bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multidisciplinary oil spill modeling to protect coastal communities and the environment of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Alves Tiago M. , Kokinou Eleni , Zodiatis George , Radhakrishnan Hari , Panagiotakis Costas , Lardner Robin
Published: November 2016

We present new mathematical and geological models to assist civil protection authorities in the mitigation of potential oil spill accidents in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Oil spill simulations for 19 existing offshore wells were carried out based on novel and high resolution bathymetric, meteorological, oceanographic, and geomorphological data. The simulations show a trend for east and northeast movement of oil spills into the Levantine Basin, affecting the coastal areas of Israel, Lebanon and Syria. Oil slicks will reach the coast in 1 to 20 days, driven by the action of the winds, currents and waves. By applying a qualitative analysis, seabed morphology is for the first time related to the direction of the oil slick expansion, as it is able to alter the movement of sea currents. Specifically, the direction of the major axis of the oil spills, in most of the cases examined, is oriented according to the prevailing azimuth of bathymetric features. This work suggests that oil spills in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea should be mitigated in the very few hours after their onset, and before wind and currents disperse them. We explain that protocols should be prioritized between neighboring countries to mitigate any oil spills.
One-DOF Superimposed Rigid Origami with Multiple States
Authors: Liu Xiang , Gattas Joseph M. , Chen Yan
Published: November 2016

Origami-inspired engineering design is increasingly used in the development of self-folding structures. The majority of existing self-folding structures either use a bespoke crease pattern to form a single structure, or a universal crease pattern capable of forming numerous structures with multiple folding steps. This paper presents a new approach whereby multiple distinct, rigid-foldable crease patterns are superimposed in the same sheet such that kinematic independence and 1-DOF mobility of each individual pattern is preserved. This is enabled by the cross-crease vertex, a special configuration consisting of two pairs of collinear crease lines, which is proven here by means of a kinematic analysis to contain two independent 1-DOF rigid-foldable states. This enables many new origami-inspired engineering design possibilities, with two explored in depth: the compact folding of non-flat-foldable structures and sequent folding origami that can transform between multiple states without unfolding.
Effects of weaning on intestinal crypt epithelial cells in piglets
Authors: Yang Huansheng , Xiong Xia , Wang Xiaocheng , Li Tiejun , Yin Yulong
Published: November 2016

Intestinal epithelial cells in the crypt proliferate in piglets in response to weaning. However, the underlying mechanism has been unclear. We examined 40 piglets from eight litters (five piglets per litter) that were weaned at the age of 14 d, and one piglet from each litter was randomly selected for closer investigation. Based on the distended intestinal sac method, we isolated crypt epithelial cells from the mid-jejunum on Days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 post-weaning. Protein expression was analyzed using either isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification or western blotting. Proteins related to the cell cycle, organization of the cellular macromolecular complex subunit, localization of cellular macromolecules, Golgi vesicle transport, fatty acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and translational initiation were mainly down-regulated, while those involved in glycolysis, cell cycle arrest, protein catabolism, and cellular amino acid metabolism were up-regulated. The amount of proteins active in the mTOR signaling pathway was generally decreased over time. These results indicate that weaning influences energy metabolism, cellular macromolecule organization and localization, and protein metabolism, thereby affecting the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells in weaned piglets. Moreover, those cellular processes are possibly controlled by that signaling pathway.
Characterization of lectin binding affinities via direct LC-MS profiling: implications for glycopeptide enrichment and separation strategies
Authors: Zhu Feifei , Clemmer David E. , Trinidad Jonathan C.
Published: November 2016

Determining the affinity between a lectin and its target glycans is an important goal, both for understanding the biological functions of a given lectin as well as enabling the use of that lectin for targeted enrichment of glycosylated species from complex samples.
Single electron transfer-induced coupling of alkynylzinc reagents with aryl and alkenyl iodides
Authors: Okura Keisho , Kawashima Hitomi , Tamakuni Fumiko , Nishida Naoya , Shirakawa Eiji
Published: November 2016

An alkynyl–aryl coupling without the aid of transition metal catalysis has been achieved for the first time.
Efficient DBU accelerated synthesis of 18F-labelled trifluoroacetamides
Authors: Gómez Antonio Bermejo , Cortés González Miguel A. , Lübcke Marvin , Johansson Magnus J. , Halldin Christer , Szabó Kálmán J. , Schou Magnus
Published: November 2016

Nucleophilic 18F-fluorination of bromodifluoroacetamides was performed in the presence of DBU. A mechanism where DBU acts as organomediator is proposed.
Far-infrared spectra of the tryptamine A conformer by IR-UV ion gain spectroscopy
Authors: Schmitt Michael , Spiering Frans , Zhaunerchyk Vitali , Jongma Rienk T. , Jaeqx Sander , Rijs Anouk M. , van der Zande Wim J.
Published: November 2016

Single-far-infrared photon excited tryptamine has structured resonance enhanced multi-photon ionization UV spectra, revealing the mode composition of the S1-state. Upon multiple-far-infrared photon absorption, the UV spectrum broadens allowing ion gain spectroscopy to be performed.
Comparison of hydration behavior and conformational preferences of the Trp-cage mini-protein in different rigid-body water models
Authors: Gupta Madhulika , Nayar Divya , Chakravarty Charusita , Bandyopadhyay Sanjoy
Published: November 2016

Trp-cage unfolds at different temperatures in different water models revealing the sensitivity of conformational order metrics to the choice of water models.
Channels of oxygen diffusion in single crystal rubrene revealed
Authors: Thompson Robert J. , Bennett Thomas , Fearn Sarah , Kamaludin Muhammad , Kloc Christian , McPhail David S. , Mitrofanov Oleg , Curson Neil J.
Published: November 2016

Oxygen diffusion channels are imaged in the single crystal organic semiconductor rubrene using Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy.
A DFT study of the effect of SO4 groups on the properties of TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Miroshnichenko Olga , Posysaev Sergei , Alatalo Matti
Published: November 2016

A DFT study shows that the on-surface SO4 groups affect significantly the geometric, electronic structure, and optical properties of TiO2 nanoclusters.
Ytterbium–erbium ion doped strontium molybdate (SrMoO4): synthesis, characterization, photophysical properties and application in solar cells
Authors: Sun Weifu , Chen Zihan , Zhou Junli , Li Dongyu , Huang Zhen , Jin Xiao , Zhang Qin , Li Feng , Li Qinghua
Published: November 2016

Incorporating SrMoO4:Yb/Er into TiO2 films delivers solar cells with a high power conversion efficiency, a shortened hot electron transfer time and an enhanced charge transfer rate.
Sulfur doped reduced graphene oxides with enhanced catalytic activity for oxygen reduction via molten salt redox-sulfidation
Authors: Gu Yuxing , Chen Zhigang , Tang Juanjuan , Xiao Wei , Mao Xuhui , Zhu Hua , Wang Dihua
Published: November 2016

A facile redox-sulfidation reaction between sulfate containing molten carbonates and reduced graphene oxides (rGOs) was used to prepare sulfur and sulfur–cobalt co-doped rGOs with enhanced electrocatalytic activity.
Transition metal complex directed lead bromides with tunable structures and visible light driven photocatalytic properties
Authors: Lei Xiao-Wu , Yue Cheng-Yang , Wei Jun-Chao , Li Rui-Qing , Li Yan , Mi Fu-Qi
Published: November 2016

Six new compounds were synthesized and characterized as [Co(2,2-bipy)3]2{[Co(2,2-bipy)]3Pb7Br24} (1), [Co(2,2-bipy)2Br]PbBr3(2), [TM(phen)3]Pb2Br6(TM = Co (3) and Ni (4)), [Co(2,2-bipy)3]Pb3Br9(5) and [Co(2,2-bipy)3]Pb5Br13·CH3CN (6).
Catalyst–solvent interactions in a dinuclear Ru-based water oxidation catalyst
Authors: Shatskiy Andrey , Lomoth Reiner , Abdel-Magied Ahmed F. , Rabten Wangchuk , Laine Tanja M. , Chen Hong , Sun Junliang , Andersson Pher G. , Kärkäs Markus D. , Johnston Eric V. , Åkermark Björn
Published: November 2016

A new dinuclear ruthenium-based water oxidation catalyst is described. Insight is provided into interactions between the catalyst and acetonitrile, a common co-solvent in water oxidation catalysis.
A new approach for recycling waste rubber products in Li–S batteries
Authors: Yu Byeong-Chul , Jung Ji-Won , Park Kyusung , Goodenough John B.
Published: November 2016

Vulcanized rubber products contain polymer backbones crosslinked with sulfur to improve mechanical strength.
Retracted Article: Mechanistic insights into the decontamination of Th(iv) on graphene oxide-based composites by EXAFS and modeling techniques
Authors: Sun Yubing , Wang Xiangxue , Song Wencheng , Lu Songhua , Chen Changlun , Wang Xiangke
Published: November 2016

The sorption mechanism of Th(iv) on amidoxime/graphene oxide composites was investigated by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra and surface complexation modeling.
Identification and isolation of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes with an automated microraft sorting system
Authors: Attayek Peter J. , Hunsucker Sally A. , Sims Christopher E. , Allbritton Nancy L. , Armistead Paul M.
Published: November 2016

The simultaneous measurement of T cell function with recovery of individual T cells would greatly facilitate characterizing antigen-specific responses bothin vivoand in model systems.
A portable microfluidic system for rapid measurement of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Authors: Isiksacan Ziya , Erel Ozcan , Elbuken Caglar
Published: November 2016

A point-of-care handheld device is demonstrated for rapid erythrocyte sedimentation rate measurement using erythrocyte aggregation.
Self-assembly of [PNbxW12−xO40]n−Keggin anions – a simple way to mixed Nb–W polyoxometalates
Authors: Abramov Pavel A. , Shmakova Alexandra A. , Haouas Mohamed , Fink Gerhard , Cadot Emmanuel , Sokolov Maxim N.
Published: November 2016

This paper summarizes preparations of mixed phosphoniobotungstates [PNbxW12−xO40](3+x)−(x= 1–3) based on two different ways: incorporation of Nb into pre-existing lacunary-type phosphotungstates and self-assembly reactions.
Identification and development of pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine carboxamides as Mycobacterium tuberculosis pantothenate synthetase inhibitors
Authors: Amaroju Suresh , Kalaga Mahalakshmi Naidu , Srinivasarao Singireddi , Napiórkowska Agnieszka , Augustynowicz-Kopeć Ewa , Murugesan Sankaranarayanan , Chander Subhash , Krishnan Rangan , Chandra Sekhar Kondapalli Venkata Gowri
Published: November 2016

A novel series of pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine carboxamides were synthesized and characterized. The compounds were evaluated for their antitubercular activity and pantothenate synthetase enzyme inhibition study.
Pd-catalyzed intramolecular sequential Heck cyclization and oxidation reactions: a facile pathway for the synthesis of substituted cycloheptenone evaluated using computational studies
Authors: Ray Jayanta K. , Paul Sunanda , Ray Paramita , Singha Raju , Rao Davuluri Yogeswara , Nandi Surajit , Anoop Anakuthil
Published: November 2016

A synthetic and theoretical approach towards the synthesis of cycloheptenone via palladium-catalyzed 7-exo-trig cyclization followed by the oxidation of cyclized alcohol.
Porous coordination polymer coatings fabricated from Cu3(BTC)2·3H2O with excellent superhydrophobic and superoleophilic properties
Authors: Meng Wen , Feng Zhijuan , Li Feng , Li Taohai , Cao Wei
Published: November 2016

A rare example in which the wettability of porous coordination polymer coatings fabricated from Cu3(BTC)2 was investigated, exhibiting both superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity.
Sequential oxonium–olefin–alkyne cyclization for the stereoselective synthesis of (octahydro-1H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)methanone derivatives
Authors: Subba Reddy B. V. , Hanuman Reddy V. , Durgaprasad M. , Gopal Reddy S. , Lakshmi J. K. , Aneesh P. V. , Rami Reddy Y. V.
Published: November 2016

A broad range of aldehydes undergo a smooth cascade cyclization with (E)-5-(3-phenylprop-2-ynylamino)pent-3-en-1-ol in the presence of BF3·OEt2 at room temperature.
Enantiospecific total syntheses of meroterpenoids (−)-F1839-I and (−)-corallidictyals B and D
Authors: Dethe Dattatraya H. , Dherange Balu D. , Ali Saghir , Parsutkar Mahesh M.
Published: November 2016

Enantiospecific total syntheses of spiromeroterpenoid natural products (−)-F1839-I and (−)-corallidictyals B and D were achieved using the environmentally benign and highly atom economical Lewis acid catalysed Friedel–Crafts reaction and a highly regio- and stereoselective spirocyclic C–O bond formation reaction.
Polyamino amphiphile mediated support of platinum nanoparticles on polyHIPE as an over 1500-time recyclable catalyst
Authors: Wan Yujia , Feng Yanyan , Wan Decheng , Jin Ming
Published: November 2016

For supported metal nanoparticles, the ligand/support is crucial to their catalytic activity, stability and recyclability.
Synthesis, optical properties, and acid–base indicating performance of novel ketene hydroxybenzylidene nopinone derivatives
Authors: Yang Jinlai , Xu Xu , Yang Yiqin , Rui Jian , Zhang Yan , Kuang Hongbo , Wang Shifa , Wu Liangru
Published: November 2016

Three ketene nopinone derivatives (1–3) were successfully synthesized from β-pinene derivative nopinone.
Composition profiles, monthly changes and health risk of PCDD/F in fly ash discharged from a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) in Northeast China
Authors: Li Jiafu , Dong Han , Sun Jie , Tang Jinshun , Nie Jihua , Zhang Shuyu , Chen Zhihai
Published: November 2016

Monthly changes and health risk of PCDD/Fs in fly ash which was one of hazardous wastes from municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) were studied.
Growth and characterization of semi-organic third order nonlinear optical (NLO) potassium 3,5-dinitrobenzoate (KDNB) single crystals
Authors: Karuppasamy P. , Sivasubramani V. , Pandian M. Senthil , Ramasamy P.
Published: November 2016

Growth and characterization of potassium 3,5-dinitrobenzoate (KDNB) single crystals. The third order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were investigated usingZ-scan technique.
Controlled exfoliation of monodispersed MoS2 layered nanostructures by a ligand-assisted hydrothermal approach for the realization of ultrafast degradation of an organic pollutant
Authors: Sabarinathan M. , Harish S. , Archana J. , Navaneethan M. , Ikeda H. , Hayakawa Y.
Published: November 2016

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) layered nanosheets were synthesized by the hydrothermal method.
Correction: The first computational study for the oxidative aromatization of pyrazolines and 1,4-dihydropyridines using 1,2,4-triazolinediones: an anomeric-based oxidation
Authors: Kiafar Mahya , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Yarie Meysam , Taherpour Avat(Arman)
Published: November 2016

Correction for ‘The first computational study for the oxidative aromatization of pyrazolines and 1,4-dihydropyridines using 1,2,4-triazolinediones: an anomeric-based oxidation’ by Mahya Kiafar et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 102280–102291.
Tuning the CO oxidation catalytic activity of supported metal–metal oxide heterostructures by an aqueous phase post-treatment process
Authors: Wu Chunzheng , Brescia Rosaria , Prato Mirko , Marras Sergio , Manna Liberato , Colombo Massimo
Published: November 2016

Colloidal Au–MnO heterodimers were deposited on SiO2 and calcined at high temperature in air in order to prepare a ligand-free Au–Mn3O4/SiO2 model catalyst for CO oxidation with a well-defined Au size and Au–metal oxide interface.
Co3O4nanoneedle arrays as a multifunctional “super-reservoir” electrode for long cycle life Li–S batteries
Authors: Chang Zhi , Dou Hui , Ding Bing , Wang Jie , Wang Ya , Hao Xiaodong , MacFarlane Douglas R.
Published: November 2016

Co3O4nanoneedle arrays with a bottlebrush-like structure on carbon cloth (CC@Co3O4) as a multifunctional “super reservoir” electrode effectively improve the reversibility of the precipitation/decomposition of Li2S/Li2S2, and thus prolong the cycle life of Li–S batteries.
Smart supercapacitors with deformable and healable functions
Authors: Guo Kai , Yu Neng , Hou Zhiqiang , Hu Lintong , Ma Ying , Li Huiqiao , Zhai Tianyou
Published: November 2016

The recent development of SMART supercapacitors with stretchability, compressibility, healability and shape-memory function is summarized.
Control of the molecular geometry and nanoscale morphology in perylene diimide based bulk heterojunctions enables an efficient non-fullerene organic solar cell
Authors: Singh R. , Lee J. , Kim M. , Keivanidis P. E. , Cho K.
Published: November 2016

In this contribution, we studied the effects of 3D molecular geometry in non-fullerene solar cells based on perylene diimide small molecules.
Investigation of the room temperature gas sensing properties of metal–organic charge transfer complex CuTCNQF4
Authors: Hoshyargar Faegheh , Shafiei Mahnaz , Piloto Carlo , Motta Nunzio , O'Mullane Anthony P.
Published: November 2016

The ability to detect and monitor toxic and greenhouse gases is highly important, however to achieve this at room temperature and allow for remote sensing applications is a significant challenge.
An Exploration of the Use of Eye Gaze and Gestures in Females With Rett Syndrome
Authors: Urbanowicz Anna , Downs Jenny , Girdler Sonya , Ciccone Natalie , Leonard Helen
Published: November 2016

Purpose

This study investigated the communicative use of eye gaze and gestures in females with Rett syndrome.

Method

Data on 151 females with Rett syndrome participating in the Australian Rett Syndrome Database was used in this study. Items from the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile Infant–Toddler Checklist (Wetherby & Prizant, 2002) were used to measure communication. Relationships between the use of eye gaze and gestures for communication were investigated using logistic regression. The influences of
MECP2
mutation type, age, and level of motor abilities on the use of eye gaze and gestures were investigated using multivariate linear regression.

Results

Both eye gaze and the use of gestures predicted the ability to make requests. Women aged 19 years or older had the lowest scores for eye gaze. Females with better gross motor abilities had higher scores for the use of eye gaze and gestures. The use of eye gaze did not vary across mutation groups, but those with a C-terminal deletion had the highest scores for use of gestures.

Conclusions

Eye gaze is used more frequently than gestures for communication, and this is related to age,
MECP2
mutation type, and gross motor abilities.
Fluid theory and kinetic simulation of two-dimensional electrostatic streaming instabilities in electron-ion plasmas
Authors: Jao C.-S. , Hau L.-N.
Published: November 2016

Electrostatic streaming instabilities have been proposed as the generation mechanism for the electrostatic solitary waves observed in various space plasma environments. Past studies on the subject have been mostly based on the kinetic theory and particle simulations. In this paper, we extend our recent study based on one-dimensional fluid theory and particle simulations to two-dimensional regimes for both bi-streaming and bump-on-tail streaming instabilities in electron-ion plasmas. Both linear fluid theory and kinetic simulations show that for bi-streaming instability, the oblique unstable modes tend to be suppressed by the increasing background magnetic field, while for bump-on-tail instability, the growth rates of unstable oblique modes are increased with increasing background magnetic field. For both instabilities, the fluid theory gives rise to the linear growth rates and the wavelengths of unstable modes in good agreement with those obtained from the kinetic simulations. For unmagnetized and weakly magnetized systems, the formed electrostatic structures tend to diminish after the long evolution, while for relatively stronger magnetic field cases, the solitary waves may merge and evolve to steady one-dimensional structures. Comparisons between one and two-dimensional results are made and the effects of the ion-to-electron mass ratio are also examined based on the fluid theory and kinetic simulations. The study concludes that the fluid theory plays crucial seeding roles in the kinetic evolution of electrostatic streaming instabilities.
Efficient Removal Phenol Red over Ternary Heterostructured Ag-Bi2MoO6/BiPO4 Composite Photocatalyst
Authors: Jiang Da-yu , Xu Da , Zheng Jia , Yang Yang , Liu Chang , Wang Yu-shuang , Che Guang-bo , Lin Xue , Chang Li-min
Published: November 2016

The fabrication of multicomponent composite systems may provide benefits in terms of charge separation and the retardation of charge pair recombination. In this work, a ternary heterostructured Ag-Bi2MoO6/BiPO4 composite was fabricated through a low-temperature solution-phase route for the first time. The XRD, SEM, EDX and XPS results indicated the prepared sample is a three-phase composite of BiPO4, Bi2MoO6, and Ag. Ag nanoparticles were photodeposited on the surface of Bi2MoO6/BiPO4 nanosheets, which not only increase visible-light absorption via the surface plasmon resonance, but also serve as good electron acceptor for facilitating quick photoexcited electron transfer. The interface between Bi2MoO6 and BiPO4 facilitates the migration of photoinduced electrons from Bi2MoO6 to BiPO4, which is also conductive to reduce the recombination of electron-holes. Thus, the ternary heterostructured Ag-Bi2MoO6/BiPO4 composite showed significant photocatalytic activity, higher than pure Bi2MoO6, BiPO4, and Bi2MoO6/BiPO4. Moreover, the possible photocatalytic mechanism of the Ag-Bi2MoO6/BiPO4 heterostructure related to the band positions of the semiconductors was also discussed. In addition, the quenching effects of different scavengers revealed that the reactive ·OH and O2·− play a major role in the phenol red decolorization.
Compact Scanning Tunneling Microscope with Large Scale Searching Capability for Mmultidisciplinary Applications
Authors: Meng Wen-jie , Wang Qi , Zhang Jing , Hou Yu-bin , Lu Qing-you
Published: November 2016

We present the design and performance of a home-built scanning tunneling microscope (STM), which is compact (66 mm tall and 25 mm in diameter), yet equipped with a 3D atomic precision piezoelectric motor in which the Z coarse approach relies on a high simplicity friction-type walker (of our own invention) driven by an axially cut piezoelectric tube. The walker is vertically inserted in a piezoelectric scanner tube (PST) with its brim laying flat on the PST end as the inertial slider (driven by the PST) for the XY (sample plane) motion. The STM is designed to be capable of searching rare microscopic targets (defects, dopants, boundaries, nano-devices, etc.) in a macroscopic sample area (square millimeters) under extreme conditions (low temperatures, strong magnetic fields, etc.) in which it fits. It gives good atomic resolution images after scanning a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite sample in air at room temperature.
Structural, Magnetic and Optical Properties of BiFe1−xNbxO3
Authors: Xian Hui-min , Du Yi-quan , Zhang Jiang , Chen Xi
Published: November 2016

Nb doped multiferroic BiFe1−xNbxO3 (0<x<0.05) polycrystalline powders have been synthesized by using a sol-gel method. The effect of Nb dopant on the structural, magnetic and optical properties is investigated. According to the X-ray diffraction data and the result of Rietveld refinement, all the samples maintain the R3c phase, while the lattice parameters a, c, the cell volume V and the Fe−O−Fe bond angle change. The remnant magnetization enhances by appropriate Nb doping due to the decreasing of the grain size. Meanwhile, Nb dopant leads to the narrowing of the band gap of BiFe1−xNbxO3 samples.
Use of stereo baited remote underwater video systems to estimate the presence and size of white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias)
Authors: Harasti D. , Lee K. A. , Laird R. , Bradford R. , Bruce B.
Published: November 2016

Stereo baited remote underwater video systems (stereo-BRUVs) are commonly used to assess fish assemblages and, more recently, to record the localised abundance and size of sharks. The present study investigated the occurrence and size of white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) in the near-shore environment off Bennett’s Beach, part of a known nursery area for the species in central New South Wales, Australia. Six stereo-BRUV units were deployed approximately fortnightly between August and December 2015 for periods of 5h in depths of 7–14m. Stereo-BRUVs successfully recorded 34 separate sightings of 22 individual white sharks. The highest number of individuals detected during a single day survey was eight. All C. carcharias observed on stereo-BRUVs were juveniles ranging in size from 1.50 to 2.46-m total length (mean±s.e., 1.91±0.05m; n=22). The time to first appearance ranged from 15 to 299min (mean±s.e., 148±15min). This study demonstrates that the use of stereo-BRUVs is a viable, non-destructive method to obtain estimates of the size and presence of white sharks, and may be useful in estimating relative abundance in near-shore environments where white sharks are known to frequent.
Model-driven experimental approach reveals the complex regulatory distribution of p53 by the circadian factor Period 2
Authors: Gotoh Tetsuya , Kim Jae Kyoung , Liu Jingjing , Vila-Caballer Marian , Stauffer Philip E. , Tyson John J. , Finkielstein Carla V.
Published: November 2016

Significance

Cells sense changes in environmental conditions and translate them into physiological responses that are mediated by a plethora of molecular intermediaries that converge at critical nodes. This is particularly relevant to multiple levels of biological organization in which the circadian clock and cell division are interlocked. Unexpectedly, the circadian rhythms of two critical components of the interlocked system, Period 2 (Per2) and p53, were in antiphase. This finding was analyzed using a systematic modeling approach, and predictions of the model were validated by experimental studies that revealed a distinct and complex scenario. Accordingly, we show that the spatiotemporal organization of Per2:p53 interactions and the nature of their chemical modifications are critical for their time-dependent subcellular redistribution and potential biological functions.
Motor neuron disease, TDP-43 pathology, and memory deficits in mice expressing ALS–FTD-linked
UBQLN2
mutations
Authors: Le Nhat T. T. , Chang Lydia , Kovlyagina Irina , Georgiou Polymnia , Safren Nathaniel , Braunstein Kerstin E. , Kvarta Mark D. , Van Dyke Adam M. , LeGates Tara A. , Philips Thomas , Morrison Brett M. , Thompson Scott M. , Puche Adam C. , Gould Todd D. , Rothstein Jeffrey D. , Wong Philip C. , Monteiro Mervyn J.
Published: November 2016

Missense mutations in
ubiquilin 2
(
UBQLN2
) cause ALS with frontotemporal dementia (ALS–FTD). Animal models of ALS are useful for understanding the mechanisms of pathogenesis and for preclinical investigations. However, previous rodent models carrying
UBQLN2
mutations failed to manifest any sign of motor neuron disease. Here, we show that lines of mice expressing either the ALS–FTD-linked P497S or P506T
UBQLN2
mutations have cognitive deficits, shortened lifespans, and develop motor neuron disease, mimicking the human disease. Neuropathologic analysis of the mice with end-stage disease revealed the accumulation of ubiquitinated inclusions in the brain and spinal cord, astrocytosis, a reduction in the number of hippocampal neurons, and reduced staining of TAR-DNA binding protein 43 in the nucleus, with concomitant formation of ubiquitin
+
inclusions in the cytoplasm of spinal motor neurons. Moreover, both lines displayed denervation muscle atrophy and age-dependent loss of motor neurons that correlated with a reduction in the number of large-caliber axons. By contrast, two mouse lines expressing WT
UBQLN2
were mostly devoid of clinical and pathological signs of disease. These
UBQLN2
mouse models provide valuable tools for identifying the mechanisms underlying ALS–FTD pathogenesis and for investigating therapeutic strategies to halt disease.
Preclinical efficacy of a RAF inhibitor that evades paradoxical MAPK pathway activation in protein kinase
BRAF
-mutant lung cancer
Authors: Okimoto Ross A. , Lin Luping , Olivas Victor , Chan Elton , Markegard Evan , Rymar Andrey , Neel Dana , Chen Xiao , Hemmati Golzar , Bollag Gideon , Bivona Trever G.
Published: November 2016

Significance

Oncogenic mutations in the BRAF protein kinase occur in a large number of patients with lung cancer, the number one cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Despite the relatively high frequency (2–7%) of various oncogenic BRAF alleles in human lung adenocarcinoma (LA), the biological and clinical relevance of these mutations and the optimal therapeutic strategy to improve outcomes remains poorly defined. We report the preclinical efficacy of a next-generation BRAF kinase inhibitor across a spectrum of clinically relevant
BRAF
-mutant nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) models. Our results provide biological insight into the regulation of
BRAF
oncogene dependence and identify strategies to improve outcomes in patients with
BRAF
-mutant lung cancer.
Superhydrophobicity enhancement through substrate flexibility
Authors: Vasileiou Thomas , Gerber Julia , Prautzsch Jana , Schutzius Thomas M. , Poulikakos Dimos
Published: November 2016

Significance

Flexible materials are ubiquitous in everyday life and technology; however, their effect on wetting dynamics is not well understood. We explore the related physics and whether substrate flexibility can be made to work synergistically with surface microtexturing and nanotexturing to enhance superhydrophobicity. Remarkably, we show that, depending on substrate areal density, stiffness, and damping, a tunable collaborative effect of elasticity and superhydrophobicity can be realized. We identify the mechanism responsible for this enhancement with a simple collision model, and we propose design criteria for promoting this behavior. We exemplify the above discoveries, with materials ranging from man-made (thin steel or polymer sheets) to nature-made (butterfly wings).
Estimating Exploitation and Modeling the Effects of Hand Fishing on a Flathead Catfish Population in East Texas
Authors: Bodine Kristopher A. , Schlechte J. Warren , Ott Richard A. , Bennett Daniel L. , Norman Jacob D.
Published: November 2016

The recent legalization of hand fishing in Texas has prompted concern for the potential overharvest of catfish. Large (≥600 mm) Flathead Catfish Pylodictis olivaris are thought to be vulnerable to this angling method, and the potential effects of selectively harvesting large fish are not well understood. Therefore, in April 2013 we quantified size- and gear-specific exploitation of Flathead Catfish in Lake Palestine, Texas, by tagging 255 fish within three size-groups (457–599, 600–761, and ≥762 mm) with reward tags. We also quantified abundance, mortality (total and natural), and growth to simulate the effects of exploitation (particularly of size-groups targeted by hand fishing) on the Flathead Catfish population. Exploitation was low (3.2%), and size-specific harvest was less than 5% for all size-groups. Trotlines and hand fishing accounted for 100% of observed harvest (50% for each gear). Our models indicated that maximum sustainable yield would be achieved at 10% to 15% exploitation. Recruitment overfishing and growth overfishing were evident at about 15% to 20% exploitation. When we simulated increased exploitation by hand fishers only (achieved by only increasing exploitation of fish ≥762 mm), recruitment overfishing was not evident until 55% exploitation, and growth overfishing never occurred. These results indicate that the current low harvest by hand fishers will have little impact on yield or size structure of Flathead Catfish, and, in most scenarios, the current 457-mm minimum length limit can maintain a sustainable fishery. Undoubtedly, any additional harvest of trophy fish (≥762 mm) will reduce trophy fish abundance; however, exploitation of trophy fish (alone) would need to exceed 55% before populations become unsustainable.

Received February 9, 2016; accepted June 29, 2016 Published online November 10, 2016
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Artificial Fish Habitat Designs in Turbid Reservoirs Using Sonar Imagery
Authors: Baumann Jessica R. , Oakley N. Corey , McRae Brian J.
Published: November 2016

Artificial fish habitats have been widely deployed by fisheries managers to increase the concentration of fish at known locations, often without any validation of how well they meet management goals. This study used an innovative sampling method, sonar imagery, to visually evaluate artificial fish habitat designs and their effectiveness in concentrating fish in two turbid North Carolina Piedmont reservoirs. Habitats encompassed equal volumes, but materials and general designs varied; cube habitats were constructed from PVC pipes, plastic barrels, and corrugated plastic pipes, a commercially available product called Porcupine, or evergreen trees. We found that all habitats held significantly more fish than the control sites that were lacking vertical structure. Among artificial habitats, the cubed, corrugated pipe design concentrated significantly more fish than the other designs, and the biodegradability of habitat provided by bundled evergreen trees was reflected in reduced concentrations of fish over time.

Received January 28, 2016; accepted August 10, 2016 Published online November 10, 2016
Building Consensus on the Characteristics of Developmental Maturity: A Cross-Disciplinary Survey of Psychologists
Authors: Kemp Kathleen A. , Goldstein Naomi E. Sevin , Zelle Heather , Viljoen Jodi , Heilbrun Kirk , DeMatteo David
Published: November 2016

A critical step toward ensuring a consistent approach to and communication about the construct of developmental maturity is refinement of a general, unified representation of this construct across psychological subspecialties. The current study evaluated the core characteristics of developmental maturity by examining the factor structure of this broad concept. Results of an exploratory factor analysis supported a four-factor solution of developmental maturity: independent functioning, decision making, emotion regulation, and general cognitive processing. Overall, psychologists across subspecialties did not differ significantly in their ratings of items across the four factors. Findings contribute to a cross-disciplinary, comprehensive, and operational definition of developmental maturity.
ROCK1 but not ROCK2 contributes to RhoA signaling and NMIIA-mediated contractility at the epithelial zonula adherens
Authors: Priya Rashmi , Liang Xuan , Teo Jessica L. , Duszyc Kinga , Yap Alpha S. , Gomez Guillermo A.
Published: November 2016

Rho kinases (ROCK1 and ROCK2) function downstream of the small GTPase RhoA to drive actomyosin cytoskeletal remodeling. It has often been believed that ROCK1 and ROCK2 may be functionally redundant, as they share a highly conserved kinase domain. However, in this study, we report differential functional effects for these ROCKs at the epithelial zonula adherens (ZA). Using specific siRNA, we found that ROCK1 depletion disrupted cadherin organization at the ZA, accompanied by loss of F-actin and NMIIA, whereas ROCK2 knockdown had no significant effect. Further, ROCK1, but not ROCK2, was necessary to stabilize GTP-RhoA at the ZA, thereby sustaining junctional tension and inhibiting intraepithelial cell movement. We also found that nonmuscle myosin IIA is a major determinant of ROCK1 cortical stability. Thus, despite sharing the catalytic domain with ROCK2, ROCK1 appears to be the dominant kinase essential for junctional integrity and contractile tension at epithelial ZA.
Measuring mechanodynamics in an unsupported epithelial monolayer grown at an air–water interface
Authors: Gullekson Corinne , Walker Matthew , Harden James L. , Pelling Andrew E.
Published: November 2016

Actomyosin contraction and relaxation in a monolayer is a fundamental biophysical process in development and homeostasis. Current methods used to characterize the mechanodynamics of monolayers often involve cells grown on solid supports such as glass or gels. The results of these studies are fundamentally influenced by these supporting structures. Here we describe a new method for measuring the mechanodynamics of epithelial monolayers by culturing cells at an air–liquid interface. These model monolayers are grown in the absence of any supporting structures, removing cell–substrate effects. This method’s potential was evaluated by observing and quantifying the generation and release of internal stresses upon actomyosin contraction (800 ± 100 Pa) and relaxation (600 ± 100 Pa) in response to chemical treatments. Although unsupported monolayers exhibited clear major and minor strain axes, they were not correlated with nuclear alignment as observed when the monolayers were grown on soft deformable gels. It was also observed that both gels and glass substrates led to the promotion of long-range cell nuclei alignment not seen in the hanging-drop model. This new approach provides us with a picture of basal actomyosin mechanodynamics in a simplified system, allowing us to infer how the presence of a substrate affects contractility and long-range multicellular organization and dynamics.
Pseudo-Bullous Dermatosis Induced by Topical Anesthetic Agent—Clues to This Localized Toxic Reaction
Authors: Kieliszak Christopher R. , Griffin John R. , Pollinger Tess H. , Junkins-Hopkins Jacqueline M.
Published: November 2016

Eutectic mixture of 2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine (EMLA AstraZeneca, DE) is a widely used topical anesthetic cream for preprocedural cutaneous analgesia. In addition to potential clinical cutaneous and systemic adverse effects, EMLA may also induce microscopic changes detectable by light and electron microscopy leading to difficulty in accurate diagnosis. We report the case of a biopsy demonstrating EMLA-induced histopathologic changes. The biopsy was taken from the back of a 5-month-old infant and submitted to rule out psoriasis. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of the biopsy demonstrated spongiosis and a noninflammatory subepidermal bulla, raising the histopathologic possibility of epidermolysis bullosa. Further investigation confirmed that EMLA was applied under occlusion before biopsy. A second biopsy without topical anesthetic did not demonstrate a bulla and supported the clinical diagnosis of psoriasiform dermatitis. Our case highlights the importance of awareness of EMLA-induced histopathologic changes to avoid potential misdiagnosis. The histopathologic findings of this case in conjunction with other previously reported cases of EMLA-induced bullae were analyzed. Vacuolization of the basal and suprabasilar layer, pallor and swelling of upper layer epidermal keratinocytes, a pauci-inflammatory cleavage beneath or within the basal layer, basophilic granular karyorrhectic debris in the subepidermal cleft, and congestion of papillary dermal vessels characterized the biopsy findings of this localized adverse reaction.
A CASE OF POSTERIOR UVEAL EFFUSION SYNDROME MASQUERADING AS UVEITIS
Authors: Liu Qingyun , Hemarat Kornwipa , Kayser Denise L. , Stewart Jay M.
Published: November 2016

Purpose:

To report a case of posterior uveal effusion syndrome presented and treated as posterior uveitis.

Methods:

We report one case of a 73-year-old woman with posterior uveal effusion syndrome who developed bilateral chorioretinal folds, treated as uveitis, who did not resolve on oral steroids.

Results:

Nasal choroidal thickening and intraretinal fluid were present in both eyes, along with choroidal folds and yellowish pigmentary changes in the macula.

Conclusion:

Posterior uveal effusion syndrome can present with features that can mimic uveitis.
Early Results of the Modified Right Atrial Lesion Set for the Cox-Cryomaze Procedure
Authors: Cheema Faisal Habib , Younus Muhammad Amir , Siddiqui Osama T. , Younus Muhammad Jabran , Mahmood Muhammad Arif , Pervez Mohammad Bin , Roberts Harold G.
Published: November 2016

Objective

The standard right atrial lesion (RAL) set, as originally outlined in the Cox-Maze III procedure, can be technically challenging when using a cryoprobe to create the lesions. We report our initial experience with an alternative set of RALs for the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods

Between September 2011 and January 2015, a total of 112 patients underwent a CryoMaze procedure with biatrial lesions using argon-based cryoablation (cryoprobe temperature, −160°C). Although the standard left atrial lesion set was used, the RAL pattern was modified in this cohort of patients. The intracaval superior vena cava-inferior vena cava lesion was performed as in the pattern described for the standard Cox-Maze III procedure. In addition, a horizontal atriotomy incision (the “T” lesion) in the mid free wall of the right atrium was based roughly in the midintercaval line and extended medially as a linear cryolesion to the lateral tricuspid annulus at the so-called 2-o'clock position as in the Cox-Maze III lesion pattern. Ordinarily, a linear cryolesion would be placed from the tip of the right atrial appendage (RAA) to the anterior tricuspid annulus at the so-called 10-o'clock position to prevent macro re-entry around the base of the RA appendage. Our modification consisted of, instead, a linear cryolesion directed perpendicularly from the mid portion of the atriotomy (T lesion) to the tip of the RA appendage, which simply interrupted RAA re-entry at another point.

Results

The mean ± standard deviation age was 72.7 ± 10.6 years, 56.3% were males, and 63.1% had long-standing persistent AF. There were three operative deaths (2.6% with an observed over expected of 0.58), all in the concomitant procedures with associated cardiac disease. Overall follow-up was 91.3%. Freedom from AF at discharge, 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-, 24-month, and last follow-up [16.1 ±11.3 months (range, 0.4–43 months)], was 100%, 76.3%, 84.2%, 98.3%, 89.5%, 89.2%, and 90.5%, respectively. Similarly, freedom from antiarrhythmic drugs was 74% and 81%, whereas freedom from anticoagulants was 72% and 78% at 12 and 24 months, respectively.

Conclusions

These results suggest the modified RAL set to be an effective alternative to the traditional RALs of Cox-Maze III. By substituting this lateral RAA lesion for the more technically difficult medial lesion, the procedure becomes easier to perform and favorably impacts operative time while achieving comparable results in reducing AF burden.
Older Individuals Meeting Medicare Cochlear Implant Candidacy Criteria in Noise but Not in Quiet: Are These Patients Improved by Surgery?
Authors: Mudery Jordan A. , Francis Ross , McCrary Hilary , Jacob Abraham
Published: November 2016

Objective:

To investigate postoperative hearing outcomes in older patients who qualified for cochlear implant (CI) by Medicare criteria using AZBio sentence tests performed in noise but not in quiet.

Study Design:

Review of patient records.

Setting:

University-based otology/neurotology practice.

Patients:

The senior author performed 136 CI between January 2013 and September 2015. Starting in 2013, CI candidacy evaluation included AZBio sentence tests performed in quiet and noise. For the current study, older patients with preoperative AZBio scores greater than 40% in quiet but less than 40% in noise (+10 or +5 dB signal to noise ratio [SNR]) and follow up >/=6 months were included.

Intervention(s):

Cochlear implantation in one ear.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Pre- versus postoperative AZBio sentence test scores.

Results:

Fifteen patients with an average age of 73 years (range, 59–91) met inclusion criteria. Preoperative AZBio scores for the implanted ear averaged 47% points in quiet and 9% points in noise (+10 or +5 dB SNR). Preoperative bilateral AZBio scores averaged 70% points in quiet and 24% points in noise (+10 or +5 dB SNR). Postoperative AZBio scores for the implanted ear improved an average of 71% points in quiet and 51% points in noise. Postoperative bilateral hearing improved 23% points in quiet and 27% points in noise.

Conclusion:

All patients undergoing CI candidacy testing should be tested in both quiet and noise conditions. For those who qualify only in noise, our results demonstrate that cochlear implantation typically improves hearing both in quiet and noise.
Development of a Model of Pediatric Lung Failure Pathophysiology
Authors: Trahanas John M. , Alghanem Fares , Ceballos-Muriel Catalina , Hoffman Hayley R. , Xu Alice , Deatrick Kristopher B. , Cornell Marie S. , Rojas-Pena Alvaro , Bartlett Robert H. , Hirschl Ronald B.
Published: November 2016

A pediatric artificial lung (PAL) is under development as a bridge to transplantation or lung remodeling for children with end-stage lung failure (ESLF). To evaluate the efficiency of a PAL, a disease model mimicking the physiologic derangements of pediatric ESLF is needed. Our previous right pulmonary artery (rPA) ligation model (rPA-LM) achieved that goal, but caused immediate mortality in nearly half of the animals. In this study, we evaluated a new technique of gradual postoperative right pulmonary artery occlusion using a Rummel tourniquet (rPA-RT) in seven (25–40 kg) sheep. This technique created a stable model of ESLF pathophysiology, characterized by high alveolar dead space (58.0% ± 3.8%), pulmonary hypertension (38.4 ± 2.2 mm Hg), tachypnea (79 ± 20 breaths per minute), and intermittent supplemental oxygen requirement. This improvement to our technique provides the necessary physiologic derangements for testing a PAL, whereas avoiding the problem of high immediate perioperative mortality.