bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploration of Potential Target Genes of miR-24-3p in Chicken Myoblasts by Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis
Authors: Ling Xuanze , Wang Qifan , Wu Pengfei , Zhou Kaizhi , Zhang Jin , Zhang Genxi
Published: September 2023

Broiler skeletal muscle growth is significantly influenced by miRNAs. Our earlier research demonstrated that miR-24-3p significantly suppressed the proliferation of chicken myoblasts while promoting their differentiation. The purpose of this study is to investigate miR-24-3p potential target genes in chickens. We collected myoblasts of Jinghai yellow chicken and transfected four samples with mimics of miR-24-3p and another four samples with mimic NC (negative control) for RNA-seq. We obtained 54.34 Gb of raw data in total and 50.79 Gb of clean data remained after filtering. Moreover, 11,635 genes were found to be co-expressed in these two groups. The mimic vs. NC comparison group contained 189 DEGs in total, 119 of which were significantly up-regulated and 70 of which were significantly down-regulated. Important biological process (BP) terminology such as nuclear chromosomal segregation, reproduction, and nuclear division were discovered by GO enrichment analysis for DEGs in the mimic vs. NC comparison group. KEGG pathway analysis showed that focal adhesion, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, the TGF-β signaling pathway, and the MAPK signaling pathway were enriched in the top 20. Variation site analysis illustrated the SNP (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and INDEL (insertion–deletion) in the tested samples. By comparing the target genes predicted by miRDB (MicroRNA target prediction database) and TargetScan with the 189 DEGs found by the transcriptome sequencing, we discovered two up-regulated DEGs (NEURL1 and IQSEC3) and two down-regulated DEGs (REEP1 and ST6GAL1). Finally, we carried out qPCR experiments on eight DEGs and discovered that the qPCR results matched the sequencing outcomes. These findings will aid in identifying potential miR-24-3p target genes in chicken skeletal muscle and offer some new directions for upcoming research on broiler breeding.
Presence of Testa and Shell Maintains Oil Stability in Almond and Canarium Nuts
Authors: Hosseini Bai Shahla , Gama Repson , Jones Kim , Hannet Dalsie , Hannet Godfrey , Komolong Birte , Brooks Peter , Grant Elektra , Elliott Brittany , Wallace Helen M.
Published: September 2023

(1) Background: The oil stability of tree nuts during storage can be influenced by storage conditions such as temperature, humidity, and moisture concentration. However, few studies have assessed how the presence of testa and shell affects the oil stability of tree nuts during storage. We aimed to determine how storage conditions affect oil stability in almond and canarium, in particular, the presence of testa and storage time of nut-in-shell (NIS). (2) Methods: We measured peroxide value (PV), free fatty acid (FFA) and hexanal concentrations of almond and canarium (blanched vs. kernel-in-testa) stored at 45 °C for 24 days. We also measured PV, FFA and fatty acid composition of canarium samples at days 0 and 140 stored as NIS under ambient conditions. (3) Results: The presence of testa in almond and canarium decreased hexanal and PV concentrations at day 24 of incubation. Canarium PV and FFA concentrations increased over 140 days of storage in the shell compared to day 0. However, both PV and FFA concentrations remained within the acceptable threshold during storage. No changes in fatty acid composition were found during NIS storage. (4) Conclusions: Testa and shell could act as a natural coating, slowing down oxidation rates. Hence, long-term storage on nuts in testa or nuts in shell are recommended for tree nuts.
Understanding the Invasion, Ecological Adaptations, and Management Strategies of Bactrocera dorsalis in China: A Review
Authors: Jaffar Saleem , Rizvi Syed Arif Hussain , Lu Yongyue
Published: September 2023

Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel, 1912) (Diptera: Tephritidae), commonly known as the oriental fruit fly, is a highly destructive pest that globally infests fruits and vegetables, resulting in significant annual economic losses. Initially detected in Taiwan Island, it has rapidly expanded its distribution range to various regions in mainland China since the 1980s, with a continuous northward spread. To mitigate the damage caused by this pest, extensive efforts have been undertaken to comprehend its ecological and physiological adaptations and develop management strategies. This review article provides an overview of the invasion history of B. dorsalis in China, its ecological and physiological mechanisms facilitating its invasion, and the progress made in understanding its major biological characteristics. Moreover, the key approaches for managing B. dorsalis that have been or are likely to be implemented in China are presented, including quarantine measures, monitoring procedures, physical controls, biological controls, the sterile insect technique, RNA interference, and CRISPR-Cas-9. Finally, some suggestions for future research directions are provided.
Electrolyzed Hypochlorous Acid (HOCl) Aqueous Solution as Low-Impact and Eco-Friendly Agent for Floor Cleaning and Sanitation
Authors: Gessi Alessandro , Formaglio Paolo , Semeraro Bruno , Summa Daniela , Tamisari Elena , Tamburini Elena
Published: September 2023

Recently, the use of disinfectants has been becoming a diffused and sometimes indiscriminate practice of paramount importance to limit the spreading of infections. The control of microbial contamination has now been concentrated on the use of traditional agents (i.e., hypochlorite, ozone). However, their prolonged use can cause potential treats, for both human health and environment. Currently, low-impact but effective biocides that are prepared in a way that avoids waste, with a very low toxicity, and safe and easy to handle and store are strongly needed. In this study, produced electrochemically activated hypochlorous (HOCl) acid solutions are investigated and proposed, integrated in a scrubbing machine for floor cleaning treatment. Such an innovative machine has been used for floor cleaning and sanitation in order to evaluate the microbial charge and organic dirt removal capacity of HOCl in comparison with a machine charged with traditional Ecolabel standard detergent. The potential damage on floor materials has also been investigated by means of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). A comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis has been carried out for evaluating the sustainability of the use of the HOCl-based and detergent-based machine.
Copy Number Variations in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Authors: Büki Gergely , Hadzsiev Kinga , Bene Judit
Published: September 2023

Neuropsychiatric disorders are complex conditions that represent a significant global health burden with complex and multifactorial etiologies. Technological advances in recent years have improved our understanding of the genetic architecture of the major neuropsychiatric disorders and the genetic loci involved. Previous studies mainly investigated genome-wide significant SNPs to elucidate the cross-disorder and disorder-specific genetic basis of neuropsychiatric disorders. Although copy number variations represent a major source of genetic variations, they are known risk factors in developing a variety of human disorders, including certain neuropsychiatric diseases. In this review, we demonstrate the current understanding of CNVs contributing to liability for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder.
The Intergeneration Long-Lasting Consequences of Pre-Conceptional Exposure to Sofosbuvir on the Ovarian Tissues of F1 Offspring: Experimental Study on Rats
Authors: Hafez Hala A. , Mahmoud Shimaa A. , Alhmoud Jehad F. , Khafaga Rana H.M. , Kamel Maher A. , Shaker Sara A.
Published: September 2023

Sofosbuvir (SOF), a nucleos(t)ide polymerase inhibitor, has been used during the past decade for mass treatment of viral hepatitis C in endemic countries like Egypt, increasing the exposure of women at childbearing age to SOF. This study investigated the long-lasting consequences of the pre-conceptional exposure of young female rats to SOF on the ovarian tissues of F1 offspring and explored the possible molecular mechanisms of these intergenerational effects at various levels. The study was conducted on young female rats that were divided into control group and SOF-exposed group at a dose of 4 mg/kg/day for three months. After that, pregnancy was induced in both groups by mating with healthy male rats. After delivery, the female neonates were followed for 4 months, and the ovarian tissues were collected to assess the studied parameters. Pre-conceptional exposure to SOF affected the ovarian functions of F1 offspring through modulation of estrogen receptors, ovarian Kiss1 and its receptor, increased lipid peroxidation marker, DNA oxidation marker, and redox-sensitive nuclear factor kappa B, and decreased nuclear erythroid-2-related factor 2, mitochondrial function, and biogenesis. SOF affected the ovarian function of the F1 offspring by inducing oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to the modulation of mitochondrial functions and biogenesis.
Novel Conformation-Dependent Tau Antibodies Are Modulated by Adjacent Phosphorylation Sites
Authors: Paterno Giavanna , Torrellas Jose , Bell Brach M. , Gorion Kimberly-Marie M. , Quintin Stephan S. , Hery Gabriela P. , Prokop Stefan , Giasson Benoit I.
Published: September 2023

Tau proteins within the adult central nervous system (CNS) are found to be abnormally aggregated into heterogeneous filaments in neurodegenerative diseases, termed tauopathies. These tau inclusions are pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Pick’s disease (PiD), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). The neuropathological hallmarks of these diseases burden several cell types within the CNS, and have also been shown to be abundantly phosphorylated. The mechanism(s) by which tau aggregates in the CNS is not fully known, but it is hypothesized that hyperphosphorylated tau may precede and further promote filament formation, leading to the production of these pathological inclusions. In the studies herein, we generated and thoroughly characterized two novel conformation-dependent tau monoclonal antibodies that bind to residues Pro218-Glu222, but are sensitive to denaturing conditions and highly modulated by adjacent downstream phosphorylation sites. These epitopes are present in the neuropathological hallmarks of several tauopathies, including AD, PiD, CBD, and PSP. These novel antibodies will further enable investigation of tau-dependent pathological inclusion formation and enhance our understanding of the phosphorylation signatures within tauopathies with the possibility of new biomarker developments.
Direct Patlak Reconstruction of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET for the Evaluation of Primary Prostate Cancer Prior Total Prostatectomy: Results of a Pilot Study
Authors: Rasul Sazan , Geist Barbara Katharina , Einspieler Holger , Fajkovic Harun , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Schmitl Stefan , Mitterhauser Markus , Bartosch Rainer , Langsteger Werner , Baltzer Pascal Andreas Thomas , Beyer Thomas , Ferrara Daria , Haug Alexander R. , Hacker Marcus , Rausch Ivo
Published: September 2023

To investigate the use of kinetic parameters derived from direct Patlak reconstructions of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) to predict the histological grade of malignancy of the primary tumor of patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Thirteen patients (mean age 66 ± 10 years) with a primary, therapy-naïve PCa (median PSA 9.3 [range: 6.3–130 µg/L]) prior radical prostatectomy, were recruited in this exploratory prospective study. A dynamic whole-body [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT scan was performed for all patients. Measured quantification parameters included Patlak slope (Ki: absolute rate of tracer consumption) and Patlak intercept (Vb: degree of tracer perfusion in the tumor). Additionally, the mean and maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmean and SUVmax) of the tumor were determined from a static PET 60 min post tracer injection. In every patient, initial PSA (iPSA) values that were also the PSA level at the time of the examination and final histology results with Gleason score (GS) grading were correlated with the quantitative readouts. Collectively, 20 individual malignant prostate lesions were ascertained and histologically graded for GS with ISUP classification. Six lesions were classified as ISUP 5, two as ISUP 4, eight as ISUP 3, and four as ISUP 2. In both static and dynamic PET/CT imaging, the prostate lesions could be visually distinguished from the background. The average values of the SUVmean, slope, and intercept of the background were 2.4 (±0.4), 0.015 1/min (±0.006), and 52% (±12), respectively. These were significantly lower than the corresponding parameters extracted from the prostate lesions (all p < 0.01). No significant differences were found between these values and the various GS and ISUP (all p > 0.05). Spearman correlation coefficient analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between static and dynamic PET/CT parameters (all r ≥ 0.70, p < 0.01). Both GS and ISUP grading revealed only weak correlations with the mean and maximum SUV and tumor-to-background ratio derived from static images and dynamic Patlak slope. The iPSA demonstrated no significant correlation with GS and ISUP grading or with dynamic and static PET parameter values. In this cohort of mainly high-risk PCa, no significant correlation between [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 perfusion and consumption and the aggressiveness of the primary tumor was observed. This suggests that the association between SUV values and GS may be more distinctive when distinguishing clinically relevant from clinically non-relevant PCa.
Molecular Research for Cereal Grain Quality
Authors: Bao Jinsong , Xu Jian-Hong
Published: September 2023

Cereals such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L [...]
A Genome-Wide Analysis of the Pentatricopeptide Repeat Protein Gene Family in Two Kiwifruit Species with an Emphasis on the Role of RNA Editing in Pathogen Stress
Authors: Zhang Aidi , Xiong Yuhong , Liu Fang , Zhang Xiujun
Published: September 2023

Kiwifruit is a perennial fruit tree with high nutritional and economic value; however, various pathogen stresses have resulted in reductions in its yield and quality. Pentatricopeptide repeat proteins (PPRs), characterized by tandem repetitions of 35 amino acid motifs, play roles in RNA editing, mRNA stability, and splicing. They may also regulate plant development and growth. Nevertheless, the roles of PPRs in plant development and disease resistance remain unclear. In this study, we focused on the roles of PPRs in the fruit development and pathogen stress of kiwifruit and conducted a series of analyses of the PPR gene family in two representative kiwifruit species (Actinidia chinensis (Ach) and Actinidia eriantha (Ace)) with markedly different degrees of disease resistance. A total of 497 and 499 PPRs were identified in Ach and Ace, respectively. All the kiwifruit PPRs could be phylogenetically divided into four subfamilies. There were about 40.68% PPRs predicted to be localized to mitochondria or chloroplasts. A synteny analysis showed that the expansion of the kiwifruit PPRs mainly originated from segmental duplication. Based on RNA-seq data from the fruit over 12 periods of development and maturity, a weighted correlation network analysis suggested that two PPRs, Actinidia20495.t1 and Actinidia15159.t1, may be involved in fruit development and maturation. In addition, we observed different responses with respect to the expression of PPRs and RNA editing between resistant and susceptible kiwifruits following infection with pathogenic bacteria, indicating the regulatory role of PPRs in the stress response via the modulation of RNA editing. The differentially expressed upstream transcription factors of the PPRs were further identified; they may regulate resistance adaption by modulating the expression of the PPRs. Collectively, these results suggest that PPRs play roles in the development and disease resistance of kiwifruit and provide candidate genes for further clarifying the resistance mechanisms in kiwifruits.
FA Sliding as the Mechanism for the ANT1-Mediated Fatty Acid Anion Transport in Lipid Bilayers
Authors: Kreiter Jürgen , Škulj Sanja , Brkljača Zlatko , Bardakji Sarah , Vazdar Mario , Pohl Elena E.
Published: September 2023

Mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) exchanges ADP for ATP to maintain energy production in the cell. Its protonophoric function in the presence of long-chain fatty acids (FA) is also recognized. Our previous results imply that proton/FA transport can be best described with the FA cycling model, in which protonated FA transports the proton to the mitochondrial matrix. The mechanism by which ANT1 transports FA anions back to the intermembrane space remains unclear. Using a combined approach involving measurements of the current through the planar lipid bilayers reconstituted with ANT1, site-directed mutagenesis and molecular dynamics simulations, we show that the FA anion is first attracted by positively charged arginines or lysines on the matrix side of ANT1 before moving along the positively charged protein–lipid interface and binding to R79, where it is protonated. We show that R79 is also critical for the competitive binding of ANT1 substrates (ADP and ATP) and inhibitors (carboxyatractyloside and bongkrekic acid). The binding sites are well conserved in mitochondrial SLC25 members, suggesting a general mechanism for transporting FA anions across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Starting Editorial of “Cellular Damage: Protection and Induction” Addressing Hot Topics in Cellular Damage, Protection of Cells and Therapy Targeting Bad Cells
Authors: Tan Songwen , Zhou Wenhu
Published: September 2023

The cell, the fundamental unit of life, is constantly subjected to a myriad of molecular biophysical disturbances [...]
Expression Profiles of Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Articular Cartilage of Rats Exposed to T-2 Toxin
Authors: Yu Fangfang , Wang Miao , Luo Kangting , Sun Lei , Yu Shuiyuan , Zuo Juan , Wang Yanjie
Published: September 2023

T-2 toxin could induce bone damage. But there is no specific mechanism about the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in T-2 toxin-induced articular cartilage injury. In this study, 24 SD rats were randomly divided into a control group and a T-2 group, which were administered 4% absolute ethanol and 100 ng/g · bw/day of T-2 toxin, respectively. After treatment for 4 weeks, safranin O/fast green staining identified the pathological changes in the articular cartilage of rats, and immunofluorescence verified the autophagy level increase in the T-2 group. Total RNA was isolated, and high-throughput sequencing was performed. A total of 620 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) were identified, and 326 target genes were predicted. Enrichment analyses showed that the target genes of DE-lncRNAs were enriched in the autophagy-related biological processes and pathways. According to the autophagy database, a total of 23 autophagy-related genes were identified, and five hub genes (Foxo3, Foxo1, Stk11, Hdac4, and Rela) were screened using the Maximal Clique Centrality algorithm. The Human Protein Atlas database indicated that Rela and Hdac4 proteins were highly expressed in the bone marrow tissue, while Foxo3, Foxo1, and Stk11 proteins were reduced. According to Enrichr, etoposide and diatrizoic acid were identified as the key drugs. The real-time quantitative PCR results were consistent with the RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) results. These results suggested that autophagy was involved in the rat articular cartilage lesions induced by T-2 toxin. The lncRNAs of NONRATG014223.2, NONRATG012484.2, NONRATG021591.2, NONRATG024691.2, and NONRATG002808.2, and their target genes of Foxo3, Foxo1, Stk11, Hdac4, and Rela, respectively, were the key regulator factors of autophagy.
The TGF-β/UCHL5/Smad2 Axis Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Placenta Accreta
Authors: Hashimoto Kei , Miyagawa Yuko , Watanabe Saya , Takasaki Kazuki , Nishizawa Miki , Yatsuki Keita , Takahashi Yuko , Kamata Hideo , Kihira Chikara , Hiraike Haruko , Sasamori Yukifumi , Kido Koichiro , Ryo Eiji , Nagasaka Kazunori
Published: September 2023

Placenta accreta is a high-risk condition causing obstetric crisis and hemorrhage; however, its pathogenesis remains unknown. We aimed to identify the factors contributing to trophoblast invasiveness and angiogenic potential, which in turn drive the pathogenesis of placenta accreta. We focused on the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-Smad pathway and investigated the intrinsic relationship between the time- and dose-dependent inhibition of the ubiquitinating enzyme UCHL5 using bAP15, a deubiquitinase inhibitor, after TGF-β1 stimulation and the invasive and angiogenic potential of two cell lines, gestational choriocarcinoma cell line JEG-3 and trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo. UCHL5 inhibition negatively regulated TGF-β1-induced Smad2 activation, decreasing extravillous trophoblast invasiveness. Smad1/5/9 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were simultaneously activated, and vascular endothelial growth factor was secreted into the trophoblast medium. However, extravillous trophoblast culture supernatant severely impaired the vasculogenic potential of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. These results suggest that the downstream ERK pathway and Smad1/5/9 potentially regulate the TGF-β1-Smad pathway in extravillous trophoblasts, whereas Smad2 contributes to their invasiveness. The abnormal invasive and angiogenic capacities of extravillous cells, likely driven by the interaction between TGF-β1-Smad and ERK pathways, underlie the pathogenesis of placenta accreta.
Anti-Inflammatory Activities of 8-Benzylaminoxanthines Showing High Adenosine A2A and Dual A1/A2A Receptor Affinity
Authors: Załuski Michał , Łażewska Dorota , Jaśko Piotr , Honkisz-Orzechowska Ewelina , Kuder Kamil J. , Brockmann Andreas , Latacz Gniewomir , Zygmunt Małgorzata , Kaleta Maria , Greser Beril Anita , Olejarz-Maciej Agnieszka , Jastrzębska-Więsek Magdalena , Vielmuth Christin , Müller Christa E. , Kieć-Kononowicz Katarzyna
Published: September 2023

Chronic inflammation plays an important role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). In the present study, we synthesized 25 novel xanthine derivatives with variable substituents at the N1-, N3- and C8-position as adenosine receptor antagonists with potential anti-inflammatory activity. The compounds were investigated in radioligand binding studies at all four human adenosine receptor subtypes, A1, A2A, A2B and A3. Compounds showing nanomolar A2A and dual A1/A2A affinities were obtained. Three compounds, 19, 22 and 24, were selected for further studies. Docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies indicated binding poses and interactions within the orthosteric site of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors. In vitro studies confirmed the high metabolic stability of the compounds, and the absence of toxicity at concentrations of up to 12.5 µM in various cell lines (SH-SY5Y, HepG2 and BV2). Compounds 19 and 22 showed anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. In vivo studies in mice investigating carrageenan- and formalin-induced inflammation identified compound 24 as the most potent anti-inflammatory derivative. Future studies are warranted to further optimize the compounds and to explore their therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases.
Yeast Lsm Pro-Apoptotic Mutants Show Defects in Autophagy
Authors: Caraba Benedetta , Stirpe Mariarita , Palermo Vanessa , Vaccher Ugo , Bianchi Michele Maria , Falcone Claudio , Mazzoni Cristina
Published: September 2023

LSM4 is an essential yeast gene encoding a component of different LSM complexes involved in the regulation of mRNA splicing, stability, and translation. In previous papers, we reported that the expression in S. cerevisiae of the K. lactis LSM4 gene lacking the C-terminal Q/N-rich domain in an Lsm4 null strain S. cerevisiae (Sclsm4Δ1) restored cell viability. Nevertheless, in this transformed strain, we observed some phenotypes that are typical markers of regulated cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and oxidated RNA accumulation. In this paper, we report that a similar truncation operated in the S. cerevisiae LSM4 gene confers on cells the same phenotypes observed with the K. lactis lsm4Δ1 gene. Up until now, there was no evidence of the direct involvement of LSM4 in autophagy. Here we found that the Sclsm4Δ1 mutant showed a block in the autophagic process and was very sensitive to nitrogen starvation or treatment with low doses of rapamycin, an inducer of autophagy. Moreover, both during nitrogen starvation and aging, the Sclsm4Δ1 mutant accumulated cytoplasmic autophagy-related structures, suggesting a role of Lsm4 in a later step of the autophagy process.
Mechanosensitive Ion Channels: Their Physiological Importance and Potential Key Role in Cancer
Authors: Otero-Sobrino Álvaro , Blanco-Carlón Pablo , Navarro-Aguadero Miguel Ángel , Gallardo Miguel , Martínez-López Joaquín , Velasco-Estévez María
Published: September 2023

Mechanosensitive ion channels comprise a broad group of proteins that sense mechanical extracellular and intracellular changes, translating them into cation influx to adapt and respond to these physical cues. All cells in the organism are mechanosensitive, and these physical cues have proven to have an important role in regulating proliferation, cell fate and differentiation, migration and cellular stress, among other processes. Indeed, the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix in cancer change drastically due to high cell proliferation and modification of extracellular protein secretion, suggesting an important contribution to tumor cell regulation. In this review, we describe the physiological significance of mechanosensitive ion channels, emphasizing their role in cancer and immunity, and providing compelling proof of the importance of continuing to explore their potential as new therapeutic targets in cancer research.
Optimization of Anthocyanin Production in Tobacco Cells
Authors: Carpi Andrea , Rahim Md Abdur , Marin Angela , Armellin Marco , Brun Paola , Miotto Giovanni , Dal Monte Renzo , Trainotti Livio
Published: September 2023

Plant cell cultures have emerged as a promising tool for producing active molecules due to their numerous advantages over traditional agricultural methods. Flavonols, and anthocyanin pigments in particular, together with other phenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acid, are known for their beneficial health properties, mainly due to their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. The synthesis of these molecules is finely regulated in plant cells and controlled at the transcriptional level by specific MYB and bHLH transcription factors that coordinate the transcription of structural biosynthetic genes. The co-expression of peach PpMYB10.1 and PpbHLH3 in tobacco was used to develop tobacco cell lines showing high expression of both the peach transgenes and the native flavonol structural genes. These cell lines were further selected for fast growth. High production levels of chlorogenic acid, anthocyanins (mainly cyanidin 3-rutinoside), and other phenolics were also achieved in pre-industrial scale-up trials. A single-column-based purification protocol was developed to produce a lyophile called ANT-CA, which was stable over time, showed beneficial effects on cell viability, and had antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and wound-healing activities. This lyophile could be a valuable ingredient for food or cosmetic applications.
A Rank Analysis and Ensemble Machine Learning Model for Load Forecasting in the Nodes of the Central Mongolian Power System
Authors: Osgonbaatar Tuvshin , Matrenin Pavel , Safaraliev Murodbek , Zicmane Inga , Rusina Anastasia , Kokin Sergey
Published: September 2023

Forecasting electricity consumption is currently one of the most important scientific and practical tasks in the field of electric power industry. The early retrieval of data on expected load profiles makes it possible to choose the optimal operating mode of the system. The resultant forecast accuracy significantly affects the performance of the entire electrical complex and the operating conditions of the electricity market. This can be achieved through using a model of total electricity consumption designed with an acceptable margin of error. This paper proposes a new method for predicting power consumption in all nodes of the power system through the determination of rank coefficients calculated directly for the corresponding voltage level, including node substations, power supply zones, and other parts of the power system. The forecast of the daily load schedule and the construction of a power consumption model was based on the example of nodes in the central power system in Mongolia. An ensemble of decision trees was applied to construct a daily load schedule and rank coefficients were used to simulate consumption in the nodes. Initial data were obtained from daily load schedules, meteorological factors, and calendar features of the central power system, which accounts for the majority of energy consumption and generation in Mongolia. The study period was 2019–2021. The daily load schedules of the power system were constructed using machine learning with a probability of 1.25%. The proposed rank analysis for power system zones increases the forecasting accuracy for each zone and can improve the quality of management and create more favorable conditions for the development of distributed generation.
Impact of Prenatal and Postnatal Diagnosis on Parents: Psychosocial and Economic Aspects Related to Congenital Heart Defects in Children
Authors: Zych-Krekora Katarzyna , Sylwestrzak Oskar , Grzesiak Mariusz , Krekora Michał
Published: September 2023

Congenital heart defects (CHD) are defects detected both prenatally and after birth. They are the most common congenital defects. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, CHD remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns, which has a great impact on economic aspects. It is crucial to provide a holistic approach to the care of children with CHD, including regular cardiac check-ups, appropriate drug treatment, surgical or cardiac interventions as needed, rehabilitation, psychological support, and education for patients and their families. Parents experience a variety of psychological problems. This article summarizes the influence of CHD in the psychological and economic areas.
Preliminary Evidence to Support a De-Escalated Cochlear Implant Programming Paradigm for New Adult Recipients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dornhoffer James R. , Khandalavala Karl R. , Zwolan Teresa A. , Carlson Matthew L.
Published: September 2023

Background: No standard schedule for cochlear implant (CI) programming has been developed, and common practices may have CI recipients seen in excess of what is necessary. The objective of this study was to review evidence for a de-escalated, evidence-based schedule for adult CI programming. Methods: Systematic review was undertaken in March 2023 of PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL databases using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were included if (1) they evaluated an evidence-based programming/follow-up schedule in new adult CI patients or (2) they evaluated programming or outcomes in a longitudinal fashion such that they could inform CI follow-up strategies. Level of evidence was evaluated using the LEGEND evidence assessment tool. Results: Our review identified 940 studies. After screening with a priori inclusion criteria, 18 studies were ultimately included in this review. Of these, 2 demonstrated feasibility of de-escalated approaches to new adult CI programming. The remainder presented longitudinal speech and programming parameter data that demonstrated relative stability of both categories by 3 to 6 months post-activation. Conclusions: Overall, there is a paucity of literature evaluating any form of evidence-based CI programming or follow-up. Most applicable data derive from longitudinal outcomes featured in studies of other CI features, with only a handful of studies directly evaluating CI programming strategies over time. However, stability in outcomes and programming detailed in the available data supports consideration of a de-escalated programming paradigm that could primarily limit programming to the very early post-activation period (before 3 to 6 months) to enhance patient care and reduce operational strains on cochlear implant programs.
RETRACTED: Chen et al. Clinical Effect of Arthroscopic Resection of Extra-Articular Knee Osteochondroma. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 52
Authors: Chen Peng , Shen Li , Long Qiong , Dai Wei , Jiang Xiaocheng , Li Canfeng , Zuo Jianwei , Guo Jiang , Zhang Xintao
Published: September 2023

Following publication, the authors of “Clinical Effect of Arthroscopic Resection of Extra-Articular Knee Osteochondroma” by Chen et al. [...]
Are We Ready to Reclassify Crohn’s Disease Using Molecular Classification?
Authors: Kamal Shahed , Parkash Nikita , Beattie William , Christensen Britt , Segal Jonathan P.
Published: September 2023

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease. The number of IBD cases worldwide was estimated to be 4.9 million in 2019. CD exhibits heterogeneity in clinical presentation, anatomical involvement, disease behaviour, clinical course and response to treatment. The classical description of CD involves transmural inflammation with skip lesions anywhere along the entire gastrointestinal tract. The complexity and heterogeneity of Crohn’s disease is not currently reflected in the conventional classification system. Though the knowledge of Crohn’s pathophysiology remains far from understood, the established complex interplay of the omics—genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenomics, metagenomics, metabolomics, lipidomics and immunophenomics—provides numerous targets for potential molecular markers of disease. Advancing technology has enabled identification of small molecules within these omics, which can be extrapolated to differentiate types of Crohn’s disease. The multi-omic future of Crohn’s disease is promising, with potential for advancements in understanding of its pathogenesis and implementation of personalised medicine.
Bonding of Low-Melting Polyaryletherketone onto Polyamide 6: A Concept for Molds for Automated Fiber Placement
Authors: Atzler Fynn , Raps Lukas , Freund Jonathan , Tröger Samuel , Hümbert Simon
Published: September 2023

Automated fiber placement (AFP) is a method to manufacture complex composite parts in an automatable and scalable process. Thermoplastic in situ AFP has received more attention in recent years for its use in high-performance, aerospace applications that use low-melting polyaryletherketone (LM-PAEK) composites. Although in situ AFP is a promising technology for the automated and economical manufacturing of composites, the production of a mold is still a considerable expense. Using large-scale additive manufacturing, molds can be manufactured in a short time frame for a fraction of the cost of traditional molds. By using polyamide 6 (PA6), a polymer incompatible with LM-PAEK, a bond can be created, which holds a laminate in the desired form during production and allows for demolding. Due to the thermoplastic nature of PA6, a mold can be manufactured using large-scale, extrusion-based additive manufacturing. This study investigates the suitability of 3D-printed molds composed of PA6 for the AFP of CF/LM-PAEK laminates. To this end, peel tests and shear tests were conducted to investigate the influence of the process temperature, the area of heating and the consolidation pressure on the bond of these incompatible polymers. A shear strength of up to 2.83 MPa and a peel strength of up to 0.173 N·mm−1 were achievable. The principal suitability of PA6 as a mold material for the AFP of CF/LM-PAEK was demonstrated.
Gender Differences in the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children in a Large Group of Italian Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Giofrè David , Toffalini Enrico , Esposito Lorenzo , Cornoldi Cesare
Published: September 2023

Despite being repeatedly investigated in children with typical development, research on gender differences in intellectual abilities in specific groups of children, including children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), has been scarce. In this paper, we evaluated the performance of a large group of Italian children with ADHD using the WISC-IV. We aimed at investigating the presence of gender differences using a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis approach. Results showed that the WISC is largely gender-invariant. However, some tasks present non-invariant patterns (block design and coding). Differences at the latent level also showed some differences (favoring boys) in the verbal comprehension index. Conversely, differences at the latent level were not found in the full-scale IQ or in the other main indices. These results have theoretical and practical implications.
Analysis of Topographic Surveys with RPAS in Steep Coastal Dunes
Authors: Contreras-de-Villar Francisco , García Francisco J. , Muñoz-Perez Juan J. , Contreras-de-Villar Antonio , Ruiz-Ortiz Verónica , López-García Patricia , Jigena-Antelo Bismark
Published: September 2023

The current use of photogrammetric systems with RPAS (remotely piloted aircraft systems) for the acquisition of topographic data in every type of coastal area has the benefit of a low risk for the personnel involved, good precision, increased productivity, and lower costs. However, their accuracy has not yet been researched in areas with steep terrain. In this paper, we study dune areas with slopes between 20 and 30%. The objective of this work is to examine the influence of the inclination of both the flight and the camera and to compare the results with those obtained using constant-height flights. With the data collected during three field campaigns, a total of 18 cases were studied. Among the results obtained, in the case of the horizontal flights, a vertical error of 0.048 m was detected for a 0° inclination of the camera versus an error of 0.086 m for a 10° inclination, thus an increase in the camera inclination decreased the accuracy by 44%. Moreover, the flight inclination did not lead to a significant reduction in the error. Therefore, as a main conclusion, the planning of horizontal flights as well as the non-tilt of the camera are recommended.
Relationship between Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Visceral Fat Measured by Imaging-Based Body Composition Analysis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Seaw Ker Ming , Henry Christiani Jeyakumar , Bi Xinyan
Published: September 2023

Imaging-based body composition analysis can quantify visceral fat, which is an important feature of lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. This review assesses current evidence of the relationship between NAFLD, particularly hepatic steatosis, and visceral fat that is measured using imaging-based body composition analysis. PubMed Central and ScienceDirect were searched for studies that provided quantification of the relationship between NAFLD, hepatic steatosis and visceral fat. Twenty studies comprising 15,763 subjects were included, consisting of the relationship with NAFLD (n = 15) and the relationship with hepatic steatosis (n = 7). All studies reported a positive relationship between NAFLD and visceral fat. For hepatic steatosis regardless of severity, only one study reported no correlation with visceral fat. Further results showed that visceral fat is more related to NAFLD and hepatic steatosis in females than males. More studies including NAFLD of different stages must be performed in the future to validate the degree of association between visceral fat and NAFLD at all stages as well as this relationship difference between genders.
Effect of the Advanced Cranial and Craniofacial Implant Fabrication on Their Degradation Affinity
Authors: Chmal-Fudali Edyta , Basińska Daria , Kucharska-Jastrząbek Agnieszka , Struszczyk Marcin H. , Muzalewska Małgorzata , Wyleżoł Marek , Wątrobiński Marcin , Andrzejewski Jacek , Tarzyńska Nina , Gzyra-Jagieła Karolina
Published: September 2023

Biodegradable craniofacial and cranial implants are a new aspect in terms of reducing potential complications, especially in the long term after surgery. They are also an important contribution in the field of surgical reconstructions for children, for whom it is important to restore natural bone in a relatively short time, due to the continuous growth of bones. The aim of this study was to verify the impact of the technology on biodegradability and to estimate the risk of inappropriate implant resorption time, which is an important aspect necessary to select prototypes of implants for in vivo testing. Prototypes of implants were made using two technologies: 3D printing using a PLDLA: poly(L-co-D,L lactide) (PLDLA) filament containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, and injection using PLDLA. After the radiation sterilization process, they were subjected to in vitro degradation under accelerated conditions. As part of this study, the in vitro degradation of newly developed biodegradable implant technologies was assessed in accordance with the guidelines of European standards. It was found that the implant manufacturing process had a significant impact on the degradation time under simulated conditions in various media. Implants made using the injection technique were characterized by lower susceptibility to degradation media compared to the 3D-printed implant under accelerated conditions.
The Effects of Compressive Residual Stress on Properties of Kyanite-Coated Zirconia Toughened Alumina Ceramics
Authors: Wu Hao-Long , Li Haiyan , Cao Dake , Qiu Yan , Wan Detian , Bao Yiwang
Published: September 2023

In this study, the prestressed coating reinforcement method was employed to create kyanite-coated zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) prestressed ceramics. Due to the mismatch of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between the coating and substrate, compressive residual stress was introduced in the coating. The effects of compressive residual stress on the mechanical properties of ZTA have been demonstrated. Results show that the flexural strength of the kyanite-coated ZTA ceramics improved by 40% at room temperature compared to ZTA ceramics. In addition, the temperature dependence of mechanical properties has also been discussed. And the results show that the reinforcement gradually diminished with increasing temperature and eventually disappeared at 1000 °C. The modulus of elasticity of the material also exhibits a decreasing trend. Furthermore, the introduction of the prestressing coating enhanced the thermal shock resistance, but the strengthening effect diminished as the temperature increased and completely disappeared at 800 °C.
Surface Texture Designs to Improve the Core–Veneer Bond Strength of Zirconia Restorations Using Digital Light Processing
Authors: Dai Kang , Wu Jiang , Zhao Zhen , Yu Hai , Zhao Zhe , Gao Bo
Published: September 2023

Veneered zirconia ceramics are widely used for dental restorations. However, the relatively poor bonding strength between the ceramic core and veneer porcelain remains a common problem in clinical applications. To address this issue, this study focused on enhancing the core–veneer bond strength of zirconia restorations through the implementation of surface textures using digital light processing (DLP) technology. The light intensity was precisely tuned to optimize mechanical strength and minimize light scattering. Subsequently, hexagonal or square grids were printed on the surface of the zirconia ceramic core. Following veneering procedures, the shear bond strength (SBS) test was conducted using a universal testing machine. Dates were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the least significant difference (LSD) test. Furthermore, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the failure modes and observe the cross-sectional structures, respectively. The results indicated that the presence of a 0.09 mm high hexagon grid led to a significant 21% increase in the SBS value. However, grids with heights of 0.2 and 0.3 mm showed less improvement, owing to the formation of large defects at the interface during the fusion process. This study demonstrated the potential of DLP technology in preparing zirconia ceramics with complex structures and high mechanical strength, thereby offering promising solutions for overcoming challenges associated with dental applications.
A Mini Review on Fluid Topology Optimization
Authors: Li He , Wang Cong , Zhang Xuyu , Li Jie , Shen Jianhu , Zhou Shiwei
Published: September 2023

Topology optimization holds great potential to achieve the best performance for various fluid-related applications like aircraft components and microfluidic mixers. This paper reviews comprehensively the technical progress of this field over the last decade from the viewpoint of structural expression. The density-based approach has been widely adopted to design structures due to its simple concept, ease of implementation, and robustness. Different designs using such a pointwise method for systems under Stokes, laminar Navier–Stokes, turbulent, non-Newtonian, and steady-state/unsteady-state fluid flows are reviewed and discussed in depth. Both isogeometric analysis and the moving morphable components/voids methods will demonstrate their advantages regarding integration with computer-aided design. The moving morphable components/voids method also significantly reduces computing costs. From the viewpoint of boundary smoothness, we are most concerned about whether smoother boundaries can reduce objective functions such as energy dissipation even lower. Therefore, this work also concentrates on level set and spline expression methods. Furthermore, we identify isogeometric analysis and machine learning in shaping the field’s future. In addition, the review highlights the following two challenges: achieving accurate fluid model construction and the relatively limited experimental validation of fluid topology optimization outcomes.
Experimental Research on Application of Waste Concrete Powder–Waste Brick Powder–Cement Grout for Foundation Reinforcement in Mining Goaf
Authors: Wang Yan , Wang Mengqi , Wang Hui , Dun Zhilin , Ren Lianwei
Published: September 2023

Combined with a strategic policy for the recycling of construction waste, this paper puts forward a programme for treating a goaf foundation with waste concrete powder, waste brick powder, and cement grout (BCP cement grout). The BCP cement grout is prepared by replacing part of the waste concrete powder with waste brick powder, and the changeable rule of the setting time, water separation rate, stone rate, and viscosity of the grout with different rates for replacement are studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are carried out. The mineral composition is analyzed and the microscopic mechanism is studied. The results show that the ratio of BCP cement grout developed by the experiment is reasonable; the unit cost is less than 160 yuan/t, which is 40% lower than that of pure cement grout; and both a good economic effect and good environmental effect are obtained. It has the advantages of low water separation rate, high stone rate, and low viscosity. When the ratio of cement powder: waste concrete powder: waste brick powder is 3:5:2 or 3:6:1, the 28 d compressive strength of the stone body is more than 2 MPa, meeting the filling requirements for a goaf foundation. It is not only technically feasible but also economically reasonable to apply construction waste powder to fill the goaf foundation. Recycling and utilizing construction waste can also achieve the ecological restoration of mined-out areas, highlighting the ecological benefits.