bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Современное состояние голо- и меропланктона Азовского моря в период формирования ледового покрова
Authors: Селифонова Ж. П.
Published: July 2019

Азовское море относится к внутренним замерзающим морским водоёмам. Зимний период считается одним из важнейших сезонов для понимания закономерностей функционирования и формирования продуктивности экосистемы Азовского моря. Между тем голо- и меропланктон в период формирования ледового покрова в водоёме исследован не полно. За последние годы в Азовское море вселилось несколько чужеродных видов, среди них ― арктические виды многощетинковых червей, которые в своем развитии имеют стадию пелагической личинки. Цель работы ― изучение таксономического состава и обилия зимнего голо- и меропланктона Азовского моря в декабре 2018 г. Материалом для исследования послужили сборы зоопланктона в Таганрогском и Темрюкском заливах Азовского моря в период формирования сезонного ледового покрова. Пробы зоопланктона собирали 3–14 декабря при температуре от 0 до +3 °C на 14 станциях, 9 из которых выполнены в Таганрогском заливе (район порта Ейск) в трёхкратной повторности, а 5 ― в Темрюкском заливе (каждая — однократно). Зоопланктон собирали большой сетью Джеди (диаметр входного отверстия ― 37 см, размер ячеи ― 120 мкм). Тотальные ловы проводили на глубинах от 4 до 8 м. Пробы фиксировали 2–4%-ным раствором нейтрального формальдегида и обрабатывали в лабораторных условиях по стандартной методике. Биомассу вычисляли по таблицам средних масс организмов. Результаты показали, что при аналогичных температурных условиях плотность организмов голо- и меропланктона в Таганрогском заливе была в четыре раза выше, чем в Темрюкском заливе. Зимний подлёдный зоопланктон представлен двумя группами организмов ― нативными эвритермными формами голопланктона и личинками полихет. В составе каляноидных копепод доминировал, как и прежде, эвригалинный понто-каспийский вид Eurytemora affinis (Poppe, 1880). Вместе с тем видовой состав зимнего меропланктона Азовского моря существенно изменился в сравнении с таковым периода до 2014 г. В Таганрогском заливе при температуре воды 0…+1,2 °C зарегистрирована необычайно высокая плотность личинок полихет рода Marenzelleria ― недавнего вселенца в Азовское море (118–119,9 тыс. экз.·м-3). Впервые отмечен пик численности зоопланктона (128,9–136,7 тыс. экз.·м-3) в зимний сезон. Подлёдный зимний максимум численности личинок многощетинкового червя рода Marenzelleria был в 4–6 раз выше показателей обилия меропланктона, ранее отмечаемых в июне, наиболее продуктивном месяце года. Натурализация многощетинковых червей рода Marenzelleria может привести к коренной перестройке азовоморской экосистемы и к увеличению её продуктивности. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования фенологии личиночных стадий этих полихет в водоёме.
Пространственная вариабельность и пищевые характеристики популяций желетелых в акватории Крыма в летний период
Authors: Финенко Г. А. , Дацык Н. А. , Игнатьев С. М. , Аннинский Б. Е.
Published: July 2019

Численность, биомасса, размерная структура популяций желетелых хищников [медуза Aurelia aurita Linnaeus, 1758; гребневики Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865 и Pleurobrachia pileus (O. F. Müller, 1776)] и интенсивность питания двух видов (A. aurita и M. leidyi) исследованы в раннелетний период (июнь) 2016 г. на 45 станциях, охватывавших зону шельфа у берегов Крыма от м. Тарханкут до г. Керчи, а также на 3 станциях глубоководного района с координатами 44°23′N–45°5′N и 32°22′E–36°36′E. Сбор материала проводили вертикальными тралениями от дна (10–100 м) до поверхности на шельфовых станциях и от глубины с σt = 16,2 до поверхности ― на глубоководных, используя модифицированную сеть Богорова ― Расса с диаметром входного отверстия 80 см и ячеëй 500 мкм. Спектр питания определяли под микроскопом в лаборатории сразу после вылова животных, рассчитывая впоследствии суточные рационы и скорость выедания зоопланктона. Установлены пространственные различия в биомассе и численности отдельных видов: максимальная биомасса A. aurita, преобладавшей во всех районах, отмечена в Евпаторийско-Севастопольском районе и обусловлена большими скоплениями среднеразмерных особей новой генерации. Гребневик P. pileus доминировал по численности в районе халистазы. Пищевой спектр медуз был очень разнообразен и включал различные стадии Copepoda, Tunicata, Cladocera, а также меропланктонные организмы ― велигеров Bivalvia и Gastropoda. Халистатическая зона с большими глубинами характеризовалась максимальным количеством видов планктонных Copepoda в пище A. aurita. Среднесуточные рационы медуз, рассчитанные по содержанию пищи в гастральной полости и по времени переваривания, изменялись в широких пределах от района к району. Самыми низкими показатели были в Каркинитском заливе [(0,113 ± 0,10) мг C·экз.-1·сут-1, или (1,6 ± 2,18) % C тела], где большую долю пищи составляли водоросли Coscinodiscus granii Gough, 1905. Наиболее интенсивно питались животные в халистатической области [(0,687 ± 0,094) мг C·экз.-1·сут-1, или (56,2 ± 23,7) % C тела], в пище преобладали Calanus euxinus Hulsemann, 1991 и Pseudocalanus elongatus Boeck, 1865. Ни в одном из районов A. aurita не могла компенсировать затраты на дыхание за счёт потребления мезозоопланктона. Наибольший пресс на зоопланктон оказывала популяция медуз в Каркинитском заливе и в Евпаторийско-Севастопольском районе, хотя во всех исследованных районах её пресс был очень низок и не приводил к кардинальному сокращению численности зоопланктонного сообщества.
Um conselho de políticas públicas e o cárcere: o Conselho estadual de Política Criminal e Penitenciária de São Paulo e o ‘accountability’ em direitos humanos de pessoas presas
Authors: Ferreira Otávio Dias de Souza
Published: July 2019

O Conselho de Política Criminal e Penitenciária (CEPCP) de São Paulo é um colegiado que pertence ao organograma institucional da Secretaria de Administração Penitenciária estadual. Foi fundado em 1987 e conta com composição plural e mista com potencial de proporcionar alguma abertura democrática no aparato estatal do sistema prisional. O trabalho investiga como a concepção do órgão no pós redemocratização permite um espaço novo para atores coletivos da sociedade civil no sistema prisional. Trata-se de um arranjo institucional com atribuições consultivas que dá aos membros a prerrogativa de visitar estabelecimentos prisionais. Os resultados da pesquisa destacam limitações em relação ao desenho institucional e à falta de autonomia do órgão em relação à instituição sobre a qual deveriam exercer controles. Por outro lado, observamos algumas virtudes e potencialidades do arranjo, especialmente para atores da sociedade civil, no que tange ao acesso a informações valiosas sobre o sistema prisional e sobre as atividades dos demais atores.
Evaluación y diagnóstico imagenológico de las reabsorciones radiculares internas: una revisión de literatura
Authors: Guerra Santa Cruz Bianca
Published: July 2019

La reabsorción radicular interna es la pérdida de dentina intrarradicular por acción odontoclástica. El proceso es causado principalmente por una infección crónica, trauma, avulsión o reimplantación. La reabsorción radicular interna se clasifica en inflamatoria y de reemplazo, ambas implican pérdida de dentina radicular; la reabsorción radicular de reemplazo es la respuesta a una reparación frustrada de la reabsorción radicular inflamatoria, con la posterior deposición de un tejido duro metaplásico. Se ha demostrado la superioridad de la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico en el diagnóstico de las cavidades pequeñas de RRI, aunque no todas las imágenes de la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico ofrecen la misma resolución. Además del protocolo FOV en la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico, el tamaño de vóxel puede influenciar también en el diagnóstico de las reabsorciones radiculares internas. Imágenes 2D de cavidades grandes de reabsorción radicular interna (mayores a 0,6 mm de diámetro) han demostrado igual sensibilidad y especificidad en comparación con las imágenes 3D. Actualmente, no existen protocolos para la adquisición imagenológica de las diferentes condiciones de las reabsorciones radiculares internas.
Evaluación del espesor de la cresta infracigomática para la colocación de minitornillos mediante tomografía computarizada de haz cónico
Authors: Agudelo Botero Ana María
Published: July 2019

Introducción: Para colocar miniimplantes de anclaje ortodóncico es necesario evaluar el hueso en el sitio de implantación. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la existencia de hueso infracigomático midiendo la altura y el espesor a nivel de la raíz mesiovestibular del segundo molar superior, a 2, 4 y 6 mm de la cresta alveolar, utilizando la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (TCHC). Método: Se revisaron 127 TCHC de sujetos entre 17 a 75 años. Se determinó la existencia de hueso basados en el criterio de altura y presencia de contacto entre raíz y cortical. Cuando la altura de la cresta infracigomática era > 10 mm se tomaban medidas de espesor a 2, 4, y 6 mm de la cresta alveolar, y se compararon por género. Resultados: De 127 TCHC se midió la altura de la cresta solo en 70 TCHC. El intervalo del 95% de confianza para esta medida fue de 8,64 a 9,76 mm, pero solamente en 28 (40%) era > 10mm. Las medidas de espesor se tomaron solamente en esos 28 casos, obteniendo un promedio de 9,2 mm, 8,3 mm y 6,6 mm cuando se midió a 2, 4 y 6 mm, respectivamente. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre géneros. Conclusiones: Tanto la apreciación cualitativa del hueso como las mediciones de altura y espesor de la cresta infracigomática indican que la región a nivel del segundo molar superior no es un sitio seguro para la colocación de minitornillos.
Métodos de diagnóstico y tratamiento actuales de la osteoartritis de la articulación temporomandibular: una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Lucero Llerena Fernández Elsa , Ortiz Culca Fernando Alfonso
Published: July 2019

Este artículo involucra una revisión de los factores etiológicos asociados a la osteoartritis (OA) de la articulación temporomandibular (ATM), así como los hallazgos imagenológicos, los cuales son indispensables para el diagnóstico y la determinación de la etapa de evolución de esta patología. Además, se discuten los métodos de tratamiento invasivos y no invasivos. Los objetivos del presente artículo fueron describir los métodos de diagnóstico y tratamiento más actuales y eficientes para la osteoartritis de la articulación temporomandibular, y determinar la existencia de la correlación clínica e imagenológica en las diferentes etapas de esta patología. A partir de una revisión de la literatura, se encontró que el método de diagnóstico más relevante para la OA de la ATM es la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (TCHC), por sus múltiples ventajas. El método de tratamiento más eficiente durante la etapa sintomatológica de la enfermedad es la artrocentesis sinergizada con ácido hialurónico o plasma rico en plaquetas. Cabe resaltar que no se encontraron correlaciones directas suficientes entre los cambios óseos y la sintomatología clínica de la OA de ATM empleando la TCHC.
Hipomineralización incisivo molar y factores etiológicos ambientales. Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Solís-Espinoza María , Alarcón-Calle Catherine Sharlot
Published: July 2019

La etiología de la hipomineralización incisivo-molar (HIM) aún no está totalmente definida, por lo que el objetivo del presente artículo fue hacer una revisión de la literatura de los posibles factores etiológicos asociados. Se realizó una búsqueda inicial en las bases de datos Elsevier, EBSCO, PubMed y Medline usando las siguientes palabras clave: molar incisor hypomineralisation, hypoplasia, dental enamel defects epidemiology, etiology. Se incluyeron artículos en inglés y español, estudios epidemiológicos de casos y controles de HIM, descripción del método de diagnóstico y registro, y descripción del factor asociado, publicados entre 1987 y 2018. Tomando en consideración 40 artículos que cumplían con los criterios de búsqueda. Se dividieron los factores etiológicos encontrados en tres etapas: prenatal, perinatal y posnatal. La causa exacta aún no está del todo definida, pero con base en los estudios tenemos indicios que nos podrían ayudar a prevenir este tipo de defectos. Sin embargo, son necesarios más estudios longitudinales para poder determinar la etiología exacta de esta alteración en la formación dental, mientras tanto los médicos pediatras y odontopediatras deben estar conscientes que el manejo temprano y adecuado de estas del HIM es importante.
Factores genéticos asociados a la hipomineralización incisivo-molar. Revisión de literatura
Authors: Hinostroza Izaguirre María Cristina , Abal Perleche Dessire Milagros
Published: July 2019

La hipomineralización del incisivo molar (HIM) es un defecto cualitativo del esmalte dental que afecta a los primeros molares permanentes y, a menudo, en asociación con los incisivos permanentes. Con respecto a su etiología, algunos factores pueden estar asociados a su desarrollo, tales como complicaciones prenatales, perinatales y posnatales, y actualmente se considera la predisposición genética. El control genético del desarrollo dental representa una serie compleja de eventos y las mutaciones ocasionales en los genes que codifican las proteínas del esmalte pueden causar alteraciones que afectan las vías moleculares, es por ello que la amelogénesis está bajo un control genético estricto. Actualmente, existe poca evidencia sobre la influencia de las variaciones genéticas en los genes que codifican las proteínas de la matriz del esmalte en la aparición de defectos del esmalte del desarrollo. Por lo tanto, el propósito de esta revisión de la literatura es dar a conocer una revisión actualizada sobre los factores genéticos asociados a la aparición de hipomineralización incisivo-molar.
Morfometría del seno maxilar para estimar el sexo
Authors: Umeres Alvis Milagros
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la morfometría de senos maxilares mediante tomografía computarizada médica en la estimación del sexo. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de tipo descriptivo, observacional, transversal y retrospectivo, en 68 tomografías computarizadas médicas de senos paranasales del Servicio de Diagnóstico por Imágenes del Hospital de Emergencias III Grau, 44 del sexo femenino y 24 del sexo masculino. Se realizó la observación de las tomografías en sus cortes axial y coronal y el registro de sus dimensiones para hallar su exactitud en la estimación del sexo. Resultados: Las dimensiones de altura y profundidad fueron relevantes para estimar el sexo. A través del análisis de función discriminante se precisó que la altura de ambos senos maxilares y el volumen del lado izquierdo son las que más diferencian la muestra (72%, 70,59% y 70,59%, respectivamente) con p < 0,05 (valor de significancia estadística). Conclusiones: La morfometría de senos maxilares puede determinar el sexo hasta con un 58,8% de exactitud utilizando todas sus dimensiones y un 72% solo con la dimensión de altura.
Comparación del efecto antibacteriano de un extracto etanólico de propóleo a dos concentraciones y del paramonoclorofenol alcanforado frente a Enterococcus faecalis y Fusobacterium nucleatum
Authors: Torres Mantilla José Diego
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: Comparar el efecto antibacteriano in vitro de un extracto etanólico de propoleo a dos concentraciones frente a Enterococcus faecalis ATCC: 29212 y Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC: 25586 con el paramonoclorofenol alcanforado (PMCFA). Materiales y método: Se incluyeron dos grupos de 15 placas Petri con cepas activadas de Enterococcus faecalis y Fusobacterium nucleatum. Se elaboró un extracto etanólico a partir de propoleo (EEP), proveniente de la provincia de Oxapampa (Perú), y se diluyo a concentraciones del 20% y el 30%. Se comparó su efecto antibacteriano frente al PMCFA, usando clorhexidina al 2% como control positivo y agua destilada como control negativo; mediante el método de Kirby-Bauer, en un periodo de 7 días para Fusobacterium nucleatum y 24 y 48 horas para Enterococcus faecalis. Se realizó el análisis estadístico mediante el programa SPSS versión 21. Resultados: Frente a Enterococcus faecalis se obtuvieron halos de 10,32 mm, 14,23 mm y 9,10 mm a las 24 horas y halos de 11 mm, 14,96 mm y 8,94 mm a las 48 horas, para las concentraciones de EEP al 20%, el 30% y el PMCFA, respectivamente. Por su parte, frente a Fusobacterium nucleatum, halos de 18,89 mm, 23,17 mm y 13,50 mm para las concentraciones al 20%, el 30% y el PMCFA, respectivamente. Conclusiones: El extracto etanólico elaborado a partir de propoleo de Oxapampa mostro efecto antibacteriano a una concentración del 20% y el 30%, que fue significativamente mayor al del PMCFA, frente a cepas activadas de Enterococcus faecalis y Fusobacterium nucleatum.
Nivel de concordancia en el diagnóstico de caries dental evaluada con los índices OMS e ICDAS II en pacientes con discapacidad visual
Authors: Hinostroza-Izaguirre María Cristina , Mungi-Castañeda Sabina
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de concordancia en el diagnóstico de caries dental evaluada con los índices OMS e ICDAS II en pacientes con discapacidad visual. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, comparativo y transversal. La muestra fue no probabilística por conveniencia, conformada por 1418 dientes deciduos y permanentes de alumnos entre las edades de 3 a 17 años que cumplieron los criterios de selección. Se utilizaron los índices OMS e ICDAS II para el diagnóstico de lesiones de caries dental. Los datos fueron analizados mediante frecuencias y la prueba Kappa para determinar el nivel de concordancia. Resultados: La prevalencia de caries dental según índice OMS fue del 86% y según ICDAS II fue del 87,7%. La frecuencia de lesiones de caries dental de acuerdo con el número de dientes evaluados según índice OMS fue del 17,4% y según ICDAS II fue del 24,5%. El valor kappa hallado fue 0,789 determinándose así una concordancia “buena” entre índices. Conclusión: El índice ICDAS II determina la mayor prevalencia y diagnostica el mayor número de lesiones de caries dental a comparación del índice OMS; sin embargo, existe un nivel de concordancia “buena” entre ambos.
Calidad de vida y su asociación con la negligencia en el cuidado dental en preescolares
Authors: Tello-Guerrero Yvette Giannina , Perona-Miguel de Priego Guido
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: Se buscó determinar la frecuencia de los indicadores de la negligencia en el cuidado dental y su asociación con la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud bucal en preescolares de 36 a 71 meses, del Hospital Central de la Fuerza Aérea del Perú (Lima, Perú), en 2016. Metodología: Estudio prospectivo, transversal, descriptivo y observacional en el que se examinó la severidad de la caries de infancia temprana, empleando el sistema ICDAS II; se determinó la presencia de indicadores de la negligencia en el cuidado dental y se utilizó el cuestionario ECOHIS en 187 niños y sus madres. Se utilizaron las pruebas de chi cuadrado, correlación de Spearman y regresión logística para determinar la asociación entre caries, calidad de vida y negligencia en el cuidado dental. Resultados: La caries dental tuvo un mayor impacto en la calidad de vida en la dimensión familia. Se determinó una correlación positiva entre caries dental (p < 0,0001), educación de la madre en prevención (p < 0,05) y calidad de vida. Seis indicadores de la negligencia en el cuidado dental fueron estadísticamente significativos (p < 0,05). Sin embargo, no pudieron ser considerados factores de riesgo para la calidad de vida. Conclusiones: La caries dental tuvo un impacto negativo en la calidad de vida; la educación a la madre en prevención tuvo un impacto positivo en la salud oral y no se puede afirmar que los indicadores de negligencia actúen como factores de riesgo para una mala calidad de vida en los preescolares de este estudio.
Capillary Index Score Derived from Computed Tomography Angiography as An Indicator of Collateral Flow after Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Kai Shang , Zhang Xiaoxing , Li Yuehua
Published: June 2019

Background

The capillary index score (CIS) determined from DSA is used to evaluate cerebral collateral flow in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) caused by cerebral artery occlusion. Our aim was to determine the reliability of CIS calculated from MIP-CTA images as an alternative to DSA-based CIS, as CTA is less invasive and less expensive.

Methods

Clinical and imaging data of 40 patients with AIS caused by cerebral artery occlusion within 6 h from symptom onset were collected. CIS was calculated from CTA and DSA images. Patients were classified into the favorable collateral flow group if CIS was ≥2 (fCIS), and into the poor collateral flow group if CIS was <2 (pCIS). Agreement between the methods was evaluated using the Kappa test. Logistic regression was performed to explore the relationship between CTA-based CIS and clinical outcomes.

Results

The two methods had high consistency (Kappa = 0.72), and the diagnostic accuracy of CTA for CIS classification was 87.5%. The decrease in the NIHSS score at discharge was not significantly different between the fCIS and pCIS groups according to CTA (p = 0.156), while the 90-day mRS was higher in the pCIS group (p = 0.04). High CTA-based CIS and low blood glucose at admission were significantly correlated with good outcome.

Conclusion

CIS calculated using CTA is as reliable as DSA-based CIS for assessing collateral flow in AIS, and is also a good predictor of clinical outcome. This index could be useful for guiding patient selection and treatment strategies for AIS.
Effects of Dexmedetomidine on cerebral oxygen saturation in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy: a randomised ,parallel-group study
Authors: Yang Qianqian , Qian Haitao , Wang Bing , Duan Fenyu , Zhu Mengxun , Cheng Zhi , Zhang Xiaobao , Zhao Zhibin
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background:This study is to investigate the relationship between the Trendelenburg position and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) during laparoscopic hysterectomy and possible effects of Dexmedetomidine on cerebral hypoxia of patients undergoing this surgery.
Methods: Randomized, prospective and single-blinded study. Patients aged 20 to 65 years are enrolled in this trial,25 in each group. Saline and Dexmedetomidine were infused into petients of Control group and Dexmedetomidine group respectively. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) and hemodynamic parameters were recorded before and after induction of anesthesia and once every 20 min in the Trendelenburg position and 10 min after supine position. We determined prospectively the association of the development of cerebral desaturation and the patient’s position with clinical outcomes of the entire surgery.
Results: There was no significant difference between these groups according to demographic characteristics. Right and left rSO2 values of patients in control group decreased at 20 min,40 min and 60 min in the Trendelenburg position, but they increased 10 min after changed to supine position.For Dexmedetomidine group,rSO2 were improved during the Trendelenburg position constantly. The relationship between rSO2 values and cognitive dysfunction was not significant.
Conclusion:Dexmedetomidine provides higher rcSO2 values during the Trendelenburg position for laparoscopic hysterectomy.
Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. No: ChiCTR1800019174. Prospective registration.
Key words: NIRS,rSO2,Trendelenburg position, Dexmedetomidine
DMFT status in 12 years old Iranian population: A systematic and meta-analysis study
Authors: Amini Saeed , Moradzadeh Rahmatollah , Anbari Zohreh , Nazari Javad , Alimehr Mostafa , Amiresmaili Mohammadreza
Published: June 2019

Backgrouand

Because of the end of permanent teeth eruption duration, 12 years old age has encountered with a great importance. The aim of this study is to determine DMFT status of this age group using systematic review and meta-analysis method.

Methods

Internal and external databases on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria were searched using the considered keywords. Heterogeneity and the quality of studies were assessed using I2 index and STROBE checklist. Forest plot was plotted using Random Effects Model. Funnel plot and Eggers’ test used to indicate publication bias.

Results

95 studies with 12145 total persons and 393 mean person in each study were entered to the final step of meta-analysis. Using Random Effects model, total mean DMFT of 12 years olds was estimated 2.01 (1.83-2.19) and separately for girls and boys was estimated 2.10 (1.95-2.26) and 2.16 (1.94-2.38), respectively. Funnel plot and Eggers’ test were insignificant which indicate reliability of the study results and low publication bias.

Conclusion

The results indicated that mean DMFT of 12 years old population is 2.01 which this mean in boys is higher than girls ones. These permanent teethes need to be in the mouth lifetime, but have encountered with problems in the age of eruption. Review and reforms in dental health system seem necessary.
Restrictive versus liberal fluid therapy in geriatric patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cai Bin , Chen JiaTong , Kang Yin , Yu Dongnan , Wei Jinfeng , Chen JieYuan , Wang Sheng
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND: The optimal fluid therapy in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery remains unclear. Although some trials have reported a restrictive fluid therapy may lead to better outcomes, there is no evidence whether it is suitable for elderly patients.
METHODS: In a double-blinded pragmatic trial, 107 elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery were randomized to receive either a liberal (L group) or restrictive intravenous-fluid therapy (R group) . The postoperative fluid therapy was similar in the two groups. The primary outcome was vital organ injury included Myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS) and acute kidney injury（AKI）, the secondary outcomes included hypotension needed intervention intraoperatively, length of stay (LOS) , death and other complications defined up to 30 days. Analysis was performed by intention-to-treat.
RESULT: 50 patients in the L group had an average intravenous fluid of 1943ml, as compared to 1295.61ml in 57 patients in the R group (P<0.001). The baseline Characteristics and operative details were similar between the groups. Patients in the L group had a lower rate of AKI (10% vs 35.1%, P=0.002) and surgical-site infection (0 vs 10.5%, P=0.029) than in the R group；MINS (20% vs 20.8%, P=0.724) and the other postoperative complications showed no differences between two groups. One patient died in the R group. No significant difference was found for the length of hospital stay[median(range) L: 15(8-49) vs R: 17(8-80); P=0.27]. The follow-up was 30 days.
CONCLUSION: In geriatric patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, a liberal fluid regimen was associated with a lower rate of AKI and postoperative infection than restrictive fluid regimen and did not increase the risk of postoperative complications.
Trial registration: ChiCTR1800019022. Registered 21 October 2018
Clinical practice competency and associated factors among graduating nursing students attending at Universities in Amhara region, Ethiopia: Institution based cross-sectional study, 2018
Authors: Getie ፟Addisu , Tsige Yosief , Birhanie Emebet , Getaneh Kenean , Demis Asmamaw
Published: July 2019

Objective

To assess clinical practice competency and associated factors among graduating nursing students in universities of Amhara region, Northern Ethiopia.

Result
This study showed that, 33.6% of the participants were clinically competent and there is slight variation in the clinical competency of participants at different Universities found in Amhara region. Clinical practice competency of students was affected by clinical instructor factors. Students who had got orientation about objective of clinical practice were 2.387 times more likely to be clinically competent [AOR: 2.387; 95% CI (1.011-5.635)]. Students who had clinical instructor who spent enough time for mentoring them during clinical practice had 2.247 times more likely to be clinical competent [AOR: 2.247; 95% CI (1.100-4.593)]. Students who had instructors that follow them while they conduct a procedure were 2.655 times more likely clinically competent [AOR: 2.655; 95% CI (1.294-5.449)]. This study also revealed that clinical practice competency of students was affected by assessment methods factors. Students with clinical practice assessment checklist had 2.663 times higher clinical practice competency [AOR: 2.663; 95% CI (1.324-5.358)]. Regarding staff-student factors, students who were allowed to perform tasks by clinical staffs were 5.858 times more likely to be clinical competent task [AOR: 5.858; 95% CI (2.657-12.916)]
A self-administered, artificial intelligence (AI) platform for cognitive assessment in multiple sclerosis (MS)
Authors: Khaligh-Razavi Seyed-Mahdi , Sadeghi Maryam , Khanbagi Mahdiyeh , Kalafatis Chris , Nabavi Seyed Massood
Published: June 2019

Background
Cognitive impairment is common in patients with MS. Accurate and repeatable measures of cognition have the potential to be used as a marker of disease activity.

Methods
We developed a 5-minute computerized test to measure cognitive dysfunction in patients with MS. The proposed test –named Integrated Cognitive Assessment (ICA)– is self-administered and language-independent. 91 MS patients and 83 healthy controls (HC) took part in substudy 1, in which each participant took the ICA test and the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS). We assessed ICA’s test-retest reliability, its correlation with BICAMS, its sensitivity to discriminate patients with MS from the HC group, and its accuracy in detecting cognitive dysfunction. In substudy 2, we recruited 48 MS patients, and examined the association between the level of serum neurofilament light (NfL) in these patients and their ICA scores.

Results
ICA demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability (r=0.94), with no learning bias (i.e. no significant practice effect); and had high level of convergent validity with BICAMS. ICA was sensitive in discriminating the MS patients from the HC group, and demonstrated a high accuracy (AUC = 95%) in discriminating cognitively normal from cognitively impaired participants. Additionally, we found a strong association (r=-0.79) between ICA score and the level of NfL in MS patients.

Conclusions
ICA has the potential to be used as a digital biomarker for assessment and monitoring of cognitive performance in MS patients. In comparison to standard cognitive tools for MS (e.g. BICAMS), ICA is shorter in duration, does not show a learning bias, is independent of language, and takes advantage of artificial intelligence (AI) to identify cognitive status of patients more accurately. Being a digital test, it further has the potential for easier electronic health record or research database integration.
Brazilian version of the Calgary-Cambridge Observational Guide (CCOG): cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties
Authors: DOHMS MARCELA , Collares Carlos F , Tibério Iolanda
Published: June 2019

Introduction

The search for appropriate tools to assess communicational skills remains an ongoing challenge. The Calgary-Cambridge Observational Guide is designed for measuring and comparing performance in communication skills training

Objective

Adapt the 28-item version of the guide for the Brazilian cultural context and perform a psychometric quality analysis of the tool.

Method

Experienced preceptors (35) evaluated videos of 5 medical residents with a simulated patient. using the translated version. For the cultural adaptation we followed the methodological norms on synthesis, retro-translation, committee review, and testing. We conducted the data analysis with the Rasch Many-Facet Model.

Results

The reliability of the internal consistency was satisfactory, with the Cronbach's alpha coefficient acceptable in all 5 evaluations (0.88; 0.84; 0.89; 0.87; 0.83). The reliability coefficient was high in the evaluators’ facets (0.90), the stations (0.99), and items (0.98). The data indicates the suitability of the tool to the Rasch Many-Facet Model. The evaluators had greater difficulty with attitudinal items, such as demonstration of respect, confidence, and empathy.

Conclusion

The psychometric properties of the tool were adequate. The reliability indicators of the Rasch Model presented a good potential for reproducing the Brazilian version of the tool as well as acceptable reliability for its use.
Spatio-temporal distribution analysis of TB in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
Authors: Zhang Liping , Zheng Yanling
Published: July 2019

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global public health problem, which also affects economic and social development. China has the third largest burden of tuberculosis in the world. TB control made the slowest progress in western China while the highest prevalence of it showed up in Xinjiang. The study was conducted to investigate the spatial epidemiological features of pulmonary tuberculosis in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (referred to as Xinjiang) and compared the regional differences in the incidence of TB, for the 2013-2016，which can provide scientific reference for TB prevention and control.
Methods: Based on the TB monitored data, descriptive statistics was used to analyze the distribution characteristics of TB patients. Spatial correlation analysis and spatio-temporal scanning techniques were used to explore the clustering of TB in Xinjiang.
Results: A total of 178,674 TB cases were notified in Xinjiang from 2013 to 2016 with an average annual incidence of 195.32/100,000. The incidence of TB in Xinjiang showed an upward trend. Male and female patients accounted for 52.56％and 47.44％ respectively，with the sex ratio being 1.11:1. The number of cases continuously increased with the increasing age，and the elderly TB patients aged 60 years and above accounted for 46.77％．Most of the patients with TB were farmers and shepherds, accounting for 72.11％．The incidence of TB presented an upward trend from east to west and from north to south. Obvious spatial aggregation was observed in the incidence of TB in 98 countries and districts from 2013 to 2016 and the global Moran’s I was 0.5768 (P<0.001). The reported incidence rate of TB showed remarkable seasonality. The hot spots of TB were mostly concentrated in the southern Xinjiang with Kashgar as the center, while the cold spots were in northern Xinjiang with Urumqi as the center．
Conclusion: The TB incidence displayed spatial and temporal aggregation at the levels of district and county in Xinjiang during 2013-2016, with high risk areas relatively concentrating in the southern Xinjiang．It is necessary to conduct targeted TB prevention and control in key areas and allocate health resources reasonably.
Keywords: Tuberculosis; Spatial autocorrelation; Spatio-temporal scanning analysis
Identification and analysis of long non-coding RNAs that are involved in inflammatory process in response to transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection
Authors: Ma Xuelian , Zhao Xiaomin , Wang Kaili , Tang Xiaoyi , Guo Jianxiong , Mi Mi , Qi Yanping , Chang Lingling , Huang Yong , Tong Dewen
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) infection can activate the immune response and cause inflammation. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in antiviral innate immune response. However, whether lncRNAs participate in TGEV-induced inflammation in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPECs) is largely unknown.
Results: In this study, the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology was used to analyze the profiles of lncRNAs in Mock and TGEV-infected porcine intestinal epithelial cell-jejunum 2 (IPEC-J2) cell line. A total of 106 lncRNAs were differentially expressed. Many differentially expressed lncRNAs act as elements to competitively attach miRNAs with mRNAs to mediate expression of genes that related to Toll-like receptor, NOD-like receptor, TNF, and RIG-I-like receptor pathways. Functional analysis of the binding proteins and the up/down-stream genes of the differentially expressed lncRNAs revealed that lncRNAs were principally related to immune response. Meanwhile, we found that the differentially expressed lncRNA TCONS_00058367 might lead to a reduction of p-p65 in TGEV-infected IPEC-J2 cells by negatively regulating its antisense gene PML.
Conclusions: The data showed that differentially expressed lncRNAs might be involved in immune response induced by TGEV through acting as miRNA sponges, regulating their up/down-stream genes, or directly binding proteins.
Characteristics of and Survival in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Norway (NOROC) 2005-2009
Authors: Bjerkli Inger-Heidi , Jetlund Olav , Karevold Gunnhild , Karlsdóttir Ása , Jaatun Ellen , Uhlin-Hansen Lars , Rikardsen Oddveig G. , Hadler-Olsen Elin , Steigen Sonja E.
Published: July 2019

Background: Incidence of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) is rising worldwide, and population characterization is important to follow future trends.
Methods: Patients treated for primary OSCC at all four University Hospitals in Norway between 2005 and 2010 were retrospectively included in this study. The median follow up time was 48 months (range 0-125 months).
Results: 535 patients with primary OSCC were identified. The overall survival (OS) was found to be 47%, disease specific survival (DSS) was 52%. When extracting the patients given treatment in curative intent the OS was found to be 56.2% and DSS 62.3%. Median age at diagnosis was 67 years (range 24-101 years), and men were in general eight years younger than women. The male/female ratio was 1.2. No gender difference was found in T status or N status, but both factors influenced significantly on survival.
Conclusions: We present a large and validated cohort of primary OSCC. Patients with small tumors and stage I-II at time of diagnosis had better outcome, and habitual examination of the oral cavity by patients, dentists and physicians may shift more tumors to a more beneficial starting point.
INCREASED LEVEL OF MIR-204-5P EXPRESSION IN MELANOMA CELLS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DACARBAZINE
Authors: Lavrentiev S. N. , Aksenenko M. B. , Averchuk A. S. , Komina A. V. , Palkina N. V. , Ruksha T. G.
Published: July 2019

Various types of tissues was analyzed, and the algorithm for summing neutron and photon doses in neutronMiRNA s are involved in the regulation of numerous critical biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion. They function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors according to the nature of the target. It has been previously determined that miR-204-5p miRNA is characterized by the increased level in melanoma. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of changes in the level of microRNA expression when dacarbazine was exposed to melanoma cells in vitro and synthetic miR-204-5p in vivo. The expression levels of miR-204-5p and miR-211 in melanoma cells were determined by real-time PCR. Antitumor effects in vivo were verified in assessing the growth dynamics of the tumor node. Toxic effects were assessed by animal behavior, fluid intake, feed, and ALT , AST , creatinine, urea levels. In the model of melanoma C57BL6, it was revealed that the introduction of the synthetic miR-204-5p did not cause significant changes in the investigated microRNA in tumor cells. At the same time, the antitumor effects of dacarbazine in melanoma cells in vitro led to an increase in the level of the investigated microRNA by more than 20 times. The results of the study indicated the possibility of compensating the level of miR-204-5p under the influence of cytostatic therapy. Taking into account the previously revealed miR-204-5p inhibitory effect on the proliferation of melanoma cells, we can assume that this miRNA can play a role in maintaining the dermal state of tumor cells. Further studies are required to understand the metastasis development and predict the response to antitumor therapy for melanoma.
EXAMINATION OF PERIPHERAL LYMPH NODES USING SHEAR WAVE ELASTOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH HEAD AND NECK CANCER
Authors: Lezhnev D. A. , Vasilyev A. Yu. , Egorova E. A. , Smyslenova M. V. , Truten V. P. , Petrovskaya V. V. , Gromov A. I. , Kostash O. V. , Kabin Yu. V. , Kapustin V. V.
Published: July 2019

Between December and September 2018 123 patients with head and neck tumors underwent ultrasound examination. The median age of the patients was 57 years (range 19–76 years). Metastatic lymph nodes were suspected in all patients. A fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed prior to treatment. Aplio 500 (Тoshiba, Japan) ultrasound device was used. According to findings of cytological examination, all patients were divided into 2 groups. Group I consisted of 58 patients with cytologically confirmed metastatic lymph nodes. Group II comprised 65 patients with lymphoid reticular hyperplasia. The values of Young’s modulus for metastatic lymph nodes were: median – 134.2 kPa, 2.5–97.5 percentiles – 7.3–181.7 kPa. The corresponding values for hyperplastic lymph nodes were: 20.1 kPa, 6.9–138.3 kPa. Thus, significant differences in the values of Young’s modulus between metastatic and hyperplastic lymph nodes were detected in patients with head and neck cancer (p<0.001). The best diagnostic values for detecting metastatic lymph nodes in patients with head and neck cancer were achieved with a threshold value of the Young’s modulus of 33.2 kPa (sensitivity – 89.7 %, specificity – 84.6 %), AU C – 0.899. The values of the Young’s modulus in the metastatic lymph nodes did not depend on the primary tumor and on the localization of the lymph nodes studied (submandibular, paratracheal, cervical, supraclavicular groups).
MODERN VIEW ON DIFFERENT KINDS OF BOWEL PREPARATION FOR ELECTIVE COLORECTAL SURGERY
Authors: Olkina A. Yu. , Petrov A. S. , Panaiotti L. L. , Karachun A. М. , Lankov T. S.
Published: July 2019

Purpose: to assess current data on the effect of different approaches to preoperative bowel preparation before elective colorectal surgery on short-term treatment outcomes.

Material and Methods. Online system PubMed of U.S. National Library of Medicine was used to find articles with key words “mechanical bowel preparation”, “surgical site infection”, “oral antibiotics”. A total of 226 articles were reviewed. 31 articles were selected for final review. Furthermore, ClinicalTrials.gov site was used to find actual and recruiting trials.

Results. Mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) used to be a standard procedure for a long time. Nowadays, routine use of MBP seems to be debatable. Alternative approaches, e.g. absolutely no preparation or the use of MBP in combination with oral antibiotics, are considered. Data on performing different kinds of bowel preparation is reviewed in this article.

Conclusion. Optimal approach of preoperative bowel preparation is still questionable. Combination of mechanical bowel preparation and oral antibiotics seems to be a preferable method. However, there is not enough evidence to exclude anothertechniques. It’s required to conduct additional randomized controlled trials.
Empathy Usage in the Anthropology of Emotions
Authors: Ilić Vladimira
Published: June 2019

Empathy usage in anthropological research of emotions is connected with the universalistic approach to this phenomenon. The approach is based on the biological assumption that emotions are primarily bodily feelings, internal and personal conditions of individuals, that can be also identified by the physiologically based human ability to understand – empathy. Some representatives of the cultural approach to emotions have thrown away the empathy, understood and applied in such a way. However, variance in the anthropological understandings of both concepts can be distinguished between these two extremes. In the field of anthropology that is interested in the emotional lives of people, the intention of presenting some research results related to the concept of empathy is to provide insight into some of the key conceptions of this phenomenon, and to indicate their dependence on concrete approaches to the concept of emotion. The intention in this field as well is to offer a partial insight into the observed variance in the understandings concerning the empathy usage, the variance which points to the exceptionally alive but also unstable anthropological thought about this concept.
Papal Orders for Investigation on Matrimonial Dispensation as Historical and Anthropological Sources
Authors: Birta Ivan , Nedeljković Saša
Published: June 2019

Papal Encyclicals to local bishops regarding matrimonial dispensation have not been used so far as historiographic and anthropological sources. In this paper, an attempt was made to verify their usability in that sense. Two Encyclicals from the Catholic Fond of the Birta Archives were separated and it was examined, through comparative analysis, to what extent these Encyclicals were useful for checking historical data about on which there are doubts, and to what extent they can offer new, not yet known and important information. Thereby of course, all limitations of such data and its adequate contextualization are taken into account. These are the Encyclicals in which the Pope urges local bishops to check the allegations in the request of the Naples nobles who want to marry, even though they are close relatives. Since other original documents on the studied topic are currently unavailable, and the material has not been sorted, integrated and published in the print form, the scope of the Papal Encyclicals as sources was checked by comparing it with publicly available digitized databases and internet presentations and encyclopedias.
On the Power of A (Good) Story: Why Game of Thrones Had to End (This Way) And What Can Slavoj Žižek Tell Us About It
Authors: Gačanović Ivana
Published: June 2019

During and after the airing of the last season of “Game of Thornes” there had been a multitude of critical reactions from the viewers around the world. This article is centered particularly around the criticism of the socio-political commentary found within the show. In that regard, the focus will be on an analysis of a short article written by Žižek, published in online edition of The Independent, titled “Game of Thrones tapped into fears of revolution and political women – and left us no better off than before” in which he outlines his own critique of the show. Since Žižek is one of the most renown intellectuals of our time, I find Žižek’s beliefs and the way he outlines them worthy of analysis, especially since the analysis is about the most globally popular show of the second decade of the 21st century. Contextualizing Žižek’s writing into a more basic critical discourse which had developed around the way the writers, Benioff and Weiss, decided to end the show, here I shall shed light on a couple of points which are in either direct or indirect link with the source text. The following aspects shall be considered: Firstly, the influence Žižek has on his like-minded audience and on what his influence is based upon, i.e. what are his responsibilities as a well-known, outspoken intellectual; then, continued breakdown of certain aspects of the plot and character development from the show about which Žižek himself has written; finally, “Game of Thrones” itself will be taken into consideration as a work of fiction and as a global cultural phenomenon. One of the main goals of this article is to showcase the dangers of reading these kinds of “instant” articles without applying the necessary levels of critical thought, especially when they bear the signature of a worldwide renown intellectual. But maybe even more important than that, is to show how there lies a possibility for multiple different ways of interpreting and enjoying the show, of how open it is as a work of fiction; to indicate how important it is to study such a cultural phenomenon within anthropology with a holistic approach.