bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Employment Status and Well-Being Among Young Individuals. Why Do We Observe Cross-Country Differences?
Authors: Buttler Dominik
Published: June 2022

In this paper we analyse why in some countries the difference in subjective well-being between employed and unemployed young individuals is substantial, whereas in others it remains small. The strength of this relationship has important consequences, hence it affects the intensity of the job search by the unemployed as well as the retention and productivity of employees. In the analysis we are focused on youth and young adults who constitute a group particularly exposed to the risks of joblessness, precarious or insecure employment. We expect that in economies where young people are able to find jobs of good quality, the employment–well-being relationship tends to be stronger. However, this relationship also depends on the relative well-being of the young unemployed. Based on the literature on school-to-work transition we have identified macro-level factors shaping the conditions of labour market entry of young people (aged 15–35), which consequently affect their well-being. The estimation of multilevel regression models with the use of the combined dataset from the European Social Survey and macro-level databases has indicated that these are mainly education system characteristics (in particular vocational orientation and autonomy of schools) and labour market policy spending that moderate the employment–well-being relationship of young individuals.
Labour Force Projections in India Until 2060 and Implications for the Demographic Dividend
Authors: Marois Guillaume , Zhelenkova Ekaterina , Ali Balhasan
Published: June 2022

While India is entering the period of demographic dividend, female labour participation rates remain very low. This paper aims to provide the very first labour force projections for India and its regions up to the year 2060. Projections are achieved using a discrete-time microsimulation model in which changes in population size and composition come from the interaction between demographic characteristics, educational attainment, and secular tendencies. Labour force participation rates are estimated at the individual level using personal characteristics as predictors. Results show that under constant labour force participation rates, the labour force dependency ratio (non-workers/workers) is very unlikely to attain favourable levels, which compromises the potential demographic dividend that the country could gain from its favourable age-structure. At the subnational level, the forecast yields the most favourable dependency ratio in 2060 in the regions that combine both a low-age dependency ratio and a higher participation of women. Results moreover suggest that female labour force participation is a better driver of the labour force dependency ratio than the age composition.
A new parasitic copepod (Copepoda; Cyclopoida; Chondracanthidae) from two pomacentrid fishes caught on the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia
Authors: Boxshall Geoff A.
Published: June 2022

A new species of the copepod genus Pseudacanthocanthopsis Yamaguti & Yamasu, 1959 (family Chondracanthidae) is described based on material of both sexes collected from two pomacentrid host fishes caught off Lizard Island, Queensland. The type host is Neopomacentrus azysron (Bleeker) and the additional host is N. cyanomos (Bleeker). The new species is distinguishable from all congeners by the form of the antennule of the female, which is dorso-ventrally flattened and extends out anteriorly to the front of the cephalothorax margin.
Lead (Pb) Contamination in Agricultural Products and Human Health Risk Assessment in Bangladesh
Authors: Kumar Sazal , Islam Rafiquel , Akash Pritom Bhowmik , Khan Md Hafijur Rahaman , Proshad Ram , Karmoker Joyanto , MacFarlane Geoff R.
Published: June 2022

Lead (Pb) is a widely occurring heavy metal employed in industrial products and hence released into the environment, causing several environmental health risk concerns. This study comprehensively surveyed the literature on Pb contamination in different agricultural foods and food products commonly consumed by Bangladeshi inhabitants and assessed associated cancer and non-cancer health risks. Cereals (i.e., rice, wheat and maize) contained very high concentrations of Pb among the selected food items, the highest was found in wheat (4.04 µg g−1), while rice and maize were 2.22 and 1.43 µg g−1, respectively, that exceeded the maximum allowable concentration (MAC, 0.20 µg g−1) for cereals. Vegetables contained higher Pb than the MAC of 0.01 µg g−1, except for mushroom, green banana, cauliflower and arum. In addition, pulses also contained a moderate amount of Pb; however, fruits contained a low level of Pb, except for mangoes. When examining spatial differences in Pb contamination, most districts exhibited high Pb content in cereals; however, vegetables of the Tangail district exhibited the highest Pb concentrations (2.17 µg g−1), originating from industrial operations and vehicular emissions. In terms of human health risk assessment, it was observed that consumption of rice, zucchini, tesla gourd, sponge gourd, okra, drumstick lib, chili and cabbage might pose non-cancer health risks (THQs > 1); however, fruits and pulses do not pose any non-cancer health risks to Bangladeshi residents. Most of the cereals and vegetables showed a higher value than 10−6, indicating a potential cancer risk; however, fruits and pulses showed lower risk only marginally exceeding the lower allowable limit (i.e., 10−6).

Graphical abstract
Game playing and fluctuations in emotional climate
Authors: Bonne Linda , Higgins Joanna
Published: June 2022

The inclusion of games in mathematics programmes is widely believed to foster the enjoyment of mathematics. The focus of this paper is on fluctuations in emotional climate during the playing of whole-class mathematics games. A multimethod approach drawing on the sociology of emotions was employed to explore changes in the classroom emotional climate that were associated with game playing. The event-oriented inquiry was conducted with two teachers and a class of 10- to 13-year-olds in a New Zealand classroom during mathematics sessions. Over a series of eight mathematics lessons, there were three noticeable fluctuations in emotional climate, all of which occurred during whole-class games. Our analysis of these three events identified a successful interaction with dramatic emotional energy associated with a positive emotional climate, a successful interaction with undramatic emotional energy associated with positive emotional climate, and an unsuccessful interaction associated with negative emotional climate with interactional repair. The third event also illustrated how the incomplete nature of a game’s rules can provide an opportunity for a negative emotional climate to be associated with game playing. The taken-for-granted wisdom that whole-class mathematics games can enhance emotional aspects of a classroom learning environment is supported by some of our evidence.
Musculoskeletal Deficits and Cognitive Impairment: Epidemiological Evidence and Biological Mechanisms
Authors: Sui Sophia X. , Balanta-Melo Julián , Pasco Julie A. , Plotkin Lilian I.
Published: June 2022

Purpose of Review

Cognitive impairment is associated with obesity, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis. However, no critical appraisal of the literature on the relationship between musculoskeletal deficits and cognitive impairment, focusing on the epidemiological evidence and biological mechanisms, has been published to date. Herein, we critically evaluate the literature published over the past 3 years, emphasizing interesting and important new findings, and provide an outline of future directions that will improve our understanding of the connections between the brain and the musculoskeletal system.

Recent Findings

Recent literature suggests that musculoskeletal deficits and cognitive impairment share pathophysiological pathways and risk factors. Cytokines and hormones affect both the brain and the musculoskeletal system; yet, lack of unified definitions and standards makes it difficult to compare studies.

Interventions designed to improve musculoskeletal health are plausible means of preventing or slowing cognitive impairment. We highlight several musculoskeletal health interventions that show potential in this regard.
A Comprehensive Review on Grape Juice Beverage in Context to Its Processing and Composition with Future Perspectives to Maximize Its Value
Authors: Kersh Dina M. El , Hammad Ghada , Donia Marwa S. , Farag Mohamed A.
Published: June 2022

Red and purple grape juices (GJs) have long been consumed worldwide for their unique taste and nutritive value. Moreover, grape is postulated to play an important role in the improvement of cardiovascular risk factors owing to its rich polyphenol content. Little is known regarding GJ’s holistic chemistry and functionality as compared to those of other fruit juices. This review aims to compile the state-of-the art chemistry of colored grape juices and in context to its analysis and nutritional values. Further, a review of potential contaminants to be introduced during manufacturing and other factors that influence juice quality and or health effects are presented to help maximize GJ’s quality. A comparison between analytical methods for juice QC establishment is presented employing hyphenated platforms versus direct spectroscopic techniques. The enrichment of the colored skin with a myriad of phenolics poses it as a functional beverage compared to that of skinless juice.

Graphical abstract
Happy to belong: Exploring the embeddedness of well-being in the integration of migrant and refugee minors
Authors: Bajo Marcos Eva , Fernández Mercedes , Serrano Inmaculada
Published: June 2022

This paper aims to explore the role of Child Well-Being (CWB) in the integration processes of migrant and refugee minors. Through the co-creative development of a new child-centered system of indicators about the integration of migrant and refugee children in Europe the authors discuss a) the prominent role of well-being in this set of indicators, and b) how reappraising these indicators from a well-being approach can contribute to delving into which aspects of CWB are connected to the integration of migrant children. The contributions of this paper open new research paths: on the one hand, the methodology presented provides a reference for future research that can replicate the procedure to build child-centered indicators in disciplines different than migration studies; on the other hand, the results presented suggest not only that well-being has a prominent role in migrant children integration experiences, but also, that reappraising dimensions of migrant children’s integration from a well-being approach hints at blurry borders between both concepts. This suggests promising research opportunities to underpin the relationship between integration and well-being.
Public auditing for real-time medical sensor data in cloud-assisted HealthIIoT system
Authors: Ye Weiping , Wang Jia , Tian Hui , Quan Hanyu
Published: June 2022

With the advancement of industrial internet of things (IIoT), wireless medical sensor networks (WMSNs) have been widely introduced in modern healthcare systems to collect real-time medical data from patients, which is known as HealthIIoT. Considering the limited computing and storage capabilities of lightweight HealthIIoT devices, it is necessary to upload these data to remote cloud servers for storage and maintenance. However, there are still some serious security issues within outsourcing medical sensor data to the cloud. One of the most significant challenges is how to ensure the integrity of these data, which is a prerequisite for providing precise medical diagnosis and treatment. To meet this challenge, we propose a novel and efficient public auditing scheme, which is suitable for cloud-assisted HealthIIoT system. Specifically, to address the contradiction between the high real-time requirement of medical sensor data and the limited computing power of HealthIIoT devices, a new online/offline tag generation algorithm is designed to improve preprocessing efficiency; to protect medical data privacy, a secure hash function is employed to blind the data proof. We formally prove the security of the presented scheme, and evaluate the performance through detailed experimental comparisons with the state-of-the-art ones. The results show that the presented scheme can greatly improve the efficiency of tag generation, while achieving better auditing performance than previous schemes.

Graphical abstract
Empagliflozin mitigates type 2 diabetes-associated peripheral neuropathy: a glucose-independent effect through AMPK signaling
Authors: Abdelkader Noha F. , Elbaset Marawan A. , Moustafa Passant E. , Ibrahim Sherehan M.
Published: June 2022

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) represents a severe microvascular condition that dramatically affects diabetic patients despite adequate glycemic control, resulting in high morbidity. Thus, recently, anti-diabetic drugs that possess glucose-independent mechanisms attracted attention. This work aims to explore the potentiality of the selective sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, empagliflozin (EMPA), to ameliorate streptozotocin-induced DPN in rats with insight into its precise signaling mechanism. Rats were allocated into four groups, where control animals received vehicle daily for 2 weeks. In the remaining groups, DPN was elicited by single intraperitoneal injections of freshly prepared streptozotocin and nicotinamide (52.5 and 50 mg/kg, respectively). Then EMPA (3 mg/kg/p.o.) was given to two groups either alone or accompanied with the AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin (0.2 mg/kg/i.p.). Despite the non-significant anti-hyperglycemic effect, EMPA improved sciatic nerve histopathological alterations, scoring, myelination, nerve fibers’ count, and nerve conduction velocity. Moreover, EMPA alleviated responses to different nociceptive stimuli along with improved motor coordination. EMPA modulated ATP/AMP ratio, upregulated p-AMPK while reducing p-p38 MAPK expression, p-ERK1/2 and consequently p-NF-κB p65 as well as its downstream mediators (TNF-α and IL-1β), besides enhancing SOD activity and lowering MDA content. Moreover, EMPA downregulated mTOR and stimulated ULK1 as well as beclin-1. Likewise, EMPA reduced miR-21 that enhanced RECK, reducing MMP-2 and -9 contents. EMPA’s beneficial effects were almost abolished by dorsomorphin administration. In conclusion, EMPA displayed a protective effect against DPN independently from its anti-hyperglycemic effect, probably via modulating the AMPK pathway to modulate oxidative and inflammatory burden, extracellular matrix remodeling, and autophagy.
Diagnostic performance of dedicated breast positron emission tomography
Authors: Hashimoto Rikako , Akashi-Tanaka Sadako , Watanabe Chie , Masuda Hiroko , Taruno Kanae , Takamaru Tomoko , Ide Yoshimi , Kuwayama Takashi , Kobayashi Yasuhiro , Takimoto Masafumi , Nakamura Seigo
Published: June 2022

Background

Dedicated breast positron emission tomography (dbPET) has been developed for detecting smaller breast cancer. We investigated the diagnostic performance of dbPET in patients with known breast cancer.

Methods

Eighty-two preoperative patients with breast cancer were included in the study (84 tumours: 11 ductal carcinomas in situ [DCIS], 73 invasive cancers). They underwent mammography (MMG), ultrasonography (US), and contrast-enhanced breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before whole-body PET/MRI (WBPET/MRI) and dbPET. We evaluated the sensitivity of all modalities, and the association between the maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) level and histopathological features.

Results

The sensitivities of MMG, US, MRI, WBPET/MRI and dbPET for all tumours were 81.2% (65/80), 98.8% (83/84), 98.6% (73/74), 86.9% (73/84), and 89.2% (75/84), respectively. For 11 DCIS and 22 small invasive cancers (≤ 2 cm), the sensitivity of dbPET (84.9%) tended to be higher than that of WBPET/MRI (69.7%) (p = 0.095). Seven tumours were detected by dbPET only, but not by WBPET/MRI. Five tumours were detected by only WBPET/MRI because of the blind area of dbPET detector, requiring a wider field of view. After making the mat of dbPET detector thinner, all 22 scanned tumours were depicted. The higher SUVmax of dbPET was significantly related to the negative oestrogen receptor status, higher nuclear grade, and higher Ki67 (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The sensitivity of dbPET for early breast cancer was higher than that of WBPET/MRI. High SUVmax was related to aggressive features of tumours. Moreover, dbPET can be used for the diagnosis and oncological evaluation of breast cancer.
Pulled fly balls are harder to catch: a game analysis with a machine learning approach
Authors: Kato Mamiko , Yanai Toshimasa
Published: June 2022

Two hypotheses were tested: (1) the deflecting motion of fly balls caused by aerodynamic effects varies between the pull side and opposite side of the fair territory, and (2) the probability of flyout is lower on the pull side than the opposite side in Japan’s professional baseball games. From all radar-tracking outputs of official games in 2018–2019, fly balls that resulted in outs or base hits were selected for analysis (N = 25,413), and indices representing horizontal and vertical deflecting motions of fly balls were computed and compared between the pull side and opposite side. A machine learning algorithm was used to construct a model to predict the probability of flyout from the kinematic characteristics of fly balls. Flyout zones where the probability of flyout was > 0.6 were computed for a systematically constructed set of fly balls having identical distribution between the pull side and opposite side. The results showed that: (1) most fly balls landing on the opposite side deflected in the same direction whereas the pulled fly balls deflected to either direction, (2) the pulled low fly balls had greater variability in the deflecting motions than the opposite side counterpart, (3) overall probability of flyout of the low fly balls was lower in the pull side (0.41) than the opposite side (0.49), and (4) the flyout zone of an outfielder in the pull side (mean = 698 m2) for low fly balls was smaller than that of the others (≥ 779 m2). The hypotheses were supported. The pulled low fly balls had substantial variations in the direction and magnitude of deflections, which might have reduced the flyout zone on the pull side.
Feasibility analysis of GNSS-based navigation for LUMIO mission
Authors: Bernelli-Zazzera Franco , Forte Danilo
Published: June 2022

The paper presents the design of a realistic model of the GNSS constellations GPS and Galileo to perform a navigation performances analysis in lunar environment. Starting from the visibility analysis, the link-budget of each visible GNSS spacecraft is estimated using for each one realistic data for the transmitted power and environmental and system parameters. The navigation performances are evaluated in this scenario. The model implemented is applied to the trajectory of the LUMIO CubeSat mission and the results are commented. LUMIO is a lunar CubeSat mission, on a Halo orbit at the L2 point of the Earth–Moon system, designed to observe the measured meteoroid impacts on the far side of the Moon. LUMIO has been designed to perform autonomous onboard navigation with an accuracy better than 30 km for more than 99.7% of the time. The navigation analysis in this work can be compared to such a requirement to evaluate if a GNSS-based navigation solution could be employed as well.
Hypersonic retro propulsion for reusable launch vehicles tested in the H2K wind tunnel
Authors: Marwege Ansgar , Kirchheck Daniel , Klevanski Josef , Gülhan Ali
Published: June 2022

In the frame of the RETALT (RETro propulsion Assisted Landing Technologies) project, the aerodynamics of reusable launch vehicles reentering the atmosphere and descending and landing with the aid of retro propulsion are studied. In particular, series of wind tunnel tests are performed to assess the aerodynamic properties of such a vehicle in the various flight phases from hypersonic and supersonic re-entry down to subsonic conditions at touch down. This paper discusses the results of wind tunnel tests in the Hypersonic Wind Tunnel Cologne (H2K) at the Supersonic and Hypersonic Flow Technologies Department of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Cologne for the hypersonic retro propulsion maneuver during the re-entry burn. Mach numbers of 5.3 and 7.0 were tested with a variation of thrust coefficient, Reynolds number, angle of attack, cold and heated air. A single-engine configuration and a configuration with three active engines were tested. In all tests, the engine exhaust was simulated using ambient temperature or heated air. Dependencies of the flow features of the square root of the thrust coefficient known from literature for the single-engine case can be confirmed and extended to the three-engine configuration. For the single-engine case, the formation of vortex rings was observed, which eventually leads to strong individual vortices and extensive flow field disturbances. The heating of the supply air up to 600 K mitigates condensation in the retro plume, while the overall flow structures remained unchanged. High thrust coefficients generally lead to vanishing pressure coefficients on the engine bay. The single and the three-engine cases are comparable in this sense. The Mach number and Reynolds number are of subordinate importance for the pressures on the vehicle, while the thrust coefficient is the dominating similarity parameter. Pressure coefficients far downstream of the retro plume are affected less and, therefore, are not negligible at non-zero angles of attack. In this paper, the methodology of the wind tunnel tests and the results obtained are described in detail.
CD155 promotes radioresistance and malignancy of esophageal cancer by regulating Hippo-YAP pathway
Authors: Xin Huixian , Liu Yuchen , Chen Pengxiang , Yin Tianwen , Wang Meijie , Liu Tianyu , Wen Zhihua , Cheng Yufeng
Published: June 2022

The expression of CD155 has been observed to increase in various human cancers, but its role in the development of esophageal cancer (EC) is unclear. Radiotherapy is one of the primary therapeutic options for EC. However, radioresistance is still a severe issue in EC treatment. In this study, Oncomine database mining, immunohistochemistry, and survival analysis showed that higher expression of CD155 in patients with EC than in healthy controls. In vitro and in vivo, we found for the first time that irradiation increased the expression of CD155 in EC cells. CD155 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and migration and tumor formation, and significantly increased radiosensitivity in EC. The in vivo model with high CD155 expression significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of EC cells. Furthermore, increased CD155 expression was associated with poor prognosis in patients with EC. CD155 regulated the Hippo-Yap pathway, influencing cell proliferation and migration. Therefore, CD155 is essential for the proliferation, migration, and radioresistance of EC. CD155 inhibition may be a viable strategy for improving radiation treatment efficacy in individuals with EC.
Effects of Fins Base Rounding on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Absorber Tube of Parabolic Trough Collector
Authors: Fatouh M. , Saad Nourhan , Abdala Antar M. M.
Published: June 2022

In this study, the heat transfer characteristics of an improved absorber tube of parabolic trough solar collector LS-2 are investigated using ANSYS software. Oil syltherm 800 type is used as a heat transfer fluid. Three types of absorber tubes are tested; the first is a smooth tube and the others are finned tubes. One of the rough cases is rectangular cross-section fins with rounding at fin base and the other does not have rounding at fin base. Simulations are performed with fin thickness variations of 2, 4 and 6 mm. The fin lengths change at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mm. The radii of rounding are 2, 3 and 4 mm and angles between fins are 45° and 90°. Wide range of operating parameters is considered, such as inlet fluid temperatures (300:600 K), flow rate (6:24 m3/h) and direct normal irradiance (500:1000 W/m2). The thermal efficiency, Nusselt number and thermal enhancement index are calculated under different operating conditions. The results show that thermal enhancement index of the fin with round edge radius of 4 mm is higher than that of the fin with the sharp edge (R = 0 mm) by about 10.74% under the considered conditions. The thermal enhancement index of the round edge fins with a length of 25 mm is nearly 25.6% higher than that of the round edge fins with a length of 5 mm. At a fin thickness of 6 mm, the thermal enhancement index of the round edge fin is nearly 7.8% higher than that of the sharp edge fin. At 45° angle and 25-mm fin length, the thermal enhancement index for round and sharp-edged fins is 1.644 and 1.532, respectively. When the inlet fluid temperature increased from 300 to 600 K, the heat enhancement index value increased by 14.57%; as the flow rate increased from 6 to 12 m3/h, the heat enhancement index value decreased by 11.63%. The thermal enhancement index increased from 1.265 to 1.359 as the direct normal irradiance varied from 500 to 700 W/m2.
Creation of a Novel Biomedical Engineering Research Course for Incarcerated Students
Authors: Speer Julie E. , Clapacs Zain
Published: June 2022

Options for incarcerated individuals to participate in higher education in prison programs (HEPPs) have expanded in recent years to include courses in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, however these students remain an underserved population in the United States. Thus, there are opportunities to expand the available offerings, increase the diversity of coursework available by introducing subjects such as biomedical engineering (BME), and include cocurricular and extracurricular activities widely considered critical components of undergraduate training including research experiences. As such, a year-long program was developed to introduce students pursuing a bachelor’s degree in an HEPP through an R1 institution to research principles in BME. This course introduced students to disciplines within BME, offered opportunities to gain research experience as knowledge-creators, and supported engagement with a scientific learning community. Using a student-centered approach, the course was designed to incorporate activities for reflection, goal setting, and dialogue among participants and sought to leverage students’ funds of knowledge and areas of personal scientific interest. This course represents a transferable model for offering BME courses and research-centered opportunities to students enrolled in other HEPPs and an opportunity to promote equity and access in higher education.
Effects of pipe turns on vertical helically coiled tube heat exchangers for water heating in a household refrigerator
Authors: Missaoui Sami , Driss Zied , Slama Romdhane Ben , Chaouachi Bechir
Published: June 2022

A new coupled numerical model of the overall vapor-compression cycle and water heater was developed in order to analyze the influence of condenser coil designs on the heat transfer process of a helical coil heat exchanger immersed in a storage tank. The model was developed using the CFD code ANSYS Fluent. In the numerical simulation, the helical condenser coil was treated as an internal heat source and the initial heat flux was obtained from experimental results and delivered to each coil element in the CFD model as boundary condition.

The coupled model was validated with experimental results and showed that the numerical results of the proposed model are in good agreement with the experimental data with the deviation of ± 1.6%. Then, the impact of the main representative geometrical parameter on the overall heat transfer coefficient and water temperature distribution was investigated. The results indicated that the temperature distribution and overall heat transfer coefficient increase with the increase of the pipe turns of a helically coiled tube heat exchanger.
Hardy Martingales
Authors: Müller Paul F. X.
Published: June 2022

This book presents the probabilistic methods around Hardy martingales for an audience interested in applications to complex, harmonic, and functional analysis. Building on work of Bourgain, Garling, Maurey, Pisier, and Varopoulos, it discusses in detail those martingale spaces that reflect characteristic qualities of complex analytic functions. Its particular themes are holomorphic random variables on Wiener space, and Hardy martingales on the infinite torus product, and their numerous deep applications to the geometry and classification of complex Banach spaces, e.g. the embedding of L1 into L1/H1, the isomorphic classification theorem for the class of poly-disk algebras, or the real variables characterization of Banach spaces with the analytic Radon Nikodym property. Including key background material on stochastic analysis and Banach space theory, it is suitable for a wide spectrum of researchers and graduate students working in classical and functional analysis.
Mental Health Services Utilization by the Population That Suffered Water Supply Interruption Following Mariana Dam Failure (Brazil)
Authors: Dell’Aringa Marcelo F. , Correa-Oliveira Gabriel E. , Della Corte Francesco , Ragazzoni Luca , Miranda Elaine S. , Hubloue Ives , Murray Virginia , Barone-Adesi Francesco
Published: June 2022

Objective:

Disasters may have major impacts to mental health and to the utilization of mental health services (MHS). Moreover, these effects may be worsened by the preclusion of access to basic services following the event. The aim of this study is to evaluate the utilization of public MHS by the population that suffered water supply interruption following the Mariana Dam Failure in Brazil, 2015.

Methods:

We conducted an Interrupted Time Series analyzing secondary health data from the municipalities that faced water supply interruption, comparing it to data from the other municipalities of Minas Gerais state.

Results:

We found a higher immediate (RR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.25–2.53) and gradual (RR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.03–1.06) change in the rate of mental health visits (MHV) in the affected population following the event, whereas there was an immediate fall (RR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.29–0.59) followed by a higher gradual increase (RR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02–1.06) in the rate of hospital admissions (HA) in the affected population.

Conclusion:

The results suggest that there was an increase in the utilization of public MHS by the population that suffered water supply interruption following the disaster.
How organizational politics and subjective social status moderate job insecurity–silence relationships
Authors: Son SuJin , Yang Tae Seok , Park Junsu
Published: June 2022

Drawing upon the conservation of resources theory and self-determination theory, this study examines the subjective social status (SSS) of employees and how it moderates the two-way interaction effect of job insecurity and perceived organizational politics on the types of silence (i.e., acquiescent, and defensive silence [DS]). Using data of about 350 employees in South Korea, it was found that the relationship between job insecurity and employees' acquiescent silence (AS) was stronger for individuals who perceived their organizations as highly political. The results also indicated a three-way interaction between job insecurity, perceived organizational politics, and employees' SSS on employees' AS, such that in a highly political work environment, the relationship between job insecurity and employees' AS was stronger especially for employees with low social status. However, the same pattern did not exist between job insecurity and DS.
Induced aseismic slip and the onset of seismicity in displaced faults
Authors: Jansen Jan-Dirk , Meulenbroek Bernard
Published: June 2022

We address aseismic fault slip and the onset of seismicity resulting from depletion-induced or injection-induced stresses in reservoirs with pre-existing vertical or inclined faults. Building on classic results, we discuss semi-analytical modelling techniques for fault slip including dislocation theory, Cauchy-type singular integral equations and the use of Chebyshev polynomials for their solution and an eigenvalue-based stability analysis. We consider slip patch development during depletion for faults with zero, constant static and slip-weakening friction, and our results confirm earlier findings based on numerical simulation, in particular the aseismic growth of two slip patches that may subsequently merge and/or become unstable resulting in nucleation of seismic slip. New findings include improved approximate expressions for the induced seismic moment per unit strike length and a description of the effect of coupling between the slip patches which affects both forward simulation and eigenvalue computation for high values of the ratio of fault throw to reservoir height. Our implementation based on analytical inversion and semi-analytical integration with Chebyshev polynomials is more efficient and more robust than our numerical integration approach. It is not yet well suited for Monte Carlo simulation, which typically requires sub-second simulation times, but with some further development that option seems to be within reach. Moreover, our results offer a possibility for embedded fault modelling in large-scale numerical simulation tools.
BLACKBALLING BUCKLER: THE LETTERS OF JOHN BUCKLER (1770–1851), THE CARTER SCHOOL AND THE FOUNDATIONS OF AN ANTIQUARIAN DYNASTY
Authors: Mardell Joshua
Published: June 2022

This paper examines the story, hitherto neglected by scholarship, of the antiquarian artist and architect John Buckler (1770–1851) through a remarkable cache of his letters at the Bodleian Library. Most of the letters relate to Buckler’s attempts to be elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. Having twice been blackballed in 1808 and 1809, he canvassed Britain’s leading antiquarian figures for support. With the blackballing of the architect James Wyatt in 1797 frequently alluded to, Buckler’s blackballing was the result of a cabal against him led by Sir Joseph Banks and Samuel Lysons, which had to do with both factionalism – ie his closeness to the preservationist faction led by Richard Gough and John Carter, termed the Carter school – and the Society’s onslaught against professionals. His eventual success in 1810 institutionalised his practice, allowed him entry into polite society and brought him closer to aristocratic patronage. The remainder of the Bodleian letters relate to Buckler’s topographical work recording medieval buildings across the UK, showing how he took on the revisionist medievalist project promoted by the Carter school. The article will explain Buckler’s role in the developing discourses of antiquarianism and the Gothic Revival, and how his association with the Carter school laid the foundations for the work of the Buckler dynasty. Over three generations, in line with the family name (meaning ‘to protect’), they sought to embody the idea of the architect-antiquary as a protector.
Cereal and oil seed crops response to organic nitrogen when grown in rotation with annual aerial-seeded pasture legumes
Authors: Loi Angelo , Thomas Dean T. , Yates Ronald J. , Harrison Robert J. , D'Antuono Mario , Re Giovanni A. , Norman Hayley C. , Howieson John G.
Published: June 2022

Nitrogen fixation from pasture legumes is a fundamental process that contributes to the profitability and sustainability of dryland agricultural systems. The aim of this research was to determine whether well-managed pastures, based on aerial-seeding pasture legumes, could partially or wholly meet the nitrogen (N) requirements of subsequent grain crops in an annual rotation. Fifteen experiments were conducted in Western Australia with wheat, barley or canola crops grown in a rotation that included the pasture legume species French serradella (Ornithopus sativus), biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus), bladder clover (Trifolium spumosum), annual medics (Medicago spp.) and the non-aerial seeded subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum). After the pasture phase, five rates of inorganic N fertilizer (Urea, applied at 0, 23, 46, 69 and 92 kg/ha) were applied to subsequent cereal and oil seed crops. The yields of wheat grown after serradella, biserrula and bladder clover, without the use of applied N fertilizer, were consistent with the target yields for growing conditions of the trials (2.3 to 5.4 t/ha). Crop yields after phases of these pasture legume species were similar or higher than those following subterranean clover or annual medics. The results of this study suggest a single season of a legume-dominant pasture may provide sufficient organic N in the soil to grow at least one crop, without the need for inorganic N fertilizer application. This has implications for reducing inorganic N requirements and the carbon footprint of cropping in dryland agricultural systems.
Assessing national-level provision of conservation capacity building: lessons learnt from a case study of Kenya
Authors: O'Connell Mark , Donnison Amy , Lynch Kenny , Bennett Rachel
Published: June 2022

As global environmental pressures grow, the need for delivering relevant and sustainable capacity building in conservation has never been greater. Individuals, organizations and communities need the skills, knowledge and information that allow them to address environmental issues at a variety of spatial scales and in diverse contexts. Capacity is currently built through a range of activities, including tertiary education, training courses, online learning, mentoring and continuing professional development. However, a significant proportion of the current capacity-building provision is non-strategic, project-based and reactive. The conservation sector still lacks a coordinated approach to capacity building linked to broader conservation goals. Without an assessment of current capacity-building provision and future capacity needs, the delivery of capacity building in conservation will remain fundamentally ad hoc. The need for strategic conservation capacity building in sub-Saharan Africa has been identified and here we report on the first collation of online material to assess current conservation capacity provision in Kenya (the country with the greatest online capacity-building presence). We reviewed a total of 177 capacity-building initiatives delivered during 2014–2019 and recorded 55 separate metrics for each initiative. We present: (1) a broad overview of the data collation methods developed, (2) examples of data that will support strategic capacity-building strategies, and (3) the lessons learnt from this assessment.
A new hope for conserving the disjunct population of the Sierra Madre SparrowXenospiza baileyi: population size and new breeding localities in the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico
Authors: Aguirre-Calderón Carlos Enrique , Sánchez-Escalera Armando , Ruvalcaba-Ortega Irene , Aguirre-Calderón Cristóbal Gerardo , Vargas-Larreta Benedicto , Hernández Francisco J. , Canales-del-Castillo Ricardo , Gonzalez Rojas Jose Ignacio
Published: June 2022

The Sierra Madre SparrowXenospiza baileyiis an endangered Mexican endemic and a bunchgrassland specialist with a disjunct range: a relatively larger population in the south-eastern Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, and a smaller and poorly studied population in the Sierra Madre Occidental. In the latter, known distribution and abundance consists of four localities with a maximum of 28 individuals recorded in one of them. We surveyed the Sierra Madre Sparrow in 30 sites with suitable habitat, meadows or “bajíos” with bunchgrasses, in the municipalities of Durango, Pueblo Nuevo, San Dimas, and Canatlán in the Sierra Madre Occidental of Durango. We detected a total of 193 individuals in nine (30%) of the sites (392 ha), conducting intensive searches throughout them. Bunchgrasses in confirmed meadows were composed mainly ofMuhlenbergia macroura,M. rigida,M. speciosa,M. rigens, andPiptochaetium fimbriatum.Total bunchgrass area within a meadow was a significant positive predictor of the Sierra Madre Sparrow presence, while total meadow area was not a significant predictor of its abundance. Seven of the confirmed localities were previously unknown, and two of them harboured 55% of the observed individuals: Ex Hacienda Coyotes (Pueblo Nuevo) and La Lobera (San Dimas). The estimated population size is at least four times higher than any previous record (28) or suggested (40–50) for the Sierra Madre Occidental and raises an opportunity and a challenge for conserving this genetically distinct population of the Sierra Madre Sparrow in the region.
Case series: propranolol liquid in the treatment of tachyarrhythmias in neonates and infants: potential for errors
Authors: Renwick Catherine E. , Makhecha Sukeshi , Till Jan
Published: June 2022

Oral propranolol therapy is commonly used for the prevention of tachyarrhythmias in infancy and childhood. Propranolol is commercially produced in four concentrations allowing varying volumes to be administered. However, quite often an alternative strength of propranolol liquid is issued without clear change in instructions or warning. This may lead to parents inadvertently administering the wrong dose.
An unobserved components model of total factor productivity and the relative price of investment
Authors: Chan Joshua C.C. , Wemy Edouard
Published: June 2022

This paper applies the common stochastic trends representation approach to the time series of total factor productivity (TFP) and the relative price of investment (RPI) to investigate the modeling of neutral technology (NT) and investment-specific technology (IST) and its econometric ramifications on the analysis of general equilibrium model. The permanent and transitory movements in both series are estimated efficiently via Markov chain Monte Carlo methods using band matrix algorithms. The results indicate that TFP and the RPI are, each, well represented by a differenced first-order autoregressive process. In addition, their time series share a common trend component that we interpret as reflecting changes in general purpose technology. These results are consistent with studies that suggest that (1) the traditional view of assuming that NT and IST follow independent processes is not supported by the features of the time series and (2) improper specification of secular trends may distort estimation and inference. Notably, the findings provide some guidance to minimize the effect of idiosyncratic and common trend misspecifications on the analysis of impulse dynamics and propagation mechanisms in macroeconomic models.
Administrative Burden in Citizen-State Encounters: The Role of Waiting, Communication Breakdowns and Administrative Errors
Authors: Holler Roni , Tarshish Noam
Published: June 2022

Drawing on interviews with disability and income support beneficiaries, the article examines the encounters of Israeli citizens with the National Insurance Institute. Using the administrative burden conceptualisation, our analysis highlights three known types of costs: compliance, learning and psychological. The current study provides further conceptualisation of these burdens by unfolding the role of three concrete elements involved in generating these burdens: waiting, communication breakdowns, and administrative errors. These elements are discussed in terms of their contribution to a better understanding of bureaucratic procedures that constitute administrative burdens in the context of the benefit claiming process.
Trends in Dizygotic and Monozygotic Spontaneous Twin Births During the Period 2007–2017 in Lombardy, Northern Italy: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Esposito Giovanna , Dalmartello Michela , Franchi Matteo , Mauri Paola Agnese , Cipriani Sonia , Corrao Giovanni , Parazzini Fabio
Published: June 2022

In this study, we analyzed the estimated frequency of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) spontaneous twins in Lombardy during the period 2007−2017. This is a population-based study using the regional healthcare utilization databases of the Lombardy Region. The total number of spontaneous twin deliveries, in separate strata of like and unlike sex, was obtained. Moreover, estimates of DZ and MZ twin births were calculated using Weinberg’s method. The standardized rates (SRs), adjusted for maternal age, of DZ and MZ twin births were computed according to calendar period. The twinning rates were calculated among strata of parity and maternal age. Finally, DZ:MZ ratio was calculated. Among the 734,278 spontaneous deliveries, 9176 (12.5 out of 1000 births) couples of twins were identified. In the three periods considered (i.e. 2007−2010, 2011−2014 and 2015−2017), no trend in the SRs of MZ twins was observed, respectively 0.41 (95% CI [0.40, 0.43]), 0.43 (95% CI [0.42, 0.45]) and 0.43 (95% CI[0.42, 0.45]). Differently, a slightly decreasing trend was observed in DZ twins SRs, respectively 0.87 (95% CI [0.84, 0.89]), 0.81 (95% CI [0.79, 0.83]), and 0.78 (95% CI [0.76, 0.80]). As concerns parity and maternal age, the rate of DZ twin births was consistently higher in nulliparae women aged 35 years or more. In our cohort, despite the increase of maternal age, a decline of spontaneous twin births emerged, especially due to the downward trend of DZ twins.
Der „Digital Taste“ als Voraus­setzung für den erfolgreichen Einsatz digitaler Medien in der Grundbildung
Authors: David Lisa Maria , Langer Sandra , Koppel Ilka
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Durch die Digitalisierung in unserer Gesellschaft gewinnen digitale Medien und deren Einsatz vermehrt an Relevanz. In Konsequenz droht den 6,2 Millionen gering Literalisierten in Deutschland, die ebenso tendenziell geringere digitale Fähigkeiten aufweisen, verstärkt die Gefahr des Teilhabeausschlusses. An Bedeutung gewinnen Konzepte, die gering literalisierte Erwachsene dazu bewegen, an digital gestützten Kursen zu partizipieren. Als theoretische Grundlage bietet sich hierfür das soziologische Konstrukt des „Digital Taste“ nach Stephen Reder an, das im vorliegenden Artikel über die Habitustheorie sowie motivationsbezogene Aspekte beschreibbar und in Anknüpfung an empirische Befunde für die Praxis nutzbar gemacht werden soll. Methoden: Anhand einer Online-Befragung und Online-Interviews mit Kursteilnehmenden und Kursleitenden, durchgeführt im Rahmen des Projektes GediG, wird folgende Fragestellung sekundäranalytisch bearbeitet: Wie lässt sich der Digital Taste aus multiplen theoretischen Perspektiven und empirischen Beobachtungen für die pädagogische Praxis in der Grundbildung erschließen? Ergebnisse und Diskussion: Die Ergebnisdarstellung erfolgt anhand einer schematischen Verknüpfung der theoretischen Bezüge. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der „Digital Taste“ der Kursteilnehmenden bereits vielfältig angelegt ist und dass es für Erwachsenengrundbildungskurse unerlässlich ist, diesen zu berücksichtigen, um digitale Inklusion zu ermöglichen.
Exploring the Relationship Between Loneliness and Social Cognition in Older Age
Authors: De Lillo Martina , Martin Andrew , Ferguson Heather
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Understanding others is a key component of successful social interactions, and declines in social abilities during later life can lead to social isolation and loneliness. We investigated the relationship between different subcomponents of social cognition and loneliness in a large sample of older adults. We tested perspective-taking and mentalizing skills, alongside self-reported loneliness and social functioning. The results revealed that both loneliness and age correlated significantly with older adults' ability to resist egocentric interference when taking others' perspectives. However, mediation models showed that the effect of loneliness on egocentric tendencies was eliminated when age was accounted for. Therefore, loneliness relates to egocentrism only because egocentric tendencies increase with age, and people experience increasing levels of loneliness and feelings of social isolation with increasing age. Mentalizing and interference from others' perspectives were not influenced by loneliness or age.