bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
British Cattle Veterinary Association Conference
Authors: Andrews Anthony H.
Published: March 2023

A conference sponsored by the British Cattle Veterinary Association involved twenty-six speakers contributing over a three-day period, as well as a large poster display. The meeting was held at the Nottinghom School of Agriculture, Sutton Bonington, on April 13-15, 1981, and attracted just under a hundred veterinary surgeons to all or part of the meeting. The main topics covered were reproduction, computers, milk quality, breeding, practice laboratories and growth promoters as well as several clinical contributions. Credit for this comprehensive programme must go to Dr. David Weaver, B.C.V.A. Programme Secretary.
In Memoriam: Karl Ludwig Diernhofer
Authors: American Association of Bovine Practitioners
Published: March 2023

Karl Ludwig Diernhofer biography.
Influence of the winter environment of the dairy cow on mastitis
Authors: Francis P. G. , Summer J. , Joyce D. A.
Published: March 2023

To determine:a) the influence of bedding temperatures in straw bedded cubicles (free stalls), on E. coli populations in bedding;b) the relationship between the appearance of used cubicle bedding and its E. coli population;c) the influence of E. coli in bedding on udder infections.
Ruminal metabolic acidosis
Authors: Howard Jimmy L.
Published: March 2023

Ruminal acidosis is a metabolic disease of cattle, sheep and possibly other ruminants which is characterized by ruminal and generalized systemic acidosis resulting in anorixia, weakness, prostration, coma and frequently death. The condition has been called engorgement toxemia, rumenitis, toxic indigestion, rumen overload, grain overload, rumen acidosis or lactic acidosis. In the biochemistry of acid-base physiology, there are two broad classifications of acidosis. The first is respiratory acidosis which is usually a compensatory hypoventilation which increases the Pco2, resulting in acidosis of respiratory origin. The second classification is referred to as metabolic acidosis. This is the type of acidosis we will be concerned with in this article.
Uses and abuses of hormones and their analogs in estrus synchronization, control of parturition, prophylaxis and therapy of infertility
Authors: Jochle Wolfgang
Published: March 2023

Hormones are an increasing important part of the veterinarian’s armatory in battling infertility, maintaining fertility and controlling cycle and parturition. Therapeutic, prophylactic and biotechnical aspects of their use can often no longer be separated: Cycle control methods have become tools to treat or prevent certain aspects of infertility; methods to control parturition as a management tool are of importance to terminate pathological gestations or alleviate dystocia and enable obstetrical procedures.

Drug laws worldwide assure use or dispensation of these hormones by veterinarians only.

The rowing of issues in the title of this presentation, to be discussed in this introductory review, does not reflect a ranking of their present importance. But it may well reflect its future importance. The order of discussion chosen here follows the biological and biotechnical sequence of events in the life on an animal of the bovine species and the chances to be subjected to hormonal treatments.
Bovine chlamydial abortions
Authors: Storz J. , Whiteman C. E.
Published: March 2023

Chlamydial agents are obligate intracellular pathogens of prokaryotic pature, and they comprise a large group of antigenically related and culturally, morphologically, and tinctorially similar microorganisms. One property characterizing chlamydial strains of several animal species is their ability to establish placental and fetal infection irrespective of the type of placentation. Chlamydial agents were first suspected as a cause of abortions in cattle in Germany in 1956. Since then they were proven, by isolation from fetuses or placentas, as well as through serological evidence, to be a cause of reproductive failure of cattle. Chlamydiae were identified as a cause of bovine abortions in North America, in most countries of western and eastern Europe, in South Africa, and in some Asian countries.

Characteristics of experimentally induced chlamydial abortions will be analyzed in this contribution from clinical and pathogenetic aspects and from etiological, serological, and pathological viewpoints. In the process, the experimentally induced disease will be compared with, and related to, the more complex problem of abortion that confronts the practitioner and the diagnostician.
Preventing an exotic disease outbreak and responding to such outbreaks
Authors: Hand K. A.
Published: March 2023

Many diseases that are exotic to the United States are currently spreading in the world. Rift Valley fever has spread from South and Central Africa, all the way to Egypt. Increased outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease have recently appeared in a number of European countries. African swine fever has become established in the Western Hemisphere. Heartwater has been diagnosed in one of the Caribbean Islands. Exotic Newcastle disease is now well established throughout the world. Hog cholera is endemic to Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean Islands, and illegal movement of swine or their products could be a source for additional outbreaks in the United States.
Understanding and dealing with stray voltage problems
Authors: Gustafson R. J. , Cloud H. A. , Appleman R. D.
Published: March 2023

Stray voltages can cause serious problems in dairy operations and other confinement livestock systems. The sources are varied and their interactions make diagnosis difficult. This paper reviews the problem and presents diagnostic procedures which will help isolate the contributions from various sources. Correction based on the problem sources are described.
Antimicrobial resistance of strains of Pasteurella hemolytica isolated from feedlot cattle
Authors: Amstutz H. E. , Morter R. L. , Armstrong C. H.
Published: March 2023

P. haemolytica was isolated from 51 of 65 nasal swabs taken from cattle with untreated respiratory disease in Kentucky in 1978 (23 of 29 cattle), 1979 (18 of 22), and 1980 (10 of 14). Isolates were resistant (in vitro) to ampicillin (21 isolates), streptomycin (46), tetracycline (46), triple-sulfonamide (12), chloramphenicol (1), nitrofuran (1), and neomycin (1). All isolates were resistant to at least 2 drugs, 8 were resistant to 4, and one to all 7.
Use of blood urea nitrogen concentration as an indicator of protein status in cattle
Authors: Hammond Andrew C.
Published: March 2023

Measuring blood urea nitrogen (UN) concentration in ruminants has become a common technique for monitoring protein status both in livestock production research and the clinical environment. The technique is used world-wide and although there is a plethora of reports on values obtained under various conditions, caution should be given to interpretation of blood UN data due to the number of variables which can affect blood UN values. This is especially true when factors other than nutrition, such as health of the animal and physiological state or stage of production are involved. The advent of rapid and inexpensive automated analytical procedures, use of UN and other metabolic indicators is expected to continue in the future. Best use of this information can only be made with an understanding and consideration of the various factors that affect these metabolic parameters. The following is intended to be a useful overview of these factors and the practice of using blood UN concentration as an indicator of protein status in cattle.
British Cattle Veterinary Association Conference
Authors: Andrews Anthony H.
Published: March 2023

A wide variety of subjects were discussed at the British Cattle Veterinary Association Conference and there was a strong emphasis on practical items. The meeting was held at the Seale Hayne Agricultural College and was blessed with more than its fair share of April showers. Over seventy people from all over Great Britain descended on the college in time to hear its Principal, Dr. Dowrick deliver the welcoming address.
Beef cattle selection and evolution
Authors: Leverett Gene
Published: March 2023

There is an area of cow-calf production that is very important to the economic health of this industry, and also difficult to measure and document. The area I am referring to is the phenotypic expression of characteristics that affect production efficiency, the evolutionary forces that act on these phenotypes, and the significance of selection of genetic material.

We have many people in cow-calf production today who are advocating the selection of a few characteristics which they feel are highly heritable. They believe that to select for many things at once will slow down the improvement of the characteristics desired, as well as being of no real enonomic benefit. (1) The most economically important characteristic in a beef cow is her ability to breed and wean a relatively large amount of pounds consistently and with low imputs of energy from the herdsman. This is a problem of the animal’s fitness to its environment in all areas that affect its productive level and cost of production. The evolutionary process that has been going on for hundreds of thousands of years is now being affected and directed by herdsmen’s ideas of their ideal.
Epidemiologic investigation of vesicular stomatitis in a dairy and its economic impact
Authors: Leder Robert R. , Maas J. , Lane V. Michael , Evermann James F.
Published: March 2023

An outbreak of vesicular stomatitis which occurred in a dairy herd in southwestern Idaho in 1982 was investigated. The virus spread in the herd despite the lack of insect vectors, and the vesicular stomatitis virus was isolated from saliva-contaminated water sources. Approximately 320 of 500 cows were affected, and the total estimated loss was approximately $50 000.
Herd health program
Authors: Bohlender R. E.
Published: March 2023

To fit our preventive programs into their changing operations, we need to have their attention early enough to implement our procedures. The time lag between applying a procedure and receiving the benefit will require that we maintain contact and impact. In my experience, once we establish a sound preventive or efficiency procedure on a cost-benefit factor, it will usually become a part of their routine. This would in turn require us to be objective rather than opportunistic in our annual evaluation of all the individual procedures used for a client.
Use of milk records in a herd health programme
Authors: Bazeley Katrine J.
Published: March 2023

Study of herd records has become an integral part of any herd health programme on the dairy farm. However, collection and manipulation of such records is a timeconsuming and often laboriousjob—and it should always be remembered that is is not an end in itself. Data stored should therefore be kept to the minimum compatible with usefulness. It is essential that the best use is made of records available—plenty of information can be gleaned from even the simplest. The following paper illustrates how simple milk records can provide the starting point for investigations of production problems.
Review of development of colonies of Anaplasma marginale in the gut of Dermacentor andersoni
Authors: Kocan Katherine M. , Ewing S. A.
Published: March 2023

Anaplasmosis is a major disease of cattle in the United States and is one of several tick-borne maladies that severly hamper cattle production world-wide. The causative agent, Anaplasma marginale, is currently classified in the Family Anaplasmataceae, Order Rickettsiales according to the 8th Edition of Bergey’s Manual, but little is known about the developmental cycle of the organism in either the invertebrate (tick) or vertebrate (cattle) hosts. Previous to studies in our laboratory, the only form of A. marginale that had been identified and described was the erythrocytic inclusion body found in cattle with anaplasmosis. Although A. marginale had been reported by earlier workers to be transmitted by ticks, it was not clearly established whether the organisms observed in previous studies were those ingested as part of the blood meal or were stages that developed within tick cells.

The studies from our laboratory reviewed herein were undertaken to demonstrate A. marginale in Dermacentor andersoni and to describe its development from infection of nymphal ticks through transmission of the organism to cattle by subsequently molted adults. In these studies, A. marginale has been found to occur within membrane-bound inclusions that we have termed colonies. The colonies were first described in midgut epithelial cells of adult D. andersoni that were infected as nymphs. Since publication of that finding, colonies have also been found in replete nymphal ticks. The colonies at various stages of tick development were found, by light microscopy, to have different morphologic characteristics and to contain several types of organisms—representing part of a developmental sequence of the organism in the tick. This review of the development of A. marginale in ticks will be presented chronologically beginning from infection of nymphs (while feeding on a calf with anaplasmosis) and continuing through the time ticks molt to the adult stage.
Fiber I
Authors: Olson William G.
Published: March 2023

Milk fat depression is a sporadic problem usually encountered when the crude fiber in the total ration declines below 17% on a dry matter basis. The following discussion of fiber and its analysis is presented as a basis for several succeeding papers here today.
Improving and predicting reproductive performance
Authors: Wiltbank J. N.
Published: March 2023

Reproduction in a beef cow herd is a fragile thing, easy to disrupt and difficult to re-establish. The beef cow has priorities. Her first priority is survival, her second priority is the survival of her calf, and her third priority is reproduction. This means the first two priorities must be met before the third can be accomplished. It is difficult, with today’s economy, to have good reproduction without excessive cost. The purpose of this paper is to briefly outline those ingredients necessary for good reproduction to occur in a beef cow herd, show methods that can be utilized to predict reproduction performance, and outline methods for determining the economic feasibility.
Treatment of chronic chlorpyrifos poisoning in a Limousin bull
Authors: Putnam M. R. , Edwards W. C.
Published: March 2023

A purebred three-year-old Limousin bull developed diarrhea, anorexia, and weight loss a few days following topical application of chlorpyrifos Dow Chemical Co., Midland, Michigan 48640.

Approximately one month following exposure, the bull was referred to the Oklahoma State University, College of Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital for evaluation and treatment. The clinical syndrome was very similar to chlorpyrifos poisoning previously described in dairy bulls. Chlorpyrifos [0, 0-dimethyl-0-) 3, 5, 6-trichloro -2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate], insecticide is used for the control of lice and horn flies on beef-breed cattle by pouring on the skin at the withers as a one-time seasonal treatment.
Environmental design for a total animal health care system
Authors: Bates Donald W. , Anderson John F.
Published: March 2023

The design requirements to achieve a good environment for healthy animals are described. Mechanically ventilated livestock buildings are usually insulated, with a constant maintained temperature of about 40 °F or above, extra heat being applied as necessary; naturally ventilated buildings depend on air movements, have no insulation, and inside temperatures approximate to outside temperatures. The fresh air inlet and exhaust systems are discussed in detail for mechanical ventilation; types of fans are described and rating tables illustrate their performance. Rules for the location of fans and the design of the fresh air intake system are emphasized and the influence of seasonal factors is discussed. The location of naturally ventilated buildings should be at least 50 ft away from other structures; ridge and wall openings are discussed in terms of dimensions; the roof underside should be steep and smooth and of proper construction.
Review of the Relationship Between Mineral Nutrition and Reproduction in Cattle
Authors: Pugh D. G. , Elmore R. G. , Hembree T. R.
Published: March 2023

This paper considers the effects of abnormal dietary concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, manganese, molybdenum, copper, cobalt, iodine, selenium and zinc on fertility and reproductive performance of cattle.
Current Resistance Patterns of Bacterial Pneumonia Pathogens and Therapeutic Considerations
Authors: Gedek W. , Endres Angela , Dirksen G.
Published: March 2023

A standardized test of sensitivity (following DINx 58 940) to 10 chemotherapeutic agents was conducted on 49 Pasteurella and 10 C. pyogenes strains. These strains had been isolated from nasal or pulmonary secretions of calves with bronchopneumonia or from affected lung tissue of animals that had died. Resistance rates were determined on the basis of minimal inhibitory concentration or by the disk diffusion method. These were: for erythromycin 0%, tri- methroprim/sulfadoxine 2.3%, penicillin G 20.5%, ampicillin 24.5%, kanamycin 24.5%, neomycin 32.7%, chloramphenicol 43.2%, sulfamethazine 54.5%, oxytetracycline 63.6%, and streptomycin 75.5%. C. pyogenes proved to be highly sensitive to penicillin G. Routine checking of resistance patterns is necessary for achieving effective trf* tment of bronchopneumonia.
Milk Antitrypsin As a Marker of Bovine Mastitis
Authors: Mattila T. , Sandholm M.
Published: March 2023

An abstract of a paper presented at the 13th World Congress on Cattle Diseases, Durban, South Africa, Sept. 17-21, 1984.
Book Review: Regulating Water Security in Unconventional Oil and Gas
Authors: Foster Jessica
Published: March 2023

Regulating Water Security in Unconventional Oil and Gas is a collection of articles authored by professionals from disciplines as diverse as agriculture, zoology, law, and economics. The book takes a multidisciplinary look at how issues related to water for unconventional oil and gas production affect water security of a nation, state, community, or sector of industry—and possible pathways toward regulations that balance economic development with the human right to water. The authors examine what other regions have been experiencing to illustrate some of the common difficulties and differing perspectives, challenges, and solutions being attempted. Authors’ contributions are presented in four parts, making the dense subject matter digestible.
Citation: Foster J. 2020. Book Review: Regulating water security in unconventional oil and gas. Texas Water Journal. 11(1):61-63. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v11i1.7114.
Groundwater Withdrawals Associated with Oil and Gas Production from Water Supply Aquifers in Texas: Implications for Water Management Practices
Authors: Coeckelenbergh Katie , Murgulet Dorina , Uhlman Kristine , Vickers Chris
Published: March 2023

The demand for water is continuing to increase as population and industry grow. The Natural Resources Defense Council indicated that Texas is at “extreme risk” for implementation of sustainable water management practices especially since groundwater is the supplier of much of the state’s freshwater. This study is designed to assess groundwater conservation practices in association with oil and gas production from the surrounding areas of the Carrizo-Wilcox formation in Texas. The results of this study reveal that the Railroad Commission of Texas (RRC), the governing agency for Texas oil and gas development, permits produced water to be discharged into surface waters if the discharged water quality meets Texas Surface Water Quality Standards (TSWQS) set by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) for the specific receiving water body.  After careful evaluation of data provided by the Railroad Commission of Texas, it is believed that nearly 5,331,975 m3 (4,321 ac⋅ft) of produced water per year, with an average TDS of 960 mg L-1, is being removed from the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer through discharge permits designated as “agricultural”. The RRC is not legally required to share the discharge information with local Groundwater Conservation Districts. Based on an evaluation of the reported Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) test data, 69 discharges amount to total suspended solid (TDS) levels of less than 1,000 mg L-1, 35 are between 1,000-1,500 mg L-1, and 20 between 1,500 - 4,000 mg L-1.  Although 69% of discharges exceed the secondary drinking water standard for TDS (500 mg L-1), the average of all discharges, 960 mg L-1, is in line with the arbitrary upper limit for freshwater based on the suitability for human consumption. In addition, the water quality of surface discharges complies with requirements for several water reuses associated with agricultural and industrial practices. The lack of communication between groundwater users leads to conflicting groundwater practices that have negative impacts such as contribution to aquifer over-exploitation and alteration of hydraulic gradients, in turn negatively impacting existing groundwater conservation efforts.
Focused Flows to Maintain Natural Nursery Habitats
Authors: Montagna Paul A. , McKinney Larry , Yoskowitz David
Published: March 2023

Regulatory standards for environmental flows to estuaries are not common, but they are required in Texas. This has led to adoption of complex freshwater inflow regimes that reflect seasonal and yearly fluctuations that vary geographically throughout the state. The flow regimes are based on dilution of saline water with fresh water in whole systems. Because the estuaries are large lagoons, large volumes of fresh water are required to meet standards. However, this volume of water is not available during dry periods. We present a new concept, focused flows, for lower flow volumes that would maintain the ecological health of the upper reaches of estuaries during droughts. The concept is based on maintaining ecological integrity of nursery habitats, which is an important ecological function of estuaries. These focused flows would protect nursery habitats during droughts and allow estuaries to recover more quickly when the hydrology returns to average or higher flow periods. This approach could be applied globally where increasing water infrastructure and deficits are a concern or increasing aridity due to climate change is reducing river flows to coasts.
Book Review: Water Policy in Texas: Responding to the Rise of Scarcity
Authors: Sugg Zachary P.
Published: March 2023

Citation: Sugg ZP. 2011. Book Review: Water Policy in Texas: Responding to the Rise of Scarcity. Texas Water Journal. 2(1):112-114. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v2i1.6134.
Multi-year water allocation: an economic approach towards future planning and management of declining groundwater resources in the Texas Panhandle
Authors: Tewari Rachna , Almas Lal K. , Johnson Jeff , Golden Bill , Amosson Stephen H. , Guerrero Bridget L.
Published: March 2023

Heavy withdrawals from the Ogallala Aquifer, the most dependable source of groundwater in the Texas Panhandle, create an impending need for implementing water conservation policies. This study evaluates the policy option of multi-year water allocation coupled with water-use restriction in Regional Water Planning Area-Region A of Texas, over a 60-year planning horizon for 4 study counties, namely Dallam, Sherman, Moore and Hartley. Dallam County is studied as a representative county and results compared with other study counties. For the unconstrained baseline scenario over 60 years, the counties of study show a decline in saturated thickness that recommends the incorporation of water-use restriction alternatives at different rates. Increasing restrictions rates led to decline in water use per acre as well as total annual water use. Such restrictions, if mandated by the water conservation districts, will result in individual irrigators bearing the cost of water savings in the form of reduction in net present value per acre. The decline in net present value may have implications to the regional economy, and therefore, it is crucial to analyze the socio-economic effects of implementing such a policy alternative and analyze the feasibility in the light of legislative and political scenarios.
Citation: Tewari R, Almas LK, Johnson J, Golden B, Amosson SH, Guerrero BL. 2014. Multi-year water allocation: an economic approach towards future planning and management of declining groundwater resources in the Texas Panhandle. Texas Water Journal. 5(1):1-11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v5i1.6390.
Documentation of a recharge-discharge water budget and main-streambed recharge volumes, and fundamental evaluation of groundwater tracer studies for the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards Aquifer
Authors: Slade Jr. Raymond Maurice
Published: March 2023

Data and information reveal that the Edwards Aquifer between Lady Bird Lake (the Colorado River) in Austin, Texas and the "groundwater divide" near Kyle, Texas discharges to 2 major springs: Barton Springs and Cold and Deep Eddy Springs. The long-term mean discharges for the springs are 51 cubic feet per second and 5.5 cubic feet per second, respectively. The source for Cold and Deep Eddy Springs probably represents Dry Creek in the Rollingwood, Texas area and a small amount of recharge water from Barton Creek.
Additional springflow, which periodically discharges from the lower reach of Barton Creek immediately upstream from Barton Springs, varies from zero when Barton Springs is flowing about 50 cubic feet per second to about 5 cubic feet per second during extreme high-flow conditions at Barton Springs. Two streamflow gain-loss studies on the Colorado River document any other discharges from the Edwards Aquifer to the Colorado River to be nonexistent or minor.
A recharge-discharge water budget for a 32-month period reveals that the total discharge from Barton Springs, Cold and Deep Eddy Springs, the lower reach of Barton Creek, and groundwater pumpage is about 3% less than the surface recharge—a value within the potential error of the measurements. Additionally, for the budget period, recharge within the main channels of the 6 major streams crossing the recharge area account for a minimum of 75% of total recharge. Therefore, long-term recharge within the recharge area from overland flow or tributaries to the main channels represents a maximum of 25% of total recharge, a value equivalent to a mean depth of 2.1 inches per year over the 90-square-mile recharge area, or no more than 6.6% of the long-term mean precipitation of 32 inches per year over the recharge area.
Citation: Slade RM Jr. 2014. Documentation of a recharge-discharge water budget and main streambed recharge volumes, and fundamental evaluation of groundwater tracer studies for the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards Aquifer. Texas Water Journal. 5(1):12-23. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v5i1.6988.
Spatial and temporal effects of the Rincon Bayou Pipeline on hypersaline conditions in the Lower Nueces Delta, Texas, USA
Authors: Hill Erin M. , Tunnell Jace W. , Nicolau Brien A
Published: March 2023

The Rincon Bayou Pipeline became operational in 2007 and delivers Nueces River water to the Nueces Delta via the Rincon Bayou. Salinity was monitored during 3 pumping events to identify the spatial and temporal effects of the pumped freshwater to the Rincon Bayou Channel and to areas outside of the channel proper. The spatial extent of the pumped freshwater lowered salinity beyond the Rincon Bayou Channel to connecting marsh areas and salinities remained below hypersaline levels 8 to 16 days after pumping ceased. The results of this new and innovative way of delivering freshwater to the Nueces Delta has proved to be a valuable management tool for minimizing the duration of hypersaline conditions within the estuary. Water resource management decision-makers can use this information for developing strategies to optimize freshwater inflow needs to the estuary while balancing the freshwater demands for humans.
 
Citation: Hill EM, Tunnell JW, Nicolau BA. 2014. Spatial and temporal effects of the Rincon Bayou Pipeline on hypersaline conditions in the Lower Nueces Delta, Texas, USA. Texas Water Journal. 6(1):11-32. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v6i1.6998.
Residential outdoor water use in one East Texas community
Authors: Pannkuk Timothy R. , Wolfskill Lawrence A.
Published: March 2023

Municipalities continue to implement efforts to encourage water conservation among residents. Landscape irrigation has been central to many of those conservation efforts. Reference evapotranspiration data is a tool that can be used in determining the appropriate amount of water to apply to amenity landscapes. Monthly water-use data for 3 years was examined in 1 neighborhood in Huntsville, Texas. The irrigated area for 1,229 residents was calculated and used to determine the depth of monthly irrigation for each residence. Replacement of 100% of local reference evapotranspiration data, minus rainfall, was used as a determinant of how much water to apply to the landscape each month for 3 years. Potential over-irrigation for each month was then compiled. Data expressed that over-irrigation was occurring among 99.51% of residents, of which 12% of these residents over-irrigated by at least 100,000 gallons in at least 1 month during the 36 month study. In 2011, the entire neighborhood of study over-irrigated by 21.2 million gallons. Outdoor water use accounted for 64% of the total water use by households. Average indoor water usage was 4,302 gallons per month. Based on the data overall, greater conservation efforts in landscape irrigation are crucial for Texas residents if water demands are to be met in the 21st century.
Citation: Pannkuk TR, Wolfskill LA. 2015. Residential outdoor water use in one East Texas community. Texas Water Journal. 6(1):79-85. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v6i1.7009.
The price Texas pays for Mexico’s water debt
Authors: Rubinstein Carlos
Published: March 2023

The Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas is not only a cultural gem but also a significant contributor to our state’s economy. Since the region is largely dependent upon the Rio Grande for its water supply, it is critical that those states and nations with which we share common borders comply with state, federal, and international agreements regarding the river. Since the early 1990s, Mexico has consistently failed to meet its obligations to the treaty signed in 1944 that allocates waters in the lower reach of the Rio Grande. Mexico’s repeated failure to comply with the treaty has caused severe economic hardship to Texas communities and farmers. Despite numerous efforts, Mexico continues to resist entering into a productive discussion and commitment to honor the treaty. A meaningful resolution to this issue will require active participation from the U.S. Department of State, the White House, and Texas officials.
Citation: Rubinstein C. 2015. The price Texas pays for Mexico's water debt. Texas Water Journal. 6(1):1-10. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v6i1.7015.
Comparison of infiltration flux in playa lakes in grassland and cropland basins, Southern High Plains of Texas
Authors: Ganesan Geetha , Rainwater Ken , Gitz Dennis , Hall Nicholas , Zartman Richard , Hudnall Wayne , Smith Loren
Published: March 2023

Playas are the dominant wetland type on the Southern High Plains  of Texas and capture runoff during periods of heavy rainfall. Observing the hydrologic functions of playa is important to evaluate their ecological services, which include encouragement of species biodiversity and recharge of the underlying High Plains (Ogallala) Aquifer. Ten pairs of playas were chosen in 10 counties on the Texas Southern High Plains. Each pair included 1 playa surrounded by natural grassland (not in the Natural Resources Conservation Service’s Conservation Reserve Program) and 1 playa surrounded by cultivated cropland. Instrumentation at each playa allowed calculation of changes in free water evaporation and water stored over time during the hydroperiods, defined as continuous durations of surface water storage in the playa basins, caused by one or more rainfall events that generated sufficient runoff flows to reach and fill the playas. A water budget model calculated daily infiltration flux through the playa bottoms. Six cropland playas and 3 grassland playas had significant hydroperiods with associated consistent instrumentation operation during the 6-year study across the years 2005 to 2011. The average observed infiltration flux rates were approximately 10 millimeters/day (range 2 to 20 millimeters/day) and 3 millimeters/day (range 1 to 5 millimeters/day) for the cropland and grassland playas, respectively. The preliminary results may be influenced by the presence of eroded sediments from the surrounding cropland, but more runoff events are needed to differentiate between the impacts of playa floor soils and variations in rainfall and playa watershed characteristics that contribute to the hydroperiods.
Citation: Ganesan G, Rainwater K, Gitz D, Hall N, Zartman R, Hudnall W, Smith L. 2016. Comparison of infiltration flux in playa lakes n grassland and cropland basins, Southern High Plains of Texas. Texas Water Journal. 7(1):25-39. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v7i1.7007.
An introduction to the NWS West Gulf River Forecast Center
Authors: Story Gregory
Published: March 2023

The National Weather Service (NWS) West Gulf River Forecast Center (WGRFC), in cooperation with numerous federal, state, and local government entities, uses the latest science and technology to provide timely and accurate river forecasts in an effort to protect life and property for most of the river drainages in Texas. Disaster preparedness decreases property damage by an estimated $1 billion annually nationwide. The mission is to provide basic hydrologic forecast information for the economic and environmental well-being for the nation. The WGRFC is 1 of 13 river forecast centers within the United States and is located in Fort Worth, Texas. The WGRFC’s area of responsibility stretches from the Rio Grande in southern Colorado, New Mexico and south Texas eastward to the Sabine River along the Texas-Louisiana border. Other rivers in the center’s area of responsibility include the Pecos, Nueces, San Antonio, Guadalupe, Colorado, Brazos, Trinity, and Neches rivers. This article will describe the variety of hydrologic forecasting services routinely provided by the WGRFC. Although flood forecasts are its most well-known product, the WGRFC also generates river and water information used for recreation, reservoir operations, and water supply plans. Additionally, the WGRFC produces estimates of hourly precipitation. To achieve this, the WGRFC has 2 primary functions; a hydrometeorological function and a hydrologic function.  This article will describe each function and discuss how each function serves as steps in the preparation and the issuing of hydrologic forecasts.
Citation: Story GJ. 2016. Program note: An introduction to the NWS West Gulf River Forecast Center. Texas Water Journal. 7(1):56-63. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v7i1.7036.
Interjecting economics into the groundwater policy dialogue
Authors: Griffin James Milton
Published: March 2023

Historically, economic theory has played a miniscule role in groundwater policy deliberations because of its complexity. This paper is intended for practitioners. Its goal is to distill the seminal 1931 paper by Harold Hotelling and show how it can be applied to manage a quasi-nonrenewable resource like groundwater. Hotelling’s framework is then used to critique both the rule of capture era and the current era of regulation by groundwater conservation districts. The latter also draws heavily on the analysis by Brady et al. in a 2016 Bush School Capstone Report. Finally, a regulatory fix is proposed based on the ideas of Nobel Laureate, Vernon Smith (1977) that would use groundwater bank accounts to assure the efficient use of groundwater over time.
Citation: Griffin JM. 2017. Interjecting economics into the groundwater policy dialogue. Texas Water Journal. 8(1):97-112. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v8i1.7051.
Commentary: 85th Texas State Legislature: summaries of water-related legislative action
Authors: Steinbach Stacey Allison , Kramer Ken , Mullins Christopher , Fowler Perry L. , Schlessinger Sarah Rountree
Published: March 2023

Editor-in-Chief’s Note: September 1 of every odd-numbered year is the date when new legislation from the most recent session of the Texas Legislature typically goes into effect. With this in mind, the Texas Water Journal invited four organizations that work closely with the Texas Legislature to provide their take on the changes to Texas water policy and law that were made during the 2017 session. The opinions expressed in these summaries are the opinions of the individual organizations and not the opinions of the Texas Water Journal or the Texas Water Resources Institute.Organizations:

Texas Water Conservation Association
Sierra Club, Lone Star Chapter
Texas Water Infrastructure Network
Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts

Citation: Commentary: Steinbach SA, Kramer K, Mullins C, Fowler PL, Schlessinger SR. 2017. Commentary: 85th Texas State Legislature: summaries of water-related legislative action. Texas Water Journal. 8(1):67-86. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v8i1.7064.
Texas through time—Lone Star geology, landscapes, and resources
Authors: Mace Robert E.
Published: March 2023

Citation: Mace RE. 2017. Book review: Texas through time—Lone Star geology, landscapes, and resources. Texas Water Journal. 8(1):113-115. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v8i1.7072.
Integration of the Community Collaborative Rain, Hail, and Snow Network (CoCoRaHS) observations into the West Gulf River Forecast Center operations
Authors: Story Gregory
Published: March 2023

This article will introduce the Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow (CoCoRaHS) network and illustrate its integration into the daily operations at the National Weather Service West Gulf River Forecast Center (WGRFC). An example will be shown on how the data were used during a specific flood event and will illustrate our extensive use of this data during Hurricane Harvey. The benefits of this network will be discussed. The network provides the WGRFC a source of rain gauge data where other sources of rainfall data are sparse and allows for verification of radar-based precipitation estimates. Members of CoCoRaHS provide observations that are vital in assisting the WGRFC with flood forecasting operations. Information on joining this important network is presented in this article.
Citation: Story GJ. 2018. Integration of the Community Collaborative Rain, Hail, and Snow Network (CoCoRaHS) observations into the West Gulf River Forecast Center operations. Texas Water Journal. 9(1):96-107. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v9i1.7071.
Book review: The international law of transboundary groundwater resources
Authors: Sanchez Rosario
Published: March 2023

Citation: Sanchez R. 2018. Book review: the international law of transboundary groundwater resources. Texas Water Journal. 9(1):16-17. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v9i1.7076.
Surface water-groundwater interaction issues in Texas
Authors: Young Steven C. , Mace Robert E. , Rubinstein Carlos
Published: March 2023

In Texas, surface water is owned and regulated by the State of Texas, whereas groundwater is owned by respective property owners under the rule of capture. Owners of surface water rights, issued by the state, and groundwater may use and sell their water as a private property right. The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality administers surface water rights, while groundwater conservation districts (where they exist) are primarily responsible for permitting groundwater use. This paper focuses on the complexity of both systems that are designed to manage water resources differently with specific emphasis on where surface water and groundwater interact. Surface water-groundwater interactions have contributed to disputes over the actual ownership and right to water. The available science and the limitations of the models currently used to make water availability and permitting determinations are discussed, as are the investments in field data gathering and interpretation and model enhancements that can lead to better assessments of surface water-groundwater interactions and impacts. More complete science and enhanced models may also help reduce the timeline associated with the permitting of future water supply and use strategies.
Citation: Young SC, Mace RE, Rubinstein C. 2018. Surface water-groundwater interaction issues in Texas. Texas Water Journal. 9(1):129-149. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v9i1.7084.
Hot and heavy dark matter from a weak scale phase transition
Authors: Baldes Iason , Gouttenoire Yann , Sala Filippo
Published: March 2023

We point out that dark matter which is produced non-adiabatically in
a phase transition (PT) with fast bubble walls receives a boost in
velocity which leads to long free-streaming lengths. We find that this
could be observed via the suppressed matter power spectrum for dark
matter masses around \mathbf{ 10^8 - 10^9}108-109
GeV and energy scales of the PT around \mathbf{ 10^{2} - 10^3}102-103 GeV.
The PT should take place at the border of the supercooled regime,
i.e. approximately when the Universe becomes vacuum dominated. This work
offers novel physics goals for galaxy surveys,
Lyman-\alphaɑ,
stellar stream, lensing, and 21-cm observations, and connects these to
the gravitational waves from such phase transitions, and more
speculatively to possible telescope signals of heavy dark matter
decay.
Lifshitz symmetry: Lie algebras, spacetimes and particles
Authors: Figueroa-O'Farrill José , Grassie Ross , Prohazka Stefan
Published: March 2023

We study and classify Lie algebras, homogeneous spacetimes and
coadjoint orbits (“particles”) of Lie groups generated by spatial
rotations, temporal and spatial translations and an additional scalar
generator. As a first step we classify Lie algebras of this type in
arbitrary dimension. Among them is the prototypical Lifshitz algebra,
which motivates this work and the name “Lifshitz Lie algebras”. We
classify homogeneous spacetimes of Lifshitz Lie groups. Depending on the
interpretation of the additional scalar generator, these spacetimes fall
into three classes:

1. (d+2)-dimensional Lifshitz spacetimes which have one additional
holographic direction;

2. (d+1)-dimensional Lifshitz-Weyl spacetimes which can be seen as
the boundary geometry of the spacetimes in (1) and where the scalar
generator is interpreted as an anisotropic dilation;

3. and (d+1)-dimensional aristotelian spacetimes with one scalar
charge, including exotic fracton-like symmetries that generalise
multipole algebras.

We also classify the possible central extensions of Lifshitz Lie
algebras and we discuss the homogeneous symplectic manifolds of Lifshitz
Lie groups in terms of coadjoint orbits.
Electron currents from gradual heating in tilted Dirac cone materials
Authors: Moradpouri Ahmadreza , Torabian Mahdi , Jafari Seyed Akbar
Published: March 2023

Materials hosting tilted Dirac/Weyl fermions provide an emergent
spacetime structure for the solid state physics. They admit a geometric
description in terms of an effective spacetime metric. Using this metric
that is rooted in the long-distance behavior of the underlying lattice,
we formulate the hydrodynamic theory for tilted Dirac/Weyl materials in
2+12+1
spacetime dimensions. We find that the mingling of space and time
through the off-diagonal components of the metric gives rise to: (i)
heat and electric currents proportional to the temporal gradient of
temperature, \partial_t T∂tT
and (ii) a non-zero Hall-like conductance \sigma^{ij}\propto \zeta^i\zeta^jσij∝ζiζj
where \zeta^jζj
parameterize the tilt in jj’th
space direction. The finding (i) above that can be demonstrated in the
laboratory, implies that the non-trivial emergent spacetime geometry in
these materials empowers them with a fascinating capability to harness
naturally available sources of \partial_t T∂tT
of hot deserts to produce electric current. We further find a
tilt-induced non-Drude contribution to conductivity which can be
experimentally disentangled from the usual Drude pole.
Síndrome de burnout en auxiliares de enfermería durante la pandemia del COVID-19
Authors: Carvajal Góez Angela María , Bedoya Jimenez Mauricio Alejandro , Barrascout De Leon Danette
Published: March 2023

Este trabajo de carácter descriptivo pretende, en primer lugar, estimar la prevalencia del síndrome de burnout durante la pandemia del COVID-19 y la posible relación con algunos factores que desencadenan esta condición en un grupo de 34 auxiliares de enfermería de un hospital público de cuarto nivel del municipio de Envigado en Colombia; y en segundo lugar, plantear las posibles consecuencias y afectación que sufrieron los auxiliares por el mencionado síndrome en aspectos tanto familiares como laborales. Para el cálculo de la muestra se utilizó la aplicación Epidat versión 4.2. El enfoque de la investigación es de tipo cuantitativo, para la recolección de información se utilizó como instrumento el cuestionario Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), su correspondiente análisis se realizó con ayuda del programa Janovi versión 1.6.23. Con el fin de articular la información y obtener los demás datos importantes que no podrían lograrse solo con el cuestionario, la investigación presenta un componente cualitativo; para ello se utilizaron instrumentos como una encuesta y grupo focal. El resultado que se obtuvo sobre el burnout mostró una prevalencia global del 11,8 % y según la información obtenida con el componente cualitativo, se presume que las condiciones de la actual pandemia pudieron influir en el desarrollo de este síndrome, afectando de manera directa los auxiliares de enfermería y su entorno.
Mapping The Field of Islamic Mutual Finance in Indonesia
Authors: Siregar Rizal Ma’ruf Amidy , Cahyani Utari Evy , Sari Dia Purnama
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurpose - This study aims to find a comprehensive literature on Islamic mutual funds in Indonesia.Method - This study uses a qualitative approach with bibliometric analysis.Result - The results of the study identify leading academic authors, journals, and institutions related to Islamic mutual funds in Indonesia. Several popular topics and keywords for the theme of Islamic mutual funds in Indonesia have the potential to be studied further, especially related to the behavior of Islamic mutual fund investors in Indonesia.Implication - The importance of investor behavior for the development of the Islamic mutual fund industry in Indonesia.Originality - This study uses 101 publications indexed in the Dimensions database from 2006 to 2022. The keywords used in the data search are “Islamic mutual funds” AND “Indonesia”