bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Smart Evacuation System for Fire Response in Apartments
Authors: Heo Gwanghee , Kim Youngbeom , Seo Sanggu , Jeon Seunggon , Lee Jaehoon , Kim Daehyuck
Published: August 2021

A smart evacuation system is developed herein to reduce damage to lives and property by inducing rapid evacuation of the residents in the event of apartment fires. The smart evacuation system provides a safe evacuation environment and the best physical evacuation conditions by detecting the loads to be applied to evacuation facilities at all times. In addition, fire information is automatically disseminated to the residents and managers during a fire for initial evacuation, and the function for early fire extinguishing is enabled via report to the 119 situation room. The smart evacuation system comprises a safety ladder for evacuation, an ideal detection system to detect obstructions in the evacuation facilities, and a communication system to quickly inform authorities, residents, and managers of a fire. To verify effective performance of the safety ladder, real safety ladders were constructed and their structural performance and usability were verified. In addition, to ensure their permanent space in evacuation facilities, we verified that obstructions to evacuation were accurately detected as anomalies in real time using contactless sensors and communication modules. Finally, the fire information was sent to residents and managers in case of a fire to assist evacuation as well as reported to 119 for rapid suppression. Thus, we demonstrate that the smart evacuation system allows safe and effective evacuation with fast and accurate information in the event of a fire and is useful for initial response for fire suppression.
Experimental Study on the Spread Characteristics of Initial Fires According to Corridor Types
Authors: Kweon Oh Sang , Kang Hyun , Kim Heung-Youl
Published: August 2021

During an accidental fire in buildings, the corridor becomes the path for flame and smoke to spread, exposing the occupants to danger. Therefore, this study conducted real-scale fire experiments using corridors of size 2.4(L) × 10(W) × 2.4(H) m an “L-type” corridor for one-way evacuation and a “T-type” corridor for two-way evacuation to analyze the characteristics of fire according to the shape of corridors. The real-scale fire experiments were conducted in a fire room (2.4(L) × 3.6(W) × 2.4(H) m) with a single opening (2.0(W) × 1.8(H) m). The combustibles used inside the fire room were wood cribs, with a heat release rate of 651.4 kW, in the L-type corridor and chairs, with a heat release rate of 95.7 kW, in the T-type corridor. The temperature inside the corridor was measured during the real-scale fire experiments, and the average maximum measured temperature was 432.1 °C in the L-type corridor and 103.5 °C in the T-type corridor. The experimental results and the ventilation characteristics according to the corridor types were applied to BFD curves to show the process of designing fire growth models according to corridor types.
Uncapped Gold Nanoparticles for the Metallization of Organic Monolayers
Authors: Martín‐Barreiro Alba , Soto Rogelio , Chiodini Stefano , García‐Serrano Aitor , Martín Santiago , Herrer Lucía , Pérez‐Murano Francesc , Low Paul J. , Serrano José Luis , de Marcos Susana , Galban Javier , Cea Pilar
Published: August 2021

Deposition of the top‐contact electrode to create large‐area electrode | monolayer | electrode junctions represents a contemporary challenge to the integration of molecular electronic phenomena into device structures. Here, a top contact electrode is formed on top of an organic monolayer over a large area (cm2) by two simple, sequential self‐assembly steps. Initial self‐assembly of 4,4′‐(1,4‐phenylenebis(ethyne‐2,1‐diyl))dianiline onto gold‐on‐glass substrates gives high‐quality monolayers. The exposed amine functionality is subsequently used to anchor uncapped gold nanoparticles deposited in a second self‐assembly step. These uncapped gold nanoparticles are prepared by thermolysis of lipoic acid stabilized gold nanoclusters and contain gold oxide (≈9%) that provides stability in the absence of an organic capping ligand. This two‐step procedure results in full coverage of the monolayer by the densely packed gold nanoparticles, which spontaneously condense to give a semi‐continuous film. The electrical properties of these junctions are determined from I–V curves, revealing uniform electrical response and absence of metallic short‐circuits or evidence of damage to the underlying molecular monolayer. These promising electrical characteristics suggest that the deposition of uncapped gold nanoparticles on suitably functionalized molecular monolayers provides a path for the fabrication of molecular electronic devices using simple methodologies.
CMOS‐Inspired Complementary Fluidic Circuits for Soft Robots
Authors: Song Sukho , Joshi Sagar , Paik Jamie
Published: August 2021

The latest efforts in digital fluidic circuits’ research aim at being electronics‐free, light‐weight, and compliant controllers for soft robots; however, challenges arise to adjust the fluidic circuit's digital logic operations. Currently there is no other way to modulate the amplitude or frequency but to structurally redesign the entire fluidic circuitry. This is mainly because there is currently no method to create an analog circuit‐like behavior in the digital fluidic circuits using conventional digitized fluidic gates. In this work, a new approach is presented to designing a circuit with digitized fluidic gates that is comparable to an analog circuit capable of actively tuning the circuit's fluidic characteristics, such as pressure gain, amplitude of output, and time response. For the first time, a pressure‐controlled oscillator is modeled, designed, and prototyped that not only controls the fluidic oscillation, but also modulates its frequency using only a single, quasi‐static pressure input. It can also demonstrate the circuit's performance for the control of a soft robotic system by actively modulating the motion of a soft earthworm robot up to twice of crawling speeds. This work has distinct contributions to designing and building intelligent pneumatic controllers toward truly comprehensive soft robotic systems.
A People‐Focused Systems Approach to Sustainability
Authors: Harré Niki , Blythe Charlotte , McLean Lucy , Khan Shagoofa
Published: August 2021

Creating organizations that promote human and ecological flourishing (i.e., sustainability) is a key challenge for contemporary societies. Here, we offer a people‐focused systems approach to organizational sustainability based on an action research project conducted at Western Springs College/Ngā Puna O Waiōrea, a bicultural high school in Aotearoa New Zealand. The project ran from 2008 to 2018 and drew on the values and skills of community psychology and environmental education to build what we call a “sustainable social system” (SSS). In 2018/19, we conducted interviews with 23 key people involved in sustainability efforts at the school and analyzed the minutes of 46 meetings of the school’s Sustainability Panel. We used a complex systems approach to produce a map of the core people, purpose, infrastructure, and activities components and sub‐systems in the SSS, as well as its emergent properties of a sustainability culture and identities. We describe the historical trajectory of the SSS and discuss seven features that we consider of particular significance in contributing to its growth and resilience. We then offer steps toward a people‐focused SSS led by insiders with sustainability values. These include establishing a democratic and inclusive sustainability network, and attempting to integrate sustainability with the organization’s essential activities.
Defying Thermodynamics: Stabilization of Alane Within Covalent Triazine Frameworks for Reversible Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Stavila Vitalie , Li Sichi , Dun Chaochao , Marple Maxwell A. T. , Mason Harris E. , Snider Jonathan L. , Reynolds Joseph E. , El Gabaly Farid , Sugar Joshua D. , Spataru Catalin D. , Zhou Xiaowang , Dizdar Brennan , Majzoub Eric H. , Chatterjee Ruchira , Yano Junko , Schlomberg Hendrik , Lotsch Bettina V. , Urban Jeffrey J. , Wood Brandon C. , Allendorf Mark D.
Published: August 2021

The highly unfavorable thermodynamics of direct aluminum hydrogenation can be overcome by stabilizing alane within a nanoporous bipyridine‐functionalized covalent triazine framework (AlH3@CTF‐bipyridine). This material and the counterpart AlH3@CTF‐biphenyl rapidly desorb H2 between 95 and 154 °C, with desorption complete at 250 °C. Sieverts measurements, 27Al MAS NMR and 27Al{1H} REDOR experiments, and computational spectroscopy reveal that AlH3@CTF‐bipyridine dehydrogenation is reversible at 60 °C under 700 bar hydrogen, >10 times lower pressure than that required to hydrogenate bulk aluminum. DFT calculations and EPR measurements support an unconventional mechanism whereby strong AlH3 binding to bipyridine results in single‐electron transfer to form AlH2(AlH3)n clusters. The resulting size‐dependent charge redistribution alters the dehydrogenation/rehydrogenation thermochemistry, suggesting a novel strategy to enable reversibility in high‐capacity metal hydrides.
Background‐Free Proton NMR Spectroscopy with Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission Radiation
Authors: Joalland Baptiste , Theis Thomas , Appelt Stephan , Chekmenev Eduard Y.
Published: August 2021

We report on the utility of Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission Radiation (RASER) for background‐free proton detection of hyperpolarized biomolecules. We performed hyperpolarization of ≈0.3 M ethyl acetate via pairwise parahydrogen addition to vinyl acetate. A proton NMR signal with signal‐to‐noise ratio exceeding 100 000 was detected without radio‐frequency excitation at the clinically relevant magnetic field of 1.4 T using a standard (non‐cryogenic) inductive detector with quality factor of Q=68. No proton background signal was observed from protonated solvent (methanol) or other added co‐solvents such as ethanol, water or bovine serum. Moreover, we demonstrate RASER detection without radio‐frequency excitation of a bolus of hyperpolarized contrast agent in biological fluid. Completely background‐free proton detection of hyperpolarized contrast agents in biological media paves the way to new applications in the areas of high‐resolution NMR spectroscopy and in vivo spectroscopy and imaging.
Microscale Interfacial Polymerization on a Chip
Authors: Rocca Marco , Dufresne Maxime , Salva Marie , Niemeyer Christof M. , Delamarche Emmanuel
Published: August 2021

Forming hydrogels with precise geometries is challenging and mostly done using photopolymerization, which involves toxic chemicals, rinsing steps, solvents, and bulky optical equipment. Here, we introduce a new method for in situ formation of hydrogels with a well‐defined geometry in a sealed microfluidic chip by interfacial polymerization. The geometry of the hydrogel is programmed by microfluidic design using capillary pinning structures and bringing into contact solutions containing hydrogel precursors from vicinal channels. The characteristics of the hydrogel (mesh size, molecular weight cut‐off) can be readily adjusted. This method is compatible with capillary‐driven microfluidics, fast, uses small volumes of reagents and samples, and does not require specific laboratory equipment. Our approach creates opportunities for filtration, hydrogel functionalization, and hydrogel‐based assays, as exemplified by a rapid, compact competitive immunoassay that does not require a rinsing step.
Low‐density polyethylene tubular reactor control using neural Wiener model predictive control
Authors: Muhammad Dinie , Rohman Fakhrony S. , Ahmad Zainal , Aziz Norashid
Published: August 2021

Low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) is a valued commodity plastic with versatile applications. However, controlling the LDPE polymerization reactor is a challenging task due to its nonlinear behavior and multivariable process and operates in a board operating region. This work aims to develop and explore the neural Wiener MPC (NWMPC) application in controlling the LDPE tubular reactor process. The motivation for NWMPC development originates from its advantage in terms of lower development effort, time, resource, and computational costs compared to nonlinear MPC (NMPC) using the first principle model (FPM). In order to develop the LDPE tubular reactor model, the Aspen Plus and Aspen Dynamic software are used to simulate the process in steady‐state and dynamic form. The neural Wiener (NW) model identification is performed using state space and neural network model identification using Matlab software. The identification result shows the ability of the NW model to identify the nonlinear LDPE tubular reactor process successfully. Furthermore, the NWMPC has outperformed the state space MPC (SSMPC) in controlling grade transition, feed pressure loss, feed impurity disturbance, and heat of polymerization change during the online closed‐loop performance tests. These results signify the ability of NWMPC to handle practical LDPE tubular reactor control scenarios.
Archaeological prospection north of Schinias rowing centre in Marathon at the site of ancient Trikorynthos
Authors: Tsokas Grigorios N. , Tsourlos Panagiotis I. , Steinhauer G. , Stampolidis Alexandros , Vargemezis George , Chavanidis Constantinos
Published: August 2021

A large‐scale geophysical survey was carried out at the foothills of a topographic table hosting the ruins of the ancient city ‘Trikorynthos’, in the area of Marathon, north of Athens. The explored site assumed to host remnants of ancient constructions belonging to the ancient city. Although the explored site is associated with the final phase of the famous Marathon battle, it was not expected to bear any signs of that event. Because the bulk of the survey had to be during the dry period, resistivity mapping could not be carried out. Further, tests of magnetic prospecting proved unsuccessful, leaving the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) survey as the only alternative. Therefore, a total area of about 10 000 m2was covered by ERTs during the dry months of 2001. A few months later, during the wet winter period, about 5500 m2were explored by resistivity mapping. The electrical tomographic imaging was extensive, leading to the collection of a large volume of tomographic data. The distance between the measured electrical sections was ranging from 0.6 to 2.4 m at places, depending on the nature of the expected targets. The large number of ERTs carried out renders the survey as one of the largest worldwide of this kind. Processing and interpretation of the tomographic data was carried out in three‐dimensional (3D) using custom‐built algorithms. The inverted data were combined to produce depth slices and 3D images. A few months after the ERT survey, the wet winter conditions allowed the conduct of resistance mapping. Thus, spatially limited resistivity mapping was carried out to complement the ERT survey. The whole operation resulted in detecting and mapping various concealed structures, some of which were verified by the subsequent excavation. Therefore, the ancient use of the area is revealed by the combined result of the geophysical investigation and excavation. In fact, the area should had comprised a road network with extended cemetery westwards and rural premises at the TEST side.
Comprehensive and High‐throughput Electrolysis of Water and Urea by 3–5 nm Nickel and Copper Coordination Polymers
Authors: Kumar Ashwani , Parvin Sahanaz , Das Raj Kumar , Bhattacharyya Sayan
Published: August 2021

Metal‐organic coordination polymers (CP) have attracted the scientific attention for electrochemical water oxidation as it has the similar coordination structure like natural photosynthetic coordinated complex. However, the harsh synthesis conditions and bulky nature pose a major challenge in the field of catalysis. Herein, 3–5 nm CP particles synthesized at room temperature using aqueous solutions of Ni2+/Cu2+ and 2,5‐dihydroxyterepthalic acid as precursor were applied for alkaline water and urea electrolysis. The overpotential required is only 300 mV at 10 mA cm−2 by Nano‐Ni CP for water oxidation, with turnover frequency (TOF) of 21.4 s−1 which is around 8 times higher than its bulk‐counterpart. Overall water and urea splitting were achieved with Nano‐Cu (−) ∥ Nano‐Ni (+) couple on Ni foam at 1.69 and 1.52 V to achieve 10 mA cm−2, respectively. High electrochemical surface area (ECSA), high TOF, and enhanced mass diffusion are found to be the key parameters responsible for the state‐of‐the‐art water and urea splitting performances of nano‐CPs as compared to their bulk counterparts.
Child Sexual Exploitation: A Survey of Knowledge and Confidence of Healthcare Providers in Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Nyhus‐Runtz Kira , Pederson Payton , Clay Adam , Liskowich Sarah , Beaurivage Barb
Published: August 2021

Key Practitioner Messages

Many human trafficking victims access healthcare, but most are not identified.

Healthcare providers' overall knowledge in identifying commercially sexually exploited children was strong.

Healthcare providers lack confidence in identifying and managing sexually exploited children.
γ‐Lactam‐Based Antifungal Compounds against the Wheat Pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici
Authors: Damiens Audrey , Dascalu Anca‐Elena , Taghi Alebrahim Mohammad , Furman Christophe , Lipka Emmanuelle , Ghinet Alina , Hilbert Jean‐Louis , Siah Ali , Billamboz Muriel
Published: August 2021

As new environmentally friendly and effective antifungal agents are deeply needed, efficient ecofriendly strategies were designed to access two series of compounds inspired from natural γ‐lactams. Designed compounds were fully characterized and evaluated as antifungal candidates against Zymoseptoria tritici, the main pathogen on wheat crops. The targeted derivatives were prepared from natural resources using green solvents, simple procedures, and limited purification steps. These bio‐inspired compounds revealed as good candidates for further development of efficient crop protection products. Indeed, the HIT compounds exhibited IC50 around 1 μg/mL and were more active than the references tebuconazole and bixafen towards some multidrug‐resistant strains. Two dozen of derivatives have been obtained for each series and allowed to establish early structure‐activity relationships useful for the development of next generation of γ‐lactam derivatives with improved efficacy.
Synthesis of Murrayaquinone‐A Derivatives and Investigation of Potential Anticancer Properties
Authors: Cagatay Elcin , Akyildiz Volkan , Ergun Yavuz , Kayali Hulya Ayar
Published: August 2021

A series of novel murrayaquinone a derivatives were synthesized and their anti‐cancer activity were evaluated on healthy colon cell lines (CCD‐18Co), primary (Caco‐2) and metastatic (DLD‐1) colon cancer cell lines. The results showed that the cytotoxicity of murrayaquinone molecules is significantly high even in micromolar levels. The DNA binding, cell cycle arrest and metabolic activity studies of these molecules were also carried out and the results showed that these molecules induce apoptosis. In conclusion, the data support further studies on murrayaquinone derivatives toward selection of a candidate for cancer treatment.
Facile Conversion of Molecularly Complex (Hetero)aryl Carboxylic Acids into Alkynes for Accelerated SAR Exploration
Authors: Lutter Ferdinand H. , Jouffroy Matthieu
Published: August 2021

1,2,3‐Triazoles are well‐established bioisosteres for amides, often installed as a result of structure−activity‐relationship (SAR) exploration. A straightforward approach to assess the effect of the replacement of an amide by a triazole would start from the carboxylic acid and the amine used for the formation of a given amide and convert them into the corresponding alkyne and azide for cyclization by copper‐catalyzed alkyne−azide cycloaddition (CuAAC). Herein, we report a functional‐group‐tolerant and operationally simple decarbonylative alkynylation that allows the conversion of complex (hetero)aryl carboxylic acids into alkynes. Furthermore, the utility of this method was demonstrated in the preparation of a triazolo analog of the commercial drug moclobemide. Lastly, mechanistic investigations using labeled carboxylic acid derivatives clearly show the decarbonylative nature of this transformation.
Nanostructured Copper Surface Kills ESKAPE Pathogens and Viruses in Minutes
Authors: Yi Guangshun , Riduan Siti Nurhanna , Armugam Arunmozhiarasi , Ong Jin Ting , Hon Pei Yun , Abdad Mohammad Yazid , Vasoo Shawn , Ang Brenda SP , Zhang Yugen
Published: August 2021

In the search for a fast contact‐killing antimicrobial surface to break the transmission pathway of lethal pathogens, nanostructured copper surfaces were found to exhibit the desired antimicrobial properties. Compared with plain copper, these nanostructured copper surfaces with Cu(OH)2 nano‐sword or CuO nano‐foam were found to completely eliminate pathogens at a fast rate, including clinically isolated drug resistant species. Additionally these nanostructured copper surfaces demonstrated potential antiviral properties when assessed against bacteriophages, as a viral surrogate, and murine hepatitis virus, a surrogate for SARS‐CoV‐2. The multiple modes of killing, physical killing and copper ion mediated killing contribute to the superior and fast kinetics of antimicrobial action against common microbes, and ESKAPE pathogens. Prototypes for air and water cleaning with current nanostructured copper surface have also been demonstrated.
Plateau's Problem as a Singular Limit of Capillarity Problems
Authors: King Darren , Maggi Francesco , Stuvard Salvatore
Published: August 2021

Soap films at equilibrium are modeled, rather than as surfaces, as regions of small total volume through the introduction of a capillarity problem with a homotopic spanning condition. This point of view introduces a length scale in the classical Plateau's problem, which is in turn recovered in the vanishing volume limit. This approximation of area minimizing hypersurfaces leads to an energy based selection principle for Plateau's problem, points at physical features of soap films that are unaccessible by simply looking at minimal surfaces, and opens several challenging questions. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Blockchain based cloud service security architecture with distributed machine learning for smart device traffic record transaction
Authors: Pon Partheeban , V Kavitha
Published: August 2021

In today's world, the transaction through the smart device has received greater attention and configures numerous applications which can efficiently process huge traffic records on a growing demand for service centers from the edge of the networks. Due to these immense growths, the concern raises in critical transaction records in terms of system security threats and efficiency issues in the smart devices. However, existing methods failed due to security attacks during the tenure of access transactions and aggregated services. Recently, blockchain technology enables service centers depends on various platforms to share transaction records. But, it is difficult to store the transaction record because of its size. To address these issues, we proposed a SECure LearningChain (SEC‐LearningChain) design based on the integration of blockchain technology, machine learning (ML), and cloud computing primitives are applied together for a secure data transaction in a Peer to Peer network as well as efficient data sharing service. This approach consists of four design models: First, an attack detection model detects the attack using threshold‐based anomalous traffic detector in the transaction network. Second, a mold blockchain transaction network model is designed based on the cryptographic hash and encryption to deal with threats and validate the identity verification process for a secure transaction. Next, the large‐scale transaction record is optimized and trains the ML model for the output prediction. Finally, the cloud assessment model manages the stored transaction records and easily share the accessed services across different cloud platforms for each service center. Furthermore, we prove that the SEC‐LearningChain design resists transmission control protocol flooding attack, denial of service attack, and falsify attack. Experimental results demonstrate that the performance of the SEC‐LearningChain achieves more number of transactions in each blocks over existing schemes.
Oral health in patients with end‐stage renal disease: A scoping review
Authors: Laheij Alexa , Rooijers Wietse , Bidar Lela , Haidari Lema , Neradova Aegida , de Vries Ralph , Rozema Frederik
Published: August 2021

Objectives

In patients with end stage, renal disease a high rate of morbidity and mortality is present. Studies suggest that end stage renal disease may affect oral health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a scoping review on periodontal disease, dental caries, xerostomia, and hyposalivation in end stage renal disease patients.

Materials and methods

A literature search (in PubMed and Embase.com) was performed up to September 29, 2020, in collaboration with a medical information specialist. Included outcome variables were the community periodontal index, probing pocket depth, gingival index, bleeding on probing, decayed‐missing‐filled‐teeth, carious‐absent‐obturated index, Xerostomia Inventory and the (un)stimulated whole salivary flow rate.

Results

Forty three out of 1293 studies were included in the final review comprising 7757 end stage renal disease patients. The average age was 58.3 ± 29.4 years. 28.2%–78.8% of patients reported xerostomia and the (un)stimulated salivary flow rates were significantly lower. Higher community periodontal index scores were measured in end stage renal disease patients. More decayed‐missing‐filled‐teeth were recorded, but no differences were found between groups.

Conclusions

Xerostomia and hyposalivation were highly prevalent in end stage renal disease patients. Patients have more deepened pockets, but an equal number of carious teeth compared to healthy controls.
Copper‐Catalyzed Electrosynthesis of Nitrite and Nitrate from Ammonia: Tuning the Selectivity via an Interplay Between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Johnston Sam , Kemp Liam , Turay Bila , Simonov Alexandr N. , Suryanto Bryan H. R. , MacFarlane Douglas R.
Published: August 2021

Electrocatalytic oxidation of ammonia is an appealing, low‐temperature process for the sustainable production of nitrites and nitrates that avoids the formation of pernicious N2O and can be fully powered by renewable electricity. Currently, however, the number of known efficient catalysts for such a reaction is limited. The present work demonstrates that copper‐based electrodes exhibit high electrocatalytic activity and selectivity for the NH3 oxidation to NO2− and NO3− in alkaline solutions. Systematic investigation of the effects of pH and potential on the kinetics of the reaction using voltammetric analysis andin situ Raman spectroscopy suggest that ammonia electrooxidation on copper occurrs via two primary catalytic mechanisms. In the first pathway, NH3 is converted to NO2− via a homogeneous electrocatalytic process mediated by redox transformations of aqueous [Cu(OH)4]−/2− species, which dissolve from the electrode. The second pathway is the heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of NH3 on the electrode surface favoring the formation of NO3−. By virtue of its nature, the homogeneous‐mediated pathway enables higher selectivity and was less affected by electrode poisoning with the strongly adsorbed “N” intermediates that have plagued the electrocatalytic ammonia oxidation field. Thus, the selectivity of the Cu‐catalyzed NH3 oxidation towards either nitrite or nitrate can be achieved through balancing the kinetics of the two mechanisms by adjusting the pH of the electrolyte medium and potential.
Establishing consensus for labeling and defining the later stage of anorexia nervosa: A Delphi study
Authors: Broomfield Catherine , Noetel Melissa , Stedal Kristin , Hay Phillipa , Touyz Stephen
Published: August 2021

Objective

Varied perspectives on the later stage of anorexia nervosa (AN) have left the field of eating disorders without a consistent label or definition for this subpopulation. As a result, diverse criteria when recruiting participants have led to incomparable results across research studies and a lack of guidance when assessing and treating patients in the clinical context. The aim of the current study was to develop consensus‐based guidelines on the labeling and defining of the later stage of AN.

Method

Utilizing the Delphi methodology, a professional panel of experts (N = 21) participated in three rounds of questionnaires. Five open‐ended questions (Round 1) were analyzed using content analysis to form statements relating to a classification system for labeling and defining the later stage of AN. A total of 80 statements were rated in terms of panelists' level of agreement (Rounds 2 and 3).

Results

Consensus was achieved for 28.8% of statements and a further 16.3% of statements reached near consensus in the second and third round of questionnaires. Two labels were identified with five defining features achieving consensus.

Discussion

Findings from the study suggest an alternative approach to labeling be adopted with consensus‐based guidelines established for defining the later stage of AN. Implications that may occur from a unified classification system are explored with longitudinal research required to assess the impact on patients experiencing the later stage of AN.
Mn(IV)‐Substituted Metal(II) Hexafluorido Metallates(IV): Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Luminescence Properties
Authors: Bandemehr Jascha , Baumann Dominik , Seibald Markus , Eklund Kim , Karttunen Antti J. , Kraus Florian
Published: August 2021

We synthesized 16 novel red‐emitting Mn(IV)‐substituted phosphors of the compositions MgGeF6 : Mn, MgPbF6 : Mn, CaMF6 : Mn (M=Ge, Sn, Pb, Zr, Hf), SrSnF6 : Mn, “SrTiF6 : Mn”, BaPbF6 : Mn, ZnMF6 : Mn (M=Sn, Pb, Zr, Hf), and CdMF6 : Mn (M=Pb, Hf) using a dry‐chemical fluorination process completely avoiding hydrofluoric acid. In comparison with the commonly used red‐emitter K2SiF6 : Mn (KSF) with its emission maximum at 630.8 nm, all above Ca and Sr compounds and CdHfF6 : Mn show a blue‐shift of their emission maxima, the compound SrSnF6 : Mn even by 4.2 nm down to 626.6 nm. The compounds were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, IR and emission spectroscopy. We additionally present the crystal structures of the unsubstituted compounds CaZrF6, CaHfF6, CaPbF6, CdZrF6, CdHfF6, and MgHfF6, which all crystallize isotypic in the NaSbF6 structure type. The compound “SrTiF6” was characterized by powder XRD and studied with evolutionary structure prediction methods, but its crystal structure could not yet be solved.
Gold‐Catalyzed Amination Reactions: Progress and Prospects
Authors: Nandhu Chembil Thankachan , Aneeja Thaipparambil , Anilkumar Gopinathan
Published: August 2021

Coupling reactions became a prominent field in synthetic organic chemistry. Metal‐catalyzed coupling reactions have always attracted the scientific community and extensive research is still continuing. Gold, owing to its high functional group tolerance, has received much attention in recent times. This first Review on gold‐catalyzed amination reactions summarizes the advances in this topic covering literature up to 2021.
No addiction transfer from preoperative food addiction to other addictive behaviors during the first year after bariatric surgery
Authors: Dickhut Clemens , Hase Carolin , Gruner‐Labitzke Kerstin , Mall Julian W. , Köhler Hinrich , de Zwaan Martina , Müller Astrid
Published: August 2021

Objective

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the remission of preoperative food addiction is associated with increases or new onset of other addictions within the first year following bariatric surgery.

Methods

One hundred and twenty‐five bariatric surgery patients were assessed before surgery (t1) and at 6 months (t2) and 1 year (t3) follow‐ups. The assessments included the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) and standardized questionnaires to measure symptoms of problematic alcohol use, gambling disorder, internet‐use disorder, buying‐shopping disorder, hypersexual disorder and exercise dependence.

Results

Forty‐nine (39.2%) patients were assigned to the food addiction (FA+) and 76 patients (60.8%) to the non‐food addiction group (FA−) based on their preoperative YFAS scores. Overall, BMI and symptoms of food addiction decreased significantly from baseline to follow‐ups. Preoperative food addiction status was not associated with postoperative increases or new onset of other addictions. Elevated symptoms of buying‐shopping disorder, internet‐use and hypersexual behaviour at baseline in the FA+‐group decreased over time and were comparable to the FA−‐group at follow‐ups.

Conclusion

The ‘addiction transfer’ or ‘cross addiction’ hypothesis was not supportive for alcohol addiction, gambling addiction or other behaviours that may be addictive. Further studies are needed that investigate larger samples and longer observation periods, as well as other substance‐use disorders.
Effects of COVID‐19 lockdown on eating disorders and obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sideli Lucia , Lo Coco Gianluca , Bonfanti Rubinia Celeste , Borsarini Bianca , Fortunato Lucia , Sechi Cristina , Micali Nadia
Published: August 2021

Objective

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to examine: the pooled prevalence of symptomatic behaviours and mental health deterioration amongst individuals with eating disorders (EDs) and obesity during the COVID‐19 confinement. Moreover, we examined changes in EDs and distress before and during the confinement, and the association between psychosocial factors and EDs symptoms.

Method

A systematic search was carried out in biomedical databases from January 2020 to January 2021. Both cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies that used quantitative measures of ED symptoms and psychological distress during and after the COVID‐19 confinement were included.

Results

A total of 26 studies met inclusion criteria (n = 3399, 85.7% female). The pooled prevalence of symptomatic deterioration in EDs was 65% (95% CI[48,81], k = 10). The pooled prevalence of increased weight in obesity was 52% (95% CI[25,78], k = 4). More than half of the participants experienced depression and anxiety. Moreover, at least 75% of the individuals with EDs reported shape and eating concerns, and increased thinking about exercising. However, the pooled analyses of longitudinal studies showed no significant differences from pre‐pandemic levels to the first lockdown phase in Body Mass Index and ED symptoms, whereas only few studies suggested increased distress, particularly among individuals with anorexia nervosa.

Conclusions

The majority of individuals with EDs and obesity reported symptomatic worsening during the lockdown. However, further longitudinal studies are needed to identify vulnerable groups, as well as the long‐term consequences of COVID‐19.
Automated facies identification by Direct Push‐based sensing methods (CPT, HPT) and multivariate linear discriminant analysis to decipher geomorphological changes and storm surge impact on a medieval coastal landscape
Authors: Hadler Hanna , Vött Andreas , Willershäuser Timo , Wilken Dennis , Blankenfeldt Ruth , von Carnap‐Bornheim Claus , Emde Kurt , Fischer Peter , Ickerodt Ulf , Klooß Stefanie , Majchczack Bente , Obrocki Lea , Rabbel Wolfgang
Published: August 2021

Inad1362, a major storm surge drowned wide areas of cultivated medieval marshland along the north‐western coast of Germany and turned them into tidal flats. This study presents a new methodological approach for the reconstruction of changing coastal landscapes developed from a study site in the Wadden Sea of North Frisia. Initially, we deciphered long‐term as well as event‐related short‐term geomorphological changes, using a geoscientific standard approach of vibracoring, analyses of sedimentary, geochemical and microfaunal palaeoenvironmental parameters and radiocarbon dating. In a next step, Direct Push (DP)‐based Cone Penetration Testing (CPT) and the Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT) were applied at vibracore locations to obtainin situhigh‐resolution stratigraphic data. In a last step, multivariate linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was successfully applied to efficiently identify different sedimentary facies (e.g., fossil marsh or tidal flat deposits) from the CPT and HPT test dataset, to map the facies' lateral distribution, also in comparison to reflection seismic measurements and test their potential to interpolate the borehole and CPT/HPT data. The training dataset acquired for the key site from coring and DP sensing finally allows an automated facies classification of CPT/HPT data obtained elsewhere within the study area. The new methodological approach allowed a detailed reconstruction of the local coastal landscape development in the interplay of natural marsh formation, medieval land reclamation and storm surge‐related land losses.
Assessment of the tectonically induced Quaternary landforms and active deformation in the area between Main Boundary Thrust and Himalayan Frontal Thrust, south of the Siang Antiform, Arunachal Himalaya, India
Authors: Luirei Khayingshing , Kothyari Girish Ch. , Dumka Rakesh K. , Bhakuni Surendra S.
Published: August 2021

The present study area represents one of the active segments of the frontal part of the Arunachal Himalaya. The major structural boundaries traversing the area are the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) and the Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT) and other local faults are tectonically active, as evident from the landforms that evolved in the fault zones. Strath terraces and uplift fluvial terraces are observed in the hanging‐wall block of the HFT and MBT, and along the HFT straight to curvilinear mountain fronts are observed. Normal faults both transverse and parallel to the strike of HFT are observed in the hanging‐wall block of the HFT. West of Pasighat the sub‐Himalaya terrain resembles a duplex, where there is gradual rise in elevation from the Brahmaputra Plain to the low‐lying hills of the sub‐Himalayan and sudden rise in elevation across the MBT. Drainage aligning to the bedrock structures and stream migrations are observed in the fault zones. Along the MBT, the sub‐Himalayan rocks are thrusted over either by quartzite or black carbonaceous shales, in some sections the MBT is behaving as a back‐thrust that dips towards the south. The MBT has also been displaced by almost N–S‐trending transverse faults where highly sheared bedrocks are also observed. Tilting of Quaternary fluvial deposits are observed in the hanging‐wall blocks of intraformational thrusts at two locations. Signatures of paleoseismic activities in the form of various soft‐sediment deformational structures are observed in Quaternary deposits in the HFT zone and also in the hanging‐wall block of the MBT. To determine the deformation and strain rate accumulation, we have re‐analysed the available GNSS results of the area, which indicate a deformation rate of up to 16 mm/year in the vicinity of the Pasighat region. The GPS‐derived deformation rates are well corroborated with the existing results of peak ground acceleration (PGA) anomalies. The component–wise motion indicates higher fault perpendicular motion in this part, which reveals an accumulation of more strain along the major Himalayan faults.
Anti‐Markovnikov Addition of Anilines to Aliphatic Terminal Alkynes Catalyzed by an 8‐Quinolinolato Rhodium Complex
Authors: Morimoto Yoshihiko , Kochi Takuya , Kakiuchi Fumitoshi
Published: August 2021

Anti‐Markovnikov addition of anilines to aliphatic terminal alkynes proceeded using an 8‐quinolinolato rhodium/phosphine catalyst system. The use of a strong organic base, 1,1,3,3,–tetramethylguanidine, in the catalyst system enabled the formation of the aldimine products. Substrates with various functional groups including polar groups such as a phenolic hydroxy group are applicable to the hydroamination.
Filling the gap between theory and practice: A pilot study on parents' perceptions of integrated care for patients with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Gabutti Irene
Published: August 2021

Clinical pathways are known to be key in managing chronic conditions in an effective and sustainable way. This is particularly true in psychiatry, characterized by chronicity and managerial challenges. In particular, the borderline personality disorder is a highly complicated disorder to manage. Although numerous international guidelines converge on the urge of defining clinical pathways and a stepped‐care model for its effective treatment, it is unknown to what extent these guidelines have been implemented into concrete changes in the provision of care. The objective of this study is to pursue a preliminary assessment of whether there exists coherence between the provision of formal health dispositions or guidelines and end‐users’ perception of the change they should imply. A pilot study investigating the perception of parents of patients with borderline disorder on continuity of care has been conducted in three Italian regions. Results suggest that pathways do exist and are partially able to reach their intended effects, although concrete accessibility is still a major issue. Future studies should build on these preliminary results through quantitative investigation and further explore their causes.
What you see is what you get? Measuring companies' projected employer image attributes via companies' employment webpages
Authors: Theurer Christian P. , Schäpers Philipp , Tumasjan Andranik , Welpe Isabell , Lievens Filip
Published: August 2021

Information on a company's employment webpage sends signals about the employer image the company intends to project to applicants. Nonetheless, we know little about the content of recruitment signals sent via company employment webpages. This study develops a method to measure companies’ projected employer image attributes based on their employment webpages. Specifically, we analyze companies’ projected employer image attributes by applying computer‐aided text analysis (CATA) to the employment webpages of 461 Fortune 500 companies (i.e., more than 11,100 individual pages). Our results show that projected employer image attributes remain relatively stable over time. Moreover, we find relatively low levels of employer image differentiation between companies and between industries. Only a small group of companies (<20%) use distinct employer attribute signals to communicate their projected employer image. Finally, there is limited convergence between projected employer image attributes based on employment webpages and ratings on similar attributes on employer review websites. Generally, our results show that CATA is a viable method for assessing companies’ projected employer image in the context of employer image management and engineering.
Synthesis, molecular docking, DFT study, and in vitro antimicrobial activity of some 4‐(biphenyl‐4‐yl)‐1,4‐dihydropyridine and 4‐(biphenyl‐4‐yl)pyridine derivatives
Authors: Malani Alimamad , Makwana Atul , Monapara Jahnvi , Ahmad Iqrar , Patel Harun , Desai Nisheeth
Published: August 2021

The evolution of microbial resistance necessitates the development of new antimicrobial drugs that are more effective than those currently on the market. To address this problem, we have prepared a series of novel 4‐(biphenyl‐4‐yl)‐1,4‐dihydropyridine and 4‐(biphenyl‐4‐yl)pyridine derivatives via Hantzsch reaction using nine different compounds containing active methylene group. IR, NMR, and mass spectra were used to determine the structures. Using ampicillin and griseofulvin as standards, the titled compounds were investigated for their antibacterial activity against different bacteria and fungi. Compounds 1f, 1g, 2f, and 2g have the best antibacterial activity against Gram‐negative bacteria (minimum inhibitory concentration = 50 μg/ml), while 1f, 1h, 2g, and 2h have high antifungal activity against Candida albicans (minimum inhibitory concentration = 100 μg/ml). To gain a better understanding of the binding process and affinity for the bacterial Staphylococcus epidermidis protein, researchers used molecular docking and molecular mechanics, as well as the generalized Born model and solvent accessibility‐based binding free energy. The active compounds 1g, 1h, and 2f have good docking scores of −5.575, −5.949, and −5.234, respectively, whereas compound 2c has the greatest docking score (−6.23). The HOMO‐LUMO energy gap and molecular electrostatic potential were used to evaluate the reactivity of promising compounds, which were then associated with antibacterial efficacy.
Hepatitis E: Genotypes, strategies to prevent and manage, and the existing knowledge gaps
Authors: Kamani Lubna , Padhani Zahra Ali , Das Jai K
Published: August 2021

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is considered an emergent source of viral hepatitis worldwide, with an increasing burden of jaundice, liver failure, extrahepatic illnesses, and deaths in developed countries. With the scarcity of data from efficient animal models, there are still open‐ended questions about designing new models to study pathogenesis, types, virology, and evolution of these viruses. With an emphasis on available data and updates, there is still enough information to understand the HEV life cycle, pathogen interaction with the host, and the valuation of the role of vaccine and new anti‐HEV therapies. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) preferred to stress prevention and control measures of HEV infections in animals, zoonotic transmission, and foodborne transmission. It is being reviewed that with current knowledge on HEV and existing prevention tools, there is an excellent room for in‐depth information about the virus strains, their replication, pathogenicity, and virulence. The current knowledge set also has gaps regarding standardized and validated diagnostic tools, efficacy and safety of the vaccine, and extrahepatic manifestations specifically in pregnant females, immunocompromised patients, and others. This review highlights the areas for more research exploration, focusing on enlisted research questions based on HEV infection to endorse the need for significant improvement in the current set of knowledge for this public health problem.
High proportion of low cycle threshold value as an early indicator of COVID‐19 surge
Authors: Mishra Baijayantimala , Ranjan Jai , Purushotham Prashanth , Saha Swarnatrisha , Payal Poesy , Kar Punyatoya , Das Sivasankar , Deshmukh Vaishnavi
Published: August 2021

Many countries in the world are experiencing a recent surge in COVID‐19 cases. This is mainly attributed to the emergence of new SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. Genome sequencing is the only means to detect the evolving virus mutants and emerging variants. Cycle threshold values have an inverse relationship with viral load and lower Ct values are also found to be associated with increased infectivity. In this study, we propose to use Ct values as an early indicator for upcoming COVID‐19 waves. A retrospective cross‐sectional study was carried out to analyze the Ct values of positive samples reported during the first wave and second wave (April 2020–May 2021). Median Ct values of confirmatory genes were taken into consideration for comparison. Ct values below 25, >25–30, and >30 were categorized as high, moderate, and low viral load respectively. Our study found a significantly higher proportion of positive samples with a low Ct value (<25) across age groups and gender during the second wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic. A higher proportion of positive samples with a low Ct value (high viral load) may act as an early indicator of an upcoming surge.