bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dialytic Treatment of Acute Renal Failure in Children
Authors: Batouche Djamila-Djahida , Batouche Djilali , Elhalimi Kamel
Published: November 2023

Renal replacement therapy (RRT) ensures the removal of water and solutes that are not or no longer sufficiently ensured by the kidneys: Acute renal failure (AKI) remains the oldest indication, regardless of the patient’s age. All the methods of extracorporeal purification (peritoneal dialysis, conventional hemodialysis, and continuous extracorporeal purification) have been developed in children to compensate for renal function when it becomes totally or partially inadequate, and primarily or secondarily the RRT must be initiated without delay in life-threatening situations (hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, lysis syndrome, pulmonary edema refractory to medical treatment…). There are insufficient data to define the optimal time for initiation of RRT outside of life-threatening situations. Despite the lack of specific studies, the benefit of ERA in life-threatening situations seems reasonable, which is why most experts recommend its use in these situations. The CRRT has proven its effectiveness in pediatrics. The continuous and progressive nature of CRRT, particularly hemofiltration, makes it the therapy of choice for unstable ICU patients. The choice of the RRT method in a given center is therefore based on the type of patient to be treated, but also on technical availability, experience, and local skills.
Exploiting Technology during the Pandemic: Early Lessons from Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Alic Garang James
Published: November 2023

The paper adopts mixed methods to examine how countries deployed technology to provide services during the COVID-19 pandemic. It reviews the literature, analyzes secondary data to discern patterns, and uses deductive reasoning to inform findings and draw policy implications. The paper finds that the pandemic exposed weaknesses in firm services, government operations, and revenues with revealed financing gaps; it motivated innovations which fostered a shift to digital platforms; and the internet-enabled social connections and became a lifeline for many businesses, households, and governments, thereby enhancing services, and reducing vulnerabilities to corruption. The technology, therefore, galvanized material improvements during the pandemic but also disseminated fake news, which undermined confidence in vaccinations, leading to vaccine hesitancy. Finally, the chapter documents the use of technology during the pandemic citing the case of Kenya, Nigeria, and South Sudan in SSA, while highlighting benefits and challenges, and drawing policy implications, including for critical investments.
Perspective Chapter: How Can We Provide Lifelong Support for People with Epilepsy to Reduce Their Self-Stigma?
Authors: Kuramochi Izumi , Iwayama Takayuki , Shimotsu Sakie
Published: November 2023

Self-stigma denotes the internalization of negative societal attitudes, and it is commonly referred in patients with epilepsy (PWE). Higher levels of self-stigma have been linked to lower self-esteem. According to the author’s research, there is no significant correlation between knowledge level and self-stigma among PWE, and short-term treatment to control seizures alone proves inadequate for reducing self-stigma. These findings provide insights into the enduring nature of self-stigmatization, which appears to be influenced by cultural background, environmental factors, and personal experiences. Firstly, rectifying misinformation is crucial, as it promotes critical thinking and challenges cultural shame rather than accepting it. Secondly, cognitive approaches can be beneficial in helping individuals identify and overcome self-stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs. Recognizing the presence of social stigma and self-stigma are instrumental in reducing self-stigma. Lastly, facilitating individuals fostering a sense of agency in their lives can be accomplished through decision-making and empowerment strategies. Assisting clients in identifying their strengths and enabling them to make autonomous life choices can foster improved self-esteem and decrease self-stigma. While the primary goal of epilepsy treatment is the reduction of seizures, it is crucial for all stakeholders to acknowledge the persistent nature of self-stigma throughout the lifelong treatment trajectory of PWE.
ZnO Nanofiber Fabrication Technique
Authors: Krishnasamy Thangavel , Vadivel Balaprakash , Rangasamy Prema , Mohan Mahitha
Published: November 2023

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanofibers have gained significant attention due to their unique properties and potential applications in various fields, including electronics, optoelectronics, sensors, energy storage, and biomedical devices. This chapter presents an overview of different fabrication techniques employed for the synthesis of ZnO nanofibers. It discusses both template-based and template-free methods, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and the resulting morphological and structural characteristics of the fabricated nanofibers. Electrospinning is a crucial nanofiber fabrication technique utilized in electronics design and software to create high-performance materials with tailored properties for applications such as sensors, energy storage devices, and electronic components. Furthermore, the chapter provides insights into the influence of process parameters on the growth mechanism and properties of ZnO nanofibers. The goal is to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the various techniques available for fabricating ZnO nanofibers and to guide them in selecting an appropriate method for their specific applications.
Transforming the Industry: Digitalization and Automation in Oil and Gas Wells
Authors: Abdalla Rifaat
Published: November 2023

The oil and gas industry is undergoing a significant transformation with the advent of digitalization and automation technologies. This chapter explores the impact of digitalization and automation on drilling and completion operations in oil and gas wells. The integration of advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and robotics, has revolutionized the way wells are planned, drilled, and completed. Digitalization has enabled real-time data acquisition, analysis, and visualization, allowing operators to make informed decisions and optimize drilling and completion processes. Automated systems, including robotic drilling and remotely operated equipment, have enhanced operational efficiency, safety, and cost-effectiveness. The chapter discusses the implementation of digital twin models for virtual well planning and simulation, as well as the use of autonomous drilling systems and smart completion technologies. Moreover, the chapter addresses the challenges and opportunities associated with digitalization and automation, such as data security, workforce reskilling, and the need for collaboration across the industry. It emphasizes the potential for improved well performance, reduced environmental impact, and enhanced reservoir management through the integration of digitalization and automation in oil and gas wells.
Experience of Having a Vaginal Birth after Cesarean Section in Order to Prevent Postpartum Complication Using Narrative Review
Authors: Alshawish Eman
Published: November 2023

Vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) is defined as a vaginal delivery by a woman who has had a previous cesarean delivery. Vaginal birth can lead to quicker post birth recovery, less operative trauma, shorter length of hospital stays, and improved feelings of wellness. It is well-known that C-section now, hysterectomy complications later. This review aims to explore the existing research on VBAC in order to prevent postpartum complication. This review commences with the exploration of women’s attitudes around VBAC, education and decision on their mode of birth. Eight main themes were: Women’s attitudes and views of VBAC; VBAC education and decision-making programs; previous VBAC; maternal morbidity and mortality; short inter-pregnancy interval; induction of labor; neonatal morbidity and mortality; and birth trauma. Evidence shows that midwives have a positive influence on VBAC rates without an increase in maternal or neonatal morbidity. Review revealed the limited comprehension and awareness regarding the factors influencing women’s decision to opt VBAC, and the viewpoints held by midwives. The recommendation is to increase the number of VBAC by emphasizing on midwifery role, continuity of care, education program, and conducting more research.
Determining the Relationship Between Exchange Rate and Gross Debt Loan in South Africa
Authors: Kwena Ramphele Victor , Hoque Muhammad , Xulu-Kasaba Zamadonda
Published: November 2023

High public debt makes the conditions for effective fiscal policy more difficult and, at the same time, causes difficulties in seeking financial resources on the capital markets. There are many conflicting findings on factors contributing to increase on gross loan debt of government. Therefore, this study aims to determining the Relationship Between Exchange Rate and Gross debt loan. This empirical study was based on a quantitative research methodology. The study used the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to test the relationship between gross loan debt and exchange rate. Results found weak non-significant positive relationship between gross loan debt and all the foreign exchange rates. Appreciating or depreciating exchange rates can impact the burden of gross debt loan, and the level of gross debt loan can also impact exchange rates. It is therefore essential to consider the broader economic context and factors affecting both exchange rates and gross debt loan when analysing their relationship.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Pulse Sequence Selection for Optimal Time and Image Quality Enhancement
Authors: Amin Naima , Yousaf Muhammad
Published: November 2023

This study is a comparison of three commonly used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pulse sequences to examine the image quality of the pulse sequences at a short acquisition time. Two tissue-equivalent gels were created. While one gel is constructed of polysaccharide and agarose, the other is made of ferrous benzoic xylenol orange (FBX). FBX gel is exposed to a 25 Grey dosage of 6MV photons from a linear accelerator. Repetition time (TR) was used to conduct experimental modifications in imaging parameters. The quantitative analysis comprises the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Fast Spin Echo (FSE) and Fast Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) are most comparable in SNR at 1.5 Tesla for various TR values. Conventional Spin Echo (CSE) has a CNR that is 143% and 93% higher than FSE and FLAIR, respectively. The time difference between CSE and FSE is 6 minutes and 34 seconds, whereas CSE and FLAIR is 6 minutes and 43 seconds. FSE and FLAIR provide superior image quality with quicker acquisition, suitable for patients sensitive to longer scan durations. Meanwhile, CSE stands out, delivering significantly enhanced contrast and SNR in T2-weighted images compared to other MRI pulses.
Deterrents and Their Effects on the Feeding Behavior and Sensory Physiology of Insects
Authors: D.C. Shields Vonnie
Published: November 2023

The gustatory system of insects is a prominent model in neuroscience. This important sensory system allows insects to detect, encode, and process gustatory information. This important sensory modality allows insects to perceive their environment. All animals detect and react to chemicals in their environment. Using insects as model systems allows us to obtain fundamental information regarding the processing of sensory information in the brain of the animal. Stimuli, associated with taste and smell, are responsible in insects being able to locate and select food sources, mates, and egg-laying sites. One line of research can be directed to better understanding gustatory cues in the selection of food sources by insects. Experimentally, this will involve feeding behavioral and electrophysiological testing in insects. Examining the structural organization of the gustatory organs using transmission electron and scanning electron microscopy will shed more light on the detailed structure of these taste sensory organs, the sensilla. During feeding, these taste organs sample the plant sap that contains a multitude of phytochemicals. Gustatory sensory input is encoded as patterns of nerve impulses by gustatory receptor cells which are housed in these taste sensory organs. Taste information gathered by these receptor cells will allow the insect to determine if the food is palatable or should be rejected.
Analysis and Optimization of Heat Transport for the Purpose of Maximizing the Potential of Solar Ponds in Sustainable Energy Applications
Authors: Singh Bhathal Singh Baljit
Published: November 2023

Modern solar ponds can be used for power generation, water heating, and even desalinization. Understanding the internal heat transport mechanisms is vital for maximizing their potential use. In-depth discussion of how to analyze heat transfer in solar ponds is provided in this chapter. Heat is transferred effectively in solar ponds by conduction, convection, and radiation. They do this by making salinity gradients, or layers, that absorb and store solar heat. Sunlight is absorbed by the upper layer, while the lower layers provide insulation. Researchers look into heat transfer in solar ponds using analytical, computational, and experimental approaches. Temperature distributions and heat transport rates are modelled mathematically using energy balance equations and fluid dynamics. Flow patterns and convective heat transfer are studied by CFD models. Understanding the efficiency of solar ponds is made easier by experimental observations of temperature profiles and heat flows. The importance of heat transfer analysis in determining the best values for design factors including pond depth, salinity gradient, and insulating materials is highlighted in this chapter. Sustainable potential of solar ponds in diverse energy applications can be unlocked by advancing our understanding of heat transport mechanisms and building accurate models.
Surgical Treatment of Patients with Aortic Valve Disease in Association with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Zotov Alexandr , Shelest Oleg , Sakharov Emil , Khabazov Robert , Troitsky Alexandr
Published: November 2023

The frequency of atrial fibrillation development in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis ranges from 4 to 30%. This arrhythmia significantly worsens patients’ long-term survival. Currently, it is considered that performing ablation of arrhythmogenic myocardial areas during valve surgery does not impact in-hospital mortality and does not lead to prolonged hospital stay. According to modern recommendations, this procedure should be performed in all patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation if the pericardium is opened. There are numerous ablation protocols available. For patients with isolated aortic valve disease, there is no need to open the atria during ablation. For the majority of patients with persistent atrial fibrillation, isolating the posterior wall of the left atrium, including the pulmonary vein areas, is sufficient. This article proposes an original approach to the combined treatment of valve disease and arrhythmia using the Perceval-S sutureless valve and the Gemini-S clamp-ablator. This approach reduces the time of cardiopulmonary bypass, which can benefit high-risk surgical patients.
Rain Tower
Authors: Mamulashvili George , Gurgenidze Aleksandre
Published: November 2023

The rain tower is a prestressed, cable-stayed structure of hyperbolic shape with a steel core, (carbon) cables, and a cheap awning covering. An aero-thermal power plant is built into the tower, supplying electricity to the control system for the processes of condensation, coagulation, and vortex formation. Distinctive features are a supersaturated hot steam generator, a cloud droplet condenser, a spiral solar collector that allows to significantly reduce the required height of the structure due to an ascending vortex, a coagulation control system and matching the generated vortex with an undisturbed atmosphere. It is proposed to use pulses of acoustic shock waves as control actions, radiated by a phased array antenna in the form of a traveling wave. The signal parameters are selected according to the size of the colliding droplets in the vortex. The control device is mounted on the inside of the tower above the turbine of the aero-thermal generator. Impacts can increase the concentration of micro-droplets due to drift in an ascending vortex flow. This increases the likelihood of their collision and coagulation of cloud droplets, which turn into larger raindrops as they grow.
Citizen Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Seki Yohei
Published: November 2023

Recently, the co-creation process between citizens and local governments has become increasingly significant as a mechanism for addressing administrative concerns, such as public facility maintenance, disaster response, and overall administrative improvement driven by citizen feedback. Social media platforms have been recognized as effective tools to facilitate this co-creation process. Compared to traditional methods like surveys and public comment solicitations, social listening is deemed superior for obtaining authentic and naturally articulated citizen voices. However, there is a noticeable lack of research concerning the gathering of opinions specifically related to municipal issues via platforms like X (Twitter). This study seeks to address this gap by presenting an original methodology for analyzing citizen opinions through the deployment of large language models. Utilizing these models, we introduce three distinct applications based on our framework, each considering a different opinion typology. We demonstrate that our approach enables the analysis and comparison of citizen sentiments across various cities in relation to common political issues, tailoring the analysis to diverse goal types. The results of this research not only contribute to the understanding of citizen engagement via social media but also provide valuable insights into potential applications of large language models for municipal-related opinion analysis.
Alternative Challenges to Water Quality Improvement and Conservation of Freshwater Bivalves
Authors: Choi Hwan-Seok , Kim Baik-Ho
Published: November 2023

The response surface method has been used by researchers to optimize the conditions of the organic filtration reaction using shellfish. They analyzed the data by setting the size, flow rate, and filtration rate of shellfish as independent variables using the central composite design program in the software. The highest filtration rate was obtained at a flow rate of 24 L/h and a shell size of 10.6–11.4 cm with a residence time of 22.7 hr., while the lowest filtration rate was obtained at a flow rate of 48 L/h with a residence time of 10.4 hr. The excessively fast and low flow rate decreased the filtration rate owing to the increase in the residence time. The researchers suggest that for validation purposes, water velocities in a further range, along with an increase in retention time, should be assessed. They used a central composite design to optimize Sinanodonta woodiana filtration rates and feces production to identify the key factors and optimal conditions. The proposed response surface model illustrated the interactions among the variables on mussel filtration rate. The experimental filtration rate of 4.47 ± 1.82 L/mussel/h corresponded to the predicted value of 8.4 L/mussel/h, which validated the practicability of this optimization strategy.
The Use of Fluoride for Enamel Caries Management in Infants
Authors: Cláudia Rodrigues Chibinski Ana , Bárbara Maluf Anna , Yumi Ito Larissa , Maira Wambier Letícia , Vitorino Gevert Mayara , Monteiro Vitória
Published: November 2023

The presence of one or more decayed surfaces (cavitated or non-cavitated), lost or restored (due to caries) in any primary tooth in a child under 6 years old is considered Early Childhood Caries (ECC). Therefore, as soon as an initial enamel caries lesion is detected in a primary tooth, adequate measures must be adopted to halt the progression of this lesion into a cavity. To achieve this objective, fluoridated products are the most common resource, being available worldwide. Considering the age group, the use of fluoridated toothpaste and fluoride varnishes are indicated as simple and effective preventive and therapeutic methods. This chapter will discuss the advantages of these methods based on contemporary scientific evidence, as well as their expected clinical results when properly indicated and used.
Fostering Basic Mathematical Competencies: Concepts and Materials for Teachers and Students for Understanding Place Value in Inclusive Settings
Authors: Scherer Petra , Rolka Katrin , Bertram Jennifer , da Costa Silva Nadine
Published: November 2023

Focusing on diagnosis and support of basic mathematical competencies is not only important for learning mathematics in general but also especially relevant for students with mathematical learning difficulties. Fostering basic mathematical competencies, like understanding numbers and operations as well as place value, is a central objective of the project “MaCo” (Catching up in Mathematics after Covid), which will be presented in this chapter. The project itself addresses both, teachers and students, and, not least, tries to meet central challenges after the Covid pandemic. The developmental research and research activities in this project were guided by a design-based research approach. Exemplary for the project, developed concepts and materials for understanding place value in inclusive settings on primary level are illustrated, completed by first evaluations. On the one hand, these concepts and materials comprise concrete activities and tasks, explanatory videos, and web applications designed for students. On the other hand, the professionalization of teachers and facilitators is pursued by massive open online courses, materials for professional development programs, and accompanying didactic manuals for students’ materials.
Experimental Study on the Ultrasonic De-Icing Method of Wind Turbine Blades
Authors: Ma Jianlong , Shen He , Guo Wenfeng
Published: November 2023

Ice accretion on the wind turbine blade degrades the aerodynamic performance and power efficiency of wind turbines. Therefore, developing a high-efficiency de-icing method with low energy consumption is necessary to stabilize their operation in winter. Now, there are several types of de-icing methods being developed. Among these methods, ultrasonic de-icing method is suitable for wind turbines because of its low energy consumption, simple structure, and easy installation. In this chapter, the theoretical and experimental studies on ultrasonic de-icing of wind turbines are introduced. The de-icing vibration modes of plate element and airfoil blade with NACA0018 were analyzed and determined. The anti-icing and de-icing effects of ultrasonic vibration on the iced plate and blade segment were tested by the experimental methods. An icing wind tunnel system and two kinds of de-icing measurement devices were designed and built. The adhesive strengths of ice on the plate and airfoil blade surface were measured with variation in frequency. The experimental results show that ultrasonic vibration could decrease the amount and the adhesive strength of ice dramatically and had de-icing capability at the frequency of de-icing vibration mode. The research findings are useful and helpful to the development of ultrasonic de-icing technology in future works.
System-Scenario Methodology to Design a Highly Reliable Radiation-Hardened Memory for Space Applications
Authors: Seyedi Azam , Gunnar Kjeldsberg Per , Birkeland Roger
Published: November 2023

Cache memory circuits are one of the concerns of computing systems, especially in terms of power consumption, reliability, and high performance. Voltage-scaling techniques can be used to reduce the total power consumption of the caches. However, aggressive voltage scaling significantly increases the probability of memory failure, especially in environments with high radiation levels, such as space. It is, therefore, important to deploy techniques to deal with reliability issues along with voltage scaling. In this chapter, we present a system-scenario methodology for radiation-hardened memory design to keep the reliability during voltage scaling. Although any SRAM array can benefit from the design, we frame our study on the recently proposed radiation-hardened cell, Nwise, which provides high level of tolerance against single event and multi event upsets in memories. To reduce the power consumption while upholding reliability, we leverage the system-scenario-based design methodology to optimize the energy consumption in applications, where system requirements vary dynamically at run time. We demonstrate the use of the methodology with a use case related to satellite systems and solar activity. Our simulations show that we achieve up to 49.3% power consumption saving compared to using a cache design with a fixed nominal power supply level.
A Systematic Review on IoT-Based Smart Technologies for Seat Occupancy and Reservation Needs in Smart Libraries at Institution of Higher Learning
Authors: Reneilwe Maepa Magauwane , Nthabiseng Moeti Michael
Published: November 2023

The introduction of industry 4.0 technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and other cutting-edge technological developments, has completely transformed traditional library practises in higher education. Despite the topic’s unquestionable importance, the main objective of this chapter is to address the effects of IoT technology and it is inconsistent and dispersed. However, there are various challenges, such as accurate reservation methods, real-time seat occupancy tracking, and reservation time estimation. To discover, compare, and characterize current investigations in the Smart Library Seat Occupancy and Reservation system (SLSORS), this proposed book chapter examined articles published between 2016 and 2022. In the SLSORS, we will also give a thorough taxonomy and perform a technical analysis of the articles. This provides the much-needed clarity regarding the problems associated with SLSORS and their available literature-based solutions. The fundamental taxonomy is framed by the reservation security, seat reservation, seat selection, and seat availability criteria. Thus, the benefits and drawbacks of the selected approaches are also offered, along with a full comparison of evaluation methodology, evaluation tools, and evaluation metrics. Furthermore, this chapter incorporates all processes and method for SLSORS and drew attention to the ongoing challenges that this chapter is seeking to address.
Quorum Sensing in Biofilm
Authors: Sedarat Zahra , W. Taylor-Robinson Andrew
Published: November 2023

Quorum sensing (QS) is a complex system of communication used by bacteria, including several notable pathogens that pose a significant threat to public health. The central role of QS in biofilm activity has been demonstrated extensively. The small extracellular signaling molecules, known as autoinducers, that are released during this process of cell-to-cell communication play a key part in gene regulation. QS is involved in such diverse intracellular operations as modulation of cellular function, genetic material transfer, and metabolite synthesis. There are three main types of QS in bacteria, metabolites of which may form the target for novel treatment approaches. The autoinducing peptide system exists only in Gram-positive bacteria, being replaced in Gram-negative species by the acyl-homoserine lactone system, whereas the autoinducer-2 system occurs in both.
El Proyecto de Ejecución estructural como parte del Proyecto Final de Máster
Authors: Guardiola Víllora Arianna , Mejía Vallejo Clara
Published: November 2023

This paper describes a teaching improvement experience carried out during two academic years (2021-22 and 2022-23) in the Master's Degree in Architecture at the School of Architecture of the Universitat Politècnica de València. The main objective is the coordination of the pedagogical approaches of the technical and design subjects, so that they are oriented towards the elaboration of a single practical work, developed at an individual level as a Master's Final Project. The particularity of the proposal lies in the fact that the subjects involved maintain their independence in terms of content and qualification. Based on this hypothesis, the aim has been to promote close horizontal coordination, making the final project a compendium of the learning outcomes of all the involved subjects, focusing on the in-depth study of knowledge and avoiding overloading students with an excess of independent work.

En esta comunicación se describe una experiencia de mejora docente llevada a cabo durante dos cursos (2021-22 y 2022-23) en el Máster en Arquitectura de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de la Universitat Politècnica de València. El principal objetivo es la coordinación de los planteamientos pedagógicos de las asignaturas técnicas y las asignaturas proyectuales, de manera que estén orientados hacia la elaboración de un único trabajo práctico, desarrollado a nivel individual como Proyecto Final de Master. La particularidad de la propuesta reside en que las asignaturas implicadas mantienen su independencia en cuanto a contenidos y calificación. Partiendo de esta hipótesis, la apuesta ha consistido en promover una estrecha coordinación horizontal que haga el trabajo final sea un compendio formado por los resultados de aprendizaje de todas las asignaturas implicadas incidiendo en la profundización de los conocimientos y evitando la sobrecarga de los estudiantes con un exceso de trabajos independientes.
Aula invertida, gamificación y multimedia en Construcción con el uso de redes sociales
Authors: Serrano Jiménez Antonio , Esquivias Paula M. , Fuentes García Raquel , Valverde Palacios Ignacio
Published: November 2023

The complexity of technical subjects related to the construction field, in Architecture Studies, is elevated in the first years of study due to the lack of fundamental knowledge of terms and properties in construction systems. Students enter their first year without previous fundamental training, in most cases, without having visited a construction site, generating pedagogical challenges. Given the complexity of the subject, traditional teaching causes mechanisation and memorisation, erroneous on many occasions, replacing reasoning and understanding of the usefulness of each system and constructive solution. Taking advantage of the entertaining and dynamic potential of Social Networks in students, this work analyses the design, development, and experimentation of a flipped classroom teaching model that combines explanations of main concepts and construction systems through recorded and explained videos by the students themselves, in search of an active, playful and motivating learning methodology.

La complejidad de las asignaturas técnicas, correspondientes al área de Construcción del Grado en Estudios de Arquitectura, es incrementada aún más durante los primeros cursos por el desconocimiento de términos y propiedades fundamentales en los sistemas constructivos. Los alumnos acceden al primer curso sin una formación constructiva básica, en una mayoría de casos sin haber visitado una obra, lo cual genera un reto pedagógico, pues ante la complejidad de la materia, la enseñanza tradicional provoca la mecanización y memorización, en muchas ocasiones errónea, sustituyendo al razonamiento y compresión de la utilidad de cada sistema y solución constructiva. Aprovechando potencial lúdico y dinamizador de las Redes Sociales en los estudiantes, este trabajo analiza el diseño, desarrollo y experimentación desarrollada para integrar explicaciones de conceptos y sistemas constructivos mediante vídeos grabados y explicados por los propios estudiantes en la constitución de una metodología activa, lúdica y motivadora de aula invertida.
La especialización en el modelo formativo de las Escuelas de Arquitectura en España
Authors: López Sánchez Marina , Vicente Gilabert Cristina
Published: November 2023

Contemporary socioeconomic dynamics are changing the professional scenario in Architecture and the market, which is becoming increasingly specialized and no longer demands only the traditional model of the designer architect. In order to clarify how Spanish Schools of Architecture are adapting to these changes, a two-part study has been carried out: (1) two surveys addressed to recent graduates and students. We have inquired about their professional expectations and aspirations, as well as, in the case of graduates, about the extent to which the tools obtained during their university studies have been applied in their current professional careers; (2) an analysis of the offer of specialized training in the different national degrees of Architecture. The results raise a discussion that questions the rigidity of the current training system, where basic training continues to be broad and generic in the face of generally limited possibilities for specialization.

Las dinámicas socioeconómicas contemporáneas están cambiando el escenario profesional en Arquitectura y el mercado, que, cada vez más especializado, ya no solo demanda el modelo tradicional del arquitecto proyectista. Para esclarecer cómo las Escuelas de Arquitectura españolas se están adaptando a los cambios, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio dividido en dos partes: (1) dos encuestas dirigidas a recién egresados y a estudiantes. Se ha indagado acerca de sus expectativas y aspiraciones profesionales, así como, en el caso de los egresados, sobre hasta qué punto las herramientas obtenidas durante sus estudios universitarios han podido ser aplicadas en sus dedicaciones profesionales actuales; (2) un análisis de la oferta de formación especializada en los diferentes grados de Arquitectura nacionales. Los resultados plantean una discusión que cuestiona la rigidez del sistema formativo actual, donde la formación básica sigue siendo amplia y genérica frente a unas posibilidades de especialización generalmente limitadas.
Manos a la obra: de la historia de la construcción a la ejecución de una bóveda tabicada
Authors: Gómez Navarro Belén , Elía García Santiago , Llorente Vielba Óscar
Published: November 2023

This communication presents a transversal pedagogical practice that moves from one area of knowledge to another within the degree in architecture at the San Jorge University, starting in subjects of culture and theory of architecture and continuing in construction subjects. With the timbervault as the main theme of the activity, the reasons for its use throughout history are internalized and its past and recent applications are known, to then project the design of an element that will be built at a scale of 1:1. For this purpose, teachers and students of the Construction Technician Degree of the Fundación Laboral de la Construcción have collaborated in the project. University students and vocational training students join together as a team to achieve the final product, mutually valuing their role in the construction process while living together in a real construction site experience.

Esta comunicación presenta una práctica pedagógica transversal que pasa de un área de conocimiento a otra dentro del grado en arquitectura de la Universidad San Jorge, iniciándose en asignaturas de cultura y teoría de la arquitectura y continuando en materias de construcción. Con la bóveda tabicada como tema principal de la actividad, se interiorizan las razones de su utilización a lo largo de la historia y se conocen sus aplicaciones pasadas y recientes, para a continuación proyectar el diseño de un elemento que será construido a escala 1:1. Para ello se ha contado con la colaboración de profesores y alumnos del Grado Medio de Técnico en Construcción de la Fundación Laboral de la Construcción. Estudiantes universitarios y de formación profesional se unen en equipo para la consecución del producto final, valorando mutuamente su papel en el proceso constructivo mientras conviven en una experiencia de obra real.
¿Mantiene usted sus ojos abiertos? La fotografía como herramienta transversal de aprendizaje
Authors: González Jiménez Beatriz S. , Núñez Bravo Paula M. , Escudero López Elena
Published: November 2023

In an increasingly diverse professional reality, contemporary education must embrace a versatile perspective of the architectural discipline, conceived through interconnection, diversity, and collaboration. The Educational Innovation Project presented here addresses the use of photography as a tool for learning that enables the observation, representation, communication, and conceptualization of architecture and the environment. To expand the possibilities of photography, a longitudinal exploration is proposed, spanning across all courses and cutting across various knowledge areas. Through Project-Based Learning, students connect different professional domains using the photographic experience as a common thread, resulting in highly diverse outcomes. The photographs displayed in the concluding exhibition of the project highlight the significance of nurturing a personal, perceptive, and creative approach to both existing and envisioned architecture.

Frente a una realidad profesional cada vez más diversificada, la educación actual debe adoptar una perspectiva versátil de la disciplina arquitectónica, concebida desde la interconexión, la pluralidad y la colaboración. El Proyecto de Innovación Educativa presentado aborda el uso de la fotografía como herramienta de aprendizaje que permite la observación, representación, comunicación e ideación de la arquitectura y el entorno. Con el fin de amplificar las posibilidades de la fotografía, se plantea una exploración longitudinal a todos los cursos y transversal a las áreas de conocimiento. A través del Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos, el estudiantado conecta los diferentes ámbitos profesionales con la experiencia fotográfica como hilo conductor del que han derivado resultados muy heterogéneos. Las fotografías mostradas en la exposición con la que culmina el proyecto ponen de manifiesto la importancia de desarrollar una mirada personal, sensible y creativa de la arquitectura existente e imaginada.
Experiencing service learning in design-based partnerships through collective practice
Authors: Martinez-Almoyna Gual Carles
Published: November 2023

Collaboration and participation are transforming architectural disciplines. Especially in public and collective projects, where more democratic decision-making processes are starting to be implemented. Within this changing context, socially engaged universities can contribute to generate new knowledge around participatory processes and design methods. This can be achieved through design-based university-community partnerships, where useful learning for communities, students and academics can be generated. Following a Participatory Action Research methodology, different partnerships informed this paper. These were structured around landscape architecture university courses with the aim to experience service learning. The article explains the adaptability of the applied methodology and its capacity to serve community needs by seeking design implementation. It shows how partnerships allowed students to learn about new professional roles and design processes through direct experience, while academics developed practice-based research. Finally, it showcases how socially engaged academics can generate knowledge through practice and from the outcomes of that practice.

Los procesos participativos y la colaboración interdisciplinar están transformando las disciplinas arquitectónicas. Especialmente en proyectos públicos y colectivos, donde se están empezando a desarrollar sistemas de decisión más democráticos. En un contexto donde cambian las metodologías de trabajo y los roles tradicionales, las universidades interesadas en desarrollar aprendizaje-servicio pueden contribuir a generar conocimiento si se asocian a grupos comunitarios. Utilizando cursos de paisajismo, y siguiendo una metodología de acción participativa, diferentes colaboraciones informan este artículo. En él se explica la adaptabilidad de la metodología aplicada y cómo se intenta dar respuesta a los objetivos de los grupos comunitarios al perseguir la construcción de los proyectos. Esta voluntad práctica y participativa permite a los alumnos aprender nuevos roles y métodos de diseño a través de la experiencia directa. A su vez, los académicos pueden desarrollar nuevos procesos pedagógicos y crear proyectos de investigación tanto entre proyectos como de cada proyecto.
Didáctica en arquitectura: el dato empírico ambiental como andamiaje de la creatividad
Authors: Lecuona Juan
Published: November 2023

This communication presents a didactic experience in the pedagogical field of sustainable architecture. It proposes the use of empirical climatic and environmental data as a basis for a critical discussion on sustainability in local contexts with limited resources. The proposed methodology seeks to avoid falling into excessive architectural technicalities and to encourage students' creativity in order to generate contemporary and innovative responses to the persistent challenges of creating habitable environments in a context of climate change. The results obtained expose a great heterogeneity of architectural proposals and conclude that the use of empirical data in an academic and pedagogical environment focused on architectural design is configured as a solid support for creativity, without undermining the creative diversity of the project responses generated.

Se presenta una experiencia didáctica en el campo pedagógico de la arquitectura sostenible. Se propone el uso de datos empíricos climáticos y ambientales como base para una discusión crítica sobre sostenibilidad en contextos locales con escasos recursos. La metodología propuesta busca evitar caer en tecnicismos arquitectónicos excesivos y fomentar la creatividad de los estudiantes con el objetivo de generar respuestas contemporáneas e innovadoras a los persistentes desafíos de crear ambientes habitables en un contexto de cambio climático. Los resultados obtenidos exponen una gran heterogeneidad de propuestas arquitectónicas y concluyen que el uso de datos empíricos en un entorno académico y pedagógico centrado en el diseño arquitectónico se configura como un sólido soporte para la creatividad, sin menoscabar la diversidad creativa de las respuestas proyectuales generadas.
Muro Virtual como herramienta de aprendizaje para la enseñanza colaborativa de un taller de arquitectura
Authors: Galleguillos Negroni Valentina , Mazzarini Watts Piero Lorenzo , Aguilera Alegria Paula , Harriet de Santiago Beatriz
Published: November 2023

One of the advantages of face-to-face classes is being able to interact directly with all students at the same time and being able to provide feedback on their learning in a timely manner. At the same time, students can observe and compare their work with that of their classmates, forming a collaborative workshop, also having the opportunity to have a co-evaluation between peers. In this Project workshop subject for beginner students, to generate collective instances an collaborative feedback with the purpouse tha students can advance in learning without difficulties, understanding trial-error as part of their educactional process. On the other hand, as it is an introductory course in the career, it is important that students understand the creative process in an analogous way so tha they are the ones who obtain a project reflection and not the resulto f the computer and technology.

Una de las ventajas de las clases presenciales, es poder interactual directamente con los todos los estudiantes a la vez y poder retroalimentar su aprendizaje oportunamente. Al mismo tiempo los alumnos pueden observar y comparar sus trabajos con los de sus compañeros formando un taller colaborativo teniendo la oportunidad de tener además una co-evaluación entre pares.. En esta asignatura de taller de proyectos para estudiantes principiantes es muy importante generar instancias colectivas y colaborativas de retroalimentación con el propósito que el alumnado pueda avanzar en el aprendizaje sin dificultades entendiendo el ensayo – error como parte de su proceso educativo. Por otro lado al ser una asignatura de iniciación de la carrera, es importante que los estudiantes comprendan el proceso creativo de forma análoga de tal forma que sean ellos los que obtengan una reflexión proyectual y no el resultado del computador y la tecnología.
Emergencia habitacional: interrelaciones entre servicio público y academia en Chile
Authors: Fuentealba Quilodrán Jessica Solange , Schmidt Gómez Denisse
Published: November 2023

The mega-fires that hit much of Chile during February 2023 generated an urgent need to rebuild houses. The situation added to the accumulated housing deficit, forcing the government to assume the commitment to build 260,000 homes during the presidential period (2022-2026), calling on Universities and Training Centers to collaborate with the housing emergency plan (PEH). The communication exposes the unprecedented experience of the School of Architecture of the University of Bío-Bío, Chile, a public and bi-regional University, which welcomes the invitation of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Planning during the first semester of 2023, adapting traditional teaching-learning methods from the Project Workshop, to a system aligned with the demands of the country, working jointly with professionals from the Ministry and private companies, through a proposal for Linkage with the Bidirectional Environment.

Los mega-incendios que azotaron a gran parte de Chile durante febrero de 2023 generaron una urgente necesidad de reconstrucción de viviendas. La situación se sumó al déficit habitacional acumulado, obligando al gobierno a asumir el compromiso de construir 260.000 viviendas durante el periodo presidencial (2022-2026), haciendo un llamado a las Universidades y Centros de formación a colaborar con el plan de emergencia habitacional (PEH). La comunicación expone la inédita experiencia de la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chile, Universidad pública y birregional, que acoge la invitación del Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo durante el primer semestre de 2023, adecuando los métodos de enseñanza aprendizaje tradicionales del Taller de Proyecto, a un sistema alineado a demandas del país, trabajando de manera conjunta con profesionales del Ministerio y de la empresa privada,  a través de una propuesta de Vinculación con el Medio Bidireccional.