bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflexiones sobre la concepción y el ejercicio del derecho: neoconstitucionalismo y claves hermenéuticas
Authors: Vega Pasquin Rafael
Published: November 2016

La tesis principal de este artículo se puede formular de un modo sencillo. El estudio inicialmente se dirige a responder dos cuestiones muy concretas: ¿está cambiando la concepción del derecho en nuestros días?, ¿los cambios que se producen son suficientes para poder hablar de una nueva concepción del derecho? Como se ve, se trata esencialmente de contrastar y analizar la operatividad de las principales concepciones clásicas del derecho. Pero se trata también de ir perfilando, aunque sea sobre la marcha, posibles soluciones que comprendan y se adapten mejor al problema en cuestión. Es decir, en función de las transformaciones y cambios operados en la realidad jurídica contemporánea, el autor de este artículo también intentará ofrecer y valerse de una concepción más adecuada o que mejor se corresponda con dicha realidad.
Las minorías en el lenguaje del derecho. Performatividad, cuerpos y teoría de las ficciones
Authors: Palma Dante Augusto
Published: November 2016

¿Qué respuestas ha dado el derecho a las reivindicaciones de minorías que abogan por una deconstrucción de la subjetividad y ponen en tela de juicio los supuestos datos objetivos de la materialidad de un cuerpo? ¿Hay, por ejemplo, un correlato entre las posibilidades aparentemente emancipatorias de una teoría de la performatividad y el lenguaje del derecho? Sobre esta base, el siguiente trabajo profundizará sobre el rol que desempeñan las ficciones en el derecho y los senderos que puede transitar una teoría no-reprentacionalista del lenguaje, contrariando las pretensiones neopositivistas de hallar un lenguaje capaz de describir la realidad tal cual es, al momento de pensar un sistema jurídico más inclusivo y abierto a los nuevos desafíos que las complejas sociedades contemporáneas le demandan.
Sobre la in-distinción propuesta entre cómo son «posibles» las interpretaciones reales y unas que son «posibles» imaginariamente. Descubriendo, gracias a J. A. García Amado, ciertas inéditas (y no poco sabrosas) peripecias del razonamiento «geométrico» acontecidas recientemente en el Reino de Absurdistán
Authors: Haba Enrique P.
Published: November 2016

El autor, al explicar por qué ciertas objeciones recibidas ante sus planteamientos de un escrito anterior (sobre «ponderación» judicial y demás) no tienen verdadera atingencia para ninguna de las tesis sostenidas allí por él mismo, señaladamente aborda determinadas cuestiones de fondo generales: improntas del geometrismo empleado como método de razonamiento todo-general; cómo se logra advertir qué sea posible en tanto que interpretación «objetiva» de textos; la diferencia radical que hay entre fijarse en unos ejemplos de interpretación imaginarios (invocados a guisa de argumentación por el «absurdo») y el considerar las interpretaciones creídas realmente; la escapatoria argumentativa de ampararse bajo ciertas «estrategias de inmunización» (tales como rehusarse a considerar citas opuestas del autor criticado y evitar ocuparse de aproximaciones «complejas» al tema considerado) Ésos son expedientes, muy habituales, para obviar las interrogantes claves de precisión analítico-realista que permiten detectar cuáles son los alcances verdaderos de las bases de pensamiento utilizadas.
Las acciones como transformaciones de estado en G. H. von Wright
Authors: Hilpinen Risto
Published: November 2016

G. H. von Wright desarrolló, en varias publicaciones, lógicas deónticas de la acción en las que analizó las acciones como transformaciones del estado del mundo. Este trabajo es una discusión del modelo de transformación de estado de von Wright y las variantes desarrolladas por otros filósofos.
La lógica de implicación normativa de von Wright y la paradoja de Chisholm
Authors: Maranhão Juliano
Published: November 2016

En sus últimos trabajos sobre lógica deóntica von Wright reinterpreta sus teoremas y derivaciones como meros patrones de racionalidad legislativa, sin compromiso con la existencia de las normas derivadas. Esta propuesta utiliza una cuasi-semántica, sin recurso a valores de verdad, que siguiendo a Hansen (1999) llamaremos lógica de implicación normativa (LIN). En LIN von Wright rescata al sistema estándar y sugiere que las normas condicionales podrían ser representadas por una implicación material dentro del alcance del operador deóntico sin caer en conocidas paradojas, en especial la paradoja de Chisholm (obligaciones contrarias al deber). En este artículo confronto LIN con la paradoja de Chisholm, identifico algunas limitaciones frente a los requisitos de adecuación de Carmo y Jones (2002) y apunto dos dificultades (el problema de la inconsistencia racional y del Kindergarten) que desafían el uso de la implicación material. Seguido a ello, ofrezco una reconstrucción diádica de LIN que supera esas limitaciones y dificultades.
Impulsos y razones en el derecho penal. Hacia una teoría dualista de las emociones
Authors: Manrique María Laura
Published: November 2016

En este trabajo defiendo una teoría dual de las emociones. Mi objetivo es mostrar que las teorías mecanicistas y cognitivas (o cognitivas evaluativas) no son rivales. Utilizo el esquema de von Wright para la relación entre mente y materia para sostener que estas teorías resuelven diferentes niveles o ámbitos de prioridades (epistémico, causal y semántico). Finalmente, subrayo que hay dos diferentes criterios para medir la intensidad de una emoción y ello puede utilizarse para explicar por qué en ocasiones las conductas emocionales agravan la pena y en otras las disminuyen.
Histories for the Many
Authors: Lechner Doris
Published: November 2016

Histories for the Many examines the contribution of illustrated family magazines to Victorian historical culture. How, by whom, for whom and with which intentions was history used within this popular medium? How were class, gender, age, religion, and space debated? How were academic and popular approaches to the past linked to the materiality of the medium? The focus is set on the evangelical Leisure Hour with comparisons to the London Journal, Good Words and Cornhill. The study's approach to the serialisation of history in text and image combines periodical studies and book history with concepts from cultural studies, sociology as well as narratology.
Urban Planning and Everyday Urbanisation
Authors: Appelhans Nadine
Published: November 2016

Urbanisation in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, poses challenges to urban living conditions. Despite large scale housing programmes from the side of the government, construction and settling processes have largely remained incremental. Nadine Appelhans focuses on the relation between statutory planning and practices of everyday urbanisation. The findings from Bahir Dar suggest that some mundane regimes of building the city are patronised, while others are considered undesired by policy makers. Based on this insight, the author argues that urban development in Bahir Dar needs to be locally grounded, differentiated and inclusive to avoid further tendencies of segregation.
Poets of Protest
Authors: Drescher Michael Rodegang
Published: November 2016

Michael Drescher analyzes national mythologies in American and German literature. He focuses on processes of mythological resignification, a literary phenomenon carrying significant implications for questions of identity, democracy, and nationalism in Europe and America. Precise narratological analyses are paired with detailed, transnational readings of Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, Gutzkow's Wally, die Zweiflerin, Brown's Clotel, and Heine's Deutschland. Ein Wintermärchen. The study marries literature, mythology, and politics and contributes to the study of American and German literature at large.
Synthesis and characterization of polystyrene sulfonic acid-polyaniline and montmorillonite nanocomposites
Authors: Velauthamurty Kugamoorthy , Akileshan Vamadevan
Published: November 2016

Numerous polymer ingredients merged montmorillonite (MMT) has received a great deal of attention in the research field of clay-polymer nanocomposites, due to the enhancements in physical properties such as mechanical and thermal properties compared to their parent materials. MMT-polyaniline-polystyrene sulfonic acid nanocomposites containing different amounts of PANI and PSSA were prepared by the interaction of aniline monomer into pristine MMT together with cation intercalated MMT. It is followed by the subsequent oxidative polymerization of the aniline and PSSA in the interlayer spacing to give MMT-PANI-PSSA nanocomposites. X-Ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results confirmed that PANI and PSSA have been inserted within the MMT interlayer. Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) shows that the improved thermal stability for the intercalated nanocomposites in comparison with the PANI clay nanocomposites. The thermal behavior of MMT-PANI-PSSA nanocomposites is analyzed in a wide range of temperatures. TGA analysis suggests that the PSSA-PANI of ratio 3:2 is thermally stable. Cyclic votlammogams of the PSSA-PANI- Ce(III) -MMT shows characteristic redox behavior of that appear in the Ce(IV)/Ce(III) under identical conditions together with the typical electrochemical behavior of PSSA. These prepared nanocomposites have several advantages over the other PSSA-MMT nanocomposites such as lesser sheet resistance, advanced hardness and improved thermal stability.
Performance enhancement of MIMO detectors using wavelet de-noising filters
Authors: Wgeeh Reham , Hussein Amr , Attia Mahmoud
Published: November 2016

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology has attracted great attention in many wireless communication systems. It provides significant enhancement in the spectral efficiency, throughput, and link reliability. There are numerous MIMO signal detection techniques that have been studied in the previous decades such as Maximum Likelihood (ML), Zero Forcing (ZF), Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) detectors, etc. It is well known that the additive and multiplicative noise in the information signal can significantly degrade the performance of MIMO detectors. During the last few years, the noise problem has been the focus of much research, and its solution could lead to profound improvements in symbol error rate performance of the MIMO detectors. In this paper, ML, ZF, and MMSE based wavelet de-noising detectors are proposed. In these techniques, the noise contaminated signals from each receiving antenna element are de-noised individually in parallel to boost the SNR of each branch. The de-noised signals are applied directly to the desired signal detector. The simulation results revealed that the proposed detectors constructed on de-noising basis achieve better symbol error rate (SER) performance than that of systems currently in use.
Percepción de Impunidad: Precipitante del Crimen en Bogotá
Authors: Hermilzon Norza Ervyn , Peñalosa Otero María Jimena , Coronado Neira Juliana , Duque Morales Blanca Idalir , Castro Pérez Diana Patricia
Published: November 2016

Este artículo describe los resultados de una línea de investigación en el fenómeno de impunidad en Bogotá, desarrollada con el objetivo de identificar la influencia de la percepción de impunidad en la generación de criminalidad para los delitos de hurto y homicidio, enfocándose en la perspectiva de los tres actores intervinientes en el proceso penal: víctimas, victimarios y funcionarios judiciales. Se desarrolló una investigación exploratoria descriptiva, combinando herramientas cualitativas-cuantitativas (entrevistas y encuestas), para obtener información de análisis a través de la teoría de elección racional y teoría de juegos. Como resultado se encontró la existencia de percepción de impunidad alta, asociada al funcionamiento del sistema judicial. Se identificaron variables principales y secundarias entendidas como debilidades del sistema, que al entrelazarse soportan la construcción del imaginario “es posible delinquir sin ser condenado”, motivando la generación de hurtos, homicidios y dinámicas de reincidencia.
Expectativas de las familias del alumnado de formación profesional acerca de su futuro laboral
Authors: Garcia-Gomez Soledad , Ordonez-Sierra Rosario , Vinuesa Mariscal Esther , Izquierdo Chaparro Rosario
Published: November 2016

Este artículo es el resultado parcial de un estudio cualitativo centrado en la exploración de las expectativas que tienen las familias de alumnado de formación profesional de grado medio acerca del futuro laboral de aquél. Hasta hace poco se asumía que cursar este tipo de estudios era la mejor vía para acceder rápidamente a un empleo. Sin embargo, la crisis económica actual parece estar tambaleando esta creencia. La formación profesional ya no parece asegurar una adecuada incorporación al mercado laboral. Esta premisa ha guiado nuestra aproximación, mediante entrevistas, a familias del sur de España cuyos hijos e hijas cursan formación profesional. El análisis de contenido revela que las familias están satisfechas con los estudios que están realizando, pero preocupadas acerca de su futuro laboral. Critican las políticas actuales y se muestran reticentes a que sus hijos e hijas tengan que emigrar a otros países para acceder a un empleo en condiciones dignas.
Educación privada e impuestos: ¿Es justo el régimen fiscal de las escuelas particulares en México?
Authors: Espindola Juan
Published: November 2016

Este artículo describe y evalúa el régimen de impuestos que favorece a las escuelas particulares en México, sobre todo en la capital del país. Su tesis central es que este régimen se contrapone a la igualdad y la justicia educativas. La principal aportación del trabajo consiste en examinar diversas fuentes de información, primaria y secundaria, en servicio del argumento normativo que guía este trabajo. La primera sección plantea los problemas centrales que se abordan en el artículo. El segundo apartado esboza las características principales del sector educativo privado y su régimen fiscal en México. Finalmente, la tercera sección demuestra el carácter regresivo de dicho régimen, así como la debilidad de las justificaciones morales a su favor.
An examination of the effects of children’s gender and behavioral problems on the quality of teacher – children relationships
Authors: Koca Fatih
Published: November 2016

The goal of the study was to examine and provide exploratory findings regarding the effects of child gender, gender socialization perspective, and child behavioral problems (i.e., internalizing and externalizing) on the quality of teacher-child relationship. Gender socialization perspective posits that girls tend to be more develop relationships characterized by emotional and physical closeness, whereas boys tend to be more focused on establishing conflictual or agressive and have more extensive, activity-based relationships with other boys. The study was conducted using data from one first grade classroom teacher and fifteen first grade students in Edgelea Elementary School in Lafayette School District. The teacher was asked to complete the Student-Teacher Relationship Scale and the Social Skills Rating System-Behavioral Problems subscale. The study has revealed that girls had a closer and less conflictual relationship with their teacher as compared to boys and there was a strong negative correlation between the quality of teacher-child interaction and child’s behavioral problems. Furthermore, the results of this study have partially supported the gender-socialization perspective.
Is atomoxetine effective in some comorbid mental disorders in ADHD?
Authors: Cesneková D. , Šnircová E. , Nosáľová G. , Ondrejka I.
Published: November 2016

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is connected with high level of psychiatric comorbidity in paediatric population. Depressive disorder is common comorbid disorder co-existing with ADHD. Atomoxetine is worldwide approved for treatment of ADHD in paediatric population; in addition atomoxetine is effective and safe in treatment of some comorbid disorders in ADHD. Pharmacotherapy of depression is limited and residual symptoms are common. Fluoxetine is currently considered to be the gold standard of treatment of depression, but effectiveness of acute phase of treatment is not sufficient. Atomoxetine as a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor or olanzapine as a multi receptors antagonist drug in combination with fluoxetine could be perspective augmented treatment strategy of depression just for their antidepressant effect. The aim of our following study is to evaluate and compare effectiveness and safety of monotherapy and combined/augmented therapy in acute phase of depression treatment in adolescence, as well as introduce complex modern research methodology of effectiveness and safety of treatment.
Gemeinsamer Alltag – geteilter Lebensraum? Der Frankfurter Wochenmarkt als christlich-jüdischer Begegnungsort
Authors: Kasper-Marienberg Verena
Published: November 2016

Weekly markets and cattle markets, as well as local and international fairs, were important places of encounter for Jews and Christians in the early modern period. Weekly grocery markets in particular have drawn only little attention in terms of being »Jewish spaces«, but Jewish men and women were an integral part of them just like Christian men and women were. As both customers and vendors, Jews shaped the customs, times, supply and kinds of offered groceries at these markets. The weekly grocery market of Frankfurt am Main can serve as an example for examining the social interactions as well as the spatial dynamics that could develop in such a closely regulated, hierarchically structured and religiously shaped market space.
Der Nutzen des Judenleibzolls für die Reichsritter
Authors: Behr Peter
Published: November 2016

In the years 1781/1783 Christian Dohm published his book
Genetic studies revealed differences between European and North American populations of Calypogeia azurea
Authors: Buczkowska Katarzyna , Bączkiewicz Alina , Gonera Patrycja
Published: November 2016

Calypogeia azurea, a widespread, subboreal-montane liverwort species, is one of a few representatives of the Calypogeia genus that are characterized by the occurrence of blue oil bodies. The aim of the study was to investigate the genetic variation and population structure of C. azurea originating from different parts of its distribution range (Europe and North America). Plants of C. azurea were compared with C. peruviana, another Calypogeia species with blue oil bodies. In general, 339 gametophytes from 15 populations of C. azurea were examined. Total gene diversity (HT) estimated on the basis of nine isozyme loci of C. azurea at the species level was 0.201. The mean Nei’s genetic distance between European populations was equal to 0.083, whereas the mean genetic distance between populations originating from Europe and North America was 0.413. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 69% of C. azurea genetic variation was distributed among regions (Europe and North America), 15% - among populations within regions, and 16% - within populations. Our study revealed that C. azurea showed genetic diversity within its geographic distribution. All examined samples classified as C. azurea differed in respect of isozyme patterns from C. peruviana.
Populations of Orchis militaris, Epipactis palustris and Malaxis monophyllos in the Republic of Mordovia (Central Russia)
Authors: Khapugin Anatoliy A. , Silaeva Tatyana B. , Semchuk Anastasia A. , Kunaeva Elena N.
Published: November 2016

Population-based studies of endangered plant species are key methods for assessment of the status for these plants at any territory. Plant species of the Orchidaceae family are sensitive components in natural ecosystems. That is why determination of the status for their populations can be considered as indicators for the status of natural ecosystem position as a whole. Investigations of three Orchidaceae species populations (Orchis militaris L., Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz, Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Swartz) were carried out in Central Russia (Republic of Mordovia). Abundance, density, structure and dynamics of populations of these species were studied. Species composition of accompanying flora was established for each rare species. Some morphometrical parameters of individuals for the studied species were measured. Features of ontogenetic spectrum for Orchis militaris and Epipactis palustris populations were shown.
Changes in the phytoplankton diversity of two oxbow lakes in a big city: a case study of Wrocław (Poland)
Authors: Richter Dorota , Bączek Paulina
Published: November 2016

The subject of this study is to analyse changes in the taxonomic structure and development intensity of phytoplankton and, thus, to determine the diversity of cyanobacteria and algae along with the trophy state of two oxbow lakes in the Wrocław area (south-western Poland). The analysis of samples and data from previous years showed a total of 244 cyanobacteria and algae species within these two lakes. The species composition changed significantly in both of them – there were found 90 species new to the studied flora (37% of current flora) and 74 species which were previously recorded. The diversity of cyanobacteria and algae reflects the conditions in these water bodies and each change in ecological conditions (e.g., anthropological dangers) is reflected by a change in the phytoplankton assemblage structure. Consequently, knowledge of taxonomic diversity is useful in monitoring water bodies to preserve them in good conditions. Both studied oxbow lakes belong to eutrophic ecosystems as evidenced by their phycoflora, which is rich in species characteristic of high-trophy water, and recorded water blooms. The analysis of changes in cyanobacterial and algal assemblages in these lakes was also a basis for determining their trophy and finding it to be progressively eutrophic. Regular phycological studies of Wrocław numerous water bodies are essential and, in the future, will allow us to protect them and to react quickly in case of danger to these ecosystems. It will also allow us to study eutrophication processes in the water bodies that are crucial to the city.
A National Dividend vs. a Basic Income – Similarities and Differences
Authors: Heydorn M. Oliver
Published: November 2016

The following article will briefly compare and contrast the Social Credit proposal of a National Dividend, which was one of the three key planks in C.H. Douglas’ monetary reform proposals, with the contemporary call for the introduction of a basic income. In some ways, the National Dividend and the basic income (as typically conceived) are quite similar. One of the basic purposes of each is to eliminate or at least reduce poverty by providing each citizen with a secure income that is independent of employment. However, when it comes to the structural nature of the proposed benefit, its relationship to the existing social structure, and, finally, the methods that have been proposed for financing it, there are significant differences between the National Dividend and a conventional basic income that must not be overlooked.
Transcript expression and genetic variability analysis of caspases in breast carcinomas suggests CASP9 as the most interesting target
Authors: Brynychova Veronika , Hlavac Viktor , Ehrlichova Marie , Vaclavikova Radka , Nemcova-Furstova Vlasta , Pecha Vaclav , Trnkova Marketa , Mrhalova Marcela , Kodet Roman , Vrana David , Gatek Jiri , Bendova Marie , Vernerova Zdenka , Kovar Jan , Soucek Pavel
Published: November 2016

Background:

Apoptosis plays a critical role in cancer cell survival and tumor development. We provide a hypothesis-generating screen for further research by exploring the expression profile and genetic variability of caspases (2, 3, 7, 8, 9, and 10) in breast carcinoma patients. This study addressed isoform-specific caspase transcript expression and genetic variability in regulatory sequences of caspases 2 and 9.

Methods:

Gene expression profiling was performed by quantitative real-time PCR in tumor and paired non-malignant tissues of two independent groups of patients. Genetic variability was determined by high resolution melting, allelic discrimination, and sequencing analysis in tumor and peripheral blood lymphocyte DNA of the patients.

Results:

CASP3 A+B and S isoforms were over-expressed in tumors of both patient groups. The CASP9 transcript was down-regulated in tumors of both groups of patients and significantly associated with expression of hormonal receptors and with the presence of rs4645978-rs2020903-rs4646034 haplotype in the CASP9 gene. Patients with a low intratumoral CASP9A/B isoform expression ratio (predicted to shift equilibrium towards anti-apoptotic isoform) subsequently treated with adjuvant chemotherapy had a significantly shorter disease-free survival than those with the high ratio (p=0.04). Inheritance of CC genotype of rs2020903 in CASP9 was associated with progesterone receptor expression in tumors (p=0.003).

Conclusions:

Genetic variability in CASP9 and expression of its splicing variants present targets for further study.
A rapid UPLC-MS/MS assay for the simultaneous measurement of fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, itraconazole, and hydroxyitraconazole concentrations in serum
Authors: Basu Sankha S. , Petrides Athena , Mason Donald S. , Jarolim Petr
Published: November 2016

Background:

Triazole antifungals are essential to the treatment and prophylaxis of fungal infections. Significant pharmacokinetic variability combined with a clinical need for faster turnaround times has increased demand for in-house therapeutic drug monitoring of these drugs, which is best performed using mass spectrometry-based platforms. However, technical and logistical obstacles to implementing these platforms in hospital laboratories have limited their widespread utilization. Here, we present the development and validation of a fast and simple ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method to measure fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, itraconazole, and hydroxyitraconazole in human serum suitable for incorporation into a hospital clinical laboratory.

Methods:

Serum samples (20 µL) were prepared using protein precipitation in the presence of deuterated internal standards. Chromatographic separation was accomplished using reversed phase UPLC and analysis was performed using positive-mode electrospray ionization and collision-induced dissociation MS.

Results:

Total analytical run time was 3 min. All analytes demonstrated linearity (r2>0.998) from 0.1 to 10 µg/mL (1–100 µg/mL for fluconazole), acceptable accuracy and precision (%DEV<15% and %CV<15% at all levels tested), suitable stability under relevant storage conditions, and correlated well with reference laboratory results.

Conclusions:

A simple and rapid UPLC-MS/MS method for monitoring multiple triazole antifungals was developed with a focus on the needs of hospital laboratories. The assay is suitable for clinical utilization and management of patients on these medications.
Study of the Anti – Pregnancy - Associated Glycoprotein (Anti – Pag) Resulted from Antigen Pag Immunization, as Prospective Early Pregnancy Detector in Animals
Authors: Lestari Tita Damayanti
Published: November 2016

Blastocyst protein named pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) has been isolated from pregnant dairy cow serum. PAG yielded from previous research issued from pregnant animals, wherein was specifically produced. This study is an initial research to use PAG as an antigen to be injected to rabbit in order to produce the corresponding antibody. The objective of the research was to study the character of anti-pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (Anti-PAG), as a result of immunization of PAG and to learn its specification reaction. The PAG isolate had bovine origin (molecular weight-MW of 67.34 kDa) and issued from previous research. Injection of PAG isolate could stimulate the production of Anti-PAG as an immunization response. Immunization was done by double booster inoculation. Anti-PAG derived from immunization was characterized via antibody titer value using ELISA technique. Specificity test of Anti-PAG was carried on by Western Blot technique. Results revealed that injection of PAG isolate to the rabbit stimulates anti-PAG production. Concentration of Anti-PAG was 1.192 μg with titer of 1.044. Anti-PAG derived from rabbits recognized Standard PAG antigen (bovine PAG MDBiomed cat. 101-7963-13-3) and PAG isolate derived from previous research. The reaction of antigen antibody is the basic structure of creating a gestation detection kit. Anti-PAG is expected to be the molecular marker in developing a gestation detection kit in the near future.
Mimesis
Authors: Raulet Gérard
Published: November 2016

This text is a discussion of Walter Benjamin’s speculation on a so called “mimetic faculty” as well as a critical position to the debate between Philosophical Anthropology and Critical Theory which can be considered as insufficient until now. Although Axel Honneth regards it as rather marginal, Benjamin’s approach is much more radical than his own paradigm of recognition – and this not only in anthropological respect but also with regard to the core of the problem: the reification and the domination of the form of commodity.
Körper, Geist, Empfindung
Authors: Mulsow Martin
Published: November 2016

As a member of the Illuminati Order, Karl Leonhard Reinhold wrote an – hitherto unknown – expert report about an internal manuscript on “The development of the forces of our mind” in January 1785. The manuscript had outlined a materialist theory of sensations and a conception of the interplay of the drives of pleasure and self-preservation. Reinhold, being in his early Kantian phase, criticized the materialism of this theory. In his own development, however, Reinhold returned soon to the topic of the drive of pleasure (in hisÜber die Natur des Vergnügens, 1788/89), where he does not totally exclude the materialism of Helvetius, but includes his conception in a synthetic Kantian approach.
Logische und andere Räume
Authors: Keiling Tobias
Published: November 2016

Spatial metaphors have peculiar prominence in accounts of rationality, such as in the phrase “space of reason” made prominent by Wilfrid Sellars and John McDowell. This article attempts to understand the potential of such comparisons of reason to space, taking Wittgenstein’s metaphor of “logical space” as exemplary. As Hans Blumenberg observes in his reading of Wittgenstein and in contrast to its stated aim, the account of “logical space” in theTractatusdoes not achieve a final delimitation of reason. Wittgenstein’s discussion of different forms of rationality rather leads him to consider a plurality of spaces. Asking how these different spaces or fields of meaning can be congruent at all, Wittgenstein is led to consider the indeterminacy of space itself in contrast to the different localizations it allows.
Die Vorteile des Pragmatismus in Theorien Kosmopolitischer Gerechtigkeit
Authors: Bray Daniel
Published: November 2016

This article explores the Pragmatist and Rawlsian forms of cosmopolitanism that have emerged in recent decades in efforts to extend theories of justice to the global level. The Pragmatist approach is critical and problem-centred, using an account of the problematic situation and a reconstruction of inherited ideals to develop normative theories for action in a specific political context. The Rawlsian approach is abstract and systemic, deducing ideal institutional principles from thought experiments that require later implementation in the non-ideal world. The main argument of the article is that Pragmatists employ three methodological elements that give them important practical advantages over Rawlsians in providing action-guiding norms. First, a detailed account of the problem of injustice provides an indispensable empirical grounding that frames normative responses. Second, a critical reconstruction of the normative vocabulary relating to the problem ensures that the ideals used to guide action are historically relevant to the community of action. And finally, an account of normative theories in terms of their concrete requirements and means of realisation in the particular situation ensures they are attuned to its political constraints and possibilities for change.
Funny business: Using humor for good in the workplace
Authors: Caudill Abbie , Woodzicka Julie
Published: November 2016

Depending on how it is used, humor can have both positive (
Novel Feedback Control to Improve Biohydrogen Production by Desulfovibrio alaskensis
Authors: Velázquez-Sánchez H. I. , Puebla-Nuñez H. F. , Aguilar-López R.
Published: November 2016

In this paper, a novel control algorithm to increase biohydrogen production in a continuous reactor using the sulphate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio alaskensis with lactate as carbon source is proposed. This work was conducted via numerical simulations, based on an experimentally corroborated kinetic model, considered as a benchmark of the system. A bifurcation analysis to identify the reactor’s steady-state performance was done in order to identify feasible operating regions. The proposed controller cancels the upper bounds of the reactor, imposing a finite-time convergence to the selected set point. The closed-loop stability of the reactor is analysed via the dynamic of the regulation error. Finally, numerical experiments were conducted in order to compare the dynamic behaviour of the proposed closed-loop system versus its open-loop counterpart and a well-tuned classical PI controller one. The proposed methodology increases the hydrogen productivity controlling with a satisfactory performance the biomass concentration, which is considered as the control output.
An Examination of the Implementation of Risk Based Approaches in Military Operations
Authors: Liwång Hans , Ericson Marika , Bang Martin
Published: November 2016

Today several nations utilise risk based approaches in military planning. However, the discussion on limitations with the approaches in regard to aspects such as uncertainties, the nature of the threat and risk to civilians is limited.

The aim of this work is to identify important challenges when applying risk based approaches to military activity. This article discusses risk based approaches in general and their military applications. Five generic quality requirements on risk analysis are presented from research in risk philosophy. Two military application areas for risk analysis: military intelligence, and risk management in legal assessments are analysed in relation to the presented quality requirements on risk analysis.

From the analysis it is clear that risk analysis is an integral part of the decision-making analysis and cannot be separated in time, space or organisationally from the decision-making process in general. Defining the scenario to analyse, including the time span, is a central task in risk analysis and will affect every aspect of the risk estimation. Therefore, the principles for scenario definition must be communicated and continuously updated throughout the organisation. Handling the uncertainties throughout the process is also important, especially if the aim is a resilient military system.
A Two Person Zero Sum Game Oriented to Integration of Objectives
Authors: Aplak Hakan , Kabak Mehmet , Köse Erkan
Published: November 2016

Decision making process is a process which includes decision makers, actors, environmental factors, objectives, strategies and criteria. In competitive environments, effectiveness of decision process depends on determining all environmental factors and evaluating them according to objectives. Decision makers aim to find optimal strategies for conflicting objectives. Game theory is an approach based on mathematics in which strategies of players are evaluated reciprocally by considering environmental effects.

In this study, a two-person zero-sum game approach is presented for choosing optimal strategies of actors in competitive environment by balancing objectives reciprocally. This approach refers to evaluation of each objective, creation of decision payoff matrixes by using fuzzy logic mathematical applications and their transformation to final decision payoff matrix subsequently. Finally, optimal strategies and their probabilities are found. A military case study is presented for illustrating the application of proposed approach.
The Dilemmas of the Developmental State: Democracy and Economic Development in Brazil
Authors: Prado Mariana Mota , Schapiro Mario , Coutinho Diogo R.
Published: November 2016

Is it possible to reconcile one of the institutional strategies to promote development, known in the literature as “the developmental state”, with contemporary democratic systems of government? If so, what are the challenges, trade-offs and potential gains that such an effort may entail? The vast literature on “the developmental state” claims that it is more likely to succeed under autocratic regimes. While a “democratic developmental state” seems possible in theory, there is very little empirical evidence to show how it would work in practice. This article tries to contribute to this debate by analyzing the case of Brazil, a country that transitioned from a military dictatorship to a democratic regime in the late 1980s, and has been moving towards increasing state interventionism since 2002. While the policies implemented by the “New Developmental State” in Brazil have been explored in the academic literature, their democratic dimensions remain unchartered. There has not been a detailed analysis about how the autocratic features that characterized the developmental states in Latin America from the 1950s to the end of the 1980s (i. e. political exclusion of the majority of groups, and control of economic policies by an elite) have played out in its renewed version. Understanding the interactions between the New Developmental State and the democratic system not only allows for a better understanding of the Brazilian case, but it also sheds light on one of the most important theoretical questions raised by the development literature: is a democratic developmental state possible? Based on the Brazilian case study, we argue that it is not hard to reconcile “the developmental state” with a thin conception of democracy, i. e. with free and fair elections. In contrast, the picture is more complex if the question is whether it is possible to reconcile developmental policies with a thicker conception of democracy that includes demands for transparency, protection of minority groups, a system of checks and balances, and due process. To develop this argument, this article is divided in three parts. In the first part, we provide an overview of the literature, outlining the concept of developmental state, and the tensions that the developmental state policies may create in a democratic setting. In the second part, we focus on the Brazilian case (the “new developmental state”), exploring how these tensions played out in three concrete settings: industrial policy, infrastructure sectors, and social policies. In the third part, we identify some of the research implications of the challenges identified in the Brazilian case, especially for future law and development scholarship.
Religion as Identity
Authors: Eisenberg Avigail
Published: November 2016

This paper examines the shift in how religious freedom is understood from a matter of protecting individual choice to a matter identity. According to the choice approach, the state must protect the individual’s freedom to choose but it cannot be expected to bear the costs of the religious choices citizens make. The identity approach treats the claims individuals and groups make about their religious commitments as non-negotiable facts rather than choices and considers the failure of the state to protect these commitments as unjust because it exposes the individual to disrespect and disadvantage, and stigmatizes and excludes them from full membership in the polity. This paper examines the political context in which the identity approach has emerged in the last 50 years. It then examines three implications of this shift from choice to identity for the protection of religious freedom. Such a shift 1) enhances the capacity of courts to address claims of historical injustice, 2) leads courts to focus on the religious practices of groups rather than individuals, and 3) increases the pressure on courts to assess the authenticity of religious beliefs and practices. These implications lead to significant challenges for public institutions, which are discussed in the final section of the paper.
Multiculturalism, Identity Claims, and Human Rights: From Politics to Courts
Authors: Torbisco-Casals Neus
Published: November 2016

Across Europe, courts (both domestic and international) are increasingly playing a central role in dealing with identity-driven conflicts across deeply entrenched ethnocultural divides. At the outset, many of these controversies are seemingly religious or cultural disputes, involving the interpretation of individual rights such as freedom of conscience, freedom of association, and freedom of religion. Yet if we scratch beyond the surface, there is much more at stake in these disputes, or so this paper contends. Broader disagreements that confront majority and minority cultures regarding group rights and the shifting intersections between religion, ethnicity, and gender are played out in these judicial battles. The paper traces the so-called “crisis of multiculturalism” in the European political rhetoric and practice and highlights its impact on the de-juridification of cultural rights and on the tendency to seek accommodation through litigation (typically by minority litigants increasingly frustrated with the political backlash against their rights). It then inquires into the prospects of this strategy, pointing out the limitations courts face when adjudicating identity conflicts pertaining to minority groups traditionally disadvantaged in mainstream political processes. These concerns are illustrated through revisiting a number of controversies over Muslim veils that have been resolved by the European Court of Human Rights. The paper cautiously concludes that a shift toward more participatory political processes is more likely to mitigate the decline of progressive forms of multiculturalism and consolidate minority rights.
Discourse attention during utterance planning affects referential form choice
Authors: Zerkle Sandra A. , Arnold Jennifer E.
Published: November 2016

An unstudied source of linguistic variation is the use of discourse-appropriate language. Sometimes individuals use linguistic devices (anaphors, connectors) to connect utterances to the discourse context, and sometimes not. We asked how this variation is related to utterance planning, using eyetracking with a narrative production task. Participants saw picture pairs depicting two events. They heard a description of the first event (Context picture), then added to the story by describing the second event (Target picture). We found that one group of participants produced utterances that connected with the discourse context (Context-Users), using pronouns/zeros and connectors (and/then) as appropriate, while another group consistently used definite NP descriptions and virtually no connectors (Context-Ignorers). Eyetracking measures reflected utterance planning within a discourse context: all participants shifted their attention from the Context picture to the Target picture throughout a trial. We also observed group differences: Context-Users directed their attention in a more systematic way than Context-Ignorers. At trial onset, Context-Users looked more at the Context picture than Context-Ignorers. Right before speaking, they looked more at the Target picture than Context-Ignorers. The Context-Users also had shorter latency to begin speaking. This study provides a first step toward characterizing individual differences in terms of utterance planning.
Learning Strategies Facilitating the Processes of Language Learning in Adult Education
Authors: Gunišová Denisa
Published: November 2016

The issue of learning must be based on the latest knowledge of various sciences and also respond to the needs of society. The meaning of life of adults lies in satisfying their needs as well as their self-realization in personal and career direction. In this paper, we focus on the issue of adult language education. Success in acquiring foreign language skills of adults depends on several factors, the level of cognitive functions is different from children, and therefore it is necessary to respect this fact when teaching adults. The way to succeed in this is to teach how to search for information, to sort and use them logically in practice. A precondition is to teach how to learn, how to use metacognitive strategies and learn how to plan the learning. The aim of this paper is to point to learning strategies, such as concept maps through which it comes to the development of metacognition and building a comprehensive knowledge structure in adult education.
The Aspects of Civic Consciousness in Georgian Literature
Authors: Tsiklauri Marine
Published: November 2016

Only society, equipped with civic consciousness will retain identity and take a stand in the modern global world. The research aims at revealing distinctive characters of Georgian way of thinking based on the examples from scientific works and fiction.

Interesting explanation regarding the essence of citizenship is given by a great Georgian scientist Saint Grigol Peradze in his series of letters “Content of real citizenship” (interpretation of The Lord’s Prayer - Our Father). He postulates:” Aim of citizen’s life and of citizenship itself should be God”. Civic Consciousness in the history of Georgian literature originates from hagiography and immediately comprises double service. Hagiography hero serves for conversion of physical and spiritual “desert” into “city”.

The poetry of great Georgian poet Vazha-Pshavela possesses all characteristics of highly developed civic consciousness. Vazha-Pshavela is considered to be “a poet of future” (critic Tamaz Chkhenkeli), also “a poet of soul” (Grigol Kiknadze), because his creative work is directed towards spiritual forces of a human and serve for spiritual prosperity.
Results of the Ongoing Monitoring of the Position of a Geostationary Telecommunication Satellite by the Method of Spatially Separated Basis Receiving of Digital Satellite Television Signals
Authors: Bushuev F. , Kaliuzhnyi M. , Sybiryakova Y. , Shulga O. , Moskalenko S. , Balagura O. , Kulishenko V.
Published: November 2016

The results of the ongoing monitoring of the position of geostationary telecommunication satellite Eutelsat-13B (13° East) are presented in the article. The results were obtained using a radio engineering complex (RC) of four stations receiving digital satellite television and a data processing centre. The stations are located in Kyiv, Mukachevo, Kharkiv and Mykolaiv.

The equipment of each station allows synchronous recording (by the GPS) of fragments of DVB-S signal from the quadrature detector output of the satellite television receiver. Samples of the complex signal are archived and sent to the data processing center through the Internet. Here three linearly independent slant range differences (Δr) for three pairs of the stations are determined as a result of correlation processing of received signals. Every second measured values of Δr are used to calculate Cartesian coordinates (XYZ) of the satellite in the coordinate system WGS84 by multilateration method.

The time series of Δr, X, Y and Z obtained during continuous observations from March to May 2015 are presented in the article. Single-measurement errors of Δr, X, Y and Z are equal to 2.6 m, 3540 m, 705 m and 455 m, respectively. The complex is compared with known analogues. Ways of reduction of measurement errors of satellite coordinates are considered.

The radio engineering complex could be considered a prototype of a system of independent ongoing monitoring of the position of geostationary telecommunication satellites.