cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) high efficient accumulates starch in its storage root underground, but how the photosynthates transported from leaves to the phloem, especially unloaded into the parenchymal cell of storage root remains unclear.Methods: Here, we investigated the phloem unloading pattern of sucrose and its impact to the development of storage root in cassava through microstructural and physiological analyses, trace of carboxyfluorescein (CF) and Isotope C14. Identification of expression profiling of the genes involved in symplasmic and apoplasmic transport and their correlation with storage root yield in population by enzymatic activity, western blotting analysis and Transcriptome Sequencing.Results: The carbohydrates are transported mainly as form of sucrose with above 54.6% measured with stem phloem instantly. The sucrose was predominantly symplasmic unloading from phloem into storage root, but there was a shift from apoplasmic to symplasmic unloading accompanied by the onset of root swelling. Microstructure statistics revealed the plasmodesmata enriched among sieve, companion and parenchyma cells in the developing storage root of cultivated variety but not in a wild ancestor. Tracing test with CF verified exist of coplastid channel and [14C]Suc demonstrated that the sucrose marked could rapid diffusion into root parenchyma cells from phloem cells. The higher expression of genes and proteins for SuSys in storage root at middle and late stage but not in early stage of storage root, primary fibrous root and second fibrous root, and the inversely expressed pattern of SUTs, CWI and SAI in these corresponding organs supported that there are a symplasmic sucrose unloading pathway. The transcriptomic pattern of genes involved in symplasmic unloading and their significantly positive correction with starch yielding in population level confirmed it is vital important that the symplasmic sucrose transport in developing storage root of cassava. Conclusions: In the study, we uncovered a predominantly symplasmic phloem unloading pattern of sucrose in the storage root of cassava. And this advantage is essential to efficient starch accumulation for sucrose transports between a high yield variety to low yield wild ancestor.
The dual HDAC-PI3K inhibitor CUDC-907 displays single-agent activity and synergizes with PARP inhibitor olaparib in Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ma Liying , Bian Xing , Lin Wenchu
Published: August 2020

Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a deadly neuroendocrine tumor with limited therapeutic options. Recent data suggest that histone deacetylases (HDACs) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway play essential roles in SCLC cell proliferation and survival.Methods: The inhibition of the PI3K signaling and HDAC activity by CUDC-907 was analysized by western bloting. The effect of CUDC-907 on olaprib-induced DNA damage response was assessed by western blotting and Immunofluorescence staining. The cytotoxcity of CUDC-907 alone or in combination with olaparib in a panel of SCLC cell lines were evaluated by the CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay and flow cytometry. The in vivo effects of CUDC-907 and Olaparib alone or in combination were examined using a patient-derived xenografts (PDX) model of SCLC.Results: CUDC-907 treatment downregulated MYC paralogs and FOXM1, induced G1 cell-cycle arrest, and impaired DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair capacity in SCLC cells, which produced a potent antiproliferative effect. Furthermore, we showed that CUDC-907 treatment enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of PARP inhibitor olaparib in SCLC cellular models and a PDX model. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that CUDC-907 synergized with olaparib through the blockade of DSB repair pathways and downregulation of MYC paralogs and FoxM1.Conclusions: Our study uncovers that dual PI3K and HDAC inhibition by CUDC-907 exerts significant single-agent activity and strong synergistic effects with PARP inhibitor olaparib in SCLC, which thus provides a rational combination treatment strategy for SCLC clinical investigation.
Evaluation of the frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms and liver test disorder in patients during the Covid-19 outbreak in the Military Unit: A single-center pilot study.
Authors: Avci Enver , Akhan Onur , Ardahanli Isa , oztas Erkin , Disibeyaz Selcuk
Published: August 2020

BackgroundAlthough Covid-19 is often a disease presenting with respiratory symptoms, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms can also be seen. Also, there may be disruptions in liver enzyme during the disease. In our study, we aimed to investigate the extent of the military co-epidemic during the Covid-19 epidemic process and the frequency of GI symptoms and liver test disorders.MethodsThe demographic, radiological, laboratory, and clinical analysis of the soldiers diagnosed Covid-19 with real-time polymerase chain reaction, was carried out retrospectively in March, April, and May of 2020.ResultsCovid-19 was detected in 17 (0.7%) of the 2152 soldiers coming from different cities to perform their military service, in the following days after being recruited, in 9 (0.4%) of the soldiers. While 1 (0.3%) of 320 senior military and 2 (3.6%) soldiers from 56 other soldiers who came to the unit from other units were also diagnosed with Covid-19.The mean age was 21.2 ± 1.8. In Torax CT, only 4 (13.7%) patients had pneumonia. At the time of diagnosis, 6.8% of the patients had GI symptoms and 13.7% of them had liver enzyme disruption. None of the patients experienced respiratory failure, intensive care, and death, and all patients recovered.Conclusion﻿In the literature, our study is the first study to investigate the Covid-19 outbreak in the military unit in the world and the frequency of GI symptoms and liver enzyme disruptions in these patients. In our study, Covid-19 was milder in the young population and we found that GI symptom and liver test disorder were observed less frequently. Covid-19 outbreak can be taken under control by fast and accurate triage and suitable isolation for those with suspected disease, in environments where many people such as military units will live close together. Especially in patients with GI symptoms, Covid-19 should always be kept in mind and early isolation of patients can prevent the spread of the epidemic in such crowded environments.
Efficacy Study of Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Single-bundle Reconstruction with Anterior Half of the Peroneus Longus Tendon Autograft for Treatment of Recurrent Patellar Dislocation
Authors: Zha Junjun , Zhang Tianwei , Cai E , Tang Ju
Published: August 2020

Background To report the clinical outcomes of a longitudinal patellar tunnel technique in reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament(MPFL) with anterior half of the peroneus longus tendon autograft treatment of recurrent patellar dislocation.Methods From May 2010 to January 2019, we performed MPFL reconstruction with anterior half of the peroneus longus tendon autograft by using a longitudinal patellar tunnel technique on 48 knees in 45 patients(26 female, 19 male) with the median age was 24 (17 ~ 44) years old with recurrent patellar dislocation. We made one 4. 5 mm channel from the medial upper edge of the patella to the surface (medial half) of the patella so that to introduce autograft into the medial femoral channel. The autograft was fixed with absorbable screws with the knee bent at 30°. CT and X-rays were used to assess the correction of the tibia tuberosity- trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance, patellar tilt angle, Caton-Deschamps index, femoral anteversion angle, tibial extorsion angle, and the presence or absence of knee valgus. Subjective scores, such as Kujala score and Lysholm score, were used to evaluate knee function preoperatively and postoperatively.Results No recurrence of patellar dislocation occurred in these patients during an average of 25 ± 7.6 months (range, 6 to 54 months) of follow-up. Preoperative TT-TG distance, patellar tilt angles, and Caton-Deschamps index was (18.9 ± 5.7)mm(10.2mm ~ 32.4 mm),31.5°±13.7° (20.3°~58.4°),1.1 ± 0.2 (1.0 ~ 1.5), respectively, which were corrected by (10.8 ± 4.3) mm (4.5 mm ~ 17.1 mm), 10.7°±2.6° (5.6°~15.3°), and 1.07 ± 0.06 (1.02 ~ 1.15) postoperatively(P < 0.05). 28 knees were treated with lateral release + MPFL reconstruction; 11 knees were treated with lateral release + tibial tubercle ingression + MPFL reconstruction; 9 knees were treated with lateral release + tibial tubercle ingression and depression + MPFL reconstruction. At the last follow-up, Lysholm score was (89.7 ± 2.3), which significantly improved (P < 0.05) compared with the pre-operational score of (54.4 ± 5.9); Kujala score was (91.5 ± 4.4) points, which significantly improved (P < 0.05) compared with the pre-operational score of (60.6 ± 5.8).Conclusion One patellar tunnels in reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) with anterior half of the peroneus longus tendon autograft is a safe, effective, and economic method for recurrent patellar dislocation.
Numerical study on the influence of initial ambient temperature on the aerodynamic heating in the tube train system
Authors: Bao Shijie , Hu Xiao , Wang Jukun , Rao Yingyu , Deng Zigang
Published: August 2020

The evacuated tube transportation has great potential in the future because of its advantages of energy saving and environmental protection. The train runs in the closed tube at ultra-high speed. Because the heat quantity generated by aerodynamic heating is not easy to spread to external environment and will be accumulate in the tube, the phenomenon that the ambient temperature in the tube will gradually rise will be induced. In this paper, a three-dimensional geometric model and the Shear Stress Transport (SST) κ-ω turbulence model are used to study the influence of initial ambient temperature on the structure of the flow field in the tube. Simulation results show that when the train runs at transonic speed, the supersonic flow region with low temperature and low-pressure is produced in the wake. The structure of the flow field of the wake will change with the initial ambient temperature. And the higher the initial ambient temperature, the shorter the low temperature region in the wake. Considering that the larger temperature difference caused by the low temperature region may increase the temperature stress of the tube and affect the equipment inside the tube. Consequently, the temperature inside the tube can be maintained at a reasonable value to reduce the influence of the low temperature region in the wake on the system.
Hemodynamic Effects of Concentric and Eccentric Outflow Graft of LVADs on the Aortic Valve
Authors: Song Zhiming , Zhang Lufeng , Ding Yagang , Wan Qing , Feng Yunzhen , Wang Heqing , Fan Guoliang , Zhang Yangyang , Wan Feng
Published: August 2020

Background: Aortic valve disease is a common complication of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support. Optimizing the outflow graft anastomotic type of LVADs might be an alternative that can reduce this complication. However, the effect of this type of LVAD on the biomechanical states of the aortic valve remains unclear.Methods: In this study, a finite element-smoothed particle hydrodynamics-coupled model was established. Two kinds of anastomotic types (concentric and eccentric graft cases) were designed.Results: The anastomotic type could significantly affect the biomechanical states of the aortic valve. During the opening phase, the motion, deformation, and biomechanical states of the leaflet in both cases were similar to each other. The axial hemodynamic force (AHF) imposed on the leaflet in the eccentric graft case (0.9 N) was slightly larger than that in the concentric graft case (0.3 N). During the closing phase, the rapid closing time of the leaflet in the eccentric graft case (40 ms) was longer than that in the concentric graft case (15 ms). In addition, the peak value of the AHF in the concentric graft case was much larger (13 N) than that in the eccentric graft case (4.5 N). The oscillation of the AHF was observed only in the concentric graft case.Conclusions: The eccentric graft could lead to better biomechanical and hemodynamic states of the aortic valve than the concentric graft.
Effects of trees, gardens, and trails on heat index and child health: Design and methods of the Green Schoolyards Project
Authors: Lanza Kevin , Alcazar Melody , Hoelscher Deanna M. , Kohl III Harold W.
Published: August 2020

Background: Low-income Latinx children in the United States are vulnerable to nature-deficit disorder, heat-related illness, and physical inactivity. We developed the Green Schoolyards Project to investigate how green features—trees, gardens, and nature trails—in school parks impact heat index (i.e., air temperature and relative humidity) within parks, and physical activity levels and socioemotional well-being of these children. Herein, we present baseline results of this project and its novel methods for a) observing children’s interaction with green features and b) measuring heat index and children’s behaviors in a natural setting.Methods: During two September weeks (high temperature) and one November week (moderate temperature) in 2019, we examined three joint-use elementary school parks in Central Texas, United States, serving predominantly low-income Latinx families. To develop thermal profiles for each park, we installed 10 air temperature/relative humidity sensors per park, selecting sites based on land cover, land use, and even spatial coverage. We measured green features within a geographic information system. In a cross-sectional study, we used an adapted version of System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) to assess children’s physical activity levels and interactions with green features. In a cohort study, we equipped 30 3rd and 30 4th grade students per school during recess with accelerometers and Global Positioning System devices, and surveyed these students regarding their connection to nature. Baseline analyses included inverse distance weighting for thermal profiles and summing observed counts of children interacting with trees.Results: In September 2019, average daily heat index ranged 2.0°F among park sites, and maximum daily heat index ranged from 103.4°F (air temperature = 33.8°C; relative humidity = 55.2%) under tree canopy to 114.1°F (air temperature = 37.9°C; relative humidity = 45.2%) on an unshaded playground. 10.8% more girls and 25.4% more boys interacted with trees in September than in November.Conclusions: We found extreme heat conditions at select sites within parks, and children positioning themselves under trees during periods of high heat index. These methods can be used by public health researchers and practitioners to inform the redesign of greenspaces in the face of climate change and health inequities.
Investigating the Associations Between Intimate Partner Violence and Nutritional Status of Women in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mukamana Jeanette , Machakanja Pamela , Zeeb Hajo , Yaya Sanni , Adjei Nicholas
Published: August 2020

Background

Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women and poor nutritional status are growing health problems in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Moreover, violence against women has been shown to be associated with poor nutrition. This study investigated the relationship between IPV and nutritional status (i.e., underweight, overweight, and obesity) among women of reproductive age (15–49 years) in Zimbabwe.
Methods

Pooled data from the 2005/2006, 2010/2011, and 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic Health Surveys (ZDHS) on 13,008 married/cohabiting women were analysed. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between the various forms of IPV and the nutritional status of women. We further estimated the prevalence of BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 (overweight and obesity) by intimate partner violence type.
Results

The mean BMI of women was 24.3 kg/m2, more than one-fifth (24%) were overweight and about 12% were obese. Forty-three percent (43%) of women reported to have ever experienced at least one form of intimate partner violence. More than one-third (35%) of women who reported to have ever experienced at least one form of intimate partner violence had a BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 (p < 0.01). Relative to normal weight, women who had ever experienced at least one form of IPV (i.e., physical, emotional, or sexual) were more likely to be obese (aOR = 2.59; 95% CI = 1.05–6.39). Women’s exposure to any form of intimate partner violence was not significantly associated with the likelihood of being underweight or overweight relative to normal weight.
Conclusions

The study findings showed that women of reproductive age in Zimbabwe are at high risk of both IPV and excess weight. Moreover, we found a positive relationship between IPV and obesity. Public health interventions that target the well-being, empowerment, and development of women are needed to address the complex issue of IPV and adverse health outcomes, including obesity.
Diameter and collapse index of inferior vena cava as a clinical indicator of resuscitation for critically ill hypotensive patients
Authors: Mun Seongpyo
Published: August 2020

Purpose The role of diameter and collapse index of inferior vena cava (DCIIVC) in reflecting intravascular volume status and fluid responsiveness remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of DCIIVC as a clinical indicator for fluid resuscitation (FR) in critically ill hypotensive patients.Methods This retrospective study enrolled hypotensive patients admitted to the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) between May 2018 and April 2019. Between May and October 2018, fluid therapy was conducted by a physician’s decision (non-DCIIVC group, 32 patients). Between November 2018 and April 2019, DCIIVC was used as a guide (DCIIVC group, 30 patients). Clinical outcomes of the two periods were compared.Results Total amount of fluid intake (TAFI) of non-DCIIVC and DCIIVC group in 24 h was 4,130 and 3,560, respectively (p < 0.05). TAFI in 48 h was 8,420 and 6,910, respectively (p < 0.01). Lactate levels at admission, 24 and 48 h after admission were 4.1 vs 3.8, 3.2 vs 3.1, and 1.9 vs 2.1 mmol/L, respectively. Mean duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay, and hospital stay were 4.1 vs 4.5, 7.2 vs 6.3, and 18.1 vs 17.2, respectively. Overall mortality was 16.7% vs 13.3%. There was no significant difference in any other characteristic except TAFI.Conclusion DCIIVC can be used as a tool for indicating FR in critically ill hypotensive patients. This can help physicians infuse fluid restrictively, without adverse outcomes.
Efficiency of an integrated process of electrooxidation and anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge
Authors: Barrios José Antonio , Cano Anaid , Rivera Fernando F. , Cisneros Margarita E. , Durán Ulises
Published: August 2020

Background
Most of the organic content of waste activated sludge (WAS) comprises microbial cells hard to degrade, which must be pre-treated for the energy recovery by anaerobic digestion (AD). Electrooxidation pre-treatment (EOP) with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode have been considered a promising novel technology that increase hydrolysis rate, by the disintegrating cell walls from WAS. Although electrochemical oxidation could efficiently solubilise organic substances of macromolecules, limited reports are available on EOP of WAS for improving AD. In this endeavour, the mathematical optimization study and the energy analysis of the effect of current density (CD) during EOP and the initial total solids concentration [TS] from WAS on methane (CH4) production by AD was investigated.
Results
In the present work, biogas production from WAS conversion are comprehensively affected by CD and [TS]. The highest COD and VS removal by 60 and 39% respectively, were achieved with WAS at 3% of [TS] pre-treated at CD of 24.1 mA/cm2, and with a maximum CH4 production of 305 N-L/kg VS and a positive energy balance of 0.83 kWh/kg VS. Therefore, the low current densities used in boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode are adequate to produce the strong oxidant ●OH radical on the electrode surface, allow the oxidation of organic compounds that favours the solubilization of COD from WAS.
Conclusions
The improvement of VS removal indicates that EOP help to disintegrating cell walls from WAS. This allows a decomposition reaction that leads to biodegrade more compounds during AD. The energy balance was positive, suggesting that even without any optimization the energy used as electricity could be approximately recovered as energy from the increased methane production. However, this kind of analysis have not been sufficiently studied so far, therefore, is important to understand how critical parameters can influence the pre-treatment and AD performances. The current study highlights that the mathematical optimization and energy analysis can get the whole process more convenient and feasible.
HLA-DR regulates macrophage phenotypic transformation and affects malignant behavior in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Jiang Fen , Xie Yu Fang , Liang Wei Hua , Zhang Hai Jun , Wang Xue Li , Liu Ji Hong , Liu Kai , Jiang Xian Li , Jiang Chen Hao , Yuan Xin , Zhang An Zhi , Pang Li Juan , Cui Xiao Bin , Yang Lan , Liu Chun Xia , Gu Wen Yi , Li Feng , Hu Jian Ming
Published: August 2020

Background Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important immune cell component of the tumor microenvironment. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of TAMs phenotype transformation and the role in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).Methods Co-culture conditions were employed to determine the phenotypic effects of TAMs on ESCC cell biological behavior. Tumor metastasis related molecules VEGF-C and MMP-9 produced by TAMs was evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blot. Expression of HLA-DR was knocked down in TAMs in vitro to determine the effects on macrophage polarization and the biological behavior of ESCC. We determined whether co-injection with M2 TAMs and macrophages depletion affected tumor growth in vivo tumor challenge model. Associations between HLA-DR, TAM density, and clinical outcomes were evaluated in patients with ESCC.Results TAMs in ESCC samples were found to closely reflect the M2 phenotype of TAMs, and exhibited low expression of HLA-DR. Which was involved in ESCC tumor invasion and metastasis. Low expression of HLA-DR positively correlated with high-density of M2 TAMs, indicating high invasiveness and poor prognosis in patients with ESCC. Downregulation of HLA-DR in TAMs led to additional M2-type TAM polarization and more VEGF-C and MMP-9 secretion, promoted the malignant transformation of ESCC.Conclusions These results demonstrate that downregulation of HLA-DR promote the transformation of M2 TAMs, and participate in the invasion and metastasis of ESCC.
NUSAP1 and KIAA0101 downregulation by neo-adjuvant therapy is associated with better outcome and survival in breast cancer.
Authors: Magallanes-Garza Gerardo I. , Santuario-Facio Sandra K. , Varela-Varela Arlina F. , Cardona-Huerta Servando , Ruiz-Flores Pablo , Haro-Santa-Cruz Jorge , Perez-Paramo Yadira X. , Gomez-Macias Gabriela S. , Davila-Gonzalez Daniel , Valero-Gomez Javier , Borreo-Soto Gissela , Rojas-Martinez Augusto , Ortiz-Lopez Rocio
Published: August 2020

Background: Studies of molecular changes occurring before and after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) for breast cancer may unveil genetic biomarkers to predict therapy response. This study aimed at identifying genomic changes in breast primary tumors of patients under NCT. Gene expression changes were correlated with pathological response and survival.Methods: Gene expression profiles in tissue samples from pre and post NCT were obtained by a non-supervised classification analysis. Thirty-nine patients were classified according to their response to the chemotherapy as pathologic complete responders or non-responders (pCR and no-pCR, respectively). Overall survival was assessed by comparing gene expression values before NCT using the Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. Results: A signature constituted by 43 genes was obtained to stratify pCR and no-pCR patients after NCT (FC = + 3, FDR p -value < 0.0298). These genes were involved in regulation of the mitotic nuclear division and the anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process. Remarkably, over-expression of NUSAP1 and KIAA0101 were associated to poor overall survival. Conclusions: A new expression signature evaluating response for the neo-adjuvant chemotherapy stratified pathological response. The expression levels of NUSAP1 and KIAA0101 before and after the neo-adjuvant therapy may be useful to predict overall survival.
Relationship of common variants in WWOX gene with susceptibility and prognosis of Prostate cancer
Authors: Chen Song , Tang Yuzhe , Xiao Bo , Hu Weiguo , Wang Qiang , Liu Yubao , Su Boxing , Fu Meng , Li Jianxing
Published: August 2020

Background

The aim of the study was to determine the expression of WW domain containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) and to evaluate the correlation of WWOX expression and patients survival.
Methods

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was applied to detect the WWOX expression. Chi-square test was adopted to evaluate the relationship between WWOX expression and clinical features of PCa patients. In addition, Kaplan-Meier curve was made to estimate the survival rate of PCa patients. Multivariate analysis was performed to assess the statistical significance between WWOX expression and prognosis of PCa patients.
Results

WWOX was weakly expressed in PCa tissues compared to the paired normal tissues by IHC. WWOX expression was tightly associated with Gleason score, PSA and clinical staging (P < 0.05), but has no relationship with age, tumor column, distant metastasis and ALP (P > 0.05). Survival curve demonstrated that patients with negative WWOX expression had lower survival rate. Finally, Cox analysis illustrated that WWOX was related with the prognosis of PCa patients (P = 0.001, HR = 4.605, 95% CI = 1.814–11.690).
Conclusion

In short, the present study showed strong evidence that WWOX could act as an indicator for prognosis of PCa patients.
Neural stemness contributes to cell tumorigenicity
Authors: Xu Liyang , Zhang Min , Shi Lihua , Yang Xiaoli , Chen Lu , Cao Ning , Lei Anhua , Cao Ying
Published: August 2020

Background
Previous studies demonstrated the dependence of cancer on nerve. Recently, a growing number of studies reveal that cancer cells share the property and regulatory network with neural stem/progenitor cells. However, relationship between the property of neural stemness and cell tumorigenicity is unknown.
Results
We show that neural stem/progenitor cells, but not non-neural embryonic or somatic stem/progenitor cell types, exhibit tumorigenicity and the potential for differentiation into tissue types of all germ layers when they are placed in non-native environment by transplantation into immunodeficient nude mice. Likewise, cancer cells capable of tumor initiation have the property of neural stemness because of their abilities in neurosphere formation in neural stem cell-specific serum-free medium and in differentiation potential, in addition to their neuronal differentiation potential that was characterized previously. Moreover, loss of a pro-differentiation factor in myoblasts, which have no tumorigenicity, lead to the loss of myoblast identity, and gain of the property of neural stemness, tumorigenicity and potential for re-differentiation. These suggest that the property of neural stemness contributes to cell tumorigenicity, and tumor phenotypic heterogeneity might be an effect of differentiation potential of neural stemness. Bioinformatic analysis reveals that neural genes in general are correlated with embryonic development and cancer, in addition to their role in neural development; whereas non-neural genes are not. Most of neural specific genes emerged in typical species representing transition from unicellularity to multicellularity during evolution. Genes in Monosiga brevicollis, a unicellular species that is a closest known relative of metazoans, are biased toward neural cells.
Conclusions
We suggest that the property of neural stemness is the source of cell tumorigenicity. This is due to that neural biased unicellular state is the ground state for multicellularity and hence cell type diversification or differentiation during evolution, and tumorigenesis is a process of restoration of neural ground state in somatic cells along a default route that is pre-determined by an evolutionary advantage of neural state.
Neurotoxic Zanthoxylum chalybeum root constituents invoke mosquito larval growth retardation through ecdysteroidogenic CYP450s transcriptional perturbations
Authors: Muema Jackson Mbithi , Bargul Joel L. , Mutunga James M. , Obonyo Meshack A. , Asudi George O. , Njeru Sospeter N.
Published: August 2020

Background: Intracellular effects exerted by phytochemicals eliciting insect growth-reducing responses during vector control intervention remain largely underexplored. We studied the effects of Zanthoxylum chalybeum Engl. (Rutaceae) (ZCE) root derivatives against malaria (Anopheles gambiae) and arbovirus vector (Aedes aegypti) larvae to decipher possible molecular targets. Results: We report dose-dependent biphasic effects on larval response, with transient exposure to ZCE and its bioactive fraction (ZCFr.5) inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, inducing larval lethality and growth retardation at sublethal doses. Half-maximal lethal concentrations (LC50) for ZCE and ZCFr.5 against An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti larvae after 24-h exposure were 9.00 ppm, 12.26 ppm, and 1.58 ppm, 3.21 ppm, respectively. Inhibition of AChE was potentially linked to larval toxicity afforded by 2-tridecanone, palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid), linoleic acid ((Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid), sesamin, β-caryophyllene among other compounds identified in the bioactive fraction. In addition, the phenotypic larval retardation induced by ZCE root constituents were exerted through transcriptional modulation of ecdysteroidogenic CYP450 genes. Conclusion: Collectively, these findings provide an explorative avenue for developing potential mosquito control agents from Z. chalybeum root constituents.
Short-and long-term outcomes of video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy in elderly patients with non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Yang Yang , Wang Kai , Ren Qingquan , Xu Ruibin , Guo Jianfeng
Published: August 2020

Objective This study aimed to explore the short-and long-term outcomes of video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) lobectomy in older patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods A total of 218 NSCLC patient data between January 2014 and January 2019, which included pathological, clinical, and follow-up surveys on VATS lobectomy, were retrospectively analyzed. Of the 218-patient data analyzed, a total of 77 patients were 70 years of age and older (elderly group), while a total of 141 patients were below 70 years of age (nonelderly group).Results Concerning general preoperative data, the simplified comorbidity score (SCS) and the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores were higher in the elderly patient group as compared to the nonelderly patient group. Also, elderly patients had poor pulmonary function performance as compared to their counterparts. There were, however, no significant statistical differences found with surgical data between the two groups concerning intraoperative blood loss, operation duration, and conversion to thoracotomy. None of the patients in either of the groups died within thirty days of the operation. Additionally, there were no significant statistical differences in the five-year overall survival rate and the five-year disease-free survival rate between both groups.Conclusion NSCLC treatment with VATS lobectomy is safe and feasible in elderly patients, and it can provide excellent long-term outcomes. However, it is necessary to strengthen perioperative management and promote early postoperative recovery to reduce complications.