bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidative Activities by the Combination of Culture Medium and Methyl Jasmonate Elicitation in Hairy Root Cultures of Lactuca indica L.
Authors: Yi Tae Gyu , Park Yeri , Park Jai-Eok , Park Nam Il
Published: July 2019

Lactuca indica L. has been traditionally used as a wild vegetable and as a medicinal plant for centuries. The various compounds present in it and their biological activities have been extensively reported. Hairy-root culture combined with agrobacterium-meditated metabolic engineering is a useful technique to achieve stable production of biologically active plant compounds. Here, we evaluated the enhancement of secondary metabolites in L. indica L. and their bioactivities by testing culture media composition and the use of an elicitor. Hairy roots were induced and cultured in MS or SH liquid media for 2 weeks prior to treatment with various concentrations of MeJa, for different periods. The resulting phenolic contents and physiological activities were analyzed. Higher total phenolic, flavonoid, and hydroxycinnamic acids contents were attained by elicitation with MeJa. Metabolite accumulation, especially in SH media and in the presence of MeJa, was time dependent. Particularly, accumulation of chicoric acid increased markedly with time. Similarly, we observed time dependent positive and negative responses of antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. As in previous studies, the highest correlation was found between total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. Further, 3,5-DCQA showed the highest correlation with total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activities in hydroxycinnamic acids. Our data effectively identified optimal culture conditions to increase the accumulation of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity in hairy roots cultures of L. indica L.
Educating nurse leaders to think globally with international collaborative learning
Authors: Bragadóttir Helga , Potter Teddie
Published: July 2019

Given the rapid pace of change and globalization, leaders in healthcare must be educated to think globally even if they only act locally. This short article discusses the experience of a collaborative online international learning (COIL) project between the University of Iceland (UI) and the University of Minnesota (UMN) in the United States. The project was embedded into graduate courses in nursing administration and leadership. COIL courses require substantial collaboration but, when done well, COIL transforms teaching so that global awareness of students and faculty is enhanced and widens their horizons as well as their cultural sensitivity.
Comparative effects of target-controlled infusion of anesthetic sufentanil and remifentanil on inflammatory factors and oxidative stress indicators in patients of colorectal cancer
Authors: Chen Xiaohui , Hu Zhongyuan , Yan Wenjun , Ma Yabing , He Man , Ren Xiaoqiang
Published: July 2019

This study was designed to compare the recovery of target-controlled infusion of sufentanil and remifentanil in patients of colorectal cancer. In total, 104 patients were randomly divided into sufentanil and remifentanil groups. One group was given target-controlled infusion of sufentanil, while the other group received remifentanil. Inflammatory factors and oxidative stress indicators were measured at 10 min before induction of anesthesia (T1), 1 h (T2), 24 h (T3), and 72 h (T4) after surgery. Adverse reactions were also compared. The extubation and recovery time of sufentanil group were longer than remifentanil group. The levels of CRP, IL-8, and IL-4 in sufentanil group and remifentanil group increased continuously. CRP contents at T3, T4, and IL-8 and IL-4 contents at T2, T3, and T4 of remifentanil group were lower ( P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in sufentanil group was 15.4%, which was significantly ( P < 0.05) lower than remifentanil group (28.8%). The recovery and extubation time of sufentanil were longer than remifentanil, while the remifentanil can effectively reduce the levels of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress.
Self-interpreted narrative capture: A research project to examine life courses of Amerasians in Vietnam and the United States
Authors: Lee Sabine , Bartels Susan Andrea
Published: July 2019

When American troops withdrew from Vietnam in April 1975, they left behind a large number of children fathered by American GIs and born to local Vietnamese women. Although there is some documentation of experiences of GI children who immigrated to the United States, little is known about the life courses of Amerasian children who remained in Vietnam, and no comparative data has been collected. To address this knowledge gap, we used an innovative mixed qualitative – quantitative data collection tool, Cognitive Edge’s SenseMaker®, to investigate the life experiences of three specific cohorts of GI-fathered children from the Vietnam War: (1) those who remained in Vietnam, (2) those who immigrated to the United States as babies or very young children and (3) those who immigrated to the United States as adolescents or adults. The current analysis reflects on the implementation of this mixed-methods narrative data collection and self-interpretation tool as a research methodology in Vietnam and the United States and outlines some of the challenges and lessons learned including recruitment of a hard to reach population, low response rates in the United States and feasibility of using such narrative capture to conduct such research in the United States and in Vietnam.
Enhanced patella tracking in rotating platform total knee replacements, friend or foe? A case of iliotibial band impingement by rotating polyethylene insert
Authors: Li Michelle Kar Lam , Lau Lawrence Chun Man , Hung Yuk Wah , Kwok Ka Bon , Chan Alexander Pak Hin , Fan Jason Chi Ho
Published: July 2019

Rotating platform total knee replacement implants have been marketed to allow more precise approximation of normal knee kinematics and enhance patella tracking. At liberty of rotation, the distinct mobile polyethylene insert design does have its pitfalls in spite of purported merits. We report a case of lateral knee pain following rotating platform total knee replacement, attributable to iliotibial band impingement by the rotating polyethylene insert. Prompt treatment via arthroscopic release circumvented a traumatic and costly revision procedure.
A Longitudinal Study of Changes in Cognition Among Older Thais: Studying From the Kanchanaburi Demographic Surveillance System
Authors: Auampradit Natchaphon , Vapattanawong Patama , Punpuing Sureeporn , Sunpuwan Malee , Jirapramukpitak Tawanchai
Published: July 2019

Objectives: To examine the impacts of changes in social determinants of health (SDH) toward changes in cognition. Methods: Longitudinal data came from the Kanchanaburi Demographic Surveillance System (KDSS) collected in 2007 and 2011. Cognitive impairment was measured by category fluency and delayed recall. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to investigate changes in cognition by taking SDH and other variables including age, gender, marital status, education, and depression into the model. Results: GEE revealed longitudinal effects of wealth index and working status against cognition. Older Thais living with richest wealth index (odds ratio [OR] = 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.31-0.94) and still being employed (OR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.47-0.89) were less likely to have cognitive impairment. Discussion: Poorer wealth index and being unemployed were served as a risk factor for cognitive impairment over time. Increasing age was still the major risk for cognitive impairment.
What evidence exists on the effectiveness of the techniques and management approaches used to improve the productivity of field grown tomatoes under conditions of water-, nitrogen- and/or phosphorus-deficit? A systematic map protocol
Authors: Quesada Nora , Iannetta Pietro P. M. , White Philip J. , Tran Fanny , Begg Graham S.
Published: July 2019

Background

There is an urgent need to ensure that food production is maintained in response to either a reduction in use or lack of availability of natural resources. To this end, several strategies have been investigated to determine which agronomic approaches may improve crop yields under conditions of reduced water and/or nutrients provision, with special attention upon nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). New technologies and practices have been developed for key commercial crops, such as tomatoes. However, few of these are widely adopted in the field and evidence of their value in this production setting is limited.

Methods

This protocol sets out a systematic map methodology that aims to provide a coherent synthesis of the available evidence among the literature on the techniques and management approaches that may ensure the productivity of field-grown tomatoes under conditions of water-, N- and/or P-deficits, either as single or combined stresses. To conduct the literature search, a search strategy was produced to define the scope of the systematic map and to allow reproducibility of the approach. A list of published and unpublished sources of literature were selected and a preliminary trial identified best-fit-for-purpose search-terms and -strings. A literature screening process was set with consistency checks amongst reviewers at the title, abstract and full text screening stages. A series of eligibility criteria were defined to ensure objectivity and consistency in the selection of studies that are best suited to address the research question of the systematic map. In addition, a coding strategy was designed to set the means for meta-data extraction out from the literature for review. A drafted structured questionnaire will serve as the base for collating the meta-data to produce a database where variables will be queried for the evidence synthesis. This work is expected to inform stakeholders, researchers and policy makers regarding the extent and nature of the existing evidence base, and so serve as a basis by-which specific approaches may be highlighted as potential focal-areas in future.
Introductory Biology in Social Context: The Effects of an Issues-Based Laboratory Course on Biology Student Motivation
Authors: Hewitt Krissi M. , Bouwma-Gearhart Jana , Kitada Heather , Mason Robert , Kayes Lori J.
Published: July 2019

We investigated the effects of a laboratory curriculum developed using the socio-­scientific issues (SSI) framework to contextualize scientific and socially relevant issues for students. Using self-determination theory and hierarchical linear modeling, we examined the effects of the SSI curriculum relative to a control curriculum on student motivation in a large introductory biology course for life science majors. The SSI group had a significant increase in motivation for engaging in the laboratory work relative to motivation of the control group. Additionally, the SSI group showed higher levels of more autonomous forms of regulation concerning participation in laboratory tasks compared with the control group. Interestingly, the SSI-based curriculum seemed to have a buffering effect on typically observed decreases in student motivation over the course of a term. This buffering effect could potentially indicate greater self-determination in students experiencing an SSI-based curriculum, which could lead to greater student success and persistence. Qualitative data suggest that this increased motivation of the SSI group relative to the control group is due to enhanced feelings of relatedness experienced by students, likely due to the SSI.
Current eating disorder healthcare services – the perspectives and experiences of individuals with eating disorders, their families and health professionals: systematic review and thematic synthesis
Authors: Johns Gemma , Taylor Bridget , John Ann , Tan Jacinta
Published: July 2019

Background

Eating disorders have the highest mortality rate of mental disorders and a high incidence of morbidity, but if diagnosed and treated promptly individuals can benefit from full recovery. However, there are numerous problems at the healthcare interface (i.e. primary and secondary care) for eating disorders. It is important to examine these to facilitate appropriate, seamless treatment and improve access to specialist care.

Aims

To examine the current literature on the experiences and perspectives of those across healthcare interfaces for eating disorders, to include individuals with eating disorders, people close to or caring for those with eating disorders such as family and friends, and health professionals.

Method

To identify relevant papers, a systematic search of electronic databases was conducted. Other methods, including hand-searching, scanning reference lists and internet resources were also used. Papers that met inclusion criteria were analysed using a systematic methodology and synthesised using an interpretative thematic approach.

Results

Sixty-three papers met the inclusion criteria. The methodological quality was relatively good. The included papers were of both qualitative (n= 44) and quantitative studies (n= 24) and were from ten different countries. By synthesising the literature of these papers, three dominant themes were identified, with additional subthemes. These included: ‘the help-seeking process at primary care’; ‘expectations of care and appropriate referrals’ and ‘opposition and collaboration in the treatment of and recovery from eating disorders’.

Conclusions

This review identifies both facilitators and barriers in eating disorder healthcare, from the perspectives of those experiencing the interface first hand. The review provides recommendations for future research and practice.

Declaration of interest

None.
Local radio to promote mental health awareness: a public health initiative
Authors: Cocksedge Karen A. , Guliani Joshana , Henley William , Anderson Tamsyn , Roberts Sara , Reed Laurence , Skinnard Daphne , Fisher Sarah , Chapman Beth , Willcox Joanna , Wilkinson Ellen , Laugharne Richard , Shankar Rohit
Published: July 2019

Background

Public health strategies have focused largely on physical health. However, there is increasing recognition that raising mental health awareness and tackling stigma is crucial to reduce disease burden. National campaigns have had some success but tackling issues locally is particularly important.

Aims

To assess the public's awareness and perception of the monthly BBC Cornwall mental health phone-in programmes that have run for 8.5 years in Cornwall, UK (population 530 000).

Method

A consultation, review and feedback process involving a multiagency forum of mental and public health professionals, people with lived experience and local National Health Service trust's media team was used to develop a brief questionnaire. This was offered to all attendees at two local pharmacies covering populations of 27 000 over a 2-week period.

Results

In total, 14% (95% CI 11.9–16.5) were aware of the radio show, 11% (95% CI 9.0–13.1) have listened and the majority (76%) of those who listened did so more than once. The estimated reach is 70 000 people in the local population, of whom approximately 60 000 listen regularly. The show is highly valued among respondents with modal and median scores of 4 out of 5.

Conclusions

Local radio is a successful, cost-effective and impactful way to reach a significant proportion of the population and likely to raise awareness, reduce stigma and be well received. The format has been adopted in other regions thus demonstrating easy transferability. It could form an essential part of a public health strategy to improve a population's mental well-being.

Declaration of interest

W.H. received support from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) for the South West Peninsula UK. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. L.R. and D.S. were involved in delivering the programmes but had no role in their evaluation.
Cytocortex-dependent dynamics of Drosophila Crumbs controls junctional stability and tension during germ band retraction
Authors: Bajur Anna T. , Iyer K. Venkatesan , Knust Elisabeth
Published: July 2019

During morphogenesis, epithelia undergo dynamic rearrangements, which requires continuous remodelling of junctions and cell shape, but at the same time mechanisms preserving cell polarity and tissue integrity. Apico-basal polarity is key for the localisation of the machinery that enables cell shape changes. The evolutionarily conserved Drosophila Crumbs protein is critical for maintaining apico-basal polarity and epithelial integrity. How Crumbs is maintained in a dynamically developing embryo remains largely unknown. Here, we applied quantitative fluorescence techniques to show that, during germ band retraction, Crumbs dynamics correlates with the morphogenetic activity of the epithelium. Genetic and pharmacological perturbations revealed that the mobile pool of Crumbs is fine-tuned by the actomyosin cortex in a stage-dependent manner. Stabilisation of Crumbs at the plasma membrane depends on a proper link to the actomyosin cortex via an intact FERM-domain-binding site in its intracellular domain, loss of which leads to increased junctional tension and higher DE-cadherin (also known as Shotgun) turnover, resulting in impaired junctional rearrangements. These data define Crumbs as a mediator between polarity and junctional regulation to orchestrate epithelial remodelling in response to changes in actomyosin activity.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Anti-Mullerian hormone levels in female cancer patients of reproductive age in Indonesia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Harzif Achmad Kemal , Wiweko Budi , Addina Putri , Iswaranti Kartika , Silvia Melisa , Mariana Ana , Mutia Kresna , Sumapraja Kanadi , Muharam R , Pratama Gita
Published: July 2019

Background: Efforts in reproductive preservation for cancer patients have become one of the important aspects of cancer management. In fact, decline in reproductive function is known to occur after exposure to anti-cancer treatments. Measuring anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels is known to be the best parameter in predicting ovarian reserves, which indicates reproductive function. In total, 68% of cancer survivors of reproductive age who underwent anti-cancer treatments suffer from infertility. Meanwhile, ovarian reserves also decrease with increasing age. There is ongoing debate on whether the ovarian reserves of cancer patients could be reduced long before exposure to anti-cancer therapy. Therefore, it is important to know whether ovarian reserves in cancer patients decrease before or after anti-cancer therapy. This can help predict the reproductive function in such cases and the effectiveness of ovarian preservation efforts.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, comparing the AMH levels of 44 female cancer patients of reproductive age before cancer therapy, to 44 non-cancer patients of reproductive age (age matched). The biological ages from both groups were adjusted using the Indonesian Kalkulator of Oocytes.

Results: The median age in both groups was 28 years old. The AMH levels in the cancer group were found to be significantly lower in contrast to those in the non-cancer group (1.11 [0.08-4.65] ng/ml vs. 3.99 [1.19- 8.7]; p- value <0.001). Therefore, the biological age in the cancer group was 10 years older than that of the non-cancer group, indicating that ovarian aging occurs earlier in cancer patients.

Conclusions: AMH levels of cancer patients of reproductive age were already reduced before cancer therapy, given an older biological age, in contrast to that of the non-cancer patients. Proper counseling and implementation of fertility-preserving methods is highly recommended in this group of patients.
Microbiological basis of natural milk starter cultures
Authors: Сидоренко Олег , Sidoryenko Olyeg
Published: July 2019

The properties of lactobacilli sourdoughs, their morphological, physiological and biochemical features are considered. The presented information allows you to expand the characteristics of lactobacilli and yeast starters of national dairy products of different geographic areas.
Análisis de teorías y la nueva era de las organizaciones: adaptándose al nuevo ser humano.
Authors: Nery Kameta Sergio Alejandro , Celaya Figueroa Roberto , Prado Gamboa Carmen Alicia
Published: July 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar acerca de la nueva era de las organizaciones y el nuevo ser humano, abordando temas de las nuevas teorías organizacionales, las emergentes necesidades de las personas, la adaptabilidadal cambio por parte de las organizaciones y los aportes e implicaciones del análisis de éstas en base a la revisión de la literatura. La metodología utilizada fue analizar la información obtenida a partir de la literatura relevante. Como resultado se aprecia que existe una interrelación entre las organizaciones y el nuevo ser humanocausadas por la acelerada globalización, provocando cambios en la forma de relacionarse, sobre todo con la llegada de la Internet, que ha acortado brechas y facilitado la información al hacerla accesible para todas las personas y organizaciones. Como conclusiones se deja en claro la importancia de adaptarse de manera anticipada por parte de las organizaciones para poder ser exitosas frente a los cambios del entorno, sobre todo en las nuevas necesidades de las personas.
Propensión a la innovación tecnológica de las empresas manufactureras peruanas que no desarrollan actividades de Investigación y Desarrollo (I&D)
Authors: Del Carpio Gallegos Javier Fernando , Miralles Francesc
Published: July 2019

Hasta el momento, la mayoría de los estudios se han enfocado en las empresas que realizan actividades de investigación y desarrollo; sin embargo, creemos que es sustancial que se ponga más énfasis en las que no realizan estas actividades. En tal sentido, la presente investigación se ha fijado tres objetivos: analizar la relación entre las innovaciones no tecnológicas y las innovaciones tecnológicas, analizar cómo las actividades no relacionadas con la inversión en investigación y desarrollo permiten desarrollar innovaciones tecnológicas y analizar cómo las fuentes de conocimiento externas están asociadas con las innovaciones tecnológicas en las empresas de baja y baja media intensidad tecnológica (L&LMT). Basado en una muestra de 834 empresas L&LMT de manufactura peruanas y mediante la implementación de un modelo de regresión logística PROBIT, se analizaron las hipótesis. Se confirmó que las innovaciones no tecnológicas influyen en las innovaciones tecnológicas, y que muchas actividades, como la adquisición de maquinarias, favorecen la propensión en las innovaciones tecnológicas;además, se concluyó que las empresas L&LMT deben alentar aquellas actividades no necesariamente vinculadas a la investigación y desarrollo para realizar innovaciones tecnológicas.
Capacitación en las PYME dirigidas por mujeres en la ciudad de México
Authors: Camarena Adame María Elena
Published: July 2019

El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en realizar una caracterización de la capacitación de las PYME dirigidas por mujeres y analizar la relación entre el nivel de estudios de la empresaria y la aplicación de herramientas administrativas. Se aplicó un cuestionario directo estructurado a una muestra de 272 empresarias voluntarias de la Ciudad de México y se realizó un análisis descriptivo y correlacional. Los principales hallazgos muestran que la mayoría de las empresarias adquirieron conocimientos empresariales como parte de su herencia familiar, másde la mitad de ellas ha tomado cursos de capacitación empresarial, principalmente en temas de administración, contabilidad, comercialización y organización; un alto porcentaje de estas empresas no cuentan con programas de capacitación; existe relación entre el nivel de estudios de la empresaria y la aplicación de herramientasadministrativas para la organización y toma de decisiones. El no contar con programas de capacitación, limita el desarrollo de sus empresas, ya que la capacitación es un factor importante de generación de valor en las mismas, por lo que se hace indispensable que se incluya la capacitación desde el propio nacimiento de la empresa, para lograr un alto nivel de competitividad.
Hacia la construcción de una bioética administrativa: La bio-administración
Authors: Sanabria Rangel Pedro Emilio
Published: July 2019

Aquí se indaga por las relaciones entre bioética y administración en el marco del desarrollo tecnocientífico. Se realizó un análisis, desde la bioética global, a través un estudio interpretativo, cualitativo y exploratorio, desarrollado mediante un análisis documental sustentado en una revisión narrativa de la literatura. Se examinan las aproximaciones bioética-administración y el contexto general de la bioética global (complejidad), se señalan acercamientos y se revisa la posibilidad de fundamentar una bio-administración. Se reflexiona sobre la pertinencia de la relación planteada en una sociedad marcada por la tecnociencia. Aunque hay aproximaciones desde uno y otro campo, aún no existe un trabajo que los vincule explícitamente para constituir una bioética administrativa que permita comprender los conceptos generales de cada uno y sus vínculos. Se concluye que es posible realizar un vínculo o acercamiento ético transdisciplinar (confluencia entre vida y administración) para la comprensión de los problemas asociados con la existencia del ser humano, el concepto de vida, los riesgos generados por la tecnociencia y la revisión de los postulados éticos en el contexto de las organizaciones gestionables.
Business processes in technology and information services
Authors: Barrera Cámara Ricardo A. , Canepa Saenz Ana , Santiago Perez Judith , Barrientos Vera Verónica , Ruiz Vanoye Jorge , Díaz Parra Ocotrlán
Published: July 2019

En este trabajo definimos y simulamos procesos en una compañía que presta servicios de tecnología de la información con el propósito de mejorar la atención y las funciones definidas en cada proceso. Analizamos diversos trabajos con respecto a la gestión de procesos de negocios y simulación. Para nuestro modelo de desarrollo, diseñamos una metodología basada en la gestión de procesos de negocios. Los procesos y las actividades fueron modelados y simulados con la ayuda de una herramienta de software para estables los tiempos y el número deposibles estancias ejecutadas. Dichos tiempos y procesos pueden ser adaptados al nivel de rendimiento deseado. El resultado de dichos procesos contribuyó a la realización de actividades de negocio de tal manera que las mismas sean más eficientes con respecto al uso del tiempo y por lo tanto otorguen un servicio de alta calidad.
Una revisión teórica y metodológica sobre el estudio de la cultura en las organizaciones laborales
Authors: Arias-Sánchez Samuel
Published: July 2019

Nos planteamos analizar cómo la cultura organizacional se ha conceptualizado desde un punto de vista teórico, en qué medida se ha relacionado con otras variables organizacionales relevantes y qué problemas y dilemas podemos encontrar a nivel metodológico en las diferentes publicaciones al respecto. A través de la revisión de manuales de referencia y de las publicaciones más recientes sobre este concepto reflexionamos sobre algunos de los elementos más importantes considerados en la definición del mismo, y describimos su importancia en base a su relación con otros elementos organizacionales. Hemos detectado múltiples investigaciones que relacionan la cultura de una organización con el clima laboral, la satisfacción y el rendimiento de los empleados, sus deseos de marcharse e incluso su impacto en la cuenta de resultados de la empresa. También reflexionamos sobre las ventajas e inconvenientes de las dos principales aproximaciones metodológicas y en los debates actualmente más importantes abiertos sobre la investigación estos temas. Aunque se requiera mucha más investigación y acuerdo en torno a este concepto, se presentan resultados que consideramos cualquier investigador interesado en esta temática debiera conocer y plantearse antes de comenzar a investigar la cultura de una organización. La cultura organizacional es un concepto muy complejo de difícil definición y medición que presenta múltiples problemas para investigadores y gestores, pero que se demuestra clave en múltiples procesos organizacionales y en el éxito de las empresas que aprenden a gestionarla adecuadamente.
Word of Mouth, Observed Adoptions, and Anime-Watching Decisions: The Role of the Personal vs. the Community Network
Authors: Ameri Mina , Honka Elisabeth , Xie Ying
Published: July 2019

This paper studies how word of mouth and product adoptions from friends and the whole community affect individuals’ product adoption decisions in the context of anime.
Equine herpesviruses: a roundtable discussion
Authors: Ivens Philip , Rendle David , Kydd Julia , Crabtree James , Moore Sarah , Neal Huw , Knapp Simon , Bryant Neil , Newton J Richard
Published: July 2019

Foreword

There are nine different equid herpesviruses (EHVs). Five types (EHV-1 to EHV-5) infect the domestic horse, while EHV-6 to EHV-9 are associated with infections in wild equids including asses and zebra. This review focuses on the commonest and most important clinical pathogens, the alphaherpesviruses EHV-1 and 4. These are respiratory pathogens and are also responsible for abortion and neurological disease. Several aspects of the biology of these viruses makes their control challenging. In particular, latent infection and reactivation of infection under stress, with subsequent virus shedding, makes elimination of these viruses impossible. Biosecurity measures are important both for minimising the risk of an outbreak and for controlling any outbreak when it occurs. Recognition of the disease and confirmatory diagnosis are also important in order for appropriate biosecurity measures to be instigated. Vaccination in key demographic groups is also important to reduce severe clinical disease. Unfortunately many horse owners are unaware of EHV or the importance of biosecurity measures and vaccination for control.
Rheumatoid nodules in the lung parenchyma in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Satybaldyev A. M. , Ananyeva L. P.
Published: July 2019

Rheumatoid nodules (RNs) are one of the most common extra-articular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but are rarely located in lung tissue. The development of extra-articular (systemic) manifestations of RA is associated with the high levels of rheumatoid factor and anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies. The specific features of the course of RNs in lung tissue are their frequent occurrence with minimally pronounced joint inflammatory changes or remission. In rare cases, RNs are prone to disintegration and suppuration, which may be complicated by the formation of small caverns, hemoptysis, and, if located subpleurally, pneumothorax. In addition, there are publications on the possible relationship of the formation of RNs and their accelerated development to the administration of immunosuppressive drugs (methotrexate, tocilizumab, D-penicillamine, gold salts, leflunomide, infliximab, and other TNF-α inhibitors) and on the association of pulmonary RNs with methotrexate treatment. The paper describes a clinical case of a female patient with RA-systemic sclerosis overlap syndrome and RN formation in lung tissue early at disease onset when the DAS28 target level for RA has been achieved. The atypical outline of a pulmonary nodule has required a differential diagnostic search. The results of imaging RNs in the lung and their dynamics are shown. The given data are discussed.
EVALUASI PROGRAM DESA MANDIRI ANGGUR MERAH (ANGGARAN UNTUK RAKYAT MENUJU SEJAHTERA) DI KECAMATAN LAMBOYA KABUPATEN SUMBA
Authors: Awang Frengky Niga , Astuti Retno Sunu
Published: July 2019

The Government's commitment to empowering the Autonomous Region to eradicatepoverty today is very beneficial to the development of a region, but the commitment mustbe coupled with the willingness of the local government concerned and appropriatepolicies. The policy of the Red Grass Village Program in the form of providing capital tothe community in the form of farmer groups in Lamboya Sub-district is a form ofgovernment commitment to eradicate poverty in the area. The problem that occurred inthe policy of Red Mandiri Anggur Village Program is that the policy does not reduce thepoverty rate, does not encourage the empowerment of village institutions, and the absenceof new entrepreneurs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the success of the red winevillage self-service program policy by looking at Willyam Dunn's evaluation indicatorsof effectiveness, responsiveness, and accuracy. And to analyze the factors inhibiting thesuccess of Dedy Mulyadi policy that is the content of policies, implementers, andenvironment. This research uses a qualitative approach with a purposive technique todetermine key informant. The results of the evaluation indicate that the policy of MandiriAnggur Merah Village Program in Lamboya Sub-district of West Sumba Regency has notsucceeded in reducing the poverty level after the policy, unsuccessful to encourage theempowerment of village institutions and the creation of new entrepreneurs. While theobstacles to the success of the policy are the lack of clear policy content such asorganizing, the implementation of less socialized programs to the community and the lackof support from the community and government.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN ALOKASI DANA DESA DI DESA MARGASARI KECAMATAN MARGASARI KABUPATEN TEGAL
Authors: Kurniasih Yuni , Priyadi Budi Puspo
Published: July 2019

Village Allocation Fund is a fund allocated by the Government for village in Tegalregency, which rises from the central and balance financial of fund received by districtarea. The Village Fund Allocation as one of village income source is expected to financevarious development programme in the village so that it can improve the prosperity ofthe local community. Funds from districts are provided directly to villages to be managedby the Village Government. This research was meant to find out how the implementationof village allocation fund policy in Margasari village and knowing the influence factorsof this implementation. This research using qualitative research methods. The resultsshowed that the implementation of village allocation fund policy are still less effectivethat is seen from the precision implementation aspects such as society participation inplanning process, performance of implementers, compatibility allocation with regulation,accountability of Village Allocation Fund, and benefit of Village Allocation Fund forvillage autonomy. The factors that influence the implementation such as communication,resource policy, disposition of the implementor and bureaucratic structure are still lessoptimal too. Based on these conclusions, the researcher recommend to theimplementation agency should have high commitment and increase the quality of villagehuman resources and also take maximal advantages of financial sources in order toachieve the purpose of this policy.
Harmonic maps between two concentric annuli in 𝐑3
Authors: Kalaj David
Published: July 2019

Given two annuli

𝔸
⁢

(
r
,
R
)

{\mathbb{A}(r,R)}

and

𝔸
⁢

(

r
∗

,

R
∗

)

{\mathbb{A}(r_{\ast},R_{\ast})}

, in

𝐑
3

{\mathbf{R}^{3}}

equipped with the Euclidean metric and the weighted metric

|
y
|

-
2

{\lvert y\rvert^{-2}}

, respectively, we minimize the Dirichlet integral, i.e., the functional

ℱ
⁢

[
f
]

=

∫

𝔸
⁢

(
r
,
R
)

∥

D
⁢
f

∥

2

|
f
|

2

,

\mathscr{F}[f]=\int_{\mathbb{A}(r,R)}\frac{\lVert Df\rVert^{2}}{\lvert f\rvert%
^{2}},

where f is a homeomorphism between

𝔸
⁢

(
r
,
R
)

{\mathbb{A}(r,R)}

and

𝔸
⁢

(

r
∗

,

R
∗

)

{\mathbb{A}(r_{\ast},R_{\ast})}

, which belongs to the Sobolev class

𝒲

1
,
2

{\mathscr{W}^{1,2}}

.
The minimizer is a certain generalized radial mapping, i.e., a mapping of the form

f
⁢

(

|
x
|

⁢
η

)

=

ρ
⁢

(

|
x
|

)

⁢
T
⁢

(
η
)

{f(\lvert x\rvert\eta)=\rho(\lvert x\rvert)T(\eta)}

, where T is a conformal mapping of the unit sphere onto itself and

ρ
⁢

(
t
)

=

R
∗

⁢

(

r
∗

R
∗

)

R
⁢

(

r
-
t

)

(

R
-
r

)

⁢
t

{\rho(t)={R_{\ast}}\bigl{(}\frac{r_{\ast}}{R_{\ast}}\bigr{)}^{{\frac{R(r-t)}{(%
R-r)t}}}}

.
It should be noticed that, in this case, no Nitsche phenomenon occurs.
The Dwellers of Azû
Authors: Torrecilla Eduardo
Published: July 2019

This paper will focus on the individuals attested to in the 15 texts from Azû, with the objective of sketching the inner chronology of the corpus. The published studies on the Ekalte and Emar generations are also used to establish a chronological link between the three Syrian archives. In addition, data from the administrative apparatus of the city (institutions, professions, scribes) will be gathered for the sake of narrowing down the social and cultural contexts of the three Syrian archives from the Middle Euphrates before the Hittites assumed control of the area.
»La Sapienza«
Authors: Beese Christine
Published: July 2019

The following article will point out the way in which the roman Città Universitaria (1932 –1935) played a crucial role for the historiography of architecture in Italy. While the debate of the 1930ies was marked by negotiations of a genuine fascist art, essence and appropriate form, important historians and critics of the post-war era were engaged in establishing the master narrative of an ethical and progressive modernity in contrast to a retrograde and reprehensible traditionalism. The endeavor to take the Universities architecture and artwork in for a particular concept of artistic quality exerts a significant influence on todays estimation as well as handling of the building complex. By focusing on the issue of a ›true‹ modernity, architectural historians tend to lose sight of the planning program of the entire building complex, the political content of its spatial organization. Regarding its capacity of embodying ideologies, universities in contrast to government buildings are often underestimated as less telling. The article shows that at least the fascist regime used the university building complex as an important political instrument for performatively actualizing its educational policy, a policy which was indissolubly connected to the idea of forming the fascist ›uomo nuovo‹. Considering its continuous use for educational purposes the author suggests taking account of this aspect when valuing the actual qualities of the Città Universitaria.
Bauen im menschenfreundlichen Maßstab
Authors: Heckmann Irmhild
Published: July 2019

To build in human-friendly frame. Architecture and urban concept of the University of Passau

After 1945 the foundation of new universities in the Federal Republic of Germany consisted of three phases. The university of the independent city of Passau belongs not only to one of the last provisional universities in Bavaria, but also in the old Bonn Republic (commissioning winter semester 1978/1979). Main arguments for this new foundation were among others a tradition several centuries long as a place of education and research (Higher Education Institution of Jesuits 1622, Philosophical-Theological University 1923 –1978), equality of opportunity in the area of education anchored in Bavarian Constitution and the lack of university in the administrative district of Lower Bavaria. The legal anchoring for the location of the University of Passau in 1972 as well as the decision to a combined urban idea- and construction-competition in 1976 paved the way for the progressive realization of a modern campus area which was in spatial and structural connection with the four-wing complex of the former Augustinian Monastery of St. Nikola in west of the historic Old Town. Concerning the architectural and urban design of the new university, Passau, like other German cities, received inspiring ideas both from home and abroad, the model of the campus area being a good example. However, specific solutions related to the regional situation were searched and found in detail. The structural and landscaping design of the university area in Passau can be considered as an outstanding urban project. It’s relevance goes beyond Passau
Extensions of hom-Lie color algebras
Authors: Armakan Abdoreza , Silvestrov Sergei , Farhangdoost Mohammad Reza
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we study (non-Abelian) extensions of a given hom-Lie color algebra and provide a geometrical interpretation of extensions. In particular, we characterize an extension of a hom-Lie color algebra

𝔤

{\mathfrak{g}}

by another hom-Lie color algebra

𝔥

{\mathfrak{h}}

and discuss the case where

𝔥

{\mathfrak{h}}

has no center. We also deal with the setting of covariant exterior derivatives, Chevalley derivative, curvature and the Bianchi identity for possible extensions in differential geometry. Moreover, we find a cohomological obstruction to the existence of extensions of hom-Lie color algebras, i.e., we show that in order to have an extendible hom-Lie color algebra, there should exist a trivial member of the third cohomology.
Evolution, purification, and characterization of RC0497: a peptidoglycan amidase from the prototypical spotted fever species Rickettsia conorii
Authors: Patel Jignesh G. , Narra Hema P. , Sepuru Krishna Mohan , Sahni Abha , Golla Sandhya R. , Sahni Aishwarya , Singh Amber , Schroeder Casey L.C. , Chowdhury Imran H. , Popov Vsevolod L. , Sahni Sanjeev K.
Published: July 2019

Rickettsial species have independently lost several genes owing to reductive evolution while retaining those predominantly implicated in virulence, survival, and biosynthetic pathways. In this study, we have identified a previously uncharacterized Rickettsia conorii gene RC0497 as an N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase constitutively expressed during infection of cultured human microvascular endothelial cells at the levels of both mRNA transcript and encoded protein. A homology-based search of rickettsial genomes reveals that RC0497 homologs, containing amidase_2 family and peptidoglycan binding domains, are highly conserved among the spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae. The recombinant RC0497 protein exhibits α-helix secondary structure, undergoes a conformational change in the presence of zinc, and exists as a dimer at higher concentrations. We have further ascertained the enzymatic activity of RC0497 via demonstration of its ability to hydrolyze Escherichia coli peptidoglycan. Confocal microscopy on E. coli expressing RC0497 and transmission immunoelectron microscopy of R. conorii revealed its localization predominantly to the cell wall, septal regions of replicating bacteria, and the membrane of vesicles pinching off the cell wall. In summary, we have identified and functionally characterized RC0497 as a peptidoglycan hydrolase unique to spotted fever rickettsiae, which may potentially serve as a novel moonlighting protein capable of performing multiple functions during host-pathogen interactions.
Wide-Area Dynamic Sensing Method of Water Film Thickness on Asphalt Runway
Authors: Cai Juewei , Zhao Hongduo , Zhu Xingyi , Cao Jianfeng
Published: July 2019

Water film thickness is of great significance to the skid-resistant performance of an asphalt runway. Obtaining the precise information of water film thickness can help to assess the skid resistance with higher accuracy. This article proposes a wide-area dynamic sensing method of water film thickness on asphalt runway. The model, considering precipitation time-variability, runway geometry, and runway surface characteristics, is established to extract spatial temporal information of water film thickness dynamics on runway during intense rainfall. The model optimization is further conducted to deal with the problems of slope change, singularity issue, and time-spatial evolution of water film, which extends the single-point water film sensing to the large-area sensing. In order to evaluate the developed method, the calculations of water film thickness from the model are compared with the results obtained from a laboratory rainfall simulation experiment. The results show that the method has high accuracy in sensing the water film thickness and can realize a dynamic and whole-area acquisition of runway wet surface condition information. This method can provide data support for intelligent decision making of landing safety under rainfall conditions.
PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in pulmonary carcinoid tumors and their association to tumor spread
Authors: Vesterinen Tiina , Kuopio Teijo , Ahtiainen Maarit , Knuuttila Aija , Mustonen Harri , Salmenkivi Kaisa , Arola Johanna , Haglund Caj
Published: July 2019

Pulmonary carcinoid (PC) tumors are rare tumors that account for approximately 1% of all lung cancers. The primary treatment option is surgery, while there is no standard treatment for metastatic disease. As the number of PCs diagnosed yearly is increasing, there is a need to establish novel therapeutic options. This study aimed to investigate programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in PC tumors since blocking of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is a promising therapeutic option in various other malignancies. A total of 168 PC patients treated between 1990 and 2013 were collected from the Finnish biobanks. After re-evaluation of the tumors, 131 (78%) were classified as typical carcinoid (TC) and 37 (22%) as atypical carcinoid (AC) tumors. Primary tumor samples were immunohistochemically labeled for PD-1, PD-L1 and CD8. High PD-1 expression was detected in 16% of the tumors. PD-L1 expression was detected in 7% of TC tumors; all AC tumors were PD-L1 negative. PD-L1 expression was associated with mediastinal lymph-node metastasis at the time of diagnosis (P = 0.021) as well as overall metastatic potential of the tumor (P = 0.010). Neither PD-1 expression, PD-L1 expression nor CD8+ T cell density was associated with survival. In conclusion, PD-1 and PD-L1 were expressed in a small proportion of PC tumors and PD-L1 expression was associated with metastatic disease. Targeting of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway with immune checkpoint inhibitors may thus offer a treatment option for a subset of PC patients.
Bayan-Kol Gabbro–Granite Association (Western Sangilen, Southeastern Tuva): Composition, Age Boundaries, and Tectonic and Geodynamic Settings
Authors: Karmysheva I.V. , Vladimirov V.G. , Shelepaev R.A. , Rudnev S.N. , Yakovlev V.A. , Semenova D.V.
Published: July 2019

—The Bayan-Kol gabbro–granite association has been recognized within the West Sangilen fragment of collision zone in the northwestern framing of the Tuva–Mongolian massif, and its composition, age, and tectonic and geodynamic settings have been studied. The association includes the Bayan-Kol pluton and composite (mingling) dikes, which formed in the late collision period (495 ± 5 Ma), during the transition from transpression to extension mode with left-lateral strike-slip kinematics. The Bayan-Kol gabbro–granite association is spatially confined to the penetrating tectonic zones of the West Sangilen shear system. The position of gabbroid and granite bodies is controlled by local zones of tectonic extension. Basic magmas have a similar petrogeochemical composition, which indicates their intrusion from a single chamber of basic composition and differentiation of ascending magma. The melting, transfer, and formation of crustal granitoids of the Bayan-Kol association are genetically related to the thermal effect of basic melt and a syntectonic drop in lithostatic pressure. The intrusion and formation of basic and acid melts of the Bayan-Kol association took place at the lower and middle crustal levels in the settings of the reactivation and subsequent fragmentation of the tectonic zone.