bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Image Analysis and Understanding Techniques for Breast Cancer Detection from Digital Mammograms
Authors: Srivastava Subodh , Sharma Neeraj , Singh S.K.
Published: August 2013

In this chapter, an overview of recent developments in image analysis and understanding techniques for automated detection of breast cancer from digital mammograms is presented. The various steps in the design of an automated system (i.e. Computer Aided Detection [CADe] and Computer Aided Diagnostics (CADx)] include preparation of image database for classification, image pre-processing, mammogram image enhancement and restoration, segmentation of Region Of Interest (ROI) for cancer detection, feature extraction of selected ROIs, feature evaluation and selection, and classification of selected mammogram images in to benign, malignant, and normal. In this chapter, a detailed overview of the various methods developed in recent years for each stage required in the design of an automated system for breast cancer detection is discussed. Further, the design, implementation and performance analysis of a CAD tool is also presented. The various types of features extracted for classification purpose in the proposed tool include histogram features, texture features, geometric features, wavelet features, and Gabor features. The proposed CAD tool uses fuzzy c-means segmentation algorithm, the feature selection algorithm based on the concepts of genetic algorithm which uses mutual information as a fitness function, and linear support vector machine as a classifier.
De-Noising, Clustering, Classification, and Representation of Microarray Data for Disease Diagnostics
Authors: Baharadwaj Nitin , Wadhwa Sheena , Goel Pragya , Sethi Isha , Arora Chanpreet Singh , Goel Aviral , Bhatnagar Sonika , Parthasarathy Harish
Published: August 2013

A microarray works by exploiting the ability of a given mRNA molecule to bind specifically to the DNA template from which it originated under specific high stringency conditions. After this, the amount of mRNA bound to each DNA site on the array is determined, which represents the expression level of each gene. Qualification of the mRNA (probe) bound to each DNA spot (target) can help us to determine which genes are active or responsible for the current state of the cell. The probe target hybridization is usually detected and quantified using dyes/flurophore/chemiluminescence labels. The microarray data gives a single snapshot of the gene activity profile of a cell at any given time. Microarray data helps to elucidate the various genes involved in the disease and may also be used for diagnosis /prognosis. In spite of its huge potential, microarray data interpretation and use is limited by its error prone nature, the sheer size of the data and the subjectivity of the analysis. Initially, we describe the use of several techniques to develop a pre-processing methodology for denoising microarray data using signal process techniques. The noise free data thus obtained is more suitable for classification of the data as well as for mining useful information from the data. Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Autocorrelation were explored for denoising the data. We also used microarray data to develop the use of microarray data as diagnostic tool in cancer using One Dimensional Fourier Transform followed by simple Euclidean Distance Calculations and Two Dimensional MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC). To improve the accuracy of the diagnostic tool, Volterra series were used to model the nonlinear behavior of the data. Thus, our efforts at denoising, representation, and classification of microarray data with signal processing techniques show that appreciable results could be attained even with the most basic techniques. To develop a method to search for a gene signature, we used a combination of PCA and density based clustering for inferring the gene signature of Parkinson’s disease. Using this technique in conjunction with gene ontology data, it was possible to obtain a signature comprising of 21 genes, which were then validated by their involvement in known Parkinson’s disease pathways. The methodology described can be further developed to yield future biomarkers for early Parkinson’s disease diagnosis, as well as for drug development.
Detection of Cancer from Microscopic Biopsy Images Using Image Processing Tools
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Srivastava Rajeev
Published: August 2013

Presently, most cancer diagnosis is based on human visual examination of images in a qualitative manner. Human visual grading for microscopic biopsy images is very time-consuming, subjective, and inconsistent due to inter-and intra-observer variations. A more quantitative and reproducible approach for analyzing biopsy images is highly desired. In biopsy images, the characteristics of nuclei are the key to estimate the degree of malignancy. The microscopic biopsy images always suffer from the problem of impurities, undesirable elements, and uneven exposure. Thus, there is a need of an automatic cancer diagnosis system based on microscopic biopsy images using image-processing tools. Therefore, the cancer and its type will be detected in a very early stage for complete treatment and cure. This system helps pathologists to improve the accuracy and efficiency in detection of malignancy and to minimize the inter observer variation. In addition, the method may help physicians to analyze the image cell by using classification and clustering algorithms by staining characteristics of the cells. The various image-processing steps involved for cancer detection from biopsy images include acquisition, enhancement, segmentation, feature extraction, image representation, classification, and decision-making. With the help of image, processing tools the sizes of cells, nuclei, and cytoplasm as well as the mean distance between two nearest neighboring nuclei are estimated by the system.
Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT)
Authors: Bera Tushar Kanti , Nagaraju J.
Published: August 2013

Looking into the human body is very essential not only for studying the anatomy and physiology, but also for diagnosing a disease or illness. Doctors always try to visualize an organ or body part in order to study its physiological and anatomical status for understanding and/or treating its illness. This necessity introduced the diagnostic tool called medical imaging. The era of medical imaging started in 1895, when Roentgen discovered the magical powerful invisible rays called X-rays. Gradually the medical imaging introduced X-Ray CT, Gamma Camera, PET, SPECT, MRI, USG. Recently medical imaging field is enriched with comparatively newer tomographic imaging modalities like Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT), Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), and Photoacaustic Tomography (PAT). The EIT has been extensively researched in different fields of science and engineering due to its several advantages. This chapter will present a brief review on the available medical imaging modalities and focus on the need of an alternating method. EIT will be discussed with its physical and mathematical aspects, potentials, and challenges.
Research and Developments in Medical Image Reconstruction Methods and its Applications
Authors: Tiwari Shailendra , Srivastava Rajeev
Published: August 2013

Image reconstruction from projection is the field that lays the foundation for Medical Imaging or Medical Image Processing. The rapid and proceeding progress in medical image reconstruction, and the related developments in analysis methods and computer-aided diagnosis, has promoted medical imaging into one of the most important sub-fields in scientific imaging. Computer technology has enabled tomographic and three-dimensional reconstruction of images, illustrating both anatomical features and physiological functioning, free from overlying structures.In this chapter, the authors share their opinions on the research and development in the field of Medical Image Reconstruction Techniques, Computed Tomography (CT), challenges and the impact of future technology developments in CT, Computed Tomography Metrology in industrial research & development, technology, and clinical performance of different CT-scanner generations used for cardiac imaging, such as Electron Beam CT (EBCT), single-slice CT, and Multi-Detector row CT (MDCT) with 4, 16, and 64 simultaneously acquired slices. The authors identify the limitations of current CT-scanners, indicate potential of improvement and discuss alternative system concepts such as CT with area detectors and Dual Source CT (DSCT), recent technology with a focus on generation and detection of X-rays, as well as image reconstruction are discussed. Furthermore, the chapter includes aspects of applications, dose exposure in computed tomography, and a brief overview on special CT developments. Since this chapter gives a review of the major accomplishments and future directions in this field, with emphasis on developments over the past 50 years, the interested reader is referred to recent literature on computed tomography including a detailed discussion of CT technology in the references section.
Automatic MRI Brain Image Segmentation Using Gravitational Search-Based Clustering Technique
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Chhabra Jitender Kumar , Kumar Dinesh
Published: August 2013

Image segmentation plays an important role in medical imaging applications. In this chapter, an automatic MRI brain image segmentation framework using gravitational search based clustering technique has been proposed. This framework consists of two stage segmentation procedure. First, non-brain tissues are removed from the brain tissues using modified skull-stripping algorithm. Thereafter, the automatic gravitational search based clustering technique is used to extract the brain tissues from the skull stripped image. The proposed algorithm has been applied on four simulated T1-weighted MRI brain images. Experimental results reveal that proposed algorithm outperforms the existing techniques in terms of the structure similarity measure.
Survey of Medical Image Compression Techniques and Comparative Analysis
Authors: Geetha P.
Published: August 2013

Today digital imaging is widely used in every application around us like Internet, High Definition TeleVision (HDTV), satellite communications, fax transmission, and digital storage of movies and more, because it provide superior resolution and quality. Recently, medical imaging has begun to take advantage of digital technology, opening the way for advanced medical imaging and teleradiology. However, medical imaging requires storing, communicating and manipulating large amounts of digital data. Applying image compression reduces the storage requirements, network traffic, and therefore improves efficiency. This chapter provides the need for medical image compression; different approaches to image compression, emerging wavelet based lossy-lossless compression techniques, how the existing recent compression techniques work and also comparison of results. After completing this chapter, the reader should have an idea of how to increase the compression ratio and at the same time maintain the PSNR level compared to the existing techniques, desirable features of standard compression techniques such as embededness and progressive transmission, how these are very useful and much needed in the interactive teleradiology, telemedicine and telebrowsing applications.
Identification and ecological characterisation ofChoristoneura occidentalis(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) populations in southwestern Alberta, Canada
Authors: Brunet Bryan M.T. , Hundsdoerfer Anina E. , Sperling Felix A.H.
Published: August 2013

The western spruce budworm,Choristoneura occidentalisFreeman (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is an important pest of western North American coniferous forests, where its principal larval host is Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir,Pseudotsuga menziesiisubspeciesglauca(Beissner) Murray (Pinaceae). In southwestern Alberta, Canada, populations were recently discovered feeding on an unconventional host, an Engelmann spruce,Picea engelmanniiParry ex. Engelmann × white spruce,Picea glauca(Moench) Voss hybrid (Pinaceae), in a transition zone between the two major forest types characterised by these conifer species. We use molecular evidence to verify the species identity of outbreakingChoristoneurapopulations collected from Douglas-fir and hybrid spruces in southwestern Alberta in 2009, and characterise the larval and male moth phenology. Both mitochondrial and microsatellite markers confirmed these populations asC. occidentalis, but admixture withChoristoneura fumiferana(Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) was detected in some individuals. Few differences associated with separate host trees were evident in the phenology of larvae and the flight period of male moths.
From ‘catechetical theology’ to ‘religious educational theology’
Authors: Rothgangel Martin
Published: August 2013

The article aims at a reflection on the concept ‘religious educational theology’. Three aspects are addressed, namely, (1) the relationship between ‘catechetical theology’ and ‘religious educational theology’; (2) the potential significance of ‘religious educational theology’; and (3) the relationship between ‘religious educational theology’ and ‘systematic theology’.
Patronage and clientelism in the fourth gospel
Authors: Mbamalu Abiola
Published: August 2013

Patronage and clientelism as a social-scientific model is used in this article to read the fourth gospel. It is the contention of the article that this model affords the reader fresh vistas of meaning that otherwise would have remained unexplored. It is a reading amongst other readings and does not make pretensions to illuminate every segment of the fourth gospel. Rather, it selectively looks at areas where reading against the backdrop of a patron-client model illuminates the text. This reading sheds light on the greatest gift Jesus came to give, the gift of life as a beneficium, and affirms that the signs that Jesus performed are commendationes. Jesus brokers the blessings of the kingdom to those who believe in him on behalf of the father who is the ultimate patron. Jesus also challenges popular notions of patronage by performing acts reserved for slaves by, for example, washing the feet of his disciples.In hierdie artikel word die begrippe begunstiging en kliëntskap as ’n sosiaal-wetenskaplike model vir die verstaan van die vierde evangelie aangewend. Die doel van hierdie artikel is om aan die leser ’n nuwe begrip te bied wat andersins onontgin sou bly. Die teks van die vierde evangelie word vanuit een invalshoek onder ander invalshoeke gelees en daar word nie voorgegee dat elke segment van hierdie betrokke evangelie daardeur belig sal kan word nie. Daar word vanuit ’n selektiewe invalshoek gefokus op sekere dele waarin die teks verlig word deur perspektiewe wat deur die beskermheer-kliënt model gebied word. So ’n fokus beklemtoon juis die grootste geskenk wat Jesus Christus aan die mensdom gee, naamlik die gawe van lewe. Jesus gee namens die Vader, wie die uiteindelike beskermheer is, die seëninge van die koninkryk aan diegene wat in Hom glo. Terselfdertyd daag Jesus ook die aanvaarde model rakende die draagwydte van beskermheer-skap uit deur verskeie handelinge wat vir slawe gereserveer was, self te verrig, soos dit blyk uit die was van sy dissipels se voete.
Creation and the revelation of God’s children: Liberation of enslaved bodies
Authors: Breytenbach Cilliers
Published: August 2013

In the first part of the article the role of Romans 8:18–30, within Romans 5:1–8:39, is briefly discussed. In the second part a summary of the argument of Romans 7:7–17, as presupposition for the understanding of Romans 8:18–30, is given. In the third part a close reading of Romans 8:18–30 is given, followed by concluding remarks. The article illustrates that Paul’s line of thought moves from the future transformation of the believers to the transformation of the creation.In die eerste deel van die artikel word die rol van Romeine 8:18–30 as deel van Romeine 5:1–8:39, kortliks bespreek. In die tweede deel word ‘n samevatting van die argument van Romeine 7:7–17 gegee – dit is die voorveronderstelling om Romeine 8:18–30 te verstaan. In die derde deel word ’n noukeurige uitleg van Romeine 8:18–30 gegee, gevolg deur slotopmerkings. Die artikel illustreer dat Paulus, op grond van die toekomstige transformasie van die gelowiges, afsluit met die idee dat die skepping volkome verander sal word.
Die verhouding tussen die Ou Testament en Nuwe Testament heilshistories oorweeg
Authors: Van der Watt J. G.
Published: August 2013

The relation between the Old Testament and the New Testament salvation historically considered The way in which the early Christians approached the Old Testament in the light of the Christ event is first investigated. On theological, soteriological and historical level a strong relationship between the two Testaments was acknowledged. This relationship can be defined further in terms of fulfilment, continuity and discontinuity. As the coming of Christ was soteriologically determinative, the status of modern man in this respect is the same as that of the early Christians. In continuity with the early Christians who today can also read the Old Testament in the light of fulfilment, continuity and discontinuity which characterises the theological, soteriological and historical relationship between the Testaments.
Die besweringsrefrein in Hooglied 2:7, 3:5 en 8:4 – ‘Moenie die liefde rypdruk nie’ of ‘Steur ons nie in ons liefde nie’
Authors: Viviers H.
Published: August 2013

The refrain of adjuration in Song of Songs 2:7, 3:5 and 8:4: “Don’t arouse young love prematurely” or “don’t interrupt our love” The refrain of adjuration in Song of Songs 2:7,3:5 and 8:4 has to date mainly been explained in two ways, viz. a warning against young love that is aroused prematurely (cf Nuwe Afrikaanse Bybelvertaling) or an earnest request not to disturb the two lovers in their lovemaking (e.g. Good New Bible). Lovemaking between man and woman occurs in every context which immediately precedes the refrain and in that of which the refrain is a part. The second explanation, the request not to be interrupted, would be much more applicable here than the moralising first explanation. The tenor of the book as a whole also seems to favour the second explanation, because the Song of Songs is not a moralising book!
Fokus op die Ned Geref Kerk binne die Ekumeniese toneel in Suid-Afrika
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: August 2013

Firstly, reasons are given why the unity of the church is important. Then follows a brief historical overview of the ecumenical involvement of the Dutch Reformed Church of South Africa. Despite a good track record through the years, the 1960s witnessed a growing tendency towards isolation supported from within and outside the DRC.
VIGS — dié keer deur ’n Sendingkundige bril
Authors: Meiring P. G. J.
Published: August 2013

AIDS — from a missiological angle As concern for the rising pandemic, AIDS, continues to grow across the globe, so does the body of books, articles, and conference resolutions devoted to the subject. Theologians, too, had no option but to take serious note of “the black death” of modem times. Since 1981, when the disease was first identified and named, numerous documents in the field of missions and missiology have been published, looking at the dangers and challenges of the AIDS era, from their own peculiar vantage point.
Miga in konfrontasie met die leiers van die volk: ’n Kritiese ondersoek na A S van der Woude se Miga-analise
Authors: Strydom J. G.
Published: August 2013

Micah in confrontation with the leaders of the people: A critical investigation Into A S van der Woude’s Micah analysis With his Micah commentary (1976) van der Woude went in a different direction and shed new light on the understanding of the book of Micah. The main thrust of his threefold theory is that Micah 2-5 has to be understood as a dispute between Micah and his pseudo-prophetical opponents. The aim of this article is twofold. On the one hand a critical analysis of this theory is done, amongst other things by making use of a formal analysis of the text of Micah. On the other hand I focus on Van der Woude himself as partner in the discussion, paying special attention to the method he uses.
Kerk en genesing - ’n historiese oorsig
Authors: Brown E.
Published: August 2013

The church and healing - an historical survey The church is concerned with healing. This is evident in Scripture and church history. The problem is that differing practices and assumptions to heal the sick were developed in the course of time by Christians. The church historian realizes how necessary it is to scrutinize the concepts of "the church" and "healing" in a Scriptural sense. The church is God’s concern for man as a corporalitas animae. Healing is part of its calling and ministry. It is no special ministry endowed to particular individuals. The church and healing is God's doing promised in his Word and realized by his Spirit. In doing so He uses the elder within the congregation, the minister and the medical doctor.
African Indigenous Churches (AICs) and development
Authors: Kritzinger J. J.
Published: August 2013

Development is one of the most important topics for discussion and action in the Third World. It is however an extremely controversial subject. Taking as point of departure the nowadays generally accepted notion that all development must actually benefit the people concerned in a wholistic way, this article attempts to contribute to the discussion by criticising some general notions and indicating some of the pitfalls in development thinking.
Verslag: ‘Society of Biblical Literature (SBL) 1989 International Meeting’, 6 tot 9 Augustus 1989 te Kopenhagen, Denemarke; en ‘The XIII Congress of the International Organization for the study of the Old Testament (IOSOT)’, 27 Augustus tot 1 September 19
Authors: Prinsloo W. S.
Published: August 2013

"Society of Biblical Literature (SBL) 1989 International Meeting". 6-9 August 1989, Copenhagen, Denmark; and "The XIII Congress of the International Organization for the study of the Old Testament (IOSOT)". 27 August to 1 September 1989, Leuven, Belgium This article is a report on the IOSOT Congress at Leuven. Belgium, and the SBL Congress in Copenhagen, Denmark. It contains brief summaries of the more important papers read and indicates some of the more significant trends which emerged at the two congresses.
Esegiël 16: Weggooikind, spogbruid of ontroue vrou?
Authors: Swanepoel M. G.
Published: August 2013

Ezekiel 16: Abandoned child, bride adorned or unfaithful wife? Ezekiel 16:1-63 uses different metaphors in bringing its message home. For instance it uses the shocking metaphor of immorality in order to eliminate the false confidence in human merit. We find Yahweh in this text as an outraged and exasperated lover. The pendulum swings in Ezekiel 16. metaphorically, from an abandoned child of suspect parentage (judgement) to ceremonies of fetching the bride (restoration); from a wedding (restoration) to a prostitute who pays her lovers (judgement); and from the disgraceful conduct of her daughters (judgement) to a new everlasting covenant (restoration). This is a mirror image from life with a meaning for life. Opposites meet in this text: Here is magnificent mercy, regardless of filth and vileness; and then the love of Yahweh in spite of the evil of man. The purpose: A new understanding and appreciation of Yahweh.
Analise van die opbou, argumentasiegang en pragmatiek van die Galatebrief: ‘n Eerste oriëntering
Authors: Du Toit A. B.
Published: August 2013

Analysis of the structure, argument and pragmatics of Galatians: An initial orientation Initially three methodological pitfalls regarding the analysis of the overall structure of Galatians are discussed: that of historical reconstruction of its polemical situation, of the rhetorical model and of the bipartite Pauline division between theological exposition and paraenesis. Then the macrostructural relations, the argument and the pragmatics of Galatians are analysed. Two main sections are identified, the first (Galatians 1:11-4:11) consisting of a double argument for the legitimacy of Paul's gospel, the second (4:12-6:10) being an appeal concentrating on Christian freedom.
Die wording van ’n Suid-Afrikaanse kerkhistoriese bibliografie: ’n Historiese en bibliografiese oorsig
Authors: Hofmeyr J. W.
Published: August 2013

The making of a South African church historical bibliography: An historical and bibliographic survey The compilation of the History of the church in Southern Africa: a select bibliography of published material (compiled and edited by J W Hofmeyr and K E Cross) is discussed especially in historical perspective. The prime purpose of this article is to provide information both for the continuation of the project itself and to give for various purposes the outsider an insight into the compilation of a bibliography of this nature.
Skrifgebruik in die beoordeling van uitsprake oor die doodstraf
Authors: Klopper F.
Published: August 2013

Use of Scripture in the evaluation of statements regarding capital punishment The thesis of this article holds that in modern society it is not possible to rest findings for or against capital punishment solely upon Scriptural testimony. A relational view of Scripture is adopted which takes into account that the text is historically determined; was meant to fulfil a particular function in an ancient society and was therefore written from a perspectivist view on reality. It denies that Scriptural norms are directly applicable to all times and in every situation.
Gottes Reue. Zum theologischen Verständnis Gottes als Subjekt der hebräischen Wurzel nhm
Authors: Balzer H. R.
Published: August 2013

The Regret of God. On the theological relevance of God as subject of the Hebrew verb nhm Professor JA Heyns and others regard God's 'regret' of His own plans or actions in the Old Testament, expressed by the Hebrew verb nhm, as part of the dogmatic problem of ‘anthropomorphism’ against general presupposition like His immutability. However, an exegetical investigation indicates that this virtual aporia as well as the supposed polysemy of nhm, i.e. ‘regret’ and ‘comfort’, is mainly caused by our own unspoken ‘ontological’ and therefore ‘absolute’ and ‘objective’ view on God. In a non-ontological perspective, focusing on concrete relations, the ‘regret’ of God must on the contrary be seen as expression for the stability and continuity of the deus absconditus towards humankind.
Burgerlike Ongehoorsaamheid
Authors: Heyns J. A.
Published: August 2013

Civil Disobedience For a twofold reason civil disobedience is currently a well known phenomenon not only in South Africa but also in different countries in the rest of the world. Firstly because it is practised by more people more frequently as a means of solving political problems, and secondly because more people are justifying it on theological grounds. After an attempt at a satisfactory definition an analysis is made of civil disobedience from a social ethical perspective. Certain fundamental aspects then come under scrutiny and the principal background for civil disobedience is supplied. Having given a short critical evaluation the article ends with some positive guideliness.
Enkele kritiese opmerkinge oor die kategetiese beoefening binne die Ned Geref Kerk
Authors: Breytenbach H. S.
Published: August 2013

Critical remarks on Religious Education in the Dutch Reformed Church A few statistics are mentioned in this article, and conclusions are drawn from them. Then faith-instruction in the Old and New Testaments is discussed. Religious education is first and foremost, the task of the parents, but officially also the task of the congregation. The congregation must learn to make religious education their own responsibility. In the congregation you learn to believe, and faith is stimulated. The author closes with ten critical statements in an attempt to show a way for religious education in the DRC.
Die God wat skep en herskep - ekologie en menseverhoudinge in Kolossense
Authors: Du Plessis I. J.
Published: August 2013

The God who creates and restores - ecology and human relations within Colossians We are living in a world which has become very aware of the dangers of the pollution of our common environment and the destruction of the delicate balance of our ecology. Although the letter to the Colossians was written almost 2000 years ago it is surprising how much can be gathered by means of guidelines and principles with regard to these matters. Although Paul and the Colossians were not aware of the specific ecological problems that we face, there are nevertheless certain impulses in this letter which could guide us to a more balanced outlook with regard to these matters.
Oor paradigmas en progressie in die teologie
Authors: Le Roux J. H.
Published: August 2013

On paradigms and progression in theology An important book. Paradigms and progress in theology, appeared in 1988. It contains contributions by some well-known South African scholars on paradigms and progress in theology. This book also reflects some important trends in South African theology. To illustrate this point the "paradigms" and "progress" in the study of the New Testament have been investigated. One of the main problems of South African Biblical scholarship concerns the historical understanding of the Bible. It has been approached from many angles and many answers have been proffered. The article concludes with a few guidelines for further theological discussion.
Psalm 96: Israël en de volken
Authors: Beuken W. A. M.
Published: August 2013

Psalm 96: Israel and the Nations A text immanent reading of Psalm 96 reveals an unlimited salvation-universalism. Israel's experience that her God surpasses the gods of the nations in solicitude and power persuades her that she should make room for these nations by her side “in the presence of YHWH”. Subsequently, this hospitality inspires Israel to prophetically proclaim YHWH’s kingship to these same nations. This confession does not only hold a guarantee for Israel herself but also offers certainty to the inhabitants of the world in their concern for the continued existence of the cosmos. Thus, side by side with the nations, Israel begins to share with them her expectation of the coming of YHWH as a hopeful prospect. God’s coming will not happen as a special favour for Israel but as a revelation of his faithfulness.
Perspektiewe op die stand van die Ou-Testamentiese wetenskap in Groot Brittanje
Authors: Prinsloo W. S.
Published: August 2013

Perspectives on the position of the study of the Old Testament in Great Britain This article is the result of conversations with a number of leading Old Testament scholars in Great Britain. It attempts to identify important trends in the Old Testament discipline in Great Britain, and to indicate its relevance for the study of the Old Testament in South Africa.
Sosiale geregtigheid: ’n Perspektief uit die Jeremiaboek
Authors: Wessels W. J.
Published: August 2013

Social justice: A perspective from the book of Jeremiah The whole concern for a just society, is a major issue in the book of Jeremiah. This is especially true as far as the kingship is concerned. Jeremiah 22:13-17 serves as an excellent example to explain the prophet's view on the current leader’s role in creating and maintaining a just society. In the eyes of the prophet, king Jehoiakim has failed in this respect, whereas his father Josiah is regarded as one who has knowledge of Yahweh, reflected in his just conduct.
Uitbranding by die predikant: ’n Sistemiese perspektief
Authors: Muller J. C.
Published: August 2013

Burnout amongst ministers of religion: A systemic perspective In contrast to fatigue or stress, burnout is a syndrome which is the result of a long process of imbalance between pressure and resources. The author argues that there are no simple solutions in crash courses or seminars on stress. The phenomenon of burnout can only be explained and resolved through a systems perspective. The pastor participates in two basic systems: the work and love system. When he experiences conflict between these two, it could easily lead to burnout. Except for resolving the problems within the systems, the ideal is for the pastor to participate in a third system, a system that functions as a peer group.
Geweld, die Ou Testament en ’n nuwe Suid-Afrika
Authors: Snyman S. D.
Published: August 2013

Violence, the Old Testament and a new South Africa In the light of the current violence in South Africa the question posed in the paper is the question on how the appearance of violence in the Old Testament should be evaluated from a theological point of view. After a brief survey of the present state of research on this theme, a theological insight into the problem of violence in the Old Testament is proposed. Finally, the relevance of this theme for a new South Africa is pointed out.
Cartographers, canons and cuckoos - historiography of the study of the Old Testament
Authors: Bosman H. L.
Published: August 2013

There is no obvious place for the historian of Old Testament studies amongst his exegetical and theological colleagues and little interest has been shown in this aspect of Old Testament studies. Some scholars view historians of science as intellectual cartographers of their discipline’s unrelenting "progress" through the ages.
’n Retoriese benadering tot die Nuwe Testament
Authors: Brink H. J. B.
Published: August 2013

A rhetorical approach to the New TestamentAlthough a rhetorical approach to the New Testament implies careful attention to certain stylistic features of the text, it also entails a greater awareness of the social dimensions of the interpretation of the Bible. Attention is given to the gradual resurgence of rhetorical studies. The relevance of rhetorical criticism for New Testament studies is also discussed.
The church in Africa and the struggle for an African identity
Authors: Crafford D.
Published: August 2013

The church in Africa experienced a tremendous growth during the twentieth century but is still in search of a true African identity. How can the church, in a process of enculteration, remain genuinely African and genuinely biblical? The role of African Traditional Religion, African Theology and the African Independent Church in the search for identity is described. In the end an effort is made to answer the question how the identity crisis in Africa can be solved.
Jesus van Nasaret se bevrydende visie vir ’n geweldadige samelewing
Authors: Joubert S. J.
Published: August 2013

Jesus of Nazareth’s liberating vision for a violent society All political, economical and religious power in first century Palestine were in the hands of less than 5% of the population. This gave rise to a situation of "social rootlessness" among and different violent responses from many Jewish pedants. Within this society, characterized by "ideological" and physical violence, Jesus of Nazareth proclaimed an encompassing new reality, the Kingdom of God. In this regard He not only offered salvation to the victims of violence, hut also expected a new, violent-free, orientation and code of conduct towards God and all human beings from his followers.
Verbond en sosiale prediking - Sosiale aspekte in die teologie van Deuteronomium
Authors: Kloppers M. H. O.
Published: August 2013

Covenant and social preaching - Social aspects in the theology of Deuteronomy Deuteronomy is generally viewed as a book containing clear covenant elements. The question posed in this article is to what extent social preaching is connected with covenant preaching within the scope of the theology of Deuteronomy. To answer this question a series of pericopes dealing with matters like slavery, poverty and other ethical and social aspects is scrutenized. Some results are offered giving quite positive answers to the question.
Poverty - The road ahead. A theological perspective
Authors: Meiring P. G. J.
Published: August 2013

The article focuses on the role of the Church in combating poverty in South Africa. After a brief discussion of Biblical perspectives on poverty, an overview of the involvement of the Church throughout history, especially during the second half of the 20th century, is given.
The Sanctity of human life. A perspective from New Testament anthropology
Authors: Van Zyl H C.
Published: August 2013

The article deals with sanctity of life issues such as abortion, euthanasia, treatment of the disabled, war, and capital punishment. These matters are not treated individually but collectively from the perspective of New Testament anthropology. Having taken care of a few methodological considerations, the main focus falls on a discussion of man as sinner, man in Christ, and the category of the least.
Die Christologiese en Pneumatologiese grondslag van die homiletiek: Perspektiewe vanuit A. A. van Ruler se denke
Authors: Vos C. J. A.
Published: August 2013

The ChristologicaI and Pneumatological basis of homiletics Perspectives from A. A. van Ruler’s reflections A. A. van Ruler’s thorough thinking about the differences between the Christological and Pneumatological structures indicates a way for homiletics. In this article the homiletic perspectives which arise from Van Ruler’s reflections are exploited.
Wetenskaplikheid en konfessionaliteit van die teologie: Enkele gesigspunte in verband met die teologiebegrip van J. A. Heyns
Authors: Wethmar C. J.
Published: August 2013

The scientific and religious nature of theology: a few issues raised by the concept of theology in the work of J. A. Heyns This article investigates the notion of theology in the work of J. A. Heyns. The embeddedness of Heyns’ usage of this concept in the tradition of Reformed thought and in particular in H. G. Stoker’s philosophy of science is traced. The advantage of this influence on the theology of Heyns is discussed and a few as yet unresolved issues are indicated.
’n Huldigingsartikel: Johan Heyns - Man van die kerk
Authors: Meiring P. G. J.
Published: August 2013

Johan Heyns - Man of the church Johan Heyns’ ministry in the Dutch Reformed Church spans a period of forty years. During these years he left an indelible mark on the life and the work of the Church, in the congregations he served, at universities where he taught, as well as in synodical and ecumenical meetings.
The Beloved Disciple
Authors: Busse U.
Published: August 2013

The identity of the "Beloved Disciple" in the Gospel according to John remains an unsolved problem and should therefore be investigated again. The different appearances of the "Beloved Disciple" in the Gospel are discussed, inter alia in a social-historical perspective. The role of the "Beloved Disciple" as literary figure could have been taken by any disciple who had faith and read the Gospel as it was intended and thus recognized the truth about Jesus Christ. As children of God such people are however included in the household of this disciple, whom Jesus loved.
Liggaamstaal in gebed: ’n Nuwe-Testamentiese perspektief
Authors: Du Toit A. B.
Published: August 2013

Bodily posture in prayer: A New Testament perspective The New Testament does not prescribe any specific bodily postures or gestures for praying. All three universal postures, viz that of standing, kneeling and prostration, are repeatedly mentioned in the New Testament documents without comment. Directives are, however, given on the spiritual attitudes which should influence bodily expression. In deciding on different options for today the importance of socio-cultural conventions should be kept in mind. In line with the New Testament and the early church fathers it can be considered to express humility, contrition and supplication by kneeling and/or bowing the head (while standing or sitting), and to praise God while standing erect, with or without uplifting of the hands.
Eskatologie in die boek Sefanja
Authors: Kirkpatrick J. D.
Published: August 2013

Eschatology in Zephaniah That the hook Zephaniah is of an eschatological nature, is posed as a hypothesis. This means that the judgement and salvation themes in the hook occur in such a relationship that it can he described as eschatology. Judgement in Zephaniah has the characteristics of a radical and final judgement with which the past is relativised. The judgement thus implies the end of a period. The salvation promises create the expectation of a new period brought about by Jahwe. The radical judgement words and promises of salvation are combined in such a manner that separately and combined they form part of the eschatological concepts of the Old Testament.
Nogeens: Sending en Evangelisasie. Onderlinge verhouding, draagwydte en strukturering
Authors: Kritzinger J. J.
Published: August 2013

Yet again: mission and evangelism. Mutual relationship, range and structuring In the past the distinction between "mission" and "evangelism" was usually seen in an outreach to different categories of people. Mission, it was said, has to do with "not-yet-Christians", whereas evangelism tries to win hack "no-more-Christians". The theological reason for the distinction was the presence or absence of (previous) covenant relations. Nowadays it is preferred to differentiate rather on the basis of an understanding of the essence of the two activities. Mission is understood as the broader activity of the church’s involvement with the world, while evangelism is seen as the explicitly evangelising dimension of mission.
Die Apologetiek van C. S. Lewis: ’n Gereformeerd-Teologiese besinning - Deel 2
Authors: Brand G. V W.
Published: August 2013

The apologetics of C. S. Lewis: a Reformed theological reflection - Part 2In this, the second part of a two part study, in which the validity of C. S. Lewis’s apologetics is evaluated from a Reformed perspective, the author explains the apologetic approach of C. S. Lewis, by examining his writings on the topic, in order to demonstrate the legitimacy of Lewis’s approach in terms of prerequisites delineated in the first part of the study.
Those pietistic missionaries: a time to reconsider?
Authors: Saayman W. A.
Published: August 2013

It is generally recognised that pietistic missionaries made an enormous contribution to Christian mission world-wide. The author analyses the contribution of Afrikaans-speaking pietist missionaries in South Africa, and their social involvement. He concludes that it was exactly their Pietist tradition which led them into meaningful socio-political involvement to change oppressive structures. This should, however, not be taken as a clean bill of health for pietism in general.
Teenswoordige heil, verbond en sending
Authors: Verster P.
Published: August 2013

Salvation and welfare in the present time, covenant and mission In the theological debate on salvation and welfare an important question that must be asked is the one concerning the relevance of the present time and world. The Marxist view presents the radical revolution as solution. The neo-Marxist view is that the revolution should continue. The theology of hope regards future freedom as way of salvation. The theology of liberation regards the exodus of the poor as salvation. The theology of reconstruction looks forward to a future where justice and human rights will be stressed. Salvation and welfare in the present time should, however, be related to the covenant of God. This is also very important for the way in which salvation must be seen from a missiological point of view.
Denkbeelde oor God by Hosea
Authors: Boshoff W. S.
Published: August 2013

Conceptions of God in Hosea The book Hosea could be characterised as a polemic against particular traits of Israelite religion. According to the book’s message Yahweh was deeply involved in Israel's everyday existence. His involvement is presented in terms of three critically important aspects of His being as the only God: He is God of history, God of nature and He is the High God. The basic premise that Yahweh was the God of Israel’s past is common ground between Hosea and his contemporaries, but the prophet’s message is that Yahweh also governs the present and future. The Israelites are moreover accused that they depend on the ‘baalim’ for their natural and agricultural needs. Now Yahweh is proclaimed as the God in command of every aspect of nature and fertility. Although He is a High God, Yahweh is not remote, but close by. He does make a difference and He is very relevant to Israel’s everyday existence.
Religion without fear. Plutarch on superstition and Early Christian Literature
Authors: Klauck H-J
Published: August 2013

After some introductory remarks on the role of fear in religious discourse. Plutarch’s treatise On Superstition is analysed according to its rhetorical outline. Questions of authenticity are discussed and answered by locating the essay in Plutarch’s early career. Then we ask for the place of “fear of God” in biblical teaching and theology, compare it to Plutarch and show some limits in Plutarch’s youthful thinking, which doesn't yet pay due respect to the life values of myth. We conclude with two New Testament passages, Romans 8:15, masterfully interpreted by Martin Luther, and 1 John 4:17f excellently explained by 20th century’s Swiss theologian and psychologian Oskar Pfister, and we show that these texts are propagating “belief without fear”.
Staatsvakken en kerkelijke vakken aan openbare universiteiten
Authors: Vroom H. M.
Published: August 2013

Theology at the state universities in the Netherlands since 1876: State disciplines and church disciplines In three contributions the organisation of (protestant) theology in the Netherlands since 1876 has been described. In this first part the Dutch law on higher education (1876) is dealt with, its background (especially separation of state and church and equal treatment of religious traditions). This law has established a dual system (“duplex ordo”): “state professors” and “church professors”, all paid by the government. Various evaluations of this arrangement are discussed and its recent modification and the motifs thereof are given. In practice, the theological faculties at the state universities have been mostly reformed faculties.
Afro-Chinese partnership in missions. A similar history, a shared vision
Authors: Smit P. F.
Published: August 2013

In this article the possibilities of a shared mission vision and praxis between African and Chinese Christians are considered. The possibility of such an endeavour lies in the respective histories of Africa and the Chinese people as well as in a similar vision for the Church of Christ on earth. Powerful forces, of which European colonialism is probably the most important, have shaped African and Chinese Christian’s view of mission and the church. After a quick tour through the history of mission in Africa and China, the potentials and pitfalls of such a shared mission program are discussed.
Aanneming tot kind van God by Paulus in Romeine 8 teen die agtergrond van die Jerusalemse tempelkultus - Deel II
Authors: Van Aarde A.
Published: August 2013

Paul’s notion of “adoption” in Romans 8 in the light of the Jerusalem temple cult In a previous article it was shown that the marriage arrangements advocated within the sphere of the Second Temple cult in Jerusalem provided the parameters for the use of the metaphor “Israel as family”. When Paul explained who the people really were who constituted the true “Israel of God”, he used the same metaphor as point of departure in spite of being influenced by the Greco-Roman thought and Hellenistic-Semitic wisdom tradition on the concept “divine sonship”. This article aims to show how Paul, who personally did not know Jesus of Nazareth, continued to transmit the “heart” of Jesus’ message about children entering God’s kingdom. Paul achieved this by making use of the notion “adoption”. The article describes the trajectory from Paul to Jesus to John the Baptist, the initiator of the idea of an inclusive and egalitarian community.
Teologiekroniek
Authors: Vos C. J. A.
Published: August 2013

Dit is die oogmerk van hierdie rubriek om stemme uit verskillende teologiese perspektiewe aan die woord te stel. In ons dag is dit bykans onmoontlik om die ganse teologie te oorsien. Daarvoor is teoloe veels te produktief (en soms te kreatief)! By monde van die rubriek kan die leser in staat gestel word om op hoogte van die nuwe ontwikkelinge en grondverskuiwings van die verskillende teologiese terreine te bly.