bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extraction of primary canines for interceptive orthodontic treatment of palatally displaced permanent canines: A systematic review
Authors: Almasoud Naif N.
Published: August 2017

Objective:

To determine whether the successful management of palatally displaced permanent canines (PDCs) can be achieved by the interceptive extraction of primary maxillary canines.

Materials and Methods:

Digital databases (Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane) were searched to retrieve articles published from 1952 to April 2016. The university librarian developed search strategies for each database. Two calibrated reviewers independently reviewed potentially related titles and abstracts. Papers meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were read in full. The selected articles were evaluated and scored according to methodological quality criteria.

Results:

Four randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included in the systematic review. Compared with two older studies, two more recent RCTs were found to have better study designs, were better conducted, and involved better reporting of the results. The included studies compared intervention groups (children with PDCs undergoing extraction of primary canines) with controls (subjects with PDCs but no primary canine extractions). In three of the four studies, the interceptive extraction of primary canines facilitated eruption of PDCs in more than 65% of cases. Overall, the intervention groups had a markedly higher incidence of successful eruption of PDCs (50%–69%) compared with the control groups (36%–42%).

Conclusions:

Based on the available evidence, it is reasonable to conclude that eruption of PDCs can be facilitated by extraction of primary canines. However, further high-quality, randomized clinical trials are warranted in other population groups. It is hoped that this study will help orthodontists make evidence-based decisions about clinically managing PDCs.
INDEPENDENSI, KOMPETENSI, PENGALAMAN KERJA, DAN DUE PROFESSIONAL CARE: PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KUALITAS AUDIT YANG DIMODERASI DENGAN ETIKA PROFESI (Studi Empiris pada Kantor Akuntan Publik se-Jawa Tengah dan DIY)
Authors: Ningtyas Widia Arum , Aris Mochammad Abdul
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the independence, competence, work experience ,and  due professional care to the quality of the audit and the independence, competence, work experience and due professional care on audit quality that is moderated by the ethics of the profession, especially at the internal auditors working in public accounting in Cental Java and Yogyakarta. The population in this study are all auditors who work in public accounting in Central Java and Yogyakarta. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling method, with the acquisition of a sample of 78 respondents. The primary data collection using the questionnaire. The data are analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis and moderated regression analysis (MRA). The results of the analysis proved that the variable independence, competence, work experience, due professional care, the interaction of the independence of the ethics of the profession, and the interaction of experience working with professional ethics partially significant effect on audit quality, while the interaction of competence with professional ethics and interaction due professional care with ethics profession partially no significant effect on audit quality.
PENGARUH ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION, CULTURE ORGANIZATION INTERNAL FACTOR TERHADAP PERFORMANCE ORGANIZATION MELALUI CORPORATE ENTREPRENUERSHIP CAPABILITY PADA UMKM BATIK TULIS DI JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Candra Kartika , Soenarmi Soenarmi
Published: August 2017

This research aims to provide a paradigm change creative businessmen in order to develop business in the manage well with using some variables entrepreneurial orientation, culture organization, internal factor in increasing permormance organization through corporate entrepreneur capability and can increase the level of a large proportion of with the development of entrepreneurial character on the whole community of  UMKM Batik in East Java. Researchers attempting to help to resolve the problems that the economy is still not Optimal yet on the community of UMKM Batik in East Java and an increase in the creative economy that synergy in improve business kinierja in an organization of UMKM Batik in East Java, so that the income level of UMKM Batik in the lands around East Java can rise again. Researchers took samples around 100 people entrepreneurs who have a business UMKM Batik in East Java and using the methods of quantitative analysis and using the appliance  SEM AMOUS analysis and location is specified in the researchers,) is expected to found a positive result against the business development of  UMKM Batik and can help the sales profit level and can improve the level of technology used by entrepreneurs and increase the level of community welfare UMKM Batik in East Java. And to increase the performance of the organization of UMKM Batik in East Java.Key Words : entrepreneurial orientation, culture organization, internal factor, permormance Organization, corporate entrepreneur capability
KOMPARASI EFISIENSI PERBANKAN SYARIAH DAN PERBANKAN KONVENSIONAL DI INDONESIA
Authors: Rosyadi Imron
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this study was to: (i) acknowledge and examine the differences between the financial performance of Islamic banking with conventional banking, (ii) to analyze and explain the differences in efficiency levels between Islamic banking and conventional banking (iii) analyze and compare the efficiency of Islamic banking with banks conventional. The population used in this study is a commercial bank in Indonesia with 124 banking institutions with the details of five state banks and 119 private banks. sample of banking institutions in this study are 5 government-owned banking institution (s) and 12 institutions of Islamic banks. The method of analysis used in quantitative research is descriptive (analytic). Measurement and test efficiency and efficiency ratio of the difference of Islamic banking from conventional banking to use Supplier Data Analysis (DEA) and two different test mean (t-test). The results showed during the observation period 2012-2016, economic activities (banking) of Islamic banks are relatively more efficient than conventional banks Keywords: comparative, efficiency, financial performance
La producción de oraciones relativas en niños mexicanos de seis años
Authors: Barriga Villanueva Rebeca
Published: August 2017

En este número no se incluyeron resúmenes ni palabras clave.
Barbara Konneker y la crítica de la "Narrenidee"
Authors: Reichel Jorn
Published: August 2017

En este número no se incluyeron resúmenes ni palabras clave.
TINJAUAN URGENSI RANCANGAN UNDANG-UNDANG CONTEMPT OF COURT (TINDAK PIDANA PENYELENGGARAAN PERADILAN) DALAM SISTEM PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN NASIONAL
Authors: Dwi Anggono Bayu
Published: August 2017

Beredarnya draft Rancangan Undang-Undang (RUU) Tindak Pidana Penyelenggaraan Peradilan (Contempt of Court) beberapa saat lalu mengejutkan publik. RUU ini telah masuk dalam Program Legislasi Nasional (Prolegnas) 2015-2019 sebagaiusulan DPR. Potensi permasalahan utama terhadap harmonisasi sistem perundang-undangan nasional, pengakuan, penghormatan, perlindungan dan pemenuhan hak asasi manusia sebagaimana dijamin oleh Undang-Undang Dasar Negara RepublikIndonesia Tahun 1945. Dengan adanya sejumlah ketentuan tentang tindak pidana penyelenggaraan peradilan di dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana serta dalam Undang-Undang Kekuasaan Kehakiman,maka urgensi pembahasan RUU Contempt of Court dalam sistem perundang-undangan nasional menjadi penting untuk dianalisis.Kata
KEKHUSUSAN PENGATURAN ENGATURAN PEMERIKSAAN DAN PEMBUKTIAN PERCERAIAN DALAM HUKUM ACARA PENGADILAN AGAMA
Authors: Krisnawati I Gusti Ayu Agung Ari
Published: August 2017

Hukum Acara yang berlaku di Pengadilan Agama adalah hukum acara perdata yang berlaku pada Pengadilan dalam lingkungan Peradilan Umum, kecuali yang telah diatur secara khusus dalam Undang-Undang Peradilan Agama.Pengaturan secara khusus dalam bidang pemeriksaan perceraian di lingkungan Pengadilan Agama adalah dalam cara mengajukan permohonan cerai talak oleh suami dan gugatan perceraian oleh isteri harus diajukan ke pengadilan agama yang daerah hukumnya meliputi kediaman isteri, kecuali isteri dengan sengaja meninggalkan tempat kediaman yang ditentukan bersama tanpa ijin suami. Pemeriksaan cerai talak dan gugatan perceraian dilakukan dalam sidang tertutup dan biaya perkara perceraian dibebankan kepada pemohon atau kepada penggugat.Kekhususan pembuktian dalam Hukum Acara Pengadilan Agama adalah pembuktian permohonan cerai talak, pembuktian dalam gugatan perceraian berdasarkan pada alasan salah satu pihak mendapat pidana penjara, pembuktian dalam gugatan perceraian didasarkan alasan tergugat mendapat cacat badan atau penyakit dengan akibat tidak dapat menjalankan kewajiban sebagai suami, pembuktian gugatan perceraian didasarkan alasan syiqaq, pembuktian gugatan berdasarkan alasan zinah. Untuk macam-macam perceraian yang tidak diatur pembuktiannya oleh Undang-Undang Peradilan Agama diberlakukan pembuktian dari HIR, RBG.
POTENSI HUKUM ADAT: PERAN MAJELIS DESA PAKRAMAN (MDP ) BALI DALAM PEMBANGUNAN HUKUM NASIONAL
Authors: Atu Dewi Anak Agung Istri Ari
Published: August 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa tentang Potensi Hukum Adat Bali dalam Pelaksanaan Pembangunan Hukum Nasional dan kedudukan dan fungsi Majelis Desa Pakraman (MDP) Di Provinsi Bali Dalam Pembangunan Hukum NasionalPenelitian ini merupakan penelitian Socio-legal dengan menggunakan perangkat analisis hukum berupa hermeneutika hukum dan dianalisis melalui teori pluralisme hukum, teori sistem hukum serta teori pembangunan hukum.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa Majelis Desa Pakraman Bali dalam pembangunan hukum nasionalberkedudukan sebagai lembaga independen dan/atau berada di luar sistem Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi Bali yang berfungsi untuk melakukan koordinasi baik dengan pemerintah maupun desa pakraman dalam rangka melakukan penguatan, pemberdayaan dan pembinaan hukum adat dan budaya Bali.Apabila dikaitkan dengan proses pembentukan produk hukum, baik itu produk hukum nasional maupun produk hukum daerah, kedudukan dan fungsi MDP adalah sebagai masyarakat yang berfungsi untuk memberikan masukan baik secara tertulis maupun lisan dalam proses pembentukan produk hukum sebagaimana amanat Pasal 96 ayat (1) UU 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan. Secara sosiologis MDP senantiasa dilibatkan dalam proses pembahasan Rancangan Peraturan Perundang-undangan dan Rancangan Peraturan daerah. Selanjutnya dalam konteks penyelesaian kasus adat, kedudukan dan fungsi MDP Bali adalah: pertama, berkedudukan sebagai Sabha Kerta (Hakim Perdamain Desa) yang berfungsi memutus kasus adat dengan tatacara dan mekanisme yang telah ditentukan. Kedua, MDP berkedudukan sebagai mediator (penengah) dan berfungsi untuk mendamaikan para pihak yang bersengketa. Dengan menganalisis potensi hukum adat Bali, kedudukan dan fungsi MDP maka memberi arah pada peran MDP Bali dalam pembangunan Hukum Nasional.
PEMODELAN JUMLAH ANAK PUTUS SEKOLAH DI PROVINSI BALI DENGAN PENDEKATAN SEMI-PARAMETRIC GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED POISSON REGRESSION
Authors: ASTARI GUSTI AYU RATIH , SRINADI I GUSTI AYU MADE , SUSILAWATI MADE
Published: August 2017

Dropout number is one of the important indicators to measure the human progress resources in education sector. This research uses the approaches of Semi-parametric Geographically Weighted Poisson Regression to get the best model and to determine the influencing factors of dropout number for primary education in Bali. The analysis results show that there are no significant differences between the Poisson regression model with GWPR and Semi-parametric GWPR. Factors which significantly influence the dropout number for primary education in Bali are the ratio of students to school, ratio of students to teachers, the number of families with the latest educational fathers is elementary or junior high school, illiteracy rates, and the average number of family members.
HUBUNGAN PENGARUH PENOLONG KELAHIRAN TERHADAP STATUS KELAHIRAN BAYI DENGAN KONTROL VARIABEL CONFOUNDING DI KABUPATEN BULELENG (STUDI KASUS: PUSKESMAS SUKASADA II)
Authors: DWIJAYANTHI KADEK NOVIA , SRINADI I GUSTI AYU MADE , SUCIPTAWATI NI LUH PUTU
Published: August 2017

One indicator of the Human Development Index (HDI) is the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR). IMR is lower HDI showed a better area when compared with other regions for different values ??of the same indicators. This study aims to determine the relationship between the birth attendants birth status and confounding variables that affect the status of births in Buleleng regency, with Sukasada II health center located in District Sukasada - Buleleng regency as the location of the observed cases of infant mortality. Results of analysis using logistic regression showed that (1) birth attendants, (2) maternal age, and (3) income household heads have a real influence on the status of the baby's birth. Birth status with medical birth attendants have the opportunity to live 2,427 times compared with non-medical birth attendants with controlled variables maternal age and income of the family head.
VARIABEL LATEN SEBAGAI MODERATOR DAN MEDIATOR DALAM HUBUNGAN KAUSAL
Authors: ANTARA I KOMANG GEDE , KENCANA I PUTU EKA NILA , JAYANEGARA KETUT
Published: August 2017

Latent variables are variables that can not be measured directly. In analysis of causal relationship involving three latent variables, one latent variable can be a moderator or mediator variables. Goodness of Fit moderation and mediation model of latent variables is affected by the value of the canonical correlation between moderator/mediator latent variables with the independent latent variables and dependent latent variables. If the value of both canonical correlation is well , so the Goodness of Fit models of mediation is getting better, while the opposite Goodness of Fit models will be better moderation.
PENGKLASIFIKASIAN DEBITUR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA GRAHAM SCAN DALAM PENGAPLIKASIAN CONVEX HULL
Authors: ARIESTA AGUS EKA , GANDHIADI G.K. , TASTRAWATI NI KETUT TARI , KENCANA I PUTU EKA NILA
Published: August 2017

Computational geometry is the mathematical science of computation by using the algorithm analysis to solve the problems of geometry. The problems of computational include polygon triangulations, convex hulls, Voronoi diagrams, and motion planning. Convex hull is the set of points that form a convex polygon that covers the entire set of points. The algorithms for determining the convex hull, among others, Graham Scan, Jarvis March, and Divide and Conquer. In the two-dimensional case, Graham Scan algorithm is highly efficient in the use of time complexity. This article discusses the quest convex hull of the data bank debtors, some of the data used to look at the classification accuracy of the convex hull formed. The coordinates of all the data found by using principal component analysis.After the data are analyzed, we get the accuracy of classification by 74%.
INSTRUMENTO TÉCNICO-PEDAGÓGICO PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE SOFTWARES UTILIZADOS NO ENSINO DE QUÍMICA
Authors: Almeida Ríveres Reis , Quaresma Adilene Gonçalves
Published: August 2017

Este texto toma por referência a dissertação Uso de softwares no ensino de química: potencialidades pedagógicas em busca de um ensino inovador, defendida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão Social, Educação e Desenvolvimento Local do Centro Universitário UNA. Objetiva-se neste artigo apresentar o produto técnico da pesquisa realizada, que compreende um instrumento técnico-pedagógico que permite aos professores de Química avaliarem um software a partir de critérios construídos com base em discussões sobre concepção de aprendizagem. O texto está estruturado em dois eixos centrais. O primeiro compreende a discussão teórica, na qual se avalia a importância da informática no ensino de Química, as concepções de aprendizagem de Piaget e Vygotsky, e faz-se uma breve descrição dos softwares analisados. O segundo, no qual se apresenta o instrumento técnico-pedagógico de avaliação de software. Considera-se que esse instrumento contribuirá para a melhoria do processo de ensino-aprendizagem em Química, pois possibilitará ao professor avaliar softwares de Química, tendo a oportunidade de refletir sobre o uso da informática nessa disciplina. Palavras-chave: Avaliação de software. Ensino de Química. Desenvolvimento local.
COMPETÊNCIAS REQUERIDAS NO COMÉRCIO EXTERIOR: UM ESTUDO SOB A ÓTICA DE ESTUDANTES
Authors: De Camargo Pereira Marcelo Almeida , Felicetti Vera Lucia
Published: August 2017

Este artigo traz uma análise sobre o contexto do comércio exterior brasileiro, as competências do profissional dessa área apontadas na literatura e os resultados parciais de uma pesquisa realizada com alunos de nível superior do curso de Comércio Exterior. Os dados foram coletados através da técnica de grupos focais, sendo analisados via análise textual discursiva. Apresentam-se aspectos sobre a aprendizagem das competências necessárias para atuar na área, sob a ótica de alunos pesquisados. Em relação ao perfil profissional, constata-se, por meio dos autores, que o profissional da área deve agregar competências gerais, como negociação, criatividade, domínio de idiomas, visão estratégica e cultura universal. As opiniões dos alunos participantes convergem com a literatura, pois, para eles, o profissional necessita ter uma formação que contemple conhecimentos aduaneiros e de legislação, negociação, comunicação e aspectos culturais, de modo a melhor enfrentar os desafios do mercado globalizado. Palavras-chave: Estudantes. Aprendizagem. Competências. Comércio exterior. Perfil profissional.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE CRIANÇAS COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO DO AUTISMO (TEA)
Authors: FONSECA Amélia De Lourdes Nogueira da , MORI Maria Romilde Ribeiro , JORGE Alana Cristielen , POI Laiza Pereira , PAIXÃO Tatiane Lucrécia , OLIVEIRA Tayná Fernanda Lopes de
Published: August 2017

RESUMO

O autismo é considerado como uma das síndromes mais desconcertantes e desafiadoras da contemporaneidade. De origem múltipla, muitos estudiosos e pesquisadores consentem que os déficits expostos nas interações sociais e de comunicação, seja verbal ou não verbal, são suas principais características. Partindo deste princípio, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo a utilização de tecnologias digitais com o intuito de promover a interação social, a evolução da linguagem oral e a aprendizagem em crianças com TEA (Transtorno do Espectro Autista). A metodologia utilizada foi a qualitativa explicativa, por meio de interpretações e comparações dos fatos analisados.  Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de caso (preliminar) com um aluno da E. M. Profª Elisabeth M. Cavaretto na cidade de Santa Fé do Sul - SP. Foram desenvolvidas atividades utilizando programas básicos do computador, como Word, PowerPoint e Paint, além de jogos computacionais. Observou-se que após o desenvolvimento das atividades envolvendo as tecnologias digitais, o aluno apresentou melhora no contato visual e na interação com outras crianças, diminuindo o grau de agressividade, que lhe é natural e, também, na realização das atividades pedagógicas propostas.  Mesmo se tratando de um estudo preliminar, pois outros parâmetros ainda serão avaliados, pode-se concluir que o meio digital se mostrou uma excelente ferramenta para a evolução de crianças autistas, uma vez que, houve ganhos cognitivos e interacionais, e novas propostas de intervenção serão estudadas.
O ENSINO NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: FUNDAMENTOS E PRÁTICAS
Authors: OLIVEIRA Ana Carolina Finati de , OLIVEIRA Tayná Fernanda Lopes de , EICK Helena Esther
Published: August 2017

A Educação Infantil tem ganhado destaque no meio científico-educacional nos últimos anos. Dessa forma, os debates e as novas teorias sobre o processo de ensino e aprendizagem de crianças de 0 a 5 anos de idade tornam-se um assunto cada vez mais difundido e relevante no Brasil. Este artigo tem como objetivo repensar conceitos e estratégias de ensino na Educação Infantil, visando um aperfeiçoamento e uma valorização do ensino de crianças até 5 anos de idade. Por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, espera-se contribuir para uma discussão acerca dos fundamentos históricos e didáticos que envolvem a Educação Infantil. Como resultado dos aspectos analisados contatou-se a importância da educação na primeira infância e o papel docente frente ao desafio de vencer barreiras para um ensino de qualidade. Conclui-se com o trabalho que é necessário ao professor buscar um aperfeiçoamento constante e conhecer seus alunos em questões de desenvolvimento cognitivo, a fim de proporcionar a eles um ensino significativo que desenvolva seus potenciais intelectuais, de autonomia e de identidade. A busca pela valorização da Educação Infantil passa pelo rompimento com ideais de ensino ultrapassados e por um olhar para as novas perspectivas de ensino do século XXI, no qual a educação escolar deve formar um cidadão pleno e crítico desde os primeiros anos de vida.
OSWALD DE ANDRADE, MANOEL DE BARROS E ARNALDO ANTUNES: UMA REDE DE LEITURAS
Authors: CARDOSO Débora Natividade , HONÓRIO Francine Dos Santos , CONCEIÇÃO Susana Da , TEIXEIRA Dalberto
Published: August 2017

Este artigo apresenta dois poetas contemporâneos, Manoel de Barros e Arnaldo Antunes, cujas obras remetem à estética de Oswald de Andrade. Essas semelhanças se fazem visíveis na linha primitivista, na inventividade e nos poemas sintéticos deste importante poeta do movimento modernista de 22.  A proposta deste estudo parte das reflexões acerca do legado de Oswald de Andrade e da análise comparativa das obras dos seguidores Barros e Antunes, tendo como método o estudo bibliográfico. Este texto divide-se em três partes: na primeira é apresentado uma breve biografia de Manoel de Barros e de Arnaldo Antunes. Na segunda, focaliza-se Oswald de Andrade e as características do movimento antropofágico, seguido da exposição das similaridades de seus seguidores, na terceira verifica-se a presença dessa herança literária por meio de análises que apontam para a “infantilização” da palavra e de sua transformação como “coisa”. Dessa forma pretende-se mostrar como esses três poetas formam uma rede de leituras, ou seja, eles se inter-relacionam por meio de algumas características próprias da lírica moderna, tais como as experimentações linguísticas, a presença do humor, as imagens inusitadas, o gosto pela síntese e, sobretudo, pelo processo de dramatização da linguagem, que leva ao novo, ao surpreendente, ao insólito.
Islam di Kalimantan Selatan pada Abad ke-15 sampai Abad ke-17
Authors: Azmi Muhammad
Published: August 2017

The theory of the process of the coming of Islam to Indonesia have been assessed and expressed by many experts. Stages of the process in Nusantara is divided into three phases, the process of arrival in the 7th century, the deployment process in the 11th century and the process of development in the 13th century. It also gives influence on the process of arrival, distribution and development of Islam in South Kalimantan. This paper is a review of the literature that gives an overview on the islamization of the South Kalimantan covering the arrival, distribution and development at the 15th century until the 17th century.
“Birdlime” technique using TachoSil tissue sealing sheet soaked with fibrin glue for sutureless vessel transposition in microvascular decompression: operative technique and nuances
Authors: Otani Naoki , Toyooka Terushige , Fujii Kazuya , Kumagai Kosuke , Takeuchi Satoru , Tomiyama Arata , Nakao Yasuaki , Yamamoto Takuji , Wada Kojiro , Mori Kentaro
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVE

Microvascular decompression (MVD) is effective for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN), hemifacial spasm (HFS), and glossopharyngeal neuralgia. The transposition technique is the standard procedure to avoid adhesions and granuloma around the decompression site but is more complex and difficult to perform than the interposition technique. The authors describe a simple and safe MVD transposition procedure they call the “birdlime” technique, which uses a tissue glue–coated collagen sponge soaked with fibrin glue, and the results of this technique.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical charts and radiographic findings of 27 consecutive patients with TN (8 patients) and HFS (19 patients) who, between January 2012 and December 2015, had undergone an MVD transposition procedure utilizing a tissue glue–coated collagen sponge (TachoSil tissue sealing sheet) soaked with fibrin glue (Tisseel 2-component fibrin sealant, vapor heated). Offending arteries among the patients with TN were the superior cerebellar artery (SCA) in 5 patients, the SCA and anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) in 2, and the AICA in 1. Those among the patients with HFS were the vertebral artery (VA) in 3 patients, the VA and AICA in 4, the VA and posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) in 3, the PICA in 4, the AICA in 1, the AICA-PICA in 3, and the PICA and AICA in 1. Operations were performed according to the Jannetta procedure. The offending artery was transposed and fixed to the dura mater of the petrous bone using TachoSil pieces soaked with fibrin glue. Postoperative constructive interference in steady-state MRI was performed to evaluate the change in the position of the offending artery.

RESULTS

Transposition of the offending artery was easily and safely performed in all patients. All patients had total remission of symptoms directly after the procedure. No severe complications occurred. The postoperative course was uneventful. No recurrences, adhesions, or dysfunction of the cranial nerves was observed in any of the patients. Postoperative MRI showed that the offending vessels were displaced and fixed in the appropriate position.

CONCLUSIONS

The described transposition technique provides an easy and adjustable way to perform MVD safely and effectively. In addition, this transposition and fixation technique is simple and avoids the risk of needle injury close to the cranial nerves and vessels. This simple sutureless technique is recommended for MVD to reduce the risk of intraoperative neurovascular injury.
Endoscope-assisted repair of CSF otorrhea and temporal lobe encephaloceles via keyhole craniotomy
Authors: Roehm Pamela C. , Tint Derrick , Chan Norman , Brewster Ryan , Sukul Vishad , Erkmen Kadir
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVE

Temporal lobe encephaloceles and cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea from temporal bone defects that involve the tegmen tympani and mastoideum are generally repaired using middle fossa craniotomy, mastoidectomy, or combined approaches. Standard middle fossa craniotomy exposes patients to dural retraction, which can lead to postoperative neurological complications. Endoscopic and minimally invasive techniques have been used in other surgeries to minimize brain retraction, and so these methods were applied to repair the lateral skull base. The goal of this study was to determine if the use of endoscopic visualization through a middle fossa keyhole craniotomy could effectively repair tegmen defects.

METHODS

The authors conducted a retrospective review of 6 cases of endoscope-assisted middle fossa repairs of tegmen dehiscences at a tertiary care medical center within an 18-month period.

RESULTS

All cases were successfully treated using a keyhole craniotomy with endoscopic visualization and minimal retraction. Surgical times did not increase. There were no major postoperative complications, recurrences of encephaloceles, or cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea in these patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Endoscopic visualization allows for smaller incisions and craniotomies and less risk of brain retraction injury without compromising repair integrity during temporal encephalocele and tegmen repairs.
Volume of cerebrospinal fluid drainage as a predictor for pretreatment aneurysmal rebleeding
Authors: van Lieshout Jasper H. , Pumplün Ina , Fischer Igor , Kamp Marcel A. , Cornelius Jan F. , Steiger Hans J. , Boogaarts Hieronymus D. , Petridis Athanasios K. , Beseoglu Kerim
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVE

Initiation of external CSF drainage has been associated with a significant increase in rebleeding probability after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). However, the implications for acute management are uncertain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of the amount of drained CSF on aneurysmal rebleeding.

METHODS

Consecutive patients with aSAH were analyzed retrospectively. Radiologically confirmed cases of aneurysmal in-hospital rebleeding were identified and predictor variables for rebleeding were retrieved from hospital records. Clinical predictors were identified through multivariate analysis, and logistic regression analysis was performed to ascertain the cutoff value for the rebleeding probability.

RESULTS

The study included 194 patients. Eighteen cases (9.3%) of in-hospital rebleeding could be identified. Using multivariate analysis, in-hospital rebleeding was significantly associated with initiation of CSF drainage (p = 0.001) and CSF drainage volume (63 ml [interquartile range (IQR) 55–69 ml] vs 25 ml [IQR 10–35 ml], p < 0.001). Logistic regression showed that 58 ml of CSF drainage within 6 hours results in a 50% rebleeding probability. The relative risk (RR) for rebleeding after drainage of more than 60 ml in 6 hours was 5.4 times greater compared with patients with less CSF drainage (RR 5.403, 95% CI 2.481–11.767; p < 0.001, number needed to harm = 1.687).

CONCLUSIONS

Volume of CSF drainage was highly correlated with the probability of in-hospital aneurysmal rebleeding. These findings suggest that the rebleeding probability can be affected in acute management should the placement of an external ventricular catheter be necessary. This finding necessitates meticulous control of the amount of drained CSF and the development of a definitive treatment protocol for this group of patients.
Predictive factors of medullary infarction after endovascular internal trapping using coils for vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms
Authors: Aihara Masanori , Naito Isao , Shimizu Tatsuya , Matsumoto Masahiro , Asakura Ken , Miyamoto Naoko , Yoshimoto Yuhei
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVE

The first choice of treatment in cases of vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms (VADAs) is endovascular internal trapping (EIT) of the dissecting segment using coils. However, this procedure carries the risk of medullary infarction, and the risk factors for this complication are not well understood. This study investigated the risk factors causing medullary infarction.

METHODS

One hundred patients who underwent EIT for VADAs were included in this study. Ninety-three patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. In cases involving the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), partial internal trapping targeting the ruptured site was performed to preserve the PICA. The VADAs were classified into the distal VA stump group, proximal VA stump group, and entire VA stump group, according to the location of VA segments without adequate flow-out vessels (such as the PICA [VA stump]) at risk of delayed thrombosis. The occurrence of medullary infarction was examined in each group using diffusion-weighted MRI and/or clinical symptoms. Various measurements were performed on digital subtraction angiography, and the risk factors for medullary infarction were analyzed.

RESULTS

Medullary infarction occurred in 30 patients, affecting the posterolateral medulla in 27 patients and the anteromedial medulla in 3 patients. Medullary infarction occurred in 3 of 47 patients (6%) in the distal VA stump group, 10 of 19 patients (53%) in the proximal VA stump group, and 17 of 34 patients (50%) in the entire VA stump group. The length of trapping was significantly longer in the infarction group than in the noninfarction group but did not differ among the 3 groups. Total length (length of trapping plus VA stump) was a risk factor for medullary infarction in the proximal VA stumps.

CONCLUSIONS

The primary risk factor for medullary infarction after EIT is not the length of trapping; rather, it is the anatomical location of the VADAs. The risk of medullary infarction is low in cases with distal VA stumps, but the symptoms are severe. Preservation of the origin of the anterior spinal artery can reduce the risk of medullary infarction. The risk of medullary infarction is high in cases with proximal VA stumps, but the symptoms are mild. A shorter length of trapping, although less likely to lead to complications, cannot prevent medullary infarction because the total length depends on the anatomical location of the PICA and not on the surgical technique. Reconstructive therapy should be indicated for patients with ruptured VADAs at high risk of severe ischemic complications (e.g., patients with hypoplasia of the contralateral VA or cases involving the PICA or anterior spinal artery, which are inappropriate for partial internal trapping) or for patients with unruptured VADAs.
Standardized method for the measurement of Grabb’s line and clival-canal angle
Authors: Martin Jonathan E. , Bookland Markus , Moote Douglas , Cebulla Catherine
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVE

Grabb’s line—the perpendicular distance from the basion-C2 line (pB-C2)—is a widely used radiographic measurement with significant clinical implications in patients with a complex Chiari malformation. Rigorous demonstration of the reproducibility of this measurement has not previously been reported. The authors report a standardized measurement technique with excellent inter- and intrarater reliability on T1-weighted sagittal MRI.

METHODS

The authors developed a standardized measurement technique that included specifications of midline slice selection, landmark and reference line definitions, and measurement technique on T1-weighted sagittal images. Twenty MR images were reviewed by 2 pediatric neurosurgeons, 1 pediatric radiologist, and 1 undergraduate student. Measurements were performed using the technique specified on 2 separate occasions. Intrarater and interrater reliabilities were calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient.

RESULTS

A combined interrater reliability of 0.879 was achieved for the pB-C2, and 0.916 for the clival-canal angle, another measure of interest in patients with complex Chiari malformations. Intrarater reliability for these measurements exceeded 0.858 for all 4 reviewers.

CONCLUSIONS

Grabb’s line—the pB-C2—can be measured with excellent reliability using a standardized measurement protocol. Individual clinicians and collaborative databases should consider using validated measurement techniques to guide clinical decision making in patients with craniocervical junction pathology.
Delayed osteomyelitis resulting from an extension injury of the cervical spine: case report
Authors: Palmer Victoria , Cohen Randolph B. , Braffman Bruce , Brockmeyer Douglas L. , Spader Heather S.
Published: August 2017

Osteomyelitis of the cervical spine is an exceedingly rare lesion in pediatric practice and is caused by a variety of mechanisms. The authors present a case in which cervical osteomyelitis presented in a delayed manner after the patient experienced a stable cervical extension injury at the C4–5 level. On review of the original images, the authors noted a likely perforation in the retropharyngeal space. This case highlights the risk of retropharyngeal injury in cervical trauma, with the seldom-seen complication of osteomyelitis as a result.
Development of a New Self-Reporting Instrument Measuring Benefits and Side Effects of Corticosteroids in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Report from a Pilot Study
Authors: Hendriksen Ruben G.F. , Lionarons Judith M. , Hendriksen Jos G.M. , Vles Johan S.H. , McAdam Laura C. , Biggar W. Douglas
Published: August 2017

Background:

There is no cure for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD); treatment is symptomatic and corticosteroids slow the progression. Side effects of corticosteroids – especially the physical effects – have been described, however patients’ and caregivers perception on chronic corticosteroid treatment and their side effects is less well known, in particular with regards to cognition, behaviour, and emotional functioning.

Objective:

The primary aim of this pilot study was to (i) construct a self-report questionnaire to assess the perceived benefits and side effects of corticosteroids for patients with DMD and their parents. Furthermore we aimed to (ii) investigate the psychometric qualities of this questionnaire, (iii) whether there was a difference between parents’ and patient’s perceptions, and finally (iv) to what extent reported side effects may alter over time.

Methods:

A 23-item questionnaire (SIDECORT: side effect of corticosteroids) was constructed to assess the perception of these benefits and side effects in a systematic manner.

Results:

In total, 86 patients (aged 5 – 28 years) and 125 of their parents completed the questionnaire. Internal consistency was good. Using factor analyses on the side effect items as reported by parents, two underlying factors were found, with the first factor describing cognitive, behavioural and emotional functioning, and the second factor describing physical functioning. The potential benefits of corticosteroids were highly rated among both parents and patients, although parents rated the importance of the benefits higher than their sons ( p = 0.002). Similarly, parents rated the severity of the side effects generally higher than their sons ( p = 0.011), especially with regards to the physical side effects ( p = 0.014). Based on the parent’s perception, the neurodevelopmental side effects generally appeared to decline the longer corticosteroids were used.

Conclusions:

To our knowledge, this is the first explicit study on perceived cognitive-, behavioural-, and emotional side effects and the allocation of benefits to corticosteroids in DMD. On the basis of our research we suggest a short form questionnaire, which proves to be reliable and valid for research- and clinical practice. This questionnaire could provide useful insights for the care of boys and men with DMD.
What Is the Role of Agro-Met Information Services in Farmer Decision-Making? Uptake and Decision-Making Context among Farmers within Three Case Study Villages in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Nesheim Ingrid , Barkved Line , Bharti Neha
Published: August 2017

Scientific studies of climate and meteorology focusing on India show significant increase in the variability and frequency of extreme precipitation events. The increased variability of weather patterns places a huge constraint on farmer’s ability to make strategic agricultural practice decisions. In response, public and private agro-met information services disseminate agro-met information to farmers. Yet, studies still show that there are constraints related to access and understanding of the information. An agro-met information service is based on scientific input from meteorology coupled with agricultural information and this information package is disseminated to farmers. Based on a study in three villages in Maharashtra, India, we show that the relevance of agro-met information differs depending on the decision-making situation. Several factors play an important role in farmer’s agricultural decision-making. The usefulness of the agro-met information from farmer perspectives depends on the access, salience, and credibility of the information. Some subscribers complained about the credibility and the salience of services, while others painted a more positive picture of the service, arguing that there was value in receiving such information. The subscribers mainly valued agro-met information for the ability to undertake precautionary actions. We found that agricultural decision-making was discussed in different arenas; these arenas represented possibilities for farmers to contextualize agro-met information and thereby translate information to timely and appropriate actions suited to the specific local context.
Pyrolysis Characteristics and Kinetics of Food Wastes
Authors: Jo Jun-Ho , Kim Seung-Soo , Shim Jae-Wook , Lee Ye-Eun , Yoo Yeong-Seok
Published: August 2017

Pyrolysis is an environmental friendly alternative method compared with incineration, and the least time-consuming and smallest infrastructure footprint method compared with bio-chemical and thermo-chemical conversion. Baseline data for the pyrolysis of food waste was obtained in a kinetic study of the thermal decompositions by thermogravimetric analysis. To simulate the difference in the types of food waste, the study was done using model compounds, such as cereals, meat, vegetable, and mixed food waste; the pyrolysis commenced at 150 °C for most food waste and the process terminated at 450 °C to 500 °C. Between one and three peaks were observed on a differential thermogravimetry (DTG) graph, depending on the type of waste being pyrolyzed, reflecting the difference in the time required for pyrolysis of different components of food waste to take place. Depending on the composition of each food, one or four peaks were found, and the pyrolysis patterns of carbohydrate, protein, fat, and cellulose were found. Activation energies and frequency factors were calculated from the rates of conversion, using differential equation analyses. The activation energy increased from 10 kJ/mol to 50 kJ/mol as conversions increased from the 10% to 90%, regardless of the food waste type. The activation energy was measured as 50 kJ/mol, with a slight variation among the type of the food waste. Due to the activation energy being low, food waste consists of carbohydrates and other substances rather than cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.
Geopolymerization Ability of Natural and Secondary Raw Materials by Solubility Test in Alkaline Media
Authors: Liguori Barbara , Capasso Ilaria , De Pertis Marco , Ferone Claudio , Cioffi Raffaele
Published: August 2017

The extent of the dissolution of aluminosilicate compounds is crucial, since the amount of Si and Al initially dissolved is essential for the following polycondensation and can strongly influence physical and mechanical performances of the final product. In order to set up a method to test the ability of a material to react in alkaline media, different aluminosilicate sources have been selected: a mineral resource (a zeolitized tuff), an industrial by product (silt from washing process of construction and demolition wastes), a heat treated clay sediment and a calcined clay (metakaolin). Two test methods, static and dynamic, have been applied to evaluate the attitude of a silicoaluminate precursor to give a geopolymerization reaction. In particular, a fixed amount of precursor was put into contact with a alkaline solution under continuous stirring or in static conditions at 60 °C for fixed times. The dynamic test method seems to be more suitable, since it is faster and requires lower amounts of reactants (solution). Moreover, the dynamic test provides a reactivity sequence (ordered from the more to the less reactive precursor) metakaolin > treated clay sediment > zeolitized tuff ≈ silt both for Si and Al release, which is coherent with the performances of geopolymers obtained by using the above precursors.
Large Introns of 5 to 10 Kilo Base Pairs Can Be Spliced out in Arabidopsis
Authors: Chang Ning , Sun Qingqing , Hu Jinglei , An Chuanjing , Gao and Hongbo
Published: August 2017

Most of the eukaryotic genes contain introns, which are removed from the pre-RNA during RNA processing. In contrast to the introns in animals, which are usually several kilo base pairs (kb), those in plants generally are very small, which are mostly from dozens of base pairs (bp) to a few hundred bp. According to annotation version 10.0 of the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana, there are 127,854 introns in the nuclear genes; 99.23% of them are less than 1 kb, and only 16 introns are annotated to be larger than 5 kb, which are extremely large introns (ELI) in Arabidopsis. To learn whether these introns are true introns or not and how large introns could be in Arabidopsis, RT-PCR analysis of genes containing these ELIs were carried out. The results indicated that some of these putative introns are indeed ELIs. These ELIs are mainly composed of transposons or transposable elements (TE), excepting one, whose counterparts are also very long in diverse plant species. Thus, this study confirms the existence of introns larger than 5 kb or even 10 kb in Arabidopsis.
Response to Comments on Montagna et al. “Evaluation of Legionella Air Contamination in Healthcare Facilities by Different Sampling Methods: An Italian Multicenter Study” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 670
Authors: Montagna Maria , De Giglio Osvalda , Agodi Antonella , Pasquarella Cesira
Published: August 2017

We would like to thank Collins andWalker for their comments and for acknowledging that this is an area requiring more research to improve our basic understanding of Legionella [1]. [...]
Treatment of the First Acute Relapse Following Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Formerly Glucocorticosteroid-Unresponsive Multiple Sclerosis Patients—A Multicenter Study to Evaluate Glucocorticosteroid Responsiveness
Authors: Ehler Johannes , Blechinger Stephan , Rommer Paulus , Koball Sebastian , Mitzner Steffen , Hartung Hans-Peter , Leutmezer Fritz , Sauer Martin , Zettl Uwe
Published: August 2017

Therapeutic options to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses comprise glucocorticosteroids (GCS) as first-line and therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) as second-line treatments in GCS-unresponsive patients. No guidelines exist for the treatment of another relapse following TPE. We retrospectively analyzed the responsiveness to GCS in a subsequent relapse following TPE in previously GCS-unresponsive MS patients. Thirty-seven patients with GCS-unresponsive MS relapses received TPE (relapse A). All patients developed another relapse after the completion of TPE and received GCS again (relapse B). The primary study endpoint was the clinical response to GCS and TPE. Marked improvement was defined as clinically significant improvement in function, moderate improvement as a definite change of symptoms without significant impact on function, no effect comprised unchanged symptoms, and deterioration a worsening of symptoms or new deficits. The secondary endpoint was an improvement in expanded disability status scale (EDSS) scoring. All patients were GCS-unresponsive during relapse A and received TPE. During GCS treatment of relapse B, marked improvement was observed in 10, moderate improvement in 24, and no effect in three patients. The EDSS decreased in 15 patients. GCS might remain the first-line relapse treatment following TPE in formerly GCS-unresponsive MS patients.