bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emergency on Campus! Quantitative Analysis of the Effects of an Interprofessional Simulation on Health Care Students
Authors: Morrell Briyana Laurine Monique , Carmack Jennifer N. , Kemery S. , Moore Elizabeth S. , Voll Craig A. , Nichols Alison M. , Hetzler Kathleen E. , Toon Jane , Moore Shannon M.
Published: June 2019

Context

Simulation is a frequently used technique for interprofessional education, allowing students from multiple professions to work together in providing quality patient care. However, little is known about the impact of interprofessional simulation with the inclusion of athletic training students because of the lack of literature.

Objective

This study explored the impact of an interprofessional simulation on athletic training, nursing, and occupational therapy students' attitudes toward interprofessional collaboration after participation in an interprofessional simulation.

Design

Quasi-experimental mixed-methods study, using a single-group, pretest-posttest design. The quantitative results are reported here.

Setting

Private mid-sized Midwestern university.

Participants

Seventy-nine students, representing athletic training, nursing, and occupational therapy, participated in the simulation; 32 of these students completed pretest/posttest questionnaires.

Intervention

Students in all professions cared for or observed the care of a standardized patient from the time of a spinal cord injury on the football field through an ambulance ride and subsequent emergency and inpatient care. Students completed pretest/posttest questionnaires in the week before and immediately after the simulation.

Main Outcome Measure

The Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Interprofessional Collaboration (JeffSATIC) measured attitudes toward interprofessional collaboration. It consists of 2 subscales: Accountability and Working Relationships. Higher scores indicated more orientation toward teamwork and collaboration.

Results

Participants demonstrated significant change on the JeffSATIC's Working Relationship subscale (P = .003). The Cohen d effect size was calculated for presimulation and postsimulation change, which showed a medium effect for the overall scale (d = 0.46), a negligible effect for the Accountability subscale (d = 0.02), and a large effect for the Working Relationship subscale (d = 0.79).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the utility of the simulation in improving attitudes toward interprofessional working relationships. Further research should explore the differences noted between athletic training students and other health care profession students.
Estudio de bofedales en los Andes ecuatorianos a través de la comparación de imágenes Landsat-8 y Sentinel-2
Authors: Jara C. , Delegido J. , Ayala J. , Lozano P. , Armas A. , Flores V.
Published: June 2019

The objective of the present study was to compare the Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 images to calculate the wetland´s extension, distribution and degree of conservation, in Reserva de Producción de Fauna Chinborazo (RPFCH) protected area located in the Andean region of Ecuador. This process was developed with in situ work in 16 wetlands, distributed in different conservation levels. The Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 images were processed through a radiometric calibration (restoration of lost lines or píxels and correction of the stripe of the image) and an atmospheric correction (conversion of the digital levels to radiance values), to later calculate the Vegetation spectral indexes: NDVI, SAVI (L = 0.5) where L is a constant of the soil brightness component, EVI2 (improved vegetation index 2), NDWI (standard difference water index), WDRI (wide dynamic range vegetation index) and the Red Edge model that only this one has in Sentinel-2 in this study. Making a classification of the Bofedal ecosystem in satellite images by applying Random Forest, the most important variables with Landsat-8 were EVI2 (37.72%) and SAVI with L = 0.5 (30.97%), while with Sentinel-2 the most important variables correspond to the Red Edge (38.54%) and WDRI (27.06%). With the indices calculated, two categories of analysis were determined: a) wetland integrated by the levels: intervened [1], moderately conserved [2] and conserved [3] and b) other than wetland [4] integrated by areas that do not correspond to this ecosystem. Landsat-8 shows that the percentage of correct classifications of píxels belonging to the wetland category corresponds to: [1] 72.76%, [2] 58.38%, [3] 68.42%, while for the category other [4] were correct 95.15%. With Sentinel-2, the percentage of correct classifications corresponds to [1] 95.00%, [2] 82.60%, [3] 96.25%, while for the category other [4] the correct answers were 98.13%. In this way with Landsat-8 the wetland corresponds to 21.708,54 ha (41.21%), while with Sentinel-2 the wetland represents a total of 20,518 ha (38.95%), of the 52,560 ha that belong to the RPFCH, concluding that Sentinel-2, due to its better spatial resolution, and the incorporation of its new bands in Red Edge, obtains better results in image classification.
Women, Art and Money in Late Victorian and Edwardian England
Authors: Quirk Maria
Published: June 2019

Women, Art and Money in England establishes the importance of women artists’ commercial dealings to their professional identities and reputations in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Grounded in economic, social and art history, the book draws on and synthesises data from a broad range of documentary and archival sources to present a comprehensive history of women artists’ professional status and business relationships within the complex and changing art market of late-Victorian England.

By providing new insights into the routines and incomes of women artists, and the spaces where they created, exhibited and sold their art, this book challenges established ideas about what women had to do to be considered ‘professional’ artists. More important than a Royal Academy education or membership to exhibiting societies was a woman’s ability to sell her work. This meant that women had strong incentive to paint in saleable, popular and ‘middlebrow’ genres, which reinforced prejudices towards women’s ‘naturally’ inferior artistic ability – prejudices that continued far into the twentieth century.

From shining a light on the difficult to trace pecuniary arrangements of little researched artists like Ethel Mortlock to offering new and direct comparisons between the incomes earned by male and female artists, and the genres, commissions and exhibitions that earned women the most money, Women, Art and Money is a timely contribution to the history of women’s working lives that is relevant to a number of scholarly disciplines.
Selected personal conditions determining the frequency of consuming groups of products among athletes professionally training individual sports disciplines
Authors: Gacek Maria
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Evaluation of the frequency of consuming food products depending on sex, age, and level of self-efficacy, optimism and life satisfaction in a group of athletes professionally training individual sports disciplines.

Methods

The research was performed among 346 individuals (214 men and 132 women). The author’s personal consumption questionnaire, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Life Orientation Test-Revised, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale were used. The Mann-Whitney U Test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients served to analyse the results.

Results

Women more often consumed vegetables, milk, and curd cheeses with reduced fat content; men more often consumed legume seeds, whole-fat curds, pork, vegetable juices, and energy drinks. The statistical analysis showed a positive correlation between the intensity of sense of efficacy and the frequency of consuming legume seeds, semi-skimmed milk, poultry, and isotonic drinks. The level of optimism was negatively correlated with the frequency of consuming light bread, sugary beverages, and energy drinks, while it positively correlated with the frequency of consuming fruit juices. Along with the increase in life satisfaction, the frequency of consumption of wholemeal bread increased, while that of fast food products
decreased. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that along with age, the respondents more often included poultry and mineral water in their diets, and significantly less often consumed whole-fat milk, pork, sweets, and pastries.

Conclusions

Food choices varied depending on sex, age, and level of efficacy, dispositional optimism and life satisfaction.
Comparative effects of clinic- and virtual reality-based McKenzie extension therapy in chronic non-specific low-back pain
Authors: Mbada Chidozie Emmanuel , Makinde Moses Oluwatosin , Odole Adesola Christianah , Dada Olumide Olasunkanmi , Ayanniyi Olusola , Salami Ayomide Johnson , Gambo Ishaya Peni
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The study compared the influence of Clinic-Based McKenzie Therapy (CBMT) and a Virtual Reality Game (VRG) version on pain intensity, back extensor muscles endurance, activity limitation, participation restriction, fear avoidance belief, kinesiophobia, and general health status of patients with chronic non-specific low-back pain.

Methods

This quasi-experimental study involved 46 patients (CBMT: n = 24; VRG: n = 22) with ‘directional preference’ for extension, randomized into CBMT or VRG group. Treatment was applied thrice weekly for 8 weeks. Outcomes were assessed at the end of the 4th and 8th week. Data analysis employed descriptive and inferential statistics of independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, repeated measure ANOVA, Friedman’s ANOVA, and ANCOVA. The significance level was set as α = 0.05.

Results

There were no significant differences in the treatment outcomes (mean change) across the groups (p > 0.05), except for kinesiophobia, where VRG led to a significantly higher decline in mean rank at week 4 (28.3 vs. 19.1; p = 0.018) and 8 (28.7 vs. 18.7; p = 0.009), and vitality (a general health status item) at week 4 (27.6 vs. 19.8; p = 0.042) and 8 (28.1 vs. 19.3; p = 0.042). ANCOVA showed that significant baseline parameters were not significant predictors of vitality (F = 1.986; p = 0.070) or kinesiophobia (F = 0.866; p = 0.563) outcomes.

Conclusions

The VRG mode of McKenzie therapy is comparable with the clinic-based approach in most outcomes. VRG has a superior effect on kinesiophobia, but may take a higher toll on vitality/energy.
An Anatomic Study of the Supratrochlear Foramen of the Humerus and Review of the Literature
Authors: Bahşi İlhan
Published: June 2019

Objective: The coronoid fossa and the olecranon fossa located on the distal end of the humerus are separated by a thin bone septum. This septum may be translucent or opaque. In some cases, this septum may become perforated, and it is called supratrochlear foramen. The aim of the present study was to describe the morphology of the supratrochlear foramen of the humerus.
Methods: This study was conducted on 108 dry humeri (right (R): 56, left (L): 52) belonging to adults whose age, gender, and racial properties are unknown. They were examined to determine the presence of the supratrochlear foramen. The shapes of the supratrochlear foramen were determined, and their diameters were measured.
Results: The supratrochlear foramen was observed in 11 cases on the right side and 11 cases on the left side. On the right side, 5 foramens were detected to be round-shaped, 3 oval-shaped, and 3 kidney-shaped, whereas on the left side, 6 foramens were detected to be oval-shaped and 5 round-shaped. Of the 86 dry humeri with no supratrochlear foramen, 57 (R: 30, L: 27) had a translucent septum, and 29 (R: 15, L: 14) had an opaque septum.
Conclusion: It is apparent that the supratrochlear foramen has been evaluated on bones generally in the literature, and there are differences in incidence rates. Owing to the clinical significance of this formation, it is thought that studying on a wider population of living individuals using radiologic imaging methods will contribute to the literature. In addition, although there are different terms used to express this formation in the literature, it is thought that adopting the name, which is commonly used as supratrochlear foramen, is most appropriate.
Advanced hodograph-based analysis technique to derive gravity waves parameters from Lidar observations
Authors: Strelnikova Irina , Baumgarten Gerd , Lübken Franz-Josef
Published: June 2019

Abstract. An advanced hodograph-based analysis technique to derive gravity waves (GW) parameters from observations of temperature and winds is developed and presented as a step-by-step recipe with justification of every step in such an analysis. As a most adequate background removal technique the 2D-FFT is suggested. For an unbiased analysis of fluctuation whose amplitude grows with height exponentially we propose to apply a scaling function of the form exp(z/(ςH)), where H is scale height, z is altitude, and the constant ς can be derived by a linear fit to fluctuation profiles and should be in a range 1–10 (we derived ς = 2.15 for our data). The most essential part of the proposed analysis technique consist of fitting of cosines- waves to simultaneously measured profiles of zonal and meridional winds and temperature and subsequent hodograph analysis of these fitted waves. The novelty of our approach is that its robustness ultimately allows for automation of the hodograph analysis and resolves many more GWs than it can be inferred by manually applied hodograph technique. This technique is applied to unique lidar measurements of temperature and horizontal winds measured in an altitude range of 30 to 70 km. A case study of continuous lidar observations from January 09 to 12, 2016 with the ALOMAR Rayleigh-Mie-Raman (RMR) Lidar in Northern Norway (69° N) is analyzed. We use linear wave theory to identify 4507 quasi monochromatic waves and apply the hodograph method which allows to estimate several important parameters of the observed GW. This technique allows to unambiguously identify up- and downward propagating GW. In the vicinity of the polar night jet ∼ 30 % of the detected 15 waves propagate downwards. The upward propagating GW predominantly propagate against the background wind, whereas downward propagating waves show no preferred direction. The kinetic energy density of upward propagating GW is larger than that of the downward propagating waves, whereas the potential energy is nearly the same for both directions. The mean vertical flux of horizontal momentum in the altitude range of 42 to 70 km for the detected waves is about 0.65 mPa for upward propagating GW and 0.53 mPa for downward propagating GW.
Millennium-length precipitation reconstruction over south-eastern Asia: a pseudo-proxy approach
Authors: Talento Stefanie , Schneider Lea , Werner Johannes , Luterbacher Jürg
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Quantifying precipitation variability beyond the instrumental period is
essential for putting current and future fluctuations into long-term
perspective and providing a test bed for evaluating climate simulations.
For south-eastern Asia such quantifications are scarce and millennium-long
attempts are still missing. In this study we take a pseudo-proxy approach to
evaluate the potential for generating summer precipitation reconstructions
over south-eastern Asia during the past millennium. The ability of a series
of novel Bayesian approaches to generate reconstructions at either annual or
decadal resolutions and under diverse scenarios of pseudo-proxy records'
noise is analysed and compared to the classic analogue method. We find that for all the algorithms and resolutions a high density of
pseudo-proxy information is a necessary but not sufficient condition for a
successful reconstruction. Among the selected algorithms, the Bayesian
techniques perform generally better than the analogue method, the
difference in abilities being highest over the semi-arid areas and in the
decadal-resolution framework. The superiority of the Bayesian schemes
indicates that directly modelling the space and time precipitation field
variability is more appropriate than just relying on a pool of
observational-based analogues in which certain precipitation regimes might
be absent. Using a pseudo-proxy network with locations and noise levels
similar to the ones found in the real world, we conclude that performing a
millennium-long precipitation reconstruction over south-eastern Asia is
feasible as the Bayesian schemes provide skilful results over most of the
target area.
Uncertainty in fault seal parameters: implications for CO2 column height retention and storage capacity in geological CO2 storage projects
Authors: Miocic Johannes M. , Johnson Gareth , Bond Clare E.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Faults can act as barriers to fluid flow in sedimentary
basins, hindering the migration of buoyant fluids in the subsurface,
trapping them in reservoirs, and facilitating the build-up of vertical fluid
columns. The maximum height of these columns is reliant on the retention
potential of the sealing fault with regards to the trapped fluid. Several
different approaches for the calculation of maximum supported column height
exist for hydrocarbon systems. Here, we translate these approaches to the
trapping of carbon dioxide by faults and assess the impact of uncertainties
in (i) the wettability properties of the fault rock, (ii) fault rock
composition, and (iii) reservoir depth on retention potential. As with
hydrocarbon systems, uncertainties associated with the wettability of a
CO2–brine–fault rock system for a given reservoir have less of an
impact on column heights than uncertainties of fault rock composition. In
contrast to hydrocarbon systems, higher phyllosilicate entrainment into the
fault rock may reduce the amount of carbon dioxide that can be securely
retained due a preferred CO2 wettability of clay minerals. The
wettability of the carbon dioxide system is highly sensitive to depth, with
a large variation in possible column height predicted at 1000 and 2000 m
of depth, which is the likely depth range for carbon storage sites. Our results show
that if approaches developed for fault seals in hydrocarbon systems are
translated, without modification, to carbon dioxide systems the capacity of
carbon storage sites will be inaccurate and the predicted security of
storage sites erroneous.
The effect of estrogen on craniofacial dimensions: a systematic review
Authors: Omori Marjorie Ayumi , Nakane Matsumoto Mirian Aiko , Bezerra Segato Raquel Assed , Bezerra da Silva Léa Assed , Nelson Filho Paulo , Kuchler Erika Calvano
Published: June 2019

Sex hormones have an effect on bone metabolism. However, it remains unclear how estrogen hormone affects mandible and maxilla growth and development. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review to evaluate if estrogen is associated with developmental alterations in the maxilla/mandible phenotype. Material and methods: A computer search of the literature was performed using: Pubmed Medline (1966 – August 2018), Google Scholar and manual searching. A combination of the terms ‘estrogens', ‘mandible’, ‘dental arch’, ‘maxilla’, ‘craniofacial’, ‘growth’ and ‘development’ was used. Studies that used animal models to evaluate the role of estrogen during growth and development on the dimensions of the maxilla and/or mandible were included. Results: 5 studies were selected to compose this systematic review. One study used zebrafish as a model. Two studies used female mice and 2 studies used female rats as a model. Two studies treated the animals with estrogen. Four studies demonstrated that estrogen has an effect on mandible dimension and 2 studies demonstrated that estrogen has an effect on maxilla. One study did find an association between estrogen deficiency and mandible/maxilla dimensions Conclusion: The current evidence suggested that both, increased and decreased levels of estrogen, have an effect on the maxilla and mandible dimensions.
Relational Empathy as an Instrument of Democratic Hope in Action
Authors: Fagiano Mark
Published: June 2019

Historically, philosophers have understood hope in relation to an individual's character and have questioned whether or not hope is rational. American pragmatists, however, have tended to characterize hope as fundamentally social and have been concerned with the problems that arise when different hopes for a better future conflict with one another. Pragmatism's philosophy of social hope is often referred to as meliorism, the idea that the world can be made better with human effort. But in a democratic, open society, what makes the world “better” is debatable given the fact that sometimes the attainment of what is hoped for disallows others to flourish. In this article, I reconstruct the radically democratic and inclusive ideal of social hope first by making a distinction between expectant hope and hope in action. I then introduce a historically informed and pluralistic idea of empathy, what I call relational empathy, and suggest that the practice of relational empathy can serve as a vehicle for hope in action and affords us the opportunity to widen the windows of our perception, challenge our biases, and practice democracy as a way of life.
“The Audacity of Hope”: Reclaiming Obama's Optimism in the Trump Era
Authors: Leboeuf Céline
Published: June 2019

This article makes the case for the continued relevance of former U.S. president Barack Obama's conception of social hope. To present this conception, I compare it with the views of hope developed by two prominent political philosophers: Immanuel Kant and Richard Rorty. Kant, Rorty, and Obama all espouse the idea that progress must be founded on hope since hope motivates action. Yet the three differ on the grounds of hope. Kant believes that social progress depends on our shared humanity. Similarly, Obama regards progress (in the United States) as founded on a set of values shared by all Americans. Given our divisions today, however, Obama's premise appears implausible. Rorty's philosophy of hope provides a way out of this worry: progress need not depend on an essential feature shared by all but can be achieved by “stitching together” coalitions between groups that share interests. Still, this does not imply that we should abandon Obama's conception of hope altogether. The idea of audacious hope implies that we should have the courage to resist the temptation to let divisions quell our efforts toward political progress. Obama's conception of hope, with the Rortian corrective I defend, holds much promise in our current political climate.
Maize-crotalaria intercropping systems
Authors: Souza Rafael Torres de , Valadão Franciele Caroline de Assis , Valadão Júnior Daniel Dias , Guimarães Paulo Rogério , Paula Vinicius Rossi Ribeiro de
Published: June 2019

The objective of this study was to identify a maize-crotalaria intercropping system feasible for producing straw while maintaining maize yield. A study with a completely randomized block design was performed in 2015 and 2016, with 7 × 2 + 1 split plot and three replications in a clayey Red Oxisol. Seven intercropping systems were allocated to each plot, and two crotalaria species (Crotalaria spectabilis and C. ochroleuca) cultivated with maize in monoculture were allocated to each subplot. Crotalaria yield, total chlorophyll content, nitrogen content, plant height, plant dry matter, thousand grain mass, and corn grain yield were evaluated. C. spectabilis was more sensitive to water level variations during the crop cycle than C. ochroleuca. Crotalaria sown before maize planting with maize seeds incorporated in the soil presented a relatively higher phytomass but decreased corn grain yield. The management system in which crotalaria was sown in the inter-row with a ridge planter at the time of maize planting and the system in which crotalaria was sown in the maize sowing furrow were feasible for straw production because they did not decrease corn grain yield and did not affect maize harvesting operations.
Use of hormonal subdoses applied in Bai Hui acupuncture in estrus synchronization protocols for goats
Authors: Souza Diego Oliveira de , Araújo Monna Lopes de , Biscarde Carmo Emanuel Almeida , Mendes Claudinéia da Silva , Silva Mariana Alves de Andrade , Romero Diana Carolina Moya , Cardoso Neto Bianor Matias , Santana Ana Lúcia Almeida , Barbosa Larissa Pires
Published: June 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of delivering reduced doses of hormones via the Bai Hui acupoint in estrus synchronization in goats. A total of 40 goats received intravaginal sponges with medroxyprogesterone acetate for 7 days. The goats were then randomly distributed into 5 treatment: T1 - application of 132.5 ?g of cloprostenol and 300 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), both by intramuscular injection (IM); T2 - application of 39.75 ?g cloprostenol at the Bai Hui acupoint, and 300 IU of eCG by IM; T3 - application of 132.5 ?g of cloprostenol by IM, and 90 IU of eCG at the Bai Hui acupoint; T4 - application of 39.75?g of cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, both in Bai Hui and T5 acupuncture: application of 39.75?g of cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, both applied in false acupoint. The goats were subjected to an estrus synchronization protocol and monitored for estrus detection, coverage and evaluation of reproductive parameters to detect entry into estrus. The data were subjected to normality tests, followed by appropriate statistical analyses of each variable. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the percentage of animals in estrus (95.00 ± 11.18%), interval between sponge removal and beginning of estrus (49.72 ± 8.93 h), interval between sponge removal and end of estrus (76.84 ± 11.98 h), duration of estrus (27.08 ± 8.68 h), size of the largest follicle (6.82 ± 0.44 mm), interval between sponge removal and ovulation (78.28 ± 10.82 h), time from ovarian onset to estrus (28.52 ± 5.44 h), follicular growth rate (0.86 ± 0.29 mm/day), number of ovulations (1.32 ± 0.23), plasma progesterone concentration at 7 days after ovulation (10.28 ± 1.65 ng.mL-1), and gestation rate at 30 days after the beginning of estrus (75 ± 12.5%). However, the cost of the synchronization protocol per animal was 43.42% lower in treatments 4 and 5 (30% of the doses) than in treatment 1 (100% of the dose). Ovulation and estrus were efficiently synchronized with the use of 39.75 ?g of sodium cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, applied at the Bai Hui acupoint or at a false acupoint.
Supplementation strategies and their effects on ewes colostrum and milk compositions in the initial third lactation period
Authors: Campos Nathália Rafaela Fidelis , Difante Gelson dos Santos , Rangel Adriano Henrique do Nascimento , Urbano Stela Antas , Emerenciano Neto João Virgínio , Costa Ana Beatriz Graciano da , Carvalho Netto Roldão Teixeira de , Ribeiro Pedro Henrique Cavalcante , Bezerra José Igor Gomes
Published: June 2019

The objective of this study was to analyze colostrum and milk compositions of ewes kept in pasture receiving different types/levels of supplementation and to analyze milk composition variation throughout the initial third lactation period. After confirmation of pregnancy, 54 ewes were kept in pasture and supplemented from the final third of gestation until weaning with multiple mixture or concentrate (0.4% or 0.8% of body weight). Milk collections were carried out in the postpartum period to collect colostrum (day 0), and on the seventh, 14th, 21st and 28th milking days. Samples were obtained by manual milking and analyzed for protein, fat, casein, lactose, total solids and defatted dry extract. No effects from the different types of supplementation were observed on the colostrum composition or in relation to milk composition. An effect of supplementation was only found for lactose contents, which were higher for animals that consumed a higher level of supplementation. In relation to the milking days, a linear decrease in protein, casein, total solids and defatted dry extract contents was observed between the seventh and the 28th day of lactation. No interaction between type of supplementation and the milking days was observed. The different types of supplementation did not alter the colostrum composition of Santa Inês crossbred ewes, however they had an influence on milk composition. Protein, casein, total solids and defatted dry extract decrease linearly between the seventh and the 28th day of lactation.
The effect of combinations of dried or ensiled corn and sorghum on the performance of feedlot lambs
Authors: Silva Marina Gabriela Berchiol , Fachiolli Daniele Floriano , Costa Ciniro , Meirelles Paulo Roberto de Lima , Factori Marco Aurélio , Barros Juliana da Silva , Pariz Cristiano Magalhães , Lima Vania Luzia Fournou de , Garcia Cledson Augusto
Published: June 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of combinations of dry and moist corn and sorghum grain on the carcass and cut characteristics of crossbred lambs Suffolk x Santa Inês produced in feedlots. The experimental design was a randomized block with four treatments and three replicates. Sixty uncastrated male lambs with an initial average weight of 15.5 kg were used in this experiment. Four combinations of grain were evaluated: dry sorghum milled + silage of high-moisture sorghum grain (DS: MS); dry corn milled + silage of high-moisture sorghum grain (DC:MS); dry corn milled + silage of high-moisture corn grain (DC:MC); dry sorghum milled + silage of high-moisture corn grain (DS:MC). There was no difference between treatments for carcass yield, warm and cold carcass weight and for cooling loss. The slaughtering weights of lambs fed DC:MS associations were higher (29.46 kg) than lambs fed DC: MC (24.17 kg), but both did not differ DS:MS (26.18 kg) and DS:MC (25.21 kg). There was influence of the grain associations on the yield of commercial cuts palette and shank. Combinations of corn and sorghum grain, dried and ensiled, can be used to feed lambs in confinement for meat production without affecting the quality of the carcass.
Productive and structural responses of Urochloa brizantha cv. piatã subjected to management strategies
Authors: Santos Josimar Nogueira dos , Souza Alexandre Lima de , Carvalho Marcus Vinicius Pavoni de , Ferro Mariane Moreno , Zanine Anderson de Moura
Published: June 2019

This experiment was carried out to evaluate management strategies for Piatã grass grown in the soil-climatic conditions of the south region of Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The treatments corresponded to four management strategies determined by the following pre- and post-harvest heights: 30/10, 30/15, 35/20 and 40/15. A completely randomized design with five replications was employed totaling twenty experimental units. The highest number of harvests was observed in the plots subjected to strategies 35/20 and 30/15, which allowed for two additional harvest cycles when compared with strategies 40/15 and 30/10. The strategies that provided plants with the greatest pre-harvest heights, 40/15 and 35/20, resulted in lower leaf elongation rates, stem elongation rates, and leaf senescence. Because of the lower post-harvest height, strategy 30/10 resulted in the largest tiller population, an average of 829 tillers m2. The highest herbage accumulation value, 18.600 kg ha-1 DM, was observed with management strategies 40/15 and 30/15. The management of Piatã grass based on the harvest target of 30/15 associates elevated herbage production with a favorable pasture structure for grazing.
Thermoregulatory, behavioral, and production traits of ½ and ¾ Holstein/Gir dairy cows
Authors: Ferro Diogo Alves da Costa , Ferro Rafael Alves da Costa , Santos Aracele Pinheiro Pales dos , Santos Klayto José Gonçalves dos , Silva Bruna Paula Alves da , Ferreira Jefter Macedo , Bueno Claudia Peixoto , Silva Bruno Henrique Leite
Published: June 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate thermoregulatory, behavioral, and production traits of Holstein/Gir dairy cows of different genetic compositions. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Turvânia - GO, Brazil, from July to December 2017. Twenty lactating cows of two genetic groups (½ and ¾ Holstein/Gir [HG]) were used in a completely randomized design where they were subjected to a rotational-grazing system in 24 irrigated Mombasa grass pastures with one day of occupation and 24 days of rest, and fed a 22% CP supplemental concentrate diet. During the experimental period, thermoregulatory, behavioral, and production data were collected on 12 occasions, at 15-day intervals. Environmental data such as ambient temperature, air relative humidity, and temperature-humidity index were recorded. Number of hairs, hair length and thickness, body surface temperature, rectal temperature, and respiratory frequency were analyzed as thermoregulatory traits. The behavioral assessment was undertaken by observing the feeding behavior, rumination, rest, and other activities. To determine production traits, milk yield and composition were analyzed. A higher respiratory frequency was observed in ¾ HG cows compared with ½ HG cows (p<0.05). Cows of the ½ HG group produced milk with higher protein contents (p<0.05). Rectal temperature, body temperature, number of hairs, hair length and thickness, feeding behavior, rumination, rest, and other activities were similar (p>0.05) between the two genetic groups, and the same was true for milk yield, fat and lactose contents, and somatic cell count.
Production behavior and prices of beef cattle in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Santos Marcos Antônio Souza dos , Lourenço Júnior José de Brito , Santana Antônio Cordeiro de , Homma Alfredo Kingo Oyama , Martins Cyntia Mereiles , Rebello Fabrício Khoury , Soares Bruno Cabral , Silva André Guimarães Maciel e
Published: June 2019

This study evaluates the production behavior and prices in the beef cattle industry in the Brazilian Amazon. We used time series data obtained from various sources and employed multiple regression and polynomial regression analysis. For the price analysis, we used the classical time series model and separated the seasonal and cyclic indices based on the 12-month centered moving average. The analyses covered the period from 1990 to 2015, when the regional cattle population grew at a rate of 5% per year, compared to the national growth rate of 1.7%. The price analysis reveals the existence of cycles in regional cattle ranching, defined mainly by an inverse correlation between the price of fattened cattle and the slaughter of matrices. As for the variables determining the growth of the cattle population, we find that rural credit policy assumes an important role in enabling the supply of resources for financing livestock projects that are more popular than investments in agriculture. The creation and structuring of state agricultural defense agencies in the late 1990s represents an important measure in the institutional sphere, as the implementation of animal health policies and programs has generated a favorable environment for the expansion of investments in meat production and processing, in addition to opening up opportunities for trade in the domestic and international markets.
Determination of Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn in Muscle Cells as Potential Markers of Oxidative Stress by Laser Ablation and Solution Based ICP-MS
Authors: Fagieh Taghreed M. , Reid Helen J. , Sharp Barry . L.
Published: June 2019

Oxidative stress is imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant levels in living systems. Human cells are protected from reactive oxygen species (ROS) by endogenous enzymatic antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Most of these compounds require particular redox metals in their structures as cofactors to allow them to scavenge the free radicals, in particular Cu, Zn or Mn-with SOD and Fe with catalase. The aim of this study was to quantify these metals in human cells to evaluate their effectiveness as novel biomarkers for measuring oxidative stress. The metals (Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn) were measured in vitro in skeletal muscle cells (C2C12) which were incubated under hypoxia or hyperoxia conditions generated by varying oxygen levels from 1% - 60% for 24 and 48 hours. Two methods were used to perform the analyses. Solution-based inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied to quantify Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn in cell populations, and laser ablation (LA)-ICP-MS was employed to compare their relative levels in individual cells. The data acquired from both techniques were positively correlated confirming the validity of the two approaches. The results showed that the concentration of the measured elements increased dramatically in cells grown at 25% - 60% O2, the most significant increase being in Cu at 60% O2. None showed any increase at 5% - 15% O2, indicating normoxia states. At 1% O2, all elements, except Fe, showed a significant increase and the most remarkable growth was in Mn. Increasing the incubation time to 48 hours had differing effects on the elements. Zn and Cu concentrations were unaffected by increasing incubation time except at 60% O2 where they showed further growth. In contrast, Mn concentration grew sharply for oxygen levels of 30% - 50% with no further effect at 1%, while Fe concentration decreased at 1% O2 and grew steadily for oxygen levels of 5% - 60%. It can be concluded that all four elements were significantly affected by stress conditions applied to cells, but at different rates. Importantly, this paper describes a novel method for estimating oxidative stress in cells based on the determination of redox elements in single cells and cell populations using ICP-MS.
Nurse Sows’ Reproductive Performance in Different Parities and Lifetime Productivity in Spain
Authors: Iida Ryosuke , Yatabe Yu , Piñeiro Carlos , Koketsu Yuzo
Published: June 2019

Our objective was to characterize use of nurse sows in Spanish breeding herds. We analyzed 466 111 parity records and lifetime records of 92 716 sows farrowed between 2011 and 2017 in 69 herds having nurse records. Nurse sows were defined as sows that had weaned 2 or 3 litters in the same lactation period. Mixed-effects models were applied to the data to compare reproductive performance and lifetime productivity between nurse and non-nurse sows. Of all the sows, 6 705 (7.2%) sows served as nurse sows at least once in their lifetime, with 10.2% of the nurse sows having a second nurse event in a later parity. Mean values (SE) of lactation length and number of piglets weaned were 31.0 (0.11) days and 21.9 (0.04) piglets in nurse sows, respectively. Across parities 2-6, nurse sows had 1.9-3.0% greater proportions of weaning-to-first-mating interval 7-20 days than non-nurse sows (P < 0.05). There was no difference between nurse sows and non-nurse sows in farrowing rate in any parity (P ≥ 0.13) and piglets born alive in parities 1-5 (P ≥ 0.15). Also, nurse sows had 3.7-7.4 more annualized lifetime piglets weaned than non-nurse sows (P < 0.01), because nurse sows had similar lifetime non-productive days with non-nurse sows (P ≥ 0.07), but produced 9.3-12.0 more lifetime piglets weaned than non-nurse sows (P < 0.01). Using nurse sows could be a good practice to cope with highly prolific sows.
The Rule of Law in Crisis? – Some Observations from the Perspective of the Venice Commission
Authors: Kuijer Martin
Published: June 2019

The European Commission for Democracy through Law - better known as the Venice Commission - is the Council of Europe’s advisory body on constitutional matters. In this article, the existence of serious threats to the rule of law will be elaborated on. There are various methods in order to conduct such an exercise. This contribution is limited to the overarching trend to use legislative amendments to repress those who disagree with government policies, those who could potentially disagree with the government line, or those who are otherwise considered to be an ‘opponent’ to the regime. When examining those threats, a distinction will be made between those measures which target the judiciary (including constitutional justice), the press, and civil society. Reference will be made to opinions adopted by the Venice Commission over the last five years (in a non-exhaustive manner). Because of this angle (opinions, statements and studies of the Venice Commission), this article does not provide an exhaustive picture of the ‘Rule of Law’ landscape, nor is that the intention of this article. Some thoughts as to the underlying explanations for such a ‘Rule of Law crisis’ will be discussed. In the concluding part, some more personal comments will be made how a body such as the Venice Commission can respond to the before-mentioned threats to the Rule of Law.
The reversal of the decentralization process in Colombia: The peace agreement with Farc as an opportunity to re-decentralize the country
Authors: Bencardino Julián Arévalo , Escobar David A. Ortiz , Albarracín Andrea García
Published: June 2019

Despite the ambitious reforms executed from the 80’s aimed at increasing the political, fiscal and administrative independence of Colombia’s sub-national entities (municipalities and departments), there has been a reversal in the decentralization process in the country that manifests itself most clearly in the fiscal area. In addition to redesign the fiscal structure in order to empower municipalities and departments, the country can address this decentralization crisis by considering two sets of policy actions. The first one is the implementation of the notion of “territorial peace” which is one of the key components of the peace agreement with Farc. This notion emphasizes bottom-up initiatives as well as citizen’s participation in the development of the reforms and policies proposed by the agreement itself. The second relates to the re-thinking of the territorial organization of Colombia, as it requires a differentiated approach according to the conditions and realities of the territorial entities.
A fruitless attempt towards plurinationality and decolonization? Perplexities in the creation of indigenous territorial autonomies in Bolivia
Authors: Englert Franziska , Schaub-Englert Jonathan
Published: June 2019

The new Andean constitutionalism centred around the concepts of plurinationality and decolonization tackles centuries of indigenous subordination and strives for the revaluation of indigenous culture. Territorial autonomy is currently considered a pivotal aspect of materializing these concepts and constitutes one of the most pressing demands of indigenous peoples in Latin America. The revolutionary Bolivian Constitution of 2009 is among the first to offer ways of establishing indigenous territorial autonomies as a form of sub-state territorial authority. Given the legal framework and the fact that three indigenous territorial autonomies (AIOCs) were officially created, Bolivia can be seen as the country with the most advanced conceptualization of indigenous territorial autonomies in Latin America. A closer look at the legal, cultural and administrative realities in Bolivia, however, reveals a different picture. By analyzing national and international law, indigenous cosmovisión and policies for implementation, this article points out six multi-layered perplexities regarding indigenous territorial autonomy, namely (1) the AOICs’ inherent subordination to the State, (2) the irreconcilability of the AIOC-system with indigenous ancestral practices, (3) the hierarchization within demodiversity, (4) the sacrifice of indigenous interests for neo-extractivism, (5) the obstruction of the implementation process by the State and (6) the possible trade-off between de jure and de facto autonomy. We argue that the Bolivian States’ self-imposed objective of overcoming colonialism and establishing plurinationality through AIOCs is not fulfilled. While some of the perplexities identified in Bolivia are clearly related to the MAS’ political-party interests, others have a conceptual and more abstract nature rooted in the contradiction of overcoming colonialism through the State. These findings might also be of importance for decolonization processes in other countries, such as Ecuador.
Democratization through Decentralization. Why Electoral Laws Matter
Authors: Bertel Maria
Published: June 2019

Although Alberto Fujimori, the father of neo-populism stepped down almost 20 years ago, Peru is still struggling with his legacy: Fujimorismo is still dividing society and the Constitution of 1993 although amended various times since Fujimori resigned, is still in force.
Organization, Not Inspiration: A Historical Perspective of Musical Information Architecture
Authors: Freeman Graham , Glushko Robert J.
Published: June 2019

The organization of musical resources in a piece of music is opaque for everyone but for those with the highest levels of musical education. For the average listener, the specific vocabulary of musical organization is usually replaced by metaphorical language relating to inspiration and musical affect, or by a social perspective that rids the music of its specific theoretical language and provides a more relatable perspective of the music as a historical and communal event. We examine the ways in which information architecture and organizational theory can surface the inner workings of music in a relatable and approachable way. We consider music as a series of design resources that composers draw upon and organize according to a series of constraints that create a sense of musical structure to which the listener can relate. After a general introduction to the literature relating to constraints and creativity, we use two historical anecdotes that provide accessible demonstrations of how musicians in the seventeenth and twentieth centuries organized their musical resources both for their own compositional needs and for the purposes of didactic communication.
An Automatic Method for Extracting Innovative Ideas Based on the Scopus® Database
Authors: Chen Lielei , Fang Hui
Published: June 2019

The novelty of knowledge claims in a research paper can be considered an evaluation criterion for papers to supplement citations. To provide a foundation for research evaluation from the perspective of innovativeness, we propose an automatic approach for extracting innovative ideas from the abstracts of technology and engineering papers. The approach extracts N-grams as candidates based on part-of-speech tagging and determines whether they are novel by checking the Scopus® database to determine whether they had ever been presented previously. Moreover, we discussed the distributions of innovative ideas in different abstract structures. To improve the performance by excluding noisy N-grams, a list of stop-words and a list of research description characteristics were developed. We selected abstracts of articles published from 2011 to 2017 with the topic of semantic analysis as the experimental texts. Excluding noisy N-grams, considering the distribution of innovative ideas in abstracts, and suitably combining N-grams can effectively improve the performance of automatic innovative idea extraction. Unlike co-word and co-citation analysis, innovative-idea extraction aims to identify the differences in a paper from all previously published papers.
Nationale Diabetesstrategie – Chancen und Grenzen nationaler Kampagnen
Authors: Mühlhauser Ingrid
Published: June 2019

Weder zur Prävention noch zum Screening auf Diabetes ist bisher ein Wirksamkeitsnachweis auf klinisch relevante kardiovaskuläre Endpunkte gelungen. Die intensive multiprofessio­nelle Betreuung zur Änderung des individuellen Ess- und Bewegungsverhaltens muss als gescheitert gelten. Adipositas und Diabetes sind Phänomene der bildungs- und einkommensbenachteiligten Bevölkerungsgruppen. Die enormen Unterschiede in der Lebenserwartung zwischen den Sozialschichten erfordern neue Ideen und Konzepte.