bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability in Proto-planetary Nebulae. VI. Multitelescope Light Curve Studies of Several Medium-bright (V = 13–15), Carbon-rich Objects
Authors: Hrivnak Bruce J. , Henson Gary , Hillwig Todd C. , Lu Wenxian , Murphy Brian W. , Kaitchuck Ronald H.
Published: December 2019

We present 10 years of new photometric monitoring of the light variability of five evolved stars with strong mid-infrared emission from surrounding dust. Three are known carbon-rich proto-planetary nebulae (PPNe) with F−G spectral types; the nature of the other two was previously unknown. For the three PPNe, we determine or refine the pulsation periods of IRAS 04296+3429 (71 days), 06530−0213 (80 days), and 23304+6147 (84 days). A secondary period was found for each, with a period ratio P

2
/P

1
of 0.9. The light variations are small, 0.1–0.2 mag. These are similar to values found in other PPNe. The other two are found to be giant stars. IRAS 09296+1159 pulsates with a period of only 47 days but reaches pulsational light variations of 0.5 mag. Supplemental spectroscopy reveals the spectrum of a CH carbon star. IRAS 08359−1644 is a G1 III star that does not display pulsational variability; rather, it shows nonperiodic decreases of brightness of up to 0.5 mag over this 10 year interval. These drops in brightness are reminiscent of the light curves of R Corona Borealis variables, but with much smaller decreases in brightness and are likely due to transient dust obscuration. Its spectral energy distribution is very similar to that of the unusual oxygen-rich giant star HDE 233517, which possesses mid-infrared hydrocarbon emission features. These two non-PPNe turn out to be members of the rare group of giant stars with large mid-infrared excesses due to dust, objects which presumably have interesting evolutionary histories.
Testing Cosmic Opacity with the Combination of Strongly Lensed and Unlensed Supernova Ia
Authors: Ma Yu-Bo , Cao Shuo , Zhang Jia , Qi Jingzhao , Liu Tonghua , Liu Yuting , Geng Shuaibo
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we present a scheme to investigate the opacity of the universe in a cosmological-model-independent way, with the combination of current and future measurements of an SN Ia sample and galactic-scale strong gravitational lensing systems with SNe Ia acting as background sources. The observational data include the current newly compiled SNe Ia data (Pantheon sample) and a simulated sample of SNe Ia observed by the forthcoming Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), which are taken for luminosity distances (D
L) possibly affected by the cosmic opacity, as well as strongly lensed SNe Ia observed by the LSST, which are responsible for providing the observed time-delay distance unaffected by the cosmic opacity. Focusing on only one specific type of standard cosmological probe, this provides an original method to measure cosmic opacity at high precision. Working on the simulated sample of strongly lensed SNe Ia observed by the LSST in the 10 yr z-band search, our results show that, with the combination of the current newly compiled SNe Ia data (Pantheon sample), there is no significant deviation from the transparency of the universe at the current observational data level. Moreover, strongly lensed SNe Ia in a 10 yr LSST z-band search would produce more robust constraints on the validity of cosmic transparency, with a larger sample of unlensed SNe Ia detected in the future LSST survey. We have also discussed the ways in which our methodology could be improved, with the combination of current and future available data in the gravitational wave and electromagnetic domain.
No Evidence for Critical Balance in Field-aligned Alfvénic Solar Wind Turbulence
Authors: Telloni Daniele , Carbone Francesco , Bruno Roberto , Sorriso-Valvo Luca , Zank Gary P. , Adhikari Laxman , Hunana Peter
Published: December 2019

The properties of Alfvénic solar wind turbulence have been studied for decades using spacecraft measurements. In particular, the observation of spectral anisotropy of magnetic fluctuations has stimulated the development of several phenomenological models, one of the most popular being critical balance. However, the experimental validation of these models is intrinsically difficult because of the one-dimensional nature of the measurements provided by spacecraft instrumentation. In this work, a thorough search is performed in the Wind spacecraft database to extract samples of field-aligned fast solar wind, which allow the precise estimation of the parallel spectral properties of the magnetic fluctuations, and of their intermittency. Hilbert spectral analysis is used, in order to eliminate the possible role of nonstationarity and large-scale structures. Our results indicate that the spectral anisotropy predicted by the critical balance theory is not observed in the selected database, thus questioning the validity of the critical balance in the solar wind turbulence. A stochastic process characterized by a −5/3 spectral scaling, which is not necessarily attributed to usual turbulence, as indicated by the absence of intermittency, is indeed observed in the analyzed data samples.
Circumplanetary Disk Dynamics in the Isothermal and Adiabatic Limits
Authors: Fung 馮澤 Jeffrey 之 , Zhu 朱照 Zhaohuan 寰 , Chiang 蔣詒 Eugene 曾
Published: December 2019

Circumplanetary disks (CPDs) may be essential to the formation of planets, regulating their spin and accretion evolution. We perform a series of 3D hydrodynamics simulations in both the isothermal and adiabatic limits to systematically measure the rotation rates, sizes, and masses of CPDs as functions of

, the ratio of the planet mass to the disk thermal mass. Our

ranges from 0.1 to 4; for our various disk temperatures, this corresponds to planet masses between one Earth mass and four Jupiter masses. Within this parameter space, we find that isothermal CPDs are disky and bound within ∼10% of the planet’s Bondi radius

, with the innermost

in full rotational support. Adiabatic CPDs are spherical (and therefore not actually “disks”), bound within

, and mainly pressure-supported, with rotation rates scaling linearly with

extrapolation suggests full rotational support of adiabatic envelopes at

. Fast rotation and 3D supersonic flow render isothermal CPDs significantly different in structure from—and orders of magnitude less massive than—their 1D isothermal hydrostatic counterparts. Inside a minimum-mass solar nebula, even a maximally cooled, isothermal CPD around a 10 Earth-mass core may have less than one Earth mass, suggesting that gas giant formation may hinge on angular momentum transport processes in CPDs. Our CPD sizes and masses appear consistent with the regular satellites orbiting solar system giants.
Numerical Simulation on the Propagation and Deflection of Fast Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) Interacting with a Corotating Interaction Region in Interplanetary Space
Authors: Liu Yousheng , Shen Fang , Yang Yi
Published: December 2019

Previous research has shown that the deflection of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in interplanetary space, especially fast CMEs, is a common phenomenon. The deflection caused by the interaction with background solar wind is an important factor to determine whether CMEs could hit Earth or not. As the Sun rotates, there will be interactions between solar wind flows with different speeds. When faster solar wind runs into slower solar wind ahead, it will form a compressive area corotating with the Sun, which is called a corotating interaction region (CIR). These compression regions always have a higher density than the common background solar wind. When interacting with CME, will this make a difference in the deflection process of CME? In this research, first, a three-dimensional (3D) flux-rope CME initialization model is established based on the graduated cylindrical shell (GCS) model. Then this CME model is introduced into the background solar wind, which is obtained using a 3D IN (INterplanetary) -TVD-MHD model. The Carrington Rotation (CR) 2154 is selected as an example to simulate the propagation and deflection of fast CME when it interacts with background solar wind, especially with the CIR structure. The simulation results show that: (1) the fast CME will deflect eastward when it propagates into the background solar wind without the CIR; (2) when the fast CME hits the CIR on its west side, it will also deflect eastward, and the deflection angle will increase compared with the situation without CIR.
Generic Regular Black Holes Related to Nonlinear Electrodynamics with Maxwellian Weak-field Limit: Shadows and Images of Keplerian Disks
Authors: Stuchlík Zdeněk , Schee Jan , Ovchinnikov Dmitriy
Published: December 2019

We study optical phenomena in generic regular, magnetically charged, spherically symmetric black hole spacetimes arising from coupling of the Einstein gravity and nonlinear electrodynamics (NED) with the Maxwellian weak-field limit, where photons follow null geodesics of an effective geometry, directly reflecting the electromagnetic nonlinearity. We compare the motion of photons with that of massless neutrinos, which are not affected directly by nonlinearities of the non-Maxwellian electromagnetic field and follow null geodesics of the background spacetime. We determine shadows of such black holes, compare the time delays of photons and neutrinos moving in their field, and construct images of the Keplerian disks. We demonstrate that in the case of the “Maxwellian” NED black holes the optical phenomena give relevant signatures of the NED effects detectable by GRAVITY or the Event Horizon Telescope, but they are not strong enough to be excluded by recent observations as in the case of regular Bardeen black holes.
A Hot Cusp-shaped Confined Solar Flare
Authors: Hernandez-Perez Aaron , Su Yang , Thalmann Julia , Veronig Astrid M. , Dickson Ewan C. , Dissauer Karin , Joshi Bhuwan , Chandra Ramesh
Published: December 2019

We analyze a confined flare that developed a hot cusp-like structure high in the corona (H ∼ 66 Mm). A growing cusp-shaped flare arcade is a typical feature in the standard model of eruptive flares, caused by magnetic reconnection at progressively larger coronal heights. In contrast, we observe a static hot cusp during a confined flare. Despite an initial vertical temperature distribution similar to that in eruptive flares, we observe a distinctly different evolution during the late (decay) phase, in the form of prolonged hot emission. The distinct cusp shape, rooted at locations of nonthermal precursor activity, was likely caused by a magnetic field arcade that kinked near the top. Our observations indicate that the prolonged heating was a result of slow local reconnection and an increased thermal pressure near the kinked apexes due to continuous plasma upflows.
Antiplatelet Effectivity between Aspirin with Honey on Cardiovascular Disease Based on Bleeding Time Taken on Mice
Authors: Sake  Juli  Martina  , Ramar Logaselvi A. P. , Silaban Michael R. I. , Luthfi Muhammad , Govindan Pradeepa A. P.
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its mortality continues to increase. Various studies have shown aspirin can reduce CVD mortality but has adverse side effects. Research on a comparison between aspirin and honey has not been done, but both have antiplatelet effects.
AIM: This study is aimed to prove the antiplatelet effects on honey and compare the antiplatelet effects of aspirin with honey based on the bleeding time in mice.
METHODS: This study is a true experimental design with a post-test only control group using 32 male mice, Double Ditsch Webster, ± 3 months old, the weight of 20-30 g, divided into 4 groups. Consisting of a negative control group (placebo), aspirin and honey. The suspension has given orally for 12 days using the probe. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Pharmacology Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine, the University of North Sumatra in September until December 2015. The data collected was bleeding time in mice. Data analysed by Shapiro Wilk test, Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney.
RESULTS: The mean bleeding time was a placebo (102.88 seconds), aspirin (369.38 seconds) and honey (304.63 seconds). Mann Whitney test showed significant results in the aspirin and honey groups against the control group (placebo) with p = 0.001. There were no significant differences in the aspirin group against honey (p = 0.172). Honey has an antiplatelet effect in mice. The mean bleeding time in mice given honey is longer or closer to the mean bleeding time in the aspirin group.
CONCLUSION: The results could be used as a basis for further research to determine its use in humans with cardiovascular disease.
The Burden of Malaria Incidence in Subaim, East Halmahera, North Maluku, Indonesia in 2016
Authors: Novyan Lusiyana  , Agustin Anggia Fitria , Sa’ad Asril Abdul
Published: December 2019

AIM: This study investigated the distribution, characteristics, clinical manifestation and severity of Malaria in East Halmahera, North Maluku.
METHODS: A retrospective and an observational method were used in this study. Data were obtained through analysing medical records of malaria patients from January to December 2016.
RESULTS: There were 89 malaria patients enrolled in the study. The cases infected by P. vivax only were 75 cases (84.3%), by P. falciparum only (7, 7.8%), and by both infections (7, 7.8%). The incidence of malaria was higher in July and August 2016 in Cemara Jaya district (18, 20.2%) and Baturaja district (17, 19.1%). While severe malaria was higher in children (4, 28.6%) and pregnant women 2 (100%) by P. vivax infection.
CONCLUSION: Plasmodium vivax infection was higher than P. falciparum. Severe P. vivax infection was higher than P. falciparum, and most of the cases were in children and pregnant women.
À la recherche des livres du Bec
Authors: Lecouteux Stéphane
Published: December 2019

Officier d’artillerie passionné de botanique, Claude Antoine Le Marchants de Cambronne a laissé dans ses papiers diverses notes manuscrites attestant de sa présence au Bec en 1800-1801. L’acquisition par cet érudit et bibliophile picard de manuscrits et de livres imprimés, pour la plupart en bon état, éclaire d’un jour nouveau les dernières heures de l’ancienne bibliothèque monastique. Si quelques imprimés avaient bien été envoyés à Bernay en octobre 1792, la plupart des livres, manuscrits comme imprimés, restèrent sur place au Bec dans l’ancienne abbaye transformée en dépôt de remontes pour l’armée. Ce constat va à l’encontre de la plupart des hypothèses avancées par les historiens depuis les travaux fondateurs du chanoine Porée parus en 1901.
Le Discours d’un grand capitaine de Dieppe. Traduction et édition d’un document normand de 1539
Authors: Lelièvre Guillaume
Published: December 2019

Le Discours d’un grand capitaine de Dieppe (1539) contient des descriptions de quatre territoires aussi différents que la côte de l’Amérique du Nord, celle du Brésil, celle de l’Afrique du cap Vert au Congo (la « Guinée »), et l’île de Sumatra. Il est révélateur des connaissances et de l’expérience acquises par les Normands dans le premier tiers du xvi e  siècle sur ces régions. Connu grâce à une version italienne publiée en 1556 par G.B. Ramusio dans ses Navigationi et viaggi , il a fait l’objet de plusieurs éditions-traductions en français et en anglais. Ce document riche mais énigmatique, mal connu, n’est plus utilisé par l’historiographie depuis longtemps. Une nouvelle traduction a permis de mener une nouvelle analyse critique de son contenu, permettant d’aboutir à des hypothèses sur la datation et le contexte de rédaction, ainsi que sur l’identification de l’auteur et du fameux « grand capitaine de Dieppe ». Cette contribution constitue l’étude historique liée à l’édition numérique du texte, avec une annotation scientifique.
How powerful is ISO 9000 when it comes to satisfying Lebanese packaging customers?
Authors: Sleilati Esther
Published: December 2019

L’élévation dans le nombre de firmes qui investissent pour obtenir la certification ISO 9000 contraste avec la carence en études examinant l’effet de cette certification sur la satisfaction des clients. De ce fait, cette investigation a pour but de démontrer si cette certification mène les entreprises à atteindre la fin qu’ils ciblent avec leurs clients, ainsi que l’opinion de ces clients industriels envers leurs fournisseurs qui sont certifiés ISO 9000.
Le tuekien des villes d’Artois et de Flandre à la fin du Moyen Âge (1360-1486)
Authors: Beghin Mathieu
Published: December 2019

Fréquemment mentionné dans les études urbaines concernant le Nord de la France depuis le xix e siècle, le personnage du tuekien n’en demeure pas moins un inconnu. En dehors du nom de cet agent communal et de quelques mentions ponctuelles du quota de ses victimes, on ne sait rien d’autre concernant ce personnage alors que nombre de questions peuvent être formulées à son sujet : qui était-il ? D’où venait-il ? Pourquoi était-il employé ? En quoi consistait son travail ? Comment était-il considéré par la société ? etc. Grâce à l’étude minutieuse des archives de plusieurs villes des comtés d’Artois et de Flandre – principalement celles d’Arras, de Douai, de Lille et de Saint-Omer – il est possible de mieux cerner ce personnage qui fut un acteur important de la sécurisation et de l’assainissement des sociétés urbaines des xiv e et xv e siècles.
La grâce du don. Amour et liberté dans les concessions de subsides par les assemblées représentatives
Authors: Hébert Michel
Published: December 2019

Le langage de l’amour et celui de la grâce sont au cœur du discours politique des assemblées représentatives de la fin du Moyen Âge. L’analyse des occurrences de ces termes, principalement dans les actes des états généraux de Provence, révèle à la fois l’importance de la liberté qui se rattache à l’octroi de subside « gracieux » et celle d’une caritas , ciment du lien social et d’un corps mystique unissant dans une relation fondamentalement inégalitaire le prince et ses sujets.
Pouvoir royal et absolutisme dans la première modernité espagnole : lecture critique de la théorie politique de Diego de Covarrubias
Authors: Demelemestre Gaëlle
Published: December 2019

Les scolastiques et juristes espagnols du siècle d’or incarnent une forte tradition de contestation de l’absolutisme et de l’autoritarisme. Un des axes de leurs travaux est centré sur la question de savoir comment institutionnaliser le pouvoir pour garantir l’intérêt commun. Cette recherche est au cœur de l’œuvre d’un des plus grands juristes et théoriciens de l’Espagne de Philippe II, Diego de Covarrubias y Leyva (1512-1577), qui a conjugué durant sa vie un travail scientifique de grande ampleur et une forte implication dans les affaires de la cité. Il a mis sa science au service du royaume en assumant des postes à responsabilité, tout en composant en parallèle des traités importants résolvant par le droit les principaux points de litige politiques de son temps. On lui doit en particulier une réflexion sur les dangers de l’absolutisme princier, qui débouche sur une théorisation du pouvoir d’État encadré par le droit. Covarrubias n’ayant pas écrit de traité politique à proprement parler, nous proposons de la dégager par une approche critique et une lecture croisée de ses œuvres, en portant une attention particulière à sa méthode démonstrative.
Les maillons forts des entreprises
Authors: Giguère Isabelle
Published: December 2019

Même si l’être humain travaille en équipe depuis le début de l’humanité, l’intérêt pour le sujet est loin de s’essouffler. Au contraire, la question traditionnelle « Pour qui travaillez-vous ? » est maintenant devenue celle-ci : «  Avec qui travaillez-vous 1  ? » Le travail en équipe occupe aujourd’hui une place centrale dans le fonctionnement des organisations. État de la situation avec une experte de HEC Montréal dans ce domaine.
Inspirer pour performer
Authors: Brunelle Éric , Lauzon-Marques Dominic
Published: December 2019

On emploie souvent des métaphores sportives pour décrire le monde de la gestion. Mais attention : elles cachent certains pièges quand vient le temps de transférer les apprentissages et les pratiques au monde du travail. Malgré tout, le sport met en lumière certains modèles de leadership innovants et susceptibles d’inspirer de nouvelles approches en matière de gestion d’équipe.
L’entreprise progressiste : une nouvelle façon de concevoir la gouvernance
Authors: Coupet André , Carpentier Philippe
Published: December 2019

Convaincus que la maximisation de la valeur au seul bénéfice des actionnaires a créé d’immenses déséquilibres économiques et sociaux tout en ne garantissant pas l’utilisation optimale des ressources disponibles sur la planète, de plus en plus de dirigeants se tournent vers de nouveaux modèles d’entreprise, donnant ainsi un nouveau souffle aux principes mêmes de la gouvernance. Bienvenue à l’ère de l’entreprise progressiste !
Les championnes du mieux-etre
Authors: Lemieux Sylvie
Published: December 2019

De grandes entreprises du Québec forment leurs cadres et leurs employés à la méditation et leur proposent des outils pour favoriser leur mieux-être au travail. Rencontre avec des gestionnaires qui ont bonne conscience.
Quand l’humour fait vendre !
Authors: Lussier Bruno , Gril Emmanuelle
Published: December 2019

Lorsqu’il est bien utilisé, l’humour facilite nos rapports avec les autres. Mais qu’en est-il dans un contexte de vente ? Peut-il favoriser les activités de marketing destinées à établir, à développer et à maintenir de bonnes relations d’affaires ? Peut-il améliorer les performances des vendeurs ? Petite incursion dans un univers peu exploré.
On a lu pour vous – Comment maîtriser son juge intérieur, de Susan Mackenty Brady
Authors: Jézéquel Myriam
Published: December 2019

Pour Susan Mackenty Brady, la « critique intérieure », cette petite voix qui nous dit qu’on est nul ou qu’il est inutile de tenter sa chance, est le pire ennemi des femmes dans l’avancement de leur carrière. Mais comment trouver le chemin de la confiance intérieure ?
L’eurasisme et le rapprochement entre la Turquie et la Russie
Authors: Balci Bayram
Published: December 2019

De nombreuses analyses expliquent le rapprochement entre la Turquie et la Russie par la bonne entente personnelle entre Vladimir Poutine et Recep Tayyip Erdogan, qui seraient tous deux de même tempérament et style politique. Toutefois, ce rapprochement turcorusse n’est pas sans fondements idéologiques anciens, datant des premières années de l’Union soviétique et de la République kémaliste, durant lesquelles les deux jeunes États entretenaient des relations difficiles avec l’Occident. Aussi, la récente réactivation de leur bonne entente doit être replacée dans un contexte nouveau, dans lequel les deux anciennes nations impériales se sentent à nouveau rejetées par un Occident lui-même en manque d’imagination pour gérer ses relations avec ses deux voisins orientaux. Cette entente est cependant fragile et son avenir dépend de l’évolution de la crise syrienne, qui a également joué un rôle crucial dans ce rapprochement entre Ankara et Moscou.
Impact des températures extrêmes sur la demande de soins primaires en France : l’étude CHAFO (2010-2018)
Authors: Goix Laurent , Petrovic Tomislav , Chanzy Erick , De Stefano Carla , Akodad Hayatte , Reuter Paul-Georges , Linval Frédéric , Adnet Frédéric , Lapostolle Frédéric
Published: December 2019

Introduction : L’impact sanitaire des vagues de froid et de chaleur est majeur. Néanmoins, l’impact respectif des températures extrêmes, hautes et basses, demeure controversé. Méthode : Le nombre quotidien de (1) dossiers de régulation médicale (DRM) gérés par le SAMU 93 – indicateur de la demande en soins primaires, (2) interventions des équipes SMUR – indicateur de sévérité des patients et (3) patients décédés ont été relevés. Les températures minimales et maximales quotidiennes ont été relevées de 2010 à 2018. L’analyse a porté sur les 10 journées plus chaudes et les plus froides de chaque année (2 × 70 journées), et sur les 30 journées les plus chaudes et les plus froides de la période (2 × 30 journées). Résultats : Sur 2 702 jours, 1 513 070 DRM, 89 478 interventions SMUR et 7 350 décès ont été analysés. Température médiane : 16,0[10,4-21,6]°C. Les journées les plus froides étaient associées à une augmentation significative des DRM (665[609-764] vs 538[474-619] ; p<0,001), des interventions SMUR (35[32-39] vs 33[28-38] ; p = 0,006) et des décès (3[2-5] vs 2[1-4] ; p = 0,0008) en considérant les 10 jours de températures extrêmes de chaque année ainsi qu’à une augmentation significative des DRM (615[580-698] vs 542[475-627] ; p<0,001) en considérant les 30 jours extrêmes de la période. Les journées les plus chaudes étaient associées à une diminution significative des DRM (484[443-549] vs 538[474-619] ; p  <0,001), des interventions SMUR (31[25-37] vs 33[28-38] ; p  = 0,006) et des décès (2[1-3] vs 2[1-4] ; p  = 0,0008) en considérant les 10 jours extrêmes de chaque année et à une diminution significative des DRM (536[479-576] vs 542[475-627] ; p  < 0,001) en considérant les 30 jours extrêmes de la période. Conclusion : La demande de soins primaires, le nombre de patients sévères et la mortalité augmentaient significativement avec les températures extrêmes basses.
Beneficial effect of Rhodopseudomonas palustris on in vitro rumen digestion and fermentation
Authors: Chen Y.Y. , Wang Y.L. , Wang W.K. , Zhang Z.W. , Si X.M. , Cao Z.J. , Li S.L. , Yang H.J.
Published: December 2019

As a member of photosynthetic bacteria, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, which has extraordinary metabolic versatility, has been applied as one of potential probiotics in feed industry. To explore whether R. palustris can increase rumen microbial viability and thus improve microbial fermentation, a 2×5 factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of R. palustris at dose rates of 0, 1.3, 2.6, 3.9, 5.2×106 cfu/ml on ruminal fermentation of two representative total mixed rations (HY, a ration for high-yield (>32 kg/d) lactating cows; LY, a ration for low-yield (<25 kg/d) lactating cows). After a 48 h in vitro rumen incubation, both rations resulted in different fermentation characteristics. The HY in comparison with LY group presented greater in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), cumulative gas production (GP48) and total volatile fatty acids (VFA, P<0.01). Increasing R. palustris addition linearly increased IVDMD (P<0.01) and GP48 (P<0.05), and the IVDMD increment in response to R. palustris addition was greater in LY than HY group (6.4% vs 1.4%). Meanwhile, increasing R. palustris addition also linearly enhanced microbial protein synthesis and increased total VFA production (P<0.01), especially in LY group (up to 21.5% and 24.5% respectively). Unchanged acetate and declined propionate in molar percentage were observed in response to the R. palustris addition. Furthermore, increasing R. palustris addition altered fermentation gas composition in which molar O2 proportion in headspace of fermentation system was linearly reduced by 46.1% in LY and 32.9% in HY group, respectively (P<0.01), and methane production in both ration groups was enhanced by 1.9-4.1% (P=0.02). In summary, the R. palustris addition exhibited high potential for promoting the growth of rumen microorganism and enhancing microbial fermentation towards non-glucogenic energy supply by maintaining an anaerobic environment to microbe equilibrium.
Treatment with Bifidobacterium longum 51A attenuates intestinal damage and inflammatory response in experimental colitis
Authors: Abrantes F.A. , Nascimento B.B. , Andrade M.E.R. , de Barros P.A.V. , Cartelle C.T. , Martins F.S. , Nicoli J.R. , Arantes R.M.E. , Generoso S.V. , Fernandes S.O.A. , Cardoso V.N.
Published: December 2019

This study evaluated the effects of Bifidobacterium longum 51A on the intestinal mucosa and inflammatory response in experimental colitis. Colitis was induced by administration of 3.5% dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) solution for 7 days. Two periods of administration were performed: treatment (T) group, mice received Bifidobacterium only during disease induction (7 days); total treatment (TT) group, mice received Bifidobacterium for 10 days before and during disease induction. The probiotic effects on intestinal permeability, inflammatory infiltrate, histological analysis, cytokines, chemokines and sIgA were evaluated. Bifidobacterium administration in the T group showed reduction in intestinal permeability and lower IL-1β, myeloperoxidase, and eosinophil peroxidase levels compared to those in the colitis group (P<0.05). Bifidobacterium administration in the TT group attenuated severe lesions in the colon and reduced eosinophil peroxidase level (P<0.05). B. longum 51A treatment modality was more effective than total treatment and reduced the inflammatory response and its consequences on intestinal epithelium.
Partial substitution of soy protein isolates with cricket flour during extrusion affects firmness andin vitro protein digestibility
Authors: Kiiru S.M. , Kinyuru J.N. , Kiage B.N. , Marel A.K.
Published: December 2019

The rapid increase in global population and the unsustainable conventional meat production have created demand for alternative animal-derived protein. Traditionally, soy has been utilised in structuring meat analogues. Currently, edible insects are researched as a potential alternative source of proteins and a valuable ingredient in development of meat analogues. High moisture extrusion was applied to a mixture of soy protein isolate (SPI) and full or low-fat cricket flour (CF) and the impact of cricket inclusion levels as well as extruder barrel temperature on the firmness andin vitro protein digestibility was evaluated. The SPI flour was substituted at 0 (control), 15, 30 and 45% and extruded on a laboratory co-rotating twin-screw extruder with a throughput of 1 kg/h at 150 rpm screw speed. Cooking temperature was varied at 120, 140 and 160 °C and water flowrate set to 10 ml/min. Texture as evaluated on all the treatments by texture profile analysis while thein vitro crude protein digestibility (CPD) was done on raw flours and extrudates with 15 and 45% CF inclusion and at 120 and 160 °C. The extrusion temperature had a negative correlation (r=-0.49) with the CPD but the CF inclusion had a correlation; r=0.71 (120 °C) and -0.28 (160 °C). The highest CPD (50%) was recorded from 45% full-fat CF extruded blend at 120 °C. Firmness was positively influenced (r=0.56) by temperature but negatively influenced (r≈-0.57) by CF inclusions at selected temperatures. Overall the low-fat CF blends had lower firmness values compared to their full-fat counterparts and control samples. The findings from this research demonstrated to be relevant for processing of high-protein and insect-based meat alternatives for food dependencies.
Rapid discrimination and classification of edible insect powders using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis
Authors: Mellado-Carretero J. , García-Gutiérrez N. , Ferrando M. , Güell C. , García-Gonzalo D. , De Lamo-Castellví S.
Published: December 2019

Insects are being proposed as an alternative way to ensure world’s food and feed security. Methods to determine edible insect powder’s origin and species will be needed for quality control purposes. Infrared spectroscopy has been extensively used in rapid chemical fingerprinting of food products. The present research explores a new approach to discriminate and classify commercial edible insect powders using attenuated total reflectance mid-infrared spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis. Infrared spectra of seven commercial edible insect powders from different species (Tenebrio molitor, Alphitobius diaperinus, Gryllodes sigillatus, Acheta domesticus andLocusta migratoria) and origins (the Netherlands and New Zealand) were collected to build up soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) models. SIMCA models clearly discriminated insects by their species and origin linking their differences to lipids and chitin. SIMCA models performance was tested using five spectra of each class not used to build up the training set. 100% correct predictions were obtained for all the samples analysed with the exception of one sample ofAlphitobius diaperinus. Infrared spectroscopy coupled to multivariate analysis provided a powerful method for the assurance of insect powder’s authenticity.
Prospective, Randomized Trial of Diclofenac and Ketorolac After Refractive Surgery
Authors: Narváez Julio , Krall Peter , Tooma Tom S
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of diclofenac and ketorolac in relieving corneal pain after refractive surgery, and determine if there is a difference in stinging on instillation.

METHODS: Thirty patients were randomized prospectively to postoperative diclofenac in one eye and ketorolac in the other. Patients and surgeon did not know which medications were used. Ocular postoperative pain and discomfort on instillation of medication were measured after radial keratotomy with a visual analog scale and a questionnaire.

RESULTS: Both medications were highly effective in relieving pain. There was no significant difference in pain relief, or stinging on instillation (P=.29).

CONCLUSION: There was no statistical difference in the effectiveness of the medications on pain relief, or in stinging on instillation. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:76-78]
Simulation of Eye-tracker Latency, Spot Size, and Ablation Pulse Depth on the Correction of Higher Order Wavefront Aberrations With Scanning Spot Laser Systems
Authors: Bueeler Michael , Mrochen Michael
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim of this theoretical work was to investigate the robustness of scanning spot laser treatments with different laser spot diameters and peak ablation depths in case of incomplete compensation of eye movements due to eye-tracker latency.

METHODS: Scanning spot corrections of 3rd to 5th Zernike order wavefront errors were numerically simulated. Measured eye-movement data were used to calculate the positioning error of each laser shot assuming eye-tracker latencies of 0, 5, 30, and 100 ms, and for the case of no eye tracking. The single spot ablation depth ranged from 0.25 to 1.0 pm and the spot diameter from 250 to 1000 pm. The quality of the ablation was rated by the postoperative surface variance and the Strehl intensity ratio, which was calculated after a low-pass filter was applied to simulate epithelial surface smoothing.

RESULTS: Treatments performed with nearly ideal eye tracking (latency - 0) provide the best results with a small laser spot (0.25 mm) and a small ablation depth (250 pm). However, combinations of a large spot diameter (1000 pm) and a small ablation depth per pulse (0.25 pm) yield the better results for latencies above a certain threshold to be determined specifically. Treatments performed with tracker latencies in the order of 100 ms yield similar results as treatments done completely without eye-movement compensation.

CONCLUSIONS: Reduction of spot diameter was shown to make the correction more susceptible to eye movement induced error. A smaller spot size is only beneficial when eye movement is neutralized with a tracking system with a latency <5 ms. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:28-36.]
ECG-based Detection and Prediction Models of Sudden Cardiac Death: Current Performances and New Perspectives on Signal Processing Techniques
Authors: Suboh Mohd Zubir , Jaafar Rosmina , Nayan Nazrul Anuar , Harun Noor Hasmiza
Published: December 2019

Heart disease remains the main leading cause of death globally and around 50% of the patients died due to sudden cardiac death (SCD). Early detection and prediction of SCD have become an important topic of research and it is crucial for cardiac patient’s survival. Electrocardiography (ECG) has always been the first screening method for patient with cardiac complaints and it is proven as an important predictor of SCD. ECG parameters such as RR interval, QT duration, QRS complex curve, J-point elevation and T-wave alternan are found effective in differentiating normal and SCD subjects. The objectives of this paper are to give an overview of SCD and to analyze multiple important ECG-based SCD detection and prediction models in terms of processing techniques and performance wise. Detail discussions are made in four major stages of the models developed including ECG data, signal pre-processing and processing techniques as well as classification methods. Heart rate variability (HRV) is found as an important SCD predictor as it is widely used in detecting or predicting SCD. Studies showed the possibility of SCD to be detected as early as one hour prior to the event using linear and non-linear features of HRV. Currently, up to 3 hours of analysis has been carried out. However, the best prediction models are only able to detect SCD at 6 minutes before the event with acceptable accuracy of 92.77%. A few arguments and recommendation in terms of data preparation, processing and classification techniques, as well as utilizing photoplethysmography with ECG are pointed out in this paper so that future analysis can be done with better accuracy of SCD detection accuracy.
Raised Prosthetic Valve Gradients: What Should be the Approach?
Authors: Chatterjee Debika
Published: December 2019

The introduction of valve replacement surgery has dramatically improved the outcome of patients with valvular heart disease. Echocardiography plays an important role to determine the outcome of the surgery and follow up of these patients with prosthetic heart valve. Flow across the prosthesis is determined by using Doppler echocardiography. Whenever there is a high gradient across a prosthetic valve, echocardiography becomes challenging, as there are many causes, which may give rise to high prosthetic valve gradient. Some of these causes are prosthesis-related which need urgent intervention and some are non-prosthesis-related. A careful systematic echocardiographic approach, using 2D, 3D, Doppler and transesophageal echocardiography is crucial to find out the exact cause of high gradient.
Echocardiographic Study of Left Ventricular False Tendons
Authors: Ahmad Z. Sajan , Koshy Cherian , Koshy George A.
Published: December 2019

Introduction:

Left ventricular false tendons (LVFTs) are discrete, fibromuscular structures of varying length and thickness that traverse the left ventricular (LV) cavity. The aim of the present study was to describe the echocardiographic characteristics and associations of 100 consecutive cases of LVFTs that presented to the echocardiography laboratory at a tertiary care teaching hospital in India.

Subjects and Methods:

One hundred consecutive patients with LVFTs were studied. They were classified based on the number (single and multiple), morphology (simple and complex), and location (apical, mid, and basal). The individuals were divided into three groups (Group 1: with LV dilatation and/or LV hypertrophy [LVH], Group 2: abnormal echocardiogram other than Group 1, and Group 3: normal echocardiogram). Analysis was done using SPSS 15 software.

Results:

A total of 121 LVFTs were identified in the 100 individuals. The LVFTs were more commonly single (81%), simple (92.56%), and apically located (52.90%). Complex LVFTs and apical location were more common among males, while multiple LVFTs and mid location were more common among females. LVFTs were most commonly visualized in the apical four-chamber view. There was a preponderance of males (67%), patients with structural heart disease (79%), and patients with LVH and/or dilatation (44%) in the study group.

Conclusions:

LVFTs are readily identifiable on echocardiography and can be characterized based on their number, location, and morphology. Their relationship to structurally abnormal hearts, male gender, LVH, and dilatation requires further study.
On the notion of parallel transport on RCD spaces
Authors: Gigli Nicola , Pasqualetto Enrico
Published: December 2019

We propose a general notion of parallel transport on RCD spaces, prove an unconditioned uniqueness result and existence under suitable assumptions on the space.
On the failure of the Hörmander multiplier theorem in a limiting case
Authors: Slavíková Lenka
Published: December 2019

We discuss the Hörmander multiplier theorem for

L^p

boundedness of Fourier multipliers in which the multiplier belongs to a fractional Sobolev space with smoothness

s

. We show that this theorem does not hold in the limiting case

|1/p-1/2|=s/n

.
Effect of modes of transportation on commuters' exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in Chennai, India
Authors: Raj M. Gokul , Karthikeyan S.
Published: December 2019

Daily commuting increases level of contaminants inhaled by urban community and it is influenced by mode and time of commuting. In this study, the commuters’ exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was assessed during three modes of travel in six different road stretches of Chennai. The mean distance of road stretches was 25 km and the exposure to pollutants was assessed during peak hours and off-peak hours. The average travel duration was in the range of 39 to 91 min in motorbike, 83 to 140 min in car and 110 to 161 min in bus. Though there was variation on exposure to concentration in modes of transportation, the maximum exposure concentration of PM2.5 was observed as 709 μg/m3 in bus and the minimum exposure concentration was 29 μg/m3 in closed car. Similarly, the maximum exposure concentration of NO2 was observed to be 312 μg/m3 in bus and the minimum exposure concentration was 21 μg/m3 in car. The concentration of elements in PM2.5 was in the order of Si > Na > Ca > Al ≥ K > S ≥ Cd, with Si and Cd concentration as 60% and < 1% of the PM2.5 concentration.
Trabalhadores e Segunda Guerra Mundial: debates introdutórios para um dossiê
Authors: Fortes Alexandre , Ribeiro Felipe
Published: December 2019

Apresentação
Technological and nutritional properties of meat from female wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa L.) of different carcass weights
Authors: Kasprzyk Anna , Stadnik Joanna , Stasiak Dariusz
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The aim of this work was to assess the technological and
nutritional quality of meat from female wild boars. The muscle samples – Musculus longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) and Musculus semimembranosus (SM) – were taken from a total of 40 female wild
boar after a hunt. Carcasses were allocated to five groups according to weight (group I – 30±5 kg; group II – 45±4.9 kg; group III – 60±4.7 kg; group IV – 75±5.2 kg; group V – 90±5 kg). Studies that have been carried out have shown that technological and nutritional
properties of meat from wild boars depend on the mass of carcasses and the type of muscle. The pH of analyzed wild boar meat proved that there was normal glycolysis and
glycogenolysis progress in all groups. The water holding capacity (WHC) of SM
muscles from the lowest-weight carcasses was significantly (P≤0.01)
lower as compared to the heavier carcasses. There were significant
differences (P≤0.01) in the shear force of the LTL muscle between
groups I, IV and V. The muscles cut from carcasses of a higher mass represent
higher values of this parameter. The higher-mass carcasses were
characterized by a darker color, which resulted from the higher
concentration of myoglobin. The protein concentration increased with carcass
weight. A similar effect of carcass weight on the content of intramuscular fat
(IMF) was found. Due to the low calorie content, the meat of young wild boar may
be an interesting and attractive component of the diet.
Inferring the anthropogenic NOx emission trend over the United States during 2003–2017 from satellite observations: was there a flattening of the emission trend after the Great Recession?
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Wang Yuhang
Published: December 2019

Abstract. We illustrate the nonlinear relationships among anthropogenic NOx
emissions, NO2 tropospheric vertical column densities (TVCDs), and
NO2 surface concentrations using model simulations for July 2011 over
the contiguous United States (CONUS). The variations in NO2 surface
concentrations and TVCDs are generally consistent and reflect anthropogenic NOx emission variations for high anthropogenic NOx
emission regions well. For low anthropogenic NOx emission regions, however,
nonlinearity in the anthropogenic-emission–TVCD relationship due to
emissions from lightning and soils, chemistry, and physical processes makes
it difficult to use satellite observations to infer anthropogenic NOx
emission changes. The analysis is extended to 2003–2017. Similar
variations in NO2 surface measurements and coincident satellite
NO2 TVCDs over urban regions are in sharp contrast to the large
variation differences between surface and satellite observations over rural
regions. We find a continuous decrease in anthropogenic NOx emissions
after 2011 by examining surface and satellite measurements in CONUS urban
regions, but the decreasing rate is lower by 9 %–46 % than the
pre-2011 period.
The sensitivity of Southern Ocean aerosols and cloud microphysics to sea spray and sulfate aerosol production in the HadGEM3-GA7.1 chemistry–climate model
Authors: Revell Laura E. , Kremser Stefanie , Hartery Sean , Harvey Mike , Mulcahy Jane P. , Williams Jonny , Morgenstern Olaf , McDonald Adrian J. , Varma Vidya , Bird Leroy , Schuddeboom Alex
Published: December 2019

Abstract. With low concentrations of tropospheric aerosol, the Southern Ocean offers a “natural laboratory” for studies of aerosol–cloud interactions. Aerosols over the Southern Ocean are produced from biogenic activity in the ocean, which generates sulfate aerosol via dimethylsulfide (DMS) oxidation, and from strong winds and waves that lead to bubble bursting and sea spray emission. Here, we evaluate the representation of Southern Ocean aerosols in the Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model version 3, Global Atmosphere 7.1 (HadGEM3-GA7.1) chemistry–climate model. Compared with aerosol optical depth (AOD) observations from two satellite instruments (the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, MODIS-Aqua c6.1, and the Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer, MISR), the model simulates too-high AOD during winter and too-low AOD during summer. By switching off DMS emission in the model, we show that sea spray aerosol is the dominant contributor to AOD during winter. In turn, the simulated sea spray aerosol flux depends on near-surface wind speed. By examining MODIS AOD as a function of wind speed from the ERA-Interim reanalysis and comparing it with the model, we show that the sea spray aerosol source function in HadGEM3-GA7.1 overestimates the wind speed dependency. We test a recently developed sea spray aerosol source function derived from measurements made on a Southern Ocean research voyage in 2018. In this source function, the wind speed dependency of the sea spray aerosol flux is less than in the formulation currently implemented in HadGEM3-GA7.1. The new source function leads to good agreement between simulated and observed wintertime AODs over the Southern Ocean; however, it reveals partially compensating errors in DMS-derived AOD. While previous work has tested assumptions regarding the seawater climatology or sea–air flux of DMS, we test the sensitivity of simulated AOD, cloud condensation nuclei and cloud droplet number concentration to three atmospheric sulfate chemistry schemes. The first scheme adds DMS oxidation by halogens and the other two test a recently developed sulfate chemistry scheme for the marine troposphere; one tests gas-phase chemistry only, while the second adds extra aqueous-phase sulfate reactions. We show how simulated sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid profiles over the Southern Ocean change as a result and how the number concentration and particle size of the soluble Aitken, accumulation and coarse aerosol modes are affected. The new DMS chemistry scheme leads to a 20 % increase in the number concentration of cloud condensation nuclei and cloud droplets, which improves agreement with observations. Our results highlight the importance of atmospheric chemistry for simulating aerosols and clouds accurately over the Southern Ocean.