bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Road to Prosperity. Reflections on Polish Antitrust in Turbulent Times
Authors:   Polish Office of Competition and Consumer Protection (UOKiK), Polański Jan
Published: November 2023

The “end of history”, which was once speculated, did not happen. In international politics, this resulted in much turbulence, in particular in 2022. In antitrust, in turn, there is a renewed interest in discussing its goals and assessment methods. When it comes to international politics and military reforms, Poland has taken important actions to ensure that in spite of the turbulent times, it will still take further steps on the road to prosperity, on which it had embarked in 1989. Less has been said about economic policy. Yet, it is economic policy that provides a solid base for an active international policy and the creation of a prosperous society. This article constitutes part of a “scoping exercise” aimed at facilitating a debate over antitrust policy in Poland. As a discursive text, it considers a number of more technical proposals that have been made in the last few years, and highlights some systemic issues that deserve further discussion. It concludes that even if none of those issues currently attract the attention of the general public in Poland, this does not mean that no discussion should take place.
Dopuszczalne formy pomocy państwa na rzecz linii lotniczych w dobie pandemii COVID-19 (część I)
Authors:   Wydział Prawa i Administracji, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Urban-Kozłowska Jadwiga
Published: November 2023

Celem niniejszego opracowania jest przeprowadzenie krytycznej analizy stosowania dwóch rodzajów pomocy państwa, a mianowicie pomocy nadzwyczajnej (art. 107 ust. 2 lit. b) TFUE) oraz pomocy antykryzysowej (art. 107 ust. 3 lit. b) TFUE), które odgrywają kluczową rolę w procesie wspierania przewoźników lotniczych w dobie pandemii COVID-19. Pozwoli to na porównanie obu rodzajów pomocy oraz udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie o ich znaczenie i użyteczność w kontekście wspierania przewoźników lotniczych, a także szerzej innych przedsiębiorców, w trakcie zdarzeń nadzwyczajnych, takich jak COVID-19. Przesłanki każdego z tych wyłączeń zostaną omówione osobno, a rozważaniom teoretycznym będą towarzyszyć przykłady z praktyki decyzyjnej Komisji Europejskiej oraz orzecznictwa sądów unijnych. W zakresie pomocy nadzwyczajnej przeanalizowane zostaną trzy kwestie zdające się mieć szczególne znaczenie. Po pierwsze, zostanie zbadane czy pandemia COVID-19 może być uznana za zjawisko objęte zakresem zastosowania art. 107 ust. 2 lit. b) TFUE. Po drugie, zostanie przeanalizowane jakiego rodzaju szkody mogą podlegać rekompensacie na tej podstawie. Po trzecie, omówione zostaną metody ustalania wysokości należnej rekompensaty, tak by spełniała ona warunek proporcjonalności. Analiza wyłączenia dotyczącego pomocy antykryzysowej rozpocznie się od omówienia najważniejszych warunków jej dopuszczalności. Następnie szczegółowo zostanie przeanalizowana kwestia czy, oraz ewentualnie w jakich przypadkach, środek krajowy mający postać pomocy indywidualnej może zostać uznany za odpowiedni do zaradzenia poważnym zaburzeniom w gospodarce danego państwa członkowskiego. Na koniec zbadane zostaną wymogi, jakie musi spełniać dane wsparcie, by mogło zostać uznane za proporcjonalne. Przeprowadzona analiza pozwoli na ukazanie najważniejszych różnic oraz podobieństw między pomocą nadzwyczajną oraz pomocą antykryzysową. Zaprezentowane zostaną w szczególności odmienne cele, jakim te dwa rodzaje pomocy służą. Wykazane zostanie, że pomoce zarówno pomoc nadzwyczajna, jak i antykryzysowa pełnią ważną funkcję w procesie wychodzenia z trwającego obecnie kryzysu, a przyznawane w ich ramach środki wzajemnie się uzupełniają. Omówione wyłączenia od ogólnego zakazu udzielania pomocy państwa zapewniają zatem niezbędną elastyczność unijnego systemu pomocy państwa, umożliwiając państwom członkowskim dostosowywanie prowadzonej polityki gospodarczej do występujących czasami poważnych zaburzeń lub kryzysów.
Predicting the past: a philosophical critique of predictive analytics
Authors: Innerarity Daniel
Published: November 2023

If we address this topic from a conceptual and critical point of view, we need to address three issues: 1) why predictions are too often right, 2) why, at the same time, they are so often mistaken, and 3) what consequences arise from the fact that our instruments for prediction ignore at least four realities that must be true about future forecasts or at least be conscious of their limits: a) that individuals cannot be fully subsumed into categories, b) that their future behaviour tends to have unpredictable dimensions, c) that propensity is not the same as causality and d) that democratic societies must make the desire to anticipate the future compatible with respect for the open nature of the future.
La digitalización de las prisiones y el uso de la inteligencia artificial. Marcadores de última generación para la normalización del entorno penitenciario y la redefinición del proceso de resocialización
Authors: López Lorca Beatriz
Published: November 2023

El reto que supone la incorporación de las nuevas tecnologías al medio penitenciario debe abordarse desde una planificación estratégica donde se defina con claridad la visión de futuro del sistema penitenciario y sus valores esenciales. Además, han de establecerse los objetivos estratégicos y las acciones que posibilitarán su consecución. Como propuesta, en este artículo se han marcado como objetivos estratégicos una normalización efectiva y sostenible del entorno penitenciario y una reconfiguración del proceso de resocialización, estableciéndose como marcadores de última generación la digitalización de las prisiones y el uso de la inteligencia artificial. De esto se deriva que la implementación de nuevas tecnologías en el sistema penitenciario plantea oportunidades y desafíos específicos que deben ser convenientemente identificados en un diagnóstico de situación inicial para facilitar la toma de decisiones y promover el cambio en el modelo de gestión.
Credibilidad y derecho: el rol de la tecnología en la evaluación de las solicitudes de protección internacional. El caso de la ley de asilo alemana
Authors: Romano Andrea
Published: November 2023

El trabajo afronta la introducción de sistemas automatizados y de inteligencia artificial (IA) en la evaluación de la credibilidad en el ámbito de las solicitudes de protección internacional en Alemania. A estos efectos, se centra en el examen de dos instrumentos, a saber, la extracción y evaluación de los datos contenidos en los dispositivos electrónicos de los solicitantes de asilo y el análisis lingüístico realizado por un software capaz de establecer el país de origen más probable del que proceden los demandantes. A través de las respuestas de la doctrina y de la jurisprudencia alemana respecto de los instrumentos mencionados, el estudio permite observar, desde la perspectiva del derecho de asilo, la tensión constante entre el camino hacia una mejora de la objetividad y eficiencia de las decisiones en el ámbito de la Administración pública, y la tutela de los derechos fundamentales de los interesados.
Industriālo robotu viedo vadības metožu izpēte un izstrāde
Authors:   , Ārents Jānis
Published: November 2023

Promocijas darbs saistīts ar industriālo robotu viedām vadības metodēm, to lietojumiem un apmācības stratēģijām. Īpaši izceļot efektīvu datu sagatavošanu, datorredzē balstītu robotu vadību, un apmācību izmantojot demonstrācijas. Darba galvenais mērķis ir izpētīt un attīstīt jaunas metodes minētajās jomās, tādējādi uzlabojot industriālo robotu potenciālo izmantošanu darbam dinamiskā vidē, kompleksu uzdevumu efektīvai un potenciālajam galalietotājam atvieglotai izpildei. Balstoties literatūras analīzes laikā identificētajās problēmās un izaicinājumos, darbā izstrādātas un novērtētas jaunas sintētisko datu ģenerēšanas metodes izmantošanai datorredzē balstītā robotu vadībā un pieeja robotu apmācībai izmantojot cilvēku demonstrējumus.
Quantum computing with time-travelling quantum gates
Authors: Wang Can , Lu Chao-Yang , Chen Ming-Cheng ,   Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China,   Shanghai Branch CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
Published: November 2023

Quantum computing can solve problems that are difficult to solve in classical computing, expanding the range of problems that can be effectively computed within the allowable range of classical physical principles, and posing a challenge to the extended Church-Turing thesis in classical computing. Here, we discuss an interesting question: how to achieve more powerful computers by breaking through the limitations of physical principles, further enhancing the capabilities of quantum computers. To extend quantum computing, novel operations related to relativistic physics are a crucial candidate. Among them, the concept of closed time-like curve has aroused widespread interest, and it introduces the ability for time travel. Mathematically, quantum state along the closed time-like curve is determined through self-consistent equations, which has been demonstrated in simulations. Here, we consider a novel manipulation capability that allows quantum computing to achieve time-travelling quantum control gate. This is an intuitive extension of the graphical language of quantum circuits. Explaining quantum circuits as tensor networks, we first explain how to experimentally simulate the output of such a circuit in a system without time-travel capability. Then, we take an example to demonstrate an extended quantum algorithm that can efficiently solve SAT problems, indicating that with the involvement of time-travelling quantum gates, the computational complexity class P = NP. We also anticipate that the time-travelling quantum gates will play a facilitating role in accomplishing other quantum tasks, including achieving deterministic non-orthogonal quantum state discrimination, and quantum state cloning. Our results contribute to a more in-depth understanding of the relationship between computation and physical principles.
High-speed data transmission based on mode-locked optical frequency comb
Authors: Liu Qi-Hua , Mei Jia-Xue , Wang Jin-Dong , Zhang Fu-Min , Qu Xing-Hua ,   National Key Laboratory of Precision Testing Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China,   Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
Published: November 2023

With the rapid development of emerging technologies such as multimedia services, live broadcasting, video conferencing, and high-definition television, traditional radio frequency communication is unable to meet people 's growing demand for communication capacity and transmission rate. In recent years, optical communication has received extensive attention from the industrial and scientific communities due to its advantages of large bandwidth, high speed, low power consumption, light weight, and strong anti-interference ability. As an emerging light source, the optical frequency comb (OFC) has a wide spectral range, multi-wavelength, high stability, and good phase coherence, providing a new idea for studying microwave signals with simple system structure, strong tunability and high frequency stability. At the same time, the multi-optical mode characteristics of OFC are compatible with the current communication system based on wavelength division multiplexing technology. Hundreds of laser arrays in a traditional communication system can be replaced by only one laser, which greatly reduces the power consumption of the system.

Combining the above advantages, in this paper, a large-scale parallel high-speed optical communication system based on mode-locked OFC is proposed. The linewidth of the OFC locked to the rubidium atomic clock can reach 1 Hz, which is sufficient to support the transmission of high-order modulation signals. The electro-optic modulators are used to adjust the amplitude and phase of each optical mode of the mode-locked OFC and self-coherently map to the RF domain. The high-speed high-order modulation signal with coded information is obtained by frequency screening through a narrow-band filter. The communication capability of the microwave photonic modulation signal in the 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) format is verified by simulation. The 16QAM communication with the rate of 2, 6, and 14 Gbit/s is realized by using the photonic microwave signal on the 100 m space optical link, and the bit error rate (BER) is less than 10–6. The proposed large-scale parallel optical communication system based on mode-locked OFC can achieve high-speed information transmission with a compact system structure, which is suitable for inter-satellite communication, emergency communication, military communication and other fields.
Vertical transmission of maternal DNA through extracellular vesicles associates with altered embryo bioenergetics during the periconception period
Authors: Bolumar David , Moncayo-Arlandi Javier , Gonzalez-Fernandez Javier , Ochando Ana , Moreno Inmaculada , Monteagudo-Sanchez Ana , Marin Carlos , Diez Antonio , Fabra Paula , Checa Miguel Ángel , Espinos Juan José , Gardner David K. , Simon Carlos , Vilella Felipe
Published: November 2023

The transmission of DNA through extracellular vesicles (EVs) represents a novel genetic material transfer mechanism that may impact genome evolution and tumorigenesis. We aimed to investigate the potential for vertical DNA transmission within maternal endometrial EVs to the pre-implantation embryo and describe any effect on embryo bioenergetics.We discovered that the human endometrium secretes all three general subtypes of EV - apoptotic bodies (ABs), microvesicles (MVs), and exosomes (EXOs) - into the human endometrial fluid (EF) within the uterine cavity. EVs become uniformly secreted into the EF during the menstrual cycle, with the proportion of different EV populations remaining constant; however, MVs contain significantly higher levels of mitochondrial (mt)DNA than ABs or EXOs. During the window of implantation, MVs contain an eleven-fold higher level of mtDNA when compared to cells-of-origin within the receptive endometrium, which possesses a lower mtDNA content and displays the upregulated expression of mitophagy-related genes. Furthermore, we demonstrate the internalization of EV-derived nuclear-encoded (n)DNA/mtDNA by trophoblast cells of murine embryos, which associates with a reduction in mitochondrial respiration and ATP production.These findings suggest that the maternal endometrium suffers a reduction in mtDNA content during the preconceptional period, that nDNA/mtDNA become packaged into secreted EVs that the embryo uptakes, and that the transfer of DNA to the embryo within EVs occurs alongside the modulation of bioenergetics during implantation.
Highly sensitive in vivo detection of dynamic changes in enkephalins following acute stress
Authors: Mikati Marwa O , Erdmann-Gilmore Petra , Connors Rose , Conway Sineadh M , Malone Jim , Woods Justin , Sprung Robert W , Townsend R Reid , Al-Hasani Ream
Published: November 2023

Enkephalins are opioid peptides that modulate analgesia, reward, and stress.
In vivo
detection of enkephalins remains difficult due to transient and low endogenous concentrations and inherent sequence similarity. To begin to address this we previously developed a system combining in vivo optogenetics with microdialysis and a highly sensitive mass spectrometry-based assay to measure opioid peptide release in freely moving rodents (Al-Hasani, 2018, eLife). Here we show improved detection resolution and stabilization of enkephalin detection, which allowed us to investigate enkephalin release during acute stress. We present an analytical method for real-time, simultaneous detection of Met- and Leu-Enkephalin (Met-Enk & Leu-Enk) in the mouse Nucleus Accumbens shell (NAcSh) after acute stress. We confirm that acute stress activates enkephalinergic neurons in the NAcSh using fiber photometry and that this leads to the release of Met- and Leu-Enk. We also demonstrate the dynamics of Met- and Leu-Enk release as well as how they correlate to one another in the ventral NAc shell, which was previously difficult due to the use of approaches that relied on mRNA transcript levels rather than post-translational products. This approach increases spatiotemporal resolution, optimizes the detection of Met-Enkephalin through methionine oxidation, and provides novel insight into the relationship between Met- and Leu-Enkephalin following stress.
Effects of nicotine compared to placebo gum on sensitivity to pain and mediating effects of peak alpha frequency
Authors: Millard Samantha K. , Chiang Alan K.I. , Humburg Peter , Chowdhury Nahian , Rehan Raafay , Furman Andrew J. , Mazaheri Ali , Schabrun Siobhan M. , Seminowicz David A.
Published: November 2023

Recent research has linked individual peak alpha frequency (PAF) to pain sensitivity, but whether PAF alterations can influence pain remains unclear. Our study investigated the effects of nicotine on pain sensitivity and whether pain changes are mediated by PAF changes. In a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment, 62 healthy adults (18–44 years) received either 4 mg nicotine gum (n=29) or placebo (n=33). Resting state EEG and pain ratings during prolonged heat and pressure models were collected before and after nicotine intake. Nicotine reduced heat pain ratings and increased PAF speed across the scalp, driven by changes at centralparietal and right-frontal regions. However, mediation analysis did not support the notion that PAF changes mediate nicotine’s effects on pain sensitivity. While a growing body of literature supports a link between PAF and both acute and chronic pain, further work is needed to understand the mechanisms of this link.
Microbes within the building envelope—a case study on the patterns of colonization and potential sampling bias
Authors: Davies Lucy R. , Barbero-López Aitor , Lähteenmäki Veli-Matti , Salonen Antti , Fedorik Filip , Haapala Antti , Watts Phillip C.
Published: November 2023

Humans are exposed to diverse communities of microbes every day. With more time spent indoors by humans, investigations into the communities of microbes inhabiting occupied spaces have become important to deduce the impacts of these microbes on human health and building health. Studies so far have given considerable insight into the communities of the indoor microbiota humans interact with, but mainly focus on sampling surfaces or indoor dust from filters. Beneath the surfaces though, building envelopes have the potential to contain environments that would support the growth of microbial communities. But due to design choices and distance from ground moisture, for example, the temperature and humidity across a building will vary and cause environmental gradients. These microenvironments could then influence the composition of the microbial communities within the walls. Here we present a case study designed to quantify any patterns in the compositions of fungal and bacterial communities existing in a building envelope and determine some of the key variables, such as cardinal direction, distance from floor or distance from wall joinings, that may influence any microbial community composition variation. By drilling small holes across walls of a house, we extracted microbes onto air filters and conducted amplicon sequencing. We found sampling height (distance from the floor) and cardinal direction the wall was facing caused differences in the diversity of the microbial communities, showing that patterns in the microbial composition will be dependent on sampling location within the building. By sampling beneath the surfaces, our approach provides a more complete picture of the microbial condition of a building environment, with the significant variation in community composition demonstrating a potential sampling bias if multiple sampling locations across a building are not considered. By identifying features of the built environment that promote/retard microbial growth, improvements to building designs can be made to achieve overall healthier occupied spaces.
Buena Fe. Su rol en el Derecho chileno contemporáneo
Authors: Carvajal Patricio
Published: November 2023

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Clinical Efficacy of Kedo S Square Files versus Manual K Files in Root Canal Preparation of Deciduous Molars: A Randomised Clinical Tria
Authors: Durairaj Bala Anusha , Shivashankarappa Prathima Gajula , Muthukrishnan Kavitha , Ezhumalai G , Ramassamy Eswari
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The conventional approach to root canal preparation in primary molars involves hand instrumentation. However, the disadvantage of longer instrumentation time poses a challenge for dentists treating paediatric patients. As a solution, rotary file systems have been introduced to reduce chairside time and improve patient cooperation. Among the various rotary file systems available, the "Kedo S Square" rotary files are exclusive single files made of Nickel-titanium (NiTi), offering increased flexibility and variable taper to adapt to the curved canals of deciduous molars. Aim: To assess and compare the instrumentation time and obturation quality of rotary “Kedo S Square” files with manual K files in deciduous molars. Materials and Methods: This randomised clinical trial was conducted from July 2022 to February 2023 included 40 primary molars from four to six-year-old children requiring root canal therapy. The teeth were evenly allocated to two groups: Group 1 underwent instrumentation using “Kedo S Square” files, while Group 2 underwent instrumentation using manual K files. The instrumentation time was recorded, and post-treatment radiographs were taken to evaluate the quality of obturation by a single-blinded investigator. Statistical analysis included the Independent t-test, Levene’s Test for Equality of Variances, Chisquare test, and Fisher’s-exact test. Results: The use of Kedo S Square files resulted in significantly less instrumentation time (p<0.001) with a mean time of 3.91±1.462 minutes. There was no statistically significant difference in obturation quality between the two groups, with a p-value of 0.427. Conclusion: Kedo S “Square” files demonstrated comparable obturation quality with shorter instrumentation time compared to manual K files in root canals of primary molars.
Non venereal Female Genital Dermatoses: Beyond Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Danny Geo Celestin , Sukanya G , Srinivasan Shreya , Kumar N Ashok , Manoharan D , Nagaraju Sowmya
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Genital dermatoses can be categorised as either venereal or non venereal. Non venereal genital dermatoses have various causes, and their presentation may differ from that of cutaneous lesions due to local factors. Therefore, it is crucial to have a proper understanding in order to differentiate non sexually transmitted genital dermatoses from sexually transmitted ones. Aim: To study the clinical patterns of non sexually transmitted genital dermatoses in females aged above 18 years. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Outpatient Department (OPD) of Dermatology at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Chennai, India, over a period of one year and six months. It involved 120 female patients above 18 years of age who were diagnosed with non venereal genital dermatosis. All patients were included in the study after providing informed consent. Patients with a history of significant anatomical alterations due to trauma or surgery were excluded. A detailed clinical history was obtained, followed by a thorough dermatological examination. After diagnosing non venereal genital dermatoses, classification based on aetiology and site of involvement was performed. The presence, distribution, and any associated conditions were also studied. Data was entered into a Microsoft Excel datasheet and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. Categorical data was presented as frequencies and proportions. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 43.08 years. The present study identified 21 different types of non venereal dermatoses, with infectious dermatosis being the most common in 60 (50%) cases, followed by inflammatory dermatosis 33 (27.5%) cases, miscellaneous conditions in 19 (15.83%) cases, benign and physiological conditions in 7 (5.83%) cases, and malignancies in 1 (0.83%) case.. Vulvovaginal candidiasis was the most common dermatosis observed in the present study, accounting for 21 cases (17.5%) of the entire study population. Conclusion: Genital diseases can cause significant psychological trauma and anxiety for patients. It is important to note that not all genital dermatoses are sexually transmitted. Non-venereal dermatoses affecting the external genitalia in females encompass a spectrum of diseases with diverse aetiologies. Therefore, accurate diagnosis of these non venereal dermatoses is crucial to alleviate the patient’s concerns regarding sexually transmitted diseases and the associated stigma.
Study on Micro-Climate and its Effect on Growth and Yield of Mustard Crop under Prayagraj Conditions
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Ranjan Ashish , Jha Arti
Published: November 2023

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2022-2023 on the topic entitled “Study On Micro-Climate And Its Effect On Growth And Yield Of Mustard Crop Under   Prayagraj Conditions” at field of collage of forestry in Prayagraj district of utter Pradesh. Keeping in this view experiment was conducted in Factorial RBD with three replications having two factors. The first factor comprised of three DOS (170ct. 3Nov. and 17 Nov.) whereas the second factor consisted of Four Indian mustard Cultivar viz: Jhalak, Kala Sona, Sriram, and Ratna Results showed that both dates and varieties 17 oct and Ratna were superior as compared to rest of treatment max. yield observed. However, the highest growth attributes Like plant height, number of leaves, no of branches yield, and yield attributes like No. of silique (cm) per plant, test weight, seed yield (q/ha) grain yield, dry matter, and length of siliqua was recorded under 17 Oct. growing crop Ratna variety, the Lowest yield and growth recorded under date 17 Nov. growing crop Jhalak followed by 3 Nov. growing Crop Jhalak.
Using the Electrical Resistivity Method to Assess Groundwater Iron Concentration in Otuoke and Environs (Nigeria)
Authors: Oghale Lawrence. O. , ThankGod Arekumo
Published: November 2023

The resolution of subsurface structures using the electrical method is often beclouded by uncertainty due to geophysical similarities in the behaviour of earth materials. Thus the integration of techniques aimed at constraining the level of uncertainty. This was archived in this study using a combination of electric method, geochemical analysis and in-situ borehole login samples. 8 vertical geoelectrical soundings, 8 groundwater samples and 1 borehole log were analyzed with the aim of lithostratigraphic mapping of shallow sediments to identify aquiferous formations and to infer the spectral variation of iron concentration levels. From the results, two layers were delineated; a clay topsoil with a maximum depth of 0.5 m to 1.3 m, resistivity range of 15.8 Ωm to 112 Ωm and a coarse sand aquiferous layer encountered at a depth of 1.7 to 3.5 m with a resistivity of 84.5 Ωm to 225 Ωm both separated by a transition zone of sandy-clay, which becomes fine sand with depth, identified on the geoelectric section with a resistivity range of 12.5 Ωm to 74.5 Ωm occurring at depth 0.5 m to 1.3 m with a maximum thickness of 2.2 m. High iron concentration levels were observed to correlate with low resistivity values and vis-vaser, which agrees with empirical facts, that the electrical conductivity of porous mediums at shallow depth is principally a function of pore fluid conductivity which by extension the concentration of conductive minerals in groundwater.
Leveraging Large Language Models for Decision Support in Personalized Oncology
Authors: Benary Manuela , Wang Xing David , Schmidt Max , Soll Dominik , Hilfenhaus Georg , Nassir Mani , Sigler Christian , Knödler Maren , Keller Ulrich , Beule Dieter , Keilholz Ulrich , Leser Ulf , Rieke Damian T.
Published: November 2023

Importance

Clinical interpretation of complex biomarkers for precision oncology currently requires manual investigations of previous studies and databases. Conversational large language models (LLMs) might be beneficial as automated tools for assisting clinical decision-making.

Objective

To assess performance and define their role using 4 recent LLMs as support tools for precision oncology.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This diagnostic study examined 10 fictional cases of patients with advanced cancer with genetic alterations. Each case was submitted to 4 different LLMs (ChatGPT, Galactica, Perplexity, and BioMedLM) and 1 expert physician to identify personalized treatment options in 2023. Treatment options were masked and presented to a molecular tumor board (MTB), whose members rated the likelihood of a treatment option coming from an LLM on a scale from 0 to 10 (0, extremely unlikely; 10, extremely likely) and decided whether the treatment option was clinically useful.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Number of treatment options, precision, recall, F1 score of LLMs compared with human experts, recognizability, and usefulness of recommendations.

Results

For 10 fictional cancer patients (4 with lung cancer, 6 with other; median [IQR] 3.5 [3.0-4.8] molecular alterations per patient), a median (IQR) number of 4.0 (4.0-4.0) compared with 3.0 (3.0-5.0), 7.5 (4.3-9.8), 11.5 (7.8-13.0), and 13.0 (11.3-21.5) treatment options each was identified by the human expert and 4 LLMs, respectively. When considering the expert as a criterion standard, LLM-proposed treatment options reached F1 scores of 0.04, 0.17, 0.14, and 0.19 across all patients combined. Combining treatment options from different LLMs allowed a precision of 0.29 and a recall of 0.29 for an F1 score of 0.29. LLM-generated treatment options were recognized as AI-generated with a median (IQR) 7.5 (5.3-9.0) points in contrast to 2.0 (1.0-3.0) points for manually annotated cases. A crucial reason for identifying AI-generated treatment options was insufficient accompanying evidence. For each patient, at least 1 LLM generated a treatment option that was considered helpful by MTB members. Two unique useful treatment options (including 1 unique treatment strategy) were identified only by LLM.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this diagnostic study, treatment options of LLMs in precision oncology did not reach the quality and credibility of human experts; however, they generated helpful ideas that might have complemented established procedures. Considering technological progress, LLMs could play an increasingly important role in assisting with screening and selecting relevant biomedical literature to support evidence-based, personalized treatment decisions.
Prevalence of Perinatal Anxiety and Related Disorders in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Roddy Mitchell Alexandra , Gordon Hannah , Atkinson Jessica , Lindquist Anthea , Walker Susan P. , Middleton Anna , Tong Stephen , Hastie Roxanne
Published: November 2023

Importance

Anxiety disorders are associated with poor maternal and neonatal outcomes. Women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are thought to be disproportionally burdened by these disorders, yet their prevalence is unclear.

Objective

To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of 6 anxiety and related disorders among perinatal women in LMICs.

Data Sources

Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception until September 7, 2023.

Study Selection

Studies conducted in World Bank–defined LMICs and reporting prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, or adjustment disorder during the perinatal period (conception to 12 months post partum) using a validated method were included.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guideline. Study eligibility, extracted data, and risk of bias of included studies were assessed by 2 independent reviewers. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate pooled point prevalence. Subgroup analyses were performed by specific anxiety disorder.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Main outcomes were prevalence estimates of each anxiety disorder, measured as percentage point estimates and corresponding 95% CIs.

Results

At total of 10 617 studies were identified, 203 of which met the inclusion criteria and reported the outcomes of 212 318 women from 33 LMICs. Generalized anxiety disorder was the most reported (184 studies [90.6%]) and most prevalent disorder at 22.2% (95% CI, 19.4%-25.0%; n = 173 553). Posttraumatic stress disorder was the second most prevalent (8.3%; 95% CI, 5.0%-12.2%; 33 studies; n = 22 452). Adjustment disorder was least prevalent (2.9%; 95% CI, 0.0%-14.1%; 2 studies; n = 475). The prevalence of generalized anxiety varied by country income status, with the highest prevalence among lower-middle–income countries (27.6%; 95% CI, 21.6%-33.9%; 59 studies; n = 25 109), followed by low-income (24.0%; 95% CI, 15.3%-33.8%; 11 studies; n = 4961) and upper-middle–income (19.1%; 95% CI, 16.0%-22.4%; 110 studies; n = 138 496) countries.

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that 1 in 5 women living in LMICs experience anxiety disorders during pregnancy and post partum. Targeted action is needed to reduce this high burden.
Bredigite‐Based Bioactive Nerve Guidance Conduit for Pro‐Healing Macrophage Polarization and Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Xuan Yaowei , Li Lin , Yin Xuelai , He Dongming , Li Siyao , Zhang Chenping , Yin Yuan , Xu Wanlin , Zhang Zhen
Published: November 2023

Structural and functional healing of peripheral nerves damaged by trauma or chronic disease remain major clinical challenges, requiring the development of an effective nerve guidance conduit (NGC). The present study investigates a NGC fabrication strategy based on bredigite (BRT, Ca7MgSi4O16) bioceramic for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury. Here, BRT bioceramic shows good biocompatibility and sustainable release of Ca2+, Mg2+, and Si4+ ions. Both BRT extracts and BRT‐incorporating electrospun membranes promote the proliferation and myelination potential of RSC96 cells, as well as accelerate vascular formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Notably, BRT facilitates RAW 264.7 cell polarization to the pro‐healing phenotype under LPS‐induced inflammatory stimulation. More importantly, the macrophages activated by BRT in turn promote RSC96 cell migration and remyelination. In a rat sciatic nerve defect model, improved electrophysiological performance and alleviated gastrocnemius muscle atrophy are observed at 12 weeks post‐implantation. Further experiments verify that BRT‐loaded NGC facilitates axonal regrowth and revascularization with high M2‐like macrophage infiltration. These findings support the beneficial effects of BRT for creating a pro‐healing immune microenvironment and orchestrating multicellular processes associated with functional nerve regeneration, indicating the potential of rationally engineered bioceramics as safe, effective, and economical materials for peripheral nerve repair.
Multicolor‐Tunable and Time‐Dependent Circularly Polarized Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence from Liquid Crystal Copolymers
Authors: Gong Wei , Zhou Mengdie , Xiao Lingyu , Fan Chunyan , Yuan Yongjie , Gong Yongyang , Zhang Hailiang
Published: November 2023

Circularly polarized luminescent (CPL) materials have significant promising applications in organic light‐emitting diodes, asymmetric synthesis, and other fields. However, due to the instability of triplet‐state excitons, how to achieve an effective combination of CPL with room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) remains a formidable challenge. Here, a simple and feasible method for constructing polymer‐based CPRTP materials is proposed by preparing chiral phosphorescent liquid crystals through copolymerization. A series of RTP chiral liquid crystal copolymers are successfully synthesized by copolymerizing phosphorescent monomer bearing chiral cholesterol mesogen with phosphorescent monomer bearing dibenzofuran chromophore. Due to the introduction of chiral cholesterol mesogen, copolymers can form chiral smectic C‐phase liquid crystals. Utilizing their selective reflection characteristic, efficient CPRTP is achieved, with a glum value of up to −1.6 × 10−2. In addition, both components in copolymers exhibit RTP properties and show significant differences in phosphorescence color and lifetime. By changing the composition of copolymers, the regulation of their phosphorescence properties is successfully achieved. As a result, multicolor‐tunable and time‐dependent CPRTP materials are successfully prepared.
Strategies and Methods for the Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Benzofuran/Benzopyran Fused Acetals: A Review
Authors: Chen Yushuang , Zhang Yulong , Zhang Dong , Wang Zhen
Published: November 2023

Benzofuran‐ and benzopyran‐fused polycyclic acetals are found in a variety of biologically active natural products. The synthetic methods toward this class of polycyclic heterocycles have fascinated one of the most intensive pursuits in total synthesis. Nevertheless, stereoselective methods towards the rapid construction of such skeletons still remain challenging for organic chemists. Significant progress has been made in this research area in recent years, however, literature on enantioselective approaches to construct these molecules has not fully reviewed. Driven by their intriguing and complex scaffolds with potential usefulness, we compose the recent advances in this review covering all the important works in this field. We hope this review will promote future research in this area.
Resistance identification and nitrogen management of wheat under late spring coldness
Authors: Zheng Jia Cheng , Dai Han Jing , Huang Xiao Yi , Liu Yan Long , Li Jie Qin , Li Wen Yang , Zhan Qiu Wen , Hu Neng Bing , Li Jin Cai
Published: November 2023

Late spring coldness has a profound impact on yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum), the reasonable fertilization management significantly improved yield, quality, and cold resistance of plants. Here, 10 predominant wheat varieties cultivated in the Huang‐Huai‐Hai region were selected to investigate the detrimental influence mechanism of late spring coldness on wheat growth and screen three varieties with a strong resistance to coldness. Additionally, under late spring coldness, the three varieties were applied with varying ratios of base to topdressing nitrogen fertilizer to investigate the consequences on the establishment of population structure and subsequent formation of yield and quality. The results showed that late spring coldness exerted severely detrimental effect on wheat organs development, including the increased occurrence of dead tillers, elevated mortality of young spikes, and significant decrease kernels. However, compared to N1 treatment (a nitrogen fertilizer distribution of 100% base+0% jointing+0% booting), the N2 treatment (50% base+50% jointing+0% booting) exhibited favorable outcomes under late spring coldness, such as the decreased basic seedlings and tillers, increased flag leaf area, and leaf area index, contributing to the higher spike number, grain number, and 1000‐kernel weight. Ultimately, the grain yields of Jinan 17, Huaimai 28, and Yan'nong 5158 reached their maximum values, with a 23.5%, 10.6%, and 24.2% increase, respectively, and the membership function analysis confirmed the most favorable effect of N2 treatment. These findings underscore the appropriately increased ration of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer during late spring coldness as a prerequisite for achieving both high yield and good quality of wheat.
Deep Learning‐Based Bluetooth Low‐Energy 5.1 Multianchor Indoor Positioning with Attentional Data Filtering
Authors: Lyu Zhongyuan , Chan Tom Tak-Lam , Hung Theo Yik-Tung , Ji Hang , Leung Gary , Lun Daniel Pak-Kong
Published: November 2023

Indoor positioning system (IPS) technologies have widespread applications in logistics, intelligent manufacturing, healthcare monitoring, etc. The recently released Bluetooth low‐energy (BLE) 5.1 specification enables in‐phase and quadrature‐phase (I/Q) data measurements. It allows angle of arrival estimation and becomes a natural choice for IPS implementation. Conventional BLE 5.1 IPSs use multiple anchors to provide massive redundancy to improve system robustness. It however demands effective approaches to leverage redundancy. Besides, interference due to various environmental factors can introduce severe errors toI/Qdata and affect positioning accuracy. Facing these challenges, herein, a novel deep learning‐based multianchor BLE 5.1 IPS is proposed. The system aggregates measurements from multiple anchors and makes them available at regular time steps. Then, a novel attentional filtering network tailored to infer high‐qualityI/Qsample data is developed and a spatial regularization loss incorporating spatial location relationships to strengthen the feature embedding discrimination is proposed. Two multianchor BLE 5.1I/Qsample datasets are developed and released for public download. Numerical experiments are carried out to compare the proposed method with previous BLE 5.1 IPS methods and methods utilizing other radio frequency data. Results indicate that the proposed method consistently achieves submeter accuracy and significantly outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art approaches.
Place type or place function: What matters for place attachment?
Authors: Zahnow Renee
Published: November 2023

Place attachment at neighborhood places can facilitate social ties and community belonging, reduce social isolation and improve physical and mental health outcomes. Research highlights the benefits of place attachment at traditional third places such as cafes and parks but is yet to examine place attachment across a broader suite of highly frequented neighborhood places. Drawing on survey data from a sample of Australian residents (N = 892) with a median age of 55−64 years, this study examines the influence of place form and function on place attachment at everyday places. Findings reveal that places where individuals go to participate in specific and unique activities (e.g., exercise at a gym, prayer at a temple) alongside a defined group of other community members, such as places of worship or gyms, engender stronger place attachment than places of economic consumption, such as large shops and cafes. This is important in its capacity to inform neighborhood planning and policies to reduce risk of social isolation.
Calibration of the Solid‐State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Search for Axion‐Like Dark Matter
Authors: Winter Andrew J. , Marić Tanja , Balabanova Viktoriya A. , Ádám János , Randall Glenn , Wickenbrock Arne , Jackson Kimball Derek F. , Budker Dmitry , Sushkov Alexander O.
Published: November 2023

Calibration of nuclear‐magnetic‐resonance‐based searches for axion‐like dark matter can be performed by free induction decay (FID) measurements. This manu‐ script describes FID experiments on several solid materials, motivated by the Cosmic Axion Spin Precession Experiment (CASPEr) program. Experiments with207Pb nuclear spins in ferroelectrics, lead magnesium niobate‐lead titanate (PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3) (PbTiO3)1/3 (PMN‐PT) and lead zirconium titante PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT) are directly relevant to the CASPEr‐electric search for the electric dipole moment interaction of axion‐like dark matter. Experiments with 31P nuclear spins in gadolinium‐doped hydroxypyromorphite Pb4.95Gd0.05(PO4)3OH (HPM:Gd) are used for apparatus calibration. The measurements characterized the nuclear spin ensemble coherence time and the magnetic resonance detection sensitivity for these samples. Calibration is performed using small tip‐angle pulses.
A versatile strategy to construct surface functionalized pH/redox dual stimuli‐responsive nanogels for targeted drug delivery
Authors: Wang Zhao , Shi Jiajian , Gu Mengyao , Zhang Xiaojuan , Sheng Ruilong
Published: November 2023

Developing facile, green, and efficient synthetic methodology for preparing surface‐functionalized nanogels has attracted tremendous attention in the field of polymer chemistry and biomaterials engineering. Herein, a series of “clickable” P(MAA‐PMA) nanogels with reactive alkyne groups were conveniently prepared by “one‐pot” reflux‐precipitation polymerization (RPP), their particle sizes and zeta potentials are solid content‐dependent. Using P(MAA‐PMA)‐1 nanogels as the model, the physicochemical properties including particle size, surface potential, morphology, solution stability, and pH/redox responsiveness were characterized in detail. Moreover, the pH/redox dual‐responsive drug release feature/kinetics and parameters were analyzed using Korsmeyer–Peppas model and Gallagher–Corrigan model. Then the surface of nanogels was facilely modified with various thiol‐containing functional ligands via thiol‐yne photo click reaction. As targeted drug carriers, doxorubicin (DOX)‐loaded folic acid (FA)‐functionalized nanogels (FA@Nanogels/DOX) demonstrated higher tumor cell proliferation inhibition effect in B16F10 cancer cells than that in CHO‐K1 normal cells, while the non‐FA‐functionalized counterparts (Nanogels/DOX) do not show similar effect. This work provides a versatile “one‐pot RPP‐photo Click functionalization” strategy to construct surface‐functionalized pH/redox dual responsive nanogels for efficient and targeted drug delivery.
Uncovering chemical profiles, biological potentials, and protection effect against ECM destruction in H2O2‐treated HDF cells of the extracts of Stachys tundjeliensis
Authors: Kurt‐Celep Inci , Zheleva‐Dimitrova Dimitrina , Sinan Kouadio Ibrahime , Uba Abdullahi Ibrahim , Nilofar  , Mahomoodally Mohamad Fawzi , Aumeeruddy Muhammad Zakariyyah , Cakilcioglu Ugur , Dall'Acqua Stefano , Zengin Gokhan
Published: November 2023

The genus Stachys L., one of the largest genera of the Lamiaceae family, is highly represented in Turkey. This study was conducted to determine the bio‐pharmaceutical potential and phenolic contents of six different extracts from aerial parts of Stachys tundjeliensis. The obtained results showed that the ethanol extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in the antioxidant assays. Meanwhile, the ethanol extract displayed strong inhibitory activity against α‐tyrosinase, the dichloromethane extract exhibited potent inhibition against butyrylcholinesterase, and the n‐hexane extract against α‐amylase. Based on ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high‐resolution mass spectrometry analysis, more than 90 secondary metabolites, including hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, and their glycosides, acylquinic acids, phenylethanoid glycosides, and various flavonoids were identified or tentatively annotated in the studied S. tundjeliensis extracts. It was observed that the application of S. tundjeliensis eliminated H2O2‐induced oxidative stress. It was determined that protein levels of phospho‐nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB), receptor for advanced glycation endproducts, and activator protein‐1, which are activated in the nucleus, decreased, and the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and MMP‐9 also decreased to basal levels. Overall, these findings suggest that S. tundjeliensis contains diverse bioactive compounds for the development of nutraceuticals or functional foods with potent biological properties.