bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PETROLOGI DAN ESTIMASI SUMBER DAYA BATUAN TANAH URUG PADA PADAWILAYAH EKSPLORASI DI DAERAH TAROKAN, KAB. KEDIRI, JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Widiatmoko Fajar Rizki , Fanani Yazid , Jone Yohanes , Talaohu Simela , Irwanto Muhammad Agus , Suryawan I Wayan Koko , Sari Mega Mutiara , Putri Ratih Hardini Kusuma
Published: November 2022

Kediri Regency is a potential area for mining minerals. One of the rock excavation materials found in Kediri Regency is the type of andesite and backfill. Backfill is a mineral as a result of weathering of the parent rock, which is rich in andesite fragments and silica elements. This research was conducted at the exploration location of Tarokan Village, Tarokan District, Kediri Regency. The study was conducted using petrological analysis to obtain rock types and estimates of the availability of these minerals at the research site. Based on the results of petrological analysis, it shows that the sample is a type of backfill and andesite. However, the presence of all samples was dominated by samples of backfill that were present in abundance in as much as 98 % of the total exploration area. Based on the results of the estimation of backfill resources from geological modeling and volumetric calculations from the triangulation concept at an elevation of 110-72 mdpl, the measured resource of the Sandy Tuff unit (TU) has a volume of 2,514,150 m3, based on the results of the analysis of the average rock density of 2.172 g/cm3, the tonnage of the sandy tuff unit is 5,460,734 tons, with the tonnage of backfill from tuff 4,203,659 tons, and andesite tonnage 1,257,075 tons.
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome: Oxidative Stress and Physical Exercise
Authors: Dal Bosco Adriane , Boeira Schedler Filipe , Raskopf Colares Josieli , Simões Dias Alexandre , Possa Marroni Norma
Published: November 2022

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) may be defined by hepatic disease, gas exchange abnormalities that may lead to hypoxaemia, and the presence of pulmonary vascular dilations. The balance between the many substances involved in vasodilation and vasoconstriction is regulated by the liver; thus, liver damage may generate systemic changes throughout the body. The pulmonary tissue may be damaged by reactive oxygen species or nitric oxide. Dyspnoea is the most frequent pulmonary symptom, caused by tissue damage, and may become worse when an individual exercises. In experimental research the surgical model of bile duct ligation is the optimal model to simulate the typical lung alterations present in HPS, which results in an increase in oxidative stress in hepatic and pulmonary tissues. In liver injury, the muscular system may also be damaged, for example sarcopenia may seriously aggravate cirrhosis and is associated with cirrhotic patient mortality. Muscular changes can be explained by the actions of myostatin and insulin-like growth factor and the increase in body levels of ammonia. As a result of impaired cardiopulmonary and muscular conditions, HPS patients may exhibit a low exercise tolerance, low muscle strength, and low functionality. Liver disease can contribute to HPS oxidative stress and is one of the main factors responsible for the reduction of gas exchange. Physical exercise can be performed as a way of modifying this pathophysiological state. Studies that have investigated physical exercise as a therapy for cirrhosis suggest that this approach may be beneficial for cirrhotic patients, primarily with regard to muscular and cardiorespiratory injuries.
Speculative Aetiology in Namwali Serpell’s The Old Drift: Towards a Decolonial Critique of History and Human
Authors: Cumpsty Rebekah
Published: November 2022

Namwali Serpell’s The Old Drift (2019) yokes together human, technological and ecological shifts in a sinister speculative register. While it seemingly corresponds to the posthuman Gothic, this framing is insufficient to describe gothic presentations of the postcolony where people are treated as inhuman surplus. Posthumanist approaches risk reinscribing the dehumanizing discourses that sustain coloniality as a social and environmental organization. The novel presents a two-fold decolonial critique. First, it irreverently rehearses Eurocentric Zambian history and the gothic tropes that enlivened it, only to decentre this account for a decolonial aetiology voiced by a mosquito hive mind. Second, given that history is a story of how the ‘human’ came to be, the figures of biological excess unsettle the colonial category ‘human.’ These interwoven strands of decolonial critique unseat colonial evolutionary teleology in favour of a plural, multispecies aetiology, best read through a decolonial ecoGothic lens that exposes coloniality as both an ecological and social project.
Decolonial Gothic: Beyond the Postcolonial in Gothic Studies
Authors: Duncan Rebecca
Published: November 2022

This article theorises decolonial Gothic as a novel approach to Gothic fiction from formerly colonised regions and communities. It responds to an emerging body of Gothic production, which situates itself in a world shaped by persistently racialised distributions of social and environmental precarity, and where colonial power is thus an enduring material reality. To address such fiction, the article proposes, requires a reassessment of the hauntological frameworks through which Gothic and the (post)colonial have hitherto been brought into contact. Forged in the cultural climate of late-twentieth-century postmodernity, these hinge on the assumption of an epochal break, which renders colonial history a thing of the past; thus, they fall short of narratives that engage with active formations of colonial power. Accordingly, the article outlines an alternative approach, positioning Gothic fiction in the context of the capitalist world-system, which – into the present – is structured by colonial categories of race, heteropatriarchal categories of gender, and instrumentalising discourses of nature as plunderable resource.
Diagnosis of Transient Brain Lesion in the Corpus Callosum Splenium in Emergency Service and Elucidation of Accompanying Conditions
Authors: Yılmaz Mehmet , Erenler Ali Kemal
Published: November 2022

Corpus Callosum Cytotoxic Lesion (CLOCCs) once rarely seen in the literature has been more often diagnosed in emergency services nowadays with widespread use of cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CLOCCs is defined as a clinical and radiological spectrum disorder. Patient’s neurological symptoms usually improve completely within 1 month after the onset of the disease without any sequel. This is generally associated with cytotoxic edema of the splenium corpus callosum. It is important investigate the primary causes that lead to this condition and start the appropriate treatment according to the real diagnosis. We present a case diagnosed as CLOCCs secondary to pneumonia upon admission to our emergency service.
Pseudosubarachnoid Hemorrhage on MRI: A potential pitfall
Authors: Karatağ Ozan , Kılınç Ali , Gültaç Bilge , Öztoprak İbrahim
Published: November 2022

Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) is one of the most effective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences in the diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, sometimes false positive or false negative results can occur. One of the reasons that can lead to erroneous interpretation is artifacts. Especially when metallic artifact occurs, hyperintensity may be observed in the subarachnoid space, similar to SAH. Although FLAIR hyperintensities in the sulci can be detected in many serious diseases, they are not always pathological. Artifact related hyperintensities, especially in cases with severe headache, may be mistakenly evaluated as SAH by a clinician or radiologist who is not well-experienced in MRI. However, it is extremely important to recognise these artifact related hyperintensities, to make a correct diagnosis and to prevent unnecessary interventions. In order to achieve this, the evaluation of all radiological images, especially SWI and GRE, is critical. Both radiologists and clinicians evaluating neuroradiological examinations should be knowledgeable about this subject and show maximum attention.
In this report, we present the radiological images of 4 cases of pseudosubarachnoid hemorrhage, one of which was caused by conductive EEG gel and the other three due to braces artifacts, who were admitted to the hospital with headache.
ROLE OF MASS COMMUNICATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Authors: Jaguessar Abhishek
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this research study was to explore the role and significance of mass communication in developing countries. Mass communication is defined as a process of collecting, sending, and receiving the information to masses and the channels employed during this process are known as mass media. There are different types of mass media ranging from print and broadcast media to outdoor and digital media. All types of mass media are considered to perform some vital functions ranging from surveillance, correlation, and cultural transmission to entertainment, sensationalization, mobilization, and validation. Apart from these functions, one of the most pivotal functions of mass media for both developed and developing economies is its inevitable role in encouraging development within the nations.
PENERAPAN DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS (DEA) PADA EVALUASI KINERJA PROGRAM STUDI
Authors: Purbaningtyas Rani
Published: November 2022

Evaluasi kinerja program studi merupakan kegiatan yang perlu dilakukan untuk terus meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan yang ada di dalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja program studi di Fakultas Teknik Universitas Bhayangkara Surabaya dengan menggunakan metode Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). DEA merupakan pendekatan non parametrik yang berbasis linear programming untuk mengevaluasi kinerja efisiensi dari suatu unit kerja atau Decision Making Unit (DMU). Variabel input yang digunakan terdiri dari jumlah dosen tetap, jumlah pendidikan dosen, jumlah mahasiswa aktif, serta data insentif publikasi karya ilmiah. Kemudian untuk variabel outputnya yang digunakan terdiri dari rata-rata indeks prestasi mahasiswa, publikasi karya ilmiah dosen serta jumlah pengabdian dosen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari pengujian 1 sampai pengujian 6 tidak berpengaruh terhadap evaluasi kinerja program studi sedangkan untuk pengujian 7 sampai pengujian 10 berpengaruh terhadap evaluasi kinerja program studi. Sehingga dari seluruh faktor input dan output yang digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja program studi di Fakultas Teknik Universitas Bhayangkara Surabaya yang berpengaruh adalah pembagian level kategori publikasi serta penggabungan IPK mahasiswa.
Comparison of two acidophilic sulfidogenic consortia for the treatment of acidic mine water
Authors: Frederico Tayná Diniz , Nancucheo Ivan , Santos Werica Colaço Barros , Oliveira Renato Renison Moreira , Buzzi Daniella Cardoso , Pires Eder Soares , Silva Patricia Magalhães Pereira , Lucheta Adriano Reis , Alves Joner Oliveira , Oliveira Guilherme Corrêa de , Bitencourt José Augusto Pires
Published: November 2022

Sulfate-reducing bioreactors are a biotechnological alternative for the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD). In this study, two separate bioreactors with pH and temperature-controlled (Bio I and II) were operated with two different acidophilic microbial consortia to determine their efficiencies in sulfate removal from a synthetic acidic mine water. The bioreactors were operated for 302 days in continuous flow mode under the same parameters: fed with a sulfate solution of ∼30 mM with a pH of 2.5, the temperature at 30°C, stirred gently at 40 rpm and using a continuous stream of nitrogen to help remove the H2S produced in the bioreactor. The glycerol consumption, acetate production, and sulfate removal were monitored throughout the course of the experiment. The community composition and potential metabolic functional groups were analyzed via 16S rRNA partial gene sequencing. Bio I consortium reduced the sulfate, achieving a range of sulfate concentration from 4.7 to 19 mM in the effluent liquor. The removal of sulfate in Bio II was between 5.6 and 18 mM. Both bioreactors’ communities showed the presence of the genus Desulfosporosinus as the main sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Despite differences in microbial composition, both bioreactors have similar potential metabolism, with a higher percentage of microorganisms that can use sulfate in respiration. Overall, both bioreactors showed similar performance in treating acidic mine water containing mostly sulfate using two different acidophilic sulfidogenic consortia obtained from different global locations.
Interaction of haemin with albumin-based macroporous cryogel: Adsorption isotherm and fluorescence quenching studies
Authors: Hajizadeh Solmaz , Dicko Cedric , Bülow Leif
Published: November 2022

Albumin-based cryogels for capturing haemin were synthesised by crosslinking different biomolecules, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ovalbumin (OVA). The impact of the protein and coupling agent concentrations on cryogel’s mechanical properties, swelling ratios and polymerisation yields, as well as autoclaving as a post-treatment on the cryogel, were studied. We found that BSA (50 mg/ml) and the crosslinker (N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, 46 mg/ml) formed a cryogel with optimum physical characteristics at a comparatively low protein concentration. The cryogel’s mechanical stability was increased using a double-layer cryogel approach by crosslinking the BSA proteins at subzero temperature inside an acrylamide and hydroxyethyl methacrylate premade cryogels. Batch binding and kinetic adsorption isotherms of haemin on the cryogels were assessed to evaluate their binding capacity toward the porphyrin molecule. The results showed that single-layer cryogels (BSA and OVA) had a higher capacity (∼0.68 mg/ml gel) and higher reaction rate constant towards haemin adsorption than double-layer gels. In contrast, the double-layer cryogels had higher mechanical strength than single-layer gels. The experimental results suggested that the cryogels followed the Freundlich model and the pseudo-second-order isotherm for batch adsorption and kinetics, respectively. The interaction between haemin and the gels was studied by fluorescence quenching. We found between 1.1 and 1.6 binding sites for different cryogels.
Development of an in vitro model to estimate mass transfer from the anterior cavity
Authors: Liu Tianyang , Ibeanu Nkiruka , Brocchini Steve , Khaw Peng Tee , Bouremel Yann , Awwad Sahar
Published: November 2022

Knowledge of drug mass transfer from the anterior chamber via the iris-lens barrier has important implications for the development of front of the eye medicines that can also deliver drugs to the vitreous cavity. Here, the design and evaluation of a novel in vitro model that estimates anterior clearance (CL) kinetics is described. To mimic some aspects of the human eye to aid with pharmaceutical modelling, the model incorporated a simulation of aqueous inflow from the ciliary inlet at the physiological flow rate, two CL elimination pathways [anterior hyaloid pathway and retina choroid sclera (RCS) pathway], human cavity dimensions and use of simulated vitreous fluid (SVF). An eye movement platform that incorporated 3 different eye movements (smooth pursuit, microsaccadic and saccadic) was tested against the control (no movement) to observe any difference in anterior kinetics profile and drug convection to the posterior cavity. Both timolol and brimonidine injected in the intracameral space were evaluated in the new in vitro prototype. An initial release study with one selected eye movement (smooth pursuit) with timolol (6.8 ± 0.4 µg, 30 μL) and brimonidine (15.3 ± 1.5 µg, 30 μL) showed half-life values of 105.3 and 97.8 min respectively in the anterior cavity (AC) space. Another study evaluated the effect of all eye movements against control with both drugs with higher doses of timolol (146.0 ± 39.1 μg, 25 μL) and brimonidine (134.5 ± 39.5 μg, 25 μL). The amounts of timolol in the back of the eye (RCS membrane and outflow) were 0.07 ± 0.05%, 1.36 ± 0.88%, 1.55 ± 1.03% and 0.98 ± 0.06% by 8 h with smooth pursuit, microsaccadic, saccadic and no movement respectively; whereas brimonidine amounts were 0.70 ± 0.21%, 0.94 ± 0.40%, 1.48 ± 1.02%, and 0.76 ± 0.33% respectively. A small amount of both drugs was seen in other compartments in the model (lens part, iris part, hyaloid membrane part and silicone cornea). These results indicate that this model can be used to determine transfer of small molecules via the iris-lens barrier to help optimise front of the eye formulations to treat tissues further back in the eye.
Enhancing cognitive combat readiness: Gamers’ Behaviours concentrating on convergent learning style, tacit-latent, and kinetic-active knowledge acquisitions
Authors: Sumiyana Sumiyana , Fajri Faridiah Aghadiati , Saputra Muhammad Adlin , Hadi Caraka
Published: November 2022

This study investigates gamers’ learning styles and knowledge acquisition behavioural patterns. It argues that gamers usually have different characteristics transforming themselves to gain distinctive competencies. In other words, this study mitigates gamers’ mechanistically distinctive attitudes and behaviours, enhancing their cognitive combat readiness, that they are on convergent learning style, tacit-latent, and kinetic-active knowledge acquisitions. Methodologically, it uses a field-experimental design using the “Clash Royale” game. Then, this research measures playing performances by average decks’ score, card collection, battle deck combinations, and the usage of gold and gems. Moreover, it collects gamer respondents using a purposive sampling method by identifying them on social media and then challenging them to play. This research finds that gamers acquire new knowledge to enhance their capabilities with convergent learning styles and familiarity with the tacit-latent and kinetic-active knowledge types. Thus, it demonstrates its attitude and behavioural validities because their inner motives construct themselves always to win the game matches genuinely. Hence, it explains that gamers generally are brilliant young individuals whose impact is to create their tactically contemporary style due to the learning cycle ending in that convergent style. Likewise, these gamers simultaneously seek flexibility to enhance the game kinetically or elastically. The authors reveal that gamers’ mental models show their learning styles and knowledge acquisition behaviours explained by their strong personalities, such as curious, workaholic, prestigious, and hedonic emotions.
Sperm-carried IGF2 downregulated the expression of mitogens produced by Sertoli cells: A paracrine mechanism for regulating spermatogenesis?
Authors: Cannarella Rossella , Mancuso Francesca , Arato Iva , Lilli Cinzia , Bellucci Catia , Gargaro Marco , Curto Roberto , Aglietti Maria C. , La Vignera Sandro , Condorelli Rosita A. , Luca Giovani , Calogero Aldo E.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) mRNA has been found in human and mouse spermatozoa. It is currently unknown whether the IGF2 protein is expressed in human spermatozoa and, if so, its possible role in the cross-talk between germ and Sertoli cells (SCs) during spermatogenesis.

Methods

To accomplish this, we analyzed sperm samples from four consecutive Caucasian men. Furthermore, to understand its role during the spermatogenetic process, porcine SCs were incubated with increasing concentrations (0.33, 3.33, and 10 ng/mL) of recombinant human IGF2 (rhIGF2) for 48 hours. Subsequently, the experiments were repeated by pre-incubating SCs with the non-competitive insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) inhibitor NVP-AEW541. The following outcomes were evaluated: 1) Gene expression of the glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), and stem cell factor (SCF) mitogens; 2) gene and protein expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and inhibin B; 3) SC proliferation.

Results

We found that the IGF2 protein was present in each of the sperm samples. IGF2 appeared as a cytoplasmic protein localized in the equatorial and post-acrosomal segment and with a varying degree of expression in each cell. In SCs, IGF2 significantly downregulated GDNF gene expression in a concentration-dependent manner. FGF2 and SCF were downregulated only by the highest concentration of IGF2. Similarly, IGF2 downregulated the FSHR gene and FSHR, AMH, and inhibin B protein expression. Finally, IGF2 significantly suppressed the SC proliferation rate. All these findings were reversed by pre-incubation with NVP-AEW541, suggesting an effect mediated by the interaction of IGF2 with the IGFR.

Conclusion

In conclusion, sperm IGF2 seems to downregulate the expression of mitogens, which are known to be physiologically released by the SCs to promote gonocyte proliferation and spermatogonial fate adoption. These findings suggest the presence of paracrine regulatory mechanisms acting on the seminiferous epithelium during spermatogenesis, by which germ cells can influence the amount of mitogens released by the SCs, their sensitivity to FSH, and their rate of proliferation.
Thyroid eye disease or Graves’ orbitopathy: What name to use, and why it matters
Authors: Wagner Lilly H. , Bradley Elizabeth A. , Tooley Andrea A. , Ren Yanhan , Rachmasari Kharisa N. , Stan Marius N.
Published: November 2022

There is currently no universally accepted name for inflammatory disease of the eye and orbit associated with thyroid autoimmune disease. Variability in terminology impedes the evaluation of scientific literature and clinical collaboration and can affect patients’ understanding of a disease process. The goals of this perspective article are 1. To compare the frequency of different terms used for eye disease associated with autoimmune thyroid disease in the scientific literature between 2000, 2010 and 2020 publications; 2. To investigate potential associations of terminology with author and journal specialty, and multidisciplinary vs. mono-disciplinary author teams; 3. To determine preferential terms used by professional societies; and 4. To propose standardized terminology based on our data analysis. The methods for this study included review of all English language articles listed in PubMed, with publication dates in the years 2000, 2010 and 2020, that included one of 6 terms currently used to describe eye disease associated with autoimmune thyroid disease. Characteristics pertaining to authors, journals, and article type were recorded. Results showed that the most used term in the 2000 literature was Graves’ Ophthalmopathy (61%). In the 2010 literature, Graves’ Orbitopathy (31%) became most common, followed by Graves’ Ophthalmopathy (30%). Between 2010 and 2020, thyroid eye disease (37%) became the most common term, followed by Graves’ Orbitopathy (35%). This perspective article proposes “thyroid eye disease” (TED) as the preferred name for this entity and discusses supporting terminology patterns and trends over time in scientific literature and in professional societies.
Role of cytotoxic T cells and PD-1 immune checkpoint pathway in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Banerjee Sohini , Nahar Uma , Dahiya Divya , Mukherjee Soham , Dey Pranab , Gupta Rijuneeta , Radotra Bishan , Sachdeva Naresh , Sood Ashwani , Bhadada Sanjay Kumar , Bhansali Anil
Published: November 2022

Background

Lymphocytic thyroiditis (LT) is frequently seen in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). However, the characteristic of these tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is not well understood.

Objective

We aim to define the TME of PTC cases by characterizing the TILs.

Design

This is a cross-sectional observational study.

Patients

We enrolled 29 PTC (23 having concurrent LT), 14 LT, and 13 hyperplastic nodules with LT (HN) patients from January 2016 to December 2020.

Measurements

Immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of CD8, FoxP3, PD-1, and PD-L1 was studied in PTC with LT and compared with HN. PD-1 and PD-L1 expression was correlated at the mRNA level by quantitative real-time PCR. Immunophenotyping of TILs was done in FNAC samples of PTC and LT by flow cytometry.

Results

IHC revealed the presence of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and FoxP3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) in 83% and 52% of PTC with LT cases, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis of the PTC samples revealed a significant abundance of CTL compared with Treg and a higher CTL with lower Treg counts compared with LT. On IHC, PD-1 positivity was noted in 56.5% of PTC with LT cases, while intermediate PD-L1 positivity was found in 70% of the cases. There was a significant upregulation of PD-1 mRNA in PTC with LT. A significant correlation was noted with PD-L1 expression with lymph node metastasis and presence of Treg cells.

Conclusions

Increased expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in the TME of PTC may provide a potential molecular mechanism for tumor survival despite the predominance of CTLs, possibly through their inactivation or exhaustion.
Sea surface temperature retrieval based on simulated space-borne one-dimensional multifrequency synthetic aperture microwave radiometry
Authors: Guo Chaogang , Ai Weihua , Liu Maohong , Feng Mengyan , Qiao Junqi , Hu Shensen
Published: November 2022

The space-borne one-dimensional multifrequency synthetic aperture microwave radiometer (1D-MSAMR) offers new possibilities for detecting high spatial resolution sea surface temperature (SST). To achieve higher SST retrieval accuracy, an SST retrieval algorithm, the two-step retrieval algorithm (TSSR), is proposed based on the multiple linear regression (MLR) algorithm. In this study, we investigated the SST retrieval accuracy of 1D-MSAMR based on simulation experiments. For the study, we assumed that the frequencies of the 1D-MSAMR were 6.9, 10.65, 18.7, 23.8, and 36.5 GHz, and that all frequencies worked in a dual polarization (vertical and horizontal) manner. We used an ocean-atmosphere microwave radiation brightness temperature model and the 1D-MSAMR simulator to simulate the measured brightness temperature based on WindSat data provided by the Remote Sensing Systems (RSS). An MLR algorithm and the TSSR were then developed to retrieve the SST within the incidence angle range of 0°–65°. The results show that the SST retrieval errors of the two SST retrieval algorithms decreased with the increase of incidence angle. The TSSR had higher retrieval accuracy, especially at low incidence angle. The average retrieval accuracy of the TSSR was about 0.3 K higher than that of the MLR algorithm. The retrieval error of the TSSR was also less sensitive to the measurement error of the 6.9 GHz frequency than the MLR algorithm.
UAV trajectory planning based on an improved sparrow optimization algorithm with multi-strategy integration
Authors: Yang Yu , He Qing , Yang Liu
Published: November 2022

Real-time monitoring of urban high-altitude data is an important goal in the construction and development of smart cities today. However, with the development of modern cities, the monitoring space becomes complicated and narrow because of the different building heights and no-fly zones, which makes UAV trajectory planning more difficult. In this paper, a multi-strategy sparrow search algorithm (MSSA) is proposed to solve the UAV trajectory planning problem in a three-dimensional environment. The algorithm aims to minimize the flight distance and maximize the use efficiency of the UAV. First, the improved algorithm employed a reverse-learning strategy based on the law of refraction to improve the search range and enhance the optimization performance. Second, we introduced a random step size generated by Levy flight into the position update strategy of the participant. The algorithm accuracy and speed of convergence were improved by the randomness feature. Finally, the algorithm incorporated the Cauchy mutation to improve the scout position, which enhanced its ability to jump out of the local optimum of the algorithm. Sixteen benchmark test functions, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and 30 CEC2014 test function optimization results demonstrated that MSSA had better optimization accuracy, convergence speed, and robustness than the comparison algorithms. In addition, the proposed algorithm was applied to the UAV trajectory planning problem in different complex 3D environments. The results confirmed that the MSSA outperformed the other algorithms in complex 3D trajectory planning problems.
Unusual occurrence of domestication syndrome amongst African mole-rats: Is the naked mole-rat a domestic animal?
Authors: Serrano Nájera Guillermo , Kin Koryu
Published: November 2022

The Naked mole-rat (NMR) is becoming a prominent model organism due to its peculiar traits, such as eusociality, extreme longevity, cancer resistance, and reduced pain sensitivity. It belongs to the African mole-rats (AMR), a family of subterranean rodents that includes solitary, cooperative breeding and eusocial species. We identified and quantified the domestication syndrome (DS) across AMR, a set of morphological and behavioural traits significantly more common and pronounced amongst domesticated animals than in their wild counterparts. Surprisingly, the NMR shows apparent DS traits when compared to the solitary AMR. Animals can self-domesticate when a reduction of the fear response is naturally selected, such as in islands with no predators, or to improve the group’s harmony in cooperative breeding species. The DS may be caused by alterations in the physiology of the neural crest cells (NCC), a transient population of cells that generate a full range of tissues during development. The NCC contribute to organs responsible for transmitting the fear response and various other tissues, including craniofacial bones. Therefore, mutations affecting the NCC can manifest as behavioural and morphological alterations in many structures across the body, as seen in neurocristopathies. We observed that all social AMRs are chisel-tooth diggers, an adaption to hard soils that requires the flattening of the skull. We hypothesise that chisel-tooth digging could impose a selective pressure on the NCC that triggered the DS’s appearance, possibly facilitating the evolution of sociality. Finally, we discuss how DS traits are neutral or beneficial for the subterranean niche, strategies to test this hypothesis and report well-studied mutations in the NMR that are associated with the NCC physiology or with the control of the fear response. In conclusion, we argue that many of the NMR’s unconventional traits are compatible with the DS and provide a hypothesis about its origins. Our model proposes a novel avenue to enhance the understanding of the extraordinary biology of the NMR.
Case Report: Long-term observations from the tacrolimus weaning randomized clinical trial depicts the challenging aspects for determination of low-immunological risk patients
Authors: Masset Christophe , Dantal Jacques , Soulillou Jean-Paul , Walencik Alexandre , Delbos Florent , Brouard Sophie , Giral Magali ,   the Nantes DIVAT Consortium
Published: November 2022

Whilst calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) are the cornerstone of immunosuppressive maintenance therapy in kidney transplantation, several studies have investigated the safety of CNI withdrawal in order to avoid their numerous side effects. In this context, we performed several years ago a clinical randomized trial evaluating CNI weaning in stable kidney transplant recipients without anti-HLA immunization. The trial was interrupted prematurely due to a high number of de novo DSA (dnDSA) and biopsy proven acute rejection (BPAR) in patients who underwent tacrolimus weaning, resulting in treatment for rejection and resumption of tacrolimus. We report here the long-term outcomes of patients included in this clinical trial. Ten years after randomization, all patients are alive with a functional allograft. They all receive tacrolimus therapy except one with recurrent cutaneous neoplasia issues. Long-term eGFR was comparable between patients of the two randomized groups (46.4 ml/min vs 42.8 ml/min). All dnDSA that occurred during the study period became non-detectable and all rejections episodes were reversed. The retrospective assessment of HLA DQ single molecule epitope mismatching determined that a majority of patients who developed dnDSA after tacrolimus withdrawal would have been considered at high immunological risk. Minimization of immunosuppression remains a challenging objective, mainly because of the issues to properly select very low immunological risk patients. Valuable improvements have been made the last decade regarding evaluation of the allograft rejection notably through the determination of numerous at-risk biomarkers. However, even if the impact of such tools still need to be clarify in clinical routine, they may permit an improvement in patients’ selection for immunosuppression minimization without increasing the risk of allograft rejection.
Application of a damage constitutive model to pile–slope stability analysis
Authors: Jiang Jian-Hong , Huang Xi-Long , Shu Xiao-Rui , Ning Xiao , Qu Yan , Xiong Wei-Lin
Published: November 2022

Piles were regarded as elastic materials in the traditional numerical simulation. The elastic pile would not reflect the damage of the pile in engineering, which would misjudge the reinforcement effect of piles on slopes. The specific objective of this study was to propose a damage constitutive model to replace the traditional elastic constitutive model in the numerical analysis of pile–slope stability. In this study, the pile was simulated by a damage constitutive model, which can reflect the plastic deformation of the pile. The factors of pile position and reinforcement ratio on a slope’s factor of safety (FOS) are investigated by the finite difference method using FLAC3D. The lateral displacement, bending moment, shear force, and soil pressure of balance-reinforced piles are used to study the difference between damage and elastic constitutive models. The results showed that the FOS considering the damage constitutive model could be smaller, approximately 15% less than that considering an elastic constitutive model under specific conditions. Furthermore, the difference between the two evaluation results of the internal force of the same pile can reach about 30%. It was observed that the elastic constitutive model would overestimate the reinforcement effect of the pile on the slope, which will cause potential safety hazards in engineering. This study provides a realistic damage constitutive model for the design and evaluation of slope-stabilizing piles.
Non-reciprocal piezoelectric metamaterials with tunable mode shapes
Authors: Baz Amr
Published: November 2022

The mode shapes of piezoelectric metamaterials are tuned by manipulating spatially the electrical boundary conditions of the piezo-elements, in a desired and controlled manner, in order to tailor the wave propagation characteristics through these metamaterials. The boundary conditions of the piezo-elements are controlled by using inductive shunting networks. With appropriate tuning and optimization of the spatial distribution of these inductive boundary conditions, it would be possible to alter the mode shape characteristics of the metamaterial in order to control the magnitude and direction of wave propagation. This enables also breaking the reciprocity characteristics of the metamaterial in a controlled manner. A finite element model (FEM) is developed to model the mode shape characteristics and the wave propagation in a one-dimensional piezo-metamaterial. The effect of various shunting strategies on the spatial control of the mode shapes, energy flow, and reciprocity characteristics of the piezo-metamaterial are investigated. The presented work lays down the foundation for two and three-dimensional metamaterial with tunable mode shape characteristics.
Taxonomic and predicted functional signatures reveal linkages between the rumen microbiota and feed efficiency in dairy cattle raised in tropical areas
Authors: Fregulia Priscila , Campos Mariana Magalhães , Dias Roberto Júnio Pedroso , Liu Junhong , Guo Wei , Pereira Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro , Machado Marco Antônio , Faza Daniele Ribeiro de Lima Reis , Guan Le Luo , Garnsworthy Phil C. , Neves André Luis Alves
Published: November 2022

Ruminants digest plant biomass more efficiently than monogastric animals due to their symbiotic relationship with a complex microbiota residing in the rumen environment. What remains unclear is the relationship between the rumen microbial taxonomic and functional composition and feed efficiency (FE), especially in crossbred dairy cattle (Holstein x Gyr) raised under tropical conditions. In this study, we selected twenty-two F1 Holstein x Gyr heifers and grouped them according to their residual feed intake (RFI) ranking, high efficiency (HE) (n= 11) and low efficiency (LE) (n= 11), to investigate the effect of FE on the rumen microbial taxa and their functions. Rumen fluids were collected using a stomach tube apparatus and analyzed using amplicon sequencing targeting the 16S (bacteria and archaea) and 18S (protozoa) rRNA genes. Alpha-diversity and beta-diversity analysis revealed no significant difference in the rumen microbiota between the HE and LE animals. Multivariate analysis (sPLS-DA) showed a clear separation of two clusters in bacterial taxonomic profiles related to each FE group, but in archaeal and protozoal profiles, the clusters overlapped. The sPLS-DA also revealed a clear separation in functional profiles for bacteria, archaea, and protozoa between the HE and LE animals. Microbial taxa were differently related to HE (e.g.,HowardellaandShuttleworthia) and LE animals (e.g.,EremoplastronandMethanobrevibacter), and predicted functions were significatively different for each FE group (e.g., K03395—signaling and cellular process was strongly related to HE animals, and K13643—genetic information processing was related to LE animals). This study demonstrates that differences in the rumen microbiome relative to FE ranking are not directly observed from diversity indices (Faith’s Phylogenetic Diversity, Pielou’s Evenness, Shannon’s diversity, weighted UniFrac distance, Jaccard index, and Bray–Curtis dissimilarity), but from targeted identification of specific taxa and microbial functions characterizing each FE group. These results shed light on the role of rumen microbial taxonomic and functional profiles in crossbred Holstein × Gyr dairy cattle raised in tropical conditions, creating the possibility of using the microbial signature of the HE group as a biological tool for the development of biomarkers that improve FE in ruminants.
Soil mycobiome in sustainable agriculture
Authors: Frąc Magdalena , Hannula Emilia Silja , Bełka Marta , Salles Joana Falcao , Jedryczka Malgorzata
Published: November 2022

The soil microbiome contributes to several ecosystem processes. It plays a key role in sustainable agriculture, horticulture and forestry. In contrast to the vast number of studies focusing on soil bacteria, the amount of research concerning soil fungal communities is limited. This is despite the fact that fungi play a crucial role in the cycling of matter and energy on Earth. Fungi constitute a significant part of the pathobiome of plants. Moreover, many of them are indispensable to plant health. This group includes mycorrhizal fungi, superparasites of pathogens, and generalists; they stabilize the soil mycobiome and play a key role in biogeochemical cycles. Several fungal species also contribute to soil bioremediation through their uptake of high amounts of contaminants from the environment. Moreover, fungal mycelia stretch below the ground like blood vessels in the human body, transferring water and nutrients to and from various plants. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing combined with bioinformatic tools have facilitated detailed studies of the soil mycobiome. This review discusses the beneficial effects of soil mycobiomes and their interactions with other microbes and hosts in both healthy and unhealthy ecosystems. It may be argued that studying the soil mycobiome in such a fashion is an essential step in promoting sustainable and regenerative agriculture.
Non-charismatic waterbodies and ecosystem disservices: Mine pit lakes are underrepresented in the literature
Authors: Bernasconi Rachele , Lund Mark A. , Blanchette Melanie L.
Published: November 2022

Pit lakes are one of the greatest legacies of open-cut mining. Despite the potential hazards of these lakes, they represent newly formed ecosystems with great scientific and ecological potential. Although thousands of pit lakes occur on every inhabited continent, with more being created, the microbial ecology of pit lakes is relatively under-researched. We evaluated the current state of microbial research in pit lakes by performing a Web of Science search and creating a literature database. Study lakes were categorized according to location and water quality (pH and conductivity) which is a key community and environmental concern. Research technology employed in the study was also categorized. We compared research effort in lakes, rivers, and streams which are the more “charismatic” inland aquatic ecosystems. Pit lake publications on microbes from 1987 to 2022 (n = 128) were underrepresented in the literature relative to rivers and streams (n = 321) and natural lakes (n = 948). Of the 128 pit lake publications, 28 were within the field of geochemistry using indirect measures of microbial activity. Most pit lake microbial research was conducted in a few acidic lakes in Germany due to social pressure for remediation and government initiative. Relatively few studies have capitalized on emerging technology. Pit lake microbial research likely lags other more charismatic ecosystems given that they are viewed as performing “ecosystem disservices,” but this is socially complex and requires further research. Improving understanding of microbial dynamics in pit lakes will allow scientists to deliver safer pit lakes to communities.
Development and validation of a system for the prediction of challenging behaviors of people with autism spectrum disorder based on a smart wearable shirt: A mixed-methods design
Authors: Zwilling Moti , Romano Alberto , Hoffman Hay , Lotan Meir , Tesler Riki
Published: November 2022

Background

Most people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) present at least one form of challenging behavior (CB), causing reduced life quality, social interactions, and community-based service inclusion.

Objectives

The current study had two objectives: (1) to assess the differences in physiological reaction to stressful stimuli between adults with and without high-functioning ASD; (2) to develop a system able to predict the incoming occurrence of a challenging behaviors (CBs) in real time and inform the caregiver that a CB is about to occur; (3) to evaluate the acceptability and usefulness of the developed system for users with ASD and their caregivers.

Methods

Comparison between physiological parameters will be conducted by enrolling two groups of 20 participants with and without ASD monitored while watching a relaxing and disturbing video. To understand the variations of the parameters that occur before the CB takes place, 10 participants with ASD who have aggressive or disruptive CBs will be monitored for 7 days. Then, an ML algorithm capable of predicting immediate CB occurrence based on physiological parameter variations is about to be developed. After developing the application-based algorithm, an efficient proof of concept (POC) will be carried out on one participant with ASD and CB. A focus group, including health professionals, will test the POC to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the developed system.

Results

Higher stress level is anticipated in the group of people with ASD looking at the disturbing video than in the typically developed peers. From the obtained data, the developed algorithm is used to predict CBs that are about to occur in the upcoming 1 min. A high level of satisfaction with the proposed technology and useful consideration for further developments are expected to emerge from the focus group.

Clinical trial registration

[https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [NCT05340608].
Diagnosis and treatment of brain injury complicated by hypernatremia
Authors: Wu Hao , Bai Ming , Li Xiayin , Xing Yan , Sun Shiren
Published: November 2022

Hypernatremia is a common electrolyte disorder in patients with brain injury. The mortality of brain injury patients with severe hypernatremia may be as high as 86.8%. The efficacy of conventional treatment for hypernatremia is limited. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) can slowly, controllably, and continuously reduce the blood sodium concentration and gradually become an important treatment for severe hypernatremia patients. This review aims to provide important information for clinicians and clinical researchers by describing the etiology, diagnosis, hazards, conventional treatment, and CRRT treatment of hypernatremia in patients with traumatic brain injury.
Optically pumped magnetometers detect altered maximal muscle activity in neuromuscular disease
Authors: Semeia Lorenzo , Middelmann Thomas , Baek Sangyeob , Sometti Davide , Chen Hui , Grimm Alexander , Lerche Holger , Martin Pascal , Kronlage Cornelius , Braun Christoph , Broser Philip , Siegel Markus , Breu Maria-Sophie , Marquetand Justus
Published: November 2022

Optically pumped magnetometers (OPM) are quantum sensors that enable the contactless, non-invasive measurement of biomagnetic muscle signals, i.e., magnetomyography (MMG). Due to the contactless recording, OPM-MMG might be preferable to standard electromyography (EMG) for patients with neuromuscular diseases, particularly when repetitive recordings for diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring are mandatory. OPM-MMG studies have focused on recording physiological muscle activity in healthy individuals, whereas research on neuromuscular patients with pathological altered muscle activity is non-existent. Here, we report a proof-of-principle study on the application of OPM-MMG in patients with neuromuscular diseases. Specifically, we compare the muscular activity during maximal isometric contraction of the left rectus femoris muscle in three neuromuscular patients with severe (Transthyretin Amyloidosis in combination with Pompe’s disease), mild (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 2), and without neurogenic, but myogenic, damage (Myotonia Congenita). Seven healthy young participants served as the control group. As expected, and confirmed by using simultaneous surface electromyography (sEMG), a time-series analysis revealed a dispersed interference pattern during maximal contraction with high amplitudes. Furthermore, both patients with neurogenic damage (ATTR and CMT2) showed a reduced variability of the MMG signal, quantified as the signal standard deviation of the main component of the frequency spectrum, highlighting the reduced possibility of motor unit recruitment due to the loss of motor neurons. Our results show that recording pathologically altered voluntary muscle activity with OPM-MMG is possible, paving the way for the potential use of OPM-MMG in larger studies to explore the potential benefits in clinical neurophysiology.