bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GREB1‐CTNNB1 fusion transcript detected by RNA‐sequencing in a uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor (UTROSCT): A novel CTNNB1 rearrangement
Authors: Croce Sabrina , Lesluyes Tom , Delespaul Lucile , Bonhomme Benjamin , Pérot Gaëlle , Velasco Valérie , Mayeur Laetitia , Rebier Flora , Ben Rejeb Houda , Guyon Frédéric , McCluggage W Glenn , Floquet Anne , Querleu Denis , Chakiba Camille , Devouassoux‐Shisheboran Mojgan , Mery Eliane , Arnould Laurent , Averous Gerlinde , Soubeyran Isabelle , Le Guellec Sophie , Chibon Frédéric
Published: October 2018

Mutations of CTNNB1 have been implicated in tumorigenesis in many organs. However, tumors harboring a CTNNB1 translocation are extremely rare and this translocation has never been reported in a uterine mesenchymal neoplasm. We report a novel translocation t(2;3)(p25;p22) involving the GREB1 (intron 8) and CTNNB1 (exon 3) in a uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor (UTROSCT), which exhibited extrauterine metastasis. The translocation detected by RNA‐sequencing was validated by RT‐PCR, and resulted in nuclear expression of β‐catenin. Juxtapositioning with GREB1, which is overexpressed in response to estrogens, resulted in overexpression of a truncated and hypophosphorylated nuclear β‐catenin in the primary and recurrent tumors. This accumulation of nuclear β‐catenin results in a constitutive activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway with a major oncogenic effect. The CTNNB1 gene fusion, promoted by an estrogen‐responsive gene (GREB1), could be a potential driver of tumorigenesis in this case and a therapeutic target with adapted inhibitors. RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry performed on 11 additional UTROSCTs showed no CTNNB1 fusion transcript or nuclear β‐catenin immunoreactivity.
Scholarly Advising and the Scholarship of Advising
Authors: Troxel Wendy G.
Published: October 2018

Using the “advising is teaching” framework, this chapter addresses the bases for the study of academic advising from both an approach to the work involved (“scholarly advising”) and as an area of inquiry (“scholarship of advising”). Emerging research trends and critical issues are explored, including implications for collaborative inquiry related to student success.
Environment‐specific spectral modeling: A new tool for the analysis of biological specimens
Authors: Valbusa Giovanni , Capozza Martina , Brioschi Chiara , Blasi Francesco , Ghiani Simona , Maiocchi Alessandro
Published: October 2018

The recent discovery of fluorescent dyes for improving pathologic tissues identification has highlighted the need of robust methods for performance validation especially in the field of fluorescence‐guided surgery. Optical imaging of excised tissue samples is the reference tool to validate the association between dyes localization and the underlying histology in a controlled environment. Spectral unmixing may improve the validation process discriminating dye from endogenous signal. Here, an innovative spectral modeling approach that weights the spectral shifts associated with changes in chemical environment is described. The method is robust against spectral shift variations and its application leads to unbiased spectral weights estimates as demonstrated by numerical simulations. Finally, spectral shifts values computed pixel‐wise from spectral images are used to display additional information with potential diagnostic value.
Microscopic investigations and pharmacognostic techniques used for the standardization of herbal drug Nigella sativa L.
Authors: Rashid Sofia , Zafar Muhammad , Ahmad Mushtaq , Lone Farooq Ahmad , Shaheen Shabnum , Sultana Shazia , Ashfaq Shomaila , Shinwari Muhammad Ibrar
Published: October 2018

A comprehensive account on standardization of herbal drug Nigella sativa L. (Tukhm‐e‐Kalonji) by using microscopic as well as pharmacognostic parameters. In the field of herbal medicines, the main issues are quality, purity, and effectiveness, as in many cases herbal drugs are knowingly or unknowingly substituted or adulterated with similar species or varieties. In herbal market the seeds of N. sativa are commonly adultered with seeds of Allium cepa L. intentionally or accidentally due to their similar morphology. In the present study, the microscopic characterization of herbal drug was done by morphological, palynological, and anatomical features. A great diversity was found in anatomical features of two species, as irregular epidermal cells, actinocytic stomata, and nonglandular trichomes were found in N. sativa while in A. cepa epidermal cells were rectangular in shape, stomata type was paracytic, and trichomes were absent. Pharmacognostic characterization was made by fluorescence analysis and physiochemical parameters. Physicochemical parameters like moisture content, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, and water insoluble ash were also evaluated. The above parameters, being reported to the first time for the studied plant species, and are significant towards establishing the microscopic and pharmacognostic standards for future identification and authentication of genuine herbal drug.

Research highlights

Microscopic Investigations for the standardization of herbal drug Nigella sativa L. (Tukhm‐e‐Kalonji).

Pharmacognostic techniques are potentially significant for the standardization of herbal drug Nigella sativa in comparison with its adulterant.

Useful for preparation of standards for herbal pharmacopeia.
The effect of dental LED light‐curing unit photoactivation mode on 3D surface morphology of dental nanocomposites evaluated by two‐dimensional multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis
Authors: Ţălu Ştefan , Yadav Ram Pratap , Lainović Tijana , Méndez‐Albores Alia , Trejo Gabriel , Kukuruzović Dragan , Nezafat Negin Beryani , Shafiekhani Azizollah , Solaymani Shahram
Published: October 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two photoactivation modes of dental LED light‐curing unit (LCUs) (conventional and “Soft Start” mode) on surface texture parameters of two dental resin‐based nanocomposites. LED LCUs were considered as standard light‐curing devices in contemporary dental practice. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was applied to investigate surface morphology on 90 × 90 μm2 scanning area through 2D multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis with computational algorithms basis. In order to compare 3D surface roughness at nanometer scale, singularity spectrum f[α] was used which characterize local scale properties of multifractal nature of samples. The results confirmed that larger spectrum width Δα (Δα = αmax − αmin) of f(α) is associated with non‐uniform surface morphology. Moreover, materials whose polymerization was photoactivated by the “soft start” polymerization mode, showed better quality of the surface microstructure with lower values of AFM surface texture parameters.
Significance of ileal and/or cecal wall thickening on abdominal computed tomography in a tropical country
Authors: Kumar Amit , Rana Surinder S , Nada Ritambhra , Kalra Naveen , Sharma Ravi K , Dutta Usha , Gupta Rajesh
Published: October 2018

Background and Aim

Clinical significance of ileocecal thickening on computed tomography (CT) is uncertain. We conducted this prospective study to determine the clinical relevance of ileal and/or cecal thickening on CT.

Methods

All patients with ileocecal thickening on CT were prospectively evaluated with ileocolonoscopy, biopsy, and other relevant investigations.

Results

Fifty patients (29 males, mean age 36.8 ± 13.21 years) were studied. Thirty nine (78%) patients presented with abdominal pain. On CT, 46 (92%) had a thickened wall of terminal ileum, 25 (50%) cecum, and 21 (42%) of both cecum and ileum. The mean wall thickness of ileum and cecum on CT was 7.23 + 3.2 mm and 5.5 + 3.1 mm, respectively. Final diagnosis was tuberculosis in 24 (48%) patients, Crohn's disease (CD) in 10 (20%), and adenocarcinoma in 1 patient. Colonoscopy demonstrated abnormal findings in 41 patients (82% patients with mucosal ulcerations being most common (n = 20 (40%). Of 15 (30%) patients with ileocecal bowel wall thickening, 4 (8%) patients had normal colonoscopy and histopathology (incidental ileocecal wall thickening), and in the remaining 11 patients, histopathology showed non‐specific findings and these patients were asymptomatic without any specific treatment on last follow up ranging from 3 to 24 months. Involvement of cecum with ileocecal junction, ascending colon involvement, peri‐ileocecal stranding, and long‐segment stricture was significantly more common in patients with underlying disease as compared to nondiseased patients (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

A majority of patients with ileocecal wall thickening on CT have an underlying disease and should be further investigated by ileocolonoscopy and biopsy.
The noncervical lateral transverse foramina
Authors: Mizer Linda A. , Wahl Christina
Published: October 2018

The lateral vertebral foramen (LVF) is an osseous feature found in thoracic and lumbar vertebrae of some artiodactyls and perissodactyls. To learn more about the distribution and characteristics of the LVF, we examined museum specimens from the Smithsonian mammal collection and teaching specimens from the Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. We identified five anatomically different types of LVF and noted their occurrence in 60 species. The LVF varies from a deep lateral groove at the cranial intervertebral notch, to as many as three distinct foramina located bilaterally in the caudal half of each vertebra. A nomenclature was developed to describe these five distinctly different LVF forms. The interspecific distribution of the LVF varies from examples such as the gazelle Gazella spekei, where the LVF occurs only in the thoracic region, to others such as the Siberian musk deer Moschus berezovski, where the LVF is predominant only in the lumbar region. Others, such as the Bos (cows), have large LVF along most of both the thoracic and lumbar regions of the vertebral column. Some did not have any form of LVF, such as the Giraffidae (giraffes) and Cetacea (whales). No LVF were found in 15 species representing nine families of the outgroup Carnivora, thus the LVF appears to be a characteristic specific to the artiodactyls and perissodactyls.
Spectroscopic detection of brain propylene glycol in neonates: Effects of different pharmaceutical formulations of phenobarbital
Authors: Pouwels Petra J.W. , van de Lagemaat Monique , van de Pol Laura A. , Witjes Bregje C.M. , Zonnenberg Inge A.
Published: October 2018

Background

The first choice for treatment of neonatal convulsions is intravenous phenobarbital, which contains propylene glycol (PG) as a solvent. Although PG is generally considered safe, the dosage can exceed safety thresholds in neonates. High PG levels can cause lactic acidosis.

Purpose/Hypothesis

To investigate a relationship between brain PG concentration and medication administered to neonates, and to study if a correlation between spectroscopically detected PG and lactate was present.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

Forty‐one neonates who underwent MRI/MRS.

Field Strength/Sequence

Short echo time single voxel MRS at 1.5T.

Assessment

Spectra were quantified. Concentrations of PG were correlated with medication administered, because intravenously administered phenobarbital solutions contained 10, 25, or 50 mg phenobarbital per ml, all containing 350 mg PG per ml. The interval between medication and MRI/MRS was determined.

Statistical Tests

Chi‐square test, Student's t‐test, Mann–Whitney U‐test and Spearman correlation.

Results

Eighteen neonates had brain PG >1 mM (median 3.4 mM, maximum 9.5 mM). All 18 neonates with high brain PG and 14 neonates with low brain PG (<1 mM) received phenobarbital as the only source of PG. Nine neonates did not receive any phenobarbital/PG‐containing medication. Neonates with high brain PG more often received 10 mg/ml phenobarbital, resulting in higher PG dose (high vs. low brain PG (median [interquartile range]: 1400 [595] vs. 350 [595] mg/kg, respectively, P < 0.01). In addition, the interval between the last phenobarbital dose and MRI was shorter in the high brain PG group (high vs. low brain PG: 16 [21] vs. 95 [83] hours, respectively, P < 0.001). Within neonates that received phenobarbital, there was no conclusive correlation between spectroscopically detected PG and lactate (Spearman's rho = 0.23, P = 0.10).

Data Conclusion

These MRS findings may increase awareness of potentially toxic PG concentrations in the neonatal brain due to intravenous phenobarbital administration and its dependence on the phenobarbital formulation used.

Level of Evidence: 4

Technical Efficacy: Stage 5

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1062–1068.
Seasonal variation of precipitation over the Indochina Peninsula and its impact on the South China Sea spring warming
Authors: Yang Yiya , Wu Renguang
Published: October 2018

This study documents the seasonal variation of precipitation over the whole Indochina Peninsula (ICP) and associated changes in atmospheric winds and surface heat fluxes and investigates the impact of the ICP precipitation‐related heating and circulation on spring sea surface warming in the South China Sea (SCS). Climatologically, most of the ICP experiences the rainy season from May to October and the period from November to April is the dry season. The summer wet‐winter dry pattern dominates the seasonal rainfall variation in most regions and the maximum rainfall along the west coast occurs during June through August in association with monsoon westerly winds. A pronounced semi‐annual rainfall variation is observed along central Vietnam with a primary peak in October and a secondary peak in May, which is related to northeasterly and southwesterly winds, respectively. Surface heat fluxes change drastically over the ICP in March–April and play an important role in increasing the thermal contrast with the neighbouring waters and heating the atmospheric column, which causes upward motion and precipitation over the ICP. The induced compensatory downward motion over the northern SCS leads to an increase in downward shortwave radiation and a decrease in surface wind speed and turbulent heat fluxes, which contributes to the SCS warming before the summer monsoon onset.
Variable correspondence between western North Pacific tropical cyclone frequency and East Asian subtropical jet stream during boreal summer: A tropical Pacific sea surface temperature perspective
Authors: Hu Chundi , Zhang Chengyang , Yang Song , Chen Dake
Published: October 2018

Fluctuations in the summer relationship between western North Pacific tropical cyclone (TC) frequency (TCF) and East Asian subtropical jet stream (EAJS) are investigated using observations and composite analysis. Here TCF is divided into four categories to assess how different tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies modulate TCF‐EAJS associations. Results show that high TCF would weaken (strengthen) the south (north) part of EAJS, but with different locally poleward shifts during La Niña‐ and El Niño‐like events. In contrast, during low TCF, a clearly southward shifted, strengthened EAJS occurs only when the western Pacific SST cools, but no significant change is observed when the western Pacific SST warms up. Further analysis shows that the possible reason why TCF has diverse linkages to EAJS is that the TC genesis locations and TC tracks are quite different under different tropical Pacific SST anomalies, even for quasi‐constant TCF. Potential mechanisms responsible for the changing TCF‐EAJS associations can be physically explained by the exceptional configurations of tropospheric meridional temperature gradient anomaly and the deformed‐and‐displaced Pacific–Japan‐like wavetrain, which is mainly due to non‐negligible differences in large‐scale oceanic and atmospheric environments that modulate the TC genesis locations and TC tracks. This study highlights the importance of a tropical SST perspective when analysing TCF‐EAJS associations.
Effect of carob variety and roasting on the antioxidant capacity, and the phenolic and furanic contents of carob liquors
Authors: Rodríguez‐Solana Raquel , Salgado José M , Pérez‐Santín Efrén , Romano Anabela
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND

The production of the traditional carob liquor from Algarve (Portugal) depends on numerous factors such as carob processing, variety and maceration conditions. An experimental design with 36 runs was created to evaluate the effect of the roasting temperature, particle size, variety of carob and time of maceration on several parameters of carob liquors as gallic acid and total phenolic content, the furanic composition (furfural and 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural), browning index and in vitro antioxidant capacity.

RESULTS

The results revealed that carob variety was the independent variable with the greatest effect on antioxidant capacity, total phenolic and gallic acid content. In particular, AIDA liquors presented the highest results, mainly those prepared with unroasted carob. Meanwhile, Galhosa and Mulata liquors showed the greatest concentrations when the carob pulp was roasted at 150 °C. The furanic composition and browning index were greatly influenced by the carob roasting degree.

CONCLUSION

The levels of the main toxic furanics present in carob liquors, furfural and 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural, suggest a safe consumption of these beverages even in samples of carobs with the maximum roasting degree. The smallest carob particle size favoured the highest phenolic extraction, while the longest maceration periods decreased the concentration of the toxic furanic compounds studied. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Rice malting optimization for the production of top‐fermented gluten‐free beer
Authors: Ceccaroni Dayana , Marconi Ombretta , Sileoni Valeria , Wray Edward , Perretti Giuseppe
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND

A safe method to obtain gluten‐free beer led to the use of naturally gluten‐free grains, such as rice, but the specific malting program for rice is long and requires a large amount of water, and the resulting beer showed a flat flavour profile. In this study, an optimization of the malting and brewing procedure is proposed to overcome the aforementioned issues. Different steeping conditions and kilning temperatures are considered, and a top‐fermented beverage from rice malt is obtained for the first time.

RESULTS

The malting procedure has been optimized by assessing the use of short‐time steeping as an alternate to long air rest to obtain sufficient moisture content in the green malt, saving water consumption. The malt obtained allowed a regular fermentation, as confirmed by the sensorial analysis, which did not reveal any off‐flavours. The use of a top‐fermenting yeast formed high content of higher alcohol and relatively low amount of esters.

CONCLUSION

This study confirms the potential of rice for the production of malt and beer. The optimized malting programme allowed water saving. The production of a top‐fermented rice malt beer was a successful attempt to introduce a new flavoured product for consumption by individuals affected by coeliac disease. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Diversity of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from pigs in a French slaughterhouse over 2 years
Authors: Raymond Pierre , Houard Emmanuelle , Denis Martine , Esnault Emilie
Published: October 2018

The pig is one of the main reservoirs of Yersinia enterocolitica strains pathogenic to humans. A description of the Y. enterocolitica population in this reservoir, and accurate discriminatory techniques for typing isolates are needed for prevention, outbreak investigation, and surveillance. This study investigates the genetic diversity of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica isolates obtained from pig tonsils in a French pig slaughterhouse in 2009 (S1) and 2010 (S2). The use of Pulsed‐Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and MLVA as typing techniques was also compared and evaluated. First, a total of 167 isolates (12 of biotype 3 recovered during S1, and 155 of biotype 4 recovered during S1 and S2) were typed by PFGE using the XbaI enzyme. MLVA was then tested on all the biotype 3 isolates in addition to 70 selected biotype 4 isolates recovered over the 2 years. PFGE generated two specific XbaI‐PFGE profiles for biotype 3 isolates. Nine XbaI profiles were obtained for biotype 4, with a higher diversity (ID = 0.599) than biotype 3 (ID = 0.167). Two out of the nine XbaI profiles were reported during both surveys and at different months. MLVA improved the differentiation between isolates; the index of diversity reached 0.621 and 0.958, respectively, for biotype 3 (three MLVA types) and biotype 4 (32 MLVA types). The MLVA types for biotype 4 differed over the two surveys, but some isolates with different MLVA types were genetically closely related. This study provides an initial evaluation of the genetic diversity of Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from pigs in France. We show that some PFGE profiles are maintained in the pig production sector, and, through MLVA, that part of the Y. enterocolitica population remained genetically close over the two years. MLVA proved its effectiveness as a tool for investigating pathogenic Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from pigs.
Establishment and assessment of hourly high‐resolution gridded air temperature data sets in Zhejiang, China
Authors: Chen Feng , Yang Xuchao , Ji Chunxiao , Li Yuejun , Deng Fangping , Dong Meiying
Published: October 2018

A high temporal–spatial resolution (1 hr/1 km) gridded temperature data set with a long time‐series (2006–2015) is established for Zhejiang province, China, which has a complex terrain, including plains, hills, basins, mountains, islands and oceans. A comprehensive analysis method is used to combine regional surface station data with reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) such that the observations at the stations are reproduced, and the reanalysis data provide the spatial structure for the interpolation. The elevation correction method and inverse distance‐weighted interpolation method are selected for comparison. The quality of the data set is evaluated and analysed by comparison with the cross‐validation results, third‐party data validation and other gridded data sets. The results show that the comprehensive analysis method provides the best outcome, followed by the inverse distance‐weighted method, and the reanalysis data elevation correction method has the worst result. The temperature error obtained from the gridding methods increases with altitude, decreases with increasing station density and varies with different synoptic conditions. The obtained data set can describe the temperature feature of peaks and valleys more precisely, which produces lower errors and higher spatial correlation co‐efficients compared with observation than the other gridded data sets. Therefore, the established data set can meet the needs of fine meteorological businesses and has potential applications in many fields.
Novel insights into in‐vivo diffusion tensor cardiovascular magnetic resonance using computational modelling and a histology‐based virtual microstructure
Authors: Rose Jan N. , Nielles‐Vallespin Sonia , Ferreira Pedro F. , Firmin David N. , Scott Andrew D. , Doorly Denis J.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

To develop histology‐informed simulations of diffusion tensor cardiovascular magnetic resonance (DT‐CMR) for typical in‐vivo pulse sequences and determine their sensitivity to changes in extra‐cellular space (ECS) and other microstructural parameters.

Methods

We synthesised the DT‐CMR signal from Monte Carlo random walk simulations. The virtual tissue was based on porcine histology. The cells were thickened and then shrunk to modify ECS. We also created idealised geometries using cuboids in regular arrangement, matching the extra‐cellular volume fraction (ECV) of 16–40%. The simulated voxel size was 2.8 × 2.8 × 8.0 mm3 for pulse sequences covering short and long diffusion times: Stejskal–Tanner pulsed‐gradient spin echo, second‐order motion‐compensated spin echo, and stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM), with clinically available gradient strengths.

Results

The primary diffusion tensor eigenvalue increases linearly with ECV at a similar rate for all simulated geometries. Mean diffusivity (MD) varies linearly, too, but is higher for the substrates with more uniformly distributed ECS. Fractional anisotropy (FA) for the histology‐based geometry is higher than the idealised geometry with low sensitivity to ECV, except for the long mixing time of the STEAM sequence. Varying the intra‐cellular diffusivity (DIC) results in large changes of MD and FA. Varying extra‐cellular diffusivity or using stronger gradients has minor effects on FA. Uncertainties of the primary eigenvector orientation are reduced using STEAM.

Conclusions

We found that the distribution of ECS has a measurable impact on DT‐CMR parameters. The observed sensitivity of MD and FA to ECV and DIC has potentially interesting applications for interpreting in‐vivo DT‐CMR parameters.
Phenotypic and molecular dissection of metaplastic breast cancer and the prognostic implications
Authors: McCart Reed Amy Ellen , Kalaw Emarene , Nones Katia , Bettington Mark , Lim Malcolm , Bennett James , Johnstone Kate , Kutasovic Jamie Rose , Saunus Jodi Marie , Kazakoff Stephen , Xu Qinying , Wood Scott , Holmes Oliver , Leonard Conrad , Reid Lynne Estelle , Black Debra , Niland Colleen , Ferguson Kaltin , Gresshoff Irma , Raghavendra Ashwini , Harvey Kate , Cooper Caroline , Liu Cheng , Kalinowski Lauren , Reid Andrew Scott , Davidson Morgan , Pearson John V , Pathmanathan Nirmala , Tse Gary , Papadimos David , Pathmanathan Rajadurai , Harris Gavin , Yamaguchi Rin , Tan Puay Hoon , Fox Stephen B , O'Toole Sandra A , Simpson Peter Thomas , Waddell Nicola , Lakhani Sunil R
Published: October 2018

Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is relatively rare but accounts for a significant proportion of global breast cancer mortality. This group is extremely heterogeneous and by definition exhibits metaplastic change to squamous and/or mesenchymal elements, including spindle, squamous, chondroid, osseous, and rhabdomyoid features. Clinically, patients are more likely to present with large primary tumours (higher stage), distant metastases, and overall, have shorter 5‐year survival compared to invasive carcinomas of no special type. The current World Health Organisation (WHO) diagnostic classification for this cancer type is based purely on morphology – the biological basis and clinical relevance of its seven sub‐categories are currently unclear. By establishing the Asia‐Pacific MBC (AP‐MBC) Consortium, we amassed a large series of MBCs (n = 347) and analysed the mutation profile of a subset, expression of 14 breast cancer biomarkers, and clinicopathological correlates, contextualising our findings within the WHO guidelines. The most significant indicators of poor prognosis were large tumour size (T3; p = 0.004), loss of cytokeratin expression (lack of staining with pan‐cytokeratin AE1/3 antibody; p = 0.007), EGFR overexpression (p = 0.01), and for ‘mixed’ MBC, the presence of more than three distinct morphological entities (p = 0.007). Conversely, fewer morphological components and EGFR negativity were favourable indicators. Exome sequencing of 30 cases confirmed enrichment of TP53 and PTEN mutations, and intriguingly, concurrent mutations of TP53, PTEN, and PIK3CA. Mutations in neurofibromatosis‐1 (NF1) were also overrepresented [16.7% MBCs compared to ∼5% of breast cancers overall; enrichment p = 0.028; mutation significance p = 0.006 (OncodriveFM)], consistent with published case reports implicating germline NF1 mutations in MBC risk. Taken together, we propose a practically minor but clinically significant modification to the guidelines: all WHO_1 mixed‐type tumours should have the number of morphologies present recorded, as a mechanism for refining prognosis, and that EGFR and pan‐cytokeratin expression are important prognostic markers. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of synthesis conditions on the production of molecularly imprinted polymers for the selective recovery of isovaleric acid from anaerobic effluents
Authors: Tonucci Marina C , Fidélis Ana Luíza S , Baeta Bruno Eduardo L , Tarley César Ricardo T , de Aquino Sérgio F
Published: October 2018

Two molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) – poly(methacrylic acid‐co‐TRIM) (TRIM, trimethylolpropanetrimethacrylate) and poly(acylamide‐co‐TRIM) – were synthesized in different solvents for the selective recovery of isovaleric acid (template) generated during the anaerobic digestion process. The chemical and structural characterizations of the synthetic adsorbent were carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, TGA and porosimetry through N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms. The selective and adsorptive performances of the imprinted polymers were evaluated by kinetic, isothermal, thermodynamic and selectivity studies and by adsorbent reuse experiments. The poly(methacrylic acid‐co‐TRIM) synthesized with dimethyl sulfoxide:chloroform presented higher selectivity and adsorption capacity for isovaleric acid in the presence of six volatile fatty acids. The kinetic results were well adjusted to the pseudo‐nth order and intraparticle diffusion models, leading to k values of 10−4 and 6 × 10−5 for the best synthesis of MIPs and not‐imprinted polymers, respectively. Moreover, the Sips model best described the adsorption isotherm and generated a maximum adsorption capacity of ca 209 mg g−1 (at 25 °C). Cycles of MIP use–desorption–reuse indicated that the selective adsorbent performed better than commercial adsorbents, losing less than 3% of adsorption capacity after three cycles. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Land and access: A framework for analysing mining, migration and development in Melanesia
Authors: Bainton Nicholas A. , Banks Glenn
Published: October 2018

In this paper we propose that we can best make sense of mining‐induced in‐migration in Melanesia through the dual frame of “land” and “access”, which can both be seen as a type of “capital” or “asset” in the way that Anthony Bebbington used these terms in his well‐known “capitals and capabilities” framework for analysing rural livelihoods. The concept of land provides a useful point of entry for understanding the relationship between mining, migration and development in this setting. We argue that if land is central to the making of social relations in Melanesia (that land is a social relation), then mining changes the meaning and values that can flow from land, and these changes induce manoeuvres on the part of residents and in‐migrants as they attempt to control or become part of the social relations that constitute land in order to access the development benefits derived from mining activities. In the end, these actions remake place, and irrevocably reshape relationships and senses of place that precede mining.
The industrial ethic, corporate refusal and the demise of the social function in mining
Authors: Kemp Deanna , Owen John R.
Published: October 2018

The social function in mining is in a state of decline. Recent changes among the world's major mining companies suggest that corporations are responding to the dual pressure of profit maximization and sustainable development by cutting back on the social function of their business. Our approach draws on two conceptual platforms to describe and analyse the development and the subsequent demise of the “social function” in the global mining industry. This approach captures the various exchanges that occur within and across place defining boundaries of “company” and “community”, and importantly, as a means for explaining the significance of changes to the industry's organizational configurations. We argue that mining companies are places of refusal and resistance. A redirection of organizational flows of capital, information and other resources is required for mining companies to meet the increasing demand for social performance capability, and avoid creating costly legacies for the future.
AFTERWORD Places, migration and sustainability: anthropological reflections on mining and movement
Authors: Macintyre Martha
Published: October 2018

Based on ethnographic research around the Misima and Lihir gold mines in Papua New Guinea, this Afterword provides anthropological reflections on the main themes of the articles in this issue. Endorsing the call for interdisciplinary research on mining, I present instantiations of the varying meanings of place, migration and sustainability. I describe variations in perceptions of place between different sites and these are also subject to change over time. The commoditization of land and engagement with capitalism profoundly alter knowledge and understanding of place and ideals of development. Migration occurs at different rates over the life of the mine but has a lasting effect on the stability of the community and its economic sustainability. Mining companies often resort to simplistic and inadequate solutions to the environmental and social problems created by their projects.
What's the value of being different when everyone is? The effects of distinctiveness on performance in homogeneous versus heterogeneous categories
Authors: Haans Richard F. J.
Published: October 2018

Research Summary

Is moderate distinctiveness optimal for performance? Answers to this question have been mixed, with both inverted U and U‐shaped relationships being argued for and found in the literature. I show how nearly identical mechanisms driving the distinctiveness‐performance relationship can yield both U‐shaped and inverted U‐shaped effects due to differences in relative strength, rather than their countervailing nature. Incorporating distinctiveness heterogeneity, I theorize a U‐shaped effect in homogeneous categories that flattens into an inverted U in heterogeneous categories. Results combining a topic model of 69,188 organizational websites with survey data from 2,279 participants in the Dutch creative industries show a U‐shaped effect in homogeneous categories, flattening and then disappearing in more heterogeneous categories. How distinctiveness affects performance thus depends entirely on how distinct others are.

Managerial Summary

A core strategy recommendation is to be different from competitors. Recent work highlights the notion of optimal distinctiveness—being different enough to escape competition yet similar enough to be legitimate, thus yielding the highest performance. This article challenges the notion that one “optimal” level of distinctiveness exists and focuses on distinctiveness heterogeneity (representing variation in firm positions in a category) as a key contextual factor. Results from a sample of firms in the Dutch creative industries show that either being entirely different or entirely the same to competitors pays off when one's category is very homogeneous. However, being different loses its performance effects entirely when heterogeneity in firm positions is higher. Being different from competitors, therefore, no longer pays when others tend to be different, too.
Application of data mining methods for effort estimation of software projects
Authors: Karna Hrvoje , Vicković Linda , Gotovac Sven
Published: October 2018

Information technology companies currently use data mining techniques in different areas with the goal of increasing the quality of decision‐making and to improve their business performance. The study described in this paper uses a data mining approach to produce an effort estimation of a software development process. It is based on data collected in a Croatian information technology company. The study examined 27 software projects with a total effort exceeding 42 000 work hours. The presented model employs a modified Cross‐Industry Standard Process for Data Mining, where prior to model creation, additional clustering of projects is performed. The results generated by the proposed approach generally had a smaller effort estimation error than the results of human experts. The applied approach has proved that sound results can be gained through the use of data mining within the studied area. As a result, it would be wise to use such estimates as additional input in the decision‐making process.
Cyclic behavior of unit bucket for tripod foundation system supporting offshore wind turbine via model tests
Authors: Jeong Yeong‐Hoon , Kim Jae‐Hyun , Park Heon‐Joon , Kim Dong‐Soo
Published: October 2018

Offshore wind energy has been growing up as a promising renewable energy source. Recently, tripod suction bucket foundation is rapidly expanding as a foundation system supporting the offshore wind turbine. In offshore environment, wind turbine foundation structures should be designed considering cyclic loading which can lead to permanent deformation of structure, tilting problem, and overall degradation of soil stiffness. However, it is technically difficult to predict the cyclic behavior of the tripod accurately because the cyclic behaviors of the tripod bucket can be inferred from vertical pullout and compression behaviors of each single bucket elements. In this paper, a series of model tests was performed by applying cyclic vertical compression and extension loadings to a single bucket element that is one element of the tripod foundation. Loading directions, level, and rate were controlled for investigating of cyclic behavior of tripod foundation. On the basis of testing results, the permanent deformation and cyclic stiffness response of tripod suction caisson were discussed. Based on the test results, it was confirmed that the cyclic behavior of the single bucket is affected by the load level and rate. In addition, the behavior showed quite different trends with the loading directions: compression, pullout, and two‐way.
Implications of Higgs discovery for the strong CP problem and unification
Authors: Hall Lawrence J. , Harigaya Keisuke
Published: October 2018

Abstract

A Z
2 symmetry that extends the weak interaction, SU(2)
L
→ SU(2)
L
×SU(2)′, and the Higgs sector, H(2) → H(2, 1) + H
′(1, 2), yields a Standard Model quartic coupling that vanishes at scale v

′
= 〈H
′〉 ≫ 〈H〉. Near v

′
, theories either have a “prime” sector, or possess “Left-Right” (LR) symmetry with SU(2)′ = SU(2)
R
. If the Z
2 symmetry incorporates spacetime parity, these theories can solve the strong CP problem. The LR theories have all quark and lepton masses arising from operators of dimension 5 or more, requiring Froggatt-Nielsen structures. Two-loop contributions to

$$ \overline{\theta} $$

θ
¯

are estimated and typically lead to a neutron electric dipole moment of order 10−27e cm that can be observed in future experiments. Minimal models, with gauge group SU(3) × SU(2)
L
× SU(2)
L
× U(1)
B−L
, have precise gauge coupling unification for v
′ = 1010±1 GeV, successfully correlating gauge unification with the observed Higgs mass of 125 GeV. With SU(3) × U(1)
B−L
embedded in SU(4), the central value of the unification scale is reduced from 1016−17 GeV to below 1016 GeV, improving the likelihood of proton decay discovery. Unified theories based on SO(10) × CP are constructed that have H + H
′ in a 16 or 144 and generate higher-dimensional flavor operators, while maintaining perturbative gauge couplings.
INTERRELATION BETWEEN WEAK FRAGMENTS OF DOUBLE NEGATION SHIFT AND RELATED PRINCIPLES
Authors: FUJIWARA MAKOTO , KOHLENBACH ULRICH
Published: October 2018

We investigate two weak fragments of the double negation shift schema, which are motivated, respectively, from Spector’s consistency proof of ACA0 and from the negative translation of RCA0, as well as double negated variants of logical principles. Their interrelations over both intuitionistic arithmetic and analysis are completely solved.
THE SOLIDITY AND NONSOLIDITY OF INITIAL SEGMENTS OF THE CORE MODEL
Authors: FUCHS GUNTER , SCHINDLER RALF
Published: October 2018

It is shown that $K|{\omega _1}$ need not be solid in the sense previously introduced by the authors: it is consistent that there is no inner model with a Woodin cardinal yet there is an inner model W and a Cohen real x over W such that $K|{\omega _1}\,\, \in \,\,W[x] \setminus W$. However, if ${0^{\rm{\P}}}$ does not exist and $\kappa \ge {\omega _2}$ is a cardinal, then $K|\kappa$ is solid. We draw the conclusion that solidity is not forcing absolute in general, and that under the assumption of $\neg {0^{\rm{\P}}}$, the core model is contained in the solid core, previously introduced by the authors.

It is also shown, assuming ${0^{\rm{\P}}}$ does not exist, that if there is a forcing that preserves ${\omega _1}$, forces that every real has a sharp, and increases $\delta _2^1$, then ${\omega _1}$ is measurable in K.
PAISAJES INKA EN EL CENTRO-OESTE DE CATAMARCA (ARGENTINA)
Authors: Lynch Julieta , Giovannetti Marco Antonio
Published: October 2018

Este trabajo focaliza sobre la problemática del Tawantinsuyu y su relación con las poblaciones locales en el sector centro-oeste de la provincia de Catamarca, Argentina, específicamente en los valles de Hualfín y Quimivil. Esta área tiene una ocupación humana temprana de tipo aldeana pastoril agrícola que se manifiesta en varios sitios arqueológicos con patrones locales. El arribo de los Inkas a este sector del Noroeste argentino, a partir de la primera mitad del siglo quince dC, introdujo una nueva forma paisajística manifiesta en importantes cambios. Sin embargo, la población local, con una aparente ausencia de conflicto militar, pareciera mantener algunos elementos de su identidad sin mayores transformaciones. En este trabajo exploramos los diferentes modos implementados por los Inkas para articular las realidades de la población local al momento de incorporar estos nuevos territorios. Estos temas son explorados a partir de la evidencia de los sitios arqueológicos de El Shincal, Hualfín Inka, Los Colorados, Quillay, Villavil y Villavil 2.
SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE SOCIAL ECOLOGY OF BREASTFEEDING: A MIXED METHODS ANALYSIS OF THE BREASTFEEDING VIEWS OF EXPECTANT MOTHERS AND FATHERS IN THE US EXPOSED TO ADVERSITY
Authors: Dayton Carolyn J. , Johnson Angela , Hicks Laurel M. , Goletz Jessica , Brown Suzanne , Primuse Trazell , Green Kiddada , Nordin Myung Ae , Welch Robert , Muzik Maria
Published: October 2018

Despite the significant health benefits of breastfeeding for the mother and the infant, economic class and race disparities in breastfeeding rates persist. Support for breastfeeding from the father of the infant is associated with higher rates of breastfeeding initiation. However, little is known about the factors that may promote or deter father support of breastfeeding, especially in fathers exposed to contextual adversity such as poverty and violence. Using a mixed methods approach, the primary aims of the current work were to (1) elicit, using qualitative methodology, the worries, barriers and promotive factors for breastfeeding that expectant mothers and fathers identify as they prepare to parent a new infant, and (2) to examine factors that influence the parental breastfeeding intentions of both mothers and fathers using quantitative methodology. A sample (N=95) of expectant, third trimester mothers and fathers living in a low-income, urban environment in Midwestern USA, were interviewed from October 2013 to February 2015 about their infant feeding intentions. Compared with fathers, mothers more often identified the benefits of breastfeeding for the infant’s health and the economic advantage of breastfeeding. Mothers also identified more personal and community breastfeeding support resources. Fathers viewed their own support of breastfeeding as important but expressed a lack of knowledge about the breastfeeding process and often excluded themselves from discussions about infant feeding. The results point to important targets for interventions that aim to increase breastfeeding initiation rates in vulnerable populations in the US by increasing father support for breastfeeding.
Dynamics of policy change in authoritarian countries: a multiple-case study on China
Authors: Wu Yipin
Published: October 2018

Using evidence from China, this study proposes the conflict expansion model to explore how pressure for policy change can build up to overcome resisting force and stimulate a response from decisionmakers in an authoritarian context. Tracing the policy change processes of four national policies, this study finds that the social pressure mobilised by media reports focused on specific events is a major force for facilitating policy change in China. However, owing to institutional constraints, the influences of societal actors are sporadic, incident-based and varied by population. The policy change process is protracted and difficult when it encounters resistance from state actors who have multiple institutional access channels for influencing the decision-making process. The power distribution between the facilitating and resisting forces determines whether policy change proceeds quickly or arduously.
TO PROFIT MAXIMIZE, OR NOT TO PROFIT MAXIMIZE: FOR FIRMS, THIS IS A VALID QUESTION
Authors: Robson Gregory
Published: October 2018

According to an influential argument in business ethics and economics, firms are normatively required to maximize their contributions to social welfare, and the way to do this is to maximize their profits. Against Michael Jensen's version of the argument, I argue that even if firms are required to maximize their social welfare contributions, they are not necessarily required to maximize their profits. I also consider and reply to Waheed Hussain's ‘personal sphere’ critique of Jensen. My distinct challenge to Jensen seems to me fatal to any view according to which firms are normatively required to maximize their profits.
The structure of triple homomorphisms onto prime algebras
Authors: LIU CHENG–KAI
Published: October 2018

Triple homomorphisms on C*-algebras and JB*-triples have been studied in the literature. From the viewpoint of associative algebras, we characterise the structure of triple homomorphisms from an arbitrary ⋆-algebra onto a prime *-algebra. As an application, we prove that every triple homomorphism from a Banach ⋆-algebra onto a prime semisimple idempotent Banach *-algebra is continuous. The analogous results for prime C*-algebras and standard operator *-algebras on Hilbert spaces are also described.
Preliminary dosimetric evaluation of 90Y-BPAMD as a potential agent for bone marrow ablative therapy
Authors: Rabiei Ali , Yousefnia Hassan , Zolghadri Samaneh , Shamsaei Mojtaba
Published: October 2018

Aim

Bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals are potential therapeutic tools for bone marrow ablation in patients with multiple myeloma. In this procedure, estimation of radiation absorbed dose received by the target and non-target organs is one of the most important parameters that should be undertaken. This research revolves around the absorbed dose to human organs after 90Y-BPAMD injection.

Materials and methods

90Y-(4-{[(bis(phosphonomethyl))carbamoyl]methyl}-7,10-bis(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl) acetic acid (90Y-BPAMD) complex was successfully prepared under optimised conditions. The human absorbed dose of the complex was estimated based on the biodistribution data on rats using the radiation-absorbed dose-assessment resource method. The target to non-target absorbed dose ratios for the complex was compared with the ratios for 166Ho-DOTMP, as the main radiopharmaceutical for bone marrow ablation.

Results

As expected, the highest amounts of absorbed dose were observed in the bone surface and the bone marrow with 2·52 and 2·29 mGy/MBq, respectively. The red marrow to the most organ absorbed dose ratios for 90Y-BPAMD are much higher than the ratios for 166Ho-DOTMP.

Findings

90Y-BPAMD has interesting characteristics compared with 166Ho-DOTMP and can be considered as a high potential agent for bone marrow ablative therapy of the patient with multiple myeloma.
How Old Is the Mekong River Valley?
Authors: Kornei Katherine
Published: October 2018

Granite samples collected from the Mekong River Valley reveal that the river’s path was incised roughly 17 million years ago, most likely by increased erosion from monsoon precipitation.