bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Parameters in Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF) Surgery: A Case Series of 5299 Operated Levels
Authors: Filho Aécio Rubens Dias Pereira , Baptista Vinicius Santos , Bertolini Matheus , Júnior Francisco Cialdine Frota Carneiro , Uehara Milton Kiyonory , Aguiar Nuno Rodolfo Colaço , Baston Arthur Cristiano , Desideri Alexandre Vinhal , Benites Vinicius de Meldau
Published: December 2024

Context:
Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF) is performed via an abdominal approach to remove the intervertebral disc. Although academic reports suggest low intraoperative complication rates, the available data show significant variability. There is a lack of large-scale, robust studies that consistently evaluate the morbidity rates associated with this procedure.
Objective
This study evaluates the operative parameters of this procedure based on a substantial number of cases.
Study Design:
A retrospective case series.
Methods
Patient data were retrospectively collected from the database of the Instituto de Acessos à coluna Aécio Dias (IAAD). All patients aged 18 years or older who underwent ALIF surgery were included in the study. Patients who underwent other surgical approaches were excluded. Data on intraoperative morbidity (vascular injuries, injuries to intra- and extraperitoneal organs, dural sac injuries, and nerve root injuries), operative time, and blood loss were collected and analyzed.
Results
A total of 3,438 patients were evaluated. 1,671 (48.6%) were male, and 1,767 (51.4%) were female. The mean age was 47.87 ± 12.10 years, ranging from 18 to 88 years. The reported incidence of complications was as follows: vascular injuries (3.25%), nerve root injuries (0.09%), dural sac injuries (0.06%), and injuries to intra- and extraperitoneal organs (0.03%).
Conclusions
ALIF surgery demonstrated safety and low morbidity. A multidisciplinary team, including access surgeons, played a pivotal role in reducing vascular complications, optimizing surgical times, and minimizing blood loss, aligning with the standards reported in the literature.
Exploring the theranostic potential of carbon dots/Fe3 O4 superparticles for tumor-associated macrophage targeting and repolarization in colorectal cancer therapy via JAK/STAT and ERK/MAPK pathways
Authors: Miao Yingying , Li Xiaoyu , Zeng Qingsen , Zhang Kai , Liu Lin , Yang Bai , Zhang Butian
Published: December 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) immunotherapy has shown remarkable effects in only a small subset of patients, largely due to the influence of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which play a key role in shaping the tumor immune microenvironment. In vivo dynamic imaging of TAMs is critical for personalized immunotherapy, as it enables the identification of patients likely to benefit from treatment and allows for real-time monitoring of therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, reprogramming the polarization state of TAMs from the pro-tumoral M2 phenotype to the anti-tumoral M1 phenotype represents a promising strategy to enhance immunotherapy outcomes. To address these challenges, we developed mannose-coated carbon dots/Fe3O4 superparticles (Mannose-DSPE-PEG@Fe3O4/CDs) specifically designed to target TAMs. These superparticles combine the NMR-enhanced imaging capabilities of Fe3O4 with the red fluorescence properties of carbon dots, enabling precise and non-invasive TAM imaging. Furthermore, Mannose-DSPE-PEG@Fe3O4/CDs effectively reprogram TAMs from the M2 to M1 phenotype via the JAK/STAT and ERK/MAPK pathways, thereby reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment and exerting potent anti-tumor effects. In summary, this study demonstrates the potential of Mannose-DSPE-PEG@Fe3O4/CDs as a theranostic nanoplatform for the monitoring and modulation of TAMs, offering a novel strategy for improving immunotherapy outcomes in colorectal cancer.
RETRACTED: Characterization of Clinical Risk Factors for Enhanced Minimal Residual Disease Monitoring in Resected Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Shi Yunfei , Lei Youming , Liu Yinqiang , Zhao Wei , Yang Qingmei , Zhang Fujun , Bian Li , Luo Xiaoyu , Luo Kang , Li Haoyu , Liu Fanghao , Wang Tingguang , Liu Yong , Ma Ya , Yin Jiani C. , Lv Guoli , Duan Jin
Published: December 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Condensed Low-dose Total Skin Electron Beam Therapy for Mycosis Fungoides: an institutional retrospective review and subgroup analysis of patients with Large Cell Transformation
Authors: Cappelli Louis , Cappelli Megan , Haldar Nilanjan , Paul Tiara , Mandel Jenna , Zhan Tingting , Nikbakht Neda , Shi Wenyin
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Low-dose total skin electron beam therapy (TSEBT) is an effective treatment option for mycosis fungoides (MF) with proven palliative effects and reduced toxicity. Presented is an institutional analysis of survival/response rate and quality of life for MF patients with subgroup analysis of those possessing pathologic large cell transformation (LCT). Methods: This is a single institutional retrospective review of patients with mycosis fungicides treated from 2014–2023 with low-dose TSEBT. All patients received 12 Gy in 6 fractions every other day with the modified Stanford technique, with boosts to shadowed sites between treatments, completed in 2 weeks. Outcomes evaluated included clinical response, duration of and time to response, patient-reported quality of life, and physician-scored disease burden. Results: Forty-six patients were included in the study, 28 male and 18 female, with a median age 66.5 (range 32.7–90.6). Stage IB was most common at the time of TSEBT (41.3%). Median follow up was 44.5 months. The overall response rate was 91.3% (52.2% partial response, 19.6% complete and near complete response). The median duration of response was 8.2 months (range, 6.1–28.7), and the median time to best response was 3.5 months (range, 2.7–5.6). Quality of life (QOL) and disease burden continued to show significant benefit after TSEBT (p < 0.001). In a subgroup analysis, 18 patients (39.1%) were found to have large cell transformation (LCT) at diagnosis. LCT was associated with higher presenting stage prior to TSEBT (p = 0.016) and a better response to treatment (p = 0.040). However, median duration of response was only 7.4 months in the patients with LCT vs 39.4 months in the patients without (p = 0.003). Conclusions: Condensed Low-dose TSEBT is a convenient treatment with favorable clinical outcomes and low toxicities in patients with mycosis fungoides. Patients with LCT may have shorter duration of treatment response. Further studies are warranted to validate this finding.
Healthy Plant-based Diet Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Large-scale Prospective Analysis in the UK Biobank
Authors: Jin Zhenhe , Zhou Tianyu , Ye Kexin , Jiang Wenxi , Liu Zhaoxue , Luo Linwen , Wang Yize , Shen Zhe
Published: December 2024

Background
The role of plant-based diets in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] risk requires large-scale research. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between the Plant-Based Dietary Index [PDI], healthy PDI [hPDI], and unhealthy PDI [uPDI] with IBD risk, and explore potential mediators.
Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study with 143,434 UK Biobank participants, using 24-hour dietary recall to calculate PDI, hPDI, and uPDI. Cox regression assessed associations with IBD risk, while decomposition and mediation analyses evaluated dietary components and serum biomarkers.
Results
Followed until April 2024, 1,117 participants developed IBD [795 UC, 322 CD]. We found inverse associations between hPDI and UC risk [HR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.86–0.99, P = 0.034] and CD risk [HR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.77–0.96, P = 0.007], and between PDI and CD risk [HR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.77–0.96, P = 0.009]. An positive association was found between uPDI and CD risk [HR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.02–1.29, P = 0.022]. Fruits and vegetables explained partial association between PDI, hPDI, uPDI, and CD risk. Neutrophils and white blood cells were key mediators in the association between hPDI and UC risk, while CRP was a major mediator in the associations between hPDI and uPDI with CD risk.
Conclusions
The healthy plant-based diet is inversely associated with UC and CD risk, while the unhealthy plant-based diet is positively associated with CD risk. These associations may be partly explained by fruit and vegetable intake, with blood biomarkers, including inflammatory markers, lipid metabolism, and liver and kidney function, serving as partial mediators.
Hybrid Snooker Artificial Protozoa Optimization-based Authentication Protocol for Secure Edge Augmented Reality
Authors: Saurav· Swapnil , Siva D. V.N. , Sudeep KS
Published: December 2024

In edge computing environments for Augmented Reality (AR) applications ensures smooth and secure communication between users and infrastructure. User experience and system integrity has facing issues in authentication systems, like computational burden, vulnerability and delays to attacks. To tackle all these issues, this research introduced a new anonymous authentication mechanism designed for AR environments with edge computing. It integrates piecewise linear chaotic maps, Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hybrid Snooker Artificial Protozoan Optimization Algorithm (HSAPOA) in authentication for security and efficiency. This guarantees a safe and seamless user-infrastructure interaction. When a user initiates user-to-infrastructure authentication to access an edge node region, the protocol generates a session key, enabling safe data flow between nearby AR users through user-to-user authentication. This guarantees that a user securely and effortlessly engages and work together with other AR users in the same edge computing environment after successfully authenticating to the infrastructure. The proposed method achieves communication cost and overhead as 200 and 5500 bits, 20ms of execution time and 30ms of latency. The suggested edge computing-based AR authentication solution functions extremely well with low latency and no communication overhead to enable safe and efficient user interaction in such circumstances.
A systematic review on the novel drug delivery system in the development of antimicrobial drug
Authors: Parthasarathy S. , Keservani Raj K , Kesharwani Rajesh Kumar , Bhise Manish R. , Arya Rajeshwar Kamal Kant , Pawar Sarita Suryabhan , Jaiswal Meenakshi , Ahire Eknath D.
Published: December 2024

Background
The growing global concern over antimicrobial resistance necessitates the development of new and efficient antimicrobial drugs. Traditional methods of drug delivery often face challenges such as poor bioavailability, rapid clearance, and side effects. Novel drug delivery systems have emerged as promising solutions, improving the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents by enhancing their stability, targeted delivery, and controlled release.
Aim
To systematically review and analyze the role of novel drug delivery systems in the development of antimicrobial drugs, focusing on their mechanisms, efficacy, and potential applications in combating microbial infections.
Method
A comprehensive systematic review was conducted, sourcing studies from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Research articles published between 2000 and 2024 were included, focusing on innovative drug delivery systems for antimicrobial agents. The date of search for this study was 10/10/2024 to 13/11/2024.
Results
The review identified several promising NDDS, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and micelles, which demonstrated enhanced antimicrobial activity and reduced side effects. These systems facilitated sustained and controlled drug release, improving the pharmacokinetics of antimicrobials. Notably, nanoparticles showed significant promise in overcoming bacterial biofilms and multi-drug resistance. Liposomal formulations were found to improve the stability of certain antimicrobial drugs, while hydrogels provided localized treatment.
Conclusion
Novel drug delivery systems are transforming the field of antimicrobial drug development by enhancing drug bioavailability, targeting specific infection sites, and addressing antimicrobial resistance. However, further clinical trials and long-term studies are necessary to fully realize the potential of these systems.
Barriers and facilitators to refugees and asylum seekers accessing non-hospital-based care: a mixed methods systematic review
Authors: Fitzharris Laura , Broderick Julie , McGowan Emer , Siersbaek Rikke
Published: December 2024

Background
Asylum seekers and refugees have complex healthcare needs but often face barriers in accessing health services, particularly in non-hospital settings. This mixed methods systematic review aims to identify the facilitators and barriers to accessing non-hospital-based care among these groups.
Methods
A search of Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library identified qualitative and quantitative studies on this topic, utilizing the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for data synthesis.
Results
Twenty-one studies were included (17 qualitative, 3 quantitative, 1 mixed method). Key barriers identified were language issues, pre-migration experiences, and the health system's structure. Key facilitators included refugee centres and social support. These factors were grouped into four themes: (i) health system structure, (ii) healthcare encounters, (iii) pre-migration experiences, and (iv) language/communication.
Conclusion
The findings illustrate the links between language, cultural sensitivity, and healthcare access. While qualitative evidence is strong, quantitative support is limited, suggesting healthcare systems could improve to better serve this diverse population.
SMART TOURISM PRACTICES IN SIKKIM: INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Professor, School of Hospitality & Tourism Studies, S R M University Sikkim, 5th Mile, Tadong, Gangtok- 737102, Sikkim., N. Suresh
Published: December 2024

Sikkim is at the forefront of adopting smart tourism practices to enhance visitor experiences, improve transportation efficiency, and promote sustainable development. This research explores the integration of technology across various sectors, including smart destinations, transportation, accommodations, local community engagement, and facilities. Utilizing secondary data, personal observations, and interactions with stakeholders, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the smart tourism initiatives implemented in Sikkim. By assessing factors such as smart destinations, smart accessibility, smart accommodations, smart amenities, tourist experience, smart governance, and local community technologies, the research evaluates how ICT tools enhance the overall travel experience and contribute to sustainable tourism development. The findings demonstrate that smart tourism practices significantly enhance visitor satisfaction, optimize resource use, and minimize environmental impact. This study highlights the transformative potential of smart tourism in creating a more efficient and sustainable tourism environment in Sikkim.
SPORTS PRACTICES OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES AND SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS: THE CASE OF THE HANDISPORT CLUB OF THE GASTON BERGER UNIVERSITY OF SAINT-LOUIS (SENEGAL)
Authors:   Enseignant Chercheur Universite Gaston BERGER de Saint-Louis., Dieng Hameth , Dit Momar Talla Ndongo Mouhamed ,   Enseignant Chercheur Universite Cheikh Anta DIO de Dakar., Ndione Gana ,   Enseignant Chercheur Universite Gaston BERGER de Saint-Louis.
Published: December 2024

This research collects and analyzes social representations built on sports practice among people with disabilities in a society where practice is perceived as almost impossible for this social category. The objective of this research, which takes place in the disabled sports club of Gaston Berger University in Saint-Louis, is to understand how people with disabilities perceive their sports practice and in return how those around them perceive their investment in sport.To understand the social representations of sports practice among people with disabilities in a country where it is perceived as abnormal and dangerous and where the perception of handicap differs according to the person and his environment, the study was mainly based on discourse analysis from semi-structured interviews. Those semi-structured interviews were carried out with administrators, coaches, families and practitioners from the disabled sports club of Gaston Berger University in Saint-Louis.It emerges from this study that the constructed social representations are differentiated and constitute a system of opposition between those of the practitioners and their trainers on the one hand and those of the social environment on the other hand. Sport which is considered as a Western cultural model reserved for men and the able-bodied, happens to be largely determined by all prevailing social representations, including those stereotypes linked to people with disabilities.
A CLINICAL STUDY ON TRUNK MOBILITY TRAINING (TMT) FOR PATIENT WITH CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DYSFUNCTION: REHABILITATION PERSPECTIVE
Authors:   M.O.T (Neuro)., M.Sc(App Psy), Ph.D, Senior Faculty cum Registrar, Department of Occupational Therapy, PMR, Government Medical College & Hospital, Cuddalore Dt (Erstwhile RMMCH, Annamalai University), T.N, India., Kalaichandran K.
Published: December 2024

Aim:To find out the effects of trunk mobility training (TMT) for patient with central nervous system dysfunction

Objectives:

1. To evaluate the trunk mobility of patient with central nervous system dysfunctions

2. To give trunk mobility training (TMT) for patient with central nervous system dysfunction

3. To compare the effects of trunk mobility training between the group

Methods: This study consists of 12 patients with various dysfunction of central nervous system was randomly assigned into two groups. Control Group received conventional occupational therapy training whereas Experimental group received trunk mobility training (TMT). This training was conducted 45minutes daily, 5 times per week, over a period of 8 week. All patients were tested using a Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) before and after intervention and this study were conducted in the department of Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, Government Medical College & Hospital, Cuddalore District (Erstwhile RMMCH, Annamalai University), T.N, India

Result: The results were analyzed after the intervention of 8 weeks, Shows Pre and Post value of TIS for patient with central nervous system dysfunction. For Control Group, Shows the mean value of Pre-therapy 8.8333 and SD is 1.8633 and post-therapy mean value is 11.5 and SD is 0.7637. Thet value is 3.7300 and p value is less than 0.0005. The Pre and post therapy value of TIS for patient with central nervous system dysfunction, for Experimental Group Shows the Pre-Therapy mean value is 11.50 and the SD is 1.8027 and Post-therapy mean value is 18.666 and SD is 0.9428. The t value is 10.1919 and p value is less than .0001.

Conclusion: This study concluded that, The Trunk Mobility Training (TMT) has more effective in the treatment of trunk balance for patient with central nervous system dysfunction of Some of the Patients were also reported that, this Training improves their daily living activity and overcome their functional limitation.
EXPLORING THE CHALLENGES AND SIGNIFICANCE OF EDUCATION FOR WOMENS EMPOWERMENT: A STUDY IN HOOGHLY DISTRICT
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Chandernagore College, Chandannagore, Hooghly, West Bengal., Bhattacharya Soma
Published: December 2024

Education is crucial for womens welfare, progress, and empowerment. Women face discrimination from conception to death and need greater influence in all areas of life. Empowerment yields strength and leads to rural development. This article aims to study the role of education in womens empowerment inChinsurah,Hooghly District. The study examines the obstacles and challenges faced by womens empowerment in Chinsurah, Hooghly District. It uses a descriptive survey design and a questioner to collect data from both employed and unemployed women. The results show that employed women strongly agree on the importance of education, while unemployed women do not recognize this. The majority of employed women believe that economic problems can be solved through empowerment, while unemployed women accept empowerment as a solution. The study also highlights the challenges faced by women due to traditional gender roles, patriarchal systems, cultural and religious beliefs, economic challenges, educational barriers, health and reproductive issues, and technological barriers.
Morphohistological Structure of Liver in Wild Deer (Cervidae) as Indicator of Population Well-Being
Authors: Perevozchikova Maria , Okulova Iraida , Sergeyev Alexey , Domsky Igor , Shiryaev Valery , Dvornikov Mikhail , Zarubin Boris
Published: December 2024

Wild ungulates are a convenient object for environmental monitoring. The authors used the histological structures in deer’s
liver to assess the well-being of populations in unfavorable anthropogenic and natural habitats.
The research featured liver tissues of red deer (Cervus elaphus), sika deer (Cervus nippon), and fallow deer (Dama dama). The
histosections were examined in a MEIJI TECHNO microscope using the Vision Bio (Epi) software. The statistical processing
involved traditional methods using the correlation and one-factor analysis of variance. The null hypothesis was rejected at
an ingenuity level of ≤ 0.05.
The structure of the hepatic plates, blood vessels, foci of necrosis, and inflammation proved suitable as indicators. The cell
count, structure, shape, ratio of mono- and binuclear hepatocytes, as well as their nuclei and cytoplasm, were assessed by
microscope. The areas of cells, nuclei, and cytoplasm, as well as the value of the nuclear-cytoplasmic index, demonstrated
diagnostic significance. A number of parameters depended on age and sex. The indicators demonstrated reliable correlations.
The animals had a similar histological picture, even when the samples were obtained from geographically separated areas. The
samples showed pathological transformations, including necrotic foci and binucleate hepatocytes. The structure and microvasculature
of hepatic plates were disturbed.
Well-being assessment is a relevant issue for populations of economically important animal species. An environmental monitoring
system with wild ungulates as biological indicators could improve the monitoring system for the state of biota and its
qualitative parameters, as well as ensure the well-being of the livestock and the high quality of the resulting products. The
obtained histomorphometric parameters can be used as reference values in the norm-pathology gradient.
Collagen Hydrolysed from Maral Raw Material: Production Technology and Biochemical Composition
Authors: Krotova Maria , Grishaeva Irina
Published: December 2024

Collagen has a complex beneficial effect on human health, which makes it a popular component in various therapeutic diets. Deer antlers are a promising source of collagen. It has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for more than 20 centuries as an additive that supports the musculoskeletal system. The article describes the effect of extraction technology on the amino acid and biochemical composition of collagen obtained from the Altai wapiti, or maral (Cervus Canadensis).
The research featured hydrolysates obtained from ground skin and tendons of ten marals. The mass fraction of collagen was determined by the concentration of oxyproline. The yield of dry solids was calculated in line with State Standard GOST 316402012. The method of atomic adsorption spectroscopy made it possible to calculate the mass concentration of macro- and microelements. Amine nitrogen was detected by formol titration while the general amino acid composition was studied using the method of high-performance liquid chromatography.
The list of amino acids included glycine (14.36 g/100g), proline (8.87 g/100g), and oxyproline (7.83 g/100 g). Their concentration depended on the production technology. The content of arginine and lysine increased 4–5 times during fermentation and 1.5–2.3 times during high-temperature extraction of oxyproline, glutamic acid, and threonine. A step-by-step hydrolysis protocol with fermentation and high-temperature extraction provided the maximal yield of dry solids and amino acids.
In this study, the collagen hydrolyzed from maral skin and tendons was rich in glycine, proline, and oxyproline, which makes it a prospective additive to be used in products that lack these amino acids. The effect of hydrolyzed maral collagen on the human body needs further research
Elektroeğirme Yöntemi ile Üretilen Antimikrobiyal Nanolif Membranlarda Lycopodium Özütü Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Yüksekdağ Ayşe
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmada, Lycopodium bitkisinden elde edilen fenolik bileşenler kullanılarak çevreci, ekonomik ve büyük ölçekli üretilebilen antimikrobiyal nanolif membranlar geliştirilmiştir. Bitki özütü, oda sıcaklığında polimer çözücüsü DMF ile karıştırılıp süzülerek elde edilmiştir. %12 PAN polimeri ile farklı konsantrasyonlarda Lycopodium özütü içeren çözeltiler hazırlanmış ve elektroeğirme yöntemiyle nanolif membranlar üretilmiştir. Üretilen dört farklı membran (%0, %1, %3, %5 oranlarında bitki özütü içeren membranlar) SEM görüntüleriyle incelenmiş, bitki konsantrasyonunun artışıyla boncuksu yapıların azaldığı ve nanolif kalınlıklarının arttığı gözlenmiştir. %5 oranında özüt içeren membranda nanolif kalınlığı 607 nm’ye çıkarak kontrol membranından yaklaşık üç kat daha kalın olmuştur. FT-IR analizinde 5L membranında oksijen bağlarını temsil eden piklerin kaybolduğu ve 3L membranında antimikrobiyal etkinin başarılı bir şekilde elde edildiği tespit edilmiştir.
Interaction of Triethylamine with Phenylacetylene and Exciplex Formation Study in Solutions
Authors: Barman Shrabani , Islam Sahidul
Published: December 2024

Phenylacetylene interacts with triethylamine in the excited state. Hence, the
formation of weak charge transfer binary molecular complex species popularly known as
exciplex has been investigated. The exciplex is formed probably due to the interaction of
the excited state phenylacetylene dipole and C-H dipole of triethylamine in the non-polar
aprotic solvent cyclohexane.
Exciplex formation is very much dependent on the concentration of triethylamine. Higher
concentrations of triethylamine facilitate the formation of exciplex. Phenylacetylene
absorbs at 271 nm wavelength, and it shows a fluorescence emission peak at 298 nm.
While titrating phenylacetylene against triethylamine in cyclohexane, a new emission
band centered on 422 nm is observed and indicates the formation of exciplex. In cyclohexane,
in higher quencher (triethylamine) concentration (above 14.2 mM), the inaccessible
fraction of phenylacetylene is 0.48±0.06 (≈0.5), which is a close resemblance of
multi-tryptophan protein in water, where half of the sites are solvent inaccessible.
At lower concentrations of triethylamine, the fluorescence quenching of phenylacetylene
is predominantly dynamic, but at higher concentrations, it is complex. In ethanol, the
quenching of fluorescence is purely dynamic.
Therefore, in very high concentrations of triethylamine, fluorescence is almost saturated.
The effect of solvent polarity on molecular aggregation of phenylacetylene with triethylamine
has been studied.
Vitamin C-induced DNA Cleavage Using Curcumin-loaded Fe3O4-silane Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Prabakaran Natarajan , Mareeswaran Paulpandian Muthu , Shanmugavelan Poovan
Published: December 2024

The loading and unloading of a drug into a nanoparticle are the first stages in
the delivery of a nanodrug. This work investigates the loading of curcumin via soft hydrolysis
of silane using iron oxide-silane core-shell nanoparticles. Additionally, the study
examines the sustained release of curcumin from the core-shell nanoparticles over a period
of 70 hours at a physiological pH. The release ability is studied using the absorption
spectral technique. The interaction of DNA is studied using the emission spectral technique.
Drug delivery applications should involve interactions between the released drug
and the biomolecules of the biological systems. Therefore, it can be concluded that this
system is used to study the interaction between curcumin and DNA and vitamin Cinduced
cleavage.
Research Progress of Magnetic Nanomaterials and Magnetic Field based Chemiresistive Gas Sensors
Authors: Chang Jiangnan , Gao Yixun , Hou Zhipeng , Wang Yao
Published: December 2024

With the increasing demand for environmental protection and safety monitoring, the
development of gas sensors with high sensitivity, fast response and selectivity is imperative.
Magnetic field-assisted gas sensing is gradually becoming a research hotspot. This review aims
to provide an overview of magnetic-related chemiresistive gas sensing from two segments, including
magnetic sensing materials and magnetic field-assisted gas sensing. The type of sensors,
the classification and parameters of magnetic materials, and the various materials employed in
gas sensing are summarized. The review presents the currently commonly used methods for influencing
magnetic structure and properties: chemical doping, defect engineering, and heterostructure
construction et al., as well as the application of applied magnetic field in gas sensing.
This paper provides the first overview of chemiresistive gas sensors from a magnetic point of
view, which is crucial for the development of magnetically correlated gas sensing technology and
the subsequent study of the intrinsic mechanisms.
Rationalization Progress of Novel Drug Delivery System for Intra-Periodontal Pockets Against Periodontitis
Authors: Maurya Rishabh , Kumar Prashant , Tiwari Gaurav
Published: December 2024

Periodontitis (PD) is a pathological condition that results in chronic swelling in the tissue
around a tooth, which results in advanced periodontal structural injury to the encircling soft and hard
tissues with eventual exfoliation and movement of teeth. It affects around 60% of the world's population,
indicating a relatively high prevalence. Therefore, the discovery of efficient therapeutic interventions
for dental disorders is a primary goal of the health sciences, and periodontitis is a significant
public health problem. Currently, perioceutics plays a revolutionary role in periodontal therapy
with the introduction of both systemic and local route administration of therapeutic drugs as supportive
therapy to SRP (Scaling and Root Planning). The key to effective periodontal treatment is the
selection of the proper antibacterial agent and the local route of medication delivery. The items mentioned,
including irrigation systems, gels, fibers, films, thin strips, microvesicles, zero-dimensional
nanomaterial, and moderate-dose biocide agents, reflect the innovative site-specific drug delivery
available in the sector, resulting in the fulfillment of antimicrobial substances to sites of periodontal
disease with low to non-existent negative impacts on other bodily systems. The current report seeks
to present the most recent technologies in local biomaterial-based delivery with different properties
that play a significant role in gum disease so that the practitioners are able to select appropriate bioactive
agents for LDDS that are custom-tailored for a given clinical condition, identify present obstacles,
and determine the future research opportunities.
Current Updates on Nanotechnology-based Drug Delivery Platforms for Treating Alzheimer’s with Herbal Drugs
Authors: Ansari Shakeel Ahmed , Alshanberi Asim Muhammad , Satar Rukhsana , Abujamai Jakleen , Ashraf Ghulam Md
Published: December 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible brain disorder that led to memory loss and
disrupts daily life. Earlier strategies to treat AD such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) drugs
are not showing effectiveness due to the inability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, traditional
AChEI provides limited efficacy in terms of bioavailability and solubility for treating AD
treatment. Many of the current drugs such as donepezil taken to treat the disease exhibited harmful
side effects. Hence, researchers are keen to find the alternative effective therapeutic agents for treating
AD. This review summarizes the recent advancement in nanotechnology-based drug delivery
systems of herbal drugs such as Curcumin, Ginkgo biloba, Salvia officinalis, etc for the prevention
and cure of AD. Herbal drugs proved useful in treating neuronal disorders such as AD but exhibited
some limitations like low bioavailability via oral drug delivery. Such limitations were overcome by
tagging these drugs by nanoparticles which enables them to cross the blood-brain barrier and offer
the delivery of greater concentration of herbal drugs to the brain. Inorganic nanoparticle-based drugdelivery
systems such as gold nanoparticles and magnetic nanoparticles, organic nanoparticulate
systems like polymeric micelles and dendrimers, and solid polymeric nanoparticles were some of the
effective methods that have earlier shown potential for enhancing the delivery of herbal drugs to the
brain. Long-term repeated injection of drugs loaded on nanomaterials can lead to the accumulation
of nanomaterials in the body without timely and effective degradation which can cause serious issues
to the brain. Hence, nanotechnology-based strategies should involve the formulation of nontoxic
nanoparticles in such a way that they can significantly transport the drugs across the BBB followed
by effective degradation of nanoparticles.
Influence of Chromium(VI) on the Environment and Metabolic Processes in the Body
Authors: Kotyk Bohdan , Iskra Ruslana
Published: December 2024

Cr(VI) is a heavy metal characterized by potent toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, and
prooxidant properties. Cr(VI) is one of the eight metals that are among the most toxic compounds
and are of great concern to scientists due to the global risk to human health. In recent years,
Cr(VI) has attracted the attention of environmental researchers due to the increased level of
ecosystem contamination by Cr compounds in many countries. The toxic and carcinogenic effects
of Cr(VI) in cells of living organisms are realized through the activation of three main mechanisms:
oxidative stress, direct damage to cellular DNA, and disruption of epigenetic mechanisms
of genome regulation. The review brings together updated data on the main mechanisms of Cr(VI)
toxicity and the protective role of antioxidants in cells of living organisms poisoned by the corresponding
heavy metal. The review also summarizes the currently available information on the negative
impact of Cr(VI) compounds on the environment and Cr(VI)-induced disorders of pro/antioxidant
status, hematological profile, and lipid and protein metabolism.
Advanced Digital Technologies for Promoting Indian Culture and Tourism through Cinema
Authors: Pathak Ramesh Chandra , Agarwal Priyam , Gehlot Anita , Singh Rajesh , Akram Shaik Vaseem , Gupta Lovi Raj , Thakur Amit Kumar , Priyadarshi Neeraj , Twala Bhekisipho
Published: December 2024

Culture and Tourism are two mainly interrelated elements that contribute a lot to
achieving Sustainable Development for any developing country especially India, which has an
extremely rich historical and cultural background. Tourism Industry is the fastest growing sector
in a local economy creating several job opportunities which ultimately raise the standard of living
of people which further raises the consumption level of goods and services, resulting in a
rise in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country. However, various studies pointed out
major promotional strategies concerning tourism and culture but an amalgamated promotional
approach for both was still missing. With this motivation, the current study aims at providing an
amalgamated promotional approach in assimilation with the latest Industry 4.0 technologies
such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Big Data, Blockchain, Virtual Reality
(VR), Digital Twin and Metaverse to the Indian tourism industry by reviewing prior research
studies. The findings of the current study are establishing an online future travel demands
forecasting system, an online tourists’ destination personalized recommendation system, an
online tourist’s review analysis recommendation system, and an online destination image recommendation
system and provide the practical design for it through 1+5 Architectural Views
Model and by applying several ML algorithms such as CNN, BPNN, SVM, Collaborative Filtering,
K-means Clustering, API Emotion, and Naïve Bayes algorithms. Finally, this study has
discussed challenges and suggested vital recommendations for future work with the assimilation
of Industry 4.0 technologies.
A PSO-Optimized Neural Network and ABC Feature Selection Approach with eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) for Natural Disaster Prediction
Authors: Sassi Mounira , Idoudi Hanen
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

”Artificial Intelligence will revolutionize our lives” is a phrase frequently
echoed. The influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) extends
across various aspects of our daily lives, encompassing health, education, economics, the
environment, and more.

Method:

A particularly formidable challenge lies in decision support, especially in critical scenarios
such as natural disaster management, where artificial intelligence significantly amplifies
its ongoing capacity to assist in making optimal decisions. In the realm of disaster management,
the primary focus often centers on preventing or mitigating the impact of disasters. Consequently,
it becomes imperative to anticipate their occurrence in terms of both time and location,
enabling the effective implementation of necessary strategies and measures. In our research,
we propose a disaster forecasting framework based on a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP)
empowered by the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The PSO-MLP is further fortified
by the incorporation of the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm for feature selection,
pinpointing the most critical elements. Subsequently, we employ the LIME (Local Interpretable
Model-agnostic Explanations) model, a component of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI).
This comprehensive approach aims to assist managers and decision-makers in comprehending
the factors influencing the determination of the occurrence of such disasters and increases the
performance of the PSO-MLP model. The approach, specifically applied to predict snow avalanches,
has yielded impressive results.

Result:

The obtained accuracy of 0.92 and an AUC of 0.94 demonstrate the effectiveness of
the proposed framework. In comparison, the prediction precision achieved through an SVM is
0.75, while the RF classifier yields 0.86, and XGBoost reaches 0.77. Notably, the precision is
further enhanced to 0.81 when utilizing XGBoost optimized by the grid-search.

Conclusion:

These results highlight the superior performance of the proposed methodology,
showcasing its potential for accurate and reliable snow avalanche predictions compared to other
established models.
Creation of Technology and Devices for the Preparation of Motor Fuels Containing Biocomponents
Authors: Grishnyaev Igor
Published: December 2024

Background:

In the world, active research is being conducted to create motor fuels
containing bio-oil as a component, derived from renewable, environmentally friendly sources of
raw materials such as wood processing waste, agriculture, marine algae, etc. One of the most
commonly used technologies for bio-oil production is fast pyrolysis. Due to the physical and
chemical properties of such bio-oil, direct blending with petroleum motor fuel is not possible.

Objective:

The goal of the conducted research was to develop technology and devices to address
this issue. Fundamental developments in the field of nonlinear wave mechanics formed the basis
for these endeavors.

Methods:

During the research, designs for motor fuel preparation devices were developed, and
mathematical modeling of the mixing processes of fuel components was carried out. The obtained
data were analyzed and transferred to natural samples, which were examined during experiments.

Results:

As a result, blended fuels based on bio-oil (up to 15% by weight) and diesel fuel (marine)
with stability of up to 10 days without the use of surface-active substances (SF) and 25-30 days
with the addition of SF (up to 0.5% by weight) were obtained.

Conclusion:

Fuel containing SF is re-homogenized by traditional stirring for at least 3 months.
The obtained results confirmed the correctness of the chosen approach and the feasibility of using
the developed technology for preparing blended motor fuel containing bio-oil.

conclusion:

Based on the research results, the developed technology and cavitation wave devices can be recommended for the preparation of mixtures of motor fuels with bio-oil
Quantum-Mechanical Explanation of Young’s double slit Experiment through Simulation of the Photon Coordinate Wave Function
Authors: Davydov Alexandr , Zlydneva Tatiana
Published: December 2024

Background:

In the rapidly developing areas of photonics associated with quantum
teleportation of photons, quantum cryptography, and quantum computing, ideas are becoming increasingly
relevant about the certain localized states of single or several entangled photons moving
in space and time. As is known, in quantum mechanics, localized states of particles can only
be described using wave functions in coordinate representation – the corresponding wave packets.

Aims:

To explain Young's one- and two-photon experiments using coordinate 6-component quantum
mechanical and 1-component quasi-classical photon wave functions.

Methods:

The article outlines the method developed in authors' previous work in constructing the
6-component coordinate wave function of free photons in the form of the wave packet (an integral
over the entire momentum space and sum over two possible values +1 and -1 of the helicity). The
basis functions are the circularly polarized monochromatic waves, corresponding to certain values
of the momentum, helicity, and photon energy operators and forming a complete orthonormal set
of generalized eigenfunctions of these operators. This photon wave function (PWF) is normalized
to the unit probability of finding the photon anywhere in space. Both the basis functions and the
coordinate PWF satisfy a Schrödinger-type equation derived from the Maxwell-Lorentz equations
written in quantum mechanical form first introduced by Majorana. Then the results of modeling
and consideration of the space-time evolution of the wave packet with Gaussian momentum
distribution corresponding to the directed photon emission for 80 fs are briefly presented. Further,
in view of the possibility of constructing the coordinate PWF, the basic formula for the waveparticle
duality of photons and particles is formulated. It is emphasized that the photon is
fundamentally different from “ordinary” particles, since, according to the authors, the photon is
the result of the propagation of a certain complex spin wave in a physical vacuum, the details of
which can only be considered simultaneously with the study of the structure of the physical
vacuum at Planckian distances.

Results:

Young's one- and two-photon experiments are explained using various options for
modeling 6-component coordinate PWFs, including approximate functions corresponding to
spherically symmetric and electric dipole photon radiation.

Conclusion:

This explanation is illustrated using specific examples of radiation and, at the same
time, is compared with numerical simulations for spherically symmetric radiation and the use of
1-component quasi-classical PWFs.
Probiotic: A Gut Microbiota-Based Therapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Rout Monalisa , Prusty Shakti Ketan , Kar Durga Madhab
Published: December 2024

The estimated worldwide number of individuals diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD)
might exceed 10 million by 2040. However, the underlying evidence for PD is unclear. Recent research
in Parkinson's disease has focused on exploring the gut-brain axis. Researchers have proposed
that gut microbiota and gut dysbiosis contribute to peripheral inflammatory conditions. The
involvement of gut pathogens and dysbiosis in peripheral inflammatory diseases has been hypothesized.
In Parkinson's disease, the metabolic effects associated with gut dysbiosis accelerate nerve
cell loss and damage. The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) establishes the relationship between
the brain and the gut through the bidirectional vagus nerve. The MGBA promotes digestive system
regulation and is responsible for maintaining metabolic homeostasis under regular conditions. Helicobacter
pylori, Enterococcus faecalis, and Desulfovibrio are gut bacteria whose relative abundance
has been associated with Parkinson's disease etiology and treatment efficacy. Numerous clinical and
preclinical studies have substantiated the therapeutic potential of probiotics in treating Parkinson's
disease via the gut-brain axis. The technique appears to have benefited from a combination of favorable
conditions that led to its success. The present study investigated whether administering the
probiotic can be a better therapeutic intervention for PD or not. Although widespread, no medicines
exist to halt the neurodegenerative effects of PD. Some probiotics raised brain dopamine levels,
slowed or stopped neuronal death, and improved motor function in models of toxin-induced and genetic
PD in mice, rats, flies, and induced pluripotent stem cells. Probiotics control gut dysbiosis,
thereby preventing neurodegeneration in PD via the gut-brain axis. Probiotics are used to control
the principal dangers of oxidative stress and alpha-synuclein (α-synuclein) aggregation. Probiotics,
which contain beneficial microorganisms such as Lactobacillus, Blautia, Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae,
Prevotellaceae, and Akkermansia, may help alleviate PD symptoms and slow the disease's
progression. Numerous probiotic bacteria can treat the neurodegenerative condition. As a result, this
review paper focuses on the current understanding of the link between PD and gut microbiota while
also providing comprehensive information about the neuroprotective function of probiotics.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE DANGERS OF CIGARETTES AND CARBON MONOXIDE LEVELS OF BREATHING AIR IN STUDENTS FROM A HIGH SCHOOL IN MALANG
Authors: Pratiwi Suryanti Dwi , Setyawan Ungky Agus , Mafisah Saidah , Muhammad Iqbal , Asyari Claudia Herda Asyari , Dini Zata , Pratiwi Eka , Lyono Albert , Delfianto Dwiroza , Hikmah Naila Nur , Suardana I Made , Martha Martha
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze the relationship between the level of knowledge about the dangers of smoking and smoking behavior and exposure to cigarette smoke in high school students. This quantitative descriptive research with a cross-sectional design involved 114 students from one Malang Senior High School, with sampling using a simple random sampling method. Using a CO analyzer, data was collected through questionnaires to measure students' knowledge levels and measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) in breathing air. The study results showed that 62% of the respondents were women and 38% were men, with an average age of 16.8 years. As many as 80% of students do not smoke, while the other 20% are active smokers. The average CO level of the students' breath air was 3.34 PPM, with active smokers showing significantly higher CO levels (7.74 PPM) compared to passive smokers (2.06 PPM) and non-smoking students (2.61 PPM). The ANOVA statistical test showed a significant difference in CO levels between groups (p < 0.05). Although the level of students' knowledge about the dangers of smoking was relatively high (average pretest 124), no significant relationship was found between knowledge and smoking behavior (p = 0.802). The study concluded that although knowledge about the dangers of smoking is moderate, smoking behavior among male students remains high, suggesting the need for more in-depth interventions to address the social and psychological factors that support smoking behavior.