bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Λήψη και επεξεργασία ppg βιοσημάτων και πρόβλεψη επικείμενων καρδιακών δυσλειτουργιών
Authors: Μπαλντούμας Γεώργιος
Published: December 2021

Σκοπός της παρούσας διατριβής ήταν η σχεδίαση και κατασκευή ενός καινοτόμου συστήματος λήψης και επεξεργασίας καρδιακών σημάτων, βασισμένο στην θεωρία του φυσικού χρόνου, δίνοντας του την ικανότητα πρόγνωσης του αιφνίδιου καρδιακού θανάτου (ΑΚΘ).Μία συσκευή που θα μπορούσε να διαγνώσει πρώιμες καρδιακές διαταραχές που σχετίζονται με τον ΑΚΘ θα ήταν ο ηλεκτροκαρδιογράφος ή ecg συσκευή, αλλά εξαιτίας του κόστους, της πολυπλοκότητας και της δυσχρηστίας, είναι αδύνατη η χρήση της από τον ευρύ πληθυσμό αλλά ούτε και για μεγάλα χρονικά διαστήματα. Τα τελευταία χρόνια αναπτύσσεται η τεχνολογία της φωτοπληθυσμογραφίας (ppg), ως μία μη επεμβατική, εύχρηστη και οικονομική μέθοδο καταγραφής της καρδιακής λειτουργίας. Η διαδικασία που ακολουθήθηκε για την επίτευξη του στόχου μας, χωρίζεται σε τρία στάδια.Πρώτον, σχεδιάστηκε και κατασκευάστηκε ένα ασύρματο και οικονομικό σύστημα λήψης κι επεξεργασίας ppg βιοσημάτων. Επίσης, αναπτύχθηκαν αλγόριθμοι για τον χρονικό εντοπισμό των P κορυφών και τον υπολογισμό των διαστημάτων PP του ppg σήματος και αντίστοιχα, για το ecg σήμα, για τον υπολογισμό των RR διαστημάτων. Αυτά τα διαστήματα αποτέλεσαν τα στοιχεία της βάσης δεδομένων που δημιουργήσαμε και χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για την μετέπειτα μαθηματική επεξεργασία της θεωρίας του φυσικού χρόνου, προκειμένου να γίνει η παραπάνω αναφερθείσα πρόβλεψη. Δεύτερον, το ppg σύστημα μας δοκιμάστηκε σε υποκείμενα ασθενών που νοσηλεύονταν στην Β’ Καρδιολογική Κλινική του Πανεπιστημιακού Νοσοκομείου Ιωαννίνων και σε υγιή άτομα. Ταυτόχρονα έγινε καταγραφή και ecg σημάτων, ως μέθοδος ελέγχου. Τα αποτελέσματα των μέτρων πολυπλοκότητας των δύο ομάδων απέδειξαν ότι μπορούν να διαχωριστούν με επιτυχία. Ολοκληρώνοντας την διατριβή, στο τρίτο στάδιο και έχοντας περάσει χρονικό διάστημα περίπου 2 ετών από την τελευταία ppg και ecg καταγραφή, επιβεβαιώθηκαν 6 θάνατοι ασθενών, από τα στοιχεία που διατηρεί η Καρδιολογική Κλινική. Τα υποκείμενα αυτά, αν και ήταν υπό ιατρική παρακολούθηση, όπως και οι υπόλοιποι, είχαν καρδιακά νοσήματα τα οποία μπορούν να συνδεθούν με αίτια αιφνίδιου καρδιακού θανάτου. Στα ppg και ecg δεδομένα των υποκειμένων που απεβίωσαν και στους υπόλοιπους ασθενείς, υπολογίστηκαν διαφορετικά μέτρα πολυπλοκότητας του φυσικού χρόνου, τα οποία κατάφεραν να διαχωρίσουν τις δύο αυτές ομάδες. Επιβεβαιώνοντας περίτρανα την δυνατότητα του καινοτόμου ppg συστήματος μας στην πρόγνωση του ΑΚΘ.
Παθολογοανατομική μελέτη δεικτών εμπλεκόμενων στην παθογένεια της ιστικής βλάβης στις σπειραματονεφρίτιδες
Authors: Χαλκιά Αγλαϊα
Published: December 2021

Εισαγωγή: O αυξητικός μετατρεπτικός παράγοντας β (TGF-β1) αποτελεί μία πλειοτροπική κυτοκίνη, με διαφορετικούς ρόλους στην ίνωση και τη φλεγμονή, και δρα μέσω του σηματοδοτικού μονοπατιού Smad στη νεφρική παθογένεια. Στη παρούσα μελέτη αποσκοπούμε στην καταγραφή της έκφρασης του TGF-β1/Smad μονοπατιού στη σπειραματονεφρίτιδα (ΣΝ) και στην αξιολόγηση ως προγνωστικό δείκτη στην εξέλιξη της χρόνιας νεφρικής νόσου (ΧΝΝ). Μέθοδοι: Αξιολογήσαμε την ανοσοϊστοχημική έκφραση των TGF-β1, φωσφορυλιωμένη Smad3 (pSmad3) και Smad7 ημιποσοτικά και ποσοτικά, χρησιμοποιώντας ψηφιακή μέθοδος ανάλυσης και επεξεργασίας εικόνας σε διάφορα τμήματα από 50 νεφρικές βιοψίες από ΣΝ και τα αποτελέσματα αναλύθηκαν με στατιτική ανάλυση με βάση κλινικο-ιστολογικές παραμέτρους. Επιπλέον, εξετάσαμε τη σχέση μεταξύ των εκφράσεων, την επίδραση της ταυτόχρονης έκφρασης και το ρόλο ως προς την εξέλιξη της ΧΝΝ.ΑποτελέσματαΗ έκφραση του TGF-β1 σχετίστηκε θετικά με τη τμηματική σπειραματοκλήρυνση (p=0.025) και το επίπεδο της κρεατινίνης στη διάγνωση (p=0.002), ενώ η έκφραση pSmad3 με τη διάμεση φλεγμονή (p=0.024). Στο σπείραμα, η ταυτόχρονη έκφραση έντονης Smad7 και μέτριας pSmad3 παρατηρήθηκε να σχετίζεται με τη νεφρική φλεγμονή, όπως οι κυτταρικοί μηνοειδείς (p=0.011), έντονη διάμεση φλεγμονή (p=0.029) και χαμηλά επίπεδα συμπληρώματος ορού 3 (p=0.028) και συμπληρώματος 4 (p=0.029). Eπίσης, καταγράψαμε μία στατιστικά σημαντική συσχέτιση μεταξύ της pSmad3 έκφρασης στα σπειραματικά ενδοθηλιακά κύτταρα της υπερπλαστικής ΣΝ (p=0.045) και στα ποδοκύτταρα της μη-υπερπλαστικής ΣΝ (p=0.005). Τέλος, στο πολλαπλό μοντέλο αναλογικών κινδύνων Cox η έκφραση TGF-β1 (HR= 6.078; 95%CI 1.168-31.627; p=0.032) αναδείχθηκε ανεξάρτητος παράγοντας κινδύνου για εξέλιξη στη ΧΝΝ. Συμπεράσματα: Το σηματοδοτικό μονοπάτι TGF-β1/Smad είναι ενεργοποιημένο στη ΣΝ με ειδικά χαρακτηριστικά στις διάφορες μορφές σπειραματικής βλάβης. Η έκφραση του TGF-β1 αναδεικνύεται ως ανεξάρτητος παράγοντας κινδύνου για εξέλιξη στη ΧΝΝ στη ΣΝ, ενώ ξεχωριστό εκφραστικό πρότυπο των pSmad3 και Smad7 στο σπείραμα φαίνεται να σχετίζεται περισσότερο με τη νεφρική φλεγμονή.
Η προκατάληψη ως αντικείμενο κοινωνικής επιρροής
Authors: Πλάκας Νικόλαος
Published: December 2021

Η παρούσα διατριβή ενδιαφέρθηκε να ερευνήσει κατά πόσο οι προκαταλήψεις είναι ευάλωτες στις διαδικασίες της κοινωνικής επιρροής. Το νόημα της διερεύνησης αυτής πηγάζει από το γεγονός ότι οι θεματικές στα πειράματα στον τομέα της κοινωνικής επιρροής δεν έχουν πάντα την ίδια κοινωνική βαρύτητα μεταξύ τους, ακόμα και εάν η προσωπική εμπλοκή είναι μεγάλη. Η απόπειρα αλλαγής της στάσης που αφορά τα κριτήρια αποφοίτησης σε κάποιο πανεπιστήμιο ίσως να μην συγκρίνεται με μια απόπειρα αλλαγής της στάσης έναντι κάποιας κοινωνικής ομάδας, όπως είναι οι μετανάστες. Σε όλα τα πειράματα παρατηρείται μια αναμενόμενη συνάφεια μεταξύ της προγενέστερης στάσης έναντι των μεταναστών και της ασκούμενης επιρροής του κειμένου. Το κάθε κείμενο επιρροής ασκεί μεγαλύτερη επιρροή όσο πιο κοντά βρίσκεται το περιεχόμενό του στην προγενέστερη στάση των συμμετεχόντων. Αυτή η συνάφεια στρεβλώνεται επιτυχώς από τις διάφορες ανεξάρτητες μεταβλητές που εξετάστηκαν στα πειράματα της παρούσας διατριβής, όπως το βαθμό αναγκαστικής συμφωνίας/διαφωνίας, την ψυχολογιοποίηση και την έκπληξη με το ποσοστό υποστήριξης του κειμένου επιρροής στην ελληνική κοινωνία.Τα συμπεράσματα του τρίτου πειράματος ερμηνεύτηκαν επίσης υπό τη σκοπιά της μεταγνωστικής προσέγγισης. Το ποσοστό υποστήριξης του 82% του πληθυσμού πιθανόν να κλόνισε την εμπιστοσύνη που έχουν οι συμμετέχοντες στις στάσεις τους και κυρίως στην ιδιότητα των στάσεων αυτών ως μειονοτικές, ανεξάρτητες και καινοτόμες.
Podziały społeczno-polityczne - tezy teoretyczne
Authors: Obacz Piotr
Published: December 2021

Niniejszy artykuł stanowi omówienie założeń teoretycznych, mających zasadnicze znaczenie z perspektywy badań ukierunkowanych na charakterystykę i wyjaśnianie podziałów społeczno-politycznych – ich istoty, struktury, dynamiki i funkcji. Jest to autorska próba, oparta na doświadczeniach badawczych autora nad podziałami społeczno-politycznymi, wyjścia naprzeciw zapotrzebowaniu na skondensowaną wiedzę politologiczną dotyczącą podziałów, mogącą służyć za punkt wyjścia do badań nad tymi fenomenami. Artykuł prezentuje kluczowe tezy teoretyczne na temat podziałów społeczno-politycznych, które warto mieć na uwadze, organizując badania nad podziałami, oraz które powinny być uwzględniane w procesie formułowania teorii politycznych. Na podstawie tych tez podziały jawią się jako wielowymiarowe zjawiska społeczno-polityczne o procesualnej naturze, mające określone, kontekstualne źródła, swoistą strukturę i cechy, charakter i dynamikę, będące polami znaczeń politycznych, a także wykazujące pewne istotne funkcje względem życia społecznego i politycznego.
Experimental verification of pedagogical conditions for formation of values and semantics experience among future foreign philology specialists in the process of professional training
Authors: Svyshch Lilya
Published: December 2021

The current socio-cultural situation actualizes special attention to values, value orientations and other axiological phenomena that comprise axiological knowledge. The rapidly changing world, and therefore the change of axiological guidelines, is a fundamental issue for higher education. This argues the need for special attention to axiological problems in the context of the organization of higher education, in particular the training of future specialists in foreign philology. It has become more relevant because the Standard of Higher Education of Ukraine for the first (bachelor's) level, field of knowledge 03 Humanities, specialty 035 "Philology" does not actually provide any value component of professional training for future professionals.

The research hypothesis is based on the thesis that special value-oriented pedagogical conditions in the process of professional training are a prerequisite for the acquisition of values and semantics experience of future specialists in foreign philology, which creates important prerequisites for the formation of axiological competencies. The proposed study is aimed at determining the level of formation of values and semantics experience among future specialists in foreign philology at the initial and final stages of the experiment. The paper shows the methods that allow to achieve this goal and have practically confirmed the formulated research hypothesis.
Implementation of e-marketing via instragram on the sustainability of MSMEs in the face of the covid-19 pandemic in Baubau city
Authors: Silviani.A Wa Ode Rhevi
Published: December 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has had such a big impact on all circles, especially students who are overseas.Since the implementation of government policies, namely lockdown and social distance in various regions, many overseas students have turned to become MSME activities for their survival.Not only that.The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has also weakened several sectors, especially the economic sector.In the midst of this pandemic, many MS activities have difficulty developing their businesses.In this study, this study saw the extent of students implementing E-Marketing MSMEs via Instagram in the city of BAUBAU Covid-19 pandemic .This study uses a qualityative method with a phenomenal approach.This research proves that the implementation of e-marketing linguistics through Instagram carried out by MS developers is in accordance with consumers marketing. I implemented especially in the midst of the Covid-19 Pedemic so business activities continue and generate economic value.Keywords:E-Marketing, Instagram, UMKM, and Covid-19
Hubungan tingkat pengetahuan tentang gizi, peer group dan uang saku dengan pemilihan jajanan pada siswa SLTP
Authors: Ratnaningtyas Laras Agitya , Tukiyo Intan Wahyuni , Agustin Helfi
Published: December 2021

Poor nutritional behaviour among students is the increasing of snacking proportion and the consumption unnutritious and unsafe food. The aims of the study was to know the determinants of school children's snack behavior using behavioural ecological model. This was a cross-sectional study design based on ecological models behaviour. The study was conducted at a state junior high school in Sleman Regency, D.I Yogyakarta. The sample was 80 students of 381 students. The data were analyzed by the chi-square test. The result showed that only 52.5% students had selected behaviour in snacking, 50% students had a good level of knowledge about nutrition and food security, 68.8% had a large amount of pocket money, 83.8% had breakfast habit, 70% were highly influenced by peers. There were significant relations between knowledge about nutrition and food security and breakfast habits. There were no significant relations between the amount of pocket money, peers with students' behaviour to the selection of snacks in the State Junior High School in Sleman, Special Region Yogyakarta. It is recommended for schools to strengthen their school health institutions through increasing the role of student cadres and counseling about nutrition and food safety in the provision of healthy canteens. Include content about nutrition and the consequences of consuming unsafe food, placing posters on healthy and unhealthy food in the school canteen. Schools are also advised to provide socialization to parents and students about the importance of having breakfast and bringing lunch from home.
Recognising autism in healthcare
Authors: Doherty Mary , Haydon Clair , Davidson Ian A
Published: December 2021

Recognition of autism and the associated co-occurring physical and mental health issues has increased over recent years. However, undergraduate and postgraduate curricula take time to adapt and to impact on what is delivered in training so healthcare professionals, including doctors, report little training on these topics. Doctors need to know when someone might be autistic in order to respond to them appropriately. This article sets out the reasons why recognition of autism is important and the positive impacts of recognising and understanding autism on health outcomes, service delivery and patient experience. The negative consequences of not recognising autism or understanding the impact of autistic traits on the person are also explored. A companion article then covers how practice can be made more appropriate for autistic people to improve outcomes.
English as a Foreign Language High School Teachers’ Expectations of Continuing Professional Development Activities
Authors: Lap Trinh Quoc , Thao Le Thanh
Published: December 2021

This paper investigated (1) English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ expectations of Continuing Professional Development (CPD) activities in a Vietnamese context, and (2) factors related to teacher demographics affecting their expectations of CPD activities. The study followed a mixed-methods approach, using a questionnaire to collect quantitative data from 224 Vietnamese EFL teachers, and individual semi-structured interviews to collect qualitative data from six teachers. The results revealed that among five domains in light of the Vietnamese English Teacher Competence Framework, including subject knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, learner knowledge, professional attitudes and values, and knowledge of teaching practice and context, the participants desired to learn about pedagogical knowledge the most (M=4.14). The study also indicated that factors related to age, teaching experience, and field of study at undergraduate level differentiated the teachers’ expectations of CPD activities. Basically, the younger and less experienced teachers desired to participate in the CPD activities more than their counterparts. Moreover, the teachers with degree in teaching EFL expressed their eagerness and willingness to participate in the CPD events more than those holding a degree in English Linguistics and Literature. This paper also suggested recommendations for further studies in the field of CPD.
Estratégias dos estudos métricos da informação para o mapeamento de inovação
Authors: Rebouças Nascimento Mateus , Clara Cândido Ana , Augusto Zimmermann Ricardo , Wielewicki Patrícia
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo objetiva identificar estratégias metodológicas existentes no âmbito dos estudos métricos da informação que contribuem para o mapeamento de inovação. Em termos metodológicos, este estudo qualitativo de caráter exploratório e descritivo parte do levantamento da produção de conhecimento relacionada às tipologias dos estudos métricos na base de dados Web of Science, por meio da relação do termo inovação nas palavras-chave e keywords plus dos artigos. Os resultados destacam a aplicação da inovação nas metrias da informação no âmbito da altmetria, bibliometria, cientometria, patentometria e webometria.
A inovação aberta no desenvolvimento das agências de fact-checking durante a pandemia
Authors: Franciscato Carlos , Gonçalves Ana Laura Farias
Published: December 2021

Esta pesquisa busca entender processos inovadores no jornalismo à luz do conceito de inovação aberta e de ecossistema jornalístico. Para isso, realiza uma sistematização da literatura e uma pesquisa empírica baseada em estudos de casos múltiplos de três agências de fact-checking, Lupa e Aos Fatos (no Brasil) e Chequeado (Argentina), como atores jornalísticos inovadores. O estudo compreendeu o desenvolvimento de produtos e processos em inovação aberta como resposta à urgente demanda por informação e por verificação de conteúdos falsos na pandemia do coronavírus em 2020.
POSSÍVEIS FATORES ASSOCIADOS À AUTOPERCEPÇÃO DA IMAGEM CORPORAL POSSIBLE FACTORS RELATED TO THE SELF-BODY IMAGE
Authors: Pandolfi Marcela Maria , Machado Henrique Mattos , França Carolina Nunes , Fugimoto Higashi Luciana Sayumi , Da Silva Michel Victor Lemes , Da Silva Luiz Felipe Gebin , Juliano Yára , Do Amaral Jônatas Bussador , Rodrigues Cíntia Leci , De Souza Patrícia Colombo
Published: December 2021

Introdução: A percepção da imagem corporal entende-se como a maneira que as pessoas percebem o seu corpo, em especial, o seu tamanho. A diferença entre o tamanho real e a percepção do tamanho do corpo é chamada de distorção da imagem corporal. Diferentes fatores econômicos, sociais, bem como sexo e idade, podem estar associados a uma visão distorcida da imagem corporal. Objetivo: Comparar a percepção da imagem corporal de adultos de diferentes estados nutricionais, relacionando a variáveis socioeconômicas. Métodos: Estudo do tipo transversal, onde adultos com e sem distorção da imagem corporal foram avaliados segundo estado nutricional e variáveis socioeconômicas. Para classificação do estado nutricional foi utilizado o índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC). A avaliação da imagem corporal foi realizada pela escala expandida de Kakeshita, classificada como adequada ou inadequada (subestimada ou superestimada). Foram estudadas possíveis associações entre a percepção da imagem corporal e as variáveis estudadas e utilizado o Coeficiente de Correlação de Spearman para comparar o IMC real com o referido. Resultados: Apenas 12% dos indivíduos conseguiram classificar de forma correta a silhueta referida. Quanto à distorção da imagem, 88% classificaram sua silhueta de forma errônea, sendo que esta superestimação foi muito maior entre as mulheres do que entre os homens (p<0,0001). Foi encontrada diferença em relação à imagem subestimada entre os participantes mais velhos (p=0,025) e superestimada entre os com IMC maior (p=0,0009). Para as demais variáveis estudadas (presença ou não de companheiro, escolaridade e renda) não houve diferenças estatísticas. Conclusão: A percepção da imagem corporal deve ser avaliada dentro de um amplo contexto que envolve diferentes fatores, que podem estar diretamente associados a uma visão distorcida da realidade. Além disso, houve correlação positiva entre o IMC atual e o referido para ambos os gêneros, compatível com achados da literatura, comprovando a fidedignidade da Escala de Silhuetas utilizada neste estudo.
PERCEPÇÕES E PRÁTICAS PROFISSIONAIS NO CUIDADO DA OBESIDADE NA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA
Authors: Figueiredo Amanda Tayná Tavares de , Tavares Fernanda Cristina de Lima Pinto , Silveira Priscila Ribeiro Rezende Mergulhão , Costa Emilia Chagas , Oliveira Adrielly Araújo de , Lira Pedro Israel Cabral de
Published: December 2021

Introdução: A obesidade é uma epidemia global em ascensão no Brasil. A Estratégia Saúde da Família é a forma prioritária de organização da atenção básica representando a porta de entrada principal e ordenadora do cuidado no Sistema Único de Saúde. Objetivos: Identificar concepções e práticas de cuidado ofertadas a pessoas com obesidade na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo exploratório-descritivo, de método qualitativo. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas semiestruturadas gravadas com 12 profissionais de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família em Recife, transcritos e submetidos à análise de conteúdo por categorias temáticas. Na análise foram consideradas três categorias definidas à priori (I-Formação Profissional; II-Conhecimento Prévio e; III-O Cuidado diante da Obesidade) e 8 subcategorias emergentes identificadas respectivamente (I-Perfil dos Profissionais/ Educação Permanente em Saúde; II- Reconhecendo a Obesidade/ Implicações da Obesidade para ao Indivíduo/ Como Tratar a Obesidade e; III- Práticas de Cuidado na USF e Território/ Percebendo o Usuário com Obesidade/ O Papel da ESF e da RAS no Enfrentamento da Obesidade). Resultados: Apesar das profissionais reconhecerem a múltipla determinação da obesidade e a necessidade de intervenções interdisciplinares, longitudinais e sistematizadas, identificou-se desafios em operacionalizar tal entendimento e predominância de percepções negativas sobre usuários com obesidade. Conclusões:  Embora as concepções reforcem a importância do cuidado integral, interdisciplinar e em rede, as práticas profissionais destinadas ao enfrentamento da obesidade na ESF mostram a não superação do modelo assistencial biomédico com fragilidades relacionadas à educação permanente em saúde, ao vínculo profissional-usuário e à prática interdisciplinar e intersetorial.
PREVALÊNCIA DE DEPRESSÃO EM MULHERES IDOSAS ASSISTIDAS NA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Lara Hellen Cristina Almeida Abreu de , Melo Cristiana Alves de , Silva Evening da Cruz , Silva Izabel Aparecida da , De Oliveira Jefferson Souza , Santana Franciel Souza
Published: December 2021

Introdução: A depressão em idosas apresenta diversos fatores de risco como, precárias condições socioeconômicas e condições de saúde. Ela é frequentemente ignorada, pois, em geral, os profissionais de saúde veem os sintomas depressivos como manifestações normais decorrentes do processo do envelhecimento. Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência de sintomas de depressão em idosas cadastrados em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do município de Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado com pessoas de 60 anos ou mais, sexo feminino, com uso de um questionário com dados sociodemográficos, condições de saúde e a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica. A análise de dados foi feita por meio de medidas de frequência simples, absoluta e calculadas razões de prevalências brutas e ajustadas com intervalo de confiança de 95% no Programa Epiinfo 7.2. Resultados: A prevalência de depressão foi de 18,00%. O uso de medicamentos, grau de dependência, morte de familiares e alguém na família depressão foram associados a depressão em idosas na comunidade. Conclusão:Dessa forma, é necessário a detecção precoce dos sintomas depressivos em idosas e fatores associados, e considerar o sexo feminino como algo importe pois auxilia os profissionais da atenção básica a compreender a realidade e ainda minimizar os danos para a saúde e qualidade de vida dos idosos.
REALIZAÇÃO DE ATIVIDADES EXTRA CLÍNICAS PELAS EQUIPES DE SAÚDE BUCAL DO BRASIL
Authors: Tambara Anderson Falcão , Do Amaral Junior Orlando Luiz , Menegazzo Gabriele Rissotto , Giordani Jessye Melgarejo do Amaral
Published: December 2021

Introdução: A atividade extra clínica desenvolvida pela equipe de saúde bucal pode ser considerada toda a atividade desenvolvida fora do âmbito da clínica odontológica e que fortaleça as ações de promoção da saúde para a população. Essas atividades fazem parte de um modelo de atenção focado na saúde na família e fazem parte do modelo de atenção à saúde proposto pela Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal do Brasil. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os fatores individuais e contextuais associados a realização de atividades extra clínicas pelas equipes de saúde bucal participantes do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) no Brasil. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal realizado a partir de dados de 18.333 equipes de saúde bucal do Sistema Único de Saúde e dos municípios aos quais estas equipes de saúde estavam implantadas. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas utilizando um questionário estruturado. O desfecho utilizado foi a realização de atividades extra clínicas e as variáveis de exposição foram organizadas nas dimensões de nível contextual e nível individual do processo de trabalho. Foi utilizado regressão de Poisson multinível para avaliar a associação entre as vaiáveis de exposição e o desfecho. Resultados: A prevalência de realização de atividades extra clínicas pelas equipes de saúde bucal foi 54,2% e a mesma mostrou-se associada com as características contextuais e individuais do estudo. Conclusão: Este estudo contribui para a compreensão do processo de trabalho das equipes de saúde bucal no Brasil e reforça fatores importantes na efetivação de um modelo de atenção alinhado às diretrizes da política nacional de saúde bucal, que valorize os dispositivos da clínica ampliada.
Progress, challenges, and opportunities of terahertz emission from liquids
Authors: E Yiwen , Zhang Liangliang , Tsypkin Anton , Kozlov Sergey , Zhang Cunlin , Zhang X.-C.
Published: December 2021

Broadband terahertz (THz) wave emission from flowing liquid targets has
been demonstrated under short optical pulse excitation.
Observations have been reported by using liquid THz sources, including
optimal angle of incidence, preference of subpicosecond pulse
excitation, and strong sideway emission. Compared with solid targets,
the fluidity of liquid allows each laser pulse to interact with a
fresh area, which makes it possible to use a table-top laser with a
high repetition rate for excitation. Liquids with a comparable
material density to solids make them promising candidates for the
study of high-density plasma and bright THz sources. In this paper, we
review recent progress, challenges, and opportunities of THz emission
from liquids. This topic may offer new possibilities in the
exploration of THz liquid photonics and may play an indispensable role
in the study of laser-liquid interaction.
Focusing characteristics of cylindrical vector beams through a multi-focal all-dielectric grating lens
Authors: Chen Mulin , Zhu Congying , Huang Haosi , Yang Xinze , Wang Jun , Chi Tiantian , Liu Ning , Lu Yunqing , Zhang Baifu , Xu Ji , Liang Zhongcheng
Published: December 2021

A novel, to the best of our knowledge, type of multi-focal all-dielectric grating lens is proposed in this work, and focusing characteristics of cylindrical vector beams through the lens are investigated in detail. Based on the negative refraction mechanism of negative-first-order diffraction and Fermat’s principle, a multi-focal lens is designed. By analyzing the diffraction effect of the grating, the essential factor that affects the focus quality is found. Through a two-step optimization process, secondary foci and the focal displacement of primary foci caused by high-order diffractions are overcome, and the quality of the focal field is significantly improved. This work provides a reference for micro-lens design for focus modulation, and the research results also have potential applications in the fields of light-field manipulation and optical tweezers.
Chemical element mapping by x-ray computational ghost fluorescence
Authors: Klein Yishay , Sefi Or , Schwartz Hila , Shwartz Sharon
Published: December 2021

Chemical element mapping is an imaging tool that provides essential
information about composite materials, and it is crucial for a broad
range of fields ranging from fundamental science to numerous
applications. Methods that exploit x-ray fluorescence are very
advantageous and are widely used, but require focusing of the input
beam and raster scanning of the sample. Thus, the methods are slow and
exhibit limited resolution due to focusing challenges. Here, we
demonstrate an x-ray fluorescence method based on computational ghost
imaging that overcomes those limitations since it does not require
focusing and show that when it is combined with compressed sensing the
total measurement time can be significantly reduced. Our method opens
the possibility to significantly enhance the resolution of chemical
element maps and to extend the applicability of x-ray fluorescence
inspection to new fields where the measurement time is a critical
parameter.
Deep learning for fast spatially varying deconvolution
Authors: Yanny Kyrollos , Monakhova Kristina , Shuai Richard W. , Waller Laura
Published: December 2021

Deconvolution can be used to obtain sharp images or volumes from blurry or encoded measurements in imaging systems. Given knowledge of the system’s point spread function (PSF) over the field of view, a reconstruction algorithm can be used to recover a clear image or volume. Most deconvolution algorithms assume shift-invariance; however, in realistic systems, the PSF varies laterally and axially across the field of view due to aberrations or design. Shift-varying models can be used, but are often slow and computationally intensive. In this work, we propose a deep-learning-based approach that leverages knowledge about the system’s spatially varying PSFs for fast 2D and 3D reconstructions. Our approach, termed MultiWienerNet, uses multiple differentiable Wiener filters paired with a convolutional neural network to incorporate spatial variance. Trained using simulated data and tested on experimental data, our approach offers a

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increase in speed compared to iterative methods with a spatially varying model, and outperforms existing deep-learning-based methods that assume shift invariance.
Treating latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) with isoniazid and rifapentine (3HP) in an inner-city population with psychosocial barriers to treatment adherence: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Heyd Amber , Heffernan Courtney , Storey Kate , Wild T. Cameron , Long Richard
Published: December 2021

In Canada, preventive therapy for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) has required multiple doses of medication over an extended period of time. Such regimens are associated with poor adherence and completion rates. A shortened treatment regimen of once weekly isoniazid plus rifapentine for 3 months (3HP), is now available, and holds promise in populations facing challenges to treatment adherence. Although many factors impact treatment adherence, a knowledge gap exists in describing these factors in the context of this regimen. We present findings from a qualitative descriptive study, involving semi-structured interviews with unstably housed or homeless individuals in Edmonton and Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada who were offered directly-observed preventive therapy (DOPT) with 3HP, and their health care providers. Latent content analysis revealed incomplete understandings of LTBI and about the need for preventive therapy. Clients’ motivation to be healthy, alongside education, health care outreach, relationships developed in the context of DOPT, ease of treatment regimen, incentives, and collaboration were all described as supporting treatment completion. Competing priorities, difficulty in reaching clients, undesirable aspects of the regimen and difficulties obtaining and initiating 3HP were identified as barriers. Perceptions of stigma related to LTBI and TB were described by clients in addition to feelings of shame related to their diagnosis. Our study provides insight into LTBI and indicates that multiple interacting psychosocial factors influence preventive therapy access, uptake, and adherence. Findings from this study of both client and provider perspectives can be used to inform and address inequities among individuals experiencing homelessness, and ultimately contribute to a diminished reservoir of LTBI.
Disaster displacement and zoonotic disease dynamics: The impact of structural and chronic drivers in Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Braam Dorien H. , Chandio Rafiq , Jephcott Freya L. , Tasker Alex , Wood James L. N.
Published: December 2021

Projected increases in human and animal displacement driven by climate change, disasters and related environmental degradation will have significant implications to global health. Pathways for infectious disease transmission including zoonoses, diseases transmitted between animals and humans, are complex and non-linear. While forced migration is considered an important driver for the spread of zoonoses, actual disease dynamics remain under researched. This paper presents the findings of a case study investigating how disaster displacement affected zoonotic disease transmission risk following the 2010 ‘superfloods’ in Sindh province, Pakistan. We interviewed 30 key informants and 17 household members across 6 rural communities between March and November 2019, supported by observational studies and a review of secondary data. Results were analysed using the ecosocial theoretical framework. Buffalo, cattle and goats were often the only moveable asset, therefore livestock was an important consideration in determining displacement modality and destination location, and crowded locations were avoided to protect human and animal health. Meanwhile however, livestock was rarely included in the humanitarian response, resulting in communities and households fragmenting according to the availability of livestock provisions. We found that rather than a driver for disease, displacement acted as a process affecting community, household and individual zoonotic disease risk dynamics, based on available resources and social networks before, during and after displacement, rooted in the historical, political and socio-economic context. We conclude that in rural Sindh, disaster displaced populations’ risk of zoonoses is the result of changes in dynamics rooted in pre-existing structural and chronic inequalities, making people more or less vulnerable to disease through multiple interlinked pathways. Our findings have implications for policy makers and humanitarian responders assisting displaced populations dependent on livestock, with a call to integrate livestock support in humanitarian policies and responses for health, survival and recovery.
Do community-based active case-finding interventions have indirect impacts on wider TB case detection and determinants of subsequent TB testing behaviour? A systematic review
Authors: Feasey Helena R. A. , Burke Rachael M. , Nliwasa Marriott , Chaisson Lelia H. , Golub Jonathan E. , Naufal Fahd , Shapiro Adrienne E. , Ruperez Maria , Telisinghe Lily , Ayles Helen , Miller Cecily , Burchett Helen E. D. , MacPherson Peter , Corbett Elizabeth L.
Published: December 2021

Community-based active case-finding (ACF) may have important impacts on routine TB case-detection and subsequent patient-initiated diagnosis pathways, contributing “indirectly” to infectious diseases prevention and care. We investigated the impact of ACF beyond directly diagnosed patients for TB, using routine case-notification rate (CNR) ratios as a measure of indirect effect. We systematically searched for publications 01-Jan-1980 to 13-Apr-2020 reporting on community-based ACF interventions compared to a comparison group, together with review of linked manuscripts reporting knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) outcomes or qualitative data on TB testing behaviour. We calculated CNR ratios of routine case-notifications (i.e. excluding cases identified directly through ACF) and compared proxy behavioural outcomes for both ACF and comparator communities. Full text manuscripts from 988 of 23,883 abstracts were screened for inclusion; 36 were eligible. Of these, 12 reported routine notification rates separately from ACF intervention-attributed rates, and one reported any proxy behavioural outcomes. Two further studies were identified from screening 1121 abstracts for linked KAP/qualitative manuscripts. 8/12 case-notification studies were considered at critical or serious risk of bias. 8/11 non-randomised studies reported bacteriologically-confirmed CNR ratios between 0.47 (95% CI:0.41–0.53) and 0.96 (95% CI:0.94–0.97), with 7/11 reporting all-form CNR ratios between 0.96 (95% CI:0.88–1.05) and 1.09 (95% CI:1.02–1.16). One high-quality randomised-controlled trial reported a ratio of 1.14 (95% CI 0.91–1.43). KAP/qualitative manuscripts provided insufficient evidence to establish the impact of ACF on subsequent TB testing behaviour. ACF interventions with routine CNR ratios >1 suggest an indirect effect on wider TB case-detection, potentially due to impact on subsequent TB testing behaviour through follow-up after a negative ACF test or increased TB knowledge. However, data on this type of impact are rarely collected. Evaluation of routine case-notification, testing and proxy behavioural outcomes in intervention and comparator communities should be included as standard methodology in future ACF campaign study designs.
The neurodevelopmental basis of humor appreciation: A fNIRS study of young children
Authors: Mayseless Naama , Reiss Allan L.
Published: December 2021

Humor is crucial for social development. Despite this, very few studies have examined the neurodevelopment of humor in very young children, and none to date have used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to study this important cognitive construct. The main aim of the current study was to characterize the neural basis of humor processing in young children between the ages of 6–8 years. Thirty-five healthy children (6–8 years old) watched funny and neutral video clips while undergoing fNIRS imaging. We observed activation increases in left temporo-occipito-parietal junction (TOPJ), inferior-parietal lobe (IPL), dorsolateral-prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and superior parietal lobe (SPL) regions. Activation in left TOPJ was positively correlated with age. In addition, we found that coherence increased in humor viewing compared to neutral content, mainly between remote regions. This effect was different for boys and girls, as boys showed a more pronounced increase in coherence for funny compared to neutral videos, more so in frontoparietal networks. These results expand our understanding of the neurodevelopment of humor by highlighting the effect of age on the neural basis of humor appreciation as well as emphasizing different developmental trajectories of boys and girls.
Serum syndecan-1 concentration in hospitalized patients with heart failure may predict readmission-free survival
Authors: Kitagawa Yuichiro , Kawamura Itta , Suzuki Keiko , Okada Hideshi , Ishihara Takuma , Tomita Hiroyuki , Suzuki Kodai , Takada Chihiro , Sampei So , Kano Soichiro , Kondo Kohei , Asano Hirotaka , Wakayama Yugo , Kamidani Ryo , Kawasaki Yuki , Fukuda Hirotsugu , Nishio Ayane , Miyake Takahito , Fukuta Tetsuya , Yasuda Ryu , Oiwa Hideaki , Kakino Yoshinori , Miyazaki Nagisa , Watanabe Takatomo , Yoshida Takahiro , Doi Tomoaki , Suzuki Akio , Yoshida Shozo , Matsuo Hitoshi , Ogura Shinji
Published: December 2021

Syndecan-1 is found in the endothelial glycocalyx and is released into the bloodstream during stressed conditions, including severe diseases such as acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. This study investigated the prognostic value of serum syndecan-1 concentration in patients with heart failure upon admission. Serum syndecan-1 concentration was analyzed in 152 patients who were hospitalized for worsening heart failure from September 2017 to June 2018. The primary outcome of the study was readmission-free survival, defined as the time from the first admission to readmission for worsened heart failure or death from any cause, which was assessed at 30 months after discharge from the hospital. The secondary outcome of the study was survival time. Blood samples and echocardiogram data were analyzed. Univariate and multivariable time-dependent Cox regression analyses adjusted for age, creatinine levels, and use of antibiotics were conducted. The serum syndecan-1 concentration was significantly associated with readmission-free survival. Subsequently, the syndecan-1 concentration may have gradually decreased with treatment. The administration of human atrial natriuretic peptide and antibiotics may have modified the relationship between readmission-free survival and serum syndecan-1 concentration (p = 0.01 and 0.008, respectively). Serum syndecan-1 concentrations, which may indicate injury to the endothelial glycocalyx, predict readmission-free survival in patients with heart failure.
Violence and sexual and reproductive health service disruption among girls and young women during COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal: A cross-sectional study using interactive voice response survey
Authors: Lamichhane Ashish , Rana Shubheksha , Shrestha Krishna , Paudyal Rakshya , Malla Parash , Upadhyaya Shanti , Uprety Durga , Gurung Julie , Satow Elizabeth
Published: December 2021

Introduction

There is a paucity of data on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on girls and young women. The study examines the prevalence and correlates of violence and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) service disruption among girls and young women during COVID-19 restrictions and lockdown.

Methods

An interactive voice response survey was conducted among girls and women aged 18–24 years between 10th March to 24th April 2021. The survey enrolled 1314 participants. Descriptive analysis was used to assess prevalence of violence and SRH service disruption. Two sampled test of proportion was used to asses difference in prevalence of violence before and after the pandemic. Logistic regression was used to examine relationship between the outcome variables and socio demographic predictors.

Results

The study did not find significant difference in prevalence of violence before and after the pandemic. Education was found to be protective against experience of both physical and sexual violence after the pandemic. Dalit participants were four times more likely to report physical violence after the pandemic than Brahmin/Chhetri participants (OR:3.80; CI:1.41–10.24). Participants from 22-24-year age group were twice as likely to experience sexual violence compared to girls and participants from 18-21year age group (OR:2.25; CI:1.04–4.84). Participants from urban municipalities were 29% less likely to report SRH services disruption than participants from rural municipalities (OR-0.71, 95% CI: 0.55–0.91). Participants with disability were twice as likely to report disruption than participants without disability (OR-2.35, 95% CI: 1.45–3.82).

Conclusions

To reduce violence against girls and women due to the pandemic, interventions should focus on Dalit women and on preventing education discontinuation among girls and women. SRH service during the pandemic needs to be improved for girls and women with focus on girls and women from rural municipalities and girls and women with disability.
Protective role of melatonin against adipose-hepatic metabolic comorbidities in experimentally induced obese rat model
Authors: Obayemi Mary J. , Akintayo Christopher O. , Oniyide Adesola A. , Aturamu Ayodeji , Badejogbin Olabimpe C. , Atuma Chukwubueze L. , Saidi Azeezat O. , Mahmud Hadiza , Olaniyi Kehinde S.
Published: December 2021

Background

Adipose and hepatic metabolic dysfunctions are critical comorbidities that also aggravate insulin resistance in obese individuals. Melatonin is a low-cost agent and previous studies suggest that its use may promote metabolic health. However, its effects on some comorbidities associated with obesity are unknown. Herein, we investigated the hypothesis that melatonin supplementation would attenuate adipose-hepatic metabolic dysfunction in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in male Wistar rats.

Materials and methods

Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats (n = 6/group) were used: Control group received vehicle (normal saline), obese group received 40% high fat diet, melatonin-treated group received 4 mg/kg of melatonin, and obese plus melatonin group received 40% HFD and melatonin. The treatment lasted for 12 weeks.

Results

HFD caused increased food intake, body weight, insulin level, insulin resistance and plasma and liver lipid but decreased adipose lipid. In addition, HFD also increased plasma, adipose and liver malondialdehyde, IL-6, uric acid and decreased Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione, nitric oxide and circulating obestatin concentration. However, these deleterious effects except food intake were attenuated when supplemented with melatonin.

Conclusion

Taken together, the present results indicate that HFD exposure causes adipose-hepatic metabolic disturbance in obese animals, which are accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, the present results suggest that melatonin supplementation attenuates adipose-hepatic metabolic dysfunction, accompanying obesity by suppression of oxidative stress/inflammation-dependent mechanism and increasing circulating obestatin.
PNPLA3 downregulation exacerbates the fibrotic response in human hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Rady Brian , Nishio Takahiro , Dhar Debanjan , Liu Xiao , Erion Mark , Kisseleva Tatiana , Brenner David A. , Pocai Alessandro
Published: December 2021

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) results, in part, from the interaction of metabolic derangements with predisposing genetic variants, leading to liver-related complications and mortality. The strongest genetic determinant is a highly prevalent missense variant in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3 p.I148M). In human liver hepatocytes PNPLA3 localizes to the surface of lipid droplets where the mutant form is believed to enhance lipid accumulation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Less is known about the role of PNPLA3 in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Here we characterized HSC obtained from patients carrying the wild type (n = 8 C/C) and the heterozygous (n = 6, C/G) or homozygous (n = 6, G/G) PNPLA3 I148M and investigated the effect of genotype and PNPLA3 downregulation on baseline and TGF-β-stimulated fibrotic gene expression. HSCs from all genotypes showed comparable baseline levels of PNPLA3 and expression of the fibrotic genes α-SMA, COL1A1, TIMP1 and SMAD7. Treatment with TGF-β increased PNPLA3 expression in all 3 genotypes (~2-fold) and resulted in similar stimulation of the expression of several fibrogenic genes. In primary human HSCs carrying wild-type (WT) PNPLA3, siRNA treatment reduced PNPLA3 mRNA by 79% resulting in increased expression of α-SMA, Col1a1, TIMP1, and SMAD7 in cells stimulated with TGF-β. Similarly, knock-down of PNPLA3 in HSCs carrying either C/G or G/G genotypes resulted in potentiation of TGF-β induced expression of fibrotic genes. Knockdown of PNPLA3 did not impact fibrotic gene expression in the absence of TGF-β treatment. Together, these data indicate that the presence of the I148M PNPLA3 mutation in HSC has no effect on baseline activation and that downregulation of PNPLA3 exacerbates the fibrotic response irrespective of the genotype.
Avaliação da drenagem superficial em pista de pouso e decolagem por meio de processamento digital de imagens
Authors: Lopes Gonçalves Ana Kássia , Lacerda de Oliveira Francisco Heber
Published: December 2021

A aderência pneu-pavimento fator preponderante para minimizar episódios de hidroplanagem. As metodologias convencionais de avaliação de textura demonstram-se ineficientes e pouco confiáveis, em razão da intervenção humana no ensaio. Por outro lado, o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias proporcionou avaliações mais ágeis por intermédio de técnicas como o processamento digital de imagens (PDI). Nesse sentido, este artigo tem por objetivo analisar do escoamento superficial das águas pluviais com avaliação da textura de revestimentos aeroportuários por meio do processamento digital de imagens. O estudo de campo foi realizado em um aeródromo do estado do Ceará e buscou correlações entre o ensaio de mancha de areia e três metodologias de PDI. Com taxas de sucesso de mais de 70%, segundo a classificação de macrotextura, concluiu-se que o método de contagem de pixels mostrou-se eficiente para análise da macrotextura em situações em que há presença de lâmina d’água no revestimento.