bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Funciones de volumen, factores de forma y modelos de crecimiento diametral para rodales de lingue y mañio
Authors: Santelices M. Rómulo
Published: July 2021

En el presente trabajo se entregan antecedentes relativos al crecimiento, volumen y forma de las especies Lingue (Persea lingue) y mañío (Podocarpus nubigena), ubicadas en la Precordillera andina (área de Jauja) y en la Cordillera de la Costa (área de Cumleufú) respectivamente. El estudio se realizó a nivel del árbol individual por medio del análisis de tallo. Se obtuvieron muestras de ambas especies y también información dasométrica de sus competidores. Por medio del análisis de regresión paso a paso se desarrollaron funciones de crecimiento, volumen total y por troza. También se calcularon los valores medios de los factores de forma natural y artificial.
Antecedentes básicos sobre el comportamiento estructural de diafragmas verticales solicitados por cargas horizontales inducidas en su plano
Authors: Carvallo A. Víctor A.
Published: July 2021

Este artículo entrega algunos antecedentes básicos del comportamiento estructural de paneles revestidos con placas y sometidos a carga horizontal en un plano. Se entrega la teoría fundamental para poder determinar la relación carga-deformación en muros de corte y se señala la metodología experimental actualmente en vigencia. La investigación ha demostrado que el mayor aporte en el desplazamiento horizontal de un panel viene dado por el corrimiento de sus fijaciones (sobre el 80%), por lo que es primordial su correcta evaluación. Este trabajo entrega cuatro tipos de ecuaciones que representan la curva carga-deformación de las fijaciones: exponencial, logarítmica, asintótica y tangente hiperbólica. La mejor predicción es entregada por la curva asintótica. Por otra parte la experiencia ha demostrado que la carga admisible recomendada para este tipo de panel, es aquella que induce una deformación de H/300, siendo H la altura del panel (8 mm. en muro de 240 cm. de alto).
Efecto del tratamiento de los residuos de explotación en el suelo y en el crecimiento inicial de Pinus radiata
Authors: Francke Campaña Samuel
Published: July 2021

En este estudio se evalúan los efectos de diferentes tratamientos de manejo y utilización de residuos de explotación en función de determinadas propiedades químicas del suelo, estado nutricional y crecimiento de plantaciones de Pinus radiata, en segunda rotación, durante el primer año de aplicación. Los lugares de ensayo se ubican en la Región del Biobío (37º 30' Lat. Sur) en la zona de secano interior de Arenales, en suelos de topografía plana con texturas arenosas (ensayo "Maquehua") y en la zona costera de Arauco, en suelos de topografía ondulada de texturas arcillosas (ensayo "La Colcha"). Los resultados de las variables analíticas edáficas, nutricionales y de crecimiento obtenidas, indican lo inadecuado de efectuar quemas controladas especialmente en suelos de texturas arenosas y su empleo como práctica definitiva en suelos de texturas arcillosas. En base a lo anterior, se recomienda el perfeccionamiento de la alternativa técnica de mantención de los residuos in situ (sin extracción de residuos y sin aplicación de quemas).
Antecedentes sobre la capacidad de retoñación de algunas especies del género Eucalyptus en Chile
Authors: Prado D. José Antonio , Bañados M. Juan Carlos , Bello D. Andrés
Published: July 2021

Se analiza la capacidad de retoñación de 5 especies del género Eucalyptus, E. delegatensis, E. globulus ssp. globulus, E. nitens, E. regnans y E. viminalis. Un año después de la corta sólo E. regnans no presentaba una retoñación suficiente como para asegurar la siguiente rotación de monte bajo. Las otras especies retoñaron bien, incluso E. nitens y E. delegatensis, especies que tradicionalmente se han considerado con ciertas limitaciones para rebrotar después de la corta.
Funciones de volumen, modelos de crecimiento y factor de forma para Drimys winteri Forst
Authors: Quiroz Marchant Iván
Published: July 2021

La capacidad colonizadora del Canelo (Drymis winteri Forst.) le ha permitido establecerse en forma pura o mezclada, predominando los bosques con desarrollo juvenil clasificados como renovales. Es un árbol que puede alcanzar alturas de 25 a 30 m, presenta tronco cilíndrico de hasta un 1 m de diámetro con corteza gruesa, lisa, blanda y de color gris ceniciento.
Funciones de biomasa de Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus en la región costera central
Authors: Prado D. José Antonio , Alarcón Araya César Christian
Published: July 2021

El Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus constituye un importante recurso forestal en la región costera central, principalmente en la Región de Valparaíso, en donde existen 21.376 ha de plantaciones, distribuidas en un importante número de pequeños y medianos propietarios, quienes se pueden ver beneficiados al disponer de una herramienta que les permita hacer una mejor estimación de la productividad de sus bosques. El presente estudio está basado en árboles de monte alto de tres rodales con edades entre 20 y 25 años, ubicados en la Región de Valparaíso.
The Conservation and Biogeography of Amphibians in the Caribbean
Authors: Ríos-López Neftalí
Published: July 2021

An expansive and detailed review of the biology of Caribbean amphibians, considering their threats, conservation and outlook in a changing world. Amphibians are the group of vertebrates undergoing the fastest rate of extinction; it is urgent that we understand the causes of this and find means of protecting them. This landmark illustrated volume brings together the leading experts in the field. As well as offering an overview of the region as a whole, individual chapters are devoted to each island or island-group and the measures used to protect their amphibians through legislation or nature reserves. The biological background of insular biogeography, including its methods, analysis and results, is reviewed and applied specifically to the problems of Caribbean amphibians – this includes a re-examination of patterns and general ideas about the status of amphibians in the Anthropocene. The Conservation and Biogeography of Amphibians in the Caribbean offers an important baseline against which future amphibian conservation can be measured in the face of climate change, rising sea level and a burgeoning human population.
Tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerin dünyadaki ve Türkiye’deki ekonomik durumu
Authors: Boztas Gulsum , Avcı A. Betül , Arabacı Olcay , Bayram Emine
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışmada dünya ve Türkiye ticaretinde önemli bir yere sahip olan bazı tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerin son beş yılına ait ithalat ve ihracat verileri sunulmuştur. Çalışma bulguları International Trade Center (ITC) ve Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK)’ndan elde edilen istatiksel veriler kullanılarak hazırlanmıştır. Tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler ve bu bitkilerden imal edilen ürünlerin ticaretine ilişkin verilerin 2001 yılı itibariyle Comtrade (International Trade Center-ITC) veri tabanında yer aldığı görülmüştür. Dünya tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler ve bunlardan elde edilen ürünlerin ihracat değeri 2001 yılında 48.7 milyar dolar iken, 2019 yılında bu değer 207.5 milyar dolara yükselmiştir. İthalat değerinde de aynı artış trendi yakalanmış olup 2001 yılında 48.9 milyar dolar olan değer 2019 yılında yaklaşık olarak dört kat artarak 205.9 milyar dolar olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Dünyada görülen artış eğilimi Türkiye dış ticaretinde de gözlenmiştir. Türkiye’de tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler ve ürünlerinin ihracat değeri 2001 yılında 143.6 milyon dolar iken, 2019 yılında 1.02 milyar dolara, ithalat değeri ise 2001 yılında 282.7 milyon dolar iken, 2019 yılında 1.36 milyar dolara yükselmiştir. Ülkemizde tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler ve ürünlerinin ihraç değerleri genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde yıllar itibariyle  en önemli artış uçucu yağlar ve rezinoitler, parfümeri, kozmetik vd. ürün grubunda gerçekleşmiştir. Bu ürün grubuna ilişkin ihraç değerleri 2001-2019 yılları arasında 83.6 milyon dolardan 829.4 milyon dolara ulaşmıştır.
Životni stilovi adolescenata u potrošački orijentiranom društvu
Authors: Matić Tandarić Marina
Published: July 2021

Životni stilovi omogućuju stabilizaciju identiteta tijekom intenzivnog razvojnog razdoblja

adolescencije te predstavljaju svojevrstan model ponašanja, stavova i orijentacija. Životni stil je sredstvo samoreprezentacije, karakterističan način ponašanja koji, osim bihevioralne komponente, uključuje i vrijednosti, identitet te resurse kojima pojedinac raspolaže. Postindustrijsko društvo karakterizira partikularnost mladenačkih stilova, a adolescenti imaju pristup i mogu participirati na globalnoj potrošačkoj sceni, gdje njihovi izbori postaju svojevrsne investicije. No njihovi izbori i obrasci potrošnje mogu biti izraz šireg strukturalnog iskustva i produkt manipulacije potrošačke industrije koja iznova nameće nove sadržaje kroz razne medije. Svrha rada je analizirati koncept životnoga stila u adolescenciji te promotriti životne stilove adolescenata u potrošački orijentiranom društvu. Osim pružanja uvida u koncept i načine posredovanja životnih stilova, navedene spoznaje daju uvid u adolescentsku svakodnevnicu te mogu pridonijeti preventivnom i/ ili odgojnom djelovanju odgojno-obrazovnih stručnjaka u kreiranju sadržaja u slobodno vrijeme.
Holizam ili cenzurizam? Komparativna analiza kurikula četvrtog modula zdravstvenog odgoja
Authors: Tomac Lucija
Published: July 2021

Rad se bavi komparativnom analizom kurikula četvrtog modula Zdravstvenog odgoja pod nazivom Spolna/rodna ravnopravnost i odgovorno spolno ponašanje, koji je na snazi bio u školskoj godini 2012./2013. i kurikula međupredmetne teme Zdravlje, koji je na snagu stupio 2019. godine. Rad problematizira razliku u koncepcijama kurikula, koja uključuje modularnu konceptualizaciju Zdravstvenog odgoja i međupredmetnu obradu teme Zdravlje. Sadržajna analiza kurikula pokazala je da se oba kurikula mogu kategorizirati u Tip 3 programa seksualne edukacije iako kurikul Spolne/rodne ravnopravnosti i odgovornog spolnog ponašanja predstavlja bolji primjer Tipa 3. Također, sadržajna analiza argumentirala je ubrajanje kurikula međupredmetne teme Zdravlje u generaciju proširenih programa, dok je kurikul Spolne/rodne ravnopravnosti i odgovornog spolnog ponašanja pripao generaciji teorijski utemeljenih programa. Analiza je pokazala evidentan nedostatak rodnih tema u međupredmetnoj temi Zdravlje, koje čine jednu od temeljnih karakteristika cjelovite seksualne edukacije, kao i dominantnu usmjerenost na tjelesne aspekte seksualnosti. U slučaju Spolne/rodne ravnopravnosti i odgovornog spolnog ponašanja tematika ovog tipa je zastupljenija i čini ga boljim primjerom kurikula koji teži istinskoj cjelovitoj seksualnoj edukaciji.
ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ КОМПЛЕКСНОЙ И КОМИССИОННОЙ СУДЕБНЫХ ЭКСПЕРТИЗ
Authors: Cataraga O.S, , Petkovich P.P., , Prisakaru V.A.
Published: July 2021

Вопросы научной и организационно-процессуальной классификации судебных экспертиз продолжают представлять практический интерес и требуют теоретического обоснования. В статье рассмотрены некоторые практические наблюдения по затронутой теме. В статье также проанализированы практические аспекты комплексной и комиссионной судебных экспертиз, проведен сравнительный анализ законодательных баз, изложены предложения по приведению в соответствии с гносеологическими требованиями ряда понятий.
Uvéite antérieure tuberculeuse chez un enfant au Centre de Santé de Référence de la Commune V du District de Bamako
Authors: Diarra M , Traore M , Sacko D , Toloba Y , Dao S S , OUMAR AA , Diakité AA , Dicko F
Published: July 2021

Introduction : La sphère oculaire est une localisation rare de la  tuberculose. Nous rapportons un cas de cette infection à  localisation oculaire chez une jeune fille malienne. Décrire les lésions oculaires au cours d'une infection tuberculeuse. Observation :Il s'agit d'une étude de cas clinique descriptive concernant une   fillette  de 13 ans,  reçue en consultation dans notre service pour rougeur et baisse de l'acuité à l'œil droit évoluant progressivement depuis quelques mois. Malgré les multiples consultations et traitements reçus, les symptômes persistaient et s'aggravaient insidieusement. Dans ses antécédents, nous n'avons pas trouvé de notion de traumatisme oculaire, ni de contage tuberculeux. L'examen  ophtalmologique révèle une uvéite antérieure granulomatose avec baisse importante de l'acuité visuelle. L'examen des crachats est négatif, en revanche, l'IDR à la tuberculine est phlycténulaire avec un diamètre d'induration > 35mm.  Le traitement anti tuberculeux selon le protocole du Programme Nationale de Lutte contre la Tuberculose (PNLT) a permis une amélioration clinique et fonctionnelle rapide, puis la guérison de la patiente. Conclusion : Le diagnostic de la tuberculose oculaire est difficile dans les pays en voie de développement. Il nécessite la mise à disposition de nouveaux outils diagnostics et une collaboration multidisciplinaire
Abcès de la prostate de découverte fortuite : A propos de deux cas
Authors: Kassogué A , Diarra A , Berthé HJG3 HJG , Diallo MS , Coulibaly MT , Cissé D
Published: July 2021

Introduction : l'abcès prostatique est une pathologie de plus en plus rare. Sa symptomatologie n'est pas spécifique. L'échographie endorectale et le scanner pelvien occupent une place de choix dans le diagnostic. Le traitement repose sur l'antibiothérapie adaptée et sur le drainage percutané par voie transpérinéale,  transrectale ou endoscopique. Observation : nous rapportons deux cas d'abcès de prostate, l'un des patients est âgé de 47 ans et l'autre 61 ans. Dans les deux cas, le diagnostic a été de découverte fortuite en per opératoire.  Le scanner abdominopelvien a posé le diagnostic de kyste de prostate chez l'un et une hypertrophie bénigne de la prostate chez l'autre par une échographie réno-vésico-prostatique. Le traitement a consisté en un drainage par chirurgie ouverte avec une antibiothérapie adaptée. L'évolution a été favorable dans les deux cas. Conclusion : l'abcès prostatique est une pathologie rare et sa symptomatologie clinique n'est pas spécifique. Dans notre cas, le diagnostic n'a pu être confirmé qu'en peropératoire et le traitement par chirurgie ouverte avec un bon résultat.
Profil de résistance aux bêta-lactamines des entérobactéries isolées des prélèvements urinaires à l'Hôpital du Mali
Authors: Kalambry Aime , Gaudré N , Drame Boubacar SI , Poudiougo A , Kassogué A , Koné H , Diarra A
Published: July 2021

Le but de cette étude était de déterminer le profil bactériologique et de résistance aux antibiotiques des entérobactéries isolées dans les prélèvements urinaires de l'Hôpital du Mali. Les méthodes conventionnelles d'isolement et d'identification de la bactériologie ont été utilisées. Les milieux et galeries suivants ont été utilisés pour l'identification et l'antibiogramme : Uriselect 4, urée-indole, Muëller Hinton, Api 20E, Api 20NE. Les tests de sensibilité aux antibiotiques et l'interprétation des résultats d'antibiogramme ont été effectués respectivement par la méthode de diff$usion des disques en milieu gélosé (de Kirby-Bauer) et selon les recommandations du Comité Antibiogramme de la Société Française de Microbiologie. Le sexe ratio H/F était de 0,8. L'âge moyen était de 36 ans. 30,0 % des patients avaient un âge supérieur à 50 ans. La prévalence des prélèvements positifs était de 18,5%. Les patients hospitalisés représentaient 63.2% de la population et provenaient du service de médecine interne (50,2%) et des services de chirurgie (35,1%). Seuls 2,0% des infections urinaires ont été retrouvées dans la tranche d'âge de 0 à 10 ans. Escherichia coli était le germe le plus isolé (42,9%) suivi de Klebsiella pneumoniae (16,3%). 70,0% des entérobactéries identifiées étaient résistantes à l'Amoxicilline + Acide clavulanique et 12,5% étaient productrices de BLSE. Aucune souche n'était résistante aux carbapénèmes. La prédominance des entérobactéries, un taux extrêmement élevé de résistance à l'Amoxicilline + Acide clavulanique et une prédominance des malades hospitalisés ont été constatés. La présente étude a mis en exergue l'évolution croissante des résistances bactériennes aux antibiotiques, qui nécessite des mesures adéquates.
La nueva normalidad: un debate epistemológico en torno al proceso de adaptación del mundo cultural a la pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Alarcón Rodríguez Estela
Published: July 2021

El texto introduce un debate en el que se relatan experiencias desplegadas por algunos agentes culturales a la pandemia COVID-19.
Caracterización analítica del lenguaje totalitario
Authors: Lorenzo López Gonzalo
Published: July 2021

Debido a la escasa bibliografía centrada en el lenguaje totalitario, este análisis procura explorar una caracterización práctica. Se ha ensayado justificar su teorización desde la historiografía del totalitarismo, la filosofía del lenguaje y ciertos apuntes teóricos y psicosociales. Se trata de una primera aproximación teórica y práctica, hacia una concepción analítica del concepto del lenguaje totalitario. Dado el carácter interdisciplinar de esta tarea, se pretende disgregar los diferentes conceptos que puedan encerrarse dentro de este tipo de lenguaje: los diferentes usos del lenguaje que modifican la percepción de la realidad, la construcción del totalitarismo en una serie de ideas de ingeniería social y ciertas ideas sobre la ideología, la legitimación y la aceptabilidad. Las primeras implicaciones teóricas parten de un modelo básico para satisfacer, en lo posible, un entramado teórico lo suficientemente estable y sólido. Así experimentar con una breve aproximación práctica sobre parte del esqueleto ideológico del franquismo. Por lo tanto, el objeto fundamental y final de este artículo será, mediante la aportación de unas características que limiten el concepto del lenguaje totalitario, elaborar un posible método de análisis básico de una estructura ideológica totalizadora. No se tenderá, por tanto, a un estudio sociológico de las consecuencias sociales del mismo.
Elementos para una poética de la esperanza: contenido proposicional y autonomía de la imagen
Authors: Pradier Sebastián Adrián
Published: July 2021

El objetivo del artículo consiste en presentar las bases para una poética de la esperanza, conforme a una estrategia de tres fases: en primer lugar, se estudia la discusión contemporánea del concepto de esperanza en el marco de la filosofía analítica y, en particular, se discuten las principales fortalezas y debilidades de la «descripción estándar» (standard account), conceptualización que goza de rango canónico; tras presentar las principales deficiencias del modelo, se discute, a continuación, el estatuto de las imágenes mentales como criterio definitorio en la definición de la esperanza a propósito de un trabajo de Luc Bovens sobre las deficiencias de la aproximación estándar, con el objetivo de poner de manifiesto la naturaleza proposicional del contenido mental de la esperanza; resuelta ya la neta separación entre las imágenes mentales adscritas a la esperanza y los respectivos contenidos discursivos consustanciales a ella, se propone y justifica la licencia de una poética de la esperanza en sus lineamentos básicos.
Communication, fear and collective trauma in first wave COVID-19 “double epidemic” in Italy: traces and clues
Authors: Nicolosi Guido
Published: July 2021

The Coronavirus epidemic has demonstrated just how unprepared our societies were for an occurrence of this kind. On March 2020, the Italian government was in fact the first in Europe to implement a strategy of lockdown on the whole national territory, not just in the areas where outbreaks occurred.  The coronavirus crisis was concentrated in a specific area: in particular, the region of Lombardy and some isolated provinces in the north of Italy. So Italy has suffered a “double” epidemic, but the strategy adopted was uniform and radical. This contribution does not focus on the effectiveness of the Italian strategy per sè. The aim is rather to analyse the Italian Case from the point of view of media and institutional communications with the intention of bringing to light some critical issues. In particular, here it is posited that emergency communication produced during the “first wave” of pandemic has significantly contributed to fostering a climate of anxiety and collective fear with possible traumatogenic consequences. Within an emergency context, communication can be the thin boundary line between collective trauma and resilience and covid 19 pandemic was also a public communication crisis. This essay tries to analyse some traumatogenetic issues of institutional and media communication during the coronavirus crisis in Italy. Below a non-exhaustive list of these issues: A dramatic center-periphery coordination deficit; Wavering institutional communication; The “numerological” hegemony"; The absence of an “exit strategy”.
An Assembly Approach for Determining the Maintainability index for Engineered Products
Authors: Emadi Jain
Published: July 2021

It is challenging for maintenance of activities to be assured during products’ life cycle when poor maintenance is the case. Poor maintenance of engineered products will lead to an increment in cost and time is fundamental in the development of maintainability tasks for engineering firms. Maintenance design had played a significant role in complex designing of engineering products. This research presents a critical approach to evaluate and determine a maintainability index using the assembly principle. Normally, time is a critical indicator and parameter being utilized to measure maintenance; however, minimal efforts have been focused on assembly components and the principle of assembly. In the past literature works, customer study and survey on the effects of operators’ skills have been done. In this research, maintainability index is determined. Every assembly type is weighted with reference to features such as assembly direction, costs and disassemblability. Resultantly, this research seeks to enhance the efficiency of maintenance of engineered products.
Industrial Cyber Physical System (ICPS) for the Control and Monitoring of Machines
Authors: Abildtrup Abdulhaq , Alminde Iben Charlotte
Published: July 2021

The Industrial Cyber Physical System (ICPS) for industrial monitoring applying wireless technology i.e. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). WSNs are a critical concern for engineering firms. There are various techniques incorporated in wireless networks for industrial application and machining in the modern age. In this research contribution, security protocols have been considered through the incorporation of novel design techniques for wireless industrial controlling and monitoring systems and eco-friendly machines. The wireless communication approaches are restricted to modest application due to their slow communication velocity, information security and communication distance. Moreover, they are influence by bad weather and noise conditions e.g. rain, fog and snow. This paper presents a proposal of a system for controls and monitoring of applications in engineering firms using Internet of Everything (IoE) and GPRS enhanced communication, high security measures and low costs without requiring infrastructural modification in the hardware of GSM operating segments.
The Concept of Sustainable Manufacturing Maturity System (SMMS)
Authors: Ali-Кhusein  , Urquhart
Published: July 2021

This paper addresses the concept of Sustainable Manufacturing (SM), which represents an innovation in the fields of engineering spanning in the service and product lifecycle. This concept focusses on minimizing negative impacts to the environment, natural resources and energy conservation to ensure consumers, communities and employees are sound, economically. The obligation towards SM is multidimensional. Engineering firms require effective tools that will plan for and assess SM’s maturity for achievement of intermediate, long-term and short-term objectives. These maturity models’ value will depend on consistent set of test models and performance indicators, which can be quantifiably evaluate with particular uncertainties. This research contribution proposes the Sustainable Manufacturing Maturity System (SMMS), with focus on efforts and concepts required for the development of the system. The proposed scheme is based on Lifecycle Management (LM) measurements, tools and techniques.
Metallurgy and Material Science an Detailed Analysis
Authors: J Sudha , K Ramya
Published: July 2021

In the history of metallurgy, Gold, cleaned from metal ores and melted, was the first metal used by humans. During the advent of civilization, copper was introduced through the reduction process of oxides in traditional furnace. This process was considered the first chemical process of producing metals, and this was used in 4000 BC. Nonetheless, this process was gradually superseded by bronze i.e. alloy of copper with 10% tin, which is easier to cast and melt. Bronze was obtained through the mixture of tine retrieved from its oxides during the process of reduction or from the reduction of copper mixtures and tin ores. This age of civilization, i.e. 2400 BC was known as the Bronze age. With that regard, this paper focuses on the history of metallurgy with major focus on particular metals i.e. copper, iron and gold. In addition, this paper evaluates the contributions of scientists to the field of metallurgy.
A intercompreensão no ensino do espanhol: Vivências em um curso online do FIVU
Authors: Herrera Gabriela Cardoso , Veloso Fernanda Silva
Published: July 2021

O objetivo deste texto é apresentar algumas atividades, baseadas nos principais postulados da Intercompreensão, realizadas em sala de aula virtual — plataforma de videoconferência Microsoft Teams. No total, oito concluintes de licenciatura em Letras Espanhol ministraram, na condição de estagiários e professores em formação, 60 horas-aula para alunos de pós-graduação matriculados em um curso de Espanhol Básico do projeto Formação em Idiomas para a Vida acadêmica (FIVU). Tendo em vista o período de pandemia, o referido curso, ofertado antes presencialmente a alunos em sua maioria da graduação, ganhou um novo formato e foi realizado de maneira online. A fim de aproximar o nosso público-alvo da língua espanhola, optamos por iniciar a primeira, das muitas unidades elaboradas, com atividades de intercompreensão, que, atualmente, é reconhecido como método para o ensino integrado de línguas, principalmente românicas. Embasaram as análises de nossas atividades, bem como da sua aplicação, as teorias sobre tal método, principalmente aquelas discutidas por Escudé e Olmo (2019). Segundo os autores, quando dois interlocutores se encontram, cada um falando — ou escrevendo — sua própria língua e se esforçando para entender a língua do outro, ocorre a intercompreensão.
Medianeras a Brasileña: Como construir e trabalhar relações interpessoais em cursos online de espanhol?
Authors: Rabanea Priscila , Arruda Milena Dos Santos , Veloso Fernanda Silva
Published: July 2021

Em “Medianeras: Buenos Aires na Era do Amor Virtual” (2011), o diretor Gustavo Taretto discute como a tecnologia e a internet afetam as relações interpessoais, podendo tanto nos aproximar quanto nos afastar. Embora o filme seja antigo, o contexto social de um mundo em quarentena, em que meramente sair de casa é pouco recomendado, torna seus questionamentos mais válidos do que nunca. Assim, não surpreende que a virtualização das relações sociais afete enormemente o ato de educar, levando aqueles não familiarizados com o ensino remoto a desbravarem esse território até então desconhecido e discuti-lo mais amplamente dentro da comunidade acadêmica. Por isso, nosso objetivo é apresentar como professores em formação, estagiários do projeto Formação de Idiomas para a Vida Universitária (FIVU), responsáveis por elaborar e ministrar as aulas de um curso de Espanhol realizado entre junho e julho de 2020 através da plataforma Microsoft Teams, buscamos contornar os desafios comunicativos provenientes do distanciamento espacial entre alunos e professores através da afetividade, do trabalho colaborativo e do debate e diálogo constantes. Através de discussão baseada em nossas interações durante as aulas e em conversas com alunos por meio do WhatsApp, mostraremos como as estratégias adotadas influenciaram positivamente na experiência final.
Minderheden en het regeringsbeleid: afvlakkend draagvlak
Authors: Palm Walter
Published: July 2021

Dossier

In this feature authors discuss recent research findings that are of interest to readers of Beleid en Maatschappij.
Detection of aflatoxin producing Aspergillus flavus from animal feed in Karnataka, India
Authors: Rajarajan Pethannan , Sylvia Katherin , Periasamy Malaiyarasa Pandian , Subramanian Maheswari
Published: July 2021

Aflatoxins are toxic carcinogenic secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus flavus and are responsible for contamination in animal feed. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of aflatoxin contamination in animal feed in Karnataka state, India. The screening was performed by desiccated coconut agar and quantification of aflatoxin by liquid ammonia vapor test, TLC and ELISA. A total of 29 samples received from different places of Karnataka were analysed for aflatoxin B1. Out of 29 animal feed sample aflatoxin B1 detected in 12 samples representing 41.38% at average concentration of 288.50 μg/kg. Out of 42 isolates screened in animal feed, Aspergillus flavus was found to be in 86.2% and Aspergillus niger was 24.1%. It was observed that out of 42 isolates analyzed from animal feed, aflatoxin B1 was detected in 12 samples. Aflatoxin B1 is the most common contaminant and the method is more sensitive in screening and detection of aflatoxin B1 in the animal feed.
Factors influencing breast cancer screening practices among women of reproductive age in South Kayonza District, Rwanda
Authors: Igiraneza Pierre Céléstin , Omondi Lilian A. , Nikuze Bellancille , Uwayezu Marie Goretti , Fitch Margaret , Niyonsenga Gaudence
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Breast cancer in Rwanda is a major concern for women’s health, as most breast cancer diagnoses are made at an advanced stage. Yet, diagnosis can be done early with breast cancer screening practices. Aim: To assess factors influencing breast cancer screening practices among women of reproductive age in South Kayonza District of Rwanda. Methodology: A quantitative survey was conducted with 246 women between 16 and 49 years of age from four health centres in South Kayonza District. A structured, pretested, and self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the influence of knowledge, health facilities, and socioeconomic and cultural factors on breast screening practices among women in South Kayonza. Result: Among all respondents, 55.5% had moderate knowledge about breast cancer risk factors and 60.2% also had moderate knowledge on the influence of breast cancer screening. While 28% were knowledgeable about Breast Self-Examination (BSE), 16.4% were knowledgeable about Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) and breast ultrasound. Responses about the practice of breast screening in the last two years showed 72% of respondents had never practiced BSE and 81.3% had not used CBE or breast ultrasound scan. The main source of information about breast cancer screening was the radio, used by 30.4% of respondents. Significant relationships were found between age and marital status with breast cancer screening practices. Conclusion: This study revealed low levels of knowledge about breast cancer, breast cancer screening, and practice regarding breast cancer screening. There is a need to promote awareness of breast cancer and create a program, which can influence breast cancer screening knowledge and practice to ultimately improve health among women in south Kayonza.
Knowledge, attitude and health beliefs on cervical cancer screening in Ajumako-Eyan-Essiam District, Ghana
Authors: Sampson Charlotte Naa , Nkpeebo Samuel Donkor , Degley Thywill Amenuveve
Published: July 2021

The study assessed women in Ajumako-Eyan-Essiam District (AEED) on knowledge, attitude, and health beliefs on cervical cancer screening. In Ghana, cervical cancer ranks as the second leading cause of female cancers. In clinical practice and studies done on women with cervical cancer, early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cervical cancer is widely influenced by women’s knowledge, and attitude towards screening, yet there is no study on knowledge, attitude, and health beliefs among women in AEED. A quantitative cross-sectional design was used, with a descriptive statistical analysis of data from 240 women. The results showed that 61.3% of women do not know which organs cervical cancer affects or when to follow up after a normal smear, which might suggest some deficit in their level of knowledge. Thirty-six percent believed that the Pap test is done once and 57.1% were of the view that it is expensive, which limits patronage. The majority of respondents refused to go for screening for fear of the unknown (48.8%) while others believed that they might not be at risk (65.8%). A significant number (46.7%) were of the view that cervical cancer cannot be cured. In conclusion, the inadequate knowledge and false health beliefs of women influenced their attitude toward cervical cancer screening.
Integração de sensores de baixo-nível com TensorBoard
Authors: Matsoui Julio Kiyoshi R. , Fernandes Matheus , Wanner Lucas , Rigo Sandro
Published: July 2021

Sistemas de aprendizado de máquina exigem grandes recursos computacionais e energéticos, especialmente para tarefas de treinamento. Perfiladores para estes sistemas, como o disponível na ferramenta TensorBoard para TensorFlow, dão informações sobre hotspots e oportunidades para otimização. Ainda assim, estas ferramentas tipicamente não incluem perfilamento de energia. Neste trabalho apresentamos um plugin para perfilamento de dissipação de potência para tarefas de aprendizado de máquina baseado em sensores IPMI de baixo nível. O plugin é integrado com TensorBoard e demonstrado com uma máquina IBM POWER.
Profiling an Erlang Program Inside A Linux Environment: A Discussion of Possible Approaches
Authors: Fukuda João C. , Francesquini Emilio , Cordeiro Daniel
Published: July 2021

Erlang is a concurrent language built to run on the BEAM virtual machine. This paper discusses the different approaches one can take to profile programs built on Erlang from both inside and outside BEAM and their inherent tradeoffs. It divides profiling and tracing tools into system and VM-level, com- pares both categories’ advantages and disadvantages in terms of performance and how trying to keep performance might minimize other aspects of the pro- filing, and describes how to take advantage of them both alone and together by combining their outputs to produce the best possible result.
Improved Failure Detection and Propagation Mechanisms for MPI
Authors: Rosso Pedro Henrique Di Francia , Francesquini Emilio
Published: July 2021

The Message Passing Interface (MPI) standard is largely used in High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems. Such systems employ a large number of computing nodes. Thus, Fault Tolerance (FT) is a concern since a large number of nodes leads to more frequent failures. Two essential components of FT are Failure Detection (FD) and Failure Propagation (FP). This paper proposes improvements to existing FD and FP mechanisms to provide more portability, scalability, and low overhead. Results show that the methods proposed can achieve better or at least similar results to existing methods while providing portability to any MPI standard-compliant distribution.
Etiology, Epidemiology and Management of Asian Soybean Rust (ASR) in Brazil and Vulnerability of Chemical Control of Specific without Multisite Fungicides
Authors: Cezar Juliatti Fernando , Zambolim Laércio
Published: July 2021

Brazil is the first soybean producer in the world, and the largest exporter. In the 2019/20 harvest, the country produced about 124.85 million tons, representing 30% of world production. Global soy production for 2019/20 reached 337.9 million tons. Asian soybean rust (ASR) is the most pathogen on soybean in Brazil in nowadays. Target spot and Septoria leaf spot plus white mold complete these scenarios. ASR emerged in Brazil in 1979. The use of fungicides in the soybean crop in Brazil intensified after the master of 2002 with the resurgence of soybean rust, where the use of triazoles intensified. The massive sprays to pathogen control reached 3.5 sprays per season. In 2006, the first reports of loss of sensitivity of the fungus to the group appeared, notably for the fungicide flutriafol and tebuconazole used in many situations in a curative way or to eradicate the fungus. From that moment on, the productive system sought to use triazoles and strobilurins. In 2011 came the first reports of loss of sensitivity of the fungus in the group of strobilurins. This fact was due to the use of pyraclostrobin in the vegetative phase of soybeans without protection by multisite. That same year, the introduction of the active ingredients in copper oxychloride, mancozeb and chlorothalonil took place in Brazil. In 2015, the first carboxamides ((benzovindiflupyr) (solatenol and fluxpyroxade) associated in triple mode with triazoles and strobilurins were launched on the Brazilian market. Due to the specific mode of action in the metabolism of the fungus (biosynthesis of ergosterol (triazoles), mitochondrial respiration in the cytochrome oxidase enzyme complex - QOIs (strobilurins) and succin dehydrogenase - SDHIs (carboxamides), the need for their association in the sprayings was seen. To multisite (cuprics, dithiocarbamates and nitriles). For the sustainable management of the disease in Brazil, control strategies are recommended, such as the use of systemic fungicides, with a specific biochemical mechanism of action with the adoption of tank mix with multisite, adoption of cultural practices (sanitary emptiness) and sowing schedule and the use of varieties with quantitative resistance (partial or horizontal resistance). These measures will guarantee the sustainability of the culture and the useful life of systemic fungicides or specific sites.
The most Powerful Thing You’d Say Is Nothing at all: The Power of Silence in Conversation
Authors: Ibrahim Bashir , Ambu Muhammad Usman
Published: July 2021

After a long period of neglect, silence is currently receiving an increased amount of attention in the literature of sociolinguistics and pragmatics. Since the publication of Tannen and Saville-Troike and Jaworski, many international conferences, books, monographs, articles, PhD theses and book chapters continue to emerge. Many of those publications recognized silence as a powerful tool of communication; and that it is not peripheral to speech because any form of analysis that is applied to speech could also be applied to the analysis of silence. Silence has been broadly classified as communicative and non-communicative, and it serves both positive and negative functions. As silence performs two opposite functions, its interpretation depends on some factors such as the socio-cultural background of the actors involved in the use and the interpretation of the silence act, and the context of its use. This chapter starts with an introduction which covers review of related literature, and then proceeds with the classification of silence. It continues with discussing some functions of silence, and then talks about interpretation of silence in social contexts. Finally, the chapter examines some instances of the power of silence in conversation.
The Role of Architecture and Urbanism in Preventing Pandemics
Authors: Andrei Fezi Bogdan
Published: July 2021

This chapter aims to assess the historical role of architecture and urbanism in the prevention and mitigation of pandemics and the place it may occupy in future international strategies. During COVID-19, the contemporary healthcare system response to pandemics showed its limits. There must be investigated a more interdisciplinary answer in which the role of the built environment in the One Health should be clarified. Since the 19th century, the built environment traditionally occupied a decisive role in mitigating pandemics. The war against tuberculosis led to the Hygiene movement which set the principles of the Modernist architectural and urban movement. With the discovery of antibiotics, the medicine emancipated from architecture. In the absence of health implications, the social and environmental counterreactions to the Modernist movement led to the Green Architecture, New Urbanism or Urban Village movements. After the last decades warnings about future pandemics, some of the present COVID-19 scientific findings have notable impact on the built environment design: pollution, green areas, urban population density or air quality control. Finally, the chapter analyses architectural and urban measures for preventing and mitigating future pandemics: air control, residential approaches, public spaces, green areas design, working, transportation and mixed neighborhoods.
The Long Road to the Immunodiagnosis of Neurocysticercosis: Controversies and Confusions
Authors: Esquivel-Velázquez Marcela , Larralde Carlos , Ostoa-Saloma Pedro , Hugo Del Río Araiza Víctor , Morales-Montor Jorge
Published: July 2021

To date, even widely studied, there is not a standard diagnostic method to detect neurocysticercotic patients. The later due to the complex nature of cysticercosis disease and the simplicity of common immunological assumptions involved in explaining the low scores and reproducibility of immunotests in the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis. To begin with, the few studies dealing with the immune response during neurocysticercosis are not conclusive, which of course it is crucial to develop an immunodiagnostic test. Their full recognition should clear confusion and reduce controversy as well as provide avenues of research and technological design. In here, logical arguments add that even under common immunological assumptions, serology of neurocysticercosis will always include false negative and positive results. Thus, serology is no strong support for medical diagnosis of neurocysticercosis (NC). In contrast, immunotests performed in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of neurological patients should have fewer false positive and fewer false negatives than in serum. To conclude, it is argued that high scores in serology for NC will not yield to usual approaches and that success needs of a concerted worldwide effort. A more punctilious strategy based on the design of panels of confirmed positive and negative sera needs to be construed, shared and tested by all interested groups to obtain comparable results. The identification of a set of specific and representative antigens of Taenia solium (T. solium) and a thorough compilation of the many forms of antibody response of humans to the many forms of T. solium disease are also to be considered as one of the most importants factors to the disease.
Tourist Sentiment Mining Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Li Weijun , Yang Qun , Du Wencai
Published: July 2021

Mining the sentiment of the user on the internet via the context plays a significant role in uncovering the human emotion and in determining the exactness of the underlying emotion in the context. An increasingly enormous number of user-generated content (UGC) in social media and online travel platforms lead to development of data-driven sentiment analysis (SA), and most extant SA in the domain of tourism is conducted using document-based SA (DBSA). However, DBSA cannot be used to examine what specific aspects need to be improved or disclose the unknown dimensions that affect the overall sentiment like aspect-based SA (ABSA). ABSA requires accurate identification of the aspects and sentiment orientation in the UGC. In this book chapter, we illustrate the contribution of data mining based on deep learning in sentiment and emotion detection.
Design Thinking for Computer-Aided Co-Design in Architecture and Urban Design
Authors: Chowdhury Shuva
Published: July 2021

Bringing the designer’s concept to the non-design expert’s communicative level requires a significant understanding of the communication media. Primarily the design communication depends on the type of the tools used. Virtual tools with their pre-set operability limit the designer’s ways of interaction with the artefacts. This article proposes a framework for designers to interact with non-design experts through an enhanced communicative media. The design framework indicates steps of design thinking to develop the interface by understanding both the virtual artefacts’ perceptual affordance to the users and the design task. The paper discusses about projects tested in three different scenarios, urban design, architecture, and product design. It concludes with the arguments on designers’ role as authors of the system design.
Fibroblasts in Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: Klein Kerstin
Published: July 2021

The Sjögren’s syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the exocrine glands, leading to dryness of mucosal surfaces, and often to severe systemic manifestations. Here, the immunomodulatory function of fibroblasts derived from salivary glands, a primary site affected by the Sjögren’s syndrome, is discussed. Specific subsets of these fibroblasts drive the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures, which are associated with severe disease and which constitute a risk factor for the development of lymphoma in Sjögren’s syndrome. Single cell RNA-sequencing has provided new insights into subsets of fibroblasts in inflamed salivary glands and has provided evidence for the existence of shared inflammation-associated fibroblasts across chronically inflamed tissues. These findings support the concept of targeting the fibroblast compartment in Sjögren’s syndrome and other chronic inflammatory diseases. In addition to the immunomodulatory role of fibroblasts, the interaction of the epithelium with fibroblasts is essential for salivary gland homeostasis. Fibroblasts provide essential signals for the regeneration of salivary gland epithelial cells, which is disturbed in Sjögren’s syndrome, and leading to the loss of saliva secreting cells and subsequent hyposalivation.
Phenolic Compounds: Classification, Chemistry, and Updated Techniques of Analysis and Synthesis
Authors: H. Al Mamari Hamad
Published: July 2021

Phenolic compounds are vast, diverse, ubiquitous and widespread in nature. The biological significance of bioactive phenolic natural secondary metabolites is immense and of high and significant importance. Phenolic compounds are known to exhibit various biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This book chapter begins with classification of phenolic compounds in concise manner followed by going through their chemical properties that are essential for their biological activities. Some chemical properties such as acidity and formation of radicals are directly linked with their important and key biological activities such as antioxidant properties. The chapter covers methods and updated techniques of analysis of phenolic compounds. Finally, biosynthesis of such important organic molecules is covered going through some of their current synthesis methods in the laboratory, methods of their synthetic elaboration. Due to the high potential of phenolic compounds for applications in various industries such as pharmaceutical and food industries, the search for the development of efficient methods for their synthesis as well as modern and accurate methods for their detection and analysis will continue.