bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of autoimmune disorders on daily lifestyle
Authors: Kawałko Kinga , Rynio Grzegorz , Pondel Kamil , Karaś Anna , Bielewicz Krzysztof , Sufin Patrycja
Published: November 2022

Systemic diseases of connective tissue are a group of diseases of unspecified aetiology and pathogenesis. They are based on the autoimmune process. It can involve single organs as well as whole systems. Neuropsychiatric complications in systemic connective tissue diseases are of interest to both neurologists and rheumatologists and specialists in other fields. These complications may occur with different frequency – from 30-80% and result from the involvement of individual structures of the central and peripheral nervous system. They can be divided into primary, i.e. resulting from the underlying disease, and secondary, which are most often the result of the applied treatment.

The most common psychopathological symptoms include: progressive cognitive disorders, emotional lability, mood and sleep disorders, as well as memory disorders, psychosensory disorders, depersonalisation, derealisation, depressed mood, anxiety states, hallucinations, persecutory delusions. Diagnosing the cause of psychiatric disorders is the basis for introducing appropriate causal treatment, which should be supplemented by symptomatic psychiatric therapy.
El derecho al conocimiento tradicional en las comunidades negras de Colombia. La tutela de un derecho fundamental
Authors: Mena Mosquera Audrey Karina
Published: November 2022

El derecho fundamental colectivo al conocimiento tradicional en las comunidades negras de Colombia garantiza la generación de conocimientos científicos resultado de procesos culturales que dan testimonio e identifican su conciencia histórica y dialógica, y que estas comunidades han tenido que establecer para la pervivencia en sus territorios colectivos. De ahí que este libro analice los fundamentos conceptuales, éticos y jurídicos de este derecho, que no lo hacen exigible desde la individualidad, sino desde el conjunto poblacional que se autorreconoce como tal y que comparte un pasado, una experiencia cultural y étnica que justifica ese trato diferencial, fundamentado en la necesaria aplicación del principio de diversidad e integridad étnica y cultural. Con este estudio interpretativo se le presentan al público lector aquellas situaciones de tensión, relacionadas con la apropiación individual del conocimiento tradicional en comunidades negras y los mecanismos jurídicos de reconocimiento de propiedad intelectual sobre el conocimiento; al igual que se caracterizan y se establecen las afectaciones en el ejercicio del derecho estudiado para el sujeto colectivo étnico del país.
"Na prática, ela é muito complicada": Dilemas do Cotidiano sobre o Instituto da Guarda Compartilhada
Authors: Christofari Gabriela Clerici , Kemerich Daiane Santos do Carmo , Arpini Dorian Mônica
Published: November 2022

A legalização do divórcio no Brasil possibilitou o reconhecimento legal da pluralidade de relações familiares presentes na sociedade. Nesse contexto, pode-se apontar o surgimento da legislação sobre a guarda compartilhada como uma possível resposta às novas configurações familiares. Este estudo teve por objetivo compreender os aspectos que se apresentam no cotidiano dos operadores do Direito sobre a aplicabilidade do instituto da guarda compartilhada e os principais entraves à sua utilização. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo, com a participação de quatro juízes e quatro promotores, de cidades da região central do Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo ocorreu a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas e a análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da Análise de Conteúdo. Os participantes assinalaram algumas questões que podem estar interferindo na aplicabilidade da guarda compartilhada: o conflito entre os responsáveis; a obrigatoriedade do pagamento dos alimentos; a influência dos advogados; a idade das crianças, entre outros. Evidencia-se que a aplicabilidade deste instituto mostra-se um desafio e um objetivo a ser alcançado. Dessa forma, compreende-se que ponderar e superar cada uma das questões que foram mencionadas converte-se em um desafio cotidiano para todos os profissionais que atuam com relações familiares no contexto pós-divórcio.
Intersetorialidade nas Políticas Públicas sobre Drogas: Relações entre Saúde e Assistência Social
Authors: Santos Christian Eduardo Andrade Resende , Vecchia Marcelo Dalla , Paiva Fernando Santana de
Published: November 2022

As políticas, programas e serviços no campo de álcool e outras drogas devem ocorrer a partir dos princípios da integralidade e intersetorialidade, assegurando a participação social. Nessa direção, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi compreender como se dão as relações entre as redes de saúde e assistência social, com vistas a assegurar ações orientadas pela intersetorialidade no cuidado aos usuários de substâncias psicoativas em um município de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais com os gestores destes setores, além de um grupo focal com profissionais que atuam no Sistema Único de Saúde e Sistema Único de Assistência Social.  Os resultados foram organizados nos seguintes eixos de análise: (1) (des)articulação da rede: impasse para o trabalho intersetorial; (2) redes em movimento: práticas profissionais no cotidiano de cuidado; (3) tensões entre diferentes atores na rede de cuidado em álcool e drogas. Tais resultados expressam a realidade de grande parte dos municípios brasileiros, em que as ações no âmbito das políticas públicas ocorrem de maneira desarticulada, sendo ainda o princípio da intersetorialidade um horizonte a ser construído.
O Estado da Arte da Consciência do Bebê no Primeiro Ano de Vida
Authors: Maia Karen Felícia de Figueiredo , Aquino Fabíola De Sousa Braz
Published: November 2022

O presente estudo busca ampliar o conhecimento sobre formulações contemporâneas acerca do desenvolvimento da consciência em bebês no primeiro ano de vida e suas relações com o desenvolvimento global subsequente. Realizou-se uma pesquisa documental do tipo Estudo do Estado da Arte com levantamento nacional e internacional. Os procedimentos e resultados foram organizados em eixos de análise. Os resultados demonstraram um conjunto de formulações sobre o tema os quais, de forma geral, convergiram para a compreensão do bebê humano enquanto consciente desde o nascimento, mesmo que em nível mínimo. Pesquisadores defendem que bebês exibem um ‘sentido implícito' de que são seres ativos e diferenciados de outros, expressando rudimentos de consciência. Argumentou-se que nos recém-nascidos a vida psíquica em nível rudimentar está associada ao funcionamento das estruturas subcorticais, que possibilitam a construção de processos cognitivos e afetivos cada vez mais coerentes. Ressaltaram-se diferentes níveis de consciêcia no primeiro ano de vida, especialmente por volta dos dois, seis, nove e doze meses. Esta pesquisa pode colaborar para avanços na compreensão do psiquismo de bebês nos meses iniciais do primeiro ano de vida.
Memória e Cidade, Fama e Infâmia: O Caso do Abrigo Municipal de Alienados Oscar Schneider
Authors: Pasqualotto Mariana Zabot , Zanella Andrea Vieira
Published: November 2022

Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que investigou a produção de memórias e esquecimentos relacionada ao extinto "Abrigo Municipal de Alienados Oscar Schneider", instituição que funcionou em Joinville/SC entre 1923 e 1942 e teve seu prédio demolido cerca de 50 anos depois da sua construção. A inauguração da instituição marcou o início do projeto de "modernização-urbanização" de Joinville, pautado em normas higiênicas centradas nas novas prerrogativas da ciência moderna. Para a realização da pesquisa, rastreamos documentos que contam a história do Abrigo de Alienados: encontramos fotografias, um cartão-postal, trechos de documentos oficiais e notícias de jornal. Com esses documentos, problematizamos o campo de produção da fama e da infâmia em relação a determinados personagens que compuseram a cena dos acontecimentos dessa instituição. O olhar para os registros do Abrigo de Alienados procurou tensionar as diversas vozes que ali se encontram para seguir os rastros insignificantes de uma história, os quais correspondem a certos fatos e sujeitos que não foram considerados dignos de serem memorados: as vidas que sofreram a experiência do confinamento no Abrigo.
O Impacto do Programa "Ainda Estou a Aprender" na Fluência Leitora dos Alunos com Dificuldades
Authors: Freire Cláudia Margarida Brito , Festas Maria Isabel Ferraz , Pereira Marcelino Arménio Martins
Published: November 2022

As estratégias de intervenção no âmbito das dificuldades na aprendizagem da leitura constituem o foco deste trabalho. No panorama nacional, a escassez desses recursos educativos, associada ao fraco investimento na sua validação empírica, orientaram o nosso interesse para a análise desta temática. O recente programa Ainda Estou a Aprender (AEA) é uma ferramenta que tem como objetivo avaliar e intervir na aprendizagem da leitura, mas não se conhecem estudos que atestem a sua eficácia. Neste contexto, desenvolvemos um estudo com 44 alunos do 2º ano de escolaridade com dificuldades na aprendizagem da leitura, que distribuímos aleatoriamente por dois grupos, experimental e controle, no sentido de medir o impacto do programa AEA na fluência leitora. Ao grupo experimental foi aplicado o AEA, individualmente ou em pequeno grupo, em 18 sessões de 30 minutos durante seis semanas. O grupo de controle não seguiu o programa. O desempenho dos dois grupos foi monitorizado em três momentos (pré-teste, pós-teste e follow-up). Os resultados demonstram que os alunos do grupo experimental registaram um desempenho manifestamente superior na fluência (h2= .30), assumindo-se como uma prova da eficácia da intervenção.
Avaliação de Efetividade de Programa de Compreensão Leitora - Resultados da Intervenção no Quinto Ano Escolar
Authors: Corso Helena Vellinho , Piccolo Luciane Da Rosa
Published: November 2022

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os efeitos da aplicação do programa LE (Leitura Compreensiva e Encantamento - Formando Leitores Motivados e Competentes) em alunos de quinto ano (escolas públicas). Participaram 64 crianças (29 meninas; 35 meninos; média de idade 10 anos), distribuídas em duas classes controle e duas experimentais. A professora responsável por essas últimas recebeu treinamento para implementar o programa, composto por uma seleção de textos narrativos e atividades que giram em torno de dois núcleos principais e integrados: componentes da compreensão de leitura e funções executivas. Os estudantes foram avaliados antes e depois da intervenção em medidas de leitura (reconhecimento de palavra, fluência e compreensão de leitura), e em tarefas neuropsicológicas (funções executivas). Participantes do programa apresentaram pontuações superiores em relação às crianças do grupo controle na avaliação de acompanhamento em medidas de compreensão de leitura e funções executivas, com tamanhos de efeito variando de médio (d de Cohen = 0,56) para alto (d = 0,92). Conclui-se (1) pela efetividade do programa, destacando-se o baixo nível socioeconômico da amostra, variável relacionada com baixos níveis de leitura; (2) por sua aplicabilidade na escola, dada a implementação bem sucedida por uma professora junto a classes inteiras.
Evaluating the efficacy of the hepatitis B vaccination in haemodialysis patients
Authors: Dsouza Nikhil , Kulkarni Manjunath Jeevanna
Published: November 2022

Background: The vaccination of dialysis patients against hepatitis B is a standard of care. Data suggests that seroconversion following this vaccination is poor in dialysis patients. Methods: The authors compared the response of 67 incident dialysis patients who had received the hepatitis B vaccination to that of healthy subjects. Results: The authors found that only 60% of haemodialysis patients vaccinated against hepatitis B developed an immune response. Conclusions: Haemodialysis patients have a suboptimal response to hepatitis B vaccinations as compared to that of general population.
Re-platforming PatientView to Patients Know Best
Authors: Steenkamp Retha , Al-Ubaydli Mohammad
Published: November 2022

A new digital record to manage kidney care; what is Patients Know Best (PKB) and how will this transition affect your patients?
Understanding the Care Quality Commission single assessment
Authors: Ellis Peter , Abbott Jane
Published: November 2022

Peter Ellis and Jane Abbott discuss various ways of conveying information and how to keep meetings short and to the point
Case Series of the Management of Surgical Site Infection following Thoracic Spinal Surgeries during COVID Pandemic
Authors: Mahajan Neetin , Sangma Sunny , Mhatre Jayesh , Talukder Pritam
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Post-operative spinal wound infection increases the morbidity of the patient and the cost of healthcare. Despite the development of prophylactic antibiotics and advances in surgical technique and post-operative care, wound infection continues to compromise patient outcome after spinal surgery. This kind of infection places the patient at risk for pseudoarthrosis, adverse neurologic sequelae, chronic pain, deformity, and even death. In spite of all preventive measures, the SSI following spinal surgeries are 1% among operated spinal instrumentation. Case Series: Here, we present a series of three patients who presented to us with post-operative surgical site infection (SSI) in spine surgery in the form of wound, discharge, and other complaints. Out of all, two of them were operated with debridement and skin closure followed by broad spectrum IV antibiotics and one of them managed with vacuum-assisted closure dressing and high antibiotics sensitive to organisms found in wound culture. Optimization by building up hemoglobin, supplementing micronutrients including Vitamin C, D, and B12 and high protein diet was started as adjuvant therapy and all of them was discharged with healthy wound. Conclusion: SSI in spine surgery is a common but challenging complication, particularly after instrumental spinal arthrodesis. Using meticulous aseptic technique, intra-operative irrigation, prophylactic antibiotics, and optimizing patient factors preoperatively are key to preventing a SSI. In patients who still develop an infection despite efforts at prevention, timely diagnosis and treatment are critical. Instrumentation can be retained while still successfully clearing an early infection, although following fusion, instrumentation can be removed if lifetime oral antibiotic suppression is either not indicated or undesirable. Keywords: Spine surgery, Postoperative infections, Surgical site infection, Spinal instrumentation.
Application of Intra Operative Ultrasound in Spine Surgery
Authors: Luhana Rakeshkumar C. , Doshi Jinil N.
Published: November 2022

Objective: Intraoperative ultrasound is a real time imaging modality. Though was introduced in 1980s, not widely used. It is applicable for Intradural lesions as well as pathology ventral to cord, while doing posterior approach and helps us to make surgery safer. Our objective is to share technique as well as our experience of intra operative ultrasound by sharing illustrative cases. Method: our Surgical cases were reviewed and identified cases where we used intraoperative ultrasound. Illustrative cases were selected and compiled. Results: This article describes technique of intra operative ultrasound and several illustrative cases were demonstrated. Conclusion: Intraoperative ultrasound is a real time imaging tool and can be used for various indications especially for intradural lesions and addressing ventral pathology from posterior routes. Keywords: Intra operative ultrasound, Real time imaging, Intra operative adjunct
Post-Discectomy Pyogenic Lumbar Discitis: A Literature Review
Authors: Patel Udit D. , Modi Hitesh N.
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Post-disctectomy pyogenic lumbar discitis is not common condition in contrast to postoperative wound infection but its presentation is typically non-specific, which can lead to delay in diagnosis and its treatment. In this condition, patients present with low back pain after symptoms free interval. The diagnosis can be established with symptoms, examination, laboratory studies and radiological investigations. Purpose: The aim of this literature review is to evaluate available articles about post- discectomy lumbar spondylodiscitis. we analyse the incidence, risk factors, causative organisms, diagnosis modalities (including clinical features, blood and radiological investigations), management strategies (conservative and surgical) and prevention for postoperative lumbar spondylodiscitis in the published literature. Material and methods: We have reviewed literature articles available on topic of post-discectomy lumbar discitis in PubMed, MEDLINE and Google scholar only in English language; and have been published from the year 2000 onwards. Results: This incidence rate of post-operative discitis is 0.94%. The age range was 38-56 years with a mean age of 45.18±4.17 years. Mean interval between discectomy and establishment of diagnosis was 2-8 weeks. Of all the patients included 61.93% were males and 38.07% were females. The most common organism isolated is staph. aureus (including methicillin sensitive and resistant staph. aureus). Majority of patients were initially treated conservatively. The surgical treatment in patients who fail to respond to conservative management has been demonstrated. Our study showed 40.1% excellent results, 56% good result and 3.9% fair and poor result at final follow up. Conclusion: Although the incidence of post-operative lumbar discitis is rare, it’s associated with morbidity and mortality. The true challenge of post-operative discitis is to diagnose the condition timely. Majority of patients can be treated conservatively and operative management is rarely necessary in the patients with failed conservative treatment. Keywords: Lumbar discectomy, Postoperative pyogenic discitis, Literature review, Treatment
Outcome of ACCF in Multilevel Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy with OPLL and Kyphotic Deformity
Authors: Islam Md. Anowarul , Saha Suvradev , Sarker Md. Mohoshin , Islam Afia Ibnat
Published: November 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the Outcome of Anterior cervical corpectomy & Fusion in multilevel Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy with Ossification Posterior Longitudinal Ligament & kyphotic deformity. Background: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is the most common cause of spinal cord dysfunction in the adult. Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a hyperostotic condition of the spine, where the PLL becomes progressively calcified, leading to spinal canal stenosis. Anterior decompression by corpectomy and removal of ossified posterior longitudinal ligament is a well-recognized technique for decompressing the cervical spine. The involved vertebral body/bodies are removed and after assuring adequate decompression, titanium mesh cage filled with autogenous bone graft is placed in the gap with reinforcement by anterior cervical locking plate and screw. Materials & Method: Retrospectively we reviewed 15 cases from 2010 to 2021 of CSM with OPLL and kyphotic deformity. All the patients with positive MRI & CT scan findings and underwent ACCF by mesh cage with bone graft. Neurological improvement was assessed by the Nurick Score , improvement of pain control by VAS score, fusion rate by Bridwell’s criteria & Overall functional assessment by modified Odom’s score . Results: Total number of patients was 15. Average age was 60 years (range 35-85). Average follow-up period was 18 months. Post-operatively, Nurick scores improved by grade 1 in 7 patients, grade 2 in 5 patients, grade 3 in 2 patients, and grade 4 in 1 patient. In our series we have no chair bound or bedridden patients after surgery. There was no difference in myelopathy outcomes comparing patients older and younger than 75 years . There was no radiographic progression after surgery. But, more than 90% patients had kyphotic correction of 10-20ͦ respectively. Conclusion: ACCF is a safe and effective method in treating the CSM with correction of few degrees of kyphotic deformity. Keywords: ACCF, Mesh cage, Locking plate
Clinical, Functional and Radiological Outcome of Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion by Banana Cage with Bone Graft for the Treatment of High-grade Lumbar Spondylolisthesis at L5-S1
Authors: Islam Md. Anowarul , Sarker Md. Mohoshin , Saha Suvradev , Islam Afia Ibnat
Published: November 2022

Objectives: To assess the clinical, functional and radiological outcome of posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) by Banana cage with bone graft. Material and Methods: This retrospective analytical study was carried out in spine unit of Orthopaedic surgery department of BSMMU, and other private hospital in Dhaka from January 2010 to December 2020. We did PLIF by Banana cage with bone graft for High-grade Lumbar Spondylolisthesis at L5-S1. The follow-up period ranges from 1- 2 years (average 18 months. All patients were assessed by VAS, ODI, WDI, Spino-pelvic parameters, Modified Macnab’s Criteria to find out overall outcome and Hackenberge ctriteria for radiological fusion. Results: Total 40 patients were included among 16 were male and 24 were female. The average age of the patients was 52.45±10.1 years. 60.0% patients were housewife ,20.0%, 10.0%, 10% were day laborer, farmer and service holder respectively. Average pelvic tilt was 26.05±6.27° preoperatively and 24.10±6.26° at the final follow-up, average PI was 66.07±7.39° preoperatively and 61.19±7.08° at the final follow-up. Preoperative lumbar lordosis was 45.55± 6.71° & at final follow-up 37.29±6.19°. VAS score and ODI scales were improved significantly from preoperative 6.90 ± 6.16 and 57.60±15.66 to at final follow-up 2.0±0.8 and 7.60±2.40. Pre-operative Translation ratio, slip angle and disc height ratio were 21.96±10.25, -18.87±8.28, 11.03±4.36 and at postoperatively 13.17±6.57, -18.44±7.12, 19.60±3.36. Fusion was achieved in 36 cases (90%), 3 cases (7.5%) were fragmented and pseudoarthrosis showed only 1 case (2.5%). Post-operative clinical outcome showed excellent outcome (95%), 1 (2.5%) case had good and 1 (2.5%) case had fair outcome. Conclusion: It can be concluded that, PLIF by Banana cage with bone graft is a very good option for the treatment of High-grade Lumbar Spondylolisthesis at L5-S1 levels. Keywords: Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion, High-grade Spondylolisthesis, Visual Analogue Score, Oswestry Disability Index, Waddell disability index, Hackenberge criteria, Pelvic parameters.
Demographic Engineering, the Forcible Deportation of the Kurds in Iraq, and the Question of Ethnic Cleansing and Genocide
Authors: Salih Kaziwa
Published: November 2022

The Iraqi state-directed demographic engineering of the oil-rich Kurdish districts of Kirkuk and Khanaqin was launched in the early 1920s and has continued to the present day. The history and use of Arabization as a geopolitical strategy for controlling oil revenue in the region has been investigated (Talabany 2008; 2011). The issue of genocide within these various demographic and ethnic constructions remains understudied. This article, informed by interdisciplinary perspectives, examines certain government documents, and follows John McGarry (1998) and Paul Morland (2016) in deploying the term “demographic engineering” to describe the control of population size, territorial changes, and the confiscation of Kurdish properties in Iraq. First, it highlights the question of genocide and its nexuses with demographic and ethnic construction in the Kurdish provinces. Second, it argues that the Kurds experienced both hard and soft forms of demographic engineering from the time of the Ottoman Empire to the collapse of Saddam Hussein’s regime in 2003. Morland (2016) defines hard demographic engineering as the deliberate modification of a territory’s demographics by increasing or decreasing its population. The indirect soft approach shifts the identities of ethnic groups or alters territorial borders. The article concludes by reiterating that the demographic engineering of Kurds in Iraq was not only “a technique of conflict regulation” (McGarry 1998: 613) but also a means of producing geopolitical and ethnic identity shifts.
High-sensitivity fiber Bragg grating strain sensor of the substrate type
Authors: Zhang Ruilei , Wu Xi , Hong Li , Jin Jiheng , Li Guoxi
Published: November 2022

Strain measurement has important applications in mechanical engineering, civil engineering, aerospace, earthquake monitoring, and other fields. Aiming at the problem of low sensitivity of existing fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensors, a high-sensitivity FBG strain sensor of the substrate type with a sensitization structure is proposed. The sensitivity of the sensor is analyzed theoretically, the sensor is simulated by Solidworks and ANSYS software, and the structural parameters are optimized. According to the simulation results, the real sensor is developed, and the strain test system is built to test the performance of the sensor. The results show that the strain sensitivity of the sensor is

3.21

p
m

/

µ
ε

, which is about 2.7 times that of the bare FBG strain sensor, which is basically in line with the theoretical value. The fitting linear correlation coefficient is 0.9999, and the repeatability error is 3.9%FS. The research results provide a reference for developing the same type of sensors and further improving the sensitivity of fiber strain sensors.
Analysis of performance and robustness against jitter of various search methods for acquiring optical links in space: erratum
Authors: Hechenblaikner Gerald
Published: November 2022

This erratum corrects a typing error in Appl. Opt.
60, 3936 (2021)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.419594. The
correction does not affect the results and conclusions of the original
paper.
Passive mode-locked cesium diode-pumped alkali laser
Authors: Rotondaro M. D. , Zhdanov B. V. , Shaffer M. K. , Eyler Z. J. , Knize R. J.
Published: November 2022

A first, to the best of our knowledge, demonstration of passive mode-locking in diode-pumped alkali laser (DPAL) is reported in this paper. An intracavity cesium vapor cell, buffered by atmospheric pressure methane, is used to passively mode lock a continuously pumped cesium DPAL with a static gain medium. A train of short pulses with duration less than 460 ps was observed using a 2.0-GHz bandwidth detector that limited the real time duration measurements. The calculated minimum duration for these pulses is 57 ps.
Has local government debt crowded out enterprise innovation?
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxu , Jin Rongxue
Published: November 2022

This paper tests the impact of local government debt on enterprise innovation based on 2011–2017 A-share non-financial enterprise data from Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges. The results show that the relationship between government debt and enterprise innovation relationship follows an inverted U-shaped pattern. Endogeneity processing and robustness test result confirm the results of the model built for this study. Heheterogeneity analysis finds that the inflection points of local government debt in large enterprises, non-SOEs (non-state-owned enterprises) and poorly financialized regions are lower. Financing constraints and corporate profits play a part of the intermediary effect in the inverted U-shaped relationship between local government debt and enterprise innovation. Further research shows that Digital finance plays a moderating role in the impact of local government debt on enterprise innovation. Therefore, to keep local government debt scale compliant and to maximize the efficiency of digital finance are of great significance in terms of boosting enterprise innovation and improve economic development.
Role of DNA modifications in Mycoplasma gallisepticum
Authors: Semashko Tatiana A. , Arzamasov Alexander A. , Evsyutina Daria V. , Garanina Irina A. , Matyushkina Daria S. , Ladygina Valentina G. , Pobeguts Olga V. , Fisunov Gleb Y. , Govorun Vadim M.
Published: November 2022

The epigenetics of bacteria, and bacteria with a reduced genome in particular, is of great interest, but is still poorly understood. Mycoplasma gallisepticum, a representative of the class Mollicutes, is an excellent model of a minimal cell because of its reduced genome size, lack of a cell wall, and primitive cell organization. In this study we investigated DNA modifications of the model object Mycoplasma gallisepticum and their roles. We identified DNA modifications and methylation motifs in M. gallisepticum S6 at the genome level using single molecule real time (SMRT) sequencing. Only the ANCNNNNCCT methylation motif was found in the M. gallisepticum S6 genome. The studied bacteria have one functional system for DNA modifications, the Type I restriction-modification (RM) system, MgaS6I. We characterized its activity, affinity, protection and epigenetic functions. We demonstrated the protective effects of this RM system. A common epigenetic signal for bacteria is the m6A modification we found, which can cause changes in DNA-protein interactions and affect the cell phenotype. Native methylation sites are underrepresented in promoter regions and located only near the -35 box of the promoter, which does not have a significant effect on gene expression in mycoplasmas. To study the epigenetics effect of m6A for genome-reduced bacteria, we constructed a series of M. gallisepticum strains expressing EGFP under promoters with the methylation motifs in their different elements. We demonstrated that m6A modifications of the promoter located only in the -10-box affected gene expression and downregulated the expression of the corresponding gene.
A qualitative study on negative experiences of social media use and harm reduction strategies among youths in a multi-ethnic Asian society
Authors: Samari Ellaisha , Chang Sherilyn , Seow Esmond , Chua Yi Chian , Subramaniam Mythily , van Dam Rob M. , Luo Nan , Verma Swapna , Vaingankar Janhavi Ajit
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to expand and inform the emerging body of research on the negative experiences of social media use among youths and how youths deal with them, in an Asian setting, using a qualitative approach.

Methods

Data were collected using 11 focus group discussions (FGDs) and 25 semi-structured interviews (SIs) among youths aged 15 to 24 years residing in Singapore who were recruited via purposive sampling. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

The salient negative effects mentioned by participants include the development of negative reactions and feelings from upward comparisons with others (e.g., others’ achievements and lifestyle), receiving hurtful comments, exposure to controversial content (e.g., political events and social movements), as well as the perpetuation of negative feelings, behaviours, and sentiments (e.g., rumination, unhealthy eating behaviour, and self-harm). Participants also described strategies which they have employed or deemed to be useful in mitigating the negative effects of social media use. These include filtering content and users, taking breaks from social media, cognitive reframing, and self-affirmation, where they identify and change stress-inducing patterns of thinking by setting realistic social, physical, and lifestyle expectations for themselves, and focusing on self-development.

Conclusion

The current results highlight that while youths experience negative effects of social media use, they have high media literacy and have employed strategies that appear to mitigate the negative effects of social media use. The findings can inform various stakeholders involved in helping youths navigate the harms of social media use or provide directions for intervention studies aimed at reducing the harms of social media use.
Validation of prognostic scores predicting mortality in acute liver decompensation or acute-on-chronic liver failure: A Thailand multicenter study
Authors: Teerasarntipan Tongluk , Thanapirom Kessarin , Chirapongsathorn Sakkarin , Suttichaimongkol Tanita , Chamroonkul Naichaya , Bunchorntavakul Chalermrat , Siramolpiwat Sith , Chainuvati Siwaporn , Sobhonslidsuk Abhasnee , Leerapun Apinya , Piratvisuth Teerha , Sukeepaisarnjaroen Wattana , Tanwandee Tawesak , Treeprasertsuk Sombat
Published: November 2022

Background & objectives

Cirrhosis patients with worsening of the liver function are defined as acute decompensation (AD) and those who develop extrahepatic organ failure are defined as acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). Both AD and ACLF have an extremely poor prognosis. However, information regarding prognostic predictors is still lacking in Asian populations. We aimed to identify prognostic factors for 30-day and 90-day mortality in cirrhosis patients who develop AD with or without ACLF.

Methods

We included 9 tertiary hospitals from Thailand in a retrospective observational study enrolling hospitalized cirrhosis patients with AD. ACLF was diagnosed according to the EASL-CLIF criteria, which defined as AD patients who have kidney failure or a combination of at least two non-kidney organ failure. Outcomes were clinical parameters and prognostic scores associated with mortality evaluated at 30 days and 90 days.

Results

Between 2015 and 2020, 602 patients (301 for each group) were included. The 30-day and 90-day mortality rates of ACLF vs. AD were 57.48% vs. 25.50% (p<0.001) and 67.44% vs. 32.78% (p<0.001), respectively. For ACLF patients, logistic regression analysis adjusted for demographic data, and clinical information showed that increasing creatinine was a predictor for 30-day mortality (p = 0.038), while the CLIF-C OF score predicted both 30-day (p = 0.018) and 90-day (p = 0.037) mortalities, achieving the best discriminatory power with AUROCs of 0.705 and 0.709, respectively. For AD patients, none of the parameters was found to be significantly associated with 30-day mortality, while bacterial infection, CLIF-AD score and Child-Turcotte-Pugh score were independent parameters associated with 90-day mortality, with p values of 0.041, 0.024 and 0.024. However, their predictive performance became nonsignificant after adjustment by multivariate regression analysis.

Conclusions

Regarding Thai patients, the CLIF-C OF score was the best predictor for 30-day and 90-day mortalities in ACLF patients, while appropriate prognostic factors for AD patients remained inconclusive.
Creating value from co-designing CoMOOCs with teachers in challenging environments
Authors: Kennedy Eileen , Masuda Chika , Moussaoui Rym El , Chase Elaine , Laurillard Diana
Published: November 2022

Conditions of mass displacement and other complex crises create a need for widely accessible teacher professional development opportunities. This article reports on the forms of value created for participants through a scaled-up collaborative online peer-sharing experience developed to support teachers in challenging environments to become transformative educators. This is an approach we have conceptualised as a co-designed, massive open online collaboration (CoMOOC), since it uses massive open online course (MOOC) platforms, but extends the concept of a traditional MOOC. The CoMOOC was co-designed with teachers and teacher educators in Lebanon and hosted on two platforms to create an equivalent co-learning experience in two languages (Arabic and English). To assess the impact of the CoMOOC, we adopt a value creation approach to evaluation. This approach considers how educators’ perception of their participation in the CoMOOC can support and enhance their professional practice in the long term, creating value for themselves and those affected by their practice (for example, learners, colleagues and institutions). We present evidence of the forms of value created during and after participation, collected through impact survey responses and interviews with CoMOOC participants.
Actuar entre lo real y lo ficcional, entre el personaje y lo personal
Authors: Camacho López Sandra
Published: November 2022

En las diversas formas de escrituras teatrales contemporáneas (textuales y escénicas), el actor/la actriz recurre a menudo a contar su propia historia y se transforma en narrador(a) de sus propias vivencias personales, traumáticas, violentas o sublimes, mezclando su propia realidad con universos ficcionales. El actor se vuelve entonces vulnerable ante sí mismo y ante aquel que lo observa. El espectador está frente a sucesos escénicos desbordados en sus límites entre lo presentado y lo representado. El velo de la “cuarta pared”, que permitía entrar en la ficción, se desdibuja y aparecen los actores/actrices-performers “desnudándose” (en alma y/o en cuerpo) frente al espectador. Este último, a su vez, se convierte en una especie de “voyerista” o se encuentra, de repente, haciendo parte de la escena. Ante estas formas de creación, surgen preguntas sobre el trabajo técnico, creativo, ético que los actores llevan a cabo en el proceso de crear y convivir con sus personajes.
Del espacio cinético al espacio neoconcreto: antecedentes de la instalación artística en Latinoamérica
Authors: Bruna Rodrigo
Published: November 2022

Durante la década de los años cincuenta, el arte cinético y el neoconcreto materializaron las influencias de los movimientos de vanguardia en Latinoamérica. Gracias a esto, los artistas emprendieron un camino de exploración en torno al espacio, los fenómenos sensoriales y el rol activo del espectador. A través de este artículo buscamos reconstruir una genealogía de la instalación artística en el continente, a partir de los aportes generados por estos movimientos. En atención a este objetivo, proponemos una metodología de trabajo orientada al análisis crítico de documentos escritos y obras emblemáticas del periodo, que responden a las problemáticas planteadas en este escrito. A la luz de los resultados obtenidos, pudimos constatar que los primeros antecedentes de la instalación se nutrieron de los cuestionamientos levantados por estos movimientos en torno al objeto artístico, el espacio de exhibición y el rol de espectador.
De lo útil a lo bello. Inicios de la historia del concepto arte en Colombia: Urdaneta, Cano y Santamaría
Authors: Rodríguez Sierra Ana María
Published: November 2022

El sistema del arte comprendido por los conceptos, las instituciones y las conductas asociadas a su contemplación, es una construcción histórica occidental. En Europa hubo procesos que llevaron a la definición conceptual de arte, a su transformación y a la consolidación del sistema artístico que impera hoy. Sin embargo, en países como Colombia, el ingreso al sistema estuvo mediado por un proceso inverso, que implicó la aplicación de las ideas traídas de afuera a una realidad disímil, con miras a jalonar procesos inspirados por paradigmas decimonónicos como ‘progreso’ y ‘civilización’. Aquí, con la pretensión de iniciar la construcción de una historia de la idea de arte, se analiza cómo era entendido el concepto a finales del siglo XIX, y se observa cómo fue su transformación y uso hasta principios del siglo XX.
Paz y transcodificación artística: el caso de Colombia
Authors: Toro Calonje Alejandra
Published: November 2022

El presente artículo pretende describir y sistematizar algunos principios teóricos de la Investigación para la paz (paz imperfecta, empoderamiento pacifista, conflicto, resiliencia), que tienen como objeto establecer un marco epistemológico que ayude a pensar la resolución de conflictos en sociedades violentas. El texto sostiene que la paz en tales escenarios es posible, particularmente si las víctimas elaboran el duelo tras apropiar un proceso de resiliencia. Para aplicar de forma práctica estos principios, se describe y se emplea el método de “transcodificación artística” mediante el cual obras de diversa índole creativa son convertidas en productos artísticos por víctimas del conflicto. El lugar particular desde donde se piensan estos problemas es Colombia, país que ha atravesado un largo período de guerra interna y que, buscando ponerle fin a tal enfrentamiento, ha firmado entre su gobierno y la guerrilla de las FARC-EP, un acuerdo de paz.
Iconología, cultura visual e investigación-creación
Authors: Madroñero Morillo Mario , Campozano Aviles Enma
Published: November 2022

La ciencia de la imagen, propuesta como iconología, ofrece una perspectiva crítica sobre las relaciones que, a través de la imagen, se presentan entre las artes y las ciencias. La iconología conlleva la puesta en límite de la historia de las artes y las ciencias, y de sus dimensiones epistemológicas, estéticas y políticas en tanto sustentos de sus sistemas de representación. Ella cuestiona la descripción a partir de la experiencia de la alteridad que, a través de la mediación de la creatividad, provoca una remoción de paradigmas sobre el saber, los conocimientos y las técnicas, que expone la dimensión pre y postparadigmática de las artes y las ciencias y hace posible considerar la investigación-creación como una dimensión de transición de teorías en imágenes y de exposición de una cultura visual de alteridad.
Growth‐restricted human fetuses have preserved respiratory sinus arrhythmia but reduced heart rate variability estimates of vagal activity during quiescence
Authors: Zizzo Anne Rahbek , Hansen John , Petersen Olav Bjørn , Mølgaard Henning , Uldbjerg Niels , Kirkegaard Ida
Published: November 2022

The aim was to assess the association between fetal growth restriction (FGR) and fetal heart rate variability (FHRV) in relation to fetal movements. A prospective observational cohort study was performed. Non‐invasive fetal electrocardiography (NI‐FECG) allowed beat‐to‐beat assessments with <5% corrections of RR intervals. FHRV analyses included: Root mean square of successive RR interval differences (RMSSD), high frequency power (HF power), and low frequency power (LF power). Fetal movements were categorized by continuous ultrasound scanning. We enrolled 36 singleton pregnant women expecting a small fetus (< the 2.3 percentile of mean weight for gestational age) diagnosed by ultrasound, of whom 25 presented with a birthweight < the 2.3 percentile. Among these, 11 were excluded due to low quality NI‐FECG recordings, leaving 14 women with 28 recordings eligible for inclusion in the analyses. The control group consisted of 22 healthy fetuses with birthweights between the 10th and the 90th percentile (average for gestational age [AGA]). In FGR fetuses the HRV response to respiratory activity was comparable to that of AGA fetuses. RMSSD (Ratio 1.54 [95% CI: 1.33; 1.79]) and HF power (Ratio 2.88 [95% CI: 2.12; 3.91]) increased, whereas LF/HF power (Ratio: 0.44 [95% CI: 0.31;0.63]) decreased. However, during fetal quiescence, FGR fetuses differed significantly from AGA fetuses. Compared to AGA fetuses, FGR fetuses displayed lower RMSSD (Ratio 0.77 (95% CI: 0.58; 1.02)) and HF power (Ratio 0.56 (95% CI:0.32; 0.98)). This reduction was associated with the severity of the FGR. In conclusion, FGR fetuses displayed a respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) comparable to AGA fetuses; however, more important, parameters representing cardiac vagal activity were impaired in FGR fetuses during quiescence. RSA may constitute an intrinsic function of the cardiovascular system, which is unaffected by fetal compromise. However, the basic cardiac outflow assessed during fetal quiescence indicates a suppressed cardiac vagal activity in the FGR fetuses.
Economics of Ancient Law: The Laws of Manu on Contracts
Authors: Bose Feler
Published: November 2022

Ancient law can be analyzed using economic tools. With a renewed interest from the political class to make the ancient Laws of Manu (Manu’sDharmaśāstra) more relevant to modern Indian law, the economic analysis of the Laws of Manu regarding contracts allows us to look at the issue from an efficiency standpoint. The paper will look at both regular contracts and marriage contracts. Surprisingly, many of the ancient laws are like the modern law of contracts especially in areas of contract breach. However, when considering marriage contracts, the bargaining position of men is stronger than women.
Access once encountered TT&C mode based on space–air–ground integration network
Authors: Li Chao , Liu Peijie , Fu Shiyuan , Jiao Yiwen
Published: November 2022

In order to deal with the shortage of spacecraft telemetry, tracking, and command (TT&C) resources and the high complexity of planning and scheduling in the future, based on the current situation of the TT&C network in China, the construction requirements of space–ground integration TT&C network are put forward, and the basic framework is constructed. Referring to the random access mechanism of ground cellular mobile communication system, access once encountered TT&C mode is designed. This work introduces its basic idea, gives an example of the implementation process in the new form, designs the protocol stack system of random access TT&C, and probes into the key technologies, such as spacecraft access optimization selection strategy and panoramic (airspace) multi-beam and multi-target simultaneous TT&C technology, for reference of further research.
The Apgar score in clinical research: for what, how and by whom it is used
Authors: Rozycki Henry J. , Yitayew Miheret
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To review how the Apgar score is used in published clinical research as well as who uses it, and how this may have changed between 1989–90 and 2018–19.

Methods

Pubmed search for English publications using MeSH Terms “apgar score” OR “apgar” AND “score” AND “humans” for epochs 1989–90 & 2018–19. The location and specialty of first author, primary purpose and how the Apgar score was used was recorded.

Results

There was a 61% increase in number of publications in 2018–19 compared to 1989–90, from all regions except North America. The most common purpose for using the Apgar was to assess newborn status after pregnancy/delivery interventions. There were 50 different definitions of a significant score. Definition of significance was influenced by specialty in 2018–19 and by study purpose in both epochs.

Conclusions

Most studies using the Apgar score are focused on the mother. There is no consistent definition of a significant score. Development of any future newborn assessment tools should account for the multiple purposes for which the Apgar score is used.
Prenatal prediction of Shone’s complex. The role of the degree of ventricular disproportion and speckle-tracking analysis
Authors: Moras Patrizio , Pasquini Luciano , Rizzo Giuseppe , Campanale Cosimo Marco , Masci Marco , Di Chiara Luca , Falasconi Giulio , Bagolan Pietro , Toscano Alessandra
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Shone’s complex (SC) is characterized by sequential obstructions of left ventricular (LV) inflow and outflow. It can be associated with poor long-term prognosis when compared to Simple-Aortic Coarctation (S-CoA). We aimed to assess whether the degree of ventricular disproportion and 2D-speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) could improve the accuracy of prenatal prediction of SC.

Methods

75 consecutive fetuses were retrospectively enrolled from January 2010 to June 2021. Fetuses were divided into 4 groups (Group 1: SC; Group 2: S-CoA; Group 3: False Positive-Coarctation of the Aorta [FP-CoA]; group 4: controls). Comparisons for echocardiographic measures and myocardial deformation indices were performed. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed on the MV/TV (mitral valve/tricuspid valve ratio) and LV GLS (global longitudinal strain) values to identify cut-offs to separate group 1 and 2 fetuses.

Results

SC fetuses showed a significant reduction in MV/TV when compared to S-CoA and FP-CoA fetuses (p<0.001). LV GLS in SC fetuses was significantly reduced compared to S-CoA fetuses (−13.3 ± 2.1% vs. −17.0 ± 2.2%, p=0.001). A cut-off value of 0.59 for MV/TV and −15.35% for LV GLS yielded a sensitivity of 76 and 82% and a specificity of 71 and 83% respectively in separating SC vs. S-CoA fetuses.

Conclusions

SC fetuses showed a more severe degree of ventricular disproportion and a lower LV GLS compared to S-CoA, FP-CoA and control fetuses. MV/TV and GLS are both predictors of SC. These findings may improve the quality of prenatal parental counselling.