bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Intraplaque Verapamil Injection for Treatment of Peyronie’s Disease
Authors:   Fouji foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, Aftab Meenael
Published: May 2022

Objective: To determine the outcomes of intraplaque verapamil injection for treatment of Peyronie’s disease. Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcomes & efficacy of intraplaque verapamil injection in Peyronie’s disease management. Methods: The quasi experimental study was conducted from July 2018 to July 2019 on a group of 26 subjects suffering from Peyronie’s disease. After detailed history, complete physical and genital examination, the diagnosis was confirmed. After informed consent, questionnaires regarding pain and sexual satisfaction of patients were filled. All patients received verapamil injections on weekly basis for a period of 10 weeks. After that, all necessary variables were recorded and data analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: Most of the patients in our study were in the age group of 30-65 years. 26.9 % patients were in the range of 51-55 years old. 53.8% patients got no effect of intralesional injection of verapamil on pain while pain relieved in 38.5% of patients & 7.7% patients experienced an increased in pain intensity after 10 weeks of intralesional injection of verapamil. 61.5%of patients satisfied with their sexual life after 10 week of injections & 30.8% of patients remained unsatisfied with their sexual life while in 7.7%of patients symptoms aggravated. 53.8% of patients experienced no change in size of lesion and curvature of penis, while 30.8% got less than 50% reduction in size of lesion while 15.4% of patients got more than 50% reduction in size after 10 weeks. Conclusion: This study concluded the efficacy of Verapamil injection for management of Peyronie’s disease.
A Problematic Issue Of Child Marriage In The Sea Tribe (Suku Laut) In Lipan Island at Lingga Regency
Authors: Tan Winsherly
Published: May 2022

Child marriage is one of the issues that occurred in Indonesia, especially in the Sea Tribe (Suku Laut) community in Lipan Island, Lingga Regency of the Riau Islands Province. Indonesia has a regulation that governs child protection and marriage. This study aimed at, firstly, analyzing the effectiveness of implementing laws on marriage in the Sea Tribe people in Lipan Island. Secondly, it aimed at analysing the impacts of the child marriage practices. The method used in this study was an empirical legal research. The source of data was derived from primary and secondary data. Two (2) legal theories were adopted to analyse the research problems were the Legal Effectiveness Theory by Soerjono Soekanto and the Theory of Legal Protection by Muchsin. The result showed that the implementation of laws on marriage was not effective. The impact caused by a child marriage is the violation of children’s rights in the health and education sectors. Therefore, a revision against Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Marriage is required, in addition to the improvement of education educational quality for Sea Tribe people in Lipan Island.
Fair Legal Certainty In The Implementation Of International Arbitration Awards (A Socio Legal Study)
Authors: Hanif Sultan Fauzan , Ariani Rully Faradhila
Published: May 2022

Arbitration is a method of resolving civil disputes other than in a general court based on an arbitration agreement and made in writing by the disputing parties. For international arbitral awards, there are several requirements that must be met before the decision can be applied for execution and obtain an exequatur in Indonesia, one of which is that the decision does not conflict with public order. However, in several court decisions in Indonesia, this requirement became one of the judges' arguments against the implementation of the decision. The questions in this study are (i) what are the judges' considerations in rejecting the application for the exequatur of an international arbitral award? And (ii) what are the legal implications governing the implementation of international arbitral awards in realizing fair legal certainty? The research method used is the socio-legal method. The results show that the judge's legal considerations regarding what is meant by “public order” among judges also vary. In addition, several articles in Law no. 30 of 1999 is the base of uncertainty regarding the implementation of the international arbitration award in Indonesia which has implications for the collapse of legal certainty in the implementation of the international arbitration award.
Violence Against Women And Its Strategic Role In Covid-19 Control
Authors: Rugebregt Revency Vania
Published: May 2022

Violence against women does not only mean physical violence. It is broader and includes sexual, emotional, psychological and financial issues. In fact, in real life women make a lot of positive contributions so that the terms women entrepreneurs, smart women, heroines, and so on are known. Finally, women are still considered and valued negatively in meaning. Moreover, with the patriarchal culture that dominates in Indonesia, women are often the object of violence and complement the sufferers of men. This study used the method of normative. It is called juridical-normative because this paper was aimed to explore the principles of law to solve the problems that would be studied in this paper. The data used was secondary data, in the form of an inventory of positive legal norms in force in Indonesia governing the civil rights of illegitimate children and children's rights. The data was analyzed using qualitative analysis.
The Countermeasure Of Criminal Act Of Terrorism Financing Through Money Laundering
Authors: Amrullah M Arief
Published: May 2022

The changes in the global economy have given a benefit to the criminals. They are taking advantage by increasing the flow of goods, money, and people across the world. This reality develops into various threats to national and global interests. One of them is related to terrorism financing and money laundering, which become immortal issues that are needed prevention by cutting the chain of terrorism financing loop through money laundering. In this regard, the FATF has issued the IX Special Recommendations related to funding for terrorism and has been incorporated in the FATF Forty Recommendations on money laundering as a basic framework to find, prevent and eradicate terrorism financing and terrorist acts in general.These particular recommendations have been implemented in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 the Year 2010 Regarding Countermeasures and Eradication of Money Laundering. Furthermore, specifically regarding terrorism funding is regulated in Law Number 9 of 2013, which is the right step for Indonesia in participating in fighting terrorist groups and their financing.Therefore, bank and non-bank financial institutions must be aware of the possibility of these institutions being used as a place of money laundering to finance terrorist activities by applying the principles of Know your customer and the regulations of knowing the users.
Legal Protection For Buyers Condotel Affected Pandemics Covid-19
Authors: Suwardi Suwardi , Silfiah Rossa Ilma
Published: May 2022

Providing legal protection for buyers condotel as consumers from developers so legal aspects transition trading should be understood by the buyers as consumers. In the process of the buying and selling of fixed objects such as land, the house, apartment or other property often do we hear terms of agreement? How legal protection for buyers through a binding agreement trading condotel? Methods used in in writing this is normative, referring to act- act which is, law no. 1 year 2020 about flat. In general the contents of a binding agreement trading is the agreement a seller to fastens self will sell them to buyer and accompanied the provision of a sign so or money the based on the agreement. Generally a binding agreement of sale made under the mighty hand for some reason certain as the payment of a price has not been settled. In a binding agreement trading load the deal-agreement about the object promised, the price, when time acquittal and he made certificate trading. For reasons of practicality and a binding agreement trading prepared by the developer or power law (legal officer) a default when binding agreement signed trading, usually a potential buyer given the opportunity to read and studies draft a binding agreement buying and selling beforehand with guided  officer readers a binding agreement buying and selling from developers.
Contractual Freedom and Autonomy under the CISG and UNIDROIT Principles as Legislative and Judicial Guidance in Commonwealth Arica
Authors: Coleman Theophilus Edwin
Published: May 2022

The idea that contracting parties should be afforded the freedom to determine the content of their contract and regulate their private legal arrangements not only advances efficient international trade and commerce, but also, to a very large extent, affords the parties the opportunity to mitigate their risks in their transnational commercial relations. Parties’ risks are mitigated when the basis upon which they can conclude and enforce their contract is not concealed by uncertainty. Within the global legal order on transnational commercial and contract law, parties enter into contracts with the expectation that the contracts will be enforced by the courts of law. This article seeks to critically appraise the global stance on contractual freedom and party autonomy. It ascertains the extent to which the global approach could serve as legislative and judicial guidance for Commonwealth African countries. The article suggests that Commonwealth African countries should accede to or ratify key instruments on international commercial and contract law. It further highlights the economic significance of such accession for businesspeople in Commonwealth Africa.
Is Cryptocurrency ‘Property’ for Tax Administration Purposes?
Authors: Moosa Fareed
Published: May 2022

Section 1(a) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 stipulates that human dignity, the achievement of equality and the advancement of human rights and freedoms are foundational values of South Africa’s sovereign, democratic state. Aligned herewith is s 39(1) of the Constitution, which directs that every interpretation of the Bill of Rights must promote the values that underlie an open and democratic society based on human dignity, equality and freedom. Therefore, the Constitution’s human rights ethos, culture and spirit is a dominant theme serving as a guide when the term ‘property’ is interpreted in the context of the privacy clause (s 14(b)) and the property clause (s 25). This article argues that by applying a purposive cum contextual cum grammatical cum teleological interpretive methodology, the concept ‘property’ in ss 14(b) and 25(1) of the Constitution goes beyond the conventional ambit of common-law property. It is argued that, for constitutional purposes during tax administration, property also encompasses intangible property in the form of Bitcoin and possibly other cryptocurrencies owned by taxpayers, which represent legal interests worthy of constitutional protection during tax administration by the South African Revenue Service.
General Anti-Avoidance Rules and Tax Treaties: A South African perspective
Authors: Rudd Reinhard
Published: May 2022

The domestic laws of many countries contain statutory general anti-avoidance rules, or ‘GAAR’. As tax avoidance schemes have proliferated, especially in a cross-border context, the relative importance of a country’s GAAR has increased. A question that arises is whether a country’s GAAR can be invoked to deny the benefits granted by a tax treaty. The question is complicated by the fact that, as international agreements, tax treaties are subject to public international law, while at the same time forming part of the domestic laws of the states party to the treaty. While the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has attempted to provide clarity in this regard, the answer remains dependent on the manner in which tax treaties interact with the domestic laws of the specific jurisdictions in question. In terms of South African law, the provisions of a tax treaty rank equally with those of domestic law. As a result, any conflict must be resolved by the application of the principles of statutory interpretation and superseding of legislation. Despite this fact, the South African courts tend to favour an approach whereby the provisions of domestic law and those of a treaty are reconciled, rather than having one prevail over the other. The author argues that the GAAR may be applied in a treaty context, provided that the purpose of a treaty and the GAAR can be reconciled. Ultimately, the author is of the view that certainty in this regard can only be achieved through some form of legislative intervention.
The Case for Further Reform of the Banks’ Advisory Duty in South Africa Post the Financial Advisory and Intermediary Services Act 37 of 2002
Authors: Schulze WG
Published: May 2022

The nature and extent of a financial service provider’s (‘FSP’s’) liability for the advice or information that it provides is a core issue globally and is frequently cited in complaints and lawsuits. Commercial banks are particularly vulnerable to advice liability and cannot afford to downplay the risk as they continue with fast-paced innovation. In this context the Financial Advisory and Investment Services Act (‘FAIS Act’) has attempted to intervene in the FSP– customer relationship by regulating conduct and elevating advisory standards. Unfortunately, the Act is constrained by antiquated distinctions and has failed to improve on the common-law advisory duty. It is hoped that the proposed Conduct of Financial Institutions Bill will improve on this. The current statutory exclusions from the definition of ‘advice’ lead to a dichotomy that is unhelpful in modern banking. Furthermore, the lack of recourse to a statutory mechanism in respect of what are currently deemed ‘non-FAIS’ activities is confusing. The consequences of the current legislative framework are a lack of legal clarity (which is not good for business), inadequate regulation, and an increase in abusive practices. A reform of the legislation is needed, failing which the courts should develop the common law to impose liability even absent a regulated advisory relationship.
Appraisal of Financial Inclusion in South Africa: Proposing the Agent Banking Model Implemented in Malaysia
Authors: Van Niekerk G
Published: May 2022

Financial inclusion is a burning issue around the world, especially in emerging markets such as South Africa. Its importance lies in the fact that it will effectively reduce inequality in this country in the long term. This contribution traces formal financial inclusion measures in South Africa. The transformation to financial inclusion after 1994 increased inclusion from 61 per cent in 2004 to 93 per cent in 2018. The article highlights the fact that when people use bank accounts as mailboxes (where all money is withdrawn as soon as it comes into the account), some issues need to be addressed to ensure that they are properly banked. Indications are that only 48 per cent of all adults in South Africa can be considered to be properly banked. In South Africa, financial inclusion was explicitly legislated for the first time by the Financial Sector Regulation Act 9 of 2017. This article assesses the role of agent banking — the provision of financial services through agents or third-party intermediaries on behalf of financial institutions — in increasing financial inclusion in Malaysia. The Malaysian agent banking model could be beneficial to South Africa’s efforts to ensure that more people have access to a bank account that they can use regularly.
Case Notes: ‘Semantic Gyrations’ – When are Naartjies Oranges? Beneath the Surface of Absa Bank Limited v CSars
Authors: Pidduck Teresa
Published: May 2022

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Removal of Toxic Cations from Aqueous Solutions using Ginger Root Waste
Authors: Onwuka Jude Chinedu , Igberi Stephen Azubuike , Akpomie Timothy M.
Published: May 2022

Recently, the harmful impact of toxic metals in the aquatic environment cannot be over emphasized again. This work investigated the potential application of ginger root waste (GRW) to remove toxic cations (Cd2+ and Pb2+) from the aqueous medium. Batch adsorption examination was carried out as a function of sorbent dose, initial metal ion concentration, contact time, and temperature. The sorption equilibrium of the metal ions onto the GRW was subjected to Langmuir, Freundlich, Elovich and Redlich-Peterson isotherm models over concentration ranges of 10-50 mg/L. Sorption information was used for kinetic and thermodynamic modeling. The GRW materials before and after sorption was characterized using FTIR and SEM. Results showed higher removal percentage of Cd2+ over Pb2+ ions in all the factors studied. The Redlich – Peterson isotherm model affirmed that sorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ occurred in a heterogenous surface of the sorbent which is strongly influenced by multiple micropores and caves. Kinetic studies revealed that the sorption was controlled through intra-particle diffusion model aided by surface and chemical reactions. Meanwhile, thermodynamic parameters indicated that the Cd2+ and Pb2+ sorption process was endothermic, however, non-spontaneous at temperature of 303 and 313 K. The FTIR and SEM data showed the evidence of successful sorption of the toxic cations on to the sorbent material.
STRATEGI MEMPERTAHANKAN USAHA EMPING MELINJO DITENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19 (STUDI KASUS PADA USAHA EMPING MELINJO DI DESA KEBARONGAN, KECAMATAN KEMRANJEN)
Authors: Rasendrya Regina Husna , Utami Hastin Tri
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini berjudul Strategi Mempertahankan Usaha Emping Melinjo ditengah Pandemi Covid-19 (Studi kaus pada usaha emping melinjo di desa Kebarongan, kec.Kemranjen) Pandemi covid-19 memberikan dampak yang begitu besar terhadap sektor ekonomi terutama UMKM. Apalagi UMKM memiliki peran yang cukup strategis bagi perkembangan ekonomi nasional. Maka  dari  itu  perlu  adanya  strategi  yang  bisa  membuat  mereka  terus  bertahan  dan meningkatkan kembali omset pendapatan mereka. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui strategi yang dapat digunakan oleh para pelaku UMKM di Desa Kebarongan dalam mempertahankan usahanya. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa UMKM emping melinjo yang ada di Desa Kebarongan semenjak adanya pandemi Covid-19 awalnya mengalami penurunan pendapatan, namun mereka berhasil bangkit dan mempertahankan usahanya meski pendapatan mereka belum bisa kembali seperti semula. Strategi usaha yang digunakan para pelaku UMKM emping melinjo dalam mempertahankan usahanya di tengah pandemi Covid-19 ditempuh dengan cara memasarkan produk melalui media sosial, melakukan kerjasama promosi dengan pelaku usaha lain, dan meningkatkan kualitas produk emping melinjo.
IMPLEMENTASI ETIKA BISNIS ISLAM DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA KARYAWAN DI BMT UGT SIDOGIRI CABANG JOMBANG
Authors: Azmil Futihatul Rizqiyah  , Yuliani Yuliani
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini berjudul: Implementasi Etika Bisnis Islam Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Karyawan Di Bmt Ugt Sidogiri Cabang Jombang Etika bisnis Islam menjadi elemen penting dalam setiap aktivitas bisnis. Etika bisnis Islam memiliki pengaruh positif dalam memajukan serta menghadapi persaingan bisnis. Penerapan etika bisnis Islami sangat perlu ditekankan kepada karyawan agar dapat mencapai kinerja yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan etika bisnis Islam  dalam meningkatkan kinerja pegawai pada BMT UGT Sidogiri Jombang. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Data diperoleh dari wawancara dengan manajer, karyawan dan nasabah BMT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa BMT UGT Sidogiri Jombang telah menerapkan etika bisnis Islam dengan baik, hal ini dibuktikan dengan penerapan lima prinsip dasar etika bisnis Islam yang meliputi kesatuan, keseimbangan, kehendak bebas, tanggung jawab dan kebajikan. Melalui penerapan etika bisnis yang sesuai syariah terbukti mampu meningkatkan kinerja pegawai yang ditunjukkan dengan semakin baik kualitas dan kuantitas kerja serta tanggung jawab dalam menyelesaikan pekerjaan.
PROSES TRANSAKSI PADA SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI SERTA IMPLEMENTASINYA PADA PERBANKAN SYARIAH
Authors: Nurwahida Nurwahida , Ilfa Dianita.S1  , Nurhayani Nurhayani
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini mengkaji Proses transaksi pada sistem informasi akuntansi serta implementasinya pada perbankan syariah, menjawab permasalahan tersebut Penulis menggunakan Jenis penelitian ini meliputi penelitian pustaka (library research). Kepustakaan yaitu jenis penelitian yang dilakukan dengan menbaca buku-buku,jurnal, atau majalah dan sumber data lainnya untuk menghimpun data untuk menghimpunan data dari berbagai literature, baik perpustakaan maupun tempat-tempat lain.Dalam penelitian ini penulis menetapkan metode penelitian pustaka karena setidaknya ada beberapa alasan yang menadasarinya. Bank Syariah adalah bank yang berdasarkan asas-asas kemitraan,keadilan, transparan,dan universal yang di diimplementasikan dalam bentuk pelarangan riba dalam berbagai bentuknya, Informasi Akuntansi dari beberapa ahli,diantaranya adalah Menurut Nugroho Widjayanto Sistem Informasi Akuntansi sebagai Berikut adalah :“Sistem Informasi Akuntansi adalah susunan berbagai formulir catatan, peralatan, termasuk komputer dan perlengkapan serta alat komunikasi, tenaga pelaksananya dan laporan yang terkoordinasikan secara erat yang didesain untuk mentransformasikan datakeuangan menjadi informasi keuangan yang dibutuhkan manajemen” Penggunaan sistem informasi akuntansi juga membuat pertumbuhan teknologi menjadi lebih baik pada sektor perbankan syariah, hal tersebut dapat menjadi alasan nasabah untuk berpindah dari bank konvesional ke bank syariah, karena didasari oleh sistem informasi akuntansi yang digunakan.
Методы измерения интеллектуального капитала региона: подходы и оценки
Authors: Овчинников В.Н. , Остой Я.
Published: May 2022

В статье интеллектуальный капитал рассматривается как основополагающий фактор, определяющий потенциал регионального развития. Авторы предлагают собственный метод измерения интеллектуального капитала региона, используя для этого известные экономические индикаторы. Для оценки влияния, которое интеллектуальный капитал оказывает на региональное развитие, предложена модель, позволяющая учесть вклад предприятий и домохозяйств региона.
Российские предприятия в конце 2021 года: преодоление последствий пандемии COVID-19 и деятельность по экологизации производства
Authors: Кувалин Д.Б. , Зинченко Ю.В. , Лавриненко П.А.
Published: May 2022

В статье анализируются и комментируются результаты очередного опроса российских предприятий реального сектора, проведенного Институтом народнохозяйственного прогнозирования РАН. Приведены мнения предприятий об остроте различных макроэкономических проблем в России. Представлены оценки предприятий по поводу качества антикризисной политики государства в период пандемии. Отражена информация взаимоотношениях российских предприятий и банков. Исследована ситуация с налоговой нагрузкой предприятий. Рассмотрена потребность предприятий в рабочей силе и трудовых мигрантах. Оценен потенциал прироста выпуска без дополнительных инвестиций. Представлены взгляды российских предприятий на ресурсо- и энергосбережение, а также на глобальные цели устойчивого развития. Отражены данные о действиях предприятий в сфере экологического страхования.
Ненаблюдаемые факторы неравенства возможностей в эмпирических исследованиях
Authors: Ибрагимова З.Ф. , Франц М.В.
Published: May 2022

В статье рассматривается вопрос неполноты информационной базы эмпирических исследований в проблемном поле неравенства возможностей, обусловленный ненаблюдаемостью значительного количества обстоятельств и усилий, что приводит к занижению оценки. Изучается роль факторов семейного бэкграунда, включая полноту родительской семьи, количество братьев и сестер и психологическую атмосферу в родительской семье. Выявлено, что фактор полноты родительской семьи оказывает значительное влияние на оценки неравенства возможностей.
Нормированные цены как инструмент для прогнозирования
Authors: Коссов В.В.
Published: May 2022

Прогнозирование цен спроса на годы вперед необходимо для решения задач, главной из которых является экономическая оценка крупных инвестиционных проектов. В статье обосновано, что использование показателя «нормированная цена» повышает точность прогноза. Предлагаемые решения иллюстрируются на примере розничных цен на сливочное масло по отдельным странам за 220 лет. Для ex-post прогноза ряды цен по странам разделены на два периода. Прогноз по первой части (до 2010 г.) сравнивается с фактом за 2011-2019 гг. На примере России описаны различия между арифметическим и сущностным анализом ex-post прогноза. Показана аномалия динамики розничных цен на сливочное масло России в 1999-2019 гг.
Прогнозирование процентных ставок и показателей срочности в российской банковской системе
Authors: Пильник Н.П. , Радионов С.А.
Published: May 2022

В статье представлены сценарные прогнозы процентных ставок и дюраций кредитов и депозитов нефинансовых организаций и физических лиц в национальной и иностранной валютах в банковской системе России в зависимости от прогнозируемой динамики ключевой ставки и обменного курса. Помесячные прогнозы на горизонте одного года получены с помощью краткосрочных моделей распределенных лагов. Главная специфика моделей состоит в использовании модифицированного функционала ошибок в соответствии с подходом, аналогичным многошаговому прогнозированию. Результаты анализа свидетельствуют о наличии рисков возникновения дисбалансов в структуре активов и пассивов национальной банковской системы в текущих макроэкономических условиях и на фоне повышения ключевой ставки Банка России. В первую очередь обращает на себя внимание сокращение процентной маржи в сегменте рублевых банковских инструментов физических лиц. Кроме того, модельные расчеты показывают рост срочности потребительских кредитов в условиях снижения аналогичного показателя для других инструментов.
Вопросы оценки уровня государственной поддержки промышленности и ее влияния на экономические показатели развития в региональных интеграционных объединениях
Authors: Кушнарев Н.Г. , Рогожник Н.Н. , Цыбульник Л.В. , Шаматрин И.В. , Пак А.Ю.
Published: May 2022

В статье на основе анализа мировых теоретических и практических представлений разработан методологический подход к оценке уровня государственной поддержки промышленности на основе использования комплекса показателей – величина господдержки в ВВП, промышленном производстве, отраслях. Отдельно предлагается подход к оценке уровня господдержки экспорта, с учетом возможности определения объема промышленных субсидий в целях содействия продвижению товаров на внешние рынки. Кроме того, в статье предложен методологический подход к оценке влияния объема промышленных субсидий на отдельные экономические показатели, связанные с целями реализации мер господдержки на основе анализа политики протекций промышленности в региональных интеграционных объединениях.
Повышение ставки НДС в России с позиции кривой Лаффера
Authors: Калинин А.М.
Published: May 2022

В статье анализируется соответствие кривой Лаффера фактической динамики платежей по НДС в России в условиях повышения с 2019 г. основной налоговой ставки. Показано, что опережающий (по отношению к росту добавленной стоимости) рост поступлений по НДС не противоречит кривой Лаффера, если учитывать изменения усилий по собираемости налога. Тем самым экономика, даже при относительно небольшом увеличении налоговой ставки, сокращает возможности государства по извлечению дополнительного дохода.
Генерация новых знаний в ресурсном секторе экономики
Authors: Крюков В.А. , Миляев Д.В. , Душенин Д.И. , Савельева А.Д. , Скузоватов М.Ю.
Published: May 2022

В статье представлен математический аппарат, позволяющий прогнозировать развитие инновационных технологий, создающих основу для рентабельного освоения трудноизвлекаемых запасов углеводородного сырья. Авторский подход представляет симбиоз агентных моделей, байесовских сетей, кривых обучения, статистического анализа и численных методов имитационного моделирования. Обозначенные приемы ранее не применялись комплексно в исследованиях, связанных с нефтегазовой отраслью. Практическая значимость модельного инструментария заключается в приоритезации мер, направленных на инновационный рост в нефтегазовом секторе. Апробация подхода выполнена на основе тестовых расчетов для трех объектов: сложнопостроенных структур Предпатомского прогиба Восточной Сибири и Республики Саха (Якутия), залежей доюрского комплекса юго-востока Западной Сибири и природных битумов Республики Татарстан. Расчеты подтверждают рабочую гипотезу о целесообразности формирования технологических кластеров для эффективной добычи трудноизвлекаемых углеводородов.
Особенности среднесрочных перспектив производства конструкционных материалов в России
Authors: Буданов И.А.
Published: May 2022

В статье рассмотрены проблемы принятия решений по развитию комплекса конструкционных материалов. Показаны особенности удовлетворения потребностей экономики в материалах в 2000-е годы. Особое внимание уделено изменениям на глобальном рынке и специфике процессов в экономике РФ. Отмечено, что переход к оценке перспектив компаний, занятых производством конструкционных материалов, на основе динамики вложенных средств, активов бизнеса позволяет урегулировать конфликты участников рынка по поводу доходов, устранить различия в привлекательности отечественной и зарубежной экономической среды. Предложены направления совершенствования механизмов государственного регулирования процессов отраслевого развития.
Развитие рынка электромобилей в России как необходимое условие получения выгод от глобального тренда на электрификацию транспорта
Authors: Семикашев В.В. , Колпаков А.Ю. , Яковлев А.А. , Ростовский Й.-К.
Published: May 2022

Электромобилизация – один из устойчивых трендов в современной мировой экономике. Развитие рынка электромобилей в России является целесообразным направлением экономической политики, так как это способ заинтересовать международные автоконцерны развивать свой бизнес в нашей стране, что снизит издержки на использование результатов глобального научно-технического прогресса и создаст для отечественных компаний возможность встроиться в технологическую цепочку создания добавленной стоимости. Эшелонированное развитие электромобильного рынка должно включать три последовательных этапа: 1) субсидирование пионерного использования, когда спрос обеспечивается специализированными мерами поддержки; 2) переход к массовому использованию, когда все элементы рынка (спрос, предложение, меры государственной поддержки) акцентированно смещаются в сторону массового распространения электромобилей; 3) свободный рынок и извлечение выгод от электрификации транспорта. Наиболее критичным является успешное прохождение первого этапа, для чего необходимо обустройство минимально достаточной зарядной инфраструктуры в крупных городах и на ключевых автомагистралях страны, а также доведение объема ежегодных продаж до 40 тыс. новых электромобилей.
Стратегическое планирование и системная оптимизация национальной экономики
Authors: Клейнер Г.Б. , Рыбачук М.А. , Карпинская В.А.
Published: May 2022

В статье предлагается актуальная версия концепции стратегического планирования, учитывающая динамику и состояние экономической теории, экономической политики, управления экономикой, а также особенности функционирования народного хозяйства России. Формируется комплекс принципов принятия решений на всех уровнях управления. Исследуются возможности применения опыта разработки и реализации Системы оптимального функционирования экономики (СОФЭ), созданной в 1980-х годах в Центральном экономико-математическом институте АН СССР. Проводится ревизия понятий «оптимизация», «стратегия», «стратегическое планирование». Реализуется попытка синтеза трех основных подходов к построению теоретической базы совершенствования управления экономикой – стратегического, оптимизационного, экосистемного – направленная на достижение целей коэволюционного развития экономической теории, управленческой методологии и хозяйственной практики. Важность развития экосистемной структуры экономики подтверждается оценочным расчетом влияния этого процесса на прирост ВВП России.
Долгосрочный прогноз развития сельского хозяйства России на базе экономико-математической модели
Authors: Ушачёв И.Г. , Харина М.В. , Чекалин В.С.
Published: May 2022

В данной статье приводится долгосрочный прогноз развития сельского хозяйства, выполненный с использованием линейной оптимизационной модели. Она используется во ВНИИЭСХ при разработке долгосрочных прогнозов развития сельского хозяйства и отдельных отраслей агропромышленного комплекса. По предлагаемой модели (она относится к моделям частичного равновесия) производится оптимизация распределения материально-вещественных, стоимостных ресурсов в сельском хозяйстве по критерию максимизации потребления продуктов питания населением России.
«Новые» региональные пропорции: результаты пересчета валового регионального продукта
Authors: Михеева Н.Н.
Published: May 2022

В статье обсуждаются результаты перехода Росстата на новую методологию расчета валового регионального продукта (ВРП), которая ориентирована на международные стандарты учета. В соответствии с ней в состав ВРП включена стоимость жилищных услуг, производимых и потребляемых собственниками жилья. Величина потребления основного капитала по отраслям экономики определена, исходя из его текущей рыночной стоимости. Следствием новой оценки стало изменение региональной и отраслевой структуры ВРП, а также относительных позиций регионов в национальных показателях. Показано, что в результате пересчета ВРП снизилась межрегиональная дифференциация среднедушевых показателей ВРП. Проанализированы изменения структуры ВРП в счетах образования и использования доходов. Показано, что при переходе к новой методологии увеличился разрыв между данными региональных счетов и непосредственно наблюдаемыми показателями.
Организация оперативного мониторинга состояния экономики региона (на примере г. Москвы)
Authors: Широв А.А. , Потапенко В.В. , Никитин К.М. , Чаплина Ю.Ю.
Published: May 2022

В статье описываются разработанная система оперативного мониторинга состояния региональной экономики и ее апробация в Москве. Данная система содержит несколько уровней иерархии: региональная экономика в целом, крупнейшие ее отрасли и их подотрасли, крупнейшие отраслевые компании, малое и среднее предпринимательство, что позволяет проводить комплексный анализ состояния городской экономики. В рамках системы оперативного мониторинга используются как официальные статистические данные, так и новые разрабатываемые на региональном уровне показатели. Система оперативного мониторинга (в отличие от официальной макроэкономической статистики) позволяет строить ежемесячные оценки ВРП на основе сводных совпадающих индексов.
Tarihi Yarımada Semt Parkları Örneklerinde Mekânsal Kalite Farklılıklarının PPS Mekân Diyagramı Üzerinden Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KEREM ÖZTÜRK Zeynep , FERAH Bahar , TUNCA Can
Published: May 2022

Dünya nüfusunun %56'dan fazlası kentsel alanlarda yaşamakta olup bu nüfus günden güne artmaya devam etmektedir (Urban Population, 2020). Hızla artan kentleşme eğilimi şehirlerde ve çevresindeki yeşil alanlar ile doğal alanlarda kolayca tahribata neden olmakta, söz konusu alanların korunmasıyla ilgili birçok zorluğu da beraberinde getirmektedir. Kentlerde yaşayan insanların günlük yaşamlarında yer alan çalışma, eğitim, alışveriş gibi eylemlerin dışında boş vakitlerini geçirdikleri, mental ve fiziksel olarak rahatladıkları kentsel açık alanlar ve yeşil alanların bu nedenle mekânsal planlamada ve kentsel tasarımda önemli bir yeri bulunmaktadır. Kentsel açık ve yeşil alanların kentlilere sunduğu aktif kullanım alanı olarak parklar; kentlilere çeşitli sosyal, kültürel ve fiziksel aktivite olanaklarını da beraberinde sunmaktadır. Parkların mekansal düzenlemeleri ile bakımı ve yönetiminin sonucunda kişilerde bıraktığı algının temelinde ise, parkların mekan kalitesinin değişimleri yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada Tarihi Yarımadanın farklı mahallelerinde yer alan 3 adet parkta kullanıcıların mekan ile ilişkileri gözlemlenerek, “PPS’in (Public Project For Spaces)” tanımladığı mekan kalitesi diyagramı “The Place Diagram (Mekan Diyagramı)” ve kaliteli park standartlarından faydalanılarak somut mekansal kalite değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Analizlerden ortaya çıkan sonuçlara göre semt parklarının kalite yükseltilmesine yönelik önerilerin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Investigating the Impact and Effectiveness of an ICT-based Teaching Scenario on Secondary School Students’ Geospatial and Statistical Literacy: A Case Study from Greece
Authors:   University of the Aegean, Greece, Rizou Ourania , Klonari Aikaterini ,   University of the Aegean, Greece, Kavroudakis Dimitris ,   University of the Aegean, Greece
Published: May 2022

The case study investigates students’ statistical and geospatial literacy and their reaction to an ICT-based teaching scenario. The study involved 41 High School students’ in Lesvos Island, Greece. The intervention was applied in the ICT lab, in the context of a second-semester project on Geography. The means we employed to carry out students’ activities included worksheets and the web-based platform statistics4school. In order to check the effectiveness of this intervention, the sample completed assessment sheets and an anonymous self-reporting questionnaire. According to the results, students declared that they became more confident with statistical concepts and geospatial thinking. The same perspective was also reflected in their responses regarding developing cognitive and social skills and literacy in general. The intervention’s findings establish the basis according to which implementing new ICT-based teaching scenarios will support statistical, geospatial, and digital literacy.
Intensive care unit readmissions following isolated coronary artery surgery
Authors: Grochla Marek , Knapik Piotr , Suwalski Piotr , Perek Bartłomiej , Cisowski Marek , Hirnle Tomasz , Filipiak Krzysztof , Zembala Michał
Published: May 2022

Introduction

According to single institution studies, patients readmitted to the ICU (Intensive Care Unit) following cardiac surgery are at high risk of death. In our study, we primarily aimed to assess the impact of ICU readmission on postoperative results and to identify the independent risk factors of this complication among patients undergoing isolated coronary artery surgery.

Material and methods

Following exclusions, we analyzed 89,958 consecutive patients in the Polish National Registry of Cardiac Surgical Procedures (KROK Registry), scheduled for isolated coronary artery surgery between January 2010 and December 2019. Variables that independently influenced ICU readmission were identified by means of the multivariable logistic regression. Data of survivors and non-survivors among patients readmitted to the ICU were compared.

Results

In the analyzed group, 1,003 patients underwent ICU readmission (1.1%). In-hospital mortality among patients readmitted and not readmitted to the ICU was 29.6% and 2.1%, respectively (p<0.001). All postoperative complications were more frequent among patients readmitted to the ICU. Overall, 15 independent predictors of ICU readmission were identified, and conversion to on-pump procedure, age>65 years and preoperative NYHA class III or IV were located on the top of this list. Patients who died following ICU readmission were older, more frequently classified NYHA IV, more frequently underwent non-elective surgery or MIDCAB (Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass).

Conclusions

ICU readmission following coronary artery surgery is associated with increased in-hospital mortality and the development of postoperative complications. There are many predictors of ICU readmission. Non-survivors of this complication were older, with more advanced heart failure and more frequently underwent non-elective surgery.
Evaluation of miRNA-27a/b expression in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Keshavarz Reihaneh , Aghaee-Bakhtiari Seyed Hamid , Pakzad Parviz , Banach Maciej , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: May 2022

Introduction

We aimed to evaluate the serum level of miRNA-27 expression in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).

Material and methods

miRNA-27a/b levels in serum were compared between 39 patients with heterozygous FH (HeFH = 20) and homozygous FH (HoFH = 19), and 20 healthy subjects (control group). The expression level of miRNA-27a/b was measured using real-time PCR.

Results

miRNA-27a/b expression in heFH patients (fold change: 2.21 ±0.69, p = 0.001) and in the subgroup of hoFH (fold change: 3 ±1.19, p = 0.001) was significantly higher compared to healthy people. In the comparison between HoFH and HeFH, the HoFH group had a significantly higher level of miRNA-27a/b expression (FC: 1.84 ±1.19, p = 0.009).

Conclusions

We observed higher miRNA-27a/b expression in patients with FH than in healthy individuals. In comparison with HoFH and HeFH groups, the former had a higher expression level of miRNA-27a/b, which indicates the potential of miRNA-27a/b as a candidate marker for the severity of disease in individuals with FH.
Current status of the gastric cancer screening program in Korea
Authors: Kim Young-Il , Choi Il Ju
Published: May 2022

Background: In 2019, gastric cancer was one of the most common cancers in Korea. As a secondary prevention strategy for gastric cancer, the cancer screening has been provided since 1999 by the National Cancer Screening Program every 2 years for adults aged ≥40 years.Current Concepts: The participation rates for gastric cancer screening program have increased from 7.4% in 2002 to 62.9% in 2019. Until 2017, either upper gastrointestinal series or endoscopy were recommended for screening method. Since 2018, endoscopy has become the preferred screening method and 89.1% of the participants underwent endoscopy in 2019. After the introduction of the screening program, the 5-year relative survival rates have markedly improved (43.9% between 1993 and 1995 vs. 77.5% between 2015 and 2019), and the proportion of early gastric cancer detection has increased (28.6% in 1995 vs. 63.6% in 2019). The risk of death from gastric cancer decreased by 47% in participants who had undergone endoscopy screening. Additionally, the gastric cancer screening program is cost-effective, and endoscopy-associated adverse events rarely occur.Discussion and Conclusion: With the implementation of the screening program, mortality due to gastric cancer has decreased owing to early detection. After the completion of ongoing clinical trials in the general population, the primary prevention strategy of Helicobacter pylori eradication should be considered to effectively reduce the incidence of gastric cancer. Further studies are also required to provide optimal screening interval according to the presence of risk factors including H. pylori infection and presence of gastric mucosal atrophy.
Risk factors for early gastric cancer: focus on Helicobacter pylori gastritis
Authors: Moon Hee Seok
Published: May 2022

Background: Gastric cancer is a global health problem, and the incidence and geographical distribution of different types of gastric cancer varies. Particularly, noncardiac gastric cancer is more prevalent in East Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, Latin America, and Africa. Infection with Helicobacter pylori, which was discovered in 1982, is a common cause of chronic gastritis, and the association between H. pylori infection and gastric adenocarcinoma is well established.Current Concepts: Gastric cancer is histologically divided into 2 types: intestinal and diffuse. H. pylori infection is considered as the main risk factor for the development of both types of gastric tumors. The most documented course of development of stomach cancer is following cellular metaplasia due to chronic inflammation, damage, and repair. Various molecular alterations caused by H. pylori are identified not only in gastric cancer but also in precancerous lesions. Recently, many studies have attempted to diagnose H. pylori gastritis and precancerous lesions using endoscopy.Discussion and Conclusion: Recent studies have shown that eradication therapy stabilizes or reduces the risk of developing gastric cancer. Therefore, the diagnosis and understanding of gastritis and precancerous lesions caused by H. pylori are the first step in the prevention of gastric cancer.
Endoscopic diagnosis of early gastric cancer
Authors: Joo Dong Chan , Kim Gwang Ha
Published: May 2022

Background: Among the types of gastric cancer, the proportion of early gastric cancer has shown a steady increase because the national screening programs have been conducted in Korea. Accordingly, the paradigm shift of the treatment procedure from surgical gastrectomy to endoscopic resection for selected early gastric cancer has accelerated recently. For successful treatment of early gastric cancer, early detection is essential to accurately predict the histological type, depth of invasion, and horizontal margins of the tumor.Current Concepts: The diagnosis of early gastric cancer and selection of treatment procedures comprises the following steps: (1) presence diagnosis, (2) qualitative diagnosis, and (3) quantitative diagnosis. Presently, early gastric cancer diagnosis is based on the endoscopic detection of a demarcated lesion and irregularity of the mucosal surface or color pattern. If a lesion is diagnosed as early gastric cancer, qualitative and quantitative diagnostic processes should be conducted. Qualitative diagnosis predicts the histological type (differentiated vs. undifferentiated), whereas quantitative diagnosis predicts the invasion depth and horizontal margins of the lesion. The diagnostic processes are based on the macroscopic morphology and color of the lesion, while sometimes using chromoendoscopy, image-enhanced endoscopy, and magnifying endoscopy.Discussion and Conclusion: If gastric cancer is detected at an early stage, most cases can be treated only by endoscopic resection. Therefore, endoscopists should have systematic knowledge regarding the findings of early gastric cancer for timely detection and appropriate selection of the treatment procedure.
Endoscopic treatment for early gastric cancer
Authors: Ahn Ji Yong
Published: May 2022

Background: In Korea, the number of screening endoscopies to detect early stage gastric neoplasms has increased exponentially following the active implementation of the National Cancer Screening Program.Current Concepts: Endoscopic treatment, including endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection, is recognized as a minimally invasive treatment method with low morbidity and mortality for gastric dysplasia or early gastric cancer. Owing to improvement in the detection of early gastric cancer and advances in techniques, cases of endoscopic resection have increased and indications have been expanded. Endoscopic resection can preserve gastric function with excellent maintenance of the patient’s quality of life, and previous studies have shown better long-term follow-up outcomes compared to those with surgery. However, the fundamental limitation of endoscopic procedures is that gastric lymph-node dissection is not possible using endoscopic resection.Discussion and Conclusion: Although the usefulness of endoscopic resection is proven for tumors with a very low risk of lymph-node metastasis, follow-up examination using endoscopy and computed tomography should be performed for at least 5 years after curative resection of early gastric cancer.