bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HOT HARDNESS MEASUREMENTS ON MATERIALS UP TO 600 °C DURING THE FIRST HOUR OF USING
Authors: Passilly Bruno , Molenda Lara
Published: July 2020

In the aeronautical field, materials are used in severe environmental conditions (temperature, atmosphere, exposure time ...), particularly for engine applications. In order to characterize the use of these materials in the evaluation of their properties, it is necessary to carry out tests in conditions close to their operating environment. Hot hardness is a simple method which can be applied on many different materials such as oxidized layers, coatings, composite materials, brazing cords, additive manufacturing materials. ONERA is developing micromechanical characterization means to carry out Vickers microhardness tests from room temperature up to 600 °C. In principle, a pyramidal punch is applied on the surface of a material and the applied load is continuously measured during indenter’s moving in the material. The material is tested locally under conditions close to the actual conditions of employment. The goal of this research is to improve microindentation in order to achieve temperature test campaigns up to 600 °C under a controlled atmosphere of argon and to validate a method to produce a series of results during the first hour of using up to 600 °C. Stainless material is studied to compare the evolution of its hot hardness properties versus different parameters such as load, holding time at the maximum load, atmosphere, and thermal duration. A discussion about these measurements and the technical limits of hot hardness technology is presented.
PELES NEGRAS DE UMA CENA TEATRAL
Authors: DUMAS ALEXANDRA
Published: July 2020

Resumo

As produções teatrais negrorreferenciadas vêm se fortalecendo no cenário brasileiro atual. Representatividade na composição da equipe, problematização acerca da identidade conceitual e ontológica do corpo negro, proposições e experimentações de processos afrocentrados, reformulação de referenciais na construção dramatúrgica de personagens e temáticas são alguns elementos que marcam a atualidade brasileira do chamado Teatro Negro e, aqui, servem como ponto de observação da peça Pele Negra, Máscaras Brancas (2019), da Cia de Teatro da UFBA. 

 

Palavras-chave: epistemologias negras, Frantz Fanon, teatro negro.
AÇÕES PERFORMÁTICAS NEGRAS
Authors: Machado Janaína
Published: July 2020

Este texto traz reflexões sobre a construção da gramática corporal negra contestatória construída como ação performática contra hegemônica. Para tanto, sob o escopo de um estudo comparativo, a análise pretende suscitar a construção do corpo-político e discursivo-negro como estratégia de ação contra hegemônica, responsiva e dialógica como elementos estruturantes das intervenções políticas performáticas que arquitetam a criação nas performances: “Prato à moda da Casa- restaurante Senzala”, “Marca-dor” e “Em legítima Defesa”. A metodologia da analise visa articular o conceito de contra hegemonia proposta por Antonio Gramsci aos estudos de responsividade e dialogismo de Mikhail Bakhtin. Contudo, objetiva-se evidenciar o processo de construção político-discursivo negro como estratégia de ação de uma gramática corporal negra contestatória.
A ABORDAGEM DE CRIAÇÃO E O COMPARTILHAMENTO DA FUNÇÃO DA ENCENAÇÃO EM UM PROCESSO COLABORATIVO
Authors: Berselli Marcia , Gedoz Tieppo Juliana
Published: July 2020

O artigo busca apresentar e analisar aspectos relativos à criação em modo colaborativo em um processo que teve como particularidade o compartilhamento da função da encenação por duas encenadoras. Trata-se do processo de criação que culminou com o acontecimento cênico Não há ninguém, desenvolvido por artistas (professores e estudantes) em contexto universitário. São analisados as abordagens e os procedimentos de criação selecionados como suporte ao processo criativo, destacando a pluralidade de autorias e a valorização do repertório de cada colaborador.
Reseña / Teoría y metodología de la extensión universitaria: el caso argentino
Authors: Villa Mariana Natalia
Published: July 2020

El propósito de este libro es constituir un aporte para la construcción de un recorrido histórico, social y económico de las concepciones teóricas y metodológicas nacionales e internacionales sobre extensión universitaria, con el fin de analizar e interpretar la relación entre la teoría y la práctica de extensión y, a su vez, la relación de esta con la investigación, la docencia y otros posicionamientos que han surgido en los cuatro primeros Congresos Nacionales de Extensión Universitaria de Argentina.
Poultry and Prisons
Authors: Freshour Carrie
Published: July 2020

Poultry-processing work lies within a larger web of carceral geographies that extend beyond the prison walls into factory floors, neighborhoods, and schools. These geographies depend on and are produced through racism, as the production of unequal vulnerability to premature death. Racial capitalism connects the poultry plant to the prison alongside the movement for abolition beyond the prison.
The Yellow Plague and Romantic Anticapitalism
Authors: Day Iyko
Published: July 2020

COVID-19 is a great revealer, laying bare the structures of racial disposability that have sacrificed people, from migrant detainees to meat packers. We are also witness to the rise of anti-Asian violence. Brutal attacks against Asian Americans have exposed the fraudulence of the model minority myth and the assimilationist paradigm that legitimizes state violence against Black and Brown bodies.
Racial Capital from Pan-Africanism and Coloniality to Epistemic Rupture
Authors: Benjamin Jesse
Published: July 2020

The history and nature of racial capitalism remain primary questions of our times. Its true significance and gravity threaten to reveal everything about our contemporary world, from our immediate social arrangements to the global system. Within this, corporate power and the hegemonic culture shape the world at the limits of our perceptions. We must simultaneously engage the contemporary politics of knowledge production around these issues, both within the academy and in popular culture.
La producción de las corporalidades en la Plaza Foch: Miedo y separación social
Authors: Andrade Proaño Ruth Valeria
Published: July 2020

Esta investigación se pregunta, cómo se lleva a cabo el proceso a través del cual se construyen ciertas corporalidades hegemónicas en la Plaza Foch de la ciudad de Quito y, cómo a partir de ellas se generan nuevas formas y procesos de separación social. Se plantea el cuerpo como el lugar de encarnación de estructuras sociales y lugar de conocimiento; pero ante todo, como agente operador de prácticas sociales y cambios políticos, que aparece y desaparece en la construcción de sentido individual y colectivo, mediante sus formas de representación y performance que se inscriben en las lógicas de los espacios, en este caso, público. La plaza como espacio público por excelencia, articula y estructura lógicas sociales, culturales, económicas, cuyas políticas de gestión están abocadas a la producción de servicios y consumo. Este proceso se enmarca en cambios urbanísticos de renovación, propios de las transformaciones globales de las ciudades contemporáneas.
Taxonomy of Mitigation Devices in English Language
Authors: Ali Aso I. , Salih Salah M.
Published: July 2020

Language mitigation refers to strategies that people adopt to avoid face-threatening situations in conversation and thereby to linguistically repair the damage done to someone’s face by what one says or does. Previously, several studies investigating mitigation have been carried out from different perspectives, depending on the point of view adopted by each scholar. Some studies thus far have linked mitigation with politeness, whereas other studies have dealt with mitigation as an independent subject. Literature on mitigation abounds with reference to politeness strategies, euphemisms, hedges and other devices, yet there sounds to be no clear attempt to establish what substantiates mitigation. On this point, Caffi (2007, p.48) maintains that in politeness research, the notion of mitigation has so far mainly been used with reference to the set of strategies interlocutors employ to attenuate the impact of what Brown and Levinson (1987) call ‘face-threatening acts’ (FTAs). The present study is designed to develop a taxonomy of mitigation types, devices, functions and strategies adopted by English language users as interpersonal goals. It also provides additional evidence with respect to the use of mitigating devices to soften illocutionary force of speech acts which are unwelcome to addresses. As for mitigation devices, there are seven major devices: Indirect Speech Acts, Tag Questions, Parenthetical Verbs, Disclaimers, Impersonal Constructions, Hedges, and Euphemism, though this last type is not referred to as a main type in previous studies. The latter two types (Hedges and Euphemism) are the backbone of mitigation devices as they subsume a variety of forms and functions. Semantic procedures are the most effective ones as they result in less direct or understated meanings.
Misrepresentation of The Druse Community in Browning’s Unsuccessful Tragedy
Authors: Fahmi Ismael M. , Dabbagh Lanja A.
Published: July 2020

There are a number of literary texts which earn their raison d’etre from the exotic nature or unfamiliar features in the subject matter of the creative work. One of the brilliant and of standing poets of all ages is Robert Browning. Robert Browning (1812-1889) chose a literary genre alien to his powers as a poet, and a topic beyond the range of a man who had little firsthand knowledge of the Levant. Since he had the power to transfer historical stories magically to forever recited and read poems all over the world and through all ages till the recent one. This poet composed a tragic play entitled The return of the Druses (1843). Literary histories tell us that it was a failure on all accounts. One of the logical reasons for this failure was presumably Browning’s ignorance of the culture he wished to depict in this work. This article is an analysis of the play, to which very little attention was paid even by the specialists in Browning studies. The conclusion is that Browning provided for the readers and spectators a rather weak image of the Druses as individuals and as a community. They are shown to be gullible and misguided as a community. Their leadership is shown as cunning, dishonest, and Machiavellian.
CFD Investigation of A New Elliptical-Bladed Multistage Savonius Rotors
Authors: Mrigua Khalid , Toumi Abdelghani , Zemamou Mounia , Ouhmmou Bader , Lahlou Yahya , Aggour Mohammed
Published: July 2020

The Savonius-conventional wind turbine is a class of wind turbines designed with a vertical axis. It has a good starting capacity and   an insensitivity to wind direction. It works relatively at low wind speed in an easy installation. Savonius wind turbine faces major drawbacks, including some of the low efficiency and high negative torque created by the returning blade. Many attempts have been undertaken to optimize the blade’s shape to increase the performance of these wind turbines. The vertical axis is still under development. The elliptical-blades with a cut angle equal 47.50° have recently shown enhanced performance. In this study, we investigate the effect of Elliptical-bladed multistage Savonius Rotors (rotor aspect ratio, stage aspect ratio) on the performance by means of numerical simulation. The results obtained by comparison of one, two, and three-stage rotors indicate that the maximum power coefficient increase with a number of the stages (for the rotors with similar RAR of 0.7). Moreover, for the rotors with similar SAR of 0.7, the two stages have the highest performance than others.
Effects of salt stress on antioxidant and ascorbate glutathione cycle enzyme activities in Pokkali rice varieties – Vytilla 1-9
Authors: Simon Lins , Yusuf Akkara
Published: July 2020

The enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels in the released salt tolerant Pokkali, (vytilla, VTL 1-9) varieties were studied under different NaCl concentrations (0-150 mM NaCl). The specific activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants like superoxide (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AsA) was determined in plants exposed to salt stress. IR-28 was used as positive control and the VTL varieties were used as negative control. The H2O2 and superoxide (O2-) contents were higher in IR-28 at all the applied concentrations of NaCl. The VTL varieties without salt treatment did not evoke any response substantiating the role of salt priming in antioxidant signalling. The MDA contents were higher in the positive and negative control. MDA content was reduced in the NaCl treated VTL varieties. In the positive and negative control varieties, the quantity of ascorbate and glutathione contents were lesser and upregulated in salt treated VTL varieties. Highest H2O2 content was observed in 150 mM NaCl treatment. The H2O2 contents decreased with the increase in all concentrations of NaCl and lowest H2O2 contents was observed in VTL-1 and highest in VTL-2 and VTL-8 treated with 150 mM NaCl. Superoxide contents varied in all the nine varieties depending on the salt concentration. The SOD levels in all the varieties showed a positive correlation with the superoxide and H2O2 content. Lesser quantities of SOD, CAT and the ascorbate - glutathione cycle enzymes were expressed in the positive and negative control. The increased NaCl concentration (25-150 mM) upregulated antioxidant and ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes in the VTL varieties. The APX activity was lower in the control and salt treated plants. The GR activity increased linearly in all the varieties with respect to salt concentrations. The MDHAR and DHAR activities showed marginally linear increase, with all concentrations of NaCl. The APX activity was similar or lower to MDHAR activity while DHAR activity was similar to MDHAR activity. The results of the present study reveals the higher levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants under salt stress reflect the salt tolerance potential of pokkali varieties mediated by the up regulation of ROS scavenging enzymes.
An overlooked new variety of Tritaxis glabella from India with a note on the consequent new synonyms of Croton lawianus (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Chakrabarty Tapas , Krishna Gopal
Published: July 2020

In connection with the taxonomic revision of the family Euphorbiaceae in India, an overlooked new variety,Tritaxis glabella (Thwaites) R.Y. Yu & Welzen var. praetervisa Chakrab. & G.Krishna, endemic to India, has been described which was going so far under misapplied names representing Croton lawianus Nimmo. Consequently, three new synonyms have been added to the latter name.
Length variation of chloroplast simple sequence repeats in the genus Eucalyptus L'Hér.
Authors: Kumar Sonu , Shanker Asheesh
Published: July 2020

Eucalyptus L'Hér. is an economically important genus of plants with several environmental significances and great industrial advantages. To accelerate breeding and conservation studies, efforts on molecular breeding and molecular genetic analysis are underway in the genus Eucalyptus. Despite these efforts, no sufficient information is available about common, polymorphic and unique chloroplast simple sequence repeats (cpSSRs) in the genus Eucalyptus. . These repeats consist of 1-6 nucleotides and play important role in the development of molecular markers, genetic mapping and plant breeding. In the present study, a total of 920 cpSSRs were detected and length variation of cpSSRs analysed between each pair of species among 31 chloroplast genome sequences of the genus Eucalyptus. Additionally, cross species transferability of common and polymorphic cpSSRs were also observed. The common, unique and putative polymorphic cpSSRs analysed in this study can be used for species identification and genetic diversity studies of Eucalyptus.
Seed priming for alleviation of heavy metal toxicity in plants: An overview
Authors: Prajapati Rajkumar , Kataria Sunita , Jain Meeta
Published: July 2020

Heavy metal (HM) toxicity is vital environmental constraint that limits crop productivity worldwide. Several physiological processes necessary for plant survival have been found to be affected by HM toxicity. In recent farming, advanced mechanisms are being developed to overcome from the stresses to enhance the yield. The seed priming is an affordable method for plants to survive under abiotic and biotic stresses. Priming is useful for commercial seed lots by seed technologists to increase the vigor of the seeds in terms of germination potential and enhance the tolerance against various stresses. It also removes the pollution threats by minimizing the uses of chemical fertilizers. The seeds having deprived of quality in terms of seed germination and seedling characters ultimately affect the growth, photosynthetic performance and yield of the plants under HM stress. On the other hand seed primed with various seed priming methods such as hydropriming, hormonal priming, chemical priming, biopriming, magnetopriming and nanopriming perform well under HM toxicity. Seed priming methods have been considered as a unique approach to get rid of HM stress by enhancing the seed germination, seedling vigor, rate of photosynthesis, biomass accumulation and thus increase the crop productivity. The present review provides an overview of different seed-priming methods and their role in alleviation of adverse effects of HM stress in plants.
Assessment of diversity and physico-chemical parameters of cyanobacteria, diatoms and other algal species in the paddy fields of Belagavi district, Karnataka
Authors: Jayagoudar Santoshkumar , Bhat Pradeep , Magdum Ankita , Sakreppagol Duradundi , Murgod Laxmi , Patil Laxmi , Jadhav Poonam , Belagali Soumya , Gaddanakeri Sushmita , Sanaki Ujwala
Published: July 2020

Algae are the diverse group of organisms in the soil and aquatic environment. The role of them in soil fertility enhancement has been extensively studied worldwide. Belagavi is a tropical agricultural belt in the North Karnataka region with highly fertile soil. Water and soil samples were collected randomly from the paddy field of 15–20 well-distributed spots in 4 selected locations viz Kusumali, Jamboti, Kinaye and Piranwadi. The identification revealed the presence of 94 species and 71 genera in the investigated sites. Among all, 62 species belonged to Bacillariophyceae, 14 species to Chlorophyceae, 10 species to Cyanophyceae, 3 to Xanthophyceae, followed by Trebouxiophyceae and Zygnematophyceae (2 species each) and one species of Ulvophyceae. The maximum number of 62 species was recorded from Kusamali, followed by 49 species in Kinaye, 44 in Jamboti and 35 in Piranwadi. The month of February had the highest number of species (61), decreased to 45 in March, 42 in April and 37 in May. Among the physicochemical parameters analysed for the soil samples, it was found that the pH of the soil is slightly acidic in all the study sites ranged between 5.03–5.85. Further, the electrical conductivity (EC) varied from 0.27–0.345 dS/m, found to be in a good range. Estimation of available micro and macronutrients of soil were measured, and it was found to be at low to moderate levels. The present study indicates the extensive distribution of different classes of algae in the rice fields of four study locations in Belagavi.
Genetic diversity in threatened plant species Alnus nitida (Spach.) Endel
Authors: Khan Muhammad Khalil Ullah , Muhammad Noor , Uddin Nisar , Ali Niaz , Umer Muhammad , Ullah Shariat
Published: July 2020

Alnus nitida (Spach) Endl. is an ethnobotanically important threatened plant species. The genetic diversity among the 50 different genotypes of Alnus nitida was carried out using sodium dodecyl sulfate poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) characterization. A considerable amount of genetic diversity (90%) was observed among the genotypes of A. nitida. The protein characterization was carried out on 12% gel electrophoresis. A total of 10 protein bands were detected in A. nitida genotypes. SDS-PAGE procedure is a useful method for the investigation of both genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship. Especially, B-5 was monomorphic in A. nitida genotypes and was considered as species specific. All other bands/loci were polymorphic. These polymorphic bands displayed 12, 16, 72, 88, 2, 44, 84, 54 and 12 percent variation respectively. In the present examination, the high intra-specific diversity was observed representing SDS-PAGE is a powerful tool for determining the genetically diverse germplasms in A. nitida. The results obtained by this study could be helpful in the identification and selection of desired genotypes of Alnus nitida for conservation programmes in future. Today, there is still a need to assess genetic variation and protect genetic resources, especially of wild species for prospective benefits in plant conservation programmes.
New generic records of grasses from Tripura, India
Authors: Ghosh Sampa , Bhattacharyya Debjyoti
Published: July 2020

Five species of grasses (Gramineae, nom. alt. Poaceae) namely Eriochloa procera (Retz.) C. E. Hubb., Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult., Perotis indica (L.) Kuntze, Phalaris minor Retz. and Pseudoraphis brunoniana (Griff.) Pilg. are reported here for the first time from Tripura, India. Literature review revealed that all are the first representative species under respective genus from the state which eventually proclaim five new generic records of grasses from the state of Tripura. Brief description with illustration, habitat, phenology of all the species are presented. Field photographs are also given for facilitating easy identification.
The genus Eugenia L. (Myrtaceae) in India
Authors: Shareef S M , Kumar E S Santhosh
Published: July 2020

This paper provides a comprehensive taxonomic account of the genus Eugenia L. occurring in India. A total of 25 species and two varieties have been enumerated, of which 21 taxa are endemic to the Western Ghats. Eugenia macrosepala, an endemic species of the Western Ghats is reinstated here. Each species is provided with a short description, well known synonyms, types, distribution and phenology. An identification key is also provided.
On the invisibility and impact of Robert Hooke’s theory of gravitation
Authors: Guicciardini Niccolò
Published: July 2020

Robert Hooke’s theory of gravitation is a promising case study for probing the fruitfulness of Menachem Fisch’s insistence on the centrality of trading zone mediators for rational change in the history of science and mathematics. In 1679, Hooke proposed an innovative explanation of planetary motions to Newton’s attention. Until the correspondence with Hooke, Newton had embraced planetary models, whereby planets move around the Sun because of the action of an ether filling the interplanetary space. Hooke’s model, instead, consisted in the idea that planets move in the void space under the influence of a gravitational attraction directed toward the sun. There is no doubt that the correspondence with Hooke allowed Newton to conceive a new explanation for planetary motions. This explanation was proposed by Hooke as a hypothesis that needed mathematical development and experimental confirmation. Hooke formulated his new model in a mathematical language which overlapped but not coincided with Newton’s who developed Hooke’s hypothetical model into the theory of universal gravitation as published in the Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1687). The nature of Hooke’s contributions to mathematized natural philosophy, however, was contested during his own lifetime and gave rise to negative evaluations until the last century. Hooke has been often contrasted to Newton as a practitioner rather than as a “scientist” and unfavorably compared to the eminent Lucasian Professor. Hooke’s correspondence with Newton seems to me an example of the phenomenon, discussed by Fisch in his philosophical works, of the invisibility in official historiography of “trading zone mediators,” namely, of those actors that play a role, crucial but not easily recognized, in promoting rational scientific framework change.
Os fanzines e o posicionamento ideolóxico. Poden transmitir posicións ideolóxicas os fanzines?
Authors: Mariño Ramón
Published: July 2020

Resumo: As publicacións amateurs denominadas fanzines colleron forza a partir dos anos 70 do século XX para expresaren ideas e posicións de grupos considerados á marxe do común, do habitual e das grandes cadeas de consumo mediático. O seguinte artigo busca dar resposta á pregunta de se as persoas que crean, editan e distribúen fanzines o fan motivadas por unha postura ou posición ideolóxica. Para este artigo pártese da tese doutoral O fanzine e a ruptura do monopolio da mensaxe. Uso dos fanzines como medios informativos e de expresión en Galicia. 1990-2005, de Ramón Fernández Mariño (2015). A partir deste documento recóllense tanto a definición de fanzine como de ideoloxía, para buscar os elos que permitan ter unha resposta acaída academicamente á pregunta que se presenta neste artigo.
La agenda ciudadana y la percepción del desempeño institucional: el caso de Castilla y León (2015-2019)
Authors: Soto  Sainz Oliver , Gracia Vega Eva , Sánchez Medero Gema
Published: July 2020

El proceso de conformación de la agenda política se ha descrito como una interacción entre las agendas de los medios de comunicación y la agenda denominada “ciudadana”. En todo este proceso se ha estudiado en qué medida se imponen unas u otras agendas a la hora de conformarse la agenda pública. No obstante, cuando atendemos a los niveles infraestatales, observamos que ciudadanos y medios incorporan como parte de sus agendas cuestiones referenciales que no tienen un correlato directo con su entorno. En este artículo estudiamos en qué medida, para el caso de Castilla y León, la agenda ciudadana está al margen de las agendas mediática y política de su región, conformando una situación de disgregación y distanciamiento que tiene un efecto directo en el desempeño percibido de su comunidad autónoma.
Políticas Públicas Basadas en Evidencia: una revisión del concepto y sus características
Authors: Chaverri Chaves Pablo , Arguedas Ramírez Ana
Published: July 2020

Este artículo presenta una revisión del enfoque de Políticas Públicas Basadas en Evidencia (PPBE), abordando su significado, así como algunas de sus principales características, para lo cual inicia ofreciendo una introducción que las sitúe en contexto, luego de lo cual ingresa propiamente a tratar de definir las PPBE. Seguidamente, se enfoca en el concepto de evidencia, para aclarar su naturaleza, tipos, formas de obtención, usos, así como su adopción en la toma de decisiones. Posteriormente, se centra en la evaluación de políticas públicas, para seguir con una identificación de ventajas y desventajas de las PPBE y cerrar con unas conclusiones reflexivas sobre este modelo.
A A construção de políticas públicas para a sustentabilidade urbana
Authors: Dias da-Silva Alex
Published: July 2020

Nas últimas décadas, o poder público tem cada vez mais se esforçado a incorporar as políticas públicas na agenda do desenvolvimento sustentável, isso em decorrência do processo de crescimento desordenado das cidades. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desse trabalho é investigar sobre a constituição de políticas governamentais que fomentam a Agricultura Urbana, como instrumento de sustentabilidade urbana, na cidade de João Pessoa-PB. Por ser um fenômeno recente, a presença de marco legislativo específico para a promoção da Agricultura Urbana deve ser analisada. A metodologia empregada foi pesquisa qualitativa, de natureza descritiva e exploratória. O trabalho revelou a existência de políticas públicas que o governo municipal vem fomentando, desde o ano de 1993, o desenvolvimento de ações voltadas para a gestão e o aperfeiçoamento das práticas de Agricultura Urbana.
Soja, glifosato y salud humana. Algunas evidencias en el Chaco Seco Argentino
Authors: Longhi Fernando , Bianchi Sebastian
Published: July 2020

En las últimas décadas del siglo XX y las primeras del siglo XXI el Chaco Seco Argentino (conocido también como Chaco Salteño o Umbral al Chaco), atravesó un intenso proceso de deforestación asociado al avance de la frontera agropecuaria. El paquete soja transgénica-glifosato (su herbicida asociado) fue el principal protagonista de dicho proceso. En el amplio debate existente sobre los efectos del glifosato sobre la salud humana no es suficiente la evidencia epidemiológica sobre dicha relación. Estos son los principales aportes de esta propuesta, los cuales operan sobre bases estadísticas de mortalidad.
PROSPEK USAHA JAMUR TIRAM PUTIH DI PONDOK PESANTREN
Authors: Rochaeni Siti Rochaeni
Published: July 2020

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah : 1) Menganalisis biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk usaha jamur tiram putih; 2) Menganalisis pendapatan usaha jamur tiram putih; 3) Mengetahui prospek usaha jamur tiram putih.Metode pengolahan data menggunakan metode tabulasi dengan bantuan Software Microsoft Excel 2010. Analisis data menggunakan metode kuantitatif dilakukan dengan analisis finansial untuk mengetahui besar biaya, tingkat pendapatan, dan kelayakan usaha jamur tiram putih.Berdasarkan hasil analisis finansial diketahui bahwa besar biaya yang dikeluarkan adalah sebesar Rp 149.463.813,- yang terdiri atas biaya tetap sebesar Rp 13.948.313,-, biaya variabel Rp 135.515.500,-. Usaha jamur tiram putih memperoleh pendapatan bersih sebesar Rp 55.286.187,- selama tahun 2017 yang menandakan bahwa usaha tersebut menguntungkan. Usaha jamur tiram putih layak serta memiliki prospek yang baik untuk terus dilanjutkan mengingat perolehan pendapatan yang sangat menguntungkan. Hal ini juga ditunjang dengan beberapa hasil dari analisis usaha, yaitu analisis R/C rasio 1.40, analisis B/C rasio 0.40, yang menyatakan bahwa usaha tersebut menguntungkan
INCOME COMPARISON ON INTENSIFICATION AND NON INTENSIFICATION OF RUBBER FARMERS IN MONTERADO VILLAGE, MONTERADO DISTRICT, BENGKAYANG REGENCY KOMPARASI PENDAPATAN PETANI KARET INTENSIFIKASI DAN NON INTENSIFIKASI DI DESA MONTERADO KECAMATAN MONTERADO KABUPATEN BENGKAYANG
Authors: Kurniawan Frans Hengky
Published: July 2020

Perkebunan karet di Indonesia memiliki peranan penting, baik ditinjau dari segi sosial maupun ekonomi. Petani dalam melaksanakan budidaya karet sebagian besar masih bersifat konvensional. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pendapatan dan nyata perbedaan pendapatan petani karet dengan menggunakan dua metode yaitu metode usahatani intensifikasi dan non intensifikasi. Penelitian ini dimulai pada bulan November 2018 hingga bulan Desember 2018 di Desa Monterado, Kecamatan Monterado, Kabupaten Bengkayang, Kalimantan Barat. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah Stratified Random Sampling(SRS) dengan metode alokasi proporsional dan total sampel 58 orang. Hasil analisis ini menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan rata-rata petani karet di Desa Montado, Kecamatan Monterado, Kabupaten Bengkayang, yang menerapkan intensifikasi produk usaha pertanian Rp. 5.533.198,46/ha/tahun. Sedangkan petani yang tidak membudidayakan intensifikasi memperoleh Rp. 3.206.725,00/ha/tahun. Ada perbedaan antara pendapatan karet rata-rata antara petani yang menerapkan intensifikasi pertanian karet dan yang tidak menerapkan non intensifikasi. Perbedaan pendapatan rata-rata adalah Rp. 2.267.797,07, dan perbedaan tersebut berkisar antara Rp. 2.020.110,99 sampai Rp. 2.515.483,14.
Religious, Economic, and Political Shifting in Inheritance System of Suku Anak Dalam
Authors: Mustika Dian , Dastina Wenny
Published: July 2020

Suku Anak Dalam is known as an isolated community in Jambi adhering to animism and dynamism. However, in the last few decades, some of Suku Anak Dalam people have converted to Islam. This article examines the changes in the inheritance system, and factors influencing them. This study uses qualitative analysis with a socio-legal perspective. Data was collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. The result reveals that, in practice, the use of customary inheritance law seems to be more dominant than Islamic inheritance law. Furthermore, the shifting in the inheritance system could be seen in the inheritance distribution methods and inheritance classification. These changes are influenced by the religious conversion, social interaction with incomers and their migrations to other regions. AbstrakSuku Anak Dalam dikenal sebagai kelompok masyarakat terasing di Jambi. Mereka  menganut kepercayaan animisme dan dinamisme. Namun, dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, Suku Anak Dalam telah melakukan konversi agama menjadi Islam. Artikel ini mengkaji tentang bentuk pergeseran sistem kewarisan ini serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis kualitatif dalam perspektif normatif-sosiologis. Sementara itu, pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam praktiknya, berlaku dualisme hukum, yaitu hukum waris Islam dan hukum waris adat. Namun, penggunaan hukum waris adat terlihat lebih dominan dibandingkan hukum waris Islam. Selanjutnya, pergeseran sistem kewarisan, di antaranya terlihat pada proses pewarisan hingga perubahan bentuk dan penggolongan harta waris. Terjadinya pergeseran nilai ini dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, di antaranya: konversi agama, interaksi sosial dengan pendatang, dan migrasi ke wilayah lain.
The Implementation of Shari’a in Aceh: Between the Ideal and Factual Achievements
Authors: Suma Muhammad Amin , Nurdin Ridwan , Umam Irfan Khairul
Published: July 2020

Aceh becomes the only region in Indonesia, where Islamic law is formally implemented. This paper aims at discussing the implementation of shari’a in Aceh, to compare between its ideal and factual achievements. Employing a qualitative socio-legal approach, data is obtained from interviews with the chairperson of Ulama’s Consultative Assembly (Majelis Permusyawaratan Ulama), head of Shari’a Office (Dinas Syariah), scholars, and community leaders. Apart from that, an observation was undertaken to record the process of whipping punishment. This study finds out that shari’a implementation in Aceh has been sufficiently supported by shari’a institutions (MPU and Shari’a Office), religious figures, community, and available punishment execution for the violators. However, some aspects need to be improved, especially those that are related to the role of other law enforcers such as police, prosecutors, and judges; and sustainable socialization.  AbstrakAceh menjadi satu-satunya provinsi di Indonesia yang menerapkan syariat Islam secara formal. Penelitian ini  mengkaji penerapan syariah di Aceh dengan membandingkan antara yang ideal sebagaimana diharapkan dan yang faktual. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan sosio-legal, data diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan Majelis Permusyawaratan Ulama, Dinas Syariah, akademisi, dan tokoh masyarakat. Selain itu, observasi dilakukan untuk melihat pelaksanaan hukuman cambuk.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi syariah di Aceh sudah didukung dengan institusi syariah (MPU dan Dinas Syariah), dan tokoh agama, masyarakat. Adanya eksekusi bagi pelanggar hukum menguatkan pelaksanaa syariah di daerah itu. Akan tetapi, ada pula aspek-aspek yang perlu ditingkatkan, yaitu peran penegak hukum seperti polisi, jaksa, hakim, dan juga keberlangsungan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat.
Comparing Software Determination of Readmission Preventability With Chart Review, Provider, and Family Assessments
Authors: Rodriguez Victoria A. , Goodman Denise M. , Bayldon Barbara , Budin Lee , Michelson Kelly N. , Bunag Kimberly , Rychlik Karen , Schroeder Sangeeta K.
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVES:

To explore the concordance between software, chart reviewer, provider, and parent perspectives when assessing whether readmissions are preventable or clinically related to the initial admission.

METHODS:

Providers and parents of patients readmitted within 3 days to a tertiary children’s hospital were enrolled in this single-site observational study. 3M Potentially Preventable Readmissions Grouping Software, chart reviewers, discharge and readmission providers, and parents assessed if readmissions were clinically related to the index admission or potentially preventable. Agreement between perspectives was measured by using Cohen’s κ values.

RESULTS:

The software found 67 of 118 (57%) clinically related readmissions; the identical 67 of 118 cases (57%) were found to be potentially preventable. Chart reviewers found 107 of 125 (86%) clinically related and 60 of 125 (47%) preventable readmissions compared to 68 of 92 (74%) and 27 of 92 (28%) for discharge physicians and 69 of 93 (74%) and 33 of 93 (34%) for readmitting physicians. Parents reported 9 of 36 (25%) preventable readmissions. Cohen κ values revealed no to minimal agreement on clinical relatedness of readmissions between software and chart reviewer, discharge provider, and readmission provider (0.12–0.20), whereas chart reviewers and providers had weak to moderate agreement with each other (0.43–0.75). There was no to minimal agreement on preventability between software and the other perspectives (−0.04 to 0.21), whereas chart reviewers and providers had minimal to weak agreement (0.27–0.56).

CONCLUSIONS:

Measurement of preventable readmissions remains problematic, and using financial penalties for readmissions on the basis of software determinations may be unwise given low levels of agreement. Chart review supplemented by information from providers and families offers a more inclusive way to identify potentially preventable readmissions.
Increased Adiposity Associated With Increased Length of Stay for Infants With Bronchiolitis
Authors: Haag Meredith B. , Goldfarb Jesse , Austin Jared P. , Noelck Michelle , Foster Byron A.
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVES:

Excess adiposity upregulates proinflammatory adipokines in infancy that have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis. The association between excess adiposity and severity of disease in bronchiolitis is unclear. We sought to examine the association between adiposity and length of hospitalization and risk of PICU transfer in children with bronchiolitis.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study examining infants 24 months and younger hospitalized at an academic children’s hospital with bronchiolitis, grouped by weight status (BMI z score and ponderal index). Data were extracted from the medical record, including the following relevant covariates: age, sex, race and/or ethnicity, and International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes. Outcomes included length of stay (LOS) and PICU transfer. We used multiple regression to examine the association between each anthropometric measure and LOS and likelihood of PICU transfer.

RESULTS:

There were 765 children in the final sample, 599 without a significant comorbidity (eg, prematurity, congenital heart disease). The median LOS was 2.8 days (interquartile range 1.7–4.9 days). LOS increased with increasing ponderal index quartile (P = .001). After accounting for age and significant comorbidities, we used multivariable regression to identify a significant association between increasing ponderal index and LOS (P = .04) and no association between BMI and LOS. Logistic regression did not reveal an association between either anthropometric measure and PICU transfer.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this study, we identified an association between a measure of excess adiposity in infants and length of hospitalization for bronchiolitis. Further work is needed to confirm this association, examine potential mechanisms, and account for other potential confounders.
Reducing Vancomycin Use in a Level IV NICU
Authors: Hamdy Rana F. , Bhattarai Sopnil , Basu Sudeepta K. , Hahn Andrea , Stone Brian , Sadler Eleanor D. , Hammer Benjamin M. , Galiote John , Slomkowski Julie , Casto Anne M. , Korzuch Katelyn P. , Chase Hannah , Nzegwu Nneka , Greenberg Isabella , Ortiz Noelle , Blake Carmen , Chang Jaeho , Bost James E. , Payne Asha S. , Shah Rahul K. , Soghier Lamia
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Vancomycin remains one of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in NICUs despite recommendations to limit its use for known resistant infections. Baseline data revealing substantially higher vancomycin use in our NICU compared to peer institutions informed our quality improvement initiative. Our aim was to reduce the vancomycin prescribing rate in neonates hospitalized in our NICU by 50% within 1 year and sustain for 1 year.

METHODS:

In the 60-bed level IV NICU of an academic referral center, we used a quality improvement framework to develop key drivers and interventions including (1) physician education with benchmarking antibiotic prescribing rates; (2) pharmacy-initiated 48-hour antibiotic time-outs on rounds; (3) development of clinical pathways to standardize empirical antibiotic choices for early-onset sepsis, late-onset sepsis, and necrotizing enterocolitis; coupled with (4) daily prospective audit with feedback from the antimicrobial stewardship program.

RESULTS:

We used statistical process u-charts to show vancomycin use declined from 112 to 38 days of therapy per 1000 patient-days. After education, pharmacy-initiated 48-hour time-outs, and development of clinical pathways, vancomycin use declined by 29%, and by an additional 52% after implementation of prospective audit with feedback. Vancomycin-associated acute kidney injury also declined from 1.4 to 0.1 events per 1000 patient-days.

CONCLUSIONS:

Through a sequential implementation approach of education, standardization of care with clinical pathways, pharmacist-initiated 48-hour time-outs, and prospective audit with feedback, vancomycin days of therapy declined by 66% over a 1-year period and has been sustained for 1 year.
The Characteristics of the Nature of Science (NOS)-based Instruments in Newton Law Using Rasch Model Analysis
Authors: Murti Pratiwi Restu , Aminah Nonoh Siti , Harjana Harjana
Published: July 2020

The objective of this research is to find out the characteristic of each test item with NOS-based instruments which is analysed based on validity and reliability level using Rasch model (RM). A test using NOS-based instruments was used to collect the data. This research is categorized as descriptive with quantitative using statistic from RM through QUEST program. There are 104 students participated as the subject of this research. The result, which is based on validity of each test item using RM analysis, shows that 25 test items are considered fit or accepted. Based on the estimate of item reliability, NOS-based instrument has reliability coefficiency at 0.96. Based on difficulty items 2 test items declared not good, namely test item number 19 and item test number 4. Based on the analysis according to Classic Test Theory of RM, the NOS instrument can be used to measure senior high school students' science literacy on Newton Law.
The Roles of School Principal Leadership in Developing English Teachers’ Creativities in Palu
Authors: Marzuki Abdul Gafur , Lampuasa Saja'un
Published: July 2020

This research is a descriptive qualitative that explaines and describes any pertinent things related to the school principal leadership and teachers’ creativities which occur now at the research spot. This study aims to investigate the roles of the school principal in encouraging, driving, and directing teachers to be creative in performing their works. Results indicated that in encouraging his teachers, the school principal: 1) provides conducive climate and condition by involving his teachers in designing school programs and by welcoming his teachers’ comments and arguments on any policies he applies or any decisions he takes; 2) introduces and assures his teachers that education paradigm has changed therefore the school should be managed as a business firm in the area of public services where the most thing that should be considered is how to satisfy customers; 3) informs clearly that in evaluating the staffs’ performances he applies reward and punishment policy; and 4) optimizes managerial functions especially in monitoring what happens in the classroom. In driving the teachers, the school primcipal should applies his or her policy and delegates several responsibilities and jobs to the right persons. In directing the teachers he or s lets his or staffs  free to do their best.
Measuring Students’ Mathematical Literacy in Culturally Responsive Mathematics Classroom
Authors: Gradini Ega , Firmansyah Firmansyah
Published: July 2020

This paper aims to discuss students’ mathematics literacy in culturally responsive mathematics classroom. Students were taught by culturally responsive mathematics material and examined with a series of test in order to measure their mathematics literacy level. The data collected in this study are quantitative data in the form of scores on students' mathematical abilities that indicate the level of student mathematics literacy. The research was conducted at MAN 1 Takengon with the two groups pre-test and post-test design to determine the differences in mathematical literacy skills of one experimental group and then compare the results with one control group that was not subjected to treatment. The test consists of 6 problems and designed by based on the domain of PISA 2015 questions on every level of mathematical proficiency skills. The research finds that (1) culturally responsive mathematic teaching gives positive effect to students’ mathematical literacy; (2) the level of mathematical literacy of MAN 1 Takengon students lies from level 1 to level 5. There was no student who able to achieve 6thlevel of mathematical literacy; and (3) After culturally responsive mathematics teaching was implemented, from 24 students, there were 4 students at 1st level, 7 students at 2nd level, 10 students at 3rd level, and 2 students at 4th level, and 1 student at 5th level of mathematical literacy.
The Trends of Biology Education Research from 2000 to 2017: A Content Analysis for the Thesis of Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Haviz M , Dewi Asma , Putri Arlita Laras , Wahyuni Asri , Fajar Najmiatul , Lufri Lufri
Published: July 2020

This study aims to investigate the trend of biological education research (BER) from 2000 to 2017 in the thesis of pre-service biology teachers. This study conducted a series of content analyses of the thesis from two universities. A total 1347 thesis were analyzed in terms of sample, method, design, elements and topics and subject matter. It was found that junior and senior high school were the most popular research sample trends. This study was also found that quantitive, research and development or/and educational design research became the trend of the method most chosen and conducted by preservice biology teachers. This findings were also indicated that descriptive, experimental, and 4-D were design trends chosen by preservice biology teachers. This study was also found that cognitive and media of learning were the research elements are the most chosen and conducted by preservice biology teachers. The next findings showed that system and cell was the most popular of biology topic. This finding also indicated that Digestive System (DS) and Circulatory System (CS) and Features (KF) as the most chosen subject matter trends conducted by preservice teachers