bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of valve plug shapes on vortex-induced vibration characteristics through a multistage pressure-reducing valve
Authors: Xu Dongtao , Ge Changrong , Liu Jingqiang , Zhu Chengzhi
Published: April 2023

Vortex-induced vibration of a regulating valve not only wastes the energy of the control system, but also causes serious damage to the valve trims. It is very important to suppress vortex-induced vibration of the flow field in a valve by optimizing the valve trim structure. In this paper, a multistage pressure-reducing valve is proposed, and the flow fields in the valve with the lightweight, flat bottom, circular truncated cone and cylinder valve plug are simulated using the ANSYS Workbench. To verify the reliability of the simulation, a flow test device for the valve is established and the flow rates at different openings are measured. The test result shows that the valve designed by simulation conforms to the specified flow characteristics. By monitoring the lift coefficient of the vortex cross flow, the amplitude and main frequency of vortex-induced vibration are evaluated. The effect of the valve plug shapes on the vortex-induced vibration characteristics is studied. The results show that the shape of the valve plug has an obvious effect on the amplitude of vortex-induced vibration. The conical valve plugs can play the role of flow guiding, the amplitude of vortex-induced vibration of the valve is smallest, it is about 1/4 of that of other valve plugs at medium and high openings. This work is of significance for suppressing the vortex-induced vibration of the multistage pressure-reducing valve.
Framing ‘slums’: global policy discourses and urban inequalities
Authors: Khan Sadaf Sultan , Te Lintelo Dolf , Macgregor Hayley
Published: April 2023

Slums and informal settlements have long been a policy concern, particularly in post-independence cities of the global South. Although national and local governments devise public policy seeking to address these habitations, these policy initiatives occur in conversation with the often far less visible global policy discourses of international urban development actors. Positing their ideational influence, this study analyses how global discourses from key multilateral agencies and donors have framed the problem of slums and informal settlements over time, to uncover assumptions and biases that ideationally, if indirectly, contribute to urban inequality, marginalization and socio-spatial othering in the city.
George Wallett, 1775–1845: entrepreneur and asylum doctor
Authors: Carpenter Peter
Published: April 2023

George Wallett (1775–1845) is generally known only as Haslam’s successor at Bethlem who resigned under the cloud of corruption. However, his life proves to have been more eventful. He trained as a lawyer and doctor, enlisted in the army three times and bottled Malvern’s first soda water. After bankruptcy, he managed Pembroke House Asylum as it opened, held two jobs in Bethlem and then operated Surrey House Asylum in Battersea. He moved on to help set up the Suffolk and Dorset asylums, and designed the Leicestershire asylum. He finally designed and opened Northampton Asylum, where being a Catholic ended his career.
The Emergence of Maritime Polity in Goa (Tenth Century to Fifteenth Century CE)
Authors: Rao Nagendra
Published: April 2023

Scholars, who studied the nature of the Goa Kadamba polity, did not comprehend the fact that the Goa Kadambas exhibited the features of not only coastal polity but also maritime polity. At the same time, we accept the contention that the Shilaharas represented coastal polity while it lacked the features of a maritime polity. We support our argument by using the inscriptional data and foreign travelogue accounts, which exhibit the attempt of the Goa Kadambas to protect their maritime trade interest through their alliance with the Arab traders and maintaining a navy.
Yoga vs Physical Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis: Results of Randomized Controlled Trial and the Training Protocol
Authors: Lysogorskaia Elena , Ivanov Timur , Mendalieva Ainagul , Ulmasbaeva Elena , Youshko Maxim , Brylev Lev
Published: April 2023

Background

Yoga originated in the territory of modern India more than 3,000 years ago uses techniques for working with the musculoskeletal system, cardiorespiratory system, and attention. Currently, the effectiveness and safety of yoga in patients with various neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS), is of interest to many scientists and clinicians.

Purpose

The main aim of this study is to examine the effect of yoga on symptoms and quality of life in patients with MS vs physical therapy (exercise therapy) and no exercise.

Methods

The patients were randomly assigned to three groups (yoga, physical therapy (PT), or waiting list). After 12 weeks of regular exercises (or the absence of them), the effect of yoga and PT on the functional status and quality of life of patients were evaluated. The data were collected during the patients’ two visits to the study center – before the start of the study and at the end of the 12-week period. The in-person examination included a doctor’s assessment of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire, the fatigue scale, the Berg balance scale, and the 6-min walking test.

Results

A total of 36 patients finished the clinical study: thirty women and six men. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of improvement in MS symptoms as measured by the balance, walking test, and fatigue scales. However, in the analysis of eight criteria of SF-36 quality-of-life questionnaire by the covariation analysis, statistically significant differences were found in favor of the yoga group in terms of physical functioning (PF) ( p = .003), life activity (VT) ( p < .001), mental health (MH) ( p = 013), and social functioning (SF) ( p = .028).

Conclusion

Thus, regular yoga classes under the guidance of qualified staff are a promising method of non-drug rehabilitation of patients with MS with motor disorders.
Psychometric Validation of Odia Translated CYRM-R Scale
Authors: Anandan Ananya , Elumalai Rangeela , Srinivasan Shiva Prakash
Published: April 2023

Aim:

This study aims to test the psychometric properties of Odia translated Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-R) scale

Method:

A total of 167 participants were recruited for this study. The English version of the CYRM-R scale was translated into Odia and back-translated into English. Following item analysis, exploratory factor analysis using Oblique rotation was used to confirm the factor structure and internal consistency of the scale was established.

Results:

The items on the scale had a good inter-item correlation. The contextual resilience scale was removed due to low internal consistency. The final scale had two subscales namely individual and relational resilience. Significant differences were found in resilience between the two genders and CNCP & CCL population.

Conclusion:

The translated CYRM-R seems to be a good scale with high reliability to measure resilience among youth. However further study has to be done cross-culturally to generalise the results.
Preventing torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment of children in detention in Australia
Authors: Mackay Anita
Published: April 2023

This article considers the multitude of inquiries and investigations into the treatment of children in youth detention in Australia over the past five years (2017–2022) as well as examples of practices that constitute torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment under international law (in particular, solitary confinement, use of restraints and force and strip searching). It explores how Australia might move beyond reacting to such treatment to preventing it because of the international and national monitoring and oversight mechanisms introduced by the Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture (OPCAT).
Typology of Tweets and User Engagement Generated by U.S. Companies Involved in Developing COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: Khandelwal Priyanka , Ramos Salazar Leslie , Khandelwal Soni
Published: April 2023

This study analyzes 295 tweets by four U.S. companies engaged in discovering a vaccine for COVID-19. Tweets were analyzed to understand how their Twitter feeds balanced corporate and product branding (vaccine, medicines, etc.) and disseminated scientific information relating to COVID-19. The results suggest that these companies were actively embedding technical information about COVID-19 in their corporate and product branding. Tweets providing technical and scientific information about the progress made toward developing a COVID-19 vaccine garnered high levels of user engagement from their target audience. Findings from this study indicate the growing importance of technical communication in corporate settings during a public health crisis.
Determining the Risk of Elevated Digoxin Concentrations Following Loading Dose in Patients With Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Young Mikaela R. , Rappaport Stephen H. , Belz Sarah , Kaufman David C. , Haas Curtis E.
Published: April 2023

Background:

The optimal loading dose of digoxin in patients with reduced kidney function is unknown. Tertiary references recommend reduced loading doses; however, these recommendations are based on immunoassays that are falsely elevated by the presence of digoxin-like immunoreactive substances, a problem that is minimized in modern assays.

Objective:

To determine whether chronic kidney disease (CKD) or acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with supratherapeutic digoxin concentrations after a digoxin loading dose.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis on patients who received an intravenous loading dose of digoxin with a digoxin concentration collected 6 to 24 hours after the end of the dose. Patients were stratified into 3 groups: AKI, CKD, and non-AKI/CKD (NKI) based on glomerular filtration rate and serum creatinine. The primary outcome was frequency of supratherapeutic digoxin concentrations (>2 ng/mL) and secondary outcomes included frequency of adverse events.

Results:

A total of 146 digoxin concentrations were included (AKI = 59, CKD = 16, NKI = 71). Frequencies of supratherapeutic concentrations were similar between groups (AKI: 10.2%, CKD: 18.8%, NKI: 11.3%; P = 0.61). Pre-planned logistic regression demonstrated no significant relationship between kidney function group and the development of a supratherapeutic concentration (AKI: odds ratio [OR]: 1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.4-4.5; CKD: OR 4.3, 95% CI: 0.7-23).

Conclusion and Relevance:

This is the first study in routine clinical practice evaluating the relationship between kidney function and digoxin peak concentrations that differentiates AKI from CKD. We did not find a relationship between kidney function and peak concentrations; however, the group with CKD was underpowered.
Pregabalin Does Not Increase Risk of Heart Failure Exacerbation in Patients With Pre-existing Heart Failure
Authors: Wynn Emma , Biskupiak Joseph , Kim Kibum , Munger Mark A.
Published: April 2023

Background:

Through actions of calcium channel trafficking inhibition and sodium/water retention, pregabalin may increase the risk of acute heart failure (AHF).

Objective:

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of heart failure (HF) acute exacerbations, measured by a composite of emergency department (ED) visits, per-patient per-year (PPPY) hospitalizations, time-to first ED admission, and time-to hospitalizations in pre-existing HF patients taking pregabalin compared with those who were pregabalin-naive.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study of pregabalin users with HF were propensity score–matched to pregabalin-naïve patients with HF to evaluate the composite of ED admissions or PPPY hospitalizations, time-to first ED admission, and time-to hospitalizations during the 365 days post-index. Doubly robust generalized linear regression and Cox-proportional hazard regression modeling were undertaken for analysis of differences between groups.

Results:

The matched cohort of 385 pregabalin users and 3460 pregabalin nonusers were principally middle-aged, equally gender distributed, and primary Caucasian. Most patients were on guideline-directed HF medical therapy. The estimated cumulative incidence of the primary outcome was a hazard ratio of 1.099 (95% CI: 0.789-1.530; P = 0.58).

Conclusion and Relevance:

This large, single-center, cohort study shows pregabalin is not associated with an increased risk of AHF events in patients with pre-existing HF.
An Evaluation of Item Harmonization Strategies Between Assessment Tools of Psychopathology in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Hoffmann Maurício Scopel , Moore Tyler Maxwell , Axelrud Luiza Kvitko , Tottenham Nim , Pan Pedro Mario , Miguel Eurípedes Constantino , Rohde Luis Augusto , Milham Michael Peter , Satterthwaite Theodore Daniel , Salum Giovanni Abrahão
Published: April 2023

Data aggregation in mental health is complicated by using different questionnaires, and little is known about the impact of item harmonization strategies on measurement precision. Therefore, we aimed to assess the impact of various item harmonization strategies for a target and proxy questionnaire using correlated and bifactor models. Data were obtained from the Brazilian High-Risk Study for Mental Conditions (BHRCS) and the Healthy Brain Network (HBN; N = 6,140, ages 5–22 years, 39.6% females). We tested six item-wise harmonization strategies and compared them based on several indices. The one-by-one (1:1) expert-based semantic item harmonization presented the best strategy as it was the only that resulted in scalar-invariant models for both samples and factor models. The between-questionnaires factor correlation, reliability, and factor score difference in using a proxy instead of a target measure improved little when all other harmonization strategies were compared with a completely at-random strategy. However, for bifactor models, between-questionnaire specific factor correlation increased from 0.05–0.19 (random item harmonization) to 0.43–0.60 (expert-based 1:1 semantic harmonization) in BHRCS and HBN samples, respectively. Therefore, item harmonization strategies are relevant for specific factors from bifactor models and had little impact on p-factors and first-order correlated factors when the child behavior checklist (CBCL) and strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) were harmonized.
Effects of different cooking methods on the proximate composition and physical properties of Brown shrimp (Metapenaeus dobsonii) during cooking and freezing cycle
Authors: Verma Sumit Kumar , Ganesan P , Kishore Pankaj , Remya S , Mohan CO , Padmavathy Pandurengan , Muralidhran Nagarajan , Bindu J
Published: April 2023

Present study aimed to evaluate the changes in proximate composition and physical attributes in brown shrimp ( Metapenaeus dobsonii) exposed to different methods of cooking followed by freezing. For this, three different grades (100/200, 200/300, and 300/500 numbers per kg) of brown shrimp were cooked at 90 °C till the core temperature of the product reaches 85 °C using hot water, steam, and microwave (400 W) techniques. The changes in yield, cooking loss, proximate composition, textural, and colour profile were assessed for cooked shrimps. The cooking loss was higher for larger grades of shrimp, whereas shrimp cooked using hot water exhibited the highest cooking loss. Lowest cooking loss was observed for microwave-cooked shrimp. Moisture content decreased after cooking whereas protein, fat, ash, and calorie content increased. After cooking, different grades of shrimp showed an increase in their lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) values. The smaller grade shrimp exhibited lower value for cohesiveness, hardness, chewiness, and gumminess. Different cooking techniques yielded cooked shrimp of varying hardness values.
Malarial retinopathy in a preschool child: A case report with long-term paediatric and ophthamological follow-up
Authors: Lazzerini Andrea , Sforza Francesca , Fornasari Elisa , Mastropasqua Rodolfo , Bergonzini Patrizia , Iughetti Lorenzo , Cavallini Gian Maria
Published: April 2023

Aim

To report a paediatric case of retinopathy-positive cerebral malaria, emphasizing the clinical significance of long-term neurological and ophthalmological follow-up (5,5 years).

Case report

After a recent journey in Ghana, a 17-month-old African female child was admitted at the Paediatric Emergency Room with fever and vomiting. Blood smear confirmed a Plasmodium Falciparum parasitaemia. Iv quinine was promptly administered, but after a few hours, the child developed generalized seizures, requiring benzodiazepine therapy and assisted ventilation for severe desaturation. Brain imaging (CT and MRI), lumbar puncture and several electroencephalograms showed data compatible with cerebral involvement of malaria. Schepens ophthalmoscopy and Ret-Cam pictures acquisition revealed macular haemorrhages in the left eye with central whitening and bilateral capillary abnormalities, typical signs of malarial retinopathy. Antimalarial therapy and iv Levetiracetam allowed neurological improvement. Eleven days after the admission, the child was discharged, showing no neurological symptoms and with an improved EEG signal, a normalized fundus oculi and brain imaging. Neurological and ophthalmological long-term follow-up were conducted: EEG controls didn’t reveal abnormalities and the complete ophthalmological assessment showed a regular visual acuity and fundus oculi, as well as a normal SD-OCT and electrophysiologic testing.

Conclusion

Cerebral malaria is a severe complication, characterized by a high fatality rate and challenging diagnosis. A helpful instrument for diagnostic and prognostic evaluation is the ophthalmological detection of malarial retinopathy and its monitoring over time. In our patient the long term visual follow-up didn’t reveal any adverse outcome.
The Nexus Between COVID-19 Factors and Air Pollution
Authors: Parvin Rehana
Published: April 2023

Background and Objective:

There have been significant effects of the current coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) infection outbreak on many facets of everyday life, particularly the environment. Despite the fact that a number of studies have already been published on the topic, an analysis of those studies’ findings on COVID-19’s effects on environmental pollution is still lacking. The goal of the research is to look into greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution in Bangladesh when COVID-19 is under rigorous lockdown. The specific drivers of the asymmetric relationship between air pollution and COVID-19 are being investigated.

Methods:

The nonlinear relationship between carbon dioxide ([Formula: see text]) emissions, fine particulate matter [Formula: see text] and COVID-19, as well as its precise components, are also being investigated. To examine the asymmetric link between COVID-19 factors on [Formula: see text] emissions and [Formula: see text] we employed the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model. Daily positive cases and daily confirmed death by COVID-19 are considered the factors of COVID-19, with lockdown as a dummy variable.

Results:

The bound test confirmed the existence of long-run and short-run relationships between variables. Bangladesh’s strict lockdown, enforced in reaction to a surge of COVID-19 cases, reduced air pollution and dangerous gas emissions, mainly [Formula: see text] according to the dynamic multipliers graph.
The effect of aviation anti-wear additives on tribofilm formation and micropitting propensity
Authors: Airey Jake , Simpson James , Spencer Matthew , Greenwood Richard W , Simmons Mark JH
Published: April 2023

This article studies the effect of anti-wear additives on micropitting and tribofilm formation. In particular, anti-wear additives used in aviation applications have been compared against a commonly used automotive anti-wear additive (zinc dialkyldithiophosphate ((ZDDP)) that is known to promote micropitting. All tests were performed under test conditions representative of the Power GearBox within Rolls-Royce's new engine, the UltraFan©. Tests using a micropitting rig found that ZDDP formed micropits the fastest, which then propagated onto the largest amount of wear showing the catastrophic effects of micropitting. Whereas other aviation anti-wear additives, such as tricresyl phosphate and additive X, formed micropits more slowly but faster than the formulation without additives containing only base oil. Focus variation microscopy was used to characterise the micropits and found that ZDDP formed smaller and shallower micropits than the other anti-wear additives, and as a result, the wear track of the ZDDP roller had the lowest roughness. The unadditised base oil, whilst it generated micropits more slowly, propagated quickly to a more severe failure mode, showing the harmful effects of having no anti-wear additive present. The profilometer results showed the counterface ring roughness for ZDDP remained the highest, confirming that ZDDP forms a tribofilm quickly. This protects asperities, which consequently promotes micropitting, as high localised asperity contact pressures are maintained. This was further confirmed by evaluating the tribofilms using a mini traction machine with spacer layer imaging to form tribofilms under representative conditions. This demonstrated that ZDDP forms a thicker tribofilm than the aviation anti-additives and at a faster rate. Overall, the study showed that the aviation anti-wear additives promote micropitting less than ZDDP but more than base oil alone. The slower action of the tribofilm formation allows the initial running-in of surfaces, which slows down the initiation of micropitting.
The law and politics of funding armed groups in Syria: how states (fail to) counter terrorism
Authors: Anwar Tasniem
Published: April 2023

This article examines the political and legal controversies around a counterterrorism programme conducted by the Dutch government to support the so-called moderate groups in Syria between 2015 and 2018. The controversies centred around the question how the Dutch government was able to define and support armed moderate groups in Syria and distinguish them from terrorist organizations. The objective of the article is to take up this question and unpack how the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs constructed and justified their definition of material support for moderate groups deployed in this programme, against existing definitions of terrorism funding and terrorist groups embedded in European counterterrorism financing regulations. Connecting to the debates around materiality in both International Relations and International Law, this article follows the material-semiotic practices through which definitions of terrorism come into being. The empirical analysis draws on interviews with legal professionals, policy documents and court transcripts, and provides a detailed overview of how multiple and even conflicting definitions of terrorism and terrorism financing are constructed by the Dutch state. Taking this interdisciplinary approach to materiality and based on the empirical analysis, I propose that this controversy on defining terrorism and terrorism financing reflects a Eurocentric assumption about the knowledge and responsibilities of the Western state in the War on Terror. While the empirics are grounded in the Dutch context, my analysis is relevant for multiple European countries who engaged in similar operations between 2015 and 2018, as well as for future counterterrorism efforts targeting terrorist groups.
Effects of a digital self-control intervention to increase physical activity in middle-aged adults
Authors: Stieger Mirjam , Allemand Mathias , Lachman Margie E
Published: April 2023

The goal of this study was to test the effects of a 7-week digital self-control intervention to increase physical activity using a two-arm randomized controlled trial. The self-control treatment group showed greater increases in self-reported physical activity (MET’s) than the comparison group. Both groups significantly increased their daily steps and self-control. Participants with higher initial levels of conscientiousness were better able to increase their daily steps during the intervention and participants who increased more in self-control showed greater increases in MET’s. These moderation effects were more pronounced in the self-control treatment group as compared to the comparison group. This study shows that the effects of physical activity interventions may depend on personality characteristics and outcomes may be improved when individual differences are considered and targeted.
Predicting opioid use disorder before and after the opioid prescribing peak in the United States: A machine learning tool using electronic healthcare records
Authors: Banks Tyler J , Nguyen Tung D , Uhlmann Jeffery K , Nair Satish S , Scherrer Jeffrey F
Published: April 2023

Existing predictive models of opioid use disorder (OUD) may change as the rate of opioid prescribing decreases. Using Veterans Administration’s EHR data, we developed machine-learning predictive models of new OUD diagnoses and ranked the importance of patient features based on their ability to predict a new OUD diagnosis in 2000–2012 and 2013–2021. Using patient characteristics, the three separate machine learning techniques were comparable in predicting OUD, achieving an accuracy of >80%. Using the random forest classifier, opioid prescription features such as early refills and length of prescription consistently ranked among the top five factors that predict new OUD. Younger age was positively associated with new OUD, and older age inversely associated with new OUD. Age stratification revealed prior substance abuse and alcohol dependency as more impactful in predicting OUD for younger patients. There was no significant difference in the set of factors associated with new OUD in 2000–2012 compared to 2013–2021. Characteristics of opioid prescriptions are the most impactful variables that predict new OUD both before and after the peak in opioid prescribing rates. Predictive models should be tailored to age groups. Further research is warranted to determine if machine learning models perform better when tailored to other patient subgroups.
The emotional effects of multimodal disinformation: How multimodality, issue relevance, and anxiety affect misperceptions about the flu vaccine
Authors: Lee Jiyoung , Hameleers Michael , Shin Soo Yun
Published: April 2023

Disinformation presented in multiple modalities (textual, visual, and auditory modes; multimodal disinformation) has become a serious concern. This study examines how disinformation, portrayed using an image or video format, may be more powerful than text-only disinformation. In particular, we examined the impact on affective mechanisms, as well as the moderating role of perceived issue relevance. Through an online experiment with modality conditions and a control group (text-only disinformation vs image-plus-text disinformation vs video-plus-text disinformation vs control; N = 413), results indicate that while anxiety is a critical mechanism that explains the overall effects of disinformation on misperceptions, video-plus-text disinformation turns out to increase misperceptions directly or indirectly through anxiety. Video-plus-text disinformation (vs control) showed a significant interaction with perceived issue relevance; that said, the difference in anxiety decreased between those with low and high perceived issue relevance in the video-plus-text disinformation. Implications are discussed in light of the realism heuristic, affect heuristic, and modality-biased processing in explaining the emotional impact of multimodal disinformation.
Impact force identification on composite panels using fully overlapping group sparsity based on Lp-norm regularization
Authors: Zhou Rui , Wang Yanan , Qiao Baijie , Zhu Weidong , Liu Junjiang , Chen Xuefeng
Published: April 2023

Impact force identification is of great importance for composite structural health monitoring due to the poor impact resistance of composite materials. Convex sparse regularization method based on L1-norm tends to underestimate the amplitude of the impact force. This paper proposes a novel method using fully overlapping group sparsity based on Lp-norm regularization (FOGS Lp) for impact force identification, which can localize the impact force and reconstruct its time history simultaneously with limited measurements in under-determined cases. The FOGS Lp method takes more sparse prior information into account by combining the non-convex Lp-norm ([Formula: see text]) and fully overlapping group sparsity to promote sparse solutions, thus improving the accuracy of the reconstructed impact force. An accelerated grouped shrinkage-thresholding algorithm is employed to solve the non-convex optimization problem under the majorization-minimization framework. The Nesterov’s acceleration strategy is modified to accommodate the requirements of non-convex optimization. Simulations and experiments are conducted on composite panels to validate the effectiveness of the FOGS Lp method. Results demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the FOGS Lp method to localize the impact force and reconstruct its time history simultaneously while 25 potential impact points are monitored using two sensors. Compared with L1-norm, Lp-norm, and L2,1-norm regularization methods, the proposed method performs best in both simulations and experiments.
Cosmopolitan nationalism as an analytical lens: Four articulations in education policy
Authors: Yemini Miri , Maxwell Claire , Wright Ewan , Engel Laura , Lee Moosung
Published: April 2023

Cosmopolitanism and nationalism are often presented in binary terms, as standing in opposition to each other, especially with regards to education. In this paper, we establish a framework for studying education policy today through the lens of a concept we have developed: ‘cosmopolitan nationalism’. Many education systems around the world are grappling with and simultaneously integrating both cosmopolitan and nationalist elements in policy objectives, curricular content and pedagogic approaches. Through an in-depth analysis of three country examples – China, the US and Israel – we outline four different manifestations of education policy that can be explained by employing the analytical lens of cosmopolitan nationalism: (i) the increasing prominence and visibility of the International Baccalaureate within these three public education systems; (ii) reforms of specific curricula elements and pedagogies legitimised with reference to approaches assessed as globally leading through international assessments; (iii) efforts to promote national education systems as international beacons of best practice; (iv) creation of alternative education provisions that are promoted globally for very specific purposes and populations. We argue that, given our heterogeneous sample of case study countries, and careful analysis of these, a cosmopolitan nationalism lens offers important insights into education policy-making today which has the potential to be applied in other contexts.
Reimagining Well-Being Research in HRD
Authors: Alagaraja Meera
Published: April 2023

In recent years, a significant interest on the relevance of well-being has spurred dialog at every level -- from mundane everyday conversations about how we are feeling, to broader discussions related to the well-being of our communities and society. Joining a conversation about well-being is not difficult as we can talk to each other about our experiences. Recognizing commonalities in well-being experiences brings us together and gives shared purpose and meaning. For example, within the Academy of Human Resource Development (AHRD), we must continue to focus on the well-being of our members, stakeholders, and broad audiences we serve. Clearly, the efforts we undertake as HRD practitioners and researchers can only enhance the relevance and importance of well-being research and practice. Below, I share key academic conversations concerning well-being, and how HRD can promote greater exchange of ideas, and enhance our collective knowledge both in research and practice.
Registry-Based Phenotyping to Improve the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Encephalitis
Authors: Steriade Claude
Published: April 2023

[Box: see text]
Survey on Localization From the Development Perspective
Authors: Zorrakin-Goikoetxea Itziar
Published: April 2023

Localization is the adaptation of a video game at multiple levels to make it appealing for a new market and it greatly contributes to its success. Research regarding localization has been increasing for some years, but there are still close to no studies that analyze it from a development perspective. Through a survey of the developers of the video games available in Spanish on Steam (a popular video game digital distribution platform), we will show that the size and experience of the developing company influence the choice of the translator, the possibility to receive reference images, and the level of internationalization and revision applied. The sooner the localization is scheduled, the more likely the game is to be translated by a professional who can’t play the game before translating it. The results hint at a multifaceted and relatively inexperienced industry that could learn from the experience of other companies.
“You Took That From Me”: Conspiracism and Online Harassment in the Alt-Fandom of The Last of Us Part II
Authors: Letizi Robert , Norman Callan
Published: April 2023

The reception to 2020's The Last of Us Part II was a maelstrom of misleading marketing, unprecedented leaks, and a vicious fallout characterized by prejudiced online harassment and sprawling conspiracies. Through an in-depth analysis of Part II's reception, this article seeks to apprehend the increasing frequency of such controversies in popular culture as a distinct transformation of online fandom, which is defined by the agendas of the alt-right. The “anti-woke” campaigns emblematic of these communities are best understood through what this article defines as alt-fandom, where conspiracy theories are fabricated in order to defy the supposed ideological and narrative transgressions of a new text. In the case of The Last of Us franchise, the challenges posed by its corrosive alt-fandom are endemic to a new reception climate confronting the production of media texts.
Improved Outcomes in Operative Management of Concomitant Distal Radius and Scaphoid Fractures
Authors: Verlinsky Luke , Ulmer Clinton , Rose Alec , Brady Christina , Rose Ryan
Published: April 2023

Background:

This study aims to investigate the characteristics of concomitant distal radius and scaphoid fractures and determine outcome differences of operative and nonoperative management.

Methods:

A retrospective search of a level-1 trauma center’s database over a 15-year period (2007-2022) for concomitant distal radius and scaphoid fractures in adult patients was completed. In all, 31 cases were reviewed for mechanism of injury, method of fracture management, distal radius fracture AO Foundation/Orthopaedic Trauma Association classification, scaphoid fracture classification, time to radiographic scaphoid union, time to motion, and other demographics. A multivariate statistical analysis was completed comparing outcomes in operative versus conservative management of the scaphoid fracture in these patients. Outcomes were defined as time to radiographic union and time to motion.

Results:

In all, 22 cases of operative fixation of the scaphoid and 9 cases of nonoperative management of the scaphoid were reviewed. One case of nonunion was identified in the operative group. Operative management of scaphoid fractures resulted in a statistically significant reduction in time to motion (2-week reduction) and time to radiographic union (8-week reduction).

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates that operative management of scaphoid fractures in the setting of a concomitant distal radius fracture reduces the time to radiographic union and time to clinical motion. This suggests that operative management is ideal in patients who are good candidates for surgery and desire earlier return of motion. However, conservative management should be considered, as nonoperative care showed no statistical difference regarding union rates of scaphoid or distal radius fractures.
News media framing of correctional officers: “Corrections is so Negative, we don’t get any Good Recognition”
Authors: Ricciardelli Rosemary , Stoddart Mark , Austin Heather
Published: April 2023

The work of correctional officers (COs) is essential yet remains largely hidden from society. As such, media framing plays an important role in shaping public perceptions of COs and their work. COs encounter adverse events over the course of their occupational work and are legally—and sometimes publicly—held accountable. In the current study, we first present a text-based frame analysis of local news media published between January 2019 and December 2019 to see how COs are represented in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador (NL). We then draw from 25 interviews with COs employed at Her [His] Majesty’s Penitentiary in St. John’s, NL, to learn how the officers interpret the media’s framing of their occupation. Grounded emergent theme analyses of interview data reveal officers share concerns about what they perceived as unfair negative media framing. COs more often feel like objects of media framing with little agency to shape media narratives about their work. COs’ lay theories about their representation in mainstream news media illuminate a misalignment between media framing and their own work experience. This misalignment is a source of anxiety and additional job strain.
Exposure to Immigrants Does Not Moderate the Relationship Between Disgust Sensitivity and Opposition to Immigration
Authors: van Leeuwen Florian , Aarøe Lene , Petersen Michael Bang , Sønderskov Kim Mannemar
Published: April 2023

Individuals who are more motivated to avoid pathogenic infection tend to be more opposed to immigrants. Explanations for this relation emphasize lack of familiarity, with people who are more unfamiliar with ethnic outgroups being more likely to perceive them as a possible infection risk and therefore oppose immigration. Exposure to immigrants can increase familiarity with outgroup members. This suggests that exposure to immigrants attenuates the relationship between pathogen avoidance motivation and opposition to immigration. We tested this prediction in four studies using country-level ethnic fractionalization and segregation (Study 1) and proportion of immigrants at the local neighborhood level (Studies 2–4) as indicators of exposure to immigrants. Results showed that intergroup exposure did not attenuate the relation between pathogen avoidance motivation and opposition to immigration. This suggests that long-term exposure to ethnic outgroups is insufficient to make them and their customs nonthreatening for those with strong worries about pathogenic threats.
Trustworthiness of Crowds Is Gleaned in Half a Second
Authors: Andrew H. Chwe John , Freeman Jonathan B.
Published: April 2023

Trustworthiness is a fundamental dimension underlying trait impressions of individual faces, and these impressions predict real-world social consequences. Building on ensemble coding research from the vision sciences, we explored to what extent statistical information about trustworthiness is gleaned from rapid exposure to crowds of faces. We showed that with half-second exposures to sets of eight faces, perceivers are sensitive to the set’s average level of trustworthiness (Study 1). Moreover, this group-level sensitivity biases individual group member evaluations (Study 2), as well as downstream social behavior related to those evaluations (Study 3), toward the mean of the group. Together, the findings add to a growing body of “people perception” research and show that even high-level social characteristics such as personality traits may be spontaneously gleaned from rapid exposure to crowds of faces.
Observing Senior and More Experienced Colleagues in Action: A Useful Tool for Early Career Teaching Staff at Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Fabiyi Samson D.
Published: April 2023

Highlights

Teaching staff at higher education institutions need exposure to different teaching approaches and technologies to bring excellence to teaching and learning. This can be actualized through observation of senior and more experienced colleagues in action. This paper, therefore, examines how teaching staff at the early career stage can benefit from teaching observation, and also presents the author's self-reflection on teaching observation.
Outcome of medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy and conversion knee arthroplasty in a local joint replacement centre
Authors: Brian Leung Hok W , Bruce Tang Yan H
Published: April 2023

Background

The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term survivorship of medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy. The secondary purpose is to review the clinical outcome and surgical challenges during conversion knee arthroplasty.

Methodology

The patients with medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy performed from 1995 to 2019 were reviewed. The survivorship, surgical particulars and clinical outcomes of the conversion arthroplasty were reviewed.

Results

There were 61 medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy performed from 1995 to 2019. The overall 10-year survival rate of medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy is 83.7%. In total, 22 medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy required conversion arthroplasty and none of them required revision in the study period. The patients who required conversion arthroplasty had higher mean posterior tibial slope than those who did not require it (14.5° vs 11.6°; p = 0.047). In total, 52.3% required quadriceps snip for exposure, 14.3% need a tibial stemmed component and 9.5% need a constrained total knee replacement. There was statistically significant improvement in Knee Society knee score, functional score, and range of motion after the conversion arthroplasty.

Conclusion

The 10-year survival rate of medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy is satisfactory. The patients who required conversion arthroplasty had higher mean posterior tibial slope. In conversion cases, with careful pre-operative planning, most of them can be converted to conventional total knee replacement. The range of movement and functional scores significantly improved after conversion arthroplasty. Also, patellar baja or not does not predict the need for quadriceps snip during conversion arthroplasty.
Employee Voice: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Mohammad Sheikh Sajid , Nazir Nazir A , Mufti Sabiya
Published: April 2023

Employee voice has witnessed a consistent growth in conceptual as well as empirical research across a range of disciplines. Several reviews have been conducted on employee voice due to diverse and extensive literature available; however, no systematic literature review is available on the antecedents, outcomes, inhibitors, organizational norms and practices in employee voice research. This study, therefore, presents a systematic review of 67 research articles on employee voice published in 33 journals from 2000 to 2021. The articles were collected from seven well-known management databases namely, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, SAGE, Taylor and Francis, Emerald Insight, Wiley and JSTOR. The primary aim of this review is to identify themes of research on employee voice and to assess the methodologies used in the literature. Five themes were used to organize the findings of the research on employee voice. Subsequently, the review also sought to determine the type of research methods employed in the studies of employee voice concentrating on research design, statistical methodology and sectoral focus. On the basis of review findings, the study also discusses practical implications and provides future research directions.
Book review: Ashley J. Tellis, Striking Asymmetries: Nuclear Transitions in Southern Asia
Authors: Paul T. V.
Published: April 2023

Ashley J. Tellis, Striking Asymmetries: Nuclear Transitions in Southern Asia. Washington DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2022, 303 pp., (electronic). ISBN: NA.
Level of Knowledge on Kangaroo Mother Care and Its Associated Factors Among Postnatal Mothers With Preterm Babies in Central Tanzania: Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chamhene Naomi , Moshi Fabiola Vincent
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Kangaroo mother care (KMC) has been proven to reduce preterm babies’ deaths by 40%. The study aimed at assessing the prevalence and predictors of knowledge about KMC among postnatal mothers of preterm babies in the Central zone, Tanzania.

Objective

To assess the level of knowledge about KMC and its associated factors.

Methods

It was an analytical cross-sectional study involving 363 mothers of preterm babies from the Central zone. All mothers admitted during data collection and who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled until the sample size was attained. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS v23. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the study variable while inferential statistics (univariate and multivariate analyses) were used to determine the predictors of knowledge.

Results

Only 138(38%) postnatal mothers had adequate knowledge about KMC. Factors associated with knowledge on KMC were the age of the mother (those aged ≥30 years were almost four times more likely to have adequate knowledge compared to those aged <20 years [ P  =  .044]), level of education of the mother (women who had secondary education and above were six times more likely to have adequate knowledge on KMC compared with those with no formal education [ P < .001) and the family type of a postnatal mother living in (those living in a nuclear families were 48% less likely to have adequate knowledge if compared with those living in extended families [ P  =  .012]).

Conclusion

Less than half of the interviewed postdelivery women had adequate knowledge of KMC. Postdelivery women who were more likely to have adequate knowledge about KMC were those aged more than 30 years, with a higher level of education, and living in extended families. We recommend a deliberate effort on improving postnatal mothers’ knowledge of KMC, one of the strategies being initiating care of preterm babies in the antenatal package to prepare these mothers.
Border hotels: Spaces of detention and quarantine
Authors: Jerrems Ari , Barry Kaya , Burridge Andrew , Ozguc Umut
Published: April 2023

‘Border hotels’ have come to prominence during the COVID-19 pandemic as spaces of detention and quarantine. Despite the longer history of using hotels for immigrant detention, efforts to contain outbreaks have led to the proliferation of hotels used for border governance. Ad hoc quarantine facilities have been set up around the world acting as choke points for mobility. The use of hotels as sites of detention has also gained significant attention, with pandemic related restrictions impacting on access to services for detained refugees and asylum seekers. Inhumane conditions and mobilisations against these conditions have recently received substantial media coverage. This symposium initiates a discussion about ‘border hotels’, closely engaging with these developments. Contributors document the shifting infrastructures of the border, and explore how these sites are experienced and resisted. They draw attention to divergent experiences of immobility, belonging, exclusion, and intersections of detention and quarantine. In exploring different - and controversial - aspects of ‘border hotels’, this symposium theorises modalities of governance implemented through hotels. Following in the footsteps of the ‘hotel geopolitics’ agenda (Fregonese and Ramadan 2015) it illustrates how hotels become integrated into border regimes. In doing so, it contributes to debates on the material and infrastructural dimensions of bordering practices and specifically to the literature on carceral geographies, polymorphic bordering and the politics of mobility.