bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Midlatitude atmospheric circulation responses under 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C warming and implications for regional impacts
Authors: Li Camille , Michel Clio , Seland Graff Lise , Bethke Ingo , Zappa Giuseppe , Bracegirdle Thomas J. , Fischer Erich , Harvey Ben , Iversen Trond , King Martin P. , Krishnan Harinarayan , Lierhammer Ludwig , Mitchell Daniel , Scinocca John , Shiogama Hideo , Stone Dáithí A. , Wettstein Justin J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. This study investigates the global response of the midlatitude atmospheric circulation to 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C of warming using the HAPPI Half a degree Additional warming, Projections, Prognosis and Impacts ensemble, with a focus on the winter season. Characterizing and understanding this response is critical for accurately assessing the near-term regional impacts of climate change and the benefits of limiting warming to the 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, as advocated by the Paris Agreement of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The HAPPI experimental design allows an assessment of uncertainty in the circulation response due to model dependence and internal variability. Internal variability is found to dominate the multi-model mean response of the jet streams, storm tracks and stationary waves across most of the midlatitudes; larger signals in these features are mostly consistent with those seen in more strongly forced warming scenarios. Signals that emerge in the 1.5 °C experiment are a weakening of storm activity over North America, an inland shift of the North American stationary ridge, an equatorward shift of the North Pacific jet exit, and an equatorward intensification of the South Pacific jet. Signals that emerge under an additional 0.5 °C of warming include a poleward shift of the North Atlantic jet exit, an eastward extension of the North Atlantic storm track, and an intensification on the flanks of the Southern Hemisphere storm track. Case studies explore the implications of these circulation responses for precipitation impacts in the Mediterranean, western Europe and the North American west coast, paying particular attention to possible outcomes at the tails of the response distributions. For example, the projected weakening of the Mediterranean storm track emerges in the 2.0 °C world, though the ensemble spread still allows for both wetting and drying responses.
Impacts of changes in groundwater recharge on the isotopic composition and geochemistry of seasonally ice-covered lakes: insights for sustainable management
Authors: Arnoux Marie , Barbecot Florent , Gibert-Brunet Elisabeth , Gibson John , Noret Aurélie
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Lakes are under increasing pressure due to widespread anthropogenic impacts related to rapid development and population growth. Accordingly, many lakes are currently undergoing a systematic decline in water quality. Recent studies have highlighted that global warming and the subsequent changes in water use may further exacerbate eutrophication in lakes. Lake evolution depends strongly on hydrologic balance, and therefore on groundwater connectivity. Groundwater also influences the sensitivity of lacustrine ecosystems to climate and environmental changes, and governs their resilience. Improved characterization of groundwater exchange with lakes is needed today for lake preservation, lake restoration, and sustainable management of lake water quality into the future. In this context, the aim of the present paper is to determine if the future evolution of the climate, the population, and the recharge could modify the geochemistry of lakes (mainly isotopic signature and quality via phosphorous load) and if the isotopic monitoring of lakes could be an efficient tool to highlight the variability of the water budget and quality. Small groundwater-connected lakes were chosen to simulate changes in water balance and water quality expected under future climate change scenarios, namely representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5. Contemporary baseline conditions, including isotope mass balance and geochemical characteristics, were determined through an intensive field-based research program prior to the simulations. Results highlight that future lake geochemistry and isotopic composition trends will depend on four main parameters: location (and therefore climate conditions), lake catchment size (which impacts the intensity of the flux change), lake volume (which impacts the range of variation), and lake G index (i.e., the percentage of groundwater that makes up total lake inflows), the latter being the dominant control on water balance conditions, as revealed by the sensitivity of lake isotopic composition. Based on these model simulations, stable isotopes appear to be especially useful for detecting changes in recharge to lakes with a G index of between 50 and 80 %, but response is non-linear. Simulated monthly trends reveal that evolution of annual lake isotopic composition can be dampened by opposing monthly recharge fluctuations. It is also shown that changes in water quality in groundwater-connected lakes depend significantly on lake location and on the intensity of recharge change.
Time-variable gravity fields and ocean mass change from 37 months of kinematic Swarm orbits
Authors: Lück Christina , Kusche Jürgen , Rietbroek Roelof , Löcher Anno
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Measuring the spatiotemporal variation of ocean mass allows one to partition volumetric sea level change, sampled by radar altimeters, into a mass-driven and a steric part, the latter being related to ocean heat change and the current Earth’s energy imbalance. Since 2002, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission provides estimates of the Earth’s time-variable gravity field, from which one can derive ocean mass variability. However, GRACE has reached the end of its lifetime with data degradation and several gaps during the last years, and there will be a prolonged gap until the launch of the follow-on mission GRACE-FO. Therefore, efforts focus on generating a long and consistent ocean mass time series by analyzing kinematic orbits from other low-flying satellites; i.e. extending the GRACE time series. Here we utilize data from the European Space Agency’s (ESA) Swarm Earth Explorer satellites to derive and investigate ocean mass variations. We investigate the potential to bridge the gap between the GRACE missions and to substitute missing monthly solutions. Our monthly Swarm solutions have a root mean square error (RMSE) of 4.0 mm with respect to GRACE, whereas directly estimating trend, annual and semiannual signal terms leads to an RMSE of only 1.7 mm. Concerning monthly gaps, our Swarm solution appears better than interpolating existing GRACE data in 13.5 % of all cases, for 80.0 % of all investigated cases of an 18-months-gap, Swarm ocean mass was found closer to the observed GRACE data compared to interpolated GRACE data. Furthermore, we show that precise modelling of non-gravitational forces acting on the Swarm satellites is the key for reaching these accuracies. Our results have implications for sea level budget studies, but they may also guide further research in gravity field analysis schemes, including non-dedicated satellites.
The Imperative of E - Participation in Sustainable Community Development in Ghana
Authors: Kyere Francis , Gyamea Kumah Naana Yaa
Published: November 2017

The study examines some relevance of e- participation in achieving sustainable community development in Ghana. Information and Communication Technology has created an avenue to promote participation, transparency and trust when adopted by government. As a newly discovered political tool, ICT serves as a toolbox for reaching out and engaging the public on governmental policies thereby drawing government closer to citizens in policy and decision making. Through the use of secondary data, the study highlights the necessity for ICT and mostly importantly e-participation adoption in local government administration in Ghana.  Citizens having enough access to their elected representatives and some basic public services through the provision of information communication and technology ensures effective and efficient communication between the government and the people at the local level, while it also provides a door for the citizens to receive feedbacks from the right local government quarters. The study concludes that e- participation enhances effective and efficient government service delivery and enhancing citizen’s active participation in local governance to ensure sustainable development.The paper recommends that the in other to ensure active participation of citizens, government should provide the necessary infrastructure and fast track the adoption of ICT and also the training of local government personnel in the art of e- participation through which sustainable community development can be fully attained in Ghana
O ensino da filosofia por intermédio do cinema: pressupostos teóricos e práticos a partir do projeto cineclube
Authors: Reina Alessandro
Published: November 2017

O presente artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar a possível imbricação existente entre a filosofia e o cinema, bem como a possibilidade de utilização do filme como um importante recurso didático para o ensino-aprendizagem da filosofia e de seus conceitos no Ensino Médio. Investiga primeiramente a relação entre o cinema e a filosofia através dos conceitos de razão logopática e a produção de conceitos-imagem nos filmes propostos por Júlio Cabrera, a partir de sua obra O Cinema Pensa: Uma Introdução a filosofia através dos filmes. Problematiza a questão da dificuldade do jovem contemporâneo diante da tarefa do pensar e do conhecimento, onde o filme coloca-se como um importante recurso didático para o professor, podendo auxiliar o aluno na conquista do exercício do filosofar. Insere a pesquisa no campo educacional através da abordagem do cinema/filosofia com a construção de um cineclube filosófico na escola, possibilitando a aprendizagem da Filosofia através do desenvolvimento da escrita, da leitura e da oralidade por parte dos alunos por intermédio dos filmes, visando o resgate da escola como um espaço de formação humana, social e cultural.
O ensino de filosofia na modalidade EJA para alunos em privação de liberdade
Authors: Bozatski Maurício Fernando
Published: November 2017

O presente texto apresenta o relato de algumas experiências e reflexões sobre o ensino da disciplina de Filosofia na modalidade de Educação de Jovens e Adultos para alunos em privação de liberdade. Tal relato se baseia no trabalho efetuado entre os anos de 2007 e 2008, período em que o autor foi professor no Centro Estadual Educação Básica para Jovens e Adultos – CEEBJA  –  Professor Odair Pasqualini que opera no interior da Penitenciária Estadual de Ponta Grossa-PR. Além de apontar os limites e desafios de tal atividade, sugerem-se algumas diretrizes e possibilidades para o ensino da filosofia em tais condições.
Educação e Agir Comunicativo em Habermas
Authors: Tesser Gelson João
Published: November 2017

A filosofia de Habermas, desenvolvida a partir da teoria do agir comunicativo,proporciona­nos uma base teórica de reflexão, de uma educação racional e crítica tendo como princípio o discurso como o elemento caracterizador do processo de busca da verdade e da construção do saber filosófico e pedagógico como conhecimentos partilhados. A educação é um processo de socialização comunicativa e de auto­organização dos sujeitos. O agir comunicativo é uma atitude reflexiva e é também concebido como abertura de oportunidades para o entendimento abrangente, não restritivo da ação com referência ao mundo objetivo, social, subjetivo e postula a emancipação, verdade, correção, autenticidade.
Da especificidade da filosofia ao seu ensino
Authors: Paschoal Antonio Edmilson
Published: November 2017

Este artigo reúne algumas considerações sobre a primeira das “habilidades e competências” esperadas de um formando de filosofia no Brasil, segundo as “Diretrizes curriculares para os cursos de Filosofia”, a saber, a “capacitação para um modo especificamente filosófico de formular e propor soluções a problemas, nos diversos campos do conhecimento”. O objetivo é demarcar significados da expressão “modo especificamente filosófico” que permitam iniciar uma reflexão sobre metodologias do ensino de filosofia. A hipótese que norteia este trabalho é que na filosofia existe uma imbricação necessária entre conteúdo e método, e não apenas porque nela o conteúdo é o método em movimento, mas porque ela mesma pode ser entendida como um método, na medida justamente em que se configura como um modo específico de apresentar problemas e soluções.
O papel do professor e a função interdisciplinar da filosofia
Authors: Viesenteiner Jorge Luiz
Published: November 2017

Este texto tem por objetivo analizar as condições à interdisciplinaridade filosofica, em dominios por exemplo, da filosofia e da literatura, saberes vinculados tradicionalmente à formação de recursos humanos à educação, na medida em que se compreende a função do professor de filosofia como guardador e interprete da racionalidade, enfatizando sua praxis de "médico da cultura" a partir de tres horizintes gerais:a) o papel de medico da cultura e portanto, um engajamento politico-socialb) o papel do cultivo da formação humanac) a salvaguarda das especificidades teóricas de cada dominio do saber, conjugada com o uso semiótico de cada dominio entre si, em proveito da interdisciplinaridade.
A filosofia e o tutor em EAD no Maranhão
Authors: Da Rocha Gabriel Kafure
Published: November 2017

Os caminhos ou (des)caminhos na formação de professores de Filosofia é uma análise do curso a distância de licenciatura em Filosofia EAD que a Universidade Estadual do Maranhão começou a oferecer desde o ano 2010. Dessa forma, identificando a formação a distancia do professor-tutor de filosofia, caminhamos para desvelar os fundamentos teóricos que norteiam a escolha e a avaliação da maior parte deste processo no que podemos caracterizar a ética do contexto EAD. Chegamos assim a um contexto fragmentário que necessita de novas conceitualizações ligadas ao currículo e novas alternativas metodológicas para a Filosofia EAD.
A relevância do ensino da filosofia existencial na educação básica
Authors: De Araújo David Velanes
Published: November 2017

Este trabalho busca investigar como o ensino da Filosofia Existencial pode contribuir na formação de estudantes da educação básica, considerando que muitos jovens, de todas as idades, inseridos nos contextos escolares, se encontram em dispersão sobre suas existências e projetos de vida. Assim, o ensino de Filosofia Existencial pode contribuir na formação de educandos da Educação Básica trazendo a construção de uma consciência sobre a existência, sobre a condição humana e sobre o sentido da vida e de sua autenticidade.
Estado de exceção: violência, política e história.
Authors: De Araújo Cleber Dias
Published: November 2017

O principio constitutivo do estado de exceção é flagrante nas cartas magnas de países como Eua, França, Inglaterra e tambem Brasil. O princípio é comum: em situações de emergência, o soberano tem autonimia para decidir sobre a suspenção de direitos civis garantidos por lei. Trata-se de uma suspensão jurídica, mediante a qual se instala um vazio, uma anomia.
Nietzsche e a educação: Schopenhauer como exemplo de educador
Authors: De Lima Luciana Vieira
Published: November 2017

Este artigo tem como propósito elaborar uma análise das críticas feitas por Nietzsche à educação e à cultura alemã de sua época, tendo, como fonte a terceira Consideração Extemporânea, intitulada: Schopenhauer Educador. Neste texto, Nietzsche faz um diagnóstico de que existiam três tendências no modelo educacional, que impossibilitavam o desenvolvimento de uma cultura autêntica: uma educação que visava apenas a instrução, a formação de homens dóceis e úteis, e, por último, a questão do eruditismo entre os professores; orientações que serviriam somente ao interesse do Estado, que buscava lucro e propriedade por intermédio de uma pseudocultura. Neste contexto, tanto a educação quanto a formação estavam subordinadas aos interesses do Estado. Contrapondo-se a esta concepção, Nietzsche vê a necessidade de que a educação e a formação tenham educadores que sejam modelos e exemplos, virtudes que Nietzsche encontrou em chopenhauer, por ele não estar em consonância com os valores vigentes de sua época, pois só assim se pode pensar em uma cultura autêntica.
Olimpíadas de Filosofia do NESEF: a experiência do filosofar no Ensino Médio
Authors: Mendes Ademir Aparecido Pinhelli , Horn Geraldo Balduíno
Published: November 2017

O artigo procura apresentar e problematizar as possibilidades de aprendizagem filosófica no Ensino Médio a partir da realização das Olimpíadas de Filosofia do NESEF (Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre o Ensino de Filosofia), ocorridas entre os anos de 2011 e 2015 em escolas paranaenses da rede púbica de ensino. Mais do que um relato de experiências, mostra uma concepção teórica e metodológica de Olimpíada filosófica. As Olimpíadas de Filosofia são compreendidas como uma experiência do pensar desenvolvida por alunos e professores de Filosofia com base na leitura de textos propriamente filosóficos, discussão em sala de aula, elaboração textual e apresentação pública em eventos locais (nas escolas), regionais (em diferentes regiões do Estado) e no encontro estadual com a participação de todas as equipes selecionadas. A mediação docente cumpre função central em todo processo de construção da Olimpíada. Promove a investigação filosófica e a aquisição dos conhecimentos tornando a Olimpíada um laboratório de investigação conceitual (CARRILHO, 1987) e produção filosófica. Professores e estudantes tomam a práxis como categoria central da investigação dos problemas filosóficos da vida cotidiana e dos problemas levantados ao longo da história da humanidade.
A superação política da totalidade a partir do pensamento de Enrique Dussel numa perspectiva filosófica e sociológica.
Authors: Percicotty Altair Gabardo
Published: November 2017

O artigo apresentado tem como objetivo a questão da Superação da Política da Totalidade dusseliana numa perspectiva filosófica e sociológica, no que diz respeito às causas de opressão e dominação que se dão pela ontologia do ser principalmente na modernidade. Enrique Dussel trabalha nessa superação a partir da Analética da Alteridade, no resgate dos mais pobres e marginalizados da América Latina e do mundo periférico. O eu dominador ontológico só pode ser superado pela exterioridade e abertura centrada na ética como filosofia primeira através dos pequenos e excluídos. Toda essa fundamentação filosófica se baseia na crítica aos filósofos do centro sendo estruturada pela Erótica, Pedagógica, Arqueológica e Política, definida como Filosofia da Libertação.
Manifesto do Coletivo do NESEF em Apoio ao Movimento dos Trabalhadores em Educação Pública do Paraná
Authors: NESEF NESEF
Published: November 2017

O NESEF, entidade de pesquisa educacional sobre a Educação Filosófica e o Ensino de Filosofia, atuante há mais de duas décadas na defesa da educação pública, gratuita, laica e norteada pelo ideal da emancipação dos sujeitos vem a público demarcar seu posicionamento quanto ao Movimento Social dos trabalhadores em Educação do Paraná.
Undergraduates’ Attitudes toward Dating Violence: Its Relationship with Sexism and Narcissism
Authors: Erdem Ahmet , Sahin Rukiye
Published: November 2017

In this research, whether the undergraduates’ attitude levels towards the dating violence differed in terms of gender, dating relationship status, being exposed to the dating violence and resorting to the dating violence was investigated. The sample of the study was composed of 1171 undergraduates. In the research, “The Attitudes toward Dating Violence Scales, Ambivalent Sexism Scale, Ambivalence toward Men Scale, Narcissistic Personality Inventory, and Personal Information Form” were used as the data collection tools. In conclusion, significant differences were determined in the university students’ attitudes towards the dating violence according to the different demographic variables (gender, dating relationship status, being exposed to the dating violence and resorting to the dating violence). Moreover, university students’ attitudes towards dating violence were determined to positively and significantly correlate with their ambivalence sexism levels. Ambivalence toward men was determined to positively and significantly correlate with their attitudes towards dating violence. In addition, university students’ narcissistic personality traits were found to positively and significantly correlate with their attitudes towards dating violence.
Factors associated with gerontological career choice: The role of curriculum type and students’ attitudes
Authors: Lee Jung-Ah , Garfin Dana Rose , Vaughn Stephanie , Lee Young-Shin
Published: November 2017

Background and objective: Caring for a growing aging population presents a challenge in contemporary health care. This study aims to identify factors associated with nursing student’s career choice in older adult care and predictors of attitudes toward older adults. Such information is critical to inform effective gerontological nursing education.Methods: Undergraduate nursing students (N = 411) from three nursing schools in California participated in a cross-sectional, web-based survey.Results: In covariate-adjusted analyses, students who had prior experiences taking gerontology-related courses, working with older adults, living with older adults, being confident in providing older adults care, and having lower negative attitudes toward older adults were more likely to consider a future career in gerontological nursing. Students’ confidence in older adult care was negatively correlated with negative attitudes towards older adults.Conclusions: To increase students’ career choice in gerontology, nursing schools should provide more gerontology content in nursing curricula and explore avenues to increase student confidence in older adult care.
Coaching nursing students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in clinical settings: A case study
Authors: Davidson Kathleen M. , Rourke Liam , Sealock Kara L. , Mak Wai Yin
Published: November 2017

Up to 18% of undergraduate students have some form of learning disability, with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) being the most common subtype. Some of these students enter nursing programs. Post-secondary institutions are developing processes to help students overcome traditional academic challenges, however, the demands of clinical practice courses are not easily modified. Effective performance in clinical settings requires nursing students to develop sophisticated executive functions for organization, prioritization, and managing distractions, all of which present considerable challenges for students with ADHD. We present a case study to illustrate the coaching intervention we adapted from the education literature for a nursing student with ADHD who was struggling in clinical practice courses. The most effective coaching strategies helped the student to harness his energy and enhance focus on the task at hand.
Effect of hand reflexology on anxiety and physiological variables among patients hospitalized in the cardiac care unit: A randomized placebo controlled clinical trial
Authors: Rahmani Zohre , Rejeh Nahid , Heravi-Karimooi Majideh , Tadrisi Seyed Davood , Vaismoradi Mojtaba
Published: November 2017

Background and objective: Admission to the cardiac care unit may cause physiological and psychological problems in patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of hand reflexology on anxiety and physiological variables among female patients with acute coronary syndrome hospitalized in the cardiac care unit.Methods: This randomized placebo controlled clinical trial was conducted on 90 female patients hospitalized in the cardiac care unit in an urban area of Iran. The patients were chosen using a convenient sampling method and then were randomly assigned into intervention (n = 45) and placebo (n = 45) groups. While the intervention group received hand reflexology for 20 minutes, the placebo group received a simple touch of hand without the stimulation of reflexology points.  Demographic data was collected at the beginning of the study using face-to-face interviews with the patients. The anxiety level was assessed using the Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) immediately after the intervention and 30 min after the intervention. Also, physiological variables including respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen saturation were measured before, immediately after the intervention and 30 minutes after the intervention. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the intervention and placebo groups before the intervention (p > .05). The anxiety level in the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the placebo group immediately after the intervention and 30 minutes after the intervention (p < .05, η = 0.090). However, no statistically significant differences in physiological variables between the groups were observed (p > .05).Conclusions: Hand reflexology influenced the level of anxiety. Therefore, nurses can use hand reflexology as a method for reducing patients’ anxiety along with other nursing interventions.
The Moderating Role of Staff Efficiency in the Relationship between Bank’s Specific Variables and Liquidity Risk in Islamic Banks of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries
Authors: Shamas Ghanim , Zainol Zairani , Zainol Zairy
Published: November 2017

The efficiency of bank’s staff plays a crucial role in managing and mitigating the financial risks like liquidity risk. The aim of this paper is to propose a conceptual model/framework for investigating the moderating role of staff efficiency on the relationship between bank’s specific variables and liquidity risk in Islamic banks in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). GCC economies depend heavily on oil revenues which makes it subject to oil prices fluctuations. Therefore, liquidity in GCC banks, especially Islamic banks almost always suffers liquidity pressure. Thus, the issue of liquidity in this region has grown in importance in light of recent oil decline. Several attempts have been made to investigate the determinants of liquidity risk, yet the findings lack consistency. Most of the previous studies have ignored GCC region and have focused on other environments like credit risk but gave less attention to the moderating role of staff efficiency function in the Islamic banks with respect to liquidity risk. This paper offers a framework by adding a moderator of staff efficiency to the existing models of the bank’s specific determinants of liquidity risk with a particular attention to the GCC countries which are heavily dependent on oil revenues and always are subject to the impact of oil prices instabilities. Many stakeholders should benefit from the outcomes of this study. It should pave the way for bankers, regulators, investors and researchers to have a better understanding and insight about the factors that affect liquidity risk in the aforesaid banks.
Ověření konceptu akademického optimismu na českých školách druhého stupně povinného vzdělávání
Authors: Straková Jana , Simonová Jaroslava , Greger David
Published: November 2017

Výzkumy efektivity školního vzdělávání poukázaly na význam přesvědčení a postojů učitelů pro vyučování a učení žáků. Přesvědčení a postoje zásadně ovlivňují chování učitelů a jejich přístup k žákům a jejich rodičům. Změna přesvědčení je nezbytným předpokladem pro změnu práce učitelů a vzdělávání obecně. Přesvědčení učitelů jsou v pedagogickém výzkumu konceptualizována mnoha různými způsoby, tato studie si klade za cíl lokalizovat nástroje na měření konceptu akademického optimismu. Akademický optimismus je konceptualizován ve dvou podobách – jako kolektivní charakteristika pedagogického sboru a jako individuální charakteristika každého jednotlivého učitele – a kombinuje tři důležité aspekty učitelova profesního kréda: vnímání vlastních učitelských dovedností a možností pedagogické práce, důvěru k žákům a jejich rodičům a důraz na studijní výsledky. Studie lokalizuje oba koncepty a klade si za cíl vybrat vhodnější z nich pro české prostředí. Zároveň zkoumá souvislost mezi akademickým optimismem a výsledkem žáků. V analýzách jsou využita data z šetření na 39 základních školách získaná od 325 učitelů a 1316 žáků 9. ročníků v rámci šetření projektu Kalibro v roce 2016. Dvouúrovňová konfirmační analýza ukázala použitelnost obou modelů, přičemž vhodnějším pro české prostředí se jeví model individuální. Dvouúrovňové strukturní modelování neprokázalo na tomto limitovaném výběru žáků souvislost mezi akademickým optimismem a výsledky žáků v matematice, tuto souvislost bude nutno ověřit na reprezentativním výběru s využitím testů více zohledňujících současnou kurikulární normu.
Role of Antiplatelet Therapy in Stroke Prevention in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Manaktala Rohini , Kluger Jeffrey
Published: November 2017

Patients with atrial fibrillation are at increased risk of having a cardioembolic stroke. The use of oral anticoagulation is now well established to prevent strokes in patients with atrial fibrillation and a CHA2DS2-VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years [2 points], diabetes mellitus, prior stroke/transient ischemic attack or thromboembolism [2 points], vascular disease, age 65 to 74 years, and sex category) score of greater than 1, beyond sex. However, the role of antiplatelet therapy, specifically aspirin in low-risk patients or as an alternative to oral anticoagulation, remains controversial. The most recent US guidelines conflict with the European guidelines, which do not recommend antiplatelet monotherapy for stroke prevention irrespective of stroke risk. The aim of this review is to summarize published studies that question the role of aspirin in preventing strokes associated with atrial fibrillation. Overall, aspirin is found to play a limited role in the prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation and is associated with a similar risk of hemorrhagic events compared with anticoagulants. The benefit of dual antiplatelet therapy as an alternative to oral anticoagulation requires further study.
Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment for the Management of Adjacent Segment Pathology
Authors: Lewis Drew D. , Summers Garth K.
Published: November 2017

Adjacent segment pathology is an adverse effect of spinal fusion that precipitates accelerated spinal degenerative changes at vertebral segments contiguous with the fused vertebrae. The accelerated degeneration related to ASP can be challenging to manage, as it can lead to conditions such as radiculopathy and can create the need for reoperation. In the present case, a 50-year-old woman with a previous spinal fusion presented with a 1-year history of progressive low back pain, lumbar radiculopathy, and sciatica. Osteopathic manipulative treatment was used to manage her pain, and the patient reported that the treatment provided long-term resolution of her sciatica symptoms. This case demonstrates an effective use of osteopathic manipulative treatment in the conservative management of lumbar radiculopathy related to adjacent segment pathology.
Challenging Case of Parotitis: A Comprehensive Approach
Authors: Patel Puja , Scott Shannon , Cunningham Sean
Published: November 2017

The diagnosis and management of parotitis can be challenging. Patients often present with pain and edema in the neck, jaw, head, and ear due to congestion of the gland. Parotitis is typically caused by an infection within the parotid gland and surrounding lymph nodes, and the infection can spread to nearby cervical fascial planes and cause major complications if not managed successfully. Specific guidelines for the outpatient management of parotitis are limited, and outpatient treatment failures are common, requiring inpatient therapy with multiple broad-spectrum antibiotics. In the current case, a comprehensive patient-centered approach was used to treat a woman whose overlapping clinical conditions, lifestyle, and work factors led to an infection of the parotid gland.
La desinformación en la sociedad actual
Authors: Fraguas de Pablo María
Published: November 2017

Aunque la Real Academia de la Lengua Española haya definido, hace aproximadamente dos años, "desinformar" como "dar información intencionalmente manipulada al servicio de ciertos fines" y a la "desinformación"' como "el acto de desinformar", muchos siguen pensando que ésta no es más que la falta de información. Cuando hace años empezamos nuestro trabajo, inspirados por lo que en varios países extranjeros, especialmente en Francia, se estaba escribiendo sobre el tema, la Real Academia no se había pronunciado aún. Tuvimos por consiguiente una gran alegría al ver que había "legalizado" el término mediante tan oportuna definición...
La prensa y el estado de sitio
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Lecaros María José
Published: November 2017

La implantación del estado de sitio en Chile en noviembre de 1984 supuso una serie de restricciones a la prensa que incluyeron desde la censura parcial hasta la suspensión temporal de algunas publicaciones. Pareció interesante iniciar de inmediato un ¿studio sobre el margen de incidencia que estas normativas legales estaban produciendo. Tradicionalmente este tipo de estudio sigue dos direcciones: o el estudio resalta el tema de la desinformación, la credibilidad, etc., o, se centra en el efecto dentro del propio sistema informativo. Es este último el objeto de la presente investigación. La interrogante se planteó en los siguientes términos: ¿ha incidido el estado de sitio en el sistema informativo chileno? y -como cuestión previa- ¿es mensurable esta incidencia?...
Libertad de prensa
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santa Cruz Lucia
Published: November 2017

Tal vez por una deformación profesional, propia de quien ha intentado estudiar la historia de las ideas, no podría iniciar un análisis acerca de la libertad de prensa sin tratar de enmarcarla dentro de una definición conceptual acerca de lo que es la idea de libertad en su sentido más amplio, por cuanto algunas de las distorsiones que operan en el libre funcionamiento de la libertad de expresión provienen de, o están vinculadas a, confusiones que existen al respecto. Al igual que la palabra democracia, la libertad ha pasado a ser una aspiración universal y una legitimación de los más diversos sistemas filosóficos y políticos..
La integración y los medios de comunicación
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Gevert P. Lucia
Published: November 2017

Se me ha encomendado enfocar el proceso de integración desde el punto de vista de los medios de comunicación de masas. Para ello creo que es prudente recordar los tres pilares sobre los que se basa la profesión periodística. Ellos son en primer lugar informar, luego entretener y también, por cierto, formar. Se ha discutido mucho cuál de estos tres aspectos debe ser prioritario, olvidando, me parece, que sea cual sea el modo como se entregue una información, siempre se está formando, aunque a veces se lo haga en un sentido negativo.
Colegiatura periodistica y Derechos Humanos
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Sole Luis Alberto
Published: November 2017

El 13 de noviembre de 1985 la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, mediante el voto unánime de sus seis jueces, emitió una opinión consultiva declarando "que la colegiación obligatoria de periodistas, en cuanto impida el acceso de cualquier persona al uso pleno de los medios de comunicación social como vehículo para expresarse o para transmitir información, es incompatible con el artículo 13 de la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos". También por unanimidad declaró que la ley del Colegio de Periodistas de Costa Rica, "en cuanto impide a ciertas personas el pertenecer al Colegio de Periodistas y, por consiguiente, el uso pleno de los medios de domunicación social como vehículo para expresarse y transmitir información es también incomptible con el artículo 13 de la Convención mencionada"...
Modulation Analysis of Whistler Mode Sidebands in VLF‐Triggered Emissions and Implications for Conditions of Nonlinear Growth
Authors: Costabile Jamie D. , Gołkowski Mark , Wall Randall E.
Published: November 2017

Experimental observations of very low frequency (VLF) triggered emissions are an important resource in investigation of nonlinear wave‐particle interactions between whistler mode waves and energetic electrons in the Earth's radiation belts. Magnetospherically generated whistler mode sidebands observed during the Siple Station wave injection experiment are analyzed using a mixed modulation model and the MINUIT minimization package. The observed sidebands are found to exhibit features of both amplitude and frequency modulation of the input carrier wave with frequency modulation becoming more prominent as the observed amplitudes of the carrier and sidebands increase. A nonlinear whistler mode wave growth formulation based on phase bunching of counterstreaming electrons within a well‐defined phase trap is shown to reproduce the salient features of the sideband observations. Whistler mode sideband amplitude is shown to be affected by the shape and uniformity of the trap.
Mixed‐Mode Slip Behavior of the Altotiberina Low‐Angle Normal Fault System (Northern Apennines, Italy) through High‐Resolution Earthquake Locations and Repeating Events
Authors: Valoroso Luisa , Chiaraluce Lauro , Di Stefano Raffaele , Monachesi Giancarlo
Published: November 2017

We generated a 4.5‐year‐long (2010–2014) high‐resolution earthquake catalogue, composed of ~37,000 events with ML < 3.9 and MC = 0.5 completeness magnitude, to report on the seismic activity of the Altotiberina (ATF) low‐angle normal fault system and to shed light on the mechanical behavior and seismic potential of this fault, which is capable of generating a M7 event. Seismicity defines the geometry of the fault system composed of the low‐angle (15°–20°) ATF, extending for ~50 km along strike and between 4 and 16 km at depth showing an ~1.5 km thick fault zone made of multiple subparallel slipping planes, and a complex network of synthetic/antithetic higher‐angle segments located in the ATF hanging wall (HW) that can be traced along strike for up to 35 km. Ninety percent of the recorded seismicity occurs along the high‐angle HW faults during a series of minor, sometimes long‐lasting (months) seismic sequences with multiple MW3+ mainshocks. Remaining earthquakes (ML < 2.4) are released instead along the low‐angle ATF at a constant rate of ~2.2 events per day. Within the ATF‐related seismicity, we found 97 clusters of repeating earthquakes (RE), mostly consisting of doublets occurring during short interevent time (hours). RE are located within the geodetically recognized creeping portions of the ATF, around the main locked asperity. The rate of occurrence of RE seems quite synchronous with the ATF‐HW seismic release, suggesting that creeping may guide the strain partitioning in the ATF system. The seismic moment released by the ATF seismicity accounts for 30% of the geodetic one, implying aseismic deformation. The ATF‐seismicity pattern is thus consistent with a mixed‐mode (seismic and aseismic) slip behavior.
Magnetotelluric Imaging of the Lithosphere Across the Variscan Orogen (Iberian Autochthonous Domain, NW Iberia)
Authors: Alves Ribeiro J. , Monteiro‐Santos F. A. , Pereira M. F. , Díez Fernández R. , Dias da Silva Í. , Nascimento C. , Silva J. B.
Published: November 2017

A new magnetotelluric (MT) survey comprising 17 MT soundings throughout a 30 km long N30°W transect in the Iberian autochthons domain of NW Iberia (Central Iberian Zone) is presented. The 2‐D inversion model shows the resistivity structure of the continental crust up to 10 km depth, heretofore unavailable for this region of the Variscan Orogen. The MT model reveals a wavy structure separating a conductive upper layer underlain by a resistive layer, thus picturing the two main tectonic blocks of a large‐scale D2 extensional shear zone (i.e., Pinhel shear zone). The upper layer represents a lower grade metamorphic domain that includes graphite‐rich rocks. The lower layer consists of high‐grade metamorphic rocks that experienced partial melting and are associated with granites (more resistive) emplaced during crustal thinning. The wavy structure is the result of superimposed crustal shortening responsible for the development of large‐scale D3 folds (e.g., Marofa synform), later deflected and refolded by a D4 strike‐slip shear zone (i.e., Juzbado‐Penalva do Castelo shear zone). The later contribution to the final structure of the crust is marked by the intrusion of postkinematic granitic rocks and the propagation of steeply dipping brittle fault zones. Our study demonstrates that MT imaging is a powerful tool to understand complex crustal structures of ancient orogens in order to design future prospecting surveys for mineral deposits of economic interest.
Imprint of Rupture Directivity From Ground Motions of the 24 August 2016 Mw6.2 Central Italy Earthquake
Authors: Ren Yefei , Wang Hongwei , Wen Ruizhi
Published: November 2017

An Mw6.2 earthquake occurred in Central Italy on 24 August 2016. The objective of this study was to reveal the imprint of rupture directivity using the strong motion recordings. The strong motion stations were separated into two groups: southeast (SE) and northwest (NW). The effects of rupture directivity on the peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV), and pseudo spectral acceleration (PSA) were investigated. The observed values of these parameters were compared with predicted values derived from ground motion prediction equations. The results showed that the residuals between the observed and predicted PGAs, PGVs, and PSAs at periods of T < 1 s were correlated significantly with azimuth angle and generally larger in the NW sector, reflecting that the observed PGAs, PGVs, and short‐period PSAs in the NW sector were generally larger than observed in the SE sector. These phenomena are accordant with the theoretical law that the rupture directivity causes higher amplitudes in the forward direction compared with the backward direction. Finally, selected source rupture parameters were inverted using PGAs and PGVs. This revealed that the rupture was predominantly unilateral rupture, the major rupture was likely at an azimuth of ~360°, and the length of the major rupture was proportional to 70%–100% of the total ruptured fault, confirming that rupture directivity caused the differences in the ground motions observed in the SE and NW sectors.
Evaluating Spatial Variability in Sediment and Phosphorus Concentration‐Discharge Relationships Using Bayesian Inference and Self‐Organizing Maps
Authors: Underwood Kristen L. , Rizzo Donna M. , Schroth Andrew W. , Dewoolkar Mandar M.
Published: November 2017

Given the variable biogeochemical, physical, and hydrological processes driving fluvial sediment and nutrient export, the water science and management communities need data‐driven methods to identify regions prone to production and transport under variable hydrometeorological conditions. We use Bayesian analysis to segment concentration‐discharge linear regression models for total suspended solids (TSS) and particulate and dissolved phosphorus (PP, DP) using 22 years of monitoring data from 18 Lake Champlain watersheds. Bayesian inference was leveraged to estimate segmented regression model parameters and identify threshold position. The identified threshold positions demonstrated a considerable range below and above the median discharge—which has been used previously as the default breakpoint in segmented regression models to discern differences between pre and post‐threshold export regimes. We then applied a Self‐Organizing Map (SOM), which partitioned the watersheds into clusters of TSS, PP, and DP export regimes using watershed characteristics, as well as Bayesian regression intercepts and slopes. A SOM defined two clusters of high‐flux basins, one where PP flux was predominantly episodic and hydrologically driven; and another in which the sediment and nutrient sourcing and mobilization were more bimodal, resulting from both hydrologic processes at post‐threshold discharges and reactive processes (e.g., nutrient cycling or lateral/vertical exchanges of fine sediment) at prethreshold discharges. A separate DP SOM defined two high‐flux clusters exhibiting a bimodal concentration‐discharge response, but driven by differing land use. Our novel framework shows promise as a tool with broad management application that provides insights into landscape drivers of riverine solute and sediment export.
Parameterizing the Spatial Markov Model From Breakthrough Curve Data Alone
Authors: Sherman Thomas , Fakhari Abbas , Miller Savannah , Singha Kamini , Bolster Diogo
Published: November 2017

The spatial Markov model (SMM) is an upscaled Lagrangian model that effectively captures anomalous transport across a diverse range of hydrologic systems. The distinct feature of the SMM relative to other random walk models is that successive steps are correlated. To date, with some notable exceptions, the model has primarily been applied to data from high‐resolution numerical simulations and correlation effects have been measured from simulated particle trajectories. In real systems such knowledge is practically unattainable and the best one might hope for is breakthrough curves (BTCs) at successive downstream locations. We introduce a novel methodology to quantify velocity correlation from BTC data alone. By discretizing two measured BTCs into a set of arrival times and developing an inverse model, we estimate velocity correlation, thereby enabling parameterization of the SMM in studies where detailed Lagrangian velocity statistics are unavailable. The proposed methodology is applied to two synthetic numerical problems, where we measure all details and thus test the veracity of the approach by comparison of estimated parameters with known simulated values. Our results suggest that our estimated transition probabilities agree with simulated values and using the SMM with this estimated parameterization accurately predicts BTCs downstream. Our methodology naturally allows for estimates of uncertainty by calculating lower and upper bounds of velocity correlation, enabling prediction of a range of BTCs. The measured BTCs fall within the range of predicted BTCs. This novel method to parameterize the SMM from BTC data alone is quite parsimonious, thereby widening the SMM's practical applicability.