bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low‐Cost Customized Color‐Blind Contact Lenses using 3D Printed Molds
Authors: Salih Ahmed E. , Alam Fahad , Elsherif Mohamed , Hittini Saba , Butt Haider
Published: March 2023

Prominence of color perception in our day‐to‐day routine is unequivocally pronounced, yet visual ramifications due to color vision deficiency (CVD) or color blindness impede carriers of this disorder from functioning normally. To circumvent this deficiency, patients opt for tinted glasses/contact lenses to complement their color distinction capabilities. Red‐green color blindness, the most prevalent form of CVD, can be alleviated using such glasses/lenses that filter out problematic wavelengths (540–580 nm). Nonetheless, nearly all contact lenses established by companies and developed by researchers are tinted throughout their entire surface, causing patients discomfort and needless attention as people can easily note their deficiency. Ideally, the tint within the lens should only cover the eye's pupil as it is responsible for perceiving light. Hence herein, CVD contact lenses are fabricated by solely tinting the midportion of commercial lenses utilizing two additively manufactured molds with 4 and 8 mm‐diameter holes to emulate the humans’ average pupil size. The tinted lenses filter light effectively at 530–590 nm with their transmission dip being at 558 nm. The contact lenses show excellent wettability and water retention capabilities along with demonstrating superior wavelength‐filtering properties to most of the commercial and research‐based CVD wearables.
Propionibacterium acnes Cloaked with ZnAl Layered Double Hydroxides Synergistically Inhibits Tumor Growth and Metastasis
Authors: Zhu Peipei , Zhou Cheng , Chen Jiafei , Chu Qiang , Li Feiyu , Fu Yike , Li Xiang
Published: March 2023

The combination of precise tumor depletion and immunotherapy presents great potential to exterminate cancer disease. Anaerobic bacteria can trigger innate and adaptive immune responses in tumors to facilitate the antitumor effects. However, bacteria injected intravenously induce systemic inflammation and are likely to be eliminated in the blood. Herein, live bacteria, Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), are integrated with ZnAl layered double hydroxides (LDHs) to construct an effective system enabling synergistic inhibition in both tumor growth and metastasis. In this system, P. acnes carries LDHs to reach and penetrate the hypoxic tumor tissue. The metabolism of colonized P. acnes and the pH‐responsive degradation of LDHs produce reactive nitrogen species and reactive oxygen species to trigger inevitable cell death. Furthermore, the decomposition of LDHs exposes P. acnes, and thus the immune response is activated to prohibit the reoccurrence of distant tumors. The biohybrid P. acnes@LDHs, developed in this study, possesses remarkable anticancer outcomes both in vitro and in vivo.
Phosphorus Optimized Metastable Hexagonal‐Close‐Packed Phase Nickel for Efficient Hydrogen Peroxide Production in Neutral Media
Authors: Geng Shize , Ji Yujin , Yang Shize , Su Jiaqi , Hu Zhiwei , Chan Ting‐Shan , Yu Hao , Li Youyong , Chin Yi‐Ying , Huang Xiaoqing , Shao Qi
Published: March 2023

Direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through electrochemical oxygen reduction has gained close attention yet remains a great challenge due to the slow kinetics. Herein, combining with the virtues of the native high energy state and fascinating surface environment of metastable materials and doping strategy, an efficient phosphorus‐optimized metastable hexagonal‐close‐packed phase nickel catalyst (P‐hcp Ni), belonging to the space group (P63/mmc, 194), with P doping is demonstrated. Significantly, it achieves high selectivity of 97% and a high intrinsic turnover frequency of 2.34 s−1, much better than those of the stable face‐centered‐cubic Ni catalyst. It also displays high stability with remaining in the metastable phase after the stability test. More importantly, P‐hcp Ni also achieves a productivity of 4917.2 mmol gNi−1 h−1 and an accumulated concentration of (H2O2) of 2.38 mol L−1 after 130 h stability test in pure water with a solid electrolyte. Further investigation reveals that the P doping not only greatly enhances the stability of metastable phase, but also weakens the *OOH adsorption on the active site, promoting the high production of H2O2 in the neutral media.
Defect‐Engineering Bismuth‐Based Homologous Schottky Heterojunction for Metabolic Regulation‐Augmented Sonodynamic Tumor Therapy
Authors: Cao Xinyue , Wang Ying , Song Xinran , Lou Wanqing , Li Xiaoyan , Lu Weiping , Chen Kai , Chen Liang , Chen Yu , Huang Bingcang
Published: March 2023

Sonodynamic therapy demonstrates tremendous potential in biomedicine due to its non‐invasiveness, deep tissue penetration, and spatiotemporal controllability. However, the lack of favorable nanosonosensitizers with prominent reactive oxygen species generation capability and green chemical constituents remains a significant challenge for its broad biomedical applications. Herein, a homologous bismuth‐based nanosonosensitizer (Bi‐HJ) is designed and fabricated by direct defect engineering for combinational tumor therapy. Specifically, self‐derived Schottky heterojunction and oxygen vacancies are concurrently constructed in Bi‐HJ, which prominently promotes the separation of ultrasound‐triggered electron–hole pairs and improves the charge utilization efficiency. With the porous structure, Bi‐HJ is loaded with a metabolic regulation drug atovaquone to block the mitochondrial respiration for oxygen‐economized sonodynamic tumor suppression. The strong near‐infrared absorption of Bi‐HJ imparted by oxygen vacancies allows the implementation of photothermal therapy. Accordingly, Bi‐HJ rationally combines two therapeutic modalities and metabolic regulation function, as well as computed tomography imaging ability, thus achieving effective tumor theranostics in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, this study provides new insight into the fabrication of homologous nanosonosensitizers without the introduction of other constituents for synergistically enhanced tumor therapy.
Single Phase Trimetallic Spinel CoCrxRh2‐xO4 Nanofibers for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction under Freshwater Mimicking Seawater Conditions
Authors: Jin Dasol , Woo Hyerim , Prabhakaran Sampath , Lee Youngmi , Kim Myung Hwa , Kim Do Hwan , Lee Chongmok
Published: March 2023

Electrochemical water splitting is a promising pathway for sustainable oxygen production in terms of energy conversion. Seawater electrolysis, especially, is a sustainable approach to carbon‐neutral energy conversion without reliance on freshwater; however, extreme corrosion of anodic electrode caused by highly corrosive Cl− is a main challenge of seawater oxidation. To address this issue, herein, nanofibers of trimetallic spinel CoCrxRh2‐xO4 with various composition ratios are prepared for highly sustained water oxidation electrocatalysis. Among a series of CoCrxRh2‐xO4, CoCr0.7Rh1.3O4 nanofibers exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction (OER): the highest mass activity, the lowest overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 and the smallest Tafel slope with robust long‐term stability under alkaline electrolyte. In addition, CoCr0.7Rh1.3O4 nanofibers deliver better OER performances in simulated seawater than a commercial benchmark catalyst (IrO2 nanoparticles), demonstrating that feasibility of alkaline seawater electrolysis with CoCr0.7Rh1.3O4 nanofibers as an OER electrocatalyst.
Deconstructive Cyanomethylation Enabled by Radical Cross‐Coupling through Multiple C−C Bond and C−H Bond Cleavage
Authors: Yin Changzhen , Liu Wei , Wu Qiang , Wang Miao , Hu Peng
Published: March 2023

Being in its infancy, radical cross‐coupling is highly efficient for C−C bond construction, though suffers from selectivity problems and limited reaction types. New methodologies to realize radical cross‐coupling selectively are highly desired. Herein, an iron catalyzed deconstructive cyanomethylation of unstrained cyclic and linear alcohols with acetonitrile has been developed through radical cross‐coupling. The unprecedented method enables a ring‐opening functionalization of cyclohexanols to produce α‐cyanomethyl ketones. Notably, the highly challenging reaction involves twice C−C single bond cleavage through β‐scission of alkoxyl radical intermediates, and twice C(sp3)−H bond transformation via hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) procedures, resulting in two carbon radical species that realize a radical cross‐coupling process to form a new C(sp3)−C(sp3) bond selectively. α‐arylketo and α‐aryl substituted tertiary alcohols can also be applied as substrates, leading to terminal cyano‐functionalized linear products, with ketone as the leaving fragment. Mechanistically, a new procedure to generate alkoxyl radical with chlorine radical through the in‐situ formed intermediate cycloalkyl hypochlorite was suggested.

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Flexible Organic Electronic Ion Pump for Flow‐Free Phytohormone Delivery into Vasculature of Intact Plants
Authors: Bernacka‐Wojcik Iwona , Talide Loïc , Abdel Aziz Ilaria , Simura Jan , Oikonomou Vasileios K. , Rossi Stefano , Mohammadi Mohsen , Dar Abdul Manan , Seitanidou Maria , Berggren Magnus , Simon Daniel T. , Tybrandt Klas , Jonsson Magnus P. , Ljung Karin , Niittylä Totte , Stavrinidou Eleni
Published: March 2023

Plant vasculature transports molecules that play a crucial role in plant signaling including systemic responses and acclimation to diverse environmental conditions. Targeted controlled delivery of molecules to the vascular tissue can be a biomimetic way to induce long distance responses, providing a new tool for the fundamental studies and engineering of stress‐tolerant plants. Here, a flexible organic electronic ion pump, an electrophoretic delivery device, for controlled delivery of phytohormones directly in plant vascular tissue is developed. The c‐OEIP is based on polyimide‐coated glass capillaries that significantly enhance the mechanical robustness of these microscale devices while being minimally disruptive for the plant. The polyelectrolyte channel is based on low‐cost and commercially available precursors that can be photocured with blue light, establishing much cheaper and safer system than the state‐of‐the‐art. To trigger OEIP‐induced plant response, the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) in the petiole of intact Arabidopsis plants is delivered. ABA is one of the main phytohormones involved in plant stress responses and induces stomata closure under drought conditions to reduce water loss and prevent wilting. The OEIP‐mediated ABA delivery triggered fast and long‐lasting stomata closure far away from the delivery point demonstrating systemic vascular transport of the delivered ABA, verified delivering deuterium‐labeled ABA.
Catalyst‐ and Light‐free S−H Insertion between Phosphorodithioic Acids and Diazo Compounds: Rapid Access to Dialkylphosphorodithioates
Authors: Huang Meiling , Ye Zi , Xu Weici , Xu Ming‐Hua
Published: March 2023

A catalyst‐ and light‐free S−H insertion of phosphorodithioic acids with diazo compounds has been developed, in which phosphorodithioic acid acts not only as an acid promoter but also as a nucleophile. This protocol features fast reaction rate, broad substrate scope, mild conditions, and simple operation, providing a cost‐effective and general approach to diverse phosphorodithioates.
Comparison of the telephone‐Montreal Cognitive Assessment (T‐MoCA) and Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) as screening tests for early Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Chappelle Sheridan D. , Gigliotti Christina , Léger Gabriel C. , Peavy Guerry M. , Jacobs Diane M. , Banks Sarah J. , Little Emily A. , Galasko Douglas , Salmon David P.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Remote screening for cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) has grown in importance with the expected rise in prevalence of AD in an aging population and with new potential treatment options.

Methods

The Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) and new telephone adaptation of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (T‐MoCA) were administered to participants independently classified through in‐person clinical evaluation as cognitively normal (CN; n = 167), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 25), or dementia (n = 23). Cerebrospinal fluid AD biomarkers were measured (n = 79).

Results

TICS and T‐MoCA were highly correlated (r = 0.787; P < 0.001): groups differed on both (CN<MCI<dementia; TICS: F [2212] = 156.66; P < 0.001; T‐MoCA: F [2210] = 143.72; P < 0.001), both effectively detected cognitive impairment (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve: TICS = 0.889; T‐MoCA = 0.902), and both negatively correlated with a composite AD biomarker (tau/amyloid beta 1‐42; TICS: r = −0.372; P = 0.001; T‐MoCA: r = −0.480; P < 0.001).

Discussion

TICS and T‐MoCA are effective for remotely detecting cognitive impairment associated with AD in older adults. Strong correlation between tests provides construct validity for the newer T‐MoCA.

Highlights

Construct validity for the telephone adaptation of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (T‐MoCA) was newly established against the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS).

TICS and T‐MoCA effectively detected cognitive impairment with remote administration.

Both tests negatively correlated with a composite cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker (tau/amyloid beta 1‐42).
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Deuteration of α‐Amidoacrylates for Stereoselective Synthesis of α,β‐Dideuterated α‐Amino Acids
Authors: Li Aibo , Song Xinjian , Ren Qiao , Bao Peiwang , Long Xinyu , Huang Fuli , Yuan Lvjiang , Zhou Jianrong Steve , Qin Xurong
Published: March 2023

A cobalt‐catalyzed deuteration of amidoacrylates using deuterated methanol afforded α,β‐dideuterio‐α‐amino esters in excellent enantiomeric ratios (mostly >95 : 5) and almost complete deuteration (99 %). The new protocol was used to prepare dideuterio‐α‐amino acid fragments in some drugs. Furthermore, the stereoselective deuteration was applied in a concise synthesis of dideuterio l‐DOPA.
Selective Synthesis and Structural Transformation of a 4‐Ravel Containing Four Crossings and Featuring Cp*Rh/Ir Fragments
Authors: Dang Li‐Long , Zhang Ting‐Ting , Chen Tian , Zhao Ying , Gao Xiang , Aznarez Francisco , Ma Lu‐Fang , Jin Guo‐Xin
Published: March 2023

Intricately interwoven topologies are continually being synthesized and are ultimately equally versatile and significant at the nanoscale level; however, reports concerning ravel structures, which are highly entwined new topological species, are extremely rare and fraught with tremendous synthesis challenges. To solve the synthesis problem, a tetrapodontic pyridine ligand L1 with two types of olefinic bond units and two Cp*M‐based building blocks (E1, M=Rh; E2, M=Ir) featuring large conjugated planes was prepared to perform the self‐assembly. Two unprecedented [5+10] icosanuclear molecular 4‐ravels containing four crossings were obtained by parallel‐displaced π⋅⋅⋅π interactions in a single‐step strategy. Remarkably, reversible structural transformations between the 4‐ravel and the corresponding metallocage could be realized by concentration changes and solvent‐ and guest‐induced effects. X‐ray crystallographic data and NMR spectroscopy provide full confirmation of these phenomena.
Synchronously Manipulating Absorption and Extinction Coefficient of Semiconducting Polymers via Precise Dual‐Acceptor Engineering for NIR‐II Excited Photothermal Theranostics
Authors: Li Jiangao , Kang Miaomiao , Zhang Zhijun , Li Xue , Xu Weilin , Wang Dong , Gao Xike , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: March 2023

Integrating the ultralong excitation wavelength, high extinction coefficient, and prominent photothermal conversion ability into a single photothermal agent is an appealing yet significantly challenging task. Herein, a precise dual‐acceptor engineering strategy is exploited for this attempt based on donor‐acceptor (D‐A) type semiconductor polymers by subtly regulating the molar proportions of the two employed electron acceptor moieties featuring different electronic affinity and π‐conjugation degrees, and making full use of the active intramolecular motion‐induced photothermal effect. The optimal polymer SP4 synchronously shows desirable second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) absorption, an extremely high extinction coefficient, and satisfactory photothermal conversion behavior. Consequently, the unprecedented performance of SP4 NPs on 1064 nm laser‐excited photoacoustic imaging (PAI)‐guided photothermal therapy (PTT) is demonstrated by the precise tumor diagnosis and complete tumor elimination.
Synthesis of Cationic Biphen[4, 5]arenes as Biofilm Disruptors
Authors: Du Xinbei , Ma Mengke , Zhang Yahan , Yu Xiang , Chen Longming , Zhang Han , Meng Zhao , Jia Xueshun , Chen Junyi , Meng Qingbin , Li Chunju
Published: March 2023

Since bacteria in biofilms are inherently resistant to antibiotics and biofilm‐associated infections pose a serious threat to global public health, new therapeutic agents and schemes are urgently needed to meet clinical requirements. Here two quaternary ammonium‐functionalized biphen[n]arenes (WBPn, n=4, 5) were designed and synthesized with excellent anti‐biofilm potency. Not only could they inhibit the assembly of biofilms, but also eradicate intractable mature biofilms formed by Gram‐positive S. aureus and Gram‐negative E. coli bacterial strains. Moreover, they could strongly complex a conventional antibiotic, cefazolin sodium (CFZ) with complex stability constants of (7.41±0.29)×104 M−1 for CFZ/WBP4 and (4.98±0.49)×103 M−1 for CFZ/WBP5. Combination of CFZ by WBP4 and WBP5 synergistically enhanced biofilm eradication performance in vitro and statistically improved healing efficacy on E. coli‐infected mice models, providing a novel supramolecular strategy for combating biofilm‐associated infections.
Site‐Specific Introduction of Bioorthogonal Handles to Nanopores by Genetic Code Expansion
Authors: Yang Jing , Wang Kefan , Zhang Shanyu , Zheng Xiaocui , Cui Tongxiao , Yang Xian , Liu Yao , Lu Di , Wang Yuqin , Tian Xiao , Zhang Panke , Huang Shuo , Xie Ran
Published: March 2023

Site‐specific functionalization of natural amino acid‐containing biological nanopores is pivotal in single molecule sensing. However, pore engineering methodologies are restricted to a limited choice and introduction of unnatural chemical components is extremely difficult. Herein we report the genetic code expansion (GCE) strategy to introduce unnatural amino acid (UAA) to an octameric Mycobacterium smegmatis porin A (MspA) nanopore. GCE allows for rapid and efficient introduction of bioorthogonal reactive site (i.e., azide) to the pore rim, and conjugation of single stranded DNA or lysozyme was demonstrated. The lysozyme‐conjugated pore was further used for the discrimination of different oligosaccharides, demonstrating a sensing capacity that a bare MspA nanopore does not possess. GCE with bioorthogonal handles, which has never been previously applied in the preparation of nanopores, is a versatile strategy for pore engineering and may further expand the application scenarios of nanopores.
Armor‐like Inorganic‐rich Cathode Electrolyte Interphase Enabled by the Pentafluorophenylboronic Acid Additive for High‐voltage Li||NCM622 Batteries
Authors: Yang Yulu , Wang Huaping , Zhu Chunlei , Ma Jianmin
Published: March 2023

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) comprising Li metal anode and high‐voltage nickel‐rich cathode could potentially realize high capacity and power density. However, suitable electrolytes to tolerate the oxidation on the cathode at high cut‐off voltage are urgently needed. Herein, we present an armor‐like inorganic‐rich cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) strategy for exploring oxidation‐resistant electrolytes for sustaining 4.8 V Li||LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) batteries with pentafluorophenylboronic acid (PFPBA) as the additive. In such CEI, the armored lithium borate surrounded by CEI up‐layer represses the dissolution of inner CEI moieties and also improves the Li+ conductivity of CEI while abundant LiF is distributed over whole CEI to enhance the mechanical stability and Li+ conductivity compared with polymer moieties. With such robust Li+ conductive CEI, the Li||NCM622 battery delivered excellent stability at 4.6 V cut‐off voltage with 91.2 % capacity retention after 400 cycles. The excellent cycling performance was also obtained even at 4.8 V cut‐off voltage.
Cobalt(II)‐Catalyzed C(sp3)−C(sp3) Coupling for the Direct Stereoselective Synthesis of 2‐Deoxy‐C‐Glycosides from Glycals
Authors: Zeng Mingjie , Yu Changyue , Wang Yibing , Wang Jingjing , Wang Jiang , Liu Hong
Published: March 2023

We report a ligand‐controlled CoII‐catalyzed C(sp3)−C(sp3) coupling hydroalkylation for direct and β‐selective synthesis of 2‐deoxy‐C‐glycosides from glycals. This reaction proceeds by a radical pathway for alkyl halide activation and is β‐selective through ligand control. This approach may inspire the development of further stereoselective coupling reactions with potential application in the field of carbohydrates.
Measurement of Nanometer Distances in Solution via 13C NMR Spectroscopy—Shrinking of Macrocycles with Increasing Temperature
Authors: Siera Hannah , Mehrparvar Saber , Fax Jonas , Kreuzahler Mathis , Haberhauer Gebhard
Published: March 2023

For a molecular system, size and shape are of elementary importance for its function and properties. Therefore, the determination of distances within a molecule is essential. However, the commonly used methods are only suitable for distances smaller than 4 Å or larger than 15 Å. Here, we show that by incorporating a molecular spring, we can measure distances in macrocycles in the range of 10 Å using 13C NMR spectroscopy. The accuracy of the method also allows to determine the temperature dependence of the distances. In one case, we find a contraction of the length by almost 10 % upon heating. This shrinking due to heating can be considered as inverse thermoelasticity at the molecular level and is a previously completely overlooked phenomenon that can be used in the future as a tool to change the length and, thus, the function of a system.
Highly Strong and Tough Supramolecular Polymer Networks Enabled by Cryptand‐Based Host‐Guest Recognition
Authors: Liu Yuhang , Wan Junjun , Zhao Xinyang , Zhao Jun , Guo Yuchen , Bai Ruixue , Zhang Zhaoming , Yu Wei , Gibson Harry W. , Yan Xuzhou
Published: March 2023

Supramolecular polymer networks (SPNs) demonstrate great potential in the development of smart materials owing to their attractive dynamic properties. However, as they suffer from the inherent weak bonding of most noncovalent cross‐links, it remains a significant challenge to construct SPNs with outstanding mechanical performance. Herein, we exploit the cryptand/paraquat host‐guest recognition motifs as cross‐links to prepare a class of highly strong and tough SPNs. Unlike those supramolecular cross‐links with relatively weak binding abilities, the cryptand‐based host‐guest interactions have a high association constant and steady complexing structure, which effectively stabilizes the network and resists mechanical deformation under external force. Such favorable structural stability endows our SPNs with greatly enhanced mechanical performance, compared with the control‐1 cross‐linked by the weakly complexed crown ether/secondary ammonium salt motif (tensile strength: 21.1±0.5 vs 2.8±0.1 MPa; Young's modulus: 102.6±4.8 vs 2.1±0.3 MPa; toughness: 90.4±2.0 vs 10.8±0.6 MJ m−3). Moreover, our SPNs also retain abundant dynamic properties including good abilities in energy dissipation, reprocessability, and stimuli‐responsiveness. These findings provide novel insights into the preparation of SPNs with enhanced mechanical properties, and promote the development of high‐performance intelligent supramolecular materials.
Hybrid Aqueous/Non‐aqueous Electrolytes for Lithium‐Ion and Zinc‐Ion Batteries: A Mini‐Review
Authors: Zhang Canfu , Cai Ziyang , Huang Renzhi , Pan Huilin
Published: March 2023

In recent years, the development of aqueous lithium‐ion batteries and aqueous zinc‐ion batteries has received extensive attention thanks to the advantages of high safety, environmental friendliness, and easy assembly conditions. However, aqueous batteries are always restricted in terms of limited cycling stability and low energy density due to their intrinsically narrow electrochemical window, hydrogen evolution, and side reactions. These problems can be remarkably alleviated by hybridizing aqueous/non‐aqueous electrolytes; however, few detailed discussions on relevant strategies have been reported. In this mini‐review, we summarize the latest progress and contributions of various hybrid aqueous/non‐aqueous electrolytes for rechargeable aqueous lithium‐ion batteries and aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. The current challenges and development directions are also discussed for hybrid electrolytes.
Consider FARS’ perspective on new NCAA constitution
Authors: Crawley Jim , Bruzina Pam
Published: March 2023

Faculty have a long history of involvement in intercollegiate athletics. From the inception of organized collegiate sports in the 1850s, faculty have been concerned that academics not be superseded by athletics — that student‐athletes remain students who represent their institution in athletics competitions. Faculty representatives on athletics committees played an important role in the formation of both athletics conferences and the national governing body for collegiate athletics that eventually became the NCAA.
Recent lawsuits underscore importance of keeping accurate CARA records
Authors: O'Brien Timothy
Published: March 2023

The recordkeeping requirements imposed on college athletics departments seem to grow in intensity, range, and duration with each passing year. One of the key requirements in this area involves the seemingly never‐ending preparation and maintenance of countable athletically related activities (also known as “CARA”) reports. These reports track all the specified athletically related activities in which each student‐athlete participates on a weekly basis. They enable the institution to monitor participation levels so that student‐athletes stay within the weekly limit on CARA hours as specified by the NCAA.
Don't wave goodbye to waivers: Review your liability releases
Authors: Barton Andrea M.
Published: March 2023

Releases of liability are a familiar requirement for participation in most recreational and athletics activities on college campuses. As institutions of higher education look for ways to bring in new revenue to offset the financial impact of enrollment declines, they might revisit how they could use their campus to bring in additional income. This may include allowing more outside groups to rent their facilities and other campus spaces for athletics camps or recreational programs. But before they do so, institutions should also revisit and update their waivers and releases.
Exploring thematic influences on theme park visitors' satisfaction: An empirical study on Disneyland China
Authors: Bai Shizhen , He Hao , Han Chunjia , Yang Mu , Yu Dingyao , Bi Xinrui , Gupta Brij B. , Fan Weijia , Panigrahi Prabin Kumar
Published: March 2023

This study aims to explore thematic influences on theme park visitors' satisfaction through user‐generated data. To this end, we first used an unsupervised machine learning method, structural topic modeling, and analyzed 112,000 reviews post by visitors to Shanghai Disney Resort from June 16, 2016 to March 4, 2022. Our findings are of great significance for reflecting consumer behavior through user‐generated data. Specifically, we find that visitors' satisfaction is highly related to service in the theme park and their playing feeling, and early tourists pay more attention to the experience of specific playing items while later tourists focus on the overall playing experience. In addition, an empirical study is conducted by treating the ratings associated with each review as dependent variable and each topic represented by comments as independent variables, which shows that the relationship between the customer reviews and ratings by tourists becomes less pronounced over time. In other words, as time goes, customers review can reflect their subjective feelings or experience, but the rating is not. We discover the “dynamics” of user‐generated data over time and gain a better understanding of the aspects and concerns of visitors' satisfaction over time. The findings of the study contribute to the literature on tourism, service, and consumer behavior while also providing valuable practical implications.
Scientific Fluency as the Greatest Strength of Chemical Biologists
Authors: Prescott Nicholas A. , Huang Hsin‐Che
Published: March 2023

Chemical biology has developed into an influential discipline in biological research, largely thanks to synergistic relationships that have arisen from the inclusion of students from diverse scientific backgrounds. We believe the greatest strengths of our field rely on active communication between fields and the fluency of chemical biologists in traversing them. In this special issue, besides cutting‐edge chemical biology research articles, we will also highlight nonscientific topics about scientific training and mentorship to foster the training of next‐generation chemical biologists.
Splenic infarcts in a lady with systemic lupus erythematosus and negative antiphospholipid antibodies—A rare case report
Authors: Ashour Amr , Faisal Mohanad , Ibrahim Elmunzer , Al‐Madani Mohammed
Published: March 2023

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multisystem autoimmune disease associated with a variety of arterial and venous thrombotic manifestations when combined with antiphospholipid syndrome. We present a case report of a 23‐year‐old female patient with a recent diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus who was admitted for abdominal pain and later diagnosed with splenic infarction via abdominal computed tomography. This was the only hematologic manifestation, with no prior history of thrombotic events or antiphospholipid antibodies.
Kounis syndrome in a patient with multivessel coronary artery disease and DRESS
Authors: La Cognata Olga , Trimarchi Giancarlo , Lo Savio Armando , Virga Vittorio , Andò Giuseppe , de Gregorio Cesare
Published: March 2023

A 68‐year‐old man was admitted with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction and intense rash. He was diagnosed with type 2 Kounis syndrome elicited by drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome and received complete revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention. This case highlights the complex pathophysiology of acute coronary syndrome, and the elusive link between coronary occlusion and ST‐segment deviations at ECG.
Catalytic Hydrotreatment of Algal HTL Bio‐Oil over Phosphide, Nitride, and Sulfide Catalysts
Authors: Magalhães Bruno C. , Checa Ruben , Lorentz Chantal , Prévot Mathieu , Afanasiev Pavel , Laurenti Dorothée , Geantet Christophe
Published: March 2023

Global energy demand and environmental concerns about limiting CO2 emissions have been growing recently. This is why fuel production from renewable resources has become a priority. In this context, microalgae represent an attractive alternative carbon source. In this work, different supported catalysts, including metal phosphide, nitride, and sulfide, were tested for the hydroconversion of bio‐oil issued from the hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae. Supported Ni phosphide catalysts promoted the decarboxylation and decarbonylation route, while NiMo nitride promoted the hydrodeoxygenation pathway. NiW sulfide catalysts were the most performant, producing a hydrotreated oil with the best higher heating value (HHV), lower aromaticity degree, and lower average molar mass. Among sulfide catalysts, NiWS/SiO2−Al2O3 was the least active, probably due to the inhibition of acid sites by the nitrogen compounds. However, NiWS/Al2O3 performed better, showing high hydrogenation performances, which contributed to the conversion of refractory compounds.
Coexistence of Three Different Spin States in a Cyanido‐Bridged Trinuclear Iron(III) Complex with an Unusual FeIII to Ligand Charge Transfer
Authors: He Yong , Huang Ying‐Ying , Zhu Xiao‐Quan , Fu Jin‐Hui , Wu Xin‐Tao , Sheng Tian‐Lu
Published: March 2023

We report a trinuclear iron(III) cyanido‐bridged complex trans‐[CpMe3FeIII(dppe)(CN)]2[FeIII(LN4)][PF6]4 (2[PF6]4) as the oxidation product of binuclear complex [CpMe3(dppe)FeIICN‐FeIII(LN4)][PF6] (1[PF6]) (CpMe3=1, 2, 4‐trimethyl‐1,3‐cyclo‐pentadienyl, dppe=1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, LN4=pentane‐2,4‐dione‐bis(S‐methylisothiosemicarbazonato). Complex 1[PF6] possesses an intermediate‐spin five‐coordinated FeIII (S=3/2) which couples antiferromagnetically to the π‐radical ligand (L⋅N4)2− and shows a LMCT (ligand to metal charge transfer) transition from (L⋅N4)2− to FeIII and the FeII→FeIII MMCT transition. Upon oxidation of 1[PF6], (L⋅N4)2− loses one electron to be the strong electron‐attracting ligand (LOxN4)− and the intermediate‐spin five‐coordinated FeIII (S=3/2) becomes a low‐spin six‐coordinated FeIII (S=1/2) in 2[PF6]4. Also interestingly, 2[PF6]4 presents the coexistence of three different spin states (one S=3/2 and two S=1/2) and an uncommon FeIII→(LOxN4)− MLCT transition, confirmed by the experimental results and supported by the TDDFT calculations.
Unveiling Photodegradation and Photosensitization Mechanisms of Unconjugated Pterins
Authors: Arpa Enrique M. , Corral Inés
Published: March 2023

Unconjugated pterins are ubiquitous molecules that participate in countless enzymatic processes and are potentially involved in the photosensitization of singlet oxygen, amino acids, and nucleotides. Following electronic excitation with UV‐A light, some of these pterins degrade, producing hydrogen peroxide as the main side product. This process, which is known to take place in vivo, contributes to oxidative stress and melanocyte destruction in vitiligo. In this work, we present for the first time mechanistic insight into the formation of transient triplet species that simultaneously trigger Type I and Type II photosensitizing processes and the initiation of degradation processes. Our calculations reveal that photodegradation of 6‐biopterin, which accumulates in the skin of vitiligo patients, leads to 6‐formylpterin through a retro‐aldol reaction, and subsequently to 6‐carboxypterin through a water‐mediated aldehyde oxidation. Additionally, we show that the changes in the photosensitizing potential of these systems with pH come from the modulation of their excited‐state redox potentials.
Acenaphthoimidazolylidene‐Ligated Palladacycle Enabled Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Employing Equimolar Organoboron for Tri‐Ortho‐Substituted Bi(hetero)aryls and Teraryls
Authors: Wang Kun , Yang Hanxiao , Bauer Felix , Breit Bernhard , Fang Weiwei
Published: March 2023

The Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐couplings (SMRs) are utilized as the most practical method to construct C−C bond, especial for biaryls. However, a major disadvantage of current protocols is the requirement of excess organoboron coupling partner (1.5–3.0 equiv.). Herein, a novel palladacyclic 1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)acenaphthoimidazol‐2‐ylidene (AnIPr) precatalyst possessing a chiral oxazoline was designed, which enabled a general protocol towards bulky tri‐ortho‐substituted biaryls, ternaphthalenes and diarylanthracenes via the Pd‐catalyzed SMR employing equimolar organoborons and aryl bromides. A remarkable scope of substrates with various functional groups and heterocycles were well compatible with an adaptability to synthesize useful ligands.
The GameStop short squeeze: Put–call parity and the effect of frictions before, during and after the squeeze
Authors: Hilliard Jimmy E. , Hilliard Jitka
Published: March 2023

The short squeeze in GameStop attracted worldwide attention and resulted in congressional hearings. The increase in GameStop stock from an opening price of $21 on January 26 to an interday high of $483 on January 28 was not the result of obvious fundamental earnings prospects. Buying pressure from investors on a social media site accompanied by short covering, resulted in the stratospheric ascent of stock price. We use put–call parity to investigate the related issue of the no‐arbitrage violations before, during, and after the squeeze. We do not find evidence of abundant free money after accounting for short selling frictions.
Petrography and geochemistry of Late Cretaceous clastic rocks in the northern Songliao Basin, north‐eastern China: Implications for provenance and weathering
Authors: Xu Zenglian , Tang Chao , Chen Lulu , Xiao Peng , Liu Huajian , Zeng Hui , Duan Ming
Published: March 2023

Petrography and geochemical data of the Late Cretaceous clastic rocks in the northern Songliao Basin were used to infer the provenance and chemical weathering history. Petrographic data indicates that the composition of the sandstones is mainly quartz (34.48–50.43%), feldspars (14.16%–24.07%) and lithic fragments (33.91%–45.9%). Similar REE patterns and trace element ratios suggest that both the sandstones (LaCN/YbCN = 12.97; Eu/Eu* = 0.81; Th/Sc = 1.10) and mudstones (LaCN/YbCN = 10.02; Eu/Eu* = 0.71; Th/Sc = 1.10) were derived from a similar source area with felsic volcanic rocks as dominant contributors. The main provenance area is probably the eastern Zhangguangcai Range, the north‐eastern Lesser Xing'an Range and the south‐eastern Songliao Basin. A modelled mixture composed of 65% granodiorite in the Lesser Xing'an Range, 30% granite in Zhangguangcai Range and 5% epidiorite in the south‐eastern Songliao Basin, can be interpreted as the potential source compositions for the clastic sediments. This conclusion is reinforced by the major element of geochemistry composition and sandstone petrography. Relatively low Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) values in mudstones (48.14–69.26) and sandstones (50.78–59.96) indicate mild chemical weathering conditions in the source area. The chemical weathering history suggests that a cold and arid climate prevailed during the Late Cretaceous.
Building community at work: An exploratory study in healthcare system management
Authors: Boyd Neil M. , Larson Sharon
Published: March 2023

Recent scholarship has demonstrated that experiences in the community (i.e., a sense of community [SOC] and a SOC responsibility) can enhance employee psychological and behavioral outcomes. Recent evidence also shows that the experiences of the community are better able to predict employee outcomes compared to long‐regarded management and public management constructs. However, very little empirical evidence exists on antecedent conditions that help build community experiences at work. To evaluate this gap, we conducted interviews with executive leaders, and focus groups with administrative leaders, across four major facilities in a large nonprofit healthcare system that is headquartered in Pennsylvania, United States. The study confirmed the propositions of the Community Experience Model, and explored organizational conditions that appear to build community experiences. The findings help frame factors that scholars can empirically test in future studies, and assist executives, human resource professionals, and managers throughout an organization, in building community at work.
Reconstruction of soft noncontractile tissue in the derived therizinosaur Nothronychus: The interplay of soft tissue and stress on hindlimb ossification and posture
Authors: Smith David K. , Gillette David D.
Published: March 2023

Nothronychus graffami was a large therizinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of North America. Much of the skeleton is well‐preserved and relatively undistorted. The synovial capsule, extracapsular, and intracapsular tendons are reconstructed in N. graffami using existing scars and comparison with the hips of extant theropods and models of extinct theropods. The iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments are all modeled. Soft tissue, especially the ischiofemoral and pubofemoral ligaments reduced possible protraction/retraction of the femur at the hip while stabilizing the joint. Therefore, most hindlimb movements took place at the knee. Weight‐bearing function in Nothronychus was transferred from the supra‐acetabular crest to the pubic peduncle and associated labrum at rest. The femur possessed an intermediately angled neck, convergent with titanosaurs. Therefore, some lateral abduction is proposed, requiring a well‐developed meniscus at the knee. Such a posture would result in considerable mediolateral stress along the femoral shaft, resulting in increased transverse ossification. The femur is considered somewhat abducted from the midline, especially when maximally pronated, as the preacetabular ala is more extensive than the post‐acetabular ala. This trait would probably result in a laterally divergent femur, as in many birds, resulting in a broad‐gauge trackway with wider separation between left and right footprints than observed in many theropod trackways. Limb ratios and ossification patterns suggest a slow, waddling gait. A standard digitiform pose is reconstructed as is common for theropods, but a plantigrade stance cannot be firmly rejected.
Antiviral and anti‐inflammatory activity of natural compounds against Japanese encephalitis virus via inhibition of NS5 protein and regulation of key immune and inflammatory signaling pathways
Authors: Maurya Vimal K. , Kumar Swatantra , Ansari Saniya , Sachan Amod K. , Singh Umashankar , Paweska Janusz T. , Abdel‐Moneim Ahmed S. , Saxena Shailendra K.
Published: March 2023

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the foremost cause of viral encephalitis in Southeast Asia and Australia leading to approximately 68 000 clinical cases and about 13 600−20 400 deaths annually. Vaccination is not completely sure and safe. Despite this, no specific antiviral has been available or approved for JEV infection yet and treatment is generally symptomatic. Therefore, this study aims to examine the antiviral activity of natural compounds against JEV proteins. The antiviral activity of natural compounds was investigated via molecular docking, cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay, western blotting, and indirect immunofluorescence assay. Physiochemical, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity analysis were evaluated for the safety and efficacy of natural compounds. Network pharmacology‐based approaches have been used to study the molecular mechanisms of drug‐target interactions. Molecular docking results suggested that the NS5 protein of JEV is the major target for natural compounds. Network pharmacology‐based analysis revealed that these drugs majorly target IL6, AKT1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and PTGS2 to regulate key immune and inflammatory pathways such as nuclear factor kappa B, PI3K‐Akt, and TNF signaling, during JEV infection. Our in vitro results show that among the natural compounds, curcumin provides the highest protection against JEV infection via reducing the JEV‐induced CPE (IC50 = 5.90 ± 0.44 µM/mL), and reduces the expression of NS5 protein, IL6, AKT1, TNF‐α, and PTGS2. However, other natural compounds also provide protection to some extent but their efficacy is lower compared to curcumin. Therefore, this study shows that natural compounds, mainly curcumin, may offer novel therapeutic avenues for the treatment of JEV via inhibiting key viral proteins and regulating crucial host pathways involved in JEV replication.
Longer intervals between SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and mRNA‐1273 doses improve the neutralization of different variants of concern
Authors: García‐Pérez Javier , Bermejo Mercedes , Ramírez‐García Almudena , De La Torre‐Tarazona Humberto Erick , Cascajero Almudena , Castillo de la Osa María , Jiménez Paloma , Aparicio Gómez Marta , Calonge Esther , Sancho‐López Aránzazu , Payares‐Herrera Concepción , Layunta Acero Rocio , Vicente‐Izquierdo Laura , Avendaño‐Solá Cristina , Alcamí José , Pérez‐Olmeda Mayte , Díez‐Fuertes Francisco
Published: March 2023

The humoral immune response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variants of concern elicited by vaccination was evaluated in COVID‐19 recovered individuals (Rec) separated 1–3 months (Rec2m) or 4–12 months (Rec9m) postinfection and compared to the response in naïve participants. Antibody‐mediated immune responses were assessed in 66 participants by three commercial immunoassays and a SARS‐CoV‐2 lentiviral‐based pseudovirus neutralization assay. Immunoglobulin (Ig) levels against SARS‐CoV‐2 spike were lower in naïve participants after two doses than in Rec after a single dose (p < 0.05). After two doses in Rec, levels of total Ig to receptor‐binding domain were significantly increased in Rec9m compared to Rec2m (p < 0.001). The neutralizing potency observed in Rec9m was consistently higher than in Rec2m against variants of concern (VOCs) Alpha, Beta, Delta, and BA.1 sublineage of Omicron with 2.2–2.8‐fold increases. Increasing the interval between SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and the vaccination with messenger RNA‐based vaccines to more than 3 months generates a more efficient heterologous humoral immune response against VOCs by allowing enough time to mount a strong recall memory B cell response.
SARS‐CoV‐2 NSP8 suppresses type I and III IFN responses by modulating the RIG‐I/MDA5, TRIF, and STING signaling pathways
Authors: Deng Jian , Zheng Sheng‐Nan , Xiao Yang , Nan Mei‐Ling , Zhang Jing , Han Lulu , Zheng Yi , Yu Yanying , Ding Qiang , Gao Chengjiang , Wang Pei‐Hui
Published: March 2023

SARS‐CoV‐2 has developed a variety of approaches to counteract host innate antiviral immunity to facilitate its infection, replication and pathogenesis, but the molecular mechanisms that it employs are still not been fully understood. Here, we found that SARS‐CoV‐2 NSP8 inhibited the production of type I and III interferons (IFNs) by acting on RIG‐I/MDA5 and the signaling molecules TRIF and STING. Overexpression of NSP8 downregulated the expression of type I and III IFNs stimulated by poly (I:C) transfection and infection with SeV and SARS‐CoV‐2. In addition, NSP8 impaired IFN expression triggered by overexpression of the signaling molecules RIG‐I, MDA5, and MAVS, instead of TBK1 and IRF3‐5D, an active form of IRF3. From a mechanistic view, NSP8 interacts with RIG‐I and MDA5, and thereby prevents the assembly of the RIG‐I/MDA5‐MAVS signalosome, resulting in the impaired phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of IRF3. NSP8 also suppressed the TRIF‐ and STING‐ induced IFN expression by directly interacting with them. Moreover, ectopic expression of NSP8 promoted virus replications. Taken together, SARS‐CoV‐2 NSP8 suppresses type I and III IFN responses by disturbing the RIG‐I/MDA5−MAVS complex formation and targeting TRIF and STING signaling transduction. These results provide new insights into the pathogenesis of COVID‐19.
Late Pleistocene and Holocene transgression inferred from the sediments of the Gulf of San Jorge, central Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Desiage Pierre‐Arnaud , St‐Onge Guillaume , Duchesne Mathieu J. , Montero‐Serrano Jean‐Carlos , Haller Miguel J.
Published: March 2023

This study presents the first detailed description of the upper sedimentary succession of the late Pleistocene and Holocene deposits in the Gulf of San Jorge (Patagonia) based on several hundred kilometers of high‐resolution seismic (sparker) profiles and numerous sediment cores. High‐resolution seismic stratigraphy confirms the existence of a paleo‐fluvial network formed during sea‐level lowstands and buried by central basin estuarine deposits during the last marine transgression. Analyses of lithostratigraphy and radiocarbon ages indicate the onset of subtidal sedimentation at ~14 cal ka bp. Before the onset of subtidal conditions, the first steps of marine incursion seem to have led to the development of lagoonal/wind–tidal flat environments, advocating for a sea‐level stillstand. An abrupt increase in the log(Ti/Ca) ratio in a distinct multi‐centimeter‐thick layer and the identification of a wave‐ravinement surface suggest rapid sea‐level rise in the gulf prior to ~14 cal ka bp, consistent with Meltwater Pulse 1A. Overall, this study highlights the significant impact of sea‐level rise on sedimentation in the gulf from the onset of marine incursions to the mid‐Holocene, as well as the reduced contribution, as currently observed, of riverine inputs due to the progressive diminution and withdrawal of glacial drainage starting before the Holocene.