bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in micronutrient intake and factors associated with this change among older Australian men: the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project
Authors: Das Arpita , Cumming Robert G , Naganathan Vasi , Blyth Fiona , Le Couteur David G , Handelsman David J , Ribeiro Rosilene V , Waite Louise M , Simpson Stephen J , Hirani Vasant
Published: September 2020

Objectives:

To examine changes in micronutrient intake over 3 years and identify any associations between socio-economic, health, lifestyle and meal-related factors and these changes in micronutrient intakes among older men.

Design:

Prospective study.

Setting:

Dietary adequacy of individual micronutrient was compared to the estimated average requirement of the nutrient reference values (NRV). Attainment of the NRV for twelve micronutrients was incorporated into a dichotomised variable ‘not meeting’ (meeting ≤ 6) or ‘meeting’ (meeting ≥ 7) and categorised into four categories to assess change in micronutrient intake over 3 years. The multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to model predictors of changes in micronutrient intake.

Participants:

Seven hundred and ninety-four men participated in a detailed diet history interview at the third wave (baseline nutrition) and 718 men participated at the fourth wave (3-year follow-up).

Results:

The mean age was 81 years (range 75–99 years). Median intakes of the majority of micronutrients decreased significantly over a 3-year follow-up. Inadequacy of the NRV for thiamine, dietary folate, Zn, Mg, Ca and I were significantly increased at a 3-year follow-up than baseline nutrition. The incidence of inadequate micronutrient intake was 21 % and remained inadequate micronutrient intake was 16·4 % at 3-year follow-up. Changes in micronutrient intakes were significantly associated with participants born in the UK and Italy, low levels of physical activity, having ≥2 medical conditions and used meal services.

Conclusions:

Micronutrient intake decreases with age in older men. Our results suggest that strategies to improve some of the suboptimal micronutrient intakes might need to be developed and implemented for older men.
Poverty and food insecurity may increase as the threat of COVID-19 spreads
Authors: Pereira Marcos , Oliveira Ana Marlucia
Published: September 2020

This article discusses the relationship between both poverty and food insecurity (FI) and the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as presenting possible strategies and actions for increasing social protection in the fight against these conditions in the current epidemiological context, especially for low-income countries. This is a narrative review concerning COVID-19, poverty, and food and nutritional insecurity. The COVID-19 pandemic may increase poverty and FI levels, resulting from the absence of or weak political, economic and social interventions to maintain jobs, as well as compromised food production and distribution chains and reduced access to healthy foods in different countries around the world, especially the poorest ones, where social and economic inequality was already historically high; the pandemic heightens and uncovers the vulnerability of poor populations. Public policies focused on guaranteeing the human right to adequate food must be improved and implemented for populations in contexts of poverty with the aim of providing food security.
A review of radiation induced abscopal effect: combining radiotherapy and immunotherapy to treat the untreated distant metastatic tumours
Authors: Osei Ernest , Francis Ruth , Sheraz Lyba
Published: September 2020

Background:

Radiotherapy is an effective and significant mode of definitive cancer treatment with well-established local tumour control success, especially in the treatment of localised tumours. Although, for metastatic disease, the role of radiotherapy has generally been limited to palliation of symptoms. In the treatment of metastatic diseases settings, the radiation therapy technique has always been confronted with the challenge of the simultaneous treatment of all of the various distant metastatic tumour sites, however, some recent evidence suggests that radiotherapy can potentially induce anticancer immune responses whose effectors potentially migrate to distant metastatic tumours to provoke their regression in cancer patients. Thus, unirradiated distant metastatic tumour sites can exhibit a delayed therapeutic response termed the abscopal effect.

Materials and methods:

This paper reports on a review of the abscopal effect, including its biological mechanism, the effect of radiation dose and fractionation regime and the timing of immunotherapy administration on radiotherapy-induced abscopal effect, the enhancement of radiotherapy-induced abscopal effects with immunotherapy, the effect of the location of the irradiated tumour and the radiotherapy of multiple tumour sites on the likelihood and effectiveness of inducing abscopal responses in the preclinical and clinical settings and also reports on some evidence of clinical observations in patients.

Conclusions:

Although abscopal effects of radiotherapy are still relatively rare in patients, it has gained a lot of interest due to recent development and use of immunotherapy strategies incorporating combinations of targeted immunomodulators and immune checkpoint blockade with radiation therapy. The enhancement of cancer immunotherapy could potentially enable the translation of the concept of abscopal effect into the clinics as a new strategy to induce therapeutically effective anti-tumour immune responses in cancer patients. The combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy has the potential to expand the role of radiotherapy from a purely local tumour control treatment to play a significant role in advanced and metastatic tumour control and this could likely lead to a paradigm shift in the treatment of patients with metastatic cancer.
Neutron radiation effects on microcomputers in radiation therapy environments
Authors: Herrington Josiah , Ferreira Clara , Chen Yong , Ahmad Salahuddin
Published: September 2020

Aim:

Microcomputers play an increasingly important role in the delivery of radiation therapy. Exposure to neutron irradiation can produce undesirable effects in modern microcomputers. The objective of this study is to measure acute and cumulative effects of neutron exposure of Intel-based microcomputers in photon and proton therapy treatment environments.

Materials and methods:

Multiple computers were irradiated with neutrons produced from MEVION S250 passive scattering proton therapy and from Varian 21EX Linear Accelerator photon therapy systems. The energy of the proton beam was 232 MeV and the photon beam energies were 6 and 18 MV. Rates of fatal errors in computer processing unit (CPU) cores were measured.

Results:

Varying rates of fatal system errors due to upsets in the CPU cores were observed. Post-exposure routine stress testing revealed no permanent hardware defects in the random access memory (RAM) or hard disk drive (HDD) of any tested systems. Microchip manufacturers fit increasingly high numbers of transistors in the same volume and the susceptibility to radiation thus increases.

Conclusions:

This work explores if the process size of a microchip is the dominant factor and also looked at the short- and long-term effects of neutron irradiation on modern microprocessors in a clinical environment. Additionally, methods of effective shielding are proposed.
Who Is Open to Authoritarian Governance within Western Democracies?
Authors: Malka Ariel , Lelkes Yphtach , Bakker Bert N. , Spivack Eliyahu
Published: September 2020

Recent events have raised concern about potential threats to democracy within Western countries. If Western citizens who are open to authoritarian governance share a common set of political preferences, then authoritarian elites can attract mass coalitions that are willing to subvert democracy to achieve shared ideological goals. With this in mind, we explored which ideological groups are most open to authoritarian governance within Western general publics using World Values Survey data from fourteen Western democracies and three recent Latin American Public Opinion Project samples from Canada and the United States. Two key findings emerged. First, cultural conservatism was consistently associated with openness to authoritarian governance. Second, within half of the democracies studied, including all of the English-speaking ones, Western citizens holding a protection-based attitude package—combining cultural conservatism with left economic attitudes—were the most open to authoritarian governance. Within other countries, protection-based and consistently right-wing attitude packages were associated with similarly high levels of openness to authoritarian governance. We discuss implications for radical right populism and the possibility of splitting potentially undemocratic mass coalitions along economic lines.
Vegetable response to sulfentrazone soil residues at four planting intervals
Authors: Rachuy John S. , Fennimore Steven A.
Published: September 2020

Sulfentrazone was recently granted food-use tolerance approval for use on Brassica head and stem, as well as Brassica leafy vegetables. To date, one sulfentrazone registrant has listed those crops on its use label. In coastal California multiple crops per year including Brassica vegetables are grown in rapid succession; therefore, to avoid injury to rotational crops, herbicides used in those fields must be carefully selected. Given concerns about the relatively long soil persistence of sulfentrazone, studies were conducted to measure the response of direct-seeded carrot, lettuce, onion, spinach, and seeded tomato planted 3, 6, 9, and 12 mo after sulfentrazone application at 0, 112, 224, and 336 g ai ha−1. Eight plant-back studies were conducted during 2010–11 and 2012–13. Data collected were injury estimates, and stand and dry weights. Results indicate that it is safe to plant carrot and tomato 3 mo after sulfentrazone application at rates up to 336 g ai ha−1. Lettuce and green onion should not be planted within 9 mo of sulfentrazone application. Spinach should not be planted within 12 mo of sulfentrazone application.
Is Future Time Perspective Multidimensional?
Authors: Przepiorka Aneta , Jankowski Tomasz , Sobol Malgorzata
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The aim of this research was to verify the psychometric properties of scores of the Polish version of the Future Time Perspective Scale (FTPS), developed by Carstensen and Lang (1996) . In Study 1, the sample consisted of  N = 652 participants aged 18–79 years. We performed confirmatory factor analyses to verify the dimensional structure of future time perspective and obtained a three-factor solution. In Study 2, the sample consisted of 771 participants aged 18–75 years. The results confirmed that the scores of FTPS/PL are reliable and that the FTPS/PL has the three-dimensional structure of future time perspective. The following factors were extracted: Focus on Opportunity, Focus on Life, and Focus on Time. We also tested the measurement and structural invariance of the FTPS/PL in three age groups. The results showed the FTP scale after the removal of item 4 is a measure which can be used to compare individuals differing in age. Additionally, we examined the incremental validity of FTPS/PL for life satisfaction and positive and negative affect. In Study 3, the findings showed acceptable test–retest reliability what supports the possibility of using the Polish version of the FTPS in research.
Iron deficiency, fatigue and muscle strength and function in older hospitalized patients
Authors: Neidlein Sophia , Wirth Rainer , Pourhassan Maryam
Published: September 2020

Background/Objectives

Iron deficiency is common in older patients. We investigated whether iron deficiency is an independent risk factor for functional impairment, low muscle function, fatigue, and rehabilitation progress in older hospitalized patients.

Subjects/Methods

Two hundred twenty-four patients (age range 65–95 years; 67% females) who were consecutively admitted to a geriatric acute care ward participated in this prospective longitudinal observational study. Ferritin, iron, transferrin in serum, and blood hemoglobin were measured and current iron supplementation was recorded. Fatigue and comorbidity were measured using the fatigue severity scale and Charlson Comorbidity Index, respectively. Barthel Index, handgrip strength, and isometric knee extension strength were conducted at the time of hospital admission and before discharge.

Results

Ninety-one (41%) patients had iron deficiency in which the majority had functional iron deficiency (78/91, 86%). Absolute iron deficiency with and without anemia was diagnosed in 12 (13%) and one patients, respectively. Barthel Index and handgrip and knee extension strength significantly improved during hospitalization in iron deficiency and non-iron deficiency groups. Knee extension strength showed better improvement in iron-deficient patients receiving iron supplementation and iron supplementation during hospital stay was the main predictor for improvement in knee extension strength. Comorbidity, iron deficiency, and changes in handgrip strength were the major independent risk factors for poor improvement in Barthel Index during hospitalization. There were significant associations between patients’ fatigue and iron deficiency, comorbidity, and female gender.

Conclusion

Iron deficiency is an independent risk factor for fatigue and poor functional recovery among older hospitalized patients. Iron supplementation seems to be capable of improving functional performance.
Application of hyperspectral imaging for spatial prediction of soluble solid content in sweet potato
Authors: Shao Yuanyuan , Liu Yi , Xuan Guantao , Wang Yongxian , Gao Zongmei , Hu Zhichao , Han Xiang , Gao Chong , Wang Kaili
Published: September 2020

Visible and near infrared (Vis-NIR) hyperspectral imaging was used for fast detection and visualization of soluble solid content (SSC) in ‘Beijing 553’ and ‘Red Banana’ sweet potatoes.
Fluorescent nanorods based on 9,10-distyrylanthracene (DSA) derivatives for efficient and long-term bioimaging
Authors: Han Wenkun , Du Yangyang , Song Meiyu , Sun Kaiju , Xu Bin , Yan Fei , Tian Wenjing
Published: September 2020

Fluorescent nanoparticles based on 9,10-distyrylanthracene (DSA) derivatives (4,4′-((1E,1′E)-anthracene-9,10-diylbis(ethene-2,1-diyl))bis(N,N-dimethylaniline) (NDSA) and 4,4′-((1E,1′E)-anthracene-9,10-diylbis(ethene-2,1-diyl))dibenzonitrile (CNDSA)) were prepared using an ultrasound aided nanoprecipitation method.
A novel electrochemiluminescence sensor based on resonance energy transfer from MoS2QDs@g-C3N4 to NH2-SiO2@PTCA for glutathione assay
Authors: Li Jingxian , Shan Xueling , Jiang Ding , Wang Yuru , Wang Wenchang , Chen Zhidong
Published: September 2020

A novel “off–on” ECL GSH sensor based on RET from MoS2QDs@g-C3N4 to NH2-SiO2@PTCA.
Potentiometric detection of glucose based on oligomerization with a diboronic acid using polycation as an indicator
Authors: Li Long , Li Ying , Qin Wei , Qian Yi
Published: September 2020

A novel potentiometric sensor for d-glucose (Glu) using 4,4′-biphenyldiboronic acid as a receptor and polyion (poly-N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide, PAPMA) as an indicator is described.
Branched α-helical peptides enhanced antitumor efficacy and selectivity
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Zheng Yiran , Bao Chang , Zhong Guansheng , Liu Shaoqiong , Wiradharma Nikken , Fan Weimin , Yang Yi Yan , Wang Xiaojia , Huang Yuan
Published: September 2020

Branched peptides kill cancer cells via an apoptotic mechanism, inhibit cancer cell migration and exhibit good selectivity towards cancer cells.
Copper-catalyzed protoboration of borylated dendralenes: a regio- and stereoselective access to functionalized 1,3-dienes
Authors: Chaves-Pouso Andrea , Rivera-Chao Eva , Fañanás-Mastral Martín
Published: September 2020

A copper-catalyzed protoboration of borylated dendralenes that provides stereodefined bifunctional 1,3-dienes is reported.
Polyoxometalate adsorbed in a metal–organic framework for electrocatalytic dopamine oxidation
Authors: Ho Wei Huan , Chen Tsung-Yi , Otake Ken-ichi , Chen Yu-Chuan , Wang Yi-Sen , Li Jun-Hong , Chen Han-Yi , Kung Chung-Wei
Published: September 2020

A redox-active polyoxometalate, V10O28, was immobilized into a water-stable zirconium-based metal–organic framework, NU-902. The V10O28@NU-902 can show redox hopping-based charge transport and electrocatalytic activity for dopamine sensing.
Low temperature and limited water activity reveal a pathway to magnesiteviaamorphous magnesium carbonate
Authors: Mergelsberg Sebastian T. , Kerisit Sebastien N. , Ilton Eugene S. , Qafoku Odeta , Thompson Christopher J. , Loring John S.
Published: September 2020

Experiments at low H2O activity and 25 °C reveal a new reaction pathway to magnesiteviaamorphous magnesium carbonate during the thin H2O film carbonation of forsterite in water-bearing liquid CO2.
Urethanes synthesis from oxamic acids under electrochemical conditions
Authors: Ogbu Ikechukwu Martin , Lusseau Jonathan , Kurtay Gülbin , Robert Frédéric , Landais Yannick
Published: September 2020

Electrochemical decarboxylation of oxamic acids in the presence of alcohols provides urethanes.
Benzotetramisole catalyzed kinetic resolution of 2H-azirines
Authors: Peng Qiupeng , Guo Donghui , Zhang Bei , Liu Lala , Wang Jian
Published: September 2020

An unprecedented benzotetramisole (BTM)-catalyzed kinetic resolution for the efficient synthesis of chiral 2H-azirines is described.
Reversible dehydrogenation of a primary aryl borane
Authors: MacNeil Connor S. , Hsiang Shou-Jen , Hayes Paul G.
Published: September 2020

A rhodium carbonyl complex facilitates the reversible dehydrogenation of a primary aryl borane leading to a reactive rhodium borylene capable of engaging in group transfer reactivity.
Tunable red-to-green emission ratio and temperature sensing properties of NaLuF4:Ho3+/Yb3+ microcrystals by doping with Ce3+ ions
Authors: Zhou Aihua , Song Feng , Song Feifei , Min Chengguo , Ren Xiaobin , An Liqun , Yuan Fengying , Qin Yueting , Gao Xiaoli
Published: September 2020

In this work, β-NaLuF4:20Yb3+/2Ho3+ samples with different concentrations of Ce3+ ions are obtained by a hydrothermal method.
New insight into electrosynthesis of ordered TiO2 nanotubes in EG-based electrolyte solutions: combined experimental and computational assessment
Authors: Heydari Dokoohaki Maryam , Mohammadpour Fatemeh , Zolghadr Amin Reza
Published: September 2020

To obtain a better understanding of TiO2 nanotube (TiO2-NT) synthesis in different ethylene glycol (EG)-based electrolyte solutions by electrochemical anodization, the primary steps of TiO2-NT formation were studied by experimental and simulation techniques.
Harnessing deep neural networks to solve inverse problems in quantum dynamics: machine-learned predictions of time-dependent optimal control fields
Authors: Wang Xian , Kumar Anshuman , Shelton Christian R. , Wong Bryan M.
Published: September 2020

Deep neural networks are a cost-effective machine-learning approach for solving the inverse problem of constructing electromagnetic fields that enable desired transitions in quantum systems.
Low-temperature NO oxidation using lattice oxygen in Fe-site substituted SrFeO3−δ
Authors: Tamai Kazuki , Hosokawa Saburo , Kato Kazuo , Asakura Hiroyuki , Teramura Kentaro , Tanaka Tsunehiro
Published: September 2020

The dynamics of lattice oxygen release from perovskite catalysts during NO oxidation was investigated by dispersive X-ray absorption fine structure.
Observation of the changes in the chemical composition of lipid droplets using Raman microscopy
Authors: Takahashi Hiroaki , Yanamisawa Aya , Kajimoto Shinji , Nakabayashi Takakazu
Published: September 2020

We report the dynamics of lipid droplet formation induced by introducing cis- and/or trans-fatty acids into cells.
Improving the catalytic performance of ozone decomposition over Pd-Ce-OMS-2 catalysts under harsh conditions
Authors: Yang Li , Ma Jinzhu , Li Xiaotong , He Guangzhi , Zhang Changbin , He Hong
Published: September 2020

Durable Pd-Ce-OMS-2 catalysts for ozone catalytic decomposition under harsh conditions were successfully prepared via a simple one-step hydrothermal process.
Effect of short-term intake of high- and low-concentrations of sucrose solution on the neurochemistry of male and female mice
Authors: Ren Jing-Nan , Yin Kai-Jing , Fan Gang , Li Xiao , Zhao Lei , Li Zhi , Zhang Lu-Lu , Xie Ding-Yuan , Pan Si-Yi , Yuan Fang
Published: September 2020

The effect of short-term intake of high- and low-concentrations of sucrose solution on the neurochemistry of male and female mice was studied.
Hierarchical Beta zeolites as catalysts in a one-pot three-component cascade Prins–Friedel–Crafts reaction
Authors: Barakov Roman , Shcherban Nataliya , Yaremov Pavel , Bezverkhyy Igor , Čejka Jiří , Opanasenko Maksym
Published: September 2020

Enhanced 4-aryltetrahydropyran yields are correlated with the relative concentration of medium-strength Brønsted acid sites on the mesopore surface in hierarchical zeolites.
Plasma-driven catalysis: green ammonia synthesis with intermittent electricity
Authors: Rouwenhorst Kevin H. R. , Engelmann Yannick , van ‘t Veer Kevin , Postma Rolf S. , Bogaerts Annemie , Lefferts Leon
Published: September 2020

Plasma-driven catalytic ammonia synthesis from renewable electricity has recently gained traction as an alternative to the Haber–Bosch process for decentralized applications. We summarize the state-of-the-art in literature and provide avenues for improvement.
Recent developments in anticancer kinase inhibitors based on the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold
Authors: Baillache Daniel J. , Unciti-Broceta Asier
Published: September 2020

Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines have become of significant interest for the medicinal chemistry community as a privileged scaffold for the development of kinase inhibitors to treat a range of diseases, including cancer.
Role of the lncRNA–mRNA network in atherosclerosis using ox-low-density lipoprotein-induced macrophage-derived foam cells
Authors: Zhang Caijuan , Zhang Xin , Gong Yiting , Li Tong , Yang Le , Xu Wenjuan , Dong Ling
Published: September 2020

Atherosclerosis (AS) is the leading cause of coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, peripheral vascular disease, we explored the roles of key genes in atherosclerosis via an ox-low-density lipoprotein induced macrophage-derived foam cell model.
Facet-dependent growth of InAsP quantum wells in InP nanowire and nanomembrane arrays
Authors: Yuan Xiaoming , Wang Naiyin , Tian Zhenzhen , Zhang Fanlu , Li Li , Lockrey Mark , He Jun , Jagadish Chennupati , Tan Hark Hoe
Published: September 2020

Selective area epitaxy is a powerful growth technique to produce III–V semiconductor nanoshape arrays and heterostructures for photonic and electronic applications.
Synthesized Z-scheme photocatalyst ZnO/g-C3N4 for enhanced photocatalytic reduction of CO2
Authors: Shen Dong , Li Xin , Ma Changchang , Zhou Yaju , Sun Linlin , Yin Shikang , Huo Pengwei , Wang Huiqin
Published: September 2020

ZnO/g-C3N4 was prepared by carrying out a simple one-step calcination process.
Challenges and potential for improving the druggability of podophyllotoxin-derived drugs in cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Zhao Wei , Cong Ying , Li Hong-Mei , Li Shengying , Shen Yuemao , Qi Qingsheng , Zhang Youming , Li Yue-Zhong , Tang Ya-Jie
Published: September 2020

Natural product podophyllotoxin exhibited superior broad spectrum antitumor and antiviral activity. Over past 30 years, scientists devoted continuous efforts to develop druggability strategies and discover new podophyllotoxin-derived drugs.
Triboelectric nanogenerators based on elastic electrodes
Authors: Liu Yike , Hu Chenguo
Published: September 2020

New technologies such as the Internet of Things and big data have become the strategic focus of national development in the world.
(Gold triangular nanoplate core)@(silver shell) nanostructures as highly sensitive and selective plasmonic nanoprobes for hydrogen sulfide detection
Authors: Mi Hua , Wang Shengyan , Yin Hang , Wang Le , Mei Lin , Zhu Xingzhong , Zhang Nan , Jiang Ruibin
Published: September 2020

AuTNP@Ag nanostructures are developed as nanoprobes for hydrogen sulfide. Owing to the high refractive index sensitivity of Au TNPs and facile sulfurization of silver, AuTNP@Ag nanostructures exhibit great sensitivity to both sulfur ions and H2S gas.
Trifunctionalization of alkenes and alkynes
Authors: Ghosh Sumit , Lai Dipti , Hajra Alakananda
Published: September 2020

In this review, the development of trifunctionalization methods for alkenes and alkynes, including arynes and allenes, over the last decade is disclosed.
Easily readable palindromic sequence-defined polymers built by cascade thiol-maleimide Michael couplings
Authors: Shi Qiunan , Cao Xiaohuan , Zhang Yajie , Duan Suhua , Hu Lihua , Xu Yuxuan , Lu Jingqiu , Huang Zhihao , Zhang Zhengbiao , Zhu Xiulin
Published: September 2020

The rational combination of cascade thiol-maleimide Michael couplings (CTMMC) with iterative exponential chain growth was demonstrated as an efficient way to synthesize palindromic sequence-defined polymers.
Design and synthesis of aniline-appended P3HT for single step covalent functionalisation of carbon nanotubes
Authors: Wasem Klein Felipe , Lamps Jean-Philippe , Raoui Mohamed , Paillet Matthieu , Sauvajol Jean-Louis , Mésini Philippe J. , Petit Pierre
Published: September 2020

Aniline-appended P3HT copolymer allows covalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes in a single step. Both copolymer synthesis and the resulting nanohybrid characterisations are reported.
Detection of HPV16 in cell lines deriving from cervical and head and neck cancer using a genosensor made with a DNA probe on a layer-by-layer matrix
Authors: Soares Juliana Coatrini , Melendez Matias Eliseo , Soares Andrey Coatrini , Arantes Lidia Maria Rebolho Batista , Rodrigues Valquiria da Cruz , Carvalho Andre Lopes , Reis Rui Manuel , Mattoso Luiz Henrique C. , Oliveira Jr Osvaldo N.
Published: September 2020

Electrode modified with chitosan, carbon nanotubes and a layer of cpHPV16 DNA probe to which ssHPV16 DNA binds.
Cascade cyclization versus chemoselective reduction: a solvent-controlled product divergence
Authors: Jafarpour Farnaz , Rajai-Daryasarei Saideh , Gohari Mohammad Hossein
Published: September 2020

A convenient controllable cascade cyclization and partial reduction of enones for the divergent construction of two types of valuable compounds including polysubstituted thiophenes and saturated ketones are developed.
Hydrogen storage behavior of nanocrystalline and amorphous Mg–Ni–Cu–La alloys
Authors: Hou Zhonghui , Zhang Wei , Wei Xin , Yuan Zeming , Ge Qilu
Published: September 2020

In order to enhance the characteristics of Mg2Ni-type alloys, Cu and La were added to an Mg2Ni-type alloy, and sample alloys were prepared by melt spinning. The effects of La content and spinning rate on the hydrogen storage properties were explored.
Retracted Article: Functional disruption of staphylococcal accessory regulator A from Staphylococcus aureus by silver ions
Authors: Liao Xiangwen , Jiang Guijuan , Wang Jing , Wang Jintao
Published: September 2020

It was identified that SarA in S. aureus is a target of Ag+, which further expanded the antibacterial mechanism of Ag+.
Combining free energy calculations with tailored enzyme activity assays to elucidate substrate binding of a phospho-lysine phosphatase
Authors: Hauser Anett , Hwang Songhwan , Sun Han , Hackenberger Christian P. R.
Published: September 2020

Combining phosphatase activity assays with molecular docking and free energy calculations reveals low promiscuity and substrate binding of intrinsically labile phospho-lysine peptides to the enzyme LHPP.
3-Aminooxetanes: versatile 1,3-amphoteric molecules for intermolecular annulation reactions
Authors: Lai Zengwei , Zhang Renwei , Feng Qiang , Sun Jianwei
Published: September 2020

Despite the versatility of amphoteric molecules, stable and easily accessible ones are still limitedly known.
Core–shell structured multiwall carbon nanotube–graphene oxide nanoribbon and its N-doped variant as anodes for high-power microbial fuel cells
Authors: Liu Yu-Chen , Hung Yu-Hsuan , Liu Shih-Fu , Guo Chun-Han , Liu Tzu-Yin , Sun Chia-Liang , Chen Han-Yi
Published: September 2020

The MFCs with N-MWCNT@GONR and MWCNT@GONR anodes exhibits high power densities up to 3444 mW m−2 and 3291 mW m−2.
Synthesis and characterization of photocrosslinkable albumin-based hydrogels for biomedical applications
Authors: Lantigua Darlin , Nguyen Michelle A. , Wu Xinchen , Suvarnapathaki Sanika , Kwon Seongjin , Gavin Wendy , Camci-Unal Gulden
Published: September 2020

Modulating the levels of glycidyl methacrylate modification in the BSAGMA prepolymer yields hydrogel products with tunable physical properties and enhanced biocompatibility, making BSAGMA hydrogels suitable for a range of biomedical applications.
Surface pressure of liquid interfaces laden with micron-sized particles
Authors: Mears Rudi , Muntz Iain , Thijssen Job H. J.
Published: September 2020

Presenting a theoretical framework to understand the surface pressure of liquid interfaces laden with microparticles, the effect of interparticle interactions on measured surface pressures, and the features of Langmuir-trough surface-pressure graphs.
A high-temperature mixed potential CO gas sensor for in situ combustion control
Authors: Wang Yi , Ma Liang , Li Wenyuan , Li Wei , Liu Xingbo
Published: September 2020

NiO electrodes of mixed potential YSZ sensors show a positive potential feedback to CO with high sensitivity at 1000 °C.
Particle-attachment crystallization facilitates the occlusion of micrometer-sized Escherichia coli in calcium carbonate crystals with stable fluorescence
Authors: Zhang Mengqi , Ping Hang , Fang Weijian , Wan Fuqiang , Xie Hao , Zou Zhaoyong , Fu Zhengyi
Published: September 2020

Taking advantages of the crystallization by attachment of amorphous calcium carbonate nanoparticles, micrometer-sized GFP-E. coli can be efficiently incorporated into vaterite crystals, the artificial composites exhibit stable fluorescence more than six months.
Thermal-induced interface degradation in perovskite light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zou Yatao , Wu Tian , Fu Fan , Bai Sai , Cai Lei , Yuan Zhongcheng , Li Yajuan , Li Ruiying , Xu Weidong , Song Tao , Yang Yingguo , Gao Xingyu , Gao Feng , Sun Baoquan
Published: September 2020

The poor operational stability remains a key challenge in perovskite light-emitting diodes. In this work, we investigate the detrimental effects of thermal-induced interface degradation on the device performance of perovskite light-emitting diodes.
Understanding microcephaly through the study of centrosome regulation in Drosophila neural stem cells
Authors: Robinson Beverly V. , Faundez Victor , Lerit Dorothy A.
Published: September 2020

Microcephaly is a rare, yet devastating, neurodevelopmental condition caused by genetic or environmental insults, such as the Zika virus infection. Microcephaly manifests with a severely reduced head circumference. Among the known heritable microcephaly genes, a significant proportion are annotated with centrosome-related ontologies. Centrosomes are microtubule-organizing centers, and they play fundamental roles in the proliferation of the neuronal progenitors, the neural stem cells (NSCs), which undergo repeated rounds of asymmetric cell division to drive neurogenesis and brain development. Many of the genes, pathways, and developmental paradigms that dictate NSC development in humans are conserved in Drosophila melanogaster. As such, studies of Drosophila NSCs lend invaluable insights into centrosome function within NSCs and help inform the pathophysiology of human microcephaly. This mini-review will briefly survey causative links between deregulated centrosome functions and microcephaly with particular emphasis on insights learned from Drosophila NSCs.
Executive Functions and Clinical and Academic Outcomes in Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Students
Authors: Roitsch Jane , Murphy Kimberly A. , Raymer Anastasia M.
Published: September 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate executive function measures as they relate to clinical and academic performance outcomes of graduate speech-language pathology students.

Method

An observational design incorporating correlations and stepwise multiple regressions was used to determine the strength of the relationships between clinical outcomes that occurred at various time points throughout the graduate program (clinical coursework grades throughout the program and case study paper scores at the end of the program), academic outcomes (graduate grade point average and Praxis II exam in speech-language pathology scores), and executive function (EF) scores (EF assessment scores, self-reported EF scores). Participants were 37 students (36 women,
M
age
= 24.1) in a master's degree program in speech-language pathology at a southeastern U.S. university during the 2017–2018 academic year.

Results

Findings of this preliminary study indicated that a limited number of objective EF scores and self-reported EF scores were related to clinical and academic outcomes of graduate speech-language pathology students.

Conclusion

As results of this preliminary study suggest that EF tests may be related to clinical and academic outcomes, future research can move to study the potential role of EF measures in the graduate admissions process in clinical graduate programs such as speech-language pathology.
Hearing Screening Failure Among Students With Reading Impairment: Rate and Relation to Specific Reading Deficits
Authors: Werfel Krystal L. , Peek Laura , Reynolds Gabriella , Bassard Sydney
Published: September 2020

Background

The purpose of this preliminary study was to explore one potential underlying factor that may contribute to poor reading outcomes: minimal hearing loss. Additionally, we compared decoding and comprehension deficits in students who passed or failed the hearing screening.

Method

Forty-three school-age students completed a hearing screening and a literacy assessment.

Results

Fifty-four percent of children with reading impairments failed the hearing screening, compared to only 21% of children with typical reading. Additionally, students who failed the hearing screening were more likely to exhibit decoding deficits; comprehension skills between the hearing screening groups did not differ.

Conclusions

Thus, children with reading impairments are more likely to fail hearing screenings than children with typical reading, and the deficits of those who fail hearing screenings appear to center on decoding rather than comprehension skills.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12818252
Robust internal model controller with increased closed‐loop bandwidth for process control systems
Authors: Arya Pushkar Prakash , Chakrabarty Sohom
Published: September 2020

This study proposes a modified internal model control (IMC) structure in which an additional controller is added to the standard IMC structure to improve the closed‐loop system bandwidth. The resulting structure is evaluated to satisfy standard IMC objectives of nominal performance and robust stability. The novelty of the work is to design a fractional order (FO) filter in the IMC structure so that gain margin and phase margin () specifications could be independently satisfied for a first‐order plus time delay (FOPTD) process control plant. The proposed modified IMC (m‐IMC) is simulated for three different FOPTD systems to validate and substantiate the theoretical analysis. The proposed m‐IMC is compared with different integer order as well as FO controllers. The transient performance are compared in terms of rise time (), settling time (), maximum overshoot (% ) and the effectiveness is measured in terms of integral square error. To validate the viability of the proposed control scheme, it is implemented on a laboratory DC servo‐system.
Event‐triggered tracking control for a family of non‐linear systems via output feedback
Authors: Liu Qingrong , Li Hanfeng , Zhang Xianfu
Published: September 2020

This study considers the event‐triggered tracking control problem for a family of non‐linear systems via output feedback. The uncertainty in the parameters is a significant feature, and the growth condition of the non‐linear terms is related to an output polynomial function. An observer based on the given tracking signal is constructed, and a dynamic equation is established by the high‐gain scaling method. In order to reasonably process the measurement error, an intermediate controller in the form of the hyperbolic tangent function is designed. Based on the relative threshold strategy, an event‐triggered controller is naturally given such that all the closed‐loop signals are globally bounded and the Zeno‐behaviour is favourably avoided. Furthermore, by analysing the constructed dynamic equation, the tracking error converges to a prescribed small residual set. The theoretical results are verified by two numerical examples.
Active deep learning method for the discovery of objects of interest in large spectroscopic surveys
Authors: Škoda P. , Podsztavek O. , Tvrdík P.
Published: September 2020

Context.Current archives of the LAMOST telescope contain millions of pipeline-processed spectra that have probably never been seen by human eyes. Most of the rare objects with interesting physical properties, however, can only be identified by visual analysis of their characteristic spectral features. A proper combination of interactive visualisation with modern machine learning techniques opens new ways to discover such objects.

Aims.We apply active learning classification methods supported by deep convolutional neural networks to automatically identify complex emission-line shapes in multi-million spectra archives.

Methods.We used the pool-based uncertainty sampling active learning method driven by a custom-designed deep convolutional neural network with 12 layers. The architecture of the network was inspired by VGGNet, AlexNet, and ZFNet, but it was adapted for operating on one-dimensional feature vectors. The unlabelled pool set is represented by 4.1 million spectra from the LAMOST data release 2 survey. The initial training of the network was performed on a labelled set of about 13 000 spectra obtained in the 400 Å wide region around Hαby the 2 m Perek telescope of the Ondřejov observatory, which mostly contains spectra of Be and related early-type stars. The differences between the Ondřejov intermediate-resolution and the LAMOST low-resolution spectrographs were compensated for by Gaussian blurring and wavelength conversion.

Results.After several iterations, the network was able to successfully identify emission-line stars with an error smaller than 6.5%. Using the technology of the Virtual Observatory to visualise the results, we discovered 1013 spectra of 948 new candidates of emission-line objects in addition to 664 spectra of 549 objects that are listed in SIMBAD and 2644 spectra of 2291 objects identified in an earlier paper of a Chinese group led by Wen Hou. The most interesting objects with unusual spectral properties are discussed in detail.
Spiral structure generated by major planets in protoplanetary disks
Authors: Sanders R. H.
Published: September 2020

In this paper I describe numerical calculations of the motion of particles in a disk about a solar-mass object perturbed by a planet on a circular orbit with mass greater than 0.001 of the stellar mass. A simple algorithm for simulating bulk viscosity is added to the ensemble of particles, and the response of the disk is followed for several planet orbital periods. A two-arm spiral structure forms near the inner resonance (2–1) and extends to the planetary orbit radius (corotation). In the same way for gaseous disks on a galactic scale perturbed by a weak rotating bar-like distortion, this is shown to be related to the appearance of two perpendicular families of periodic orbits near the resonance combined with dissipation which inhibits the crossing of streamlines. Spiral density enhancements result from the crowding of streamlines due to the gradual shift between families. The results, such as the dependence of pitch-angle on radius and the asymmetry of the spiral features, resemble those of sophisticated calculations that include more physical effects. The morphology of structure generated in this way clearly resembles that observed in objects with well-defined two-arm spirals, such as SAO 206462. This illustrates that the process of spiral formation via interaction with planets in such disks can be due to orbital motion in a perturbed Keplerian field combined with kinematic viscosity.
Asteroid lightcurve inversion with Bayesian inference
Authors: Muinonen K. , Torppa J. , Wang X.-B. , Cellino A. , Penttilä A.
Published: September 2020

Context.We assess statistical inversion of asteroid rotation periods, pole orientations, shapes, and phase curve parameters from photometric lightcurve observations, here sparse data from the ESAGaiaspace mission (Data Release 2) or dense and sparse data from ground-based observing programs.

Aims.Assuming general convex shapes, we develop inverse methods for characterizing the Bayesian a posteriori probability density of the parameters (unknowns). We consider both random and systematic uncertainties (errors) in the observations, and assign weights to the observations with the help of Bayesian a priori probability densities.

Methods.For general convex shapes comprising large numbers of parameters, we developed a Markov-chain Monte Carlo sampler (MCMC) with a novel proposal probability density function based on the simulation of virtual observations giving rise to virtual least-squares solutions. We utilized these least-squares solutions to construct a proposal probability density for MCMC sampling. For inverse methods involving triaxial ellipsoids, we update the uncertainty model for the observations.

Results.We demonstrate the utilization of the inverse methods for three asteroids withGaiaphotometry from Data Release 2: (21) Lutetia, (26) Proserpina, and (585) Bilkis. First, we validated the convex inverse methods using the combined ground-based andGaiadata for Lutetia, arriving at rotation and shape models in agreement with those derived with the help of Rosetta space mission data. Second, we applied the convex inverse methods to Proserpina and Bilkis, illustrating the potential of theGaiaphotometry for setting constraints on asteroid light scattering as a function of the phase angle (the Sun-object-observer angle). Third, with the help of triaxial ellipsoid inversion as applied toGaiaphotometry only, we provide additional proof that the absoluteGaiaphotometry alone can yield meaningful photometric slope parameters. Fourth, for (585) Bilkis, we report, with 1-σuncertainties, a refined rotation period of (8.5750559 ± 0.0000026) h, pole longitude of 320.6° ± 1.2°, pole latitude of − 25.6° ± 1.7°, and the first shape model and its uncertainties from convex inversion.

Conclusions.We conclude that the inverse methods provide realistic uncertainty estimators for the lightcurve inversion problem and that theGaiaphotometry can provide an asteroid taxonomy based on the phase curves.
GOODS-ALMA: The slow downfall of star formation in z = 2–3 massive galaxies
Authors: Franco M. , Elbaz D. , Zhou L. , Magnelli B. , Schreiber C. , Ciesla L. , Dickinson M. , Nagar N. , Magdis G. , Alexander D. M. , Béthermin M. , Demarco R. , Daddi E. , Wang T. , Mullaney J. , Sargent M. , Inami H. , Shu X. , Bournaud F. , Chary R. , Coogan R. T. , Ferguson H. , Finkelstein S. L. , Giavalisco M. , Gómez-Guijarro C. , Iono D. , Juneau S. , Lagache G. , Lin L. , Motohara K. , Okumura K. , Pannella M. , Papovich C. , Pope A. , Rujopakarn W. , Silverman J. , Xiao M.
Published: September 2020

We investigate the properties of a sample of 35 galaxies, detected with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) at 1.1 mm in the GOODS-ALMA field (area of 69 arcmin2, resolution = 0.60″, rms ≃ 0.18 mJy beam−1). Using the ultraviolet-to-radio deep multiwavelength coverage of the GOODS–South field, we fit the spectral energy distributions of these galaxies to derive their key physical properties. The galaxies detected by ALMA are among the most massive at z = 2−4 (M⋆, med = 8.5 × 1010 M⊙) and they are either starburst or located in the upper part of the galaxy star-forming main sequence. A significant portion of our galaxy population (∼40%), located at z ∼ 2.5 − 3, exhibits abnormally low gas fractions. The sizes of these galaxies, measured with ALMA, are compatible with the trend between the rest-frame 5000 Å size and stellar mass observed for z ∼ 2 elliptical galaxies, suggesting that they are building compact bulges. We show that there is a strong link between star formation surface density (at 1.1 mm) and gas depletion time: The more compact a galaxy’s star-forming region is, the shorter its lifetime will be (without gas replenishment). The identified compact sources associated with relatively short depletion timescales (∼100 Myr) are the ideal candidates to be the progenitors of compact elliptical galaxies at z ∼ 2.
Optimization of milling performance of a sugar mill
Authors: Srichaipanya Wichian , Chuan-Udom Somchai
Published: September 2020

Thailand is the sugar cane exporters in the world market. It is important for sugar factory to operate efficiently in milling against its competition. This study was conducted to find the optimization of milling performance of a sugar mill based on extraction (EXT), power requirements (POW), specific energy consumption (SEC), and specific extraction per energy consumption (SEE) that is important parameters for sugar factory. Testing was performed using a small milling machine. The compressed pressure and speed were adjusted from 2.7 to 10.0 x 106 N/m2 and 0.0844 m/s to 0.1631 m/s, respectively. After the test, the polarization meter was used to measure sugar in juice. The results showed that the maximum extraction (%) is earned at the intermediate compressed pressure and the lowest speed. The minimum power requirement (W) is earned at the lowest compressed pressure and the lowest speed. The minimum specific energy consumption (kWh/t) is earned at the lowest compressed pressure and the intermediate speed. The maximum specific extraction per energy consumption (%.t/kWh) is earned at the intermediate compressed pressure and the lowest speed. The method and results of this study can benefit for sugar factory to find performance and to make the decision on process operation.
Community based Asian agrifuture: how it can be achieved
Authors: Ito Nobutaka
Published: September 2020

Asia is one of the most productive agricultural regions in the world, however the quality control of agricultural food products should be severely and strictly managed from the view point of food security and safety due to the increase of food feeding demand to cover the drastic and rapidly increase of world human population in recent years. In this paper the current status of Asian agriculture is overviewed first, then the Asian agrifuture is discussed and proposed from the community based viewpoint how it should / can be promoted and achieved.