bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
E-POSTA PAZARLAMASI ALANINDA 1950-2019 YILLARI ARASINDA YAPILAN ÇALIŞMALARA YÖNELİK BİR ŞEMATİK YAZIN TARAMASI
Authors: ÇETİN Canberk , TİLTAY Muhammet Ali
Published: December 2021

E-posta pazarlaması internetin gelişimi ile ortaya çıkan elektronik bir pazarlama aracı olarak literatürde yer almaktadır. Şematik yazın taraması (mapping review) olarak gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmanın amacı, pazarlama aracı olarak ele alınan e-posta pazarlaması alanına dair bir öngörü sağlanmasıdır. Çalışmada 1950-2019 yılları arasında uluslararası akademik dergilerde yer alan pazarlama odaklı 57 e-posta pazarlaması çalışması incelenmiştir. Çalışmaların seçiminde anahtar kelime kullanılarak filtreleme gerçekleştirilmiş, doğrudan ilgili alana ve pazarlamaya yönelik olmayan çalışmalar kapsam dışında bırakılmıştır. İncelenen çalışmalar ile e-posta pazarlamasının teorik arka planınına, odaklandığı alanlara, ele alındığı sektörlere ve çalışmaların yönelimlerine dair sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. İncelenen çalışmaların 42’si ampirik, 15’i ise kavramsaldır. En çok çalışılan alanın tüketici davranışları olduğuna, en fazla sayıda yayının “Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice” dergisinde yer aldığına ve 2016 yılının 11 çalışma ile ilgili literatürde en çok yayının yapıldığı yıl olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar ile farklı bir alana yönelmek isteyen akademisyenlere niş bir alan önerisi sunularak, e-posta pazarlaması literatüründe ele alınmamış olan alanlar gösterilmektedir.
FRANSIZ GAZETELERİNE GÖRE OSMANLI’DA BİR FRANSIZ KREDİ KURULUŞU: CRÉDİT GÉNÉRALE OTTOMANE (İTİBAR-I UMUMİ BANKASI)
Authors: ÇAPAR Onur
Published: December 2021

19. Yüzyıl’da Osmanlı Devleti uzun yıllar dışa açılmadan korumuş olduğu kapalı ekonomik sistemini terk ederek, Avrupa ile ekonomik entegrasyon sürecine girmişti. Baltalimanı ticaret anlaşması ve onu takip eden ticari anlaşmalar sanayileşmesini tamamlamış Avrupa devletlerine daha önceden kapitülasyonlarla verilen hakları genişletmiş ve Osmanlı pazarına egemen olmalarını kolaylaştırmıştı. Ayrıca bu ekonomik entegrasyon sürecinde Kırım savaşı ile beraber borç ilişkileri de başladı. Nitekim Kırım Savaşı ile beraber başlayan borç ilişkileri kısa zamanda Avrupalı sermayedarların yerel bankerlerle iş birliğine sahne olmuş, bu süreçte hızlı bir borçlanma serüveni yaşayan Osmanlı Devleti kısa zamanda borçlarını ödeyemez duruma gelmişti. Bu dönemde Avrupa devletleri örnek alınarak merkez bankası kurma girişimleri her ne kadar para piyasasını düzenleme amacını taşısa da aslında var olan borçlanma ilişkilerinde aracı rolü üstlenmeye ve yabancı sermayenin koruyuculuğunu üstlenen bir mekanizmanın kurulmasına neden oldu. Çalışmamızın ana temasını oluşturan İtibar-ı Umumi Bankası (Crédit Général Ottoman) Osmanlı Bankası kurucuları arasında olmayan farklı bir sermaye grubunun bazı Galata bankerleri ile beraber kurmuş oldukları aracı bir kredi kurumudur. Özellikle Rotschild grubuna ait olan bu kredi kurumu birçok borçlanma konusunda aracılık görevi üstlenmiş daha sonra kendi bünyesindeki bankerlerin rakip kredi kurumuna geçmesi ile kendisini fesh etmiştir. Bu çalışmadaki amaç Fransız kaynaklarından şirketin Osmanlı Devleti içinde borç ilişkilerindeki rolünü incelemek ayrıca yıllık faaliyet raporları çerçevesinde kurulan kredi kurumunun işleyişi hakkında bilgi sahibi olmaktır.
DİJİTAL DÜNYADA SOSYAL MEDYA, BENLİK SUNUMU, GÖZETİM-DENETİM VE RİSKLER ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLER
Authors: KILINÇ Uğur
Published: December 2021

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı dijital dünyada yer alan sosyal medya olgusu, sosyal ağ profillerindeki benlik sunumu, bu mecralardaki gözetim-denetim pratikleri ve dijital dünyanın getirdiği riskleri birbirleriyle olan ilişkileri bağlamında tartışmaktır. Çalışma literatür eksenli ikincil kaynaklar üzerinden yürütülmüştür. Makale kapsamında insanların gündelik hayat pratiklerinin bir parçası olan benlik sunumunun sosyal medyada da var olduğu ve çevrimdışı dünyadaki benlik sunumunun çevrimiçi dünyadaki benlik sunumumuza da yansıdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bununla birlikte insanların sosyal medya aracılığıyla elde edecekleri ödüllerin ve bu dijital mecralardaki çevrelerinden görecekleri ilginin doğrudan sosyal medyadaki benlik sunumunu etkilediği de görülmüştür. Ayrıca mahremiyet algısının değiştiği sosyal ağlarda gözetim ile denetimin yoğunlaştığı ve insanların gönüllü bir şekilde bu gözetime katıldıkları ifade edilmiştir. Makalede son olarak sosyal medyanın ve dijital dünyanın beraberinde yeni riskler getirdiği ve bu risklerden kimsenin muaf olmadığı vurgulanmıştır.
Source apportionment of ambient fine and coarse aerosols in Embalenhle and Kinross, South Africa
Authors: Walton Nicola M. , Piketh Stuart J. , Van Zyl Pieter , Maenhaut Willy , Burger Roelof , Language Brigitte , Formenti Paola
Published: December 2021

The South African Highveld is recognised as a region having significant negative ambient air quality impacts with its declaration as an Air Quality Priority Area in 2007. Such areas require the implementation of specific air quality intervention strategies to address the air quality situation. A greater understanding of the composition of the atmospheric aerosol loading and the contributing air pollution sources will assist with the formulation and implementation of these strategies. This study aims to assess the composition and sources of the aerosol loading in Embalenhle and Kinross located on the Highveld. Fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM2.5-10) aerosol samples were collected during summer and winter, which were quantified using the gravimetric method. Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF) and Ion Chromatography (IC) analysis were used to determine the chemical composition of aerosols. Mean PM2.5 concentrations in Embalenhle and Kinross ranged from 16.3 to 34.1 µg/m3 during winter and 7.4 to 19.0 µg/m3 during summer. Mean PM10-2.5 concentrations ranged from 10.3 to 114 µg/m3 during winter and 5.9 to 11.2 µg/m3 during summer. Si, Al, S, Na (winter only), Ca (summer only), SO42- and NH4+ were the most abundant species in PM2.5 during both seasons. In PM10-2.5, Si, Al, Na (winter only), SO42- and F- were the most abundant species during both seasons. The elements S and Ca also had high abundances at Embalenhle and Kinross, respectively, during summer. Source apportionment was undertaken using Positive Matrix Factorisation, which identified five sources. Dust, secondary aerosols, domestic combustion, wood and biomass burning, and industry were determined to be the contributing sources. Any measures to mitigate particulate air pollution on the Highveld should consider these key sources.
Dynamics of a Conductor with Unclosed Alternative Electric Current
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Gerasimov Sergey
Published: December 2021

The ponderomotive interaction of displacement currents and conduction currents in an open conductor through which an alternating electric current flows is considered. The calculation is performed for a flat conductor of arbitrary shape. It has been shown that the displacement current does not create a nonzero force that would act on an open conductor. The so-called force of self-action, with which the conductor acts on itself, is compensated by the force of Abraham, transmitted to the electromagnetic field. The absolutely exact fulfillment of the law of conservation of momentum, which includes the latent momentum of the field, has been demonstrated. The density of Abraham's force is determined by the vector product of the derivative of the electric field in-duction by the magnetic field induction. As an example, a numerical calculation of the self-force and the Abraham force for a thin ring conductor is carried out. The ratio of Abraham's force to the square of the conduction current depends only on the relative dimensions of the conductor. The maximum Abraham's force is observed for a conductor representing half of a flat ring.
Apparent and True Charges in the Partial Discharge Model at Different Defective Domain Sizes
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Ignatev Nikolay , Tetiora Sergey ,   Far Eastern Federal University, Turkin Dmitry ,   Far Eastern Federal University
Published: December 2021

A model of the partial discharges in a sample of solid insulation with air cavity is presented. The material of the insulation is cross-linked polyethylene. The model is based on an active-capacitive equivalent circuit, in which the resistance of the air cavity at the instant of a partial discharge ignition is shunted by the active resistance of the spark. The model takes into consideration the delay of the discharge development. The evaluation of the diagnostic value of the apparent and true charges is carried out. The results of the apparent and true charges relationship with the dimensions and proportions of the air cavity are presented. It is shown that the same magnitude of both true and apparent charges can correspond to the different volumes and shapes of the air cavities in the insulation.
PARTİ SİYASETİNDEN İTTİFAK SİYASETİNE
Authors: DURGUN Şenol
Published: December 2021

Cumhurbaşkanlığı hükümet sistemiyle, Türkiye’de siyasetin çehresinde önemli değişiklikler yaşanmaya başlanmıştır. Bunlardan biri, belki de en önemlisi, 1946 yılından itibaren çok partili siyasal yaşama geçişle başlayan parti temelli siyaset anlayışında yaşanılan değişikliklerdir. Daha önce siyasal hayatın şekillenmesinde çoğunlukla tek belirleyici olarak ortaya çıkan parti temelli siyaset gerek iktidar gerekse muhalefet açısından olsun partiler arası iş birliğine daha çok ihtiyaç duyacak şekilde ittifak siyasetine yönelmiş ve siyasal hayatta bu ilişkiler üzerinden şekillenmeye başlamıştır. Yeni hükümet sistemi ile iktidara gelebilme biçimi; çoğunlukla salt parti temelli bir siyaset anlayışı üzerinden değil de partiler arası iş birliğini teşvik eden ittifak siyaseti üzerinden öne çıkmaya başlamıştır. Bu durum, çok partili yaşama geçişten itibaren oluşan Türkiye’deki siyaset yapma tarzında önemli değişiklikler demektir. Zira daha önce hiçbir zaman bir araya gelemeyeceğini düşündüğümüz; kültür, inanç ve ideolojik vs. anlayışları yönünden oldukça farklı olan partilerin, ittifak siyaseti temelinde iktidara gelebilmek için arayışlar içine girdiği gözlenmektedir. Bu çalışma Türk siyasetinde ortaya çıkan bu değişimleri, olgular üzerinden hareketle ele almakta ve son yıllarda ortaya çıkan yeni siyaset yapma biçimini, geçmiş dönemlerle ilintilendirerek analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Intermediary Liability
Authors: Nurullaev Ruslan
Published: December 2021

Book review: Giancarlo Frosio (Ed.). Oxford Handbook of Online Intermediary Liability. Oxford: OUP, 2020, 800 p.
Sharing Radio Spectrum for Research and Innovation
Authors: Dumortier Jos , Bogdanovskaya Irina , Vandezande Niels , Yakushev Mikail
Published: December 2021

In most countries academic researchers have access to advanced academic telecommunications networks and infrastructures to test and demonstrate the results of their research work. These networks are usually funded by national or regional public authorities. To provide access to the academic networks on a wider scale, European and international collaboration initiatives have been taken. For the fixed network environment this may suffice but the situation is different in the wireless context, partly because here, researchers must, in one way or another, obtain spectrum usage rights. Today spectrum usage rights can be quite easily obtained in the restricted territorial space of a testbed. Yet, small-scale testbeds are not sufficient anymore for realistic validation, and the scientific community today needs large-scale field deployments working with the same radio spectrum as the commercial networks and capable of supporting new technologies and services. The evolution from lab testbeds to field deployments is required to increase the validation capabilities for complex systems like connected cars, massive Internet of Things (IoT) or eHealth solutions. Appropriate frequency bands, needed by researchers to carry out, for example, large-scale 5G experiments, are generally allocated via auctions and on an exclusive basis to large mobile network operators. While it is perfectly feasible for these MNOs to keep dedicated slices for tests and demonstrations in their networks separate from their day-to-day operations without negative effects for the latter, there are few regulatory mechanisms for stimulating MNOs to make parts of their spectrum usage rights available for the academic research community. All EU Member States allow short-term licenses for the use of radio spectrum for research, testing, and experimental purposes, but procedures, requirements, and costs for obtaining such license vary significantly. These national differences do not allow for the creation of a persistent and pan-European network of wireless capacity for research, testing, and experimental purposes. On the secondary market, leasing or transferring radio spectrum usage rights is possible, and procedures seem more harmonized.
Evaluation and participatory variety selection of improved highland sorghum varieties for smallholder farm at west hararghe zone
Authors: Temesgen Begna , Hailu Gichile
Published: December 2021

Participatory variety selection is the most important breeding program which enhanced the adoption of improved varieties through creating awareness based on smallholder farmers’ selection criteria. Several different improved sorghum varieties are released at different international and national research institutions at different times, however, the technologies were not properly addressed the farmers based on participatory, client oriented and demand driven. The experiment was carried out in West Hararghe Zone; Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia with the objective to identify and recommend the best adapted and performed improved sorghum varieties with farmers’ preference traits through continuous performance evaluation at different stages of the sorghum. A total of six sorghum varieties were evaluated in randomized complete block design in the 2019 main cropping season. Farmers have evaluated the entire experimental units using different statistical tools like direct-matrix and pair-wise ranking algorithms at maturity stage. Farmers set selection criteria to identify the superior improved varieties as compared to the local check by listing different agronomic traits like yield, biomass, seed color, seed size and biotic and abiotic resistance. The analysis of variance showed that there was highly significant difference (p<0.01) among the genotypes for all studied traits. The greatest grain yield was recorded from the variety Dibaba (11325 Kgha-1) and Jiru (10200 Kgha-1) respectively. Likewise, based on the overall farmer’s preference, Dibaba and Jiru were ranked first and second and followed by Adelle, ETS2752 and Chiro respectively. Additionally, the study revealed that participatory varietal selection is playing decisive role in gathering farmers’ perceptions, preferences, merits and shortcomings of sorghum varieties for future improvement. Hence, based on the result of the study, variety Dibaba and Jiru were recommended for multiplication and distribution to farmers through both formal and informal seed systems. Generally, the integration of plant breeders and farmers’ perceptions are used to increase the adoption rate and design a good breeding program for future improvement.
PROTECTION OF ALUMINUM 6061 USED IN WATER VEHICLES FROM FLOUR FROM SALT CORROSION BY COATING
Authors: YALÇINKAYA Senai , KOÇYİĞİT Kenan
Published: December 2021

Aim: Every country in the world develops defense strategies in order to protect their borders and to be cautious against attacks from outside, according to their geographical locations. They use underwater and surface vehicles to meet the defense needs of countries that have coasts on seas or oceans. These vehicles need to be light in order to have low fuel consumption and high mobility. Method: Aluminum and aluminum alloy materials are generally used in these vehicles in order to meet these requirements and also to have high strength. In these vehicles, which are in motion in water, corrosion and abrasions occur on the surfaces due to high pressure and friction. Coating methods are applied to minimize these corrosions and abrasions. The selection of aluminum to be applied to these coating methods and the heat treatments to be applied to aluminum materials before coating will be evaluated. In this study, by giving examples of coating types, studies will be carried out on how much the formation of corrosion on aluminum surfaces reduces or prevents. Salt fog test will be applied in order to determine the decrease in the amount of corrosion formation. Salt fog testing will be performed in accordance with the MIL-STD-810G standard. Samples will be prepared for the studies to be carried out on the aluminum 6061 alloys. These samples will be aged by T6 heat treatment. After the aging process, for anodized coating types such as type 1 class 3, type 2 class 1 type 2 class 2 type 3 class 1 type 3 class 2 from anodic anodized coating types, each sample will be in the salt cabinet for 50 hours each turn to see the difference clearly. will be subjected to the fog test. After every 50 hours, the sample will be left to dry for 50 hours. After 50 hours of drying time, these samples, which were subjected to salt fog test, will be compared with each other before the test under normal conditions and after drying after the test.Results: In this study, it has been tried to determine how the aluminum 6061 alloy, which is one of the most preferred materials for underwater and above-water vehicles, behaves against corrosion after T6 heat treatment and the coating types that should be applied in order to maximize its resistance against this corrosion. Conclusion: When the images taken from the optical microscope were compared, it was observed that the type 3 class 1 type was more durable than the other coating types.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MULTI-STOREY STEEL STRUCTURES WITH IRRIGATION TO TORQUE ACCORDING TO 2018 EARTHQUAKE REGULATIONS
Authors: NOWBAHARI Fahım Ahmad , AĞCAKOCA Elif
Published: December 2021

When observing the consequences of earthquakes, it is accepted that earthquakes are one of the most dangerous natural disasters in the world. Therefore, special engineering methods are used to explore and analyze the effects of earthquakes on structures and to design earthquake resistant structures accordingly. In applying these methods, it is important to investigate the irregularities in the carrier system correctly. There are six irregularities in the Turkish Building Earthquake Code (TBDY-2018), one of the most important of which is A1 Torsional Irregularity [TBDY 2018]. In this article, considering TBDY 2018, the dynamic behaviour of structures with different ratios of torsional irregularity in multi-storey steel structures is examined. In a 10-storey steel structure with the same purpose and size, four type models were produced using the central inverted V cross member and changing the cross positions. The Equivalent Seismic Load Method is used in the analysis. Structural analyzes were performed with the "ETABS" finite element program. As a result of these studies; The displacements obtained from the structural analysis of 4 models with different torsional irregularity coefficients due to the cross member placement in various places in 4 buildings with the same dimensions were calculated by the Equivalent Seismic Load method.
NEW APPROACH TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION: PLANT PROBIOTICS
Authors: ÖĞÜTCÜ Hatice
Published: December 2021

With the increase in the world population every year, the need for plant and animal foods has increased. In order to meet these needs, the amount of fertilizers (with chemical content) used to increase productivity in agriculture has increased and has become a threat to the soil and the environment. In order to minimize the harms of chemical fertilizers and to preserve the fertility of the soil, new environmentally friendly applications have been researched. In this context, studies on "Plant Probiotics", which are one of the effective applications both in protecting the quality of the soil and increasing the yield in plant production, especially on local isolates and formulations to be prepared from them, have gained momentum. Plant probiotics are a group of microorganisms or microorganisms that can improve soil health, plant growth, and plant tolerance or immunity to various abiotic and biotic stresses, thanks to their potential role in enhanced nutrient acquisition and/or biocontrol activities by colonizing the root zone of plants, called the rhizosphere. As a result of inoculation of plants with strains of these bacteria, which have very different properties (nitrogen binding, phosphate solubilizing, biocontrol agent, stress resistance, phytohormone synthesis), it directly affects the growth and development of the roots and shoots of the plant, increasing the biomass, as well as contributing to the increase of the yield and quality of the product. In this context, the preparation and use of biofertilizer formulations of local plant probiotic bacteria, which will be obtained from their natural areas, has become very important in rational agricultural practices in recent years and intensive researches are carried out. With the use of the aforementioned plant probiotic formulations, environmentally friendly green production will be made by contributing to the production of both foodstuffs and feed raw materials in order to ensure the continuity of the world population. As a result, the protection of the ecosystem will be ensured by preventing environmental pollution, which is the problem of the whole world.
ANALYSIS OF GRADUATE THESIS WRITTEN IN TURKEY ON CHILD AND TEMPERAMENT
Authors: ALAGÖZ Nurcan , SAĞLAM Mehmet
Published: December 2021

Aim: Although the studies on temperament date back to ancient times, the interest in the subject of temperament has been increasing day by day. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the current situation by analyzing the postgraduate theses on child and temperament in Turkey in terms of content. Method: For this purpose, using the keywords "child" and "temperament", 102 graduate studies registered to YÖK thesis center between 1989-2021 were reached. 70 postgraduate theses that met the inclusion criteria were included in this study, and 32 postgraduate theses that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded from the study. Theses are themed descriptive scanning model. Findings: When the findings obtained from the study are examined, the highest values reached are as follows: 71.43% of the studies are master studies. The highest number of studies were conducted between 2016-2021 with 65.71% and 64.29% were written in Turkish. Thesis studies were carried out under the umbrella of the psychology department with the highest rate of 44.29%. The most studied was with kindergarten children with 68.57% and the quantitative method was used with 85.71%. Simple/random sampling technique was used with a maximum of 52.86%. In terms of relationality or the subject studied, parenting styles/attitudes/characteristics were studied with the highest rate of 21.26%. Considering the study recommendations on temperament, it was recommended to work with a larger sample group with a maximum of 14.46%. Conclusion:It is thought that the findings will shed light on future studies on children and temperament.
Temporal and Spatial Change of Carbon Storage in Alara Forest Planning Unit
Authors: SEKİ Mehmet , ATAR Davut
Published: December 2021

Aim of study: Land use and carbon stock changes of Alara Forest Planning Unit (FPU) between the years of 1997 and 2017 were investigated.

Area of study: Alara Forest Planning Unit (FPU) of Alanya Forest Enterprise (FE) within the boundaries of Antalya province, southwest Turkey.

Material and methods: Data obtained from the forest management plans for the periods of 1997-2006, 2008-2017 and 2018-2037 were used in the study. Biomass conversion and expansion factors (BCEF), root to shoot ratios (R) and carbon factors (CF) were used for carbon stock estimation.

Main results: Total forest area of the Alara FPU decreased from 7497 ha to 7344 ha, while total carbon stock of the forest lands increased by 12.7%, from 1997 to 2017.

Highlights: Despite the reduction of total forest area from 1997 to 2017, carbon stocks of all biomass pools in forest ecosystem raised with the increase of productive forest lands and growing stock.
Production of Sugar Beet Pulp/LDPE Composites Using Compression Molding Method and Investigation of Some Properties
Authors: BİRBİLEN Yıldız , KARAKUŞ Kadir , MENGELOĞLU Fatih
Published: December 2021

Aim of study: In this study, the effect of lignocellulosic filler and coupling agent amount on the physical and mechanical properties of produced sugar beet pulp/LDPE composites were researched.

Material and methods: Wood-plastic composites were produced using compression molding method. The effect of lignocellulosic filler and coupling agent (maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene) amount on the physical (density and water uptake analyses) and mechanical (tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and impact strength) properties of composites were investigated.

Main results: According to the obtained results, the rise in the amount of SBP were increased the density, tensile modulus, flexural strength, and flexural modulus while decreasing tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength of the resulting composites. Generally, the increase of coupling agent (MAPE) amount improved the composites properties except for impact strength and elongation at break.

Highlights: Sugar beet pulp (SBP) can be successfully used as an alternative lignocellulosic filler in the wood plastic composite production.
[RETRACTED] Label X Muscle | BEST Supplements To Build Muscle Faster (And How Much They Help) v1
Authors: X Muscle Label
Published: December 2021

[RETRACTED]

Label X Muscle | BEST Supplements To Build Muscle Faster (And How Much They Help)
Структурные и функциональные нарушения в микроциркуляторном русле при эндокринной патологии: методические рекомендации по внедрению результатов научно-поисковой работы
Authors: Косякова Н.И. , Прохоренко И.Р. , Радзюкевич Я.В. , Морозова А.А. , Панкратова Е.В. , Шибаев Н.В. , Югай И.Б. , Гусева И.Е. , Сандалова Т.В. , Тихонова И.В.
Published: December 2021

В методических рекомендациях проведено исследование периферической микрогемодинамики в коже верхних и нижних конечностей у условно здоровых испытуемых и больных с эндокринной патологией (сахарный диабет второго типа – СД 2) в условиях покоя и в ответ на ортостатическую пробу, с целью выявления вкладов центральных и локальных механизмов в регуляцию периферического кровотока. Показано, что метод ЛДФ позволил исследовать как усредненный показатель микроциркуляции, так и его колебания в широком диапазоне частот. Выявленные изменения показателей МЦР позволили индивидуализировать прогноз риска прогрессирования осложнений СД 2 и при сочетании его с АГ. Наиболее значимые нарушения в МЦР коррелировали с повышением уровня провоспалительных цитокинов, особенно с уровнем IL-6 как у больных с СД 2, так и у больных с СД 2 и АГ. Установлено, что уровень гликированного гемоглобина коррелировал с повышенным уровнем IL-6, что может служить предиктором более тяжелого течения осложнений СД 2 и АГ. Полученные данные исследования могут быть использованы в работе врачей эндокринологов, терапевтов, хирургов, как в амбулаторных условиях, так и в условиях стационаров.
Cultural Identity as the Basis of Modern Cultural Typologies
Authors:   Moscow City University, Khilkhanov Dorzhi L. , Khilkhanova Erzhen V. ,   Institute of Linguistics of the RAS
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this article is to show the significance of markers of cultural identity for modern ethnometric typologies. In the modern period of modernization various cultural typologies are becoming popular. They are compiled based on multicomponent factors. The authors briefly describe these classifications as traditional markers of identity, such as religion, and new factors of psychology and mentality. The modern concept that explains the hybridization of modern cultural forms is transculturation. The transcultural manifestations include a certain decline of the role of the native language and the transformation of the traditional production niche of ethnic groups in Siberia. The traditional perception of identity consists mainly of cultural, religious and linguistic characteristics. At the same time, the typologу of L. Harrison shows the positive correlation between the cultural and industrial-economic components. This historical fact was noted by the famous anthropologist Frederik Barth, who focused on the production component of the ethnic border as opposed to the cultural one. The existing significant differences in the professional structure among Russians and Buryats in the twentieth century prove the fact that ethnic borders, despite the globalization / modernization processes, can still be associated with a certain production niche. The authors come to the conclusion that cultural markers still retain their significance, but can be implemented in hybrid forms of transculturation. These processes are reflected in these cultural typologies in the forms of multicomponent factors
Conflict-Generating Factors of Doctor-Patient Communication in Russian-Language Discursive Practices
Authors:   Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Issers Oxana S.
Published: December 2021

The article studies the causes of conflict situations between a doctor and a patient in the communication, associated with the problems of using the language code and the compliance of communicative and ethical norms. The research focuses on conflict-generating factors caused by the violation of the patient’s right to information about the state of health, which include, in particular, the volume and details of such information, as well as the forms it was provided. Methods of verbalizing the information about the patient’s health are discussed, taking into account the requirements of accessibility and sensitivity. The author examines problematic situations caused by the «non-linguistic» nature of legal regulation in the field of doctor-patient communication. The aim of the study is to identify conflict-generating factors of communication in the medical field, which lead to a violation of not only ethical, but also legal norms of communication between doctors and patients. The empirical base was formed by questioning the patients. The study also used blogosphere, social media materials, and personal interviews with patients. The analysis of sociolinguistic data made it possible to identify 4 conflict-generating factors: 1) the availability of information; 2) volume (details) of information, 3) delicacy / indelicacy; 4) the quality of the doctor’s feedback for the patient. As a result of the study, conclusions were drawn that allow to linguistically interpret the communicative failure that arose in the process of communicating with the doctor. This gives reason to develop criteria for communicative violations that are potentially conflict ones and have legal effect
Uniform Application of Laws in the Context of Post-Classical Law
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice, Alekseev Igor M.
Published: December 2021

The article reveals the impotence of classical legal theories to explain the inconsistency of the practice of applying laws. The legal dogma is subjected to the phenomenological analysis. Moreover, its inability to overcome the conventions of pure jurism is shown. From the position of postclassical jurisprudence, the theory of natural law is criticized. The necessity of refusing to contrast natural and positive law is substantiated. The communicative concept of law, its cognitive value and role in ensuring a uniform application of laws are considered. The criticism of integrative legal theories is evaluated from the perspective of the functionality of law in the form of resolving social conflicts. The approach that reduces legal theory to a method of resolving conflicts is called into question. The negative influence of the dichotomy of positive and natural law is argued, both on the uniform application of laws and on the rule of law in general. From the point of view of the functionality of law, the correlation of its material and procedural branches is revealed. As a result, a hypothesis is formulated that the main direction of the development of legal science is the creation of integrative law that can combine various legal concepts, which will allow us to build a rigid legal dogma based on unified methodological foundations and remove contradictions between legal theories in resolving social conflicts
Punitive Damages Awards in International Arbitration: Franchising Case
Authors:   Law Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Dung Tran Thi Thuy
Published: December 2021

This article is written to evaluate the practical significance of punitive damages in the field of arbitration concerning international commercial disputes and franchise disputes. It finds that punitive damages awards are frequent in domestic arbitrations in the United States but not internationally common. This article discusses the severity of the punitive damages awards to explain why such decisions are not frequent in international trade disputes; it still has a significant influence that concerns the contracting parties, making them exclude punitive damages in their agreements. This article also explains the reasons for limiting the use of these punitive damages. The first one is the limitation of punitive damages applied to arbitration. Indeed, punitive damages are only recognised under a handful of domestic arbitration laws in a number of countries, especially the ones associated with contract claims. Secondly, the enforceability of such awards is internationally limited due to public policy. Therefore, this difficulty caused the arbitral tribunal to refuse to award such damages. Finally, the statistics on punitive damages award in international commercial arbitration are scarce, so the article refers to provide and analyse the cases that are not international-thereby discussing and evaluating the suitability of punitive damages in the context of international commercial arbitration
Tax Compliance and its Enforcement Instruments: Russian Approach
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Demin Alexander V. , Efremova Ekaterina S.
Published: December 2021

The absence of a tax compliance theory in the Russian doctrine predetermined the objectives of the study – the search for promising tools to achieve the willingness of taxpayers to comply with the tax legislation voluntarily, as well as determining the place of coercive measures against taxpayers in order to ensure tax compliance in the Russian Federation. The work is based on the complex application of a number of general and special research methods (structural and functional analysis, comparative legal, formal-logical, system-structural methods). The information base of the research is represented by domestic legal acts and judicial practice, official data of the Federal Tax Service of Russia, scientific works of both Russian and foreign authors. The study’s main outcome is to validate the conclusion that tax administration (in order to ensure tax compliance) must combine not only the tools of coercive influence (tax audits, horizontal tax monitoring, anti-tax avoidance measures aimed at tackling aggressive tax planning) but also stimulating tools: interaction between tax payers and tax authorities in the form of information exchange, sending recommendations and proposals to the taxpayer on independent clarification of the tax base and tax obligations
Legal Status of the Self-Employed as Business Entities: Problems and prospects of Reform
Authors:   Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), Ershova Inna V. , Shishmareva Tatiana P. , En’kova Ekaterina E.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of the legal status of the self-employed as subjects of entrepreneurial activity. The legal nature of the activities of self-employed persons is studied; the self-employed are qualified as subjects of micro-entrepreneurship; an approach to the implementation of their bankruptcy is developed. A sociological study aimed at identifying the opinion of students about the gaps in the regulatory regulation of the legal status of the self-employed is undertaken. The correctness of the legal qualification of the self-employed as entrepreneurs is argued. The necessity of differentiation of the legal regime of activity of this category of citizens is proved. The content part of the modified concept of entrepreneurial activity is formulated. On the basis of a comparative legal analysis of the regulation of commercial and consumer insolvency in Russia and Germany, conclusions are drawn about the expediency of applying the rules of consumer insolvency to the self-employed due to their special legal status, as well as about providing them with the opportunity to continue their business activities after the completion of the bankruptcy procedure
Opportunities for Optimizing the Activities of the Investigator and Expert to Improve the Efficiency of the Investigation of Traffic Accidents
Authors:   Osh State Law Institute, Saifutdinov Tachir I. , Akmatova Amanai T. , Toktorov Egemberdi S. , Toktorov Altinbek E.
Published: December 2021

The subject of the study is to improve the interaction between the activities of participants in the investigation of road traffic offences. From the materials of criminal cases, it is clear that quite often the role and place of the forensic examination is unreasonably diminished by the investigator. It happens due to the fact that a large part of the physical evidence collected at the crime scene during the initial inspection of the scene of the incident and containing the necessary amount of investigatively significant information, falls out of the general picture that forms the content of the investigative situation. The most effective interaction of the investigator with the expert is realized only when it is organized from the very beginning of the investigation of the crime event, and hereby covers all stages of the investigation, from the examination of the crime scene, the appointment of the examination, the process of examination, conclusions, and end results of expert research. Gathering evidence and clarifying all the circumstances that contribute to the commission of the crime seems to be the basis for solving practical problems that confront the investigator upon arrival at the scene of an accident. For the full implementation of these tasks, the investigator resorts to the practical assistance of an expert, a specialist who has methods for solving the questions posed to them, the practical possibilities accumulated in the complex of technical and forensic, as well as theoretical support for the production of examinations. To implement the tasks set for the investigator to investigate accidents, the investigator simply needs to assress an expert for competent answers. In turn, the expert is authorized to take expert initiative in the course of the investigation, within the limits of his expert authority, to identify, evaluate and establish the circumstances indicated by the investigator in the case under investigation. Empirical and theoretical research methods, a comprehensive analysis, and other methods of scientific knowledge were used in the process of study. The results of the study made it possible to formulate a set of recommendations aimed at improving the regulatory framework governing the interaction of the investigator and expert
Problems of Legal Regulation of the Implementation of Fixed Assets of Legal Entities, Serving Sentences as an Incentive for Law-abiding Behavior of Those Sentenced to Imprisonment, Respect for Individual Rights
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Belik Valery N. , Kutakov Nikolay N. ,   cademy of Law Management of the Federal Penal Service of Russia, Metlin Dmitry G.
Published: December 2021

The aim of the work is to study criminal-executive relations in the field of application of the basic means of correction to convicts serving a sentence of imprisonment. The analysis of the legal basis for the implementation of fixed assets for the correction of convicts established by the criminal executive legislation of Russia is carried out. There is a deficiency in the legal regulation of certain remedies, including social impact and educational work with prisoners. This circumstance is a significant obstacle to their implementation in practice, which negatively affects the formation of law-abiding behavior of persons serving a prison sentence, as well as the observance of rights. A number of recommendations are made, aimed at improving the criminal-executive policy in this area, including on the basis of the analysis of the legal support of remedies for convicted countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States convicted under the law
Russia in Global Digital Tax Reform: Together or Apart?
Authors:   Financial Research Institute under the Ministry of Finance, Milogolov Nikolai S. , Berberov Azamat B. ,   Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy
Published: December 2021

The goal of this research is to develop policy proposals for a reform of Russian corporate income tax legislation. The paper reviews and analyses international and Russian tax policy context and ongoing reforms that aim to address the challenges of the digital economy. It is shown that different states have been implementing unilateral measures in their respective tax legislation due to the absence of global consensus about coordinated reform. This leads to increasing complexity and uncertainty for digital businesses and tax administrations. Considering that the digital tax reform agenda is highly relevant for Russia for fiscal reasons, several ideas for developing Russian tax rules in this context are proposed, including amendments to the concept of corporate residence, introducing a digital services tax as an interim measure, amending the mechanism of withholding tax on royalties and clarifying the tax characterisation of supplies in digital form. This article was prepared as part of research by state assignment at the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Mühendislik Tasarım Odaklı Fen Bilimleri Eğitiminde Öğrencilerin Meslek Tercih ve Algılarındaki Değişim
Authors: SARIGÜL Mucize , ÇINAR Sinan
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı mühendislik tasarım odaklı fen bilimleri etkinliklerinin ortaokul öğrencilerinin meslek tercih ve meslek algılarında nasıl bir değişim meydana getirdiğini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Araştırma yöntemi olarak çalışmanın amacına ilişkin daha ayrıntılı ve açıklayıcı bilgi elde etmek için açıklayıcı durum çalışması deseni benimsenmiştir. Çalışma grubunu amaçlı örnekleme türlerinden ölçüt örnekleme kullanarak STEM eğitimi almış üç fen bilgisi öğretmeni ve onların öğrencileri (N=50) oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada geliştirilen mühendislik tasarım etkinlikleri üç fen bilimleri öğretmeni tarafından sınıflarında dokuz hafta boyunca uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak öğrencilerin meslek tercih ve algılarını belirlemek için hem görsel olarak hem de yazılı olarak veri sağlayan Meslek Serbest Çizim Testi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre uygulamadan önce ortaokul öğrencilerinin meslek tercihleri doktor, hemşire, polis gibi STEM dışı mesleklere karşı iken uygulamadan sonra büyük bir çoğunluğu mühendis, mimar, bilim insanı gibi STEM meslekleri şeklinde değişmiştir. Ayrıca öğrenciler uygulamadan önce mesleklerle ilgili olarak para kazanma, eğlence, tatil gibi meslek algılarına sahipken uygulamadan sonra bu algı problem çözme, tasarım, geliştirme şeklinde değişmiştir. Diğer taraftan çocukların meslek seçiminde aile etkisinin önemli bir faktör olduğu düşünüldüğünde ailelerin de bu gibi tasarım etkinliklerine katılmaları çocukların STEM meslek gelişimine önemli katkıları sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
The Effect of Rosehip (Rosa canina L.) Supplementation to Diet on the Performance, Egg and Meat Quality, Antioxidant Activity in Laying Quail
Authors: Konca Yusuf , Kaliber Mahmut , Uzkulekci Hasan Huseyin , Cimen Behzat , Yalcin Hasan
Published: December 2021

This study was conducted to determine the effects of rosehip (RS, Rosa canina L.) supplementation on the performance, carcass traits, meat quality, serum antioxidant activity, egg yolk pigmentation and fatty acid composition of laying quail. A total of 120 10-week-old laying quail were divided into 5 treatment groups with 8 replicates. The treatments were as follows: the first group was fed control diet (C, no rosehip addition), other groups (2, 3, 4 and 5) were fed with diets containing 2.5, 5, 10 and 15% RS, respectively. The body weight (BW), feed consumption (FC) and egg yield were not affected by the treatments. However, egg weight and egg mass increased with 5 and 10% RS supplementation (P<0.01). The breast meat’s dry matter, crude protein, ash, fat, drip loss, thawing loss, cooking loss, postmortem pH1 values and the colour were not statistically influenced by RS supplementation. Rosehip supplementation caused a decrease in the L* values of egg yolk colour, however, the redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) values of the egg yolk was higher than that of the C group (P<0.01). Rosehip supplementation did not change the fatty acid composition of egg yolk. Rosehip addition at 2.5 and 5% ratio to diets decreased serum malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels (P<0.01); while addition of 10 and 15% RS caused an increase in serum MDA and decrease in serum SOD levels compared to C group (P<0.01). In conclusion, rosehip as a feed ingredient in quail diets can be used to increase egg weight, egg mass and egg yolk pigmentation and low (2.5 and 5%) RS supplementation may decrease serum oxidant activity but not high concentrations (10 and 15%) of RS.
Inappropriate Use of Calcium Supplements among Patients with Low Risk for Osteoporosis and its Association with Knowledge on Calcium Supplements
Authors:   Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Tohid Hizlinda
Published: December 2021

Calcium supplement use without medical indications may be considered inappropriate as it could cause harms. This study aimed to determine the proportion of individuals with low risk for osteoporosis who used calcium supplements inappropriately. Their practice and factors influencing the use were also examined. This cross-sectional study was conducted at a university-based primary care clinic involving 125 patients, aged 18 to 64 years with low risk for osteoporosis (based on the Osteoporosis Self-assessment Tool for Asians, personal or family history of osteoporosis or hip fracture and diseases of secondary osteoporosis). A validated self-administered questionnaire was used to assess participants’ characteristics, knowledge on calcium supplements (KnowCas-12) and its practice. About 46.4% took calcium supplements within the past one year, whereby many had never discussed the use with doctors (46.6%). However, only 25.9% were compliant and almost all (95%) with incorrect consumption. The two commonest reasons for its use were “to prevent from fracture” (70.7%) and “not enough calcium through my diet” (56.9%). The median (inter quartile range) KnowCas-12 score was 6.0 (3.0) (the possible range: 0-12; the mid-point: 6). Multiple logistic regression showed only KnowCas-12 score had a significant independent association with the use (adjusted odds ratio: 0.79; 95% confidence interval: 0.64-0.98; p=0.031). In conclusion, the inappropriate use of calcium supplements was common among the low-risk individuals, but most were non-compliant with incorrect consumption. Their knowledge of calcium supplements was still lacking. As it could influence the use, educational interventions should be imparted to ensure correct osteoprotective behaviour.