bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hibridando modelos pedagógicos para la mejora de la comprensión táctica de estudiantes: una investigación a través del Duni
Authors: Antón-Candanedo Alejandro , Fernández-Río Javier
Published: January 2018

El objetivo de la investigación fue valorar los efectos de una hibridación de los modelos pedagógicos Comprensivo, Educación Deportiva y Autoconstrucción de Materiales sobre el conocimiento táctico de los estudiantes; en este marco, se prestó también gran atención a la valoración de la experiencia por parte del alumnado. El trabajo de campo se llevó a cabo con 30 estudiantes (14 chicos, 16 chicas) de 1º de Bachillerato que accedieron a participar voluntariamente. Ninguno tenía experiencia previa con alguno de los tres modelos pedagógicos. Se empleó un único nivel de tratamiento con grupos naturales intactos que experimentaron una unidad didáctica basada en la hibridación de los modelos señalados anteriormente con el juego del Duni como eje conector. Como instrumento de extracción de datos cuantitativos se empleó el estudio de caso o escenario (antes y después de cada sesión cada participante debía responder uno) y de datos cualitativos una pregunta abierta al final de la experiencia. Los resultados cuantitativos pusieron de manifiesto que hubo mejoras significativas, especialmente entre las chicas, en lo concerniente a la comprensión táctica en 4 de las 7 sesiones. Los resultados cualitativos mostraron cuatro categorías positivas (diversión, interesante, afiliación y transferencia) y dos negativas (aburrimiento y peligro). Globalmente, la hibridación de modelos pedagógicos llevada a cabo puede considerarse positiva, ya que se produjo una mejora del conocimiento táctico de los estudiantes, particularmente entre las alumnas, y las percepciones de conjunto fueron también positivas.
La coordinación entre espacios formativos formales y deportivos: un estudio de caso etnográfico en el fútbol pre-benjamín
Authors: Merino-Orozco Abel , Arraiz-Pérez Ana , Sabirón-Sierra Fernando , Usán-Supervía Pablo , Jarie Laurane
Published: January 2018

El fútbol escolar es hoy una actividad extraescolar de gran relevancia educativa y social. Muchos niños, acompañados por sus familias, participan en una competición reglada sobre la que vierten ilusiones y expectativas. La coordinación emerge como herramienta indispensable para abordar una educación holística del niño, con especial incidencia en una etapa de cambios psicosociales en la que comienza paralelamente su institucionalización escolar y deportiva. El estudio trata de comprender el modo en el que desarrollan las acciones para la coordinación entre los espacios formativos formales y extraescolares deportivos. Para ello, se utiliza un estudio de caso etnográfico en el que se desarrolla una observación participante durante un curso escolar completo, que se complementa con entrevistas en profundidad a maestros. El muestreo teórico se compone de 101 escolares de seis y siete años (cinco niñas y 96 niños), diez entrenadores de fútbol (todos hombres y correspondientes a diez equipos diferentes), 21 maestros (15 mujeres y cinco hombres) y otros actores como familias y organizadores que intervienen en la construcción del escenario socioeducativo. Los resultados más relevantes evidencian una sectorización de las actividades formativas para el niño, que construye aprendizajes en paralelo en dos espacios socioeducativos. Los espacios que facilitan la comunicación se emprenden desde iniciativas personales de agentes educativos con presencia en los dos espacios. Los familiares emergen como figuras educativas de relevancia para la coordinación. El estudio concluye revalorizando la comunicación para lograr una educación holística del niño, y que las actividades extraescolares puedan ser consideradas y utilizadas proactivamente en beneficio pedagógico de las particularidades inherentes a cada persona.
Competições e festivais na Grécia Pré-Helênica: as evidências minóico-micênicas
Authors: Torralvo Ana Claudia
Published: January 2018

O que conhecemos das competições desportivas e dos festivais durante a Idade do Bronze na Grécia e no Egeu chegou até nós através das imagens representadas sobre os mais diversos suportes, como os afrescos, os relevos, a glíptica e outras manifestações da arte desse período. Neles percebemos algumas atividades físicas que podem caracterizar práticas desportivas: a luta corporal, praticada com luvas de couro, e a corrida, ambas comuns ao universo minóico-micênico. Já a tauromaquia ou salto do touro e característica da Creta minóica e só aparece no continente grego como cópia do repertório iconográfico. Muitas vezes os afrescos, principalmente aqueles em contexto minóico, são relacionados à religião e locais de culto, o que levou a associação de representações de eventos públicos com festivais religiosos. Mas a evidência negativa não é conclusiva e, portanto, não podemos afirmar que os jogos, competições e festivais fossem apenas eventos públicos de caráter religioso. A iconografia ultrapassou o limite arquitetônico dos afrescos e relevos para ser aplicada a objetos móveis, corno vasos em pedra e cerâmicos; anéis e engastes em marfim atestam a existência de sacrifícios animais, libações, jogos como lutas e tauromaquias, e procissões com música e danças, possivelmente rituais. Dos espetáculos registrados na imagética minóica, o mais popular era a tauromaquia ou salto do touro. As lutas de boxe parecem ter tido uma origem continental. Os lutadores geralmente são representados aos pares e usam luvas de couro. As corridas também foram muito apreciadas entre os micênios.
Gibbon e a religião. Notas à margem do Declínio e queda (origens e vitória do cristianismo)
Authors: Trabulsi José Antônio Dabdab
Published: January 2018

Tento, neste trabalho, através de uma análise passo a passo do texto de Gibbon, mostrar como a Antiguidade clássica, anterior ao cristianismo, funcionou como arma de luta para o pensamento iluminista. Com Gibbon se estabelece o que será a relação de força predominante na época contemporânea entre a história e a religião, ou seja, afirma-se uma interpretação histórica da religião, em lugar de uma interpretação religiosa da história.
Variação linguística na Índia antiga: uma questão sem fim
Authors: Fonseca Carlos Alberto da
Published: January 2018

Estudiosos da linguagem na Índia antiga, em trabalhos relativos aos mais variados domínios – fonética, fonologia, morfologia, sintaxe, semântica, estilística etc. –, sempre se referiram à variação linguística: desse modo, seria óbvio entender porque nunca estabeleceram qualquer norma linguística que excluísse todas as outras como erradas e porque sempre elaboraram gramáticas da fala. Essa não é, entretanto, a visão que se pode depreender do trabalho dos sanscritistas – que, de obra a obra, de década a década, insistem em recomeçar, com a linguística indiana antiga, um dialogo sempre truncado. Este ensaio, relendo a Grammaire sanskrite de Louis Retzou, estabelece um balanço e um contraponto de textos significativos para o assunto.
Peramalan Kurs Rupiah Terhadap US Dollar Menggunakan Metode Hibrid
Authors: Yasa Nyoman Sumerta , Putra I Ketut Gede Darma , Wirastuti N.M.A.E.D
Published: January 2018

Peramalan adalah bagian integral dari kegiatan pengambilan keputusan manajemen. Ramalan yang dilakukan umumnya berdasarkan pada data masa lampau yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode- metode tertentu. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitan ini akan meramalkan data time series menggunakan metode Radial Basis Fuction, ARIMA dan Double Exponential Smoothing dengan menggunakan Matlab versi 8.1. Data yang digunakan adalah data kurs jual  harian Rupiah terhadap US Dollar yang dimulai dari bulan Januari 2012 sampai dengan  Maret  2014. Dari  ketiga  hasil   ramalan,     akan digunakan metode voting untuk memperoleh akurasi  dari kondisi menguat atau melemahnya kurs rupiah terhadap US Dollar dan juga hasil ramalan digabungkan dengan metode hibrid. Dari hasil peramalan RBF, ARIMA, Double Exponential Smoothing diperoleh MAPE berturut-turut 0,66%, 3,32% dan 0,94% sedangkan akurasi kondisi menguat melemah sebesar 52,54%, 45,76% dan 52,54%. Dari hasil voting dari kondisi menguat dan melemahnya kurs diperoleh akurasi sebesar 54,24% dan setelah digabungkan dengan metode hibrid diperoleh MAPE sebesar 0,64% dengan akurasi sebesar 50,85%. Dapat dilihat bahwa untuk akurasi kondisi menguat dan melemah yang terbaik diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode voting sedangkan untuk MAPE terbaik diperoleh dengan metode hibrid. Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat membantu dalam menganalisa fluktuasi dari pergerakan nilai mata uang tertentu pada saat transaksi jual – beli valuta asing.
Disain LieYo Hidro Generator Explorasi Energi Arus Lepas Pantai
Authors: Jasa Lie , Ardana I Putu
Published: January 2018

Sea currents are one of these renewable energy sources that have not been developed, because they cost a lot and the capacity of energy produced is small. The presence of corrosion factors of sea air to the material containing the iron element of the material used must be of stainless steel. The existence of coral reefs that grow on objects submerged in the sea in a long time. Based on the above problems, the researcher wanted to develop an idea to make LieYo hydro generator. The idea of generating this generator is based on a magnetic ball placed on a vertically mounted pipe and each pipe is paired with a coil, a magnet ball that moves freely up and down in the pipe due to the wobble of the sea surface. Movement of magnetic spheres up and down causing the coils to receive magnetic field lines, the movement of the magnetic sphere will form an electric current on the coil. Several designs were tried out from the results of this study. Later can be used as the basis of designing a LieYo hydro generator.
Analisis THD dan Peningkatan Arus pada Kawat Netral Akibat Pengoperasian Beban Non Linier yang Tak Seimbang pada Sistem Tenaga Listrik di RSUD Kabupaten Klungkung
Authors: Dwipayana I Gusti Ngurah , Rinas I Wayan , Suartika I Made
Published: January 2018

Pengopersian beban-beban listrik non-linier akan mengakibatkan terjadinya distorsi pada bentuk gelombang arus dan tegangan. Ketidakseimbangan beban pada sistem tenaga listrik akan berpengaruh pada prosentase harmonisa dan nilai arus netral (IN) yang mengalir pada kawat netral sistem tersebut.. Analisa sistem pada penelitian ini menggunakan program simulink MATLAB. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan pada kondisi beban seimbang dengan beban linier, nilai arus netralnya adalah 0. Pada kondisi beban tak seimbang dengan beban linier nilai arus netralnya adalah 45,76 A. Pada kondisi beban seimbang dengan beban non linier nilai arus netralnya 61,62 A dengan prosentase THDv pada fasa R 1,49% ; S 1,47% ; T 1,48% dan THDi pada fasa R 16,38% ; S 16,31% ; T 16,19%. Pada kondisi beban tak seimbang dengan beban non linier terjadi peningkatan arus netral dan THD yaitu nilai arus netral 65,5 A dengan prosentase THDv pada fasa R 1,61% ; S 1,49% ; T 1,46% dan THDi pada fasa R 18,47% ; S 16,57% ; T 15,84%.

 

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Rancang Bangun Sistem Data Logger Berbasis Visual Pada Solar Cell
Authors: Mahendra Sanjaya I Putu Gede , Indra Partha Cok Gede , Khrisne Duman Care
Published: January 2018

Untuk mengoptimalkan pengukuran keluaran dari panel solar cell maka diperlukan rancang bangun sistem nirkabel data logger berbasis visual pada solar cell yang merupakan suatu sistem untuk mempermudah pengukuran, pembacaan serta pengkomunikasian data dalam membaca energi listrik yang dikeluarkan pada solar cell. Rancang sistem ini memiliki dua buah sub sistem, sub sistem pertama adalah perancangan perangkat keras berupa perancangan perangkat elektronik sistem data logger yang dilengkapi dengan SD card sebagai back up data, kemudian sensor arus dan sensor tegangan sebagai pembaca keluaran energi listrik pada solar cell. Sub sistem kedua adalah perancangan perangkat lunak software pada data logger dan perancangan software pada visual basic sebagai pembacaan dalam pengirim data. Hasil pembacaan sistem ini menunjukkan persentase perbedaan nilai arus dengan amperemeter sebesar 2.6% dan persentase perbedaan nilai tegangan dengan voltmeter sebesar 0.33% dengan standarisasi IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) alat ukur amperemeter ±3.2% dan voltmeter  ±2.5%. Sistem ini juga menyimpan hasil pengukuran pada database dan SD card data logger secara otomatis setiap 15 menit dengan interval pembacaan menimal 1 menit dan hasil pembacaan yang disimpan berupa data tanggal, nilai arus, nilai tegangan dan daya
YOUTH COUNCILLORS' PERCEPTIONS OF PARTICIPATION AT A MUNICIPAL LEVEL: THE CASE OF A LIMPOPO DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY
Authors: Phaswana Edith Dinong
Published: January 2018

Over the past three decades youth participation as a theoretical, practical and policy approach has gained popularity globally. In 1996, South Africa established various youth institutions at national, provincial and local level. This has translated into many adult organisations having to make a shift in their thinking and operations. This includes municipalities at local level. In this paper, I focus on one district municipality in the Limpopo province to examine youth participation practices. I use Driskell and Kudva’s framework of spaces of participation for adult-run organisations seeking to promote youth participation to examine the appropriateness of a municipality as a space for participation practice. My research shows that adult attitudes towards young people can potentially undermine the creation of other participatory spaces However, bounded operational issues can be countered by the structural opportunities existing there.
STRATEGIES OF THE UNEMPLOYED IN SOUTH AFRICA: DOES MOVING ALLOW THE UNEMPLOYED TO GET AHEAD?
Authors: Ebrahim Amina , Leibbrandt Murray , Woolard Ingrid
Published: January 2018

This paper examines the survival strategies of the unemployed by using the data from the 2008, 2010–2011 and 2012 National Income Dynamics Study. We find that in response to unemployment and almost no unemployment insurance, unemployed individuals look to parents, relatives and friends for economic support. They are more likely to attach themselves to households that have some income through an employed member or receipt of state support. In many cases, the unemployed delay setting up their own households while others move back into family households when faced with persistent unemployment. We use a probit model to show that the unemployed who move are more likely to be employed when interviewed the second or third time. The effects of moving on employment status are significant and positive when we take into account household and individual characteristics. Moving allows the unemployed to get ahead.
Development Assistance in Lesotho: Is it a National Strategy for Poverty Reduction and Sustainable Development?
Authors: Mots'oene Keneuoe , Esenjor Akinagum
Published: January 2018

This article argues that Lesotho’s increasing reliance on aid leads to economic decline, worsening living standards and eventually poverty, thus obstructing sustainable development. Studies done in the country are silent about the effect of aid on poverty reduction and sustainable development. The study fills this missing link in the literature. Aid as a resource must help a country to enable its citizens to live beyond consumption by creating other activities that will in the long-run, reduce vulnerability and poverty; thus promoting sustainable development, which is contrary to what has been prevailing in Lesotho. The worst scenario in Lesotho is the post-independence period, where almost all aid combined failed to bring the desired changes in the lives of the majority and instead, increased vulnerability and poverty, and resulted in unsustainable development.
Vehicular Cross-Border Languages, Multilingualism and the African Integration Debate: A Decolonial Epistemic Perspective
Authors: Ndhlovu Finex
Published: January 2018

The proposition that African vehicular cross-border languages are best positioned to facilitate African integration is underpinned by a hegemonic and colonial philosophy that misdirects the African multilingual debate. This becomes apparent when the perceived utility of this category of languages is considered against the backdrop of contestations surrounding language definition traditions and the incidence of language multiversity in Africa. Drawing on the ideas of decolonial scholarship from the Global South, this article provides a critical analysis of African vehicular cross-border languages and perceptions about their ability to resolve the anticipated intercultural communication problems of an integrated Africa. The article seeks to bring to the limelight some of the fundamental omissions and blind spots of such projective conclusions about the potential of vehicular cross-border languages and how such projections are shaped by dominant, neo-liberal and conservative language ideologies and ideologies of (or about) language.
Decolonial Turns and Development Discourse in Africa: Reflections on Masculinity and Pan-Africanism
Authors: Biney Ama
Published: January 2018

The Euro-American hegemonic control of epistemology has produced the current modern and patriarchal world order underpinned by a Manichean outlook in which Africa is considered a site of inferior people enveloped by lack of development. This article deploys the concept of decolonial turns to understand how Euro-American thought has produced ideas of development within which Africa emerges as lacking development. It posits that Euro-American discourse of development has continued to inform those processes that resulted in the impoverishment of the African continent. The discourse was articulated in the guise of modernization theory of the 1960s and now exists in the current Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers that have currently replaced the Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) of the 1980s and 1990s. The challenging question from a decolonial perspective for this article is whether pan-Africanism of the 21st century is able to provide the intellectual counter-weight to Euro-American epistemological domination. The article also delves deeper into question of masculinity and patriarchy that also contribute to poverty in Africa.
Coloniality in the Scramble for African Knowledge: A Decolonial Political Perspective
Authors: Mpofu William Jethro
Published: January 2018

The scramble to describe Africa, and to name the African condition in the global information and knowledge economy is a colossal enterprise whose stampede is as suffocating as the Berlin Conference of 1884 that saw Africa being sliced up into convenient pieces of colonies, to be shared among the self-appointed masters of the universe. A bold assumption of this paper is that all powers, be they dominating or liberating, are accompanied by complementing knowledges. The resistance to Eurocentric knowledge of Africa by scholars and intellectuals in the African academy is as sweaty and as bloody as the nationalist and pan-Africanist battles that dethroned judicial colonialism in Africa and liquidated administrative apartheid in South Africa. Colonialism was accompanied by colonial knowledge of Africa, consequently Afrocentric activists and scholars are generating decolonial African knowledge in resistance and negation to coloniality, which is a power that is the oxygen of colonialism and which lives after colonialism has died. Combative Afrocentric schools of thought such as Afrikology, Afrocentricism, negritude, bolekaja criticism and decolonial thought have been generated by thinkers and philosophers in the global South to contest the Eurocentric domineering epistemologies on Africa. Decolonial thought and its view on 'unthinking' Eurocentric epistemologies on Africa is used to unpack the hidden elements of coloniality in the scramble for African knowledge.
A CRITIQUE OF EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH AND PRACTICE IN AFRICA
Authors: Oppong Seth
Published: January 2018

The issue of the influence of poverty on early childhood development has received considerable research attention. Poverty has usually been conceptualised and measured in absolute terms, using a national and an international poverty line. Similarly, the outcome variables (such as cognitive ability, academic performance, personality, and behavioural patterns) have also been measured as if Western childhood developmental trajectories and ideals are universal. It is argued that when poverty is defined by biased attitudes and measures, children are improperly classified and judged and interventions are designed with the wrong goals in mind. It is against this background that this article provides a critical review of the existing literature. In particular, this article explores some definitional issues in the measurement of poverty and the presence or otherwise of Western biases in the conceptualisation and measurement of relevant outcomes in childhood. It is expected that there will be an appreciable improvement in knowledge production in respect of the influence of poverty on the African child when the issues explored in this article are addressed.
PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SERVICE OF PUBLIC POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT PLANNING: THE CASE OF GHANA
Authors: Oppong Seth
Published: January 2018

Generally, psychologists are not well known in public policy and development circles as experts whose contributions are invited. This has been attributed, at the very least, to the inability of psychologists to communicate what they can contribute to public policy. To address this issue of lack of involvement, it has become necessary for psychologists, therefore, to claim part of the intellectual space in development circles in order to showcase what contributions psychologists can make to public policy and development planning. Thus, this article seeks to examine the potential contributions that psychology as a discipline can make to public policy making and development, particularly in Ghana. It concludes that public policy and development will benefit from the application of psychological research and principles. However, it is suggested that further studies should be conducted to assess the perceived acceptance of the involvement of psychologists in public policy from the various stakeholders on the one hand and the readiness of psychologists to participate on the other.
Conversations of motherhood : women's writing across traditions, Ksenia Robbe
Authors: Webster Anjuli
Published: January 2018

The devaluation of social reproductive labour has taken on unique and insidious forms through the functioning of the 'post'-apartheid political economy of South Africa. In particular, the non-racial and neoliberal ideology of the 'Rainbow Nation' and its various guises of 'freedom' render the forms and mechanisms of racialised and gendered oppression in South Africa increasingly more difficult to make sense of. In considering the reproduction of socially constructed materiality and experience in this country, the history of racial capitalism, and the enduring racialisation of inequality should be taken into account. It is against this context and backdrop that the centralisation of gendered experiences and representations of transcultural motherhoods by Ksenia Robbe in Conversations of motherhood: women's writing across traditions (2015) is particularly important to examine. The central thrust of the book is one concerned with representations and experiences of motherhood.
The relationship between access to Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and poverty in South Africa
Authors: Gabriels Howard , Horn Anele
Published: January 2018

The National Development Plan (NDP) recognises access to Information and Communications Technology (ICT) as a hindrance towards economic advancement in South Africa and lists universal access to broadband services as an enabling milestone towards reducing poverty (National Planning Commission 2011: 149). In many respects South Africa has made tremendous progress with access to basic voice telephony, as a result of the rapid expansion of mobile service providers, mainly due to convenience and the introduction of pre-paid telephony. However, with respect to other elements of ICT, especially access to services that require broadband infrastructure, South Africa has not made much progress over the past decade. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the relationship between access to ICT and poverty in South Africa in order to establish whether any meaningful correlations exist. The paper furthermore attempts to identify those areas in South Africa that are characterised by both high levels of poverty, and low levels of access to ICT. There is a strong negative correlation between the geographic spread of access to ICT and the geographic spread of poverty in South Africa. In other words, areas where poverty are relatively high are areas likely to experience relatively low access to ICT, conversely, areas where poverty are relatively low are likely to experience relatively high levels of access to ICT.
Meanings and understandings of wellbeing : an exploration of Somali refugees' conceptions of human wellbeing
Authors: Senkosi Balyejjusa Moses
Published: January 2018

Although there is a substantial body of literature on human wellbeing, there is no universally agreed-upon meaning and understanding of the concept. This article explores the meanings and understandings which Somali refugees in Kampala, Uganda attach to the concept. Drawing on 14 in-depth individual interviews and seven focus group discussions with 70 Somali refugee study participants in Kisenyi, I argue that wellbeing is mainly understood in terms of having access to objective elements that result in having a good or comfortable life. Objective elements can be seen to represent human needs with respect to Doyal and Gough's theory of human need. These objective elements were discussed as prerequisites for having a good life. They include peace and security, health, education, employment and housing. Adequate access to these objective elements is perceived as fundamentally important in promoting and guaranteeing human wellbeing.
The new scramble for Africaâ€™s resources: implications for its development
Authors: Charles Alfred
Published: January 2018

The scramble for the natural resources of one of the richest continent of the world â€“ Africa â€“ is an ongoing phenomenon, however, the intensity and the protagonists of the scramble have increased multifold. Initially the scramblers were essentially after only the agricultural and mineral resources of the continent, however, in the present era, they are also after the human resources and the soul â€“ land â€“ of the continent. The scramblers are not only Europeans or American nations, but the Asians and others have also joined the scramblersâ€™ club. The main aim of this paper is to explain the new forms and dimensions of the scramble and its impact. The paper concludes that the new scramble for Africaâ€™s resources will not end so soon, because the need for major natural resources like crude oil, uranium and brains (learned Africans) is increasing geometrically, as the developed nations improve their conditions of living and enhances their use of science and technology. Therefore, two of the main feasible solutions for the Africans now are, inward-oriented, legally backed and continent-wide internal trading among themselves and other forms of systematic protectionism of their material and human resources.
The American style of development aid to Liberia
Authors: Kieh George Klay
Published: January 2018

There is a growing corpus of literature on the critical issue of the various styles used by donors in giving development aid to recipient states in various parts of the world, including Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America. This article seeks to contribute to the body of literature by examining the nature and dynamics of the American style of development aid to Liberia and the resulting implications for the latterâ€™s social and economic development. Using the realpolitik model as its analytical framework, the article situates the American style of development aid giving within the broader context of Liberia-United States (US) relations. Based on this foundation, the article then interrogated the flows of US development aid to Liberia from 1946â€“2013. The findings indicate that the American style of aid giving is ostensibly designed to serve the economic, political, military and strategic interests of the US. In this vein, Liberia is required to serve as a foot soldier in the promotion of American national interests in the former and elsewhere. Accordingly, in terms of the implications for social and economic development, for the past six decades American development aid has not helped to advance the material conditions of Liberiaâ€™s subaltern classes. However, in order to change this situation, the US would need to rethink the realpolitik foundation of its development aid programme and the Liberian government would need to press for such a policy rethinking. However, both of these possibilities are highly unlikely, given the USâ€™ determination to prosecute its imperial project and its clientelist relationship with the Liberian government.
Does Maternal Employment Affect Breastfeeding in Plateau State, Nigeria?
Authors: Emmanuel Andy , Clow Sheila Elizabeth
Published: January 2018

There are competing priorities between maternal employment and breastfeeding. This study was conducted to determine the influence of the maternal employment status and the time of return to work postpartum on breastfeeding. This will provide vital information that could be used in promoting breastfeeding among working mothers in the future. A cross-sectional study of 763Â pregnant women who had previously given birth was conducted in Plateau State, Nigeria. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire and the women participated voluntarily. Exclusive breastfeeding for at least five months was recorded in 75.4Â per cent (270/358) of employed women and 78.4Â per cent (225/287) of unemployed women. An overall duration of 13Â monthsâ€™ breastfeeding was reported in 72.9Â per cent (256/351) of women who were working at the time of the birth compared to 84Â per cent (241/287) of women who were not working. For the overall duration of breastfeeding (any breastfeeding), results revealed that women who return to work early after delivery are more likely to stop breastfeeding earlier than the recommended period. Maternal employment at the time of delivery may therefore have an influence on breastfeeding. Accordingly, working mothers in this setting require additional breastfeeding support or counselling, and also, workplace breastfeeding support in Plateau State requires evaluation.
SCHOLARSHIP OF DISCOVERY: ENHANCING A RESEARCH CULTURE IN NURSING COLLEGES
Authors: Roets L. , Lubbe J.C.
Published: January 2018

The scholarship of nursing depends on the research culture in institutions. Not all higher education institutions globally expect from diploma prepared nurses to be research trained, but it is expected in the South African and African context. Globalisation and the migration of degree and diploma prepared nurses, should sensitize the global nursing community about the challenges faced when nursing colleges or learning centres, offering diploma programmes, become part of the higher education sphere and need to contribute to the scholarship of discovery. This article reports on strategies that could be implemented in higher education institutions, such as colleges, to enhance the research culture. A qualitative research design was used and data gathered through a nominal group technique with 12 students from different institutions as well as reflection reports from five nurse educators involved in research training and supervision. Participants indicated that the most important aspect that needed to be addressed in nursing education was improved research knowledge for students, nurse educators and research supervisors. Institutions where nurse educators do not have master's degrees should implement strategies to support students and educators in enhancing their research capacities and skills in order to improve the institution's research culture. University nursing schools, which have research mentors, should become role models/mentors to support enhancing a research culture in nursing colleges in South Africa and Africa.
THE INFLUENCE OF RELIGION IN THE UPTAKE OF MALE CIRCUMCISION AS AN HIV PREVENTION STRATEGY IN SWAZILAND
Authors: Maibvise C. , Mavundla T.R.
Published: January 2018

Circumcision has been practised for centuries among various groups of people world-wide, mainly for religious, traditional, hygienic or medical reasons. However, this practice was rare in Swaziland. Following recommendations by the World Health Organisation that circumcision should be added as an additional strategy for HIV prevention, the country embarked on mass male circumcision campaigns, aimed at scaling up the practice nationwide. Apparently the turnup for the procedure is below the set targets. Knowledge of factors that influence the uptake of circumcision is necessary in order to maximise the success of the strategy. This study aimed at assessing the influence of religion and/or culture on perception and hence uptake of circumcision in Swaziland. An explorative qualitative research design was used, in which in-depth face-toface interviews were conducted on seventeen participants individually. Results showed that
Christianity and African Traditional Religion are the dominant religions in Swaziland and each of them has both a negative and a positive influence on the perception of, and hence the decision to be, circumcised. This depended on the individuals' interpretation and understanding of the doctrine of their religion or denomination. It was recommended that the identified positive influences be capitalised on to promote circumcision.
INVESTIGATING THE QUALITY OF HIV TESTING AND COUNSELLING OF A PEPFAR FUNDED ORGANIZATION IN RELATION TO A NON-PEPFAR FUNDED ORGANIZATION
Authors: Kyobula-Mukoza S. , Volks C. , Reddy L.
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this research article is to report the findings of an implementation evaluation that was conducted to assess the quality of services offered by two service providers at an HIV testing campaign, rolled out at the University of Cape Town (UCT). This evaluation was conducted to investigate the quality of service provided by a PEPFAR funded HIV testing organisation and a non-PEPFAR HIV testing organisation. The HIV testing campaign was open to all students at UCT. The goal of the campaign was to encourage students to know their status and be informed about safer sex practices. The HIV testing and counselling process ran for three days in August 2011.
The sample of this evaluation consisted of UCT registered students who volunteered to take part in the HIV testing and counselling campaign. The non-probability sampling method was used. This entailed selecting students on the basis of their availability to test for HIV. To gather data for the evaluation, a quantitative survey questionnaire was developed and administered.
Findings from this evaluation revealed that both service providers offered a good quality service. In other words, the HIV testing services provided by the PEPFAR funded organisation compared favourably with the services provided by a non-PEPFAR funded organisation.
AN EXPLORATION OF THE PROFESSIONAL SOCIALISATION OF STUDENT NURSES
Authors: De Swardt H C , Van Rensburg Gisela Hildegard , Oosthuizen M J
Published: January 2018

Desirable levels of knowledge and skills or appropriate values and beliefs of the nursing profession are not manifested in all students who become professional nurses. The aim of the study was to explore the perceptions of professional nurses regarding their role in the professional socialisation of student nurses and the experiences of the students as members of the nursing profession. A qualitative design was applied to collect data from two purposively selected samples, professional nurses and students. Focus-group interviews (two with sample 1 and 5 with sample 2) were conducted. Findings revealed that a lack of exemplary role models, an unfavourable environment and studentsâ€™ own reasons of career choice influenced the professional socialisation of students. Exemplary role modelling, supportive learning environments, the empowerment of professional nurses and the commitment to professional values of nursing are vital to develop well-socialised professional practitioners.
THE EXPERIENCES OF CRITICAL CARE NURSES WITH REGARD TO END-OF-LIFE ISSUES IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
Authors: Jordan Portia , Clifford I , Williams M
Published: January 2018

Nurses in the intensive care unit might be faced with emotional conflict, stress and anxiety when dealing with end-of-life issues and thus need to be supported. In understanding the experiences of nurses, enhanced support can be given in order to assist nurses to deal better with end-of life issues in the intensive care unit. The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of nursesâ€™ with regard to end-of-life issues in the intensive care unit. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research design using a semi-structured interview approach was used. The target population for the study comprise twenty registered nurses in the intensive care unit. Of the twenty nurses, only nine were willing to participate in the study. Purposive sampling method was used to interview nine nurses in a private intensive care unit. Data collected was thematically analysed, using Teschâ€™s method. Four major themes were identified, namely: (1) conflicting emotions; (2) family relations; (3) multi-disciplinary team relations; and (4) supportive strategies when dealing with end-of-life issues. The study concluded that nurses experienced different emotions, conflict and stress when dealing with end-of-life issues in the intensive care unit. A need for supportive relations with family members, the multi-disciplinary team and support from management were reported. Immediate debriefing, enhancing communication amongst multi-disciplinary team members, having a permanent counsellor or pastoral counselling, an ethics committee and training programmes in place to address end-of-life issues are a few of the support strategies that can assist critical care nurses in dealing with end-of-life issues in the intensive care unit.Â
NURSESâ€™ PERCEPTIONS ABOUT THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FOCUSED ANTE- NATAL CARE SERVICES IN DAR ES SALAAM, TANZANIA
Authors: Yengo M L , Monareng Lydia , Monama E N
Published: January 2018

A number of countries in Africa, including Tanzania, introduced focused antenatal care (FANC) as an approach to improve the maternal and child health care services and decrease the high rate of maternal deaths. The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptions of nurses with regard to the implementation of FANC in practice. Â A quantitative descriptive design was used to determine how the implementation of FANC guidelines was perceived by nurses who provided midwifery services in Tanzania. Â A questionnaire was used to collect data. Â Stratified random sampling was used to recruit 143 nurses, comprising nursing officers (n=50), midwives (n=53), and public health nurses (n=40). Â The SAS/Basic and SAS/STAT version 11.1 statistical analysis programs were used to analyse data and compile descriptive statistics. Cronbachâ€™s co-efficient reliability was 0.86. Â The results revealed that the greatest area of concern (73.8%; n=104) was the shortage of human and material resources for the successful implementation of FANC. However, there was a positive perception about the implementation and the outcome of FANC services by 98.6% (n=141) of the respondents. Â Authorities and management of these services should attend to and review the human and non-human resource allocation budgets.
El coraje como actitud del ciudadano o sujeto político
Authors: Juliao Vargas Carlos Germán
Published: January 2018

El presente texto aborda las nociones de sujeto político y ciudadanía desde las posibilidades de militancia y respuesta a la violencia y la realidad. El debate planteado se enriquece con planteamientos de Michel Foucault, Hannah Arendt, Jacques Ranciere, Howard Zinn y Henry Thoureau. De igual modo, la reflexión sobre la experiencia de Gandhi nutre la discusión por cuanto la no-violencia es un posicionamiento legítimo frente a las acciones violentas.
DOS MODELOS DE TEORÍA DE JUEGOS APLICADOS A LAS ADMINISTRADORAS DE FONDOS PARA EL RETIRO (AFORES ) EN MÉXICO
Authors: Banda Ortiz Humberto , Gómez Hernández Denise , Hirsch Julia
Published: January 2018

El sistema de pensiones basado en administradoras de fondos para el retiro (AFORES) es relativamente nuevo en México, es por ello que el presente trabajo muestra dos aplicaciones de la teoría de juegos con el fin de proporcionar herramientas que permitan a los diferentes agentes económicos que participan en el mercado de pensiones de capitalización individual en México tomar decisiones para maximizar sus beneficios económicos y personales. Los resultados que se encontraron ponen de manifiesto la aplicabilidad del modelo de Bertrand para modelar la forma en como las AFORES compiten por precios en el mercado y la utilidad del modelo de Hotelling para modelar la forma en como las AFORES compiten por una diferenciación horizontal en el mercado.
Multiple Trichoepithelioma pada Kukang (Nycticebus coucang) Jantan di Yayasan Inisiasi Alam Rehabilitasi Indonesia: Studi Kasus
Authors: Priambada Nur Purba , Prameswari Wendi , Yanti Fitri , Sanchez Karmele Llano
Published: January 2018

Berbagai macam neoplasia telah dilaporkan di prosimian tetapi masih sedikit sekali kasus tumor kulit pada kukang yang dilaporkan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk membahas kasus multiple trichoepithelioma pada kukang sumatra (N. coucang). Seekor kukang sumatera berjenis kelamin jantan, dewasa, memiliki berat 670 gram, telah diterima oleh Pusat Rehabilitasi Primata Yayasan Inisiasi Alam Rehabilitasi Indonesia (PRP-YIARI), Bogor pada Mei 2014. Pada pemeriksaan fisik ditemukan sebanyak 18 buah bentukan masa di kulitnya dengan diameter yang bervariasi 5-25 mm dan tersebar di seluruh tubuh mulai dari kaki, tangan, punggung, perut dan dahi. Hasil biopsi jaringan menunjukkan adenoma kelenjar sebaseous dan pemeriksaan histopatologi lanjutan menunjukkan trichoepithelioma. Merujuk dari hasil histopatologi dan keberadaan jumlah tumor yang banyak, maka diagnosa dari kasus ini adalah multiple trichoepithelioma dengan prognosa fausta. Terapi berupa eksisi tumor dengan pembedahan telah dilakukan dan cukup efektif. Masih belum diketahui apakah penyakit ini telah ada pada kukang sejak hidup liar di alam atau terjadi ketika dipelihara dalam lingkungan captive.Kata kunci: kukang, IAR Indonesia, multipel trichoepithelioma, neoplasia (Multiple Trichoepithelioma pada Kukang (Nycticebus coucang) Jantan di Yayasan Inisiasi Alam Rehabilitasi Indonesia: Studi Kasus)A variety of neoplasia have been reported in prosimians, but only a few skin neoplasia were reported in slow lorises. The objective of this case study is to report a case of multiple trichoepithelioma on sumatran slow loris (N. coucang). On May 2014, Pusat Rehabilitasi Primata Yayasan Inisiasi Alam Rehabilitasi Indonesia  (PRP-YIARI), Bogor, has been rescued an adult male Sumatran slow loris with 670 gram of body weight. During the physical examination, he was found with 18 masses in his skin, in varies diameter (5-25 mm) and spread in his whole body from hand, foot, back, stomach and forehead. The result of tissues biopsy shown that the masses were sebaceous gland adenoma, but further histopathological examination shown that it was trichoepithelioma. Due regard of the histopathological result and the amount of the tumour, we diagnosed this case study as multiple trichoepithelioma with good prognosis. Treatment by surgical tumour excision has already done and had quite effective result. It still remind unclear whether this case happen since the slow loris live in the wild or during in captivity.Keywords: slow loris, IAR Indonesia, multiple trichoepithelioma, neoplasia
Identifikasi Kecacingan pada Satwa Liar dan Ternak Domestik di Taman Nasional Way Kambas, Lampung
Authors: Candra Dedi , Warganegara Efrida , Bakri Samsul , Setiawan Agus
Published: January 2018

Penyakit kecacingan dan interaksi antara satwa liar dengan ternak domestik di kawasan Taman Nasional Way Kambas (TNWK) merupakan permasalahan yang harus mendapat perhatian serius dalam pengelolaan konservasi di TNWK dan pemeliharaan ternak di desa penyangga TNWK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk identifi kasi keberadaan cacing pada sampel tinja (feses) satwa liar (harimau, badak, dan gajah) dan ternak domestik (sapi, kerbau, dan kambing) di sekitar TNWK. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada musim hujan yaitu pada periode Januari-Juli 2014 dan Oktober 2014 - Februari 2015; dengan lokasi pengambilan mencakup 36 lokasi (11 lokasi di TNWK dan 25 lokasi di desa-desa penyangga). Identifikasi cacing dari feses dilakukan dengan metode natif, pengendapan dan pengapungan, penghitungan telur dengan metode Mc Master, dan telaah potensi cacing zoonosis dengan studi literatur. Tidak ditemukan cacing pada harimau, sementara itu pada badak dan gajah Sumatera ditemukan Paramphistomum spp dan Strongyloides spp. Cacing yang ditemukan pada kerbau, sapi dan kambing ialah Paramphistomum spp, Fasciola spp, Trichuris spp, Mecistocirrus spp, Strongylus spp, Bunostomum spp, Haemonchus spp, Strongyloides spp, Oesophagostomum spp, Nematodirrus spp, dan Trichostrongylus spp. Inang ternak domestik (kerbau dan sapi) berpotensi menjadi vektor penularan Paramphistomum spp ke satwa liar. Kemungkinan cacing gastrointestinal yang berpotensi sebagai zoonosis ialah Fasciola spp, Strongyloides spp, Oesophagostomum spp, Haemonchus spp, Trichostrongylus spp dan Trichuris spp.
Potensi Ekstrak Air Daun Sirsak sebagai Penurun Kolesterol dan Pengendali Bobot Badan
Authors: Yuniarti Lelly , Dewi Miranti Kania , Lantika Uci Ary , Bhatara Tryando
Published: January 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak air daun sirsak terhadap bobot badan dan kadar kolesterol darah. Penelitian ini menggunakanrancangan acak lengkap dengan 5 kelompok perlakuan masing-masing sebanyak 3 ulangan. Hewan coba berupa tikus galur Wistar sebanyak 15 ekor dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kelompok yang diberikan ekstrak air daun sirsak dengan dosis 200 mg/kgBB, 400mg/kgBB, kontrol positif, kontrol negatif, dan kontrol normal. Rerata bobot badan dan kadar kolesterol kemudian dianalisis menggunakan Sapphiro Wilk test, ANOVA dan Kruskall Wallis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua kelompok yang diberikan ekstrak daun sirsak memiliki efek menghambat peningkatan bobot badan jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol normal, sedangkan untuk kadar kolesterol darah didapatkan bahwa seluruh kelompok perlakuan menunjukkan kadar kolesterol darah yang sama dengan kelompok yang diberikan simvastatin. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah bahwa ekstrak air daun sirsak memiliki efek mengendalikan bobot badan dan kolesterol darah. Efek terhadap kolesterol darah serupa dengan simvastatin, karena ekstrak air daun sirsak mengandung fl avonoid yang mempunyai efek menghambat enzim HMG CoA reduktase, serupa dengan mekanisme kerja simvastatin dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah.