bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probiotics and gastrointestinal diseases: A promising complementary medicine resource for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and diseases
Authors: Anbari Khatereh , Firouzi Majid , Abbaszadeh Saber
Published: February 2024

Context: Probiotics are living microorganisms (bacteria or yeasts) whose swallowing in an appropriate number has beneficial effects on host health and improves the host microflora. Different types of digestive diseases are treated by probiotics, including inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases, functional gastrointestinal disorders, irritable bowel syndrome and ulcerative colitis. Aims: To analyze the role of the effect of probiotics on gastrointestinal disorders, especially intestinal illness. Methods: Articles related to “probiotics and digestive disorders and diseases” were searched in citation databases including PubMed, Institute for Scientific Information, Scopus, Google Scholar and Magiran. The search strategy was based on the terms “probiotics and gastrointestinal disorders”. Clinical trials and systematic reviews regarding the effects of probiotics on the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases were included. Irrelevant articles were deleted, and the rest of the articles were used to conduct review. Results: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium lactys, Streptococcus thermophilus, Saccharomyces boulardii, Escherichia coli Nissle, Probiotic VSL#3, Bacillus coagulants, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus thermophilus are one of the most important probiotics that affect gastrointestinal disorders. Conclusions: According to the findings found in this review from clinical trials regarding the effects of probiotics on the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, there is evidence that the probiotics have beneficial effects on the gastrointestinal disorders.
A decade of analysis of illicit street cocaine in Chile
Authors: Duffau Boris E. , Rojas Sonia A. , Ayala Salvador A.
Published: February 2024

Context: Cocaine is one of the most worldwide consumed drugs of abuse. Determinate purity and adulteration profile of cocaine is very useful from the point of view of toxicology, public health, trends of misuse and for police enforcement, in order to establish the routes of drugs dealers. Aims: To evaluate the purity profile of cocaine hydrochloride in Chile over 10 years; classify main adulterants and diluents added to cocaine, for this purpose we used collected data from all tested samples since 2006 to 2016. Methods: In this study were used several analytical methods based in different techniques. For quantitative analysis samples were tested by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector and High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography. In order to confirm doubtful or extensively adulterated samples a confirmatory analysis by GC/MS was carried out. Results: Results of this study are very alarming due to cocaine purity decreased since 2009 this fact corresponds with that cocaine has been progressively adulterated and diluted with compounds such as levamisol, caffeine, local anaesthetics, and carbonates. These events make very important this type of studies of composition of the street drug. Conclusions: Cocaine is extensively adulterated, with substances that enhance the harm to the health of users, as in other countries in the region. According to our knowledge this is the first report in Chile about purity profile of cocaine hydrochloride in such a long period and with this large number of samples studied.
Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used to treat osteoarticular diseases in the Moroccan Rif, Morocco
Authors: Chaachouay Noureddine , Benkhnigue Ouafae , Fadli Mohamed , El Ayadi Rachida , Zidane Lahcen
Published: February 2024

Context: Ethnobotanical studies are one of the important steps in bioprospecting and preserving traditional uses of medicinal plants. Aims: To identify medicinal and aromatic plants used by the local people to treat osteoarticular diseases, together with the associated ethnomedicinal knowledge. Methods: The ethnobotanical survey was conducted in the Moroccan Rif region (North of Morocco) for two periods from 2016 to 2018. In total, 520 local traditional herbalists and users of these plants were interviewed. Information was collected using semi-structured interviews and group discussion, analyzed and compared by quantitative ethnobotanical indices such as family importance value (FIV), relative frequency of citation (RFC), plant part value (PPV), fidelity level (FL) and informant consensus factor (ICF) were used to analyze the obtained data. Results: The analysis of results identified 17 plant species distributed in 10 families with a dominance of the Poaceae (6 species). Concerning the diseases treated, rheumatism diseases have the highest ICF (0.98). The survey revealed that leaves were the most used part of the plants (PPV=0.37) and the majority preparation used was a decoction (40.9%). Conclusions: The results of the present study showed the existence of indigenous ethnomedicinal knowledge of medicinal and aromatic plants in the Moroccan Rif to treat osteoarticular diseases. Further research on phytochemical, pharmacological and other biological activities should be considered to discover new drugs from these documented plants.
Acute toxicity of ethanolic extract of Lansium domesticum cv kokossan leaves in female Wistar rats
Authors: Mayanti Tri , Sumiarsa Dadan , Madihah Madihah , Dinata Deden Indra , Darwati Darwati , Harneti Desi , Gaffar Shabarni , Nurlelasari Nurlelasari , Al Anshori Jamaludin
Published: February 2024

Context: Lansium domesticum Corrêa is a higher plant belonging to Meliaceae family and widely distributed in South East Asia. The leave extract of Lansium domesticum cv kokossan contains 9,19-cyclolanost-24-en-3-one,21,23-epoxy-21,22-dihydroxy (21R, 22S, 23S), which has shown a strong cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 1.13 ppm) against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Aims: To evaluate the acute toxicity of ethanol extract of L. domesticum cv kokossan leaves in female Wistar rats. Methods: Acute oral toxicity test was done based on OECD 425:2006 guidelines, consisting of a limit and main tests. The limit test was conducted at a dose of 5000 mg/kg, whereas the main test consisted of ten treatments, including control, with five replications each. Results: The results showed a strong negative correlation between dose of the extract and the weight gain of tested animals (r = -0.93). The administration of the extract increased the relative weight of organs, i.e. liver and brain, only at a high dose. Histopathological examination showed an increasing of necrotic cells as well as disruption of tissue architectural of all organs in a dose-dependent manner. However, the toxic signs and organ damage did not show significantly different compared to control. The LD50 value estimated by Probit analysis was 16538.49 mg/kg BW for ethanol extract, which categorized as relatively harmless. Conclusions: The data obtained from this study revealed that the ethanolic extract of L. domesticum cv kokossan leaves was relatively harmless to female Wistar rats. However moderate histopathological toxicity sign appeared in all examined organs. Thus, further study is needed to evaluate the effect of long-term exposure.
Efficacy of pumpkin oil (a Persian medicine product) in the treatment of chronic insomnia: A randomized double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Haghjoo Elham , Haghighi Khosro Sadeghniiat , Dabaghian Fataneh Hashem , Shojaii Asie , Kenari Hoorieh Mohammadi
Published: February 2024

Context: According to Persian medicine text, there are some topical herbal remedies for insomnia such as pumpkin oil as a nasal drop. Aims: To evaluate the effect of pumpkin oil (a Persian medicine product) in patients with chronic insomnia. Methods: This study was conducted as a randomized double-blind clinical trial on pumpkin oil efficacy in 74 patients with chronic insomnia. The participants received two drops of intranasal pumpkin oil or placebo every night for two weeks. The effects of pumpkin oil and placebo on the pattern of sleep and sleep quality were assessed at baseline and at the end of two weeks of treatment by Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaires. Results: The scores of the ISI questioner were statistically different between groups after two weeks of intervention and patients in the pumpkin oil group had fewer scores for ISI questioner (p<0.001). The reduction of the total score of the Pittsburgh questioner was 10.08 ± 3.21 in the pumpkin oil group and 0.28 ± 0.98 (p<0.001) in the control group. Conclusions: Pumpkin oil could have a significant positive effect on the quantity and the quality of sleep in patients with chronic insomnia.
Equilibrium solubility using shake-flask method of JM-20: a synthetic molecule with neuroprotective action
Authors: Martínez Álvarez Luis O. , Alejo Cisneros Pedro L. , Forte Mesa Rionaldo , Quiñones Hinojosa Livania , Mondelo Rodríguez Abel , García Borges Lisandra , Guerra Menéndez Hugo , Tuero Iglesias Ángela , Ochoa Rodríguez Estael , Cabrera Pérez Miguel A.
Published: February 2024

Context: Drug solubility is one of the most important physicochemical properties for the development of new pharmaceutical products, which, in our study, is a new synthetic molecule, which has been shown to have a potential neuroprotective effect in rat. Aims: To evaluate the equilibrium solubility of JM-20 within the physiological pH range and aqueous chemical stability. Methods: It was performed at pH 1.2, 4.5 and 6.8 at 37 ± 0.5°C for 27 h by the method of the saturated flasks. HPLC and FTIR were used for the study of aqueous stability and to evaluate the molecular structure of the non-ionized fraction by DSC/TGA. Results: Concentrations calculated at pH 1.2 were higher than at pH 4.5 and pH 6.8. A retention time greater than pH 4.5 and 6.8 after 24 h was detected in the aqueous stability study at pH 1.2, in addition to other peaks in these chromatograms. Analyses by FT-IR and DSC/TGA demonstrated the absence of polymorphism in the dissociated fraction of saturated solutions. Conclusions: The JM-20 presented at 6 hours its maximum steady state of solubility, being inferior to pH 4.5 and 6.8. It is corroborated by the qualitative analysis by HPLC, that the compound is chemically unstable from 24 h to pH 4.5 and 6.8. By FT-IR and DSC/TG it was elucidated that the fractions of the molecule not dissociated, did not undergo structural changes in it, and it is inferred that there is no polymorphism.
Development and evaluation of liquid crystal systems of combination of 5-fluorouracil and curcumin for cervical cancer cell line
Authors: David Sheba R , Refai Syahira Abdul , Yian Koh Rhun , Mai Chun-Wai , Das Sanjoy Kumar , Rajabalaya Rajan
Published: February 2024

Context: Liquid crystalline gel, self-assembled vesicular systems covered with nonionic surfactants, are promising for use in drug delivery. Aims: To develop and evaluate the liquid crystal (LC) systems of a combination of 5-fluorouracil and curcumin for a cervical cancer cell line. Methods: The LC was formulated using water, surfactant, and glycerin. Optimization was carried out by using different surfactants. The formulations were chosen for various studies, such as pH determination, environmental scanning electron microscopy (eSEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and dissolution study. The synergism of the combination of 5-FU and curcumin on cervical cancer HeLa cell line was then analyzed using CompuSyn software. Results: The formulations with 60% surfactant, the average particle size was in the ranges from 15.68 – 26.35 nm whereas with 40% surfactant, were 11.27 - 21.35 nm. The percentage of dissolution of 5-FU at pH 7 (PBS) A2: 40.23 > B2: 47.39 > X2: 50.36 > Y2: 56.36 compared to at pH 4 (vaginal simulated fluid, VSF) were A2: 36.23 > B2: 43.64 > X2: 45.67 > Y2: 49.01. The percentage of dissolution of curcumin of different formulations were at pH 7 (PBS) A2: 44.85 > B2: 51.36 > X2: 58.61 > Y2: 64.38 compared to at pH 4 (VSF) were A2: 41.03 > B2: 49.37 > X2: 57.85 > Y2: 68.75. Conclusions: The combination of the drugs showed that there was a synergistic effect when it was being administered together. The combination of drugs in LC system had a sustained release as well as it was effective against cervical cancer HeLa cell line.
Progresses and challenges in the traditional medicine information system: A systematic review
Authors: Mirzaeian Razieh , Sadoughi Farahnaz , Tahmasebian Shahram , Mojahedi Morteza
Published: February 2024

Context: Traditional medicine information system (TMIS) is a substructure founded on the targeted application of technology. It also serves as a tool supporting the decisions in traditional medicine (TM). However, due to following a different approach in the treatment process, the TM has faced some challenges. Aims: To review the universal progresses and challenges in TMIS. Methods: This study was conducted using systematic search and review. The resources were retrieved through searching the key words related to the TMIS in the available databases including Science Direct, WOS, ProQuest, PubMed and IEEE. The findings were classified in to two distinct categories of progresses and challenges relating to the TMIS. Results: As many as 28 studies conducted from 2000 to 2017 were included in this research. The majority of the studies were related to 2010 or after 2010 conducted in China. Progresses identified in this TMIS were categorized into four types including the development of the database, universal standardization of the TM, development of the clinical data warehouse, and application of information technology in the TM. The challenges were classified into four distinct categories, namely the lack of treatment protocols in TM, the necessity of developing a universal unified terminology, the necessity of creating a medical ontologies and the necessity of ensuring the data quality. Conclusions: Information technology forms a significant aspect of the TM modernization. To develop both the TMIS and the knowledge sharing tools, it is necessary to remove the problems and challenges involved in the data record process in the TM.
Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) for oral delivery of Garcinia kola seeds ethanolic extract: formulation and in vivo antimalarial activity
Authors: Mukubwa Grady K. , Nkanga Christian I. , Buya Aristote B. , Mbinze Jérémie K. , Krause Rui W.M. , Memvanga Patrick B.
Published: February 2024

Context: Garcinia kola seeds are widely used in Congolese traditional medicine to treat uncomplicated malaria. While the ethanolic extract of these seeds (GK) is reputed for oral antimalarial activity, some of its constituents have shown poor water solubility, which might compromise further phytopharmaceutical developments. Aims: To develop a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for oral delivery of GK, since SNEDDS are promising vehicles for enhancing drug product solubility. Methods: GK was loaded into liquid SNEDDS (solution and suspension) and solid SNEDDS (S-SNEDDS), and the resultant formulations were characterized using dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy. The antimalarial activity of SNEDDS (200 mg/kg × 4 days, oral) was evaluated in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice using a conventional four-day suppressive test. Results: The characterization of SNEDDS formulations revealed the presence of nanosized structures of spherical morphology and negative surface charge. Data from in vivo study showed reduced parasite growth by 77.9, 73.8 and 74.2% for GK-SNEDDS solution, GK-SNEDDS suspension and GK-S-SNEDDS, respectively. The activity of GK-SNEDDS was found to be greater than that of a licensed GK-based syrup (N’sansiphos®) used at the same dose (p<0.05). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the potential of SNEDDS formulations as a promising alternative for enhancing the antimalarial efficacy of GK following oral administration. The SNEDDS technology holds the promise of improving the oral delivery of herbal-based products for malaria therapy.
Effect of Salvadora persica on reproductive behavior in rats exposed to cigarette smoke
Authors: Rabbani Syed Imam
Published: February 2024

Context: The components of cigarette smoke are known to adversely affect the reproductive behavior in men and women. Salvadora persica commonly used in oral hygiene, was found to exhibit lipid lowering, hypoglycemic, anti-ulcer, anti-depressant activities. Aims: To evaluate the effect of Salvadora persica on reproductive behavior in rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Methods: The lyophilized decoction of S. persica was administered daily for four weeks by oral route at three doses (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) to eight-weeks’ cigarette smoke-exposed rats. Reproductive behavior in male rats was recorded by the number of approaches, mounts and intromission while in the female it was done by the number of approaches and escape frequency to male approach. Relative weights of testis and ovaries were determined. Ginseng at 100 mg/kg was used as a standard aphrodisiac. The results were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test. p<0.05 was considered to indicate the significance of results. Results: The results indicated that tobacco smoke exposure adversely affected the reproductive behavior in both male and female rats, besides increasing the relative weights of testis/ovaries. Among the tested doses, only the highest dose of S. persica (200 mg/kg) produced significant (p<0.05) increase in number of approach, frequency of mounts and latency of intromission but also significantly (p<0.05) enhanced the relative weight of testis and reduced the relative weight of ovaries in cigarette smoked animals. The marginal improvement in the reproductive behavior could be related to the phytoconstituents of the decoction. Ginseng, on the other hand, produced significant aphrodisiac activity and reversed the changes in the relative weights of the reproductive organs induced by cigarette smoke. Conclusions: The observation suggests that decoction of S. persica improved some of the parameters of male reproductive behavior but the role of the drug on the reproductive organs needs further investigation.
Ex-vivo inhibition of uterine contractility by the stem bark extracts of Omphalocarpum procerum P.Beauv. (Sapotaceae) in mouse models
Authors: Bafor Enitome , Eyegbagharen Tosan , Ochoyama Ejiro , Idu MacDonald
Published: February 2024

Context: The plant Omphalocarpum procerum is used traditionally in Africa to manage female reproductive health issues such as infertility and menstrual cycle regulation. In the search for new therapies for the management of female reproductive issues, the plant O. procerum was investigated in this study. Aims: To determine the activity of the methanol extract of O. procerum stem bark (MOPS) on uterine contractility, as a measure to determine its usefulness in uterine contractility associated disorders. Methods: MOPS’ activity on spontaneous, oxytocin, KCl-induced contractions and in calcium-free solution was determined on the isolated uterus. Possible mechanisms of activity were determined using receptor and channel blockers. Results: MOPS inhibited spontaneous and oxytocin-induced contractions. MOPS also inhibited oxytocin-induced contractions in calcium-free solution. MOPS was also found to exert its inhibitory effect through interaction with β-adrenoceptors in the uterus. Conclusions: MOPS has been shown to inhibit uterine contractility in the non-pregnant and pregnant uterus primarily through the activation of β-adrenoceptors in the uterus.
Preparation and characterization of quercetin-polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30 spray dried solid dispersion
Authors: Febriyenti Febriyenti , Indra Peki , Zaini Erizal , Ismed Friardi , Lucida Henny
Published: February 2024

Context: The use of quercetin as a potential active pharmaceutical ingredient is limited by low aqueous solubility leading to low bioavailability. A spray-dried solid dispersion technique is used to increase the solubility and dissolution profiles of quercetin. Aims: To prepare and characterize quercetin solid dispersion using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K-30. Methods: Solid dispersions (SDs) were prepared by spray drying technique at quercetin/PVP K-30 ratios of 10/90, 20/80, 30/70, 40/60 and 50/50. A physical mixture of quercetin/PVP K-30 (50/50) and pure quercetin were used as comparisons. The SDs were characterized by powder X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy, solubility and dissolution studies. The effect of the drug/polymer ratio on the solubility of quercetin was also studied. Results: Quercetin SDs appeared as amorphous form as confirmed by XRD. Quercetin was better dispersed as the drug/polymer ratio decreased. SD with ratio 10/90 showed regular spherical particles in the size range of 0-35 µm. The solubility of quercetin increased with decreasing drug/polymer ratio. Preparation of SDs influence the solubility significantly (p<0.01). The increase in solubility is probably due to a hydrogen bond between quercetin and PVP K30 as confirmed by FTIR spectra. SD with ratio 10/90 showed a high dissolution rate (95.12 ± 1.83%) within 120 min in comparison to pure quercetin (19.37 ± 0.58%) or physical mixture (37.85 ± 0.85%). Conclusions: Preparation of quercetin SDs with PVP K30 by spray drying technique results in amorphous spherical particles. There was an increase in solubility and percent dissolved with a decrease in drug/polymer ratio.
Metabolites from marine microorganisms in cancer, immunity, and inflammation: A critical review
Authors: Riera-Romo Mario , Wilson-Savón Liem , Hernandez-Balmaseda Ivones
Published: February 2024

Context: Marine microorganisms represent a promising source of bioactive molecules for biomedical applications. Increasing scientific literature is describing novel metabolites isolated from marine microbes with attractive pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anticancer. Aims: To reveal a background of the main marine microbial-derived products that have been isolated and characterized, including recent examples. The main mechanisms of action of these compounds in different models are also discussed. Methods: This research was structured based on a four phases design. 1) the identification of research questions, 2) selection of relevant studies, 3) filtering of studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 4) collection and organization of the data. For the web search, were used PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and ProQuest. For the selection and classification of the papers was used PRISMA software. Results: A wide variety of marine microbial metabolites with important pharmacological properties have been discovered and characterized so far. The main sources of these compounds are marine actinomycetes, bacilli, fungi from Aspergillus and Penicillium genus, microalgae, and some marine symbiotic bacteria and fungi. Most of these metabolites exhibit cytotoxic, pro-apoptotic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities. Complex structural moieties, such as multiple aromatic rings and heteroatoms, seem to be related to these properties. The mechanisms of action of most of these molecules target apoptosis-related proteins, enzymes, transcription factors, DNA binding proteins and some cell surface receptors. Conclusions: The marine environment offers an efficient and attractive way to obtain novel natural products. Marine microorganisms are a prolific source of new molecules and extracts with therapeutic potential in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. They represent and ecofriendly and feasible option to obtain drug candidates with multiple mechanisms of action and important biomedical applications.
Ethanol extract of Parkia speciosa Hassk. loaded transfersome: Characterization and optimization
Authors: Fitrya Fitrya , Fithri Najma Annuria , Winda Mesri , Muharni Muharni
Published: February 2024

Context: Parkia speciosa is a species which contains hydrophilic compounds such as flavonoids and phenolics. These compounds are difficult to penetrate lipophilic biological membranes. Transfersome is a targeted dosage form that can overcome the limitations of phytomedicine. Aims: To improve the ability of extracts to penetrate biological membranes. Methods: Transfersome was formulated with soya lecithin and Tween-80 as independent variables using factorial design 32. The influence of factor compositions and factor interactions on transfersome characteristics was observed based on efficiency absorption percentage (%EE), polydispersity index (PDI), stability, and pH. Results: Analysis with DX® 10 produced optimum formula with 0.85 g of lecithin and 0.15 g of tween-80. The optimum formula characteristics’ results analysis was as follows: %EE (91.6884 ± 0.0261%), particle size (495.6 nm), PDI (0.484), and zeta potential (-21.4 mV) and spherical vesicle shape. Stability testing showed that transfersome was more stable compared to the pure extracts. Diffused transfersome percentage (6.6253 ± 0.5817 %) on the minute 360 was better than the pure extracts (1.8800 ± 0.0187 %). Compartmental transfersome analysis with WinSAAM™ software followed lag compartment model (p<0.05). Interaction test using FTIR showed that there was no chemical interaction between extract and excipients. Conclusions: The finding result in this investigation shows that transfersome loaded with ethanol extract of Parkia speciosa is more stable and more easily diffused compare to the pure extract.
The activity of Terminalia chebula Retz. extract on doxorubicin-induced renal damage in rats
Authors: Muneer Aamina , Alhowail Ahmad , Aldubayan Maha , Rabbani Syed Imam
Published: February 2024

Context: Doxorubicin (DXR) is a common anticancer drug known to produce several complications. Terminalia chebula popularly known as ‘King of medicine’ is found to possess wound healing, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Aims: To evaluate the effects of Terminalia chebula extract on doxorubicin-induced renal damages in rats. Methods: Coadministration of Terminalia chebula extract (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) was tested against DXR (2.5 mg/kg) induced renal damages in rats. Additional two groups were evaluated by administering 0.5 g/kg of the extract to animals either before or after DXR treatment. Kidney function tests were performed by measuring the serum levels of urea, creatinine, uric acid, and total protein. The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated by in vivo and in vitro methods. Histopathology of kidney tissues was performed to assess the morphological changes. The significance of results obtained were statistically analyzed. Results: The data obtained indicated that co-administration of the extract at higher doses (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) significantly (p<0.01) reduces the serum levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid, and total proteins compared to DXR group. The extract also decreases the structural damages induced by DXR and exhibited antioxidant property. However, the pre- and post-treatments of Terminalia extract neither alter significantly the biomarker levels nor ameliorated the histopathological changes induced by DXR in rats. Conclusions: The observations indicated that co-administration of Terminalia chebula decreased the renal damage induced by DXR in rats. The protective action of the extract may be related to its wound-healing and antioxidant properties, the latter of which diminished the free-radical damage induced by DXR.
Rapid qualitative and quantitative HPLC/MS analysis of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in a pharmaceutical product without prior sample preparation
Authors: Yefimov Stanislav V.
Published: February 2024

Context: Sodium calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is used to bind metal ions in the practice of chelation therapy, such as treating mercury and lead poisoning. This therapy is used to treat the complication of repeated blood transfusions, as would be applied to treat thalassemia. The work is devoted to the analysis of EDTA in pharmaceutical products. Aims: To develop and validate a fast method for qualitative and quantitative estimation of EDTA in pharmaceutical products without derivatization. Methods: The Agilent 6125 C SQ LS/MS instrument was used. Mass Spectrometer was chosen to detect EDTA directly without derivatization and any preliminary sample preparation. Results: The method was validated in accordance with International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Total run time was 1.0 min. EDTA was eluted with a retention time of 0.23 ± 0.01 min. The limit of detection was 0.09 μg EDTA. Recovery varied from 100 to 113% and the relative standard deviation varied from 0 to 6%. In positive Electrospray ionization mode, the spectra showed the predominant signals at m/z of 293.2 which corresponds to cation (EDTAH+) and 315.2, which corresponds to cation (EDTANa+). Conclusions: The developed HPLC/MS method for the determination of EDTA in pharmaceutical preparations containing various other ingredients, including excipients (NaOH and benzyl alcohol), was validated for linearity, accuracy/recovery, precision and selectivity, as well as low detection limit and quantification. The method provides a fast, simple, sensitive and reproducible means of determining the pharmaceutical compositions of EDTA without derivatization and prior sample preparation.
Antimicrobial activities of isoprene compounds produced by an endophytic fungus isolated from the leaves of Coleus amboinicus Lour.
Authors: Astuti Puji , Rollando Rollando , Wahyuono Subagus , Nurrochmad Arief
Published: February 2024

Context: Medicinal plants have been reported to produce various bioactive molecules. In this study an endophytic fungus was isolated from the leaves of Coleus amboinicus Lour., a medicinal plant used in Jamu and the fungus was identified as Athelia rolfsii. Aims: To isolate, identify and characterize bioactive compound present in ethyl acetate extract of fermentation broth and determine its antimicrobial activities. Methods: The compound was isolated and purified by Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography. Antimicrobial activities were conducted by determining its IC50 and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) values against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus mutans. The structure of the bioactive compound was deduced by spectroscopic data. Results: The bioactive compound displayed antimicrobial activities with IC50 of 0.86, 1.35, 1.33, 2.69, 1.9, 0.24 µg/mL and MBC values of 40, 40, 40, 40, 20, 20 µg/mL against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, S. typhi, S. mutans, respectively. Based on IR, LC-MS, 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR data, the bioactive compound was suggested to consist of two compounds, methyl hemiterpenoate as a major compound and methyl, 2,3 diene-butanoate as the minor one. Conclusions: The endophytic fungus isolated from the leaves of C. amboinicus produced antimicrobial agents which could be potential for further development.
Health-related quality of life among undergraduate dentistry students in Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam: A cross-sectional WHOQOL‑BREF study
Authors: Vo Trung Quang , Tran Duy Duc , Dinh Hien Thi Thuong
Published: February 2024

Context: Dentistry is one of the most stressful and difficult programs in Vietnam. The quality of life (QoL) of dentistry students strongly affects their learning ability and is an issue that causes anxiety among educators. Aims: To assess the QoL of dentistry students using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument - Short Form (WHOQOL-BREF) and to explore the relationship between questionnaire scores and participant characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered directly in February to May 2019 with the participation of 201 dentistry students from three universities in southern Vietnam. Results: The mean scores of the students in the four WHOQOL-BREF domains were 57.20 ± 11.93 (physical health), 53.75 ± 14.78 (psychological health), 59.70 ± 15.68 (social relationships), and 55.79 ± 13.25 (environment). Their QoL scores were lower than those of their counterparts in the US and Pakistan. The female students had lower psychological, environmental, and physical health domain scores than those acquired by the male students (p<0.01). The frequency of physical exercise and average sleep duration was significantly associated with all the QoL domains (p<0.05). Conclusions: The WHOQOL-BREF is a suitable questionnaire for evaluating the QoL of Vietnamese dentistry students. To improve the health and well-being of this population, medical universities should innovate dentistry education programs and provide essential support, especially to female and fourth year students. Such institutions should also encourage students to participate in sport activities outside learning time and obtain enough sleep for a healthy body and satisfactory academic performance.
Effect of sociodemographic factors on quality of life of medical students in southern Vietnam: A survey using the WHOQOL-BREF assessment
Authors: Vo Trung Quang , Nguyen Hieu Thanh Thi , Ta Anh Phuong Ngoc
Published: February 2024

Context: The quality of life (QoL) of medical students can be impacted by multifarious sociodemographic factors, but it remains an important element that powerfully affects medical training and research, as well as the practice of medicine. Aims: To obtain an in-depth understanding of the quality of life of medical students in southern Vietnam. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at nine universities and schools in Southern Vietnam. The effect of various sociodemographic factors were examined on the domains of QoL using The World Health Organization Quality of Life-Biomedical Research and Education Facility (WHOQOL-BREF) scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results: Factors affecting the QoL of Vietnamese medical students included gender, academic year, ethnicity, having relatives working in the health care sector, frequency of physical activity, financial expenditures, extent of internet usage, sleep duration, use of sleep medication, frequency of social activities, and use of stimulants. Conclusions: Factors affecting the QoL have been explained to build projects that will support medical students. This will improve communication and health care services for patients in the future.
Characterization of antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects of extra virgin olive oil against doxorubicin induced cardiomyopathy in rats
Authors: AlMalki Waleed Hassan , Shahid Imran
Published: February 2024

Context: The medicinal uses of olive fruit oil (Olea europaea) are clearly documented as an anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic (type-2 DM), and to protect against heart diseases. Aims: To evaluate the therapeutic influence of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) as an antihypertensive and cardioprotective against doxorubicin (DXR) induced cardiomyopathy in rats. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into five groups as group 1 (normal control), group 2 (disease control i.e., DXR-treated) and groups 3, 4 and 5 as therapeutic groups (i.e., DXR- treated rats plus 2.5%, 5%, and 10% EVOO in diet respectively). Cardiac injury was induced by the administration of DXR. Cardioprotective, anti-hypertensive and antioxidant potential of EVOO were studied by measuring different blood, serum, and tissue biomarkers, enzymes and hemodynamic parameters in disease control and experimental rat groups. Results: Hemodynamic parameters were significantly reduced in rats administered with 2.5%, 5%, and 10% EVOO as compared to group 2 rats at p<0.05, p<0.01, and p<0.001 respectively. Serum levels of creatinine kinase, troponin T, CK-MB and LDH were found markedly reduced in rats fed with 10% dietary EVOO as compared to disease control rats (p<0.01). Serum levels of antioxidant enzymes like GSH and SOD were found significantly higher in group 5 rats as compared to group 2 at p<0.01, and p<0.001, respectively. Conclusions: Dietary administration of EVOO has the potential to reduce drug-induced cardiomyopathies and sustained use of EVOO in diet could be cardioprotective and useful against high blood pressure.
Subchronic toxicity of the pulmonary hypertension model due to low-dose monocrotaline in rats
Authors: Benavides-Cordoba Vicente , Silva-Medina Melissa , Varela María Ximena , Palacios Gómez Mauricio
Published: February 2024

Context: The study of pulmonary hypertension is mainly based on an experimental model that induces this condition using monocrotaline. Even though this model has been in use for decades, the toxic effect of low dose monocrotaline in other systems is not well described. Aims: To evaluate the renal and hepatic effects of monocrotaline in order to be able to better predict the pharmacodynamic impact that it could have. Methods: Two groups of rats were used, the first one received monocrotaline following pulmonary hypertension protocol (30 mg/kg) and the second one received saline 0.9%. At day 60 blood from the vena cava was obtained and liver and kidney were extracted for histologic exam. Fulton index (right ventricle hypertrophy measurement) was used to confirm pulmonary hypertension. Results: The monocrotaline group presents focal interstitial lymphoid infiltration and regeneration foci in the kidney as well as venous congestion of the liver in some of the animals, these changes were not found in the control group. Kidney and liver function tests showed no significant differences. These results show that low-dose monocrotaline model for pulmonary hypertension generates changes on liver and kidney; however, these alterations were not consistent, making it a viable model for evaluating new drugs in this condition. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that the low dose of monocrotaline (30 mg/kg) in animals exposed for 60 days does not cause consistent changes in liver and kidney; there were findings in some animals that could be caused by cardiovascular changes generated by pulmonary hypertension.
Hepatoprotective response of Cordia sebestena L. fruit against simvastatin induced hepatotoxicity
Authors: Chaudhary Sachin , Gupta Ramesh Kumar , Gupta Mandeep Kumar , Verma Harish Chandra , Kumar Hitesh , Kumar Amit , Swain Sudhansu Ranjan , El-Shorbagi Abdel-Nasser
Published: February 2024

Context: Cordia sebestena fruits are traditionally used to treat wounds, boils, tumors, gout, ulcer, flu, fever, asthma, menstrual cramps, dysentery, diarrhea, headache, snakebite and liver disorders. However, information on hepatoprotective potential of Cordia sebestena fruit has not been reported in the research. Aims: To evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of Cordia sebestena fruit (CSFE) against simvastatin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Methods: After authentication of fruit, its ethanolic extract was collected. Hepatotoxicity was induced by simvastatin in rodents. Hepatoprotective potential of CSFE was evaluated at 200 and 400 mg/kg, body weight by determining the altered levels of biochemical parameters like serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), cholesterol, bilirubin, urea, albumin, total protein and hematological indices including red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb), platelets, and lymphocytes along with the impact on body and liver weight of treated rats. Results: The treatment with CSFE at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, significantly at (p<0.05, p<0.001) and dose-dependently reversed simvastatin-induced altered level of SGOT, SGPT, cholesterol, urea, total bilirubin and restored the total protein and albumin level in rodents. Hematological indices also were significantly ameliorated at both the doses of CSFE. Histopathological study revealed the regeneration of hepatocytes. Conclusions: The Cordia sebestena fruit extract (CSFE) at dose of 400 mg/kg reversed liver deteriorations induced by simvastatin in rats, therefore manifesting its traditional use as hepatoprotector. Future studies should be performed for isolating biologically active phytoconstituents.
The kombucha from Rhizophora mucronata Lam. herbal tea: Characteristics and the potential as an antidiabetic beverage
Authors: Hardoko Hardoko , Harisman Evi K. , Puspitasari Yunita E.
Published: February 2024

Context: Kombucha from tea is reported to be beneficial for health. Moreover, it can be used as a hepatoprotective, antiproliferative, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and antilipidemic agent and is capable of healing stomach ulcers. But kombucha from other herbal has not been studied, including kombucha from the mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata) fruit. Aims: To evaluate the characteristics and the antidiabetic potential of kombucha herbal tea from R. mucronata fruit based on in vitro, chemistry, and physical analysis. Methods: This study was conducted by an experimental method using R. mucronata herbal tea as a kombucha drink with different sugar concentrations (10, 20, 30%) and fermentation time (7, 14, 21 days) with three replications on each experiment. The analyzed parameters were the inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme for antidiabetic activity, total phenolics, total acids, and organoleptic characteristics. Results: The sugar concentration and fermentation time significantly affected the characteristics of the produced kombucha in inhibiting α-glucosidase. The optimum treatment in inhibition was at 10% sugar concentration and 14 days of fermentation time with IC50 of 33.95 ppm. The kombucha from R. mucronata fruit had a pH of 3.11 and contained a total phenolics of 19,679.82 mg GAE/100g, 0.52% of total acids, and was quite preferred by panelists. Conclusions: Kombucha herbal tea of R. mucronata fruit has the potential as an antidiabetic drink with a lower IC50 value than acarbose drug and commercial kombucha tea.
Characterization of microparticles prepared by the solvent evaporation method, use of alcohol-soluble cellulose acetate butyrate as a carrier
Authors: Ibrahim Aram , Ali Rebaz
Published: February 2024

Context: Cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, and cellulose acetate propionate are used in solid pharmaceutical dosage forms for controlling drug delivery. The property of cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) varies according to butyryl, acetyl and hydroxyl level. These polymers are soluble in flammable organic solvents such as acetone. CAB-553-0.4, however, is characterized by its solubility in a less harmful organic solvents such as low molecular weight alcohol. Aims: To evaluate the use of CAB-553-0.4 as a new carrier for the preparation of microparticles by solvent evaporation method and comparing the result to the well-known carrier i.e., ethylcellulose (EC). Methods: The polymer organic phase containing carbamazepine or propranolol HCl was dispersion in an aqueous media containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Percent of encapsulation efficiency, EE%, was calculated and in vitro drug release from the microparticles was investigated. Results: EE% of EC microparticles was relatively high (71%) for carbamazepine and low for propranolol HCl. However, the EE% of propranolol HCl increased by two folds when CAB used as a carrier. EE% of carbamazepine was decreased by increasing the volume of the aqueous phase from EC- and unchanged from CAB-microparticles. The optimum concentration of PVA was 0.25% w/v and the EE% was decreased with increasing temperature. Carbamazepine release from EC- and CAB-microparticles was similar, however, propranolol HCl release was slower from CAB- microparticles than EC microparticles. Conclusions: CAB-553-0.4 is an interesting carrier for the formulation of microparticles, loaded with a water-soluble drug, by solvent evaporation.
Bioaccessibility studies of Fe, Cu and Zn from Spirulina dietary supplements with different excipient composition and dosage form
Authors: Principe María V. , Permigiani Isis S. , Della Vedova María C. , Petenatti Elisa , Pacheco Pablo , Gil Raúl A.
Published: February 2024

Context: The cyanobacteria Spirulina is a food supplement according to its high nutritional value. However, the bioaccesibility (Bac) of nutrients like Fe, Cu and Zn from Spirulina can be affected by excipients and formulations of supplements. Aims: To evaluate the Bac of Fe, Cu and Zn from different commercial presentations of Spirulina-based dietary supplements according to excipients and formulations. Methods: Microscopic studies were performed to study Spirulina content in dietary supplements. Total Fe, Cu and Zn concentrations were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Bac was calculated as the ratio between total metal concentration and the metal concentration after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Results: The Spirulina fragments concentration in the analyzed dietary supplements were different, corresponding to 2.21 × 109 – 4.46 × 109 cell fragments/g (p = 0.021; 95% confidence). Fe, Cu and Zn concentrations in Spirulina dietary supplements ranged from 63 ± 1 – 1066 ± 7 µg/g, 1.8 ± 0.1 – 187.9 ± 1.9 µg/g and 3.0 ± 0.3 – 57.3 ± 0.6 µg/g, respectively. Fe, Cu and Zn Bac were higher in the intestinal digestion stage in samples with high Spirulina count. Fe Bac was lower in tablets. Cu Bac was higher in the oral phase rather than the intestinal phase when Cu is present in excipients and not in Spirulina. Zn Bac decreases when Mg stearate is introduced as an excipient. Conclusions: The Bac of Fe, Cu, and Zn from Spirulina dietary supplements showed to be affected by excipients composition and by the solid dosage form. The different commercial presentations of Spirulina affect their nutritional value.
Immunomodulatory effect of Parkia speciosa Hassk. pods extract on rat induced by Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Fitrya Fitrya , Amriani Annisa , Novita Rennie Puspa , Elfita Elfita , Setiorini Dewi
Published: February 2024

Context: Parkia speciosa, which has phenolic compounds and pharmacology activities, is a plant having potential immunomodulatory agents from the extract of its pod. Aims: To evaluate the potential of P. speciosa as an immunomodulatory agent tested on albino rats induced by the bacteria Salmonella typhimurium leading to typhoid fever. Methods: The animals were divided into six groups: normal non-infected group, negative control group, positive control, and three test groups with doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg BW. The test groups were treated by the extract for 12 days. The control and test groups were induced with the S. typhimurium on the 8th day. On day 12th, CD4+, total leukocytes, differential cell count, and histology of the spleen organ were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed by using one-way ANOVA followed post hoc LSD test (α 0.05). Results: The result showed that the ethanol extract of P. speciosa pod could increase the number of CD4+. The extract to 200 and 400 mg/kg BW doses increased in the parameters of leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte with insignificant differences compared to that of the positive control group (p>0.05). However, there were significant differences between the two first parameters between the test group with 800 mg/kg BW doses compared to the positive control group. Moreover, more necroses in the spleen were observed from histological analysis on 800 mg/kg BW doses than 400 mg/kg BW. Conclusions: In general, P. speciosa ethanolic extract can increase the immune system based on the CD4+ count, leukocyte, monocyte, and neutrophil, and causes normal necroses in low doses.