bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mediating the real: Treme’s activated aesthetic
Authors: Moylan Katie
Published: August 2019

This article explores how Treme (HBO 2010–2013) deploys reflexive aesthetic strategies to produce a critique of governmental and municipal corruption and negligence following Hurricane Katrina. Set and filmed in New Orleans, Treme negotiates additional complex layers given that many events referenced are real. The series reworks normative representations of New Orleans typified by an overdetermined authenticity in a reflexive interrogation of recent experience and historical memory. I argue Treme develops an ‘activated aesthetic’ through two textual strategies: opening credit sequences and ‘televisual moments’, mobilising these aesthetic devices to develop a complex, explicitly politicised representation of post-Katrina New Orleans.
Calling #TimesUp on the TV period drama rape narrative
Authors: Byrne Katherine , Taddeo Julie Anne
Published: August 2019

This article explores the rape plotlines in Poldark (2015–), Outlander (2014–) and Banished (2015), which mostly take place prior to #MeToo and offer a pre-watershed insight into a time when rape could still be romanticised and eroticised in a way which might not, or at least should not, be possible after October 2017. However, these plots opened up conversations about consent, rape myths and rape fantasy and hence form part of the dialogue and increasingly public awareness about sexual violence which made #MeToo possible in the first place. How fans respond to rape narratives pre- and post-#MeToo is also considered.
The prevalence of intracranial stenosis in patients at low and moderate risk of stroke
Authors: Chen Hong-xiu , Wang Li-juan , Yang Yi , Yue Fei-xue , Chen Li-min , Xing Ying-qi
Published: August 2019

Background:

Previous studies assessing the risk of stroke in the general population performed screening with Doppler ultrasonography only for high-risk patients and neglected low- and moderate-risk patients. The aims of this study were to explore the current prevalence of intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS) and analyze its association with different levels of stroke risk and risk factors based on the risk assessment scale for stroke used in China.

Methods:

A total of 3654 participants who underwent transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) were eligible for inclusion. Information regarding demographic characteristics and risk factors such as alcohol consumption and hypertension was collected through interviews and questionnaires and used to analyze the association of ICAS with different levels of stroke risk and risk factors.

Results:

The mean age of 501 subjects diagnosed with at least one ICAS was higher than that of participants without ICAS (57.13 ± 9.56 years and 55.52 ± 9.35 years, respectively). After adjusting for confounding factors, gender, education, residence, hypertension and personal history of stroke were associated with ICAS. The odds ratios for ICAS in patients with hypertension and a personal history of stroke were 1.655 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.341–2.043] and 1.854 (95% CI: 1.371–2.508), respectively. In addition, participants in the low- and moderate-risk stroke groups accounted for an unexpectedly high proportion of individuals with ICAS (up to 38.3%). Results from multivariate analyses indicated that the adjusted odds ratios for ICAS in patients with moderate and high stroke risks versus those with a low stroke risk were 1.603 (95% CI: 1.171–2.195) and 1.612 (95% CI: 1.272–2.042), respectively.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of ICAS is high in northeast China and increases with the level of stroke risk. However, the proportion of patients with ICAS among those with low and moderate stroke risks should also be noted.
A method for evaluating the wind disturbance rejection capability of a hybrid UAV in the quadrotor mode
Authors: Zhang Hang , Song Bifeng , Wang Haifeng , Xuan Jianlin
Published: August 2019

The wind disturbance rejection capability of a quadrotor fixed-wing hybrid unmanned aerial vehicle (QFHUAV) in the quadrotor mode is an important factor restricting its large-scale applications. In this paper, based on static equilibrium analysis of the quadrotor mode of a QFHUAV with a wind disturbance, a method for analyzing and evaluating the wind disturbance rejection capability of the QFHUAV in the quadrotor mode is presented. The six degrees-of-freedom (6-DOF) static equilibrium equations of the QFHUAV are established in headwind and crosswind situations. The maximum wind velocity that satisfies the equilibrium equations under the constraints of the maximum thrust and torque of the quadrotor propulsion system is used to determine the wind disturbance rejection capability of the QFHUAV in the quadrotor mode. A QFHUAV with a twin-boom is used as an example to analyze and evaluate its wind disturbance rejection capability in the quadrotor mode. The configuration parameters, quadrotor propulsion system parameters, and aerodynamic parameters affecting the wind disturbance rejection capability of the QFHUAV in the quadrotor mode are presented, discussed, and explained. The yawing moment from the wind disturbance is the main factor threatening the safe flight of the QFHUAV in the quadrotor mode. The rotor disk angle, the maximum thrust of the quadrotor propulsion system, and the moment arms of the components of the quadrotor propulsion system thrust are the main factors affecting the wind disturbance rejection capability of the QFHUAV in the quadrotor mode. Increasing these parameter values is an effective approach to improve the wind disturbance rejection capability of the QFHUAV in the quadrotor mode. From the perspective of wind disturbance rejection capability, tailless and X-type layouts are better choices for QFHUAVs. The correctness of results obtained by the proposed method is verified by two flight test schemes.
Quantitative MRI UTE-T2* and T2* Show Progressive and Continued Graft Maturation Over 2 Years in Human Patients After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Chu Constance R. , Williams Ashley A.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Noninvasive quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures to assess anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft maturity are needed to help inform return to high-demand activities and to evaluate the effectiveness of new treatments to accelerate ACL graft maturation. Quantitative MRI ultrashort echo time T2* (UTE-T2*) and T2* mapping captures short T2 signals arising from collagen-associated water in dense regular connective tissues, such as tendon, ligament, and maturing grafts, which are invisible to conventional MRI.

Hypothesis:

Quantitative MRI UTE-T2* and T2* mapping is sensitive to ACL graft changes over the first 2 years after ACL reconstruction (ACLR).

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A total of 32 patients (18 men; mean ± SD age, 30 ± 9 years) undergoing unilateral ACLR and 30 uninjured age-matched controls (18 men; age, 30 ± 9 years) underwent 3-T MRI examination. Patients who underwent ACLR were imaged at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 and 2 years postoperatively. Two separate ACLR cohorts were scanned with 2 MRI platforms at 2 institutions. Twelve ACLR knees were scanned with a 3-dimensional acquisition-weighted stack of spirals UTE sequence on a Siemens scanner, and 20 ACLR knees were scanned with a 3-dimensional Cones UTE sequence on a GE scanner. UTE-T2* or T2* maps were calculated for the intra-articular portion of the ACL graft.

Results:

Mean ACL graft UTE-T2* and T2* decreased from 1 to 2 years after ACLR. ACL graft T2* increased 25% to 30% during the first 6 months ( P < .013) to a level not different from that of uninjured native ACL ( P > .4), stabilized between 6 months and 1 year ( P ≥ .999), and then decreased 19% between 1 and 2 years after ACLR ( P = .027). At 6-month follow-up, ACL graft UTE-T2* differed from that of tendon ( P < .02) but not uninjured native ACL ( P > .7) and showed the greatest variability among patients.

Conclusion:

UTE-T2* mapping suggested substantial changes within the graft during the first 6 months postsurgery. T2* and UTE-T2* mapping showed relatively stable graft composition from 6 months to 1 year, consistent with remodeling, followed by decreases from 1 to 2 years, suggestive of continuing maturation. MRI UTE-T2* and T2* mapping demonstrated potential clinical utility as noninvasive quantitative imaging metrics for evaluation of human ACL grafts.
Mind the Gaps: A Qualitative Study Combining Patients’ and Nurses’ Reflections on Pain Care
Authors: Gjesdal Kine , Dysvik Elin , Furnes Bodil
Published: August 2019

Chronic noncancer pain is a serious health problem, one that is often associated with physical debility and emotional suffering. Although chronic noncancer pain is one of the primary reasons that people seek medical care, a significant body of evidence indicates that chronic pain is underdiagnosed and undertreated. There is a consensus among professional stakeholders in pain care that there is a need to strengthen quality, capacity, and competence in pain management at all levels of health care. Thus, there is a need for more in-depth knowledge of both the recipients and the providers of pain care, and qualitative studies can contribute to this. The aim is to explore and combine the perspectives of patients receiving pain care and registered nurses providing care at pain clinics. A multimethod design was based on two qualitative studies consisting of semistructured interviews with patients receiving pain care ( N = 10) and nurses providing pain care at pain clinics ( N = 10). Qualitative content analysis was applied to interpret and abstract their experiences. The themes developed from triangulation revealed significant gaps between ideal pain care and actual practice: “Dissonance in reflections on personalized care,” “A corresponding need for improved information flow in all levels,” and “A corresponding need for improved structure in pain care.” We suggest a stronger commitment to efficient information flow and person-centered communication to facilitate the patient involvement and self-management. In addition, more resources, education, and training are necessary to enable nurses and other professionals to act upon guidelines and ensure effective pain care.
Cirmtuzumab blocks Wnt5a/ROR1 stimulation of NF-κB to repress autocrine STAT3 activation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Chen Yun , Chen Liguang , Yu Jian , Ghia Emanuela M. , Choi Michael Y. , Zhang Ling , Zhang Suping , Sanchez-Lopez Elsa , Widhopf George F. , Messer Karen , Rassenti Laura Z. , Jamieson Catriona , Kipps Thomas J.
Published: August 2019

Key Points

Nurse-like cells express Wnt5a to induce ROR1-dependent stimulation of NF-κB, which leads to autocrine IL-6-induced STAT3 activation in CLL cells. Cirmtuzumab inhibits Wnt5a-induced, ROR1-dependent stimulation of NF-κB, and thereby represses autocrine IL-6-dependent STAT3 activation in CLL.
Pathophysiology and management of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance
Authors: Jain Ankur , Haynes Richard , Kothari Jaimal , Khera Akhil , Soares Maria , Ramasamy Karthik
Published: August 2019

Recent years have witnessed a rapid growth in our understanding of the pathogenic property of monoclonal proteins. It is evident that some of these small monoclonal proteins are capable of inducing end-organ damage as a result of their intrinsic physicochemical properties. Hence, an umbrella term, monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance (MGCS), has been coined to include myriad conditions attributed to these pathogenic proteins. Because kidneys are the most commonly affected organ (but skin, peripheral nerves, and heart can also be involved), we discuss MGRS exclusively in this review. Mechanisms of renal damage may involve direct or indirect effects. Renal biopsy is mandatory and demonstration of monoclonal immunoglobulin in kidney, along with the corresponding immunoglobulin in serum or urine, is key to establish the diagnosis. Pitfalls exist at each diagnostic step, and a high degree of clinical suspicion is required to diagnose MGRS. Recognition of MGRS by hematologists and nephrologists is important, because timely clone-directed therapy improves renal outcomes. Autologous stem cell transplant may benefit selected patients.
Use of regression to study the effect of fabric parameters on the adhesion of 3D printed PLA polymer onto woven fabrics
Authors: Mpofu Nonsikelelo Sheron , Mwasiagi Josphat Igadwa , Nkiwane Londiwe C. , Njuguna David
Published: August 2019

The use of the three-dimensional (3D) printing technique is gaining popularity due to its ability to produce products with minimum waste. 3D printing can be used to add polymers onto woven fabrics to produce novel structures. This research work concentrated on the study of the fabric properties affecting the adhesion of Polylactic Acid (PLA) polymer onto selected fabrics. Different fabrics made from cotton, polyester and acrylic, were selected and using 3D printing, PLA polymer was printed onto the fabric surface. Regression models were used to study the effect of selected fabric properties on the adhesion of PLA polymer onto the woven fabrics. The results obtained in this research work indicated that fabric areal density, warp count (Tex), weft count (Tex), fabric thickness and fabric handle indicated a positive correlation with adhesion of PLA onto woven fabrics. On the other hand, warp ends/inch and weft picks/inch showed a negative correlation with the adhesion of PLA polymer onto woven fabrics.
Overburden characterization with formation pore pressure and anisotropic stress field estimation in the Athabasca Basin, Canada
Authors: Dumitrescu Carmen C. , Talinga Draga A.
Published: August 2019

One of the challenges encountered during the life cycle of an oil-sand thermal-production reservoir is the prediction of the formation pore pressure and in situ stress regime during the assessment phase of the reservoir development and, more importantly, during the development phase. We have investigated the state of formation pore pressure and stress in the overburden — represented by the Clearwater Formation, Grand Rapids Formation, and Colorado Group — of a preproduction oil-sands reservoir situated in the Athabasca Basin of Alberta, Canada. Our methodology integrates pressure data from piezometers, stress data from mini-frac (MF), dipole sonic logs, and elastic properties obtained from multicomponent 3D seismic inversion data. It combines the Terzaghi effective stresses with the Schoenberg and Sayers elastic stiffness matrix for horizontal transversely isotropic fractured materials. The total principal stresses (vertical, minimum, and maximum horizontal stresses) are expressed as functions of the normal fracture weakness (anisotropic correction factor), formation pore pressure, seismic data (Lamé constants), and the Biot-Willis coefficient. The effective principal stresses are estimated from the equivalent total principal stresses and the formation pore pressure multiplied by the Biot-Willis coefficient. On all three overburden intervals analysed, the relations between principal stresses indicate a normal stress regime. The estimated total minimum horizontal stress matches the MF values within 10%. The formation pore pressure, along with the 3D seismically derived estimates of the total and effective principal stresses, allows for better assessment of the caprock integrity and for operational savings based on a reduced number of MF tests. It can also be used for stress estimation within the formations hosting aquifers, which is so important for thermal production. Understanding the subsurface on the reservoir area is important for efficient production, but knowing the subsurface of the overburden is equally important for reducing potential issues due to production.
Bones and Joints: The Effects of Cannabinoids on the Skeleton
Authors: Ehrenkranz Joel , Levine Michael A
Published: August 2019

Context

The endocannabinoid system uses tissue-specific lipid ligands and G protein‒coupled transmembrane receptors to regulate neurologic, metabolic, and immune responses. Recent studies demonstrate that the endocannabinoid system influences bone metabolism. With the increasing use of endocannabinoid mimetics (e.g., tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol), the involvement of endocannabinoids in bone growth and remodeling has become clinically relevant.

Evidence Acquisition

This literature review is based on a search of PubMed and Google Scholar databases as of June 2019 for all English-language publications relating to cannabinoids and bone. We evaluated retrieved articles for relevance, experimental design, data acquisition, statistical analysis, and conclusions.

Evidence Synthesis

Preclinical studies establish a role for endocannabinoids in bone metabolism. These studies yield complex and often contradictory results attributed to differences in the specific experimental model examined. Studies using human cells or subjects are limited.

Conclusions

In vitro and animal models document that endocannabinoids are involved in bone biology. The relevance of these observations to humans is not clear. The increasing long-term use of medical and recreational cannabis underscores the need to better understand the role of endocannabinoids in human bone metabolism. Moreover, it is important to evaluate the role of endocannabinoids as a therapeutic target to prevent and treat disorders associated with bone loss.
Sex Hormone Phenotypes in Young Girls and the Age at Pubertal Milestones
Authors: Fassler Cecily S , Gutmark-Little Iris , Xie Changchun , Giannini Courtney M , Chandler Donald W , Biro Frank M , Pinney Susan M
Published: August 2019

Context

The age of pubertal onset is influenced by many variables in young girls. Previous studies have not examined sex hormones longitudinally around the time of breast development and their relationship to pubertal onset.

Objective

We sought to use an unbiased statistical approach to identify phenotypes of sex hormones in young girls and examine their relationship with pubertal milestones.

Design and Setting

Longitudinal observational study.

Participants and Main Outcome Measures

In 269 girls, serum concentrations of steroid sex hormones [estradiol (E2), estrone, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate] were measured by HPLC-mass spectrometry at time points before, at, and after thelarche. Girls were classified into four hormone phenotypes using objective principal components and cluster analyses of longitudinal hormone data. The association between the identified phenotypes and age of pubertal milestones was estimated using Cox proportional hazards modeling.

Results

Mean ages at thelarche, pubarche, and menarche were 9.02, 9.85, and 12.30 years, respectively. Girls with low levels of all four hormones, phenotype 3b, were youngest at thelarche (8.67 years); those in phenotype 2, with the highest E2 levels and E2 surge 6 months after thelarche, were youngest at menarche (11.87 years) with shortest pubertal tempo. When controlling for race, maternal age of menarche, caregiver education, and body mass, different phenotypes were associated with the age of pubertal events.

Conclusions

Hormone phenotypic clustering can identify clinically relevant subgroups with differing ages of thelarche, pubarche, and menarche. These findings may enhance the understanding of timing of pubertal milestones and risk of adult disease.
Three Discrete Patterns of Primary Aldosteronism Lateralization in Response to Cosyntropin During Adrenal Vein Sampling
Authors: Wannachalee Taweesak , Zhao Lili , Nanba Kazutaka , Nanba Aya T , Shields James J , Rainey William E , Auchus Richard J , Turcu Adina F
Published: August 2019

Context

Cosyntropin [ACTH (1–24)] stimulation during adrenal vein (AV) sampling (AVS) enhances the confidence in the success of AV cannulation and circumvents intraprocedure hormonal fluctuations. Cosyntropin’s effect on primary aldosteronism (PA) lateralization, however, is controversial.

Objectives

To define the major patterns of time-dependent lateralization, and their determinants, after cosyntropin stimulation during AVS.

Methods

We retrospectively studied patients with PA who underwent AVS before, 10, and 20 minutes after cosyntropin stimulation between 2009 and 2018. Unilateral (U) or bilateral (B) PA was determined on the basis of a lateralization index (LI) value ≥4 or <4, respectively. Available adrenal tissue underwent aldosterone synthase–guided next-generation sequencing.

Results

PA lateralization was concordant between basal and cosyntropin-stimulated AVS in 169 of 222 patients (76%; U/U, n = 110; B/B, n = 59) and discordant in 53 patients (24%; U/B, n = 32; B/U, n = 21). Peripheral and dominant AV aldosterone concentrations and LI were highest in U/U patients and progressively lower across intermediate and B/B groups. LI response to cosyntropin increased in 27% of patients, decreased in 33%, and remained stable in 40%. Baseline aldosterone concentrations predicted the LI pattern across time (P < 0.001). Mutation status was defined in 61 patients. Most patients with KCNJ5 mutations had descending LI, whereas those with ATP1A1 and ATP2B3 mutations had ascending LI after cosyntropin stimulation.

Conclusion

Patients with severe PA lateralized robustly regardless of cosyntropin use. Cosyntropin stimulation reveals intermediate PA subtypes; its impact on LI varies with baseline aldosterone concentrations and aldosterone-driver mutations.
Maternal Thyroid Function, Use of Antithyroid Drugs in Early Pregnancy, and Birth Defects
Authors: Andersen Stine Linding , Knøsgaard Louise , Olsen Jørn , Vestergaard Peter , Andersen Stig
Published: August 2019

Context

Antithyroid drug (ATD) therapy in early pregnancy is associated with birth defects, but more data are needed to substantiate the risk associated with different types of ATD. Furthermore, the role of abnormal maternal thyroid function per se remains unclarified.

Objective

To evaluate the risk of birth defects associated with the use of ATD in an extended nationwide cohort and the role of abnormal maternal thyroid function in birth cohorts including stored maternal blood samples from early pregnancy.

Participants

Danish pregnant women and their live-born children, including 1,243,353 children from a Nationwide Register-Based Cohort (NRBC), 1997 to 2016; 8830 children from the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC), 1997 to 2003; and 14,483 children from the North Denmark Region Pregnancy Cohort (NDRPC), 2011 to 2015.

Main Outcome Measures

Birth defects diagnosed before 2 years of age.

Results

In the NRBC, altogether 2718 (0.2%) children had been exposed to ATD in early pregnancy. The overall frequency of birth defects was 6.7% (95% CI, 6.7% to 6.8%) in nonexposed children and higher after exposure to methimazole/carbimazole (9.6%; 95% CI, 8.2% to 11.2%) and propylthiouracil (8.3%; 95% CI, 6.7% to 10.3%). On the other hand, the frequency of maternal thyroid dysfunction in early pregnancy was similar in the random cohort and in cases of birth defect in the DNBC (12.4 vs 12.6%, P = 0.8) and the NDRPC (15.1 vs 15.4%, P = 0.8).

Conclusions

Results corroborate an increased risk of birth defects associated with the use of ATD in early pregnancy and suggest that abnormal maternal thyroid function is not a major risk factor for birth defects.
Addressing Social Determinants of Health through Medicaid: Lessons from Oregon
Authors: Kushner Jonah , McConnell K. John
Published: August 2019

States and policy makers have expressed a strong interest in using Medicaid to address social determinants of health (SDOH). While this approach holds promise for improving outcomes and reducing costs, using Medicaid to pay for services outside the medical system creates challenges. This article examines efforts to address SDOH in Oregon, which, as part of its 2012 Medicaid waiver, incorporated health-related services that lacked billing or encounter codes and were not included in Oregon's Medicaid state plan as a strategy to improve outcomes and control costs. We examine the varieties of health-related services that were used and describe the specific challenges in deploying and paying for these services. We conclude with lessons from Oregon that can help states and the federal government as they work to address SDOH.
Trans-Arab-Jew
Authors: Katri Ido
Published: August 2019

In this article, Mizrahi (Jews of Arab descent) and trans legal claims will serve to expose the law as a tactic of stability. These experiences, positioned at the in-between of stable legal categories, embody the “other” of law, the affective ideologies that the law refuses. If transgender as an identity category emerged from the violent process of separating homosexuality and transsexuality to constitute gayness as normative, Mizrahi emerged from pitting the Jew and the Arab against each other to constitute the “new Jew,” a coherent member of a normative (whitened) nation. Yet the Arab and the Jew, the trans and the homo, are not separate spheres of being but constitute one another, exposing the excesses of gender/sex and race/ethnicity. The Mizrahi and the trans experience cannot escape the desire for normalization or the trauma of otherness, whose materialization into rights and property they critique. Still, the realities of in-betweenness hold the possibility of exceeding coherence, in a state of constant transition between mutually exclusive categories of being. Both positions serve as an affective intervention if they are considered as transitional spaces where one can dare to question the stability of reality and accept its shifting compromise formulation.
Trans* Atlantic Religion
Authors: Escalante Alejandro Stephano
Published: August 2019

This article is about spirit possession in Cuban Santería and how the relationship between an orisha and their devotee reveals an unstable gender identity that avails itself to trans* studies. Taking an ethnographic scene from the work of Aisha M. Beliso-De Jesús, wherein a female devotee named Belkis is possessed by her male orisha Changó, this article argues that Santería offers a genderqueer way of understanding the relationship between gods and humans. It makes use of Jack Halberstam's differentiation between “trans*” and “trans,” in which the former allows for myriad gender identities and contradictions that the stability of “trans” might otherwise seek to concretize. The modification of “transatlantic” to “trans* Atlantic” allows for a consideration of the fluidity of genders and sexuality that is often missed in black Atlantic studies and highlights the important role of religion in gender and black Atlantic studies.
CyTargetLinker app update: A flexible solution for network extension in Cytoscape
Authors: Kutmon Martina , Ehrhart Friederike , Willighagen Egon L. , Evelo Chris T. , Coort Susan L.
Published: August 2019

Here, we present an update of the open-source CyTargetLinker app for Cytoscape (http://apps.cytoscape.org/apps/cytargetlinker) that introduces new automation features. CyTargetLinker provides a simple interface to extend networks with links to relevant data and/or knowledge extracted from so-called linksets. The linksets are provided on the CyTargetLinker website (https://cytargetlinker.github.io/) or can be custom-made for specific use cases. The new automation feature enables users to programmatically execute the app’s functionality in Cytoscape (command line tool) and with external tools (e.g. R, Jupyter, Python, etc). This allows users to share their analysis workflows and therefore increase repeatability and reproducibility. Three use cases demonstrate automated workflows, combinations with other Cytoscape apps and core Cytoscape functionality. We first extend a protein-protein interaction network created with the stringApp, with compound-target interactions and disease-gene annotations. In the second use case, we created a workflow to load differentially expressed genes from an experimental dataset and extend it with gene-pathway associations. Lastly, we chose an example outside the biological domain and used CyTargetLinker to create an author-article-journal network for the five authors of this manuscript using a two-step extension mechanism.

With 400 downloads per month in the last year and nearly 20,000 downloads in total, CyTargetLinker shows the adoption and relevance of the app in the field of network biology. In August 2019, the original publication was cited in 83 articles demonstrating the applicability in biomedical research.
Role of microsatellites in genetic analysis of Bombyx mori silkworm: a review
Authors: Trochez-Solarte Julian David , Ruiz-Erazo Ximena , Almanza-Pinzon Martha , Zambrano-Gonzalez Giselle
Published: August 2019

In the genome ofBombyx moriLinnaeus (1758), the microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (SSR), feature among their particular characteristics a high adenine and thymine (A/T) content, low number of repeats, low frequency, and a grouping in "families" with similar flanking regions. Such characteristics may be the result of a complex interaction between factors that limit the size and dispersion of SSR loci—such as their high association with transposons—and mean that microsatellites within this taxon suitable as molecular markers are relatively rare. The determination of genetic profiles in populations and cell lines has not been affected owing to the high level of polymorphism, nor has the analysis of diversity, structure and genetic relationships. However, the scarcity of suitable microsatellites has restricted their application in genetic mapping, limiting them to preliminary identification of gene location of genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to thermotolerance, resistance to viruses, pigmentation patterns, body development and the weight of the cocoon, the cortex, the pupa and the filament. The review confirms that, as markers, microsatellites are versatile and perform well. They could thus be useful both to advance research in emerging countries with few resources seeking to promote sericulture in their territories, and to advance in the genetic and molecular knowledge of characteristics of productive and biological interest, given the latest technological developments in terms of the sequencing, identification, isolation and genotyping of SSR loci.
Cognitive control depletion reduces pre-stimulus and recollection-related measures of strategic retrieval
Authors: Herron Jane E
Published: August 2019

Background: The ability to strategically retrieve task-relevant information from episodic memory is thought to rely on goal-directed executive processes, and there is evidence that neural correlates of strategic retrieval are sensitive to reserves of cognitive control. The present study extended this work, exploring the role of cognitive control in the flexible orienting of strategic retrieval processes across alternating retrieval goals.

Method: Pre-stimulus cues directed participants to endorse memory targets from one of two encoding contexts, with the target encoding context alternating every two trials. Items from the nontarget encoding context were rejected alongside new items. One group of participants completed a Stroop task prior to the memory test in order to deplete their reserves of cognitive control, while a second group performed a control task. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded throughout the memory task, and time-locked to both pre-stimulus cues and memory probes.

Results: Control participants’ pre-stimulus ERPs showed sustained divergences at frontal electrode sites according to retrieval goal. This effect was evident on the first trial of each memory task, and linked with the initiation of goal-specific retrieval orientations. Control participants also showed enhanced ERP correlates of recollection (the ‘left parietal effect’) for correctly classified targets relative to nontargets on the second trial of each memory task, indexing strategic retrieval of task-relevant information. Both the pre-stimulus index of retrieval orientation and the target/nontarget left parietal effect were significantly attenuated in participants that completed the Stroop task.

Conclusions: The reduction of pre-stimulus and stimulus-locked ERP effects following the Stroop task indicates that available reserves of cognitive control play an important role in both proactive and recollection-related aspects of strategic retrieval.
Central, Eastern and East-Central Europle: on the History and the Current State of Conceptualization and Demarcation of Concepts
Authors: Antonyuk Nataliya
Published: August 2019

The article is devoted to a historical overview and discussion of the current understanding and demarcation of the concepts “Central Europe”, “Eastern Europe” and “Central Eastern Europe”. The analysis is performed from a descriptive and comparative point of view, including a step‑by‑step generalization and separation of the above concepts and the verification of how natural, artificial or instrumental their character is, as well as by analysing their contrastive properties. In conclusion, the author has argued that the integration / disintegration and democratization / autocratization processes in the countries that used to be or now constitute different sub‑regions of Europe during the 20th and 21st centuries have led to significant and highly ambiguous changes in the spectrum of political, socio‑economic, religious, cultural (national and supranational) processes, etc. As a result, various attributes of political, socio‑economic and cultural development, in particular their diversity from the perspective of certain European sub‑regions (which are often, though mistakenly, treated as a collective category of countries of “commensurable type”), have previously predetermined and today especially predetermine the need for analysis of the history and the current state of conceptualization and demarcation of the outlined concepts.
Central‑Eastern Europe in the European Political and Historical‑Geographical Context
Authors: Baranov Nikolai
Published: August 2019

The countries of Central and Eastern Europe were singled out from the European context because of their cultural and historical background. These states, historically parts of empires, after the World Wars were located between the great powers and served as the watershed between the West and Eastern Europe, with which Soviet Russia was associated. After the collapse of the socialist system, and then the Soviet Union, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe were oriented toward European integration structures. Despite the queue for entry into the European Union, the dividing lines in Europe have not disappeared, which indicates the political nature of the processes on the continent, even though the need for cooperation to solve urgent European problems is high.
The Other Europe: Identity Problems of Central Europe
Authors: Jokubaitis Alvydas
Published: August 2019

Philosophers in Central Europe are highly dependent on the Western European tradition of philosophy, while politicians in the region tend to use arguments that are often foreign to the ones used in Western Europe. The philosophical tradition of Central Europe is dependent on Western European tradition – it would be impossible to speak about any kind of distinct regional philosophical paradigm. The situation with political self‑understanding in the region is very different. The politicians in the region are aware of the various differences between the two cultural and political traditions. Today these differences have become especially clear in various disagreements between politicians from the Visegrád Group and their colleagues in Western Europe. Politicians from Central Europe propose their own understanding of the meaning of Western civilization. This phenomenon can be described as a new political Messianism. The old Messianims of the 19th century today are being replaced by new consciousness of the specific mission of the region. Conservative politicians propose an understanding of the region which is based on cultural differences from Western Europe. Various conceptions about the singular identity of the region that were developed in the ninth decade of the 20th century by Czesław Miłosz, Milan Kundera and György Konràd today are gaining a new political significance.
Unmanned: Brave New Films’ screen intervention into America’s drone wars
Authors: Howley Kevin
Published: August 2019

Drawing on the long history of politically committed documentary, Brave New Films combines traditional and emergent production methods with innovative approaches to online distribution and grassroots exhibition aimed at ‘creating media that makes an impact’. In what follows, I argue that Unmanned, Brave New Films’ screen intervention into the highly circumscribed debate over drone warfare, opens discursive space for human rights lawyers, international relations experts, and witnesses of drone strikes to alert the American people of the legal, strategic and ethical implications of the targeted killing programme. Whether or not Unmanned effects lasting or substantive policy change is, for present purposes, beside the point. Rather, my principal concern is to demonstrate the film’s achievement in subverting the dominant discourse surrounding the precision, accuracy and efficacy of US drone strikes.
Purple healing rays and paralysis: Intersections of disability and gender theory in comics
Authors: Bryan Peter Cullen
Published: August 2019

Batgirl is the exception to the rule of disability as needing to be overcome in superhero comics. Barbara Gordon stands out among comic book characters because her injuries last, whereas most male superheroes do not sustain lasting injuries. Through a history of the character Barbara Gordon/Batgirl/Oracle and her reception in the Batman comic fandom, this article explores how disabled bodies and women’s bodies are treated in comic books and in the fandom. Gordon’s importance to the community of disabled fans is at times in conflict with the messages received about Gordon’s role as a female character who sustained her injury as part of a plotline for a male character in The Killing Joke. Gordon may be the exception to the treatment of disabled characters, but her treatment in The Killing Joke fits into a long history of injuring or killing women in service of men’s plots. Gordon’s treatment from comic writers and critics is examined through the lens of disability and gender studies, as is the sense of loss that her rewriting created in the fandom.
Physical disability in/and transcultural fandom: Conversations with my spouse
Authors: Morimoto Lori
Published: August 2019

This article, in contrast with more traditional forms of scholarly engagement, draws heavily on an interview I conducted with my spouse, who is a physically disabled fan of science fiction and fantasy, to help illuminate some of the complexities of my own area of research, transcultural fandoms. Often, when we write about disability and fandom (to the extent that we do at all), our emphasis is on issues of the accessibility of physical and virtual fan spaces. I take that up here as well, metaphorically sobbing over yet another mobility scooter damaged at the hands of possibly well-intentioned airline staff; but the article quickly comes to focus more on the multiple subjectivities that inflect any experience of fandom, including that of disabled fans. Particularly insofar as my spouse is a disabled Asian-American (Japanese/Korean) man and experiences fandom through the sometimes-conflicting lenses of race and ethnicity, disability, gender and functional heteronormativity, the experiences and impressions he recounts here reflect my own work on the fundamentally transcultural nature of fandoms and fans, in which ‘culture’ denotes not only nation-centred practices, but also those of the many subjectivities that comprise our identities.
Laser bidezko prozesu gehigarrietarako hauts-elikagailuen azterketa eta kalibrazioa
Authors: Arrizubieta Jon Iñaki , Lamikiz Aitzol , Ukar Eneko , Ortega Naiara
Published: August 2019

Ikerlan honetan gaur egun fabrikazio gehigarri zuzenerako, ingelesez LMD deitua, erabiltzen diren hauts-elikagailuen alderaketa aurkeztu da. Bakoitzaren ezaugarriak aztertu ostean, LMD prozesurako egokienak zeintzuk diren ondorioztatu da: Grabitatean oinarritutako disko birakariko elikagailuak eta jariakortasunean oinarritutako elikagailuak. Gainera, gaur egun hedatuen dagoen elikatze-sistemaren, grabitatean oinarritutako disko birakariko hauts-elikagailua, material desberdinentzako kalibrazio-kurbak eskuratzeko metodologia proposatu da eta lorturiko emaitzak esperimentalki balioztatu dira. Kalibrazio-kurbak Inconel 718, AISI 316L eta Stellite 6 materialentzat kalkulatu dira, eta, lortutako emaitzetan oinarrituz, sistemaren portaera lineala dela ondorioztatu da. Bestalde, material desberdinen kalibrazio-kurbak definitzen dituen ekuazio bakarra zehaztu da; trinkotze-koefiziente deituriko parametroa erabili da horretarako.
Gibel gantzatsu ez-alkoholikoa, xxi. mendeko osasun-arazoa
Authors: Eseberri Itziar , Milton-Laskibar Iñaki , Aguirre Leixuri , Fernández-Quintela Alfredo , Portillo María Puy
Published: August 2019

Gibel gantzatsu ez-alkoholikoa (GGEA) espektro zabaleko gaixotasuna da, zeinak gaixotasun-multzo bat hartzen baitu barnean, gibel esteatositik hasi eta gibel-minbiziraino iritsi daitekeena. Haren garapenerako arrisku faktore garrantzitsuenak obesitatea eta intsulinarekiko erresistentzia dira, gaur egun osasun-arazo pandemikoa izatera iritsi direnak. Populazioaren %25ek gibel-esteatosia pairatzen duela uste da: datu hauek gutxi gorabeherakoak dira, gaixotasuna asintomatikoa izanik duen diagnosi zaila baita. Prebalentzia altuko gaixotasuna bada ere, nabarmentzekoa da gaur egun ez dagoela oraindik tratamendu estandarizaturik, ez eta hura hasteko momentu onenari buruzko akordiorik ere. Hala ere, bi dira gaur egun gehien erabiltzen diren tratamenduak: farmakologikoa, non intsulinarekiko erresistentzia hobetzen duten eta pisu galera eragiten duten farmakoak erabiltzen diren, eta dietetikoa, energia murrizketa delarik estrategiarik erabiliena. Bestetik, GGEAren tratamenduan konposatu fenolikoak erabilgarriak izan daitezkeela frogatu da in vitro eta in vivo egindako ikerketetan. Hala ere, entsegu klinikoetan lortutako emaitzek argi uzten duten bezala, oraindik ere ikerketa gehiagoren beharra dago konposatu fenolikoak gizakietan GGEAren tratamendu gisa erabili ahal izateko.
Public Good Provision Financed by Nonlinear Income Tax Under Reduction of Envy
Authors: Obara Takuya , Tsugawa Shuichi
Published: August 2019

We examine optimal taxation and public good provision by a government that considers reduction of envy as a constraint. We adopt the extended envy-freeness proposed by Diamantaras and Thomson (1990. “A Refinement and Extension of the No-Envy Concept.” Economics Letters 33: 217–22), called λ-equitability. We derive the modified Samuelson rule under an optimal nonlinear income tax and show, using a constant elasticity of substitution utility function, that the direction of distorting the original Samuelson rule to relax the λ envy-free constraint is crucially determined by the elasticity of substitution. Furthermore, we numerically show that the optimal level of provision increases (decreases) in the degree of envy-freeness when the original Samuelson rule is upwardly (downwardly) distorted.
Extracting ontological knowledge from Java source code using Hidden Markov Models
Authors: Jiomekong Azanzi , Camara Gaoussou , Tchuente Maurice
Published: August 2019

Ontologies have become a key element since many decades in information systems such as in epidemiological surveillance domain. Building domain ontologies requires the access to domain knowledge owned by domain experts or contained in knowledge sources. However, domain experts are not always available for interviews. Therefore, there is a lot of value in using ontology learning which consists in automatic or semi-automatic extraction of ontological knowledge from structured or unstructured knowledge sources such as texts, databases, etc. Many techniques have been used but they all are limited in concepts, properties and terminology extraction leaving behind axioms and rules. Source code which naturally embed domain knowledge is rarely used. In this paper, we propose an approach based on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) for concepts, properties, axioms and rules learning from Java source code. This approach is experimented with the source code of EPICAM, an epidemiological platform developed in Java and used in Cameroon for tuberculosis surveillance. Domain experts involved in the evaluation estimated that knowledge extracted was relevant to the domain. In addition, we performed an automatic evaluation of the relevance of the terms extracted to the medical domain by aligning them with ontologies hosted on Bioportal platform through the Ontology Recommender tool. The results were interesting since the terms extracted were covered at 82.9% by many biomedical ontologies such as NCIT, SNOWMEDCT and ONTOPARON.
On Things from Sea and Shore: British Naval Heroism in Material Culture
Authors: Zimmermann Ulrike
Published: August 2019

This article examines social participation and the dissemination of cultural knowledge through artefacts, and analyses how unspectacular and mundane everyday objects manage to convey ideas of the exceptional and heroic, as, for example, in the case of Admiral Lord Nelson and the souvenir culture surrounding him and his victories. Over the course of the eighteenth century, the British Empire expanded and consolidated its global influence, relying heavily on the British Navy in the process. Public interest in the Navy—and in its prominent figures—increased and was also consciously promoted, and, as a consequence, elements of maritime culture were taken up and adapted in everyday culture. Nautically inspired artefacts became the fashion, and the new opportunities for mass production contributed to their proliferation. Thus, admiration for a naval hero found its expression in a multitude of artefacts which, taken by themselves, have nothing of the heroic about them but taken en masse demonstrate the significance of naval prowess in this period, and the forging of connections between the domestic to the foreign sphere.
Limit Poisson law for the distribution of the number of components in generalized allocation scheme
Authors: Timashev Aleksandr N.
Published: August 2019

We consider problems on the convergence of distributions of the total number of components and numbers of components with given volume to the Poisson law. Sufficient conditions of such convergence are given. Our results generalize known statemets on the limit Poisson laws of the number of components (cycles, unrooted and rooted trees, blocks and other structures) in the corresponding generalized of allocation schemes.
Die Gelbwestenbewegung - Stand und Perspektiven
Authors: Rucht Dieter
Published: August 2019

Seit Monaten steht Frankreich im Bann der Gelbwestenbewegung. Der Beitrag beschreibt zunächst das soziale, organisatorische und politische Profil der Bewegung, dann die von ihr hervorgerufenen Reaktionen. In einer stärker analytischen Perspektive widmet er sich drittens den Ursachen, Auslösern und Verstärkern der Bewegung, um abschließend deren Perspektiven einzuschätzen. Die Leitthese lautet, dass die Bewegung, obgleich doch ohne direkten Vorläufer in der Geschichte Frankreichs, ein Produkt der spezifischen sozio-ökonomischen, politischen und kulturellen Gegebenheiten des Landes ist. Sie wird deshalb auch kaum in anderen Ländern Fuß fassen. In ihrer jetzigen Form werden sich die Gelbwesten nicht halten können. In den kommenden Monates wird die Bewegung entweder in der Routine der Wiederholung allmählich versanden oder aber, und wahrscheinlicher, aufgrund einer Reihe interner Streitfragen (links oder rechts; friedlich oder militant; Bewegung oder Partei; moderate Reformen oder grundlegende politische Umwälzung) auseinander brechen.