bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental study of therapy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells or muscle‐like cells/calcium alginate composite gel for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Du Xiao‐Wen , Wu Hui‐Ling , Zhu Yong‐Feng , Hu Jun‐Biao , Jin Fan , Lv Rui‐Ping , Sun Si , Wang Hao‐Yu , Xu Jian‐Wei
Published: July 2012

Objective

To explore the myoblast formation around the urethra and increase in urethral resistance of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells or muscle‐like cells/calcium alginate composite gel injection therapy and effect on LPP in SUI rat model.

Methods

Isolation, cultivation, and identification of SD rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell were performed. 5‐Azacytidine was introduced to induce muscle‐like cells. SUI was produced in 72 6‐week‐old female Sprague–Dawley rats, which were divided into four groups: stem cell‐gel group, muscle‐like cell‐gel group, Gel group, and mock control group. One, 4, and 8 weeks after injection, the leak point pressure (LPP) was measured. HE staining of Desmin and α‐skeletal muscle actin (α‐SMA) were performed.

Results

At 4 and 8 weeks after injection in stem cell‐gel group and muscle‐like cell‐gel group, growth of blood vessels gradually increased at gel edge, BMSC, and muscle‐like cells gathered around the new blood vessels observed by fluorescence tracer, muscle‐like cells grew into elongated spindle‐like cells, Desmin, and α‐SMA staining were obviously positive expression. LPP determinations of the mock control group compared with the Gel groups were significantly different.

Conclusions

Compound of BMSC, muscle‐like cells, and calcium alginate composite gel has the potential to differentiate into muscle cells in the microenvironment of SUI rat model. It is found by LPP measurement that the correlation between the increase in urethral resistance and the volume effect of calcium alginate gel is high. Neurourol. Urodynam. 32: 281–286, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Does it work in the long term?—A systematic review on pelvic floor muscle training for female stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Bø Kari , Hilde Gunvor
Published: July 2012

Aims

There is level 1, grade A evidence that pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is effective in treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), but long‐term outcome has been questioned. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the long‐term outcome of PFMT for female SUI.

Methods

Computerized search on PubMed up to year 2012 was undertaken with the search strategy: pelvic floor AND (urinary incontinence OR stress urinary incontinence) AND (training OR exercise OR physical activity) AND (follow‐up OR long‐term). Limitations were: humans, female, clinical trial, English, and adults. Inclusion criteria were: studies on SUI using PFMT with or without biofeedback as the intervention, follow‐up period of ≥1 year. Exclusion criteria were studies using electrical stimulation alone and studies in the peripartum period.

Results

Nineteen studies were included (1,141 women followed between 1 and 15 years). Statistical meta‐analysis was not performed due to high heterogeneity. Only two studies provided follow‐up interventions. Losses to follow‐up during the long‐term period ranged between 0% and 39%. Long‐term adherence to PFMT varied between 10% and 70%. Five studies reported that the initial success rate on SUI and MUI was maintained at long‐term. Long‐term success based on responders to the original trial varied between 41% and 85%. Surgery rates at long term varied between 4.9% and 58%.

Conclusions

Short‐term outcome of PFMT can be maintained at long‐term follow‐up without incentives for continued training, but there is a high heterogeneity in both interventional and methodological quality in short‐and long‐term pelvic floor muscle training studies. Neurourol. Urodynam. 32: 215–223, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical features and outcomes in patients with secondary Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Applebaum Mark A. , Goldsby Robert , Neuhaus John , DuBois Steven G.
Published: July 2012

Background

Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is rarely diagnosed as a second malignancy. We sought to describe a cohort of patients with secondary EWS and investigate if patient characteristics and survival differ between patients with secondary and primary EWS.

Procedure

Patients with EWS or peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) reported to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database from 1973 to 2008 were evaluated based on primary or secondary tumor sequence. Overall survival was estimated by Kaplan–Meier methods and evaluated using the log‐rank test. Competing risk analysis was used to describe risk of death due to malignancy rather than other causes.

Results

Fifty‐eight cases of secondary EWS were reported, accounting for 2.1% of all EWS cases. The median latency from primary malignancy to secondary EWS was 64 months (range 1–282 months). 12.1% of patients with secondary EWS received radiation to the site of secondary tumor during therapy for their primary malignancy. Patients with secondary EWS were more likely to have axial tumors (77.4% vs. 62.5%; P = 0.03) and smaller tumors (75.0% vs. 48.2% <8 cm; P = 0.001). Five‐year overall survival from diagnosis was inferior for patients with secondary compared to primary EWS (34.3% vs. 52.2%; P = 0.002). However, patients with secondary tumors were less likely than those with primary EWS to die from their malignancy [hazard ratio 0.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23–0.85].

Conclusions

Secondary EWS accounts for a minority of cases of EWS. Tumor size and site and patient survival differ among patients with primary and secondary EWS. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 611–615. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optic pathway glioma as part of a constitutional mismatch‐repair deficiency syndrome in a patient meeting the criteria for neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Yeung Jacky T. , Pollack Ian F. , Shah Sapana , Jaffe Ronald , Nikiforova Marina , Jakacki Regina I.
Published: July 2012

Patients with constitutional mismatch repair‐deficiency (CMMR‐D) caused by the biallelic deletions of mismatch repair (MMR) genes have a high likelihood of developing malignancies of the bone marrow, bowel, and brain. Affected individuals often have phenotypic features of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF‐1), including café‐au‐lait spots. Optic pathway gliomas (OPGs), a common manifestation of NF‐1, have not been reported. We report the case of a 3‐year‐old male with an extensive OPG who met the diagnostic criteria for NF‐1. He was subsequently found to have multiple colonic polyps and bi‐allelic loss of PMS2. Testing for NF‐1 was negative. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 137–139. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Psychoactive medication use and neurocognitive function in adult survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the childhood cancer survivor study
Authors: Brinkman Tara M. , Zhang Nan , Ullrich Nicole J. , Brouwers Pim , Green Daniel M. , Srivastava Deo Kumar , Zeltzer Lonnie K. , Stovall Marilyn , Robison Leslie L. , Krull Kevin R.
Published: July 2012

Background

Adult survivors of childhood cancer are at risk for long‐term morbidities, which may be managed pharmacologically. Psychoactive medication treatment has been associated with adverse effects on specific neurocognitive processes in non‐cancer populations, yet these associations have not been examined in adult survivors of childhood cancer.

Procedure

Outcomes were evaluated in 7,080 adult survivors from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) using a validated self‐report Neurocognitive Questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for neurocognitive impairment using demographic and treatment factors and survivors' report of prescription medication use.

Results

Controlling for cranial radiation, pain, psychological distress, and stroke/seizure, use of antidepressant medications was associated with impaired task efficiency (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.47–2.21), organization (OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.48–2.25), memory (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.27–1.84), and emotional regulation (OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.70–2.51). Neuroleptics and stimulants were associated with impaired task efficiency (OR = 2.46, 95% CI = 1.29–4.69; OR = 2.82, 95% CI = 1.61–4.93, respectively) and memory (OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.13–3.82; OR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.59–4.54, respectively). Anticonvulsants were associated with impaired task efficiency, memory, and emotional regulation, although survivors who use these medications may be at risk for neurocognitive impairment on the basis of seizure disorder and/or underlying tumor location (CNS).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that specific psychoactive medications and/or mental health conditions may be associated with neurocognitive function in adult survivors of childhood cancer. The extent to which these associations are causal or indicative of underlying neurological impairment for which the medications are prescribed remains to be ascertained. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 486–493. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The impact of attention on social functioning in survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia and brain tumors
Authors: Moyer Katherine H. , Willard Victoria W. , Gross Alan M. , Netson Kelli L. , Ashford Jason M. , Kahalley Lisa S. , Wu Shengjie , Xiong Xiaoping , Conklin Heather M.
Published: July 2012

Background

The cognitive late effects experienced by many survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and brain tumors are well‐established. The most commonly reported deficit is difficulty with attention. Problems with social functioning have also been identified, but their relationship with cognitive functioning is not well understood. This multi‐site, cross‐sectional study aimed to examine the impact of attention on social functioning.

Procedure

Four hundred sixty nine survivors of ALL and brain tumors (55% ALL; 57% male) completed study procedures, including parent‐ and teacher‐report measures of attention (Conners' Rating Scales, Revised) and parent‐report of social functioning [Social Skills Rating System (SSRS)] as part of their screening evaluation for a large clinical trial. Survivors were 12.1 years of age and 4.9 years from the end of treatment at the time of study.

Results

Results revealed that survivors' parent‐reported attention problems were uniquely associated with their social functioning, relative to known demographic‐ and treatment‐related risk factors. Teacher‐reported attention problems, in contrast, were not, despite a significant correlation between the two. Deficits in intelligence and female gender were also significantly associated with poor social functioning.

Conclusions

Attention problems uniquely impact difficulties with social functioning in survivors of pediatric cancer. Future studies will need to further examine the relationship between attention and social functioning in survivors, particularly when assessed by teacher report. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 1290–1295. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of low‐dose involved‐field radiation therapy on pediatric patients with lymphocyte‐predominant Hodgkin lymphoma treated with chemotherapy: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Appel Burton E. , Chen Lu , Buxton Allen , Wolden Suzanne L. , Hodgson David C. , Nachman James B.
Published: July 2012

Background

Treatment of pediatric lymphocyte‐predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (LPHL) is controversial but has typically consisted of both chemotherapy and radiation. Radiation therapy is associated with potential late effects in children and adolescents. We examined the impact of radiation therapy on long‐term outcome of patients with LPHL treated on CCG‐5942, a large pediatric cooperative group study of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL).

Procedure

Eighty‐two patients with LPHL were registered on CCG‐5942. Fifty‐two patients (63%) received chemotherapy alone; 29 patients (35%) received chemotherapy followed by involved‐field radiation therapy (IFRT).

Results

The median follow‐up of the LPHL patients is 7.7 years; 63 patients (77%) have >5 years of follow‐up. The 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 97% and 100%. Two relapses occurred, both in patients who did not receive IFRT. There were no significant differences in EFS or OS between patients who received or did not receive IFRT.

Conclusions

This subset analysis demonstrates the chemosensitivity of pediatric LPHL. Patients who had a complete response to chemotherapy had an excellent EFS and OS without the addition of radiotherapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 1284–1289. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Critical Review of Classical Conditioning Effects on Consumer Behavior
Authors: Pornpitakpan Chanthika
Published: July 2012

This paper reviews extant research in classical conditioning effects in consumer behavior and advertising contexts to determine whether they are real or illusory. The empirical results reveal that in cases where classical conditioning effects were found, they could be countermined by the deficiencies in research methodologies, demand artifacts, the mediating role of contingency awareness, or some alternative mechanisms. In cases where the effects were not observed, the failure could be attributed to violations of the conditions for classical conditioning to occur or absence of contingency and demand awareness. It is concluded that thus far there has been no convincing evidence for classical conditioning effects on consumer behavior. Suggestions for future research in this area are presented.
GLTSCR2 contributes to the death resistance and invasiveness of hypoxia‐selected cancer cells
Authors: Kim Jee-Youn , Park Jae-Hoon , Lee Sun
Published: July 2012

Tumor hypoxia may be an indicator of poor survival in cancer patients. Thus, an understanding of the molecular mechanism responsible for hypoxic tumor selection is essential to gain further insight into tumor biology. Our aim in this study was to investigate whether hypoxia‐responsive GLTSCR2 contributes to death resistance and increased invasiveness of hypoxia‐selected glioblastoma cells. We found that repeated hypoxia downregulates p53‐upstream regulator, GLTSCR2, which resulted in increased death resistance and invasive potential of glioblastoma cells. Restoration of GLTSCR2 expression suppressed the malignant potential of hypoxia‐selected cells. Our results indicate that GLTSCR2 participates in hypoxia‐induced malignant potential.
Treating Pain With the Lidocaine Patch 5% After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Khanna Malini , Peters Candice , Singh Jaspal Ricky
Published: July 2012

Objective

To investigate the potential benefits of the lidocaine patch 5% for pain control during the postoperative period after a total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Design/Setting

A prospective cohort study in which we analyzed patients admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation unit after a TKA.

Participants

Fifty‐three consecutive patients who underwent a TKA and were admitted to an orthopedic rehabilitation unit.

Methods

Thirty‐one patients received the lidocaine patch 5%, and 22 patients served as the control group. On the day of admission, the 24‐item Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) was used to evaluate each patient's pain and functional capacity before surgery. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to assess pain ratings every other day starting on rehabilitation day 1. The average end point of the study was rehabilitation day 11.

Main Outcome Measures

The primary outcome measure was the change in VAS from day of admission. Secondary outcomes in the lidocaine patch 5% group consisted of length of use and a patient satisfaction survey.

Results

The lidocaine patch 5% and control group were demographically well matched. The average admission WOMAC score was 49.3 and 57.1 for the lidocaine patch 5% and control groups, respectively. The average length of stay was 13.2 ± 5.1 days for the lidocaine patch 5% group and 12.4 ± 3.7 days for the control group. A statistically significant difference in VAS was found on day 3 (P = .05) between the 2 groups, with the control group demonstrating better pain relief. However, both groups reported similar pain improvements by the end of their hospital stay. Of the 31 patients receiving lidocaine patch 5%, 94% of the patients reported satisfaction and attributed pain relief to its use.

Conclusions

Overall, the concurrent use of lidocaine patch 5% in treating the postoperative pain of patients after TKA does not provide significant additional pain relief compared with control subjects.
‘THE MODERN SHOPPING EXPERIENCE’: KINGSWAY DEPARTMENT STORE AND CONSUMER POLITICS IN GHANA
Authors: Murillo Bianca
Published: July 2012

Despite the perception that department stores are a recent phenomenon in West Africa, modern indoor retail spaces have existed in its major cities since the mid-twentieth century. This article uses the history of Kingsway Department Store in Accra as a lens to understand emerging political, economic and social tensions in post-colonial Ghana. Drawing on United Africa Company (UAC) records, staff reports and inspection findings, as well as local newspapers, advertising and oral interviews, I demonstrate how legacies of colonial capitalism, struggles for political independence and negotiations over what constituted the ‘modern’ fuelled both local and foreign support of the project. For the UAC, investment was an opportunity to legitimize its activities in a newly independent Ghana and a means to shed its image as a colonial merchant firm. While local authorities were divided on whether large-scale retail developments should be part of an expanding post-colonial city, Prime Minister Kwame Nkrumah thought the store might provide a key component in constructing his vision of a new modern nation. However, the presence of white-collar working women, young managers supervising older employees, and the mixing of white expatriate and African shoppers exacerbated social conflicts – challenging local and colonial notions of authority based on race, gender and age.
Good Offices: Intermediation by Corporate Bodies in Early Modern French Public Finance
Authors: Potter Mark
Published: July 2012

The old-regime monarchy, particularly during the reign of Louis XIV, did much of its borrowing through the mediation of privileged corporate bodies that sought lenders on the private market and then acted as guarantors against royal default. After comparing the creditors of various privileged bodies and considering the reasons why some were more successful than others in attracting a wide circle of creditors, this study argues for a reconsideration of the constitutional-absolutist dichotomy in the historiography of the early modern financial revolution.
Prosodic features of bad news and good news in conversation
Authors: Freese Jeremy , Maynard Douglas W.
Published: July 2012

Recent work suggests the importance of integrating prosodic research with research on the sequential organization of ordinary conversation. This paper examines how interactants use prosody as a resource in the joint accomplishment of delivered news as good or bad. Analysis of approximately 100 naturally occurring conversational news deliveries reveals that both good and bad news are presented and received with characteristic prosodic features that are consistent with expression of joy and sorrow, respectively, as described in the existing literature on prosody. These prosodic features are systematically deployed in each of the four turns of the prototypical news delivery sequence. Proposals and ratifications of the valence of a delivery are often made prosodically in the initial turns of the prototypical four-turn news delivery, while lexical assessments of news are often made later. When prosody is used to propose the valence of an item of news, subsequent lexical assessments tend to be alignments with these earlier ascriptions of valence, rather than independent appraisals of the news. (Bad news, good news, conversation analysis, prosody, sequencing).
Oh-prefaced responses to inquiry
Authors: Heritage John
Published: July 2012

In responses to English questions, prefacing with the particleohindicates that, from the viewpoint of the answerer, a question is problematic in terms of its relevance, presuppositions, or context. In addition, oh-prefacing is used to foreshadow reluctance to advance the conversational topic invoked by a question; it may also be part of a “trouble-premonitory” response to various types ofHow are youinquiries in conversational openings and elsewhere. (Conversation analysis, English, utterance design, particles.)
Geological framework of the Inner Hebrides
Authors: Bowes D. R.
Published: July 2012

Synopsis

The geology of the Inner Hebrides covers the time span from ca 2900 m.y. (million years) ago to the present and is dominated by three major crustal regimes. The foreland of the Caledonides is represented by the metamorphic rocks of the Lewisian complex on Rona, Raasay, Coll and Tiree. It is separated by the Moine thrust from the ca 525–100 m.y. old Caledonian mountain chain which is represented by the sediments of the Dalradian Supergroup of Jura and much of Islay. The younger, ca 60 m.y. old, Hebridean Tertiary Igneous Province has major centres in Skye, Rhum and Mull and basaltic lava flows cover considerable areas. Other geological features include the Mesozoic sediments and the products of both the Quaternary glacial activity and present day sedimentation.
Tertiary igneous activity in the Inner Hebrides
Authors: Donaldson Colin H.
Published: July 2012

Synopsis

The magmatism early in the Tertiary period resulted in (1) eruption of extensive plateau lavas (Skye, Small Isles, Mull) and of Central-Group lavas (Mull, central Arran), and (2) emplacement of central intrusion complexes (Skye, Rhum, Mull, Blackstones Bank, Arran), of sill complexes (northern Skye, Shiant Isles, western Mull, southern Arran) and of dyke swarms (almost all of the Inner Hebrides) focused on the central intrusion complexes. Each of these magmatic stages and the rock types formed are described, with particular emphasis on the central intrusion complexes and the fact that the centres about which intrusion occurred shifted with time. Some of the causes of compositional variation among rock types are briefly discussed. Most of the magmatism occurred between 61 and 58 million years ago when rifting and separation of eastern Greenland and north-western Europe was initiated.
Climate of the Inner Hebrides
Authors: Green F. H. W. , Harding R. J.
Published: July 2012

Synopsis

The climate of the Inner Hebrides is considered as a variant (a) of the climate of the British Isles, and (b) of the European Atlantic seaboard. Its chief characteristics are wetness, and mildness—expressed as minimal variation of temperature both diurnally and seasonally. Other features are the marked effect of topography, particularly on rainfall, cloudiness, and windiness. The ecological significance of these features is stressed.
Flora and vegetation of the Inner Hebrides
Authors: Currie A. , Murray C. W.
Published: July 2012

Synopsis

The paper reviews the recent history and present state of knowledge of the flora and its geographical relationships. Key environmental factors are identified and the range of habitats is discussed, with some comment on plant communities. Recent accounts of island flora and plant communities are available for Skye, Rhum and Mull in contrast to the Outer Hebrides where none are available for the main islands. There is no checklist for the flora of the Inner Hebrides, since the islands are best described individually, not as a group.

The geography of the flora and plant communities is discussed and related to that of the Outer Hebrides and the Scottish mainland. Inter-island relationships are described and related to habitat differences. Compared with the Outer Hebrides, machair and extensive wetland habitats are lacking through much of the Inner Hebrides, but there is a much greater extent of upland and mountain environment. There is much more woodland in the Inner Hebrides but the woodland development does not attain the levels of the adjacent mainland.

Despite the greater extent of upland and mountain environments in the Inner than in the Outer Hebrides, many of the plant communities of central Scotland are absent while those of western character are well represented.
Evolution of animals and plants
Authors: Berry R. J.
Published: July 2012

Synopsis

Fifty years ago James Ritchie declared that “in recent times we are looking in Scotland upon Evolution in its course”. The basis for Ritchie's remark was the large number of distinct taxa which have been described on Scottish islands, mainly on the Outer Hebrides. The most effective ingredient in producing taxonomic distinctiveness is isolation, particularly when the isolated form is founded by a small group of organisms which will almost inevitably differ genetically from its ancestral population. Subsequent adaptation may produce divergence between two related but isolated groups, but the process of differentiation will be fairly slow, since natural selection must depend upon the inherited variation present, never mind consideration of evolutionary ‘cost’, etc.

The Inner Hebrides are ecologically very diverse, but the gene-flow between animals and plants living on them and on the mainland of Scotland must be much greater than is the case for Outer Hebridean populations. Notwithstanding, subspecifically distinct races of field mice, voles, shrews, and stoats have been described, and clinal variation shows that adaptive changes have taken place in several bird and lepidopteran species.

The Inner Hebrides offer excellent experimental opportunities to measure gene-flow between different islands, and between islands and mainland. It should be possible to estimate some of the evolutionary forces involved in producing species differentiation, as well as in local extinctions.
Birds of the Inner Hebrides
Authors: Reed T. M. , Currie A. , Love J. A.
Published: July 2012

Synopsis

The breeding and wintering birds of the Inner Hebrides are dealt with in this paper; seabirds and waterfowl have been described by Bourne and Harris (1979) and by Ogilvie and Atkinson-Willes (1983*). The bird populations of the Inner Hebrides are generally poorly documented, though Islay and the Small Isles are exceptions.

Taking the Hebrides as a whole, stepwise regression analysis indicates that the number of landbird species to have bred on islands is significantly related to the following factors: the number of island habitats, island area, distance from the mainland and distance from the nearest large island. Islands near the mainland and large islands will contain more species than isolated islands of similar ecology and size. Agricultural change and island depopulation have resulted in the decrease of many bird populations. Plantations have increased the number of breeding bird species. Birds are treated either by species or by group. Appendices include work on corncrakes, Canna seabirds and sea eagles.
Coleoptera in the Inner Hebrides
Authors: Welch R. Colin
Published: July 2012

Synopsis

Published studies on the Coleoptera of the Inner Hebrides from 1853–1981 are briefly reviewed and a full bibliography is provided. This is supplemented with data obtained from museum and private collections, unpublished manuscripts, etc., and the results of extensive surveys undertaken on eight of the islands during 1980 and 1981. Doubtful published records are discussed and records of 716 species are accepted. To these, 221 species have been added as new to the Inner Hebrides, together with numerous new island records. A comprehensive table lists the 937 species of Coleoptera and shows on which of the 15 largest, or best documented islands, they occur. Details of the limited known fauna for three of the remaining islands are also given. Our knowledge of the fauna of the Inner Hebrides remains very incomplete. Only 54% of the species recorded are known from the Outer Hebrides, whilst their faunal relationships with the Scottish mainland cannot be assessed until surveys of similar detail have been done on the west coast.
Intergroup Perception and Proactive Majority Integration Attitudes
Authors: Phelps Joshua M. , Ommundsen Reidar , Türken Salman , Ulleberg Pål
Published: July 2012

Few social psychological investigations have focused on the potential active role of the majority in integration. The present study examines the relationship between intergroup perception and majority attitudes toward the proactive integration of immigrant minorities in Norway. It assesses how and whether perceived entitativity of immigrants, endorsement of counterstereotypic portrayals of immigrants and metaperspectives along the appraisal dimensions of warmth/competence predict the integration attitudes of majority members in Norway as measured by the Majority Integration Efforts (MIE) scale. Correlational and multiple regression analysis yielded two strong (perceptions of positive immigrant integration intentions and perceived entitativity) and two moderate (perceptions of high immigrant competence in Norwegian society and metawarmth) predictors of these attitudes. Further analysis indicated that the main effect of perceived immigrant entitativity on MIE attitudes was partially mediated by perceptions of counterstereotypic intentions and competence. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. We conclude by highlighting how the perception of immigrants’ positive integration intentions and their heterogeneity as a group may best promote majority support for proactive integration efforts.
A Giant Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Submandibular Salivary Gland: A Case Report
Authors: Perumal Colin J. , Meyer Mark , Mohamed Ashraf
Published: July 2012

The most common benign salivary gland tumor is the pleomorphic adenoma (PA). They can attain grotesque proportions and weigh several kilograms. They can cause facial disfigurement and, if untreated, could lead to airway compromise. We report a case of a large PA arising from the left submandibular salivary gland in a 20-year-old black female. The lesion measured ∼16 × 15 ×12 cm.
A new aperture for neutron and x-ray imaging of inertial confinement fusion experiments
Authors: Danly C. R. , Grim G. P. , Guler N. , Intrator M. H. , Merrill F. E. , Volegov P. , Wilde C. H.
Published: July 2012

Recent neutron imaging of experiments at the National Ignition Facility has provided useful information about the hotspot shape and cold-fuel distribution and has also given insight into avenues for improvement. Neutron image reconstruction depends on accurate pointing information because the point-spread function of the neutron aperture is not shift invariant. Current pointing techniques are limited in their accuracy and rely upon detailed information about the as-built structure of the array, which is difficult to determine. We present a technique for extracting high-precision pointing information from both neutron and x-ray images, and a new aperture design with features to facilitate this technique, and allow future co-registration of neutron and x-ray images.
Validation of neutron emission profiles in MAST with a collimated neutron monitor
Authors: Sangaroon S. , Cecconello M. , Conroy S. , Weiszflog M. , Turnyanskiy M. , Wodniak I. , Ericsson G.
Published: July 2012

A neutron camera with liquid scintillator detectors is used in MAST to measure the neutron emissivity from D(d,n)3He reactions along collimated lines of sight. In this work, the measured recoil proton pulse height spectra generated in the detectors by the incident neutrons is modelled taking into account the energy spectrum of the generated neutrons, their spatial distribution and transport to the detectors as well as the detector's response function. The contribution of scattered neutrons to the pulse height spectrum is also modelled. Good agreement is found between the experimental data and the simulations. Examples are given showing the sensitivity of the recoil proton pulse height spectra to different observation angles with respect the neutral beam injection and the plasma rotation direction.
Dynamics of current induced magnetic superstructures in exchange-spring devices
Authors: Kadigrobov A. M. , Shekhter R. I. , Jonson M.
Published: July 2012

Thermoelectric manipulation of the magnetization of a magnetic layered stack in which a low-Curie temperature magnet is sandwiched between two strong magnets (exchange spring device) is considered. Controllable Joule heating produced by a current flowing in the plane of the magnetic stack (CIP configuration) induces a spatial magnetic and thermal structure along the current flow—a magnetothermal-electric domain (soliton). We show that such a structure can experience oscillatory in time dynamics if the magnetic stack is incorporated into an electric circuit in series with an inductor. The excitation of these magnetothermionic oscillations follow the scenario either of “soft” or “hard” instability: in the latter case oscillations arise if the initial perturbation is large enough. The frequency of the temporal oscillations is of the order of 105–107 s–1 for current densities j ∼ 106–107 A/cm2.
Direct evidence of the low-temperature cluster-glass magnetic state of Nd2/3Ca1/3MnO3 perovskite
Authors: Feher Alexander , Desnenko Vladimir , Fertman Elena , Dolya Sergiy , Kajňaková Marcela , Beznosov Anatoly
Published: July 2012

A giant exchange bias is detected in the colossal magnetoresistance of Nd2/3Ca1/3MnO3 perovskite at low temperatures and is evidence of intrinsic exchange coupling in this compound. These phenomena confirm our previous assumption that the low-temperature magnetic structure of this compound consists of small (nanosized) ferromagnetic clusters embedded in a charge-ordered antiferromagnetic matrix. The magnetic behavior of the perovskite Nd2/3Ca1/3MnO3 is consistent with a cluster-glass magnetic state and inconsistent with the classical spin-glass state observed in a variety of disordered magnetic systems. We think that the cluster-glass magnetic behavior of Nd2/3Ca1/3MnO3 originates in a self-organized phase-separated state of the compound. A Cole-Cole analysis of the dynamic susceptibility at low temperatures reveals an extremely broad distribution of relaxation times, indicating that spins are frozen on a “macroscopic” time scale. Slow relaxation of the zero-field-cooled magnetization is also observed experimentally. This slow relaxation confirms the cluster-glass magnetic state of the compound. Two highly different relaxation mechanisms have been found: the first is characteristic of temperatures below the freezing temperature Tg ∼ 60 K and the second, of higher temperatures.
Antiferromagnet-ferromagnet transitions in cobaltites
Authors: Troyanchuk I. O. , Bushinsky M. V. , Karpinsky D. V. , Sirenko V. A.
Published: July 2012

Three series of oxygen-deficient cobaltites, La0.5Ba0.5CoO3−δ, LnBaCo2O5.5 and Sr2YCo4O10.5, have been studied. La0.5Ba0.5CoO3 is an insulating ferromagnet whereas La0.5Ba0.5CoO2.75 is a pure antiferromagnet in which the oxygen vacancies are disordered. The ordering of the oxygen vacancies leads to the appearance of a ferromagnetic component, apparently because of the formation of a noncollinear magnetic structure. The antiferromagnet-“ferromagnet” transition is accompanied by a giant magnetoresistance. It is suggested that in the ferromagnetic oxidized compounds, the Co3+ and Co4+ ions adopt intermediate spin states, whereas in the antiferromagnetic (Co4+-free) compositions, the Co3+ ions have a high-spin state (CoO5 pyramids) with a dominant low-spin state (CoO6 octahedra). In both the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic compounds, superexchange via oxygen plays an essential role in determining the magnetic properties.
Ab initio molecular dynamics study of water at constant pressure using converged basis sets and empirical dispersion corrections
Authors: Ma Zhonghua , Zhang Yanli , Tuckerman Mark E.
Published: July 2012

It is generally believed that studies of liquid water using the generalized gradient approximation to density functional theory require dispersion corrections in order to obtain reasonably accurate structural and dynamical properties. Here, we report on an ab initio molecular dynamics study of water in the isothermal-isobaric ensemble using a converged discrete variable representation basis set and an empirical dispersion correction due to Grimme [J. Comp. Chem. 27, 1787 (2006)]10.1002/jcc.20495. At 300 K and an applied pressure of 1 bar, the density obtained without dispersion corrections is approximately 0.92 g/cm3 while that obtained with dispersion corrections is 1.07 g/cm3, indicating that the empirical dispersion correction overestimates the density by almost as much as it is underestimated without the correction for this converged basis. Radial distribution functions exhibit a loss of structure in the second solvation shell. Comparison of our results with other studies using the same empirical correction suggests the cause of the discrepancy: the Grimme dispersion correction is parameterized for use with a particular basis set; this parameterization is sensitive to this choice and, therefore, is not transferable to other basis sets.
Theoretical characterization of the BN and BP coronenes by IR, Raman, and UV-VIS spectra
Authors: de Abreu Leandro , López-Castillo Alejandro
Published: July 2012

Boron-nitrogen coronene (BNC) and boron-phosphorous coronene (BPC), not yet synthesized molecules and of possible interest for material science, are composed of six condensed rings of borazine and boraphosphabenzene molecules, respectively. They are similar to the carbon coronene molecule (CC). Moreover, CC and BNC are isoelectronic and the BPC is formally isoelectronic with respect to other coronenes, if only the valence electrons are considered. In this work, the BNC and BPC were theoretically characterized using IR, Raman, and UV-VIS spectroscopies. The coronenes studied have D6h and D3h symmetries for carbon and boron compounds, respectively. The calculated vibrational and electronic spectra for the CC are in good agreement with the experimental data, indicating that the calculations for BNC and BPC will be useful to identify these compounds, when synthesized. The main vibrational modes of the CC, BNC, and BPC are correlated. However, the BPC vibrational frequencies are substantially lower than the CC and BNC ones. The electronic ground state studies showed that the BPC has intermediate characteristics between the CC and BNC.
Time-dependent quantum transport: An efficient method based on Liouville-von-Neumann equation for single-electron density matrix
Authors: Xie Hang , Jiang Feng , Tian Heng , Zheng Xiao , Kwok Yanho , Chen Shuguang , Yam ChiYung , Yan YiJing , Chen Guanhua
Published: July 2012

Basing on our hierarchical equations of motion for time-dependent quantum transport [X. Zheng, G. H. Chen, Y. Mo, S. K. Koo, H. Tian, C. Y. Yam, and Y. J. Yan, J. Chem. Phys. 133, 114101 (2010)10.1063/1.3475566], we develop an efficient and accurate numerical algorithm to solve the Liouville-von-Neumann equation. We solve the real-time evolution of the reduced single-electron density matrix at the tight-binding level. Calculations are carried out to simulate the transient current through a linear chain of atoms, with each represented by a single orbital. The self-energy matrix is expanded in terms of multiple Lorentzian functions, and the Fermi distribution function is evaluated via the Padè spectrum decomposition. This Lorentzian-Padè decomposition scheme is employed to simulate the transient current. With sufficient Lorentzian functions used to fit the self-energy matrices, we show that the lead spectral function and the dynamics response can be treated accurately. Compared to the conventional master equation approaches, our method is much more efficient as the computational time scales cubically with the system size and linearly with the simulation time. As a result, the simulations of the transient currents through systems containing up to one hundred of atoms have been carried out. As density functional theory is also an effective one-particle theory, the Lorentzian-Padè decomposition scheme developed here can be generalized for first-principles simulation of realistic systems.
B142+: A magic number double-ring cluster
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Cheng Longjiu
Published: July 2012

B20 is a “magic number” cluster with double-ring structure. Surprisingly, we also find that B142+ is a “magic number” cluster with double-ring structure, which has the largest HOMO-LUMO gap (3.31 eV) and the highest aromaticity in double-ring clusters. This double-ring B142+ cluster is energetically lower than the quasi-planar one by even ∼1.2 eV using high level ab initio calculations. B142+ also has 40 valence electrons as in Al13− cluster. The reason leading to the unusual properties of B142+ may be the electronic shell closing as in Al13− cluster based on the jellium model, besides the double aromaticity in all double-ring clusters.
A modified nonlinear sub-grid scale model for large eddy simulation with application to rotating turbulent channel flows
Authors: Yang Z. X. , Cui G. X. , Zhang Z. S. , Xu C. X.
Published: July 2012

In this paper, a dynamic subgrid scale (SGS) stress model is proposed by modifying the existing quadratic nonlinear model. Unlike the conventional eddy viscosity models, the nonlinear model suggests an anisotropic tensorial polynomial relation between the SGS stress and the resolved strain rate tensor. Examined in the rotating turbulent channel flow, the previous nonlinear model is found unable to successfully predict the turbulent kinetic energy and the Reynolds shear stress. In the previous nonlinear model, an excessive backward energy transfer from the SGS to the resolved scale is found, so it is removed in the new model to provide sufficient SGS dissipation. The dynamic method is reconsidered, based on the analysis of the transport equation of the resolved Reynolds shear stress. The new dynamic nonlinear model is examined in the rotating turbulent channel flow at Re = 7000 and various rotation numbers (Ro), ranging from 0.0 to 0.6. The new dynamic procedure determines a more proper model coefficient for the nonlinear term, so the modified nonlinear model predicts superior results to the previous nonlinear models. The Vreman's approach of the eddy viscosity is implemented into the nonlinear model, to compare with the conventional dynamic Smagorinsky type nonlinear model in the rotating turbulent channel flow.
Monte Carlo simulation study of spin transport in multilayer graphene with Bernal stacking
Authors: Misra Soumya , Ghosh Bahniman , Nandal Vikas , Dubey Lalit
Published: July 2012

In this work, we model spin transport in multilayer graphene (MLG) stacks with Bernal (ABA) stacking using semi-classical Monte Carlo simulations and the results are compared to bi-layer graphene. Both the D’yakonov–Perel and Elliot–Yafet mechanisms for spin relaxation are considered for modeling purposes. Varying the number of layers alters the band structure of the MLG. We study the effect of the band structures in determining the spin relaxation lengths of the different multilayer graphene stacks. We observe that as the number of layers increases the spin relaxation length increases up to a maximum value for 16 layers and then stays the same irrespective of the number of layers. We explain this trend in terms of the changing band structures which affects the scattering rates of the spin carriers.
Revisited global drift fluid model for linear devices
Authors: Reiser Dirk
Published: July 2012

The problem of energy conserving global drift fluid simulations is revisited. It is found that for the case of cylindrical plasmas in a homogenous magnetic field, a straightforward reformulation is possible avoiding simplifications leading to energetic inconsistencies. The particular new feature is the rigorous treatment of the polarisation drift by a generalization of the vorticity equation. The resulting set of model equations contains previous formulations as limiting cases and is suitable for efficient numerical techniques. Examples of applications on studies of plasma blobs and its impact on plasma target interaction are presented. The numerical studies focus on the appearance of plasma blobs and intermittent transport and its consequences on the release of sputtered target materials in the plasma. Intermittent expulsion of particles in radial direction can be observed and it is found that although the neutrals released from the target show strong fluctuations in their propagation into the plasma column, the overall effect on time averaged profiles is negligible for the conditions considered. In addition, the numerical simulations are utilised to perform an a-posteriori assessment of the magnitude of energetic inconsistencies in previously used simplified models. It is found that certain popular approximations, in particular by the use of simplified vorticity equations, do not significantly affect energetics. However, popular model simplifications with respect to parallel advection are found to provide significant deterioration of the model consistency.
Modeling the chemical kinetics of atmospheric plasma for cell treatment in a liquid solution
Authors: Kim H. Y. , Lee H. W. , Kang S. K. , Wk. Lee H. , Kim G. C. , Lee J. K.
Published: July 2012

Low temperature atmospheric pressure plasmas have been known to be effective for living cell inactivation in a liquid solution but it is not clear yet which species are key factors for the cell treatment. Using a global model, we elucidate the processes through which pH level in the solution is changed from neutral to acidic after plasma exposure and key components with pH and air variation. First, pH level in a liquid solution is changed by He+ and He(21S) radicals. Second, O3 density decreases as pH level in the solution decreases and air concentration decreases. It can be a method of removing O3 that causes chest pain and damages lung tissue when the density is very high. H2O2, HO2, and NO radicals are found to be key factors for cell inactivation in the solution with pH and air variation.
Dispersion relations of externally and thermally excited dust lattice modes in 2D complex plasma crystals
Authors: Yang Xue-Feng , Liu Yue , Cui Jian , Zhang Yuan
Published: July 2012

The dispersion relations of the externally and thermally (naturally) excited dust lattice modes (both longitudinal and transverse) in two-dimensional Debye-Yukawa complex plasma crystals are investigated. The dispersion relations are calculated numerically by taking the neutral gas damping effects into account and the numerical results are in agreement with the experimental data given by Nunomura et al. [Phys. Rev. E 65, 066402 (2002)]. It is found that for the mode excited by an external disturbance with a real frequency, the dispersion properties are changed at a critical frequency near where the group velocity of the mode goes to zero. Therefore, the high frequency branch with negative dispersion cannot be reached. In contrast, for the thermally excited mode, the dispersion curve can extend all the way to the negative dispersion region, while a “cut-off” wave number exists at the long wavelength end of the dispersion in the transverse mode.