bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coupling high‐throughput and modeling approaches to streamline early‐stage process development for biologics
Authors: Welsh John P. , Altern Scott H. , Lyall Jessica Y. , Burgess Sean , Rauscher Michael A. , Lenhoff Abraham M. , Cramer Steven M. , Williams Chris
Published: January 2025

Platforms have long been implemented for downstream process development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to streamline development and reduce timelines. These platforms are also increasingly being used for other complex biologics modalities. While development has traditionally been conducted at the lab bench scale in a sequential manner, automated miniaturized and parallelized approaches like RoboColumns and resin plates have also been implemented for chromatographic screening. Additionally, mechanistic modeling for chromatographic separations has also seen increased use for development applications. In this manuscript, we propose a workflow with elements of both high‐throughput screening and modeling that provides a streamlined roadmap for early process development. The workflow utilizes automated resin plate screens to both narrow screening conditions and calibrate binding isotherm parameters. Mechanistic models are then used to characterize a robust range of conditions suitable for an early manufacturing process. Miniaturized RoboColumns then confirm the process space, thus completing the development without the use of any traditional lab‐scale columns. Case studies demonstrate the utility of this workflow for both cation‐exchange (CEX) and multimodal cation‐exchange (MMCEX) processes. Process parameter sensitivities across process ranges for the models are compared with typical design‐of‐experiment (DOE) statistical models. The models are able to predict the mAb product as well as aggregate impurities. This workflow provides a practical method to enable increased process understanding while also reducing timeline and material requirements for development.
Nanofiber‐based polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cells
Authors: Liu Ning , Bi Shuguang , Zhang Yi , Ou Ying , Gong Chunli , Ran Jianhua , Chen Yihuang , Yang Yingkui
Published: January 2025

Developing low‐cost and high‐performance nanofiber‐based polyelectrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications is a promising solution to energy depletion. Due to the high specific surface area and one‐dimensional long‐range continuous structure of the nanofiber, ion‐charged groups can be induced to form long‐range continuous ion transfer channels in the nanofiber composite membrane, significantly increasing the ion conductivity of the membrane. This review stands apart from previous endeavors by offering a comprehensive overview of the strategies employed over the past decade in utilizing both electrospun and natural nanofibers as key components of proton exchange membranes and anion exchange membranes for fuel cells. Electrospun nanofibers are categorized based on their material properties into two primary groups: (1) ionomer nanofibers, inherently endowed with the ability to conduct H+ (such as perfluorosulfonic acid or sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)) or OH− (e.g., FAA‐3), and (2) nonionic polymer nanofibers, comprising inert polymers like polyvinylidene difluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polyacrylonitrile. Notably, the latter often necessitates surface modifications to impart ion transport channels, given their inherent proton inertness. Furthermore, this review delves into the recent progress made with three natural nanofibers derived from biodegradable cellulose—cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibers, and bacterial nanofibers—as crucial elements in polyelectrolyte membranes. The effect of the physical structure of such nanofibers on polyelectrolyte membrane properties is also briefly discussed. Lastly, the review emphasizes the challenges and outlines potential solutions for future research in the field of nanofiber‐based polyelectrolyte membranes, aiming to propel the development of high‐performance polymer electrolyte fuel cells.
Process simulation on oxy‐fuel combustion of coal and biomass in a circulating fluidized bed
Authors: Liu Xuejiao , Liu Zecheng , Hu Yun , Zhong Wenqi
Published: January 2025

Appropriately evaluating the gas–solid hydrodynamics and reaction kinetics of reactors within process simulation approach can provide more accurate and comprehensive techno‐economic and environmental assessments, as well as more effective design and optimization for new processes and technologies. In this study, a one‐dimensional process simulation of biomass and coal oxy‐co‐firing in a 100 kWth circulating fluidized bed was developed, with the models for gas–solid hydrodynamics and synergistic reactions of two fuels being established in Aspen Plus software. The effects of fuel properties, gas atmosphere, and operating parameters on the combustion process, flue gas products, and heat distributions in the bed were studied. Results show that the proposed process models can successfully describe the oxy‐co‐firing of coal and biomass in the furnace including the pyrolysis and the combustions of gaseous volatile and char. Increasing the oxygen concentration and biomass blending ratio will improve the combustions in dense phase region and obviously increase the heat release in this region. More heating surfaces should be arranged in the dense phase region when retrofitting an existing circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler with air combustion to be the oxy‐fuel one. Additionally, the increase of oxygen concentration could reduce the emissions of pollutants such as CO and NOX, while the addition of biomass may bring a slight increase in NOX emission.
Experimental methods in chemical engineering–Validation of steady‐state simulation
Authors: Brucel Caroline , Thibault Émilie , Patience Gregory S. , Stuart Paul
Published: January 2025

Steady‐state simulation (Aspen, PRO/II, WinGEMS, CADSIM Plus) guides equipment selection, operating conditions, and optimization to design chemical processes like Kraft pulping, specialty chemicals, and petrochemical complexes. Ensuring that the simulation characterizes the yields, heat transfer loads, purity, utilities demand, and profitability requires data that represents the physicochemical and transport properties of each stream and unit operation. Here, we present strategies to validate steady‐state simulations against plant data and expectations from operators. To build and validate simulations requires real‐time data, but errors contaminate measurements and dynamic conditions—start‐up, shut‐downs, process upsets—compromise fidelity. A pre‐treatment step removes incongruous data to build the simulation on process conditions representative of steady‐state. Working through the process with experts (informal validation) and comparing simulation results with plant data (formal validation) reduces gross error with an objective to achieve a simulation accuracy to within one standard deviation of measurement variability. A bibliometric review highlights the limited focus on steady‐state simulation validation in the field of process engineering. Most articles mention accuracy but neglect to describe how it is evaluated. Despite this scarcity, validation remains a critical factor in various domains of chemical engineering research. Interviews with professionals offer a practical perspective on the applications of simulation in an industrial context like process monitoring, equipment performance analysis, operator training, and decision‐making. Finally, a case study demonstrates how to implement data treatment and validation for Kraft mill brownstock washing department: Applying multiple validation techniques increases the value and confidence in the simulation.
Development and Evaluation of the Antibacterial Properties of an Experimental Herbal Gel Against Cariogenic Bacteria
Authors: Sánchez‐Tito Marco , Tay Lidia Yileng , Zea‐Gamboa Francisco , Cartagena‐Cutipa Raúl , Flores‐Gómez Alysson , Spigno‐Paco Bruno , Salinas Brando Raul Mendoza , Calcina Jose Elias Zuñiga , Díaz Ingrit Elida Collantes
Published: January 2025

Background

Recently, products with antibacterial properties derived from medicinal plants have increased as an alternative to conventional drugs. Thus, this study aimed to formulate and evaluate the antibacterial activity of an experimental gel based on Grindelia tarapacana essential oil in a bacterial consortium.

Material and Methods

The composition of the essential oil (EO) was determined using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The antibacterial activity of the EO against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10556, and Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 13419 was evaluated using an Agar disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration methods. Five formulations of the experimental gel were prepared at 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% (v/v). The antibacterial susceptibility test was evaluated using an Agar‐Well diffusion assay against a bacterial consortium of S. mutans, S. sanguinis, and S. salivarius. The physical properties, pH, spreadability, gel morphology, phase separation, and drug release were evaluated. The experimental gels were compared with a chlorhexidine gel. Data were analyzed with one‐way ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis tests with a significant level of 5%.

Results

The major components of the EO were bornyl acetate, α‐isomethyl‐E‐nerolidol, germacrene B, E‐nerolidol, α‐cedrene‐epoxide, fokienol, and 10‐epi‐γ‐eudesmol. All formulations were effective in inhibiting bacterial growth. The 2% concentration presented inhibition zones (18.14 ± 1.01 mm) similar to those observed for the chlorhexidine gel (p > 0.05). All formulations were stable, without signs of separation, with adequate physical properties, and no significant differences were observed regarding the drug content with the chlorhexidine gel (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

The experimental gels based on G. tarapacana EO presented good physicochemical properties and were highly effective in inhibiting the growth of a cariogenic bacterial consortium.
Unleashing Enviropreneurship Toward Innovation: Unraveling Frugal Innovation and Green Innovation Through Zero Waste Management in Circular Economy
Authors: Li Dan , Gong Chunling , Palazzo Maria , Yousaf Zahid
Published: January 2025

Focused on human well‐being and social responsibility, this study explores the complex relationships within sustainable entrepreneurship and explores whether enviropreneurship significantly impacts both frugal innovation and green innovation. The analysis also studies whether there are possible beneficial links between zero waste management, frugal innovation, and green innovation. Additionally, through assessing the level to which these items come together in sustainable strategic actions, the paper shows the correlation among two important topics: Enviropreneurship and zero waste management. The study explores at the relations between zero waste management and frugal innovation as well as green innovation, examining whether these aspects of innovation have a positive relationship with effective waste management techniques in the presences of enviropreneurship. The paper analyses interactions between enviropreneurship, frugal innovation and green innovation, and the mediation role of zero‐waste management. A total of 273 managers in the manufacturing sector completed the survey and the results were analyzed applying SPSS 25.0 and structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings confirmed significant association among enviropreneurship, zero waste management, frugal innovation, and green innovation. Furthermore, findings also revealed that zero waste management have positive intervention role between enviropreneurship and frugal and green innovation.
Rapid and Simple Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) Sample Preparation for Propofol Analysis in Hair, Blood, and Urine by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Odoardi Sara , Mestria Serena , Valentini Valeria , Biosa Giulia , Strano Rossi Sabina
Published: January 2025

Propofol is a widely used anesthetic. Although considered safe, propofol‐related deaths occur, as it is sometimes abused recreationally or used to commit suicide. A simple, rapid, and reliable method for its analysis in various biological samples is needed. Sample clean‐up is a critical step in the analysis, both in terms of time and cost, indeed. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) is a simple and fast extraction based on ternary solvent mixtures that uses small volumes of solvent and sample. A DLLME extraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis was developed and validated for the analysis of propofol in blood, urine, and hair. The same extraction mixture of 2.5:1 methanol/chloroform was used for the different biological samples. Validation for linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision, accuracy, and recovery gave satisfactory results for the three types of biological samples included in the study, with limits of quantification of 1 μg/mL for urine, 0.2 μg/mL for blood, and 0.1 ng/mg for hair. The DLLME procedure for purification involves a small amount of solvent, thus reducing the cost and the environmental impact. In addition, a high enrichment factor is obtained, and the time for analysis is short. The method was applied to authentic post‐mortem samples for the determination of propofol in blood, urine, and hair. Also, segmental hair analysis was performed to assess chronic propofol abuse. The developed method proved to be rapid, simple, and cost‐effective for blood, urine, and hair extract clean‐up for the determination of propofol by GC/MS.
Improving hydroacoustic methods for monitoring suspended‐sand flux and grain size in sediment‐laden rivers
Authors: Marggraf Jessica , Le Coz Jérôme , Camenen Benoît , Lauters François , Dramais Guillaume , Pierrefeu Gilles , Topping David J.
Published: January 2025

Suspended‐sand concentration and grain‐size data in rivers provide valuable information on the catchment's dynamics for scientists and river managers. Producing continuous measurements of suspended‐sand concentrations remains a scientific challenge due to their high spatial and temporal variability. Traditional methods such as sediment‐rating curves may be highly uncertain, and optical turbidity is insensitive to coarse particles when there are many fine particles. Surrogate hydroacoustic methods aim to improve sand concentration measurements. These single‐ or dual‐frequency acoustic methods use acoustic attenuation and/or backscatter to estimate fine‐sediment (i.e., silt and clay) and/or sand concentration and possibly grain size. New methods have recently been developed and applied in rivers exhibiting a wide range of sediment conditions in North America but not independently tested elsewhere by other researchers. In this article, we apply, adapt and evaluate hydroacoustic methods to continuously estimate suspended‐sand concentration and grain size in an Alpine river with high suspended‐sediment concentrations. From the example of the River Isère at Grenoble Campus, France, we show that the hydroacoustic methods adapted to local conditions may yield valuable sand concentration estimates consistent with traditional measurements. Compared with prior knowledge, limited additional information on the grain size can be obtained due to high uncertainties. Hydroacoustic concentration estimates are more sensitive to real changes in concentration at the event scale than traditional rating‐curve methods that relate concentration to discharge only. These findings open the perspective for facilitated sand concentration monitoring at a higher temporal resolution with decreased field work.
Secured DDoS Attack Detection in SDN Using TS‐RBDM With MDPP‐Streebog Based User Authentication
Authors: Dandotiya Monika , Makwana Rajni Ranjan Singh
Published: January 2025

In a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack, the attacker aims to render a network resource unavailable to its intended users. A novel Software Defined Networking (SDN)‐centered secured DDoS attack detection system is presented in this paper by utilizing TanhSoftmax‐Restricted Boltzmann Dense Machines (TS‐RBDM) with a Mean Difference of Public key and Private key based Streebog (MDPP‐Streebog) user authentication algorithm. Primarily, in the registration phase, the users have registered their device details. The two‐stage login process is performed after successful registration. Then, in the network layer, the nodes are initialized, and via the Gate/Router, the sensed data is transmitted to the SDN controller to enhance network energy efficiency. Later, by using the CIC DDoS 2019 dataset, the DDoS detection system is trained. This dataset undergoes preprocessing, and features are extracted from it. By employing the Adaptive Synthetic (ADASYN) technique, data balancing is achieved. Lastly, by using the TS‐RBDM technique, the data is trained. The sensed data is categorized as either attacked or non‐attacked data within this trained DDoS detection system. By employing the Entropy Binomial probability‐based Shanon‐Fano‐Elias (EB‐SFE) technique, the non‐attacked data will be encoded and transmitted to the receiving terminal. Lastly, the experiential assessment illustrated that the proposed DDoS detection system attained 98% accuracy with 37 485 ms minimal training time, thus outperforming all state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Numerical Simulation of Overburden Deformation Mechanism and Surface Settlement Characteristics Induced by Underground Coal Mining: A Case Study
Authors: Li Qihang , Wang Yunmin , Wang Jiawen , Gong Bin , Li Xiaoshuang
Published: January 2025

Underground mining in mountainous regions presents a significant geological hazard, characterised by the occurrence of land subsidence and movement of overlying strata. To aggrandise the theory of mine rock mechanics, we conducted a systematic investigation into the deformation and failure mechanisms of overlying strata as well as the patterns of surface subsidence in mountainous regions. With the method of engineering mechanics and theoretical analysis, supplemented by the universal distinct element code (UDEC) numerical simulation, the mining status of Songzao mine was simulated effectively. Herein, the results revealed that the nonlinearity of the overlying strata failure field occurred during mining, as evidenced by an increase in the failure field when the coal approached the seam roof. The subsidence curve of the underlying lower strata exhibits an inverted trapezoid pattern, while that of the overlying upper overburden displays a funnel‐shaped trend. Additionally, the upward transmission displacement velocity was significantly attenuated due to the shielding effect exerted by the key stratum in the overburden, resulting in a greater spatial separation from the underlying strata. The critical stratum fractures as the working face advanced to 120 m, subsequently leading to an increase in vertical displacement and cessation of surface subsidence. The surface subsidence value and speed, however, exhibited a gradual increase as the coal seam mining progressed. Due to the influence of mountain surface landforms, the subsidence value of convex landforms surpasses that of concave landforms, thereby expediting the rate of subsidence and resulting in geological hazards.
Health Shock Effects on Diet: More Severe Shock—Stronger Response?
Authors: Edenbrandt Anna Kristina , Skak‐Hansen Kim Wadt , Smed Sinne
Published: January 2025

We investigate whether the severity of lifestyle‐related health shocks affects the response in dietary patterns. Using data from official patient registers in Denmark, we analyze the effects from strong health shock (SHS) occurrences (cardiovascular disease) and mild health shock (MHS) occurrences (arterial hypertension and hypercholesterolemia). These data are combined with scanner data on food purchases obtained from a consumer panel. Our analysis examines dietary effects stemming from these health shocks, including various nutrients, food groups, and overall adherence to dietary guidelines. Our findings reveal immediate dietary responses to both severe and mild health shocks, with a larger effect observed for SHS compared to MHS. However, among individuals previously exposed to mild health shocks, we observe minimal to no alteration in food consumption after experiencing a SHS. We argue that failing to account for this potential self‐selection may lead to a misconception that severe health shocks do not result in dietary improvements.
Continental Preferences in Reconstruction of Pharyngolaryngectomy Defects: A Multi‐National Survey
Authors: Karantanis William , Larson Andrew R. , Singh Ravjit , Deschler Daniel G. , Pai Prathamesh S. , Havas Thomas E.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Reconstruction of total pharyngolaryngectomy defects may restore pharyngeal function and enable tracheoesophageal speech after resection of locoregionally advanced malignancy. Little remains known about variations in the practices and preferences of surgeons across differing global regions.

Methods

A survey was sent to reconstructive head and neck surgeons across three continents with responses analyzed to evaluate trends.

Results

Of 155 respondents, 79.4% (n = 123) completed the survey including surgeons from North America (USA/Canada), the Indian Subcontinent (India/Bangladesh) and Australia/New Zealand. Among surgeons trained in pedicle flap reconstruction, only 47.5% performed these procedures after completion of training. Pedicle flaps were performed most frequently by surgeons from the Indian subcontinent. The anterolateral thigh flap was most popular among surgeons for free flap reconstruction, 58.5% (n = 72).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates significant region‐based variation in preferred reconstructive modality, suggesting location of practice and institutional experience influence the reconstructive algorithms of head and neck surgeons.
Structure and Magnetic Properties of a Series of Uranium Bis‐Siloxide Complexes
Authors: Barluzzi Luciano , Zivkovic Ivica , Fadaei‐Tirani Farzaneh , Clérac Rodolphe , Mazzanti Marinella
Published: January 2025

Despite their synthetic interest and potential attractive properties, the preparation of heteroleptic U(III) complexes containing monodentate ligands remains challenging. Here we report the synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of three heteroleptic U(III) complexes containing two siloxide donors in the coordination sphere. The bis‐siloxide monoiodide complex [U(OSi(OtBu)3)2I(thf)3], 1 provides a very attractive precursor for accessing heteroleptic complexes and rationally modify the binding angle between the two strongly donating siloxide ligands. Here we reacted 1 with macrocyclic ligands to yield complexes [[U(OSi(OtBu)3)2(crypt)]I, 3 and [[U(OSi(OtBu)3)2(18c6)]I, 4. Magnetic studies of these compounds offer a snapshot on how the SMM properties depend on the local symmetry in the presence of siloxide ligands. The static and dynamic magnetic properties of these compounds reveal a weak dependence of their single‐molecule magnet behavior on the local symmetry.
Epigenomics‐guided precision oncology: Chromatin variants in prostate tumor evolution
Authors: Furlano Kira , Keshavarzian Tina , Biernath Nadine , Fendler Annika , de Santis Maria , Weischenfeldt Joachim , Lupien Mathieu
Published: January 2025

Prostate cancer is a common malignancy that in 5%–30% leads to treatment‐resistant and highly aggressive disease. Metastasis‐potential and treatment‐resistance is thought to rely on increased plasticity of the cancer cells—a mechanism whereby cancer cells alter their identity to adapt to changing environments or therapeutic pressures to create cellular heterogeneity. To understand the molecular basis of this plasticity, genomic studies have uncovered genetic variants to capture clonal heterogeneity of primary tumors and metastases. As cellular plasticity is largely driven by non‐genetic events, complementary studies in cancer epigenomics are now being conducted to identify chromatin variants. These variants, defined as genomic loci in cancer cells that show changes in chromatin state due to the loss or gain of epigenomic marks, inclusive of histone post‐translational modifications, DNA methylation and histone variants, are considered the fundamental units of epigenomic heterogeneity. In prostate cancer chromatin variants hold the promise of guiding the new era of precision oncology. In this review, we explore the role of epigenomic heterogeneity in prostate cancer, focusing on how chromatin variants contribute to tumor evolution and therapy resistance. We therefore discuss their impact on cellular plasticity and stochastic events, highlighting the value of single‐cell sequencing and liquid biopsy epigenomic assays to uncover new therapeutic targets and biomarkers. Ultimately, this review aims to support a new era of precision oncology, utilizing insights from epigenomics to improve prostate cancer patient outcomes.
Modelling of Cowpea Response to Varying Irrigation and SAP Levels Under Greenhouse Conditions Using AquaCrop
Authors: Benard Dorcas Ndunge , Obiero J. P. O. , Mbuge D. O. , Marta Anna Dalla
Published: January 2025

Irrigation water management is key to promoting resilient crop production amidst the increasing effects of climate change. Super absorbent polymer (SAP) is an innovative technology for conserving irrigation water within arid and semi‐arid lands (ASALs). AquaCrop, a water productivity model, has been used for irrigation water management. This study aimed to model the response of cowpea to various irrigation and SAP levels under greenhouse conditions via AquaCrop. The experiments included five SAP application rates [0% (control), 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15% and 0.2% to weight of the soil substrate] and five irrigation levels [full irrigation (FI), and 80%, 70%, 60% and 30% FI]. The AquaCrop model simulations matched the observed values with a normalized root mean square error of less than 16%. The simulated yield and biomass for full irrigation and 0% SAP were 5.1 and 11.0 t/ha, respectively, whereas the observed values were 5.3 and 10.8 t/ha, respectively. Treatments with SAP showed increased yield, biomass, water productivity (WPET) and harvest index (HI) with increased water stress up to 137%, 17%, 10% and 117%, respectively. Thus, SAP can improve crop production, and the AquaCrop model is suitable for improving irrigation water productivity within ASALs where water is scarce.
Application of Self‐Healing Hydrogels in the Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Authors: Guo Cunliang , Jiao Xinyi , Du Xiaoxun , Zhang Tongxing , Peng Bing , Xu Baoshan
Published: January 2025

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is one of the leading causes of chronic pain and disability, and traditional treatment methods often struggle to restore its complex biomechanical properties. This article explores the innovative application of self‐healing hydrogels in the treatment of IDD, offering new hope for disc repair due to their exceptional self‐repair capabilities and adaptability. As a key support structure in the human body, intervertebral discs are often damaged by trauma or degenerative changes. Self‐healing hydrogels not only mimic the mechanical properties of natural intervertebral discs but also self‐repair when damaged, thereby maintaining stable functionality. This article reviews the self‐healing mechanisms and design strategies of self‐healing hydrogels and, for the first time, outlines their potential in the treatment of IDD. Furthermore, the article looks forward to future developments in the field, including intelligent material design, multifunctional integration, encapsulation and release of bioactive molecules, and innovative combinations with tissue engineering and stem cell therapy, offering new perspectives and strategies for IDD treatment.
Magnetic Resonance Acoustic Radiation Force Imaging (MR‐ARFI)
Authors: Odéen Henrik , Payne Allison H. , Parker Dennis L.
Published: January 2025

This review covers the theoretical background, pulse sequence considerations, practical implementations, and multitudes of applications of magnetic resonance acoustic radiation force imaging (MR‐ARFI) described to date. MR‐ARFI is an approach to encode tissue displacement caused by the acoustic radiation force of a focused ultrasound field into the phase of a MR image. The displacement encoding is done with motion encoding gradients (MEG) which have traditionally been added to spin echo‐type and gradient recalled echo‐type pulse sequences. Many different types of MEG (monopolar, bipolar, tripolar etc.) have been described and pros and cons are discussed. We further review studies investigating the safety of MR‐ARFI, as well as approaches to simulate the MR‐ARFI displacement. Lastly, MR‐ARFI applications such as for focal spot localization, tissue stiffness interrogation following thermal ablation, trans‐skull aberration correction, and simultaneous MR‐ARFI and MR thermometry are discussed.

Evidence Level

N/A

Technical Efficacy

Stage 1
Unveiling the Dynamics of User Engagement: Exploring Factors Shaping User Intentions and Return Behavior in Hotel Gamified Mobile Applications
Authors: Parapanos Demos , Michopoulou Eleni
Published: January 2025

The surge in mobile technologies has prompted extensive research, driven by the widespread adoption of mobile devices and advancements in related technologies. Within the hospitality industry, mobile applications have fundamentally altered consumer behavior, highlighting the insufficiency of merely establishing a mobile presence for increased engagement. In contrast, the gaming industry has effectively explored factors influencing usage, achieving both engagement and profitability. The evolution of mobile gaming applications suggests ample opportunity for the proliferation of gamified applications. Utilizing quantitative data from 763 mobile users with hotel visitation experience, using CFA the study identifies six factors (i.e., perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, interactivity), that collectively play a crucial role in influencing users' decisions not only to initially adopt but also to revisit and sustain their interaction with hotel gamified mobile apps. The research enriches theoretical understanding of mobile use behavior in the hospitality sector, offering valuable insights for hotel marketers to optimize the design and promotion of gamified mobile applications, thereby shaping users' return behavior.
Successful Linkage of Electronic Medical Records and National Health Data System in Type 2 Diabetes Research: Methodological Insights and Implications
Authors: Goff Romane Le , Brice Sandrine , Contini Andrea , Boussac Marjorie , Souche Arnaud , Belloc Fabien , Coulombel Nicolas , Collin Cédric , Gouverneur Amandine , Molimard Mathieu
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study assesses success and methodological implications of linking IQVIA's Electronic Medical Records (EMR) of type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with the National Health Data System (SNDS) database, a cornerstone process in healthcare research.

Methods

The OREOT cohort was constituted by T2D patients identified in the IQVIA EMR from 2014 to 2018 and linked indirectly to SNDS database. The EMR database contains clinical records from general practitioner consultations, representing ~2.8% of the French population and the SNDS claims database covers over 99% of the French population's healthcare activities. Linkage success was evaluated by the linkage rate. Baseline patients' characteristics were described for both linked and non‐linked patients.

Results

Of the 291 408 T2D patients identified in the EMR, 244 656 (84%) were successfully linked. After technical data cleaning, 239 141 (82%) were finally linked. Linked and non‐linked patients (n = 52,267) were aged 65 years and more frequently male (57% and 59%); half were obese, and most of comorbidities were consistent. Linked patients had more EMR consultations (median 32 vs 16), and more cardiovascular events (12% vs 7%) or chronic kidney disease (10% vs 7%).

Conclusions

The successful linkage of EMR and SNDS databases provides valuable insights for future research in T2D and other chronic diseases requiring clinical data. This study demonstrates the feasibility of such data alignments, particularly in patients with complex health profiles or extensive medical records, and linkage potential to enhance real‐world research quality. Despite higher prevalence of baseline comorbidities among linked patients, patients' characteristics were consistent with French T2D population.
Use of Potentially Nephrotoxic Drugs in Type 2 Diabetes Patients on SGLT2i: A Trajectories Analysis
Authors: Yang Lanting , Guo Jingchuan , Kane‐Gill Sandra L , Gabriel Nico , Empey Kerry M , Suh Kangho , Kirisci Levent , Hernandez Inmaculada
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To characterize trajectories of nephrotoxic potential (NxP) drug use among older adults with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) treated with SGLT2is and identify associated patient characteristics.

Methods

Using 2012–2019 Medicare data, we selected patients with T2D who filled at least one prescription for SGLT2is. Index date was the date of the first SGLT2i prescription filled. We quantified the number of drugs with NxP used every month during the first 12 months following the index date. The monthly counts of drugs with NxP were incorporated into the group‐based trajectory model to identify groups with similar drug use patterns. Finally, we performed a multinomial logistic regression model to examine the association between patient characteristics and group membership.

Results

The study cohort comprised 8811 Medicare beneficiaries with T2D who initiated SGLT2i during the study period with the mean age 67.5 ± 10.6 years. We identified 3 trajectories NxP drug use: no (n = 2142, 24%), low (n = 4752, 54%) and high (n = 1917, 22%) use of drugs with NxP, with patients falling into these categories based on the number of drugs with NxP they used over the time: no drugs, one drug, or two or more drugs. Age, gender, low‐income subsidy eligibility and clinical characteristics were associated with group membership.

Conclusions

We successfully identified three trajectory groups, with a substantial proportion of patients showing low use of drugs with NxP. Both social and clinical factors were associated with the use of NxP drugs.
Tubular EVA copolymer/SiO2/PEG composite membrane for CO2 removal from household biogas
Authors: Watasit Prachya , Ausavasukhi Artit , Rukchonlatee Suparat , Sooknoi Tawan , Ritvirulh Chonlada
Published: January 2025

The fuel efficiency of household biogas is generally regulated by its CO2 content (25%–50%). To improve its heating value, atmospheric CO2 removal of household biogas using a polymeric membrane was attempted to avoid a complicated separation process. A tubular membrane of poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate), composed of 28% and 18% vinyl acetate (E28 and E18) modified with SiO2 and polyethylene glycol (PEG), was fabricated by blown film extrusion. Model biogas containing CO2/CH4 (40/60 v/v) was separated in an in‐house continuous gas separation module, in which CO2 was mainly permeated out of the tubular membrane at atmospheric pressure. Blending the E28 matrix with E18 (10 wt%) improves the membrane processability and inhibits the CH4 permeation, leading to enhanced CO2/CH4 selectivity (from ~2.3 to 2.9). Well‐dispersed SiO2 particles (0.5 wt%) increase the membrane modulus and suppress CH4 loss. However, adding more SiO2 (0.75–1.0 wt%) leads to higher total gas permeation flux with lower CO2/CH4 selectivity due to particle agglomeration. Incorporation of PEG (0.5–1.5 wt%) increased the membrane polarity and CO2 permeability. The CO2/CH4 selectivity was also improved (~5.3), only up to 1.0 wt% PEG content.

Highlights

Composite EVA/SiO2/PEG membrane separates CO2/CH4 at atmospheric pressure.

The concentration gradient across the membrane drives CO2/CH4 permeation.

Adding SiO2 hinders CH4 permeability and enhances CO2/CH4 selectivity.

Increasing PEG content enhances membrane polarity and interaction with CO2.
Bayesian Sample Size Calculation in Small n, Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trials (snSMART)
Authors: Fang Fang , Tamura Roy N. , Braun Thomas M. , Kidwell Kelley M.
Published: January 2025

A recent study design for clinical trials with small sample sizes is the small n, sequential, multiple assignment, randomized trial (snSMART). An snSMART design has been previously proposed to compare the efficacy of two dose levels versus placebo. In such a trial, participants are initially randomized to receive either low dose, high dose or placebo in stage 1. In stage 2, participants are re‐randomized to either dose level depending on their initial treatment and a dichotomous response. A Bayesian analytic approach borrowing information from both stages was proposed and shown to improve the efficiency of estimation. In this paper, we propose two sample size determination (SSD) methods for the proposed snSMART comparing two dose levels with placebo. Both methods adopt the average coverage criterion (ACC) approach. In the first approach, the sample size is calculated in one step, taking advantage of the explicit posterior variance of the treatment effect. In the other two step approach, we update the sample size needed for a single‐stage parallel design with a proposed adjustment factor (AF). Through simulations, we demonstrate that the required sample sizes calculated using the two SSD approaches both provide the desired power. We also provide an applet to allow for convenient and fast sample size calculation in this snSMART setting.
Advances in Research on Marine Natural Products for Modulating the Inflammatory Microenvironment
Authors: Li Yuru , Li Guangjie , Feng Jingwen , Li Songlin , Liu Ning
Published: January 2025

In recent years, marine natural products (MNPs) have emerged as crucial sources of lead compounds for the advancement of anti‐inflammatory drugs due to their abundant diversity, complexity, and distinctiveness. Inflammatory microenvironments (IMEs) are pervasive pathological features in the etiology of various chronic diseases, referring to the localized milieu or ecosystem where inflammatory responses occur, and they play a pivotal role in the onset and progression of inflammatory diseases. Uncontrolled IMEs can lead to dysregulation of inflammatory mediators within signaling pathways, thereby exerting detrimental effects on human health and even contributing to the development of inflammatory diseases such as cancer. Currently, inflammation treatment predominantly relies on chemical drugs. Nevertheless, these existing therapies are constrained by their numerous side effects and slow remission of symptoms. Consequently, there is an urgent need for the discovery and development of new drugs that exhibit minimal side effects while exerting potent anti‐inflammatory effects. This article extensively explored the activities and mechanisms of MNPs (covering studies from 2010 to 2024) regulating key signaling pathways and inflammatory mediators in the IME, which establishes a theoretical basis for the further development of anti‐inflammatory drugs.
Optimal Design of S2‐EWMA Control Chart with Estimated Parameters Based on Median Run Length and Expected Median Run Length
Authors: Ong KerHsin , Teh SinYin , Soh KengLin , Chong Zhi Lin , Khoo Michael BoonChong
Published: January 2025

Control chart application is essential in improving overall production yield and enhancing product quality. Basically, known parameters and estimated parameters have different effects on control chart properties. This work aims to study the effects of parameter estimation for the Shewhart S‐chart and S2 EWMA control chart in the context of process variance monitoring. The methodologies to optimally design both the charts in terms of median run length (MRL), standard deviation run length (SDRL), expected median run length (EMRL), and the expected standard deviation run length (ESDRL) are proposed. Then, through simulation studies and real word case analyses, the impacts of parameter estimation on control chart properties are assessed. Results show that both the Shewhart S‐chart and S2 EWMA control chart react differently with estimated parameters. The estimated Shewhart S‐chart is less sensitive to changes in terms of subgroup size (m) but the sensitivity improves as the sample size (n) increases. Instead, the estimated S2 EWMA control chart shows better chart sensitivity to both m and n. This demonstrates that the control chart is more responsive to changes in m, making it effective when it comes to detecting variations associated with changes in m. Ultimately, acquiring knowledge about parameter estimation on control chart properties helps practitioners to efficiently implement control chart applications in real‐life scenarios.
Data‐Driven Stealthy Attacks Detection in Cyber‐Physical Systems Based on Complex Dynamical Networks Encoding Strategy
Authors: Wang Jun‐Lan , Li Xiao‐Jian
Published: January 2025

This article develops a novel data‐driven stealthy attack detection strategy for a class of cyber‐physical systems (CPSs) with external disturbances. First, it is proved that there exists a class of data‐driven stealthy attacks designed by the subspace identification method, which cannot be detected by the existing detection protocols including the constant matrix‐based encoding strategy. Then, in order to overcome this difficulty, the complex dynamical networks (CDNs) and the encoding/decoding technique are introduced to detect the data‐driven stealthy attacks. In particular, the synchronization technique is adopted to ensure the consistency of the key sequences in encoding/decoding process, so that the encoded information on the decoder can be correctly recovered without attacks. In addition, the case of information leakage is analyzed, and it is demonstrated that the existing encoding detection strategy based on single node chaotic systems is ineffective, while the proposed one enhances the complexity of the encoding link and can still distinguish the stealthy attacks. In the end, simulations for the model of a DC motor system are performed to verify the effectiveness of the presented CDNs‐based encoding detection scheme.
From Social Responsibility to Market Leadership: The Role of Targeted Poverty Alleviation in Enhancing Firm Competitiveness
Authors: Li Rensi , Tian Haowen , Wu Sirui
Published: January 2025

This study examines the impact of corporate participation in targeted poverty alleviation on product market competitiveness, using a research timeframe of 2011 to 2020 and focusing on Chinese publicly listed firms. Applying a difference‐in‐differences model, we find that engagement in targeted poverty alleviation significantly enhances product market competitiveness, especially for firms pioneering industrial poverty alleviation and those in highly competitive markets. Additionally, participation in these initiatives drives corporate innovation, mitigates financial constraints, boosts employee productivity, and strengthens trade credit. These results demonstrate positive stakeholder responses—including governments, employees, suppliers, and customers—toward corporate sustainability endeavors.
Economic Complexity and Sectoral Performance in Africa: The Role of Economic Governance Institutions
Authors: Ogbuabor Jonathan Emenike , Agu Christian , Onah Benjamin Udoka , Urama Chinasa E.
Published: January 2025

In line with earlier research on economic development, which viewed development as a process of structural modification of the productive structure, this study concentrates on economic complexity and its role in the developmental process. We studied how economic complexity and economic governance institutions affect sectoral performance in Africa, and how economic governance institutions are moderating the economic complexity‐sectoral performance nexus in the region. The study covered a sample of 30 African countries over the period 2010–2021, and used both the dynamic system GMM and the Driscoll and Kraay (1998) standard errors fixed effect estimation techniques. We find that economic complexity and economic governance institutions individually have negative unconditional effects on the agricultural, manufacturing, and services sectors in Africa. We also find that economic governance institutions on the continent failed to moderate the adverse effect of economic complexity on sectoral performance. These findings indicate that the low level of economic complexity in African economies and the weak governance institutions that have plagued the continent have both contributed to its poor sectoral performance. In line with these findings, we provided policy recommendations, which emphasized the need for economic diversification and governance institutional reform in Africa.
A Redox‐Active Copper Complex for Orthogonal Detection of Homocysteine Involving Fluorescence and Electrochemical Techniques
Authors: Debnath Snehasish , Paramasivam Sriraja Subhasri , Pradhan Debjani , Manickam Pandiaraj , Chatterjee Pabitra B.
Published: January 2025

The present work reports the synthesis, characterization, and excited state photo‐physical studies of two copper(II) compounds, 1 & 2, which show interference‐free emission with homocysteine (Hcy). Cu(II) complexes offer an orthogonal detection strategy involving fluorescence and electrochemical methods, paving the way for improved point‐of‐care diagnostics and early cardiovascular diseases intervention. The reduction‐induced emission enhancement (RIEE) of Cu complexes facilitates the fluorescence measurement of Hcy at physiological pH. The fluorogenic redox‐active 1 and 2 are deposited onto gold electrode surfaces to construct the electrochemical sensors 1@Au and 2@Au, respectively. Under specific alkaline conditions, a distinct and selective redox peak at 0.6 V (vs Ag/AgCl) emerges for 1@Au upon interaction with homocysteine. Further, square wave voltammetry confirms the non‐interference of its congener (cysteine) even at high concentrations (200 µM) while detecting Hcy (5–100 µM), demonstrating its potential for real‐world applications. The fabricated 1@Au exhibits excellent sensitivity of 31.88 µA/µM, with an impressive detection limit of 2.26 nM, and a limit of quantification of 6.85 nM toward Hcy. The analytical applicability of the 1@Au is validated by quantifying Hcy levels in human blood plasma samples. The results highlighted the feasibility of the proposed technique as a rapid and portable monitoring of Hcy in diagnosing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
An In Vivo Biostability Evaluation of ALD and Parylene‐ALD Multilayers as Micro‐Packaging Solutions for Small Single‐Chip Implants
Authors: Nanbakhsh Kambiz , Van Gompel Matthias , Ritasalo Riina , Gollhardt Astrid , Horváth Domonkos , Tóth Kinga , Meszéna Domokos , Ulbert István , Serdijn Wouter , Giagka Vasiliki
Published: January 2025

Miniaturization of next‐generation active neural implants requires novel micro‐packaging solutions that can maintain their long‐term coating performance in the body. This work presents two thin‐film coatings and evaluates their biostability and in vivo performance over a 7‐month animal study. To evaluate the coatings on representative surfaces, two silicon microchips with different surface microtopography are used. Microchips are coated with either a ≈100 nm thick inorganic hafnium‐based multilayer deposited via atomic layer deposition (ALD‐ML), or a ≈6 µm thick hybrid organic–inorganic Parylene C and titanium‐based ALD multilayer stack (ParC‐ALD‐ML). After 7 months of direct exposure to the body environment, the multilayer coatings are evaluated using optical and cross‐sectional scanning electron microscopy. Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) is also used to evaluate the chemical stability and barrier performance of the layers after long‐term exposure to body media. Results showed the excellent biostability of the 100 nm ALD‐ML coating with no ionic penetration within the layer. For the ParC‐ALD‐ML, concurrent surface degradation and ion ingress are detected within the top ≈70 nm of the outer Parylene C layer. The results and evaluation techniques presented here can enable future material selection, packaging, and analysis, enhancing the functional stability of future chip‐embedded neural implants.