bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern PID/FOPID controllers for frequency regulation of interconnected power system by considering different cost functions
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed Ahmed Ebrahim , Jagatheesan K. , Anand B.
Published: August 2023

This article presents frequency regulation of an interconnected three-area power system (Thermal + Wind + Hydro). Fractional Order PID (FOPID) and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers are applied as subsidiary regulators to control the electrical power interconnected system at the time of sudden load variation. To accomplish this study, Genetic Algorithm (GA), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Sine Cosine Inspired Algorithm (SCIA) and Atom Search Inspired Algorithm (ASIA) are implemented to optimize the secondary regulators' gains (PID and FOPID) by considering various cost functions such as Integral Absolute Error (IAE), Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE), Integral Square Error (ISE), and Integral Time Square Error (ITSE). Performance analysis in this work is conducted using various cost functions based on GA, GWO, SCIA and ASIA. The comparative analysis of the attained results reveals that GWO-PID and ASIA–PID settle at (83.83 s) and (30.31 s), respectively and ASIA-FOPID at (25.12 s). The controllers based on ITSE as a cost function outperform the comptrollers with other cost functions (ISE, IAE and ITAE). In addition, the ISE-based GA–PID and SCIA–PID settle at (113.92 s) and (35.1 s), respectively and SCIA-FOPID at (24.78 s). The ISE-based regulators yield improved response equated to other cost functions (ITSE, IAE and ITAE) optimized controllers. The robustness test also is carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed optimization techniques by changing the system parameters within ± 25% and ± 50% from their nominal values as well as changing the load pattern.
The kisspeptin-1 receptor antagonist peptide-234 aggravates uremic cardiomyopathy in a rat model
Authors: Dinh Hoa , Kovács Zsuzsanna Z. A. , Márványkövi Fanni , Kis Merse , Kupecz Klaudia , Szűcs Gergő , Freiwan Marah , Lauber Gülsüm Yilmaz , Acar Eylem , Siska Andrea , Ibos Katalin Eszter , Bodnár Éva , Kriston András , Kovács Ferenc , Horváth Péter , Földesi Imre , Cserni Gábor , Podesser Bruno K. , Pokreisz Peter , Kiss Attila , Dux László , Csabafi Krisztina , Sárközy Márta
Published: August 2023

Uremic cardiomyopathy is characterized by diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and fibrosis. Dysregulation of the kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R)-mediated pathways are associated with the development of fibrosis in cancerous diseases. Here, we investigated the effects of the KISS1R antagonist peptide-234 (P234) on the development of uremic cardiomyopathy. Male Wistar rats (300–350 g) were randomized into four groups: (i) Sham, (ii) chronic kidney disease (CKD) induced by 5/6 nephrectomy, (iii) CKD treated with a lower dose of P234 (ip. 13 µg/day), (iv) CKD treated with a higher dose of P234 (ip. 26 µg/day). Treatments were administered daily from week 3 for 10 days. At week 13, the P234 administration did not influence the creatinine clearance and urinary protein excretion. However, the higher dose of P234 led to reduced anterior and posterior wall thicknesses, more severe interstitial fibrosis, and overexpression of genes associated with left ventricular remodeling (Ctgf, Tgfb, Col3a1, Mmp9), stretch (Nppa), and apoptosis (Bax, Bcl2, Casp7) compared to the CKD group. In contrast, no significant differences were found in the expressions of apoptosis-associated proteins between the groups. Our results suggest that the higher dose of P234 hastens the development and pathophysiology of uremic cardiomyopathy by activating the fibrotic TGF-β-mediated pathways.
Robotic transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression: a pilot study
Authors: Shin Hyunsoo , Jeong Hyeonseok , Ryu Wooseok , Lee Geunhu , Lee Jaeho , Kim Doyu , Song In-Uk , Chung Yong-An , Lee Sungon
Published: August 2023

There has been an increasing demand for robotic coil positioning during repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment. Accurate coil positioning is crucial because rTMS generally targets specific brain regions for both research and clinical application with other reasons such as safety, consistency and reliability and individual variablity. Some previous studies have employed industrial robots or co-robots and showed they can more precisely stimulate the target cortical regions than traditional manual methods. In this study, we not only developed a custom-TMS robot for better TMS coil placement but also analyzed the therapeutic effects on depression. Treatment effects were evaluated by measuring regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) using single-photon emission computed tomography and depression severity before and after rTMS for the two positioning methods. The rTMS preparation time with our robotic coil placement was reduced by 53% compared with that of the manual method. The position and orientation errors were also significantly reduced from 11.17 mm and 4.06° to 0.94 mm and 0.11°, respectively, confirming the superiority of robotic positioning. The results from clinical and neuroimaging assessments indicated comparable improvements in depression severity and rCBF in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex between the robotic and manual rTMS groups. A questionnaire was used to determine the patients’ feelings about the robotic system, including the safety and preparation time. A high safety score indicated good acceptability of robotic rTMS at the clinical site.
Cognitive training incorporating temporal information processing improves linguistic and non-linguistic functions in people with aphasia
Authors: Choinski Mateusz , Stanczyk Magdalena , Szymaszek Aneta
Published: August 2023

People with aphasia (PWA) often present deficits in non-linguistic cognitive functions, such as executive functions, working memory, and temporal information processing (TIP), which intensify the associated speech difficulties and hinder the rehabilitation process. Therefore, training targeting non-linguistic cognitive function deficiencies may be useful in the treatment of aphasia. The present study compared the effects of the novel Dr. Neuronowski® training method (experimental training), which particularly emphasizes TIP, with the linguistic training commonly applied in clinical practice (control training). Thirty four PWA underwent linguistic and non-linguistic assessments before and after the training as well as a follow-up assessment. Patients were randomly assigned to either experimental (n = 18) or control groups (n = 16). The experimental training improved both non-linguistic functions (TIP and verbal short-term and working memory) and linguistic functions: phoneme discrimination, sentence comprehension, grammar comprehension, verbal fluency, and naming. In contrast, the control training improved only grammar comprehension and naming. The follow-up assessment confirmed the stability of the effects of both trainings over time. Thus, in PWA, Dr. Neuronowski® training appears to have broader benefits for linguistic and non-linguistic functions than does linguistic training. This provides evidence that Dr. Neuronowski® may be considered a novel tool with potential clinical applications.
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces endothelial inflammation via ACE2 independently of viral replication
Authors: Montezano Augusto C. , Camargo Livia L. , Mary Sheon , Neves Karla B , Rios Francisco J , Stein Ross , Lopes Rheure A. , Beattie Wendy , Thomson Jacqueline , Herder Vanessa , Szemiel Agnieszka M. , McFarlane Steven , Palmarini Massimo , Touyz Rhian M.
Published: August 2023

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a respiratory disease associated with inflammation and endotheliitis. Mechanisms underling inflammatory processes are unclear, but angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor which binds the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 may be important. Here we investigated whether spike protein binding to ACE2 induces inflammation in endothelial cells and determined the role of ACE2 in this process. Human endothelial cells were exposed to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, S1 subunit (rS1p) and pro-inflammatory signaling and inflammatory mediators assessed. ACE2 was modulated pharmacologically and by siRNA. Endothelial cells were also exposed to SARS-CoV-2. rSP1 increased production of IL-6, MCP-1, ICAM-1 and PAI-1, and induced NFkB activation via ACE2 in endothelial cells. rS1p increased microparticle formation, a functional marker of endothelial injury. ACE2 interacting proteins involved in inflammation and RNA biology were identified in rS1p-treated cells. Neither ACE2 expression nor ACE2 enzymatic function were affected by rSP1. Endothelial cells exposed to SARS-CoV-2 virus did not exhibit viral replication. We demonstrate that rSP1 induces endothelial inflammation via ACE2 through processes that are independent of ACE2 enzymatic activity and viral replication. We define a novel role for ACE2 in COVID-19- associated endotheliitis.
Influence of proton irradiation on the magnetic properties of two-dimensional Ni(II) molecular magnet
Authors: Czernia Dominik , Konieczny Piotr , Juszyńska-Gałązka Ewa , Perzanowski Marcin , Lekki Janusz , Guillén Anabel Berenice González , Łasocha Wiesław
Published: August 2023

The influence of 1.9 MeV proton irradiation on structural and magnetic properties has been explored in the two-dimensional (2D) NiSO4(1,3-phenylenediamine)2 coordination ferrimagnet. The X-ray powder diffraction and IR spectroscopy revealed that the octahedrons with Ni ion in the center remain unchanged regardless of the fluence a sample received. In contrast, proton irradiation greatly influences the hydrogen bonds in the flexible parts in which the 1,3-phenylenediamine is involved. Dc magnetic measurements revealed that several magnetic properties were modified with proton irradiation. The isothermal magnetization measured at T = 2.0 K varied with the proton dose, achieving a 50% increase in magnetization in the highest measured field µ0Hdc = 7 T or a 25% decrease in remanence. The most significant change was observed for the coercive field, which was reduced by 90% compared to the non-irradiated sample. The observed results are accounted for the increased freedom of magnetic moments rotation and the modification of intralayer exchange couplings.
Autistic traits associated with dichotomic thinking mediated by intolerance of uncertainty
Authors: Suzuki Noi , Hirai Masahiro
Published: August 2023

A recent cognitive model suggests that autistic individuals may experience dichotomous thinking patterns mediated by intolerance of uncertainty; however, empirical evidence to support this model is lacking. This study aimed to identify the relationships between autistic traits, intolerance of uncertainty, and dichotomous thinking using the Autism Spectrum Quotient, Short Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, and the Dichotomous Thinking Inventory. We collected data from non-clinical university students (N = 151; pilot study) and general adults (N = 500; main study) and analyzed the results using structural equation modeling. Both studies showed a significant indirect effect of autistic traits on dichotomous thinking mediated by intolerance of uncertainty. Moreover, the results indicated that intolerance of uncertainty was significantly and positively associated with Autism Spectrum Quotient and Dichotomous Thinking Inventory scores. Conversely, there was a significant negative direct association between Autism Spectrum Quotient and Dichotomous Thinking Inventory scores. This is the first study to demonstrate that autistic traits can result in dichotomous thinking through intolerance of uncertainty. These findings provide insight into the cognitive patterns of autistic individuals.
The BCL-2 family protein BCL-RAMBO interacts and cooperates with GRP75 to promote its apoptosis signaling pathway
Authors: Xu Jinghong , Hashino Takuya , Tanaka Reiji , Kawaguchi Koichiro , Yoshida Hideki , Kataoka Takao
Published: August 2023

The BCL-2 family protein BCL-RAMBO, also known as BCL2-like 13, anchors at the outer mitochondrial membrane and regulates apoptosis, mitochondrial fragmentation, and mitophagy. However, the mechanisms underlying the proapoptotic role of BCL-RAMBO remain unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that BCL-RAMBO interacted with glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75), also known as heat shock protein family A member 9, and mortalin using co-immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase-based pull-down assays. BCL-RAMBO interacted with GRP75 via its No BCL-2 homology domain. The interaction between BCL-RAMBO and GRP75 was confirmed by genetic interactions in Drosophila because a rough eye phenotype caused by the ectopic expression of BCL-RAMBO was partially suppressed by mutations in Hsc70-5, a mammalian GRP75 ortholog. In human embryonic kidney 293T cells, the co-expression of BCL-RAMBO and GRP75 facilitated an elevation in executioner caspase activity and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) cleavage. In contrast, the knockdown of GRP75 suppressed elevated executioner caspase activity and PARP-1 cleavage in BCL-RAMBO-transfected cells. The mitochondrial release of cytochrome c induced by BCL-RAMBO was also attenuated by the knockdown of GRP75. These results indicate that GRP75 interacts with BCL-RAMBO and plays a crucial role in the BCL-RAMBO-dependent apoptosis signaling pathway.
Dynamic QTL mapping revealed primarily the genetic structure of photosynthetic traits in castor (Ricinus communis L.)
Authors: Huang Guanrong , Yin Xuegui , Lu Jiannong , Zhang Liuqin , Lin Dantong , Xie Yu , Liu Haiyan , Liu Chaoyu , Zuo Jinying , Zhang Xiaoxiao
Published: August 2023

High photosynthetic efficiency is the basis of high biomass and high harvest index in castor (Ricinus communis L.). Understanding the genetic law of photosynthetic traits will facilitate the breeding for high photosynthetic efficiency. In this study, the dynamic QTL mapping was performed with the populations F2 and BC1 derived from 2 parents with significant difference in net photosynthetic rate (Pn) at 3 stages, in order to reveal the genetic structure of photosynthetic traits. In F2 population, 26 single-locus QTLs were identified, including 3/3/1 (the QTL number at stage I/II/III, the same below), 1/2/0, 1/2/2, 1/3/1, 0/1/1, and 1/1/2 QTLs conferring Pn, water use efficiency (Wue), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and chlorophyll content (Cc), with a phenotypic variation explained (PVE) of 8.40%/8.91%/6.17%, 5.36%/31.74%/0, 7.31%/12.80%/15.15%, 1.60%/6.44%/0.02%, 0/1.10%/0.70% and 2.77%/3.96%/6.50% respectively. And 53 epistatic QTLs (31 pairs) were identified, including 2/2/5, 5/6/3, 4/4/2, 6/3/2, 3/2/0 and 4/0/0 ones conferring the above 6 traits, with a PVE of 6.52%/6.47%/19.04%, 16.72%/15.67%/14.12%, 18.57%/15.58%/7.34%, 21.72%/8.52%/7.13%, 13.33%/4.94%/0 and 7.84%/0/0 respectively. The QTL mapping results in BC1 population were consistent with those in F2 population, except fewer QTLs detected. Most QTLs identified were minor-effect ones, only a few were main-effect ones (PVE > 10%), focused on 2 traits, Wue and Tr, such as qWue1.1, qWue1.2, FqTr1.1, FqTr6, BqWue1.1 and BqTr3; The epistatic effects, especially those related to the dominance effects were the main genetic component of photosynthetic traits, and all the epistatic QTLs had no single-locus effects except qPn1.2, FqGs1.2, FqCi1.2 and qCc3.2; The detected QTLs underlying each trait varied at different stages except stable QTLs qGs1.1, detected at 3 stages, qWue2, qTr1.2 and qCc3.2, detected at 2 stages; 6 co-located QTLs were identified, each of which conferring 2–5 different traits, demonstrated the gene pleiotropy between photosynthetic traits; 2 QTL clusters, located within the marker intervals RCM1842-RCM1335 and RCM523-RCM83, contained 15/5 (F2/BC1) and 4/4 (F2/BC1) QTLs conferring multiple traits, including co-located QTLs and main-effect QTLs. The above results provided new insights into the genetic structure of photosynthetic traits and important references for the high photosynthetic efficiency breeding in castor plant.
Performance and antioxidant traits of broiler chickens fed with diets containing rapeseed or flaxseed oil and optimized quercetin
Authors: Sierżant Kamil , Piksa Eliza , Konkol Damian , Lewandowska Kamila , Asghar Muhammad Umair
Published: August 2023

This study evaluated the effect of quercetin (Q) added to feed mixtures, at concentrations directly optimized for the peroxidability of dietary rapeseed (RO) and flaxseed oil (FLO), on performance and selected biomarkers of oxidative stress of broiler chickens. Ninety-six one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicken males were randomly assigned to four groups (six replicates per treatment, four birds per cage, n = 24 per group): Group RO received diets containing rapeseed oil (RO) and group FLO received diets containing flaxseed oil (FLO); Group RO_Q and group FLO_Q received these same diets containing RO or FLO oils, supplemented with optimized quercetin (Q). Blood, pectoral muscles, and liver samples of chickens were collected after 35 days to determine: (1) the global indicators of antioxidant capacity: ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), antiradical activity (DPPH·/ABTS·+), total antioxidant status (TAS), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px); (2) the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD); and (3) the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA). Data showed that the FLO diet did not affect the final performance parameters in relation to RO, but the optimized Q tended to improve the total body weight gain and the final body weight of broiler chickens (P = 0.10). The antioxidant traces analyzed in the blood (GSH-Px), plasma (FRAP, ABTS·+, DPPH·, TAS), serum (DPPH·), and pectoral muscles (SOD, CAT) of chickens were not altered by either Oil or Q factor. FLO supplementation increased MDA content in the liver of chickens (P < 0.05) and increased liver CAT activity, which was not improved by optimized Q. Meanwhile, the Oil × Q interaction suggests that optimized Q could reduce the liver burden and negative effects of oxidized lipid by-products associated with FLO diets. Our results indicate that optimizing the addition of natural polyphenols to feed may be a valuable alternative to the application of polyphenolic antioxidants in animal nutrition, allowing for an economical use of the antioxidant additives when customized to the peroxidability of fat sources, which is line to the conception of sustainable development covering ‘The European Green Deal’ and ‘Farm to Fork Strategy’.
Integrated computational screening and liquid biopsy approach to uncover the role of biomarkers for oral cancer lymph node metastasis
Authors: Shaikh Shayma , Yadav Deep Kumari , Bhadresha Kinjal , Rawal Rakesh M.
Published: August 2023

Cancer is an abnormal, heterogeneous growth of cells with the ability to invade surrounding tissue and even distant organs. Worldwide, GLOBOCAN had an estimated 18.1 million new cases and 9.6 million death rates of cancer in 2018. Among all cancers, Oral cancer (OC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, and the third most common in India, the most frequent type, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), tends to spread to lymph nodes in advanced stages. Throughout the past few decades, the molecular landscape of OSCC biology has remained unknown despite breakthroughs in our understanding of the genome-scale gene expression pattern of oral cancer particularly in lymph node metastasis. Moreover, due to tissue variability in single-cohort studies, investigations on OSCC gene-expression profiles are scarce or inconsistent. The work provides a comprehensive analysis of changed expression and lays a major focus on employing a liquid biopsy base method to find new therapeutic targets and early prediction biomarkers for lymph node metastasis. Therefore, the current study combined the profile information from GSE9844, GSE30784, GSE3524, and GSE2280 cohorts to screen for differentially expressed genes, and then using gene enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction network design, identified the possible candidate genes and pathways in lymph node metastatic patients. Additionally, the mRNA expression of discovered genes was assessed using real-time PCR, and the Human Protein Atlas database was utilized to determine the protein levels of hub genes in tumor and normal tissues. Angiogenesis was been investigated using the Chorioallentoic membrane (CAM) angiogenesis test. In a cohort of OSCC patients, fibronectin (FN1), C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8 (CXCL8), and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) were significantly upregulated, corroborating these findings. Our identified significant gene signature showed greater serum exosome effectiveness in early detection and clinically linked with intracellular communication in the establishment of the premetastatic niche. Also, the results of the CAM test reveal that primary OC derived exosomes may have a function in angiogenesis. As a result, our study finds three potential genes that may be used as a possible biomarker for lymph node metastasis early detection and sheds light on the underlying processes of exosomes that cause a premetastatic condition.
FGSI: distant supervision for relation extraction method based on fine-grained semantic information
Authors: Sun Chenghong , Ji Weidong , Zhou Guohui , Guo Hui , Yin Zengxiang , Yue Yuqi
Published: August 2023

Relation extraction is one of the important steps in building a knowledge graph. Its main objective is to extract semantic relationships from identified entity pairs in sentences, playing a crucial role in semantic understanding and knowledge graph construction. Remote supervised relation extraction aligns knowledge bases with natural language texts and generates labeled data, which alleviates the burden of manually annotating datasets. However, the labeled corpus obtained from remote supervision contains a large amount of noisy data, which greatly affects the training of relation extraction models. In this paper, we propose the hypothesis that key semantic information within the sentence plays a crucial role in entity relation extraction in the task of remote supervised relation extraction. Based on this hypothesis, we divide the sentence into three segments by splitting it according to the positions of entities, starting from within the sentence. Then, using intra-sentence attention mechanisms, we identify fine-grained semantic features within the sentence to reduce the interference of irrelevant noise information. We also improved the intra-bag attention mechanism by setting a threshold gate to filter out low-relevant noisy sentences, minimizing the impact of noise on the relation extraction model, and making full use of available positive semantic information. Experimental results show that the proposed relation extraction model in this paper achieves improvements in precision-recall curve, P@N value, and AUC value compared to existing methods, demonstrating the effectiveness of this model.
Remote psychophysical testing of smell in patients with persistent olfactory dysfunction after COVID-19
Authors: Martončíková Marcela , Doležal Pavel , Fabianová Kamila , Karhánek Miloslav , Gálik Ján , Raček Adam , Popovičová Alexandra , Račeková Enikő
Published: August 2023

Olfactory dysfunction associated with coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is in most cases transient, recovering spontaneously within a few days. However, in some patients it persists for a long time, affects their everyday life and endangers their health. Hence, we focused on patients with persistent loss of smell. The aim of this study was to evaluate olfactory dysfunction using a standardized test. Due to the pandemic, olfactory testing was performed online. Smell tests (Odorized Markers Test, OMT) were sent home to the patients. Together with the smell self-testing, participants reported and assessed several parameters (age, sex, subjective assessment of smell and taste, nasal patency, etc.) in an online questionnaire. Based on the questionnaire outcomes, the results were sent to the patients along with a list of participating otolaryngologists who provided them with professional care. From March to June 2021, 1025 patients requested smell testing, of these, 824 met the inclusion criteria of this study. The duration of the olfactory dysfunction at the time of testing ranged from 1 month to 1 year. Using the OMT, impaired smell ability—anosmia or hyposmia—was confirmed in 82.6% of participants. A total of 17.4% of participants were determined to be normosmic however, more than 50% of them complained of parosmia and/or phantosmia. Our study demonstrates the relevance of psychophysical smell testing and its suitability for remote use during the pandemic. This study also revealed several correlations between prolonged olfactory dysfunction and the monitored parameters.
Beyond performance: the role of task demand, effort, and individual differences in ab initio pilots
Authors: Darvishi-Bayazi Mohammad-Javad , Law Andrew , Romero Sergio Mejia , Jennings Sion , Rish Irina , Faubert Jocelyn
Published: August 2023

Aviation safety depends on the skill and expertise of pilots to meet the task demands of flying an aircraft in an effective and efficient manner. During flight training, students may respond differently to imposed task demands based on individual differences in capacity, physiological arousal, and effort. To ensure that pilots achieve a common desired level of expertise, training programs should account for individual differences to optimize pilot performance. This study investigates the relationship between task performance and physiological correlates of effort in ab initio pilots. Twenty-four participants conducted a flight simulator task with three difficulty levels and were asked to rate their perceived demand and effort using the NASA TLX. We recorded heart rate, EEG brain activity, and pupil size to assess changes in the participants’ mental and physiological states across different task demands. We found that, despite group-level correlations between performance error and physiological responses, individual differences in physiological responses to task demands reflected different levels of participant effort and task efficiency. These findings suggest that physiological monitoring of student pilots might provide beneficial insights to flight instructors to optimize pilot training at the individual level.
Fluid evolution and related fluid–rock interactions of the Oligocene Zhuhai sandstones in the Baiyun Sag, northern margin of the South China Sea
Authors: Tian Bing , Yuan Yihan , Tang Jun , Zuo Shanshan , Zheng Youwei , Liu Ming , Guo Cheng
Published: August 2023

Pore fluids control the diagenetic processes and storage spaces of deep clastic rock reservoirs and have become a major area of interest within the fields of sedimentology and petroleum geology. This paper aims to relate the diagenetic processes of the Oligocene Zhuhai sandstones in the Baiyun Sag to pore fluids varying with burial depth. The types and distribution patterns of authigenic minerals are investigated through analysis of petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical features to illustrate the origin and flow patterns of pore fluids and their influences on reservoir diagenesis. Strong cementation of eogenetic carbonate cement near the sandstone–mudstone interface was a consequence of material migration from adjacent mudstones on a large scale. The pore fluids were mainly affected by microbial methanogenesis and carbonate mineral dissolution in adjacent mudstones during eogenesis. The pore fluids were diffusively transported in a relatively open geochemical system within a local range. Support for this model is provided by the heavier stable isotopic values present in eogenetic calcite and dolomite. Feldspar dissolution during early mesogenesis was spatially accompanied by the precipitation of authigenic quartz and ferroan carbonate cement. Pore fluids in this period were rich in organic acids and CO2, and their migration mechanism was diffusive transport. The obviously lighter carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of the ferroan calcite support this inference. During late mesogenesis, the input of deep hydrothermal fluid might have been partly responsible for the precipitation of ankerite, barite and authigenic albite. Oil charging may have inhibited carbonate cementation and compaction, accordingly preserving porosity, and together with authigenic kaolinite, might have promoted the transition of the reservoir from water wet to oil wet to the benefit of oil entrapment. The findings reported here shed new light on the evaluation and prediction of sandstone reservoirs that have experienced multiple periods of fluid flow.
Fire carbon emissions over Equatorial Asia reduced by shortened dry seasons
Authors: Wang Sifan , He Bin , Chen Hans W. , Chen Deliang , Chen Yaning , Yuan Wenping , Shi Feng , Duan Jianping , Wu Wei , Chen Tiexi , Guo Lanlan , Zhong Ziqian , Duan Weili , Li Zhi , Jiang Weiguo , Huang Ling , Hao Xingming , Tang Rui , Liu Huiming , Zhang Yafeng , Xie Xiaoming
Published: August 2023

Fire carbon emissions over Equatorial Asia (EQAS) play a critical role in the global carbon cycle. Most regional fire emissions (89.0%) occur in the dry season, but how changes in the dry-season length affect the fire emissions remains poorly understood. Here we show that, the length of the EQAS dry season has decreased significantly during 1979–2021, and the delayed dry season onset (5.4 ± 1.6 (± one standard error) days decade−1) due to increased precipitation (36.4 ± 9.1 mm decade−1) in the early dry season is the main reason. The dry season length is strongly correlated with the length of the fire season. Increased precipitation during the early dry season led to a significant reduction (May: −0.7 ± 0.4 Tg C decade−1; August: −12.9 ± 6.7 Tg C decade−1) in fire carbon emissions during the early and peak fire season. Climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 project a continued decline in future dry season length in EQAS under medium and high-emission scenarios, implying further reductions in fire carbon emissions.
Cell cycle-linked vacuolar pH dynamics regulate amino acid homeostasis and cell growth
Authors: Okreglak Voytek , Ling Rachel , Ingaramo Maria , Thayer Nathaniel H. , Millett-Sikking Alfred , Gottschling Daniel E.
Published: August 2023

Amino acid homeostasis is critical for many cellular processes. It is well established that amino acids are compartmentalized using pH gradients generated between organelles and the cytoplasm; however, the dynamics of this partitioning has not been explored. Here we develop a highly sensitive pH reporter and find that the major amino acid storage compartment in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the lysosome-like vacuole, alkalinizes before cell division and re-acidifies as cells divide. The vacuolar pH dynamics require the uptake of extracellular amino acids and activity of TORC1, the v-ATPase and the cycling of the vacuolar specific lipid phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate, which is regulated by the cyclin-dependent kinase Pho85 (CDK5 in mammals). Vacuolar pH regulation enables amino acid sequestration and mobilization from the organelle, which is important for mitochondrial function, ribosome homeostasis and cell size control. Collectively, our data provide a new paradigm for the use of dynamic pH-dependent amino acid compartmentalization during cell growth/division.
Tumor-specific cholinergic CD4+ T lymphocytes guide immunosurveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zheng Chunxing , Snow Bryan E. , Elia Andrew J. , Nechanitzky Robert , Dominguez-Brauer Carmen , Liu Shaofeng , Tong Yin , Cox Maureen A. , Focaccia Enrico , Wakeham Andrew C. , Haight Jillian , Tobin Chantal , Hodgson Kelsey , Gill Kyle T. , Ma Wei , Berger Thorsten , Heikenwälder Mathias , Saunders Mary E. , Fortin Jerome , Leung Suet Yi , Mak Tak W.
Published: August 2023

Cholinergic nerves are involved in tumor progression and dissemination. In contrast to other visceral tissues, cholinergic innervation in the hepatic parenchyma is poorly detected. It remains unclear whether there is any form of cholinergic regulation of liver cancer. Here, we show that cholinergic T cells curtail the development of liver cancer by supporting antitumor immune responses. In a mouse multihit model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we observed activation of the adaptive immune response and induction of two populations of CD4+ T cells expressing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), including regulatory T cells and dysfunctional PD-1+ T cells. Tumor antigens drove the clonal expansion of these cholinergic T cells in HCC. Genetic ablation of Chat in T cells led to an increased prevalence of preneoplastic cells and exacerbated liver cancer due to compromised antitumor immunity. Mechanistically, the cholinergic activity intrinsic in T cells constrained Ca2+–NFAT signaling induced by T cell antigen receptor engagement. Without this cholinergic modulation, hyperactivated CD25+ T regulatory cells and dysregulated PD-1+ T cells impaired HCC immunosurveillance. Our results unveil a previously unappreciated role for cholinergic T cells in liver cancer immunobiology.
Advances in antimicrobial hydrogels for dental tissue engineering: regenerative strategies for endodontics and periodontics
Authors: Atila Deniz , Kumaravel Vignesh
Published: August 2023

Multifunctional hydrogels play a pivotal role against infections, inflammation, and oxidative stress, especially for endodontics and periodontics treatment.
A catalytic system based on π–π stacking interactions between a pyrene substituted gold NHC catalyst and amphiphilic polymers for alkyne hydration reactions
Authors: Öztürk Bengi Özgün , Acar Hilal , Balcı Ayşegül , Cihnioğlu Suzan , Aşkun Mina , Karabulut Şehitoğlu Solmaz
Published: August 2023

Pyrene-substituted amphiphilic polymers (P1) were used to stabilize the pyrene-substituted gold complex (Au-1) within the hydrophobic compartment of micellar structures in a methanol/water mixture through non-covalent π–π stacking interactions.
Resin-supported cyclic telluride as a heterogeneous promoter of disulfide formation under solid–liquid biphasic conditions
Authors: Nishizawa Yuya , Satoh Yuri , Kanie Osamu , Arai Kenta
Published: August 2023

A resin-supported cyclic telluride effectively promoted oxidation of thiols in polypeptides as well as small molecules in a solid–liquid biphasic reaction system, providing the corresponding pure disulfide states without a purification process.
Nickel single atom catalyst supported on the gallium nitride monolayer: first principles investigations on the decisive role of support in the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2
Authors: Khanam Romana , Hassan Afshana , Nazir Zeeshan , Dar Manzoor Ahmad
Published: August 2023

First principles investigations on the modulation of electronic structure of Ni based SAC by varrying the nature and type of support for CO2 reduction to C1 products.
An energy-optimization method to study gel-swelling in confinement
Authors: Joshi Chaitanya , Giso Mathew Q. , Louf Jean-François , Datta Sujit S. , Atherton Timothy J.
Published: August 2023

Using our open-source programming environment Morpho, an energy-optimization method is developed to compute equilibrium shapes of an arbitrarily confined swollen hydrogel. The internal strains and contact forces are measured, probing its mechanics.
Promising Strategies for Teaching Augmentative and Alternative Communication in Inclusive Educational Settings: A Systematic Review
Authors: O'Regan Kleinert Jane , Kearns Jaqueline F. , Page Judith L. , Kleinert Harold L.
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this article was to conduct a systematic review of the literature on teaching or increasing the use of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) by students with significant intellectual disabilities and complex communication needs (CCNs) within inclusive school settings.

Method:

A systematic review of research literature from 1998 to 2022 was completed using multiple electronic databases, as well as citation chaining and cited author reference searches. Three hundred two articles were located with 17 meeting criteria for inclusion in this systematic review. Articles were initially screened by one author for potential inclusion; the remaining 83 were coded by one author and reviewed for consensus by three authors for inclusion in this review. Articles were analyzed and rated regarding both level of research design and quality of methodology.

Results:

All studies reported positive outcomes, with students with significant intellectual disabilities and CCN, of AAC intervention implemented in an inclusive setting. Fourteen over 17 studies were single-case designs with an average rating of 76% on the Single-Case Experimental Design measure of methodological quality. Less than half of the studies assessed generalization of subject learning. Review of interventions used in the studies, however, revealed the majority of studies utilized packages of interventions, making it difficult to determine the effectiveness of individual approaches.

Conclusions:

This systematic review indicates there are promising interventions within inclusive settings for improved use of AAC by students with significant intellectual disabilities and CCN. Further research is needed, however, to obtain more data on generalization of student gains as well as to determine which specific interventions might be the most successful for this population of students in inclusive settings.
A low sidelobe 77 GHz centre‐fed microstrip patch array antenna
Authors: Chen Qian , Yan Songlin , Guo Xinyue , Wang Wei , Huang Zhixiang , Yang Lixia , Li Yingsong , Liang Xianling
Published: August 2023

A low sidelobe 77 GHz centre‐fed microstrip patch array antenna is proposed for automotive radar application. The proposed antenna comprises eight linear antenna arrays, each of which is centre‐fed by a coplanar waveguide with ground transmission line at the back of the microstrip patches. Each linear antenna array contains 10 patch antenna units, which are connected through a T‐type power divider network to achieve a −30 dB Taylor weighted distribution. The simulation results show that the designed phased array antenna has a good one‐dimensional phased scanning ability of ±45° with active voltage standing wave ratio less than 2 at 75–79 GHz, along with −20 dB low sidelobe symmetrical radiation patterns in the H plane. An antenna sample fed by a WR12 waveguide is fabricated and measured to verify its performance. The measured VSWR is less than 2 at 73.6–85 GHz. This design provides a new idea for millimetre wave automotive radar antenna design.
An Investigation of the BentleyR Gas-STATTM Monitoring System GSM-100
Authors: Gefke Kaj , Waaben Jens , Andersen Lars I. , Löwenmark Anette , Sørensen Hans R. , Husum Bent
Published: August 2023

(J. Extra-Corpor. Technol. 20(2):59-62) The BentleyR Gas-STAT™ monitoring system GSM-1 00 (GSM) is an optical fluoroscence microsensing system with a sensor placed in the extracorporeal circuit. It measures blood temperature and analyses oxygen tension, carbon dioxide tension, and pH at the actual blood temperature, and the results may be converted to values at 37°C.

In 6 pigs subjected to cardiopulmonary bypass at 28°C and 37°C, this system was compared to the Radiometer Acid-Base Laboratory-2 blood gas analyser (ABL-2). A total of 102 blood samples were drawn from the arterial and venous lines of the circuit next to the GSM sensors, and simultaneously the GSM readings were recorded. The samples were analyzed by the ABL-2 at 37°C, and the results were converted to the actual temperature by the apparatus.

Statistical evaluation was performed by a linear regression model of ABL-2 readings on GSM readings. From preliminary analyses of the results, it appeared that for each of the three parameters all the data might be pooled into one regression.

The results indicated that the agreement between ABL-2 readings and GSM readings with respect to pO2 and pCO2 were only fair though not clinically acceptable. The correlation between GSM readings and ABL-2 readings of pH were poor and the GSM readings without clinical relevance.
Comparison of Arterial Oxygen Tension with Continuous lranscutaneous and Intravascular PO2 Sensors and Intermittent Blood Samples Taken from the Sampling Port of a Bubble Oxygenator
Authors: Rithalia Shyam VS , Tinker Jack
Published: August 2023

Measurements of transcutaneous PO2 (tc PO2), intraarterial PO2(PiO2) and PO2 of blood samples taken from the sampling port of the oxygenator (PoO2) were compared with arterial blood PO2 (PaO2) in 16 adult patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. tcPO2 and PiO2 were recorded continuously using Roche-Kontron electrodes. PoO2 and PaO2 were measured intermittently on a Radiometer ABL2 blood gas analyser.

A total of 86 observations were made on the 16 patients. The correlation coefficient (r) between transcutaneous and arterial PO2 was 0.69 (p<0.001). The relationship between PoO2 and PaO2 was poor (r = 0.45, p<0.01). The intra-arterial electrode readings showed no significant difference with the PO2 measured on arterial blood samples (r=0.99, p<0.001).
Use of the Bio-Medicus“ Pump in Conjunction with the Argyle Gott™ TDMAC Shunt During Repair of an Atherosclerotic Aneurysm of the Descending Thoracic Aorta
Authors: Straker John W , Willett Richard P , Carlson David , Williams James
Published: August 2023

A Bio-Medicus™ pump with a model 600 cone and flow probe was used in combination with an Argyle Gott™ TDMAC shunt on a patient suffering from an atherosclerotic aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta. After a simple set-up and priming procedure with Normosol™ R (pH 7.4), the circuit was connected to the patient and partial bypass was initiated. Perfusion flows were maintained at approximately 1.2 liters/min/M2 • Activated clotting times were maintained at 150-250 seconds.

Upon completion of the surgical procedure, partial bypass was terminated with no difficulty to the patient. There was no evidence of fibrin formation in the circuit. Post-bypass and post-operative courses were uneventful. Because of the ease of set-up and increased flexibility of controlling flow rates through the shunt, we recommend consideration of this technique for repairs of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms.
Inertia matching of CNC cycloidal gear form grinding machine servo system
Authors: Li Jubo , Su Jianxin , Gao Ming , Zhao Donghui , Zhang Leilei , Wang Dinghe , Shi Fusheng
Published: August 2023

Reasonable ratio between the load inertia and servo motor inertia plays a decisive role for the dynamic performance and stability of the servo system, as well as the machining accuracy of the whole CNC machine. In order to improve the control performance and contour machining accuracy of the servo system of the CNC cycloidal gear form grinding machine, an optimization design method of the inertia matching for the CNC cycloidal gear form grinding machine servo system is proposed. The two-mass servo driving closed-loop PID control system is constructed, the influence of the different inertia ratios on the dynamic performance and contour errors of the servo system are deeply analyzed, and the inertia ratio is optimized to satisfied with the servo system performance requirements. Finally, the feasibility and practicability of the optimization design method of inertia matching are verified through the inertia ratio optimization grinding experiments of the cycloid gear in the CNC gear form grinding machine. This inertia matching optimization design method provides a valuable reference for the further design of CNC machine servo system.
Improved fuzzy neural network control for the clamping force of Camellia fruit picking manipulator
Authors: Fan Ziyan , Li Lijun , Liao Kai , Gao Zicheng , Li Yuhang , Xie Hao
Published: August 2023

During the operation of the vibrating mechanism, the push-shaking camellia fruit picking manipulator needs to ensure a constant force output of the clamping hydraulic motor in order to make sure that the camellia fruit tree trunk wouldn't loosen or damage, which may affect its later growth, during the picking process. In this regard, this paper derived the state space model of the valve-controlled clamping hydraulic motor system of the push-shaking camellia fruit picking manipulator, and the fuzzy wavelet neural network (FWNN) was designed on the basis of the traditional incremental PID control principle and the parameters of the neural network were optimized by the improved grey wolf optimizer (GWO). And then, the control system was simulated with the MATLAB/Simulink software without and with external interference, and compared and analyzed it with traditional PID controller and fuzzy PID (FPID) controller. The results show that the traditional PID controller and the FPID control have slow response and poor robustness, while the improved fuzzy wavelet neural network PID (IFWNN PID) controller possesses the characteristics of fast response and strong robustness, which can well meet the requirement of the constant clamping force of hydraulic motors. Finally, the field clamping test was carried out on the picking manipulator. The results show that the manipulator controlled by the IFWNN PID controller shortens the clamping time by 20.0% and reduces the clamping damage by 13.6% compared with the PID controller, which is verified that the designed controller can meet the clamping operation requirements of the camellia fruit picking machine.