bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Costume Craftwork on a Budget
Authors: Huaixiang Tan
Published: October 2023

“Tan Huaixiang is a truly gifted artist; in this book she guides us through many complex theatrical projects that are inspiring, clever, and budget sensible. Her many samples offer excellent tips regarding the use of materials and her choice of graphics illustrates processes clearly. She has created something truly versatile. This book can be used as a textbook in a stagecraft class and it can also be a beautiful reference book in a designer/technician’s library. This is a must for all costume designers and technicians.”

—Rafael Jaen, author of Show Case and Digital Costume Design and Collaboration

“This book is an excellent review of unique and economical approaches to common costume technology issues with stunning visuals. It is a cookbook of theatrical craftwork.”

—Linda Pisano, Professor of Costume Design at Indiana University, Department of Theatre and Drama

Costume Craftwork on a Budget demonstrates how to use inexpensive materials to create durable costumes and props in a short amount of time. Fully illustrated step-by-step instructions teach readers how to use 3-D makeup and create teeth, wigs, masks, hats, nonhuman costumes, leather products, and other accessories.

This new edition features updated introductions for each chapter and project, expanded chapters on 3-D makeup, wigs, masks, headdresses, and animal costumes, and projects from shows such as Shrek the Musical (latex ears), Orphie and the Book of Heroes (headdresses), and Sideshow (a lizard costume). From creating armor out of laundry baskets to detailed tricks for creating a witch’s prosthetic nose, this book equips aspiring costume designers with the techniques needed to produce costumes and props that are beautiful, economical, and safe.
Wig Making and Styling
Authors: Ruskai Martha , Lowery Allison
Published: October 2023

Wig Making and Styling: A Complete Guide for Theatre & Film, Second Edition is the one-stop shop for the knowledge and skills you need to create and style wigs. Covering the basics, from styling tools to creating beards, it ramps up to advanced techniques for making, measuring, coloring, and cutting wigs from any time period. Whether you’re a student or a professional, you’ll find yourself prepared for a career as a skilled wig designer with tips on altering existing wigs, multiple approaches to solving wig-making problems, and industry best practices.

New to this edition:

• An extensive reorganization of chapters and improved images throughout makes the process of creating and styling wigs clearer than ever

• A chapter on working with hard front wigs and extensions

• Additional diagrams for hand stitching and wig knotting, coverage of the latest synthetic fibers and dyes and wig-care practices, and new tutorials on directly-applied facial hair techniques

• New historical galleries for both facial hair and historical hairstyles

• More diagrams and forms to copy or download from the website: www.focalpress.com/cw/ruskai
Period Hairstyles for Studio, Stage and Screen
Authors: Spencer Kit
Published: October 2023

Every period in history has its classic hairstyles: the bob cut for Twenties elegance, the flip hairstyle for the Fifties and the long, centre-parted mane of the Seventies.

If you need to create a period hairstyle for a film, stage production or fashion shoot, this book is a most trusted companion. Its coverage is broad: from ancient priestesses and Egyption queens, via Elizabethan courtiers, to the classic styles of all decades in the twentieth century. With clear instructions and close-up photography showing how to create more than a hundred vintage styles this is a welcome resource for the dressing room.

'There is a real wealth of information here - and it couldn't be clearer to read.' Reviewsgate.com
Fashions in Hair
Authors: Corson Richard
Published: October 2023

Fashions in Hair marked the first attempt at a comprehensive historical survey of hair styles through the ages, from Ancient Egypt through Greece, Rome and Anglo-Saxon times to recent trends in fashion. Also shining a light on hairdresser practices, it is now an essential work of reference. Profusely illustrated and carefully documented, it ranges from Ancient Egyptian, Greek, Roman and Anglo-Saxon times to recent trends in fashion, and provides an absorbing record of changing attitudes and tastes.

Containing well over 3000 drawings based on many years of research by the author, Fashions in Hair: The First Five Thousand Years is a handbook for theatrical designers and hair artists, illustrators and beauty consultants and anyone curious about moustaches, muttonchops and coiffures in fashion from the time of Cleopatra to Clooney.
Beijing Opera Costumes
Authors: Bonds Alexandra B.
Published: October 2023

Beijing Opera Costumes: The Visual Communication of Character and Culture illuminates the links between theatrical attire and social customs and aesthetics of China, covering both the theory and practice of stage dress. Distinguishing attributes include an introduction to the performance style, the delineation of the costume conventions, an analysis of the costumes through their historical precedents and theatrical modifications, and the use of garment shape, color, and embroidery for symbolic effect. Practical information covers dressing the performers, understanding a costume plot, creating the makeup designs and hairstyles, and patterning for the major garments. Photographs from live performances, as well as details of embroidery, and close-up photographs of the headdresses thoroughly portray the stunning beauty of this incomparable performance style. Presenting the brilliant colors of the elaborately embroidered silk costumes together with the intricate makeup and glittering headdresses, this volume embodies the elegance of the Beijing opera.
Stays and Corsets Volume 2
Authors: Barrington Mandy
Published: October 2023

In this second volume of Stays and Corsets, Mandy Barrington continues to create historical patterns for a modern body shape. This book contains all new corset patterns with a range of silhouettes that span over 300 years, from the late 16th century to the early 20th century. The corset patterns are generated from an original historical garment and have been designed for a wide range of female figures and sizes. The technique of flat pattern drafting your stays or corset will enable you to change the shape of the wearer to create an authentic historic silhouette.

All calculations have been worked out for the reader and are provided in easy-to-read tables, which avoids extremely difficult, time-consuming and inaccurate re-sizing of historical patterns. Some prior knowledge of pattern drafting is helpful; however, each pattern has step-by-step instructions supported by clear diagrams that will take you through each stage of the pattern drafting process. The final result is an accurate period stays or corset pattern for your model.
Clothing through American History
Authors: Wass Ann Buermann , Fandrich Michelle Webb
Published: October 2023

Learn what men, women, and children have worn—and why—in American history, beginning with the classical styles worn in the early American republic through the hoop skirts and ready-made clothes worn before the Civil War.

Authors Ann Buermann Wass and Michelle Webb Fandrich provide information on fabrics, materials, and manufacturing; a discussion of levels of society, daily life, and dress; and the types of clothes worn by men, women, and children, including American Indians and enslaved people.

The authors have painstakingly researched such primary sources as diaries, letters, and wills of the people of the time, in addition to secondary resources. Just a few of the topics include:

• The constant problems of getting fabrics, such as wool, or cotton, in the late eighteenth centuries

• The types of clothes that slave men, women, and children were allowed to wear

• The beginnings of patterns and the mass production of clothing in the mid nineteenth century.

The volume features numerous illustrations, helpful timelines, resource guides recommending websites, videos, and print publications, and extensive glossaries.
Costume in Greek Tragedy
Authors: Wyles Rosie
Published: October 2023

The core of the book focuses on tragic costume in its original performance context of fifth-century Athens, but the implications of subsequent uses in Roman and more recent performances are also taken into consideration. Most importantly, the reader is invited to think about how tragic costume worked as a language in ancient performance and was manipulated physically and verbally in order to create meaning. Elements of this language are shown through a series of test cases from a range of ancient tragedies. All ancient passages are given in translation and the book includes a glossary of terms.
Trend in loneliness among Swiss university students during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Volken Thomas , Amendola Simone , Zysset Annina , Huber Marion , von Wyl Agnes , Dratva Julia
Published: October 2023

Background

The need to maintain physical and social distance between people and the stay-at-home recommendation/order to contain the spread of COVID-19 have raised concerns about the possible increase in loneliness. However, few studies have analyzed trends or changes in loneliness in samples of young adults. The present study aimed to explore the prevalence of loneliness and its change during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Participants and procedure

This is a repeated cross-sectional study analyzing data collected through six online surveys between April 2020 and March 2021 from 5,669 university students in Switzerland. Logistic regression models were used to examine trends in loneliness and associations between loneliness, well-being, life at home, COVID-19 symptoms and tests.

Results

Loneliness decreased between April 2020 and May-June 2020. In contrast, loneliness was higher in December 2020, January and March 2021 compared to April 2020. Loneliness was associated with younger age, studying architecture, design and civil engineering or engineering, enjoying time spent with family/partner, experiencing tensions and conflicts at home, boredom, feeling locked up and subjective well-being and current health.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight an increase in loneliness during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, although a seasonality effect cannot be excluded. Public health systems and educational institutions need to monitor the effects of social distancing measures and reduced social contact on students’ loneliness and well-being.
The Effects of a Supramaximal Intermittent Training Program
on Aerobic and Anaerobic Running Measures
in Junior Male Soccer Players
Authors: Ortiz Jaelson Gonçalves , De Lucas Ricardo Dantas , Teixeira Anderson Santiago , Mohr Pedro Augusto , Guglielmo Luiz Guilherme Antonacci
Published: October 2023

This study investigated the effectiveness of supplementing regular preseason soccer training with a supramaximal intermittent shuttle-run training (ISRT) model prescribed from Carminatti’s Test peak speed (PST-CAR) in aerobic performance-related indices and sprinting speed in male junior soccer players. Twenty-three national-level soccer players (mean ± SD; age 18.07 ± 0.9 y, body height 1.76 ± 0.65 m, body mass 71.9 ± 8.7 kg) were assigned to either an experimental group (EG; n = 13) performing ISRT + soccer training or a control group (CG; n = 10) that followed regular preseason soccer training alone. The following tests were applied before and after the eight-week training intervention: (i) incremental treadmill tests (VO2max and lactate minimum speed – LMS); (ii) linear 30-m sprint test and Carminatti’s Test (PST-CAR). Results indicated larger gains for the EG in LMS (Δ = 9.53% vs. 2.82%) and PST-CAR (Δ = 5.50% vs. 2.10%) than in the CG. Furthermore, changes in VO2max produced higher effect size (d) values for the EG (Δ = 6.67%; d = 0.59) than the CG (Δ = 1.88%; d = 0.18). Both groups improved (p = 0.002) their flying 20-m sprint speed (EG: Δ = 1.01%; CG: Δ = 1.56%). However, small decreases were observed for 10-m sprint speed in the CG (Δ = −2.19%; d = −0.44), while only trivial changes were noticed for the EG (Δ = −0.50%; d = −0.16). Our data support that additional supramaximal ISRT is an effective training stimulus to enhance aerobic performance-related indices and promote small improvements in maximal running speed without impairing the soccer players’ acceleration capacity. This study also shows that PST-CAR can be useful for individualizing running intensity in supramaximal ISRT modes.
Electrophysiologic Findings in Pediatric Guillain Barre Syndrome
Authors: Saima Bashir  , Tipu Sultan
Published: October 2023

Objective: To describe electrophysiologic findings in the pediatric GuillianBarre syndrome (GBS).

Study design: Comparative prospective study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Neurology, The Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore Pakistan, from Jun to Dec 2015.

Methodology: Children below 18 years of age, presenting in medical emergency/neurology OPD and fulfilling the clinical case definition of GBS were included for the study. Electrophysiologic studies were performed within 24 hours of admission in all patients.

Results: Out of 83 patients with GBS, 59% were male and 80% were between 3-12 years of age. According to the electrophysiological findings, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP) was the most common subtype followed by acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN). Reduced CMAP and absent F-response were the most common electrophysiologic findingspresented in 70% and 57.8% of patients respectively. However, absent F-response was not specific for any subtype (p>0.05). Prolonged motor DL, reduced NCV, temporal dispersion and abnormal F-wave latency were characteristicelectrophysiologic features of demyelination (p≤0.001). However, prolonged motor DL and absent F-wave occurred early in the course of disease while reduced NCV and temporal dispersion observed later.

Conclusion: Electrophysiologic studieswere useful in making the appropriate diagnosis to initiate immunotherapy, particularly during first week after onset of weakness when albuminocytologic dissociation may not be present.
Pattern of Cigarette Smoking in Psychiatric Patients Admitted at AFIMH
Authors: Muhammad Ihsan , Jalal Omer , Muhammad Omer  , Chaudhary Ali Nawaz
Published: October 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency of cigarette smoking in patients admitted at AFIMH.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Mental Health, Rawalpindi Pakistan from Dec 2014 to Jun 2015.
Methodology: All patients meeting the inclusion criteria admitted to Armed Forces Institute of Mental Health (AFIMH) Rawalpindi for two or more days during the study period for any psychiatric disorder were enrolled in the study. The demographic and study variables such as the age, gender, cigarette smoking pattern and psychiatric diagnosis were recorded on the study Proforma.
Results: Out of a total of 108 cases of psychiatric illness, 91(26%) were male while 17(15.74%) were females. The mean age was found to be 32.68±11.34 years. Smoking status of the patients was calculated as current smokers 46(42.59%) former smokers29(26.85%) and nonsmokers 33(30.56 %)
Conclusion: We concluded that the frequency of cigarette smoking is high in psychiatric inpatients. Therefore, it is recommended that smokers with psychiatric disorders should be identified and provided with evidence based smoking cessation services. However, it is also required that every psychiatric setup should devise and implement smoke free policieswith appropriate leadership and support strategies for psychiatric patients and staff.
Beziehungsqualität und Integration
Authors:   , Pastore Giuliana
Published: October 2023

Diese Arbeit geht der Frage nach, welche Rolle die Beziehungsqualität zwischen Lehrpersonen und Schülerinnen und Schülern an Schweizer Schulen der Sekundarstufe I spielt und welchen Einfluss sie auf die Integration von Jugendlichen mit sonderpädagogischem Förderbedarf (SEN) hat. Diese Fragen sind insofern bedeutsam, als Schweizer Schulen auch auf der Sekundarstufe I begonnen haben, dem Inklusionsmandat nachzugehen. Wie sie Inklusion interpretieren und umsetzten, hat aber unmittelbare Folgen auf die individuellen Entwicklungspfade dieser Schülerinnen und Schüler. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird zwischen Inklusion und Integration unterschieden. Mit Inklusion wird das Augenmerk auf offizielle schulische Maßnahmen gerichtet. Mit Integration wird der Blickwinkel von der institutionellen auf die individuelle Ebene verschoben. Es wird deshalb argumentiert, dass eine gelungene Integration dann erreicht wird, wenn sich Schülerinnen und Schüler mit sonderpädagogischem Förderbedarf im Rahmen inklusiver Kontexte wohlfühlen sowie als sozial eingebunden und leistungskompetent wahrnehmen. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, wird in dieser Arbeit von hochqualitativen Lehrperson-Lernende-Beziehungen ausgegangen: Diese bilden das Fundament für inklusive Schulen, die eine gesunde Lernumgebung sowohl für die Schülerinnen und Schüler als auch für die Lehrpersonen darstellen. Die Definition von Beziehungsqualität wurde in dieser Arbeit aus der Bindungs- und Joint Attention-Theorie hergeleitet, daher umfasst sie sowohl emotional als auch kognitiv empathische Komponenten. Dafür stehen die zwei Dimensionen der emotionalen Resonanz und der gemeinsamen Intentionalität als operationalisierte Abbildung der genannten Komponenten. Die Beantwortung der oben gestellten Fragen wurde mithilfe quantitativer und qualitativer Methoden angegangen, deren Verknüpfung ein vollständigeres Bild der aktuellen schulischen Situation bezüglich Beziehungsqualität und Integration an Schweizer Sekundarschulen verspricht. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen einerseits, dass Lehrperson-Lernende-Beziehungen auch auf der Sekundarstufe I eine hohe Bedeutung für die Schülerinnen und Schüler mit SEN haben. Hochqualitative (d.h. empathische) Beziehungen führen zu einer besseren Integration dieser Lernenden, sowohl im subjektiven als auch im objektiven Sinne. Andererseits zeigen sich auch große Diskrepanzen bei den Beziehungstypologien in der aktuellen schulischen Landschaft, denn nicht in allen Schweizer Schulen werden aus Sicht der Jugendlichen hochqualitative Beziehungen erlebt. Hieraus ergibt sich daher die Empfehlung, eine bindungstheoretische und neurowissenschaftliche Perspektive in Aus- und Weiterbildung einfließen zu lassen, um die Interpretation des Verhaltens zu schärfen und die damit verknüpfte emotionale Reaktivität und Responsivität sowie die Handlungswirksamkeit von Lehrpersonen zu bestärken, vor allem im Hinblick auf herausfordernde Situationen bei sozialen und emotionalen Beeinträchtigungen.
Presencia de Monseñor Romero en la hora actual
Authors: El Editor
Published: October 2023

No hay resúmenes disponibles.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 37, No. 401, 1982: 143-156.
Pengecekan Tingkat Similaritas Jawaban ChatGPT pada Prompts Pendidikan Kejuruan
Authors: Maghfiroh Anik , Iskandar Ranu
Published: October 2023

ChatGPT merupakan salah satu AI yang sangat membantu manusia dalam menjawab semua pertanyaan di berbagai sektor termasuk di sektor pendidikan jika digunakan secara bijak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tingkat kesamaan dari jawaban dari chatGPT terkait pendidikan kejuruan menggunakan turnitin dan chatGPT. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Ada 10 pertanyaan yang dimasukkan pada ChatGPT prompts. Setelah muncul 1 jawaban kemudian klik tombol generate respone untuk mendapatkan jawaban lainnya. Setiap pertanyaan diambil 3 jawaban dari ChatGPT. Hasil pengecekan turnitin dibandingkan dengan tabel tingkat plagiasi. Pengecekan tingkat kesamaan menggunakan ChatGPT dilakukan dengan menempelkan jawaban pada prompts kemudian ditambah dengan sebuah pertanyaan ‘Apakah jawaban ini dari chatGPT?’. Pengecekan tingkat kesamaan menggunakan turnitin diketahui bahwa 8 jawaban memiliki indeks kesamaan yang rendah sedangkan 2 jawaban memiliki indeks kesamaan sedang. Berdasarkan pengecekan menggunakan yang dilakukan oleh chatGPT sendiri diketahui bahwa chatGPT tahu semua jawaban tersebut darinya. Rekomendasi untuk penelitian selanjutnya yaitu dapat dilakukan parafrase menggunakan AI tools seperti Wordtune dan Quillbot. Kemudian pengecekan tingkat kesamaannya dilakukan menggunakan banyak plagiarism tools.
Geoprocessamento e geoeconomia: análises multidisciplinares
Authors: Fontgalland Isabel Lausanne
Published: October 2023

A discussão hodierna e multidisciplinar acerca da geoeconomia é de fato muito instigante e promove um turbilhão de teoremas e práticas que somente num espaço especial, como o II volume da chamada Geoeconomia e Geoprocessamento, pode proporcionar. O ambiente natural é o pano de fundo complexo e torna-se sistemático, dentro de perspectivas com tremenda riqueza de análises que vão do Direito à geografia física, pegando carona na economia mais refinada. Além disso, o ton da gestão sustentável dos recursos naturais passa pela geografia da saúde, a conservação de mananciais às discussões das bacias hidrográficas envolvendo especificas tecnologias. Neste sentido, as metodologias multivariadas estão à flor da pele, e os autores emergem, no contexto, como verdadeiros cientistas, representativos de seus centros de origem.
ENCARCERAMENTO E A IMPOSSIBILIDADE DE RESSOCIALIZAÇÃO
Authors: Machado José Henrique Nunes Moreno , Lopes José Augusto Bezerra
Published: October 2023

O tema do encarceramento e a dificuldade de ressocialização é um assunto complexo e multifacetado que envolve questões legais, sociais, econômicas e psicológicas. Isto porque o sistema carcerário brasileiro enfrenta uma série de desafios que impactam significativamente a capacidade de ressocialização dos presos, dentre eles a superlotação, condições precárias de subsistência, exposição a violência, falta de recursos e infraestrutura, além dos fatores sociais como falta de acesso à educação e estratégias que tornem estes detentos aptos a viver em sociedade e fugir da criminalidade que praticavam outrora. Outra realidade do sistema carcerário brasileiro é a marginalidade populacional onde predomina a incidência de prisões de minorias sociais em função da ausência de políticas públicas que possam extrair da realidade de violência cidadãos através da educação, instrução, capacitação e conscientização das regras da sociedade. Para isto, a pesquisa se fez baseada em extensa revisão bibliográfica que incluiu importantes artigos científicos, relatórios governamentais, livros e documentos acadêmicos que datam desde 2004 a 2023. Foram considerados estudos que abordem a ressocialização no sistema prisional, os desafios enfrentados nesse processo e possíveis soluções.
O CONTEXTO DA INFECÇÃO POR HEPATITE A ENTRE HOMENS QUE FAZEM SEXO COM HOMENS
Authors: Pureza Mônica Cristina da Gama , Nunes Heloisa Marceliano , Bernal Marcella Katheryne Marques , Chagas André Antonio Correa das , Sarmento Vânia Pinto , Araújo Junior José Raul Rocha de , Freitas Pedro Eduardo Bonfim , Malheiros Andreza Pinheiro , Ribeiro Beatriz Carvalho , Sagica Fernanda do Espirito Santo
Published: October 2023

A infecção por hepatite A ocorre em todo o mundo, as condições socioeconômicas, sanitárias e de higiene têm grande impacto no cenário epidemiológico dessa virose, A mudança da endemicidade de alta para intermediária/baixa da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite A (VHA) no Brasil tem ocasionado um deslocamento dessa infecção da infância para a vida adulta. Embora esse vírus seja transmitido, principalmente, pela via fecal oral, a hepatite A é considerada uma infecção sexualmente transmissível em homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH). A hepatite A foi incluída na Lista de Doenças de Notificação Compulsória e, desde então, a coleta de dados sobre a ocorrência dessa virose passou a compor as ações de vigilância epidemiológica. Deste modo o presente trabalho tem como objetivo: avaliar a prevalência da hepatite A e a vulnerabilidade entre homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH) na cidade de Belém, Pará, Brasil. O presente artigo objetivou fazer o levantamento bibliográfico sobre a ocorrência e suscetibilidade de hepatite A em HSH.  Utilizou-se a revisão narrativa da literatura de análise crítica, de caráter descritivo-discurso, bem como de conhecimento empírico adquirido pelos autores ao longo do processo ensino- aprendizagem e de pesquisa e extensão na área, para a estruturação de um modelo lógico- conceitual a respeito do contexto da infecção por hepatite A entre homens que fazem sexo com homens. A revisão contribui para elucidar futuras ações dentro do contexto das políticas de saúde, preventivas e de intervenções neste grupo de representantes vulneráveis, promovendo práticas de reduções de riscos dessa comunidade não só anível local, como também para todo o Brasil.
A VISÃO DA SOCIEDADE SOBRE A CONFIANÇA NA POLÍCIA MILITAR
Authors: Nakashima Maurício
Published: October 2023

A sociedade atual ainda mantém certa resistência em relação à confiança nas instituições de segurança pública, em especial à Polícia Militar. Isso se deve ao fato de haver certo distanciamento em decorrência de experiências desastrosas passadas. É possível diminuir esse distanciamento e isso depende da atuação tanto da sociedade como da Polícia Militar, apoiando um ao outro para que assim possam diminuir a criminalidade; a cooperação mútua e a proximidade aumentam consequentemente a confiança que a comunidade pode passar a ter. Ainda assim, é possível utilizar-se de instrumentos de divulgação dos êxitos obtidos nas atividades policiais que repercutem positivamente aos olhos da população, angariando ainda mais na sua credibilidade.
A LEITURA NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Alves Helida Rose Castelo Branco , Gomes Consuelo Conceição Ferreira , Ferreira Lucilene da Silva , Curado Silviane Márcia
Published: October 2023

O desenvolvimento da leitura deve ser promovido desde cedo. A participação da família nesse processo é de extrema importância para a criança desenvolver o hábito da leitura. Caso esse primeiro contato com o mundo da leitura não ocorra no âmbito familiar, cabe à escola iniciar esse trabalho. A escola é um espaço de educação formal que pode fomentar a boa interpretação, a compreensão e o compromisso com o mundo da leitura. A importância e a necessidade da leitura são enfatizadas por muitos educadores e foco de pesquisas por pesquisadores. Nesse sentido, este projeto educativo tem como objetivo identificar a importância da leitura na primeira infância. É apresentada uma breve compreensão histórica da leitura e de como a leitura pode afetar a vida de uma criança, tendo o professor como facilitador do processo.
TorchClim v1.0: A deep-learning framework for climate model physics
Authors: Fuchs David , Sherwood Steven C. , Prasad Abhnil , Trapeznikov Kirill , Gimlett Jim
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Climate models are hindered by the need to conceptualize and then parameterize complex physical processes that are not explicitly numerically resolved and for which no rigorous theory exists. Machine learning and artificial intelligence methods (ML/AI) offer a promising paradigm that can augment or replace the traditional parametrized approach with models trained on empirical process data. We offer a flexible and efficient framework, TorchClim, for inserting ML/AI physics surrogates that respect the parallelization of the climate model. A reference implementation of this approach is presented for the Community Earth System Model (CESM), where the authors substitute moist physics and radiative parametrization of the Community Atmospheric Model (CAM) with an ML/AI model. We show that a deep neural network surrogate trained on data from CAM itself can produce a stable model that reproduces the climate and variability of the original model, albeit with some biases. This framework is offered to the research community as an open-source project. The new framework seamlessly integrates into CAM's workflow and code-base and runs with negligible added computational cost, allowing rapid testing of various ML physics surrogates. The efficiency and flexibility of this framework open up new possibilities for using physics surrogates trained on offline data to improve climate model performance and better understand model physical processes.
Reaction of SO3 with H2SO4 and Its Implication for Aerosol Particle Formation in the Gas Phase and at the Air-Water Interface
Authors: Wang Rui , Cheng Yang , Hu Yue , Chen Shasha , Guo Xiaokai , Song Fengmin , Li Hao , Zhang Tianlei
Published: October 2023

Abstract. The reactions between SO3 and atmospheric acids are indispensable in improving the formation of aerosol particle. However, relative to those of SO3 with organic acids, the reaction of SO3 with inorganic acids has not received much attention. Here, we explore the atmospheric reaction between SO3 and H2SO4, a typical inorganic acid, in the gas phase and at the air-water interface by using quantum chemical (QC) calculations and Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations. We also report the effect of H2S2O7, the product of the reaction between SO3 and H2SO4, on new particle formation (NPF) in various environments by using the Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code kinetic model and the QC calculation. The present findings show that the gas phase reactions of SO3 + H2SO4 without and with water molecule are both low energy barrier processes. With the involvement of interfacial water molecules, H2O-induced the formation of S2O72-⋅⋅⋅H3O+ ion pair, HSO4- mediated the formation of HSO4-⋅⋅⋅H3O+ ion pair and the deprotonation of H2S2O7 were observed and proceeded on the picosecond time-scale. The present findings suggest the potential contribution of SO3-H2SO4 reaction to NPF and aerosol particle growth as the facts that i) H2S2O7 can directly participate in H2SO4-NH3-based cluster formation and can facilitate the fastest possible rate of NPF from H2SO4-NH3-based clusters by about a factor of 6.92 orders of magnitude at 278.15 K; and ii) the formed interfacial S2O72- can attract candidate species from the gas phase to the water surface, and thus, accelerate particle growth.
Early warnings of the transition to a superrotating atmospheric state
Authors: Williamson Mark S. , Lenton Timothy M.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Several general circulation models (GCMs) have showed bifurcations of their atmospheric state under a broad range of warm climates. These include some of the more extreme global warming scenarios. This bifurcation can cause the transition to a superrotating state, a state where its angular momentum exceeds the solid body rotation of the planet. Here we use an idealized GCM to simulate this transition by altering a single non-dimensional control parameter, the thermal Rossby number. For a bifurcation induced transition there is potential for early warnings and we look for these here. Typically used early warning indicators, variance and lag 1 autocorrelation, calculated for the mean zonal equatorial wind speed, increase and peak just before the transition. The full autocorrelation function taken at multiple lags is also oscillatory, with a period of 25 days preceding the transition. This oscillatory behaviour is reminiscent of a Hopf bifurcation. Motivated by this extra structure, we use a generalised early warning vector technique to diagnose the dominant spatial modes of the horizontal windfield fluctuations. We find a zonal wavenumber zero pattern we call the `precursor' mode, that appears shortly before and disappears soon after the transition. We attribute the increase in the early warning indicators to this spatial precursor mode.
Moist bias in the Paciﬁc upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) in climate models affects regional circulation patterns
Authors: Ploeger Felix , Birner Thomas , Charlesworth Edward , Konopka Paul , Müller Rolf
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Water vapour in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere is a key radiative agent and crucial factor in the Earth's climate system. The largest observed moisture anomaly in the lower stratosphere occurs in boreal summer in the Asian monsoon region, but global climate models face problems with simulating this moisture pattern and show a common regional moist bias above the Pacific. We demonstrate from combination of climate model experiments and atmospheric observations that the enhanced moisture in the Pacific lower stratosphere critically impacts regional circulation systems by inducing local longwave cooling. Related impacts involve a strengthening of isentropic potential vorticity gradients, strengthened westerlies in the Pacific westerly duct region, and a zonally extended anticyclonic monsoon circulation. Hence, improving regional biases in climate model simulated stratospheric water vapour appears to be an important factor for improving simulation of regional circulation systems, in particular in the Asian monsoon and Pacific region.
Construction and Application of Education Discourse Analysis for Functional Linguistic Influencing Gender Identity: From the Perspective Educational Cultural Values & Social Context
Authors: Wu Lina , Wan Fakhruddin Wan Farah Wani Binti
Published: October 2023

Educational culture is a community or society's values, conventions, and practices that guide educational systems and institutions. It includes schools, universities, informal learning contexts, pedagogical methodologies, curriculum design, and education attitudes. Gender identity based on male and female teachers and its impact at the empowerment of female teachers in education sector have garnered huge interest from researchers and students across numerous fields of examine. This particular study sought to delve into the connection between gender identity and female teacher empowerment in education sector, with a particular recognition on exploring the moderating function of Linguistic Discourse in education and the mediating role of educational cultural values and educational social context . A sample of 500 women spanning numerous areas and socioeconomic backgrounds inside the China become recruited, encompassing an age range of 18 to sixty five years. To acquire information, an online survey was employed, which integrated standardized measures of gender identity, cultural values, educational social context , and empowerment in education sector. Additionally, a comprehensive evaluation of participants' communication patterns and language usage in education sector was conducted to assess Educational linguistic discourse in education sector. Structured equation modeling was used to conduct statistical analysis. Results indicated that gender identity predicts female teacher empowerment in education sector significantly, and that educational cultural values and educational social context partially mediate this relationship. Women who held more progressive educational cultural values and perceived a more supportive social environment reported greater levels of empowerment. In addition, educational linguistic discourse in education moderated the relationship between gender identity and female teacher empowerment in a substantial way. The relationship between gender identity and empowerment was stronger among women who used more inclusive language and avoided gender stereotypes. These findings shed light on the complexity of female teacher empowerment in education and how gender identity, educational cultural values, educational social context, and language use shape women's experiences. The study emphasizes developing progressive educational cultural values and a supportive social environment in education sector to empower women and reduce gender inequities. The study emphasizes inclusive language and eliminating gender stereotypes to promote gender equality and women's empowerment.
A MICROSCOPY INVESTIGATION OF RUBBER COMPOUND CRACK PRECURSORS AND TENSILE FRACTURE SURFACES
Authors: Tunnicliffe Lewis B. , Robertson Christopher G. , Mars William V.
Published: October 2023

Tensile stress–strain testing is used to investigate the fracture behavior of carbon black–reinforced styrene–butadiene rubber, using 50 replicate specimens. Four vulcanized rubber compounds are studied: a CB-filled SBR with standard mixing conditions (control), the same formulation with intentional poor mixing of the CB, and materials identical to the control material but formed by adding minor amounts of 0.5-mm-diameter glass microspheres (beads)—serving as large model defects/inclusions—using a two-roll mill at two levels, corresponding to average values of 0.78 and 6.24 beads per gauge section region of the tensile test specimen. Microscopy analysis of the resulting fracture surfaces was conducted to complement our recent publication on Weibull failure statistics for distributions of tensile strength and crack precursor size. All 200 fractured specimens from tensile testing at 23°C were imaged with light microscopy and exhibited fracture surfaces characterized by relatively smooth planes perpendicular to the uniaxial loading direction. Most tensile failures originated from the edges of the dumbbell specimens, in line with expectations from fracture mechanics. Light microscopy revealed concentric fracture ring features of high specular reflectance emanating from crack precursors, which are a universal feature of the failure process for these compounds and independent of precursor type, size, or location. Noncontact interferometric microscopy confirmed that the rings resulted from variations in surface micro-roughness, proceeding outward from the precursor as rough–smooth–rough to the edge of the fracture surface. Fracture rings were also observed for tensile tests performed at 80°C. The variation in surface roughness of the fracture surface has parallels to the stick–slip tearing behavior seen for rubbers torn at medium to high rates. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that such striking features have been reported.
Antiangiogenic activity and the isolation of five phenolic compounds from Euphorbia milii ethyl acetate solvent extract
Authors: Al-Qrimli Ayah F. , H. B. Sahib , E. J. Kadim
Published: October 2023

Background: Euphorbia milii a medicinal plant from Euphorbia genus, has been used traditionally as a cure for cancer, warts and as a hepatoprotective agent in tropical areas like China, Myanmar, Brazil, and Pakistan. Previous literature investigated the effect of E. milii flower extract in some types of cancer cell lines. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the antiangiogenic activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of the methanolic crude extract of E. milii, in addition to the detection and isolation of some phenolic compounds. Materials and Methods: Detection of the phenolic compounds was achieved using TLC and HPLC chromatographic methods. Isolation was achieved by preparative layer chromatography based on Rf values. The isolated compounds were identified through HPLC and TLC, in addition to FTIR. The anti-angiogenic activity was evaluated employing rat aorta ring anti-angiogenesis assay. Results: Five phenolic compounds were isolated in this study namely, Luteolin, Apigenin, Isorhamnetin, Coumaric acid and Quercitrin. However phenolic compounds detected via TLC were, Silybin, Luteolin, Apigenin, Isorhamnetin, Coumaric acid and Quercitrin. Interestingly, HPLC detected Coumarin, Rutin, Catechin and Quercetin. Anti-angiogenesis assay found that E. milii ethyl acetate fraction inhibited new blood vessel growth significantly (p<0.05) by 94 + 3.6% as compared with DMSO negative control (0%), while when compared with Suramin positive control (100%) it showed no significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: E. milii showed significant anti angiogenic activity of its ethyl acetate fraction, suggesting the association of E. milii traditional use as anticancer and phenolic content, current data must be further evaluated.
Analytical Method Development and Validation for Estimation of Lapatinib in Formulation by RP-HPLC with Stability Indicating
Authors: Katolkar Parimal , Gaydhane Nikita , Vidhate Swati , Gattewar Apurva , Motghare Apeksha , Baheti Jagdish
Published: October 2023

Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) approach for Lapatinib in pharmaceutical dosage form development and validation. Reverse phase chromatography is easy, practical, and superior in terms of effectiveness, stability, and repeatability. Lapatinib was chosen to be separated using the C18 column, a 250 x 4.6 mm column with 5.0µm particle packing. As lapatinib was exhibiting good peak morphologies and a large amount of resolution, it was created with a mobile phase of water, methanol, and trifluroacetic acid (30:70:0.1) v/v. The analytes were detected at 262nm using a UV detector while the mobile phase was flowing at 1.1 ml/min. Specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, limit of detection, and limit of quantitation were used to develop the method and validate it.The method demonstrated a dynamic linear response at 25-75 µg/ml and was shown to be linear with a correlation coefficient (r2) of above 0.999 and limits of detection and quantitation (LOD and LOQ) of 0.45 and 1.35µg, respectively. Degradation of the sample was used to establish the stability indicating RP-HPLC procedures, which were then compared to standards. The relative standard deviation as a percentage was also less than 2%, demonstrating the suggested method's high level of precision.
Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory activity of Canavalia gladiata
Authors: Rokkam Rajesh , Pinipay Felicity , Kumar Paidi Hemanth , Rao Tamanam Raghava
Published: October 2023

The present study was done to determine whether scimitar bean or sword bean (Canavalia gladiata) seeds that had been stored for a year contained any proximate phytochemical equivalents and to assess their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In order of increasing polarity, hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol were employed to extract phytochemicals from sword bean seeds. Hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extract each had a phytochemical yield of 0.23%, 0.26%, and 1.46%, respectively. Quantitative analysis of the extracts revealed that methanol extract had the highest levels of total polyphenolic contents (TPC) (17.74±1.929mg of gallic acid equivalents/g DM) and total tannin contents (TTC) (49.94±1.94mg of tannic acid equivalents/g DM), while hexane extract had the highest levels of total flavonoid contents (TFC) (9.06±1.197mg of quercetin equivalents/g DM). In C. gladiata seed extracts, tannins made up the majority of all phytochemicals. The solvent extract from C. gladiata seeds also showed strong antioxidant activity as measured by the total antioxidant and DPPH assays. Based on the inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of the DPPH assay, the ethyl acetate extract was shown to be the most effective antioxidant of all extracts (12.68±0.027µg/ml). Anti-inflammatory properties of extracts were evaluated by the egg albumin denaturation method, heat-induced and hypo-tonicityinduced HRBC membrane stabilization methods. The results of the heat-induced HRBC membrane stabilization method with an IC50of 613.39±0.975 µg/ml and hypo-tonicity induced HRBC membrane stabilization method with an IC50of 185.91±11.008 µg/ml revealed that ethyl acetate extract has significantly higher anti-inflammatory activity whereas methanol extract has shown higher anti-inflammatory activity as per egg albumin denaturation method with an IC50of 636±3.51µg/ml. Results showed that C. gladiata seed contains varying levels of phytochemical equivalents and indicate that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential varied significantly and have a potential comparable to the standard drugs, ascorbic acid and Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT). Hence, C. gladiata seeds that have been stored for a year could be a good source of phytochemicalsand they can be used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and other formulations.
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (TDCS) in patients with Chronic Neuropatic pain with heat sensation: A Case Report
Authors: Arindany Wiryawan Reryd , Wahyuning Hadi Deby
Published: October 2023

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive therapy to modulate neuronal activity, thus can be used as an analgesic therapy in chronic pain. tDCS is done by placing electrodes to reduce the chronic pain threshold. This therapy has been widely used for several types of pain, but data has not been obtained for the treatment of heat sensation neuropathic pain.Male, 46th years old, came with complaints of heat pain in both palms and soles since 2017 when the patient is exposed to hot temperatures. The patient was given analgesics for approximately 4 years, however there is no improvement in the pain quality. Treatment using tDCS was carried out once, and resulted in reduction of the pain intensity, from NRS=7 to NRS=5.tDCS as non-invasive interventional therapy can be considered in chronic neuropathic pain heat sensation type in combination with oral analgesics therapy. This article aims to provide knowledge for the development of future tDCS clinical trials
Formulation and Optimization of Rivastigmine-Loaded PLGA and Chitosan Nanoparticles for Transdermal Delivery
Authors: Priya Sneh , Poornima Poornima , Lizzie Lobo Cynthia
Published: October 2023

Rivastigmine (RVT) is anti-Alzheimer with low bioavailability and with short elimination half-life due to significant first-pass metabolism. RVT is a hydrophilic drug because it has low permeability tothe skin. Therefore, in the present study, RVT-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) were formulated to improve drug permeation through the transdermal route. A polymeric nanoparticle of RVT was prepared (using the factorial design) and characterized using the biodegradable polymers, Poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) and Chitosan (CH) as carriers.PLGA NPs were prepared by the nano-precipitation method, while CH NPs were prepared by the ionic gelation method. The effect of formulation variables on particle size (PS), PDI, and percentage entrapment efficiency (%EE) of NPs were studied using factorial design and were optimized based on the responses' desirability, i.e., minimum particle size and PDI and maximum entrapment efficiency. The optimized PLGA NPs showed PS of 291.3nm, PDI of 0.296, and %EE of 75.31%, whereas CH NPS showed PS of 339.3 nm, PDI of 0.264, and %EE of 83.91%. DSC thermograms indicated that RT was dispersed as an amorphous state in both PLGA and CH NPs. TEM and SEM studies indicated that the NPs were spherical and smooth. In vitro release studies showed 52.7±1.07 and 75.02±0.97% release from PLGA NPs and CH NPs in 24 h, respectively, whereas from drug solution 92.21±1.11% with 2h.Optimized NPs were incorporated in the patch, and in vitro permeation studies were performed across the pork ear skin.The steady-state flux of PLGA and CH NPs merged patch, i.e., PPN and PCN, was 223.64 and 265.18µg/cm2.h respectively, whereas for pure RVT containing patch (PD) was shown to be 55.01µg/cm2. h after 24 hrs. Results indicated that the flux of PPN and PCN was 4.06 and 4.82 fold higher than PD. Proposed comparative studies of developed patches with marketed patches showed that the developed patch of drug-loaded in polymeric nanoparticles could be a potential alternative for exiting sold Exelon® patch.