bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel method to predict essential proteins based on tensor and HITS algorithm
Authors: Zhang Zhihong , Luo Yingchun , Hu Sai , Li Xueyong , Wang Lei , Zhao Bihai
Published: April 2020

Background

Essential proteins are an important part of the cell and closely related to the life activities of the cell. Hitherto, Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks have been adopted by many computational methods to predict essential proteins. Most of the current approaches focus mainly on the topological structure of PPI networks. However, those methods relying solely on the PPI network have low detection accuracy for essential proteins. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate the PPI network with other biological information to identify essential proteins.

Results

In this paper, we proposed a novel random walk method for identifying essential proteins, called HEPT. A three-dimensional tensor is constructed first by combining the PPI network of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with multiple biological data such as gene ontology annotations and protein domains. Then, based on the newly constructed tensor, we extended the Hyperlink-Induced Topic Search (HITS) algorithm from a two-dimensional to a three-dimensional tensor model that can be utilized to infer essential proteins. Different from existing state-of-the-art methods, the importance of proteins and the types of interactions will both contribute to the essential protein prediction. To evaluate the performance of our newly proposed HEPT method, proteins are ranked in the descending order based on their ranking scores computed by our method and other competitive methods. After that, a certain number of the ranked proteins are selected as candidates for essential proteins. According to the list of known essential proteins, the number of true essential proteins is used to judge the performance of each method. Experimental results show that our method can achieve better prediction performance in comparison with other nine state-of-the-art methods in identifying essential proteins.

Conclusions

Through analysis and experimental results, it is obvious that HEPT can be used to effectively improve the prediction accuracy of essential proteins by the use of HITS algorithm and the combination of network topology with gene ontology annotations and protein domains, which provides a new insight into multi-data source fusion.
Current state of open educational resources in the Arab region: an investigation in 22 countries
Authors: Tlili Ahmed , Jemni Mohamed , Khribi Mohamed Koutheair , Huang Ronghuai , Chang Ting-Wen , Liu Dejian
Published: April 2020

While several studies were conducted to investigate the current state of Open Educational Resources (OER) in several regions (e.g., Europe, America, Middle East and MENA), to the best of our knowledge, no study was conducted to cover the entire Arab region, specifically the twenty-two Arab countries. Therefore, to identify the OER gap in this region and then provide recommendations to facilitate OER adoption, this study investigates the current state of OER in the Arab region, specifically in twenty-two Arab countries. The obtained results showed that the OER progress is unbalanced within the Arab countries. Interestingly, several Arab countries are still lack behind when it comes to the application of OER in universities and schools. Finally, several recommendations are identified to several stakeholders, including policy makers and educators, to achieve social justice and facilitate the adoption and use of OER in the Arab region.
Prerequisites for artificial intelligence in further education: identification of drivers, barriers, and business models of educational technology companies
Authors: Renz André , Hilbig Romy
Published: April 2020

The ongoing datafication of our social reality has resulted in the emergence of new data-based business models. This development is also reflected in the education market. An increasing number of educational technology (EdTech) companies are entering the traditional education market with data-based teaching and learning solutions, and they are permanently transforming the market. However, despite the current market dynamics, there are hardly any business models that implement the possibilities of Learning Analytics (LA) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to create adaptive teaching and learning paths. This paper focuses on EdTech companies and the drivers and barriers that currently affect data-based teaching and learning paths. The results show that LA especially are integrated into the current business models of EdTech companies on three levels, which are as follows: basic Learning Analytics, Learning Analytics and algorithmic or human-based recommendations, and Learning Analytics and adaptive teaching and learning (AI based). The discourse analysis reveals a diametrical relationship between the traditional educational ideal and the futuristic idea of education and knowledge transfer. While the desire for flexibility and individualization drives the debate on AI-based learning systems, a lack of data sovereignty, uncertainty and a lack of understanding of data are holding back the development and implementation of appropriate solutions at the same time.
Prophylactic Cefazolin Dosing in Women With Body Mass Index >35 kg·m−2 Undergoing Cesarean Delivery: A Pharmacokinetic Study of Plasma and Interstitial Fluid
Authors: Eley Victoria A. , Christensen Rebecca , Ryan Rochelle , Jackson Dwane , Parker Suzanne L. , Smith Matthew , van Zundert Andre A. , Wallis Steven C. , Lipman Jeffrey , Roberts Jason A.
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND:

Obesity is a risk factor for surgical site infection after cesarean delivery. There is inadequate pharmacokinetic data available regarding prophylactic cefazolin dosing in obese pregnant women. We aimed to describe the plasma and interstitial fluid (ISF) pharmacokinetics of cefazolin in obese women undergoing elective cesarean delivery and use dosing simulations to predict optimal dosing regimens.

METHODS:

Eligible women were scheduled for elective cesarean delivery at term, with a body mass index (BMI) of >35 kg·m−2. Plasma and ISF samples were collected following 2 g of intravenous cefazolin. Concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Population pharmacokinetic modeling and Monte Carlo dosing simulations were performed using Pmetrics. Total and unbound cefazolin concentrations in plasma and ISF were compared with the minimum inhibitory concentration at which 90% of isolates are inhibited (MIC90) of cefazolin for Staphylococcus aureus, 2 mg·L−1. The fractional target attainment (FTA) of dosing regimens to achieve a pre-established target of 95% unbound ISF concentrations >2 mg·L−1 throughout a 3-hour duration of the surgery was calculated.

RESULTS:

The 12 women recruited had a median (interquartile range [IQR]) BMI of 41.5 (39.7–46.6) kg·m−2 and a median (IQR) gestation of 38.7 weeks (37.9–39.0). For each timepoint up to 180 minutes, the median across subjects of total and unbound plasma concentration of cefazolin remained above 2 mg·L−1. The minimum observed total plasma concentration was 31.7 mg·L−1 and plasma unbound concentration was 7.7 mg·L−1 (observed in the same participant). For each timepoint up to 150 minutes, the median across subjects of unbound ISF concentrations remained above 2 mg·L−1. The minimum observed unbound ISF concentration was 0.7 mg·L−1 (observed in 1 participant). In 2 participants, the ISF concentration of cefazolin was not maintained above 2 mg·L−1. The mean (± standard error [SE]) penetration of cefazolin (calculated as area under the concentration-time curve for the unbound fraction of drug [fAUC]tissue/fAUCplasma) into the ISF was 0.884 ± 1.11. Simulations demonstrated that FTA >95% was achieved in patients weighing 90–150 kg by an initial 2 g dose with redosing of 2 g at 2 hours. FTA was improved to >99% when an initial 3 g dose was repeated at 2 hours.

CONCLUSIONS:

To maintain adequate ISF antibiotic concentrations in obese pregnant women, our results suggest that redosing of cefazolin may be required. When wound closure has not occurred within 2 hours, redosing is suggested, following either a 2 or 3 g initial bolus. These preliminary results require validation in a larger population.
Ascl1is required to specify a subset of ventromedial hypothalamic neurons
Authors: Aslanpour Shaghayegh , Rosin Jessica M. , Balakrishnan Anjali , Klenin Natalia , Blot Florence , Gradwohl Gerard , Schuurmans Carol , Kurrasch Deborah M.
Published: April 2020

Despite clear physiological roles, the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) developmental programs are poorly understood. Here, we asked whether the proneural gene, Achaete-scute homolog1 (Ascl1), contributes to VMH development. Ascl1 transcripts were detected in E10.5-P0 VMH neural progenitors. The elimination of Ascl1 reduced the number of VMH neurons at E12.5 and E15.5, particularly within the VMH-central (VMHC) and -dorsomedial (VMHDM) subdomains and resulted in a VMH cell fate change from glutamatergic to GABAergic. We observed a loss of Neurog3 expression in Ascl1−/− hypothalamic progenitors and an upregulation of Neurog3 when Ascl1 was overexpressed. We also demonstrated a glutamatergic to GABAergic fate switch in Neurog3-null mutant mice, suggesting that Ascl1 might act via Neurog3 to drive VMH cell fate decisions. We also showed a concomitant increase in the central GABAergic fate determinant Dlx1/2 expression in the Ascl1-null hypothalamus. However, Ascl1 was not sufficient to induce an ectopic VMH fate when overexpressed outside of the normal window of competency. Combined, Ascl1 is required but not sufficient to specify the neurotransmitter identity of VMH neurons, acting in a transcriptional cascade with Neurog3.
Meeting report – Nuclear and cytoplasmic molecular machines at work
Authors: Bullock Simon L. , Visa Neus , Pederson Thoru
Published: April 2020

This report summarizes an international conference on molecular machines convened at New York University, Abu Dhabi by Piergiorgio Percipalle, George Shubeita and Serdal Kirmizialtin. The meeting was conceived around the epistemological question of what do we understand, or not understand (if we have open minds), about the degree to which cells operate by the individual actions of single enzymes or non-catalytic protein effectors, versus combinations of these in which their heterotypic association creates an entity that is more finely tuned and efficient – a machine. This theme was explored through a vivid series of talks, summarizing the latest findings on macromolecular complexes that operate in the nucleus or cytoplasm.
Individual vocal recognition in zebra finches relies on the song syllable structure rather than on song syllable order
Authors: Geberzahn Nicole , Derégnaucourt Sébastien
Published: April 2020

Many species are able to vocally recognise individual conspecifics and such a capacity seems widespread in oscine songbirds. The exact acoustic feature used for such recognition is often not clear. In the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), the song motif is composed of few syllables repeated in a fixed sequential order and song bouts include several repetitions of the motif. Here we used an operant discrimination task, the GO/NOGO procedure, to show that zebra finches are capable of vocal individual recognition even if the bird has to distinguish males that all produce an imitation of the same song model. Furthermore, we studied whether such individual vocal recognition was based on spectro-temporal details of song syllables, i.e. the local fine structure of the song, or on the sequential order in which song syllables are arranged in the song bout. To this end, we trained male and female zebra finches to discriminate songs of one male conspecific from those of four others. After learning this baseline discrimination, subjects were exposed to a novel set of stimuli originating from the same individuals, in order to test for their capability to generalise. Subjects correctly classified those novel stimuli illustrating their ability for individual vocal recognition. Then they were exposed to hybrid stimuli combining the syllable sequences of one individual with the spectro-temporal features of another. Behavioural responses of subjects to hybrid stimuli suggest that they rely on spectro-temporal details of syllables and might pay less attention to syllable sequences for individual vocal recognition.
No Sex Difference in Mental Fatigue Effect on High-Level Runners’ Aerobic Performance
Authors: Lopes THIAGO RIBEIRO , OLIVEIRA DIOGO MACHADO , SIMURRO PAULA BRANDÃO , AKIBA HENRIQUE TERUO , NAKAMURA FÁBIO YUZO , OKANO ALEXANDRE HIDEKI , DIAS ÁLVARO MACHADO , SILVA BRUNO MOREIRA
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Some evidence suggests that sedentary women may be more vulnerable to cognitive task-induced mental fatigue. Mental fatigue, in turn, may worse aerobic exercise performance, presumably via increased perceived effort. However, it remains unclear whether acute mental fatigue induction increases perceived effort and worsens endurance performance in high-level professional athletes and whether such effects are influenced by sex.

Methods

We studied 30 athletes (15 women and 16 men) in a single-blinded, randomized, controlled and crossover protocol. In separate visits, athletes either performed a 45-min cognitive task (Stroop’s color–word conflict test) to induce mental fatigue or watched a 45-min documentary as control. Then athletes performed a time-to-exhaustion test on a treadmill.

Results

Perceptual measures and cognitive performance indicated that the prolonged cognitive task induced a similar mental fatigue state in women and men. Cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses to the TEE did not change with mental fatigue in both sexes. Mental fatigue increased perceived effort during the time-to-exhaustion test, anticipated attainment of maximal effort, and shortened time to exhaustion similarly in women and men (mean ± SE, −27.3 ± 20.9 s for women vs −26.7 ± 15.1 s for men; P = 0.98).

Conclusions

The prolonged cognitive task provoked mental fatigue, anticipated attainment of maximal perceived effort, and worsened aerobic performance in professional runners with no sex differences. Although we did not contrasted athletes with nonathletes, our results suggest that being an athlete may somehow prevent women from developing greater mental fatigue and suffering more from its underlying effects compared with men.
Prevention of Decompression Sickness by Novel Artificial Oxygen Carriers
Authors: MAYER DIRK , GUERRERO FRANÇOIS , GOANVEC CHRISTELLE , HETZEL LISA , LINDERS JÜRGEN , LJUBKOVIC MARKO , KRECZY ALFONS , MAYER CHRISTIAN , KIRSCH MICHAEL , FERENZ KATJA BETTINA
Published: April 2020

For three decades, studies have demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of perfluorocarbon (PFC) in reducing the onset of decompression trauma. However, none of these emulsion-based preparations are accepted for therapeutic use in the western world, mainly because of severe side effects and a long organ retention time. A new development to guarantee a stable dispersion without these disadvantages is the encapsulation of PFC in nanocapsules with an albumin shell.

Purpose

Newly designed albumin-derived perfluorocarbon-based artificial oxygen carriers (A-AOC) are used in a rodent in vivo model as a preventive therapy for decompression sickness (DCS).

Methods

Thirty-seven rats were treated with A-AOC (n = 12), albumin nanocapsules filled with neutral oil (A-O-N, n = 12), or 5% human serum albumin solution (A-0-0, n = 13) before a simulated dive. Eleven rats, injected with A-AOC, stayed at normal pressure (A-AOC surface). Clinical, laboratory, and histological evaluations were performed.

Results

The occurrence of DCS depended on the treatment group. A-AOC significantly reduced DCS appearance and mortality. Furthermore, a significant improvement of survival time was found (A-AOC compared with A-0-0). Histological assessment of A-AOC-dive compared with A-0-0-dive animals revealed significantly higher accumulation of macrophages, but less blood congestion in the spleen and significantly less hepatic circulatory disturbance, vacuolization, and cell damage. Compared with nondiving controls, lactate and myoglobin showed a significant increase in the A-0-0- but not in the A-AOC-dive group.

Conclusion

Intravenous application of A-AOC was well tolerated and effective in reducing the occurrence of DCS, and animals showed significantly higher survival rates and less symptoms compared with the albumin group (A-0-0). Analysis of histological results and fast reacting plasma parameters confirmed the preventive properties of A-AOC.
Evaluation of a low-dose protocol for cone beam computed tomography of the temporomandibular joint
Authors: Iskanderani Durer , Nilsson Mats , Alstergren Per , Shi Xie-Qi , Hellen-halme Kristina
Published: April 2020

Objective:

Evaluation of cone beam CT (CBCT) examination with a low-dose scanning protocol for assessment of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).

Methods:

34 adult patients referred for CBCT imaging of the TMJ underwent two examinations with two scanning protocols, a manufacturer-recommended protocol (default) and a low-dose protocol where the tube current was reduced to 20% of the default protocol. Three image stacks were reconstructed: default protocol, low-dose protocol, and processed (using a noise reduction algorithm) low-dose protocol. Four radiologists evaluated the images. The Sign test was used to evaluate visibility of TMJ anatomic structures and image quality. Receiver operating characteristic analyzes were performed to assess the diagnostic accuracy. κ values were used to evaluate intraobserver agreement.

Results:

With the low-dose and processed protocols, visibility of the TMJ anatomical structures and overall image quality were comparable to the default protocol. No significant differences in radiographic findings were found for the two low-dose protocols compared to the default protocol. The area under the curves (Az) averaged for the low-dose and processed protocols, according to all observers, were 0.931 and 0.941, respectively. Intraobserver agreement was good to very good.

Conclusion:

For the CBCT unit used in this study, the low-dose CBCT protocol for TMJ examination was diagnostically comparable to the manufacturer-recommended protocol, but delivered a five times lower radiation dose. There is an urgent need to evaluate protocols for CBCT examinations of TMJ in order to optimize them for a radiation dose as low as diagnostically acceptable (the as low as diagnostically acceptable principle recommended by NCRP).
Surveillance of respiratory viruses among children attending a primary school in rural coastal Kenya
Authors: Adema Irene Wangwa , Kamau Everlyn , Uchi Nyiro Joyce , Otieno Grieven P. , Lewa Clement , Munywoki Patrick K. , Nokes D. James
Published: April 2020

Background: Respiratory viruses are primary agents of respiratory tract diseases. Knowledge on the types and frequency of respiratory viruses affecting school-children is important in determining the role of schools in transmission in the community and identifying targets for interventions.

Methods: We conducted a one-year (term-time) surveillance of respiratory viruses in a rural primary school in Kilifi County, coastal Kenya between May 2017 and April 2018. A sample of 60 students with symptoms of ARI were targeted for nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) collection weekly.  Swabs were screened for 15 respiratory virus targets using real time PCR diagnostics. Data from respiratory virus surveillance at the local primary healthcare facility was used for comparison.

Results: Overall, 469 students aged 2-19 years were followed up for 220 days. A total of 1726 samples were collected from 325 symptomatic students; median age of 7 years (IQR 5-11). At least one virus target was detected in 384 (22%) of the samples with a frequency of 288 (16.7%) for rhinovirus, 47 (2.7%) parainfluenza virus, 35 (2.0%) coronavirus, 15 (0.9%) adenovirus, 11 (0.6%) respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and 5 (0.3%) influenza virus.  The proportion of virus positive samples was higher among lower grades compared to upper grades (25.9% vs 17.5% respectively; χ2 = 17.2, P -value <0.001). Individual virus target frequencies did not differ by age, sex, grade, school term or class size. Rhinovirus was predominant in both the school and outpatient setting.

Conclusion: Multiple respiratory viruses circulated in this rural school population.  Rhinovirus was dominant in both the school and outpatient setting and RSV was of notably low frequency in the school. The role of school children in transmitting viruses to the household setting is still unclear and further studies linking molecular data to contact patterns between the school children and their households are required.
Additional considerations for "checklists to guide the supportive and critical care of tuberculous meningitis"
Authors: Behl Anuradha , Dhawan Sumeet
Published: April 2020

Checklists are pivotal in the systematic assessment of critically ill patients, pre-operative assessments and for patients with multisystem involvements. Management of tuberculous meningitis is challenging due to prolonged hospital stay, multiple neurological complications like seizures, stroke, raised intracranial tension, stroke, neurosurgical interventions, multiple invasive procedures, health-care-associated sepsis, and ventilation. All these complications are managed by separate checklists to avoid treatment-related errors. The current manuscript aims to ensure completeness of inpatient care addressing issues addressing diagnostic issues, supportive care, and intensive care related issues.
Apply the Acoustoelastic Method to Determine Residual Stresses in Welded Joints
Authors: Kamyshev Arkady , Danilov Aleksandr , Pasmanik Lev , Getman Aleksandr , Kuzmin Dmitry , Guba Sergey , Khorev Vitaly , Modestov Viktor , Evtyunin Dmitry
Published: April 2020

The problem of maximum stresses estimation in the weld metal, where the direct measurements are not possible due to the influence of the metal structure on the measurement error, was solved. The influence of features of welding joints manufacturing technology on the structure of the weld metal was also determined.

We use several reference welded joints of pipelines at nuclear power plants in our studies. Instrumental estimation of acoustoelasticity parameters in the weld metal in welded joints and in adjacent areas of the base metal was used together with computational modeling of the residual welding stresses distributions.

Results obtained demonstrate that the error of stress measurement in the metal in the joint, which is related to the structure of the weld metal, is comparable to the material yield strength. Due to that a direct measurement of the maximum values of welding stresses is not possible.

Comparison of results of acoustoelasticity parameters measurements with results of the metal macrostructure studies and mechanical tests allowed us to determine the relationship between peculiarities of structure of the weld metal sections at vertical joints with their tendency to brittle destruction.

We propose and justify the NDT method of residual welding stresses in the weld metal. It is based on the principle of residual stresses balancing and employs the results of stress measurements in the base metal by acoustoelasticity. Applicability of non-destructive testing of acoustoelasticity parameters to identify the areas of welded joints with a higher tendency to brittle fracture is also justified.
Robust seam tracking via a deep learning framework combining tracking and detection
Authors: Zou Yanbiao , Lan Rui , Wei Xianzhong , Chen Jiaxin
Published: April 2020

To address the problem of low welding precision caused by possible disturbances, e.g., strong arc lights, welding splashes, and thermally induced deformations, in complex unstructured welding environments, a method based on a deep learning framework that combines visual tracking and object detection is proposed. First, a welding image patch is directly fed into a convolutional long short-term memory network, which preserves the target’s spatial structure and is efficient in terms of memory use, with the aim of avoiding some disturbances. Second, we take advantage of features from various convolutional neural network layers and determine weld feature points through similarity matching among multiple feature layers. However, feeding in noisy images causes the tracker to accumulate interference information, which results in model drift. Thus, using a welding seam detection network, the object filter is periodically reinitialized to improve tracking accuracy and robustness. Experimental results show that the welding torch runs smoothly with a strong arc light and welding splash interference and that tracking error can reach

±

0

.
5

m
m

, which is sufficient to satisfy actual welding requirements. The advantages of our algorithm are validated through several comparative experiments.
III/V silicon hybrid laser based on a resonant Bragg structure
Authors: Davis Jordan A. , Kim Myun Sik , El Amili Abdelkrim , Trotter Douglas C. , Starbuck Andrew L. , Dallo Christina , Pomerene Andrew T. , DeRose Christopher T. , Lentine Anthony L. , Fainman Yeshaiahu
Published: April 2020

We demonstrate a laser tunable in intensity with gigahertz tuning speed
based on a III/V reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA)
coupled to a silicon photonic chip. The silicon chip contains a
Bragg-based Fabry–Perot resonator to form a passive bandpass filter
within its stopband to enable single-mode operation of the laser. We
observe a side mode suppression ratio of 43 dB, linewidth of 790 kHz,
and an optical output power of 1.65 mW around 1530 nm. We also
investigate using a micro-ball lens as an alternative coupling method
between the RSOA and the silicon chip.
Fundamental electro-optic limitations of thin-film lithium niobate microring modulators
Authors: Bahadori Meisam , Goddard Lynford L. , Gong Songbin
Published: April 2020

We investigate the impact of waveguide curvature on the electro-optic efficiency of microring resonators in thin-film X-cut or Y-cut lithium niobate (in-plane extraordinary axis) and derive explicit relations on the response. It is shown that such microring modulators have a fundamental upper bound on their electro-optic performance (∼50% filling factor) which corresponds to a specific arrangement of metal electrodes surrounding the microring and yields nearly identical results for X-cut and Y-cut designs. We further show that this limitation does not exist (i.e., 100% filling factor is possible) with Z-cut microring modulators or can be circumvented (i.e., ∼100% filling factor is possible) in X-cut and Y-cut modulators that use a race-track configuration with segmented electrodes. Comparison of our analytical results with multiphysics simulations and measured electro-optic efficiencies of microring resonators in the literature demonstrates the validity and accuracy of our approach.
Adaptive stochastic parallel gradient descent approach for efficient fiber coupling
Authors: Hu Qintao , Zhen Liangli , Mao Yao , Zhu Shiwei , Zhou Xi , Zhou Guozhong
Published: April 2020

In high-speed free-space optical communication systems, the received laser beam must be coupled into a single-mode fiber at the input of the receiver module. However, propagation through atmospheric turbulence degrades the spatial coherence of a laser beam and poses challenges for fiber coupling. In this paper, we propose a novel method, called as adaptive stochastic parallel gradient descent (ASPGD), to achieve efficient fiber coupling. To be specific, we formulate the fiber coupling problem as a model-free optimization problem and solve it using ASPGD in parallel. To avoid converging to the extremum points and accelerate its convergence speed, we integrate the momentum and the adaptive gain coefficient estimation to the original stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) method. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method reduces 50% of iterations, while keeping the stability by comparing it with the original SPGD method.
Low-loss GaOx-core/SiO2-cladding planar waveguides on Si substrate
Authors: Tan Si , Deng Huiyang , Urbanek Karel E. , Miao Yu , Zhao Zhexin , Harris James S. , Byer Robert L.
Published: April 2020

The unique properties of gallium oxide (GaOx) have drawn increasing interest as a material suitable for high-power electronic and optical applications. Herein, we report the demonstration of low-loss GaOx-core/SiO2-cladding waveguides on Si substrate. We present the fabrication process and annealing treatments of the waveguide devices, and we characterize the corresponding effects on optical transmission for 3 common wavelengths: 633 nm, 1064 nm, and 1550 nm. The best propagation loss achieved for these wavelengths is measured to be

−
0.4
±
0.1

dB/cm

,

−
0.3
±
0.2

dB/cm

, and

−
2.4
±
0.5

dB/cm

, respectively. We discuss the major waveguide loss mechanisms, followed by results of pump and probe experiments using visible/IR wavelengths for waveguides treated under various post-fabrication annealing conditions. We also show nonlinear measurements for a 250 fs laser beam to offer additional insights into the loss mechanisms, which are consistent with the linear optical transmission performances. High waveguide laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of

>
2.5

J/cm

2

is measured at this pulse width, making GaOx a potential candidate for high-power integrated photonic devices.
Targeting the Gut Microbiome as a Treatment for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A Conceptional Framework
Authors: Shah Ayesha , Macdonald Graeme A. , Morrison Mark , Holtmann Gerald
Published: April 2020

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare, immune-mediated, chronic cholestatic liver disease associated with a unique phenotype of inflammatory bowel disease that frequently manifests as pancolitis with right-sided predominance. Available data suggest a bidirectional interplay of the gut-liver axis with critical roles for the gastrointestinal microbiome and circulating bile acids (BAs) in the pathophysiology of PSC. BAs shape the gut microbiome, whereas gut microbes have the potential to alter BAs, and there are emerging data that alterations of BAs and the microbiome are not simply a consequence but the cause of PSC. Clustering of PSC in families may suggest that PSC occurs in genetically susceptible individuals. After exposure to an environmental trigger (e.g., microbial byproducts or BAs), an aberrant or exaggerated cholangiocyte-induced immune cascade occurs, ultimately leading to bile duct damage and progressive fibrosis. The pathophysiology can be conceptualized as a triad of (1) gut dysbiosis, (2) altered BA metabolism, and (3) immune-mediated biliary injury. Immune activation seems to be central to the disease process, but immunosuppression does not improve clinical outcomes or alter the natural history of PSC. Currently, orthoptic liver transplantation is the only established life-saving treatment, whereas antimicrobial therapy or fecal transplantation is an emerging therapeutic option for PSC. The beneficial effects of these microbiome-based therapies are likely mediated by a shift of the gut microbiome with favorable effects on BA metabolism. In the future, personalized approaches will allow to better target the interdependence between microbiome, immune function, and BA metabolism and potentially cure patients with PSC.
Bichectomia como procedimento estético facial: estudo observacional prospectivo
Authors: Da Silva Raíssa , Fernandes Leite Laís , Cavalcante Weber , Cerqueira Arlei
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar morbidade, possíveis sequelas e a satisfação dos pacientes submetidos ao procedimento estético de bichectomia. Métodos: foram analisados, prospectivamente, 16 pacientes submetidos ao procedi- mento, por meio de questionário, exame clínico e análise de fotografias. Resultados: este estudo revelou bons resultados quanto à satisfação dos pacientes, sendo que pacientes do sexo feminino demonstraram satisfação com o resultado estético, enquanto pacientes do sexo masculino notaram maior ganho funcional. Além disso, observou-se baixa morbidade e baixo risco de complicações, havendo apenas dois casos de infecções, são tratados com antibióticos orais. Conclusões: foi possível concluir que a bichectomia propicia melhorias estéticas no contorno facial, com segurança e baixa morbidade.
CBCTBMF apoia marco de Consenso Brasileiro para a Colaboração Ética Multisetorial nos setores de Saúde
Authors: Laureano Filho José
Published: April 2020

Prezados membros do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial, no mês de novembro do ano passado, fui debate- dor no Ética Saúde Summit 2019, em São Paulo. O evento reuniu mais de 200 convidados e 100% das entidades que representam a cadeia de valor da Saúde. O Instituto Ética Saúde, do qual o CBCTBMF faz parte, e a FGV-Ethics promoveram uma ampla discussão sobre as principais conquistas em termos de ética e integridade no Brasil, e os próximos passos para um futuro sustentável do setor.
Cirurgia ortognática em paciente com síndrome de Down: relato de caso
Authors: DE PAULA DANIEL , DE ANDRADE MARINA , LIMA RODRIGO , CARVALHO MARIANA , CAVALCANTE WEBER
Published: April 2020

Introdução: A Síndrome de Down (SD) é uma doença autossômica congênita, caracterizada por deficiência de crescimento e do desenvolvimento mental. Esses pacientes apresentam um crânio pequeno, encurtamento do terço médio da face, depressão do osso nasal, região malar aplainada, ramo e corpo mandibular diminuídos, sínfise diminuta e projetada anteriormente, e olhos inclinados para cima. O crescimento ma- xilar sagital está intimamente relacionado ao crescimento da base do crânio. Pacien- tes com SD podem ter mordida cruzada posterior, mordida aberta anterior, Classe III dentária e/ou esquelética, anodontias, subdesenvolvimento da musculatura orofacial, deficiência no selamento labial e projeção da língua contra os dentes, o que acarreta um mal posicionamento dentário, comprometendo a saúde bucal. Além disso, vias aéreas reduzidas, macroglossia, hipertrofia das amígdalas, problemas de sucção, fala e mastigação estão normalmente relacionadas à Síndrome de Down. Objetivo: Relatar um caso de uma paciente portadora de SD, Classe III de Angle, em que foi feito avanço da maxila e do mento, com aposição de enxerto ósseo. Após a cirurgia, a paciente evoluiu bem, com oclusão estável. Conclusões: As vantagens advindas da cirurgia ortognática levam à correção da deficiência no crescimento fisiológico, proporcionando uma melhora na função e estética.
Tratamento de hiperplasia condilar por meio de condilectomia proporcional e cirurgia ortognática: relato de caso
Authors: FERZELI VICTOR HUGO , BARROS MAYLSON , TESLENCO VITOR BRUNO , REIS GUILHERME , PANCINI EVERTON , CAVALCANTI HERBERT
Published: April 2020

Introdução: A hiperplasia condilar descreve a condição patológica causada por um excessivo crescimento do côndilo mandibular, tendo maior prevalência entre os 10 e os 20 anos de idade — o que pode ser atribuído aos efeitos da puberdade e ao aumento exponencial da taxa de crescimento corporal. A assimetria facial pode se mostrar mais aparente nessa idade e, com isso, se inicia a procura pelo tratamento, levando em conta que diversas formas de tratamento já foram propostas para esse tipo de patologia. Objetivo: Relatar um caso clínico, a fim de discutir os protocolos atuais de tratamento para a hiperplasia condilar. Relato de caso: Paciente com 20 anos de idade, leucoderma, sexo feminino, encaminhada ao serviço de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilo-facial da Associação Beneficente do Hospital Santa Casa de Campo Grande/MS, com histórico de assimetria facial. Por meio do exame físico, evidenciou-se assimetria facial severa e laterognatismo importante, com desvio para a esquerda, sendo solicitados exames complementares. Após diagnóstico de hiperplasia condilar mandibular, a paciente foi submetida a condilectomia proporcional e, em um segundo tempo, cirurgia ortognática. Conclusão: A utilização da condilectomia proporcional, com objetivo de trata- mento da assimetria facial causada pela hiperplasia condilar unilateral, pode se mostrar satisfatória, tendo em vista sua reduzida invasividade e boa taxa de sucesso.
Avaliação comparativa da eficácia e da capacidade de difusão da articaína 4% e da lidocaína 2% em extrações de terceiros molares superiores impactados
Authors: MASCARENHAS GUSTAVO , MASCARENHAS DANIELA , BARBOSA DARCENY , MARANGON JUNIOR HELVÉCIO , PEREIRA RAFAEL , PEREIRA PATRICIA
Published: April 2020

Introdução: As soluções anestésicas têm características próprias em relação a propriedades como latência, potência e tempo de ação. Muitos autores demonstraram a superioridade da difusão de soluções de articaína a 4%, embora haja controvérsias na literatura científica sobre essa questão. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a capacidade de induzir a anestesia da mucosa palatina e a eficácia anestésica após o bloqueio do nervo alveolar superior posterior de duas soluções anestésicas: articaína a 4% com epinefrina 1:100.000 e lidocaína a 2% com epinefrina 1:100.000. Mé- todos: Esse experimento original foi um estudo transversal, duplo-cego, randomizado, com dezoito voluntários saudáveis, com idades entre 14 e 26 anos, com indicação de extração de terceiro molar superior impactado. A capacidade de difusão e a eficácia das soluções anestésicas foram verificadas pela Escala de 11 Pontos em Caixa, e o grau de ansiedade foi avaliado pela Escala de Ansiedade Dental de Corah. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que, em pacientes saudáveis, ambas as soluções anestésicas tiveram a mesma difusão para a mucosa palatina e apresentaram comportamento clínico semelhante. Conclusão: ambas as soluções testadas apresentaram capacidade de difusão e eficácia anestésica semelhantes, mostrando-se igualmente adequadas para uso em cirurgias de extração de terceiros molares superiores impactados.
Polsko-rosyjska współpraca transgraniczna i relacje polsko-rosyjskie w programach wybranych partii politycznych i deklaracjach ich przedstawicieli w województwie warmińsko-mazurskim. Zarys analizy wyników badań terenowych
Authors: Żęgota Krzysztof
Published: April 2020

Celem artykułu jest analiza jakościowa wyników wywiadów, przeprowadzonych z przedstawicielami ugrupowań politycznych z województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego pod kątem miejsca polsko-rosyjskiej współpracy transgranicznej oraz relacji polsko-rosyjskich w programach partii politycznych. Przeprowadzone badanie udowodniło, iż przedstawiciele wszystkich partii politycznych, uwzględnionych w wywiadzie, dostrzegają istotne miejsce relacji polsko-rosyjskich tak w programach swoich partii, jak i w życiu politycznym województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego. Przedstawiciele partii podkreślają znaczenie polsko-rosyjskiej współpracy transgranicznej dla funkcjonowania regionalnej sceny politycznej. Większość respondentów ocenia, iż stosunek mieszkańców regionu do Rosji i idei współpracy transgranicznej jest pozytywny.
Anomia jako kulturowy stan społeczeństwa polskiego w czasach nowożytnych praprzyczyną dystopii integracji z Unią Europejską
Authors: Piwnicki Grzegorz
Published: April 2020

W artykule zaprezentowano analizę problemu dotyczącego integracji z Unią Europejską przez pryzmat uwarunkowań historycznych, które mają istotny wpływ na włączenie Polski do obszaru centrum Europy. Założono, że jest to wynikiem podziału ekonomicznego na Europę Zachodnią (kapitalistyczną) i Wschodnią (rolniczą) w XVI wieku. To implikowało odmienność kulturową tych obszarów istniejącą do czasów obecnych w układzie centro-peryferyjnym. Podział ten wygenerowały, stosunki feudalne do II połowy XIX wieku na Wschodzie i kapitalistyczne na Zachodzie. Brak nowoczesnego państwa z jego strukturami administracyjnymi, silnej władzy i armii, mieszczaństwa (burżuazji) oraz nowych prądów religijnych (protestantyzmu) złożyły się na swoistego rodzaju rozwój anomii i dystopii w Polsce. Drugim wątkiem analizy naukowej było zagadnienie zaniechania integracji z Unią Europejską po 2015 roku. W wyniku tego zaistniała możliwość znalezienia się Polski poza centrum cywilizacyjnym Europy Zachodniej. Wizja Polski, jako peryferia Europy jest swoistą anomią i dystopią dla społeczeństwa i państwa.
Prewencja rentowa jako metoda przeciwdziałania niezdolności do pracy. Wybrane aspekty
Authors: Pogonowski Marek
Published: April 2020

Artykuł prezentuje dwa aspekty prewencji rentowej realizowanej przez Zakład Ubezpieczeń Społecznych, tj. rzeczowy – obejmujący infrastrukturę umożliwiającą rehabilitację leczniczą oraz finansowy – obejmujący świadczenia pieniężne, których wypłata stanowi zabezpieczenie materialne w czasie procesu powrotu do zdrowia. Autor stawia hipotezę, że przedstawione aspekty prewencji rentowej mają znaczenie w przeciwdziałaniu niezdolności do pracy. Przyjęta w rozważaniach metodologia oparta na analizie danych statystycznych i wykorzystująca metody interpretacji i porównania danych zgromadzonych i udostępnionych przez instytucje publiczne, w szczególności Zakład Ubezpieczeń Społecznych, potwierdziła znaczenie prewencji w przeciwdziałaniu niezdolności do pracy oraz redukcji kosztów ponoszonych przez budżet państwa z tego tytułu. Wymiar rzeczowy prewencji rentowej przyśpiesza powrót do pracy poprzez efektywną rehabilitację medyczną. Wymiar finansowy zapewnia poczucie bezpieczeństwa socjalnego, dzięki świadczeniom wypłacanym z ubezpieczenia społecznego (takim jak: zasiłek chorobowy, świadczenie rehabilitacyjne, renta z tytułu niezdolności do pracy czy renta szkoleniowa). Istotne znaczenie ma także zaobserwowana tendencja obniżania wysokości świadczeń przysługujących podczas procesu powrotu do zdrowia.
Do Changes in Fitness Status, Testosterone Concentration, and Anthropometric Characteristics Across a 16-Month Training Period Influence Technical Performance of Youth Soccer Players During Small-Sided Games?
Authors: Rodrigues Lopes Rafael A. , Aoki Marcelo S. , Carling Christopher , Vaz Ronque Enio Ricardo , Moreira Alexandre
Published: April 2020

Rodrigues Lopes, RA, Aoki, MS, Carling, C, Vaz Ronque, ER, and Moreira, A. Do changes in fitness status, testosterone concentration, and anthropometric characteristics across a 16-month training period influence technical performance of youth soccer players during small-sided-games? J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1404–1409, 2022—This study examined the influence of changes in physical capacity, testosterone concentration, and anthropometric characteristics across a 16-month training period on technical performance of youth players during small-sided games (SSG). Thirty-five elite youth players (14.3 ± 0.2 years, 170 ± 6.2 cm, and 61 ± 6 kg) were assessed on 3 occasions (T1, T2, and T3) over the period. A multivariate canonical correlation (MCC) was used to assess the multiple associations between the criterion variable (SSG technical performance) and the predictor variable (physical capacity represented by the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 [Yo-Yo IRT1], testosterone concentration, and anthropometric characteristics). Changes between T1 and T3 were retained for MCC analysis. Multivariate canonical correlation analysis revealed 2 significant functions (R
2 = 0.42 and 0.36) indicating a significant relationship between predictor and criterion variables. Changes in Yo-Yo IRT1 performance were the main contributor to the predictor variable, whereas the frequency of tackles/interceptions contributed mostly to the criterion variable (SSG technical performance). These results showed that technical performance in SSG was influenced by changes in Yo-Yo IRT1 performance, suggesting the importance of monitoring in conjunction, intermittent exercise capacity, and technical performance in SSG in youth soccer players. In addition, the stability in technical performance during SSG observed over the experimental period suggests that practitioners could use SSG as a tool for systematic real-world monitoring of technical performance rather than isolated practice drills.
Examining the Contribution of Perfectionistic Traits to the Construct Validity of the DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorder
Authors: Hemmati Azad , Weiss Brandon , Mirani Atefeh , Rezaei Farzin , Miller Joshua D.
Published: April 2020

Scholars of perfectionism have proposed significant modifications to DSM-5's alternative model of personality disorders (AMPD), such that (1) perfectionism be expanded beyond the inclusion of a singular trait—rigid perfectionism—and (2) perfectionistic traits be specified as trait descriptors of personality disorders (PDs) other than obsessive-compulsive PD. In this study, we evaluate these proposals by examining the degree to which (a) perfectionistic traits are already instantiated in Section II and Section III models of personality pathology; and (b) perfectionistic traits meaningfully augment the construct validity of AMPD PDs. We conducted these approaches in a large sample (N =3D 435) from an Iranian undergraduate population that is atypically found in the literature. Results showed that perfectionistic traits are already fairly well instantiated in Section III Criterion B. Perfectionistic traits minimally improved the construct validity of OCPD, but did not meaningfully do so for other PDs. Future investigation into the clinical utility of perfectionistic traits is needed.
DEFİTİNİZE EDİLMİŞ TAHIL KEPEKLERİNİN VE ENZİMLERİN MAKARNANIN FİZİKSEL VE DUYUSAL KALİTESİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ
Authors: LEVENT Hacer
Published: April 2020

Bu araştırmada, tahıl kepekleri (pirinç, çavdar, buğday ve yulaf) iki farklı yöntemle (fitaz enzimi ve malt unu) defitinize edilmiş ve farklı enzim uygulamaları (ksilanaz ve transglutaminaz) ile makarna formülasyonunda (% 20 oranında) kullanılmıştır. Tahıl kepekleri makarnanın parlaklık değerlerini kontrol örneklerine kıyasla düşürmüştür (P<0.05). Makarna örneklerinde transglutaminaz + ksilanaz enzimi uygulanarak en yüksek ağırlık, hacim artışı ve en düşük pişirme kaybı değerleri elde edilmiştir. Tahıl kepeği kullanımı, makarna örneklerinde sıkılık değerini azaltmıştır. Duyusal analiz sonuçlarına göre, pirinç kepeği içeren makarna numuneleri diğer çeşitlere göre daha düşük görünüş ve tat puanlarını almıştır. Panelistler tarafından yulaf ve buğday kepekli makarna örnekleri daha fazla beğenilmiştir.
Fishing for neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Gaudenzi Germano , Carra Silvia , Dicitore Alessandra , Cantone Maria Celeste , Persani Luca , Vitale Giovanni
Published: April 2020

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a class of rare and heterogeneous neoplasms that originate from the neuroendocrine system. In several cases, these neoplasms can release bioactive hormones leading to characteristic clinical syndromes and hormonal dysregulations with detrimental impact on the quality of life and survival of these patients. Only few animal models are currently available to investigate pathogenesis, progression and functional syndromes in NETs and to identify new therapeutic strategies. The tropical teleost zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a popular vertebrate model system that offers unique advantages for the study of several biological processes, ranging from embryonic development to human diseases such as cancer. In this review, we summarize recent advances on zebrafish models for NET preclinical research that take advantage of modern genetic and transplantable technologies. In the future, these tools may have a role in the treatment decision-making and tertiary prevention of NETs.