bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges to the Heir Apparent
Authors: Green Matthew N. , Harris Douglas B.
Published: September 2019

This chapter focuses on challenges to the heir apparent, when, despite an established pattern of succession, a lawmaker wishing to ascend the so-called leadership ladder to a newly vacant position is challenged by another candidate. These types of races often occur when the heir apparent is politically vulnerable or a sizeable group of partisans support a rival on political or personal grounds. The chapter analyzes three challenges to the heir apparent. The first was probably the most famous example of this type of race in the contemporary House—the 1976 race for Democratic majority leader—and the other two were races for Republican majority leader in early 2006 and, after that year's congressional elections, Democratic majority leader. In all three instances, one of the candidates running for majority leader was serving as whip, a position that at the time was the “natural” precursor to becoming leader.
Managing a Global Resource
Authors: Barbier Edward B.
Published: September 2019

This chapter focuses on the global management of water resources. There are two pressing global issues emerging from the current water paradox: potential conflicts over transboundary water resources and “water grabbing.” To a large extent, the problems associated with water grabbing have their roots in the mismanagement of water globally. If adequate institutions, incentives, and innovation for managing freshwater were adopted worldwide, then acquiring land and water resources overseas by water-scarce countries may not have such negative consequences. Effective transboundary agreements on sharing water could reduce the incentive for powerful countries to target weaker neighbors for water grabbing. However, acquiring water and land resources overseas still needs international regulation and monitoring. One way to do this is for countries that are currently responsible for much of the water grabbing worldwide to collaborate with the main targeted countries to form an international body for overseeing large-scale global water and land acquisitions.
Epilogue, as Prologue
Authors: O'Hara Matthew D.
Published: September 2019

This concluding chapter looks at the discovery of a perplexing set of documents created in New Spain. Referred to as títulos primordiales, or primordial titles, the sources described the founding of Indigenous communities in the aftermath of the Spanish conquest in the sixteenth century. The títulos resonate strongly with other colonial documents of futuremaking and the shared ways of relating to time surveyed throughout this book. The Indigenous authors of the primordial titles engaged in a radical act of situating themselves in time: they marshaled the resources of the past, the resources of memory, and the resources of tradition to achieve goals in the present and craft diverse futures. Sometimes they presented their assembled resources as a narrative of the sixteenth-century present, at other times in the form of history or chronicle.
Collecting, Recording, and Practical Knowledge
Authors: Teplitsky Joshua
Published: September 2019

This chapter explores how David Oppenheim's library offered him a means to assert superiority over his rabbinic colleagues on account of his ability to marshal and manage an ever-growing body of documentation and knowledge. Oppenheim's library was a product of the emergent pan-European development and provided him with a vehicle for shaping his place in the religious and social culture of the early modern period. His library-as-archive contributed to administering the autonomous life of early modern Jews in Moravia and Bohemia, across the German lands, and into the Jewish courts of Italy. By amassing, archiving, and mobilizing information, Oppenheim used his collection to interweave personal prestige with institutional practice. Indeed, acquired with family wealth, and symbolic of courtly influence, the library was used by both Oppenheim and a constituency of rabbinic and communal leaders to shape the legal, ritual, and daily lives of an even wider array of ordinary Jews in early modern Europe.
Imperial Identities
Authors: Larson Deborah Welch , Shevchenko Alexei
Published: September 2019

This chapter contrasts Imperial China's satisfaction with its identity as the Middle Kingdom ruling over tributary states with Russia's insecurity over its relative economic backwardness and exclusion from the European great power club. Beginning with Peter the Great, Russian rulers sought to supplant first Sweden and Poland, then the Ottoman Empire, as members of the great power club. In the mid-nineteenth century, both China and Russia suffered threats to their international standing. China's defeats by the barbarian powers in the 1839–42 and 1856–60 Opium wars gave rise to an identity crisis. After the industrial revolution, Russia also declined in relative power and status, as revealed by its 1856 defeat in the Crimean War. A succession of Russian diplomatic defeats by Germany and Austria over the Balkans, culminating with the military disaster of World War I, further undermined the legitimacy of the tsarist regime.
Status and Identity after the Cold War
Authors: Larson Deborah Welch , Shevchenko Alexei
Published: September 2019

This chapter analyzes the varying responses of China and Russia to the collapse of communism and the breakup of the Soviet Union—the most serious threats to Chinese and Russian identities and status since the First World War. Frustrated with lack of recognition and respect by the United States and other Western powers, both China and Russia briefly pursued policies of social competition, but learned that efforts to compete with the United States were embarrassingly futile. China and Russia then adopted social creativity strategies for acquiring prestige—China as a responsible world power, and Russia as a partner with the United States in the War on Terror. China's “peaceful rise” strategy was welcomed by the United States, whereas Putin's cooperation after 9/11 was not reciprocated. Russia began to assert its right to a droit de regard in neighboring areas and to advocate a multipolar order, culminating in the 2014 takeover of Crimea and destabilizing of Ukraine.
Unaccompanied migrant youth in the Nordic countries
Authors: Lidén Hilde
Published: September 2019

This chapter explores the ambiguities and changes in regulations concerning unaccompanied asylum-seeking minors within, as well across, the Nordic countries, with regard to the gap between restrictions, new policies and practices on one hand, and the human rights standards set out in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and in immigrant-related legislation on the other. The chapter focuses on Sweden, Denmark and Norway. The chapter draws on research combining studies on documents and legal analyses (human rights conventions, national laws, regulations and court cases); an analysis of quantitative data from immigration authorities to identify particular areas of concern; and qualitative research, including fieldwork and interviews with unaccompanied minors, staff in reception centres, legal guardians and immigration authorities. The chapter highlights the growth in the discourse and policy of stricter immigration regulations over the best interests of the child.
Introduction: intersections of ageing, gender and sexualities
Authors: King Andrew , Almack Kathryn , Jones Rebecca L.
Published: September 2019

This opening chapter details how this book emerged and developed, its key themes and structure. In so doing, the chapter will discuss intersectionality, multi-disciplinarity and why this is a timely and important edited collection. The chapter discusses how it is important that the intersections of ageing, gender and sexualities are considered together, alongside other sources of social division and identity.
Sexual and gender diversity, ageing and elder care in South Africa: voices and realities
Authors: Reygan Finn , Khan Jamil
Published: September 2019

While South Africa is a world leader in terms of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) rights, the disjuncture between policy and practice—especially for more invisible cohorts within LGBTI communities—means that the formal rights that exist are often not translated into practice. There is no research to date in South Africa on sexual and gender minority ageing and LGBTI elders remain almost entirely invisible in terms of policy and public service provision. The chapter focuses on African perspectives on ageing and presents the narrative account of an older lesbian couple. Findings are that the experiences of ageing for African LGBTI elders are necessarily inflected through community norms and through power, privilege and oppression. Recommendations include the capacitation of home based support services to engage the needs of LGBTI elders and the inclusion of sexual and gender diversity in policy and approaches to the care of older people
The social structure of transnational practices
Authors: Salamońska Justyna , Recchi Ettore
Published: September 2019

This chapter argues that mobilities – in their plural and multidimensional manifestations – shape the everyday lives of Europeans on a much larger scale than has so far been recognised. The chapter’s interest lies particularly in cross-border mobilities, as these erode the ‘container’ nature of nation state societies. Expanding on previous research on international migration within the EU, we contend that the process of European integration goes hand in hand with globalisation and leads to enhanced relations among individuals that obliterate national boundaries. Through regression analysis and multiple correspondence analysis, the chapter examines to what extent country- and individual-level factors structure these ‘mobility styles’, documenting how access to movement is strongly mediated by socioeconomic status, but also cognitive capacities, both among nationals and non-nationals. We find that the overall robust effects of socioeconomic differences (education, income and gender, in particular) operate quite differently across national contexts.
Transnational Turkey: the everyday transnationalism and diversity of Turkish populations in Europe
Authors: Duru Deniz Neriman , Favell Adrian , Varela Albert
Published: September 2019

This chapter surveys the social transnationalism of the hugely diverse Turkish populations to be found in five of the EU member states in the EUCROSS study. It provides a portrait of a nationality well recognised as the most transnational in the continent, despite not enjoying the privilege of EU citizenship. The chapter stresses the internal heterogeneity of the population: Turkish nationals in different locations need careful distinguishing in terms of ethnicity – notably our samples of ethnic Turks and Kurds – socioeconomic status, religion and politics. Older stereotypes based on low-end ‘guest worker migration’ and linear models of immigration and integration no longer apply easily to the Turkish in Europe. Combining quantitative and qualitative data, the chapter surveys the social transnationalism which anchors Turkey in Europe, and then goes on to explore the political transnationalism of Turks revealed by their varying stances towards the Gezi Park protests of 2013, which took place as fieldwork was being conducted.
Is social transnationalism fusing European societies into one?
Authors: Recchi Ettore
Published: September 2019

This final chapter steps beyond the bounds of the project and the data it provides, and asks what may now be said about a question raised in earlier rounds of the Sociology of the EU. Is the emerging social transnationalism outlined in the present book leading to something like a ‘European society’, and are we thus heading towards a fusion of national societies in Europe? Four critical dimensions are explored: borders, inequality patterns, social norms and practices, and sense of belonging. Findings indicate that since the 1990s: a) supranational and national borders have both become more salient; b) levels of income inequality and welfare coverage have converged within countries, but diverged between countries; c) significant social norms and practices are not shared by equivalent proportions of national populations; and d) one third of EU residents continue to see themselves in exclusively national terms, while the other two thirds feel only ‘mildly European’. The chapter discusses to what extent broader processes of the centralisation of power through the EU, imitation and transnationalism may have affected societal convergence, positing that it is the persisting nation-state monopoly of security and socialisation that fundamentally hampers it.
Introduction
Authors: Bates Charlotte
Published: September 2019

This book is the story of twelve people, each living with illness. Based on ethnographic research conducted over one year, it unfolds everyday experiences of living with a long term physical or mental health condition. In doing so, the book offers an innovative account of the body, health and illness in everyday life told from a sociological perspective.
Funding community organising: diversifying sources, democratising civil society
Authors: Fisher Robert , Balazard Hélène
Published: September 2019

This chapter recognises the variety, complexity, and contested politics of community organising — a practice that ranges from consensus-based community building to more conflict-oriented grassroots organising confronting oppression. It focuses on the need for movement-like organising for economic and social justice at the local level and beyond. The chapter makes the case that an over-reliance on progressive philanthropic sources has resulted in the underfunding of community organising. It has also contributed to the depoliticisation of ‘civil society’ and has obscured the potential role the state can play in achieving egalitarian social change. The chapter argues that it is time to diversify funding sources for community organising and to re-evaluate debates in the field about the limits and difficulties associated with state funding.
What have we learned?
Authors: Lloyd Robert B. , Haussman Melissa , James Patrick
Published: September 2019

The chapter summarizes our findings about the roles of national health systems and ngo’s as well as the international ones in addressing health concerns in the three countries under study. Since many of the health-care issues discussed have been specifically gendered, we look at the opening provided to both faith-based and secular ngo’s under the MDG framework since 2000. We posit future areas of research affecting the interaction of secular and faith-based health providers in Africa.
Bringing inequality closer: A comparative outlook at socially diverse neighbourhoods in Chicago and Santiago de Chile1
Authors: Ruiz-Tagle Javier
Published: September 2019

This chapter addresses the issues of segregation and social mix by comparing two socially diverse neighbourhoods in Chicago (Cabrini Green and Near North) and Santiago (La Loma and La Florida area). It aims to understand how social relationships can be modified by a change in spatial configurations, questioning whether intergroup physical proximity triggers other processes of integration, notably functional, relational, and symbolic integration. Social mix leads to more amenities and some institutional change, but not to upward social mobility for the poor. Moreover, intergroup relationships in these socially mixed neighbourhoods are marked by fear, distrust, and avoidance and governed by increased material and symbolic competition. Ultimately, the physical proximity of social mix conceals the persistence of inequality and the forces that are actively maintaining segregation.
Support
Authors: Kay-Flowers Susan
Published: September 2019

This chapter outlines the support available to children at the time of their parents’ separation and post separation changes. It explains how some children had access to support from their parent(s) and other members of their family, particularly grandmothers. In some cases children were supported by a wide range of extended family members including aunts, uncles and cousins. In contrast some children identified no one who supported them at this time. Children’s access to support within the family is examined in relation to its impact on their accommodation of parental separation. Their opportunity to talk to someone about their parents’ separation is also examined. Respondents identified fewer people they were able to talk to than sources of support but many were able to talk to parent(s) particularly their resident parent. Siblings were often identified as someone children could talk to rather than sources of support. Friends were particularly important to those in late childhood and teenage years. Some children spoke to professionals about their parents’ separation, the level of accommodation they showed varied according to who they spoke to and the opportunity to exercise agency in these discussion appeared to be a significant factor.
Abortion discourses: religion, culture, nation
Authors: Bloomer Fiona , Pierson Claire , Claudio Sylvia Estrada
Published: September 2019

This chapter explores the interplay of culture, nationalism and religion and their interaction with legality and access to abortion in particular contexts. Starting from the position that institutions do not operate in a vacuum but are influenced by values and norms which makes them part of the cultural fabric of a society, the chapter explores gendered notions of nationalism and culture. The role of faith based organisations in shaping international policy illustrates how religious norms shape conservatism and alternately how liberal organisations challenge such norms. A consideration of transitional societies allows for an analysis of how abortion is positioned in a framework whereby cultural, national and religious norms typically influence conservative discourses. In such settings gender rights becomes subservient to national and cultural identity or alternately may become core to legal reform. Two case studies, Northern Ireland and South Africa, illustrate how abortion discourses are shaped in transitioning societies.
Co-designing for a better future: Re-imagining the modernist dream at Park Hill, Sheffield
Authors: Chiles Prue , Ritchie Louise , Pahl Kate
Published: September 2019

This chapter describes a project in which residents shared their visions for making themselves at home in Park Hill flats. The research team conducted a series of ‘events’ with residents, all aimed at exchanging views about the ways in which it was possible to live within the space. Architecturally, Park Hill offers a very different view of how architecture could be, and the socialist vision of the modernist Park Hill Estate in Sheffield was very much of its time. Now subject to urban re-development, we consider, with residents, the potential of Park Hill for a different kind of urban living, that embraces design as a mode of being.
Objects of loss: resilience, continuity and learning in material culture relationships
Authors: Manchester Helen
Published: September 2019

This chapter discusses resilience as a response to the ordinary experiences of loss in later life: loss of relationships, loss of a home, and loss of objects. It specifically looks at issues around memory and material culture with particular emphasis on decluttering and downsizing as a necessary process over the lifecourse, especially when individuals move into care. Resilience here is described in relation to attachment to place and investment in a personal material culture that may help older people moving into care to continue with their lives in the face of loss. The chapter then suggests the importance of attending to the material lives of older people in providing opportunities for them to reflect on their lives, identities, and relationships. Caring practices may need to be developed that offer greater support for the process of materially moving to ‘a home’ from ‘my home’.
Political control or legitimacy deficit? Bureaucracies’ symbolic responses to bottom-up public pressure
Authors: Alon-Barkat Saar , Gilad Sharon
Published: September 2019

Public administration research has focused on bureaucracies’responses to top-down pressures by elected politicians. By comparison, bureaucracies' responses to bottom-up public pressures, such as media coverage and social protest, and the micro-mechanisms that underlie variation in their response, have received less attention. This study analyses the extent to which subjection to political control shapes direct response of bureaucracies to bottom-up public pressures. Based on current literature, we explore two distinct micro-mechanisms: firstly, building, inter alia, on principal–agent theory, we would expect higher levels of political control to render bureaucracies more attentive to public pressures in order to pre-empt intervention by politicians who are reliant on public support (principal–agent mechanism). Conversely, building on regulation theory, we would expect autonomous agencies to exhibit attentiveness to salient public pressures to compensate for their precarious democratic legitimacy (legitimacy-deficit mechanism). Empirically, we analyse the responses of a diverse set of 36 bureaucracies to unprecedented social protests taking place in Israel during 2011. We focus on bureaucracies', including independent agencies', symbolic responses via advertising campaigns. Our analysis shows that higher levels of political control enhanced the inclination of bureaucracies to engage in symbolic interactions in response to social protests, supporting our extended version of the principal–agent model.
Mediatised local government: social media activity and media strategies among local government officials 1989–2010
Authors: Djerf-Pierre Monika , Pierre Jon
Published: September 2019

The article examines how local government officials in Sweden use social media and to what extent the emergence of social media has altered the relationship to conventional news media. The article examines the development of local government-media relations across time on the basis of a unique survey-based data set comparing the local political and administrative leadership's media strategies in 1989 and 2010. The 2010 survey also included questions on how local officials in Sweden use social media in their work, that is, Facebook, Twitter and blogs. The results show that local officials have appropriated social media in their work, but only to a moderate extent. Local officials engage in social media if and when the local government becomes the target of social media scrutiny. Our study also demonstrates that social media have not replaced conventional media as a means of communication with constituencies. Indeed, officials who are active social media users have more contacts with conventional media compared to less active officials. Social media thus contribute to an intensification of the mediatisation of local governance rather than replacing conventional media in local political communication.
No strings attached? An exploration of employment support services offered by third sector homelessness organisations
Authors: Jones Katy
Published: September 2019

In exchange for their receipt of conditional benefits such as JobSeekers Allowance and Universal Credit, people experiencing homelessness are expected to engage in mandatory job search or other work-related activities. However, many homeless people have become alienated from mainstream employment support as a result of difficulties in meeting these compulsory conditions. Recognising their exclusion from the mainstream welfare system, this chapter focuses on an alternative source of employment support for homeless adults - that offered by third sector homelessness organisations. Drawing on new data from interviews with homelessness practitioners, it uncovers a range of employment-related support available to homeless people accessing support from third sector providers. It then considers two key potentially contradictory issues. First, whilst a range of employment-related support services delivered by third sector organisations’ own programmes and initiatives are identified, much of this appears to be focussed on mitigating the impacts of the increasingly conditional nature of the statutory welfare system. Second, while appearing critical of the increasingly conditional statutory system and the impacts that a punitive welfare state is having on those they are supporting, some of the approaches adopted by these agencies also incorporate elements of conditionality.
Introduction
Authors: Gibson Matthew
Published: September 2019

This chapter outlines the importance of pride and shame as emotions for understanding and analysing social, cultural, and psychological processes in interpersonal interactions. It makes the case for the relevance of pride and shame in professional practice, while outlining the research that has been undertaken to date on these emotions in the field of social work. This provides details of the ethnographic case study that was used in constructivist grounded theory research to investigate the role of pride and shame in child and family social work. This chapter then outlines the details of the study that is used as the foundation for the book and summarises the following chapters.
Shaping heritage in the landscape among communities past and present
Authors: Vergunst Jo , Curtis Elizabeth , Curtis Neil , Oliver Jeff , Shepherd Colin
Published: September 2019

This chapter discusses how ways of knowing the past can alter significantly when the landscape is encountered through collaborative means. This is not intended as a straightforward evaluation of a further case study of community archaeology. Instead, it is about the broader terms of temporality and landscape in which community archaeology and related forms of heritage research could engage. The empowerment that scholars engaged in public or community archaeology speak of can be usefully conceived of in terms of the ability to imagine the possible futures of heritage sites and their associated communities, and to help bring them into being. Empowerment may be complicated by different agendas, perspectives, and politics; yet, at the same time, it is these very processes that give the edge to heritage research by purposefully bringing in multiple voices and practices.
Empire and ethnocentric education
Authors: Tomlinson Sally
Published: September 2019

Chapter I notes that while necessarily selective of historical events, explanations for the 2016 Brexit vote, trade wars, race and migrant antagonisms and hatreds must start with the British Empire, especially in the later 19th century when power and wealth were concentrated in a white world. Racial ignorance and assumptions of national superiority have continued into the 21st century. The chapter discusses the emergence of mass education from around 1870 which was influenced by events associated with imperialism and its ideologies. It records that British values and invented traditions, imbued with nationalism, militarism and racial arrogance, were filtered down from public schools to state secondary and elementary school. Teaching, textbooks and youth literature reflected and entrenched beliefs in the superiority of white people and distrust of foreigners. There were some signs that the white working class recognised a connection between imperial rule and their own class position.
Inequalities, a European Union and education markets, 1990-97
Authors: Tomlinson Sally
Published: September 2019

This chapter demonstrates that during the 1990s more tensions emerged over immigration after the signing of the Maarstricht Treaty on European Union in 1992 which guaranteed free movement of capital, services and people. There was also a surge in the number of refugees and asylum seekers from global conflicts. The 1991 Census included an ‘ethnic question’ and the geographical spread of settled minorities became clearer. Political ideologies of a white indigenous nation became more closely tied to assertions that a white majority were missing out in housing, health services and education. The chapter discusses the legislation which encompassed almost every aspect of education, turning education into a marketplace with parental ‘choice’ and competition between schools. The government took control of the curriculum and assessment and multicultural dimensions were derided and dismissed Much teacher preparation and university courses on race and education disappeared over the decade. Prime Minister Major left office declaring policies must be ‘colour blind’ and just tackle disadvantage.
Class Acts? A comparative analysis of modern slavery legislation across the UK
Authors: Brotherton Vicky
Published: September 2019

In 2015, three new Acts had passed into law: the Modern Slavery Act (MSA), the Human Trafficking and Exploitation (Criminal Justice and Support for Victims) Act, and the Human Trafficking and Exploitation (Scotland) Act. The three Acts are comprehensive in scope and include: a raft of new criminal offences; measures aimed at preventing modern slavery; support provisions for child and adult victims; and in the MSA, the role of an Independent Anti-Slavery Commissioner and a ‘Transparency in Supply Chains’ provision, aimed at improving businesses' response to slavery and exploitation. This chapter considers the key, comparable provisions across the three Acts — assessing if and how they differ from each other and from standards in international law. It also details the extent of their implementation and impact to date.
Migrant illegality, slavery and exploitative work
Authors: Lewis Hannah , Waite Louise
Published: September 2019

This chapter considers the position of migrants in the UK who experience severe labour exploitation. It addresses how — or whether — the emerging ‘modern slavery complex’ can adequately respond to the production and continuation of unfree labour relationships that produce conditions now grouped under the umbrella of ‘modern slavery’. It starts from the point of understanding severe labour exploitation as emerging within a set of multidimensional processes embedded in the operation of labour markets and economies. This includes employer relationships with employees, migrants' work and migration trajectories, and socio-economic and family status. For migrant workers, the backdrop of hostile immigration policies and politics is an important framer.
The UK’s approach to tackling modern slavery in a European context
Authors: Skrivankova Klara
Published: September 2019

This chapter discusses a transnational response to trafficking in human beings, with reference mainly to some key media stories and legal cases that have been influential in understandings and legal definitions of forced labour/modern slavery. In doing so, it places the UK response to date firmly within a European context. The chapter focuses three responses to trafficking. First, the need for law enforcement cooperation to deal with the criminal aspects of trafficking in both countries of origin and countries of destination. Second, the need for developing international understanding of trafficking to ensure that national and international aspects of the rule of law itself are fit for purpose where it relates to international norms and standards. Third, the need for extra-territorial legislation to deal with slavery and forced labour carried out by citizens, including corporate citizens, in third countries.
Introduction: From surviving to thriving?
Authors: Boyden Jo , Dawes Andrew , Dornan Paul , Tredoux Colin
Published: September 2019

This introductory chapter provides a background of the Young Lives study, which began in 2001. Young Lives was set up during a period of optimism for global development associated with the Millennium Declaration, with the aim of informing the Millennium Development Goals to reduce poverty. At the time, data on child poverty in low- and middle-income countries were scarce and inconsistent. It was clear, however, that this was a very significant problem. Young Lives has been collecting detailed information on a wide range of topics — including health, nutrition, education, time use, and psychosocial wellbeing — from 12,000 boys and girls living in diverse sites across the four study countries, as well as from schools attended by some of the children. These study countries include Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam.
Adolescence and youth: A time of responsibility and transformation
Authors: Boyden Jo , Dawes Andrew , Dornan Paul , Tredoux Colin
Published: September 2019

This chapter focuses on adolescence and youth, which is increasingly accepted as a particularly sensitive phase of human development, characterised by significant changes in the brain and body. Much is made of the heightened brain plasticity and emotional responsiveness during this period, wherein learning and adaptation are accelerated. This is the primary rationale for viewing adolescence as a second critical window for policy interventions to build on investments in early life and boost later chances. Indeed, there has been considerable policy momentum around adolescent sexual and reproductive health, community engagement, and labour market readiness. Adolescents are also touched by many of the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 4 on quality education and SDG 8 on decent work and economic growth.
Conclusion: Learning from the experiences of Young Lives children
Authors: Boyden Jo , Dawes Andrew , Dornan Paul , Tredoux Colin
Published: September 2019

This concluding chapter summarises key messages and reflects on what has been learned from running the Young Lives study. There are six key reflections from the Young Lives study. First is the value of talking to children themselves in both qualitative and survey research. Second is the value of multidisciplinary perspectives for public policy research. Third is the centrality of maintaining respectful and effective engagement with research participants. Fourth is the importance of long-term partnerships for effective research and policy engagement. Fifth is the usefulness of international comparison and the balance between this and national specificity. Finally, it is important to value the type of knowledge a study like Young Lives generates. Young Lives is a resource that can be used by future researchers to extend the boundaries of what is known about children, poverty, and human development.
Polish migration to the UK
Authors: Duda-Mikulin Eva A.
Published: September 2019

Chapter two includes an overview of EU migration to the UK and migrants’ characteristics with the message that migration to the UK is not new. People have been migrating since forever; recently however, the issue of migration has been elevated to a key national concern in the UK and beyond. It is now one of the most contentious and divisive matters in contemporary Britain and globally. Meanwhile, the government continually fails to deliver on its promise to reduce net migration to the tens of thousands, but should it? This chapter presents and discusses most up-to-date existing statistical data in relation to EU migration to the UK and migrant characteristics. These are contrasted with new qualitative data from women migrants from Poland to the UK. This chapter provides an explanation of the current complexities related to EU nationals’ legal status in the UK. Finally, a series of interview extracts are presented to illustrate the abovementioned points.
The British paid labour market1
Authors: Duda-Mikulin Eva A.
Published: September 2019

Chapter three explores the British paid labour market and more specifically economic migration to the UK and its impact with the message that migrants contribute through taxation and alleviating labour and skills shortages. I discuss existing statistical data on UK’s labour force and its characteristics. This quantitative data is complemented with rich qualitative accounts from recent Polish women migrants to the UK. Different sectors of the economy are explored, in particular agriculture, hospitality, customer services and healthcare. These are said to be most reliant on workforce from the EU. Data on population characteristics is analysed taking into account the fact that it is ageing rapidly as is the rest of Europe. This increases the need for foreign-born labour to take on jobs unpopular with British workers, particularly when the EU labour force is younger and fitter in comparison to UK-born workers. This also suggests that after Brexit the UK is likely to experience issues with staff recruitment and labour shortages in certain areas of the economy. The chapter is supported by extracts from qualitative interviews with women migrants from Poland with the aim to bring in real-life stories from those who took advantage of the right to free movement.
Brexit – the UK’s exit from the European Union1
Authors: Duda-Mikulin Eva A.
Published: September 2019

The fourth chapter focuses on Brexit – the UK’s exit from the EU with key point being around disrupted livelihoods of EU migrant workers. First, the context of neopopulism is brought to the fore. Here, I explore the criminalisation of migrants and refer to the writings of Zygmunt Bauman (2016). Second, a brief history of the European Economic Community and the EU is provided. Third, the political complexity behind the decision to hold the referendum is explored. The wider context and political climate worldwide is analysed with particular focus on the rise of distrust, disillusion and identity politics. The context of the new populism as the prevalent ideology is put against the political situation in the UK with David Cameron starting talks on the need for the people to have their say in the run up to General Election 2015. The results of the referendum are analysed and critically discussed taking into account voters and their demographic characteristics correlated with the socio-economic situation in the country. The chapter culminates in a series of case studies with the aim to illustrate pre- and post-Brexit-vote reality for those who exercised their Treaty rights and came to work in the UK.
Home truths: fieldwork, writing and anthropology’s ‘home encounter’
Authors: Humphris Rachel
Published: September 2019

This chapter presents the methodology of the research including theoretical discussions of ‘anthropological truth’, the researchers’ shifting situated positions throughout the fieldwork and the writing process. This chapter draws on Munn’s conception of the social actor as a mobile spatial field. The home emerged as the most salient site of interaction through this methodology. This has two implications. First, it provides a different entry point to social worlds (resonating with feminist analytics) rather than choosing a space and exploring the social actors that create it. Second, this approach revealed the home as the site where ‘culture’ was located and contested. This opens the home space to studies on diversity and conviviality. It also demonstrates the different terms that encounters in the home took on through the social roles of host and hosting, the materiality of the space, and gendered dynamics.
Borders and intimate state encounters
Authors: Humphris Rachel
Published: September 2019

This chapter details how re-bordering has occurred in the UK through welfare regulations that emerge in the home space. The chapter is underpinned by elaborating on ‘bordering’ as a theoretical perspective, and how the borders of Europe have become deterritorialised. The chapter reveals how inclusion operates through exclusion, as those who formally gain legal residency are called upon to consistently perform deservingness and gratitude through long-standing, individualised and fragile caring relationships with frontline actors. The chapter details the costs and injuries of these practices and how they contain both the promise of safety and also the fear of losing children to state care. These encounters demonstrate how care shifts the ‘location’ of the state and creates different forms of belonging.
Causing trouble
Authors: Fanghanel Alexandra
Published: September 2019

This chapter introduces the themes of the book. It uses evocative case studies to explore the ways in which the female body can be a disruptive body in public space. This sets the scene for the types of other troublesome bodies we encounter in the book. The theoretical framework is explained (war machines, molecular revolutions, carnivalesque) and key concept of rape culture defined. The chapter talks about the power of walking, and the gendered qualities of walking for causing trouble in public space. The chapter then outlines how the stories that the book tells will unfold.
A conceptual exploration of moral space
Authors: Boutellier Hans
Published: September 2019

This introductory chapter elaborates on the relation between social organization and morality. It discusses the emergence of a network society, the secular condition, superdiversity, individualized morality and the dominance of the security issue. It argues that Western societies can be characterized with three words: complexity without direction. With digitalization as a driving force, the social order of our times has completely changed compared to the ideologically organized world of some decades ago. Morality is no longer a ‘natural’, but must be understood as emerging from the ethical and normative buzz that arises from an improvising society. This emerging morality is fuelled by inspiring stories, moments of ‘fullness’ (i.e., moral or spiritual feelings), and practices under the condition of the rule of law that respect human diversity and put clear boundaries on subversive actions.
Emerging morality
Authors: Boutellier Hans
Published: September 2019

The criminology of moral order refers to the moral causes of crime and disorder, but also investigates the mechanisms of societal stability and resilience. A vital social balance seems under pressure in super-diverse network societies that have to function without any explicit uniting philosophy of life. The concept of ‘complexity without direction’ has been used to describe the background of the challenges of our times. Many people experience the contemporary world as insecure, but do not have much trust in each other, in the institutions, or in the future. This explains the dominance of the safety and security discourse in politics and among citizens. This chapter argues for a dialogue, in which mutual claims to existence are respected and directed to the actual will of people to live together in one society.
The Riverbank Politics of Uncommon Prayers in Antebellum Arkansas
Authors: Fletcher Ryan L.
Published: September 2019

This chapter examines slavery and finance among Episcopalians in Arkansas. It reconsiders the historiographical paradigm that pairs the flourishing of evangelicalism with the declension of the Episcopal Church in the antebellum South. Evangelicalism's ascendancy neither caused nor signified the vanishing of Episcopalians in the antebellum South. Historians must remember that the Episcopal Church inherited centuries of Anglican expertise in imposing “supremacy” and “uniformity” upon dissenters. The southern frontier pitted disciplined Episcopalians united around slaveholding conservatism against antebellum evangelicalisms that suffered from bouts of classless consciousness, denominational cannibalism, emotional incontinence, and doctrinal dementia. Episcopalians armed with labor power remained ascendant in Arkansas until the Civil War because the identity politics of evangelicalism and white supremacy fragmented the common prayers of laboring people.
Having Our Own
Authors: Jackson Alicia
Published: September 2019

This chapter details the educational institutions and efforts of the Colored Methodist Episcopal (CME) Church. Education was a key component of freedom to many blacks, and African American churches worked tirelessly to establish their own educational institutions. For the CME Church, determination to make their own schools mirrored their determination to make their own all-black denomination. Established in 1870 in Jackson, Tennessee, the CME Church arose from the soils of the Deep South, drawing the bulk of its membership from Alabama, Georgia, Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. The story of the establishment of the Mississippi Industrial College by the CME Church exemplifies southern blacks' collective efforts to educate their communities; it represents their continual struggle to maintain funding for their education, to govern the direction of their institutions, and to escape their dependence on paternal white supporters.
Biological properties of hepoxylines
Authors: Fedotov V. P. , Sadovnikova N. V. , Gudoshnikov V. I. , Baranova I. N. , Vasilyeva L. L. , Pivnitsky К. K.
Published: September 2019

Hepoxylines, arachidonic acid metabolites, are present in many tissues of the body and regulate various cell functions. We investigated the biological effects of hepoxylines B3 (10R and 10S epimers) on the secretory processes using primary cultures of rat pancreatic islet cells, adenohypophyseal ceils, and hepatocytes. Hepoxylines added to culture medium boosted the secretion of insulin and serum albumin and inhibited prolactin secretion. Hepoxyline effect on insulin secretion did not depend on the presence of glucose in the medium. Experiments on a model of type 11 diabetes showed that exogenous hepoxylines partially repair the islet cell sensitivity to glucose. Impaired synthesis of hepoxylines and their metabolism or receptor interactions with pancreatic p-cells may be one pathogenetic factor in the development of non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus. In order to verify this hypothesis, methods and agents boosting and inhibiting the production of endogenous hepoxylines are needed and the effects of hepoxylines on tissues resistant to insulin because of type II diabetes are to be studied.
Antithyroid antibodies and autoimmune diseases of the thyroid
Authors: Kandror V. I. , Kryukova I. V. , Krainova S. I. , Mkrtumova N. A. , Keda Yu. M. , Sviridenko N. Yu. , Bazarova E. N. , Latkina N. V.
Published: September 2019

The significance and mechanisms of action of different antithyroid antibodies in diffuse toxic goiter (Graves' disease) and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s disease) arc analyzed. Antibodies immediately decreasing the level of cAMP in isolated thyrocytes were revealed in the sera of adolescents with juvenile struma, often resulting from lymphocytic thyroiditis. Complement-fixing cytotoxic antibodies are heterogeneous in patients with Graves' diseases and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Thyrocytes from the tissue of diffuse toxic goiter are resistant to the cytolytic effect of such antibodies from patients with Graves' diseases but not from patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The causes and mechanisms of development of resistance of thyrocytes from diffuse toxic goiter to antibody-dependent complement-mediated cytotoxicity of sera from patients with Graves' disease and the possibility of using this phenomenon as a differential diagnostic test are discussed.