bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Periodic travelling interfacial hydroelastic waves with or without mass II: Multiple bifurcations and ripples
Authors: AKERS BENJAMIN F. , AMBROSE DAVID M. , SULON DAVID W.
Published: July 2018

In a prior work, the authors proved a global bifurcation theorem for spatially periodic interfacial hydroelastic travelling waves on infinite depth, and computed such travelling waves. The formulation of the travelling wave problem used both analytically and numerically allows for waves with multi-valued height. The global bifurcation theorem required a one-dimensional kernel in the linearization of the relevant mapping, but for some parameter values, the kernel is instead two-dimensional. In the present work, we study these cases with two-dimensional kernels, which occur in resonant and non-resonant variants. We apply an implicit function theorem argument to prove existence of travelling waves in both of these situations. We compute the waves numerically as well, in both the resonant and non-resonant cases.
From Beirut to Berlin (via Geneva): The New International History, Middle East Studies and the League of Nations
Authors: JACKSON SIMON
Published: July 2018

The global politics of sovereignty that developed after the Cold War, together with the catastrophic United States led invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq after 2001, have furnished international, imperial and diplomatic historians with good, grim reasons to return to the interlocked histories of empire, internationalism and international institutions. A torrent of work on the Geneva based League of Nations (LON) has been one result, alongside writing on the United Nations (UN). In particular, scholars such as Susan Pedersen, Patricia Clavin and Glenda Sluga, already well versed in the archives and literature of European empires and their gender and economic politics, have led a systematic reappraisal of internationalism and international institutions after the First World War. They brought to this campaign heuristic tools sharpened in the 1990s, in the cultural historiography of empire, and they aimed broadly to understand the League's workings and variety, rather than to reassert its political failures. The parallel – and often intersecting – rise of historiographies on the modern and contemporary histories of economic development, human rights and humanitarianism, with their frequent attention to the role of international institutions, has further catalysed this renewal.
The Self-Actualization of John Adams
Authors: KAPUSTA JOHN
Published: July 2018

In the late 1960s, the prominent psychologist Abraham Maslow argued that music-making was an inherently bodily activity, which like sex, could induce what Maslow called “peak experiences”—moments of mystical transcendence and personal insight. Amass enough such peak experiences, Maslow suggested, and one could achieve “self-actualization”—the full realization of one's potential as a human being. This article argues that though many musicians would heed Maslow's words, few embodied Maslow's program more than composer John Coolidge Adams did in the late 1970s. The article shows how Maslowian ideas shaped some of Adams's formative musical experiences in the San Francisco Bay Area. The article further demonstrates how these same concepts inspired the development of Adams's idiosyncratic postminimalist idiom, with particular attention to Adams's 1978 string septetShaker Loops. By considering the influence of Adams's countercultural milieu, the article reveals strains of primitivism, eroticism, and exoticism in Adams's work more closely associated with Adams's minimalist predecessors. It also presents an alternative view of postmodernism in music, arguing that for Adams, at least, to make music “after” modernism was to make music a medium of self-actualization.
Automotive antenna diversity system for satellite radio with high phase accuracy in low SNR-scenarios
Authors: Senega Simon , Nassar Ali , Lindenmeier Stefan
Published: July 2018

For a fast scan-phase satellite radio antenna diversity system a noise correction method is presented for a significant improvement of audio availability at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. An error analysis of the level and phase detection within the diversity system in the presence of noise leads to a correction method based on a priori knowledge of the system's noise floor. This method is described and applied in a hardware example of a satellite digital audio radio services antenna diversity circuit for fast fading conditions. Test drives, which have been performed in real fading scenarios, are described and results are analyzed statistically. Simulations of the scan-phase antenna diversity system show higher signal amplitudes and availabilities. Measurement results of dislocated antennas as well as of a diversity antenna set on a single mounting position are presented. A comparison of a diversity system with noise correction, the same system without noise correction, and a single antenna system with each other is performed. Using this new method in fast multipath fading driving scenarios underneath dense foliage with a low SNR of the antenna signals, a reduction in audio mute time by one order of magnitude compared with single antenna systems is achieved with the diversity system.
Design and development of patch compensated wideband Vivaldi antenna
Authors: Yadav Rana Pratap , Kumar Vinay , Dhawan Rajveer
Published: July 2018

Design and fabrication of a microstrip feedline-based Vivaldi antenna in the frequency range of 6.0–8.0 GHz have been presented. The Vivaldi antenna is a planar antenna, fabricated at the microstrip feedline by having an exponentially tapered slot profile on it. An optimized computer-aided design has been developed and simulated for the desired radiation parameters like voltage standing wave ratio, bandwidth, directionality, beam-width, etc. The optimized design has been fabricated and tested. Wherever the results are not found as desired; problem has been comprehensively investigated and analyzed. This is found associated with a discontinuity at feed line, fabrication tolerance constraints and parasitic capacitance at the edges or the bent of the microstrip feedline which introduce the parasitic reactance in antenna design. Here, the presented work explores a generalized theoretical procedure for the compensation of associated problem by incorporating the reactive patch on the feedline. The developed theory is applied in fabrication and tested for the desired results.
Riding theSoviet Iron Horse: A Reading of Viktor Turin'sTurksibthrough the Lens of John Ford
Authors: Kleespies Ingrid
Published: July 2018

This article considers Viktor Turin's 1929 filmTurksibto be a “Red Western,” or film that is indebted to an American cinematic, visual, and literary tradition in its production of a vision of a Soviet frontier.Turksibengages with a discourse offrontieroritythat proved central to the articulation of Soviet identity in the 1920s and early 1930s. Drawing from prerevolutionary cultural paradigms for Russian national and imperial growth, as well as from the key American myth of the train's role in vanquishing the frontier,Turksibis a film meant to realize notions of territorial largesse in an ideologically-acceptable manner—that is, to reconfigure the dominant imperialist-capitalist model of the frontier in socialist terms. A close study of Turin's film in comparison to its western counterpart, John Ford's early classic,The Iron Horse(1924), reveals the challenge of distinguishing industrialization and modernization in socialist and avowedly anti-imperial rather than capitalist and colonial terms.
The Shop Window Quality of Things: 1920s Weimar Surface Culture in Nabokov'sKorol΄, dama, valet
Authors: Parker Luke
Published: July 2018

By resituating the original 1928 Russian version ofKorol΄, dama, valet(King, Queen, Knave) in the context of Weimar Berlin, this article shows that Vladimir Nabokov's second novel is the culmination of a serious engagement with a flourishing German visual and commercial culture. The appeal ofKorol΄, dama, valetto both native Germans and Russian émigrés based in Berlin is shown to be a sympathetic yet strategic manipulation of the tropes and commonplaces of Berlin's renowned “surface culture.” The article presents Nabokov as an entrepreneurial figure, exploiting his ambivalent status as both an insider and outsider in Berlin for success in translation as well as among the Russian émigrés. Uncovering Nabokov's complex relations to European visual culture, I show that the fusion of materiality and display inKorol΄, dama, valetcan be understood through the concept of the “shop window quality of things.” Drawing on contemporary German sources, this article reveals the Russian novel, so thoroughly repurposed thirty years later in the 1968 English translation, to be a perceptive, even prophetic, analysis of a dynamic and attractive Weimar culture already beginning to spin out of control.
“My Conscience is Free and Clear”:African-Descended Women, Status, and Slave Owning in Mid-Colonial Mexico
Authors: Williams Danielle Terrazas
Published: July 2018

On March 8, 1679, Polonia de Ribas entered her last will and testament into record at the offices of Alonso de Neira Claver, the royal notary public of Xalapa. The will included information about Polonia's family, possessions, debts to be collected, and how she wanted her estate distributed after her passing. She was well acquainted with the appropriate processes and venues to ensure that such matters were officially acknowledged. In the second half of the seventeenth century, Polonia demonstrated her legal acumen by documenting half a dozen transactions with the notary public in Xalapa.
Weibliche Homosexualität, Maskulinität und Körperzufriedenheit
Authors: Schütteler Christina , Gerlach Alexander L.
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Homosexuelle Frauen sind zufriedener mit ihrem Körper als heterosexuelle Frauen. Homosexualität ist folglich möglicherweise ein Schutzfaktor vor Körperunzufriedenheit. Unklar bleibt der zugrundeliegende Mechanismus für diesen Schutzfaktor. Fragestellung: Es wird untersucht, ob die höhere Körperzufriedenheit auf unterschiedliche Geschlechtsrollen, insbesondere Maskulinität, rückführbar ist. Methode: Diese Frage wurde an einer Stichprobe von N = 478 Frauen mittels einer Mediatoranalyse beantwortet. Ergebnisse: Homosexuelle Frauen waren zufriedener mit ihrem Körper als Heterosexuelle und erreichten höhere Werte für Maskulinität. Maskulinität mediierte den Unterschied bezüglich Körperzufriedenheit. Schlussfolgerungen: Teilweise vermittelt über Maskulinität, kann weibliche Homosexualität als Schutzfaktor vor Körperunzufriedenheit angesehen werden.
Universelle Prävention kindlicher Verhaltensstörungen durch Elterntrainings
Authors: Hahlweg Kurt , Schulz Wolfgang
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die Prävalenzrate kindlicher psychischer Störungen beträgt ca. 20 % und ist durch psychotherapeutische Interventionen alleine nicht zu reduzieren. Universelle präventive Interventionen sind daher dringend notwendig, allerdings ist unklar, ob solche Maßnahmen auch langfristig wirksam sind. Fragestellung: Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist die Überprüfung der 10-Jahres-Wirksamkeit des Triple P-Elterntrainingsprogramms als universelle Präventionsmaßnahme aus Mütter-, Väter- und Jugendlichensicht. Methode: Zum Prä-Zeitpunkt wurden N = 477 Familien über Kindertagesstätten in Braunschweig rekrutiert und zufällig der Kontrollgruppe (KG) oder dem Triple P-Elterntraining (TP) zugewiesen. 77 % der Familien nahmen das TP-Angebot an (T+), 23 % lehnten eine Teilnahme ab (T–). Die 10-Jahres-Wirksamkeit konnte mit einer multimethodalen diagnostischen Batterie an N=361 Familien überprüft werden (Rücklauf: 76 %). Ergebnisse: Die „Intention to Treat“- Auswertung (Vergleich TP vs. KG) erbrachten keine bedeutsamen Unterschiede. Eine differentielle Analyse der T+, T- und KG-Gruppen ergab aus Sicht der T+ Mütter im Vergleich zur KG eine Reduktion des kindlichen Problemverhaltens (CBCL) und eine Steigerung ihrer Partnerschaftszufriedenheit auf niedrigem Effektstärke-Niveau. In Bezug auf die CBCL-Auffälligkeitsraten zeigten sich im Vergleich zu Prä nach 10 Jahren bei der T+ Gruppe mit 5 % die geringsten, bei der T- Gruppe die stärksten Zuwächse (33 %). Entgegen der Erwartung ließen sich aus Sicht der Mütter keine Effekte hinsichtlich des elterlichen Erziehungsverhaltens nachweisen. Bei den T+ Vätern hingegen zeigte sich eine Verbesserung ihres Erziehungsverhaltens. Aus Jugendlichensicht ergaben sich keine bedeutsamen Effekte. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse unterstützen – allerdings nur aus Sicht der T+ Mütter – die langfristige Wirksamkeit des Triple P-Gruppenprogramms als universelle Maßnahme zur Prävention kindlicher Verhaltensprobleme. Zukünftig sollte der Ablehnenden-Gruppe T- mehr Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet werden, da diese Familien noch ungünstigere Ergebnisse als die Kontrollgruppe aufwiesen.
Die Eltern-Kurzversion des Fragebogens zur Erhebung der Emotionsregulation bei Kindern und Jugendlichen (FEEL-KJ)
Authors: Greuel Jan Felix , Briegel Wolfgang , Heinrichs Nina
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Das Konzept der Emotionsregulation (ER) hat große Bedeutung für die Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie. Gleichzeitig liegen besonders im Kindes- und Jugendalter kaum zuverlässig evaluierte und normierte Verfahren zur Messung von ER vor. Fragestellung: Es soll geprüft werden, ob eine Eltern-Kurzversion des Fragebogens zur Erhebung der Emotionsregulation bei Kindern und Jugendlichen (FEEL-KJ) über ausreichende psychometrische Qualität verfügt, um diese Lücke zumindest teilweise zu schließen. Außerdem sollen erste Hinweise auf die Validität der Testwerte und deren Abhängigkeit von soziodemographischen Variablen untersucht werden. Es wurde insbesondere eine mit dem Alter zunehmend häufige Verwendung von ER-Strategien erwartet. Ebenso wurden positive Zusammenhänge maladaptiver und negative Zusammenhänge adaptiver ER mit psychischen Beschwerden angenommen. Methode: Die Eltern-Kurzversion des FEEL-KJ und weitere Fragebogenverfahren wurden bei einer Elternstichprobe von 1638 Kindern im Alter von 2 – 10 Jahren eingesetzt (958 Datensätze von beiden Elternteilen, 605 nur Mütter und 75 nur Väter). Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse für Mütter und Väter stimmten weitgehend überein und die internen Konsistenzen der Testwerte lagen im guten bis sehr guten Bereich. Mit zunehmendem Alter wurden adaptive wie maladaptive ER-Strategien häufiger angewandt und die Zusammenhänge der Testwerte mit internalisierender wie externalisierender Psychopathologie waren deutlich. Es zeigten sich kaum bedeutsame Unterschiede in Abhängigkeit vom Geschlecht des Kindes und weiteren soziodemographischen Variablen. Schlussfolgerung: Die Eltern-Kurzversion des FEEL-KJ scheint zumindest als Ergänzung der bestehenden Diagnostik in Forschung und Praxis gut geeignet. Auf Basis der vorhandenen großen Stichprobe werden Normwerte bereitgestellt. Dennoch werden multimethodal angelegte Validierungsstudien notwendig sein, um die Validität der Testwerte weiter abzuklären. Normierung: Die ermittelten T-Wert- sowie Prozentrangnormen sind unter https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-201803050916 ( Greuel, Briegel & Heinrichs, 2018 ) oder über eine Anfrage bei den Autoren kostenfrei erhältlich. 1
A Moment‐Based Quasilinear Theory for Electron Firehose Instability Driven by Solar Wind Core/Halo Electrons
Authors: Sarfraz M.
Published: July 2018

In dilute space plasmas, especially in the solar wind, the microinstabilities are regarded as a major candidate to regulate the unchecked rise in temperature anisotropy near Earth orbit. The present paper considers parallel electron firehose mode, which is driven unstable under the condition of excessive electron temperature along the ambient magnetic field, that is, T∥e>T⊥e. The present study assumes bi‐Maxwellian model of solar wind species comprising ions, core, and halo electron components and, in addition, allowing their temperatures to evolve in time t. Employing the macroscopic quasilinear method, a set of equations has been constructed whose solutions give a dynamical picture of the modification in initial particles distributions and wave energy density associated with unstable electron firehose mode. The present scheme, further, confirms the marginal stability curves corresponding to ions, core, and halo electrons, separately. As we dynamically couple solar wind electrons with ions to determine the dynamics of instability, it may amount a further step toward global kinetic solar wind modeling.
Evaluation of Satellite Surface Winds in Relation to Weather Regimes Over the Indian Ocean Using DYNAMO Observations
Authors: Kerns Brandon W. , Chen Shuyi S.
Published: July 2018

Satellites provide the most extensive surface wind data over the tropical oceans, but sampling limitations, rain contamination, and algorithm uncertainties remain. In this study, scatterometer and passive microwave swath data, and multisatellite products are evaluated using Dynamics of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) ship and moored buoy wind speed data over the Indian Ocean from September 2011 to January 2012. Each of the satellite products has <2 m/s error, consistent with previous studies. Blended products have error and bias characteristics comparable with swath data and provide better coverage. The errors and biases depend on the prevailing weather regime. The equatorial region is characterized by weeks of winds <5 m/s with little rain punctuated by episodes of winds >10 m/s and heavy rainfall associated with MJO events. The blended products resolve the episodic enhanced equatorial winds associated with the active phase of the MJO. However, due to limited sampling and rain contamination, the swath data did not fully resolve the peak MJO winds. In the Southern Hemisphere trade wind regime, rain contamination is less of a factor and winds are steadier. Satellite wind estimates of equatorial (trade wind) regime tended to be biased low (high). The surface wind products underestimate higher winds during the active MJO due to limited sampling and have high wind bias in the trade wind regime. These weather regime‐dependent biases should be taken into account for applications using these wind products for ocean circulation studies and estimating air‐sea fluxes over the Indian Ocean.
Description and Evaluation of the MIT Earth System Model (MESM)
Authors: Sokolov Andrei , Kicklighter David , Schlosser Adam , Wang Chien , Monier Erwan , Brown‐Steiner Benjamin , Prinn Ronald , Forest Chris , Gao Xiang , Libardoni Alex , Eastham Sebastian
Published: July 2018

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Integrated Global System Model (IGSM) is designed for analyzing the global environmental changes that may result from anthropogenic causes, quantifying the uncertainties associated with the projected changes, and assessing the costs and environmental effectiveness of proposed policies to mitigate climate risk. The IGSM consists of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Earth System Model (MESM) of intermediate complexity and the Economic Projections and Policy Analysis model. This paper documents the current version of the MESM, which includes a two‐dimensional (zonally averaged) atmospheric model with interactive chemistry coupled to the zonally averaged version of Global Land System model and an anomaly‐diffusing ocean model.
Development and Evaluation of an Explicit Treatment of Aerosol Processes at Cloud Scale Within a Multi‐Scale Modeling Framework (MMF)
Authors: Lin Guangxing , Ghan Steven J. , Wang Minghuai , Ma Po‐Lun , Easter Richard C. , Ovchinnikov Mikhail , Fan Jiwen , Zhang Kai , Wang Hailong , Chand Duli , Qian Yun
Published: July 2018

Modeling the aerosol lifecycle in traditional global climate models (GCM) is challenging for a variety of reasons, not the least of which is the coarse grid. The multiscale modeling framework (MMF), in which a cloud resolving model replaces conventional parameterizations of cloud processes within each GCM grid column, provides a promising framework to address this challenge. Here we develop a new version of MMF that for the first time treats aerosol processes at cloud scale to improve the aerosol‐cloud interaction representation in the model. We demonstrate that the model with the explicit aerosol treatments shows significant improvements of many aspects of the simulated aerosols compared to the previous version of MMF with aerosols parameterized at the GCM grid scale. The explicit aerosol treatments produce a significant increase of the column burdens of black carbon (BC), primary organic aerosol, and sulfate by up to 40% in many remote regions, a decrease of the sea‐salt aerosol burdens by 40% in remote regions. These differences are caused by the differences in aerosol convective transport and wet removal between these two models. The new model also shows reduced bias of BC surface concentration in North America and BC vertical profiles in the high latitudes. However, the biased‐high BC concentrations in the upper troposphere over the remote Pacific regions remain, requiring further improvements on other process representations (e.g., secondary activation neglected in the model).
Quantitative Prediction of High‐Energy Electron Integral Flux at Geostationary Orbit Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Wei Lihang , Zhong Qiuzhen , Lin Ruilin , Wang Jingjing , Liu Siqing , Cao Yong
Published: July 2018

The deep learning method of long short‐term memory (LSTM) is applied to develop a model to predict the daily >2‐MeV electron integral flux 1 day ahead at geostationary orbit. The inputs to the model include geomagnetic and solar wind parameters such as Kp, Ap, Dst, solar wind speed, magnetopause subsolar distance, and the value of >2‐MeV electron integral flux itself over the previous five consecutive days. The model is trained on the data from the periods 1999–2007 and 2011–2016, and the efficiency of the model is tested on the 2008–2010 period. We experiment with different input combinations and find that when the model takes daily >2‐MeV electron integral flux, daily averaged magnetopause subsolar distance, and daily summed Kp index as inputs, the prediction efficiencies for 2008, 2009, and 2010 are 0.833, 0.896, and 0.911, respectively. This value reaches 0.900 for 2008, when hourly >2‐MeV electron integral flux, hourly magnetopause subsolar distance, and daily summed Kp index are taken as inputs, with training on the remaining data from 19 June 2003 to 13 April 2010. The prediction efficiencies of the persistence model and the 27‐order autoregressive model for the same tested time period are 0.679 and 0.743, respectively. Therefore, the model developed based on the LSTM method can improve the prediction efficiency significantly for daily >2‐MeV electron integral flux 1 day ahead at geostationary orbit.
Investigating Upper Atmospheric Joule Heating Using Cross‐Combination of Data for Two Moderate Substorm Cases
Authors: Kalafatoglu Eyiguler E. C. , Kaymaz Zerefsan , Frissell Nathaniel A. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Rastätter Lutz
Published: July 2018

In this work, empirical relationships based on indices (AE, IL, and KP), an empirical model (Weimer‐2005), coupled space weather models (BATS‐R‐US+CRCM/RCM), and combinative methods (using data from SuperDARN for electric field and OVATION PRIME+IRI combination for the conductances) are employed to investigate the Joule heating (JH) variability during two isolated substorms on 8 March 2008. The results are compared according to substorm phases, magnetic local time sectors, magnetic latitudes, role of electric fields, ionospheric conductances, and neutral wind. Qualitatively, all methods exhibit similar variations in the estimated JH rates. AE‐dependent methods and the Weimer‐2005 model show the highest JH rates. The response of AE to the elevated Epsilon levels is found to be delayed up to 50 min, whereas the onsets and variations in the other methods are concurrent with Epsilon. The combination of OVATION Prime+IRI and SuperDARN provides values close to the (Foster et al., 1983, https://doi.org/10.1029/JA088iA06p04885) suggesting that it is representative enough to use for estimating the JH. The OVATION Prime+IRI and SuperDARN method can provide JH at any point in the solar cycle based on dynamic solar wind input. BATSRUS/CRCM conductances and electric fields are higher than BATSRUS/RCM leading to 2.5 times as much JH as estimated by BATSRUS/RCM on average. Neutral winds are found to comprise an overall 15% of total JH with a maximum of 25% in dusk sector during the expansion phase. We discuss that W05 and AE‐dependent methods overestimate the JH rates during the solar minimum since they are constructed using solar maximum data.
Cross-feeding modulates antibiotic tolerance in bacterial communities
Authors: Adamowicz Elizabeth M , Flynn Jeffrey , Hunter Ryan C , Harcombe William R
Published: July 2018

Microbes frequently rely on metabolites excreted by other bacterial species, but little is known about how this cross-feeding influences the effect of antibiotics. We hypothesized that when species rely on each other for essential metabolites, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for all species will drop to that of the “weakest link”—the species least resistant in monoculture. We tested this hypothesis in an obligate cross-feeding system that was engineered between Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Methylobacterium extorquens. The effect of tetracycline and ampicillin were tested on both liquid and solid media. In all cases, resistant species were inhibited at significantly lower antibiotic concentrations in the cross-feeding community than in monoculture or a competitive community. However, deviation from the “weakest link” hypothesis was also observed in cross-feeding communities apparently as result of changes in the timing of growth and cross-protection. Comparable results were also observed in a clinically relevant system involving facultative cross-feeding between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and an anaerobic consortium found in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. P. aeruginosa was inhibited by lower concentrations of ampicillin when cross-feeding than when grown in isolation. These results suggest that cross-feeding significantly alters tolerance to antibiotics in a variety of systems.
Bacterial community composition responds to changes in copepod abundance and alters ecosystem function in an Arctic mesocosm study
Authors: Tsagaraki Tatiana M , Pree Bernadette , Leiknes Øystein , Larsen Aud , Bratbak Gunnar , Øvreås Lise , Egge Jorun K , Spanek Roman , Paulsen Maria L , Olsen Yngvar , Vadstein Olav , Thingstad T F
Published: July 2018

Combining a minimum food web model with Arctic microbial community dynamics, we have suggested that top-down control by copepods can affect the food web down to bacterial consumption of organic carbon. Pursuing this hypothesis further, we used the minimum model to design and analyse a mesocosm experiment, studying the effect of high (+Z) and low (-Z) copepod density on resource allocation, along an organic-C addition gradient. In the Arctic, both effects are plausible due to changes in advection patterns (affecting copepods) and meltwater inputs (affecting carbon). The model predicts a trophic cascade from copepods via ciliates to flagellates, which was confirmed experimentally. Auto- and heterotrophic flagellates affect bacterial growth rate and abundance via competition for mineral nutrients and predation, respectively. In +Z, the model predicts low bacterial abundance and activity, and little response to glucose; as opposed to clear glucose consumption effects in –Z. We observed a more resilient bacterial response to high copepods and demonstrate this was due to changes in bacterial community equitability. Species able to use glucose to improve their competitive and/or defensive properties, became predominant. The observed shift from a SAR11-to a Psychromonodaceae – dominated community suggests the latter was pivotal in this modification of ecosystem function. We argue that this group used glucose to improve its defensive or its competitive abilities (or both). Adding such flexibility in bacterial traits to the model, we show how it creates the observed resilience to top-down manipulations observed in our experiment.
Single cell genomic and transcriptomic evidence for the use of alternative nitrogen substrates by anammox bacteria
Authors: Ganesh Sangita , Bertagnolli Anthony D , Bristow Laura A , Padilla Cory C , Blackwood Nigel , Aldunate Montserrat , Bourbonnais Annie , Altabet Mark A , Malmstrom Rex R , Woyke Tanja , Ulloa Osvaldo , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T , Thamdrup Bo , Stewart Frank J
Published: July 2018

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) contributes substantially to ocean nitrogen loss, particularly in anoxic marine zones (AMZs). Ammonium is scarce in AMZs, raising the hypothesis that organic nitrogen compounds may be ammonium sources for anammox. Biochemical measurements suggest that the organic compounds urea and cyanate can support anammox in AMZs. However, it is unclear if anammox bacteria degrade these compounds to ammonium themselves, or rely on other organisms for this process. Genes for urea degradation have not been found in anammox bacteria, and genomic evidence for cyanate use for anammox is limited to a cyanase gene recovered from the sediment bacterium Candidatus Scalindua profunda. Here, analysis of Ca. Scalindua single amplified genomes from the Eastern Tropical North Pacific AMZ revealed genes for urea degradation and transport, as well as for cyanate degradation. Urease and cyanase genes were transcribed, along with anammox genes, in the AMZ core where anammox rates peaked. Homologs of these genes were also detected in meta-omic datasets from major AMZs in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific and Arabian Sea. These results suggest that anammox bacteria from different ocean regions can directly access organic nitrogen substrates. Future studies should assess if and under what environmental conditions these substrates contribute to the ammonium budget for anammox.
miR-34a exerts as a key regulator in the dedifferentiation of osteosarcoma via PAI-1–Sox2 axis
Authors: Zhang Yu , Pan Yubin , Xie Chunyuan , Zhang Yan
Published: July 2018

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone cancer with severe chromosomal abnormalities and genetic aberrations. Our previous work reported the dedifferentiation of OS, which is related to poor prognosis. However, the molecular mechanism that regulates OS dedifferentiation is still a subject of exploration. Emerging evidence has suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with the pathogenesis of OS and could potentially be developed for use as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies. In the present study, we intended to illustrate the role of miR-34a in the dedifferentiation of OS. Upregulation of miR-34a was observed while OS cells were induced into stem-like phenotype. Notably, inhibition of miR-34a could promote the reprogramming transition of OS. Further exploration on the downstream network of miR-34a identified that blocking plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression could restrain OS dedifferentiation into cancer stem-like cells by downregulating SRY-related-HMG box (Sox) 2. We also showed that Sox2 overexpression rescued the suppression phenotype driven by PAI-1 inhibition. Conversely, PAI-1 inhibitor (PAI-039) could suppress the upregulation of Sox2 expression caused by miR-34a inhibition. Be applying bone extracellular matrix (BEM)-OS models, we demonstrated the phenotypic heterogeneity of OS cells, consistent with a strong concordance between PAI-1 and Sox2 expression levels. Taken together, our findings proved miR-34a to be a bona fide suppressor involved in the regulation of OS dedifferentiation. Targeting miR-34a or its direct target PAI-1 could offer new strategies for OS treatment.
The autophagic degradation of Cav-1 contributes to PA-induced apoptosis and inflammation of astrocytes
Authors: Chen Zi , Nie Sheng-Dan , Qu Min-Li , Zhou Di , Wu Liang-Yan , Shi Xia-Jie , Ma Ling-Ran , Li Xin , Zhou Shan-Lei , Wang Shan , Wu Jing
Published: July 2018

The accumulation of palmitic acid (PA), implicated in obesity, can induce apoptotic cell death and inflammation of astrocytes. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), an essential protein for astrocytes survival, can be degraded by autophagy, which is a double-edge sword that can either promote cell survival or cell death. The aim of this study was to delineate whether the autophagic degradation of Cav-1 is involved in PA-induced apoptosis and inflammation in hippocampal astrocytes. In this study we found that: (1) PA caused apoptotic death and inflammation by autophagic induction; (2) Cav-1 was degraded by PA-induced autophagy and PA induced autophagy in a Cav-1-independent manner; (3) the degradation of Cav-1 was responsible for PA-induced autophagy-dependent apoptotic cell death and inflammation; (4) chronic high-fat diet (HFD) induced Cav-1 degradation, apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation in the hippocampal astrocytes of rats. Our results suggest that the autophagic degradation of Cav-1 contributes to PA-induced apoptosis and inflammation of astrocytes. Therefore, Cav-1 may be a potential therapeutic target for central nervous system injuries caused by PA accumulation.
CCL5-deficiency enhances intratumoral infiltration of CD8+ T cells in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Shengbo , Zhong Ming , Wang Chao , Xu Yanjie , Gao Wei-Qiang , Zhang Yan
Published: July 2018

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common solid tumor in the world and shows resistance to several immunotherapies, particularly immune checkpoint blockade which has therapeutic effects on many other types of cancer. Cytotoxic CD8+ T cell has been considered as one of the main populations of effector immune cells in antitumor immunity; however, the absence of CD8+ T cells in the central tumor area has become a major obstacle for solid tumor immunotherapy, particularly for CRC. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies that could promote CD8+ T cells to accumulate in the central tumor area are urgently needed. Here, we demonstrated that CCL5-deficiency delayed tumor growth and metastasis via facilitating CD8+ T cells to accumulate into tumor site in CRC mouse models. Furthermore, CCL5-deficiency could upregulate PD-1 and PD-L1 expression and reduce the resistance to anti-PD-1 antibody therapy in CRC mouse model. Mechanically, the results of RNA-sequencing, in vitro coculture system and hypoxia measurements demonstrated that knockdown of CCL5 could result in the metabolic disorders in CD11bhiF4/80low TAMs and suppress the expression of S100a9 to promote the migration of CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment. These findings were verified by the data of clinical samples from CRC patients, suggesting that CCL5 may provide a potential therapeutic target for the combined PD-1-immunotherapy of CRC.
CUEDC2, a novel interacting partner of the SOCS1 protein, plays important roles in the leukaemogenesis of acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Wu Qing-Yun , Zhu Yuan-Yuan , Liu Yang , Wei Fang , Tong Yu-Xue , Cao Jiang , Zhou Ping , Niu Ming-Shan , Li Zhen-Yu , Zeng Ling-Yu , Li Feng , Xu Kai-Lin
Published: July 2018

Downregulation of suppressor of cytokine signalling-1 (SOCS1) is one of the vital reasons for JAK1-STAT3 pathway activation in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). CUE domain-containing 2 (CUEDC2) was a novel interacting partner of SOCS1 and a positive correlation between the expression of CUEDC2 and SOCS1 was confirmed in primary AML cells and AML cell lines without SOCS1 promoter methylation. We aimed to explore roles of CUEDC2 in regulating ubiquitin-mediated degradation of SOCS1 in the leukaemogenesis of AML.

According to in vitro experiments, CUEDC2 overexpression increased the level of SOCS1 protein, suppressed JAK1-STAT3 pathway activation. The suppression of this pathway inhibited AML cells’ proliferation by causing G1 arrest and enhanced AML cells’ sensitivity to cytarabine and idarubicin. Similarity, downregulation of CUEDC2 produced opposite results. Knockout or low expression of CUEDC2 in mouse or AML patients displayed lower overall survival and event-free survival rates, compared with these mouse and AML patients had high-CUEDC2 expression. Mechanistic studies revealed that CUEDC2 overexpression attenuated SOCS1 ubiquitination, facilitated its stabilisation by enhancing SOCS1, Elongin C and Cullin-2 (CUL2) interactions, thus inhibited JAK1-STAT3 pathway and leukaemogenesis of AML. Therefore, our novel findings indicated that CUEDC2 interacted with SOCS1 to suppress SOCS1’s ubiquitin-mediated degradation, JAK1-STAT3 pathway activation and leukaemogenesis of AML.
Deep RNA sequencing reveals the dynamic regulation of miRNA, lncRNAs, and mRNAs in osteosarcoma tumorigenesis and pulmonary metastasis
Authors: Xie Lin , Yao Zhihong , Zhang Ya , Li Dongqi , Hu Fengdi , Liao Yedan , Zhou Ling , Zhou Yonghong , Huang Zeyong , He Zewei , Han Lei , Yang Yihao , Yang Zuozhang
Published: July 2018

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common pediatric malignant bone tumor, and occurrence of pulmonary metastasis generally causes a rapid and fatal outcome. Here we aimed to provide clues for exploring the mechanism of tumorigenesis and pulmonary metastasis for OS by comprehensive analysis of microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and mRNA expression in primary OS and OS pulmonary metastasis. In this study, deep sequencing with samples from primary OS (n = 3), pulmonary metastatic OS (n = 3), and normal controls (n = 3) was conducted and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), and mRNAs (DEmRNAs) between primary OS and normal controls as well as pulmonary metastatic and primary OS were identified. A total of 65 DEmiRNAs, 233 DElncRNAs, and 1405 DEmRNAs were obtained between primary OS and normal controls; 48 DEmiRNAs, 50 DElncRNAs, and 307 DEmRNAs were obtained between pulmonary metastatic and primary OS. Then, the target DEmRNAs and DElncRNAs regulated by the same DEmiRNAs were searched and the OS tumorigenesis-related and OS pulmonary metastasis-related competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were constructed, respectively. Based on these ceRNA networks and Venn diagram analysis, we obtained 3 DEmiRNAs, 15 DElncRNAs, and 100 DEmRNAs, and eight target pairs including miR-223-5p/(CLSTN2, AC009951.1, LINC01705, AC090673.1), miR-378b/(ALX4, IGSF3, SULF1), and miR-323b-3p/TGFBR3 were involved in both tumorigenesis and pulmonary metastasis of OS. The TGF-β superfamily co-receptor TGFBR3, which is regulated by miR-323b-3p, acts as a tumor suppressor in OS tumorigenesis and acts as a tumor promoter in pulmonary metastatic OS via activation of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) program.

In conclusion, the OS transcriptome (miRNA, lncRNA, and mRNA) is dynamically regulated. These analyses might provide new clues to uncover the molecular mechanisms and signaling networks that contribute to OS progression, toward patient-tailored and novel-targeted treatments.
Phenotypic screening identifies a new oxazolone inhibitor of necroptosis and neuroinflammation
Authors: Oliveira Sara R. , Dionísio Pedro A. , Brito Hugo , Franco Lídia , Rodrigues Catarina A. B. , Guedes Rita C. , Afonso Carlos A. M. , Amaral Joana D. , Rodrigues Cecília M. P.
Published: July 2018

Necroptosis is a regulated form of necrosis, which may be critical in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation, characterized by the activation of glial cells such as microglia, is closely linked with neurodegenerative pathways and constitutes a major mechanism of neural damage and disease progression. Importantly, inhibition of necroptosis results in disease improvement, unveiling an alternative approach for therapeutic intervention. In the present study, we screened a small library of new molecules, potentially inhibitors of necroptosis, using two cellular models of necroptosis. A new oxazolone, Oxa12, reduced tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α)-induced necroptosis in mouse L929 fibrosarcoma cells. Notably, Oxa12 strongly inhibited zVAD-fmk-induced necroptosis in murine BV2 microglial cells. Moreover, Oxa12 blocked phosphorylation of mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), and interfered with necrosome complex formation, indicating that Oxa12 targets components upstream of MLKL. In fact, in silico molecular docking studies revealed that Oxa12 is occupying a region similar to the 1-aminoisoquinoline type II kinase inhibitor inside the receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) kinase domain. Finally, in microglial cells, Oxa12 attenuated zVAD-fmk- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory processes, as revealed by a marked decrease of TNF-α and/or IL-1β expression. More specifically, Oxa12 negatively targeted c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, as well as NF-κB activation. Overall, we identified a strong lead inhibitor of necroptosis that is also effective at reducing inflammation-associated events. Oxa12 is a promising candidate molecule for further development to target disease states dependent on RIP kinase activity.
Autophagic cell death participates in POMC-induced melanoma suppression
Authors: Wu Jian-Ching , Tsai Han-En , Liu Guei-Sheung , Wu Chieh-Shan , Tai Ming-Hong
Published: July 2018

Hypoxia in tumors is known to trigger the pro-survival pathways such as autophagy. Systemic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene therapy suppresses melanoma through apoptosis induction and neovascularization blockage. In this study, we investigated the crosstalk between autophagic and apoptotic signaling in POMC-mediated melanoma suppression. By histological and immunoblot analysis, it was shown that POMC-treated melanoma tissues exhibited the prominent LC3 immunostaining, which was correlated with reduced CD31-positive tumor vascularization. Such autophagy induction could be recapitulated in melanoma cells receiving POMC gene delivery and hypoxia-mimicking agent cobalt chloride (CoCl2). We then utilized the POMC-derived peptide α-MSH with CoCl2 to elicit the autophagy as well as apoptosis in cultured melanoma cells. To delineate the role of autophagy during cell death, application of autophagy-inducer rapamycin enhanced, whereas autophagy inhibitor 3-MA attenuated, the α-MSH-induced apoptosis in melanoma cells. Genetic silencing of ATG5, an autophagy regulator, by RNA interference perturbed the α-MSH-induced apoptosis in melanoma cells. Finally, it was delineated that α-MSH stimulated the HIF-1α signaling as well as the expression of BNIP3/BNIP3L, thereby promoting the autophagy and apoptosis in melanoma cells. Therefore, the present study unveiled a unique function of autophagy in promoting cell death during POMC-mediated melanoma suppression via α-MSH/HIF-1α/BNIP3/BNIP3L signaling pathway.
Hydrology and the future of the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Flowers Gwenn E.
Published: July 2018

Detection, attribution and projection of mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet has been a central focus of the glaciological community, with surface meltwater thought to play a key role in feedbacks that could accelerate sea-level rise. While the prospect of runaway sliding has faded, much remains uncertain when it comes to the role of surface runoff and subglacial discharge in Greenland’s future.
The paradigm shift in Antarctic ice sheet modelling
Authors: Pattyn Frank
Published: July 2018

The Antarctic ice sheet is one of the largest potential contributors to future sea level rise. Predicting its future behaviour using physically-based ice sheet models has been a bottleneck for the past decades, but major advances are ongoing.
Multi-omics monitoring of drug response in rheumatoid arthritis in pursuit of molecular remission
Authors: Tasaki Shinya , Suzuki Katsuya , Kassai Yoshiaki , Takeshita Masaru , Murota Atsuko , Kondo Yasushi , Ando Tatsuya , Nakayama Yusuke , Okuzono Yuumi , Takiguchi Maiko , Kurisu Rina , Miyazaki Takahiro , Yoshimoto Keiko , Yasuoka Hidekata , Yamaoka Kunihiro , Morita Rimpei , Yoshimura Akihiko , Toyoshiba Hiroyoshi , Takeuchi Tsutomu
Published: July 2018

Sustained clinical remission (CR) without drug treatment has not been achieved in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This implies a substantial difference between CR and the healthy state, but it has yet to be quantified. We report a longitudinal monitoring of the drug response at multi-omics levels in the peripheral blood of patients with RA. Our data reveal that drug treatments alter the molecular profile closer to that of HCs at the transcriptome, serum proteome, and immunophenotype level. Patient follow-up suggests that the molecular profile after drug treatments is associated with long-term stable CR. In addition, we identify molecular signatures that are resistant to drug treatments. These signatures are associated with RA independently of known disease severity indexes and are largely explained by the imbalance of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. This high-dimensional phenotyping provides a quantitative measure of molecular remission and illustrates a multi-omics approach to understanding drug response.
Anterior cingulate cortex and its input to the basolateral amygdala control innate fear response
Authors: Jhang Jinho , Lee Hyoeun , Kang Min Soo , Lee Han-Sol , Park Hyungju , Han Jin-Hee
Published: July 2018

Prefrontal brain areas are implicated in the control of fear behavior. However, how prefrontal circuits control fear response to innate threat is poorly understood. Here, we show that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and its input to the basolateral nucleus of amygdala (BLA) contribute to innate fear response to a predator odor in mice. Optogenetic inactivation of the ACC enhances freezing response to fox urine without affecting conditioned freezing. Conversely, ACC stimulation robustly inhibits both innate and conditioned freezing. Circuit tracing and slice patch recordings demonstrate a monosynaptic glutamatergic connectivity of ACC-BLA but no or very sparse ACC input to the central amygdala. Finally, our optogenetic manipulations of the ACC-BLA projection suggest its inhibitory control of innate freezing response to predator odors. Together, our results reveal the role of the ACC and its projection to BLA in innate fear response to olfactory threat stimulus.
Intrinsically ionic conductive cellulose nanopapers applied as all solid dielectrics for low voltage organic transistors
Authors: Dai Shilei , Chu Yingli , Liu Dapeng , Cao Fei , Wu Xiaohan , Zhou Jiachen , Zhou Bilei , Chen Yantao , Huang Jia
Published: July 2018

Biodegradability, low-voltage operation, and flexibility are important trends for the future organic electronics. High-capacitance dielectrics are essential for low-voltage organic field-effect transistors. Here we report the application of environmental-friendly cellulose nanopapers as high-capacitance dielectrics with intrinsic ionic conductivity. Different with the previously reported liquid/electrolyte-gated dielectrics, cellulose nanopapers can be applied as all-solid dielectrics without any liquid or gel. Organic field-effect transistors fabricated with cellulose nanopaper dielectrics exhibit good transistor performances under operation voltage below 2 V, and no discernible drain current change is observed when the device is under bending with radius down to 1 mm. Interesting properties of the cellulose nanopapers, such as ionic conductivity, ultra-smooth surface (~0.59 nm), high transparency (above 80%) and flexibility make them excellent candidates as high-capacitance dielectrics for flexible, transparent and low-voltage electronics.