bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the geochemistry of gold in Bulgarian coals
Authors: Eskenazi Greta
Published: February 2023

In 10 Bulgarian coal deposits studied the content of gold varies from 3.8 to 171 ppb in ash and from 0.7 to 33 ppb in coal. For some of the deposits the sorption ash is a concentrator of gold. The coal lithotypes and especially the isolated vitrain lenses are often enriched in gold in comparision to the whole coal samples. On the basis of own data, as well as of analysed data from certain published papers the presence of Auorg (Aubio included) and Auinorg is assumed. The higher content of gold in coal of some deposits is due to the following gold-bearing source areas: the Madjarovo gold field (for the Vâlče Pole coal deposit), gold-bearing quartz veins (for the Meden Buk deposit), goldbearing placers (for the Pernik coal basin) and the influence of the marine transgression (for the Burgas basin).
Configuration of the deep geophysical discontinuities beneath the territory of Bulgaria
Authors: Shanov Stefan , Kostadinov Iavor
Published: February 2023

All known data about the depth of the Mohorovičić and Conrad discontinuities and for the base of the lithosphere have been analysed for Bulgaria and the adjacent territories. Maps for these surfaces, as well as for the thicknesses of the layers between them have been constructed with the aid of professional and precisely tested mathematic algorithms. The physical nature of each geophysical surface is commented. The Moho discontinuity represents the lower boundary of the Earth's crust, and in our interpretation differs considerably from the maps published up to now. The Conrad discontinuity is considered as a physical boundary which is bounding rock volumes with different physico-mechanical properties due to change in the stress field in the rocks. This surface is not conformable to Moho. The lower boundary of the lithosphere determines the level of elevation of the asthenosphere into the upper mantle. The maps may be used for interpretation of the geological and geophysical information relative to the geodynamics, structure, magmatism and metamorphism of the lithosphere in this part of the Balkan Peninsula.
The Moho discontinuity on the Balkan Peninsula and some geodynamic problems
Authors: Riazkov Hristo
Published: February 2023

The scheme of Moho's relief is built on 104 points based on seismologic and DSS data. The regional and residual trends are determined for this relief. On the basis of their analysis and of a priori geological and geophysical information three models (diapir, microplate and subduction) of the Balkan peninsula are briefly examined.
Le Jurassique dans les Monts de Tiaret et de lʼOuarsenis occidental (Algérie). II. Paléogéographie
Authors: Tchoumatchenco Platon , Khrischev Khrischo
Published: February 2023

At the end of the Triassic and the very beginning of the Jurassic the region of the Monts de Tiaret and the Western Ouarsenis was a part of an emerged zone of Gondwana. The formation of the southern branch of the Tethys started during the Jurassic, when the region was situated at the limit between this southern branch of the Tethys (Tellian palaeogeographic Domain) and the margin of the platform of the High Plains (Tlemcenian palaeogeographie Domain) - transitional realm between Gondwana and Tethys. The region of the High Plains (Monts de Tiaret), northern part of the Tlemcenian paleogeography Domain subsided during pre-Callovian Jurassic times when the Tellian Domain was uplifted. Since Callovian time a tectonic inversion took place - the Tellian Domain started to subside, and at the end of the Early Cretaceous became a region with turbiditic sedimentation. During the Mid-Cretaceous (Austrian) tectogenesis the Tellian Domain subducted partially bellow the Tlemcenian Domain when the nappe outlier of Kei Sidi Amar was formed by backthrusting. It overthrusted the para-autochthonous region of the pics of Sra Sidi Abdelkader, Belkeiret and Rachael Alba, and structured the highest pic of Ouarsenis.
The rebound effect of teriflunomide: Case report
Authors:   Neurology Department, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey., Acir Ibrahim
Published: February 2023

Teriflunomide is one of the first-line treatment in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Cessation of medications can cause increased MS-related disease activity which has been characterized as rebound syndrome (RS). Rebound syndrome is not an expected syndrome when the drug is discontinued especially in first-line treatments. Teriflunomide therapy was discontinued in a twenty-five years old female patient due to pregnancy who was diagnosed with Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS). In the patient, clinical symptoms and radiological worsening were seen the 20th week after the cessation. We aimed to discuss through this case that immune system-modifying therapies can cause rebound syndrome, regardless of the mechanism.
Efektivitas Intervensi CAM (Yoga, Terapi Spiritual dan Terapi Musik) terhadap Kecemasan Pasien Kanker Payudara : A Systematic Review
Authors: Wabula Irfan , Nurmagandi Boby , Damayanti Risna
Published: February 2023

Latar Belakang: Wanita dengan diagnosis kanker payudara mengalami berbagai masalah yang yang ditunjukan dalam bentuk kecemasan. Kecemasan yang timbul akibat diagnosa kanker payudara jika tidak tertangani maka akan dapat secara signifikan mengurangi kualitas hidup (QoL) wanita kanker payudara dan mempengaruhi aktivitas kehidupan sehari-hari. Tujuan studi ini adalah menganalisis efektivitas intervensi complementary and alternative medicine (yoga, terapi spiritual dan terapi musik) terhadap kecemasan pada pasien kanker payudara. Metode: Systematic review ini mengakses lima database pencarian artikel, yaitu Scopus, EBSCO, ProQuest, Pubmed, dan Science Direct. Penilaian kualitas artikel menggunakan The Center for review and Dissemintaion and the Joanna Briggs Institute Guideline. Petunjuk penyusunan review menggunakan PRISMA checklist. Judul, abstrak, full-text dan metodologi dinilai untuk eligibilitas studi. Hasil: Sebanyak 25 artikel dianalisis. Desain artikel bervariasi. 19 artikel menggunakan Randomized Controlled Trial, 3 artikel Quasy Experimental, 3 artikel Pilot study. Intervensi yoga dan terapi spiritual efektif dilakukan secara berkelompok selama 60 menit setiap sesi dalam 6 minggu dengan dipandu oleh instruktur yang berkualifikasi. Intervensi terapi musik secara efektif dilakukan secara individual dengan mendengarkan musik yang telah dipilih selama 20-40 menit selama 2 kali sehari pada jam 6 pagi dan jam 9 malam selama 5 minggu. Kesimpulan: Terdapat 3 intervensi complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) yang dapat dijadikan alternatif dalam menurunkan kecemasan pada pasien kanker payudara yaitu yoga, terapi spiritual dan terapi musik. Intervensi CAM sangat penting menurunkan kecemasan pada pasien kanker payudara.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF KNOWLEDGE LEVELS ABOUT COVID-19 TO ANXIETY IN PREGNANT WOMEN IN LOK BAHU SAMARINDA VILLAGE
Authors: Purnamawaty Endang Wiwiek , Utami Sri
Published: February 2023

The corona-19 virus pandemic caused anxiety, especially in pregnant mothers, since the expectant mother is a high risk group for exposure to the corona virus, especially to the fetus it carries. One factor that reduces maternal anxiety is knowledge.

            The purpose of this study is to know the relation of the level of knowledge about covid-19 to the concerns of pregnant women in village Lok Bahu Samarinda. Research methods used are observational analytics using a sectional study design.

Research shows there is a link between the level of knowledge of covid-19 to anxiety in pregnant women with p value (0,039) > α (0,05), Age corresponds to anxiety in pregnant women with p value (0.901) > α (0,05),Level of education has nothing to do with anxiety in pregnant women with p value (0,0384)> α (0,05),No relation between paritas to anxiety in pregnant women with p value (0,210)> α (0,05),There's no relationship between work on anxiety in pregnant women and results p value (0,300)> α (0,05)
ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TEKANAN DARAH KARYAWAN OPERATOR TAMBANG DI TENGGARONG SEBERANG
Authors: Ismiati Theresia Tutik
Published: February 2023

Hipertensi merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang cukup berbahaya di seluruh dunia karena hipertensi merupakan faktor risiko utama gejala peningkatan tekanan darah yang dapat menyebabkan stroke dan penyakit jantung koroner. Jumlah penyandang hipertensi meningkat setiap tahunnya, diperkirakan pada tahun 2025 akan ada 1,5 Miliar orang yang terkena hipertensi, dan diperkirakkan setiap tahunnya 9,4 juta orang meninggal akibat hipertensi dan komplikasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui seberapa besar faktor resiko hipertensi yang meliputi usia, obesitas, dan kadar kolesterol total dapat mempengaruhi tekanan darah karyawan operator tambang di Tenggarong Seberang. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian non eksperimen menggunakan desain deskripsi korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini adalah karyawan tambang yaitu operator HD dan Dozer berjumlah 30 orang, data diambil dari rekam medis medical cek up tahun 2020, dianalisis menggunakan chisquere. Hasil analisis menunjukkan hasil faktor usia, kadar kolesterol dan obesitas berpengaruh terhadap kejadian hipertensi pada karyawan yaitu usia (p=0,042), kadar kolesterol (p=0,017) dan obesitas (p=0,032). Usia atau umur merupakan salah satu faktor resiko terjadinya hipertensi yang tidak dapat diubah.
U.S. TRADE STRATEGY (1890-1909): PROTECTION AT HOME VERSUS FREE TRADE ABROAD
Authors:   University of Craiova, Faculty of Social Sciences, History Specialization, Rizescu Marilena
Published: February 2023

American trade strategy is defined by a combination of economic interest groups and competition between political parties. In the economic acts passed by Congress the almost infinitely divisible nature of the tariff, which often allowed the charges to be tailored to particular producers, created a norm of mutual noninterference and a process of legislative award in which virtually all claimants could be satisfied. As a result, the American tariff aimed for equality and uniformity in universally applied taxes. The role of political parties fluctuates depending on the interest group. The Republicans, who had an electoral base in the Northeast and Midwest, were identified as the party of protection, and the Democrats, relying increasingly on the traditionally trade-dependent South, asserted themselves as the party of free trade. From this perspective, tariff fluctuations were explained by changes in party dominance. There were multiple rapid and dramatic changes in American trade strategy; after the Civil War and before 1887, the United States was a relatively passive and highly protectionist nation-state. The rates set were high, non-negotiable and non-discriminatory. The transition from America's passive protectionism of the mid-19th century to its active liberalism of the mid-20th represents an extreme turning point. During the period 1890-1909, there was no unidirectional position regarding American trade strategy on a regular or periodic basis. Rather, trade strategy oscillated and was inferred from debates over tariff policy, the central trade issue of the age and the main instrument through which the strategy was implemented. Trade strategy is, however, different and more general than tariff policy; two (or more) tariff acts may differ in their details, but reflect a single commercial strategy. During this period, five tariff acts were passed by Congress: McKinley Tariff (1890), Wilson-Gorman Tariff (1894), Dingley Tariff (1897) and Payne-Aldrich Tariff (1909).
Caracterización mecánica de tipologías de muros fabricados con madera aserrada estructural de Pino radiata, arriostrados con tableros contrachapados y sometidos a carga lateral cíclica reversible
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile), Catalán L. Jorge , Vásquez V. Luis , Mardones Díaz Pablo , Campos P. Raúl , Hernández C. Gonzalo
Published: February 2023

Desde sus inicios el Instituto Forestal (INFOR) ha estudiado las maderas provenientes de los bosques nativos y las plantaciones, determinando sus propiedades físicas y mecánicas y sus aptitudes de uso. Más recientemente ha prestado especial atención a la madera aserrada estructural destinada a la fabricación de componentes constructivos con valor agregado. Este estudio permite determinar las capacidades admisibles de tipologías de muro sometidos a cargas de corte, fabricados con madera aserrada estructural de pino radiata y tableros contrachapados, considerando las restricciones a la deformación que señalan la normativa nacional y americana.
Chick’n fiber: Development of breading mix using banana (Musa sapientum var. lacatan) peel as a good source of dietary fiber
Authors: Jayvee Perez Clemor  , Shaila Mari Imbuedo Deloso  , Areve Clarence Serrano De Vera  , Crizia Angeli Engo Sulatra  , Jasmine Mary Corrine Amurao Uy  , Daniel Gacutan Salunga  , Florimae Espinosa Paimalan  , Ailyn Mae Kuan-Del Rio
Published: February 2023

Banana is one of the fruit crops that is mainly consumed and produced in the Philippines. As a result, banana peels (BPs) are neglected as waste. Furthermore, numerous studies have investigated and stated that BPs are a good source of dietary fiber (DF). The aim of the study was to develop a breading mix (BM), determine the most acceptable formulation of BM with BPs, and evaluate its nutrient and microbiological content. One (1) control commercial BM and three (3) BMs with different formulations, including the substitution of all-purpose flour (APF) with partially fine-dried banana peel (PFDBP) for 25%, 30%, and 35% in the production of the BM formulation, were tested in terms of nutrient and microbiological content. For sensory evaluation, Quantitative Descriptive Analysis was conducted by eleven (11) trained panelists and the Consumer Acceptability Test was facilitated by fifty (50) untrained panelists using the 9-point hedonic scale, utilizing chicken breast fillet as a carrier. The statistical treatments used were weighted mean and one-factor repeated measures analysis of variance. The BM formulations produced were all found to be high in total dietary fiber (TDF), except for the control. Hence, it was proven that BPs are a suitable dietary source for BM formulations. Furthermore, the BM with DF had a lower fat content than the control due to its low oil-holding capacity, which is beneficial with fried foods. Apart from color, all the BM samples tested on pan-fried chicken breast fillets were comparable to the control's sensory characteristics. Therefore, the most favorable sample was BM A, which contains a 25% substitution of APF with PFDBP, as it has shown an impressive result regarding TDF, fat and microbiological analysis, and evaluation in terms of its sensory attributes.
صعوبات تنفيذ برامج التنمية المهنية للقيادات المدرسية في محافظة المهرة ومتطلبات تطويرها
Authors: السليمي حمود بن سعيد مسلم
Published: February 2023

هدفت الدراسة إلى تحديد صعوبات برامج التنمية المهنية للقيادات المدرسية بمحافظة المهرة، ومتطلبات تطويرها، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي المسحي، إذ تكوَّن المجتمع من جميع مديري ووكلاء المدارس في التعليم العام الحكومي في محافظة المهرة للعام 1438/1439هـ البالغ عددهم (312) منهم (158) مديرًا و(154) وكيلًا، وتمثلت عينة الدراسة في كامل مجتمع الدراسة، وُزِعت عليهم استبانة مكوَّنة من (29) عبارة، إضافة إلى (20) خبيرًا من خبراء التنمية المهنية تم إجراء مقابلة معهم، وبعد إجراء التحليلات الإحصائية المناسبة توصلت الدراسة إلى النتائج الآتية: أن صعوبات تنفيذ برامج التنمية المهنية للقيادات المدرسية في محافظة المهرة جاءت بدرجة عالية، وأن درجة متطلبات تطوير برامج التنمية المهنية جاءت بدرجة أهمية عالية، كما توصلت الدراسة إلى عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في متوسط إجابات القيادات المدرسية تعزى لمتغير: الجنس، والمسمى، الوظيفي.
The mechanism of Mecke’s test for opioids
Authors: Francisco Sánchez-Viesca  , Reina Gómez
Published: February 2023

Mecke colour test is an official assay for opioids, either for opium or for purified compounds. It employs a solution of selenious acid in sulphuric acid. However, organoselenium chemistry was misunderstood for many years. The reaction mechanism involving selenium (IV) compounds was explained by way of electron back donation, which is a theoretical contravention. In this communication we provide the reactions that take place during this test. Each step is fully commented and the electron flow is given. The reaction proceeds by way of an enol selenite. Acidolysis gives rise to a reduced selenium (II) intermediate and an activated ketone at C-2, that is, a redox reaction with polarity inversion. Addition of selenious acid and further electron shifts affords morphine ortho-quinone and elemental selenium.
Una mirada crítica del uso y abuso de la prisión preventiva en el Perú y América Latina: ¿medida excepcional o una regla?
Authors: Soto Llerena Valentín Rodolfo
Published: February 2023

1. Consideraciones generales; 2. La prisión preventiva; 2.1. Los presupuestos materiales de la prisión preventiva; 2.1.1. Existencia de fundados y graves elementos de convicción (prueba suficiente); 2.1.2. Prognosis de pena; 2.1.3. Peligro procesal; 2.2. La naturaleza jurídica de la prisión preventiva: ¿medida cautelar o anticipo de pena?; 3. La prisión preventiva ¿una excepción o una regla?; 4. Las consecuencias psicológicas de la cárcel en las personas privadas preventivamente; 5. Una mirada crítica del uso y abuso de la prisión preventiva en América Latina; 6. Los problemas del sistema penitenciario peruano a causa del uso desmedido de la prisión preventiva
السمات الإيقاعية الخارجية في القصيدة "لأنك خير خلق الله حقا" لأحمد نناوي: دراسة تحليلية عروضية
Authors: Mohammed Hafees Mohammed Shareef , Mohamed Saleem Mohamed Sultan , Mohamed Mahsoom Abdul Rauff
Published: February 2023

تعدّ الدراسة العروضية من أهم الظواهر التي أخذت حيزا كبيرا في صفحة الدراسات الأدبية، نظرا لتركيزها على البنية التي يعتمد عليها قوام الشعر العربي، في حين أنها الركيزة الوحيدة في تحريك الإيقاع الخارجي للقصائد العربية، ولهذا فإن هذه الدراسة ستتطرق إلى الكشف عن السمات الجمالية الناتجة عن العروض والقوافي في القصيدة "لأنك خير خلق الله حقا" للشاعر أحمد نناوي، استنادا إلى المنهج التحليلي الذي يقوم بتحليل القصيدة في ضوء ما ذهب إليه علم العروض والقافية. وتوصلت هذه الدراسة إلى أن الشاعر استثمر البعد الإيقاعي الذي يوفره البحر الوافر من حد ذاته، بجانب تقوية البنية الإيقاعية من خلال استخدام زحاف العصب والتقطيع العروضي، وذلك في تسليط الضوء على الهدف المنشود من نظم هذه القصيدة التي صبتها أقلام الشاعر إشادةً بالنبي ﷺ من حيث الدفاع عنه، وردّا عن التصريحات التي وُجِّهت إليه من طرف بعض المتطرفين، كما أن الشاعر أصبح موفقا في اختيار حرف اللام المضموم روياً، وبناءِ عناصرِ القافية ما يرتفع بالقصيدة إلى الكثافة الإيقاعية العليا، مما يؤكد أن الشاعر أبدع إبداعات توافق ما اقتضت طبيعة المعالجة في القصيدة.
IN SILICO EVALUATION OF PYRAZOLE AND TRIAZINE CONTAINING PYRIDOPYRIMIDINES
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, NITTE (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Mangalore – 575 018, Karnataka, India, Shetty Chaithra R. , Mendonca Valentina , Shastry Chakrakodi S. , Murugeshwari Vidya , Lamare Walarisa
Published: February 2023

Cancer, seen as one of the highly prevelant life endangering diseases today, is mainly associated with the lifestyle led by the population at risk. The superficial observation seen in cancer is the uncontrollable growth and dispersion of abnormal cells. Statistically, the number of patients who receive chemotherapy has been soaring high, which has drawn attention towards development of more reliable and less toxic cytotoxic agents. In the present work, hybrid structure of pyridopyrimidine substituted with pyrazole and triazine in individual turns is studied. Pyridopyrimidines are ortho fused bicyclic heterocyclic structures constituted by the amalgam of a pyridine and a pyrimidine ring. In silico studies with molecular docking was performed to filter best compounds out the 16 different derivatives. Most of the compounds showed satisfactory results for the in silico screening. In case of docking, among all the screened compounds, 1d, 1o, 2d and 2j showed best affinity towards 2EUF while 1n, 1o, 2g and 2h showed best binding towards 5FWK. On that account, these compounds may have a potential cytotoxic effect and hence could be utilized for further studies and explorations of their properties.
ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF CIPROFLOXACIN HCL AND OLOPATADINE HCL IN BULK DRUG AND FORMULATION BY RP-HPLC METHOD
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM, Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle, Mumbai – 400 056, Maharashtra, India, Momin Munira M. , Shaikh Darakhshan A.
Published: February 2023

A reverse phase chromatography technique to simultaneously estimate ciprofloxacin HCl and olopatadine HCl as bulk drugs and in formulation has been developed. The chromatographic separation of drugs and formulation was accomplished on C18 Agilent Zorbax column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) using acetonitrile: TFA water (40:60, V/V). A 10 µL volume was injected with flow rate 1 mL min-1, and peaks were detected. The retention periods for ciprofloxacin HCl and olopatadine HCl were 2.92 and 5.10 minutes respectively. The method was linear in the concentration ranges 24-36 µg mL-1 and 56- 84 µg mL-1 for ciprofloxacin HCl and olopatadine HCl, with regression coefficient correlation values of 0.9999 and 0.9996, respectively. Relative standard deviation of precision, accuracy, and ruggedness was below 2 %. Forced degradation studies were performed under different conditions which were in an admissible range. The established method was simple, accurate, and precise. Therefore, it can be applied for the routine quantification and degradation of these drugs and formulation.
Impact of climate-smart maize varieties on household income among smallholder farmers in Kenya: The case of Embu County
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya., K. Wanjira* John , I. Mburu John ,   Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya., M. Nzuve Felister ,   Department of Crop Protection, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, Makokha Stella ,   Department of Socio-Economics, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Nairobi, Kenya, A. Emongor Rosemary ,   Department of Socio-Economics, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Nairobi, Kenya., Taracha Catheline ,   Department of Biotechnology, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Nairobi, Kenya
Published: February 2023

Variability in climate and debility in soil fertility affect agrarian production, especially in subSaharan Africa, and thus threaten food security. This has prompted the seed sector to introduce various varieties of climate-smart maize in Kenya and release them in the market. In contrast, there is little experiential insight into how the adoption of these varieties by small-scale farmers affects their household income. This paper used cross-sectional data to evaluate the implications of climatesmart maize varieties on small-scale farmers’ household income in Embu County in Kenya. The endogenous switching regression model was used to estimate the influence of climate-smart maize adoption on household income. Based on survey data obtained from 550 maize farmers in Embu County, the results show that age, education, land under climate-smart maize varieties, and distance to the market positively influenced the income level of the adopters. The findings further reveal that the decision to adopt the climate-smart maize varieties had a significant positive effect of about 60% on farmers’ household income. It therefore can be concluded from the results that the adopters would gain more from technology adoption. These results recommend policies that stimulate the adoption
GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES FOR YIELD AND WITHIN BOLL YIELD COMPONENTS IN COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.)
Authors: NADEEM A , SHAKEEL A , IMTIAZ M , KHALID MN , AMJAD I
Published: February 2023

Cotton is a prominent fiber crop all across the world, including Pakistan.. But the production of cotton is relatively low in Pakistan. As boll is the basic determinant for yield in cotton crop, the study on within boll yield parameters was carried out using twenty exotic accessions of cotton to check their variability for within boll yield components. The experiment was performed at the research area of the department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The genotypes were seeded in three replications following randomized complete block design (RCBD). At maturity, data were collected for different within boll yield parameters. The analysis of variance showed significant results for nine out of eleven parameters studied. Principal component analysis revealed that genotype ZB-18015 showed maximum variation with respect to all parameters because it was at a maximum distance from the origin followed by genotype ZB-18020, ZB-18019 and ZB-18018 respectively. Cluster analysis identified particular groups of genotypes that were having maximum similarity with each other. In addition, the findings of the current study revealed the potential of different accessions of cotton for development of high yielding varieties. This information may be used to devise breeding strategies in the future to enhance cotton production and variety development.
The Bethlen-Haller Castle of Cetatea de Baltă. A Renaissance Fortified Noble Residence in Transylvania
Authors:   Facultatea de Istorie și Filosofie, Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, P. Kovács Klára
Published: February 2023

Our study aims to reconstruct the history and the appearance of the noble residence of Cetatea de Baltă from the sixteenth‑century mansion to the Jidvei company residence. The research is based on unpublished or scarcely exploited sources, such as the historical inventories of the estate. A manor house preceded the present castle, that in the sixteenth century belonged to the Patócsi and Kendi families, and later to noblemen from the princes’ entourage: Pongrác Sennyei, Menyhárt Bogáthi, János Petki, István Bethlen of Iktár. The latter commissioned the construction of the present castle from 1622 onwards, taking advantage of skilled craftsmen ‘borrowed’ from the princely court of his brother. In 1758, the estate was bought by members of the Bethlen of Beclean family. Miklós Bethlen conducted the Baroque‑style refurbishment of the castle: the construction of a new entrance hall and stairway, a gatehouse and a chapel on two levels in the rear part of the castle. The building has a compact, symmetrical Renaissance layout, without an inner courtyard, fitted with four round towers on the corners. Our sources reveal fresh details of the castle’s functions and interior decoration. The building stands out among the Transylvanian Renaissance residences for its exceptional height of five levels, recalling medieval donjons. The cellars and the ground floor served as storerooms, dungeon and chambers for some of the estate officials. The owners’ chambers were on the first and second floors, as well as the state rooms. The last floor served defensive purposes. The typology of the fortified castles with compact layout derives from Italian Renaissance treatises taken up and adapted north of the Alps, where the defensive elements, although not very effective, still dominated the appearance of the residences of this type. The closest analogies, that preceded the construction of Cetatea de Baltă, are Țopa, the ‘lower castle’ of Sânmiclăuș in Transylvania, and Dolná Mičiná and Kéked in the north of the former Hungarian Kingdom.
Remedial Conservation of Mummified Birds, Animals and Human Remains from the Egyptian Collection of the National Museum of Transylvanian History
Authors:   Muzeul Național de Istorie a Transilvaniei, Cluj-Napoca, Cova Ioana
Published: February 2023

The aim of this paper is to give an account of the remedial conservation treatments which were undertaken on the animal and bird mummies, as well as on mummified human parts from the Egyptian collection of the National Museum of Transylvanian History in Cluj‑Napoca, while considering the conservation‑restoration standards (minimum interventions on the object) as well as the objects’ history.
Development of the Droplet Digital PCR Method for the Detection and Quantification of Erwinia pyrifoliae
Authors: He Lin , Kim Seong Hwan , Yu Jun Myoung
Published: February 2023

Black shoot blight disease caused by Erwinia pyrifoliae has serious impacts on quality and yield in pear production in Korea; therefore, rapid and accurate methods for its detection are needed. However, traditional detection methods require a great deal of time and fail to achieve absolute quantification. In the present study, we developed a droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) method for the detection and absolute quantification of E. pyrifoliae using a pair of species-specific primers. The detection range was 103 - 107 copies/ml (DNA templates) and cfu/ml (cell culture templates). This new method exhibited good linearity and repeatability and was validated by absolute quantification of E. pyrifoliae DNA copies from samples of artificially inoculated immature pear fruits. Here, we present the first study of ddPCR assay for the detection and quantification of E. pyrifoliae. This method has potential applications in epidemiology and for the early prediction of black shoot blight outbreaks.
Introducing Teaching English to Young (Preschool) Learners in Kazakhstan
Authors: Zhetpisbayeva Bakhytgul A. , Uteubayeva Elmira A. , Shelestova Tatyana Yu. , Kokhanover Tatyana A.
Published: February 2023

The modernization of education demands the implementation of a course of English in preschool institutions. The process of early English teaching demands theoretical justification and also working out of its educational and methodical maintenance. It is necessary to take into account Kazakhstan multilingualism, that is parallel studying of several languages functioning in a multiethnic educational space. The aim of the investigation was monitoring of English teaching quality and investigation problems at this level of education. In this article, the authors consider a question of the introduction of English teaching to young learners in the conditions of trilingual education. The questionnaire offered to respondents contained questions directed at studying of the process of introduction of teaching in English in preschool institutions. The analyses of the questionnaire data of teachers helped to elicit some problems. The most significant problem is the lack of qualified staff in preschool institutions. The article is based on the result of the interview held with English teachers of preschool institutions in the Karaganda region. As result, the conducted research contributed to the development of English teaching to preschool children. The analyses of the questionnaire allowed revealing the positive attitude of teachers towards the process of introduction of early English teaching in preschool institutions in the context of trilingual education.
Towards Enhancing Effective Participation of Reluctant EFL Students in Presentation Sessions at Qassim University
Authors: Mohammed Abdulghani Eissa Tour
Published: February 2023

The current paper's objective is to determine why some EFL students at Qassim University, KSA, find it difficult to give their public presentations demanded by some departments’ curricula as a college requirement. Recently, the author observed that some EFL students are very reluctant to participate in public speaking sessions until the allotted time expires although they know that they are going to lose grades at the end of the day for not participating. A quantitative research methodology is used to acquire the data. A questionnaire containing (17) items was designed and distributed to a sample of (52) EFL students representing the total number of students enrolled in two theoretical linguistic courses during the academic year (1443 -1444). After collecting and analysing the data, the study showed that some students feel shy and intentionally avoid public speech in EFL classes because they come with hardly negligible experiences in public speech when enrolled as tertiary-level students.
Feasibility of Capturing Orthopaedic Trauma Research Outcomes Using Personal Mobile Devices
Authors: Patterson Joseph T. , Duong Andrew , Becerra Jacob A. , Nakata Haley
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Patients with orthopaedic trauma are frequently lost to follow-up. Personal mobile devices have been used to ascertain clinical research outcomes. The prevalence of mobile device ownership, use patterns, and attitudes about research among patients with orthopaedic trauma would inform clinical research strategies in this population.

Methods:

A total of 1,434 consecutive unique adults scheduled for an orthopaedic trauma outpatient clinic from December 2019 through February 2020 at a metropolitan level 1 trauma center were identified. Associations of demographic data with clinic attendance and mobile phone registration were explored by logistic regression. One hundred one patients attending clinic were then prospectively surveyed from June 2021 through August 2021 about housing stability, personal mobile device ownership, capabilities, use patterns, and openness to communicating via the device with for orthopaedic care and research.

Results:

The prevalence of personal mobile device ownership was 91% by registration data and 90% by a survey. Ninety-nine percent of survey respondents with mobile devices reported cell service always or most of the time. Ninety-three percent kept their devices charged always or most of the time. Ninety-two percent reported e-mail access. Eighty-three percent reported video capability. Ninety-one percent would communicate with their orthopaedic trauma care team by text message. Eighty-seven percent would answer research questions by phone call, 79% by text, and 61% by video. Eighty-five percent reported stable housing, which was not associated with mobile device ownership or use, but was associated with clinic nonattendance (29% vs. 66%, P < 0.01) and changing phone number at least once in the previous year (28% vs. 58%, P = 0.04).

Discussion:

Personal mobile devices represent a feasible platform for screening and collecting outcomes from patients with orthopaedic trauma. Nine in 10 patients own personal mobile devices, keep them charged, have text and e-mail service, and would use the device to participate in research. Housing instability was not associated with mobile device ownership or use patterns.
Numerical Analysis of The Wire-Meshed Net Anchoraged
Authors: Putra Riski Purwana , Limam Ali , Iranata Data
Published: February 2023

The rockfall hazard in areas such as mountainous regions, quarries and mines needs to be well managed. This is essential in order to avoid fatalities, damage to infrastructure and production losses. Preventing all rockfall events is almost impossible, but the installation of rockfall protection systems is a common and effective way to control the hazard. The installation of wire-meshed net anchored is a possible solution to prevent slippage of landslide of the surface layers. This paper will be focused on the study of numerical modeling, using finite element analysis software, ABAQUS, of double-twisted hexagonal wire-meshed net anchoraged which has been developed by the French-based company, GTS. The objective is to analyze several configurations and performances of wire-meshed nets, cables. As final result, we will comparing between the experiment and numerical modeling analysis.
A EXPERIMENTAÇÃO E A FÍSICA DO COTIDIANO COMO INSTRUMENTO FACILITADOR DO PROCESSO DE ENSINO APRENDIZAGEM
Authors: Medeiros Karem Karennine Lopes , E Silva Jusciane da Costa , De Medeiros Subênia Karine
Published: February 2023

A metodologia adotada por muitas escolas para a disciplina de física resulta no corpo discente a sensação de que todo o conhecimento por ela transmitido não está contido no seu cotidiano, ou pertence a uma realidade totalmente diferente da sua, resultando em questionamentos sobre o porquê se deve aprender aquele conteúdo e sua utilização na vida. Essa situação é agravada quando são tratados assuntos considerados abstratos, como é o caso do eletromagnetismo. Diante disso, este trabalho de pesquisa surge como uma pesquisa-ação qualitativa, com o intuito de analisar o uso de uma metodologia diferenciada, que engloba experimentação e a relação do eletromagnetismo com o cotidiano discente e a dialogicidade, no processo de ensino aprendizagem dos conceitos iniciais de eletromagnetismo. Para isso, foram realizadas rodas de conversas entre discentes e docente, e experimentação de baixo custo, além de um questionário aplicado. Foi possível perceber o papel fundamental que a dialogicidade e a contextualização do ensino tem para o grupo de discentes, uma vez que aguça sua curiosidade para o assunto e estimula sua busca pelo conhecimento científico, permitindo compreender como a física impacta na sua vida, além de evidenciar que a experimentação tem um importante papel no auxílio da visualização dos fenômenos e em como compreendê-los.
Architecture of Counterrevolution: The French Army in Northern Algeria
Authors: Henni Samia
Published: February 2023

After over 120 years of French colonial rule in Algeria, the growing aspirations for independence culminated in the Algerian Revolution of 1954, which lasted until 1962. In order to combat the uprisings, the French civilian and military authorities reorganized the entire territory of the country, swiftly erected new infrastructures and pursued building policies that were ultimately intended to stabilize French dominance in Algeria. The study describes the architectural responses undertaken in the midst of this protracted and bloody armed conflict. It analyses their origins, evolutions and objectives, identifies the actors involved and reveals the underlying design methods.
Traumatic blunt urethral injuries in females: A retrospective study of the National Trauma Data Bank
Authors: Song Eric , Shah Areeb , Culhane John , Siddiqui Sameer
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Female blunt urethral injury (FBUI) is much less common than in males. Due to this rarity, studies of FBUI are largely confined to smaller case series. This study analyzes circumstances associated with FBUI and its contribution to mortality in greater detail.
Methods: Using the National Trauma Data Bank, we analyzed predictors of FBUI, and tested FBUI as a predictor of mortality. Univariate analysis used Chi-squared for categorical data and T-test for continuous data. Multivariate analysis used multiple logistic regression.
Results: A total of 245 (0.021%) of 1 185 904 female blunt trauma patients sustained FBUI, vs. 2242 (0.145%) for males (p<0.001). Eighty-seven FBUIs (0.097%) occurred under age 16 vs. 153 (0.016%) in older patients (p<0.001). FBUI was more common with motorcycle (n=14, 0.203%), bicycle (n=11, 0.110%), and automobile vs. pedestrian accidents (n=47, 0.146%) than falls (n=72, 0.011%) or automobile accidents (n=61, 0.029%) (p<0.001). FBUI occurred in 114 (0.011%) patients with Injury Severity Score (ISS) <15 vs. 131 (0.091%) with ISS >15 (p<0.001). Slightly more than half (56.7%) of FBUI occurred with pelvic fractures. Age (odds ratio [OR] 0.95, p<0.001), injury severity (OR 1.05, p<0.001), auto vs. pedestrian (OR 4.1, p<0.001), motorcycle crashes (OR 6.9, p<0.001), and bicycle crashes (OR 3.9, p<0.001) independently predicted FBUI. A total of 9.4% of FBUI patients died vs. 2.5% without FBUI (p<0.001). The association of FBUI with death was not significant on multivariate analysis.
Conclusions: FBUI is more prevalent in young patients with high-force direct trauma. FBUI is not an independent predictor of mortality, suggesting that it is a marker of severe injury rather than a direct cause of death.
Аналіз тенденцій та перспектив залучення іноземних інвестицій в умовах економіки війни
Authors: Панкова Л. І. , Камалова-Кутинець О. М.
Published: February 2023

Досліджено тенденції та перспективи залучення іноземних інвестицій в умовах економіки війни. Систематизовано ключові негативні та проблемні фактори впливу на процес залучення інвестицій в розвиток економіки України, серед яких відзначено функціонування економіки в умовах війни, відсутність системи гарантування та захисту іноземних інвестицій на рівні держави. Доведено, що потенційні інвестори обирають стратегію очікування та спостереження за змінами які відбуваються в частині реформування української інвестиційної системи з урахуванням як воєнних факторів, так і довоєнних недоліків. Досліджено сприятливі передумови для залучення іноземних інвестицій, серед яких: активна зовнішня політика керівництва держави, що проявляється у знакових політичних та економічних подіях для України; активна та багатостороння підтримка світових лідерів та країн у протистоянні України російській агресії; авторитет Президента України на світовій арені; реформи судової та податкової системи України; активний пошук сучасних платформ та інноваційних інструментів для залучення іноземних інвестицій.
Концептуальні положення забезпечення стратегічного розвитку інфраструктури цифрової економіки в Україні
Authors: Котелевець Д. О.
Published: February 2023

Розвиток цифрової економіки в країні неможливий без розвитку її інфраструктури. Саме розвинута інфраструктура сприяє активній розробці та використанню цифрових технологій в економічній сфері, формує попит на такі технології серед суб’єктів господарювання. Інфраструктура є об’єктивно необхідною для активного проходження процесу цифровізації суспільства, включаючи й національну економіку. Розвиток інфраструктури не може бути одномоментним з позиції формування сприятливих умов для розбудови цифрової економіки. Такий розвиток повинен бути збалансованим та відповідати основному вектору економічного розвитку країни. У зв’язку з цим актуальними є питання формування умов для стратегічного розвитку інфраструктури цифрової економіки. Саме такий розвиток може забезпечити поступове зростання національної економіки на основі активного використання та проникнення сучасних інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій у всі сфери та галузі господарства країни. У статті конкретизовано сутність стратегічного розвитку інфраструктури цифрової економіки. Це реалізовано на основі аналізу наукових концепцій щодо розгляду сутності категорії «стратегія». Також було обґрунтовано особливості такого розвитку.
Модель підвищення ефективності функціонування будівельного комплексу України
Authors: Андрусів С. В.
Published: February 2023

У роботі запропоновано модель підвищення ефективності функціонування будівельного комплексу України, в якій  сформовані стратегічні цілі, важелі впливу держави та напрями вдосконалення галузевої структури будівельної  галузі. Доведено, що забезпечення ефективного функціонування будівельної галузі та її розвиток є одним із найважливіших факторів економічного добробуту України та прискорення інноваційного розвитку багатьох сфер матеріального виробництва у післявоєнний період. Встановлено, що пріоритетним завданням держави у сфері регулювання розвитку будівельної галузі є не просто вироблення й реалізація концепції розвитку самої галузі, але й формування такого бізнес-середовища, в якому розвиток будівельного комплексу буде протікати поступально, стабільно й з найменшими втратами. Виявлено взаємозв’язок будівельної галузі з іншими галузями національної економіки. Виокремлено напрями, які сприятимуть стратегічному розвитку будівельної галузі в повоєнний період. Запропоновані напрями сформовано за наступними складовими, зокрема: економічної, соціальної, екологічної та організаційно-технічної.
Методологічні засади дослідження управління конфліктами в організації
Authors: Городняк І. В.
Published: February 2023

Стаття присвячена формуванню методологічних засад дослідження управління конфліктами. Окреслено сутність конфлікту як важливої складової взаємодії людей у суспільстві та інших соціальних утвореннях. Обґрунтовано сутність та узагальнено наукові погляди до трактування конфлікту. Визначено суть конфлікту як соціального феномену, його ознаки та основні підходи до вивчення конфліктів в соціогуманітарних науках. Розглянуто історичну ретроспективу формування наукових підходів щодо трактування конфліктів. Визначено змістовні положення соціологічних та психологічних теорій щодо вивчення конфліктів. Проаналізовано особливості трактування конфлікту в межах психологічної теорії. Окреслено інтрапсихічну (особистісну) інтерпретацію конфліктів, ситуативний та когнітивний підходи щодо вивчення конфлікту. Визначено позитивні та негативні функції конфлікту. Окреслено позитивні та негативні наслідки конфліктів на прикладі організації.
Вектори перспективного розвитку регіонів України в повоєнний період
Authors: Білик А. В. , Бакалінська А. О. , Мартінович П. Г.
Published: February 2023

Доведено, що відновлювати економіку України від наслідків суспільно-політичної, фінансово-економічної, екологічної та демографічної криз слід з рівня регіону. Наголошено на тому, що Україна понесла дуже високі втрати від воєнної агресії сусідньої країни. Систематизовано за групами та надано змістовну характеристику основним проблемним ситуаціям та негативним наслідкам від війни для економіки України. Доведено, що кожен регіон буде потребувати певних унікальних рішень та підходів до відновлення власної життєдіяльності. Сформульовано загальні вимоги, виконання яких збільшить шанси на перспективний розвиток економіки всіх регіонів країни у більш короткий термін часу. Обґрунтовано вектори, орієнтація на які вже сьогодні дозволить регіонам України досягти більш швидкого відновлення у повоєнний період.
Обліково-аналітичне забезпечення як інструментарій управління економічним розвитком підприємства
Authors: Яремко І. Й.
Published: February 2023

Розкрито значимість і наведено проблемні аспекти ціле орієнтованої системи обліково-аналітичного забезпечення в управлінні  конкретними процесами на підприємстві. Досліджено зміст, складові та функціональну спрямованість обліково-аналітичних систем як управлінського інструментарію забезпечення економічного розвитку підприємства. Обґрунтовано необхідність створення на вітчизняних підприємствах адаптивної до економічних умов інформаційно-аналітичної системи  з конкретно вираженим критерієм (показником) як орієнтиром для ціле орієнтованої підсистеми управління. Аргументовано напрямки удосконалення (адаптацію) концепції обліково-аналітичного забезпечення управління потенціалом  підприємства. Сформульовано базові засади цієї системи на основі показника економічної доданої вартості як орієнтиру для управління економічним розвитком вітчизняних підприємств в  економічному просторі повоєнної відбудови національного господарства.
SIMM RISK ALLOCATION
Authors: Riposo Julien
Published: February 2023

The aim of this paper is to derive an analytical framework for calculating IM contributions and discuss some applications
Peter Carr In Memoriam
Authors: Poulsen Rolf
Published: February 2023

Taking a look at what first introduced the author to Peter Carr�s work; his 1990 paper with Robert Jarrow on the stop-loss start-gain paradox
Cryptocurrencies � Hype or Here to Stay?
Authors: Meissner G
Published: February 2023

Cryptocurrencies are an innovative alternative to the traditional banking system. Currently the primary application is the execution and verification of financial transactions. Arguably the most valuable property of cryptocurrencies is the underlying Blockchain technology, a decentralized ledger, which executes and verifies financial transactions without an expensive and slow intermediary. Bitcoin increased from $354 in 2016 to $67,500 in November 2021, so there is definitely a hype. Cryptocurrencies need a big network to fend off criminal 51% network attacks. Therefore, only a few cryptocurrencies will survive, but those will be a disruptive technology, challenging the existing banking system.