bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study of solvent selectivity on the crystal morphology of FOX-7 via a modified attachment energy model
Authors: Zhao Qiangli , Liu Ning , Wang Bozhou , Wang Wenliang
Published: June 2016

The crystal morphology of FOX-7 in different solvents was investigated via molecular dynamics simulations.
Hierarchical core–shell structure of ZnO nanotube/MnO2 nanosheet arrays on a 3D graphene network as a high performance biosensing platform
Authors: Asadian Elham , Shahrokhian Saeed , Zad Azam Iraji
Published: June 2016

A hierarchical core–shell structure composed of ZnO nanotubes/MnO2 nanosheets was fabricated via a two-step electrochemical deposition procedure on the surface of a 3D graphene network (3DGN) as a free-standing monolithic electrode.
A DFT study on the N2O reduction by CO molecule over silicon carbide nanotubes and nanosheets
Authors: Nematollahi Parisa , Esrafili Mehdi D.
Published: June 2016

In this work, we study the nitrous oxide (N2O) reduction by CO over zigzag (6,0) silicon carbide nanotubes (SiCNT) and nanosheets (SiCNS) by means of density functional theory calculations.
Microstructured macroporous adsorbent composed of polypyrrole modified natural corncob-core sponge for Cr(vi) removal
Authors: Zhang Jianqiao , Chen Huan , Chen Zi , He Jiaojie , Shi Wenxin , Liu Dongmei , Chi Huizhong , Cui Fuyi , Wang Wei
Published: June 2016

A high-performance, cost-effective and spongy adsorbent is rationally designed for Cr(vi) removal based on polypyrrole modified corncob-core natural microsheets.
Highly repeatable kinetically-independent synthesis of one- and two-dimensional silver nanostructures by oriented attachment
Authors: Marzbanrad A. Ehsan , Rivers Geoffrey , Rogalsky Allan , Lee-Sullivan Pearl , Zhao Boxin , Zhou Norman Y.
Published: June 2016

A repeatable and fast synthesis of one- and two-dimensional silver nanostructures with thickness of 20–25 nm, constructed from highly stable hexagonal and triangular nanoplates has been achieved.
High-density polyethylene/needle-like sepiolite clay nanocomposites: effect of functionalized polymers on the dispersion of nanofiller, melt extensional and mechanical properties
Authors: Pratap Singh Vishwa , Kapur G. S. , Shashikant Shashikant , Choudhary Veena
Published: June 2016

Influence of molar mass and polarity of PE-g-MA on different properties [Morphological, Melt extensional, Mechanical and Thermal] of HDPE/sepiolite nanocomposites is reported.
Bioinformatical analysis and preliminary study of the role of lipase in lipid metabolism in Mucor circinelloides
Authors: Zan Xinyi , Tang Xin , Zhao Lina , Chu Linfang , Chen Haiqin , Chen Wei , Chen Yong Q. , Song Yuanda
Published: June 2016

The filamentous fungusMucor circinelloideshas been widely used as a model organism to investigate the mechanisms of lipid accumulation.
Anionic metal–organic framework for high-efficiency pollutant removal and selective sensing of Fe(iii) ions
Authors: Gao Ming-Liang , Wei Na , Han Zheng-Bo
Published: June 2016

An anionic metal–organic framework, (DMA)2[Y9(μ3-OH)8(μ2-OH)3BTB6]n·(solv)x, (gea-MOF-1), is a novel rare earth (RE) nonanuclear MOF with an unusual gea topology that can be used as an adsorbent material for efficient removal of cationic dye MB+.
An efficient non-reaction based colorimetric and fluorescent probe for the highly selective discrimination of Pd0and Pd2+in aqueous media
Authors: Rasheed Lubna , Yousuf Muhammad , Youn Il Seung , Shi Genggongwo , Kim Kwang S.
Published: June 2016

A novel anthraquinone-imidazole based colorimetric and fluorogenic probe1discriminates the oxidation states of Pd0and Pd2+by naked eye with high selectivity in aqueous media due to the difference in coordination in the pocket of probe molecule.
Panchromatic engineering for efficient zinc oxide flexible dye-sensitized solar cells using porphyrin and indoline dyes
Authors: Syu Yu-Kai , Tingare Yogesh , Yeh Chen-Yu , Yang Jih-Sheng , Wu Jih-Jen
Published: June 2016

Panchromatic engineering of room temperature chemically assembled ZnO anodes with low acidity porphyrin and indoline dyes for use in flexible solar cells.
Facile synthesis of mesoporous melamine-formaldehyde spheres for carbon dioxide capture
Authors: Lv Zhongfei , Zhao Dandan , Xu Shiai
Published: June 2016

Greenhouse effect and excessive carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have caused widespread public concern in recent years.
Antifouling PVDF membrane grafted with zwitterionic poly(lysine methacrylamide) brushes
Authors: Liu Dapeng , Zhu Jing , Qiu Ming , He Chunju
Published: June 2016

Antifouling PVDF membranes were fabricated through the covalent binding of lysine methacrylamide (LysAA) brushes on the membrane surfaceviamussel-inspired surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP).
Controlled synthesis of mesoporous nanostructured anatase TiO2on a genetically modified Escherichia coli surface for high reversible capacity and long-life lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Xue Shuang-Hong , Xie Hao , Ping Hang , Xu Xiao-Mei , Li Jing , Yang Xiao-Yu , Fu Zheng-Yi , Su Bao-Lian
Published: June 2016

Deposition and mineralization of TiO2on genetically modifiedEscherichia colisurface has been achieved, leading to formation of a nanostructured anatase TiO2with enhanced electrochemical performance as anode electrodes of lithium-ion batteries.
One-pot green synthesis of silver nanocrystals using Hymenodictyon orixense: a cheap and effective tool against malaria, chikungunya and Japanese encephalitis mosquito vectors?
Authors: Govindarajan Marimuthu , Benelli Giovanni
Published: June 2016

Mosquitoes are important vectors of malaria, dengue, Zika virus and many other parasites and pathogens of public health relevance.
Fabrication of carbon and sulphur-doped nanocomposites with seaweed polymer carrageenan as an efficient catalyst for rapid degradation of dye pollutants using a solar concentrator
Authors: Chaudhary Jai Prakash , Mahto Ashesh , Vadodariya Nilesh , Kholiya Faisal , Maiti Subarna , Nataraj Sanna Kotrappanavar , Meena Ramavatar
Published: June 2016

Here we demonstrate direct use of sulphate rich seaweed polysaccharides, carrageenans, namely kappa (κ-), iota (ι-) and lambda (λ-) as a source of sulphur and carbon doping in TiO2 photocatalysts.
Synthesis and characteristics of biobased copolyester for thermal shrinkage film
Authors: Heo Young Min , Koo Jun Mo , Hwang Dong Ki , JaeGal Jong Gun , Hwang Sung Yeon , Im Seung Soon
Published: June 2016

A series of poly(1,4-cyclohexanedimethyl-trimethylene glycol terephthalate), (PCTG), co-polyesters were synthesized using 1,3-propanediol (PDO) and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) via melt polymerization.
Elucidation of the function of oxygen moieties on graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide in the nucleation and growth of silver nanoparticles
Authors: Spilarewicz-Stanek Kaja , Kisielewska Aneta , Ginter Joanna , Bałuszyńska Karolina , Piwoński Ireneusz
Published: June 2016

The goal of the presented investigation was to study the differences in the decoration of graphene sheets, having various amounts of oxygen containing functional groups, with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).
Fabrication of water-stable silk fibroin scaffolds through self-assembly of proteins
Authors: Yao Danyu , Liu Haifeng , Fan Yubo
Published: June 2016

An organic solvent-free approach was developed to make water-insoluble silk fibroin scaffolds. Compared to methanol treated scaffolds, these showed a lower β-sheet content and elasticity modulus, faster degradation rates and better cytocompatibility.
Activated carbon from nitrogen rich watermelon rind for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Mo Ru-Juan , Zhao Yang , Wu Min , Xiao Hong-Mei , Kuga Shigenori , Huang Yong , Li Jin-Pei , Fu Shao-Yun
Published: June 2016

Nitrogen rich biomass materials was selected as precursor of nitrogen-doped carbon materials for supercapacitor for the first time.
Thin-walled graphitic nanocages with nitrogen-doping as superior performance anodes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Hong Cheng Yang , Sheng Zhao Min , Hu Ming Hui , Dai Xian You , Chang Cheng Kang , Chen Qi Zhong , Zhang Dong Yun
Published: June 2016

N-Doped nanocages were prepared with thin-walled graphitic shells (∼1.2 nm), which enhanced electrochemical performance of the nanocages.
Facile fabrication of hierarchical carbon fiber–MoS2 ultrathin nanosheets and its tribological properties
Authors: Chen Beibei , Li Xiaofang , Li Xiang , Yang Jin , Peng Weixiang , Dong Jinze , Li Changsheng , Song Haojie
Published: June 2016

A novel lubricating material of hierarchical carbon fiber–MoS2 ultrathin nanosheets (CF–MoS2) was fabricated by one-step hydrothermal solution reaction method.
Effect of grafting density of the side chain on the microstructure and properties of proton exchange membranes based on polyvinyl alcohol and poly(ionic liquid)
Authors: Yang Yi , Sun Na , Zheng Liqiang
Published: June 2016

PEM with different grafting densities can form ionic clusters with different sizes.
Acetyl shikonin induces IL-12, nitric oxide and ROS to kill intracellular parasite Leishmania donovani in infected hosts
Authors: Charan Raja Mamilla R. , Srinivasan Sujatha , Subramaniam Shankar , Rajendran Narendran , Sivasubramanian Aravind , Kar Mahapatra Santanu
Published: June 2016

Acetyl shikonin (AS), a naphthoquinone isolated fromArnebia nobilis, was tested against visceral leishmaniasis in this study, revealing that AS provides a chemo-immunotherapeutic strategy against visceral leishmaniasis.
[RuV(NCN-Me)(bpy)(O)]3+mediated efficient photo-driven water oxidation
Authors: Patel Jully , Majee Karunamay , Padhi Sumanta Kumar
Published: June 2016

The complex [Ru(NCN-Me)(bpy)H2O](PF6)2acts as an active catalyst for the photo-driven oxidation of water, when employed with [Ru(bpy)3]2+as photosensitizer and Na2S2O8as sacrificial electron acceptor at pH 6.5 phosphate buffer, with a TON of 130.
One-step synthesis of chiral carbon quantum dots and their enantioselective recognition
Authors: Zhang Yalin , Hu Lulu , Sun Yue , Zhu Cheng , Li Rongsheng , Liu Naiyun , Huang Hui , Liu Yang , Huang Chengzhi , Kang Zhenhui
Published: June 2016

Chiral carbon quantum dots (l-carbon quantum dots, l-CQDs; and d-carbon quantum dots, d-CQDs) were synthesized through the facile hydrothermal treatment of carbonated citric acid and l-cysteine (or d-cysteine).
Factors that influence the degradation of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate by Fenton oxidation
Authors: Cheng Huan , Chen Guangshi , Qiu Yuping , Li Ben , Stenstrom Michael K.
Published: June 2016

TN and TOC removal of [C2mim][PF6] suggest a state of imidazole-ring-open during the Fenton degradation of [C2mim][PF6].
Intramolecular oxidative palladium-catalyzed diamination reactions of alkenyl sulfamates: an efficient synthesis of [1,2,5]thiadiazolo-fused piperazinones
Authors: Chiacchio Ugo , Broggini Gianluigi , Romeo Roberto , Gazzola Silvia , Chiacchio Maria A. , Giofrè Salvatore V. , Gabriele Bartolo , Mancuso Raffaella , Floresta Giuseppe , Zagni Chiara
Published: June 2016

A palladium-catalyzed diamination domino process of sulfamates arising from glycine allylamides is reported.
Halogen bonding in drug-like molecules: a computational and systematic study of the substituent effect
Authors: Adasme-Carreño Francisco , Muñoz-Gutierrez Camila , Alzate-Morales Jans H.
Published: June 2016

Systematic study of the effect of fourteen chemical groups at the ortho, para and meta positions of NMA⋯halobenzene complexes showed a significant influence on halogen bonding, and also non-additive effects. A comprehensive description is reported.
Correction: Mechanically strong, flexible and thermally stable graphene oxide/nanocellulosic films with enhanced dielectric properties
Authors: Beeran P. T. Yasir , Bobnar Vid , Gorgieva Selestina , Grohens Yves , Finšgar Matjaž , Thomas Sabu , Kokol Vanja
Published: June 2016

Correction for ‘Mechanically strong, flexible and thermally stable graphene oxide/nanocellulosic films with enhanced dielectric properties’ by Yasir Beeran P. T. et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 49138–49149.
Sulphur-doped Co3O4 nanowires as an advanced negative electrode for high-energy asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Xu Wei , Chen Jiahui , Yu Minghao , Zeng Yinxiang , Long Yongbing , Lu Xihong , Tong Yexiang
Published: June 2016

Negative electrode materials with high capacitance performance are highly desired for asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs).
Robust and superhydrophobic thiourethane bridged polysilsesquioxane aerogels as potential thermal insulation materials
Authors: Zou Fangxin , Yue Peng , Zheng Xinghua , Tang Dawei , Fu Wenxin , Li Zhibo
Published: June 2016

Novel thiourethane bridged polysilsesquioxane aerogels prepared by a sol–gel process and vacuum drying method exhibit extraordinary mechanical properties and low thermal conductivity.
An electrodeposited cobalt–selenide-based film as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for full water splitting
Authors: Xu Xiujuan , Du Puyu , Chen Zongkun , Huang Minghua
Published: June 2016

An amorphous cobalt–cobalt oxide/cobalt selenide composite film has been fabricated directly on a 3D macro-porous Ni foam substrate by a facile electrodeposition method, which can be an efficient and cheap bifunctional electrocatalyst for both the OER and HER and offer potential applications in the field of full water splitting.
Ultrasensitive responsive photonic crystal films derived from the assembly between similarly charged colloids and substrates towards trace electrolyte sensing
Authors: Zhang Jing , Tian Yu , Ji Wen-Qing , Zhu Zhijie , Wang Cai-Feng , Chen Su
Published: June 2016

Ultrasensitive responsive photonic crystal films were constructed towards trace electrolyte sensing and anti-fake applications.
The PP-motif in luminal loop 2 of ZnT transporters plays a pivotal role in TNAP activation
Authors: Fujimoto Shigeyuki , Tsuji Tokuji , Fujiwara Takashi , Takeda Taka-aki , Merriman Chengfeng , Fukunaka Ayako , Nishito Yukina , Fu Dax , Hoch Eitan , Sekler Israel , Fukue Kazuhisa , Miyamae Yusaku , Masuda Seiji , Nagao Masaya , Kambe Taiho
Published: June 2016

Secretory and membrane-bound zinc-requiring enzymes are thought to be activated by binding zinc in the early secretory pathway. One such enzyme, tissue-non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), is activated through a two-step mechanism, via protein stabilization and subsequent enzyme activation through metalation, by ZnT5–ZnT6 heterodimers or ZnT7 homodimers. However, little is known about the molecular basis underlying the activation process. In the present study, we found that the di-proline motif (PP-motif) in luminal loop 2 of ZnT5 and ZnT7 is important for TNAP activation. TNAP activity was significantly reduced in cells lacking ZnT5–ZnT6 heterodimers and ZnT7 homodimers [triple knockout (TKO) cells]. The decreased TNAP activity was restored by expressing hZnT5 with hZnT6 or hZnT7, but significantly less so (almost 90% less) by expressing mutants thereof in which the PP-motif was mutated to alanine (PP-AA). In TKO cells, overexpressed hTNAP was not completely activated, and it was converted less efficiently into the holo form by expressing a PP-AA mutant of hZnT5 with hZnT6, whose defects were not restored by zinc supplementation. The zinc transport activity of hZnT7 was not significantly impaired by the PP-AA mutation, indicating that the PP-motif is involved in the TNAP maturation process, although it does not control zinc transport activity. The PP-motif is highly conserved in ZnT5 and ZnT7 orthologues, and its importance for TNAP activation is conserved in the Caenorhabditis elegans hZnT5 orthologue CDF5. These results provide novel molecular insights into the TNAP activation process in the early secretory pathway.
Treating Speech Comprehensibility in Students With Down Syndrome
Authors: Yoder Paul J. , Camarata Stephen , Woynaroski Tiffany
Published: June 2016

Purpose

This study examined whether a particular type of therapy (Broad Target Speech Recasts, BTSR) was superior to a contrast treatment in facilitating speech comprehensibility in conversations of students with Down syndrome who began treatment with initially high verbal imitation.

Method

We randomly assigned 51 5- to 12-year-old students to either BTSR or a contrast treatment. Therapy occurred in hour-long 1-to-1 sessions in students' schools twice per week for 6 months.

Results

For students who entered treatment just above the sample average in verbal-imitation skill, BTSR was superior to the contrast treatment in facilitating the growth of speech comprehensibility in conversational samples. The number of speech recasts mediated or explained the BTSR treatment effect on speech comprehensibility.

Conclusion

Speech comprehensibility is malleable in school-age students with Down syndrome. BTSR facilitates comprehensibility in students with just above the sample average level of verbal imitation prior to treatment. Speech recasts in BTSR are largely responsible for this effect.
Speech Sound Disorders: What's Motor Got To Do With It?
Authors: Grigos Maria I.
Published: June 2016

Speech sound disorders (SSDs) are commonly viewed as involving impaired articulation and/or phonological skills. Speech language pathologists working with individuals with (SSDs) assess the articulation of speech sounds and the coordination of articulatory structures with other components of the speech mechanism, including the phonatory, respiratory, and resonatory subsystems. The sound system of the language and the rules that govern how phonemes are combined are equally critical for clinicians to explore. While the terms “articulation” and “phonology” provide clinicians with a framework for classification, children who are broadly identified with (SSDs) may also display characteristics of a motor speech impairment, which can obscure the decision making process with respect to both diagnosis and treatment. One such motor speech disorder is childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). The focus of this paper is to discuss motor speech deficits in children and to review research that aims to distinguish motor speech patterns in children with (SSDs) with and without CAS. We will also address the relationship between emerging speech motor and linguistic skills.
Thickened Liquids = Substandard Oral Fluid Intake = Dehydration. Is It Really That Simple?
Authors: McGrail Anne
Published: June 2016

“Thickened liquids” generally elicits a negative reaction to those who have had experience with them. The altered taste, texture, and consistency of thickened liquids has long been thought to be the primary reason for substandard fluid intakes in patients with dysphagia who are restricted to thickened liquids. However, recent studies suggest that individuals who have no restrictions on liquid consistency also exhibit substandard fluid intake. Factors including functional deficits post-stroke, environmental barriers, and the amount of fluids offered have been reported to influence oral fluid intake for hospitalized individuals regardless of liquid viscosity. While thickened liquids have received criticism for contributing to dehydration, another treatment in dysphagia, the “Water Protocol,” has generated a positive response in improving not only quality of life, but also hydration while maintaining respiratory health. Despite recent studies suggesting that aspirating water does not result in adverse events in individuals who are known to aspirate, there are many unreported variables that could alter the outcomes. Dysphagia severity, or more specifically, aspiration characteristics, may influence how well an individual tolerates a water protocol. Understanding the variables that can influence outcomes in dysphagia research is crucial before a treatment can be considered efficacious.
Lowered voltage quality and load‐carrying capacity of induction motors
Authors: Gnaciński Piotr , Pepliński Marcin
Published: June 2016

Induction machines are simultaneously exposed to various power quality disturbances such as voltage deviation, voltage unbalance, and voltage waveform distortions. Lowered voltage quality may cause an increase in windings temperature rise, and consequently thermal loss of machine operational life. An effective method of protection of induction motors against overheating is derating – appropriate reduction of the load. Presently used derating methods have significant limitations. For some applications, they are either too complicated or too inaccurate. This study presents a novel derating method of an induction machine supplied with voltage of lowered quality. The proposed method was experimentally verified for three induction cage motors. The scope of this study is limited to low‐power totally enclosed induction cage machines.
Optimal sampling interpolation over a plane from transient bi‐polar near‐field data
Authors: D'Agostino Francesco , Ferrara Flaminio , Gennarelli Claudio , Guerriero Rocco , Migliozzi Massimo
Published: June 2016

The non‐redundant sampling representations of electromagnetic fields are properly applied in this study to develop an optimal sampling interpolation formula over a plane in the time domain (TD) from a minimum number of bi‐polar near‐field data. To this end, the ultra wide band antennas typically employed for communication applications and modern radars and characterised by a quasi‐planar geometry are modelled as enclosed either in an oblate ellipsoid or in a flexible surface formed by two circular bowls with the same aperture diameter, but with eventually different lateral bends. In both the cases, numerical examples, assessing the effectiveness of the TD interpolation schemes, are shown.
Current source back‐to‐back converter for wind energy conversion systems
Authors: Abdelsalam Ibrahim , Adam Grain Philip , Williams Barry W.
Published: June 2016

This study proposes a new back‐to‐back current source converter (BTB‐CSC) suitable for medium‐voltage high power wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). It employs a dual three‐phase permanent magnet synchronous generator and two current source inverters with a phase‐shift transformer at the grid side. The proposed BTB‐CSC has the following advantages: reduced power circuit and control complexity; low switching losses (zero switching losses at the inverter side); and independent control of active and reactive powers. Power system computer aided design (PSCAD)/electromagnetic transients including DC (EMTDC) simulations are used as to assess the steady state and dynamic behaviour of the proposed system under different operating conditions. It is shown that the proposed WECS can ride‐through ac faults. Experimental results from scaled prototype of the proposed WECS are used to validate the simulations.
Influence of thermal ageing and electrical discharges on uninhibited olive oil properties
Authors: Reffas Abderrahim , Idir Omar , Ziani Abderrahmane , Moulai Hocine , Nacer Azzeddine , Khelfane Ilhem , Ouagueni Mourad , Beroual Abderrahmane
Published: June 2016

In recent years, significant attention has been paid to biodegradable vegetable oils as an alternative to mineral insulating oils. This study presents the influence of electrical discharges and thermal stress on the variation of the properties of uninhibited olive oil. This latter constitutes a serious environmentally friendly and renewable substitute for currently used mineral oils. The investigated properties are: dielectric loss factor and permittivity, resistivity, acid number, cinematic viscosity, water content, breakdown voltage, flash point and colour index. To analyse the effect of thermal stress, the uninhibited olive oil was aged in sealed bottles at 110°C for durations up to 716 h. As concerns the electrical stress, series of 200 up to 1600 low energy discharges are applied under 50 Hz alternating divergent electric field. Frequency domain spectroscopy has also been performed in order to assess the oil behaviour in a large frequency range (20 Hz–1 MHz). The real part of the complex dielectric permittivity of oil tends to increase with ageing. The obtained results show an acceptable stability with regard to thermal ageing and even an improvement of the oil key properties when submitted to discharges of controlled low energy level.
Transient thermal variation in stator winding of nuclear power turbo‐generator with the inner sudden water brake
Authors: Wang Likun , Li Weili , Chen Wen
Published: June 2016

For nuclear power turbo‐generators, the transient thermal variation of its winding and its insulation is one of the important performance indices. For a long time, there have been some occasional accidents at nuclear power stations such as hydrogen and fuel rod leakage. These accidents affect the economy and the safety of people. In this study, a transient temperature variation mechanism of stator winding strands and insulation with a stator water brake has been researched. On account of the stator slot being an open structure, the resistance and reactance are different along the radial direction of the slot. It results in the heat source being different for different strands in the stator slot. The resistance enhancement coefficient of the stator strands is calculated based on the analysis of the eddy‐current of magnetic field. A transient fluid‐thermal coupled model of a 1000 MW nuclear power turbo‐generator stator is established regarding the resistance enhancement coefficient. Calculation results of the insulation temperature are compared with the test data of the turbo‐generator that is used at a nuclear power plant.
Development of thin quartz glass utilising through‐glass‐via (TGV) formation by dry etching technology
Authors: Tang Yu‐Hsiang , Lin Yu‐Hsin , Shiao Ming‐Hua , Yu Chih‐Sheng
Published: June 2016

The manufacturing process of through‐glass‐via (TGV) structure and direct implications on the design of quartz‐based interposer applications for three‐dimensional integrated circuit packaging technology is presented. First detailed substrate thickness formed by dry etching with various associated structures based on the use of thin quartz as a substrate material was analysed. Then, the holes etched in glass wafers by photolithography and inductively coupled plasma‐reactive ion etching techniques was evaluated. The fabricated TGV morphology showed an excellent characterisation between substrate thickness, via diameter, and via shape for a vertical interposer. Finally, TGV structure with a diameter of 50 µm × 150 µm thin quartz wafer exhibit high usability for thin wafer processing with the optimised fabrication parameters was obtained.
Arbeitslosigkeit und Sucht – Das SUNRISE-Projekt
Authors: Scherbaum N. , Specka M. , Kaspar C. , Mikoteit T. , Lieb B.
Published: June 2016

Ziel der Studie: Im SUNRISE-Projekt werden Langzeitarbeitslose (SGB II) der Altersgruppe 25–49 Jahre im Auftrag des JobCenters in Hinblick auf das Vorliegen substanzbezogener Störungen und Arbeitsfähigkeit begutachtet. In der vorliegenden Studie sollen etwaige Defizite in der Schul- und Berufsausbildung, substanzbezogene und andere psychische Störungen sowie der zeitliche Zusammenhang zwischen Arbeitslosigkeit und substanzbezogener Störung dargestellt werden.

Methodik: Leistungsempfänger, bei denen Sachbearbeiter des JobCenters das Vorliegen einer substanzbezogenen Störung vermuteten, stellten sich zur sozialmedizinischen Begutachtung vor. Die Klienten wurden mit dem Europ-ASI interviewt, Diagnosen psychischer Störungen erfolgten mithilfe des SKID.

Ergebnisse: Bei 87 der ersten 100 begutachteten Personen wurde eine substanzbezogene Störung diagnostiziert, meist eine alkoholbezogene Störung, oft auch mehrere substanzbezogene Störungen. Die Betroffenen waren im Durchschnitt 40 Jahre alt (SD 8,5) und zu 83,9% männlich. 51,2% hatten die Schule nicht über Klasse 9 hinaus absolviert, 55,2% verfügten über keine abgeschlossene Berufsausbildung. Die mediane längste Dauer einer sozialversicherungspflichtigen Tätigkeit betrug 3 Jahre. 51,7% erhielten weitere psychiatrische Diagnosen. Die substanzbezogene Störung hatte zumeist bereits im Jugend- bzw. im jungen Erwachsenenalter begonnen. Nur bei einer Minderheit (7,4%) war die aktuelle Arbeitslosigkeit zeitlich dem Beginn des regelmäßigen Konsums der Haupt-Problemsubstanz vorausgegangen.

Schlussfolgerung: Das SUNRISE-Projekt wurde erfolgreich implementiert. Die untersuchten Langzeitarbeitslosen waren in hohem Ausmaß belastet von Defiziten in der Schul- und Berufsausbildung, von früh beginnenden substanzbezogenen Störungen sowie von weiteren psychischen Störungen. Die substanzbezogene Störung entwickelte sich also nicht erst nach Beginn der Arbeitslosigkeit bei zuvor beruflich integrierten Personen. Vielmehr handelt es sich um eine Gruppe komplex psychosozial belasteter Personen. Hier sind die Sektoren Arbeitsmarkt und Gesundheitssystem übergreifende Maßnahmen notwendig.
Soziale Ungleichheit bei der Inanspruchnahme onkologischer Versorgungsangebote
Authors: Hofreuter-Gätgens K. , Klein J. , Fisch M. , Graefen M. , Schlotfeldt T. , Witzel I. , von dem Knesebeck O.
Published: June 2016

Fragestellung: Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, inwieweit soziale Ungleichheiten bei der Inanspruchnahme von Maßnahmen nach akutstationärer Behandlung bei Prostata- und Brustkrebspatienten bestehen.

Methodik: Die Daten stammen aus einer prospektiven, multizentrischen Beobachtungsstudie. Studienteilnehmer waren 483 primärerkrankte Patienten mit Brust- oder Prostatakrebs (UICC-Stadien 0-IV) im Alter zwischen 18 und 65 Jahren. Die Patienten wurden nach der Operation sowie 6 Monate später schriftlich zur Inanspruchnahme psychosozialer Maßnahmen, medizinischer Rehabilitation und alternativkomplementärer Medizin (CAM) befragt. Der soziale Status wurde durch die Indikatoren Beruf, Bildung und Einkommen erfasst. Zudem wurde der Krankenversichertenstatus abgefragt. Für die Analyse wurden logistische Regressionen getrennt nach Tumorlokalisation unter Kontrolle von Alter und erkrankungsbezogenen Faktoren wie Erkrankungsschwere und psychische Komorbidität durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse: Die Zusammenhänge zwischen sozialer Ungleichheit und der Inanspruchnahme variieren in Abhängigkeit der erfassten Ungleichheitsindikatoren und der nachstationären Versorgungsangebote. Am stärksten und konsistentesten sind die Zusammenhänge bei der Inanspruchnahme von CAM. Diese Angebote werden verstärkt durch Patienten mit einem hohen sozialen Status und privater Krankenversicherung in Anspruch genommen. Bei der Rehabilitation zeigen sich hingegen eher schwache und inkonsistente Ungleichheiten. Zudem sind die Ungleichheiten bei Prostatakrebspatienten schwächer ausgeprägt als bei Brustkrebspatientinnen.

Schlussfolgerung: Es bestehen inkonsistente soziale Ungleichheiten bei der Inanspruchnahme von Maßnahmen nach akutstationärer Behandlung bei Prostata- und Brustkrebspatienten. Es bleibt zu klären, inwieweit diese Ungleichheiten auf Zugangsbarrieren, unterschiedliche Informiertheit oder unterschiedliche Präferenzen zurückzuführen sind.
Kaum aktuelle Daten zu Zweitmeinungsverfahren vorhanden – eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit
Authors: Ali J. , Pieper D.
Published: June 2016

Ziel der Studie: Mit dem Versorgungsstärkungsgesetz wurde Mitte 2015 § 27 b SGB V zur Zweitmeinung (ZM) in Deutschland gesetzlich verankert. Dies räumt den Versicherten in der GKV einen Rechtsanspruch auf eine ärztliche ZM bei planbaren operativen Eingriffen ein. Die zu berücksichtigenden Eingriffe sollen vom Gemeinsamen Bundesausschuss (G-BA) in Form einer Richtlinie festgelegt werden. Das Ziel dieser systematischen Übersichtsarbeit ist es, bisherige Ergebnisse aus vorhandenen Publikationen zu ZM im Bereich der elektiven operativen Eingriffe darzustellen und darauf hin zu analysieren, welche Eingriffe sich für die Einholung einer ZM am besten eignen.

Methodik: Die Datenbanken Medline und Embase, sowie zusätzlich Proquest und google scholar wurden im März 2015 recherchiert. Eingeschlossen wurden alle Primärstudien zu elektiven operativen Eingriffen aus der Chirurgie, Orthopädie oder Gynäkologie, die Übereinstimmungsraten zwischen Erst- und Zweitmeinung berichteten. Die Studienselektion und Studienbewertung wurde von 2 Gutachtern unabhängig voneinander durchgeführt. Unstimmigkeiten wurden bis zum Konsens ausdiskutiert Die Ergebnisse und Studiencharakteristika wurden im Anschluss extrahiert und analysiert.

Ergebnisse: Insgesamt erfüllten 17 Studien die Einschlusskriterien, wovon alle bis auf eine aus den USA stammten. Nur 3 Studien wurden in diesem Jahrtausend publiziert, während der Großteil der Studien Ende der 70er bis Mitte der 80er publiziert wurde. Die Übereinstimmungsraten variieren insgesamt sehr stark von 43,0% bis 95,5%. Hysterektomien (n=6), Cholezystektomien (n=5) und Knieoperationen (n=5) wurden am häufigsten in den Studien untersucht. Die Übereinstimmungsrate zwischen Erst- und Zweitmeinung betrug bei obligatorischer Zweitmeinung im Median für diese Eingriffe 77,9% (Spannweite: 72,7–92,0%), 92,0% (88,2–95,5%) bzw. 85,6% (76,1–93,5%) und bei freiwilliger Zweitmeinung 63,0% (58,0–66,7%) und 87,0% (78,0–87,9%), während für die Knieoperationen zu wenig Daten vorlagen.

Schlussfolgerung: Die vorhandene Datenlage ist stark veraltet, so dass kaum aktuelle Daten vorhanden sind. Für Deutschland liegen gar keine Daten vor. Es bleibt daher auch unklar, auf welcher Grundlage der G-BA die Auswahl für die entsprechende Richtlinie treffen wird. Die Ergebnisse lassen dennoch den Schluss zu, dass von ZM ein erhebliches Potenzial für das Gesundheitswesen ausgehen kann. ZM-Programme sollten im Rahmen kontrollierter Studien erprobt werden.
Knowledge Entrepreneurship: Institutionalising Wiki-based Knowledge-management Processes in Competitive and Hierarchical Organisations
Authors: Argyris Young ‘Anna’ , Ransbotham Sam
Published: June 2016

Social media in general and wikis in particular offer unique opportunities for knowledge management. Despite widely publicised successes in public settings, wikis in businesses evince mixed results; enterprises struggle to apply wikis to institutionalise knowledge-management practices. We investigate the inherent tensions underlying knowledge-sharing in competitive and hierarchical organisations. Our application of the multi-level organisational learning framework demonstrates that, although wikis facilitate some important learning stages, other critical challenges remain. A unique blend of project leadership can facilitate the institutionalisation of wiki-based knowledge-management processes. To observe the leadership archetype, we use a longitudinal case study of wiki use within a division of NBC Universal. On the basis of our observations, we propose a new archetype of project leadership called Knowledge Entrepreneurship that integrates managerial skills, technology affordances, and critical factors in knowledge-management processes.
Understanding Individual User Resistance and Workarounds of Enterprise Social Networks: The Case of Service Ltd
Authors: Choudrie Jyoti , Zamani Efpraxia D
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this study is to explore the use of Enterprise Social Networks (ESN), namely, Yammer and Chatter, using the lens of resistance and deployment of workarounds among individuals employed in a large, service sector organization. By doing so, we can illustrate the motivation behind individual use of ESN within a large organization, the reasons for not using it and the outcomes of their choices on the organization's performance and day-today activities. The research approach of our study involves employing a qualitative approach and adopting the interpretive research perspective. Our findings illustrate that there are several bottom-up and top-down pressures, which effectively hinder the adequate or successful use of ESN and drive user resistance and workarounds. The contributions of our study are manifold. First, since ESN are actively considered by organizations, our findings can inform policymakers on the issues that might arise beyond implementation, more so, during the actual use of the system. In other words, the results of this research can shed light on the areas where their efforts are best placed. At a theoretical level, our study enriches the extant literature associated with adoption issues, by explaining that ESN involve multi-level organizational characteristics found within a specific context of use, that of ESN.
Graph-based linear scaling electronic structure theory
Authors: Niklasson Anders M. N. , Mniszewski Susan M. , Negre Christian F. A. , Cawkwell Marc J. , Swart Pieter J. , Mohd-Yusof Jamal , Germann Timothy C. , Wall Michael E. , Bock Nicolas , Rubensson Emanuel H. , Djidjev Hristo
Published: June 2016

We show how graph theory can be combined with quantum theory to calculate the electronic structure of large complex systems. The graph formalism is general and applicable to a broad range of electronic structure methods and materials, including challenging systems such as biomolecules. The methodology combines well-controlled accuracy, low computational cost, and natural low-communication parallelism. This combination addresses substantial shortcomings of linear scaling electronic structure theory, in particular with respect to quantum-based molecular dynamics simulations.
A state interaction spin-orbit coupling density matrix renormalization group method
Authors: Sayfutyarova Elvira R. , Chan Garnet Kin-Lic
Published: June 2016

We describe a state interaction spin-orbit (SISO) coupling method using density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) wavefunctions and the spin-orbit mean-field (SOMF) operator. We implement our DMRG-SISO scheme using a spin-adapted algorithm that computes transition density matrices between arbitrary matrix product states. To demonstrate the potential of the DMRG-SISO scheme we present accurate benchmark calculations for the zero-field splitting of the copper and gold atoms, comparing to earlier complete active space self-consistent-field and second-order complete active space perturbation theory results in the same basis. We also compute the effects of spin-orbit coupling on the spin-ladder of the iron-sulfur dimer complex [Fe2S2(SCH3)4]3−, determining the splitting of the lowest quartet and sextet states. We find that the magnitude of the zero-field splitting for the higher quartet and sextet states approaches a significant fraction of the Heisenberg exchange parameter.
Quantitative scanning thermal microscopy of graphene devices on flexible polyimide substrates
Authors: Sadeghi Mir Mohammad , Park Saungeun , Huang Yu , Akinwande Deji , Yao Zhen , Murthy Jayathi , Shi Li
Published: June 2016

A triple-scan scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) method and a zero-heat flux laser-heated SThM technique are investigated for quantitative thermal imaging of flexible graphene devices. A similar local tip-sample thermal resistance is observed on both the graphene and metal areas of the sample, and is attributed to the presence of a polymer residue layer on the sample surface and a liquid meniscus at the tip-sample junction. In addition, it is found that the tip-sample thermal resistance is insensitive to the temperature until it begins to increase as the temperature increases to 80 °C and exhibits an abrupt increase at 110 °C because of evaporation of the liquid meniscus at the tip-sample junction. Moreover, the variation in the tip-sample thermal resistance due to surface roughness is within the experimental tolerance except at areas with roughness height exceeding tens of nanometers. Because of the low thermal conductivity of the flexible polyimide substrate, the SThM measurements have found that the temperature rise in flexible graphene devices is more than one order of magnitude higher than those reported for graphene devices fabricated on a silicon substrate with comparable dimensions and power density. Unlike a graphene device on a silicon substrate where the majority of the electrical heating in the graphene device is conducted vertically through the thin silicon dioxide dielectric layer to the high-thermal conductivity silicon substrate, lateral heat spreading is important in the flexible graphene devices, as shown by the observed decrease in the average temperature rise normalized by the power density with decreasing graphene channel length from about 30 μm to 10 μm. However, it is shown by numerical heat transfer analysis that this trend is mainly caused by the size scaling of the thermal spreading resistance of the polymer substrate instead of lateral heat spreading by the graphene. In addition, thermoelectric effects are found to be negligible compared to Joule heating in the flexible graphene devices measured in this work.
Magnetic properties and magnetic reversal process of exchange-coupled Nd2Fe14B/α″-Fe16N2 bilayers
Authors: Fan Jiuping , Liang Ruiyan , Bai Yuhao , Yang Yang , Sun Juan , Jiang Yannan , Wang Fang , Xu Xiaohong
Published: June 2016

The hysteresis loops and the magnetic reversal process of exchange-coupled Nd2Fe14B/α″-Fe16N2 bilayers, with a deviation angle of easy axis β from the applied magnetic field direction and different thicknesses of soft phase were investigated using the object-oriented micromagnetic framework. Results show that a deviation of easy axis in Nd2Fe14B/α″-Fe16N2 bilayers can affect the magnetic properties and significantly decrease the energy product and coercivity. The remanence increases, whereas the coercivity of the bilayers drops monotonically, with the increase in thickness of the soft magnetic layer (Ls). A well-oriented bilayer with Ls = 4 nm exhibits the largest maximum energy product (i.e., 881.67 kJ/m3), which is larger than that of the other common exchange spring materials that we calculated. Therefore, the proposed nanocomposite magnet is one of the most promising exchange spring systems to achieve maximum energy product.
HOCCO versus OCCO: Comparative spectroscopy of the radical and diradical reactive intermediates
Authors: Dixon Andrew R. , Xue Tian , Sanov Andrei
Published: June 2016

We present a photoelectron imaging study of three glyoxal derivatives: the ethylenedione anion (OCCO−), ethynediolide (HOCCO−), and glyoxalide (OHCCO−). These anions provide access to the corresponding neutral reactive intermediates: the OCCO diradical and the HOCCO and OHCCO radicals. Contrasting the straightforward deprotonation pathway in the reaction of O− with glyoxal (OHCCHO), which is expected to yield glyoxalide (OHCCO−), OHCCO− is shown to be a minor product, with HOCCO− being the dominant observed isomer of the m/z = 57 anion. In the HOCCO/OHCCO anion photoelectron spectrum, we identify several electronic states of this radical system and determine the adiabatic electron affinity of HOCCO as 1.763(6) eV. This result is compared to the corresponding 1.936(8) eV value for ethylenedione (OCCO), reported in our recent study of this transient diradical [A. R. Dixon, T. Xue, and A. Sanov, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 54, 8764–8767 (2015)]. Based on the comparison of the HOCCO−/OHCCO− and OCCO− photoelectron spectra, we discuss the contrasting effects of the hydrogen connected to the carbon framework or the terminal oxygen in OCCO.
Charged particle tracking through electrostatic wire meshes using the finite element method
Authors: Devlin L. J. , Karamyshev O. , Welsch C. P.
Published: June 2016

Wire meshes are used across many disciplines to accelerate and focus charged particles, however, analytical solutions are non-exact and few codes exist which simulate the exact fields around a mesh with physical sizes. A tracking code based in Matlab-Simulink using field maps generated using finite element software has been developed which tracks electrons or ions through electrostatic wire meshes. The fields around such a geometry are presented as an analytical expression using several basic assumptions, however, it is apparent that computational calculations are required to obtain realistic values of electric potential and fields, particularly when multiple wire meshes are deployed. The tracking code is flexible in that any quantitatively describable particle distribution can be used for both electrons and ions as well as other benefits such as ease of export to other programs for analysis. The code is made freely available and physical examples are highlighted where this code could be beneficial for different applications.
Electric field effect thermoelectric transport in individual silicon and germanium/silicon nanowires
Authors: Brovman Yuri M. , Small Joshua P. , Hu Yongjie , Fang Ying , Lieber Charles M. , Kim Philip
Published: June 2016

We have simultaneously measured conductance and thermoelectric power (TEP) of individual silicon and germanium/silicon core/shell nanowires in the field effect transistor device configuration. As the applied gate voltage changes, the TEP shows distinctly different behaviors while the electrical conductance exhibits the turn-off, subthreshold, and saturation regimes, respectively. At room temperature, peak TEP value of ∼300 μV/K is observed in the subthreshold regime of the Si devices. The temperature dependence of the saturated TEP values is used to estimate the carrier doping of Si nanowires.
Dynamics of bulk electron heating and ionization in solid density plasmas driven by ultra-short relativistic laser pulses
Authors: Huang L. G. , Kluge T. , Cowan T. E.
Published: June 2016

The dynamics of bulk heating and ionization is investigated both in simulations and theory, which determines the crucial plasma parameters such as plasma temperature and density in ultra-short relativistic laser-solid target interactions. During laser-plasma interactions, the solid density plasma absorbs a fraction of laser energy and converts it into kinetic energy of electrons. A portion of the electrons with relativistic kinetic energy goes through the solid density plasma and transfers energy into the bulk electrons, which results in bulk electron heating. The bulk electron heating is finally translated into the processes of bulk collisional ionization inside the solid target. A simple model based on the Ohmic heating mechanism indicates that the local and temporal profile of bulk return current is essential to determine the temporal evolution of bulk electron temperature. A series of particle-in-cell simulations showing the local heating model is robust in the cases of target with a preplasma and without a preplasma. Predicting the bulk electron heating is then benefit for understanding the collisional ionization dynamics inside the solid targets. The connection of the heating and ionization inside the solid target is further studied using Thomas-Fermi model.
High quality electron beam acceleration by ionization injection in laser wakefields with mid-infrared dual-color lasers
Authors: Zeng Ming , Luo Ji , Chen Min , Mori Warren B. , Sheng Zheng-Ming , Hidding Bernhard
Published: June 2016

For the laser wakefield acceleration, suppression of beam energy spread while keeping sufficient charge is one of the key challenges. In order to achieve this, we propose bichromatic laser ionization injection with combined laser wavelengths of 2.4 μm and 0.8 μm for wakefield excitation and triggering electron injection via field ionization, respectively. A laser pulse at 2.4 μm wavelength enables one to drive an intense acceleration structure with a relatively low laser power. To further reduce the requirement of laser power, we also propose to use carbon dioxide as the working gas medium, where carbon acts as the injection element. Our three dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that electron beams at the GeV energy level with both low energy spreads (around 1%) and high charges (several tens of picocoulomb) can be obtained by the use of this scheme with laser peak power totaling sub-100 TW.