bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hozhooji Naat'aanii: The navajo justice and harmony ceremony
Authors: Bluehouse Philmer , Zion James W.
Published: July 2007

Navajos of the Navajo Nation in Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah are reviving their traditional methods of justice to preserve their own ways and overcome a hundred years of imposed adjudication. The Navajo Peacemaker Court, a system of court‐annexed mediation and arbitration, is one of the primary instruments of revival or “going back to the future.” However, traditional Navajo “mediation” and “arbitration” are different from general American methods, and the Courts of the Navajo Nation want to avoid new impositions of non‐Indian methods. This article describes the nature of traditional Navajo justice and contrasts it with non‐Indian alternative dispute resolution.
Balance and harmony: Peacemaking in coast salish tribes of the pacific northwest
Authors: Mansfield Emily
Published: July 2007

The Salish Indian people of the western Washington area lived in communities organized to promote cooperation and minimize overt expression of dispute. This article summarizes research by the Northwest Intertribal Court System on traditional patterns, values, and processes related to disputes and their settlement. The research traced these traditional themes to the present and found that some continue to be used in informal processes today.
The heart connection
Authors: Yale Diane
Published: July 2007

Legend has it that Albert Einstein, on his deathbed, stated that there is only one important question: Is the Universe friendly? (Borysenko, 1990). This author suggests that mediators who would like to do so have the opportunity to connect with clients from our heart to theirs. Thus, we may contribute toward creating a friendlier, more optimistic, and healthier environment for them at this emotionally and physically challenging time in their lives.
When grief underlies the conflict
Authors: Barsky Morna
Published: July 2007

The divorce mediator's knowledge about the grief process can have a normalizing and healing influence on clients, which is likely to facilitate settlement agreements.
Applying cooperative and competitive conflict theory to mediation
Authors: Tjosvold Dean , van de Vliert Evert
Published: July 2007

Mediators can have a powerful impact by helping protagonists learn to manage future conflicts by handling present ones cooperatively. Cooperative conflict research suggests two major mediation strategies. Protagonists develop a cooperative context by listing their major objectives and aspirations independently, brainstorm about how they can help each other reach their goals, and negotiate and reach agreements about this process of mutual goal achievement. Protagonists also learn the cooperative skills of expressing their own ideas and feelings, putting themselves in each other's shoes, combining ideas, and seeking mutually beneficial solutions. Mediators also establish cooperative, conflict‐positive relationships with protagonists.
The kids get the house
Authors: Allison Jeff
Published: July 2007

Few events in life are as stressful as separation and divorce, especially for children. In the normal course of events, parents establish separate households and the children go back and forth. But how much of the children's stress could be prevented if the parents went back and forth instead? Jeff and Jackie Allison gave their house to their children. The results, at least in the short term, make this option worthy of consideration by divorcing parents and mediators everywhere.
Not effective communication but effective persuasion
Authors: Tidwell Alan C.
Published: July 2007

This article examines the role of persuasion in mediation. Specifically, the author argues that mediation is at heart a persuasive process, and that mediation plays a key role in overcoming such deficits as trained incapacity and learned helplessness, which disable individuals when they try to resolve disputes. Identifying the persuasive mechanisms used in mediation is of the utmost importance to mediators. The role of consistency and commitment are examined as two primary devices used to persuade parties to resolve their disputes. Finally, the author proposes that a major difficulty in resolving value conflicts is the inability to use persuasion on people of divergent worldviews.
Building on structured mediation: An integrated model for global mediation of separation and divorce
Authors: Grebe Sarah Childs
Published: July 2007

This article traces the development of family mediation in separation and divorce in the United States and details the development of a new model based on the work of O.J. Coogler, one of the pioneers in family mediation. In expanding on Coogler's model, the author clarifies its original structure and procedures as well as its underlying problem‐solving schema. An essentially new model is described that focuses on the interaction between the clients and with the mediator and that incorporates relevant sociological theory.
The construction of ethics in mediation
Authors: Cooks Leda M. , Hale Claudia L.
Published: July 2007

This article explores the discursive construction of ethics as the product of professional guidelines for behavior and as the process of telling stories about moral dilemmas. First, the authors focus on five codes of conduct for mediators and identify disputant self‐determination, informed consent, mediator impartiality, and mediator neutrality as central themes in each of these documents. Second, they examine the tape‐recorded remarks of participants in a seminar dealing with fairness, social justice, ethical concerns, and the responsibility of mediators to address these considerations. The four themes identified in the codes of conduct are shown to delineate the grounds on which ethical concerns were addressed by the seminar participants.
Conflict resolution across cultures: A hawaii perspective and a pacific mediation model
Authors: Barnes Bruce E.
Published: July 2007

This article reviews various consensual methods of conflict resolution—mediation, negotiation, and facilitation—and indigenous culture techniques capable of becoming culturally appropriate for disputes across cultures. Models of addressing multicultural disputes such as community boards, ethnic conciliation commissions, educational campaigns in sovereignty movements, and cross‐cultural comediation are discussed from a Hawaii practitioner's perspective. Peacemaking techniques from Samoan, Hawaiian, Laotian, Filipino, Japanese, Chinese, and Native American cultures are highlighted. The Pacific model for mediation, negotiation, and facilitation of cross‐cultural conflict is introduced; this model was developed in relation to cultures of the Pacific Basin, especially those cultures present in Hawaii.
Victim‐offender mediation by New Zealand probation officers: The possibilities and the reality
Authors: Galaway Burt
Published: July 2007

Legislation in New Zealand has established a preference for reparation in sentencing property offenders. Judges may request probation officers to prepare reparation reports, making it the officers' responsibility to attempt to secure victim and offender agreement. Although judges and probation officers perceive mediation and victim‐offender meetings as helpful to both parties and as appropriate mechanisms for setting reparations, mediation occurs infrequently, partly because judges and probation officers also perceive that victims do not want to meet offenders. A victim survey suggests this perception may be incorrect. Also, positive perceptions require administrative support to be translated into practice.
Mediation for children, youth, and families: A service continuum
Authors: Smith Melinda
Published: July 2007

The New Mexico Center for Dispute Resolution has developed a service continuum of mediation and conflict resolution programs for children, youth, and families and has demonstrated that these programs can be effective in responding to some needs of at‐risk children and families. Further, public and private youth agency support and funding can be garnered for youth‐oriented mediation programs, and these programs can then lead to the incorporation of mediation into state youth policy.
An indigenous imperative: The rationale for the recognition of aboriginal dispute resolution mechanisms
Authors: Grose Peter R.
Published: July 2007

Australian Aboriginal communities are characterized by heterogeneity. They are recent phenomena, the very structures being alien to traditional small‐scale groupings. Many Aboriginal communities are today in crisis. The imposed mainstream legal system has resulted in Aboriginal people being the most jailed of any people in the world. Mainstream society, historically both procrustean and ethnocentric in attitude, has until now failed to acknowledge that the definition of human rights is historically and culturally specific. Aboriginal communities are working to establish dispute resolution structures that are culturally appropriate to their particular needs at this particular time. Political support for such moves is increasing noticeably.
The effect of victim‐offender mediation on severity of reoffense
Authors: Nugent William R. , Paddock Jeffrey B.
Published: July 2007

This article describes an investigation of the relationship between participation in a victim‐offender reconciliation program (VORP) and subsequent reoffense by children and adolescents. Two random samples of children and adolescents were drawn: one from participants in a VORP and a second from a population who went through a more traditional juvenile justice approach. An ordinal ranking of subsequent reqffenses by these children and adolescents was constructed, and ordinal logistic regression procedures were used to test the relationship between program participation and severity of subsequent reoffense. The results suggest that, after controlling for a number of potentially confounding variables, VORP participants are less likely to reoffend within a year of their VORP meeting, and if they do reoffend, will commit less serious offenses than children and adolescents who go through a more traditional juvenile justice approach.
Issues in the termination of mediation due to abuse
Authors: Barsky Allan Edward
Published: July 2007

This article explores the ethical and clinical issues facing mediators when they deal with situations in which mediation may need to be terminated due to concerns of abuse. The analysis presents a strategic framework for examining ethical dilemmas and applies it to a specific fact situation. Although courts and ethicists suggest that safety concerns take precedence over other values, implementation of any policy on abuse is restricted by lack of consensus among mediators and insufficient knowledge about the immediate and longterm effects of different courses of action.
Research in family mediation: Review and implications
Authors: Benjamin Michael , Irving Howard H.
Published: July 2007

The rising popularity and prominence of family mediation has meant increasing research attention. In this article, the authors review fifty‐one studies in terms of three categories of research focus: process, outcomes, and predictors of mediated agreement. The authors conclude that family mediation is an effective and efficient service technology that, at its best, can be more helpful than litigation in assisting divorcing couples in conflict. The implications of this conclusion are examined for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners.
Power imbalance in divorce and interpersonal mediation: Assessment and intervention
Authors: Kelly Joan B.
Published: July 2007

This article explores the nature of power and power imbalance in interpersonal relationships and presents a framework for assessing conditions that create the potential for unequal power in mediation. A variety of mediator interventions are discussed that may empower disputants when power differentials threaten the integrity of the mediation process and outcomes.
The disputing process: An ethnographic study of a homeowners association
Authors: Yang Honggang
Published: July 2007

This article is based on a year‐long fieldwork in Florida. It examines an institutionalised structure involving the common property managed by a homeowners association where dispute resolution mechanisms are in demand. The ethnographic case materials describe a legend of the resident manager, a legal battle, over the board election, recurrent problems with the limited commons, and mentalities of volunteers. The field research reveals the embedded disharmonies of and ongoing disputes over the management of the commons as viewed from a perspective of legal anthropology.
The role of the mediator in family mediation
Authors: Cohen Orna , Dattner Naomi
Published: July 2007

This article examines the kinds of knowledge and qualifications as well as special skills that a family mediator should possess in order to arrive at suitable divorce settlements that take the needs of the children and the life‐styles of the parents into account. The authors also identify the professions that provide the requisite knowledge and skills.
Resolving parental abduction: Child find of America's mediation program
Authors: Millar Helen D.
Published: July 2007

The majority of children abducted in the United States are taken by a relative or parent. Recognizing the potential value of mediation in such situations, Child Find of America, Inc., developed a program in 1986 to help prevent and resolve parental abductions. Central to Child Find's mediation program are pro bono mediators, most of whom are Practitioner Members of the Academy of Family Mediators. This article describes how Child Find's over‐the‐phone mediation program works: the underlying theoretical assumptions, the roles of the personnel involved, the protocols for screening and referring cases to mediators, the success criteria, and some sample successful and unsuccessful cases.
Practical and ethical concerns in divorce mediation: Attending to emotional factors affecting mediator judgment
Authors: deMayo Robert A.
Published: July 2007

Divorce mediation can require on‐the‐spot decisions regarding a variety of complex practical and ethical issues. Drawing upon intersubjective theory, the author describes how the interactive nature of mediation may increase the mediator's potential for emotional reactions, thereby influencing mediator judgment. A case example is provided to illustrate the manner in which this emotional reactivity may compromise standards of practice. Six recommendations to maintain sound mediation practices within the context of emotionally provocative circumstances are provided.
Transformative mediation and third‐party intervention: Ten hallmarks of a transformative approach to practice
Authors: Folger Joseph P. , Bush Robert A. Baruch
Published: July 2007

The transformative approach to mediation and third‐party intervention is seen as attractive by many practitioners, but they are still somewhat unsure of its precise contours in practice. To clarify these contours, the authors describe ten major patterns of practice that they believe characterize the work of intervenors who follow this approach. These “hallmarks” of transformative practice range from the content of mediators' opening statements, to their attitudes about party competence and motivation, to their willingness to deal with emotion and conflict history. Together, the hallmarks paint a clearer picture of this approach to intervention. They also help clarify some misunderstandings that have arisen about the approach.
Respecting the struggle: Following the parties' lead
Authors: Grillo Trina
Published: July 2007

Interventions that demonstrate respect for the parties, that acknowledge their process, and that support their personal struggle to express their ideas and feelings are hallmarks of effective mediation practice. By supporting the opportunity to express anger in appropriate and genuine ways and to express resistance to the process and to alternative solutions, mediators evidence respect for the parties and their process. This article explores the connection between such respect and notions of empowerment and recognition.
The production of power and knowledge in mediation
Authors: Pinzón Luis Arturo
Published: July 2007

This article critically reflects the development of mediation through the dynamics of power and knowledge. Some main accounts of the mediation movement are synthesized. From these the most general main account found in mediation literature is chosen and used for an analysis, which focuses on the concepts of power and knowledge. This exploration shows how one of the main approaches to mediation is being transformed into a power mechanism at the microlevel of society, which has been—and continues to be—colonized and transformed by even more general mechanisms. These issues raise questions regarding future developments within the field of mediation.
Mediation of mobile home landlord‐tenant disputes: An assessment of government agency implementation of mediation
Authors: Stiftel Bruce
Published: July 2007

Changes in Florida's mobile home landlord‐tenant mediation program afford the opportunity to compare two different program designs: one using novice mediators, the other using experienced mediators; one effectively mandating mediation, the other allowing voluntary use of mediation. The comparison shows higher settlement rates when experienced mediators are used in a voluntary mediation context, but the voluntary program experiences greater attrition between the request for mediation and the actual mediation sessions.
Mediation of children issues when one parent is gay: A cultural perspective
Authors: Campbell Alan
Published: July 2007

The author suggests that the development of a homosexual lifestyle involves entering a new cultural perspective, a subculture essentially different from its heterosexual counterpart. The mediators job is to try to interpret this new subculture in order to develop understanding between the participants that will allow them to continue their parenting tasks together while developing very different personal lives. One way of doing this is to act as both a “tourist” and a “tour guide.” It is argued that by using this approach the mediator can become more effective in these cases.
A nationwide survey of mediation centers
Authors: McKinney Bruce C. , Kimsey William D. , Fuller Rex M.
Published: July 2007

The study reported here examined the current status of mediation in the United States based on responses from 146 mediation centers in thirty‐nine states and the District of Columbia. Specific areas addressed in this survey included staffing and funding concerns, caseload, services provided, mediator qualifications, memberships and affiliations, education, and training. It can be concluded from these survey data that mediation is now a firmly established form of alternative dispute resolution in the United States with services available (for example, community mediation, divorce mediation, and victim‐offender reconciliation programs) to those seeking nontraditional ways of resolving disputes.
Mediation on 125th street: Commerce and conflict resolution in Harlem
Authors: Stamato Linda
Published: July 2007

On December 8, 1995, a street vendor entered a discount clothing store on 125th Street in Harlem that he had been picketing for several weeks. He fired a gun indiscriminately, killing several people, and doused the place with a flammable liquid, which he ignited before turning his weapon on himself. Eight people died, including the deranged assailant; others were injured, and the store was reduced to ruins. The genesis of this tragedy was a contentious commercial dispute between a Jewish landlord and his African American tenant. The roots of the clash lie deeper, embedded in historic resentments, racial and class antagonisms, the disappearance of jobs, and the political gamesmanship endemic to the community (Finder, 1994; Gray, 1994; Hicks, 1994). The author analyzes the tragedy and argues for the mediation of commercial disputes. She asserts that mediation provides value directly, by managing specific disputes, as well as indirectly, by helping to create a constructive environment for economic development and social cohesion.
A mediation approach designed by adolescent disputants
Authors: Pastorino Ray
Published: July 2007

This article outlines the development of a paradigm for the mediation process as used by students and the potential use of the process to reduce and prevent violence through the development of alternative skills and nonadversarial options for resolving conflict. The peer‐student‐user model developed suggests a new definition for resolution, the ability to potentiate safe and authentic communication rather than an end product (agreement), and suggests a healing option and a transformation process that fosters authentic communication, understanding, acceptance, empowerment, and skill building. This paradigm or model focuses on the users—people in conflict—rather than the actions of mediators as experts and, therefore, empowers meaningful resolution and ongoing learning of self and other. Recent research, developmental theory, and the user's model are presented and used to suggest the importance of delivering these skills to children by the third grade for integrative lifelong use and (potentially) for the reduction of violence.
Mediating when domestic violence is a factor: Policies and practices in court‐based divorce mediation programs
Authors: Pearson Jessica
Published: July 2007

Domestic violence is estimated to be a factor in at least one‐half the cases served at court‐based divorce mediation programs, with only about 5 percent excluded because of concerns about safety or power imbalance. This article looks at how mediators and program administrators say they have responded to the criticisms of advocates for victims of domestic violence by developing ways to gauge the capacity to mediate and to modify the mediation process in order to enhance safety. It draws on responses to a national survey of program practices and in‐depth examination of court‐based divorce mediation programs in five settings.
Achieving neutrality and impartiality: The ultimate communication challenge for peer mediators
Authors: Hale Claudia L. , Nix Chris
Published: July 2007

This article critically examines the communications of a selected group of peer mediators who serve an “at‐risk” middle school. Based on our analyses, we identified instances of both neutral and nonneutral mediator communications as well as impartial and nonimpartial mediator communications. These findings are used as a basis for offering recommendations concerning peer mediation training programs.
Mediation and Society in Microcosm: Providing Family Mediation Services to Low‐Income Families
Authors: Noce Dorothy J. Della
Published: July 2007

The Symposium on Providing Family Mediation Services to Low Income Families, sponsored by the Academy of Family Mediators and other leading professional organizations, is the basis for this article, which sets out the history and purpose of the symposium, its content, and the conclusions reached among the participants at the two‐day conference. This article also describes some of the important concerns in providing mediation services to low‐income families, as well as the challenges to the creation and implementation of programs to meet the needs of such families.
Family mediation by the community mediation service in Boulder, Colorado
Authors: Coates Christine A. , Damas Kon
Published: July 2007

Two programs of the Community Mediation Service of the City of Boulder, Colorado, specifically address family issues: the Youth Services Mediation Program, which is not limited to low‐income participants, and the Divorce and Child Custody Mediation Program, which is a program for low‐income participants. This article describes the parent‐teen component of the two programs. Parent‐teen disputes are mediated by a volunteer co‐mediation team of an adult and teen mediator trained in general mediation skills. Divorce and Child Custody Program volunteer mediators are trained in general mediation and in specific divorce and child custody mediation and legal issues.
Access to mediation services for rural, low‐income, and culturally diverse populations
Authors: McKnight Marilyn S.
Published: July 2007

Low‐income, rural, and culturally diverse populations have less access to divorce mediation services than other groups and are limited to legal aid services if they qualify, a private attorney if affordable, or a pro se divorce. Cooperative Solutions' experience serving these same populations with highly trained, well‐qualified mediators who are professionally remunerated and recognized for their good work mediating divorces contrasts greatly with the usual outcomes in these areas. Parents make decisions that consider their children's needs for relationship with each parent after the divorce, child support is paid based on an understanding of what children need, and clients have the opportunity to work out division of assets and debts reasonably with understanding and cooperation.
Welfare as we have never known it
Authors: Severens Kathleen
Published: July 2007

Welfare reform offers an opportunity to integrate mediation into administrative agency operations and to provide a valuable alternative to welfare recipients as they move toward self‐sufficiency. The Nebraska Office of Dispute Resolution and the Department of Health and Human Services are in the second year of an interagency agreement to provide mediation services in an affordable, comprehensive, and sensitive manner. A number of lessons have been learned in the initial stage of the program. The welfare reform movement offers an excellent opportunity for community providers to forge new relationships with government agencies that will extend the principles of mediation (self‐determination and empowerment) into the workings of the system and to the people served by it.
Court‐annexed child custody mediation in New York City: A collaboration among three organizations
Authors: Reiniger Anne , Tudy‐Jackson Janice
Published: July 2007

A unique collaborative effort among the Association of the Bar of the City of New York, the New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, and the Victim Services Manhattan Mediation Program has produced a court‐annexed program, called the Mediation Services Project, that offers mediation services to low‐income families dealing with child custody and visitation disputes. This article describes the Mediation Services Project, its services, and the cooperative effort required to initiate and sustain it.
Conflict management and mediation training: A vehicle for community empowerment?
Authors: Maxwell Jennifer P.
Published: July 2007

The following case study examines the use of conflict management and mediation training as a vehicle for community empowerment for residents of public housing estates in a large Midwestern city. Lederach's elicitive and prescriptive training models are used as a framework to explain the dynamics of power and disempowerment. Findings suggest that while training was an empowering experience for participants in the training setting, transferring these skills to the community setting was difficult. The external environment must be structured to allow training participants to employ their skills once training is complete if community empowerment is to succeed.
Strategies in mediation explored and developed during a research project
Authors: Tjersland Odd Arm
Published: July 2007

This article presents strategies in mediation based on experiences from a mediation project conducted in Oslo, Norway. The mediators integrate knowledge from the mediation tradition and the family therapy tradition. The author describes several motivating, structuring, confirming, and meaning‐expanding strategies in the sessions, and how clients are helped to reach decisions. The mediation is structured. At the same time, the mediators try to give emotional reactions a legitimate place. In style they are more like conversational partners than advisers, and solutions are based on the parties' own ideas and competence.
Action‐evaluation and conflict resolution: In theory and practice
Authors: Rothman Jay
Published: July 2007

This article discusses the use of action‐evaluation in conflict resolution assessment as a way to unite theory and practice, helping all stakeholders articulate and reach their goals. A systematic plan for evaluation can both satisfy evaluative requirements and also significantly enhance program effectiveness. Action‐evaluation, as defined here, is designed to facilitate and merge effective program design, implementation, and monitoring with evaluation. It is supported by user‐friendly research tools, including a computer‐based and interactive goal definition process intended to help project organizers, facilitators, participants, and sometimes funders interactively define their shared goals in order to better achieve them.
Contextual mediation
Authors: Brown Bradley L.
Published: July 2007

How do mediators guide their clients through the maze of emotions surrounding their disagreements to where they can break through their conflict and engage in truly productive communication? In contextual mediation, the mediator first determines the context within which the parties' dispute arose, then works to resolve the conflict underlying the dispute. Once this is done, resolving the dispute becomes much easier, and resolutions that are more likely to be permanent can be reached.
Attribution bias: Challenges, issues, and strategies for mediation
Authors: Ng John , Ang Sophia
Published: July 2007

Social scientists use the term attribution to describe the process of attaching meaning to behavior. In mediation, parties who make attribution seek to take control of the mediation process so that they can gain advantage of the situation. Although attribution theories have enriched the study of social cognitive processes and communication competence, they have not been studied in the context of mediation. Yet these are powerful communication processes that affect parties' movements toward an amicable settlement in mediation. This article presents an overview of issues in the attribution literature that pertain to the study of mediation, discusses three perception biases, and suggests practical remedies.
Developing family mediation standards: An Australian experience
Authors: Bagshaw Dale
Published: July 2007

With the implementation of Parts III and VII of the Family Law Act 1975, as amended in the Family Law Reform Act 1995 (effective in June 1996), there is now increased emphasis on “family and child” mediation for managing and resolving family disputes in Australia, particularly where there are disputes involving children. The author was the founding chairperson of the Family Services Council and took responsibility for coordinating and writing the first national set of family mediation standards for family and child mediators employed by organizations funded by the Attorney‐General's Department of the Commonwealth of Australia. These standards were developed in close consultation with key organizations and mediators in the field. They subsequently influenced some aspects of the new Family Law Regulations (in particular Part V) for mediators operating under the Family Law Act. The Family Mediation Standards discussed in this article cover minimum standards of practice; aspirational standards; and minimum education, training, and supervision requirements for family and child mediators employed by organizations approved by the Federal Attorney‐General under the Family Law Act 1975.
The dynamics of power in mediation and negotiation
Authors: Mayer Bernard
Published: July 2007

What influence can mediators exert to promote agreement, and are there ethical constraints to the exercise of this power?
The caucus: Private meetings that promote settlement
Authors: Moore Christopher W.
Published: July 2007

When are private meetings appropriate and how should they be conducted?
The importance of intake in parent‐child mediation
Authors: Murnion Deborah C.
Published: July 2007

What are the advantages of having different people perform the intake and mediation functions?
Mediation and prepaid legal plans
Authors: Cloke Kenneth , Strachan Angus
Published: July 2007

What are the advantages of including mediation services in prepaid legal plans?
Family mediation training programs: Establishing standards
Authors: Grebe Sarah Childs
Published: July 2007

What is the relationship between training programs and standards?
Identity issues for mediators
Authors: Zaidel Susan
Published: July 2007

What prerequisites are needed for family mediators?
Negotiating a state environmental quality act: The arizona groundwater case
Authors: Meeks Gordon
Published: July 2007

Not all mediators have a neutral, power‐free base. In Arizona, consensus on a new environmental law was mediated by legislators and the governor.
The policy dialogue: Applying mediation to the policy‐making process
Authors: Ehrmann John R. , Lesnick Michael T.
Published: July 2007

How can mediation be used to improve public policy formation and implementation? The evolving policy dialogue technique is one answer.
John and Mary: Sharing parenting after divorce
Authors: Haynes John M.
Published: July 2007

What strategies can the mediator use to separate spousal from parenting roles?
Mediators' duties, informed consent, and the hatfields versus the McCoys
Authors: Helm Bob
Published: July 2007

The duty to warn can hamper the duty to uncover issues for negotiation because of the duty to obtain informed consent.
Date rape and the limits of mediation
Authors: Cloke Kenneth
Published: July 2007

Should mediation be attempted concerning allegations of violence?
Metaphors in mediating
Authors: Yale Diane
Published: July 2007

What is our purpose as mediators? How do our thoughts and actions further our purpose?
The charlottesville mediation project: Mediated and litigated child custody disputes
Authors: Emery Robert E. , Jackson Joanne A.
Published: July 2007

A standardized court‐based custody mediation program is described, and the initial results from a systematic study of parents' reactions to mediated and litigated custody dispute processes and settlements are reported.
FNA diagnosis of retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma metastasizing to the breast
Authors: Omeroglu Gulbeyaz , ErsŞahin Çağatay , Potkul Ronald K. , Booth Christine N.
Published: July 2007

Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is one of the first‐line investigations in any breast lump, and hence cytomorphological recognition of nonmammary metastatic tumors to the breast and their distinction from primary tumors is important. Breast metastasis from extra‐mammary malignancy is rare, constituting 2% of breast tumors; even rarer are mestastatic leiomyosarcomas. Our patient presented with a breast lump 2 years after operative removal of a retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma. The breast lump was confirmed to be a metastasis from the earlier primary. Herein, we report the first case of a retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma metastatic to the breast diagnosed by Fine Needle Aspiration. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:508–511. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnosis of recurrent synovial sarcoma by fine needle aspiration cytology—a case report
Authors: Mehdi Ghazala , Ansari Hena A. , Siddiqui Shahid Ali
Published: July 2007

Cytodiagnosis of synovial sarcoma can be a daunting task, owing to the varied cytomorphological appearances possible, depending on whether the tumour is monophasic or biphasic in architecture. We report herewith a case of recurrent synovial sarcoma in a young male who presented with a swelling in the neck. The diagnosis was established by fine needle aspiration cytology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:521–524. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Follicular neoplasm of the thyroid—vanishing cytologic diagnosis?
Authors: Kapur Umesh , Wojcik Eva M.
Published: July 2007

The significance of making a diagnosis of follicular neoplasm on fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy remains a controversial issue, considering that the diagnosis of follicular carcinoma is based on histological criteria and the significantly decreasing incidence of follicular carcinoma in the general population. On FNA the main differential diagnoses of follicular neoplasm includes follicular variant of papillary carcinoma (FVPC), follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma and benign solitary nodule occurring in a goiter. Several studies have looked at immunohistochemical and molecular markers to distinguish benign from malignant lesions but none of them have proved to be infallible. Although, FVPC is a distinct entity from the follicular neoplasm group, it is not always possible to separate it from the other follicular lesions because of overlapping cytologic features and often‐sporadic presence of nuclear features, follicular variant of papillary carcinoma remains the main pitfall in a diagnosis of follicular neoplasm. Since a significant number of cases that are malignant on follow‐up are usually FVPC, consequently, follicular neoplasm is an essential diagnostic consideration on FNA. In addition, follicular carcinoma, despite a decreasing incidence continues to be a real entity. Therefore, it is essential that follicular neoplasm continue to be part of our diagnostic repertoire. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:525–528. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atypical parakeratotic spires and HCII HPV results: Correlation in liquid‐based cervicovaginal cytology specimens interpreted as ASC‐US
Authors: Kubba Lena A. , Patel Kumud , Du Hongyan , Hahn Elizabeth A. , Sturgis Charles D.
Published: July 2007

The 2001 Bethesda System (2nd edition) indicates that parakeratosis with nuclear enlargement, hyperchromasia, irregular contours, and/or three dimensionality should prompt consideration of an interpretation of ASC‐US or greater. The authors retrospectively reviewed 812 liquid‐based cervicovaginal cytology samples (CVCSs) interpreted as ASC‐US during an 11‐month period. All slides were studied for the presence or absence of atypical parakeratotic spires (APKSs), a specific form of atypical parakeratosis. Results from corresponding Hybrid Capture II high risk (HR) HPV testing were recorded (blinded). Of 812 women, 28% (230/812) had APKSs and 20% (163/812) had positive HCII assays for HR HPV. Three percent of all reflexed ASC‐US vials (26/812) had both APKSs and positive HR HPV assays (sensitivity = 16%, specificity = 69%). APKSs in liquid‐based CVCSs interpreted as ASC‐US do not independently correlate to a positive reflex test for HR HPV (P < 0.0001). This suggests that APKSs are most often unrelated to underlying HR HPV infection. The finding of APKSs alone in CVCSs does not warrant an interpretation of SIL and should be used only in concert with other findings to label a sample as ASC‐US. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:476–481. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple amyloidomas in an HIV patient presented as inguinal and mediastuinal masses: A case report diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Lau Stephen K. , Shiran Shelly I. , Tadros Talaat S.
Published: July 2007

Systemic amyloidosis can occur rarely as multiple masses with replacement of lymph nodes, causing lymphadenopathy and potentially mimicking neoplasms. We report a case of multiple amyloidomas in the inguinal lymph nodes and mediastinum in a 30‐yr‐old HIV positive woman with remote history of high grade dysplasia. Abundant amorphous material was obtained on fine‐needle aspiration, making metastatic squamous cell carcinoma with abundant keratin a potential differential diagnosis. The prudent use of special stains such as Congo red, crystal violet, and immunohistochemical stains for keratin and kappa and beta light chains can be invaluable in helping to clarify the diagnosis. In patients with chronic inflammation, amyloidomas must be considered in the differential diagnosis of mass lesions so the appropriate work‐up can be undertaken to minimize this potential pitfall. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:505–507. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organoiridium Quinolinolate Complexes: Synthesis, Structures, Thermal Stabilities and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Kappaun Stefan , Eder Sabrina , Sax Stefan , Mereiter Kurt , List Emil J. W. , Slugovc Christian
Published: July 2007

The syntheses, solid‐state structures, thermal properties and photophysics of a series of heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes with phenylpyridine as the cyclometalating ligands and quinolinolates are reported. The title compounds were formed by reaction of di‐μ‐chloro‐tetrakis[κ2(C2,N)‐2‐phenylpyridine]diiridium(III) with the corresponding 8‐hydroxyquinolines in 56 to 86 % yield. The crystal structures of two of the complexes have been determined. Both complexes show the two carbon ligands in a cis disposition and the 2‐phenylpyridine nitrogen atoms in a trans disposition. Assessment of the thermal stabilities of the compounds revealed huge differences depending on the substituents on the quinolinolato ligand. Most complexes are poor emitters in solution, in films and in OLEDs. Substitution of the quinolinolato ligand with electron‐withdrawing functional groups in the 5‐position caused additional absorption features in the visible region facilitating the finding of appropriate host materials for OLEDs and gave emission properties governed by the quinolinolato ligand.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Distribution of erosion across bedrock channels
Authors: Turowski Jens M. , Hovius Niels , Meng‐Long Hsieh , Lague Dimitri , Men‐Chiang Chen
Published: July 2007

Lateral erosion in bedrock rivers is an important control on the shape of channel cross‐sections, and the coupling of channels and hillslopes. Recent observations link lateral erosion to the variability of flow. We propose two mechanisms to explain this. One is based on changing shear stress distributions within the channel with varying flood level, the other on the competition between cover and tool effects in fluvial bedrock erosion. We assess these processes for the Liwu River, Taiwan, and conclude that cover and tool effects dominate the partitioning of lateral and vertical erosion in this case. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In a model of immunoglobulin heavy‐chain (IGH)/MYCtranslocation, theIgh3′ regulatory region inducesMYCexpression at the immature stage of B cell development
Authors: Yan Yi , Park Sung Sup , Janz Siegfried , Eckhardt Laurel A.
Published: July 2007

Reciprocal translocations involving the immunoglobulin loci and the cellular oncogeneMYCare hallmark mutations of the human postgerminal center B cell neoplasm, Burkitt's lymphoma. They are occasionally found in other B cell lymphomas, as well. Translocations involving the heavy chain locus (IGH) place theMYCgene either in cis with both the intronic enhancer Eμ and theIGH3′ regulatory region (3′RR) or in cis with only the 3′RR. The result is deregulatedMYCexpression. Recent studies have led to some controversy as to when, during B lymphocyte development,IGH/MYCchromosome translocations take place. A related issue, relevant not only to lymphoma development but also to normal controls onIGHgene expression, is the stage, during B lymphocyte development, at which the 3′RR is capable of activatingMYCexpression. We have developed mice transgenic for a humanMYC(hMYC) gene under control of the four core enhancers from the mouseIgh3′RR. Unlike other transgenic mouse models where premature and inappropriate MYC expression disrupts normal B cell development, the hMYCtransgene in these studies carries a mutation that prohibits MYC protein synthesis. As a result, hMYCexpression can be analyzed in all of the normal B cell compartments. Our data show that hMYCis expressed almost exclusively in B‐lineage cells and is induced to high levels as soon as bone marrow cells reach the immature B cell stage. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is waiting‐time prioritisation welfare improving?
Authors: Gravelle Hugh , Siciliani Luigi
Published: July 2007

Rationing by waiting time is commonly used in health care systems with zero or low money prices. Some systems prioritise particular types of patient and offer them lower waiting times. We investigate whether prioritisation is welfare improving when the benefit from treatment is the sum of two components, one of which is not observed by providers. We show that positive prioritisation (shorter waits for patients with higher observable benefit) is welfare improving if the mean observable benefit of the patients who are indifferent about receiving the treatment is smaller than the mean observable benefit of the patients who receive the treatment. This is true (a) if the distribution of the unobservable benefit is uniform for any distribution of the observable benefit; or (b) if the distribution of the observable benefit is uniform and the distribution of the unobservable benefit is log‐concave. We also show that prioritisation is never welfare increasing if and only if the distribution of unobservable benefit is negative exponential. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship between soil moisture of near surface and multiple depths of the root zone under heterogeneous land uses and varying hydroclimatic conditions
Authors: Mahmood Rezaul , Hubbard Kenneth G.
Published: July 2007

This paper presents an assessment of the relationship between near‐surface soil moisture (SM) and SM at other depths in the root zone under three different land uses: irrigated corn, rainfed corn and grass. This research addresses the question whether or not near‐surface SM can be used reliably to predict plant available root zone SM and SM at other depths. For this study, a realistic soil‐water energy balance process model is applied to three locations in Nebraska representing an east‐to‐west hydroclimatic gradient in the Great Plains. The applications were completed from 1982 through to 1999 at a daily time scale. The simulated SM climatologies are developed for the root zone as a whole and for the five layers of the soil profile to a depth of 1·2 m.

Over all, the relationship between near‐surface SM (0–2·5 cm) and plant available root zone SM is not strong. This applies to all land uses and for all locations. For example, r estimates range from 0·02 to 0·33 for this relationship. Results for near‐surface SM and SM of several depths suggest improvement in r estimates. For example, these estimates range from − 0·19 to 0·69 for all land uses and locations. It was clear that r estimates are the highest (0·49–0·69) between near‐surface and the second layer (2·5–30·5 cm) of the root zone. The strength of this type of relationship rapidly declines for deeper depths. Cross‐correlation estimates also suggest that at various time‐lags the strength of the relationship between near‐surface SM and plant available SM is not strong. The strength of the relationship between SM modulation of the near surface and second layer over various time‐lags slightly improves over no lags. The results suggest that use of near‐surface SM for estimating SM at 2·5–30 cm is most promising. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.