bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION IN CYBERSPACE
Authors: Revizore Krista , Šļakota Māris
Published: September 2019

This report includes information about freedom of expression and ability to execute the guaranteed freedom in the cyberspace. Thesis examine the question falling under the scope of human rights online. More particularly, it displays cyberspace security and vulnerability problems regarding guaranteed right to freedom of expression in cyberspace. The discussion concern two sides of the coin: individuals who participate and communicate through online platforms and consequences of their actions – impact on intermediaries. It is an essential topic as modern and digital technologies develop more and more every day alluring new participants who should understand what can be said online, how their actions can be protected, freedom executed and what are liabilities imposed to online service providers.
CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR MANIPULATIONS WITH SPORT COMPETITIONS
Authors: Latiševa-Čudare Gunta , Mežulis Dainis
Published: September 2019

Match-fixing is widely regarded as one of the major threats facing contemporary sport. Match-fixing undermines the values of sport such as integrity, fair play and respect for others. It risks alienating fans and supporters from organised sport. Moreover, match-fixing often involves organised criminal networks active on a global scale. It is a problem that has now become a priority for public authorities, the sport movement and law enforcement agencies worldwide. According to the sports movement, on 1 Martch 2016., there was amended Latvian Criminal law. Amendments provides to include match-fixing ban. This article looks at how the new provision must be interpreted in Latvia.
THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR ROLE IN ECONOMY OF LATVIA
Authors: Sārtaputna Sintija , Mietule Iveta
Published: September 2019

The construction industry is an integral part of the economy, and there will be always demand for construction activities. All the time are being built all supermarkets, shopping malls, entertainment centers, and people periodically want to change their homes. Also technological developments would not make sense if there were no such sectors as construction. The study gives a general description of construction sector in Latvia and also gives an insight into the construction sector role in economics of Latvia in last five years.
RESEARCH OF FACTORS, WHICH INFLUENCES PERSONAL MOTIVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN STATE FOREST SERVICE
Authors: Zelenko Laura , Zvaigzne Anda
Published: September 2019

Employee motivation has an important role in personnel management. Motivation problem has essential role in any time and economic condition, and its significance isn’t lost. Employee full return to work can be done by properly motivating them, and it is affecting the quality of work. Personnel formation is very difficult and time-consuming process, which requires heavy expenditures. While human resources managers have to take important decisions, they need very good skill to see ahead. According to previously mentioned, personnel policy organization and arrangement is very important thing. The study aims to explore the staff motivational factors and to develop proposals for motivation measures.The novelty of studiy is summarized staff motivation contributing factors. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the author used the empirical, graphic data display and analysing methods. According to the survey data, 38% of respondents as the main motivational factor pointed good work environment. 27% of respondents noted that salary is important motivator. Therefore it is important for employees to have a good work requirements, as well the wage is important factor in employee motivation.
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL ENGINEERING AND MAINTENANCE OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT ON SOCIAL GROUPS
Authors: Rakova Laura , Glaudiņš Roberts , Kokina Irēna
Published: September 2019

Information Technologies keep developing and have steadily become available to a growing number of users. It is then necessary to emphasize importance on data security and employees mobility. Social engineering and quality management systems in organizations are directly connected with the use of the latest Information Exchange Technologies. In the paper the author has researched common tendencies of social groups beahviour in relation to following rules of data security and employees reaction to implementation of latest Technologies in organisation. The results of the research are discussed in the conclusions section and are expected to impact potential implementation strategies for IT in organisations.
TOURISM PLANNING AND IDENTIFYING ITS DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL IN LUDZA
Authors: Karvele Ligita
Published: September 2019

Nowadays the actual problem is the reduction of population in small towns thus affecting the preservation and development of territories. Due to the migration and the negative natural increase of the population, the population of Ludza district is decreasing faster than the national average. Urban tourism is a growing tourism market. World tourism trends in today's market suggest that the number of tourists attracted by cities is increasing. Development of the tourism sector is one of the priorities of Ludza town development, as it promotes employment, business development, attraction of investments, as well as recognition of town image. In general this can be seen as a significant contribution to economic development but so far in the framework of the development of the Ludza town, tourism development opportunities have not been fully identified and used, and development is necessary continuously. It is important to conduct surveys, including surveying local people and tourism experts to find out the interests of visitors. This article will analyze the main principles and objectives for tourism development in towns. The aim of the article is to theoretically justify the need for tourism planning and identification of development potential in the town, studying Ludza's example.
DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW GASTRONOMIC TOURISM PRODUCT IN KARSAVA DISTRICT
Authors: Nagle Lauma
Published: September 2019

In the research author developed a new gastronomic tourism product in Karsava district, which is intended to be implemented in the bakery „Dzīles”. Gastronomic tourism service providers, working in the gastronomic tourism industry, hopes for active demand and people’s interest in the provided products and services. That means that there must be a wide and unique offer of products and services. The aim of the research is to explore the theoretical aspects of gastronomic tourism and to develop a new gastronomic tourism product in Karsava district. In the research are being studied gastronomic tourism concepts, essence and significance in the development of the local economy, gastronomic tourism products offer in Karsava district. Author developed a new gastronomic product – culinary master classes – in bakery „Dzīles” in the Karsava district. Methods used in the research: sociological research method (interview); data processing method – forecasting method (planned income from culinary master classes).
THE USEFULNESS AND EFFICIENCY OF COACHING
Authors: Smirnova Marina
Published: September 2019

The study examines the definitions of the concept of coaching and explores coaching opportunities for the development of human resources and organizational capacities, evaluates and summarizes the research base that provides proof of the effectiveness and efficiency of coaching. The research looks into the coaching definitions per se, coaching essence is being defined, and use of coaching methods is being justified for the organizational benefits such as effectiveness and staff’s skills development. Recent scientific research is utilized to prove the efficacy of coaching for staff within the organization. The author's coaching definition was developed, which is the novelty of this work. Attention is paid to the development of coaching in the institutional and business environment of Latvia.
NON-PECIUNARY DAMAGE CRITERIA FOR COMPENSATION IN ADMINISTRATIVE CASES
Authors: Beinaroviča-Šeslere Violetta
Published: September 2019

A reward of non-pecuniary damage compensation is a remedy for personal injury. If state management during realizing the state power, touches person's rights, a legal state need to be responsible for it. Non pecuniary damage compensation amount is complicated, because it involves filling the content with concepts that are not defined by law. All factors that have an impact on the law must be evaluated and the reimbursement provided is fair and proportionate - one that gives satisfaction to the injured party, and at the same time serves also as effective means of the legal protective and arrives at the preventive aim. The actuality of the work results from the fact that the existence of an effective system of compensation is one of the essential prerequisites for strengthening trust in the state
ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY FOR STUBBLE BURNING AND NOT CUTTING GRASS
Authors: Kaļva Aldis
Published: September 2019

The publication is dedicated to research problems about the application of administrative liability for last year's burning of grass and grass non cutting. The author analyzes the judicial decisions about application of administrative liability for last year's burning of grass giving rise to the conclusion, that currently, responsible authorities and courts misinterpret Latvian Code of Administrative Violations second paragraph of article 51. In addition, there is a duplication of legal provisions in Latvian Code of Administrative Violations. Finally, there are provided proposals to address the above problems.
SOME ASPECTS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORTATION IN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Katunina Margarita V. , Komissarov Dmitry R.
Published: September 2019

The article focuses on the legal framework, the interpretation of provisions on international road carriage of goods, and the use of administrative documents.
THE COMPREHENSION AND HISTORICAL ORIGINS OF SURROGATE MATERNITY
Authors: Prikule Rita
Published: September 2019

Surrogate maternity is carrying of a foreign child in a womb with an aim to give up child and receive a payment for it. Demand for surrogate mothers nowadays increases because it is a great way of obtaining a baby for potential parents of the child who can not get pregnant for health or other various reasons. The specific study is topical because from the one side we can say that surrogate maternity is a commerce/business as a fact that the service is sold for a certain fee. In this situation we can say that a child is compared to some kind of commodity almost. However from the other side it is the only way to become parents and have a baby for some people out there but these people have to face the fact that part of the society will say that it is ethically or religiously wrong, moreover the regulatory framework does not regulate this area.
THE RIGHT TO HEALTH AND THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRINCIPLE OF HEALTH AND ACCESS
Authors: Vasiļevska Kristīne
Published: September 2019

The availability of medical care is the application of health care and the ability to realize it through the use of technology and qualified healthcare providers. The principle of availability is essentially a matter for the person to be fully involved in all aspects of life as an integral part of the public emergency mechanism. Today, health is not only a value but also a resource that contributes to the economic growth of the state, the city, the region. A healthy person can work more productively, he more easily adapts to changes and can work longer. Good health increases quality of life, strengthens families, promotes safety, reduces poverty and social inclusion.
ARCHIVING LIFE DEVELOPMENT AND ITS PERSPECTIVES IN THE FUTURE
Authors: Tihovska Laila
Published: September 2019

The function of research and promotion is not unique only to museums and libraries, but also to archives, because these institutions’ activity is aimed to public needs. Nowadays greater importance is given to the archives communication. Communication with public is one of the components of the archive image. Archives cooperate to a much greater extent with public, informing people and making people aware of national documentary heritage. The archives cooperation with educational institutions and teachers is positively regarded. The important direction of the Latvian National Archives activity is the document digitization in order to expand access to documents. Therefore, with the possibilities of new information technologies, the archive becomes more open. Most recently the important role of archives activity was only documents accumulation for evaluation and preservation. Until 21st century there was not a wide access to the archival records, therefore archives pedagogy is a new branch in Latvia.
Сущностные характеристики проектно-целевого подхода в развитии дополнительного образования
Authors: Юсупов Виталий Зуфарович
Published: September 2019

В статье раскрываются сущностные характеристики проектно-целевого подхода как эффективного механизма развития дополнительного образования в современном вузе; особенности целевого образовательного проекта, источников его финансирования, ресурсов разработки и реализации.
Perbandingan Biaya Jaringan dan Kelayakan Teknologi LTE pada Frekuensi 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2100 MHz, & 2300 MHz untuk Mendukung Rencana Pita Lebar di Indonesia
Authors: Ariyanti Sri
Published: September 2019

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan besarnya biaya penyelenggaraan teknologi LTE pada pita frekuensi 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2100 MHz, dan 2300 MHz. Selain itu, dilakukan cost benefit analysis untuk melihat kelayakan bisnis teknologi LTE pada frekuensi tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan melakukan perhitungan link budget dan capacity dimensioning untuk memperoleh jumlah infrastruktur yang dibutuhkan, serta melakukan perhitungan biaya dan pendapatan untuk dilakukan cost benefit analysis (CBA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembiayaan operasional terbesar pada pembangunan jaringan LTE adalah BHP, kemudian disusul dengan harga sewa site. Biaya terbesar ada pada penggunaan pita frekuensi 2100 MHz dikarenakan BHP pita tersebut paling tinggi dibanding dengan frekuensi lainnya. Dari keempat frekuensi tersebut, frekuensi 2300 MHz paling layak digunakan, karena nilai BHP yang paling rendah dibanding frekuensi yang lain.  Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, pembangunan jaringan LTE pada keempat frekuensi tersebut layak dilakukan, dengan internal rate of return (IRR) terbesar pada pita frekuensi 2300 MHz. AbstractThis study aims to compare the cost of developing LTE technology at 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2100 MHz, and 2300 MHz frequencies. In addition, cost-benefit analysis is carried out to find the feasibility of LTE technology business at those frequencies. This study uses a quantitative approach by conducting link budget and capacity dimensioning to obtain the number of cellular infrastructures. This study identifies and calculates cost and revenue for conducting cost-benefit analysis (CBA). The result shows that the most significant operational cost of LTE network development is BHP frequency (frequency license fee,) followed by site leasing cost. The most significant cost of LTE planning development from those frequencies is at 2100 MHz, because the frequency license fee of that frequency is the most expensive one among the other frequencies. The frequency of 2300 MHz is the most feasible frequency to use, since the frequency 2300 MHz license fee is the cheapest one among the other frequencies. According to the calculation result, LTE development at those frequencies is feasible, with the largest internal rate of return (IRR) is in the frequency of 2300 MHz.
Perencanaan dan Analisis Fronthaul Microwave Menggunakan Spektrum Frekuensi 71 Ghz untuk Radio Access Network dengan Metode Drive Test 4G LTE
Authors: Wibawa Firmansyah Pandu , Amanaf Muntaqo Alfin , Wahyudin Ade
Published: September 2019

Di Indonesia, tidak semua daerah telah terintegrasi oleh jaringan 4G LTE dengan baik, sehingga memerlukan perencanaan 4G LTE yang tepat. Penelitian ini melakukan perancangan penambahan eNodeB baru dengan metode fronthaul microwave 4G LTE, dengan tujuan untuk memperbaiki bad coverage pada suatu area melalui peningkatan coverage dan kapasitas jaringan. Link fronthaul menggunakan frekuensi 71 GHz, penempatannya dengan menggunakan metode drive test untuk mencari bad coverage di Purwokerto Utara, Purwokerto Barat, dan Purwokerto Selatan. Hasil dari penentuan daerah bad coverage kemudian dibuat site hop berdasarkan site existing terdekat dengan daerah bad coverage tersebut. Dari hasil simulasi menggunakan Atoll 3.3.0, rata-rata kenaikan RSRP setelah ditambahkan fronthaul RSRP-nya, -91,7 dBm, naik 20%, dan CINR sebesar 13,95 dB, kenaikan sebesar 12%. Sedangkan untuk throughput, mengalami kenaikan setelah ditambahkan fronthaul, rata-rata menjadi 90,75 Mbps, dari 52,12 Mbps, naik 72%. Untuk simulasi link fronthaul microwave 71 GHz, level daya terima saat tidak terjadi hujan, sebesar rata-rata RSL -27,52 dBm, dan pada saat hujan, RSL turun, -58,17 dBm, dari ambang batas minimum -48 dBm. Untuk keandalan sistem, mendapat annual multipath availability pada 6 hop sebesar 99,999%, akan tetapi pada annual rain, availability rata-rata sebesar 99,90%. In Indonesia, not all regions have been integrated by the 4G LTE network, so it needs the optimal 4G LTE Planning. In this study, we plan the new eNodeB  with fronthaul microwave 4G LTE method to solve the bad coverage problem in certain area by increasing coverage and capacity network with this method. The fronthaul links uses 71 GHz frequency and the placement of this link uses the drive test method to look for bad coverage in the North Purwokerto, West Purwokerto, and South Purwokerto. The results of the bad coverage were then used as a hopping site based on the site closest to the area's bad coverage. From the simulation results using Atoll 3.3.0, the average RSRP increases after fronthaul RSRP added, -91.7 dBm, up 20%, and CINR by 13.95 dB, rose by 12%. While for throughput, increased after adding fronthaul, on average to 90.75 Mbps, from 52.12 Mbps, up 72%. For the 71 GHz fronthaul microwave  link simulation, the level of receiving power when there is no rain, RSL -27.52 dBm on average, and when it rains, RSL drops, -58.17 dBm, from the minimum threshold of -48 dBm. For system feasibility, the availability of annual multipath at six hops is 99.999%, but on average annual rainfall, availability is 99.90%.
Factores familiares de riesgo y protección ante el suicidio en adolescentes
Authors: Bravo-Andrade Héctor Rubén , López-Peñaloza Judith , Ruvalcaba-Romero Norma Alicia , Orozco-Solís Mercedes Gabriela
Published: September 2019

El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer los factores familiares de riesgo y protección asociados al suicidio en adolescentes desde la perspectiva del modelo de resiliencia familiar, en alumnos y maestros de preparatoria, así como terapeutas en contacto con la problemática. La metodología fue de tipo cualitativo con un diseño fenomenológico mediante tres grupos focales con un muestreo por conveniencia. Para el análisis cualitativo de datos se usa el programa MAXQDA 12. Como principales factores familiares de riesgo se encontraron la separación o distanciamiento y la falta de expresión emocional; mientras que los factores familiares de protección primordiales fueron la conexión entre los miembros de la familia, y los recursos sociales y económicos. El principal proceso de resiliencia familiar involucrado en los factores de riesgo y de protección ante el suicidio en adolescentes, encontrado en esta investigación, es la organización familiar.
Análisis de los sistemas de ingreso, permanencia, ascensos y estímulos docentes en el contexto latinoamericano
Authors: Herrera Pérez Jhan Carlos
Published: September 2019

Las reformas educativas en América Latina han cambiado significativamente el panorama en cuanto a estabilidad y estímulos para los docentes de la región en las últimas décadas. Los diferentes gobiernos intentan establecer mecanismos que les permitan tener un mejor control del presupuesto, pero en sus afanes por lograr objetivos sugeridos por organismos internacionales, como la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE), establecen políticas que no son concertadas con los sindicatos en su elaboración. Por tanto, el propósito del presente artículo se orienta a analizar el comportamiento de dichas reformas educativas en el contexto latinoamericano, con énfasis en los cambios de las últimas décadas. La revisión documental y el análisis de contenido sirven como fundamento metodológico para derivar un sistema de categorías teóricas, en atención a la temática de investigación. Entre los resultados destacan categorías como el impacto que tiene un docente bien remunerado en la calidad educativa, así como, la función que están realizando los sindicatos en procesos de concertación y dialogo con los gobiernos. Se concluye en la necesidad de generar criterios solidos que permitan evaluar desde una perspectiva objetiva, el estado actual del sector educativo, con especial atención al sistema de ingreso, permanencia, ascensos y estímulos al docente en Latinoamérica.
El futuro es de todos.
Authors: Escobar Gómez Julián Andrés
Published: September 2019

El artículo de reflexión se orienta a develar el tratamiento del concepto de “participación ciudadana” que se encuentra en el Acuerdo Final entre el Gobierno Nacional de Colombia y las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejército del Pueblo (FARC-EP). Se toma como unidad de estudio las dos versiones del acuerdo, la publicada el 24 de agosto del 2016, fecha previa al plebiscito por la paz; y la del 24 de noviembre, posterior al plebiscito y en donde se han agregado las concertaciones de los opositores. La categoría principal para el análisis reflexivo refiere a la construcción de la paz, específicamente los procesos de participación. Desde un enfoque reflexivo-argumentativo, se plantea como tesis que la construcción de la paz es un proceso social en el cual todos y cada uno de los ciudadanos, ejercen un papel fundamental en la consolidación del posconflicto y la superación del conflicto armado. Se concluye en la necesidad de la participación ciudadana de los diferentes actores, no solo en la veeduría de lo acordado, sino planteando trayectorias de reencuentro para generar mecanismos de conciliación y desarrollo.
Preparation and Forming Technology of Particle Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites
Authors: Tian Xiangrong , Zhu Aiqin , Wei Jishan , Han Ranyang
Published: September 2019

This paper introduces the performance and preparation technology and forming technology of particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites. The application status of particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites is illustrated, and its development prospect is pointed out. 
Этика бизнеса как институциональный фактор устойчивого развития
Authors: Баранова Елизавета Сергеевна
Published: September 2019

В статье рассмотрена необходимость исследования проблемы низкого уровня бизнес этики развивающихся странах, в частности в России. Описана взаимосвязь реализации стратегии устойчивого развития и развития бизнес этики. Предложен план организации масштабного исследования данной проблемы и факторы, влияющие на формирование бизнес этики, требующие углубленного изучения и формирования российской модели достижения устойчивого развития. Ставится проблема взаимосвязи неэтичного поведения российских компаний с постановкой корпоративных финансовых целей. В статье проанализированы данные, подтверждающие недостаток социальной ответственности отечественной бизнес-среды.
Развитие агропродовольственного рынка в условиях обеспечения продовольственной безопасности
Authors: Крюкова Ольга Николаевна , Горячун Ксения Владиславовна
Published: September 2019

В условиях международных экономических санкций возрастает роль агропродовольственного рынка региона в обеспечении продовольствием местного населения. Цель его функционирования можно обозначить, как и обеспечение продовольственной безопасности регионов.
Отмечено, что на обеспечение продовольственной безопасности напрямую и негативно влияют теневые экономические отношения на рынке изготовления и реализации продовольственной продукции.
Показаны пути повышения конкурентоспособности аграрного сектора региона в т. ч. интегрирование аграрных и перерабатывающих фирм.
Неформальная занятость: причины и факторы, определяющие ее уровень
Authors: Тумунбаярова Жаргал Баировна , Анциферова Мария Дмитриевна
Published: September 2019

В статье рассматриваются причины зарождения неформальной занятости. Определены ключевые факторы, оказывающие позитивное и негативное влияние. Представлен сравнительный анализ макроэкономических показателей и уровня неформальной занятости в Российской Федерации, и их взаимосвязь.
Коррупционная преступность и ее развитие в России
Authors: Архипов Эдуард Леонидович , Сушкова Татьяна Васильевна
Published: September 2019

В статье рассматривается влияние коррупционной преступности на уровень экономической безопасности государства. Актуальность выбранной темы обусловлена тем, что рост экономических преступлений негативно сказывается на разные сферы жизни общества. Авторами раскрыта сущность коррупции и основные виды ее проявлений, выделены главные причины, способствующие ее возникновению, а также рассмотрены инструменты, используемые при борьбе с ней. Кроме этого, авторы рассмотрели опыт других стран по борьбе с экономической преступностью в целях снижения уровня коррупции, поскольку благодаря данному сравнению появляется возможность эффективной борьбы и увеличения инструментария. Авторы, на основании полученных результатов исследования, сформировали общий вывод.
Embodying the American Century: The Long-Lasting U.S. Military Presence in Europe and the Case of Schinnen
Authors: Fazzi Dario
Published: September 2019

Scholars have interpreted the American global web of military bases as both outposts of empire and beacons of freedom. In Europe, in particular, U.S. military deployment has been quite exceptional: since the end of World War II, American bases have mushroomed and grown steadily all over the continent. Originally meant to keep Western Europe from totalitarianism, embed it in a system of collective, transatlantic security, and tie it firmly to the free market and capitalism, U.S. bases in Europe eventually projected and embodied the American century. Focusing on the case of an American base installed in the Dutch village of Schinnen, this article shows that American military outposts in Europe have constantly disseminated the American way of life in a number of ways: they have affected the local economy, generated cross-cultural encounters and deeply impacted the surrounding environment. Taking into account the positive as well as negative dynamics set into motion by the American military presence in Schinnen, this article invites further inquiry into the relationship between the centre of the American empire and its periphery, and puts the historical and historiographical viability of the American century to the test.
Recommendations On The Fight Against Nosocomial Infections Compliance In Health Facilities Of Yaounde (Cameroon)
Authors: Ekanga Georgette Ndongo , Gonsu Kamga Hortense , Same Ekobo Albert , Baiye William , Ntsomboh-Ntsefong Godswill , Essomba Arthur , Nukenine Elias
Published: September 2019

Background: Nosocomial infection’s (NIs) data are scarce in developing countries. In some of these countries, national guidelines for its prevention by health facilities have introduced surveillance recommendations including Infection Control Assessment Tool (ICAT). The aim of our study was to evaluate the compliance levels of NIs recommendations.

Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study from September to December 2018 in 10 health facilities in Yaounde. A checklist with two modules from the ICAT (Health Facility information and Infection Control Program) was used to determine the degree of compliance towards the recommendations by performing interviews, observations and consultation of documents.

Results: Sixty (60) % of health facilities are aware of the national guidelines and regulation on the fight against NIs but only 30% have adopted them.  Accreditation standards applicable to health facilities are not known by any of the health facilities. The recommendations concerning demographic characteristics, water supply and the general characteristics on rooms were generally respected (more than 50%) in 90% of the health facilities. 100% of health facilities had less than fifty (50)% compliance level for the fight against NIs recommendations with compliance levels below 15% for 50% of them. This worst compliance (less than 15%) was especially observed with recommended practices concerning responsibilities and authorities (40% of health facilities), functionality of infection and control committees (50% of health facilities), key personnel responsible for fight against NIs (30% of health facilities) and study of outbreaks and surveillance of NIs (100% of health facilities). Training programs on fight against NIs had better scores (30% of health facilities with more than 50% of compliance levels). The Fischer test shows that there is a significant relationship between the compliance with all these recommended practices and the health facility capacity (P= 0, 0476) .

Conclusion: NIs control programs in Yaounde health facilities are insufficient. Awareness, training, promotion and follow-up actions are necessary for the understanding and adoption of recommendations on the monitoring of NIs.
Application of Set Pair Analysis Model Based on Interval Number in Water Quality Evaluation
Authors: Jundong SI , Mian LU , Zhijun WU , Fanxiu LI
Published: September 2019

Aiming at the problem of losing information when the monitoring value is averaged during the water quality evaluation process, the method of converting the interval number into the contact number is proposed, and the interval number model of the set pair analysis number is established. The model was applied to the Fenhe River for water quality evaluation. The evaluation results were basically consistent with the results of the interval clustering method, and the value of i had no effect on the water quality evaluation results when [0,1]. The model calculation process in this paper is simple and fast, and the evaluation results are feasible and effective, which provides a scientific basis for water environment management.
Breastfeeding Knowledge, Altitude and Practices of Lactating Mothers in Mwanakia-A Case of Nairobi Metropolis
Authors: Nkirigacha Dr. Evayline Muthoni
Published: September 2019

The objective of the study to examine the breastfeeding knowledge, altitude and practices of lactating mothers 0-6 postpartum. This cross sectional study was conducted on 260 lactating women living in Mwanamukia, Nairobi Kenya. A structured questionnaire was used on social, socio-economic characteristics. SPSS version 20 and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient determined associations. More than half of the respondents were literate, married and lived in male headed households. Others business people, single and Meru ethnicity. Majority 36-40 years age category. Majority (61.6%) participated in urban agriculture.  57.3% of the respondents owned land.  88.5% had heard about exclusive breastfeeding, 96.2% breastfed exclusively for 4 months, 57.7 knew infant should be breastfed immediately after birth, 26.5% breastfeed after2-24 hours of delivery.67.3% frequent suckling does not increase milk production. 46.9% agreed an infant first food breastmilk, 26.5% cow’s milk and 23.8% porridge. 94.2% altitude exclusively breastfeed 6 months, 46.1% believed feed infant breast milk while 30.4% cow’s milk, 23.4% porridge. 48.1% breast milk sufficient, 82.7%  colostrum  be fed to infant, 17.3% colostrum.81.2% felt good giving infant something to eat before 6 months, 18.8%  afraid  child well cry. 52.7% felt exclusively breastfed not healthier than exclusively breastfed.94.1% breastfed last child. 50% breastfed immediately, 29.2% gave something after one month, 48.1% gave something after 2 months. 52.3% breastfed on demand, 34.2% when child cried. Illiterate Mothers had inappropriate feeding practices (OR1.578, CI 1.762-2.292). The study concludes that knowledge and practice did not have any relationship, altitude influenced feeding habits.
Procedimentos para extração de pigmentos fotossintetizantes em espécies frutíferas
Authors: Zimmer Barbosa Julierme , Scopel Wanessa , Vieira Márcio Luis
Published: September 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de extração de pigmentos fotossintetizantes contidos em discos foliares das espécies D. kaki, F. carica e P. persica com os seguintes procedimentos: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25 minutos sob aquecimento em banho-maria, nas temperaturas de 60 e 65 °C, com solução à base de álcool e incubação por 24 e 48 horas em refrigerador com solução à base de acetona e à base de álcool.  O trabalho foi realizado na Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (Unoesc), no município de São José do Cedro. Foram coletadas folhas de plantas jovens de caqui (Diospyros kaki), figo (Ficus carica) e pêssego (Prunus persica), cultivadas no pomar do Curso de Agronomia. A partir das folhas (in natura) foram obtidos discos foliares de 1 cm de diâmetro para proceder à extração de pigmentos, para tanto, dois ensaios foram realizados. No primeiro foi avaliada a extração com solução de álcool 80% em diferentes períodos, sob aquecimento em banho-maria a 60 e a 65 °C. No segundo a extração foi realizada com as soluções de álcool e acetona a 80%, após 24 e 48 horas de incubação em refrigerador. Em ambos os ensaios a determinação dos pigmentos clorofila a, b, total e carotenoides foi realizada mensurando-se a absorbância dos extratos pelo método espectrofotométrico.  Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, análise de regressão e ao teste de Tukey. A solução de acetona, sobretudo após a incubação dos discos foliares por 48 horas, apresentou alta eficiência de extração. Palavras-chave: Extração. Pigmentos fotossintetizantes. Frutíferas.
Testament szlachetnie urodzonej Anny Jezierskiej z 1745 roku. Analiza źródłoznawcza
Authors: Karkocha Małgorzata
Published: September 2019

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Dekalog historyka, czyli drogi i bezdroża dziejopisarstwa Marka Cetwińskiego
Authors: Czerniecka-Haberko Anna , Srogosz Tadeusz
Published: September 2019

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Estudo de Análise de Combustíveis Seguindo o Padrão Exigido pela Agência Nacional do Petróleo
Authors: Gomes Jonathan G. , Oliveira Marcos V. A. , Dias Márcio J. , Rodrigues Rosemberg F. N. , Oliveira Lorena F. S. , Menezes Vítor S. , Faria Eduardo C. M.
Published: September 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a composição do etanol hidratado, gasolina C e óleo diesel S-500 em um posto da cidade de Anápolis-GO, utilizando como parâmetro normas técnicas e resolução de n° 9 da ANP. Para tanto, foram coletadas 4 amostras de cada um dos combustíveis em estudo. A partir das análises realizadas, foram comparados os valores médios encontrados com os índices permitidos pela ANP, e pôde ser comprovado que nenhum dos combustíveis analisados estavam fora das especificações permitidas para comercialização. Logo, conclui-se que o posto estudado está fora das estatísticas goianas de irregularidades na comercialização de combustíveis, e que os combustíveis são de boa qualidade, não prejudicando o desempenho na queima desses combustíveis pelos automóveis.
Uma Revisão Sistemática sobre Interações de Halogênio em Derivados de Nitrobenzeno Substituídos
Authors: Ternavisk Ricardo R. , Hernández Gerardo A. , Custódio Jean M. F. , Camargo Ademir J. , Napolitano Hamilton B.
Published: September 2019

Este trabalho buscou analisar as interações de halogênio observadas em compostos derivados de 2,6-dibromonitrobenzeno, encontradas na literatura. As pesquisas foram realizadas nas bases de dados: Google Academic, Springer, PubMed e Science Direct. Foram identificados 102 trabalhos na busca inicial, dos quais somente 11 foram selecionados depois da aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão e da leitura dos trabalhos. Baseado nos trabalhos selecionados, somente parâmetros geométricos são considerados para investigação das interações de halogênio, cerca de 7 trabalhos. A partir desses dados, infere-se a demanda por uma análise mais detalhada do ponto de vista teórico das interações envolvendo átomos de halogênio para essa classe de compostos. Sobretudo, considerando as interações entre dois átomos da mesma família.
Enhancing the Environmental Impact Assessment for the Foreign Direct Investment Regime in Vietnam: an Analysis from Integration Perspective
Authors: Dung Tran Viet
Published: September 2019

Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays an important role in the economic growth of Vietnam, contributing to nearly 22 per cent of the GDP. To attract FDI the government has committed to promoting investment climate and ensuring FDI protection under various international arrangements. FDI inflows into the manufacturing and processing sectors have seen a strong increase after Vietnam’s successful accession to the WTO. However, FDI also contributes to various environmental problems and challenges in Vietnam. From 2008 to 2017, most serious environmental disputes related to manufacturing activities were caused by FDI enterprises. The sanctions against FDI enterprises, however, may jeopardise the state’s responsibilities under investment protection treaties. One of the few realistic approaches to strengthening the environmental management of FDI is to promote the participation of the public in the environmental risk assessment and amend the investment treaties to regulate the issue of environment management. This study will adopt an integrative approach by integrating the rules and principles of environmental management into the FDI regime of Vietnam.
Sanat Yoluyla Düşünme: Su Örneği
Authors: BİLİR Ayşe
Published: September 2019

Su, tüm canlılar için yaşamsal öneme sahiptir. Aynı zamanda sanat için de vazgeçilmez bir

ilham kaynağıdır. Yalnızca güzelliği ile değil, doğaya daha derin bir bakışı yansıtan mesajlar da

iletmektedir.

Sanatın yaşadığımız çevreyi güzelleştirme, değiştirme ve daha yaşanabilir kılma umuduna

sarılmayı temel alan bu araştırma, yaşamsal öneme sahip olan ‘Su’ konusunu sanat yoluyla

sorgulamayı hedeflemektedir. Sanat, akıl yürütme ve hayal gücünün gelişimine katkı sağladığı

gibi, ‘yaparken düşünmeyi’, bilgi edinmeyi, keşfetmeyi ve soru sormayı da içerir. Bir soruna çözüm

getirmek yerine bazen sorunu görünür kılmak da önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı da teknolojik

gelişmelerin endişe verici sonuçlarından biri olan ve canlı yaşamının geleceğini tehdit eden ‘su’

sorunu üzerine yine suyu sanat nesnesine dönüştürerek, sanat yoluyla düşünmek, düşündürmektir.

Psikoloji, Matematik, Dil ve Öğretmenlik gibi farklı disiplinlerde öğrenim görmekte olan gençlerin

gönüllü katılımcı olduğu araştırmada sanatın diliyle, sanatın elemanları kullanılarak uygulamalar

yapılmıştır. Uygulamaların ana teması ve ana malzemesi sudur. Suyu gündelik yaşantımızdaki

işlevsel kullanımının ötesine taşımak, sanatsal bir ifade aracı olarak ele almak ve bu yolla sorunlara

ilişkin farkındalık geliştirmek araştırmanın temel amaçları arasındadır. 
Artistik Seramiklerde Alternatif Bir Malzeme Olarak Lületaşı Kullanımı
Authors: SEVİM Sıdıka Sibel , ÇINAR Selim
Published: September 2019

Artistik seramikler sanatçının ele aldığı konu ve onun ardındaki tema bağlamında, duygu ve düşünceleri yansıtarak ve

bununla birlikte tasarım ve tekniğe bağlı olarak şekillenmektedir. Kırmızı çamur, stoneware, porselen çamuru vb. seçimler

sanatçının tasarımına ve seçeceği tekniğe bağlıdır. Sanatçı bazen anlatımı güçlendirmek adına seramik çamurunun

yanında ağaç, metal, cam, kum, taş gibi farklı malzemelere ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Bu malzemeler tasarımları güçlendirerek,

biçim dili bakımından farklı dokular oluşmasına ve sanatçı – sanat eseri – mesaj – alıcı dörtlüsü arasındaki bağlantıya

destek vermektedir. Farklı malzeme kullanımı zorunlu değil sanatçının kararına bağlıdır.

Seramikle birlikte tasarımı güçlendirmek amacıyla alternatif bir kullanım olanağı sağlayabilecek lületaşı; dünyanın

birçok bölgesinde madenleri olan değerli, beyaz ve tonlarında, işlenmesi oldukça kolay olan bir taş türüdür. Yaklaşık

üç yüz yıldır bu özellikleri sayesinde hem işlevsel hem de dekoratif amaçlı lületaşından birçok ürün yapılmaktadır. Bu

ürünler; başta pipolar olmak üzere sigara ağızlıkları, tespihler, takılar ve biblolardır. Ahşap, cam, plastik gibi birçok farklı

malzeme bahsi geçen ürünlerin şekillendirilmesinde lületaşı ile birlikte kullanılmaktadır. Ülkemizde lületaşı madenlerinin

büyük çoğunluğunun Eskişehir ve çevresinde yer alması ile birlikte bu bölgede çıkarılan lületaşı beyazlık ve işlenebilmesi

bakımından hem Türkiye hem de Dünya ölçeğinde en üst sıradadır.

Şekillendirilmesi kolay, renklendirilmeye müsait ve farklı malzemeler ile uyum sağlayan lületaşı; artistik seramik

yapımında tasarımı güçlendirmek adına seramik çamuru ile birlikte kullanılabilme olanağı sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada

yeni kullanım önerileri araştırılarak, lületaşı kullanımına da katkı sağlanması amaçlanmaktadır. Ayrıca artistik seramikler

araştırılarak gerekli tanımlamalar yapılmış ve artistik seramik yapımında seramik çamuru ile birlikte kullanılan farklı

malzemelere örnekler ile değinilmiştir. Lületaşının, malzeme ve tasarım yönü belirlenerek artistik seramik yapım sürecine

ne zaman, nasıl ve ne şekilde dâhil olabileceği uygulamalar ile araştırılmıştır. 
Importance of NS5 Protein for Zika Virus Survival
Authors: Elshahawi Hesham , Syed Hassan Sharifah , Balasubramaniam Vinod
Published: September 2019

ZIKV is the latest addition to an ever-growing list of arboviruses that are causing outbreaks with serious consequences. 14 mild cases were recorded between 1960 and 1980 until the first major outbreak was recorded in 2007 on Yap island followed by more severe outbreaks in French Polynesia (2013) and Brazil (2015) leading to a 20-fold increase in GBS and Microcephaly cases respectively. Various transmission methods have been recorded ranging from Aedes mosquito vector transmission to sexual and vertical transmission. No current vaccines or treatments are available but recent studies have taken interest in the NS5 protein which has both the RdRp & MTase domains making it important for viral replication alongside other important functions such as inhibiting the innate immune system thus ensuring virus survival and replication. Structural studies can help design inhibitors while biochemical studies can help understand the various mechanisms utilized by NS5 thus counteracting them can inhibit or abolish the viral infection. Drug repurposing has proven to be an effective tool since hundreds of thousands of compounds can be screened in-silico thus saving time and resources while also having information available on such compounds especially if they are already used to treat other ailments.
Anti Cutaneous Aging Effect of Red Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum) Extract on Gene Expression of Human Dermal Fibroblast
Authors: Lin Yung-Hsiang , Lin Yung-Kai , Chan Shu-Ting , Kan Kai-Wen , Lin Yu-Ting , Yu Chin-Hsiu
Published: September 2019

Red djulis (Chenopodium formosanum) is a native cereal plant in Taiwan; it contains abundant polyphenols, betalian and dietary fiber. The appearance of red djulis is bright red. Therefore, it is also called the “ruby of cereals”. The antioxidative activity of red djulis extract is well-understood. However, the antiaging function still remains unclear. This study examined the potential of red djulis extract for enhancing collagen secretion and preventing cutaneous aging using red djulis extracts. The red djulis extracts are comprised of an abundant active component that can effectively enhance the ability of collagen secretion of dermal fibroblasts, prevent the glycation of collagen and resist the damage of ultraviolet light exposure. After fibroblast treatment with red djulis extracts, TGM1, KRT1, KRT10 and SOD2 genes were up-regulated significantly by 2.3, 4.3, 4.4 and 27.3 times, respectively, compared to those of the control group. Additionally, it can increase COL1A2 gene expression by 43% and decrease MMP9 gene expression 33%. Therefore, it was demonstrated that red djulis extracts affect gene expressions related to the skin barrier, antioxidation and collagen. Moreover, we found positive effects on skin barrier integrity, endogenous antioxidant activity and skin collagen-preservation. The preparation of the red djulis extracts is environmental friendly and can promote the economic value of Chenopodium formosanum; thus, the proposed extract is suitable for applications in the development of food products, especially beverages, skin care and cosmetic products.
Nonlinearities Diminution in 40 Gb/s 256 QAM Radio over Fiber Link via Machine Learning Method
Authors: Hadi Muhammad Usman
Published: September 2019

Machine learning (ML) methodologies have been looked upon recently as a potential candidate for mitigating nonlinearity issues in optical communications. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate a 40-Gb/s 256-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal-based Radio over Fiber (RoF) system for 50 km of standard single mode fiber length which utilizes support vector machine (SVM) decision method to indicate an effective nonlinearity mitigation. The influence of different impairments in the system is evaluated that includes the influences of Mach-Zehnder Modulator nonlinearities, in-phase and quadrature phase skew of the modulator. By utilizing SVM, the results demonstrated in terms of bit error rate and eye linearity suggest that impairments are significantly reduced and licit input signal power span of 5dBs is enlarged to 15 dBs.