bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MORFOMÉTRIA DE FRUTOS E SEMENTES E EMERGÊNCIA DE PLÂNTULAS DE Sorocea guilleminiana Gaudich. MORACEAE
Authors: Santos Ednéia Araújo dos , Pinheiro Romário de Mesquita , Ferreira Evandro José Linhares
Published: July 2023

Devido à grande diversidade de plantas na Amazônia, os estudos para preservação e propagação de muitas espécies ainda são incipientes e por isso a sua caracterização pode corroborar na preservação e evitar processos de extinção. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar as estimativas morfométricas dos racemos, frutos e sementes, e as características da emergência das plântulas de Sorocea guilleminiana Gaudich., uma espécie florestal nativa. Os frutos apresentaram peso, comprimento e diâmetro médios de 0,787 g, 10,62 mm e 9,78 mm, respectivamente. O peso, comprimento, largura e espessura média das sementes foram de 0,271 g, 8,19 mm, 7,62 mm e 5,69 mm. A maior correlação das características biométricas foi entre o peso e a polpa do fruto (r = 0,9185). O percentual de água das sementes foi de 45,64%. A emergência iniciou 26 dias após a semeadura e se estendeu por mais 53 dias. A velocidade de germinação foi 0,03, o tempo médio de emergência foi de 34 dias e o percentual médio de emergência 27%. Os parâmetros biométricos apontaram que grandes racemos têm quantidades elevadas de frutos e, consequentemente, mais polpa. A semente representa menos da metade da massa do fruto. A emergência é lenta e irregular e apresentou baixo percentual de plântulas emergidas.
GRADIENTES DE UMIDADE E SUAS IMPLICAÇÕES NAS TENSÕES DE SECAGEM, QUANTIDADE E DIMENSÕES DE RACHADURAS NA MADEIRA DE Eucalyptus tereticornis AOS 15 ANOS
Authors: Talgatti Maiara , Silveira Amanda Grassmann da , Baldin Talita , Oliveira Laura Hoffmann de , Santini Elio José
Published: July 2023

O gradiente de umidade, que corresponde à diferença de umidade entre o centro e a periferia da peça de madeira, desempenha papel importante no desenvolvimento de tensões que causam defeitos como rachaduras, encruamento e empenamentos. Cuidados para reduzir essa diferença no decorrer e no final do processo de secagem são procedimentos importantes para que a qualidade da madeira não seja comprometida. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do gradiente de umidade no desenvolvimento de tensões resultantes da secagem da madeira de Eucalyptus tereticornis conduzida em estufa convencional. Para isso, tábuas de 40 x 10 x 70 mm foram submetidas à secagem nas temperaturas de 45, 60 e 75oC, desde verde até o teor de umidade de 12%. No final da secagem foi avaliado a qualidade do material, por meio do gradiente de umidade, tensões de secagem e defeitos. A temperatura de 75ºC proporcionou menor tempo de secagem, porém, maiores gradientes de umidade, maiores tensões e menor qualidade da madeira ao final da secagem. As temperaturas de 60º e 40ºC apresentaram grande diferença no tempo de secagem, porém gradientes de umidade muito semelhantes e qualidade do material final também. Pode-se então, sugerir que seja utilizada a temperatura de 60ºC para a secagem da madeira de Eucalyptus tereticornis com ganho de tempo e qualidade muito próxima da proporcionada por baixas temperaturas.
A GESTÃO DO CONHECIMENTO EM INSTITUIÇÕES DE PESQUISA DO SISTEMA AMBIENTAL PAULISTA: QUANDO FALTA A INFORMAÇÃO
Authors: Rodrigues Elaine Aparecida , Lima Leni Meire Pereira Ribeiro , Gonçalves Aldo José
Published: July 2023

A gestão do conhecimento em Instituições de Pesquisa abarca uma ampla área de atuação, que inclui a sua produção, a disponibilização dessas investigações e a interação de seus pesquisadores e suas instituições com a sociedade. No território paulista, os 19 Institutos de Pesquisa - IP do governo do Estado, constituem uma comunidade científca com 1.808 Pesquisadores Científcos - PqC, abrangidos pela Lei Complementar nº 125/1975, que também instituiu a Comissão Permanente de Tempo Integral - CPRTI. Para avaliar a produção científca dessa comunidade e divulgar as informações das atividades desenvolvidas, a CPRTI utiliza a Plataforma “Portal do Pesquisador Científco”. A partir de uma análise histórica da institucionalização da ciência no Brasil e no estado de São Paulo, este estudo apresenta a trajetória da pesquisa e da constituição dos Institutos de Pesquisa paulistas. Para os três Institutos de Pesquisa vinculados ao Sistema Ambiental Paulista (Instituto de Botânica, Instituto Florestal e Instituto Geológico), foi avaliado o Portal do Pesquisador Científco do Estado de São Paulo enquanto plataforma para comunicação e gerenciamento do capital intelectual dos seus pesquisadores.
REGISTROS DE JAVALIS EUROPEUS (Sus scrofa LINNAEUS, 1758) NO ENTORNO DO PARQUE ESTADUAL DE VASSUNUNGA, ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO, BRASIL
Authors: Sabatini Vera , Dickfeldt Ernesto Pedro , Souza Evangelista Sonia Aparecida de , Oliveira Paulo Roberto de
Published: July 2023

O javali europeu (Sus scrofa) está entre as 100 piores espécies exóticas invasoras do mundo, tendo facilidade de adaptação a novos hábitats, provocando impactos negativos ao meio ambiente e danifcando culturas agrícolas. As ocorrências em vida livre, juntamente com os variados graus de cruzamento com o porco doméstico, vêm crescendo na zona rural do Brasil, sendo constatadas dentro de algumas Unidades de Conservação. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar as primeiras observações da presença de javalis no entorno dos seis fragmentos que formam o Parque Estadual de Vassununga, unidade de conservação de proteção integral. Em 2016, os aceiros foram percorridos totalizando 120 km. Todas as constatações da presença de javalis nos aceiros foram de forma indireta. Pegadas de animais adultos solitários ou de grupos contendo flhotes foram encontradas em 13 locais no entorno de três fragmentos. Entretanto, a primeira constatação de javali no Parque foi em 2014 quando um macho adulto foi atropelado na rodovia Anhanguera entre dois fragmentos. De acordo com alguns proprietários de fazendas vizinhas ao Parque, os javalis costumam destruir suas culturas de mandioca, milho e frutas. Para que medidas de controle efetivo dessa espécie possam ser viabilizadas dentro do Parque de Vassununga, é necessário, em caráter urgente, um levantamento sistemático da distribuição espacial da população de javalis nos fragmentos de mata inseridos na zona de amortecimento desta Unidade de Conservação.
ANATOMICAL RADIAL VARIATION AND DENSITY IN WOOD OF RUBBER TREE [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Muell. Arg.] CLONES
Authors: Amorim Erick Phelipe , Longui Eduardo Luiz , Faria Rubens Francisco Pereira de , Freitas Miguel Luiz Menezes , Moraes Marcela Aparecida de , Cambuim José , Moraes Mario Luiz Teixeira de , Gonçalves Paulo de Souza
Published: July 2023

The anatomical structure and physical properties of wood change signifcantly among trees of the same species and even among different parts of the same tree. However, studies that characterize radial variation of anatomical characteristics and wood density among clones are scarce, specifcally for the rubber tree [Hevea brasiliensis (Will. ex Adr. De Juss.) Muell]. Thus, the objective of the research was evaluating the anatomical radial variation and density in wood of Hevea brasiliensis clones. For this study, 30 trees, three of each progeny from 10 clones were used. For most clones, we noticed an increase in fber length and vessel diameter towards the bark. For vessel frequency, ray height, width and frequency, we observed a decrease towards the bark. Fiber wall thickness was the most distinctive anatomical characteristic, compared to the others, presenting a trend of thicker walls in the middle position, consequently infuencing basic density clones.
USO DE LODO DE ESGOTO COMPOSTADO E DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE ÁGUA PARA A PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE Erythrina speciosa Andrews
Authors: Olher Izabella , Lobo Thomaz Figueiredo , Siqueira Marcos Vinicius Bohrer Monteiro
Published: July 2023

O lodo de esgoto é um resíduo rico em matéria orgânica e nutrientes que pode ser incinerado ou depositado em aterros sanitários. Quando compostado, o lodo pode ser utilizado como substrato para a produção de mudas em viveiros. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento do mulungu (Erythrina speciosa), em relação ao uso de lodo de esgoto compostado (LEC), substrato comercial (SC) e diferentes lâminas de irrigação (L1, L2 e L3). Avaliou-se a altura, diâmetro do coleto e número de folhas bem como a produção de matéria seca. Para os parâmetros morfométricos analisados, altura e diâmetro do coleto, os maiores valores foram de plântulas que receberam 100% e 75% de LEC com L1. Para a produção de mudas de E. speciosa, é indicada a utilização da combinação de 75% de LEC e 25% de SC, podendo assim reduzir os custos de viveiro e o aproveitamento de um resíduo.
TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF ASSIS’ STATE FOREST: A CERRADO REMNANT IN THE STATE OF SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL
Authors: Prist Paula Ribeiro , Cirino Douglas William , Lupinetti Artur , Meiga Ana Yoko Ykeuti , Albereci Vinicius , Calaboni Adriana , Magioli Marcelo , Medalogo Cesar , Pagotto Thais , Giacon Osnir , Abra Fernanda Delborgo , Ferraz Katia Maria Paschoaletto Micchi de Barros
Published: July 2023

In the current scenario of environmental changes, anthropic pressures on biodiversity are in constant increase, stressing the importance of assessing the distribution and occurrence of organisms in natural regions, especially in protected areas. Here we surveyed the terrestrial vertebrate fauna of Assis State Forest and updated the existing species list. Reptiles were sampled using pitfall traps and active search, birds by transects and listening points, while terrestrial mammals were sampled using camera traps, linear transect census, active search, pitfall and live traps. Four samplings were conducted, totaling 28 days of sampling effort. We recorded a total richness of 230 terrestrial vertebrate species: 21 amphibians, 17 reptiles, 164 birds, 23 medium and large-sized mammals and 25 small mammals. Of these, seven species are considered endangered at the state and / or federal level. Our results led to the inclusion of 78 bird species and six medium- and large-sized mammals to the species list of ASF’s Management Plan, in addition to three new species of herpetofauna that were not reported by other fauna surveys carried out in the region. Our data shows that the area is highly diverse, with some differences in species composition between sampled phytophysiognomies. These data can also be used to update the management plan for the area, as well as for the zoning of the unit.
PAINÉIS AGLOMERADOS DE BAIXA DENSIDADE PARA ISOLAMENTO TÉRMICO PRODUZIDOS COM RESÍDUO DE MARCENARIA
Authors: Alexandre Bárbara Carvalho , Castro Vinicius Gomes de
Published: July 2023

O uso de painéis isolantes é necessário para redução de consumo energético em construções civis. Geralmente esses painéis são feitos de materiais inorgânicos ou a base de petróleo, mas quando feito de aglomerados de baixa densidade agregam valor ambiental por serem atóxicos, sustentáveis e biodegradáveis. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o uso de resíduos madeireiros de marcenarias da região Nordeste do Brasil na fabricação de painéis prensados manualmente como materiais isolantes. Foram produzidos aglomerados com partículas de Manilkara sp. (maçaranduba) e com uma mistura de três espécies da Caatinga (Aspidosperma pyrifolium, Mimosa caesalpiniifolia e Cordia oncocalyx) utilizando o adesivo PVA. Os tratamentos obtiveram resultados estatisticamente iguais com exceção da propriedade de inchamento em espessura, em que os painéis de madeira nativa da Caatinga foram mais estáveis do que o de Manilkara sp. Os painéis foram classificados como de baixa densidade, com valores médios abaixo de 400 kg.m-3 , e isolantes, com condutividade térmica inferior a 0,20 W.m-1 . oC -1 . Embora os painéis tenham apresentado altos valores de inchamento em espessura e absorção de água e valores reduzidos nas propriedades mecânicas, isso não limita seu potencial como isolante térmico e pode vir a ser aprimorado com o uso de outro adesivo com maior resistência à umidade
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE ÁREAS PARA RESTAURAÇÃO FLORESTAL VISANDO A PREVENÇÃO DE DESASTRES NATURAIS EM SÃO LUIZ DO PARAITINGA, SÃO PAULO, BRASIL
Authors: Santos Ewerton Danilo Souza , Gallo Junior Humberto , Pinheiro Helena Saraiva Koenow
Published: July 2023

O aumento dos casos de inundações e movimentos de massa associados à presença humana expõe a necessidade de compreender os fatores condicionantes e intensificadores dessas ocorrências, além da atuação preventiva. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar áreas para a restauração florestal no município de São Luiz do Paraitinga-SP (Brasil), visando a redução de desastres naturais e preservação ambiental em nível local. Para tal, a etodologia adotada envolveu os seguintes procedimentos: levantamento bibliográfico e de dados sobre a área de interesse; identificação das vulnerabilidades e riscos socioambientais presentes no município; análise de correlação entre áreas suscetíveis a inundação e deslizamentos de encostas, com uso e ocupação do solo, Áreas de Preservação Permanente e com Unidades de Conservação. Para realizar o processamento dos dados coletados utilizou-se o software ArcGIS v.10. Por meio da análise espacial dos dados adquiridos, constatou-se que aproximadamente 32% das Áreas de Preservação Permanente do município estão localizadas sobre áreas com alta suscetibilidade a escorregamentos. Cerca de 54% desta área é constituída por pastagens, solo exposto e área urbana. Além disso, 8,7% das Áreas de Preservação Permanente situam-se em locais de média e alta suscetibilidade à inundação. Diante dos resultados observados, torna-se evidente a necessidade da implantação de ações de mitigação e de planos de restauração florestal, principalmente nas áreas mais intensamente afetadas pela ação humana, para reduzir os riscos de desastres naturais e melhorar a qualidade de vida e ambiental.
Book review of Meehan, K., N. Mirumachi, A. Loftus, and M. Akhter. 2023. Water: a critical introduction
Authors: Linville David Dean
Published: July 2023

 
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Sheep with Fibrinous Pneumonia
Authors: Galecio Juan Sebastián , Badillo Elena , Escudero Elisa , Corrales Juan Carlos , Yuste María Teresa , Marín Pedro
Published: July 2023

Ovine respiratory complex is a significant cause of death in sheep flocks, where Pasteurella multocida is the most frequent microorganisms isolated from animals with pneumonia. There is an urgent need to refine the use of different antimicrobials to avoid the problem of antimicrobial resistance and optimize the control of this disease in ovine livestock. The first step in approaching this problem is gaining an insight into the antimicrobial susceptibility of ovine pathogens. This study evaluated the in vitro activity of tildipirosin, gamithromycin, oxytetracycline, and danofloxacin against Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from sheep with fibrinous pneumonia. The strains were incubated following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standard conditions and also with a modified method by 25% supplementation with sheep serum. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined using the broth microdilution technique. The lowest MIC90 under standard conditions and by supplementation with sheep serum was obtained with tildipirosin. Sheep serum significantly reduced tildipirosin, gamithromycin, and danofloxacin MIC values for Pasteurella multocida strains. In brief, the potency of tildipirosine, gamithromycin, and danofloxacin against Pasteurella multocida increases when sheep serum is added to the culture media.
Use of Parasitological and Molecular Methods in Giardia sp. Detection in Animals Held in Captivity
Authors: Ristanic Marko , Vuckovic Jelena , Dominikovic Nina , Vucicevic Milos , Rajkovic Milan , Bogunovic Danica , Özvegy József
Published: July 2023

Protozoa of the genus Giardia cause the disease giardiosis in a large number of animal species, but also in humans. This disease can be either subclinical or followed by diarrhea, malabsorption, weight loss and stunted growth. The aim of this study was to examine the presence of Giardia sp. in different species of animals in Belgrade Zoo (asymptomatic infection) and to compare the sensitivity of parasitological and molecular-genetic methods. Examination of the presence of Giardia sp. protozoa was performed in 52 fecal samples, using fecal flotation and molecular-genetic PCR method. No positive samples were detected when deploying the parasitological method, while PRC analysis revealed the presence of Giardia sp. in one animal - ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta), which indicates the advantage of the molecular-genetic method over the parasitological one. The absence of Giardia sp. in other samples can be explained by adequate housing conditions, successful implementation of hygienic and sanitary measures, as well as good veterinary practice. Use of PCR method for testing the presence of Giardia sp. showed a higher sensitivity when compared to the fecal flotation method.
The Quality of Life of Allergic Cats, Treated with Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy – A Retrospective Study
Authors: Kotnik Tina , Leder Matic
Published: July 2023

Feline atopic skin syndrome (FASS) describes allergic skin diseases in cats associated with sensitivity to environmental allergens. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) aims to reduce or eliminate symptoms associated with subsequent exposure to the causative allergen. The primary outcome of this study was to determine if the quality of life (QoL) of cats and owners improved as a result of ASIT. The secondary outcome was to determine whether the QoL improved in cats treated with ASIT compared with cats treated symptomatically. Eight cats were included in the ASIT group (AG) and 6 cats in the control group (CG). Validated quality of life questionnaires were retrospectively completed by cat owners for the period before and after treatment. The QoL of cats improved significantly with ASIT. Cats were significantly less lazy, nervous, aggressive, restrained, preened less while sleeping and hid less, were less disturbed by consultations, were more playful and interactive with their environment, and had better appetites than before treatment. Owners felt significantly less physically exhausted and less emotionally distressed compared to before ASIT treatment and their expenses were significantly lower. On the contrary various symptomatic treatments did not significantly improve the quality of life of the cats or their owners in any of the terms. No serious side effects were observed with ASIT. The quality of life of animals suffering from chronic diseases is important as it determines the decisions of owners and veterinarians on the modalities of lifelong treatment. Validated questionnaires are still rarely used in veterinary practice and research.
Evaluation of Health Related Quality of Life in Dogs Treated with Chemotherapy for Lymphoma
Authors: Atanaskova Petrov Elena , Kjosevski Miroslav , Celeska Irena
Published: July 2023

Lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic tumor in dogs. The standard diagnostic approach and staging includes detailed clinical history, physical examination and extended laboratory workup including lymph node cytology. Multidrug chemotherapy is the main treatment of the disease. Often, owners are concerned about the side effects of the treatment and the quality of life of their dog during chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to analyze the health related wellbeing of the patients with lymphoma previous, during and at the end of the chemotherapy. Five patients with multicentric lymphoma were monitored in three phases (beginning, middle and end of chemotherapy). The monitoring included clinical examination, laboratory analyses and a questionnaire for the owner. Results revealed significant improvement (p< 0.1) of the basic red blood cells parameters (RBC, PCV and Hb), platelets (PLT) as well as liver enzymes (ALT, AST) and protein status (total protein and globulin). Regarding the life quality assessed by the owners, dogs' appetite, general health compared to each visit and the current quality of life were significantly improved (p<0.1) and all of the owners were satisfied with the decision for chemotherapy.
A Dilated Pore of Winer in a Young Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus)
Authors: Pérez Estela , Lima-Barbero José Francisco , Pinczowski Pedro , Serra Rodrigo , Asín Javier , Molín Jéssica , Luján Lluís , Pérez Marta
Published: July 2023

A 1.5-year-old male Iberian lynx born in captivity presented with a 2.2 cm exophytic nodular alopecic mass at the left tarsus medial aspect, before being released into the wild. The lesion had keratinised material protruding through a 1.2 cm pore, forming a cutaneous horn. Histopathology revealed a cystic dermo-epidermal lesion lined by psoriasiform hyperplasia of the epithelium, thicker at the base of the cyst, together with abrupt to progressive keratinization and keratin pearls. The central cystic cavity was filled with fibrillary keratin and ghost cells. Immunohistochemistry for pan-cytokeratin showed strong positive immunolabeling in the hyperplastic epithelium and a weaker immunolabeling at the content of the cyst. A final diagnosis of a Dilated Pore of Winer was made. This paper is the first reported case of a DPW in a lynx and a wild felid.
Cytokine storm in SARS-CoV-2 infection and the potential treatments
Authors: Oktiviyari Ade , Hayati Zinatul , Zanaria Tjut Mariam
Published: July 2023

Cytokine storm is one of main features during respiratory distress caused by COVID-19 infection. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is directly linked with elevated number of COVID-19 mortality cases. Extreme amounts of pro-inflammatory cells are found in the lung of dead patients, mainly macrophages and IL-17 cells. A high level of IL-6 was found in the plasma COVID-19 patients and indicated the severity of diseases. Some other chemokines, such as CXCL10, IL6, CCL2, CXCL1, and CXCL5, were upregulated as well as in COVID-19 patients and regulate the disease. In this review, we discuss the feature of cytokine storms and the current treatments used. We found that IL-6 has a significant role in exacerbated patients’ condition, and the suppression of this cytokine most likely benefits the patient. Another treatment with various targets has been proposed and proven as effective as well. Some of them are corticosteroids, anakinra, plasmapheresis, and interferons.
Profile of antibiotic susceptibility test of bacterial pathogens isolated from the hands of university students in Nigeria
Authors: Ihongbe John Cletus , Adeyemo Salter Oluseun Aramide , Enitan Seyi Samson , Dada Michael Olugbamila , Ofem Oluchi Gladys , Joseph Effiong Effiong , Okorochi Chinenye Alaezi , Ogbonna Nwachi Idume
Published: July 2023

The aim of this study was to assess bacterial contaminants isolated from hands of undergraduate students of Babcock University, Nigeria. A total number of 200 students (100 males and 100 females) were randomly recruited and hand swabs were collected and inoculated on MacConkey and chocolate Agar. The biochemical tests were conducted to identify the bacterial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out using the disc diffusion method. Out of the 200 participants examined, bacterial contaminants were recovered from 154 (77.0%). The most frequently isolated organisms were Staphylococcus aureus (32.5%), followed by Escherichia coli (26.6%), coagulase negative Staphylococcus (20.8%) and then Klebsiella pneumoniae(20.1%). The antibiotic sensitivity showed that all coagulase negative Staphylococcus isolates were sensitive to ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, ofloxacin and azithromycin, but less sensitive to cefuroxime (50.0%) and amoxicillin (60.0%). S. aureus was sensitive to levofloxacin, ofloxacin, gentamycin and azithromycin while for Gram negative bacteria, E. coli was 100% sensitive to levofloxacin, imipenem, cefuroxime, ofloxacin, and ampiclox, but less sensitive to amoxicillin (20.0%). Klebsiella pneumoniae was sensitive to ceftriaxone and gentamycin, 100% and 90.0%, respectively, but less sensitive to amoxicillin (20.0%). In conclusion, some bacteria exist on the hands of undergraduate students of Babcock Students with varied antibiotic susceptibility patterns and therefore institutional implementation of hand hygiene practices should be implement among students in the university.
Main Categories of Operational Risks in Banking. Methods Used by Financial Institutions to Identify, Prevent and Mitigate Risk Events
Authors: DANŢIŞ DRAGOŞ
Published: July 2023

Regular definitions of classical banking would bring into discussion the products and services offered to clients, with a deep focus on business activities, but only limited consideration given to other processes such as risk management. In such a view, some investors or managers would be interested in the efficiency of activities, eliminating many of the supporting steps or controls in place, in order to allocate most of the effort to the processing or client-oriented steps of the banking products. What has been noticed in theory and in practice is the fact that banking activity cannot function without the management of risks and the presence of a sound risk culture in financial institutions. This can be achieved, on the one hand, through the presence of an internal risk division to govern and coordinate risk management as well as implement prerequisites, some of them required by regulatory bodies, and, on the other hand, to promote a culture of risk, to turn each structure or staff member into the first line of risk detection, prevention, and mitigation. Among the main classes of risks are the operational ones, with a wide category of events in their portfolio, forcing banks to constantly build and develop their policies and processes in operational risk management. This paper will look at the main categories of operational risks and will mention some of the means used by the financial institutions to prevent and mitigate such risk events.
Sexuality Education for Early Childhood: Themes, Methods, and Perceptions of Raudhatul Athfal (RA) Educators
Authors: Pratiwi Hardiyanti , Ismail Murniyanti , Haida Rizky Noor
Published: July 2023

Sexuality education equips children with knowledge about the functions of genital organs, help them maintain hygiene, and protect themselves from sexual violence. This study aims to investigate the themes, methods, and perceptions of educators regarding sexuality education. The research utilized a quantitative survey involving 247 educators. An online questionnaire with both closed and open-ended questions was employed as the research instrument, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods for closed questions and qualitative methods for open-ended questions. The content validity of the instrument was established through validation by psychologists, indicating that the questionnaire could be effectively used. The reliability of the instrument was assessed using Cronbach’s Alpha. The results indicated that the majority of respondents emphasized the importance of introducing sexuality education at an early stage. However, the lack of knowledge regarding suitable themes, limited teaching materials, and negative societal stigma were identified as significant challenges. Despite these obstacles, respondents acknowledged the importance of teaching various themes, such as protecting sensitive areas, maintaining the health and hygiene of genital organs, addressing religious norms related to interactions with the opposite sex, and respecting the privacy of others. Respondents suggested that the most effective methods for introducing these themes included the use of songs, fairy tales, and role-playing activities. The pedagogical implication of this study underscores the need to enhance educators’ knowledge about sexuality education and provide them with adequate teaching materials.
Nicolas Sarkozy's Role in the 2008 Georgia Conflict: The "United West" Confronting Russia
Authors: Mikhaylov D.
Published: July 2023

This article examines the efforts of Nicolas Sarkozy, the President of the European Union (EU) at the time, in facilitating negotiations between Moscow and Tbilisi during the Georgia conflict in August-September 2008. While Sarkozy's primary objective was to end the bloodshed promptly, his strategic goals also encompassed preventing Georgia from falling back into Russia's sphere of influence and demonstrating the EU's capacity to independently resolve crises in the post-Soviet region.

Sarkozy successfully persuaded Moscow and Tbilisi to accept his mediation, known as the "good offices," to normalize the situation in South Ossetia. Additionally, he garnered support from the United States and the EU, positioning himself as a representative of the entire "collective West" in dialogue with Russia. Confronted with the parties' entrenched positions, the French President occasionally resorted to altering the content of his proposed "six-point" peace plan without prior agreement, ultimately impacting the quality of the resulting agreements. These differing interpretations continue to hinder the reconciliation efforts between Moscow and Tbilisi.

Through Sarkozy's mediation, a full-scale crisis in relations between Russia and the West was averted in August 2008. Significantly, Sarkozy was the first to officially articulate the threat of suspending all interaction between the "collective West" and Moscow if Russia employed military means to oppose EU and NATO expansion in the post-Soviet space. This article sheds light on Sarkozy's role in resolving the Georgia conflict while highlighting his strong stance against Russia's actions and aspirations in the region.
Cracks and Fault Lines: Foreign Policy Orientations of Western Balkan Capitals in the Context of the Ukrainian Crisis
Authors: Arlyapova E. S. , Ponomareva E. G.
Published: July 2023

The Ukrainian crisis has reverberated throughout the troubled region of the Balkans in Southern Europe, exposing deep-seated cracks and fractures that have long characterized this geopolitical area. The crisis has not only highlighted divisions between local states but also between communities and ethno-religious groups. In many cases, these intraregional contradictions are exacerbated by external actors and their demands. This article examines the foreign policy priorities and orientations of Western Balkan capitals within the "five plus one" format states (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and the partially recognized "Republic of Kosovo") in light of the crisis in Ukraine, illustrating the interplay between regional dynamics and international crises.

Drawing on a wide range of sources, including official documents and opinion polls on foreign policy, this paper identifies regional discrepancies in the perception and assessment of the ongoing Ukrainian conflict. The study employs a historical-systemic approach and neorealism principles to discern potential directions for political institutions in the external context. The analysis reveals that a fragile "balance of threats" persists in the region, heavily influenced by the goals and interests of external actors such as the EU, NATO, the United States, Russia, and to a lesser extent, China and Turkey.

The military and political disengagement observed in 2022 mirrors the alignment of local players witnessed in 2014, but with a significant difference: the West now expects all participants in the "five plus one" format to fully adhere to their joint foreign policy, including implementing restrictive measures against the Russian Federation. This presents a challenging dilemma for Belgrade and Banja Luka, as they cannot overlook the widespread support for Russia's actions among the Serbian population. Any anti-Russian steps taken by local authorities may lead to serious internal political conflicts in both Serbia and Republika Srpska, with far-reaching implications for regional stability.
Russia’s Foreign Trade with the GCC Countries: Dynamics, Characteristics and Opportunities
Authors: Shkvarya L. V.
Published: July 2023

This article examines the foreign trade relations between the Russian Federation and the states of the Cooperation Council of the Arab States of the Persian Gulf (GCC) in the 21st century. It considers the development of bilateral trade and economic cooperation with Middle Eastern states, particularly the Arabian monarchies, as an essential direction for enhancing Russia's integration into the global economic system in the context of increasing anti-Russian sanctions. The study's relevance lies in the Russian Federation's need to intensify foreign trade and investment cooperation with friendly states under the current circumstances. The research holds theoretical and practical significance for understanding the characteristics, challenges, and future development of bilateral trade relations with Gulf states.

The article aims to analyze the current state of mutual trade between the Russian Federation and GCC countries from 2000 to 2021 and identify the main factors influencing the dynamics and effectiveness of this trade. It establishes that trade and economic cooperation between both sides are founded on a stable objective basis, characterized by similarities and proximity in economic potential levels between the Russian Federation and the GCC countries as a collective business entity, considering individual country characteristics. The economic foundations and mutual benefits remain a priority for further cooperation. Trade volumes, both in goods and services, have shown steady growth, particularly in the past 5-6 years, although there are significant differentiations among countries. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) remains Russia's primary trading partner within the GCC. However, trade flows between Russia and the UAE, as well as other Gulf states, are imbalanced, with Russian exports to the Arabian monarchies significantly exceeding imports from the region. The commodity structure of bilateral trade also requires improvement, offering opportunities for both parties to enhance efficiency. The author suggests that future efforts should focus on developing trade in areas that contribute to economic diversification, the establishment of foundations for "green energy" and other promising sectors, and continuous enhancement of the regulatory framework for cooperation.

The analysis draws on data from the UNCTAD international database, ensuring the formulation of reliable and well-founded conclusions. The research utilizes various methods, including comparative analysis, statistical analysis, factor analysis, as well as historical, institutional, and causal approaches.
The Role of the Sustainable Development Concept in Shaping Energy Policy Transformations in the Caspian Region Countries
Authors: Aliev R. A.
Published: July 2023

The article explores the challenges associated with the adaptation of energy policies in the Caspian region to the principles of sustainable development. In the contemporary context, the oil and gas resources of Caspian countries play a vital role in national economic development and ensuring energy security for key importing nations amidst the global reshuffling of energy flows. The author analyzes the transformative changes brought about by the energy transition within the structure of the global fuel and energy complex.

The study contributes to the field by proposing an integrated approach to promoting energy sustainability in energy-exporting countries. This approach entails the adaptation of the oil and gas sector to decarbonization processes, while simultaneously embracing the development of carbon-free energy sources within a dynamically evolving geopolitical landscape. The research endeavor seeks to determine the main directions for transforming the energy policies of oil and gas producing countries in the Caspian region in response to imperatives of sustainable development.

At present, the most relevant aspects of energy policy in the Caspian countries involve the further development of oil and gas projects, strict adherence to environmental standards and regulations, ensuring energy efficiency across the entire production chain, and the implementation of "operational decarbonization" measures and carbon capture and storage technologies to reduce the carbon footprint of the fuel and energy complex. Additionally, to mitigate climate risks in the Caspian region, strategic energy policy priorities should encompass resource diversification towards the advancement of carbon-free generation based on renewable energy sources.

The study assesses the potential of the Caspian countries not only in implementing "operational decarbonization" measures but also in developing renewable and low-carbon energy sources. Furthermore, it examines the prospects for realizing ambitious "green" projects in the region.
THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus) INFECTED WITH Aeromonas hydrophila BACTERIA WITH ADDITION NUTRIENTS ON FEED
Authors: N.P.P. WIJAYANTI , FEBRIANI D.A.A. , SUDARYATMA P.E.
Published: July 2023

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the most economically important freshwater fish commodities. But in tilapia fish cultivation activities the emergence of disease becomes one of the problems that affect the quality and quantity of cultivation production. One disease that often appears is the bacterial infection Aeromonas hydrophyla. The problem is expected to be resolved by giving vitamin C in fish feed. The study aimed to look at the growth per- formance of tilapia infected with A. hydrophyla bacteria judging by measurements of length, weight gain, Survival Rate, Feed Conversion Ratio, and water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, and DO (Dissolved Oxygen). The study consisted of 2 controls namely positive control and negative control, as well as 3 treatments with diffe- rent doses of vitamin C. As a positive control (treatment A) is tilapia fish given commercial feed and infected with bacteria with a density of 106 CFU/ml; negative control (treatment B) is fish that are only given commercial feed; treatment C is a fish that is given commercial feed with the addition of vitamin C 150 mg/kg and infected with bac- teria 106 CFU/ml; D treatment is a fish that is given commercial feed with the addition of vitamin C 300 mg/kg and infected with bacteria 106 CFU/ml; and treatment E is a fish that is given commercial feed with the addition of vita- min C 450 mg/kg and infected with bacteria 106 CFU/ml. The results of the study on the weight and length growth parameters infected with A. hydrophyla bacteria experienced shrinkage due to stress and decreased appetite. The survival of tilapia fish given additional vitamin C in feed as much as 150 mg/kg gives the best results.
Mecanismos legales para el cumplimiento de la normatividad sobre descargas de aguas residuales en México: una evaluación para Baja California Sur
Authors:   Departamento de Asuntos Internacionales, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Baja California Sur, México, Valdivia-Alvarado Ana Teresa , Ortega-Rubio Alfredo ,   Programa de Planeación Ambiental y Conservación, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Baja California Sur, México, Serrano-Castro Rodrigo ,   Departamento de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, Baja California Sur, México, Gámez-Vázquez Alba E. ,   Departamento Académico de Economía, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, Baja California Sur, México, Beltrán-Morales Luis Felipe ,   Programa de Planeación Ambiental y Conservación, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Baja California Sur, Baja California Sur, México, Beltrán-Morales Félix Alfredo ,   Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, Baja California Sur, México, García-Fernández Dora ,   Facultad de Bioética, Universidad Anáhuac, Ciudad de México, México
Published: July 2023

En la estrategia de gestión integral de los recursos hídricos en México las aguas residuales han recibido escasa atención. A pesar de su centralidad en la disponibilidad y calidad del agua, y al extenso marco legal que las regula, una tarea pendiente es controlar su descarga, promover su reutilización de manera segura y prevenir la contaminación. Esto sugiere la pertinencia de evaluar la eficacia de la normatividad en materia de descarga de aguas residuales en el país y, especialmente, en regiones con estrés hídrico, donde incluso se compromete el derecho humano al aguay a un ambiente sano. Así, se identificó, jerarquizó y caracterizó el sistema de fuentes de esa normatividad, y se analizaron actos administrativos de control, como frecuencia de vigilancia, inspección, medidas correctivas, sanciones impuestas y denuncias presentadas de 2009 a 2018 en Baja California Sur, región que se emplea como caso de estudio. Los resultados muestran que, más que un marco legal ineficaz, hay deficiencias administrativas e institucionales para exigir el cumplimiento por parte de la autoridad, y que se carece de una política pública para la aplicación de la normatividad en cuanto a las descargas de aguas residuales. Por lo tanto, es necesario que autoridades de los tres ámbitos de gobierno evalúen y coordinen sus estrategias, y las orienten hacia los objetivos nacionales e internacionales
Removal of organic matter present in wastewater of a pharmaceutical plant using a RBC (rotating biological contactor)
Authors:   Civil Engineering Program, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogota, Colombia, Velasco Jorge Eliecer , Molano Andrés Felipe ,   Civil Engineering Program, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogota, Colombia, Pramparo Laura ,   Civil Engineering Program, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogota, Colombia
Published: July 2023

A RBC (Rotating Biological Contactor) system is a technology using a biological process by which microorganisms present in wastewater arefixed to partially-submerged parallel rotating discs forming a biofilm through bioaugmentation processes. This technology allows for the removal of contaminating organic matter from the water improving treatment processes. In this research work, a laboratory-scale RBC composed of four discs submerged approximately 40 % in a volume of 1 l (0.001 m3) was used for the purpose of reducing high levels of COD and BOD contained in the wastewater of a pharmaceutical plant with the aid of two different microbial consortiums. An initial characterization of COD and BOD of the wastewater sample was carried out in order to compare with six samples obtained from the reactor in operation. A maximum COD removal of 2 560 mg O2/l was obtained which, although very high, is beyond of the permissible limits allowed by Colombian law ( ordinance 0631 of 2015) but is significant because it represents an efficient removal percentage of 99.67 % with respect to the values obtained at the initial characterization
REPRESENTASI KEBERFUNGSIAN KELUARGA DARI HASIL PERNIKAHAN DI BAWAH UMUR DALAM DRAMA KOREA “18 AGAIN”
Authors: Criscentia Agnes Jeanette , Kusuma Satria
Published: July 2023

Serial drama Korea “18 Again” adalah drama dengan tema keluarga, yang diangkat dari cerita dengan kehidupan sehari-hari dan mengangkat permasalahan yang terjadi di dalam sebuah keluarga. Drama ini merupakan adaptasi film Hollywood dengan judul 17 Again yang tayang pada tahun 2009. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis  keberfungsian keluarga yang terjadi dari hasil pernikahan di bawah umur dalam drama Korea “18 again”. Landasan teori dalam penelitian ini, antara lain Serial Drama Korea, Semiotika Roland Barthes, Persepsi, Komunikasi Keluarga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan analisis studi semiotika Roland Barthes dan bersifat deskriptif. Perolehan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara observasi atau pengamatan langsung terhadap drama Korea “18 Again” pada platform IQYI. Peneliti menganalisis 33 adegan keberfungsian keluarga yang diambil dari total seluruh 16 episode. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, dapat disimpulkan bahwa drama Korea “18 Again” melewati tahapan-tahapan keberfungsian keluarga, yaitu peranan keluarga (roles), ekspresi emosi keluarga (emotional expression), saling ketergantungan/individuasi keluarga, distribusi kekuasaan, komunikasi keluarga (communication), sub sistem keluarga.
MEDIA DAN PEMASARAN POLITIK ANIES BASWEDAN DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN FORMULA E DI JAKARTA TAHUN 2022
Authors: Satrio Hendri , Zuhro Siti , Harmonis Harmonis
Published: July 2023

Penyelenggaraan kejuaraan dunia Formula E di Jakarta tahun 2022 mendapat perhatian besar dalam pemberitaan media massa dan media sosial. Anies Baswedan sebagai Gubernur DKI Jakarta mendapatkan publisitas yang cukup besar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran media dan pemasaran politik Anies Baswedan dalam Penyelenggaraan Formula E di Jakarta tahun 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori dan konsep seperti agenda setting, personal branding, strategi publisitas serta segmentasi untuk mengetahui fenomena pemasaran politik Anies Baswedan. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan analisis data berupa reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Penelitian ini juga melakukan Uji triangulasi berdasarkan sumber dan informan yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mulai dari perencanaan sampai penyelenggaraan, Formula E sarat dengan kepentingan politik. Anies Baswedan memasarkan citra dan rekam jejak politik sebagai pemimpin DKI Jakarta (product) dengan menyelenggarakan Formula E di Jakarta (price). Pull marketing Anies Baswedan memanfaatkan media dan publisitas terkait penyelenggaraan Formula E di Jakarta tahun 2022 untuk personal branding dirinya dengan menggunakan strategi tie-in publicity dan free ride publicity (promotion). Hasil pemetaan menunjukan bahwa narasi tujuan penyelenggaraan Formula E digunakan bukan hanya untuk membentuk citra Jakarta sebagai kota global yang ramah lingkungan, tetapi melalui unggahan di media sosial Anies Baswedan juga memposisikan dirinya sebagai kepala daerah yang mampu menyelenggarakan agenda internasional (place).
EDITORIAL
Authors: Demajorovic Jacques
Published: July 2023

Editorial
Exploring the Impact of Social Factors on Attitudes Toward Death in Elderly Adults in Malaysia's
Authors: Ngah Farhah Hanun , Manap Jamiah , Sitinjak Charli , Sobirov Bobur
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate attitudes toward death among older adults in Malaysia's Klang Valley and to identify the social factors that influence these attitudes.   Theoretical framework: The study was based on the theoretical framework that death attitudes can have a significant impact on the physical and mental health of the elderly, as well as on their acceptance of care and quality of death.   Method/design/approach: A cross-sectional survey was conducted, involving 165 older adults in Malaysia's Klang Valley. The study used nonparametric tests to investigate the social factors that influence attitudes toward death in the elderly.   Results and conclusion: The study found that the various dimensions of death attitudes among older adults in Malaysia are influenced by one or more factors, including the number of illnesses, discussions about life and death, marital status, and income. These findings contribute to expanding knowledge about death attitudes among older adults and provide a reference for understanding attitudes toward death in the elderly.   Research implications: The study has important implications for healthcare providers and policy makers who work with older adults, as it highlights the need to consider social factors that may influence attitudes toward death and end-of-life care. The findings also suggest the need for more research in this area to better understand and address the attitudes and needs of older adults as they approach the end of their lives.