bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Replacement name for Tetradium Dana, 1846
Authors: Steele-Petrovich H. Miriam
Published: July 2011

It was shown recently that Tetradium Dana, 1846 (type species: Tetradium fibratum Safford, 1856), a common Middle and Upper Ordovician fossil, is a calcareous filamentous florideophyte alga (Phylum Rhodophyta) (Steele-Petrovich, 2009a, 2009b), and not a tabulate coral or a chaetetid sponge, as traditionally classified. Reassigning Tetradium Dana from an animal to an alga subjects it to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) (McNeill et al., 2006), which makes it a later homonym of Tetradium Loureiro, 1790 (see Farr et al., 1979), a Recent tree of the citrus family (Rutaceae). According to the ICBN (Articles 14, 53.1, 54.1), the name Tetradium Dana cannot be conserved and must be replaced, since Tetradium Loureiro is currently in use.
First report of a larval shell repair scar on a lingulate brachiopod: evidence of durophagous predation in the Cambrian pelagic realm?
Authors: Freeman Rebecca L. , Miller James F.
Published: July 2011

A dorsal valve of an Upper Cambrian lingulate brachiopod exhibits a repair scar on the anterior lateral edge of its larval shell. This species is characterized by an abrupt change in ornamentation from larval to postlarval growth. Shell material secreted in the injured area after the damage occurred exhibits ornamentation that is characteristic of postlarval growth, although equivalent growth exhibits characteristics of the larval stage. A break in the edge of the shell is visible, and the growth lines of the larval and postlarval shell were distorted until the broken area was filled in. Damage to the surface of the shell is interpreted to have been caused by the same event. Modern lingulate brachiopod larvae are planktotrophic and are interpreted to have been so throughout their long geologic history. Therefore, an environmental cause of shell damage seems unlikely and the injuries are interpreted to have been caused by an unknown durophagous predator. This specimen offers evidence that lingulate brachiopod larvae were able to survive shell breakage and repair their shells.
New Devonian microconchids (Tentaculita) from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland
Authors: Zatoń Michał , Krawczyński Wojciech
Published: July 2011

Tentaculitoid microconchid tubeworms from Devonian (uppermost Emsian-upper Givetian) deposits of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, include three new species from stratigraphically well-constrained lithological units:Polonoconchus skalensisn. gen. n. sp.,Palaeoconchus sanctacrucensisn. sp. andMicroconchus vinnin. sp. The microconchids inhabited fully marine environments during transgressive pulses, as is evidenced from facies and associated fossils.Polonoconchus skalensisn. gen. n. sp. andPalaeoconchus sanctacrucensisn. sp. inhabited secondary firm- to hard-substrates in deeper-water, soft-bottom environments. They developed planispiral, completely substrate-cemented tubes and planispiral tubes with elevated apertures, which is indicative of environments where sedimentation rate is low but competition for space (by overgrowth) may be high.Microconchus vinnin. sp., on the other hand, developed a helically coiled distal portion of the tube as a response to a high sedimentation rate. As the taxonomic composition of Devonian microconchids is poorly recognized at both regional and global scales, this new material contributes significantly to our understanding of the diversity of these extinct tube-dwelling encrusters.
Preventive Control of Breast and Cervical Cancer in Immigrant and Native Women in Spain: The Role of Country of Origin and Social Class
Authors: Pons-Vigués Mariona , Puigpinós-Riera Rosa , Rodríguez-Sanz Maica , Serral Gemma , Palència Laia , Borrell Carme
Published: July 2011

The study describes the periodic use of cervical and breast cancer screening by women residing in Spain, according to their country of origin, and analyzes whether the observed associations are modified by social class. A cross-sectional design was used, with the study population consisting of women residing in Spain in 2006, ages 25–65 years (N = 10,093) and 40–69 years (N = 6,674) in the cervical and breast cancer screening groups, respectively. The information source was Spain's National Health Survey of 2006. The dependent variables were: undergoing periodic cervical cancer screening (every 5 years or less) and breast cancer screening (every 2 years or less). The independent variables were: country of origin, social class, health care coverage, cohabitation, and age. A descriptive analysis was carried out, and robust Poisson regression models were fitted. Women from low-income countries underwent fewer periodic screening exams for cervical cancer and breast cancer. Independent of country of origin, women from the manual classes underwent fewer screening exams than those from the non-manual classes. In the 50–69 years age group, it was mainly women from the manual classes from low-income countries who underwent fewer periodic mammograms. Having only public health care coverage and not cohabiting with a partner were also associated with lower prevalences of use.
The Impact of Neoliberal “Political Attack” on Health: The Case of the “Scottish Effect”
Authors: Collins Chik , McCartney Gerry
Published: July 2011

The health impact of neoliberal “shock treatment” has been explored in relation to the former USSR, but much remains to be done to ascertain its impact elsewhere. The authors consider the “Scottish Effect” in health—the unexplained excess mortality in Scotland, compared with the rest of Britain, after accounting for deprivation. A prevalent but as yet untested view is that this effect is linked to the neoliberal “political attack” against the organized working class, implemented by the post-1979 U.K. Conservative governments. The article begins to develop and test this view in the form of a “political attack hypothesis.” It shows how the west of Scotland became a particular target for the political attack planned by the U.K. Conservative Party prior to its election in 1979; outlines how such an attack might affect health; and shows that after 1979 the United Kingdom as a whole was exposed to neoliberalism in a way other European nations were not and, crucially, that the west of Scotland was more vulnerable to its damaging effects than other U.K. regions. The authors conclude that it is now appropriate to explore more fully the role of neoliberal political attack in creating the “Scottish Effect” in health.
Commercial Influence and Global Nongovernmental Public Action in Health and Pharmaceutical Policies
Authors: Koivusalo Meri , MacKintosh Maureen
Published: July 2011

Nongovernmental public action has been effective in influencing global agenda-setting in health and pharmaceutical policies, yet its record in influencing solutions to the problems identified has been notably more limited. While trade policies have been particularly resistant to change, more substantial changes are observable in global health policies and global health governance. However, some of the directions of change may not be conducive to the democratic accountability of global health governance, to the wise use of public resources, to health systems development, or to longer-term access to health care within developing countries. The authors argue that observed changes in global health policies can be understood as accommodating to corporate concerns and priorities. Furthermore, the changing global context and the commercialization of global public action itself pose sharp challenges to the exercise of influence by global nongovernmental public actors. Nongovernmental organizations not only face a major challenge in terms of the imbalance in power and resources between themselves and corporate interest groups when seeking to influence policymaking; they also face the problem of corporate influence on public action itself.
From (before) Bhopal to (after) BP: Trade Secrets and the Right to Know
Authors: Levenstein Charles , Tuminaro Dom
Published: July 2011

This paper discuses the tensions between, on the one hand, workers' and communities' right to know about occupational and environmental hazards, and on the other hand, trade secrets and the rights of their corporate owners. We first discuss the role of trade secrets in economic development in the context of the benefits claimed for free markets. We then describe the ongoing struggles of workers and communities in the United States for access to information about hazards. The third section of the paper is a discussion of the reformulation of labor and occupational health and safety regulation as matters of human rights, again focusing on the situation in the United States. The final section is a discussion of the implications of the human rights approach for the occupational and environmental health practitioner. Although the paper focuses primarily on the U.S. experience, we believe that the lessons learned may be broadly applicable.
Wages, Wage Violations, and Pesticide Safety Experienced by Migrant Farmworkers in North Carolina
Authors: Robinson Erin , Nguyen Ha T. , Isom Scott , Quandt Sara A. , Grzywacz Joseph G. , Chen Haiying , Arcury Thomas A.
Published: July 2011

Farmworkers have the potential to receive wages that fail to meet minimum wage standards. This analysis describes wages and minimum wage violations among farmworkers, and it determines associations of wage violations with personal characteristics and pesticide safety regulation violations. Data are from a cross-sectional survey of 300 eastern North Carolina farmworkers conducted in June through August, 2009. Most farmworkers (90.0%) were paid by the hour, but 11.7 percent received piece-rate pay. Wage violations were prevalent among farmworkers: 18.3 percent of all farmworkers, 45.3 percent of farmworkers without H-2A visas, and 3.6 percent of farmworkers with H-2A visas experienced wage violations.
Opportunities and Challenges of Incorporating Climate Change Threats into Disaster Risk Management Planning: A Case Study in Costa Rica
Authors: Hori Tsuneki , Shaw Rajib
Published: July 2011

Disaster losses due to climate and weather related events are increasing worldwide. Risk associated with climate and weather related events will be exacerbated by climate change in the coming decades. The high frequency of climate and weather related disasters intensifies vulnerability in developing countries. Costa Rica has recently approved the national policy instruments (Act 8488, PNGR 2010–2015, and ENCC) and incorporated the context of climate change threats into DRM planning. This paper discusses challenges and opportunities for incorporating climate change threats into DRM planning at the national level. A “checklist,” developed by the authorities of Latin American and Caribbean countries, is applied as a case study in Costa Rica. Results of the study indicate that the national policy instruments did provide an opportunity for incorporating climate change threats into DRM planning, especially within the context of risk identification, monitoring, and evaluation. However, several gaps are also identified when doing so in practice.
Climate Disaster Resilience of Dhaka City Corporation: An Empirical Assessment at Zone Level
Authors: Parvin Gulsan Ara , Shaw Rajib
Published: July 2011

Along with the threat of climate change and its related hazards, rapid urban growth is leading to unplanned urbanization, high population density and environmental degradation of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Already the severity of climate‐related hazards, especially flooding, is increasing. It is predicted that among the coastal mega‐cities Dhaka would be the most vulnerable to climate change. This research measures the existing level of climate disaster resilience of Dhaka City Corporation by assessing the problems and potentialities in different sectors. The Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI) was calculated for 10 different zones of Dhaka City Corporation. CDRI analysis comprises five different dimensions (physical, social, economic, institutional and natural), 25 parameters and 125 variables (development issues). Findings show that besides location, the utility services, accessibility to roads, housing and land‐use, health, social capital and environmental conditions are each playing a role in determining the resilience level of different zones. It is interesting to note that the planned residential areas have relatively higher levels of climate disaster resilience, while old parts of the city and densely populated low income areas have lower levels of resilience. Dhaka, being the primate city of the country, continuously faces numerous challenges and opportunities. It is expected that by utilizing CDRI results in policy formulation and development planning, these challenges could be minimized and opportunities enhanced, leading to a more resilient city in the future.
Assumptions Can Kill
Authors: Canton Lucien G.
Published: July 2011

Using a recent incident in Alameda, California as a case study, the author examines the role of assumptions in emergency planning and outcomes.
Study of privacy-preserving framework for cloud storage
Authors: Ruwei Huang , Xiaolin Gui , Si Yu , Wei Zhuang
Published: July 2011

In order to implement privacy-preserving, efficient and secure data storage
and access environment of cloud storage, the following problems must be
considered: data index structure, generation and management of keys, data
retrieval, treatments of change of users? access right and dynamic operations
on data, and interactions among participants. To solve those problems, the
interactive protocol among participants is introduced, an extirpation-based
key derivation algorithm (EKDA) is designed to manage the keys, a double
hashed and weighted Bloom Filter (DWBF) is proposed to retrieve the encrypted
keywords, which are combined with lazy revocation, multi-tree structure,
asymmetric and symmetric encryptions, which form a privacypreserving,
efficient and secure framework for cloud storage. The experiment and security
analysis show that EKDA can reduce the communication and storage overheads
efficiently, DWBF supports ciphertext retrieval and can reduce communication,
storage and computation overhead as well, and the proposed framework is
privacy preserving while supporting data access efficiently.
Parallel processing on block-based Gauss-Jordan algorithm for desktop grid
Authors: Shang Yizi , Lu Guiming , Shang Ling , Wang Guangqian
Published: July 2011

Two kinds of parallel possibilities exist in the block-based Gauss-Jordan
(BbGJ) algorithm, which are intra-step and inter-steps based parallelism. But
the existing parallel paradigm of BbGJ algorithm just aiming at the
intra-step based parallelism, can?t meet the requirement of dispatching
simultaneously as many tasks as possible to computing nodes of desktop grid
platform exploiting thousands of volunteer computing resources. To overcome
the problem described above, this paper presents a hybrid parallel paradigm
for desktop grid platform, exploiting all the possible parallelizable parts
of the BbGJ algorithm. As well known to us all, volatility is the key issue
of desktop grid platform and faults are unavoidable during the process of
program execution. So the adapted version of block BbGJ algorithm for desktop
grid platform should take the volatility into consideration. To solve the
problem presented above, the paper adopts multi-copy distribution strategy
and multi-queue based task preemption method to ensure the key tasks can be
executed on time, thus ensure the whole tasks can be finished in shorter
period of time.
Data extraction and annotation based on domain-specific ontology evolution for deep web
Authors: Kerui Chen , Zuo Wanli , He Fengling , Chen Yongheng , Wang Ying
Published: July 2011

Deep web respond to a user query result records encoded in HTML files. Data
extraction and data annotation, which are important for many applications,
extracts and annotates the record from the HTML pages. We proposed an
domain-specific ontology based data extraction and annotation technique; we
first construct mini-ontology for specific domain according to information of
query interface and query result pages; then, use constructed mini-ontology
for identifying data areas and mapping data annotations in data extraction;
in order to adapt to new sample set, mini-ontology will evolve dynamically
based on data extraction and data annotation. Experimental results
demonstrate that this method has higher precision and recall in data
extraction and data annotation.
Worst case performance bounds for multimedia flows in QoS-enhanced TNPOSS network
Authors: Xiong Ke , Zhang Yu , Wang Shenghui , Zhang Zhifei , Qiu Zhengding
Published: July 2011

Network performance bounds, including the maximal end-toend (E2E) delay, the
maximal jitter and the maximal buffer backlog amount, are very important for
network QoS control, buffer management and network optimization. QoS-enhanced
To Next-hop Port Sequence Switch (QTNPOSS) is a recently proposed
transmission scheme to achieve scalable fast forwarding for multimedia
applications. However, the existing E2E delay bound of QTNPOSS network is not
tight. To this end, this paper presents a lower E2E delay bound for QTNPOSS
networks by using the network calculus theory, where the inherent properties
(e.g. packet length and peak rate) of the flow are taken into account.
Besides, the buffer size bound and the jitter bound of QTNPOSS network are
also presented. Moreover, by extensive numerical experiments, we discuss the
influences of the Long Range Dependence (LDR) traffic property and the
Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) weight on the proposed network performance
bounds. The results show that the WFQ weight influences the bounds more
greatly than the LRD property.
A two-tiered reliable application layer multicast
Authors: Xinchang Zhang , Yang Meihong , Geng Guanggang , Luo Wanming , Xingfeng Li
Published: July 2011

This paper presents a two-tiered reliable application layer multicast (ALM)
solution, called HRALM, to provide lossless ALM services. HRALM builds a
domain-based multicast tree, and divides the members into two transport
planes (i.e., Plane 1 and Plane 2) in terms of the tree. In any domain, the
distance between each member and the domain header is below a given
threshold, which improves the capability of topology-awareness. According to
the loss detected by members in different planes, HRALM adopts different but
correlated recovery solutions. In HRALM, a member duplicates and forwards the
received recovery packet to each of its children if it has not received the
data unit carried by the recovery packet before receiving the recovery
packet, which can actively recover the loss at the downstream nodes. The
simulation experiments show that HRALM has desirable transport and recovery
performance.
Didactics Textbooks in Germany and the USA: A Comparative Study of Eclecticism, Selection and Integration
Authors: Zierer Klaus
Published: July 2011

This article presents the results of a comparison of didactics textbooks in two countries: on the one hand it examines a textbook in the tradition of German Didaktik, and, on the other hand, a textbook in the tradition of ‘Instructional Design’ from the USA. The main research question is: How do authors write didactics textbooks? Is it possible to gain an understanding from different textbooks about the self-understanding of the academic field of ‘didactics’? In answering these questions, the aim is to draw some conclusions in relation to the structures of the disciplines in these different traditions within the field of educational studies. The results show that authors of textbooks work eclectically. Didactics is also an eclectic discipline. ‘Eclectic’ in this context means that there are two main tasks in the didactical field, selection and integration, and both can only be performed in an inter-disciplinary, historically evolved, culturally specific, argumentative and systematic way.
From a Mouse to an Elephant: Ontario, Canada, Social Studies Teachers and Their Perspectives on United States Policies
Authors: Cashman Timothy G. , McDermott Benjamin R.
Published: July 2011

The key objective of this investigation was to uncover attitudes and pedagogical comparisons of a sampling of secondary social studies teachers in three schools in eastern Ontario, Canada. The researchers sought to gain insight into how historical and current United States (US) policies are addressed in the provincial curriculum. Moreover, teachers were interviewed to reveal how US and Canadian geographical, historic, economic and political issues are discussed in their classrooms. Broader implications for teachers in the United States and Canada are also considered.
Free Choice, Free Schools and the Academisation of Education in England
Authors: Miller Paul
Published: July 2011

The creation of multiple academies and the introduction of free schools across England is a policy-borrowing initiative that has had much debate from various actors in society. Many criticisms have been levelled at the government's plans and many individuals and organisations have called for them not to come on stream, but instead for the strengthening of current provision in the state sector. The government is responsible for providing education, and passing responsibility of this to parents and private interests raises serious questions about the government's motives. Instead of supporting free schools and more academies, this article questions the idea of supporting free schools and more academies and debates the ideas above, whilst calling on the government to strengthen existing provision by committing more resources to schools and by providing better support for teachers.
Greek University: The Road to Marketization
Authors: Georgiadis Nikos M.
Published: July 2011

The purpose of this article is the analysis of higher education policy in Greece during the last decade, which is tied in with the ascendancy of market orientation and the complete restructuring of the university. The formation of this policy and its main axes are studied in the context of the pertinent developments at international and European levels, and its implementation is, therefore, assessed in relation to and comparison with the effects of similar policies in other EU member states. The article shows that, for Greek society, the complete restructuring of the university is a matter of prime importance, while concurrently representing a terrain of social and ideological clashes; and although significant steps in the road to the marketization of the university have already taken place, in conditions that are especially favourable for the forces that promote it, this road seems to be still long and winding.
Constructing Education as Human Capital in a Transitional Society: A Case Study of Somaliland's Education Reconstruction
Authors: Ahmed Hassan , Bradford Simon
Published: July 2011

The purpose of this article is to critically examine Somaliland's post-conflict education reconstruction. The work includes documentary analysis of the Somaliland Education Policy. The authors also draw on the National Teacher Education Policy and the Somaliland National Education Development Plan. The analysis of these documents is primarily informed by discourse analysis theory developed by Fairclough. It is argued that the policy text analyses indicate and favour an enterprise-oriented education ideology. This emphasises competitiveness in market environments both nationally and individually. Educational ideologies are closely related to political ideologies. The authors argue that since the collapse of the socialist government of Somalia in 1990, Somaliland has developed a new political ideology strongly informed by neo-liberal views. This research attributes the development of new education and political ideologies to the significant local-national and global interactions between the local education stakeholders, the Somaliland diaspora community and international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) that support the education sector.
Prevalence and severity of vestibular recession in mandibular incisors after orthodontic treatment
Authors: Vasconcelos Gisela , Kjellsen Kristian , Preus Hans , Vandevska-Radunovic Vaska , Hansen Bjørn Frode
Published: July 2011

Objective:

To assess the prevalence and severity of vestibular gingival recession of mandibular incisors after orthodontic treatment and to evaluate possible contributing factors.

Materials and Methods:

From the record pool of patients who completed orthodontic treatment from 1999–2006 at the Department of Orthodontics, University of Oslo, Norway, 588 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Intraoral color slides were used for the evaluation of gingival recessions (based on Miller classification), presence of visible plaque, and gingival inflammation. Cephalometric radiographs were used to assess the sagittal intermaxillary relation, mandibular and intermaxillary angles, and the position of the lower incisors. A control group was drawn from the same pool of 588 patients. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS.

Results:

The prevalence of gingival recessions after orthodontic treatment was 10.3%. Most (8.6%) were classified as Miller Class I, and 1.7% were classified as Miller Class II. Gingival recession was predominantly found on central incisors. Reduction of the sagittal intermaxillary angle and retroclination of the lower incisors was correlated with the development of a more severe gingival recession.

Conclusions:

The present study indicates that vestibular gingival recession of mandibular incisors after orthodontic treatment is of minor prevalence and severity. The presence of gingival recession or retroclination of the incisors with mesial basal relations increases the risk of more severe gingival recession.
High-Fat Diet–Induced Adipocyte Cell Death Occurs Through a Cyclophilin D Intrinsic Signaling Pathway Independent of Adipose Tissue Inflammation
Authors: Feng Daorong , Tang Yan , Kwon Hyokjoon , Zong Haihong , Hawkins Meredith , Kitsis Richard N. , Pessin Jeffrey E.
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE

Previous studies have demonstrated that mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) develop insulin resistance with proinflammatory macrophage infiltration into white adipose tissue. Concomitantly, adipocytes undergo programmed cell death with the loss of the adipocyte-specific lipid droplet protein perilipin, and the dead/dying adipocytes are surrounded by macrophages that are organized into crown-like structures. This study investigated whether adipocyte cell death provides the driving signal for macrophage inflammation or if inflammation induces adipocyte cell death.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Two knockout mouse models were used: granulocyte/monocyte-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)–null mice that are protected against HFD-induced adipose tissue inflammation and cyclophilin D (CyP-D)–null mice that are protected against adipocyte cell death. Mice were fed for 4–14 weeks with a 60% HFD, and different markers of cell death and inflammation were analyzed.

RESULTS

HFD induced a normal extent of adipocyte cell death in GM-CSF–null mice, despite a marked reduction in adipose tissue inflammation. Similarly, depletion of macrophages by clodronate treatment prevented HFD-induced adipose tissue inflammation without any affect on adipocyte cell death. However, CyP-D deficiency strongly protected adipocytes from HFD-induced cell death, without affecting adipose tissue inflammation.

CONCLUSIONS

These data demonstrate that HFD-induced adipocyte cell death is an intrinsic cellular response that is CyP-D dependent but is independent of macrophage infiltration/activation.
Evaluation and selection of promising soybean lines in diverse environments
Authors: Malek MA , Monshi FI , Rahman L , Hakim MA
Published: July 2011

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of eight selected soybean lines along with two check varieties in respect of maturity period, seed yield and yield contributing characters at five different locations during rabi season of 2007. Except number of seeds per pod, other yield contributing characters, seed yield and maturity period showed significant variations both in individual location and combined over locations. Among the lines and check varieties BAU-S/64 produced the highest number of branches per plant (4.7) while the check variety Sohag produced the lowest (2.8). Bangladesh soybean-4 produced the highest number of pods per plant (61). The seed yield of BAU-S/69 was the highest (2920 kg/ha) followed by BAU-S/64 (2721 kg/ha) while BAU-S/5 produced the lowest seed yield (2049 kg/ha). Among the five locations, the highest mean seed yield of 3167 kg/ha was produced at Chandpur followed by Mymensingh (2790 kg/ha) and Noakhali (2538 kg/ha). The lowest seed yield was recorded at Ishurdi (1363 kg/ha). Keywords: Soybean; Performance; Promising lines; Environments J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(2): 187–190, 2010 DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i2.7922
Soil and foliar application of nitrogen for Boro rice (BRRIdhan 29)
Authors: Alam SS , Moslehuddin AZM , Islam MR , Kamal AM
Published: July 2011

An experiment was conducted at the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during Boro season of 2008 with a view to examining the effect of soil and foliar application of urea on the yield and nutrient uptake of BRRIdhan 29 and to evaluate whether urea foliar application (FA) could replace its soil application (SA) in the rice cultivation. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with eight treatments, each treatment replicated thrice. The treatments were: T1 (control), T2 (282 kg urea ha-1 SA), T3 (1% urea solution FA), T4 (2% urea solution FA), T5 (3% urea solution FA), T6 (94 kg urea ha-1 SA + 1% urea solution FA), T7 (94 kg urea ha-1 SA + 2% urea solution FA) and T8 (94 kg urea ha-1 SA + 3% urea solution FA). The results showed that soil and foliar application of nitrogen significantly influenced the growth and yield of crop. The treatment T2 (282 kg urea ha-1) produced the highest grain yield (5.34 t ha-1). The T6 (94 kg urea ha-1 + 1% urea solution FA) produced the highest straw yield (6.58 t ha-1) of the crop. The lowest grain yield (3.20 t ha-1) and the lowest straw yield (4.19 t ha-1) were recorded with T1 (control). Economic analysis showed that treatment T2 gave the highest marginal benefit cost ratio (7.65) while the lowest value (2.71) was observed with T5 treatment. The overall results demonstrated that soil application of 282 kg urea ha-1 was the best treatment for obtaining higher grain yield, higher nitrogen content of rice and higher marginal benefit cost ratio, and soil application is better than foliar application of urea. Keywords: Urea, Nitrogen; Foliar application; Soil application DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i2.7925 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(2): 199-202, 2010
Contribution of tidal submergence to phosphorus nutrition and yield of rice
Authors: Haque MA
Published: July 2011

Two pot and two field experiments were conducted at Patuakhali Science and Technology University research farm to investigate the contribution of tidal submergence to phosphorus nutrition and yield of rice. Pot and field experiments were conducted in the Aus and Aman seasons of 2009, respectively. The factorial experiments include two levels of water source- i) tidal water and ii) ground water, and three levels of fertilizers- i) absolute control (no fertilizer), ii) NK (P omission) and iii) NPK (P addition). The rice varieties used were BRRI dhan27 (HYV) and Local Mala (Traditional variety) in Aus season and BR23 (HYV) and Lalmota (Traditional variety) in Aman season. A general increase in growth, yield and yield contributing parameters were found due to irrigation with tidal water. Tidal water contributed about 21 (BR23) and 7 (Lalmota) % higher grain yield in Aman season 2009 and about 2 g biomass yield per pot (both BRRI dhan27 and Local Mala) in Aus season of 2009 compared to ground water. Phosphorus content of rice grain and straw was always higher when plants are irrigated with tidal water. In general tidal submergence increases P uptake of rice. Phosphorus uptake from tidal water treatments increased when plants were supplied with N and K fertilizer. Tidal submergence contributed about 5-6 kg P/ha in P omission plot, and about 12-14 kg P/ha in plots with added P.  Keywords: Phosphorus; Rice; Tidal submergence DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i2.7927 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(2): 207-212 2010
Comparative study on growth and yield performance of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) on different substrates
Authors: Mondal SR , Rehana J , Noman MS , Adhikary SK
Published: July 2011

Experiment was carried out in the mushroom cultivation laboratory, Horticulture Center, Khairtala, Jessore to evaluate the better performance of oyster mushroom Pleurotus florida in different substrate compositions as well as to find out the better substrate for mushroom cultivation. Highest mycelium running rate was found in banana leaves and rice straw (1:1) but the lowest in control. Completion of mycelium running time was lowest in banana leaves and rice straw (1:3 and 3:1). Number of total primordia and effective primordia, found highest in control but the maximum pileus thickness was measured from rice straw. Highest biological yield and economic yield (164.4 g and 151.1 g) was obtained from rice straw which was much higher than control. From the graphical view, both positive and negative relationships were found between economic yield and different yield contributing attributes. Keywords: Banana leaves; Rice straw; Growth; Yield; Pleurotus florida DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i2.7928 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(2): 213-220, 2010
Leaf litter amendment in forest soil and their effect on the yield quality of red amaranth
Authors: Sarkar UK , Saha BJ , Goswami C , Chowdhury MAH
Published: July 2011

A pot experiment was conducted at the open net house of the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during the period from March to June 2007 using soil collected from the surrounding areas of Gazni sal forest of Jhenaigati upazilla under Sherpur district to study the effect of different forest tree leaf litters on growth, yield, nutrient contents of red amaranth cv. Altapety. Plant height, number of leaves plant-1, dry weight plant-1 and moisture content (%) were significantly influenced by the addition of different forest tree leaf litters and highest values were obtained from the chemical fertilizer treatment which was identical with teak leaf litter in most of the parameters. The lowest values of most of the parameters were obtained from control treatment. Nutrient contents of red amaranth were significantly influenced by the addition of different leaf litters except Mg. The highest and lowest values of most of the nutrient contents and their uptake were recorded from chemical fertilizer and control treatment, respectively. It was also observed that addition of different leaf litters substantially decreased soil acidity and significantly increased the organic matter, total N, available P, exchangeable K, available Ca, Mg contents in the post harvest soil. The performance of these leaf litters with respect to growth, yield, nutrient contents and their uptake by red amaranth and the soil fertility was in the order teak >eucalyptus>acacia>sal. Overall results suggested that leaf litters can be used as an alternative of chemical fertilizer in the surrounding areas of Gazni sal forest for profitable production of leafy vegetables like red amaranth. Keywords: Leaf litter; Red amaranth; Forest soil; Yield quality DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i2.7929 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(2): 221-226, 2010
Impacts of Northwest Fisheries Extension Project (NFEP) on pond fish farming in improving livelihood approach
Authors: Islam MR , Haque MR
Published: July 2011

Investigation was carried out from June to August 2009. A total of 40 fish farmers were selected from northwest two upazila namely Debigonj (n=20) and Boda (n=20) where both men and women were targeted. Focus group discussion (FGD) and cross-check interview were conducted to get an overview on carp farming. From 1991-1995, 1996-2000 and after 2000; 17.5%, 45% and 37.5% of fish farmers started carp farming respectively. Average 77.5% of farmers acquired training from NFEP project while 10% of them from government officials. There were 55% seasonal and 45% perennial ponds with average pond size 0.09 ha. After phase out of NFEP project, 92.5% of fish farmers followed polyculture systems, while only 7.5% of them followed monoculture ones. Farmers did not use any lime, organic and inorganic fertilizers in their ponds before association with NFEP project. They used lime, cow dung, urea and T.S.P during pond preparation at the rate of 247, 2562.68, 46.36 and 27.29 kg.ha-1.y-1 respectively where stocking density at the rate of 10,775 fry.ha-1 after phase out of the project. Feeding was at the rate of 3-5% body weight.fish-1.day-1. Rice bran, wheat bran and mustard oil cake used at the rate of 1920, 220 and 110 kg.ha-1.y-1 respectively by 85% of fish farmers but 15% of them did not used any feed. Before NFEP project, average pond production was 408.55 kg.ha-1 but after phase out the project, fish production was 2,861.08 kg.ha-1. Peak culture and harvesting period lied from April to December and from November to January. Average 92.5% of farmers improved their livelihood through carp farming. Fish farming was affected due to low water depth and drought conditions. Keywords: NFEP; Fish farming parameters; Pond production; Livelihood approach DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i2.7942 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(2): 305-311, 2010
Effects of different types of artificial substrates on nursery production of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) in recirculatory system
Authors: Mamun MAA , Hossain MA , Hossain MS , Ali ML
Published: July 2011

An experiment was conducted for two months in a recirculatory system consisting 12 glass aquaria (size 41× 41 × 46 cm) to evaluate the effects of substrates on the growth and survival of Macribrachium rosenbergii postlarvae (PL). Treatment T1 having no substrate was considered as the control. Treatment T2 contained pieces of hollow PVC pipe, treatment T3 and T4 were provided with high density polyethylene (HDPE) and black nylon netting, respectively. Each treatment had three replicates. PL-15 of M. rosenbergii (mean initial length 1.20 ± 0.02 cm; mean initial weight 27 ± 0.02 mg) were stocked at the rate of 75 PLs (1.25 PL L-1) in each aquarium. At the beginning PLs were fed three times daily at the rate of 20% of their body weight which was reduced to 10% at the start of 2nd month. The ranges of water quality parameters recorded in different treatments were: temperature 26 - 29°C; dissolved oxygen 6.2 - 8.1 mg L-1; pH 6.8 - 8.1 and total ammonia 0.01 - 0.15 mg L-1. The result of the study showed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in final length of PLs between treatments T3 (HDPE netting) and T4 (nylon netting) but these values were significantly higher than those in T1 (control). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in final weight and specific growth rates (SGR) of PLs in treatments T3 and T4 but these values were significantly higher than those in T2 (PVC pipe) and T1 (control). Final weights of PLs were 32.70%, 31.54% and 21.05% higher in treatments T3, T4 and T2 respectively than T1 (without substrate). The FCR values ranged between 1.85 and 1.88. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the survival of PLs which ranged between 80.33 and 83.00%. Result of the study indicated that growth of M. rosenbergii PLs improved in presence of artificial substrates but the artificial substrates did not improved survival. HDPE and nylon netting gave the best results compared to PVC pipes and control treatments in terms of growth and feed efficiency. Therefore, use of HDPE or nylon netting may be recommended as substrate for successful nursing of M. rosenbergii PLs. However, further studies using different substrates should be carried out in nursery ponds to ascertain the usefulness of these substrates for nursing of M. rosenbergii PLs. Keywords: Nursery rearing; Freshwater prawn; Postlarvae; Artificial substrates DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i2.7946 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(2): 333-340, 2010
Technology dissemination and extension services activated by department of fisheries in south west region of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman BMS , Samad MA , Khanom M , Raseduzzaman M
Published: July 2011

The study was conducted in Khulna, Satkhira and Jhenaidah districts under Khulna division. The purpose was to know the training of fishery officers, fish and shrimp farmers in aqua farming. The main dissemination processes are training of farmers, farm demonstration, farmer to farmer visits, leaflets and pamphlets, audiovisuals etc. In Khulna district dissemination and extension services are application of government rules and regulations, strategic management, pond/shrimp farm visit, public awareness, training facilities, financial and other supports and some research projects also applied, training program, the number of trained fish farmers and trained shrimp farmers in 2009 were 790 and 5,754 respectively. In Satkhira district, different extension programs are applied, such as shrimp demonstration, fish sanctuary, pond/shrimp farm visit, training program, the number of trained Fish farmers and trained shrimp farmers in 2009 were 934 and 2110 respectively and community based fisheries management and some research projects. In Jhenaidah district DoF activities are training, in sadar upazila number of trained fisherman 34, baor management, identify floodplain and other involved communities, awareness campaign, frame survey, arrangement of fund, credit facilities, training program, production monitoring, identification of disadvantaged groups and pollution, disease diagnostic and its control. Keywords: Training farmers; Extension; Visits; Demonstration DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i2.7947 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(2): 341-346, 2010
Isolation and Characterization of Microsatellite Loci in the Chinese Cobra Naja atra (Elapidae)
Authors: Lin Long-Hui , Mao Lu-Xi , Luo Xia , Qu Yan-Fu , Ji Xiang
Published: July 2011

We characterize thirteen polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated from Naja atra genomic libraries, which were enriched for AC-motif microsatellites. The thirteen loci were screened on a group of 48 individuals from two populations, one in Yong’an and the other in Ganzhou. These markers revealed a relatively high degree of genetic diversity (4–12 alleles per locus) and heterozygosity (Ho ranged from 0.213–0.854 and He ranged from 0.301–0.838). Tests for departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and for linkage disequilibrium were conducted for each of the two populations separately. After sequential Bonferroni correction, none of the 13 loci showed significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Hierarchical analysis of molecular variance indicated that a small but significant (P < 0.001) proportion (16.0%) of the total variation in the microsatellite DNA data were attributable to differences among populations, indicating geographical structuring and restricted gene flow. It could be attributable to the Wuyi mountains in the area having a sufficiently isolating effect to significantly reduce gene flow. Our microsatellite data also showed a low Nm (1.31) value in the two populations from mainland China. Thus, the Yong’an and Ganzhou populations could be treated as distinct evolutionarily significant units (ESUs). The high level of polymorphism revealed by these microsatellite markers will be useful for the study of gene flow, population structure and evolutionary history of N. atra.
Naturalizing Information
Authors: Salthe Stanley N.
Published: July 2011

Certain definitions of information can be seen to be compatible with each other if their relationships are properly understood as referring to different levels of organization in a subsumptive hierarchy. The resulting hierarchy, with thermodynamics subsuming information theory, and that in turn subsuming semiotics, amounts to a naturalizing of the information concept.
Use of Novel Cardanol-Porphyrin Hybrids and Their TiO2-Based Composites for the Photodegradation of 4-Nitrophenol in Water
Authors: Vasapollo Giuseppe , Mele Giuseppe , Sole Roberta Del , Pio Iolanda , Li Jun , Mazzetto Selma Elaine
Published: July 2011

Cardanol, a well known hazardous byproduct of the cashew industry, has been used as starting material for the synthesis of useful differently substituted “cardanol-based” porphyrins and their zinc(II), copper(II), cobalt(II) and Fe(III) complexes. Novel composites prepared by impregnation of polycrystalline TiO2 powder with an opportune amount of “cardanol-based” porphyrins, which act as sensitizers for the improvement of the photo-catalytic activity of the bare TiO2, have been used in the photodegradation in water of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), which is a toxic and bio-refractory pollutant, dangerous for ecosystems and human health.
Un appello agli schiavi ad Utica e il ruolo della provincia d'Africa negli anni della lotta tra Mario e Silla
Authors: Poma Gabriella
Published: July 2011

L'A. examine les sources qui se rapportent à l'obscur épisode du massacre du préteur CF. Hadrianus à Utique et essaie d'éclaircir le déploiement des forces politiques et économiques dans la province d'Afrique durant la dernière période de la lutte entre les Mariens et L.C. Sylla
Le système de valeurs des Polonais : l'héritage du socialisme ou la version locale du système occidental
Authors: Kacprowicz Grażyna
Published: July 2011

Résumé Les données obtenues dans le cadre de l’enquête SVE, réalisée en 1990, 1999, 2008, ont révélé la diversité des valeurs reconnues par les Européens. Les valeurs partagées par les Polonais sont – en général – plus traditionnelles et matérialistes que celles de citoyens de pays modernes et riches. Néanmoins, les valeurs ont évolué durant les deux dernières décennies. Les changements consistent en érosion des valeurs traditionnelles liées à la famille et au mariage et en sécularisation (une baisse de la proportion des Polonais considérant la religion comme très importante).
L'« âme tigrée » des musiques électroniques. Les imaginaires des jeunes et les courants musicaux
Authors: Petiau Anne
Published: July 2011

Résumé Du rock aux musiques électroniques, les courants musicaux populaires ne cessent de se renouveler. Ce dynamisme provient en partie des jeunes générations, qui animent ces courants par leurs pratiques amateurs, les incarnent dans leur sociabilité quotidienne. En plus de vingt ans d’existence, les musiques électroniques se sont données à voir sous des visages différents, rejouant à l’échelle d’un courant ce dynamisme propre aux courants musicaux. De la house et la techno diffusées dans les raves et les free parties des années 1990 jusqu’aux danses électro et à la Tecktonik des années 2000, ce sont aussi les pratiques culturelles des jeunes, les modèles culturels et les images attractives qui se sont renouvelés, donnant à voir différentes facettes de l’imaginaire contemporain.
La théorie du complot comme un simulacre de sciences sociales ?
Authors: Ho Park Jung , Jin Chun Sang
Published: July 2011

Résumé L’objectif de cet article est de comprendre la puissance de l’imaginaire conspirationniste qui agit sur la sociologie critique. Pour clarifier cette puissance, nous allons, en introduisant les débats autour du travail sociologique de P. Bourdieu, dégager d’abord la raison pour laquelle la sociologie critique et rationnelle est susceptible d’être tombée dans le complotisme. Ensuite, nous allons étudier certaines des conditions sociales qui sont favorables à la production de la théorie du complot. Celle-ci ne s’efface pas dans la société contemporaine prétendue rationnalisée, car l’imaginaire du complot continue d’exercer sa force négative sur la vie sociale. Ce que la théorie du complot nous démontre finalement, c’est un réenchantement négatif du monde.