bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Micellar Casein in Rennin Coagulation, Cheese Dehydration, and Ripening
Authors: Melnikova Elena , Bogdanova Ekaterina , Rudnichenko Elena , Chekmareva Mariya
Published: December 2023

Micellar casein concentrate is a promising fractionation agent in skimmed milk production. It preserves the native structure of protein and changes the ratio of casein and whey proteins. Micellar casein concentrate reduces the consumption of raw materials, which makes it a promising component of milk-intensive protein foods. The research objective was to study the effect of micellar casein concentrate on rennin coagulation, cl ot dehydration, and cheese ripening.

The study featured skimmed milk, micellar casein concentrate, normalized mixes, and cheese samples of the Rossiiskii brand. The chemical composition and properties were studied by standar d methods.

The optimal ratio of casein and whey proteins was 95:5. It reduced the initial gelation time, facilitated casein micelles destabilization and subsequent flocculation, accelerated syneresis, and improved clot stability. The high protein mass content made it possible to halve the stirring and boiling time, as well as to increase the yield of the finished product by 15%. In the experimental cheese, the starter cultures growth had a longer lag phase while the exponential phase started on ripening day 30. The experimental sample also demonstrated a better starter microflora survival on day 60, which resulted in a better amino acid composition of the finished product.

In this research, micellar casein concentrate was able to affect rennet coagulation, clot dehydration, and ripening. Its application in the standard technology for the Rossiiskii cheese required the following adjustments: a longer starter activation, starter cultures with high proteolytic activity and ability to hydrolyze bitter peptides, extra rennet, a two-fold reduction of second heating and stirring, and at least 45 days or ripening.
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase in Free-Ranging Male Moose Alces alces (Linnaeus 1758) of Different Age Groups
Authors: Perevozchikova Maria , Domsky Igor , Berezina Yulia , Sergeyev Alexey , Economov Alexandr
Published: December 2023

The moose has good prospects for hunting and game breeding. Peripheral blood indicators can provide information about their health status and adaptive capabilities, as well as non-infectious, infectious, and invasive pathologies. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity is one of the most common clinical biochem ical tests in this respect.

The study involved blood samples obtained from male moose (n = 75) of four age groups: calves aged 6–7 months, young animals of 18 months old, adults of 2.5–7.5 years old, and adults aged ≥ 8.5 years. The biomaterial sampling was carried out in October – December in the southern taiga subzone, Kirov Region. The blood samples were obtained by cutting the jugular vein (Venae jugularis) immediately after the animal was shot during legal hunting. The blood serum tests involved a semi-automatic biochemical analyzer (Biochem SA High Technology, USA).

The alkaline phosphatase activity in male European moose during different periods of ontogenesis demonstrated the following pattern. In the first months of life, the enzyme activity was as high as 222.16 ± 31.14 U/L. This process was typical of intense hydrolysis of organic phosphorus esters, including the exchange of macroergs caused by rapid osteogenesis. At 18 months, the demand for organophosphorus compounds in metabolic processes decreased (46.48 ± 44.09 U/L), as did the role of the enzyme in maintaining homeostasis. In adults of 2.5–7.5 years old, alkaline phosphatase activity dropped to 69.88 ± 11.31 U/L. In 8.5-year-old males, it was as low as 47.34 ± 4.74 U/L. All age groups demonstrated significant differences in alkaline phosphatase activity. Therefore, age had a significant effect on enzyme activity. The study also revealed a certain correlation between alkaline phosphatase activity and body weight.

The dynamics of alkaline phosphatase activity in ontogenesis reflected homeostatic changes in the moose body. Indicators of alkaline phosphatase activity can serve as an efficiency marker and an additional criterion in standard selection methods in zootechnical practice.
Cultivating Limnospira fusiformis from Lake Solenoye, Omsk
Authors: Moliboga Elena , Bazhenova Olga
Published: December 2023

Global food shortages make it necessary to look for alternative renewable bioresources. In the south of Western Siberia, the filamentous cyanoprokaryote Limnospira fusiformis triggers seasonal algae bloom in hypergaline alkaline Lake Solenoye. The species has valuable nutritional properties, and its phytomass is a potential source of proteins and biologically active substances. The O9.13F strain of L. fusiformis has a good potential as a bioadditive in animal feeding. The article offers a technology for cultivating O9.13F of L. fusiformis, isolated from Lake Solenoye. The research objectives were to establish the optimal cultivation conditions, medium, and periodicity.

The study featured strain O9.13F of filamentous cyanoprokaryote L. fusiformis. The micropipette method made it possible to isolate pure culture from water samples taken from Lake Solenoye, Omsk, Russia, at the end of algae bloom. The cultivation involved a UT-6070 climatic chamber under uniform illumination with light intensity 10–30 μmol photons/m2s and 12-h light-dark circle at 20 ± 2°C on various media: natural habitat – water from the Solenoye Lake; mineral medium – liquid Zarrouk’s medium; agarized Zarrouk’s medium; composite variants, where the ratio of mineral medium vs. water varied from 1:9 to 9:1.

Lake water inhibited the culture growth: the trichomes died and sank on day 10–15. Zarrouk’s agarized medium stopped the culture growth as early as on day 2. The most intensive growth and development of the culture was observed in the samples with Zarrouk’s mineral liquid medium and a composite mix of Zarrouk’s medium and sterilized water at a ratio of 5:5. Without stirring, full-fledged trichomes had no time to develop, and the increase in phytomass volume slowed down. O9.13F showed the highest rate of phytomass growth at a cultivation temperature of 20 ± 2°C and a light intensity of 10–30 μmol photons/m2s. The recommended light-dark circle was12:12 h. Zarrouk’s mineral liquid medium and a composite medium of Zarrouk’s medium and sterilized water proved to be optimal in a UT-6070 environmental chamber. Europolitext KV-06 or mechanical mixing could prevent sedimentation of phosphates after 20 days of cultivation. The optimal recultivation frequency was once every 5–7 days.

The new cultivation technology made it possible to obtain a significant volume of L. fusiformis phytomass in a short time and with low financial expenses.
Approaches to Developing New Complex Meat Products with Preset Qualitiy
Authors: Miroshnik Alexei , Gorlov Ivan , Slozhenkina Marina
Published: December 2023

A profitable meat-processing business relies on the rational use of its resources, which, in its turn, depends on the constant improvement of product formulations and development of new ones. These operations involve advanced analytical methods and complex approaches. The article introduces a review of modern technical solutions, methods, and approaches to modeling new complex meat products with preset quality indicators.

The review (1990–2022) involved research articles published in high-rated peer-reviewed research journals, educational literature, digital theses published by Russian Dissertation Councils, and patents registered by the Institute of Industrial Property.

The synchronic and diachronic analysis of basic principles of food product design and parametric modeling revealed no universal methodology for meat products development, both in terms of goals and applicability to different meat products types. Forecasting of finished meat products quality indicators requires relevant and accurate information, which is highly variable and fast-changing. Unfortunately, advanced information technologies are slow to adapt to the urgent tasks of the food industry.

As a result, the current methods for developing new complex meat product formulations are useless when meat producers have no access to relevant and self-updating databases on raw m aterials properties.
Raw Cured Poultry Meat Fortified with Bee Pollen: Biomedical Research on Laboratory Animals
Authors: Sukhov Maksim , Giro Tatiana , Kozlov Sergey , Ziruk Irina
Published: December 2023

Natural food additives can fortify meat products. Bee pollen, also known as beebread or ambrosia, contains amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, enzymes, etc. As a result, it possesses numerous therapeutic and prophylactic properties. Bee pollen has good prospects as a fortifying agent for jerky meat, i.e., lean and dehydrated trimmed meat cut into strips. This study tested dry-cured jerky meat fortified with bee pollen on rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced acute toxic hepatitis.

The research featured white non-linear laboratory rats. The control group obtained a standard diet. The experimental rats were induced with liver hepatitis by administering CCl4. On day 2, the experimental group was divided into three subgroups: experimental group I (standard diet + traditional jerky), experimental group II (standard diet + jerky fortified with bee pollen), and experimental group III (standard diet), which served as positive control. The research involved a MicroCC20Vet analyzer for hematological tests and a StatFax 3300 analyzer with Diacon DS diagnostic systems for biochemical tests. The histological analyses relied on the method developed by G.A. Merkulov.

The hematological parameters demonstrated no changes. As for the biochemistry, experimental groups I and II developed a protein content increase. On day 14, the concentration of protein and its fractions in experimental group II reached the level of intact animals. In experimental groups II and III, the total protein was significantly higher due to the globulin fraction as a result of inflammatory and destructive processes in the liver. However, the rats had normal live weight gain, and their liver demonstrated no histological deviations.

In this preclinical study, bee pollen as part of jerky meat formulation had no negative effect on laboratory rats. Bee pollen also proved its antioxidant properties.
Inorganic Acid Anions in Distilled Alcoholic Beverages: Capillary Electrophoresis with Conductometric Detection
Authors: Shelekhova Nataliya , Abramova Irina , Shelekhova Tamara
Published: December 2023

Distilled alcoholic drinks are popular all over the world. Monitoring the quality and safety of such drinks requires modern instrumental methods. Chemical composition of alcoholic beverages has become focus of numerous experimental and theoretical publications. However, this area remains understudied. This research provided an experimental confirmation of the capillary electrophoresis as a prospective method for determining anions in alcoholic beverages.

The study involved model solutions and 30 samples of distilled alcoholic beverages purchased by random sampling from a retail chain. The chemical analysis relied on a PrinCE 560 capillary electrophoresis system equipped with a conductometric detector.

The study revealed the working parameters for electrophoretic analysis that provided a selective qualitative and quantitative test of five target analytes in 9 min. The optimal composition of the buffer solution and the optimal electrolyte ratios were 30 mmol/dm3 L-Histidine and 30 mmol/dm3 2-(N-Morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid Monohydrate. The correlation between the peak area and the mass concentration was at 0.1–10 mg/dm3 for the target analytes. The approach proved effective in determining chloride, nitrate, sulfate, fluoride, and phosphate ions in whiskey, rum, tequila, moonshine, grain, and rum distillates. The study also included a comparative analysis of the qualitative and quantitative anion profiles in whiskey samples from different countries. All the samples contained 0.22–52.74 mg/dm3 chlorides, 0.60–0.06 mg/dm3 nitrates, 0.25–17.59 mg/dm3 sulfates, and 0.75–12.70 mg/dm3 phosphates.

Research prospects include a metrologically certified method to identify the anion composition of organic and inorganic acids in distilled alcoholic beverages.
Agricultural Technology for Phytophage and Phytopathogen Resistant Planting Material
Authors: Dyukova Evgenia , Ulyanova Ekaterina , Osintseva Maria , Kryuk Victoria
Published: December 2023

Many seedlings die early during reforestation. Traditional bareroot technologies often fail in Western Siberia. As a result, containerized technologies have become relevant as they provide higher survival rate in the harsh climatic conditions.

The study traced the development of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings grown in a container nursery in the Kemerovo Region. The milled high-moor peat had a degree of decomposition of ≤ 15%. The seeds were treated with fungicides before planting. The seedlings underwent a double treatment against phytophages and phytopathogens during growth.

The article introduces a new agricultural technology for ball-rooted planting stock resistant to phytophages and phytopathogens. The study revealed the developmental stages of pine seedlings and the effect of pesticides on pathogen count. After phytosanitary monitoring and preventive treatments, the seedlings were tested for the effectiveness of pesticides, fungicides, and insecticides as part of pre-planting seed treatment. Such biochemical preparations as Fitoverm (0.4%), Decis Pro, Previkur Energy, and Fitosporin increased the survival rate of the test seedlings. The biological effectiveness of the experimental treatment was 49–53 and 44–50%.

The technology was able to improve the survival rate of pine seedlings in forest container nurseries in the harsh climate of West Siberia.
Neural Network Technologies in Predicting the Operating Status of Agricultural Enterprises
Authors: Grachev Aleksandr
Published: December 2023

All agricultural facilities in Russia are currently going through digital transformation. However, the process needs a unified approach for the entire agricultural sector. Neural network methods have already proved extremely effective in various areas of IT. The authors used neural networks to analyze statistic data and assess the performance of agricultural infrastructure.

This study involved technical data from the production cycle of agro-industrial enterprises, namely packaging and greenhouses. The data obtained were analyzed using artificial neural networks.

The procedure included identifying a set of factors that described an agro-industrial complex or some of its properties that corresponded to a specific task. These data were used in planning and making managerial decisions. The program identified five factors that described the state of an agricultural enterprise. These factors were used to build a model while its elements served as output data for the neural network. The model calculated the future state of the object. Trials were run on a limited data set on a multilayer perceptron. The neural network showed reliable results for a small data set. The root mean square error of was 0.1216; the mean modulus deviation was 0.0911.

In this research, modern neural network technologies demonstrated good prospects for the domestic agro-industrial complex as a method of control, management, and dispatching. However, specific operational patterns require further studies.
Portrayal of Patriarchal Subjugation of Women in the Selected Works of Anita Nair
Authors:   Department of English, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India, Sharma Divyani , Chauhan Swati
Published: December 2023

This study will investigate how patriarchy works as a vehicle for women’s subjugation. Many female authors were born within a predominately patriarchal environment, where women have historically been subservient to socially imposed norms. Anita Nair has emerged as one of India’s most committed modern authors. She freely expresses her views about women in autocratic Indian culture. She also offers insight into how society views women and what it expects of them. The paper will portray women’s sufferings and the status of women in society. It will also shed light on the importance of education. The idea of ‘half’ by Simone De Beauvoir in her work The Second Sex will illuminate the concept of self. The paper will highlight the shifting scenarios of women and how new women transcend the confines of patriarchal setup and create new identities through Anita Nair’s novels- Ladies Coupe, Mistress, and The Better Man.
Exploring Black Writers’ Literary Strategies for Interdependence and Global Solidarity
Authors:   Department of English, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India., Buragohain Ananya , Kagyung Lakshminath
Published: December 2023

This paper seeks to explore the techniques and strategies used by African and Afro-American writers to disseminate a sense of Black interdependence and solidarity on a global level. It will examine how Black authors are unceasingly using a planned strategy in their literary works to encourage Black people to envision a sustainable future for themselves. We contend that Black authors and critics are incessantly using the literary medium to inspire Black audiences to self-heal themselves from the trauma associated with European colonization of Africa in the bygone days and this issue is yet to receive a noteworthy observation in the literary field. Hence, this paper will examine various dimensions associated with the Black literary genre to explore more about the philosophies and strategies imbibed by Black writers to encourage their people to self-heal from their past while comprehending the significance of mutual interconnectedness. The select works this paper seeks to study comparatively are Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart (2010), Alice Walker’s epistolary novel The Color Purple (2014), Rivers Solomon with Daveed Diggs, William Hutson, and Jonathan Snipes’s fantasy fiction The Deep (2020), and Nnedi Okorafor’s science fiction Lagoon (2014). The frameworks used for this study are Postcolonialism, Africanfuturism, Afrofuturism, and African feminism which are treated as the vantage ground for this reading.
Water safety planning for healthcare facilities for extreme events
Authors: Krause Steffen , Joel Elena , Schaum Christian , Bäumer Jan , Rücker Nadine , Wienand Ina , Sturm Christoph , Jahn-Mühl Bernhard , Geiger Manuel , Fekete Alexander , van der Heijden Sophie , Heinzel Christine , Sandholz Simone
Published: December 2023

Disasters such as the Ahr Valley flood in 2021 make us aware of the importance of functioning healthcare facilities. Their functionality depends on the availability of drinking water. Water safety planning is a long-established method to increase the safety of water utilities. Our work supports the implementation of water safety planning in healthcare facilities during normal operations and emergency situations concerning the water supply. The authors conducted a stakeholder mapping exercise and problem awareness analysis. Based on these results, it was identified what is needed to overcome barriers to water safety planning (WSP). Building on existing procedures, the WSP concept, and latest scientific findings, an event-specific risk assessment method for healthcare facilities was developed and applied in a case study. Based on an analysis of water demand, water-related processes, and infrastructure, potentially necessary components for establishing an emergency supply were identified. For these, based on technical and legal requirements, planning principles were developed, and prototypes of components for emergency water supply were built. They were tested in pilot trials, particularly regarding hygienic safety. For the management of crises in hospitals, a survey was carried out on the command structures used in practice. Finally, recommendations were drawn based on the German Hospital Incident Command System.
Analysis of the Regulatory Framework Used in the Process of Information Modeling in the Construction Industry
Authors: Bessonova O. A. , Mironova L. I.
Published: December 2023

Purpose of the study. Based on an analysis of the regulatory frame[1]work used in the construction industry, to evaluate the possibilities of using digital technologies of virtual and augmented reality in the training of civil engineers to develop professional competence in the field of technology for the reconstruction of buildings and structures.

Materials and methods. As part of the study, a theoretical analysis of the provisions of pedagogical science on the problems of construction training of students, an analysis of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education in the direction of “Construction”, the level of preparation “Bachelor’s programme”, an analysis of the curriculum and teaching materials for the preparation of bachelors in the field of “Technologies for the reconstruction of buildings and structures”, as well as the regulatory framework of construction documentation related to BIM-design of construction projects and the use of digital technologies in information modeling.

Results. As a result of the conducted research related to the training of bachelors for the construction industry based on the use of BIM-modeling with elements of virtual and augmented reality, the content of professional competence in the field of technology for reconstruction of buildings and structures has been formulated, which is understood as a set of:

- knowledge of the regulatory framework for the technology of reconstruction of buildings and structures;

- the ability to apply this knowledge in practice when solving real engineering problems related to the reconstruction of buildings and structures, the development of technical solutions for strengthening or replacing structures, monitoring the technical condition of objects;

- practical experience in solving practice-oriented educational problems in the field of reconstruction of buildings and structures, obtained in the process of university training using electronic educational resources with elements of information modeling.

Conclusion. The implementation of the above-described capabilities of digital technologies in the process of teaching students contributes to the intellectualization of information activities, the formation of skills in confident use of modeling tools, restoration of the studied capital construction objects, a comprehensive presentation of processes, both real and virtual, as well as skills in using virtual model design tools in accordance with the required norms
De la cultura del descarte a la cultura del encuentro: el aporte del Papa Francisco a la Doctrina Social de la Iglesia
Authors: Orellana Francisca , Johnson José
Published: December 2023

El presente trabajo ha profundizado en el concepto “cultura del descarte”, usado por el Papa Francisco como clave interpretativa de los distintos problemas sociales. A través de él, va recorriendo los distintos sentidos que el Papa da a esta expresión y las consecuencias que tiene ello para una mirada crítica de nuestro mundo actual, a partir de la Doctrina Social de la Iglesia. En un segundo momento, ha analizado el concepto “cultura del encuentro”, que Francisco propone como un horizonte que puede motivar y guiar los esfuerzos por superar los problemas actuales y establecer una forma de relación que supere el descarte de personas y abra a la fraternidad y la amistad social. A lo largo de esta investigación se estableció una mirada de síntesis de ambos conceptos y su valoración dentro del conjunto del pensamiento del Papa Francisco, entregando elementos para su mejor comprensión y aplicación a las distintas realidades sociales desde una mirada cristiana.
Advancing Hybrid Nanocatalyst Research: A Python-based
Visualization of Similarity Analysis for Interdisciplinary and
Sustainable Development
Authors: Gomes Souza Fernando , Pal Kaushik , Maranhão Fabíola , Zanoni Carlos , Brandão Daniele , Colão Michelle , Silva Gabriel , Ampah Jeffrey , Velasco Karine
Published: December 2023

Background:

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of hybrid nanocatalysts,
which amalgamate attributes of both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts.

Aim:

To achieve a holistic understanding of the topic, we embarked on a meticulous exploration
across multiple databases.

Methods:

The Web of Science repository yielded 239 pertinent documents, while the Scopus
database offered a more exhaustive collection of 1,887 documents. Although Google Scholar
suggested a staggering 25,000 articles, its unclear selection criteria raised questions about the
precision and dependability of its data. Hence, our study primarily relied on the Scopus database
to ensure an extensive sample and analytical rigor. Using the Python-boosted visualization of
Similarities methodology, we illuminated interconnections among various terminologies, identifying burgeoning areas within hybrid nanocatalyst research.

Results:

Our findings emphasized the ascending trajectory toward innovating materials with superior properties in hybrid nanocatalysis. This trajectory accentuated the pivotal role of interdisciplinary collaboration and sustainable methodologies. Advanced analytical techniques, notably
X-ray diffraction, emerged as quintessential in delineating the nuanced relationship between
hybrid nanocatalysts' structural and functional attributes. We also spotlighted Energy-Dispersive
X-ray Spectroscopy's capability in fine-tuning hybrid nanocatalysts' properties, enhancing their
catalytic efficacy and selectivity. An intriguing trend our study unearthed was the surge in interest toward integrating natural enzymes as potential catalysts within hybrid nanocatalysts, positioning them as beacons for sustainable and cost-efficient catalyst development.

Conclusion:

By synthesizing these insights, this research underlines the significance of diverse
characterization techniques and the ethos of interdisciplinary collaboration. The derived
knowledge offers a repository for fellow researchers, guiding further inquiries, especially regarding integrating natural enzymes in hybrid nanocatalyst innovation.
From Nanomaterials to Well-Defined Structures: Exploring Layer-by-layer Assembly Techniques
Authors: Hamzat Yassmen , Aljabali Alaa A. A. , El-Tanani Mohamed , Tambuwala Murtaza M.
Published: December 2023

Layered assemblies are essential in materials nanoarchitectonics, which organize
nanomaterials into well-defined structures. This overview highlights the significance, advancements,
challenges, and future directions of layered assembly. The layer-by-layer (LBL)
process relies on electrostatic interactions and self-assembly, which are influenced by factors
such as charge, pH, and environmental conditions. Solution-based, vapor-phase, and templateguided
methods offer distinct advantages and limitations for tailoring the layered structures.
Polymeric, inorganic, and hybrid nanomaterials have diverse functionalities for specific applications.
Surface modification, functionalization techniques, templating, and patterning methods
play key roles in the customization of layered structures. Integration of stimuli-responsive
assemblies enables dynamic control and advanced functionality. Characterization techniques,
including spectroscopy and microscopy, provide insights into the structure, morphology, and
properties of the layered assemblies. The evaluation of the mechanical and electrical properties
enhances the understanding of their behavior and suitability for applications. Layered assemblies
find applications in biomaterials, optoelectronics, energy storage, and conversion, promising
advances in tissue engineering, optoelectronic devices, and battery technology. Challenges
in scalability, stability, and material selection necessitate interdisciplinary collaboration,
process standardization, innovation, optimization, and sustainability. Advanced characterization
techniques and artificial intelligence (AI) integration hold promise for future advancements
in layered assemblies. Layered assemblies have great potential in materials science and
technology, offering precise control over the structure and functionality of breakthroughs in
various applications. Continued research and collaboration will drive progress in this field and
pave the way for innovative materials and technologies. Scientists are encouraged to explore
the possibilities of layered assemblies, unlock novel solutions to global challenges, and shape
the future of nanomaterial engineering.
Novel Approaches for the Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis with Emphasis
on the Role of Galectin-3 Inhibitors as a Potential Therapeutic Approach
Authors: Mathur Tanya , Singh Indu
Published: December 2023

Pulmonary fibrosis is a disease affecting the lungs and the respiratory system that
carries along a high fatality rate with no specific therapeutic approaches, making it a disorder
sometimes termed as incurable. There have been various researches elaborating on the potential
treatment and formulation approaches. Therapeutically effective drugs, new molecules, potential drug targets and novel delivery approaches have been identified. Recent findings suggest
galectin-3 as a potential target to alleviate the condition by inhibition of the lectin. Certain molecules of galectin-3 have been discovered as promising therapeutic agents. These drug molecules have been administered either orally or through inhalation, and as of now, there is no candidate in the market to pose as a treatment for pulmonary fibrosis. There is a wide window to
research and find novel dosage forms for the drug molecules to be presented as an efficacious
and tolerable drug therapy against pulmonary fibrosis.
Gas-Sensitive Material for Semiconductor Hydrogen Sulfide Sensor
Authors:   Department of Analytical Chemistry of Samarkand State University named after Sh.Rashidov.  Samarkand, Uzbekistan, Ergashboy Abdurakhmanov , Rizamat Begmatov , Ilkhom Abdurakhmanov
Published: December 2023

In this work, the synthesis of porous silica gas-sensitive materials for semiconductor sensors of hydrogen sulfide is presented. As a result of studying the activity and selectivity of individual and binary oxides in the oxidation of combustible gases, the composition of the catalyst (10CuO + 90WO3) for the gas-sensitive element of the H2S sensor was selected. The selected catalysts ensure high semiconductor sensor (SCS) selectivity in a wide range of temperatures and H2S concentrations. The optimal ratio of the initial components for the synthesis of silica gas-sensitive materials for a semiconductor hydrogen sulfide sensor has been selected. It has been established that the period of maturation of the film-forming solution based on tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) is 6.5 hours, the period that ensures the production of gas-sensitive films is 18.5 days, and the aging period is 3.5 days. It was found that an increase in the process temperature from 20 to 40°C with a slight change in the viscosity of the solution leads to a sharp reduction in the stability time of the solution from 18.5 to 7.5 days.
Green Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Mesalazine Drug by Oxidative Coupling Reaction with Phenoxazine
Authors:   Section of Basic Science, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq, Mohammed Ali Saeed Abdussamed , Al-Hammoodi Intisar Adil Shihab , Al-Enizzi Mohammed Salim , Salih Suhair Mahfoodh
Published: December 2023

A novel green, straightforward, and precise spectrophotometric method for determination of mesalazine drug has been developed. This method relies on an oxidative coupling reaction between mesalazine and the environmentally friendly phenoxazine reagent in an acidic medium within the presence of potassium iodate as an oxidizing agent. The resulting colored product exhibits maximum absorbance at 549 nm. The calibration graph was rectilinear over the range of 0.2- 30 µg mL-1 (1.31×10-6 -1.96×10-4 mol L-1 ) with determination Coefficient (R2 ) of 0.9994 and molar absorptivity of 4.8×103 L mol-1 cm-1 . The limits of detection and quantitation were found to be 0.191 and 0.638 µg mL-1 , respectively. The average recovery percentage was 100.9 with a relative standard deviation less than 3.1. The proposed method was effectively applied to determine mesalazine in tablet dosage forms from three different sources, yielding highly satisfactory results that closely align with the standard method outlined in the British Pharmacopeia.
Catalytic Purification of Sulfur from Bituminous Impurity
Authors:   Department of Mining, College of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, University of Mosul,  Iraq, Altayi Islam K. S. , Aldobouni Imad A.
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study is to build a pilot plant system working in a continuous mode to purify sulfur from bituminous impurities. This study focused on the role of the added mineral salt of view to help choose and design the right and suitable purification reactor that is capable of overcoming any future problems and getting pure sulfur. The presence of these impurities deteriorates the specification of the produced sulfur and has to be removed from it. Two different processes were used in the mine both based on the carbonization of the bitumen (in two different ways) and then the separation of the carbonized material by filtration. Both processes suffered serious technical, ecological and economic problems. Search for another purification method that can overcome these problems continued, finally, it was possible to purify sulfur from accompanied bituminous impurities by treating raw sulfur at about (125-130 ºC) with certain metal salt for 10 minutes, then subjecting the mixture to a filtration step. No hydrogen sulfide gas was detected. The reaction conditions are quite mild compared with the conditions currently used in the Mishraq sulfur mine (440-500 ºC for ~ 2 hours), with a large percentage of sulfur being converted to sulfurous gases. Rather than carbonizing the bitumen, it is presumed that purification is accomplished through the formation of a complex between the hydrocarbon and the metal salt that can be deposited on the surface of the filter element. It is possible to recover the spent metal salt and reuse it again.
Physico-chemical Profiling, Antioxidant Potential and Heavy Metals Accumulation in Lagenaria Siceraria
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus, Karachi-75300, Pakistan, Yasmeen Kousar , Uddin Aziz , . Asma
Published: December 2023

Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd) contains the wide range of chemical components such as minerals, vitamins, flavone-C glycosides, fatty acids and omega-3. In this study, nutritional composition and heavy metals content were analyzed in peel, flesh and cap of the bottle gourd. Flesh (356.85 g) of bottle gourd was showed maximum weight with maximum weight contribution (80.27 %). The cap of bottle gourd showed the maximum total carotenoids (305.00 ppm), TSC (29.56 mg/100 g) and TSS (0.580 ºBrix). Peel of bottle gourd represented significant antioxidant activity by RPA (2536.00 mg/100 g) and DPPH (36.43 % inhibition) with higher TPC (2819.88 mg/100 g) as well as TFC (60.28 mg/100 g). Fe was found maximum in three parts of bottle gourd than other metals concentration. The observed concentrations of heavy metals were found under the standard safe limits.
Improving the Quality and Safety of Barley by Controlled Homolactic Fermentation with Lactic Acid Bacteria
Authors:   Laboratory of Natural Resources and Sustainable Development,University Ibn Tofail, Faculty of Sciences, Kenitra, Morocco, Choukri Soumaya , Hammouti Belkheir , Mansouri Farid , Choukri Noure elhouda , Sabbahi Rachid , Ouhssine Mohammed
Published: December 2023

Fermentation by lactic acid bacteria can improve the nutritional and hygienic quality of barley, as well as its organoleptic properties. The aim of this study was to select a suitable lactic ferment to add value to barley through a controlled homolactic fermentation process, which can be used to produce a natural base product for broiler feed. Four different combinations of lactic strains were tested for their acidifying power, antibacterial activity, and fermentation performanceThe mixed culture of homolactic ferment FS4, composed of Lactobacillus plantarum (SC1), Pediococcus spp (SC4), and Lactococcus lactis ssp (SC5), showed the best result in terms of pH reduction, acidity production, and inhibition of spoilage bacteria. The in vivo application of the ferment FS4 on barley resulted in a decrease in pH to 4.12 after 15 days of fermentation, and an improvement in its hygienic quality, with the possibility of also enhancing its nutritional quality. This study demonstrated that FS4 is a suitable lactic ferment for valorizing barley through a controlled homolactic fermentation process, which can be used to produce a natural base product for animal feed with improved quality and safety.
Phytochemical Quantification and Characterization of Anti- Diabetic Potential of Polyherbal Formulation by FT-IR and GC-MS Analysis
Authors:   Consultant Nutritionist, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, Akram M. Naeem , Sohail Asma , Sarfraz Kashif , Wattoo Feroza Hamid , Nasim Sumaira
Published: December 2023

The main objective of the present study was to develop and evaluate anti-diabetic potential of polyherbal formulation (PHF) using Nigella sativa, Cinnamomumverum, Allium sativum, Zingiberofficinale, Curcuma longa and Trigonellafoenumgraecum for management of diabetes. The PHF was investigated by advanced analytical techniques. The proximate analysis of PHF revealed all parameters were within the limits indicating no adulteration and contamination. In addition, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT- IR) spectroscopy analysis showed the presence of bio-active phytochemicals including phenolic compounds, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic constituents that are good therapeutic potential for prevention and management of diabetes. The efficacy of PHF was evaluated by dividing into four groups (PHF 1.5 g, PHF 3.0 g, metformin 500 mg and placebo) of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients for 90 consecutive days and monitored on a monthly basis. PHF 3.0 g dose showed a significantly higher anti-diabetic effect as compared to PHF 1.5 g while comparable results in relation to metformin 500 mg. The phytochemical characterization of PHF will ensure its quality and safety. Moreover, the anti-diabetic efficacy of PHF is comparable with anti-diabetic efficacy of metformin. PHF has the potential to achieve glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients with a diabetic diet prescribed.
Efficient Removal of Chromium and Lead from Tanneries Effluent of Korangi Industrial Area Karachi Using Rotating Disk Mesh as Anode Electrode Electrocoagulation
Authors:   Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan, Iqbal Arshad , Qureshi Khadija , Unar Imran Nazir , Bhatti Zulfiqar Ali
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study was to examine the best electrode design for the electrocoagulation process with the best removal performance, reduced passivation on the electrode surface, and lower energy consumption requirements for removing Chromium (Cr) and Lead (Pb) from leather tannery effluent. Three different electrodes were compared: non-rotating disk electrode (NRDE), rotating disk electrode (RDE) and rotating disk mesh electrode (RDME). All electrodes were used to observe a reduction in passivation on the electrode surface and its effects on the removal performance of Cr and Pb. The material used for the electrodes was iron. The maximum removal efficiency obtained was Cr = 87.9% and Pb = 97.5% under the following operating conditions: pH = 7, treatment time = 90 min, current density = 6.57 mA/cm², and RPM = 80. The results show that the electrical energy requirement for treating chromium and lead using RDME was 4.5 kWh/m³, which was found to be lower than the energy requirement observed in various other studies for treating tannery effluent. According to the results, RDME shows the highest removal performance with lower specific energy consumption compared to NRDE and RDE. RDME can be efficiently employed at a larger scale for treating leather tannery effluent.
THE EFFECT OF HARD FACING PROCESS ON THE HARDNESS AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF BUCKET TOOTH FOR DIFFERENT MANGANESE CONTENT
Authors: Darmo Suryo , Prihadianto Braam Delfian
Published: December 2023

High hardness and wear resistance of bucket tooth are required in the face of abrasion and impact. High manganese steel is hard and ductile, making it more suitable for bucket tooth materials. Bucket tooth can wear out and need to be returned to their original size, so that bucket tooth that have been eroded must be coated with a hard material, using a hard facing process. In this study, the hard facing process was carried out in bucket tooth containing 10.4%, 11.60%, 12.70%, 13.60%, and 14.60% men (manganese) elements, using hard facing electrodes of the AWS A5.13 (JIS Z 3251). Hard facing process was using SMAW welding with an average heat input of 1087.43 J/mm. The hard facing process shown that the hardness of weld metal was always lower than of HAZ (Heat Affected Zone) and base metal. The hardness of the weld metal was almost the same for all types of bucket tooth, which was about 233.478 HVN.
CITRONELLA OIL AS BIOADDITIVES ON SI ENGINE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Alfian Devia , Farhani Amna Citra , Supriyadi Didik , Prahmana Rico Aditia , Silitonga Dicky J
Published: December 2023

Current dynamics of world energy supply have driven various innovations by the industry as well as research communities. Fossil fuels, although experiencing a declining interest due to sustainability issues, remain undeniably crucial since they are nearly irreplaceable in some sectors including electricity generation, it is necessary to continuously establish efforts to improve efficiency of those kinds of fuel. In this work, the authors evaluate the potential of locally sourced essential oils, namely citronella, as a fuel additive in a vision of raising the fuel economy of gasoline RON 90. Citronella oil was selected based on a positive hypothesis deduced from its chemical properties, as mentioned in multiple published works. Tests were made on a generator-set powered by gasoline engine using the mixture of RON 90 and citronella oil of various concentrations as the fuels. In addition, a commercial synthetic additive was also tested alongside the essential oil to provide a comparative figure. Meanwhile other investigators suggest a favorable effect of essential oils, our results show that citronella oil additions lead to higher fuel consumption at the same power level. A similar negative effect was also demonstrated by the synthetic additive. The only sector showing positive results is in terms of exhaust temperature where experiments with citronella additives create lower exhaust temperature as compared to pure gasoline and synthetic additives. However, rooms for innovation remain open by exploring other variables such as higher additive concentrations or combining different kinds of essential oils.
SURFACE QUALITY AND CORROSION RESISTANCE OF 316L STAINLESS STEEL ELECTROPOLISHED USING PHOSPHORIC – SULFURIC ACIDS
Authors: Firmanto Hudiyo , Arief Budhyantoro
Published: December 2023

Electropolishing is an electrochemical surface finishing technique. It is commonly applied to equipment that requires a gleaming finish. This surface property is frequently required in 316L stainless steel (SS) medical implants. Electropolishing removes a thin layer from the metal's surface through electrochemical processes. This results in a very clean, smooth, and bright metal surface. The process parameters, such as electrolyte solution, electrical current, and electropolishing time, influence surface roughness and glossiness. The dissolution of metallic ions during the process may also affect the corrosion resistance of the treated material in addition to producing a shiny surface. This study investigated the surface glossiness, surface roughness, and corrosion of electropolished 316L SS. Electropolishing experiments on 316 SS were carried out using various H3PO4 (50%) and H2SO4 (32%) electrolyte solution compositions. The influences of electrolyte solution composition, electric current, and electropolishing time were studied. The results showed that increasing the H2SO4 content of the mixture and electropolishing the 316L SS for a longer period of time improved the surface roughness and glossiness. Under 10 Amp electric currents, the best surface glossiness was discovered. A corrosion test revealed that the electropolishing produced a Cr and Ni-rich layer that improved the corrosion resistance of the samples.
PENGARUH LIQUID SUCTION HEAT EXCHANGER TERHADAP KINERJA SISTEM PENDINGIN PADA MESIN PORTABLE CHILLER
Authors: Sulistiono Fajar Budi , Trisno Ramon
Published: December 2023

When the Covid-19 pandemic occured, most of the industries and public facilities were not used properly, but the cooling machines was still used, resulting in large consumption of power and electrical energy. Along with high energy consumption where the availability of energy is running low, savings are needed. As an alternative so that the cooling machine can save energy is to use the subcooling method, namely the addition of a liquid suction heat exchanger on a spiral portable chiller with 29 spirals. Furthermore, the refrigerant used in the portable chiller is R407c. This study aims to determine the effect and effectiveness of Liquid Suction Heat Exchanger on a portable chiller. The results obtained are the coefficient of performance on the non-Liquid Suction Heat Exchanger portable chiller is 4,699 with a cooling capacity of 6,668 kW and compressor performance of 1,419 kW while the portable chiller with the addition of Liquid Suction Heat Exchanger, the Coefficient Of Performance obtained is 5,197 with a cooling capacity of 6,719 kW and compressor performance of 1,219 kW. From the calculation above, the use of a liquid suction heat exchanger in a portable chiller can increase the cooling capacity by 1,97 %.
DESAIN KONSEP PURWARUPA MESIN INJECTION MOLDING TIPE VERTIKAL UNTUK DAUR ULANG LIMBAH PLASTIK SKALA RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Sufiyanto Sufiyanto , Niam Waridin , Marfizal Marfizal , Aziz Myson
Published: December 2023

Plastic waste is the main cause of environmental pollution. It is necessary to research the design of the Injection Molding machine to process plastic waste. This study describes the design concept of a vertical type Injection Molding machine prototype by considering the factors to be utilized by small-scale plastic recycling businesses. The design stage starts from the identification of component requirements to the design of 3D drawings. The results of this study obtained a prototype design of a Vertical Injection Molding Machine. The embodiment of the design is not only determined directly by the design team and the manufacturing team, but is obtained from customer requests described in the technical specifications. At the concept design stage, there are 5 sub-functions and each function has 3 to 4 options. From the combination of these sub-functions and options, 3 assembly sketches were obtained so that 3 alternative design concepts were obtained. From the results of the concept assessment, design concept C was chosen from several alternative concepts.