bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic Analysis of Supply Chain for Offshore Wind Hydrogen Production for Offshore Hydrogen Refueling Stations
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wan Yanming , Dong Yanan , Dong Ruoyi , Yin Xiaoran , Fu Chen , Wang Yue , Li Qingwei , Meng Haoran , Xu Chuanbo
Published: January 2025

In order to solve the problem of large-scale offshore wind power consumption, the development of an offshore wind power hydrogen supply chain has become one of the trends. In this study, 10 feasible options are proposed to investigate the economics of an offshore wind hydrogen supply chain for offshore hydrogen refueling station consumption from three aspects: offshore wind hydrogen production, storage and transportation, and application. The study adopts a levelized cost analysis method to measure the current and future costs of the hydrogen supply chain. It analyses the suitable transport modes for delivering hydrogen to offshore hydrogen refueling stations at different scales and distances, as well as the profitability of offshore hydrogen refueling stations. The study draws the following key conclusions: (1) the current centralised wind power hydrogen production method is economically superior to the distributed method; (2) gas-hydrogen storage and transportation is still the most economical method at the current time, with a cost of CNY 32.14/kg, which decreases to CNY 13.52/kg in 2037, on a par with the cost of coal-based hydrogen production using carbon capture technology; and (3) at the boundaries of an operating load factor of 70% and a selling price of CNY 25/kg, the offshore hydrogen refueling station. The internal rate of return (IRR) is 21%, showing good profitability; (4) In terms of the choice of transport mode for supplying hydrogen to the offshore hydrogen refueling station, gas-hydrogen ships and pipeline transport will mainly be used in the near future, while liquid organic hydrogen carriers and synthetic ammonia ships can be considered in the medium to long term.
Control Parameters of a Wall Heating and Cooling Module with Heat Pipes—An Experimental Study
Authors: Zawada Bernard , Durczak Karolina , Spik Zenon
Published: January 2025

Heat pipes filled with a thermodynamic medium are energy-saving and stable heat exchangers that have been used for years in various fields of science and technology, including building heating and cooling installations. This article presents the results of research on the energy efficiency of wall-mounted concrete heating and cooling modules with heat pipes, which can be a structural element of external and internal walls of buildings for various purposes. A series of measurement tests were performed, which allowed the determination of how the thermal power and control parameters of the module (amplification factor and time constants) change under operating conditions. A first- and second-order inertial model was used to describe the control properties of the module. The measurements were performed in heating and cooling mode for three different values of supply water flow, both when increasing the supply temperature and when decreasing it. Based on the results of the measurements, calculations and analysis, it was found that the thermal power and control parameters of the module change significantly; these changes result from both the design features of the module (the type of thermodynamic medium in the heat pipe and the technical aspects of the execution and assembly of the connections between the collector and the heat pipe) and the operating conditions (the value of the direction of temperature change and the flow of the supply water). It was shown that the supply temperature has a much greater impact on the values of the module’s control parameters than the flow rate of the supply water. The tested module is characterized by slow changes in temperature on its surface (high values of time constants). The time of stabilization of the temperature on the module’s surface, after step forcing, is 8–10 h. This can cause greater fluctuations in the indoor air temperature, lower thermal comfort in the room and lower energy efficiency of the process. These issues can be prevented by using complex algorithms for thermal comfort control, which in turn increase the cost of the control system.
Abnormal Temperature and Rural Energy Poverty: A Threshold Effect Analysis Based on the Urban–Rural Gap and the Quality of Rural Housing
Authors: Sun Xiangdong , Cheng Ziwen , Shi Hongxu , Zhang Jinhao
Published: January 2025

In the context of global warming, abnormal temperature is becoming more frequent and its various impacts are receiving increased attention, but the impact of abnormal temperature on rural energy poverty has received relatively little focus. This study examines the effects of abnormal temperature on rural energy poverty, utilizing the systematic generalized method of moments with data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2001 to 2020. Using a panel threshold model, we investigate how the urban–rural gap and the quality of rural housing interact with the relationship between abnormal temperature and rural energy poverty. Our findings suggest that abnormal temperature significantly increases rural energy poverty by 5.7%, and the impact of abnormal temperature on rural energy poverty is exacerbated by a greater urban–rural gap and lower quality of rural housing. This study yields several policy implications for achieving a coordinated and synergistic response to climate change and the eradication of energy poverty based on the promotion of balanced development.
Typhoon Eye-Induced Misalignment Effects on the Serviceability of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines: Insights Typhoon SOULIK
Authors: Yang Chun-Yu , Tzeng Yu-An , Jhan Yu-Ti , Cheng Chih-Wen , Yang Shun-Han
Published: January 2025

The northern Taiwan Strait, characterized by deep waters and high wind energy density, presents significant potential for developing floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs). However, the region is prone to typhoons, with substantial variations in wind speed and direction during typhoon eye passages, posing challenges to FOWT safety and performance. This study investigates the serviceability of a 10 MW FOWT installed offshore of Hsinchu under typical wind and wave conditions during the eye of Typhoon SOULIK. Wind and wave data were sourced from the ERA5 reanalysis database. Simulations were conducted using OrcaFlex 11.4c, which enables fully coupled dynamic analysis of the entire FOWT system, including the mooring system, platform, tower, turbine, and nacelle, facilitating accurate predictions of system behavior in complex offshore environments. This study evaluated scenarios of maximum wind speed, significant wave height, wind–wave misalignment, and minimum wind speed during typhoon eye passage, considering both idle and power production modes in accordance with IEC TS 61400-3-2 requirements. The results indicate that platform yaw motion exceeds IEC limits during typhoon events, particularly in power production mode. This highlights the need for reducing platform motion. It is recommended to further develop control strategies or implement an active control system for the platform to ensure operational reliability. This research provides critical insights into FOWT design and operational challenges in typhoon-prone regions.
Dubious Promises of Hydrogen Energy in a Climate-Constrained World
Authors: Verbruggen Aviel , Yermekova Gulzhan , Baigarin Kanat
Published: January 2025

Vocal proponents claim that hydrogen will play a crucial role in the low-carbon energy future, a claim critics dismiss. Our approach to clarifying these disputes involves reviewing literature and policy documents, revisiting energy and hydrogen physics, and framing the hydrogen question within the context of failing climate and energy politics and actions aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Clarity about hydrogen’s role begins with knowing its peculiar properties, followed by numerical data on energy conversions and related losses, which reveal intractable hurdles in deploying a hydrogen energy economy. Thus, hydrogen derivatives like ammonia and synthetic hydrocarbon fuels emerge, but they sink the green hydrogen ambitions advertised to the public. Their dubious environmental and financial performance is hidden by substantial subsidies. The announced EU megaproject for producing 11 Mtons of green ammonia at the Caspian Sea in Kazakhstan contrasts with the 20 ktons realized project in Norway. While the Kazakhstani project promises grand results, its practical and financial feasibility is questionable. The Norwegian project shows the reality of green ammonia production. The article concludes that hydrogen’s economic and environmental feasibility remains challenging.
Review of Thermal Management Techniques for Prismatic Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Saber Nasim , Richter Christiaan Petrus , Unnthorsson Runar
Published: January 2025

This review presents a comprehensive analysis of battery thermal management systems (BTMSs) for prismatic lithium-ion cells, focusing on air and liquid cooling, heat pipes, phase change materials (PCMs), and hybrid solutions. Prismatic cells are increasingly favored in electric vehicles and energy storage applications due to their high energy content, efficient space utilization, and improved thermal management capabilities. We evaluate the effectiveness, advantages, and challenges of each thermal management technique, emphasizing their impact on performance, safety, and the lifespan of prismatic Li-ion batteries. The analysis reveals that while traditional air and liquid cooling methods remain widely used, 80% of the 21 real-world BTMS samples mentioned in this review employ liquid cooling. However, emerging technologies such as PCM and hybrid systems offer superior thermal regulation, particularly in high-power applications. However, both PCM and hybrid systems come with significant challenges; PCM systems are limited by their low thermal conductivity and material melting points. While hybrid systems face complexity, cost, and potential reliability concerns due to their multiple components nature. This review underscores the need for continued research into advanced BTMSs to optimize energy efficiency, safety, and longevity for prismatic cells in electric vehicle applications and beyond.
What Is the Relationship Between Forest Footprint and Export of Forest Products? Evidence from Method of Moments Quantile Regression
Authors: Cutcu Ibrahim , Eren Mehmet Vahit , Altiner Ali , Toktas Yilmaz
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the long-run relationship between forest footprint, which shows the amount of forest area needed for pulp, industrial wood, firewood and timber, and forest products as an environmental indicator. Forest footprint, forest product exports, forest product production, forest areas, biomass consumption, and urbanization variables are used in the analyses with annual data for the period 2000–2017 for selected European Union (EU) countries. As a result of the cointegration analyses, there is a long-run relationship between the variables. According to the results of coefficient estimation, it is concluded that forest product exports and urbanization have a decreasing effect on forest ecological footprint, while forest area, forest product production, and biomass consumption have an increasing effect. According to the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR) estimation results, it is concluded that forest product exports have a decreasing effect on forest footprint in all quantiles in the analysis period. The production of forest products is determined as the variable with the highest negative impact on the forest’s ecological footprint. The effect of urbanization is calculated as positive, but it is the variable with the lowest impact together with forest area. Biomass consumption is found to significantly reduce the forest footprint. In view of the aforementioned findings, it is recommended that efforts be made to promote high-value added, sustainable, and environmentally friendly production processes in forest products exports. This is considered to be a key strategy to reducing the ecological footprint of forests.
Effect of Biochar-Based Organic Fertilizers on the Transport and Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Soil and Plants
Authors: Qu Jingbo , Wang Fuxin , Qi Xiaopei , Che Shaolong , Che Yuchen , Li Jiangnan , Wei Zimin
Published: January 2025

Anaerobically digested digestate is mostly used as organic fertilizer, but there is still a potential risk of heavy metal pollution. Biochar and bio-organic fertilizer through passivation can effectively reduce the mobility of heavy metal ions in soil, with the strong adsorption capacity of heavy metals, and are widely used in soil remediation. In this study, digestate as raw material supplemented with biochar was applied to simulated heavy metal-contaminated soil, and its effects on heavy metal content and the transformation of forms in soil and crop systems were systematically investigated. The application of biochar-based organic fertilizer to simulated heavy metal-contaminated soils resulted in large differences in the morphological distribution of heavy metals, which was reflected in a significant decrease in the content of heavy metals in the weakly acid-extractable state and an increase in the content of heavy metals in the residue state, and promoted the transformation of soil heavy metals from the weakly acid-extractable state to the residue state. There were differences in the accumulation of heavy metals in the above ground and below ground parts of cabbage, and Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb were mainly accumulated in the below ground parts of the plants. The present study offers an effective methodology for the remediation of soil and plant contamination by a range of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb), from the weak acid extraction stage to the residue stage. This approach is of particular significance for the advancement of sustainable agriculture and environmental remediation.
Modifications of Constitutive Promoter to Large-Scale Synthesize Porcine Myoglobin in Komagataella phaffii
Authors: Sun Danni , Wang Yunpeng , Zhou Jingwen , Li Jianghua , Chen Jian , Du Guocheng , Zhao Xinrui
Published: January 2025

Myoglobin (MG) is a heme-binding protein and can be used as a color and flavor additive for artificial meat. After the selection of stable constitutive expression, although the synthesis of porcine myoglobin (pMG) was achieved through the application of a modified GAP promoter (G1 promoter) in Komagataella phaffii, the lower titer of pMG cannot meet the requirements of commercial production. Herein, another powerful constitutive promoter (GCW14 promoter) was chosen and modified through randomizing its core region for the first time, leading to an increase of 1.18 to 6.01 times in strength. In addition, under the control of a mutated PGCW14 promoter (PGCWm-121), the titer of pMG was further enhanced by optimizing the integrated copy numbers of the pMG gene and knocking out the Yps1-1 protease. Applying the best engineered strain and suitable fermentation conditions, the highest titer of pMG (547.59 mg/L) was achieved in fed-batch fermentation using a cheap and chemically synthesized medium. Furthermore, the obtained pMG had similar peroxide-specific activity (427.50 U/mg) with the extracted natural product after the food-grade purification. The applied strategy can be utilized to synthesize other high value-added hemoproteins, enriching the applications of functional components in the field of artificial meat.
Utilization of Continuous Anaerobic Digesters for Processing Cattle Dung and Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) Waste
Authors: Nindhia Tjokorda Sari , Bidura I Gusti Nyoman Gde , Sampurna I Putu , Nindhia Tjokorda Gde Tirta
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this work is to explore the addition of cabbage (Brassica oleracea) waste interspersed with cattle dung into a continuous anaerobic digester that normally uses cattle dung as a substrate. In this work, a 200-L continuous anaerobic digester was operated to conduct the research. The digester was filled fully with a mixture of cattle dung and water (50%:50%). The digester was then operated by continuously adding a 5-L mixture of cattle dung and water (50%:50%) every day for 1 month. Subsequently, the digester was operated for 1 month with an additional 5-L mixture of cabbage waste and water (50%:50%) for odd-numbered days and a mixture of cattle dung and water (50%:50%) for even-numbered days. The methane composition was higher (in the range of 41–78%) with only the cattle dung in the system. With the addition of cabbage waste, the methane composition became lower (in the range of 20–60%).
Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid Improves Growth, Physiology, Intestinal Microbiota, and Muscle Development in Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)
Authors: Xu Xiaodi , Zheng Xiaochuan , Song Changyou , Liu Xin , Zhou Qunlan , Sun Cunxin , Wang Aimin , Zhu Aiming , Liu Bo
Published: January 2025

Taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), one of the bile acids, is thought to be involved in the regulation of muscle nutrient metabolism and gut microbial homeostasis. However, the effect of dietary addition of TCDCA on Procambarus clarkii is unclear. Therefore, in this study, an 8-week feeding experiment was conducted to explore the potential regulatory mechanisms of TCDCA on P. clarkii growth, physiology, muscle quality and gut microbes. The results indicated that dietary addition of TCDCA not only improved growth performance (final weight; weight gain; and specific growth rate) but also increased muscle elasticity and protein content. In addition, dietary TCDCA promotes muscle growth and development by increasing myofiber length, which is consistent with the activation of the expression of genes related to protein utilization (TOR and AKT) and muscle proliferation and differentiation (MyHC, MLC1, MEF2A, MEF2B). Importantly, 16s rRNA sequencing demonstrated that dietary TCDCA had no significant effect on gut microbial composition (alpha diversity) but significantly increased microbial abundance at the genus level. Functional prediction analysis of differential microbes revealed that dietary TCDCA may promote metabolism by altering gut microbes, thereby promoting muscle quality. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the dietary addition of TCDCA promotes P. clarkii growth and muscle quality and protein deposition by altering gut microbes.
Effects of Sampling Design on Population Abundance Estimation of Ichthyoplankton in Coastal Waters
Authors: Ma Yihong , Zhang Chongliang , Xue Ying , Ji Yupeng , Ren Yiping , Xu Binduo
Published: January 2025

The abundance, spatial distribution of and dynamic changes in ichthyoplankton species affect the recruitment and fish population dynamics, which are fundamental for stock assessment and fisheries management. An evaluation of alternative sampling designs needs to be carried out to determine the optimal scheme that is cost-effective in collecting high-quality ichthyoplankton data. A simulation study was conducted to evaluate the performances and consistency of six potential sampling designs for an ichthyoplankton survey in the coastal waters of the central and southern Yellow Sea. Relative estimation error (REE) and relative bias (RB) were used to measure the performances in estimating the population abundances of five target ichthyoplankton species in different sampling designs. In general, the two systematic sampling (SYS) designs had high precision and accuracy estimation and remained stable over years for estimating the population abundance of ichthyoplankton species compared with the other four sampling designs. SYS did not result in the overestimation or underestimation of the mean population abundance. Most sampling designs showed relatively high accuracy in abundance estimation when sample sizes were higher than medium levels. This study could improve the performances of sampling designs of ichthyoplankton surveys and provide a reference for the further optimization of sampling designs.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Polish Traditionally and Industrially Smoked Meats as an Element of Monitoring and PAH Reduction Strategies
Authors: Kowalska Jolanta , Stanisławek Monika , Latoch Agnieszka , Marzec Agata , Galus Sabina , Kowalska Hanna , Ciecierska Marta
Published: January 2025

This work aimed to analyze the PAH content in products smoked in traditional smokehouses with direct and indirect heat sources and in an industrial way as an element of PAH content monitoring in Polish market products. This research material comprised 12 smoked meats (W) and 38 sausages (K), medium or coarsely minced. The content of benzo(a)pyrene and the total content of four marker PAHs was determined by GC-MS. The analysis showed a significantly higher level of PAH contamination in products smoked using traditional methods. The results also indicate that the natural casing is not a barrier against PAH contamination during traditional smoking, and a higher degree of meat fragmentation, together with a small cross-section, increases the PAH content in this technological group. Concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene exceeding the permissible levels were found in the sausages smoked for more than 60 min. As part of the strategies for reducing the PAH content, among others, changing the furnace to an indirect one, shortening the time, lowering the smoking temperature, using artificial casings or removing casings before consumption, drying the product surface before the smoking process, using seasoned and bark-free wood, as well as additional smokehouse equipment, are recommended.
Integrating Metagenomic and Culture-Based Techniques to Detect Foodborne Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Malaysian Produce
Authors: Quek Jerrald Jia Weai , Wong Jun Leong , Tan Joon Liang , Yeo Chew Chieng , Saw Seow Hoon
Published: January 2025

Foodborne illnesses pose a significant global health threat, often caused by pathogens like Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella spp. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains further exacerbates food safety challenges. This study combines shotgun metagenomics and culture-based approaches to detect foodborne pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in Malaysian produce and meats from the Kinta Valley region. A total of 27 samples comprising vegetables, meats, and fruits were analyzed. Metagenomics provided comprehensive microbial profiles, revealing diverse bacterial communities with species-level taxonomic resolution. Culture-based methods complemented these findings by identifying viable pathogens. Key foodborne pathogens were detected, with Listeria monocytogenes identified in meats and vegetables and Shigella flexneri detected inconsistently between the methods. ARGs analysis highlighted significant resistance to cephalosporins and penams, particularly in raw chicken and vegetable samples, underscoring the potential public health risks. While deli meats and fruits exhibited a lower antimicrobial resistance prevalence, resistant genes linked to E. coli and Salmonella strains were identified. Discrepancies between the methods suggest the need for integrated approaches to improve the pathogen detection accuracy. This study demonstrates the potential of metagenomics in advancing food safety research and supports its adoption as a complementary tool alongside culture-based methods for comprehensive foodborne pathogen surveillance and ARG profiling in Malaysian food systems.
Untargeted Metabolomics Comparison and Nutrition Evaluation of Geographical Indication Newhall Navel Oranges in China
Authors: Shu Xiao , Xie Manli , Zhang Xuemei , Wang Na , Zhang Wei , Lin Junjie , Yang Junying , Yang Xiaoxia , Li Yingkui
Published: January 2025

The untargeted metabolomics of Newhall navel oranges from three areas in China—Ganzhou, Fengjie, and Zigui—with geographical indication (GI) was measured using LC-MS/MS. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis was performed for sample classification and important metabolite identification. This approach identified the best markers of the geographical origin able to discriminate Fengjie, Ganzhou, and Zigui orange samples. For peeled samples, 2-isopropylmalic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic γ-semialdehyde, D-β-phenylalanine, hesperetin, hydrocinnamic acid, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, and dehydroascorbate were the markers used to discriminate the geographical origin. All these markers were overexpressed in the peeled samples from the Zigui area, followed by the Ganzhou area. As for unpeeled samples, L-glutamic γ-semialdehyde, isovitexin 2′-O-β-D-glucoside, 2-isopropylmalic acid, isovitexin, diosmetin, trans-2-hydroxycinnamate and trans-cinnamate, L-aspartic acid, hydrocinnamic acid, and β-carotene were used to discriminate their origin. The first seven markers in Zigui-planted whole samples showed the highest levels, and the last three markers were richest in Ganzhou-planted samples. According to the variation in the markers for discriminating the origins of the peeled or unpeeled Newhall navel oranges with GI and the highest value of titratable acidity in those from Zigui, the samples planted in Ganzhou have the best balance between taste and nutrition. This work confirms that the approach of untargeted metabolomics combined with OPLS-DA is an effective way for origin tracing and overall quality evaluation.
Stability Analysis of Fractional-Order Nonlinear Alcohol Consumption Model and Numerical Simulation
Authors: Sivashankar Murugesan , Boulaaras Salah , Sabarinathan Sriramulu
Published: January 2025

This study explores the motivational factors behind alcohol consumption and its societal impacts. It identifies key reasons for drinking, such as improving sociability, boosting confidence, coping with challenges, participating in rituals, and seeking detoxification. The study highlights the substantial societal harm caused by the use of alcohol and drugs, with a particular emphasis on the increase in sexual violence, both within and outside families, as a result of impaired behavior. In this work, we present a newly developed mathematical model within the Caputo fractional framework, designed to reflect the lifestyle and behaviors of individuals in the alcohol model. We analyze the existence and uniqueness of solutions using the Lipschitz growth condition and fixed point theory. In addition, we explore equilibrium points, compute basic reproduction numbers, and explore the Hyers–Ulam stability of the alcohol model. Finally, we develop a numerical scheme for computational analysis of the proposed fractional model.
Investigation of the Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Activities of a Novel Kaempferol-Liposome-Loaded Hydrogel for the Treatment of Acute Eczema
Authors: Fang Yuqing , Liu Yong , Cao Keang , Shen Wang , Wang Lu , Sun Bin , Zhang Yongli , Zhang Qin , Xia Hongmei
Published: January 2025

Kaempferol liposome hydrogel is a novel drug carrier designed to solve the problems of the poor water solubility and low bioavailability of kaempferol. By combining kaempferol with liposomes and further forming a hydrogel, this composite formulation not only improves the stability of the drug but also enhances its penetration and therapeutic effect on the skin. It was demonstrated that the liposomal hydrogel of kaempferol had ex vivo and in vivo antioxidant activities, which could effectively inhibit the inflammatory response and oxidative stress and, thus, showed significant efficacy in the treatment of acute eczema. In the acute eczema model, kaempferol liposome hydrogel significantly improved the skin condition of mice by reducing the symptoms of skin redness, swelling, and itching. The experimental results showed that the hydrogel was rapidly absorbed into the skin after application and continued to release the drug to maintain its efficacy for a longer period of time. In addition, the kaempferol liposome hydrogel also showed good physicochemical stability and was not easily discolored or separated, making it suitable for long-term use. As an innovative drug carrier for the treatment of acute eczema, the kaempferol liposome hydrogel shows good application prospects and provides a new treatment option for eczema patients.
Identification and Functional Analysis of Candidate Genes Influencing Citrus Leaf Size Through Transcriptome and Coexpression Network Approaches
Authors: Wu Xiaoxiao , Xiao Yuanhui , Liu Ping , Pang Qiuling , Deng Chongling , Fu Cuina , Fang Haimeng , Chen Chuanwu
Published: January 2025

Background: Leaves are the main organs involved in photosynthesis. They capture light energy and promote gas exchange, and their size and shape affect yield. Identifying the regulatory networks and key genes that control citrus leaf size is essential for increasing citrus crop yield. Methods: In this study, transcriptome sequencing was performed on three leaf materials: the ‘Cuimi’ kumquat (Nor) variety and its leaf variants, larger-leaf (VarB) and smaller-leaf (VarS) varieties. Results: Correlation and principal component analyses revealed a relatively close correlation between Nor and VarS. A total of 7264 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 2374 transcription factors (TFs), were identified, and 254 DEGs were common among the three materials. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed significant enrichment in glucose metabolism, cell wall composition, starch biosynthesis, and photosynthesis pathways. WGCNA identified three specific modules related to the different leaf sizes of these three citrus materials. Fifteen candidate genes related to leaf size, including three transcription factors, Fh5g30470 (MYB), Fh7g07360 (AP2/ERF), and Fh5g02470 (SAP), were identified on the basis of connectivity and functional annotations. Conclusions: These findings provide a theoretical foundation for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying citrus leaf size and offer new genetic resources for the study of citrus leaf size.
Research Progress and Clinical Translation Potential of Coronary Atherosclerosis Diagnostic Markers from a Genomic Perspective
Authors: Liu Hanxiang , Zhang Yuchen , Zhao Yueyan , Li Yuzhen , Zhang Xiaofeng , Bao Lingyu , Yan Rongkai , Yang Yixin , Zhou Huixian , Zhang Jinming , Song Siyuan
Published: January 2025

Objective: Coronary atherosclerosis (CAD) is characterized by arterial intima lipid deposition, chronic inflammation, and fibrous tissue proliferation, leading to arterial wall thickening and lumen narrowing. As the primary cause of coronary heart disease and acute coronary syndrome, CAD significantly impacts global health. Recent genetic studies have demonstrated CAD’s polygenic and multifactorial nature, providing molecular insights for early diagnosis and risk assessment. This review analyzes recent advances in CAD-related genetic markers and evaluates their diagnostic potential, focusing on their applications in diagnosis and risk stratification within precision medicine. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of CAD genomic studies from PubMed and Web of Science databases, analyzing findings from genome-wide association studies (GWASs), gene sequencing, transcriptomics, and epigenomics research. Results: GWASs and sequencing studies have identified key genetic variations associated with CAD, including JCAD/KIAA1462, GUCY1A3, PCSK9, and SORT1, which regulate inflammation, lipid metabolism, and vascular function. Transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses have revealed disease-specific gene expression patterns, DNA methylation signatures, and regulatory non-coding RNAs (miRNAs and lncRNAs), providing new approaches for early detection. Conclusions: While genetic marker research in CAD has advanced significantly, clinical implementation faces challenges including marker dynamics, a lack of standardization, and integration with conventional diagnostics. Future research should prioritize developing standardized guidelines, conducting large-scale prospective studies, and enhancing multi-omics data integration to advance genomic diagnostics in CAD, ultimately improving patient outcomes through precision medicine.
Ecological Trait Differences Are Associated with Gene Expression in the Primary Visual Cortex of Primates
Authors: Zintel Trisha M. , Ely John J. , Raghanti Mary Ann , Hopkins William D. , Hof Patrick R. , Sherwood Chet C. , Kamilar Jason M. , Bauernfeind Amy L. , Babbitt Courtney C.
Published: January 2025

Primate species differ drastically from most other mammals in how they visually perceive their environments, which is particularly important for foraging, predator avoidance, and detection of social cues. Background/Objectives: Although it is well established that primates display diversity in color vision and various ecological specializations, it is not understood how visual system characteristics and ecological adaptations may be associated with gene expression levels within the primary visual cortex (V1). Methods: We performed RNA-Seq on V1 tissue samples from 28 individuals, representing 13 species of primates, including hominoids, cercopithecoids, and platyrrhines. We explored trait-dependent differential expression (DE) by contrasting species with differing visual system phenotypes and ecological traits. Results: Between 4–25% of genes were determined to be differentially expressed in primates that varied in type of color vision (trichromatic or polymorphic di/trichromatic), habitat use (arboreal or terrestrial), group size (large or small), and primary diet (frugivorous, folivorous, or omnivorous). Conclusions: Interestingly, our DE analyses revealed that humans and chimpanzees showed the most marked differences between any two species, even though they are only separated by 6–8 million years of independent evolution. These results show a combination of species-specific and trait-dependent differences in the evolution of gene expression in the primate visual cortex.
Genome-Wide Characterization of 9-Cis-Epoxycarotenoid Dioxygenase Genes in Luffa Identifies LcNCED2 as Being Associated with ABA Levels During Seed Germination
Authors: Fang Pingping , Li Xifeng , Mu Haoxin , Wei Jing , Zhang Ting , Wang Xueyan , Guo Qinwei , Lou Qunfeng
Published: January 2025

Luffa is a genus of tropical and subtropical vines in the Cucurbitaceae family, recognized as an important cultivated commercial vegetable. However, the seeds of the luffa species are considered hard-seeded, and the processes governing seed germination remain understudied. The 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) genes, which are critical for seed germination, have not been well characterized in Luffa. In this study, we identified four LaNCED genes in Luffa acutangula and four LcNCED genes in Luffa cylindrica, distributed across four chromosomes in each species. Phylogenetic analysis classified these genes into two subgroups. Gene structure and motif composition analyses revealed both similarities and differences among the NCEDs. Cis-element analysis further revealed that these NCEDs may be involved in growth regulation by modulating the phytohormonal network and responding to stress stimuli. Expression profiling of LcNCED genes during seed germination showed a decrease in LcNCED2 levels, coinciding with an increase in α-amylase activity throughout the germination process. Subcellular localization assays demonstrated that LcNCED2 is localized in the chloroplast. Furthermore, transient overexpression of LcNCED2 in tobacco leaves led to a significant increase in ABA content. Our findings provide a comprehensive genomic characterization of the NCED family in Luffa cylindrica and Luffa acutangula and reveal the functional role of LcNCED2 in regulating ABA levels, which may play a critical role in seed germination.
Multiparametric Study of Water–Gas Shift and Hydrogen Separation Performance in Membrane Reactors Fed with Biomass-Derived Syngas
Authors: Cerone Nadia , Contuzzi Luca , Zito Giuseppe Domenico , Florio Carmine , Fabbiano Laura , Zimbardi Francesco
Published: January 2025

A multiparametric study was conducted on a hydrogen (H2) production rig designed to process 0.25 Nm3·h−1 of syngas. The rig consists of two Pd-Ag membrane permeator units and two Pd-Ag membrane reactor units for the water–gas shift (WGS) reaction, enabling a detailed and comprehensive analysis of its performance. The aim was to find the optimal conditions to maximize hydrogen production by WGS and its separation in a pure stream by varying the temperature, pressure, and steam-to-CO ratio (S/CO). Two syngas mixtures obtained from an updraft gasifier using different gasification agents (air–steam and oxy–steam) were used to investigate the effect of gas composition. The performance of the rig was investigated under nine combinations of temperature, pressure, and S/CO in the respective ranges of 300–350 °C, 2–8 bar, and 1.1–2 mol·mol−1, as planned with the help of design of experiment (DOE) software. The three parameters positively affected performance, both in terms of capacity to separate a pure stream of H2, reported as moles permeated per unit of surface area and time, and in producing new H2 from WGS, reported as moles of H2 produced per volume of catalyst unit and time. The highest yields were obtained using syngas from oxy–steam gasification, which had the highest H2 concentration and was free of N2.
Aspergillus Contamination in Healthcare Facilities: An Ever-Present Issue—Prevention and Control Measures
Authors: Spagnolo Anna Maria
Published: January 2025

Aspergillus spp. are ubiquitous fungi present in soil, organic debris, water, decaying vegetation and dust produced in renovation and/or building work. Several studies have shown the presence of aspergilli in various healthcare environments. Typically, thousands of fungal spores are inhaled every day, but if spore clearance fails (typically in immunocompromised patients), fungi can grow and invade lung tissue, causing invasive aspergillosis (IA) which is one of the most frequent infections in highly immunocompromised patients. Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common species involved; this species can be attributed to about 80% of the cases of aspergillosis. According to the WHO, Aspergillus fumigatus is one of four critical priority fungi. The first-line treatment of diseases caused by Aspergillus, in particular IA, is based on triazole antimycotics. Unfortunately, resistance to antimycotics is increasing, partly due to their widespread use in various areas, becoming a significant concern to clinicians who are charged with caring for patients at high risk of invasive mycoses. A recent WHO report emphasised the need for strategies to improve the response, and in particular strengthen laboratory capacity and surveillance, support investment in research and strengthen public health interventions for the prevention and control of fungal infections through a One Health approach.
A Cross-Sectional Study on the Relationship Between Social Media Use and Frailty Among the Older People in Japan
Authors: Nakada Yuki , Seo Yuna
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the relationship between social media use and frailty in older adults, focusing on the influence of social media engagement and various frailty-related factors. A survey was conducted with 103 participants aged 65 and above, who completed a questionnaire on their social media usage, psychological well-being, dietary habits, physical activity, sleep patterns, and social interactions. Frailty was assessed using the Kihon Checklist, categorizing participants into non-frailty, pre-frailty, and frailty groups. The analysis was conducted using ordinal logistic regression to examine the relationship between social media usage and other frailty-related factors (e.g., psychological factors, sociality, diet, and exercise) with frailty status. The findings revealed that social media engagement was significantly associated with frailty status, with higher levels of engagement linked to reduced frailty. Specifically, participants who reported higher levels of social media interaction also reported better psychological well-being, increased social interaction, and greater engagement in physical and leisure activities. These results suggest that social media use may have a positive impact on frailty, potentially by enhancing social connectivity and promoting healthier lifestyle choices in older adults. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms through which social media can mitigate frailty and promote healthy aging.
Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) to Reduce the Risk for GBA-Related Parkinson’s Disease: Expanding the Applications for Embryo Selection
Authors: Zuckerman Shachar , Zimran Ari , Szer Jeff , Revel-Vilk Shoshana , Altarescu Gheona
Published: January 2025

Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is practiced worldwide, allowing the prevention of the transmission and expression of various genetic conditions. Socio-ethical considerations of justified applications for PGT are part of an ongoing debate. Pathogenic variants in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) gene, causing Gaucher disease (GD), have emerged as a risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD) in both patients and carriers. Genotype–phenotype correlations exist between different GBA1 pathogenic variants and the risk to develop PD: mild pathogenic variants increase the risk of developing PD by ~3-fold, while severe pathogenic variants increase this risk by ~15-fold, occurring at a younger age. A woman with GD, a compound heterozygote of N370S (now commonly described as c.1226A>G (N409S)—mild pathogenic variant) and 84insG (severe pathogenic variant), had PGT consulting before planned in vitro-fertilization. Her mother, an 84insG carrier, had early-onset PD. GBA1 sequencing of her spouse was negative. We discussed the selection for N370S carrier embryos to reduce PD risk. This case report demonstrates the expansion of PGT for late-onset conditions. These novel indications will increase the number of subjects who would be candidates for PGT. The medical and bioethical considerations of these cases should be acknowledged by the professional community and discussed with couples during genetic counseling.
Sensitive Detection of Kynurenic Acid from Biological Fluids Using a Flexible Electrochemical Platform Based on Gold Nanoparticles and Reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: Macovei Diana-Gabriela , Tertis Mihaela , Bogdan Diana , Suciu Maria , Barbu-Tudoran Lucian , Cristea Cecilia
Published: January 2025

Kynurenic acid (KA), a key metabolite of tryptophan (TRP) via the kynurenine pathway, plays a significant role in various physiological and pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, depression, and schizophrenia. This study aims to develop a flexible and sensitive electrochemical sensor platform for the direct detection of KA in biological fluids. Custom carbon-based electrodes were fabricated using specialized inks and a flexible plastic substrate, followed by functionalization with a composite film of gold nanoparticles, graphene oxide (GO), and polyethyleneimine (PEI). The GO was electrochemically reduced to enhance conductivity and sensitivity for the target analyte. The sensor platform was characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). An optimized differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method was employed for KA detection. The developed sensor demonstrated a detection limit of 0.3 nM and was effective across a concentration range of 1 nM to 500 µM. These findings highlight the potential of this electrochemical sensor as a reliable, rapid, and cost-effective tool for KA detection in various biological samples, offering significant advantages over traditional methods in terms of sensitivity and simplicity.
Plant Polyphenols as Heart’s Best Friends: From Health Properties, to Cellular Effects, to Molecular Mechanisms of Action
Authors: Stankovic Sanja , Mutavdzin Krneta Slavica , Djuric Dragan , Milosevic Verica , Milenkovic Dragan
Published: January 2025

Polyphenols are micronutrients found in fruits, vegetables, tea, coffee, cocoa, medicinal herbs, fish, crustaceans, and algae. They can also be synthesized using recombinant microorganisms. Interest in plant-derived natural compounds has grown due to their potential therapeutic effects with minimal side effects. This is particularly important as the aging population faces increasing rates of chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, arthritis, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders. Studies have highlighted polyphenols’ capacity to reduce risk factors linked to the onset of chronic illnesses. This narrative review discusses polyphenol families and their metabolism, and the cardioprotective effects of polyphenols evidenced from in vitro studies, as well as from in vivo studies, on different animal models of cardiac disease. This study also explores the molecular mechanisms underlying these benefits. Current research suggests that polyphenols may protect against ischemia, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, and myocardial injury through complex mechanisms, including epigenetic and genomic modulation. However, further studies under nutritionally and physiologically relevant conditions, using untargeted multigenomic approaches, are needed to more comprehensively elucidate these mechanisms and firmly prove the cardioprotective effects of polyphenols.
Modernizing Neuro-Oncology: The Impact of Imaging, Liquid Biopsies, and AI on Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Rafanan John , Ghani Nabih , Kazemeini Sarah , Nadeem-Tariq Ahmed , Shih Ryan , Vida Thomas A.
Published: January 2025

Advances in neuro-oncology have transformed the diagnosis and management of brain tumors, which are among the most challenging malignancies due to their high mortality rates and complex neurological effects. Despite advancements in surgery and chemoradiotherapy, the prognosis for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and brain metastases remains poor, underscoring the need for innovative diagnostic strategies. This review highlights recent advancements in imaging techniques, liquid biopsies, and artificial intelligence (AI) applications addressing current diagnostic challenges. Advanced imaging techniques, including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), improve the differentiation of tumor progression from treatment-related changes. Additionally, novel positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers, such as 18F-fluoropivalate, 18F-fluoroethyltyrosine, and 18F-fluluciclovine, facilitate metabolic profiling of high-grade gliomas. Liquid biopsy, a minimally invasive technique, enables real-time monitoring of biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), extracellular vesicles (EVs), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and tumor-educated platelets (TEPs), enhancing diagnostic precision. AI-driven algorithms, such as convolutional neural networks, integrate diagnostic tools to improve accuracy, reduce interobserver variability, and accelerate clinical decision-making. These innovations advance personalized neuro-oncological care, offering new opportunities to improve outcomes for patients with central nervous system tumors. We advocate for future research integrating these tools into clinical workflows, addressing accessibility challenges, and standardizing methodologies to ensure broad applicability in neuro-oncology.