bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meloxicam inhibits STING phosphorylation and alleviates intracellular DNA-mediated autoimmune responses
Authors: Yu Yu , Wang Miao , Li Xiao-Wei , Mao Jie , Zhu Ying-Jie , Wang Na , Yin Le-Hua , Guo Zeng-Lin , Cai Hong , Li Tao , Liang Ting-Ting , Cui Jiuwei , Zhou Tao
Published: April 2023

Background

Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is critical for cytosolic DNA-sensing and the subsequent immune responses. The inappropriate activation of this pathway leads to DNA-induced autoimmune response. Understanding the precise regulation of cGAS-STING pathway is important for developing therapeutics to treat several autoimmune diseases caused by self-DNA.

Results

We report that Meloxicam (MXC) inhibits intracellular DNA-, but not RNA-induced immune responses. We find that MXC inhibits the phosphorylation of STING by examining in different cells with various DNA stimulations. We further find that MXC significantly dampens the expression levels of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) by using DNA 3’ repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1)-deficient cell, an experimental model for self-DNA-induced autoimmune disease. Importantly, we demonstrate that MXC could promote the survival in Trex1–/– mouse model for Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS).

Conclusions

Our study identified a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, MXC, that exhibits potential effect in treating the autoimmunity caused by self-DNA.
Pathogen-based target attainment of optimized continuous infusion dosing regimens of piperacillin-tazobactam and meropenem in surgical ICU patients: a prospective single center observational study
Authors: De Corte Thomas , Verhaeghe Jarne , Dhaese Sofie , Van Vooren Sarah , Boelens Jerina , G. Verstraete Alain , Stove Veronique , Ongenae Femke , De Bus Liesbet , Depuydt Pieter , Van Hoecke Sofie , J. De Waele Jan
Published: April 2023

Background

Several studies have indicated that commonly used piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) and meropenem (MEM) dosing regimens lead to suboptimal plasma concentrations for a range of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) targets in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. These targets are often based on a hypothetical worst-case scenario, possibly overestimating the percentage of suboptimal concentrations. We aimed to evaluate the pathogen-based clinically relevant target attainment (CRTA) and therapeutic range attainment (TRA) of optimized continuous infusion dosing regimens of TZP and MEM in surgical ICU patients.

Methods

A single center prospective observational study was conducted between March 2016 and April 2019. Free plasma concentrations were calculated by correcting total plasma concentrations, determined on remnants of blood gas samples by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, for their protein binding. Break points (BP) of identified pathogens were derived from epidemiological cut-off values. CRTA was defined as a corrected measured total serum concentration above the BP and calculated for increasing BP multiplications up to 6 × BP. The upper limit of the therapeutic range was set at 157.2 mg/L for TZP and 45 mg/L for MEM. As a worst-case scenario, a BP of 16 mg/L for TZP and 2 mg/L for MEM was used.

Results

781 unique patients were included with 1036 distinctive beta-lactam antimicrobial prescriptions (731 TZP, 305 MEM) for 1003 unique infections/prophylactic regimens (750 TZP, 323 MEM). 2810 samples were available (1892 TZP, 918 MEM). The median corrected plasma concentration for TZP was 86.4 mg/L [IQR 56.2–148] and 16.2 mg/L [10.2–25.5] for MEM. CRTA and TRA was consistently higher for the pathogen-based scenario than for the worst-case scenario, but nonetheless, a substantial proportion of samples did not attain commonly used PK/PD targets.

Conclusion

Despite these pathogen-based data demonstrating that CRTA and TRA is higher than in the often-used theoretical worst-case scenario, a substantial proportion of samples did not attain commonly used PK/PD targets when using optimised continuous infusion dosing regimens. Therefore, more dosing optimization research seems warranted. At the same time, a ‘pathogen-based analysis’ approach might prove to be more sensible than a worst-case scenario approach when evaluating target attainment and linked clinical outcomes.
A dynamic few-shot learning framework for medical image stream mining based on self-training
Authors: Ye Zhengqiang , Zhang Wei
Published: May 2023

Few-shot semantic segmentation (FSS) has been widely used in the field of information medicine and intelligent diagnosis. Due to the high cost of medical data collection and the privacy protection of patients, labeled medical images are difficult to obtain. Compared with other semantic segmentation dataset which can be automatically generated in a large scale, the medical image data tend to be continually generated. Most of the existing FSS techniques require abundant annotated semantic classes for pre-training and cannot deal with its dynamic nature of medical data stream. To deal with this issue, we propose a dynamic few-shot learning framework for medical semantic segmentation, which can fully utilize the features of newly-collected/generated data stream. We introduce a new pseudo-label generation strategy for continuously generating pseudo-labels and avoiding model collapse during self-training. Furthermore, an efficient consistency regularization strategy is proposed to fully utilize the limited data. The proposed framework is iteratively trained on three tasks: abdominal organ segmentation for CT and MRI, and cardiac segmentation for MRI. Experiments results demonstrate significant performance gain on medical data stream mining compared with the baseline method.
Efficacy and safety of carnitine supplementation on NAFLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Aiping , Cai Yitong , Yuan Yuan , Liu Ming , Zhang Zhengjing , Xu Yongquan , Jiao Pingzu
Published: April 2023

Background and objective

The efficacy and safety of L-carnitine supplementation on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of L-carnitine supplementation on NAFLD.

Methods

We searched in four databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) from inception to 1 November 2022 (updated on March 20, 2023) for potentially relevant records without language restrictions. We collected information on the first author, publication year, country, setting, study design, population characteristics, duration of follow-up, outcome variables of interest, and sources of funding. We used a modified Cochrane risk of bias tool to assess the risk of bias, used GRADE to assess the certainty of evidence, and used the Credibility of Effect Modification Analyses (ICEMAN) tool to assess the credibility of any apparent subgroup effect.

Results

This systematic review and meta-analysis included eight eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Compared to placebo, low certainty evidence show that L-carnitine supplementation significantly changes (reduced) more in AST levels and ALT levels (MD: − 26.38, 95%CI: − 45.46 to − 7.30), and moderate certainty evidence show that L-carnitine supplementation significantly changes (reduced) more in HDL cholesterol levels (MD: 1.14, 95%CI: 0.21 to 2.07) and triglyceride levels (MD: − 6.92, 95%CI: − 13.82 to − 0.03). Moderate credibility of ICEMAN results shows that L-carnitine supplementation has no difference in changes of AST and ALT levels in younger ones (MD: 0.5, 95%CI: − 0.70 to 1.70) but has significant changes (reduced) in adults (MD: − 20.3, 95%CI: − 28.62 to − 12.28) compared to placebo.

Conclusion

L-carnitine supplementation may improve liver function and regulate triglyceride metabolism in patients with NAFLD, and with no significant adverse effects.
A novel candidate gene CLN8 regulates fat deposition in avian
Authors: Li Xiaoqin , Zhang Fan , Sun Yunxiao , Sun Dandan , Yang Fangxi , Liu Yongtong , Hou Zhuocheng
Published: May 2023

Background

The fat deposition has a crucial role in animal meat flavor, and fat deposition-related traits are vital for breeding in the commercial duck industry. Avian fat-related traits are typical complex phenotypes, which need a large amount of data to analyze the genetic loci.

Results

In this study, we performed a new phenotypic analysis of fat traits and genotyped whole-genome variations for 1,246 ducks, and combed with previous GWAS data to reach 1,880 ducks for following analysis. The carcass composition traits, subcutaneous fat weight (SFW), subcutaneous fat percentage (SFP), abdominal fat weight (AFW), abdominal fat percentage (AFP) and the body weight of day 42 (BW42) for each duck were collected. We identified a set of new loci that affect the traits related to fat deposition in avian. Among these loci, ceroid-lipofuscinosis, neuronal 8 (CLN8) is a novel candidate gene controlling fat deposition. We investigated its novel function and regulation in avian adipogenesis. Five significant SNPs (the most significant SNP, P-value = 21.37E−12) and a single haplotype were detected in the upstream of CLN8 for subcutaneous fat percentage. Subsequently, luciferase assay demonstrated that 5 linked SNPs in the upstream of the CLN8 gene significantly decreased the transcriptional activity of CLN8. Further, ATAC-seq analysis showed that transcription factor binding sites were identified in a region close to the haplotype. A set of luciferase reporter gene vectors that contained different deletion fragments of the CLN8 promoter were constructed, and the core promoter area of CLN8 was finally identified in the −1,884/−1,207 bp region of the 5′ flanking sequences, which contains adipogenesis-related transcription factors binding sites. Moreover, the over-expression of CLN8 can remarkably facilitate adipocyte differentiation in ICPs. Consistent with these, the global transcriptome profiling and functional analysis of the over-expressed CLN8 in the cell line further revealed that the lipid biosynthetic process during the adipogenesis was significantly enriched.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrated that CLN8 is a positive regulator of avian adipocyte differentiation. These findings identify a novel function of CLN8 in adipocyte differentiation, which provides important clues for the further study of the mechanism of avian fat deposition.
Multi-omics analysis reveals gut microbiota-ovary axis contributed to the follicular development difference between Meishan and Landrace × Yorkshire sows
Authors: Xu Baoyang , Qin Wenxia , Chen Yuwen , Tang Yimei , Zhou Shuyi , Huang Juncheng , Ma Libao , Yan Xianghua
Published: May 2023

Background

The mechanism by which Meishan (MS) sows are superior to white crossbred sows in ovarian follicle development remains unclear. Given gut microbiota could regulate female ovarian function and reproductive capacity, this study aimed to determine the role of gut microbiota-ovary axis on follicular development in sows.

Methods

We compared the ovarian follicular development, gut microbiota, plasma metabolome, and follicular fluid metabolome between MS and Landrace × Yorkshire (L × Y) sows. A H2O2-induced cell apoptosis model was used to evaluate the effects of multi-omics identified metabolites on the apoptosis of porcine ovarian granulosa cells in vitro.

Results

Compared with L × Y sows, MS sows have greater ovary weight and improved follicular development, including the greater counts of large follicles of diameter ≥ 5 mm, secondary follicles, and antral follicles, but lesser atretic follicles. The ovarian granulosa cells in MS sows had alleviated apoptosis, which was indicated by the increased BCL-2, decreased caspases-3, and decreased cleaved caspases-3 than in L × Y sows. The ovarian follicular fluid of MS sows had higher concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and insulin like growth factor 1 than L × Y sows. Gut microbiota of MS sows formed a distinct cluster and had improved alpha diversity, including increased Shannon and decreased Simpson than those of L × Y sows. Corresponding to the enhanced function of carbohydrate metabolism and elevated short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces, the differential metabolites in plasma between MS and L × Y sows are also mainly enriched in pathways of fatty acid metabolism. There were significant correlations among SCFAs with follicular development, ovarian granulosa cells apoptosis, and follicular fluid hormones, respectively. Noteworthily, compared with L × Y sows, MS sows had higher follicular fluid SCFAs concentrations which could ameliorate H2O2-induced porcine granulosa cells apoptosis in vitro.

Conclusion

MS sows have more secondary and antral follicles, but fewer atretic follicles and apoptotic ovarian granulosa cells, as well as harbored a distinctive gut microbiota than L × Y sows. Gut microbiota may participate in regulating ovarian follicular development via SCFAs affecting granulosa cells apoptosis in sows.
Material analysis for restoration application: a case study of the world’s first university Mor Yakup Church in Nusaybin, Mardin
Authors: Karataş Lale , Alptekin Aydın , Yakar Murat
Published: May 2023

The Mor Yakup Church, located in the Nusaybin District of Mardin, is known as the world’s first educational university in history and represents one of the oldest Christian medieval monuments. In this study, it is aimed to determine the factors of the strength problems of the structure by investigating the characterization of building materials and what kind of factors affect the material behavior with various observational and experimental methods. It was determined that the main deterioration types in the materials of the building were erosion, fractures, loss of parts and the dissolve of the joint mortars between the masonry work on the facades. Since the materials used in the construction of the building are unable in terms of physico-mechanics, it has been determined that the severe continental climate conditions prevailing in the region easily cause such physical deterioration on the construction materials. In addition, the presence of clays in the conventional mortar used in the building has been defined as an internal problem that causes the material to get tired with the osmotic pressure it creates by absorbing water. A very high rate of salinization was detected in the building materials of the building and it was observed that this salting was caused by the acid effect caused by air pollution and the portland cement used in the previous repairs in the building. Finally, this study presents restoration recommendations to repair the material deterioration in the building and to prevent its occurrence in the future.
Quantitative evaluation of 3D land acquisition geometries with arrays and single sensors: Closing the loop between acquisition and processing
Authors: Bakulin Andrey , Silvestrov Ilya
Published: May 2023

The growing popularity of land nodes demands careful survey design practices to smoothly supersede cabled seismic acquisition with geophone arrays. Unfortunately, trace density is often used as a catchall proxy to describe survey quality, which is a gross oversimplification. We describe comprehensive and quantitative workflows focusing on final image quality for evaluating existing or new 3D land acquisition geometries with arrays and single sensors. They streamline the design process, remove human bias, and close the loop between acquisition and processing. A central element is a data-driven approach for deriving absolute signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) directly from the data. The resulting S/N volumes can be analyzed as cubes or slices or distilled to statistical quantities. We apply new workflows to three typical use cases from 3D land seismic data. First, we quantitatively contrast different 3D data sets acquired with various field acquisition geometries and understand which acquisition parameters are likely responsible for S/N differences. Second, we perform a realistic numerical feasibility study evaluating multiple 3D acquisition geometries with arrays and single sensors and assess their expected performance on a complex SEG Advanced Modeling Arid data set representative of the desert environment. For feasibility studies, complete automation can be achieved by applying migration in lieu of processing and data-driven S/N as evaluation steps. Finally, we show how to predict absolute S/N outcomes of new 3D acquisitions based on the existing legacy data with different acquisition geometry. We demonstrate the excellent predictive power of the analytical signal-strength estimate formula for both field and synthetic elastic data sets. Translating survey design into commonly spoken “image S/N language” improves communication between geoscientists and enables more effective decision-making.
Submarine landslide susceptibility assessment along the southern convergent margin of the Colombian Caribbean
Authors: Tarazona Darwin Mateus , Prieto Jorge , Murphy William , Vesga Julian Naranjo , Rincon Daniel , Munoz Carlos Hernandez , Pinzon Hernan Madero , Mora Anderson Mora , Acuña-Uribe Mateo
Published: May 2023

Submarine landslides are a mixture of rock, sediment, and fluids moving downslope due to a slope's initial event of mechanical failure. Submarine landslides play a critical role in shaping the morphology of the seafloor and the transport of sediments from the continental shelf to the continental rise in the southern margin of the Colombian Caribbean. Two fundamental considerations can be highlighted: first, mass transport complexes produced by submarine landslides encompass significant portions of the stratigraphic record; second, these mass movements could affect underwater infrastructure. The mapping of the Southern Caribbean seafloor using 3D seismic surveys and multibeam bathymetry data in an area encompassing 59,471 km2 allowed the identification of 220 submarine landslides with areas ranging between 0.1 and 209 km2. Distinctive characteristics were found for submarine landslides associated with canyon walls, channel-levee systems, tectonically controlled ridges, and the continental shelf break. The analysis of the relationship between submarine landslides and seafloor morphological features made it possible to estimate a mass movement susceptibility map that suggests the following considerations: first, structural ridges and adjacent intraslope subbasins related to the South Caribbean Deformed Belt are more likely to be submarine landslide hazards; second, the continental shelf break and channelized systems produce a moderate submarine landslide hazard potential; and third, deep marine systems with a slope less than 5° show the lowest submarine landslide hazard potential. This work contributes to the understanding of submarine landslides in the study area through the presentation of conceptual diagrams that provide additional visual elements facilitating the level of abstraction necessary for visualizing bathymetric data. Likewise, the mass movement susceptibility map presented herein gives insights for future studies that seek to evaluate geohazards in the southern Colombian Caribbean margin.
Research Committee Update: Hot topics in geophysics: Progress, trends, and perspectives
Authors: Ore Tobi , Martin Eileen R. , Rubio-Cisneros Igor , Girard Aaron , Ma Joseph , Kanakiya Shreya , Sanuade Oluseun , Titov Aleksei , de Souza Rafael
Published: May 2023

Over the past decade, computing power has increased, new sensing technologies have been developed, and our understanding of how we interact with the earth has evolved, leading to new opportunities and priorities in geophysical research. These changes have been more rapid in some areas than others, and new topics have emerged as well. It is challenging for geophysicists, including junior staff and undergraduates starting their geophysics journeys, to stay abreast of scientific and industrial trends. Thus, the Early Career Subcommittee of the SEG Research Committee (RC) thought it imperative to survey members of the RC in 2022. To that end, a survey was conducted, and responses were collected from 43 RC members.
Memorial
Authors: Scott Bill , Reford Stephen
Published: May 2023

Norman Reed Paterson
Interdisciplinary Infection Prevention and Control Bundle in Neurosurgical Patients: Results of a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Koch Julia , Saydan Selin , Schwab Frank , Sanchin Aminaa , Hansen Sonja , Trampuz Andrej , Margaryan Donara , Vajkoczy Peter , Onken Julia Sophie
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:

Surgical site infections (SSIs) account for one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections. Bundle approaches for infection prevention and control do not capture the full complexity of neurosurgical interventions.

OBJECTIVE:

To study the efficacy of an interdisciplinary infection prevention and control bundle (IPCB) in neurosurgery.

METHODS:

This was a prospective, single-center, observational study, analyzing 3 periods: before (2014), during (2017), and after (2019) full implementation of IPCB. IPCB included the following infection prevention measures: preoperative decolonization, patient engagement, operating room (OR) hygiene protocol, and pre-, peri-, and postoperative standard operating procedures (SOPs) while infection control measures included intraoperative sonication, blood culture inoculation, and interdisciplinary SSI management. All neurosurgical patients being readmitted to the hospital for SSIs within 90 days after receiving index surgery were included in the trial (403/9305).

RESULTS:

Implementation of IPCB resulted in more frequently succeeded pathogen isolation in patients with SSI (2014: 138 isolates in 105 (83%) patients with SSI, 2017: 169 isolates in 124 (91%) patients with SSI, and 2019: 199 isolates in 136 (97%) patients with SSI; P < .001). Proportion of gram-positive SSI and virulence was declining (P = .041, P = .007). The number of repeated revision surgeries decreased from 26 (20%) in 2014 and 31 (23%) in 2017 to 18 (13%) in 2019 (P = .085). Significantly, fewer patients experienced sepsis in response to SSI (2014: 12%, 2017: 10%, and 2019: 3.6%, P = .035). In-hospital mortality rate was declining from 12 (9.4%) in 2014 to 9 (6.6%) in 2017 to 5 (3.6%) in 2019 (P = .148).

CONCLUSION:

Introducing an interdisciplinary IPCB in neurosurgery leads to a significant reduction of sepsis and decreased in-hospital mortality while a pathogen switch toward gram-negative bacteria was observed. Minimizing diagnostic gap of pathogen detection toward a more efficient anti-infective treatment may be the main reason for the substantial decrease in morbidity and mortality.
breakthrough in acute coronary syndrome diagnostics – transdermal troponin assessment
Authors: Rejmer Adrian , Szala-Czerwonka Karolina , Woś Natalia , Rojek Katarzyna , Bednarz Lucjan , Wijas Karolina , Bialic Kinga , Bakalarczyk Rafał , Bialic Artur , Majewski Paweł
Published: April 2023

Introduction and purpose:

The measurement of cardiac troponins, besides ECG and basic patient examination, is a vital component of the diagnosis and management of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), including unstable angina (UA), non-ST and ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI, STEMI). Traditionally cardiac troponins have been measured through blood samples, but a new method of transdermal wrist measurement has emerged as a promising alternative. The potential benefits of transdermal troponin measurement are numerous. First and foremost, the non-invasive nature of the method means that patients can be diagnosed “on the spot” and monitored in real time without the need for repeated blood draws, vastly reducing the time for diagnosis and patient qualification for invasive treatment, percutaneous coronary intervention - PCI, if needed. The coronary syndrome is the number 1 cause of death in developed countries which includes morbidity and mortality. With the invention of transdermal troponin assessment device, we can increase the life expectancy and the quality of life in the group of patients with acute coronary syndrome and most importantly, decrease the total turnaround time of diagnosis and significantly reduce the workload in the emergency department.
Is breast cancer a civilization disease? Common components of type 2 diabetes and breast cancer
Authors: Wijas Karolina , Szala-Czerwonka Karolina , Rejmer Adrian , Woś Natalia , Rojek Katarzyna , Bednarz Lucjan , Bialic Kinga , Bakalarczyk Rafał , Bialic Artur , Majewski Paweł
Published: May 2023

Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common civilization diseases.The incidence of this disease has been increasing over the last few decades. Research is still being conducted to show the relationship between diabetes and other diseases. Based on these studies, it can be concluded that it also plays a role in the development of cancer. In this review, we focus on analyzing studies on the relationship between type 2 diabetes and breast cancer. We show the influence of diabetes components on the pathomechanism of breast cancer development. We focus on hyperinsulinemia, inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, and obesity, which often accompany type 2 diabetes. Based on the analyzed studies, it can be concluded that type 2 diabetes is a significant factor contributing to cancerous processes associated with breast cancer. In this review, we used articles available in the PubMed database.
Concise compilation of the most clinically relevant current knowledge on Brugada Syndrome
Authors: Kłakowicz Philip , Kuc Monika , Kułakowska Aleksandra , Lepczyński Bartłomiej , Lechowski Sebastian
Published: May 2023

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a rare disease in which arrhythmogenic changes occur in patients without any structural heart pathology. Its most dangerous complication is sudden cardiac arrest, which most often occurs around the 3rd and 4th decade of life of patients. In a similar period of time (20 - 40 years of age), the first clinical manifestations of the disease also most often occur, although this can happen even sooner in the case of a malignant form of the disease. Brugada syndrome is significantly (about 8 times) more frequently diagnosed in men, and the main factors that strongly worsen its prognosis are incidents of syncope noted in the patient's history and observed spontaneous changes in ECG studies [1][2].
Orders of Resistance
Authors: Morawitz Owen , Van Buuren Nick
Published: May 2023

Despite narrative world-building that serves to exploit and expand “gaps and fissures in temporal continuity,” the Star Wars franchise features numerous instances of ‘galactic hauntology,’ wherein particular forms, objects, characters, themes, and other narratological elements occur and inevitably reoccur in a science fiction timeline spanning thousands of years. Entries in the original film trilogy (Episodes IV–VI), renowned for their performance of postmodern anachronism and Jameson’s nostalgia mode, rely on consistent and dominant motifs to ground the audience in a suspended, otherwise dehistoricised, spatio-temporal placement “a long time ago in a galaxy, far, far, away…” In the prequel and sequel trilogies (Episodes I–III; VII–IX), this effect is further complicated by a transition from postmodern Jamesonian ontology to a turn-of-the-millennium hauntology as diagnosed by Fisher through Derrida. This galactic hauntology grasps at spectral figures of the original trilogy’s canonical spatio-temporality in an attempt to mourn and move past the franchise’s recognition of its own lost futures. By interrogating the “persistences, repetitions, [and] prefigurations” of galactic hauntology, we argue that this iterative, cumulative, and self-referential effect produces a ‘force of recognition’ in the viewer, one that is ontologically distinct from postmodern modes of nostalgia, homage, and pastiche. Recognition of these galactic hauntological elements within a given film entry and the larger franchise generates orders of resistance within the text as a necessary condition for engaging with Star Wars as a multi-generational cultural phenomenon.
The Origins of the Unity Idea in the Turkic World
Authors: İPEK Cemil Doğaç , GÜLER Mehmet Çağatay
Published: April 2023

As the Turks outside the Ottoman Empire lost their independence from 1885 and the ideas such as Ottomanism and Pan-Islamism were overwhelmed with the zeitgeist, the idea of unity emerged as a worldview and a new image of civilization in the Turkic World, which reinterpreted its civilizational identity within the framework of a multilevel reconstruction period. This study addresses the reconstruction of the centuries-long historical and cultural heritage of the Turkic world by the representatives of this idea based on the unity of language, i.e. having language as a unifying element, from a historical perspective. In this framework, studies published in five different languages were analyzed.
Displaced distal tibial Salter-Harris II fractures
Authors: Peterson Nick , Perry Daniel C.
Published: May 2023

Salter-Harris II fractures of the distal tibia affect children frequently, and when they are displaced present a treatment dilemma. Treatment primarily aims to restore alignment and prevent premature physeal closure, as this can lead to angular deformity, limb length difference, or both. Current literature is of poor methodological quality and is contradictory as to whether conservative or surgical management is superior in avoiding complications and adverse outcomes. A state of clinical equipoise exists regarding whether displaced distal tibial Salter-Harris II fractures in children should be treated with surgery to achieve anatomical reduction, or whether cast treatment alone will lead to a satisfactory outcome. Systematic review and meta-analysis has concluded that high-quality prospective multicentre research is needed to answer this question. The Outcomes of Displaced Distal tibial fractures: Surgery Or Casts in KidS (ODD SOCKS) trial, funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research, aims to provide this high-quality research in order to answer this question, which has been identified as a top-five research priority by the British Society for Children’s Orthopaedic Surgery.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(5):471–473.
Block-based compressed sensing for fast optic fiber bundle imaging with high spatial resolution
Authors: Jiang Zhixiang , Zhao Xing , Wen Ya , Peng Qiang , Li Da , Song Lipei
Published: May 2023

The resolution of traditional fiber bundle imaging is usually limited by the density and the diameter of the fiber cores. To improve the resolution, compression sensing was introduced to resolve multiple pixels from a single fiber core, but current methods have the drawbacks of excessive sampling and long reconstruction time. In this paper, we present, what we believe to be, a novel block-based compressed sensing scheme for fast realization of high-resolution optic fiber bundle imaging. In this method, the target image is segmented into multiple small blocks, each of which covers the projection area of one fiber core. All block images are independently and simultaneously sampled and the intensities are recorded by a two-dimensional detector after they are collected and transmitted through corresponding fiber cores. Because the size of sampling patterns and the sampling numbers are greatly reduced, the reconstruction complexity and reconstruction time are also decreased. According to the simulation analysis, our method is 23 times faster than the current compressed sensing optical fiber imaging for reconstructing a fiber image of 128 × 128 pixels, while the sampling number is only 0.39%. Experiment results demonstrate that the method is also effective for reconstructing large target images and the number of sampling does not increase with the size of the image. Our finding may provide a new idea for high-resolution real-time imaging of fiber bundle endoscope.
Local optimized Stokes polarimetry for specific polarization states
Authors: Yang Huibin , Song Jiawei , Zeng Nan , Ma Hui
Published: May 2023

In this Letter, we propose a locally optimized Stokes polarimetry. Focusing on the effect on polarization measurements by Poisson noise, the studies establish a new, to the best of our knowledge, optimization function combining the equally weighted variance with the condition number. This method considers both the stability and the precision of polarization measurements; by trading an increase in the condition number by 2.48%, we realize a decrease in equal-weighted variance by 19.1% near the north pole. The advantages of this local optimization method are demonstrated based on Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and experiments of continuous polarization state modulation. Finally, an imaging demonstration using a 4 µm pathological section implies the potential of this new local optimization method in improving polarization measurements and applying it to more biomedical research.
Substrate-specific effects of natural genetic variation on proteasome activity
Authors: Collins Mahlon A. , Avery Randi , Albert Frank W.
Published: May 2023

Protein degradation is an essential biological process that regulates protein abundance and removes misfolded and damaged proteins from cells. In eukaryotes, most protein degradation occurs through the stepwise actions of two functionally distinct entities, the ubiquitin system and the proteasome. Ubiquitin system enzymes attach ubiquitin to cellular proteins, targeting them for degradation. The proteasome then selectively binds and degrades ubiquitinated substrate proteins. Genetic variation in ubiquitin system genes creates heritable differences in the degradation of their substrates. However, the challenges of measuring the degradative activity of the proteasome independently of the ubiquitin system in large samples have limited our understanding of genetic influences on the proteasome. Here, using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we built and characterized reporters that provide high-throughput, ubiquitin system-independent measurements of proteasome activity. Using single-cell measurements of proteasome activity from millions of genetically diverse yeast cells, we mapped 15 loci across the genome that influence proteasomal protein degradation. Twelve of these 15 loci exerted specific effects on the degradation of two distinct proteasome substrates, revealing a high degree of substrate-specificity in the genetics of proteasome activity. Using CRISPR-Cas9-based allelic engineering, we resolved a locus to a causal variant in the promoter of RPT6, a gene that encodes a subunit of the proteasome’s 19S regulatory particle. The variant increases RPT6 expression, which we show results in increased proteasome activity. Our results reveal the complex genetic architecture of proteasome activity and suggest that genetic influences on the proteasome may be an important source of variation in the many cellular and organismal traits shaped by protein degradation.
Anti-RBD IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibody levels after the second BNT162b2 dose in patients with plasma cell disorders
Authors: Magen Hila , Avigdor Abraham , Nevo Lee , Fried Shalev , Gibori Amit , Levin Einav G. , Lustig Yaniv , Shkury Eden , Rahav Galia
Published: May 2023

Patients with plasma cell disorders (PCD) are at an increased risk for severe morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19. Recent data have suggested that patients with hematological malignancies, including those with PCD, have suboptimal antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination. We compared the antibody titers of 213 patients with PCD to those of 213 immunocompetent healthcare workers after the second vaccine dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Blood samples were taken 2–4 weeks after the second vaccination and analyzed for anti-receptor binding-domain immunoglobulin G (RBD-IgG) antibodies and neutralizing antibodies (NA). At a median of 20 days after the second vaccine dose, 172 patients (80.8%) developed anti-RBD-IgG antibodies with a geometric mean titer (GMT) of 2.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4–3.1). In the control group 210 (98.9%) developed anti-RBD-IgG antibodies after a median of 21 days, with a GMT of 5.17 (95%CI, 4.8–5.6), p<0.0001. NA were observed in 151 patients with MM (70.9%) and in 210 controls (98.9%). The GMT of NA in patients with MM and controls was 84.4 (95% CI, 59.0–120.6), and 420.2 (95% CI, 341.4–517.1), respectively (p<0.0001). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that the number of prior therapy lines and age were significant predictors of poor humoral response among patients with MM. Injection site reaction, headache and fatigue were the most common adverse events after vaccination. Adverse events were less common in patients with MM than in controls. In conclusion, a significant percentage of patients with MM developed protecting NA to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, which appears to be safe in this patient population.
Genetically modified crops do not present variations in pollen viability and morphology when compared to their conventional counterparts
Authors: Soares Daniel , Vertuan Hallison , Bacalhau Fabiana , José Marcia , Crivellari Augusto , Belchior Gustavo G. , Berger Geraldo U.
Published: May 2023

Modern agricultural biotechnologies, such as those derived from genetic modification, are solutions that can enable an increase in food production, lead to more efficient use of natural resources, and promote environmental impact reduction. Crops with altered genetic materials have been extensively subjected to safety assessments to fulfill regulatory requirements prior to commercialization. The Brazilian National Technical Biosafety Commission (CTNBio) provides provisions for commercial release of transgenic crops in Brazil, including requiring information on pollen dispersion ability as part of environmental risk assessment, which includes pollen viability and morphology studies. Here we present the pollen viability and morphology of non-transgenic conventional materials, single-event genetically modified (GM) products, and stacked GM products from soybean, maize and cotton cultivated in Brazil. Microscopical observation of stained pollen grain was conducted to determine the percentage of pollen viability as well as pollen morphology, which is assessed by measuring pollen grain diameter. The pollen viability and diameter of GM soybean, maize and cotton, evaluated across a number of GM events in each crop, were similar to the conventional non-GM counterparts. Pollen characterization data contributed to the detailed phenotypic description of GM crops, supporting the conclusion that the studied events were not fundamentally different from the conventional control.
New pharmaconutraceutical Chondroguard®TRIO for the prevention of musculoskeletal diseases and nutritional support for patients with osteoarthritis and nonspecific back pain: an assessment of clinical options. Resolution of the Multidisciplinary Expert Council
Authors: Danilov Al. B. , Lila A. M. , Majidova Yo. N. , Gromova O. A. , Tkacheva O. N. , Sarvilina I. V. , Kochish A. Yu. , Nazarenko A. G. , Zagorodniy N. V. , Minasov T. B. , Alekseeva L. I. , Taskina E. A. , Kotovskaya Yu. V. , Dudinskaya E. N. , Rozanov A. V. , Solovieva E. Yu. , Shavlovskaya O. A. , Sharov M. N. , Kamchatnov P. R. , Rachin A. P. , Barantsevich E. R. , Iskra D. A. , Yakupov E. Z. , Devlikamova F. I. , Barulin A. E. , Nesterova M. V. , Sakovets T. G. , Barinov A. N. , Dolgova I. N. , Zabolotskikh N. V. , Zonova E. V. , Shchepankevich L. A. , Parfenov V. A. , Dzhurabekova A. T. , Khakimova S. Z.
Published: May 2023

In recent decades, there has been an increase in the prevalence and medical and social burden of osteoarthritis (OA) and nonspecific back pain in all countries of the world. The First Multidisciplinary Bilateral Russia-Uzbekistan Expert Council presented innovations in the prognosing, personalized prevention and adjuvant therapy of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the joints and spine, the evidence base for the effectiveness and safety of the use of drugs that modify the course of OA (Disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs, DMOADs): chondroitin sulfate, glucosamine sulfate, undenatured type II collagen for adjuvant pharmaconutraceutical support – prevention and adjuvant therapy (treatment) of OA and nonspecific lumbosacral pain. The expert counsil resolution presents an optimized algorithm for the management, prevention and adjuvant therapy of OA and non-specific back pain, maintaining the function of healthy joints after intense physical activity with the inclusion of the drug Chondroguard solution for intra-articular and intramuscular administration (INN – chondroitin sulfate) and a new pharmaconutraceutical from the DMOADs group – TRIO trademark Chondroguard® (Chondroguard®TRIO).
Infancia, palabra y comunidad: de lo individual al bien común. A propósito de los 20 años Cátedra UNESCO
Authors: Tapiero Celis Omaira
Published: May 2023

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Concepciones de estudiantes de básica primaria sobre diversidad cultural
Authors: Posada Torres Leidy , Flórez Villada Estefanía
Published: May 2023

Este artículo se centra en develar las concepciones de diversidad cultural que poseen los estudiantes de grado segundo de una institución educativa pública de la ciudad de Dosquebradas, Risaralda. Esta investigación se lleva a cabo desde un enfoque hermenéutico, cuya estrategia es el estudio de caso simple. Para la recolección de la información se utilizan técnicas e instrumentos como el cuestionario, la observación participante, el diario de campo, el análisis documental y la grabación de audio y video. El análisis de la información se realiza mediante el análisis de frecuencia, la codificación teórica y la triangulación mixta. Los hallazgos permiten concluir que los estudiantes tienen concepciones tanto explícitas como implícitas que orientan su actuar y decir en los espacios escolares respecto a características de la diversidad cultural como sexo, lenguaje, ideología y etnia.
Narrativas educativas en torno a la equidad de género en la primera infancia
Authors: Arroyo Ortega Adriana , Hernández Carolina
Published: May 2023

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las narrativas de los agentes educativos sobre la construcción de los comportamientos de género en la primera infancia, en un Jardín Infantil del municipio de Medellín en Colombia desde la metodología de análisis de narrativas. Como resultado central se encontró que las agentes educativas tienen desde sus intereses personales perspectivas de equidad con los niños y niñas, pero que no existen procesos formativos sistemáticos ni políticas alrededor de este tema en la primera infancia, lo que hace que los esfuerzos en torno a la equidad de género sean aislados e insuficientes frente a las necesidades sociales al respecto. Como conclusión se explicita el que la emancipación corporal y sexo genérica de los niños y niñas debe iniciar desde la primera infancia y que este momento vital no está ausente de las regulaciones de las matrices falologocéntricas y heteronormativas, pero que precisamente ahí inician las distintas construcciones de sensibilidades político estéticas que propicien o no escenarios más equitativos a lo largo de la vida.
Trabajo documental de los profesores de Matemática en servicio utilizando recorridos de estudio e investigación
Authors: Otero María Rita , Gazzola María Paz , Llanos Viviana Carolina
Published: May 2023

En esta investigación se describe el trabajo documental de 62 profesores de matemáticas en servicio, durante un curso universitario on-line, mientras utilizan un Recorrido de Estudio e Investigación (REI) para organizar la enseñanza, que involucra a las matemáticas propias de la escuela secundaria. Se emplean la Aproximación Documental de lo Didáctico (ADD) y la aproximación instrumental de lo didáctico para describir los esquemas de uso de los profesores en dos tipos de situaciones: estudiar y analizar el REI y luego organizar una enseñanza hipotética a partir de él. Se analizan la totalidad de las respuestas individuales escritas de los profesores para ambas tareas y se reconstruyen los posibles documentos que se generan en cada instancia. La investigación muestra la diversidad y la riqueza del trabajo documental de los profesores y las modificaciones que realizan al recurso, que ocurren principalmente en la situación de organizar la enseñanza y se caracterizan por reducir el cuestionamiento que es inherente a los REI.
Effect of Income Shocks on Households’ Health and Consumption: A Case Study of Civil Servant Farming Households in South West, Nigeria
Authors: Abdulaleem M. A , Fakayode S. B , Adio M. O
Published: May 2023

Income shocks have continued to aggravate conflicts in several parts of Nigeria and many other countries of the world. The frequent occurrence of income shocks among the populace coupled with a lack of effective coping mechanisms has increased the households’ vulnerability to poverty, poor health, and lower food consumption. This study examined the effects of income shocks on health and consumption as well as the coping mechanisms adopted by the farming civil servant households in Southwest, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 360 farming Civil Servants used in the study. A combination of Descriptive Statistics and the Likert Scale was used for the data analysis. The result revealed that deteriorating health conditions ( = 3.79) and reduced food consumption ( = 3.28) were the major consequences of income shocks in the study area. The study further revealed that sales of assets or property ( =2.59) and sourcing financial support from affiliated religious bodies ( =2.59) remains the most common coping strategies adopted by Civil Servants to mitigate income shocks in the study area. Therefore, the study recommended the institutionalization of a Health Insurance Scheme for Civil Servants to provide adequate and easy access to health care. Also, to avoid assets and property loss, improving the standard of living of civil servants through prioritized salary payment, access to the loan market, and empowerment using incentives become imperative.
Chow rings of stacks of prestable curves II
Authors: Bae Younghan , Schmitt Johannes
Published: April 2023

We continue the study of the Chow ring of the moduli stack

𝔐

g
,
n

{\mathfrak{M}_{g,n}}

of prestable curves begun in [Y. Bae and J. Schmitt,
Chow rings of stacks of prestable curves I,
Forum Math. Sigma 10 2022, Paper No. e28]. In genus 0, we show that the Chow ring of

𝔐

0
,
n

{\mathfrak{M}_{0,n}}

coincides with the tautological ring and give a complete description in terms of (additive) generators and relations. This generalizes earlier results by Keel and by Kontsevich and Manin for the spaces of stable curves. Our argument uses the boundary stratification of the moduli stack together with the study of the first higher Chow groups of the strata, in particular providing a new proof of the results of Kontsevich and Manin.