bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
It’s okay to think freely: how participation changed us
Authors: McMellon Christina , Dempsie Katherine , Eltiraifi Myada
Published: January 2022

While there is a significant literature exploring the theory and practice of young people’s participation, there is less written about young people’s experiences of taking part in participation activities. This chapter, co-written by two young people who volunteer with a project called Young Edinburgh Action (YEA) and a member of staff from YEA, provides a rich exploration of such experiences. The chapter comprises of a ‘story’ written by each individual author detailing their time with the project. The authors then reflect on three themes that feel important to them: the importance of relationships in young people’s participation, the concept of ‘space’ in young people’s participation and the role of the participation worker.
Bounded agency and social participation: how socioeconomic situation and experiences influence young people’s way of engaging in society
Authors: Israel Sabine , Deakin Jo , Franc Renata , Markina Anna , Murakas Rein , Quandt Markus
Published: January 2022

This chapter presents data from the PROMISE Youth Survey gathered as part of PROMISE, a Horizon 2020 research project addressing the social participation of young people in conflict with authority. Building on the work of Evans (2002), Munford and Sanders (2015) and Ekman and Amnå (2012), the authors develop the concept of social participation to provide a broader, context-based definition that allows an exploration of a diverse range of youth activities. The analysis explores the diverse forms of social participation and the factors that can influence young people´s agency and ability to engage. The authors highlight the extent to which young people´s agency is bound by their experience and current social context, and assess under which circumstances those experiences can become an enabler of engagement.
Digital participation and digital divides in a former socialist country
Authors: Allaste Airi-Alina , Cairns David
Published: January 2022

This chapter discusses the issue of youth digital participation. Social media in particular is thought to be able to open up new means of being political, albeit with strong criticism of participation via this means also noted. The chapter focuses on this theme of digital participation in Estonia, a country labelled as the ‘first digital nation’, that also has the legacy of being a former socialist country with limited levels of civic engagement and variable levels of participation between different groups of young people. The chapter hence analyses how young people politically engage through the internet, and how differences persist between those who use the internet for politics and those who do not. Empirical evidence is taken from a large-scale European project, MYPLACE (Memory, Youth, Political Legacy and Civic Engagement), which gathered data from two contrasting sites within Estonia, thus enabling us to make contrasts between different youth digital participation experiences.
The participation project: how projects shape young people’s participation
Authors: Bruselius-Jensen Maria , Nielsen Anne Mette W.
Published: January 2022

This chapter focusses on professionally facilitated efforts to promote young people’s participation through project-based activities located within young people’s everyday spaces. Inspired by theories of the emergence of a ‘project society’ (Jensen, 2012) and ‘projective regimes’ (Boltansky and Chiapello, 2005), the chapter discusses the implications of a regime driven by social mobility, fast and continuous innovation and managerial logics with the aim to promote societal activity through projects. Drawing on case studies of young people’s experiences while taking part in two project-based initiatives that aim to promote young people’s participation in school and in the psychiatric system respectively, the chapter demonstrates how this project regime greatly affects who how and to what aims young people are able to participate in change and decision-making.
Justifying self-organisation: between inequality and critique
Authors: Sand Anne-Lene
Published: January 2022

Based on two ethnographic fieldwork and the concepts of self-organisation and semi-organisation, this chapter analyses how young people from Denmark organise themselves within their leisure. The chapter focuses on how young people design participatory possibilities for other young people mainly by themselves, but also through dialogue and collaboration with municipalities, associations and external entities. The chapter draws upon Boltanski and Thévenot’s pragmatic sociology and illustrates how temporal and spatial logics influence youth participatory processes. The notion of justification makes it possible to analyse participatory processes which are often taken for granted when it comes to designing participatory spaces for young people in Scandinavia. The chapter title, Between Inequality and Critique, denotes an intersection between how institutional logics, on the one hand, construct unequal opportunities for young people and, at the same time, motivates a critical thinking towards existing participatory possibilities, which foster processes of empowerment that would not emerge otherwise.
Journey mapping as a method to make sense of participation
Authors: Nielsen Anne Mette W. , Bruselius-Jensen Maria
Published: January 2022

This chapter explores how journey mapping as a qualitative research method allows young people on the edge of society to reflect upon and make sense of their engagement in different youth projects. The method provides the young people with the time, space and means to explore the participatory activities they engage in and to map the multiple ways they play into the often messy, multi-sensual and frictional youth life on the edge of society. This approach to journey mapping is inspired by cultural researcher Roz Stewart-Hall, who developed the method along with other participatory-driven visual methods in a critique of how project evaluation seldom carried any meaningful insights into what makes a difference to the participants in different projects as well as in broader explorations of what it means to be a young person on the edge of society (Hall, 2005; Hall, 2015).
Playful walks: a methodological approach for analysing the embodied citizenship of young people in the countryside
Authors: Levy Claire
Published: January 2022

Working with visual and playful multimedia methods, the chapter focuses on what this approach can offer youth studies and qualitative research. The research, which took place in summer 2017 in a rural town in UK, aimed to explore how young people in the countryside engage with their localities through the visual and the non-verbal. By understanding playfulness as subversion (Bakhtin, 1984; Sutton-Smith, 2009) the chapter foregrounds a way to access forms of participation outside institutional, state activity. The chapter seeks to subvert the over focus of youth research on urban experience, producing a deeper narrative of youth citizenship in the countryside. Analysis shows how these methods reconfigure the power relationships between them and the researcher by offering greater scope for autonomy within the research process. The multimedia methodology also affords the opportunity to reveal its processes to readers without hiding their complex, messy and infinite nature. Instead, the methodology foregrounds the richness of that complexity (Glaser and Strauss, 1978).
Transformative participation in the lifeworlds of marginalised youth: learning for change
Authors: Bladt Mette , Percy-Smith Barry
Published: January 2022

The chapter contributes to discourses of youth participation with respect to understanding what forms of participation might make a difference for marginalised young people living in the context of structural inequality. Drawing on Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) and Critical Utopian Action Research (CUAR), the chapter makes a case for a transformational learning approach to participation that involves learning and change at both an individual level and in professional interventions with marginalised young people. The chapter presents a case study with young people engaged in criminal and violent activities. This case study provides an opportunity to reflect on the challenges and possibilities of using ‘alternative’, transformative, action-based interpretations of youth participation and empowerment involving social learning rooted in professional encounters with young people’s lifeworlds.
Determination of optical constants of thin films in the EUV
Authors: Ciesielski Richard , Saadeh Qais , Philipsen Vicky , Opsomer Karl , Soulié Jean-Philippe , Wu Meiyi , Naujok Philipp , van de Kruijs Robbert W. E. , Detavernier Christophe , Kolbe Michael , Scholze Frank , Soltwisch Victor
Published: January 2022

The determination of fundamental optical parameters is essential for the development of new optical elements such as mirrors, gratings, or photomasks. Especially in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft x-ray spectral range, the existing databases for the refractive indices of many materials and compositions are insufficient or are a mixture of experimentally measured and calculated values from atomic scattering factors. Since the physical properties of bulk materials and thin films with thicknesses in the nanometer range are not identical, measurements need to be performed on thin layers. In this study we demonstrate how optical constants of various thin film samples on a bulk substrate can be determined from reflection measurements in the EUV photon energy range from 62 eV to 124 eV. Thin films with thickness of 20 nm to 50 nm of pure Mo, Ni, Pt, Ru, Ta, and Te and different compositions of

N

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x

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, PtTe,

P

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x

M
o

,

R

u

x

T

a

x

,

R

u

3

R
e

,

R

u

2

W

, and TaTeN were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering and measured using EUV reflectometry. The determination optical constants of the different materials are discussed and compared to existing tabulated values.
Modern high-performance angle measuring systems based on monolithic optics [Invited]
Authors: Dowski Edward , Johnson Gregory , Claytor Nelson
Published: January 2022

We describe modern angle measuring systems based on monolithic optics and modern information theory. These systems have a large field of view, no moving parts, small size, low weight, and the lowest possible costs in high-volume applications. In addition, the accuracy and precision of these angle measuring systems can be on the order of arc seconds or micro radians. We describe these systems and their applications to six degree-of-freedom localization and angular velocity estimation.
Multiple-scattering suppressive refractive index tomography for the label-free quantitative assessment of multicellular spheroids
Authors: Yasuhiko Osamu , Takeuchi Kozo , Yamada Hidenao , Ueda Yukio
Published: January 2022

Refractive index (RI) tomography is a quantitative tomographic technique used to visualize the intrinsic contrast of unlabeled biological samples. Conventional RI reconstruction algorithms are based on weak-scattering approximation, such as the Born or Rytov approximation. Although these linear algorithms are computationally efficient, they are invalid when the fields are strongly distorted by multiple scattering (MS) of specimens. Herein, we propose an approach to reconstruct the RI distributions of MS objects even under weak-scattering approximation using an MS-suppressive operation. The operation converts the distorted fields into MS-suppressed fields, where weak-scattering approximation is applicable. Using this approach, we reconstructed a whole multicellular spheroid and successfully visualized its internal subcellular structures. Our work facilitates the realization of RI tomography of MS specimens and label-free quantitative analysis of 3D multicellular specimens.
Optics Manufacturing Technician Apprenticeships
Authors: Vogt Alexis , Micali Rosario
Published: January 2022

The booming optics manufacturing industry is suffering from a severe shortage of skilled technicians. The registered Optics Manufacturing Technician apprenticeship is a structured “earn and learn” solution that combines on-the-job learning with related technical instruction.
A Simple and Ready to Use Code to Simulate Paraxial Beam Propagation
Authors: Paredes Angel , Figueiras Edgar , Olivieri David N. , Michinel Humberto
Published: January 2022

We provide a software package implementing the well-known beam propaga- tion method to integrate the 1+1 and 1+2 dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation. It is useful to simulate optical beam propagation in the spatial and temporal domains.
Fostering flow and feedback in the classroom: increasing the successful implementation of active learning instruction
Authors: Charles Elizabeth S. , Adams Rhys , Dugdale Michael , Lenton Kevin , Brouillette Yann , Jackson Phoebe , Lasry Nathaniel , Zhang Chao
Published: January 2022

We present three case studies focused on different types of feedback scenarios, each featuring a different technological tool. Results show greater student participation and engagement, and facilitation of teacher orchestration of active learning pedagogy.
Teaching silicon photonics using new technologies
Authors: Mashanovich Goran Z. , Milosevic Milan M. , Littlejohns Callum G. , Lee Mimi , Bazzini Sofia , Fielding Sarah , Nedeljkovic Milos
Published: January 2022

To improve student learning experience in several photonics modules we teach at the University of Southampton, we use software packages for photonic circuit simulation and design, our cleanroom complex for the fabrication of the designed circuits, and experimental labs that we have developed for the characterisation.
Designing At-Home Experiment on The Inverse Square Law of Light during Pandemic: An Action Research
Authors: Ayop Shahrul Kadri , Alias Siti Nursaila
Published: January 2022

We designed an at-home experiment on the inverse square law of light as an alternative to a standard in-campus experiment during the COVID-19 pandemic. The collaborative experiment uses smartphones with remote instructor’s support.
Utilizing Open Spaces for community-driven Development of XR Teaching Applications in Photonics
Authors: Kretzschmar Johannes , Best Sabine , Zakoth David , Voigt Henrik , Li Ke , Kaiser Thomas , Geiss Reinhard , Helgert Christian , Pertsch Thomas
Published: January 2022

We present an approach of developing XR teaching applications by implementing open spaces as a hub for the photonics community and developers interested in XR technologies and give a first evaluation of technologies and platforms.
An Optical Prototype for Simulating the Laser Delivery Method in a Typical LASIK Device
Authors: Abdelhalim Ibrahim , Hamdy Omnia
Published: January 2022

In the present work, we simulate the flying-spot laser delivery device utilized in a typical LASIK procedure via a simple, low cost, safe and representative optical prototype suitable for education and training purposes.
Holography: 50th Anniversary of Dennis Gabor’s Nobel Prize. Part II. An Engineering Perspective
Authors: Sheridan John T. , Beléndez Augusto , Pascual Inmaculada
Published: January 2022

The holographic principle, discovered by Gabor, and realized by Leith & Upatnieks and Denisyuk is discussed. The intrinsic value of this idea and its continuing ability to motivate and inspire engineers and applied physicists is reviewed.
Online Training in the Design-Fabricate-Test of Silicon Photonic Circuits
Authors: Chrostowski Lukas , Shoman Hossam
Published: January 2022

This paper describes the rationale for developing the online course, “Phot1x: Silicon Photonics Design, Fabrication and Data Analysis”, offered via edX UBCx, and shares some of our experiences in teaching this course. The course was developed in 2015, and has been offered several times annually to a global audience since then.
Hybrid Teaching During a Pandemic of Advanced Labs and Their Lecture Classes
Authors: Lukishova Svetlana G. , Morshed Ovishek , Vijayakumar Surendar , Staffa Jeremy
Published: January 2022

Three advanced lab classes were taught both “in person”
and remotely through Zoom with recording lab videos: (1) Sources and
Detectors; (2) Nanometrology (AFM, optical microscopy, electron
microscopy); and (3) Quantum and Nano-Optics (entangled/single-photon
sources).
Online learning combining virtual lectures, at-home experiments and computer simulations: a multidisciplinary teaching and learning approach
Authors: Nogueira Marcelo Saito , Komolibus Katarzyna , Gunther Jacqueline Elizabeth , Sekar Sanathana Konugolu Venkata , Jayet Baptiste , Tobo Andrea Liliana Pacheco , Li Celina L. , Maryam Siddra , Tyndall Caitriona , Kennedy Declan , Andersson-Engels Stefan
Published: January 2022

We developed a fully-remote biophotonics workshop integrating webinars, computer simulations and at-home experiments to meet the needs of undergraduate students with diverse backgrounds and learning styles. Similar strategies/resources could be used in multidisciplinary programs.
Calling all artists, musicians, gamers, chefs, mechanics, and athletes
Authors: Vogt Alexis
Published: January 2022

A worldwide shortage of optics and photonics technicians is stifling our industry’s growth. This paper describes how Monroe Community College has become a national model for educating a diverse workforce, by breaking down barriers to entry into the field.
Should Optics Be Taught as Continuing Medical Education to Optometrists?
Authors: Balaji J. Jothi , Lakshminarayanan Vasudevan
Published: January 2022

Optics concepts are fundamental to optometry. Currently, there is no published data on the status of conceptual optics among Indian optometrists. The results indicate the need for optics continuing education throughout their career.
The Magic of Stonehenge or How to Predict Solar and Lunar Eclipses
Authors: Wiegert Jana , Rohrer Stefanie , Landmann Simon , Rother Philipp , Wittmann Lukas , Curticapean Dan
Published: January 2022

In this paper, the authors present a self-developed app that features the Stonehenge algorithm for predicting lunar and solar eclipses. Furthermore, the app presents useful guidelines for astronomy photography and enhances optics and photonics training.
Publication-driven Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program in optics and photonics in the Philippines using circuit analogue-based research experiments
Authors: Dingel Benjamin B. , Bennett Clint Dominic
Published: January 2022

We summarize a unique publication-driven Research Experience for Undergraduates program in optics/photonics that uses electronic circuit analogue-based research to strengthen students’ engagement in research. At present, we have published 4 journal and conference papers.
Ray Davies, Photonics Academy of Wales @ Bangor : a tribute
Authors: Shore K.A.
Published: January 2022

Ray Davies, Director of the Photonics Academy of Wales @ Bangor died in January 2021. He was 85 and still actively engaged in photonic education. This presentation aims to summarise his pioneering educational activities.
ETOP Retrospective: An Update
Authors: Donnelly Judy , Lakshminarayanan Vasudevan , Magnani Nancy
Published: January 2022

The ETOP meeting is the oldest international conference devoted solely to optics/photonics education. Looking back at the history of the conference can help gain insight into past successes and plan for challenges of the future.
Optics LAB as a base for transdisciplinary knowledge between Art and Science
Authors: Vidal Josep , Cirauqui Manuel , Kourochkina Tatiana , Badia Tere , Escalera Juan Carlos , Rodríguez Carla , van Eeckhout Albert , Campos Juan , Yzuel Maria J. , Lizana Àngel
Published: January 2022

Students from the subject "Optics Laboratory" at the University received visits from different agents from the contemporary art context, creating transdisciplinary relationships between Science and Art through Light, enriching all parties involved.
Defining Sensitivity of Integrated Optical Biosensors: A Multidisciplinary Lesson Approach
Authors: Steglich Patrick
Published: January 2022

Integrated optical biosensors based on ring resonators play a crucial role for future point-of-care-diagnostics. On this subject, a multidisciplinary lesson is designed to provide students an understanding of waveguide sensitivity, device sensitivity and overall sensitivity.
A Python Tool to Control and Virtualize Laser Diodes Characterization Benches
Authors: Hrynkevych Oscar , Bardella Paolo
Published: January 2022

We present a Python tool for the control of the laboratory instruments (thermal electric control, power meter, optical spectrum analyzer) used for the characterization of semiconductor laser sources in the framework of master degree courses available at Politec- nico di Torino. This software can be used to control real benches, acquiring and elaborating the measurement data, but it can also work offline emulating the behavior of instruments and laser sources, thus allowing the students to work in a completely virtualized environ- ment.
Examples of Optics and Astronomy Related Activities for K- 12 Teachers
Authors: Topasna Gregory A. , Topasna Daniela M.
Published: January 2022

We present examples of optics and astronomy related activities and demos presented to K-12 teachers. These are simple, inexpensive, and readily available, developed based on the standards of learning to reinforce concepts in the curriculum.
Virtual training on Biomedical Nanophotonics
Authors: Zapata J. , Darviot C. , Wang L. , Largillière I. , Agiotis L. , Meunier M.
Published: January 2022

To overcome the negative impact of sanitary restriction in education systems due to the pandemic, we have designed and developed a series of virtual laboratories for remote training on biomedical nanophotonics dedicated to graduate students.
A multi-disciplinary project to combine electronic design and photonics
Authors: Perotti Michele , Savio Paolo , Costanzo Giovanni A. , Ferrero Valter , Fiori Franco , Gioannini Mariangela
Published: January 2022

We present a project offered to Master students in Electronics Engineering or Communication and Computer Network integrating electronics and photonics. Teams, with different background knowledge, design independently an optical link following specifications provided by teachers.
Model of Digital Image Sensor for Optics Curriculum: A Mathematical Derivation
Authors: Grebenyuk Konstantin A.
Published: January 2022

The model of digital image sensor is usually introduced without derivation, which makes it inconvenient to include this model in the courses of optics curriculum. In present research, the required mathematical derivation has been performed.
Integrated Testlets in Optics and Photonics: A Novel Assessment Tool and its Online Deployment
Authors: Shiell Rayf C. , Slepkov Aaron D.
Published: January 2022

We describe opportunities for integrated testlets as assessments in optics and photonics courses. This new scaffolded multiple-choice approach adopts an answer-until-correct framework that can test complex understanding through either offline or online delivery.
Demonstrating a modal approach to paraxial light propagation for photonics education
Authors: Moodley Chané , Sroor Hend , Rodríguez-Fajardo Valeria , Zhan Qiwen , Forbes Andrew
Published: January 2022

Propagation using numerical approaches is a textbook standard, yet suffers from lack of physical insight. We outline a novel modal approach to propagation, demon- strating the ease and physical insight necessary for teaching and to facilitate understanding in photonics courses.
Interferometry training through a virtual learning environment
Authors: Rodríguez Carla , Lizana Angel , Escalera Juan Carlos , Vidal Josep , Yzuel Maria J. , Campos Juan
Published: January 2022

We propose the use of an interferometry virtual learning environment as a versatile, interactive and supportive tool for theoretical concepts deep-learning, to complement experimental sessions.
An inquiry approach to learning EM waves and quantum physics with photonics-based Nobel prizes
Authors: Adams Rhys
Published: January 2022

To engage students with EM waves and quantum physics, connecting it to their everyday lives and to promote “photonics awareness,” a five-part, twelve-week group research project on a photonics-based Nobel prize was developed.
Quantum Information Science in the Optics Curriculum
Authors: Saleh Bahaa
Published: January 2022

Optics is an essential backbone of quantum information science (QIS). Infusing QIS in the optics curriculum is much needed, but challenging. We report an approach transitioning from classical matrix optics to qubits and quantum gates.
Light Emission Problem in Classical and Quantum Optics
Authors: Akimov Yuriy
Published: January 2022

Understanding of light emission is a keystone in mastering classical and quantum optics. We review and compare approaches used in these two fields for description of light emission to point out and clarify common misconceptions.
A pilot biophotonics outreach program
Authors: Harper Danielle J. , Eltony Amira M. , Goenka Chhavi , Gregg Abigail , Marks Haley L. , Keshishian Helen , Roussakis Emmanouil , Leung Hui Min , Stalnaker Katherine J. , De Leon Peralta Esmarline , Vasquez Jose A. , Kim Yongjoo , Pooladanda Venkatesh , Yoon Yong-Chul , Namati Jacqueline T. , Hone Caroline , Yu Linhui
Published: January 2022

A virtual outreach program was developed specifically for the field of biophotonics. The program consisted of hands-on activities using kits sent to students in advance, real-time video lab tours and prerecorded video content.
Pre-College Students Learn Cross-Cutting STEM Concepts by Building an Optical Imaging Projector
Authors: Udupa Aditi , Goddard Lynford L.
Published: January 2022

A $2 table-top experiment was devised to introduce optical imaging principles to pre- college students. Using off-the-shelf parts, this project-based learning activity was implemented in many summer camps and schools to teach math and engineering concepts.
Analytical expressions for the clipping of Laguerre– and Hermite–Gauss modes by circular apertures
Authors: Vajente Gabriele
Published: January 2022

We present a closed-form analytical expression that describes the
effect of clipping by circular apertures on laser beams, described in
terms of an expansion in eigenmodes of the paraxial wave equation, in
either the Laguerre–Gauss or Hermite–Gauss bases. This result provides
a faster and more accurate way to compute the coupling between
higher-order modes, compared to commonly used grid-based numerical
integration.
Linear and nonlinear optical properties of AgNPs and AgNPs/graphene composites modulated by localized surface plasmon resonance effect
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Fangfang , Li Luyao , Cao Fenglin , Zhu Baohua , Gu Yuzong
Published: January 2022

The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties of metal particles can be affected by their surrounding media, and the LSPR properties affect the optical properties of metal particles and their composites. However, this indirect influence of the surrounding media on optical properties is often ignored. In this regard, we have synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and AgNPs/graphene composites, and investigated the linear and nonlinear optical properties affected by the LSPR effect that was controlled by the surrounding media of AgNPs. The structure and morphology characterization showed that the size of AgNPs and their distribution on graphene were uniform. The distribution and enhancement of the local field around the AgNPs were studied using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The nonlinear optical properties were measured using the

Z

-scan technique. The results show that as the refractive index of the surrounding modification layer of AgNPs was adjusted from 1.4 to 2.5, the LSPR peak of AgNPs was redshifted more than 30 nm, the linear absorption of AgNPs/graphene was also slightly redshifted. Moreover, when the refractive index was increased to 1.9, the reverse saturation absorption of AgNPs and the saturation absorption of AgNPs/graphene both reached their maximum values, and then decreased. This investigation provides a different way to modulate optical properties of materials for possible applications in photonic devices via the appropriate LSPR effect controlled by the refractive index of the modification layers.
Analytical Modeling of Phase Sensitive Frequency Conversion with a Nonlinear Fiber in a Dual Pump Architecture
Authors: Chatterjee Debanuj , Bouasria Yousra , Goldfarb Fabienne , Bretenaker Fabien
Published: January 2022

CW waves in a nonlinear fiber interact through four-wave-mixing processes. Using such interactions, we predict a phase-sensitive frequency conversion functionality in such a system, with two pumps and an idler launched at the fiber input.
Efficient linewidth compression to the Fourier limit via resonant phonon interaction in diamond
Authors: Granados Eduardo , Granados Camilo , Ahmed Rizwan , Chrysalidis Katerina , Fedosseev Valentin N. , Marsh Bruce A. , Wilkins Shane G.
Published: January 2022

We report on large power spectral density enhancement (~40×) of high power nanosecond lasers via coherent Raman conversion in an Fabry-Pérot diamond resonator. The device produced directly a phase locked, near Fourier-limited Stokes output without the need of cavity length stabilization.
Temporal soliton, self-compression and modulation instabilities in a nonlinear post-compression multi-pass cell
Authors: Carlson Daniel , Tanksalvala Michael , Morrill Drew , Román Julio San , Jarque Enrique Conejero , Hemmer Michaël , Kapteyn Henry , Murnane Margaret
Published: January 2022

We report simulations of nonlinear post-compression in multi-pass cells in the anomalous dispersion regime. By solving the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and mapping the parameter space we uncover regimes of self-compression, temporal soliton and modulation instabilities.
Nonlinear optics of spatiotemporal orbital angular momentum of light
Authors: Liao Chen-Ting , Gui Guan , Brooks Nathan J. , Kapteyn Henry C. , Murnane Margaret M.
Published: January 2022

We experimentally uncovered the conservation of spatiotemporal orbital angular momentum (ST-OAM) of light in a second-harmonic generation process for the first time. We demonstrate that the space-time topological charge of the fundamental ST-OAM field is doubled along with the optical frequency.
Suppression of Nonlinear Caustic Formation in Polarization-Structured Beams
Authors: Black Andy Nicholas , Choudhary Saumya , Boyd Robert W.
Published: January 2022

A self-focusing nonlinearity can generate caustics in beams that would not dis- play rogue intensity peaks under linear propagation. We show that polarization-structured beams are more resistant to developing caustics after nonlinear propagation.
Tightly-confined, long-range hybrid polaritonic modes for high-efficiency nonlinear guided wave interactions in gold and ITO bi-films
Authors: Choudhary Saumya , Iqbal Saleem , Reshef Orad , Karimi Mohammad , Alam M. Zahirul , Boyd Robert W.
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate tightly-confined hybrid-polaritons formed by the strong-coupling of SPP and ENZ modes in gold and indium tin oxide bi-films that can propagate for several microns, and offer a platform for integrating ENZ with waveguides.
Squeezed optical frequency comb in a microresonator
Authors: Jahanbozorgi Mandana , Yang Zijiao , Jeong Dongin , Sun Shuman , Pfister Olivier , Lee Hansuek , Yi Xu
Published: January 2022

Squeezed quantum frequency combs are scalable quantum resources for continuous-variable-based quantum computing. We demonstrate a microresonator-based squeezed frequency comb with maximum raw squeezing of 1.6 dB in a silica microresonator on a silicon chip.
Nonlinear Control of Photonic Higher-order Topological Insulator
Authors: Bongiovanni Domenico , Hu Zhichan , Jukić Dario , Jajtic Ema , Xia Shiqi , Wang Ziteng , Wang Xiangdong , Song Daohong , Morandotti Roberto , Buljan Hrvoje , Chen Zhigang
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate nonlinear control of corner modes in a photonic second-order topological insulator, representing topological bound-states in the continuum which are coupled with edge states at low nonlinearity but driven out of the continuum at high nonlinearity.
Theory of neuromorphic computing by waves
Authors: Marcucci Giulia , Pierangeli Davide , Conti Claudio
Published: January 2022

We study theoretically neural networks embedding a nonlinear wave as a computing reservoir. We demonstrate interpolation of large datasets and Boolean logic. We discuss the existence of a critical nonlinearity for learning.
Seven-octave Ultra-bright Pulse Generation
Authors: Enders Michael T. , Elu Ugaitz , Maidment Luke , Vamos Lenard , Tani Francesco , Novoa David , Frosz Michael H. , Badikov Valeriy , Badikov Dimitrii , Petrov Valentin , Russell Philip St. J. , Biegert Jens
Published: January 2022

We present an ultra-bright carrier-envelope-phase-stable light source spanning seven octaves (340 nm to 40 000 nm) simultaneously by combining soliton self-compression, dispersive wave generation, and intra-pulse difference frequency generation in a newly-developed nonlinear crystal.
Towards Subcycle and Unipolar Light Pulses
Authors: Rosanov Nikolay , Arkhipov Rostislav , Arkhipov Mikhail , Fedorov Sergey
Published: January 2022

We discuss recent advances in unipolar half-cycle pulse having nonzero pulse electric area generation and consider their application for the efficient control of quantum objects. Pulse electric area conservation rule in dissipative systems is demonstrated.
Formation of Highly Localized Light Blades by Optical Parametric Amplification
Authors: Valiulis Gintaras
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate the formation possibilities of femtosecond highly localized few micron stationary beam in one transverse direction and hundreds of microns in perpendicular with the high focal depth via optical parametric amplification (OPA) process.
Second Harmonic Generation Contribution from Spatial Dispersion in Centrosymmetric Materials
Authors: Hardhienata Hendradi , Alejo-Molina Adalberto , Birowosuto Muhammad Danang , Alatas Husin
Published: January 2022

We describe second-harmonic-generation (SHG) contribution from spatial dispersion due to a decaying incoming field i n S i(111) a nd S i(001). Simplified-bond-hyperpolarizability-model shows that their SHG contribution is significant besides surface dipole and bulk quadrupole contributions.
Ultraviolet plasmonic properties of thin Ag-Sb films for optical biosensing application
Authors: Katrova Vesela , Atanasova Anna , Hristova-Vasileva Temenuga , Todorov Rosen
Published: January 2022

The article presents the synthesis of Ag-Sb alloys as thin layers by thermal co-evaporation. On base of their optical properties, an analysis of the potential for application as optical sensors based on surface-enhanced UV fluorescence was performed.
Generation of ps cone-shape laser pulses in visible and UV ranges
Authors: Kuzmin I.V. , Mironov S. Yu , Martyanov M.A. , Poteomkin A.K. , Khazanov E.A.
Published: January 2022

A new scheme of cone-shaped laser pulses generating in visible and UV region is proposed. It is based on second harmonic generation at noncollinear interaction of 3D ellipsoidal and cylindrical laser pulses in nonlinear crystal.
Modeling of Multimode Laser Self-Injection Locking to a Nonlinear Whispering Gallery Mode Microresonator
Authors: Kondratiev N. M. , Galiev R. R. , Lobanov V. E. , Bilenko I. A.
Published: January 2022

We develop a numerical model for the effect of the self-injection locking of a multimode laser diode to a nonlinear whispering gallery mode microresonator. Based on the model the the effect of multifrequency locking is studied.
Dispersive waves in optical fibers with a zero-nonlinearity wavelength
Authors: Sparapani A. , Linale N. , Grosz D. F. , Bonetti J. , Fierens P. I. , Hernandez S. M.
Published: January 2022

We present results on dispersive waves radiated by solitons in the context of fibers with arbitrary frequency-dependent nonlinearities. In particular, we focus on the effect of a zero-nonlinearity wavelength within the spectral region of interest.
Polarization Conversion of Solitons Propagating in Birefringent Microstructured Optical Fibers
Authors: Stefanská Karolina , Majchrowska Sylwia , Gemza Karolina , Martynkien Tadeusz , Mergo Paweł , Tarnowski Karol L.
Published: January 2022

We investigate polarization conversion between two linearly polarized soli- tons in microstructured birefringent optical fibers. The soliton polarized along the fast axis transfers energy to the orthogonal polarization. The two components have matched group velocities.
High harmonic generation anisotropy from a monolayer MoS2
Authors: Hollinger Richard , Yue Lun , Uzundal Can B. , Gan Ziyang , George Antony , Spielmann Christian , Kartashov Daniil , Turchanin Andrey , Qiu Diana Y. , Gaarde Mette B. , Zuerch Michael
Published: January 2022

High harmonic generation (HHG) versus the crystal orientation of a monolayer MoS2 is investigated experimentally. It is found that the laser wavelength and the multiband electronic structure plays an important role in HHG process.
Nanophotonic integrated circuits with 1% single-photon nonlinearity
Authors: Zhao Mengdi , Fang Kejie
Published: January 2022

We realize nanophotonic integrated circuits in thin-film InGaP with a record- high second-order optical nonlinearity over 1%, measured by the ratio between single- photon coupling rate (g/2π = 8.3 MHz) and intrinsic cavity photon loss rate.
Timing jitter characterization of free-running dual-comb laser with sub-attosecond resolution using optical heterodyne detection
Authors: Camenzind S. L. , Koenen D. , Willenberg B. , Pupeikis J. , Phillips C. R. , Keller U.
Published: January 2022

Pulse trains emitted from dual-comb systems are designed to have low relative timing jitter, making them useful for many optical measurement techniques such as optical ranging and spectroscopy. However, the characterization of low-jitter dual-comb systems is challenging because it requires measurement techniques with high sensitivity. Motivated by this challenge, we developed a technique based on an optical heterodyne detection approach for measuring the relative timing jitter of two pulse trains. The method is suitable for dual-comb systems with essentially any repetition rate difference. Furthermore, the proposed approach allows for continuous and precise tracking of the sampling rate. To demonstrate the technique, we perform a detailed characterization of a single-mode-diode pumped Yb:CaF2 dual-comb laser from a free-running polarization-multiplexed cavity. This new laser produces 115-fs pulses at 160 MHz repetition rate, with 130 mW of average power in each comb. The detection noise floor for the relative timing jitter between the two pulse trains reaches 8.0 × 10−7 fs2/Hz (∼ 896 zs/

Hz

), and the relative root mean square (rms) timing jitter is 13 fs when integrating from 100 Hz to 1 MHz. This performance indicates that the demonstrated laser is highly compatible with practical dual-comb spectroscopy, ranging, and sampling applications. Furthermore, our results show that the relative timing noise measurement technique can characterize dual-comb systems operating in free-running mode or with finite repetition rate differences while providing a sub-attosecond resolution, which was not feasible with any other approach before.
High-power near-infrared QEPAS sensor for ppb-level acetylene detection using a 28 kHz quartz tuning fork and 10 W EDFA
Authors: Yang Zhifei , Lin Haoyang , Montano Baiyang Antonio Zhou , Zhu Wenguo , Zhong Yongchun , Yuan Bin , Yu Jianhui , Kan Ruifeng , Shao Min , Zheng Huadan
Published: January 2022

A high-power near-infrared (NIR) quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) sensor for part per billion (ppb) level acetylene (C2H2) detection was reported. A 1536 nm distributed feedback (DFB) diode laser was used as the excitation light source. Cooperated with the laser, a C-band 10 W erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) was employed to boost the optical excitation power to improve QEPAS detection sensitivity. A pilot line manufactured quartz tuning fork (QTF) with a resonance frequency of 28 kHz was used as the photoacoustic transducer. In the case of high excitation power, gas flow effect and temperature effect were found and studied. Benefitting from the low QTF resonance frequency, high excitation power, and vibrational-translational (V-T) relaxation promoter, a detection limit of ∼7 ppb was achieved for C2H2 detection, corresponding to a normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient of 4.4×10−8 cm−1 · W · Hz−1/2.
Polarization-independent optical spatial differentiation with a doubly-resonant one-dimensional guided-mode grating
Authors: Darki Ali Akbar , Peder Madsen Søren , Dantan Aurélien
Published: January 2022

We report on the design and experimental characterization of a suspended silicon nitride subwavelength grating possessing a polarization-independent guided-mode resonance at oblique incidence. At this resonant wavelength we observe that the transverse intensity profile of the transmitted beam is consistent with a first-order spatial differentiation of the incident beam profile in the direction of the grating periodicity, regardless of the incident light polarization. These observations are corroborated by full numerical simulations. The simple one-dimensional and symmetric design, combined with the thinness and excellent mechanical properties of these essentially loss-free dieletric films, is attractive for applications in optical processing, sensing and optomechanics.
Generation of a focused optical vortex beam using a liquid crystal spiral zone plate
Authors: Tsukamoto Yuji , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Ozaki Masanori
Published: January 2022

Optical vortices (OVs) with orbital angular momenta show promise for various optical applications. Spiral zone plates (SZPs) can generate a focused OV and are thus used in applications like edge-enhanced imaging. However, conventional SZPs have low diffraction efficiency because they operate based on amplitude modulation. This study proposes a liquid crystal spiral zone plate (LCSZP) that operates based on phase modulation and demonstrates the generation of a focused OV with high efficiency and electric tunability. The LCSZP has no threshold voltage owing to its homeotropic/planar hybrid alignment regions, and it can find applications in imaging, laser processing, and optical manipulation.
Ge2Sb2Se4Te1-based spin-decoupled metasurface for multidimensional and switchable focusing in the mid-infrared regime
Authors: Xu Junwei , Tian Ximin , Li Zhi-Yuan , Xu Kun , Ding Pei , Yu Zhanjun , Du Yinxiao
Published: January 2022

Metalens is an ultrathin flat optical device with a great potential for applications in spin-controlled nanophotonics. However, most advanced metalenses typically work at a single wavelength or one specific spin state of incident light, hindering their applications in practice. In the present work, we report three distinct spin-dependent metalenses based on the novel phase-change material of Ge2Sb2Se4Te1 (GSST), enabling multidimensional splitting and switchable manipulation capabilities. Such schemes are successfully realized due to synergizing propagation phase and specific PB phase together with deliberately selecting several anisotropic GSST nanofins that behave as half-wave plates for their constituent elements. In particular, the transverse spin-dependent splitting metalens (TSSM) is demonstrated to enable the left-circularly polarized (LCP) and right-circularly polarized (RCP) incidence to focus at opposite transverse offsets within a broadband width from 3750 to 4600 nm (20.2% of the bandwidth). The longitudinal spin-dependent splitting metalens (LSSM) realizes the longitudinal spin-dependent splitting performance along z-axis upon RCP and LCP incidence in a considerable bandwidth (from 3900 to 4900 nm, 23.8% of the bandwidth). While for the hybrid design, it is implemented to obtain transverse and longitudinal spin-dependent splitting simultaneously for LCP and RCP light. It should be emphasized that all of the proposed metalenses are proved to ensure continuous tunability and the switching of “ON” and “OFF” states in terms of focusing and splitting features upon λ0= 4200 nm by gradually converting Ge2Sb2Se4Te1 from the amorphous to crystalline state. Our results lay a solid basis for versatile potential applications such as optical imaging and communications, optical sensors, machine vision and so forth.
Polarization-independent reflective-type KTN beam deflector with a single KTN crystal
Authors: Lee Yun Goo , Jr Annan Shang , Zhang Wei , Liu Ruijia , Yin Shizhuo , Frantz Jesse
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we present a compact size polarization-independent reflection-type potassium tantalate niobate (KTN) beam deflector, including (1) a single KTN crystal, (2) a quarter-wave plate, and (3) a retroreflector. Unlike the previously reported two KTN crystal based transmission-type polarization-independent deflector, our proposed deflector offers the advantage of compact size because only a single KTN crystal is needed. Furthermore, the reflection architecture allows more surfaces of the deflector to be cooled, enhancing the laser power handling capability and the deflection speed of continuous scanning. The experimental results were consistent with the theoretical model. Our proposed beam deflector can be beneficial for a variety of applications such as high speed, high resolution 2D/3D scanning, printings, and displays.
Re-engineering of optical constants and layer thicknesses from in situ broadband monitoring: an oscillator model approach
Authors: Stenzel Olaf , Wilbrandt Steffen , Harhausen Jens , Foest Rüdiger
Published: January 2022

We present and discuss an in situ optical characterization methodology for calculating individual film thicknesses and optical constants of a multilayer coating. The method is applied to the plasma-ion assisted evaporation of a titania-silica five-layer stack making use of in situ transmittance measurements. In order to guarantee the Kramers-Kronig consistency of the optical constants, a simplified Lorentzian oscillator model has been applied for describing the dispersion of optical constants. Accompanying measurements of the vacuum-air shift of the coatings verify the porosity of the obtained coatings. We emphasize the significance of the application of this characterization technique in order to obtain reliable information from repeatability experiments, necessary to quantify stochastic deposition errors.
Impact on WDM Networks When Carrier Baud Rate Grows
Authors: Zami Thierry
Published: January 2022

This study investigates how the constant growth of optical channel symbol rate impacts the ultimate total throughput in WDM transparent backbone networks, showing what is optimal for point-to-point systems might be suboptimal for meshed networks.
How to Create a Simple Control Mechanism with Low Latency for Intra Data Center Optical Switching Networks
Authors: Sato Ken-ichi
Published: January 2022

Implementing optical circuit switching in intra data centers demands latencies superior to those of conventional electrical packet networks. A single-tier large port count optical switch with parallelism is shown to achieve desired latencies.
Cross Phase Modulation in a SOI Waveguide for Programmable Optical Frequency Comb Generation
Authors: Shu Chester , Zhang Yuanfei , Zhang Honghui
Published: January 2022

Using modulation-assisted temporal Talbot processing followed by cross-phase modulation in a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide, we multiply the repetition rate of a 10-GHz optical pulse train and generate widely spaced optical frequency combs with programmable spacing.
Memristor Photonics
Authors: Tossoun Bassem , Sheng Xia , Strachan John Paul , Liang Di , Beausoleil Raymond G.
Published: January 2022

We present memristors heterogeneously integrated on a silicon photonics plat- form. Memristor microring modulators and lasers integrated on silicon have been demon- strated and can be integrated together to create photonic neuromorphic circuits and opto-electronic memory modules.