bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drawing on local knowledge and attitudes for the conservation of critically endangered rhino rays in Goa, India
Authors: Gupta Trisha , Milner‐Gulland EJ , Dias Andrew , Karnad Divya
Published: January 2023

In the context of marine species declines in data‐limited regions, local ecological knowledge (LEK) is a valuable source of information on species ecology and historical trends. LEK can also help understand how threatened species exist within a local culture, in terms of their uses and values, and reveal attitudes towards their conservation. Rhino rays (guitarfish and wedgefish) are highly threatened by overfishing with most species critically endangered, yet poorly studied in countries like India that fish them the most.

We drew on LEK to understand the socio‐ecological status of rhino rays in Goa, on the west coast of India. We investigated their habitat use and seasonality, interaction with fisheries, socio‐economic uses and relational values. We also explored attitudes of fishers towards rhino rays and their conservation. A combination of semistructured interviews and key informant interviews (88 in total) was conducted with fishers at multiple sites.

Local knowledge suggests that nearshore habitats around river mouths form important nursery grounds for some rhino rays, and provided insights on their seasonality and breeding. Rhino rays appeared to be targeted historically but are entirely bycaught at present, with highest catches in gillnets and in the South Goa district, during September and October. LEK indicated that taxa like sawfish (Pristis spp.) and wedgefish (Rhynchobatus spp.) have severely declined or disappeared from this region. We coded different relational values, from recreation (rhino rays are consumed and enjoyed with alcohol) to symbolic values (rhino rays are considered lucky). All key informants expressed positive attitudes towards rhino ray conservation and stated that a ban on landing these species would have little to no impact on fisher earnings.

The usefulness of LEK suggests it should be brought into the scientific mainstream to support development of more equitable and socially appropriate management plans. Fostering relational values can reinforce fishers' positive attitudes, thereby enhancing rhino ray conservation. Their low commercial value and potentially high post‐capture survival suggest that using norm‐based approaches to promote live release may be successful. Further research on rhino ray ecology and human dimensions can support the development of appropriate conservation interventions.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Comprehensive quality evaluation of processed Scrophulariae Radix from different regions of China using HPLC coupled with chemometrics methods
Authors: Zhang Mina , Chen Kaixian , Wang Pan , Zhang Liuqiang , Li Yiming
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Scrophulariae Radix (SR) has been extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for thousands of years. However, the processing methods and production areas of Scrophularia ningpoensis have undergone notable historic changes. Thus, their effects on the bioactive constituents of SR still need to be studied further.

Objectives

This study aimed to establish an objective and comprehensive method to identify the correlation of bioactive constituents of SR with variety, place of origin and processing method for evaluating their qualities.

Methodology

An accurate and rapid high‐performance liquid chromatography‐diode array detector (HPLC‐DAD) method for the simultaneous determination of 11 marker components (aucubin, harpagide, 6‐O‐methyl‐catalpol, harpagoside, verbascoside, isoverbascoside, angoroside C, cinnamic acid, l‐tyrosine, l‐phenylalanine, and l‐tryptophan) was established to evaluate the quality of SR for the first time. In addition, the effects of different production areas and processed methods on the target compounds were studied by analysing 66 batches of SR samples with chemometrics methods, including similarity evaluation of chromatographic fingerprints of TCM, principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA).

Results

Compared with “sweating”, short‐term “steaming” and “slice‐drying” could largely preserve the bioactive constituents of SR. When using the model established through PLS‐DA, five components were identified as the most significant variables for discrimination. Furthermore, the score plots of PCA and the similarity evaluation revealed that variety had a more notable influence on the quality of SR than the place of origin.

Conclusion

An objective approach of HPLC fingerprint coupled with chemometrics analysis and quantitative assessment could be applied to discriminate different processed SR and evaluate the qualities of SR rapidly.
Skin Cancer Excisions and Histopathology Outcomes When Following a Contemporary Population-Based Cohort Longitudinally with 3D Total-Body Photography
Authors: Soyer H. Peter , O’Hara Montana , Silva Carina V. , Horsham Caitlin , Jayasinghe Dilki , Sanjida Saira , Schaider Helmut , Aitken Joanne , Sturm Richard A. , Prow Tarl , Menzies Scott W. , Janda Monika
Published: January 2023

Background

Skin cancer represents a significant health burden across the globe and early detection is critical to improve health outcomes. Three-dimensional (3D) total-body photography is a new and emerging technology which can support clinicians when they monitor people's skin over time.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to improve our understanding of the epidemiology and natural history of melanocytic naevi in adults, and their relationship with melanoma and other skin cancers.

Methods

Mind Your Moles was a 3-year prospective, population-based cohort study which ran from December 2016 to February 2020. Participants visited the Princess Alexandra Hospital every 6 months for 3 years to undergo both a clinical skin examination and 3D total-body photography.

Results

A total of 1213 skin screening imaging sessions were completed. Fifty-six percent of participants (n = 108/193) received a referral to their own doctor for 250 lesions of concern, 101/108 (94%) for an excision/biopsy. Of those, 86 people (85%) visited their doctor and received an excision/biopsy for 138 lesions. Histopathology of these lesions found 39 non-melanoma skin cancers (across 32 participants) and six in situ melanomas (across four participants).

Conclusions

3D total-body imaging results in diagnosis of a high number of keratinocyte cancers (KCs) and their precursors in the general population.
Leveraging β‐Adrenergic Receptor Signaling Blockade for Improved Cancer Immunotherapy Through Biomimetic Nanovaccine
Authors: Yang Chao , He Yi , Chen Fangman , Zhang Fan , Shao Dan , Wang Zheng
Published: January 2023

The establishment of effective antitumor immune responses of vaccines is mainly limited by insufficient priming tumor infiltration of T cells and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Targeting β‐adrenergic receptor (β‐AR) signaling exerts promising benefits on reversing the suppressive effects directly on T cells, but it appears to have considerably limited antitumor performance when combined with vaccine‐based immunotherapies. Herein, a tumor membrane‐coated nanoplatform for codelivery of adjuvant CpG and propranolol (Pro), a β‐AR inhibitor is designed. The biomimetic nanovaccine displayed an improved accumulation in lymph nodes and sufficient drug release, thereby inducing dendritic cell maturation and antigen presentation. Meanwhile, the integration of vaccination and blockade of β‐AR signaling not only promoted the priming of the naive CD8+ T cells and effector T cell egress from lymph nodes, but also alleviated the immunosuppressive TME by decreasing the frequency of immunosuppressive cells and increasing the tumor infiltration of B cells and NK cells. Consequently, the biomimetic nanovaccines outperformed greater prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy than nanovaccines without Pro encapsulation in B16‐F10 melanoma mice. Taken together, the work explored a biomimetic nanovaccine for priming tumor infiltration of T cells and immunosuppressive TME regulation, offering tremendous potential for a combined β‐AR signaling‐targeting strategy in cancer immunotherapy.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Spiro Heterocyclic Compounds Using a Combination of Organocatalysis and Transition‐Metal Catalysis
Authors: Kamlar Martin , Urban Michal , Veselý Jan
Published: January 2023

Over the last ten years, the combination of organocatalysis with transition metal (TM) catalysis has become one of the most important toolboxes used for synthesizing optically pure compounds containing chiral quaternary centers, including spiro heterocyclic molecules. The dominant method in the enantioselective synthesis of spiro heterocyclic compounds based on synergistic catalysis includes chiral aminocatalysis and NHC catalysis, as already established covalent organocatalytic strategies. Another area of organocatalysis widely combined with TM catalysis producing enantiomerically enriched spiro heterocyclic compounds is non‐covalent catalysis, dominated by chiral phosphoric acids, thiourea, and squaramide derivatives. This review article aims to summarize enantioselective methods used for constructing spirocyclic heterocycles based on a combination of organocatalysis and transition metal catalysis.
Fatal necro‐haemorrhagic gastroenteritis and multifocal microthrombi secondary to food engorgement in a dog
Authors: Talbot Charles T. , Fisher Corey J. , Oates Andrew W. , Zersen Kristin M.
Published: January 2023

A previously healthy 5‐year‐old, female, spayed, mixed breed dog presented for acute abdominal distension and non‐productive retching after consuming a large volume of kibble dog food. Abdominal radiographs confirmed food engorgement, and standard medical therapy was initiated with intravenous fluids and analgesics. After 36 hours of persistent abdominal distension and progressive hyperlactatemia, an exploratory laparotomy revealed generalised ischaemia throughout the gastrointestinal tract, spleen, and liver. Due to a poor prognosis, humane euthanasia was elected. Postmortem examination confirmed severe necro‐haemorrhagic gastroenteritis and multifocal microthrombi.Clostridium perfringenswas cultured from the small intestines, which may represent either an underlying cause or an opportunistic proliferation.
A novel multi fractional comparative analysis of second law analysis of MHD flow of Casson nanofluid in a porous medium with slipping and ramped wall heating
Authors: Khan Dolat , Kumam Poom , Watthayu Wiboonsak , Yassen Mansour F.
Published: January 2023

Fractional calculus gets more attention in applied and pure science from the last two decay due to their valuable contribution. Due to extensive applications of fractional derivatives, the main aim of this article is focused on the multi fractional comparative study of entropy generation of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of Casson nanofluid with slipping and ramped wall heating effect on the plate. Set of partial differential equations forms governing equation and by using constant proportional–Caputo hybrid (CPC), Atangana–baleanu (AB) and Caputo Fabrizio (CF) fractional derivative generalized the model. Using the Laplace transform approach, a closed form of the solution is attained. Entropy production for Casson nanofluid is explored and compared using triple fractional modelled and for four different nanoparticles. Furthermore, the Bejan number is compared for the previously mentioned fractional derivatives. The graphs depict the effect of several parameters on the minimization and maximisation of multi generalised entropy generation. Instead of Atangana–baleanu and Caputo Fabrizio fractional operators, the newly proportional Caputo hybrid operator has a strong memory effect. It is concluded that CPC fractional model is more realistic then other two fractional model in case of ramped wall temperature while in case of isothermal wall temperature the results are vice versa.
Thermal performance of a longitudinal fin under the influence of magnetic field using Sumudu transform method with pade approximant (STM‐PA)
Authors: Sowmya Ganeshappa , Kumar Ravikumar Shashikala Varun , J Madhu , Banu Yasmeen
Published: January 2023

Temperature distribution, and efficiency of a rectangular profiled longitudinal fin are examined in this investigation with the impact of the magnetic field. By exploiting appropriate non‐dimensional terms, the heat transfer equation incorporating temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity, heat transfer coefficient, and Maxwell expression for the effect of the magnetic field yield a dimensionless nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE) with corresponding boundary conditions (BCs). Sumudu transform method with Pade approximant (STM‐PA) has been employed to obtain an analytical solution for the temperature profile of a longitudinal rectangular fin subjected to a uniform magnetic field under multi‐boiling heat transfer. The STM‐PA results are compared to the Runge‐Kutta Fehlberg's fourth‐fifth (RKF‐45) order technique for computational verification and are observed to be in good accordance. The behavior of dimensionless temperature profile has been explicated graphically for diverse values of non‐dimensional parameters such as thermal conductivity parameter, Hartmann number, and thermogeometric parameter. The results of this study show that as the thermal conductivity parameter enriches, the temperature profile of the longitudinal fin improves, whereas it declines for the Hartmann number and thermogeometric parameter. Under multi‐boiling heat transference, fin efficiency varies significantly depending on the impact of pertinent variables.
Problemstellung
Authors: Müller Jana Katharina
Published: January 2023

Bilanzierungssysteme haben die Aufgabe, die unternehmerische Realität in modellhafter Weise abzubilden und so der jeweiligen Zwecksetzung gerecht zu werden. Immaterielle Werte stellen einen wichtigen Teil der gegenwärtigen unternehmerischen Realität dar und gewinnen, u. a. durch die zunehmende Digitalisierung, stetig an Bedeutung. Insbesondere die Beziehungen zwischen Unternehmen und Kunden spielen eine besondere Rolle für den Wertschöpfungsprozess, denn jedes profitorientierte Unternehmen existiert durch die Nachfrage seiner Kunden.
Rechnungslegungsordnung
Authors: Müller Jana Katharina
Published: January 2023

Alle Kaufleute sind gemäß § 243 Abs. 1 HGB zur Aufstellung ihres Jahresabschluss „nach den Grundsätzen ordnungsmäßiger Buchführung“ verpflichtet; aufgrund der Verortung dieser Norm im ersten Abschnitt des HGB stellen die GoB eine Generalnorm dar, die für alle Kaufleute, d. h. neben Personengesellschaften insbesondere auch für Kapitalgesellschaften, den Kern der Bilanzierung bilden. „[U]m einen vielgestaltigen Sachverhalt des Rechtslebens zu regeln und um den Regelungsinhalt des Gesetzes für den Wandel der Verhältnisse und Anschauungen offenzuhalten“, sind die GoB einerseits als unbestimmter Rechtsbegriff konzipiert, andererseits den Einzelgrundsätzen vorangestellt. Seit den 1960er Jahren wurde das bis dahin aus dem Aktienrecht bekannte Normverständnis rechtsformunabhängig angewendet und auf das Verständnis handelsrechtlicher GoB übertragen; diese werden seitdem – spätestens aber seit der gesetzlichen Kodifizierung einzelner „oberer GoB“, bspw. die für alle Vermögensgegenstände und Schulden geltenden allgemeinen Bewertungsgrundsätze gemäß § 252 Abs. 1 HGB, durch das Bilanzrichtlinien-Gesetz von 1985 – als grundsätzlich öffentlich-rechtliche Normen verstanden.
GoB-System als Grundlage der Bilanzierung von Kundenbeziehungen und Vergleich mit der Bilanzierung nach IFRS
Authors: Müller Jana Katharina
Published: January 2023

Die GoB zur Bestimmung eines aktivierungsfähigen Vermögensgegenstands sind grundsätzlich sowohl für materielle als auch für immaterielle Vorteile anzuwenden. Teilweise wird für die Konkretisierung sowohl gesetzlich (so das Aktivierungswahlrecht des § 248 Abs. 2 S. 1 HGB) als auch implizit aufgrund der bei immateriellen Werten bestehenden Unsicherheiten eine Abgrenzung gefordert, sodass eine Definition dessen, was unter den Begriff Immaterialität subsumiert werden kann, für eine GoB-konforme Auslegung zwingend notwendig ist.
Alternative Konkretisierung des Vermögensbegriffs auf Grundlage der Property-Rights-Theorie
Authors: Müller Jana Katharina
Published: January 2023

Die bisherige Darstellung und Analyse der gegenwärtigen Regelungen zur Aktivierung immaterieller Güter haben verdeutlicht, dass sich bisher sowohl nach GoB als auch nach IFRS keine eindeutigen und gefestigten Kriterien herausgebildet haben, die der Anforderung einer objektivierten und gleichzeitig die tatsächlichen wirtschaftlichen Gegebenheiten abbildenden Bilanzierung gerecht werden. Aus diesem Grund soll eine alternative Konzeption auf Basis der Bilanzierung von Property Rights auf ihre Tauglichkeit und einen möglichen Mehrwert hin geprüft werden. Das Abstellen auf Property Rights, die sich an der „Schnittstelle zwischen der juristischen und der ökonomischen Welt“ bewegen, kann möglicherweise – und stets unter Einbezug der in den Rechnungslegungssystemen geltenden Maßstäbe – zu einer Konkretisierung der Kriterien beitragen.
Thesenförmige Zusammenfassung
Authors: Müller Jana Katharina
Published: January 2023

Die Aktivierungsfähigkeit immaterieller Werte ist nach gegenwärtiger GoB- und IFRS-Bilanzierung nicht nur von ihrer inhaltlichen Ausgestaltung, sondern auch von ihrer Entstehung abhängig. Immaterielle Werte können dem bilanzierenden Unternehmen durch einen separaten Kauf, einen Kauf im Zuge eines Unternehmenserwerbs oder durch Selbsterstellung zugehen. Dies gilt auch für Kundenbeziehungen.
Fear of AI: an inquiry into the adoption of autonomous cars in spite of fear, and a theoretical framework for the study of artificial intelligence technology acceptance
Authors: Cugurullo Federico , Acheampong Ransford A.
Published: January 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming part of the everyday. During this transition, people’s intention to use AI technologies is still unclear and emotions such as fear are influencing it. In this paper, we focus on autonomous cars to first verify empirically the extent to which people fear AI and then examine the impact that fear has on their intention to use AI-driven vehicles. Our research is based on a systematic survey and it reveals that while individuals are largely afraid of cars that are driven by AI, they are nonetheless willing to adopt this technology as soon as possible. To explain this tension, we extend our analysis beyond just fear and show that people also believe that AI-driven cars will generate many individual, urban and global benefits. Subsequently, we employ our empirical findings as the foundations of a theoretical framework meant to illustrate the main factors that people ponder when they consider the use of AI tech. In addition to offering a comprehensive theoretical framework for the study of AI technology acceptance, this paper provides a nuanced understanding of the tension that exists between the fear and adoption of AI, capturing what exactly people fear and intend to do.
Characteristics associated with subjective and objective measures of treatment success in women undergoing percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation vs sham for accidental bowel leakage
Authors: Luchristt Douglas , Carper Benjamin , Balgobin Sunil , Meyer Isuzu , Myers Deborah , Mazloomdoost Donna , Gantz Marie , Andy Uduak , Zyczynski Halina M. , Lukacz Emily S. ,   On behalf of the Pelvic Floor Disorders Network, Zyczynski Halina M. , Richter Holly E. , Sung Vivian W. , Lukacz Emily S. , Arya Lily A. , Rahn David D. , Visco Anthony G. , Mazloomdoost Donna , Carper Benjamin , Gantz Marie G.
Published: January 2023

Introduction and hypothesis

In randomized trials both percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) and sham result in clinically significant improvements in accidental bowel leakage (ABL). We aimed to identify subgroups who may preferentially benefit from PTNS in women enrolled in a multicenter randomized trial.

Methods

This planned secondary analysis explored factors associated with success for PTNS vs sham using various definitions: treatment responder using three cutoff points for St. Mark’s score (≥3-, ≥4-, and ≥5-point reduction); Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) of ≥ much better; and ≥50% reduction in fecal incontinence episodes (FIEs). Backward logistic regression models were generated using elements with significance of p<0.2 for each definition and interaction terms assessed differential effects of PTNS vs sham.

Results

Of 166 women randomized, 160 provided data for at least one success definition. Overall, success rates were 65% (102 out of 158), 57% (90 out of 158), and 46% (73 out of 158) for ≥3-, ≥4-, and ≥5-point St Mark’s reduction respectively; 43% (68 out of 157) for PGI-I; and 48% (70 out of 145) for ≥50% FIEs. Of those providing data for all definitions of success, 77% (109 out of 142) met one success criterion, 43% (61 out of 142) two, and 29% (41 out of 142) all three success criteria. No reliable or consistent factors were associated with improved outcomes with PTNS over sham regardless of definition.

Conclusions

Despite exploring diverse success outcomes, no subgroups of women with ABL differentially responded to PTNS over sham. Success results varied widely across subjective and objective definitions. Further investigation of ABL treatment success definitions that consistently and accurately capture patient symptom burden and improvement are needed.
Derivation of metabolic point of departure using high-throughput in vitro metabolomics: investigating the importance of sampling time points on benchmark concentration values in the HepaRG cell line
Authors: Malinowska Julia M. , Palosaari Taina , Sund Jukka , Carpi Donatella , Weber Ralf J. M. , Lloyd Gavin R. , Whelan Maurice , Viant Mark R.
Published: January 2023

Amongst omics technologies, metabolomics should have particular value in regulatory toxicology as the measurement of the molecular phenotype is the closest to traditional apical endpoints, whilst offering mechanistic insights into the biological perturbations. Despite this, the application of untargeted metabolomics for point-of-departure (POD) derivation via benchmark concentration (BMC) modelling is still a relatively unexplored area. In this study, a high-throughput workflow was applied to derive PODs associated with a chemical exposure by measuring the intracellular metabolome of the HepaRG cell line following treatment with one of four chemicals (aflatoxin B1, benzo[a]pyrene, cyclosporin A, or rotenone), each at seven concentrations (aflatoxin B1, benzo[a]pyrene, cyclosporin A: from 0.2048 μM to 50 μM; rotenone: from 0.04096 to 10 μM) and five sampling time points (2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h). The study explored three approaches to derive PODs using benchmark concentration modelling applied to single features in the metabolomics datasets or annotated metabolites or lipids: (1) the 1st rank-ordered unannotated feature, (2) the 1st rank-ordered putatively annotated feature (using a recently developed HepaRG-specific library of polar metabolites and lipids), and (3) 25th rank-ordered feature, demonstrating that for three out of four chemical datasets all of these approaches led to relatively consistent BMC values, varying less than tenfold across the methods. In addition, using the 1st rank-ordered unannotated feature it was possible to investigate temporal trends in the datasets, which were shown to be chemical specific. Furthermore, a possible integration of metabolomics-driven POD derivation with the liver steatosis adverse outcome pathway (AOP) was demonstrated. The study highlights that advances in technologies enable application of in vitro metabolomics at scale; however, greater confidence in metabolite identification is required to ensure PODs are mechanistically anchored.
A highly sensitive LC-MS/MS method for quantitative determination of 7 vitamin D metabolites in mouse brain tissue
Authors: Stephenson Andrea Joy , Hunter Benjamin , Shaw Paul Nicholas , Kassim Nur Sofiah Abu , Trengove Robert , Takechi Ryu , Lam Virginie , Mamo John
Published: January 2023

Despite its critical role in neurodevelopment and brain function, vitamin D (vit-D) homeostasis, metabolism, and kinetics within the central nervous system remain largely undetermined. Thus, it is of critical importance to establish an accurate, highly sensitive, and reproducible method to quantitate vit-D in brain tissue. Here, we present a novel liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method and for the first time, demonstrate detection of seven major vit-D metabolites in brain tissues of C57BL/6J wild-type mice, namely 1,25(OH)2D3, 3-epi-1,25(OH)2D3, 1,25(OH)2D2, 25(OH)D3, 25(OH)D2, 24,25(OH)2D3, and 24,25(OH)2D2. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a pentaflurophenyl column with 3 mM ammonium formate water/methanol [A] and 3 mM ammonium formate methanol/isopropanol [B] mobile phase components. Detection was by positive ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with the EVOQ elite triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with an Advance ultra-high-performance liquid chromatograph and online extraction system. Calibration standards of each metabolite prepared in brain matrices were used to validate the detection range, precision, accuracy, and recovery. Isotopically labelled analogues, 1,25(OH)2D3-d3, 25(OH)D3-c5, and 24,25(OH)2D3-d6, served as the internal standards for the closest molecular-related metabolite in all measurements. Standards between 1 fg/mL and 10 ng/mL were injected with a resulting linear range between 0.001 and 1 ng, with an LLOD and LLOQ of 1 pg/mL and 12.5 pg/mL, respectively. The intra-/inter-day precision and accuracy for measuring brain vit-D metabolites ranged between 0.12–11.53% and 0.28–9.11%, respectively. Recovery in acetonitrile ranged between 99.09 and 106.92% for all metabolites. Collectively, the sensitivity and efficiency of our method supersedes previously reported protocols used to measure vit-D and to our knowledge, the first protocol to reveal the abundance of 25(OH)D2, 1,25(OH)D2, and 24,25(OH)2D2, in brain tissue of any species. This technique may be important in supporting the future advancement of pre-clinical research into the function of vit-D in neurophysiological and neuropsychiatric disorders, and neurodegeneration.

Graphical Abstract
Prediction of sensory attributes in winemaking grapes by on-line near-infrared spectroscopy based on selected volatile aroma compounds
Authors: Gehlken Jana , Pour Nikfardjam Martin , Zörb Christian
Published: January 2023

Aroma represents an important quality aspect for wine. The aroma of different grapes and wines is formed by the varying composition and concentrations of numerous aroma compounds, which result in different sensory impressions. The analysis of aroma compounds is usually complex and time-consuming, which requires the development of rapid alternative methods. In this study, grape mash samples were examined for aroma compounds, which were released under tasting conditions. A selection of the determined aroma compounds was grouped according to their sensory characteristics and calibration models were developed for the determination of sensory attributes by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. The calibration models for the selected sensory attributes “fruity,” “green,” “floral” and “microbiological” showed very high prediction accuracies (0.979 < R2C < 0.996). Moreover, four different grape model solutions, whose compositions were based on the results from GC–MS-based analysis of the grape mash samples, were examined in a sensory evaluation. Despite large variation of the single values, the averaged values of the given scores for intensity of odour and taste showed differences between the model solutions for most of the evaluated sensory attributes. Sensory analysis remains essential for the evaluation of the overall aroma; however, NIR spectroscopy can be used as an additional and more objective method for the estimation of possible desired or undesired flavour nuances of grape mash and the quality of the resulting wine.

Graphical Abstract
[18F]FDG PET in conditions associated with hyperkinetic movement disorders and ataxia: a systematic review
Authors: Timmers Elze R. , Klamer Marrit R. , Marapin Ramesh S. , Lammertsma Adriaan A. , de Jong Bauke M. , Dierckx Rudi A. J. O. , Tijssen Marina A. J.
Published: January 2023

Purpose

To give a comprehensive literature overview of alterations in regional cerebral glucose metabolism, measured using [18F]FDG PET, in conditions associated with hyperkinetic movement disorders and ataxia. In addition, correlations between glucose metabolism and clinical variables as well as the effect of treatment on glucose metabolism are discussed.

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies concerning tremors, tics, dystonia, ataxia, chorea, myoclonus, functional movement disorders, or mixed movement disorders due to autoimmune or metabolic aetiologies were eligible for inclusion. A PubMed search was performed up to November 2021.

Results

Of 1240 studies retrieved in the original search, 104 articles were included. Most articles concerned patients with chorea (n = 27), followed by ataxia (n = 25), dystonia (n = 20), tremor (n = 8), metabolic disease (n = 7), myoclonus (n = 6), tics (n = 6), and autoimmune disorders (n = 5). No papers on functional movement disorders were included. Altered glucose metabolism was detected in various brain regions in all movement disorders, with dystonia-related hypermetabolism of the lentiform nuclei and both hyper- and hypometabolism of the cerebellum; pronounced cerebellar hypometabolism in ataxia; and striatal hypometabolism in chorea (dominated by Huntington disease). Correlations between clinical characteristics and glucose metabolism were often described. [18F]FDG PET-showed normalization of metabolic alterations after treatment in tremors, ataxia, and chorea.

Conclusion

In all conditions with hyperkinetic movement disorders, hypo- or hypermetabolism was found in multiple, partly overlapping brain regions, and clinical characteristics often correlated with glucose metabolism. For some movement disorders, [18F]FDG PET metabolic changes reflected the effect of treatment.
The Effect of Angioembolization Versus Open Exploration for Moderate to Severe Blunt Liver Injuries on Mortality
Authors: Gallaher Jared , Burton Victoria , Schneider Andrew B. , Reid Trista , Raff Lauren , Smith Charlotte B. , Charles Anthony
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Blunt liver injury is common and is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. More severe injuries often require either angioembolization or open operative repair, depending on patient factors and facility capacity. We sought to describe patient outcomes based on intervention type.

Methods

We analyzed the National Trauma Data Bank (2017–2019) using ICD‐10 codes to identify adult patients with blunt liver injury and their interventions. AIS (Abbreviated Injury Scale) scores were used to group patients based on liver injury severity (AIS 2–6). Logistic regression modeling was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio of death based on intervention type, excluding patients with severe injury.

Results

Of 2,848,592 trauma patients, 50,250 patients had a blunt liver injury. Among patients with AIS 3/4/5 injury, 1,140 had angioembolization, 1,529 had an open repair, and 188 had both angioembolization and open repair. In comparison with no intervention and adjusted for age, sex, shock index, ISS, and transfusion total (first four hours), angioembolization was associated with a significant decrease in the odds of mortality for patients with an AIS 4 (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.47, 0.99) and AIS 5 injury (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.24, 0.64). In patients with an AIS 5 injury, open repair had an increased odds of mortality at OR 1.99 (95% CI 1.47, 2.69).

Conclusion

In an analysis of a national trauma database, patients with a moderate to severe injury (AIS 4 or 5), angioembolization was associated with a significant reduction in the adjusted odds of mortality compared to open repair and should be considered when clinically appropriate.
Interactions between natural products and cancer treatments: underlying mechanisms and clinical importance
Authors: Chan Wai-Jo Jocelin , Adiwidjaja Jeffry , McLachlan Andrew J. , Boddy Alan V. , Harnett Joanna E.
Published: January 2023

Natural products, also referred to as dietary supplements, complementary and alternative medicines, and health or food supplements are widely used by people living with cancer. These products are predominantly self-selected and taken concurrently with cancer treatments with the intention of improving quality of life, immune function and reducing cancer symptoms and treatment side effects. Concerns have been raised that concurrent use may lead to interactions resulting in adverse effects and unintended treatment outcomes. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms by which these interactions can occur and the current evidence about specific clinically important natural product–drug interactions. Clinical studies investigating pharmacokinetic interactions provide evidence that negative treatment outcomes may occur when Hypericum perforatum, Grapefruit, Schisandra sphenanthera, Curcuma longa or Hydrastis canadensis are taken concurrently with common cancer treatments. Conversely, pharmacodynamic interactions between Hangeshashinto (TJ-14) and some cancer treatments have been shown to reduce the side effects of diarrhoea and oral mucositis. In summary, research in this area is limited and requires further investigation.
In-situ observations of an intact natural whale fall in Palmer deep, Western Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Bolstad K. S. R. , Amsler M. O. , Broyer C. De , M. Komoda  , Iwasaki H.
Published: January 2023

Whale carcasses on the seafloor support unique, ephemeral communities of organisms, and ‘natural’ whale fall sites are infrequently encountered, especially in polar regions. During a manned submersible dive in early 2017, we discovered the skeleton of an Antarctic minke whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) at 963 m in Palmer Deep, in the Western Antarctic Peninsula. The site was filmed in HD for approximately two hours, enabling visual identification of representatives from at least eight phyla, although physical sampling was not possible. The remains appeared to be in the late ‘enrichment–opportunistic’ phase (although some mobile scavengers were still present and some sulfonic activity had already commenced), with polychaetes of the order Aciculata, and family Ampharetidae, plus several amphipod species, most abundant. Novel eusirid amphipod and rhodaliid siphonophore taxa were also present. The observed faunal distribution suggests patterns consistent with reports from other Antarctic whale falls (both experimental and natural). This discovery represents the highest-latitude natural whale fall reported to date.
Particle detection and size recognition based on defocused particle images: a comparison of a deterministic algorithm and a deep neural network
Authors: Sachs Sebastian , Ratz Manuel , Mäder Patrick , König Jörg , Cierpka Christian
Published: January 2023

The systematic manipulation of components of multimodal particle solutions is a key for the design of modern industrial products and pharmaceuticals with highly customized properties. In order to optimize innovative particle separation devices on microfluidic scales, a particle size recognition with simultaneous volumetric position determination is essential. In the present study, the astigmatism particle tracking velocimetry is extended by a deterministic algorithm and a deep neural network (DNN) to include size classification of particles of multimodal size distribution. Without any adaptation of the existing measurement setup, a reliable classification of bimodal particle solutions in the size range of$$1.14~\upmu \hbox {m}$$1.14μm–$$5.03~\upmu \hbox {m}$$5.03μmis demonstrated with a precision of up to 99.9 %. Concurrently, the high detection rate of the particles, suspended in a laminar fluid flow, is quantified by a recall of 99.0 %. By extracting particle images from the experimentally acquired images and placing them on a synthetic background, semi-synthetic images with consistent ground truth are generated. These contain labeled overlapping particle images that are correctly detected and classified by the DNN. The study is complemented by employing the presented algorithms for simultaneous size recognition of up to four particle species with a particle diameter in between$$1.14~\upmu \hbox {m}$$1.14μmand$$5.03~\upmu \hbox {m}$$5.03μm. With the very high precision of up to 99.3 % at a recall of 94.8 %, the applicability to classify multimodal particle mixtures even in dense solutions is confirmed. The present contribution thus paves the way for quantitative evaluation of microfluidic separation and mixing processes.
A 2-Bisection with Small Number of Monochromatic Edges of a Claw-Free Cubic Graph
Authors: Eom Seungjae , Ozeki Kenta
Published: January 2023

A bisection of a graph G is a partition of its vertex set into two parts of the same cardinality. A k-bisection of G is a bisection of G such that every component of each part has at most k vertices. Cui and Liu proved that every claw-free cubic graph contains a 2-bisection. In this paper, we improve this result showing that every claw-free cubic graph contains a 2-bisection with bounded number of monochromatic edges, where a monochromatic edge of a 2-bisection is an edge connecting two vertices of the same part of the 2-bisection. We also prove that our bound is best possible for all claw-free cubic simple graphs.
Mechanisms of tropical cyclone response under climate change in the community earth system model
Authors: van Westen René M. , Dijkstra Henk A. , Bloemendaal Nadia
Published: January 2023

Climate change induces a myriad of effects which influences the global tropical cyclone (TC) genesis frequency. Here we explore how North Atlantic and Western Pacific TCs are affected under climate change using a present-day and a future (1% pCO2 scenario) ensemble of high resolution simulations. We find that the number of TCs decreases ($$-45\%$$

-
45
%

) in the North Atlantic but increases ($$+15\%$$

+
15
%

) in the Western Pacific. Part of these opposing variations are linked to differences in the ocean’s meridional overturning circulation, which gives rise to a different sea surface temperature response and air-sea fluxes between the two basins. The results show the important role of oceanic climate change on TC response.
Non-visual hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review
Authors: Toh Wei Lin , Yolland Caitlin , Gurvich Caroline , Barnes James , Rossell Susan L.
Published: January 2023

Background

Non-visual hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease (PD) can be prevalent and distressing. Most existing research has however, focused on visual hallucinations as well as related risk factors. The current study thus conducted a systematic review to collate existing evidence on non-visual hallucinations in PD, focusing on their prevalence, phenomenology, and clinical-cognitive correlates.

Methods

Ninety-one relevant studies were included from a systematic search across PsycINFO APA, PubMed, and Web of Science, for peer-reviewed publications in the English language, from 1970 to the present. These comprised a mix of case (30 studies;n = 56) and group design (62 studies;n = 7346) studies, divided into three somewhat overlapping collections to address our three research foci.

Results

Prevalence estimates for hallucinations were: auditory 1.5–72.0%, olfactory 1.6–21.0%, somatic-tactile 0.4–22.5%, gustatory 1.0–15.0%, and sensed presence 0.9–73.3%. Phenomenological inquiries revealed descriptions of vivid, consuming events replete with elaborate detail, adversely affecting PD patients in different ways. Overt experiences of multisensory hallucinations were also highly variable (0.4–80%) but exceedingly common, reported by almost half of the 45 included prevalence studies. There was some evidence for modality-specific hallucination predictors, but this was largely tentative, pending robust replication.

Conclusions

Marked prevalence figures coupled with phenomenological descriptions implicating distress denote that non-visual and multisensory hallucinations in PD are of clinical significance. More direct research and clinical attention need to be devoted to the study and management of such hallucinatory experiences.
The effects of enteric-coated sodium bicarbonate supplementation on 2 km rowing performance in female CrossFit® athletes
Authors: Martin Robyn A. X. J. , Hilton Nathan P. , Sparks S. Andy , Saunders Bryan , McNaughton Lars R.
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplementation can improve exercise performance, but few studies consider how effective it is in female athletes. The aim of the study was to establish the effect of individually timed pre-exercise SB ingestion on 2 km rowing time trial (TT) performance in female athletes.

Methods

Eleven female CrossFit® athletes (mean ± SD age, 29 y ± 4 y, body mass, 64.5 kg ± 7.1 kg, height, 1.7 m ± 0.09 m, peak oxygen uptake [VO2peak], 53.8 ± 5.7 mL·kg−1∙min−1). An initial trial identified individual time-to-peak [HCO3−] following enteric-coated 0.3 g·kg−1 BM SB ingestion. Participants then completed a 2 km TT familiarisation followed by a placebo (PLA) or SB trial, using a randomised cross-over design.

Results

The ingestion of SB improved rowing performance (514.3 ± 44.6 s) compared to the PLA (529.9 ± 45.4 s) and FAM trials (522.2 ± 43.1 s) (p = 0.001, pη2 = 0.53) which represents a 2.24% improvement compared to the PLA. Individual time-to-peak alkalosis occurred 102.3 ± 22.1 min after ingestion (range 75–150 min) and resulted in increased blood [HCO3-] of 5.5 ± 1.5 mmol⋅L−1 (range = 3.8–7.9 mmol⋅L−1). The change in blood [HCO3-] was significantly correlated with the performance improvement between PLA and SB trials (r = 0.68, p = 0.020).

Conclusions

Ingesting a 0.3 g·kg−1 BM dose of enteric-coated SB improves 2 km rowing performance in female athletes. The improvement is directly related to the extracellular buffering capacity even when blood [HCO3-] does not change ≥ 5.0 mmol⋅L−1.
Near-Optimal Quantum Algorithms for String Problems
Authors: Akmal Shyan , Jin Ce
Published: January 2023

We study quantum algorithms for several fundamental string problems, including Longest Common Substring, Lexicographically Minimal String Rotation, and Longest Square Substring. These problems have been widely studied in the stringology literature since the 1970s, and are known to be solvable by near-linear time classical algorithms. In this work, we give quantum algorithms for these problems with near-optimal query complexities and time complexities. Specifically, we show that: Longest Common Substring can be solved by a quantum algorithm in $$\tilde{O}(n^{2/3})$$

O
~

(

n

2
/
3

)

time, improving upon the recent $$\tilde{O}(n^{5/6})$$

O
~

(

n

5
/
6

)

-time algorithm by Le Gall and Seddighin (in: Proceedings of the 13th innovations in theoretical computer science conference (ITCS 2022), pp 97:1–97:23, 2022. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2022.97). Our algorithm uses the MNRS quantum walk framework, together with a careful combination of string synchronizing sets (Kempa and Kociumaka, in: Proceedings of the 51st annual ACM SIGACT symposium on theory of computing (STOC 2019), ACM, pp 756–767, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313276.3316368) and generalized difference covers. Lexicographically Minimal String Rotation can be solved by a quantum algorithm in $$n^{1/2 + o(1)}$$

n

1
/
2
+
o
(
1
)

time, improving upon the recent $$\tilde{O}(n^{3/4})$$

O
~

(

n

3
/
4

)

-time algorithm by Wang and Ying (in: Quantum algorithm for lexicographically minimal string rotation. CoRR, 2020. arXiv:2012.09376). We design our algorithm by first giving a new classical divide-and-conquer algorithm in near-linear time based on exclusion rules, and then speeding it up quadratically using nested Grover search and quantum minimum finding. Longest Square Substring can be solved by a quantum algorithm in $$\tilde{O}(\sqrt{n})$$

O
~

(

n

)

time. Our algorithm is an adaptation of the algorithm by Le Gall and Seddighin (2022) for the Longest Palindromic Substring problem, but uses additional techniques to overcome the difficulty that binary search no longer applies. Our techniques naturally extend to other related string problems, such as Longest Repeated Substring, Longest Lyndon Substring, and Minimal Suffix.
Ricci flow on surfaces along the standard lightcone in the $$3+1$$-Minkowski spacetime
Authors: Wolff Markus
Published: January 2023

Identifying any conformally round metric on the 2-sphere with a unique cross section of the standard lightcone in the $$3+1$$

3
+
1

-Minkowski spacetime, we gain a new perspective on 2d-Ricci flow on topological spheres. It turns out that in this setting, Ricci flow is equivalent to a null mean curvature flow first studied by Roesch–Scheuer along null hypersurfaces. Exploiting this equivalence, we can translate well-known results from 2d-Ricci flow first proven by Hamilton into a full classification of the singularity models for null mean curvature flow in the Minkowski lightcone. Conversely, we obtain a new proof of Hamilton’s classical result using only the maximum principle.
Microbial dynamics with CRC progression: a study of the mucosal microbiota at multiple sites in cancers, adenomatous polyps, and healthy controls
Authors: Senthakumaran Thulasika , Moen Aina E. F. , Tannæs Tone M. , Endres Alexander , Brackmann Stephan A. , Rounge Trine B. , Bemanian Vahid , Tunsjø Hege S.
Published: January 2023

Accumulating evidence has related the gut microbiota to colorectal cancer (CRC). Fusobacterium nucleatum has repeatedly been linked to colorectal tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate microbial composition in different sampling sites, in order to profile the microbial dynamics with CRC progression. Further, we characterized the tumor-associated F. nucleatum subspecies. Here, we conducted Illumina Miseq next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA V4 region in biopsy samples, to investigate microbiota alterations in cancer patients, patients with adenomatous polyp, and healthy controls in Norway. Further, Fusobacterium positive tumor biopsies were subjected to MinION nanopore sequencing of Fusobacterium-specific amplicons to characterize the Fusobacterium species and subspecies. We found enrichment of oral biofilm-associated bacteria, Fusobacterium, Gemella, Parvimonas, Granulicatella, Leptotrichia, Peptostreptococcus, Campylobacter, Selenomonas, Porphyromonas, and Prevotella in cancer patients compared to adenomatous polyp patients and control patients. Higher abundance of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) classified as Phascolarctobacterium, Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides plebeius, Bacteroides eggerthii, Tyzzerella, Desulfovibrio, Frisingicoccus, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group, and Lachnospiraceae were identified in cancer and adenomatous polyp patients compared to healthy controls. F. nucleatum ssp. animalis was the dominating subspecies. F. nucleatum ssp. nucleatum, F. nucleatum ssp. vincentii, Fusobacterium pseudoperiodonticum, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and Fusobacterium gonidiaformans were identified in five samples. Several biofilm-associated bacteria were enriched at multiple sites in cancer patients. Another group of bacteria was enriched in both cancer and polyps, suggesting that they may have a role in polyp development and possibly early stages of CRC.