bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Devoted, Caring, and Home loving: A Chinese Portrayal of Western Masculinity in Transnational Cyberspace Romance
Authors: Liu Monica
Published: April 2017

Discussions of cross-border marriages between women from developing countries and men from economically advanced countries often focus on the objectification of women, while the process through which men are presented as “marriageable entities” is rarely examined. In this article, I explore the case of China, where middle-aged, divorced women are seeking second-chance marriages with Western men via international cyber-dating agencies. Contrary to the stereotypical portrayal of Western men as rich and powerful in the Chinese media, many of the Western men enrolled at the cyber-dating agencies I am studying earn a modest income. I analyze the agencies’ portrayal of their Western male clients as caring, family oriented, and worthy of marrying despite their lack of wealth. Results from this article show that masculinity is fluid, malleable, and continuously being reconstructed in accordance with the changing demographic and socioeconomic patterns of the globalizing world.
Ritual ecology
Authors: McGraw John J , Krátký Jan
Published: April 2017

In agreement with ‘the material turn’ in the humanities and social sciences and informed by psychological studies of priming, the authors argue that human action can be deeply influenced by objects and other features of the environment coordinated by ritual practices. They suggest that the moods and behaviors catalyzed by an effective ritual result from a ‘mangle’ of human and material agencies. But this mangle is not the result of an accidental fusion of disparate elements; rather, they consider it a complex adaptive system in which the organic and inorganic interact in such a way that each component provides some of the necessary conditions for the others’ activities. In line with this, there is a need to identify the reciprocally causal relationships among people, places, plants, animals, stones, relics, icons and idols that constitute ritual, an approach they call ‘ritual ecology’.
Self-stigma, insight, and family burden among Israeli mothers of people with serious mental illness: Ethno-national considerations
Authors: Zisman-Ilani Yaara , Hasson-Ohayon Ilanit , Levy-Frank Itamar , Tuval-Mashiach Rivka , Roe David
Published: April 2017

The current cross-sectional study investigated and compared the associations between insight, self-stigma, and family burden among Jewish and Arab mothers of an adult son or daughter with serious mental illness (SMI) in Israel. A total of 162 Israeli mothers of a person with SMI participated in the study; 95 were Jewish (58.6%), and 67 were Arab (41.4%). Insight, self-stigma, and family burden scales were administered. Jewish mothers reported higher levels of insight into their son’s or daughter’s illness and reported greater family burden compared to Arab mothers. No significant differences in self-stigma scores were found between Jewish and Arab mothers. The pattern of associations between insight, self-stigma, and burden differed between Jewish and Arab mothers. Self-stigma was found to mediate the relationship between insight and burden among Jewish mothers but not among Arab mothers. Ethno-national affiliation should be taken into consideration regarding how family members conceptualize and experience mental illness, as this might affect care.
Convective dispersion of heat and airborne pollutants inside street canyons under the influence of urban ground heat flows
Authors: Liu Cheng-Wei , Mei Shuo-Jun , Liu Di , Zhao Fu-Yun
Published: April 2017

This paper reports a computational fluid dynamics simulation of airflow and species dispersion inside street canyons and building blocks simultaneously. Urban thermal boundary flows could cause a profound effect on the dispersion of pollutant scalars and ventilation performance of street canyons. Nominal pollutant concentration differences between the urban street canyon and the countryside fresh air could be determined by a consideration of wind profile and ground vegetation. This study models the interaction of the fluid flow, thermal and pollutant dispersions based on the Reynolds number (Re), Grashof number (Gr) and their combinations – Archimedes number (Ar). The fluid, heat and pollutant dispersion performances were compared with the air, heat and pollutant removal efficiencies, indicated by the air change rate (ACR), heat removal rate (HRR) and pollutant removal rate (PRR). Numerical results indicate that Ar could promote fluid, heat and pollutant removals in street canyons. Transport function lines (contours of heat and mass functions) produced would illustrate the main recirculation developed inside these street canyons studied, to allow development of control strategies for dispersion of heat and pollutant species within these environments. The present work could contribute towards the understanding of the ventilation mechanism in street canyons surrounded by the residential buildings.
Evaluation of health information systems research in information systems research: A meta-analysis
Authors: Haried Peter , Claybaugh Craig , Dai Hua
Published: April 2017

Given the importance of the health-care industry and the promise of health information systems, researchers are encouraged to build on the shoulders of giants as the saying goes. The health information systems field has a unique opportunity to learn from and extend the work that has already been done by the highly correlated information systems field. As a result, this research article presents a past, present and future meta-analysis of health information systems research in information systems journals over the 2000–2015 time period. Our analysis reviewed 126 articles on a variety of topics related to health information systems research published in the “Senior Scholars” list of the top eight ranked information systems academic journals. Across the selected information systems academic journals, our findings compare research methodologies applied, health information systems topic areas investigated and research trends. Interesting results emerge in the range and evolution of health information systems research and opportunities for health information systems researchers and practitioners to consider moving forward.
Engaging School Mental Health Professionals to Deliver Evidence-Based Interventions to Hispanic Families
Authors: Tapia Maria I. , Ocasio Manuel A. , Estrada Yannine , Pantin Hilda , Prado Guillermo
Published: April 2017

Research has demonstrated that a number of evidence-based programs can be effectively implemented in different community settings, such as schools, to target Hispanic youth and their families; however, successful implementation of such programs represents a challenge for practitioners. This article describes experiences and strategies associated with recruiting, training, and supervising school mental health professionals in the school-based implementation of an evidence-based, family-centered prevention program for Hispanic families. School mental health professionals were recruited and given intensive training, weekly supervision for adherence monitoring, and ongoing technical assistance, in addition to intervention manuals and materials. We emphasize how strategies based on the prevention program itself were used to recruit, engage, and train school mental health professionals to deliver a family-based evidence-based program, blending research and practice in a large public school system. Implications of lessons learned are discussed, as well as the specific strategies to overcome challenges when engaging and training community partners in delivering a manualized intervention with rigorous adherence to the program.
Robotic Characterization of Ipsilesional Motor Function in Subacute Stroke
Authors: Semrau Jennifer A. , Herter Troy M. , Kenzie Jeffrey M. , Findlater Sonja E. , Scott Stephen H. , Dukelow Sean P.
Published: April 2017

Background. Poststroke impairments of the ipsilesional arm are often discussed, but rarely receive focused rehabilitation. Ipsilesional deficits may affect daily function and although many studies have investigated them in chronic stroke, few characterizations have been made in the subacute phase. Furthermore, most studies have quantified ipsilesional deficits using clinical measures that can fail to detect subtle, but important deficits in motor function. Objective. We aimed to quantify reaching deficits of the contra- and ipsilesional limbs in the subacute phase poststroke. Methods. A total of 227 subjects with first-time, unilateral stroke completed a unilateral assessment of motor function (visually guided reaching) using a KINARM robot. Subjects completed the task with both the ipsi- and contralesional arms. Subjects were assessed on a variety of traditional clinical measures (Functional Independence Measure, Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment, Purdue Pegboard, Behavioral Inattention Test) to compare with robotic measures of motor function. Results. Ipsilesional deficits were common and occurred in 37% (n = 84) of subjects. Impairments of the ipsilesional and contralesional arm were weakly to moderately correlated on robotic measures. Magnitude of impairment of the contralesional arm was similar for subjects with and without ipsilesional deficits. Furthermore, we found that a higher percentage of subjects with right-hemisphere stroke had ipsilesional deficits and more subjects with left-hemisphere subcortical strokes did not have ipsilesional deficits. Conclusions. Magnitude of contralesional impairment and lesion location may be poor predictors of individuals with ipsilesional impairments after stroke. Careful characterization of ipsilesional deficits could identify individuals who may benefit from rehabilitation of the less affected arm.
Aneurysm size and the Windkessel effect: An analysis of contrast intensity in digital subtraction angiography
Authors: Hussein Ahmed E , Esfahani Darian R , Linninger Andreas , Charbel Fady T , Hsu Chih-Yang , Charbel Fady T , Alaraj Ali
Published: April 2017

Large cerebral aneurysms are considered more dangerous than their smaller counterparts, with higher risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Understanding the hemodynamics of large aneurysms has potential to predict their response to treatment.

Digital subtraction angiography images for patients with intracranial aneurysms over a seven-year period were reviewed. Unruptured solitary aneurysms of the internal carotid artery (ICA) proximal to the terminus and posterior communicating artery were included. Contrast intensity over time was analyzed at the center of the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery distal to the aneurysm and compared to the contralateral side. Analysis included time to peak (TP)10%–100% (time needed for contrast to change from 10% intensity to 100%), washout time (WT)100%–10% (time for 100% intensity to 10%), and quartile time (QT)25%–25% (time for 25% intensity during vessel filling to 25% during emptying).

Fifty patients met the inclusion criteria. Analysis over the ipsilateral M1 segment revealed a significant increase in QT25%–25% (8.5 vs 7.6 seconds, p = 0.006) compared to the contralateral side. There was a correlation between TP10%–100% and QT25%–25% with aneurysm size (Pearson’s r = 0.37, p = 0.007 and r = 0.43, p = 0.001, respectively).

Larger ICA aneurysms were associated with delayed contrast intensity times . A plausible mechanism is that large aneurysms act as a capacitance chamber (Windkessel effect) that slow the arrival of contrast distal to the aneurysm. This may be of significance for large aneurysms after treatment, where the loss of the Windkessel effect places the distal circulation at greater risk for hemorrhage, and warrants further study.
Work right to right work: An automythology of chronic illness and work
Authors: Vijayasingham Lavanya
Published: April 2017

Objectives

Chronic illness is known to disrupt and redirect the usual course of work trajectories. This article aims to portray the longitudinal course of negotiating work after multiple sclerosis.

Methods

Using therapy and personal journals to reconstruct memories and experience, an autoethnography is produced and narrated within Campbell’s “Hero’s Journey” automythology framework.

Results

The narrative highlights the intrasubjectivity of illness meaning—the changing internal meaning-making and external behavior and decision-making dynamics. The journey of being inhibited to “Work Right”, to “Looking for the Right” and ultimately, finding “Right Work” is charted; portrayed as a bittersweet maneuver to achieve work–illness equilibrium.

Discussion

This journey traverses a spectrum of negative coping—the exhibition of deviant work behaviors, disengagement and depression; to recalibration and renewal; culminating in living the “new normal”, and finding moral and meaningful work engagements. Life trajectories with chronic illness are often skewed and redirected; but longitudinal narratives of normalization and coping also highlight the pursuits to secure and maintain a life of meaning and value.
Update on the role of nanoliposomal irinotecan in the treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer
Authors: Rahman FNU Asad ur , Ali Saeed , Saif Muhammad Wasif
Published: April 2017

Median survival for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC) treated with combination chemotherapeutic agents such as gemcitabine-based regimens and FOLFIRINOX is currently less than 12 months. This highlights the need for more efficacious first-line, as well as second-line therapies. Nanoliposomal irinotecan, in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/folinic acid has recently been assessed as second-line therapy after initial gemcitabine-based therapy. It is the first, second-line treatment approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat patients with MPC based on results of the NAnoliPOsomaL Irinotecan (NAPOLI-1) study, which showed that this regimen significantly prolonged progression-free survival (3.1 months versus 1.5 months) and overall survival (6.2 months versus 4.1 months) compared with 5-FU/folinic acid alone. In addition, this study also represented an important step forward in improving the efficacy of previously used chemotherapeutic agents by using nanoformulation to extend pharmacokinetic advantages such as slow clearance, low steady-state volume of distribution, and longer half-life. However, certain adverse effects that are seen more frequently with nanoliposomal irinotecan and 5-FU/folinic acid, compared with 5-FU/folinic acid alone, include neutropenia, fatigue, diarrhea, and nausea/vomiting. This merits close monitoring of patients who are on this combination, since these adverse events may necessitate dose reductions and growth factor support. It is imperative to check UGT1A1 gene status in all patients being considered for treatment with nanoliposomal irinotecan. Patients found to be homozygous for the UGT1A1*28 gene need to be started on a lower initial dose. As we gain more data with clinical use, we anticipate further characterization of the aforementioned toxicities in patients with UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms and other genetic variants.
The role of sebelipase alfa in the treatment of lysosomal acid lipase deficiency
Authors: Erwin Angelika L.
Published: April 2017

Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LALD) is a lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) characterized either by infantile onset with fulminant clinical course and very poor prognosis or childhood/adult-onset disease with an attenuated phenotype. The disorder is often misdiagnosed or remains undiagnosed in children and adults due to a rather unspecific clinical presentation with dyslipidemia and steatohepatitis. Until recently, no good treatment options were available for LALD. Despite supportive and symptomatic therapies, death occurred before 1 year of age in patients with infantile-onset disease and patients with childhood/adult-onset LALD suffered from significant complications, such as liver cirrhosis, requiring liver transplantation and early-onset cardiovascular disease.

With the recent approval of sebelipase alfa for clinical use in infantile- as well as childhood/adult-onset LALD, a new treatment era for this disorder has begun. Sebelipase alfa is a recombinant human lysosomal acid lipase (LAL), which is administered via the intravenous route. Clinical trials have shown significant improvement of disease parameters such as liver transaminases, hepatomegaly, and dyslipidemia in childhood/adult-onset LALD patients. Treatment of infants with the severe infantile-onset form of the disease has led to improved survival beyond the age of 1 year, and also showed improvement of hepatic and gastrointestinal symptoms, as well as growth. Overall, sebelipase alfa has a favorable safety profile and promises to be a good long-term treatment option for patients with LALD, with significant reduction of disease burden and increased life expectancy.
Risk factors for adverse drug reactions in pediatric inpatients: a systematic review
Authors: Andrade Paulo Henrique Santos , Santos Adriano da Silva , Souza Carlos Adriano Santos , Lobo Iza Maria Fraga , da Silva Wellington Barros
Published: April 2017

Background:

The main objective of the present systematic review is to identify potential risk factors for adverse drug reactions (ADRs) through prospective cohort studies in pediatric inpatients.

Methods:

The data search was done in the following electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE; Scopus; LILACS and Web of Science from the earliest record until 31 May 2015. Two reviewers independently screened each study and one of them assessed the methodological quality according to the Newcastle–Ottawa scale for cohort studies. The data extraction was conducted according to Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) initiative for cohort studies.

Results:

The only risk factor observed in all studies was the increase in the number of prescription drugs. However, other factors were identified, such as the increase in the length of stay or the number of low- or high-risk drugs prescribed, use of general anesthesia and oncological diagnosis. The cumulative incidence of ADR was 16.4% (95% confidence interval: 15.6 to 17.2). The main professional responsible for ADR identification was the pharmacist and the dominant category among the ADRs were gastrointestinal disorders. In addition, analgesics, antibacterial agents and corticosteroids were the drug classes commonly associated with ADRs. The methodology used in this study was tried to homogenize the data extracted; however, this was not sufficient to correct the discrepancies so it was not possible to perform a meta-analysis.

Conclusions:

The increase in the number of prescription drugs was the main risk factor in this population. However, additional studies are required to identify the risk factors for ADRs in pediatric inpatients.
Screening for valve disease in patients with hyperprolactinaemia disorders prescribed cabergoline: a service evaluation and literature review
Authors: Gamble David , Fairley Rachel , Harvey Roderick , Farman Colin , Cantley Nathan , Leslie Stephen J.
Published: April 2017

Objectives:

The indication for screening for valvular heart disease in patients taking cabergoline is based on evidence from patients with Parkinson’s disease on high-dose medication. However, current patients take much lower doses for indications such as hyperprolactinaemia disorders. Contemporary guidelines for echocardiogram monitoring in patients taking cabergoline are conflicting. This study aimed to review current clinical practice in our area regarding echocardiographic screening and to review the literature examining the evidence of valvular heart disease in patients taking lower dose cabergoline.

Methods:

This was a retrospective study of all patients with hyperprolactinaemia disorders prescribed cabergoline in a single UK NHS health board between January 2014 and July 2015. The proportion of patients receiving baseline and follow-up echocardiograms was recorded. A review of the published literature was carried out using the databases EMBASE and Medline to examine the current evidence for the effect cabergoline has on cardiac valves in patients treated for hyperprolactinaemia disorders.

Results:

The mean age was 51.7 ± 16.5 years with a 64.4% female predominance. The mean duration of therapy was 5.9 years ± 4.1 years. Of the total cohort ( n = 45), two (4.4%) patients had an initial baseline echocardiogram and five (13.2%) had follow-up echocardiograms every 24 months. Of the 25 articles identified, 12 showed no clinically significant evidence of valvular dysfunction in the cabergoline group groups. Of the remaining 13 articles, evidence for valvular changes was confined to high cumulative dose cabergoline patients and there was only one confirmed case of ‘cabergoline associated valvulopathy’ described.

Conclusions:

Clinically significant valvular dysfunction is uncommon and generally only reported in high cumulative dose treatment groups. We propose that clearer national guidelines are required and that echocardiogram screening be reserved for patients who are high risk, are taking a high weekly dose (≥2 mg cabergoline weekly) or high cumulative dose.
A text message intervention to reduce first year university students’ alcohol use: A pilot experimental study
Authors: Riordan Benjamin C , Conner Tamlin S , Flett Jayde AM , Scarf Damian
Published: April 2017

Objective

The aim of Orientation Week is to help new students acclimatize to university life. However, Orientation Week is characterized by heavy alcohol use and during this time students may develop drinking patterns that persist into the academic year. The aim of the current study was to refine a brief Ecological Momentary Intervention (EMI) and test its effectiveness in reducing students’ alcohol use during both Orientation Week and throughout the academic year.

Method

We conducted two focus groups with students who had received a pilot intervention. We then updated and trialled the intervention with students from two residential colleges (College 1 n = 117 and College 2 n = 269) who were assigned to either an Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) condition or an EMA-EMI condition. Students in both conditions reported their pre-university drinking and their drinking during Orientation Week and the academic year via text message. In addition to the EMA messages, during Orientation Week, participants in the EMA-EMI condition received messages highlighting the potential social consequences of heavy alcohol use.

Results

In College 1 those in the EMA-EMI condition consumed fewer drinks, relative to those in the EMA condition, across both Orientation Week (9.7 vs. 15.5; t(98) = 2.138, p = .018) and the academic year. (4.3 vs. 6.8; t(98) = 1.788, p = .039). There were, however, no significant differences between conditions in College 2.

Conclusion

The current findings suggest that EMIs may be successful under certain circumstances and may provide a simple, cost-effective means of intervening.
How Personal Factors Influence Academic Behavior and GPA in African American STEM Students
Authors: Scherer Stephen , Talley Cheryl P. , Fife John E.
Published: April 2017

The United States has often been viewed as a leading force in technological advancement and scientific innovation. However, that may soon change with the low number of postsecondary degrees being awarded to students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Without an adequate number of qualified individuals fueling the innovative drive of the nation, we are at risk of stagnation. Further compounding this issue is the low number of minority students awarded STEM degrees and jobs. Several researchers have addressed external and internal goal-related factors that lead to student attrition from STEM, but few have explored students’ personal factors that influence academic behavior (PIAB) and, subsequently, achievement. This study aimed to expand the current literature by developing a new model to assess the influence of PIABs on student success.
Putative Brain Networks Underlying Repetitive Negative Thinking and Comorbid Internalizing Problems in Autism
Authors: Burrows Catherine A. , Timpano Kiara R. , Uddin Lucina Q.
Published: April 2017

Many high-functioning individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) also experience depression and anxiety, yet little is known about mechanisms underlying this comorbidity. Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) about self-referential information is a transdiagnostic cognitive vulnerability factor that may account for the relationship between these two classes of symptoms. We propose a model where negative self-referential processing and cognitive inflexibility interact to increase risk for RNT, leading to internalizing problems in ASD. Examination of interactions within and between two well-characterized large-scale brain networks, the default mode network and the salience network, may provide insights into neurobiological mechanisms underlying RNT in ASD. We summarize previous literature supporting this model, emphasizing moving toward understanding RNT as a factor accounting for the high rates of internalizing problems in ASD. Future research avenues include understanding heterogeneity in clinical presentation and treating cognitive flexibility and RNT to reduce comorbid internalizing problems in ASD.
Distress, Worry, and Functioning Following a Global Health Crisis: A National Study of Americans’ Responses to Ebola
Authors: Thompson Rebecca R. , Garfin Dana Rose , Holman E. Alison , Silver Roxane Cohen
Published: April 2017

The 2014 Ebola crisis received unprecedented media attention in the United States, despite low risk of transmission. We examined theoretically derived correlates of psychological response to the crisis, including Ebola-related media exposure, prior mental health history, and stress response to a recent prior collective trauma (the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing, BMB). A national probability sample completed a survey 2–4 weeks post-BMB; 18 months later, the same sample reported responses to the Ebola crisis ( N = 3,447). History of mental health diagnoses, acute stress response to the BMB, and Ebola-related media exposure were associated with greater psychological distress and functional impairment. Prior acute stress and Ebola-related media exposure were also associated with Ebola-related worry; individuals with higher BMB-related acute stress who consumed more Ebola-related media were more worried about contracting Ebola. Media coverage of the Ebola public health crisis was associated with negative psychological outcomes, even among individuals at low risk for contracting the disease.
The Impact of Travel 2.0 on Travelers Booking and Reservation Behaviors
Authors: Elci Alev , Abubakar A. Mohammed , Ilkan Mustafa , Kolawole Eluwole Kayode , Lasisi Temitope Taiwo
Published: April 2017

The Internet offers a rich atmosphere for prospective travelers to gain familiarity, and harvest and retrieve travel-related information and resources. An increasing number of tourism and hospitality firms have turned their attention to new business opportunities on the Web. Travel 2.0 has emerged as a new tool for competitive advantage. This study draws on social cognitive theory and the DeLone and McLean Information Systems (D&M IS) success model to diagnose the impact of websites design quality on booking/reservation intentions from a travelers’ perspective. This research model was tested with 700 valid data collected from travelers using Travel 2.0 websites through online survey using SPSS v18 for the analysis. The results of the data analysis provided support for the hypothesized relationships of e-service and system quality with booking/reservation/purchase behavioral intention implying that an e-travel site’s quality is an essential success factor for tourism enterprises. However, information quality of an e-travel site is negatively related to booking/reservation intention. Cross-sectional design and self-report measures are the shortcomings of the study. Little research has been done on the relation between websites design (e-service, information, and system) quality, and booking/reservation intention. This article presents new insights into how these variables may influence potential tourist.
Examining the Roles and Experiences of Fathers of Children With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Nicholas David B.
Published: April 2017

This study examined roles and experiences of fathers of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Based on interpretive description, semistructured interviews were conducted with 22 fathers of children receiving a range of treatments (transplant, peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, and CKD not requiring renal replacement therapy). Fathers described various experiences and means of adjusting to shifts associated with pediatric CKD. These included loss of personal control, a sense of personal isolation, and a stance of remaining strong amidst personal suffering. Nuanced differences according to modality of CKD care were identified. Fathers engaged in strategies that fostered coping, such as remaining positive and taking charge. They conveyed deep love for their child, and demonstrated ingenuity and persistence in care. Few resources of support were accessed by fathers. Study recommendations invite holistic approaches to health care, with improved resources for families—including fathers—in addressing the needs of this population.
Rajnats of Rajasthan and the Sex Work: An Ethnographic Study
Authors: Azeez E. P. Abdul , Toolsiram Renetta , Mishra Aditi
Published: April 2017

Rajnat community of Rajasthan was a nomadic tribe (now included in the category of Scheduled Castes), who previously engaged themselves as singers, dancers, street players and the entertainers of kings, zamindars and their subjects. However, after the dissolution of monarchy in Rajasthan and the collapse of zamindari system, Rajnats were left landless and jobless but later embraced commercial sex work. This resulted in the vulnerability, deprivation and marginalization of Rajnats. Girls are compelled and sent for bar dance to Mumbai and other cities at the tender age of 15–16 years. They are not allowed to study more than 8th class as they may change their minds for not adopting this occupation of sex work. Rajnat community is found in some villages of Rajasthan which are adjacent to the highways as this accessibility attracts the easy flow of customers to the villages. Women and girls in this community are vulnerable and mere victims of this traditional practice. Experience of physical and verbal violence is causal in this community which affects the women and children the most. Rajnats are leading a socially isolated life with a set of peculiar characteristics. The present study was conducted in the Bandarsindri village of Ajmer district in Rajasthan. The data for the study was generated through ethnographic fieldwork. This article focuses on the historical background, current status and contemporary problems faced by the Rajnat community. The study highlights the peculiar sociocultural characteristics, life and lifestyle of Rajnat community. Intergenerational transfer of ill-being is visible from the present state of the community.
Book Review: S. Chandramohan, Letters to Namdeo Dhasal
Authors: Sarangi Jaydeep
Published: April 2017

S. Chandramohan, Letters to Namdeo Dhasal. Vadodara: Desirepaths, 2016, ₹150, 67 pp., ISBN 978-93-81030-75-2.
Observing Developmental Intervention in Mineral-rich Adivasi Subsistence Economy: An Ethnographic Account from West Singhbhum (Jharkhand)
Authors: Kumar Dhiraj , Mishra Nihar Ranjan
Published: April 2017

The shift of the political economy of development from the Nehruvian model to the Neoliberal market model has relocated the discourses and practices of development. A state becomes a facilitator, protector and advocator of the capitalist market economy and the praxis of development become a kind of governmentality that often privileges the specific class interest. In this neoliberalized era, cultural politics of the developmental intervention (DI) needs immediate attention because the state DI has a huge impact on the pre-capitalist mode of social formation. This article covers Jharkhand’s West Singhbhum to study the DI on local indigenous population who have sacral and subsistence kind of societal formation. This article tries to show why there is need to understand development and its nature in mineral-rich Adivasi regions. The main focus of this article is on exploring the pattern of state development intervention in the region of pre-capitalist social formation and what outcomes it has carried for commons. Through case studies collected from field areas, we try to show that the contemporary development process and practices are based on the premises of modernization and neoliberalization and it has been widely criticized for being exclusionary and biased in the mineral-rich pre-capitalist society. At the same time, we also try to demarcate these state developmental issues at epistemological level which helps to understand the nature of development intervention in Adivasi resource-rich regions.
Gentlemen Killers: The Politics of Remembering in Meena Kandasamy’s The Gypsy Goddess
Authors: Yadav Kanak
Published: April 2017

While official discourse on history silences the violence witnessed by oppressed communities, Indian English fiction has been central in foregrounding ‘silenced’ voices. With the failure of the Nehruvian welfare-state manifest in post-Independence fiction, Indian English novel depicted the marginal ‘others’ whose presence gets erased from history. Meena Kandasamy’s first novel, The Gypsy Goddess (2014), is a memorial text that addresses the erasure of violence against Dalits by enabling acts of remembering. A re-visitation of the Kilvenmani atrocity of 1968 in which 44 dalit labourers were burnt alive by landlords, The Gypsy Goddess, while providing visibility to dalits (both within and outside the text), also causes ethical dilemmas because of its self-reflexive and playful narrative. As an experimental novel depicts a gruesome massacre, this article aims to analyze the narrative disjunction in the text, to comment on the memorial practices that the novel partakes in.
Construction of Heritage: Small and Medium Towns of Gurgaon District
Authors: Munjal Parul G.
Published: April 2017

Global discourses around heritage are grappling with idea of including dissonant, non-compliant voices and expanding the definition of heritage from the physical to a cultural process, pushing beyond the authorized heritage discourse. The dialogical model of heritage is presented as a means to break down the divide between laypersons and experts, suggesting new models for decision-making in the future.

It is problematic to contextualize this discourse in the Indian context, more so in small and medium towns where this intellectual debate has never been formalized. Yet, there are existing ways in which the local stakeholders maintain and use sites or structures from the past that they value. Identification of these ways of keeping and using could be a step towards demystifying the construct of heritage in the local community.

The Gurgaon district has witnessed an unprecedented urban growth rate from 2001 to 2011 and the eight historic small and medium towns of the district are on the verge of being enveloped in the rapid urban development. This impending change calls for a need to examine the heritage sites of these towns. Studying the historic structures in six of these towns points to the role of history and religion as connectors to heritage. This role has been explored on ground and at an ideological level, as an attempt towards understanding the construct of heritage as a process in play.
Value Network in Heritage Walks: Case Studies of Ahmedabad City Walks
Authors: Saiyed Abrar Ali , Basalingappa Anita , Sinha Piyush Kumar
Published: April 2017

Long heritage management related activities have been studied by sociologist, heritage management experts, anthropologists and architects and artists. Researchers felt importance of using management theories in heritage management research domain. This paper tries to focus on this call for research. It aims to study the value network in heritage walk organisations for creating shared value - a form of value that Porter and Kramer describe, in placing social and community needs before profit. It studies value network in three heritage walks organized by three organisations in Ahmedabad city in western part of India. It covers three cases studies of these walks that cover architecture, communities, craft, food and other elements of living and non-living heritage. This study is exploratory in nature. It shows the impact of these walks on various stakeholders under nine dimensions of value network framework.
Pcsk5 is required in the early cranio-cardiac mesoderm for heart development
Authors: Szumska Dorota , Cioroch Milena , Keeling Angela , Prat Annik , Seidah Nabil G. , Bhattacharya Shoumo
Published: April 2017

Background

Loss of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5 (Pcsk5) results in multiple developmental anomalies including cardiac malformations, caudal regression, pre-sacral mass, renal agenesis, anteroposterior patterning defects, and tracheo-oesophageal and anorectal malformations, and is a model for VACTERL/caudal regression/Currarino syndromes (VACTERL association - Vertebral anomalies, Anal atresia, Cardiac defects, Tracheoesophageal fistula and/or Esophageal atresia, Renal & Radial anomalies and Limb defects).

Results

Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we examined heart development in mouse embryos with zygotic and cardiac specific deletion of Pcsk5. We show that conditional deletion of Pcsk5 in all epiblastic lineages recapitulates all developmental malformations except for tracheo-esophageal malformations. Using a conditional deletion strategy, we find that there is an essential and specific requirement for Pcsk5 in the cranio-cardiac mesoderm for cardiogenesis, but not for conotruncal septation or any other aspect of embryonic development. Surprisingly, deletion of Pcsk5 in cardiogenic or pharyngeal mesodermal progenitors that form later from the cranio-cardiac mesoderm does not affect heart development. Neither is Pcsk5 essential in the neural crest, which drives conotruncal septation.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that Pcsk5 may have an essential and early role in the cranio-cardiac mesoderm for heart development. Alternatively, it is possible that Pcsk5 may still play a critical role in Nkx2.5-expressing cardiac progenitors, with persistence of mRNA or protein accounting for the lack of effect of deletion on heart development.
Medium- and long-term consequences of pollution on labor supply: evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Kim Younoh , Manley James , Radoias Vlad
Published: April 2017

We use a natural experiment in Indonesia to study the medium- and long-term effects of air pollution on labor supply. We find that exposure to air pollution reduces hours worked and while the medium-term effects are larger in magnitude, some effects do persist in the long term. More interestingly, we are able to provide some insight regarding the underlying channels that contribute to the reduced labor supply. Own health seems to be the only responsible channel in the long term, while in the medium term, a different channel based on dependent caregiving is the most important.

JEL Classification: J22, Q53
REMAP: A Framework for Goals of Care Conversations
Authors: Childers Julie W. , Back Anthony L. , Tulsky James A. , Arnold Robert M.
Published: April 2017

Conversations regarding goals of care with patients who have advanced cancer still occur too late, and oncologists say they lack the training to have these conversations effectively. Experts recommend a number of strategies when having these discussions, including discussing prognosis, responding to patient emotion, exploring values, and often making a recommendation for medical treatments that fit those values. To help learners, from residents to attending oncologists, learn these complex conversational skills, we have developed a framework with a mnemonic, REMAP: Reframe, Expect emotion, Map out patient goals, Align with goals, and Propose a plan. In the reframe step, the oncologist provides a big picture “headline” that lets the patient know things are in a different place. This is followed by actively attending to the patient’s emotional response (expect emotion). Then, to map the patient’s goals, the oncologist asks open-ended questions that are designed to help the patient think about the values that should guide his or her treatment. The oncologist then aligns with those values by explicitly reflecting them back to the patient. If the patient gives permission, the oncologist will then use those values to propose a medical plan that matches patient values. The processes underlying REMAP encourage oncologists and other clinicians to seek to understand and remain flexible, adapting their recommendations to what they hear from the patient, with ongoing revision based on the shared decision-making process. This will lead to patient-centered decisions that promote better end-of-life care.
Are State Governments Roadblocks to Federal Stimulus? Evidence on the Flypaper Effect of Highway Grants in the 2009 Recovery Act
Authors: Leduc Sylvain , Wilson Daniel
Published: April 2017

This paper examines how state governments adjusted spending in response to the large temporary increase in federal highway grants under the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). The mechanism used to apportion ARRA highway grants to states allows one to isolate exogenous changes in these grants. The results indicate that states increased highway spending over 2009 to 2011 more than dollar-for-dollar with the ARRA grants they received. Rent-seeking efforts are shown to help explain this result: states with more political contributions from the public works sector to the governor and state legislators tended to spend more out of their ARRA highway funds than other states. (JEL H54, H76, R42, R53)
Unravelling chloroma: review of imaging findings
Authors: Singh Anuradha , Kumar Pawan , Chandrashekhara Sheragaru Hanumanthappa , Kumar Atin
Published: April 2017

Chloroma refers to the extramedullary proliferation of immature myeloid precursors occurring in a gamut of myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic conditions; acute myeloid leukaemia being the commonest. With non-specific clinical and imaging manifestations, it runs a high risk of misdiagnosis which may significantly affect the outcome of an otherwise treatable lesion. Also with these lesions heralding impending blast crises, awareness of the imaging findings becomes imperative. Imaging not only helps raise the suspicion but also guides further confirmation by demonstration of specific immunohistochemistry markers, ensuring timely institution of chemotherapy. In general, solid enhancing lesions in any haematological disorder could be chloromas, especially if multifocal with mass effect.
Avoidance of reporter assay distortions from fused dual reporters
Authors: Loughran Gary , Howard Michael T. , Firth Andrew E. , Atkins John F.
Published: April 2017

Positioning test sequences between fused reporters permits monitoring of both translation levels and framing, before and after the test sequence. Many studies, including those on recoding such as productive ribosomal frameshifting and stop codon readthrough, use distinguishable luciferases or fluorescent proteins as reporters. Occasional distortions, due to test sequence product interference with the individual reporter activities or stabilities, are here shown to be avoidable by the introduction of tandem StopGo sequences (2A) flanking the test sequence. Using this new vector system (pSGDluc), we provide evidence for the use of a 3′ stem–loop stimulator for ACP2 readthrough, but failed to detect the reported VEGFA readthrough.
Anxiety in pupils: When to worry and what to do
Authors: Knightsmith Pooky
Published: April 2017

Many students seem to be struggling with anxiety. Dr Pooky Knightsmith discusses how to recognise which students need support and what you can most helpfully do.
Supporting students who are experiencing bereavement
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: April 2017

Stephanie Thornton looks at the potential impact of bereavement on children and young people and strategies to support them.
What is nature conservation for the Portuguese public? Understanding the commonsensical image of nature to engage the general public in conservation efforts and to improve the communication between science and society
Authors: Vieira da Silva Carina , Costa José Lino , Santos José Lima , Madureira Lívia
Published: April 2017

The protection of nature and biodiversity has been gaining importance in public opinion. Nevertheless, the implementation of conservation policies has experienced some public resistance, along with low levels of public involvement. This lack of public interest in and support to conservation may be related to citizens’ images of nature.

In this article, we examine the commonsensical image of nature and its conservation according to two dimensions: cognitive beliefs and normative ethics. This image of nature was examined through a series of focus-group discussions with members of the general public in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area – Portugal and reflects the commonsensical perceptions of what nature conservation is.

The results suggest that, although the participants were not familiar with scientific terminology, they hold rich, mental and social representations about nature and biodiversity. We present a conceptual framework that reflects participants’ overall image of nature as the basis of human life and, above all, as a source of multiple goods that ensure human beings’ survival, which characterizes the common-sense view of nature as largely anthropocentric.

Our work provides policy-makers, planners and managers with a framework that reflects lay people’s perceptions of nature and biodiversity conservation that are instrumental in identifying conservation priorities, appropriate goals and suitable measures while ensuring communication between science and society.
State, science and empire in the Portuguese Atlantic (1770s–1820s)
Authors: Carolino Luís Miguel
Published: April 2017

This article argues that the strengthening of an Atlantic-based economy was the driving force of scientific development in the Portuguese empire during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. As a response to the structural crisis that distressed the Portuguese empire in the second half of the eighteenth century, a network of military institutions of higher technical and scientific education was established, first in Lisbon and later in Rio de Janeiro. State initiative was thus crucial in the modernizing process of the Luso-Brazilian empire. This produced profound consequences in the shaping of its scientific and technical framework. In particular, it resulted in the militarization of ‘Portuguese’ science, in the promotion of an applied science and in the social impact of a conception of the concept of the scientist as a military and practical man.