bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring energy audit for energy savings using non cost technique at electronics company
Authors: Yusoff Ahmad Razlan , Mohd Foudzi M.N. , Taib M.Y. , Arnizam Shah A.S.
Published: March 2021

Energy is essential element for economical growth in industry and it measures directly the standard of living for a country.  The economical growth and energy demand in the modern society need to be reduced the energy consumption. In this paper, energy consumption was monitored and audited for an electronic company in  Malaysia. The energy consumption was analysed based on electrical bill and then the power consumption has been verified based on energy audit process using power analyser for this electronic company. It is monitored that the energy audit for the whole company and point out the possiblity of non cost energy saving technique. From 10 locations analyses, 3 locations are main soursces contribite to high energy consumption. There are compressor room, busbar 15 and busbar 16 relates to chiller room that supply the air conditioning system in the company. The energy audit can provide the non cost suitable technique for energy savings and profit improvement in this electronic company.
Architecting Real-Time Crowd-Powered Systems
Authors: Lasecki Walter S , Homan Christopher , Bigham Jeffrey P.
Published: March 2021

Human computation allows computer systems to leverage human intelligence in computational processes. While it has primarily been used for tasks that are not time-sensitive, recent systems use crowdsourcing to get on-demand, real-time, and even interactive results. In this paper, we present techniques for building real-time crowdsourcing systems, and then discuss how and when to use them. Our goal is to provide system builders with the tools and insights they need to replicate the success of modern systems in order to further explore this new space.
Herding the Crowd: Using Automated Planning for Better Crowdsourced Planning
Authors: Manikonda Lydia , Chakraborti Tathagata , Talamadupula Kartik , Kambhampati Subbarao
Published: March 2021

One subclass of human computation applications are those directed at tasks that involve planning (e.g. tour planning) and scheduling (e.g. conference scheduling). Interestingly, work on these systems shows that even primitive forms of automated oversight on the human contributors helps in significantly improving the effectiveness of the humans/crowd. In this paper, we argue that the automated oversight used in these systems can be viewed as a primitive automated planner, and that there are several opportunities for more sophisticated automated planning in effectively steering crowdsourced planning. Straightforward adaptation of current planning technology is however hampered by the mismatch between the capabilities of human workers and automated planners. We identify and partially address two important challenges that need to be overcome before such adaptation of planning technology can occur: (i) interpreting inputs of the human workers (and the requester) and (ii) steering or critiquing plans produced by the human workers, armed only with incomplete domain and preference models. To these ends, we describe the implementation of AI-MIX, a tour plan generation system that uses automated checks and alerts to improve the quality of plans created by human workers.
Topical Video Search: Analysing Video Concept Annotation through Crowdsourcing Games
Authors: Gligorov Riste , Hildebrand Michiel , Van Ossenbruggen Jacco , Aroyo Lora , Schreiber Guus
Published: March 2021

Games with a purpose (GWAPs) are increasingly used in audio-visual collections as a mechanism for annotating videos through tagging. One such GWAP is Waisda?, a video labeling game where players tag streaming video and win points by reaching consensus on tags with other players. The open-ended and unconstrained manner of tagging in the fast-paced setting of the game has fundamental impact on the resulting tags. We find that Waisda? tags predominately describe visual objects and rarely refer to the topics of the videos. In this study we evaluate to what extent the tags entered by players can be regarded as topical descriptors of the video material.  Moreover, we characterize the quality of the user tags as topical descriptors with the aim to detect and filter out the bad ones. Our results show that after filtering,  game tags perform equally well compared to the manually crafted metadata when it comes to accessing the videos based on topic. An important consequence of this finding is that tagging games can provide a cost-effective alternative in situations when manual annotation by professionals is too costly.
Predicting the Working Time of Microtasks Based on Workers' Perception of Prediction Errors
Authors: Saito Susumu , Chiang Chun-Wei , Savage Saiph , Nakano Teppei , Kobayashi Tetsunori , Bigham Jeffrey
Published: March 2021

Crowd workers struggle to earn adequate wages. Given the limited task-related information provided on crowd platforms, workers often fail to estimate how long it would take to complete certain microtasks. Although there exist a few third-party tools and online communities that provide estimates of working times, such information is limited to microtasks that have been previously completed by other workers, and such tasks are usually booked immediately by experienced workers. This paper presents a computational technique for predicting microtask working times (i.e., how much time it takes to complete microtasks) based on past experiences of workers regarding similar tasks. The following two challenges were addressed during development of the proposed predictive model --- (i) collection of sufficient training data labeled with accurate working times, and (ii) evaluation and optimization of the prediction model. The paper first describes how 7,303 microtask submission data records were collected using a web browser extension --- installed by 83 Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) workers --- created for characterization of the diversity of worker behavior to facilitate accurate recording of working times. Next, challenges encountered in defining evaluation and/or objective functions have been described based on the tolerance demonstrated by workers with regard to prediction errors. To this end, surveys were conducted in AMT asking workers how they felt regarding prediction errors in working times pertaining to microtasks simulated using an "imaginary" AI system. Based on 91,060 survey responses submitted by 875 workers, objective/evaluation functions were derived for use in the prediction model to reflect whether or not the calculated prediction errors would be tolerated by workers. Evaluation results based on worker perceptions of prediction errors revealed that the proposed model was capable of predicting worker-tolerable working times in 73.6% of all tested microtask cases. Further, the derived objective function contributed to realization of accurate predictions across microtasks with more diverse durations.
Accurator: Nichesourcing for Cultural Heritage
Authors: Dijkshoorn Chris , De Boer Victor , Aroyo Lora , Schreiber Guus
Published: March 2021

With the increase of cultural heritage data published online, the usefulness of data in this open context hinges on the quality and diversity of descriptions of collection objects. In many cases, existing descriptions are not sufficient for retrieval and research tasks, resulting in the need for more specific annotations. However, eliciting such annotations is a challenge since it often requires domain-specific knowledge. Where crowdsourcing can be successfully used to execute simple annotation tasks, identifying people with the required expertise might prove troublesome for more complex and domain-specific tasks. Nichesourcing addresses this problem, by tapping into the expert knowledge available in niche communities. This paper presents Accurator, a methodology for conducting nichesourcing campaigns for cultural heritage institutions, by addressing communities, organizing events and tailoring a web-based annotation tool to a domain of choice. The contribution of this paper is fourfold: 1) a nichesourcing methodology, 2) an annotation tool for experts, 3) validation of the methodology in three case studies and 4) a dataset including the obtained annotations. The three domains of the case studies are birds on art, bible prints and fashion images. We compare the quality and quantity of obtained annotations in the three case studies, showing that the nichesourcing methodology in combination with the image annotation tool can be used to collect high-quality annotations in a variety of domains. A user evaluation indicates the tool is suited and usable for domain-specific annotation tasks.
MetaCrowd: Crowdsourcing Biomedical Metadata Quality Assessment
Authors: Zaveri Amrapali , Hu Wei , Dumontier Michel
Published: March 2021

To reuse the enormous amounts of biomedical data available on the Web, there is an urgent need for good quality metadata. This is extremely important to ensure that data is maximally Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) allow users to specify metadata in the form of textual key: value pairs (e.g. sex: female). However, since there is no structured vocabulary or format available, the 44,000,000+ key: value pairs suffer from numerous quality issues. Using domain experts for the curation is not only time consuming but also unscalable. Thus, in our approach, MetaCrowd, we apply crowdsourcing as a means for GEO metadata quality assessment. Our results show crowdsourcing is a reliable and feasible way to identify similar as well as erroneous metadata in GEO. This is extremely useful for data consumers and producers for curating and providing good quality metadata.
Rzadka izolowana wrodzona szczelina powieki górnej z tłuszczakiem powieki – opis przypadku
Authors: Chrapusta Anna
Published: March 2021

Congenital eyelid defects mainly include unilateral or bilateral ptosis of epicanthic folds or atresia of the tear ducts. Eyelid defects can also be associated with cleft facial defects as described by Tessier. These defects are rare especially if they are isolated. The eyelid fissure, depending on its size, may cause a functional problem related to incomplete protection of the eye against drying out, or an aesthetic problem, which is particularly important in the psychological development of a child. The reconstruction of the upper eyelid with restoration of its full continuity is a prerequisite for improving the appearance and comfort of life of the growing child.
Bones of Contention: Reflections on Osteoarchaeology and the Baltic Region
Authors: Bartosiewicz László
Published: March 2021

During the last decade, some of the most significant archaeological interpretations included the integrated use of scientific methods, including osteoarchaeology. The identification, analysis and interpretation of human and animal remains from archaeological sites has been developing along increasingly different trajectories, due to the different aspects of daily life the bones of animals and humans illustrate. This paper is a review of the position osteoarchaeological research has achieved since the 1960s, through the example of its beginnings in the mid-20th century in Sweden. Similarities and differences between the histories, contents of and directions in human and animal osteoarchaeology are reviewed, revealing some controversies in the ways the results of the discipline have been embraced by the broader archaeological community. Similarly to archaeological research, increasingly complex analytical methods help refining results obtained by traditional morphometric methods applied to bones. This trend will continue in the foreseeable future: scientific methods will keep on contributing to valuable insights into past societies. Special sections in the paper are devoted to the possibilities of disseminating the results of osteoarchaeology through formal and informal networks such as publications, teaching and conferences within the context of the Baltic region through the example of archaeozoological research.
Towards an Understanding the Role of Seals in the Subneolithic Communities of the South-East Coast of the Baltic Sea. The Bacula from Šventoji 3 Site
Authors: Osipowicz Grzegorz
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of traceological studies of two harp seal bacula, from the Šventoji 3 site (coastal Lithuania). As a result of the microscopic observations carried out, technological and functional microtraces were discovered on both artefacts. The analysis of the use-wear traces, which are better readable only on one of the artefacts, allowed for a hypothesis that they arose as a result of contact with well-tanned and dry hide. This made it possible to assign to the studied artefacts the function of objects of everyday use, having direct contact with this material. The findings were illustrated with the current knowledge on the use of bacula in prehistory, historical times and among archaic communities known from ethnographic observations.
Investigating Animal Remains in Estonia
Authors: Lõugas Lembi , Rannamäe Eve
Published: March 2021

In Estonia, faunal remains have been an important part of archaeological material since the 19th century. During the 20th century, the interest in faunal history was rather volatile, but gained some stability during the 1990s. Since then, zooarchaeology in Estonia has developed substantially, focusing on a variety of topics. Together with methods from traditional zooarchaeology, interdisciplinary methods like the studies of ancient DNA and stable isotopes are increasingly used. However, despite the growing understanding of the importance of faunal remains in archaeological and historical research, there are still problems with collecting animal remains during the fieldwork and documenting and organising them. On the other hand, interest in scientific methods and destructive sampling of the osseous remains have become increasingly popular in science projects and international collaboration. In order to use osteological collections reasonably and ethically, proper systemisation is essential.In Estonia, there are two research centres for zooarchaeology, where scientific collections are administered – Tallinn University and the University of Tartu. Tallinn collections comprise material mostly from the northern part of the country, plus an extensive reference collection for fish has been developed there. In Tartu, mostly material from southern Estonia is managed, together with continuously expanding reference collection of mammals and birds. To improve the gathering and management of the osteological material in Estonia and reduce the shortage for storage space, a new central repository for osteological collections (both human and animal) was established in 2019. Concurrently, a new central database for the osteological data was created.In this paper, we introduce the zooarchaeological collections and some of the latest research topics in Estonia with an aim to broaden the understanding and potential of zooarchaeology in the Baltic region.
Quantum gravity as a metaphysical problem
Authors: Schmelzer Ilja
Published: March 2021

The problem with quantum gravity is usually presented as if it would be difficult to construct even a single quantum theory of relativistic gravity. This is shown to be wrong. A straightforward approach using standard, well-studied methods allows to construct mathematically well-defined quantum theories which give, in a certain classical limit, the Einstein equations of GR: GR may be transformed into a field theory on a fixed background by breaking diffeomorphism symmetry using harmonic coordinates. The resulting field theory may be regularized using standard lattice approximation techniques. The result is a well-defined canonical theory with a finite number of degrees of freedom, which can be quantized without problems in a canonical way. Why such a straightforward way to quantize gravity is simply ignored? We identify missing explanation of relativistic symmetry as an important argument, and propose a solution. evaluate possible explanations why this simple possibility to construct a theory of quantum gravity is ignored. While a lot of different metaphysical and sociological reasons play a role, we identify as a main point a preference of the scientific community for the relational philosophy behind the spacetime interpretation of GR, in opposition to the Newtonian concept of absolute space and time (substantivalism). We conclude that the quantization of gravity is not a problem of physics, but a metaphysical problem. It is a problem of the relational philosophy of space and time in the tradition of Descartes and Leibniz, which is the base of the spacetime interpretation of GR, because this philosophy is incompatible with the known examples of theories of quantum gravity.
Good Governance and Leadership; Sustainable National Development with Good Governance and Leadership in Indonesia
Authors: Taryono Taryono , Anggraeni RR Dewi , Yunus Nur Rohim , Rezki Annissa
Published: March 2021

A solid and responsible execution of construction management is referred to as good governance. Understanding the ideals behind good government is the secret to understanding it. A calculation of a government's success can be obtained by starting with the ideals in the philosophy of governance. As we enter the age of globalization and the introduction of regional sovereignty, the government's roles and obligations grow in tandem with the community's growing demand for fast, convenient, cheap, and decent services. The public wants the government to pay serious resources to fighting graft, collusion, and nepotism (KKN) in order to build a prosperous future. In this paper, a descriptive qualitative methodology is used with the aim of making it easier for writers to describe, analyze, and understand about Good Governance and Leadership.Keywords: Good Governance, Leadership, Governance  AbstrakDalam konsep governance, pemerintah hanya menjadi salah satu actor dan tidak selalu menjadi aktor yang menentukan. Good Governance adalah suatu peyelegaraan manajemen pembangunan yang solid dan bertanggung jawab. Kunci utama memahami good governance adalah pemahaman atas prinsip-prinsip di dalamnya. Bertolak dari prinsip-prinsip dalam konsep governance akan didapatkan tolak ukur kinerja suatu pemerintahan. Memasuki era globalisasi dan pelaksanaan otonomi daerah, tugas dan tanggung jawab pemerintah kian meningkat sesuai dengan menguatnya tuntutan masyarakat untuk memberikan pelayanan yang cepat, mudah, murah,dan baik. Masyarakat menuntut agar pemerintahmemberikan perhatian yang sungguh-sungguhdalam menanggulangi korupsi, kolusi, dan nepotisme (KKN), sehingga tercipta pemerintahanyang bersih dan mampu menyediakan good pub-lic services sebagaimana yang diharapkan. Dalam tulisan ini, penulis menggunakan metodologi kualitatif deskripsif dengan tujuan agar memperudah penulis dalam menjabarkan, menganalisa dan memahami mengenai Good Governance and Leadership.Kata Kunci:  Good Governance, Leadership, Pemerintahan
Elementos para una teología paulina del trabajo. En torno al documento «¿Qué es el hombre?»
Authors: Caballero Juan-Luis
Published: March 2021

El reciente documento de la PCB, «¿Qué es el hombre?», dedica un epígrafe a la realidad del trabajo. Su análisis se centra sobre todo en el Antiguo Testamento. Queda pendiente, por tanto, una aproximación al Nuevo. Este artículo busca ofrecer, partiendo de lo apuntado por el documento, unos elementos y una articulación entre ellos sobre la que desarrollar, en concreto, una teología paulina del trabajo. Como se propone, estos elementos deben sacarse de todas las áreas de la teología, aunque, al final, confluyan en la antropología: el misterio de Dios, la creación, la cristología, la eclesiología, la moral y la escatología.
The Origin of Man in the Light of Three Fields of Knowledge: Science, Philosophy and Theology
Authors: Sánchez-Palencia-Martí Ángel , Jordana-Butticaz Rafael
Published: March 2021

The reception and development of Darwin’s ideas have displaced mankind from the central place in the Cosmos, becoming no more than another evolved animal. This work offers a criticalscientific critique of the dominant ideas in the field of scientific research and debate into the origins of Man. By means of an interdisciplinary analysis (science, philosophy, and theology) of the scientifically proven facts, it is concluded that specimens classified in the genus Homo constitute a single species whose morphological evolution (hominization) is posterior to its humanization.
The Knowledge of God: Realism as Natural Theology in Max Scheler’s Phenomenology of Religion
Authors: Piazza Anna
Published: March 2021

Max Scheler’s phenomenology of religion aimed at a renewed philosophical approach to the problem of God, willing to unify the modern need for a personalization of religion with the traditional objectivism and realism which, ever since the days of Thomas Aquinas, had been basic for Catholicism. For this purpose, Scheler argued for a return to an original level of the experience which could enable a new approach to the religious phenomenon, which could consider it at the level of a «living evidence», answering to the exigence of realism for which phenomenological philosophy was calling, thereby founding an original natural theology.
Aeration mitigates endoplasmic reticulum stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae even without mitochondrial respiration
Authors: Phuong Huong Thi , Ishiwata-Kimata Yuki , Nishi Yuki , Oguchi Norie , Takagi Hiroshi , Kimata Yukio
Published: March 2021

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a facultative anaerobic organism that grows well under both aerobic and hypoxic conditions in media containing abundant fermentable nutrients such as glucose. In order to deeply understand the physiological dependence of S. cerevisiae on aeration, we checked endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress status by monitoring the splicing of HAC1 mRNA, which is promoted by the ER stress-sensor protein, Ire1. HAC1-mRNA splicing that was caused by conventional ER-stressing agents, including low concentrations of dithiothreitol (DTT), was more potent in hypoxic cultures than in aerated cultures. Moreover, growth retardation was observed by adding low-dose DTT into hypoxic cultures of ire1∆ cells. Unexpectedly, aeration mitigated ER stress and DTT-induced impairment of ER oxidative protein folding even when mitochondrial respiration was halted by the ro mutation. An ER-located protein Ero1 is known to directly consume molecular oxygen to initiate the ER protein oxidation cascade, which promotes oxidative protein folding of ER client proteins. Our further study using ero1-mutant strains suggested that, in addition to mitochondrial respiration, this Ero1-medaited reaction contributes to mitigation of ER stress by molecular oxygen. Taken together, here we demonstrate a scenario in which aeration acts beneficially on S. cerevisiae cells even under fermentative conditions.
Koncepcje społeczno-gospodarcze księdza Antoniego Szymańskiego
Authors: Łętocha Rafał
Published: March 2021

Among the Catholic thinkers and social activists of the interwar period priest Antoni Szymański is for sure an exceptional figure. He can certainly be called the leader of the Catholic-social camp in the Second Polish Republic. This is justified not only given his rich literary work in this field, but also because of the numerous functions he performed at that time. He was at the head of the Social Council of the Primate of Poland, the Union of Polish Catholic Intelligentsia, and the Catholic University of Lublin. Over the years he was the chief-editor of „Prąd”, undoubtedly one of the most important Catholic periodicals of that period. In his socio-economic views, he consistently promoted the personalist position, opposing both capitalism based on individualism, and all sorts of collectivist conceptions.
Gasto federal com políticas sociais e os determinantes sociais da saúde: para onde caminhamos?
Authors: Vieira Fabiola Sulpino
Published: March 2021

RESUMO A garantia do mais alto nível possível de saúde à população depende de investimentos públicos em políticas sociais, uma vez que a saúde é determinada por fatores relacionados com as condições nas quais as pessoas vivem e trabalham, os chamados Determinantes Sociais da Saúde (DSS). O objetivo deste artigo foi quantificar o gasto federal do Brasil com políticas sociais setoriais de 2010 a 2019, a fim de analisar sua trajetória recente, em uma conjuntura de crise econômica e de austeridade fiscal, e de discutir o risco de piora da situação de saúde da população. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados de execução financeira do Poder Executivo federal obtidos do Siga Brasil. Os resultados mostram redução do gasto com sete das dez políticas analisadas entre 2013 e 2019. Houve aumento de gasto para as políticas vinculadas à seguridade social, as quais se relacionam com direitos constitucionalmente inscritos, com tradição de exigibilidade de seu cumprimento via sistema de Justiça. Esses achados revelam que, a despeito do aumento de despesa para essas políticas, outras políticas importantes, que atuam sobre DSS, foram desfinanciadas, dificultando a obtenção de progressos na situação de saúde da população, ao mesmo tempo que a coloca sob risco de retrocesso.
Uso de agrotóxicos e mortalidade por câncer em regiões de monoculturas
Authors: Dutra Lidiane Silva , Ferreira Aldo Pacheco , Horta Marco Aurélio Pereira , Palhares Paulo Roberto
Published: March 2021

RESUMO O uso de agrotóxicos na agricultura brasileira é um problema de saúde pública, dadas as contaminações no ambiente, em alimentos e as intoxicações resultantes do uso dessas substâncias. O objetivo deste artigo é investigar a distribuição espacial das áreas plantadas de lavouras e as taxas de mortalidade de alguns tipos de câncer: mama, colo do útero e próstata. Escolheram-se quatro estados brasileiros que possuem grande produção de commodities agrícolas a serem estudadas. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico de análise espacial conduzido com dados e informações do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) do Ministério da Saúde, por meio do qual elaboraram-se taxas de mortalidade para os referidos tipos de câncer, cujos óbitos tenham ocorrido entre 1996 e 2016. Há indícios de que existe correspondência entre as áreas de maior estimativa de uso de agrotóxicos Disruptores Endócrinos e o aumento das taxas de mortalidade pelos diferentes tipos de câncer.
Reproductive behavior in riverside women: health survey in an isolated community in the Middle Solimões, Amazonas, Brazil
Authors: Cabral Ivone , Cella Wilsandrei , Freitas Silvia Regina
Published: March 2021

RESUMO Os inquéritos de saúde conduzidos em comunidades geograficamente isoladas auxiliam na caracterização do comportamento reprodutivo e seus condicionantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer o perfil da saúde sexual, reprodutiva e aspectos socioculturais e econômicos de mulheres ribeirinhas do Médio Solimões, Amazonas, Brasil. Estudo retrospectivo e descritivo feito com mulheres da comunidade da Vila Sião, Alvarães (AM). No total, 28 mulheres, com idades entre 18 e 57 anos, foram individualmente entrevistadas, utilizando formulário para a obtenção de dados socioculturais, históricos de vida sexual e reprodutiva. Os resultados das análises descritivas indicaram que as entrevistadas eram mestiças, com ensino fundamental, casadas e atuavam na agricultura familiar. Em relação à história de vida sexual das entrevistadas, notou-se que os relacionamentos eram duradouros, com os mesmos parceiros, e as primeiras gestações ocorreram ainda na adolescência. Os indicadores gestacionais mostraram predomínio de parto domiciliar. Essas mulheres apresentaram elevado coeficiente de fecundidade. No entanto, os históricos de perdas gestacionais atribuídos à eclâmpsia, a acidentes domésticos e a doenças enfatizam a importância do acompanhamento pré-natal para a promoção da saúde da gestante e do bebê. A partir desses resultados, conclui-se que a interiorização dos serviços de saúde é essencial para que uma assistência médica especializada chegue até as comunidades ribeirinhas e isoladas do Amazonas, Brasil.
Satisfaction of black and non-black individuals assisted at the Alcohol and Drugs Psychosocial Care Center
Authors: Silva Nelma Nunes da , Oliveira Márcia Aparecida Ferreira de , Oliveira Mônica Silvia Rodrigues de , Claro Heloísa Garcia , Fernandes Ivan Filipe de Almeida Lopes , Boska Gabriella de Andrade , Bosque Ronédia Monteiro
Published: March 2021

RESUMO Este artigo objetivou analisar comparativamente a satisfação de indivíduos negros e não negros assistidos por Centros de Atenção Psicossocial em Álcool e Outras Drogas de três estados brasileiros. É um estudo quantitativo, transversal e avaliativo, cujos dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas seguidas de análise inferencial. Participaram do estudo 707 indivíduos, a maioria homens, autodeclarados negros, com média de idade de 44 anos. Os resultados mostraram que indivíduos negros e não negros estavam igualmente satisfeitos com a assistência ofertada, sobretudo com a competência e compreensão dos profissionais, acolhimento e ajuda recebida, o que contradiz a literatura tradicional que desvela racismo nos serviços de saúde. A avalição é a de que os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial em Álcool e Outras Drogas são locais potentes e diferenciados do sistema de saúde, mais acolhedores e inclusivos, para o cuidado de qualquer tipo de população com necessidades decorrentes do uso de substâncias. Esse resultado é coerente com a história desses dispositivos de saúde em nosso país, sendo serviços centrais da rede substitutiva aos cuidados hegemônicos e asilares.
A focalização utilitária da Atenção Primária à Saúde em viés tecnocrático e disruptivo
Authors: Miranda Alcides Silva de
Published: March 2021

RESUMO Ensaio argumentativo acerca do sentido contextual, dos condicionantes conjunturais e dos indicativos estratégicos constantes no Programa Previne Brasil, que estabelece nova logística e modalidade de financiamento e adscrição para a atenção primária do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Destaca-se contextualmente a hegemonia neoliberal, com tendência para a colonização subserviente de governos e políticas públicas. Conjunturalmente, o alinhamento disruptivo do governo Bolsonaro, permeado por ofensivas ultraliberais, pendores impositivos e práticas autoritárias. Em afinidade e derivação concomitante, a referida estratégia programática tende a consubstanciar uma nova forma de focalização para demandas estratificadas e de segmentação para coberturas e serviços de saúde estando regida por racionalidade tecnocrática e utilitária, que tende a desconstituir os preceitos e as diretrizes estratégicas constitucionais das políticas públicas de saúde. Caracteriza-se principalmente por: capitação e per capitalização de demandas ‘administráveis’, nos termos de ‘governança clínica’ regulada por política econômica de austeridade e contingenciamento de gastos sociais; deslocamento do modo de adscrição territorial e populacional com responsabilização de equipes multiprofissionais visando à Atenção Integral à Saúde, para outro modo de adscrição individualizada, focalizada e estratificada de clientelas; aplicabilidade descontextualizada do SUS, para critérios e logísticas de ponderação alocativa de recursos financeiros de custeio e de pagamento compensatório ao ‘desempenho’ do trabalho de equipes.
Health Technology Assessment and private health insurance in Brazil: a scoping review and document analysis
Authors: Lisbôa Raquel , Caetano Rosângela
Published: March 2021

RESUMO A Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde (ATS) respalda políticas públicas na gestão de tecnologias em diversos países. No Brasil, a institucionalização da ATS se iniciou em 2000, no Ministério da Saúde, e contou com a participação da Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar (ANS). Contudo, o sistema público e a saúde suplementar trilharam diferentes caminhos. Processos distintos de ATS podem gerar retrabalho, ineficiência e aumentar as inequidades entre o público e o privado. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar a dualidade entre o público e o privado relativa aos modelos de ATS implantados no País. Realizou-se uma revisão de escopo da literatura no período de 2000 a 2019 nas bases de dados Medline, Scopus, Web of Science e Lilacs. Também se realizou análise de documentos da ANS relativos ao processo de ATS na saúde suplementar. A revisão da literatura constatou a escassez de artigos sobre o tema, enquanto a análise documental permitiu traçar uma linha do tempo com os principais marcos referentes ao processo de ATS da Agência. Concluiu-se que a coordenação nacional de um modelo de ATS é desejada, visando a aumentar a transparência das instituições, a maior credibilidade das suas decisões, maior eficiência do processo e proporcionar maior equidade.
Educação Permanente em Saúde nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Mattos Mússio Pirajá , Campos Hudson Manoel Nogueira , Gomes Daiene Rosa , Ferreira Lorena , Carvalho Raquel Baroni de , Esposti Carolina Dutra Degli
Published: March 2021

RESUMO Este estudo objetivou compreender a apropriação da Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS) no contexto dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (Caps), e suas iniciativas no Brasil, por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Buscaram-se textos em português, inglês e espanhol, publicados no Brasil entre 2007 e 2019, que abordassem o conceito de EPS, cujos objetivos se referiam a iniciativas desenvolvidas nos Caps, e que versassem sobre as percepções quanto à mudança da prática profissional a partir dessas iniciativas. Foram selecionados 28 estudos. A análise de conteúdo temática identificou quatro categorias empíricas: 1. Concepções de EPS nos Caps; 2. Produção do cuidado e a aproximação com a EPS nos Caps; 3. Fatores intervenientes e características da EPS nos Caps; e 4. Fatores facilitadores e dispositivos de EPS nos Caps. A compreensão de EPS por profissionais e gestores aproxima-se do conceito de Educação Continuada, embora reconheçam que a primeira possibilita a reflexão e a problematização das práticas. As ações de formação desenvolvidas ainda estão distantes das transformações desejadas no âmbito da saúde mental. Considera-se necessário fortalecer a relação entre profissionais, gestores, comunidade e instituições de ensino para que essa política se torne eficaz no modelo de atenção psicossocial.
Por uma política da convivência: movimentos instituintes na Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira
Authors: Alvarez Ariadna Patricia Estevez , Almeida Neli Maria de Castro , Figueiredo Angela Pereira
Published: March 2021

RESUMO O propósito do artigo foi visibilizar o processo de constituição e implantação do Fórum Permanente de Centros de Convivência e Cultura (Ceco) no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Descreveram-se as etapas de sua gênese, os pressupostos teóricos de sua formulação e os desdobramentos legais, éticos e políticos dos dispositivos de convivência no âmbito da Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira. A experiência do Fórum forneceu três pistas metodológicas que podem ser úteis para a construção de políticas: 1) abertura, estar aberto à participação de todos, não restringir; 2) itinerância, movimentar-se sem se fixar em um mesmo lugar; 3) multiplicidade, desejar as diferenças e não obstruir o trânsito entre elas. Como produto desse movimento instituinte, foi gerado coletivamente o Projeto de Lei nº 4.563/2018, que cria a Política Estadual dos Centros de Convivência da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial no estado do Rio de Janeiro, apresentado pela frente parlamentar em defesa da saúde mental e luta antimanicomial na Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O movimento em torno dos Ceco, dispositivos de promoção de encontros na cidade, sustenta-se a partir da produção do comum e busca dar sustentabilidade à política da convivência que resiste às tentativas de desmonte do SUS e ao neoliberalismo.
Permanent Health Education and psychosocial care: the experience of the Projeto Rede Sampa
Authors: Costa Christiane Mery , Abreu Claudia Regina de Moraes , Amarante Paulo , Machado Felipe Rangel de Souza
Published: March 2021

RESUMO Este artigo relata uma experiência de formação em saúde mental desenvolvida no município de São Paulo entre os anos de 2013 e 2016. Denominado Projeto Rede Sampa – Saúde Mental Paulistana, direcionou-se a trabalhadores de diversas categorias profissionais e diferentes pontos da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial, tendo sido elaborado e executado utilizando estratégias que garantiram a participação dos distintos atores na construção de conteúdos de aprendizagem, a abordagem da singularidade das redes territoriais e o registro do percurso formativo das turmas. A partir da metodologia construcionista social, procurou-se discutir a relevância das interações dialógicas para o fortalecimento do trabalho em rede e a importância do alinhamento com a atenção psicossocial como modelo ético de cuidado.
A EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL, OS DIREITOS A CONHECIMENTOS, DESIGUALDADES E AVALIAÇÃO: UMA REFLEXÃO SOBRE O ALCANCE DA QUALIDADE
Authors: Rebelo Aline Helena Mafra , Santos Maria Helena , Oliveira Sara Badra de , Dias Julice , Bhering Eliana Maria Bahia
Published: March 2021

O artigo, com vistas a construir argumentos para uma avaliação em larga escala dos contextos da Educação Infantil (EI), defende o desenvolvimento de instrumentos que levem em consideração três importantes aspectos da referida etapa da Educação Básica, a saber: o acesso a conhecimentos, as desigualdades e as interações, sob a perspectiva da garantia dos direitos das crianças a uma educação de qualidade. Para isso, desenvolve três partes que: (1) apresenta um breve histórico da EI no Brasil, com ênfase no acesso a conhecimentos; (2) discute a garantia do direito à educação de qualidade em uma sociedade tão desigual e estruturalmente marcada pelo racismo; (3) e argumenta sobre a necessidade de levar em consideração estes dois aspectos – conhecimentos e desigualdades, na avaliação da EI, indicando aprendizagens a partir das avaliações em larga escala das outras etapas da Educação Básica. Sinaliza-se então a necessidade de debates e estudos na área da avaliação da EI que considerem tais aspectos e o intuito de produzir informações nacionais sobre a prática pedagógica no cotidiano da EI que reforça ou combate as desigualdades na educação.
The Roads to Understand «The Road to Serfdom» (Reflection on Biography of Friedrich Hayek and His Ideas)
Authors: Nureev Rustem , Latov Yury
Published: March 2021

The article refers to the famous economist Friedrich Hayek, whose 120-th birthday anniversary year before last was barely noticed. It should be mentioned that in the 1990-s, when liberal ideas were popular, he was considered to be one of the most outstanding economists of the 20th century. But nowadays the ideas of Hayek are presented more likely for exhibiting extreme liberal approaches rather than for their relevant practical application. The research gives an insight into his biography, which includes the description of similar highs and lows in his popularity during his lifetime. In 1944 after the book «The Road to Serfdom» was published, as well as in 1974 after winning the Nobel Prize, he was at the highest of his fame unlike the period of the1950-s and 1960-s when his views were barely demanded. There is a number of other strange issues in his personal biography as well as in the development of his ideas. As the representative of fourth generation of the Austrian School, he witnessed how this scientific school completely emigrated from Austria. Although he is regarded to be a distinguished economist, political analysts and philosophers refer to his ideas almost more frequently than economists. The authors of the present article proposed a problem-based approach to be used for understanding Hayek’s biography and his ideas. This included not only identifying the oddities in evolution of Hayek’s ideas and of the Austrian School as a whole, but also providing the rationale for them, which was based on highlighting the relationship between development of doctrinal economic ideas and «the spirit of the age». Special emphasis in the research was placed on explaining the historical background of the most famous work of Friedrich Hayek «The Road to Serfdom». The article was produced by the editors of joint monograph «The Road to Hayek» (Moscow: KNORUS, 2021. — 224 p., which is being published), who were influenced by reflection on variety of approaches to Hayek’s ideas and their significance.
Replacing Cost-Based Theories of Value with Marginalist and Behavioral as a Key Factor of Improving Economic Theory and Enhancing its Credibility
Authors: Yadgarov Yakov
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the research is providing the basis for the following hypothesis: the quest for enhancement of economic science and regaining its credibility in history of economic thought has led to innovations made by adherents of marginalism, institutionalism and unorthodox neoclassical economics. It marked the start of high-quality thinking on theory of value from the prospective of its marginalist and behavioral versions. The text demonstrates the orthodox character of cost-oriented approach in theory of value, used by fathers of political economy, whose conclusions on commodity value were connected either with labor costs or with total costs of production. It was revealed that the first-wave marginalist economics defined marginal utility as a key price-determining factor, and due to it value therefore can be created only in consumption. The research also found that the second-wave marginalists considered that there are two main elements, which determine price, these are: marginal utility and marginal cost. This conclusion enabled them to overcome the subjectivism and psychologism in theory of value. The supporters of behavioral approach in theory of value put an emphasis on psychologically-based behavior of an individual, as well as on legal foundations of institutional behavior. As a conclusion, the article states that marginalist and behavioral theories of value are rather feasible, as they complement each other and could be applied in modern economic conditions, enhancing the genuine credibility of the economic science.
Students' Interest in Entrepreneurship: Survey Results
Authors: Suslova Anastasia , Sergeeva Anna
Published: March 2021

It is not a secret that every student, sooner or later, gets a job. Some students start their professional activities from the first year to pay for their studies. Others get a job after an internship at a university, for the sake of professional experience or out of personal interest. Regardless of the reason for the student's employment during the educational process, we cannot deny that work takes time and quite often affects the academic performance and the amount of extracurricular activities of university students. This article presents the results of research on the popularity of the idea about working in a company or setting up ones own business. The research was carried out at Baikal State University by conducting a survey, which was completed by 1664 full-time students from the first to the fifth year. The data obtained as a result of the survey show that the majority of respondents have worked for a company at least once. The most popular reason for employment is the desire to earn money. A third of students want to become entrepreneurs in order to be able to earn more money. Most of the students are attracted to business in the service sector, where the organization of leisure activities comes first, then come marketing and, finally, financial services or legal services.
Modern Facets of Anti-Crisis Regulation of Monetary Sector and Financial Market
Authors: Zvyagintseva Natalia
Published: March 2021

Many prior studies demonstrate a variety of views on the balance of government regulation and self-regulation in a market economy. The views of representatives of different economic schools have significantly changed in the course of time. The article examines the views of representatives of various schools of liberalism on the role of state and self-regulation in the development of financial and economic systems. The article assesses the contribution of Monetarist and Keynesian scientific schools to the formation of anti-crisis measures. A hypothesis about the greater importance of anti-crisis regulation, which is based on the postulates of Keynesianism, as compared to monetarism, was formulated. The tools of monetarism demonstrate insufficient usefulness for mitigating and eliminating the consequences of financial and economic crises. The article considers the features of state regulation of the economy in crisis conditions (crises of 2007-2009, 2020). Using the general-to-specific method, the article focuses on the regulation of the financial sector. In particular, measures of state regulation of the monetary sector and the financial market are summarized. An express analysis of some regulatory procedures in the field of the financial market and monetary regulation is carried out. It is concluded that a «new normality», as a consequence of the peculiarities of a state anti-crisis regulatory impact, is ambiguous.
Methodological Aspects of Container Rail Traffic Managed by Transport Organizations
Authors: Judnikova Elena
Published: March 2021

The article considers the state of the container rail transportation market and the competitiveness of its development in Russia. It also reveals the negative factors and problems hindering the development of Russian transit potential as well as characterizes the main container rail operators. Methodological approach for identifying the potential of container railway traffic managed by transport organizations is offered in the research. Several methods are used in the study, such as analysis as a way to explore the prospects of container transportation in the Russian Federation, synthesis as a way of combining into a single whole for development of methodological aspects of organizing container transportation and hypothetical method for constructing an algorithm (model) of choosing a strategy for organizing container transportation for participants of the process. The research indicated inadequacy in existing scientific research of the methodological approach used in container shipping traffic strategy for transport companies. It is recommended to take into account the influence of negative factors and problems, hindering the development of container transportation. The study highlighted the need for developing a model while choosing a strategy in container traffic management for transport organizations. Practical value of the study is in methodological approach offered for constructing an algorithm in choosing a strategy for container transportation managed by transport organizations. The article reviews the container market conditions in macro and micro-levels, ranking the profitability of container transportation routes. It is concluded that methodology for calculating the need for fitting platforms will allow transport organizations to optimize investment projects in the market.