bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Hybrid Fabrication Process of Metal/Silicon Composite Structure for MEMS S&A Device
Authors: Hu Tengjiang , Fang Kuang , Zhang Zhiming , Jiang Xiaohua , Zhao Yulong
Published: July 2019

The micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) safety-and-arming (S&A) device has the features of integration and miniaturization, which is one of the important directions of weapon development. Confined by the fabrication process, the silicon-based devices are too fragile, and the metal-based devices are low precision. In order to solve the contradiction between high precision and high structure strength, a metal/silicon composite structure is proposed in this paper, and a hybrid fabrication process is introduced. This new method mainly consists of metal sputtering, electroplating, and (inductively–coupled-plasma) ICP etching. As the resolution of the thick dry film is limited, the process of a femtosecond laser is applied to refine the structure, and the Ni plate (a block of 1 mm × 3 mm × 0.3 mm with a cavity of ϕ 0.85 mm × 0.3 mm in the center) is fabricated on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer successfully. After the double sides are etched by ICP, the SOI wafer is immersed in a buffered-oxide-etch (BOE) etchant to remove the buried layer. The cover plate acts as the encapsulation and is bonded with the SOI wafer by the epoxy glue. Then, the temporary support beam of the device is broken by the probe, and the suspended composite structure can be fully released. The hybrid process is the integration of the silicon-based process and the metal-based process, which can combine the advantages of both high precision and a high structure strength. The process proposed here is suitable for the application of weapon miniaturization.
Microfluidic In-Flow Decantation Technique Using Stepped Pillar Arrays and Hydraulic Resistance Tuners
Authors: Eluru Gangadhar , Nagendra Pavan , Gorthi Sai Siva
Published: July 2019

Separating the particles from the liquid component of sample solutions is important for several microfluidic-based sample preparations and/or sample handling techniques, such as plasma separation from whole blood, sheath-free flow focusing, particle enrichment etc. This paper presents a microfluidic in-flow decantation technique that provides the separation of particles from particle-free fluid while in-flow. The design involves the expansion of sample fluid channel in lateral and depth directions, thereby producing a particle-free layer towards the walls of the channel, followed by gradual extraction of this particle-free fluid through a series of tiny openings located towards one-end of the depth-direction. The latter part of this design is quite crucial in the functionality of this decantation technique and is based on the principle called wee-extraction. The design, theory, and simulations were presented to explain the principle-of-operation. To demonstrate the proof-of-principle, the experimental characterization was performed on beads, platelets, and blood samples at various hematocrits (2.5%–45%). The experiments revealed clog-free separation of particle-free fluid for at least an hour of operation of the device and demonstrated purities close to 100% and yields as high as 14%. The avenues to improve the yield are discussed along with several potential applications.
Phylotypic Characterization of Mycobionts and Photobionts of Rock Tripe Lichen in East Antarctica
Authors: Faluaburu Merry Sailonga , Nakai Ryosuke , Imura Satoshi , Naganuma Takeshi
Published: July 2019

Saxicolous rock ripe lichens that grow on rocks in the East Antarctic fellfields were sampled for phylotypic characterization of its constituent mycobionts (fungi) and photobionts (algae and cyanobacteria). The rock tripe lichen-forming fungal and algal phylotypes were classified under the common lichen-forming genera of ascomycetes, namely, Umbilicaria, and green algae, namely, Trebouxia and Coccomyxa. However, phylotypes of the green algal chloroplasts and the lichen-associated cyanobacteria showed unexpectedly high diversity. The detected chloroplast phylotypes were not fully affiliated with the green algal genera Trebouxia or Coccomyxa. The predominant chloroplast phylotype demonstrated maximum resemblance to Neglectella solitaria, which is neither a known Antarctic species nor a typical lichen photobiont. Another dominant chloroplast phylotype belonged to the atypical Antarctic green algae family. Cyanobacterial phylotypes were dominated by those affiliated with the Microcoleus species rather than the well-known lichen-associates, Nostoc species. The occurrences of these Microcoleus-affiliated cyanobacterial phylotypes were specifically abundant within the Yukidori Valley site, one of the Antarctic Specially Protected Areas (ASPA). The ASPA site, along with another 50 km-distant site, yielded most of the cryptic diversity in the phylotypes of chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, which may contribute to the phenotypic variability within the rock tripe lichen photobionts.
Quality of Systematic Reviews of the Foods with Function Claims in Japan: Comparative Before- and After-Evaluation of Verification Reports by the Consumer Affairs Agency
Authors: Kamioka Hiroharu , Tsutani Kiichiro , Origasa Hideki , Yoshizaki Takahiro , Kitayuguchi Jun , Shimada Mikiko , Wada Yasuyo , Takano-Ohmuro Hiromi
Published: July 2019

Background: In Japan, a new type of foods with health claims, called Foods with Function Claims (FFC), was introduced in April 2015 in order to make more products available that are clearly labeled with certain health functions. Regarding substantiating product effectiveness, scientific evidence for the proposed function claims must be explained by systematic reviews (SRs), but the quality of SRs was not clear. The objectives of this review were to assess the quality of SRs based on the FFC registered on the Consumer Affairs Agency (CAA) website in Japan, and to determine whether the CAA’s verification report in 2016 was associated with improvement in the quality of SRs. Methods: We evaluated the reporting quality of each SR by the AMSTAR checklist on methodological quality. We searched the database from 1 April to 31 October 2015 as the before-SR and from 1 July 2017 to 31 January 2018 as the after-SR. Results: Among the 104 SRs reviewed, 96 final products were included: 51 (53.1%) were supplements, 42 (43.8%) were processed foods without supplements, and 3 (3.1%) were fresh foods. Of the 104 SRs, 92 (88.5%) were qualitative reviews (i.e., without meta-analysis) and 12 (11.5%) performed a meta-analysis. The average quality score of before-SRs and after-SRs was 6.2 ± 1.8 and 5.0 ± 1.9, respectively, a statistically significant decrease (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Overall, the methodology and reporting quality of after-SRs based on the FFC were poorer than those of before-SRs. In particular, there were very poor descriptions and/or implementations of study selection and data extraction, search strategy, evaluation methods for risk of bias, assessment of publication bias, and formulating conclusions based on methodological rigor and scientific quality of the included studies.
Probiotics in Food Systems: Significance and Emerging Strategies Towards Improved Viability and Delivery of Enhanced Beneficial Value
Authors: Terpou Antonia , Papadaki Aikaterini , Lappa Iliada , Kachrimanidou Vasiliki , Bosnea Loulouda , Kopsahelis Nikolaos
Published: July 2019

Preserving the efficacy of probiotic bacteria exhibits paramount challenges that need to be addressed during the development of functional food products. Several factors have been claimed to be responsible for reducing the viability of probiotics including matrix acidity, level of oxygen in products, presence of other lactic acid bacteria, and sensitivity to metabolites produced by other competing bacteria. Several approaches are undertaken to improve and sustain microbial cell viability, like strain selection, immobilization technologies, synbiotics development etc. Among them, cell immobilization in various carriers, including composite carrier matrix systems has recently attracted interest targeting to protect probiotics from different types of environmental stress (e.g., pH and heat treatments). Likewise, to successfully deliver the probiotics in the large intestine, cells must survive food processing and storage, and withstand the stress conditions encountered in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Hence, the appropriate selection of probiotics and their effective delivery remains a technological challenge with special focus on sustaining the viability of the probiotic culture in the formulated product. Development of synbiotic combinations exhibits another approach of functional food to stimulate the growth of probiotics. The aim of the current review is to summarize the strategies and the novel techniques adopted to enhance the viability of probiotics.
Topological Characterization of Nanosheet Covered by C3 and C6
Authors: Nasir Sumiya , Farooq Fozia Bashir , Idrees Nazeran , Saif Muhammad Jawwad , Saeed Fatima
Published: July 2019

A topological index of a graph is a single numeric quantity which relates the chemical structure with its underlying physical and chemical properties. Topological indices of a nanosheet can help us to understand the properties of the material better. This study deals with computation of degree-dependent topological indices like the Randic index, first Zagreb index, second Zagreb index, geometric arithmetic index, atom bond connectivity index, sum connectivity index and hyper Zagreb index of nanosheet covered by C3 and C6. Furthermore, M-polynomial of the nanosheet is also computed, which provides an alternate way to express the topological indices.
Fault Slip Model of the 2018 Mw 6.6 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi, Japan, Earthquake Estimated from Satellite Radar and GPS Measurements
Authors: Guo Zelong , Wen Yangmao , Xu Guangyu , Wang Shuai , Wang Xiaohang , Liu Yang , Xu Caijun
Published: July 2019

In this study, Sentinel-1 and Advanced Land Observation Satellite-2 (ALOS-2) interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and global positioning system (GPS) data were used to jointly determine the source parameters and fault slip distribution of the Mw 6.6 Hokkaido eastern Iburi, Japan, earthquake that occurred on 5 September 2018. The coseismic deformation map obtained from the ascending and descending Sentinel-1 and ALOS-2 InSAR data and GPS data is consistent with a thrust faulting event. A comparison between the InSAR-observed and GPS-projected line-of-sight (LOS) deformation suggests that descending Sentinel-1 track T046D, descending ALOS-2 track P018D, and ascending ALOS-2 track P112A and GPS data can be used to invert for the source parameters. The results of a nonlinear inversion show that the seismogenic fault is a blind NNW-trending (strike angle ~347.2°), east-dipping (dip angle ~79.6°) thrust fault. On the basis of the optimal fault geometry model, the fault slip distribution jointly inverted from the three datasets reveals that a significant slip area extends 30 km along the strike and 25 km in the downdip direction, and the peak slip magnitude can approach 0.53 m at a depth of 15.5 km. The estimated geodetic moment magnitude released by the distributed slip model is 6.16   × 10 18   N · m , equivalent to an event magnitude of Mw 6.50, which is slightly smaller than the estimates of focal mechanism solutions. According to the Coulomb stress change at the surrounding faults, more attention should be paid to potential earthquake disasters in this region in the near future. In consideration of the possibility of multi-fault rupture and complexity of regional geologic framework, the refined distributed slip and seismogenic mechanism of this deep reverse faulting should be investigated with multi-disciplinary (e.g., geodetic, seismic, and geological) data in further studies.
SBAS-InSAR Based Deformation Detection of Urban Land, Created from Mega-Scale Mountain Excavating and Valley Filling in the Loess Plateau: The Case Study of Yan’an City
Authors: Wu Qiong , Jia Chunting , Chen Shengbo , Li Hongqing
Published: July 2019

Yan’an new district (YND) is one of the largest civil engineering projects for land creation in Loess Plateau, of which the amount of earthwork exceeds 600 million m3, to create 78.5 km2 of flat land. Such mega-scale engineering activities and complex geological characteristics have induced wide land deformation in the region. Small baseline subset synthetic aperture radar interferometry (SBAS-InSAR) method and 55 Sentinel-1A (S-1A) images were utilized in the present work to investigate the urban surface deformation in the Yan’an urban area and Yan’an new airport (YNA) from 2015 to 2019. The results were validated by the ground leveling measurements in the YNA. It is found that significant uneven surface deformation existed in both YND and YNA areas with maximum accumulative subsidence of 300 and 217 mm, respectively. Moreover, the average subsidence rate of the YND and YNA areas ranged from −70 to 30 mm/year and −50 to 25 mm/year, respectively. The present work shows that the land deformation suffered two periods (from 2015 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2019) and expanded from urban center to surrounding resettlement area, which are highly relevant with urban earthwork process. It is found that more than 60% of land subsidence occurs at filled areas, while more than 65% of surface uplifting occurs at excavation areas. The present work shows that the subsidence originates from the earth filling and the load of urban buildings, while the release of stress is the major factor for the land uplift. Moreover, it is found that the collapsibility of loess and concentrated precipitation deteriorates the degree of local land subsidence. The deformation discovered by this paper shows that the city may suffer a long period of subsidence, and huge challenges may exist in the period of urban maintaining buildings and infrastructure facilities.
Highly Informative Fingerprinting of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Volatiles: The Role of High Concentration-Capacity Sampling in Combination with Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
Authors: Stilo Federico , Cordero Chiara , Sgorbini Barbara , Bicchi Carlo , Liberto Erica
Published: July 2019

The study explores the complex volatile fraction of extra-virgin olive oil by combining high concentration-capacity headspace approaches with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography, which is coupled with time of flight mass spectrometry. The static headspace techniques in this study are: (a) Solid-phase microextraction, with multi-polymer coating (SPME- Divinylbenzene/Carboxen/Polydimethylsiloxane), which is taken as the reference technique; (b) headspace sorptive extraction (HSSE) with either a single-material coating (polydimethylsiloxane—PDMS) or a dual-phase coating that combines PDMS/Carbopack and PDMS/EG (ethyleneglycol); (c) monolithic material sorptive extraction (MMSE), using octa-decyl silica combined with graphite carbon (ODS/CB); and dynamic headspace (d) with either PDMS foam, operating in partition mode, or Tenax TA™, operating in adsorption mode. The coverage of both targeted and untargeted 2D-peak-region features, which corresponds to detectable analytes, was examined, while concentration factors (CF) for a selection of informative analytes, including key-odorants and off-odors, and homolog-series relative ratios were calculated and the information capacity was discussed. The results highlighted the differences in concentration capacities, which were mainly caused by polymer-accumulation characteristics (sorptive/adsorptive materials) and its amount. The relative concentration capacity for homologues and potent odorants was also discussed, while headspace linearity and the relative distribution of analytes, as a function of different sampling amounts, was examined. This last point is of particular interest in quantitative studies where accurate data is needed to derive consistent conclusions.
Keeping Lily Safe: An Autoethnographic Exploration of Human–Animal Attachment during Adversity
Authors: Lee Catherine
Published: July 2019

This article is an autoethnographic examination of my experiences as a pet owner during a particularly challenging time in my life. Beginning with a summary of a critical incident, it shows the way in which fears for the safety of my pet cat, Lily, and my relationship with her impacted my health, wellbeing and identity. Depicting self-knowledge as partial, local and culturally located, I deconstruct the relationship I had with Lily in relation to the particular set of circumstances in which it was situated. I was seen by my doctor and prescribed a course of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) during this period, and so, my account draws on my medical records, CBT notes and my CBT thought diary in an attempt to understand how and why my anxiety was manifested in my concern for Lily. The article calls for cognitive behaviour therapists to carefully evaluate external stressors before fears are dismissed irrational and reformulated as alternative thoughts. This article also demonstrates that familiesare diverse, and there are many ways of ‘doing family’. For many heterosexual and same-sex couples, pets give stability to a partnership and elevate it to family status, if only within the privacy of the home. Human–animal attachments can be comparable to human–human attachments, and where attachments to pets are as strong as those toward humans, fear of harm can be devastating.
A Novel Linear Time-Varying GM(1,N) Model for Forecasting Haze: A Case Study of Beijing, China
Authors: Xiong Pingping , Shi Jia , Pei Lingling , Ding Song
Published: July 2019

Haze is the greatest challenge facing China’s sustainable development, and it seriously affects China’s economy, society, ecology and human health. Based on the uncertainty and suddenness of haze, this paper proposes a novel linear time-varying grey model (GM)(1,N) based on interval grey number sequences. Because the original GM(1,N) model based on interval grey number sequences has constant parameters, it neglects the dynamic change characteristics of parameters over time. Therefore, this novel linear time-varying GM(1,N) model, based on interval grey number sequences, is established on the basis of the original GM(1,N) model by introducing a linear time polynomial. To verify the validity and practicability of this model, this paper selects the data of PM10, SO2 and NO2 concentrations in Beijing, China, from 2008 to 2018, to establish a linear time-varying GM(1,3) model based on interval grey number sequences, and the prediction results are compared with the original GM(1,3) model. The result indicates that the prediction effect of the novel model is better than that of the original model. Finally, this model is applied to forecast PM10 concentration for 2019 to 2021 in Beijing, and the forecast is made to provide a reference for the government to carry out haze control.
Analyzing Opinions on Sustainable Agriculture: Toward Increasing Farmer Knowledge of Organic Practices in Taiwan-Yuanli Township
Authors: Petway Joy R. , Lin Yu-Pin , Wunderlich Rainer F.
Published: July 2019

Local farmer knowledge is key to sustainable agriculture when organic farming promotes biodiversity conservation. Yet, farmers may not recognize ecosystem service (ES) benefits within their agricultural landscape. Surveys were administered to 113 farmers, and the opinions of 58 respondents toward organic farming were analyzed to identify influential variables when deciding to farm organically. We classified responses by geographic category within a socio-economic production landscape (SEPL), and by social influence categories. With principal component analysis (PCA), a two-scale, four-phased analysis was conducted. Coastal farmers (n = 22) were the most positive towards organic farming trends due to consumer demand. Plains farmers (n = 18) were highly interested in future opportunities for achieving consumer health and food safety objectives. Mountain farmers (n = 18) perceived the most organic transitioning barriers overall, namely irrigation. In all three geographic categories, farming decisions were not primarily related to biodiversity conservation or ES management, but rather to farming community patterns, consumer feedback, and a lack of barriers. Further, farmer opinions toward organic practices were more influenced by their life experiences than by school-taught concepts. Since no previous studies have assessed the knowledge, values, and opinions on organic farming of Taiwan’s west coast farmers from an ES perspective, the proposed approach both identifies farmers’ knowledge and opinions, and verifies a satoyama landscape with PCA results for informed decision making.
Service Quality Scales and Tourists with Special Needs: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ferri Sanz Mireia , Durá Ferrandis Estrella , Garcés Ferrer Jorge
Published: July 2019

This paper reviews the most commonly used scales for measuring service quality in sustainable tourism destinations to analyse if the requirements of tourists with special needs are considered. Results highlight that most of the recent research on service quality in tourism published in scientific journals is focused on a relative reduced number of validated scales. Variables related to tourists with special needs are often omitted or represent a reduced weight in the complete scale. Thus, this paper highlights the importance of including variables that collect the perceptions of service quality in this target group to better understand the individual perception of service quality and to move forward to sustainable tourism, considering the social dimension.
Note on Type 2 Degenerate q-Bernoulli Polynomials
Authors: Kim Dae San , Dolgy Dmitry V. , Kwon Jongkyum , Kim Taekyun
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and study type 2 degenerate q-Bernoulli polynomials and numbers by virtue of the bosonic p-adic q-integrals. The obtained results are, among other things, several expressions for those polynomials, identities involving those numbers, identities regarding Carlitz’s q-Bernoulli numbers, identities concerning degenerate q-Bernoulli numbers, and the representations of the fully degenerate type 2 Bernoulli numbers in terms of moments of certain random variables, created from random variables with Laplace distributions. It is expected that, as was done in the case of type 2 degenerate Bernoulli polynomials and numbers, we will be able to find some identities of symmetry for those polynomials and numbers.
Centrality Metrics’ Performance Comparisons on Stock Market Datasets
Authors: Hua Jie , Huang Maolin , Huang Chengshun
Published: July 2019

The stock market is an essential sub-sector in the financial area. Both understanding and evaluating the mountains of collected stock data has become a challenge in relevant fields. Data visualisation techniques can offer a practical and engaging method to show the processed data in a meaningful way, with centrality measurements representing the significant variables in a network, through exploring the aspects of the exact definition of the metric. Here, in this study, we conducted an approach that combines data processing, graph visualisation and social network analysis methods, to develop deeper insights of complex stock data, with the ultimate aim of drawing the correct conclusions with the finalised graph models. We addressed the performance of centrality metrics methods such as betweenness, closeness, eigenvector, PageRank and weighted degree measurements, drawing comparisons between the experiments’ results and the actual top 300 shares in the Australian Stock Market. The outcomes showed consistent results. Although, in our experiments, the results of the top 300 stocks from those five centrality measurements’ rankings did not match the top 300 shares given by the ASX (Australian Securities Exchange) entirely, in which the weighted degree and PageRank metrics performed better than other three measurements such as betweenness, closeness and eigenvector. Potential reasons may include that we did not take into account the factor of stock’s market capitalisation in the methodology. This study only considers the stock price’s changing rates among every two shares and provides a relevant static pattern at this stage. Further research will include looking at cycles and symmetry in the stock market over chosen trading days, and these may assist stakeholder in grasping deep insights of those stocks.
Effect of the Number of Leaves in Submerged Aquatic Plants on Stream Flow Dynamics
Authors: Yan Peiru , Tian Yu , Lei Xiaohui , Fu Qiang , Li Tianxiao , Li Jiahong
Published: July 2019

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of aquatic plants with no leaves (L0), 4 leaves (L4), 8 leaves (L8), and 12 leaves (L12) on the mean streamwise velocity, turbulence structure, and Manning’s roughness coefficient. The results show that the resistance of submerged aquatic plants to flow velocity is discontinuous between the lower aquatic plant layer and the upper free water layer. This leads to the difference of flow velocity between the upper and lower layers. An increase of the number of leaves leads to an increase in the flow velocity gradient in the upper non-vegetation area and a decrease in the flow velocity in the lower vegetation area. In addition, aquatic plants induce a momentum exchange near the top of the plant and increase the Reynold’s stress and turbulent kinetic energy. However, because of the inhibition of leaf area on the momentum exchange, the Reynold’s stress and turbulent kinetic energy increase first and then decrease with the increase in the number of leaves. Quadrant analysis shows that ejection and sweep play a dominant role in momentum exchange. Aquatic plants can also increase the Reynold’s stress by increasing the ejection and sweep. The Manning’s roughness coefficient increases with the increasing number of leaves.
Development of Threshold Levels and a Climate-Sensitivity Model of the Hydrological Regime of the High-Altitude Catchment of the Western Himalayas, Pakistan
Authors: Saifullah Muhammad , Liu Shiyin , Tahir Adnan Ahmad , Zaman Muhammad , Ahmad Sajjad , Adnan Muhammad , Chen Dianyu , Ashraf Muhammad , Mehmood Asif
Published: July 2019

Water shortages in Pakistan are among the most severe in the world, and its water resources are decreasing significantly due to the prevailing hydro-meteorological conditions. We assessed variations in meteorological and hydrological variables using innovative trend analysis (ITA) and traditional trend analysis methods at a practical significance level, which is also of practical interest. We developed threshold levels of hydrological variables and developed a non-parametric climate-sensitivity model of the high-altitude catchment of the western Himalayas. The runoff of Zone I decreased, while the temperature increased and the precipitation increased significantly. In Zone II, the runoff and temperature increased but the precipitation decreased. A two-dimensional visualization of the Pardé coefficient showed extreme drought events, and indicated greater sensitivity of the hydrological regime to temperature than to precipitation. The threshold levels of runoff for Zones I and II were 320 and 363 mm using the Q80 fixed method, while the mean runoff amounts were estimated to be 79.95 and 55.61 mm, respectively. The transient threshold levels varied by month, and the duration of droughts in Zones I and II ranged from 26.39 to 78.98 days. The sensitivity of the hydrological regime was estimated based on a modified climate-elasticity model (εp = 0.11–0.23, εt = −0.04–2.39) for Zones I and II, respectively. These results highlight the sensitivity of the hydrological regime to temperature, which influences the melting process. However, it is important to establish thresholds for hydrological variables and understand the climate sensitivity of the hydrological regime of the entire basin, so that policy makers and water managers can make sustainable water-resource-management decisions for this region.
Monitoring Groundwater Storage Depletion Using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Data in Bakhtegan Catchment, Iran
Authors: Abou Zaki Nizar , Torabi Haghighi Ali , M. Rossi Pekka , J. Tourian Mohammad , Kløve Bjørn
Published: July 2019

The Bakhtegan catchment, an important agricultural region in south-western Iran, has suffered groundwater depletion in recent years. As groundwater is considered the main source of fresh water in the catchment, especially for agriculture, monitoring groundwater responses to irrigation is important. Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data can help determine water mass changes in catchments and assess water volume changes. In this study, we compared GRACE-derived water mass data against groundwater volume variations measured in situ. We also assessed the efficiency of GRACE-derived data in catchments smaller than the 200,000 km2 recommended area when using GRACE. For the study period (January 2002 through December 2011), the GRACE data showed a 7.6 mm annual decline in groundwater level, with a total volume loss of 2.6 km3 during the period. The in situ monthly measurements of groundwater level showed an average depletion of 10 m in catchment aquifers during the study period. This depletion rate was supported by the recorded decrease in precipitation volume, especially in the post-drought period after 2007. These results demonstrate that GRACE can be useful tool for monitoring groundwater depletion in arid catchments.
The Scale Effect of Double-Ring Infiltration and Soil Infiltration Zoning in a Semi-Arid Steppe
Authors: Li Mingyang , Liu Tingxi , Duan Limin , Luo Yanyun , Ma Long , Zhang Junyi , Zhou Yajun , Chen Zexun
Published: July 2019

The double-ring infiltrometer is widely used to measure soil unsaturated hydraulic conductivity in the field. The scale effect of the inner and outer ring size (especially the inner one) affects the measurement results. In the semi-arid steppe, where water is scarce and transportation is inadequate, studying the scale effect caused by the inner-ring diameter of the infiltrometer can reduce the test consumption on the premise of ensuring the test accuracy. In this paper, a total of 190 double-ring infiltration tests with different inner-ring diameters (15, 20, 25, 30, and 40 cm) and 0.33 times outer buffer index were carried out at 38 sites with five soil types in the Xilin river basin, China. Results showed that: (1) When comparing the simulated parameters of six infiltration models, parameters increased with the increase of the infiltrometer inner diameter, but the trend gradually slowed down, indicating that the increase of the infiltrometer inner diameter would weaken the influence of the infiltrometer scale effect. However, the infiltrometer with an inner diameter of 40 cm is not enough to completely overcome the scale effect. (2) Through principal component analysis, the infiltration process is mainly affected by the particle size and the initial moisture content. (3) The soil infiltration map based on infiltration tests was more practical than the soil type map, which can provide a theoretical basis for ecological and soil restoration in the future.
Consumo de alimentos processados e ultraprocessados em indivíduos adultos com excesso de peso
Authors: Caetano Vanessa Cirilo , Alvim Bruna de Freitas , Silva Bethânia Esmeralda Claudiano , Ribeiro Rayane Silva Martins , Neves Felipe Silva , Luquetti Sheila Cristina Potente Dutra
Published: July 2019

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a contribuição dos alimentos in natura, processados e ultraprocessados na ingestão calórica, de macronutrientes e fibras em indivíduos adultos com excesso de peso. Trata-se de estudo transversal, com questionário quantitativo de frequência para avaliar o hábito alimentar. Os alimentos consumidos foram classificados em três grupos: Grupo 1 (G1) - alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados; Grupo 2 (G2) - alimentos processados e ingredientes culinário (sal, o açúcar, o azeite e vinagre) e Grupo 3 (G3) - alimentos ultraprocessados. Foi feita estimativa do consumo energético, de macronutrientes (carboidratos, proteínas e lipídeos) e fibras em 93 participantes, sendo 72,0% mulheres e a maioria dos participantes apresentavam obesidade e hipertensão arterial. O consumo calórico mediano dos participantes foi de 2002,1 calorias/dia, sendo 58,4% de carboidratos, 17,7% de proteínas, 28,1% de lipídeos e 27,6g (Por que aqui não foi em %?) de fibras.  Considerando o grau de processamento dos alimentos, evidenciamos consumo mediano de 975,5 calorias diárias, 29,4% de carboidratos, 11,5% de proteínas, 10,9% de lipídeos e 18,6g de fibras no G1. Para os alimentos dos Grupos 2 e 3 foram observados valores menores de consumo de energia (442,3 e 491,5 calorias), carboidratos (10,1% e 14,6%), proteínas (3,1% e 2,1%) lipídeos (8,5% e 6,7%) e fibras (2,0g e 3,1g), respectivamente. Os dados do estudo indicam que os alimentos in natura (G1) apresentaram maior contribuição para a ingestão calórica dos indivíduos com excesso de peso. Quando considerado o consumo de alimentos processados (G2) e ultraprocessados (G3) em conjunto, a contribuição destes para a ingestão calórica e de carboidratos dos participantes foi semelhante ao consumo dos alimentos in natura. Desta forma, o consumo desses alimentos processados e ultraprocessados foi relativamente alto na alimentação contribuindo para maior consumo de energia, açúcares e gorduras pouco saudáveis, aliado a baixos teores de fibras.
DATA AKUNTANSI DALAM MEMPREDIKSI KEBANGKRUTAN: PERSPEKTIF HISTORIS DAN KONTEMPORER
Authors: ANI SALIS MUSTA , SIREGAR AMELIA OKTRIVINA
Published: July 2019

This paper discusses the development of the use of accounting data in predicting corporate bankruptcy (financial distress) and the role of accounting data in predicting bankruptcy. Research completion will be divided into several developments, covering the 1930s until the 2000s.
ASSET INSTRUMEN KEUANGAN DAN FREE CASH FLOW TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN: DIVIDEND PAYOUT RATIO SEBAGAI PEMODERASI
Authors: SUWALDIMAN SUWALDIMAN , RAMADHAN JAMHARI
Published: July 2019

This research examines the impact of financial instrument assets and free cash flow on the firm value. This research also tests the dividend payout ratio as the moderating variables. Data sample were taken out of the manufacturing companies listed in BEI for period of 2014 – 2016. Firm value is defined and measured as the share market price five days as the audit report released. Financial instrument assets is defined and measured by the ratio of the total financial assets to the total assets. Meanwhile free cash flow is measured by comparing the operating cash flows less by capital expenditure to the operating cash flow. Finally, dividend payout is measured by the ratio of dividend per share to the earnings per share. Regression analysis is employed to test relationship among those variables. This research reveals that the financial instrument assets have a positive and significant impact on the firm value. However, this research does not prove that the free cash flow has a positive and significant impact on the firm value. Moreover, the dividend payout ratio strengthens the impact of financial instrument assets on the firm value, but not the free cash flow. It can be concluded that market will respond positively to the information of increasing in the financial instrument assets. And the increasing in the dividend payout ratio will strengthen to the relationship. In contrast, free cash flow is not significantly responded by the market and either the dividend payout ratio.
Calidad de vida y autodeterminación en personas con discapacidad. Valoraciones de los padres
Authors: Arellano Araceli , Peralta Feli
Published: July 2019

El concepto de calidad de vida nos permite valorar el bienestar de las personas con discapacidad intelectual y de sus familias, además de ajustar los apoyos a sus necesidades. De entre los dominios de calidad de vida descritos por los expertos, la autodeterminación tiene un papel central en el logro de una vida plena. En este artículo se presenta un estudio con una muestra de padres y madres (n = 40), a los que se les aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada, con la finalidad de evaluar de forma objetiva la calidad de vida de sus hijos. Se describen algunas de sus preocupaciones respecto a cada dominio de calidad de vida, especialmente sobre la autodeterminación. Los datos obtenidos indican que los padres aprecian un nivel aceptable de bienestar general en sus hijos, además de sentirse satisfechos con los avances personales y sociales conseguidos. No obstante, también identifican obstáculos que comprometen seriamente la calidad de vida tales como la falta de servicios para promover la participación social, el coste emocional y económico de la discapacidad, o la escasez de oportunidades para la autodeterminación. Estos resultados confirman la necesidad de diseñar y aplicar medidas, objetivas y subjetivas, sobre calidad de vida, para así identificar las áreas de mejora prioritarias y realizar los ajustes necesarios.
Depresión y Bullying en adolescente del Liceo María Teresa Angulo extensión Bojo Sanare Estado Lara
Authors: Jiménez Ana , Silva Doralys , Ortiz Noheli , Vargas Marinaisabel
Published: July 2019

El propósito de la investigación fue determinar los niveles de depresión en Adolescentes Escolarizados implicados en la dinámica Bullying en el liceo María Teresa Angulo extensión Bojo Barquisimeto Sanare Estado Lara, periodo Enero-Junio 2017.Es una investigación de tipo Descriptiva, no experimental, donde la población estuvo constituida por 50 adolescentes voluntarios a quienes se les aplicó el cuestionario para la exploración del bullying (CEBU). Posteriormente a los alumnos implicados en la dinámica bullying se les aplicó el instrumento de Beck para evaluar niveles de depresión. De 50 alumnos, 28 resultaron implicados en Bullying, 11 alumnos fueron identificados como fuertes (40%); 4 alumnos además de fuertes son provocadores (14%); 3 alumnos son clasificados provocadores y Agresivo (11%); 2 alumnos es Agresivo y Provocador (7%). Igualmente, 3 alumnos sus compañeros manifiestan tenerle idea (11%), 3 alumnos son considerados por sus compañeros como cobarde (11%); 1 alumno es visto como cobardes-víctimas (3%),) y un alumno que además de víctima es catalogada como provocador (3%). De los alumnos implicados en la dinámica bullying el  50% de la muestra presento ausencia de depresión, 32%  presento sintomatología depresiva no incapacitante  y un 11%  presentaron depresión moderada y un 7%  presento depresión severa.
Responsabilidad Social para la Interacción Comunitaria en contextos universitarios: Una aproximación teórica
Authors: Castro Marelys , Isea Argüelles Josía Jeseff
Published: July 2019

La educación universitaria está urgida de estudios interpretativos y subjetivos que permitan interpretar, comprender y generar  la responsabilidad social para la función interacción comunitaria  en contextos universitarios. El presente estudio se planteó como propósito central es develar un constructo teórico que fundamente la responsabilidad social en pro de la función interacción comunitaria en contextos universitarios: Caso: UNESR (Universidad Nacional Experimental Simón Rodríguez. La investigación fue de corte cualitativo. El procesamiento interpretativo analítico se produce desde el planteamiento de la teoría fundamentada propuesta por Glaser y Strauss (1967) en la cual, se utiliza el análisis de contenido para la codificación y la comparación constante para la categorización por agrupamiento, bajo el principio inductivo. A partir de las diversas categorías emergentes que surgieron, estableciendo conexiones entre ellas lo cual permitió establecer un hilo conductor   para ir construyendo o ir generando las representaciones sociales que coadyuvaron a precisar que generar la responsabilidad social para la interacción comunitaria en contextos universitarios  pasa por reconocer como núcleos del saber o ejes articulantes: La necesidad que la universidad asuma una seria posición critico – reflexiva de su accionar en pro de un desarrollo social, para luego gestar una verdadera transformación de marcado carácter socialista desde una praxis educativa socio implicadora y comprometida con el accionar comunitario.
Trends in Regional Inequalities in Pakistan:
Evidence Since 1998
Authors: Akhtar Sajjad
Published: July 2019

Periodic research and documentation of the extent and nature of
inter-regional and intra-regional inequalities is a pre-requisite for
formulating cost effective interventions for the promotion of spatially
balanced and sustainable development. These interventions can be in the
shape of increased fiscal resource transfers and/or fiscal incentives to the
private sector for promoting investments in lagging regions. The analysis of
inter-regional and intra-regional consumption and non-consumption
inequalities in this paper are a preliminary attempt at assessing their
status.
Rethinking Pakistan’s Development Strategy
Authors: Hamid Naved
Published: July 2019

The objective of this paper is to set out the key components of a
development strategy for Pakistan. A fundamental premise of our analysis is
that the world economic environment is changing dramatically and a
development strategy today must position itself to take advantage of the
changes taking place. The paper is divided into five sections: First, we
provide a brief review of Pakistan’s experience with development strategies
so far. Next, we discuss the changes that have occurred, or are taking
place in the global economy, which have strategic relevance for Pakistan.
In the third section we look at the current situation in Pakistan with
regard to the potential drivers of growth, based on the earlier discussion of
the global developments. In the final section key elements of an alternative
development strategy for Pakistan are outlined.
Public Policy Fundamentals for Sustainable and Inclusive
Growth
Authors: Nabi Ijaz
Published: July 2019

Pakistan has seen strong economic growth in recent years
accompanied by a reduction in poverty. However, growth has been
concentrated, which has meant that regional and inter-personal disparities
are on the rise. In a contestable political environment, this casts a shadow
on the sustainability of high growth. The budget, a corrective instrument,
has been subject to boom and bust cycles because of rigid claims, poor tax
effort and external shocks, rendering it ineffective in addressing long term
priorities. This paper argues that robust budgets for sustained and
inclusive growth require government programs to be credible (monitoring
and evaluation and public information) and cost effective (streamlined
budget cycle, public-private partnerships); this will help increase citizen
willingness to pay for public programs via improved tax compliance.
Does Trade Openness Reduce Inflation? Empirical Evidence
from Pakistan
Authors: MukhtarF Tahir
Published: July 2019

One of the more celebrated propositions found in international trade is
the case that trade liberalization is associated with declining prices, so that
protectionism is inflationary. In line with this view, Romer (1993) postulates the
hypothesis that inflation is lower in small and open economies. The objective of
this study is to examine Romer’s hypothesis in Pakistan. For this purpose, we
have used multivariate cointegration and a vector error correction model. The
study covers the period from 1960 to 2007. The empirical findings under the
cointegration test show that there is a significant negative long-run relationship
between inflation and trade openness, which confirms the existence of Romer’s
hypothesis in Pakistan.
Composición y distribución de los ensambles de aves de la planicie de inundación del Paraná inferior (Entre Ríos, Argentina)
Authors:   , Ronchi Virgolini Ana Laura
Published: July 2019

Entre marzo de 2006 y marzo de 2008, se estudió la dinámica espacial y temporal del ensamble de aves en el Parque Nacional Pre– Delta (32º03’S 60º38’O) ubicado en el departamento Diamante, en el sudoeste de la provincia de Entre Ríos. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: (1) caracterizar la comunidad de aves en términos de riqueza, abundancia y diversidad (alfa y beta), (2) relacionar los parámetros de los ensambles con cambios ambientales espaciales y temporales relacionados con vegetación, hidrología y perturbaciones antropogénicas y (3) identificar los grupos de especies que respondan de un modo similar a un determinado impacto, de tal manera que puedan constituir una herramienta eficaz como indicadores de perturbaciones ambientales. Se registró una abundancia promedio de 3417 individuos, correspondiente a 163 especies, 41 familias y 14 órdenes. Fueron registradas 39 especies de aves acuáticas, pertenecientes a 12 Familias, las restantes 124 especies son de hábitats terrestres y de transición entre terrestres y acuáticos. Riqueza, abundancia promedio y diversidad fueron diferentes entre las tres unidades ambientales. Las especies fueron clasificadas en 19 gremios tróficos, que reflejaron la elevada oferta de microhábitats y recursos alimenticios del valle de inundación, involucrando una gran variedad de dietas y de forma de obtenerlas en el espacio.
DYNAMICS OF SOIL NUTRIENT STATUS OF HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY IN LATVIA, 2006-2017
Authors: Osvalde Anita , Cekstere Gunta , Karlsons Andis , Pormale Jolanta
Published: July 2019

In Latvia, the first commercial highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) plantings have been established on a few hectares at the end of the 1990th. Since then, a remarkable growth has noticed and today the total cultivated area reaches 280 hectares. An increasing market demand for fresh and processed berries provides a future upward trend in the development of blueberry crop in Latvia. In general, blueberry is a highly specialized crop that has definite soil agrochemical and climatic requirements. There are two main soil types used for blueberry cultivation in Latvia: well-drained acid sandy soils with high organic matter content and sphagnum peat soils. Evaluation and management of plant mineral nutrition in such diverse soils are based on guidelines for the particular type of growing medium. A long-term study (2006-2017, divided into three periods: 2006-2009, 2010-2013, 2014-2017) was done to find out the nutrient status of blueberry soils in Latvia.  In total, 330 mineral and peat soil samples were collected from the upper layer of soils (0 - 20 cm) across blueberry plantations in Latvia and tested on plant available nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, B), as well as soil pHKCl and electrical conductivity. In general, more than 50% of blueberry soils had low content of N, S, Mo and B, as well as a high level of Mn over the study period of 2006-2017. Less than 25% of samples in the optimum range indicated on N as the most deficient nutrient.
Lingkungan Toko Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen dalam Berbelanja
Authors: Kurniawan Brahma Wahyu
Published: July 2019

The results of this study are as follows: (1) location of the store has a significant influence on consumer satisfaction in shopping, with a value of β = 0.590; (2) The layout of the store has a significant influence on consumer satisfaction in shopping, with a value of β = 0.241; (3) The atmosphere shop has a significant influence on consumer satisfaction in shopping, with a value of β = 0.343; (4) Simultaneously, store environment variables consisting of store location, store layout and atmosphere of the store has a significant impact on consumer satisfaction in shopping, with a value of F = 86.482 and the value of Adjusted R Square of 0.721. Of these three variables, the location of the store is the dominant variable that affects customer satisfaction in shopping.