bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
José Luis Moreno Pestaña, Retorno a Atenas. La democracia como principio antioligárquico, Madrid, Siglo XXI, 2019, 286 pp. [ISBN: 978-84-323-1964-8].
Authors: Terceiro Sanmartín Nerea
Published: May 2020

Reseña del libro de José Luis Moreno Pestaña, Retorno a Atenas. La democracia como principio antioligárquico, Madrid, Siglo XXI, 2019, 286 pp. [ISBN: 978-84-323-1964-8].
Sabino Perea Yébenes, El ejército romano en Egipto, Madrid, Dilema, 2020, 344 pp. [ISBN: 978-84-9827-479-0].
Authors: Soria Molina David
Published: May 2020

Reseña del libro de Sabino Perea Yébenes, El ejército romano en Egipto, Madrid, Dilema, 2020, 344 pp. [ISBN: 978-84-9827-479-0].
Mª de los Santos Mozas Moreno, Martín de Ximena Jurado: Manuscrito 1180 de la Biblioteca Nacional de España. Arqueología en Jaén en el siglo XVII: monedas y antigüedades (=Artes y Humanidades. Estudios humanísticos 1), Jaén, Editorial Universidad de Jaén,
Authors: Hernando Sobrino María del Rosario
Published: May 2020

Reseña del libro de Mª de los Santos Mozas Moreno, Martín de Ximena Jurado: Manuscrito 1180 de la Biblioteca Nacional de España. Arqueología en Jaén en el siglo XVII: monedas y antigüedades (=Artes y Humanidades. Estudios humanísticos 1), Jaén, Editorial Universidad de Jaén, 2018, 536 pp. + 229 figs. [ISBN: 978-84-9159-111-5].
The Examination of the Contest Performance Results of the Gymnasts Modern Dance Education Which is Applied to the Rhythmic Gymnasts in the Category of Junior
Authors: Koca Melis , Bağış Yunus Emre
Published: May 2020

The purpose of the study is to investigate if there is a difference between the performance results of the gymnasts receiving and not receiving modern dance education, which is applied to the rhythmic gymnasts in the category of junior.  The experimental group included 10 rhythmic gymnasts competing in the category of junior in Antalyaspor Club with a mean age of 8.50 ±1, a mean height of 1.16±0.4, and a mean weight of 22.7±3.3. The Control Group consisted of 10 rhythmic gymnasts competing in the category of junior in Antalyaspor Club with a mean age of 8.10±1.2, mean height of 1.19±0.3, and with a mean weight of 21.8±2.4. Before the study, the gymnasts and their parents were informed about the aim, title and content of the study, and they were also asked for permission. The participants in this study consisted of 20 licensed rhythmic gymnasts competing in the category of junior in Antalyaspor Club. The gymnasts were divided into two groups: Experimental Group and Control Group. All of the modern dance education applied to 10 gymnasts in the Experimental Group was given in Rhythmic Gym Gymnastics School in Antalya city center. The modern dance education was regularly given by a professional choreograph an hour twice a week, in a total of 10 weeks, 20 days and 20 hours. The arithmetic average and the descriptive statistics of all the data found as a result of the measurements were calculated, and the statistical analysis of the data was made using Independent T-Test in SPSS, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered to be significant. According to the findings, it has been found that modern dance education has a positive effect on the contest results. To sum up, it has been concluded that there is a statistically positive and significant correlation between the success of rhythmic gymnasts receiving and not receiving modern dance education. It has been proved that the performance success of the rhythmic gymnasts receiving modern dance education has been increasing. Thus, including modern dance education in rhythmic gymnastics training is thought to affect the gymnasts’ success positively.
Is it Worth Flipping? The Impact of Flipped Classroom on EFL Students’ Grammar
Authors: Al-Naabi Ishaq Salim
Published: May 2020

In light of contemporary pedagogical methods, the flipped classroom has been recognised as an effective pedagogy in English as a Foreign Language (EFL). This study employed a quasi-experimental one-group research design to investigate the impact of flipped learning on Omani EFL learners’ grammar and to examine students’ perceptions on the flipped classroom. An intact group of students (n=28) enrolled at the foundation programme in Arab Open University-Oman was randomly selected. Seven videos on English grammar were developed and shared with the students prior to the class. A varaiety of activities were conducted in the class following task-based language teaching. Students met for 8 lessons over the period of 8 weeks. Pre-test, post-test and semi-structured interviews were used in the study. The findings indicated that flipped learning had a positive impact on students’ understanding and usage of English grammar. Students’ perceptions on the flipped approach were positive. The study also provided pedagogical insights for the flipped classroom and recommendations for future research. 
Learning Difficulties in German as a Third Language Experienced by Turkish Undergraduate Students
Authors: Tanir Ahmet
Published: May 2020

The current study aims to investigate learning difficulties in L3 German experienced by the Turkish undergraduate students. The target group involved 29 students from three academic programs at a state university in Turkey: Travel Management and Tourist Guiding, Tourism and Hotel Management and Aviation Management. In the study, semi-structured interview form was designed by the researcher as data collection tool. In the analysis process of the data, the thematic analysis procedure was conducted. The results of the study indicated that the Turkish undergraduate students had learning difficulties in L3 German due to three main factors such as linguistic facts, effective factors and external factors. The linguistic facts involve the learning difficulties related to the linguistic characteristics of German language, linguistic habitus (effect of L2 English) and the effect of L1. In the context of effective factors, it was discussed that the lack of motivation, negative attitudes towards German language, the level of readiness for learning L3 German and the lack of self-confidence lead the students to experience negative learning process in L3 German. Finally, socio-cultural developments and the financial matters emerging in the learning environment were considered as external factors that lead the students to have difficulties in learning L3 German.
Recent Advance in Anaerobic Co-digestion Technology: A Review
Authors: Rajaonison Andriamahefasoa , Andriatsitohaina Rabesahala Ives Abel Fetra , Rakotondramiarana Hery Tiana
Published: May 2020

Due to their polluting characteristics, fossil fuels presently tend to be replaced by renewable energy resources. Anaerobic digestion is a recent technology for producing biofuels. As a biochemical method to produce biogas, it is more environmentally friendly than other processes and is almost non-polluting. The anaerobic co-digestion is an upgrade of the mono-digestion since some limitations of the single-substrate degradation were solved by digesting two or more substrates. The present review gives an overview of the progress made in the anaerobic co-digestion technology. Appearing as a complex technology, lots of factors can affect its operation. Those factors include the choice and the composition of the substrates, the ratio between the substrates and the inoculum, the pretreatment, the environmental conditions, the operational parameters, and the post-treatment at the end of the process. Analytical and empirical tools for the assessment of the whole system in terms of biodegradability and synergy of the substrates, the efficiency of the process, and the identification of the operation inhibitors are also presented in this paper.
Influências do conceito e das tecnologias da indústria 4.0 no ambiente industrial
Authors: Da Silva Vander Luiz , Kovaleski João Luiz , Pagani Regina Negri
Published: May 2020

O Cenário Industrial 4.0 está configurado como Quarta Revolução Industrial, consistindo na produção inteligente a partir de integrações digitais com processos físicos, denominadas de Sistemas Cibernéticos Físicos (SCFs), entre outras tecnologias e procedimentos. Este estudo teve como objetivo explorar as perspectivas tecnológicas da Indústria 4.0 para o ambiente industrial. Para a realização deste estudo, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura, utilizando protocolos estruturados e critérios de filtragem de artigos. Entre o total de 93 artigos, obteve-se um número de 34 artigos para análises. Os artigos mais relevantes foram analisados por meio de leituras e coleta de informações. A fim de tornar a Indústria 4.0 uma realidade, foi constatada uma série de mudanças tecnológicas e de gestão para indústrias de manufatura. Pesquisas com o objetivo de subsidiar o desenvolvimento de novos estudos da Indústria 4.0, como estudos exploratórios e/ou aplicados com foco na gestão tecnológica e industrial, são importantes para o enriquecimento do assunto.
Predição da gestão organizacional e do perfil inovador das empresas de pequeno porte: análise à luz de cadeias de markov.
Authors: Da Silva Auristela Maria , Cavalcanti André Marques
Published: May 2020

Neste artigo apresentar-se-á um modelo probabilístico que contribui para o estudo da dinâmica do comportamento das MPE com relação ao seu perfil inovador e organizacional em longo prazo. O modelo utilizado corresponde a uma Cadeia de Markov em tempo discreto, que ao definir os níveis de maturidade (estados) das empresas e a obtenção das probabilidades de transição em um passo correspondentes entre níveis, permite descrever e prever os estados futuros dessas organizações. Os diferentes estados utilizados são baseados no grau de desenvolvimento organizacional (GO) e o grau de inovação (GI) de 60 empresas, obtidos a partir do Projeto Agentes Locais de Inovação do Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas [SEBRAE] (2015). A amostra é igualmente distribuída em três grupos de 20 empresas dos setores da indústria de alimentos, móveis e confecções do estado de Pernambuco. Mostrou-se que em longo prazo, dado que não haja nenhuma ação do gestor da empresa para melhorar o estado da mesma e/ou um evento externo, as empresas, em sua maioria, apresentam um perfil de inovadoras ocasionais.
Aplicação da ferramenta de Análise de Ciclo de Vida (ACV) no processo de tratamento de efluentes em uma lavanderia de beneficiamento de jeans
Authors: Duarte Armando Dias , Silva Gilson Lima da
Published: May 2020

A temática de sustentabilidade na indústria têxtil ganha cada vez mais força, através da adoção de práticas e ferramentas de gestão ambiental como a Análise de Ciclo de Vida (ACV) que permitam minimizar os impactos ambientais negativos e otimizar processos produtivos em busca de estratégias sustentáveis. O presente estudo teve como objetivo a aplicação da ferramenta de ACV na Estação de Tratamento de Efluentes (ETE) em uma Lavanderia de Beneficiamento de Jeans (LBJ) e comparar os danos ambientais e sociais relacionadas ao tratamento do Efluente Industrial (EI) gerado após o beneficiamento das peças. Foi verificado que o uso de produtos químicos inorgânicos, apresentam os principais poluentes nas categorias do estudo, com impactos acima de 90%. A energia elétrica apresentou impactos significativos, o que sugere a adoção de alternativas como a dosagem manual ou redução do tempo de funcionamento dos equipamentos.
Integração interna para a Integração da Cadeia de Suprimentos: um estudo multicaso
Authors: Siqueira Andréia De Abreu , Alcântara Rosane Lúcia Chicarelli
Published: May 2020

Este artigo tem como propósito investigar a integração interna para a execução das atividades e processos de negócio da Gestão da Cadeia de Suprimentos e os efeitos gerados na Integração da Cadeia de Suprimentos. Esse enfoque de pesquisa se justifica pelo fato do crescente reconhecimento do papel da integração interna para a efetivação da Integração da Cadeia de Suprimentos. Além da revisão da literatura, realizou-se uma investigação empírica em seis empresas nacionais representativas nos seus setores de atuação. Os dados coletados foram analisados e codificados com o uso da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados apontaram que, de fato, a integração interna exerce um papel crucial para a efetivação dos princípios e práticas de GCS, cujos efeitos geram benefícios e melhorias tanto internamente às empresas como na integração externa com os demais elos das cadeias de suprimentos nas quais atuam. Há, portanto, uma melhoria nas ações de Integração da Cadeia de Suprimentos.
Avaliação dos parâmetros do processo de usinagem química com NaOH em tubos quadrados de alumínio
Authors: Moura Cassiano Rodrigues , Scaburi Arthur Gabriel
Published: May 2020

O processo de usinagem química consiste na remoção de material de áreas específicas, através da corrosão do substrato por uma forte reação química através de uma substância reagente, em condições controladas. É um dos mais importantes processos não convencionais de usinagem, com o qual é possível realizar a usinagem de geometrias complexas, com dimensões reduzidas ou ainda reduzir o peso de determinadas peças. Diante disso o objetivo deste trabalho é a avaliação do processo de usinagem química com NaOH em tubo quadrado de alumínio através da variação de seus parâmetros.  Para isso, o alumínio foi usinado com a variação dos seguintes parâmetros: concentração do reagente, temperatura da reação e tempo de reação. A caracterização dos corpos de prova foi realizada através da microscopia óptica e análise da taxa de remoção de onde podem-se observar quais as melhores condições para se realizar o processo de usinagem química.
Confrontando a visão clássica da ação empreendedora: a lógica effectuation como forma de lidar com incertezas
Authors: Barros Bruno Rossener , Sigahi Tiago Fonseca Albuquerque Cavalcanti , Saltorato Patrícia
Published: May 2020

O effectuation é uma das teorias mais citadas na literatura de empreendedorismo. Contudo, diversos autores têm apontado a necessidade de realização de estudos empíricos que validem tal abordagem. Visando atender essa lacuna, analisou-se a ação empreendedora nos processos de identificação, avaliação e exploração da oportunidade de negócio de uma startup com base nos conceitos do effectuation. O método utilizado foi o estudo de caso, apoiado por entrevistas, observação direta e análise documental. Constatou-se o alinhamento entre a ação empreendedora dos fundadores da empresa e os pilares do effectuation (perdas toleráveis, alianças estratégicas, exploração das contingências e controle de um futuro imprevisível). Esse trabalho possui implicações para a literatura, ao fornecer um caso empírico que contribui para a validação do effectuation; e implicações práticas, ao possibilitar aos atores do ecossistema de inovação um maior entendimento sobre as ações dos empreendedores para lidar com incertezas.
Real estate cadastral system and cadastral tax system – legal and organisational conditions
Authors: Chojna - Duch Elżbieta
Published: May 2020

Proposals to introduce a cadastral tax ("municipal tax") into the Polish tax system have a long
history. The solutions that are currently proposed in the literature have a political subtext
and do not contain any substantive proposals for normative solutions, contrary to the model of
the proposed draft laws package in the mid-nineties. Poland is a unitary state and it does not
seem that there will be a need for a radical change of the state system. Local government units
in Poland have a constitutionally guaranteed and protected wide scope of independence
This study presents and critically evaluates these contemporary proposals, at the same time
points out the precondition for the change of the real estate tax regime – the need to finish
the construction of the real estate cadastre system – the Integrated Real Estate Information
System, which allows for the appraising of real estates and basing their value on it, and not only
for tax purposes. Indeed, this system is a necessary but difficult prerequisite for the continuation
of future real estate taxation reforms and would also serve the needs of many other
public authorities by enabling communication between the existing public registers (including
the CEIDG and the KRS).
The introduction of a cadastral tax alone, the tax basis for which would be an updated
and credible real estate value, also requires a number of new economic, sociological, functional
as well as social and political studies to be carried out beforehand on the tax matters, in particular
when taking into account the increase in the tax burdens and the relevant legal analyses
of the proposed models of system solutions.
Legal status of tenants of reprivatized real properties in Warsaw
Authors: Zaradkiewicz Kamil
Published: May 2020

The article presents key issues regarding the status of the tenants of premises in real properties
subject to the so-called court reprivatization based on the provisions of the decree of October
26, 1945 on ownership and use of land in the capital city of Warsaw. Municipal tenants
are the group most affected by reprivatization. The jurisprudence of administrative courts
most commonly presents the thesis that a former owner or his/her legal successors regaining
the ownership of a building become parties to rental agreements which were
concluded in the post-war period by the commune of the Capital City of Warsaw.
This thesis is presented on the basis of Article 678 § 1 of the Civil Code, according to which
in the event of the sale of a subject of rental, the buyer enters into the rights and obligations
of the lessor in the place of the seller. Meanwhile, in the case of the real properties subject
to reprivatization under the administrative procedure, a former owner or his/her successor
in the event of failure to recognize the application for perpetual usufruct of a real property
or in the event of the annulment of a decision to refuse to grant it has never lost ownership
of the building. This denotes that municipal tenants previously were and currently
are a party to agreements with the city, which, however, in practice, due to the restoration
of power to the former right holders or their successors, cannot meet the provision
of providing premises to a tenant. As a consequence, a given agreement neither
passes to a person regaining the ownership of a building nor expires with the reprivatization
of a real property. However, in practice, it cannot be effectively carried out, since
the municipality of Warsaw, in the event of the return of a building to a former owner or his/
her successors, no longer has the property, and thus cannot legally effectively make it available
to tenants. This, in turn, may result in the establishment of the liability of the city for damages towards
the tenants. Due to the significant impact on the legal status of tenants, contrary to the previous
jurisprudence of administrative courts, they should be considered as parties to reprivatization
proceedings.
Annulment of the decision by the Warsaw’s Real Estate Reprivatisation Commission
Authors: Wąsowski Krzysztof
Published: May 2020

In the scope of verification of administrative decisions relating to the implementation of the effect of the nationalization of Warsaw real estate after World War II, Polish legislative introduced a number of instruments of a procedural inscribing into the traditional catalogue of extraordinary modes of verification of administrative decisions. One of such instruments was the annulment of the administrative decision introduced into a specific arsenal of legal means available to the Warsaw’s Real Estate Commission. Annulment of the decision by the Warsaw’s Real Estate Reprivatisation Commission is the extraordinary verification issue like special administrative decision described in art. 156 of the Code of Administrative Procedure.
The principle of treating expropriation as an ultima ratio measure in light of the amendment to the real property administration act of 4 April 2019, imposing a time limitation on restitution rights
Authors: Pawłowski Sławomir
Published: May 2020

The act of 4 April 2019 on the amendment of the real property administration act, which
amends the r.p.a.a. in the field of restitution of expropriated property, among others, was
essentially adopted to perform two decisions of the Constitution Tribunal (SK 39/15 and SK
26/14), which viewed certain heretofore solutions with criticism. The amendment act, which
in addition to amending the unconstitutional provisions, also introduced institutions previously
unknown to Polish expropriation legislation - the final date of submitting a request for restitution
of an expropriate real property (art. 136(7)). The paper presents a thesis that an expropriated
real property constitutes a „fixed-purpose” property, which means it may not be used for any
other purpose than that specified in the expropriation decision or contract. Failure to complete
this purpose, including its abandonment, means in fact that an unauthorised expansion of public
resources occurred when utilising the realm of imperium.
MUSEUM DIVERSITY THROUGH THE LENS OF THE KYOTO DEFINITION
Authors: Mairesse François
Published: May 2020

The author analyses the logic underlying the ICOM museum definition process and the sense of continuity among the different definitions, since its creation in 1946. The new definition proposed in Kyoto in 2019 (during the ICOM General Conference, 1–7 September) created a risk of breaking within this continuity and the museum community. The definition process is here put in parallel with the notion of mission statement, associated with strategic management, and the value system linked to a resolutely activist vision of the museum, integrating such topics as gender, postcolonialism, sustainable development or human rights.
Von Italien lernen: Soziale Landwirtschaft
Authors: Elsen Susanne
Published: May 2020

» Soziale Landwirtschaft« - das ist ein breites Spektrum pädagogischer, präventiver, integrativer, resozialisierender und therapeutischer Maßnahmen zugunsten verschiedener Zielgruppen des Sozial- Bildungs- und Gesundheitswesens im Kontext der Landwirtschaft. Der Ansatz öffnet Potentiale zugunsten von Nutzenden, Anbietenden und Gemeinwesen sowie für die Innovation der Bildungs-, Sozial- und Gesundheitssysteme. Er bietet auch Anknüpfungspunkte für die Stärkung der biologischen Landwirtschaft, der landwirtschaftlichen Biosystemleistungen und der öko-sozialen Entwicklung ländlicher Räume.
Transformationen in wertebasierten Organisationen. Balance zwischen Bewahren und Verändern
Authors: Freund Susanne , Kals Elisabeth
Published: May 2020

Freiwilliges Engagement ist die Basis vieler (Non­Profit­)Organisationen. Es zeichnet sich neben seiner Freiwilligkeit und nichtmonetären Ausrichtung insbesondere dadurch aus, dass es zumeist stark an ideellen, wertebasierten Zielen orientiert ist. Der Beitrag geht im Rahmen zweier empirischer Studien der Frage nach, inwieweit diese Charakteristika auch bei organisationalen Veränderungen zum Tragen kommen. Es zeigt sich, dass für den Widerstand freiwillig Engagierter gegen Reformen weniger praktische Umsetzungshindernisse ausschlaggebend sind, sondern eine mangelnde Passung von organisationalen Werten und Veränderungsmaßnahmen. Diese Ergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund diskutiert, dass gerade die Wertebezogenheit eine zentrale Stärke von Freiwilligenorganisationen darstellt. Daraus werden Implikationen v. a. für die Praxis von Transformationsprozessen in NPOs und anderen wertebasierten Organisationen abgeleitet.
Aristotle and the Future
Authors: Blum Alex ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: May 2020

We intend to show that Aristotle’s contention that future tense contingent statements are neither true nor false leads to inconsistency.
Characterizing Moral Realism
Authors: Edeh Jude ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: May 2020

The challenge faced with the proliferation of various kinds of cognitivism is the difficulty of providing a straightforward characterization of moral realism and antirealism. In light of this tension, I identified a problem in Sayre-McCord's way of specifying the criteria of moral realism. Furthermore, I provided a framework that characterized the moral realism beyond the features of cognitivism. Finally, I argue that any successful characterization of moral realism must capture its ontology robustly in order to separate it from other realist-like positions that espouse the idea of truth-value and objectivity.
The Performative Practices in Politics
Authors: Shevchuk Dmytro , Karpovets Maksym ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: May 2020

Performance theory is one of the methods that can explain dynamic and unpredictable social phenomena. The basics of our research are to be found in the artistic practices that destroyed previous classical patterns in art, while overcoming its boundaries. Accordingly, performance as a practical phenomenon has become the basis for a theoretical explanation of different political processes with carnival nature that influence and change social reality. This article proves that the Maidan in Kiev had a performative nature as well, which developped spontaneously due to its active involvement of the human body and the release of unconscious elements. It is claimed that the use of performative practices inside the Maidan allowed to overcome the totalitarian vertical logic of power, realizing democratic ideals and overcoming nihilism. Therefore, we suggest that performative theory can be applied to similar carnival political, social, and cultural phenomena, revealing their procedural and creative substance.
Trusting Records in the Cloud.
Authors: Livingston Tamara E.
Published: May 2020

Trusting Records in the Cloud represents the results of the latest phase of InterPARES (International Research on Permanent Authentic Records in Electronic Systems), an international research project established in 1998 to investigate preserving the evidential value of records in electronic record systems. The project has generated numerous case studies from across the globe under international teams representing North and Latin America, Europe, Asia, Australasia, Africa, and NATO. InterPARES Trust (hereafter, ITrust) focuses on digital records shared and stored in the cloud, defined as infrastructures and services distributed across a network, such as the internet.
Editor’s Note (this is to you)
Authors: Saunders Richard
Published: May 2020

The journal approaches something of a milestone with this issue. The current iteration of ACRL’s professional journal of special collections librarianship practice began publication as Rare Books and Manuscripts Librarianship in 1986. When I was in library school a few years later, the only access points to content in the field was the library’s local card catalogue and the Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA) index. For those of you competent, working professionals young enough to be my children, research was a matter of looking through print volumes—print, mind you—of annual issue after annual issue for citations appearing under index terms, then pulling the bound volumes from the shelves on another floor. The current title RBM: A Journal of Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Cultural Heritage was adopted upon acquiring and moving to a digital platform in 2000. Since that time, all ACRL journal content has been available digitally, creating a backfile of material accessible for the asking. In 2014 ALA enacted a platform migration to OJS (Open Journal System) software. RBM content also moved to the OJS platform.
Of country and country: Twang and trauma in Australian Indigenous popular music
Authors: Philpott Simon
Published: May 2020

Over the last half century, as part of a wider struggle for recognition, respect, reconciliation and justice, Indigenous Australians and others supporting their claims have increasingly been heard in popular music. Indigenous musicians are increasingly insistent that white Australia must change.
Formación profesional y género: desigualdades que persisten, algunos cambios y debates pendientes
Authors: Merino Pareja Rafael
Published: May 2020

Texto de presentación del monográfico Formación Profesional y Género
Conformational distributions of isolated myosin motor domains encode their mechanochemical properties
Authors: Porter Justin R , Meller Artur , Zimmerman Maxwell I , Greenberg Michael J , Bowman Gregory R
Published: May 2020

Myosin motor domains perform an extraordinary diversity of biological functions despite sharing a common mechanochemical cycle. Motors are adapted to their function, in part, by tuning the thermodynamics and kinetics of steps in this cycle. However, it remains unclear how sequence encodes these differences, since biochemically distinct motors often have nearly indistinguishable crystal structures. We hypothesized that sequences produce distinct biochemical phenotypes by modulating the relative probabilities of an ensemble of conformations primed for different functional roles. To test this hypothesis, we modeled the distribution of conformations for 12 myosin motor domains by building Markov state models (MSMs) from an unprecedented two milliseconds of all-atom, explicit-solvent molecular dynamics simulations. Comparing motors reveals shifts in the balance between nucleotide-favorable and nucleotide-unfavorable P-loop conformations that predict experimentally measured duty ratios and ADP release rates better than sequence or individual structures. This result demonstrates the power of an ensemble perspective for interrogating sequence-function relationships.
Hippocampal and cortical mechanisms at retrieval explain variability in episodic remembering in older adults
Authors: Trelle Alexandra N , Carr Valerie A , Guerin Scott A , Thieu Monica K , Jayakumar Manasi , Guo Wanjia , Nadiadwala Ayesha , Corso Nicole K , Hunt Madison P , Litovsky Celia P , Tanner Natalie J , Deutsch Gayle K , Bernstein Jeffrey D , Harrison Marc B , Khazenzon Anna M , Jiang Jiefeng , Sha Sharon J , Fredericks Carolyn A , Rutt Brian K , Mormino Elizabeth C , Kerchner Geoffrey A , Wagner Anthony D
Published: May 2020

Age-related episodic memory decline is characterized by striking heterogeneity across individuals. Hippocampal pattern completion is a fundamental process supporting episodic memory. Yet, the degree to which this mechanism is impaired with age, and contributes to variability in episodic memory, remains unclear. We combine univariate and multivariate analyses of fMRI data from a large cohort of cognitively normal older adults (N=100) to measure hippocampal activity and cortical reinstatement during retrieval of trial-unique associations. Trial-wise analyses revealed that (a) hippocampal activity scaled with reinstatement strength, (b) cortical reinstatement partially mediated the relationship between hippocampal activity and associative retrieval, (c) older age weakened cortical reinstatement and its relationship to memory behaviour. Moreover, individual differences in the strength of hippocampal activity and cortical reinstatement explained unique variance in performance across multiple assays of episodic memory. These results indicate that fMRI indices of hippocampal pattern completion explain within- and across-individual memory variability in older adults.
Genomic and phenotypic evolution of Escherichia coli in a novel citrate-only resource environment
Authors: Blount Zachary D , Maddamsetti Rohan , Grant Nkrumah A , Ahmed Sumaya T , Jagdish Tanush , Baxter Jessica A , Sommerfeld Brooke A , Tillman Alice , Moore Jeremy , Slonczewski Joan L , Barrick Jeffrey E , Lenski Richard E
Published: May 2020

Evolutionary innovations allow populations to colonize new ecological niches. We previously reported that aerobic growth on citrate (Cit+) evolved in an Escherichia coli population during adaptation to a minimal glucose medium containing citrate (DM25). Cit+ variants can also grow in citrate-only medium (DM0), a novel environment for E. coli. To study adaptation to this niche, we founded two sets of Cit+ populations and evolved them for 2500 generations in DM0 or DM25. The evolved lineages acquired numerous parallel mutations, many mediated by transposable elements. Several also evolved amplifications of regions containing the maeA gene. Unexpectedly, some evolved populations and clones show apparent declines in fitness. We also found evidence of substantial cell death in Cit+ clones. Our results thus demonstrate rapid trait refinement and adaptation to the new citrate niche, while also suggesting a recalcitrant mismatch between E. coli physiology and growth on citrate.
Distinct interactions of eIF4A and eIF4E with RNA helicase Ded1 stimulate translation in vivo
Authors: Gulay Suna , Gupta Neha , Lorsch Jon R , Hinnebusch Alan G
Published: May 2020

Yeast DEAD-box helicase Ded1 stimulates translation initiation, particularly of mRNAs with structured 5'UTRs. Interactions of the Ded1 N-terminal domain (NTD) with eIF4A, and Ded1-CTD with eIF4G, subunits of eIF4F, enhance Ded1 unwinding activity and stimulation of preinitiation complex (PIC) assembly in vitro. However, the importance of these interactions, and of Ded1-eIF4E association, in vivo were poorly understood. We identified separate amino acid clusters in the Ded1-NTD required for binding to eIF4A or eIF4E in vitro. Disrupting each cluster selectively impairs native Ded1 association with eIF4A or eIF4E, and reduces cell growth, polysome assembly, and translation of reporter mRNAs with structured 5'UTRs. It also impairs Ded1 stimulation of PIC assembly on a structured mRNA in vitro. Ablating Ded1 interactions with eIF4A/eIF4E unveiled a requirement for the Ded1-CTD for robust initiation. Thus, Ded1 function in vivo is stimulated by independent interactions of its NTD with eIF4E and eIF4A, and its CTD with eIF4G.
Evaluation of leaf rust resistance in the Chinese wheat cultivar ‘Een1’
Authors: Zhang Na , Zhao Lina , Mawcha Kahsay Tadesse , Zhao Chenguang , Yang Wenxiang , Liu Daqun
Published: May 2020

Wheat cultivar Een1, 34 near isogenic lines (NILs), and two cultivars were used as plant materials to evaluate the resistance of Een1 to leaf rust disease. Infection type identification and gene postulation were carried out by inoculation of 12 Chinese Puccinia triticina (Pt) pathotypes. Based on the unique phenotype of Een1, we speculated that Een1 might carry Lr gene(s) different from the tested ones. The chromosomal locations for resistance gene to leaf rust disease was employed using SSR primers mapping the populations derived from the cross between Een1 and susceptible Thatcher. A total of 285 plants in the F2 population were tested by inoculating Pt pathotype FHNQ during the seedling stage. Results from the segregation analysis fits a ratio of 3:1 (${\chi }_{3:1}^{2}=2.37$, P = 0.12), indicating the presence of a single dominant gene in Een1 conferring resistance to FHNQ. A total of 1,255 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers were first used to identify the likely linked markers based on bulk segregation analysis (BSA), and then those likely linked markers were further genotyped in the F2 population for linkage analysis. Our linkage analysis found that the resistance gene (LrE1) was distal to seven SSR loci on the long arm of chromosome 7B, with distances from 2.6 cM (Xgwm344) to 27.1 cM (Xgwm131). The closest marker Xgwm344 was further verified with F3 lines.
Meiofaunal communities and nematode diversity characterizing the Secca delle Fumose shallow vent area (Gulf of Naples, Italy)
Authors: Baldrighi Elisa , Zeppilli Daniela , Appolloni Luca , Donnarumma Luigia , Chianese Elena , Russo Giovanni Fulvio , Sandulli Roberto
Published: May 2020

Hydrothermal venting is rather prevalent in many marine areas around the world, and marine shallow vents are relatively abundant in the Mediterranean Sea, especially around Italy. However, investigations focusing on the characterization of meiofaunal organisms inhabiting shallow vent sediments are still scant compared to that on macrofauna. In the present study, we investigated the meiobenthic assemblages and nematode diversity inhabiting the Secca delle Fumose (SdF), a shallow water vent area located in the Gulf of Naples (Italy). In this area, characterized by a rapid change in the environmental conditions on a relative small spatial scale (i.e., 100 m), we selected four sampling sites: one diffusive emission site (H); one geyser site (G) and two inactive sites (CN, CS). Total meiofauna abundance did not vary significantly between active and inactive sites and between surface and deeper sediment layers due to a high inter-replicate variability, suggesting a pronounced spatial-scale patchiness in distribution of meiofauna. Nematofauna at site H presented the typical features of deep-sea vents with low structural and functional diversity, high biomass and dominance of few genera (i.e., Oncholaimus; Daptonema) while from site G we reported diversity values comparable to that of the inactive sites. We hypothesized that site G presented a condition of “intermediate disturbance” that could maintain a high nematode diversity. Environmental features such as sediment temperature, pH, total organic carbon and interstitial waters ions were found to be key factors influencing patterns of meiofauna and nematofauna assemblages at SdF. Even though the general theory is that nematodes inhabiting shallow vent areas include a subset of species that live in background sediments, this was not the case for SdF vent area. Due to a marked change in nematode composition between all sites and to the presence of many exclusive species, every single investigated site was characterized by a distinct nematofauna reflecting the high spatial heterogeneity of SdF.
Mountain goat survival and mortality during a period of increased puma abundance in the Black Hills, South Dakota
Authors: Lehman Chadwick P. , Rominger Eric M. , Neiles Brady Y.
Published: May 2020

We investigated survival and cause-specific mortality for a mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus) population during a period when the puma (Puma concolor) population was growing in the Black Hills, South Dakota, 2006–2018. We obtained survival data from 47 adult goats (n = 33 females,n = 14 males). Annual survival varied from 0.538 (95% CI [0.285–0.773]) to 1.00 (95% CI [1.00–1.00]) and puma predation was the primary cause-specific mortality factor over a 12-year period. Cumulative hectares of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) disturbance was a covariate of importance (wi = 0.972;β = 0.580, 95% CI [0.302–0.859]) influencing survival. To our knowledge, this is the first account of puma being the primary mortality factor of mountain goats over a long-term study. The Black Hills system is unique because we could examine the expanded realized niche of puma in the absence of other large carnivores and their influence on mountain goats. We hypothesize that puma were being sustained at higher densities due to alternate prey sources (e.g., white-tailed deer;Odocoileous virginianus) and this small population of mountain goats was susceptible to predation by one or several specialized puma in the Black Hills. However, we also hypothesize a changing landscape with increased tree mortality due to insect infestation provided conditions for better predator detection by goats and increased survival. Alternatively, open canopy conditions may have increased understory forage production potentially increasing mountain goat survival but we did not evaluate this relationship. Survival and mortality rates of mountain goats should continue to be monitored as this small population may be highly susceptible to population declines due to slow growth rates.
Proliferating activity in a bryozoan lophophore
Authors: Shunatova Natalia , Borisenko Ilya
Published: May 2020

Bryozoans are small benthic colonial animals; their colonies consist of zooids which are composed of a cystid and polypide. According to morphological and molecular data, three classes of bryozoans are recognized: Phylactolaemata, Gymnolaemata and Stenolaemata. Bryozoans are active suspension feeders and their feeding apparatus, the lophophore, is fringed with a single row of ciliated tentacles. In gymnolaemates, the lophophore is bell-shaped and its tentacles may be equal in length (equitentacled lophophores) or some tentacles may be longer than others (obliquely truncated lophophores). In encrusting colonies, polypides with obliquely truncated lophophores usually border specific sites of excurrent water outlets (colony periphery and chimneys) where depleted water has to be removed. It is known that during colony astogeny, colony-wide water currents rearrange: new chimneys are formed and/or location of the chimneys within a given colony changes with time. Such rearrangement requires remodeling of the lophophore shape and lengthening of some tentacles in polypides surrounding water outlets. However, proliferating activity has not been described for bryozoans. Here, we compared the distribution of S-phase and mitotic cells in young and adult polypides in three species of Gymnolaemata. We tested the hypothesis that tentacle growth/elongation is intercalary and cell proliferation takes place somewhere at the lophophore base because such pattern does not interfere with the feeding process. We also present a detailed description of ultrastructure of two parts of the lophophore base: the oral region and ciliated pits, and uncover the possible function of the latter. The presence of stem cells within the ciliated pits and the oral region of polypides provide evidence that both sites participate in tentacle elongation. This confirms the suggested hypothesis about intercalary tentacle growth which provides a potential to alter a lophophore shape in adult polypides according to rearrangement of colony wide water currents during colony astogeny. For the first time deuterosome-like structures were revealed during kinetosome biogenesis in the prospective multiciliated epithelial cells in invertebrates. Tentacle regeneration experiments inElectra pilosademonstrated that among all epidermal cell types, only non-ciliated cells at the abfrontal tentacle surface are responsible for wound healing. Ciliated cells on the frontal and lateral tentacle surfaces are specialized and unable to proliferate, not even under wound healing. Tentacle regeneration inE. pilosais very slow and similar to the morphallaxis type. We suggest that damaged tentacles recover their length by a mechanism similar to normal growth, powered by proliferation of cells both within ciliated pits and the oral region.
Decreased inhibitory control after partial sleep deprivation in individuals reporting binge eating: preliminary findings
Authors: Cerolini Silvia , Ballesio Andrea , Ferlazzo Fabio , Lucidi Fabio , Lombardo Caterina
Published: May 2020

Background

Poor executive functions are associated with dysregulated eating and greater caloric intake in healthy samples. In parallel, findings suggested that sleep deprivation impairs executive functions.

Methods

We investigated whether partial sleep deprivation impairs executive functions in individuals reporting binge eating (BE,N = 14) and healthy controls (C,N = 13). Switch cost and backward inhibition were measured using the Task Switching Paradigm after a habitual night of sleep and after a night of partial sleep deprivation.

Results

Results showed a Night by Group interaction on the backward inhibition. The two groups differed in the habitual night, evidencing higher inhibitory control in BE compared to C. Additionally, after partial sleep deprivation, compared to the habitual night, backward inhibition decreased in BE group. This preliminary study was the first to explore the impact of sleep deprivation on executive functions in participants reporting binge eating and healthy controls, thus highlighting their potential role in influencing eating behavior.
Isotopic biomonitoring of anthropic carbon emissions in a megalopolis
Authors: Díaz-Álvarez Edison A. , de la Barrera Erick
Published: May 2020

Atmospheric pollution has become a serious threat for human health and the environment. However, the deployment, operation and maintenance of monitoring networks can represent a high cost for local governments. In certain locations, the use of naturally occurring plants for monitoring pollution can be a useful supplement of existing monitoring networks, and even provide information when other types of monitoring are lacking. In this work, we (i) determined the tissue carbon content and the δ13C values for the epiphytic CAM bromeliad Tillandsia recurvata and the relationship of both parameters with the existing CO concentrations in the Valley of Mexico basin and (ii) mapped the spatial distribution of such elemental and isotopic composition for this plant within the basin, in order to assess its potential as an atmospheric biomonitor of carbon monoxide, a pollutant with important repercussions on public health. The CO concentrations in the basin ranged from 0.41 ppm at rural locations to 0.81 ppm at urban sites. The carbon content of T. recurvata, which averaged 42.9 ± 0.34% (dry weight), was not influenced by the surrounding CO concentration. In contrast, the δ13C depended on the sites where the plants were collected. For example, the values were −13.2‰ in rural areas and as low as –17.5‰ in an urban site. Indeed, the isotopic values had a positive linear relationship with the atmospheric CO concentrations. Given the close relationship observed between the isotopic composition of T. recurvata with the CO concentrations in the Valley of Mexico, the δ13C values can be useful for the detection of atmospheric carbonaceous emissions.
Operation Experiences of Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Kim Hyeon-Young , Shin Sun Hwa
Published: May 2020

Purpose: In order to implement effective nursing interventions in operative procedures, it is necessary to understand the patients' care requirements. The aim of this study was to investigate the operating room experiences of patients with breast cancer. Methods: The study was conducted from November 15, to December 28, 2018. Participants were recruited through an objective sampling method and included eight women who had undergone breast cancer surgery within the last 10 years. Interviews were conducted with the participants until no new data were obtained. Qualitative data were analyzed using the 6-stage phenomenological analysis method of Colaizzi.Results: Three categories were identified across 18 themes and 8 theme clusters. For the category “before entering the operating room”, participants experienced crossing the threshold of death, mixed feelings of regret and resentment, and discomfort due to the gaze of unfamiliar people. With regard to “when entering the operating room”, participants experienced uneasiness owing to the cold environment and the medical procedures. However, they felt comforted with the attentiveness of the medical staff. Finally, regarding the category “after leaving the operating room”, participants experienced a sense of relief that the cancer cells were removed but expressed distress concerning the obstacles in follow-up care. Conclusion: The results indicate the necessity of understanding the experiences of breast cancer patients undergoing surgery and developing effective nursing interventions for these patients.