Traumatismes de Lâ€™abdomen en Milieu Africain : Aspects Ã‰pidÃ©miologiques, Diagnostiques, et ThÃ©rapeutiques
Authors: G. L. Hermann Belemlilga , Cyprien ZarÃ© , Nassirou YabrÃ© , Namori Keita , Roland SomÃ© O. , Gustave Sanon B. 
Published: August 2020

Introduction : La prise en charge des plaies et contusions delâ€™abdomen est bien codifiÃ©e avec lâ€™existence dâ€™algorithmes. Au Burkina Faso,les ressources humaines, les moyens diagnostiques et thÃ©rapeutiques sontlimitÃ©s. A cet Ã©gard, lâ€™objectif de cette Ã©tude Ã©tait dâ€™Ã©tudier les aspectsÃ©pidÃ©miologiques, diagnostiques et thÃ©rapeutiques des traumatismes delâ€™abdomen. Patients et mÃ©thodes : Lâ€™Ã©tude en question Ã©tait descriptiverÃ©trospective, durant deux ans allant de janvier 2017 Ã  dÃ©cembre 2018 au CHUSourÃ´ Sanou de Bobo-Dioulasso. Les patients inclus avaient un diagnostic deplaie ou de contusion de lâ€™abdomen. Les patients ayant un dossier incompletont Ã©tÃ© exclus. RÃ©sultats : Durant lâ€™Ã©tude lâ€™information de 63 patients a Ã©tÃ©colligÃ©e, 51 hommes et 12 femmes. Lâ€™Ã¢ge moyen Ã©tait de 22 ans. Les accidentsde la circulation routiÃ¨re Ã©taient au nombre de 25. Parmi ces traumatismesfiguraient 39 contusions et 24 plaies de lâ€™abdomen. Une instabilitÃ©hÃ©modynamique Ã©tait prÃ©sente chez 15 patients. Les prÃ©sentations cliniquesÃ©taient : 25 cas de douleurs abdominales, 14 cas dâ€™hÃ©mopÃ©ritoine, 12 cas desyndrome pÃ©ritonÃ©al, 9 cas dâ€™Ã©viscÃ©ration. Les lÃ©sions de la rate Ã©taient prÃ©sentes dans huit cas. Les polytraumatismes Ã©taient au nombre de 16.Lâ€™Ã©chographie abdominale Ã©tait rÃ©alisÃ©e dans 19 cas, lâ€™ASP dans 22 cas. Letraitement chirurgical a Ã©tÃ© rÃ©alisÃ© chez 26 patients. La laparotomie Ã©tait nonthÃ©rapeutique (ne nÃ©cessitant pas de geste chirurgical spÃ©cifique) chez 15patients. Les complications postopÃ©ratoires comportaient cinq cas desuppuration pariÃ©tale, un cas de pÃ©ritonite postopÃ©ratoire. Le dÃ©cÃ¨s Ã©taitsurvenu chez huit (12,7%) patients et la durÃ©e dâ€™hospitalisation moyenne Ã©taitde 8,5 jours. Conclusion : Les traumatismes de lâ€™abdomen concernent lesadultes jeunes de sexe masculin, et sont dus aux accidents de la circulationroutiÃ¨re. Lâ€™ASP et lâ€™Ã©chographie au lit du patient ne sont pasrÃ©alisÃ©es. Le tauxde laparotomie non thÃ©rapeutique est Ã©levÃ© ainsi que la mortalitÃ©.
Introduction: The management of wounds and contusions of theabdomen is well codified with the existence of algorithms. In Burkina Faso,human resources, diagnostic and therapeutic means are limited. This paperfocuses on studying the epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of trauma in the abdomen. Patients and Methods: This study employs adescriptive retrospective for two years beginning from January 2017 toDecember 2018 in SourÃ´ Sanou University Hospital of Bobo-Dioulasso. Thepatients included in the study were diagnosed with a wound or contusion ofthe abdomen. Patients with incomplete records were excluded. Results:During the study, the data of 63 patients were collected, 51 men and 12women. The mean age was 22 years old. There were 25 road traffic accidents.Among these injuries were 39 bruises and 24 abdominal wounds.Hemodynamic instability was present in 15 patients. The clinical presentationswere: 25 cases of abdominal pain, 14 cases of hemoperitoneum, 12 cases ofperitoneal syndrome, and 9 cases of evisceration. Lesions of the spleen werepresent in 8 cases and there were 16 polytrauma cases. Abdominal ultrasoundwas performed in 19 cases, abdominal X-rays in 22 cases. Surgical treatmentwas carried out in 26 patients. Laparotomy was non-therapeutic (not requiringa specific surgical procedure) in 15 patients. Postoperative complicationsincluded five cases of parietal suppuration, one case of postoperativeperitonitis. Death occurred in eight (12.7%) patients. The average length ofhospital stay was 8.5 days. Conclusion: Trauma to the abdomen is of interestto young adult males, and it occurs majorly due to traffic accidents. Abdominalx-rays and patient bedside ultrasound are not performed. The rate of nontherapeutic laparotomy is high as well as the mortality.