bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural Performance of Bamboo Sandwich Panel (BSP) With Openings as Load Bearing Wall
Authors:   School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, Shafiai Nor Hidayah , Hassan Rohana ,   School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia,   Institute for Infrastructure Engineering and Sustainable Management (IIESM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, Bahari Mohd Hanizan ,   Kolej Kemahiran Tinggi MARA (KKTM), 17000 Pasir Mas, Kelantan, Malaysia, Alisibramulisi Anizahyati ,   School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, Awaludin Ali ,   Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur 555281, Indonesia, Othman Ahmad Mazlan ,   Iramo Bamboo Resources, 31120 Sungai Siput Utara, Perak
Published: October 2024

Studies on utilizing bamboo as structural and strengthening components still need to be completed. This paper presents a case study on effective and practical approaches for bamboo sandwich panels (BSP) designed as load-bearing walls with and without openings that can withstand heavy weights. Three specimens for each type of wall, all with a height of 1200mm and a width of 600mm, were tested. The BSP walls without openings were tested and considered as control specimens. The BSP walls were constructed with a square opening of 150 x 150 mm at the centre of the panel. The compression and moisture content properties of small clear bamboo materials made of Bambusa Vulgaris species were also measured. The test results show the effectiveness of BSP as a strengthening material to reinforce load-bearing walls with significant stiffness and ultimate bearing load. The BSP with an opening has reduced 31.76% of the wall loadcarrying capacity compared to the wall without an opening. The study’s findings on BSP offer promising applications in various construction and architectural contexts. The significant stiffness and ultimate bearing load demonstrated by BSPs suggest their potential as sustainable alternatives to conventional load-bearing materials.
Effects of Ground Coal Bottom Ash and Calcium Chloride on the Compaction Properties of Cement Stabilized Cold In-Place Recycling (CIPR) Pavement Base Course
Authors:   College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Joohari Mohd Izzat ,   School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia, Shaffie Ekarizan ,   School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia,   Institute for Infrastructure Engineering and Sustainability Management,Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia, Ibrahim Anas ,   College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Che Othman Mohd Tarmizi ,   THB Maintenance Sdn. Bhd., Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia
Published: October 2024

Flexible asphalt pavement relies on a strong road base layer for structural support throughout its service life. Deteriorated pavement conditions require continuous maintenance and rehabilitation, resulting in maintenance costs. Cold In-Place Recycling (CIPR) offers a sustainable and cost-effective solution compared to the conventional method of ‘remove and replace.’ CIPR involves recycling degraded existing pavement materials with a certain depth of aggregate base to form a new base layer, with the addition of stabilizing agents. Proper compaction before curing is crucial since inadequate compaction reduces base density, risking stability and causing rutting and deformation under traffic. This study investigated the compaction properties in CIPR-based pavement construction, integrating stabilizing agent comprising ordinary Portland cement (OPC), ground coal bottom ash (GCBA), and calcium chloride (CaCl₂) to achieve optimal moisture content (OMC), maximum dry density (MDD), and bulk density. Three different ratios of crushed aggregate (CA) and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) were used, ranging from 25% to 75%, alongside 1% - 4% OPC, 0% - 3% GCBA, and 0% - 3% CaCl₂. It was discovered that the OMC and MDD values were 5.22% and 1.86 Mg/m³ for CA25RAP75, 5.60% and 1.93 Mg/m³ for CA50RAP50, and 5.87% and 1.94 Mg/m³ for CA75RAP25 using the modified Proctor test. Results also found that stabilizing agents minimally affect bulk density, but the percentages of CA and RAP significantly influence it, with design mixes with higher CA content providing higher bulk density. The findings from this study provide initial results on the OMC, MDD, and bulk density values but do not reliably indicate the strength acquired by the proposed design mix. Further strength tests should be considered.
Linear Regression Models and Adequacy Parameters for Scattered Data with Outliers
Authors:   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Panteleimonov A. V. , Anokhin D. O. ,   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Zakharov A. B. ,   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Khristenko I. V. ,   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Korobov A. I. ,   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Ivanov V. V. ,   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine=
Published: October 2024

In the present paper, several test samples with scattered data and outliers were examined by means of different methods for building linear regression equations. This includes ordinary least squares, least absolute deviation, orthogonal distance regression, and the least absolute deviation of orthogonal distance. Also, a variant of the weighted least squares approach was investigated in the problem of identification of outliers. New indices have been proposed to describe the outliers, which can be viewed as weighted coefficients of determination.
Clinical Anatomy of Vessels of Popliteal Region
Authors: Kalinin Roman E. , Suchkov Igor A. , Pshennikova Kristina S. , Klimentova Emma A. , Shanaev Ivan N.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION: A modern standard for noninvasive diagnostics of the vascular system is duplex scanning. The knowledge of variability of vascular anatomy is essential for ultrasound doctors.
AIM: To clarify variants of the clinical anatomy of vessels of the popliteal region using duplex scanning and anatomical preparation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The work used data of duplex scanning of the arteries and veins of the lower extremities of patients without pathology of the vascular system of the lower extremities, who underwent examination of the vascular system: 200 patients aged from 18 to 92 years. As control, the data of anatomical preparation of 50 amputated lower extremities were taken, with preliminary filling the venous system with a blue synthetic gel.
RESULTS: In the course of anatomical preparation, two trunks of the popliteal vein were identified in the distal popliteal region in 86.0% of observations. A typical drain of the small saphenous vein with formation of the saphenopopliteal junction was encountered in 60.0% of cases. In duplex scanning, a high bifurcation of the popliteal artery was detected in 1.9% of observations. The two trunks of the popliteal vein in the distal part of the popliteal region were encountered in 82.4% of cases, and the medial trunk was almost always larger than the lateral one. The small saphenous vein drained into the popliteal vein in 63.0% of cases. In 7.2% of observations, it drained into one of the intramuscular veins. In 0.95% of observations, a perforator vein was identified in the popliteal region. The sural veins were identified in all the patients — two on the medial and lateral surface positioned at the sides of the two trunks of the sural arteries, forming a single trunk before confluence with the popliteal vein.
CONCLUSIONS: TThe study revealed the following anatomic variants of vessels of the popliteal region: two trunks of the popliteal vein below the knee joint cleft in 85.7% to 86.0% of observations; a high bifurcation of the popliteal artery in 1.9%; saphenopopliteal junction in 60.0% to 63.0%; perforator veins of the popliteal region in 0.95% of observations; upon that, the small saphenous vein does not form the saphenopopliteal junction.
Cartridge-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test Compared to Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Suspected Cases of Tubercular Lymphadenitis (the Indian Experience)
Authors: Oommen Sneha Ann , Patil Bharat Umakant , Ghongade Pravinkumar , Gangane Nitin
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION: Diagnosis of tubercular lymphadenitis is daunting as there are varied clinical presentations and no single confirmatory gold standard test. Cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) of the lymph node is a rapid molecular diagnostic test for simultaneously detecting tuberculosis (TB) and rifampicin resistance.
AIM: To evaluate the performance of the CBNAAT test for detecting M. tuberculosis in lymph node specimens compared to fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in a rural tertiary care hospital in central India. A total of 180 patients clinically suspected of tubercular lymphadenitis were included. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.3. The average age was 33.3 years. The age group 21–40 years had the highest number of cases. The most common complaints among the patients were fever (29.4%), followed by loss of appetite (9.5%), weight loss (9.5%), and cough (6.6%). However, most patients presented to the hospital with only lymphadenopathy (44.4%). The most common site involved was the anterior cervical lymph node (78.8%), followed by the axillary group (10.5%), submandibular (2.8%), inguinal (2.8%), supraclavicular (2.2%), submental (1.7%) and infraclavicular (1.1%) group of lymph nodes. The patients were subjected to both FNAC and CBNAAT testing. Results were reported as positive or negative for M. tuberculosis as CBNAAT gives a semiquantitative estimate of the concentration of bacilli. Rifampicin resistance results were reported as detected or not detected.
RESULTS: Cytological examination of the lymph node aspirates revealed that most were tubercular lymphadenitis cases. Cytomorphological analysis of the cases of tubercular lymphadenitis revealed Type 6 (tubercular abscess) as the predominant pattern. CBNAAT testing detected 26 cases of M. tuberculosis and three cases of rifampicin resistance. The study reported a specificity of 92.92% and low sensitivity of 26.86% of combined FNAC and CBNAAT is much higher compared to only CBNAAT.
CONCLUSION: CBNAAT, along with FNAC, is a valuable addition in first-line investigations of tubercular lymphadenitis to make a timely diagnosis.
Age-Related Features of Clinical and Neurological Characteristics and Pathogenetic Therapy in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Molchanov Ilya P. , Masaleva Irina O. , Karnaukhova Elena N. , Molchanova Elena A.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological demyelinating disease of the central nervous system manifested by pronounced heterogeneous symptoms. Peculiarities of the onset, progression rate, and severity of syndromes are different in different age groups. An increase in the frequency of exacerbations, high degree of disability of patients in different age groups evidence insufficient effectiveness of the conducted pathogenetic therapy. Due to a wide choice of multiple sclerosis disease modifying drugs (MSDMDs), it is important to study the clinical and neurological characteristics of patients with MS in different age groups with the aim of further developing an individual approach to treatment.
AIM: To study clinical and neurological features and effectiveness of pathogenetic therapy of MS in patients of different age groups.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective analysis of the data of neurological examination and results of magnetic resonance imaging of 100 patients of different age groups with relapsing-remitting MS, who received outpatient treatment in Kursk Regional Multidisciplinary Clinical Hospital, was conducted in the period of stable remission.
RESULTS: The leading syndromes in patients with relapsing-remitting course of MS were cerebellar (78%) and pyramidal (70%) syndromes, besides, dysfunction of the cranial nerves (71%) was also observed. A quantitative parameter of explicitness of pelvic disorder syndrome predominated in middle-aged and elderly patients compared to young ones (p 0.001). Cognitive disorders were more often (14%) recorded in middle-aged and elderly patients (p 0.001). The use of glatiramer acetate permitted to reduce the degree of disability in young subjects (p 0.05); in patients of the middle age group, the most effective was a timely transition from interferon beta to ocrelizumab (p 0.05). The use of first-line MSDMDs (interferon-beta) in elderly patients demonstrated low effectiveness (p 0.05).
CONCLUSION: In middle-aged and elderly patients with equal timing of MS onset, the neurological deficit is more expressed than in young ones. First-line pathogenetic therapy, in particular, glatiramer acetate, is more effective in young patients, while patients of middle age are recommended an early transition to second-line MSDMDs.
Immediate and Long-Term Results of Portacaval Shunt Surgeries in Portal Hypertension: 10-Year Clinical Experience of a Regional Vascular Surgery Department
Authors: Chervyakov Yuri V. , Borisov Alexander V. , Staroverov Ilya N. , Pamputis Sergey N. , Zavyalov Dmitry V. , Baranov Grigory A.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION: The number of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) makes 20–40 cases per 100 thousand populations and rises steadily. A five-year survival rate of patients with LC in the compensation stage is 50%–62%, in the decompensation stage — 11%–40%. In the overwhelming majority of patients (80%–90%), LC leads to the compensatory formation of esophageal and gastric varices (EV and GV, respectively), which is further complicated with a life-threatening bleeding in 30% of patients.
AIM: To evaluate 5-year results of partial portacaval shunt surgeries.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The paper describes a 10-year clinical experience of the vascular surgery department of Yaroslavl Regional Clinical Hospital in surgical treatment of patients with LC with a clinical presentation of portal hypertension, with recorded esophageal and gastric variceal bleeding. The study included 26 patients (of them 11 men; the mean age 48 ± 7.3 years) with LC (A and B classes on Child-Pugh scale), who underwent planned reconstructive surgery on the portal system. By the type of anastomosis, the patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 — mesocaval anastomosis (n = 6); group 2 — distal splenorenal anastomosis with preservation of spleen (n = 10); group 3 — splenorenal H-shaped shunt. The primary end points of the study were survival of the patients, rebleeding from EV, shunt patency. Secondary end points were dynamics of EV size, changes in the spleen size, dynamics of the portal and splenic veins size, blood flow directions in the portal system, the presence of hepatic encephalopathy. Postoperative mortality was 3.8%.
RESULTS: Survival at 1, 3 and 5 years was 96%, 90% and 58, respectively, and patency of anastomoses was 96%, 96% and 91%, respectively. Rebleeding at 1 year made 4% (n = 1), at 3 years — 0, at 5 years — 17% (n = 2). Changes in the hemodynamics of the portal system were recorded after formation of all types of anastomoses: reduction of the diameter of the portal vein by on average 5 mm, of the splenic vein by 3 mm, of the spleen size by 210 cm3. Shunt thrombosis occurred in two of 26 patients (7.7%) at 1 year (splenorenal H-shaped shunt with use of prosthesis) and 4 years (splenorenal autovenous shunt), respectively.
CONCLUSION: The formation of partial portacaval anastomoses in patients with portal hypertension and episodes of bleeding from esophageal varices is a reliable prevention of rebleeding. The first bleeding episode is an indication for an open surgery in case the transjugular intrahepatic stenting is impossible. Survival rate of patients after portacaval shunt surgeries is determined by the initial degree of hepatic failure and patency of the formed anastomoses.
Role of Transforming Growth Factor-β in Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis in COVID-19, Post-COVID Syndrome, Oncological and Chronic Inflammatory Lung Diseases
Authors: Budnevsky Andrey V. , Avdeev Sergey N. , Ovsyannikov Evgeny S. , Shishkina Viktoria V. , Alekseeva Nadezhda G. , Perveeva Inna M. , Kitoyan Avag G. , Antakova Lyubov N. , Yurchenko Anastasia S.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION: Persistent post-COVID syndrome is the persistent physical, medical and cognitive sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including persistent immunosuppression, pulmonary, cardiac and vascular fibrosis which lead to increased mortality and impair the quality of life of patients.
АIM: To analyze the completed foreign and domestic studies on the pathophysiology of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in conditions of COVID-19, post-COVID syndrome, oncological and chronic inflammatory lung diseases.
Mast cells are among the main producers of inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19, their stimulation leads to the release of many proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 1β, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, and also TGF-β. The basis of the pathogenesis of post-COVID syndrome is the overexpression of TGF-β leading to a prolonged state of immunosuppression and fibrosis. TGF-β acts as a tumor suppressor inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in the early stages of oncogenesis; plays an important role in most cellular biological processes leading to remodeling of the airway structures; is involved in epithelial changes, in subepithelial fibrosis, remodeling of smooth muscle of airways and in microvascular changes; induces resistance to glucocorticosteroids; stimulates the production of blood coagulation factor XII, thereby leading to development of potentially fatal complications, such as pulmonary embolism and ischemic stroke.
CONCLUSION: In this literature review, a structured analysis of a multicomponent role of TGF-β in the pathogenesis of post-COVID syndrome, pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19, tumors of respiratory system, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, is given. A possible use of TGF-β as a biomarker of severe and moderate degree of COVID-19 is substantiated.
Modern Approaches to Attracting Personnel to Medical Organizations in Rural Areas on an Example of the Voronezh Region
Authors: Esaulenko Igor E. , Petrova Tatyana N. , Fursova Elena A. , Petrov Ivan S. , Sychev Evgeny V.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION: The importance of this study stems from the necessity to search for an effective solution to the problem of provision of the rural healthcare with medical personnel to increase the quality of medical care and its availability for the population.
AIM: To scientifically substantiate and develop proposals for attracting and developing the human resources potential of rural medical organizations.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: To assess the state of provision of healthcare in the Voronezh Region (VR) with human resources, the data from statistical accounting forms No. 17 and No. 30 were used. The comparative analysis method was used to study the provision of medical organizations of the VR with medical personnel and staffing with medical positions, and the main parameters of the activity of medical organizations in rural areas of the region. To study the factors contributing to the attraction of young specialists to medical organizations in rural areas, an anonymous online survey was conducted.
RESULTS: The analysis of provision of healthcare organizations of the VO with personnel showed a satisfactory level of provision with medical workers. The personnel shortage is more pronounced in rural areas the staffing of full-time positions is decreasing, the influx of young specialists is decreasing, the proportion of people of retirement age is increasing. In-depth analysis permitted to identify ‘weak points’ in the formation of the personnel reserve and take them into account when forming the regional personnel policy. Based on the data obtained during the study, a multi-level model of reproduction of human resources was created using the cluster approach. A mechanism for interaction between potential employers and subjects of the educational system was developed.
CONCLUSION: The pooling of resources within the framework of cluster interdepartmental interaction led to the expansion of the career guidance space and permitted to build practice-oriented educational activities based on continuity of general, secondary vocational and higher education. The findings of the study can be used in the formation of an effective personnel policy aimed at advanced forecasting of the process of their reproduction in the healthcare system.
Comparative Results of Standard Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting, Staged Hybrid Myocardial Revascularization and Purely Endovascular Correction in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease in Long-Term Period after Surgery
Authors: Shevchenko Yuri L. , Borshchev Gleb G. , Ermakov Dmitry Yu. , Maslennikov Mikhail A. , Vakhrameeva Anastasia Yu. , Ulbashev Daniil S.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION: Coronary artery disease (CAD) currently remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Russia and in the world. In 2022, the overall morbidity with CAD among the adult population of Russia was 6517.9 per 100 thousand populations. The main surgical methods of treatment for CAD are coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and stenting of the coronary arteries. In some cases, a single-step complete revascularization is not possible, and one of solutions is a hybrid approach.
AIM: To compare 5-year results of CABG, staged hybrid myocardial revascularization and isolated endovascular intervention in patients with CAD and multi-vessel lesion of the coronary arteries.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The prospective study included 330 patients with CAD and multi-vessel atherosclerotic lesion of the coronary arteries, who underwent planned myocardial revascularization in 2010–2018. Group 1 included 110 patients who underwent CABG, group 2 — 110 patients who underwent staged hybrid myocardial revascularization, group 3 included 110 patients after percutaneous coronary intervention. In 5-year follow-up period, clinical and instrumental data were evaluated, complications, lethal outcomes and re-interventions were considered.
RESULTS: In the immediate period after the surgical intervention, frequency of cardiovascular complications and residual myocardial ischemia was expectedly low in all the groups (р 0.05). At 1 year of follow-up, cardiovascular complications were less common in group 2 (17.3%) compared to group 1 (29.1%, p = 0.038), while in group 3, adverse events were also noted in 27.3% of cases, however, the differences were not significant (p = 0.075). At 5 years, the frequency of cardiovascular complications prevailed in patients of group 1 (80.0%) compared to group 2 (57.3%) and group 3 (67.3%, p = 0.001–0.032). At the end of follow-up, the frequency of repeat revascularization was significantly higher in group 1 (41.8%) compared to group 2 (29.1%, p = 0.049). The number of such cases in group 3 (33.6%) was less than in group 1, however, the differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.125).
CONCLUSION: Isolated CABG demonstrates a higher frequency of repeat endovascular interventions at 5 years after surgery compared to hybrid revascularization that also provides better results in terms of preventing cardiovascular complications.
Representaciones de Cali en el cine documental de los años veinte
Authors: Sánchez-Salcedo José Fernando
Published: October 2024

The film production that began to be carried out in the city of Cali during the twenties was registered, very well, with the modernizing spirit that the elites wanted to implement in the city because, they saw in the cinema, an opportunity to project an image of a modern and cosmopolitan city.This article seeks to analyze two documentaries that were produced the first in 1926, "El Valle del Cauca y su progreso" and the second: "Las Olimpiadas de Cali" in 1928. Both share a view of the city in which industries, residential neighborhoods and sites considered emblematic such as churches, squares, monuments, etc. are privileged.In addition to the aspects of urban infrastructure, there is an idea of progress that goes through body hygiene, especially in the second documentary, where the importance of sport and physical education as a fundamental instrument for the development of the race is emphasized.
Eliding Consent in the Case of Pandemic Countermeasures Authorized Only for Emergency Use
Authors: Noah Lars
Published: October 2024

Four months after the first vaccines against Covid-19 became available to the public, and just as some universities announced plans to require inoculations, the Boston Globe quoted me as (alone) suggesting that mandates would conflict with federal law. When Congress created a special mechanism for the emergency use of still investigational products, it directed providers to reveal, among other things, that individuals remained free to decline such an intervention; only after full FDA approval of a medical countermeasure would this disclosure obligation become inapplicable. I have watched with dismay over the last three years as nearly everyone—including Executive branch officials, federal and state judges, and various academic commentators— cavalierly dismissed an entirely valid statutory objection. This Article probes what accounts for the universal rejection of an argument that, on further reflection, continues to strike me as far from frivolous.
Paraquat and Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Assessment of Recent Epidemiologic Evidence
Authors: Weed Douglas
Published: October 2024

A systematic assessment of recent evidence of the possible relationship between exposure to paraquat and Parkinson’s disease was undertaken. A literature search was performed to identify all recently published relevant papers investigating, reviewing, or commenting upon the potential relationship between exposure to paraquat and Parkinson’s Disease. MEDLINE via PubMed and EMBASE library databases were searched from 2019 to 2024 using search terms “paraquat” and “Parkinson.” PRISMA guidelines for reporting systematic reviews were consulted along with the AMSTAR2 evaluation tool used to assess the quality of reviews. A total of 517 publications were identified in the first search and 923 publications in the broader search. After removal of duplicates, 21 publications were determined to be potentially relevant. Identified cohort studies were published between 2019 and 2021 and represented analyses using data from the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) a study designed and funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health. These studies revealed no association between paraquat exposure and Parkinson’s disease. With the results of the most recent analyses, there is no compelling scientific argument for claiming causality. These studies examined not only general population groups but especially occupationally exposed populations and found no statistically significant increased risk and no evidence of an exposure-response relationship. In the absence of these key causal considerations, the fact that these studies contribute to the inconsistency of the entire epidemiologic database, nonexistent risk increases and dose-response relationships, a lack of experimental evidence, and the absence of a similar—analogous—example in the practice of causal inference, there is no scientific justification for a causal claim. Organizational conclusions are consistent.
The “Death March” of Bonaparte’s Army of Orient to Damanhour on 3—9 July 1798
Authors: Tchoudinov Alexandre
Published: October 2024

The military historians of Bonaparte’s Egyptian campaign of 1798—1801 traditionally paid attention mainly to the fighting during this campaign. The author of the article suggests exploring also, in accordance with the latest approaches of military historical anthropology, events what happened at the same time “beyond the edge of the battlefield”. He analyzes the facts related to the first great march of Bonaparte’s Army of Orient across the desert from Alexandria to Damanhour on July 3—9, 1798, which became for French soldiers actually a “death march”. The first serious test for the Army of Orient revealed those fundamental problems for it, which, gradually worsening, would lead to the collapse of the entire expedition. It turned out that, the French were extremely poorly prepared for conducting military operations in desert conditions. Bonaparte, when deciding on the direction of movement of troops, was guided by purely ideological cliches about the willingness of the Egyptians to support the French as “liberators” from the yoke of the Mamluks and, believing the advice of representatives of local elites, sent the army along the most unfavorable route. The French soldiers demonstrated also utterly low readiness to act in extreme natural conditions: they quickly lost their morale and began to show disobedience to commanders. As a result of the combined impact of all these factors, the Army of Orient suffered during this march irretrievable non-combat losses, far exceeding its losses in the subsequent series of battles.
“The Сrown Тext to the Tiara”: The Capture of Rome by Italian Troops and Its Aftermath
Authors: Kimlenka Katsiaryna
Published: October 2024

The article is dedicated to the capture of Rome, the capital of the Papal States, by Italian troops.  The events of September 20, 1870 marked the end of a thousand-year theocratic monarchy headed by the Pontiff and became a major milestone in the History of Italy and the History of the Catholic Church. For decades, many historians portrayed the capture of Rome as the realisation of the dream, in comparison to which all difficulties seemed insignificant. Church historians focused on the elimination of the Pontiff’s temporal power. In the spirit of the current historiography of the Risorgimento, which pays significant attention to the emergence of contradictions and problems during the unification of Italy, the author of the article focuses on the challenges faced by the Italian government during the capture of Rome and immediately after it and systematizes them.
Typhus Epidemic in the British Army on the Iberian Peninsula in the Winter of 1808/1809
Authors: Kosykh Tatiana
Published: October 2024

The article focuses on the problem of the spread of typhus among soldiers and officers of the British army who participated in the war on the Iberian Peninsula in the winter of 1808—1809. As sources were used notes and reports from British doctors, as well as memoirs and letters from British soldiers who suffered during the winter retreat of the British army under the command of General Sir John Moore. Based on a comparative analysis of sources are examined the history of the spread of febrile illness in the British army, the clinical picture of the disease and methods of treating typhus. It was revealed that in the texts of British doctors who described the symptoms of typhus in 1809 the names of the disease differ, but the general symptoms indicate typhus. In addition, a review of the medical reports of British surgeons demonstrated differences in the way typhus was treated: calomel and tincture of opium were the main medicines; also bloodletting and dousing with cold or hot water were often practiced.
Le Moniteur Universel Newspaper about the French Conquest of Southern Italy in 1799
Authors: Zaytseva Daria
Published: October 2024

The French conquest of Southern Italy and the establishment of the Parthenopean Republic in 1799 is one of the most dramatic episodes of the Revolutionary Wars of Republican France, since in words that campaign was carried out in the name of “liberating” the Neapolitan people from royal oppression, but in practice resulted in a war against this very people. The author of the article, analyzing the reports of the daily newspaper Le Moniteur universel, shows how the campaign to capture Southern Italy was interpreted in the official discourse of the French Republic. Considering which subjects were reflected on the pages of this publication — the conquest of Naples, the attempts of the French to gain the trust of local residents, the exposure of anti–republican conspiracies, the fight against the insurgency, etc. — the author shows how these events were presented to the general French public and how the tone in their coverage changed as the national anti-revolutionary movement developed in Southern Italy.
Theft in the Russian Province of the 18th Century: How Was the Stolen Disposed of?
Authors: Kosheleva Olga
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the purposes of theft, objects of theft (horses, money, foodstuff, commodity) and the realization of stolen goods in the context of the everyday life of the Russian province of the 18th century. Theft could be carried out by professional criminals, but much more often, however, acts of theft were accidental and unplanned. In the province, it was especially difficult to sell stolen goods or to spend money, as the news of the theft spread quickly, and the markets were strictly controlled by the local police. The buyers of illegal goods were notably absent, or there is a lack of information about them.
John Mandeville’s Ideal Sovereign
Authors: Togoeva Olga
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the “Travel Book” written by John Mandeville in the middle of the 14th century and remained extremely popular over the next few centuries. The author of the article describes the handwritten and first-printed traditions of the existence of the “Book”, dwells on the circumstances of its origin, on the problem of its authorship and on the content of its two parts. She comes to the conclusion that the “Travel Book” was not a typical medieval travelogue or even a chorography, but rather belonged to the genre of “mirrors of princes”. In particular, John Mandeville dwelt on the problem of what an ideal sovereign should be, what personal qualities he should possess and what kind of state structure he should strive for. An important difference between the “Travel Book” and the numerous “mirrors of princes” of the 14th — 15th centuries was its author’s appeal to very far from European models — to the experience of Eastern and Asian (partly fictional) countries, whose rulers seemed ideal to John Mandeville. As a result, he constantly returned to the idea of a new Crusade, which remained extremely popular in the middle of the 14th century, but criticized it on the grounds that Europeans should not plan the conquest of foreign lands (even the Holy Land) without solving their own internal — primarily moral — problems.
Lost in Translation: Georges Duby, Yuri Bessmertny and Feudalism
Authors: Uvarov Pavel
Published: October 2024

Georges Duby and Yuri Bessmertny appreciated each other — the trajectories of their scientific evolution were similar, they were connected by a relationship of mutual sympathy. It is not surprising that in his first monograph, “Feudal Village and Market in Western Europe of the 12th — 13th centuries” (1969), Bessmertny referred to Duby more than to anyone else. But at the same time, in his book one can detect a sincere misunderstanding of the general concept of Georges Duby. Although the French historian considered the relationship between peasants and lords to be the essence of the medieval social system and saw the lordship as the basic unit of medieval society, he tended to prioritize the political power of the lords over the property relations and the concentration of land wealth in the hands of feudal lords. This was fundamentally at odds with the dominant version of Soviet marxism, and even with the views of some French followers of Marc Bloch. To explain the reason for this misunderstanding, it is proposed in this article to trace the evolution of Georges Duby’s views on the medieval world, reflected in his use of the terms “féodalité” and “feudalism”. It is also important to take into account the difficulties of translating this terminology into Russian. By the end of the 1960s, the views of Georges Duby had not yet formed into the complete theoretical model that he would develop in the next decade. It should be noted that, starting in the 1970s, Yuri Bessmertny made great efforts to introduce Soviet historians to the works of Georges Duby. At the time, the central place in his presentation of Duby’s ideas was occupied by the concept of “feudal revolution”, although Bessmertny himself never completely agreed with it.
In Search of A Solution — Along Stereotypes: the Evolution of the Military Experience of the Central Powers on the Eastern Front of the Great War
Authors: Lannik Leonty
Published: October 2024

The confrontation on the Eastern Front of the Great War is still teetering on the brink of oblivion, despite considerable interest in a number of aspects of the topic. The subjective factors of making the most important decisions, including those that were made in the highest command instances, have been poorly studied. An analysis of the causes of different decisions with fatal consequences is hardly possible without taking into account images and visions about the enemy and their evolution under the influence of military experience. A special problem in this case is the verification of a significant part of the information from official historiography of interwar period and, moreover, memoiristics. Military elites are not always able to admit mistakes or claim personal responsibility for misjudging the enemy and own capabilities. An unobvious factor was the persistence of established stereotypes despite the huge amount of new information, large-scale changes in the character of military operations and repeated failures in the planning and implementation of strategic operations. Based on the on the recorded experience from the military elites of the Central Powers, it is possible to classify stereotypes, the causes and channels of their spread, to assess the role in decision-making and the implementation of occupation policy.
“Wrapped in Some Papers with Ten Ruble”: a Management of the Tsarevnas’ Finance during the Regency of Tsarevna Sophia Alekseevna
Authors: Topychkanov Andrey
Published: October 2024

When Tsarevna Sophia Alekseevna was a regent (1682—1689), she used the financial resources of somechancelleries. This study introduces into scholar circulation the Pechatny Prikaz’s (Chancellery of the Seal)records about money deposited to the chambers of the Tsarevna Tatyana, Tsarevna Sophia, Tsarevna Marfa, Tsarevna Ekaterina, and Tsarevna Maria from November 5, 1685 to August 30, 1686. In total, 3 538,37 rubles were issued to them during this period. An analysis of the financial management practices showed that the tsarevnas had unequal access to the Chancellery of the Seal’sfunds. Tsarevna Sophia received 86,58 % from the total amount, Tsarevna Tatyana — 10,98 %, other — the rest. The money was both gifts to various persons and payments for services and for purchases for the palace. In the middle of the 1680s, the Chancellery of the Sealmainly provided small amounts, from 1 to 10 rubles. Five-ruble grants predominated. Expenses increasedwhen tsarevna Sophia visited her country residences and gived money to persons accompanying her, including nobles, clerks, and guards (strelets). The prevalence of money giving on Wednesdays and Fridays — in these days heads of the chancelleries came to the palace with their reports and there were meetings of the Boyar Duma — may be due to the fact that the tsarevnas Tatyana and Sophia accepted the heads of the chancelleries and participated in the meetings of the Boyar Duma, however the source does not contain data confirming this hypothesis. The the Chancellery of the Seal’srecords indicate the church nature of some distributions: money was given on the days of divine services, the tsarevnas granted to the clergy, monastics, and gave money for the performance of church services. The okolnichy V. S. Narbekov, assigned to the tsarevnas, and the “mothers” of the tsarevnasTatyana, Sophia, and Feodosia managed the finances of tsarevnas. The study established that by the middle of the 1680s the system of financingof the tsarevnas’ chambers and distributing funds among their clients was well developed, the Chancellery of the Sealand its head D. M. Bashmakovs played an important role in providing financial resources to the tsarevnas, including Sophia; the financial resources of this Chancellery were used primarily to make regular grants that supported the patronage system at Russian court.
Improved Nondestructive Disassembly Process using Augmented Reality and RFID Product/Part Tracking
Authors: Mircheski Ile , Rizov Tashko
Published: October 2024

The waste from electric and electronic equipment and discarded automobiles in the past grew rapidly and resulted with waste in billions of tones. The aim of this paper is to present an improved non-destructive disassembly process of electromechanical products using augmented reality based devices, such as glasses, tablets or mobile phones, and RFID technology for valuable product/part tracking. The proposed method includes tagging of components of interest in the product assembly by using a RFID tag. The valuable product is marked with specific ID number written in the RFID tag, in order to declare the product. The relevant data such as material and weight of components, guidelines for non-destructive disassembly for the valuable product and removing of component of interest will be obtained with the assistance of RFID tag and a centralized database. This modular system offers guidelines for the non-destructive disassembly process for obtaining valuable component of interest intended for easy repairs, remanufacture, reuse or recycling. The guidelines are in video presentation format using augmented reality for easy visualization of non-destructive disassembly process. The benefits of proposed modular system includes biggest percentage of reuse of the valuable components, easy maintaining, improved material recycling, environmental protection and greater total return form end of life products.
Career Counseling as a Tool for Successful Implementation of Managerial Competencies of Secondary School Graduates in the Slovak Republic
Authors: Milan Droppa , Ľudmila Lysá , Pavol Budaj , Miroslava Szitová
Published: October 2024

The object of this paper is the issue of career counseling for secondary school students using the "Model career counseling" (hereinafter MCC). The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the contribution of the MCC for students while deciding about the choice of their further education and career choices with the implementation of abilities, interests and personal abilities of the student. The method is an analysis of personality preconditions, general, specific abilities and interests of students by using standardized tests and non-standardized author's questionnaires. Consequently, comparison is realized of the collected data about students with graduate profiles in the study program. Based on the observed results, the focus of their further study is recommended to the students.
Improved Battery Charger Circuit Utilizing Reduced DC-link Capacitors
Authors: Valchev Vencislav , Yankov Plamen , Stanchev Orlin
Published: October 2024

The article presents a comparison of advantages and disadvantages of a battery charger circuit with and without the use of DC-link capacitors in it. The specific application requirements, namely ultra-light electric vehicles, are set as lightness, efficiency and robustness of the design. Prove of greater reliability and improvement on maintenance costs without significant decrease in the quality of charging process with the removal of DC-link capacitors in rectifier and boost converter circuits is accomplished. The proposed circuit parameters are analyzed by carried out simulations.
An Analysis of Countries which have Integrated Coding into their Curricula and the Content Analysis of Academic Studies on Coding Training in Turkey
Authors: Uzunboylu Hüseyin , Kınık Elanur , Kanbul Sezer
Published: October 2024

The first aim is to conduct a general analysis of countries which have integrated coding training into their curricula, and the second aim is to conduct a content analysis of studies on coding training in Turkey. It was identified that there are only a few academic studies on coding training in Turkey, and that the majority of them were published in 2016, the intended population was mainly “undergraduate students” and that the majority of these students were Computer Education and Instructional Technology undergraduates. It was determined that the studies mainly focused on the subjects of “programming” and “Scratch”, the terms programming and coding were used as synonyms, most of the studies were carried out using quantitative methods and data was obtained mostly by literature review and scale/survey interval techniques.
Aspects Regarding the Performance of Differential Current Measurement
Authors: Stanca Cornel , Aciu Lia Elena
Published: October 2024

In this paper is presented the study on Hall current sensors for differential current measurement, aiming to be used in a smart protection device for leakage current in low voltage lines. Experiments have highlighted solutions but also various deficiencies. The paper also proposes measures to enhance measurement errors.
A Confirmatory Factor Analysis Model of Servant Leader of School Director Under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission in Thailand
Authors: Sisan Boonchan
Published: October 2024

This research aims to develop and examine the Goodness-of-Fit Index of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in servant leader of school director under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission (OVEC). The result is based on the empirical data. The sample group consisted of 247 school directors under the OVEC. The samples were taken using Multi - Stage Sampling randomized technique. Research instrument was questionnaire which had 0.80 - 1.00 for item objective congruence, discriminative power with 0.46 - .80 , and reliability of .95. The data analysed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The study shows the servant leader of school director under the OVEC consists of six factors: Appreciating of Others, Developing Others, Developing Community, moral Expressions, Supporting Leadership, and Using Leadership Together. The results of examination of the Goodness-of-Fit Index of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) found the model fit indexes based on the empirical data were =280.89; df=252; P-value=0.10204; Relative =1.11; RMSEA=0.022; NFI=0.98; RMR=0.016; SRMR=0.041; GFI=0.92; AGFI=0.89; NIF=0.98; IFI=1.00; CFI=1.00; CN=252.56. The factor loadings of six factors were from 0.73 – 0.94 and factor loadings of indicators were from -0.39 – 0.57.