bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Intra- and Extraconal Orbital Pathologies
Authors: Melder Katie , Zwagerman Nathan , Gardner Paul A. , Wang Eric W.
Published: August 2020

Endoscopic endonasal approaches offer an important alternative in the management of posterior inferomedial orbital pathology. Beginning with endoscopic orbital decompressions for Graves' disease, the endonasal corridor for the management of intra- and extraconal pathologies has continued to evolve. Endonasal removal of orbital cavernous hemangiomas is well described in the literature; however, many other benign and malignant pathologies of the medial orbit can be accessed through this approach. Advantages of the endonasal approach include improved visualization and decreased manipulation of orbital contents in the medial and posterior orbit. Additionally, for tumors that extend from the paranasal sinuses into the orbit, this corridor may be ideal for concurrent management. The current literature for this approach will be reviewed including the oncologic results, complications, limitations, and reconstructive needs along with pertinent anatomy. In addition, data from our own institution will be reviewed.
Clinical and Imaging Response to Trigeminal Schwannoma Radiosurgery: A Retrospective Analysis of a 28-Year Experience
Authors: Niranjan Ajay , Raju Sudesh S. , Kano Hideyuki , Flickinger John C. , Lunsford Lawrence Dade
Published: August 2020

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term clinical outcomes and tumor control after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for trigeminal schwannoma (TS).

Methods During a 28-year period (1989–2017), 50 patients underwent SRS for TS. The median patient age was 51 years (range: 15–87 years). A total of 17 patients had a previous tumor resection: 10 had a single procedure, 5 had two procedures, and 2 had three procedures. The median and mean times between tumor resection and SRS were 12 and 24 months (range: 1–90 months), respectively. Four patients had neurofibromatosis II (NF2). Based on location, tumors were classified as root type (7), ganglion type (22), or dumbbell type (21). The median radiosurgery target volume was 3.4 cm3 (range: 0.10–18 cm3), median target dose was 14 Gy (range: 12–20 Gy), and the median number of isocenters was 6 (range: 1–15). The median and mean times to last follow-up was 36.9 and 55.2 months (range: 4–205 months), respectively. Eighteen patients (36%) had longer than 5-year follow-up, and seven patients (14%) had longer than 10-year follow-up.

Results The tumor control rate was 92% and the clinical improvement or stabilization rate was 94%. After SRS, the rates of progression free survival (PFS) at 1, 5, and 10 years were 98, 84, and 84%, respectively. Factors associated with improved PFS were female sex (p = 0.014) and smaller tumor volume (p = 0.022). In this series, we did not find that tumor type (root, ganglion, and dumbbell) had a statistically significant correlation to PFS. Forty-seven patients had neurological signs or symptoms at presentation. At last follow-up, neurological signs or symptoms improved in 22/47 (47%), remained unchanged in 24/50 (48%), and worsened due to tumor progression in 3/50 (6%). One patient (2%) developed temporary symptomatic adverse radiation effect (ARE) and three additional patients (6%) had transient imaging evidence of peritumoral reactive edema but no new symptoms.

Conclusion As a single outpatient procedure, SRS was associated with long-term freedom from additional management in 84% of patients. Nearly half the treated patients experienced improvement in neurological symptoms or signs.
An Overview of Anxiety Disorders and Depression in Children with Epilepsy: A Literature Review
Authors: Gökçen Onur , Turgut Mehmet
Published: August 2020

Comorbid psychiatric disorders in children with epilepsy have long been a subject of medical literature. Many studies conducted by pediatric neurologists, neurosurgeons, psychiatrists, and psychologists have revealed that psychiatric disorders, including anxiety disorders and depression, are frequently seen in children and adolescents with epilepsy. Due to various etiologies behind epilepsy, causes, manifestation, and treatment of anxiety and depression all have unique aspects. We think there are multiple reasons behind anxiety disorders and depression in children with epilepsy, varying from the physiological nature of the epilepsy itself to the environmental factors such as family, parenting, and social status. In this article, we aim to review the causes, risk factors, and management of anxiety disorders and depression in children with epilepsy.
Indian Society of Vascular and Interventional Radiology Expert Consensus Statements for Ablation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Part I
Authors: Gupta Pankaj , Kalra Naveen , Keshava Shyamkumar N. , Chaluvashetty Sreedhara B. , Mukund Amar , Roy-Choudhury Shuvro H. , Baijal Sanjay Saran , Khandelwal Anubhav , Ananthashayana Venkatesh Hosur , R. Sathya Narayanan , Kulkarni Suyash , Shetty Nitin Sudhakar , Gupta Arun , Gupta Sanjay
Published: August 2020

Locoregional therapies play an important role in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Percutaneous ablation is one of the most commonly employed nonsurgical methods for treating very early and early HCC. For small HCCs, ablation is potentially curative and competes with surgical resection. The widespread availability and the spectrum of ablative techniques mandate uniform approach among interventional radiologists. Thus, it is desirable to have a consensus regarding various aspects of liver ablation. This article represents a consensus document of the experts from the Indian Society of Vascular and Interventional Radiology involved in the care of patients with HCC. The statements are presented in two parts.
Correction: Measuring social response to different journalistic techniques on Facebook
Authors: Schmidt Ana L. , Peruzzi Antonio , Scala Antonio , Cinelli Matteo , Pomerantsev Peter , Applebaum Anne , Gaston Sophia , Fusi Nicole , Peterson Zachary , Severgnini Giuseppe , De Cesco Andrea F. , Casati Davide , Novak Petra Kralj , Stanley H. Eugene , Zollo Fabiana , Quattrociocchi Walter
Published: August 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Pulse time reversal and stopping by a refractive index front
Authors: Gaafar Mahmoud A. , Holtorf Jannik , Eich Manfred , Petrov Alexander Yu.
Published: August 2020

We discuss how dynamic light stopping and pulse time reversal can be implemented in dispersive waveguides via indirect photonic transitions induced by moving refractive index fronts. The previous concepts of light stopping/time reversal either require complex local variation of the device’s refractive index or rely on the strict phase matching condition, which imposes limitations on the amount of manipulated information. Until now, only single pulses or continuous waves were manipulated experimentally. Our scheme is not limited by a strict phase matching condition and does not require local index variations, thus it can manipulate broadband signals in a single step process. Here, we present several numerically integrated results for pulse time reversal and stopping/storage via indirect front-induced transitions. The presented results are experimentally feasible using existing photonic waveguide technologies.
Phylogenetic placement of the monotypic genus Holopodostreptus Carl, 1913 and notes on the systematics of Pseudonannolenidae (Spirostreptida : Cambalidea)
Authors: Iniesta Luiz Felipe Moretti , Enghoff Henrik , Brescovit Antonio D. , Bouzan Rodrigo S.
Published: August 2020

The genus Holopodostreptus Carl, 1913 is a poorly known monotypic genus endemic to Ecuador. It differs from most other Pseudonannolenidae by a set of characteristics of the gnathochilarium and gonopods. Herein, we provide descriptive notes of males of H. braueri Carl, 1913 based on recently collected material. Females of the species are described for the first time, and images of the vulvae are provided. In addition, we attempt for the first time to place Holopodostreptus in a phylogenetic context. With a total of 14 taxa and 41 morphological characters, and under implied weighting (k = 6), a single most-parsimonious tree is recovered (total fit = 35.86). The genus is recovered as sister-group of Physiostreptus Silvestri, 1903. The clade Holopodostreptus + Physiostreptus is supported by one synapomorphy (absence of setae on the prefemoral process of leg-pair 1 in males) and one homoplastic transformation (narrow telopodite). Based on the phylogenetic results, notes on the subfamilies Pseudonannoleninae, Cambalomminae and Physiostreptinae and a key for all pseudonannolenid genera are provided.
Integrative taxonomy of the new millipede genus Coxobolellus, gen. nov. (Diplopoda : Spirobolida : Pseudospirobolellidae), with descriptions of ten new species
Authors: Pimvichai Piyatida , Enghoff Henrik , Panha Somsak , Backeljau Thierry
Published: August 2020

Pseudospirobolellidae is a poorly known family of spirobolidan millipedes with only two genera and five described species. Yet, the descriptive taxonomy and molecular systematics of this group have been largely neglected. Therefore, the present work presents an integrative taxonomic study of new pseudospirobolellid taxa in Thailand. To this end, two mitochondrial gene fragments (COI and 16S rRNA) combined with morphological characters were used to define the genus Coxobolellus, gen. nov. with 10 new species, viz. C. albiceps, sp. nov., C. compactogonus, sp. nov., C. fuscus, sp. nov., C. nodosus, sp. nov., C. serratus, sp. nov., C. simplex, sp. nov., C. tenebris, sp. nov., C. tigris, sp. nov., C. transversalis, sp. nov. and C. valvatus, sp. nov. The interspecific COI sequence divergences among the new species ranged from 6 to 15%. The intergeneric COI sequence divergence between species of Coxobolellus, gen. nov., Benoitolus birgitae and Pseudospirobolellus sp. ranged from 20 to 23%. Three major morphological differences separate Coxobolellus, gen. nov. from Benoitolus and Pseudospirobolellus, namely (1) the protruding process on the 3rd (and 4th) coxae on male legs, (2) the posterior gonopod telopodite divided into two parts, and (3) a conspicuous opening pore at the mesal margin at the end of the coxal part of the posterior gonopod. Thus, the new genus is well supported by both mtDNA and morphological evidence, while the delimitation of the 10 new species is supported by the congruence between mtDNA and morphological data. Yet, with respect to the relationships of Benoitolus birgitae, morphological data suggest a similarity with Coxobolellus, gen. nov. and Pseudospirobolellus, whereas mtDNA data place this species in the Pachybolidae. Further phylogenetic analyses are needed to explore this apparent incongruence and test the monophyly of Pseudospirobolellidae.
Guiding rangelands into an uncertain future
Authors: Walker Brian
Published: August 2020

The oncoming stream of biophysical and social changes facing the rangelands calls for an innovative mix of modifying existing uses and pursuing new ones to help transition into a social-ecological system more in tune with its new environment. In the face of rising uncertainty, trying to find some particular, optimal combination of management and policy to suit some assumed future environment can’t work. A transformational change is needed. This does not mean getting to one new, particular kind of system. It has to be an ongoing process of exploring, learning and keeping options open, along the lines of the developing field of guided self-organisation.
Heterogeneous origins and functions of mouse skeletal muscle-resident macrophages
Authors: Wang Xingyu , Sathe Adwait Amod , Smith Gregory R. , Ruf-Zamojski Frederique , Nair Venugopalan , Lavine Kory J. , Xing Chao , Sealfon Stuart C. , Zhou Lan
Published: August 2020

Significance

Tissue-resident macrophages can arise from multiple origins during embryonic and adult hematopoiesis. They are important cells regulating a wide range of biological processes, such as tissue remodeling during organogenesis, tissue homeostasis in the steady state, tissue repair following injury, and immune response to pathogens. Although the origins and tissue-specific functions of resident macrophages have been extensively studied in many other tissues, they are not well characterized in skeletal muscle. Our study characterized the origins, tissue-specific gene expression, and diverse functions of skeletal muscle-resident macrophages in the steady state. Our findings provide a knowledge base for future studies of the roles of skeletal muscle-resident macrophages in various disease states.
The macroevolutionary dynamics of symbiotic and phenotypic diversification in lichens
Authors: Nelsen Matthew P. , Lücking Robert , Boyce C. Kevin , Lumbsch H. Thorsten , Ree Richard H.
Published: August 2020

Significance

Symbioses are evolutionarily and ecologically widespread, yet we lack a robust understanding of their origins, losses, and macroevolutionary consequences. We traced the evolution of partner choice and phenotype in lichens—a classic model of symbiosis—and revealed shifts among symbiont groups and phenotypic evolution. Symbiont switches broadly coincided with the convergent acquisition of similar partners by divergent clades. Fungi abandoned the lichen habit far earlier than previously understood, and subsequently reacquired it with algae that have frequently facilitated independent fungal transitions to lichenization. Finally, diversification in lichenized fungi was not strictly modulated by partner choice or phenotype, and differed from other fungi, suggesting complex and variable dynamics within lichen fungi and across fungal nutritional modes.
Geographical Accuracy of Place-Based Collegiate Athletic Conference Names in the United States
Authors: Sublett Michael D.
Published: August 2020

College athletic competition constitutes a significant aspect of life in the United States. Virtually, every institution of higher learning fields intercollegiate teams in a multitude of sporting activities. Most colleges and universities join an organization, a conference of similar institutions, to enhance competition. Some also join single-sport conferences in order to participate in sports that their principal conferences do not accommodate. All conferences have names, often place-based names. Many place-based names convey their conference locations well; others fail in this regard. This essay examines the names of all 184 baccalaureate-level conferences in the United States, excludes those conference names that do not have a place basis, and divides the remaining conferences into two categories: those whose names are place appropriate and those that are not.
Dimensional scaffolding of electromagnetism using geometric algebra
Authors: Orbán Xabier Prado , Mira Jorge
Published: August 2020

Using geometric algebra and calculus to express the laws of electromagnetism we are able to present magnitudes and relations in a gradual way, escalating the number of dimensions. In the one-dimensional case, charge and current densities, the electric field E and the scalar and vector potentials get a geometric interpretation in spacetime diagrams. The geometric vector derivative applied to these magnitudes yields simple expressions leading to concepts like divergence, displacement current, continuity and gauge or retarded time, with a clear geometric meaning. As the geometric vector derivative is invertible, we introduce simple Green’s functions and, with this, it is possible to obtain retarded Liénard–Wiechert potentials propagating naturally at the speed of light. In two dimensions, these magnitudes become more complex, and a magnetic field B appears as a pseudoscalar which was absent in the one-dimensional world. The laws of induction reflect the relations between E and B, and it is possible to arrive to the concepts of capacitor, electric circuit and Poynting vector, explaining the flow of energy. The solutions to the wave equations in this two-dimensional scenario uncover now the propagation of physical effects at the speed of light. This anticipates the same results in the real three-dimensional world, but endowed in this case with a nature which is totally absent in one or three dimensions. Electromagnetic waves propagating exclusively at the speed of light in vacuum can thus be viewed as a consequence of living in a world with an odd number of spatial dimensions. Finally, in the real three-dimensional world the same set of simple multivector differential expressions encode the fundamental laws and concepts of electromagnetism.
Improved performance of a refurbished photoelectric autocollimator
Authors: Astrua Milena , Pisani Marco
Published: August 2020

An old photoelectric Hilger & Watts autocollimator (AC) has been modified at INRIM to perform accurate angle measurements on two axes in a range of ±250″. A CMOS camera was placed in the focus of the AC’s optical system and a software implemented in LabVIEW processes on-line the image of the reticle projected on the camera. The data acquisition is triggerable at a selectable frequency up to some hertz to allow synchronization in critical applications. The AC’s sensitivity was determined through a calibration with respect to the national angle standard. The combined standard uncertainty of the AC calibration results to be equal to 0.035″.
Recent progress in 2D group-V elemental monolayers: fabrications and properties
Authors: Yuan Peiwen , Zhang Teng , Sun Jiatao , Liu Liwei , Yao Yugui , Wang Yeliang
Published: August 2020

A large number of two-dimensional (2D) monoelemental materials with huge application potentials have been developed, since graphene was reported as a monoelemental material with unique properties. As cousins of graphene, 2D group-V elemental monolayers have gained tremendous interest due to their electronic properties with significant fundamental bandgap. In this review, we extensively summarize the latest theoretical and experimental progress in group-V monoelemental materials, including the latest fabrication methods, the properties and potential applications of these 2D monoelementals. We also give a perspective of the challenges and opportunities of 2D monoelemental group-V monolayer materials and related functional nanodevices.
Synthesis of Ni/Al2O3/CaO Composite Catalyst for Hydrogen Production by Steam Reforming of Ethanol
Authors: Chen C H , Yu C T , Kuo H T , Chen W H
Published: August 2020

Improving the steam reforming of ethanol by Ni/Al2O3/CaO composite was investigated in this work. The CO2 sorbent plays a key role in the catalytic reaction enhancement. The reforming catalysts were prepared by the as-prepared 10 wt.% Ni/Al2O3 physical mixing with CaO sorbents (from Ca(OH)2 conversion). All reforming experiments were performed under 873K condition. In addition, the suitable parameters of mass ratio of Ni catalyst/CO2 sorbent (20 : 80 w/w) and steam / ethanol molar ratio of five were adjusted in this work. The results indicate that the steam reforming of ethanol via CO2 sorption enhancement obviously produced ∼95% H2 greater than common steam reforming of ethanol (∼72% H2). Other by-products involving CO2, CO and CH4 can be also obviously suppressed during reaction. For the sorption-enhanced steam reforming, the recyclability of CO2 sorbent is an important issue. The 10 cycles of reaction/regeneration at 873K and 1023K for the steam reforming of ethanol were tested. The results reveal the H2 concentration of products stably keeps above 90% during the cycles test. The performance of CO2 sorbent was insignificant change after 10 cycles. The average capture capacity of CO2 around 17.8 wt.% can be determined during cycles.
Structural and Electrical properties of PVDF doping lithium Iron Oxide nano-composites
Authors: Kadhim Ruqaya Fouad , Muslim Zainab Raheem
Published: August 2020

Lithium iron oxide, LiFeO2 (LFO) powder has been successfully prepared by Sol-Gel process. The structure, electrical and dielectric properties were investigated, cubic structure for LFO was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). PVDF polymer was added to the LFO is prepare composites with different percentages (1,2,3 and 4) wt.%. The results show that A.C. conductivity depending frequency shows an increasing in value depending on the mobility of carrier and the dielectric properties. A.C. conductivity shows the expression for the mobility of charge carriers, this study shows the effect of filler relation with PVDF which effect the mobility of polymer chain, this behaviour used to analyse the dielectric response of oxide.
Measurement of Hearing Ability of Persons of Different Age Groups
Authors: Jawad Al-Hamzawi Bashar Taha , Shedhan Muselmawe Khelfa Fadel , Hadi Mohammed Yahya , Hadi Al_Sadi Mohammed Abdul Kadhim , Alnasraui Ali Hussein F
Published: August 2020

The human ear is most sensitive. Hearing problems increases with age as well as sound pollution. In today’s life, due to noise pollution or some reasons, per year, many people undergo from the problem of tentative hearing loss. In this experiment, 16 patients of different ages were taken, ranging from 20 years to 55 years of both sexes and we studied hearing sensitivity and it was compared between the right and left ears of each patient, as well as the comparability of hearing for different ages taken in this research.
Structural Properties and Characterization of Lithium Olivine Compounds
Authors: Muslim Z R , Kadhum A Q
Published: August 2020

Lithium Nickel Phosphate LiNiPO4 and compounds were prepared by addition of some metals precursors like Silver, Carbon and Aluminum to be doped in net powder using “sol-gel “process. The analysis of structural peak intensity with morphology of powders was studied by” XRD, EDX, AFM and SEM”. Heat treatment for materials was performed in temperature in (800) C° in several hours. XRD reveal the olivine structure of LiNiPO4. Morphology were done using SEM photo images, this assisted by AFM test. EDX shows the elements of Ni, O, C, Ag and Al.
Thermal analysis for stability the nanocrystals ZnSe(diamantane)
Authors: Al-Ogaili H A T , Al-Wardy R. A.
Published: August 2020

The chalcogenide structures are studied at nano scale theoretically, Znic Selenium is one of these structures studied theoretically by DFT, once as a diamantane(Zn7Se7 as cubic in solid state) or again diamondoids (Zn7S7H14), where similarity in formula but different from wurtziod (Zn7Se7) in stoichiometry at nano-limited, the molecules ZnSe diamantane are formed from change size. However both of the spectra and electronic properties of molecules ZnSe diamantane are calculated. In this work, used RB3LYP/3-611 G(p,d) as a base set, it can note that the blue shift of the Raman spectra, the energy gap 2.767 eV for ZnSe diamantane approach to the experimental values, the longitudinal optical of same structure is 208 cm−1, also maximum force and displacement of atoms are investigated. In this research, bond length is 2.46 Å, also investigated the effects on the surfaces of molecules.
Utilizing k-means clustering to extract bone tumor in CT scan and MRI images
Authors: Kadhim Widad Dhahir , Abdoon Rabab Saadoon
Published: August 2020

Segmentation is one of the most significant parts of medical image processing. In image segmentation, the digital image is part of multiple sets of pixels. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MRI and CT scanning is very important imaging techniques to explore the inner physiological constructions of the body noninvasively. A bone tumor is one of more life-threatening diseases, so exact detaching of the tumor regions is a pressing need. In this work, the K-means algorithm is employed on six MRI and CT scan images with different numbers of clusters. As well as many morphological operations like opening and dilation were applied after extract the fine tumor areas effectively. The results and the calculated surface areas of the separated tumor regions were compared to the radiologist delineation and the percent relative differences were found ranged from (0.63-1.75) % for MRI images and (0.34-1.51) % for CT scan images. This result indicates the high-quality performance of the adopted segmentation clustering-based method.
Estimated the concentration of 238U, 232Th and 40K in flour samples of Iraq markets
Authors: Kadhim Shaymaa Awad , Alhous Shatha F. , Hussein Ahmed Shaker , Hussein Hayder H. , Alaboodi Azhar S.
Published: August 2020

Flour is a nutritious type of food that is widely consumed by various age groups in Iraq. This study investigates the presence of long-lived gamma emitters in different type of flour in Iraqi market. Uranium (238U), Thorium (232Th) and Potassium (40K) specific activity in (Bq.kg−1) were estimated in (15) unique kinds of flours that are accessible in Iraqi markets. The gamma spectrometry method with a NaI(Tl) detector has been utilized for radiometric measurements. Likewise right now have determined the internal hazard index. It is found that the specific activity in Flour samples were varied from (13.73± 1.89) Bq.kg−1 to (2.60± 0.30) Bq.kg−1 with an average (8.75) Bq.kg−1 for 238U, For 232Th From (67.79± 0.44) Bq.kg−1 to (9.96± 0.14) Bq.kg−1 with an average (21.88) Bq.kg−1 and for 40K from (2680.74 ± 23.60) Bq.kg−1 to (283.70± 3.41) Bq.kg−1 with an average (133.09) Bq.kg−1. Also, it is found that the Outdoor and indoor annual effective absorbed dose equivalent also (Hin) hazard indices was (0.302±0.014) and average annual committed effective dose(0.2205±0.030) mSv.y−1 in the flour samples. This study prove that the natural radioactivity and radiation danger records were low also estimated cancer risk has no significant health hazard in Iraqi Flour.
Securing Hill encrypted information With Audio steganography: a New Substitution Method
Authors: Abood Enas Wahab , Khudier Wafaa A. , Jabber Rasha Hadi , Abbas Dina Adnan
Published: August 2020

Securing data is an essential matter in communication systems, data must be protected from interceptors and eavesdroppers. In this paper, a hybrid system was produced to secure a plain text message encrypted with the Hill encryption method and embedded within an audio file in a random distribution using audio symbol sign to represent message bits. The audio file is restricted to be *.wav stereo file, Two secret keys are needed for this system encryption key and the seed of generating hiding positions. PSNR,MSE,SSIM are calculated between cover before and after embedding and the results reflected the imperceptibility requirement of the system. Also the elapsed time for securing messages was quite low for different sizes of text and the encryption process was less time than hiding.
Convert Gestures of Arabic Words into Voice
Authors: Ali Shaker K. , Al-Sherbaz Ali , Aydam Zahoor M.
Published: August 2020

Gestures are one of the best ways of communication between dumbs and other people using the expression of signs language. In this paper, we suggest an algorithm for recognizing hand gestures of Arabic words (اتمنى لك حیاة سعیدة-اقتباس) to by using dumb (through signs) and convert the sings into voice corresponding to sings words. The proposed algorithm for Convert Gestures of Arabic Words into Voice, record video of gesture (of the dumb person) then convert the video into frames (images), preprocessing for the resulted image must done by remove the noise, resize the images and increase the contrast, then calculate the distance to clustering the words by using (C4.5, k-mean, k- medoid and artificial neural network), calculate the distance (or features) by using Euclidean distance and slope where, there are eighteen features (eight features from Euclidean distance, eight features from slop, Area, and perimeter). The results in the training stage were (C4.5 gave 100%, k-mean gave 95.2% k-medoid gave 91.9% and ANN gave 91.27%). While in the testing stage we used three classifiers (Euclidian Distance, Modify of the Standardize Euclidian Distance and Correlation) and the results show that (Euclidian Distance gave 94.4%, Modify of the Standardize Euclidian Distance gave 100% and Correlation gave 94.4%) We create our database (three videos with 250 frames) for training and one video for testing.
Review: A comparison Steganography Between Texts and Images
Authors: Ali Khodher Maisa’a Abid , Aldeen Khairi Teaba Wala
Published: August 2020

The steganography is branch from information hiding, the speed of evolve communications Internet and networks in wide areas in the world. This evolve make to most people tends for work in security data through transmit across networks from sender to receiver. The major aim from steganography uses to protect the substantial data, such as text, image, video, and audio during transmit between sender and receiver.

The problems in steganography, because the people to increase uses internet in the present time therefore, needs to protected information during transmitted from sender to receiver. And solve this problem in steganography, in here many techniques is used in this article.

This article offers comparing in steganography techniques between texts and Images, when hiding secret message in texts and Images. In this study, several techniques it uses by researcher in domain of steganography.

The outcomes to obtained comparing between steganography texts or images. The results that shown the compression between text and image steganography are good and efficiency together without sensitive by attackers.
A New Revised Efficient of VAM to Find the Initial Solution for the Transportation Problem
Authors: Hussein H A , Shiker Mushtak A K , Zabiba Mohammed S M
Published: August 2020

Transportation Problem (TP) is a very important problem which has been vastly studied in Operations Research domain. There are some classical methods to find the initial basic feasible solution (IBFS) which minimize the total shipping cost of (TP) such as north-west corner method (NWCM), minimum cost method (MCM) and Vogel’s approximation method (VAM) which the best one of them. In this paper, we suggest a new amendment to (VAM) to find (IBFS) of (TP), which is an iterative method and the results will be near the optimal solution and in some cases equal to the optimal solution. In the numerical experiences we compare the results of the new approach with other classical methods to verify the efficiency of the new method. The proposed method is very effective and well-suited for use in solving these problems of various sizes.
Estimate survival function by using Dagum distribution
Authors: Kadhim Al-Bderi Hind Jawad
Published: August 2020

This paper intends to estimate the unlabeled three parameters for Dagum distribution model depend on censored samples type two; employing the maximum likelihood estimator method to obtain the derivation of the point estimators for all unlabeled parameters depending on iterative techniques, as Newton – Raphson method; then to derive ordinary least squares estimator method. Applying all these methods to estimate related probability functions; death density function, cumulative distribution function, survival function and hazard function (rate function).

When examining the numerical results for probability survival function by employing ‘mean squares error measure and mean absolute percentage measure’, this may lead to work on the best method in modeling a set of real data; and this method is “Maximum likelihood estimator method for real censored type II sample”.
Estimating Shrinkage Parameter of Generalized Liu Estimator in Logistic Regression Model
Authors: Alsharabi Najlaa Saad
Published: August 2020

The logistic regression model is one of the modern statistical methods developed to predict the set of quantitative variables (nominal or monotonous), and it is considered as an alternative test for the simple and multiple linear regression equation as well as it is subject to the model concepts in terms of the possibility of testing the effect of the overall pattern of the group of independent variables on the dependent variable and in terms of its use For concepts of standard matching criteria, and in some cases there is a correlation between the explanatory variables which leads to contrast variation and this problem is called the problem of Multicollinearity. In this study a generalized Liu estimator was introduced to combat the multicollinearity in the logistic regression model. The generalized Liu coefficient (shrinkage coefficient) was estimated in different ways and a comparison of these methods was performed using the mean square error criterion by applying to Monte Carlo simulation data and compared of road performance. Simulation results demonstrate that shrinkage parameter selection based on the work by Kibria (2003) ie (D5) is more efficient than methods.
High dimensional data challenges in estimating multiple linear regression
Authors: Hussain Jassim N
Published: August 2020

Nowadays, High dimensional data are quickly increasing in many areas because of the development of new technology which helping to collect data with a large number of variables in order to better understanding for a given phenomenon of interest. Multiple Linear Regression is a famous technique used to investigate the relationship between one dependent variable and one or more of independent variables and analyzing the effects of them. Fitting this model requests assumptions, one of them is large sample size. High dimensional data does not satisfy this assumption because the sample size is small compared to the number of explanatory variables (k). Consequently, the results of traditional methods to estimate the model can be misleading. Regularization or shrinkage techniques (e.g., LASSO) have been proposed to estimate this model in this case. Nonparametric method was proposed to estimate this model. Average mean square error and root mean square error criteria are used to assess the performance of nonparametric; LASSO and OLS methods in the case of simulation study and analyzing the real dataset. The results of simulation study and the analysis of real data set show that nonparametric regression method is outperformance of LASSO and OLS methods to fit this model with high dimensional data.
A Comparison between Some Bayesian Estimation Methods for Parameter Exponential Distribution by Using Data Type II Censoring
Authors: Hussein Nabeel Ali , Abbas Sameer Annon , Hussain Ahmed Hadi , Salman Abbas Musleh
Published: August 2020

Due to the importance of exponential distribution, especially in the modeling and analysis of various data in several fields in mathematics and statistics, including the applied field (experiments) and the pure field (theories). Some tests do not provide sufficient information on the trial data, so they are called “censored data”. The aim of this paper is to compare some Bayesian estimation methods for the exponential distribution of parameters using data type II censoring. We provided an estimate of the scale parameter (ESP) for the exponential distribution under data the control of type II by using the proposed Bayesian method and maximum probability. We also compared these methods using Mean square error (MSE). This study was conducted using simulation with different parameter values (θ) and different sample sizes (n = 10, 20, 50, 100). The calculation results showed that the best method of estimation is the proposed Bayesian method (BAY2), which uses the distribution of Chi-Square (n) in the previous information.
Sparse minimum average variance estimation via the adaptive elastic net when the predictors correlated
Authors: Rahman Esraa , Alkenani Ali
Published: August 2020

A new model-free variable selection method was proposed in this article, which is called SMAVE-AdEN. We combined the effective sufficient dimension reduction method MAVE with the variable selection method which is called adaptive Elastic Net (AdEN) to introduce SMAVE-AdEN. The SMAVE-AdEN produces a sparse and accurate estimate when the predictors are highly correlated. The advantage of SMAVE-AdEN is that SMAVE-AdEN extended Adaptive Elastic net (AdEN) to nonlinear and multi-dimensional regression. Also, the SMAVE-AdEN enables MAVE to work with problems were the predictors are highly correlated. In addition, SMAVE-AdEN can exhaustively estimate dimensions, while selecting informative covariates simultaneously. The performance of SMAVE-AdEN is evaluated by both simulation and real data analysis.
An Intuitionistic Fuzzy Pseudo Enlarged Ideal of a BH-Algebra
Authors: Abbas Hussein Hadi , Kadem Khoudair Obeas
Published: August 2020

In this Work the concepts of an intuitionistic fuzzy pseudo ideal of a pseudo BH-algebra are insert. several propositions and examples are scrupulous to study properties of this idea.
Domination Polynomial of the Composition of Complete Graph and Star Graph
Authors: Alwan Ihsan A. , Omran Ahmed A.
Published: August 2020

Graph domination by vertices is finding a subset D from the vertex set V(G), “in a graph G such that D is a dominating set if every vertex in set V – D is adjacent to at least one vertex in set D”, In this paper, D(G,i) when G is a composition of complete graph Kr and star graph S

m
, is constructed where “D(G,i), is the family of all dominating sets of a graph G with cardinality i and d(G,i) = |D(G, i)|”. A recursive formula for d(K
r[Sm
], i) is obtained. The domination polynomial of graph K
r[Sm
] is determined by using this recursive formula.
Solving Max-Cut Optimization Problem
Authors: Jumaa Basim Rabaa , Al-Jilawi Ahmed Sabah
Published: August 2020

The goal of this paper is to find a better method that converges faster of Max-Cut problem. One strategy is to the comparison between Bundle Method and the Augmented Lagrangian method. We have also developed the theoretical convergence properties of these methods.
Comparison between Confine MO-Connectedness and Connectedness, Confine MO-Countability and Countability
Authors: Al-Abbasi Hasanain , Al-Swidi Luay A A
Published: August 2020

The main goal of this work is to introduce a comparison between connected and confine MO-connected space, locally connected and confine MO-locally connected space, extremally disconnected and confine MO-extremally disconnected space, confine MO-first countable space and first countable space, confine MO-second countable space and second countable space. New properties and relations are introduced.
On Certain Types of Topological Spaces Associated with Digraphs
Authors: Al’ Dzhabri Khalid Shea Khairallah , Hani Al’murshidy Mohammad Falih
Published: August 2020

In this work, we constructed a new types of topological structures by associated with digraphs called

D

G

E

σ

– topological space and

D

G

E

μ

– topological space by induced two alternate definitions DGσ – open set and DGμ – open set respectively. Investigated some properties of the topologies determined by a digraph with respect to each of these alternated definitions.
Matroidal Structure Based On Soft-Sets
Authors: Hassan Kholod M. , Johnny Saied A.
Published: August 2020

A matroidal structure that generalizes the properties of independence. Relevant applications are found in graph theory and linear algebra. This paper will focus on the definitions of a matroid in terms of generalization for a crisp set called soft-set and soft-point, also we give some results related to this concept. A soft-matroid is defined and examples of soft-systems which form are given. The novel concept of independent soft-set is introduced. The notion maximal of independent soft-sets and minimal dependent soft-sets, with examples from linear algebra and soft-graph theory, are illustrated. Finally, we investigate some fundamental properties of soft-matroid.
On spectral asymptotic for the second-derivative operators
Authors: Hameed Ehsan , Saleem Yahea
Published: August 2020

In this work we focus on spectral asymptotic for the second derivative operators. Here we study Schrödinger operator with zero-range potentials, because this operator has great importance for understanding the solvable problems in quantum mechanics and atomic physics. It appears in different models such as the mathematical physics, applied mathematics and theoretical physics. We have two objectives in this work. We first demonstrated that this operator has a continuous spectrum contains an infinite number of bands separated by gaps. We then explained that the bands to gaps ratio tends to zero under certain conditions.
Locally Finite Associative Algebras and Their Lie Subalgebras
Authors: Shlaka Hasan M.
Published: August 2020

An infinite dimensional associative algebra

A

over a field

F

is called locally finite associative algebra if every finite set of elements is contained in a finite dimensional subalgebra of

A

. Given any associative algebra

A

over field

F

of any characteristic. Consider a new multiplication on

A

called the Lie multiplication which defined by [a, b] = ab − ba for all a, b ∈ A, where ab is the associative multiplication in

A

. Then L =

A

(−) together with the Lie multiplication form a Lie subalgebra of

A

. It is natural to expect that the structures of L and

A

are connected closely. In this paper, we study and discuss the structure of infinite dimensional locally finite Lie and associative algebras. The relation between them, their ideals and their inner ideals is considered. A brief discussion of the simple associative algebras and simple Lie algebras is also be provided.
The role of media coverage on the dynamical behavior of smoking model with and without spatial diffusion
Authors: Mohsen Ahmed Ali , Naji Raid Kamel
Published: August 2020

The spread of epidemic diseases still a major threat to the life of communities. Therefore, with the great development of the technology, the spread of diseases can be reduced by using media coverage awareness. In this paper a smoking model incorporating media coverage for warranting the population is proposed and studied. The dynamics of the model is investigated in two different cases: nonexistence and existence of diffusion. The existence, positivity and bounded-ness of solutions are investigated. The local and global stability by the help of Lyapunov function of all possible equilibrium points are investigated. Moreover, numerical simulations are carried out to validate the analytical results and specify the effect of varying the parameters.
Trigonometric Neural Networks Lp
, p<1 Approximation
Authors: Bhaya Eman Samir , Abd Al-Sadaa Zaineb Hussain
Published: August 2020

Many researchers studied the approximation by neural networks approximation. However only using first or second modulus, that is with low speed approaching zero. Here we define a neural network. Then we use it to approximate functions from Lp−
quasi normed spaces we prove upper and lower bounds trigonometric neural networks estimations using the modulus of smoothness of order k.
Lie group Method for Solving System of Stochastic Differential Equations
Authors: Alwan Zainab Mohammed
Published: August 2020

In the current work, we realize Lie group method for system of stochastic differential equations(SDE). To comprehend this method which is used the vector field in the function and solved system by associated with Fokker-Planck equations(FPE). For more accurate, we inserted some applications of system solved by this method.
On Nano soft-ℐ-semi-g-closed sets
Authors: Esmaeel R.B. , Mohammad R.J.
Published: August 2020

In this paper, the notions of nano soft closed sets were introduced by using nanosoft ideal and nano soft semi-open sets, which are nano soft-ℐ-semi-g-closed sets “n-sℐsgclosed” where many of the properties of these sets were clarified. Using many figures and proposition have been studied the relationships among these kinds of nano soft sets with some examples were explained.
Application of Algebraic Geometry In Three Dimensional projective space PG (3,7)
Authors: Abdulla Ali Ahmed A. , Kasm Yahya Nada Yassen
Published: August 2020

The main goal of this work is to construct surfaces and complete arcs in the projective 3 – space PG (3, q) over Galois fields GF (p), p=7. Which represents applications of algebraic geometry in three-dimensional projective space PG (3, P), where p=7 which is a (k, ƪ)-span. We get the following results. First, we found the points, lines and planes in PG (3,7) and we construct (k, ƪ)-span which is a set of k lines no two of which intersect. We prove that the maximum complete (k, ƪ)-span in PG (3,7) is (50, ƪ)-span, which is the equal to all the points of the space that is called a spread. Second in general we prove geometrical rule the total number of Spread in projective space PG (3, p) where p is prime,P≥ 2is p2+ l.
On Generalized (α, β) Derivation on Prime Semirings
Authors: Rasheed Maryam K. , Hameed Fatin A. , Majeed Abdulrahman. H.
Published: August 2020

In this paper we introduce generalized (α, β) derivation on Semirings and extend some results of Oznur Golbasi on prime Semiring. Also, we present some results of commutativity of prime Semiring with these derivation.
The M- Projective Tensor of G
1-Manifold
Authors: Mohammed Nawaf Jaber
Published: August 2020

This article is devoted to the study of the geometric properties of curvature tensor on certain classes of almost Hermitian manifolds. In particular, we studied the platitude property of M-projective on G

1
-manifold and found a link between G
1-manifold, ℌ-manifold and

NK

-manifold.
Focal Function in i-Topological Spaces via Proximity Spaces
Authors: Mahdi Altalkany Yiezi Kadham , Al Swidi Luay A. A.
Published: August 2020

Through the characteristic and properties of ideal we were able to give a new definition to neighborhood of a certain point, but these neighborhoods do not necessarily contain that point. we also introduced a new definition to the local function by using both proximity relation and the idea of the neighborhoods that were indicated, finally we presented most important results and their properties.
Improved Alternating Direction Implicit Method
Authors: Al-taai Esraa Abbas , Ali Adel Rashed A.
Published: August 2020

The alternating direction implicit method (ADI) is a common classical numerical method that was first introduced to solve the heat equation in two or more spatial dimensions and can also be used to solve parabolic and elliptic partial differential equations as well. In this paper, We introduce an improvement to the alternating direction implicit (ADI) method to get an equivalent scheme to Crank-Nicolson differences scheme in two dimensions with the main feature of ADI method. The new scheme can be solved by similar ADI algorithm with some modifications. A numerical example was provided to support the theoretical results in the research.