bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Expanding the Chemical Space for Push‐Pull Chromophores by Non‐Concerted [2 + 2] and [4 + 2] Cycloadditions: Access to a Highly Functionalized 6,6‐Dicyanopentafulvene with an Intense, Low‐Energy Charge‐Transfer Band.
Authors: Jayamurugan Govindasamy , Gisselbrecht Jean‐Paul , Boudon Corinne , Schoenebeck Franziska , Schweizer W. Bernd , Bernet Bruno , Diederich Francois
Published: June 2011

Non‐concerted cycloaddition of pentacyano‐substituted butadiene (I) with alkyne (II) gives rise to triene (III), cyclohexadiene (IV) and spirocyclic zwitterion (VII) in ratios depending on the solvents used.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Cyclizaton of Organohalides.
Authors: Kim Hyejin , Lee Chulbom
Published: June 2011

Compared to bromides, iodo substrates provide higher yields within a shorter time [cf.(I)].
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Biomaterial Supported Bifunctional Organocatalyst (ES—SO3‐C5H5NH+) for the Synthesis of β‐Amino Carbonyls.
Authors: Verma Sanny , Jain Suman L. , Sain Bir
Published: June 2011

A cost‐effective, environmentally benign, easily accessible, recyclable pyridinium‐based organocatalyst grafted to chemically modified expanded starch is prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(OAc)2/dppf as an Efficient and Highly Active Catalyst for the Allylation of Amines, Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids with 1‐Phenyl‐1‐propyne.
Authors: Wagh Yogesh S. , Sawant Dinesh N. , Tambade Pawan J. , Dhake Kishor P. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: June 2011

The reaction enables allylation of various electron‐rich, electron‐deficient and sterically hindered amines, alcohols and carboxylic acids at low catalyst concentration.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Cross‐Coupling of Unactivated Alkyl Halides.
Authors: Yu Xiaolong , Yang Tao , Wang Shulin , Xu Hailiang , Gong Hegui
Published: June 2011

The reaction is applied to a variety of primary and secondary halides with both coupling partners being bromides or a bromide and an iodide.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Arylation of Simple Azoles Catalyzed by 1,10‐Phenanthroline Containing Palladium Complexes: An Investigation of C4 Arylation of Azoles and the Synthesis of Triarylated Azoles by Sequential Arylation.
Authors: Shibahara Fumitoshi , Yamaguchi Eiji , Murai Toshiaki
Published: June 2011

[Pd(phen)2](PF6)2 and Pd(phen)(O‐Ac)2 are efficient catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Water‐Promoted Palladium‐Catalyzed Heck Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aryl Halides with Alkenes in TBAB.
Authors: Tao Li‐Ming , Li Qiang‐Guo , Liu Wen‐Qi , Zhou Yun , Zhou Ju‐Feng
Published: June 2011

The Pd‐catalyzed coupling of a wide range of aryl halides with alkenes proceeds smoothly in the presence of Bu4NBr.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Mediated Oxidative Esterification of Aldehydes: Ester Formation and Mechanistic Studies.
Authors: Maji Biswajit , Vedachalan Seenuvasan , Ge Xin , Cai Shuting , Liu Xue‐Wei
Published: June 2011

The carbene generated from BIM efficiently promotes the esterification of aromatic and conjugated aldehydes with cinnamyl and benzyl bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthetic Method for Allylic Amination of Cyclic Allylic Ethers Using Chlorosulfonyl Isocyanate.
Authors: Lee Sang Hwi , Kim In Su , Li Qing Ri , Dong Guang Ri , Jung Young Hoon
Published: June 2011

Various substrates are found to be suitable for the transformation.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple, Nontoxic Iron System for the Allylation of Zinc Enolates.
Authors: Jarugumilli Gopala K. , Cook Silas P.
Published: June 2011

Equimolar combination of Fe2(CO)9 and PPh3 represents a cheap and nontoxic catalytic system for the zinc enolates, generated in situ, to afford the trans‐products.
ChemInform Abstract: InBr3‐Catalyzed Glycosidation of Glycals with Arylamines: An Alternative Approach to Access 4‐Aminocyclopent‐2‐enones.
Authors: Li Fulong , Ding Chunyong , Wang Meining , Yao Qizheng , Zhang Ao
Published: June 2011

The title compounds are useful synthons which can be converted into carbocyclic nucleosides like (XIV).
ChemInform Abstract: Weakly Nucleophilic Conjugate Bases of Superacids as Powerful Nucleophiles in Vinylic Bimolecular Nucleophilic Substitutions of Simple β‐Alkylvinyl(aryl)‐λ3‐bromanes.
Authors: Ochiai Masahito , Okubo Takuji , Miyamoto Kazunori
Published: June 2011

A new stereoselective method to prepare (E)‐vinylic bromanes like (III) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Accelerated Enantioselective Propargylation of Aldehydes via Allenylzinc Reagents.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Ngai Ming‐Yu , Dong Guangbin
Published: June 2011

A mixture of propargyl/allenyl iodide solution is used to generate in situ the title regents via zinc—iodine exchange.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Catalytic Oxidation of p‐Alkoxyphenols to p‐Quinones Using Tetrabutylammonium Bromide and Oxone®.
Authors: Yakura Takayuki , Ozono Ayaka , Morimoto Kohei
Published: June 2011

One of the best and environmentally benign procedures for the synthesis of p‐quinones from p‐alkoxyphenols (11 examples) is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Malononitrile to Chalcones Promoted by α,α‐L‐Diaryl Prolinols: Noncovalent versus Covalent Catalysis?
Authors: Russo Alessio , Capobianco Amedeo , Perfetto Alessandra , Lattanzi Alessandra , Peluso Andrea
Published: June 2011

Both experimental and computational investigations of the title reaction are consistent with a bifunctional noncovalent mode of activation, in analogy to the mode of action typically recognized for Cinchona alkaloids.
ChemInform Abstract: A Cascade Heck—Aldol—Heck Reaction by a Combination of Transition‐Metal Catalysis and Aminocatalysis
Authors: Guo Chang‐Shan , Du Yu‐Han , Huang Zhi‐Zhen
Published: June 2011

leading to trisubstituted (E)‐alkenes (IV) and (VI)
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐Hexanesulfonic Acid Sodium Salt Promoted One‐Pot Synthesis of Amidoalkyl Naphthols under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Niralwad Kirti S. , Shingate Bapurao B. , Shingare Murlidhar S.
Published: June 2011

The process allows a rapid access to the biologically interesting structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed C—CN Activation for Intramolecular Cyanoesterification of Alkynes.
Authors: Rondla Naveen R. , Levi Samuel M. , Ryss Jonathan M. , Vanden Berg Rachel A. , Douglas Christopher J.
Published: June 2011

The optimized conditions minimize the formation of decarbonylated by‐products with exception of (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Accessing Skeletal Diversity under Iron Catalysis Using Substrate Control: Formation of Pyrroles versus Lactones.
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Quiros M. Teresa
Published: June 2011

Iron trichloride‐catalyzed ring expansion of β‐lactam allenols furnishes γ‐lactones while the same reaction using the corresponding β‐lactam alkynols yields pyrrole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction on Water: A Greener Approach for the Thia Michael Addition on N‐Aryl Maleimides.
Authors: Kumar Varun , Mitra Rangan , Bhattarai Sanjay , Nair Vipin A.
Published: June 2011

The Michael addition of thiols to N‐aryl maleimides (I) can be performed in water at ambient temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese(III)‐Catalyzed Formal [3 + 2] Annulation of Vinyl Azides and β‐Keto Acids for Synthesis of Pyrroles.
Authors: Ng Eileen Pei Jian , Wang Yi‐Feng , Chiba Shunsuke
Published: June 2011

Various substrates are successfully transformed to pyrrole structures in the presence of catalytic Mn(O‐Ac)3.Ketoacid (XII), which is able to generate a primary α‐carbonyl radical, requires equimolar Mn(III) and affords only a low amount of product, which is not essentially increased in the presence of Mn (2‐picolinate)3.
ChemInform Abstract: Cooperative Catalytic Activation of Si—H Bonds by a Polar Ru—S Bond: Regioselective Low Temperature C—H Silylation of Indoles under Neutral Conditions by a Friedel—Crafts Mechanism.
Authors: Klare Hendrik F. T. , Oestreich Martin , Ito Jun‐ichi , Nishiyama Hisao , Ohki Yasuhiro , Tatsumi Kazuyuki
Published: June 2011

Treatment of indoles with nonhindered silanes in the presence of (I) allows facile selective access to 3‐silylated indoles.
ChemInform Abstract: A [3 + 2] Dipolar Cycloaddition Route to 3‐Hydroxy‐3‐alkyl Oxindoles: An Approach to Pyrrolidinoindoline Alkaloids.
Authors: Singh Anand , Roth Gregory P.
Published: June 2011

Cycloaddition reaction of 3‐methylene oxindoles with nitrile oxides, generated in situ, leads to oxa‐spirooxindoles.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel CAN‐SiO2‐Mediated One‐Pot Oxidation of 1‐Keto‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydrocarbazoles to Carbazoloquinones: Efficient Syntheses of Murrayaquinone A and Koeniginequinone A.
Authors: Chakraborty Suchandra , Chattopadhyay Gautam , Saha Chandan
Published: June 2011

A series of carbazoloquinones, e.g. murrayaquinone A (IIb) and koeniginequinone A (IIh), is readily prepared by a solvent‐free oxidation of corresponding carbazolones (I) with silica‐supported CAN.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 4,4′‐(Arylmethylene)‐bis(3‐methyl‐1‐phenylpyrazol‐5‐ol) Derivatives in PEG‐400 under Catalyst‐Free Conditions
Authors: Hasaninejad Alireza , Zare Abdolkarim , Shekouhy Mohsen , Golzar Nooshin
Published: June 2011

16 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Fast, Ligand‐ and Solvent‐Free Copper‐Catalyzed Click Reactions in a Ball Mill.
Authors: Thorwirth Rico , Stolle Achim , Ondruschka Bernd , Wild Andreas , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: June 2011

The Huisgen cycloaddition proceeds highly selective under mild conditions and very short reaction times employing a planetary ball mill together with fused quartz sand as a milling auxiliary.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of Some Novel 1,3,4‐Thiadiazoles for Antidiabetic Activity.
Authors: Pattan S. R. , Kittur B. S. , Sastry B. S. , Jadav S. G. , Thakur D. K. , Madamwar S. A. , Shinde H. V.
Published: June 2011

The new 1,3,4‐thiadiazoles (IIIa) and (IIIe) show significant antidiabetic activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Natural Product Biosynthesis Inspired Concise and Stereoselective Synthesis of Benzopyrones and Related Scaffolds.
Authors: Baskar Baburaj , Dakas Pierre‐Yves , Kumar Kamal
Published: June 2011

Biologically relevant tri‐ and tetracyclic benzopyrones are prepared from 3‐formylchromones and various allenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective and Efficient Synthesis of Flavanones Including Pinostrobin Through the Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition.
Authors: Korenaga Toshinobu , Hayashi Keigo , Akaki Yusuke , Maenishi Ryota , Sakai Takashi
Published: June 2011

A variety of bioactive flavanones is prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Benzyne with Formamides and Acetylimidazole.
Authors: Okuma Kentaro , Nojima Akiko , Nakamura Yuki , Matsunaga Nahoko , Nagahora Noriyoshi , Shioji Kosei
Published: June 2011

The reaction of benzyne, generated in situ from o‐trimethylsilylphenyl triflate (I) with dimethylformamide or acetylimidazole (VI) provides a novel approach to the synthesis of xanthene derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Sonogashira Reaction on Pyridinium N‐Heteroarylaminides.
Authors: Cordoba Marta , Izquierdo M. Luisa , Alvarez‐Builla Julio
Published: June 2011

A general protocol is developed for the Pd‐catalyzed coupling of pyridinium amidine (I) with terminal acetylenes (II) using DABCO as the base under microwave irradiation in acetonitrile or water as the solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Syntheses of 2,3‐Substituted Pyridines by Orthogonal Cross‐Coupling Strategies.
Authors: Koley Moumita , Wimmer Laurin , Schnuerch Michael , Mihovilovic Marko D.
Published: June 2011

Microwave‐assisted C—N cross‐coupling reactions of (I) followed by Suzuki—Miyaura coupling give 2‐aryl/alkylamino‐3‐arylpyridines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vitro Fungicidal Activity of a Series of Novel N‐(Heterocyclo)phthalimides.
Authors: Ban Shurong , Chen Wenbin , Xi Zhen
Published: June 2011

New N‐(heterocyclo)phthalimides (III), (V) and (VII) are synthesized from corresponding phthalic anhydride derivatives and tested for their antifungal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Hydride Addition to Pyridinium Salts: New Routes to Enantiopure Dihydropyridones.
Authors: Donohoe Timothy J. , Connolly Matthew J. , Rathi Akshat H. , Walton Lesley
Published: June 2011

Hydride transfer in the pyridinium salts (II) becomes possible in the presence of Bu4NF to give diastereomers (IV) as the main products.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel 3‐Bromo‐1,2‐dihydroquinolines via Palladium‐Mediated Intramolecular Cyclization of N‐Tosyl‐N‐propargyl Anilines.
Authors: Gurunathan Savitha , Perumal Paramasivam Thirumalai
Published: June 2011

A simple procedure allows the efficient preparation of the target compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of CF3‐Substituted 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroisoquinolines and 1,2,3,6‐Tetrahydropyridines.
Authors: Chernyshov I. Yu. , Levin V. V. , Dilman A. D. , Belyakov P. A. , Struchkova M. I. , Tartakovsky V. A.
Published: June 2011

A simple and convenient procedure for the preparation of CF3‐substituted isoquinoline and pyridine derivatives is developed using nucleophilic trifluoromethylation under acidic conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Furo[2,3‐f]quinolin‐5‐ols.
Authors: Ryu Chung‐Kyu , Kim Yang Hui , Nho Ji‐Hee , Hong Jung An , Yoon Joo Hee , Kim Aram
Published: June 2011

Cyclization reactions of quinolinedione derivatives (III) and (VI) with hydrazine, alkyl‐ or arylthiols afford the corresponding furoquinolinol scaffolds in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of A‐86929, a Dopamine D1 Agonist.
Authors: Hajra Saumen , Bar Sukanta
Published: June 2011

Dopamine D1 agonist A‐86929 (IV) is synthesized via an one‐pot aziridination and Friedel—Crafts cyclization of compound (I) as key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Isoquinuclidinones via a Tandem Amination/Imination Sequence: Application to the Synthesis of (‐)‐Mearsine.
Authors: Cuthbertson James D. , Godfrey Andrew A. , Taylor Richard J. K.
Published: June 2011

The sequence converts 6‐acyl‐cyclohex‐2‐enones of type (I) directly to the required isoquinuclidinones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐(2‐Hydroxybenzyl)phthalazin‐1(2H)‐ones.
Authors: Osyanin V. a. , Ivleva E. A. , Klimochkin Yu. N.
Published: June 2011

Reaction of phthalazinone (I) with o‐methylenequinones generated from salicyl alcohols (II) affords the products of a Michael 1,4‐addition (III) instead of phthalazinobenzoxazines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vitro Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Some Fluorinated Hexahydropyrimidine Derivatives.
Authors: Agbaje Oluropo C. , Fadeyi Olugbeminiyi O. , Fadeyi S. Adamson , Myles Lewis E. , Okoro Cosmas O.
Published: June 2011

The one‐pot condensation of trifluoroacetoacetates (I), aromatic aldehydes (II), and thiourea (III) gives rise to the formation of hexahydropyrimidines (IV) in moderate to very good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Substrate‐Controlled Chemoselective Synthesis and Potent Cytotoxic Activity of Novel 5,6,7‐Triarylpyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Shi Feng , Ding Jie , Zhang Shu , Hao Wen‐Juan , Cheng Chuang , Tu Shujiang
Published: June 2011

Sterically hindered triarylpyridopyrimidinone derivatives (IV) or (VI) are obtained by controlling the educts in microwave‐assisted three‐component reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise and Cascade Synthesis of Batracylin and Substituted Isoindolo[1,2‐b]quinazolin‐12(10H)‐ones.
Authors: Shankar R. , Wagh Manoj Balu , Madhubabu M. V. , Vembu N. , Kumar U. K. Syam
Published: June 2011

The synthesis of the title skeleton is readily achieved through a cascade cyclization of 2‐cyanomethyl benzoate with aminobenzyl alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(II)‐Catalyzed ortho‐Arylation of 6‐Arylpurines with Aryl Iodides via Purine‐Directed C—H Activation: A New Strategy for Modification of 6‐Arylpurine Derivatives.
Authors: Guo Hai‐Ming , Jiang Li‐Li , Niu Hong‐Ying , Rao Wei‐Hao , Liang Lei , Mao Run‐Ze , Li De‐Yang , Qu Gui‐Rong
Published: June 2011

The reaction proceeds selectively as a monoarylation in ortho position even with an excess of aryl iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: Hetero Diels—Alder Reactions of Acyl Phosphonates: Synthesis of Glycosyl Type Phosphonates.
Authors: Polat‐Cakir Sidika , Demir Ayhan S.
Published: June 2011

The hetero Diels—Alder reaction of acyl phosphonates with activated dienes is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed C—P Bond Construction via Direct Coupling of Phenylboronic Acids with H‐Phosphonate Diesters.
Authors: Zhuang Rongqiang , Xu Jian , Cai Zhenshi , Tang Guo , Fang Meijuan , Zhao Yufen
Published: June 2011

The use of aerobic conditions is crucial as a reaction carried out under inert or oxygen atmosphere leads to poor results.
ChemInform Abstract: “On‐Water” Michael‐Type Addition Reactions Promoted by PhSeZnCl.
Authors: Battistelli Benedetta , Lorenzo Testaferri , Tiecco Marcello , Santi Claudio
Published: June 2011

The Michael‐type addition of (II) to alkenes and alkynes in water presents an effective and eco‐friendly alternative to existing methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Salvileucalin C, a Novel Rearranged Neoclerodane Diterpene from Salvia leucantha.
Authors: Takeya Koichi , et al. et al.
Published: June 2011

The title compound (I) is isolated together with the structurally closely related salvileucalin D (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Identification and Evaluation of Soft Coral Diterpenes as Inhibitors of HIF‐2α Induced Gene Expression.
Authors: Grkovic Tanja , Whitson Emily L. , Rabe Daniel C. , Gardella Roberta S. , Bottaro Donald P. , Linehan W. Marston , McMahon James B. , Gustafson Kirk R. , McKee Tawnya C.
Published: June 2011

The extraction of three active marine soft corals of the order Alcyonacea (Sarcophyton sp., L.
ChemInform Abstract: Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activities of Diterpenes and Sterols from the Vietnamese Soft Coral Lobophytum compactum.
Authors: Van Minh Chau , et al. et al.
Published: June 2011

The new compounds, lobocompactol A (I) and B (II) are isolated together with five known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Triazole Moiety‐Containing Nucleotide Analogues and Their Inhibitory Effects on a Malic Enzyme.
Authors: Hou Shuhua , Liu Wujun , Ji Debin , Zhao Zongbao
Published: June 2011

The synthesis of the title compounds (V) involves lipase‐mediated selective deacylation of β‐D‐ribofuranoside (II) and the Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition between terminal alkynes and an 1‐azido ribofuranoside derivative as key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Synthesis of a Unique Isonitrile Lipid Isolated from the Marine Mollusk Actinocyclus papillatus.
Authors: Gavagnin Margherita , et al. et al.
Published: June 2011

Both enantiomers are prepared and (R)‐I is found to be the natural product actisonitrile.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Bis‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles and Bispyrazoles Derived from 1,4‐Bis[5‐thio‐4‐substituted‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl]‐butane and Their DNA Binding Studies.
Authors: Purohit Madhusudan , Prasad V. V. S. Rajendra , Mayur Yergeri C.
Published: June 2011

The new compounds (I) are screened for their in vitro cytotoxicity against the cancer cell lines lung carcinoma A‐549, colon carcinoma HT‐29, and breast cancer MDA MB‐231.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation and Conversion of Carbon Nanostructures under Radiation
Authors: Gerasimov G. Ya.
Published: June 2011

Review: 158 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Temperature Synthesis
Authors: Xu Ruren , Su Qiang
Published: June 2011

Review: 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Properties Characterization and Applications of Various Organobismuth Compounds
Authors: Luan Jingfei , Zhang Lingyan , Hu Zhitian
Published: June 2011

Review: 108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Some Recent Examples in Developing Biocatalytic Pharmaceutical Processes
Authors: Tao Junhua , Liu J. , Chen Z.
Published: June 2011

Review: 21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Functionalization of Carbon Nanostructures via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions
Authors: Quintana Mildred , Grzelczak Marek , Prato Maurizio
Published: June 2011

Review: 21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Water: Nature′s Reaction Enforcer‐Comparative Effects for Organic Synthesis “In‐Water” and “On‐Water”
Authors: Butler Richard N. , Coyne Anthony G.
Published: June 2011

Review: 271 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Heterogeneously Catalyzed Aerobic Selective Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Vinod C. Prabhakaran , Wilson Karen , Lee Adam F.
Published: June 2011

Review: 143 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Chemistry: A Need of the Day
Authors: Ameta Suresh C. , Ameta Rakshit , Ameta Aarti , Ameta Chetna
Published: June 2011

Review: 156 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Critical Comparison: Copper, Silver, and Gold
Authors: Stephen A. , Hashmi K.
Published: June 2011

Review: 112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aldol and Related Processes
Authors: Kawasaki Masanori , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: June 2011

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Silylene Transfer
Authors: Driver Tom G.
Published: June 2011

Review: 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization Reactions
Authors: Belmont Philippe
Published: June 2011

Review: 93 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Vilsmeier—Haack Reaction
Authors: Goess Brian
Published: June 2011

Review: 35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Friedel—Crafts Reactions: Past to Present
Authors: Campbell Jeffrey A.
Published: June 2011

Review: 154 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring‐Closing Metathesis
Authors: Snyder Nicole L. , Graepel Kevin W.
Published: June 2011

Review: 228 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Buchner Reaction
Authors: Wu Yong‐Jin
Published: June 2011

Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystalline Lipid Domains: Characterization by X‐Ray Diffraction and Their Relation to Biology
Authors: Ziblat Roy , Leiserowitz Leslie , Addadi Lia
Published: June 2011

Review: ca. 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oils and Fats as Renewable Raw Materials in Chemistry
Authors: Biermann Ursula , Bornscheuer Uwe , Meier Michael A. R. , Metzger Juergen O. , Schaefer Hans J.
Published: June 2011

Review: 207 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solutions for the Clinical Problems of Analgesics for Cancer Pain Treatment in Japan
Authors: Kokubun Hideya , Matoba Motohiro , Yamada Yasuhiko , Yago Kazuo
Published: June 2011

Review: 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: PET Imaging of Multidrug Resistance in Tumors Using 18F‐Fluoropaclitaxel
Authors: Kurdziell Karen A. , Kiesewetter Dale O.
Published: June 2011

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ti—Mo Cast Alloys for Biomedical Applications. Anodic Behavior and Passive Film Properties
Authors: Oliveira N. T. C. , Guastaldi A. C. , Piazza S. , Sunseri C.
Published: June 2011

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Necessity of Risk‐Assessment Tools in Solid Waste Emissions in Analyzing Environment and Public Health Protection
Authors: Koliopoulou Georgia
Published: June 2011

Review: 32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Drugs that Target Dynamic Microtubules: A New Molecular Perspective
Authors: Stanton Richard A. , Gernert Kim M. , Nettles James H. , Aneja Ritu
Published: June 2011

Review: 223 refs.
Practical Determination of the Heat Transfer Coefficients at Bodies with Arbitrary Geometry
Authors: Moschallski Andreas , Rückert Jan Philipp , Herwig Heinz
Published: June 2011

Es wird ein Verfahren zur einfachen experimentellen Bestimmung des mittleren Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten an geometrisch unterschiedlichen Bauteilen in einer stationären Strömung vorgestellt. Das Verfahren beruht auf der Messung des zeitabhängigen Temperaturverlaufes des Bauteils und der Bestimmung des Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten auf Basis der Energieerhaltungsgleichung. Anhand der Körpergeometrie einer Kugel wird die konkrete Anwendung dargestellt und anschließend gezeigt, dass die so ermittelten Wärmeübergangsdaten gut mit denjenigen aus der Literatur übereinstimmen.
Two step biodiesel production from Calophyllum inophyllum oil: Studies on thermodynamic and kinetic modelling of modified β‐zeolite catalysed pre‐treatment
Authors: Sathyaselvabala Vasanthakumar , Ponnusamy Senthilkumar , Periyaraman Premkumar Manickam , Selvaraj Dinesh Kirupha , Thangaraj Vidhyadevi , Subramanian Sivanesan
Published: June 2011

Biodiesel is one of the alternative fuels that can help in reducing oil dependence. β‐Zeolite was modified with phosphoric acid and the modified β‐zeolite was used as catalyst for the esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) present in pinnai oil and its effect on esterification reaction was studied. Influence of catalyst amount, methanol to oil ratio and temperature on specific reaction rate was modelled using Langmuir–Hinshelwood (LH) kinetics, pseudo first order kinetics and Arrhenius equation, respectively. The kinetic constant values obtained in LH kinetics show that the adsorption capacity of FFA on catalyst surface was approximately 23 times higher than that of methanol. From pseudo first order kinetic modelling it is found that methanol to oil molar ratio of 9 gives the optimum k value. Thermodynamic studies were also performed to prove the endothermic nature of Pβ catalysed esterification reaction. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Aspekte von Bewertungskompetenz im naturwissenschaftlichen Unterricht
Authors: Heitmann Patricia , Tiemann Rüdiger
Published: June 2011

Die Fähigkeit zu Bewerten ist einer von vier Kompetenzbereichen der nationalen Bildungsstandards. Sie umfasst die Kompetenz von Lernenden, zu naturwissenschaftlichen Problemstellungen, die auch eine gesellschaftliche Relevanz haben, eine Position beziehen zu können. Als eine Heranführungsweise an Bewertungsthemen wird in diesem Artikel die Einbindung in einen Problemlösekontext aufgezeigt, in dem Lernende fachspezifisches Wissen und Erkenntnisse erarbeiten. Von Interesse ist dabei, inwieweit Schülerinnen und Schüler der zehnten Jahrgangsstufe naturwissenschaftliche Bewertungskriterien für ihre Urteile einsetzen. Neben der Darstellung der theoretischen Grundlagen zu diesem Kompetenzbereich werden daher auch Schülerurteile aus Testaufgaben zur Diagnose der Bewertungskompetenz diesbezüglich analysiert.
Chemische Begriffe im biologischen Kontext
Authors: Geyer Ina , Heimann Rebekka
Published: June 2011

In diesem Artikel beschreiben wir ein Experimentalkonzept zum Einstieg in das Thema Säuren, in dem erste Eigenschaften von Säuren über das Lösen von biologisch eingebetteten Fragestellungen erarbeitet werden. Das Konzept wurde mit Achtklässlern erprobt. Die Erfahrungen bezüglich des Lernzuwachses und der Schülereinstellungen werden dargestellt.
Clopidogrel With Proton Pump Inhibitors: Safe or Not?
Authors: Mehta Anuj , Mehta Deeksha , Loganathan Jayanthi , Paladugu Neelima , Bhalodkar Narendra C.
Published: June 2011

Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a serious complication associated with use of antiplatelet therapy, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are known to be beneficial in decreasing such risk. Several studies in the recent past have suggested concerns regarding interaction between clopidogrel and PPIs, presumably due to inhibition of clopidogrel activity and thus attenuation of its antiplatelet activity. A web‐based literature and guidelines search was done using the keywords “clopidogrel,” “omeprazole,” “proton pump inhibitors” and “interaction.” Of the available results, relevant studies (n = 11) were then systematically reviewed and summarized. The studies were categorized based on their retrospective or prospective nature. Most of the retrospective, observational studies suggested a link between the 2; however, recent prospective studies have shown no interaction, as well as a positive influence of PPIs in preventing the GI side effects of antiplatelet therapy. There is currently insufficient clinical evidence to suggest interaction between clopidogrel and PPIs and decision to add PPI therapy to clopidogrel should be guided by its clinical indications rather than as a routine prophylactic measure. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination of Wetland Soils from a Typical Aquatic–Terrestrial Ecotone in Haihe River Basin, North China
Authors: Xiao Rong , Bai Junhong , Wang Qinggai , Gao Haifeng , Huang Laibin , Liu Xinhui
Published: June 2011

Surface soils were collected in the aquatic–terrestrial ecotone (ATE) of Yongnianwa wetland, downstream of Haihe River basin of North China in June of 2007. Samples were subjected to a total digestion technique before they were analyzed for total concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn to investigate their pollution levels in the ATE. The contamination index, integrated contamination index, geoaccumulation index, toxic units, and sum of toxic units were adopted to assess the heavy metal contamination levels and ecotoxicity, respectively. The results showed all the selected element concentrations in upland soils of the ecotone were relatively higher than those in the lowland soils. No Cr pollution was observed in all soil samples, but almost all samples were slightly polluted by Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn except for Site 1. The contamination indexes and geoaccumulation indexes consistently presented no contamination for Site 1 and slight contamination for other sites. The ΣTUs increased from lowland to upland, but the whole level of toxicity in this ecotone was relatively low.
Impact of evidence‐based clinical guidelines on the adoption of postmastectomy radiation in older women
Authors: Shirvani Shervin M. , Pan I‐Wen , Buchholz Thomas A. , Shih Ya‐Chen Tina , Hoffman Karen E. , Giordano Sharon H. , Smith Benjamin D.
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND:

Although postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) improves survival for patients with high‐risk breast cancer, previous literature suggested that it is underused. The impact of recent clinical guidelines on PMRT use is unknown. Accordingly, the authors used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare cohort to determine whether the use of PMRT has increased in response to evidence‐based guidelines.

METHODS:

In total, 38,322 women aged ≥66 years who underwent mastectomy for invasive breast cancer between 1992 and 2005 were identified. Time trends in the receipt of PMRT for low‐risk (T1/T2 N0), intermediate‐risk (T1/T2 N1), and high‐risk (T3/T4 and/or N2/N3) patients were characterized. Multivariate logistic regression identified risk factors for PMRT omission.

RESULTS:

The receipt of PMRT by patients with high‐risk breast cancer increased from 36.5% (95% confidence interval, 26%‐46.9%) to 57.7% (95% confidence interval, 46.9%‐68.4%) between 1996 and 1998 with the publication of landmark clinical trials. However no further increase in PMRT use was observed between 1999 and 2005 despite publication of multiple guidelines endorsing its use; during this period, only 54.8% (2729 of 4978) of high‐risk patients received PMRT. Within this high‐risk group, patients with smaller tumors or less advanced lymph node disease were at risk for PMRT omission.

CONCLUSIONS:

After an initial increase in PMRT use in response to clinical trials, the use of PMRT did not increase further in response to guideline publication, and nearly 50% of patients with high‐risk breast cancer still do not receive PMRT. Additional research is needed to determine how clinical guidelines can be used to bridge the gap between level I evidence and clinical practice. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society
Polycomb group protein EZH2 is frequently expressed in inflammatory breast cancer and is predictive of worse clinical outcome
Authors: Gong Yun , Huo Lei , Liu Ping , Sneige Nour , Sun Xiaoping , Ueno Naoto T. , Lucci Anthony , Buchholz Thomas A. , Valero Vicente , Cristofanilli Massimo
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND:

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a member of polycomb group proteins, is involved in the regulation of cell cycle progression and has been implicated in various human malignancies, including breast cancer, and also has been associated with aggressive tumor behavior. However, the clinical significance of EZH2 expression in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), a rare but aggressive type of breast carcinoma, has not been explored. In this retrospective study, the authors examined EZH2 expression in IBC tumors and evaluated the relation between EZH2 expression and patient survival.

METHODS:

Tissue microarrays of 88 surgically resected IBC tumors were stained immunohistochemically for EZH2, and the authors evaluated the association of EZH2 expression status with clinicopathologic factors and clinical outcome.

RESULTS:

The median follow‐up for the entire cohort was 45.7 months, and the 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate was 45%. EZH2 was expressed frequently in IBC tumors (75.7%) and was associated significantly with unfavorable prognostic factors, such as higher tumor grade, negative estrogen receptor status, and triple‐negative status (ie, negative for the estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor 2 receptors). Univariate survival analysis indicated that patients who had EZH2‐positive IBC had a significantly lower 5‐year OS rate than patients who had EZH2‐negative IBC (P = .01). In multivariate analysis, only positive EZH2 status remained an independent predictor of worse OS.

CONCLUSIONS:

EZH2 was expressed frequently in IBC tumors. The current results indicated that EZH2 expression status may be used to identify a subset of patients with IBC who have a relatively worse prognosis. Targeting EZH2 also may provide a novel strategy for improving the clinical outcome of patients with IBC. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Human immunodeficiency virus‐associated lung cancer in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Pakkala Suchita , Chen Zhengjia , Rimland David , Owonikoko Taofeek K. , Gunthel Clifford , Brandes Johann R. , Saba Nabil R. , Shin Dong M. , Curran Walter J. , Khuri Fadlo R. , Ramalingam Suresh S.
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND:

Lung cancer is the leading cause of death among non‐acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)‐defining malignancies. Because highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has improved the survival of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the authors evaluated lung cancer outcomes in the HAART era.

METHODS:

HIV‐positive patients who were diagnosed with lung cancer at the authors' institution during the HAART era (1995‐2008) were analyzed. Patient charts were reviewed for clinical and laboratory data. The CD4 count at diagnosis was treated as a continuous variable and subcategorized into distinct variables with 3 cutoff points (50 cells/mL, 200 cells/mL, and 500 cells/mL). Pearson correlation coefficients were estimated for each covariate studied. Survival was determined by using the Kaplan‐Meier method.

RESULTS:

Of 80 patients, 73 had nonsmall cell lung cancer. Baseline characteristics were as follows: median patient age, 52 years; male, 80%; African Americans, 84%; injection drug users, 25%; smokers, 100%; and previous exposure to antiretroviral agents, 55%. At the time of cancer diagnosis, the mean CD4 count was 304 cells/mL, and the mean viral load was 82,420 copies/mL. The latency between HIV diagnosis and lung cancer diagnosis was significantly shorter among women (4.1 years vs 7.7 years; P = .02), and 71% of patients received anticancer therapy. The 1‐year and 3‐year survival rates for stage IIIB/IV were 25% and 0%, respectively. Grade 3/4 toxicities occurred in 60% of patients who received chemoradiation versus 36% of patients who received chemotherapy. Cancer‐related survival was better for patients with CD4 counts >200 cells/mL (P = .0298) and >500 cells/mL (P = .0076).

CONCLUSIONS:

The latency from diagnosis of HIV to lung cancer was significantly shorter for women. Although outcomes for patients with lung cancer who have HIV remain poor, a high CD4 count was associated with improved lung cancer‐related survival. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
FBI‐1 promotes cell proliferation and enhances resistance to chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Fang Feng , Yang Lianyue , Tao Yiming , Qin Wei
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND:

The so‐called factor that binds to inducer of short transcripts‐1 (FBI‐1) purportedly plays an important role in tumorigenesis; however, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression level, clinical relevance, and biologic function of FBI‐1 in HCC.

METHODS:

Real‐time quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect expression levels of FBI‐1 and to analyze its relation to clinicopathologic parameters and to the prognosis of patients with HCC. In addition, the biologic functions of FBI‐1 in regulating cell proliferation, migration, and reaction to chemotherapy were detected by using HepG2 cells and SMMC‐7721 cells; subsequently, the molecular mechanism of FBI‐1 also was investigated. Finally, a xenograft mouse model was used to validate the observations obtained from in vitro studies.

RESULTS:

Expression levels of FBI‐1 messenger RNA and protein were elevated significantly in HCC tissues compared with adjacent nontumorous liver tissues (ANLTs). Increased FBI‐1 expression was correlated with multiple tumor nodes, Edmondson‐Steiner grade, and a poor prognosis in patients with HCC (P < .05). In vitro studies revealed that FBI‐1 was capable of promoting cell proliferation (but not cell migration) by regulating the cell cycle regulation proteins p53, p21, and p27. In addition, FBI‐1 could inhibit cell death induced by 5‐fluorouracil or doxorubicin through suppressing the activation of p53. Consistent with the in vitro data, FBI‐1 was capable of promoting cell proliferation and enhancing chemotherapy resistance of HCC in vivo.

CONCLUSIONS:

The current findings indicated that FBI‐1 plays an important role in HCC carcinogenesis and chemotherapy tolerance, and FBI‐1 may served as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for HCC. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Reirradiation and hyperthermia for radiation‐associated sarcoma
Authors: de Jong Marianne A. A. , Oldenborg Sabine , Bing Oei S. , Griesdoorn Vanessa , Kolff M. Willemijn , Koning Caro C. E. , van Tienhoven Geertjan
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of reirradiation and hyperthermia in the treatment of radiation‐associated sarcoma (RAS) in the thoracic region, which is an increasing, yet extremely rare condition with a poor prognosis.

METHODS:

Between 1979 and 2009, 16 patients with RAS in the thoracic region were treated in the Academic Medical Center and the Institute Verbeeten with reirradiation and hyperthermia. In 13 patients, this treatment was given for unresectable disease and 3 times after resection as adjuvant treatment. The median latency period between the original malignancy diagnosis and the RAS diagnosis was 86 months (range 19‐212 months). Histology was angiosarcoma in 11 patients (69%). The literature on reirradiation with or without hyperthermia for RAS was reviewed.

RESULTS:

The median survival was 15.5 months (range, 3‐204 months). Four patients were not evaluable for response. The response rate for the remaining 12 patients was 75% (7 complete responses and 2 partial responses). Six patients remained free of local failure until death (5 months and 7 months) or last follow‐up (8 months, 11 months, 39 months, and 68 months).

CONCLUSIONS:

The current study indicates that combined reirradiation and hyperthermia for RAS in the thoracic region is feasible. The high response rate and the possibility of durable local control suggest that this treatment is promising. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Comparison of tumor response by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and modified RECIST in patients treated with sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Edeline Julien , Boucher Eveline , Rolland Yan , Vauléon Elodie , Pracht Marc , Perrin Christophe , Le Roux Catherine , Raoul Jean‐Luc
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND:

A significant improvement in overall survival (OS) was demonstrated in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who received sorafenib (Sor) in the Sorafenib HCC Assessment Randomized Protocol (SHARP) study, in contrast to a response rate (RR) of 2% assessed according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Modified RECIST (mRECIST) were developed to assess the response in patients with HCC, based on measurement of viable tumor with arterial enhancement on a computed tomography (CT) scan. In the current study, mRECIST were evaluated and were compared with RECIST in patients who received Sor for advanced HCC.

METHODS:

The authors retrospectively analyzed 53 patients who received Sor for advanced HCC. Patients must to have undergone a 4‐phase CT scan before treatment and repeatedly thereafter. CT scans were analyzed using RECIST 1.1 and mRECIST.

RESULTS:

The rates of objective response (OR), stable disease (SD), and progressive disease (PD) were 2%, 79%, and 19%, respectively, according to RECIST and 23%, 57%, and 21%, respectively, according to mRECIST (P < .001). Patients who achieved an OR according to mRECIST had a longer OS than nonresponding patients with SD or PD (median OS, 18 months and 8 months, respectively; P = .013). In the 42 patients who achieved SD according to RECIST, OS differed depending on tumor response according to mRECIST, with a median OS of 17 months, 10 months, and 4 months for patients who achieved an OR (n = 11), SD (n = 29), and PD (n = 2), respectively (P = .016).

CONCLUSIONS:

The current series validated mRECIST in patients who received Sor for advanced HCC. The majority of patients who had SD according to RECIST had a different prognosis according to mRECIST. The results indicated that, for patients with HCC, mRECIST should be used for the standard assessment of treatment efficacy, particularly in patients who are receiving antiangiogenic drugs. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Novel, chimeric, cancer‐specific, and radiation‐inducible gene promoters for suicide gene therapy of cancer
Authors: Xiong Jie , Sun Wen‐jie , Wang Wei‐feng , Liao Zheng‐kai , Zhou Fu‐xiang , Kong Hai‐yan , Xu Yu , Xie Cong‐hua , Zhou Yun‐feng
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND:

Although the promoter of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene has been widely used in gene therapy for targeted cancer cells, it has some limitations for clinical use because of its low activity and potential toxicity to certain normal cells. To overcome these defects, the authors generated novel chimeric hTERT promoters that contained the radiation‐inducible sequence CC(A/T)6GG (known as CArG elements).

METHODS:

Chimeric hTERT promoters were synthesized that contained different numbers of CArG elements, and the activity of chimeric promoters was assessed in different cancer cell lines and normal cells. The potential of selected promoters to successfully control horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and prodrug indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) suicide gene therapy was tested in vitro and in vivo.

RESULTS:

The promoter activity assays indicated that the synthetic promoter that contained 6 repeating CArG units had the best radiation inducibility than any other promoters that contained different numbers of CArG units, and the chimeric promoters retained their cancer‐specific characteristics. The chimeric promoter was better at driving radiation‐inducible gene therapy than the control promoters. The sensitizer enhancement ratio of the chimeric promoter system determined by clonogenic assay was higher, and the chimeric promoter system resulted in a significantly higher apoptotic level compared with other promoter systems. The combination of chimeric/promoter‐mediated gene therapy and radiotherapy significantly inhibited tumor volume in a xenograft mouse model and resulted in a significant prolongation of survival in mice.

CONCLUSIONS:

The current results indicated that a combinational cancer‐specific promoter system that is responsive to irradiation has great potential for improving the efficacy of cancer treatment. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Underascertainment of radiotherapy receipt in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry data
Authors: Jagsi Reshma , Abrahamse Paul , Hawley Sarah T. , Graff John J. , Hamilton Ann S. , Katz Steven J.
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND:

Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry data have been used to suggest underuse and disparities in receipt of radiotherapy. Prior studies have cautioned that SEER may underascertain radiotherapy but lacked adequate representation to assess whether underascertainment varies by geography or patient sociodemographic characteristics. The authors sought to determine rates and correlates of underascertainment of radiotherapy in recent SEER data.

METHODS:

The authors evaluated data from 2290 survey respondents with nonmetastatic breast cancer, aged 20 to 79 years, diagnosed from June of 2005 to February 2007 in Detroit and Los Angeles and reported to SEER registries (73% response rate). Survey responses regarding treatment and sociodemographic factors were merged with SEER data. The authors compared radiotherapy receipt as reported by patients versus SEER records. The authors then assessed correlates of radiotherapy underascertainment in SEER.

RESULTS:

Of 1292 patients who reported receiving radiotherapy, 273 were coded as not receiving radiotherapy in SEER (underascertained). Underascertainment was more common in Los Angeles than in Detroit (32.0% vs 11.25%, P < .001). On multivariate analysis, radiotherapy underascertainment was significantly associated in each registry (Los Angeles, Detroit) with stage (P = .008, P = .026), income (P < .001, P = .050), mastectomy receipt (P < .001, P < .001), chemotherapy receipt (P < .001, P = .045), and diagnosis at a hospital that was not accredited by the American College of Surgeons (P < .001, P < .001). In Los Angeles, additional significant variables included younger age (P < .001), nonprivate insurance (P < .001), and delayed receipt of radiotherapy (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

SEER registry data as currently collected may not be an appropriate source for documentation of rates of radiotherapy receipt or investigation of geographic variation in the radiation treatment of breast cancer. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.