bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population Dynamics of Sugarcane Moth Borers in Indonesian Cane Fields
Authors: Sallam Nader , Achadian Etik Mar'ati , Kristini Ari , Magarey Rob , Deomano Emily
Published: September 2021

We conducted monthly monitoring of lepidopterous moth borers in four sugarcane fields in Java, Indonesia, from May 2009 to May 2011. Fields sampled belonged to Pesantren Baru, Jombang Baru, Gondang Baru and Subang sugar factories. Three main moth borer species were found to inflict damage to sugarcane plantations in all regions, and these are the stalk borers Chilo sacchariphagus (Bojer) and Chilo auricilius Dudgeon and the top borer Scirpophaga excerptalis (Walker). Tetramoera (Eucosma) schistaceana (Snellen) was also encountered but only caused minor damage. Borer populations increased with plant age and reached a peak around January – May in most cases, with the onset of rainfall triggering population rise. All borers coexisted in the same plant with no evidence of competition between the two stalk borers (C. sacchariphagus and C. auricilius) over their specific feeding location (internode) or between the two stalk borers and the top borer (S. excerptalis) over the same plant. This suggests that an infestation by one species does not make the plant less desirable to be colonised by another. Parasitism rates by natural enemies were very low which reflects the challenges facing biological control efforts in Java. Knowledge generated through this project will improve our understanding of borer dynamics in South East Asia and will enhance our preparedness for potential introduction by any of these pests into Australia
Spillovers and Dynamic Correlations between REITs, Exchange Rates, and Equities in Japan
Authors: Tsuji Chikashi
Published: September 2021

This paper investigates return transmission, volatility spillovers, and dynamic correlations between the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE) Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) index, the Nikkei 225 index, and the yen/dollar exchange rate. As a result, we find many new findings and these all show our significant contributions as follows. First, there is return transmission from the Nikkei 225 to the TSE REIT index. Second, there is bidirectional return transmission between the Nikkei 225 and the yen/dollar exchange rate. Third, there are bidirectional volatility spillovers between the Nikkei 225 and the TSE REIT index. Fourth, there are volatility spillovers from the Nikkei 225 to the yen/dollar exchange rate. Fifth, dynamic conditional correlations (DCCs) between TSE REIT returns and Nikkei 225 returns are not low. Moreover, DCCs between Nikkei 225 returns and yen/dollar exchange rate changes are not high. Furthermore, DCCs between TSE REIT returns and yen/dollar exchange rate changes are quite low. These our new findings shall be useful for not only deepening our understanding of financial markets but also our related future research.
Iatrogenic scleroderma renal crisis: A case report and mini literature review for renal crisis
Authors: Boz Gülşah , Karahan Samet , Yüksek Nurdan
Published: September 2021

Background: Systemic sclerosis is a connective tissue disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and organs, marked changes in microvascular structure, cellular and humoral immune disorders. Renal involvement is more frequent and mainly characterized by moderate proteinuria, elevated serum creatinine levels, and hypertension. The most common kidney involvement in SSc is scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) that is fatal without prompt intervention.Case report: A 52-year-old Caucasian male with known diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis was hospitalized with communityacquired pneumonia. On the fifth day after appropriate antibiotic therapy and 60 mg/day methylprednisolone, decreased urine output, arterial hypertension, decreased renal function and pulmonary edema developed. The patient was diagnosed with a scleroderma renal crisis. Emergency hemodialysis was applied to the patient, and captopril 6 × 25 mg/day and nifedipine 2*60 mg/day treatment were given. He received a routine hemodialysis program for about three months. The hemodialysis program was terminated when the patient’s urine quality and quantity increased.Conclusions: SRC, characterized by malignant hypertension, azotemia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and kidney failure, is one of the most important complications of systemic sclerosis with a poor prognosis without prompt intervention. Steroid use is one of the important risk factors that precipitate SRC development. With angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, survival increased after SRC, the need for dialysis decreased, and usually allowed the discontinuation of dialysis treatment within about 6-18 months. Suspicion of SRC in the presence of the above-mentioned findings in patients with a diagnosis or suspected systemic sclerosis can be considered the most important treatment step.
Research on the Influence of Superior Satisfaction on Subordinate Tacit Understanding
Authors: Zhou Hongbin , Wan Kaiyu
Published: September 2021

In today's increasingly competitive society, organizational members need to find some innovative ways to promote cooperation and increase organizational competitiveness. Subordinate tacit understanding occupies an important position in eastern culture and also plays an important role in the cooperation between superiors and subordinates in enterprises. However, there is a lack of research on the antecedent variables of subordinates' tacit understanding. From the perspective of employees, this paper investigates the positive impact of superior satisfaction on subordinates' tacit understanding, and further explores the influencing mechanism -- the mediating role of leader-member exchange and the moderating role of face consciousness.
Prognostic significance of SOX2 and GPC3 in Ameloblastoma and its malignant counterpart (Ameloblastic Carcinoma)
Authors: Hasan Shaza I.A. , Nagdy Sherief Y.M. El , Ibrahim Mona M.A.
Published: September 2021

Background: Ameloblastoma is a common benign aggressive odontogenic tumor with a tendency for high recurrence rate. Ameloblastic Carcinoma is the malignant counterpart of Ameloblastoma. However, they are usually difficult to be distinguished from one another. Therefore, using Immunohistochemical markers might be beneficial for diagnosing them accurately.Objective: Evaluation of SOX2 and GPC3 expressions as well as evaluating their roles in the tumorigenesis and the biological behavior of Ameloblastoma and Ameloblastic Carcinoma.Methods: Tissue samples are composed of 34 archived histopathologically confirmed cases of (19 Conventional Ameloblastomas, and 15 Ameloblatic Carcinomas). Sections were subjected to Immunohistochemical staining according to a standard protocol by applying antibodies to SOX2, and GPC3.Results: SOX2 and GPC3 expressions in recurrent Ameloblastoma were significantly higher than non- recurrent cases. Ameloblastic Carcinoma showed the highest immune-reactivity to SOX2 and GPC3 compared to the Conventional Ameloblastoma. Desmoplastic Ameloblastoma showed the highest scores of SOX2 and GPC3 compared to the other subtypes.Conclusions: SOX2 and GPC3 can be used as a panel for diagnosing the aggressive and the malignant odontogenic tumors accurately. Desmoplastic Ameloblastoma behaves more aggressively than other Conventional Ameloblastoma subtypes.
Communicative Reading Comprehension Competency Influences Written Composition Skills Performance of Faculty in English Discipline
Authors: Ambulong Ma. Delia G. , Jumsali Jazziem M. , Barnido Annie Vee M. , Abdurahman Allan J.
Published: September 2021

James Britton proposed three primary language functions, which researchers tested using faculty members from Tawi-Tawi Regional Agricultural College (TRAC), for communicative reading comprehension—transactional, expressive, and poetic. Tawi-Tawi has many schools with high literacy levels, which contributes to a better society and a more peaceful country. The results revealed that the gender of the respondents had no bearing on their level of communication competency, and no significant differences were found between male and female faculty members. Additionally, there was no significant relationship found between the socio-demographic profiles and teaching performance of the faculty members in the English discipline.
The Correlation between Old and New Linguistic Paradigms: A Literature Review Based on Kuhn’s School of Thoughts
Authors: Alsubaiai Hanan Sarhan
Published: September 2021

This study aims to assess the evidence regarding the relationship between previous and new schools of linguistics. According to Kuhn (1970), old linguistic paradigms incorporate vocabulary and apparatus from previous or traditional paradigms. In particular, this review addresses the Question: Do new paradigms in linguistic arise from old or previous ones, as Kuhn suggested? The study is significant in understanding emerging schools of linguistics based on previous ones. A qualitative literature review was applied to compare new and old schools of linguistics. According to the findings, there is substantial evidence that functionalism, structuralism, and Transformational-Generative Grammar support Kuhn's argument. Most notably, the changes of the transformational-generative grammar from a consistent and straightforward Standard Theory to an improved Extended Standard Theory, and finally, to the Minimalist Program, point towards the same conclusion. Interestingly, the transformations demonstrate how new paradigms arise from old paradigms without borrowing many concepts, terms, and experiments from them. This study draws the attention of linguists in the 21st Century to pay closer attention to the trends in schools of linguistics. 
The Relationships Between Music Performance Anxiety and the Mindfulness Levels of Music Teacher Candidates
Authors: Jelen Birsen
Published: September 2021

In this study the relationships between the Music Performance Anxiety (MPA) levels and mindfulness levels of Music Teacher Candidates (MTC) were investigated. A large sample of undergraduate students (N = 524) from seven different universities from around Turkey took place in the study. The data was collected with both Kenny’s MPA inventory and the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire. The Pearson Moments Correlation Coefficient was used in determining the relationships between the MPA and mindfulness levels of the MTC. To determine whether the MPA of students and mindfulness differ in terms of piano lesson achievement and daily piano practice time (DPPT) variables, a variance analysis (ANOVA) and a Kruskal Wallis H test analyses were used. Students’ mindfulness levels were negatively correlated with their MPA levels. Their piano lesson achievement levels had positive relationship with mindfulness and a negative relationship with their MPA. Similarly, their DPPT had a positive relationship with mindfulness and a negative relationship with MPA.
Electrodeposition of Bi-Se thin films involving ethylene glycol based electrolytes
Authors: Javadova Sevinj , Majidzade Vusala Asim , Aliyev Akif Shikhan , Azizova Asmat Nizami , Tagiyev Dilgam Babir
Published: September 2021

The work is devoted to the electrochemical deposition of Bi-Se thin films from ethylene glycol-based electrolytes. The studies have been carried out by potentiodynamic and galvanostatic methods under various conditions, using Pt and Ni electrodes. By recording cyclic and linear polarization curves, the potential range of deposition of thin Bi-Se films on Pt (-0.75 to -1.2 V) and Ni (0.2 to -0.85 V) electrodes was determined. A comparison of the polarization curves of two electrodes showed that co-electrodeposition of Bi and Se occurs in approximately the same potential range. In order to find the optimal mode and composition of the electrolyte, the effect of various factors (concentration of initial components, temperature, etc.) on the process of co-electrodeposition of Bi with Se was studied. In addition, the samples of Bi-Se thin films obtained on Ni electrodes using the galvanostatic method were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray phase analysis. The results of X-ray phase analysis confirmed the formation of thin Bi2Se3 films with and without additional heat treatment step. Elemental analysis of obtained films carried out by EDS shows that films contained 62.79 wt. % Bi and 37.21 wt. % Se.
Introduction to Deliberations on State Security Strategy
Authors: Ratusznyj Roman , Wiśniewski Bernard , Sander Gerald G. , Pantya Peter
Published: September 2021

esearch conducted in the area of security sciences leads to the identification of many determinants of state security. Among them, a prominent place is occupied by a design determinant, namely the strategy. At the basis of considerations presented in this article lies an assumption that constant changes accompanying security of the state and the limited potential of state institutions designed to ensure it are associated with the need for a permanent quest for effective legal and organisational solutions to ensure undisturbed existence and possibility of the development of the state — permanent, because the interrelation between threats and challenges and state security will never be at least balanced. The problem can be resolved by constructing and then improving the strategy of state security. The introduction emphasises the multifaceted nature of security and its form, which is the safety of a particular organisation such as the state. Subsequently, on the basis of a review of representative scientific publications on management and security, the essence of the strategy was presented. It was necessary in order to identify similarities and differences in the commonly available definitions of the strategy formulated by recognised scientific authorities. In turn, this procedure provided a basis for the presentation of practical aspects of preparation and development of national security strategy, and the role of public administration in this regard. The study is crowned with conclusions summarising substantive and research issues of the presented content. In the process of research, the results of which are presented in this article, we implemented a method of examining the content of selected literature relating to the scientific problem reflected in the title of the paper that consisted in: analysis, synthesis, comparison, abstraction, generalisation and inference.
Psychology of Terrorism: Intimidation by Destroying One’s Own Life in the Donetsk Basin
Authors: Boltivets Sergij , Okhremenko Olga
Published: September 2021

The article presents the psychological genesis of terrorism in eastern Ukraine, referred to as the Donetsk Basin, during the Soviet era, which resulted from prioritising coal over the lives of Ukrainians affected by famine, executions, evictions and repression imposed by Russians. The replacement of the ethnic composition of the population by people from Russia led to the formation of a group of colonisers of Ukraine. This required creating an atmosphere of constant tension, fear and criminalised violence. As a consequence, the Donetsk Basin has become a favourable environment for Russians and their supporters, who were potentially prone to terrorist acts, and the most dangerous category of such persons — suicide bombers. The paper describes the emergence of a wave theory concerning terrorism in Europe, radical movements in Ireland, Macedonia, Serbia, Italy and Spain, as well as the current state of terrorism in Italy, Germany, Japan and many other countries. It covers the first terrorist act of Russia’s hybrid war against Ukraine near the village of Kamyanka, in the Donetsk region, where a checkpoint of the Armed Forces of Ukraine was attacked by a suicide bomber using a minibus loaded with explosives. It was also a place where other similar terrorist acts took place and the manifesto of Australian terrorist Brenton Tarrant was distributed in the centre of Ukraine by a terrorist group from the Russian Federation in order to involve prone persons in subversive activities on racial and religious grounds. The study was created using a nonparametric typology, based on the analysis of at least two parameters: the nuclei of vulnerabilities (targets of influence) and the features of intrapsychic formations arising under their influence. This allowed identifying five psychotypes of potential suicide bombers: of a person who has lost emotional connection with the outside world; of a fanatic of faith, associated with the activation of ‘mortido’ — the desire for death; of a fanatic of an idea, which considers the cessation of life as a spiritual transformation, and martyrdom as an integral element of the spiritual path; of a potential suicide bomber associated with extreme manifestations of protest behaviour; persons with psychopathic changes in personality structure. The paper establishes the prevalence of these psychotypes and comparative possibilities of influencing each of them.
Investigation of Certain Components
of Tourism Safety in the Visegrád Countries
Authors: Mátyás Szabolcs , Tokodi Panna , Vári Vince , Tihanyi Miklós
Published: September 2021

Before 2019, tourism around the world was breaking records in numbers every year. If we compare the number of people involved in tourism with the values of a few decades ago, we can witness an amazing development. Concerning all four countries (Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic and Slovakia) we can say that the historical roots are very similar. Still, at the same time, they have taken a specific and, in many cases, separate paths to reach the current level of development.The World Tourism Organisation does not consider Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia as a separate touristic region. However, considering the current touristic trends, we can say that more and more people arriving from far-away places look at this area as one region. During their holiday, they visit several countries. Those working in the field of tourism mostly speak the most common world languages. It is not easy to use exact indicators of the local population’s helpfulness, but most Europeans can be said to be understanding and helpful to tourists. The current study aims to introduce and analyse the current trends of tourism safety of the V4 countries.
Principles of Police Activities Involving
Foreign Violators
Authors: Nováková Iveta
Published: September 2021

Fundamental human rights and liberties are the highest values in society and, therefore, must be fully protected. The state has developed a protective mechanism that comprises the Police Force with its primary function — to serve and protect the rights and liberties of citizens in the Slovak Republic. If human rights and liberties are restricted or violated, the police take control over unlawful acts by the performance of police activities. Such control is based on the legal norms which determine the powers of the state authorities. On the other side, a set of legal principles stipulate the performance of police activities and have a considerable influence on the service activities exercised by members of the Police Force and their legal status. Proper understanding of these principles has a positive impact on the quality of respecting human rights and liberties by police officers, an aspect of which is that foreign nationals should be given special consideration, especially due to language differences. The paper, which is a part of the national research project, analyses the legislative framework of the police performance with a particular focus on foreigners who are frequent violators at public sports and cultural events. The main problem is the knowledge and use of the common language by police officers and foreign violators as many times violent acts are, at the first stage, solved using proper spoken orders (communication).
Polish Approach to Sharing Resources Deployable for the EU Civil Protection Mechanism
Authors: Zwęgliński Tomasz
Published: September 2021

Poles are highly aware of the fact that Polish civil protection assets are being deployed abroad in order to assist other disaster- and crisis-stricken countries around the world. Such a type of urgent assistance provided from one country to another in an emergency response situation is regulated and organised by the European Union. Poland, as a state participating in the EU international system, is very active in sharing its civil protection assets, such as in the Beirut explosion case in Lebanon (2020), and during forest fires in Sweden (2018). Using its civil protection resources to assist other countries poses a question on the potential influence of such activities on the homeland’s internal security. Solving the problem has to be preceded by answering the following question — How is the process of international civil protection deployment organised in Poland?
Responding to this question required utilising such methods as a review and analysis of literature sources on the European dimension of civil protection, EU legal regulations, statistics, reports as well as Polish standard operating procedures and internal regulations on the national level and was the key method applied in the research. Furthermore, semi-formal interviews with Polish and EU experts were done. The findings prove that operational planning in the researched area is well organised, which significantly diminishes the identified risk for internal security.
Commanding Police Operations Using a Mobile Distribution Point of ICT Infrastructure
Authors: Kasprowicz Grzegorz , Poźniak Krzysztof , Zabołotny Wojciech , Tyburska Agata , Struniawski Jarosław
Published: September 2021

Currently, public safety is threatened by emergencies related to broadly understood terrorism, natural disasters and technical failures or related to mass events, public gatherings and state or religious ceremonies and other situations causing risks that may lead to losing control over the course of events. It makes the police take specific actions as part of organised police activities, primarily police operations. The condition for the efficiency and effectiveness of the command in the police is to develop new, alternative, innovative technical solutions. The Mobile Distribution Point of ICT Infrastructure serves as an example in this respect. It will be an autonomous node that integrates technologically advanced ICT services, such as voice, data and image transmission, GPS positioning, for the needs of mobile command posts and the provision of ICT infrastructure in a specific area. Currently, the Polish police do not have a similar device, which reduces effective operation in emergencies.
Risks of Corruption in the Context
of Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Franchuk Vasyl
Published: September 2021

orruption is a social evil that encroaches on certain human values, and various law enforcement agencies and institutions function to combat it. In many countries, the fight against organised crime, as well as crimes in the economic and financial spheres, is handled by various specialised law enforcement agencies. In addition, experts claim that the pandemic has negatively affected the situation with corruption around the world and COVID-19 is a challenge to the anti-corruption fight of each country. Available reports indicate that corruption is widespread throughout the COVID-19 response: from bribery in the procurement of tests, medicines, and provision of medical services for public procurement of medicines and general preparedness for emergencies. This situation has some shortcomings of a total crime prevention and may reduce the priority of the fight against corruption in the general list of combating economic crimes and organised crime. To provide effective counteraction against corruption-related crimes, it is rather important to find out the reasons for them and preconditions of their origin, especially their certain types which have spread during the pandemic. In this context, the research analysis of Ukrainian and foreign scientists from all the world is of particular importance. It will give us the possibility to justify, under modern conditions, the recommendations aimed at improving the drawing up of the content of administrative and criminal offences as well as administrative and criminal sanctions for corruption-related crimes.
An Overview of Different Types of Crime Stemming Directly or Indirectly from the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Petrova Tsvetana
Published: September 2021

The article discusses numerous issues related to the effects of the current pandemic on social and economic life in Bulgaria. The crisis has generated many problems that demand legislative measures if they are to be addressed properly. Several types of crimes tend to rise in number due to the situation of travelling bans, reduction of salaries or losing jobs, healthcare system deficiencies, social isolation. Crimes such as profiteering, frauds, some document crimes, and crimes against the health of others are in direct connection with the pandemic, while other crimes (e.g. cyber-crimes and domestic violence acts), having other problems at their root and occurring during prolonged lockdowns, are indirectly related to it. This was the reason for introducing certain amendments in the Bulgarian Criminal Code which are analysed and explained in the present article. Another important issue is that of outlining some future tendencies in crime rates and speculating on several criminogenic factors that are going to play the main role in tomorrow’s criminality and, consequently, in criminal trials.
First record of Orsodacne altra (Coleoptera: Orsodacnidae) and Cyrtosus cyanipennis (Coleoptera: Malachiidae) associated to Dactylopius opuntiae (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) in Morocco
Authors: El Aalaoui Mohamed , El Bouhssini Mustapha , Rachid Bouharroud , Mohamed Sbaghi
Published: September 2021

Recently Dactylopius opuntiae Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell, 1896) (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) has caused enormous damage in several production areas of cactus in Morocco. The spread of infestation by this scale pest is fast and unpredictable, and consequently, the destruction of large areas planted with cactus in several regions of the Kingdom. In aim to discover natural enemies that have the capacity and potential to be used as mealybug predators, a team of researchers have conducted surveys in cactus production areas. In January 2020 two unidentified Coleoptera species were observed associated to
D. opuntiae in an infested cactus crop in El-Gharbia locality. The observed species were identified as Orsodacne altra (Ahrens, 1810) and Cyrtosus cyanipennis (Erichson, 1840). The current study represents the first register of these two genera associated to cactus mealybug in Morocco.
Living with Cultivating Messages
Authors: Pelzer Elena
Published: September 2021

How are our conceptions of social reality affected by messages from television? Most cultivation studies addressing this question focus on media effects. However, this book adopts a new perspective and examines cultivating messages themselves. The book addresses what messages are and how uniform messages differ from genre-specific messages and metanarratives. It brings together different perspectives and introduces a new concept, coined 'subgenre messages', which takes into account the shift towards online television in the media landscape. The book’s computational simulation study shows how some message concepts are more similar than others. Finally, subgenre messages emerge as the most robust in the face of bias.
Das Elend der Anderen
Authors: Jekel-Twittmann Franziska
Published: September 2021

Literary depictions of poverty have led to controversial discussions about the poetological, political and social aspects of representation. By focusing on narrated spaces and places in contemporary novels by Rafael Chirbes, Marlene Streeruwitz and Marie NDiaye, this monograph analyses the narrative aspect of social structures as well as literature’s ability to critically engage with its own agency. It demonstrates how literary texts reveal the mechanisms of stereotypical narrations about poverty and the ‘poor’ that have influenced social structures since antiquity by either reproducing or destabilising them.
Neonatal Supraventricular Tachycardia: Outcomes Over a 10-Year Period at a Single Institution
Authors: AKDUMAN Hasan , DİLLİ Dilek , ÖZGÜR Senem , KAYA GÜRSOY Başak , ÖRÜN Utku Arman , AYDOĞAN Seda , ÇİTLİ Rumeysa , DİNLEN FETTAH Nurdan , KAYA ÇELEBİ Serpil , ZENCİROĞLU Ayşegül
Published: September 2021

Objective: Supraventricular tachycardia, one of the most common conditions requiring emergency cardiac intervention in newborns, is also the most common symptomatic tachyarrhythmia in newborns. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment approach is important.

Method: Demographic findings, clinical findings, and treatment approaches of newborns hospitalized with the diagnosis of supraventricular tachycardia between January 2011 and November 2020 in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of our hospital were evaluated retrospectively.

Results: Thirty-eight patients without congenital heart disease (except secundum-type atrial septal defect) and diagnosed with supraventricular tachycardia were evaluated retrospectively. The mean week of gestation was 38.2 ± 1.8, the mean age at diagnosis was 10.7 ± 10.1 days, the number of patients with heart failure was 8 (21%), the number of patients with Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome was 8 (21%), the number of patients with fetal arrhythmia was 6 (15.7%) and the mean number of hospitalization days was 15.7±13.5. The patients were given adenosine in the first stage and propranolol, amiodarone, propafenone and flecainide in the second stage as medical treatment. Cardioversion was performed in 5 (13%) patients due to resistant supraventricular tachycardia.

Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment of supraventricular tachycardia are very important in terms of reducing morbidity and mortality. Therefore, we think that increasing awareness of supraventricular tachycardia among clinicians following newborn babies will enable newborns with supraventricular tachycardia to receive early diagnosis and treatment.
Comparison of Effects of Ketamine, Esmolol and Lidocaine on Propofol Injection Pain
Authors: MORALAR Döndü Genç , TÜRKMEN Aygen Ülkü , ALTAN Aysel Hatice
Published: September 2021

Objective: Propofol is the most frequently used agent for intravenous anesthesia administration. However, during propofol injection, pain may develop in the hand and forearm region and cause unwanted situations. Different applications have been used to prevent propofol injection pain. Although lidocaine is often used for proprofol injection pain, anesthetic agent ketamine, which has an analgesic feature, is also preferred. In recent years, the analgesic feature of esmolol, a short-acting beta blocker, has been emphasized.
Our aim was to evaluate the effects of three different agents, ketamine, esmolol or lidocaine, on the severity of pain developing by propofol injection. Also, hemodynamic effects were investigated.
Methods: Sixty cases in ASA groups I and II, aged from 18 to 80 years old undergoing elective operations included in the study. To reduce the pain due to propofol injection, patients were given either 0.5 mg/kg ketamine, 0.5 mg/kg esmolol HCl or 0.5 mg/kg lidocaine.
For induction 1% propofol injection was administered, presence and severity of pain in the arm was questioned and recorded. To evaluate the severity of pain developing due to propofol injection, a 4-point numerical scale was used (no pain: 1, mild pain: 2, moderate pain: 3 and severe pain: 4). Arm pull motion was also recorded.
Results: There were no significant differences between the groups according to the severity of pain and pulling arm rates. There was no significant difference between hemodynamic parameters in the groups preoperatively, first, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th and 30th minute.
Conclusion: Ketamine, esmolol, and lidocaine can safely control the severity of pain developing by propofol injection. Esmolol, ketamine and lidocaine provided effective analgesia at the doses used in our study without affecting the hemodynamic findings of the patients.
Primary Extraosseous Ewing Sarcoma of the Upper Limb: Report of a Rare Case
Authors: Mafi Ahmad R , Barati Hasan , Ramezani Keyvan
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Extraosseous Ewing sarcomas (EESs) are rare tumors that originate from soft tissues. Upper extremity EESs account for about 3% of all cases. Here we reported a case of ESS of the upper limb whose management became complicated due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Case Presentation: A 27-year-old female with EES of the right deltoid region presented after 3 months delay when the tumor had reached a huge size. Neoadjuvant therapy was initiated for her with acceptable results, however, her surgical treatment was postponed 3 times due to the cancellation of elective operations in the hospital as well as her involvement with COVID-19 infection. She developed multiple pulmonary metastases shortly after the surgery and passed away within a fortnight due to respiratory complications. Conclusions: Although not “emergent” by definition, surgical treatment of patients with cancer, especially those who suffer from malignancies with high metastatic potential such as Ewing sarcoma (including EES), should not be considered as “elective” since the disease may progress in a short time and become incurable.
Risk Factors for Mucormycosis in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Taghinejad Zahra , Asgharzadeh Mohammad , Asgharzadeh Vahid , Kazemi Abdolhassan
Published: September 2021

: Opportunistic infections, such as mucormycosis, in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients has become a new health challenge. Since opportunistic infections can exacerbate COVID-19 patients' status, it is vital to identify the risk factors to prevent, diagnose, and treat them as soon as possible. Viral, fungal, environmental, and host factors may be responsible for this situation. Long hospital stays, impaired host immune system function due to viral infection, and excessive consumption of glucocorticoids in managing COVID-19 patients are the main risk factors for the increased risk of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients. Educating health care workers and considering the association between mucormycosis of the paranasal sinuses and different strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as the cause of COVID-19 can help prevent invasive fungal sinusitis in COVID-19 patients.
Initial Limb Salvage Intervention for a Mangled Lower Extremity in a Four-Year-Old Male: A Case Report of the Alternatives in Low-resource Settings
Authors: Mensah Kofi Tawiah
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Mangled extremity injuries in civilian settings are challenging conditions for the accident and emergency units of low-resource settings where salvage therapies may not be feasible or affordable for the patients. Case Report: We have described a successful case of initial conservative limb salvage management for a mangled distal left lower limb in a four-year-old male who sustained the injury when a vehicle ran over his extremity as he played by the road. The treatment approach was in contrast to the radical completion of amputation with its attendant revisions, which are associated with similar injuries with the mangled extremity severity scores of ≥ 7. Conclusions: The benefits and challenges of the limb salvage intervention were discussed based on the literature in this regard, and a recommendation was proposed while considering an initial conservative limb salvage approach in well-resuscitated children presenting early with a mangled extremity injury.
Сoronary Artery Bypass Grafting in a Patient with Congenital Chest Abnormality with Poland Syndrome
Authors: Alshibaya Michael Mikhailovich , Mamalyga Maxim Leonidovich , Musin Dzhanybek Yerikovich , Dorofeev Alexey Vladimirovich , Getsadze Gela Guramovich , Krymov Konstantin Vladislavovich , Cheishvili Zurab Merabovich
Published: September 2021

Introduction: A rare clinical case of coronary artery bypass grafting in congenital chest abnormality with Poland syndrome is described. This syndrome is a congenital anomaly, which is characterized by a combination of unilateral aplasia or hypoplasia of the sternocostal head of the pectoralis major muscle with ipsilateral brachysyndactyly in the classic version. The cause of Poland syndrome is unknown, but it is believed that it can form with a short-term decrease in blood flow in the subclavian and vertebral arteries. Case Presentation: The presented case shows the possibility of successful completion of coronary artery bypass grafting in Poland syndrome. Revascularization by transluminal balloon angioplasty with stenting reduces the risk of postoperative complications. However, given the degree of damage to the coronary bed and myocardium, in some cases, the patient needs to undergo only coronary artery bypass grafting. The presented case shows the possibility of successful completion of coronary artery bypass grafting in Poland syndrome. Conclusions: We believe that, despite the high risks of postoperative complications, patients with Poland syndrome can be recommended to perform a planned operation of coronary artery bypass grafting, including access through a median sternotomy.
Naphthalene Poisoning During a Decade: A Retrospective Clinical Study
Authors: Memar Hoda , Erfan Talab Evini Peyman , Seirafi Golnar , Rahimi Mitra
Published: September 2021

: In this study, we investigated the naphthalene poisoning cases using the archived medical records of patients who were referred to Loghman-Hakim Hospital in Tehran, Iran, from 2008 to 2018. In the 52 studied cases, the highest prevalence was observed in the age groups of below five years and 20 - 25 years. Eighteen (34%) patients had no symptoms, and in others, gastrointestinal problems were the most common complaints. None of the patients needed intubation, and no one was admitted to the intensive care unit. Hemolysis was observed only in one patient with a background of G6PD deficiency. The average length of hospital stay was one day, and all patients improved without any complications. In general, naphthalene poisoning is not highly prevalent in Iran and usually does not cause severe morbidity and mortality. However, it is an available substance and can cause serious complications, especially in children. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the clinical characteristics of these patients to improve the quality of health care.
X-Ray Computed Tomography Instrument Performance Evaluation, Part III:
Sensitivity to Detector Geometry and Rotation Stage Errors at Different
Magnifications
Authors: Jaganmohan Prashanth , Muralikrishnan Bala , Shilling Meghan , Morse Edward
Published: September 2021

With steadily increasing use in dimensional metrology applications, especially for delicate parts and those with complex internal features, X-ray computed tomography (XCT) has transitioned from a medical imaging tool to an inspection tool in industrial metrology. This has resulted in the demand for standardized test procedures and performance evaluation standards to enable reliable comparison of different instruments and support claims of metrological traceability. To meet these emerging needs, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) recently released the B89.4.23 standard for performance evaluation of XCT systems. There are also ongoing efforts within the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to develop performance evaluation documentary standards that would allow users to compare measurement performance across instruments and verify manufacturer’s performance specifications. Designing these documentary standards involves identifying test procedures that are sensitive to known error sources. This paper, which is the third in a series, focuses on geometric errors associated with the detector and rotation stage of XCT instruments. Part I recommended positions of spheres in the measurement volume such that the sphere center-to-center distance error and sphere form errors are sensitive to the detector geometry errors. Part II reported similar studies on the errors associated with the rotation stage. The studies in Parts I and II only considered one position of the rotation stage and detector; i.e., the studies were conducted for a fixed measurement volume. Here, we extend these studies to include varying positions of the detector and rotation stage to study the effect of magnification. We report on the optimal placement of the stage and detector that can bring about the highest sensitivity to each error.
Sin og sig med flertalsantecedent fra runesten til LANCHART
Authors: Ehlers Katrine Rosendahl
Published: September 2021

In modern Danish, the reflexive pronouns sin and sig differ in terms of their ability to corefer with a plural antecedent. The reflexive possessive sin typically only allows singular antecedents and the reflexive pronoun sig allows both singular and plural antecedents. Instead of sin, speakers use the non-reflexive deres to corefer with a plural antecedent.

This difference between sin and sig is fairly new. Up until the beginning of the twentieth century, many speakers used not only sin but also sig primarily with singular antecedents and the non-reflexive counterparts deres and dem with plural antecedents. This usage pattern goes back to before the thirteenth century. In this paper I investigate the development in the use of sin and sig with plural antecedents. In the earliest runic sources of Danish from before 1000 AD, both sin and sig are

used with plural antecedents. In the Middle Danish provincial laws from the thirteenth century, sin and sig are both restricted to occurring mainly with singular antecedents. This usage, reflexive pronouns/possessives with singular antecedents and non-reflexive pronouns/possessives with plural antecedents, is found in the spoken language at least until the twentieth century. However, I show with data from the spoken corpus LANCHART that the use of dem with plural antecedents has almost disappeared in modern Danish.
Markering af propriumsfunktion ved omvendt ledstilling
Authors: Sandst Line
Published: September 2021

In this article, I discuss a type of proper name that is rarely discussed among linguistics and name researchers, however often found among the category of commercial names in the linguistic landscapes in cities. The proper name type differs from other proper name types due to its in Danish unconventional structure of having the part of the compound that describes the locality as the first part of the expression, e.g. Café Sommersko, and not as the last part of the compound, e.g. *Sommerskocaféen that is the common structure in Danish and other Germanic languages.

I argue that the unconventional word formation evokes the instant notion of proper name status, hence has the ability to bypass the time factor that expressions needs in order to obtain proper name status. Therefore, the unconventional expression can be used to exploit the untapped linguistic possibility in Danish language for name givers to form instant proper names.
Severin Boethius and his “Consolation by Philosophy” (clarifications to “enigma” by S. Boethius)
Authors: Petrushenko Viktor Leont'evich
Published: September 2021

This article sheds light on the well-known enigma of the treatise “Consolation by Philosophy” by Severin Boethius: why in the conditions of being condemned to death the Christian thinker turns not to prayers or Bible, but to philosophy. Based on the analysis of sources, the author of the article indicates two essential points in the treatise, which in his opinion did not receive due attention in the existing research: 1) the treatise features a detailed sequence of “healing” the philosopher with its own justified semantic saturation and fully fits in comprehension of the role of philosophy in cleansing the soul of the believer and bringing person to genuine Christian righteousness; 2) this path begins with releasing the soul from sorrows and sufferings and ends with discussing the delicate theological questions. The conclusion is drawn that the entire structure of the treatise “Consolation with Philosophy” by Severin Boethius quite organically fits into comprehension of the role and tasks of philosophy in bringing a person to Christian righteousness, which at that time have been developed in Christian patristics. Such interpretation of the question at hand imparts a new sounding to the famous treatise and allows dovetailing the S. Boethius in the traditions of the early Christian patristics and giving an extended assessment to his works.
Encouragement Is Not Enough: Perceptions and Attitudes towards Corrective Feedback and Their Relationship to Self-Efficacy
Authors: Holstun Vasti , Rigsbee Neil , Bohecker Lynn
Published: September 2021

This correlational study explored the relationship between feedback and counselor self-efficacy during online counselor education residency. Participants (N=145) were students from eight Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) accredited online counseling programs who completed instruments on perceptions of positive and corrective feedback, attitudes towards corrective feedback, and counselor self-efficacy. Results showed a significant positive correlation between perceptions of corrective feedback and self-efficacy. Two factors related to perceptions of corrective feedback also showed significant correlations with self-efficacy. Implications concerning providing corrective feedback in supervision for counselor in training are discussed.
Reflection and Readiness: Shared Benefits of Using an Oral Final Evaluation to Assess Counselor Competency
Authors: Surette Tanya , Brenton Kelly
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted educational systems worldwide, shifting everything from pedagogy to learning environments. The emerging needs and complexities presented during this time has challenged long-standing practices, requiring creativity and innovation to adapt in the midst of uncertainty and accelerated change. This has been the reality within graduate counselling programs where coursework and internships were interrupted, and the counselling environment altered. In the face of such changes, the critical assessment and evaluation of pre-service counsellor competence remains a high priority of counsellor educators. This article outlines the practice of adopting an Oral Final Evaluation (OFE) of post-practicum graduate counselling students as a means of addressing the need to accurately assess counsellor competence in the changed landscape of the current pandemic. This article provides a rationale for integrating an OFE and space for reflection on its implementation, along with feedback from participating students, faculty, and site-supervisors.
Peran NGO dalam Dinamika Isu Perubahan Iklim di Afrika
Authors: Harison Stevie Leonard
Published: September 2021

Climate change has become one of the most challenging issues for the international system in this 21st century because its negative impact has been founded in every regions in the world. One of those is Africa with its far-lagged behind and poorer performance in political, economic, and social sectors than any other parts of the world. This article tries to analyze the ongoing process of the creation of good governance in Africa's climate change dynamics. In Africa, the progress of civil society activism is predicted to be more important factor than the policy outcome from its government in making good governance. In this context, the rise of civil society should be better understood as being an equal partner than a competitor to the policy-makers to have more intensive cooperation and collaboration to solve the urgent climate problems in Africa at present.