bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multibody dynamic simulation and transient analysis of quay crane spreader and lifting mechanism
Authors: Andziulis Arunas , Eglynas Tomas , Bogdevicius Marijonas , Jusis Mindaugas , Senulis Audrius
Published: September 2016

Nowadays, container shipment in the intermodal terminals is overloaded. The quay crane and its control system have to be properly prepared for rapid cargo reloading. The advanced control system may increase container loading efficiency due to the reduced transportation time. However, faster transportation demands higher safety. In this article, the authors performed multibody dynamics simulation of the container spreader and lifting mechanism by analyzing more advanced mathematical model of the quay crane. Trolley motion and cargo swing angle transient responses of the dynamic system were acquired and analyzed during model simulation. The main target of this research is to determine the system behavior during transients. The simulation results showed that the transients induced by startup of the vertical spreader travel affect the whole crane system in all the investigated cases. In addition, the influence of flexible cable causes additional oscillations of cargo and reciprocating trolley displacement. The simulation of the container spreader and lifting mechanism will help detect motion deviations of the quay crane in real time.
Material Meaning
Authors: Abeyta Andrew A. , Routledge Clay , Sedikides Constantine
Published: September 2016

The present research examined how narcissism is related to perceptions of meaning derived from distinct types of life goals, namely, extrinsic and intrinsic. Although in most cases extrinsic goals are inversely associated with well-being, we propose that narcissists’ pursuit of extrinsic goals (e.g., wealth, fame) is positively linked to meaning in life. In Study 1, higher levels of narcissism corresponded with viewing extrinsic goals as more meaningful. In Study 2, focusing participants on the extrinsic, relative to intrinsic, value of their goal pursuit increased meaning among narcissists. Taken together, narcissists derive meaning from extrinsic goals.
Cell-mediated remodeling of biomimetic encapsulating hydrogels triggered by adipogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells
Authors: Clevenger Tracy N , Luna Gabriel , Boctor Daniel , Fisher Steven K , Clegg Dennis O
Published: September 2016

One of the most common regenerative therapies is autologous fat grafting, which frequently suffers from unexpected volume loss. One approach is to deliver adipose stem cells encapsulated in the engineered hydrogels supportive of cell survival, differentiation, and integration after transplant. We describe an encapsulating, biomimetic poly(ethylene)-glycol hydrogel, with embedded peptides for attachment and biodegradation. Poly(ethylene)-glycol hydrogels containing an Arg–Gly–Asp attachment sequence and a matrix metalloprotease 3/10 cleavage site supported adipose stem cell survival and showed remodeling initiated by adipogenic differentiation. Arg–Gly–Asp–matrix metalloprotease 3/10 cleavage site hydrogels showed an increased number and area of lacunae or holes after adipose stem cell differentiation. Image analysis of adipose stem cells in Arg–Gly–Asp–matrix metalloprotease 3/10 cleavage site hydrogels showed larger Voronoi domains, while cell density remained unchanged. The differentiated adipocytes residing within these newly remodeled spaces express proteins and messenger RNAs indicative of adipocytic differentiation. These engineered scaffolds may provide niches for stem cell differentiation and could prove useful in soft tissue regeneration.
Patient-reported outcome measures in a population of medically indigent patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in Puerto Rico
Authors: Rodríguez-Rivera Diana V , Rodríguez-Navedo Yerania , Nieves-Plaza Mariely , Vilá Luis M
Published: September 2016

Objective:

To determine patient-reported outcomes measures in indigent patients with systemic lupus erythematosus receiving their healthcare through the Puerto Rico government managed care system and compare these measures with non-indigent patients treated in a private fee-for-service setting.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in a cohort of 98 Puerto Ricans with systemic lupus erythematosus. Patients from the public group (n = 40) were treated in a university-based specialized systemic lupus erythematosus clinic and the private group (n = 58) in a community-based rheumatology practice. Demographic and clinical features and patient-reported outcomes measures per LupusPRO instrument were determined. LupusPRO captures quality-of-life measures in 12 domains. Differences among study groups were examined using chi-square, Fisher’s exact, t-tests, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results:

The mean (standard deviation) age of the study population was 44.9 (12.0) years; 94 (95.9%) were women. Patients in the public setting were younger and were more likely to have renal disease and elevated anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies, and being treated with azathioprine and cyclophosphamide. Patients from the public sector were more likely to have better quality-of-life measures in the LupusPRO domains of pain/vitality and coping. No significant differences were observed for the domains of lupus symptoms, physical health, emotional health, body image, cognition, procreation, lupus medications, desires/goals, social support, and satisfaction with medical care.

Conclusion:

Despite having a lower socioeconomic status and worse clinical status, systemic lupus erythematosus patients from the public sector had equal or better patient-reported outcomes measures than those treated in the private setting. This favorable outcome may be associated with the comprehensive healthcare received by these patients in a specialized lupus clinic.
Prison, Coerced Demand, and the Importance of Incarcerated Bodies in Late Capitalism
Authors: Delia Deckard Natalie
Published: September 2016

Research has done a fine job in noting the utility of mass incarceration for social control and the creation of quiescence, especially in the face of economic precariousness and growing wealth inequalities. Some of this scholarship also posits a profit-centered motive, activated through the growth of for-profit prison corporations or forced prison labor. I build on this work in this article but extend the emphasis on profit by suggesting that incarceration also acts as a locus for the coercion of demand and consumption. In postindustrial economies characterized by chronic crises of demand, mass incarceration compels minimally market-attached residents to participate in the market in the capacity in which they are most required—as consumers. I construct estimates of the increase in national aggregate demand associated with incarceration and find it to be equivalent to the addition of a small country of consumers to the national economy.
Human CalDAG-GEFI deficiency increases bleeding and delays αIIbβ3 activation
Authors: Kato Hisashi , Nakazawa Yozo , Kurokawa Yumi , Kashiwagi Hirokazu , Morikawa Yoichiro , Morita Daisuke , Banno Fumiaki , Honda Shigenori , Kanakura Yuzuru , Tomiyama Yoshiaki
Published: September 2016

Key Points

In human CalDAG-GEFI deficiency, αIIbβ3 activation was impaired, but not agonist-induced neutrophil β2 integrin activation. Delayed αIIbβ3 activation kinetics was associated with severe bleeding tendency in CalDAG-GEFI deficiency.
Lung Ultrasonography for the Assessment of Perioperative Atelectasis: A Pilot Feasibility Study
Authors: Monastesse Audrey , Girard Francois , Massicotte Nathalie , Chartrand-Lefebvre Carl , Girard Martin
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND:

Few diagnostic tools are available to anesthesiologists when confronted with intraoperative hypoxemia. Lung ultrasonography is a safe and accurate bedside imaging modality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of lung ultrasonography during the perioperative period and assess its ability to detect intraoperative respiratory complications and oxygenation changes resulting from perioperative atelectasis.

METHODS:

In this prospective observational pilot study, 30 consecutive patients scheduled for laparoscopic surgery were recruited. Mechanical ventilation was standardized. Lung ultrasonography was performed at 5 predefined time points: before induction of general anesthesia (GA), after induction of GA, after pneumoperitoneum insufflation, on arrival in the recovery room, and before recovery room discharge. For each echographic examination, 12 pulmonary quadrants were imaged. From these, a semiquantitative score, the lung ultrasound (LUS) score, was calculated to assess lung aeration at each time point.

RESULTS:

Lung ultrasonography was possible in all patients. Changes in the LUS score between the postinduction period and arrival in the recovery room were correlated with changes in oxygenation (Spearman r = −0.43, P = .018). Induction of GA was associated with an increase in the LUS score, which gradually worsened at all time points until recovery room discharge. This increase was significantly worse in the basal and dependent lung zones. Lung ultrasonography helped in the detection of 2 capnothoraces, 1 endobronchial intubation, and 1 episode of subclinical pulmonary edema.

CONCLUSIONS:

Lung ultrasonography in the perioperative period is feasible, allows tracking of perioperative atelectasis, and facilitates the diagnosis of respiratory complications. The evolution of aeration loss correlates moderately with changes in oxygenation.
Female genital mutilation and pregnancy: associated risks
Authors: Gayle Claudine , Rymer Janice
Published: September 2016

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a traditional practice that has no medical benefit and severe health consequences for girls and women. This article discusses the risks to patients who are pregnant and have had FGM. It will describe urinary tract infections caused by FGM, and how this condition increases the risk of preterm labour and delivery. It will also address the difficulty in vaginal examinations that can be caused by FGM and instances when this can delay diagnosis and treatment. In addition, it will explore a number of intrapartum risks caused by FGM and the role of deinfibulation in pregnancy. Finally, it will look at the link between maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, and FGM.
Intimacy for patients with a stoma
Authors: Burch Jennie
Published: September 2016

Jennie Burch, Enhanced Recovery Nurse Facilitator, St Marks Hospital, Middlesex, looks at what nurses can do to support patients after stoma formation in relation to body image and intimacy
Quality of life, wellbeing and care needs of Irish ostomates
Authors: Davidson Fiona
Published: September 2016

Having a stoma can reduce a person's quality of life and cause distress. A survey of people in Ireland who have had a stoma for an average of 15 years found that, while they now have a similar quality of life to the general population, they have poorer mental health and a higher level of sexual dysfunction. Respondents want to talk about their experiences and may benefit from more opportunities to talk to others with a stoma or to stoma care nurses. While most patient information suggests that patients can return to their usual diet and their clothes, a majority of ostomates have to make changes in these areas; some dietary changes have implications for their health. Ostomates in Ireland experience continuing problems with leakages and peristomal skin. These issues show there is a need for routine, regular follow up of ostomates by stoma care nurses. Although most patients found follow up by a community stoma care nurse helpful, the provision of this type of service varies.
Improving end-of-life care through quality improvement
Authors: Stilos Kalli , Wynnychuk Lesia , DasGupta Tracey , Lilien Tammy , Daines Patricia
Published: September 2016

Although end of life (EoL) care has been identified as an area for quality improvement in hospitals, the quality of care Canadian patients receive at the end of life is not well-evidenced. National statistics indicate that Canadians would prefer to die at home, yet more than 50% die in acute care hospital settings. Busy and often highly specialised acute care units may be perceived as a distressing place of death for both patients and their families. Furthermore, many clinicians are not trained in diagnosing imminent dying, managing symptoms at the end of life or supporting dying patients and their families. As such, to improve the experience of EoL care, a corporate, institution-wide strategy entitled the Quality Dying Initiative was introduced and implemented across a tertiary care academic teaching hospital. A primary focus of this initiative was the implementation of a comprehensive Comfort Measures Strategy. This strategy involved the development of an evidence-based order set, which included elements of symptom assessment and management, patient and family education, and spiritual and emotional support. Staff education and mentoring was also a critical element of the larger Comfort Measures Strategy, as well as an evaluative component.
An assessment of palliative care beliefs and knowledge: the healthcare provider's perspective
Authors: Patten Yvonne A. , Ojeda Maria M. , Lindgren Carolyn L.
Published: September 2016

Research shows that healthcare providers' palliative care training and their misconceptions impact the delivery of care. As a result, the need for continuing education with adequate training is paramount to improve their knowledge and confidence in addressing the needs of patients and families facing serious illnesses. A pre-experimental static-group comparison design was used to determine if there was a significant difference in perceived competency and knowledge between healthcare providers who participated in a palliative care training programme and those who did not. A non-randomised sample of healthcare providers were administered a questionnaire to assess perceived competence and knowledge. Responses from 388 participants revealed a significant association between perceived competency and knowledge scores.

The authors concluded that participation in a palliative care programme makes a significant difference in the healthcare provider's knowledge. However, further exploration is necessary to deduce the underlying reason for the negative association between perceived competency and knowledge.
What are the barriers to initiating end-of-life conversations with patients in the last year of life?
Authors: Travers Alice , Taylor Vanessa
Published: September 2016

Introduction:

Improving end of life care is a national imperative. Unsatisfactory care persists particularly in acute hospitals, with shortcomings, variability in communication and advance care planning identified as fundamental issues. This review explored the literature to identify what is known about the barriers to initiating end-of-life conversations with patients from the perspective of doctors and nurses in the acute hospital setting.

Method:

Six electronic databases were searched for potentially relevant records published between 2008 and 2015. Studies were included if the authors reported on barriers to discussing end of life with families or patients as described by doctors or nurses in hospital settings, excluding critical care.

Results:

Of 1267 potentially relevant records, 12 were included in the review. Although there is limited high-quality evidence available, several barriers were identified. Recurrent themes within the literature related to a lack of education and training, difficulty in prognostication, cultural differences and perceived reluctance of the patient or family.

Conclusions:

This study illustrated that, in addressing barriers to communication, consideration needs to be extended to include how to embed good communication practice between patients and health professionals into the culture of this setting. Board level commitment is required to raise awareness of, and familiarity with, policies and protocols concerning communication and end-of-life care. Communication training should include practical skills and tools, opportunities to explore the personal beliefs of practitioners and managing their emotions, opportunities to analyse the local organisational (physical and social environment) and team barriers.
Editorial
Authors: Scarpa Regina , Prado Ricardo , Ratier Rodrigo
Published: September 2016

Uma edição especial sobre alfabetização não poderia deixar de falar sobre Emilia Ferreiro. Melhor ainda é tê-la como entrevistada. A psicolinguista argentina, hoje a mais reconhecida e influente continuadora das pesquisas sobre a aprendizagem das crianças iniciadas por Jean Piaget, está atenta aos efeitos que a atual revolução tecnológica vem provocando na educação.
Vertical and Horizontal Impact Force Comparison During Jump Landings With and Without Rotation in NCAA Division I Male Soccer Players
Authors: Harry John R. , Barker Leland A. , Mercer John A. , Dufek Janet S.
Published: September 2016

Harry, JR, Barker, LA, Mercer, JA, and Dufek, JS. Vertical and horizontal impact force comparison during jump landings with and without rotation in NCAA Division I male soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 31(7): 1780–1786, 2017—There is a wealth of research on impact force characteristics when landing from a jump. However, there are no data on impact forces during landing from a jump with an airborne rotation about the vertical axis. We examined impact force parameters in the vertical and horizontal axes during vertical jump (VJ) landings and VJ landings with a 180° rotation (VJR). Twenty-four Division I male soccer players performed 3 VJ and VJR landings on a dual-force platform system. Paired-samples t-tests (α = 0.05) compared differences in the first (F1) and second (F2) peak vertical ground reaction forces, times to F1 (tF1), F2 (tF2), and the end of the impact phase, vertical impulse, and anterior-posterior and medial-lateral force couples. Effect sizes (ES; large >0.8) were computed to determine the magnitude of the differences. Lower jump height (41.60 ± 4.03 cm, VJ landings; 39.40 ± 4.05 cm, VJR landings; p = 0.002; ES = 0.39), greater F2 (55.71 ± 11.95 N·kg−1, VJ; 68.16 ± 14.82 N·kg−1; p < 0.001; ES = 0.94), faster tF2 (0.057 ± 0.012 seconds, VJ; 0.047 ± 0.011 seconds, VJR; p = 0.001; ES = 0.89), greater anterior-posterior (0.06 ± 0.03 N·s·kg−1, VJ; 0.56 ± 0.15 N·s·kg−1, VJR; p < 0.001; ES = 1.83) and medial-lateral force couples (0.29 ± 0.11 N·s·kg−1, VJ; 0.56 ± 0.14 N·s·kg−1, VJR; p < 0.001; ES = 1.46) occurred during VJR landings. No other differences were identified. This kinetic analysis determined that landing from a jump with 180° airborne rotation is different than landing from a jump without an airborne rotation. Male Division I soccer players could benefit from increasing the volume of VJR landings during training to address the differences in jump height and force parameters compared with VJ landings.
The Perceived Psychological Responsibilities of a Strength and Conditioning Coach
Authors: Radcliffe Jon N. , Comfort Paul , Fawcett Tom
Published: September 2016

Radcliffe, JN, Comfort, P, and Fawcett, T. The perceived psychological responsibilities of a strength and conditioning coach. J Strength Cond Res 32(10): 2853–2862, 2016—Research is limited in exploring the specific psychology-oriented responsibilities of the strength and conditioning professional. The present research explored the psychological responsibilities adopted by accredited strength and conditioning coaches. Participants comprised 10 coaches working within the United Kingdom, 3 within the United States, and 5 within Australia offering a cross-section of experience from various sport disciplines and educational backgrounds. Participants were interviewed either in person or via Skype. Thematic clustering was followed using interpretative phonological analysis to identify common themes. Over half (61%) of the respondents reported that their position as a strength and conditioning coach required additional psychology-oriented responsibilities. These comprised a counseling role in the absence of a psychologist and the use of “softer skills” in a mentoring role to the athlete during a challenging situation. The coach could play an influential role in shaping the mentality of the team. The coach identifies how the role results in working to relay information from the athlete to other support staff and similarly from the support staff to the athlete. In addition to identifying the resonant psychology-oriented responsibilities, discussion is made with specific focus on the ethical boundary within which strength and conditioning coaches must reside regarding the competencies to provide psychological support.
Reliability and Validity of the Load–Velocity Relationship to Predict the 1RM Back Squat
Authors: Banyard Harry G. , Nosaka Kazunori , Haff G. Gregory
Published: September 2016

Banyard, HG, Nosaka, K, and Haff, GG. Reliability and validity of the load–velocity relationship to predict the 1RM back squat. J Strength Cond Res 31(7): 1897–1904, 2017—This study investigated the reliability and validity of the load–velocity relationship to predict the free-weight back squat one repetition maximum (1RM). Seventeen strength-trained males performed three 1RM assessments on 3 separate days. All repetitions were performed to full depth with maximal concentric effort. Predicted 1RMs were calculated by entering the mean concentric velocity of the 1RM (V1RM) into an individualized linear regression equation, which was derived from the load–velocity relationship of 3 (20, 40, 60% of 1RM), 4 (20, 40, 60, 80% of 1RM), or 5 (20, 40, 60, 80, 90% of 1RM) incremental warm-up sets. The actual 1RM (140.3 ± 27.2 kg) was very stable between 3 trials (ICC = 0.99; SEM = 2.9 kg; CV = 2.1%; ES = 0.11). Predicted 1RM from 5 warm-up sets up to and including 90% of 1RM was the most reliable (ICC = 0.92; SEM = 8.6 kg; CV = 5.7%; ES = −0.02) and valid (r = 0.93; SEE = 10.6 kg; CV = 7.4%; ES = 0.71) of the predicted 1RM methods. However, all predicted 1RMs were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05; ES = 0.71–1.04) from the actual 1RM. Individual variation for the actual 1RM was small between trials ranging from −5.6 to 4.8% compared with the most accurate predictive method up to 90% of 1RM, which was more variable (−5.5 to 27.8%). Importantly, the V1RM (0.24 ± 0.06 m·s−1) was unreliable between trials (ICC = 0.42; SEM = 0.05 m·s−1; CV = 22.5%; ES = 0.14). The load–velocity relationship for the full depth free-weight back squat showed moderate reliability and validity but could not accurately predict 1RM, which was stable between trials. Thus, the load–velocity relationship 1RM prediction method used in this study cannot accurately modify sessional training loads because of large V1RM variability.
Strength and Conditioning for Throwing in Cricket
Authors: Cronin John B. , Sharp Anthony P. , Stronach Bryan , Deuchrass Richard , Bressel Eadric , Shackel Dayle F. , McMaster Daniel T.
Published: September 2016

IN CRICKET, THE ABILITY TO THROW A BALL AT HIGH VELOCITY WITH GREAT ACCURACY IS CRITICAL TO SUCCESSFUL PERFORMANCE AND OFTEN DETERMINES THE OUTCOME OF MATCHES. THE SKILL OF CRICKET FIELDING INCORPORATES A MOVEMENT PHASE AND A PICK-UP AND THROW PHASE AIMED AT DECREASING RUN RATE OR PRODUCING A RUN OUT OF THE OPPOSITION. A MAJOR ISSUE IN CRICKET IS THE RISK OF INJURY TO PLAYERS ATTRIBUTED TO AN ACUTE SPIKE IN THROWING INTENSITY AND VOLUME DURING PRACTICE AND MATCHES. THIS ARTICLE DISCUSSES STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING PRACTICES THAT MAY REDUCE THE PREVALENCE OF THROWING-RELATED INJURIES AND IMPROVE THROWING PERFORMANCE.
Voting Rights Litigation And The Arkansas Judiciary: Getting What You Didn’t Ask For
Authors: Gingerich James D.
Published: September 2016

Many authors and researchers have commented about the role of courts, both federal and state, as public policy makers (Dahl, 1958; Grossman and Wells, 1966 and 1980; Shubert, 1974; Horowitz, 1977; Jacob, 1983). Others have studied the process of implementing judicial decisions and their effect upon public policy and other political institutions (Wasby, 1970; Baum, 1976, 1977, and 1985; Tarr, 1977; Johnson and Canon, 1984). Public policy analysts have shown that the longrecognized uncertainties in public policy-making frequently result in unintended consequences (Lindblom, 1968). Such unintended results are even more likely in the judicial decision-making setting, given the questioned authority and ability of courts to make policy, the lack of sufficient enforcement mechanisms, and the diverse nature of the implementing populations (Johnson and Canon, 1984).
Changing Demographics Of The State Executive Service: A Research Note
Authors: Pearson William M. , Castle David S.
Published: September 2016

Demographic data on public employees address two prominent public administration issues: the representativeness of bureaucracy and the qualifications of its personnel. A “representative bureaucracy” reflects the social characteristics of the population and is measured by the access of social groups to government jobs. The relationship between representative bureaucracy and democracy is well established in the public administration literature. A common assertion is that representative bureaucracy reflects attitudes, values, and policy preferences of society, thereby promoting administrative responsiveness to public needs (Meier 1987, 180). Others argue that public confidence increases in political institutions as they become more representative of the population they serve, and the perception of bureaucracy as open to major social groups, particularly women and ethnic minorities, has a necessary symbolic, legitimizing, and stabilizing effect on political systems (Krislov 1974, 64; Krislov and Rosenbloom 1981, 71). A highly qualified, competent, and professional workforce is an equally laudable societal value. It is gauged by the educational attainments and relevant experience of public servants. This study, reporting the demographic composition of the executive service in selected states, has implications for both of these salient concerns.
The Dynamics of Party Organizational Development
Authors: Herrnson Paul S. , Menefee-Libey David
Published: September 2016

Once characterized as poor, transitory, and “powerless,” national party organizations in the United States are now financially secure, stable, and highly influential in election campaigns and in their relations with state and local party committees. The transformation of the Democratic and Republican national, congressional, and senatorial campaign committees can be explained using theories of organizational change from the organizational behavior literature and traditional arguments about electoral competition and coalition-building from the parties literature. This paper explains the timing and content of party organizational development by focusing on the nature of the problems that confront the parties, the crises that create opportunities for party organizational change, the motives and behaviors of political entrepreneurs instigating the change, and the internal politics of the party organizations themselves. The explanation accounts for the different paths of institutionalization taken by the six national party organizations and for the variations in the roles they currently play in the electoral process.
Blacks, Whites, and the Voting Rights Act: The Politics of Contextual Change
Authors: Davison Donald L.
Published: September 2016

This research argues that the Voting Rights Act of 1965 produced dramatic changes in the racial, political, and legal contexts of the South. By guaranteeing the franchise to 3.5 million eligible black voters the VRA contributed to a change in the racial and political equilibrium of the 505 counties covered by the V R A Within these counties, many Southern white voters responded to the mobilization of black voters by casting votes for Republican candidates in congressional elections. The change in white partisan voting patterns appears to be inversely related to socioeconomic status.
Rejoinder to Bullock
Authors: Davison Donald L. , Krassa Michael A.
Published: September 2016

As we note in our paper, the complex dynamics of voters’ partisan and candidate choices involve a large number of sometimes interrelated causal forces that come together in peculiar ways to produce sometimes unexpected results. However, like Key (1949) and many other scholars, we conclude that race is an extraordinarily important determinant of political behavior in the American South. We are pleased that Professor Bullock shares our overall assessments of the sources of the southern partisan realignment, and note that his criticisms are framed in somewhat simplistic constructions of certain theories and arguments. We are happy for this opportunity to elaborate on our comments.
Change and Democratization in One-Party Systems
Authors: Bass Harold F.
Published: September 2016

This analysis of one-party systems in three different settings — the American South, the Eastern Bloc, and the Third World - ponders the circumstance that both interparty competition and intraparty competition among subparty components (organization, office, and electorate) are on the rise in all three settings. This bodes well for the chances of democracy in each setting, regardless of whether one expects to find democracy in between the parties, as Schattschneider did, or expects that democracy should order the parties internally, as classical democratic theorists do. The analysis also commends Southern leadership succession institutions (competitive primaries and run-offs) as devices for attaining democracy while still in the one-party mode, and credits broader, pervasive structural and politocultural features of the American polity for the workability of those institutions.
Modeling Membership in the National Rifle Association
Authors: Brown Clyde
Published: September 2016

This paper empirically tests several hypotheses offered by political scientists and economists to explain membership in political interest groups by examining the aggregate membership of the National Rifle Association (NRA) from 1921 to 1984. Intervention and transfer function ARIMA analysis is used to model membership on the basis of (1) qualitative changes in the level of material selective benefits offered prospective members, and (2) fluctuations in the number of people being discharged from the military. The NRA has an extensive history of institutional sponsorship. NRA membership increased dramatically with the onset of new selective material benefits in 1979 but did not decline when a reduction in selective material benefits occurred in 1968. Demobilization at the end of World War II had a significant impact on NRA membership and a positive relationship exists between NRA membership and the level of annual discharges from the military.
A Federalist Explanation of Municipal Elections
Authors: Young Cheryl D. , Stein Robert
Published: September 2016

This paper suggests that individual voting behavior in municipal elections is most closely associated with voter concern with municipal economic development and basic city services. Redistributive issues and race are, as such, irrelevant in local elections. Candidates for local office should, therefore, avoid such issues and associate themselves with economic growth potential and better provision of services. To test this fiscal federal assertion, a panel survey of registered voters in Houston, Texas, was conducted during the city’s 1985 mayoral election. The findings support the assertion that municipal electoral politics are limited by the very policies with which municipal governments are charged.
Rejoinder to Hero
Authors: Young Cheryl D. , Stein Robert
Published: September 2016

Rodney Hero’s discussion of “A Federalist Explanation of Municipal Elections” is filled with thoughtful comments and criticisms. Many of his assertions directly support our own pronouncements while others prompt us -- and, hopefully, our readers -- to rethink the idea of federalism and its relationship to municipal elections.
The Democratic Revolution in the USSR: Can the System Cope with Pluralism?
Authors: Kelley Donald R.
Published: September 2016

Gorbachev's democratic revolution in the former Soviet Union fundamentally reshaped not only the political process of his nation but redefined the very nature of the nation itself. Begun as an attempt to implement guided reforms and to develop a political formula that would undercut conservative opposition, the interlocking policies of perestroika, glasnost, and demokratizatsiia acquired a life of their own, setting loose political and social forces that escaped the control of leadership at all levels. The abolition of the monopoly role of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the creation of democratically elected legislatures at all levels, and the proliferation of political parties and interest groups have created a truly pluralistic political system. But with such pluralism comes the need to develop mechanisms that will mediate among newly empowered political forces, finding some common ground of compromise and adjustment. In the Soviet context, four such sources of mediational activity are possible: (1) a reformed Communist Party might transform itself into a broad pro-reform coalition; (2) the newly formed political parties and groups might form broad coalitions; (3) the legislature(s) might develop mechanisms fostering the emergence of consensus; and (4) coordination might be provided by the all-union and republic presidencies. Yet even before the coup attempt, little progress had been made in finding widespread consensus, and the post-coup dispersal of power to the republic level has made the system even less likely to produce such agreement.
Totalitarianism, Authoritarianism, and the Pursuit of Democracy: Lessons from Taiwan and China
Authors: Copper John F.
Published: September 2016

China and Taiwan are useful contrasting models for assessing the growth of political party competition and democracy. Both nations (or political entities) are demographically, historically, and culturally similar; thus, these and other situational variables are controlled such that the causality of the type of economic system and the openness of the political system emerges more clearly.
Democracy and Economic Liberalism: The Foundations of Hope in Africa
Authors: Kelley Michael A.
Published: September 2016

The failure of many African regimes since independence to materially advance the quality of life and freedoms of their citizens has created a paradigm shift in development policy. Emphasizing the real capacity for autonomous choice among national and local elites, there is an ever-increasing recognition of the linkage between the use of free market mechanisms to promote national well-being and the provision of a democratic government. Data suggest that democratic and/or market driven states have fared better in Africa than those which embraced more controlled political and economic regimes.
ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS RELATED TO LIGNEOUS VEGETATION IN THE PERMANENT PRESERVATION AREAS OF MINEIROS, GOIÁS, IN LIGHT OF THE NEW NATIVE VEGETATION PROTECTION POLICY - LAW 12.651/2012
Authors: Siqueira Mariana Nascimento , Morais Alessandro Ribeiro , Faria Karla Maria da Silva , Castro Selma Simões
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT Permanent preservation areas (PPAs) adjacent to drainage channels may include forests, savannahs, or grassland Under a former environmental legislation ("Forest Code"), it was required to maintain a strip of native vegetation (at least 30 m wide) at the margin of any drainage channel, to support environmental functions. Under the current native vegetation protection policy, if a riparian margin was degraded prior to 2008, the landholder is required to regenerate a strip of only 5-20 m, in some cases. The present study evaluated and compared the ligneous vegetation structure in 10 preserved PPAs (following the requirements of the old law) and 10 degraded PPAs (conforming to the current environmental legislation), in Mineiros municipality, southwest Goiás. Sixty plots measuring 15 m × 30 m were delineated, and data for all ligneous individuals with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm were recorded. A total of 2,662 individuals were documented, distributed among 208 species. Of the total, 1,573 individuals belonging to 167 species were from the preserved PPAs, and 1,089 individuals across 142 species were from the degraded PPAs. According to these results, the preserved PPAs were richer in species composition than in the degraded PPAs (245.5 ± 34.36 and 213.3 ± 34.1, respectively), in addition to being more abundant in terms of individuals. The importance value index (IVI) was well distributed among the species. All the degraded PPAs presented signs of erosion. It was concluded that the reduced width of the PPAs (5-20 m) under the current native vegetation protection policy would result in a loss of the environmental functions sought by the legislation..
PAPER BRAZILIAN FIRMS MARKET POWER IN THE WORLDWIDE MARKET
Authors: Mendes Giovanna Miranda , Pereira Vanessa da Fonseca , Braga Marcelo José
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze the behavior of Brazilian paper companies in the international market. The analysis was based on the New Empirical Industrial Organization, based on Bresnahan's model (1982) to measure the conduct parameter in the industry. Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) method was used for the simultaneous equations estimative. From the results, it cannot be stated that the Brazilian companies behave as a monopolist or as a company in perfect competition in the international market. The parameter of 0.22 in the industry conduct indicated that the market is an oligopoly, intermediary to both extreme behaviors.
SPATIAL SCALE EFFECTS OF SAMPLING ON THE INTERPOLATION OF SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS IN THE SOUTHWESTERN AMAZON
Authors: Figueiredo Symone Maria de Melo , Venticinque Eduardo Martins , Figueiredo Evandro Orfanó
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT Knowledge of the geographical distribution of timber tree species in the Amazon is still scarce. This is especially true at the local level, thereby limiting natural resource management actions. Forest inventories are key sources of information on the occurrence of such species. However, areas with approved forest management plans are mostly located near access roads and the main industrial centers. The present study aimed to assess the spatial scale effects of forest inventories used as sources of occurrence data in the interpolation of potential species distribution models. The occurrence data of a group of six forest tree species were divided into four geographical areas during the modeling process. Several sampling schemes were then tested applying the maximum entropy algorithm, using the following predictor variables: elevation, slope, exposure, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and height above the nearest drainage (HAND). The results revealed that using occurrence data from only one geographical area with unique environmental characteristics increased both model overfitting to input data and omission error rates. The use of a diagonal systematic sampling scheme and lower threshold values led to improved model performance. Forest inventories may be used to predict areas with a high probability of species occurrence, provided they are located in forest management plan regions representative of the environmental range of the model projection area.
SYNCHRONIZING THE in vitro GERMINATION OF Psidium guineense Sw. SEEDS BY MEANS OF OSMOTIC PRIMING
Authors: Santos Márcia Adriana Carvalho dos , Rego Mailson Monteiro do , Queiroz Manoel Abilio de , Dantas Bárbara França , Otoni Wagner Campos
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT The Brazilian guava (Psidium guineense Swartz) is seed-propagated and, being native to the Caatinga biome, may frequently have uneven germination.Thus, we aimed to evaluate the synchronization of the in vitro seed germination of three accessions of the Brazilian guava, using water, polyethyleneglycol (PEG 6000), and potassium nitrate (KNO3) at different potentials and times of osmotic priming. Seeds from three accessions of the Brazilian guava (Y85, Y93,and Y97) from the UNEB/BA Germplasm Active Bank were subjected to the following pretreatments: -0.6, -1.0, -1.4, and -1,8 MPa PEG 6000; 10 and 20% KNO3 for 24h; 10 and 20% KNO3 for 48h; water for 24 and 48h; and non-primed seeds as the control. The experimental design was therefore a 10x3+1 factorial scheme. We assessed the germination percentage (G), mean germination time (MGT), germination speed (GS), and germination speed index (GSI). Data was subjected to analysis of variance followed by a means test (Duncan at 5% probability) and regression. There was interaction between the priming treatments and accessions for all evaluated features, except G. PEG 6000 decreased the MGT (from 6 to 8 days) and increased GS and GSI of seeds from all three accessions at potentials -1.0 to -1.5 MPa.Water-priming had a positive effect on MGT, GS, and GSI of accession Y85 seeds. KNO3 negatively affected germination of seeds from all three accessions. Thereby, we could synchronize seed germination of accessions Y85 and Y97 with PEG 6000.
ASEXUAL PROPAGATION OF ARAÇÁ (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) BY LEAF AND YOUNG BRANCHES CUTTINGS
Authors: Rodriguez Edwin Antonio Gutierrez , Pradella Elisandra Maria , Souza Paulo Vitor Dutra de , Schafer Gilmar
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT Psidium cattleianum Sab., from Mirtaceae family, commonly known as araçá, is a native species form the South of Brazil, present in biomes such as the Atlantic Forest, a deciduous forest of Brazilian cerrado, strongly affected by the expansion of areas for agricultural and industrial production. Researches on plant breeding area, nutraceuticals and other areas have validated its potential and it detaches the need to promote it on a commercial scale. Mechanisms, that allow exploiting its genetic potential while maintaining its conservation areas, require adjustment in cloning techniques for fixing interest characteristics. In this investigation, seedlings of leaf cutting and young branch were assessed, with three treatments in leaf cutting (H2PO4 0.2 gL-1, AIB 100 mg L-1 and AIB and powder-based applied over cutting region). Moreover, leaf cuttings of five cm length and the two leaves were treated with AIB (0, 1,500, 3,000 and 6,000 mg L-1) in the absence and presence of BAP (500 mg L-1). Treatment with AIB (powder) in leaf cuttings showed higher survival of leave; however, there were callus formation, especially compared to other treatments of H2PO4 and AIB that showed average rooting percentage of 18%. In plant cuttings, there were no significant difference for the variables evaluated between AIB doses; however, the use of cytokinin (BAP 500 mg L-1) was inhibitory. There was no difference at rooting percentage (98%) without treatment with regulator, maintaining similar with BAP doses.
COMPARED ANATOMY OF SPECIES OF Calycophyllum DC. (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Baldin Talita , Siegloch Anelise Marta , Marchiori José Newton Cardoso
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT The wood anatomy of three species and one variety of genus Calycophyllum DC. (C. candidissimum, C. multiflorum, C. spruceanum e C. spruceanum f. brasiliensis) is presently described according to IAWA (1989). Most of the observed characteristics agree with the common pattern described to family Rubiaceae, and allows grouping them in the "Type II" wood structure: predominantly radial multiple pores; axial parenchyma absent; large rays (2-4 or more cells), with few layers of square and upright cells in the margins; septate fibers with simple pits. These characters, observed in all studied species, do not agree with the anatomical pattern referred to Ixoroideae subfamily.
Habilidades Sociais em Alcoolistas: Um Estudo Comparativo
Authors: Felicissimo Flaviane Bevilaqua , Santos Juliana Aparecida dos , Fontoura Laiz de Oliveira , Ronzani Telmo Mota
Published: September 2016

RESUMO O presente estudo objetivou comparar o repertório de habilidades sociais (HS) de dependentes e não dependentes de álcool a fim de verificar se um menor repertório de HS constitui uma característica dessa população. Foram entrevistados 123 alcoolistas e 114 usuários de serviços de saúde com baixo ou nenhum consumo de álcool, utilizando questionário sociodemográfico, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview e o Inventário de Habilidades Sociais. Os dados foram analisados quantitativamente e indicaram uma diferença significativa no repertório de HS, especificamente no fator de autocontrole da agressividade, indicando um pior desempenho dessa habilidade em alcoolistas. Os resultados sugerem que a avaliação dessa característica deva ser considerada no tratamento do alcoolismo e associada ao plano terapêutico.
Frequency of pain and eating disorders among professional and amateur dancers
Authors: Diogo Maria Angélica Kurpel , Ribas Gabriel Gomes de Oliveira , Skare Thelma Larocca
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The pursuit of perfection can cause anxiety and lead dancers to exceed their physical limits. The aim here was to evaluate the prevalence of pain symptoms and eating disorders among professional and amateur dancers. DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational cross-sectional study; Curitiba, PR, Brazil. METHODS: Data on 150 professional and non-professional practitioners of ballet, jazz and street dance were collected through specific questionnaires: Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF), Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), Bulimic Investigatory Test Edinburgh (BITE) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-T-6 (STAI-T-6). RESULTS: Pain was observed in 58.6% of the sample, equally between professionals and amateurs (P = 0.19). Ballet dancers had more lower-limb pain than the other groups (P = 0.05). EAT-26 showed a tendency towards more eating disorders among the amateurs (P = 0.06). Higher risk of eating disorders was found among ballet dancers (P = 0.004) and jazz practitioners (P = 0.02) than among street dancers. Amateurs had more symptoms on the BITE scale (P < 0.0001), more pain (P = 0.002) and higher anxiety (P < 0.0001). Eating disorders were more common among females (P = 0.01) and singles (P = 0.02). Professionals were more satisfied with their own body image than amateurs (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Pain symptoms were found in almost half of the sample, equally among professionals and amateurs as well as between the three dance styles. Female and singles had more eating disorders. Those with eating disorders had higher levels of pain and anxiety.
Storage of Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. seeds
Authors: Nery F. C. , Prudente D. O. , Alvarenga A. A. , Paiva R. , Nery M. C.
Published: September 2016

Abstract Calophyllum brasiliense is a species native to Brazil and has potential for use in the timber industry, in the reforestation of degraded areas, besides having medicinal properties. Its propagation is mainly by seeds which, depending on their recalcitrant characteristics, leads to difficulty in conservation, due to changes in its physiological potential during storage. Aiming to contribute to the expansion of its cultivation, rational use and conservation, the objective of this study was to investigate the behavior of C. brasiliense seeds during storage. Different packings (paper, aluminum and polyethylene) and environmental conditions (room temperature and cold chamber) were quarterly tested over 12 months, by evaluating germination viability and vigor. Based on the results, it was concluded that packaging in polyethylene and freezer storage provided the best conditions for the conservation of seeds, keeping them viable for a period of nine months.