bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation Effects in a Trapped Bose-Fermi Mixture: Exact Results
Authors: Alon O E , Cederbaum L S
Published: November 2024

Many-body properties of a fermionic impurity embedded in a Bose-Einstein condensate are analyzed analytically using a solvable model, the harmonic-interaction model for Bose-Fermi mixtures. The one-particle and two-particle densities, reduced density matrices, and correlation functions of the fermions and bosons, both in position and momentum spaces, are prescribed in closed form. The various coherence lengths are analyzed. We show that the first-order coherence lengths in position and momentum spaces are equal whereas the second-order quantities can differ substantially. Illustrative examples where the sole interaction is between the impurity and the condensate are presented. Implications are briefly discussed.
Modal dynamics of random Raman lasing in multimode graded-index fibers
Authors: Fan Chenchen , Yao Tianfu , Wu Jian , Xiao Hu , Xu Jiangming , Leng Jinyong , Zhou Pu , Kuznetsov Alexey G. , Wolf Alexey A. , Nemov Ilya N. , Babin Sergey A.
Published: November 2024

Random Raman lasing in multimode graded-index fibers is accompanied by sufficient improvement of the output beam quality in comparison with that for pump radiation resulting in brightness enhancement, however the threshold pump power is rather high. Here we study an opportunity to reduce Raman threshold and to obtain random Raman lasing in laser diode pumped multimode graded-index fiber with enhanced backscattering on artificial fs-inscribed random structures of Rayleigh type (random points) or an array of short fiber Bragg gratings randomly spaced in longitudinal and transverse directions. Another goal is to test scaling capabilities for output power of random Raman finer laser based on natural Rayleigh scattering with higher pump powers. In both experiments, 100-µm graded fibers with UV-laser inscribed FBG (R∼90%) are explored and some kinds of unstable behavior with specific modal dynamics is observed and analyzed.
All-Optical Vacuum Birefringence with PW-Class Lasers: Case Study for the ELI-NP Parameters
Authors: Ataman Stefan , Nakamiya Yoshihide , Roşu Mădălin , Neagu Liviu , Teşileanu Ovidiu
Published: November 2024

In this paper we discuss the possibility of vacuum birefringence detection via all-optical, interferometric schemes. ELI-NP’s laser parameters are employed, hence the pump is considered to be a 10 PW laser while the probe is a much weaker one (∼ GW to TW). We assess two collision geometries and deduce the ideal probe pulse duration. We then go on and discuss the output signal of a balanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer and also propose two technically feasible experimental setups.
On the Electromagnetic Wave Reflection at the Subluminal, Luminal, and Superluminal Mirrors
Authors: Bulanov S. V. , Esirkepov T. Z.
Published: November 2024

As predicted by A. Einstein [Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 17, 891 (1905)] the electromagnetic wave reflected at the mirror moving with relativistic velocity undergoes the frequency upshifting and intensification as high as the mirror velocity is close to the speed of light in vacuum. On the other hand side, as high the wave frequency is as the matter becomes more transparent with the reflection coefficient tending to zero. To resolve this paradox we analyze the electromagnetic wave propagation in the medium where the modulation of the refraction index move with the velocity equal to the speed of light in vacuum. As we find although the wave reflection at the luminal mirror vanishes, i.e. the electromagnetic pulse cannot overtake the mirror, its frequency spectrum changes.
Electron motion in relativistically strong plane waves
Authors: Samsonov A S , Pukhov A
Published: November 2024

It is shown that by using a certain set of variables, the motion equations of a charged particle in a plane electromagnetic wave with account of radiation reaction can be solved in quadratures. An explicit solution is presented for special cases, such as constant crossed fields, linearly and circularly polarized monochromatic plane waves. Multiple features of the solution are explored, such as average increase of the energy and longitudinal momentum, violation of the Lawson-Woodward theorem, and finiteness of the total radiated energy.
Induced Photon Emission in Laguerre-Gauss Beams
Authors: Dumlu Cesim K , Nakamiya Yoshihide , Tanaka Kazuo A
Published: November 2024

We investigate stimulated photon emission in Laguerre-Gauss (LG
ℓp
) beams having arbitrary mode decomposition via Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian. We look into the analytic structure of one-photon emission amplitude and identify its dominant and sub-dominant parts. In particular, we analyze three distinct nonlinear signatures associated with LG beams in which the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the signal photon emerges as flipped, doubled or reduced with respect to OAM of incoming photons.
Photon Vortex Production from Synchrotron Radiation of Electron in Relativistic Quantum Approach
Authors: Maruyama Tomoyuki , Hayakawa Takehito , Kajino Toshitaka , Cheoun Myung-Ki
Published: November 2024

Light vortices exhibit a remarkable feature: a single photon can harbor a vortex wave-function on the quantum scale. In this study, we illustrate the process behind creating a photon vortex using a Bessel wave-function. Furthermore, we calculate the decay widths stemming from an electron in Landau levels and the energy spectra of photons emitted with a non-zero orbital angular momentum along their propagation direction. The results suggest the possible presence of photon vortices in astrophysical environments distinguished by strong magnetic fields.
High-resolution ultrasonic characterization of an adhesive film in an aeronautical assembly
Authors: Ezziani Youness , El-Kettani Mounsif ECH-CHERIF , Leduc Damien , Marechal Pierre , Ducousso Mathieu , Cuvillier Nicolas
Published: November 2024

In recent years, the increasing use of composite materials in aeronautical structures to reduce weight has led to a growing interest in non-destructive testing of adhesive joints. Such inspections aim to detect defects such as porosity or delamination and to identify detachments between the adhesive joint and the substrate. This study focuses on determining the properties of an adhesive film in aerospace assemblies involving titanium/composite materials. Specifically, it aims to precisely measure the thickness of the adhesive film and assess the adhesion quality using high-frequency, high-resolution non-destructive ultrasonic methods. The challenge lies in accurately determine the thickness and mechanical properties of the adhesive joint due to the highly contrasting impedance discontinuities in this type of structure: strong between the titanium and the adhesive, and weak between the adhesive and the composite.
Ultrasonic characterization of post-mortem interval (PMI) of human bones
Authors: Angermuller Arthur , Diboune Hafsa , Arciniegas Andres , Martinez Loïc , Lasaygues Philippe , Baron Cécile , Wilkie-Chancellier Nicolas
Published: November 2024

In order to improve the evaluation of the post-mortem interval (PMI) of human bone, experts in forensic anthropology from the french national gendarmerie are interested in new characterization methods and in particular non-destructive testing (NDT). If Nile Blue colorimetric methods currently allow dating up to a hundred years, these techniques alter the bone which is evidence in a criminal investigation. In order to avoid this degradation, the work presented hereby proposes a method for characterizing PMI using ultrasonic methods that have proven successful for the NDT of complex materials, including bones in medical applications. The objective is to identify relevant ultrasonic parameters representative of PMI. The propagation velocities of compression and shear waves are measured through parallelepiped samples of cortical bone taken from human femurs while respecting the anatomical orientation of the bone. These measurements carried out in the 3 directions of space make it possible to calculate the diagonal coefficients of the stiffness matrix Cij. Measurements of the propagation velocity of compression waves are carried out in transmission, using PinducerTM transmitter/receiver immersed in water. The measurement of shear wave velocities is made via a second non-immersed device using contact transducers. The results presented come from ultrasonic signals measured on bones, coming from individuals with similar pre-mortem parameters, whose PMI varies between 1 and 2500 years. The six diagonal coefficients of the stiffness matrix are represented and discussed in terms of the PMI. A first classification of bones is possible according to their PMI. In order to assist the analysis and interpretation of the results, a single parameter is proposed, the Trace of the stiffness matrix (Tr(Cij)), confirming the possible contribution of the ultrasonic techniques to be used for the dating of human bones.
Integrated analysis of materials for offshore wind turbine blades: mechanical and acoustical coupling
Authors: Aoujdad Khalid , Elhadji-Amadou BA , Marechal Pierre , Leduc Damien , Vivet Alexandre , Gehring Florian , El-Kettani Mounsif ECH-CHERIF
Published: November 2024

This work focuses on assessing the structural degradation of offshore wind turbine blade (OWTB) materials caused by exposure to the marine environment using acoustic and mechanical methods. Samples, consisting of a glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite laminate with a styrene-acrylo-nitrile (SAN) foam core, are subjected to an accelerated hygrothermal ageing by immersion in seawater at 28-30% salinity, thermostated at 40°C. Non-destructive characterisation using ultrasonic waves and mechanical testing, including 3- and 4-point bending tests, are carried out. These results are in agreement with mechanical tests which show an 8% reduction in maximum stress for the same immersion time.
Multi-modal characterization of ultrasonic bulk wave properties in heterogeneous textured media through finite element computations
Authors: Dorval Vincent , Leymarie Nicolas , Imperiale Alexandre , Demaldent Edouard
Published: November 2024

Ultrasonic Non Destructive Testing can be heavily affected by heterogeneous materials, such as some coarse-grained metals, concretes or composites materials. Understanding and predicting the behaviour of ultrasonic waves in such complex media has been a longstanding focus of research. Originally, theoretical analytical models have been developed. Their utility tends to be constrained by their inherent approximations and by the difficulties associated with verifying them. In recent years, transient Finite Element computations have been used to overcome these limitations. By simulating the propagation of ultrasonic waves through representative volumes of the material, it is possible to determine the properties of the coherent wave. However, this approach has been mainly applied to longitudinal waves only, and the analysis methods used are not necessarily applicable to shear waves. This communications shows how, with a dedicated simulation setup, it is possible to characterize the behaviour of both longitudinal and shear waves. Both waves can be characterized using a single computation, saving on computation times. The presented methodology is also applicable to statistically anisotropic media, such as textured metallic microstructures, in which three distinct modes can be observed in the coherent field: one quasi-longitudinal and two quasi-shear modes. These three modes can be characterized in a single simulation. One of the objectives of this technique is to provide material input data for macroscopic scale simulations using ray-based or high order Finite Element models in application to the control of various metallic parts, including welded components with textured regions.
Impact of resynchronization errors on the localization quality of defects in reverberant plates
Authors: Bouchakour Omar , Chehami Lynda , Moulin Emmanuel
Published: November 2024

In the context of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), recent research works have been carried out to take advantage of the correlation of ambient noise to locate and characterize defects in reverberant plates. The back-propagation-based imaging algorithms developed in this way require that the signals recorded by the sensors of the control network be perfectly synchronized. This implies that these sensors must be linked to a common clock to ensure their synchronization, which generates significant complexity of the monitoring system in the case of embedded applications. Post-processing resynchronization is a promising solution to deal with this problem. However, in less favorable cases and especially in the presence of additive noise, this resynchronization could be made with some errors. In this work, we are interested in quantifying statistically the degradation of the contrast of localization images as a function of the statistical parameters of resynchronization errors. The obtained results are promising and can be of great interest for embedded applications.
Determination of ageing indicators on glass-fiber polyester composite skins using Lamb guided waves
Authors: Aoujdad Khalid , El-Kettani Mounsif Ech-Cherif , Leduc Damien , Marechal Pierre
Published: November 2024

This paper investigates the structural integrity of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites used in offshore wind turbine blades.

Samples of two thicknesses (4-plies and 6-plies) undergo accelerated ageing inside tanks full of seawater of salinity 28-30% heated at 40°C, whereas non-aged samples remain as a reference.

Ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation (UNDE) using Lamb guided waves is applied to assess the behaviour of samples in those conditions based on ageing indicators investigation. The findings indicate a trend toward an increase in wavenumber and a decrease in phase velocity of Lamb waves modes for aged samples, which suggests a decrease in mechanical properties over time. Furthermore, this disparity becomes noticeably more evident with longer ageing times.
There Are Hearings but Is Anyone Acting?
Authors: Vahed Goolam , Desai Ashwin
Published: November 2024

In speaking to Black cricketers who played during the apartheid era, there is always the narrative of missed opportunities. Many hold the view that there were many Basil D’Oliveiras, the so-called ‘Coloured’ cricketer from the Cape who went on to represent the English national team. The success of Black cricketers in the post-apartheid period is constantly measured by what was lost by the generations before. There was a time not too far off when the Proteas’ dressing room was a hostile place for those not White. The crescendo of voices calling for the inclusion of Black people (African, ‘Coloured’, and Indian) in cricket paved the way for some Black players to get selected for the team and for others to be involved as managers, selectors, coaches, and support staff. A quarter-century into the post-apartheid period, Black people are in the majority at most levels of the game but that is no longer the bar. There are new challenges for those defined as ‘Indian’ and ‘Coloured’. This chapter examines the unravelling of ‘Black’ and new contestations over who should run and play the game in the context of rising racial nationalism, and what impact this ‘tyranny of numbers’ will have on the trajectory of cricket in South Africa. All of these issues have been brought into the open with the Black Lives Matter movement sweeping the world in 2020.
Application of glucose to prepare Aspergillus oryzae koji as an adjunct to prevent rancidity in cheese products
Authors: Chintagavongse Napaporn , Mitani Tomohiro , Tamano Koichi , Hayakawa Toru , Wakamatsu Jun-ichi , Kumura Haruto
Published: November 2024

Koji made using Aspergillus oryzae shows potential for application as a cheese adjunct; however, flavor defects resulting from volatile free fatty acid (FFA) accumulation should be avoided. Hence, a modified glucose-containing whey solid medium was used to culture A. oryzae AHU 7139, and the triacylglycerol (TG) lipase activity and lipase gene (tglA and mdlB) expression were compared with those of a culture using a conventional whey solid medium. The results showed that TG lipase activity and the expression of both lipase genes were reduced in the modified medium. Moreover, the expression level of farA, a positive transcription factor of the lipase genes, was also reduced. The cheese adjunct prepared by culturing the AHU 7139 strain in the modified medium lowered the FFA content in the cheese products, resulting in comparable FFA levels with those in the adjunct-free cheese. Thus, adding glucose is recommended to prepare the koji adjunct for cheesemaking.
Manipulation and analysis of large DNA molecules by controlling their dynamics using micro and nanogaps
Authors: Azuma Naoki
Published: November 2024

Manipulation and analysis methods for large DNAs are critical for epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and fundamental research on bacteria, membrane vesicles, plants, yeast, and human cells. However, the physical properties of large DNAs often challenge their manipulation and analysis with high accuracy and speed using conventional methods such as gel electrophoresis and column-based methods. This review presents the approaches that leverage micrometer- and nanometer-sized gaps within microchannels to control the dynamics and conformations of large DNAs, thereby overcoming these challenges. By designing gap structures and migration conditions based on the relationship between gap parameters and the physical characteristics of large DNAs—such as diameter and persistence length—these methods enable swifter and more precise manipulation and analysis of large DNAs, including size separation, concentration, purification, and single-molecule analysis.
Chronic Hand Eczema in France: Occupational Impact and Work Absenteeism
Authors: Halioua Bruno , Skayem Charbel , Merhand Stéphanie , BenHayoun Yaron , Taieb Charles , Richard Marie Aleth
Published: November 2024

Chronic hand eczema (CHE) significantly impacts patients' professional lives, leading to high rates of absenteeism, career changes, and reduced productivity. This study, conducted among French patients, reveals that nearly one in five individuals had to change careers due to CHE, with a 20.5% absenteeism rate. The findings highlight the need for tailored management strategies to mitigate CHE's occupational burden, which can be extrapolated to other countries
Diradical character view of energy stabilization in π-stacked dimers of antiaromatic molecules
Authors: Sugimori Ryota , Kishi Ryohei , Shinokubo Hiroshi , Kitagawa Yasutaka
Published: November 2024

We theoretically examined the energy stabilization mechanism of closely π-stacked dimers of antiaromatic molecules from the viewpoint of diradical character (y). Quantum chemical calculations for π-stacked dimer models of cyclobutadienes and Ni(II) norcorroles revealed that the balance between the destabilization due to structural deformation in each monomer and the stabilization due to intermolecular orbital interaction between 4nπ systems and dispersion force determined the stabilization in the π-dimer structures.
The effect of peri-fusion position on the single molecular conductivity of armchair graphene nanoribbons theoretically evaluated by decay constant of exchange interaction
Authors: Shinozuka Tomohito , Shimizu Daiki , Matsuda Kenji
Published: November 2024

Armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) are promising materials with conductivity dependent on width (N), but their open-shell character due to edge states can cause instabilities. We previously showed that peri-benzo fusion at AGNRs’ edges removes the edge states while preserving width-dependent conductivity. In this work, we investigated the effect of peri-fusion position on conductivity by evaluating decay constant of exchange interaction (βJ) between radicals at both ends of N = 8 AGNRs. It was found that the βJ for shorter ribbons was highly sensitive to the fused ring's position, with less variation in longer ribbons.
Sonochemical preparation of nanocomposites of gold nanoparticles and graphene oxide for selective electrochemical sensing of nitric oxide
Authors: Zhang Qiran , Sari Trisna Kumala , Takahashi Fumiki , Tatsumi Hirosuke , Jin Jiye
Published: November 2024

In this study, gold nanoparticles and graphene oxide nanocomposite-modified electrodes were prepared by the sonochemical method. We evaluated their electrocatalytic activity toward nitric oxide (NO) oxidation and the analytical performance in the determination of NO and demonstrated its improved selectivity in the detection of NO over NO2−.
Psychedelics for the Treatment of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: Efficacy and Proposed Mechanisms
Authors: Collins Helen M
Published: November 2024

Psychedelics are emerging as potential treatments for a range of mental health conditions, including anxiety and depression, treatment-resistant depression, and substance use disorders. Recent studies have also suggested that the psychedelic psilocybin may be able to treat obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Since the 1960s, case studies have reported improvements to obsessive and compulsive behaviors in patients taking psychedelics recreationally. The effects of psilocybin were then systematically assessed in a small, open-label trial in 2006, which found that psilocybin significantly reduced the symptoms of OCD. Reduced compulsive behaviors have also been seen in rodent models of OCD after administration of psilocybin. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying the effects of psychedelics for OCD are unclear, with hypotheses including their acute pharmacological effects, changes in neuroplasticity and resting state neural networks, and their psychological effects. This review will evaluate the evidence supporting the theory that psychedelics can be used for the treatment of OCD, as well as the data regarding claims about their mechanisms. It will also discuss issues with the current evidence and the ongoing trials of psilocybin that aim to address these knowledge gaps.
Combination of Haloperidol With UNC9994, β-arrestin-Biased Analog of Aripiprazole, Ameliorates Schizophrenia-Related Phenotypes Induced by NMDAR Deficit in Mice
Authors: Lipina Tatiana V , Giang Huy , Thacker Jonathan S , Wetsel William C , Caron Marc G , Beaulieu Jean Martin , Salahpour Ali , Ramsey Amy J
Published: November 2024

Background

Glutamatergic system dysfunction contributes to a full spectrum of schizophrenia-like symptoms, including the cognitive and negative symptoms that are resistant to treatment with antipsychotic drugs (APDs). Aripiprazole, an atypical APD, acts as a dopamine partial agonist, and its combination with haloperidol (a typical APD) has been suggested as a potential strategy to improve schizophrenia. Recently, an analog of aripiprazole, UNC9994, was developed. UNC9994 does not affect dopamine 2 receptor (D2R)-mediated Gi/o protein signaling but acts as a partial agonist for D2R/β-arrestin interactions. Hence, one of our objectives was to probe the behavioral effects of co-administrating haloperidol with UNC9994 in the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) mouse models of schizophrenia. The biochemical mechanisms underlying the neurobiological effects of dual haloperidol × UNC9994 action are currently missing. Hence, we aimed to explore D2R- and NMDAR-dependent signaling mechanisms that could underlie the effects of dual drug treatments.

Methods

NMDAR hypofunction was induced pharmacologically by acute injection of MK-801 (NMDAR pore blocker; 0.15 mg/kg) and genetically by knockdown of Grin1 gene expression in mice, which have a 90% reduction in NMDAR levels (Grin1 knockdown [Grin1-KD]). After intraperitoneal injections of vehicle, haloperidol (0.15 mg/kg), UNC9994 (0.25 mg/kg), or their combination, mice were tested in open field, prepulse inhibition (PPI), Y-maze, and Puzzle box. Biochemical effects on the phosphorylation of Akt, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), and CaMKII in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatum of MK-801-treated mice were assessed by western blotting.

Results

Our findings indicate that low dose co-administration of UNC9994 and haloperidol reduces hyperactivity in MK-801-treated animals and in Grin1-KD mice. Furthermore, this dual administration effectively reverses PPI deficits, repetitive/rigid behavior in the Y-maze, and deficient executive function in the Puzzle box in both animal models. Pharmacological inhibition of NMDAR by MK-801 induced the opposite effects in the PFC and striatum on pAkt-S473 and pGSK3β-Ser9. Dual injection of haloperidol with UNC9994 reversed MK-801-induced effects on pAkt-S473 but not on pGSK3β-Ser9 in both brain structures.

Conclusions

The dual administration of haloperidol with UNC9994 at low doses represents a promising approach to ameliorate symptoms of schizophrenia. The combined drug regimen elicits synergistic effects specifically on pAkt-S473, suggesting it as a potential biomarker for antipsychotic actions.
A spectral collocation method for functional and delay differential equations
Authors: Hale Nicholas
Published: November 2024

A framework for Chebyshev spectral collocation methods for the numerical solution of functional and delay differential equations (FDEs and DDEs) is described. The framework combines interpolation via the barycentric resampling matrix with a multidomain approach used to resolve isolated discontinuities propagated by nonsmooth initial data. Geometric convergence in the number of degrees of freedom is demonstrated for several examples of linear and nonlinear FDEs and DDEs with various delay types, including discrete, proportional, continuous and state-dependent delay. The framework is a natural extension of standard spectral collocation methods and can be readily incorporated into existing spectral discretizations, such as in Chebfun/Chebop, allowing the automated and efficient solution of a wide class of nonlinear FDEs and DDEs.
Genomic Epidemiology of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Strains of Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri in the Iberian Peninsula From 2015 to 2022
Authors: Jacqueline Camille , Minetti Corrado , Monzon Fernandez Sara , Silveira Leonor , Cuesta De La Plaza Isabel , Pista Ângela , Herrera-Leon Silvia
Published: November 2024

Fluoroquinolone resistance in Shigella is among the serious antimicrobial resistance threats. We investigated the genomic epidemiology of fluoroquinolone-resistant (FQR) strains of S sonnei and S flexneri from 2015 to 2022 in Spain and Portugal. We determined the antimicrobial resistance profiles of 416 isolates (S flexneri and S sonnei), and FQR isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing. The percentage of FQR isolates gradually increased to reach 38% and 80% of S flexneri and S sonnei isolates, respectively, in 2022. S sonnei isolates from men were significantly more likely to be FQR (relative risk, 4.9; 95% CI, 2.7–9.0). Genomic analysis revealed 2 major genetic clusters of FQR S sonnei from the CipR.MSM5 lineage, previously associated with extreme antimicrobial resistance and transmission in men having sex with men. This study contributes to a better understanding of FQR shigellosis transmission and highlights the added value of enhanced surveillance for these pathogens.
Characterization of NWM-1, a novel subclass B3 metallo-β-lactamase found in a clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Höfken Lisa-Marie , Schauer Jennifer , Eisfeld Jessica , Dziobaka Jan , Gatermann Sören G , Pfennigwerth Niels
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To investigate the carbapenem resistance mechanism of a carbapenem-resistant clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate.

Methods

A clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa was sent to the German National Reference Centre for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria for carbapenemase detection. Phenotypic tests for carbapenemase detection and an EDTA-combined disc test were positive, therefore PCR-screenings were done for the most prevalent metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) encoding genes. As no MBL gene could be found, whole-genome sequencing was performed. For characterization, heterologous expression in a E. coli strain with subsequent MIC testing and purification of the new MBL to determine enzyme kinetics with in vitro hydrolysis assays was performed.

Results

WGS revealed the putative gene for a B3 MBL located on the chromosome between several disrupted IS elements with 67% identity to EVM-1, which was named NWM-1. MIC studies and enzyme kinetics confirmed MBL activity. No activity against ceftazidime was observed.

Conclusions

The identification of NWM-1 shows the importance of WGS to identify yet unknown carbapenemases and underlines the diversity of subclass B3 β-lactamases. It also shows that although several carbapenemase variants have already been identified and characterized, there are always new variants to be found in clinical isolates.
Maximum a posteriori Ly α estimator (MAPLE): band power and covariance estimation of the 3D Ly α forest power spectrum
Authors: Horowitz Benjamin , de Belsunce Roger , Lukić Zarija
Published: November 2024

We present a novel maximum a posteriori estimator to jointly estimate band powers and the covariance of the three-dimensional power spectrum (P3D) of Ly $\alpha$ forest flux fluctuations, called MAPLE. Our Wiener-filter based algorithm reconstructs a window-deconvolved P3D in the presence of complex survey geometries typical for Ly $\alpha$ surveys that are sparsely sampled transverse to and densely sampled along the line of sight. We demonstrate our method on idealized Gaussian random fields with two selection functions: (i) a sparse sampling of 30 background sources per square degree designed to emulate the current Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument; (ii) a dense sampling of 900 background sources per square degree emulating the upcoming Prime Focus Spectrograph Galaxy Evolution Survey. Our proof-of-principle shows promise, especially since the algorithm can be extended to marginalize jointly over nuisance parameters and contaminants, i.e. offsets introduced by continuum fitting. Our code is implemented in JAX and is publicly available on GitHub.
Chemodynamic evolution of Sun-like stars in nearby moving groups
Authors: Lehmann Christian , Murphy Michael T , Liu Fan , Flynn Chris
Published: November 2024

Sun-like stars are well represented in the solar neighbourhood but are currently underutilized, with many studies of chemical and kinematic evolution focusing on red giants (which can be observed further away) or turn-off stars (which have well-measured ages). Recent surveys (e.g. GALAH) provide spectra for large numbers of nearby Sun-like stars, which provides an opportunity to apply our newly developed method for measuring metallicities, temperatures, and surface gravities – the ${\small EPIC}$ algorithm – which yields improved ages via isochrone fitting. We test this on moving groups, by applying it to the large GALAH DR3 sample. This defines a sample of $72\,288$ solar analogue targets for which the stellar parameter measurements are most precise and reliable. These stars are used to estimate, and test the accuracy and precision of, age measurements derived with the samd isochrone fitting algorithm. Using these ages, we recover the age–metallicity relationships for nearby ($\lesssim 1 \,{\rm kpc}$) moving groups, traced by solar analogues, and analyse them with respect to the stellar kinematics. In particular, we found that the age–metallicity relationships of all moving groups follow a particular trend of young ($\textrm {age}\lt 6 \,{\rm Gyr}$) stars having constant metallicity and older ($\textrm {age} \ge 6 \,{\rm Gyr}$) stars decreasing in metallicity with increasing age. The Hercules stream carries the highest fraction of metal-rich young stars ($\sim 0.1 \,{\rm dex}$) in our sample, which is consistent with a migrating population of stars from the inner Galaxy, and we discuss the possible causes of this migration in the context of our results.
Logistic regression to boost exoplanet detection performances
Authors: Cambazard Hadrien , Catusse Nicolas , Chomez Antoine , Lagrange Anne-Marie
Published: November 2024

Direct imaging of exoplanets requires to separate the background noise from the exoplanet signals. Statistical methods have been recently proposed to avoid subtracting any signal of interest as opposed to initial self-subtracting methods based on angular differential imaging (ADI). However, unless conservative thresholds are chosen to claim for a detection, such approaches tend to produce a list of candidates that include many false positives. Choosing high, conservative, thresholds leads to miss the faintest planets. We extend a statistical framework with a logistic regression to filter the list of candidates. Features with physical/optical meaning (in two wavelengths) are used, leading to a very fast and pragmatic approach. The overall method requires a simple edge detection (image processing) and clustering algorithm to work with sub-images. To estimate its efficiency, we apply our approach to targets observed with the European Southern Observatory/SPHERE (Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch) high contrast imager, that were previously used as tests for blind surveys. Experimental results with injected signals show that either the number of false detections is considerably reduced or faint exoplanets that would otherwise not be detected can be sometimes found. Typically, on the blind tests performed, we are now able to detect around 50 per cent more of the injected planets with a signal-to-noise ratio below 5, and with a very low number of additional candidates.
Exploring the convective core of the high-amplitude δ Scuti star TIC 120857354 with asteroseismology
Authors: Chen Xinghao , Zhang Xiaobin , Li Yan
Published: November 2024

Based on 2-min cadence TESS data, 20 confident independent frequencies were identified for the star TIC 120857354. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test reveals a rotational splitting of 2.40 $\mu$Hz and a uniform frequency spacing of 74.6 $\mu$Hz. Subsequently, five sets of rotational splittings were discerned, including a quintuplet and four pairs of doublets, aligning with the characteristics of p-mode rotational splitting. Based on the sets of rotational splittings and the uniform frequency spacing, we finally identified four radial modes, six dipole modes, and 10 quadrupole modes. Furthermore, we found that the frequency separations within the $\ell$ = 2 sequences show a decreasing trend towards lower order modes, analogous to the $\ell$ = 0 sequences. A grid of theoretical models were computed to match the identified frequencies, revealing that TIC 120857354 is a main-sequence star with M = 1.54 $\pm$ 0.04 $\mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, Z = 0.015 $\pm$ 0.003, $T_{\rm eff}$ = 7441 $\pm$ 370 K, $\log g$ = 4.27 $\pm$ 0.01, R = 1.52 $\pm$ 0.01 $\mathrm{R}_{\odot }$, L = 6.33 $\pm$ 1.53 $\mathrm{L}_{\odot }$, age = 0.53 $\pm$ 0.07 Gyr, and $X_\mathrm{ c}/X_0$ = 0.84 $\pm$ 0.05. In-depth analyses suggest that $\ell$ = 2 may be p-dominated mixed modes with pronounced g-mode characteristics, enabling us to probe deeper into interiors of the star and determine the relative size of the convective core to be $R_\mathrm{ c}/R$ = 0.092 $\pm$ 0.002.
The JCMT BISTRO Survey: the magnetized evolution of star-forming cores in the Ophiuchus molecular cloud interpreted using histograms of relative orientation
Authors: Perry James P , Pattle Kate , Johnstone Doug , Kwon Woojin , Bourke Tyler L , Chung Eun Jung , Coudé Simon , Doi Yasuo , Fanciullo Lapo , Hwang Jihye , Khan Zacariyya A , Kwon Jungmi , Lai Shih-Ping , Le Gouellec Valentin J M , Lee Chang Won , Ohashi Nagayoshi , Sadavoy Sarah , Savini Giorgio , Sharma Ekta , Tamura Motohide
Published: November 2024

The relationship between B-field orientation and density structure in molecular clouds is often assessed using the histogram of relative orientations (HRO). We perform a plane-of-the-sky geometrical analysis of projected B-fields, by interpreting HROs in dense, spheroidal, pre-stellar, and protostellar cores. We use James Clerk Maxwell Telescope POL-2 850 $\mu$m polarization maps and Herschel column density maps to study dense cores in the Ophiuchus molecular cloud complex. We construct two-dimensional core models, assuming Plummer column density profiles and modelling both linear and hourglass B-fields. We find that high-aspect ratio ellipsoidal cores produce strong HRO signals, as measured using the shape parameter $\xi$. Cores with linear fields oriented $<\!\! 45 ^{\circ }$ from their minor axis produce constant HROs with $-1 \lt \xi \lt 0$, indicating that fields are preferentially parallel to column density gradients. Fields parallel to the core minor axis produce the most negative value of $\xi$. For low-aspect ratio cores, $\xi \approx 0$ for linear fields. Hourglass fields produce a minimum in $\xi$ at intermediate densities in all cases, converging to the minor-axis-parallel linear field value at high and low column densities. We create HROs for six dense cores in Ophiuchus. $\rho$ Oph A and IRAS 16293 have high aspect ratios and preferentially negative HROs, consistent with moderately strong field behaviour. $\rho$ Oph C, L1689A, and L1689B have low aspect ratios, and $\xi \approx 0$. $\rho$ Oph B is too complex to be modelled using a simple spheroidal field geometry. We see no signature of hourglass fields, agreeing with previous findings that dense cores generally exhibit linear fields on these size scales.
10257- GEN-15 CURRENT STATUS AND UTILITY OF CANCER GENE PANEL TESTING
Authors: Ohba Shigeo , SUDO Tamotsu , Sugihara Eiji , Takimoto Tetsuya , Mase Tatsunori , Tanaka Shiho , Matsumura Kazuyasu , Fujiwara Eiji , Kojima Daijiro , Kumon Masanobu , Yamada Seiji , Joko Masahiro , Nakae Shunsuke , Nishiyama Yuya , Muto Jun , Adachi Kazuhide , Inoue Tatsushi , Kawada Kenji , Abe Masato , Saya Hideyuki , Hirose Yuichi
Published: November 2024

In recent years, cancer gene panel testing has been covered by insurance, and its utility has been reported. At our institution, in addition to the insurance-covered cancer gene panel test, we have conducted the PleSSision-Rapid test, which can measure 156 genes, on various tumors as part of clinical research. The insurance-covered panel test was conducted in 37 cases, 86% of which were gliomas. Gene abnormalities leading to therapeutic drugs were identified in 5 cases (TMB high: 3 cases, NTRK2 fusion gene: 1 case, FGFR1: 1 case). On the other hand, in the clinical research panel testing, analysis was performed on 142 cases, including 54 cases of glioma, 49 cases of meningioma, and 16 cases of metastatic brain tumors. The clinical research panel test serves three main purposes: (1) diagnostic assistance, (2) screening before insurance-covered panel testing, and (3) research based on genetic analysis. For diagnostic assistance, it is possible to evaluate genes such as IDH1/2, TP53, ATRX, TERT promoter, and CDKN2A. In screening, in 11 cases where both tests were performed, mutations such as TMB high and FGFR1, identified in the insurance-covered panel, could also be detected. In research, frequent mutations in glioblastoma, including TERT promoter, KDM6, RB1, PTEN, as well as copy number variations in PTEN, CDKN2A, RB1, CHK2, and SMO, were confirmed. In oligodendroglioma, mutations in ERBB4 and KDM6A, in addition to IDH1 and TERT promoter, were observed. In meningiomas, a higher frequency of NF2 and KDM6A mutations was observed in Grade 2/3 compared to Grade 1, as well as a significantly higher frequency of copy number abnormalities in genes related to DNA repair, histone modification, and chromatin remodeling. Based on these findings, we are working on the development of new therapies.
10112- ET-10 EVALUATING PBC-IP AS A NOVEL BORON CARRIER IN BNCT
Authors: Kawabata Shinji , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Tsujino Kohei , Eza Kenichiro , Kazuki Rina , Fujikawa Yoshiki , Kashiwagi Hideki , Nonoguchi Naosuke , Furuse Motomasa , Takami Toshihiro , Wanibuchi Masahiko
Published: November 2024

This study aims to expand the application scope of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for BPA-insensitive cancers. To apply BNCT in the treatment of brain tumors, convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is used as the drug administration method. CED is expected to enhance therapeutic efficacy by delivering drugs directly to tumor tissues. Therefore, the development of BNCT necessitates planning non-clinical trials from both pharmaceutical and medical device perspectives, including tests on standards, quality, and safety for clinical trial implementation. Previous investigations have demonstrated the high efficacy of BNCT using PBC-IP, a novel boron carrier targeting folate receptors, in a rat brain tumor model administered via CED. The group receiving PBC-IP CED irradiation alone showed 50% long-term survival (over 90 days), significantly outperforming the BNCT using intravenously administered boronophenylalanine (BPA) (MST: 37.0 days) used in clinical settings. Furthermore, studies on catheter insertion positions and neutron irradiation timing indicated that maintaining efficacy when administering drugs to the tumor margin and during the treatment window post-drug administration is feasible.Non-clinical trials, unlike routine basic investigations, are conducted following prior consultations with regulatory authorities, a process unfamiliar to many clinicians. Specific tests include general toxicity studies using rats and dogs. The results of these studies inform clinical trial planning and are essential for submission during regulatory consultations for clinical trial approval. As part of clinical trial preparation, drug efficacy evaluations and catheter performance data are considered to explore the clinical positioning of this drug in the treatment of malignant gliomas. Based on these findings, clinical trial implementation plans are formulated, aiming for the submission of a clinical trial application. This report examines the roadmap of drug development and current challenges in new drug development based on the current state of academic drug discovery.
10015- STMO-1 EXPRESSION OF ANESTHETIC FADE IN INTRAOPERATIVE MEP MONITORING DURING BRAIN TUMOR SURGERY
Authors: Tanaka Satoshi , Tomio Ryosuke , Ichimasu Norio , Akimoto Jiro
Published: November 2024

We retrospectively examined whether anesthetic fade (AF) occurred in brain tumor surgery with direct motor field stimulation motor evoked potential (dMEP) and transcranial stimulation MEP (tcMEP), and whether it could have been avoided by compound muscle action potential (CMAP) after peripheral nerve stimulation normalization, and examined the causes of AF. In 108 muscles in 40 patients where tcMEP was performed and 24 muscles in 24 cases where dMEP was performed, and whether AF could be avoided by CMAP normalization was examined. In 108 muscles where tcMEP was performed, the relative amplitude of surgery with an operative time of 190 minutes or more was 1.07±0.88, which was significantly lower than the relative amplitude of surgery with an operative time of less than 190 minutes (1.67±2.69) (P=0.0447, Student’s t-test). The relative amplitude values under CMAP normalization were also 1.29±1.62 over 190 minutes and 1.24±1.48 under 190 minutes, indicating no significant difference (P = 0.4430).The relative amplitude of surgery with an operative time of 360 minutes or more was 0.56±0.26 in the 24 muscles where dMEP was performed, and a significant difference was observed between the relative amplitude of surgery with an operative time of less than 360 minutes (1.43±0.75) (P = 0.0045). The relative amplitude values under CMAP normalization were 0.57±0.25 over 360 minutes and 1.48±0.72 under 360 minutes, which was also significant (P = 0.0038). AF was also more intense in dMEP and could not be avoided by CMAP normalization. Although there were few cases and it required consideration of direct invasion of the pyramidal tract in brain tumor surgery, it is suggested that a decrease in the transmissibility of neuromuscular junctions is considered to be a cause of AF that and a decrease in excitability of motor field pyramidal cells may be more active at 6 hours or more.
10179- STMO-11 ESTABLISHMENT OF INTRA-OPERATIVE RAPID GENOTYPING SYSTEM AS A NOVEL MODALITY FOR ADULT-TYPE DIFFUSE GLIOMA REMOVAL
Authors: Nakamura Akihiro , Ohka Fumiharu , Maeda Sachi , Deguchi Shoichi , Shiba Yoshiki , Yamaguchi Junya , Shimizu Hiroki , Takido Yuhei , Yamamoto Ryo , Ito Shohei , Saito Ryuta
Published: November 2024

Genetic abnormalities such as IDH, TERT promoter, and CDKN2A play a critical role in diagnosing adult-type diffuse gliomas. Intraoperative genetic diagnosis offers a strategic advantage by informing surgical decisions based on accurate genetic information. Recent findings suggest that the presence or absence of these molecular abnormalities could differentiate tumor cells from normal brain tissue, potentially guiding intraoperative margin assessments where the boundary with normal tissue is unclear. This study explores a rapid intraoperative genetic diagnostic method using the GeneSoC system, which performs 50 cycles of quantitative PCR in approximately 15 minutes. We targeted IDH1 R132H, TERT promoter mutations, and CDKN2A homozygous deletions (HD) for analysis. Primers and probes were carefully designed, and PCR conditions were optimized to establish a reliable diagnostic method. DNA was extracted by boiling tumor specimens for 5 minutes, followed by genetic analysis using the GeneSoC system. The entire process, from specimen collection to result, took about 20 minutes. We analyzed 111 glioma specimens for IDH1 R132H and TERT promoter mutations, and 50 specimens for CDKN2A HD. The sensitivity and specificity of the GeneSoC system were 98% and 98% for IDH1 R132H, 100% and 100% for TERT promoter mutations, and 100% and 83% for CDKN2A HD, respectively. Our study successfully established a rapid intraoperative genetic diagnostic method using the compact and high-speed GeneSoC system. The genetic analysis aligned with MRI FLAIR imaging findings, confirming IDH mutations in high-signal regions but not in adjacent iso-signal regions. Although further case studies are needed, integrating genetic diagnosis with imaging could enhance intraoperative margin assessments, positioning this method as a promising new modality in brain tumor surgery.