bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ensino de ecologia e elementos da etnoecologia: perspectivas para a formação inicial do professor de biologia a partir de um curso de extensão
Authors: Martins Karina , Almeida Rosiléia Oliveira de , Baptista Geilsa Costa Santos
Published: July 2022

No presente trabalho, apresentamos e discutimos os resultados do estudo que incluiu um curso de extensão universitária cujo objetivo foi analisar e compreender de que maneira o referido curso colaborou para a sensibilização de professores de biologia no que tange o ensino de ecologia que considere e respeite a diversidade cultural. Trata-se de uma abordagem qualitativa com análise de conteúdo de três categorias temáticas geradas a partir de entrevista semiestruturada com quatro licenciandas em Ciências Biológicas que participaram do curso: 1. Estrutura do curso; 2. Desenvolvimento das intervenções; 3. Etnoecologia na sala de aula de Biologia. De maneira geral, os resultados indicam que a abordagem etnoecológica agrega elementos fundamentais para o ensino de biologia voltado ao diálogo intercultural. Este trabalho aponta para a direção de que são necessários maiores esforços para a formação do professor de biologia sensível à diversidade cultural que vá além de abordagens teóricas e que a inserção da etnoecologia pode constituir um caminho para o preenchimento desta lacuna teoria-prática no ensino de biologia.
Comunidades/populações tradicionais e produção teórica: o que nos revelam as teses e dissertações em educação ambiental no Brasil
Authors: Jiménez Sánchez Laura del Pilar , Cavalari Rosa Maria Feiteiro
Published: July 2022

O atual modelo econômico neoliberal se reflete na educação ambiental com tendências hegemônicas reducionistas e individualistas. Nesse sentido é importante superar a dimensão meramente prática, e voltar o olhar para reflexões teóricas. Compreender o que é pesquisado nos programas de pós-graduação, a partir das teses e dissertações defendidas, faz parte da busca por evidenciar as condições teóricas de um campo, e nesse sentido são importantes as pesquisas de natureza qualitativa do tipo “estado da arte”, como a apresentada neste artigo. No total foram vinte e nove pesquisas, sendo cinco teses e vinte e quatro dissertações, a partir das quais se analisou, por um lado, a questão da identidade, assim como a ciência versus saberes tradicionais, por outro o desmonte e abandono de entidades públicas, mas também a falta de acesso aos direitos básicos das comunidades, que sofrem um aumento da precarização com o cenário político atual.
Estimativa de Impedância para Suporte de Estabilidade e Qualidade de Energia em Inversores Conectados à Rede
Authors: Gomes Hugo M. T. C. , Carralero Leandro L. O. , Suárez José H. , Tahim André P. N. , Pinheiro José Renes , Costa Fabiano F.
Published: July 2022

Este trabalho propõe um método de estimação da impedância de rede adequado a sistemas de geração distribuída conectados à rede por meio de inversores. O procedimento é baseado em variações nas potências ativa e reativa injetadas no sistema de potência pelo inversor. As variações provocam alterações nos valores de tensão e corrente no Ponto de Acoplamento Comum (PAC). Essas alterações são usadas para estimar a resistência e indutância da rede através de análise numérica de Newton-Raphson. Além disso, a estimativa da impedância é usada para adaptar uma técnica de amortecimento ativo do sistema de controle do inversor. O método proposto é verificado por meio de simulações no ambiente PSIM e experimentalmente em tempo real por meio de plataforma de testes Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL).
Application of weak cationic polyelectrolytes in paper and cardboard efficiency improvment technology
Authors:   Belarusian State Technological University, Сhernaya N.V. , Shashok Zh.S. ,   Belarusian State Technological University, Karpova S.V. ,   Belarusian State Technological University, Uss E.P. ,   Belarusian State Technological University, Misyurov O.A. ,   Belarusian State Technological University
Published: July 2022

The article considers the effect of weak cationic polyelectrolytes on the structure- and paper-forming properties of glued fibrous suspensions and the quality of glued and coated paper and cardboard samples obtained from them. It is shown for the first time that the efficiency of using cationic polyelectrolytes increases by 2…3 times due to a change in the sequence of its introduction into glued fibrous suspensions (cellulose and waste paper) in relation to rosin emulsion and electrolyte, as well as by «correction» their dosages. It is found that the use of the developed technology allows cationic polyelectrolytes to participate not only in the process of flocculation, but also in the formation of new sizing complexes in the form of finely dispersed positively charged peptized particles. It is revealed that the replacement of the sizing process in the homocoagulation mode with a more efficient mode of heteroadagulation of peptized particles due to the use of weakly basic cationic polyelectrolytes provides an increase in hydrophobicity and strength of the glued types of paper and cardboard. The expediency of using cationic polyelectrolytes to obtain high-quality products in the developed resource-saving and ecologically safe technology of glued types of paper and cardboard is substantiated based on the established increase in the degree of retention of fibers and sizing complexes and the simultaneous decrease in the content of suspended solids in recycled water. It is determined that the coating of glued paper and cardboard samples obtained with weakly basic cationic polyelectrolytes improves the printing properties of the resulting products. Recommendations are given for replacing the traditionally used complex of natural compounds in the coating paste formulation, including oxidized starch (2,0 parts by weight), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (0,7 parts by weight) and casein glue (2,0 parts by weight), for one synthetic binder — modified urea-formaldehyde oligomer (3,2 parts by weight).
Pine self-regeneration in burnt forest area
Authors:   Petrozavodsk State University, Gavrilova O.I. , Gryazkin A.V. ,   St. Petersburg State Forestry University named after S.M. Kirov
Published: July 2022

The results of a comprehensive study of the burnt area formed in 2006 on the site of a rocky pine forest in the southern part of the Republic of Karelia, east of Lake Onega, are presented. It has been established that the self-renewal of pine in the burnt area proceeds successfully. Here, young animals of mixed composition were formed. The number of pine undergrowth is 2400 ind./ha. Its number is almost 2 times higher than the number established by the 2020 Reforestation Rules. The young generation of pine is characterized by significant differentiation both in height — from 0,3 to 5 m, and in age — from 3 to 15 years. Analysis of the course of growth of model specimens showed that the increase in height depends to a greater extent on the height of the pine undergrowth than on age. The maximum values of the current growth are 25…30 cm/year. The composition of the undergrowth is dominated by mountain ash and goat willow. The total number of undergrowth species exceeds 1460 ind./ha. Living ground cover is represented by 21 species, of which 12 species are representatives of angiosperms and 9 species of mosses and lichens. Xerophytes dominate — heather, cladonia, juniper polytrichum. The soils are poor and are characterized by the predominance of oligopeat species — lingonberries, small sorrel, lichens. Successful natural reforestation is noted on the site of a burnt rocky pine forest.
Automated control methodology of fire extinguishing means scientific substantiation
Authors:   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Forestry and Forestry Mechanization, Korshunov N.A. , Savchenkova V.A. ,   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Forestry and Forestry Mechanization; BMSTU (Mytishchi branch), Perminov A.V. ,   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Forestry and Forestry Mechanization, Konyushenkov M.E. ,   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Forestry and Forestry Mechanization
Published: July 2022

The issue of firefighters territorial dispersal along the perimeter of a forest fire during its extinguishing is considered. Justification of firefighters’ coordination actions in a constantly changing external environment, taking into account the tasks facing the head of extinguishing a forest fire, was provided. The urgency of creating an automated control system for the forces and means of extinguishing a forest fire, as well as methods of controlling the forces and means of fire extinguishing in the elimination of large forest fires were substantiated. The main tasks underlying the methods of fire extinguishing forces management and technical solutions were given, such as the formation of situational awareness for participants in fire extinguishing and ensuring effective communication through the introduction of its new forms between participants in extinguishing. The implementation of this technique in the form of an automated control system was presented. This will be part of the subsystem of the ISDM-Rosleskhoz remote monitoring information system. The theoretical analysis of the main management tasks arising from the head of extinguishing a forest fire is carried out. Taking into account intellectual and technical developments, the rationale for the feasibility of integrating the subsystem into the existing remote monitoring information system of the Federal Forestry Agency is given. The significance of the work is identified, which consists in the development of algorithms for the automated formation of recommendations for making managerial decisions when organizing the extinguishing large forest fires, the introduction of electronic forms of communication when extinguishing a forest fire. Information links between participants of production processes are defined. An example of drawing up a scheme for extinguishing a forest fire is given. The procedure of actions of the head of extinguishing a forest fire and the heads of subordinate units, as well as a typical algorithm of their work, is presented. The blocks of the automated control system for each stage of its creation are indicated. The planned results of the study are presented.
Retroalimentación en las prácticas pedagógicas: interacciones entre supervisores universitarios y profesores en formación
Authors: Flores Gómez Catherine , Villalobos-Vergara Paula , Maturana Castillo Daniela , Pérez José Francisco
Published: July 2022

Introducción: Este estudio busca identificar el tipo de intervenciones producida entre supervisores universitarios y profesores en formación durante la fase de retroalimentación en la formación práctica. Objetivo: Analizar cómo las interacciones pueden promover la reflexión y autonomía del profesor en formación. Método: Enmarcado metodológicamente en un estudio de caso, participaron dos supervisoras y diez profesoras en formación de una universidad pública en Chile. Se examinaron diez transcripciones de video-grabaciones, utilizando el marco de análisis de las relaciones interpersonales de Heron para la descripción de la retroalimentación dada por el supervisor. Resultados: Los principales hallazgos dan cuenta de intervenciones en las cuales se distinguen dos focos o ámbitos en los que se centra el diálogo: retroalimentación centrada en habilidades de gestión y procedimientos del aula, y relaciones de retroalimentación predominantemente directivas con presencia de intervenciones no directivas focalizadas en dar apoyo.
Acciones de orientación universitaria en la era pos-COVID: Regreso a las aulas
Authors: Vidal-Martí Cristina
Published: July 2022

Introducción: El regreso a las aulas después de un largo periodo de formación online, debido a la pandemia del COVID-19, conllevó un proceso de adaptación de los estudiantes y del profesorado. Este artículo explica una propuesta docente en una asignatura de tercer curso de Pedagogía para facilitar dicho proceso de regreso a las aulas. Objetivos: acompañar a los estudiantes, de manera especial aquellos que presentan dificultades, crear un buen clima de apoyo y ayuda mutua, y reforzar participación e implicación. Método: uso de la metodología del aula inversa, el trabajo cooperativo en pequeño grupo, el refuerzo del feedback en el retorno de las actividades evaluables y actividades que fomenten la autoeficacia. Discusión: la experiencia está en proceso de evaluación. Sin embargo, los datos que se disponen mediante los instrumentos de evaluación permiten afirmar que la orientación psicopedagógica es una estrategia facilitadora del proceso de adaptación de los estudiantes.
Análisis de las barreras comerciales que influyeron en las exportaciones de quinua provenientes de la región de Lima en el marco de la relación comercial entre Estados Unidos y Perú durante el período 2008-2018
Authors:   , Tofenio Ñahui Milagros Patricia , Vasquez Landeo Carla Andrea
Published: July 2022

La presente investigación consiste en el análisis de las barreras comerciales que influyeron en las exportaciones de quinua provenientes de la región de Lima durante el marco de la relación comercial entre los Estados Unidos y el Perú entre los años 2008 y 2018. En los últimos años, empresas exportadoras han logrado vender grandes cantidades a Estados Unidos, sin embargo, durante el intercambio comercial se ha evidenciado barreras reflejadas en las medidas no arancelarias que obstaculizan la relación comercial entre los dos países. El objetivo general de la presente investigación es determinar las barreras comerciales que influyeron en las exportaciones de quinua de las empresas de Lima al mercado de Estados Unidos. Por medio de una metodología de tipo mixta, se analizó el comportamiento de las variables descritas como barreras comerciales mediante dos análisis: cualitativo, a través de las entrevistas a profundidad aplicadas a los principales actores y expertos en el tema que proporcionan información del sector; y un análisis cuantitativo, con el uso de un modelo gravitacional con datos econométricos, obtenidos de diferentes fuentes como INEI, SUNAT, Sistema de gestión de la información MSF y OTC de la OMS, GRAVITY del CEPII, entre otros, información que ayudó a desarrollar los objetivos planteados. El principal resultado de ambos análisis concluye que, el comportamiento de las variables MSF y OTC durante los años 2008 y 2018 indicaron ser un factor influyente en la variabilidad de las exportaciones peruanas hacia Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, se encontró que el precio internacional fue una variable que influyó en las exportaciones de quinua, pero no constituyó una barrera comercial, puesto que, a pesar de que el precio de venta se habría elevado, las cantidades exportadas no habrían disminuido.
Analysis of The Use of Slang Variation by Teenagers in Selokajang Village: A Sociolinguistics Study
Authors: Winda Lestari Oktavia , Jazeri Mohamad , Mukhlas Moh.
Published: July 2022

Slang is one of the typical languages ​​formed from Indonesian, but has been modified into a new language and is used when communicating. This study uses a research method that is descriptive qualitative method in the form of data which is then processed into a neat and easy to understand written form. This study aims to describe, validate the phenomenon under study, and to find out the reality of the phenomenon related to the use of slang by the youth of Selokajang Village. Data collection techniques used by researchers are interview techniques and also observation techniques or direct observation. Researchers used verbal data analysis techniques in the form of speeches descriptions. Data in the form of speech is based on the context of the situation, social, and cultural. Based on the results of the analysis through the interview method with the youth of Selokajang Village, it was found that there were 20 variations of slang used by the youth of Selokajang Village in daily communication. Language variation is one approach or study of sociolinguistics, language variation is often also called language variety. One form of language variation that occurs in people's speech acts is slang or also called millennial slang.
Ojhung di Atas Bukit: Budaya Magis Orang Madura Utara
Authors: Raditya Ardhie
Published: July 2022

Kehidupan orang-orang Madura Utara selama ini belum menjadi fokus perhatian arus utama dalam studi-studi akademik orang Madura. Sebagian besar peneliti Madura sering memandang ke arah selatan karena menjadi pusat kemajuan kota di pulau Madura. Tujuan penelitian ini mencoba mengungkap kekhasan budaya Madura Utara yang selama ini masih sangat terbatas dalam studi-studi akademik orang Madura. Salah satu budaya khas Madura Utara tersebut adalah pagelaran budaya ritual magis, yakni Ojhung Co’ Ghunong. Berdasarkan observasi terlibat yang dihimpun oleh peneliti menunjukkan bahwa Ojhung Co’ Ghunong adalah seni bertarung lelaki Madura Utara yang memainkan peranan penting bagi ritual magis dalam tradisi menurunkan hujan ketika musim kemarau panjang. Melalui kerja metode etnografi monografi, tersingkap kandungan nilai budaya kehidupan di antara Ojhung Co’ Ghunong. Budaya kehidupan ini tidak hanya berupa usaha menghidupkan lahan-lahan pertanian yang dilanda kekeringan, melainkan juga telah bertransformasi menjadi saluran pendidikan di antara orang-orang Madura Utara untuk menjaga dua kekuatan tubuh mereka, yakni tubuh material dan non material, agar menjadi lelaki Madura sejati.
Model Pembelajaran Menyimak Kritis Melalui Media Interaktif pada Mahasiswa Tadris Bahasa Indonesia IAIN Madura
Authors: Ayuanita Kristanti , Hafid Effendy Moh.
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya problematika ketika usai kegiatan menyimak kurang lebih hanya ada 4-5 mahasiswa yang aktif berdiskusi dan yang lainnya hanya diam tidak mengungkapkan pendapatnya. Proses menyimak memerlukan perhatian serius dari mahasiswa. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya model pembelajaran yang diterapkan dosen kepada mahasiswa yang inovatif guna mengubah pola pembelajaran ke arah yang lebih baik. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dosen menggunakan semua media yang ada di laboratorium utamanya media audio visual yang bisa digunakan secara interaktf. Selain itu, media interaktif adalah media audio visual yang digunakan dosen pengajar sebagai alat bantu dalam menyampaikan materi pembelajaran keterampilan menyimak kritis. Dalam hal ini dosen menggunakan komputer, proyektor, seperangkat multimedia lengkap dengan headset di masing masing kursi. Media audio visual dipilih dari sumber internet seperti di youtube yang berupa rekaman materi yang dipilih sedemikian rupa untuk membantu proses menyimak kritis agar lebih mudah dipahami mahasiswa Tadris Bahasa Indonesia IAIN Madura. Di sisi lain, mahasiswa merasa terbantu dalam hal menyimak dengan menggunakan media interaktif. Sebaliknya mereka merasa bosan jika pembelajaran keterampilan menyimak hanya diisi dengan diskusi atau metode ceramah. Mereka kurang konsentrasi dan terkadang mudah mengantuk. Adapun faktor pendukung dalam pembelajaran keterampilan menyimak ini adalah kondisi kelas yang kondusif ditambah dengan multimedia yang membantu jalannya proses belajar mengajar keterampilan menyimak kritis. Faktor penghambatnya terletak pada perangkat laboratorium, dalam hal ini headset yang tidak semuanya berfungsi dengan baik. Pada media yang digunakan, jika durasi terlalu panjang, mahasiswa akan kesulitan untuk menyimpulkan keseluruhan isi dari bahan simakan yang di sajikan.
Analisis Penamaan Jalan dan Nilai Historis Kebangsaan di Kota Madiun
Authors: Puti Febri Ersa Millenia , Adhani Agnes , Wijayanti Wenny
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya nama-nama jalan di Kota Madiun dengan ciri khas masing-masing daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan wujud penamaan dan mendeskripsikan makna jalan di Kota Madiun. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif kajian semantik.  Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah nama jalan (tempat), dokumen penamaan jalan (maps), dan sejarawan. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa kata atau frasa nama-nama jalan di kota Madiun. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa dokumentasi dalam bentuk tulisan dan gambar. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini ada tiga tahap, yaitu (1) menganalisis pola penamaan berdasarkan jumlah kata, jumlah suku kata, penanda, dan kelas kata, (2) menganalisis makna nama jalan dan mengaitkan nama dengan referensinya, dan (3) menganalisis ada atau tidaknya sumbangan nilai historis dan kebangsaan pada nama jalan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan nama-nama jalan di Kota Madiun menggunakan 2 kata, 4 suku kata, kelas kata berupa nomina, dan penanda terbanyak adalah nama pahlawan. Ditemukan 14 makna dari nama-nama jalan di Kota Madiun. Penamaan jalan memperoleh sumbangan nilai historis berupa perubahan nama dan adanya objek penanda, sedangkan mendapat sumbangan nilai kebangsaan melalui nama-nama jalan berupa nama pahlawan dan organisasi sebagai pengenangan jasa dan perwujudan cinta terhadap Indonesia.
Registry of patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders in the Irkutsk region
Authors:   Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Continuing Education, Pavlova T.B. , Shinkareva V.M. ,   Irkutsk State Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital
Published: July 2022

In this paper, the main epidemiological indicators of primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDDs) in the Irkutsk region based on analysis of data from 66 patients registered in the PIDDs database from 2010 to November 2021 were studied. The prevalence of primary immunodeficiencies in the Irkutsk region totals 2.75:100,000 of the population. The cohort of living patients is dominated by children (74%). A total of 22 nosological forms were verified in the registry of primary immunodeficiencies. Molecular genetic diagnosis was confirmed in 26% of the patients. Hematopoietic cell transplantation was performed in 21.2% of the patients. Intravenous immunoglobulin preparations are received by 19.7% of patients. The main purpose of the registry is to systematise patients with primary immunodeficiencies, provide them with the necessary treatment in a timely manner and improve their quality of life.
Dynamics of reduction of the pelvicalyceal system in the postoperative period in patients with hydronephrosis
Authors:   I. S. Berzon Krasnoyarsk Clinical Hospital №20, Konova A.V. , Portnyagina E.V. ,   Prof. V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University
Published: July 2022

The aim of the research. To evaluate the dynamics of contraction of the pelvicalyceal system in patients operated with congenital hydronephrosis at different periods of the disease. Material and methods. The archival medical records of 350 patients operated on for congenital hydronephrosis within the period of 1990-2020 were processed. The age of patients at the time of surgery varied from two months to 18 years. Based on the protocols of ultrasound examination of kidneys before and after surgery, the dynamics of contraction of the cavitary system of the operated kidney was evaluated. Results. As a result of surgical intervention, all patients showed reduction in the pelvicalyceal system. The most favourable result of cavitary system reduction after surgery was obtained in the 1st age group: 75.24% of the pelvis and 77.76% of the calyx; a low percentage was diagnosed in the 7th age group with 41.39% and 43.38%, respectively. Conclusion. In patients operated under the age of six months, a statistically significant better result regarding the contractility of the renal cavity system was obtained. With increasing age at the time of surgery, the elasticity of the pelvicalyceal system gradually decreases.
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV in association with a (c.970G>A) mutation in the COL3A1 gene.
Authors: Rebelo Marta , Ramos Leonor , Lima Jandira , Vieira J Diniz , Tavares Purificação , Teixeira Luísa , Matos Albuquerque , Costa J Nascimento
Published: July 2022

The Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV (EDS-IV) is a hereditary, autosomal dominant disease that causes a defect in the procollagen III synthesis, which results in a structural modification in this protein. An awareness of the disease is of vital importance for the optimal outcome, since the affected individuals have a high risk of vascular, intestinal and uterine rupture. It's a disease with great clinical variability and the diagnosis is confirmed by detection of a mutation in the gene encoding collagen type III. The authors present a case report of a patient who appeared at the emergency ward with acute abdomen and hypovolemic shock after spontaneous aortic rupture. The diagnosis was confirmed after genetic study that identified a mutation in the (c.970G>A) in the COL3A1 gene, only reported once in the literature in a family with internal carotid dissections in some of its members. It's the first time that this mutation is reported in association with the EDS-IV. The authors also make a brief review of the clinical, genetic and molecular characteristics of this syndrome.
Caracterização dos casos observados numa equipa de psiquiatria da infância e adolescência. Um estudo retrospectivo.
Authors: Encarnação Ricardo , Moura Maria , Gomes Fátima , Da Silva Pedro Caldeira
Published: July 2022

Child Mental Health Services have been dealing¸ over the last decades, with a growing number of children in need of evaluation and treatment. Recent studies estimate that 10 to 20% of children and adolescents met criteria for, at least, one psychiatric diagnosis, and that only one fifth gets appropriate treatment. Thus, in order to optimize service planning and management we performed an analysis of the cases referred to and observed at one Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic between 2004 and 2007, as well as descriptive analysis of the youth population observed at the same clinic during 2007. In the 4 year period studied, 1923 children were consulted in a total of 9609 appointments. Sample mean age was 9.89 years with a clear male gender preponderance. During 2007, 480 patients were consulted and it was possible to observe a predominance of nuclear family structure and around 71% of cases living in Sintra. Regarding the source of referral, 29% of the cases were referred by the assistant physician and in 26% by school teachers; the main complaints were behavior problems (30%) and learning disabilities (15%). It was also possible to characterize complaints according to the different referral sources. On a psychodynamic diagnostic level, 56% of all cases met criteria for a Depressive Organization. According to DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for Axis I disorders, we found 30% of Emotional Disorders and 24.8% of Conduct Disorders and Attention Deficit and Hyperactive Disorder. Mean waiting times between referral and the first appointment varied between 55 days (cases referred from the Emergency Department) and 141 days (school referrals). Only a deeper and detailed analysis of this reality will allow the planning and implementation of measures needed to optimize Child and Adolescent Mental Health services and the answer they can give to patients and families.
Influência da idade e da obstrução brônquica na resposta broncodilatadora em idosos.
Authors: Loureiro Cláudia Chaves
Published: July 2022

Bronchodilator response may be influenced by airway flow limitation, age and genetics. Evidence has shown that this response increases with higher levels of airway obstruction and is altered with age and presence of specific genetic polymorphisms of the β2 adrenergic receptors.Correlate the airway flow limitation (FEV1, FVC, IC, RV) with the bronchodilation response, to β-adrenergics (salbutamol (s)) and to anticholinergics (ipratropium bromide (b)), in a group of elderly people with diagnosed asthma.We submitted a group of twelve aged individuals (>65Y), with diagnosed asthma, to a basal ventilatory lung function evaluation, followed by a bronchodilation test, in two consecutive days (in one day using s, in the other using b). They were submitted to a functional ventilatory evaluation followed by a bronchodilator test (one day with s, other day with b). The individuals were in a stable period, without anti-asthmatic medication in the previous 24 hours. Plethismography and spirometry followed ATS/ERS 2005 criteria. Statistic analysis used SPSS for Windows. Correlations were established using the Pearson coefficient (r value).The bronchodilation response after b correlated best, with basal ventilatory evaluated parameters, than bronchodilation response after. - The FEV1 response increased as lower were the basal IC/TLC values, only after b; - The FVC response was increased as lower were the basal IC/TLC values and as higher were basal RV/TLC values, only after b; - The IC/TLC response increased as lower were basal IC/TLC values, only after b; - For both b and s, the RV/TLC responses increased as lower were basal VR/TLC values.The found correlations point out the relation of increased airway flow limitation and better bronchodilation response to b, which assumed importance to the responses related with the RV basal variation. The responses to s didn't show such a grade of dependence. That might be explained by the probable concurrence of other variables for the grade of bronchodilation response to the β-adrenergics. The existence of genetic polymorphisms of ADRB2 gene, already described in the literature, show an increasing in bronchodilation response of Arg/Arg homozygotes when β-adrenergic therapeutic is replaced for the anticholinergic one.
Necrotizing Faciitis after Shoulder Mobilization and Intra-Articular Infiltration with Betametasone
Authors: Bento-Rodrigues Joana , Judas Fernando , Pedrosa Rodrigues Jorge , Oliveira João , Simões Pedro , Lucas Francisco , Pais Lopes António
Published: July 2022

Necrotizing Fasciitis is a rapidly progressive, potentially fatal infection of superficial fasciae and subcutaneous tissue, usually resulting from an inciting trauma to the skin. Medical literature refers few cases of necrotizing fasciitis related to intra-articular infiltrations, that often lead to patients death. This report describes the clinical events on a 55 year-old diabetic patient who developed upper extremity Necrotizing Fasciitis, 18 days after shoulder mobilization and intra-articular infiltration, due to Staphylococcus epidermidis. An early surgical debridement was performed and antibiotherapy was established, resulting in a successful outcome, despite the functional disability. We point out, through this case, the possibility of intra-articular injections of drugs causing Necrotizing Fasciitis, especially in risk patients.
Diabetes e Condução: Evidência e Recomendações
Authors: Moniz Catarina Senra , Serra Filipa Alves , Ferreira Rute Costa , Vasconcelos Carlos , Saraiva António Machado
Published: July 2022

Nos últimos anos tem-se registado um aumento da preocupação com a condução e algumas condições médicas. A Diabetes Mellitus é uma das patologias associadas ao aumento do risco para a condução. Este risco resulta da ocorrência de hipoglicemia e das complicações da diabetes, como a retinopatia, a formação de cataratas e a neuropatia. Para evitar a ocorrência de acidentes, os doentes diabéticos devem cumprir algumas regras, como ter uma fonte de açúcar no carro, medir sempre a glicemia capilar antes de cada período de condução, nunca iniciar a condução com valor de glicemia capilar inferior a 90 mg/dl sem ingerir hidratos de carbono de forma profilática, parar assim que surjam sintomas de hipoglicemia, medir a glicemia capilar e tratar a hipoglicemia. Em Portugal, existemdesde Janeiro de 2013 novas regras para os condutores diabéticos. Os condutores do grupo 1 são considerados inaptos para a condução se apresentarem hipoglicemia grave ou recorrente. Os condutores do grupo 2 devem apresentar um relatório que comprove o bom controlo metabólico, a não ocorrência de episódios de hipoglicemia grave e que não existam outras complicações da diabetes.
A nova face da medicina Portuguesa: a geração de 1911 e a escola de investigação de Marck Athias.
Authors: Amaral Isabel Maria
Published: July 2022

This paper aims to demonstrate that with Marck Athias, the Portuguese medicine inaugurated a new chapter in its history, in the Republic period, characterized by the experimental training at the laboratory. Thus, book-based knowledge gave way to a more clinically based approach favouring laboratory practice and basic research within several scientific domains. This new perspective operated important changes in the Portuguese medical community in the first half of century XX. Marck Athias (1857-1946), a Portuguese, was a physician trained at the University of Paris under Mathias Duval (a former student of Santiago Rámon y Cajal). It was in his laboratory that Athias began his career as researcher. Returning to Portugal, Athias founded a research school in physiology and histology which stressed a new approach in medicine based on experimental research. At the beginning of the twentieth century, scientific research in Portugal was virtually devoid of any of the practical clinic aspects. It is in fact Athias who introduced a new scientific perspective in Portuguese scientific community as well as influenced generations of graduate students in several national higher education and scientific research centres associated with Medicine. His influence and impact was due in great part to the underlying ideology of a positivist nature which succeeded in attracting several generations of followers, promoting a new step for the modernization of Portuguese medicine.
Is there a biological plausability for p53 codon 72 polymorphism influence on cervical cancer development?
Authors: Sousa Hugo , Santos Alexandra M , Pinto Daniela , Medeiros Rui
Published: July 2022

The interaction between HPV E6 and p53 protein is known as the most important event in HPV-associated carcinogenesis. Some in vitro studies suggested that p53 genetic variants are targeted for ubiquitin-proteasome degradation induced by E6 with different abilities. A common p53 variant at position 72 (R72P) has leaded to the development of several studies regarding its role on cervical cancer development. However, only few reports have shown an association between the Arginine (R) variant at position 52 of p53 and increased susceptibility to HPV E6 mediated degradation and thus to increased cancer susceptibility. We revised the literature in order to obtain plausible data to discuss about these evidences for cervical cancer susceptibility. The more recent studies, including meta-analysis reviews, point out that there is no association of this p53 variant and cervical cancer development. This variant seems to be differently segregated in different ethnic/geographical locations; therefore, there might be a possible role of this genetic variant associated with a certain genetic background, which can explain why some studies reveal increased risk of cervical cancer development associated with Arginine p53 variant.
Hábitos de prescrição anti-álgica numa população de doentes com patología crónica reumatológica.
Authors: Figueiredo Rui , Sousa Miguel , Miguel Cláudia , Simões Eugénia
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study was to record the analgesic prescription commonly performed by Portuguese Rheumatologists in patients with chronic Rheumatologic disease, using the guidelines provided by the World Health Organization for treatment of chronic pain as comparative.We randomly selected the clinical records of 203 patients with complete clinical record. We excluded patients with less than a year of follow-up, last consultations over a year ago, age under 16 years, patients with no rheumatologic diagnose, being the final sample of 94 patients. The items collected were gender, age, primary diagnosis, prescribed drugs (paracetamol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory steroids, glucocorticoids, tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors - paroxetine and fluoxetine, anticonvulsants - gabapentin and pregabalin, colchicine and muscle relaxers with pain modulator effects of, weak and strong opioids), degree of pain (0-10).84.94% of patients were female and 15.06% male. The average age was 51.5 years, men's average was 54.0 years and women 51.1 years. Overall prescription of paracetamol was 23.4% and 8.5% for tramadol (always associated with paracetamol). In 17% of patients paracetamol was added successfully. The use of various antiinflammatory agents reached a prevalence of 80.9%. Other agents were also used either Glucocorticoids - Deflazacort and prednisolone - (36.2%), tricyclic antidepressants with expressed antalgic intention (6.4%).There was a discrepancy between the prescription and the current indications of WHO for the control of chronic pain. This discrepancy raises the possibility of failure of some pharmacological agents in this type of pain and/or lack of systematization of analgesic therapy. We recommend further studies to prove the hypothesis.
Síndrome PFAPA (febre periódica, estomatite aftosa, faringite, adenite): análise retrospectiva de 21 casos.
Authors: Sampaio Isabel , Marques José Gonçalo
Published: July 2022

PFAPA syndrome (Periodic Fever, Aphthous stomatitis, Pharyngitis, Adenitis) is a benign sporadic syndrome of unknown cause and an important diagnosis to consider in the child with recurrent fever and tonsillitis. Objectives: To describe the presentation, age of onset, time until diagnosed, episode duration, frequency of typical and atypical symptoms, clinical course after diagnosis and response to treatment in a case series of children with PFAPA.Case series of children with PFAPA referred to our consult over an eight-year period (from May 2001 to May 2009). Data were collected from medical records and telephone calls.We included 21 patients with PFAPA, with age of onset between 6 months and 5 years (median 24 months). Diagnosis was established 4 months to 3 years after onset of crises (median 24 months). Episodes recurred every 2 to 6 weeks (median 30 days), and consisted in 3 to 10 days (median 4,5 days) of fever (21/21), pharyngitis (21/21), cervical adenitis (19/21), and aphthous stomatitis (16/21). Atypical symptoms were reported sporadically and without clinical severity: abdominal pain (8 patients), nauseas/vomits (3 patients), arthralgia (3 patients), hepatosplenomegaly (1 patient), lactose intolerance (1 patient). Eighteen patients received treatment with one dose of prednisolone with rapid symptomatic relief. In two patients subsequent crises became more frequent for a short period of time and then returned to monthly periodicity. Seven treated patients experienced less frequent episodes and in four of them this occurred after diagnosis but before first dose of prednisolone. In the three untreated patients the crises bécame rare and treatment was not prescribed. Tonsillectomy was performed in two patients and in one the monthly episodes reappeared five months after the procedure.In spite including a small number of patients, our case series is similar to others in the literature regarding most clinical aspects. PFAPA syndrome should be considered even in the absence of all clinical criteria. Correct and timely diagnosis does not require and obviates unnecessary diagnostic tests. The outcome after symptomatic therapy with corticosteroids and family reassurance was generally good and we do not recommend tonsillectomy as a first line treatment in this syndrome.
Adaptação e validação da versão portuguesa da escala de adesão à terapêutica.
Authors: Vanelli Irene , Chendo Inês , Gois Carlos , Santos Jennifer , Levy Pedro
Published: July 2022

Medication compliance is one of the foremost problems affecting neuroleptic efficacy in psychiatric patients. It is a crucial point to dispone of useful instruments that allow us a fiable assessment of patients' medication adherence in order to plan more appropriate therapeutical interventions. The aim of our study was to validade the Portuguese versión of the Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS), a concise instrument for assessment of medication compliance in psychosis.A translation-backtranslation of the original scale was elaborated. The sample consisted of 77 psychotic patients according to the DSM-IV criteria. Feasibility and reliability were calculated.The results demonstrated that the MARS has a good internal consistence (Cronbach α = 0,73) and reliability (Pearson's r = 0,76; p < 0,05).These coefficients were similar to those found by the researchers who developed this scale. The MARS scale has proven to be easily applied and may be deemed a valid and reliable measure of compliancy for psychoactive medications.
Avanços na Terapêutica Anti-Retrovírica
Authors: Antunes Francisco
Published: July 2022

In spite of all the efforts that has been made in prevention and the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), AIDS remains a serious public health problem. So, there is a need for development of new antiretrovirals (ARVs) and new therapeutic strategies. New ARVs are currently on advanced stages of clinical evaluation. New therapeutic strategies intend to evaluate the toxicity risk, drug resistance, drug-drug interactions, costs and adherence. Coformulations of fixed-dose drug combination are important advantages of ART that improve adherence, quality of life, evolving to better therapeutic results and reduction of health resources.
Avaliação da Obesidade e Obesidade Abdominal em Crianças Portuguesas
Authors: Albuquerque David , Nóbrega Clévio , Samouda Hanen , Manco Licínio
Published: July 2022

Background: Childhood obesity is a major public health issue in developed countries, and frequently proceeds into adulthood. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of obesity and abdominal fat distribution in 6-12 years old children from the central region of Portugal, providing new data about trends on prevalence, epidemiology and evolution in obesity. Methods: Weight, height and waist circumference were measured in a random representative sample of 1,433 children (747 girls and 686 boys) from public schools in 2011. International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut-offs were used to define overweight and obesity. Abdominal obesity was estimated using the sex and age-specific ≥ 90th waist circumference percentile and waist-to-height ratio cut-off. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children was 33.0%; 10.7% were obese. Overweight was significantly higher in boys than in girls (p = 0.044), whereas no gender differences was found in obesity (10.6 % in boys and 10.7% in girls, p = 0.571). The prevalence of abdominal obesity based on waist circumference was similar in girls and boys (3.8% vs. 3.9% respectively; p = 0.924), but significantly higher in boys than in girls based on waist-to-height ratio (28.1% vs. 19.4%, respectively; p = 0.009). Comparison with previous studies showed a slightly increase in overweight/obesity in children of central Portugal in the last 10 years, reaching values of 40.0% prevalence in the 7-9 years old. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study shows a very high prevalence of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity among Portuguese children, following the trend of other southern European countries. Thus, it is of the utmost importance the development of preventive and treatment strategies.
MAST e AUDIT. Avaliação de Características Psicométricas em Doentes com Dependência de Álcool
Authors: Fonte Anibal , Mota-Cardoso Rui
Published: July 2022

Introduction/Objective: To evaluate the correlation between scores on the MAST and AUDIT in patients hospitalized for detoxification from alcohol dependence and consider if the intensity of those scores reflect the severity of dependence and problems related to alcohol use.Material and Methods: Correlational study. Patients admitted for the first time for alcohol dependence treatment. In addition to a structured interview, the MAST and the AUDIT, SADD was used to assess the degree of alcohol dependence and the APQ to assess the problems related to alcohol consumption.Results: The internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) of the MAST was 0.77 and the AUDIT was 0.73. The correlation between the two instruments was moderate (R = 0.497, p < 0.001). Both presented moderate and significant correlation (p < 0.001) with the APQ and SADD. The set of items from AUDIT directed towards dependence led to a higher correlation with SADD than with APQ, the reverse being true with the set of items belonging to the dimension problems / adverse consequences. The two instruments have low correlation with the volume of alcohol consumption measured in g/d.Conclusion: Both the MAST and the AUDIT have a total score that reflects the severity of dependence and alcohol-induced disorders. In clinical populations, these instruments can be used as a continuous variable to record quantitatively the magnitude of the problems. The AUDIT, relatively to the MAST, has the advantage of representing a smaller number of items, making it easier to answer and quote. The AUDIT also has the advantage of presenting sets of items belonging to three dimensions (quantity / frequency, dependency, problems / adverse effects) that can be analyzed separately, allowing for the characterization and further specification of the situationsunder study.
Tiroidites autoimunes.
Authors: Melo Miguel
Published: July 2022

The term autoimmune thyroiditis encompasses a group of high prevalence thyroid disorders, which have been classified in different ways throughout the years. In this article some aspects related to its classification, epidemiology, susceptibility factors, pathogenesis, histology, diagnosis and treatment are reviewed. Some comments on the similar pathogenesis of Graves' disease are also made.
A ecocardiografia transtorácica na avaliação da hipotensão em cuidados intensivos polivalentes.
Authors: Marcelino Paulo , Marum Susan , Fernandes Ana Paula , Lopes Mário G
Published: July 2022

a prospective study to determine the value of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in assessing hypotensive patients in a medical/surgical Intensive care Unit (ICU).a 16-bed medical/surgical ICU.patients with hypotension were studied (systolic arterial pressure < 90 mmHg or mean arterial pressure < 60 mmHg, non responsive to fluid therapy in a 30-minute period). TTE was aimed to: exclude severe cardiac dysfunction(abnormalities requiring immediate therapeutic decision); to evaluate other non severe cardiac alterations; to determine cardiac index (CI) and analyse inferior vena cava (IVC).Two hundred eight patients were studied, and 198 enrolled (4.5% of impossible examinations), with a mean age 63.4 +/- 16.2 years, 129 male, APACHE II score 30.1 +/- 9.9, SAPS II 68.8 +/- 20.5, SOFA 11.6 +/- 3.8, MODS 10.9 +/- 3.9. Mortality was 51% (n=101) and 168 (82.2%) patients were under mechanical ventilation. Forty four patients (44.4%) presented cardiac abnormalities, 28 of whom (14%) severe cardiac diseases. Of these, 18 (9%) presented unsuspected situations (aortic stenosis, 3; endocarditis, 4, dilated miocardiopathy, 9, cardiac tamponade, 2). Patients with cardiac abnormalities were older and presented higher severity scores and mortality. Most patients (158, 79.7%) presented a normal/high IC, all with low peripheral vascular resistance. Through logistic regression analysis, a statistically significant between IVC index and ICU stay (p=0.05); IC and IVC index correlated with overall mortality (p=0,008 and 0,041 respectively).Patients with hypotension in a medical/surgical ICU presented a high rate of cardiac abnormalities (44.4%, n=88), including 26 patients with severe diseases, requiring immediate therapeutic decisions. IC and IVC analysis may be useful to determine hemodynamic profile and several TTE parameters may have prognostic value.