bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feeding strategies and habits of the coral guard‐crab Trapezia bidentata
Authors: Rodríguez‐Troncoso Alma Paola , Bautista‐Guerrero Eric , Canizales‐Flores Hazel María , González‐Castillo Adrián , Cupul‐Magaña Amilcar Leví
Published: November 2024

The crab Trapezia bidentata is a conspicuous crustacean characterized as an obligate symbiont with branching corals, such as species of Pocillopora. These crustaceans have been identified as strict corallivores with a feeding dependency on the mucus excreted by adult colonies in the genus Pocillopora. However, like other crustaceans, individuals of T. bidentata have a nutritional plasticity that has not been described. We used an integrative approach, including traditional taxonomy and high‐throughput sequencing of hypervariable region V9 of the 18S rRNA gene, to describe the mouthparts and the diet of individuals of Trapezia bidentata associated with adult colonies of Pocillopora verrucosa. The presence of setae on the ambulatory dactylus and maxillipeds, forming food brushes and combs, was evident. Sequencing and analyses of the intestinal content of the crustaceans found evidence of 18 phyla, mostly represented by Brachiopoda (28.1%), Arthropoda (31.7%), and Cnidaria (21.1%), but also small contributions (≤2%) of other animal groups such as Mollusca, Annelida, and Tunicata. In addition, a few traces (≤0.5%) of algae and fungi were identified. The feeding structures and intestinal content showed that individuals of T. bidentata are omnivorous and behave as suspension feeders and scrapers, obtaining nourishment from tissues transported in the water column and in the mucus and tissue of P. verrucosa. The results provide a clearer characterization of the role of T. bidentata, which is a crucial guard crustacean associated with P. verrucosa. We found both corallivorous and suspension‐feeding habits, which demonstrates feeding plasticity, a positive characteristic for the survival of the species.
An innovative approach to study the influence of microstructure on thermal shock resistance of porous ceramics
Authors: Cui Jinping , Guan Kang , Rao Pinggen , Zeng Qingfeng , Liu Jiantao
Published: November 2024

Porosity is a critical microstructural factor in ceramic materials, influencing their mechanical and thermal properties. However, the detailed mechanisms through which porosity, grain size, and grain boundary fracture energy affect the thermal shock resistance of porous ceramics are still not fully understood. This study introduces a dual‐scale model that integrates these microstructural parameters to predict fracture toughness and thermal shock resistance. Using the single‐edge V‐notch fracture toughness testing principle, we calculate the thermal stress intensity factor and establish its relationship with temperature differentials. The critical temperature differential, which marks the onset of thermal shock damage, is determined when the thermal stress intensity factor reaches the fracture toughness threshold. The model reveals a significant interplay between porosity, grain size, and grain boundary fracture energy, with fine‐grained ceramics (grain size < 10 µm) showing a sharp decrease in fracture toughness as porosity increases, while coarser‐grained ceramics are less affected by porosity. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the microstructural optimization needed to enhance the thermal shock resistance of high‐performance porous ceramics.
Intraoral scanning for implant‐supported complete‐arch fixed dental prostheses (ISCFDPs): Four clinical reports
Authors: Nagai Toshiki , Liu Weiqing , Yang Chao‐Chieh , Polido Waldemar D. , Morton Dean , Lin Wei‐Shao
Published: November 2024

Although there are difficulties with using intraoral scans for implant‐supported complete‐arch fixed dental prostheses (ISCFDPs), several commercially available systems have become helpful in simplifying the treatment process in the prosthetic phase. These systems help patients move from interim ISCFDPs to receiving definitive prostheses in just three clinical visits. This clinical report summarizes the indications, benefits, and limitations of the four systems. The information provided in this report about the digital prosthetic workflow of ISCFDPs aims to help clinicians make well‐informed choices and improve treatment results. With digital technologies advancing, refining these tools and protocols, and validating research is crucial for continued evolution in the field.
Primary School Pupils' Perceptions and Experiences of Wearable Technologies
Authors: Wort Georgina K , Wiltshire Gareth , Sebire Simon , Peacock Oliver , Thompson Dylan
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Wearable technologies offer new opportunities to address in‐school physical inactivity. However, children are often excluded from discussing issues which directly impact them, including the use of wearable technologies in a school setting. Thus, the aim of this study is to understand primary school pupils' experiences and perceptions of using wearable physical activity monitoring technologies within schools.

METHODS

Nine semi‐structured focus groups were conducted with 41 Year 5 and 6 pupils (19 girls, 22 boys) from 5 primary schools in the South West of England. Focus group transcripts were analyzed using a reflective thematic approach.

RESULTS

Pupils made valuable contributions to discussions around wearable technologies, considering both advantages and disadvantages. Most importantly, when discussing use in schools, pupils were mindful that while they wanted to see their own activity and saw benefit in teachers knowing their activity, they felt comparisons in classes could lead to negative emotions for some pupils.

CONCLUSION

The findings from this study can contribute to a more detailed understanding of pupils' perspectives, which can help inform school‐based interventions which aim to address physical inactivity and associated inequalities. Instead of using wearable devices for individual pupil ownership, schools should access data‐insights with the intention of changing school practices.
Women's dietary diversity is associated with homestead production and market access: A cross‐sectional study in rural Rwanda
Authors: Dusingizimana Theogene , Nduwayezu Gilbert , Kjelqvist Tomas
Published: November 2024

Dietary diversity has been widely used as a proxy indicator for micronutrient adequacy. In low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), including Rwanda, women are at high risk of inadequate micronutrient intake resulting from poorly diversified diets. This study was conducted to examine the factors associated with women's dietary diversity, with emphasis on homestead production diversity and market access in the Northern Province of Rwanda. A cross‐sectional design was used, involving 606 women aged 18–49 years. Linear regression analyses were performed to examine the association between various factors and women's dietary diversity. Results show that 84% of the sample households raised at least one livestock species. Seventy‐one percent of the households had no agricultural land. Eighty percent of those without land had a homestead garden on which they grew food crops, mainly vegetables and fruit trees. The average crop species was 2.3. On average, women consumed 3 out of 9 food groups. The homestead production diversity score was positively associated with women's dietary diversity score (β = 0.16, p < 0.001). Women's dietary diversity score was negatively associated with distance from the household to the nearest market (β = −0.08, p = 0.027) and household food insecurity (β = −0.06, p < 0.001). Maternal education (p < 0.001), household wealth index (p < 0.05), and ownership of more than 2.5 acres compared to being without land (p < 0.05) were associated with women's dietary diversity score. The dietary diversity of women could be enhanced through interventions that promote the diversity of livestock and crop species produced through homestead production. Potential interventions to explore may include integrated farming systems that combine small livestock and crop production utilising improved livestock breeds and high‐quality seeds and planting materials of high‐yielding varieties of fruits and vegetables, along with rainwater harvesting to facilitate small‐scale irrigation. The impact of such interventions on women's dietary diversity can be further reinforced by parallel programmes aimed at improving women's education and the socioeconomic status of households.
StCDF1: A ‘jack of all trades’ clock output with a central role in regulating potato nitrate reduction activity
Authors: Shaikh Maroof Ahmed , Ramírez‐Gonzales Lorena , Franco‐Zorrilla José M. , Steiner Evyatar , Oortwijn Marian , Bachem Christian W. B. , Prat Salomé
Published: November 2024

Transcription factors of the CYCLING DOF FACTOR (CDF) family activate in potato the SP6A FT tuberization signal in leaves. In modern cultivars, truncated StCDF1.2 alleles override strict SD control by stabilizing the StCDF1 protein, which leads to StCOL1 suppression and impaired activation of the antagonic SP5G paralog.

By using DAP‐seq and RNA‐seq studies, we here show that StCDF1 not only acts as an upstream regulator of the day length pathway but also directly regulates several N assimilation and transport genes.

StCDF1 directly represses expression of NITRATE REDUCTASE (NR/NIA), which catalyses the first reduction step in nitrate assimilation, and is encoded by a single potato locus. StCDF1 knock‐down lines performed better in N‐limiting conditions, and this phenotype correlated with derepressed StNR expression. Also, deletion of the StNR DAP‐seq region abolished repression by StCDF1, while it did not affect NLP7‐dependent activation of the StNR promoter.

We identified multiple nucleotide polymorphisms in the DAP‐seq region in potato cultivars with early StCDF1 alleles, suggesting that this genetic variation was selected as compensatory mechanism to the negative impact of StCDF1 stabilization. Thereby, directed modification of the StCDF1‐recognition elements emerges as a promising strategy to enhance limiting StNR activity in potato.
From synthetic communities to synthetic ecosystems: exploring causalities in plant–microbe–environment interactions
Authors: Chesneau Guillaume , Herpell Johannes , Garrido‐Oter Rubén , Hacquard Stéphane
Published: November 2024

The plant microbiota research field has rapidly shifted from efforts aimed at gaining a descriptive understanding of microbiota composition to a focus on acquiring mechanistic insights into microbiota functions and assembly rules. This evolution was driven by our ability to establish comprehensive collections of plant‐associated microbes and to reconstruct meaningful microbial synthetic communities (SynComs). We argue that this powerful deconstruction–reconstruction strategy can be used to reconstitute increasingly complex synthetic ecosystems (SynEcos) and mechanistically understand high‐level biological organization. The transitioning from simple to more advanced, fully tractable and programmable gnotobiotic SynEcos is ongoing and aims at rationally simplifying natural ecosystems by engineering them. Such reconstitution ecology approaches represent an untapped strategy for bridging the gap between ecology and functional biology and for unraveling plant–microbiota–environment mechanisms that modulate ecosystem health, assembly, and functioning.
Refractive development II: Modelling normal and myopic eye growth
Authors: Rozema Jos J. , Farzanfar Arezoo
Published: November 2024

Purpose

During refractive development, eye growth is controlled by a combination of genetically pre‐programmed processes and retinal feedback to minimise the refractive error. This work presents a basic differential model of how this process may take place.

Methods

The description starts from two bi‐exponential descriptions of the axial power Pax (or dioptric distance) and total refractive power Peye, the difference between which corresponds with the spherical refractive error S. This description is rewritten as an ordinary differential equation and supplemented by a retinal feedback function that combines retinal blur (closed loop) with a term describing excessive axial growth (open loop). This model is controlled by a total of 18 parameters that allow for a wide variety of developmental behaviours.

Results

The proposed model reproduces refractive development growth curves found in the literature for both healthy and myopic eyes. An early onset of myopisation, a large growth term and a high minimum for the crystalline lens power all lead to higher degrees of myopia. Assigning more importance to the feedback than to the pre‐programmed growth makes the model more sensitive to myopogenic influences. Applying refractive corrections to the model, undercorrection is found to produce more myopia. The model compensates for a low‐powered imposed lens and can return to (near) emmetropia if that imposed lens is removed quickly thereafter. Finally, simulating the effect of a diffuser leads to high myopia.

Conclusion

Using a series of basic assumptions, the proposed model recreates many well‐known experimental and clinical results about refractive development from the literature while placing them in a standardised context. This contributes to a broader understanding of the origins of refractive errors, and future versions may help in the development of solutions for myopia control.
Wheat TaPYL9‐involved signalling pathway impacts plant drought response through regulating distinct osmotic stress‐associated physiological indices
Authors: Zhang Yanyang , Zhao Yingjia , Hou Xiaoyang , Zhang Chunlin , Wang Ziyi , Zhang Jiaqi , Liu Xianchang , Shi Xinxin , Duan Wanrong , Xiao Kai
Published: November 2024

The abscisic acid (ABA) signalling pathway plays a crucial role in plants’ response to drought stress. In this study, we aimed to characterize the impact of an ABA signalling module, which consisted of TaPYL9 and its downstream partners in Triticum aestivum, on plant drought adaptation. Our results showed that TaPYL9 protein contains conserved motifs and targets plasma membrane and nucleus after being sorted by the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, TaPYL9 transcripts in both roots and leaves were significantly upregulated in response to drought stress. We conducted glucuronidase (GUS) histochemical staining analysis for transgenic plants carrying a truncated TaPYL9 promoter, which suggested that cis‐elements associate with ABA and drought response, such as ABRE, DRE and recognition sites MYB and MYC, regulating the gene transcription under drought conditions. Using protein interaction assays (i.e., yeast two‐hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) and in vitro pull‐down), we demonstrated interactions between the intermediate segment of TaPYL9, the intermediate segment of TaPP2C6, the N‐terminus of TaSnRK2.8 and the C‐terminus of the transcription factor TabZIP1 in wheat, indicating the involvement of TaPYL9 in the constitution of an ABA signalling module, namely TaPYL9/TaPP2C6/TaSnRK2.8/TabZIP1. Transgene analysis revealed that TaPYL9, TaSnRK2.8 and TabZIP1 positively regulated drought response, while TaPP2C6 negatively regulated it, and that these genes were closely associated with the regulation of stomata movement, osmolyte accumulation and ROS homeostasis. Electrophoretic mobility shift (EMSA) and transcriptioal activation assays indicated that TabZIP1 interacted promoters of TaP5CS2, TaSLAC1‐1 and TaCAT2 and activated transcription of these genes, which regulated proline biosynthesis, stomata movement and ROS scavenging upon drought signalling, respectively. Furthermore, we found that the transcripts of TaPYL9 and stress‐responsive genes were positively correlated with yields in wheat cultivars under field drought conditions. Altogether, our findings suggest that the TaPYL9‐involved signalling pathway significantly regulates drought response by modulating osmotic stress‐associated physiological processes in T. aestivum.
Nurturing Youth: Ethical Considerations in Pediatric Skincare Marketing
Authors: Madhumita Monisha , Ponnarasu Subitchan
Published: November 2024

In today's beauty‐obsessed culture, children are increasingly targeted by skincare marketing, raising significant ethical concerns. The trend of children adopting skincare routines focused on anti‐aging and skin lightening impacts their mental health and self‐esteem, often imposing unattainable beauty standards. Marketing practices in the digital age frequently violate the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) Framework for Responsible Marketing Communication. Disparities in skincare marketing particularly affect children in low‐ and middle‐income countries. There is an urgent need for stringent regulations, enhanced media literacy education, and ethical marketing practices to safeguard young consumers and prioritize their well‐being and dignity.
Fear of the Cancer Coming Back: A Metasynthesis of Fear of Recurrence in Breast Cancer
Authors: Wang Kai‐Yue , Li Hui , Qin Nan
Published: November 2024

Objective

This review aimed to consolidate existing knowledge on this phenomenon by incorporating direct testimonies from individuals who have experienced breast cancer.

Methods

A thorough metasynthesis of qualitative studies was conducted. English articles published prior to September 18 2023 were searched from eight databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, the Chinese biomedical literature service system, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Wanfang Database, and the Wipu Database. After screening the titles, abstracts, and full texts, six articles were finally included in the quality appraisal and metaaggregation.

Results

A total of 30 research findings were distilled and integrated into three themes: causes of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR); feelings of FCR; coping with FCR; and six subthemes: disease treatment factors; psychological factors; FCR is worry and fear; overcoming; negative response; positive response.

Conclusions

FCR is a subjective feeling; it is influenced by the interplay between the external environment (adjuvant therapy) and internal environment (psychological factors). Therefore, future care measures should be designed comprehensively, considering the individual characteristics of breast cancer survivors and the external environment. This could be the primary focus for addressing FCR in cancer patients in the future.
Community Nursing Practice in Hypertension Management in China: Qualitative Analysis Using a Bourdieusian Framework
Authors: Li Bo
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study explores the practices of Chinese community nurses in hypertension management, using Pierre Bourdieu's theory of practice to understand how their routines are shaped by sociocultural and institutional forces, along with their professional dispositions.

Design

A qualitative descriptive study was conducted in Shenzhen, China, between March and June 2024, and is reported following the COREQ guidelines.

Sample

Eighteen nurses, each with at least 1 year of full‐time experience in hypertension care within the local community healthcare system, were recruited from a participant pool established through prior research.

Measurements

Face‐to‐face individual semistructured interviews were conducted using a structured interview protocol, and data were analyzed through thematic analysis.

Results

Community nurses face tensions between traditional health beliefs and modern hypertension care, as well as institutional pressures that prioritize efficiency over personalized care. Power imbalances, particularly the authority of doctors, complicate their role. However, nurses adapt their care strategies through embodied practices, balancing clinical standards with patient needs.

Conclusions

Community nurses are not mere enforcers of guidelines but adaptive professionals who navigate complex sociocultural norms, institutional demands, and power dynamics in hypertension care. This study underscores the necessity for flexible, culturally sensitive practices to improve public health outcomes.
Mito‐TEMPO Demonstrates Protective Effect Against Ultraviolet Radiation‐Induced Skin Damage in Wistar Rats
Authors: Shetty Sachin , Deepak Kingsly , Tambe Prasad Kisan , Udupi Anushree , Bharati Sanjay
Published: November 2024

Background

Mitochondria could be an important target for ultraviolet radiation (UVR)‐induced skin damage. Therefore, protecting mitochondria using mitochondria‐targeted antioxidants may protect skin from UV‐induced photodamage.

Methods

In the present study, UVR‐induced skin damage model was developed by irradiating male Wistar rats with UVB at a dose of 120 mJ/cm2, twice a week for a period of 5 weeks. Mito‐TEMPO was administered intraperitoneally (0.1 mg/kg b.w.) twice a week for 5 weeks. After 5 weeks of treatment period, animals were sacrificed and the dorsal skin tissues were collected. Physical examinations of the skin for analyzing wrinkle formation and epidermal thickening were carried out. Skin tissues were used for the evaluation of histopathological changes, mitochondrial dysfunction analysis, and mitochondrial membrane potential.

Results

Physical and histological examination showed that mito‐TEMPO protected from the damaging effect of UVB radiation. A significant increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) generation with a concomitant increase in mitochondrial lipid peroxidation (mtLPO) was observed in UV‐irradiated groups. UV‐induced generation of mtROS and mtLPO formation was effectively reduced by mito‐TEMPO. Mito‐TEMPO pre‐treatment improved mitochondrial complex II activity, which was significantly reduced in the UV‐irradiated group.

Conclusion

The results suggested that mito‐TEMPO effectively protected skin tissue against UV‐induced oxidative stress and damage.
GATA3 expression in tumor‐infiltrating mononuclear inflammatory cells is associated with poor prognostic factors in tubo‐ovarian carcinomas
Authors: Nili Fatemeh , Mirzaian Elham , Doustmohammadi Tahereh , Moradpanah Somayeh , Ameli Fereshteh , Sarmadi Soheila , Momeni Niusha
Published: November 2024

The study investigated the expression of GATA3, a transcription factor involved in immune regulation, in tubo‐ovarian carcinomas and its association with clinicopathological factors and prognosis. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 91 tubo‐ovarian carcinoma samples to determine the presence of GATA3‐positive inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment. A threshold of 10% or higher was considered a positive expression. The results showed that 46.7% of tubo‐ovarian carcinomas exhibited positive expression of GATA3 in inflammatory cells. There was no significant difference in GATA3 expression between patients who received pre‐surgical chemotherapy and those who underwent primary surgery. However, high‐grade serous carcinomas had a significantly higher proportion of GATA3‐positive inflammatory cells compared to other subtypes. Advanced‐stage tumors (stage III) had a higher percentage of GATA3‐positive inflammatory cells compared to stage II and I tumors. Patients with positive GATA3 expression had a significantly lower disease‐free survival rate. However, there was no significant association between GATA3 expression and chemotherapy response score. These findings suggest that increased expression of GATA3 in mononuclear inflammatory cells is associated with higher grade, advanced stage, and increased risk of recurrence in tubo‐ovarian carcinoma. This implies that heightened GATA3 expression negatively impacts anti‐tumor immunity, tumor growth progression, and invasiveness in tubo‐ovarian carcinomas.
Characterization of virus species associated with sweet potato virus disease in Costa Rica and riboprobe development for its rapid detection
Authors: Méndez‐Navarro Daniela , Chacón‐Cerdas Randall , Alvarado‐Ulloa Carlos , Camacho‐Montero José Roberto , Sánchez‐Navarro Jesús Ángel , Alvarado‐Marchena Luis
Published: November 2024

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is a crucial crop for food security and economic stability in many regions, including Costa Rica. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and genetic diversity of two major viruses associated with sweet potato virus disease (SPVD) in Costa Rica: sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) and sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV). A total of 50 leaf samples displaying typical viral disease symptoms were collected from major sweet potato‐growing regions. Using multiplex reverse transcription (RT)‐PCR, SPFMV was detected in 82% of the samples and SPCSV in 52%, with a coinfection rate of 48%. Genetic analysis revealed that SPFMV isolates belonged predominantly to phylogenetic group B, while SPCSV isolates clustered with the West African (WA) strain. The low genetic diversity within these viral populations suggests a limited number of initial infection events followed by local spread. Riboprobe technology was evaluated as an alternative to RT‐PCR for virus detection. While the riboprobes for SPFMV demonstrated sensitivity comparable to RT‐PCR, the SPCSV riboprobes showed slightly lower sensitivity, particularly when using crude leaf extracts. Despite this, riboprobes offer significant advantages in terms of cost and ease of use for large‐scale screening. Our findings underscore the need for robust diagnostic and management strategies to control SPVD and highlight the importance of continuous monitoring and research to mitigate the impact of viral diseases on sweet potato production in Costa Rica. These insights contribute to the global understanding of SPVD and support collaborative efforts in plant pathology research.
The Discretionary Power of Street‐Level Bureaucrats From the Perspective of Illusio
Authors: Crosby Andrew
Published: November 2024

Interrogating the tension between care and control in the work of social services staff in Belgian immigration detention centres, this article sheds light on the uses of discretion from the perspective of Bourdieu's concept of illusio. I argue that social services staff's use of discretionary power must be understood at the crossroads of their belief in their professional ethos and the power relations within these centres, which enabled them to frame the element of control as something they had to deal with professionally, rather than something to which they contributed. This sheds light on both the uses of discretion as well as on the articulation of care and control in border humanitarianism.
Simulation‐based assessment in the context of paramedic education: A scoping review
Authors: Bell Steve
Published: November 2024

Objective

Simulation is a widespread modality in the field of medical education. Within the paramedic sphere, simulation is valuable in providing exposure to high‐acuity, low occurrence incidents encountered rarely in practice, affording unique educational opportunities. Recognising this importance, this scoping review seeks to establish the contemporaneous evidence base for the use of simulation‐based assessment in the context of paramedic education, systematically map the research done in this area and consider the implications for future educational programmes.

Methods

A scoping review of peer, and non‐peer reviewed literature across a broad range of medical literature databases for both published and grey material utilising previously published search filters for the paramedic field. The review was conducted aligned to the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. Studies were selected based on relevance to the research question.

Results

Twenty four unique papers were identified, filtered via the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria to five included papers. The application of forward snowballing methodology revealed three additional papers included for appraisal. Thematic analysis of the eight papers revealed the domains of assessment acceptability and assessment validity as key considerations for the design and use of simulation‐based assessment in the field.

Conclusion

Simulation‐based assessment has a role in paramedic education; additional research is necessary to empirically establish the validity and reliability of the modality in the field.
Implementation of digital chest radiography for childhood tuberculosis diagnosis at district hospital level in six high tuberculosis burden and resources limited countries
Authors: Melingui Bernard Fortune , Basant Joshi , Taguebue Jean voisin , Massom Douglas Mbang , Leroy Terquem Etienne , Norval Pierre Yves , Salomao Angelica , Dim Bunnet , Tek Chhen Eap , Borand Laurence , Khosa Celso , Moh Raoul , Mwanga‐Amumpere Juliet , Eang Mao Tan , Manhiça Ivan , Mustapha Ayeshatu , Balestre Eric , Beneteau Samuel , Wobudeya Eric , Marcy Olivier , Orne‐Gliemann Joanna , Bonnet Maryline ,   the TB‐Speed Decentralization Study Group
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Chest x‐ray (CXR) plays an important role in childhood tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis, but access to quality CXR remains a major challenge in resource‐limited settings. Digital CXR (d‐CXR) can solve some image quality issues and facilitate their transfer for quality control. We assess the implementation of introducing d‐CXR in 12 district hospitals (DHs) in 2021–2022 across Cambodia, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Mozambique, Sierra Leone and Uganda as part of the TB‐speed decentralisation study on childhood TB diagnosis.

Methods

For digitisation of CXR, digital radiography (DR) plates were setup on existing analogue radiography devices. d‐CXR were transferred to an international server at Bordeaux University and downloaded by sites' clinicians for interpretation. We assessed the uptake and performance of CXR services and health care workers' (HCW) perceptions of d‐CXR implementation. We used a convergent mixed method approach utilising process data, individual interviews with 113 HCWs involved in performing or interpreting d‐CXRs and site support supervision reports.

Results

Of 3104 children with presumptive TB, 1642 (52.9%) had at least one d‐CXR, including 1505, 136 and 1 children with one, two and three d‐CXRs, respectively, resulting in a total of 1780 d‐CXR. Of them, 1773 (99.6%) were of good quality and 1772/1773 (99.9%) were interpreted by sites' clinicians. One hundred and sixty‐four children had no d‐CXR performed despite attending the radiography department: 126, 37 and 1 with one, two and three attempts, respectively. d‐CXRs were not performed in 21.6% (44/203) due to connectivity problem between the DR plate captor and the computer. HCW reported good perceptions of d‐CXR and of the DR plates provided. The main challenge was the upload to and download from the server of d‐CXRs due to limited internet access.

Conclusion

d‐CXR using DR plates was feasible at DH level and provided good quality images but required overcoming operational challenges.
Improvement in photosynthesis under different light intensities is highly linked to domestication stages in cotton
Authors: Lei Zhangying , Jia Mengmeng , Wang Heng , Carriquí Marc , Niinemets Ülo , Chen Yunrui , He Yang , Li Ziliang , Sun Dongsheng , He Ziqi , Li Xiafei , He Daohua , Zhang Wangfeng , Liu Fang , Zhang Yali
Published: November 2024

Domestication has dramatically increased crop size and biomass, reflecting the enhanced accumulation of photosynthates. However, we still lack solid empirical data on the impacts of domestication on photosynthetic rates at different light intensities and on leaf anatomy, and of the relationships of photosynthesis with aboveground biomass. In this study, we measured the photosynthetic rate at three photosynthetic photon flux densities of 2000 (high), 1000 (moderate) and 400 μmol m−2 sec−1 (low light intensity), dark respiration, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), leaf morphology, and aboveground biomass in 40 wild, 91 semiwild, and 42 domesticated cotton genotypes. The study was replicated for two years (growing years 2018 and 2019). During the first domestication stage (transition from wild to semiwild genotypes), domestication led to higher photosynthetic rates measured under high light intensity, higher SPAD, larger leaf area (LA), and lower leaf mass per unit area (LMA), contributing to greater aboveground biomass accumulation in both study years. During the second domestication stage (transition from semiwild to domesticated genotypes), domestication significantly enhanced photosynthesis under low light intensity and reduced LMA, which were associated with increased aboveground biomass in both study years. In conclusion, photosynthesis improvement at different light intensities has been a gradual domestication phase specific process with the rate of photosynthesis enhanced under high light during the first domestication stage, and under low light during the second domestication stage. We argue that these differences reflect a higher proportion of LA photosynthesizing under low light due to enhanced canopy expansion at the second domestication stage.
Genome‐wide associated study identifies FtPMEI13 gene conferring drought resistance in Tartary buckwheat
Authors: He Jiayue , Hao Yanrong , He Yuqi , Li Wei , Shi Yaliang , Khurshid Muhammad , Lai Dili , Ma Chongzhong , Wang Xiangru , Li Jinbo , Cheng Jianping , Fernie Alisdair R. , Ruan Jingjun , Zhang Kaixuan , Zhou Meiliang
Published: November 2024

Tartary buckwheat is known for its ability to adapt to intricate growth conditions and to possess robust stress‐resistant properties. Nevertheless, it remains vulnerable to drought stress, which can lead to reduced crop yield. To identify potential genes involved in drought resistance, a genome‐wide association study on drought tolerance in Tartary buckwheat germplasm was conducted. A gene encoding pectin methylesterase inhibitors protein (FtPMEI13) was identified, which is not only associated with drought tolerance but also showed induction during drought stress and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Further analysis revealed that overexpression of FtPMEI13 leads to improved drought tolerance by altering the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the levels of osmotically active metabolites. Additionally, FtPMEI13 interacts with pectin methylesterase (PME) and inhibits PME activity in response to drought stress. Our results suggest that FtPMEI13 may inhibit the activity of FtPME44/FtPME61, thereby affecting pectin methylesterification in the cell wall and modulating stomatal closure in response to drought stress. Yeast one‐hybrid, dual‐luciferase assays, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that an ABA‐responsive transcription factor FtbZIP46, could bind to the FtPMEI13 promoter, enhancing FtPMEI13 expression. Further analysis indicated that Tartary buckwheat accessions with the genotype resulting in higher FtPMEI13 and FtbZIP46 expression exhibited higher drought tolerance compared to the others. This suggests that this genotype has potential for application in Tartary buckwheat breeding. Furthermore, the natural variation of FtPMEI13 was responsible for decreased drought tolerance during Tartary buckwheat domestication. Taken together, these results provide basic support for Tartary buckwheat breeding for drought tolerance.
Effects of phosphorylation on CsTT12 transport function: A comparative phosphoproteomic analysis of flavonoid biosynthesis in tea plants (Camellia sinensis)
Authors: Wang Na‐Na , Xiu Ke‐Yan , Deng Min , Liu Qi‐Yun , Jin Di‐Di , Zhao Qiao‐Mei , Su Huang‐Qiang , Qiu Ting‐ting , Wang Hai‐Yan , Liu Ya‐Jun , Jiang Xiao‐Lan , Xia Tao , Gao Li‐Ping
Published: November 2024

Monomeric flavan‐3‐ols and their oligomeric forms, proanthocyanidins (PAs), are closely related to the bitterness of tea beverages. Monomeric flavan‐3‐ols are characteristic flavor compounds in tea. Increasing the content of PAs and anthocyanins enhances the resistance of tea plants to pathogen invasion but decreases the quality of tea beverages. MATE family transporters play a critical role in transferring monomeric flavan‐3‐ols and anthocyanins into vacuoles for storage or subsequent condensation into PAs. Their activities modulate the ratio of monomeric flavan‐3‐ols to PAs and increase anthocyanin content in tea plants. In this study, it was observed that the gene expression and protein phosphorylation level of the MATE transporter CsTT12, a vacuole‐localized flavonoid transporter, were notably upregulated following exogenous sucrose treatment, promoting PA synthesis in tea plants. Further analysis revealed that overexpression of CsTT12 and CsTT12S17D significantly increased the content of anthocyanins and PAs in plants, whereas CsTT12S17A did not. In CsTT12 knockdown plants, PA's accumulation decreased significantly, while monomeric catechin content increased. Moreover, phosphorylation modification enhanced the vacuolar membrane localization of CsTT12, whereas dephosphorylation weakened its vacuolar membrane localization. This study uncovers the crucial role of phosphorylation in flavonoid biosynthesis and provides insights into balancing quality improvements and resistance enhancement.
A factorization of the GJMS operators of special Einstein products and applications
Authors: Case Jeffrey S. , Malchiodi Andrea
Published: November 2024

We show that the GJMS operators of a special Einstein product factor as a composition of second‐ and fourth‐order differential operators. In particular, our formula applies to the Riemannian product . We also show that there is an integer such that if , then for any special Einstein product , the Green's function for the GJMS operator of order is positive. As a result, these products give new examples of closed Riemannian manifolds for which the ‐Yamabe problem is solvable.
Equivariant orientation of vector bundles over disconnected base spaces
Authors: Bhattacharya Prasit , Zou Foling
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we view the equivariant orientation theory of equivariant vector bundles from the lenses of equivariant Picard spectra. This viewpoint allows us to identify, for a finite group , a precise condition under which an ‐orientation of a ‐equivariant vector bundle is encoded by a Thom class. Consequently, we are able to construct a generalization of the first Stiefel–Whitney class of a “homogeneous” ‐equivariant bundle with respect to an ‐ring spectrum . As an application, we show that the 2‐fold direct sum of any homogeneous bundle is ‐orientable, where is the Burnside Mackey functor. We notice that ‐orientability is equivalent to ‐orientability when the order of is odd. When the order of is even, we show that a ‐equivariant analog of the tautological line bundle over is ‐orientable but not ‐orientable.
The slice spectral sequence for a motivic analogue of the connective K(1)$K(1)$‐local sphere
Authors: Kong Hana Jia , Quigley J. D.
Published: November 2024

We compute the 2‐adic effective slice spectral sequence (ESSS) for the motivic stable homotopy groups of , a motivic analogue of the connective ‐local sphere over prime fields of characteristic not two. Together with the analogous computation over algebraically closed fields, this yields information about the motivic ‐local sphere over arbitrary base fields of characteristic not two. To compute the spectral sequence, we prove several results that may be of independent interest. We describe the ‐differentials in the slice spectral sequence in terms of the motivic Steenrod operations over general base fields, building on analogous results of Ananyevskiy, Röndigs, and Østvær for the very effective cover of Hermitian K‐theory. We also explicitly describe the coefficients of certain motivic Eilenberg–MacLane spectra and compute the ESSS for the very effective cover of Hermitian K‐theory over prime fields.
Fundamental frequency predominantly drives talker differences in auditory brainstem responses to continuous speech
Authors: Polonenko Melissa J. , Maddox Ross K.
Published: November 2024

Deriving human neural responses to natural speech is now possible, but the responses to male- and female-uttered speech have been shown to differ. These talker differences may complicate interpretations or restrict experimental designs geared toward more realistic communication scenarios. This study found that when a male talker and a female talker had the same fundamental frequency, auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were very similar. Those responses became smaller and later with increasing fundamental frequency, as did click ABRs with increasing stimulus rates. Modeled responses suggested that the speech and click ABR differences were reasonably predicted by peripheral and brainstem processing of stimulus acoustics.
Moving Beyond Mean Levels: Associations Between Subject-Level Variability in Psychological Determinants and Physical Activity in Older Adults
Authors: Maher Jaclyn P. , Labban Jeffrey D. , Hudgins Brynn L. , Hevel Derek J. , Bittel Kelsey M. , Kennedy-Malone Laurie , Hedeker Donald
Published: November 2024

Background: Research investigating the psychological determinants of physical activity (PA) tends to conceptualize determinants as stable, trait-like factors. Growing evidence suggests that people and the processes that regulate people’s behavior fluctuate over short timescales (eg, hours and days). This study explores the extent to which subject-level variability (vs stability) in determinants of PA, as well as the interaction between subject-level mean and variability in those determinants, is associated with moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) in older adults. Methods: Older adults (N = 202) enrolled in a measurement burst design study with 3 data collection waves occurring over a 1-year period. Each data collection wave consisted of accelerometers and ecological momentary assessment to capture MVPA and psychological determinants of MVPA, respectively. Mixed-effects location scale modeling was first used to estimate subject-level means and variability in psychological determinants. These estimates were then used as predictors of daily MVPA using multilevel modeling. Results: Subject-level variability in PA intentions (β = 0.199, SE = 0.062, P = .001), self-efficacy (β = 0.133, SE = 0.064, P = .037), and planning (β = 0.154, SE = 0.062, P = .014) were positively associated with daily MVPA. Associations between subject-level variability in PA intentions and self-efficacy decreased in strength, becoming nonsignificant at higher mean levels of PA intentions (β = −0.147, SE = 0.062, P = .018) and self-efficacy (β = −0.116, SE = 0.063, P = .062). Conclusions: Greater subject-level variability in psychological determinants may be adaptive for PA engagement, especially among older adults experiencing low levels of those determinants. Moving beyond mean levels to include subject-level variability in psychological determinants of PA may help to improve our understanding of the processes that drive PA engagement.
Caesarean scar endometriosis: how to make an accurate diagnosis
Authors: Rodrigo Senapathige Nilan Kalidasa , Kumarasinghe Iranthi , Gunasekera Eranda Diyagama
Published: November 2024

Caesarean scar endometriosis is a rare condition characterised by the presence of endometrial tissue within a surgical scar following a caesarean section. A woman in her late 30s presented with a painful lump beneath her caesarean section skin scar, worsening during menstruation. Despite a previous incision and drainage procedure for a ‘scar abscess’, the symptoms persisted. Ultrasound imaging revealed a cystic lesion beneath the scar. A diagnosis of scar endometriosis was made, and surgical excision was performed. The patient remained symptom-free at 2-year follow-up postsurgery. Histopathology confirmed the presence of endometrial glands and stroma within the scar tissue. This case demonstrates that a reliable diagnosis of caesarean section endometriosis could be made with a triad of symptoms of a cyclic painful mass at the site of a caesarean section scar. Imaging is helpful in excluding other differential diagnoses. Diagnosis can be confirmed with histopathology and treated with complete surgical excision.
Petticoat cancer: Marjolin ulcer of the waist in South Asian women (a site-specific malignancy)
Authors: Rusia Kaveri , Madke Bhushan , Kumar Piyush , Kashikar Yash
Published: November 2024

A saree is a garment worn by women in the Indian subcontinent. It is usually wrapped around the body and secured over an ankle-length skirt (a petticoat). The petticoat is usually tied very tightly around the waist with a cord. The tight cord of the petticoat often leads to dermatoses related to chronic friction and maceration, resulting in dermatitis and depigmentation. In rare cases, chronic friction may lead to the development of squamous cell carcinoma. In the literature, these skin lesions, including malignant transformation, have been described as ‘saree cancers’, but it is the tightness of the cord tied around the waist that results in chronic inflammation that may result in malignant transformation. We report two cases of squamous cell carcinoma in women associated with tight petticoat cord ties—‘petticoat’ cancer.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome presenting with massive oesophageal bleeding
Authors: Seubsung Atcha
Published: November 2024

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a severe adverse drug reaction affecting the skin and mucosal membranes, characterised by lesions covering less than 10% of the body’s surface. Although gastrointestinal (GI) complications are usually mild, severe GI involvement can be life-threatening. A woman in her 30s with end-stage renal disease developed sepsis from methicillin-sensitiveStaphylococcus aureus. After 15 days of hospitalisation and antibiotic treatment, she developed new skin lesions, followed by massive GI bleeding and haemodynamic instability. Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed necrotic plaques and mucosal sloughing along the oesophagus. Skin biopsy results confirmed SJS. Despite intensive care and multiple blood transfusions, she required intravenous dexamethasone. The patient improved and was discharged after 6 weeks. SJS can lead to serious complications, including rare but potentially life-threatening GI involvement. Effective management involves drug withdrawal, intensive care, immunosuppression and symptomatic treatment.
From prediction to practice: mitigating bias and data shift in machine-learning models for chemotherapy-induced organ dysfunction across unseen cancers
Authors: Watson Matthew , Chambers Pinkie , Steventon Luke , Harmsworth King James , Ercia Angelo , Shaw Heather , Al Moubayed Noura
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Routine monitoring of renal and hepatic function during chemotherapy ensures that treatment-related organ damage has not occurred and clearance of subsequent treatment is not hindered; however, frequency and timing are not optimal. Model bias and data heterogeneity concerns have hampered the ability of machine learning (ML) to be deployed into clinical practice. This study aims to develop models that could support individualised decisions on the timing of renal and hepatic monitoring while exploring the effect of data shift on model performance.

Methods and analysis

We used retrospective data from three UK hospitals to develop and validate ML models predicting unacceptable rises in creatinine/bilirubin post cycle 3 for patients undergoing treatment for the following cancers: breast, colorectal, lung, ovarian and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Results

We extracted 3614 patients with no missing blood test data across cycles 1–6 of chemotherapy treatment. We improved on previous work by including predictions post cycle 3. Optimised for sensitivity, we achieve F2 scores of 0.7773 (bilirubin) and 0.6893 (creatinine) on unseen data. Performance is consistent on tumour types unseen during training (F2 bilirubin: 0.7423, F2 creatinine: 0.6820).

Conclusion

Our technique highlights the effectiveness of ML in clinical settings, demonstrating the potential to improve the delivery of care. Notably, our ML models can generalise to unseen tumour types. We propose gold-standard bias mitigation steps for ML models: evaluation on multisite data, thorough patient population analysis, and both formalised bias measures and model performance comparisons on patient subgroups. We demonstrate that data aggregation techniques have unintended consequences on model bias.