bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topological Optimization of Microstructure of Adhesives under Thermal and Mechanical Loads
Authors: Bodyagina K. S. , Pavlov S. P.
Published: January 2020

The paper presents a mathematical model and method for solving a wide class of problems in topological optimization of an adhesive joint to obtain an optimal microstructure and gradient properties in order to reduce the level of stresses arising from both thermal and mechanical loads therein.

Adhesive joints have advantages over alternative bonding methods. The paper shows that the introduction of graduating properties in thickness or along the adhesive layer is the most promising strategy to optimize the adhesive. The approach is to modify the material properties or the geometry of the adhesive, varying along the joint.

In all the papers known to authors, the shape of the elements to be joined, or the shape and location of the adhesive layer, were subject to optimization. The topological optimization methods to determine the optimal distribution / change of the gradient properties of the adhesive layer itself were not used.

In the paper, the stresses arising in the solder joints are analyzed; it is shown that due to the small solder thickness, shear stresses are basic in it. The shear stresses are concentrated near the ends of the solder, and have the lowest values in the middle. The objective of the optimization problem is to reduce the peak values of the shear and peeling stresses in the solder layer. The topological optimization of the solder microstructure is to find the best distribution of a given amount of solder in the region in order to reach minimum peak values of stresses. The advantage of using topological optimization is that the microstructure of the solder should not be known a priori, and, thus, any designs can be optimized without first studying the effect of the original geometric parameters on the strength of the joint.

The algorithm is implemented using the finite element method and the method of movable asymptotes. A number of examples are considered in order to obtain the solder microstructure to be optimal for reducing the peak values of shear stresses and delamination in a three-layer package.

The results show that optimal microstructures significantly reduce peak stresses compared to a uniform layer. The obtained results reveal the potential of the developed algorithm and show that it can find practical use.
Mathematical Modeling-based Analysis from the Great Patriotic War Events
Authors: Neustroev S. S. , Serdyukov V. I. , Serdyukova N. A. , Shishkina S. I.
Published: January 2020

When fighting against terrorism in modern armed conflicts, combat vehicles, including tanks, are widely used. To minimise own losses of vehicles and personnel for overthrowing enemy is a relevant task. To solve it, the paper considers certain events in the history of the Great Patriotic War, which are associated with battle of tanks that spring an ambush. A mathematical model of the battle is built. The state graph of the system is given. Using this graph, a probability of tank kills and a ratio of mathematical expectations of losses have been calculated. This mathematical model generalizes the models, previously published in this journal, based on the Markov chain apparatus. The paper gives an example of calculations for this model in the particular case in which experimental data are used as a basis. The ratios of mathematical expectations of losses of the warring parties are obtained. Further, we consider the mathematical models, in which it is assumed that probabilities for tank crews to provide operations of targets detection in firing are known. With technology development and its mathematical support it becomes increasingly more real. The formulas to obtain the probability of tank kills are given according to the graph of states using the known probabilities of transition from one state to another. In each of the three mathematical models under consideration there is a graph of the system state, which allows calculation of the tank kills probability. We have analysed the models to prove a significant dependence of the loss ratio of the warring parties on the number of firing positions used by the tank in ambush in case re-siting is unnoticeable for the enemy. The authors-considered models that use the examples of historical events confirm that the tactics of organising and conducting ambushes in tank battles can be successfully used nowadays, when the technology intensiveness of the opposing forces significantly grows. The obtained results can be applied to organise and conduct tank ambushes in modern armed conflicts and fight against terrorist army.
Kinetic Methods for Solving Unsteady Problems with Jet Flows
Authors: Frolova A. A. , Titarev V. A.
Published: January 2020

The study of nonstationary rarefied gas flows is currently paid much attention. Such interest to these problems is caused by the creation of pulsed jets used for the deposition of thin films and special coatings on solid surfaces. However the problems of nonstationary rarefied gas flows have not been studied sufficiently fully because of their large computational complexity. In this paper the computational aspects of investigating the nonstationary flows of a reflected gas from a wall and flowing through a suddenly formed gap is considering. The objective of this study is to analyze the possible numerical kinetic approaches for solving such nonstationary problems and to identify the difficulties encountered in solving.

When studying the gas flows in strong rarefaction regimes one should consider the Boltzmann kinetic equation, but its numerical implementation is rather laborious. In order  to use more simple approaches based for example on approximation kinetic equations (Ellipsoidal-Statistical model,  Shakhov model), it is important to estimate the difference of the solutions of the model equations and the Boltzmann equation. For this purpose two auxiliary problems are considered: reflection of the gas flow from the wall and outflow of the free jet into the rarefied background gas. Numerical solution of these problems shows a weak dependence of the solution on the type of the collision operator in the rarefied region, but a strong dependence on the velocity grid step . The detailed velocity grid is necessary to avoid non-monotonous behavior of macroparameters caused by the “ray effect”. To reduce numerical costs on detailed grid a hybrid method based on the synthesis of model equation and the Boltzmann equation is proposed. Such approach can be promising since it reduces the domain in which the Boltzmann collision integral should be used.

The results presented in this paper were obtained using two different software packages Unified Flow Solver (UFS) [13] and Nesvetay 3D [14-15]. Note that UFS uses the discrete ordinate method for velocity space on a uniform grid and a hierarchical adaptive mesh refinement in physical space.  The possibility of calculating both the Boltzmann equation and model equations is realized. The Nesvetay 3D complex was created to solve the Shakhov model equation, (S-model)  and makes it possible to calculate on non-structured non uniform grids in velocity and  physical spaces.

Translated from Russian. Original text: Mathematics and Mathematical Modeling. 2018. no. 4. Pp. 27-44.
Interprofessional Education digital implementation
Authors: Burcio-Martin Victorio
Published: January 2020

Interprofessional Education digital implementation

Case Study (20mins + 10minsQ&A) 

Keywords: Interprofessional teaching, Digital implementation.

In 2017, AUT rolled out a new initiative called the Interprofessional Learning Zone (ILZ). ILZ is a central, student-driven programme that provides all clinical students (regardless of the programme they are enrolled in) with an opportunity to study and learn together (Flood, 2017) – student enrolments will total to over 1000 in a year. ILZ is a self-select programme, where students volunteer and complete ILZ units to get extra credits and recognition. ILZ as such is not a formal qualification, rather a ‘clinical passport’ that provides the students with industry relevant knowledge and understanding with a key focus on enabling a shared understanding of clinical practices (Floyd & Morrison, 2014).

ILZ being student-driven means the learning path and process in the programme is determined by the students. The students enrol and complete learning tasks and activities according to the time they have and their learning needs. 

The student-driven nature of the programme created significant challenges when it came to evaluating the use of technologies that could help facilitate the course. It was uncertain how many students would enrol and complete a unit of study in ILZ. This created significant pedagogical issues, such as if a group of students enrolled to undertake an ILZ unit how would bookings for the simulation labs be handled? In particular, the system needed to ensure a mix of students from all disciplines to create opportunities for interprofessional learning.

This presentation will provide an overview of the evaluative and design processes that informed the choice of the technology in ILZ – discussing similar issues as above encountered over a period of time.

References

 Flood, B. (2017). Toward a spirit of interprofessional practice: A hermeneutic phenomenological study Thesis type: Doctoral Thesis. Auckland University of Technology. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/10776

Floyd, A., & Morrison, M. (2014). Exploring identities and cultures in inter-professional education and collaborative professional practice. Studies in Continuing Education, 36(1), 38–53. http://doi.org/10.1080/0158037X.2013.783472
Conditional cash transfers in Brazil, Chile and Mexico: Impacts upon inequality
Authors: Soares Sergei , Guerreiro Osório Rafael , Veras Soares Fábio , Medeiros Marcelo , Zepeda Eduardo
Published: January 2020

We decompose changes in the Gini coefficient to investigate whether the Conditional Cash Tranfers (CCT) have had an inequality reducing effect in three Latin American countries: Brasil, Mexico and Chile. We conclude that CCT programs helped reducing inequality between the mid-1990s and the mid-2000s. The share of total income represented by the CCTs is very small, less than 1%. But as their targeting is outstanding, the equalising impact of CCTs was responsible for about 21% of the fall in Brazilian and Mexican inequality figures In Chile the effect was responsible for around 15% of the reduction.
La deuda de América Latina: "creo que ya no estamos en Kansas"
Authors: Díaz Alejandro Carlos F.
Published: January 2020

no disponible
Sobre la variedad de productos de exportación de México
Authors: Ito Tadashi
Published: January 2020

Se examina la evolución de la variedad de las exportaciones de bienes de México con datos desagregados de comercio. Tanto los resultados de las estimaciones basadas en los datos sin procesar, como aquellos obtenidos con base en datos procesados de acuerdo con la versión mejorada de la metodología de Feenstra y Kee (2004, 2007), que se propone en este artículo, indican que el Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN) no ha provocado un aumento de la variedad de los productos exportados por México. Este resultado contrasta con la asociación positiva entre el TLCAN y la variedad exportadora encontrada en trabajos previos.
La estructura del poder político y la redistribución en economías con múltiples gobiernos
Authors: Ponce Rodríguez Raúl A. , Kochi Ikuho , Gutiérrez Casas Luis E.
Published: January 2020

Para economías con múltiples gobiernos, el esfuerzo y efectividad de la redistribución pública depende de la estructura política de la federación. El gobierno central determina el grado de redistribución pública; las preferencias y el salario de los votantes que controlan, respectivamente, al gobierno central y gobiernos sub-nacionales determinan si la redistribución del ingreso es efectiva en redistribuir el bienestar. En este artículo identificamos condiciones en las que la interacción entre el gobierno central y gobiernos sub-nacionales conduce a una asignación Pareto superior en la redistribución del ingreso.
Democracias precarias, negociación política y depredación selectiva
Authors: Cendales Andrés , James Mora Jhon
Published: January 2020

Se demuestra que una democracia precaria, en el nivel local, perjudica a los pobres antes que favorecerlos siempre que el partido en el gobierno, como una organización altamente informal, albergue a carteles de patrones políticos y empresarios. El alcalde no tiene la capacidad de gobernar libremente respecto a los controles o vetos ejercidos por esos actores colectivos, a los cuales pertenece, y que, al no haber sido elegidos democráticamente, tienen como objetivo co-optar el Estado en el nivel subnacionalmediante la violación de derechos y libertades civiles, en jornadas electorales y delitos contra la administración pública durante el periodo que gobierna.
Internacionalización y creación de nuevos productos y procesos en la industria manufacturera mexicana
Authors: Meza González Liliana
Published: January 2020

Se intenta entender la relación que guarda en un país en desarrollo la internacionalización de una empresa con la innovación, definida ésta como la generación de nuevos productos y procesos. Se toma como base una muestra de 2 285 empresas manufactureras mexicanas para el periodo 2008-2009. A través de un análisis econométrico este trabajo aporta a la literatura existente y concluye que después de controlar por el tamaño de la empresa, su esfuerzo innovador y el grado de concentración de la industria, ser exportador promueve la generación de nuevos procesos e innovaciones para el mundo; la inversión extranjera directa favorece innovaciones a nivel mundial; en tanto que las importaciones no promueven la actividad innovadora y ser maquilador inhibe todo tipo de innovación en producto y en proceso.
Las demandas de factores productivos en la industria maquiladora
Authors: Ibarra Salazar Jorge , García Pérez Francisco
Published: January 2020

Se estiman las demandas de factores de la industria maquiladora con base en una función de producción que no impone restricciones de separabilidad y/o sustitución entre los factores productivos (función translog). Empleamos datos que combinan series de tiempo anuales (1990–2006) con corte transversal de nueve sectores económicos. Se encontró que: la elasticidad precio–directa de la demanda de mano de obra es en promedio ligeramente mayor a uno en valor absoluto (-1.03), la de materiales es menor a uno en valor absoluto (-0.506) y la elasticidad precio–directa del capital es mayor a uno en valor absoluto (-2.21).
¿Subvencionar o gravar la educación? Una nota sobre la brecha de calidad y las finanzas gubernamentales
Authors: Flores Curiel Daniel
Published: January 2020

En este artículo se estudian los efectos de un impuesto (o subsidio) a la educación en la brecha de calidad entre escuelas públicas y privadas y las finanzas gubernamentales. Para lo anterior, se desarrolla un modelo en el que una escuela privada elige precio y calidad con el fin de competir con una escuela pública. Entre otras cosas, se encuentra que un impuesto (o subsidio) unitario puede incrementar (reducir) la brecha de calidad y empeorar (mejorar) las finanzas gubernamentales.
El ciclo económico de la productividad y su relación con el ciclo político en México, 1993.1 - 2014.4
Authors: Germán-Soto Vicente , Gámez Garza Cesáreo
Published: January 2020

La teoría del ciclo político-económico (CPE) sostiene que las economías se ven favorablemente influenciadas en el último año de administración política y tienden a desacelerarse en el primer año. Para investigar esta hipótesis se analiza el ciclo de la productividad de las industrias manufactureras de México durante 1993.1-2014.4. Los resultados desde modelos dinámicos indican que la fuerza de la productividad es relativamente menor en los trimestres 1 y 4, lo que se relaciona con el ciclo político, ya que también la elasticidad cae en los trimestres del primer año de gobierno y se incrementa en el último.
Un análisis de la evolución de la pobreza multidimensional en la infancia y adolescencia en Uruguay entre 2006 y 2014
Authors: Colacce Maira , Tenenbaum Victoria
Published: January 2020

Con base en la metodología de Alkire y Foster se busca construir, bajo un enfoque multidimensional de la pobreza, un indicador de pobreza en niños, niñas y adolescentes en Uruguay para el periodo 2006-2014 que permita identificar las privaciones por grupos y dimensiones en el tiempo. Lo que posibilita observar cómo reaccionan las dimensiones no monetarias del bienestar en un contexto de fuerte crecimiento de los ingresos. Los resultados muestran que el índice presenta una reducción menos pronunciada que la pobreza monetaria y un estancamiento en los últimos dos años. Las dimensiones que más lo explican son confort y educación.
Reformas multilaterales sobre comercio y medio ambiente en una economía abierta y contaminada
Authors: Gallegos David Alberto
Published: January 2020

Este artículo presenta reformas que mejoran el bienestar de una economía abierta y contaminada con el objeto de disminuir las distorsiones que se originan del uso de aranceles e impuestos a la contaminación. Con un modelo de equilibrio general en el que dos bienes finales se producen utilizando un insumo contaminante, la economía doméstica elige aranceles e impuestos a la contaminación de manera óptima. El efecto términos de intercambio es clave para identificar que el libre comercio e impuestos a la contaminación no nulos son la dirección que las reformas multilaterales toman para mejorar el bienestar económico.
Oferta laboral colectiva con niños y no participación: evidencia para México
Authors: Sarmiento Espinel Jaime Andrés , Van Gameren Edwin
Published: January 2020

Se amplía el modelo colectivo de comportamiento de un hogar para considerar tanto el consumo público como la no participación laboral. La identificación de las preferencias individuales y la regla de reparto, mediante la observación de la oferta laboral individual y el gasto total en el bien público, se basan en la existencia de un factor de distribución y salarios únicos de reserva para cada adulto, ambos indiferentes entre participar o no. Con una muestra de familias nucleares mexicanas la racionalidad colectiva no es rechazada. No se encontró evidencia que empoderar a las madres sea la opción más beneficiosa para los niños.
Una nota sobre la ponderación del índice de privación social de México
Authors: Sáenz Vela Hada Melissa , Gutiérrez Flores Luis , Minor Campa Enrique Eliseo
Published: January 2020

En México, la pobreza multidimensional considera dos espacios: ingresos y derechos sociales. El segundo considera al índice de privación social, que es la suma igualmente ponderada de seis variables dicotómicas y señala el número de carencias padecidas por cada individuo. Se realiza un análisis con componentes principales categóricos para verificar si la ponderación actual requiere adecuarse con datos estadísticos; se encuentra redundancia entre las variables asociadas a los servicios de salud, así como entre las de vivienda. Se concluye que es necesario redefinir algunas carencias y sugerir una reponderación al índice, lo cual puede mejorar la medición de pobreza multidimensional.
Una nota sobre el crecimiento de México
Authors: Ize Alain
Published: January 2020

Con base en una descomposición contable del crecimiento basada en elasticidades, esta nota identifica el insuficiente dinamismo exportador y la inercia de una economía segmentada como razones centrales del lento crecimiento económico de México. Elevar el dinamismo de las exportaciones sin exacerbar fricciones proteccionistas requeriría una mayor orientación hacia productos novedosos o con demandas más elásticas. Esto implicaría un salto hacia la economía del conocimiento, una mayor exportación de servicios personales y un México más atractivo para las personas, es decir, colocar el fortalecimiento del Estado de derecho y la preservación del patrimonio ecológico y turístico en el centro de la agenda de política.
Obesidad y el mercado de trabajo en México
Authors: Campos-Vazquez Raymundo M. , Nuñez Roy
Published: January 2020

La obesidad tiene un impacto adverso no solo en la salud, sino también en el mercado de trabajo. Con base en información antropométrica y el índice de masa corporal (IMC), analizamos los efectos de la obesidad sobre el empleo y los salarios de los mexicanos entre los 20 y 60 años. Se utilizó el IMC de los hijos como variable instrumental para el IMC de sus padres. Los resultados muestran que para los hombres el IMC no afecta a estas variables. Para las mujeres, un incremento en una desviación estándar en el IMC está asociado con una pérdida del 16% en los salarios por hora. Estos hallazgos son robustos a distintas especificaciones.
Estimaciones del PIB mensual en México basadas en el IGAE
Authors: Elizondo Rocio
Published: January 2020

Se presentan tres métodos para estimar el PIB mensual en México: (1) una aproximación determinística; (2) una extensión del método de Denton; y, (3) el filtro de Kalman. En dichos métodos el PIB mensual es una variable no observable que se aproxima utilizando únicamente al IGAE. Los tres métodos muestran un buen ajuste a los datos observados del PIB trimestral dentro de la muestra, con errores promedio de ajuste como máximo de 0.1%. Adicionalmente, dada la estructura dinámica del método de filtro de Kalman y que sus parámetros permanecen relativamente estables bajo diferentes periodos de estimación, se utilizó este para realizar pronósticos fuera de la muestra.
EXPLANATION OF VOCATIONAL MUHKAM MUTASYABIH AND THE EXISTENCE OF MUHKAM WA MUTASYABIH
Authors: Nurzanah Nisa , Hasbiyallah Hasbiyallah , Maslani Maslani
Published: January 2020

We as Muslims are inseparable from the learning of the Holy Qur'an, because the Qur'an is the first and foremost source and legal basis. Therefore, the Qur'an is from various aspects. In reading the Koran there is also a verse called muhkam and mutasyabih. This research method uses a literature study, the author reads references from several literations, which are finally made as additional knowledge for the author. Wisdom verse muhkam means to facilitate the knowledge and purpose of the verse so that it is easy to practice the implementation of its teachings. The wisdom of the verse Mutasyabih is to add merit, because with so many verses it requires help and effort in expressing its intentions.
IMPLEMENTATION OF RELIGIOUS CHARACTER EDUCATION IN STUDENTS THROUGH TAHFIDZ QUR'AN ACTIVITIES WITH TSAQIFA METHOD IN MUHAMMADIYAH VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 3 SURAKARTA
Authors: Alfaridzi Muhammad Amir , Jafitri Khabihiz , Purwanti Oksita
Published: January 2020

This study aims are to describe (1) Application of tahsin and tahfidz activities with Tsaqifa method in learning the Qur’an at Muhammadiyah vocational high School 3 Surakarta. (2) Supporting and inhibiting factors of the application of the Tsaqifa method, and (3) Results in the activities of tahsin and tahfidz of the Qur’an using the Tsaqifa method. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Sources of data in this study were teachers, students, and the learning process of the Qur’an subjects at Muhammadiyah vocational high School 3 Surakarta. The object of this study is the result of the teaching methods used by teachers in learning the Qur’an. Data collection uses interview, observation, and documentation techniques. The inhibiting factors are the large number of Qur’an reading skills still stammering, lack of interest in learning the Qur’an, and lack of infrastructure. Supporting factors namely internal factors are factors that arise from students themselves, and external factors namely family, institutional, and school environment. To overcome each problem or inhibiting factors are still being studied to find the right solution.
THE RELATION OF TINA NGATA’S MATRIARCHATE ROLE IN SPIRITUAL ECOFEMINISM PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Nisbah Nisbah
Published: January 2020

The perspective approach of Spiritual Ecofeminism in studying the role of women in indigenous communities is a limited study. The role of Tina Ngata as subjects is set up, maintain and manage the entire social activity in relation between human and human and between human and nature to show the existence of women as the center and core of life in relation of matriarchal role. The role and position of Tina Ngata as guardians of the Katuwua and Hintuwua values in the MHA Kulawi or Sintuvu Posarara values in the Kaili tribe is a manifestation of concern for nature so that there will be ecological sustainability and the continued availability of natural resources that support the needs of human life. Tina Ngata in carrying out her social functions with the strength of leadership, wisdom, talents, authority and charisma is needed to maintain and manage the relationship between each individual member of the community in social life. Philosophically, the role of Tina Ngata devotes herself to maintaining social life with a sense of caring and commitment in overcoming social problems and the ability to maintain the balance of nature in managing nature (forests) and the social environment is the interpretation of universal goals as affirmed in the perspective of ecofeminism spirituality.
Innovative Hydraulic Tractor Allows for Stimulation of Large Diameter Open Hole Multi-Lateral ERD Wells
Authors: Guiza M. , Bautista O. D. , French A. , Moore N. B.
Published: January 2020

In multi-lateral Extended Reach Drilling (ERD) wells in an onshore field, accessing large open hole laterals with coiled tubing (CT) requires the use of additional enabling technology to achieve the objectives for stimulating the entire open hole. Overcoming current limitations with downhole tractors, resulted in the development and field use of a hydraulic tractor for large diameter holes. The new tractor was deployed on CT in between drilling each lateral, leaving the whipstock in place, allowing the CT to reach target depth (TD) in multiple laterals for stimulation operations.

A development project yielded a new generation of hydraulic tractor for large diameter holes (3.5-inch collapsed OD to 12.0-inch expanded OD) for a high pulling force used for interventions. Exhaustive shop, yard, and flow loop testing verified the tractor’s ability to reliably pull in large diameter open hole. Based on the stimulation requirements in the field, strategic planning of CT operations in-between drilling laterals with the whipstock in place and the use of the new tractor technology, two multi-lateral wells were successfully stimulated reaching extended depths in all wellbore laterals. The appropriate planning, tool development and execution, allowed the company to overcome the challenges in these kinds of wells, achieving the goals and objectives for the field.

A highly creative design process created and verified that the new generation tractor operates seamlessly with inch-worm-like motion of the hydraulic tractor, which is powered by the differential pressure of the intervention fluid. The Tractor grips the hole with three gripping elements allowing pulling forces up to 9000+lbs. Shop and Flow Loop testing verified that the gripper automaticallylifts and centers itself in the hole, thereby providing excellent traction. The tool was used in two field demonstrations with multiple runs in the 8-1/2-inch diameter open hole main bore and laterals.

The novelty of this technology lies in the successful operation of a tractor in multi-lateral wells that produces over 9,000 lbs. pulling force, collapses to 3-1/2- inch outside diameter, and operates in 8-1/2 to 12-inch diameter open hole. Intervention engineers have a new tool in their toolbox that allows access for stimulation and intervention into large diameter long horizontal wells that was previously unachievable.
Clay Typing from Downhole Array Electromagnetic Measurements
Authors: Zhang Ping , Abdallah Wael , Ma Shouxiang , Liu Chengbing
Published: January 2020

The amount and type of clays in reservoirs have a significant impact on formation evaluation and reservoir performance studies. Currently, clay typing requires either reservoir cores for laboratory analysis or advanced logs such as elemental spectral mineralogy logs, both are available in only a small fraction of wells drilled. In this study, we will explore a possibility of using commonly measured logs to estimate clay volumes. Specifically, the logs used for the study are formation resistivity (RT), total porosity (PHIT) and gamma ray (GR). Since there are no known relationships relating these logs with clay volume, machine learning has been used for data analysis and parameter prediction. This is followed by exploring the possibilities of using array induction resistivity measurements to classify clay types downhole.

An important property of clay minerals is their ability to adsorb ions on their exposed surface, which is measured by its cation exchange capacity (CEC). We have developed a method of using induction resistivity data to extract CEC downhole and displayed as depth profiles. There are four major types of clays commonly encountered in the oil fields: Kaolinite, Chlorite, Illite, and Smectite, with their CEC values ranging from low to high. Since each type of clay has its own CEC value, thus a synthetic CEC depth profile for any clay can be constructed if its volume fraction is known. On the other hand, CEC derived from the downhole resistivity data represents the combined effects of all the clay types presented in the formation being surveyed. By comparing the resistivity-based CEC profile with the synthetic ones, it is possible to define a volume fraction for each clay type, for the purpose of clay typing.

On the other hand, based on a previous developed method, total CEC representing the combined effects of all clays can be extracted from induction resistivity logs. By comparing the resistivity-based measured total CEC with the synthetic type curves, clay typing from downhole induction resistivity measurement is achieved. A workflow is developed for the application.

The proposed methodology was tested on the logs from six wells. The results indicated that RT, PHIT and GR logs have strong correlations with clay volume and the model trained with these logs could be used to predict clay volumes for blind datasets. The workflow for clay typing was tested on the logs from two wells with positive results.
A Flexible NGL Recovery Process for Shale Gas Production
Authors: Aljazzar Ghaith , Graham Curt , Lynch Bryant , Devone Sabrina
Published: January 2020

Shale gas characteristics and operation are different than conventional gas. A shale gas plant is typically smaller in capacity ranging from as low as 15 MMSCFD to the typical 200 MMSCFD cryogenic train size. The main challenges are the unpredictable gas compositions and flow rates during the development stage, which makes liquid recovery difficult. These uncertainties are challenges for a traditional cryogenic plant which is designed for a specific range of feed gas flow and compositions.

Shale gas compositions are richer in hydrocarbon liquids with ethane plus content ranging from 6 to 10+ GPM. Ethane is a valuable feedstock for petrochemical production, but ethane prices are unattractive in today’s environment. Most gas plants are operating in ethane rejection, resulting in a loss of propane revenue. To maintain propane recovery during ethane rejection, the refrigerated reflux category of NGL recovery technologies (e.g. Fluor’s Deep Dewpointing Process, DDP) has been developed to fully reject ethane while recovering 95% plus propane. The typical refrigerated reflux process is a refrigerated, non-expander process that can be turned down to as low as 4:1. The process can be operated in ethane recovery with minimal changes to the process to recover up to 60% ethane. The DDP process can also be enhanced to recover 95% ethane with additional compression. This technology has been proven in successfully operation in several installations.

Presently, Fluor and Joule Processing are leveraging the versatility of the refrigerated reflux process by productizing the proven and patented DDPSM version of this technology in the form of an "equipment kit". These equipment kits will offer a relatively small modular footprint to reduce installed cost and accelerated factory lead-time to shorten the overall EPC schedule.

This paper discusses the design, costs and economics of the DDP process for a typical shale gas plant, and the methodology to switch from propane recovery to 60% ethane recovery during normal operation, and to high ethane recovery with the bolt-on design. Key design challenges from an operating DDP unit are also detailed.
Lessons Learned From Tubing Leaks in ESP Completion at Offshore Field
Authors: Al-Dhafeeri Abdullah M. , A. Al-Sdeiri Saad , Fouad Abo Zkery Shebl , Ade Hyrliyan
Published: January 2020

Offshore field was producing sweet crude oil by natural flow and gas lift since 1988. However, due to the limitation of gas supply in gas lift wells for offshore field and based on the field development study, a decision was made to install Electric Submersible Pumps (ESP) in offshore field as an artificial lift method to achieve Maximum Sustainable Capacity (MSC). Therefore, a first ESP installation in offshore field was taken place in October 2005 as recommended by reservoir management team. During ESP project, KJO faced challenges related to the monitoring program and to the operation efficiency in order to maximize the ESP run life and to reduce the production interruption.

Based on monitoring programs and maintenance inspection on installed ESP wells, it was indicated that the majority of ESP failures occurred due to tubing leaks. Therefore, 20% of workover jobs for ESP wells were candidates because of tubing leaks. The paper will focus more on several field cases of ESP wells which were suffered from tubing leaks. The evaluation results based on empirical method, in which five (5) ESP wells had similar completion configuration and underperformance symptom. Challenges, methodology, work schedule, risk assessment, lesson learned and findings will be discussed.

The monitoring programs and maintenance inspection on installed ESP wells resulted on great deal of benefits, which are related to maximize the ESP run life and avoid ESP premature failures to improve the operation efficiency in order to sustained maximum production target.
Detecting and Treating Flowline Emulsions in Oil Wells Using Surface Temperature, Pressure, and the Application of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Esbai Rami , AlRumaidh Ahmed , Sharaf Sayed
Published: January 2020

Innovation in the analysis of oil well surface measurements has led to the discovery of an instantaneous and straightforward emulsion detection calculation. When applied in the Bahrain Field, this led to the treatment of emulsion in over 100 wells, resulting in a cumulative production gain of over 500,000 barrels to date at negligible cost. Artificial Intelligence (AI) was then employed to identify and understand factors related to emulsion and optimisation treatment programs. Once the wells were treated and the method was confirmed to prove emulsion existence, a focused approach was carried out to understand it further. Wells were categorised based on their production response to standard demulsifier bullheading.

In addition to a variety of well parameters, this data was used to build a machine learning model that helped identify patterns with regards to problematic zones, properties of wells with emulsion, and the best treatment method for each well. The results of the study were rather substantial and resulted in numerous new insights. Firstly, a model was built to predict the sustainability and economics of expected bullheading job treatments. This is currently being used to rank the priority of wells for either bullheading treatment or continuous chemical injection. Once the wells were classified into basic sub groups and sorted by zones, geographic analysis was carried out to identify wells with emulsion being formed as a result of waterflooding. This led to further insight into the nature of emulsion blocks, where in some cases, although it was found that these blocks exist downhole, traces of emulsion will flow to the surface and can have a unique signature.

This paper discusses in further detail insights into emulsion and the different types of AI algorithms used to answer questions raised as a result of the discovery. The necessity of using machine learning cannot be overstated enough and the observations made in the paper could not have been found if it were purely by observed by the naked eye.

The topic of emulsion is highly understudied, and the concept of using the emulsion detection calculation was not published before. In addition to highlighting this discovery, this paper can influence other operators to test their findings and have a real world application of machine learning in their fields.
Poisson's Ratio, Porosity and Aspect Ratio as Geomechanical Index of Shale Brittleness
Authors: Lawal Lateef , Mahmoud Mohamed
Published: January 2020

Elastic constant (stiffness or compliance) of rock has major applications in seismic analysis, rock physics, and geomechanics. However, the controversy of the elastic constant of isotropic solids is a long standing problem which challenge basic assumptions. In the early years of "mathematical theory of elasticity", only one elastic constant is used to characterize elastically isotropic solid. Much later, two independent elastic constants were introduced, as compliance coefficients (Young's Modulus E, Poisson's Ratio ) and stiffness coefficients (Lame Parameters). In recent years, the combination of elastic constants to is of paramount importance to understand brittle behaviour of the constitutive response of engineering and geological materials. In connection with shale characterization, brittleness prediction serves as a good indicator to delineate susceptible to hydraulic fracturing. However, controversy exist among researchers on what brittleness formula to apply.

For the purpose of quantitative interpretation of brittleness, we consider the classical Hooke's law and Griffith's crack theory. Based on Eshelby formulation of the elastic state of the crack inclusion and matrix and the consideration of hydrostatic compression a simple and elegant mathematical expression is derived. Experimental data is then generated to check the prediction of this relation. The quantitative measure of brittleness shows a good agreement with distribution of cracks from micro-CT images
A Successful 18%STOOIP 4-Injector Polymer Pilot Expands To 80 New Injectors In 6 Years Adopting A Modular Concept In Grimbeek Fluvial Reservoirs
Authors: Juri Juan-E , Ruiz Ana , Serrano Viviana , Guillen Paula , Thill Mercedes , Kichick Lucas , Alonso Pablo , Lucero Ariel , De Miranda Victor , Mac Donald Walter , Figueroa Emilio , Robina Nestor , Vera Maximiliano , Figueroa Emilio , Di Pauly Fernando , Rojas Walter , Ojeda Natalia
Published: January 2020

After the successful pilot (18%STOOIP incremental oil, Juri et al. 2017 and utility factor of 1,76 kg polymer/bbl) of two technologies, continuous polymer injection 0.3PV followed by high frequency water-alternate-polymer 0.3PV, a series of multiple simulations cases indicated an optimal extension of 3-year cycle -0.4 to 0.6PV- factory mode development. Despite all advantages of polymer injection, few full-field expansions emerge from many challenges in integrating multiple disciplines -lab studies, subsurface reservoir modelling, engineering, energy, procurement, logistics, storage, project management- all parties find it difficult focusing on a common goal and streamline the decision process. Because it has long been thought that the EOR road map means planning for large scale EOR. However, that is false because there are very few full-field injections. The past strategy in EOR has led to a few pilot extensions implemented. Planning for large-scale EOR suffers from having the incremental oil, uncertainty in oil price, uncertainty in economic drivers and uncertainty in technical solutions for the expansion on the same time frame, which undermines economics. What it seems to be the only way to make progress with EOR, in reality, is that EOR should align with planning for quick oil response.

We present here the steps to accelerate EOR in Grimbeek field from a 4-injectors pilot to 80 new injectors in a fast, less than 18 months deployment. We compare the capital and operating cost of multiple expansion scenarios. The scope is to accelerate EOR deployment opposite to the slow typical EOR workflow. We have seen the opportunity in accelerating the oil focusing on a simple modular strategy rather than iterating multiple possible engineering solutions to distribute the polymer across the field. NPV of the overall project is higher than the costs of delaying the injection or having to redo parts of the implementation along the deployment. Future optimisation is necessary for options of logistics, storage, in-situ skid connection and mounting along with by-pass remote control valves and remote control of skid injections. The building blocks of the strategy are containerised mobile skids containing ten pumps, polymer dispersion unit, and 30-metric ton silos. The mobile skids plug-in the waterflooding manifolds in an easy and fast connection. This injection scheme distributes polymer using the already implemented waterflooding in-situ installation. We focus on having a simple, standard and mobile system targeting fast implementation and fast oil response rather than large facilities.
A acessibilidade nos serviços de saúde sob a perspectiva da pessoa com deficiência, Recife - PE
Authors: Carvalho Maria Eduarda Lima de , Bezerra de Lima Tereza Natália , Martins de Souza Joelma Laurentino , Lago Falcão Tânia Maria , Menezes Taurino Ilka Jenifer , Terenci Andréia Patrícia , Alves Ferreira Ianne Larisse , Lucio Fernandes Deiviane , De Lucena Mayra Salgado , Cabral Julia de Lima , Dos Santos Fernanda Barbosa , Ferreira Débora Rafaela Amorim
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: Analisar as condições de acessibilidade aos serviços de saúde, vivenciadas por pessoas com deficiência, predominantemente nas unidades básicas de saúde no estado de Pernambuco.  Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza exploratória e de abordagem qualitativa. A população estudada foi formada por pessoas com algum tipo de deficiência sensorial (visual/auditiva) ou física, residentes de área coberta, usuárias ou não dos serviços de saúde. As entrevistas foram realizadas sob a anuência do entrevistado e, posteriormente, transcritos para análise. Foram entrevistados doze usuários com deficiência: o primeiro participante foi escolhido por um profissional de uma das unidades de saúde, e os demais foram definidos a partir da técnica de amostragem snowball. Resultados: A análise dos dados foi feita através da análise de discurso, cujas ideias centrais originaram duas grandes categorias: Acessibilidade aos serviços de saúde e a Rede de Cuidados a Pessoa com Deficiência. Conclusão: As limitações de acessibilidade aos serviços de saúde foram relatadas pelos entrevistados, englobando barreiras tanto físicas quanto atitudinais. Foi identificada a relevância da escuta das pessoas com deficiência para a discussão e elaboração de ações para a prática do cuidado integral à saúde de tal parcela da população.
Tratamento cirúrgico de isquemia mesentérica por rotação de raiz mesentérica espontânea – Relato de caso
Authors: Freire Marcos André Costa , Medeiros Izabela Augusta de Oliveira , De Araújo Elaine Francisca Coimbra , Justo Julia Costa , Mesquita Isadora Gomes , De Oliveira Larissa Pessoa , Said Thomás Benevides , Leão Felipe Machado Pinheiro , Rodriguez Juan Eduardo Rios
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: Relatar um caso de isquemia mesentérica aguda por rotação de raiz mesentérica espontânea sem sinais de embolia e discutir sobre as bases do diagnóstico e a importância do manejo precoce. Relato do caso: paciente do sexo masculino, 57 anos, deu entrada na urgência cirúrgica com quadro de distensão e dor abdominal há 1 dia associada a parada de eliminação de fezes e flatos. A radiografia de abdome evidenciou distensão importante de alças de delgado e presença de níveis hidroaéreos. Este foi internado para realização de laparotomia exploradora de urgência. Foi feita enterectomia, 50cm após o ângulo de Treitz até 3cm do cólon ascendente, com sinais de isquemia. Considerações Finais: O melhor método para minimizar as consequências e a taxa de morbidade é o diagnóstico precoce. Logo, deve-se buscar o aprimoramento clínico e cirúrgico tanto no pré quanto no pós-operatório a fim de obter prognóstico melhor desses pacientes.
Proposta Pedagógica de Ensino Médico na Atenção Básica: relato de experiência
Authors: Oliveira Juliana de Gregório , Mourão Lucia Cardoso , De Almeida Ana Clementina Vieira , Sol Núncio Antônio Araújo , Silva Vilma Vieira da , Carstens Lucille Annie , Corrêa Pedro Sanches
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência de aplicação de uma estratégia pedagógica para os primeiros períodos da formação médica nos serviços de saúde com foco na humanização da assistência junto à gestante. Relato da experiência: esta estratégia foi aplicada junto a dois grupos de alunos do segundo ano de graduação em Medicina, de uma universidade pública do Rio de Janeiro, no ano de 2018. Os alunos vivenciaram, na prática, quatro momentos que permitiram ampliar as reflexões sobre a humanização, a saber: consulta médica; visita domiciliar; grupos educativos e visita à maternidade. Todas as observações referentes aos momentos vivenciados pelos participantes foram registradas no diário de pesquisa da primeira autora. A utilização do diário apoiou-se nos pressupostos da Análise Institucional, que considera o diário um instrumento de coleta de dados, permitindo a análise das implicações pessoais e profissionais dos participantes com a formação médica e a humanização da assistência. Considerações Finais: como potencialidades desta experiência, destaca-se a oportunidade de os alunos vivenciarem e refletirem sobre diferentes maneiras de cuidar pautadas nos princípios da humanização. O principal desafio está na mudança de postura dos profissionais e de educadores, em suas práticas de ensino, para a formação dos futuros profissionais.