bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the performance gap: a machine learning approach on residential buildings in Turin, Italy
Authors: Boghetti Roberto , Fantozzi Fabio , Kämpf Jérôme H , Salvadori Giacomo
Published: November 2019

Buildings account for the highest share of primary energy usage and greenhouse gas emission in the E.U. and U.S. [1], and most of this energy is used for space and water heating. Being able to gain a broader understanding of the gap between predicted and in situ measured thermal performance of buildings may, in a lot of cases, help reducing the energy consumption and, therefore, alleviating our pressure on the environment [2]. The aim of this research is to further investigate this performance gap and to evaluate the possibility of using machine learning algorithms to effectively predict the energy demand of buildings. For this purpose, a group of residential buildings in the city of Turin, Italy, is taken as case study: an estimation of their yearly heating demand is made using different machine learning algorithms, and their results are evaluated and discussed. The research showed that the use of machine learning resulted in a performance gap in line, if not lower, with the current literature. The reasons for this outcome, as well as possible future research directions are finally discussed.
Cloud, wireless technology, internet of things: the next generation of building automation systems?
Authors: Bode Gerrit , Baranski Marc , Schraven Markus , Kümpel Alexander , Storek Thomas , Nürenberg Markus , Müller Dirk , Rothe Andreas , Ziegeldorf Jan Henrik , Fütterer Johannes , Scheuffele Bernd
Published: November 2019

Building automation and control systems (BAS) have become a common part of non-residential buildings in the past decades. However, many automation systems rely on severely outdated technology that render it challenging, if not impossible, to implement recently developed, advanced building control approaches. By contrast, recent developments in cloud computing and wireless technology could support solutions to these challenges. However, many stakeholders require a suitable methodology to determine the potentials and the requirements of future, possibly next generation BAS. In this paper, we thus present and apply a method to answer the open questions and define minimum requirements. For that end, we investigate available communication technologies, protocols, and interfaces. Moreover, we present a simple test bench layout that could serve as a blueprint for future, more comprehensive test benches. It is a model a ventilation circuit consisting of a CO2 sensor for the supply air and an electronic damper. We turned these conventional components with analogue interfaces into IoT devices using a previously developed WiFi gateway. An exemplary test is the control of the CO2 concentration using a feedback controller implemented on an external machine. We aim to extend our initial prototype to a real-life building demonstration for dynamically scalable automation systems using wireless communication and develop our set-up into a platform enabling arbitrarily complex automation strategies and artificial intelligence applications.
A novel design framework for solar thermal/electrical activation of building envelopes
Authors: Walker Linus , Chevrier Alice , Hischier Illias , Schlueter Arno
Published: November 2019

Building integrated solar materials have a great potential for direct and indirect carbon emission reductions of the built environment. The main perceived barriers for wide-spread building integration of solar energy are economic feasibility, lack of available materials and lack of knowledge about the integration process. In the past, economical aspects and product diversity have been addressed by joint research and industry efforts, resulting in a growing number of products and decreasing costs. To further support knowledge transfer and foster the design with solar materials in the built environment, we present an early design stage framework for thermal and electrical activation of building envelopes with solar materials. The goal of the framework is to provide fast feedback of energy performance values and visualizations to study the interactions of building geometry, building systems and aesthetic design choices. Design choices include cover technologies with different colors, photovoltaic cell types and thermal absorber types as well as heating system choices. The calculations are based on physical and semi-empirical equations. Typical values have been implemented to make the framework accessible to non-experts. Results are compared with experimental data from literature and the impact of design choices is demonstrated by a case study where different combinations and different cover types were investigated.
Improving self-consumption of on-site PV generation through deploying flexibility in building thermal mass
Authors: Wang Yu , Mauree Dasaraden , Wennersten Ronald , Scartezzini Jean-Louis , Sun Qie
Published: November 2019

As PV is considered prospective for decarbonizing the building sector, the self-consumption of on-site PV generation, which is susceptible to the temporal mismatch between solar radiation and energy demand, greatly affects the overall performance of improving building autonomy. As an important way to lessen the dependence of the decentralized PV energy system on the grid, internal flexibility from buildings is receiving increasing attention. This research sought to contribute to our understanding of the flexibility potential of Building Thermal Mass (BTM). In this aim, the load-shifting potential of BTM and the impacts on the self-consumption of rooftop PV generation were evaluated in a single-family residential building. To ensure a satisfying accuracy, this research proposed a novel framework that integrates multi-agent system and resistance-capacitance modelling techniques. The proposed methods represent the thermal network by means of circuit analogy and perform indoor thermal control based on stochastic occupant behaviours and appliance usage. The proposed BTM modelling framework is of great potential in flexibility estimation of BTM and could be used to assist the demand-side management.
Cost reduction of solar thermal plants by advanced thermal-hydraulic design methods
Authors: Eismann Ralph
Published: November 2019

Software programs for thermodynamic systems modelling and simulation, e.g. Polysun®, are well established and widely used. By comparison, there are few tools available for the dimensioning of pipe networks, pumps and expansion vessels. Furthermore, it has not been possible to prove operational safety numerically. This gap is closed by the software tools HYDRA and THD which are introduced in this article. HYDRA is used to design the pipe network of large thermal solar plants. THD allows the dimensioning of solar plants up to approximately 100 m2 collector area, including proof of venting capabilities and proof of stagnation safety.
Retrofitting, district heating and energy storage: neighborhood energy planning
Authors: Gunten Diane von , Rager Jakob , Kämpf Jérôme , Kuchler Fabien , Poumadère Fabien
Published: November 2019

We compare simulated energy retrofitting of individual buildings with energy refurbishments optimized at the scale of the neighborhood. For the neighborhood case, buildings can also be connected together through a heat network. We use a detailed three-dimensional model to estimate heating needs (CitySim) and a mixed-integer linear optimizer to analyze different options for energy refurbishment, including various heating technologies. According to our simulations, planning at the neighborhood scale results in slightly lower costs (about -5%) and lower C02 emissions (about -60%) than planning energy refurbishment at the building scale, showing that integrated planning of energy refurbishment is beneficial from both environmental and economical points of view.
Optimization of low-temperature networks by new hydraulic concepts
Authors: Sommer Tobias , Sotnikov Artem , Sandmeier Ernst , Stettler Christoph , Mennel Stefan , Sulzer Matthias
Published: November 2019

Low-temperature thermal networks enable simultaneous heating and cooling of buildings and reduce CO2 emissions by substituting fossil fuels by environmental heat sources. In this work, we compare two different network topologies, the traditional low-temperature network (TLTN) and the new reservoir low-temperature network (RLTN). We show that the volume flow in the RLTN can be adjusted to increase the efficiency of heat pumps and to reduce hydraulic power losses in the supply lines without compromising heat demands.
Thermal stability and heat transfer in the reservoir low-temperature network
Authors: Sotnikov A , Sandmeier E , Sulzer M , Sergi T , Mennel S , Sommer T
Published: November 2019

We investigate two properties of a new low-temperature network topology, the reservoir low-temperature network. We show (i) that the maximum heat transfer rate between the load loop and the main mesh occurs when the volume flow in the load loop equals the volume flow in the main mesh and (ii) that temperature fluctuations in the main mesh are dampened when the volume flow in the load loop exceeds the volume flow in the main mesh. The maximum possible damping depends only on the volume flow through the main mesh and the water volume contained in the load loop.
Guidelines for business model innovation on the example of PV self-consumption optimization
Authors: Rohrbach Beni , Papaefthymiou Maria-Eleni , Schneider Achim , Imboden Christoph
Published: November 2019

The market for energy management systems that optimize the degree of self-consumption of locally produced renewable energy is still immature. This is evidenced by the large variety of existing offerings and the many newcomers entering the market. Hence, business models are still adapting. Based on a broad literature review and extensive market observations, we developed an abductive categorization system for value propositions, revenue models customer groups and invoicing models. This study then analyzed more than 80 offerings focused on the optimization of self-consumption of photovoltaic power. Based on these observations and the market context, this study recommends offerings connected to a recurring payment system to be combined with a licensing and/or renting/leasing revenue model and to highlight a strong social, ethical/normative and emotional value proposition.
Linking business model innovation with energy system optimization
Authors: Rohrbach Beni , Euw Livio von , Bollinger Andrew , Pacheco Carlos , Perera A.T.D.
Published: November 2019

There are dedicated computational models and platforms to facilitate the design and planning of multi-energy-systems. However, the widespread adoption of new technological solutions largely depends on the right business models. Whilst there exists a list of possible business opportunities emerging with a multi-energy-system, there is lacking guidance on how to match their design with business models. A close fit could possibly increase the speed of implementation of a new energy solution. This study describes and tests a methodology to evaluate and improve the match between business models of selected companies and planned multi-energy-systems. A total of six districts with planned energy systems as well as six companies were assessed for their matching potential. Then, mutual adaptation between the business model and the further energy system optimization was tested as a way to improve the match.
An alternative approach to monitor occupancy using bluetooth low energy technology in an office environment
Authors: Tekler Zeynep Duygu , Low Raymond , Blessing Lucienne
Published: November 2019

In this study, we proposed a non-intrusive occupancy monitoring approach which leverages on existing BLE technologies found in smartphone devices to track the occupants’ movement patterns using BLE beacons. Unlike existing methods, the proposed approach does not require the installation of a mobile application and only requires the occupants to provide the MAC address of their Bluetooth-enabled smartphone devices. The feasibility of the proposed approach was demonstrated by conducting a two-week data collection effort in a university office environment where the occupancy patterns identified are used to develop various occupancy profiles for different types of occupants.
From plans to programs: A holistic toolchain for building data applications
Authors: Bode Gerrit , Stinner Florian , Baranski Marc , Brümmendorf Erik , Cai Xiaoye , Kümpel Alexander , Schraven Markus , Schreiber Thomas , Stoffel Phillip , Storek Thomas , Müller Dirk
Published: November 2019

The rise of extensive monitoring systems and the availability of low-cost sensors as well as affordable computing power has led to the development of various big data and simulation model applications in the building sector. Nevertheless, many of these promising approaches face a common hindrance for the widespread application. In case of the big data applications, training data is often limited. Much the same, simulation models often lack required input data and require extensive work for calibration. Standard practices are often preferred to innovative approaches because construction and commissioning businesses are highly cost-sensitive. Therefore, we identified the need for a holistic approach for the combined use of machine learning and simulation techniques. In this paper, we present a toolchain to generate models and data needed for the application of innovative building automation and control tools. Using the data available during the construction process, machine-learning algorithms are employed to determine the type and location of data points in devices. From the relations of data points, the system architecture is derived and simulation models are generated automatically. Using these models, the data needed for the training of big data machine-learning algorithms can be generated. We describe the toolchain, already existing components and discuss the possible future implementation.
Room-level occupancy simulation model for private households
Authors: Wolf Sebastian , Calì Davide , Alonso Maria Justo , Li Rongling , Andersen Rune Korsholm , Krogstie John , Madsen Henrik
Published: November 2019

This work presents a novel occupancy simulation model for residential buildings. The main contribution is that occupancy is simulated at room level, as opposed to more course spatial resolutions in previous studies. The model is based on a time-use survey conducted in Denmark including several thousand households. It is formulated as an inhomogeneous hidden Markov model. The simulated occupancy profiles take into account the variables week day, time of day, occupant age and family type. Preliminary results show that they are in good agreement with the measurements.
Decentralized fault detection in building services by means of tensor decomposed qualitative models
Authors: Müller-Eping Thorsten , Réhault Nicolas , Rist Tim
Published: November 2019

Fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) methods are most of the time deployed in buildings as supervisory solutions on a management level or as cloud computing solution. The deployment of Internet of Things devices will enable to embed FDD methods as edge-computing solutions directly on subsystems like heat pumps or air handling units. This paper shows how qualitative models can be used for fault detection in building services and how tensor decomposition methods can enable their integration on decentralized subsystems as edge-computing solution.
An interactive and generative eco-design tool for architects in the sketch phase
Authors: Marsault Xavier , Torres Florent
Published: November 2019

This paper presents the latest version of our software, EcoGen2.1, to the Building Simulation community: a quite advanced prototype for generative eco-design, resulting from a French ANR project, having been the subject of a deposit with legal protection, and recently used to assist the architectural design of an emblematic building in a competition in France. The tool is adapted to the sketch step of the design, when it comes, in a given urban and climatic context, to composing the general forms of a building or a plot of buildings, depending on various criteria that ensure a sufficient level of efficiency in view of bioclimatic and environmental requirements, notably relating to solar energy, thermal consumption and luminous comfort. We have focused on the technical work involved in breaking major difficulties when trying to develop real time and interactive software devoted to generative eco-design in the early stages of an architectural project.
IMPROVE – Enhancing demand-side energy reduction through informative billing strategies
Authors: Bichsel Juerg , Kunz Dominique , Padey Pierryves , Citherlet Stephane , Eicher Sara , Cellina Francesca , Castri Roberta , Tomic Uros , Carabias Vicente
Published: November 2019

In Switzerland, most of the information available on the energy bills corresponds to the minimum legal requirements imposed by national regulations. Such a scarcely understandable information does not motivate consumers to reflect on their level of energy consumption. A more user-friendly information presentation on the energy bill may induce increased awareness, laying the grounds for behaviour changes required to achieve the goals of the Energy Strategy 2050 of the Swiss Federal Council. The aim of the IMPROVE project was to explore how both consumers and energy utilities evaluate and perceive the importance of introducing enriched information on the energy bill to encourage households to reconsider their energy consumption levels.
Occupant-centred temperature reduction in an energy efficient site
Authors: Derungs Curdin , Lobsiger-Kägi Evelyn , Tomic Uros , Marek Reto , Sütterlin Bernadette
Published: November 2019

In this study we focus on the energy saving potential and the user acceptance of indoor air temperature reduction in an energy efficient district, consisting of seven residential buildings. The two major findings in this paper constitute a field of unresolved tension. From a technical point of view, temperature reductions of 1.5 K, to approximately 21.5 °C, allow to save some 25 % of the total heating energy. The human dimension, however, suggests that a reduction of indoor air temperature is associated with only limited acceptance. In future work we will set out to explore how acceptance ratings might evolve over longer timespans.
Adaptive thermal comfort for resilient office buildings
Authors: Trebilcock-Kelly Maureen , Soto-Muñoz Jaime , Marín-Restrepo Laura
Published: November 2019

New challenges for delivering more resilient and less energy-dependent office buildings require a better understanding of thermal comfort in different contexts and opportunities for adaptation. This study aims to determine comfort temperatures in 18 office buildings located in two Chilean cities. The methodology was based on a longitudinal fieldwork during 1 day in winter, spring and summer at each building, collecting data from surveys to the occupants and measurements. The results showed that comfort temperature varied consistently between both contexts and between different seasons, with wider seasonal variation of comfort temperatures in buildings where occupants are allowed to operate windows.
End-user activities context information management framework for sustainable building operation
Authors: Malakhatka Elena , Lundqvist Per
Published: November 2019

The concept of sustainable buildings includes not only technological aspects related to energy efficiency and resources usage optimization, but also aspects related to end-users’ comfort, wellbeing, and everyday needs support. To understand the end-users’ life activities in general and their preferences in particular, is necessary to enrich standard Building Management Systems (BMS) with human-generated and personal data. In this conceptual paper, we present an end-user context information management framework, which includes a reasoning layer, an acquisition layer, and a dissemination layer. The proposed framework is currently implemented in the KTH Live-in-Lab – a fully equipped testbed for research and innovation in the build environment.
A case-study of slums: an informal housing for people below poverty line (BPL) in India
Authors: Kondapi Anushreya , Kumar Tarun , Sait Unais , Bhalla Kriti , Ashok Shanthanu S.
Published: November 2019

In the present scenario, with the growth in the population, one out of every five Indians are ‘below poverty line’ which means that their income is below $1.9 per day. Slums are highly populated residential areas in the urban settlements with low incomes. As a consequence of their low incomes, they are compelled to reside in the slum areas faced with adverse conditions like lack of sanitation, availability of clean drinking water, lack of connectivity, and improper area distribution. The analysis draws on field observations of people living in such areas acquired by conducting interviews and focus group discussions. Further, using a temperature and RH meter, a digital anemometer and a lux meter, the readings of temperature, relative humidity (RH), wind speed, and light intensity were recorded. Also, the street dimensions, distance between roads and houses, dimensions of rooms are measured using laser distance meter. In this paper, the characteristics of the slum areas like the space occupation of each house, street connectivity, kinds of common spaces, distances between two houses, and materials used for construction is analysed. Improper zoning as a product of abrupt planning and narrowly defined goals of development produce a disparity in the occupancy ratio, that is the amount of space utilized by a single person is less than that of the standardized units, which in turn leads to lack of privacy. This study helps to identify spatio-temporal vectors responsible for creation of slums and tries to provide socio-economic policy-level solutions to improve their living standards, thus leading to a sustainable and inclusive society.
Pilot study of ‘Our Energy’, an app designed to facilitate self-consumption of community solar photovoltaic systems
Authors: Griego Danielle , Catunda Natasha , Schmitt Gerhard
Published: November 2019

Distributed energy from photovoltaic (PV) systems are an important part of the 2000-Watt-Society and Swiss Energy Strategy 2050 targets. However, as more PV is added to the grid, it becomes more important to intelligently use on-site electricity generation. There is also a recent focus on communities as they have better load aggregation potential from multiple tenants to increase overall self-consumption. Additional potentials exists when introducing PV systems in communities from social comparisons or competitions. The first critical step is to have an effective communication platform with real-time electricity production and consumption to show resource availability and usage at the individual and community level. We have therefore developed ‘Our Energy’, a custom mobile application (app) to ‘experience’ what it would be like to have direct access to electricity from solar PV in a community setting. It is designed to facilitate demand side response for users to compare their household energy consumption and associated self-consumption from. This study uses a community based social marketing approach to support the app design, development, evaluation and deployment for a specific user group from a small Swiss city. This paper includes the results from a pilot study where the beta version of the app was tested during two weeks in March 2019 with 32 participants. The feedback helped improve the demand side response strategy along with the real-time statistics for participants to monitor self-consumption and electricity savings potential from Solar PV.
Endogenous energy efficiency improvements in large-scale retrofits to Swiss residential building stock
Authors: Arzoyan Sergey
Published: November 2019

In standard analyses of Swiss energy and climate policies, the speed and extent of energy efficiency improvements (EEI) are usually assumed to be unaffected, even by policies designed to foster innovation. This project introduces endogenous EEI and barriers to retrofitting in the housing sector. In order to achieve this, we explain how Swiss building stock has evolved and how retrofitting decisions and heating system improvements may reduce energy consumption. We use a two-step model to illustrate how homeowners take decisions about retrofitting, then we consider several scenarios. Our results showed that in order to achieve deep decarbonisation in the building sector, a number of different economic instruments need to be used simultaneously.
Conversion of unheated basements and the conditioning of their indoor climate
Authors: Hoffmann Caroline , Geissler Achim , Huber Heinrich , Hauri Claudia
Published: November 2019

This paper deals with unheated basements in existing buildings. Due to soaring housing prices these rooms may be increasingly used for the storage of sensitive goods and temporarily for leisure activities. In order to keep these rooms free of mould various technical solutions are available. However, it is unclear whether they prevent mould growth and how high their energy demand is. This question is explored by simulating an unheated basement in an uninsulated, a renovated and a newly built building. Each basement can be operated in four modes: (1) natural ventilation, (2) an extract ventilation, which is activated according to the difference of partial vapour pressure between inside and outside (dampguard), (3) an air dehumidifier and (4) an electrical heating. The simulations with ESP-r are performed for three climates in Switzerland. Results confirm that in new buildings the probability of mould growth is negligible. In the other building types, mould growth can be prevented only with an air dehumidifier or a dampguard. However, only the latter process proves to be energy efficient. When assessing higher temperatures due to climate change in most cases the risk of mould growth remains unchanged and to a lesser extent increases or decreases.
Improving the resilience in urban environment by applied research for the development of a simple equation-based Energy Conservation Building Code for India
Authors: Jaboyedoff Pierre , Maithel Sameer , Bhanware Prashant , Chetia Saswati , Kapoor Vernica Prakash , Rana Satyendra , Lall Ashok B. , Mohan Salil
Published: November 2019

This contribution presents the approach and methodology followed by the Building Energy Efficiency Project (BEEP) [1] to contribute to the improvement of energy efficiency and climate change resilience for multi-story residential buildings in the rapidly growing urban construction in India. As a consequence, the urban resilience will be improved at two levels: 1) the improved thermal comfort in non-air-conditioned apartments will reduce the health-related heat wave impact, 2) the cooling energy demand in air-conditioned apartment will be reduced by 20-40%. The impact of the Energy Conservation Building Code for Residential (ECO Niwas Samhita) was launched in December 2018 by the Indian Government. It has been estimated to reach a cumulative 100 Million tons of CO2 emission reduction by 2030.

The Code was developed with the main objective to reduce heat gains between 20 to 40% through the building envelope by passive measures at no or marginal additional costs of construction.
Color neutral nanocomposite nickel-tantalum oxide for electrochromic windows
Authors: Bouvard Olivia , Schüler Andreas
Published: November 2019

Electrochromic windows can darken on demand to limit the solar gains entering a building to reduce the risk of overheating, while preserving the view towards the exterior. Yet, the switching speed and contrast as well as the durability of commercial products still need to be improved. Novel materials are investigated to address these shortcomings. Since gel or polymer electrolytes limit the durability of electrochromic glazing, all-solid state, inorganic devices are considered. The optical properties of doped nickel oxides were studied in order to obtain a color neutral anodic electrochromic oxide. The addition of tantalum was shown to increase the light transmittance and to provide a coating with better color neutrality compared to nickel vanadium oxides. The study of the crystalline structure by X-ray diffraction suggests that a nickel oxide-tantalum pentoxide nanocomposite is formed. These results are encouraging to use nickel tantalum oxide as an anodic electrochromic oxide.
Complex thought incidence on the transversality of knowledge management on economic and business sciences
Authors: Cárdenas García M , Cañizares Arévalo J de J , Vargas Ortegón R
Published: November 2019

The main purpose of this paper is to unveil the context and conceptions linked to knowledge management, to be internalized by the pedagogical procedures from the Economic and Business sciences programs process at “Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander”. This research was conducted under the qualitative method, supported by the phenomenological - hermeneutic paradigm together whit the complementary method ethnography. As results from the analysis units, it was observed that knowledge management intention recalls in creating organized knowledge networks between plans and programs reflected in the curriculums, so in that way, “open a new path” in new knowledges and theoretical postulates, which after been applied could generate new spaces in function to the actual society requirements, and the daily changes which impact people and social groups in a directly way. As conclusion, in the management of knowledge, institutional and classroom management are combined, which are then supported by the complementarity, without leaving apart the complex though, and this, when articulate with pedagogy makes the didactic more dynamic and proactive.
Different scenarios for the teaching of mathematics with the support of virtual platforms: Flipped classroom
Authors: Prada R , Hernández C A , Gamboa A A
Published: November 2019

This text shows the initial findings of an investigation that sought to implement an alternative model for the teaching of mathematics at a public university in Norte de Santander, Colombia, using virtual platforms to support teaching. The research paradigm focuses on the mixed method to identify the positive elements and aspects to improve of this didactic proposal. Among the findings, it is highlighted that one of the difficulties in implementing this tool refers to the limitations of space in the material attached to the platform, which meant proposing only the links of the material created. Implications for teacher training and suggestions for future implementations are discussed.
Operational performance of agricultural machineries managed by custom hiring (UPJA) in Banyumas district of Central Java province
Authors: Purwantana B , Murtiningrum  , Markumningsih S , Makky M , Anwar A
Published: November 2019

Agricultural mechanization has important role in increasing capacity, efficiency, and effectiveness of agricultural production process. In order to mechanize Indonesian agricultural system, Ministry of Agriculture has facilitated farmers with many agricultural machineries. Farmer institutions that were designated to utilize and manage those agricultural machineries are Agricultural Machinery Custom Hiring (UPJA). In this research, the operational performances of agricultural machineries managed by the UPJA in Banyumas District were studied. The research were done by desk study, focus group discussion, field survey to 7 UPJA, and measuring the performance of machineries utilized by those UPJA. The results showed that all of UPJA were in beginner status. The common owned and operated agricultural machinery was hand tractor, while four wheel tractor, rice transplanter, power weeder, and rice combine harvester were limited. In general the operational performances of the machines were low. The most factors affected the performance were time required for transportation from garage to the field. In case of hand tractor, the time consumed was 9.46 % of total working hour. For four wheel tractor, rice transplanter, and rice combine harvester, the time required for transportation were 4.19%, 8.16%, and 7.18% respectively. The other factors slightly affected the performance were time losses due to machine preparation and machine trouble. It is suggested to facilitate farm road and towing truck to transport the machines, or develop garage not far from field.
Crop water requirement calculations of Longan (Dimorcapus longan L.) in Nawungan Orchard, Selopamioro Village, Imogiri Sub-District, Bantul, D.I. Yogyakarta
Authors: Rahmadi N A , Murtiningrum  , Nugroho B D A , Ngadisih  , Pradipta A G , Tirtalistyani R , Prayoga D A , Maharani A A S E
Published: November 2019

This research was aimed to measure actual evapotranspiration, to determine of water requirement and crop coefficient (Kc) of longan (Dimorcapus longan Lour.) was cultivated in Longan Nawungan orchard, Selopamioro Village, Imogiri Sub-district. Plot scale of water balance was applied to determine ETa, with input components were rainfall and irrigation, while output were ETa, water storage (ΔSM), and surface runoff (SRO). Components of runoff was measured using tank and the moisture content was measured using gravimetry method. Automatic weather station was installed in Nawungan orchard to record rainfall, wind speed, air humidity, and intensity of solar radiation. Later, the climatic data were used to calculate the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) using Penman-Monteith method. Due to agroforestry and mix cropping system, longan trees were cultivated among seasonal crops and other trees, then the dual crop coefficient (Kc) was preffered. During February-Maret 2019, the value of rainfall and surface runoff were 640 mm during observation period and 0,08 mm, respectively. The reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and actual evapotranspiration (ETa) were 5,76 mm/day and 7,90 mm/day, respectively. The crop coefficient of longan in the site study area was 0,30.
Factors Affecting Consumers’ Perception and Willingness To Pay Toward Yogyakarta Local Black Rice
Authors: Putri Y R , Ismoyowati D , Jumeri
Published: November 2019

This study aims to determine the factors that influence consumer perceptions of local black rice in Special Region of Yogyakarta (Yogyakarta) and consumer willingness to pay (WTP). Consumer perceptions and WTP need to be known in order to expand marketing and preserve the sustainability of local black rice in Yogyakarta, and can be input for producers in developing marketing strategies. Data collection used purposive and snowball sampling techniques with questionnaires and interviews with black rice consumers in Yogyakarta, namely Sleman, Bantul, and Gunungkidul Regency. The method used was descriptive analysis, factor analysis, and Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). The results showed that the majority of black rice consumers in this research were women (64%) with ages between 18-27 years. The factors that influenced consumer perceptions of black rice were quality attribute factor with an eigenvalue value of 9,365, purchasing location factor (2,980), socialization of the benefits of black rice to consumers factor (1,885), product superiority compared to white rice factor (1,502), price according to benefits factor (1,103), and packaging factor (1,065). The average price of black rice is 264% of the white rice price.
How respiratory gas diffusivity correlates with porosity of plant organ tissues
Authors: Nugraha B , Verboven P , Janssen S , Nicolaï B
Published: November 2019

Gas diffusion in bulky plant organs is relevant for understanding the respiratory metabolism. Limited tissue diffusivity due to low porosity may create gas concentration gradients leading to hypoxia. As porosity is known to be different between and within different tissues, oxygen (O2) diffusivity cannot be regarded as a homogeneous gas transport parameter of plant organs. This study aims to study the relationship between O2 diffusivity and porosity for tree different horticultural products: eggplant, apple, and turnip, which have shown variability in tissue microstructure. Based on X-ray CT images, porosity maps of the whole fruit and vegetable have been previously created. O2 diffusivity was computed using a microscale model solved on the corresponding 3-D tissue microstructure of different samples across the product, derived from high resolution X-ray CT scan. The correlation between O2 diffusivity and porosity was determined along the radial tissue sample, as affected by region of interest (ROI) size. The correlation was strong in eggplant tissue (R2 = 0.95), compared to the other products. Distinct distribution of the O2 diffusivity to the porosity was influenced by the physical characteristic of tissue intercellular space. The reduced ROI size changed the O2 diffusivity-porosity relationship, caused by the change in physical structure of the tissue. In conclusion, the tissue diffusivity did not linearly link to the porosity, other microstructural parameters and the size of the considered tissue sample affected the correlation
Effect of ultrafine bubbles water on seed germination
Authors: Purwanto YA , Maulana NN , Sobir  , Sulassih  , Naibaho N
Published: November 2019

Ultrafine Bubbles (UFBs) technology is a new and emerging science, capable of infusing UFB in liquids for long periods of time. UFBs is extremely small gas bubbles in liquid with diameter less than 10−6 m. This paper discussed the application of ultrafine bubbles water for seed germination. Seed germination is the process from seed to a sprout in which the metabolic process of a plant gets activated after a period of dormancy. A high seed germination percentage is important for vegetable production. Comparison experiments of seed germination rate were performed using distilled water and water containing ultrafine bubbles. This experiment utilized the dissolved oxygen concentrations of distilled water with approximately 10 and 20ppm. The result indicates that the application of ultrafine bubbles water had a positive effect on the germination rate of seeds.
Waterflow in the Paddy Field Installed with Sheetpipe Mole Drains
Authors: Setiawan BI , Saptomo SK , Arif C , Sulaiman AA , Herodian S , Matsuda H , Tamura K , Inoue Y
Published: November 2019

Sheet-pipe is a sort of perforated mole drain placed horizontally between 30–50 cm below the land surface commonly having a water-logged problem. The sheet-pipe can be installed with a heavy machine mole drainer. The primary purpose of installing sheet-pipe is to maintain or control the expected water table in farmlands. Sheet-pipe having a diameter of 5 mm has been installed at a depth of 40 cm with a drain spacing of 4 m and length of 100 m covering a paddy field of 1 hectare located in Sukamandi District, Subang Regency, West Java, Indonesia. Field investigation and numerical studies were undertaken to figure out water head profiles surrounding the sheet-pipe. The paddy field installed with sheet-pipe can be drained faster (2 times), and in consequence, its water level can be managed easier. Right after an effective rainfall event (34 mm), the rainwater immediately infiltrates downward resulting in a parabolic curve of infiltration rate (maximum rate 0.94 cm/h) which differs with a standard infiltration curve (steady state 0.121 cm/h). Water level profile is horizontally flat except at the points closer to the sheet-pipe, which is showing the presence of outward gradients of the water head. The electrical conductivity was low (0.33 Ms/cm) due to the leaching effect.
Premix Flour for Preparation of Empek-Empek Based on Surimi Technology
Authors: Tawali AB , Manggabarani S , Ramli AR , Sirajuddin S , Made S , Mahendradatta M
Published: November 2019

Empek-empek is one of signatured food from Indonesia which made from fish paste, tapioca starch, and other additional ingredients. The objective of this present work was to develop premix flour for making empek-empek using mackerel surimi and to evaluate their chemical characteristic and sensory attributes of the product. The mackerel fish was made into surimi, powdered, then mixed with tapioca starch and other additional ingredients. The following aspect were characterized including moisture, fat, protein, ash, carbohydrate content, and sensory acceptability of the premix product. The results showed that mackerel surimi flour at level of 66,67% is the recommended formula. The empek-empek which made from this premix flour presented hedonic score “like” for color and “like moderately” for aroma, texture and flavor. In conclusion, our premix can be used for preparing empek-empek with less complicated process and the product did not have any negative results on sensory acceptability.
Analysis of domestic and smallholder farm water demand in Kaajhu Village Baitussalam Sub-district Aceh Besar District
Authors: Ramli I , Jayanti DS , Hidayat A
Published: November 2019

The pipeline system of clean water providers is a very important part because it functions to deliver clean water to every home so that water can flow continuously and meet the needs of the community. This research was to analyze the domestic and smallholder farm water demand in Village Kajhu Baitussalam Sub-district, Aceh Besar District using EPANET 2.0. Pipeline network information obtained from PDAM Tirta Mountala. The data obtained are water supply, water demand, flow, velocity, pipe diameter, pipe length, pipe type and pipe elevation. The results of the EPANET 2.0 analysis were interpreted in the form of pipeline network maps. The maps shows the water flow received by pipelines, pressure, pressure loss and velocity. Based on research, water needs for smallholder farm has been sufficient. Water required for smallholder farm is 658 m3 a day while average debit through irrigation channel is 135.648 m3 a day. Domestic water requirement of 0,499 dm3/sec, while the average discharge based on the simulation result is 0,422 dm3/sec. Water Distribution to the research location is still not functioning optimally because there are several criteria of pipeline network that has not been fulfilled such as the water debit in the channel is not sufficient, here is a pipe with speed less than 0.6 m / s, node with low pressure pipe length, pipe diameters and the distribution is still uneven.
Water productivity analysis in irrigated central rice production area of SolokRegency, Indonesia
Authors: Anika N , Farhani AC , Fil’aini R , Cahyani D
Published: November 2019

To feed the increasing world population, the demand for food and consequently irrigation water is predicted to increase in the future. However, the amount of water available for agriculture is increasingly becoming uncertain in the face of global climate change. Therefore, improvement in water productivity is necessary for sustainable production of crops such as rice. Water productivity varies across regions and across fields within a region, and is dependent on several factors such as crop patterns, climate patterns, irrigation technology and field water management, land and infrastructure, and other inputs, including labor, fertilizer, and machinery. The objective of this study was to estimate water supply and demand in Sumani watershed, a primary rice-producing region, to analyze water productivity for sustainable rice production. Approximately 30% of the area in Sumaniis paddy fields, which depend on the availability of water resources. In this area. Approximately 67% of the rice fields are cultivated three times a year. In general, the planting schedule of rice is divided into three periods: main planting season (wet season), Gadu planting season (planting in the end of wet season and harvesting in the dry season), and dry planting season. Although the planting schedules are not uniform, we assumed these as uniform, to simplify the analysis, by using majority cropping schedule in the study site. To ensure water availability in the dry season, four types of irrigation systems were used: technical irrigation (TI), semi-technical irrigation (STI), simple irrigation (SI), and non-government irrigation (NGI). The results showed thatdepending on the planting season and irrigation system, water productivity varied from 0.33 kg/m3 in the Gadu season in areas irrigated by the SI and NGI systems to 0.73 kg/m3 in the wet season in area irrigated by the TI system. The average water productivity in the study area was 0.53kg/m3. Water productivity in this study area was lower than the average water productivity in other rice production areas in Java and Bali.
Mineral contents in fermented bean shells of Forastero-cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) clones
Authors: Assa A , Asriati D W , Indriana D , Sampebarra A L
Published: November 2019

The cocoa bean shell (CBS) is a valuable by-product obtained from the chocolate industry. It is rich in protein, minerals, ash and some valuable bioactive compounds. One of the post-harvest processes affecting the mineral contents in CBS is fermentation. The purpose of this study is to determine the mineral contents in CBS of Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2, and MCC 02 clones for 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h of fermentation. Method analysis was used Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Research will be conducted at the Laboratory of Chemical and Microbiology Testing, Center for Plantation Based Industry. The results showed that types of clones, fermentation time, and their interaction affect mineral contents in CBS. The highest mineral contents of CBS were Ca in Sulawesi 2 clone (48 h), Mg (96 h) and Na (48 h) in Sulawesi 1 clone, while K (24 h) and Zn (120 h) in MCC 02 clone. Total mineral contents of CBS were significantly affected by fermentation and types of clones.
Scientific, technological, economic and environmental role of coal and carbonate mineral resources in the strategic development of the fuel, energy and chemical complexes of Russia and the Far East
Authors: Zhukov A V , Agoshkov A I
Published: November 2019

When implementing the organizational and technological model of innovative production, the following combined areas of mineral processing and new products are planned at the first stage: 1) processing of carbone-carbonate mineral raw materials: calcium carbide, carbon dioxide (in gaseous, liquid or solid state); 2) acetylene, plant growth regulators (REGGROST), plant protection products (TAKAR). Products of fuel and non-fuel purposes at the second stage: 1. synthetic ethyl alcohol (ethanol), antifreeze, ethylene glycol, dichloroethane, synthetic drying oils, acetone, etc.; 2. carbamide (urea), ammonia, nitrogen in the gaseous and liquid state, methanol, gasoline, etc.