bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Fluoride Dentifrices for Children: Evaluation of General and Pediatric Dentists' Recommendations
Authors: Liévana Fernanda Souza , Moreno Ana Paula Dias , Vilela Marina Moscardini , Ferreira José Tarcísio Lima , Saraiva Maria da Conceição Pereira , Rossi Andiara De
Published: October 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the recommendations of General Dentists (GD) and Pediatric Dentists (PD) on the use of fluoride dentifrice by children are in agreement with the recommendations given in dental association guidelines. Methods: A questionnaire with 11 questions was applied to GD and PD. Questions were about professional performance, as well as type and amount of dentifrices recommended according to the child's age. The way information was conveyed to patients and caregivers was also evaluated. The analysis of the associations between responses and professional training were performed using the Chi-square or Fisher's Exact tests. Results: 354 professionals filled out the questionnaire. The final response rates were 68% for GD and 85% for PD. GD had more recommendations that differ from those found in the guidelines than PD. Conclusion: There is still divergence between the guidelines recommended by dental associations with those of GD and PD. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct educational campaigns for all professionals in the oral health area.
Profiling Non-Coding RNA Levels With Clinical Classifiers in Pediatric Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Pelia Ranjit S. , Venkateswaran Suresh , Matthews Jason D. , Haberman Yael , Cutler David J. , Hyams Jeffrey S. , Denson Lee A. , Kugathasan Subra
Published: October 2020

Background: Crohn’s disease (CD) is a heritable chronic inflammatory disorder. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play an important role in epigenetic regulation by affecting gene expression, but can also directly affect protein function, thus having a substantial impact on biological processes. We investigated whether non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) at diagnosis are dysregulated during CD at different CD locations and future disease behaviors to determine if ncRNA signatures can serve as an index to outcomes. Methods: Using subjects belonging to the RISK cohort, we analyzed ncRNA from the ileal biopsies of 345 CD and 71 non-IBD controls, and ncRNA from rectal biopsies of 329 CD and 61 non-IBD controls. Sequence alignment was done (STAR package) using Human Genome version 38 (hg38) as reference panel. The differential expression (DE) analysis was performed with EdgeR package and DE ncRNAs were identified with a threshold of fold change (FC) >2 and FDR < 0.05 after multiple test corrections. Results: In total, we identified 130 CD specific DE ncRNAs (89 in ileum and 41 in rectum) when compared to non-IBD controls. Similarly, 35 DE ncRNAs were identified between B1 and B2 in ileum, whereas no differences among CD disease behaviors were noticed in rectum. We also found inflammation specific ncRNAs between inflamed and non-inflamed groups in ileal biopsies. Overall, we observed that expression of mir1244-2, mir1244-3, mir1244-4, and RN7SL2 were increased during CD, regardless of disease behavior, location, or inflammatory status. Lastly, we tested ncRNA expression at baseline as potential tool to predict the disease status, disease behaviors and disease inflammation at 3-year follow up.Conclusions: We have identified ncRNAs that are specific to disease location, disease behavior, and disease inflammation in CD. Both ileal and rectal specific ncRNA are changing over the course of CD, specifically during the disease progression in the intestinal mucosa. Collectively, our findings show changes in ncRNA during CD and may have a clinical utility in early identification and characterization of disease progression.
Downregulation of circ-YES1 Suppresses NSCLC Migration and Proliferation Through The miR-142-3p–HMGB1 Axis
Authors: Chi Yongbin , Wang Yan , Zhou Dawei , Liu Wanchao , Han Ruodong , Jin Mingming
Published: October 2020

Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new family of abundant regulatory RNAs with roles in various types of cancer. While the hsa_circ_0046701 (circ-YES1) function in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unclear. Methods: Circ-YES1 expression in normal pulmonary epithelial and NSCLC cells was examined. The small interfering RNA for circ-YES1 was prepared, cell proliferation and migration were assessed. Tumorigenesis in nude mice was assayed to validate the role of circ-YES1. Bioinformatics analyses and luciferase reporter assays were utilized to identify downstream targets of circ-YES1. Results: Compared to normal pulmonary epithelial cells, the circ-YES1 expression increased in NSCLC cells, and cell proliferation and migration were suppressed after circ-YES1 knockdown. Both high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) and miR-142-3p were found to be downstream targets of circ-YES1, and miR-142-3p inhibition and HMGB1 overexpression reversed the effects of circ-YES1 knockdown on cell proliferation and migration. Similarly, HMGB1 overexpression reversed the miR-142-3p overexpression effects on these two processes. The imaging experiment results revealed that circ-YES1 knockdown impeded tumor development and metastasis in a nude mouse xenograft model. Conclusion: Taken together, our results show that circ-YES1 promotes tumor development through the miR-142-3p–HMGB1 axis and support the development of circ-YES1 as a new therapeutic NSCLC target.
The Value of The Accessory Pathway Potential in Guiding The Electrode Selection for Ablation Within Coronary Sinus
Authors: Sun XiaoLin , Jiang Jiang , Xu Pei , Jin Kai , Bao ZhengYu
Published: October 2020

Background: The ablation of the coronary sinus (CS) is becoming more and more important in accessory pathway-related supraventricular tachycardia ablation. In comparison with temperature-controlled catheters (TCC), irrigated-tip catheter (ITC) are more expensive and cause more damage in accessory pathway-related supraventricular tachycardia ablation. We intended to develop a new method for the reasonable selection of electrode for coronary sinus(CS) ablation via assessing the relationship between the accessory pathway (AP) potential and time of successful ablation. Methods：Among the patients who had detected the bypass potential during radiofrequency ablation between 1/1/2015 and 12/31/2019. TCC was performed in 330 patients receiving endocardial ablation. 30 patients underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) in CS. The relationship between AP potential and time of successful ablation was analyzed. Results：330 cases of TCC ablation within the endocardium revealed that the amplitude of AP potential was significantly and negatively correlated with the time of successful ablation (r = -0.79, p < 0.001). In CS ablation, the median baseline amplitude of the AP potentials in patients with successful TCC ablation was higher than that in patients with ITC following TCC ablation failure (p = 0.02). The optimal cutoff value of the amplitude of the AP potential to guide the selection of a catheter for ablation was 1.07 mV, and the sensitivity and specificity were 80% and 90%, respectively. Conclusion：The AP potential is helpful for the electrode selection in CS ablation.
Prevalence of Scabies and Its Associated Factors Among School-Age Children in Arba Minch Zuria District, Southern Ethiopia, 2018.
Authors: Girma Eyayou , Churko Chuchu , Alagaw Amsalu , Haftu Desta , Tunje Abayneh , Tsegaye Behailu
Published: October 2020

Background: Scabies, a common human skin disease with a prevalence range of 0.2% to 71.4% in the world. It can have a considerable impact on general health leading to illness and death not only through the direct effect of its infestation and as a result of secondary bacterial infection. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of scabies and its associated factors among school-age children in Arba Minch Zuria district, Gamo zone, Southern Ethiopia.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in 825 school-age children from February 20 to March 30, 2018. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select study populations. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with scabies. Findings were presented using 95% CI of Crude Odds Ratios (COR) and Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR). To declare statistical significance, a p-value of less than 0.05 was used. Result: A total of 825 children participated in the study with a response rate of 97.6%. The overall prevalence of scabies was 16.4% [95% CI: 13.9%, 18.9%]. Overcrowding index, family history of itching in the past two weeks, wealth index, knowledge of scabies, climatic zone (living in the highland area), frequency of washing body, frequency of washing clothes, fingernails cutting practice, history of skin contact with scabies patient, washing hair more than once weekly, and sharing of clothes were significantly associated scabies disease.Conclusion: In conclusion, the prevalence of scabies in Arba Minch lies at 16.4% in the global scabies range from 0.2% to 71.4%. The prevalence was highest in highlands followed by midland and then lowland. This represents a significant scabies burden which we recommend warrants health service intervention.
Ultrarobust, tough and highly stretchable self-healing materials based on cartilage-inspired noncovalent assembly nanostructure
Authors: Wang Yuyan , Huang Xin , Zhang Xinxing
Published: October 2020

Self-healing materials integrated with robust mechanical strength and high healing efficiency simultaneously would be of great use in many fields but have been proven to be extremely challenging. Here, inspired by animal cartilage, we present a ultrarobust self-healing material by incorporating high density noncovalent bonds at interface between the assembled interwoven network of two-dimensional nanosheets and polymer matrix to collectively produce a strong interfacial interaction. The resulted nanocomposite material shows robust tensile strength (52.3 MPa), high toughness (282.7 MJ m–3, which is 1.6 times higher than spider silk and 9.4 times higher than metallic aluminum), high stretchability (1020.8%) and excellent healing efficiency (80-100%), which overturns previous understanding of the traditional noncovalent bonding self-healing materials that high mechanical robustness and healing ability tend to be mutually exclusive. Moreover, the interfacical supramolecular crosslinking structure enables the functional-healing ability of the resultant flexible devices. This work opens an avenue toward the development of ultrarobust self-healing materials for various flexible functional devices.
Strengthening Health Systems in Humanitarian Settings: Multi-Stakeholder Insights on Contraception and Postabortion Care Programs in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Somalia
Authors: Tran Nguyen Toan , Meyers Janet , Malilo Bibiche , Chabo Julien , MUSELEMU Jean-Baptiste , RIZIKI Bienvenu , LIBONGA Patrick , SHIRE Abdikani , HAD Hussein , ALI Mohamed , ARAB Mohamed Abdi , DA’AR Jama Mohamed , KAHOW Mohamed Hussein , ADIVE Joseph Ege , GEBRU Binyam , MONAGHAN Emily , MORRIS Catherine N , GALLAGHER Meghan , JOUANICOT Virginie , POUGNIER Natacha , AMSALU Ribka
Published: October 2020

BackgroundIn humanitarian settings, strengthening health systems while responding to the health needs of crisis-affected populations is challenging and marked with evidence gaps. Drawing from a decade of family planning and postabortion care programming in humanitarian settings, this paper aims to identify strategic components that contribute to health system strengthening in such contexts. MethodsA diverse range of key informants from North Kivu (Democratic Republic of Congo, DRC) and Puntland (Somalia), including female and male community members, adolescents and adults, healthcare providers, government and community leaders, participated in qualitative interviews, which applied the World Health Organization health system building blocks framework. Data were thematically analyzed according to this framework.ResultsFindings from the focus group discussions (11 in DRC, 7 in Somalia) and key informant interviews (7 in DRC, 4 in Somalia) involving in total 54 female and 72 male participants across both countries indicate that health programs in humanitarian settings, such as Save the Children’s initiative on family planning and postabortion care, could contribute to strengthening health systems by positively influencing national policies and guidance, strengthening local coordination mechanisms, capacitating the healthcare workforce with competency-based training and supportive supervision (benefiting facilities supported by the project and beyond), developing the capacity of Ministry of Health staff in the effective management of the supply chain, actively and creatively mobilizing the community to raise awareness and create demand, and providing quality and affordable services. Financial sustainability is challenged by the chronically limited healthcare expenditure experienced in both humanitarian contexts.ConclusionsIn humanitarian settings, carefully designed healthcare interventions, such as those that address the family planning and postabortion care needs of crisis-affected populations, are able not only to increase access to essential services but also contribute to strengthening several components of the health system while increasing the government capacity, ownership, and accountability.
Experimental Observation of the Sequence of Tibial Plateau Chondrocyte and Matrix Degeneration in Spontaneous Osteoarthritis in Guinea Pigs
Authors: WANG XIAOJIAN , Wang XIAOJIAN , Wei Lei , Xue Yan , Li Rong-shan
Published: October 2020

Background To observe the sequence of chondrocyte degeneration and matrix degradation in the superficial surface cartilage of the tibial plateau in guinea pigs with spontaneous knee osteoarthritis (OA).Methods Forty guinea pigs were euthanized at the ages of 10 months (n=20) and 12 months (n=20). The degree of degeneration of the tibial plateau cartilage was evaluated by Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score.The levels of MMP-13 and Caspase-3 in the chondrocytes were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The serum concentration of CTX-II was measured and compared.Western blot analysis was used to detect the levels of MMP-13 and Caspase-3 in the cartilage tissue.Results The OARSI score in the 10-month-old group(6.4±1.7) was lower than that in the 12-month-old group(12.7±3.2)(P＜0.05). Immunohistochemical staining confirmed the levels of MMP-13(10-month-old,6.1±2.0;12-month-old,5.8±1.6) and Caspase-3(10-month-old,2.6±0.6;12-month-old,2.8±0.9) in two groups appeared to be nonsignificant (all P＜0.05).The serum CTX-II in the 10-month-old group(8.6±1.2) was lower than that in the 12-month-old group(13.7±2.3) (P＜0.05). The western blot results confirmed the levels of MMP-13(10-month-old,0.82±0.21;12-month-old,0.86±0.27) and Caspase-3(10-month-old,0.22±0.07;12-month-old,0.20±0.08) in two groups appeared to be nonsignificant (all P＜0.05).Conclusion The superficial chondrocytes of the tibial plateau first appeared to be hypertrophic and then apoptotic, and the matrix was further degraded when spontaneous knee osteoarthritis occurred in guinea pigs.Changes in the physiological state of chondrocytes are the initiating factors in the pathogenesis of knee OA.
Non-powder Lateral Penetrating Craniocerebral Gunshot Wound in a 10-Year-Old Girl: A Case Report
Authors: Lauren Christopher , Argie Donny , Malelak Elric Brahm , Mawardy Reza , Suranta Samuel Edhi , Junaidy Vito Masagus , Firmansyah Yohanes
Published: October 2020

Background: Non-powder lateral penetrating craniocerebral gunshot wounds (PCGW) is one of the lethal types of penetrating head injury. The mortality rate is higher in adults than in pediatric populations and influence by the clinical and radiologic findings as the important predictors for prognostication in patients with PGCW. Case Presentation: A 10-year-old girl presented with a gunshot wound to the head 1 day prior. She was accidentally shot by her brother with an air gun from approximately 2 feet from the gun barrel. She develops a loss of consciousness for 30 minutes and weakness over the left arm. In physical examination, the patient Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was E3 V5 M6, weakness on the left arm, and an entrance wound over the right temple without an exit wound. The skull X-ray show the pellet fragment and the computed tomography (CT) scan show the bullet track starting from the right frontotemporal towards the left parietooccipital region, damaging both hemispheres with associated intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). She undergoes a craniotomy procedure to remove the bullet fragment, debridement of the necrotic tissue, and evacuating the blood clot the formed over the bullet track. The patient discharge after postoperative day 7 with good recovery of neurological function and good GCS and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score. After 6 months follow-up, neither a new deficit nor other signs and symptoms were developed.Conclusions: Non-powder PCGW can cause significant damage to the intracranial compartment, despite its low velocity. The mortality rate in pediatrics is lower than in adults population. The management mandated an urgent surgical procedure to remove any blood clot and debridement of any foreign bodies encountered. Such complications in short- or long term can be developed in any patients and should be treated expectantly.
Plasma Osteopontin as a Biomarker of Alzheimer’s Disease and Vascular Cognitive Impairment: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Chai Yuek Ling , Chong Joyce R , Raquib Ainiah R , Xu Xin , Hilal Saima , Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy , Tan Boon Yeow , Kumar Alan P , Sethi Gautam , Chen Christopher P , Lai Mitchell KP
Published: October 2020

Background: Cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) and neurodegenerative dementia such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are frequently associated comorbidities in the elderly, sharing common risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms including neuroinflammation. Osteopontin (OPN) is an inflammatory marker found upregulated in vascular diseases as well as in AD. However, its involvement in vascular dementia (VaD) and pre-dementia stages, namely cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND), both of which fall under the spectrum of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) has yet to be examined. Its correlations with inflammatory cytokines in cognitive impairment also await investigation. Methods: 80 subjects with no cognitive impairment (NCI), 160 with CIND and 144 with dementia were included in a cross-sectional study on a Singapore-based memory clinic cohort. All subjects underwent comprehensive clinical, neuropsychological and brain neuroimaging assessments, together with clinical diagnoses based on established criteria. Blood samples were collected and OPN as well as inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were measured using immunoassays. Results: Multivariate regression analyses showed significant associations between increased OPN and VCI groups, namely CIND with CeVD, AD with CeVD and VaD. Interestingly, higher OPN was also significantly associated with AD even in the absence of CeVD. We further showed that increased OPN significantly associated with neuroimaging markers of CeVD and neurodegeneration, including cortical infarcts, lacunes, white matter hyperintensities and brain atrophy. OPN also correlated with elevated levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that OPN may play a role in both VCI and neurodegenerative dementias. Further longitudinal analyses are needed to assess the prognostic utility of OPN in disease prediction and monitoring.
Quality of Life of Patients with Non-melanoma Skin Cancers and their First-degree Relatives in Shiraz, Southern Iran: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Saki Nasrin , Nezhad Maryam Mashhadi , Kasraei Hengameh , Rezaee Maryam , Haghighi Negin Fazelzadeh , Parvizi Mohammad Mahdi
Published: October 2020

Background: Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) of both patients with non-melanoma skin cancer and their relatives.Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study on patients with non-melanoma skin cancer and their first-degree relatives referred to dermatology clinic of Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, 2018. Accordingly, patients and one of their companions were considered as the study group. Their responses to the questionnaires of Dermatology Life Quality Index and Family Dermatology Life Quality Index were analyzed using SPSS software, version 18. Results: The QoL of the patients enrolled in this study was relatively good. The mean of the QoL score for patients with non-melanoma skin cancer was 10.5 ± 6.2 for men and 13.2 ± 7.2 for women which showed a statistically significant difference (P = 0.027). In the patient's companion group, the mean of their QoL scores were 9.4 ± 5.6 in men and 10.9 ± 6.0 in women with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.149).In addition, the QoL in both groups were not related to the type of skin cancer, sex and family relations. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the overall QoL of the patients and their relatives was moderate. However, a plan for improving QoLs of both groups should be considered as a part of the illness management.
Community-based Programs for Childhood Immunization and Prevention of Childhood Diseases: Sustainable Support in Mothers’ Decision-Making – A Health Belief Model Approach
Authors: Ngandjon Jonas Kemeugni , Laengler Alfred , Ostermann Thomas
Published: October 2020

Background: The childhood vaccination program (EPI) is claimed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the most cost-effective intervention to reduce child mortality. Therefore, in low-income countries governments and health authorities invest in vaccination programs to reach the herd immunity. However, despite the resources allocated to the EPI, epidemics preventable through vaccines are still reported in these countries. In Cameroon, the Foumbot district in the West region has witnessed measles epidemics since 2010 and in 2013 a polio outbreak was reported. Methods: The design of this study is a cross-sectional survey. A total of 160 mothers of children between the ages of 12 to 23 months were interviewed. The Health-Belief-Model was applied to design a community-related framework regarding maternal decision-making.Results: The outcome of this survey shows that 60% of the children studied were completely vaccinated, 37.75% were partially vaccinated, and 1.25% had not received any vaccine. The logistic regression analysis shows that affiliation to Islam (OR=0.2) and a poor knowledge of infectious diseases (OR=0.3) were significant predictors of complete childhood vaccination failure. Conclusion: Starting the vaccination program at birth and a good knowledge of infectious diseases were important factors for complete childhood vaccination. Additionally, health facilities presented a shortage of qualified health personnel. Public health authorities should invest in health education programs with the goal of developing skills for health- seeking behavior in individuals and communities.
Readmission to a Different Hospital and Worse Outcomes Following Sepsis: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Lin Zhen , Han Hedong , Xu Jinfang , Cao Yang , Qin Yingyi , Wu Cheng , Wei Xin , He Jia
Published: October 2020

BackgroundIn the United States (U.S.), sepsis accounts for 13% of total hospital expenses and more than 50% of hospital deaths. People with sepsis are more likely to be readmitted. Little is known about the prevalence and outcomes of different hospital readmissions (DHR) in sepsis patients, and the factors associated with DHR have not been well studied.MethodsWe used data during 2010 to 2017 from the Nationwide Readmissions Database of the U.S. 2010 to 2017 to identify the patients with admission for sepsis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the associated factors for DHR, and five models were constructed to elucidate the relationship between DHR and in-hospital outcomes.Results From 2010 to 2017, 450,560 (19.65%) of all readmitted sepsis patients in the U.S. were readmitted to a different hospital within 30 days. The prevalence of DHR increased from 18.45% in 2010 to 22.07% in 2017 (P for trend < 0.001). The factors associated with DHR included elective admission, diabetes, drug abuse, alcohol abuse, psychoses, and depression. The most common reason for readmission was infections irrespective of hospital status. DHR was associated with higher hospitalization costs [$4,909, 95% confidence interval (CI), $4,542-$5,276, P<0.001], longer length of stay (LOS) (0.97 days, 95% CI, 0.87 days-1.08 days, P<0.001), and higher risk of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio,1.08, 95% CI, 1.04-1.12, P < 0.001).ConclusionsDHR occurred for one fifth of sepsis patients in the U.S. Our findings suggest that patients readmitted to a different hospital within 30 days may experience higher in-hospital mortality, longer LOS, and higher hospitalization costs. Future studies need to examine whether continuity of care can improve the prognosis of patients with sepsis.
Comparative evaluation of effectiveness of concentrated growth factors (CGF) enriched bone graft matrix (sticky bone) with hydroxyapatite reinforced beta tricalcium phosphate and bioabsorbable membrane in treatment of class ii furcation defects -A clinical study
Authors: Ragit Gayatri , Baliga Vidya , Dhadse Prasad Vijayrao , Chimote Mosami Sunil , Nibudey Akanksha , Bhombe Komal
Published: October 2020

Aim - To compare the effectiveness of concentrated growth factors enriched bone graft matrix (Sticky bone) with hydroxyapatite reinforced Beta TCP and bioabsorbable membrane in treatment of class II furcation defects.Method - Total 24 patients with class II furcation defects were included in the study. The parameters recorded were plaque index (PI), papillary bleeding score (PBI), horizontal probing depth (HPD), vertical probing pocket depth (V-PPD), relative clinical attachment level (R-CAL), relative gingival marginal level(R-GML) on the day of surgery and after 6 months. Results- Comparison between mean PPD reduction between groups at 6 months indicated remarkable reduction in β-TCP + GTR group by 0.83 ± 0.93mm. Similarly, mean R-CAL gain at 6 months indicated notable gain in β-TCP + GTR group by 1 ± 1.27 mm. The mean gain of R-GML (0.25 ± 1.13 mm)and HPD reduction (0.16 ± 1.02 mm)between groups at 6 months showed no statistical significance.Conclusion –Sticky bone group showed remarkable improvement from baseline in measured clinical parameters. Percentage of defects converted to class I from class II were higher in sticky bone group (83.3%) compared to HA/β-TCP + GTR group (66.6%) showed regenerative potential which can be compared to combination therapy.
Barriers to Responding to Reproductive Coercion and Abuse in Australian Primary Care
Authors: Wellington Molly , Hegarty Kelsey , Tarzia Laura
Published: October 2020

Background: Reproductive coercion and abuse is defined as any behaviour that seeks to control a woman’s reproductive autonomy. In Australia, women often access reproductive health care through a primary care clinician, however, little is known about clinicians’ experiences responding to reproductive coercion and abuse. This study aims to address this gap by exploring the barriers to responding to reproductive coercion and abuse in Australian primary care. Methods: Twenty-four primary care clinicians from diverse clinical settings in primary care across Australia were recruited to participate in a semi-structured interview. Data were analysed thematically.Results: Through analysis, three themes were developed: It’s not even in the frame, There’s not much we can do and There’s no one to help us.Conclusions: Many clinicians felt ill-equipped to identify and respond to reproductive coercion and abuse. Some clinicians hadn’t received any formal training, others were trained but had nowhere to refer women. Further complicating responses was a lack of support from referral services. This study highlights the need for more training and a streamlined referral pathways for women who experience reproductive coercion and abuse, as well as better access to reproductive health services in rural areas.
Characterization of γδT Cells in Lung of Plasmodium yoelii-infected C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Wei Haixia , Jin Chenxi , Peng Anping , Xie Hongyan , Xie Shihao , Feng Yuanfa , Xie Anqi , Li Jiajie , Fang Chao , Yang Quan , Qiu Huaina , Qi Yanwei , Yin Zhinan , Wang Xinhua , Huang Jun
Published: October 2020

BackgroundMalaria has high morbidity and mortality rates in most parts of tropical and subtropical countries. The lung not only works as a respiratory organ but also as an immune organ. γδT cells have multiple functions, producing cytokines and chemokines, regulating the immune response by interacting with other cells. It remains unclear about the role of γδT cells in the lung of the mice infected by malaria. MethodsFlow cytometry (FCM) was used to evaluate the changes of γδT cells and the effects of γδT cells on the phenotype and function of B and T cells in Plasmodium yoelii-infected wild-type (WT) or γδTCR knockout (γδT KO) mice. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the lungs.ResultsThe percentage and absolute number of γδT cells in the lung increased after Plasmodium infection (p < 0.05). The expressions of CD80, CD11b, and PD-1 in the γδT cells increased post-infection (p < 0.05), while the expressions of CD34, CD62L, and CD127 decreased (p < 0.05). γδT cells expressed more IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-21, IL-1α, and IL-17 (p < 0.05), but less IFN-γ (p < 0.05) post-infection. The pathological changes in the lungs of the infected γδT KO mice were not obvious compared with the infected WT mice. The proportion of CD3+ cells, absolute numbers of CD3+ cells, CD3+ CD4+ cells, CD3+ CD8+ cells decreased in γδT KO infected mice (p < 0.05). γδT KO did not make a significant difference in the surface molecular expression of T cells (p > 0.05). While, the percentage of IFN-γ-expressing CD3+ and CD3+ CD8+ cells increased in γδT KO infected mice (p < 0.05). The absolute number of B cells was not affected by γδT KO. The B cells from infected γδT KO mice expressed more ICOS (p < 0.05), but less CD80 (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe content, phenotype, and function of γδT cells in the lung of C57BL/6 mice were changed after Plasmodium infection. γδT cells play a certain role in the process of regulating the immune response of T and B cells in the lung of Plasmodium-infected mice.
Development and Evaluation of a New P. Falciparum 3D7 Blood Stage Malaria Cell Bank for Use in Malaria Volunteer Infection Studies
Authors: Woolley Stephen Derek , Fernandez Melissa , Rebelo Maria , Llewellyn Stacey , Marquart Louise , Amante Fiona , Jennings Helen , Webster Rebecca , Trenholme Katharine , Chalon Stephan , Moehrle Joerg , McCarthy James , Barber Bridget
Published: October 2020

BackgroundNew antimalarial therapeutics are required to counter the threat of increasing drug resistance. Malaria volunteer infection studies (VIS), particularly the induced blood stage malaria (IBSM) model, play a key role in accelerating antimalarial drug development. Supply of the reference 3D7-V2 Plasmodium falciparum malaria cell bank (MCB) is limited. We aimed to develop a new MCB, and compare the safety and infectivity of this MCB with the existing 3D7-V2 MCB, in a VIS. A second bank (3D7-V1) developed in 1995 was also evaluated.MethodsWe expanded the 3D7-V2 MCB in vitro using a bioreactor to produce a new MCB designated 3D7-MBE-008. This bank and 3D7-V1 were then evaluated using the IBSM model, where healthy participants were intravenously inoculated with blood-stage parasites. Participants were treated with artemether-lumefantrine when parasitaemia or clinical thresholds were reached. Safety, infectivity and parasite growth and clearance were evaluated. ResultsThe in vitro expansion of 3D7-V2 produced 200 vials of the 3D7-MBE-008 MCB, with a parasitaemia of 4.3%. This compares to 0.1% in the existing 3D7-V2 MCB, and <0.01% in the 3D7-V1 MCB. All four participants, (two per MCB) developed detectable Plasmodium falciparum infection after inoculation with approximately 2800 parasites. The parasite multiplication rates of 48 hours (PMR48) for the two participants inoculated with 3D7-MBE-008 MCB were 26 and 61, similar to the parental (3D7-V-2) line, with both parasitaemia in both participants exceeding 10,000/mL by day 8. Growth of the 3D7-V1 was slower (PMR48 of 8 and 18), with parasitaemia exceeded 10,000 parasites/mL on days 10 and 8.5 respectively. Rapid parasite clearance followed artemether-lumefantrine treatment in all four participants (clearance half-lives of 4.01 and 4.06 hours for 3D7-MBE-008 and 4.11 and 4.52 hours for 3D7-V1). A total of 59 adverse events occurred, most were of mild severity with three being severe in the 3D7-MBE-008 study. ConclusionThe safety, growth and clearance profiles of the expanded 3D7-MBE-008 MCB closely resemble that of its parent, indicating its suitability for future studies.Trial RegistrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials registry numbers:P3487 (3D7-V1): ACTRN12619001085167P3491 (3D7-MBE-008): ACTRN12619001079134
Chemokine CXCL-2 Regulates Resistance to Platinum in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer by Mediating ATR/CHK1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Nie Sipei , Wan Yicong , Wang Hui , Liu Jinhui , Yang Jing , Sun Rui , Meng Huangyang , Ma Xiaolin , Jiang Yi , Cheng Wenjun
Published: October 2020

Backgrounds：Platinum-resistance remains a challenge to recurrence and metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and the mechanisms are unidentified. Tumor microenvironment (TME) and chemokine might play a key role in tumor chemoresistance. This study is designed to reveal the important role of CXCL-2 in causing EOC platinum-resistance. Materials and Methods: Differently expressed chemokines were selected based on the GSE114206 dataset of GEO database. Chemokines levels of platinum-sensitive and platinum-resistant EOC. Cell assays were performed and the cell stem characteristics were investigated for exploring the roles of CXCL-2 in EOC chemoresistance. We further explored the downstream signaling pathway regulated by CXCL-2 by detecting the expression of related molecules and rescue assay with the signaling inhibitor.Results: CXCL-2, CXCL-11 and CXCL-13 were found up-regulated in platinum-resistant EOC based on GSE114206 databases, and CXCL-2 was identified as key chemokine by validation. The cell assays showed overexpressing CXCL-2 and co-culturing with recombinant human CXCL-2 promoted cancer cell chemoresistance. Conversely, knocking down CXCL-2 and co-culturing with neutralizing antibody to CXCL-2 reduced cisplatin-resistance in cisplatin-resistant EOC cells. CXCL-2 levels regulated the stemness of cancer cells and activated ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR)/cell cycle checkpoint kinase1 (CHK1) signaling pathway. The cancer cell chemoresistance can be saved by CXCL-2 receptor inhibitor (SB225002) and CHK1 inhibitor (SAR-020106) in vitro. Conclusion: These results identified a CXCL-2 mediated platinum-resistance mechanism in EOC, and provided a novel target for chemoresistance prevention and treatment strategies.
Prediction of the degree of pathological differentiation in tongue squamous cell carcinoma based on radiomics analysis of magnetic resonance images
Authors: Yu Baoting , Huang Chencui , Xu Jingxu , Liu Shuo , Guan Yuyao , Li Tong , Zheng Xuewei , Jun Ding
Published: October 2020

Background: To explore the value of radiomics based on magnetic resonance fat-suppressed T2-weighted images in predicting the degree of pathological differentiation of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC).Methods: Retrospective analysis of 87 TSCC patients who were randomly divided into a primary cohort and a test cohort. The tumour regions were manually labelled in fat-suppressed T2-weighted imaging (FS-T2WI) and PyRadiomics was used to extract radiomics features. The radiomics features were then selected by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method. The model was established by the logistic regression classifier using a 5-fold cross-validation method, applied to the set and evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. Results: In total, 1132 features were extracted, and seven features were selected for modelling. The AUC in the logistic regression model for well-differentiated TSCC was 0.90 with specificity and precision values of 0.92 and 0.78, respectively, and the sensitivity for poorly differentiated TSCC was 0.74.Conclusion: In this model, there was a significant relationship between radiomics characteristics and the degree of pathological differentiation, and the degree can be predicted from MRI features using machine learning. Advances in knowledge: Texture analysis and prediction of the differentiation degree of TSCC by MRI are not only a breakthrough and innovation in the diagnosis of TSCC but are also of significance in clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Revisión documental de factores de producción analizados en investigaciones del sector metalmecánico Colombia 2015-2019
Authors: Figueredo Garzón César Augusto , Rincón Parra Nidia Stella , Jiménez Orozco Hilda Lucia , Ávila Guerrero4 Flor Marlen
Published: October 2020

El sector metalmecánico en Colombia enfrenta brechas tecnológicas en automatización industrial, restricciones externas como las altas cargas impositivas, impuestos y gran dificultad para acceso a fuentes de apalancamiento financiero, falencias en la gestión y planes tecnológicos y de análisis de oferta y demanda. En concordancia, se hace necesario conocer el sector, a partir  del cuestionamiento ¿Cómo contextualizar el sector metalmecánico de Colombia  y  poder conocer los factores de producción objeto de mayor análisis?. Como objetivo realizar una revisión y análisis documental exploratorio, siendo objeto de investigación 50  artículos entre 2015 al 2019 sobre el sector metalmecánico en Colombia, la evaluación de la información se hizo a través de la matriz de análisis de investigaciones con  la identificación de los factores comunes, preponderantes y significativos en los estudios seleccionados; finalmente se concluye,  que el sector Metalmecánico en Colombia está en un entorno de alta Competitividad si desea obtener permanencia y evolución,  la dinámica incluye la compresión de factores que más afectan su quehacer económico y operativo: Productividad y producción, Competitividad, niveles tecnológicos, oportunidades del sector y talento humano.
Propuesta metodológica para la auditoría de ciberseguridad aplicada a un sistema SCADA
Authors: Torres Valero Ricardo Alonso , Medina Becerra Fabian Andrés , Mendoza Moreno Miguel Ángel
Published: October 2020

La información que posee una empresa se considera en la actualidad uno de los factores más importantes, corresponde a la columna dorsal de su competitividad por lo que el uso de sistemas de automatización que permitan la Supervisión, Control y Adquisición de Datos (SCADA, del inglés Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) son necesarios. Las organizaciones emplean este tipo de sistemas para mejorar no solo la eficiencia y eficacia en los procesos, sino que adicionalmente para cuidar su seguridad industrial, denotando que con la competitividad acrecentada también se presentan de manera consecuente riesgos que ponen en peligro el actuar de la organización. Dada esta situación, el presente documento pretende de manera generalizada exponer una metodología para guiar el proceso de inspección, con el objetivo de mitigar el riesgo en el área operativa de la organización, reconociendo que su área administrativa cuenta en la actualidad con un significativo número de programas y metodologías que la han establecido como segura, en ese contexto el avance investigativo condujo a proponer una metodología de carácter cuantitativo y cualitativo, a partir de técnicas de revisión bibliográfica, evocando principalmente la ocupación de ecuaciones de búsqueda.
Estrategia integral para identificar áreas de aprovechamiento económico del espacio público aplicado al municipio de Medellín
Authors: Durango Vanegas Claudia Elena , Echavarría Gallego Santiago
Published: October 2020

El espacio público constituye el conjunto de bienes y elementos arquitectónicos que hacen parte del goce y disfrute de una comunidad. El aprovechamiento económico del espacio público tiene como objetivo motivar a la ciudadanía al apropiamiento del espacio público con buenas prácticas, originando recursos para el sostenimiento y contribuyendo al mejoramiento físico y autocontrol de la ocupación del entorno. En la revisión de literatura se evidencia que se carece de una estructura de datos que consolide la información de los espacios públicos de esparcimiento y encuentro, corredores viales y amoblamiento urbano que sirvan como insumo para el modelado del espacio. En este artículo se presenta el método “Estrategia Integral para el Aprovechamiento Económico del Espacio Público del Municipio de Medellín” considerada una guía con acciones para promover, sostener y actualizar las diferentes dinámicas socio económicas, paisajísticas y físico espaciales del territorio.
Kapsayıcı Liderlik Ölçeğinin Eğitim Örgütleri için Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: OKÇU Veysel , DEVİREN İslam
Published: October 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Hollander (2008) tarafından geliştirilmiş olan "Kapsayıcı Liderlik Ölçeği’ni" Türkçe’ye uyarlamaktır. Ölçeğin ingilizce ve Türkçeye çeviri çalışmaları, ingilizce ve Türkçe alanında uzman gruplar tarafından gerçekleştirilmiştir. Türkçeye çevrilen ölçek dil anlaşırlığını belirlemek amacıyla asıl uygulamaya geçmeden önce ön pilot uygulama çalışması yapılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 21ve AMOS 22 paket program kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları, 2019-2020 eğitim-öğretim yılında Diyarbakır ili Kayapınar ilçesinde görev yapan 330 öğretmenin görüşleri alınarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerle Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) ile elde edilen sonucun, özgün Kapsayıcı Liderlik Ölçeğinin modeli ile benzer olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Güvenirlik çalışmaları kapsamında yapılan Cronbach alfa ve madde toplam korelasyon değerlerine ilişkin sonuçlar da beklenen değerler üzerinde çıkarak ölçeğin güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermiştir. Böylelikle kapsayıcı liderlik ölçeğinin geçerli ve güvenilir olduğu ve uygun bir veri toplama aracı olduğu genel sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Gebelerin Mevsimsel İnfluenza Aşısı ile İlgili Bilgi, Tutum ve Davranışları
Authors: KUL Gülnur , ERDOĞAN Nail
Published: October 2020

Amaç: Gebelikte influenza enfeksiyonu, daha yüksek morbidite/mortalite ve de maternal, fetal ve neonatal risklerde artışla seyretmektedir. İnfluenzayı önlemede en etkili strateji aşılamadır. Bu çalışmada bir grup gebenin mevsimsel influenza aşısı ile ilgili bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarını değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamız bir kesitsel anket çalışması olarak, Ocak 2019—Temmuz 2019 döneminde kadın hastalıkları ve doğum polikliniğimize başvuran birinci, ikinci ve üçüncü trimesterdeki erişkin gebelerle gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmacılar tarafından ilgili literatür incelenerek, 17 sorudan oluşan bir anket hazırlandı ve ardından yüz yüze görüşme yoluyla uygulandı. Anketteki sorularla katılımcıların obstetrik, demografik ve sosyoekonomik özellikleri, gebelikte influenza aşısı olma öyküsü ve de gebelikte influenza aşısı ile ilgili bilgi, tutum ve davranışları sorgulandı.

Bulgular: Çalışma toplam 227 gebe içerdi. İnfluenza aşısının gebelikte güvenli olduğunu düşünenler çoğunlukla üniversite mezunu katılımcılardı. Yalnızca 19 (%8,3) katılımcı gebeyken influenza aşısı yaptırdığını belirtti. Katılımcıların aşılanmama gerekçeleri sorgulandığında, başlıca (%71,7) gerekçe “aşının bebeğe yan etki oluşturması endişesi” iken bunu “aşının gereksiz ve gebelerde yeterince denenmemiş olması” (%8,3) izledi. Gebelikte influenza aşısı yaptıran katılımcılar aşı yaptırmaları gerektiğini çoğunlukla (%80) aile hekiminden öğrenmişti.

Tartışma ve Sonuç: Çalışmamızda katılımcılarımızın genel olarak influenza aşısı hakkında yeterince bilgi sahibi olmadığı ve sağlık çalışanlarının, özellikle de hekimlerin aşıyı yeterince önermediği görülmüştür. Aile hekimleri ile kadın hastalıkları ve doğum uzmanlarının rutin takiplerde influenza aşısını önermeleri, yüksek risk gruplarından olan gebe kadınların bilgilendirilmesinde büyük önem taşımaktadır.
EDUCAÇÃO CONTEXTUALIZADA NO SEMIÁRIDO: O QUE A GEOGRAFIA TEM A VER COM ISSO?
Authors: Santos Francisco José da Silva , Araújo Raimundo Lenilde de
Published: October 2020

Enquanto disciplina escolar, a Geografia é uma das responsáveis por discutir aspectos relacionados ao semiárido brasileiro, devendo contextualizá-lo, em especial, quando trabalhado em escolas que estão situadas no próprio semiárido. Nesse sentido, o trabalho tem como objetivo geral compreender o papel da Geografia escolar na percepção do semiárido a partir de discussões desenvolvidas com alunos da cidade de Novo Santo Antônio/PI. Como objetivos específicos, têm-se: entender como o semiárido é percebido e ensinado no Centro Educacional José Marcelo Pessoa; identificar a perspectiva do professor de Geografia com relação ao semiárido; analisar se a prática pedagógica de Geografia contribui para formação cidadã e melhor convivência do aluno no semiárido. No intuito de alcançar os objetivos propostos, foi estabelecido como metodologia, em um primeiro momento, a busca por um referencial teórico que embasasse conceitualmente a pesquisa, como Castrogiovanni, Callai e Kaercher (2004); Silva (2006); Lima (2010) e Reis (2010), dentre outros. Em um segundo momento, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo por meio de entrevista e por fim, foram analisados os dados coletados. A pesquisa revelou a importância da educação contextualizada e que o Ensino de Geografia pode contribuir na construção de percepção dos alunos sobre o ambiente em que vivem.
Gender Differences in Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Bergami Maria , Scarpone Marialuisa , Cenko Edina , Varotti Elisa , Amaduzzi Peter L. , Manfrini Olivia
Published: October 2020

Subjects affected by ischemic heart disease with non-obstructive coronary arteries constitute a population
that has received increasing attention over the past two decades. Since the first studies with coronary angiography,
female patients have been reported to have non-obstructive coronary artery disease more frequently
than their male counterparts, both in stable and acute clinical settings. Although traditionally considered a relatively
infrequent and low-risk form of myocardial ischemia, its impact on clinical practice is undeniable, especially
when it comes to infarction, where the prognosis is not as benign as previously assumed. Unfortunately,
despite increasing awareness, there are still several questions left unanswered regarding diagnosis, risk stratification
and treatment. The purpose of this review is to provide state of the art update on the current evidence
available on gender differences in clinical characteristics, management and prognosis of ischemic heart disease
with non-obstructive coronary arteries, both in the acute and stable clinical settings.