bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Metode Fun-Learning Tingkatkan Kemampuan Akademik Anak Di Panti Asuhan Baitul Amanah Irwansyah Dakhi
Authors: Ritonga Fajar Utama , Anggraini Dwiyana Cahya
Published: August 2022

Children are an inseparable part of the context of change because children have an important role as the next generation of the nation. In order to be able to fulfill their responsibilities and roles in the future, every child needs to get protection and the opportunity to grow and develop physically, mentally and socially optimally. Children are vulnerable to becoming victims of various social problems because they are physically weak and easily manipulated. Orphanages are social welfare institutions that accommodate children with various social problems to help and ensure they have the basic rights to grow and develop optimally. The problems that exist at the Baitul Amanah Irwansyah Dakhi Orphanage are limitations on infrastructure and funding such as the absence of educators and the low academic ability of the orphans. Fun-Learning is a teaching method that focuses on creating comfortable and interactive teaching conditions so that learning can take place effectively. The Fun-Learning implementation was carried out during the Job Training-2 carried out using the General Method, which consisted of Engagement and Intake Contract, Assessment, Planning, Intervention, Termination.
Analysis of the Effects of Personal Traits and Internet Addiction on Indonesian Students’ Learning Motivation
Authors: Haramain Muhammad , Afiah Nur
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between personality type and internet addiction behaviour and learning motivation among Indonesian students. In addition, each personality type is examined in relation to internet addiction and learning motivation. This study involved 337 students from South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Using multiple linear regression, the study's statistical analyses were performed. The study's findings indicate that personality type and internet addiction behaviour influence learning motivation with a significance value of 0.00 (p 0.05) and a R square value of 0.77 or 7%. This indicates that these two variables influence learning motivation by 7 percent. Furthermore, learning motivation depends on each individual's unique personality. There are three personalities significantly correlated with learning motivation: agreeableness (sig = 0.00; sig 0.05), consciousness (sig = 0.00; sig 0.05), and openness to experience (sig = 0.01; sig 0.05). Extraversion, with a value of sig = 0.367 (sig> 0.05), and neuroticism, with a value of sig 0.137 (sig> 0.05), are the only two of the big five personality traits that are not correlated with learning motivation. Personality factors influence internet addiction. Extraversion with a value of sig = 0.045 (sig 0.05), agreeableness with a value of sig = 0.021 (sig 0.05), and neuroticism with a value of sig = 0.02 (sig 0.05) are three of the big five personality traits that correlate with internet addiction behaviour. On the other hand, there are two Big Five Personality traits that are not associated with internet addiction: consciousness with a sig value of 0.189 (sig>0.05) and openness to experience with a sig value of 0.704% (sig>0.05).
Glyphosate and aminomethyphosphonic (AMPA) contents in Brazilian field crops soils
Authors: Giard Francis , Lucotte Marc , Moingt Matthieu , Gaspar Avner
Published: August 2022

Because of a lack of direct measurements, the presence and persistence of glyphosate and its main metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in agricultural soils of Brazil remains unknown. This paper aims at reporting glyphosate and AMPA contents in Brazilian field crop soils at the country scale from southern states to eastern Amazon. Brazilian field crop farmers are among the highest users of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) in the world. Soybean and corn field crop soils from 17 sites were collected at two depths (i.e. 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm) in 2016 and 2018. The study area encompasses three regions of Brazil: southern Brazil, central-west Brazil and eastern Amazon, all having in common intensive, conventional, large-scale grain farming. ßGlyphosate and AMPA contents were measured using a GC-ECD following soil extraction. Both chemicals were ubiquitously detected in soils cultivated under various agricultural practices ranging from ploughing to no-till ones. Average measured glyphosate and AMPA contents were 0.08 ± 0.09 µg/g and 0.17 ± 0.16 µg/g respectively with maximum values of 0.57 µg/g and 0.98 µg/g. Glyphosate plus AMPA contents in the top 40 cm of soils presented cumulated amounts exceeding the annual glyphosate inputs via GBH. This is interpreted as a multiannual persistence of these chemicals in Brazilian agricultural soils. Downward migration of glyphosate and AMPA is also suspected with regard to the vertical distribution of these chemicals along with deeper soil horizons. This study highlights the backlash of conservation agriculture as far as glyphosate and AMPA presence in agricultural soils are concerned. These compounds persistence in Brazilian soils appear to be longer than what is usually reported in the literature, especially so for tropical environments. The worldwide concern about the ubiquitous presence of glyphosate and AMPA in the environment needs a broader screening in Brazilian field crop soils since the majority of the available data comes from Argentina, Europe and to a lesser extent North America.
Study of Cultural Values of Panah Dance in the Ohoi Ngefuit Community Using Song Instruments in Southeast Maluku Regency
Authors: Roy Marthen Rahanra
Published: August 2022

The history of civilization of the Ohoi Ngefuit people proves that the majority of the Ohoi Ngefuit people are the result of the migration of the Balinese people in ancient times, this can be seen from the cultural similarities and the performances of traditional rituals that are similar to the traditional Balinese culture and rituals. This Panah Dance originally came from a war dance, using bows and arrows as properties that can inspire and inflame the courage of men, but it is different from the Panah Dance in the ohoi ngefuit Panah Dance which is used by using ynayian instruments by the dancers. The Panah Dance of the ohoi ngefut community is different from the Kei people in the Kei islands. This research uses a descriptive method. The purpose of this study is to find out how much the Panah Dance culture of the Ohoi Ngefuit community is maintained until now.
Comparison of Functional Movement Analysis (FMS) and Core Performance in Children Who Attended and Didn't Attend Karate Training
Authors: Atalay Emre Serdar , Atalay Güler
Published: August 2022

Karate athletes perform many high-intensity actions during matches. However, as with all sports disciplines, training can result in overload or injury. To minimize the risk, it is necessary to make a reliable assessment. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS ™) can be used as a reliable clinical tool to predict athletes' injury risk. The aim of this study is to examine the functional movement scores of school-age children attending karate sports training and to compare them with the control group. Secondly, core strength and core endurance parameters were evaluated. The research was conducted on children aged 8-11 who have been attending karate training for at least one year within the Ministry of Youth and Sports (n=14) and who have just started this education (maximum 2 weeks) (n=14). Among the children included in the assessment, the mean age of the group that received karate training was 9.35 ± 2.12 years, and the mean age of the group that new beginners were 9.78 ± 0.8 years. There was a significant difference in hurdle step (both sides), shoulder mobility (right side), trunk stability push-up, rotary stability (both sides) and total FMS score between groups (p<0,05). In addition, a significant difference was found between the groups in the core flexion endurance parameter (p<0,05). As a result, we can say that karate training improves physical fitness in school-age children.
Sistem Kontrol Suhu Extruder Mesin Molding Microplastic Metode PID Berbasis PLC
Authors: Aprianto Moh. Riski , Rifa'i Muhammad , Safitri Hari Kurnia
Published: August 2022

Intisari— Perkembangan teknologi yang semakin canggih pada industri percetakan barang berbahan plastik mengakibatkan bertambahnya permintaan jumlah produksi dalam waktu yang singkat. Salah satu cara mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah membuat mesin injeksi molding. Mesin molding microplastic merupakan mesin injeksi molding yang bertujuan untuk media pembelajaran dengan ukuran yang diperkecil akan tetapi prinsip kerja yang sama. Salah satu bagian dari mesin molding microplastic yang perlu diperhatikan adalah suhu pada extruder. Suhu pada extruder dipanaskan oleh band heater dan suhu harus terjaga di 180 °C agar material plastik yang digunakan dapat dilelehkan secara sempurna. Kendali suhu mesin molding microplastic menggunakan PLC (Programmable Logic Controller). Metode yang digunakan pada PLC adalah metode PID. Dari pengujian PID yang dilakukan didapatkan nilai Kp = 51.19,  Ki = 0.0003, Kd = 1894030. Dan pada pengujian didapatkan perbedaan waktu untuk mencapai setpoint sebesar 2 menit lebih lambat dari pada band heater yang langsung diberikan tegangan AC 220 V.
Trajectory Tracking pada Robot Omnidirectional dengan 4 Penggerak Mekanum Menggunakan Metode Odometry Berbasis MyRIO
Authors: Abror Zulfikar , Siradjuddin Indrazno , Sungkono Sungkono
Published: August 2022

Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi berkembang semakin pesat. Salah satunya dalam bidang robotika. Secara umum berdasarkan geraknya robot dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu robot manipulator (lengan) dan robot mobile (bergerak) yang merupakan pengembangan teknologi yang sederhana hingga komples. Pengembangan robot yang sederderhana dapat didipelajari dalam hal kontrol navigasi robot, mengingat fungsi utama robot yang dapat bergerak secara otomatis dan memiliki berbagai macam penggerak utama. Sehingga banyak hal yang dapat dipelajari dalam hal navigasi robot. Pada bidang mobile robot, agar robot dapat bergerak secara efisien dan tepat dapat menggunakan metode navigasi berupa analisa kinematik dengan memanfaatkan sensor encoder yang terdapat pada aktuator yang berfungsi untuk memperkirakan perubahan perpindahan robot. Navigasi pergerakan robot dengan analisa kinematik memanfaatkan hasil dari data sensor encoder untuk memperkirakan perpindahan posisi robot dari waktu ke waktu selama robot bergerak atau dapat disebut dengan istilah odometry. Setelah melakukan empat percobaan navigasi robot menggunakan metode kinematik, didapat nilai-nilai error pada trajectory tracking kurang dari 10% dan error pada pengukuran lapangan kurang dari 20% saat robot bergerak menuju koordinat yang dituju.
Alat Pemotong Kaca Dengan Pola Gambar Pada Proses Pembuatan Aquarium Menggunakan Mikrokontroller ATMega 2560
Authors: Atha Eend Muhairiz , Priyadi Bambang , Palupi Lucky Nindya
Published: August 2022

Intisari — Pada proses industri , kemudahan dalam berbagai bidang saat ini sangat dibutuhkan oleh banyak khalangan dalam kehidupan sehari – hari. Salah satunya adalah pemotongan kaca yang biasanya masih dialakukan dengan cara manual. Oleh sebab itu dikembangkan sebuah desain alat pemotong kaca otomatis yang berfungsi untuk memotong kaca dan mempermudah proses pemotongan kaca terutama dalam pembuatan aquarium. Alat pemotong kaca ini dikendalikan dengan kode huruf dan angka (Numerik) yang berkerja dengan tingkat akurasi yang sangat tinggi dibandingkan dengan proses pemotongan secara manual. Mesin ini dikontrol dengan 3 sumbu yaitu (X,Y,Z), dengan sumbu X yang berotasi depan dan belakang, Y berotasi kanan dan kiri kemudian Z sebagai sumbu tekanan yang berotasi kebawah dan keatas. Pada Penelitian ini dibuat sebuah desain alat pemotong kaca otomatis yang berfungsi untuk memotong kaca dan alat ini mempunyai error rata-rata pemotongan kaca sebesar 0,16%Kata Kunci – Pemotong Kaca, Mikrokontroller ATMega 2560,   Motor Stepper
Potential drivers of leprosy infection: A case–control study of parasitic coinfection and water, sanitation, and hygiene in North Gondar, Ethiopia
Authors: Wasson Megan K. , Whitson Cassidy , Miller Bridget , Abebe Wondwossen , Tessema Belay , Emerson Lisa E. , Anantharam Puneet , Tesfaye Annisa Befekadu , Fairley Jessica K.
Published: August 2022

Background

Despite extensive control measures and a declining number of human reservoirs, the incidence of leprosy in excess of 200,000 new cases each year suggests that alternative pathways of transmission may play a role in continued endemicity. Parasitic coinfection and limited water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) have been suggested to predispose individuals to Mycobacterium leprae infection and were further explored in this study.

Methods

Leprosy cases and uninfected controls were recruited from areas around North Gondar, Ethiopia throughout 2019. Participants completed dietary and WASH surveys in addition to providing stool for helminth microscopic diagnosis and urine for Schistosoma mansoni Point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA)™ rapid diagnostic testing. A similar methodology was employed for a case–control study of leprosy previously conducted by our research team in North Gondar from May to October of 2018. To more comprehensively evaluate associations between the above exposures and leprosy, data from the present 2019 study and the previous 2018 study were combined in select multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Results

A total of 47 men (59%) and 33 women (41%) participated in this study with an average age of 40 (SD 15.0 years). Most leprosy cases were multibacillary (93%). There was a high prevalence of parasitic coinfection among both cases (71%) and controls (60%). WASH insecurities were also widespread. On multivariate analysis, lack of soap for handwashing [aOR= 2.53, 95% CI (1.17, 5.47)] and the lack of toilet facilities [Adjusted odds ratio (aOR)= 2.32, 95% CI (1.05, 5.12)] were significantly associated with leprosy. Positive directionality was identified for a number of other inputs, including helminth infection [aOR= 3.23, 95% CI (0.85, 12.35)].

Conclusions

Taken together, these findings strengthen previous research conducted in 2018 implicating poor WASH conditions as a driver of leprosy infection. Leprosy remains the leading infectious cause of disability in the world. As such, future research should explore the above susceptibilities in more depth to curtail the global burden of disease.
Labor organization of a nurse in the infectious disease department for children with the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19)
Authors:   Samara Regional Clinical Hospital named after V. D. Seredavina, Samara, Russia, Vavilova E. V. , Shalashova N. Yu. ,   Samara Regional Clinical Hospital named after V. D. Seredavina, Samara, Russia, Pechkurov D. V. ,   Samara Regional Clinical Hospital named after V. D. Seredavina, Samara, Russia
Published: August 2022

The article highlights the issues of organizing the work of a nurse in the infectious diseases department for children with a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), presents the results of a survey of nurses and identifies problems in organizing work with patients in the infectious diseases department for children with COVID-19.
Experience in training competitive medical staff in a hybrid learning environment
Authors:   FGBOU VO «Samara State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Menzul E. V. , Karaseva L. A. ,   FGBOU VO «Samara State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of Russia
Published: August 2022

The role of the system of vocational education, especially medical education, increases as health advances along the path of progress. The conditions for the development of medicine set new priorities and tasks for the system of medical education. The key task is to train nursing professionals with key and professional competencies. Training of highly professional, competitive medical personnel of a new generation based on the formation of a special environment for mutual cooperation between teachers, students and employers; introduction of innovative educational technologies; the desire to ensure a competence-based approach in education and continuous professional training throughout the life of practical healthcare professionals requires managerial, organizational and administrative decisions.
A prática do aleitamento materno associada ao desmame precoce em mães adolescentes
Authors: Damasceno Luena Kerolayne Mendes Figueredo , Figueiredo Thaylon Fernando Bonatti , Angel Douglas José , Costa Hamanda Martins
Published: August 2022

Introdução: A amamentação na adolescência deve ser visualizada como um evento duplo e complexo (adolescência e maternidade), exigindo assim, um cuidado especial pertinente à singularidade em que vivem. Objetivo: Elencar a importância da amamentação exclusiva e identificar os fatores determinantes para o desmame precoce em mães adolescentes Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura descritiva com abordagem qualitativa. Resultados e Discussão: Os estudos demonstraram prevalência de fatores relacionados a pega incorreta e a alterações mamárias. Além disso, o contexto social e a influência dos familiares ganharam destaques nas mães que realizaram o desmame precocemente. Conclusão: Os fatores determinantes encontrados no levantamento podem ser influenciados positivamente por uma educação profissional continuada. As orientações e o acolhimento do profissional de saúde tornam-se fundamental para a manutenção da prática de aleitamento materno exclusivo.
Avaliação dos fatores associados ao bruxismo infantil
Authors: Franco Jadna Silva , Silva Celbe Patrícia Porfírio Franco , Sousa Alex Paulo Sérvio de , Moura Luana Kelle Batista , Silva Tânia Cibele Veríssimo da , Sobrinho Cyntia Natyelle Fernandes , Alencar Alessandra Maria dos Santos , Vieira Nailson Fernando Moura , Oliveira Victor André dos Santos , Barros Fernanda Alves , Silva Laíza da Cruz Pereira da , Almeida Luiza Gabriela Cardoso de , Carvalho Hortência Magge Almada de , Duarte Ana Vitória Machado , Cruz Márcia Regina Soares
Published: August 2022

Introdução: O bruxismo infantil consiste no ato da criança ranger e apertar os dentes, tendo o envolvimento de movimentos parafuncionais da boca e mandíbula. Objetivo: Identificar e avaliar as evidências científicas acerca dos fatores associados a ocorrência de bruxismo em crianças. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, a pesquisa foi realizada no mês de abril de 2022, através da consulta direta de artigos no endereço eletrônico da Bireme – via BVS, nas seguintes bases de dados: SCIELO, PUBMED, LILACS, MEDLINE, BBO. Usando os descritores Bruxismo, Diagnóstico, Odontopediatria. Inclusão de estudos disponíveis na íntegra, publicados nos últimos 10 anos, relevantes, gratuitos, no idioma português, inglês e espanhol. Exclusão de textos indisponíveis na íntegra, com ambivalência e sem relevância. Resultados e Discussão: Foram selecionados 18 artigos. A literatura aponta que os efeitos do bruxismo nos dentes dependem de diversos fatores, como o tipo e gravidade da parafunção, número e localização dos dentes, posicionamento dentário na arcada, relações intermaxilares, altura das cúspides, mobilidade e contato interdentário. Na infância, esse hábito parafuncional é considerado mais severo em crianças com idade pré-escolar, devido as características estruturais e funcionais dos dentes decíduos, embora também apareça em crianças maiores e na dentição permanente. Conclusão: O conhecimento dos fatores etiológicos e das características clínicas do bruxismo na infância são fundamentais para que o diagnóstico seja precoce, possibilitando que odontopediatras, pediatras e psicólogos possam estabelecer um tratamento com abordagem multidisciplinar e favoreçam o desenvolvimento integral da criança para a promoção de saúde e bem-estar individual.
Avaliação de marcadores inflamatórios em idosos renais crônicos com sobrepeso em fase não dialítica e suas implicações clínicas
Authors: Lira Pedro Gustavo Barbosa , Rijo Mateus de Medeiros , Oliveira Michelle Jacintha Cavalcante , Martins Amylly Sanuelly da Paz , Santos Juliana Célia de Farias , Moura Fabiana Andrea
Published: August 2022

O presente estudo, realizado ambulatorialmente em um hospital escola alagoano, teve o objetivo de avaliar a presença de sobrepeso, associado ao perfil dos exames bioquímicos, marcadores de inflamação e suas implicações clínicas, em idosos portadores de DRC. Avaliaram-se clínica e laboratorialmente 30 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, com idade superior a 60 anos, doentes renais crônicos. Após determinação do IMC, os indivíduos foram divididos em eutróficos e com sobrepeso. As análises foram realizadas com o auxílio do pacote estatístico Stata versão 22.0. A média de idade foi de 71,4 (±8,14) e de IMC na faixa do sobrepeso, em sua maioria sedentários, sexo masculino e quase sua totalidade portadora de Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica. Na avaliação da função renal, foram utilizados como marcadores laboratoriais: ureia, creatinina e taxa de filtração glomerular. Tratando-se do perfil inflamatório, a média do TNF- α foi de 807,51 (±47,24) para o grupo de eutróficos e 808,57 (±60,20) para o grupo em sobrepeso, assim como a média de IL-6 foi de 631,78 (±588,82) para o grupo de eutróficos e 293,21 (± 258,66) mostrando-se aumentadas em ambos os grupos. Dessa forma, o estudo evidenciou que não houve diferenças significativas em relação aos valores das citocinas, entre os grupos analisados.
Óleo essencial de lavanda na prática odontológica: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Araujo Valbiana Cristina Melo de Abreu , Passos Amanda Silva , Da Silva Julliana Andrade , Gomes Thayná Rodrigues , Dos Santos Rebeca Milene Maciel , Feitosa Maria Áurea Lira
Published: August 2022

Introdução: A ansiedade que envolve os atendimentos odontológicos dos pacientes é conceituada como a reação a uma tensão específica, a situação odontológica.  Importa, portanto, que o cirurgião-dentista saiba identificar os níveis de ansiedade do paciente para recorrer a práticas que possam ajudar no alívio de estresse   durante os atendimentos clínicos. Dentre as práticas alternativas que podem contribuir com a redução da ansiedade odontológica tem-se a utilização da aromaterapia por meio do óleo de lavanda. Devido sua capacidade de reagir com o sistema nervoso, a lavanda tem mostrado resultados positivos nos sintomas de ansiedade, além de contribuir com a analgesia. Objetivo: Abordar a utilização do óleo de lavanda na prática odontológica com base em evidências científicas presentes na literatura. Para tanto, foram incluídos nesta revisão estudos clínicos disponíveis nas bases de dados PubMed, Science Direct, Lilacs e Cochrane. Os textos selecionados foram de estudos publicados em qualquer ano e país, estando em língua portuguesa ou inglesa, não havendo recorte territorial. Resultados: Foi possível constatar que o óleo essencial de lavanda pode apresentar potencial ansiolítico, sendo um método não farmacológico capaz de proporcionar uma experiência mais agradável ao paciente na cadeira odontológica, por meio da difusão no ambiente; com relatos de um humor mais positivo com sua inalação. Ademais, evidenciou-se ainda, equilíbrio dos sinais vitais como o pulso e pressão arterial e efeito analgésico em procedimentos de anestesia local e exodontias. Considerações finais: Os achados da literatura sugerem que o óleo essencial de lavanda se mostra eficaz na redução da ansiedade durante os atendimentos odontológicos por promover uma condição mais tranquila e agradável ao paciente.
Recursos Educacionais Abertos (REA) na educação em ciências: uma análise do plano de ensino à luz da taxonomia digital de Bloom
Authors: Ortiz José Oxlei de Souza , Dorneles Aline Machado , Ribeiro Luis Otoni Meireles
Published: August 2022

Este artigo apresenta uma análise da elaboração de um plano de ensino que foi estruturado com base nos princípios cognitivos da Taxonomia Digital de Bloom. Centra-se em compreender a organização e classificação dos objetivos de aprendizagem empregados nas atividades no Ensino de Ciências com uso de REA. Observa-se que os objetivos de aprendizagem contribuíram para construção de um plano de ensino em comunidade online de pós-graduandos, oportunizando uma formação horizontal a partir do uso de REA. Para tanto, a pesquisa utilizou-se de análise qualitativa e exploratória para interpretação dos dados. Como resultado verificamos que os níveis de “Recordar, Entender e Aplicar” dos objetivos de aprendizagem tiveram maior expressividade na aprendizagem.
Ajustando as lentes: da conferência de Durban ao plano de implementação das diretrizes curriculares à ERER
Authors: Santos Alexsandro do Nascimento , Cardoso Eduardo
Published: August 2022

Este artigo visa demonstrar a importância da luta dos movimentos sociais negros brasileiros e sua participação na Conferência de Durban. Através do método qualitativo de pesquisa e análise documental e bibliográfica, procurou-se verificar a convergência entre os pontos apresentados na referida Conferência, a promulgação de leis que promovem a equidade racional na educação e a prática pedagógica. Pelos resultados encontrados, constatou-se que trata-se de um  processo político que exige prementes mudanças, e que as consequências do pós-Durban foram fatores primordiais para o avanço da luta antirracista, principalmente para a implementação da Lei 10.639/03 - que estabelece as Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional - regulamentada pelo Parecer n.º: CNE/CP 003/2004, que incluiu no currículo oficial da Rede de Ensino a obrigatoriedade da temática “História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira”.
Unveiling Dynamic System Strategies for Multisensory Processing: From Neuronal Fixed-Criterion Integration to Population Bayesian Inference
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Gu Yong , Chen Aihua , Yu Yuguo
Published: August 2022

Multisensory processing is of vital importance for survival in the external world. Brain circuits can both integrate and separate visual and vestibular senses to infer self-motion and the motion of other objects. However, it is largely debated how multisensory brain regions process such multisensory information and whether they follow the Bayesian strategy in this process. Here, we combined macaque physiological recordings in the dorsal medial superior temporal area (MST-d) with modeling of synaptically coupled multilayer continuous attractor neural networks (CANNs) to study the underlying neuronal circuit mechanisms. In contrast to previous theoretical studies that focused on unisensory direction preference, our analysis showed that synaptic coupling induced cooperation and competition in the multisensory circuit and caused single MST-d neurons to switch between sensory integration or separation modes based on the fixed-criterion causal strategy, which is determined by the synaptic coupling strength. Furthermore, the prior of sensory reliability was represented by pooling diversified criteria at the MST-d population level, and the Bayesian strategy was achieved in downstream neurons whose causal inference flexibly changed with the prior. The CANN model also showed that synaptic input balance is the dynamic origin of neuronal direction preference formation and further explained the misalignment between direction preference and inference observed in previous studies. This work provides a computational framework for a new brain-inspired algorithm underlying multisensory computation.
Cryptosporidiosis: An Emerging Zoonotic Disease of Global Public Health Concern
Authors: Pal Mahendra , Shuramo Margo Yonas , Gutama Kirubel Paulos
Published: August 2022

Cryptosporidiosis is an infectious emerging zoonotic protozoan disease occurring in both human and animal populations all over the world. Cryptosporidiosis is caused by Cryptosporidium, a tiny parasite that affects humans as well many species of animals. Although Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis (formerly known as C. parvum anthroponotic genotype or genotype 1) are the most common species causing disease in human beings, Cryptosporidium felis, Cryptosporidium meleagridis, Cryptosporidium canis, and Cryptosporidium muris infections have also been reported. Waterborne transmission via drinking water or a swimming pool is common, and outbreaks have been reported in several countries. The most common symptom of cryptosporidiosis in humans is watery diarrhea. People with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to contract serious, long-term, and even fatal infections. The laboratory endeavor is required to make a precise diagnosis of the disease. The demonstration of oocysts of Cryptosporidium in the fecal samples is still used as a simple, easy, and cost-effective technique for the diagnosis of disease. As a preventative and control measure, appropriate hygienic practices must be practiced everywhere. Furthermore, the veterinarians play a crucial role in the treatment of disease in domestic animals.
Household-Based Survey on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards Dengue Infection and Prevention in a Semi-Urban Area (Ja-Ela MOH Area)
Authors: Perera Walgampolage Layoma Shamini , Perera Pathirage Kamal , Wijesundara Chatura , Ambagahawita Anjana Mihiranga , Fernando Sanuri Uththama , Udara Supun , Bandaranayaka Kalpani Omantha
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Dengue is the most prevalent infectious mosquito-borne viral infection in the world. Over time dengue has causedhigh mortality and morbidity. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice among 510 residents ofJa-Ela MOH area using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Ethical clearance was obtained from the National Institute ofHealth Science Kalutara. Results: The majority (50.8%) of the respondents were females, and the mean age of the sample was 43.7±16.7 years. Thestudy results showed that 56.5% (n=288), 52.9% (n=270), and 50.7% (n=257) of the sample had good knowledge, attitudes,and practices (KAP) towards dengue prevention, respectively. Good knowledge is significantly associated with 41-60 years ofage (odds ratio [OR]=2.513, P<0.001), secondary education or higher (OR=1.857, P=0.008), and a monthly income of LKR20000–40000 and more than 40000 (OR=0.477, P=0.016; OR=0.440, P=0.015). Non-Sinhalese nationality (OR=0.180,P=0.033) was associated with poor levels of knowledge. Good attitudes towards the prevention of dengue were found in males(OR=2.095, P=0.001), unemployed individuals (OR=1.759, P=0.018), and individuals with a monthly income of<LKR 20000(OR=2.393, P=0.001). Poor practices towards dengue prevention were found in other nationalities compared to Sinhalese(OR=0.104, P=0.001) while Roman Catholics had poor practices towards dengue prevention (OR=0.677, P=0.041). The studyshows that the experience of dengue is positively associated with better attitudes towards dengue prevention (Mann-Whitney Utest; P<0.001). Conclusion: KAPs were not significantly correlated with each other. Targeted health education and promotion programmesprovided for specific populations should be considered a priority activity.
Prevalence of Different Types of Malaria in Shendi, Sudan
Authors: Aidaros Mohammed Esam. A. , Sharif Oshiak Ahmed , Al-hamodi Mubarak , Mahjaf Ghanem M. , Altaher Tibyan Abd Almajed , Hamad Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed
Published: August 2022

Introduction: This cross-sectional descriptive study aims to detect the incidence of different types of Malaria in Shendi, Sudan, during the period from November 2019 to February 2020. This study was conducted in Shendi, Sudan, which lies 150 km from the national capital of the Republic of Sudan, Khartoum. Methods: One hundred samples were taken, and the study was conducted in several hospitals in Shendi (Shendi teaching hospital, Almak Nimer hospital, and many laboratories in Shendi). This study examined different types of malaria parasite among the population of Shendi, taking into account the age, gender, residence. A rapid immunochromatographic test and blood film were used to diagnose the incidence of Plasmodium falciparum compared to the other types of Plasmodium. Results: On blood film test, 98% of already diagnosed cases of malaria by microscope were positive, and only 2% were negative; furthermore, 96 % of malaria cases were caused by P. falciparum, and only 2 % were caused by Plasmodium vivax. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the incidence of malaria was high in the study area. More than two-thirds of patients diagnosed with malaria in Shendi in 2019-2020 were young aged 15-30 years, and more than half of the cases were female. Blood film examination is the gold standard for malaria diagnosis. P. falciparum was responsible for 96% of cases, and the other species were much less common.
The Effect of Tylosin Drug on Cryptosporidiosis in Stray Dogs of Tabriz and Its Importance in Public Health
Authors: Nabi Saghar , Haji Seyed Javadi Amir Ali , Vahid Balan Mahdi , Bahavarnia Seyed Razi
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Intestinal protozoa of dogs have a relatively high diversity, and the prevalence of infection is often observed sub-clinically and sometimes clinically. Different species of Cryptosporidium are observed in the dog’s intestines. Due to the importance of pathogenicity of gastrointestinal protozoan parasites in dogs and also their zoonotic importance, this study was conducted on stray dogs in Tabriz. Methods: During this study, two hundred stool samples of stray dogs from different regions of Tabriz were prepared and examined microscopically for parasitology. The samples were tested by the Formalin-Ether concentration method, and also the following Ziehl-Neelsen modified staining method was used to observe Cryptosporidium protozoan. Results: Out of 200 fecal samples, 16 samples (8%) were infected with Cryptosporidium protozoa. Statistical analysis of the results also showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the rate of infection with protozoan parasites between dogs under one year old and dogs over one year old (P<0.05). Regarding the sex of dogs, there was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of Cryptosporidium between male and female dogs (P<0.05). Sixteen dogs infected with Cryptosporidium parasite were also treated with tylosin for one week, and a decrease in infection with this parasite was observed in 9 treated dogs. Conclusion: In this study, the rate of Cryptosporidium infection in stray dogs decreased from 8% to 3.5% after tylosin treatment, and this drug may be useful in controlling this parasitic disease in dogs, but more extensive research should be carried out to eradicate this parasite in dogs.
A Case Report of Taenia saginata Infection in a 23-Year-Old Man Living in Parsabad Moghan Area in Ardabil Province, Iran
Authors: Garedaghi Yagoob
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Taenia saginata is one of the species of cestodes infecting humans. Humans become infected with this parasite by eating raw or undercooked beef. Infection is more prevalent in areas where cattle breeding is common and beef is eaten raw or undercooked. There are no exact statistics on the prevalence of this infection in Iran. However, based on fecal testing, it seems that its prevalence in the north of the country is high. The aim of this study was to report a case of T. Saginata infection in a 23-year-old man living in Parsabad Moghan area in Ardabil province, Iran. Case Report: A fecal sample was obtained from a patient referred to a medical center with relatively severe abdominal pain, weakness, paleness, and nervousness. Moving white proglottids of T. saginata were seen upon opening the container containing the patient’s stool sample. The slide was prepared by the wet mount method, and T. saginata eggs were seen in the patient’s fecal sample. Conclusion: Considering the lack of history of pork consumption in the patient and the number of uterine branches in the isolated proglottids, the diagnosis of T. saginata was confirmed. After diagnosis, the patient was referred for treatment. Although the prevalence of T. saginata in our country’s medical centers is usually low, the report of this case of T. saginata in Ardabil province shows that in some parts of the country there is still infection with Taenia saginata. For this reason, it seems that with more accuracy in reporting and diagnosing this infection, it is possible to determine the prevalence of infection with this parasite in any region of the country. Therefore, by informing people about the risks of consuming raw or undercooked beef, this infection can be eradicated from the country.
Final triage methods to decide on home-isolation versus hospitalization in COVID-19 pandemic: a challenge for clinicians
Authors: Miladinia Mojtaba , Abolnezhadian Farhad , Voss Joachim G. , Zarea Kourosh , Hatamzadeh Naser , Ghanavati Mandana
Published: August 2022

Objective: Final patient triage determines which patients can be home-isolated and which patients require hospitalization on the basis to predict the patient’s prognosis most accurately. Final triage is an important link in the clinical management chain of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and a comprehensive review of various patient triage methods is very important to guide decision making and triage efficiency. Decision by clinicians about hospitalization or home-discharge is one of the main challenges in places with limited hospital facilities compared to the high volume of COVID-19 patients. This review was designed to guide clinicians on how to address this challenge. Methods: In this mini review we searched scientific databases to obtain the final triage methods of COVID-19 patients and the important criteria in each method. In order to conducted searches a period from December 2019 to July 2020 was considered. All searches were done in electronic databases and search engines. Results: Findings revealed four current methods for final triage (decision-making regarding home-isolation or hospitalization of COVID-19 patients). These methods included 1) demographic and background information, 2) clinical information, 3) laboratory indicators and 4) initial chest CT-scan. Each of the aforementioned methods encompassed significant criteria according to which decisions on the patient’s prognosis and final triage were made. Finally, by evaluating each final triage method, we found that each method had some limitations. Conclusion: An effective and quick final triage requires simultaneous complementary use of all four methods to compensate for each other’s weaknesses and add to each other’s strengths. It is therefore suggested to assure that clinicians are trained in all four COVID-19 patient’s triage methods and their useful criteria in order to achieve evidence-based performance for better triage (decision between home-isolation versus hospitalization).
Pulmonary necrosis and bronchopleural fistula in a patient infected with COVID-19: A case report
Authors: Eshraghi Mohsen , Noori Enayatollah , Kachoie Ahmad , Zolmafakher Moien
Published: August 2022

Objective: Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a pathological communication between the bronchial tree and pleural space. BPFs are commonly seen after lung surgery, and are less common in trauma, lung abscess, and radiation therapy. In this study, we describe the clinical course and surgery of a case of pulmonary necrosis and BPF in a patient infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Case Presentation: The patient was a 54-year-old man with multiple myeloma and end-stage renal disease from the last 8 years. He had a history of coronary artery bypass grafting from the last 3 years. He also suffered from progressive shortness of breath and dry cough since March 2019. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that BPF is one of the most severe complications after thorax surgery, and there is no effective prevention method particularly in this patient who had COVID-19 pneumonia. Therefore, early intervention, especially when diagnosed at an early stage, by strengthening the stump inside the thorax or thoracotomy in the open window may eventually accelerate the closure of the BPF and improve the survival.
Utility of type and screen policy for pretransfusion compatibility testing at an urban level Ι apex trauma center
Authors: Chaurasia Rahul , Akhtar Naveen , Arulselvi Subramanian , Arya Vedanand , Karjee Sulekha
Published: August 2022

Objective: Type and crossmatch (TC) policy is the most common approach for pre-transfusion compatibility testing prior to issue of blood for transfusion. As it involves reserving of the blood units (usually up to 72 hours) prior to issue or un-reserving, it can lead to excessive blood cross matching, inventory management problems, undue workload, blood outdating and reagent wastage. Type and screen (TS) policy is an alternative approach without the need to cross match and reserve blood units prior to issue. The aim of the current study was to retrospectively assess the impact of the implementation of TS policy for pre-transfusion compatibility testing on blood transfusion services at an urban level Ι trauma center. Methods: The study was done in two phases in the Department of Transfusion Medicine at Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center AIIMS, New Delhi, India. Transfusion data was collected and compared during two phases: initial phase (Oct 2016-Mar 2017) of TC policy and second phase (Apr 2017-Sept 2017) of TS policy. Results: TS policy resulted in the reduction of C:T ratio from 5.3 to 1.9. Transfusion probability increased to 29.5% during TS policy from 23.6% during TC policy. Issuable stock index (ISI) also showed reduction from 12.5 to 11.4 after TS policy. Wastage as percentage of issue (WAPI) was reduced from 2.3% (TC) to 1.3% (TS). TS policy also led to reduction in expenses incurred on pre-transfusion compatibility testing by 35%. No hemolytic transfusion reaction was reported during the study. Conclusion: TS policy was found to be a safe and an efficient alternative approach to TC policy for pre-transfusion compatibility at our center. We recommend the implementation of TS policy, but each center should first assess its feasibility based on patient population, blood bank resources and staff knowledge.
Challenges of prehospital emergency staff in the COVID-19 pandemic: A phenomenological research
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad , Abdollahimohammad Abdolghani , Firouzkouhi Mohammadreza , Shivanpour Maryam
Published: August 2022

Objective: Pre-hospital emergency staff are involved in the front line of care for COVID-19 patients and face many challenges. The aim of this study was to explore the challenges of prehospital emergency staff in the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This qualitative research was conducted with a descriptive phenomenological approach. Purposeful sampling was applied and data collection was done through semi-structured interviews. Participants consisted of 16 pre-hospital emergency staff. Data analysis was performed using the Colaizzi approach. Results: Data analysis revealed five main themes including safety against COVID-19, knowledge deficit, fear and worry, challenges of transporting patients to the hospital, and selflessness. Conclusion: Pre-hospital emergency staff face many problems in personal, professional, equipment and cultural fields in the COVID-19 epidemic. In this regard, special attention from health systems is mandatory.
Clubfoot management during COVID-19 times: An Indian scenario
Authors: Singhal Akash , Kapoor Anil
Published: August 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been universal and swift in its spread. As orthopaedic surgeons, for the most of us this timeframe has reduced our activity to emergency and trauma cases only, with virtual outpatient clinics and no elective surgeries. With some of the common deformity problems including clubfoot etc, which comprises a large number of children in the developing world, the management has been deferred, without any regional and national guidelines being framed. Updated guidelines relating to the management of clubfoot patients, in which parents can safely consult with the orthopaedic surgeon and physical rehabilitation specialists will allow them to cope with this unprecedented situation. We revisit the current scenario and the possible management protocol in the context of COVID-19 pandemic.
Case report of unusual presentation of COVID-19 in a patient with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Moazenzadeh Mansoor , Aliramezany Maryam
Published: August 2022

Objective: COVID-19 has now become a worldwide health problem with many new cases diagnosed every day. people with underlying heart diseases are more likely to get infected and have poor prognosis. Of them, adult patients with congenital heart disease need special attention due to their different symptoms and course of the disease. Case Presentation: Here, we report the unusual presentation and course of COVID-19 disease with rapid progression of right ventricle failure and pulmonary hypertension in patient who was infected with new SARS-CoV-2 virus. She is a 39-year-old woman, known case of ventricular septal defect and pulmonary hypertension with a history of open-heart surgery at the age of seven that arrived to our clinic due to exacerbation of dyspnea; progressive lower extremity edema and mild ascites from 10-days ago. Conclusion: Any changes in the condition of adult patients with congenital heart disease in this epidemic should be considered as a potential infection by this virus and the necessary and accurate evaluation should be done.
Renal infarction mimicking cholecystitis: a case report of a patient presenting with stroke
Authors: Sheikh Sadaf , Javed Umair
Published: August 2022

Objective: Renal infarction which is a rare phenomenon can be missed on the patient’s work up making its incidence low. Case Presentation: We report a 68-year-old lady with known history of hypertension presented with epigastric pain and vomiting for 4 days. During her stay in the emergency room, she developed sudden onset of left-sided weakness. Electrocardiogram was normal sinus rhythm. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed acute pancreatitis with partial impingement of superior mesenteric vein. Conclusion: Imaging s showed cholelithiasis without evidence of cholecystitis and lower pole right renal infarct likely secondary to obstruction of the right lower renal artery due to calcified plaques at their origin from the aorta. Subsequently, the patient was kept on antiplatelets and planned for discharge uneventfully.