bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Different Weed Management Practices on Nutrient Uptake by Weeds and Crop Yield of Organic Basmati Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Gupta Ritika , Panotra Narinder , Bharat Rajeev , Sharma Jyoti , Kumawat Shesh Narayan , Kour Tanjot , Gulshan Tajalee
Published: August 2023

An  field experiment was conducted during Kharif season of 2021at the Organic Farming Research Centre, Chatha, SKUAST- J to evaluate the effect of different weed management practices on nutrient uptake and yield in organic basmati rice production. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design with 11 treatments which were replicated thrice. The highest nitrogen (29.66 kg/ha), phosphorus (16.22 kg/ha) and potassium (32.66 kg/ha) uptake by weeds were recorded in weedy check. Amongst organic weed management treatments, application of vinegar @ 10 % at 5 DBT + hand weeding at 30 DAT which was though statistically at par with recommended practice of two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAT recorded significantly lowest nitrogen (2.31 kg/ha), phosphorus (1.21 kg/ha) and potassium (2.44 kg/ha) uptake by weeds followed by the application of vinegar @ 5 % at 5 DBT + hand weeding at 30 DAT and application of rice bran @ 2.5 t/ha (extract at 1:3 wt./vol. basis) at 5 DBT + hand weeding at 30 DAT than weedy check and other organic weed management treatments in comparison. However, maximum grain and straw yield was recorded with the application of vinegar @ 10% at 5 DBT fb one hand weeding at 30 DAT to the tune of 31.17 q/ha and 54.27 q/ha, respectively. Thus, it may be concluded that the application of vinegar @ 10 % at 5 DBT fb one hand weeding at 30 DAT may be recommended as economical viable option in organic basmati rice crop.
Design, Development and Performance Evaluation of Groundnut Pod Stripper
Authors: Anant Roshani , Naik R. K. , Patel Geeta , Nayak Biswajit
Published: August 2023

This project only removes the pods from their roots so the farmers can work easy and can save time and money as well. It is very efficient and can be available to all at minimum cost. This work focused on the design and fabrication of a groundnut pod striper machine electrically powered by a 1hp motor. The main components of the developed stripper are stripping cylinder, frame cover to protect the pods from scattering and sieve for cleaning purpose. According to the design dimension the conceptual drawing was built with the help of SOLIDWORKS software. The principle of the designing is based on the horizontal circular rotary motion. The developed pod stripper has a dimension of 1170 × 930 × 560. The performance of the developed pod stripper was tested with three independent parameter i.e. feed rate (kg/h), moisture content (% db) and cylinder speed (m/min) and the dependent parameters were stripping efficiency, cleaning efficiency and damage percentage. It was found that the stripping efficiency is 97% and stripping capacity is 195 kg/h, cleaning efficiency is 87% efficient. There were no losses but the scattering of groundnut pod was 0.83%. The developed machine have output of 10 times more than the traditional method with profit of more than 10 times.
Entropy of Faze Space of Physical Systems, Free and Bond Energy of Closed Physical Systems and their Relativity Properties
Authors: Mumladze Malkhaz
Published: August 2023

In the article [1] we introduced the concept of entropy for such topological spaces that admit pseudo-convex coverings [1], and it was shown here that the class of such topological spaces is quite wide.

The present article introduces the concepts of free and bond energies of a closed system, shows the relative nature this energies and  entropy of the phase space of a closed system. There considered two case:  the relative property are illustrated in two case a) when components of events are the coordinates of the vector, which length is equal to the total energy of the system in the isotropic basis. b) when components of events are the coordinates of the same vector in the orthonormal basis.
Relationship between Blood Pressure and Stroke Rate at UKI Hospital
Authors: Simanjuntak Tiroy Sari B. , Pariama Ganda
Published: August 2023

A complicated stroke of hypertension is dreaded in the community. Hypertension is the most common in public and causes no symptoms. Hypertension is one of the risks of stroke. Hypertension can cause injury to the veins of one of the injured blood vessels in the brain because of carelessness, deafness, and narrowing or rupture of blood vessels in the brain and can result in the brain. Nerve damage in this brain causes a stroke. The writer to know the greatest risk factors for stroke patients in hospital UKI in 2019-2021.
Percepção de Estresse em Tempos de Pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Redondo Fátima V. , Oliveira Mariana R. A. , Cardoso Francisco S.
Published: August 2023

ntroduction: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the mental health of the population. Objective: We aimed to analyze the perceived stress levels and the peritraumatic stress index in two diff erent samples with Portuguese nationality, one residing in Portugal (study 1) and the other living abroad (study 2). We also verifi ed the eff ect of gender and place of residence in these two samples for the two stress indicators. Method: Data collection took place from May 6th to June 8th. A snowball sampling method was applied to recruit participants. A web-based survey was developed to collect sociodemographic information and data on the perceived stress scale (PSS-10) and COVID-19 peritraumatic distress index (CPDI). The population living in Portugal include 369 subjects, and the population living abroad was 44 subjects. Results: From study 1, 43% of the sample manifested high levels of perceived stress, and 46.3% severe psychological distress, resulting from COVID-19 (peritraumatic stress). In study 2, the results showed that 50% of the subjects had high levels of perceived stress, and 50% had severe psychological distress because of the most recent pandemic. Residents in Portugal showed higher values in all measures studied; female gender also showed higher values in the 2 studies, in all measures. Conclusion: The fi ndings of this study suggest that the pandemic situation caused psychological distress in the Portuguese people. Therefore, we hope that this study can help develop intervention strategies to reduce psychological distress and prevent future vulnerabilities in the mental health of the Portuguese population.Keywords:Stress, pandemic, mental health, COVID-19
Questions Surround “Paused” NIH Health Communication Research Program
Authors: Rubin Rita
Published: August 2023

This Medical News article discusses concern over a “paused” program that would have funded research into countering health misinformation.
Focal Dermal Hypoplasia
Authors: Lee Tungchun , Lin Mao-ying , Lin Zhimiao
Published: August 2023

This case report describes facial atrophic papules with telangiectasias, streaked hypopigmented and hyperpigmented papules on the left side of the trunk and extremities, and soft yellow fat herniations.
Functional characterization of all‐trans retinoic acid‐induced differentiation factor (ATRAID)
Authors: Mehrasa Roya , Cristea Ileana , Bredrup Cecilie , Rødahl Eyvind , Bruland Ove
Published: August 2023

All‐trans retinoic acid‐induced differentiation (ATRAID) factor was first identified in HL60 cells. Several mRNA isoforms exist, but the respective proteins have not been fully characterized. In transfected cells expressing Myc‐Flag‐tagged ATRAID Isoform (Iso) A, B, and C, Iso C was found to be expressed at high levels, Iso A was found to be expressed at low levels due to rapid degradation, and the predicted protein expressed from Iso B was not detected. Iso C was present mainly in an N‐glycosylated form. In subcellular fractionation experiments, Iso C localized to the membranous and nuclear fractions, while immunofluorescence analysis revealed that Iso C is located close to the plasma membrane, mainly in cytoplasmic vesicles and in the Golgi area. We confirm that Iso C colocalizes to some extent with endosomal/lysosomal markers LAMP1 and LAMP2. Furthermore, we show that ATRAID co‐localizes with RAB11, a GTPase associated with recycling endosomes and implicated in regulating vesicular trafficking.
Detecting cellular senescence in vivo: Imagining imaging better
Authors: Rabinowitz Zachary M. , Cui Lina
Published: August 2023

Methods to detect cellular senescence have become increasingly important, even more so in living animals and humans. This cellular state has been found to play fundamental roles in physiological processes as well as functioning detrimentally toward the advent or progression of pathological conditions. Importantly, the study of senescence involvement in these processes in vivo cannot be done without living‐friendly technologies enabling senescence detection. Furthermore, senotherapies or therapies that selectively kill senescent cells have emerged as a new therapeutic strategy for aging and age‐related diseases such as atherosclerosis, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders and require tools to evaluate their use in vivo. As of now, our in vivo senescence detection toolkit includes genetically engineered reporter mouse models and small molecule imaging probes. Herein, we will focus on the detection of senescence in vivo, including a summary of its challenges, current detection methods and strategies, and a perspective on overcoming the current obstacles.
Unraveling the Significance of Li+/e−/O2 Phase Boundaries with a 3D‐Patterned Cu Electrode for Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Hyun Gayea , Park Mihui , Bae Gwangmin , Chung Jong‐woan , Ham Youngjin , Cho Seonyong , Jung Seungwon , Kim Suhwan , Lee Yong Min , Kang Yong‐Mook , Jeon Seokwoo
Published: August 2023

The reaction kinetics at a triple‐phase boundary (TPB) involving Li+, e−, and O2 dominate their electrochemical performances in Li–O2 batteries. Early studies on catalytic activities at Li+/e−/O2 interfaces have enabled great progress in energy efficiency; however, localized TPBs within the cathode hamper innovations in battery performance toward commercialization. Here, the effects of homogenized TPBs on the reaction kinetics in air cathodes with structurally designed pore networks in terms of pore size, interconnectivity, and orderliness are explored. The diffusion fluxes of reactants are visualized by modeling, and the simulated map reveals evenly distributed reaction areas within the periodic open structure. The 3D air cathode provides highly active, homogeneous TPBs over a real electrode scale, thus simultaneously achieving large discharge capacity, unprecedented energy efficiency, and long cyclability via mechanical/electrochemical stress relaxation. Homogeneous TPBs by cathode structural engineering provide a new strategy for improving the reaction kinetics beyond controlling the intrinsic properties of the materials.
Injectable Sealants Based on Silk Fibroin for Fast Hemostasis and Wound Repairing
Authors: Zhao Peng , Yang Peilang , Zhou Wei , Liu Haoyang , Jin Xin , Zhu Xinyuan
Published: August 2023

Uncontrollable blood loss poses fatality risks and most recently developed sealants still share common limitations on controversial components, degradability, mechanical strength or gelation time. Herein, series of injectable sealants based on silk fibroin (SF) is developed. Random coil/β‐sheet conformation transition in SF is achieved by forming dendritic intermediates under induction of the structurally compatible and chemically complementary assembly peptide (Ac‐KAEA‐KAEA‐KAEA‐KAEA‐NH2, KA16). A ratio of 1:5 (KA‐SF‐15) shown an accelerating gelation process (≈12 s) and enhanced mechanical strength at physiological conditions. The interweaved nanofibers effectively impeded the bleeding within 30 s and no obvious adverse effects are observed. The supramolecular interactions and in vivo degradation benefit the inflammatory host cells infiltration and cytokines diffusion. Without any exogenous factors, the increased expression of VEGF and PDGF led to a positive feedback regulation on fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cell growth/proliferation and promoted the wound healing. These findings indicated the few assembly‐peptide can accelerate fibroin gelation transition at a limited physiological condition, and the injectable amino acid‐based sealants show obvious advantages on biocompatibility, degradability, rapid gelation and matched strength, with strong potential to act as next generation of biomedical materials.
Nonlinear Dispersion Relation and Out‐of‐Plane Second Harmonic Generation in MoSSe and WSSe Janus Monolayers
Authors: Petrić Marko M. , Villafañe Viviana , Herrmann Paul , Ben Mhenni Amine , Qin Ying , Sayyad Yasir , Shen Yuxia , Tongay Sefaattin , Müller Kai , Soavi Giancarlo , Finley Jonathan J. , Barbone Matteo
Published: August 2023

Janus transition metal dichalcogenides are an emerging class of atomically thin materials with engineered broken mirror symmetry that gives rise to long‐lived dipolar excitons, Rashba splitting, and topologically protected solitons. They hold great promise as a versatile nonlinear optical platform due to their broadband harmonic generation tunability, ease of integration on photonic structures, and nonlinearities beyond the basal crystal plane. Here, second and third harmonic generation in MoSSe and WSSe Janus monolayers is studied. Polarization‐resolved spectroscopy is used to map the full second‐order susceptibility tensor of MoSSe, including its out‐of‐plane components. In addition, the effective third‐order susceptibility and the second‐order nonlinear dispersion close to exciton resonances for both MoSSe and WSSe are measured at room and cryogenic temperatures. This work sets a bedrock for understanding the nonlinear optical properties of Janus transition metal dichalcogenides and probing their use in the next‐generation on‐chip multifaceted photonic devices.
Collectively Enhanced Giant Circular Dichroism of Germanium Nanohelix Square Lattice Arrays
Authors: Ellrott Günter , Beck Paul , Sultanov Vitaliy , Rothau Sergej , Lindlein Norbert , Chekhova Maria , Krstić Vojislav
Published: August 2023

Circular dichroism is a unique chiroptical signature of the chirality of a system and is a prevalent way to characterize and distinguish systems on a fundamental level and for their technological applicability. Thus, engineering and maximizing the chiroptical response of a single chiral object or a metasurface composed of chiral entities is a formidable task. Current efforts strongly focus on individual metallic nanostructures and their periodic ensembles to harvest on (resonant) plasmonic properties and interactions. This route, however, waives the advantages of high‐refractive‐index nanoscale materials embracing low dissipative losses at optical wavelengths and electromagnetic fields penetrating and propagating in such materials. Herein, a strong circular dichroism is demonstrated in square lattices of nanohelices made of the high‐refractive‐index semiconductor germanium, with dissymmetry factors outperforming metal‐based ensembles. The observation of a much higher dissymmetry emerges for illumination with spatially coherent light, in comparison to spatially incoherent light. High dissymmetry is attributed to cooperative coupling between single helices, resulting from the combination of dielectric resonances of both the individual helical building blocks and the highly ordered lattice.
Preparation of Fe(III) Peeling‐Intercalation Ball Clay/Oyster Shell Composites and Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater
Authors: Zhou Zhijian , Yan Jie , Wu Zijun , Xu Qiulin , Fang Xitong , Zhong Qiuling , Li Qiaoguang
Published: August 2023

Fe(III) is introduced into ball clay by the peeling‐intercalation technique, and mixed with oyster shell (B‐FB‐OS), pelletized, and calcined to form granular materials (FB‐OS) demonstrated that the presence of SiO2 and Fe(III) is favorable for CaCO3 pyrolysis, and the pyrolysis temperature of CaCO3 in B‐FB‐OS is 46 °C lower than that of oyster shell. A large amount of flocculent products are generated on the surface of FB‐OS after phosphorus removal, but pore channels are still observed. EDS analysis and theoretical analysis show that the flocculent products contain Ca3(PO4)2, suggesting the occurrence of chemisorption. Fe3+/Ca2+ has synergism, the maximum adsorption capacity of FB‐OS is 244.65 mg g−1, and the phosphorus concentration after treatment is lower than 1 mg L−1. The kinetic adsorption behavior of FB‐OS is applicable to Pseudo‐second‐order rate equation. The results of the Weber–Morris model demonstrate that the adsorption process is controlled by outer film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion together. The thermodynamic behavior of FB‐OS is consistent with the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.945). The comprehensive analysis indicates that FB‐OS is multilayer adsorption and nonuniform surface adsorption, and has a strong phosphorus removal ability.
Investigation of All Inorganic Lead‐Free Perovskite CsSnI3/Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cell Using SCAPS‐1D
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Kumar Sushil
Published: August 2023

Ab inito investigation of Perovskite/Silicon heterojunction solar cell is performed using SCAPS‐1D. Here, all‐inorganic lead‐free perovskite, CsSnI3, is investigated for solar cell with CsSnI3/n‐c‐Si configuration and a maximum efficiency of 26.52% is optimized. First, thickness optimization of CsSnI3/n‐c‐Si solar cell with Flat‐Band ohmic contact on both sides is performed for CsSnI3 and n‐c‐Si layers and is optimized to 10 nm for CsSnI3 and 175 µm for n‐c‐Si with 19.45% efficiency. Subsequently, doping concentration optimization of CsSnI3 and n‐c‐Si layers has furnished optimum 26.52% efficiency with 4.5 × 1017 cm−3 of CsSnI3 and 1.7 × 1018 cm−3 of n‐c‐Si. Effect of various metal contacts are investigated to find the feasible metal contact among Pt, Au, Al, Ag, and Cu. Pt and Au are found feasible for Front metal contact, whereas Al, Ag, and Cu are found feasible for Back metal contact. Moreover, the impact of CsSnI3/n‐c‐Si interface defects on performance parameters is investigated.
Controllable Resistive Switching in ReS2/WS2 Heterostructure for Nonvolatile Memory and Synaptic Simulation
Authors: Huang Feihong , Ke Congming , Li Jinan , Chen Li , Yin Jun , Li Xu , Wu Zhiming , Zhang Chunmiao , Xu Feiya , Wu Yaping , Kang Junyong
Published: August 2023

Memristors with nonvolatile storage performance and simulated synaptic functions are regarded as one of the critical devices to overcome the bottleneck in traditional von Neumann computer architecture. 2D van der Waals heterostructures have paved a new way for the development of advanced memristors by integrating the intriguing features of different materials and offering additional controllability over their optoelectronic properties. Herein, planar memristors with both electrical and optical tunability based on ReS2/WS2 van der Waals heterostructure are demonstrated. The devices show unique unipolar nonvolatile behavior with high Roff/Ron ratio of up to 106, desirable endurance, and retention, which are superior to pure ReS2 and WS2 devices. When decreasing the channel length, the set voltage can be notably reduced while the high Roff/Ron ratios are retained. By introducing electrostatic doping through the gate control, the set voltage can be tailored in a wide range from 4.50 to 0.40 V. Furthermore, biological synaptic functions and plasticity, including spike rate‐dependent plasticity and paired‐pulse facilitation, are successfully realized. By employing optical illumination, resistive switching can also be modulated, which is dependent on the illumination energy and power. A mechanism related to the interlayer charge transfer controlled by optical excitation is revealed.
Underlying Mechanisms and Tunability of the Anomalous Hall Effect in NiCo2O4 Films with Robust Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy
Authors: Lv Hua , Huang Xiao Chun , Zhang Kelvin Hong Liang , Bierwagen Oliver , Ramsteiner Manfred
Published: August 2023

Their high tunability of electronic and magnetic properties makes transition‐metal oxides (TMOs) highly intriguing for fundamental studies and promising for a wide range of applications. TMOs with strong ferrimagnetism provide new platforms for tailoring the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) beyond conventional concepts based on ferromagnets, and particularly TMOs with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) are of prime importance for today's spintronics. This study reports on transport phenomena and magnetic characteristics of the ferrimagnetic TMO NiCo2O4 (NCO) exhibiting PMA. The entire electrical and magnetic properties of NCO films are strongly correlated with their conductivities governed by the cation valence states. The AHE exhibits an unusual sign reversal resulting from a competition between intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms depending on the conductivity, which can be tuned by the synthesis conditions independent of the film thickness. Importantly, skew‐scattering is identified as an AHE contribution for the first time in the low‐conductivity regime. Application wise, the robust PMA without thickness limitation constitutes a major advantage compared to conventional PMA materials utilized in today's spintronics. The great potential for applications is exemplified by two proposed novel device designs consisting only of NCO films that open a new route for future spintronics, such as ferrimagnetic high‐density memories.
Inverse Design of Plasmonic Nanohole Arrays by Combing Spectra and Structural Color in Deep Learning
Authors: Liu Chun , Zhang Jinglan , Zhao Yiping , Ai Bin
Published: August 2023

Herein, deep learning (DL) is used to predict the structural parameters of Ag nanohole arrays (NAs) for spectrum‐driving and color‐driving plasmonic applications. A dataset of transmission spectra and structural parameters of NAs is generated using finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) calculations and is converted to vivid structural colors using the corresponding transmission spectrum. A bidirectional neural network is used to train the transmission spectrum and structural color together. The accuracy of predicting the structural parameters using a desired spectrum is tested and found to be up to 0.99, with a determination coefficient of reproducing the desired spectrum and color to be 0.97 and 0.96, respectively. These values are higher compared to those when only training for spectrum, but requiring less training time. This strategy is able to inverse design the NAs in less than 1 s to maximize surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement by matching transmission resonance and laser excitation wavelength, and accurately regenerate colored images in 7.5 s, allowing for nanoscale printing at a resolution of approximately 100 000 dots in−1. This work has important implications for the efficient design of nanostructures for various plasmonic applications, such as plasmonic sensors, optical filters, metal‐enhanced fluorescence, SERS, and super‐resolution displays.
A Review of Graphene‐Based Memristive Neuromorphic Devices and Circuits
Authors: Walters Ben , Jacob Mohan V. , Amirsoleimani Amirali , Rahimi Azghadi Mostafa
Published: August 2023

As data processing volume increases, the limitations of traditional computers and the need for more efficient computing methods become evident. Neuromorphic computing mimics the brain's low‐power and high‐speed computations, making it crucial in the era of big data and artificial intelligence. One significant development in this field is the memristor, a device that exhibits neuromorphic tendencies. The performance of memristive devices and circuits relies on the materials used, with graphene being a promising candidate due to its unique properties. Researchers are investigating graphene‐based memristors for large‐scale, sustainable fabrication. Herein, progress in the development of graphene‐based memristive neuromorphic devices and circuits is highlighted. Graphene and its common fabrication methods are discussed. The fabrication and production of graphene‐based memristive devices are reviewed and comparisons are provided among graphene‐ and nongraphene‐based memristive devices. Next, a detailed synthesis of the devices utilizing graphene‐based memristors is provided to implement the basic building blocks of neuromorphic architectures, that is, synapses, and neurons. This is followed by reviewing studies building graphene memristive spiking neural networks (SNNs). Finally, insights on the prospects of graphene‐based neuromorphic memristive systems including their device‐ and network‐level challenges and opportunities are given.
Interpretable Fragment‐Based Molecule Design with Self‐Learning Entropic Population Annealing
Authors: Li Jiawen , Sumita Masato , Tamura Ryo , Tsuda Koji
Published: August 2023

Self‐learning entropic population annealing (SLEPA) is a recently developed method used for achieving interpretable black‐box optimization via density‐of‐states estimation. Applying SLEPA to a chemical space is not straightforward, however, because of its dependence on Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling in the space of generated entities. Herein, SLEPA is applied to optimal molecule generation by combining an irreducible Markov chain in the space of fragment multisets and a probabilistic fragment assembler such as MoLeR. The weighted samples from SLEPA are used to identify salient fragments for the highest occupied molecular orbitals‐lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMO‐LUMO) gap maximization and minimization, and the relationship between the identified fragments and the electronic structures is elucidated. This approach offers a viable platform to reconcile the incompatible goals of optimization and interpretation during molecular design.
Ocular manifestations of mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy: A case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Heng , Ruan Gechong , Yang Shan , Li Hui , Sun Zixi , Tian Bowen , Yan Pengguang , Li Yue , Yang Hong , Zhong Yong , Qian Jiaming
Published: August 2023

Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) is a rare autosomal recessive multisystem disorder that often presents with gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms. Here we report a 33‐year‐old male who presented with a 16‐year history of diarrhea with black stool and progressive weight loss. He complained of progressive bilateral blurred vision, upper eyelids heaviness, ocular motility impairment, and color blindness. Peripheral neuropathy, bilateral sensorineural deafness, hyperlactatemia, diabetes mellitus, hepatic steatosis, blood coagulation dysfunction, and diffuse leukoencephalopathy were detected in the systemic evaluation. Based on the novel homozygous pathogenic variant in the TYMP gene (c.1159+1G>A), he was diagnosed with MNGIE. On ophthalmic examinations, the thickness of the inner retina and ganglion cell complex significantly decreased. ERG showed diffusely decreased amplitudes. The electronegative electroretinogram, which was first reported in MNGIE, indicated a more severe inner retina impairment. The bilateral papillomacular bundle defect and central vision loss in MNGIE are consistent with classical mitochondrial optic neuropathies' features. According to the literature, pigmentary retinopathy, optic neuropathy, and abnormal pupillary reflexes are uncommon ocular features of MNGIE. This study contributes to a better understanding of ocular manifestations in MNGIE and demonstrates that MNGIE may have dyschromatopsia and an electronegative electroretinogram.
New bands in the sleep stages of spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi): Electroencephalographic correlations and spatial distribution
Authors: Hernández‐Arteaga Enrique , Cruz‐Aguilar Manuel A. , Hernández‐González Marisela , Guevara Miguel A. , Ramírez‐Salado Ignacio , Rivera‐García Ana P.
Published: August 2023

The study of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals in nonhuman primates has led to important discoveries in neurophysiology and sleep behavior. Several studies have analyzed digital EEG data from primate species with prehensile tails, like the spider monkey, and principal component analysis has led to the identification of new EEG bands and their spatial distribution during sleep and wakefulness in these monkeys. However, the spatial location of the EEG correlations of these new bands during the sleep–wake cycle in the spider monkey has not yet been explored. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of EEG correlations in the new bands during wakefulness, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and non‐REM sleep in this species. EEG signals were obtained from the scalp of six monkeys housed in experimental conditions in a laboratory setting. Regarding the 1–21 Hz band, a significant correlation between left frontal and central regions was recorded during non‐REM 2 sleep. In the REM sleep, a significant correlation between these cortical areas was seen in two bands: 1–3 and 3–13 Hz. This reflects a modification of the degree of coupling between the cortical areas studied, associated with the distinct stages of sleep. The intrahemispheric EEG correlation found between left perceptual and motor regions during sleep in the spider monkey could indicate activation of a neural circuit for the processing of environmental information that plays a critical role in monitoring the danger of nocturnal predation.
The early lives of the islanders: Stable isotope analysis of incremental dentine collagen from the prehispanic period of the Canary Islands
Authors: Sánchez‐Cañadillas Elías , Beaumont Julia , Santana‐Cabrera Jonathan , Gorton Marise , Arnay‐de‐la‐Rosa Matilde
Published: August 2023

Objectives

This study presents isotopic information for incremental dentine collagen and bone bulk collagen from individuals from the Canary Islands (Tenerife and Gran Canaria) to explore dietary differences during childhood life.

Materials and Methods

Eight individuals have been studied, which comprises 122 δ15N and δ13C incremental dentine measurements and eight bulk bone collagen analyses. A baseline of potentially consumed food sources has been developed for comparative purposes. A food reconstruction using isotopic transferred signals (FRUITS) model of probable contributions of each food source towards the diet of each individual has been developed. All samples but one belongs to the later period of indigenous occupation of the archipelago.

Results

The dentine collagen data are presented in correlated δ13C and δ15N plots per individual, showing the isotopic changes throughout time. δ15N values for each individual tend to be variable whereas δ13C data are generally more stable with a range of +9.1 to +14‰ for δ15N and −17.4 to −20.8‰ for δ13C.

Conclusion

The isotopic analysis allows for the reconstruction of eight dietary profiles, which allow us to estimate the different dietary protein sources. The FRUITS model shows different percentages of the primary food sources for each individual. Where both δ13C and δ15N are elevated, this could be indicative of a higher marine contribution to the diet. There appear to be two main dietary profiles identifiable in the dataset and these may be related to changes in status or place of residence. Short‐term variations in δ13C and δ15N and opposing co‐variance of isotopic values can be indicative of nutritional stress, although metabolic changes during growth are also considered.
Skeletal muscle mitochondrial function predicts cognitive impairment and is associated with biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and neurodegeneration
Authors: Tian Qu , Bilgel Murat , Walker Keenan A. , Moghekar Abhay R. , Fishbein Kenneth W. , Spencer Richard G. , Resnick Susan M. , Ferrucci Luigi
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION

Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of many chronic diseases. Whether it is related to cognitive impairment and pathological markers is unknown.

METHODS

We examined the associations of in vivo skeletal muscle mitochondrial function (post‐exercise recovery rate of phosphocreatine [kPCr] via magnetic resonance [MR] spectroscopy with future mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia, and with positron emission tomography (PET) and blood biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease [AD] and neurodegeneration (i.e., Pittsburgh Compound‐B [PiB] distribution volume ratio [DVR] for amyloid beta [Aβ], flortaucipir (FTP) standardized uptake value ratio [SUVR] for tau, Aβ42/40 ratio, phosphorylated tau 181 [p‐tau181], neurofilament light chain [NfL], and glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]).

RESULTS

After covariate adjustment, each standard deviation (SD) higher kPCr level was associated with 52% lower hazards of developing MCI/dementia, and with 59% lower odds of being PiB positive with specific associations in DVR of frontal, parietal, and temporal regions, and cingulate cortex and pallidum. Higher kPCr level was also associated with lower plasma GFAP.

DISCUSSION

In aging, mitochondrial dysfunction may play a vital role in AD pathological changes and neuroinflammation.

Highlights

Higher in vivo mitochondrial function is related to lower risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia.

Higher in vivo mitochondrial function is related to lower amyloid tracer uptake.

Higher in vivo mitochondrial function is related to lower plasma neuroinflammation.

Mitochondrial dysfunction may play a key role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and neurodegeneration.
Regulating Steric Hindrance of Porous Organic Polymers in Composite Solid‐State Electrolytes to Induce the Formation of LiF‐Rich SEI in Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Zishao , Zhou Xuanyi , Zhang Biao , Huang Fenfen , Wang Yan , Ma Zengsheng , Liu Jun
Published: August 2023

Lithium fluoride (LiF) at the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) contributes to the stable operation of polymer‐based solid‐state lithium metal batteries. Currently, most of the methods for constructing lithium fluoride SEI are based on the design of polar groups of fillers. However, the mechanism behind how steric hindrance of fillers impacts LiF formation remains unclear. This study synthesizes three kinds of porous polyacetal amides (PAN‐X, X=NH2, NH‐CH3, N‐(CH3)2) with varying steric hindrances by regulating the number of methyl substitutions of nitrogen atoms on the reaction monomer, which are incorporated into polymer composite solid electrolytes, to investigate the regulation mechanism of steric hindrance on the content of lithium fluoride in SEI. The results show that bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI−) will compete for the charge without steric effect, while excessive steric hindrance hinders the interaction between TFSI− and polar groups, reducing charge acquisition. Only when one hydrogen atom on the amino group is replaced by a methyl group, steric hindrance from the methyl group prevents TFSI− from capturing charge in that direction, thereby facilitating the transfer of charge from the polar group to a separate TFSI− and promoting maximum LiF formation. This work provides a novel perspective on constructing LiF‐rich SEI.
Sulfur‐Rich Additive‐Induced Interphases Enable Highly Stable 4.6 V LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2||graphite Pouch Cells
Authors: Fan Ziqiang , Zhou Xunzhu , Qiu Jingwei , Yang Zhuo , Lei Chenxi , Hao Zhiqiang , Li Jianhui , Li Lin , Zeng Ronghua , Chou Shu‐Lei
Published: August 2023

High‐voltage lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have attracted great attention due to their promising high energy density. However, severe capacity degradation is witnessed, which originated from the incompatible and unstable electrolyte‐electrode interphase at high voltage. Herein, a robust additive‐induced sulfur‐rich interphase is constructed by introducing an additive with ultrahigh S‐content (34.04 %, methylene methyl disulfonate, MMDS) in 4.6 V LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523)||graphite pouch cell. The MMDS does not directly participate the inner Li+ sheath, but the strong interactions between MMDS and PF6− anions promote the preferential decomposition of MMDS and broaden the oxidation stability, facilitating the formation of an ultrathin but robust sulfur‐rich interfacial layer. The electrolyte consumption, gas production, phase transformation and dissolution of transition metal ions were effectively inhibited. As expected, the 4.6 V NCM523||graphite pouch cell delivers a high capacity retention of 87.99 % even after 800 cycles. This work shares new insight into the sulfur‐rich additive‐induced electrolyte‐electrode interphase for stable high‐voltage LIBs.
Boosting Zn Anode Utilization by Trace Iodine Ions in Organic‐Water Hybrid Electrolytes through Formation of Anion‐rich Adsorbing Layers
Authors: Zhou Kang , Li Zhi , Qiu Xuan , Yu Zhuo , Wang Yonggang
Published: August 2023

Aqueous Zn batteries are attracting extensive attentions, but their application is still hindered by H2O‐induced Zn‐corrosion and hydrogen evolution reactions. Addition of organic solvents into aqueous electrolytes to limit the H2O activity is a promising solution, but at the cost of greatly reduced Zn anode kinetics. Here we propose a simple strategy for this challenge by adding 50 mM iodine ions into an organic‐water (1,2‐dimethoxyethane (DME)+water) hybrid electrolyte, which enables the electrolyte simultaneously owns the advantages of low H2O activity and accelerated Zn kinetics. We demonstrate that the DME breaks the H2O hydrogen‐bond network and exclude H2O from Zn2+ solvation shell. And the I− is firmly adsorbed on the Zn anode, reducing the Zn2+ de‐solvation barrier from 74.33 kJ mol−1 to 32.26 kJ mol−1 and inducing homogeneous nucleation behavior. With such electrolyte, the Zn//Zn symmetric cell exhibits a record high cycling lifetime (14.5 months) and achieves high Zn anode utilization (75.5 %). In particular, the Zn//VS2@SS full cell with the optimized electrolyte stably cycles for 170 cycles at a low N : P ratio (3.64). Even with the cathode mass‐loading of 16.7 mg cm−2, the full cell maintains the areal capacity of 0.96 mAh cm−2 after 1600 cycles.
Forging Medium Rings via I(I)/I(III)‐Catalyzed Diene Carbofunctionalization
Authors: Yu You‐Jie , Häfliger Joel , Wang Zi‐Xuan , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Gilmour Ryan
Published: August 2023

A main‐group catalysis‐based strategy to access 8‐membered carbocycles via the direct carbofunctionalization of 2‐phenethyl‐substituted 1,3‐dienes is disclosed. Through the intervention of an I(I)/I(III) catalysis cycle, the synthesis of densely functionalized, fluorinated benzocyclooctenes can be achieved in an operationally simple manner. Modulating the oxidation/activation regime, and the external nucleophile, the process has been extended to unify the challenging cyclization with formation of allylic C−O, C−N, and C−C bonds (>30 examples). Derivatization of the product benzocyclooctenes is demonstrated together with X‐ray conformational analysis, preliminary validation of enantioselective catalysis and a scalable resolution protocol.
Integrated Photochromic‐Photothermal Processes for Catalytic Plastic Upcycling
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhang Congyang , Feng Ji , Wang Xuchun , Ding Zhifeng , He Le , Zhang Qiao , Chen Jinxing , Yin Yadong
Published: August 2023

Incorporating high‐energy ultraviolet (UV) photons into photothermal catalytic processes may enable photothermal‐photochemical synergistic catalysis, which represents a transformative technology for waste plastic recycling. The major challenge is avoiding side reactions and by‐products caused by these energetic photons. Here, we break through the limitation of the existing photothermal conversion mechanism and propose a photochromic‐photothermal catalytic system based on polyol‐ligated TiO2 nanocrystals. Upon UV or sunlight irradiation, the chemically bonded polyols can rapidly capture holes generated by TiO2, enabling photogenerated electrons to reduce Ti4+ to Ti3+ and produce oxygen vacancies. The resulting abundant defect energy levels boost sunlight‐to‐heat conversion efficiency, and simultaneously the oxygen vacancies facilitate polyester glycolysis by activating the nucleophilic addition‐elimination process. As a result, compared to commercial TiO2 (P25), we achieve 6‐fold and 12.2‐fold performance enhancements under thermal and photothermal conditions, respectively, while maintaining high selectivity to high‐valued monomers. This paradigm‐shift strategy directs energetic UV photons for activating catalysts and avoids their interaction with reactants, opening the possibility of substantially elevating the efficiency of more solar‐driven catalysis.
Evaluation of the barrier and mechanical characteristics of bromo‐butyl rubber‐containing blends for use in inner liner of automotive tires
Authors: Raju Aswathy Thuruthil , Parathodika Arshad Rahman , Naskar Kinsuk
Published: August 2023

One of the best elastomers for the inner liner of a tire is brominated butyl rubber (BIIR). On the other hand, cutting‐edge automobile technologies call for BIIR with enhanced curing, mechanical, and barrier qualities. Consequently, in this investigation, BIIR blends were created with different elastomers that have similar permeability qualities of BIIR but have improved physical properties. Elastomeric blends of BIIR with epoxidized natural rubber (ENR), hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR), and polyepichlorohydrin rubber (CO) were prepared using a melt mixing procedure that could be scaled up for commercial use. The crosslinking behavior, physical, morphological, and barrier characteristics of the developed blends were assessed. The crosslinking properties of new blends revealed a 100% improvement in torque difference, indicating superior cocurability of them with other general‐purpose rubbers used in tire in comparison to the reference BIIR sample. It was also found that the newly developed blends have enhanced mechanical qualities without sacrificing the air impermeability of BIIR, which in turn gives the capacity to withstand high air pressures and thereby a decrease in rolling resistance.
Spatial and temporal dynamics of a Nassau grouper fish spawning aggregation located on an isolated seamount in Puerto Rico
Authors: Tuohy Evan , Schärer‐Umpierre Michelle , Penrod Louis , Appeldoorn Richard
Published: August 2023

The Nassau grouper, Epinephelus striatus, is a slow‐growing, late‐maturing, long‐lived reef fish widely distributed throughout the south‐western North Atlantic. Known for forming large spawning aggregations, numbering tens of thousands, they are now listed as Critically Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Recently, the only Nassau grouper spawning aggregation in Puerto Rico was documented at Bajo de Sico, a seamount and seasonally closed marine protected area.

Studies elsewhere on the spatio‐temporal dynamics of Nassau grouper aggregations have documented how, and how far, fish move from home sites to the spawning site, and have shown the tight link between aggregation formation and the lunar cycle. However, these studies have not evaluated the potential impacts of the reduced spatial extent represented by a seamount, nor have they addressed the impacts of local seasonal protection relative to the size of the closed area and the timing of aggregation formation.

Acoustic telemetry was used to quantify the spatio‐temporal dynamics of Nassau grouper spawning aggregation formation at Bajo de Sico. Twenty‐six individuals were tagged and tracked over three consecutive spawning seasons.

Nassau grouper formed three or four aggregations per season, corresponding to the lunar cycles from January to April. Individuals displayed high visitation rates to the aggregation site: 98% visited at least two peaks per season; 80% visited multiple seasons. The timing of arrival, departure, and residency at the site were significantly different among individuals and lunar months, indicating significant variability in aggregation formation. Nassau grouper occupied a relatively small staging area (2.7 km2) and courtship arena (0.67 km2) compared with aggregations occurring on continental/insular platforms or large atolls; movements off the seamount may occur but were not detected. Results indicate the current seasonal closure inadequately protects the spawning population on Bajo de Sico and should be extended to the end of June.
Enantioselective Alkynylation of 2‐Aryl‐3H‐indol‐3‐ones via Cooperative Catalysis of Copper/Chiral Phosphoric Acid
Authors: Wu Xi‐Xi , Ma Tao , Qiao Xiu‐Xiu , Zou Chang‐Peng , Li Ganpeng , He Yonghui , Zhao Xiao‐Jing
Published: August 2023

A facile enantioselective alkynylation of cyclic ketimines attached to a neutral functional group utilizing the dual Cu(I)‐CPA catalysis is described. The strategy of the alkynylation of 2‐aryl‐3H‐indol‐3‐one directly to chiral propargylic amines containing indolin‐3‐one moiety in good yields and enantioselectivities. Moreover, gram‐scale synthesis of chiral propargylamines based C2‐quaternary indolin‐3‐ones was performed. The synthetic applications were confirmed by transformations of the products with no decrease in the yield and enantioselectivity.
Dealing with uncertainty: A systematic approach to addressing value‐based ethical dilemmas in behavioral services
Authors: Huang Weihe , Lee Gabrielle T. , Zhang Xiaofan
Published: August 2023

Applied behavior analysis (ABA) service delivery is a complicated process and some issues stemming from this process can be controversial. Ethical dilemmas can challenge ABA practitioners and require thorough examination. The goal of this paper is to identify the existence of value‐based ethical dilemmas stemming from potential tensions among underlying values and to provide behavior practitioners with a systematic approach to addressing these dilemmas. Specifically, we use a step‐by‐step protocol for ethical deliberation and dilemma resolution in situations involving value‐based ethical dilemmas. We describe the application of this approach to clinical cases and its implications for services provided via telehealth.
Bioadhesive microneedle patches for tissue sealing
Authors: Freundlich Eden , Shimony Neta , Gross Adi , Mizrahi Boaz
Published: August 2023

Sealing of soft tissues prevents leakage of gas and liquid, closes wounds, and promotes healing and is, therefore, of great significance in the clinical and medical fields. Although various formulations have been developed for reliable sealing of soft tissue, tradeoffs between adhesive properties, degradation profile, and tissue toxicity limit their clinical use. Hydrogel‐based adhesives, for example, are highly biocompatible but adhere very weakly to the tissue and degrade quickly, while oxidized cellulose patches are poorly absorbed and may cause healing complications postoperatively. Here, we present a novel strategy for tissue sealing based on bioadhesive microneedle patches that can spontaneously adhere to tissue surface through electrostatic interactions and swell within it. A series of microneedle patches made of pullulan, chitosan, Carbopol, poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid), and a Carbopol/chitosan combination were fabricated and characterized for their use in tissue sealing. The effect of microneedle composition on the fabrication process, physical and mechanical properties, in vitro cytotoxicity, and in vivo biocompatibility were examined. The needle structure enables microneedles to strongly fix onto various tissues via physical interlocking, while their adhesive properties improve staying time and sealing capabilities. The microneedle patch comprising Carbopol needles and chitosan as a second pedestal layer presented the best results in terms of sealing and adhesion, a consequence of the needle's swelling and adhesion features combined with the supportive chitosan base layer. Finally, single Carbopol/chitosan patches stopped intense liver bleeding in a rat model significantly quicker and with less blood loss compared with commercial oxidized cellulose patches. These microneedles can be considered a promising cost‐effective platform for adhering and sealing tissues as they can be applied quickly and painlessly, and require less trained medical staff and equipment.