bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
[Retracted] Handgrip Strength‐Related Factors Affecting Health Outcomes in Young Adults: Association with Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Authors: Zhou Mingchao , Zha Fubing , Chen Yuan , Liu Fang , Zhou Jing , Long Jianjun , Luo Wei , Huang Meiling , Zhang Shaohua , Luo Donglan , Li Weihao , Wang Yulong
Published: April 2021

Objectives. Handgrip strength (HS) is a risk factor of all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular diseases. However, the influencing factors and mechanisms contributing to this correlation remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to explore factors related to HS and investigated the mechanism underlying its risk predictive value. Methods. This was a prospective, cross‐sectional study. One hundred forty‐five participants were recruited from December 2019 to November 2020. HS was measured using a hydraulic hand dynamometer and adjusted for body mass index (HSBMI) and body surface area (HSBSA). Body composition was assessed via bioimpedance spectroscopy. Physical fitness was measured using a cardiopulmonary exercise test system. Univariate, multiple linear regression analyses and receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) were conducted to evaluate the associations between various participant characteristics and HS. Results. The average participant age was 21.68 ± 2.61 years (42.8% were male). We found positive correlations between HSBMI/HSBSA and VO2max, VEmax, Loadmax, and METmax in both sexes (p < 0.05). Lean‐tissue, protein, total water, and inorganic salt percentages were positively correlated, and fat percentage was negatively correlated with HSBMI in men and with HSBMI and HSBSA in women (p < 0.05). Multiple regression revealed that VO2max was independently associated with HSBSA in both sexes (β = 0.215, 0.173; 95%confidence interval [CI] = 0.032 − 0.398, 0.026‐0.321; p = 0.022, 0.022, respectively) and independently associated with HSBMI in women (β = 0.016, 95%CI = 0.004 − 0.029, p = 0.011). ROC analysis showed that HSBMI and HSBSA can moderately identify normal VO2max in men (area under curve [AUC] = 0.754, 0.769; p = 0.002, 0.001, respectively) and marginally identify normal VO2max in women (AUC = 0.643, 0.635; p = 0.029, 0.042, respectively). Conclusions. BMI‐ and BSA‐adjusted HS could serve as indicators of physical health, and HSBSA may moderately reflect cardiorespiratory fitness levels in healthy young adults, particularly in males. Clinical trials registry site and number: China Clinical Trial Center (ChiCTR1900028228).
Effects of Herbicides on the Microbial Community and Urease Activity in the Rhizosphere Soil of Maize at Maturity Stage
Authors: Chen Jie , Yang Wenping , Li Jin , Anwar Sumera , Wang Kai , Yang Zhenping , Gao Zhiqiang
Published: April 2021

Studying the effects of herbicides on microbial community and urease activity in the rhizosphere soil of maize is helpful to clarify the mechanisms herbicides used to affect soil microbial environment. In this research, four common preemergence maize specific herbicides, nicosulfuron+atrazine (A1), alachlor+acetochlor+atrazine (A2), propisochlor+atrazine (A3), and acetochlor+atrazine (A4), were selected to use in a pot trial. A preemergence herbicide nonspecific for maize, dinitraniline (A0), was used as the positive control, whereas water instead of herbicide was considered as the negative control (CK). At the maturity stage, the microbial communities and urease activity in the 0‐20 cm, 20‐40 cm, and 40‐60 cm rhizosphere soils of maize were analyzed. Results showed that A0 dramatically suppressed maize growth, with no grain got finally, while A1 displayed the weakest effect. The tested herbicides affected the microbial community in the 0‐20 cm layer greater than in the 20‐60 cm ones, with A1 displaying the greatest effect. In the 0‐20 cm soil, A1 largely reduced the relative abundance of the top three dominant genera, Prevotella, Barnesiella, and Lactobacillus in the CK soil, by 99.0%, 98.7%, and 79.2%, and made Pseudomonas, Gemmatimonas, and Sphingomonas became the new dominant genera, while A2 and A3 displayed similar but slighter effects. All herbicides dramatically reduced the relative abundance of the top one dominant fungal phylum (Ascomycota) and genus (Diatrype) in the CK soil, from 45% to 5.2%‐7.9% and 42% to 2.1%‐3.2%. A0 dramatically dropped the urease activity in the 0‐60 cm soils, by 30.5%‐33.1%, whereas A1‐A4 displayed an unsignificant effect. In conclusion, A1 is a suitable herbicide for maize. Both the bacterial community and urease activity in the 0‐20 cm rhizosphere soil are suitable indices to evaluate the effects of preemergence herbicides on maize growth and soil microbial environment.
A Crack Identification Method for Concrete Structures Using Improved U-Net Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Qiao Wenting , Zhang Hongwei , Zhu Fei , Wu Qiande
Published: April 2021

The traditional method for detecting cracks in concrete bridges has the disadvantages of low accuracy and weak robustness. Combined with the crack digital image data obtained from bending test of reinforced concrete beams, a crack identification method for concrete structures based on improved U-net convolutional neural networks is proposed to improve the accuracy of crack identification in this article. Firstly, a bending test of concrete beams is conducted to collect crack images. Secondly, datasets of crack images are obtained using the data augmentation technology. Selected cracks are marked. Thirdly, based on the U-net neural networks, an improved inception module and an Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling module are added in the improved U-net model. Finally, the widths of cracks are identified using the concrete crack binary images obtained from the improved U-net model. The average precision of the test set of the proposed model is 11.7% higher than that of the U-net neural network segmentation model. The average relative error of the crack width of the proposed model is 13.2%, which is 18.6% less than that measured by using the ACTIS system. The results indicate that the proposed method is accurate, robust, and suitable for crack identification in concrete structures.
Dynamic Splitting Behavior and the Constitutive Relationship of Frozen Sandstone Containing a Single Fissure
Authors: Zhao Tao , Yang Gengshe , Wang Lei , Jia Hailiang , Qiao Yuzhe
Published: April 2021

Fractured sandstone is widely distributed in mining areas throughout western China where the artificial freezing method is extensively adopted to construct vertical shafts. Blasting and excavation generate stress waves and break frozen fractured sandstone. Among the failure modes of frozen fractured rocks, tensile failure is very common. In this study, the dynamic tensile strength of fractured sandstone samples with four crack inclination angles (0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°) is tested by using a split Hopkinson pressure bar at four subzero temperatures (−5, −10, −15, and −20°C). Accordingly, a damage constitutive relationship that considers the effect of fissure angle and freezing temperature is established. The results show the following: (1) the fissure angle does not significantly affect the dynamic tensile strength of frozen fractured sandstone but mainly affects the failure mode of the sample. (2) The dynamic tensile strength of fractured sandstone has a negative linear correlation with the freezing temperature. (3) When the fissure angle is small, only tensile cracking occurs; when the fissure angle is large, tensile cracking occurs along both the loading direction and the fissure; and shear cracking occurs along the fissure as well. (4) Regardless of the fissure angle, tensile cracking is initiated at the stress‐concentration zone and then propagates towards the loading end. Fissure ice provides both resistance to deformation and resistance to crack propagation which affects the crack propagation and coalescence mode. A dynamic constitutive relationship is established by considering the effects of fissure angle and freezing temperature on the dynamic properties of frozen fractured sandstone, which is proven to be highly reliable and provides a reference and basis to study the dynamic mechanical properties of similar rock types.
Mathematical Modelling and Analysis of Corruption of Morals amongst Adolescents with Control Measures in Kenya
Authors: Mokaya Nathan Oigo , Alemmeh Haileyesus Tessema , Ngari Cyrus Gitonga , Muthuri Grace Gakii
Published: April 2021

In the present paper, we formulate a new mathematical model for the dynamics of moral corruption with comprehensive age-appropriate sexual information and provision of guidance and counselling. The population is subdivided into three (3) different compartments according to their level of information on sexual matters. The model is proved to be both epidemiologically and mathematically well posed. The existence of unique morally corrupt-free and endemic equilibrium points is investigated. The basic reproduction number with respect to morally corrupt-free equilibrium is obtained using next generation matrix approach to monitor the dynamics of corrupt morals and ascertain its level in order to suggest effective intervention strategies to control this problem. The local as well as global asymptotic stability of these equilibrium points is studied. The analysis reveals a globally asymptotically stable morally corrupt-free equilibrium wheneverℛ0≤1and a globally asymptotically stable endemic equilibrium if otherwise. Further analysis, using center manifold theory, shows that the model exhibits forward bifurcation insinuating that the classical epidemiological requirement ofℛ0≤1is necessary and sufficient for elimination of moral corruption. A brief discussion on the graphical results using the available numerical procedures is shown. From numerical simulations, it was ascertain that integrated control strategy is the best approach to fight against moral corruption transmission. Lastly, some key parameters that show significance in the moral corruption elimination from the society are also exploited.
The Multiple
K
-Riemann Integral
Authors: Kabbouch Oussama , Najmeddine Mustapha
Published: April 2021

The aim of this paper is to extend the notion of

K

-Riemann integrability of functions defined over

a
,
b

to functions defined over a rectangular box of

ℝ

n

. As a generalization of step functions, we introduce a notion of

K

-step functions which allows us to give an equivalent definition of the

K

-Riemann integrable functions.
Mechanistic Rationale and Clinical Efficacy of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Chronic Neuropathic Pain: An Evidence-Based Narrative Review
Authors: Schiavo Simone , DeBacker Julian , Djaiani Carine , Bhatia Anuj , Englesakis Marina , Katznelson Rita
Published: April 2021

Background. Chronic neuropathic pain is a condition affecting an increasing proportion of the general population and its management requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary program. A growing body of evidence supports the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in several chronic neuropathic pain conditions; however, its role and efficacy remain unclear. Purpose. To summarize current evidence for the mechanistic rationale of HBOT in chronic neuropathic pain conditions and to evaluate its clinical efficacy. Methods. This narrative review was conducted after searching the following databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane, PsycINFO, the Web of Science, Scopus, ClinicalTrials. gov, WHO ICTRP, and ProQuest Digital Dissertation) from January 1946 to March 2020. Articles published in English that involved either animal or human studies with acute or chronic neuropathic pain evaluating any HBOT-related intervention were included. Results. A total of 2971 citations were identified. A total of 29 studies were included in this review. The mechanisms of action for HBOT use in neuropathic conditions included the primary effects of hyperoxia and edema resolution, as well as the secondary effects pertinent to the production of oxygen and nitrogen reactive species (serving as pain signaling molecules), nitric oxide-dependent release of opioid peptides, and reduction of inflammatory mediators. A robust evidence for HBOT use in the clinical setting was associated with chronic regional pain syndrome and chronic primary bladder pain syndrome. Some evidence supported its use for chronic secondary (peripheral) neuropathic pain including radiation-induced plexus neuropathies, postherpetic neuralgia, and trigeminal neuralgia. Conclusions. HBOT has been shown to have antinociceptive and analgesic effects in animal models of inflammatory, neuropathic, and chronic pain. Human studies demonstrated beneficial effects of HBOT in improving clinical outcomes such as pain scores, pain-related symptoms, and quality of life. A systematic methodology of HBOT application is necessary to confirm its safety and efficacy.
Design and Cosimulation of Twelve-Pole Heteropolar Radial Hybrid Magnetic Bearing
Authors: Zhong Zhixian , Duan Yijian , Cai Zhonghou , Yanying Qi
Published: April 2021

This paper presents a twelve-pole heteropolar radial hybrid magnetic bearing (HRHMB) structure. Firstly, the structure and equivalent magnetic circuit (EMC) are designed. And the radial electromagnetic force characteristics are calculated by the EMC model. At the same time, the rationality of EMC model is verified by the finite-element method (FEM) of Magnet software. Then, the 2-D model of the twelve-pole HRHMB is established in Magnet software. The flux density variations of twelve-pole HRHMB and eight-pole HRHMB under different currents are compared by using the FEM. Finally, a method of Magnet-Simulink cosimulation is proposed to analyze the suspension characteristics of the twelve-pole HRHMB and compared with the eight-pole HRHMB. Thus, the effective combination of theoretical analysis, FEM analysis, and Magnet-Simulink cosimulation analysis is realized in the design of HRHMB. The results of Magnet-Simulink cosimulation show that the twelve-pole HRHMB has the advantages of low power consumption, small coupling, large construction dynamic stiffness, and better suspension characteristics than the eight-pole HRHMB.
[Retracted] Sculpture 3D Modeling Method Based on Image Sequence
Authors: Liu Xiaofei
Published: April 2021

This thesis first introduces the basic principles of model‐based image sequence coding technology, then discusses in detail the specific steps in various implementation algorithms, and proposes a basic feature point calibration required in three‐dimensional motion and structure estimation. This is a simple and effective solution. Aiming at the monocular video image sequence obtained by only one camera, this paper introduces the 3D model of the sculpture building into the pose tracking framework to provide initial depth information. The whole posture tracking framework can be divided into three parts, namely, the construction of the initial sculpture model, the posture tracking between frames, and the robustness processing during continuous tracking. In order to reduce the complexity of calculation, this paper proposes a new three‐dimensional mesh model and a moving image restoration algorithm based on this model. At the same time, the influence of the intensity and direction factors in the scene is added, the simulation results are given, and the next step is discussed. The optimization work that needs to be done.
[Retracted] The Accurate Repair of Image Contour of Human Motion Tracking Based on Improved Snake Model
Authors: Feng Ning , Gao Ping
Published: April 2021

With the rapid development of sports science, human motion recognition technology, as a new biometric recognition technology, has many advantages, such as noncontact target, long recognition distance, secret recognition process, and so on. Traditional human motion recognition technology is affected by environmental factors such as motion background, which is prone to rough edges of the recognized objects and loss of motion tracking information, thus further reducing the recognition accuracy. In this paper, the traditional snake model will be improved and optimized to improve the defect of human motion model contour extraction, so as to realize the accurate repair of image contour; in terms of algorithm running time, this paper innovatively improves the construction process of the snake model, further improves the running time of model evaluation, and solves the concave contour problem of corresponding moving objects in the snake model. In order to solve the problem of accurate convergence, this paper improves the snake model of the average moving algorithm and sets the corresponding weight coefficient to distinguish the corresponding moving target background, so as to achieve the convergence of the differential concave contour. In order to verify the superiority of the improved optimized snake model, experiments are carried out in the corresponding database. The experimental results show that the contour of the moving object extracted by the improved snake model algorithm is complete and the segmentation effect is obvious. At the same time, the running speed of the whole algorithm has been significantly improved.
TSC2 Interacts with HDLBP/Vigilin and Regulates Stress Granule Formation
Authors: Kosmas Kosmas , Filippakis Harilaos , Khabibullin Damir , Turkiewicz Michal , Lam Hilaire C. , Yu Jane , Kedersha Nancy L. , Anderson Paul J. , Henske Elizabeth P.
Published: April 2021

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is caused by mutations of either the TSC1 or TSC2 tumor suppressor gene. TSC causes tumors of the brain, heart, kidney, skin and lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). Here we report that the TSC2 protein physically binds to high-density lipoprotein binding protein (HDLBP), also called vigilin, a core stress granule (SG) protein, and that TSC2 localizes to SGs. SGs contain mRNAs and translation initiation complexes, and regulate gene expression by sequestering specific transcripts, thereby serving a cytoprotective role. TSC2 has never before been shown to localize to SGs and knocking down vigilin impacts SG translocation of TSC2. TSC2-deficient cells showed a striking increase in the number of SGs after thermal shock and arsenite treatment relative to Tsc2-expressing cells. Our findings also show that murine kidney lysates from a model of TSC have increased levels of SG components including G3BP1 and Caprin1. G3BP1 and Caprin are elevated in renal angiomyolipomas (a renal tumor common in patients with TSC) compared with control normal kidney. G3BP1 is also elevated in TSC-associated subependymal giant cell astrocytomas. We found that genetic inhibition of G3BP1 inhibits the proliferation of TSC2-deficient cells in vitro. Finally, in a mouse model of TSC, genetic inhibition of SGs suppresses cell growth, suggesting that targeting SGs may have efficacy in the therapy of TSC.

Implications:

This study demonstrates that TSC2 physically interacts with HDLBP/vigilin, a component of SGs, that TSC2 localizes to SG and that TSC2-deficient cells have more SGs, suggesting that SGs represent a novel therapeutic target in TSC.
Does Physical Activity Improve Cognition and Academic Performance in Children? A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Ferreira Vorkapic Camila , Alves Heloisa , Araujo Larissa , Joaquim Borba-Pinheiro Claudio , Coelho Renato , Fonseca Eugenio , Oliveira Ana , Dantas Estelio H.M.
Published: April 2021

Introduction: In the last decades, different studies have investigated the effects of exercise or physical activity (PA) on cognitive functions and academic performance in children and adolescents. But given the inconsistencies regarding methodologies and the fact that many studies do not have controlled or randomized designs, a more recent review is needed in order to summarize the different outcomes and methodologies employed and correlate them from an applied perspective. Objectives: The purpose of the present review is to systematically review and analyze the effects of acute and chronic PA interventions exclusively from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on cognitive functions and academic performance of children and adolescents. Methods: A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases for all RCTs published between January 2014 and July 2020. Authors searched these databases using controlled vocabularies, keywords, and Boolean logic, and data were later extracted from the studies. Effect sizes were calculated based on means and SDs at posttest using Hedge’s g formula. Results: A total of 20 studies met the inclusion criteria. They were assessed for eligibility and later included in the review. Although most of the articles did not show any robust effect size and had significant methodological differences, 80% of the studies analyzed showed positive results, indicating a significant impact of exercise or PA on cognition. Discussion: Due to the heterogeneity in the design of the interventions and the variables analyzed, most of the studies showed small or medium effect sizes. Studies with big effect size in all variables had in common the fact that they involved team game variations and coordination activities. The combination of physical exertion (high intensity) and cognitive engagement with social interactions seems to have the strongest effect on executive functions. This ecological and attractive model reflects children’s typical PA and might represent an ideal model for exercise in this population. Conclusions: Although grouping different studies based on PA type, control groups, and comparison treatments is a limitation and results should be interpreted with caution, this review suggests that PA interventions, in particular, team game variations and coordination activities, have positive effects on children’s cognitive functions.
Prophylactic Treatment in Hereditary Angioedema Is Associated with Reduced Anxiety in Patients in Leipzig, Germany
Authors: Zarnowski Julia , Rabe Marie , Kage Paula , Simon Jan-Christoph , Treudler Regina
Published: April 2021

Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is associated with relevant disease-related burden. We aimed at investigating prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with HAE in Leipzig, Germany. Methods: Questionnaire-based evaluation of medical history, Angioedema Control Test (AECT), Angioedema Quality of Life Questionnaire (AE-QoL), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: Thirty-seven patients with HAE were included (31 females, mean age 49.6 ± 17.5 years). A mean diagnostic delay between first symptoms and correct diagnosis of 14.2 ± 14.5 years was detected. Patients aged <50 years (n = 18) had been diagnosed significantly earlier with HAE than older patients (p = <0.001). In 6 patients (16.2%), unnecessary medical interventions were performed and 14 patients (43.8%) reported at least 1 HAE-related death of a family member. Psychological stress was the most common triggering factor (96.2%). HADS scores revealed depression in 5/37 patients (13.5%) and anxiety in 16/37 (43.2%), GAD-7 score indicated anxiety in 9/36 (25%) participants. Patients receiving long-term prophylactic treatment (n = 17, 45.9%) showed significantly better disease control (AECT; p = <0.001) and quality of life (AE-QoL; p = <0.001) compared to those with on-demand treatment only. Patients with long-term prophylactic treatment showed significantly lower scores for anxiety and depression at GAD-7 (p = 0.011) and HADS (anxiety: p = 0.021; depression: p = 0.008). In 5 patients, treatment regime was changed as AECT score indicated insufficient disease control. Subsequently, we measured significant improvement of quality of life (AE-QoL, p = 0.04) and disease control (AECT; p = 0.032). Conclusion: Anxiety was a frequent burden in our study group and showed a significant association with low disease control. Our data indicate that prophylactic HAE treatment can improve psychosocial burden of HAE.
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning and Chronic Kidney Disease Risk: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study
Authors: Wei Kuang-Yu , Liao Chen-Yi , Chung Chi-Hsiang , Lin Fu-Huang , Tsao Chang-Huei , Sun Chien-An , Lu Kuo-Cheng , Chien Wu-Chien , Wu Chia-Chao
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Patients with carbon monoxide poisoning (COP) commonly have long-term morbidities. However, it is not known whether patients with COP exhibit an increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and whether hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) alters this risk. Methods: This study identified 8,618 patients who survived COP and 34,464 propensity score-matched non-COP patients from 2000 to 2013 in a nationwide administrative registry. The primary outcome was the development of CKD. The association between COP and the risk of developing CKD was estimated using a Cox proportional hazards regression model; the cumulated incidence of CKD among patients stratified by HBOT was evaluated using a Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results: After adjusting for covariates, the risk of CKD was 6.15-fold higher in COP patients than in non-COP controls. Based on the subgroup analyses, regardless of demographic characteristics, environmental factors, and comorbidities, the COP cohort exhibited an increased risk of developing CKD compared with the controls. The cumulative incidence of CKD in COP patients did not differ between the HBOT and non-HBOT groups (p = 0.188). Conclusions: COP might be an independent risk factor for developing CKD. Thus, clinicians should enhance the postdischarge follow-up of kidney function among COP patients.
Topical 15% Resorcinol Is Associated with High Treatment Satisfaction in Patients with Mild to Moderate Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Docampo-Simón Alexandre , Beltrá-Picó Iván , Sánchez-Pujol María José , Fuster-Ruiz-de-Apodaca Rosa , Selva-Otaolaurruchi Juan , Betlloch Isabel , Pascual José Carlos
Published: April 2021

Background: Topical 15% resorcinol is commonly used in clinical practice for the treatment of nodules and abscesses in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). It has been shown to be clinically effective in some small studies, but data on satisfaction perceived by patients are lacking. The Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM) version 1.4 is a validated measure of patient satisfaction, evaluating four domains: effectiveness, side effects, convenience, and global satisfaction. Our objective was to obtain data from HS patients regarding resorcinol treatment satisfaction and its relationship with clinical and epidemiological variables. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study providing TSQM version 1.4 questionnaires to HS patients who had been prescribed topical resorcinol during the previous 24 months. Results: Ninety-two patients answered the questionnaire. Eighty-five out of 92 (92.4%) were Hurley II and 7 Hurley I. The mean total score was 317.5 out of 400 (71.0 points in effectiveness, 93.6 in side effects, 79.3 in convenience, and 73.2 in global satisfaction). Total score was higher in men than in women (329.7 vs. 311.6, p = 0.026) and higher scores on convenience were seen in patients who were not overweight or obese (86.9 vs. 77.1, p = 0.016). Most patients (65, 70.6%) denied having any side effect. 78 (84.8%) of the patients would recommend the treatment. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that HS patients treated with resorcinol 15% are very satisfied with this treatment.
Age and Frailty as Key Determinants for Nutritional Therapy Individualization in Elderly Adults with Diabetes
Authors: Pafili Zoe
Published: April 2021

The increasing prevalence of older adults with diabetes has become a major social burden. Diabetes, frailty, and cognitive dysfunction are closely related to the mechanisms of aging. Insulin resistance, arteriosclerosis, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction may be common mechanisms shared by frailty and cognitive impairment. Hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, obesity, vascular factors, physical inactivity, and malnutrition are important risk factors for cognitive impairment and frailty in older adults with diabetes. The impact of nutrients on health outcomes varies with age; thus, shifting diet therapy strategies from the treatment of obesity/metabolic syndrome to frailty prevention may be necessary in patients with diabetes who are over 75 years of age, have frailty or sarcopenia, and experience malnutrition. For the prevention of frailty, optimal energy intake, sufficient protein and vitamin intake, and healthy dietary patterns should be recommended. The treatment of diabetes after middle age should include the awareness of proper glycemic control aimed at extending healthy life expectancy with proper nutrition, exercise, and social connectivity. Nutritional therapy in combination with exercise, optimal glycemic and metabolic control, and social participation/support for frailty prevention can extend healthy life expectancy and maintain quality of life in older adults with diabetes mellitus.
Fertility Preservation for Prepubertal Patients at Risk of Infertility: Present Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Pampanini Valentina , Hassan Jasmin , Oliver Elizabeth , Stukenborg Jan-Bernd , Damdimopoulou Pauliina , Jahnukainen Kirsi
Published: April 2021

The increasing cure rate of cancer has led to a vast population of survivors having to face the late adverse effects of oncological treatments, with fertility impairment being one of the most sensitive issues for patients. Different options to preserve the fertility of adult patients are routinely used in clinical practice. However, fertility preservation strategies for prepubertal patients at risk of infertility are limited to the cryopreservation of immature gonadal tissue. In recent decades, many research efforts have been focused on the future use of cryopreserved gonadal tissue. This review discusses the common status of fertility preservation measures for pediatric patients undergoing gonadotoxic treatment, focusing especially on the challenges that remain to be solved in order to implement this fundamental service.
Utilization of Interdisciplinary Tumor Boards for Sarcoma Care in Germany: Results from the PROSa Study
Authors: Eichler Martin , Andreou Dimosthenis , Golcher Henriette , Hentschel Leopold , Richter Stephan , Hohenberger Peter , Kasper Bernd , Pink Daniel , Jakob Jens , Ashmawy Hany , Hettmer Simone , Tuchscherer Armin , Grube Matthias , Heidt Vitali , Jentsch Christina , Pablik Jessica , Wardelmann Eva , Kreitner Karl-Friedrich , Kneser Ulrich , Tonus Carolin , Wimberger Pauline , Schoffer Olaf , Reichardt Peter , Wartenberg Markus , Eberlein-Gonska Maria , Bornhäuser Martin , Schmitt Jochen , Schuler Markus K.
Published: April 2021

Background: Data on institutional structures of sarcoma care in Germany are scarce. The utilization of an interdisciplinary tumor board (IDTB) is an essential part of modern cancer care. We investigated to which extent and when IDTB are used in sarcoma care. We hypothesized that IDTB before treatment initiation were used more often at certified cancer centers and at high-volume centers and that IDTB utilization increased over time. Methods: From 2017 to 2020 we conducted a prospective cohort study, undertaking major efforts to include the whole spectrum of sarcoma treatment facilities. To analyze potential predictors of IDTB utilization, we calculated multivariable logistic regressions. Results: Patients and survivors (n = 1,309) from 39 study centers (22 tertiary referral hospitals, 9 other hospitals, and 8 office-based practices) participated; 88.3% of the patients were discussed at some stage of their disease in an IDTB (56.1% before treatment, 78% after therapy, and 85.9% in metastatic disease). Hypotheses were confirmed regarding the utilization of IDTB in certified cancer centers (vs. all others: OR = 5.39; 95% CI 3.28–8.85) and the time of diagnosis (2018/2019 vs. until 2013: OR = 4.95; 95% CI 2.67–9.21). Conclusion:Our study adds to the evidence regarding the institutional structures of sarcoma care in Germany. Utilization of a tumor board before therapy seems to be in an implementation process that is making progress but is far from complete. Certification is a possible tool to accelerate this development.
In vivo Noninvasive Imaging and Quantitative Analysis of Iris Vessels
Authors: Xue Wenwen , Lin Senlin , Chen Xia , Jia Yanwen , Fang Xiaoling , Suo Yan , Ma Yingyan , Wang Yulan , Zou Haidong
Published: April 2021

Objective: To quantify the iris vessels and its circadian rhythm in normal eyes. Methods: Fifteen healthy subjects were enrolled in this retrospective, cross-sectional study. All subjects underwent optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) examinations, in which 3/15 completed ICGA and OCTA at the same visit. Upon visit, consecutive OCTA scans were then obtained at the time points of the hour 3:00, 6:00, 8:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00, 16:00, 18:00, 20:00, 22:00, and 24:00, respectively. Vessel area density (VAD) and vessel skeleton density (VSD) were used to quantitatively describe the OCTA images of the iris vessels. Results: The VAD and VSD of the iris vessels had circadian rhythm with the highest values observed at about 18:00 h and lowest at 0:00 h; the overall values were relatively stable within the 24 h. The contour analysis suggested that the iris VAD and VSD were correlated with the changes in blood pressure and inversely correlated with the changes in the intraocular pressure. Conclusions: OCTA can be used accurately for quantitative analysis of the iris vessels.
Integration of geophysical and geomechanical data to understand the depletion of the Marlim field, Campos Basin
Authors: Torres Larissa Furtado , Barroso Emílio Velloso
Published: April 2021

Located in the Campos Basin, Brazil, the Marlim field, consists of two turbidite systems deposited during eustatic sea-level variations in the Oligocene/Miocene. The reservoir was discovered in 1985, and its production started to decline in 2002. One of the techniques selected to assist in the recovery of oil from the reservoir was the 4D seismic. However, its interpretation can be complex. In order to help address this issue, the present study proposed an analysis of the depletion of a small field area from 1997 to 2010, combining geophysical (4D seismic) and geomechanical (pore pressure) data through the construction of pore pressure 3D models for both years, which can be subtracted and compared to seismic anomalies. The results obtained were: an average depletion of 0.42 ppg (50.33 kg/m3) of pore pressure gradient in the field; the identification of potential fluid-flow barriers, such as an NW-SE-oriented channel and sealing faults; and the detection of two areas with an expressive presence of 4D seismic anomalies, one of them showing a quite evident difference between pore pressure gradients, suggesting field depletion. The use of very old and noisy seismic data hindered the application of this methodology. Nevertheless, this research demonstrated the relevance of estimating pore pressure in the reservoir and how this geomechanical parameter can be useful in assessing the level of field depletion.
Cardiovascular Biomarkers and Heart Failure Risk in Stable Patients With Atherothrombotic Disease: A Nested Biomarker Study From TRA 2°P‐TIMI 50
Authors: Berg David D. , Freedman Benjamin L. , Bonaca Marc P. , Jarolim Petr , Scirica Benjamin M. , Goodrich Erica L. , Sabatine Marc S. , Morrow David A.
Published: April 2021

Background

Patients with stable atherothrombotic disease vary in their risk of developing heart failure (HF). Circulating cardiovascular biomarkers may improve HF risk assessment and identify patients who may benefit from emerging HF preventive therapies.

Methods and Results

We measured high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I and BNP (B‐type natriuretic peptide) in 15 833 patients with prior myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or peripheral artery disease from the TRA 2°P‐TIMI 50 (Thrombin Receptor Antagonist in Secondary Prevention of Atherothrombotic Ischemic Events‐Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 50) trial, excluding patients with recent myocardial infarction (<30 days). Biomarkers were categorized using a priori cut points. Hospitalization for HF (HHF) end points were adjudicated with blinded structured review of serious adverse events. Associations between biomarkers and HHF outcomes were adjusted for sex and independent clinical risk predictors of HHF in our cohort (age ≥75, prior HF, type 2 diabetes mellitus, polyvascular disease, body mass index, anemia, chronic kidney disease, hypertension). Baseline high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I and BNP each identified a significant graded risk of HHF independent of clinical risk predictors, including in the subgroups of patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus and with and without prior HF. Patients with both high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I ≥5 ng/L and BNP ≥100 pg/mL had the highest HHF event rates. When added to a multivariable Cox regression model with clinical risk predictors (C‐index 0.88; 95% CI, 0.85–0.90), BNP (C ‐index 0.92; 95% CI, 0.90–0.93), and high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I (C‐index 0.90; 95% CI, 0.88–0.92) each significantly improved the prognostic performance of the model (both
P
LRT
<0.001).

Conclusions

Biomarkers of myocardial injury and hemodynamic stress are independent predictors of HHF risk in patients with stable atherothrombotic disease, with and without prior HF and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00526474.
Classification of Autism Spectrum Disorder From EEG-Based Functional Brain Connectivity Analysis
Authors: Alotaibi Noura , Maharatna Koushik
Published: April 2021

Autism is a psychiatric condition that is typically diagnosed with behavioral assessment methods. Recent years have seen a rise in the number of children with autism. Since this could have serious health and socioeconomic consequences, it is imperative to investigate how to develop strategies for an early diagnosis that might pave the way to an adequate intervention. In this study, the phase-based functional brain connectivity derived from electroencephalogram (EEG) in a machine learning framework was used to classify the children with autism and typical children in an experimentally obtained data set of 12 autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 12 typical children. Specifically, the functional brain connectivity networks have quantitatively been characterized by graph-theoretic parameters computed from three proposed approaches based on a standard phase-locking value, which were used as the features in a machine learning environment. Our study was successfully classified between two groups with approximately 95.8% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, and 92% specificity through the trial-averaged phase-locking value (PLV) approach and cubic support vector machine (SVM). This work has also shown that significant changes in functional brain connectivity in ASD children have been revealed at theta band using the aggregated graph-theoretic features. Therefore, the findings from this study offer insight into the potential use of functional brain connectivity as a tool for classifying ASD children.
University Innovation and Local Economic Growth
Authors: Hausman Naomi
Published: April 2021

This paper identifies the extent to which knowledge from U.S. universities drives industry agglomeration. Establishment-level data indicate faster growth in employment, wages, and corporate innovation after the 1980 Bayh-Dole Act's shock to the spread of innovation from universities in industries more closely related to the nearby university's innovative strengths. Federal research funding amplified the effect. University knowledge spillovers strengthen with geographic proximity, density, and local skills. Consistent with spatial equilibrium models, the growth effect is driven by nearby entry in university-linked industries, especially of multiunit expansions; these firms disproportionately partner with universities in R&D, transfer IP, and innovate.
Endogenous Time Variation in Vector Autoregressions
Authors: Leiva-León Danilo , Uzeda Luis
Published: April 2021

We introduce a new class of time-varying parameter vector autoregressions (TVP-VARs) where the identified structural innovations are allowed to influence the dynamics of the coefficients in these models. An estimation algorithm and a parameterization conducive to model comparison are also provided. We apply our framework to the U.S. economy. Scenario analysis suggests that once accounting for the influence of structural shocks on the autoregressive coefficients, the effects of monetary policy on economic activity are larger and more persistent than in an otherwise standard TVP-VAR. Our results also indicate that cost-push shocks play a prominent role in understanding historical changes in inflation-gap persistence.
Philosophies of Touch: from Aristotle to Phenomenology
Authors: Kearney Richard
Published: April 2021

This essay explores Aristotle’s discovery of touch as the most universal and philosophical of the senses. It analyses his central insight in the De Anima that tactile flesh is a “medium not an organ,” unpacking both its metaphysical and ethical implications. The essay concludes with a discussion of how contemporary phenomenology—from Husserl to Merleau-Ponty and Irigaray—re-describes Aristotle’s seminal intuition regarding the model of “double reversible sensation.”
A hidden Megasoma Kirby species under the enigmatic genus Gibboryctes Endrödi (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)
Authors: COSTA LEIDIANE O. , DUARTE PAULO R. M. , IANNUZZI LUCIANA , GROSSI PASCHOAL C.
Published: April 2021

Gibboryctes Endrödi, 1974 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Oryctini) is an uncommon Neotropical genus comprising five valid species (Gasca-Álvarez & Ratcliffe 2011; Dupuis 2019). Endrödi (1974) established the genus based on Gibboryctes szelenyii Endrödi, 1974 and defined it by the absence of sexual dimorphism; short, triangular, and pointed clypeus; bidentate mandibles projected beyond the anterior clypeal margin; and protibiae quadridentate. After that, Gibboryctes waldenfelsi (Endrödi, 1977) and Gibboryctes gracilicornis (Prell, 1912) were assigned to Gibboryctes, from Strategus Kirby, 1828 and Heterogomphus Burmeister, 1847, respectively (Ratcliffe & Dechambre 1983; Dupuis & Dechambre 2008). Gibboryctes bollei Dechambre, 2006 and Gibboryctes impunctatus Dupuis, 2019 were subsequently described.
ZnO/ZnS Core/Shell Nanostructures on Biologically Inspired Gold Wires for Uric Acid Sensing
Authors: Das Trishna Moni , Shamim Hoque Shehenaz , Kalita Dipjyoti , Borah Sankar Moni , Baruah Sunandan
Published: April 2021

In this work, microwires of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were grown using the fungusAspergillus nigeras a biological template. Au NPs were synthesized through the reduction of chloroauric acid using monosodium glutamate (MSG) in an aqueous media. The MSG here, served as a nutritional trigger behind the self-organization of Au NPs onAspergillus nigerapart from being the reducing as well as stabilizing agent. The fungal hyphae coated with gold nanoparticles were spread over the glass slide. The ZnO/ZnS core/shell nanostructures were deposited in a 2 mm gap of gold microwires’ spread. Uric acid sensing behavior of these ZnO/ZnS core/shell nanostructures were studied using the gold microwires as electrode.
Comparative Analysis of Laboratory Diagnosis of Leptospirosis
Authors: Parwez Khalid , Bhagwath Arun A. , Kannan Sapna , Tarique Mohammed , Zawed Asif , Alruways Mashael W. , Budihal Suman V. , Ray Animikh
Published: April 2021

Leptospirosis is a febrile illness caused by the Leptospira, which is a highly motile, spirochete threadlike thin rod bacteria having a hook-like structure on both ends. This causes nearly 58990 deaths worldwide every year. They are most commonly found in rodents and can be transferred by cuts and abrasions in the body, mucous membranes or conjunctivae, or aerosol inhalation of microscopic droplets. Entry in the body lead to entry in blood circulation, different organs will be targeted. This review article explains current methodologies for the detection of Leptospira and the need for an early diagnostic tool. Leptospirosis can be treated if diagnosed in the early stage of infection. This review article consists of current methodologies used for the detection of Leptospira, the advantages and disadvantages of the methods used. Moreover, the need for an early diagnostic tool for the exposure of Leptospirosis in the acute phase is given importance. Even though the gold standard method MAT is used for confirmatory, culture preservation and other things are hectic, laborious. Currently, the molecular techniques used for the early detection of Leptospira needs experienced personnel and sophisticated instrument for the performance which is quite challenging to be found in the rural or undeveloped places. The need for sciences to come together is mentioned, where the innovative collaboration of physical sciences like Nanotechnology meets Microbiology which will lead to the innovation of some highly specific tools for the detection of diseases. The review article contains the useful methodology for the cultivation and detection by the conventional method, which will bring out innovation by modifications or by generating ideas that can be used for the diagnosis.
Dynamics of Gap-leaping Western Boundary Currents with Throughflow Forcing
Authors: McMahon Charles W. , Kuehl Joseph J. , Sheremet Vitalii A.
Published: April 2021

The dynamics of gap-leaping western boundary currents (e.g. the Kuroshio intrusion, the Loop Current) are explored through rotating table experiments and a numerical model designed to replicate the experimental apparatus. Simplified experimental and numerical models of gap-leaping systems are known to exhibit two dominant states (leaping or penetrating into the gap) as the inertia of the current competes with vorticity constraints (in this case the β-effect). These systems are also known to admit multiple states with hysteresis. To advance towards more realistic oceanographic scenarios, recent studies have explored the effects of islands, mesoscale eddies, and variable baroclinic deformation radii on the dynamical system. Here, the effect of throughflow forcing is considered, with particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) used in the lab experiments. Mean transport in or out of the gap is found to significantly shift the hysteresis range as well as change its width. Because of these transformations, changes in throughflow can induce transitions in the gap-leaping system when near a critical state (leaping-to-penetrating/ penetrating-to-leaping). Results from the study are interpreted within a nonlinear dynamical framework and various properties of the system are explored.
Gracilis Flap Reconstruction After Proctocolectomy for Malignancy and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: DeLozier Olivia M. , Stiles Zachary E. , Shibata David , Deneve Jeremiah L. , Monroe Justin , Dickson Paxton V. , Mathew Alex , Chandler Robert G. , Behrman Stephen W.
Published: April 2021

Background

Gracilis flap reconstruction (GFR) following abdominoperineal resection (APR) or proctocolectomy (PC) can reduce pelvic wound complications but has not been adequately assessed in the setting of immunosuppression, fistulous disease, and neoadjuvant chemoradiation.

Methods

Patients undergoing APR/PC with GFR were retrospectively analyzed with regard to perioperative characteristics, and morbidity was assessed.

Results

Patients underwent GFR for rectal cancer ( n = 28), anal cancer ( n = 3), inflammatory bowel disease ( n = 13), or benign fistulizing disease ( n = 1). 22.2% were chronically immunosuppressed, and 66.7% underwent preoperative chemoradiation. Twenty (44.4%) patients had minor wound complications, all treated nonoperatively. Nine patients had major complications with 4 patients requiring reoperation. The 4 threatened flaps were unilateral, and all were salvaged. Donor site morbidity was minimal. Patients with major complications were older (56 vs. 71 years, P = .030), and less likely to have pelvic drains ( P = .018).

Conclusion

In high-risk perineal wounds, GFR offers durable reconstruction with acceptably low morbidity.