bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phoenixin-14 Promotes the Recovery of Neurological Dysfunction After Spinal Cord Injury by Regulating Microglial Polarization via PTEN/Akt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yu Zhiyong , Wu Hao , Wang Yonghong
Published: August 2022

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a destructive event in central nervous system (CNS) with the hallmark of deficits in neuronal function. Phoenixin-14 (PNX-14) is a reproductive peptide that also has neuroprotective effects. However, the role of PNX-14 in SCI has not yet been studied. In this study, we firstly investigated the effects of PNX-14 on the recovery of neurological dysfunction and microglial polarization in a SCI mice model. We demonstrated that PNX-14 improved the recovery of neurological dysfunction with increased Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) scores, reduced lesion area volume and Evans blue (EB) dye extravasation. PNX-14 alleviated neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation in mice underwent SCI. In vitro co-culture assay proved that PNX-14 protected neurons injury in response to LPS- activated BV-2 cells. PNX-14 suppressed the LPS- induced microglia M1 phenotype polarization with decreased expression of M1-associated markers (CD16 and iNOS) and increased expression of M2-associated markers (CD206 and Arg1). PNX-14 also suppressed LPS- caused decrease in anti-inflammatory cytokines TGF-β, IL-10, and IL-13, as well increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in BV2 cells. PNX-14 treatment caused increased PTEN expression and decreased p-Akt expression in BV2 cells against LPS induction. While inhibition of PTEN by SF1670 reversed the effects of PNX-14 on LPS- induced phenotypic transition of BV2 cells. Taken together, we found that PNX-14 exerted protective effects on neurological dysfunction and inflammation in SCI mice through modulating microglial polarization via PTEN/Akt signaling pathway.
Direct oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Lee Young H , Song Gwan G
Published: August 2022

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) versus warfarin in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).

Methods

We performed a literature search using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. We also performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effectiveness and safety of DOACs versus warfarin in patients with APS.

Results

Five RCTs involving 648 patients with APS (330 in DOAC-treated and 318 in control groups) were included in the meta-analysis. Among the patients included in the analysis, 29 (8.8%) patients experienced recurrent thrombosis in the DOAC treatment group, and 10 patients (3.1%) had thrombosis recurrence in the warfarin treatment group, resulting in a higher incidence in DOAC-treated than in the warfarin-treated groups [odds ratio (OR) = 2.163, 95% CI = 0.985–4.748, p = 0.055]. Incidence of arterial thrombosis was significantly higher in DOAC-treated patients than in warfarin-treated patients (OR = 5.168, 95% CI = 1.567–17.04, p = 0.007). Stroke and thrombosis occurrences were significantly higher in the triple positivity group than in the warfarin therapy group (OR = 12.03, 95% CI = 2.249–64.36, p = 0.004; OR = 2.940, 95% CI = 1.016–8.504, p = 0.047). However, venous thrombosis occurrences did not differ significantly between the DOAC-treated and warfarin-treated groups. There were no significant differences between the DOAC and warfarin groups in terms of any bleeding, major bleeding, minor bleeding, and all-cause mortality.

Conclusion

DOACs were associated with higher rates of arterial thrombosis than warfarin in patients with APS, especially in the triple-positive group. However, a higher risk of recurrent venous thrombosis was not found in APS patients treated with DOACs compared to those treated with warfarin.
Platelet- and endothelial-derived microparticles in the context of different antiphospholipid antibody profiles
Authors: Cheng Chunyan , Bison Elisa , Pontara Elena , Cattini Maria Grazia , Tonello Marta , Denas Gentian , Pengo Vittorio
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Studies on microparticles (MPs) in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are sparse and inconclusive. The relation between MPs and different aPL antibody profiles has never been tested. We evaluated the presence of platelet and endothelial microparticles in patients positive for IgG anti-β2-glycoprotein I (aβ2GPI) antibodies according to triple, double and single positive aPL profiles.

Methods

Megamix (Biocytex) was used to set up the MPs gating according to the datasheet. Markers of Platelet Microparticles (PMPs) were CD41a-PE and annexin-V-FITC that was used to determine phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure. CD144-FITC was used as a marker of Endothelial Microparticles (EMPs).

Results

The number of total MPs and EMPs was significantly higher in triple positive groups with respect to single positive group and showed a significant correlation with IgG aβ2GPI titers. The number PMPs was the lowest in triple positive group and inversely correlated with IgG aβ2GPI titers.

Conclusions

Elevated levels of total MPs and EMPs suggest a state of vascular activation in IgG aβ2GPI positive individuals according to the number of positive tests. PMPs may be fast cleared from circulation in high risk triple positive patients.
Developmental evaluation during the COVID-19 pandemic: Practice-based learnings from projects in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Iyamu Ihoghosa , Berger Mai , Fernando Saranee , Snow M Elizabeth , Salmon Amy
Published: August 2022

In this article, we explore experiences and learnings from adapting to challenges encountered in implementing three Developmental Evaluations (DE) in British Columbia, Canada within the evolving context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We situate our DE projects within our approach to the DE life cycle and describe challenges encountered and required adaptations in each phase of the life cycle. Regarding foundational aspects of DEs, we experienced challenges with relationship building, assessing and responding to the context, and ensuring continuous learning. These challenges were related to suboptimal embeddedness of the evaluators within the evaluated projects. We adapted by leveraging online channels to maintain communications and securing stakeholder engagement by assuming non-traditional DE roles based on our knowledge of the context to support project goals. Additional challenges experienced with mapping the rationale and goals of the projects, identifying domains for assessment, collecting data, making sense of the data and intervening were adapted to by facilitating online workshops, collecting data online and through proxy evaluators, while sharing methodological insights within the evaluation team. During evolving crises, like the COVID-19 pandemic, evaluators must embrace flexibility, leverage, and apply their knowledge of the evaluation context, lean on their strengths, purposefully reflect and share knowledge to optimise their DEs.
Using Aristotle’s Four Causes to Evaluate and Revise Adult Education Programs
Authors: Taylor Jonathan E. , Sondermeyer Elizabeth
Published: August 2022

Over 2000 years ago, Aristotle wrote of four distinct causes at play in the world we know. Those causes, the material cause, the formal cause, the efficient cause, and the final cause, were meant to refer to ontological and, by extension, epistemological concerns, and were powerful enough to be seized upon and used in some form by those of very different philosophical persuasions (i.e., rational humanists and neo-Thomists). These four types of causes are introduced here as an analytical tool to conduct both formative and summative curriculum assessments, and as a tool to analyze and develop curriculum. The fourth cause, particularly, adds analytical power to present program review conceptions because it positions the result of the program as a cause, rather than a mere output.
Class, Policy Attitudes, and U.S. Presidential Voting in the Post-Industrial Era: The Importance of Issue Salience
Authors: Franko William W. , Witko Christopher
Published: August 2022

In the Post-industrial Era, there has been an apparent weakening of the relationship between class and voting in the U.S., with lower class voters becoming less likely to support the Democratic Party. We argue that this reflects that lower class status predicts liberal economic attitudes, but conservative views on cultural and racial issues, while the parties are consistently liberal or conservative, creating conflicts for many voters. How do voters settle such internal conflicts? We argue that the salience that voters attach to these different types of issues determines how policy attitudes, and indirectly class, shapes voting. Using ANES and GSS data since the 1970s, we find that class consistently predicts economic and cultural/minority policy attitudes, and that lower class voters who place more salience on economic issues, and upper class voters for whom cultural issues are more salient, are more likely to support the Democratic Party in presidential elections.
Does the Attainment of Vocational Aspirations Make Youths Happy?
Authors: Park Hyung In , Lee Seunghee , Lee Bora
Published: August 2022

The current study aims to investigate the developmental perspective on the relationships between person-vocation (P-V) fit and its criteria (extrinsic job satisfaction, workplace satisfaction, and happiness) using longitudinal data of 1041 youths in South Korea. While most previous studies on P-V fit examined the fit between vocational interests and characteristics of actual vocation, we examined the fit between aspired and attained occupation in its prestige levels. We utilized data collected at two time points with an 8-year interval: when the participants were high school seniors and when they were in early adulthood. Polynomial regression and response surface graphs revealed that the levels of the criteria increased as attained occupation matched with the aspired occupation at a high-high fit compared to a low-low fit. However, P-V misfit did not have a systematic relationship with any criteria. Happiness was the most relevant outcome, suggesting important implications regarding youths’ vocational aspirations and attainment.
Analysis of the horizontal vibration response under gas–solid coupling throughout the entire high-speed elevator operating process
Authors: Shi Rundong , Zhang Qing , Zhang Ruijun , He Qin , Liu Lixin
Published: August 2022

High-speed elevator cars affected by external excitations exhibit complex horizontal vibration responses during their entire operating processes. To accurately explore the horizontal vibration response of a car and the response differences between the operating processes, a gas–solid coupling model for the entire high-speed elevator operating process was developed based on the finite volume method, Lagrange’s theorem, and the external excitations obtained from dynamic mesh technology and the time-variant guideway excitation simulation method. The differences in the car’s horizontal vibration acceleration and the effect of the fluid load disturbance during different high-speed elevator operating processes were analyzed by considering the different operating characteristics of the car during its acceleration–uniform speed–deceleration process. The feasibility of the model and modeling method were verified by testing an actual 7 m/s high-speed elevator. The results showed that the horizontal vibration acceleration of the car reached its maximum value during the uniform speed process, and the shaft fluid pressure load had the most significant effect on the horizontal vibration response of the car during the deceleration process.
The Tenure and Promotion Standards Used to Evaluate Creative Scholarship in the Media and Communication Fields
Authors: Miller Serena
Published: August 2022

The tenure and promotion system influences whether, how, and the extent faculty members produce creative scholarship. A thematic analysis of 69 media and communication departments’ documents was carried out to systematically assess creative scholarship standards. The results showed most documents formally recognized creative scholarship and equated it to traditional research. Results showed less concreteness in comparison with traditional research standards. Artistic and professional peer review criteria such as securing awards, exhibitions, and festivals were the primary evaluative approaches. One implication is that leadership and senior faculty members need to rethink how to evaluate impact because scholars often seek to engage local nonacademics.
Intellectual Structure of the Hospitality Literature Via Topic Modeling Analysis
Authors: Koseoglu Mehmet Ali , Wong Antony King Fung , Kim Seongseop (Sam)
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this research was to provide a comprehensive analysis of the hidden intellectual structure of hospitality research. This study combined Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) and text-net analysis (TNA) as the topic modeling approach for 7,931 articles with approximately 290,000 references in seven top-tier hospitality journals from 1960 to 2019. A total of 10 specific research topics were identified, with their probability timelines, in hospitality research. The results showed that hospitality research is focused on the empirical testing of relationships rather than theory building. A stakeholder research approach was identified, which includes the perspectives of management, employees, and customers. These findings contribute by revealing the hidden pattern of intellectual structures and research trends in hospitality research and overcoming the weaknesses of traditional co-citation analysis. Also, the study provides evidence of a shift from narrow to diverse research topics, thereby offering useful implications for hospitality practitioners.
Characterization and repair of core gap manufacturing defects for wind turbine blades
Authors: Murdy Paul , Hughes Scott , Barnes David
Published: August 2022

Various wind turbine blade components, such as shear webs and skins, commonly use fiber-reinforced composite sandwich structures with a core material like balsa or foam. During manufacturing, core gap defects may result from the misalignment of adjacent foam or balsa core sheets in the blade mold. It is important to understand the influence that core gaps have on the structural integrity of wind turbine blades and how to mitigate their influence. This research characterized the effects of core gap defects at the manufacturing and mechanical levels for both epoxy and next-generation thermoplastic composites. Common repair methods were assessed and compared. Multiple defect sizes were compared using temperature data gathered with thermocouples embedded during manufacturing to core gap defect characteristics obtained using image-mapping techniques, optical microscopy, and mechanical characterization by long beam flexure. Results showed that peak exothermic temperatures during curing were closely related to core gap size. The long beam flexure tests determined that transverse core gaps under pure bending loads can have a substantial effect on the ultimate facesheet strength of both epoxy and thermoplastic composite sandwich structures (up to 25% strength reduction), although the size of the defect itself had less of an influence on the magnitude of the strength reduction. The supporting image-mapping techniques indicated that the distortion of the composite facesheets by the core gaps contributed to the premature failures. The repair methods used in this study did very little to improve the ultimate strength of the sandwich panels that previously had core gap defects. The repair of the thermoplastic panel resulted in a further loss in ultimate facesheet strength. This research demonstrated that there is a vital need for the development of a compatible thermoplastic polymer repair resin system and appropriate resin specific repair procedures for the next generation of recyclable thermoplastic wind blades.
Context matters: Sociocultural considerations in the design and implementation of community-based positive psychology interventions in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Appiah Richard
Published: August 2022

Scholars conducting cross-cultural research in mental health often import intervention programs found to be efficacious in one social context (e.g., Western) and directly implement them in other contexts (e.g., African and Asian) without recourse to the sociocultural disparities between the target populations and the theoretical foundations of the constructs and principles underpinning the intervention programs. Such efforts mistakenly assume that positive psychology interventions (PPIs), most of which were developed from Western perspectives and assumed individualistic cultural orientation and value systems, operate equally across all contexts. Drawing on the extant literature and on insights from designing, implementing, and evaluating group-based (mental) health behavior change intervention programs across several communities in Ghana, we discuss some sociocultural, theoretical, and methodological issues that can significantly constrain the design, uptake, and effectiveness of PPIs in the rural, low literate, socioeconomically disadvantaged, highly collectivistic context of Ghana, and sub-Saharan Africa more generally. In all illustrations, we offer suggestions to guide the design and implementation processes to ensure culturally appropriate, highly acceptable, and potentially effective intervention programs. We argue that PPIs can be potentially fructuous in the sub-region when adapted to, or embedded in, the cultural values of the target population and tailored to the needs, capacities, and circumstances of participants.
Axial behavior of seawater sea-sand coral concrete-filled basalt fiber-reinforced polymer tubular columns containing pre-bonded basalt fiber-reinforced polymer bars
Authors: Lu Fei , Sun Yu , Dong Zhiqiang , Zhu Hong , Yan Zeyu , Zhang Bai
Published: August 2022

The seawater sea-sand coral aggregate concrete (SWCC) is believed to have a wide application prospect in the field of ocean engineering, even if research problems are still open. In this paper, the axial performance of SWCC-filled basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) tubular columns were experimentally tested and theoretically calculated. Considering that the BFRP tubes manufactured by spiral winding impregnated basalt fiber sheets can normally only provide strength in hoop direction, a new type of integrated prefabricated BFRP tube with longitudinal BFRP bars pre-bonded on the inner wall was manufactured. Ten SWCC columns were built, instrumented, tested, and analyzed. First, the influences of the wall thickness of the BFRP tubes (i.e., 2 mm and 4 mm) and the containing of pre-bonded BFRP bars or not were compared. Then, based on the modification of existing models, a calculation model applicable to the peak bearing capacity of the new integrated BFRP tube confined SWCC was preliminarily proposed. The results showed that the integrated BFRP tube designed in this paper has good application prospects in the marine environment and the proposed equation can be used to predict the ultimate strength of this new BFRP tube confined SWCC. The established numerical model had good accuracy in predicting the stress-strain relationship and the failure modes of the proposed SWCC-filled BFRP tubular columns under axial compression.
Understanding, experiences and attitudes of dementia in India: A qualitative study
Authors: Hurzuk Saadiya , Farina Nicolas , Pattabiraman Meera , Ramasamy Narendhar , Alladi Suvarna , Rajagopalan Jayeeta , Comas-Herrera Adelina , Thomas Priya Treesa , Evans-Lacko Sara
Published: August 2022

India is the world’s second-most populous country and there are about 5.3 million people with dementia in India. Only one out of ten people living with dementia in India ever gets a diagnosis, care or treatment. There are various obstacles to deliver dementia care and support to people living with dementia and their carers. Furthermore, there is inadequate understanding of dementia in the general public and within the health care professionals. Studies in India indicate that people with dementia experience stigmatisation in society as well as neglect from their families. Social prejudice associated with dementia makes it a challenging experience, in addition, it makes the persons with dementia and carers feel isolated and stigmatised. Focus groups and individual interviews were used to explore perceptions, beliefs and experiences of dementia across a number of stakeholders in India, with an effort to understand stigma towards people with dementia. Participants were recruited in two diverse cities of India (Chennai and Delhi), and were comprised of a range of key stakeholders, including persons with dementia ( n = 8), caregivers ( n = 19), health care professionals ( n = 16) and the general public ( n = 15). Following a thematic analysis, we identified three overachieving themes; (1) Poor awareness, (2) Stigma and (3) Barriers to accessing care. These all occurred within the context of socio-cultural beliefs. Whilst each stakeholder group had different experiences of dementia, it was common for all participant groups to use stigmatising language associated with dementia. In many cases, stigmatising beliefs and poor understanding of dementia resulted in poor care. There is an apparent need to raise awareness of dementia in India across all stakeholder groups; the fact that participants were able to self-identify that they had a lacked awareness of the condition may indicate that these groups are receptive to learning more about dementia.
Meeting Belongingness Needs: An Inclusive Leadership Practitioner’s Approach
Authors: Canlas Aimee L. , Williams Michael R.
Published: August 2022

Problem

Theoretical and practical frameworks delineating the individual and relational needs inherent to creating perceptions of belongingness in the workplace are absent in Human Resources Development (HRD) literature. For inclusive leadership practitioners, the literature itself lacks direct mentioning of belonging, causing the awareness around the concept to be problematic. Without a clear understanding of factors that influence perceptions of belonging, leaders lack direction in building inclusive workplaces and reaping the beneficial business outcomes these have the potential to bring, including increased employee engagement, performance, and innovation.

Solution

The Individual and Relational Belongingness (IRB) model is introduced to explore and define the unique needs that are vital for individual to perceive a sense of belongingness in the workplace across individual, relational, personal, and organizational dimensions.

Stakeholders

Organizational and Human Resources Development scholar practitioners benefit from understanding the nuanced and complex needs that drive perceptions of belongingness, since these bring additional context to the scholarship and practice of inclusive leadership.
Development of a Non-Invasive Local Heating Load Test to Detect Severe Limb Ischemia Within 200 seconds
Authors: Katsui Sotaro , Yamamoto Yohei , Kudo Toshifumi
Published: August 2022

Purpose

To establish a non-invasive test method for the rapid detection of severe ischemia (SI) in the limbs in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD).

Methods

Between November 2019 and May 2021, 22 patients admitted for PAD to 2 hospitals agreed to participate in the study. All patients underwent a local heating load (LHL) test. SI was defined as at least 1 ankle-brachial index value of <.4 and/or transcutaneous oximetry value of <30 mmHg. The other cases were classified as mild-to-moderate ischemia (MMI). The LHL test was performed simultaneously with 15 minutes of heating and measurement by attaching a blood flow meter measuring probe combined with a warmer to the patient’s dorsal foot. Evaluation consisted of 200-s periods from the start of heating to 800 seconds. For each period, perfusion value (PV) was evaluated, and slope was calculated graphically based on linear regression as PV fluctuation per minute. Test accuracy was calculated using a receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results

Twenty-four limbs of 18 patients were finally evaluated; 4 patients (2 with missing data, 1 with collagen disease, and 1 with embolism) were excluded, with 13 and 11 limbs in the SI and MMI groups, respectively. The SI group showed a significantly lower slope value in the first 200 seconds and lower PV at 200 seconds and thereafter. From the slope value, it was possible to detect SI with 85% sensitivity and 73% specificity at 200 seconds. PV could be determined with higher accuracy in periods after 200 seconds, with 85% sensitivity and 82% specificity at 800 seconds.

Conclusions

Our non-invasive LHL test could be used as a rapid screening test to detect SI in limbs within 200 seconds, as well as a more accurate test to detect ischemia within 800 seconds.
"The Thirst of Tamils is the Homeland of Tamil Eelam": Methodology as a Form of Repatriation
Authors: Thambinathan Vivetha
Published: August 2022

This research article seeks to introduce readers to my dissertation’s methodology, where I conceptualize and apply methodology as a form of repatriation in my research project. I do this by first setting the stage of my dissertation, explaining my influences for this methodology of repatriation, breaking down key components of this methodology in relation to my work, and lastly, demonstrating the intent and importance of methodology of repatriation throughout this critically reflexive note. The purpose of this piece is to expand our methodological imaginations as qualitative researchers and to showcase the beginnings of how our personal and political positionalities, theories, and ethics can be beautifully weaved to create research methodologies for healing – and even repatriation. Besides, being able to reimagine academic research methodology – with its roots in harmful Eurocentric, colonial institutions – is itself a form of repatriation.
Using Participatory Visual Methods to Explore Multi-Local Living Arrangements - The Example of Work-Life Biographies and Reflexive Photography
Authors: Garde Lisa , Greinke Lena
Published: August 2022

This paper explores work-related multi-locality – living in several places for work-related reasons – using qualitative interviews including participatory visual methods. To give space to multi-locals as people with complex living and working arrangements and to support their narratives, the visual methods work-life biographies and reflexive photography were used during interviews. After introducing the state of research on work-related multi-local living and visual methods, two German case studies, the one in the city of Stuttgart in Baden-Wuerttemberg, the other in the rural district of Diepholz in Lower Saxony, are described. The aim of this paper is to ascertain the value of using visual methods to explore multi-local living arrangements. The research questions are: (1) Which (specific) elements do multi-local employees visualise when using work-life biographies and reflexive photography? (2) Which new insights into multi-local living arrangements do the two methods provide? (3) What are the pros and cons of using such methods within qualitative interviews? The study shows that multi-locals used common thematic elements when using the visual methods: For example, especially words, numbers, specific signs and bars in the case of biographies and certain situation, people and objects in case of the photographs. Furthermore, both methods allowed new insights into multi-local living arrangements, such as their temporal and spatial dimensions, the interplay between living and working arrangements over time as well as the place attachment of multi-locals. Using visual methods during qualitative interviews provided clear added value in studying multi-locality, as it created a suitable interview introduction, reinforced spoken statements or facilitated the discussion of sensitive topics. Participatory visual methods can be used to explore a range of topics in qualitative studies looking at participants in complex situations. For multi-locality studies in particular, visual methods can be beneficial in stimulating and addressing a combination of spatial and temporal thinking.
Experimental and numerical investigation of flow over spiral grooved cylinders
Authors: Zhang Jun , Ma Chao , Liu Jing , Zhang Zhitong , Zhang Zhaoming
Published: August 2022

This study experimentally and numerically investigates the performance of a circular cylinder with a spiral grooved surface in terms of reducing wind drag. Its application in the overhead high-power conductor plays a vital role, especially in typhoon conditions. Wind tunnel tests have shown that at the critical Reynolds number (Re), the coefficients of wind drag decrease to a greater extent in a spiral grooved cylinder than in a smooth circular one. Moreover, a cylinder with a shallow groove and a small number of spirals could reduce the coefficient of drag in typhoon conditions. To gain an insight into the underlying fluid mechanism, a large-eddy simulation of turbulent flow from a critical to a super-critical Re has been carried out to approximate the flow separation and turbulent eddies over the spiral grooved cylinder. The results of the wind tunnel test have been used as a benchmark for the numerical results. The flow characteristics have been established about the near-wall flow separation and far wake flow, the pressure coefficient, the skin-friction coefficient, drag coefficient, and Q-criterion field.
“Okay sir, I’m gonna ask you to sign here”: Closing sequences as collaborative social action in traffic encounters
Authors: Shon Phillip C , Fernandes Ashton
Published: August 2022

The police are more likely to arrest, write citations, and reciprocate with coercive responses that involve warnings and threats when citizens disrespect and resist the police. Warnings in natural discourse are considered to be benevolent and differ from threats only in the intention and attitude of those who issue such speech acts. This article examines how ordinary features of talk-in-interaction are adapted to meet the institutional exigencies of patrol work, and how the interactional order of closing sequences in traffic encounters are collaboratively produced by police and drivers alike. We analyze 50 traffic encounters involving mundane infractions such as speeding and running a red light from the United States using principles of conversation analysis. Our findings indicate that closing sequences can be viewed as mutually accomplished social action in three distinct ways that are similar to and different from ordinary conversations. The implications for police studies and procedural justice research are discussed.
Reproductive rights on the inside: A rapid evidence assessment of women’s experiences of reproductive healthcare and rights while in prison in England and Wales
Authors: Dabrowski Vicki , Milne Emma
Published: August 2022

Despite academic, policy and charity commissioned research giving considerable attention to the health of imprisoned women, significantly less research has considered the reproductive health and rights of this group. This shortfall is noteworthy since women who are imprisoned are often in very vulnerable positions, and so their ongoing healthcare in relation to gynaecology, obstetrics and sexual health and wellbeing, as well as access to such rights, should be a priority. These issues are exacerbated for the high number of women who are repeatedly imprisoned for short sentences. Presenting findings of a rapid evidence assessment, this article highlights the lack of attention to this aspect of imprisoned women’s health and rights, using the limited information available. The article argues that suitable reproductive healthcare needs to be seen as an essential aspect of women’s rights. Furthermore, the current nature of imprisonment in England and Wales results in multiple and frequent rights violations.
Voices from the rising of the curtain: Democracy and deliberation bringing the disadvantaged to the fore
Authors: Goh Daeyoung
Published: August 2022

A large and growing body of literature has attempted to devise discussion frameworks for school education. However, conceptualizing deliberation able to appreciate the expression of socially disadvantaged people has received relatively little attention. Since the voices of culturally and linguistically depreciated populations would disappear in the institutionalized deliberation process, this paper aims to extend the meaning of democratic deliberation capable of putting forward marginalized accounts. The paper proposes and builds a temporal speech stage named ‘generating deliberation’ on which superiority-based claims can weaken through ‘expressive speech’ anchored in the democratic value of equality. The paper also addresses how expressive speech requires truth-telling based ‘mindful speech’ as a basis for the democratic value of freedom and a more attentive dialogue of generating deliberation. The article first explores divergent assumptions associated with democratic deliberation and their potential dilemmas in foregrounding socially marginalized people. Next, it examines the concept of critical awareness put to work through Rancière’s ideas of dissensus and equality, followed by Foucault’s parrhesia and freedom. Whilst navigating the magnitude of freedom and equality, the paper theorizes generating deliberation as an expressive/mindful conversation that illuminates the socially invisible. The process of generating deliberation would ultimately enrich deliberation participants’ formative experiences of democracy and education.
Youth friendly services utilization and associated factors among school youths in North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia: A mixed-method study
Authors: Demeke Fekade , Yohannes Tadele , Abera Netsanet , Belayneh Fanuel , Nigussie Shambel
Published: August 2022

Objective:

To assess youth friendly services utilization and associated factors among school youths in North Shewa zone, Ethiopia, 2020.

Methods:

Institution-based cross-sectional study complemented with qualitative inquiry was conducted from 25 February to 20 March 2020. Multistage and purposive sampling technique was used. A total of 605 randomly selected students were recruited. Seven in-depth interviews and four focus group discussions were conducted for qualitative study. p-value < 0.05 and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval were computed to measure the strength of associations between variables. Qualitative data were transcribed verbatim, analyzed manually, and presented in narration.

Result:

One hundred ninety-five (32.7%, 95% confidence interval: 29.0%, 36.6%) respondents had used youth friendly services during the survey. Educational level of father (can read and write) (adjusted odds ratio = 3.12, 95% confidence interval: (1.47, 6.65)), being knowledgeable about reproductive health issues (adjusted odds ratio = 4.84, 95% confidence interval: (2.77, 8.47)), discussion on reproductive health issues (adjusted odds ratio = 2.50, 95% confidence interval: (1.49, 4.19)), having sexual exposure (adjusted odds ratio = 3.37, 95% confidence interval: (1.54, 7.39)), perceiving oneself as risky for acquiring HIV/AIDS (adjusted odds ratio = 4.49, 95% confidence interval: (2.63,7.65)), history of sexually transmitted infections (adjusted odds ratio = 4.40, 95% confidence interval: (1.61, 12.04)), favorable attitude toward service providers (adjusted odds ratio = 2.20, 95% confidence interval: (1.16, 4.17)), and ever supported to use the services (adjusted odds ratio = 4.18, 95% confidence interval: (2.51, 6.97)) were factors associated with youth friendly services utilization.

Conclusion:

Compared with previous findings, youth friendly services utilization in the study area was relatively low. Knowledge on reproductive health issues, sexual exposure, perceiving as risky of acquiring HIV, history of sexually transmitted infection, ever supported to use the services, and attitude of youth toward youth friendly service providers were among factors associated with youth friendly services utilization. Health facilities and schools should work coordinately to scale up youth friendly services utilization.
Liked and Disliked Streetscape Imagery: Relation to Emotional Motivation and Block Distribution From Tourist Bus Visitors
Authors: Li Chang , Li Pengcheng , Huang Xiaohui
Published: August 2022

Streetscape is an important factor that forms the image of a city. The visual value and preference in streetscape images need to be measured by examining the interaction between places and visitors in the real environment. The study applied a method to recognize and evaluate urban streetscape from the perspective of tour bus passengers, and proved its effectiveness in streetscape visual attraction research. In this study, a visitor-employed photography (VEP) survey was conducted along 32 blocks on the No. 1 urban tour bus (with an average speed of 28 km/h) in Suzhou, China; the visual attributes and significance of urban streetscapes were recognized through empirical research on tour bus visitors’ on-site experience. The researcher cultivated the emotional motivations and block distribution captured by 30 respondents through analyzing the types of photos the respondents liked and disliked. The results of this study show that, in general, positive streetscape types tend to be of regional landscape, with cultural and readable emotional motivations. Negative streetscape types tend to be of modern architecture and construction sites, with unreadable and unattractive emotional motivations. The block cluster analysis, based on the average frequency/km of positive and negative streetscape photos, shows that the four block unit clusters were perceived by visitors with deviation between the land use image and the planned land use. The bus VEP method revealed that the visual attractiveness and preferences of streetscape were highly context-specific, rather than for performance.
Beware the Unexpected Infection: Disseminated Varicella Zoster Virus Mimicking A Drug Eruption
Authors: Adimora-Onwuka Dina , Hall Mary Ann Kirkconnell
Published: August 2022

Adverse cutaneous reactions to medications are not uncommon and may resemble viral infection and vice versa, complicating diagnosis. We describe the case of a 79-year-old male with cholangiocarcinoma with liver and presumed lung metastasis who presented with abdominal pain and was admitted with ileitis with partial small bowel obstruction. He had a widespread papulovesicular rash with hemorrhagic center, mostly on his face, chest, and back. The rash was initially thought to be a drug eruption, but was eventually diagnosed via dermatopathological examination as disseminated varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection. Steroid treatment was discontinued, and airborne precautions were initiated. Polymerase chain reaction for VZV was obtained and intravenous acyclovir treatment was begun. This case of VZV, initially suspected to be an adverse drug reaction, highlights the importance of early identification of a highly infectious lesion and the importance of early infection control measures, given the implications of exposure to VZV for health care personnel.
Explaining a century of Swiss regional development by deep learning and SHAP values
Authors: Lai Youxi , Sun Wenzhe , Schmöcker Jan-Dirk , Fukuda Koji , Axhausen Kay W
Published: August 2022

We use a graph convolutional neural network (GCN) for regional development prediction with population, railway network density, and road network density of each municipality as development indicators. By structuring the long-term time series data from 2833 municipalities in Switzerland during the years 1910–2000 as graphs over time, the GCN model interprets the indicators as node features and produces an acceptable prediction accuracy on their future values. Moreover, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAPs) are used to make the results of this approach explainable. We develop an algorithm to obtain SHAP values for the GCN and a sensitivity indicator to quantify the marginal contributions of the node features. This explainable GCN with SHAP decomposes the indicator into the contribution by the previous status of the municipality itself and the influence from other municipalities. We show that this provides valuable insights into understanding the history of regional development. Specifically, the results demonstrate that the impacts of geographical and economic constraints and urban sprawl on regional development vary significantly between municipalities and that the constraints are more important in the early 20th century. The model is able to include more information and can be applied to other regions and countries.
Cost of the Otolaryngology Residency Application Process: Comparison With Other Specialties and Equity Implications
Authors: Benjamin William J. , Lenze Nicholas R. , Farlow Janice L. , Mihalic Angela P. , Bohm Lauren A. , Kupfer Robbi A.
Published: August 2022

Objective

This study aims to assess trends in applicant‐reported costs of the otolaryngology residency application process between 2019 and 2021 and evaluate the impact of application costs on number of interview offers.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Setting

US allopathic and osteopathic medical schools.

Methods

Survey data from applicants were obtained from the Texas STAR database (Seeking Transparency in Application to Residency) for the years 2019 to 2021. Outcomes included total cost, interview cost, other costs, application fees, and number of interview offers. Simple and multivariable linear regression was used to identify novel predictors of cost and assess the correlation between cost and interview offers.

Results

Among 363 otolaryngology applicants, there was a 74% reduction in total costs and a 97% reduction in interview costs in the 2021 cycle vs the 2020 cycle. Significant predictors of total cost among otolaryngology applicants included the number of away rotations (P <. 01), the number of research experiences (P =. 04), and couples matching (P <. 01). During the 2019 and 2020 application cycles, there was a significant association between applicant‐reported total spending and number of otolaryngology interview offers (P <. 01), which was not present during the 2021 cycle (P =. 35).

Conclusion

Number of otolaryngology interview offers appears to be directly correlated with applicant‐reported total costs regardless of number of applications or interviews attended, which may be a source of inequality in the application process. There was a drastic reduction in total costs, interview costs, and other costs during the COVID‐19 pandemic, which was likely driven by virtual interviewing and the absence of away rotations.
Do Vestibular Physiotherapy and a Clinical Pathway in the Emergency Department Improve Management of Vertigo?
Authors: Stewart Vicky , Rosbergen Ingrid , Tsang Benjamin , Hoffman Aliese , Kwan Shelly , Grimley Rohan
Published: August 2022

Objective

Determine the effects of a vertigo/dizziness emergency department (ED) clinical pathway incorporating vestibular physiotherapy on quality and efficiency of care.

Study Design

A multisite retrospective study investigated differences between cohorts before and after a vertigo clinical pathway and cohorts who did and did not receive vestibular physiotherapy assessment.

Setting

Adults presenting to 2 Australian EDs with symptoms clinically consistent with vestibular disorder were captured via ED diagnostic code screening and subsequent medical record review.

Methods

Medical record audits obtained quality of care indicators: diagnosis, HINTS (head impulse–nystagmus–test of skew), and vestibular physiotherapy management. Linked hospital administrative data sets provided efficiency measures: time from ED presentation to assessments, hospital admission rates, and ED and total hospital length of stay.

Results

Postpathway cohorts (n = 329) showed greater use of HINTS (by 27%; 95% CI, 21%‐33%), more frequent vestibular physiotherapy assessment (by 27%; 95% CI, 20%‐33%), reduced wait time to assessment (25.0 to 4.6 hours; 95% CI, −27.1 to −14.1), and reduced ED length of stay (3.9 to 3.2 hours; 95% CI, −0.3 to −1.0) as compared with prepathway cohorts (n = 214). When compared with those not receiving vestibular physiotherapy assessment, patients assessed by a vestibular physiotherapist (n = 150) received a specific diagnosis more frequently (65% vs 34%; 95% CI, 22%‐40%) but were admitted more often (79% vs 49%; 95% CI, 22%‐38%) with longer total hospital length of stay (13.0 vs 5.0 hours; 95% CI, 6.1‐10.6).

Conclusion

An ED vertigo clinical pathway was associated with improved quality and efficiency of care, including reduced ED time. Vestibular physiotherapist assessment was associated with greater diagnostic specificity but higher hospital admissions.
The Deterrent Effect of Federal Corporate Prosecution Agreements: An Exploratory Analysis
Authors: Homer Emily M. , Maume Michael O.
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we explore the potential deterrent effect of federal pretrial agreements by examining the extent of violations subsequent to an organization signing a pretrial agreement. More specifically, this research examines the subsequent criminal, civil, and regulatory violations of 161 publicly-traded firms that signed federal deferred prosecution agreements and non-prosecution agreements between 2001 and 2020. Our analysis identified 87 recidivist companies with a total of 629 subsequent violations, eight of which were criminal violations. While most companies had only one subsequent violation, one company had 63 noted violations after signing the pretrial agreement. Our exploratory analyses reveal that companies paying larger penalties as part of the pretrial agreement were less likely to have subsequent violations, and, when examining U.S.-based companies only, that larger organizations were more likely to have subsequent violations. These preliminary results are important to understanding both corporate deterrence generally, and the use of pretrial agreements as a corporate deterrent specifically.
Serum proteomics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome patients
Authors: Lee Sang-Yeop , Yun Sung Ho , Lee Hayoung , Lee Yun Gyeong , Seo Giwan , Kim Nam Hoon , Park Edmond Changkyun , Lee Chang-Seop , Kim Seung Il
Published: August 2022

Background

Dabie bandavirus, also termed as severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), was first isolated in China in 2010. At this time, the virus was found to have spread to South Korea, Japan, and other countries. A high case fatality rate is reported for SFTS, ranging from 12–50% within various sources. Several omics for clinical studies among SFTS patients as well as studies of cultured SFTSV have attempted to characterize the relevant molecular biology and epidemiology of the disease. However, a global serum proteomics analysis among SFTS patients has not yet been reported to date.

Methods

In the current study, we evaluated comparative serum proteomics among SFTS patients (eight recovered patients and three deceased patients) with the goal of identifying the protein expression patterns associated with the clinical manifestations of SFTS.

Results

The proteomic results in the current study showed that the coagulation factor proteins, protein S and protein C, were statistically significantly downregulated among the deceased patients. Downregulation of the complement system as well as prolonged neutrophil activation were also observed. Additionally, the downstream proteins of tumour necrosis factor alpha, neutrophil-activating cytokine, and interleukin-1β, an inflammatory cytokine, were overexpressed.

Conclusions

Thrombocytopenia and multiple organ failure are the major immediate causes of death among SFTS patients. In this study, serum proteomic changes related to thrombocytopenia, abnormal immune response, and inflammatory activation were documented in SFTS patients. These findings provide useful information for understanding the clinical manifestations of SFTS.