bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrospective evaluation of indications, transfusion protocols, and acute transfusion reactions associated with the administration of lyophilized canine albumin: 53 cases (2009–2020)
Authors: Terradas Crespo Emilia , Martin Linda G. , Davidow Elizabeth B.
Published: August 2023

Objectives

To describe the administration of lyophilized canine albumin (LCA) and determine the increase in serum albumin concentrations post‐LCA transfusion. To describe the incidence and types of acute transfusion reactions (TRs) and associated outcome in dogs presenting to a veterinary teaching hospital.

Design

Retrospective and descriptive study from 2009 to 2020.

Setting

University teaching hospital.

Animals

Fifty‐three client‐owned dogs included in the study if they received an LCA transfusion and had vital sign monitoring recorded for at least for 4 hours after starting the LCA transfusion.

Interventions

None.

Measurements and Main Results

The 53 dogs available for study inclusion received 64 LCA transfusions. Signalment; underlying disease; indications for LCA transfusion; pre‐ and posttransfusion serum albumin concentration; volume, concentration, and dose of LCA; duration of transfusion; administration of other blood products or synthetic colloids; occurrence, timing, and type of TR; length of hospitalization; and outcome were recorded. Serum albumin concentrations increased post‐LCA transfusion, with a median dose of 0.56 g/kg and a median posttransfusion serum albumin increase of 3 g/L (0.3 g/dL) (P = 0.008). TRs occurred in 13 of 64 (20.3%) transfusion events. Volume per kilogram, dose (g/kg), concentration, duration of transfusion, and additional administration of synthetic colloids were not associated with TRs. Three (23%) TRs were classified as febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction, 5 (38.5%) as transfusion‐associated dyspnea (development of respiratory distress and limited diagnostics), and 5 (38.5%) had clinical signs that could not be defined by any 1 TR category. Six (46.1%) of 13 events were nonsevere, 5 (38.5%) were severe, and 2 (15.4%) were life‐threatening.

Conclusions

Administration of LCA can be used to increase serum albumin concentrations, although the clinical implications of this increase are unknown. Acute TRs associated with LCA are relatively frequent and can be life‐threatening. Careful monitoring is vital.
Incidence of serum antibodies to xenoantigens on triple‐knockout pig cells in different human groups
Authors: He Songzhe , Li Tao , Feng Hao , Du Jiaxiang , Cooper David K. C. , Hara Hidetaka , Jiang Hongtao , Pan Dengke , Chen Gang , Wang Yi
Published: August 2023

Background

Xenoantigens other than Gal, Neu5Gc, and Sda may be playing a role in pig graft rejection. We investigated the incidence of antibodies to unknown pig xenoantigen in different human groups.

Methods

We collected blood from TKO/hCD55 pigs (n = 3), and isolated PBMCs and RBCs. Serum samples were collected from (i) healthy human volunteers (n = 43), (ii) patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) (n = 87), (iii) the same patients after kidney allotransplantation (n = 50), and (iv) renal allotransplant recipients experiencing T cell‐mediated rejection (allo‐TCMR, n = 10). The sera were initially incubated with TKO/hCD55 pRBCs (1 × 108 cells) for 1 h to absorb anti‐pig antibodies (except against SLA and possibly other antigens not expressed on pRBCs) and then the serum (absorbed or unabsorbed) was tested for antibody binding and complement‐dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) to TKO/hCD55 pig PBMCs.

Results

A significant reduction in IgM/IgG binding and CDC was observed in the absorbed sera. Serum obtained before and after renal allotransplantation showed no significant difference in IgM or IgG binding to, or in CDC of, TKO/hCD55 pig cells. IgM antibodies (but rarely IgG) against unknown xenoantigens expressed on TKO/hCD55 PBMCs, possibly against swine leukocyte antigens, were documented in healthy humans, patients with ESRD, and those with renal allografts undergoing acute T cell rejection. IgM (but not CDC) was higher in patients experiencing allo‐TCMR.

Conclusion

Human sera contain IgM antibodies against unknown pig xenoantigens expressed on TKO/hCD55 pPBMCs. Although not confirmed in the present study, the targets for these antibodies may include swine leukocyte antigens.
The Crowding Out of Government Investment Over Private Investment in Iraq: A Standard Study Using the Model (VECM) for the Period 2004-2021
Authors: Hammad Saad A.
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of crowding out government investment upon private investment in Iraq during the period 2004-2021. We hypothesize that the investments made by the government crowd out the investments made by the private sector. Econometric methods were used to clarify the crowding-out effect through unit root tests by using the Augmented Dickie-Fuller test (ADF), the Phillips-Peyron (PP) test for time series, and the co-integration test according to Johansen. Vector Error Correction Mechanism (VECM) and model integrity tests were also applied. The independent and dependent variables undergo a long-term equilibrium relationship. It also turns out that there is a long-standing equilibrium causal correlation that goes from the independent variables, government investment (LX1), GDP (LX2), interest rate (X3) to the dependent variable private investment (LY), because the error correction limit parameter adopts the negative mark. It is also significant according to the (t) test (p > 0.05), where there is an inverse significant relationship for government investment (LX1) on private investment (LY) in the long term. This means that there is crowding in-out by the investments made by the government, and an inverse significant relationship to the GDP (LX2) on private investment (LY) in the long term, and an inverse significant relationship to the interest rate (X3) on private investment (LY) in the long term. the model's effectiveness in performing and its resistance to common issues has been confirmed.
Método Transfeminista de Reescrita de Decisões Judiciais
Authors: De Magalhães Gomes Camilla , Carvalho Claudia Paiva , Ávila Franzoni Julia
Published: August 2023

O artigo desenvolve a ferramenta de reescrita de decisões jurisdicionais em perspectivas feministas com vistas a questionar as formas como o Direito produz gênero, produzindo sujeitos. O método mobilizado é do transfeminismo, articulando repertórios do conhecimento situado para reivindicar a construção de uma objetividade paradoxal e limitada, por meio da “pergunta pelo gênero”. Utilizamos o método para analisar a situação-problema do local de encarceramento de pessoas transgênero a partir de um caso judicial que negou a transferência de mulheres trans e travestis para um presídio feminino. Entendida como uma prática visual de oposição, as ferramentas do transfeminismo são guias para um caminho de reconstrução do caso estudado, mapeando fontes, argumentos jurídico-políticos e linguagem, naquilo que tornam (in)visível e, nesses termos, permitem ou interditam como experiência e como significados. Ademais, compreendendo o registro da situação-problema em outras bases, imaginamos outras respostas possíveis ao caso, ampliando as imaginações político-jurídicas tradicionais.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: transfeminismo; conhecimento situado; métodos jurídicos feministas; gênero; decisões judiciais.
Derecho a la información y primas de seguro en México
Authors: Reyes Simpe Jaime
Published: August 2023

El mercado de seguros en México afronta un problema de riesgo provocado por la selección adversa que existe en el proceso de contratación de seguros por parte de los clientes a las aseguradoras, principalmente por el oculto a información privada que no se comparte ante las instituciones. En esta investigación modelamos los resultados de la implementación de un portafolio de información del asegurado respecto a sus anteriores pólizas ante las aseguradoras que se encuentran en el proceso del cálculo de primas. Además, consideramos que los clientes pueden ejercer su derecho a la información, por lo que, pueden o no permitir que dicha información sea accedida por parte de la aseguradora. Nuestro modelo sugiere que la implementación de este tipo de medidas puede lograr disminuir el problema de selección adversa en el proceso de contratación, contraer el número de fraudes a aseguradoras, y reducir el riesgo del mercado mexicano de seguros.
Mechanical Characterization of Supernumerary Robotic Tails for Human Balance Augmentation
Authors: Abeywardena Sajeeva , Anwar Eisa , Charles Miller Stuart , Farkhatdinov Ildar
Published: August 2023

Humans are intrinsically unstable in quiet stance from a rigid body system viewpoint; however, they maintain balance, thanks to neuro-muscular sensory control properties. With increasing levels of balance related incidents in industrial and ageing populations globally each year, the development of assistive mechanisms to augment human balance is paramount. This work investigates the mechanical characteristics of kinematically dissimilar one and two degrees-of-freedom (DoF) supernumerary robotic tails for balance augmentation. Through dynamic simulations and manipulability assessments, the importance of variable coupling inertia in creating a sufficient reaction torque is highlighted. It is shown that two-DoF tails with solely revolute joints are best suited to address the balance augmentation issue. Within the two-DoF options, the characteristics of open versus closed loop tails are investigated, with the ultimate design selection requiring trade-offs between environmental workspace, biomechanical factors, and manufacturing ease to be made.
Effectiveness of a Variable-Speed Control Based on Auditory Feedback: Is It Possible?
Authors: Lagos-Hausheer Leonardo , Bona Renata L. , Biancardi Carlo M.
Published: August 2023

Purpose: Variable-speed control in the field is challenging for motion science. Tests were performed to evaluate speed, Froude number, and oxygen consumption if these varied when using the same frequency of steps. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of auditory feedback to control variable speed on the treadmill and track during acceleration cycles around the transition speed. Methods: Twenty-four trained men participated. The protocol was based on 5 ramps of 50 seconds each around 80%, 90%, 100%, 110%, and 120% of the walking–running transition speed, recording the frequency of steps with a mobile phone during the treadmill test. The tests were replicated on the track using auditory feedback. Results: When evaluating each speed of the protocols separately for the same frequency of steps, the average speed on the track was always higher on average at 54.7% compared to the laboratory (P < .050), and on the track, it was 16.2% higher than in the laboratory (P > .050). Conclusions: It cannot be considered that the same frequency of steps is equivalent to the same speed in the laboratory and on the track. These results point to the importance of reliable speed control during open field tests.
The New Wave of Influencers: Examining College Athlete Identities and the Role of Homophily and Parasocial Relationships in Leveraging Name, Image, and Likeness
Authors: Su Yiran , Guo Xuan , Wegner Christine , Baker Thomas
Published: August 2023

This article brings together scholarship on communication theory, influencer marketing, and personal branding to examine a new type of social media influencer—the college athlete influencer. Previous research in the field of sports has not specifically explored the distinct characteristics of college athletes that contribute to their effectiveness as marketing influencers. By adopting a sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the source of college athletes’ influence via social media. Quantitative results indicate that projecting an athletic identity on social media enhances the influencer’s credibility and increases the likelihood of consumers purchasing the products they endorse. Furthermore, qualitative findings indicated that the shared school identity acts as the ultimate impetus for the bond between the influencer and the consumer, which subsequently impacts the consumer’s purchasing decisions. This study provides actionable implications for schools, colleges, and brands seeking to build compelling sponsorships in the name, image, and likeness era.
Direct imaging of local atomic structures in zeolite using optimum bright-field scanning transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Ooe Kousuke , Seki Takehito , Yoshida Kaname , Kohno Yuji , Ikuhara Yuichi , Shibata Naoya
Published: August 2023

Zeolites are used in industries as catalysts, ion exchangers, and molecular sieves because of their unique porous atomic structures. However, direct observation of zeolitic local atomic structures via electron microscopy is difficult owing to low electron irradiation resistance. Subsequently, their fundamental structure-property relationships remain unclear. A low-electron-dose imaging technique, optimum bright-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (OBF STEM), has recently been developed. It reconstructs images with a high signal-to-noise ratio and a dose efficiency approximately two orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional methods. Here, we performed low-dose atomic-resolution OBF STEM observations of two types of zeolite, effectively visualizing all atomic sites in their frameworks. In addition, we visualized the complex local atomic structure of the twin boundaries in a faujasite (FAU)–type zeolite and Na
+
ions with low occupancy in eight-membered rings in a Na-Linde Type A (LTA) zeolite. The results of this study facilitate the characterization of local atomic structures in many electron beam–sensitive materials.
Local autocrine plasticity signaling in single dendritic spines by insulin-like growth factors
Authors: Tu Xun , Jain Anant , Parra Bueno Paula , Decker Helena , Liu Xiaodan , Yasuda Ryohei
Published: August 2023

The insulin superfamily of peptides is essential for homeostasis as well as neuronal plasticity, learning, and memory. Here, we show that insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF1 and IGF2) are differentially expressed in hippocampal neurons and released in an activity-dependent manner. Using a new fluorescence resonance energy transfer sensor for IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) with two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging, we find that the release of IGF1 triggers rapid local autocrine IGF1R activation on the same spine and more than several micrometers along the stimulated dendrite, regulating the plasticity of the activated spine in CA1 pyramidal neurons. In CA3 neurons, IGF2, instead of IGF1, is responsible for IGF1R autocrine activation and synaptic plasticity. Thus, our study demonstrates the cell type–specific roles of IGF1 and IGF2 in hippocampal plasticity and a plasticity mechanism mediated by the synthesis and autocrine signaling of IGF peptides in pyramidal neurons.
Single-cell atlases of two lophotrochozoan larvae highlight their complex evolutionary histories
Authors: Piovani Laura , Leite Daniel J. , Yañez Guerra Luis Alfonso , Simpson Fraser , Musser Jacob M. , Salvador-Martínez Irepan , Marlétaz Ferdinand , Jékely Gáspár , Telford Maximilian J.
Published: August 2023

Pelagic larval stages are widespread across animals, yet it is unclear whether larvae were present in the last common ancestor of animals or whether they evolved multiple times due to common selective pressures. Many marine larvae are at least superficially similar; they are small, swim through the beating of bands of cilia, and sense the environment with an apical organ. To understand these similarities, we have generated single-cell atlases for marine larvae from two animal phyla and have compared their cell types. We found clear similarities among ciliary band cells and between neurons of the apical organ in the two larvae pointing to possible homology of these structures, suggesting a single origin of larvae within Spiralia. We also find several clade-specific innovations in each larva, including distinct myocytes and shell gland cells in the oyster larva. Oyster shell gland cells express many recently evolved genes that have made previous gene age estimates for the origin of trochophore larvae too young.
Rational control of meniscus-guided coating for organic photovoltaics
Authors: Zheng Zhong , Wang Jianqiu , Ren Junzhen , Wang Shijie , Wang Yafei , Ma Wei , Zheng Lei , Li Hao , Tang Yanjie , Zhang Shaoqing , Hou Jianhui
Published: August 2023

Meniscus-guided coating exhibiting outstanding depositing accuracy, functional diversity, and operating convenience is widely used in printing process of photovoltaic electronics. However, current studies about hydrodynamic behaviors of bulk heterojunction ink are still superficial, and the key dynamic parameter dominating film formation is still not found. Here, we establish the principle of accurately evaluate the Hamaker constant and reveal the critical effect of precursor film length in determining flow evolution, the polymer aggregation, and final morphology. A shorter precursor film is beneficial to restraining chain relaxation, enhancing molecular orientation and mobility. On the basis of our precursor film-length prediction method proposed in this work, the optimal coating speed can be accurately traced. Last, a 18.39% power conversion efficiency has been achieved in 3-cm
2
cell based on bulk heterojunction fabricated by blade coating, which shows few reduce from 19.40% in a 0.04-cm
2
cell based on spin coating.
Bioactive NIR-II gold clusters for three-dimensional imaging and acute inflammation inhibition
Authors: Ma Huizhen , Zhang Xiaoning , Liu Ling , Huang You , Sun Si , Chen Ke , Xin Qi , Liu Pengfei , Yan Yuxing , Wang Yili , Li Yuan , Liu Haile , Zhao Ruoli , Tan Kexin , Chen Xinzhu , Yuan Xun , Li Yonghui , Liu Ying , Dai Haitao , Liu Changlong , Wang Hao , Zhang Xiao-Dong
Published: August 2023

Strong fluorescence and high catalytic activities cannot be achieved simultaneously due to conflicts in free electron utilization, resulting in a lack of bioactivity of most near-infrared-II (NIR-II) fluorophores. To circumvent this challenge, we developed atomically precise Au
22
clusters with strong NIR-II fluorescence ranging from 950 to 1300 nm exhibiting potent enzyme-mimetic activities through atomic engineering to create active Cu single-atom sites. The developed Au
21
Cu
1
clusters show 18-fold higher antioxidant, 90-fold higher catalase-like, and 3-fold higher superoxide dismutase–like activities than Au
22
clusters, with negligible fluorescence loss. Doping with single Cu atoms decreases the bandgap from 1.33 to 1.28 eV by predominant contributions from Cu
d
states, and Cu with lost electron states effectuates high catalytic activities. The renal clearable clusters can monitor cisplatin-induced renal injury in the 20- to 120-minute window and visualize it in three dimensions using NIR-II light-sheet microscopy. Furthermore, the clusters inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation in the cisplatin-treated mouse model, particularly in the kidneys and brain.
Spatiotemporal monitoring of hard tissue development reveals unknown features of tooth and bone development
Authors: Gonzalez Lopez Marcos , Huteckova Barbora , Lavicky Josef , Zezula Nikodem , Rakultsev Vladislav , Fridrichova Vendula , Tuaima Haneen , Nottmeier Cita , Petersen Julian , Kavkova Michaela , Zikmund Tomas , Kaiser Jozef , Lav Rupali , Star Haza , Bryja Vítězslav , Henyš Petr , Vořechovský Miroslav , Tucker Abigail S. , Harnos Jakub , Buchtova Marcela , Krivanek Jan
Published: August 2023

Mineralized tissues, such as bones or teeth, are essential structures of all vertebrates. They enable rapid movement, protection, and food processing, in addition to providing physiological functions. Although the development, regeneration, and pathogenesis of teeth and bones have been intensely studied, there is currently no tool to accurately follow the dynamics of growth and healing of these vital tissues in space and time. Here, we present the BEE-ST (Bones and tEEth Spatio-Temporal growth monitoring) approach, which allows precise quantification of development, regeneration, remodeling, and healing in any type of calcified tissue across different species. Using mouse teeth as model the turnover rate of continuously growing incisors was quantified, and role of hard/soft diet on molar root growth was shown. Furthermore, the dynamics of bones and teeth growth in lizards, frogs, birds, and zebrafish was uncovered. This approach represents an effective, highly reproducible, and versatile tool that opens up diverse possibilities in developmental biology, bone and tooth healing, tissue engineering, and disease modeling.
New-generation geostationary satellite reveals widespread midday depression in dryland photosynthesis during 2020 western U.S. heatwave
Authors: Li Xing , Ryu Youngryel , Xiao Jingfeng , Dechant Benjamin , Liu Jiangong , Li Bolun , Jeong Sungchan , Gentine Pierre
Published: August 2023

Emerging new-generation geostationary satellites have broadened the scope for studying the diurnal cycle of ecosystem functions. We exploit observations from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R series to examine the effect of a severe U.S. heatwave in 2020 on the diurnal variations of ecosystem photosynthesis. We find divergent responses of photosynthesis to the heatwave across vegetation types and aridity gradients, with drylands exhibiting widespread midday and afternoon depression in photosynthesis. The diurnal centroid and peak time of dryland gross primary production (GPP) substantially shift toward earlier morning times, reflecting notable water and heat stress. Our geostationary satellite-based method outperforms traditional radiation-based upscaling methods from polar-orbiting satellite snapshots in estimating daily GPP and GPP loss during heatwaves. These findings underscore the potential of geostationary satellites for diurnal photosynthesis monitoring and highlight the necessity to consider the increased diurnal asymmetry in GPP under stress when evaluating carbon-climate interactions.
Enhancer dynamics: Unraveling the mechanism of transcriptional bursting
Authors: Fukaya Takashi
Published: August 2023

Transcriptional bursting is a prevalent feature of gene expression. The transient assembly of transcription factor clusters at regulatory DNAs is critical to control bursting dynamics.
Isotopic behavior and age interpretations of U-Pb, Sm-Nd, and 40Ar/39Ar systems in polymetamorphic granulite terranes: A case study from the Prydz Belt and adjacent Vestfold Block, East Antarctica
Authors: Liu Xiaochun , Zhao Yue , Liu Jian , Cui Jianjun , Chu Zhuyin , Zhang Yan
Published: August 2023

A combined zircon U-Pb, garnet-based mineral−whole-rock Sm-Nd, and hornblende/biotite 40Ar/39Ar geochronological study was conducted on polymetamorphic granulite-facies rocks from the Prydz Belt and adjacent Vestfold Block in East Antarctica. Zircon U-Pb data and zircon-garnet rare earth element distributions indicate that granulite-facies mineral assemblages of the Meknattane Nunataks−Hamm Peak area and the Reinbolt Hills in the Prydz Belt were formed at ca. 1000−900 Ma. Some Grenville-aged (i.e., late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic) zircons underwent partial U-Pb resetting, without new growth, during Pan-African-aged (i.e., late Neoproterozoic to Cambrian) metamorphism. Mineral−whole-rock Sm-Nd dating yielded isochron ages of 865−672 Ma for the Meknattane Nunataks−Hamm Peak area, 504−483 Ma for the Reinbolt Hills, and 670−589 Ma for the Vestfold Hills. These results suggest that Pan-African-aged reworking was inhomogeneous, leading to either partial or complete resetting of the garnet Sm-Nd isotopic system in different areas. Apparently, Sm-Nd ages might have geological meaning only when the isotopic system of garnet (including other contemporaneous minerals) has been completely reset. In this regard, garnet-based Sm-Nd geochronology is less robust when applied to polymetamorphic granulite terranes. Hornblende 40Ar/39Ar dating produced an older age of 526 Ma for the Vestfold Hills, whereas biotite 40Ar/39Ar ages showed slight differences among the studied areas, with ages of 514−497 Ma for the Meknattane Nunataks−Hamm Peak area, 482−467 Ma for the Reinbolt Hills, and 520−509 Ma for the Vestfold Hills. These age patterns imply that 40Ar/39Ar dating of minerals can constrain the cooling time of the latest metamorphic event only, and cooling times to the Ar closure temperature of biotite differ among different parts of the Prydz Belt. Integration of the new results with available Sm-Nd and 40Ar/39Ar data indicates that the Prydz Belt underwent rapid tectonic uplift and cooling from lower to mid- and upper-crustal depths during postorogenic evolution. The Vestfold Block might have been located at the margin of the high-temperature Prydz Belt and underwent relatively low-temperature reworking and earlier cooling during the Pan-African-aged orogeny.
Dental procedure induced cerebellar haemorrhage with visual tilt and unsuspected CADASIL
Authors: Mortazavi Siavash , Ambati Ravi , Dharsono Ferry , Prentice David
Published: August 2023

A man in his late 60s had vertigo and vision tilt following a dental procedure. A cerebellar haemorrhage and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) were diagnosed on imaging. Subsequent testing revealed CADASIL (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy). The role of the dental procedure as a trigger for intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is discussed. The incidence of CMBs and ICH in CADASIL is discussed. A summary of the causes and pathology associated with visual tilt is documented.
Artificial intelligence for diabetic retinopathy in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review
Authors: Cleland Charles R , Rwiza Justus , Evans Jennifer R , Gordon Iris , MacLeod David , Burton Matthew J , Bascaran Covadonga
Published: August 2023

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness globally. There is growing evidence to support the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in diabetic eye care, particularly for screening populations at risk of sight loss from DR in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) where resources are most stretched. However, implementation into clinical practice remains limited. We conducted a scoping review to identify what AI tools have been used for DR in LMICs and to report their performance and relevant characteristics. 81 articles were included. The reported sensitivities and specificities were generally high providing evidence to support use in clinical practice. However, the majority of studies focused on sensitivity and specificity only and there was limited information on cost, regulatory approvals and whether the use of AI improved health outcomes. Further research that goes beyond reporting sensitivities and specificities is needed prior to wider implementation.
Endovascular therapy in acute ischemic stroke with poor reperfusion is associated with worse outcomes compared with best medical management: a HERMES substudy
Authors: Rex Nathaniel , Ospel Johanna M , Brown Scott B , McDonough Rosalie V , Kashani Nima , Hill Michael D , Dippel Diederik W J , Campbell Bruce , Muir Keith W , Demchuk Andrew M , Bracard Serge , Guillemin Francis , Jovin Tudor G , Mitchell Peter J , White Phil , Majoie Charles B L M , Saver Jeffrey L , Goyal Mayank
Published: August 2023

Background

Functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with large vessel occlusion (LVO) undergoing endovascular treatment (EVT) with poor reperfusion were compared with patients with AIS-LVO treated with best medical management only.

Methods

Data are from the HERMES collaboration, a patient-level meta-analysis of seven randomized EVT trials. Baseline characteristics and functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 90 days) were compared between patients with poor reperfusion (defined as modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction Score 0–1 on the final intracranial angiography run as assessed by the central imaging core laboratory) and patients in the control arm with multivariable logistic ordinal logistic regression adjusted for pre-specified baseline variables.

Results

972 of 1764 patients from the HERMES collaboration were included in the analysis: 893 in the control arm and 79 in the EVT arm with final mTICI 0–1. Patients with poor reperfusion who underwent EVT had higher baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale than controls (median 19 (IQR 15.5–21) vs 17 (13–21), P=0.011). They also had worse mRS at 90 days compared with those in the control arm in adjusted analysis (median 4 (IQR 3–6) vs median 4 (IQR 2–5), adjusted common OR 0.59 (95% CI 0.38 to 0.91)). Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was not different between the two groups (3.9% vs 3.5%, P=0.75, adjusted OR 0.94 (95% CI 0.23 to 3.88)).

Conclusion

Poor reperfusion after EVT was associated with worse outcomes than best medical management, although no difference in symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was seen. These results emphasize the need for additional efforts to further improve technical EVT success rates.
Relationships between juvenile tree survival and tree density, shrub cover and temperature vary by size class based on ratios of abundance
Authors: Harris Lucas B. , Woodall Christopher W. , D’Amato Anthony W.
Published: August 2023

Global change drivers are altering forest dynamics, yet how these factors influence tree survival across early developmental stages (i.e., seedling to recruited sapling) over large geographies is not well understood. We developed a novel approach to evaluate controls on seedling and sapling survival. This approach was demonstrated on a set of systematic forest inventory plots across the northeastern USA in which seedlings were tallied within six height classes, allowing for a detailed assessment of the stages at which demographic bottlenecks in juvenile tree development are often observed. Forest inventory subplots containing a study species were divided into overlapping bins along an environmental or ecological gradient, and ratios of abundance between successive size classes were used to infer relative survival rates. Relationships between 10 common tree species and tree density, shrub cover, and mean annual temperature were assessed. As seedling height class increased, we observed shifts from positive to negative associations with shrub cover and large tree density. Our results suggest that observed patterns of sapling and tree abundance may belie complex and sometimes opposing influences on seedling survival that are important to quantify when predicting and managing for successful tree recruitment and future canopy tree composition.
Relative dynamics of quantum vortices and massive cores in binary BECs
Authors: Bellettini Alice , Richaud Andrea , Penna Vittorio
Published: August 2023

We study the motion of superfluid vortices with filled massive cores. Previous point-vortex models already pointed out the impact of the core mass on the vortex dynamical properties, but relied on an assumption that is questionable in many physical systems where the immiscibility condition is barely satisfied: the fact that the massive core always lays at the very bottom of the effective confining potential constituted by the hosting vortex. Here, we relax this assumption and present a new point-vortex model where quantum vortices are harmonically coupled to their massive cores. We thoroughly explore the new dynamical regimes offered by this improved model; we then show that the functional dependence of the system normal modes on the microscopic parameters can be correctly interpreted only within this new generalized framework. Our predictions are benchmarked against the numerical simulations of coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations for a realistic mixture of atomic Bose–Einstein condensates.
Complex quintessence theory, Tsallis and Kaniadakis holographic dark energy and Brans–Dicke cosmology
Authors: Sadeghi J. , Gashti S. Noori , Azizi T.
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we study two different dynamic structures of holographic dark energy, namely Tsallis and Kaniadakis, within the framework of Brans–Dicke cosmology. We consider the complex form of the quintessence model and examine both non-interacting and interacting cases, calculating various cosmological parameters such as the equation of state [Formula: see text] and discussing the behavior of [Formula: see text]. We modify the potential and study the scalar field dynamics of complex quintessence cosmology. Additionally, we examine the effects of the two parts of the quintessence field (real and complex) and the fractional energy density [Formula: see text], determining whether they can describe a real universe. We note that the fractional energy density cannot be arbitrary between 0 and 1, as it depends on the Tsallis, Kaniadakis and Brans–Dicke cosmology-free parameters. For each model, we establish a relationship between the fractional energy density and other parameters such as [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
The Organizational Resources and Knowledge Management Capability: A Systematic Review
Authors: Amiri Nabeel Al , Abdul Rahim Rabiah Eladwiah , Ahmed Gouher
Published: August 2023

Competitive advantage and sustainability of business organizations can only be achieved when an organization identifies, boosts, and directs its resources toward building its capabilities. The literature identified knowledge management (KM) resources and capabilities as the most critical enablers of organizational performance and innovations. This systematic review identified KM resources (enablers) and their effects on KM capabilities. The review also went into the theories used in the empirical research on the problem. To achieve those goals, the authors summarized 27 quantitative, peer-reviewed studies found in well-known databases and published in the last 5 years between January 2014 and April 2019. The review revealed that the primary organizational KM resources are culture, people, leadership, organization structure, resources, capabilities, strategy and technology. To these, the review added some factors, which are social factors, organizational knowledge and organizational characteristics. The study is significant in finding the most common variables or factors in business KM and their implication of them for enhancing knowledge capability and organizational performance.
GMG-NCDVAE: Guided de novo Molecule Generation using NLP Techniques and Constrained Diverse Variational Autoencoder
Authors: Bhadwal Arun Singh , Kumar Kamal , Kumar Neeraj
Published: August 2023

Text processing techniques in Natural Language Processing (NLP) find applications in many industries such as pharmaceutical, automation, and automotive. Drug design using variational autoencoders is a popular data-assisted technique to design drug molecules with control over molecular properties. It generates continuous latent space, which can be optimized. This paper introduces a constrained variational autoencoder-based molecular generation structure using the SMILES format. The proposal is accompanied by the generation of molecules, filtering them based on scores, and subsequently determining the optimal molecules by using NLP matured techniques. To generate more meaningful latent space, a condition vector of molecular properties is combined with the SMILES representation of molecules. A tunable parameter (diversity,D) is also used to control the diversity in the generated molecules. The proposed architecture is evaluated using standard datasets. Validity, uniqueness, and FCD are evaluation matrices used to access the performance of model. The validity of proposed model is maximum (92.11%) at diversity level 1. As diversity level increases the validity of generated molecules decreases. This is intuitively consistent because increased diversity reduces replicas and improves variety in the generated molecules. Thus proposed model provide control over diversity of generated molecules. The results clearly indicate that the proposed method outperforms other SMILE based methods and gives a new direction for the generation of desired molecules.
The Effect of Surfactants on the Removal of Ceria Particles in the Buff Clean Process
Authors: Wang Yingjie , Sun Qiancheng , Tang Wenlong , Qiu Li-Na , Qu Xin-Ping , Hamada Satomi , Wada Yutaka , Hiyama Hirokuni
Published: August 2023

In this work, we have established a new buff clean method, using deionized water (DIW) with 2000 ppm surfactants to remove ceria particles from the surface of SiO2 after chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). Six kinds of surfactants have been compared. The SEM and AFM results show that with CAO and LAPAO, the ceria particles can be fully removed in the buff clean process. The molecular activity and adsorption energy of surfactants are calculated based on the density functional theory (DFT) to clarify the mechanism of the buff clean process. The surfactants adsorbing on the SiO2 surface can be fully removed after the buff clean process.
Performance of an E-mode AlGaN/GaN High-Electron-Mobility Transistor Integrated with a Current Limiting Diode
Authors: Hsin Yue-Ming , Zhong Yi-Nan , Lai Yu-Chen , Tsai Kai-Hsiang
Published: August 2023

In this study, a standard 650 V enhancement-mode (E-mode) AlGaN/GaN HEMT integrated with a current limiting diode (CLD) on a Si substrate is proposed, forming a new configuration (CLD-HEMT) that does not require extra process steps or costs. A CLD is designed from a 650 V AlGaN/GaN HEMT by shorting the gate and source. The proposed CLD-HEMT demonstrates improved gate capability with an increased input gate voltage swing (>11 V) and enhanced gate reliability in a scenario where a conventional p-GaN gate HEMT would be challenged. Furthermore, the breakdown voltage and reverse conduction are improved in the CLD-HEMT.
Multi-Scale Insight into Inhibition Mechanism of Benzo Derivatives in Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Copper Film Based on Experiments and Theoretical Calculations
Authors: Liu Jianghao , Niu Xinhuan , Zhan Ni , Zou Yida , Yan Han , Qu Minghui , Luo Fu , Shi Yunhui
Published: August 2023

To protect the copper (Cu) surfaces from corrosion during the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), selecting appropriate inhibitors are critical. Benzo and its derivatives are potential superior inhibitors due to their diverse heteroatoms and environmentally friendliness. In this study, benzothiazole (ABT), 2-benzothiazolamine (2-ABT) and 2-aminobenzimidazole (2-ABI) were used as inhibitors to investigate the effect of molecular structure on the inhibition performance through experimental and theoretical calculation. With the addition of inhibitors, the removal rates were all inhibited effectively and the inhibition efficiency was in the following order: 2-ABI > 2-ABT > ABT. Electrochemical experiments and surface morphology tests demonstrated that the inhibitors could prevent corrosion by forming dense passivation film on Cu surfaces with a high inhibition efficiency of 88%, 94% and 95%, and improve the surface quality after CMP. Calculation results revealed that the introduction of amino groups (–NH2) and nitrogen(N) atom into five-membered ring enhanced the inhibition effect due to the larger adsorption energy, stronger ability to contribute electrons and denser passivation film which consistent with the experiment. Such study confirms the benzimidazole derivatives are potentially inhibitor for Cu film CMP and provides a new reference to design and select novel inhibitors.
Comprehensive Analysis of Ce1−xSmxO2−δ
Solid Electrolytes: Structural, Microstructural, and Electrochemical Characterization for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Pal Durgesh R. , Mohan Kant K.
Published: August 2023

Samarium substituted ceria has been studied as a potential electrolyte material for intermediate temperature range solid oxide fuel cells. The structural, microstructural, morphological and electrochemical properties of the Ce1−xSmxO2−δ
solid electrolytes were analyzed, with different substitutions from 0.05 to 0.50. The difference in the ionic radii of Sm3+ and Ce4+ resulted in lattice strain and expansion, which was found to decrease the average size of crystallites. The ionic conductivity of ceria increases as Sm3+ concentration is increased upto a limit of 20%. This is due to the combination of vacancy-vacancy repulsion and vacancy trapping by the substitution at a higher level. However, the conductivity of Ce0.80Sm0.20O2−δ
was the highest, at 4.04 × 10−2 S cm−1 at 600 °C. The grain activation energy and grain boundary activation energy were also found to be ∼0.87 eV and ∼0.74 eV respectively. The low values of activation energies indicate that Ce0.80Sm0.20O2−δ
could be a suitable electrolyte material for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells.
Temperature Analysis of DMGC CGAA FET for Future Deep Space and Military Applications: An Insight into Analog/RF/Self-Heating/Linearity
Authors: Mudidhe Praveen Kumar , Nistala Bheema Rao
Published: August 2023

This manuscript introduces a pioneering investigation on the temperature effects of Dual Material Graded Channel (DMGC) Cylindrical Gate All Around (CGAA) FET by outlining its significance in various aspects such as analog/RF, self-heating, and linearity performance metrics. For this analysis, we have proposed a DMGC CGAA FET by amalgamating the gate and channel engineering techniques and the temperature is varied from 250 K to 450 K. A significant improvement in Ion/Ioff, SS, and DIBL by an amount of 96.98%, 19.49%, and 51.26% is obtained respectively for the proposed DMGC CGAA FET as compared to the single material graded channel (SMGC) CGAA FET. As the temperature is reduced from 450 K to 250 K, a noticeable improvement in analog/RF figure of merits and delay is obtained. Further, the self-heating effect (SHE) analysis revealed that the utilization of lower Rth is preferrable to minimize SHE in the device. Moreover, linearity parameters like gm2, gm3, VIP2, VIP3, IIP3 and IMD3 are noticed to be better for lower temperatures at higher VGS indicating good linearity. The obtained results make proposed device an ideal choice for various applications especially that operate in low temperature environments such as deep space, military, and RF applications.
Apps in Clinical Practice: Usage Behaviour of Trauma Surgeons and Radiologists in Northern Germany
Authors: Keitsch Marie , Reiter Alonja , Strahl André , Frosch Karl-Heinz , Berger-Groch Josephine , Priemel Matthias
Published: August 2023

Introduction. Apps, in general, are an integral part of our daily lives. To investigate the current usage behaviour of trauma surgeons and radiologists regarding medical apps in clinical practice and to find out if and how the current range of medical apps can be improved, we surveyed trauma surgeons and radiologists in northern Germany. Material and Methods. An online questionnaire was sent to 100 trauma surgeons and 100 radiologists in northern Germany. Participants were asked about the frequency of their use of medical apps in clinical practice, which apps were used most often, how useful participants thought apps were, and in which area they would like to see improvements. The most frequently mentioned apps were finally analyzed. Results. The survey study showed that 87.4% of the trauma surgeons and 67.4% of the radiologists use medical apps on a regular basis at work. It also revealed that trauma surgeons used medical apps much more often than radiologists and that young doctors were more likely to rely on medical apps than chief physicians. 80.0% of the participants would pay at least 5 euros for a medical app. Trauma surgeons see the greatest need for support in their daily work from medical apps in the area of treatment, while radiologists seek more support in the area of classification. Conclusion. The study underscored the broad acceptance of medical apps in everyday clinical practice. As the physicians are willing to spend money and stated a general interest and need for further developments, there is high potential for the future. This trial is registered with DRKS00026766.
Station Blackout Risk of a Nuclear Power Plant with Consideration of Time Dependencies and Common Cause Failures
Authors: Kim Man Cheol
Published: August 2023

One of the most significant risk contributors to a nuclear power plant is the station blackout (SBO) risk. The calculation of an SBO risk is complicated because different scenarios involving the failures of various components, and their time dependencies must be considered. Because time dependency modeling is difficult, the conventional approach based on event trees (ETs) and fault trees (FTs) makes conservative assumptions when calculating the SBO risk. This study describes how these time dependencies can be effectively modeled and provides the mathematical formulas to model the time dependencies when calculating the SBO risk of a nuclear power plant when there exist redundant components and their common cause failures are considered. The mathematical formulas used to model the time dependencies are validated by Monte Carlo simulations. The conventional ET/FT approach is compared with the time dependency modeling approach to evaluate the conservativeness of the results it generates. Two significant factors affecting the degree of conservativeness of the conventional ET/FT approach are also examined. The time dependency modeling with consideration of the common cause failures described in this study is expected to provide a sound mathematical framework for analyzing the SBO risk of a nuclear power plant.
Glove-Induced Hand Dermatitis: A Study in Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Prakoeswa Cita Rosita Sigit , Damayanti  , Anggraeni Sylvia , Umborowati Menul Ayu , Waskito Fajar , Indrastuti Niken , Febriana Sri Awalia , Sari Agnes Rosarina Prita , Nababan Kristo Alberto , Hazlianda Cut Putri , Nopriyati  , Budianti Windy Keumala , Pangastuti Miranti , Ilyas Faridha , Kartini Agnes , Rusetiyanti Nurwestu , Anggraini Ika , Idrus Idrianti , Brahmanti Herwinda , Akhyar Gardenia
Published: August 2023

Skin damage among healthcare workers has been reported by many centers around the world. Occupational hand dermatitis is one of the most commonly known occupational skin diseases and a socially significant health issue. The use of gloves is one of the risk factors for the occurrence and/or aggravation of hand dermatitis. This cross-sectional study involved healthcare workers in 14 referral hospitals for COVID-19 throughout Indonesia. Questionnaires were distributed to the participants, which consisted of the subject’s characteristics, glove-related skin problems, history of glove use, and clinical history. This study involved a total of 845 healthcare workers. Approximately 156 healthcare workers (18.46%) had glove-induced hand dermatitis during the pandemic. Itchy skin was the most common symptom (44.23%), and the palm was the most frequently complained area (48.72%). There was a significant association between glove use and glove-induced hand dermatitis among healthcare workers. In particular, equal to or more than 2 hours per day of glove use was significantly associated with hand dermatitis. Glove-induced hand dermatitis also had a significant association with the subject’s history of atopic dermatitis and previous history of hand dermatitis. The use of gloves by healthcare workers should be considered carefully, especially in individuals at increased risk, including those who use gloves for 2 hours or more per day and those who have a history of atopic or hand dermatitis, in order to prevent the incidence of glove-induced hand dermatitis among healthcare workers, as well as to provide a safe working environment.