bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiscale Aspects of the 26–27 April 2011 Tornado Outbreak. Part II: Environmental Modifications and Upscale Feedbacks Arising from Latent Processes
Authors: Chasteen Manda B. , Koch Steven E.
Published: October 2021

One of the most prolific tornado outbreaks ever documented occurred on 26–27 April 2011 and comprised three successive episodes of tornadic convection that culminated with the development of numerous long-track, violent tornadoes over the southeastern United States during the afternoon of 27 April. This notorious afternoon supercell outbreak was preceded by two quasi-linear convective systems (hereinafter QLCS1 and QLCS2), the first of which was an anomalously severe nocturnal system that rapidly grew upscale during the previous evening. Here in Part II, we use a series of RUC 1-h forecasts and output from convection-permitting WRF-ARW simulations configured both with and without latent heat release to investigate how environmental modifications and upscale feedbacks produced by the two QLCSs contributed to the evolution and exceptional severity of this multiepisode outbreak. QLCS1 was primarily responsible for amplifying the large-scale flow pattern, inducing two upper-level jet streaks, and promoting secondary surface cyclogenesis downstream from the primary baroclinic system. Upper-level divergence markedly increased after QLCS1 developed, which yielded strong isallobaric forcing that rapidly strengthened the low-level jet (LLJ) and vertical wind shear over the warm sector and contributed to the system’s upscale growth and notable severity. Moreover, QLCS2 modified the mesoscale environment prior to the supercell outbreak by promoting the downstream formation of a pronounced upper-level jet streak, altering the midlevel jet structure, and furthering the development of a highly ageostrophic LLJ over the Southeast. Collectively, the flow modifications produced by both QLCSs contributed to the notably favorable shear profiles present during the afternoon supercell outbreak.

Significance Statement

The tornado outbreak that impacted the United States on 26–27 April 2011 was part of an extended outbreak that produced 343 tornadoes and numerous fatalities. This paper is Part II of a study that describes the meteorological factors supporting such a prolific event. Herein we investigate the convectively forced environmental modifications that occurred during a 36-h period encompassing three successive convective episodes. The first two episodes collectively altered the upper-level flow pattern and markedly enhanced low-level winds throughout the warm sector. These modifications served as upscale feedbacks that contributed to the first episode’s exceptional severity and to the remarkable vertical shear profiles that supported numerous long-track and violent tornadoes during the final episode on the afternoon of 27 April.
Revealing Lipid Body Formation and its Subcellular Reorganization in Oleaginous Microalgae Using Correlative Optical Microscopy and Infrared Nanospectroscopy
Authors: Deniset-Besseau Ariane , Coat Rémy , Moutel Benjamin , Rebois Rolando , Mathurin Jérémie , Grizeau Dominique , Dazzi Alexandre , Gonçalves Olivier
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this work is to develop an integrated imaging approach to characterize without labeling at the sub-cellular level the formation of lipid body droplets (LBs) in microalgae undergoing nitrogen starvation. First conventional optical microscopy approaches, gas chromatography, and turbidimetry measurements allowed to monitor the biomass and the total lipid content in the oleaginous microalgae Parachlorella kesslerii during the starvation process. Then a local analysis of the LBs was proposed using an innovative infrared nanospectroscopy technique called atomic force microscopy-based infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR). This label-free technique assessed the formation of LBs and allowed to look into the LB composition thanks to the acquisition of local infrared spectra. Last correlative measurements using fluorescence microscopy and AFM-IR were performed to investigate the subcellular reorganization of LB and the chloroplasts.
The gaming of performance management systems in British universities
Authors: Aboubichr Btissam , Conway Neil
Published: October 2021

Performance management systems are intended to positively influence employee behaviour but do they also motivate significant gaming? This concern is increasingly noted in the literature yet research into gaming and how it arises has been very limited. Using data collected from 65 semi-structured interviews with academics working in 13 research intensive business schools/schools of management in the United Kingdom, this article demonstrates how performance management systems can encourage employees to engage in a range of behaviours termed gaming in order to navigate performance management systems. It categorises gaming behaviours into five types: gratuitous proliferation, hoarding performance, collusive alliances, playing safe and cooking the books. The article then examines the distinctive features of each type and illustrates how it arises as a response to performance management systems. Given the widespread use of performance management systems and the close similarities in the way they are implemented in different public and private sector organisations, the derived categories are relevant to contexts beyond the university setting.
Rethinking Biopolitics and Governance in India during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ghosh Avilasha
Published: October 2021

The article critically examines the different strategies through which the Union government of India is battling against the novel coronavirus outbreak. In particular, the article examines the socio-economic implications of India’s nation-wide lockdown (25 March 2020–31 May 2020), and how one can conceptualise the same from a biopolitical framework. The article heavily draws from the works of influential thinkers such as Michel Foucault (1977, 2003, 2007), Giorgio Agamben (1998), Achille Mbembe (2019) and Partha Chatterjee (2006), to analyse the Indian state’s responses to Covid-19. The data deployed in this article is largely gathered from the author’s observations of the lockdown, and secondary sources such as newspaper articles, reports published by international and national organisations, academic journals, and social media websites. The main objectives of this article were to provide a critical reading of India’s ‘lockdown’ approach and ‘necropolitical governmentality,’ and understand how implementing the same has adversely impacted and reconfigured the social and the quotidian life of citizens.
A stakeholder perspective on public sector innovation: Linking the target groups of innovations to the inclusion of stakeholder ideas
Authors: Boon Jan , Wynen Jan , Callens Chesney
Published: October 2021

Public sector innovation scholarship has not yet systematically explored how the target context (or output phase) of innovations impacts the early phases of innovation processes. This study theorizes and tests whether innovating organizations are more sensitive to ideas from particular stakeholder groups depending on the target group of said innovation. Using a large-scale dataset from the Australian Public Service, the results show that innovations with external target groups are more likely to be built on ideas from external stakeholders (compared with internal stakeholders) and—within the group of internal stakeholders—on ideas from managers (compared with non-managerial employees). Practical and scholarly implications are discussed.

Points for practitioners: Innovations benefit from the inclusion of internal and external stakeholder ideas, both substantively (appropriate knowledge leads to better end products) and symbolically (innovations need to be deemed legitimate, and receive support from the actors that will be primarily impacted by the innovation). Innovating organizations need to be aware of the perceptions of the stakeholders affected by the innovation, and properly sense, capture and translate the ideas of those stakeholders in the innovation process.
International field education: A case study of developing an anti-colonial group study program in Mexico
Authors: Walsh Christine A , Borlé Elyse , Lorenzetti Liza , Birks Lauren , Cerecero Lorena , Isnardo de la Cruz Lugardo Pedro
Published: October 2021

International field education offers an exemplary means by which social work students can enhance cultural awareness and develop skills in working with diverse communities. This article describes an exploratory study using 14 key informant interviews to establish a social work group study program in Mexico. Findings illustrate how the incorporation of key academic and community-based stakeholders using an anticolonial/postcolonial framework in international field education can contribute to an enriched experience for all participants. Providing social work students with exposure to epistemologies and ontologies that may differ from the Western-dominated education are important in understanding the human experience in different contexts.
Does macrosocial orientation matter in frontline social workers’ professional identity? Considering the critical factors of social work development in China
Authors: Zhu Miao , He Xuesong , Wang Yean , Zheng Guanghuai
Published: October 2021

This study focused on the macrosocial orientation of frontline social workers to develop an integrated model for professional identity. We used a nationally representative sample of 3069 frontline social workers in China and conducted confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, bootstrapping mediation, and multiple-group moderation analyses. The results show that cynicism and job characteristics, as a causal chain, serially mediated the relationship between macrosocial orientation and professional identity, and those relationships varied depending on the following three factors: social work education, licensing, and workplace setting. The findings have theoretical and practical implications for how frontline social workers form professional identity.
A retrospective cohort study describing characteristics of those repeatedly detained under Section 136 of the Mental Health Act over a 5-year period and the association with past abuse
Authors: Adewusi Laureen , Mark Isabel , Wells Paige , O’Brien Aileen
Published: October 2021

Individuals repeatedly detained under Section 136 (S136) of the Mental Health Act account for a significant proportion of all detentions. This study provides a detailed analysis of those repeatedly detained (‘repeat attenders’) to a London Mental Health Trust, identifying key demographic profiles when compared to non-repeat attenders, describing core clinical characteristics and determining to what degree a past history of abuse might be associated with these.

All detentions to the S136 suite at South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust over a 5-year period (2015–2020) were examined. Data were collected retrospectively from electronic records. A total of 1767 patients had been detained, with 81 patients identified as being a ‘repeat attenders’ (having had > = 3 detentions to the S136 suite during the study period). Repeat attenders accounted for 400 detentions, 17.7% of all detentions.

Repeat attenders included a higher proportion of females (49.4%, p = 0.0001), compared to non-repeat attenders, and a higher proportion of them were of white ethnicity (85.2%, p = 0.001). 52 (64%) patients reported being a victim of past abuse or trauma. Of repeat attenders who reported past abuse or trauma, a high proportion had diagnoses of personality disorders, with deliberate self-harm as the most common reason for detention. They were more commonly discharged home with community support, rather than considered for hospital admission. In light of these findings, this paper discusses support potential strategies for those most vulnerable to repeated S136 detention, thereby minimising the ever-growing number of S136 detentions in the UK.
Simon’s sign: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Tawil Michel , Serinelli Serenella , Gitto Lorenzo
Published: October 2021

Hanging is a common method of suicide and multiple autopsy findings can be observed at the postmortem examination. Simon's sign is a haemorrhage into the anterior aspect of the intervertebral discs of the lumbar region that can be observed in hangings and other traumatic causes of death. This finding is considered evidence of vitality. Several mechanisms have been proposed regarding bleeding development. In this paper, we present a case of hanging in which Simon's sign was observed at the autopsy. A review of the literature regarding Simon's bleeding has been performed, and a discussion of the potential mechanism is reported. Although Simon's sign may be observed in hangings, a careful evaluation of all the available data, including investigation, autopsy findings, and toxicology, is mandatory to avoid misinterpretation of death's cause and manner.
System dynamics kinetic model for predicting biogas production in anaerobic condition: Preliminary assessment
Authors: Momodu Abiodun S , Adepoju Tofunmi D
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

This preliminary assessment of a grey-box model, was predicated on system dynamics principles and developed using Vensim® DSS software. The purpose is to predict biogas production under anaerobic conditions for energy utilization at the design stage.

Objective:

To describe the process of a developed system dynamics model to predict biogas production under anaerobic conditions.

Methods:

This method involves two-stage kinetics of the biogas production process in anaerobic conditions using the first-order and Gompertz functions. The model is depicted in two parts: causal loop diagram and stock–flow diagram. The causal loop diagram describes the anaerobic digestion process a substrate undergoes for the production of biogas, while stock–flow diagram depicts basic building blocks of the dynamic behavior of an anaerobic digestion process. Primary data is from a laboratory-scale experiment of biogas production using vegetal wastes, while the secondary one is from the literature on studies using similar substrates.

Results:

Primary and secondary data are used to validate and stimulate the developed model. The kinetic model shows the substrate being reduced exponentially with increasing time; consumption of substrate and production of methane and carbon dioxide follows exponential growth and decay pattern, with carbon dioxide production starting early compared to methane, and was produced at a rate faster due to the strong and resilient characteristics of fermentative microorganisms.

Discussion:

Comparing data from empirical and model simulation shows some close relationship, though not too perfectly. Both results reflect signs of inhibitions occurring within the substrates in the digester under anaerobic conditions explaining the low methane yield or instability.
Transforming the Online Learning Experience
Authors: Hamilton Nancy J. , Heddy Benjamin C. , Goldman Jacqueline A. , Chancey John B.
Published: October 2021

Background

College instruction has experienced a significant movement toward increased online learning course options. Without appropriate supports, students in virtual learning environments often face greater challenges with self-regulation, motivation, and recognizing the personal relevance of course content.

Objective

The current study focuses on the prevalence of personal relevance and its associated impact on cognitive and motivational variables including achievement emotion, intrinsic value, self-efficacy, test anxiety, cognitive strategy use, self-regulation, and metacognition in a virtual learning environment.

Method

Students in two online graduate level human development courses completed a series of questionnaires ( N = 73) for course credit.

Results

Results show the high transformative experience (TE) group reported significantly higher positive emotions, interest, intrinsic value, self-efficacy, cognitive strategy use, test anxiety, and self-regulation, giving them more cognitive and motivational benefits than those who experienced low levels. They also show no relationship between TE and course grade.

Conclusion

Future research in this area may benefit from focus on ways to intentionally increase TEs from online contexts to real-life contexts.

Teaching Implications

Such research would allow instructors intentionality in pedagogical endeavors while allowing students to integrate course information into their daily lives.
Attitude Moralization Within Polarized Contexts: An Emotional Value-Protective Response to Dyadic Harm Cues
Authors: D’Amore Chantal , van Zomeren Martijn , Koudenburg Namkje
Published: October 2021

Polarization about societal issues involves attitudinal conflict, but we know little about how such conflict transforms into moral conflict. Integrating insights on polarization and psychological value protection, we propose a model that predicts when and how attitude moralization (i.e., when attitudes become grounded in core values) may be triggered and develops within polarized contexts. We tested this model in three experiments (total N = 823) in the context of the polarized Zwarte Piet (blackface) debate in the Netherlands. Specifically, we tested the hypotheses that (a) situational cues to dyadic harm in this context (i.e., an outgroup that is perceived as intentionally inflicting harm onto innocent victims) trigger individuals to moralize their relevant attitude, because of (b) emotional value-protective responses. Findings supported both hypotheses across different regional contexts, suggesting that attitude moralization can emerge within polarized contexts when people are exposed to actions by attitudinal opponents perceived as causing dyadic harm.
Accuracy in Facial Trustworthiness Impressions: Kernel of Truth or Modern Physiognomy? A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Foo Y. Z. , Sutherland C. A. M. , Burton N. S. , Nakagawa S. , Rhodes G.
Published: October 2021

Being able to identify trustworthy strangers is a critical social skill. However, whether such impressions are accurate is debatable. Critically, the field currently lacks a quantitative summary of the evidence. To address this gap, we conducted two meta-analyses. We tested whether there is a correlation between perceived and actual trustworthiness across faces, and whether perceivers show above-chance accuracy at assessing trustworthiness. Both meta-analyses revealed significant, modest accuracy (face level, r = .14; perceiver level, r = .27). Perceiver-level effects depended on domain, with aggressiveness and sexual unfaithfulness having stronger effects than agreeableness, criminality, financial reciprocity, and honesty. We also applied research weaving to map the literature, revealing potential biases, including a preponderance of Western studies, a lack of “cross-talk” between research groups, and clarity issues. Overall, this modest accuracy is unlikely to be of practical utility. Moreover, we strongly urge the field to improve reporting standards and generalizability of the results.
Sub-Sahara Africa and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Reflecting on Challenges and Recovery Opportunities
Authors: Agwanda Billy , Dagba Gershon , Opoku Prince , Amankwa Mark Opoku , Nyadera Israel Nyaburi
Published: October 2021

How has Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) experienced the COVID-19 pandemic? This article seeks to examine the challenges faced by a region that was earlier expected to be the epicenter of the pandemic. The study identifies three critical stages that pose challenges for governments and development partners operating in SSA trying to avoid mass infections and the subsequent negative socioeconomic impacts of the pandemic. First, the article begins by examining the challenges experienced in restraining the spread of COVID-19 such as the lack of adequate resources and technology to effectively pursue contact tracing, the dilemma of implementing lockdowns, and the impact of fake news. Second, the article looks at the challenges arising from technical and capacity elements of testing, treatment, and the development and access to vaccines. Finally, the study examines the potential obstacles to a smooth post-COVID-19 recovery. The author argues that although some positive actions have been taken by governments in SSA during the pandemic, the challenges that are emerging as a result of the direct and indirect impacts of the disease cannot be overlooked. The authors therefore offer several recommendations that can guide policy responses against pandemics in the short and long-run.
For happy children with a visual or visual-and-intellectual disability: Efficacy research to promote sensitive caregiving with the Barti-mat
Authors: Dyzel Vernandi , Dekkers-Verbon Paula , Toeters Marina , Sterkenburg Paula S
Published: October 2021

Cycles of miscommunication often occur within the caregiver–child dyad when a child has a visual or visual-and-intellectual disability, influencing sensitive and responsive caregiver behaviour and child happiness. This study aims to examine the efficacy of using interactive technology, the Barti-mat, to promote sensitive and responsive caregiver behaviour, specifically mirroring behaviour, and increase the happiness of children with a visual or visual-and-intellectual disability. The secondary aim is to examine the social validity of the Barti-mat. A mixed-method approach was used, combining quantitative data from a multiple within-series single-case design and qualitative data comparing play-as-usual with play on the Barti-mat. Eleven caregiver–child dyads participated in a home-based study. No significant effects were found for Attunement nor for Valence. Significant improvements were found for Total Mirroring, Happiness, and Arousal. Overall, the caregivers enjoyed using the Bart-mat and were enthusiastic about the development of specialized play material for children with visual impairments. Results of the current study suggest that the Barti-mat can act as catalyst for caregiver mirroring behaviour and improve the happiness of a child with a visual or visual-and-intellectual disability. Caregivers were generally motivated to use and recommend the Barti-mat again. Minor product improvement recommendations were made. The Barti-mat is appropriate for a diverse group of caregivers and children with a visual or visual-and-intellectual disability and would be a good adjunct to preventive attachment-based interventions.
Support gaps during the COVID-19 pandemic: Sex differences and effects on well-being
Authors: Holmstrom Amanda J. , Shebib Samantha J. , Boumis Josephine K. , Allard Amanda , Mason Adam J. , Lim Jong In
Published: October 2021

During times of stress, supportive communication can buffer individuals from experiencing negative outcomes. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has substantially altered the interactions people rely on for support, which may influence the supportive messages they desire and receive. When people receive quantities of support that differ from what they desire, they experience support gaps, which are often associated with negative outcomes. The present study examines: (a) support gaps in close relationships under shelter-in-place orders issued in response to the pandemic; (b) how support gaps may be moderated by recipient and provider sex; and (c) relationships between support gaps and loneliness, stress, and relational satisfaction. Data were collected in Spring 2020 from community members across the United States and students at a large Midwestern university ( N = 273). Participants reported on five types of support desired and received from their closest relational partner. Unexpectedly, participants generally reported receiving more support than desired, though this finding was qualified by their biological sex and the biological sex of their partner. As expected, support deficits were primarily associated with negative outcomes. Surplus esteem support was positively associated with relational satisfaction and negatively associated with perceived stress. Results are discussed in terms of theoretical implications for support gaps research and theory as well as pragmatic implications for individuals experiencing a global, shared stressor.
A novel method for determining the X-ray beam angulation of the supraspinatus outlet view
Authors: Zheng Xiaoli , Hu Jingying , Xu Jian , Wang Zhen , Shu Zhenyu , Gong Xiangyang
Published: October 2021

Background

Rapid and accurate quantification of the supraspinatus outlet view (SOV) is a clinical challenge.

Purpose

To quantify the X-ray beam angle of the SOV using the horizontal angle of the subscapular spine line (SSSL) and to further verify the feasibility of this method.

Material and Methods

A total of 119 patients who underwent shoulder computed tomography (CT) examination were enrolled in the retrospective study. Three-dimensional (3D) CT reconstruction was performed and manually adjusted to provide the position similar to SOV. The rotation angle of the 3D image along the long axis of the human body (marked as β) was obtained. The horizontal angle of SSSL (marked as α) was measured on the anteroposterior localizer image of shoulder CT. Pearson correlation and linear regression correlation analysis were performed. In addition, the first-time success rate between the experience-based group and the measurement-based group were compared to verify the novel method.

Results

We found a linear correlation between α and β (r = 0.962; P = 0.000). There was no significant correlation between the experience-based group and the measurement-based group in terms of age ( P = 0.500), sex ( P = 0.397), and side ( P = 0.710), but there was a significant statistical difference in the first success rate between the two validation groups (χ2 = 5.808a, P = 0.016).

Conclusion

This novel quantitative measurement method for determining the X-ray beam angle of SOV using the horizontal angle of SSSL is feasible.
Toripalimab in an advanced non-small cell lung cancer patient with poor general condition after multiline treatment: a case report
Authors: He Yuling , An Tongtong
Published: October 2021

Several clinical trials have proven that immunotherapy can improve survival and benefit non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. In patients who progress after chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy can prolong overall survival compared with patients receiving single-agent chemotherapy. A 61-year-old man diagnosed with advanced NSCLC and without driver variants received first-line chemotherapy but experienced recurrence. During subsequent treatment, the disease progressed rapidly, and his general condition deteriorated; therefore, toripalimab monotherapy was initiated. Surprisingly, he responded well, and symptoms were relieved after several treatment cycles despite pseudoprogression, shown in chest images. For driver gene-negative NSCLC patients who progress after chemotherapy and who develop poor performance status (PS), ICIs are an option to alleviate symptoms and improve survival. Furthermore, immunotherapy in patients with pseudoprogression may also provide a survival benefit.
Gluteal muscle damage and rhabdomyolysis after olanzapine poisoning: a case report
Authors: Yu Guangcai , Cui Siqi , Jian Tianzi , Sun Cece , Shi Longke , Li Yaqian , Kan Baotian , Jian Xiangdong
Published: October 2021

Olanzapine is a widely adopted atypical antipsychotic medication used to manage schizophrenia. Reports show that the incidence rate of adverse reactions to olanzapine is significantly lower than those of other classic antipsychotic medications. However, olanzapine overdose may be associated with severe consequences. Herein, we report a 21-year-old female patient who had taken nearly 700 mg (70 tablets) of olanzapine; she was found after 30 hours. As her condition progressed, she presented with rhabdomyolysis, swelling in the thighs and hips, paralytic ileus, digestive tract hemorrhage, and elevated serum amylase and lipase levels; notably, she recovered after treatment. This intractable case is of great clinical significance and suggests that early-phase hemoperfusion plays a critical role in olanzapine poisoning-related rhabdomyolysis.
Sense of Coherence and Ego-Resiliency as Predictors of Maladaptive Coping Among Juveniles With Different Levels of Delinquency
Authors: Konaszewski Karol , Niesiobędzka Małgorzata
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the study is to determine the role of the sense of coherence and ego-resiliency as buffers for maladaptive coping among juveniles with different levels of delinquency. The study included 561 juveniles referred by a family court to youth education or probation centers throughout Poland. We used SEM to search for relations between variables and the critical ratio test for differences between groups. The results demonstrate that in both groups, the relationships between the components of the sense of coherence and the emotional style were negative. In both groups, the sense of comprehensibility was significantly associated with the search for social contacts. The impact of ego-resiliency on social-diversion coping was significantly stronger for the group with high compared with low demoralization. The study demonstrate that juveniles with a high degree of delinquency are more prone to emotion-oriented coping. Both groups of juveniles use two types of avoidance style to a similar extent. The results show that the stronger the sense of coherence, the less often juveniles cope with stress by reducing emotional tension and by escaping into substitute activities. Furthermore, our findings reveal the dark side of ego-resiliency.
Adult Education at Biological Field Stations: Building Capacity for Science Learning
Authors: Zarestky Jill , Vilen Lauren , Short Rachel A. , Struminger Rhonda , Michelle Lawing A.
Published: October 2021

An understanding of science concepts is important for living in modern society. Supporting adults’ science learning can be particularly challenging because most adults no longer attend formal educational institutions where access and opportunities are facilitated by teachers and school-sponsored programs. Biological field stations (BFSs) are a newly recognized educational venue that hold considerable intrinsic value for adult science education. In this study, we conducted a survey of 223 U.S. BFSs about their nonformal and informal educational outreach programs for adults. Results show BFSs offer a wide variety of science learning programs for adults, focused heavily on experiential learning to engage learners. These experiences promote interactions with the natural environment and are perceived to increase participants’ knowledge and skills. This study has implications for how adult educators can better support the professional development of science educators at BFSs and enrich the general public's science learning.
Dreaming of College Versus Going to College: Expectations and Enrollment Among Autistic Students
Authors: Kim Hyejung , Baker Diana
Published: October 2021

This study uses data from the National Longitudinal Transitional Study 2 to examine relationships between expectations about college education and enrollment patterns among students on the autism spectrum. Results reveal that although more than half of the students reported that they were likely to attend college, among their Individualized Education Programs, only 44% listed postsecondary education as a primary transition goal, and just a third of parents reported expecting that their children would pursue a college education. Furthermore, parental expectations were predicted by cognitive ability, home language, access to the general education curriculum, psychological services, and occupational therapy, while actual enrollment patterns were predicted by a different set of variables: cognitive ability, self-care skills, household responsibilities, conversational skills, access to the general education curriculum, occupational therapy, assistive technology, parent–teacher meetings for postsecondary goal planning, and proportion of White students in school. The predictive patterns suggest practical implications for college-bound students on the spectrum.
Experimental investigation and optimization of machining performance characteristics during WEDM of inconel 718: On evaluation of wire electrodes and advanced parameter techniques
Authors: Kumar Anshuman , Upadhyay Chandramani
Published: October 2021

Wire Electrical-Discharge-Machining (WEDM) is a well-known unconventional machining process to produce intricate shapes. However, obtaining a satisfactory WEDM cutting performance is indeed a challenging task during precision cutting. Hence, this investigation aims to attempt a favorable machining parameter setting in order to corner-cutting during WEDM for In-718. Here, machining performance characteristics have been considered based on corner deviation (CD) along with Material Removal Rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR). Taguchi’s experiment design technique (L16) has been considered to run the experiments. The controllable process parameters are considered as Spark-on-time (Son), flushing-pressure (Fp), wire-tension (Tw), and discharge-current (Id). The aforesaid machining performance characteristics have been achieved through the two most popular wire electrodes, i.e., Zinc-coated brass electrode (Zn-BE) and Brass Wire Electrode (BWE), and compared the results. The comparison of performances by the wire electrodes on CD, MRR, and SR varied from 0.0286 mm to 0.0844 mm, 0.0045 g/min to 0.0214 g/min and 3.12 µm to 4.80 µm for BWE and 0.0218 mm to 0.0783 mm, 0.0090 g/min to 0.0342 g/min and 2.58 µm to 4.40 µm for Zn-BE respectively. However, machining with Zn-WE yields reduced CD, SR, and increased MRR value and shows less defect on the WEDMed surfaces than its counterpart. The present study developed the mathematical model based on non-linear regression for correlating the machining parameters with the machining responses. The next step of this study is that a unique optimization strategy, namely grey relation analysis (GRA) integrated with Teaching Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO), has been implemented for achieving optimal parametric setting. The satisfactory machining setting obtained from GRA-TLBO has been compared with GRA-JAYA and GRA-genetic algorithm (GA). The proposed methodology appears more fruitful in terms of computational time and effort.
Multi-objective optimization of machining parameters during green machining of aerospace grade titanium alloy using Grey–Taguchi approach
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Karsh Pradeep K , Misra Joy P , Kumar Jatinder
Published: October 2021

This paper presents multi-objective optimization of aerospace-grade titanium alloy using the Gray–Taguchi approach. Experimentation has been conducted with varying cutting conditions according to Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array. Tool nose wear, tool flank wear, surface roughness and material removal rate are employed as process characteristics. The experimental outcomes are statistically analyzed using the Grey–Taguchi approach. Statistical and sensitivity analysis are also performed. Studies revealed that cutting speed and feed rate are having a significant influence on process performances. Micro analysis of cutting tool is also performed to study the kind of wear. Furthermore, chips were also analysed using scanning electron microscope to study its features and morphology to obtain a better insight into the process.
Improvement of Heart Function After Transplantation of Encapsulated Stem Cells Induced with miR-1/Myocd in Myocardial Infarction Model of Rat
Authors: Khazaei Samaneh , Soleimani Masoud , Tafti Seyed Hossein Ahmadi , Aghdam Rouhollah Mehdinavaz , Hojati Zohreh
Published: October 2021

Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most common sources in cell-based therapies in heart regeneration. There are several methods to differentiate MSCs into cardiac-like cells, such as gene induction. Moreover, using a three-dimensional (3D) culture, such as hydrogels increases efficiency of differentiation. In the current study, mouse adipose-derived MSCs were co-transduced with lentiviruses containing microRNA-1 ( miR-1) and Myocardin ( Myocd). Then, expression of cardiac markers, such as NK2 homeobox 5( Nkx2-5), GATA binding protein 4 ( Gata4), and troponin T type 2 ( Tnnt2) was investigated, at both gene and protein levels in two-dimensional (2D) culture and chitosan/collagen hydrogel (CS/CO) as a 3D culture. Additionally, after induction of myocardial infarction (MI) in rats, a patch containing the encapsulated induced cardiomyocytes (iCM/P) was implanted to MI zone. Subsequently, 30 days after MI induction, echocardiography, immunohistochemistry staining, and histological examination were performed to evaluate cardiac function. The results of quantitative real -time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunocytochemistry showed that co-induction of miR-1 and Myocd in MSCs followed by 3D culture of transduced cells increased expression of cardiac markers. Besides, results of in vivo study implicated that heart function was improved in MI model of rats in iCM/P-treated group. The results suggested that miR-1/Myocd induction combined with encapsulation of transduced cells in CS/CO hydrogel increased efficiency of MSCs differentiation into iCMs and could improve heart function in MI model of rats after implantation.
Identification of lactic acid bacteria and rhizobacteria by ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectroscopy and multivariate classification
Authors: Treguier Sylvain , Couderc Christel , Audonnet Marjorie , Mzali Leïla , Tormo Helene , Daveran-Mingot Marie-Line , Ferhout Hicham , Kleiber Didier , Levasseur-Garcia Cécile
Published: October 2021

The biological processes of interest to agro-industry involve numerous bacterial species. Lactic acid bacteria produce metabolites capable of fermenting food products and modifying their organoleptic properties, and plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria can act as biofertilizers, biostimulants, or biocontrol agents in agriculture. The protocol of conventional techniques for bacterial identification, currently based on genotyping and phenotyping, require specific sample preparation and destruction. The work presented herein details a method for rapid identification of lactic acid bacteria and rhizobacteria at the genus and species level. To develop the method, bacteria were inoculated on an agar medium and analyzed by near infrared (NIR) and ultraviolet-visible-NIR (UV-Vis-NIR) spectroscopy. Artificial neural network models applied to the UV-Vis-NIR spectra correctly identified the genus (species) of 70% (63%) of the lactic acid bacteria and 67% of the rhizobacteria on an independent prediction set of unknown bacterial strains. These results demonstrate the potential of UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy to identify bacteria directly on agar plates.
Book review: Benjamin Bratton (2021), The Revenge of the Real: Politics for a Post-Pandemic World
Authors: Mathew Manu V.
Published: October 2021

Benjamin Bratton (2021), The Revenge of the Real: Politics for a Post-Pandemic World. London: Verso Books. 177 pp., £10.99, ISBN: 9781839762567 (Hardback); £10.99, ISBN: 9781839762581 (eBook).
Book review: Harisur Rahman, Consuming Cultural Hegemony: Bollywood in Bangladesh
Authors: Awwal Arpana
Published: October 2021

Harisur Rahman, Consuming Cultural Hegemony: Bollywood in Bangladesh. Palgrave Macmillan, 2020, 243 pp., ISBN 978-3-030-31706-5.
Book review: Vazira Zamindar and Asad Ali (Eds.), Love, War and Other Longings: Essays on Cinema in Pakistan
Authors: Anjaria Ulka
Published: October 2021

Vazira Zamindar and Asad Ali (Eds.), Love, War and Other Longings: Essays on Cinema in Pakistan. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2020, 274 pp., $15.00. ISBN-13: 978-0190701857.
Control synchronization of three eccentric rotors driven by motors in space considering adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control algorithm
Authors: Shuangquan Shi , Pan Fang , Min Zou , Huan Peng , Zhiliang Zhang , Xiaogang Lu
Published: October 2021

In this paper, to obtain ideal dynamic behavior of vibration screen, control synchronization of three eccentric rotors (ERs) driven by motors in space vibration system is investigated by employing the adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control (AFSMC) algorithm. First, the dynamic model of the vibration system is established, and the motion equation of the electromechanical coupling system is derived via Lagrange equation. Then, the synchronization controllers of three ERs are systematically designed with the combination of AFSMC algorithm and master–slave control (MSC) structure, and the stability of the control system is verified by Lyapunov theory. Additionally, in comparison with the conventional sliding mode control (SMC) algorithm, the superiority and feasibility of the proposed AFSMC strategy are confirmed through numerical simulation in MATLAB/Simulink. Moreover, the robustness of the control system is demonstrated in the simulation via changing the motor velocities and structure parameters. The research result shows that the proposed adaptive strategy can effectively control the ERs to implement the desired in-phase synchronization motion, and the control method possesses commendable efficacy in reducing chattering, enhancing control accuracy, eliminating overshoot, and resisting parameter perturbation.
The Problems with Neighbors: An Examination of the Influence of Neighborhood Context Using Large-Scale Administrative Data
Authors: Liu Yan , Wang Siqin , Cheshire Lynda
Published: October 2021

Where earlier conceptions of problem neighbors saw them as contributing to neighborhood level forms of disorder, neighbor problems, in contrast, occur in the everyday domestic setting of residential life and challenge conceptual boundaries between public/private and civility/incivility. As a result, there is a need to better understand the phenomenon of problems between neighbors beyond conceptions of public disorder and to understand the processes that influence how and why neighbor problems arise. In this study, we examine neighbor problems as manifest in reported complaints to a local municipality in Australia to understand how neighborhood features affect the likelihood of neighbors experiencing problems with each other. We propose five hypotheses to examine the social-interactive, environmental, and geographical mechanisms of neighborhood effects and test these hypotheses through logistic regression models on the way certain neighborhood features relate to the prevalence of neighbor problems. The findings reveal the sources of neighbor problems that typically reside in a combination of the social-interactive dynamics of the neighborhood itself—including the composition of the resident population—and the environmental features of the neighborhood in terms of the condition, density and use of dwellings, but not in the location of the neighborhood relative to larger-scale political and economic forces of the city. The paper concludes with a discussion of the significance of these findings for research, policy, and practice.
Cocreating an Evaluation Approach for a Healthy Relationships Program With Community Partners: Lessons Learned and Recommendations
Authors: Syeda Maisha M. , Fournie Meghan , Ibanez Maria C. , Crooks Claire V.
Published: October 2021

Community-based partnerships are integral to mental health programming and research. However, there are limited published guidelines that apply the principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR), especially within the context of supporting vulnerable youth populations. This article demonstrates the application of the CBPR principles in cocreating an evaluation approach for a healthy relationships program for vulnerable youths with community partners. We present our research procedures and activities and highlight the importance of having a trauma-informed lens and flexibility with the research process and outcomes. We conclude the article by sharing our lessons learned and providing recommendations for future CBPR with vulnerable youths.
Night-time economy vitality index: Framework and evidence
Authors: Lin Vera Shanshan , Qin Yuan , Ying Tianyu , Shen Shujie , Lyu Guangming
Published: October 2021

This study aims to develop a multi-dimensional night-time economy vitality index (NTEVI) to measure the vitality of night-time economic (NTE) activities in Zhejiang Province, China, covering its 11 cities and 90 counties. Comprising 44 supply and demand indicators of the NTE, the index was composed of an overall index and six major sub-indices that measured the vitality of six typical NTE subsectors, including catering, shopping, recreation, accommodation, touring, and fitness. The NTEVI was calculated using a unique multi-source dataset based on hourly online transaction data from a leading Chinese online-to-offline service platform, monthly night-time electricity consumption data, and official statistics from 2019 to 2020. Robustness and sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure high credibility of the index results. The findings of this study suggested that the NTEVI was highly and significantly correlated with night light indices, economic indicators, and tourism demand measures. By identifying regional and temporal differences across several service sectors over time at the county, city, and provincial levels, the NTEVI serves as a powerful numerical and visual tool: it offers key information to guide policy formulation, resource allocation, and policy evaluation. In the context of COVID-19, the index analyses also reflect the NTE recovery process in Zhejiang Province. Our findings indicate that it is important for the Chinese government, regional authorities, and enterprises to encourage the NTE as a main driver of economic revitalization.
Cross-segmental parties in consociational systems: Downplaying prowess to access power in Northern Ireland
Authors: Agarin Timofey , Jarrett Henry
Published: October 2021

Political parties are afforded a key role in making consociational democracy work; however, parties that dis-identify with salient identities and appeal to voters across the ethno-political divide face barriers when interacting with voters and with other, segmental parties. Nevertheless, such cross-segmental parties often thrive and even ascend to power. Northern Ireland’s cross-segmental parties – the Alliance Party, the Green Party, and People before Profit – have sought to traverse group-specific voter interests and set their agenda apart from that of segmental parties. For such parties to be considered ‘coalitionable’, they should outline their (potential) governing contribution to complement other political parties’ agendas. Cross-segmental parties’ participation in government makes them appear electable, but it is the focus on bipartisan concerns that consolidates their electoral success and ensures their political relevance. We focus on the evolution of Alliance’s political agenda and fill a gap in the literature on the relevance of cross-segmental parties in consociations.
How People Become Attractive to Prospective Mates: Strategies of Self-Promotion in the Greek Cultural Context
Authors: Apostolou Menelaos , Wang Yan , Gavriilidou Athina
Published: October 2021

An important aspect of human mating is to appeal to prospective mates. Accordingly, the current research attempted to identify the strategies that people use in order to become more attractive as prospective intimate partners. More specifically, using open-ended questionnaires in a sample of 326 Greek-speaking participants, we identified 87 acts that people performed in order to become more attractive as mates. By using quantitative research methods in a sample of 2,197 Greek-speaking participants, we classified these acts into 16 different strategies. We found that, enhancing one's looks and becoming more pleasant, were among the most preferred strategies. Women were more likely than men to adopt strategies that involved looks, while men were more likely than women to adopt strategies that involved resource acquisition capacity. Moreover, age effects were found for most strategies. The identified strategies were classified into two broader domains, one aiming to develop and demonstrate fitness-increasing qualities, and the other to deceive about fitness-impairing traits.