bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elevated nuchal translucency, is it time to discuss the cut off?
Authors: Pasquini Lucia , Ponziani Ilaria , Spataro Elisa , Masini Giulia , Biancareddu Eleonora , Cordisco Adalgisa , Petraglia Felice
Published: May 2023

Objective

We aimed to evaluate pregnancy and postnatal outcomes of fetuses with NT between 95th and 99th percentile at first trimester and whether they could benefit from further investigations rather that routine scans.

Methods

Multicenter retrospective observational study which involved all cases with NT between 95th and 99th percentile from January 2015 to December 2020. Unfavorable outcome was considered as: miscarriage or intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), chromosomal abnormality/genetic syndrome, major malformation or neurodevelopmental delay. Study population outcomes were compared with general population.

Results

The rate of unfavorable outcome was 25.44% (167 out of 667). We reported: 6 (0.90%) second trimester miscarriage or IUFD, 90 (13.49%) chromosomal abnormalities/genetic syndromes, 57 (8.55%) major malformations, 13 (1.95%) cases of neurodevelopmental delay. The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities/genetic syndromes and major malformations were significantly higher (OR 6.99 (IC 95% 4.33–11.28), P < 0.001 and OR 17.77 (IC 95%7.22–43.75), P < 0.001 respectively) compared to the general population. The incidence of neurodevelopmental delay was not increased (OR of 0.64 CI 95% 0.33–1.24 P = 0.185).

Conclusions

Fetuses with NT between 95th and 99th percentile have an increased risk of pregnancy and postnatal adverse outcomes. According to our data it is reasonable to consider a lower cut of NT (NT > 95th percentile) for offering further investigations such as detailed ultrasound scan, fetal echocardiography and counseling where the option of performing fetal karyotype and CGH array should be discussed.
CDCT‐induced nephrotoxicity in rat by apoptosis via metabolic disturbance
Authors: Zuo Chijing , Liu Yan , Wang Jie , Yu Weidong , Liu Yujie , Zhang Yanyan , Xu Jingjing , Peng Daiyin , Peng Can
Published: May 2023

Compound diclofenac sodium chlorphenamine maleate tablets (CDCT) are widely used for the cold in Asia. However, CDCT can cause hematuria symptoms in clinical, and the underlying mechanism is unknown. This study aims to investigate the CDCT‐induced changes of morphology in kidney and metabolites and further explore the possible mechanisms of CDCT‐induced nephrotoxicity. Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to the CDCT at a clinical equivalent dose for 6 days. CDCT exposure can induce kidney injury and death. Pathological changes, including creatinine, urea nitrogen, and histopathology, were observed in rats. Furthermore, metabolomic‐driven energy and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway disorders, accompanied by remarkably changed key metabolites, such as succinate, leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and cardiolipin (CL), are observed in the CDCT‐induced nephrotoxicity. Functionally, succinate accumulation leads to mitochondrial damage, as evidence by the imbalance of complex I and complex II and an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mito SOX). Meanwhile, LTB4 activated the NF‐κB signaling, as shown by increased protein of p65, phosphor‐p65, and decreased protein of IκBα and phosphor‐IκBα. Eventually, the apoptosis pathway was triggered in response to reduced CL, inflammation, and mito SOX, as demonstrated by the expression of cyt c, Bax, Bcl‐2, caspase‐3, and caspase‐9. This study indicated that CDCT‐induced metabolic disorders triggered nephrotoxicity and provided a comprehensive information to elucidate the mechanism of CDCT induced nephrotoxicity.
Effects of cadmium acetate contaminated drinking water on vital organs: A histopathological and biochemical study
Authors: Syed Murtaza H. , Rubab Syeda A. , Abbas Syed R. , Qutaba Syed , Mohd Zahari Mior A. K. , Abdullah Norhayati
Published: May 2023

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal with various human exposure sources. It accumulates in the liver, forming a complex with metallothionein protein and progresses to other organs. As a heavy metal, cadmium can replace calcium and other divalent ions and disturb their cascades, ultimately affecting the vital organs. Since cadmium acetate (CA) is considered more lethal than other Cd compounds, the current study examines the effect of different concentrations of CA doses in drinking water for different exposure times in murine models (Mus musculus). After the exposure period, the murine models were then examined histopathologically and biochemically. The histopathological examination of the heart, liver, and kidneys of the experimental group showed extensive degenerative effects. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to determine the quantity of cadmium in serum, kidney, and hepatic tissues. Sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of hepatic proteins, especially metallothionein, directly related to Cd administration. The biochemical parameters, including creatine kinase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total proteins, glucose, urea, uric acid, and creatinine, were also analyzed. After thorough histochemical and biochemical analysis, it was concluded that even low dose exposure of CA is hazardous to murine models with damaging effects.
Myelosuppression Caused by Nanoparticle Albumin‐Bound Paclitaxel in the Northern Chinese Population and the Role of Body Composition
Authors: Shi Yongzhi , Guo Jiayuan , Jiang Ying , Zhao Juan , Li Jiaxuan , Shen Jing , Jin Gaowa , Bai Xiaojun , Li Quanfu
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between lean body mass (LBM) and the incidence and severity of neutropenia in patients with malignant tumors from Northern China who have received nanoparticle albumin‐bound paclitaxel. Twenty‐six patients with pathologically confirmed malignant tumors were prospectively included in this study. These 26 patients were divided into Group A (sarcopenia) and Group B (nonsarcopenia). Group A comprised 50% (13/26) of the patients, while Group B comprised the other 50% (13/26). There was no statistically significant difference between both groups in terms of body surface area (P = .052). The incidence of neutropenia in Group A was 76.9% compared to 61.5% in Group B (P = .0673). The incidence of Grade 3 and severe neutropenia was 76.9% versus 61.5% in Groups A and B, respectively (P = .645). These 26 patients were divided into Groups 1 and 2 based on the administered nab‐paclitaxel dose per kilogram of LBM, with both groups receiving a body surface area dose of 260 mg/m2. Group 1 received a nab‐paclitaxel dose of 14.19 mg/kg of LBM, whereas Group 2 received 11.37 mg/kg of LBM. In Group 1, the incidence of neutropenia was 71.4%, whereas it was 66.7% in Group 2. Grade 3 or higher neutropenia incidence was 28.6% in Group 1 versus 16.7% in Group 2. Patients with sarcopenia in northern China experienced a higher incidence of severe neutropenia after receiving nab‐paclitaxel than patients without sarcopenia. Higher drug dose intensity per unit of LBM may be a contributing factor.
Fatty acid amides as potential circulating biomarkers for sarcopenia
Authors: Kim Ye An , Lee Seung Hun , Koh Jung‐Min , Kwon Seung‐hyun , Lee Young , Cho Han Jin , Kim Hanjun , Kim Su Jung , Lee Ji Hyun , Yoo Hyun Ju , Seo Je Hyun
Published: May 2023

Background

Sarcopenia is characterized by a progressive decrease in skeletal muscle mass and function with age. Given that sarcopenia is associated with various metabolic disorders, effective metabolic biomarkers for its early detection are required. We aimed to investigate the metabolic biomarkers related to sarcopenia in elderly men and perform experimental studies using metabolomics.

Methods

Plasma metabolites from 142 elderly men, comprising a sarcopenia group and an age‐matched control group, were measured using global metabolome profiling. Muscle and plasma samples from an aging mouse model of sarcopenia, as well as cell media and cell lysates during myoblast differentiation, were analysed based on targeted metabolome profiling. Based on these experimental results, fatty acid amides were quantified from human plasma as well as human muscle tissues. The association of fatty acid amide levels with sarcopenia parameters was evaluated.

Results

Global metabolome profiling showed that fatty acid amide levels were significantly different in the plasma of elderly men with sarcopenia (all Ps < 0.01). Consistent with these results in human plasma, targeted metabolome profiling in an aging mouse model of sarcopenia showed decreased levels of fatty acid amides in plasma but not in muscle tissue. In addition, the levels of fatty acid amides increased in cell lysates during muscle cell differentiation. Targeted metabolome profiling in men showed decreased docosahexaenoic acid ethanolamide (DHA EA) levels in the plasma (P = 0.016) but not in the muscle of men with sarcopenia. DHA EA level was positively correlated with sarcopenia parameters such as skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and handgrip strength (HGS) (P = 0.001, P = 0.001, respectively). The area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC) for DHA EA level ≤ 4.60 fmol/μL for sarcopenia was 0.618 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.532–0.698). DHA EA level ≤ 4.60 fmol/μL was associated with a significantly greater likelihood of sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR]: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.03–4.30), independent of HGS. The addition of DHA EA level to age and HGS significantly improved the AUC from 0.620 to 0.691 (P = 0.0497).

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated that fatty acid amides are potential circulating biomarkers in elderly men with sarcopenia. DHA EA, in particular, strongly related to muscle mass and strength, can be a key metabolite to become a reliable metabolic biomarker for sarcopenia. Further research on fatty acid amides will provide insights into the metabolomic changes relevant to sarcopenia from an aging perspective.
Resveratrol inhibits ferroptosis via activating NRF2/GPX4 pathway in mice with spinal cord injury
Authors: Ni Chengtao , Ye Qing , Mi Xiaodan , Jiao Dian , Zhang Shuangshuang , Cheng Ruidong , Fang Zhanglu , Fang Marong , Ye Xiangming
Published: May 2023

Ferroptosis is a newly defined form of cell death involved in neurologic disease. Resveratrol is a non‐flavonoid polyphenolic compound with anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but its potential therapeutic mechanism in spinal cord injury (SCI) remains unknown. Therefore, this study evaluates the mechanism by which resveratrol promotes neurological and motor function recovery in mice with SCI. The motor function of mice was evaluated using the Basso Mouse Scale score and footprint test. The effect of resveratrol on the neuronal cell state was observed using NeuN, fluoro‐Jade C, and Nissl staining. The expression of iron content in injured segments was observed using Perls blue and Diaminobenzidine staining. The effect of resveratrol on the levels of malondialdehyde, glutathione, Fe2+, and glutathione peroxidase 4 enzyme activity was also investigated. The mitochondrial ultrastructures of injured segment cells were observed using transmission electron microscope, while the protein levels of ferroptosis‐related targets were detected using Western blot. Our findings show that resveratrol improves motor function after SCI and has certain neuroprotective effects; in ferroptosis‐related studies, resveratrol inhibited the expression of ferroptosis‐related proteins and ions. Resveratrol improved changes in mitochondrial morphology. Mechanistically, the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 reversed the inhibitory effect of resveratrol on ferroptosis‐related genes, indicating that resveratrol inhibits ferroptosis through the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway. Our findings elucidate that resveratrol promotes functional recovery, inhibits ferroptosis post‐SCI, and provides an experimental basis for subsequent clinical translational research.

Our study shows that resveratrol inhibits the production of lipid peroxide and the accumulation of iron by activating Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting neuronal ferroptosis. At the same time, it can promote the recovery of motor function of mice.
Administrators’ preparedness to address physician burnout before and during COVID‐19
Authors: Schoolcraft Payton L. , Brown Stephen L. , Xie Yue
Published: May 2023

Occupational burnout has become widespread. The syndrome can be especially harmful in health care settings, affecting clinicians, organizational effectiveness, and patient safety. Certain approaches have proven helpful in some cases in combatting the syndrome. The coronavirus pandemic presented physicians with unique challenges, which appeared to have magnified work stress This national survey specifically explored interventions used by health care leaders to reduce burnout and whether these interventions proved effective during a pandemic. We also discuss effective and appropriate organizational measures to reduce physician burnout and its associated risks during crises.
Exploration of fish gut‐associated actinobacteria for its antifouling activity
Authors: Ashwin Ramesh K. , Aruna Arunachalam , Koyyodan Jisha , Kaari Manigundan , Venugopal Gopikrishnan , Manikkam Radhakrishnan
Published: May 2023

An attempt has been made to screen the fish gut‐associated actinobacterial cultures for antifouling compounds. Fifteen morphologically distinct bacterial cultures were recovered from the biofouling samples scraped from the boat surfaces and other maritime structures in the Kovalam beach (Lat. 12.7870°N; Long. 80.2504°E) coastal areas in Tamil Nadu, India. All the bacterial isolates were identified at generic level from which two isolates namely KB6 and KB7 as Staphylococcus sp. were found the exhibit strong biofilm formation. Four actinobacterial strains viz., IM20, PYA9, F8, and SQA4 were evaluated for inhibitory properties against biofouling bacteria using the agar plug method. Strain IM20 which strongly inhibited the biofouling bacteria was chosen as prospective strain for further studies. When compared to submerged fermentation, IM20 produced a high amount of antifouling chemicals on the agar surface fermentation. Among the solvents tested, better extraction of antifouling compounds was seen in ethyl acetate extract. Antifouling compound production by the strain IM20 was found to be influenced by a number of variables such as glucose, fructose, glutamine, malt extract, pH 7 and 9, temperature 30 and 40°C and NaCl at 2.5% and 5% concentrations. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis of the strain IM20 extract revealed the presence of pyrrolo (1,2‐a]pyrazine‐1,4‐dione, hexahydro) in significant amount. In the present study, the fish gut‐associated Streptomyces sp. IM20 was identified as an unusual and newly added source for the isolation of antifouling compounds.
Isolation, structural characterization and sporicidal properties of Baelezcin A, a novel cyclic lipopeptide from Bacillus velezensis SJ100083 against gray mold
Authors: Yuan Ziqiang , Zhou Bo , Wu Xiuna , Wang Li , Li Guiling , Liu Jingwen , Kang Qianjin , Wu Daren , Li Jian
Published: May 2023

Background

Postharvest gray mold induced by Botrytis cinerea seriously affects cherry quality, resulting in huge economic losses. The aim of this study was to isolate and purify a novel antifungal compound from the endophytic Bacillus velezensis SJ100083 of cherries to prevent postharvest gray mold.

Results

In this study, Baelezcin A, extracted and purified from Bacillus velezensis SJ100083, was found effective in suppressing gray mold on cherries. Furthermore, the structure of Baelezcin A was identified as a novel cyclic lipopeptide with molecular formula of C52H91N7O13 through ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole Orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap‐HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Baelezcin A treatment at 25 mg L−1 significantly decreased the disease incidence and severity of cherry gray mold, the antifungal mechanism of which was attributed to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species within the spores and the leakage of mycelium cytoplasmal contents, resulting in a low rate of spore germination. Moreover, it was proven to be biologically safe within a certain range by MTT assays.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that Baelezcin A from the culture of Bacillus velezensis SJ100083 may be a promising fruit preservative for controlling postharvest gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Analysis of organic acid metabolism reveals citric acid and malic acid play major roles in determining acid quality during the development of kiwifruit (Actinidia eriantha)
Authors: Jia Dongfeng , Xu Ziyi , Chen Lu , Huang Qing , Huang Chunhui , Tao Junjie , Qu Xueyan , Xu Xiaobiao
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

Actinidia eriantha is one of the most important kiwifruit species in Actinidia. The relative high accumulation of organic acids in fruit of A. eriantha is an unfavorable factor for organoleptic quality. To identify key metabolic enzymes and genes involved in organic acids accumulation during fruit development, physiological, biochemical, and molecular experiments were conducted for the dynamic fruit samples of a new kiwifruit cultivar, A. eriantha ‘Ganlv 1’.

RESULTS

The contents of citric acid and malic acid increased greatly during fruit development, while quinic acid content decreased obviously. Significant positive correlations were observed between fruit titratable acidity and the contents of both citric acid and malic acid, and a significant negative correlation was found between fruit titratable acidity and the quinic acid content. The high accumulation of citric acid was found to be caused by the increased activity of citrate synthase (CS), and the decreased activities of two degradation‐related enzymes, mitochondrial aconitase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)‐dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase. In addition, the accumulation of malic acid depended mainly on the increased synthesis catalyzed by NAD‐dependent malate dehydrogenase (NAD‐MDH) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. Further analysis suggested that AeCS2 and AeMDH2 played pivotal roles in controlling the activities of CS and NAD‐MDH respectively.

CONCLUSION

The high accumulation level of citric acid relied on both the strong synthesis ability and the weak degradation ability. The accumulation level of malic acid was mainly affected by the synthesis. The novel information would be helpful for our understanding of the formation of fruit acidity quality. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Impact of de‐branched starch molecules and fatty acid complexes on the attenuation of ageing‐induced cognitive impairment
Authors: Yao Xuan , Wang Anqi , Gao Bo , Xue Yu , Zhao Xueling , Wang Xuanyu , Wang Rui , Zhuang Min , Wei Changqing , Cheng Weidong , Zhang Jian , Strappe Padraig , Zhou Zhongkai
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

Ageing and associated cognitive impairments are becoming serious issues around the world. In this study, the physiological properties of three kinds of complexes of fatty acid (capric, stearic and oleic acid, respectively) and de‐branched starch molecules were investigated via a d‐galactose‐induced ageing model. This study revealed differences in the regulation of cognitive impairment and brain damage following intervention of different complexes, which might highlight a potent approach for the prevention of this chronic disease.

RESULTS

Data indicated that three complexes improved response time and cognitive function and the bio‐parameter markers associated with oxidative stress in ageing rats. Among them, the complexes prepared from de‐branched starch–oleic acid showed a greater improvement compared to others. In addition, de‐branched starch–capric acid complex showed a higher improvement in the morphology of colon cells and hippocampal neuronal cells. The consumption of de‐branched starch–capric acid and –oleic acid complexes generated more short‐chain fatty acids in the gut. More importantly, the complexation of de‐branched starch with either caprate or stearate enhanced gut Akkermansia. Therefore, it was proposed that the richness in Akkermansia and gut metabolites might be associated with reduced damage of the hippocampal neuronal cells induced by the ageing progress. Moreover, the AMPK (AMP‐activated protein kinase) pathway was activated in liver in de‐branched starch–capric acid complex diet. In summary, de‐branched starch–capric acid complex exhibited a greater effect on the attenuation of ageing‐induced cognitive impairment.

CONCLUSION

This study might highlight a new approach for intervening in the cognitive impairment during the ageing progress via a food supply. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Objective Fluoroscopic Outcomes After Endoscopic Staple Versus Laser Zenker's Diverticulotomy
Authors: Zhao Nina W. , Stasyuk Anastasiya , Hernandez Brian O. , Cates Daniel J. , Kuhn Maggie A. , Belafsky Peter C.
Published: May 2023

Objective

Endoscopic Zenker's diverticulotomy (EZD) is typically performed via stapling (endoscopic staple diverticulotomy; ESD) or CO2 laser (endoscopic laser diverticulotomy; ELD). Conflicting reports exist on which approach provides optimal outcomes. This investigation compared objective fluoroscopic data between ESD and ELD.

Methods

A retrospective review of all patients undergoing primary EZD at a tertiary center between January 1, 2014 and January 10, 2022 was performed. Patients undergoing ESD and ELD were matched by preoperative diverticulum size. Primary outcome measures were postoperative diverticulum size and change in diverticulum size from pre‐ to postoperative swallowing fluoroscopy. Secondary outcome measures were the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT‐10) score, penetration aspiration scale (PAS), pharyngeal constriction ratio (PCR), and pharyngoesophageal segment opening (PESo).

Results

Thirteen matched pairs with complete fluoroscopic data were identified. The mean (±SD) age of the cohort was 74.0 (±8.5) years. There were no age or gender differences between groups (p > 0.05). The mean pre‐operative ZD size was 1.98 (±0.69) cm for ESD and 1.97 (±0.72) cm for ELD; the mean postoperative size was 0.84 (±0.62) cm for ESD and 0.34 (±0.27) cm for ELD (p < 0.05). Mean diverticulum size improved by 1.14 (±0.59) cm after ESD and 1.62 (±0.59) cm after ELD (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in postoperative EAT‐10, PAS, PCR, or PESo between groups.

Conclusion

The data suggest that endoscopic laser Zenker's diverticulotomy results in a greater improvement in diverticulum size than endoscopic staple diverticulotomy. The data did not suggest a difference in postoperative dysphagia symptom scores or other objective fluoroscopic parameters between staple and laser diverticulotomy.

Level of Evidences

Level 3 Laryngoscope, 133:3057–3060, 2023
Topological Holography and Storage with Optical Knots and Links
Authors: Kong Ling‐Jun , Zhang Jingfeng , Zhang Furong , Zhang Xiangdong
Published: May 2023

After more than 70 years of development, holography has become an essential tool of modern optics in many applications. In fact, for various applications of different kinds of holographic techniques, stability and antijamming ability are very important. Here, optical topological structures are introduced into holographic technology, and an entirely new concept of optical topological holography is demonstrated to solve stability and antijamming problems. Based on the optical knots and links, the topological holography is not only developed in theory, but also demonstrated experimentally. In addition, a new topological holographic coding is established by regarding each knotted/linked topological structure as an information carrier. Due to the variety of knotted and linked structures and their characteristics of topological protection, such coding can have high capacity as well as robust properties. Furthermore, with writing the hologram into the liquid crystal, robust information storage of 3D topological holography is realized.
Large Polyacrylamide Hydrogels for Large‐Batch Cell Culture and Mechanobiological Studies
Authors: Shi Xuechen , Janmey Paul A.
Published: May 2023

The rigidity of a cell's substrate or extracellular matrix plays a vital role in regulating cell and tissue functions. Polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels are one of the most widely used cell culture substrates that provide a physiologically relevant range of stiffness. However, it is still arduous and time‐consuming to prepare PAAm substrates in large batches for high‐yield or multiscale cell cultures. In this communication, a simple method to prepare PAAm hydrogels with less time cost and easily accessible materials is presented. The hydrogel is mechanically uniform and supports cell culture in a large batch. It is further shown that the stiffness of the hydrogel covers a large range of Young's modulus and is sensed by cells, regulating various cell features including changes in cell morphology, proliferation, and contractility. This method improves the reproducibility of mechanobiology studies and can be easily applied for mechanobiology research requiring large numbers of cells or experimental groups.
Vertical dynamic interaction and group efficiency factor for floating pile group in layered soil
Authors: Qu Liming , Kouroussis Georges , Lian Jing , Ding Xuanming
Published: May 2023

This paper theoretically estimates the dynamic pile–soil interaction and the group efficiency factor for pile group in layered soil through energy‐based method. The vertical dynamic interaction of partially embedded single piles and their surrounding layered soil is analytically deduced from Hamilton's principle. Combined with a series of numerical simulations, the soil attenuation factor from energy method is modified for adapting to the wave speed variation in various layers. Then, the pile‐to‐pile interaction factor is directly solved with the help of the transfer‐matrix method. The dynamic governing equation of pile group with an elevated rigid cap is established by superposing the pile‐to‐pile interaction factors. Finally, the dynamic impedance of pile group is obtained and derived into a group efficiency factor. Compared with the plane strain method, this present method can produce a more suitable soil attenuation factor and a dynamic interaction factor at low frequency range, which is exploited for practical engineering design. The effects of subsoil layer, subsoil layer, and unembedded pile segment on group efficiency factor are investigated. The results show that the real part of group efficiency factor decreases at high frequency range for a small pile spacing, which may be detriment to the pile group capacity. Besides that, the combined effects of unembedded segment and weak surface soil on group efficiency factor are highlighted.
One in four women with stress urinary incontinence who are taught “the knack” maneuver adopt this motor pattern while coughing: A prospective interventional cohort study
Authors: Antônio Flávia I. , Yamamoto Grace , Varette Kevin , McLean Linda
Published: May 2023

Questions

Do women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) who receive instruction to perform the knack maneuver as part of a 12‐week pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) program perform it during voluntary coughing without specific instruction to do so, and are subjective and objective outcomes better among those who do than among those who do not demonstrate the knack during voluntary coughing?

Design

Secondary analysis of a prospective interventional cohort.

Participants

Women with SUI.

Intervention

12‐week PFMT intervention including instruction to perform the knack.

Outcome measures

Performance of the knack before a voluntary cough as confirmed through ultrasound imaging. SUI severity determined subjectively (International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire‐Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms [ICIQ‐FLUTS] overall score, ICIQ‐FLUTS UI subscale score, 3‐day bladder diary) and objectively (30‐min pad test).

Results

Outcome data were available from 69 participants. At baseline, no participants performed the knack when asked to cough. At follow‐up, more participants performed the knack during a voluntary cough [18/69 (26%), 95% confidence interval [CI] 15%–35%] than at baseline. The extent of improvement in SUI symptoms was not different between participants who did and did not demonstrate the knack during a voluntary cough [FLUTS‐UI subscale score (d = 0.31, 95% CI –0.78 to 2.77, n = 69), FLUTS overall score (d = 0.26, 95% CI −1.52–4.23, n = 69), 30‐min pad test (d = 0.03, 95% CI −9.35 to 10.32, n = 69), 3‐day bladder diary (d = 0.03, 95% CI −4.07 to 3.60, n = 51)].

Conclusion

Approximately one in four women appear to adopt the knack as a motor response to a cough command, however, adopting the knack was not independently associated with greater improvements in SUI.
Evaluation of premature ventricular complexes during in‐hospital ECG monitoring as a predictor of ventricular tachycardia in an intensive care unit cohort
Authors: Suba Sukardi , Hoffmann Thomas J. , Fleischmann Kirsten E. , Schell‐Chaple Hildy , Marcus Gregory M. , Prasad Priya , Hu Xiao , Badilini Fabio , Pelter Michele M.
Published: May 2023

In‐hospital electrocardiographic (ECG) monitors are typically configured to alarm for premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) due to the potential association of PVCs with ventricular tachycardia (VT). However, no contemporary hospital‐based studies have examined the association of PVCs with VT. Hence, the benefit of PVC monitoring in hospitalized patients is largely unknown. This secondary analysis used a large PVC alarm data set to determine whether PVCs identified during continuous ECG monitoring were associated with VT, in‐hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA), and/or death in a cohort of adult intensive care unit patients. Six PVC types were examined (i.e., isolated, bigeminy, trigeminy, couplets, R‐on‐T, and run PVCs) and were compared between patients with and without VT, IHCA, and/or death. Of 445 patients, 48 (10.8%) had VT; 11 (2.5%) had IHCA; and 49 (11%) died. Isolated and run PVC counts were higher in the VT group (p = 0.03 both), but group differences were not seen for the other four PVC types. The regression models showed no significant associations between any of the six PVC types and VT or death, although confidence intervals were wide. Due to the small number of cases, we were unable to test for associations between PVCs and IHCA. Our findings suggest that we should question the clinical relevance of activating PVC alarms as a forewarning of VT, and more work should be done with larger sample sizes. A more precise characterization of clinically relevant PVCs that might be associated with VT is warranted.
A comparative study of social cognition in epilepsy, brain injury, and Parkinson's disease
Authors: Bauer Julia , Steiger Bettina Katharina , Kegel Lorena Chantal , Eicher Marcel , König Kristina , Baumann‐Vogel Heide , Jokeit Hennric
Published: May 2023

The brain regions involved in social cognition and the regulation of social behavior form a widely distributed cortico‐subcortical network. Therefore, many neurological disorders could affect social cognition and behavior. A persistent lack of valid tests and a rigid neuropsychological focus on language, attention, executive function, and memory have contributed to a long‐standing neglect of social cognition in clinical diagnostics, although the DSM‐5 recognizes it as one of the six core dimensions in neurocognitive disorders. To assess for the first time the diagnostic yield of a comprehensive social cognition battery (Networks of Emotion Processing [NEmo]), we administered several emotion recognition and theory of mind tests to three incidental clinical samples with different neurological conditions: temporal lobe epilepsy (n = 30), acquired brain injury (n = 24), Parkinson's disease (n = 19), and a healthy control group (n = 67). A multivariate analysis of covariance was performed to test the effect of group on subscales of the NEmo test battery, controlling for age and performance IQ. The results showed statistically significant differences between clinical groups and healthy controls. No differences were found for gender and lateralization of the predominant lesion side. In our incidental samples, 86% of individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy, 57% of individuals with acquired brain lesion, and 14% of individuals with Parkinson's disease underperformed on tests of social cognition compared with controls. These findings suggest a differential impact of neurological disorders on the risk of impaired social cognition and highlight the need to consider social cognition in diagnostics, counselling, therapy, and rehabilitation.
Windenergiepotenzial von Deutschland
Authors: Kleidon Axel
Published: May 2023

Die Windenergienutzung in Deutschland soll bis 2050 mit bis zu 200 Gigawatt ausgebaut werden, was in etwa einer Vervierfachung im Vergleich zu heute entspricht. Diese Windturbinen werden der Atmosphäre dabei Windenergie entziehen und damit die Atmosphäre beeinflussen. Dies wirkt sich auf die Effizienz der Windenergienutzung aus, weil die Windgeschwindigkeiten in den betroffenen Regionen sinken müssen. Mithilfe der Impulsbilanz und den damit verbundenen kinetischen Energieflüssen lässt sich abschätzen, dass deshalb der Stromertrag um etwa 10 bis 15 % sinkt. Der Effekt ist geringer, wenn die Windturbinen gleichmäßiger über mehr Fläche verteilt sind. Trotz dieser Effekte lässt sich mit der Windenergie sehr viel Strom erzeugen, die betrachteten Szenarien würden mehr als die Hälfte des gegenwärtigen Strombedarfs damit decken. Die Auswirkungen auf die Atmosphäre sind dabei sehr gering. Die umgesetzte Windenergie beträgt lediglich 2,4 % des Verlusts an kinetischer Energie, die ohnehin auf natürliche Weise durch Reibung in der unteren Atmosphäre verloren geht.
Röntgenbilder spektral aufgelöst
Authors: Salditt Tim , Soltau Jakob , Meyer Paul Philipp
Published: May 2023

Grau sind alle Röntgenbilder, bunt nur strahlt die sichtbare Welt. Lässt sich denn ein Röntgenbild nicht auch mit mehreren „Farbkanälen” aufzeichnen, zum Beispiel wenn ein Körper in unterschiedlichen „Röntgenfarben” strahlt? Mit einem energieauflösenden Detektor und dem Prinzip der Abbildung mit kodierter Maske haben wir nun erstmals Röntgenfluoreszenzaufnahmen im Vollfeld realisiert – und „Röntgenfarbaufnahmen” mit einer einzigen Belichtung erhalten.
Atomar aufgelöste Glimmeroberflächen
Authors: Franceschi Giada , Diebold Ulrike
Published: May 2023

Unserer Arbeitsgruppe an der Technischen Universität Wien ist es gelungen, die atomaren Details von Muskovit, einer Ausprägung von Glimmer, abzubilden. In der Oberflächenforschung hat dieses Schichtsilikat bereits eine lange Geschichte. Unsere Rasterkraftmikroskopiebilder, die im Ultrahochvakuum aufgenommen wurden, zeigen eine überraschende Nahordnung der Kaliumionenverteilung auf der Oberfläche.
Shizuki Tadaos Übersetzungen
Authors: Mecke Klaus
Published: May 2023

Moderne Physik wurde in Japan zunächst von Schriftgelehrten geschaffen, die europäische Texte übersetzten.
Registration of ‘S11‐17025C’ soybean: A high‐yielding and high‐oil conventional cultivar with broad resistance to diseases and nematodes
Authors: Shannon G. , Chen P. , Lee Y.‐C. , Vieira C. C. , Nascimento E. F. , Granja M. O. , Lee D. , Ali M. L. , Scaboo A. , Crisel M. , Smothers S. , Clubb M. , Nguyen H. T. , Li Z. , Mitchum M. G. , Bond J. , Meinhardt C. , Usovsky M. , Robbins R. T. , Gillen A. M.
Published: May 2023

The soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] cultivar ‘S11‐17025C’ (Reg. no. CV‐558, PI 701486) was developed and released by the University of Missouri‐Fisher Delta Research, Extension, and Education Center (MU‐FDREEC). S11‐17025C is a conventional, early maturity group V (relative maturity, 5.2) with high yield potential with a determinate growth habit. It is a chloride excluder for tolerance to high‐chloride field conditions. It has broad disease resistance, including soybean cyst nematode races 1 (HG type 2.5.7), 2 (HG type 1.2.5.7), 3 (HG type 5.7), and 5 (HG type 2.5.7); southern root‐knot nematode; reniform nematode; and sudden death syndrome. S11‐17025C was tested in 133 environments across 10 states, including Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia, in 2012–2016. It was evaluated in yield tests at the MU‐FDREEC (2012–2016), USDA Uniform Soybean tests (2013–2016), and soybean state variety tests (2015 and 2016). S11‐17025C yielded 104% of the commercial check mean across multiple environments. 17025C has broad adaptation across the Mid‐south where growers may benefit from premium prices offered for conventional soybeans. S11‐17025C can also serve as germplasm for use in crosses in breeding programs.
Comparison of Bray‐1 and Mehlich‐3 extraction of P and K in Wisconsin silt loam soils
Authors: Matcham Emma G. , Ruark Matthew D. , Stoltenberg David E. , Conley Shawn P.
Published: May 2023

Phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) fertilizer rate recommendations are based on soil nutrient concentrations, which can be measured using a variety of lab methods. In Wisconsin, Bray‐1 extractant is used to measure soil test P (STP) and soil test K (STK), while most neighboring states measure STP and STK using Mehlich‐3 soil test extractant. This research aims to quantify the relationship between Bray‐1 and Mehlich‐3 extraction methods for both STP and STK for silt‐loam soils in southern Wisconsin. Soil samples were collected from three fields in November 2021. STK and soil test phosphorus STP were measured using both Bray‐1 and Mehlich‐3 extraction methods. The relationship between Bray‐1 and Mehlich‐3 extractants was quantified using linear regression. Soil test phosphorus as measured using Bray‐1 extractant was linearly related to STP as measured using Mehlich‐3 extractant (p < 0.001; Adj. R2 = 0.97), and the relationship between STK results from Bray‐1 extraction and STK results from Mehlich‐3 extraction was also linear (p < 0.001; Adj. R2 = 0.91). For the same soil samples, Mehlich‐3 extractant removed slightly more P and K as compared to Bray‐1 extractant. Due to the strong linear relationship between Mehlich‐3 and Bray‐1 extractants, simple regressions can be used to estimate Bray‐1 STP or STK from a soil test report that was generated using Mehlich‐3 lab methods, and vice versa, on WI silt‐loam soils.
A Review of Recent Advances in the Development of Superhydrophobicity over Various Substrate Surfaces Using Polymers
Authors: Raju Aleena , Samanta Debasis , Rajendrakumar Kannapiran
Published: May 2023

Owing to its hydrophobic nature, polymers are more commonly employed to impart superhydrophobicity over different surfaces. This review gives a brief account on the theories behind superhydrophobicity and techniques employed to develop superhydrophobic coatings over metal, fabrics, papers, sponges, foam, glass, wood, mesh, concrete and ceramic surfaces. Fine‐tuning of superhydrophobic polymeric surfaces is much required to enhance corrosion control, oil‐water separation, self‐cleaning, drag reduction, anti‐microbial, anti‐bio‐fouling, anti‐icing and desalination properties. Methodology and current developments in the designing such superhydrophobic polymeric surfaces are highlighted. To conclude, the challenges to be addressed by the scientific world to solve the problems associated with mass production, stability and durability of the coatings, development of hierarchical micro‐nanostructures are detailed.
Improving the Open‐Circuit Voltage of Low‐Dimensional Perovskite Solar Cells with NiOx Films by Interfacial Energy Level Alignment
Authors: Xie Zhongqi , Wu Yue , Wei Mengyuan , Zhao Ya , Jiang Qing‐Song , Yang Xiao , Xun Wei , Lin Bencai , Wang Chunxiang
Published: May 2023

Interface engineering strategy plays an essential role in improving the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, nickel oxide (NiOx) films are fabricated by the low‐temperature combustion method and modified by poly[bis(4‐phenyl)(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) solution with a low concentration. Then, NiOx and NiOx/PTAA films are used as hole transport layers to fabricate low‐dimensional perovskite (4FPEA)2(MA0.9FA0.1)3Pb4I13 (n=4) (4FPEA: 4‐fluorophenylethylammonium, MA: methylammonium, FA: formamidinum). The experimental results show that the energy level alignment has been optimized by introducing a PTAA layer, which is beneficial to improving the hole extraction efficiency. Therefore, the low‐dimensional PSC exhibit the high open‐circuit voltage (1.21 V) by suppressing the non‐radiative recombination. Compared with the PSC based on NiOx film, the power conversion efficiency of the PSC based on NiOx/PTAA film is improved from 6.13 % to 12.25 %. Meanwhile, the PSC based on NiOx/PTAA film remains at 88 % of the initial efficiency after being stored in a nitrogen glove box for 900 h. Our work offers a promising route for applying NiOx film in low‐dimensional PSCs.
AgO@InGaZnO4 composites for environmental photocatalysis
Authors: Yang Jia , Liu Miaomiao , Liao Lingshan , Li Yan , Wang Huijun , Huang Huisheng , Jiang Pengfei , Sun Xiaorui
Published: May 2023

We reported AgO@InGaZnO4 as a novel photocatalyst for environmental photocatalysis. X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectrum, fluorescence spectroscopy, fourier infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, X‐ray photoelectrons spectroscopy, and electrochemical tests were utilized to identify the composition, chemical valence states, morphology, and photocatalytic potential of AgO@InGaZnO4. In the experiments of photo‐reduction Cr(VI) ion and photodegradation Rhodamine B (RhB) reactions, the kinetic constants of AgO@InGaZnO4 samples are 1.7 and 7.1 times of the parent, respectively. The analysis of photocatalytic mechanism indicates that AgO acts as an electron trap to promote photogenerated charge separation and enhance photocatalytic performance. Moreover, AgO also plays an important role in the adsorption of the catalyzed substrate in the composite.
Novel Benzimidazol‐2‐Thione Derivatives: Synthesis, In Vitro Anticancer, Antimicrobial Activities, And In Silico Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Duy Tuy Ha Ngo , Phuong Truong , Van Cuong Nguyen , Nguyen Minh An Tran
Published: May 2023

A series of derivative benzimidazol‐2‐thione compounds (2 a–2 l) had been synthesized, screened for their antimicrobial activities by dish diffusion and dilution assays, anti‐tumor against breast, rhabdomyosarcoma, and liver human cancer cell lines via MTT assay, followed by carrying out in silico docking model. Entries 2 i–2 j, 2 l, and 2 g are novel compounds, among them, compound 2i manifested the highest antibacterial activity against both Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis; meanwhile, entries 2 i–2 j and 2 l showed significant antifungal activity toward Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, and Microsporum gypseum. Through in vitro approach, entry 2 i is the best derivative against human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line. Additionally, via in silico approach, entry 2 i reasonably explained drug delivery ligand against bacterium Streptococcus faecalis, moreover, entries 2 i–2 j and 2 l showed excellent antifungal activity, explained via enzyme inhibition mechanism against 2VF5. In silico, 2 i was proved to inhibit against sarcoma cancer cell line.
Design, Vibrational and Fluorescence Spectroscopic Properties, and Molecular Docking Studies of 3‐(5‐Bromobenzofuran‐3‐ylmethyl)‐5‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐4H‐[1,2,4]‐triazole by Experimental and Density Functional Theory Methods
Authors: Khemalapure Seema S. , Hiremath Sudhir M. , Basanagouda Mahantesha M. , Hiremath Chidanandayya S. , Koppal Varsha V. , Jeyaseelan S. Christopher
Published: May 2023

In this work, we have reported the spectral and several other properties of 3‐(5‐bromobenzofuran‐3‐ylmethyl)‐5‐(4‐methoxy‐phenyl)‐4H‐[1,2,4]triazole (BBT) molecule. Primarily, the experimental and computational analyses have been conducted for this molecule and compared the results. The computational studies have been conducted by Gaussian software with the help of DFT/B3LYP/6‐311++G (d, p) basis set. First, we have optimised BBT molecule to conduct the overall computational studies. The detailed computational and experimental vibrational analyses of BBT have been carried out. The electronic absorption and emission spectra of BBT have been observed in a variety of solvents with different solvent parameters like refractive index n, and dielectric constant ϵ. In solvatochromic studies, bathochromic (red) shift have observed in the absorption and emission spectra as an outcome of solute‐solvent interaction due to π →
transition. The solvent correlation methods experimentally investigated for the ground and excited‐state dipole moments. Along with these studies, we have also conducted Frontier Molecular Orbital (FMO) and Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) analyses. Further, Molecular docking and drug likeness studies have also been performed to determine the pharmacological properties of the title molecule.
Zinc‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Carbonate Derivatives
Authors: Itage Shivanand V. , Jadhav Krishna A. , Bhosle Siddhanath D. , Bhosale Rajesh S. , Singh Yadav Jillu
Published: May 2023

The present work provides a simple and mild method towards the synthesis of carbonate derivatives of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols. For various aliphatic and substituted aromatic alcohols the current carbonate formation protocol is suitable. With aliphatic alcohols, Zn‐mediated C−O bond formation occurs in 5 h, whereas with aromatic alcohols, it occurs in 11 h. The utility of zinc dust exhibits a 57–86 % yield of carbonates. Significant advantages of this method including environmentally friendly reaction conditions and the ability to tolerate a wide range of functional groups.
Synthesis of New Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines as Potential Antibacterial Agents: In Vitro and In Silico Study
Authors: Mekky Ahmed E. M. , Sanad Sherif M. H.
Published: May 2023

In this study, we aimed to establish two new series of pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines starting from 1H‐pyrazole‐3,5‐diamine. The first series was prepared by reacting 1H‐pyrazole‐3,5‐diamine with the appropriate enaminones in pyridine at 120 °C for 5–6 h to produce 7‐arylpyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines in 87–94 % yields. Furthermore, α,β‐unsaturated ketones was reacted with 1H‐pyrazole‐3,5‐diamine in ethanolic potassium hydroxide solution at 80 °C for 4 h to produce a second series of regioisomeric 5,7‐diarylpyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines in 88–96 % yields. The antibacterial activity of new products was tested against six different bacterial strains. Substituting para‐arene units at C5 and/or C7 on the pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine structure improved efficacy, with electron‐releasing substituents having the greatest impact. Some new pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine were found to be more effective than ciprofloxacin, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values up to 2.2 and 4.4 μM, respectively. These compounds were deemed to have drug‐like properties according to SwissADME and drug‐likeness model scores.
Direct Thiolation of the C(sp3)−H Bond Adjacent to Heteroatoms with Thiols under Alkaline Conditions
Authors: Qin Hui , Zhang Yiwen , Huang Ping
Published: May 2023

Herein, an operationally facile method for the construction of C−S bond through direct functionalization of C (sp3)−H bond adja‐cent to heteroatoms with thiols has been developed under weakly alkaline conditions. This methodology provides a convenient and efficient strategy to synthesize various aryl thioethers using a cheap and common solvent and base in moderate to good yields. The mechanistic studies indicate that a radical process is possibly involved and the sulfur radical (RS⋅) may be a reactive species during the transformations.