bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Key Success Factors of a Shopping Mall Project: Creditors Perspective in Serbia
Authors: Spasenić Željko , Petrović Dejan , Benković Slađana
Published: June 2022

Research question: The study researches the key success factors of a shopping mall project (SM) from the perspective of creditors in Serbia. Motivation: In Serbia, the retail landscape has seen a continuous increase in the number of SMs over the recent years. To support further development, project finance (PF) plays a significant role as an adequate financing structure for such projects. Idea: Existing knowledge highlights the importance of different factors for the sustainability of SM operation in the long run, describes their impact on project success, or offers potential solutions to a specific business problem. On the other hand, a question may be raised regarding the creditor’s ability to assess the quality of different investor decisions when deciding to finance a concrete project. Data: Research is based on the review of papers published in relevant international journals, while the presented case study is a real-life example from banks’ business practice. Relative significance of different factors from the creditors’ perspective was established and confirmed by means of a survey among bank professionals. Tools: Research findings are derived from a case study and simple empirical research conducted among bank professionals in Serbia. Findings: Results show that the most important elements of the project strategy which creditors consider relevant for project success in the long run are location and tenant mix. Contribution: Research results contribute to a better understanding between investors and creditors and may shorten the time needed for the credit approval process.
Identification of aluminum-activated malate transporters (ALMT) family genes in hydrangea and functional characterization of HmALMT5/9/11 under aluminum stress
Authors: Qin Ziyi , Chen Shuangshuang , Feng Jing , Chen Huijie , Qi Xiangyu , Wang Huadi , Deng Yanming
Published: June 2022

Hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser.) is a famous ornamental plant species with high resistance to aluminum (Al). The aluminum-activated malate transporter (ALMT) family encodes anion channels, which participate in many physiological processes, such as Al tolerance, pH regulation, stomatal movement, and mineral nutrition. However, systematic studies on the gene family have not been reported in hydrangea. In this study, 11 candidate ALMT family members were identified from the transcriptome data for hydrangea, which could be divided into three clusters according to the phylogenetic tree. The protein physicochemical properties, phylogeny, conserved motifs and protein structure were analyzed. The distribution of base conservative motifs of HmALMTs was consistent with that of other species, with a highly conserved WEP motif. Furthermore, tissue-specific analysis showed that most of the HmALMTs were highly expressed in the stem under Al treatment. In addition, overexpression of HmALMT5, HmALMT9 and HmALMT11 in yeasts enhanced their tolerance to Al stress. Therefore, the above results reveal the functional role of HmALMTs underlying the Al tolerance of hydrangea. The present study provides a reference for further research to elucidate the functional mechanism and expression regulation of the ALMT gene family in hydrangea.
Seroprevalence and Clinical Profile of Scrub Typhus in Children in a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Deepa R , Vasumathi A , Vasanthi S , Aravind M
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Rickettsial disease in children has shown an increasing trend in several parts of India over recent years. The clinical features and seroprevalence vary in different geographic areas. Aim: To determine the seroprevalence and clinical features of Scrub typhus in paediatric patients. Materials and Methods: The prospective study was conducted for a period of six months included all paediatric patients <12 years of age with suspected scrub typhus infection. Serodiagnosis was done by performing Weil Felix (WF) on all serum samples. Clinical examination findings and other investigations were recorded from the medical case records. Statistical analysis of data was performed with Microsoft Excel. The significance of demographic and clinical features was determined by calculation of p-value by Fisher’s-exact test using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 17.0. Results: Among 152 children satisfying the inclusion criteria, 60 (39.5%) had a titer ≥1:80 with OXK antigens in WF test and 92 children (60.5%) had a titre less than 1:80. Scrub typhus IgM Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was positive in 69 children (45.4%) and the rest were negative {n=83 (54.6%)} The sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV) and accuracy of WF as compared to the Scrub typhus IgM ELISA were 71.01%, 86.75%, 81.67%, 78.26% and 79.61%, respectively. The commonest age group of children with scrub typhus was 1-4 years {n=30 (43.5%)}. Fifty three children (76.8%) presented with high grade and intermittent fever. The commonest clinical signs were hepatomegaly {n=51 (73.9%)} splenomegaly {n=37 (53.6 %)} and eschar {n=21 (30.4%)}. The most common laboratory findings were anaemia {n=44 (63.8%)} and thrombocytopenia {n=21 (30.4%)}. Conclusion: The seroprevalence of Scrub typhus in paediatric population was 45.4% (n=69). The eschar was present in 30% of the study group (n=21) and the most common clinical presentation was high grade intermittent fever with hepatosplenomegaly which are seen in other tropical infections as well. The laboratory plays a pivotal role with serodiagnosis by IgM ELISA, a necessity in confirming the diagnosis.
Correlation of Glycated Haemoglobin with Protein Carbonyl Content as Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sharma Akshay , Sharma Manju , Rawat Shikha , Mittal Anju , Kumar Sudeep
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Diabetes is chronic disease which is characterised by defect in insulin secretion and insulin action leading to hyperglycaemia. Aim: To detect protein carbonyl as oxidative stress marker in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 subjects (aged 40 to 70 years) out of which 50 were T2DM and 50 were normal individuals. Serum was tested for Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) and Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) and Protein Carbonyl Content (PCC). Serum PCC was measured by spectrophotometric DNPH (dinitrophenylhydrazone) method of Reznick AZ and Packer L. Results: The protein carbonyl content, Fasting blood sugar and HbA1c were observed as positively correlated in type 2 diabetes mellitus as the levels of PCC, FBS and HbA1c were raised in T2DM as compared to controls. Conclusion: Increased HbA1c may be associated with generation of oxygen free radicals in the form of protein carbonyls and decreased antioxidants in T2DM.
Influence of Nitrogen Levels and Weed Management Practices on Soil Quality of Wetland Rice
Authors: Yadav Tikendra Kumar , Singh S. P. , Singh M. K. , Singh M. K.
Published: June 2022

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most popular cereal crops serves as the staple food for world’s half of the population. Nutrients and weeds are two important factors that determine the productivity of wetland rice. Nitrogen (N) is major nutrient that contributes in rice production. Weeds are the major constraint limiting high productivity of rice. Weeds may remove considerable quantity of nutrients besides competing for light; space and moisture thus become a major constraint in wetland rice. Considering these, a field experiment was conducted for two successive kharif seasons of 2018 and 2019 at Agricultural Research Farm, B.H.U., Varanasi, UP (India). The study included influence of nitrogen levels and weeds management practices (WMP) post harvest soil quality of wetland rice. The experiment was laid out in split plot design involving five nitrogen levels viz. control, 60 kg N ha-1 through inorganic, 60 kg N ha-1 as farmyard manure (FYM), 90 kg N ha-1 & 120 kg N ha-1 in main plots and four weed management practices viz. Azolla 2 t ha-1, BGA 1.25 kg ha-1, two hand weeding (2HW) at 20 & 40 days after transplanting (DAT) along with weedy in sub plots and replicated thrice. The results showed that the FYM treated plots exhibited maximum residual NPK and organic carbon with comparatively less pH in post harvest soil of wetland rice. Post harvest soil studies indicated that among weed management practices Azolla facilitated higher residual NPK and organic carbon and least pH in wetland rice field.
Antihypertensive and In Silico Docking Studies OF Phytoconstituents Isolated from Syzygium Alternifolium Bark
Authors: V. N V L Suvarchala Reddy , M. Ganga Raju , L. Madhuri M. , M. Mamatha
Published: June 2022

Aim of the Study: Pharmacological examination was done for methanolic extract Syzygium alternifolium bark (MESA) for its antihypertensive activity, Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition by in vitro and in vivo studies, antioxidant activity via radical scavenging activity.

Methods: Albino Wistar rats were allowed to treat with dexamethasone (30 μg/kg/day s.c) or saline for about 14 days. Methanolic extract of Syzygium alternifolium (300 mg/kg, b.w., p.o.) is administered from day 8 to 14 day of study to the treatment group. Chronic fructose treatment in rats showed to increase blood pressure in relationship with insulin blockade. MESA (300 mg/kg b.w, p.o) was capable of preventing the origin of hypertension by diminishing the raised blood levels i.e., blood pressure.

Results and Discussion: The decrease in the blood pressure is accredited to the restraint of ACE. The preliminary phytochemical examination suggests that the MESA has alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, sugars, proteins and tannins. MESA exhibited 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl interrupting radical chain reactions with IC50 value of 12.34 µg/ml just as superoxide radical scavenging ability with IC50 value of 21 µg/ml. MESA showed antihypertensive activity by limiting angiotensin converting enzyme and interrupted free radical reactions i.e., antioxidant property. These findings reveal the existence of probable active constituents of MESA. Understanding the molecular method of activity of natural product is a vital stage for creating drugs from them. The docking studies of the number of compounds were performed using mCule software. The constituents have good binding ability with ACE 1 inhibitor, Calcium channel blocker, and Renin inhibitor proteins and Ramachandran plot is analyzed.

Conclusion: The compounds from Syzygium alternifolium bark have shown antihypertensive activity when compared with standard drug Amlodipine.
Islamic Banking and Performance of Beneficial MSME’s in Sumbawa; Study of BMT Insan Samawa
Authors: Rizqi Reza Muhammad , Firmansyah Joni
Published: June 2022

Aims: The purpose of this research is to examine the role of Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil (BMT) Insan Samawa financing in the trade expansion and prosperity rises of its members from Sumbawa's small and medium-sized microbusinesses.

Study Design: Quantitative Research

Place and Duration of Study: BMT Insan Samawa Financing, between Mei 2022 and June 2022.

Methodology: The data was analyzed quantitatively using the smartPLS model with a survey approach. The purposive sampling technique yielded 40 respondents.

Results: The findings of this study show that financing has a significant positive effect on trade expansion, with the t statistic for the construct of financing and trade expansion being larger from 1,96 around 13,339 and the coefficient of latent variable financing on output path coefficient being around 0,729, indicating a positive effect of around 72,9% on trade expansion caused by the large of financing effect on trade expansion directly. Trade expansion has a significant positive effect on prosperity rises. The t statistic for the construct of financing on prosperity rises is greater than 1,96 around 6,120, and the coefficient of latent variable that is trade expansion on output path coefficient is around 0,633, which means that as the business grows, so will the welfare.

Conclusion: Financing has a significant effect on the growth of BMT Insan Samawa SMEs, as shown by the fact that the statistical t value for the PB constructs on PU is greater than 1.96, which is 13,339. This proves that PB has a significant effect on PU. Development business has a significant effect on improving the welfare of the BMT Insan Samawa UMKM with Output path coefficient shows that the statistical t value for the PU construct on PK is greater than 1.96, which is 6.120, so the effect given by PU on PK is proven to be significant.
Overexpression of TRAF4 promotes lung cancer growth and EGFR‐dependent phosphorylation of ERK5
Authors: He Siwei , Dong Danfeng , Lin Jiafei , Wu Beiying , Nie Xiaomeng , Cai Gang
Published: June 2022

Tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 4 (TRAF4) is overexpressed in a variety of carcinomas of different origins, but its role in tumorigenesis remains incompletely understood. Previous studies suggest that TRAF4 promotes epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the downstream signaling pathway of TRAF4‐mediated EGFR activation, as well as its effects on tumor cells, have not been fully elucidated. Here we report that TRAF4 overexpression is associated with increased activity of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) in NSCLC tissues. Activation of ERK5 was dependent on TRAF4‐mediated EGFR activation, since inhibition of either TRAF4 or EGFR dramatically abolished phosphorylation of ERK5. Mechanistically, EGFR recruited mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3 (MEKK3), an upstream kinase of ERK5, in a TRAF4‐dependent manner. Thus, our data suggest that an EGFR‐TRAF4‐MEKK3‐ERK5 axis promotes the proliferation of tumor cells, and this may be a potential target for therapeutic intervention of NSCLC.
Corpus Analysis of Key Words
Authors: Rayson Paul
Published: June 2022

The key‐words procedure originating in corpus linguistics is extremely widely used for the comparative analysis of language alongside other standard methods such as frequency profiling, concordancing, n‐grams, and collocation. This entry briefly describes the method for creating a contingency table for each word in the joint frequency lists of two corpora, and how to calculate a significance or keyness measure, in order to investigate significant differences between those corpora. The development of the approach and recent research on its limitations and extensions are covered, along with potential applications.
Critical Analysis of Political Discourse
Authors: Flowerdew John
Published: June 2022

Political discourse analysis encompasses both a narrower and a broader conception of the term politics, narrower in focusing on the discourse of the government of the state and broader in incorporating all human interactions where power is an issue. Critical discourse studies (CDS) is an approach to discourse analysis which starts with the premise that language is a form of social practice and that, as with all social practices, power is an important variable. The focus of analysis is therefore political in the broad sense that power is an issue in all human interactions. CDS also includes the study of discourse in the narrow sense of political discourse connected with the government of the state, but this is only one of many areas of study among others, such as political economy, media discourse, organizational discourse, racism, gender issues, and ecological issues. CDS draws upon data in such text types as speeches, interviews, radio phone‐ins, public meetings, manifestos, constitutions and treaties, and online social media. Critical analysis requires that such texts and other semiotic data be analyzed taking into account the contexts in which they occur. This entry reviews some of the important work in CDS, focusing on a number of its key proponents.
Pronunciation Assessment
Authors: Harding Luke
Published: June 2022

Pronunciation assessment is practiced widely in applied linguistics for a variety of purposes. This entry provides an overview with focus on the evaluation of pronunciation ability in second language learners. The purposes of pronunciation assessment are surveyed, and a range of methods used to assess pronunciation are discussed. The entry then focuses on the challenge of defining a suitable target for pronunciation assessment. It ends by raising considerations of the social consequences of pronunciation assessment.
Mindful of history, observers express guarded optimism on opioid spending
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: June 2022

It will be many years and decision‐making cycles before community leaders can draw firm conclusions on whether proceeds from litigation against opioid manufacturers, distributors and pharmacies prove to be a boon to substance use disorder (SUD) services. For the moment, observers have expressed cautious optimism that states are taking important steps to ensure no repeat of the empty promises that characterized the national tobacco settlement of the 1990s.
New York leading the way in methadone reform
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2022

A symposium held June 13 at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center (Montefiore) showed the many ways in which New York State's Office of Addiction Services and Supports (OASAS) is leading the way in methadone reform. Including the focus on more flexible take‐homes (see ADAW June 20), OASAS is focusing on methadone vans — both mobile and stationary (in clinic parking lots) — and on merging opioid treatment programs (OTPs) and other addiction programs. Getting rid of stigma is almost insurmountable, but the state is doing everything it can, with the help of OTPs.
Enhanced Hydrogen Permeability of Mixed Protonic–Electronic Conducting Membranes through an In‐Situ Exsolution Strategy
Authors: Weng Guowei , Ouyang Kun , Lin Xuanhe , Wen Sisi , Zhou Yisa , Lei Song , Xue Jian , Wang Haihui
Published: June 2022

Mixed protonic–electronic conducting (MPEC) ceramic membranes with high H2 permeability and stability are significant for practical H2 separation. CO2‐tolerant lanthanum tungstate oxides have received much attention, but their low H2 permeability is their main problem for membrane applications. Herein, an efficient in‐situ exsolution strategy is proposed to enhance the H2 permeability and CO2 stability of lanthanum tungstate‐type membranes. During H2 permeation, the catalytic Pd nanoparticles are in‐situ generated from the bulk oxide lattices and dispersed evenly on the membrane surfaces, which greatly promotes the H2 surface exchange kinetics. Also, the protonic conductivity of the membranes is effectively improved through the introduction of Pd. Consequently, the H2 permeation flux is increased by 3.5 times and a maximum H2 flux of 1.3 mL min−1 cm−2 is achieved at 1000 °C through the La5.5(W0.6Mo0.4)0.95Pd0.05O11.25‐δ (LWMPd) membrane. The LWMPd membrane shows outstanding long‐term chemical stability during 300 h continuous operation in a CO2‐containing atmosphere. Therefore, this in‐situ exsolution formation of Pd nanoparticles provides effective guidance for developing competitive MPEC membranes for H2 separation and purification.
Necklace‐Like Nanostructures: From Fabrication, Properties to Applications
Authors: Zhang Lei , Biesold Gill M. , Zhao Chunyan , Xu Hui , Lin Zhiqun
Published: June 2022

The shape‐controlled synthesis of nanocrystals remains a hot research topic in nanotechnology. Particularly, the fabrication of 1D structures such as wires, rods, belts, and tubes has been an interesting and important subject within nanoscience in the last few decades. 1D necklace‐like micro/nanostructures are a sophisticated geometry that has attracted increasing attention due to their anisotropic and periodic structure, intrinsic high surface area, abundant transport channels, exposure of each component to the surface, and multiscale roughness of the surface. These characteristics enable their unique electrical, optical, and catalytic properties. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the advanced research progress on the fabrication strategies, novel properties, and various applications of necklace‐like structures. It begins with the main fabrication methods of necklace‐like structures and subsequently details a variety of their properties and applications. It concludes with the authors’ perspectives on future research and development of the necklace‐like structures.
Interfacial Exchange Phenomena Driven by Ferromagnetic Domains
Authors: Díez José Manuel , Cuñado José Luis F. , Lapa Pavel , Solís Raúl , Arnay Icíar , Pedraz Patricia , Perna Paolo , Bollero Alberto , Miranda Rodolfo , Schuller Ivan K. , Camarero Julio
Published: June 2022

Interfacial proximity effects in antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic (AFM/FM) bilayers control the exchange‐bias (EB) phenomena exploited in most spintronic devices, although still is lack of full understanding. Discordant results, including different exchange‐bias field (HE), coercivity (HC), or blocking temperature (TB) found even in similar systems, are usually ascribed to uncontrolled parameters, namely dissimilar interfacial defects, structure, and thicknesses. Here, it is shown in the very same sample that the magnetic domain structure during the magnetization reversal of the FM layer controls those mentioned effects. Simultaneous transport and vectorial‐resolved magnetic measurements performed in a V2O3/Co system during warming after different field cooling (FC) procedures exhibit a strong dependence on the FC angle and the domain structure of the FM layer. Remarkably, magnetization reversal analysis reveals 35 K of variation in TB and up to a factor of two in HE. These observations can be explained within the random‐field model for the interfacial exchange coupling with a fixed AFM domain structure in contact with a variable (angle‐dependent) FM domain structure. The results highlight the importance of the domain structure and magnetization reversal of the FM layer (not previously considered) in the EB phenomena, with potential to tailor interfacial effects in future spintronic devices.
Tumor‐Activatable Nanoparticles Target Low‐Density Lipoprotein Receptor to Enhance Drug Delivery and Antitumor Efficacy
Authors: Jiang Xiaomin , Han Wenbo , Liu Jianqiao , Mao Jianming , Lee Morten J. , Rodriguez Megan , Li Youyou , Luo Taokun , Xu Ziwan , Yang Kaiting , Bissonnette Marc , Weichselbaum Ralph R. , Lin Wenbin
Published: June 2022

The binding of plasma proteins to nanomedicines is widely considered detrimental to their delivery to tumors. Here, the design of OxPt/SN38 nanoparticle containing a hydrophilic oxaliplatin (OxPt) prodrug in a coordination polymer core and a hydrophobic cholesterol‐conjugated SN38 prodrug on the lipid shell for active tumor targeting is reported. OxPt/SN38 hitchhikes on low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, concentrates in tumors via LDL receptor‐mediated endocytosis, and selectively releases SN38 and OxPt in acidic, esterase‐rich, and reducing tumor microenvironments, leading to 6.0‐ and 4.9‐times higher accumulations in tumors over free drugs. By simultaneously crosslinking DNA and inhibiting topoisomerase I, OxPt/SN38 achieved 92–98% tumor growth inhibition in five colorectal cancer tumor models and prolonged mouse survival by 58–80 days compared to free drug controls in three human colorectal cancer tumor models without causing serious side effects. The study has uncovered a novel nanomedicine strategy to co‐deliver combination chemotherapies to tumors via active targeting of the LDL receptor.
Humidity‐Enabled Organic Artificial Synaptic Devices with Ultrahigh Moisture Resistivity
Authors: Li Jiayu , Qian Yangzhou , Li Wen , Lin Yen‐Hung , Qian Haowen , Zhang Tao , Sun Ke , Wang Jin , Zhou Jia , Chen Ye , Zhu Jintao , Zhang Guangwei , Yi Mingdong , Huang Wei
Published: June 2022

Organic memristors with homogeneous resistive switching behaviors can emulate the functionalities of biological synapses, making them promising candidates for use in brain‐inspired neuromorphic computing. Among various environmental parameters, humidity affecting device operational stability is a critical issue that organic memristors face in practical applications. A high humidity resistant organic memristor is demonstrated here using a small molecule material F16CuPc. Unencapsulated devices show excellent moisture stability, maintaining reliable memristive switching behavior after 1 year of exposure to air at 60% high relative humidity and remaining operational when immersed in water for 96 h. A proton conduction mechanism is discovered responsible for the resistive switching effect. The continuously adjustable conductance in F16CuPc‐based memristive devices enables the mimicking of biological synapse functions. These results open up a path to a humidity tolerant neuromorphic computing system based on high humidity resistant artificial synapse devices.
Comprehensive reaction kinetics model of CO2 absorption into 1‐dimethylamino‐2‐propanol solution
Authors: Liu Helei , Jiang Xiaotong , Idem Raphael , Dong Shoulong , Tontiwachwuthikul Paitoon
Published: June 2022

In the present work, the kinetics of the reactive absorption of CO2 in 1‐dimethylamino‐2‐propanol (1DMA2P) solution were experimentally measured using a laminar jet absorber over a temperature range of 298–313 K, 1DMA2P concentration range of 0.5–2.0 mol/L, and CO2 loading range of 0–0.06 mol CO2/mol amine. The measured kinetics data were then used to develop a comprehensive numerical kinetics model using a FEM‐based COMSOL software. The reaction rate model of the CO2 absorption into 1DMA2P solution were then validated by comparing model rates with the experimental rates. An excellent agreement of model data with experimental data was achieved with an absolute average deviation (AAD) of 6.5%. In addition, vapor–liquid equilibrium plots of all ions in the 1DMA2P‐H2O‐CO2 system were also developed. Further, this work has provided an effective criterion for evaluating CO2 absorption, that can be used for both the conventional amines and alternative amines for the purpose of providing guidelines or information on how to effectively screen solvents.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C6‐Selective C−H 3‐Oxoalkylation of 2‐Pyridones with Allylic Alcohols
Authors: Shan Yujia , Huang Gao , Yu Jin‐Tao , Pan Changduo
Published: June 2022

Rhodium(III)‐catalyzed C6‐selective C−H 3‐oxoalkylation of 2‐pyridones was developed with commercially available allylic alcohols as the 3‐oxoalkyl sources. In this reaction, the excellent site selectivity was controlled by the 2‐pyridyl directing group on the nitrogen of the pyridone ring. This reaction features good functional group tolerance and the generation of 6‐(3‐oxoalkyl) pyridones in moderate to good yields.
Combined superposition effect of hypertension and dyslipidemia on left ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: Zhang Xueyao , Li Guangxiao , Shi Chuning , Zhang Dongyuan , Sun Yingxian
Published: June 2022

Background

Hypertension and dyslipidemia are considered reversible risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of traditional and nontraditional blood lipid profiles on the risk of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and to explore the superposition effect of dyslipidemia combined with hypertension.

Methods

Data on 9134 participants (53.5 ± 10.3 years old) from the Northeast China Rural Cardiovascular Health Study (NCRCHS) were statistically analyzed. The blood lipid profile was measured by total cholesterol (TC), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), total glyceride (TG), and calculated nontraditional blood lipid indices including non‐HDL‐C, atherosclerosis index (AI), TC/HDL‐C, and residual cholesterol (RC).

Results

After the adjustment of age and gender, the odds ratios (ORs) of LVH in patients with hypertension, high LDL‐C, high non‐HDL‐C, high AI, and high TC/HDL‐C were 3.97 (3.31–4.76), 1.27 (1.02–1.59), 1.21 (1.04–1.39), 1.33 (1.15–1.53), and 1.42 (1.22–1.65), respectively. After full adjustment of potential confounding factors, high AI and TC/HDL‐C were associated with LVH rather than traditional blood lipid indices. The combination of hypertension and nontraditional dyslipidemia (defined by high AI and TC/HDL‐C) was associated with the highest risk of LVH, especially in participants under 45 years of age. The risk was more significant in men, 5.09‐fold and 6.24‐fold, respectively, compared with 3.66‐fold and 4.01‐fold in women.

Conclusions

People with dyslipidemia defined by nontraditional blood lipid indices (high AI and high TC/HDL‐C) and hypertension were more likely to develop LVH.
Mouse Cyp2c expression and zonation structure in the liver begins in the early neonatal stage
Authors: Kawamura Taisuke , Ichikawa Mako , Hatogai Jo , Koyama Yuya , Tachibana Misa , Kuwahara Misaki , Negishi Keita , Matsumoto Miyu , Miyazaki Masafumi , Ochiai Wataru
Published: June 2022

In the adult liver, drug‐metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome P450 (CYP) efficiently metabolize drugs by forming an expression pattern called “zonation” structure around the central veins (CV). However, most previous studies on CYPs have focused on the expression levels of CYP mRNA and proteins in the whole liver. In this study, we analyzed not only the expression levels of Cyp2c family mRNAs and proteins in mice during fetal liver development, but also the relationship with their localization. In the whole fetal liver, Cyp2c mRNA and protein were hardly expressed. On the other hand, zonation analysis results showed that only some cells around the CV of the fetal liver expressed Cyp2c. In addition, the protein expression level of Cyp2c in the whole liver during the neonatal period started from postnatal day (P) 7 in both males and females, while the zonation was weakly formed from P5. This study suggested that fetal liver cannot metabolize Cyp2c substrate drugs transferred from mother to fetus due to the low expression of Cyp2c and unformed zonation. The expression level of Cyp2c protein in neonates was lower than that in adult liver, and the zonation structure was not clear, suggesting that drug metabolism was not sufficient. Furthermore, this study revealed that the expression level of Cyp2c does not correlate with the formation of zonation structures, because Cyp2c expression is found in hepatocytes near the CV even in the fetal and neonatal stages, when Cyp2c protein expression is hardly detectable in the whole liver.
13,13′‐Diphenalkyl β‐carotenes as pi‐stacking models of chlorophylls and carotenoids in photosynthesis
Authors: Lim Boram , Kim Young‐Hun , Kim Hyein , Park Myeongnam , Yeo Huisu , Koo Sangho
Published: June 2022

2,7‐Diphenalkyl‐4‐octenedials 3 were prepared for the syntheses of 13,13′‐diphenalkyl β‐carotenes 1b–1d, which serve as the intramolecular models for the π‐stacking interactions of chlorophylls and carotenoids. The optimal tether length of the 13‐phenalkyl substituents in carotenes 1b–1d for the maximum π–π interactions with the polyene chain was decided to be a three‐methylene unit based on the most up‐field chemical shifts of the nearby protons of H11 and H15 by the magnetic anisotropic effect of benzene rings, which would provide a valuable information in the assembly of a single molecular light‐harvesting/energy‐transferring unit for artificial photosynthetic system.
Is ESG mutual fund quality in the eye of the beholder? An experimental study of investor responses to ESG fund strategies
Authors: Carlsson Hauff Jeanette , Nilsson Jonas
Published: June 2022

ESG‐profiled mutual funds (funds incorporating some form of Environmental, Social, or Governance‐related concern) is an increasingly prominent part of the financial services industry. While this category of funds may look homogenous on the surface, the fact is that there is there is considerable variation in how funds choose to account for ESG concern in the investment portfolio. In this paper, we ask whether these strategic choices surrounding the implementation of ESG affect retail investors' perception of sustainable quality, financial quality, and/or perceived overall quality of the ESG‐fund. Through two experiments (n = 261; n = 437), we find that choice of ESG‐strategy (exclusion, inclusion, or engagement) impacts perceived mutual fund quality, with a marked preference for the inclusion strategy. Surprisingly, however, we find that the impact on overall fund quality is mediated by perceived financial quality, not perceived sustainable quality. In a similar fashion, we also find that implementing the strategy through in‐house sustainability experts, as opposed to relying on external sustainability expertise, positively affect perceived quality, through perceived financial quality. In all, these results highlight that the manner in which ESG‐factors are integrated in the investment portfolio can affect perceived quality of mutual funds, as investors consciously or unconsciously assign different financial expectations to the strategies.
A Highly Stable Bimetallic Transition Metal Phosphide Catalyst for Selective Dehydrogenation of n‐Heptane
Authors: Stöber Robert , Mai Florian , Sebastian Oshin , Körner Andreas , Hutzler Andreas , Schühle Patrick
Published: June 2022

In this work, we demonstrate RuP2‐MoP catalysts being highly stable and selective for the dehydrogenation of long‐chain alkanes like n‐heptane. Compared to a monometallic MoP catalyst, the bimetallic system substantially increases n‐heptene selectivity from 40 % towards 80 %. This effect can be traced back to a reduced surface acidity, suppressing the competitive hydrogenolysis reaction. The active transition metal phosphide is, furthermore, compared to its phosphorous‐free RuMo‐counterpart. As revealed by STEM‐EDX investigations, incorporation of phosphorous results in the formation of separated metal phosphide clusters instead of an intermetallic alloy. In the dehydrogenation of n‐heptane the phosphorous modification clearly avoids catalyst deactivation and maintains the high n‐heptene selectivity. X‐ray diffraction, elemental analysis and STEM‐EDX further reveal that catalyst coking and the formation of less active molybdenum carbide phases is effectively suppressed by phosphorous incorporation, making RuP2‐MoP an attractive system for selective dehydrogenation of long‐chain alkanes.
Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation with Homogeneous Cu(I) Catalyst
Authors: Jurado‐Vázquez Tamara , Rosaldo Efrén , Arévalo Alma , García Juventino J.
Published: June 2022

We report the first well‐defined homogeneous copper‐based catalyst for levulinic acid (LVA) hydrogenation using complex [(PPh3)2Cu(k2‐O,O‐LVA)] as a copper source and (1,2‐bis(diisopropyl phosphino)ethane (dippe) as an ancillary ligand. This catalytic precursor has high activity in LVA hydrogenation and yields γ‐valerolactone (GVL) under relatively mild reaction conditions (24 h, 140 °C) in a base‐free system using H2 (300 psi) as a reductant. Under optimized conditions, GVL was obtained with excellent yield (>99 %) and selectivity (>99 %) using a low catalytic load (0.025 mol %), allowing a TON=4000.
Chondroid syringoma of the axilla: A potential for misdiagnosis as metastatic carcinoma on fine needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Kim Nah Ihm , Lim Hyo Soon , Lee Ji Shin
Published: June 2022

Chondroid syringoma is a rare benign adnexal tumor and tends to occur in the head and neck region. Involvement in the axilla is very unusual, and the differential diagnosis of such presentations includes lymphadenopathy and cyst. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a very useful tool for the diagnosis of chondroid syringoma. The characteristic feature of chondroid syringoma in cytology is the presence of distinct biphasic cell populations of epithelial and myoepithelial cells in the chondromyxoid stroma. If the typical biphasic cellular and chondromyxoid stromal elements are not visible in smears, it may be misdiagnosed in cytology. Here, we describe a case of axillary chondroid syringoma that was initially misdiagnosed as a metastatic carcinoma by FNAC. Although chondroid syringoma rarely occurs in the axilla, it should be included among the differential diagnoses of an axillary mass. Cytopathologists need to discern the unique cytological features of chondroid syringoma and avoid misdiagnosis for prompt management of the patient.
Condition dependence in biosynthesized chemical defenses of an aposematic and mimetic Heliconius butterfly
Authors: Mattila Anniina L. K. , Jiggins Chris D. , Saastamoinen Marjo
Published: June 2022

Aposematic animals advertise their toxicity or unpalatability with bright warning coloration. However, acquiring and maintaining chemical defenses can be energetically costly, and consequent associations with other important traits could shape chemical defense evolution. Here, we have tested whether chemical defenses are involved in energetic trade‐offs with other traits, or whether the levels of chemical defenses are condition dependent, by studying associations between biosynthesized cyanogenic toxicity and a suite of key life‐history and fitness traits in a Heliconius butterfly under a controlled laboratory setting. Heliconius butterflies are well known for the diversity of their warning color patterns and widespread mimicry and can both sequester the cyanogenic glucosides of their Passiflora host plants and biosynthesize these toxins de novo. We find energetically costly life‐history traits to be either unassociated or to show a general positive association with biosynthesized cyanogenic toxicity. More toxic individuals developed faster and had higher mass as adults and a tendency for increased lifespan and fecundity. These results thus indicate that toxicity level of adult butterflies may be dependent on individual condition, influenced by genetic background or earlier conditions, with maternal effects as one strong candidate mechanism. Additionally, toxicity was higher in older individuals, consistent with previous studies indicating accumulation of toxins with age. As toxicity level at death was independent of lifespan, cyanogenic glucoside compounds may have been recycled to release resources relevant for longevity in these long‐living butterflies. Understanding the origins and maintenance of variation in defenses is necessary in building a more complete picture of factors shaping the evolution of aposematic and mimetic systems.
Research on the mixed control strategy of the battery energy storage considering frequency modulation, peak regulation, and SOC
Authors: Liu Shuo , Zhao Lining , Huang Senyu , You Honghao , Li Jianlin , Yang Liyong
Published: June 2022

The battery energy storage system (BESS) is considered as an effective way to solve the lack of power and frequency fluctuation caused by the uncertainty and the imbalance of renewable energy. Based on these, this paper proposes a mixed control strategy for the BESS. First, this paper divides the demand for frequency modulation, peak regulation, and state of charge (SOC) of the battery into different zones. Then the Kuramoto model modulates the frequency, and the self‐recovery strategy is used to optimize the SOC. Meanwhile, the proposed mixed control strategy is used to integrate frequency control, demand control, and SOC optimization. Finally, the simulation results verify the rationality of the strategy.
Hepatitis C is associated with more adverse pregnancy outcomes than hepatitis B: A 7‐year national inpatient sample study
Authors: Chen Bing , Wang Yichen , Lange Marcia , Kushner Tatyana
Published: June 2022

Prior international studies have shown mixed results regarding the association of hepatitis B and hepatitis C with adverse pregnancy outcomes. We performed an updated evaluation of the prevalence of associated adverse pregnancy outcomes and evaluated trends over time of diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B (HBV) and chronic hepatitis C (HCV) in pregnant women in a national database. All pregnant women with HBV and HCV were identified from the National Inpatient Sample database 2012 to 2018. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to compare pregnancy‐related complications, including rates of preeclampsia/eclampsia, gestational diabetes, intrauterine growth restriction, antepartum/intrapartum hemorrhage, preterm labor, and Cesarean section. We evaluated all‐cause in‐hospital mortality, length of stay, and total cost of hospitalizations. A total of 28.7 million pregnancy‐related hospitalizations that met our eligibility criteria were identified, including 51,200 with HBV and 131,695 with HCV. In comparison with the uninfected controls, the HBV group was significantly more likely to develop gestational diabetes (12.94% vs. 6.94%, p < 0.001). The HCV group was more likely to have preterm labor (9.63% vs. 6.27%, p < 0.001), intrauterine growth restriction (6.04% vs. 2.89%, p < 0.001), longer length of stay (3.4 days vs. 2.7 days, p < 0.001), and higher hospitalization cost (15,052 dollars vs. 14,258 dollars, p < 0.001). These findings should inform counseling of women who are found to have HBV or HCV during pregnancy regarding the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and support the need for an interdisciplinary approach to optimize maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Association of germline TYK2 variation with lung cancer and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma risk
Authors: Yarmolinsky James , Amos Christopher I. , Hung Rayjean J. , Moreno Victor , Burrows Kimberley , Smith‐Byrne Karl , Atkins Joshua R. , Brennan Paul ,   Colon Cancer Family Registry (CCFR), Colorectal Cancer Transdisciplinary Study (CORECT), Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium (GECCO), Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome (PRACTICAL) Consortium, McKay James D. , Martin Richard M. , Davey Smith George
Published: June 2022

Deucravacitinib, a novel, selective inhibitor of TYK2 is currently under review at the FDA and EMA for treatment of moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis. It is unclear whether recent safety concerns (ie, elevated rates of lung cancer and lymphoma) related to similar medications (ie, other JAK inhibitors) are shared with this novel TYK2 inhibitor. We used a partial loss‐of‐function variant in TYK2 (rs34536443), previously shown to protect against psoriasis and other autoimmune diseases, to evaluate the potential effect of therapeutic TYK2 inhibition on risk of lung cancer and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Summary genetic association data on lung cancer risk were obtained from a GWAS meta‐analysis of 29 266 cases and 56 450 controls in the Integrative Analysis of Lung Cancer Risk and Aetiology (INTEGRAL) consortium. Summary genetic association data on non‐Hodgkin lymphoma risk were obtained from a GWAS meta‐analysis of 8489 cases and 374 506 controls in the UK Biobank and InterLymph consortium. In the primary analysis, each copy of the minor allele of rs34536443, representing partial TYK2 inhibition, was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.09‐1.23, P = 2.29 × 10−6) and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.05‐1.33, P = 5.25 × 10−3). Our analyses using an established partial loss‐of‐function mutation to mimic TYK2 inhibition provide genetic evidence that therapeutic TYK2 inhibition may increase risk of lung cancer and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. These findings, consistent with recent reports from postmarketing trials of similar JAK inhibitors, could have important implications for future safety assessment of deucravacitinib and other TYK2 inhibitors in development.
A multiple‐stimulus‐without‐replacement assessment for sexual partners: Test–retest stability
Authors: Jarmolowicz David P. , LeComte Robert S. , Lemley Shea M.
Published: June 2022

The stability of stimulus preference assessment results is an important consideration when using the identified stimuli in treatments and/or additional experiments. Prior research has demonstrated that the preference hierarchies identified by the multiple stimulus without replacement (MSWO) preference assessment are generally stable over time. This stability has been demonstrated with tangible and edible items, yet the extent to which that stability can be expected for other types of stimuli remains unknown. The current study tested the 2‐month stability of the MSWO preference assessment in the context of college students' preferred sexual partners. Adequate stability was shown in most cases, suggesting generality of the stability of preference across tasks, populations, and stimuli.
Dosage Optimization of Lamotrigine in Pregnancy: A Pharmacometric Approach Using Modeling and Simulation
Authors: PA Bhavatharini , G Shri Sanghavi , Thomas Grace , KP Arun
Published: June 2022

Lamotrigine is the most widely used anti‐epileptic drug in pregnancy because of its low teratogenicity. However, there is an increased metabolism and clearance of lamotrigine in pregnancy contributing to suboptimal drug therapy and poor disease control, prompting the need for proactive dosage adjustments. The present study aimed to develop a pharmacometric model‐based framework for recommending an optimal dosage regimen for lamotrigine in pregnancy. A systematic review was performed to obtain aggregate data from the literature on the clearance of lamotrigine in pregnancy. The data were incorporated into simulations using PUMAS software to estimate the plasma concentrations at the preconception stage and during the 3 trimesters of pregnancy. Simulated drug exposures for different doses were investigated to ascertain plasma concentrations similar to the preconception value and above the minimum effective concentration. The simulated mean steady‐state trough plasma concentrations of lamotrigine were significantly decreased in pregnant women over the course of the 3 trimesters (3.17 ± 0.93 mg/L, 2.14 ± 0.86 mg/L, and 1.51 ± 0.65 mg/L, respectively), compared with non‐pregnant women (4.31 ± 1.14 mg/L) (P < .001). The simulation studies revealed that doses of 150 mg, 175 mg, 225 mg, and 250 mg twice daily in the preconception stage and the 3 trimesters, respectively, achieve the target concentrations. Thus, the model‐informed dosage regimen of lamotrigine proposed in this study shall be used to initiate appropriate dosing in pregnant women; however, the safety and efficacy of the drug must be assured through therapeutic drug monitoring in order to avoid therapeutic failure of lamotrigine in pregnancy.
Standardizing Machine Learning Manuscript Reporting in Otolaryngology‐Head & Neck Surgery
Authors: Crowson Matthew G. , Rameau Anaïs
Published: June 2022

This rapid communication provides a summary of existing reporting guidelines for machine learning in peer‐reviewed biomedical journals. It presents recommendations for their implementation in Otolaryngology‐Head & Neck Surgery publications. Laryngoscope, 132:1698–1700, 2022