bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conversation as a Bridging Tool in End of Life Spiritual Care
Authors: Yih Caroline
Published: September 2022

End of life care is a holistic approach to the provision of treatment and support for dying patients and families. It focuses on four dimensions: the physical, social, psychological and spiritual. In relation to the latter dimension, healthcare professionals are joined by spiritual care specialists, namely, chaplains. Even though great strides have been made towards holistic provision, chaplains remain marginalized. This article focuses on one essential yet often overlooked tool utilized by chaplains in spiritual care, and it showcases the fundamental importance of the practice in holistic end of life delivery, using Hong Kong chaplaincy as a case study: conversation as a bridging tool. Specifically, I focus on three distinctive aspects: conversation to overcome the challenges created by the chaplain’s role ambiguity, conversation to bridge cultural and linguistic limitations, and conversation to address death anxieties through narrational encounters, including conversations about dreams. Despite the value of conversation in end of life care, this article illustrates that the wider hospital care team has a strong negative perception of chaplains’ use of conversation, contributing to the marginalized status of chaplains.
Management of antibiotic allergy in children: a practical approach
Authors: Kitsos Nikolaos , Cassimos Dimitrios , Xinias Ioannis , Agakidis Charalampos , Mavroudi Antigoni
Published: September 2022

Background: About 10% of children are declared as allergic to antibiotics, with beta(β)-lactams being the most common perpetrators. However, few of these are confirmed by allergy tests. This characteristic of being allergic follows a child well into adulthood, leading to alternative, usually more expensive broad-spectrum antibiotics, contributing to antibiotic resistance and increasing healthcare expenses.
Objective: This review presents a practical approach to managing pediatric patients with antibiotic hypersensitivity reactions.
Material and methods: We updated the guidelines on antibiotic allergy in children by conducting systematic literature research using the best available evidence from PubMed search by entering the keywords “antibiotic allergy” and “children.” The search output yielded 5165 citations.
Results: Management of antibiotic allergy depends on the culprit antibiotic, and it includes confirmation of the diagnosis and finding a safe alternative to the culprit antibiotic. In particular patients with a history indicative of penicillin allergy can be treated with cephalosporins as an alternative to penicillin, especially with third-generation cephalosporins, except for those with similar R1 side chains. In patients with a history of immediate-type reactions to cephalosporins who require treatment with cephalosporins or penicillin, skin tests with cephalosporin or penicillin with different side chains should be performed. If allergy to macrolides is suspected, challenge tests are currently the only reliable diagnostic tool. The best strategy for managing patients with sulfonamide hypersensitivity is an alternative antibiotic. The skin prick tests and intradermal tests are not recommended for diagnosis of quinolone allergy, as they can activate dermal mast cells leading to false-positive results. Quinolone challenge test is the most appropriate test for diagnosing quinolone hypersensitivity.
Conclusion: Although adverse drug reactions to antibiotics are frequently documented, immunologically mediated hypersensitivity is unusual. In the event of an reaction, an appropriate diagnostic workup is required to identify the drug’s causal role. It is critical to avoid “labeling” a child as allergic without first conducting a proper diagnostic workup.
Roles of regulatory B cells in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Fan Kai , Jin Ling , Yu Shaoqing
Published: September 2022

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common otolaryngologic disease with frequent episodes of sneezing, clear nasal discharge flow and nasal congestion. The mechanisms of AR are complex and considered generally caused by the immune tolerance deficiency. Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are immunosuppressive cells that can modulate immune responses by the secretion of IL-10, IL-35, and tumor growth factor-β (TGF-β) and via the interaction of membrane surface molecules. However, Bregs are numerically deficient and/or dysfunctional in airway allergic diseases such as AR and allergic asthma, and the related mechanisms remain unclear. In this review, we summarize the role of Bregs in AR pathogenesis and highlight the importance of Bregs in maintaining immune tolerance. It is believed that further research on Bregs will contribute to developing new treatments and finding specific biomarkers that could help to predict disease progression.
Impact of Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions on Intelligent Ethical Agent
Authors: Suresh Shreyas Bangalore , Kaushik Tarun Raghunandan , Shankarappa Varun Tarikere
Published: September 2022

Since the advent of Artificial Intelligence, many autonomous machines are making their way into the society. With the burgeoning development of autonomous systems like self-driving cars have come concerns about how machines will make moral decisions and thus a new field called Machine Ethics has emerged. Machine ethics deals with moral dilemmas in machines while interacting with humans, or possibly other machines as well, and ensures the decisions taken by the algorithm are morally acceptable. This is in contrast to computer ethics, which solely focuses on ethical problems and protocol surrounding humans' use of technology. In this article, we have explored the moral dilemmas faced by autonomous vehicles and have tried to train an artificial intelligence model that makes ethically acceptable decisions based on the data collected by the famous moral machine experiment. Here, we describe the results obtained from the model. Firstly, we summarize the accuracies obtained upon training multiple models with different techniques. Later, we document the variation of accuraciesin the model upon using the Hofstede model of six dimensions of national cultures as a factor when pre-processing the data.
Review of Smyllie’s Ireland: Protestants, Independence, and the Man Who Ran the Irish Times (2019), by Caleb Wood Richardson
Authors: Harris Tobias W
Published: September 2022

The first scholarly book-length account of Robert Maire Smyllie, editor of The Irish Times between 1934­ and 1954 and the central figure in a literary coterie to which Brian O’Nolan belonged, treats Smyllie as a lens on the historical experience of southern Irish Protestants in the twentieth century rather than providing a biography. Nevertheless, Richardson goes far beyond existing accounts to present the details of underexplored areas, such as Smyllie’s teaching of Irish or travels in Czechoslovakia. Richardson picks his way through the mass of Smyllie’s journalism by drawing out fresh perspectives on the Protestant orientation towards several interlocking themes, such as localism, censorship, British patriotism, Irish nationalism, and cultural patronage. Smyllie’s relationship to Brian O’Nolan’s Cruiskeen Lawn column receives most of a chapter dedicated to southern Irish Protestants as ‘Gaels.’ The book is a clarion call for scholars to turn to Smyllie as an important context for O’Nolan.
Bhutanese Pre-service Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Beliefs towards Teaching Secondary Mathematics
Authors: Tshewang Rinchen , Tobgay Tshewang , Phuntsho Thinley
Published: September 2022

Prospective teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs determine the success of teaching and learning in their future professional practices. Teachers with high self-efficacy are believed to have more confidence and success in teaching as compared to those teachers with low self-efficacy. Thus, this study aimed at examining the Bhutanese pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs towards teaching secondary mathematics. The study employed a survey design within the positivist methodological framework. The study consisted of 81 pre-service teachers who responded to the secondary mathematics  teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs questionnaire (SMTSEBQ), an abridged version of several past instruments. This instrument assessed their perceived self-efficacy in terms of process standards of school mathematics. Findings of the study revealed that the Bhutanese pre-service teachers generally perceived their self-efficacy beliefs towards teaching mathematics somewhat positively. Comparison of the pre-service teachers’ mean scores on the five SMTSEBQ scales in terms of gender revealed that there was a statistically significant difference for problem-solving and reasoning-proof scales. In regard to programme level, there was a statistically significant difference in their self-efficacy beliefs on the four scales, except for the communication scale. The study is distinctive because it is the first study investigating into the pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs towards teaching secondary mathematics in Bhutanese context.
Teacher’s Instructional Strategies: Exploring the Lived Experiences of Teachers under Thragom Cluster Schools, Trashi Yangtse
Authors: Phuntsho Tashi , Palden Ugyen
Published: September 2022

This study adopted a qualitative method to explore the instructional practices of teachers in three primary schools under Thragom cluster, Trashi Yangtse Dzongkhag. The study was aimed at gaining an understanding of teachers’ beliefs and how their attitude shaped their teaching strategies that impacted students’ learning outcomes. The samples for this study included twelve participants (six teachers and six students) from the three schools. Findings from the study indicated that teachers were well acquainted with 21st-century skills. However, there were disparities between teachers' pedagogical philosophy and actual pedagogical practices involved in the teaching and learning processes. Teachers' teaching styles and behaviors were also found to have a significant impact on student's academic achievement. Students' preferences of learning through ICT-based lessons were found to be effective in improving their understanding.
TOWS Matrix Analysis to Strengthen the Scouting Program in Bhutan Karma Tenzin
Authors: Tenzin Karma , Wangchuk Tashi
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to assess the Scouting program in Bhutan in order to identify the key issues that affect the Scouting program and recommend a workable strategy to Bhutan Scouts Association (BSA). Scouting for Bhutan is not simply a youth engagement program but a vision of the great monarchs. The Scouting program in Bhutan was initially started in response to His Majesty, the Fourth King, Jigme Singye Wangchuck’s concern for youth in the face of emerging challenges for the young people, the future of Bhutan. His Majesty, the King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck is the Patron of BSA and the Royal Patronage inspired numerous initiatives such as Scout Leadership Training Program and others that helped to revitalize Scouting in Bhutan. This paper presen1ts TOWS matrix analysis of the responses and views of different stakeholders gathered through key informant interviews (n=157), focused group discussions (n= 270), and surveys (n= 350). The analysis is carried out within the framework of strategic priorities of the World Organization of Scout Movement (WOSM). The findings suggest that the BSA has been witnessing an increasing number of dropout rates attributable to several causes such as the lack of recognition and reward; monotonous programs; time constraints; incompetent Scout leaders; and poor adult and peer support. The dropout or leakage of Scouts is noticed to be occurring mostly in transition from Nachung Scouts to Nazhoen Scouts. The proposed recommendations are aimed at fulfilling the vision and mission of BSA by addressing attrition through quality programs, enhancing the competency of leaders, and strengthening good governance practices.
An Explorative Study on Leadership Styles of Principals of Thimphu Thromde, Bhutan
Authors: Tamang Dhan Bahadur , Tshewang Karma
Published: September 2022

Modern education in Bhutan was introduced as early as 1914, it has come across numerous reforms and development since then. The Royal Government of Bhutan has always placed a top priority on its advancements and rethinking as it grows. Quality of education is one major concern and opportunity in the country in the education sector. Second being the quality of the teachers and educators. Considering the national concern and importance bestowed upon the educators and teachers’ professionalism in particular, the study to explore the leadership styles of the principals has been undertaken. The study is an explorative assessment using the mix method approach using Rensis Likert’s Leadership Styles model. A sample size of 289 respondent teachers from among 19 schools has been collected using 21 item four-point likert-type semi-structured randomly distributed questionnaires and one to one interview questions. The data were analyzed using a statistical package for social sciences version 21 to derive descriptive and inferential statistics. The most popular type of leadership styles perceived to be in practice in the study sample is consultative leadership (75.8 percent), which is followed by benevolent authoritative leadership (14.5 percent) and participative group leadership (9.7 percent). The content analysis of the interview also revealed that the principals were very supportive and engaging and in full support of their subordinates. The study therefore, hopes to create new insights for the policy makers and education sector of the country for rethinking and development as recommended in the study.
Parents’ Perspective of Use of Mobile Devices by their Children (0-8 years): A Case Study in an Educated Bhutanese Homes with Access to Mobile Devices
Authors: Sydon Tshering
Published: September 2022

Worrying media reports on young child’s use of mobile phones have led to this study of children under eight years in educated Bhutanese homes in Trashigang, Bhutan. This study examines parents’ perspective on their children’s exposure to and use of mobile devices at home. This case study is based on qualitative and quantitative research. The findings reveal that all the children had access to various mobile technologies and parents’ perspective on the use of mobile technology by their children is positive. Further studies are required to check the specific screen time and content watched by the children with future recommendations for families on the use of mobile devices used by the young children
The Impact of Early Child Care and Development in Children: From the Lenses of Pre Primary Teachers in Eastern Bhutan
Authors: Phuntsho Tashi , Penjor Dorji
Published: September 2022

This study was conducted to find out if there was any effect of the ECCD program in developing foundational skills in children prior to their enrollment in the formal education system. The study examined the perceptions of pre-primary teachers of 20 rural and urban schools having ECCD attendees with regard to the effectiveness of the ECCD program on children enrolled in pre-primary grades. The study adopted a mixed methods approach with a sample of pre-primary teachers (n=60) from different schools in the Trashi Yangtse district. The study revealed that ECCD attendees were found to be more competent in a range of school readiness skills and have strong foundations for formal education. The study also indicated that ECCD attendees have a high level of confidence and perform better in academic subjects.
POPÜLER BİR TAMAMLAYICI TIP TEDAVİSİ: PROLOTERAPİ
Authors: ÖRSÇELİK Aydan , SOLMAZ İlker
Published: September 2022

Kronik kas iskelet sistemi hastalıklarının tedavisinde

neredeyse yüz yıllardır kullanılan bir tamamlayıcı tıp

tedavi yöntemi olan proloterapi son on yılda hem Türkiye

hem de dünyada popüler hale gelmiştir. Proloterapi

yönteminin uygulayıcıları tarafından “hastalığı

tedavi ederek ağrıda ve fonksiyonlarda iyileşme sağladığı,

yaşam kalitesini artırdığı” bilinmektedir. Son

dönemde kullanımının yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte daha

çok çalışma yapılmakta ve kanıta dayandırılmaktadır.

Bu derleme ile proloterapi tedavisi hakkında güncel

literatür ile desteklenmiş bilgiler aktarılmıştır.
C4 ZipTip Solid Phase Extraction v1
Authors: Adams Lauren
Published: September 2022

Solid phase extraction for clean-up and concentration of proteins prior to introduction into the mass spectrometer.
Effectiveness and safety of intravenous alteplase in patients with acute ischemic stroke: Results of a single centre study
Authors: Dahiya Arun Kumar , Motlekar Nadeem , Singh Mrinalini , Khapoliwala Jerestyn
Published: September 2022

: To evaluate effectiveness and safety of intravenous alteplase (tPA) for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.

In this prospective observational study, adult patients with ischemic stroke were treated with intravenous alteplase. We recorded baseline demographics and NIHS score was calculated at baseline, 2 hours, 24 hours and 7 days. Improvement was assessed by evaluating total NIH stroke score at different time points. Based on the neurological assessment, patients were categorised into three categories: unchanged (U), improving (I) and deteriorating (D). Blood pressure was closely monitored until 24 hours after infusion of alteplase. Both neurological assessment and blood pressure was monitored every 15 minutes for the first 2 hours after start of infusion, then every 30 minutes for next 6 hours, and hourly from the post infusion hour until 24 hours after infusion.

Twenty-six patients [male 16 (61.50%); female 10 (38.50%)] between 34 to 86 years of age were enrolled in this study. Total NIHS score reduced from 10.77 (+5.01) at pre-treatment to 4.04 (+4.00) at 7 days. The improvement in NIHS score at two hours versus pre-treatment (p<0.001), at 24 hours versus 2 hours (p=0.002) and 7 days versus 24 hours (p<0.001) was statistically significant. Clinically no significant change was observed in the blood pressure of the patients till 24 hours after thrombolysis. At the end of 24 hours, 40% patients showed improved status and in 60% patients, status was unchanged.

Intravenous alteplase is effective and safe treatment approach for treatment of acute ischemic stroke. No major complications were observed in this study.
β-oscillations linked by neuronal-spiking in the STN via DBS of parkinson disease: Part – I
Authors: Raju V Rama
Published: September 2022

Typical head-worn brain surface (wired or wireless) EEG electrodes beta (β) band frequencies are amongst 13Hz to 30Hz. However, in the Parkinson`s the high beata frequency is between 20 Hz to 30 Hz. Atypical β-oscillations in BG were linked in the field of Patho physiology of Parkinson disease. 13Hz-30Hz β-oscillations into STN of Parkinson subjects has been verified to distress the spatio-temporal dynamics of high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) typically ranging from 200Hz–500Hz coupled with individual (single) neurons, probably and so hypothetically cooperating the functional litheness (or suppleness) of the motor-circuit. This study experimented the connections through concurrently gathering the field-potentials (i.e.,LFPs) plus single-unit-activity(SUA) from the parallelly connected basal-ganglion circuitry of 15 subjects (PD-patients) in deep-brain-stimulation(DBS) surgical-procedure of bilateral-STN. Stimulus phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) around nuclei was limited to β-phase plus HFO stimulus-amplitude. Coupling was greatest on the abaxial, i.e., dorsal- STN frontier-edge. Findings showed that greater β-HFO-PAC in close proximity (within the vicinity) macro-leads contact which were clinically useful evaluated by continuing un effective-contacts, implying that PAC could prognostic of retort to STN-DBS. Neural-spiking was confined to the shape of 7Hz–30Hz oscillations (/fluctuations in the membranes), then longitudinal-topo-graphy of spike-shape-locking(SSL)/ or spike-phase-locking(SPL) was analogous to PAC. Differences of PAC plus SSL/(SPL) indicated a lack—of spatio-temporal-correlations. β-coupled H.F.O.s and electrical-field protected (locked/fused) neurons have got unique and ideal phase-angles, i.e., signal/waveform-shapes above(+) x-axis and below (-) axis 2D spatio-temporal regions, didn`t transpired in the similar phase of modulating-oscillation. Hence, results yield further help which β-HFO-P.A.C might be key to pathos physiology of Parkinson which advises local electrical field-locked neurons are inadequate alone for the appearance of high frequency β-coupled oscillations.
Multi-staged approach for safe removal of tentorial meningioma – A case report
Authors: Rege Ishant , Ranade Deepak , More Bhagirath
Published: September 2022

Falcotentorial meningiomas are rare and comprise only 0.3-1.1% of all meningiomas. The choice of surgical strategy for such lesions is not straightforward. 46 year old female came to our institute with complaints of gradually intensifying headache since 3 months which had aggravated over a period of 5 days. MRI Brain with contrast was done which showed a large, well circumscribed, lobulated, midline, extra-axial lesion attached to the posterior third of the falx and the anterior lip of the tentorium. The surgical plan was to excise the infra tentorial portion, for which a Steins (supra cerebellar infra tentorial) approach was deployed. Attempts to approach the supratentorial portion by incising the tentorium were unsuccessful as the required trajectory was far too acute. The supra tentorial portion would have to be approached by a more cranial trajectory, and hence it was decided to tackle that portion at a second stage. Some tumors may not be amenable to total excision in a single sitting. This case is being reported to underline the importance of a delayed 2 stage approach to excise this complex genre of Falcotentorial meningiomas which invade the supra and infra tentorial compartments.
T cell rich B cell lymphoma of CNS in a young female- An unusual presentation
Authors: Mishra Swati , Tyagi Swati , Singh Anshul , Misra Vatsala
Published: September 2022

T cell rich B cell lymphoma (THRBCL) is described as a rare subtype of Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) accounting for < 10% of all DLBCL and 1-3% of all B cell lymphoma. There is a paucity of neoplastic B cells constituting < 10% of tumor and an abundance of population of non-neoplastic T cells and histiocytes. Most of the patients presents with mainly lymphadenopathy with frequent bone marrow and reticuloendothelial organ infiltration. It affects mainly middle-aged men. This is the first case report of Primary THRBCL in a young female.
Tuberculous rhombencephalitis presenting with pseudo-spinal pattern of sensory loss
Authors: Aravind Smija , Velayudhan Shaji Cheruvallil , Abdulkhayarkutty Kabeer , Sudhakaran Prasanth , Kezhukkut Jayaraj
Published: September 2022

Tuberculous rhombencephalitis is an uncommon presentation of intracranial tuberculosis. A 57 year old female, presented with central positional vertigo and features of left 5 and 7 cranial nerve palsy, with a sensory dermatomal level to pain and temperature and diminished vibration sense on left side. On evaluation, was found to have multiple discrete and conglomerate ring enhancing lesions in pons with normal MRI of spine. After extensive evaluation with Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Cerebrospinal fluid and blood investigations and Mantoux test, possible tuberculosis rhombencephalitis was considered and was started on antitubercular treatment, to which she responded well. Our patient had an atypical presentation with sensory level in trunk, which has not been reported in literature. Hence we describe this case and review the neuroanatomical substrates involved. A high index of suspicion is always needed, while dealing with atypical presentations.
A rare presentation of neurosarcoidosis as the superior orbital fissure syndrome
Authors: Zadafiya Hirankumar Babubhai , CV Shaji , KA Kabeer , SR Prasanth
Published: September 2022

We are reporting a rare case of neurosarcoidosis that presented with superior orbital fissure syndrome. A 51-year-old Indian woman who suffered from 2 weeks duration, insidious onset gradually progressive left sided headache limited to forehead, left periorbital pain, diplopia on looking toward left, and numbness on the left forehead was referred to our hospital. Ophthalmic findings included left oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve and abducens nerve palsies, absent corneal reflex, and loss of touch, pain and temperature sensation in V1 distribution. Brain and orbit magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed contrast enhancing area at the left orbital apex with normal optic nerve. Normal CSF analysis. High ESR, and chest x-ray showing non-homogenous patchy opacities in bilateral lung fields leaded us for neoplastic screening. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed multiple ill-defined irregular lung parenchymal nodular opacities of varying sizes involving bilateral lungs with enlarged mediastinal and bilateral axillary lymph nodes. Elevated angiotensin converting enzyme level was found. Biopsy of the axillary lymph node showed non-caseating granulomatous lymphadenitis with giant cells containing schaumann bodies and asteroid bodies in the cytoplasm. These findings indicating an inflammatory response induced by sarcoidosis. After the initiation of steroid treatment, the patient experienced complete remission without any recurrence. When examining a case presenting with superior orbital fissure syndrome with contrast enhancing MRI lesion at the orbital apex, the additional chest CT to exclude neoplastic lesions can detect pulmonary sarcoidosis and extraneural lesions. These may avoid delays in the diagnosis and management of neurosarcoidosis.
Surgery for Lumbar disc prolapse in pregnancy: Case series
Authors: Bharti Rajesh Kumar
Published: September 2022

Low back pain during pregnancy due to weight gain, biomechanical changes, increase level of relaxin hormone produced by the corpus luteum during pregnancy, are the probable etiologies. Lumbar disc herniation causing radicular pain during pregnancy is a rare clinical entity. Surgical management during pregnancy poses high risk to the developing fetus and the mother. Key issues to be considered are the diagnostic tests, Indications for surgery, timing of surgery in respect of gestation, anesthesia and drugs, operative positioning, and continuation of pregnancy after surgery.

Herein, author present three cases of lumbar disc prolapse causing low back pain with radiculopathy in pregnancy.
Potential role of herbal medicinal agents against COVID-19 infection
Authors: Sultan Nishat , Kaur Mandeep , Sultan Amina
Published: September 2022

In December 2019, a novel infection called Corona virus disease (COVID-19) was first detected in Wuhan, China; caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

On 11th March,2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 infection a pandemic. Since then the scientific community around the world is trying to decipher this infection to control it better. We have been successful in formulating the vaccine against it in record time, but during this course, it has taken a huge toll of human lives leaving behind people who got infected with various side effects of the infection. In the absence of any definitive treatment, many alternative modes of management systems have appeared. Various herbal agents appear to have a potential role in prevention and management of this infection. In the limited time so far, several studies have been conducted which have shown positive results but also highlights their potential drawbacks with insufficient scientific evidence. This review describes the potential role of common herbal agents as possible means of management of this infection and the need of further research in this direction where these traditional and relatively safe methods could be integrated in the management schemes of various chronic infections and diseases.
COVID 19 breakthrough infections in vaccinated dental student community of North Kerala- A survey based analysis
Authors: Nair Shalini , Mehaboob Shahnaz , Faresh Shereefa , Pillai Hari S , Kumar Vinod , Roy Monicah
Published: September 2022

The ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic has infected hundreds of millions of people over the world, imposing a tremendous burden on the global healthcare system including the dental community. COVID-19 vaccines are currently the best defense against the rapidly evolving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, there are emerging concerns about vaccine breakthrough infections. This study has been done to assess the COVID- 19 breakthrough infection among the vaccinated Dental student community of North Kerala and also evaluate and compare the severity of COVID-19 infection among vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals.

A survey was performed within the Dental student community which included BDS students, House surgeons and Post graduates by means of a questionnaire administered online via Google forms that consisted of demographic information and questions to assess severity of the COVID-19 breakthrough infection. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 26 software. Result was presented in frequencies, percentages and charts showing the interrelatedness of the variables examined.

Among the 714 respondents there were 11.9% males and 88.1% females. Majority of the study subjects reported to have completed two doses of Covid vaccine, while 11.5% had taken only a single dose and 1% had not been vaccinated at all. Around 13% of subjects gave history of being Covid positive before vaccination and (14.7%) got infected even after vaccination.

New Covid variants are being evolved continuously, thereby increasing the chance for transmissibility and evasion of the host immune response. This could be the reason for the 14.7% breakthrough infections reported in our study. Therefore, the need for future studies to recognize factors leading to inadequate vaccine response in those with breakthrough infections and ways to mitigate them is highlighted.
A clinico-histological comparative evaluation of healing of periodontal flaps when approximated with silk sutures and n-butyl cyanoacrylate
Authors: Aeran Himanshu , Tuli Amrinder Singh , Sharma Ila
Published: September 2022

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease which results by the interaction between bacteria leading to inflammation and destruction of the connective tissue attachment apparatus. Flap surgeries are most frequently employed treatment modality for deep periodontal pockets. Over the decades, many suture materials like silk and nylonare being used for the approximation of the flaps. In the present scenario of periodontal advancements, fibrin glue manifests to be a great alternative to flap approximation with better clinical and histological results.

This randomized clinico-histological study aims to compare the healing of modified flap operation when approximated with Silk suture and N-butyl cyanoacrylate bioadhesive.

Thirty patients were recruited in this clinico-histological study. In Group A, surgical site was approximated by 3-0 black braided silk sutures (@TRUSILK) and in Group B, N-butyl cyanoacrylate bioadhesive (@EPICLOS) was used by driplets for flap approximation. Patients were recalled for removal of sutures and any cyanoacrylate present after 1 week of surgery. All the parameters (clinical and histological) were taken at baseline and at 7 day.

On intra and inter group comparison all the clinical parameters i.e., Gingival index (GI), Papillary Marginal Attachment (PMA) Index, Turesky-Gilmore-Glickman modification of Quigley Hein Plaque Index (TQHPI), Wound healing index (WHI) and histological parameters i.e., inflammatory cells and vascularity shows significant reduction at 7 day in group B (N-butyl-cyanoacrylate).

N-butyl-cyanoacrylate (Group B) is more effective in reducing the clinical and histological parameters than Silk sutures (Group A).
Comparing effectiveness of infiltration, and inferior alveolar nerve anesthesia for extraction of posterior mandibular teeth
Authors: Kaur Harpuneet , Kaur Rashmeet , Deepika  , Sharma Prenika
Published: September 2022

The present study compares the effectiveness of inferior alveolar nerve block and infiltration in the extraction of posterior mandibular teeth. 90 patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 45 patients and for each tooth, two injections (0.6 ml out of 1.8 ml of 2% lidocaine from one dental cartridge with 1:80000 adrenaline) were administered, one Local Anesthetic injection was given parallel to the long axis of the tooth in the depth of buccal sulcus with short needle and dental syringe. The second injection was delivered to the lingual vestibule of the mouth's floor to anaesthetize the soft and hard lingual tissue with short needle and dental syringe, whereas Group 2 included 45 patients and were given Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (1.5 ml of 2% Lidocaine) and Long Buccal nerve Infiltration (0.3ml of 2% Lidocaine). In our study, we found 78% patients was pain free and 22% was feeling pain during tooth extraction in patients who were given infiltration, whereas patients in which Inferior alveolar nerve block was given, 89% patients was pain free and 11% were feeling pain during tooth extraction. 94% of males and 85% of females experienced no pain, whereas 6% of males and 15% of females felt pain during the extraction. The present study suggests that Infiltration can be used as an alternative approach to inferior alveolar nerve block during the extraction of Mandibular posterior teeth.
Oral pregnancy tumor and its exigent medicament for expecting mothers using combination treatment modality: A clinical case series
Authors: Sinha Rinisha , Sabharwal Aishwarya , Saripalli Nidhi , Waghmare Pramod
Published: September 2022

To emphasize the incidence of pyogenic granuloma in expecting mothers and a combined treatment of conventional method and diode laser.

A pregnancy tumor is a pyogenic granuloma occurring on the gingiva during the gestation period. However, the term pyogenic granuloma is deceptive, because the lesion is distinct from infection.

In this case series, 2 clinical reports are discussed in detail, unfolding the clinical appearance of the particular lesion. The histopathological correlation has been established and an apposite treatment modality is described, focusing on the minute considerations.

We observed a challenging incidence of overgrowth that was disturbing for the subjects, affecting their health along with the fetus'. There was no adverse effect while treating them during the 2 trimester of gestation. We were also efficient in achieving instantaneous coagulation with lasers preceded by comprehensive removal of the lesion using blades, making it a suitable and safe tool.

The dilemma of the clinician was resolved confirming that surgical excision is the gold standard for the complete removal of the lesion along with added benefits of lasers to reduce patient discomfort and accelerate healing.
Submandibular space infection – A threatening plethora
Authors: Singla Hemant , Kalra Bhavika , Kaur Amoldeep , Bahl Rashi
Published: September 2022

Facial space infection is the most common infection, which is considered as the life­-threatening problem. It occurs due to the poor oral hygiene and other etiological factors such as tooth infection, decreased immunity. The main path of the spread of the infections is the odontogenic path. The patients having the habit of smoking, tobacco use, chewing areca nuts etc. are at the high risk of having odontogenic infection. So the odontogenic infections are considered as the origin of space infections. Out of which the submandibular space infections is the most common. Mostly it occurs due to the periapical infection and pericoronitis around the mandibular third molar.

In this report we have described 38 years old female with the submandibular space infection which appeared 10 days after visiting a local dentist. The clinical characterstics were seen and the management of submandibular space infection was done.
Application of educational theories in undergraduate medical students’ research training
Authors: Sahoo Soumendra , Htay Mila Nu Nu , Moe Soe , Abas Adinegara Bin Lutfi
Published: September 2022

Medical field is continuously evolving, and the current practice is focused on the evidence-based medicine. Therefore, there is a growing interest in the undergraduate research training. Systematic, structured training on research methodology, conducting health research projects, and critical appraisal will equip undergraduate medical students to develop the research and appraisal skills to apply them in their future career. Learning theories explains about how the students receive, process, and retain knowledge, influence of the teacher and learning environment, influence of teaching plan, and peers in their learning process. Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Constructivism, and Social cognitive theories are intercalated in health research training especially in the undergraduate programme. The medical educators should accentuate the learning theory underpinning the research training to develop effective strategies and to achieve the intended learning outcomes.
A study to assess the effectiveness of structure teaching program on knowledge and practice regarding prevention of acute upper respiratory tract infection among mothers of under five children in selected hospital, Lucknow
Authors: Muthukumaran Anjalatchi
Published: September 2022

Acute upper respiratory tract infection is responsible for 20 to 30% of death during under 5 age and mortality rate is 40% in India. Every day, millions of parents seek health care for their sick children, taking them to hospital, health centers, pharmacists, doctors and traditional healer. Each year more than 10 million children die before they reach their 5th birthday. Hence, the study "A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge and practice regarding prevention of acute upper respiratory tract infection among mothers of under five children in selected hospital, Lucknow" was undertaken by the research.Pre-experimental one group pre test post test design approach was used to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge and practice regarding prevention of acute upper respiratory tract infection among mothers of under five children in selected hospital, Lucknow" in view of the nature of the problem and objectives of the study a structured interview questionnaire, non- observational checklist and structured teaching program was developed focusing on prevention of acute upper respiratory tract infection. Validity was ensured in consultation with guides and experts in the field of nursing, medicine and statistics Reliability of the tool was tested by test retest method and found to be highly reliable with a score of 0.86. The study was carried out in Paediatric ward of Era's Lucknow Medical College & hospital, 60 mothers of under five children were selected by non probability purposive sampling technique. Structured interview questionnaires and Non observational checklist were used to collect needed data followed by that structured teaching Program on prevention of acute upper respiratory tract infection was administered on the same day. Post test was administered after seven days. The data collected were tabulated and analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Evaluation of an online otorhinolaryngology clinical training module for undergraduate medical students implemented during COVID 19 pandemic
Authors: Gupta Rajeev Krishna , Bhargava Anuja , Faiz S M , Srivastava Saurabh , Mahdi Farzana
Published: September 2022

The COVID 19 has posed many challenges to the health care educators. The outbreak made health educators to introduce and integrate information technology into the medical teaching. In the endeavour to create a virtual clinical learning environment, for the subject, the Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, ELMCH structured an online clinical training module. The study was undertaken to implement and assess the effectiveness of the module. The module was divided into parts covering various aspects of the clinical rotation. After completion of the clinical posting all students, faculty and residents were asked to fill a pre-validated questionnaire on google form to assess the effectiveness and their perceptions for online clinical teaching module. Most of the students felt that the session met their learning needs (4.4±.87) and interactiveness was good(4.5±.72). Most of the students also felt that the session were convenient (4.4±.84) and helped them in gaining clinical skills (4.3±.87). The most common difficulty in e-learning was technical problems including unstable internet connectivity resulting in poor voice and video quality.
Reliability of the tool: Structured knowledge questionnaires on simulation in nursing education
Authors: Kudari Ananda
Published: September 2022

Nursing is a caring profession which needs skill to perform on human being. Any mistakes commits by nurses is legal issue. Nurses should develop a skills in there carer. The proper training for the student nurses is very much important to minimize the mistakes while at work. Simulation is one of the strategies of teaching in health sciences especially. Simulators provide an opportunity to commit a mistake on them and learn the correct procedures to perform on the patients. Knowledge of the students regarding simulation and different types of simulator and the significance of all types of simulator is paramount. The knowledge questionnaires are the one which measures the knowledge of particular aspects of an individual. It is mandatory to check the questionnaires whether it measures what it supposed to be measure. Reliability check is the procedure to measure the consistency of questionnaire.

This study aim to estimate the reliability of structured knowledge questionnaires regarding simulation in nursing education.

The tool so called structured knowledge questionnaire on simulation consists of 30 multiple choice questions. The internal consistency of the tool by split half method has been estimated (Total samples were 10 in number). Questionnaires have been divided in to two halves i.e. odd and even items and compare both halves by Pearson correlation coefficient formula.

The split half reliability of structured knowledge questionnaires found to be excellent i.e. r=0.80. This result depicted that the prepared knowledge questionnaires are reliable.

Any tool which is developed for the research should be check for its accuracy and reliability. Reliability is one of them where it measures the tool for its correctness and reliable for administration. In this study the researcher had computed the reliability and tool found to be an excellent. It is also recommended that the reliable tool should be pretesting.
Bukharin's Response to the “Lessons of October” as a Reflection of Views in the Internal Party Discussion (1920s)
Authors: Kowalenko Nadezhda
Published: September 2022

The article discusses the work of N. I. Bukharin “How not to write the history of October”. The work is a response to L. D. Trotsky’s famous work “Lessons of October” and contains Bukharin’s retrospective view of one of the most important episodes in the history of the party — the October armed uprising. The text of the work, it seems, helps to understand Bukharin’s positions in the intra-party discussion with Trotsky and the left opposition led by him and complements other works of Bukharin (in the 1920s, the leading ideologist of the party), created by him in polemics with the left and devoted directly to party building. The article aims to analyze this Bukharin text and analyze Bukharin’s perception of October Eve as the most important episode in the life of the party.
The Problem of Muhajirism in the Context of the Ottoman Migration Policy
Authors: Abidulin Alim
Published: September 2022

The article examines the historical context of muhajirism. The authors analyze the etymology of the term muhajir, which has no direct equivalent in Russian or other European languages. In the context of Islamic civilization, this term is used as a designation for “refugees” and related concepts. The authors investigate this phenomenon from the point of view of the policy of the Ottoman government regarding the resettlement of Muslims from Russia and attempts to incorporate them into the population of the Empire in the context of general legislation on citizenship. Particular attention is paid to the Ottoman legislation on the status of muhajirs, which over time provided immigration privileges and subsidies, as well as a way of expressing people’s social identification. The conclusion drawn in this article is that the concept of muhajirism is quite complex and has a rich religious heritage.
On the Issue of Studying Byzantine Ethnonymy in the 20th Century (on the Works of Russian Historians)
Authors: Drobyshev Maksim
Published: September 2022

The article is dedicated to the review of the Byzantine ethnonymy in Russian and foreign historiography. It is noted, that Soviet and Russian historiography paid much attention to the problem of systematising the use of different ethnonyms in the Byzantine narrative and acts. Separately, the article discusses the research experience and study of ethnonymy by American scholar Anthony Kaldellis. It is demonstrated, that he poses a somewhat different task in his monographs. The sources for his monographs are exclusively narrative sources and (Byzantine, Arabic and Western European). One of his works deals with ethnonymy from ethnographic positions. The other discusses the ethnonymy-related concept of “romaism”, i.e. the interaction of different peoples with the Romans and their incorporation into the social and governing structure of the Roman Empire.
Raymond Barre — Nonparty Prime Ministre of France
Authors: Arzakanyian Marina
Published: September 2022

The article presents a portrait of the French Prime Minister Raymond Barre. His path to the post of second person of the state was unusual. Born in the French overseas department Reunion, he was educated at the Sorbonne and became one of France’s top economists. Barre has taught economics at French universities and worked for the European Commission in Brussels. In 1976, during the most severe economic crisis, the President of the Republic, Valery Giscard d’Estaing, appointed him Prime Minister of France. Barre held this high position until 1981. A few years later, in 1988, ye ran for President of the Republic, but was unsuccessful. From 1955 to 2001 he was Mayor of Lyon.