bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifikasi Dampak Perubahan Iklim dan Pemodelan Sea Water Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) Sebagai Upaya Adaptasi di Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe Provinsi Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Muh. Alifian Al Anshari. A  , Hendra Riogilang  , Herawaty Riogilang  , Oktovian Berty A. Sompie
Published: April 2023

Perubahan iklim saat ini memberikan dampak global, upaya adaptasi dilakukan dalam meminimalisasi dampak yang ditimbulkan. Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe adalah salah satu daerah di Sulawesi Utara yang dalam proyeksi BMKG mengalami penurunan curah hujan dengan kategori penurunan tinggi, yang akan mempengaruhi ketersediaan air bersih bagi masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model adaptasi perubahan iklim dalam menghadapi potensi krisis air bersih di Kepulauan Sangihe pada masa mendatang. Metode yang digunakan adalah telaah literatur, identifikasi kondisi daerah dan pemodelan desalinasi air laut metode sea water reverse osmosis (SWRO) menggunakan software Toray Design System (DS) 2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe berisiko pengurunan ketersediaan air bersih ditinjau secara kondisi litologi, proyeksi iklim, dan kinerja jasa lingkungan penyedia air. Pemodelan SWRO yang menggunakan konfigurasi single pass two stage dimodelkan mampu memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih penduduk pada proyeksi tahun 2050 dengan debit air laut yang masuk 1,34 m3/detik dan air bersih dihasilkan 0,67 m3/detik.
SITUAÇÕES DE VIOLÊNCIAS NO ÂMBITO ESCOLAR BRASILEIRO: OFICINAS FORMATIVAS NA MENTORIA DE DIRETORES ESCOLARES
Authors: Luiz Maria Cecília , Morito Jéssica Veloso , Marchetti Rafaela
Published: April 2023

Este artigo apresenta referenciais teóricos sobre violências intra e extraescolares abordadas em oficina formativa no decorrer da Formação de Mentoria de Diretores Escolares. Uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória, com procedimentos metodológicos em revisão bibliográfica e instrumentos de análises durante o período de formação. Teve-se como intenção o reconhecimento de tipos de violências, além de percepção da função da escola e seus educadoresneste contexto. Concluiu-se que ao socializar as relações em seu cotidiano, os diretores escolares visualizaram suas ações centralizadoras, deforma autoritária e que estas culminavam, muitas vezes,emconflitose autoritarismo na escola, intensificandoas violênciase tensões. Percebeu-se um potencial de transformações dos diretores durante a Formação de Mentoria de Diretores, principalmente, ao encarar os conflitos sociais e escolares como potencialidades positivas para articulação de espaços de escuta e de acolhimento.
Caso 12
Authors: Brito Deivis
Published: April 2023

Paciente, 40 anos, refere ter iniciado prática de ciclismo há cerca de 2 meses, com queixa de estalido no quadril direito à extensão do quadril durante as pedaladas.
Ap: Sem antecedentes patológicos.
Caso 19
Authors: Costa Mauro José Brandão da , Passetto Euclides Berti
Published: April 2023

Masculino, 22 anos com aparecimento de massa súbita e muito dolorosa na região dorsal direita, sem relato de trauma.
NO CHÃO DA ESCOLA: INVESTIGAÇÕES E EXPERIÊNCIAS COM A EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Retz Renato Pereira Coimbra , Tavares Vanessa Giuliani Barbosa , Silva Lilian Caroline da , Fernandes Geuciane Felipe Guerim , Couto Leda Regina de Jesus , Santos Filho Agnaldo Pedro , Lemes Rosilene de Souza , Saraiva Elihebert , Prais Jacqueline Lidiane de Souza , Barbuio Rodrigo , Silva Valdeci Eugênia da , Caldas Grasiela do Bonfim Santos , Bispo Marcos , Santos Nilma Lemos Barreto , Silva Maria Vanessa Rodrigues , Frota Rachel Lima , Rodrigues Maria Vânia de Sousa , Ribeiro Francisca Rozilângela Barbosa , Torezani Ana Lívia Santos , Oliveira Eduardo Chagas , Vanny Alberto Soares , Santos Júnior Wilson Camerino dos
Published: April 2023

Os textos contidos neste livro apresentam investigações e experiências com a Educação Básica, especificamente aquela produzida no “chão da escola”, por professoras e professores que vivenciam nos seus cotidianos os mais diversos desafios, mas que também criam, recriam e apresentam novas possibilidades de intervenção pedagógica nas mais variadas áreas de conhecimento.
Improving prospective mathematics teachers’ reversible thinking ability through a metacognitive-approach teaching
Authors: Prabawanto Sufyani
Published: April 2023

Reversible thinking ability is an individual ability to do a cognitive process by reverse action, contributing to one of the student’s competencies in solving mathematical problems. Many students encounter difficulties in solving problems that require reversible thinking due to the limitedness of teachers’ proficiency in mastering this ability. Different studies have suggested various teaching approaches to improve this ability in teacher education; however, teaching with a metacognitive approach has not yet been addressed in the recent study. Therefore, this study aims to improve prospective teachers’ reversible thinking ability through metacognitive-approach teaching. A quasi-experimental method with a pre-test, intervention, and post-test design was used in this study. The participants were 118 prospective mathematics teachers at two universities in Bandung, Indonesia, divided into two groups: 58 were in the experimental group, and the rest were in the control group. The participant’s initial mathematical ability (IMA) in both groups was categorized into high, moderate, and low. Using t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and Kruskal-Wallis test, the result shows a meaningful difference in the improvement of reversible thinking ability between prospective teachers who received the metacognitive-approach teaching and those who did not. However, there is no significant interaction effect between the teaching approach and initial math ability on the improvement of reversible thinking ability. To conclude, the recent study’s findings revealed that the metacognitive approach effectively improves prospective teachers’ reversible thinking in all IMA levels. Thus, it needs to be considered one of the alternative teaching approaches in higher education, especially in teacher education.
Analysis of the species composition of the intestinal micro biota in stroke patients: Discovering a new risk factors and screening approaches
Authors: Christiyan Kirilov Naydenov  , Ivan Stanchev Mindov
Published: April 2023

The human gut contains microbiota, which refers to the collection of microorganisms that inhabit the body. These gut microorganisms can affect the nervous system through the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain, known as the gut-brain axis. The microbiota can produce various neurotransmitters and signaling molecules that influence the nervous system and the immune system. Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, have been associated with neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and autism spectrum disorders. Maintaining a good and diverse gut microbiota is important for overall health and wellbeing. The composition of the gut microbiota in stroke patients can differ from that of healthy individuals. The emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may play a role in the pathogenesis of stroke and could potentially be a target for therapeutic and preventing interventions. Research is ongoing to fully understand the changes in gut microbiota composition following stroke. Stroke patients have lower levels of beneficial bacterial species, such as Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp., and higher levels of opportunistic bacteria, such as Enterobacteriaceae and Streptococcus spp. The composition of the gut microbiota can differ depending on the type and severity of stroke.
Federated learning and differential privacy in clinical health: Extensive survey
Authors: David Odera
Published: April 2023

Federated Learning (FL) is concept that has been adopted in medical field to analyze data in individual devices through aggregation of machine learning model in global server. It also provides data privacy being that the sampled devices are not allowed to share data among themselves. Therefore, it minimizes computation costs and privacy risks to some extent compared to conventional methods of machine learning. However, federation learning provides a different use case in health as compared to other sectors. Preservation of patients’ sensitive information such as electronic health record (EHR) when sharing data among different medical practitioners is of greatest concern. So the question is, how should FL techniques be structured in the current clinical environment where heterogeneity is the order of the day? The EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPPA) regulations recommends health providers to gain authorizations from patients before sharing their private data for medical analytical progression. This leads to some bottlenecks in clinical analysis. Although attempts have been made to address some of the challenges, privacy, performance, implementation, computation and adversaries still pose some threats. This paper provides a comprehensive review that covers literature, mathematical notations, architecture, process flow, challenges and frameworks used to implement FL with respect to healthcare. Possible solutions on how to address privacy challenges in accordance with HIPPA act and GDPR is discussed. Finally, the study gives future direction of FL in clinical health and a list of practical tools to conduct analysis on patients’ data.
Transcultural approach to psychiatric and somatic comorbidities in the context of humanitarian medicine in Africa
Authors: Issack Biyong  , Raymond Tempier  , Pierre-Célestin Mboua  , Hugues Loemba  , Alain Mouanga
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Mental health is an essential component of human well-being. Nowadays there is a tendency to contrast the biological disorder with the mental disorder; which is hardly the case because the first would affect the body, the soma while the second would affect the psyche. Mental disorders described in different psychiatric taxonomies appear to be of multiple etiologies. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and their co-morbidities during general medical consultations at the Mokassa Developmental Health Center. Method: A quantitative and diagnostic study, which took place in the context of a humanitarian mission to Mokassa in Congo-Brazzaville in May 2012. The target population consisted of children, adolescents, adults, and people from the third age. Sampling was carried out by taxonomic triage in two phases, one in Brazzaville for the management of cases and the second phase which concerned the search and evaluation of referred patients. The data was analyzed using content analysis during the interviews. The diagnostic process was carried out using the semi-structured interviews method according to DSM-5 and data collection (interview, diagnosis, anamnesis). The recruitment of participants took place according to the rules of the charter. Helsinki. Results: 50 patients were included during the study period, ie 27 (54%) men and 23 (46%) women, the most representative age group was that of] 35.45] years (34%); the reasons for frequent consultations were behavioral problems (20%) and headaches (24%). 30% of the patients suffered from depression, 4% suffered from psychosis and 2% from bipolar and schizophrenic disorder. The most represented comorbidity was the Nile with 44%. Conclusion: Psychiatry has its place in humanitarian medicine and the mental health of the population of this island of Mossaka in the republic of Congo must be included in the strategic plan for the overall health of the Congolese authorities.
Tourism and Creative Economy Entrepreneurs’ Resilience in The Covid-19 Pandemic in West Java
Authors: Putra Rifki Rahmanda , Sujawoto Fitra Ananta
Published: April 2023

This study aims to determine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the economic conditions of tourism and creative economy entrepreneurs and to identify their efforts to survive the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in West Java. The quantitative approach with a survey method was used by presenting data through a survey of 200 tourism and creative economy entrepreneurs in West Java and simultaneously conducting open interviews to dig deeper information from the structured questions on the survey instrument. The data analysis technique used is quantitative descriptive analysis. The results show that the pandemic has impacted tourism and creative economy entrepreneurs economically, from a decrease in income to a loss of income. Efforts to survive include innovating in their businesses, using their savings, and looking for new jobs outside the tourism and creative economy sectors. In addition, collaboration and assistance are needed in business safety nets, knowledge-sharing forums in online training, and developing operating standards for tourism businesses and the creative economy that adapts to pandemic conditions.

Keywords: Creative Economy Entrepreneurs, Covid-19 Pandemic, Tourism Resilience, West Java Tourism
Local’s Participation in Evolving Gastronomy Tourism in Ubud and Beyond
Authors: Tirtawati NI Made , Wulandari Pande Putu
Published: April 2023

The Ministry of Tourism has chosen Ubud to represent the UNWTO gastronomy destination prototype. The locals' involvement in creating an inclusive gastronomy destination deserves consideration because they have a significant stake and direct role in integrating its culinary characteristics to create a distinctive gastronomy destination. By evaluating the local's readiness and identifying the potential of its gastronomic features, this study seeks to investigate the locals' participation in developing gastronomic tourism in Ubud and beyond. Through interviews with key informants, such as local leaders, governments, organizations, and associated practitioners, and observations, this research determines the level of locals' participation by evaluating their readiness. In addition, interviews with local's representatives at 13 tourism villages in Ubud and beyond, who are members of BUMDes Bersama Gianyar Aman, were also conducted. Data analysis was performed through the Community Readiness Model approach and analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. The results showed that the local readiness level is at the fourth stage. Even though it is still in the pre-planning stages, the locals are prepared to develop gastronomy tourism. The leadership dimension is primarily influencing the level of local's readiness. Meanwhile, the dimension of community efforts needs to be improved in responding to local's readiness by increasing involvement in various efforts.

 Keywords:    Gastronomy Destination, Local’s Participation, Community Readiness Model, Tourism Village; Ubud.
SPARSE IMAGE INTERPOLATION METHODS WORKING IN THE FREQUENCY DOMAIN
Authors:   Kotelnikov IRE RAS, Fryazino branch  141120, Russia, Fryazino, Vvedenskogo sq., 1, Kokoshkin A.V.
Published: April 2023

The work compares the work of sparse image interpolation methods such as: - interpolation method of sequential computation of the Fourier spectrum (IMSCS), the method of projections onto convex sets (projections onto convex sets, POCS), and the method of amplitude iterations (MAI). All calculations necessary for the reconstruction of sparse images are performed only on spatial spectra. As an example, an aerospace digital image is used, which is typical for the tasks of remote sensing of the earth's surface. A high degree of sparseness is modeled (90 percent of the information is missing). The effectiveness of the studied methods was carried out according to several objective criteria.
Екологічні загрози і національна безпека України
Authors: Romanchuk Viktoriya , Romanchuk Oleh
Published: April 2023

Today, we are more likely to speak and write about the more progressive destruction of land biosphere as a result of irrational economic activities of mankind – the replacement of traditional natural ecosystems by anthropogenic systems (techno-, urban- and agro-systems), discuss the harmonization of the interaction of society and nature, talk about growing socio-political tension and instability on the planet. However, it is not just about understanding the effects of environmental civilization, but also awareness of the psychological and socioeconomic consequences of the brutal destruction of the biosphere, finding ways and means of solving the tasks associated with the ecological crisis, which has already entered the geopolitical level – during the last years there is carried out an intensive research on the effects of the crisis in the biosphere on the system of national interests and state security. The war waged by the Russian Federation against Ukraine is causing serious environmental damage to the Ukrainian state. Combat operations spoil the air, pollute water bodies, destroy forests and unique ecosystems, destroy crops and, in the long run, can cause colossal damage to the ecosystem of the whole Eastern Europe, and shorten the lives of Ukrainians. Key words: biosphere, ecosystem, evolution, ecology, civilization, the Russian-Ukrainian war, safety, problem, ecology.
Осучаснення журналістської освіти в Україні та її адаптація до потреб редакційних колективів
Authors: Paslavskyi Ihor
Published: April 2023

The article examines the current state of journalism education. The creative training of editorial teams is an essential asset of the university format. It is underlined that the country’s leading universities with highly intellectual professorial and teaching personnel potential and a modern laboratory base prepare journalist personnel. It was indicated that the transformation of modern journalism education lost dynamism due to outline reasons. It is only partially designed for the growing needs of editorial teams, and there is an urgent need for systemic reform of the entire higher education and journalism higher education as a separate segment. It has been proven that the Ukrainian information business in printed, broadcast and network formats is not a type of classical type of business, as it does not develop according to market, competitive principles that provide for profitability and economic independence, but is actually unprofitable, low-profit and subsidized. Keywords: journalism education, Specialization for Journalists. mass media, editorial teams, information space, higher professional education.
Комунікативні дієслова в текстах новинних повідомлень (за матеріалами інформаційного агентства «Укрінформ»)
Authors: Lebedenko Nataliia
Published: April 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of communicative verbs. Scientists analyzed communicative verbs in artistic texts, in biblical texts, and fairy tales. But there are no scientific works on verbs of speech in the language of the media. The Ukrainian language has all the means by which you can create a concrete and imaginative informational text. It is the verbs that make the text come alive. These are action words that improve the orality of the text. The research is based on the materials of the Ukrinform information agency. Speech verbs from 10 news reports for December 3, 2022 were analyzed. A total of 30 lexemes were recorded. They occur in the texts 73 times. And make up 31.2% of all verbs and 3.6% of all words. All verbs are divided into 22 groups according to semantics. The most common is the group with the meaning “to inform,”. Etymologically, 7 lexemes have borrowed roots, the rest are Proto-Slavic in origin. With the help of communicative verbs, journalists convey various shades of meaning and quality of someone else’s speech in the texts of news reports. The lexemes of oral speech penetrate into the written network text as well, creating new forms and platforms of communication. Prospects for further research are that there is a need to study communicative verbs in the language of traditional and new media, to make a comparative analysis of their use in different types of media, to trace the etymological connections between lexemes for more thorough conclusions. Key words: speech verbs, communicative verbs, news reports.
ORGANIZATION OF THE MANAGEMENT OF THE ORTHODOX MONASTERIES OF THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH IN THE 18TH - AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY
Authors:   Уманський державний педагогічний університет імені Павла Тичини, Чучалін Олександр
Published: April 2023

The article analyzes the organization of administrative management of Orthodox monasteries of the Russian Orthodox Church during the synodal period. The information was systematized and the components of the multi-stage management system of the Orthodox monasteries of the Russian Orthodox Church in the 18th - early 20th centuries were established. In the 18th century the main legislative body of power in relation to the church became the Holy Synod, headed by a secular person - the arch-procurator. It was found out that Orthodox monasteries were an integral part of the system of institutions of the Russian Orthodox Church. The interaction of monasteries with state institutions on issues of state support is shown. The description of the methods of control of the diocesan authority over the monastery is given. It has been found that the management system of the Russian Orthodox Church in the synodal period was built on the principles of a combination of secular and ecclesiastical power. The spiritual consistory under the leadership of the ruling bishop became the central dominant in the regulation and settlement of the main range of problems arising in monastic life. All Orthodox monasteries of this period were not of the same type. They differed by many classification features - gender, states, status, classes, location. Monasteries in the dioceses were divided into three classes with the establishment of the norm of states of monks and nuns, who were in different status. The internal routine of monastic life was strictly regulated. It included the implementation of the monastery's charter and orders of the abbot.
THE IDEOLOGICAL COMPONENT OF THE CAMPAIGN FOR ILLITERACY ELIMINATING AND UKRAINIZATION IN SUMY REGION IN THE 1920s-1930s
Authors:   Глухівський національний педагогічний університет імені Олександра Довженка, Курок Олександр , Прокопчук Віктор ,   Глухівський національний педагогічний університет імені Олександра Довженка, Чумаченко Олена ,   Глухівський національний педагогічний університет імені Олександра Довженка
Published: April 2023

The article examines the ideological component of the campaign to eliminate illiteracy and the process of Ukrainization in Sumy region in the 1920s and 1930s. The reasons for the beginning of the process of eliminating illiteracy in the USSR in general and in Ukraine in particular were analyzed. It was noted that the campaign of eliminating illiteracy in the 1920s was an integral part of adult education in the USSR. The need of the eliminating illiteracy was determined by the economic reasons, as well as the industrialization of the country required a large number of literate workers who were recruited from the multi-million illiterate peasantry. In addition, the creation of a large and combat-ready army required the literacy of the entire population of military age. The illiteracy elimination was conditioned by the the Bilshovyks’ pedagogical doctrine, which was determined by the political goal of creating a new type of society based on the educated worker-peasant population with the permanent socialist consciousness. The article also analyzed the process of Ukrainization which took place simultaneously with the illiteracy eliminating campaign. Attention was focused on the fact that the process of Ukrainization of education and the illiteracy elimination campaign were the means of spreading the communist ideology among the USSR population at that time. The connection between the ideological and educational tasks in the Soviet illiteracy elimination campaign and the Ukrainization process cannot be denied. From the first days of the Bilshovyk revolution, the fight against illiteracy was considered by its ideologues as the most important political task in order to reach social transformations successfully. The article examined one of the key directions in the fight against illiteracy as comprehensive campaign and educational work among the population. For that special committees for the dissemination of education were created, campaigns were carried out to create more accessible education for the poor, and measures were taken to improve the cultural level of employees. The article, based on the documents of the State Archive of Sumy Region, provides specific examples of the ideological influence on the processes of Ukrainization and adult education that took place in Sumy Region in the 1920s and 1930s.
THE CONCEPT OF "TERROR BY FAMINE" BY ROBERT CONQUEST IN THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE HOLODOMOR
Authors:   Вінницький державний педагогічний університет імені Михайла Коцюбинського, Борзов Сергій
Published: April 2023

The purpose of the study is to identify the historical origin of the term "terror by famine", its synonymous evolution, conceptual and categorical design and use by R. Conquest in covering the causal circumstances of the Holodomor, as well as the scientific authorship of the term. The methodology consists of basic principles of research (historicism, objectivity), specific scientific and historical methods (problem-chronological, critical analysis of sources, comparative, retrospective). A systematic approach is a combination of the principle of historicism and a comprehensive analysis of historiographical sources to determine the role and place of the concept of "terror by famine" in the study of the causes, circumstances and consequences of the Holodomor. Scientific novelty is determined by the author's formulation of the problem, i.e. for the first time the concept and phenomenon of "terror by famine", which the American scientist used in his works, became the subject of in-depth historiographical study. Conclusions. It has been scientifically proven that the linguistic and historical semantic combination of the terms "terror" and "famine" originated in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Their first interpreters distinguished Stalin's political repression (classical terror) from famine terror as a method of governing society. This interpretation is recorded in the works of M. Mishchenko and D. Solovei. The circumstances of the spread of other terminology, which covered the causes and consequences of the Holodomor ("artificial", "organized", "Great Famine", "hunger strike"), were also established. The political and emotional components of these terms contributed to their faster assimilation in historiography and memorial practices in the West, especially among the Ukrainian diaspora. A study of the works of R. Conquest showed not an abstract combination of the words "terror" and "hunger", but dialectical. He abandoned the terms of interpretation of the Holodomor common in historiography and political science, even the very term of the "Holodomor", and chose his own. His choice was not a coincidence, but a logical continuation of a systematic study of Soviet state terror in the 1930's. The political scientist Conquest followed the principles of the theory of totalitarianism, so he wrote the famous book "The Great Terror", the historian Conquest substantiated and implemented the concept of "terror by famine" in the monograph "Harvest of Sorrow". We have a complete combination of theory and history.
LIBRARIES OF KHMELNYCHCHINA IN RECONSTRUCTION IN THE 1980s
Authors:   Глухівський національний педагогічний університет імені Олександра Довженка, Прокопчук Віктор , Гриценко Андрій ,   Глухівський національний педагогічний університет імені Олександра Довженка
Published: April 2023

In the presented article, the development of library affairs in the Khmelnytskyi region in the 1980s was analyzed on the basis of specific material, and a number of features of their development were determined. The authors drew attention to a number of stagnant phenomena in social life in the first half of the 1980s, the peculiarities of Soviet propaganda, and provided examples of the work of regional libraries in the conditions of the unfolding of perestroika, glasnost and socio-political transformations in the second half of the 1980s - democratization, revitalization of national life, renewal of book funds at the expense of previously banned literature, local history and Ukrainian-language publications, formation of national consciousness of its readers, strengthening of centrifugal processes that led to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the declaration of Ukraine's independence. The purpose of this article is a thorough study of the history of library development in the Khmelnytskyi region at the end of the Soviet era in the 1980s, with the determination of the essential features of the development of libraries in the Khmelnytskyi region during the specified period with an analysis of their main components. In the process of working on the article, the authors used a number of methods of historical research, in particular: the method of periodization, historical-comparative and historical-systemic methods. Among the positive achievements of the development of the library system of the Khmelnytskyi region at that time, the development of the mechanism of interaction between trade union and branch libraries to meet the needs of readers was singled out. With the beginning of reconstruction and glasnost, books by previously banned authors were introduced to library collections, the regional and national component was strengthened, thanks to enlightenment, reader interest in oral folk art grew, libraries began to occupy their niche in the formation of the national consciousness of their readers.
Abu Hanifa's contribution to the renewal of social order
Authors: Mukhetdinov D. V.
Published: April 2023

The present article considers the role of the outstanding Islamic jurist Abu Hanifa, that comes as the role of a creator of the legal school and system that inﬂuenced the further development of Muslim societies at large. The research also examines the controversies referred to the authorship of the works attributed to him: where, despite the active participation of his students and followers in the development of works comprising his heritage, Abu Hanifa himself remains their main and, that is very important, recognized author in historical tradition. Thus, the paper reveals the connection between the work of Abu Hanifa and his followers in creating the legal foundation of society in particular and performing renewal (as understood in the concept of tajdid), in general. The concluding part of the article describes Abu Hanifa’s role as a mujaddid in historical and societal perspective.
Effects of a Dissociative Drug on Fronto-Limbic Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Individuals with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Danböck Sarah K. , Duek Or , Ben-Zion Ziv , Korem Nachshon , Amen Shelley L. , Kelmendi Benjamin , Wilhelm Frank H. , Levy Ifat , Harpaz-Rotem Ilan
Published: April 2023

Rationale. A subanesthetic dose of ketamine, a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, elicits dissociation in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), who also often suffer from chronic dissociative symptoms in daily life. These debilitating symptoms have not only been linked to worse PTSD trajectories, but also to increased resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) between medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and amygdala, supporting the conceptualization of dissociation as emotion overmodulation. Yet, as studies were observational, causal evidence is lacking. Objectives. The present randomized controlled pilot study examines the effect of ketamine, a dissociative drug, on RSFC between mPFC subregions and amygdala in individuals with PTSD.Methods. Twenty-six individuals with PTSD received either ketamine (0.5mg/kg; n = 12) or the control drug midazolam (0.045mg/kg; n = 14) during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). RSFC between amygdala and mPFC subregions, i.e., ventromedial PFC (vmPFC), dorsomedial PFC (dmPFC) and anterior-medial PFC (amPFC), was assessed at baseline and during intravenous drug infusion.Results. Contrary to pre-registered predictions, ketamine did not promote a greater increase in RSFC between amygdala and mPFC subregions from baseline to infusion compared to midazolam. Instead, ketamine elicited a stronger transient decrease in vmPFC-amygdala RSFC compared to midazolam. Conclusions. A dissociative drug did not increase fronto-limbic RSFC in individuals with PTSD. These preliminary experimental findings contrast with prior correlative findings and call for further exploration, and potentially, a more differentiated view on the neurobiological underpinning of dissociative phenomena in PTSD.
The Perceived Value of Bilingualism among U.S. Parents: The Role of Language Experience and Local Multilingualism
Authors: Surrain Sarah , Luk Gigi
Published: April 2023

Theoretical models have posited that social contexts influence parental attitudes, which in turn modulate parental behaviors. The current study asks whether parental attitudes on bilingualism differ by local language context and whether parents who perceive bilingualism as more valuable are more likely to engage in activities with their child in their home language. We synthesize theoretical models with insights from Family Language Policy in an ecological framework of bilingual development and test these relations in a U.S. sample of parents in 42 states. By capturing parents’ perceived value of bilingualism with an online survey (n = 319) and linking responses to U.S. census data, we explored relations among local multilingualism, perceptions of the value of bilingualism, and parents’ language practices. We found that parents who lived in more multilingual areas held more positive attitudes toward bilingualism, but the contribution of local multilingualism varied by language background. Local multilingualism mattered most for English-speaking parents who had never tried to learn another language, with those who lived in more multilingual areas reporting more positive perceptions of bilingualism. We also found that for parents of young children exposed to a non-English language (n = 136), those who valued bilingualism for their child were also more likely to participate in activities using their home language. These findings show how distal societal factors, such as local multilingualism, can have a cascading association with parents’ perceived value of bilingualism and parents’ language practices with their young children in the United States.
Mindreading Measures Misread? A Multimethod Investigation into the Validity of Self-Report and Task-Based Approaches
Authors: Wendt Leon Patrick , Zimmermann Johannes , Spitzer Carsten , Müller Sascha
Published: April 2023

Mindreading ability—also referred to as cognitive empathy or mentalizing—is typically conceptualized as a relatively stable dimension of individual differences in the ability to make accurate inferences about the mental states of others. This construct is primarily assessed using self-report questionnaires and task-based performance measures. However, the validity of these measures has been questioned: According to rival interpretations, mindreading tasks may capture general cognitive ability, whereas mindreading self-reports may capture perceived rather than actual mindreading ability. In this preregistered multimethod study involving 700 participants from the U.S. general population, we tested the validity of mindreading measures by examining the nomological network of self-reports and task-based methods using structural equation modeling. Specifically, we contrasted the empirical associations with theoretical predictions that assume mindreading measures are valid versus invalid. More consistent with rival interpretations, mindreading tasks showed a negligible latent correlation with mindreading self-reports (.05) and a large one with general cognitive ability (.85), whereas mindreading self-reports were specifically associated with perceived performance in mindreading tasks (.29). Also more consistent with rival interpretations, neither mindreading self-reports nor task-based measures showed positive unique associations with psychosocial functioning when controlling for general cognitive ability and general positive self-evaluation. Instead, negative unique associations emerged for both methods, although this effect was not robust for tasks. Overall, the results cast doubt on the validity of commonly used mindreading measures and support their rival interpretations.
The role of self-regulation in giving social support
Authors: Ulichney Virginia , Jarcho Johanna , Helion Chelsea
Published: April 2023

Social support can benefit recipients when it is provided effectively, but giving effective support can be demanding. Prior research outlines givers’ traits (e.g., compassion) and choices of methods that can make support more beneficial, but it remains unclear how givers regulate their own internal processes to provide optimal support. Through the novel Self-Regulation in Social Support model, we leverage past research on self-regulation (based primarily in North America/Europe) to examine how self-regulatory processes influence effective social support provision. Potential support givers must first evaluate their aims and prioritize relational goals with recipients. Next, support givers must utilize self-regulatory processes (e.g., effort, cognitive control) to enact support by representing recipient’s goals and delivering and maintaining support. More effective self-regulation thus may enhance support exchanges. We also identify factors that may facilitate support givers’ regulatory processes (e.g., recipient closeness). This framework generates testable future research questions exploring how people give effective support.
Psychological and physiological effects of extended DMT
Authors: Luan Lisa Xiaolu , Eckernäs Emma , Ashton Michael , Rosas Fernando , Uthaug Malin , Bartha Alexander , Jagger Samantha , Gascon-Perai Kiara , Gomes Lauren , Nutt David , Erritzoe David , Carhart-Harris Robin , Timmermann Christopher
Published: April 2023

Background: N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a serotonergic psychedelic that when injected as a bolus intravenous injection induces a rapid and transient altered state of consciousness. Its marked and novel subjective effects make DMT a powerful tool for the neuroscientific study of consciousness and preliminary results show its potential role in treating mental health conditions. Aims: In a within-subjects, placebo-controlled study, we investigated a novel method of DMT administration involving a bolus injection paired with a constant-rate infusion, with the goal of extending the DMT experience. Methods: Pharmacokinetic parameters of DMT estimated from plasma data of a previous study of bolus intravenous DMT were used to derive dose regimens necessary to keep subjects in steady levels of immersion into the DMT experience over an extended period of 30 minutes, and four dose regimens were tested. Results: The present method is effective for extending the DMT experience in a stable and tolerable fashion. While subjective effects were maintained over the period of active infusion, anxiety ratings remained low and heart rate habituated within 15 minutes, indicating psychological and physiological safety of extended DMT. Plasma DMT concentrations increased consistently starting ten minutes into DMT administration, whereas psychological effects plateaued into the desired steady state, suggesting the development of acute psychological tolerance to DMT. Conclusion: Taken together, these findings demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of continuous IV DMT administration, laying the groundwork for the further development of this method of administration for basic and clinical research.
The Sanctioning Dilemma: A Quasi-Experiment on Social Norm Enforcement in the Train
Authors: Przepiorka Wojtek , Berger Joël
Published: April 2023

Numerous laboratory experiments have established peer-sanctioning as an important driver of norm compliance and cooperation in human groups. However, systematic evidence of peer-sanctioning occurring in the field is still rare. Here we present results from a quasi-experimental field study investigating the enforcement of the silence norm in the train. We let a confederate play music on his/her mobile phone in an open-plan train car and measure the time until a negative sanction occurs (if any). The silence norm is enforced in 45 of 90 cases, enforcement rates do not differ across silent- and non-silent-area cars, and the more passengers are in a car, the more likely is the silence norm enforced. Passengers’ propensities to enforce the silence norm are in line with predictions derived from the asymmetric volunteer’s dilemma (VOD). The higher a passenger’s net benefit from enforcing the silence norm is, the more likely is the passenger to negatively sanction the norm breaker. Our findings extend the validity of results from laboratory experiments which conceive the second-order free-rider problem as a VOD.
Herausforderungen und Erkenntnisse der organisationsübergreifenden Meta-Evaluierung von (Projekt-)Evaluierungen in der deutschen Entwicklungszusammenarbeit
Authors: Guffler Kerstin , Wittenberg Marian , Kunert Laura , Gräfin zu Eulenburg Amélie
Published: April 2023

Die organisationsübergreifende Meta-Evaluierung des DEval untersuchte die Erfüllung von Qualitätsstandards bei 296 zentralen (Projekt-)Evaluierungen elf deutscher staatlicher und nichtstaatlicher Entwicklungszusammenarbeits-Organisationen. Dafür wurde ein Analyseraster erarbeitet, das aus der Überschneidung der OECD/DAC- und DeGEval-Qualitätsstandards bestand und somit für eine Vielzahl an Organisationen relevant ist. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass der überwiegende Teil der Qualitätsstandards durch die beteiligten Organisationen erfüllt wurde, dass der Erfüllung aber kein systematisches Qualitätsbewusstsein oder -verständnis zugrunde lag. Daher wird zukünftig eine explizite Verankerung der Qualitätsstandards in den Organisationsdokumenten sowie die Dokumentation der Erfüllung oder Nichterfüllung der Qualitätsstandards auf der Ebene einzelner Evaluierungen empfohlen.
L’apport du Vsup au tour prédicatif verbo-nominal en polonais
Authors: Vetulani Grażyna
Published: April 2023

This article is a contribution to the research on noun predication in Polish. More specifically, it focusses on the role of the support verb (Vsup) in verb-noun constructions. In this type of structure, also called verb-noun collocation, or conventionalized syntagma, the verb is collocated with an abstract noun. In this paper, Grażyna Vetulani discusses some crucial aspects of the role of the Vsup in Polish. Despite its apparently subordinated non-predicative role, the Vsup brings important semantical and grammatical information to the meaning of the whole syntagma. In particular, Vetulani argues that, it is a unifying element for the class of predicative nouns (Npréd); it indicates the register and aspect of the compound; it determines its class in the set of predicative nouns; it restricts the polysemy of the predicative noun.
Les verbes supports et autres actualisateurs du prédicat nominal "comparaison" dans un texte scientifique
Authors: Hajok Alicja , Gabrysiak Katarzyna
Published: April 2023

Les verbes supports et autres actualisateurs du prédicat nominal  constituent l’objet de cette étude. Nous soumettons aux analyses les constructions retenus dans les textes scientifiques appartenant à la discipline de Science humaine. Le choix de travailler sur le corpus bien défini n’est pas arbitraire, car non seulement le contexte linguistique détermine le sens d’un prédicat mais aussi le contexte et le genre de discours peuvent délimiter l’emploi du prédicat. Les analyses proposées se réfèrent aux travaux sur l’actualisation du prédicat nominal et s’inscrivent dans la lignée des recherches actuelles sur les structures lexico-syntaxiques spécifiques au genre.
Il ne faut pas se laisser tromper par la langue : entre syntaxe et sémantique
Authors: Śmigielska Beata
Published: April 2023

In this article, Beata Śmigielska describes the questions used to determine the number and nature of arguments of predicates within the framework of Stanisław Karolak’s semantics-based grammar. Since syntactic structures do not directly reflect the semantic structures of predicates, the distinction between arguments and adjunct elements (modifiers) often becomes problematic. This fact is related to the lack of a single methodology by which this can be done in a simple and unambiguous way, resulting in different results of analyses of the same predicates. To solve this problem, it is necessary clearly to define the theory within which we work, because it is the adopted perspective and its well-defined principles that will decide both the path of thought during the research and its results. In her analyses of the selected predicates, Śmigielska defines the tools that can be used in predicate description such as the semantic decomposition of predicates into simpler elements, supplemented, where necessary, by contradiction tests and paraphrasing.
Brief Reviews of Books and Products: Copyright's Broken Promise: How to Restore the Law's Ability to Promote the Progress of Science
Authors: Swartz Mark D
Published: April 2023

A brief review of John Willinsky's new book "Copyright's Broken Promise: How to Restore the Law's Ability to Promote the Progress of Science" 
Brief Reviews of Books and Products: A History of Scientific Journals: Publishing at the Royal Society, 1665-2015
Authors: Mrozewski Tomasz
Published: April 2023

A review of A History of Scientific Journals: Publishing at the Royal Society, 1665-2015