bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Sleep-Time Feeding Practices with Early Childhood Caries: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Ganesh Akila , Muthu M.S. , Padmanabhan Ramachandran , Nuvvula Sivakumar
Published: September 2022

Early childhood caries (ECC) remains a public health challenge globally, more so in developing countries. The association between sleep-time feeding practices and ECC remains obscure. The study evaluated this association using Feeding At Sleep Time (FeAST) scale. A case-control study was planned among 627 toddlers, were cases included children with ECC while controls were children without ECC. Three patterns of feeding associated with sleep were recorded: beginning of sleep, during the course of sleep, and early morning hours sleep. Dental caries was scored using International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II). The study participants included 302 (48%) cases and 325 (52%) controls. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for breastfeeding at the beginning of sleep, during the course of sleep, and early morning hours sleep were 6.7, 6.5, and 3.7, respectively (p = 0.001), on comparing cases versus controls. Similarly, AORs for bottle-feeding at the beginning of sleep, course of sleep, and early morning hours sleep were 5.1, 8.3, and 3.7, respectively (p = 0.001). Addition of sweeteners yielded an AOR = 2.84, while the intake of solids during sleep yielded an AOR of 6.02(p = 0.001). Other feeding modes like sippers, tumblers, etc., had a statistically significant association (p = 0.001). Sleep-time feeding practices increase the risk for ECC in 12- to 36-month-old children.
Second Language Immersion Experience Could Help the Brain Response to Second Language Reading for Native Chinese Speakers
Authors: Wang Cuicui , Flemming Krystal , Yang Zhen , Cortiana Giulia , Lammert Jessica , Rafat Yasaman , Tao Sha , Joanisse Marc F.
Published: September 2022

Native language background exerts constraints on the individual's brain automatic response while learning a second language. It remains unclear, however, whether second language immersion experience could help the brain overcome such constraints and meet the requirements of a second language. This study compared native Chinese speakers with English-as-a-second-language immersion experience (immersive English learners), native Chinese speakers without English-as-a-second-language immersion experience (nonimmersive English learners), and native English speakers with an ERP cross-modal MMN paradigm. The results found that English-as-a-second-language immersion could benefit speech perception for native Chinese speakers. In addition, both immersive English learners and native English speakers showed enhanced cross-modal MMN, indicating that second language immersion could help native Chinese speakers successfully integrate English letter–sound like native English speakers. The present study further revealed that English listening and speaking exposure in an immersive environment is important in English letter–sound integration for immersive English learners.
A Critical Test of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks' Ability to Capture Recurrent Processing in the Brain Using Visual Masking
Authors: Loke Jessica , Seijdel Noor , Snoek Lukas , van der Meer Matthew , van de Klundert Ron , Quispel Eva , Cappaert Natalie , Scholte H. Steven
Published: September 2022

Recurrent processing is a crucial feature in human visual processing supporting perceptual grouping, figure-ground segmentation, and recognition under challenging conditions. There is a clear need to incorporate recurrent processing in deep convolutional neural networks, but the computations underlying recurrent processing remain unclear. In this article, we tested a form of recurrence in deep residual networks (ResNets) to capture recurrent processing signals in the human brain. Although ResNets are feedforward networks, they approximate an excitatory additive form of recurrence. Essentially, this form of recurrence consists of repeating excitatory activations in response to a static stimulus. Here, we used ResNets of varying depths (reflecting varying levels of recurrent processing) to explain EEG activity within a visual masking paradigm. Sixty-two humans and 50 artificial agents (10 ResNet models of depths −4, 6, 10, 18, and 34) completed an object categorization task. We show that deeper networks explained more variance in brain activity compared with shallower networks. Furthermore, all ResNets captured differences in brain activity between unmasked and masked trials, with differences starting at ∼98 msec (from stimulus onset). These early differences indicated that EEG activity reflected “pure” feedforward signals only briefly (up to ∼98 msec). After ∼98 msec, deeper networks showed a significant increase in explained variance, which peaks at ∼200 msec, but only within unmasked trials, not masked trials. In summary, we provided clear evidence that excitatory additive recurrent processing in ResNets captures some of the recurrent processing in humans.
The Angular Gyrus as a Hub for Modulation of Language-related Cortex by Distinct Prefrontal Executive Control Regions
Authors: Kim Hyojeong , Wang Kai , Cutting Laurie E. , Willcutt Erik G. , Petrill Stephen A. , Leopold Daniel R. , Reineberg Andrew E. , Thompson Lee A. , Banich Marie T.
Published: September 2022

It has become clear in recent years that reading, while relying on domain-specific language processing regions, also involves regions that implement executive processes more broadly. Such executive control is generally considered to be implemented by prefrontal regions, which exert control via connectivity that allows them to modulate processing in target brain regions. The present study examined whether three previously identified and distinct executive control regions in the pFC [Wang, K., Banich, M. T., Reineberg, A. E., Leopold, D. R., Willcutt, E. G., Cutting, L. E., et al. Left posterior prefrontal regions support domain-general executive processes needed for both reading and math. Journal of Neuropsychology, 14, 467–495, 2020] show similar patterns of functional connectivity (FC) during a reading comprehension task as compared with a symbol identification condition. Our FC results in a sample of adolescents (n = 120) suggest all three regions commonly show associations with activity in “classic” left hemisphere reading areas, including the angular and supramarginal gyri, yet each exhibits differential connectivity as well. In particular, precentral regions show differential FC to parietal portions of the dorsal language stream, the inferior frontal junction shows differential FC to middle temporal regions of the right hemisphere and other regions involved in semantic processing, and portions of the inferior frontal gyrus show differential FC to an extensive set of right hemisphere prefrontal regions. These results suggest that prefrontal control over language-related regions occurs in a coordinated yet discrete manner.
Graph theoretical approach to brain remodeling in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Abdolalizadeh AmirHussein , Ohadi Mohammad Amin Dabbagh , Ershadi Amir Sasan Bayani , Aarabi Mohammad Hadi
Published: September 2022

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disorder damaging structural connectivity. Natural remodeling processes of the nervous system can, to some extent, restore the damage caused. However, there is a lack of biomarkers to evaluate remodeling in MS. Our objective is to evaluate graph theory metrics (especially modularity) as a biomarker of remodeling and cognition in MS. We recruited 60 relapsing-remitting MS and 26 healthy controls. Structural and diffusion MRI, plus cognitive and disability evaluations, were done. We calculated modularity and global efficiency from the tractography-derived connectivity matrices. Association of graph metrics with T2 lesion load, cognition, and disability was evaluated using general linear models adjusting for age, gender, and disease duration wherever applicable. We showed that MS subjects had higher modularity and lower global efficiency compared with controls. In the MS group, modularity was inversely associated with cognitive performance but positively associated with T2 lesion load. Our results indicate that modularity increase is due to the disruption of intermodular connections in MS because of the lesions, with no improvement or preserving of cognitive functions.
Two new fossil species of the genus Atomaria Stephens (Coleoptera: Cryptophagidae) from Eocene European amber with a key to species described from fossil resins
Authors: LYUBARSKY GEORGY YU. , BUKEJS ANDRIS
Published: September 2022

Two new extinct species of the genus Atomaria Stephens, 1829 are described and illustrated: A. (Anchicera) alekseevi sp. nov. from Baltic amber and A. (Anchicera) perkovskyi sp. nov. from Rovno amber. A key to extinct Eocene species of Atomaria is provided.
Two new synonyms of Rhopalopsole basinigra Yang & Yang, 1995 (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) with taxonomic notes on Rhopalopsole tianmuana Sivec & Harper, 2008
Authors: LUO JUN , YAO GANG , WANG MINGJU , LI WEIHAI
Published: September 2022

We present detailed evidence that Rhopalopsole trichotoma Yang & Du, 2021 and R. wulingensis Sivec & Shimizu, 2008, are junior synonyms of R. basinigra Yang & Yang, 1995 via a comparative morphological evaluation. We also present a comparison for R. basiningra from Guizhou Province, southwestern China, to understand the reliable characters of this species. New color images of male characters of R. tianmuana with some variations are provided.
Two new species of the genus Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 and first description of the male of Pseudopoda physematosa (Araneae, Sparassidae) from Yunnan Province, China
Authors: YANG ZI-ZHONG , WU YA-YING , LI ZHI-MIN , ZHANG BAO-SHI
Published: September 2022

Two new species of the genus Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 are reported from Yunnan Province, China: Pseudopoda mingshengi sp. nov. (male, female) and P. uncata sp. nov. (male, female). The male of P. physematosa Zhang, Jäger & Liu, 2019 is described for the first time.
The Northern Australia Climate Program: Overview and Selected Highlights
Authors: Lavender Sally L. , Cowan Tim , Hawcroft Matthew , Wheeler Matthew C. , Jarvis Chelsea , Cobon David , Nguyen Hanh , Hudson Debra , Sharmila S. , Marshall Andrew G. , de Burgh-Day Catherine , Milton Sean , Stirling Alison , Alves Oscar , Hendon Harry H.
Published: September 2022

Since 2017, the Northern Australia Climate Program (NACP) has assisted the pastoral grazing industry to better manage drought risk and climate variability. The NACP funding is sourced from the beef cattle industry, government, and academia, representing the program’s broad range of aims and target beneficiaries. The program funds scientists in the United Kingdom and Australia, in addition to extension advisers called “Climate Mates” across a region that supports 15 million head of cattle. Many Climate Mates are employed in the cattle sector and have existing relationships in their communities and capacity to meaningfully engage with the program’s intended beneficiaries—red meat producers. The NACP is a prime example of a successful end-to-end program, integrating climate model improvements (research) with tailored forecast products (development), through to direct stakeholder engagement (extension), on-ground application of technologies (adoption), and improvement in industry and community resilience (impact). The climate information needs of stakeholders also feed back to the research and development components, ensuring the scientific research directly addresses end-user requirements. For any scientific research program, ensuring that research output has measurable real-world impact represents a key challenge. This is more difficult in cases where the scientific research is several steps away from the customer’s needs. This paper gives an overview of the NACP and research highlights, discussing how the end-to-end framework could be adapted and applied in other regions and industries. It seeks to provide a roadmap for other groups to follow to produce more targeted research with identifiable real-world benefits.
Low-Level Circulation and Its Coupling with Free-Tropospheric Variability as a Mechanism of Spontaneous Aggregation of Moist Convection
Authors: Yanase Tomoro , Nishizawa Seiya , Miura Hiroaki , Takemi Tetsuya , Tomita Hirofumi
Published: September 2022

The organization of clouds has been widely studied by numerical modeling as an essential problem in climate science. Convective self-aggregation (CSA) occurs in radiative–convective equilibrium when the model domain size is sufficiently large. However, we have not yet reached a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of CSA onset. This study argues that low-level circulation is responsible for horizontal moisture transport and that its coupling with variabilities of diabatic heating and moisture in the free troposphere is essential. We simulated scattered and aggregated convection by varying the domain size as a control parameter constraining the horizontal scale associated with the CSA onset. Based on a new analysis method quantifying the circulation spanning dry and moist regions, we found that 1) the upgradient moisture transport in the aggregated cases is associated with low-level circulation development, amplifying the horizontal moisture contrast; 2) the horizontal buoyancy gradient due to strong radiative cooling in the dry region intensifies the low-level circulation; 3) the free-tropospheric subsidence intrudes into the boundary layer in the dry region preceding the intensification of low-level circulation; and 4) the subsidence intrusion is due to a weakening of convective heating in the free troposphere associated with the moisture variability at a larger horizontal scale. This study provides new insights into the organization mechanism of clouds unifying the different mechanisms impacting CSA: the free-tropospheric moisture, radiation, convection, and low-level circulation.
Multiple Equilibria in a Coupled Climate–Carbon Model
Authors: Zhu Fangze , Rose Brian E. J.
Published: September 2022

Multiple stable equilibria are intrinsic to many complex dynamical systems, and have been identified in a hierarchy of climate models. Motivated by the idea that the Quaternary glacial–interglacial cycles could have resulted from orbitally forced transitions between multiple stable states mediated by internal feedbacks, this study investigates the existence and mechanisms of multiple equilibria in an idealized, energy-conserving atmosphere–ocean–sea ice general circulation model with a fully coupled carbon cycle. Four stable climates are found for identical insolation and global carbon inventory: an ice-free Warm climate, two intermediate climates (Cold and Waterbelt), and a fully ice-covered Snowball climate. A fifth state, a small ice cap state between Warm and Cold, is found to be barely unstable. Using custom radiative kernels and a thorough sampling of the model’s internal variability, three equilibria are investigated through the state dependence of radiative feedback processes. For fast feedbacks, the systematic decrease in surface albedo feedback from Cold to Warm states is offset by a similar increase in longwave water vapor feedback. At longer time scales, the key role of the carbon cycle is a dramatic lengthening of the adjustment time comparable to orbital forcings near the Warm state. The dynamics of the coupled climate–carbon system are thus not well separated in time from orbital forcings, raising interesting possibilities for nonlinear triggers for large climate changes.

Significance Statement

How do carbon cycle and other physical processes affect the physical and mathematical properties of the climate system? We use a complex climate model coupled with a carbon cycle to simulate the climate evolution under different initial conditions. Four stable climate states are possible, from the Snowball Earth, in which ice covers the whole planet, to the Warm state, an ice-free world. The carbon cycle drives the global climate change at an extremely slower pace after sea ice retreats. Sea ice and water vapor, on the other hand, constitute the major contributing factors that accelerate faster climate change.
Association Between Urban Regeneration and Healthcare-Seeking Behavior of Affected Residents: A Natural Experiment in two Multi-Ethnic Deprived Housing Areas in Denmark
Authors: Nygaard Siv Steffen , Høj Jørgensen Terese Sara , Srivarathan Abirami , Brønnum-Hansen Henrik , Kivikoski Cecilie , Kristiansen Maria , Lund Rikke
Published: September 2022

Area regeneration of deprived neighborhoods is being used to reduce health inequality, socioeconomic deprivation and ethnic segregation. This quasi-experimental study examines if long-term graded exposure to urban regeneration is associated with primary healthcare-seeking behavior among residents. We compared general practitioner (GP) contacts from 2015-2020 in two adjacent, deprived social housing areas, one exposed to area regeneration. Populations were into Western and non-Western males and females aged 15 years and older (N = 3,960). Mean annual GP contact frequency for each group were estimated and a difference-in-difference (DiD) analysis was conducted with adjustments for propensity scores based on baseline characteristics. GP contact frequency increased for all groups across time with a systematically higher level and faster increase in the control groups. In particular, the mean difference between the exposed and control area for Western women increased from −4.67 to −5.76 annual contacts across the period. The mean differences in contact frequency increased for all groups but results of the DiD analyses were insignificant. In conclusion, an increasing gap in GP contact frequency, with the highest levels in the control area, was observed for all comparisons across time. More long-term research is needed to understand how the increasing gaps evolve.
Eradicating extreme poverty in Africa through productive inclusion: A comparative assessment of two social protection programmes in Ghana
Authors: Amofa Seth Kwakye , Owusu Godfred Matthew Yaw , Bawole Justice Nyigmah , Atta Moses
Published: September 2022

Ghana has experimented with two social protection programmes: the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) programme, and the Japan Social Development Fund (JSDF) pilot project aimed at reducing extreme poverty and enhancing the standard of living of beneficiaries. This study comparatively assessed how the LEAP programme and the JSDF-LEAP project have contributed to improving the standard of living of beneficiaries. A sample of 167 respondents, comprising 81 LEAP households, 82 JSDF-LEAP beneficiaries and four District Social Welfare Officers took part in the study. The study findings suggest that cash transfers alone such as the LEAP programme may not yield significant improvement in the standard of living of the extremely poor without complementary programmes such as the JSDF-LEAP project to address the livelihood and other socio-economic challenges that they encounter. The study recommends a holistic approach to tackling extreme poverty through ‘cash plus’ programmes.

Points for practitioners

The findings of this study highlight the need for public administration practitioners involved in poverty eradication programmes to pursue a simultaneous design involving the implementation of both cash transfers and productive inclusion programmes as the preferred strategy for improving the standard of living of the extremely poor. Moreover, this research has also revealed that for social protection programmes to be successfully implemented, carefully designed systems and structures must be put in place at the national level, through the regional, district and community levels at the design and implementation phases of such interventions.
Collaborating Across Organizational Boundaries to Co-Create a More Just, Resilient, and Thriving Society
Authors: Pavez Ignacio , Feyerherm Ann , Valenzuela Francisco , Zandee Danielle
Published: September 2022

In this editorial for our special issue on interorganizational collaboration (IOC), we position collaborative action in the context of the concurrent global crises that necessitate the bridging of interests, positions, competencies, and resources. We unpack the notion of IOC in terms of its conditions, phases, practices, and dynamics, and provide an overview of how the contributing authors support such understanding of cross-boundary collaboration. Through their action-oriented approaches to research and learning, they show a promising interplay of insight and impact. We underline their search for impact and aim to reinforce the potential of IOC not just to be successful, but also highly meaningful to address grand challenges. We therefore take a normative stance and describe how the intertwined notions of justice, resilience, and thriving can serve as a compass to legitimize, organize, facilitate, assess, and study IOC as an important pathway for the co-creation of a better world.
Laughing through the Stomach: Satire, Humour and Advertising in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Tshuma Lungile Augustine , Msimanga Mbongeni Jonny , Tshuma Bhekizulu Bethaphi
Published: September 2022

This paper critically explores the use of satire and humour by fast-foods outlets in South Africa and Zimbabwe to advertise and market their menu through digital media platforms, Facebook and Twitter. Using Nando’s South Africa and Mambo’s Chicken, in Zimbabwe, as case studies, we examine how satire and humour are used as advertising strategies, and as a reflection of these countries’ economic and political environments. Consumers are overwhelmed with information coming from different sources such as Television, radio, newspapers and Internet. The paper’s theoretical approach is gleaned from advertising and satire. We argue that through their encounter with food, consumers tend to understand the reason behind their ‘empty stomach’, and mediate on prevailing socio-political and economic issues.
Gait and Sit-To-Stand Motor Compensation Strategies in Children and Adolescents With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Dazzi Mariana De Abreu Rays , Sá Cristina Dos Santos Cardoso De
Published: September 2022

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), the most common form of muscular dystrophies, is characterized by progressive and generalized muscle weakness. The weakness of the trunk and other muscle groups leads these patients to perform motor compensation strategies to maintain their lower limb functionality for gait quality and for tasks such as getting up from a sitting position. In this cross-sectional observational study, we described and quantified trunk, gait, and sit-to-stand motor compensation strategies in different stages of this disease. Thirty-one ambulatory 5–18-year-old children and adolescents with a diagnosis of DMD, underwent cognitive assessment with the Mental Mini-Examination (MMSE) and motor assessment with the Vignos scale, Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control (SATCo-BR), Timed Up and Go test (TUG Test), and 10-m walk test. We found strong correlations between trunk and gait compensations, and identified motor compensation strategies characteristic of certain DMD classifications. Also, these lower limb and trunk compensations related to disease staging (Vignos) such that compensations were fewer for patients at relatively better disease staging.
Stereotype Promise: Racialized Teacher Appraisals of Asian American Academic Achievement
Authors: Okura Keitaro
Published: September 2022

Asian American students are frequently stereotyped to be hardworking and academically talented. To what extent are teacher appraisals of Asian students influenced by such racial stereotypes? This article investigates this question through a quantitative analysis of high school students from the Educational Longitudinal Study. I find that even when controlling for a wide range of student and family characteristics, including standardized test scores, and comparing students within the same school, high school teachers express more favorable appraisals of Asian students relative to academically comparable White students along three dimensions. First, teachers report more positive assessments of Asian students’ attentiveness and performance in their classrooms. Second, they hold higher expectations for Asian students’ future educational attainment, typically expecting a college degree or more. Third, they are more likely to recommend Asian students for Advanced Placement and honors courses, signaling one concrete action by which teachers may act as gatekeepers to further reify Asian students’ academic success. Importantly, I find that math teachers remain more likely to engage in such behaviors net of their own subjective evaluations of student attitudes and behaviors, lending suggestive evidence to the claim that Asian youth benefit from racialized teacher expectations. The results more broadly suggest that differential teacher appraisals are a source of educational inequality across racial groups in the United States.
Modified Item-Fit Indices for Dichotomous IRT Models with Missing Data
Authors: Zhang Xue , Wang Chun
Published: September 2022

Item-level fit analysis not only serves as a complementary check to global fit analysis, it is also essential in scale development because the fit results will guide item revision and/or deletion (Liu & Maydeu-Olivares, 2014). During data collection, missing response data may likely happen due to various reasons. Chi-square-based item fit indices (e.g., Yen’s Q1, McKinley and Mill’s G2, Orlando and Thissen’s S-X2and S-G2) are the most widely used statistics to assess item-level fit. However, the role of total scores with complete data used in S-X2and S-G2is different from that with incomplete data. As a result, S-X2and S-G2cannot handle incomplete data directly. To this end, we propose several modified versions of S-X2and S-G2to evaluate item-level fit when response data are incomplete, named as Mimpute-X2and Mimpute-G2, of which the subscript “ impute” denotes different imputation methods. Instead of using observed total scores for grouping, the new indices rely on imputed total scores by either a single imputation method or three multiple imputation methods (i.e., two-way with normally distributed errors, corrected item-mean substitution with normally distributed errors and response function imputation). The new indices are equivalent to S-X2and S-G2when response data are complete. Their performances are evaluated and compared via simulation studies; the manipulated factors include test length, sources of misfit, misfit proportion, and missing proportion. The results from simulation studies are consistent with those of Orlando and Thissen (2000, 2003), and different indices are recommended under different conditions.
Visible but Hidden: An Intersectional Examination of Identity Management Among Sexual Minority Employees
Authors: Dhanani Lindsay Y. , Totton Rebecca R. , Hall Taylor K. , Pham Carolyn T.
Published: September 2022

As organizations have increasingly prioritized the inclusion of sexual minorities, there has been a proliferation of studies examining the ways by which organizations can foster environments that enable sexual minorities to express themselves authentically at work. Yet, extant research has predominantly ignored the role of other social identities in shaping the experiences of sexual minority employees, their decisions regarding the ways they express their sexual identities at work, and the consequences of those decisions. The current study correspondingly draws on theorizing on intersectionality to propose that workplace experiences related to race, a visible identity, may alter the decisions employees make about the expression of their invisible sexual identities. We additionally extend current conceptualizations of identity management to consider the ways employees may manage the presentation of their more visible racial identities at work. Results indicated that harassment experienced on the basis of sexual orientation and race combined to influence identity management strategies related to sexual and racial identities. Furthermore, concealing one's sexual orientation and suppressing one's racial identity uniquely contributed to decrements in employee well-being and interacted to predict employee outcomes. Yet, the nature of the interactions varied by employee race. Findings from this study support the need to adopt an intersectional approach to understanding invisible inequalities at work and inform future theoretical and practical efforts aimed at fostering workplace inclusion.

Keywords: identity management; sexual orientation; race; employee well-being
Latinx High School Students' Perceptions About Their High School Experiences
Authors: A. Luévanos Elisabeth , Anthony Luévanos J. , Madsen Jean
Published: September 2022

Does student voice matter? This study examined how Latinx students used their voice to share their experiences about how they were perceived and treated at their schools. Data collection included focus groups with Latinx students. Students’ responses indicated they did not feel safe nor did their school create a caring environment. Students’ also noted their concerns about not getting access to school counselors or post-secondary schooling. Findings indicated that listening to students is an important factor in keeping schools accountable for how they serve underrepresented students.
Successful extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy in a child with coronavirus 2019 disease-associated ARDS and chemotherapy for Ewing’s sarcoma
Authors: Niño-Taravilla Carmen , Zuleta-Morales Yuri , Otaola-Arca Hugo , Montenegro Benigno , Sotomayor F Cristian , Greppi Q Claudia , Silva Garay Pamela , Ortiz-Fritz Paula
Published: September 2022

Most children and adolescents with SARS-CoV-2 infection show no or mild symptoms, but those with medical histories can be susceptible to more severe forms of disease. There are few reported cases of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We present a previously healthy 13-year-old male diagnosed with metastatic Ewing’s sarcoma at the same time as catastrophic acute respiratory distress syndrome due to COVID-19, who was successfully supported by venovenous-ECMO while he received the corresponding chemotherapy protocol.

ECMO can be used as salvage therapy in oncology pediatric patients with respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19. In addition, successful chemotherapy can be administered while patients are supported on ECMO.
The association between N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor availability and glutamate levels: A multi-modal PET-MR brain imaging study in first-episode psychosis and healthy controls
Authors: Beck Katherine , Arumuham Atheeshaan , Brugger Stefan , McCutcheon Robert A , Veronese Mattia , Santangelo Barbara , McGinnity Colm J , Dunn Joel , Kaar Stephen , Singh Nisha , Pillinger Toby , Borgan Faith , Sementa Teresa , Neji Radhouene , Jauhar Sameer , Aigbirhio Franklin , Boros Istvan , Turkheimer Federico , Hammers Alexander , Lythgoe David , Stone James , Howes Oliver D
Published: September 2022

Background:

Evidence from post-mortem studies and in vivo imaging studies suggests there may be reduced N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) levels in the hippocampus in patients with schizophrenia. Other studies have reported increased glutamate in striatum in schizophrenia patients. It has been hypothesised that NMDAR hypofunction leads to the disinhibition of glutamatergic signalling; however, this has not been tested in vivo.

Methods:

In this study, we investigated the relationship between hippocampal NMDAR and striatal glutamate using simultaneous positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance (PET-MR) imaging. We recruited 40 volunteers to this cross-sectional study; 21 patients with schizophrenia, all in their first episode of illness, and 19 healthy controls. We measured hippocampal NMDAR availability using the PET ligand [18F]GE179. This was indexed relative to whole brain as the distribution volume ratio (DVR). Striatal glutamatergic indices (glutamate and Glx) were acquired simultaneously, using combined PET-MR proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS).

Results:

A total of 33 individuals (15 healthy controls, 18 patients) were included in the analyses (mean (SD) age of controls, 27.31 (4.68) years; mean (SD) age of patients, 24.75 (4.33), 27 male and 6 female). We found an inverse relationship between hippocampal DVR and striatal glutamate levels in people with first-episode psychosis (rho = −0.74, p < 0.001) but not in healthy controls (rho = −0.22, p = 0.44).

Conclusion:

This study show that lower relative NMDAR availability in the hippocampus may drive increased striatal glutamate levels in patients with schizophrenia. Further work is required to determine whether these findings may yield new targets for drug development in schizophrenia.
Individual differences in cocaine-induced conditioned place preference in male rats: Behavioral and transcriptomic evidence
Authors: Atehortua Martinez Luisa Alessandra , Curis Emmanuel , Mekdad Nawel , Larrieu Claire , Courtin Cindie , Jourdren Laurent , Blugeon Corinne , Laplanche Jean-Louis , Megarbane Bruno , Marie-Claire Cynthia , Benturquia Nadia
Published: September 2022

Background:

Substance use disorder emerges in a small proportion of drug users and has the characteristics of a chronic relapsing pathology.

Aims:

Our study aimed to demonstrate and characterize the variability in the expression of the rewarding effects of cocaine in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm.

Methods:

A cocaine-CPP paradigm in male Sprague–Dawley rats with an extinction period of 12 days and reinstatement was conducted. A statistical model was developed to distinguish rats expressing or not a cocaine-induced place preference.

Results:

Two groups of rats were identified: rats that did express rewarding effects (CPP expression (CPPE), score >102 s) and rats that did not (no CPP expression (nCPPE), score between −85 and 59 s). These two groups did not show significant differences in a battery of behavioral tests. To identify differentially expressed genes in the CPPE and nCPPE groups, a whole-transcriptome ribonucleic acid-sequencing analysis was performed in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) 24 h after the CPP test. Four immediate early genes ( Fos, Egr2, Nr4a1, and Zbtb37) were differentially expressed in the NAc of CPPE rats after expression of CPP. Variability in cocaine-induced place preference persisted in the CPPE and nCPPE groups after the extinction and reinstatement phases. Transcriptomic differences observed after reinstatement were distinct from those observed immediately after expression of CPP.

Conclusion:

These new findings provide insights into the identification of mechanisms underlying interindividual variability in the response to cocaine’s rewarding effects.
Influence of discontinuities on the fracture behaviour of CNT reinforced composites subjected to thermo-mechanical load using XIGA
Authors: Yadav Aanchal , Bhardwaj Gagandeep , Godara Rajendra Kumar
Published: September 2022

This paper is aimed to investigate the fracture behaviour of carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced composite exposed to the thermo-mechanical environment in the presence of discontinuities using the extended isogeometric analysis (XIGA) method. The study focuses on finding the effects of discontinuities present in a finite plate with a pre-existing crack, on the stress intensity factors (SIFs). The mandatory equivalent mechanical and thermal properties are assessed with the help of various micromechanics models. Two types of CNTs are assumed to be reinforced in the epoxy-matrix: single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The CNT reinforced composite is examined for varying volume percentages of CNTs reinforcement. A comparative study is provided to see the influence of mechanical and coupled thermo-mechanical load on SIFs. Adiabatic crack is taken into account for the computational simulation for thermal loading condition. The interaction integral method is used for the extraction of SIFs. The findings of the test reveal that with the rise in the volume percentage of CNTs, the properties such as fracture energy and fracture toughness also rise. Moreover, the fracture of CNT reinforced composites is delayed with the increased content of CNT. The results establish the profound influence of holes on SIFs than the inclusions.
SCADA data for wind turbine data-driven condition/performance monitoring: A review on state-of-art, challenges and future trends
Authors: Pandit Ravi , Astolfi Davide , Hong Jiarong , Infield David , Santos Matilde
Published: September 2022

This paper reviews the recent advancement made in data-driven technologies based on SCADA data for improving wind turbines’ operation and maintenance activities (e.g. condition monitoring, decision support, critical components failure detections) and the challenges associated with them. Machine learning techniques applied to wind turbines’ operation and maintenance (O&M) are reviewed. The data sources, feature engineering and model selection (classification, regression) and validation are all used to categorise these data-driven models. Our findings suggest that (a) most models use 10-minute mean SCADA data, though the use of high-resolution data has shown greater advantages as compared to 10-minute mean value but comes with high computational challenges. (b) Most of SCADA data are confidential and not available in the public domain which slows down technological advancements. (c) These datasets are used for both, the classification and regression of wind turbines but are used in classification extensively. And, (d) most commonly used data-driven models are neural networks, support vector machines, probabilistic models and decision trees and each of these models has its own merits and demerits. We conclude the paper by discussing the potential areas where SCADA data-based data-driven methodologies could be used in future wind energy research.
Optimal energy management of microgrid based wind/PV/diesel with integration of incentive-based demand response program
Authors: Boqtob Ouassima , El Moussaoui Hassan , El Markhi Hassane , Lamhamdi Tijani
Published: September 2022

The combination of demand response as demand side management together with energy management system has become essential to minimize energy cost, to maintain continuous supply of electricity, and to improve the safety of power system operation. This paper studies the optimal energy dispatch of connected microgrid units containing photovoltaic panels, wind turbine generators, diesel generators, and the main grid. The optimal set point of microgrid’s units is determined to satisfy the required load demand for a day-ahead horizon time. As the demand response is an important way of demand side management, this paper proposes as the main contribution the implementation of demand response cost as one of the objective functions to be maximized to view its effect on load demand consumption, on MG energy production and on MG energy cost. The demand response is implemented by using an incentive based demand response program in the optimization model in addition to the fuel cost of diesel generators and the transfer cost of transferable power. The incentive payment offered by utilities is used to motivate consumers to change their energy consumption behavior and thus to reduce their power consumption and maintain the system reliability during on-peak periods. Thus the objective function is formulated to maximize microgrid operator’s demand response benefit, and to minimize both the fuel cost of diesel generators, and the transfer cost of transferable power. For this purpose, the defined objective function is solved by a Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization with Sine Cosine Acceleration Coefficients (H-PSO-SCAC) algorithm for an optimal energy management system of the connected microgrid. For the simulation tests, different algorithms are examined in order to validate the effectiveness of the H-PSO-SCAC algorithm. The impact of demand response program is analyzed on the load demand consumption, on the microgrid energy production and its influence on the optimized microgrid cost function. The results demonstrate that the implementation of demand response has changed the previous situation that costumers do not participate in the operation of the power system. And it enables microgrid to decrease load consumption, microgrid energy production, as well as energy cost.
Effect of Anchor Density on Functional Outcomes After Arthroscopic Hip Labral Repair
Authors: Ernat Justin J. , Comfort Spencer M. , Jildeh Toufic R. , Ruzbarsky Joseph J. , Philippon Marc J.
Published: September 2022

Background:

While labral repair has been widely adopted as the first line treatment for labral injury during hip arthroscopy, there is no widespread consensus on the procedural technique, including the number of anchors that should be used to avoid recurrent instability and revision surgery.

Purpose:

To determine if anchor density can predict patient-reported outcomes after arthroscopic labral repair in the hip.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patients aged 18 to 50 years who underwent primary hip arthroscopic surgery with labral repair between January 2011 and December 2016 were identified from a prospectively collected database. Exclusion criteria consisted of previous ipsilateral surgery, osteoarthritis (Tönnis grade >1), and severe cartilage defects (Outerbridge grade III/IV) or concomitant labral reconstruction, capsular reconstruction, or microfracture. Minimum 2-year patient-reported outcomes (modified Harris Hip Score [mHHS], Hip Outcome Score [HOS]–Activities of Daily Living [ADL], HOS–Sport Specific Subscale [SSS], 12-Item Short Form Health Survey [SF-12]), rates of achieving the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) for each score, revision surgery rate, and rate of conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) were compared based on anchor density (number of anchors per millimeter of labral tear).

Results:

A total of 634 hips (575 patients) with a mean age of 30.4 ± 9.5 years (range, 18.0-49.9 years) met inclusion criteria. The mean labral tear size was 31 ± 11 mm (range, 2-70 mm) with a median number of anchors used for labral repair of 3 (range, 1-7) and mean anchor density of 0.11 ± 0.08 anchors (range, 0.03-1.33) per millimeter of labral tear. Hips with a minimum 2-year follow-up (451/634 [71.1%]) had significant improvements on the mHHS, HOS-ADL, HOS-SSS, and SF-12 Physical Component Summary ( P < .001 for all). There was no significant correlation detected between anchor density or number of anchors used and postoperative scores (correlation coefficient range, –0.05 to 0.17; P > .05 for all). The rate of revision surgery was 6.4% (28 patients), with 8 hips found to have labral tears and/or deficiency on revision. Additionally, 6 hips (1.3%) had to undergo THA at a mean of 3.6 ± 2.1 years (range, 2.0-5.5 years).

Conclusion:

Anchor density did not have a correlation with postoperative outcomes, achieving the MCID or PASS, revision hip arthroscopic surgery, complications, or conversion to THA.
Web-Based Electronic Health Record Program: A Twelve-Month Evaluation on Pharmacist’s Intervention in Medicare Part D Annual Comprehensive Medication Review
Authors: Chong Mok Thoong , Chong Desiree S.
Published: September 2022

Objective:The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of pharmacist’s intervention on annual comprehensive medication review (Annual CMR) for Medicare Part D beneficiaries. Background: To develop a new approach to assess Medicare Part D Annual CMR using a technological tool. Methods: One hundred sixty-three (163) eligible Medicare Part D beneficiaries were enrolled. By using an Electronic Health Record (EHR) Program, the pharmacist was able to assess laboratory, pharmacy, diagnosis, and patient information. A post-medication review summary was provided to the medical providers and patients which included a medication action plan. At the end of 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after the medication review, data were collected, assessed and compared. Results: The study showed that pharmacist’s interventions were recommended to seventy-four (74) enrollees which comprised of 45% of the total enrollees. It showed that at 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month intervals after the medication review, the recommended interventions acknowledged and implemented by the medical providers were 20%, 51% and 64% respectively, which showed a significant difference over a 12-month period ( P-value <.05). Different types of pharmacist’s interventions that were recommended may include to initiate, to adjust and to discontinue medication. The most common disease states that required interventions were psychiatric disorder, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, gastrointestinal disease, diabetes, dyslipidemia and pain. Conclusion: The finding of this study revealed that such a web-based EHR system was a very meaningful and effective tool in assisting pharmacists to assess the proper and safe use of medication in elderly patients.
Cutting tool wear monitoring in milling processes by integrating deep residual convolution network and gated recurrent unit with an attention mechanism
Authors: Wu Qiwen , Zhou Xueliang , Pan Xiaoming
Published: September 2022

The conditions of cutting tool wear in the machining process have a great influence on the dimension accuracy and surface integrity of a workpiece. Real-time tool condition monitoring can alert a worker to changes in a tool in time before tool failure occurs to reduce downtime and improve product quality. However, traditional monitoring methods are no longer able to meet the requirements of real-time monitoring in current intelligent manufacturing. Therefore, an online monitoring method based on deep learning to monitor the cutting tool conditions is proposed In this research. In this monitoring model, one-dimensional wide-kernel convolution is used to filter the high-frequency noise in the multi-dimensional raw signals, and then a deep residual convolution layer is adopted to adaptively extract the multi-dimensional spatial features of the signals, and a gated recurrent unit (GRU) layer with an attention mechanism is employed to adaptively extract the hidden temporal features of the sequence data and adaptively assign the corresponding weights, and finally, a regression layer is used to predict the wear value of the tool according to the extracted features. The PHM 2010 challenge dataset is used to illustrate and evaluate this proposed method. The experiment results show that the proposed method can accurately predict the future flank wear values in real time based on the acquired multi-dimensional signals and avoid the complexity of the manual feature extraction.
Bounded distance control for Multi-UAV formation safety and preservation in target-tracking applications
Authors: Hegde Aditya , Aloor Jasmine Jerry , Ghose Debasish
Published: September 2022

The notion of safety in multi-agent systems assumes great significance in many emerging collaborative multi-robot applications. In this paper, we present a multi-UAV collaborative target-tracking application by defining bounded inter-UAV distances in the formation in order to ensure safe operation. In doing so, we address the problem of prioritizing specific objectives over others in a multi-objective control framework. We propose a barrier Lyapunov function-based distributed control law to enforce the bounds on the distances and assess its Lyapunov stability using a kinematic model. The theoretical analysis is supported by numerical results, which account for measurement noise and moving targets. Straight-line and circular motion of the target are considered, and results for quadratic Lyapunov function-based control, often used in multi-agent multi-objective problems, are also presented. A comparison of the two control approaches elucidates the advantages of our proposed safe-control in bounding the inter-agent distances in a formation. A concluding evaluation using Robot Operating System simulations illustrates the practical applicability of the proposed control to a pair of multi-rotors visually estimating and maintaining their mutual separation within specified bounds, as they track a moving target.