bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intravenous methadone in the management of acute postoperative pain in a chronic cancer pain patient: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Le Khang Duy Ricky , Hua Jean
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical Message

The current landscape of literature highlights that there is insufficient well‐powered and robust evidence to support the integration of intravenous methadone into current guidelines and frameworks in supporting the pain management of cancer patient with complex pain syndromes. However, there is preliminary evidence, both from the literature as well as this case study that highlights intravenous methadone may be efficaciously and safety used for the management of postoperative pain in cancer patients with chronic pain undergoing operative management. Further research is required to fully elucidate key considerations of integrating this medication into clinical practice including consideration into dosing, opioid conversion, tolerance, and safety.

Methadone is a broad‐spectrum analgesic with long duration of effect. Its multimodal mechanism of action, such as through effects on mu‐opioid receptor and presynaptic N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors, has led to its current use in the management of opioid dependence in the community and in palliative care. These properties however make methadone appealing in the management of postoperative pain, particularly for patients with complex analgesic requirements. We report on an interesting case whereby intravenous methadone was effectively used for postoperative analgesia in a 56‐year‐old female with complex chronic pain secondary to a mucinous pelvic neoplasm of unclear primary who underwent palliative resection. Further, we review the literature surrounding usage of methadone in this setting to understand current challenges and barriers to implementation of methadone as an analgesia option for chronic pain patients following surgery. To do this, a case report and literature review was conducted in accordance to the CARE case report guidelines. The patient provided written consent for the de‐identification and use of their medical information and data for the generation and publication of this case report. Our case report and literature review demonstrate there remains significant heterogeneity, unfamiliarity, and scarce use of intravenous methadone in the perioperative and postoperative space in the management of patients with complex pain regimens such as chronic cancer pain patients. Despite this, our case report and literature review highlight as a broad analgesic, intravenous methadone warrants consideration following more rigorous research and development of safe use guidelines into its use for this purpose.
Modelling High‐Temperature Electrochemical Cells: An Engineering Perspective
Authors: Murmura Maria Anna
Published: December 2023

High‐temperature electrochemical cells have received increasing interest in the past years as important elements in an energy transition scenario. Their employment in power‐to‐gas or gas‐to‐power systems naturally requires an accurate design that takes into account the effect of operating conditions and geometries on both the performance of the cells themselves and their integration with other units. To this end, it is important to develop flexible yet comprehensive models for their description and to identify performance parameters that allow a concise assessment of their efficiency. The aim of the present work is to identify the limitations – in terms of applicability and consistency – of the mathematical models developed to date to describe high‐temperature electrochemical cells, as well as the key characteristics that they should possess. A brief review of literature in this field is then reported, to identify the research areas that still need to be explored.
Alkynylation of Aldehydes Initiated by Cathodic Reduction
Authors: Sato Eisuke , Fujii Mayu , Mitsudo Koichi , Suga Seiji
Published: December 2023

Alkynylation of aldehydes initiated by cathodic reduction was performed. The cathodic alkynylation required only a semi‐catalytic amount of electricity to consume the starting material completely. Cyclic voltammetry and some control experiments suggest that the electron‐generated base derived from the cathodic reduction of benzaldehyde promotes alkynylation.
Single‐molecule Conductance and Electrochemical Measurements of Electron Transfer in β‐strand Peptides
Authors: Mo Wenjing , Horsley John R. , Li Xiaohui , Sheng Shiqi , Jong Bianca , Abell Andrew D. , Hong Wenjing , Yu Jingxian
Published: December 2023

A series of β‐strand peptides comprising redox‐active amino acids in the P2 position were synthesized to investigate the effects of electron‐rich side chains on charge transfer and possible coupling interactions between side chains. Electrochemical results indicated a direct link between aromaticity of the side chains and electron transfer rate constants, while single‐molecule conductance studies supported the ability of the electron‐rich side chains to behave as ‘stepping stones’ to facilitate electron transfer through the peptides. Additional electrochemical analysis of the analogue containing D‐Tyr in the P2 position was undertaken at various pH levels and revealed intramolecular coupling interaction between the side chains, providing further insights on proton coupled electron transfer (PCET). These findings progress the established fundamental knowledge of charge transfer kinetics and explore new pathways for advancement in the architecture of molecular‐based electronic components and devices.
Conformer aggregates exhibit dual wavelength emissions on chiral binaphthyl‐based triphenylethylenes and acetone detection
Authors: Zhang Qing , Meng Xin , Qu Jun , Zhao Fapeng , Liao Xiaoming , Li Zan , He Yuanchun , Zhang Xiaoxiang , Cao Ziping
Published: December 2023

The study on structure‐property relationship has been a significant focus in the field of organic molecular luminescence. In the present work, three chiral binaphthyl‐based triphenylethylene (HTPE) derivatives were prepared through condensation reactions. Despite their similar structures, these compounds exhibited distinct luminescent properties. Diphenylmethane‐derived HTPE displayed dual‐state emissions, characterized by dual‐wavelength emissions which were insensitive to the polarity of solvents. The dual emissions in solution state could be attributed to the different locally excited (LE) excitons. However, upon aggregation, two stable conformers were generated, probably leading to different emission peaks. In contrast, dibenzocycloheptadiene‐derived HTPE aggregates showed only a single emission peak. Surprisingly, fluorene‐derived HTPE exhibited obvious luminescence in neither solution nor aggregate states due to inherent π‐π interactions. These conclusions were substantiated by X‐ray analysis, spectroscopic analysis, and theory calculations. Application studies demonstrated that fluorescence on/off switches could be achieved through exposure to acetone. More importantly, trace amounts of acetone could be detected using luminescent materials in both organic and aqueous phases with a detection limit of 0.08 %. Thus, this work not only presents a strategy for designing chiral triphenylethylene fluorophores but also provides valuable information for dual wavelength emissions resulting from two stable conformations.
Molecular Accessibility and Diffusion of Resorufin in Zeolite Crystals
Authors: Maris J. J. Erik , Parker Luke A. , Stanciakova Katarina , Nikolopoulos Nikolaos , Berendsen Koen M. H. , van Blaaderen Alfons , Meirer Florian , Rabouw Freddy T. , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: December 2023

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Professor Bert Weckhuysen at Utrecht University. The image depicts the change in fluorescence color of a resorufin dye molecule when it is protonated and confined inside the micropores of zeolite‐β. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202302553.
Calamitic Liquid Crystals for Reversible Light‐Modulated Phase Regulation Based on Arylazopyrazole Photoswitches
Authors: Trân Hoàn Quân , Kawano Shinichiro , Thielemann Rebecca E. , Tanaka Kentaro , Ravoo Bart Jan
Published: December 2023

Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Kentaro Tanaka at Nagoya University and Bart Jan Ravoo at the University of Münster. The image depicts the photoisomerization of a mesogen upon irradiation with different wavelengths of light. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202302958.
A secondary‐side semi‐active series resonant converter employing hybrid modulation scheme for on‐board chargers
Authors: Liu Hongjing , Tang Yu , Zhao Baolin , Yao Fang , Jia Guanlong
Published: December 2023

This paper proposes a secondary‐side semi‐active series resonant converter with hybrid control. Compared with the traditional series resonant converter (SRC), the converter only replaces two diodes with metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) on the secondary side of the transformer, without adding any auxiliary components. By employing hybrid modulation scheme, the proposed converter can achieve a wide output voltage range in a narrow switching frequency range with high efficiency and has excellent soft‐switching performance. Due to the large magnetizing inductor and narrow switching frequency range, the proposed converter can achieve energy delivery with high efficiency and high power density. This paper provides a detailed introduction to the working principle, circuit characteristics, and design process of the converter. Finally, a 3.3 kW SiC‐based experimental prototype with 400 V input, 250–430 V output, and a switching frequency of 120–140 kHz is built to verify the theoretical analysis, and the peak efficiency reaches 97.82%.
Label‐free cell detection of acute leukemia using ghost cytometry
Authors: Kawamura Yoko , Nakanishi Kayoko , Murata Yuri , Teranishi Kazuki , Miyazaki Ryusuke , Toda Keisuke , Imai Toru , Kajiwara Yasuhiro , Nakagawa Keiji , Matsuo Hidemasa , Adachi Souichi , Ota Sadao , Hiramatsu Hidefumi
Published: December 2023

Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of appropriate treatment are critical for improving the prognosis of acute leukemia. Acute leukemia is diagnosed by microscopic morphological examination of bone marrow smears and flow cytometric immunophenotyping of bone marrow cells stained with fluorophore‐conjugated antibodies. However, these diagnostic processes require trained professionals and are time and resource‐intensive. Here, we present a novel diagnostic approach using ghost cytometry, a recently developed high‐content flow cytometric approach, which enables machine vision‐based, stain‐free, high‐speed analysis of cells, leveraging their detailed morphological information. We demonstrate that ghost cytometry can detect leukemic cells from the bone marrow cells of patients diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia without relying on biological staining. The approach presented here holds promise as a precise, simple, swift, and cost‐effective diagnostic method for acute leukemia in clinical practice.
On the reactivity of a masked N‐heterocyclic phosphinidene towards carbonyls and isonitriles
Authors: Lüdtke Karsten Paul , Suhrbier Tim , Bresien Jonas , Villinger Alexander , Schulz Axel
Published: December 2023

Reactions of a masked N‐heterocyclic phosphinidene (mNHP, 1), a four‐membered heterocycle with a divalent P atom, with various isonitriles (tBu−NC, Dmp−NC) and carbonyls (CO, Fe(CO)5, and benzalacetone) have been studied. The isonitriles (tBu−NC and Dmp−NC) insert into a P−N bond of the four‐membered ring of 1, leading to the formation of a five‐membered heterocycle (2tBu, 2Dmp), indicating carbene‐like reactivity of the isonitriles. In exactly this way, CO, which is isolobal to isonitriles, reacts to form a five‐membered ring (3) with an exocyclic C=O double bond. If, on the other hand, Fe(CO)5 is used as a CO source, a CO molecule is inserted analogously, however, the remaining Fe(CO)4 fragment is bound via a phosphorus‐iron dative bond to the five‐membered heterocycle. When mNHP 1 reacts with the α,β‐unsaturated ketone benzalacetone, phosphinidene reactivity is observed for 1. This means that the four‐membered ring opens and the P atom reacts with the benzalacetone in a cyclization reaction to form a 1,2‐oxaphospha‐cyclopentene. Theoretical studies of the five‐membered heterocycles 2 and 3 carrying eight π electrons show that zwitterionic Lewis representations dominate in the resonance scheme and only a very low biradical character (<5 %) is found.
Anode Modification of Aqueous Rechargeable Zinc‐Ion Batteries for Preventing Dendrite Growth: A Review
Authors: Li Yanlin , Chen Shenghua , Duan Wenyuan , Nan Yanli , Ding Donghai , Xiao Guoqing
Published: December 2023

Aqueous rechargeable zinc‐ion batteries are suitable for the demands of electrochemical energy storage due to their low cost, high theoretical capacity, power density, and safety. Nevertheless, the anode surface with an uneven electrical field causes the dispersive distribution that can form dendrites and lead to hydrogen evolution during the stripping and plating process, resulting in decreasing cyclability with a rapid capacity fade. Consequently, to solve these problems, the effective strategy of zinc anode is promoted to regulate the interaction that generates on the interface between electrolyte and electrode. In this article, first the challenges of aqueous rechargeable zinc‐ion batteries are discussed and the mechanisms of energy storage and dendrite growth are reviewed. Then, the authors conclude recent research related to modifications of the anode, including surface coating, structural modification, and alloyed or semiliquid anode. Finally, the existing challenges and prospects of aqueous rechargeable zinc‐ion batteries are proposed to provide guidance for future development and boost practical applications.
The impact of an additional copy of chromosome 21 in B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Hormann Femke M. , Mooij Eva J. , van de Mheen Marieke , Beverloo H. Berna , den Boer Monique L. , Boer Judith M.
Published: December 2023

A common finding in pediatric B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCPALL) is that chromosome 21 is never lost and an extra chromosome 21 is often gained. This implies an important role for chromosome 21 in the pathobiology of BCPALL, emphasized by the increased risk of BCPALL in children with Down syndrome. However, model systems of chromosome 21 gain are lacking. We therefore developed a BCPALL cell line (Nalm‐6, DUX4‐rearranged) with an additional chromosome 21 by means of microcell‐mediated chromosome transfer. FISH, PCR, multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification, and whole exome sequencing showed that an additional chromosome 21 was successfully transferred to the recipient cells. Transcription of some but not all genes on chromosome 21 was increased, indicating tight transcriptional regulation. Nalm‐6 cells with an additional chromosome 21 proliferated slightly slower compared with parental Nalm‐6 and sensitivity to induction chemotherapeutics was mildly increased. The extra copy of chromosome 21 did not confer sensitivity to targeted signaling inhibitors. In conclusion, a BCPALL cell line with an additional human chromosome 21 was developed, validated, and subjected to functional studies, which showed a minor but potentially relevant effect in vitro. This cell line offers the possibility to study further the role of chromosome 21 in ALL.
Machine learning approach to predict tracheal necrosis after total pharyngolaryngectomy
Authors: Hidaka Takeaki , Miyamoto Shimpei , Furuse Kiichi , Oshima Azusa , Matsuura Kazuto , Higashino Takuya
Published: December 2023

Background

Tracheal necrosis is a potentially severe complication of total pharyngolarynjectomy (TPL), sometimes combined with total esophagectomy. The risk factors for tracheal necrosis after TPL without total esophagectomy remain unknown.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed data of 395 patients who underwent TPL without total esophagectomy. Relevant factors associated with tracheal necrosis were evaluated using random forest machine learning and traditional multivariable logistic regression models.

Results

Tracheal necrosis occurred in 25 (6.3%) patients. Both the models identified almost the same factors relevant to tracheal necrosis. History of radiotherapy was the most important predicting and significant risk factor in both models. Paratracheal lymph node dissection and total thyroidectomy with TPL were also relevant. Random forest model was able to predict tracheal necrosis with an accuracy of 0.927.

Conclusions

Random forest is useful in predicting tracheal necrosis. Countermeasures should be considered when creating a tracheostoma, particularly in patients with identified risk factors.
Pharmacist dispensing of mifepristone: An opinion of the Women's Health Practice and Research Network of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy
Authors: Rafie Sally , Majerczyk Daniel , Cieri‐Hutcherson Nicole , Campbell Nicole , Stone Rebecca , Leader Lauren D. , Weddendorf Elizabeth , McBane Sarah , Karaoui Lamis R. , Herman Alexandra , Kaczmarski Katie
Published: December 2023

A rising percentage of patients are electing medication abortion over procedural abortion for increased safety and privacy. Access to medication abortion is essential healthcare, but many Americans face unsurmountable barriers when pursuing this option. This has been in large part due to unnecessary restrictions imposed by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) for mifepristone, used in combination with misoprostol for medication abortion. Moreover, many states have imposed additional restrictions on abortion, further impeding access to care. Since its original approval in 2000, mifepristone can only be prescribed by certified prescribers. Until recently, mifepristone could only be dispensed by certified prescribers, whereby more accessible community and mail‐order pharmacies were prohibited from dispensing mifepristone. During the Coronavirus disease 2019 public health emergency, there was a temporary allowance for certified prescribers to utilize mail or mail‐order pharmacies to deliver medications to patients. In January 2023, the FDA approved modifications to the mifepristone REMS to allow certified pharmacies to dispense the medication. Given the established safety and effectiveness of mifepristone, the evidence supports its distribution via pharmacies and leveraging pharmacists to expand medication abortion access. Pharmacists are one of the most widely accessible healthcare providers and their responsibility centers on patient and medication safety and improving health outcomes. This article, an opinion of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy Women's Health Practice and Research Network, adds the voice of members of the pharmacy profession to the collective efforts to ensure access to medication abortion, including pharmacist dispensing of mifepristone. We encourage pharmacists to embrace this fresh opportunity to provide medication abortion care in their communities.
Ground and excited electronic structures of electride and alkalide units: The cases of Metal‐Tren, ‐Azacryptand, and ‐TriPip222 complexes
Authors: Ariyarathna Isuru R.
Published: December 2023

A systematic electronic structure analysis was conducted for M(L)n molecular electrides and their corresponding alkalide units M(L)n@M′ (M/M′ = Na, K; L = Tren, Azacryptand, TriPip222; n = 1, 2). All complexes belong to the “superalkali” category due to their low ionization potentials. The saturated molecular electrides display M+(L)n− form with a greatly diffuse quasispherical electron cloud. They were identified as “superatoms” considering the contours of populating atomic‐type molecular orbitals. The observed superatomic Aufbau order of M(Tren)2 is 1S, 1P, 1D, 1F, 2S, 2P, and 1G and it is consistent with those of M(Azacryptand) and M(TriPip222) up to the analyzed 1F level. Their excitation energies decrease gradually moving from M(Tren)2 to M(Azacryptand) and to M(TriPip222). The studied alkalide complexes carry [M(L)n]+@M′− ionic structure and their dissociation energies vary in the sequence of K(L)n@Na > Na(L)n@Na > K(L)n@K > Na(L)n@K. Similar to molecular electrides, the anions of alkalide units occupy electrons in diffuse Rydberg‐like orbitals. In this work, excited states of [M(L)n@M′]0/+/− and their trends are also analyzed.
Diet quality is associated with adipose tissue and muscle mass: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study
Authors: Isanejad Masoud , Steffen Lyn M. , Terry James G. , Shikany James M. , Zhou Xia , So‐YunYi  , Jacobs David R. , Carr John Jeffrey , Steffen Brian T.
Published: December 2023

Background

Aging is associated with changes in body composition, and preventing loss of muscle mass and accumulation of excess adipose tissue in middle‐aged adults may reduce age‐related conditions at older ages. Dietary intake is one lifestyle factor shown to improve or maintain body composition. However, few studies have examined the Healthy Eating Index2015 (HEI2015), a measure of diet quality, and the association with body composition in adult men and women.

Methods

Participant data (n = 3017) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study were used to examine the associations of the HEI2015 with body composition measures at Year 25 (Y25), including (1) 25 year‐change in weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference and (2) a computed tomography (CT) scan at Y25 measured muscle mass, muscle quality (better quality = less lipid within the muscle), and adipose tissue depots visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and adipose within skeletal muscle (intermuscular adipose tissue; IMAT). Dietary intake was assessed by a diet history three times over 20 years, at years 0, 7, and 20. HEI2015, averaged over three exams, was created and categorized into quintiles. Multiple regression analysis evaluated the associations of body composition stratified across quintiles of HEI2015 adjusted for demographic characteristics, energy intake, lifestyle factors, and baseline anthropometric measures as appropriate. Race–sex interaction was tested (Pinteraction > 0.30).

Results

Over 25 years of follow‐up, averaged HEI2015 was significantly and inversely associated with weight gain (Quintile 1 (Q1) 37.3 lb vs. 32.9 in Q5; Ptrend = 0.01), change in BMI (Q1 5.8 kg/m2 vs. 5.0 in Q5; Ptrend = 0.005), and change in waist circumference (Q1 17.5 cm vs. 15.2 cm in Q5; Ptrend < 0.001). By Y25, HEI2015 was inversely associated with VAT Q1 136.8 cm3 vs. 116.6 in Q5; Ptrend < 0.001) and IMAT volumes (Q1 9.52 vs. 8.12 cm3 in Q5; Ptrend < 0.001). Although total muscle volume declined (Ptrend = 0.03), lean muscle mass volume was similar across quintiles (Ptrend = 0.55). The IMAT/total muscle mass ratio declined across HEI2015 quintiles (Ptrend < 0.001). Finally, higher HEI2015 was associated with better muscle quality at Y25 (higher value = less lipid within the muscle; Q1 41.1 vs. 42.2 HU in Q5; Ptrend = 0.002). HEI2015 was nonlinearly, but inversely, associated with SAT (nonlinear P = 0.011).

Conclusions

Improving diet quality in young to middle‐aged adults is a recommended strategy to promote better measures of body composition. Our study findings suggest that healthier food choices may influence body composition.
Treatment Response Assessment in Multiple Myeloma: Histogram Analysis of Total Tumor Apparent Diffusion Coefficient based on Whole‐body Diffusion‐weighted MR Imaging
Authors: Gao Yuhan , Wang Qin , Zhang Lu , Li Shuo , Liu Dong , Wang Shitian , Zhu Jinxia , Zhang Haibo , Xie Sheng , Xia Shuang , Huang Wenyang , Xue Huadan , Li Jian
Published: December 2023

Background

The International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) consensus criteria for response assessment in multiple myeloma (MM) has methodological limitations. Whole‐body diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis may be complementary to response assessment of MM.

Purpose

To explore the role of histogram analysis of the ADC based on the total tumor volume (ttADC) in response assessment in patients with newly diagnosed MM (NDMM).

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

Thirty‐six patients with NDMM.

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0T/single‐shot DWI echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence with an integrated slice‐by‐slice shimming (iShim) technique.

Assessment

Baseline (median: 1 day before treatment) and post‐treatment (median: five cycles of therapy) whole‐body DWI were analyzed. A region of interest (ROI) containing lesions on every section of baseline image was drawn to derive the per‐patient total tumor data. Post‐treatment image analysis was based on the same ROI as the corresponding baseline. Histogram metrics were extracted from both ROIs. Patients were categorized into the very good partial response or better (VGPR+) group and the less than VGPR group per the IMWG response criteria for response assessment. Progression‐free survival (PFS) was also calculated.

Statistical Tests

Mann–Whitney test and Fisher's exact or Chi‐squared tests, Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and DeLong test, Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards model. A two‐tailed P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Thirty patients were categorized into the VGPR+ group and six into the less than VGPR group. The ttADC histogram changes between post‐treatment and baseline metrics (ΔttADC) revealed significant differences in all percentile values between the VGPR+ and less than VGPR groups. For distinguishing VGPR+, ΔttADC_5th percentile had the largest area under the curve (AUC) (0.950, 95% CI 0.821–0.995). Patients with lower ΔttADC_5th percentile values (cutoff point, 188.193) showed significantly longer PFS (HR = 34.911, 95% CI 6.392–190.677).

Data Conclusion

ttADC histogram may facilitate response assessment in patients with NDMM.

Level of Evidence

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 4
Attribution of differences in observed warming among subregions of China and observationally constrained projection
Authors: Dong Yuchen , Jiang Zhihong , Sun Qiaohong
Published: December 2023

Understanding the impact of different external forcings on regional temperature changes in China and constraining future changes is important for formulating targeted climate mitigation policies. We conducted a detection and attribution analysis to examine the effects of different external forcings on the differences in warming across China and seven subregions. This analysis spanned from 1965 to 2014 and used observations as well as data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models. The signals of anthropogenic (ANT) forcing can be detected and separated from natural (NAT) forcing in all regions, and the effect of greenhouse gases are found to account for a significant portion of the observed warming in these regions. In the Yangtze River Basin, southeast China and southwest China, the observed warming trends are lower than other subregions. This can be attributed to the relatively weak impact of greenhouse gases, resulting in a temperature increase of only 0.51°C in the Yangtze River Basin, which accounts for 48.57% of the observed warming. While both southeast China and southwest China experience a cooling effect of aerosols, leading to temperature decreases of 0.20 and 0.53°C, respectively, even though the signal of aerosol forcing is not detected. In terms of future projection, the use of attribution constraint approach effectively corrects the biases of the CMIP6 model simulation and reduces projection uncertainty in China and most subregions under the new shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5. The Tibetan Plateau has the largest reduction of the uncertainty range among seven subregions, with the decrease of 39.02% under SSP2‐4.5 scenario in the long‐term (2081–2098). In addition, north China and southwest China will experience the highest and lowest warming in the long‐term (2081–2098) after attribution constraints, increasing by 3.41 and 2.14°C, respectively, under SSP2‐4.5 scenario.
Evaluation of Association Between Adenomyosis and Cesarean Scar Defect
Authors: Shakki Katouli Fatemeh , Zebardast Jayran , Tavoli Zahra , Bayani Leila , Azizinik Fahimeh , Moradpour Moein , Mardani Reza , Meimani Najme , Fathi Somayeh
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate and compare quantitative factors of the cesarean scar defect (CSD) in symptomatic patients with and without uterine adenomyosis.

Method

This study was conducted as a case–control study. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups: with adenomyosis (case) and without adenomyosis (control). The demographic data, medical history, and sonohysterography findings were extracted from the patient's documents and archived images.

Result

During 2 years, 310 symptomatic women with a history of previous cesarean section underwent sonohysterography. Among them, 204 patients met the inclusion criteria. The most common chief complaints were post‐menstrual bleeding (34.3%) and prolonged bleeding (27%). Cesarean scar depth and width significantly differed between these two groups, and patients with underlying adenomyosis had significantly larger defects (P‐value of .009 and .005, respectively). Mean RMT/AMT ratio was 31.83% in the case group and 42.88% in the control group. In our study, RMT/AMT ratios were significantly lower in the case group (P‐value of .001). In addition, we performed analysis on a subgroup of patients with one prior cesarean section. Similar results were achieved with a lower RMT/AMT ratio in case group (mean of 31.20% in case group and 46.47% in control group; P‐value of .000).

Conclusion

Our study showed a strong association between the presence of adenomyosis and larger clinically more significant CSDs. To establish a causative relationship, we suggest a prospective cohort study to follow up the patients and compare the evolution of CSD in patients with and without adenomyosis.
Bow and Lean Test for Rare Variants of Vertical Semicircular Canal BPPV
Authors: Martin‐Sanz Eduardo , Chaure‐Cordero Marta , Riestra‐Ayora Juan , González‐Marquez Rocío , Mármol‐Szombathy Irene , Esteban‐Sanchez Jonathan
Published: December 2023

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess the clinical significance of the Bow and Lean Test (BLT) for the diagnosis of different variants of vertical canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV). BLT is commonly used for diagnoses of lateral semicircular canal (LSC) BPPV. However, vertical nystagmus in the BLT may indicate the presence of other variants such as PSC‐BPPV.

Methods

567 patients with vertical canal BPPV were recruited. Patients with anterior semicircular canal (ASC) or PSC‐BPPV were weekly examined until the negativization of BPPV. Nystagmus characteristics during BLT were analyzed.

Results

Of 567 patients with vertical canal BPPV, 1.4% had ASC‐BPPV. BLT was positive in 155 patients, showing patterns like down‐beating nystagmus in bowing and no nystagmus in leaning (15.52% of patients), and down‐beating in bowing and up‐beating in leaning (6.17%), which was predominantly present in PSC‐canalolithiasis. Statistically significant differences were observed in the direction of nystagmus provoked by BLT in PSC‐BPPV subtypes. No significant differences were found in nystagmus latency or duration during BLT positions. Among BPPV subtypes, there was a significant difference in nystagmus duration and latency, especially between cupulolithiasis and other variants. BLT's sensitivity was 0.93 in bowing and 1 in a leaning position, while specificity was 0.93 and 0.82 respectively.

Conclusion

Beyond the LSC, the BLT has expanded to other variants. However, study results differ likely due to variations in patient characteristics and test execution. Currently, no specific features for ASC have been found to differentiate it from PSC‐BPPV limiting the test's use for this variant.

Level of Evidence

3, according to Oxford Center for Evidence‐Based Medicine Laryngoscope, 134:2405–2410, 2024
Controllability under positivity constraints of a size‐structured population model with delayed birth process
Authors: El Gantouh Yassine , Fkirine M. , Simpore Y.
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we study the approximate controllability, under positivity constraints on the control and state, of a size‐structured population system with time‐delayed behavior. In this model, the birth term is non‐local in size and time, which describes the time‐delay in the recruitment process in newborn individuals population. Our control function is localized at birth and corresponds to a supply of newborn individuals. First, we establish the well‐posedness and positivity property of the model. Second, and more importantly, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for approximate controllability under positivity constraints. The method relies on the feedback theory of infinite‐dimensional positive systems.
An Intestinal FXR Agonist Mitigates Dysbiosis, Intestinal Tight Junctions, and Inflammation in High‐Fat Diet‐Fed Mice
Authors: Petito‐da‐Silva Tamiris Ingrid , Villardi Felipe Missiba , Penna‐de‐Carvalho Aline , Mandarim‐de‐Lacerda Carlos Alberto , Souza‐Mello Vanessa , Barbosa‐da‐Silva Sandra
Published: December 2023

Scope

To analyze the effects of fexaramine (FEX), as an intestinal FXR agonist, on the modulation of the intestinal microbiota and ileum of mice fed a high‐fat (HF) diet.

Methods and results

Three‐month‐old C57Bl/6 male mice are divided into two groups and received a control (C, 10% of energy from lipids) or HF (50% of energy from lipids) diet for 12 weeks. They are subdivided into the C, C + FEX, HF, and HF + FEX groups. FEX is administered (FEX‐5 mg kg−1) via orogastric gavage for three weeks. Body mass (BM), glucose metabolism, qPCR 16S rRNA gene expression, and ileum gene expression, bile acids (BAs), tight junctions (TJs), and incretin are analyzed. FEX reduces BM and glucose intolerance, reduces plasma lipid concentrations and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, increases the Lactobacillus sp. and Prevotella sp. abundance, and reduces the Escherichia coli abundance. Consequently, the ileal gene expression of Fxr‐Fgf15, Tgr5‐Glp1, and Cldn‐Ocldn‐Zo1 is increased, and Tlr4‐Il6‐Il1beta is decreased.

Conclusion

FEX stimulates intestinal FXR and improves dysbiosis, intestinal TJs, and the release of incretins, mitigating glucose intolerance and BM increases induced by an HF diet. However, FEX results in glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and reduces intestinal TJs in a control group, thus demonstrating limitations to this dietary model.
Dynamic evaluation of acute lung injury using hyperpolarized 129Xe magnetic resonance
Authors: Zhang Ming , Li Haidong , Li Hongchuang , Zhao Xiuchao , Liu Xiaoling , Han Yeqing , Sun Xianping , Ye Chaohui , Zhou Xin
Published: December 2023

Prognosticating acute lung injury (ALI) is challenging, in part because of a lack of sensitive biomarkers. Hyperpolarized gas magnetic resonance (MR) has unique advantages in pulmonary function measurement and can provide promising biomarkers for the assessment of lung injuries. Herein, we employ hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI and generate a number of imaging biomarkers to detect the pulmonary physiological and morphological changes during the progression of ALI in an animal model. We find the measured ratio of 129Xe in red blood cells to interstitial tissue/plasma (RBC/TP) is significantly lower in the ALI group on the second (0.32 ± 0.03, p = 0.004), seventh (0.23 ± 0.03, p < 0.001), and 14th (0.29 ± 0.04, p = 0.001) day after lipopolysaccharide treatment compared with that in the control group (0.41 ± 0.04). In addition, significant differences are also observed for RBC/TP measurements between the second and seventh day (p = 0.001) and between the seventh and 14th day (p = 0.018) in the ALI group after treatment. Besides RBC/TP, significant differences are also observed in the measured exchange time constant (T) on the second (p = 0.038) and seventh day (p = 0.009) and in the measured apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and alveolar surface‐to‐volume ratio (SVR) on the 14th day (ADC: p = 0.009 and SVR: p = 0.019) after treatment in the ALI group compared with that in the control group. These findings indicate that the parameters measured with 129Xe MR can detect the dynamic changes in pulmonary structure and function in an ALI animal model.
Enhancing cryogenic thermal conductivity of epoxy composites through the incorporation of boron nitride nanosheets/nanodiamond aerogels prepared by directional‐freezing method
Authors: Zhou Zhengrong , Wu Zhixiong , Liu Huiming , Huang Chuanjun , Wang Tao , Zhao Yalin , Miao Zhicong , Xiang Yue , Geng Zhen , He Feng , Xu Dong , Huang Rongjin , Li Laifeng
Published: December 2023

In the realm of electronic circuits, materials with high thermal conductivity are sought after as ideal packaging components. It is crucial that such materials not only possess excellent thermal conductivity, but also maintain desirable dielectric properties. To this end, boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) and BNNS/nanodiamond (ND) aerogels with a three‐dimensional (3D) structure using the ice‐template method were prepared. Subsequently, these aerogels were utilized as a framework to produce 3D‐BNNS/epoxy and 3D‐BNNS/ND/epoxy composites via the vacuum‐assisted impregnation method, which exhibit enhanced anisotropic thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity exhibited by the 3D‐BNNS/epoxy composites outperforms those containing randomly distributed BNNS. The experiment also reveals sintering the aerogel at elevated temperatures to remove the PVA can significantly improve the thermal conductivity exhibited by the 3D‐BNNS/epoxy and 3D‐BNNS/ND/epoxy composites. Importantly, the 3D‐BNNS/ND/epoxy composites illustrate exceptional thermal conductivity values of 1.326 W/(m·K), indicating a remarkable synergistic effect of BNNS and ND in improving thermal conductivity. It is noteworthy to state that the relative thermal conductivity ratio of the 3D‐BNNS/epoxy and 3D‐BNNS/ND/epoxy composites to pure epoxy resin was markedly higher at lower temperatures than the values measured at room temperature, signifying their superior heat transfer performance at lower temperatures. In addition, the composites depict excellent dielectric properties and lower coefficients of thermal expansion values. Finally, the 3D‐BNNS/ND/epoxy composites also have significantly improved Tg (132.5 and 152.6°C). The high‐performance polymer composites described in this study are envisaged for implementation within the realm of electronic packaging materials.
100 Jahre Prandtlscher Mischungswegansatz
Authors: Foken Thomas , Kottmeier Christoph
Published: December 2023

Die untere Atmosphäre spielt in der Meteorologie und Klimatologie eine besondere Rolle, ihre Modellierung ist jedoch wegen des hohen Turbulenzanteils bis heute eine Herausforderung. Ein wichtiger erster Schritt war der Mischungswegansatz, den Ludwig Prandtl vor fast 100 Jahren in der Hydrodynamik entwickelte. Vor 90 Jahren skizzierte er dessen Anwendung in der Meteorologie. Dieser Artikel gibt einen kurzen Abriss der Prandtlschen Mischungswegtheorie und älterer Arbeiten zur Konvektion von Henri Claude Bénard und Lord Rayleigh. Dann beschreibt er deren Anwendung in der Meteorologie, speziell bezogen auf die Atmosphärische Grenzschicht. Er geht auf die Maßstabsbezogenheit atmosphärischer Prozesse, zugrundeliegende theoretische Ansätze und messtechnische Lösungen anhand ausgewählter Beispiele ein und schildert die Bedeutung konvektiver Prozesse sowie offene Fragestellungen.
Pain in pediatric oncology—A Swedish nationwide follow‐up study among nurses and physicians
Authors: Kamsvåg T. , Arvidson J. , Ek T. , von Essen L. , Ljungman G.
Published: December 2023

To examine nurses' and physicians' assessments of pain in children with cancer, and to identify the methods in use to diagnose, evaluate, and treat pain. In addition, to examine whether/how the healthcare professionals' assessment and management of pain has changed compared to 1995 and identify the needs for training. The study has a descriptive and comparative design. 363 nurses and physicians working with children with cancer in Sweden were invited to participate in April 2017. Participants answered an updated version of a questionnaire used in 1995 by Ljungman et al. focusing on the healthcare professionals’ experience of pain among their patients, their pain treatment strategies, and need for training. 120 nurses and 65 physicians participated. Fifty percent of nurses and 55% of physicians answered that moderate‐to‐severe pain was experienced often or very often by children with cancer. Methods recommended in international guidelines to diagnose, evaluate, and treat pain were generally followed. Compared with findings from 1995 by Ljungman et al., nurses, and physicians assessed that moderate‐to‐severe pain was seen more often. The greatest need for training was reported for pharmacology, different routes for administration of opioids, treatment with nitrous oxide, and nonpharmacological interventions. Nurses and physicians assessed that moderate‐to‐severe pain is often present in children with cancer. More time to treat pain in the department and training in certain areas seem to be needed to improve pain management.
Functional validation of A2′N mutation of the RDL GABA receptor against fipronil via molecular modeling and genome engineering in drosophila
Authors: Qiao Xiaomu , Zhou Tianhao , Zhang Jing , Zhang Lixin , Lu Yaobin , Huang Jia
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Insect RDL (resistant to dieldrin) receptors are essential pentameric ligand‐gated chloride channels that mediate the neuroinhibitory effect of GABA, the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. These receptors serve as primary targets for various insecticides, including noncompetitive antagonists (NCAs) such as cyclodiene organochlorines and phenylpyrazoles, as well as allosteric modulators like meta‐diamides and isoxazolines. This study focuses on a newly discovered A2′N mutation within the RDL receptors, identified in fipronil‐resistant planthoppers. Despite in vitro electrophysiological studies have proposed its role in conferring target‐site resistance, in vivo genetic functional validation of this mutation remains unexplored.

RESULTS

Our research employed toxicity bioassays, assessing various Rdl genotypes against a spectrum of insecticides, including fipronil, α‐endosulfan, broflanilide, and isocycloseram. Results revealed distinct resistance profiles for A2′N and A2′S mutants, indicating different binding interactions of RDL receptors with NCAs. Significantly, the A2′N heterozygote showed substantial resistance to fipronil, despite its homozygous lethality. Molecular modeling and docking simulations further supported these findings, highlighting unique binding poses for fipronil and α‐endosulfan.

CONCLUSION

This study confirmed that A2′N mutation of the RDL GABA receptor confer high resistance to fipronil in vivo. The observed resistance in A2′N mutants is likely attributable to a steric hindrance mechanism, wherein the introduction of larger side chains hampers fipronil binding, even in a heterozygous state. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Nano‐Bricks Assembly Toward 1D Metal Oxide Nanorods
Authors: Zhang Yuhua , Liu Xinyue , Li Zhe , Lyu Shuai , Zhou Yiyue , Long Yuhang , Li Jinlin , Wang Li
Published: December 2023

The rational design of hybrid nanocrystals structures facilitates electronic and energetic communication between different component, which can optimize their specific performance. In this study, an efficient approach for building intricate ZnO@h‐CoO nanocomposites and their derivatives is presented, based on a lattice‐match/mismatch mechanism. Due to the ultra‐low lattice mismatch between ZnO and hexagonal CoO (as low as 0.18%), the h‐CoO layer enables epitaxial growth on the ZnO templates, and ZnO can also grow epitaxially outside the CoO layer with ease. Similarly, the thickness of the epitaxial layer and the number of alternating layers can be adjusted arbitrarily. In contrast to h‐CoO, the growth of cubic crystalline oxides (such as MnO) on ZnO results in the formation of nanoparticles due to a large mismatch index (following the Volmer–Weber models). Interestingly, when h‐CoO is introduced as a further component into the MnO/ZnO composite, the cubic crystalline particles on the surface of the ZnO do not disturb the epitaxial growth of the h‐CoO, allowing for the formation of nanocomposites with more components. Furthermore, additional units can be added to the nanocomposite further based on the lattice‐match/mismatch mechanism, which is analogous to the building nano‐bricks.
Local Heat Dissipation and Elasticity of Suspended Silicon Nanowires Revealed by Dual Scanning Electron and Thermal Microscopies
Authors: Sojo‐Gordillo Jose M. , Gadea‐Diez Gerard , Renahy David , Salleras Marc , Duque‐Sierra Carolina , Vincent Pascal , Fonseca Luis , Chapuis Pierre‐Olivier , Morata Alex , Gomès Séverine , Tarancón Albert
Published: December 2023

A novel combined setup, with a scanning thermal microscope (SThM) embedded in a scanning electron microscope (SEM), is used to characterize a suspended silicon rough nanowire (NW), which is epitaxially clamped at both sides and therefore monolithically integrated in a microfabricated device. The rough nature of the NW surface, which prohibits vacuum‐SThM due to loose contact for heat dissipation, is circumvented by decorating the NW with periodic platinum dots. Reproducible approaches over these dots, enabled by the live feedback image provided by the SEM, yield a strong improvement in thermal contact resistance and a higher accuracy in its estimation. The results—thermal resistance at the tip‐sample contact of 188±3.7K µW−1and thermal conductivity of the NW of 13.7±1.6W m−1K−1—are obtained by performing a series of approach curves on the dots. Noteworthy, the technique allows measuring elastic properties at the same time—the moment of inertia of the NW is found to be (6.1±1.0) × 10−30m4—which permits to correlate the respective effects of the rough shell on heat dissipation and on the NW stiffness. The work highlights the capabilities of the dual SThM/SEM instrument, in particular the interest of systematic approach curves with well‐positioned and monitored tip motion.
Interfacial Electron Potential Well Facilitates the Design of Cobalt Phosphide Heterojunctions for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Cao Xiaofei , Tian Jingzhuo , Tan Yuan , Zhu Yucheng , Hu Jun , Wang Yao , Liu Enzhou , Chen Zhong
Published: December 2023

The interfacial electron modulation of electrocatalysts is an effective way to realize efficient hydrogen production, which is of great importance for future renewable energy systems. However, systematic theory‐guided design of catalysts in heterojunction coupling is lacking. In this work, a multi‐level theoretical calculation is performed to screen optimal candidates to form a heterojunction with CoP (101) surface for electrocatalytic hydrogen production. To overcome the weak adsorption of H+ on CoP (101), rational design of electrons potential well at the heterojunction interface can effectively enhance the hydrogen adsorption. All p‐type cobalt‐based phosphides are considered potential candidates at the beginning. After screening for conductivity, stability, interface matching screening, and ΔGH* evaluation, the CoP/Co2P‐H system is identified to be able to display optimal hydrogen production performance. To verify the theoretical design, CoP, CoP/Co2P‐H, and CoP/Co2P‐O are synthesized and the electrochemical analysis is carried out. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance is consistent with the prediction. This work utilizes the electron potential well effect and multi‐level screening calculations to design highly efficient heterojunction catalysts, which can provide useful theoretical guidance for the rational design of heterojunction‐type catalysts.