bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk of Gastric and Small Intestinal Cancer in Patients With Lynch Syndrome: Data From a Large, Community-Based US Population
Authors: Lin Christina F. , Carwana Holly E. , Jiang Sheng-Fang , Li Dan
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Risk of gastric and small intestinal cancer in Lynch syndrome (LS) remains poorly understood. We investigated the risk of gastric and small intestinal cancer in patients with LS in a large, community-based population.

METHODS:

This retrospective cohort study included all patients diagnosed with LS between January 1, 1997, and December 31, 2020, at Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Cumulative incidence of gastric cancer and small intestinal cancer was calculated using competing risk methodology.

RESULTS:

Among 1,106 patients with LS with a median follow-up of 19.3 years (interquartile range [IQR] 9.4–24.0 years), 11 developed gastric cancer (8 MSH2, 2 MLH1 and 1 PMS2) with a median diagnosis age of 56 years (IQR 42–63 years) and 11 developed small intestinal cancer (6 MSH2, 3 MLH1, 1 MSH6 and 1 PMS2) with a median diagnosis age of 57 years (IQR 50–66 years). Cumulative incidence by age 80 years was 7.26% (95% confidence internal [CI], 1.80–18.03%) for men and 3.43% (95% CI, 0.50–11.71%) for women for gastric cancer and 7.28% (95% CI, 3.19–13.63%) for men and 2.21% (95% CI, 0.23–9.19%) for women for small intestinal cancer. Pathogenic variant carriers of MSH2 and MLH1 had the highest risk of gastric and small intestinal cancer. History of Helicobacter pylori infection was associated with increased risk of gastric cancer (adjusted odds ratio 5.52; 95% CI, 1.72–17.75).

DISCUSSION:

Patients with LS, particularly MSH2 and MLH1 pathogenic variant carriers, had significantly increased lifetime risk of gastric and small intestinal cancer. Testing and treatment of H. pylori infection should be considered for all patients with LS.
The Investigation of KH560 Coupling Agent with Carbon Fiber One Step Dipping Method Compared with Functionalized Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Murthy Soppari Bhanu , Nath N.Kishore , Babu P. Ramesh
Published: June 2024

Interlaminar and interfacial properties of composites are important parameters for any application, extensive research has been out bursting to enhance the above properties using nanotubes (NTs) as an alternate solution to minimize delamination of laminates. This research focused on significance of functionalized engineering materials for better efficiency in industries, especially stealth technology. Silane-coupling agent “3-glycidyletheroxypropyl-tri methoxy silane, KH-560” is one module among five modules designed in this work. Five modules are considered as (M1, M2, M3, M4 & M5) with (0.5wt% of AMINE, CARBOXYL, multi wall carbon nano tubes (MWCNTs), 5% KH-560 treated carbon laminate and finally with base carbon fiber). PAN-based 12k carbon fiber as base fiber with functionalized and non-functionalized nanocomposite are incorporated as fillers in the epoxy laminates fabricated using vacuum bagging technique. Findings indicated 5% KH-560 silane treated carbon fiber (module M5) showed best results such as properties with 39%,55% and 20% in “tensile, flexural and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS)” respectively. FESEM analysis is conducted to understand morphology of the laminates.
Effect of Porosity on the Free Vibration Analysis of a Rotating Pretwisted Sandwich Blade with a Functionally Graded Core in the Thermal Environment
Authors: Pandey Shashank
Published: June 2024

This work deals with the investigation of the effect of porosity on the natural frequencies of the rotating pretwisted sandwich blade with a functionally graded core in the thermal environment. The top metallic and the bottom ceramic surfaces are exposed to ambient temperature and high inlet temperature, respectively. A finite element approach using a layerwise theory is developed. Two different porosity distributions are assumed here. The effect of the volume fraction index, rotational velocity, porosity model and temperature gradient on the natural frequencies of the pretwisted sandwich blade is studied.
Prediction of Mechanical Response of Nickel based Superalloy Subjected to Creep Fatigue Interaction Loading using Unified Mechanics Theory
Authors: Mangal Saurabh , C Lakshmana Rao , Kambhammettu Sri Krishna Sudhamsu , Chellapandi Perumal
Published: June 2024

In order to simulate and predict material's real-time responses for a component under complex mechanical and thermal loads, continuum damage mechanics (CDM) is employed. However, majority of the models found in the literature are phenomenological and primarily based on curve fitting, which offer limited understanding of the underlying physics of the problem. A few physics-based models have been developed that provide greater insights. Unified mechanics theory (UMT) is one such approach that captures entropy generation due to various dissipative mechanism which aims to explain the physics of the problem. During hold time in strain-controlled creep-fatigue interaction loading, stress relaxation is observed. This study attempts to capture stress relaxation response due to creep-fatigue interaction of nickel-based superalloys using UMT, which is regarded as a more scientific method than simply fitting curves. The evolution of creep strain energy with hold time is used to understand how material ages over time due to stress relaxation during creep-fatigue interaction loading.
Advances in Solid Mechanics and Composites
Authors: Kumar P. Praveen
Published: June 2024

Applied mechanics is a scientific discipline that focuses on the study of various laws of mechanics and their application in solving engineering problems. The Indian Society for Applied Mechanics (ISAM) organizes conferences focused on various areas of applied mechanics, encompassing solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, and biomechanics. The fifth Indian Conference on Applied Mechanics (INCAM-2022) was jointly organized by the Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Jamshedpur, and ISAM during November 11-13, 2022 at Jamshedpur in India. It provided a technical platform for researchers and academicians to present their research work and discuss the broad field of applied mechanics.........
Die regionale Entwicklung der Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen 1972 bis 1978
Authors: Sommerfeldt Petra
Published: June 2024

Fragestellung ist, wie sich das Erwerbsverhalten von Frauen in einer Zeit sich verschlechternder Arbeitsmarktlage verändert und welche regionalen Unterschiede die Veränderung aufweist. Ausgewertet werden die Mikrozensen 1972 und 1978 (l%ige Stichproben) für drei lebenszyklusspezifische Altersgruppen von Frauen. Die Gruppe der 15- bis 24jährigen befindet sich in der Ausbildungsphase, die der 25- bis 44jährigen in der Familienphase und die der 45- bis 64jährigen in einer Phase, in der die Kinder bereits herangewachsen sind.Unter Einhaltung eines bestimmten Genauigkeitsanspruchs an die Stichprobenergebnisse ist eine Regionalisierung der Daten auf der Ebene von 45 wirtschaftsstrukturell ähnlichen Regionen möglich.Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß bei der Analyse der Entwicklung von Erwerbspersonenquoten eine Differenzierung der Frauen nach Altersgruppen unbedingt erforderlich ist. Denn hinter der zwischen 1972 und 1978 fast konstant gebliebenen Gesamterwerbspersonenquote der Frauen verbergen sich ein starker Rückgang der Erwerbsbeteiligung bei den 15- bis 24jährigen und eine starke Zunahme bei den 25- bis 44jährigen Frauen. Diese Veränderungen weisen allerdings deutliche regionale Unterschiede auf. So sind die Erwerbspersonenquoten der 15- bis 24jährigen Frauen in den Regionen von Rheinland-Pfalz, Baden-Württemberg und Bayern nur wenig gesunken, obwohl die Ausgangsquoten 1972 sehr hoch waren. In der Gruppe der 25- bis 44jährigen Frauen sind starke Zunahmen sowohl in Regionen mit niedrigen Ausgangsquoten (Schleswig-Holstein, Sauer‑, Sieger‑, Saarland) als auch in solchen mit hohen Quoten 1972 (z. B. Hamburg, Regionen in Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen und Hessen) festzustellen. Von einer regionalen Angleichung der Erwerbspersonenquoten kann in dieser zahlenmäßig stärksten Gruppe von Frauen nicht gesprochen werden. In der Gruppe der 45- bis 64jährigen Frauen zeigt die Veränderung der Erwerbspersonenquote keinen überwiegenden Trend zur Zu- oder Abnahme, sondern ein regional uneinheitliches Bild.Komponentenanalysen für jede Altersgruppe belegen die große quantitative Bedeutung der Verhaltenskomponente bei der Veränderung des Erwerbspotentials, die der der demographischen Komponente mindestens gleichrangig ist. Regionalisierte Erwerbspersonenprognosen müssen die regional unterschiedlichen Verhaltensänderungen als bedeutsame Faktoren der Veränderung des Erwerbspotentials einbeziehen.
Regionales Arbeitsplatzwachstum durch kleine und mittlere Betriebe: Stellenwert und Forschungsfragen
Authors: Derenbach Rolf
Published: June 2024

In den Programmen und Maßnahmen regionaler Entwicklungspolitik sind bisher die kleinen und mittleren Gewerbebetriebe kaum berücksichtigt worden. Verschiedene ausländische und neuere deutsche Untersuchungen zeigen aber, daß sich das Arbeitsplatzwachstum immer mehr auf diese Gruppe verlagert bzw. daß diese Betriebe zumindest ihre Arbeitsplätze nicht in dem Maß abbauen, wie dies gewerbliche Großbetriebe tun. In diesem Beitrag wird versucht, die Befunde über die Arbeitsplatzdynamik im Bestand der kleinen und mittleren Betriebe im Licht der Zielsetzungen und Strategien regionaler Entwicklungspolitik zusammenhängend zu betrachten.Im ersten Abschnitt des Beitrags wird auf die Aktualität dieser Themenstellung eingegangen. Vor allem 1985 sind auf verschiedenen Konferenzen und Seminaren die bisher vorliegenden Befunde zum Arbeitsplatzwachstum in kleinen und mittleren Betrieben diskutiert worden und erste Schlußfolgerungen für die Weiterentwicklung der Regionalpolitik gezogen worden. Im zweiten Abschnitt werden die Ergebnisse einer empirischen Untersuchung über die regionalen Betriebsgrößenstrukturen und deren aktuelle Entwicklung vorgestellt. Dazu wurde eine Sonderaufbereitung der Statistik des Produzierenden Gewerbes herangezogen. Im dritten Abschnitt wird dann der Forschungsbedarf im Licht der Weiterentwicklung einer bestandsorientierten Regionalpolitik behandelt.
Regionalstatistische Informationssysteme im Bereich der Landes- und Regionalplanung
Authors: Koch Reinhold
Published: June 2024

EDV-gestützte, räumliche Informationssysteme stehen mittlerweile für die Landesplanung in allen Bundesländern zur Verfügung. Allerdings sind die Mitte der 70er Jahre gehegten Erwartungen hinsichtlich Datenangebot, Auswertungs- und Einsatzmöglichkeiten nicht erfüllt worden. Das Datenangebot beschränkt sich meist auf sozioökonomische Strukturdaten. Infrastruktur- und Umweltdaten weisen noch große Lücken auf. Die Informationssysteme sind in der Regel nur für die obersten Landesplanungsbehörden direkt zugänglich. Die Regionalplanung deckt ihren Informationsbedarf überwiegend aus regionalen Quellen, bzw. aus Informationen, die im Verwaltungsvollzug anfallen.In allen räumlichen Informationssystemen ist ein Grundbestand an EDV-Programmen zur Raumanalyse vorhanden. Komplexe Modelle, etwa zur regionalen Arbeitsmarktentwicklung sind nur selten anzutreffen. Nahezu alle Bundesländer planen, in Zukunft ihr räumliches Informationssystem zu dezentralisieren, bzw. zumindest der Regionalplanung einen direkten Zugriff zu ermöglichen. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist dabei die Automatisierung des Raumordnungskatasters.
Informationsangebot und Datenbedarf der Laufenden Raumbeobachtung auf Bundesebene
Authors: Gatzweiler Hans-Peter
Published: June 2024

Die BfLR hat u.a. die Aufgabe, die gegenwärtigen und künftigen räumlichen Entwicklungen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland zu beobachten und darüber zu berichten. Bei der Erfüllung dieser Aufgabe stützt sich die BfLR auf ihr räumliches Informationssystem, die „Laufende Raumbeobachtung“. Das Leistungsspektrum dieses Informationssystems gewährleistet seit einigen Jahren eine effiziente informative Unterstützung der Aufgabenerfüllung von räumlich orientierter Politik und Forschung. Zudem nutzt die BfLR die Laufende Raumbeobachtung für regelmäßige Veröffentlichungen über Stand und Tendenzen der räumlichen Entwicklung. Gleichwohl schränken regionalstatistische Datenrestriktionen das Informationsangebot erheblich ein. Der künftige Informationsbedarf räumlich orientierter Politik und Forschung stellt zudem neue und zusätzliche Anforderungen an die Raumbeobachtung. Dies legt es nahe, sich rechtzeitig Gedanken zu machen, wie diesen Informationsanforderungen durch eine Verbesserung der regionalstatistischen Datengrundlagen künftig Rechnung getragen werden kann.
Flächenkataster als Instrument einer geordneten Flächenhaushaltspolitik
Authors: Scholich Dietmar , Turowski Gerd
Published: June 2024

Die Flächennutzungskonflikte haben sieh trotz deutlich geringerer quantitativer Flächeninanspruchnahmen in einzelnen Nutzungsbereichen insgesamt keineswegs verringert. Darüber hinaus hat eine Verlagerung hin zu einer mehr qualitativen Problemsicht stattgefunden, indem in wachsendem Maße neben den direkten Inanspruchnahmen auch die Auswirkungen der Nutzungsansprüche als kritisch eingestuft werden.Das Ziel, die Planung und Bewirtschaftung der Fläche künftig streng an der dauerhaften Sicherung ihres Leistungsvermögens in qualitativer und quantitativer Hinsicht auszurichten, beinhaltet die existenzielle Forderung nach Entwicklung und Durchsetzung einer konsequenten, geordneten Flächenhaushaltspolitik. Dies erfordert die getrennte Darstellung von Flächenansprüchen auf der einen und -angeboten auf der anderen Seite. Hierzu gehört aber auch die Ermittlung und Ausweisung von qualitativen Merkmalen und indirekten Flächenwirkungen und deren Prüfung vor dem Hintergrund der jeweiligen Möglichkeiten des Flächenhaushaltes sowie der Bilanz der spezifischen Raumbelastung. Dies setzt ferner für die instrumentelle Umsetzung einer Flächenhaushaltspolitik ausreichend vorhandene und auch zugängliche Informationssysteme voraus.Eine der grundlegenden Vorbedingungen ist die Zusammenfassung aller Informationen zu Flächenkatastern auf der Basis einer differenzierten Erhebung bzw. Erfassung und Bewertung der jeweiligen Bestandsstrukturen anhand einer nach Nutzungen gegliederten Flächensystematik. Das umfassende Datenmaterial derartiger Kataster eröffnet eine vielgestaltige Anwendungspalette. Sie reicht von den Instrumenten und Konzepten der Raum- und Fachplanung über die Vorbereitung Aufstellung oder Änderung von Plänen und Programmen oder Teilplänen, bis hin zu Bilanzen oder auch Standort- und Flächenuntersuchungen. Besonderes Gewicht dürften künftig Bilanzen im Sinne von Flächenhaushaltsbilanzen (Gesamtflächenbilanzen) erlangen.
Neuorientierung der regionalen Strukturpolitik
Authors: Buchner Werner
Published: June 2024

Die gegenwärtige Neuorientierung der regionalen Strukturpolitik ist für die Raumordnung und speziell für den ländlichen Raum von großer Bedeutung. Sie wird vor allem daran zu messen sein, ob sie den Erfordernissen der Raumordnung und Landesplanung Rechnung trägt.Ein wesentliches Erfordernis ist es, den Kurs einer konsequenten Strukturpolitik für den ländlichen Raum durchzuhalten, damit das in den zurückliegenden Jahrzehnten Erreichte gesichert und ausgebaut werden kann. Dazu muß das Zonenrandgebiet weiterhin bevorzugt gefördert werden; dazu braucht der ländliche Raum weiter Entwicklungspriorität. Eine schwerpunktmäßige Umorientierung der GRW auf die sog. alten Industrieregionen entspräche nicht den Erfordernissen der Raumordnung, wie sie in den einschlägigen Gesetzen und Programmen verbindlich festgelegt sind.Die in den Beschlüssen des Planungsausschusses vom 5.6.85 enthaltene stärkere Ausrichtung der GRW auf die Förderung des endogenen Potentials deckt sich mit den Bestrebungen der Raumordnung und Landesplanung. Allerdings muß aus der Sicht des ländlichen Raums betont werden, daß es sich dabei nicht um eine alternative, sondern nur um eine ergänzende Strategie handeln kann.Entscheidender Punkt bei der Neuorientierung der regionalen Wirtschaftsförderung ist aus der Sicht des ländlichen Raums die angestrebte wirksamere Koordinierung mit anderen raumbedeutsamen Fachpolitiken. Die Erkenntnis, daß regionale Strukturpolitik mehr ist als nur regionale Wirtschaftsförderung muß in der praktischen Politik wirksamer zum Tragen kommen. Hierin liegt der Schlüssel zum Abbau der großräumigen Disparitäten und einer angemessenen Entwicklung des ländlichen Raums in der Zukunft. Den raumwirksamen Fachpolitiken insgesamt muß ihre „räumliche Blindheit“ genommen werden.Voraussetzungfür eine bessere Koordinierung ist ein allgemein gültiger Orientierungsrahmen für den Einsatz der raumwirksamen Investitionen. Die Raumordnung sollte anerkennen, daß sie hier eine Bringschuld hat.Die Grundsätze und Ziele der Raumordnung haben Normqualität. Sie richten sich nicht nur und nicht so sehr an die Raumordnungsbehörden, sondern an alle Beteiligten der unmittelbaren und mittelbaren Staatsverwaltung. Die Raumordnung muß ihre Erfordernisse zeitgemäß und realistisch formulieren und in Kraft setzen. Sie muß aber auch dafür sorgen, daß von allen Beteiligten korrekt an ihrer Verwirklichung gearbeitet wird.
Medication Reconciliation Errors on Discharge for Epilepsy Monitoring Unit Patients
Authors: Alboudi Ayman , Bank Anna M.
Published: June 2024

Background and Purpose: Medication errors are common in the inpatient setting. Epilepsy patients who miss doses of their antiseizure medications are at risk for breakthrough seizures and subsequent complications. The purpose of this study was to quantify and characterize anti-seizure medications reconciliation errors on discharge from the epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU).Methods: Consecutive admissions to an academic medical center EMU were retrospectively reviewed. Medication reconciliation errors on discharge, including drug errors, dosing errors, and dose timing errors, were recorded. Associations between medication errors and clinical and demographic variables were analyzed using binary logistic regression for continuous variables and Fisher exact tests for categorical variables.Results: One hundred and eleven admissions between January 1, 2021 and December 31, 2021 were identified. Fourteen anti-seizure medication reconciliation errors were recorded during 11 unique admissions (9.9% of admissions). The most common error type was dosing error (10/14 errors; 71.4%). Number of antiseizure medications on admission (p=0.004), total number of medications on admission (p=0.013), number of medication changes during admission (p=0.0007), and length of stay (p=0.0001) were associated with increased likelihood of errors.Conclusions: Medication reconciliation errors upon discharge from the EMU occur during approximately 10% of admissions. A higher number of preadmission antiseizure medications, higher total number of preadmission medications, higher number of medication changes during admission, and longer length of stay are associated with increased risk of discharge medication reconciliation errors. Careful attention should be paid to patients with these risk factors.
Unmasking a Hidden Culprit: Neurocysticercosis, an Overlooked Cause of Acquired Epilepsy
Authors: Emorinken Airenakho , Erameh Cyril O. , Akpasubi Blessyn O. , Odunlami Gbenga J.
Published: June 2024

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a common parasitic brain infestation caused by the ingestion of Taenia solium eggs, predominantly in developing countries. In this report, we presented the case of a 44-year-old woman who exhibited stroke symptoms and had a decade-long history of recurrent headaches and epilepsy. At presentation, a non-contrast computed tomography scan of the brain was performed and revealed hypodense oval lesions and calcified cysts in both cerebral hemispheres, strongly indicative of NCC. The patient responded positively to treatment with dexamethasone, albendazole, and carbamazepine. This case study underscores the importance of neuroimaging in investigating patients with neurological conditions like epilepsy, especially in developing countries. Early diagnosis and effective treatment are crucial in preventing and controlling NCC, reducing its impact on public health.
Laughter-Induced Seizures: A Rare Type of Reflex Epilepsy
Authors: Algahtani Hussein , Shirah Bader , Algahtani Sarah , Abdelgaffar Nawal
Published: June 2024

This research explores the rare occurrence of laughter-induced seizures, a form of reflex epilepsy documented in only one previous case in the literature. The patient, free from prior medical or neuropsychiatric history, exhibited seizures triggered solely by laughter. Electroencephalography and neuroimaging revealed normal results. Despite declining medical therapy, lifestyle modifications enabled seizure management. The study emphasizes the dearth of data on laughter-induced seizures, prompting the consideration of multimodal strategies for treatment. Further research is imperative to unveil the precise pathophysiology and establish standardized therapeutic approaches for this uncommon epileptic manifestation.
Korzyści i granice wykorzystania sztucznej inteligencji na lekcjach języka niemieckiego na przykładzie ChatGPT
Authors: Ziaja Ryszard
Published: June 2024

Today’s artificial intelligence systems, using the ever-increasing textual resources available in virtual space, are changing our perception of language and influencing the way we communicate and learn. The recently launched ChatGPT platform, based on an autoregressive algorithm, naturally imitates an omniscient communication partner. The high popularity achieved by the system in a very short time, especially among young users, should be a reason to consider the impact of this type of tool on modern education, including the teaching of foreign languages and the role of the teacher in the teaching process. The following article will present, based on practical examples, the benefits and limitations of using artificial intelligence in German language lessons, both from the teacher and student perspective.
Mapping the landscape of serious digital language learning games: Towards a Serious-Digital Game-based Language Learning (S-DGBLL) teacher competence framework
Authors: Pitura Joanna , Nowak Sabina , Turula Anna , Jakubik Joanna , Asotska-Wierzba Yuliya
Published: June 2024

Serious games have been gaining increasing attention in the field of digital game-based language learning (DGBLL). However, to incorporate serious games into foreign/second language (L2) classrooms, teachers must be prepared with requisite knowledge and skills. To this end, following PRISMA guidelines, this study conducted a systematic review of research on serious digital language learning games with two aims. The main objective of this study was to map out the issues pertaining to serious digital language learning games that are currently being addressed in empirical studies in the DGBLL area. The secondary objective was to leverage the findings to inform the development of a research-based framework of expertise for L2 teachers intending to incorporate serious digital game-based language learning (S-DGBLL) in their classrooms. Fifty articles published until April 2023 were analysed in terms of research methodologies, pedagogical characteristics, game design, and outcomes. The findings have implications for the proposal of an S-DGBLL teacher competence framework.
Synthesis and stabilization of anatase form of biomimetic TiO2 nanoparticles for enhancing anti-tumor potential
Authors: Mudrakola Sandhya Vidya Sagar , Koopari Chandra Lekha , Kande Ramesh , Rajkumar Karthik , Anoor Pawan Kumar , Burgula Sandeepta , Syed Farhatullah
Published: June 2024

The present study emphasizes the stabilization of the biologically active anatase form of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NP). TiO2 NP require stringent conditions for chemical synthesis and are usually a mixture of biologically inactive bulk rutile and the active bulk anatase forms. We utilized the culture pellet of the Exiguobacterium aestuarii SBG4 MH185868 to synthesize and stabilize the anatase form of TiO2 NP. The NP showed λ
max at ∼350 nm and scanning electron microscope micrographs indicated their oval and spherical shape. Steric stabilized anatase TiO2 NP exhibited substantial cytotoxicity of up to 80% reduction in cell viability at 100 µg against cervical cancer derived HeLa and SiHa cell lines, whereas the rutile form showed least cytotoxicity. Clonogenic inhibition assay of HeLa cells showed dose-dependent decline with a 75% reduction in colony formation at 100 µg TiO2 NP and cell migration assay revealed significant inhibition in recovery of the wound/scratch in presence of anatase form of TiO2 NP (10–33% at 24 h and 42–79% at 48 h). Co-incubation of HeLa cells with anatase TiO2 NP in chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated chick eggs prevented the formation of new capillaries (20 ± 5% compared with control groups), indicating appreciable anti-angiogenic activity of the NP. Further, TiO2 NP tagged with doxorubicin and paclitaxel exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity against cancer cells at very low concentrations of 9 and 120 nM itself, indicating their anti-tumor potential. In conclusion, biomimetic anatase TiO2 NP have significant anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic activity and can have potential application in tagging with generic anti-cancer drugs for enhanced cytotoxicity against cancer cells.
On conjugate separability of nilpotent subgroups
Authors: Shahryari Mohammad
Published: June 2024

Let 𝐺 be a group and 𝑘 a positive integer.
We say that 𝐺 is conjugate separable abelian (CSA) if every maximal abelian subgroup of 𝐺 is malnormal.
In this paper, as a natural generalization, we study groups with the property that all maximal nilpotent subgroups of class at most 𝑘 are malnormal, which we refer to as CSN𝑘 groups, and we show that they have many properties in common with the more widely studied CSA groups.
In addition, we introduce the class of nilpotency transitive groups of class 𝑘, denoted NT𝑘, and in the presence of a special residuality condition, we prove that the CSN𝑘 and NT𝑘 properties are equivalent.
Influence of translation on perceived metaphor features: quality, aptness, metaphoricity, and familiarity
Authors: Milenković Katarina , Tasić Miloš , Stamenković Dušan
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of translating literary metaphors from Serbian to English on metaphor quality, aptness, metaphoricity, and familiarity. The research involved 55 Serbian metaphors translated into English using the A is B form, which were then evaluated by 252 participants in two separate studies. Study 1 served as an extension of a previous norming study. In it, a group of participants assessed 55 translated literary metaphorical expressions, and their evaluations were compared to those of the original Serbian versions. In Study 2, a group of participants, divided into two subgroups, rated a collection of both the original metaphorical expressions and their translated counterparts. The results indicate that the translated metaphors generally scored higher in terms of aptness, familiarity, quality, and partially in metaphoricity. These findings suggest that translating the metaphors into English had a positive impact on their perceived effectiveness and familiarity. Several factors are considered to explain these outcomes, including the nature of the English language itself, the participants’ exposure to English, and the translation process. Overall, this study highlights the influence of translation on the perception of literary metaphors and provides insights into metaphor interpretation.
Transgenic Targeting ofFcrlsCreates a Highly Efficient Constitutively Active Microglia Cre Line with Differentiated Specificity
Authors: Kaiser Tobias , Dattero Jordan , Li Liang , Chen Mandy , Jiang Minqing , Harrahill Andrew , Butovsky Oleg , Feng Guoping
Published: June 2024

Microglia carry out important functions as the resident macrophages of the brain. To study their role in health and disease, the research community needs tools to genetically modify them with maximum completeness in a manner that distinguishes them from closely related cell types, such as monocytes. While currently available tamoxifen-inducible CreERT2 lines can achieve the differentiation from other cells, the field needs improved and publicly available constitutively active Cre lines, especially ones with favorable efficiency and specificity profiles for studies where high recombination efficiency is imperative and where tamoxifen administration is contraindicated. Here, we leverage the microglia-specificFcrlsgene to generate mice expressing Cre. Using genomic methods, we show correct positioning of the transgene and intact microglia homeostasis inFcrls-2A-Cremice. CrossingFcrls-2A-Cremice to four different reporters, we demonstrate highly efficient recombination in microglia across differentially sensitive loxP alleles in different genomic contexts, indicating robust applicability of the line. Further, we show that microglia recombine a loxP reporter during early embryonic development, supporting the use of the line for developmental studies. Finally, using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, we reveal that most border-associated macrophages are also targeted whereas only few liver and spleen macrophages and virtually no white blood cell subsets exhibit Cre activity, distinguishing this line from another publicly available Cre line,Cx3cr1-CreM.Fcrls-2A-Cremice are immediately available (JAX #036591) and serve as a valuable addition to the community's microglia toolbox by providing highly efficient constitutive Cre activity with excellent specificity, particularly for studies where tamoxifen administration is undesirable.
Trends in forecasting groundwater ingresses into underground structures
Authors: Frenelus Wadslin
Published: June 2024

Often, underground structures are faced with groundwater ingresses during their erection and even during their operation. To conceive the most suitable drainage or dewatering systems, and at the same time better guarantee the sustainability of these structures, these inflows should be accurately forecasted in advance. To this end, researchers have made considerable efforts and developed various solutions. This article put forwards the recent trends and progress related to the prediction of groundwater ingresses in underground structures. Pioneering solutions (analytical, semi-analytical, empirical and semi-empirical) as well as numerical, machine learning and other solutions are widely highlighted. Besides, the paper explains that the ideal solutions are still subject of current and future investigations. The need to continually opt for better schemes or strategies for accurate groundwater ingress prediction solutions is adequately expressed. Relevant inspirations can be drawn from this article for future accurate groundwater ingress forecasting solutions.
Surgical removal of retained soft tissue foreign bodies in the surgical outpatient: a case-based discussion
Authors: Obayan Adebola , Igwenagu Ifunanya
Published: June 2024

This observational study shows the successful removal of retained acute and chronic foreign bodies within the subcutaneous tissue in the surgical outpatient setting as well as the challenges of prolonged embedding of soft tissue foreign bodies, especially in asymptomatic cases where the decision for removal is prompted by a need for a scheduled diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for an unrelated health concern, thus, raising the question of whether detected asymptomatic foreign bodies should initially be left in place or swiftly removed to prevent future complications or procedural interruptions. Furthermore, we will outline suggestions on the best options for the prompt and successful removal of foreign bodies during the initial presentation in the outpatient setting.
Economic dynamics: modern content, innovative basis and guidelines for development policy
Authors:   Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies (Dnipro), Bilotserkivets Volodymyr , Zavhorodnіa Olena ,   Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies (Dnipro)
Published: June 2024

The article substantiates the relevance of updating the categorical thesaurus of the theory of economic dynamics on the basis of modern methodology, which combines the cognitive potentials and tools of global evolutionism, the general theory of systems and synergy. In the context of the evolutionary approach, the authors provide the content and characteristics of the complex forms of economic system’ movement (self-organization, development / degradation, evolution / involution) and the accompanying qualitative changes (modifications, transformations, metamorphoses, architectural shifts) of economic reality. There are revealed the hierarchy of dynamic processes according to the degree of complexity and their interrelationships and principles of mutual transitions. Attention is focused on innovations and innovative changes, which, depending on the level (depth) of the implemented novelty, and the speed and scale of its diffusion, determine the trajectory of the economic system’ movement over time. Taking into account the time criterion, the authors systematize the signs of progressive and regressive economic dynamics. Noted the significant role of organizational and regulatory influences, primarily that of the innovation policy, for designing and constructing the expected future. A view is proposed to consider innovation policy as a system of measures aimed at the strategic management of economic genetics. The content of these measures consists in selective changes in inherited production and technological structures and reproductive cycles, as well as inherited models of the behavior of economic actors. The direction of selection, which represents a choice of priorities for innovative development is determined by the imperatives of self-preservation, effective self-realization and self-development of the economic system in a highly competitive environment.
Representatives of Bacillus from Deep-Water Bottom Sediments of the Black Sea – Producers of Elastases, Fibrin(ogen)ases, and Collagenases
Authors: Gudzenko O.V. , Varbanets L.D. , Ivanytsia V.O. , Shtenikov M.D.
Published: June 2024

Among microorganisms, bacteria and fungi are reported to be good sources of different types of enzymes, in particular proteases, which have a broad range of applications in industrial processes and products and are representative of most worldwide enzyme sales. The genus Bacillus is probably the most important bacterial source of proteases and is capable of producing high yields of neutral and alkaline proteolytic enzymes with remarkable properties, such as high stability toward extreme temperatures, pH, organic solvents, detergents, and oxidizing compounds. Earlier we have shown the ability of a number of strains of Bacillus sp. isolated from the bottom sediments of the Black Sea: 051, 054, 052 (depth 2080 m), and 247 (depth 1888 m) to display elastase activity (20.83 U/mL, 19.96 U/mL, 15.62 U/mL and 12.15 U/mL, respectively). Since the bacterial population of the deep-sea bottom sediments of the Black Sea has been little studied, the purpose of this work was to search for effective protease producers among the microbiota of the Black Sea water and sediments obtained from its various depths. Methods. The objects of the study were 20 cultures isolated from bottom sediments from 4 points at depths of 888–2080 m in the Black Sea. The cultures were grown under conditions of deep cultivation at 28 °С, with a mixing speed of the nutrient medium of 230 rpm for 2 days. Methods for determining proteolytic (elastolytic, fibrinolytic, fibrinogenolytic, and collagenase) activity in the culture liquid supernatant were used. Results. The research on the ability of the supernatants of the studied cultures to hydrolyze various proteolytic substrates has shown that promising for further investigations can be cultures 248 and 249, isolated under the same conditions (1499 m, 15–20 cm), but being representatives of different species, namely Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis, respectively. Supernatants of their culture liquids showed the greatest activity toward fibrin (20.5 U/mL and 19.0 U/mL) and fibrinogen (21.66 U/mL and 20 U/mL, respectively), while cultures of B. licheniformis 249 (1499 m, 15–20 cm), Priestia megaterium 55 (1537 m, 0–5 cm), and B. subtilis 1 (1499 m, 5–10 cm), which were isolated under different conditions, showed high activity toward elastin (33.3 U/mL, 31.2 U/mL and 29 U/mL, respectively). B. subtilis 1 is able to hydrolyze all investigated proteolytic substrates: elastin, fibrin, fibrinogen, and collagen, but the level of these activities was lower than in the above-mentioned strains. Conclusions. According to their catalytic properties, a number of representatives of bacteria Bacillus licheniformis 249, Priestia megaterium 55, and Bacillus subtilis 1 isolated from the deep-water bottom sediments of the Black sea may be promising for further research as producers of enzymes with elastolytic, fibrinolytic, and fibrinogenolytic activity.
The Prevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection in Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Authors: Abdullah A.M. , Abdullah M.K. , Rasheed R.M. , Azko A.J. , Younis Y.I. , Ahmad H.O. , Majeed S.A.
Published: June 2024

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection, with widespread gestational and congenital transmission rates globally, consequently, it is regarded as a public health concern and an overlooked medical condition. Human infection occurs through various routes, including the ingestion of oocysts found in cat feces, consumption of raw or undercooked meat containing the parasite, and vertical transmission from an infected pregnant mother to her fetus. Objective. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among individuals in various age groups and genders in Duhok City. Methods. In this research, 2251 individuals of various ages and genders visited the central laboratory in Duhok Сity, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, and peripheral blood samples were taken from individuals to identify specific anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM and IgG antibodies using serological test (ELISA test). Results. Based on the findings of this study, it was observed that the prevalence of toxoplasmosis among females with infections detected in both IgM and IgG was 0.3 % and 20.6 %, respectively, and in males, the rate of infection with IgG was found to be 0.3 %, while no infections were detected with IgM. Also, among female individuals, the study recorded a 0.3 % infection rate for toxoplasmosis, which encompassed both IgM and IgG cases. Conclusions. Based on this study, it can be concluded that Toxoplasma infection is more common in females than in males, chronic toxoplasmosis appears to be more prevalent than acute infection with the highest rate of acute infections was found in the age group of 21–40 years.
A Study on Fine-Tuning the Optical Energy Band Gap and Various Optical Parameters with the Impact of Gadolinium Composition in NGFO Ferrite Nanoparticles
Authors: Bhavani S. Durga , Kumar K. Vijaya , Rao B. Purna Chandra , Chakra Ch. Shilpa , Ganta Kiran Kumar
Published: June 2024

In the present work, gadolinium-doped nickel ferrite nanoparticles with the chemical composition NiFe2−xGdxO4 (X = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25) have been prepared by the sol-gel auto-combustion method and calcinated at 700 ∘C. The spinel ferrite phase formation was confirmed with the XRD graphs. In all the samples, the typical absorbance peak was observed in between 250–300 nm. Tauc plots were used to calculate the optical energy band gap, found in the range of 4.033–4.144 eV, and it was also calculated using x-ray density to be in the range of 3.690–4.300 eV. Both of them were observed in good agreement with each other, and we conclude that the Gd composition could finely tune the optical energy band gap. The impact of Gd composition was clearly observed on optical parameters. The refractive index, reflectivity, absorption coefficient, optical dielectric constant, and dielectric susceptibility have shown the increasing tendency from 2.1140 to 2.2325, 12.80 to 14.53%, 5.4380 to 6.3032 cm−1, 3.4690 to 3.9840 and 0.2760 to 0.3170, respectively, whereas the transmission coefficient decreased from 0.7730 to 0.7461.
The Synthesis of Y-zeolite-modified CaCO3-ZnO Nanocomposites as an Antibacterial Agent
Authors: Artissiani Maysa , Widiarti Nuni , Wahyuni Sri , Widhihastuti Endah , Ni'ma Neli Syahida
Published: June 2024

The ability of inorganic antibacterial agents like metal oxides and nanoscale inorganic materials to inhibit bacterial growth rates has yet to receive much research attention. In this study, CaCO3-ZnO/Y-zeolite nanocomposites were created utilizing coprecipitation and impregnation techniques with Ca(CH3COO)2, Zn(CH3COO)2 2H2O, Y-zeolite precursors. Physical and chemical characteristics of nanocomposites have been investigated using XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDX characterizations. The agar-well diffusion method tested the substance for antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Nanocomposites have a crystal size range of 35.46-36.53 nm and a crystallinity of 35-37 %, according to the results of XRD analysis. The carbonate groups are visible in FTIR data at wave numbers 1433, 875, and 712 cm-1. The Zn-O absorption band was verified at wave numbers 600-400 cm-1. The Y-zeolite absorption bands at wave numbers 1012-997 cm-1 and 745-746 cm-1 were confirmed. The particle morphology is cube-shaped with irregular sizes. The EDX result showed that the composition consists of 35.92 % calcium, 1.68 % zinc, 44.81 % oxygen, and 13.79 % carbon as elements. With the addition of 2.5 % Y-zeolite, the antibacterial activity of nanocomposites showed the best results, with an inhibition zone diameter of 7.62 mm against Escherichia coli and 6.56 mm against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
Chemical Characterization and Antibacterial Activities of Bio-oil from Durian Shell Pyrolysis
Authors: Mashuni Mashuni , Kadidae La Ode , Jahiding M , Hamid Fitri Handayani , Kadir Waris Abdul , Khaeri Andi Muhammad Naufal
Published: June 2024

Foodborne bacteria cause food spoilage, usually Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Thus, synthetic preservatives are employed in food preservation to prevent food spoilage caused by microorganisms. Excessive use of synthetic preservatives can cause disease. Bio-oil has become a natural preservative because of its high phenolic content. However, bio-oil still requires purification because the initial bio-oil (grade 3) still contains carcinogenic compounds that are dangerous for consumption. Therefore, this study aims to determine the components of the bio-oil compound after purification and its effectiveness as an antibacterial. Durian shell (DS) is pyrolyzed in a heating reactor without oxygen at a temperature of 330–600ºC (flow rate 6ºC/minute) with a 2-3 cm material size. Furthermore, bio-oil purification includes stages of filtration using activated zeolite, fractional distillation at 70–200ºC (grade 2), and filtration using activated charcoal (grade 1). Bio-oil purification includes stages of filtration using active zeolite and activated charcoal (grade 2), and fractional distillation at a temperature of 150–200ºC (grade 1). Based on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, grade 2 and grade 1 contain the major compounds 1,4-dimethyl-1h-imidazole and acetic acid. The research showed that bio-oil grades 1 and 2, when used at a 30% concentration, exhibit antibacterial strong effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. These findings suggest that bio-oil grades 1 and 2 could be valuable natural preservatives.
Clasificación de recursos minerales. Sistema Crirsco vs. UNFC
Authors: López-Piedrahita Wilfredo Armando
Published: June 2024

El presente articulo ha sido preparado con la intención de informar al público hispanohablante sobre el proceso de acercamiento entre la Comisión Internacional de Recursos y Reservas Minerales (CRIRSCO en Inglés) y la Comisión económica para Europa de las Naciones Unidas (UNECE en Inglés) en las reuniones llevadas a cabo entre el 22-24 de abril, 2024 en la ciudad de Ginebra, Suiza.  Ambas organizaciones conformaron unos equipos de trabajado ad hoc y presentaron el documento puente entre ambos sistemas clasificatorios de Recursos Minerales: BRIDGING DOC_CRIRSCO-UNFC_BD_ECE_ENERGY_GE.3_2024_5_ENG.pdf.
Project Spotlight: Precast concrete contributes to ideal environment for Chicago medical facility
Authors: Atkinson William
Published: June 2024

Spancrete of Waukesha, Wis., provided precast concrete for the Foster Medical Pavilion, part of Swedish Covenant Hospital in Chicago, Ill. The facility took seven weeks to install, and precast concrete reduces vibrations in the medical offices from the parking structure.
Project Spotlight: Marsh Creek bridge replacement earns public works awards
Authors: Atkinson William
Published: June 2024

The Marsh Creek Road Bridge Replacement project near Clayton, Calif., not only was named project of the year by the American Public Works Association’s (APWA’s) Northern California chapter but also won the national APWA 2019 Public Works Project of the Year Award for transportation for less than $5 million. Despite these accolades, Con-Fab California LLC in Lathrop, Calif., the precast manufacturer on the project, con¬siders the project just a standard job.
Project Spotlight: New Charlotte airport traffic control tower aims high with precast concrete
Authors: Atkinson William
Published: June 2024

In recent years, Gate Precast Co. of Oxford, N.C., has successfully built eight airport traffic control towers, including those in Atlanta, Ga., and Orlando, Fla. The company’s expertise was a significant factor in its winning the bid to build the new airport traffic control tower in Charlotte, N.C., which, at 370 ft (113 m) in height, is the second tallest airport traffic control tower in North America
Project Spotlight: Gage Brothers finds success with automated concrete placement at new plant
Authors: Atkinson William
Published: June 2024

Gage Brothers Concrete Products of Sioux Falls, S.Dak., which manufactures precast and prestressed concrete panels, bridge girders, corefloor, and more, reached a milestone recently when it completed the first concrete placement from its automated manufacturing equipment,
Using Computer Programming as an Effective Complement to Mathematics Education: Experimenting with the Standards for Mathematics Practice in a Multidisciplinary Environment for Teaching and Learning with Technology in the 21st Century
Authors: Solin Pavel , Roanes-Lozano Eugenio
Published: June 2024

Many mathematics educators are not aware of a strong connection that exists between the education of computer programming and mathematics. The reason may be that they have not been exposed to computer programming. This connection is worth exploring, given the current trends of automation
and Industry 4.0. Therefore, in this paper we take a closer look at the Common Core's eight Mathematical Practice Standards. We show how each one of them can be reinforced through computer programming. The following discussion is virtually independent of the choice of a concrete programming
language. Therefore, in the interest of simplicity, we will use a well-known educational programming language named Karel the Robot based on (Pattis, 1995) which is freely available online in NCLab (NCLab, 2019). The visual character of this language will allow us to provide more illustrative
examples than would be possible with a standard programming language such as Java, C++ or Python.
Teaching Algebraic Curves for Gifted Learners at Age 11 by Using LEGO Linkages and GeoGebra
Authors: Kovács Zoltán
Published: June 2024

A summary of an experimental course on algebraic curves is given that was held for young learners at age 11. The course was a part of Epsilon camp, a program designed for very gifted students who have already demonstrated high interest in studying mathematics. Prerequisites for the
course were mastery of Algebra I and at least one preliminary year in a prior Epsilon camp. The summary gives an overview of the flow of teaching, the achieved results and some evaluation of the given feedback.