bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La educación con personas jóvenes y adultas. Aportes de la educación popular
Authors: Hernández Flores Gloria Elvira
Published: October 2024

El artículo explora la educación de personas jóvenes y adultas desde una perspectiva de educación popular, resaltando su capacidad para generar posibilidades de transformación mediante acciones comunitarias que construyen saberes y prácticas, incluso en espacios institucionalizados. El objetivo es posicionar estos saberes, habitualmente desarrollados en los márgenes de lo público, dentro de instancias gubernamentales. Las reflexiones provienen de investigaciones realizadas en el Estado de México, que utilizan metodologías horizontales e investigación cualitativa, junto con enfoques teóricos de la educación popular y aportes de teorías sociales, pedagógicas y de la comunicación. El análisis se centra en cuatro ejes: la educación con jóvenes y adultos desde la educación popular, la educación desde y para la vida, el vínculo pedagógico y las formas que adoptan los procesos educativos en este contexto. Se concluye que es necesario reivindicar las prácticas y saberes de la educación en espacios gubernamentales, con una crítica a las acciones verticales y una promoción de encuentros que construyan significados en estos espacios. Además, se proponen iniciativas para fomentar transformaciones tanto individuales como colectivas, que impacten las subjetividades de los participantes y amplíen las posibilidades de cambio educativo.
Effect of Grain Size on Steam Oxidation for Shot-Peened Stainless Steels
Authors: Nishiyama Y. , Iseda A. , Yoshizawa M. , Matsumoto S. , Igarashi M.
Published: October 2024

The growth behavior of oxide scale in a laboratory steam environment has been conducted for the shot-peened 18Cr-8Ni stainless steels differing in grain size. Both steels (fine grained and coarse grained) have demonstrated almost the same steam oxidation behavior reacted at 700°C for up to 2000h, which had excellent oxidation resistance due to formation of a protective Cr2O3 scale. After the exposure of 4000h, however, nodule-like oxide occurred on the coarse grained steel, while the fine grained steel still remained the uniform Cr2O3 scale. These behaviors well explained in terms of changes of the outward Cr flux due to recovery and recrystallization of the deformed structure. This result has proven that the shot-peened tube composed of fine grain structure is capable of combat against the steam oxidation at high temperatures.
In Situ Corrosion Testing of Ultrasupercritical Tube and Weld Overlay Materials
Authors: Robitz E. S. , Tanzosh J. M.
Published: October 2024

The Department of Energy and Ohio Coal Development Office jointly sponsored research to evaluate materials for advanced ultrasupercritical (A-USC) coal power plants, testing both monolithic tube materials and weld overlay combinations under real operating conditions. Testing was conducted in the highly corrosive, high-sulfur coal environment of Reliant Energy's Niles Plant Unit 1 boiler in Ohio. After 12 months of exposure, researchers evaluated six monolithic tube materials and twelve weld overlay/tube combinations for their high-temperature strength, creep resistance, and corrosion resistance in both steam-side and fire-side environments. Among the monolithic materials, Inconel 740 demonstrated superior corrosion resistance with the lowest wastage rate, while EN72 emerged as the most effective weld overlay material across various substrates, offering consistent protection against corrosion.
Materials Performance of Oxyfuel Turbine Alloys
Authors: Holcomb G. R. , Wang P.
Published: October 2024

Oxyfuel combustion efforts to burn fossil fuels with oxygen, for easier post-combustion CO2 capture, include schemes to use flue gas to drive turbines for power generation. The environment examined here is 10% CO2 and 0.2% O2, with the balance being steam, with temperatures ranging from 630 to 821 °C. The relatively high C and O2 activities of this environment, as compared to pure steam, may lead to changes in oxidation behavior and mechanical properties. Oxidation coupons of Ni- and Co-base superalloys, in both bare metal and TBC coated conditions, were exposed to this environment for up to 1000 hours. The results of these exposures, in terms of mass gain and scale morphology, are presented.
Effect of Grain Size on Mechanical Properties of Ni-Fe Base Superalloy for Advanced USC Turbine Rotor Materials
Authors: Ohsaki Satoru , Takahashi Tatsuya , Imano Shinya , Sato Jun , Saito Eiji
Published: October 2024

The effect of grain size after solution treatment on the mechanical properties of FENIX-700, including its cooling rate, was investigated. In addition, the dependance of precipitation observed at grain boundaries on the heat treatment conditions was also discussed on the basis of the results of microstructure observations. It was confirmed that the tensile ductility, the creep rupture ductility, and the absorbed energy decreased as the grain size increased. The creep rupture strength, in contrast, increased remarkably as the grain size increased. The tensile strength increased as the cooling rate increased. Experimental results showed that satisfactory mechanical properties would be obtained for a grain size of ASTM G.S.No. 1.0-3.0.
Key Life Management Issues with Grade 91 Steel
Authors: Parker Jonathan , Coleman Kent
Published: October 2024

Recent evidence suggests that using hardness as the sole acceptance criterion for Grade 91 steels is inadequate for predicting service performance. Components can achieve acceptable initial hardness values through heat treatment despite suboptimal elemental composition, leading to poor tempering resistance and unexpectedly low creep strength during service. Paradoxically, some components with lower initial hardness may perform better due to slower degradation rates. While the relationship between parent material properties and Type IV cracking susceptibility remains under investigation, heat-affected zones (HAZ) in welds are emerging as primary locations for service failures. This complexity emphasizes the need for comprehensive evaluation criteria incorporating stress, temperature, and material properties when assessing component serviceability.
Evaluation of Nanocrystalline MCrAl Coatings for Power Plants
Authors: Cheruvu N. S. , Wei R. , Shingledecker J. , Gandy D.W.
Published: October 2024

Over the past two decades there has been considerable interest in the development of coatings with finer microstructures approaching nanometer scale because these coatings are more resistant to high-temperature oxidation and corrosion than their counterpart conventional coatings. Long-term cyclic oxidation behavior of nanocrystalline FeCrNiAl and NiCrAl coatings were evaluated at different temperatures and the results showed that ultra-fine grain structure promoted selective oxidation of Al during thermal exposure. The protective Al2O3 scale formed on these coatings with Al content as low as 3 wt.% and exhibited excellent spallation resistance during thermal cycling. The nanocrystalline NiCrAl coating showed significantly higher oxidation resistance compared to the conventional plasma sprayed NiCoCrAlY and PWA 286 coatings. However, the Al content in the nanocrystalline coatings was consumed in relatively short time due to inward and outward diffusion of Al. Variation of oxide-scale spallation resistance during thermal cycling and the rate of Al consumption between the nanocrystalline and plasma sprayed coatings are compared.
Abradable Coatings Development and Validation Testing for Application on Steam Turbine Components
Authors: Sporer Dieter , Wilson Scott , Fiala Petr , Schuelein Ruediger
Published: October 2024

Abradability, erosion and steam oxidation tests were conducted on commercial and experimental abradable coatings in order to evaluate their suitability for applications in steam turbines. Steam oxidation tests were carried out on free-standing top coat samples as well as coating systems consisting of a bond and an abradable top coat. Mapping of the abradability performance under widely varied seal strip incursion conditions was carried out for a candidate abradable coating that showed good steam oxidation performance in combination with good erosion resistance. The abradability tests were carried out on a specially designed test rig at elevated temperatures. The steam oxidation analysis combined with the abradability mapping results provide a potentially improved seal coating system that can be integrated into existing steam turbine designs for various seal locations. Such design integration is easily achieved and can be applied to steam turbine components that are sprayed in dedicated coating shops or even at the site of final turbine assembly.
Sigma Phase Precipitation in 347HFG Stainless Steel for Supercritical Power Plant Operation
Authors: West D. , Hulance J. , Higginson R.L. , Wilcox G.
Published: October 2024

The microstructural evolution has been investigated for an 18Cr-12Ni stainless steel (347HFG) that has been subject to a thermo-mechanical treatment to obtain a fine grain size (ASTM 7-10). In particular, sigma phase precipitation and growth has been evaluated. Samples of 347HFG stainless steel have been isothermally heat treated to reproduce and accelerate the ageing conditions experienced in-service at temperatures between 600 and 750 °C for up to 10,000 hours. Results have shown that sigma phase is precipitated at triple points and along grain boundaries after as little as 1000 hours which is contrary to thermodynamic predictions. In addition X-ray diffraction (XRD) and image analysis has been carried out to semi-quantitatively measure the amount of sigma phase present. The area fraction of sigma has been found to be 2.77 and 2.23 percent at 700 and 750 °C respectively. This is a higher volume fraction of sigma phase than has been previously observed in regular 347H at these conditions. It is thought that this is due to the reduced grain size that has provided an increase in nucleation sites and diffusion paths that can enhance the precipitation and growth of sigma phase. The results from this study are discussed with regards to the effect of precipitation on the service life of a 347HFG stainless steel tube operating in advanced supercritical boilers.
Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Zhu Yu
Published: October 2024

Presentation slides for the ISTFA 2024 Tutorial session “Transmission Electron Microscopy.”
TEM Sample Preparation for Electron Microscopy Characterization and Failure Analysis of Advanced Semiconductor Devices
Authors: Bonifacio Cecile S.
Published: October 2024

Presentation slides for the ISTFA 2024 Tutorial session “TEM Sample Preparation for Electron Microscopy Characterization and Failure Analysis of Advanced Semiconductor Devices.”
Advanced FIB/SEM Sample Preparation and Analysis Techniques (2024 Update)
Authors: Subramanian Sam , Yi Eric , Ly Khiem , Petri Charles , Chrastecky Tony , Levenson Jacob , Agny Rohin
Published: October 2024

Presentation slides for the ISTFA 2024 Tutorial session “Advanced FIB/SEM Sample Preparation and Analysis Techniques (2024 Update).”
Fundamentals and Emerging Capabilities: 3D X-Ray Imaging for Semiconductor Advanced Package Failure Analysis
Authors: Hartfield Cheryl
Published: October 2024

Presentation slides for the ISTFA 2024 Tutorial session “Fundamentals and Emerging Capabilities: 3D X-Ray Imaging for Semiconductor Advanced Package Failure Analysis.”
Cybersecurity na internacionalização digital das empresas
Authors:   , Belico Alexandre Alves
Published: October 2024

The objective of this study was to describe the capabilities associated with information security (IS) that provide greater digital protection to companies in the financial segment in the process of internationalization. In 2016, the Central Bank of Bangladesh suffered an attack that resulted in the loss of 81 million dollars through the SWIFT network, exposing serious vulnerabilities in international payment systems (SWIFT, 2016). A more recent case occurred in 2021, when the Banco de Brasília (BRB) was the target of a Ransomware attack, which temporarily interrupted its operations and put sensitive customer data at risk, highlighting the growing threat of Ransomware to financial institutions (BRB, 2021). These incidents highlight the critical need for integrated cybersecurity to protect the global operations of financial institutions. Thus, a descriptive and qualitative study was planned to explore the information security practices applied in the internationalization of companies. The research establishes a parallel between Cybersecurity and the theories: resource-based view (RBV) and Internationalization of companies. Eleven semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts, information security consultants, CISOs, and managers of security operations centers in the financial market. The interviews were transcribed and supplemented with direct observations and document analysis to allow data triangulation. Interviewees were selected based on their capabilities, involvement, and experience in corporate cybersecurity. The assessment tool included fifteen questions, organized into five dimensions: Organizational Capabilities, People Management, Physical Assets, Technology Tools, and Strategy. The results, grouped by dimension, reveal a new concept that we call “Cybersecurity Capability in Internationalization” (CCI), representing the critical capabilities needed for companies to internationalize with more robust protection
Religious, spiritual worldview of the Kazakhs and its influence on society: historical analysis
Authors:   Akhmet Yassawi University, Galia Myrzakhmet , Galia Alpysbayeva , Dinara Danabekova
Published: October 2024

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the fact that at present there is a steady growth of public and scientific attention to the spiritual, cultural heritage of Kazakhstan, as well as to the history and modern problems of spiritual life. In this regard, the article examines the history of the spread of Islam in Kazakhstan, analyzes the activities of the Muslim clergy and the specifics of the religious and spiritual worldview of the Kazakhs. The authors of this article reveal the specific, ethnic features of the religious and spiritual life of the Kazakhs and the influence of economic and everyday factors on it.
Determinants of private investment contracts in the basic sanitation sector: evidence for developing countries
Authors: Borges Dianifer Leal , Nobre Fernandez Rodrigo , Djissey Shikida Cláudio , De Andrade Costa Luciana
Published: October 2024

Investment in infrastructure, including universal access to water and sanitation services, is crucial for improving the quality of life and promoting economic development. Access to clean water and proper sanitation is particularly important for public health. This article, based on the work of Yehoue et al. (2006)and Sharma (2012), explores the factors that determine the number of private investment contracts in the basic sanitation sector. The study employs an empirical analysis, utilizing a panel of developing countries over the period of 2003-2016, and employs the Zero Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) counting estimator to examine the number of contracts in the sanitation sector. Additionally, for robustness analysis, we also analyze the Negative Binomial, Poisson, and Zero Inflated Poisson (ZIP)models. The results of the study indicate that the  macroeconomic environment, foreign investment, and political environment are the key factors that influence the number of private investment contracts in the sector.
Produtividade total dos fatores e despesas públicas dos estados brasileiros: uma aplicação de dados em painel
Authors: Silva Yago Ramalho , Monte Edson Zambon
Published: October 2024

Este trabalho objetivou verificar as relações entre a produtividade total dos fatores (PTF) dos estados brasileiros e suas despesas públicas por funções, a saber: judiciário; legislativo;  administração/planejamento; educação e cultura; indústria, comércio e serviços; ciência e tecnologia; assistência social e previdência; e, saúde. As análises compreenderam o período de 2003 a 2018, sendo que, para as estimações econométricas, a metodologia de dados em painel foi adotada. Variáveis de controle foram utilizadas para dar robustez aos resultados. Os resultados revelaram que a maioria das despesas não apresentou relação significativa com a produtividade total dos fatores, com exceção das despesas com a saúde e o  judiciário, mas que tiveram correlações relativamente pequenas.
Islamic Elementary School Marketing Model In Pekanbaru: The Impact Of Digitalization Of Education
Authors: Sakban Sakban , Lisman Muhammad , Marni Susi , Wismanto
Published: October 2024

Elementary Schools play a strategic role in educating Human Resources (HR). Therefore, proper governance is the keyword for sustainability for Institutions, both State and Private. The emergence of the era of disruption is a test of every governance of educational and non-educational institutions. Adaptation to technological developments is the only solution for the legitimacy of institutional sustainability. The gap in digital marketing research in elementary schools and the absence of a role model for the concept of a digital marketing model for elementary schools make this research very strategic at this time, especially in the city of Pekanbaru which has many private elementary schools. Analysis of the research journal matrix using Vosviewer accessed through the Elsevier Scopus journal and Google Schooler digital marketing or digitalization for elementary school management is research that has been the focus of researchers to date and has many opportunities to be used as research studies that show that this research is part of what will fill the research gap. The purpose of this study is to reveal how digital technology influences Integrated Islamic Elementary Schools (SD IT), especially in the field of school marketing. Analyze opportunities and challenges and find a digital marketing model for elementary schools. This study uses a qualitative method using the Notions Of Sensing And Responding theory. So the findings of this study are that the development of digital technology has changed the promotion model that leads to digital marketing. This is reinforced by the school's response and the initiatives taken by the school in adopting and developing digital marketing.
Xenobiotic-contaminated water and its impact on animal metabolism
Authors: Ahmadi Mirela , Pet Ioan , Dumitrescu Gabi , Dronca Dorel , Kalinin Ihor
Published: October 2024

The relevance of this research arises from the fact that, despite the significant scientific and technological advancements humanity has achieved, it has not yet learned to use it carefully and rationally. Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation of the planet, a sharp increase in its population, intensive chemicalisation of agriculture, and the intensification of many other types of anthropogenic pressure on nature have disrupted the circulation of substances and natural energy exchange processes in the biosphere, damaged its regenerative mechanisms, and as a result, its progressive destruction has begun. This research review aimed to present some of the main impacts of water quality on metabolism in animal organisms within the concept of “One Health”. The leading method for studying this problem is a review of recent literature. Typically, xenobiotics are chemical compounds that enter the body and are not formed as a result of metabolic pathway reactions. In this regard, water contaminated with xenobiotics enters the body with drinking water or food, and this does not apply to metabolic water, which is formed as a result of chemical reactions. Thus, along with the consumption of water due to hydration, other various chemical substances may enter the body, which are usually not present in drinking water. However, the type of chemical substances, as well as their quantity, are criteria that can transform water from a basic nutrient into a harmful product. Soil and water play an important role in the chemical composition of food or feed that grows in the soil, and the metabolism of plants or plant consumers can be balanced or unbalanced depending on the quality and quantity of water. The materials of the article have practical significance for elucidating the biological mechanisms of xenobiotic elimination and preserving the health of animals and humans
Diagnostic studies for enterotoxaemia in rabbits
Authors: Kaziyev Zhambyl , Holopura Serhii , Tsvilikhovskyi Mykola , Boyko Natalia , Ushkalov Artem
Published: October 2024

The relevance of this study is highlighted by the occurrence of enterotoxaemia in rabbits, particularly caused by Clostridium perfringens, in the context of industrial rabbit farming. The research aimed to determine the causes of morbidity and increased mortality in young rabbits during the growing period. The study involved a stepwise analysis of feed samples, clinical examination of rabbits reared in an industrial rabbit farm, and laboratory examination of the obtained biological material. Additionally, to establish a diagnosis and provide the farm with appropriate recommendations regarding the maintenance and prevention of rabbit diseases, the health status of the rabbits, the causes of digestive disorders with symptoms of diarrhoea and increased mortality under production conditions were analysed. Clinical, haematological, pathological, microbiological, and statistical research methods were used. In diseased rabbits, an increase in rectal body temperature, symptoms of diarrhoea, and in some animals, seizures were established. Several animals succumbed to the disease. During laboratory blood tests of the rabbits, moderate anaemia was detected, with a decrease in the number of erythrocytes and a reduction in haemoglobin content. There was also a disturbance in the qualitative composition of erythrocytes, including the presence of poikilocytosis and altered erythrocyte forms: acanthocytes, echinocytes, schistocytes, dacryocytes, keratocytes, and drepanocytes. A decrease in the immune status of the rabbits was characterised by a reduction in the total number of leukocytes and lymphocytes in the blood and a low neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Biochemical analysis of rabbit serum revealed a decrease in glucose levels below the physiological range and an increase in the activity of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Results of post-mortem examinations of the deceased rabbits indicated the presence of gas-filled small intestines, with a fluid content and no macroscopic signs of inflammation. The feed provided to the rabbits on the farm was found to contain sulphite-reducing clostridia, specifically Clostridium perfringens. Identifying the causes of morbidity and mortality in rabbits will enable the selection of appropriate methods for preventing deaths within specific farming conditions
Strategic management of diplomatic engagements, security policies, economic initiatives, and cultural influence: Analyzing Pakistan’s leadership role in South Asia's geopolitical stability
Authors: Jadoon Saqfa , Naseem Imran , Khan Muhammad Bahar , Khan Gul Faraz , Zaman Khalid
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the numerous crucial factors affecting Pakistan's strategic importance in South Asia, including economic pursuits, cultural influence, security measures, and diplomatic relations. The research uses a mixed methods approach to identify significant relationships between these traits and the perceived effectiveness of Pakistan's regional initiatives. The findings indicate that security protocols negatively impact Pakistan's strategic importance; however, they are positively influenced by economic initiatives and cultural presence in South Asia. Demographic parameters such as age and educational level strongly affect perceptions of Pakistan's regional influence. The study highlights cultural, political, and economic factors that bolster or undermine Pakistan's global stature. Policymakers seeking to enhance Pakistan's regional influence should regard these implications with gravity. The study offers valuable policy recommendations for addressing current challenges and enhances our understanding of South Asian geopolitics.
Factors Affecting Employee's Loyalty in Banking Sector: A Case of a Local Bank in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Unnisa Hurmat , Kakar Rahmat Ullah , Rahat Uroosa
Published: October 2024

Employees' loyalty in the banking sector in Karachi, Pakistan remains a critical issue because less skilled employees' performances have declined its market share. Human resource (HR) management strives to create long-term relationships with employees by motivating them through salary plans, better supervision, increased motivation, and enhanced passion. This empirical study utilized qualitative phenomenology to investigate the phenomenon of loyalty and develop the model of factors stimulating loyalty among employees, enlightening the HR on employee retention, consequently. The data were accumulated through convenience sampling among employees at a local bank utilizing open-ended interviews and thematic analysis. The findings confirm that salary plans, supervision, financial rewards, and personal traits stimulate loyalty among employees while motivation and satisfaction moderate the phenomenon in consideration. The research is useful for the banking sector to keep employees loyal and build long-term relationships with them.
Harnessing the Potential: Industries Relocation and Export Promotion within the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Memon Irfan Ahmed , Sikander Faryal , Soomro Rabia Parveen
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the possibility of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and their impact on industry relocation and export performance. It defines promising industries based on features such as cost advantage, infrastructure, trade environment enhancements, and customs modernization. Enhanced infrastructure, Special Economic Zones (SEZs), and transport and energy projects underpin industrial relocation and trade. Thus, using Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR4.0) auto innovative technologies integrated into Gwadar Port enhances productivity and plays strategic importance. The research outcomes can help policymakers and investors leverage CPEC and BRI prospects to improve Pakistan's exports.
Defect crystal structure of α-Na0.5-xR0.5+xF2+2x (R = Dy-Lu, Y) on X-Ray and electron diffraction data. I. MethoD of Defect structure modelling on the α-Na0.35Dy0.65F2.30 example
Authors: Sulyanova E. A. , Sobolev B. P. , Nikolaichik V. I. , Avilov A. S.
Published: October 2024

For the first time, the crystal α-Na0.35Dy0.65F2.30 was studied using X-ray diffraction at 293 K and 85 K and electron diffraction at 293 K. A unified cluster model of the defective structure of nanostructured crystals with a fluorite-type structure, based on the polymorphism of ordered phases KR3F10 (R = Er, Yb), was expanded with a matrix part model based on the structure of the KYF4 compound. The unified cluster model was applied to construct the defective structure of α-Na0.35Dy0.65F2.30. It was found that the matrix part of the crystal contains Na+ и Dy3+ cations in a 1:1 ratio. Some of the anions in the matrix are displaced to the 32f positions (space group Fm3m). The excess Dy3+ forms octahedral-cubic clusters with Na+ [Na14–nDynF64+n] with cores in the form of distorted and regular cuboctahedrons {F12}. These are composed of interstitial anions in two 32f positions and one 48i position. The cluster component of the α-Na0.35Dy0.65F2.30 crystal contains octahedral-cubic clusters of f-, f–i- and i-types. Electron diffraction showed that α-Na0.35Dy0.65F2.30 is a nanostructured crystal. Its cluster component is in the form of plate-like inclusions about 5 nm thick with superstructural ordering and individual octahedral-cubic clusters. A model of their structure was proposed. Lowering the temperature to 85 K increases the number of interstitial F(32f)1 anions in the matrix component of the crystal.
Crystals morphology of ethylenediaminetetraacetatozincate triethylenediaminium and tetramethylethylenediaminium
Authors: Semenov V. V. , Zolotareva N. V. , Lazarev N. M. , Petrov B. I. , Lopatina T. I. , Razov E. N.
Published: October 2024

Trimethylenediamine ethylenediaminetetraacetate zincate trihydrate [HN(CH2CH2)3NH]ZnL · 3H2О and tetramethylethylenediamine ethylenediaminetetraacetate zincate dihydrate [H(CH3)2NCH2CH2N(CH3)2H]ZnL · 2H2О were synthesized by reacting zinc oxide with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (H4L) and then with its triethylenediamine or tetramethylethylenediamine salts. The resulting compounds precipitate from aqueous or organic solvents in the form of thread-like, cubic and pyramidal crystals, which are characterized by elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry.
Polarity of reticular faces and the thermodynamic state of the face system of a crystal
Authors: Admakin L. A. , Admakin A. L.
Published: October 2024

A new concept is introduced into crystallography – the polarity of the reticular faces of a crystal. Reticular faces are divided into basic and additional. The basal faces, systematic in a facet system, only increase as the crystal grows. The shape of the crystal is invariant, stable within the limits of its stability and does not affect the state of its equilibrium. Additional faces, on the contrary, shrink and disappear, and therefore are variable extensive parameters of the facet system. They do not form their own system and associate with the basic ones, determining the variation of the facet system. The polar system is nonequilibrium, spontaneously and irreversibly transforms into the final basic facet system and is in quasi-static equilibrium. The habit of a basic crystal of an invariant shape changes during its growth according to the mechanism of translational symmetry.
Motion onset responses elicited by sound stimuli with interaural level differences
Authors: Shestopalova L. B. , Petropavlovskaia Е. А.
Published: October 2024

We studied the evoked responses of the human brain elicited by the onset of sound motion (motion-onset response, MOR). Sound motion was created by means of linear changes in the interaural level differences (ILD). The structure of the ILD-related MOR was similar to that reported in the studies which used changes in the interaural time delay. The amplitude of the cN1 component increased with sound velocity, regardless of motion direction, and the cP2 deflection increased only in the case of motion from the center to the periphery. The amplitude of both cP1 and cN2 components did not depend on motion velocity. Centrifugal motion evoked a stronger MOR than centripetal motion, which corresponds to the hemifield model of lateralization (i.e. opponent channels model). Our findings suggest that motion direction (towards the center or towards the periphery) was reflected in the MOR potential in a wider time interval than velocity.
Investigation of the corrosion behavior of 29NC alloy in LiCl-KCl melt at 500 oC depending on the content of Li2O and LiOH from 0 to 2 mol. %
Authors: Seliverstov K. E. , Nikitina E. V. , Karfidov E. A. , Filatov A. A. , Dedyukhin A. E.
Published: October 2024

Molten chloride salt electrolytes are promising for use as a working medium for the implementation of high-temperature technologies. Alkali metal chlorides are an aggressive environment in relation to structural materials. One of the possible methods of reducing the corrosion damage of a structural material is the method of oxygen passivation of the surface of a metal or alloy by introducing a certain amount of oxygen-containing additives into the melt. The article considers the effect of oxygen-containing impurities (lithium oxide and lithium hydroxide) on the corrosive behavior of a metal material — an alloy of the composition iron–cobalt–nickel. To assess the corrosion resistance of materials, gravimetric analysis, micro-X-ray spectral analysis (XRSA) of the surface and cross-section sections, and X-ray phase analysis (XRF) of the sample surface were used. The dependences of the corrosion rate of the material on the concentration of oxygen-containing additives Li2O and LiOH are presented. Based on the data set of gravimetric, MRSA and XRF data, it was found that 29NC alloy samples in the LiCl–KCl–nLi2O salt melt are not susceptible to corrosion, but in the LiCl–KCl–nLiOH melt, the speed of the 29NC alloy increases significantly due to the interaction of the LiOH additive with the most electronegative component of the alloy — iron.
THE USE OF GIS TECHNOLOGY IN THE STUDY OF MINERAL DEPOSITS OF SEDIMENTARY ORIGIN OF THE KHMELNYTSKYI REGION
Authors: Mironova Natalya , Artamonov Boris ,   Khmelnytskyi National University
Published: October 2024

Subsoil use in Ukraine, unfortunately, has many unresolved problems. With open mining, the integration of the geological environment is violated, soil and vegetation cover is removed on large areas, aquifers are disturbed, the terrain is changed, overburden dumps and technical reservoirs are created. This, in turn, leads to a number of negative environmental consequences, including violation of the hydrological regime and siltation of water bodies, increased water and wind erosion, changes in the microclimate, forest degradation, and decreased soil fertility in territories adjacent to mining allotment sites. Today, geographic information systems (GIS) are the most effective tool for understanding and describing a constantly changing geographical environment. The Department of Ecology and Biological Education of Khmelnytskyi National University together with the Center for Special Information Reception and Processing and Navigation Field Control are working on creating a database of quarries of Khmelnytskyi region. To this end, the daily reception and processing of data from artificial satellites of the Earth was carried out as part of the creation of an information-analytical system, one of the issues of which is the monitoring of man-made objects. This made it possible to determine an algorithm for studying the state of sedimentary mineral quarries using GIS technologies, namely, according to Earth remote sensing data and ground-based measurements. The proposed methodology, in our opinion, will solve a number of problems in this direction, and the formation of a database of the status of open pit mining in the region will allow for the organization of control over subsoil use, as well as the timely adoption of scientifically sound management decisions to optimize and develop anthropogenically disturbed landscapes in the Khmelnytskyi region.
ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДИЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ОЦІНКИ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙ В ОХОРОНУ НАВКОЛИШНЬОГО ПРИРОДНОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА
Authors: ЛАБЕНКО Олександр , КЛИМЕНКО Максим
Published: October 2024

The article clarifies that the volume of capital investment increase in environmental protection directly depends on financing due to depreciation and retained earnings, as well as on the attraction of private financial resources. The components of expenses for environmental protection have been studied, including: capital investments and current expenses.
The concepts “capital investments in environmental protection”, “ecological investments”, “ecologically-oriented investments” and “nature-reproducing investments” have been summarized. The main sources of financing investments in environmental protection have been investigated. It has been found that, according to statistical data, the assessment of capital investments in environmental protection includes the analysis of: atmospheric air protection and climate change problems; treatment of return water; waste management; protection and rehabilitation of soil, underground and surface waters; other measures. The evaluation of the level of investments in environmental protection efficiency, which is carried out according to indicators for the analyzed period, has been provided. The volumes of capital investments and current costs for environmental protection in the processing industry of Ukraine for 2017-2021 have been analyzed. The share of costs for environmental protection at the expense of state and local budgets for 2017-2021 has been analyzed. It has been determined that the planning of the activities of industrial enterprises is carried out within the framework of the developed Target Program for the greening of production in any region of Ukraine, as coordinated, complex actions within the territorial and production entities allow to reduce the anthropogenic load on the surrounding natural environment.
It has been established that among the most relevant options for greening the production of industrial enterprises are the following: modernization of treatment equipment and treatment facilities, introduction of low-waste and zero-waste innovative technologies into production. It has been established that in order to approve options for greening the production of domestic industrial enterprises, a preliminary analysis of their feasibility is first carried out by the method of expert evaluations according to parameters.
НАПРЯМИ ТА ІНСТРУМЕНТИ РОЗВИТКУ ЗОВНІШНЬОЇ ТОРГІВЛІ УКРАЇНИ З КРАЇНАМИ ЄС
Authors: МОТУЗКА Олена , СКИБА Галина
Published: October 2024

The article highlights the importance of the active development of Ukraine's foreign trade with EU countries, with the aim of exiting and strengthening competitive positions in European markets and simultaneously reducing import dependence on European manufacturers. The purpose of the article is the scientific substantiation of the theoretical-methodical and applied foundations of the development of Ukraine's foreign trade with the EU countries, which will take into account a wide list of directions and instruments by which trade activity will be regulated and its promotion to foreign markets. The positive consequences of the creation of platforms for the development of Ukraine's foreign trade with EU countries have been identified. The weighty importance of the deepened and comprehensive free trade zone with European countries is proven and the expected results and negative changes that may occur in the deepening of European integration trade relations are listed. It is obvious that Ukraine, being in the current conditions, needs quick solutions, but looking at the expected post-war recovery, the issue of choosing directions and tools for the development of foreign trade with EU countries will be of critical importance. The obtained conclusions defined the toolkit, the implementation of which will ensure the achievement of the expected results in the development of Ukraine's foreign trade with the EU countries. The importance of developing the Strategy for the development of Ukraine's foreign trade with EU countries is emphasized and a set of target guidelines that must be followed in their implementation is highlighted. Important characteristics of the development of foreign trade relations are the institutional readiness of the national economy to adapt to globalization changes, to overcome hybrid threats, to strengthen competitive positions, which collectively forms the ability of domestic businesses to enter foreign markets, attract the necessary foreign financing of progressive projects, gain access to new technologies, etc.
МЕХАНІЗМ ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ СИСТЕМОЮ НАДАННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНИХ ПОСЛУГ У КОНТЕКСТІ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ КРАЇНИ
Authors: ЖАВОРОНОК Артур , ТУЛЬЧИНСЬКА Світлана
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the disclosure of the mechanisms of state management of the system of providing social services in the context of ensuring economic security of the country. The system of providing social services was formed to support and to help the population of the country who found themselves in difficult life circumstances. The system of providing social services is formed from a set of subjects involved in the process of providing social services. The principles of social services provision are defined. The current conditions of Ukraine's development, martial law, social and economic crisis are prompting Ukrainian society to look for ways to optimize the system of social services. The mechanism of state management of the system of social services provision is revealed. The mechanism of regulatory and legal support of the system of social services provision is characterized. The author analyzes the organizational mechanism of public administration of the system of social services. It is established that the responsible authorities in the system of social services provision are: central authorities (the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine), local executive authorities (local state administrations) and local self-government authorities (local councils of territorial communities). According to Ukrainian legislation, local community councils play a crucial role in providing basic social services to the population, directly influence the process of service delivery and cooperate with recipients of social services. Therefore, the quality of the state's social functions depends on the effectiveness of building a system of social services at the local level. The problems and ways to improve the mechanism of public administration of the system of social services are identified. In particular, there is a need to develop a unified or well-defined approach to the formation of social local self-government authorities, create technical capacities for the submission of documents by recipients of social services, and simplify the bureaucratic approach to the registration of personal files of recipients of social services and ensure the efficiency of these processes in the context of ensuring economic security of the country.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF APPROACHES TO DETERMINING THE CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS FOR COVERING INVESTMENT RISKS IN PORTFOLIOS WITH INCLUSION OF ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENTS AND CRYPTOCURRENCIES
Authors: KAMINSKYI Andriy , BUTYLO Denys
Published: October 2024

У статті проаналізовано використання підходів до оцінки потреб інституційних інвесторів у покриття ризиків портфелів з включенням альтернативних інвестиційних активів та криптовалют. Досліджується розвиток підходів до управління інвестиційними ризиками, з акцентом на унікальні виклики та методології, пов'язані з альтернативними активами та цифровими валютами. Стаття оцінює різні економетричні та математичні інструменти, зосереджуючись на їх застосовності та точності у визначенні ризиків в контексті портфелів з включенням альтернативних інвестиційних активів та криптовалют як окремого їх класу. Результати дослідження надають уявлення про оптимізацію стратегій управління ризиками для комбінованих портфелів та пропонують комплексний підхід до розуміння та мінімізації інвестиційних ризиків у цій динамічній галузі в контексті різних типів портфелів, залежно від обраної інвестором стратегії.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STATE POLICY REGULATING THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN THE CARPATHIAN REGION OF UKRAINE
Authors: RAKOWSKA Joanna , IABLON Volodymyr
Published: October 2024

The article focuses on issues of theoretical and methodological foundations of functioning and development of tourism in the region. The general problems of the functioning and development of tourism in the Carpathian region of Ukraine are defined.  The purpose of the article is to characterize and identify problematic aspects of the state policy of regulating tourism development in the Carpathian region of Ukraine. It has been proven that the quality of the state policy regarding the formation and development of the tourist complex of the Carpathian region of Ukraine can be considered high and such that to a certain extent it contributed to the progress of this sector of the regional economy, the improvement of its institutional capacity, the development of infrastructure, etc. A separate strength of regional policy in this area should be considered the presence of specialized bodies at the level of regional state military administrations of all regions of the region, as well as the implementation of regional programs for the development of tourism and resorts. This is evidence of the institutionalization and practice of planning tourism development policy in the region. On the other hand, regional policy in the analyzed area is still characterized by such weaknesses as the limitation of statistical data, the absence of a system for monitoring quality parameters of the implementation and development of tourist activities in certain types of tourism; part of the measures envisaged by the regional tourism development programs are declarative, and their expected indicators are not scientifically based and are not forecast; a full-fledged institutional and organizational system for ensuring the development of tourism has not been built; the business environment is still not favorable for public investment in the tourism business; there is no system for monitoring the business environment, factors and obstacles to the functioning and development of elements of the tourist complex. The presence of these weak points activates the action of a number of challenges and threats, which can lead to the absence of data on the real state and trends of tourism development in the region, the shadowing of the activities of accommodation facilities, the strengthening of structural imbalances and the lack of systemic progress of the complex, the replacement of the initiating and coordinating functions of tourism administrations purely representative, chaotic development of individual segments of tourism as a whole.
МАКРО- ТА МІКРОЕКОНОМІЧНІ ОРІЄНТИРИ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ СФЕРИ ПОСЛУГ
Authors: МАЙБОРОДА Владислав
Published: October 2024

The article defines the conceptual characteristics of the economic efficiency of the entrepreneurial sector. According to the analysis of scientific works, it is proposed to divide the benchmarks for increasing the economic efficiency of enterprises in the service sector according to macro- and microeconomic characteristics. The significant influence of the state on increasing the economic efficiency of enterprises in the service sector is emphasized, and its interests include GDP growth and the expansion of the capacity of the domestic service market, an increase in the number of effectively functioning enterprises in the service sector and their investment and innovative technological activity, and an increase in the share of implementation of knowledge-intensive high-tech services in the sphere of services, increase of tax payments, insurance contributions and other mandatory payments by enterprises in the service sector, formation of a highly developed market infrastructure in the service sector, prevention of shadowing and monopolization of the business environment and development of fair competition in the service sector, improvement of the material situation and quality of life of the population, creation and increasing the number of new competitive jobs and diversifying the forms of employment of the population, etc. At the microeconomic level, the benchmarks for increasing the economic efficiency of enterprises in the service sector include increasing revenues and profits, improving financial stability, strengthening solvency and liquidity, increasing the profitability of service implementation, increasing business activity and improving competitive positions, improving the efficiency and intensity of the use of material and technical means, growth of investment activity and capitalization of business processes, etc.