bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH POPULASI IKAN NILA TERHADAP KETERSEDIAAN HARA DAN PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN PADI SAWAH PADA SISTEM MINA PADI DI DUSUN BIRU, DESA TRIHANGGO, KECAMATAN GAMPING, KABUPATEN SLEMAN, D.I YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Puri Rinetta Andyka , Afany Miseri Roeslan , Peniwiratri Lelanti
Published: January 2021

Kebutuhan pangan yang terus meningkat menjadikan padi sebagai prioritas utama untuk meningkatkan hasil produktivitasnya. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan padi tanpa penggunaan pupuk kimia yaitu dengan menerapkan sistem mina padi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh populasi ikan pada sistem mina padi terhadap ketersediaan hara tanah dan pertumbuhan padi sawah di Dusun Biru. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan. Perlakuan tersebut terdiri dari P0 = Lahan sawah konvensional (kontrol), P1 = Lahan sawah mina padi dengan kepadatan ikan 22 ekor/petak, P2 = Lahan sawah mina padi dengan kepadatan ikan 33 ekor/petak, P3 = Lahan sawah mina padi dengan kepadatan ikan 44 ekor/petak. Masing – masing perlakuan diulang 4 kali, sehingga diperoleh 16 sampel. Parameter penelitian untuk tanah adalah pH H2O, pH KCl, Eh, Fe, Mn, bahan organik, N tersedia, P tersedia, dan K tersedia, sedangkan untuk tanaman adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, berat segar tanaman, dan berat kering tanaman. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan dengan sidik ragam (ANOVA) dengan dilanjutkan menggunakan Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah populasi ikan pada sistem mina padi tidak berpengaruh nyata dalam meningkatkan pH, Eh, C – organic, N tersedia, P tersedia, K tersedia, Fe, Mn. Tetapi berpengaruh nyata terhadap meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, berat segar tanaman, berat kering tanaman, dan berat segar ikan.
PENGARUH DOSIS ZEOLIT DAN PUPUK SP-36 TERHADAP KETERSEDIAAN P PADA LATOSOL DAN SERAPAN P PADI GOGO (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Prakosa Fahmi Herwinastwan ` , Widodo R. Agus , Peniwiratri Lelanti
Published: January 2021

Ketersediaan P yang rendah, menjadi kendala pada tanah Latosol. Hal ini dapat diatasi dengan pemberian zeolit dan pupuk SP-36. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan dosis zeolit dan pupuk SP-36 terhadap ketersediaan P dan serapan P padi gogo. Penelitian dilaksanakan di rumah kaca Fakultas Pertanian, UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap 2 faktor. Faktor pertama dosis zeolit terdiri dari 3 aras: 0; 2,5;  5 ton/ha. Faktor kedua dosis SP-36 terdiri 3 aras setara dengan: 0; 50; dan 100 P2O5 kg/ha. Setiap kombinasi perlakuan diulang 3 kali, sehingga didapatkan 27 pot.  Parameter analisis tanah terdiri pH H2O, pH KCl, P tersedia, dan KTK tanah, P jaringan dan serapan P padi gogo. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan dengan sidik ragam (Anova) dan dilanjutkan dengan DMRT taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aplikasi zeolit berpengaruh nyata terhadap pH H2O, P-tersedia Latosol dan P-jaringan padi gogo, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap serapan P padi gogo. Dosis SP-36 berpengaruh nyata terhadap P-tersedia, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pH H2O Latosol, P-jaringan dan serapan P padi gogo. Interaksi zeolit dengan SP-36 yang berpengaruh nyata meningkatkan P-tersedia dan P-jaringan. Zeolit setara 5 ton/ha dan SP-36 setara 50 kg P2O5 merupakan dosis optimal untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan padi gogo di Latosol.
KUALITAS TANAH PADA LAHAN SAWAH DENGAN IRIGASI AIR RAWA JOMBOR DI KECAMATAN BAYAT KABUPATEN KLATEN
Authors: Astuti Putri Puji , Saidi Didi , Santoso AZ. Purwono Budi
Published: January 2021

Sebagian besar air irigasi persawahan di Kecamatan Bayat, Kabupaten Klaten disuplai oleh Rawa Jombor. Sampah organik di perairan Rawa Jombor menyebabkan pengayaan unsur hara pada air, meningkatkan unsur hara tanah melalui irigasi. Namun jika kadar unsur hara telah melebihi ambang batas air irigasi tentu berpengaruh terhadap kualitas tanah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kualitas air irigasi Rawa Jombor dan mengetahui indeks kualitas tanah pada lahan sawah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei. Pengambilan sampel tanah ditentukan berdasarkan Peta Satuan yang dibuat dari overlay peta penggunaan lahan (sawah) dan jenis tanah dengan rincian SPL 1 (sawah irigasi teknis dengan jenis tanah Litosol), SPL 2 (sawah irigasi teknis dengan Aluvial jenis tanah), SPL 3 (sawah irigasi teknis dengan jenis tanah Regosol), dan SPL 0 (padi sawah dengan jenis tanah Regosol). Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan berdasarkan inlet air irigasi setiap SPL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas air irigasi masih memenuhi kriteria kualitas air untuk irigasi. Kualitas tanah ditentukan dengan Indeks Kualitas Tanah yang dihitung berdasarkan kriteria Mausbach dan Seybold (1998). Hasil indeks kualitas tanah SPL 1 (0,55) dengan kriteria sedang, SPL 2 (0,48) dengan kriteria sedang, SPL 3 (0,59) dengan kriteria sedang, dan SPL 0 (0,71) dengan kriteria baik.
BEBERAPA SIFAT KIMIA TANAH SAWAH ATAS PENGGUNAAN PUPUK ORGANIK DENGAN KURUN WAKTU BERBEDA DI SAYEGAN, SLEMAN
Authors: Mulyadi Tri , Nurcholis Mohammad , Partoyo Partoyo
Published: January 2021

Pemberian pupuk organik dalam jangka pendek atau jangka panjang ke tanah sawah dapat berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan bahan organik tanah sawah, sehingga berpengaruh terhadap ketersediaan unsur hara tanah sawah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui beberapa sifat kimia tanah sawah pada pemberian pupuk organik yang berbeda kurun waktunya. Penelitian dilakukan di tanah sawah jenis Latosol di Desa Margoluwih, Kecamatan Sayegan, Kabupaten Sleman, di tanah sawah yang sudah dipupuk organik selama kurun waktu berbeda, yaitu: 3, 7, dan 13 tahun. Pengambilan sampel tanah di ketiga lokasi penelitian dilakukan di kedalaman 0-20 cm. Sifat kimia tanah yang dianalisis adalah pH (H2O dan KCl), Daya Hantar Listrik (DHL), Potensial Redoks (Eh), C- Organik, P-Tersedia, K-Tersedia, N-Total. Beda rerata antar perlakuan untuk setiap parameter di Uji t-Test pada taraf α =5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan pupuk organik meningkatkan nilai rerata tertinggi C-Organik, K Tersedia, dan N Total tanah pada pemberian kontinyu selama 13 tahun.
PENDUGAAN EROSI DI LAHAN KERING DENGAN METODE USLE DI SUB SUB DAS DENGKENG KECAMATAN BULU DAN WERU KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Andarwati Novita , Santoso AZ. Purwono Budi , Nurcholis Mohammad
Published: January 2021

Erosi tanah merupakan proses penghancuran, pengikisan, pengangkutan, atau penyimpanan tanah dari materi eksternal, yaitu hujan. Erosi mengakibatkan penurunan kesuburan tanah dan hilangnya top soil sebagai lapisan tanah yang subur untuk media tumbuh tanaman dan berkembangnya akar. Budidaya tanaman di daerah yang berbukit-bukit memiliki beberapa masalah seperti lereng yang relatif curam, kepekaan tanah terhadap erosi dan curah hujan yang tinggi. Pada daerah aliran sungai, erosi dapat mengakibatkan pendangkalan badan sungai karena sedimen tanah yang menumpuk. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menetapkan besarnya potensi erosi yang ada dan peta penyebaran erosi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di sub-sub DAS Dengkeng Kecamatan Bulu dan Weru, Kabupaten Sukoharjo seluas 288 ha. Titik sampel ditentukan dengan metode purposive sampling dari hasil tumpangsusun peta kemiringan lereng dan tataguna lahan. Parameter penelitian ini adalah nilai erosivitas hujan, bahan organik, tekstur, struktur, permeabilitas tanah, indeks panjang dan kemiringan lereng, indeks nilai C dan nilai P. Pendugaan nilai erosi dihitung menggunakan Metode USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) yang dikelaskan menurut Kementerian Kehutanan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan lahan sawah tadah hujan pada kemiringan curam memiliki nilai pendugaan erosi tertinggi yaitu 600,64 ton/ha/tahun atau 40,04 mm/tahun, sedangkan pada lahan pemukiman dengan kemiringan lereng datar memiliki nilai pendugaan erosi terkecil yaitu 4,54 ton/ha/tahun atau 0,30 mm/tahun. Kelas erosi berat memiliki penyebaran paling luas yaitu 175,27 ha dengan penyebaran terluas di Dusun Kedung Lanang, Desa Karangmojo.
Design and simulation of a control for the opening and closing of the side ventilation windows in a greenhouse
Authors: Arias E. M. Gutierrez , Mena J. E. Flores , Osorio G. Perez , Castillo M. M. Morin , Cuatle G. Pantle , Gutierrez E. J. Cordova
Published: January 2021

An optimal control for the opening and closing of the side ventilation windows of a greenhouse can be obtained from a mathematical model of the crop and the greenhouse. In the greenhouse model, control input is the ventilation, and to carry out the instrumentation in the immediate future, this term we related with the aperture of the lee and windward side ventilation windows. We consider a model with four states variables: the structural biomass of leaves, the structural biomass of fruit, the nonstructural biomass (nutrients) and the carbon dioxide. Even though the control of carbon dioxide concentration inside the greenhouse is not directly addressed in this study, optimal control of the opening and closing of vents significantly complements the regulation of the carbon dioxide concentration. To apply the optimal control theory, we select a functional cost in order to increase the benefit of the farmer.
The first principle calculations of structural, magneto-electronic, elastic, mechanical, and thermoelectric properties of half-metallic double perovskite oxide Sr2TiCoO6
Authors: Blaha L. F. , Maafa A. , Chahed A. , Boukli M.A.H. , Sayade A.
Published: January 2021

The structural, elastic, mechanical, magneto-electronic, and thermoelectric properties of Sr2TiCoO6 double perovskite oxide have been studied within the framework of density functional theory. The FP-LAPW method within the (GGA) and (mBJ) approximations is chosen in the computational approach. This alloy crystallizes in cubic structure with the ferromagnetic phase. The computed lattice constant was found to agree with the available experimental results. This compound shows the half-metallic ferromagnetic properties. A value of 1 µB is found for the total magnetic moment with an important contribution from Co atoms. The elastic parameters reveal that Sr2TiCoO6 as being super hard and brittle. We calculated the thermoelectric properties of Sr2TiCoO6 using the Boltzmann transport equations within the DFT in a temperature range from 100 to 1000 K. The transport parameters like Seebeck coefficient, electrical thermal conductivity and the merit factor, have been put together to establish their thermoelectric response. The figure of merit value is between [0.71-0.99] indicating that our compound is a good candidate for thermoelectric applications at high and low temperatures.
Simulation of the inner electrode geometry effect on the rundown phase characteristics of a coaxial plasma accelerator.
Authors: Gómez Samaniego C. , Nieto Pérez M. , Ramos López G.
Published: January 2021

A 2D computational model, incorporating the Snowplow approximation in the mass balance, is used to simulate the acceleration of an annular current sheath along two coaxial electrodes, with the inner one having either cylindrical or conical shape. The circuit, mass and momentum equations are simultaneously solved in 2D (r, z) considering initial breakdown along the insulator surface, ideal gas mass accretion by the current sheath (snowplow model) and distributed inductance along a coaxial transmission line short-circuited by the current sheath. Plasma density and electron temperature in the current sheath are estimated using standard planar shock theory. Numerical integration of the model’s equations for a given electrode geometry yields the temporal evolution of the current sheath parameters during the axial acceleration phase. In order to see the effect of the inner electrode shape on sheath parameters (i.e. transit time, kinetic energy, total mass, shape, etc.) and/or circuit properties (i.e. circuit inductance, voltage and current evolution, etc.), the portion of the inner electrode beyond the insulator was given a conical shape. By changing the cone slant in a range between ±5°, it was found that the current driven on the plasma sheath varies nonlinearly with the angle. The divergent (positive angle) electrode gives the sheath the highest kinetic energy, being twice the value corresponding to that of the straight inner electrode case, and the transit time is reduced from 1.34 to 1.20 µs. The estimates of plasma density and electron temperature indicate that the achievable ion densities are on the order of 4x1022 m-3, which corresponds to 30 % ionization, and typical temperatures at the end of the rundown phase are on the order of 8 eV. These values are comparable with those measured in experimental devices. The development of this tool will enable us to benchmark its results against an experimental installation currently close to being operational, and a future follow-up paper will be devoted to the comparison between the prediction of the rundown phase behavior and experimental results utilizing conical electrodes.
Analytical solution to Scholte’s secular equation for isotropic elastic media
Authors: Antúnez-García J. , Galván D. H. , Guerrero-Sánchez J. , Murrieta-Rico F. N. , Yocupicio-Gaxiola R. I. , Fuentes-Moyado S.
Published: January 2021

In terms of a method based on Cauchy integrals, we have obtained a robust analytic expression to predict a unique physical solution for the Scholte slowness in all range of possible elastic and isotropic media. Proper analysis of the discontinuities of the secular Scholte equation allows the identification of the velocity of the evanescent wave in one of three possible regimes. When the liquid phase tends to vanish, it was observed: a) the Rayleigh wave solution or the free surface limit, and b) the rarefied fluid medium limit, where there exists a gradual extinction of the Scholte wave as both the density and velocity of the fluid decrease. In general terms, the results show that the propagation speed of a Scholte wave is less than or equal to that of a Rayleigh wave.
Correlation between schroeder-phase effect and electrocochleography findings
Authors: Muhamad Azman Solihatul Mardhiah , Rahmat Sarah
Published: January 2021

Introduction: In Schroeder-phase masking test, different auditory perception ability towards different phases of Schroeder masker is known as ‘phase effect’. Previously, the phase effect mechanism was proposed to be dominantly contributed by peripheral auditory function, mainly by outer hair cells. This study aims to investigate the possible involvement of central auditory function (i.e. auditory nerve) in the phase effect mechanism. Methods: Four normal hearing and four sensorineural hearing loss subjects were recruited. Schroeder-phase masking test was conducted at 500 Hz, 1 kHz, and 2 kHz (75 dB A), and phase effect was recorded. Electrocochleography (ECochG) test via tip-trode recording using 90 dBnHL tone burst at 500 Hz, 1 kHz, and 2 kHz was also conducted on the same subjects. The amplitude of three ECochG components; i) cochlear microphonic (CM) - arises from outer hair cells, ii) summating potential (SP) - arises from inner hair cells, and iii) action potential (AP)- arises from auditory nerve; were recorded. Pearson and Spearman analysis were performed to find correlation between phase effect and individual ECochG components’ amplitude. Results: Result showed no significant correlation between phase effect and all ECochG components’ amplitude at all tested frequencies with exception at 2 kHz. A significant strong correlation (p: 0.02; r: 0.81) between phase effect and action potential’s amplitude at 2 kHz was observed. Conclusions: This finding suggests that central auditory function (i.e. auditory nerve) is possibly involved in the phase effect mechanism. This finding gives new insight towards better understanding of auditory perception.
Histological effects of Tamarind seed extract against muscle, liver and renal alterations induced envenomation with King Cobra venom in mice
Authors: Al-Ani Imad M. , Ismail Soraya , Maung Khin Maung , Oothuman Pakeer
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The objective of the present study is to investigate protective effects of the tamarind seed extract on the adverse histological reaction of venoms of the King Cobra. Methods: Twenty healthy, mature male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 mice in each. The control group (C) was injected with 1 ml of normal saline. The second group (V) was injected subcutaneously with a single dose of 24.96µg/20g King Cobra venom (KCV) solution. The third group (TV1) was injected with the same dose of KCV solution and 10mg/20g of Tamarind seed extract (TSE). The fourth group (TV2) was injected with the same dose of KCV solution and 15mg/20g TSE solution. The animals were sacrificed after 24 hours of injection of the solution. Fragments of muscle, kidney and liver were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and processed for light microscopical studies. Results: Mice of group V, treated with KCV solution showed severe degeneration, disorganization and myonecrosis in the muscle fibers. The liver revealed degenerative changes in most of the hepatic lobules and dilatation in the central veins and the sinusoids. The kidney revealed shrunken glomeruli, dilatation of Bowman capsule and degenerative changes in the renal tubules. Treatment with TSE reduced the histopathological changes induced by the King Cobra venom in the muscles, livers and kidneys and the improvement were proportional to the applied dose of the TSE. Conclusions: The observation is indicating that tamarind seed extract prevents adverse histological changes in the muscle, liver and kidney.
Antibiotics prescribing patterns in medical wards of Yangon General Hospital, Myanmar
Authors: Khaing Aye Thi , Win Nang Hla Hla
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Irrational and inappropriate prescribing of antimicrobial is common in hospitals and contributes to the development of antibiotic resistance in clinical practice. In Myanmar, there is insufficient information concerning antibiotics prescribing patterns in some hospitals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prescribing patterns of antibiotics in various infections. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out over a 3- month period in the medical wards of Yangon General Hospital. A total 1054 patients who were prescribed with antibiotics for post-admission day were selected. Relevant demographic data, discharge diagnosis, antibiotic prescribing patterns and outcomes of the patients were collected through pro-forma. Results: The result revealed that the antibiotics prescribing rate in Yangon General Hospital was 49%. Amongst the major indications included acute gastroenteritis (10%), chest infections (6.8%), skin and soft tissue infections (6.5%), pneumonia (6.1%) and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (6.0%). The most frequently prescribed antibiotics were combination of aminopenicillin with beta lactamase inhibitors (29.4%), metronidazole (28.2%), ceftriaxone (24.4%), azithromycin (15.2%) and cefixime (12.8%). The majority of the patients were discharged from hospital (73.7%) whereas the expired population was 8.6%. Conclusions: This study offers useful information in developing antibiogram for medical wards of Yangon General Hospital, Myanmar. The findings of this study could contribute to improvement in the treatment outcomes.
Functional outcome of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction: comparison of bone-patella tendon-bone (BPTB) vs. Hamstring graft
Authors: Raj Jeffrey Jaya , Nik Mohd Najmi Nik Mohd Fatmy , Hamdan Mohammad Amirrudin , Che Ahmad Aminudin , Zulkifly Ahmad Hafiz
Published: January 2021

Introduction: This is a cross-sectional study to evaluate the functional outcome of ACL Reconstruction between BPTB and hamstring graft who underwent ACL Reconstruction between January to June 2012 at our institution. Methods: Functional IKDC scoring was done pre-operatively, at 6 months and one year. Arthrometric measurements were taken using KT2000. Lysholm score and SF-36 were assessed at one year. Resuts: All patients are male, mean age is 29 (21 to 37 years old). 21.4% patients from patella BPTB group and 13% of hamstring group had anterior knee pain. 50% of patients from both groups complained of numbness over operative site. Average time return to pre-injury sports activity for BPTB group was 7.9 months, whereas for hamstring group was 8.3 months. KT-2000 measurements revealed an average side to side laxity difference average of 6.6mm in BPTB group and 7.9mm in hamstring group. Pivot shift were negative at 6 months in all patients. IKDC knee scoring significantly improved from grade C or D to grade B in 82% of BPTB group and 63% in hamstring group one year post operatively. There were no difference between both groups in terms of SF-36, Lysholm score and knee range of motion. Conclusions: There are no difference in functional outcome and lysholm knee score between the two groups although there is a discrepancy of IKDC score and arthrometric measurement at one year. Although both groups have moderate anterior laxity after one year, but they are asymptomatic and able to go back to preinjury sports activities.
Recontruction of coronoid process using autologous tricortical iliac bone graft after persistent traumatic elbow dislocation- case report
Authors: Siron Khairul Nizam , Abdul Razak Ardilla Hanim , Awang Mohd Shukrimi , Ahmad Aminuddin Che
Published: January 2021

Coronoid fractures are challenging to manage and rarely isolated. It’s always associated with three instability patterns of the elbow, which is the terrible triads, varus posteromedial rotatory instability and transolecranon fracture- dislocation. We have performed an open reduction and reconstruction of the coronoid process using autologous tricortical iliac bone graft for one patient after persistent elbow dislocation in malunited type III coronoid fracture. The main goal of management of coronoid fracture with elbow dislocation is to maintain the joint stability and acceptable elbow functions. Through understanding the pattern of injuries, proper investigation and approach could improve the outcome of surgery. We believe that reconstructing coronoid process using tricortical iliac bone graft provides acceptable stable elbow joint and good functional flexion arc of motion.
A study on burden among caregivers of stroke patients
Authors: Abdul Hadi Azwanis , Zainal Abidina Muhammad ‘Adil , Ismail Mohd Nizamuddin , Ahmad Imran
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Studies have shown that caregiving is associated with high burden that could affect caregivers’ mental and physical well-being. Unfortunately, caregivers are often overlooked even by healthcare professionals. With the rise of our elderly population and morbidity from stroke, there is a need to assess the burden among family caregivers in our society. This study was carried out to determine the level of burden among caregivers of stroke patients attending Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia in Kelantan and to evaluate the possible risk factors associated with those with a burden. Methods: A total of 116 caregivers of stroke patients were interviewed. The participants were recruited from the Klinik Rawatan Keluarga in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Caregivers were assessed for the level of burden using the Zarit Burden Interview. Results: The mean burden score among the caregivers was 25.42 (SD 6.45). The minimum burden score is 11 and the maximum score is 49. This study significantly found that caregivers who look after bedbound patients have higher levels of burden. While the caregiver burden is lower with higher household income and among caregivers who have secondary or tertiary education level. Conclusions: Factors that affect caregiver burden such as the condition of the patient, caregiver’s education level and household income should be taken into account in the evaluation of caregivers of stroke patients.
Predictors of perioperative complications following single or combination nasal-palatopharyngeal surgery for severe obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Asha'ari Zamzil Amin , Ab Rahman Jamalludin , Wan Leman Wan Ishlah
Published: January 2021

Introduction: To assess the relationship between perioperative complications and upper airway surgeries for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Methods: The records of 118 adult patients, diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnoea (apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) >5), who underwent upper airway surgery at a single tertiary referral hospital from 2007 to 2015 were reviewed. Pulmonary, surgical, and cardiovascular complications within the first 30 postoperative days were analyzed according to types of upper airway surgery. Upper airway surgery types were single surgery or combinations of surgeries to the tonsils, pharyngeal adenoids, soft palate, tongue base and nose. Logistic regression was used to assess the multivariable association of age, sex, BMI, OSA severity, medical comorbidity, and types of upper airway surgery with postoperative complications. Results: At least one perioperative complications occurred in 48 of 128 patients (37.5%). In a multivariable model, the overall complication rate was increased with age, obesity, smoking and underlying comorbid medical problems. Complication rates were not associated with AHI severity, types of procedures performed and whether the surgery was a single or combination surgery. Conclusions: In OSA patients undergoing upper airway surgery, the severity of OSA as assessed by the AHI, and the sites and numbers of concurrent surgery performed were not associated with the rate of perioperative complications.
A qualitative study of factors affecting the compliance of hearing protective device usage among factory workers in Kuantan
Authors: Razali Ailin , Abdul Rahman Nor Azlina
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Occupational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is an acquired cumulative and irreversible hearing impairment which is totally preventable. Literature review concluded that noise hazard control via administrative and engineering methods are difficult to implement for many reasons. Thus, hearing protection device (HPD) is the best compromise to protect workers from the excessive noise. The purpose of this study is to qualitatively explore the factors affecting the HPD compliance among factory workers in Kuantan. Methods: A purposive sampling of twenty four male workers exposed to occupational noise of 85 dB and more for 8 hour-period was recruited from 15th July to 31st August 2013 to participate in four focus group discussions. The open-ended guided questions were used during the discussions to explore the workers’ perspective, knowledge, attitude and behaviour regarding the use of HPD. The data were analyzed using the conventional content analysis and the key themes were elicited in relation to the study, either toward the positive hearing protective behaviours or the factors that act as the barriers against it. Results: From the findings, five themes have emerged with their respective subthemes including perception of noise in the workplace, use of HPD, barriers against the use of HPD, workplace influence and value of hearing. Our studies found that the three main reasons for workers not to wear HPD are discomfort, cumbersome and impediment of speech / other wanted sounds. Conclusions: Effective hearing conservation programme, particularly on the use of HPD should therefore address these factors to ensure good compliance among the workers.
Cytopathological Effects Of Smoking On Clinically Normal Oral Mucosa
Authors: Ghazi Faisal Ghasak , Md Khalid Faridah , Yazid Yusri
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Smoking is a well-known cause of oral disease and oral cancer. Several dysplastic cytological changes occur before the appearance of the clinical lesion. This study aimed to investigate the cytopathological effects of smoking in clinically normal oral mucosa of cigarette smokers. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 cigarette smokers and 40 nonsmokers (control group) were included in this study. All participants had clinically normal oral mucosa. Oral smears were obtained from the side of the tongue and floor of the mouth using a Cytobrush. The smears were stained by Papanicolaou stain and examined under light microscope for inflammation, hyperkeratinization and dysplasia. Results:  There was a significantly higher rate(p<0.005) of inflammation 63%, hyperkeratiniztion 62% and mild dysplasia 26% among smokers than non-smokers where the rates were 35%, 12% and 2% respectively. Conclusion: Smoking causes significant cytopathological changes in normal oral mucosa, the detection of which is important to prevent progression into carcinoma. The procedure is fast, painless and inexpensive.
Oral Health Problem Among Pregnant Mothers: Age And Attitude Do Matter
Authors: Abd Aziz Karimah Hanim binti , Jamani Nurjasmine Aida bt , Abllah Zurainie bt
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Oral health care during pregnancy is greatly important as it is crucial to the health and well-being to both pregnant mother and baby. Studies showed that mothers with oral health problem have greater risk of prematurity and low birth weight babies. This study aimed to measure the associated factors of oral health problem among pregnant mothers. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among purposely selected 296 pregnant mothers aged 18- 45 years from the biggest district in Pahang State, Malaysia. This 18 months study used validated self-administered questionnaire which was asking on socio-demographic characteristics, and knowledge, attitude and practice on oral health. Oral health status was assessed by dentists using Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Need (DFMT index). Descriptive analysis used to describe respondents background and multinomial logistic regression used to examine the associations. Results: Majority of the respondents (89.9%) were among young mothers (35 years), Malay (91.9%), mean gestation of two, and from low socioeconomic status (59.5%). Of the 296 respondents, 111 (48.1%) had low experience with dental caries, 57 (24.7%) had moderate experience, and 63 (24.3%) had high experience with dental caries. Older age had higher risk to experience dental caries and those who had good attitude were protected, p=0.018 and p=0.023 respectively. Conclusion(s): Age and attitude were significant factors associated to oral health problem among pregnant mothers. Thus, health promotion and good attitude should be instilled from younger age.
Orthodontic Management Of An Erupted Mesiodens: A Case Report
Authors: Abu Bakar Noraini Bt
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Hyperdontia is the condition of having supernumerary tooth, or teeth, which appear in addition to the regular number of teeth. It is a developmental anomaly and has been argued to arise from multiple aetiologies. It may remain embedded in the alveolar bone or can erupt into the oral cavity. Mesiodens is a supernumerary tooth located in the anterior maxilla, placed palatally or in between the maxillary central incisors. It may be single or paired, erupted or impacted and at times even inverted. Aesthetic or functional problems are two main issues associated with mesiodens.This case report demonstrates the orthodontic management of a case of a nonsyndromic male patient with conical type supernumerary tooth at the maxillary anterior region with a Class I malocclusion complicated by palatally erupted upper right lateral tooth with Bolton discrepancy. Good aesthetic and functional result achieved at the end of treatment.
Root Canal Configuration Of Permanent Mandibular First Molars Using Radiographic Tube Shift Technique On Dentistry Student Of University Of Sumatera Utara
Authors: Boel Trelia , Kartika Dewi , Liliana Liliana
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Permanent mandibular first molars are the most commonly experienced treatment failure. Knowledge of root canal configuration needs to be known to establish the right diagnostics and successful root canal treatment. The aim of this study is to find out the root canal configuration of permanent mandibular first molar based on Vertucci classification using tube shift radiography technique among dental student of University of Sumatera Utara. Materials and Methods: This is an experimental with cross sectional approach. 36 students were selected by purposive sampling and data were collected from questionnaire and x-ray radiograph. Results: The result showed that 97.2% of permanent mandibular first molar have two roots and 2.8% have three roots. Variation of root canal configuration according to Vertucci on mesial root right region, type I 8.3%, type II 27.8%, type III 11.1%, type IV 50%, type II classification Gulabivala 2.8%, on left region type I 5.6%, type II 44.4%, type III 2.8%, type IV 44.4%, type II classification Gulabivala 2.8%. On distal root of first molar right region, type I 86.1%, type II 2.8%, type III 8.3%, type V 2.8%, on left region, type I 100%. Conclusion(s): Root canal configuration of mandibular first molar based on Vertucci classification at mesial roots of the right region, type I, II, III, IV, and type II classification Gulabivala , on left region we found type I, II, III, IV, and type II classification Gulabivala . On distal root of the right region, type I, II, III, and type V, on left region only type I.
Screening Of Fatty Acid Compound Of S. Polycystum For Anti-Cariogenic Potential
Authors: Zamimi Nurul Najwa , Ab.Halim Noorhazayti , Lestari Widya , Darnis Deny Susanti , Wan Ishak Wan Mohd Faizal , Md Mustafa Md Muziman Syah
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Dental caries is the most common yet preventable disease. Study found that seaweed exhibits anti-cariogenic properties. However, little attention have been given to the study on anticariogenic properties of seaweed and the bioactive compound that responsible for the anticariogenic activities have not adequately investigated. This study was conducted to evaluate the best extraction methods for S. polycystum and to determine the fatty acid compounds of S. polycystum that have anti-cariogenic potential against oral cariogenic bacteria. Materials and Methods: Dried seaweeds were extracted by soxhlet using three different solvents (methanol, dichloromethane and hexane). The crude extracts were kept in a close container at -20 degree Celsius. The bioactive compound of the crude extract of seaweeds was analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (GCMS). Results: Highest extraction yield in S. polycystum was produced by methanol extraction followed by hexane and dichloromethane. GCMS analysis revealed that the presence of palmitic acid (18.02%) as major compound, followed by oleic acid (8.44%), lauric acid (5.23%), myristic acid (3.60%), heptadecanoic acid (2.23%), 9-hexadenoic acid (1.82%) and the lowest is 2-methylhexadecan-1-ol (1.75%). Conclusion(s): Methanol extraction is the most efficient solvent as it produced the highest extraction yield in S. polycystum.Lauric acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid and oleic acid detected in S. polycystum have been reported to exhibit antimicrobial activities thus proved the potentiality of S. polycystum as anti-cariogenic agent.
Standard Versus Real Versus Fake Braces: An Elemental Composition Analysis
Authors: Nasir Siti Hajjar , Abu Bakar Noraini , Samad Rosdiyana
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Orthodontic fixed appliance is now considered as fashion accessory and a symbol of wealth. Due to overwhelming demand, 'fake' and 'real' braces services have been offered through social media by unqualified personnel using poor quality orthodontic brackets and cases of metal toxicity from using these type of braces has been reported. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to explore the elemental analysis of several types of 'fake', 'real' and standard braces. The metal composition of 9 upper right central incisor brackets were measured using high pressure environmental scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (ESEM/EDX). The quantitative analysis of the percentage of weight concentration of the elements were calculated. Results: The elemental analysis using ANOVA revealed that there was no statistically difference metal weight composition between 'fake', 'real' and standard braces. All brackets were manufactured from different types of alloys. Nonetheless, no toxic elements such as plumbum or mercury were detected in the composition of 'fake' and 'real' braces. Conclusion(s): In conclusion, the metal compositions of 'fake' and 'real' braces were not statistically different from conventional brackets and no pernicious elements were detected.
The Combined Platysma And Temporalis Flap: An Alternative Method Of Reconstructing The Cheek Defect
Authors: Mustafa Wan Mahadzir , Adnan Khairulzaman bin
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Reconstruction of the primary defect following resection of primary tumour is part of the surgical treatment of head and neck cancer. The present paper reports a case of reconstruction of medium size through and through defect of the cheek with the transverse platysma myocutaneous flap combined with the temporalis flap. Materials and Methods: A 78 years old Chinese male with presented with biopsy proven squamous cell carcinoma of the cheek mucosa. After excision a medium size (about 4cm by 5cm) through and through defect of the cheek was present. A posteriorly based platysma flap and temporalis flap was harvested and used to reconstruct the defect. The donor site was closed primarily. Results: Overall aesthetic results was good. There was no necrosis of flap, dehiscence or fistula. Flap contracture was the main complication. Conclusion(s): The combined platysma and temporalis flap is a good method to reconstruct a medium sized through and through defect of cheek.
‘Pinky' Tooth: A Rare Faces Of Delayed Tooth Eruption
Authors: Wan Abd Razak Wan Noor Rabiatul Akmalia , Ahmad Yushaini
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Delayed tooth eruption (DTE) is the emergence of a tooth into oral cavity that deviates from norms established for different races, ethnics and sexes, which commonly caused either by local or systemic conditions. A case of 10 year-old, Malay girl with unknown underlying medical illness, presented with delayed eruption of maxillary permanent right central incisor. The case history revealed frequent dental abscess around age of 5, followed by dental extraction under local anaesthesia. The clinical examination showed the presence of unerupted tooth 11, elongated but encapsulated with gingiva mimicking a ‘pinky’ tooth. A minimal gingivectomy was carried out to remove the mucosal barrier under topical anaesthesia and tooth 11 erupted completely 2 weeks later without the need for further treatment. This distinct aesthetic problem that affected the child’s self-confidence, can be overcome if was referred earlier. Surgical intervention has produced fast and good outcome for this kind of DTE.
Allah’s Wondrous Creatures, the Holy Qur’an and Technological Inventions: Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: Sayed Inayatullah Shah
Published: January 2021

Allah (s.w.t) has created innumerable distinct creatures and mentioned to us about their special qualities through His revelation. The Qur’an is the ultimate source of guidance for its followers for all aspects of life including science. If one is to study nature scientifically there are countless observable facts that are parallel to the teachings of Islam. One of these facts is echolocation found in bats and dolphins. These animals generate ultrasonic signals and detect the echoes reflected back to them to map out their environment and catch prey. Modern health sciences have already adopted this phenomenon in the form of ultrasound imaging for diagnosis of certain diseases. However, there is room for improvement in the overall performance of this technique. This article highlights the technological developments directly inspired by nature i.e., crawfish/crayfish and relates echolocation characteristics of bats and dolphins with basic principles of ultrasound imaging. In-depth studies on the echolocation properties of these creatures can lead to further improvement in the current ultrasound imaging technique. Such as; the construction of a transducer which simultaneously generates multi-frequency ultrasound signals and development of new interpreting software. Moreover, reading verses of the Holy Qur’an heartily and enthusiastically will lead to the development of innovative ideas that can be translated into reality and applied for the betterment of humankind.
Five Pillars of Islam in Relation to Physical Health, Spiritual Health and Nursing Implications
Authors: @ Raheema Cho Cho Zaw , @ Mohd Omar Myat Min
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to examine five pillars of Islam and their relationship with physical and spiritual health. The five pillars of Islam are the foundation of Muslim life, considered mandatory by believers, and Muslims are required to observe them with utmost dedication. They are summarized as Shahadah, Salah, Zakat Saum, and Hajj.  he first pillar of Islam, declaration of faith (Shahadah) includes the most important concept, which is the complete submission to the will of Allah (SWT) by obeying and believing in Him. Spirituality in general is defined as “religious belief or the spiritual quality of something”, “a search for the sacred”, “personal growth, or an encounter with one's own inner dimension”. The World Health Organization (WHO) mentions spiritual health as one of four dimensions to well-being; physical, mental, social, and spiritual”. Moreover, holistic nursing practice includes treating people as a whole and attending to a client’s physiological, psychological, and spiritual needs. Thus, this study intends to further explore the unitary aspect of Islam that infuse each of the pillars, and their effects on physical, spiritual well-being and nursing implications associated with it. Five pillars of Islam are discussed from the Quran, Alhadith, and Sunnah (the sayings and traditions of the Prophet) as baselines, and further additions from the knowledge of the Islamic scholars. And it is noted that our practices based on the five pillars of Islam have not only positive effects on physical but also spiritual health. This paper pointed out that while performing obligatory duties as stipulated by Islam, one could achieve spiritual enhancement as well as physical strength and well being.
Identifying the Potential of Qur’anic Recitation on the Proliferation of Chondrocytes Derived from Rabbit Articular Cartilage: Work in Progress
Authors: Hashim Rosyafirah , Sha’ban Munirah , Rahmat Sarah , Zainuddin Zainul Ibrahim
Published: January 2021

Introduction: In Islamic practice, the use of Qur’anic recitation in treatment can be traced back to the times of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). This preliminary study aims to identify the potential of Qur’anic recitation of Surah Al-Fatihah on the proliferation of chondrocytes derived from rabbit articular cartilage. Cartilage tissue engineering offers an alternative way to facilitate cartilage regeneration in-vitro. Materials and Methods: The cellular model was established using a serially cultured and expanded chondrocytes in-vitro. The model was assigned into three groups. The first group was exposed to the Surah Al-Fatihah, recited 17 times based on the five times daily prayer unit (Raka’ah) obligated upon Muslims. The second group was exposed to an Arabic poem recitation. The third group was not exposed to any sound and served as the control. All groups were subjected to the growth profile analysis. The analysis was conducted at different passages starting from passage 0 to passage 3. Results: The results showed that the cells proliferation based on the growth kinetic analysis is higher for the cells exposed with Qur’anic recitation as compared to the Arabic poem and control groups. Conclusions: The proliferation process of the rabbit articular cartilage might be influenced with the use of Qur’anic recitation and as well as Arabic poem recitation. Exposure to the Western poem recitation and mute sound will be added for future study. It is hoped that this study could shed some light on the potential use of the Qur’anic recitation to facilitate cartilage regeneration in tissue engineering studies.
Inculcating Halal Values in Seaweed Production for Competitive Positioning
Authors: Mohammad Noor Normawaty , Muhammad Noor Sarina , Weliyadi Encik , Salleh Rukisah
Published: January 2021

Seaweed industry is important in several countries including Malaysia, Japan, Indonesia, and the Philippines. The seaweed, Kappaphycus is widely used in a variety of food products as an excellent nutritional supplement. There are several stages in producing raw Kappaphycus for industry such as cultivation and harvest. Most of these steps follow a traditional way which has been practiced from one generation to another. As seaweed is part of the main ingredients in many final produce, its processing must incorporate cleanliness and quality aspect. Therefore, a focus on Halal is of utmost importance. Halal is a concept that stresses on shariah law and ensuring the utmost quality which benefits most producers especially in food and supplement products. However, the knowledge of Halal is still limited in marine production including seaweed. The seaweed process has gone through numerous stages yet none of them has been checked on its Halalness aspect. This study is to deliberate on the aspect of Halalness for each stage involved, including cultivation and harvesting. To achieve this, observations and literature search were performed and findings showed that there is lack of hygienic practices in handling seaweed production. Therefore, conjoint initiatives among university-industry-government are needed to enhance the value proposition of the seaweed production as it complies with the concept of Halalness. This will contribute towards the development of Halal ecosystem from seed to harvest of quality seaweed production.
Islamic Ethics of Waste Management towards Sustainable Environmental Health
Authors: Mohd Omar Suhaila , Chowdhury Ahmed Jalal Khan , Abdulahi Hashi Abdurezak
Published: January 2021

Islam is a religion that prescribes a way of life that goes beyond the rituals. It provides a holistic guide to human beings in almost every aspect of life in this world. However, the modernization and economic growth have taken the leads in the society governance and therefore tarnished some of the Muslim society’s perceptions on the holistic guidance of Islamic teachings. One of the consequences was readily displayed through attitudes and inefficient waste management practice of the majority of the Islamic country that lead to the environmental health problem. The paper discusses the existing waste management practice and positive roles of true Islamic understanding through the Qur’an and the Sunnah in terms of avoiding wasteful consumption and manners of cleanliness to resolve global environmental health problem caused by poor waste management.
The Essential Dimensions of Health According to the Maqasid al-Shariʿah Frameworks of Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi and Jamal-al-Din-ʿAtiyah
Authors: Padela Aasim I.
Published: January 2021

Contemporary Muslim thinkers have shown increasing interest in the higher objectives of Islamic law, maqaṣid al-shariah for reasons of utility and flexibility. Inductively derived from scriptural source-texts and the inherited legal canon, the maqasd have proven to be useful in interfaith dialogue and in addressing modern contexts because they are rationally accessible and can incorporate knowledge coming from the natural and social sciences as well as the humanities. In this paper, I examine the maqasid for applicability to the healthcare context. Specifically, I will describe the maqaṣid formulae of Islamic scholars Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi and Jamal-al-Din-ʿAṭiyah (Gamal Eldin Attia) and use them to generate theoretical models of the essential dimensions of human health. During my analyses of these authors’ frameworks, I will examine their views on how the maqaṣid are discovered, and on focus on their discussions regarding the preservation of human life and intellect. I will also compare the relative relevance of their models to modern biomedicine in terms of their “openness” to data coming from the health sciences and in light of contemporary knowledge about the determinants of health.