bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Сингулярные расширения силлогистики Лукасевича
Authors: Маркин В.И.
Published: October 2019

Мы реализуем две системы силлогистики с единичными терминами, которые являются расширениями силлогистики Лукасевича. На языке первой системы единичные термины могут занимать только положение субъекта, а сингулярные предложения имеют особый тип. На языке второго единичные термины могут занимать как позицию субъекта, так и позицию предиката, и для сингулярных предложений нет особых силлогистических констант. Мы докажем погрузимость этих сингулярных силлогистик в классическое исчисление предикатов.
Два подхода к построению логики
Authors: Шалак В.И.
Published: October 2019

Целью данной работы является сравнительный анализ двух концептуально разных подходов к построению логики. Первый подход, идущий от Аристотеля, называют традиционным, второй можно назвать семиотическим.
Конструктивная математика: обзор достижений, недостатков и уроков. Часть 2
Authors: Непейвода Н.Н.
Published: October 2019

В статье рассматриваются принципы и достижения советского конструктивизма.
Deontic ‘cocktail’ according to E. Mally’s receipt
Authors: Лисанюк Е.Н
Published: October 2019

In 1926, Ernst Mally, an Austrian logician, has introduced a system of deontic logic in which he has proposed three fundamental distinctions which proved to be important in the context of the further development of the logic of norms. It is argued that in his philosophical considerations Mally has introduced a number of important distinctions concerning the very concept of norm, but by getting them confused in introducing the subsequent formalisms he failed to formally preserve them. In some of his philosophically made distinctions Mally apparently foresaw contemporary trends in logic of norms. To some extent this particular feature of Mally’s system open wide opportunities to reconstruct –– with the corresponding renovations — his ill-formed Deontik into many nowadays known systems of logic of norms and thus provides a fertile ground for this kind of research.
What trends in non-classical logic were anticipated by Nikolai Vasiliev?
Authors: Маркин В.И.
Published: October 2019

In this paper we discuss a question about the trends in non-classical logic that were exactly anticipated by Niko- lai Vasiliev. We show the influence of Vasiliev’s Imaginary logic on paraconsistent logic. Metatheoretical relations between Vasiliev’s logical systems and many-valued predicate logics are established. We also make clear that Vasiliev has developed a sketch of original system of intensional logic and expressed certain ideas of modal and temporal logics.
Из истории возрождения логики в СССР в 1941–1946 гг. Часть II
Authors: Корсаков С. Н.
Published: October 2019

В статье на основе архивных документов рассказывается о начальном этапе возрождения преподавания и изучения логики в СССР в первой половине 1940-х гг. Рассматриваются: беседа Сталина с директором Института философии АН СССР П.Ф. Юдиным о создании учебника логики в 1941 г., ход и итоги обсуждения учебников логики В.Ф. Асмуса и Э.Я. Кольмана в Институте философии АН СССР в 1943 г., обсуждение вопроса о переиздании учебника логики Г.И. Челпанова в Институте философии АН СССР в 1943 г., работа Курсов для подготовки преподавателей логики в вузах и школах Минвуза СССР в 1946 г.
Digital Transformation in Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Zeynalli Aytan , Butdayev Ruslan , Salmanov Vugar
Published: October 2019

Digital transformation is the large-scale business transformation, which affects the entire set of enterprise functions from the automation of processes to execution and control. It directly affects both the change in the operating model and the infrastructure of the enterprise. This paper explores the industry trends in digital transformation as well as SOCAR AQS initiatives in this field. Digital transformation in the oil and gas industry has gained momentum in the last few years. The use of digital advances and innovation is not new to the oil and gas industry, as early as the 1980s, leading companies began to adopt digital technologies.

The study explores different approaches to the conceptualization of digital transformation. The result of a successful digital transformation is not the creation of a new organization, but its restructuring of the existing valuable assets in a new way. In other words, digital transformation is not only technological change but also the change in the tasks that management is facing. Practical examples and insights on digital transformation journey are provided.

The research analyses multiple case studies to understand how the world's leading companies are embracing digital transformation to reshape their operating landscape and achieve greater productivity, higher efficiency, and cost optimization. With digital transformation, businesses in the oil and gas industry no longer only save money, but also make money. How does this work? It's the vernal part of the topic. There's no precise model or approach that has been widely accepted in the industry, contrary to the consumer market, which has successful and mind-blowing cases like Uber and AirBnB where businesses do not own assets and create an ecosystem for customers to find the products and services they need. In the industrial sector, specifically oil and gas, this topic is sensitive to the competitiveness between businesses and others. However, it's clear that whichever industrial companies manage to have a breakthrough in the synthesis of AI, big data and cloud computing for the benefit of comparative advantage will lead and dominate the industry reshaping it for the next generation.

Alice: Would you tell me, please, which way I ought to go from here?

The Cheshire Cat: That depends a good deal on where you want to get to.

Lewis Carroll, Alice in Wonderland
Implementation of Data Driven Machine Learning Methods and Physics Driven Concepts for Real-Time Well Performance Estimation in Kashagan Field
Authors: Mursaliyev Adilbek , Kushekov Adilbek , Sultangaliyev Ruslan
Published: October 2019

This paper presents the implementation and value of Data Driven Machine Learning methods and Physics driven Concepts for real-time well performance estimation in Kashagan Field. The models are expected to be used to detect fluid properties changes, restrictions in the well tubing and instrumentation malfunctioning.

The paper also describes how the data driven and physics driven models are built, tuned and maintained. The comparison of the methods will also be attempted in terms of redundancy.

The data driven machine learning method (DDML) used in the paper is artificial neural networks model. The model consists of several inputs, layers of artificial neurons and output parameter(s). The built DDML model is trained by feeding labeled input test data and trained. Then the trained DDML model is validated and tested against separate labeled data which the model did not "see" before.

Physics driven model (PDM) is built on Vertical Lift Performance (VLP) equation. The PDM is also "trained" with input data by tuning the model in order to fit to test data. The tuning parameter is friction coefficient.

The trained DDML and PDM models are then tested on same set of data in order to compare the performance. Both methods showed similar degree of accuracy. The reference data comes from MPFM, Test separator and downhole gauges. Downhole pressure gauge signal is used by both of the methods. However, if the downhole gauge is broken, the PDM will not function for estimation of the rate. On the other hand, DDML model can be re-trained with available signals (tubing head pressure, temperature, choke size, flowline pressure and temperature, etc.) by excluding the downhole gauge signal from the training data. It is clear that the DDML model trained without downhole pressure signal is not as accurate fully trained DDML model. However, it is still possible to have reasonable estimate of the parameter with even partially trained model. Both models can be used to estimate downhole pressure in cases where the gauges are broken.

The proposed methods can be used by practicing engineer to estimate well performance parameters. The methods are mostly suitable for so called smart fields where the data is readily available and makes it possible to extract useful insights from the archived data. With hands on experience with such simple implementation of data driven machine learning techniques an engineer can try to implement ML methods for other applications, e.g. well interference, history match, anomaly detection, etc.
An Integrated 3D Geological Modeling Study of a Heavy Oil Field in Southeast Turkey
Authors: Kamanli Safigul Tuba
Published: October 2019

Numerical reservoir modeling is the most sophisticated tool to prepare field development plans and to facilitate decision-making for investment planning. This study presents geological modeling workflow of Bati Kozluca Heavy Oil Field for selection of the best infill well locations and the optimum EOR method to maximize production.

A 3D geological model was built for Bati Kozluca Field, which has been producing since 1985. Well locations, log data, structural surface of the main reservoir rock, i.e, Alt Sinan Formation and interpreted faults were input to the model. The formation is divided into three different flow units according to petrographic facies. Variogram maps were created for petrophysical properties and porosity was distributed by means of Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS). Water saturation to depth relation was generated and distributed. Cut-off values obtained from core data were used to generate net-to-gross.

Based on the geological model of Bati Kozluca heavy oil field, OOIP distribution was estimated and two new infill wells (Bati Kozluca-55 and 56) were drilled in the undrained area. Water saturation and porosity values obtained from well logs of these two wells perfectly matched with the values used in the model. Finally, the model was updated using the data from these wells. Porosity and oil-water contact were considered as variable in the Uncertainty analysis and oil-in-place was recalculated. Hence, the model is ready to be used for dynamic reservoir simulation by which secondary production methods to be decided.

This study presents the first stochastic approach to geological modeling of Bati Kozluca heavy oil field in order to quantify the uncertainty associated with reserve estimation.
From Papers to Steel: Delivering First Stimulation Vessel in Caspian Sea
Authors: Hadiaman Farid , Mollayev Samir , Amirov Ayaz , Ibrahimov Fuad , Azizov Ehtiram , Mammadov Hajagha , Mammadova Natalya , Bakirov Parviz
Published: October 2019

Stimulation is one of the initiatives to minimize production deferral. In Caspian Sea environment, stimulation job can be done through rig, which is not-so economical but provide more options to pump more volume; through simultaneous operation (from skid deck), which is economical but unfavorable in terms of space and opportunities generation; through simultaneous operation (from the vessel), which cater both advantages from skid deck and rig options earlier.

A stimulation vessel project was initiated in order to deliver first of its kind in Caspian Sea of a vessel that capable pumping stimulation fluids into the well. A conceptual design on paper was exercised. To progress the project from papers to real work, a transformation in a way of working and deliver the project is needed. As this is the first in Caspian Sea, there are multi-interrelated factors affecting the project and most of them are unknown as nobody been through this process before, either operator and service companies. The project will be executed with an agile way of working to meet stakeholder's aspiration, by applying agile values and principles to transform the feel and performance of how we deliver the project. Learning from experience that applying agile practices can improve our focus on safety, operational risk by promoting technical assurance, iterative development and rapid learning cycles. This technique proves to safely deliver the first Stimulation Vessel in Caspian Sea.
Production Sustenance and Offshore Operation Safety Through Facility Optimization and Debottlenecking
Authors: Mehran Fatemeh , Didanloo Ali , Mai Khanh Tu Le , Le. Q Hung
Published: October 2019

Hai Su Trang (HST) – Hai Su Den (HSD) fields are located in the Cuu Long Basin, in block 15-2/01 with approximately 60 km away from Ba Ria – Vung Tau, the Southern coast of Vietnam. This field has complex facility infrastructure consisting of one well head platform HSD and one well head separation platform HST. TLJOC recently faced some operational challenges such as instability and even system shutdown and as the operating safety is very critical for this offshore field, they have started the investigation on finding solution for more efficient operational condition.

In TLJOC system, debottlenecking of the three separates network including oil, water injection and gas lift network were typically needed for entire field life to maximize the production rate and avoid any further system shutting in future. In addition, there were few changes in reservoir system such as increasing perforation zone for some of the wells to enhance production rate which should be simulated in advance to make sure of facility capability and flow assurance. Furthermore, finding root cause of bottlenecking and controlling operational condition to avoid the exceed limitations was very critical for asset team.

All production units were modelled and analysed for current condition and future operational condition base on reservoir management plan. The several scenarios based on TLJOC- RMP cases has been run and result got evaluated to make sure facility pipelines and equipment have enough capacity and at the same time there will be no integrity in pipeline such as slug issue. Also, additional cases were defined for possible upcoming event such as dropping or increasing facility unit pressure or decreasing water injection pressure to have better view of system health and capacity for entire life of field.

The results of analysis prove that in oil pipeline the slug flow pattern exist in most of cases, as one of key reasons for recent operation issues. Recommendations are either control the operation condition of riser to mitigate slug or to control separator pressure in order to reduce slug. Another recommendation was to maintain the liquid level in separator based on certain level to avoid slugging. Based on back pressure effect analysis this system has capacity to increase production up to 20 %, however 15% increase is more efficient operationally. The water injection and gas lift network can handle all possible event and have no problem with capacity only need to keep monitoring the junction pressure to not fall or exceed the operational and integrity limit.
Determination the Source of Sustained Annulus Pressure in High GOR Oil Wells by Using Acoustic Logging
Authors: Vasilyev Sergey , Boltunov Nikolai , Shkaran Alena , Kirpichikova Elena , Minakhmetova Roza , Pimantyev Valeriy , Nagimov Vener , Zaripova Asiya
Published: October 2019

The sustained annular pressure (SAP) related issues are always actual and especially in oil and gas wells with high GOR. The presence of SAP may have a negative effect and cause numerous issues such as uncontrollable gas seepage to the surface (gryphons), well performance impairment, and increased risk of accident occurrence. To prevent accident occurrence risks increase it is necessary to perform specific downhole logging operations in order to identify SAP sources in wells located in a green oil and gas fields.

The precise SAP sources localization requires the use of highly sensitive logging techniques as measurable physical filed perturbations caused by completion integrity damages are small-scale. This paper describes the logging methodology of the spectral acoustic and high precision temperature techniques in combination with pulsed electromagnetic defectoscope. The key requirement of the successful operations using the above-mentioned techniques was to select and maintain special well operation conditions to ensure the optimal survey conditions for solving the particular issue without pulling out of the downhole equipment.
Evaluating Performance of Horizontal Wells Using Integrated Approach: Micro Seismic Monitoring, Geophysical Logging Using Conventional PLT and Marker-Based Production Logging
Authors: Basov Artem , Bukov Oleg , Kuznetsov Vadim , Lazutkin Dmitry , Saprykina Kseniya , Ovchinnikov Kirill , Guryanov Andrey , Katashov Alexander , Novikov Igor
Published: October 2019

The resource potential of the Bazhenov formation is very highly estimated and chiefly involves kerogen reserves. However, currently the application of cutting-edge technologies providing efficient and economically viable industrial development is required.

The present article discloses the results of applying various horizontal well production logging technologies with multistage hydraulic fracturing in the Bazhenov formation deposits at one of the fields that has been developed since 2015.
Oil Production Stimulation by Creating a Vacuum in the Annular Space of the Well
Authors: Isaev Anatoliy Andreevich , Takhautdinov Rustem Shafagatovich , Malykhin Vladimir Ivanovich , Sharifullin Almaz Amirzyanovich
Published: October 2019

A significant number of small oilfields on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan are operated by small oil companies. These fields are mostly characterized by high oil viscosity and low formation pressures. Sheshmaoil Management Company LLC is a leading one among small oil companies of Tatarstan in many respects. The structure of Sheshmaoil Management Company LLC includes 7 small oil-producing companies, three of them (Sheshmaoil JSC, Ideloil JSC, Geotekh JSC) are actively engaged in R&D activities in the field of improving the oil production efficiency from wells through their evacuation.

On the oilfields of Sheshmaoil JSC (Severnoye, Letneye, Novo-Sheshminskoye and Krasnooktyabrskoye fields), 19 local structures are under commercial development, the objects of which are oil deposits of carbonate sediments of the Bashkirian and Tournaisian stages, Vereiskian horizon, terrigenous sediments of the Aleksinsky and Tula-Bobrikovskiy horizons of the Early Carboniferous, Kynovskiy and Pashiyskiy horizons of the Late Devonian.

55 oil deposits confined to twelve local uplifts (Svetlogorskoye, Zagonnoye, Dachnoye, Novo-Kadeevskoye, Krasno-Klyuchevskoye, Kuteminskoye, Vostochno-Kuteminskoye, Yasakskoye, Sukhoye, Grivinskoye, Yuzhno-Ulyanovskoye, Serebryanno-Klyuchevskoye) have been identified within the area of the Dachnoye field of Ideloil JSC. Eight of them are confined to the carbonate deposits of the Vereiskian horizon, 8 — to the deposits of the Bashkirian stage, 1 deposit - to the Aleksinsky horizon, 13 deposits are confined to the deposits of the Tournaisian stage of Early Carboniferous. To terrigenous deposits of the following horizons: Tula - 4 deposits, Bobrikovskiy - 16 deposits, Kynovskiy - 5 deposits. 42 deposits of oil are under commercial development.
Subsea Well Intervention – An Operator's Experience in First Deepwater Temporary Wells Suspension in West Africa
Authors: Liew William Sin , Mohamed M'bareck Khalil , Mustaffa Shahira Emie , Abdul Razak Mohd. Hairi , Yaakub Mohd. Yuzmanizeil
Published: October 2019

Abandonment and decommissioning activities of oil and gas assets had been on the increasing trend for the past few years. Mature assets approaching end of life cycle and depleted production coupled with the low oil price environment has contributed to poor economic evaluation of the producing fields. This paper will discuss operator's experience in planning and executing subsea well intervention to temporary suspend fifteen (15) deepwater subsea wells tied to a Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) unit in West Africa.

The approach of the temporary wells suspension will be shared. Decision to temporary suspend the wells was made to meet the objective of releasing the FPSO early due to high operating cost. This temporary wells suspension design is mainly driven by the objective to meet the industry standard and best practices in re-instating double barrier envelope in the wells during the suspension period. During the planning stage few methods of barrier installation including contingency plans were considered.

The temporary barriers placement were designed with end state in mind, the subsequent wells plug and abandonment after the suspension period. Based on the barriers placement philosophy, the subsea well intervention activities were planned and followed by the selection of vessel or rig for the operations. Drivers behind the temporary wells suspension design, approach for subsea well intervention - using riser based or riserless operations; and selection of vessel or rig for the operations will be shared in this paper. In addition, the lessons learnt and optimization opportunity throughout the execution of this subsea well intervention activity will be presented.

This project is the pioneer to deepwater subsea abandonment and decommissioning (A&D) in the region of West Africa. The fifteen deepwater subsea wells were successfully suspended safely, ahead of planned schedule and below AFE cost. The lessons learnt from successful temporary wells suspension through subsea well intervention carried out by operator is believed to benefit all industry players, including the regulators, operators, service partners; and could be reference for industry's deepwater subsea decommissioning.
First Successful Application of Multistage Fracturing Completion in Cased Old Vertical Well
Authors: Nurlybayev Nurlan , Asanov Karim , Bashev Adilbek , Rakhymberdi Rauan , Khlestov Ivan , Zagranichniy Stanislav
Published: October 2019

Hydraulic fracturing has proven to be one of the most efficient and common completion methods to increase well productivity in mature oil fields with tight sandstone formations. However, the efficiency of the overall completion process is influenced not only by the applied fracturing technology but also by the well completion methods and production approach – especially in wells with long perforation intervals.

Nowadays, multistage fracturing systems have become widely used for more effective fracture placement and optimization of inflow profiles. This technology is mostly applied in an openhole section of horizontal wells where such completion requirements are most critical. However, the development of existing vertical wells can also benefit from the technology allowing selective stimulation of production zones, which could not be efficiently fractured otherwise. The approach described in the paper covers the candidate selection, recompletion technique, stimulation and production process applied for the oilfield in West Kazakhstan.

The sample well had been in production for several preceding years completed with perforations (up to 182 meters) at four main oil-bearing zones. Previously, there was done acidizing treatment which gave two-fold increase in production, but full potential of the well was not achieved. It was identified that the most of the inflow had been coming from only 43% of perforations while the rest intervals did not contribute to production. To achieve the coverage of all productive layers with fractures and involve all layers into production, it was decided to recomplete the well with four-stage completion system with ball activated multishiftable frac sleeves.

Four stage completion system was installed in the cased old well and multiple fracturing stimulation was performed successfully. The job is a subject for further testing process of each treated zone, but the effectiveness of applied technology had already been proved as the overall production surplus more than four times. The operator considers replication of similar approach to the other wells in the oilfield.
Successfully Navigating the Narrow Pressure Window in an HPHT Offshore Well
Authors: Devadass Lingges , Syrapushchynski Sasha , Rockwood Jene
Published: October 2019

While the main objective for Well #1 was to appraise the hydrocarbon potential at depths below a known gas reservoir, the operator was able to drill a high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) reservoir section with a mud density of 18.4-lb/gal (2.2 sg) with zero fluid losses. The highly deviated appraised interval had both very low and extremely high pore pressures, with the maximum overbalance of approximately 6,800 psi(46,900 kPa).

Compared to offset appraisal wells, downhole losses, hole instability, differentially stuck pipe and well control issues were avoided through the adoption of a low-invasion synthetic fluid system designed with wellbore shielding technology. During the planning phase, the operator conducted extensive laboratory testing to assure technical performance, as well as cost reductions, were achieved by optimizing the drilling fluid design. Best practices from previous HPHT wells were carefully studied and replicated to ensure the success of the well.

Wellbore stability was achieved and the 8½-in. hole section was drilled into the targeted formation tops. In the reservoir hole section, the mud weight was increased to 18.4-lb/gal (2.2 sg) in order to compensate for high pore pressures up to 14,000 psi (96,500 kPa); the highest overbalanced pressure measured was 6,800 psi (46,900 kPa) due to the low pore pressure in the sands above. The drilling fluid was designed with wellbore shielding technology to create an impermeable barrier across low-pressure zones and minimize pressure transmission from high mud density. The rheological properties of the drilling fluid were monitored along with maintaining a thin filter cake and low solids content.

Operational issues and challenges to drilling exploration wells in HPHT environments with high differential pressures continue to be an ongoing industry concern. The drilling fluid design used in this well shows great potential to eliminate drilling hazards in tough downhole conditions.
Artificial Intelligence Approaches in Achimov Formation Hierarchical Clustering Research Project
Authors: Sevostyanov Andrey , Timirgalin Azamat , Oshmarin Roman , Volkov Georgiy , Mukminov Iskander , Kondratev Artem
Published: October 2019

Resume

Currently, due to the depletion of terrigenous oilfields there is an increasing tendency in non-conventional hydrocarbon resources like Achimov formations, which characterized by high heterogeneity and low permeability and porosity. Furthermore, AF was transit interval on the most of oil fields, resulting in poor knowledge at core data and well logs. This fact makes it difficult to estimate AF geological properties and predict potential for drilling zones. While researching such a complex object engineers often try to fill in the data from analogous fields that sometimes increases error caused by incorrect analog choice.

AF have huge potential in terms of regeneration of the oil and gas resources base, however for its effective development and analysis there is a need in correct systematization and intelligence analysis of available information about this object.

This challenge can be solved by creating an expert system, which will allow to process huge amount of scattered information, analyze it with respect to its scale and suggest some kind of information such as perspective in terms of development and analogous zones and fields, technological solutions and their results, based on previous experience
Space Unmanned Air Systems Support the Optimization of Exploration and Reservoir Development Activities in AGT Region
Authors: Bayramov Emil , Davis Jonathan , Azizov Niyazi , Ismayilov Vugar , Rahimov Jalal , Isgandarov Anar , Teymurlu Elchin , Karimov Gorkhmaz
Published: October 2019

The AGT Survey and SIM Geospatial Team in collaboration with SOCAR have deployed efficient and low risk geospatial data acquisition technologies based on Unmanned Air Systems (UAS) for exploration and reservoir development projects. This technology provides key imaging data with high visual quality and positional accuracy. Imagery acquisition for a recent project significantly contributed to the reduction of the company needs for regular field expeditions of geologists and geophysicists. The imagery acquired also supported some geological and geophysical analysis through quantitative imagery analysis methods. This project involved imagery acquisition from satellite and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The use of UAV required extensive collaboration and development work with a UAV acquisition contractor, BP aviation and PSCM teams and SOCAR to ensure that the UAV is operating in full compliance with Azerbaijan, BP and International Civil Aviation Organization regulations.

The AGT Survey and SIM Geospatial Team also deployed the acquisition of satellite and airbone imagery for the Shallow Water Absheron Peninsula and ShahDeniz 2 - South Caucasus Pipeline Expansion projects which contributed to the successful starting of exploration and reservoir development analysis in the Caspian Sea and planning of route alignment over Azerbaijan-Georgia-Turkey. In is well known, that the onshore and offshore deployment of field crews has an associated cost and exposes personnel to Health and Safety risks. The deployment of satellite and airborne observation programs played a significant role in the reduction of risks and costs for survey geographic data collection and analysis without deployment of field crews.
Development of Novel Methods and Devices for Measuring the Total Gas-Oil Ratio, Oil and Water Production Rates and Fluid Viscosity
Authors: Isaev Anatoliy Andreevich , Takhautdinov Rustem Shafagatovich , Malykhin Vladimir Ivanovich , Sharifullin Almaz Amirzyanovich
Published: October 2019

The production of associated petroleum gas in the Russian Federation is the most important component of the country's energy supply. Natural gas consumption is increasing annually, both in Russia and in other countries. For example, gas consumption in Europe in the first quarter of 2018 has reached its peak level for five years - 194.3 billion m3 [1]. The increase in exports of Russian natural gas to Germany by 12.4%, Austria - by 62.5%, to the Netherlands - by 80.5%, Croatia - by 2.5 times, China - by 36% is observed. It is a strategic task for oil and gas companies to account for the production of associated gas, because there is a discrepancy between the production of gas and the volume of the combusted part of the gas, which is primarily due to the lack of effective technologies for measuring the amount of gas, including gas-oil ratio. It is necessary to measure both the free gas phase released from the oil under the pressure at the oil sampling point and the residual amount of dissolved gas in the oil, as well.

The most appropriate and effective way to measure the total gas oil ratio is to measure it with portable devices. According to the Ruling Document (RD) [2], the measurement of the GOR at the wells must be carried out annually when the formation pressure is higher than the saturation pressure. The designers of gas factor measurement units are faced with the task of improving the quality of oil separation from gas under surface conditions and increasing the accuracy of GOR measuring. Measurement of oil, gas and water flow rates at oil production sites can be carried out by immobile or portable automated group metering stations.

A method is known to measure the flow rates of oil, gas and water that is based on determining the filling rates of two successive measuring vessels and their subsequent emptying [3]. The flow rate of the water-oil mixture is determined by the time of filling the vessels, and the flow rate of the gas phase is determined by the speed of emptying the vessels. Water cut of oil or water flow rate is determined by the difference of the reflection coefficient of electromagnetic waves along the height of the liquid column in the cylinder at the moment of its filling. The drawback of this method is that there are dispersed water and gas phases in the form of droplets and bubbles present in a liquid that fills the cylindrical vessel during measurements, which leads to a significant measurement error. In addition, a sufficient amount of dissolved associated gas remains in the oil phase, which does not escape from oil at the operating pressure (usually the pressure of the pressure manifold) and therefore cannot be taken into account in the calculations of the gas content in oil or the gas flow rate.
Artificial Lift Method Selection for Mature Oil Fields: A Case Study
Authors: Darvish Sarvestani Arman , Hadipour Ali
Published: October 2019

As oil production continues, reservoir pressure decreases and oil production rate may not be as high as the plateau production rate. Once any sign of reduction in oil production rate has been observed, improved oil recovery (IOR) techniques are considered to aid the production. However, IOR methods could be accomplished from the beginning of oil production. Among different IOR methods, implementing artificial lift systems is one of the main options especially in brown fields. Artificial lift methods are categorized into pump-lift methods and gas-lift methods. In this study, screening process has been performed to find feasible artificial lift methods. During the screening process, different aspects of reservoir, well and fluid behavior have been studied to find the feasible options and it has been concluded that only ESP and gas lift could be implemented in this particular field. Both of these methods have been studied by simulating an integrated model including the reservoir and all of the candidate wells. So, impact of any variation in reservoir or well properties has been captured during the next 10 years. Three scenarios have been defined to predict the field performance by natural depletion, installing electrical submersible pumps and implementing gas lift system.

Although an option might be selected as the best method for the present time, a long term evaluation is able to change the selected method. Integrated modeling the whole system of reservoir and wells provides a better understanding of the impact of different factors on performance of each scenario in long time. By performing a number of sensitivity analysis tests, it has been observed that increasing the water-cut may affect noticeably the performance of lifting systems. So, the pressure and water-cut of the reservoir and wells have been predicted during the next decade. It has been shown that using gas-lift method in the mentioned field has the highest oil recovery factor and the cumulative oil production during the next 10 years is more than 134 MMSTB. The ESP pumping system could lift almost 112 MMSTB oil during 10 years, while the natural depletion system has the lowest recovery and only 13 MMSTB oil could be produced during the same period.
Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking Study and Anti-Hepatocellular Carcinoma Evaluation of New Bis-Triazolothiadiazines
Authors: Gomha Sobhi M. , Muhammad Zeinab A. , Ezz El-Arab Elham , Elmetwally Amira M. , El-Sayed Abdelaziz A. , Matar Islam K.
Published: October 2019

Objective:

The reaction of bis(4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol) with hydrazonoyl halides
and α-halo-ketones gave a new series of bis-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b]thiadiazine derivatives.

Methods:

The structure of the new products was established on the basis of their elemental and spectral
data (mass, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and IR) and an alternate method.

Results:

Several of the synthesized products were subjected to in vitro anticancer screening against
human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2) and the results showed that compounds 16, 14 and 12 have
promising activities (IC50 value of 24.8±9.1, 28.3±0.5, and 31±2.9μM, respectively) compared with
Harmine reference drug (IC50 value of 22.4±1.11 μM).

Conclusion:

Moreover, molecular docking studies were performed to analyze the binding modes of the
discovered hits into the active site of DYRK1A using iGEMDOCK.
Heterozygosity in LDLR rs2228671 and rs72658855 Gene is Associated with Increased Risk of Developing Coronary Artery Disease in India –A Case-Control Study
Authors: Jha Chandan K. , Mir Rashid , Banu Shaheena , Elfaki Imadeldin , Chahal Sukh M.S.
Published: October 2019

Objective:

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Risk factors of CAD include high LDL-C, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), hypertension, lack of exercise, genetic factors, etc. Polymorphisms of the LDLR gene have been associated with CAD in previous studies.

Methods:

The LDLR-rs72658855 C>T genotyping was detected by using allele-specific PCR (ASPCR). The association of rs2228671 and rs72658855 with CAD in a south Indian cohort (200 CAD patients and 200 matched healthy controls was studied.

Results:

Our findings showed that rs2228671 gene variability is associated with increased susceptibility to coronary artery disease in the codominant inheritance model for variant CC vs. CT OR 3.42(1.09-10.7), with P<0.034. A non-significant association was reported in the recessive inheritance model for the variant (CC+CT) vs. TT OR 0.56(0.16-1.95), at P<0.36. and in the dominant inheritance model for variant CC vs. (CT+TT) OR 2.8(1.07-7.34), at P<0.032 .In case of allelic comparison, it was indicated that the LDLR rs2228671-T allele was associated with an increased risk of developing CAD T gene variability was associated with an increased susceptibility to coronary artery disease in the codominant inheritance model for variant CC vs. CT OR 1.7(1.1-2.6), at P<0.015 and in the dominant inheritance model for variant CC vs. (CT+TT) OR 1.66(1.07-2.58), at P<0.0.02.. In case of allelic comparison, a non-significant association was reported in LDLR rs72658855-T and C allele.

Conclusion:

We concluded that the heterozygosity in LDLR-rs72658855 and rs2228671 and T allele in LDLR rs2228671 are strongly associated with increased susceptibility to coronary artery disease. These results must be validated by future well-designed studies with larger sample sizes and different populations.
Psychological Distress and Coping Mechanisms in Infertile Couples
Authors: Pásztor Norbert , Hegyi Borbála Eszter , Dombi Edina , Németh Gábor
Published: October 2019

Numerous motivational and strong emotional intentions can be found in the background of the desire for a child. Hence unintended childlessness gives rise to a severe psychological burden to both members of the couple. In the literature, several studies are involved in the exploration of this subject, albeit most of them bring into focus the differences of psychological liabilities between the genders. A smaller proportion of these papers examined the psychological aspects affecting couples, and just a very small number of studies investigated the psychological aspects in men. Nevertheless, most of the studies proved that although the psychological aspects in women can be more significant compared to their partner, the psychological burden of infertile men are obviously above the population average. Several different, gender-specific coping-mechanisms have been identified, which tend to be less successful in men compared to women. The acquirement of proper coping mechanisms could be more emphasized during the psychotherapeutic part of reproductive treatment.
Analysis and Prediction of Crash Fatalities in Australia
Authors: Hassouna Fady M.A , Pringle Ian
Published: October 2019

Introduction:

As fatalities, injuries, and economic losses from road accidents are a major concern for governments and their citizens, Australia, like other countries, has designed and implemented a wide range of strategies to reduce the rate of road accidents.

Methods:

As part of the strategy design process, data on crash deaths were collected and then analyzed to develop more effective strategies. The data of crash deaths in Australia during the years 1965 to 2018 were analyzed based on gender, causes of crash deaths, and type of road users, and then the results were compared with global averages, then a prediction model was developed to forecast the future annual crash fatalities.

Results:

The results indicate that, based on gender, the rate of male road fatalities in Australia was significantly higher than that of female road fatalities. Whereas based on the cause of death, the first cause of death was over speeding. Based on the type of road users, the drivers and passengers of 4-wheel vehicles had the highest rate of fatalities.

Conclusion:

The prediction model was developed based on Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) methodology, and annual road fatalities in Australia for the next five years 2019-2022 have been forecast using this model.
Effects of Adipocyte-derived Factors on the Adrenal Cortex
Authors: Shimada Hiroki , Noro Erika , Suzuki Susumu , Sakamoto Jun , Sato Ikuko , Parvin Rehana , Yokoyama Atsushi , Sugawara Akira
Published: October 2019

Background and Objective:

Obesity is highly complicated by hypertension and hyperglycemia.
In particular, it has been proposed that obesity-related hypertension is caused by adipocyte-derived
factors that are recognized as undetermined proteins secreted from adipocytes. Adipocyte-derived factors
have been known to be related to aldosterone secretion in the adrenal gland. So far, Wnt proteins,
CTRP-1, VLDL, LDL, HDL and leptin have been demonstrated to stimulate aldosterone secretion. In
contrast, it has not yet been clarified whether adipocyte-derived factors also affect adrenal cortisol secretion.

Methods and Results:

In the present study, we investigated the effect of adipocyte-derived factors on
cortisol synthase gene CYP11B1 mRNA expression in vitro study using adrenocortical carcinoma
H295R cells and mouse fibroblast 3T3-L1cells. Interestingly, adipocyte-derived factors were demonstrated
to have the ability to stimulate CYP11B1 mRNA expression.

Conclusion:

Since CYP11B1 is well known as a limiting enzyme of cortisol synthesis, our study suggests
that adipocyte-derived factors may stimulate cortisol secretion, as well as aldosterone secretion.
Taken together, adipocyte-derived factors may be the cause of metabolic syndrome due to their stimulating
effects on aldosterone/cortisol secretion. Therefore, the innovation of novel drugs against them
may possibly be a new approach against metabolic syndrome.
The Interpretation of Prescribed Medication Instructions by Diabetes Mellitus Patients at a Selected Clinic in the Capricorn District of Limpopo Province, South Africa: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ngoatle C. , Mothiba T.M. , Themane M.J.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Misinterpretation of medications instructions due to poor health literacy is common in diabetic patients, leading to suboptimal medication therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate patients’ interpretation of prescribed medication instructions at a selected Clinic in the Capricorn District of Limpopo Province, South Africa.

Methods:

The study used a qualitative research approach. Non-Probability purposive sampling was used to select five participants for the study. Semi-structured interviews with a guide were used to collect data. Tesch’s steps for qualitative data analysis were adopted.

Results:

The study findings revealed inadequate explanation of instructions, poor health outcomes, lack of information related to poor health outcomes, lack of knowledge on using the medication correctly, and medication noncompliance. The findings imply that there is poor education regarding medication use by diabetic patients.

Conclusion:

The study indicated that diabetic patients have poor medication instructions comprehension such as an inadequate explanation of the medication instructions. Therefore, healthcare professionals must provide in-depth explanation of medication instructions to enhance comprehension.
Assessment of a Communication Assistive Technology for Individuals with Deafblindness: A Case Study
Authors: Cantin Sylvie , De Abreu Cybis Walter , Trudeau Suzanne , Poncet Frédérique , Wittich Walter , Wanet-Defalque Marie-Chantal
Published: October 2019

The main goal of this study was to evaluate a communication assistance device (CAD) for individuals with deafblindness, based on a braille display notetaker connected via Bluetooth to an iPhone. This study examined the use of this device by a 61-year-old woman living with Usher syndrome with sighted and hearing interlocutors during three restaurant outings.

The study had three specific objectives: 1) To evaluate the participant’s and her interlocutors’ perceptions of their productivity in the communication interaction in real-life situations, without and with the CAD; 2) To evaluate the participant's emotional experience after using the CAD; and 3) To describe how the communication interactions between the participant and her interlocutors work, without and with the CAD. The relevance, utility and interest of such a communication support technology became clearly apparent, along with the enthusiasm it aroused in her interlocutors. Despite the empowerment it provided, the huge differences in some aspects of interactions made without and with the CAD suggest that the constraints introduced by the use of a CAD modify the nature of communication. Four recommendations are made. Any future development of the technology intended for users with minimal experience working with computers and electronic devices should be encouraged. 

https://doi.org/10.21827/jdbsc.5.32575
Aportes de las teorías de la interpretación a los procesos de configuración textuales: ¿cuál es el papel del lector?
Authors: Gende Carlos Emilio
Published: October 2019

Focusing on the questions regarding the specificity of literature, the article will examine the possible contribution that a concept implies on linguistic interpretation, through critical hermeneutics, to relate some of the typical features of theory. Specifically, the contribution is a review of the role of the reader as a interpreter who works in the tension of diverse textual configuration processes.
ENHANCEMENT OF STUDENTS’ MATHEMATICAL COMMUNICATION UNDER METACOGNITIVE SCAFFOLDING APPROACH
Authors: Prabawanto Sufyani
Published: October 2019

This research aims to investigate the enhancement of students’ mathematical communication under metacognitive scaffolding approach. This research used a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest control. The subjects were pre-service elementary school teachers in Bandung. In this study, there were two groups of subjects: experimental and control groups. The experimental group consists of 60 students under metacognitive scaffolding approach, while the control group consists of 58 students under direct approach. Based on the prior mathematical ability, the students were classified into three levels, namely high, midlle, and low. Data collection instrument used mathematical communication test. The conclusions of the research are: (1) there is a significant difference in enhancing mathematical communication ability between students who attended the course under metacognitive scaffolding approach and those under direct approach, and (2) there was no significant interaction effect between teaching approaches and ability levels based on prior knowledge in enhancing students’ mathematical communication.