bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPACT OF PESTICIDE (FENITROTHION) ON AQUATIC AND TERRESTRIAL ANIMALS: A REVIEW
Authors: Kalsoom Rabia , Sial Nuzhat , Maqbool Faisal
Published: November 2021

Pesticide contamination has become a significant public health problem globally because of their widespread use in the agriculture sector to increase crop yield and quality. The organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are extensively used for insect handling in agriculture due to their effectiveness against the insects and the restricted staying power in the environment. OPs can prevail prolong in the natural environment, causes pollution issues and produce a major problem to humans, animals and nature. The extensive application of OPs in public health and agricultural programs causes critical environmental pollution, which accounts for serious health issues due to acute or chronic poisoning in the living creatures. The Fenitrothion (FNT), from the organophosphate family, is the contact insecticide and the selective acaricide. This review article focuses on the adverse effects of pesticides on targeted and non-targeted organisms, including terrestrial and aquatic life. It includes organophosphates and their toxicity on humans and animals. The main focus is on Fenitrothion, its mechanism and its adverse toxic effect on animals and humans. Adverse effects of Fenitrothion (FNT) on blood cells, immunity, kidney, liver, reproductive system, genetic material, and other aspects are also studied. Oxidative stress has also been included as it is the main factor in pesticides. The objective of this review article is to precisely cover pesticides, mainly FNT. Keywords: Pollution, public health pests, agriculture, pesticides, organochlorine, Fenitrothion, systemic toxicity.
DNA METHYLATION IN PLANTS
Authors: Altaf Adil , Zada Ahmad
Published: November 2021

Common DNA methylation controls gene expression and preserves genomic integrity. Mal methylation can cause developmental abnormalities in the plants. Multiple enzymes carrying out de novo methylation, methylation maintenance, and active demethylation culminate in a particular DNA methylation state. Next-generation sequencing advances and computational methods to analyze the data. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana was used to study DNA methylation patterns, epigenetic inheritance, and plant methylation. Plant DNA methylation research reveals methylation patterns and describing variations in plant tissues. Determining the kinetics of DNA methylation in diverse plant tissues is also a new field. However, it is vital to understand regulatory and developmental decisions and use plant model species to develop new commercial crops; that are more resistant to stress and yield more. There are several methods available for assessing DNA methylation data. The performance of several techniques is assessed in A. thaliana, which has a smaller genome than hexaploid bread wheat. Keywords: DNA methylation, plants, process, use and benefits.
The Fourth Government
Authors: Qizi Nilufar Aliyeva Kochkar
Published: November 2021

Annotation: As the influence of journalism as a "fourth power" expands, it becomes more and more criticized by various social forces. If the objections are really well-founded - the journalist's (publication, program) confession, the right attitude - is to accept, acknowledge, correct the criticism. It is one thing for a journalist (publication, program) to object to a course of action. Keywords: Journalism, principle, debate, authority, protest, criticism, publication, fact, position, objective, pure information audience, approach, etc.
Affect mediates the influence of the "Three Good Things" intervention on depression and well-being
Authors: Wu Shuman
Published: November 2021

The "Three Good Things" is a self-administered positive psychological intervention that is effective in reducing depressive symptoms and improving well-being; however, there is still little known about its possible underlying mechanisms. I examined the efficacy of the Three Good Things
intervention and investigated the mediating role of positive and negative affect in the intervention's effect on depressive symptoms and subjective well-being. Participants were undergraduate students randomly assigned to either the intervention group ( n = 128), who participated in
a 16-week trial of the intervention and completed assessment measures, or to the control group (n = 121), who completed assessment measures but not the intervention. The three time points for assessment were Week 1 (baseline), Week 8 (Time 1), and Week 16 (Time 2). The results show
that levels of depression and negative affect were lower in the intervention group than in the control group at Time 2, whereas positive affect and subjective well-being were higher. Thus, the intervention can reduce depression and promote well-being by reducing negative affect and improving
positive affect.
Explicit and implicit attitudes toward people with COVID-19: Need for community mental health services
Authors: Choi Yun Jung , Cho Dong Hee
Published: November 2021

During the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, social stigmatization of people who have been infected with the virus has been observed. This study measured the degree of social stigma by examining implicit and explicit attitudes toward people with COVID-19. Explicit attitudes were measured
through self-reporting, taking into account the three components of behavior, cognition, and emotion, and we used the Single-Category Implicit Association Test to assess implicit attitudes. The findings show that explicit attitudes toward people with COVID-19 were positive, whereas implicit
attitudes trended toward being negative. The results suggest that mental health services and policies are needed to reduce social stigma and prevent the risk of mental health problems among people who have been infected with COVID-19.
Traceability in food supply chains: a systematic literature review and future research directions
Authors: Zhou Xiongyong , Xu Zhiduan
Published: November 2021

The food traceability system (TS) provides visual services for consumers by recording every operation procedure of food supply, processing, marketing as well as distribution throughout the supply chain. This study aims to review the academic papers which are related to food supply chain traceability (FSCT) and proposes a framework for future research. To do this, we carry out a systematic literature review of 278 peer-reviewed scientific literature published between 1994 and September 2019. By classifying the FSCT into pre-study and post-study of TS implementation, this study reveals a number of future research directions of FSCT based on thematic findings and points out that the focus on such issues has shifted to the post-adoption study of TSs. This study further categorizes nine specific research topics from past literature and identifies specific opportunities of each theme for future research.
Pembuatan Karbon Aktif dari Cangkang Buah Karet dengan Aktivator H3PO4 untuk Adsorpsi Logam Besi (III) dalam Larutan
Authors: Arofah Siti , Naswir M , Yasdi Yasdi
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas karbon aktif yang terbuat dari cangkang buah karet sebagai adsorben untuk penjerapan logam besi (III) dalam larutan. Proses karbonisasi dilakukan pada suhu 400 oC dan 500 oC selama 1 jam dengan variasi ukuran adsorben 80 mesh dan 120 mesh. Selanjutnya dilakukan aktivasi kimia menggunakan H3PO4 10 % selama 24 jam. Hasil uji spesifikasi menunjukkan bahwa karbon aktif terbaik pada sampel karbon ukuran 120 mesh dan suhu 500 oC dengan kadar air sebesar 4,1%. Kadar abu terendah dimiliki oleh sampel 80 mesh dan suhu 500 oC sebesar 0,5%. Daya jerap terbaik dimiliki oleh sampel karbon ukuran 120 mesh dan suhu 500 oC terhadap iodin sebesar 5.681 mg/g dan daya jerap terhadap metilen biru sebesar 18,8 mg/g. Karakterisasi karbon aktif cangkang buah karet menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan gugus fungsi dan kandungan senyawa yang terdapat pada karbon sebelum dan setelah di aktivasi oleh H3PO4. Untuk proses adsorpsi karbon aktif terhadap larutan logam besi (III) waktu kontak terbaik adalah 90 menit dengan massa karbon aktif 0,5 gram menunjukkan efisiensi penjerapan sebesar 68%. Model isoterm yang tepat terhadap adsorpsi pada penelitian ini adalah model isoterm Freundlich.
Actual perspective on off-pump transapical artificial chord implantation
Authors: Colli Andrea
Published: November 2021

Mitral valve repair (MVR) is undisputedly associated with better
clinical and functional outcomes than any other type of valve
substitute. Conventional mitral valve surgery in dedicated high-volume
centers can assure excellent results in terms of mortality and freedom
from mitral regurgitation (MR) recurrence but requires cardiopulmonary
bypass (CPB) and cardioplegic heart arrest. Trying to replicate the
percentage of success of surgical MVR is the aim of all new
transcatheter mitral dedicated devices. In particular transapical
beating-heart mitral valve repair by artificial chordae implantation
with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guidance is an expanding
field. The safety and feasibility of the procedure have already been
largely demonstrated with Neochord and more recently with Harpoon
systems. Wang et al. present the outcomes of the first-in-human
experience using a novel artificial chordae implantation device, the
Mitralstitch system. Despite a quite small cohort of only 10 patients
treated, 1-year results are satisfying and comparable to the early
experience with former devices (4 patients with moderate or more MR
recurrence). The comparison with surgical MVR is still unfavorable and
requires further studies and significant procedure improvement. However,
the device permits the treatment of anterior and posterior leaflets
prolapse and performs quite easily edge-to-edge reparation. It will be
interesting to evaluate longer follow-up in larger cohorts of patients
as well as the possibility to shift to the transfemoral approach.
Productive capacity of the maize for silage crop grown in disturbed irrigation regime
Authors:   Agricultural Institute, Stara Zagora, Bazitov Rumen , Mihaylova Milena ,   Agricultural Institute, Stara Zagora
Published: November 2021

An experiment was conducted with maize for silage as a main irrigation culture in the experimental field of the Agricultural Institute - Stara Zagora. The following variations have been tested: variation 1 - no irrigation (sentinel); variation 2 - optimal irrigation, 80%-85% of FC (100% irrigation); variation 3 - Irrigation as variation 2 but with first irrigation cancelled; variation 4 - irrigation as variation 2 but with second irrigation cancelled; variation 5 - irrigation as variation 2, but with third irrigation cancelled. On the basis of a chemical analysis of the sudangrass forage for the raw protein content, FUM, FUG and PDI were defined. It was found that the highest yield of raw maize protein grown as the main crop was obtained from the optimal irrigation variation, both in the non-fertilized and the fertilized variation, respectively with 1023.5 kg / ha and 1303.5 kg / ha. The optimal water supply of maize provides the highest energy efficiency of the forage expressed in FUM -15022.8 kg / ha, FUG -15584.4 kg / da, PDI - 1060 kg / ha for non fertilized variations and FUM -16873.5 kg / ha, FUG -17516.3 kg / ha, PDI-1219 kg / ha with fertilizer applied.
Regularities in the formation of entomofauna in alfalfa agrocenosis
Authors:   Institute of Forage Crops, Department “Forage production”, Nikolova Ivelina
Published: November 2021

The field work was performed at the experimental field of the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria during the period of 2006-2009. The share distribution of the orders Coleoptera, Thysanoptera, Diptera, Orthoptera and Hemiptera, suborder Sternorrhyncha, Heteroptera, Fulgoromorpha and Cicadomorpha was established for every four alfalfa growth cycles during the vegetation period for four years. It was found that the share participation of orders was determined primarily by the population dynamics of the dominant insect species and it was closely dependent on plant development following a characteristic course over the years. Depending on the food specialization and the division of the species into harmful and beneficial, the share of predators in regrowth corresponded to that of their prey. A clear trend was observed of increasing the share of harmful species and reducing the beneficial ones (Coleoptera, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera: Heteroptera) with the alfalfa development over the years.
Stability analysis of the new cotton lines
Authors:   Agricultural Academy, Field Crops Institute, Chirpan, Koleva Minka , Dimitrova Valentina ,   Agricultural Academy, Field Crops Institute, Chirpan
Published: November 2021

The genotype × environment interaction and the stability of eight cotton lines and the standard variety were studied during 2014-2017. The years of the study appeared to be as different ecological environments. The stability variances (2i and S2i) of Shukla (1972) and YSi index of Kang (1993) were calculated. It was found that the cotton genotypes tested interacted significantly with the environmental (year) conditions in terms of seed cotton yields, boll weigt, fiber length and lint persentage. For an effective selection of these traits, the genotypes had to be tested in different years at diverse environmental conditions and a calculation of the phenotypic stability parameters was necessary for a more precise selection. Based on Sukla’s variance stability parameters the breeding usefull stability was observed for all studed traits. Some lines were stable for more than one traits. Line 553 was found to be stable for the seed cotton yield, boll weight and lint percentage, lines 489 and 457 – for the boll weight and fiber length. These lines appeared to be very suitable for inclusion in crosses. According to Kang’s YSi index the complex breeding value (the average level of trait and stability) was found in: line 553 for the seed coton yield, boll weight, fiber length and lint percentage; line 489 for the boll weight, fiber length and lint percentage; line 535 for the seed coton yield and boll weight; line 449 for the boll weight and fiber length; line 457 for the fiber length. These lines are very suitable for the cotton breeding programs to create genotypes with a high expression and high stability of the traits.
The shrinking projection method for solving split best proximity point and equilibrium problems
Authors: Suantai Suthep , Tiammee Jukrapong
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we propose a new explicit iteration method using shrinking
projection for solving the split best proximity point and equilibrium
problems. We prove its strong convergence under some suitable conditions in
Hilbert spaces. A numerical example are given to illustrate the effectiveness
of the proposed algorithm.
The reverse total weighted distance problem on networks with variable edge lengths
Authors: Nguyen Kien , Hung Nguyen
Published: November 2021

We address the problem of reducing the edge lengths of a network within a
given budget so that the sum of weighted distances from each vertex to
others is minimized. We call this problem the reverse total weighted
distance problem on networks. We first show that the problem is NP-hard by
reducing the set cover problem to it in polynomial time. Particularly, we
develop a linear time algorithm to solve the problem on a tree. For the
problem on cycles, we devise an iterative approach without mentioning the
exact complexity. Additionally, if the cycle has uniform edge lengths, we
can prove that the specified approach runs in O(n3) time as each edge of the
cycle can be reduced at most once, where n is the number of vertices in the
underlying cycle.
N(k)-contact metric manifolds with generalized Tanaka-Webster connection
Authors: Ünal İnan , Altın Mustafa
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we characterize N(k)-contact metric manifolds with generalized
Tanaka-Webster connection. We obtain some curvature properties. It is proven
that if an N(k)-contact metric manifold with generalized Tanaka-Webster
connection is K-contact then it is an example of generalized Sasakian space
form. Also, we examine some flatness and symmetric conditions of concircular
curvature tensor on an N(k)-contact metric manifolds with generalized
Tanaka-Webster connection.
Better numerical approximation by λ-Durrmeyer-Bernstein type operators
Authors: Radu Voichiţa , Agrawal Purshottam , Singh Jitendra
Published: November 2021

The main object of this paper is to construct a new Durrmeyer variant of the
?-Bernstein type operators which have better features than the classical
one. Some results concerning the rate of convergence in terms of the first
and second moduli of continuity and asymptotic formulas of these operators
are given. Moreover, we define a bivariate case of these operators and
investigate the approximation degree by means of the total and partial
modulus of continuity and the Peetre?s K-functional. A Voronovskaja type
asymptotic and Gr?ss-Voronovskaja theorem for the bivariate operators is
also proven. Further, we introduce the associated GBS (Generalized Boolean
Sum) operators and determine the order of convergence with the aid of the
mixed modulus of smoothness for the B?gel continuous and B?gel
differentiable functions. Finally the theoretical results are analyzed by
numerical examples.
Review of internal cyber attacks in nuclear facilities and an artificial neural network model for implementing internal cyberforensics
Authors: Campos Brandyn , Alamaniotis Miltiadis
Published: November 2021

Deployment of digital technologies within a modern shift in cyber defense
systems is essential for protecting the energy production units. One of the
important components of defense is cyberforensics: once an attack has been
detected to locate its origin. In this paper, a review of well-known
cyberattacks in nuclear facilities is provided, with the lessons learned
leading to the development of a machine learning approach implementing
identification of internal at- tacks in the facility's data networks. Our
approach may be seen as one of the layers in a defense-in-depth strategy
that identifies if the attack comes from inside, which may result in
identifying faster the attacker's origin. The presented model exploits
network packet examination to cast accurate predictions on detailing the
origin of malicious network connections. The approach fuses multiple
mathematical functions within an artificial neural network to provide a
response in the form of 0/1, i. e., whether the attack is identified as
internal or not. The utilization of a variety of test cases is developed to
explore the relevance and validity of the predictive approach. The proposed
implementation is examined with network data packet variance, and the
results obtained exhibit a highly accurate detection rate.
Review of the thermoluminescent dosimetry method for the environmental dose monitoring
Authors: Stankovic-Petrovic Jelena , Knezevic Zeljka , Krzanovic Nikola , Majer Marija , Zivanovic Milos , Ciraj-Bjelac Olivera
Published: November 2021

Passive solid state dosimeters, such as thermoluminescence dosimeters,
provide integrated measurement of the total dose and are widely used in
environmental monitoring programs. The objective of this paper
is to provide a comprehensive review on the use of thermoluminescent dosimetry methods for monitoring radiation dose in the environment. The
article presents the part of the research results of the project PREPAREDNESS (EMPIR 2016 call for Metrology for Environment joint research project)
with a particular objective to harmonize procedures used by
dosimetry services, relevant authorities and Institutes across the Europe. To
achieve this, different monitoring routines that are based on passive environ
mental dosimetry methods are investigated. Differences in performing
specific steps such as preheating, reading, annealing, minimizing fading, and others, are analyzed. The investigation was performed by
means of qualitative literature review that showed the lack of information about specific steps. The conclusion of this work is that
thermoluminescent dosimetry measurement system has to be type-tested
even though the testing procedure is complicated. In addition to this,
control dosimeters should be introduced, International Organization
for Standardization protocols should be followed during calibration, and
finally, parameters influencing the measurement uncertainty have to be
identified and well understood in order to pro duce ac cu rate dose measurement results.
The Pricing of IPO Audit Specialization and Subsequent Issuer Underpricing
Authors: Park Jung Eun , Massel Norman
Published: November 2021

SYNOPSIS

We study the costs and benefits to the issuer of engaging an initial public offering (IPO) auditor specialist. We measure IPO auditor specialization and then find that IPO specialist auditors earn significant fee premiums relative to IPO auditors without specialization and that clients with an IPO specialist auditor exhibit lower levels of underpricing relative to clients without an IPO specialist auditor. We also demonstrate that IPO specialist auditors provide higher quality audits than IPO auditors without IPO audit specialization, finding that their IPO clients have a lower likelihood of financial misstatement and have lower discretionary accruals. Collectively, our results have important implications for the auditing profession and capital markets because we demonstrate empirical evidence of the costs and benefits of engaging IPO specialist auditors.
One-year comparative assessment of retention of arch width increases between modified vacuum-formed and Hawley retainers:
Authors: Ashari Asma , Xian Lew , Syed Mohamed Alizae Marny Fadzlin , Wahab Rohaya Megat Abdul , Kit Yeoh Chiew , Tata Malathi Deva , Sinnasamy Sindhu , Kuppusamy Elavarasi
Published: November 2021

Objectives

To compare the clinical effectiveness of Hawley retainers (HRs) and modified vacuum-formed retainers (mVFRs) with palatal coverage in maintaining transverse expansion during a 12-month retention period.

Materials and Methods

Data were collected from postorthodontic treatment patients who met the inclusion criteria. A total of 35 patients were randomly allocated using a centralized randomization technique into either mVFR (n = 18) or HR group (n = 17). The outcome assessor and data analyst were blinded to the retention method. Dental casts of patients were evaluated at debond, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months of retention. Intercanine width (ICW), interpremolar width (IPMW), interfirst molar mesiobuccal cusp width 1 (IFMW1), and interfirst molar distobuccal cusp width 2 (IFMW2) were compared between groups over time using mixed analysis of variance.

Results

No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups for ICW (P = .76), IPMW (P = .63), IFMW1 (P = .16), and IFMW2 (P = .40) during the 12-month retention period.

Conclusions

The null hypothesis could not be rejected. HR and mVFR had similar clinical effectiveness in the retention of transverse expansion cases during a 12-month retention period.
Genetic Control of Splicing at SIRPG Modulates Risk of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Smith Morgan J. , Pastor Lucia , Newman Jeremy R.B. , Concannon Patrick
Published: November 2021

Signal regulatory protein SIRPγ (CD172G) is expressed on the surface of lymphocytes, where it acts by engaging its ligand, CD47. SIRPG, which encodes SIRPγ, contains a nonsynonymous coding variant, rs6043409, which is significantly associated with risk for type 1 diabetes. SIRPG produces multiple transcript isoforms via alternative splicing, all encoding potentially functional proteins. We show that rs6043409 alters a predicted exonic splicing enhancer, resulting in significant shifts in the distribution of SIRPG transcript isoforms. All of these transcript isoforms produced protein upon transient expression in vitro. However, CRISPR/Cas9 targeting of one of the alternatively spliced exons in SIRPG eliminated all SIRPγ expression in Jurkat T cells. These targeted cells formed fewer cell-cell conjugates with each other than with wild-type Jurkat cells, expressed reduced levels of genes associated with CD47 signaling, and had significantly increased levels of cell-surface CD47. In primary CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, cell-surface SIRPγ levels in response to anti-CD3 stimulation varied quantitatively by rs6043409 genotype. Our results suggest that SIRPG is the most likely causative gene for type 1 diabetes risk in the 20p13 region and highlight the role of alternative splicing in lymphocytes in mediating the genetic risk for autoimmunity.
Norsk ungdomsforskning: Røtter og samtidsforståelser
Authors: Pedersen Willy , Ødegård Guro
Published: November 2021

Throughout the 1950s, as psychology, sociology and criminology developed as academic disciplines in Norway, researchers within these disciplines began publishing scattered reports on youth. In the 1970s and ‘80s, The Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (the so-called Birmingham school) became a global inspiration for youth researchers. In Norway, the Centre’s studies on e.g. style and resistance in particular were replicated by qualitative youth researchers. However, the establishment of UNGforsk in 1991 fundamentally changed the youth research milieu in Norway. Over the course of a few years, a group of 15–20 researchers developed a secure base and continued to publish studies based on qualitative interviews and fieldwork. However, the defining features of the milieu were representative surveys of youth in numerous local communities and a large and national representative longitudinal study – Young in Norway. The participants in this study are now in their mid-40s and are still followed up in surveys and register data. UNGforsk gradually became part of the Norwegian Social Research (NOVA) institute at Oslo Metropolitan University. After 30 years, the youth research section still remains the key youth research institution in Norway. A rich and solid infrastructure of regular national surveys (UNGDATA), annual conferences and a Nordic youth research journal has developed through the institute. Its research is continually cited in mainstream Norwegian media, and the researchers regularly take part in expert groups developing Norwegian youth policy.
Når ungdom ruser seg
Authors: Bilgrei Ola Røed , Bakken Anders , Pedersen Willy
Published: November 2021

Traditionally, the use of cannabis has been associated with more deviance and psychosocial problems than the use of alcohol among adolescents in Norway. Drawing on national survey data, we present trends in the use of both substances since the early nineties and ask: Are cannabis users still characterized by more psychosocial problems compared to those who only drink alcohol? Moreover, how do young people evaluate the health harms associated with alcohol and cannabis use? We show that the use of alcohol declined rapidly after the turn of the millennium, while the use of cannabis currently seems to be on the rise. Immigration from non-European countries is associated with the reduction in alcohol use. However, adolescents with backgrounds from certain countries, particularly in the Middle East, combine alcohol abstinence with the use of cannabis. Overall, the cannabis users are more frequently involved in rule-breaking behaviour and have poorer mental health compared to those who only drink alcohol, although they are quite similar to alcohol users in terms of relations to friends, peers and school. We also find that the youngest adolescents rate cannabis as much more harmful than alcohol. However, by the age of 17–18, boys rate alcohol as slightly more harmful than cannabis. Finally, we discuss these findings in relation to the increasing digitalisation of young people’s lives.
«Jævla terrorist!» Muslimhets og hverdagsmotstand
Authors: Banafsheh Azin , Ellefsen Rune , Sandberg Sveinung
Published: November 2021

Research has revealed widespread anti-Muslim sentiment in Norway. Little knowledge exists, however, on the types of anti-Muslim hostility that Muslims experience and how they react to it. Based on interviews with 90 young Norwegian Muslims, we describe widespread forms of anti-Muslim hostility and discuss the strategies that Muslims use in response to stigma and prejudice. The forms of hostility that these Muslim youths most frequently described, and which they said affected them most in their daily lives, were those expressed during face-to-face encounters. The ways in which the young Muslims dealt with hostility demonstrate that they are far from passive victims. Rather, they actively engaged in attempts to reduce the impact of hostility and to challenge prejudices against Islam and Muslims through various forms of everyday resistance. We argue that these ways of responding to anti-Muslim sentiment can be perceived as a repertoire of everyday resistance, that is, a set of ways to resist hostility that are relatively well-known and regularly employed by Muslims both in our study – and beyond.
Det politiske generasjonsgapet
Authors: Bergh Johannes , Steen-Johnsen Kari , Ødegård Guro
Published: November 2021

In the last few years, there has been a rise in political activism among young people across the democratic world. We have seen them protesting against racism and demanding stricter climate policies. This chapter deals with political participation, values and the political agenda of young people in Norway over the last 20 years. Have there been changes over time, perhaps linked to digitalization and globalization, during this period? Have these developments led to a political generation gap between young people, adults and the elderly? Our analyses do indeed reveal an increasing age gap in which young people have different political preferences than persons in the older age groups. While these differences are greater now than at any other point in the last 20 years, they still remain moderate. Young people hold more radical positions on climate policy, they are more liberal concerning immigration, and they are somewhat to the right of the adult population when it comes to economic policy. Voter turnout and other forms of political participation have increased among people under the age of 30. Younger people are more prone to mobilize for political activism on digital platforms through their social networks than people in the older age groups are. Using perspectives from the sociology of generations, we discuss the implications of our findings for the political mobilization of young people in a digital future.
Ungdomsidrettens spenninger
Authors: Strandbu Åse , Stefansen Kari , Smette Ingrid , Seippel Ørnulf
Published: November 2021

Youth sports are both unifying and dividing, and two of the many paradoxes in youth sports are discussed in this chapter. The first is sports as fun and play – while being highly controlled and structured. The second paradox is youth sports as an arena for competition – and for inclusion and belonging. We address the meaning of sports, and especially these seeming incompatibilities, based on interviews with young sportspersons and their parents. The analyses show that while young people are not much bothered by the tension between play and structure, the second paradox is more challenging. We conclude that the inner logic of sport – competition – is a source of joy, meaning and community, but also has the potential to pose a threat to the sense of community. Finally, we discuss how youth sports can exist with such paradoxes.
En plaget ungdomsgenerasjon?
Authors: Madsen Ole Jacob , Soest Tilmann von
Published: November 2021

In this chapter we present an overview of the prevalence of and trends in psychological distress among Norwegian adolescents, including self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression. We specifically highlight Ungdata surveys from 2010 to 2020, which show a gradual increase in mental health problems for both genders and particularly alarming measurements from 2015 onwards. We discuss different explanations for this increase, in particular social media use, school stress and social and economic inequality. Moreover, because psychological distress is assessed primarily via young people’s self-reporting, we inquire – in line with the ideal of reflexivity – whether an increased focus on young people’s mental health can become a self-fulfilling prophecy. Finally, we ask what should be done, and we discuss whether the introduction of the interdisciplinary topic health and life skills in Norwegian schools is in fact helpful. Our conclusion is that this measure may fail to properly address the most likely underlying causes for youths’ increased report of psychological distress, and effective measures will most likely have to involve political and economic resolutions.
FEATURES OF USING MODERN INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION
Authors: Redko I.
Published: November 2021

The problem of the quality of higher education in Ukraine has always occupied one of the first places in the national rating. Since the improvement of the quality of training is an urgent problem in the system of postgraduate education, a modern approach to the process of training doctors-students in advanced training courses and doctors-interns should include the introduction of new educational (pedagogical, information and telecommunication) technologies. In the context of the COVID-19 coronavirus infection pandemic, all higher medical institutions have to increasingly change the generally accepted and time-tested approaches to providing quality education to doctors and introduce modern innovative technologies into the educational process. The experience and analysis of the features of the introduction of modern innovative technologies at the postgraduate stage of education presented in the article will help to significantly improve the effectiveness of mastering both the theoretical and practical part of training in each medical specialty.
The effects of Pinus brutia bark extract on pure and mixed continuous cultures of rumen bacteria and archaea, and fermentation characteristics in vitro
Authors:   Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey, Demirtas Ahu , Musa Saad A. A. , Salgirli-Demirbas Yasemin , Ozturk Hakan , Pekcan Mert , Toprak Nese N. , Safak Etkin , Unler Melis , Saral Begum , Saral Begum
Published: November 2021

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of Pinus brutia bark extract, which is rich in polyphenolic compounds of tannins, on both pure and mixed continuous cultures of rumen bacteria and archaea, as well as on rumen fermentation characteristics in vitro. Antimicrobial susceptibility assay with pure cultures was carried out in an anaerobic chamber. Pinus brutia bark extract exhibited a potential inhibitor activity (P<0.05) against pure cultures of Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Eubacterium ruminantium, and Methanobacterium formicicum while a growth stimulatory effect (P<0.05) was observed for Ruminoccocus albus, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, and Streptococcus bovis. Pinus brutia bark extract only had a potential inhibitor effect (P<0.05) on R. albus at the highest dose (1200 µg/mL). Pinus brutia bark extract also stimulated (P<0.05) the growth of pure cultures of Fibrobacter succinogenes, while it did not affect Megasphaera elsdenii, except at the highest dose. The effects of two doses (75 and 375 mg/L) of P. brutia bark extract on in vitro mixed cultures and rumen fermentation parameters were determined by the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec). Supplementation with P. brutia bark extract led to a quadratic decrease (P<0.05) in the cell numbers of R. flavefaciens. Production of total and individual short chain fatty acids (SCFA), acetate to propionate ratio (C2/C3), total protozoa, ruminal pH, and dry matter digestibility (DMD) did not change in the presence of P. brutia bark extract. Supplementation with both doses of P. brutia bark extract decreased (P<0.05) the ammonia-N concentrations. Ammonia-N concentration was lowest in the high-supplemented group (P<0.05). As a conclusion, inhibitory effects of P. brutia bark extract on some species in the pure cultures were in the same direction as with mixed ruminal cultures, while stimulatory effects disappeared. The lack of inhibitory effects on protozoa and on a large number of Gram-positive rumen bacteria in the mixed cultures suggests that its mechanism of action is not exactly similar to antibiotics. Although P. brutia bark extract did not alter ruminal SCFA, it could have potential to improve ruminal protein utilization without depressing rumen microbial fermentation.
Education to inhabit the contemporary world: perceptions of students in Catholic schools
Authors: Guimarães Eder , Dabin Pedro
Published: November 2021

This article analyzes part of the data collected in a doctoral research on the place of Catholic schools in the contemporary educational scenario, based on the perception of various actors in education: managers, educators, pastoralists and students. Linked to the National University of Rosario, Argentina, the research defines as one of its objectives to problematize the perceptions of High School students about their experience of schooling. 157 students from 6 Catholic schools in Belo Horizonte/MG presented their perceptions of school life through a written questionnaire and a drawing. The data were analyzed using Qualitative Epistemology and its concept of subjective meanings. Based on their experience in the Catholic school, students evaluate how the plastered educational system prevents the development of more integral educational and focused on human development processes; report the traditionalism that runs through schooling today; demonstrate difficulty in identifying the school’s contribution to their formation and definition of life project; and attribute different meanings to school education, according to their trajectory in the Catholic school.
Tatalaksana Anestesi pada Pasien Anak dengan Cystic Craniopharyngioma yang Menjalani Gamma Knife Radiosurgery
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine Universitas Pelita Harapan Tangerang Indonesia, Widiastuti Monika , A. Halimi Radian , Fuadi Iwan ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia, Rahardjo Sri ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Bisri Tatang ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia
Published: November 2021

Craniopharyngioma is a benign tumor characterized by cystic and calcification, surrounded by vital structures therefor it is difficult to perform total tumor resection. Combination with Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is the best treatment option. The complexities of GKRS consisting of several phases lasts for 6-10 hours. Anesthesia is needed for uncooperative patients. This is a case of a 4-year-old girl with cystic craniopharyngioma. The patient had chief complaint of blurry vision, physical examinations revealed bilateral papil atrophy. Result of MRI showed tumor mass compressing inferior hypophyse. Patient underwent the procedure under moderate sedation with Propofol at 75 mcg/kg/min for 6 hours. Intraoperative hemodynamic condition was stable without adverse events. Choice of anesthesia either general anesthesia or sedation, depends on the condition of patient, considerations from anesthesiologist dan neurosurgeon, dan availability of facilities. Unique considerations for GKRS are; a non-operating room anesthesia, long duration, transportation to other units such as radiology and cathlab, head of the patients need to be immobilized to prevent frame displacement, the patient will be alone in the treatment room, and principles of pediatric anesthesia and neuroanesthesia.
The Biophilic Approach to Qualify the Inhabitant-Nature Relationship in the Domestic Space: The Case of the City of El Kala, Algeria
Authors: Djouad Fatima Zahra
Published: November 2021

El Kala is a city on the edge of eastern Algeria, located in an exceptional natural landscape, classified as a world biosphere reserve in 1990 by UNESCO. The diversity of nature within the domestic space leads to research and study its place and value for the inhabitants and encourages to think about how to qualify the relationship between inhabitants and nature through the domestic space. This study is based on a biophilic approach, adapted to the architectural scale, based on a landscape and architectural analysis. The results obtained show that the observed biophilic design is only a means to build a relationship with nature by the inhabitants. The objective of this article is to highlight the contribution of the biophilic approach in determining the behaviour of the inhabitants of the city of El Kala.
Valorization Methodology for Agriculture Sector Climate Change Mitigation Measures
Authors: Gancone Agita , Pubule Jelena , Blumberga Dagnija
Published: November 2021

Agriculture sector holds an essential role in Latvia’s economy and play significant role in keeping rural areas as a habitable environment (approximately 32 % of the population lives in rural areas). The agricultural sector is responsible for 28.5 % (2018) of total non-European Union Emissions Trading System (non – EU ETS) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Latvia. The largest part of emissions is related to agricultural soils (59.3 %) and enteric fermentation 32.6 % (mainly dairy and beef cattle). The GHG emissions trend of recent years shows a gradual and steady increase in GHG emissions for example between 2005 and 2018 +12.5 % and during the period 2013–2018 emissions increased by 2.12 %. According to Latvia’s National Energy and Climate Plan 2021–2030 (NECP), total GHG emissions in the agricultural sector are expected to increase in the period from 2020 to 2030, mainly in the enteric fermentation and agricultural soil categories. To achieve determined targets for Latvia’s non-EU ETS sector in 2030 and be on track to reach climate neutrality in 2050, the agricultural sector has to contribute to GHG emission mitigation. For the agricultural sector, improved food security and climate smart activities will be necessary to achieve GHG emission reduction. Existing policies and measures (WEM) as well as those which are included in the NECP as additional measures (WAM) were used to assess more suitable measures to move on climate smart agriculture (CSA), that could help to decrease GHG emissions at the farm and state level as well as is expected to contribute towards achieving the commitments in the plan. To achieve the aim of the study, a combination of the Delphi method together with multi-criteria analysis (MCA) is utilized to find a set of top GHG mitigation measures in the future. Results show that, in the future, the measure support the development of innovative technologies and solutions to promote resource efficiency in agriculture is essential to move on climate smart agriculture.
Optimization of the Geometric Parameters of the Thermal Insulation of the Heating System by Using Multi-Pipe Circular Thermal Insulation
Authors: Teleszewski Tomasz Janusz , Krawczyk Dorota Anna , Rodero Antonio
Published: November 2021

The publication presents a design solution for circular multi-pipe thermal insulation and an example of an existing heating installation consisting of six individual heating pipes in the building of the Bialystok University of Technology. In the paper, the arrangement of six heating system pipes in circular thermal insulation was designed in such a way that one heating pipe is centrally located in the circular thermal insulation, the other five heating pipes are located at the vertices of a regular pentagon inside the circular thermal insulation. Heat loss calculations were made using the Boundary Elements Method (BEM) with the actual boundary conditions in the room where the existing heating installation is located. Additionally, the ecological effect was determined in the form of reduction of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere resulting from heat losses for the developed multi-pipe thermal insulation. The calculation results showed a significant reduction in heat losses as a result of the use of multi-pipe thermal insulation in relation to the existing single heating installation. The use of multi-pipe insulation undoubtedly follows the trend of energy-saving heat transport and is an alternative to the commonly used single pipes.
Features of the Technology of Application of Industrial Waste in the Construction of Constructive Layers of Roadwear
Authors: Shanbayev Maxat , Turgumbayeva Khalima , Blumberga Dagnija , Beysekova Tuleuzhan
Published: November 2021

In this article, work was carried out to study the chemical, mineralogical composition and toxicological properties of waste (phosphogypsum, phosphorus slags, overburden) of the phosphorus industry, the optimal content of the grain composition of gravel-sand mixtures in the composition of road mixtures (crushed stone, sand-gravel, sand) and structures of the Zhambyl region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The possibilities of using slag-mineral mixtures in the year - round construction of highways were studied on the basis of a comprehensive study of the physicochemical processes of hardening and the formation of the structure of slag-mineral materials at negative temperatures. Technological regimes for the construction of roads of various technical categories from slag binding materials, reformed after long-term freezing, have been established. New, unparalleled, binding road mixtures have been created to increase the utilization of waste from the phosphorus industry and expand the raw material base of road building materials. The main directions of application of road mixtures based on industrial waste for the purposes of road construction have been developed: construction of structural layers of road pavements; construction of road bed layers.
An Instructional Framework for Technology-Based Classroom Tuition of ELP Students
Authors: Ignatkina Anastasia
Published: November 2021

In modern ELP teaching practices online media products are commonly used as resources of educational content. Although the idea that ICT has brought classrooms in our pockets is generally perceived as a positive trend, the overview of recent inquiries into the use of technology in education has revealed a number of contradictory findings connected with multimedia learning. On the one hand, a multiplicity of strengths of online environments such as YouTube channels, Apps, podcasts, etc. is highlighted in the studies exploring the potential of multimedia applications for language learning. On the other hand, there is a significant number of studies which demonstrate opposite observations resulting from the research of the effects of the medium (printed and technology-based) on learning outcomes: some authors argue that students overwhelmingly prefer print over electronic formats for learning purposes, others infer that multiple factors affect learners’ actual behaviors and there is no solid evidence proving the priority of one over the other.

Cognitive psychologists are more precise in this point: looking into how people process information they affirm that to be effective instructional framework should not ignore human cognitive architecture. Drawing upon recent studies in the field of designing educational media with regard of cognitive, behavioral, and attitudinal aspects of learning the exploratory study reported in this paper attempts to bridge the cognitive and educational theories to specify the framework of technology-based classes for ELP students. Through three courses of in-depth structured interviews with 58 Russian undergraduate law students doing an ELP course in Saratov State Law Academy, Russia, particular focus was placed on an individual learner’s (1) information coding style, (2) information processing style and (3) reading style. The results of the research suggest some ideas on developing an instructional framework for ELP technology-based classroom tuition taking considering the principles of cognitive teaching.