bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accumulation Mechanism and Effects of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in the Filters of Bottled Mineral-Water Facilities
Authors: Shin Woosik , Jeong Jina , Han Jeong-Hee , Chang Byung-Uck , Choung Sungwook
Published: April 2020

Groundwater contains naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) through water–rock interactions. Although a recent study found that the NORMs are accumulated into the filters utilized in bottled mineral-water facilities, the accumulation mechanism and effects have rarely been studied. This study is, therefore, conducted to determine the mechanism of NORM accumulation in filters during water treatment processes and to provide a first estimate of the level of radiological risk for workers in five bottled-mineral-water facilities. The level of Rn-222 decreased dramatically at the first filters (FF) encountered after passing through water storage tanks, while surface radiation sharply increased. The increase of radioactivity on the FF was mainly caused by the accumulation of short-lived radon progenies through decay processes inside the water tanks. Although the estimated radiological risk was lower under certain circumstances compared to the public dose limit of 1 mSv yr−1, the radiological risk should be properly managed in case of direct and/or close handling of the used filters during filter replacement procedures.
Pulsating Flow of an Ostwald—De Waele Fluid between Parallel Plates
Authors: González Rodrigo , Tamburrino Aldo , Vacca Andrea , Iervolino Michele
Published: April 2020

The flow between two parallel plates driven by a pulsatile pressure gradient was studied analytically with a second-order velocity expansion. The resulting velocity distribution was compared with a numerical solution of the momentum equation to validate the analytical solution, with excellent agreement between the two approaches. From the velocity distribution, the analytical computation of the discharge, wall shear stress, discharge, and dispersion enhancements were also computed. The influence on the solution of the dimensionless governing parameters and of the value of the rheological index was discussed.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling and Field Applications of Non-Powered Hydraulic Mixing in Water Treatment Plants
Authors: Ohm Tea In , Cae Jong Seong , Zhang Meng Yu , Joo Jin Chul
Published: April 2020

In this study, non-powered hydraulic mixing with three layers of baffles and holes was evaluated as an alternative to vertical shaft impellers in a rapid mixing process through both computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and field applications. From the CFD modeling, the turbulence (i.e., vortex rings) caused by excess kinetic energy between the inlet and second-layer baffle ensures rapid mixing of the coagulants throughout the total water flow and overcomes the damping effect of the components in a mixing basin. Although optimal inlet velocity needs to be investigated for sufficient mixing between coagulants and pollutants in raw water with relatively low energy consumption and maintenance costs, non-powered hydraulic mixing developed in this study was proved to create strong turbulence and can be applied in any water treatment plants that involves coagulation-flocculation processes. Based on the comparison of the water quality between two water treatment plants using identical raw water and coagulant operated from 2014 to 2016, no difference in water quality of treated water indicated that non-powered hydraulic mixing can be replaced with vertical shaft impellers, hence, both energy consumption and maintenance costs can be reduced. Further study is warranted to optimize non-powered hydraulic mixing for the tradeoff between mixing efficiency and energy consumption in the water treatment plants.
Experimental Evaluation for the Impacts of Conservation Agriculture with Drip Irrigation on Crop Coefficient and Soil Properties in the Sub-Humid Ethiopian Highlands
Authors: Yimam Abdu Y. , Assefa Tewodros T. , Adane Nigus F. , Tilahun Seifu A. , Jha Manoj K. , Reyes Manuel R.
Published: April 2020

A field experiment consists of conservation agriculture (CA) and conventional tillage (CT) practices were set up in two areas, Robit and Dangishta, in sub-humid Ethiopian highlands. Irrigation water use, soil moisture, and agronomic data were monitored, and laboratory testing was conducted for soil samples, which were collected from 0 to 40 cm depth before planting and after harvest during the study period of 2015–2017. Calculation of crop coefficient (Kc) revealed a significant decrease in Kc values under CA as compared to CT. The result depicted that CA with a drip irrigation system significantly (α = 0.05) reduced Kc values of crops as compared to CT. Specifically, 20% reductions were observed for onion, cabbage, and garlic under CA whereas 10% reductions were observed for pepper throughout the crop base period. Consequently, irrigation water measurement showed that about 18% to 28% of a significant irrigation water savings were observed for the range of vegetables under CA as compared to CT. On the other hand, the results of soil measurement showed the CA practice significantly (α = 0.05) increased soil moisture (4%, 7%, 8%, and 10% increment for onion, cabbage, garlic, pepper) than CT practice even if irrigation input was small in CA practice. In addition, CA was found to improve the soil physico-chemical properties with significant improvement on organic matter (10%), field capacity (4%), and total nitrogen (10%) in the Dangishta experimental site. CA with drip irrigation is evidenced to be an efficient water-saving technology while improving soil properties to support sustainable intensification in the region.
Defining the Nature of the Nexus: Specialization, Connectedness, Scarcity, and Scale in Food–Energy–Water Management
Authors: Katz Stephen L. , Padowski Julie C. , Goldsby Michael , Brady Michael P. , Hampton Stephanie E.
Published: April 2020

There is an increasing appreciation that food–energy–water (FEW) nexus problems are approaching criticality in both the developing and developed world. As researchers and managers attempt to address these complex resource management issues, the concept of the FEW nexus has generated a rapidly growing footprint in global sustainability discourse. However, this momentum in the FEW nexus space could be better guided if researchers could more clearly identify what is and is not a FEW problem. Without this conceptual clarity, it can be difficult to defend the position that FEW innovations will produce desired outcomes and avoid unintended consequences. Here we examine the growing FEW nexus scholarship to critically evaluate what features are necessary to define a FEW nexus. This analysis suggests that the FEW nexus differs from sector-focused natural resource or sustainability problems in both complexity and stakes. It also motivates two new foci for research: the identification of low-dimension indexes of FEW system status and approaches for identifying boundaries of specific FEW nexuses.
Periodic Oscillation of Sediment Transport Influenced by Winter Synoptic Events, Bohai Strait, China
Authors: Duan Haiqin , Xu Jingping , Wu Xiao , Wang Houjie , Liu Zhiqiang , Wang Chenghao
Published: April 2020

Instruments on two bottom-mount platforms deployed in the Bohai Strait during a cruise from January 6–13, 2018 recorded an intense northerly wind event. The responses of hydrodynamic and hydrographical characteristics in Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea to the wind event were analyzed aided by the wind, wave, sea surface suspended sediment concentration and sea surface height datasets from open sources. It is shown that the strong wind event had a significant impact on the redistribution of sea surface height, regional wave conditions, regional circulations and the accompanying sediment transport pattern. Specifically, the sediment transport through the Bohai Strait may be divided into two chronological phases related to the wind event: (1) the enhanced sediment transport phase during the buildup and peak of the wind event when both the Northern Shandong Coastal Current and regional suspended sediment concentration were sharply increased; and (2) the relaxation phase when the northerly wind subsided or even reversed, accompanied by the enhanced Yellow Sea Warm Current with lowered suspended sediment concentration. Such results at synoptic scale would improve our capability of quantifying sediment exchange between the Bohai and Yellow sea, through the Bohai Strait and provide valuable reference for the study of other similar environments worldwide.
Efficiency and Survivability of a Floating Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Converter Moored to the Seabed: An Overview of the EsflOWC MaRINET2 Database
Authors: Kisacik Dogan , Stratigaki Vasiliki , Wu Minghao , Cappietti Lorenzo , Simonetti Irene , Troch Peter , Crespo Alejandro , Altomare Corrado , Domínguez José , Hall Matthew , Gómez-Gesteira Moncho , Canelas Ricardo Birjukovs , Stansby Peter
Published: April 2020

Floating oscillating water column (OWC) type wave energy converters (WECs), compared to fixed OWC WECs that are installed near the coastline, can be more effective as they are subject to offshore waves before the occurrence of wave dissipation at a nearshore location. The performance of floating OWC WECs has been widely studied using both numerical and experimental methods. However, due to the complexity of fluid–structure interaction of floating OWC WECs, most of the available studies focus on 2D problems with WEC models of limited degrees-of-freedom (DOF) of motion, while 3D mooring effects and multiple-DOF OWC WECs have not been extensively investigated yet under 2D and 3D wave conditions. Therefore, in order to gain a deeper insight into these problems, the present study focuses on wave flume experiments to investigate the motion and mooring performance of a scaled floating OWC WEC model under 2D wave conditions. As a preparatory phase for the present MaRINET2 EsflOWC (efficiency and survivability of floating OWC) project completed at the end of 2017, experiments were also carried out in advance in the large wave flume of Ghent University. The following data were obtained during these experimental campaigns: multiple-DOF OWC WEC motions, mooring line tensions, free surface elevations throughout the wave flume, close to and inside the OWC WEC, change in the air pressure inside the OWC WEC chamber and velocity of the airflow through the vent on top of the model. The tested wave conditions mostly include nonlinear intermediate regular waves. The data obtained at the wave flume of Ghent University, together with the data from the EsflOWC tests at the wave flume of LABIMA, University of Florence, provide a database for numerical validation of research on floating OWC WECs and floating OWC WEC farms or arrays used by researchers worldwide.
Water Network Partitioning into District Metered Areas: A State-Of-The-Art Review
Authors: Khoa Bui Xuan , S. Marlim Malvin , Kang Doosun
Published: April 2020

A water distribution network (WDN) is an indispensable element of civil infrastructure that provides fresh water for domestic use, industrial development, and fire-fighting. However, in a large and complex network, operation and management (O&M) can be challenging. As a technical initiative to improve O&M efficiency, the paradigm of “divide and conquer” can divide an original WDN into multiple subnetworks. Each subnetwork is controlled by boundary pipes installed with gate valves or flow meters that control the water volume entering and leaving what are known as district metered areas (DMAs). Many approaches to creating DMAs are formulated as two-phase procedures, clustering and sectorizing, and are called water network partitioning (WNP) in general. To assess the benefits and drawbacks of DMAs in a WDN, we provide a comprehensive review of various state-of-the-art approaches, which can be broadly classified as: (1) Clustering algorithms, which focus on defining the optimal configuration of DMAs; and (2) sectorization procedures, which physically decompose the network by selecting pipes for installing flow meters or gate valves. We also provide an overview of emerging problems that need to be studied.
Holocene Evolution of the Burano Paleo-Lagoon (Southern Tuscany, Italy)
Authors: D’Orefice Maurizio , Bellotti Piero , Bertini Adele , Calderoni Gilberto , Censi Neri Paolo , Di Bella Letizia , Fiorenza Domenico , Foresi Luca Maria , Louvari Markella Asimina , Rainone Letizia , Vittori Cécile , Goiran Jean-Philippe , Schmitt Laurent , Carbonel Pierre , Preusser Frank , Oberlin Christine , Sangiorgi Francesca , Davoli Lina
Published: April 2020

The study of Burano paleo-lagoon—Wetland of International Value, has allowed us to better define and extend the reconstruction of the Holocene paleoenvironmental evolution of the paleo-lagoons previously studied, located on the Tyrrhenian coast in central Italy. The investigated area is located in Southern Tuscany near the Burano Lake. The area was investigated by means of field surveys, historical maps, 16 coring, sedimentological, palynological and microfaunal analyses (foraminifera and ostracods), combined with robust geochronological control provided by 52 datings (14C and OSL). The study allowed us to reconstruct the environmental and morphological evolution of the Burano paleo-lagoon during the last 8000 years and to hypothesize a Rise Sea Level (RSL) curve. In this context, 5 main evolutionary phases have been recognized. (1) before 7.5 ka BP in the southern-eastern part, an open lagoon developed; (2) ~6 ka BP a barrier-lagoon system develops throughout the entire area and the lagoon progressively changed from open to closed one; (3) ~5 ka BP the width of the lagoon increases and a lacustrine facies appears along the entire axis of the coastal basin; (4) ~4 ka BP the lacustrine facies shows a discontinuous distribution respect to the previous phase; (5) during the last 4 ka the lacustrine facies disappear and the lagoon turns into a wetland area.
A Perforated Baffle Design to Improve Mixing in Contact Tanks
Authors: Nasyrlayev Nazhmiddin , Kizilaslan M. Anil , Kurumus A. Tolga , Demirel Ender , Aral Mustafa M.
Published: April 2020

In this study, a perforated baffle design is proposed to improve mixing in contact tanks. Turbulent flow through the perforated baffle is studied at the perforation hole scale. The contribution of jets emerging from the perforations to the mixing process is evaluated in terms of standard mixing indexes for various perforation parameters, such as the solidity ratio and hole diameter. Based on numerical simulation results, the two sets of perforated baffles that yielded the highest performance were manufactured from polycarbonate and tracer studies were conducted on a laboratory model. Comparison of numerical and experimental results demonstrates that the numerical model developed is reliable in simulating the flow through the perforated baffles and the associated mixing level in the contact tank. Numerical simulations indicate that the jet flow structure through the perforated baffle penetrates to the recirculation zones in the neighboring chambers and turns the dead zones into active mixing zones. Furthermore, large scale turbulent eddies shed by the perforations contribute to the mixing process in the chambers of the tank. With the use of the perforated baffle design, it is shown that the hydraulic efficiency of the tank can be improved from average to superior according to the baffling factor, and the associated mixing in the proposed design can be improved by 31% according to the Morrill index.
Monitoring the results of enamel demineralization treatment with the caries infiltration method (according to laser fluorescence value)
Authors: Krivtsova D. A. , Maslak E. E.
Published: April 2020

Relevance. In the actual dentistry a special place takes opportune diagnosis of early stages of dental caries and effective non-surgical treatment. In the recent times new approaches, technologies and methods for diagnosing focal demineralization of tooth enamel have been developed, among which the laser fluorescence method is widely used.

Purpose. To study the results of local enamel demineralization treatment with the caries infiltration method according to laser fluorescence value.

Materials and methods. The method of caries infiltration was applied in 99 permanent teeth with local enamel demineralization in 15 children aged 10-16 years. Laser fluorescence method was used for enamel demineralization assessment before and immediately after the treatment, after 6, 12 and 18 months. Three study groups were formed according to laser fluorescence value before the treatment: the first one – values 14-20 (initial enamel demineralization), the second one – values 21-29 (deep enamel demineralization), the third one – values ≥ 30 (enamel and dentine demineralization). Proportions (%), mean-values and standard errors (M±m) were calculated, significance (p) of differences was assessed according to Students’ criteria (t) at p < 0.05. 

Results. During 18 months after caries infiltration caries cavities forming were not revealed. The mean-values of laser fluorescence were in the first group before the treatment 17.38 ± 0.27, after the treatment 5.00±0.82, after 18 months – 4.82 ± 0.79; in the second group 25.42 ± 0.38, 15.25 ± 0.78 and 13.96 ± 0.75, in the third group 33.08 ± 0.69, 22.54 ± 1.39 and 20.77 ± 1.44 respectively. The differences between the values before and after the treatment were significant statistically (p < 0,001) in all groups. After 18 months the laser fluorescence values corresponding to healthy enamel were revealed in 94.1% cases in the first group, in 50.0% cases in the second group, and in 7.7% cases in the third group.

Conclusions. Local enamel demineralization treatment of permanent teeth in children with the caries infiltration method prevented caries cavity forming. Monitoring laser fluorescence values revealed that the results of the treatment with the caries infiltration method depended on the depth of dental hard tissue demineralization.
Use of the ozonation method in treating dentin caries in children’s permanent teeth
Authors: Shevchenko M. A. , Kiselnikova L. P. , Petrova O. I.
Published: April 2020

Relevance. Permanent teeth carious involvement starts from their eruption in children aged 5-6 years. Hard tissues mineralization in permanent teeth lasts long. Nowadays, efficacy of combined applying calcium containing drugs and the ozonation method while treating permanent teeth caries in children with incompleted processes of dental hard tissues mineralization has not been revealed.

Purpose. Increasing effectiveness of dentin caries treatment of children's permanent teeth with incompleted mineralization processes in dental hard tissues.

Materials and methods. There were carried out clinical and laboratory examinations and treatment of 41 children (aged 6-14). They had dentin caries in permanent teeth with incompleted mineralization processes in hard tissues .In 2 groups studied carious cavities were treated mechanically and medically and afterwards the dentin density measurement was made by the method of fluorecent analysis using DIAGNOdent apparatus. The mineralization degree of clinically intact dentin having been determined, in Group 1 Dycal paste and a hermetic temporary filling of glass ionomer cement were placed onto the floor of carious cavities. In Group 2 carious cavities were treated mechanically and medically and then ozonized during 30 seconds with Kavo - HealOzone apparatus followed by application of Dycal paste onto the floor of carious cavities and temporary filling with glass ionomer cement. Three months later, the temporary filling material and Dycal paste were removed out of the children's teeth in both groups and measuring mineralization degree of the clinically intact dentin was made again.

Results. Dentin mineralization increase in Group 1 showed 33,9% following delayed filling technique. In Group 2 the ozonation method promoted the increase by 54,9%.

Conclusions. Carious cavitiies ozonation before applying calcium containing material favours higher mineralization degree (by 21%).
Periodontopathogens: a new view. Systematic review. Part 1
Authors: Slazhneva E. S. , Tikhomirova E. A. , Atrushkevich V. G.
Published: April 2020

Relevance. The modern view of periodontitis as a dysbiotic disease that occurs as a result of changes in the microbial composition of the subgingival region is considered in a systematic review.

Purpose. To study a new paradigm of development of generalized periodontitis.

Materials and methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTS) were selected for the study, including cluster RCTS, controlled (non-randomized) microbiological and clinical studies of the oral microbiome in adult patients with generalized periodontitis over the past 10 years.

Results. The development of periodontal dysbiosis occurs over a period of time, which slowly turns the symbiotic association of the host and microbe into a pathogenic one. This review examines the current paradigm of periodontitis progression, which calls into question the traditional concept of a disease induced by several particular periodontal pathogens belonging to the red complex.

Conclusions. As follows from modern literature periodontitis is to a certain extent caused by the transition from a harmonious symbiotic bacterial community to a dysbiotic one. Recent scientific studies have shown that not single microorganism is not able to cause disease but the microbial community as a whole leads to the development of pathology.
Assessment of peridontal vessels hemodynamics among patients with diabetes mellitus type 1
Authors: Orekhova L. Yu. , Musaeva R. S. , Loboda E. S. , Grinenko Е. V. , Gulyanov G. Yu.
Published: April 2020

Relevance. Processes of disturbance of regional hemodynamics, tissue blood flow, insufficiency of transcapillary metabolism and antioxidant system caused by dysfunction of periodontal vascular endothelium among patients with diabetes type 1 directly lead to diabetic microangiopathy accompanied by decrease of level of microcirculation and perfusion of periodontal tissues among patients with absolute insulin insufficiency. The reduction of linear and volumetric blood flow rates in periodontal vessels among patients with type 1 diabetes compared to values obtained by ultrasonic dopplerography in healthy patients can be considered as distinctive features of the manifestation of this systemic disease on microcirculation of periodontal tissues.

Purpose. To evaluate the hemodynamics of periodontal vessels among patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and without diabetes before and after conservative periodontal therapy.

Materials and methods. 40 patients at the age 20-30 years were surveyed: 20 patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and 20 patients without diabetes. All subjects underwent dental examination. To study the state of microcirculation of periodontal tissues patients of both groups underwent high-frequency ultrasound Doppler “Minimax-doppler-k”. Further was conducted professional oral hygiene complex with training in rules of individual oral hygiene. Reexamination was scheduled after 4 weeks.

Results. During the conduction have been registered average baseline of the linear (Vam) and volumetric (Qam) blood flow in periodontal vessels in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and without diabetes. Average linear (Vam) and volumetric (Qam) blood flow before the conduction of professional oral hygiene complex were considerably lower compared to patients without diabetes. This points reduction of microcirculation and perfusion of periodontal tissues in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and without diabetes. Reassessment of blood flow in periodontal tissues in 4 weeks after professional oral hygiene revealed an increase in rate of microcirculation in periodontal tissues among patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and without diabetes.

Conclusion. Our study confirms the theory of hemodynamic impairment and local hemostasis in patients with type 1 diabetes, which is reflected in the appearance of trophic disorders of an inflammatory-dystrophic nature and a decrease in hemodynamic parameters. After conservative periodontal therapy, we revealed positive changes in hemodynamics of periodontal vessels, which was recorded using ultrasound dopplerography. Our results will allow us to select the optimal algorithms for the timely diagnosis, prevention and treatment of dental diseases in patients with type 1 diabetes in future.
Avaliação socioambiental de edificações do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida em Juiz de Fora:
Authors: Zambrano Letícia , Neves Yara Coelho
Published: April 2020

A produção habitacional de interesse social realizada no contexto do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (MCMV) na cidade de Juiz de Fora (JF) é muito expressiva no cenário nacional em termos quantitativos, porém, assim como em diversas cidades brasileiras, abre espaço para críticas quanto à forma de inserção urbana, à qualidade arquitetônica, construtiva e urbana. A pesquisa de Iniciação Científica, focada no conjunto Vivendas Belo Vale/JF, demonstrou a rejeição dos moradores ao empreendimento, problemas relacionados à convivência entre vizinhos e à falta de segurança. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados da pesquisa realizada e seus desdobramentos.
Estudo da Formação de Nanofios e do Processo de Memória de Forma em Ligas Metálicas de NiTi
Authors: Monteiro Junior Maxwel Gama , Mendonça João Paulo Almeida de , Sato Fernando
Published: April 2020

Nanoestruturas metálicas são alvo de frequentes estudos devido ao seu potencial, tanto para aplicações em dispositivos tecnológicos miniaturizados, quanto para fins de compreensão básica de suas propriedades, que são por vezes muito distintas daquilo que observamos na escala macroscópica. Nesse contexto, uma classe importante de estrutura são os nanofios, que são definidos ou como um tarugo com décimos de nanômetros, com uma das dimensões maiores do que as demais, ou como uma cadeia linear suspensa (LAC – Linear Atomic Chain), que consiste em uma cadeia de átomos únicos ligados par a par em uma direção. Efeitos devido ao empilhamento da rede cristalina e ganhos em energia de superfície influenciam e alteram a morfologia e a formação de nanofios. Buscamos nesse trabalho estudar computacionalmente, através de simulações numéricas, a formação de nanofios, via processo de alongamento, efetivamente simulando o efeito do puxamento de uma barra nanométrica. Usamos código próprio desenvolvido em linguagem C-CUDA para realizar as simulações. Para ligas metálicas de NiTi, alguns desafios que se apresentam são: a incorporação de condições de contorno, velocidades de puxamento, assim como o fato de que transições de fase ocorrem no material durante a dinâmica, transições essas que caracterizam o chamado efeito de memória de forma que o material apresenta.
Transferência de colônias de vespas sociais (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) em área urbana
Authors: Prezoto Fabio , Detoni Mateus Fajardo de Freitas Salviato , Mayorquin Angie Zuleidi Amezquita
Published: April 2020

As vespas sociais são pouco utilizadas como controladores biológicos, em parte por desconhecimento e má fama, e também por que não se sabe como as espécies reagem à transferência de seus ninhos. Assim, nosso estudo visou a transferência de colônias da vespa Polistes versicolor para uma área urbana, acompanhando sua aceitação e desenvolvimento neste ambiente. Colônias de P. versicolor foram transferidas para abrigos artificiais compostos por potes plásticos fixados a uma haste de madeira. Foi feito um acompanhamento da população através de observação direta, três vezes por semana, durante 14 semanas. Houve 75% de aceitação para os abrigos artificiais, contudo verificou-se estresse da transferência pela perda de adultos e por comportamento de larvifagia nos primeiros dias após a transferência. A partir da segunda semana, os ninhos tiveram um evidente crescimento populacional até a formação de agregados de inverno quase 4 meses depois. Este é o primeiro estudo que registra a transferência bem sucedida de P. baixo custo e com potencial para prover serviços ecológicos e econômicos a longo prazo sem a necessidade de atenção ou manutenção intensa.
Clinical Response and Pattern of B cell Suppression with Single Low Dose Rituximab in Nephrology
Authors: George Jacob , Alex Sunu , Thomas E.T. Arun , Gracious Noble , Vineetha Nalanda S. , Kumar Sajeev
Published: April 2020

Background

There is no consensus regarding dose and frequency of rituximab in nephrology with extrapolation of doses used in treating lymphoproliferative disorders. There are no guidelines on targeting initial and subsequent doses on the basis of CD19+ B cells.

Methods

Initially, 100 mg rituximab was given to 42 adults with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS) and frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (FRNS), idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN), and high-immunologic-risk kidney transplantation. Absolute and percentage levels of CD19 B cells and clinical status were assessed at baseline, days 30, 90, and 180, and at 1 year. Subsequent doses of rituximab were on the basis of CD19 B cell reconstitution and clinical response.

Results

CD19 B cell percentage decreased from 16.3 ± 7.6 to 0.3 ± 0.3 (P≤0.001), 1.9 ± 1.7 (P≤0.001), and 4.0 ± 4.5 (P=0.005) by 30, 90, and 180 days, respectively. Suppression of CD19 B cell count below 1% at days 30, 90, and 180 was seen in 40 of 42 (95.2%), 18 of 42 (42.9%), and 7 of 42 (16.7%) patients, respectively. Of 30 with SDNS and FRNS followed up for 1 year, 29 (96.7%) went into remission at day 30. Remission was sustained in 23 (76.6%) at day 180 and 21 (70%) at 1 year. There was a significant decrease (P<0.001) in the dose of steroids needed to maintain remission at 180 days after rituximab (0.27 ± 0.02 mg/kg to 0.02 ± 0.00 mg/kg). CD19 B cell percentage at 90 days correlated with relapse (P=0.001; odds ratio 1.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.25 to 2.57). Eighteen (60%) required an additional dose. Of five with MN, four achieved remission by 6 months, which was sustained in three by 1 year. Of the seven kidney transplant recipients, two had antibody-mediated rejections, although CD19 B cells were suppressed even at 1 year.

Conclusions

Low-dose rituximab induces sustained depletion of CD19 B cells for up to 90 days. Its role in preventing relapses in SDNS, FRNS, MN, and rejection needs further study.
SAKRAMEN BAPTIS SEBAGAI SAKRMEN KESELAMATAN DAN PERSEKUTUAN PARA MURID KRISTUS
Authors: Wilhelmus Ola Rongan
Published: April 2020

Baptism is a sacrament instituted and used by God Himself through Christ to purify, sanctify and to save human being out of  the power of evil spirit. Baptism celebration maintaining in a proper and faithful manner will be brought about the fullness grace and favor of God to the Catholic faithful. The experiences of the Catholic faithful regarding God’s grace and favor should not be only responded by full faith but also be properly responded by full action to bring it to the entire nations and human races. The Catholic Church as a communion of Christ disciples has been sent and guided by the Holy Spirit to spread out such grace and favor of God to all nations. Pastoral assembly of Surabaya Diocese conducted in 2019 strongly articulated that Baptism is a mean exactly used by God Himself to channel His grace and salvation to the entire human beings. Hence, the Disciples of Christ have to fully respond it by full faith and opened hart.  Christ Himself has sent His disciples to collectively spread out the grace, favor and salvation of God to all over the world.  This good news has to be brought firstly to the inner circle of the Catholic families, neighbours, communities, parishes, and diocese then to the society in general.
LÍNEAS MANTENEDORAS (LÍNEAS B) Y RESTAURADORAS (LÍNEAS R) DE SORGO GRANÍFERO ADAPTADAS A LOS VALLES ALTOS CENTRALES DE MÉXICO
Authors: Mendoza-Onofre Leopoldo E. , Cisneros-López Ma. Eugenia , Galicia-Juárez Marisol , Hernández-Martínez Miguel
Published: April 2020

Los Valles Altos Centrales de México (cerca de 1.5 millones de hectáreas) comprenden áreas agrícolas con altitudes de 1800 a 2300 m. En esta región no existen siembras comerciales de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), pues las variedades e híbridos disponibles no producen grano ya que las bajas temperaturas (entre 5 y 12 ºC) que prevalecen antes de la floración provocan que el polen sea estéril (Livera y Carballo, 1985). Estas temperaturas se presentan incluso en regiones donde se cultiva comercialmente sorgo, lo que favorece la incidencia de cornezuelo (Claviceps africana) (Hernández-Martínez et al., 2002). Los esfuerzos por generar sorgos tolerantes al frío (TF) fructificaron con la liberación de tres variedades de polinización libre por el entonces Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas (Romo y Carballo, 1980), adoptándose como principal criterio agronómico de tolerancia al frío el que las panojas autofecundadas presentaran al menos 90 % de grano. De esas variedades, solamente VA-110 se mantuvo en el mercado por pocos años.
PARIENTES SILVESTRES DEL TOMATE COMO FUENTE DE GERMOPLASMA PARA EL MEJORAMIENTO GENÉTICO DE LA ESPECIE
Authors: Flores-Hernández Luis A. , Lobato-Ortiz Ricardo , García-Zavala J. Jesús , Molina-Galán José D. , Sargerman-Jarquín Dora Ma. , Velasco-Alvarado Mario de J.
Published: April 2020

Debido a la reducida variabilidad genética de los cultivares modernos de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.), sus parientes silvestres son una fuente importante de genes de interés agronómico, como resistencia a factores bióticos y abióticos, base para el mejoramiento genético de la especie cultivada. El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar morfológica y agronómicamente accesiones de especies silvestres de Solanum emparentadas con el tomate cultivado. Se evaluaron 46 accesiones de nueve especies silvestres en un diseño experimental completamente al azar en condiciones de invernadero. Se evaluaron 13 variables cuantitativas y cuatro cualitativas. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las especies para todas las variables y la comparación de medias mostró que estas diferencias están distribuidas en todas las especies. El análisis de conglomerados formó tres grupos claramente diferenciados. Las especies S. ochranthum y S. lycopersicoides fueron las de más alto contenido de sólidos, por lo que son promisorias para su uso en mejoramiento genético para este atributo de calidad.
RESPUESTA DEL TOMATE A TIPOS DE ACOLCHADO PLÁSTICO Y NIVELES DE RIEGO CON CINTA
Authors: Inzunza-Ibarra Marco A. , Catalán-Valencia Ernesto A. , Villa-Castorena Magdalena , López-López Rutilo , Sifuentes-Ibarra Ernesto
Published: April 2020

El tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) es la hortaliza más popular en el mundo y en México. El estudio se realizó en el CENID-RASPA, INIFAP, en Gómez Palacio, Durango. El objetivo fue obtener la respuesta del cultivo del tomate al uso de distintos colores de cubierta plástica, criterios de riego y diferentes posiciones de cinta en el suelo. Se evaluó el rendimiento de fruto y la eficiencia de uso de agua (EUA) para el tomate variedad Yaqui. Se evaluaron 12 tratamientos provenientes del factorial combinatorio 3×2×2, distribuidos en un diseño experimental completamente al azar. El primer factor, tipo de acolchado, se ensayó con tres niveles: negro, plata y sin acolchar, el segundo factor consistió de dos criterios de aplicación de agua, regar a 90 y a 100 % de la evapotranspiración de referencia (ETo), y el tercer factor fue la profundidad de instalación de la cinta para riego, con dos niveles: a 25 cm y en la superficie del suelo. Los valores más altos de rendimiento de fruto, se mostraron en los tratamientos con acolchados y fueron superiores en 69.5 %, con respecto al tratamiento sin acolchar. El factor nivel de riego a 90 % de ETo (45 cm) fue significativamente superior en 14.6 % de rendimiento de fruto, en comparación al obtenido con el 100 % de ETo (51 cm). En cambio, el rendimiento de fruto no fue estadísticamente diferente para la colocación de la cinta. En forma similar, para la variable eficiencia de uso de agua (EUA) se obtuvo un promedio de 7.03 kg m-3 con el uso del acolchado con películas plásticas y representó 70.2 %, significativamente superior a la eficiencia obtenida con los tratamientos sin acolchar de 4.13 kg m-3. Asimismo, para el factor criterio de riego, la eficiencia de uso del agua del tomate, se incrementó en forma significativa 26.7 % al irrigarse con el criterio de riego más seco (90 % ETo), comparado con la EUA de 5.35 kg m-3 obtenido al irrigar con 100 % de la ETo.
RESISTENCIA A Phytophthora capsici LEO. EN LÍNEAS DE CHILE HUACLE (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Palma-Martínez Eduardo , Aguilar-Rincón V. Heber , Corona-Torres Tarsicio , Gómez-Rodríguez Olga
Published: April 2020

Entre las enfermedades importantes del cultivo de chile (Capsicum annuum L. ) se encuentra la “marchitez” (Phytophthora capsici L.). Como en otras enfermedades, la resistencia genética es una estrategia importante para su control. Una de las fuentes donde se pueden encontrar genes de resistencia son los materiales criollos. En evaluaciones previas se han encontrado colectas de chile Huacle con resistencia a dicho patógeno. En el presente estudio se determinó la herencia de la resistencia a P. capsici de las líneas de chile tipo Huacle 33.3, 34.1 y 35.3. Se generaron poblaciones F2 de las cruzas de las tres líneas con la variedad susceptible NuMex Joe E. Parker. La determinación de similitud entre los genes de resistencia de las líneas 33.3 y 35.3 se hizo mediante las cruzas directa y recíproca entre ellas y se generaron poblaciones F2. Las poblaciones F2 se inocularon con aislados de P. capsici, que en evaluaciones previas se comportaron como avirulentas a las tres líneas progenitoras tipo Huacle y virulentas a la variedad susceptible. Las plántulas segregantes en F2 fueron clasificadas en resistentes y susceptibles de acuerdo con una escala de severidad de 1 a 7, y se analizaron con una prueba de Ji-cuadrada para determinar el número de genes de resistencia presentes en cada línea. Las líneas 33.3 y 35.3 mostraron una segregación 3:1 de plantas resistentes y susceptibles, lo que indica la presencia de un gen distinto en cada una de ellas, resultado que se confirmó con la segregación 15:1 obtenida en las poblaciones F2 de las cruzas entre estas líneas. La línea 34.1 presentó dos genes de resistencia dominantes, debido a la segregación 15:1 en la población F2 entre plantas resistentes y susceptibles.
CULTIVO DE SETAS ECTOMICORRIZAS COMESTIBLES EN JAPÓN
Authors: Yamada Akiyoshi , Furukawa Hitoshi , Yamanaka Takashi
Published: April 2020

Japón es un país micofílico en donde se consumen centenares de especies de hongos comestibles silvestres, incluyendo especies ectomicorrízicas. A nivel mundial, el cultivo de los hongos comestibles ectomicorrízicos representa un reto de gran relevancia económica, ecológica y cultural. En el presente trabajo se presenta una revisión de los avances del cultivo de los hongos comestibles ectomicorrízicos desarrollados en Japón. Los mayores logros se han tenido en algunas especies de shimeji (Lyophyllum spp.), del matsutake (Tricholoma matsutake) y del hongo hipogeo denominado shoro (Rhizopogon roseolus). Además se han logrado algunos avances en especies de los géneros Astraeus, Cantharellus, Sarcodon, Suillus y Tuber. Algunas de estas últimas especies han recibido solo interés en Japón, porque poseen valor culinario exclusivamente en Asia oriental. El cultivo de L. shimeji, un hongo altamente valorado en la cultura japonesa ha sido posible en ausencia de plantas hospederas. El cultivo de matsutake, un hongo icónico de la cultura japonesa, ha recibido una gran atención debido a la dramática declinación de su producción natural en los bosques de Pinus densiflora a partir de la década de 1940 a la fecha en Japón. Los estudios han sido desarrollados tanto en condiciones de laboratorio, invernadero y campo y se han centrado en la aplicación de técnicas de manejo forestal, del establecimiento de plantaciones de árboles micorrizados y de la inoculación de árboles con micelio y con esporas. La clave para el cultivo exitoso de dichos hongos requiere de una mejor comprensión de los mecanismos fisiológicos, ecológicos, bioquímicos y genéticos involucrados en la relación simbiótica entre árboles y hongos, así como en el entendimiento de los factores bióticos y abióticos involucrados en la formación de basidiomas en condiciones de campo. Los avances metodológicos en estas áreas podrán permitir el establecimiento exitoso de plantaciones comerciales inoculadas con hongos nativos de Japón. Uno de los principales retos es la enorme diversidad nativa de especies de hongos ectomicorrízicos que existen de manera natural en dicho país, lo cual representa un factor de competencia para el éxito de plantaciones destinadas a producir hongos específicos. Sin embargo, dado el gran interés que existe en el país, esta área de investigación luce prometedora en las próximas décadas.
TYPE OF LIGHT AND FORMATION OF BASIDIOMATA OF TWO SPECIES OF EDIBLE ECTOMYCORRHIZAL MUSHROOMS ASSOCIATED WITH NEO-TROPICAL PINES AND THE DESCRIPTION OF BASIDIOMATA DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Villegas-Olivera Juan-Alfonso , Pérez-Moreno Jesús , Mata Gerardo , Almaraz-Suárez Juan-José , Ojeda-Trejo Enrique , Espinosa-Hernández Vicente
Published: April 2020

Ectomycorrhiza is a mutualistic symbiosis of paramount importance in the functioning of forest ecosystems. Therefore, inoculation with ectomycorrhizal fungi, particularly edible species, has gained enormous relevance in the production of forest trees with economic importance. However, due to technical difficulties for the cultivation of ectomycorrhizal basidiomata associated with their host trees, factors influencing basidiomata formation have not been fully understood. This study evaluated the effect of two light wavelengths on the production of basidiomata of two edible ectomycorrhizal mushroom species (Hebeloma leucosarx and Laccaria bicolor) associated with two neo-tropical trees, Pinus montezumae and Pinus greggii. The two fungal species evaluated are widely used as food and sold in traditional markets in México. In general, the type of light differentially influenced the basidioma formation of these fungi in association with host seedlings in greenhouse during six years. Increased basidioma formation of H. leucosarx was observed associated with trees growing in pots covered with yellow filters with a wavelength of ~590 nm compared with those covered with red filters with a wavelength of ~660 nm. Meanwhile, the opposite trend was observed in basidiomata of L. bicolor. The host tree species influenced the formation of basidiomata. Hebeloma leucosarx produced more basidiomata in association with P. montezumae than with P. greggii. In addition, a description of basidiomata formation from very young stages previous to senescence is provided for both mycobionts. To our knowledge, this is the first record of the effect of light wavelengths on the production of basidiomata of edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms, demonstrating that this phenomenon is more complex than previously believed.
BEBIDA FUNCIONAL CON POTENCIAL ANTIDIABÉTICO Y ANTIHIPERTENSIVO ELABORADA CON MAÍZ AZUL Y FRIJOL NEGRO BIOPROCESADOS
Authors: Milán-Carrillo Jorge , Gutiérrez-Dorado Roberto , Cuevas-Rodríguez Edith O. , Sánchez-Magaña Luis M. , Rochín-Medina Jesús J. , Reyes-Moreno Cuauhtémoc
Published: April 2020

México, centro de origen y domesticación del maíz (Zea mays L.), cuenta con la mayor diversidad de esta especie en el mundo, con aproximadamente 59 razas. Los maíces azules, ricos en antocianinas, pueden ser considerados como nutracéuticos debido al efecto preventivo de estos pigmentos contra el estrés oxidativo, enfermedades crónico-degenerativas y cáncer. De la misma manera, México es reconocido como centro de origen y diversidad de alrededor de 70 especies del género Phaseolus, de las cuales destaca por su importancia económica, social, alimenticia y cultural el frijol común (P. vulgaris L.). El frijol es una fuente buena de proteínas, es rico en fibra soluble y ácidos grasos poliinsaturados; además, contiene compuestos fenólicos con actividad antioxidante. El objetivo de esta investigación fue desarrollar una bebida funcional, con valor nutricional y potencial antihipertensivo y antidiabético alto, a partir de una mezcla 60:40 de harinas de granos integrales de maíz azul y frijol negro bioprocesadas en condiciones óptimas de fermentación en estado sólido (FES). Para la producción de harinas de maíz azul y frijol negro bioprocesados optimizadas (HMABO, HFNBO) se aplicaron temperaturas/tiempos de fermentación de 37 ºC/90 h y de 38 ºC/100 h, respectivamente; estas condiciones se optimizaron en estudios previos maximizando actividad antioxidante (AAox) y compuestos fenólicos totales (CFT). El bioproceso de la FES incrementó AAox (36.8 a 75.6 %), CFT (85 a 127 %) y potencial antihipertensivo y antidiabético de maíz azul y frijol negro. Una porción de 200 mL de bebida funcional, preparada con 25 g mezcla (60 % HMABO + 40 % HFNBO), cubre 34.2 % y 23.4 % de requerimientos diarios de proteína para niños de 1 a 3 y de 4 a 8 años, respectivamente, y de 90 a 150 % del consumo diario recomendado de antioxidantes. Por su valor nutricional y potencial antihipertensivo y antidiabético, esta bebida funcional puede ser empleada para promover la salud y como alternativa a bebidas de contenido calórico alto y valor nutricional bajo.
NUCLEAR DNA CONTENT AND PLOIDY LEVEL IN APOMICTIC BUFFELGRASS GENOTYPES
Authors: Carloni-Jarrys Edgardo J. , Acosta-Bragato Ma. Cristina , Grunberg-Fraga Karina
Published: April 2020

Buffelgrass [Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link syn. Cenchrus ciliaris L.] is a polyploid fodder grass that reproduces mostly via apomixis. The wide genomic and cytological diversity present in the species indicates that the active field collection at Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV) of the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) might contain individuals with different ploidy levels. This researche aimed to determine nuclear DNA content and ploidy level of introduced apomictic germplasm of buffelgrass. Cytological studies showed different ploidy levels in the germplasm. Genetic resources include tetraploid (2n = 4x = 36) and aneuploid (2n = 43 and 44) individuals. The 10 materials that exhibited 2C values ranging between 3.04 and 3.17 pg were tetraploid cytotypes. The values of the four aneuploid individuals with 43 chromosomes ranged between 3.83 and 3.86 pg, whereas aneuploid individual with 44 chromosomes had a 2C value of 3.94 pg. Number of chromosomes and nuclear DNA content were correlated. In addition, a model equation was obtained to estimate DNA ploidy value in buffelgrass genotypes.
Paternidades corresponsables e igualdad entre mujeres y hombres
Authors: Vélez Bautista Graciela
Published: April 2020

En el presente texto se plantea el objetivo de reflexionar sobre las formas de paternidad actuales en medio de un contexto de cambios y transformaciones sociales, familiares y laborales; tanto de los hombres como de las mujeres en el caso de esta últimas, los referidos a sus identidades puesto que muchas de ellas ya se han reconocido en el mundo público, en los ámbitos profesional, laboral, empresarial, científico y político entre otros. Así como de las reacciones por las que pasan los varones ante dichos cambios de las mujeres. En muchos de ellos se ha provocado desorientación y crisis en cuanto a entender su masculinidad, lo cual plantea cuestiones que exigen respuesta ¿Qué es ser hombre? ¿Cómo ser padre? Para explicar estas cuestiones se inicia con referencias hacia la construcción de lo masculino como género, enseguida se establece el vínculo entre masculinidades y paternidades, y se realizan sugerencias sobre nuevas formas de paternidad y masculinidad para contribuir al cambio social con igualdad de oportunidades para mujeres y hombres y contribuir a la construcción de una sociedad más igualitaria e inclusiva.