bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ponto de Paz: descrição prática de uma nova técnica
Authors: Paz Pedro Jordão de Almeida Silva , Martorelli Fernando de Oliveira , Albuquerque Pedro Paulo Albuquerque Cavalcanti de , Rangel Larissa Sousa
Published: August 2021

Introdução: Em feridas cirúrgicas, uma das técnicas para auxiliar a cicatrização é a sutura. Após extrações dentarias, o sítio cirúrgico resultante é, na maioria das vezes, cicatrizado por segunda intenção, assim se torna de interesse do cirurgião dentista, reter o coagulo sanguíneo no interior da ferida, assim como manter corpos estranhos fora da própria. Objetivos: O seguinte artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar a técnica de confecção da sutura de paz. Metodologia: A sutura de paz foi aqui descrita em um manequim cirúrgico e é uma modificação do ponto em 8 descrito por Hupp. Para melhor resultados, deve-se usar fios não absorvíveis de nylon monofilamentado. No início, é escolhido um dos lados do sítio cirúrgico, Nesse caso, o vestibular na parte mesial. A primeira perfuração é feita pela agulha nesse ponto de eleição, seguida por uma no lado e parte opostos, nesse caso, distal do lado lingual. Em seguida é perfurada a parte mesial do lado lingual, onde o fio é puxado formado uma alça de aproximadamente 5mm. A última perfuração é feita na parte distal do lado vestibular e com isso, a agulha é passada por baixo da alça e puxada para a confecção do nó. Após a confecção do nó, 2 formatos de X intercalados verticalmente aparecem no alvéolo. Resultados e conclusão: A sutura de paz propõe uma maior segurança na permanência do coagulo no alvéolo e promove maior proteção contra corpos estranhos. Esse artigo, busca ensinar a usar e promover mais pesquisas para seu melhor entendimento.
Assistência de enfermagem ao paciente com lesão renal aguda: relato de experiência
Authors: Silva Keyla Bispo , Lemos Fernanda Abade , Santos Uanderson Gomes dos , Dourado Jomara de Souza
Published: August 2021

Objetivo geral: Identificar como deve ocorrer a assistência de enfermagem frente ao paciente com LRA no ambiente intra-hospitalar. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo, descritivo/bibliográfico/qualitativo, do tipo relato de experiência realizada no ano de 2019, no estágio supervisionado II, realizado em uma Unidade Hospitalar de pequeno porte.  Resultados e Discussões: A comparação da experiência vivenciada, pôde evidenciar que grande parte dos enfermeiros desconhece ou não prioriza o processo de enfermagem, o que contribui para deteriorização da função renal e consequentemente piora do prognóstico do paciente. Considerações finais: Destaca-se a importância da realização de educação permanente dos profissionais de enfermagem, o qual, auxiliará os mesmos a manusearem o processo de enfermagem, garantindo cuidado integral aos pacientes, contribuindo para diminuição da mortalidade pela LRA.
Aspectos climatológicos da Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio (DBO) e as implicações do aumento da temperatura na realização da análise
Authors: Poersch Ana Carla Casagrande , Sebastien Nyamien Yahaut
Published: August 2021

A Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio (DBO) é um dos parâmetros chave para determinação da qualidade de um ambiente aquático perante as concentrações de materiais orgânicos distribuídos na coluna d’água. O método tradicional (DBO520) apresenta grandes entraves, porém o maior deles é o tempo necessário para obtenção dos resultados e a subsequente aplicação de medidas mitigatórias em possíveis ambientes impactados. O clima temperado, encontrado nos países europeus, foi o principal responsável pela definição da temperatura de 20ºC e dos 5 dias de incubação para concluir a análise. Contudo, países tropicais apresentam dinâmicas climáticas completamente diferentes, tornando essencial a existência de métodos que se adequem as condições impostas pelo ambiente.  Dessa forma, neste estudo, buscou-se reduzir o tempo de determinação da Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio, de acordo com as condições climáticas de países tropicais, consequentemente elevando a temperatura (25ºC; 28ºC) de incubação das alíquotas. Os resultados demonstraram a efetividade da mudança para as temperaturas de incubação à 28ºC (p=0,941; f=0,07) para 3 dias, corroborando de forma simples e concisa que o aumento de temperatura pode ser aplicado para a realização do método em ambientes tropicais.
MEMBANGUN PASAR EKONOMI DIGITAL PERSPEKTIF SYARIAH
Authors: Lestari Niken
Published: August 2021

Tujuan adanya bisnis adalah menyenangkan atau memuaskan konsumen dengan menawarkan barang, jasa bahkan ide ataupun pemikiran yang bernilai nyata. Pelanggaran aktivitas bisnis yang dilakukan pelaku bisnis adalah sikap tidak jujur terhadap konsumen terhadap produk yang ditawarkan seperti tidak jujur terhadap produknya sendiri atau menyembunyikan informasi produk tersebut.

Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisisnya adalah content analysis (analisis isi), karena penelitian ini adalah document analysis (analisis dokumen). Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah maqasid syariah.

Indonesia yang mayoritas penduduknya beragama Islam, namun ternyata masih banyak penyimpangan-penyimpangan terjadi yang tidak sesuai dengan prinsip syariah. Hal ini mungkin terjadi karena ketidak tahuan masyarakat kita terhadap menjalankan bisnis yang sesuai prinsip syariah dan tentu saja menimbulkan ketidaktahuan ini kerugian bagi orang lain. Terdapat beberapa aspek yang bisa dijadikan solusi untuk menghindari penyimpangan-penyimpangan yang terjadi mulai dari peran pelaku bisnis online sampai peran pemerintah yang cukup mendukung. Apabila semuanya ini telah dilakukan, pasar ekonomi digital perspektif syariah akan tercapai. Sudah saatnya bagi negara Indonesia membangun pasar, bukan seperti selama ini yang menjadi target pasar.
UNDIAN DAN LOTERE DALAM PERSPEKTIF MASAIL AL-FIQHIYYAH
Authors: Tila Laba , Mukhsinun Mukhsinun
Published: August 2021

Undian merupakan suatu kebiasaan yang sudah berlaku jauh sebelum Islam datang, namun undian yang berlaku pada masa jahiliyyah adalah untuk menentukan nasib baik-buruk seseorang dan dilakukan di depan berhala-berhala mereka. Namun untuk kondisi saat ini, undian sering dilakukan dalam dunia perdagangan dengan tujuan agar para konsumen tertarik terhadap barang yang ditawarkannya. Lotere ataupun lotery peruntungan keduanya sangat ditentukan oleh nasib. Adapun penyelenggaraannya bisa dilakukan oleh perorangan, perusahaan ataupun lembaga. Tujuan keduanya biasanya ditunjukkan untuk mengumpulkan dana dalam upaya peningkatan pemasaran produk perdagangan.

Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisisnya adalah content analysis (analisis isi), karena penelitian ini adalah document analysis (analisis dokumen). Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah maqasid syariah.

Pada dasarnya lotere dan undian hampir sama, adapun perbedaan yang mendasar  antara keduanya yaitu didalam lotere terdapat unsur judi yang diharamkan, yaitu menang kalah atau untung rugi, sedangkan di dalam undian berhadiah yang berkembang saat ini tidak terdapat unsur rugi yang diharamkan sebagaimaa dalam judi. Dalam undian berhadiah tidak ada pihak yang dirugikan sehingga tidak ada istilah pihak satu memakan harta pihak lain secara tidak sah.

Adapun hukum  fiqhnya terkait dengan undian dan lotere terdapat perbedaan pendapat pada masing-masing kalangan. Dalam menetapkan hukum tersebut berpedoman pada dalil al-Quran yaitu pada al-Baqarah: 219, Q.S al-Maidah 90-91
EFEKTIFITAS PENGELOLAAN ZAKAT PRODUKTIF DI BAZNAS KABUPATEN KEBUMEN TERHADAP PERUBAHAN KESEJAHTERAAN MUSTAHIK
Authors: Tila Laba , Al Faqih Nur Iman Hakim , Masitoh Umi Fajar Madani
Published: August 2021

Masalah kemiskinan menjadi hal yang perlu diperhatikan terutama di Kota Kebumen. Memang kemiskinan tidak dapat dihilangkan tapi setidaknya bisa diminimalisir. Salah satu instrumen untuk mengurangi kemiskinan yaitu dengan zakat. Adanya penyaluran/ pentashorufan dana zakat produktif diharapkan bisa membawa dampak positif terhadap rumah tangga mustahik.

Penellitian dilakukan di BAZNAS Kabupaten Kebumen dengan subjeknya para mustahik dalam program Kebumen Makmur. Metode yang digunakan kuesioner, observasi, dokumentasi serta wawancara terkait data yang membutuhkan penjelasan. Analisis data menggunakan model CIBEST dan uji statistik. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui dampak yang ditimbulkan dari dana zakat produktif terhadap kondisi rumah tangga mustahik dari sisi material juga spiritual.

Berdasarkan uji statistik yang dilakukan dana zakat produktif mempengaruhi pendapatan mustahik sebesar 39,3 persen dan sisanya dijelaskan oleh variabel lain di luar penelitian ini. Dengan model CIBEST, Indeks Kemiskinan Islami menunjukkan dana zakat produktif mampu menaikkan kesejahteraan rumah tangga mustahik sebesar 0,02 persen dan menurunkan kemiskinan sebesar (0,019) persen. Adapun mustahik di Kabupaten Kebumen tidak ada yang miskin spiritual namun dengan adanya dana zakat produktif sedikit menambah sisi spiritualnya dalam hal berinfak dan berbagi. Hal ini berarti bahwa dana zakat produktif memberikan pengaruh atau dampak yang positif.
‘She Was Such an Exotic Creature’: Feeding the Orientalist Machine in Agatha Christie’sMurder in Mesopotamia
Authors: Pujolràs-Noguer Esther
Published: August 2021

The Orientalist scenario that Agatha Christie’s Murder in Mesopotamia displays is an incontestable representation of the ‘Orient’ as an exoticised ‘Other’ that menaces Western civilization with its inherent tendency towards depravation and savagery. In Christie’s novel, the archaeological site configures a terrain wherein civilisation is safeguarded because controlled by Westerners and yet, civilisation is disrupted the moment a murder is committed and everything indicates that the murderer is ‘one of us’, not the oriental ‘Other’. However, the stranger that endangers the civilising integrity of an otherwise unpolluted, commendable Orientalist enterprise by murdering ‘one of us’ is none other than the victim, Mrs Leidner, who goes through an orientalising process that premeditatedly transforms her into the essential Oriental female, the Belle Dame sans Merci. This article aims at unmasking how the Orientalist plot of Murder in Mesopotamia is strategically used to condemn the woman, the victim, and exonerate the murderer, the husband. Hence, the ‘Oriental’ female that lurks behind Mrs Leidner’s ‘blonde, Scandinavian fairness’ ( Mesopotamia 28) is exposed whereas Dr Leidner’s past as a German spy is conspicuously undermined. What this Orientalist plot ultimately unveils is the prescience of ‘whiteness’ as a discursively constructed category just as elusive as gender.
‘Hard-Boiled’ Detectives in Spain and Mexico: The Ethical Reorientation of a Genre
Authors: Cafiero Deborah
Published: August 2021

Hard-boiled’ fiction arose in the early decades of the twentieth century, uncovering connections among crime, wealth and power, and exposing moral fissures within U.S. capitalism. After French publisher Gallimard marketed translations of American crime fiction as noir, international writers started adjusting the ethical framework of the original authors as part of their ‘glocal’ adaptation of a global genre to local circumstances. The present article pushes past ‘glocal’ analysis of noir to propose a ‘transnational’ relationship, adapting Paul Giles’ definition of ‘transnational’ practice in which international authors reflect the genre back upon its American roots in order to illuminate the ‘silences, absences and blindspots’ in the original ethical stance. The ‘misreading’ of noir also permits a ‘misrecognition’ of local circumstances, exposing moral fissures throughout different societies. This article shows how series by Manuel Vázquez Montalbán and Paco Ignacio Taibo II reveal ethical blindspots in American models by situating the detective within an emotional history of place (Barcelona for Vázquez Montalbán, Mexico City for Taibo II). Although these detectives ultimately cannot determine or perform the role of ethical citizen, their emotional-geographical bonds open up a critique of American ideals and pave the way for a reimagining of the ethical in the twenty-first century.
Samuel Beckett's The North
Authors: Kiryushina Galina , Nixon Mark
Published: August 2021

This essay closely inspects the manuscript cluster relating to The North (held by the Beckett International Foundation, University of Reading) to provide insight into Beckett's collaboration with Enitharmon Press and its publisher, Alan Clodd, on an eponymous livre d'artiste illustrated with three etchings by Avikdor Arikha. It outlines the intricate publication details of a short excerpt from (then unfinished) Le Dépeupleur, which was the first part of the late prose text to be translated by Beckett into English. With the help of Beckett's published and unpublished correspondence with Clodd, Arikha, and Barbara Bray in particular, the essay traces the translation process of both The North and what was to become The Lost Ones. Extending over several months, the translation of the short novel gave Beckett considerable trouble and, as appears from his letters to Bray, her involvement in it was tangible. Beckett's linguistic choices surrounding the image of a crouching woman at the centre of this limited-edition artist's book and the English title of the master text, The Lost Ones, are also considered in relation to other art forms, namely Auguste Rodin's Dante-inspired La porte de l'enfer and the statue extracted from it, La femme accroupie. In addition to that, the publication particulars of the Calder & Boyars edition of The Lost Ones (1972) are discussed in parallel to those of Clodd's The North (1973), unearthing the differences between the two translations as well as contractual obligations that shaped them.
Çalışma Yaşamında Manganez Maruz Kalımının Sağlık Etkileri ve Parkinsonizm
Authors: GÖK METİN Zehra , SANDAL Abdulsamet , YILDIZ Ali Naci
Published: August 2021

Yaygın olarak kullanılan, bir ağır metal olan manganez (Mn), biyolojik fonksiyonları yürüten birçok enzimatik işlem için gerekli olan bir eser elementtir. Bununla birlikte, Mn’e aşırı maruz kalım, toksisiteye yol açmaktadır. Bu toksisitenin santral sinir sistemine etkileri özel önem taşımaktadır. Mn aşırı maruz kalımı tipik olarak parkinsonizm olarak ortaya çıkmakta ve daha yaygın görülen idiyopatik Parkinson hastalığından ayırt edilmesi zor olabilmektedir. Mesleki ve çevresel maruz kalıma ek olarak, sistemik hastalıklar, total parenteral beslenme ve bazı ilaçlar Mn toksisitesinin diğer potansiyel etiyolojileri arasında sayılabilir. Bu derlemede; Mn mesleki ve çevresel maruz kalımı, patofizyolojisi ve klinik özellikleri ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca, Mn'in iş yerindeki etkisi ve bir toksisitenin nörodejeneratif bir hastalık olarak tanılanmaması için ayrıntılı bir mesleki ve çevresel öykünün gerekliliği vurgulanmıştır. Kapsamlı bir tedavinin yokluğunda, erken tanı ve önleyici tedbirlerin zamanında başlatılması, Mn toksik etkilerinin yönetilmesinin anahtarıdır.
TEKNOLOGI ENKAPSULASI: TEKNIK DAN APLIKASINYA
Authors: Agustin Dini Asri , Wibowo Agung Ari
Published: August 2021

Enkapsulasi adalah suatu proses yang mampu mempertahankan sifat fisik, kimia, dan biologis dari suatu senyawa  aktif atau bahan inti dengan cara melapisinya di dalam suatu bahan penyalut. Selain itu enkapsulasi juga  menawarkan solusi untuk mempermudah penanganan bahan dengan mengonversi bentuk bahan dari cairan  menjadi solid serta memberikan manfaat control-release. Dengan demikian penggunaan suatu bahan dapat  diperluas dan dimaksimalkan. Saat ini terdapat banyak pilihan proses enkapsulasi yang bisa digunakan seperti:  koaservasi, ko-kristalisasi, spray drying, spray cooling, ekstrusi, dan lain sebagainya. Teknologi enkapsulasi sudah  banyak dimanfaatkan di banyak bidang, diantaranya pada bidang industri makanan dan minuman, bidang  pertanian, dan bidang farmasi. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas tentang enkapsulasi, teknik-teknik  enkapsulasi yang bisa digunakan, serta penerapannya di berbagai bidang yang berbeda. Dari studi literatur yang dilakukan, didapatkan bahwa tidak semua teknik enkapsulasi bisa digunakan untuk suatu tujuan yang sama. Pemilihan teknologi enkapsulasi perlu mempertimbangkan jenis substansi yang akan dienkapsulasi dan tujuan  penerapannya.
AVA: A Financial Service Chatbot Based on Deep Bidirectional Transformers
Authors: Yu Shi , Chen Yuxin , Zaidi Hussain
Published: August 2021

We develop a chatbot using deep bidirectional transformer (BERT) models to handle client questions in financial investment customer service. The bot can recognize 381 intents, decides when to say I don’t know, and escalate escalation/uncertain questions to human operators. Our main novel contribution is the discussion about the uncertainty measure for BERT, where three different approaches are systematically compared with real problems. We investigated two uncertainty metrics, information entropy and variance of dropout sampling, in BERT, followed by mixed-integer programming to optimize decision thresholds. Another novel contribution is the usage of BERT as a language model in automatic spelling correction. Inputs with accidental spelling errors can significantly decrease intent classification performance. The proposed approach combines probabilities from masked language model and word edit distances to find the best corrections for misspelled words. The chatbot and the entire conversational AI system are developed using open-source tools and deployed within our company’s intranet. The proposed approach can be useful for industries seeking similar in-house solutions in their specific business domains. We share all our code and a sample chatbot built on a public data set on GitHub.
Large-Scale Heterogeneous Computing for 3D Deterministic Particle Transport on Tianhe-2A Supercomputer
Authors: Li Biao , Liu Jie , Zhu Xiaoxiong , Ding Shengjie
Published: August 2021

Scalable parallel algorithm for particle transport is one of the main application fields in high-performance computing. Discrete ordinate method (Sn) is one of the most popular deterministic numerical methods for solving particle transport equations. In this paper, we introduce a new method of large-scale heterogeneous computing of one energy group time-independent deterministic discrete ordinates neutron transport in 3D Cartesian geometry (Sweep3D) on Tianhe-2A supercomputer. In heterogeneous programming, we use customized Basic Communication Library (BCL) and Accelerated Computing Library (ACL) to control and communicate between CPU and the Matrix2000 accelerator. We use OpenMP instructions to exploit the parallelism of threads based on Matrix 2000. The test results show that the optimization of applying OpenMP on particle transport algorithm modified by our method can get 11.3 times acceleration at most. On Tianhe-2A supercomputer, the parallel efficiency of 1.01 million cores compared with 170 thousand cores is 52%.
Adaptation of the Start-Growth-Time Method for High-Throughput Biofilm Quantification
Authors: Thieme Lara , Hartung Anita , Tramm Kristina , Graf Julia , Spott Riccardo , Makarewicz Oliwia , Pletz Mathias W.
Published: August 2021

Colony forming unit (CFU) determination by agar plating is still regarded as the gold standard for biofilm quantification despite being time- and resource-consuming. Here, we propose an adaption of the high-throughput Start-Growth-Time (SGT) method from planktonic to biofilm analysis, which indirectly quantifies CFU/mL numbers by evaluating regrowth curves of detached biofilms. For validation, the effect of dalbavancin, rifampicin and gentamicin against mature biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium was measured by accessing different features of the viability status of the cell, i.e., the cultivability (conventional agar plating), growth behavior (SGT) and metabolic activity (resazurin assay). SGT correlated well with the resazurin assay for all tested antibiotics, but only for gentamicin and rifampicin with conventional agar plating. Dalbavancin treatment-derived growth curves showed a compared to untreated controls significantly slower increase with reduced cell doubling times and reduced metabolic rate, but no change in CFU numbers was observed by conventional agar plating. Here, unspecific binding of dalbavancin to the biofilm interfered with the SGT methodology since the renewed release of dalbavancin during detachment of the biofilms led to an unintended antimicrobial effect. The application of the SGT method for anti-biofilm testing is therefore not suited for antibiotics which stick to the biofilm and/or to the bacterial cell wall. Importantly, the same applies for the well-established resazurin method for anti-biofilm testing. However, for antibiotics which do not bind to the biofilm as seen for gentamicin and rifampicin, the SGT method presents a much less labor-intensive method suited for high-throughput screening of anti-biofilm compounds.
Facile Synthesis of Holmium-Based Nanoparticles as a CT and MRI Dual-Modal Imaging for Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Zhang Tianqi , Deng Mo , Zhang Lei , Liu Zerun , Liu Yang , Song Shuyan , Gong Tingting , Yuan Qinghai
Published: August 2021

The rapid development of medical imaging has boosted the abilities of modern medicine. As single modality imaging limits complex cancer diagnostics, dual-modal imaging has come into the spotlight in clinical settings. The rare earth element Holmium (Ho) has intrinsic paramagnetism and great X-ray attenuation due to its high atomic number. These features endow Ho with good potential to be a nanoprobe in combined x-ray computed tomography (CT) and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Herein, we present a facile strategy for preparing HoF3 nanoparticles (HoF3 NPs) with modification by PEG 4000. The functional PEG-HoF3 NPs have good water solubility, low cytotoxicity, and biocompatibility as a dual-modal contrast agent. Currently, there is limited systematic and intensive investigation of Ho-based nanomaterials for dual-modal imaging. Our PEG-HoF3 NPs provide a new direction to realize in vitro and vivo CT/MRI imaging, as well as validation of Ho-based nanomaterials will verify their potential for biomedical applications.
Cardiac Activation Maps Reconstruction: A Comparative Study Between Data-Driven and Physics-Based Methods
Authors: Karoui Amel , Bendahmane Mostafa , Zemzemi Nejib
Published: August 2021

One of the essential diagnostic tools of cardiac arrhythmia is activation mapping. Noninvasive current mapping procedures include electrocardiographic imaging. It allows reconstructing heart surface potentials from measured body surface potentials. Then, activation maps are generated using the heart surface potentials. Recently, a study suggests to deploy artificial neural networks to estimate activation maps directly from body surface potential measurements. Here we carry out a comparative study between the data-driven approach DirectMap and noninvasive classic technique based on reconstructed heart surface potentials using both Finite element method combined with L1-norm regularization (FEM-L1) and the spatial adaptation of Time-delay neural networks (SATDNN-AT). In this work, we assess the performance of the three approaches using a synthetic single paced-rhythm dataset generated on the atria surface. The results show that data-driven approach DirectMap quantitatively outperforms the two other methods. In fact, we observe an absolute activation time error and a correlation coefficient, respectively, equal to 7.20ms, 93.2% using DirectMap, 14.60ms, 76.2% using FEM-L1 and 13.58ms, 79.6% using SATDNN-AT. In addition, results show that data-driven approaches (DirectMap and SATDNN-AT) are strongly robust against additive gaussian noise compared to FEM-L1.
The Influence of Epigenetic Modifications on Metabolic Changes in White Adipose Tissue and Liver and Their Potential Impact in Exercise
Authors: Axsom Jessie E. , Schmidt Heath D. , Matura Lea Ann , Libonati Joseph R.
Published: August 2021

Background: Epigenetic marks are responsive to a wide variety of environmental stimuli and serve as important mediators for gene transcription. A number of chromatin modifying enzymes orchestrate epigenetic responses to environmental stimuli, with a growing body of research examining how changes in metabolic substrates or co-factors alter epigenetic modifications.

Scope of Review: Here, we provide a systematic review of existing evidence of metabolism-related epigenetic changes in white adipose tissue (WAT) and the liver and generate secondary hypotheses on how exercise may impact metabolism-related epigenetic marks in these tissues.

Major Conclusions: Epigenetic changes contribute to the complex transcriptional responses associated with WAT lipolysis, hepatic de novo lipogenesis, and hepatic gluconeogenesis. While these metabolic responses may hypothetically be altered with acute and chronic exercise, direct testing is needed.
Every Night and Every Morn: Effect of Variation in CLOCK Gene on Depression Depends on Exposure to Early and Recent Stress
Authors: Gyorik Dorka , Eszlari Nora , Gal Zsofia , Torok Dora , Baksa Daniel , Kristof Zsuliet , Sutori Sara , Petschner Peter , Juhasz Gabriella , Bagdy Gyorgy , Gonda Xenia
Published: August 2021

The role of circadian dysregulation is increasingly acknowledged in the background of depressive symptoms, and is also a promising treatment target. Similarly, stress shows a complex relationship with the circadian system. The CLOCK gene, encoding a key element in circadian regulation has been implicated in previous candidate variant studies in depression with contradictory findings, and only a few such studies considered the interacting effects of stress. We investigated the effect of CLOCK variation with a linkage-disequilibrium-based clumping method, in interaction with childhood adversities and recent negative life events, on two phenotypes of depression, lifetime depression and current depressive symptoms in a general population sample.

Methods: Participants in NewMood study completed questionnaires assessing childhood adversities and recent negative life events, the Brief Symptom Inventory to assess current depressive symptoms, provided data on lifetime depression, and were genotyped for 1054 SNPs in the CLOCK gene, 370 of which survived quality control and were entered into linear and logistic regression models with current depressive symptoms and lifetime depression as the outcome variable, and childhood adversities or recent life events as interaction variables followed by a linkage disequilibrium-based clumping process to identify clumps of SNPs with a significant main or interaction effect.

Results: No significant clumps with a main effect were found. In interaction with recent life events a significant clump containing 94 SNPs with top SNP rs6825994 for dominant and rs6850524 for additive models on current depression was identified, while in interaction with childhood adversities on current depressive symptoms, two clumps, both containing 9 SNPs were found with top SNPs rs6828454 and rs711533.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that CLOCK contributes to depressive symptoms, but via mediating the effects of early adversities and recent stressors. Given the increasing burden on circadian rhythmicity in the modern lifestyle and our expanding insight into the contribution of circadian disruption in depression especially as a possible mediator of stress, our results may pave the way for identifying those who would be at an increased risk for depressogenic effects of circadian dysregulation in association with stress as well as new molecular targets for intervention in stress-related psychopathologies in mood disorders.
On the Lightweight Truss Structure for the Trash Can-Handling Robot
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Li Yan , Xu Xiang , Chen Xinbo
Published: August 2021

With the rapid development of cities, the automated and intelligent garbage transportation has become an important direction for technological innovation of sanitation vehicles. In this paper, a vehicle-mounted trash can-handling robot is proposed. In order to reduce the cost of the robot and increase the loading capacity of the intelligent sanitation vehicles, a lightweight design method is proposed for the truss structure of the robot. Firstly, the parameters of the robot that are related to the load are optimized by multi-objective parameter optimization based on particle swarm optimization. Then, the material distribution of the truss structure is optimized by topology optimization under multiple load cases. Finally, the thickness of the truss structure parts is optimized by discrete optimization under multiple load cases. The optimization results show that the mass of the truss structure is reduced by 8.72%, the inherent frequency is increased by 61.08%, and the maximum stress is reduced by 10.98%. The optimization results achieve the goal of performance optimization of the intelligent sanitation vehicle, and prove the feasibility of the proposed lightweight design method.
Vitamins A and D and Zinc Affect the Leshmanicidal Activity of Canine Spleen Leukocytes
Authors: Hernandez Fabiana M. de O. , Santos Marilene O. , Venturin Gabriela L. , Bragato Jaqueline P. , Rebech Gabriela T. , Melo Larissa M. , Costa Sidnei F. , de Freitas Jéssica H. , Siqueira Carlos Eduardo , Morais Déborah A. , Júnior Wellington T. de S. , Júnior Fernando B. , Lopes Flávia L. , de Lima Valéria M. F.
Published: August 2021

Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a chronic disease caused by Leishmania infantum, and the limitations of the current treatments have encouraged new alternatives, such as the use of immunomodulatory nutrients. The objective of this study was to determine the serum levels of vitamin A (retinol), vitamin D (25(OH)VD3), and zinc (Zn) in dogs with CanL and the effect of in vitro supplementation with the respective active forms ATRA, 1,25(OH)2VD3, and SZn on spleen leukocyte cultures. Serum retinol, 25(OH)VD3, and Zn were determined by HPLC, ELISA, and ICP-MS, respectively. Spleen leukocyte cultures were used for the detection of NO and ROS by flow cytometry; the IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 levels were determined by ELISA; and the parasite load was determined by microscopy. We detected low serum levels of retinol and Zn and high levels of 25(OH)VD3 in the CanL group. The in vitro supplementation of CanL spleen leukocytes with ATRA, 1,25(OH)2VD3, and SZn, in addition to a soluble leishmania antigen (SLA) treatment, increased the NO and ROS levels, while the treatments with only ATRA and SZn increased the TNF-a levels. Increased IL-10 and IFN-g levels were observed with the addition of SLA to the medium, although the addition of the three nutrients led to a reduction of the IL-10 levels, and the addition of 1,25(OH)2VD3 and SZn led to a reduction of IFN-g. A supplementation with 1,25(OH)2VD3 and SZn reduced the parasite load but only in the absence of SLA. We suggest that the nutrients we tested are involved in the leishmanicidal mechanism, showing a potential for investigation in future studies.
Pacific and Atlantic Multidecadal Variability Relations with the Choco and Caribbean Low-Level Jets during the 1900–2015 Period
Authors: Cerón Wilmar L. , Kayano Mary T. , Andreoli Rita V. , Avila-Diaz Alvaro , de Souza Itamara Parente , Souza Rodrigo A. F.
Published: August 2021

This study analyzes the variability of the Choco jet (CJ) and Caribbean low-level jet (CLLJ) with consideration of the simultaneous Pacific interdecadal oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) low-frequency mean states and their effects on the atmospheric circulation and rainfall in northwestern South America and Central America for the 1900–2015 period, during the seasons with the highest intensities of the CJ (September–November (SON)) and the CLLJ (June–August). Variations in the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly positioning in the eastern Pacific, tropical North Atlantic (TNA)/Caribbean Sea during different mean states restrict the anomalous circulation, and, consequently, the intensity of the CJ and CLLJ. During the warm AMO (WAMO)/cold PDO (CPDO), the SST gradient from the tropical Pacific into the TNA, accompanied by a cyclonic circulation near the east coast of the Americas, intensifies the west–east circulation in the region, strengthening the CJ and weakening the CLLJ during SON such that rainfall increases over Colombia, Central America and in adjacent oceans. During the cold AMO (CAMO)/warm PDO (WPDO) phase, a relative east/west SST gradient occurs in TNA, consistent with a cyclonic circulation in western TNA, establishing an anomalous southwest–northwestward circulation from the eastern Pacific into the Caribbean basin, forming a well-configured CJ, increasing precipitation over Central America and its adjacent oceans. For the CLLJ, during CAMO phases, the anticyclonic circulations extended over most of the TNA favor its intensification from 30° W to the Caribbean Sea. In contrast, during WAMO, the cyclonic circulation near the east coast of the United States restricts its intensification to the Caribbean Sea region. To the best of our knowledge, the results presented here are new and might be useful in atmospheric modeling and extreme event studies.
Association between Visceral Adiposity Index, Binge Eating Behavior, and Grey Matter Density in Caudal Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Severe Obesity
Authors: Iceta Sylvain , Dadar Mahsa , Daoust Justine , Scovronec Anais , Leblanc Vicky , Pelletier Melissa , Biertho Laurent , Tchernof André , Bégin Catherine , Michaud Andreanne
Published: August 2021

Visceral adipose tissue accumulation is an important determinant of metabolic risk and can be estimated by the visceral adiposity index (VAI). Visceral adiposity may impact brain regions involved in eating behavior. We aimed to examine the association between adiposity measurements, binge eating behavior, and grey matter density. In 20 men and 59 women with severe obesity, Grey matter density was measured by voxel-based morphometry for six regions of interest associated with reward, emotion, or self-regulation: insula, orbitofrontal cortex, caudal and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Binge eating behavior, depression and impulsivity was assessed by the Binge Eating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory and UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale, respectively. Men and women were distinctively divided into two subgroups (low-VAI and high-VAI) based on the mean VAI score. Women with high-VAI were characterized by metabolic alterations, higher binge eating score and lower grey matter density in the caudal ACC compared to women with low-VAI. Men with high-VAI were characterized by a higher score for the sensation-seeking subscale of the UPPS–Impulsive Behavior Scale compared to men with low-VAI. Using a moderation–mediation analysis, we found that grey matter density in the caudal ACC mediates the association between VAI and binge eating score. In conclusion, visceral adiposity is associated with higher binge eating severity in women. Decreased grey matter density in the caudal ACC, a region involved in cognition and emotion regulation, may influence this relationship.
TCR Clonality and Genomic Instability Signatures as Prognostic Biomarkers in High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Lecuelle Julie , Boidot Romain , Mananet Hugo , Derangère Valentin , Albuisson Juliette , Goussot Vincent , Arnould Laurent , Tharin Zoé , Ray Coquard Isabelle , Ghiringhelli François , Truntzer Caroline , Fumet Jean-David
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Immune infiltration is a prognostic factor in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) but immunotherapy efficacy is disappointing. Genomic instability is now used to guide the therapeutic value of PARP inhibitors. We aimed to investigate exome-derived parameters to assess the tumor microenvironment according to genomic instability profile. Methods: We used the HGSC TCGA (the cancer genome atlas) dataset with genomic characteristics, including homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), copy number variant (CNV) signatures, TCR (T cell receptor) clonality and abundance of tissue-infiltrating immune and stromal cell populations. We then investigated the relationship with survival data. Results: In 578 HGSC patients, HRD status, CNV signature 7 and TCR clonality were associated with longer survival. The combination of high CNV signature 7 expression and HRD status or high CNV signature 3 expression and high TCR clonality was associated with a trend towards longer survival compared to each variable alone. Combining T cell infiltrate and TCR clonality improved the prognostic value compared to T cells infiltration alone. Prognostic value of TCR clonality was confirmed in an independent cohort. Conclusions: TCR clonality is an emerging prognostic biomarker that improves T cell infiltrate information. Analysis of TCR clonality combined with genomic instability could be an interesting prognostic biomarker.
p27Kip1, an Intrinsically Unstructured Protein with Scaffold Properties
Authors: Bencivenga Debora , Stampone Emanuela , Roberti Domenico , Della Ragione Fulvio , Borriello Adriana
Published: August 2021

The Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) regulator p27Kip1 is a gatekeeper of G1/S transition. It also regulates G2/M progression and cytokinesis completion, via CDK-dependent or -independent mechanisms. Recently, other important p27Kip1 functions have been described, including the regulation of cell motility and migration, the control of cell differentiation program and the activation of apoptosis/autophagy. Several factors modulate p27Kip1 activities, including its level, cellular localization and post-translational modifications. As a matter of fact, the protein is phosphorylated, ubiquitinated, SUMOylated, O-linked N-acetylglicosylated and acetylated on different residues. p27Kip1 belongs to the family of the intrinsically unstructured proteins and thus it is endowed with a large flexibility and numerous interactors, only partially identified. In this review, we look at p27Kip1 properties and ascribe part of its heterogeneous functions to the ability to act as an anchor or scaffold capable to participate in the construction of different platforms for modulating cell response to extracellular signals and allowing adaptation to environmental changes.
The Interplay between Glioblastoma and Its Microenvironment
Authors: Dapash Mark , Hou David , Castro Brandyn , Lee-Chang Catalina , Lesniak Maciej S.
Published: August 2021

GBM is the most common primary brain tumor in adults, and the aggressive nature of this tumor contributes to its extremely poor prognosis. Over the years, the heterogeneous and adaptive nature of GBM has been highlighted as a major contributor to the poor efficacy of many treatments including various immunotherapies. The major challenge lies in understanding and manipulating the complex interplay among the different components within the tumor microenvironment (TME). This interplay varies not only by the type of cells interacting but also by their spatial distribution with the TME. This review highlights the various immune and non-immune components of the tumor microenvironment and their consequences f the efficacy of immunotherapies. Understanding the independent and interdependent aspects of the various sub-populations encapsulated by the immune and non-immune components will allow for more targeted therapies. Meanwhile, understanding how the TME creates and responds to different environmental pressures such as hypoxia may allow for other multimodal approaches in the treatment of GBM. Ultimately, a better understanding of the GBM TME will aid in the development and advancement of more effective treatments and in improving patient outcomes.
The Role of Copper in the Regulation of Ferroportin Expression in Macrophages
Authors: Jończy Aneta , Mazgaj Rafał , Smuda Ewa , Żelazowska Beata , Kopeć Zuzanna , Starzyński Rafał Radosław , Lipiński Paweł
Published: August 2021

The critical function of ferroportin (Fpn) in maintaining iron homeostasis requires complex and multilevel control of its expression. Besides iron-dependent cellular and systemic control of Fpn expression, other metals also seem to be involved in regulating the Fpn gene. Here, we found that copper loading significantly enhanced Fpn transcription in an Nrf2-dependent manner in primary bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). However, prolonged copper loading resulted in decreased Fpn protein abundance. Moreover, CuCl2 treatment induced Fpn expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages at both the mRNA and protein level. These data suggest that cell-type-specific regulations have an impact on Fpn protein stability after copper loading. Transcriptional suppression of Fpn after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment contributes to increased iron storage inside macrophages and may result in anemia of inflammation. Here, we observed that in both primary BMDMs and RAW 264.7 macrophages, LPS treatment significantly decreased Fpn mRNA levels, but concomitant CuCl2 stimulation counteracted the transcriptional suppression of Fpn and restored its expression to the control level. Overall, we show that copper loading significantly enhances Fpn transcription in macrophages, while Fpn protein abundance in response to CuCl2 treatment, depending on macrophage type and factors specific to the macrophage population, can influence Fpn regulation in response to copper loading.
LC/8YSZ TBCs Thermal Cycling Life and Failure Mechanism under Extreme Temperature Gradients
Authors: Liu Kun , Chen Xi , Du Kangping , Wang Yu , Du Jinguang , Wang Xinsheng , Ming Wuyi
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this paper is to study the thermal shock resistance and failure mechanism of La2Ce2O7/8YSZ double-ceramic-layer thermal barrier coatings (LC/8YSZ DCL TBCs) under extreme temperature gradients. At high surface temperatures, thermal shock and infrared temperature measuring modules were used to determine the thermal cycling life and insulation temperature of LC/8YSZ DCL TBCs under extreme temperature gradients by an oxygen–acetylene gas flame testing machine. A viscoelastic model was used to obtain the stress law of solid phase sintering of a coating system using the finite element method. Results and Conclusion: (1) Thermal cycling life was affected by the surface temperature of LC/8YSZ DCL TBCs and decreased sharply with the increase of surface temperature. (2) The LC ceramic surface of the failure coating was sintered, and the higher the temperature, the faster the sintering process. (3) Accelerated life test results showed that high temperature thermal cycling life is not only related to thermal fatigue of ceramic layer, but is also related to the sintering degree of the coating. (4) Although the high temperature thermal stress had great influence on the coating, great sintering stress was produced with sintering of the LC ceramic layer, which is the main cause of LC/8YSZ DCL TBC failure. The above results indicate that for new TBC ceramic materials, especially those for engines above class F, their sinterability should be fully considered. Sintering affects the thermal shock properties at high temperature. Our research results can provide reference for material selection and high temperature performance research.
Wear and Corrosion Resistance of CoCrFeNiSiMoW Medium-Entropy Alloy Coatings on Q235 Steel
Authors: Hu Qingxian , Wang Xiaoli , Shen Xinwang , Fu Fanglian , Tan Zemin
Published: August 2021

CoCrFeNiSiMoW medium-entropy alloy coatings (MEACs) were fabricated by plasma-arc surfacing welding on Q235 steel. The microstructures and mechanical properties of CoCrFeNiSiMoW MEACs were studied. CoCrFeNiSiMoW MEACs are made from a mixture of NiCrCoMo cubic (FCC) solid solution phase, (Fe, Ni), Mo1.24Ni0.76, and CoCx phases by XRD analysis. The average hardness values of the one- and two-layer CoCrFeNiSiMoW MEACs obtained were 186 ± 1.56 and 198 ± 1.78 HV, respectively. Compared with the one-layer CoCrFeNiSiMoW coating, the two-layer coating has a better wear performance due to its higher hardness. Its corrosion resistance is better because of its higher Ni content.
Evaluating the Performance of a Forest Succession Model to Predict the Long-Term Dynamics of Tree Species in Mixed Boreal Forests Using Historical Data in Northern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Larocque Guy R. , Bell F. Wayne
Published: August 2021

Environmental concerns and economic pressures on forest ecosystems have led to the development of sustainable forest management practices. As a consequence, forest managers must evaluate the long-term effects of their management decisions on potential forest successional pathways. As changes in forest ecosystems occur very slowly, simulation models are logical and efficient tools to predict the patterns of forest growth and succession. However, as models are an imperfect representation of reality, it is desirable to evaluate them with historical long-term forest data. Using remeasured tree and stand data from three data sets from two ecoregions in northern Ontario, the succession gap model ZELIG-CFS was evaluated for mixed boreal forests composed of black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.), balsam fir (Abies balsamea [L.] Mill.), jack pine (Pinus banksiana L.), white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss), trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.), American larch (Larix laricina [Du Roi] K. Koch), and balsam poplar (Populus balsamefera L.). The comparison of observed and predicted basal areas and stand densities indicated that ZELIG-CFS predicted the dynamics of most species consistently for periods varying between 5 and 57 simulation years. The patterns of forest succession observed in this study support gap phase dynamics at the plot scale and shade-tolerance complementarity hypotheses at the regional scale.
Antihypertensive and Probiotic Effects of Hidakakombu (Saccharina angustata) Fermented by Lacticaseibacillus casei 001
Authors: Sekine Tetsuya , Nagai Hiroshi , Hamada-Sato Naoko
Published: August 2021

Hidakakombu (Saccharina angustata), commonly known as kelp, is an edible macroalgae mainly grown in the Hidaka region of Hokkaido. Hidakakombu is graded based on its shape and color. Low-grade Hidakakombu has low value and is distributed at a low price. It is desired to establish a method to add value to low-grade Hidakakombu. In this study, low-grade Hidakakombu was fermented by Lacticaseibacillus casei 001 to add value. Fermentation of Hidakaombu enhanced the inhibition of blood pressure elevation due to ACE inhibition. L. casei 001 in fermented Hidakakombu remained viable in simulated gastric and intestinal juices. The ACE inhibitory component in L. casei 001-fermented Hidakakombu was isolated from the fraction below 3 kDa using high-performance liquid chromatography. The purified amino acid was identified as D-Trp using nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectroscopy, and optical rotation measurements. This is the first report on the ACE inhibitory activity of D-Trp in L. casei 001-fermented Hidakakombu. Hidakakombu fermented by L. casei 001 was shown to be a source of probiotics and functional components against hypertension. Therefore, fermentation by L. casei 001 was found to be an effective means of adding high value to low-grade Hidakombu.