bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dyadic effects of distress on sleep duration in advanced cancer patients and spouse caregivers
Authors: Otto Amy K. , Gonzalez Brian D. , Heyman Richard E. , Vadaparampil Susan T. , Ellington Lee , Reblin Maija
Published: September 2019

Objective

Short sleep duration is a common problem for both advanced cancer patients and their spouse caregivers. Sleep and distress have been shown to be interdependent in patient‐caregiver and spouse dyads, yet virtually, no work has explored the dyadic effects of psychological distress on sleep in advanced cancer patients and spouse caregivers. The goal of the present study was to examine the dyadic impact of anxiety and depression on sleep duration in a sample of advanced cancer patients and their spouse caregivers. It was hypothesized that, for both patients and caregivers, anxiety and depression in individuals would be associated with sleep duration in both themselves (actor effects) and in their spouses (partner effects).

Method

Advanced cancer patients and their spouse caregivers (N = 87 dyads) completed cross‐sectional questionnaires assessing demographic variables, subjective health, subjective sleep duration, and anxiety and depression symptoms.

Results

Controlling for sex, age, and subjective health, individuals' anxiety was negatively associated with their own and their partner's sleep duration. No significant actor or partner effects were found for depression.

Conclusions

Results provided partial support for hypotheses. Although past work has demonstrated links between subjective sleep disturbance and anxiety/psychological distress, this is one of the first studies to examine partner effects of distress on sleep disturbance in advanced cancer patients and spouse caregivers.
A simple protocol to characterize bacterial cell‐envelope lipoproteins in a native‐like environment
Authors: Giannini Estefanía , González Lisandro J. , Vila Alejandro J.
Published: September 2019

Physiological conditions in living cells are strictly regulated to allow, optimize, and coordinate biological processes. The bacterial cell envelope is the compartment where the communication with the external environment takes place. This involves membrane proteins, key players in many biological processes that ensure bacterial survival. The biochemical characterization of membrane proteins, either integral, lipidated or peripheral is challenging due to their mixed protein‐lipid nature, making it difficult to purify and obtain considerable amounts of samples. In contrast to integral membrane proteins, lipidated proteins are usually purified as truncated soluble versions, neglecting the impact of the membrane environment. Here we report a simple and robust protocol to characterize bacterial lipidated proteins in spheroplasts from Escherichia coli using a β‐lactamase as a model. The Metallo‐β‐lactamase NDM‐1 is an enzyme anchored to the inner leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram‐negative bacteria. Kinetic parameters and stability of the lipidated NDM‐1 and the soluble unbound version (NDM‐1 C26A) were measured in spheroplasts and periplasm, respectively. These studies revealed that membrane anchoring increases the KM of the enzyme, consequently decreasing the catalytic efficiency, while not affecting its kinetic stability. This approach can be used to characterize lipidated proteins avoiding the purification step while mimicking its native environment. This approach also helps in filling the gap between in vitro and in vivo studies.
Altering of host larval (Spodoptera exigua) calcineurin activity in response to ascovirus infection
Authors: Yu Huan , He Lei , Li Zi‐Qi , Li Ni , Ou‐Yang Yi‐Yi , Huang Guo‐Hua
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Calcineurin (CaN) is involved in numerous cellular processes and Ca2+‐dependent signal transduction pathways. According to our previous transcriptome studies, thousands of host larval (Spodoptera exigua) transcripts were downregulated after the infection of Heliothis virescent ascovirus 3h (HvAV‐3h), while the Spodoptera exigua calcineurin genes (SeCaNs) were significantly upregulated. To understand the regulation of SeCaNs in S. exigua larvae during the infection of HvAV‐3h, the functions of CaN subunit A (SeCaN‐SubA) and CaN binding protein (SeCaN‐BP) were analysed.

RESULTS

The in vitro assays indicated that the bacterial expressed SeCaN‐SubA is an acid phosphatase, but no phosphatase activity was detected with the purified SeCaN‐BP. The transcription level of SeCaN‐SubA was upregulated after HvAV‐3h infection and the CaN activity was significantly increased after HvAV‐3h infection in S. exigua larvae. Interestingly, the SeCaN‐BP transcripts were only detectable in the HvAV‐3h infected larvae. Further immunoblotting results consistently agree with those obtained by qPCR, indicating that the infection of HvAV‐3h causes the upregulated expression of SeCaN‐SubA and the appearance of SeCaN‐BP. An interaction between the cleaved SeCaN‐SubA and SeCaN‐BP was detected by co‐immunoprecipitation assays, and the expression of SeCaN‐BP in Spodoptera frugiperda‐9 (Sf9) cells can help to increase the CaN activity of SeCaN‐SubA. Further investigations with CaN inhibitors suggested that HvAV‐3h. Further investigations with CaN inhibitors suggested that the inhibition on host larval CaN activity can also inhibit the viral replication of HvAV‐3h.

CONCLUSION

The increase in CaN activity caused by HvAV‐3h infection might be due to the upregulation of SeCaN‐SubA and the induced expression of SeCaN‐BP, and increased CaN activity is essential for ascoviral replication. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Herbal compounds for rheumatoid arthritis: Literatures review and cheminformatics prediction
Authors: Li Xu‐zhao , Zhang Shuai‐nan
Published: September 2019

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease characterized by autoimmunity, joint inflammation, and cartilage destruction, which affects 0.5–1% of the population. Many compounds from herbal medicines show the potentials to treat RA. On this basis, the compounds with good pharmacokinetic behaviors and drug‐likeness properties will be further studied and developed. Therefore, the herbal compounds with anti‐RA activities were reviewed in this paper, and the cheminformatics tools were used to predict their drug‐likeness properties and pharmacokinetic parameters. A total of 90 herbal compounds were analyzed, which were reported to be effective on RA models through anti‐inflammation, chondroprotection, immunoregulation, antiangiogenesis, and antioxidation. Most of the herbal compounds have good drug‐likeness properties. Most of the compounds can be an alternative and valuable source for anti‐RA drug discovery.
Identification of problems arising during manual handling of food packaging by older consumers in Poland
Authors: Świda Jarosław , Halagarda Michał , Prusak Anna , Popek Stanisław
Published: September 2019

The ageing population all over the world requires much greater attention than it receives from many businesses, including packaging industry. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the specific needs, requirements, and expectations of older consumers, particularly those related to the labelling and ergonomics, so as to shape the food packaging characteristics. In this way, consumers' satisfaction and hence the brand loyalty can be built. The aim of the study was to analyse the needs of older consumers related to food packaging handling and other corresponding issues, as well as to develop guidelines for food producers. The research consisted of two stages: a survey that covered a group of 600 consumers aged 60 and older in southern Poland and individual in‐depth interviews (IDIs) carried out among 60 people over the age of 60 in southern Poland. The outcomes of this consumer research indicated the need for changes in food packaging designed for older consumers, especially in consideration of the physical limitations for its handling before and after the product purchase. Food producers should also pay particular attention to the problems connected with packaging as a source of information. Moreover, they should make modifications in packaging ergonomics, especially in terms of size, shape, and opening and closing features. According to respondents, packaging material should be safe for health but not necessarily environmentally friendly.
First‐Principles Prediction of a New Family of Layered Topological Insulators
Authors: Li Ping , Yu Jiangying , Xu Jinrong , Zhang Li , Huang Kai
Published: September 2019

Dozens of layered V2IV2VI6 (V=P, As, Sb, Bi; IV=Si, Ge, Sn, Pb; VI=S, Se, Te) materials are investigated, several of which have been successfully synthesized in experiment. Among them, nine strong topological insulators (TIs), two strong Z2 topological metals (TMs), and nearly twenty trivial insulators are predicted at their equilibrium structures. The TIs are in the (1;111) topological class, with energy gaps ranging from 0.04 to 0.2 eV. The strong Z2 TMs and the trivial insulators belong to the (1;111) and (0;000) topological classes, respectively. Small compressive strains easily turn some of the trivial insulators into strong TIs. This study enriches not only the family of topological materials but also the family of van der Waals layered materials, providing promising candidates for the future spintronic devices.
Cesium‐Vapor‐Based Delay of Single Photons Emitted by Deterministically Fabricated Quantum Dot Microlenses
Authors: Bremer Lucas , Fischbach Sarah , Park Suk‐In , Rodt Sven , Song Jin‐Dong , Heindel Tobias , Reitzenstein Stephan
Published: September 2019

Quantum light sources are key building blocks of photonic quantum technologies. For many applications, it is of interest to control the arrival time of single photons emitted by such quantum devices, or even to store single photons in quantum memories. In situ electron beam lithography is applied to realize InGaAs quantum dot (QD)‐based single‐photon sources, which are interfaced with cesium (Cs) vapor to control the time delay of emitted photons. Via numerical simulations of the light–matter interaction in realistic QD‐Cs‐vapor configurations, the influence of the vapor temperature and spectral QD‐atom detuning is explored to maximize the achievable delay in experimental studies. As a result, this hybrid quantum system allows to trigger the emission of single photons with a linewidth as low as 1.54 GHz even under non‐resonant optical excitation and to delay the emission pulses by up to (15.71 ± 0.01) ns for an effective cell length of 150 mm. This work can pave the way for scalable quantum systems relying on a well‐controlled delay of single photons on a time scale of up to a few tens of nanoseconds.
Is age‐related increase of chromosome segregation errors in mammalian oocytes caused by cohesin deterioration?
Authors: Lee Jibak
Published: September 2019

Background

Mammalian oocytes initiate meiosis in fetal ovary and are arrested at dictyate stage in prophase I for a long period. It is known that incidence of chromosome segregation errors in oocytes increases with advancing age, but the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon has not been clarified.

Methods

Cohesin, a multi‐subunit protein complex, mediates sister chromatid cohesion in both mitosis and meiosis. In this review, molecular basis of meiotic chromosome cohesion and segregation is summarized. Further, the relationship between chromosome segregation errors and cohesin deterioration in aged oocytes is discussed.

Results

Recent studies show that chromosome‐associated cohesin decreases in an age‐dependent manner in mouse oocytes. Furthermore, conditional knockout or activation of cohesin in oocytes indicates that only the cohesin expressed before premeiotic S phase can establish and maintain sister chromatic cohesion and that cohesin does not turnover during the dictyate arrest.

Conclusion

In mice, the accumulating evidence suggests that deterioration of cohesin due to the lack of turnover during dictyate arrest is one of the major causes of chromosome segregation errors in aged oocytes. However, whether the same is true in human remains elusive since even the deterioration of cohesin during dictyate arrest has not been demonstrated in human oocytes.
One‐Pot Exfoliation of Graphitic C3N4 Quantum Dots for Blue QLEDs by Methylamine Intercalation
Authors: He Xingchen , Liu Yanliang , Butch Christopher J. , Lee Bo Ram , Guo Feng , Wu Jiangxiao , Wang Ziyang , Lu Qian , Jeong Jung Hyun , Wang Yiqing , Park Sung Heum
Published: September 2019

Here, a simplified synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (g‐C3N4‐QDs) with improved solution and electroluminescent properties using a one‐pot methylamine intercalation–stripping method (OMIM) to hydrothermally exfoliate QDs from bulk graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) is presented. The quantum dots synthesized by this method retain the blue photoluminescence with extremely high fluorescent quantum yield (47.0%). As compared to previously reported quantum dots, the g‐C3N4‐QDs synthesized herein have lower polydispersity and improved solution stability due to high absolute zeta‐potential (−41.23 mV), which combine to create a much more tractable material for solution processed thin film fabrication. Spin coating of these QDs yields uniform films with full coverage and low surface roughness ideal for quantum dot light‐emitting diode (QLED) fabrication. When incorporated into a functional QLED with OMIM g‐C3N4‐QDs as the emitting layer, the LED demonstrates ≈60× higher luminance (605 vs 11 Cd m−2) at lower operating voltage (9 vs 21 V), as compared to the previously reported first generation g‐C3N4 QLEDs, though further work is needed to improve device stability.
Multidimensional Integrated Chalcogenides Nanoarchitecture Achieves Highly Stable and Ultrafast Potassium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Yang Chao , Feng Jianrui , Zhang Yelong , Yang Qifeng , Li Peihao , Arlt Tobias , Lai Feili , Wang Junjie , Yin Chaochuang , Wang Wei , Qian Guoyu , Cui Lifeng , Yang Wenjuan , Chen Yanan , Manke Ingo
Published: September 2019

Potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) have come into the spotlight in large‐scale energy storage systems because of cost‐effective and abundant potassium resources. However, the poor rate performance and problematic cycle life of existing electrode materials are the main bottlenecks to future potential applications. Here, the first example of preparing 3D hierarchical nanoboxes multidimensionally assembled from interlayer‐expanded nano‐2D MoS2@dot‐like Co9S8 embedded into a nitrogen and sulfur codoped porous carbon matrix (Co9S8/NSC@MoS2@NSC) for greatly boosting the electrochemical properties of KIBs in terms of reversible capacity, rate capability, and cycling lifespan, is reported. Benefiting from the synergistic effects, Co9S8/NSC@MoS2@NSC manifest a very high reversible capacity of 403 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 after 100 cycles, an unprecedented rate capability of 141 mAh g−1 at 3000 mA g−1 over 800 cycles, and a negligible capacity decay of 0.02% cycle−1, boosting promising applications in high‐performance KIBs. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that Co9S8/NSC@MoS2@NSC nanoboxes have large adsorption energy and low diffusion barriers during K‐ion storage reactions, implying fast K‐ion diffusion capability. This work may enlighten the design and construction of advanced electrode materials combined with strong chemical bonding and integrated functional advantages for future large‐scale stationary energy storage.
Designing a “software quality model” based on RCCA of defects and validating based on “quality algorithm”
Authors: Anurag Abhishek , Iyer Kamatchi
Published: September 2019

Software systems are very complex, and its complexity has grown exponentially as users' requirements and their usage have grown significantly. Users' requirements and the environment in which they use the software system keep changing, so maintaining its quality is very challenging. If the requirements of users are not met as per their expectations, they encounter defects that cause degradation of the quality of the software system. Such defects are analyzed to understand their impact, and they are fixed to help improve quality. In this research, a defect analysis technique called root cause and corrective actions (RCCA) is followed to analyzes different defect attributes, their interdependencies, and how they help in improving software system quality. The methodologies followed here are defining a hypothesis, finding a causal relationship between quality attributes, and testing the hypothesis. This research is based on quantitative or experimental research to understand the impact of theindependent variables on the dependent variable, which is software quality. This research identifies the “legacy quality score”, designs a new software system quality model, and quality algorithm to calculate the “new quality score”. The results indicate that the newly designed quality model helps improve the quality of the software system.
System dynamics approaches to public–private partnerships: A literature review
Authors: Pagoni Eirini Grammatiki , Georgiadis Patroklos
Published: September 2019

Increased complexity has been recognized as a dominant characteristic of public–private partnerships (PPPs). In this article, we review system dynamics (SD) approaches to the PPP field because SD modelling can support the policymaking process in systems with increased structural and functional complexity. Although papers published in journals and conferences have documented SD approaches to PPP problems, there appears to be a lack of systematically reviewing what they have already provided. The objectives are to compare the findings of the studies to provide insights for directing further PPP research with the use of SD. To achieve the review objectives, we categorize the papers by the problem topic raised and provide a summary of particular insights. Problem topics include construction risk assessment, risk allocation, project financing, performance of infrastructure, demand forecast, procurement strategies, and strategic policy at national levels. The paper concludes with recommendations for future SD applications.
Systemic virtues as a foundation for a general theory of design elegance
Authors: Rousseau David , Billingham Julie , Calvo‐Amodio Javier
Published: September 2019

Recent discussion and research in systems engineering have highlighted the need for a principled approach to attaining elegance in engineered systems, in order to enhance product value and reduce life cycle risks. In this paper, we analyse the “elegance factors” pertaining to designed systems from the perspective of the philosophy of value (axiology) and characterize the elegance factors as “systemic virtues,” analogous to philosophical models of the factors pertaining to the “goodness” of persons and scientific theories. We defend the possibility of the existence and discovery of general systems laws that could ground a general theory of design elegance, and report on our strategy and progress in developing methods for discovering such laws and for developing such a theory.
Eisen und Stahl – Baumaterial der Moderne
Authors: Zimmermann Gerd , Werner Frank
Published: September 2019

Eisen und Stahl avancierten im Zuge der industriellen Revolution zum dominanten Baumaterial. Zugleich wurde klar, dass die Architektur, welche lange das historische Formenvokabular einübte und repetierte, sich nun des neuen Materials als Ausdrucksträger der Moderne bemächtigte, zu sehen in besonderer Weise am Werk von Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Mit Konrad Wachsmann, Richard Buckminster Fuller und anderen werden weitere Dimensionen modernen Bauens erschlossen. Zum einen sind es die Konditionen des industriellen Bauens, in denen Wachsmann den „Wendepunkt des Bauens” erkennt. Jetzt geht es um Vorfertigung, Standardisierung, Rationalisierung und Systembau. Und hier spielt natürlich die möglichst universelle Verbindung der Elemente, z. B. der „Knoten”, eine besondere Rolle. Sind also die Faktoren der Industrialisierung die eine große Herausforderung, so ist es andererseits die Bewältigung der großen Dimension für modernste Infrastrukturen – Flughäfen, Stadien, Hallen.

Wesentliches Ziel ist es, mit dem geringsten Aufwand an Material die größte Spannweite, die relativ leichteste Konstruktion, den größten Raum zu erreichen – Fullers Grundsatz „More with Less”, der natürlich eine Spiegelung ist von Mies van der Rohes Devise „Less is More”. Fullers geodätische Kuppeln sind ebenso die triumphalen Zeichen des Leichtbaus für gigantische Räume wie Wachsmanns Flugzeughangar oder Tensegrity‐Brücken, dies noch gesteigert in den großen Spannweiten und der empfundenen Schwerelosigkeit der Seilnetz‐ und Zeltkonstruktionen. Die Revue der enormen Karriere des Stahlbaus im 20. Jh. ist geeignet, gewisse Klischees zu beseitigen, z. B. manche Vormeinungen über die Figur des Architekten und des Ingenieurs. Zur Zusammenarbeit beider Fachdisziplinen gehört eine Art techno‐ästhetische Empathie, die Fähigkeit des Architekten, die Konstruktionen und das Material zu denken, sowie die Fähigkeit des Ingenieurs, in das Milieu der Architektur, ja auch der Kunst einzutauchen. Leute wie Fuller etwa können uns zeigen, wie fundamental es ist, über die Grenzen der Disziplinen hinaus immer erneut auf das Ganze hin zu denken.
Distributed treatment systems
Authors: Sheehan Nathaniel P. , Plante Luke , Murray Kyle , Bier Peter , Martinez Erick , Ouellette Charles , Quell Kimberly
Published: September 2019

This section presents a review of the scientific literature published in 2018 on topics relating to distributed treatment systems. This review is divided into the following sections: constituent removal, treatment technologies, planning and treatment management, and other topics.
Bangers and cash: Baiting efficiency in a heterogeneous population
Authors: Indigo Naomi , Smith James , Webb Jonathan K. , Phillips Ben L.
Published: September 2019

Uptake of baits is a key variable in management actions aimed at the vaccination, training, or control of many vertebrate species. Increasingly, however, it is apparent that individuals of the target species vary in their likelihood of taking baits. To optimize a baiting program, knowledge on the rate of bait uptake, how this rate changes with bait availability, and the proportion of the target population that will take a bait is required. The invasive cane toad (Rhinella marina) in Australia is a major threat to northern quolls (Dasyurus hallucatus), which are poisoned when they attack this novel toxic prey item. Conditioned‐taste‐aversion baits (cane toad sausages) can be delivered in the field to train northern quolls to avoid toads. We conducted a large‐scale field trial among 11 sites across one large property in Western Australia from 19–26 July 2017. We used camera traps and statistical modelling to estimate the proportion of baitable animals in the population, their encounter rate with baits, and survival rate of baits in the environment. Population estimates varied at each site from 2.5 to 16.8 quolls per site, resulting in a range among sites of 0.7–4.6 baits available/individual. Approximately 64% of individual quolls were bait‐susceptible. Both encounter rate and bait survival were low, resulting in our baiting regime treating <30% of the bait‐susceptible population. Using our model parameters, we estimate that we would need to increase our bait density 6‐fold to treat all bait‐susceptible individuals in the population. Without accounting for heterogeneity in bait‐susceptibility, our model would suggest we would need a 10‐fold increase in bait density. Thus, accounting for heterogeneity provides a more efficient baiting design. Data and models such as ours provide wildlife managers with information critical to informed decision‐making and are fundamental to estimate the cost‐efficiency of any baiting campaign. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Thermal Properties of Na5[SnS4]Cl·13H2O
Authors: Lühmann Henning , Näther Christian , Jess Inke , Bensch Wolfgang
Published: September 2019

Reaction of Na2S with SnCl4·5H2O in aqueous alkaline sodium hydroxide solution leads to the formation of Na5[SnS4]Cl·13H2O (1). The compound crystallizes monoclinic in space group P21/m with two formula units in the unit cell. In the crystal structure the Na+ cations are octahedrally coordinated and are linked into layers by bridging water molecules, μ3 bridging Cl– anions and μ1,1 bridging S atoms of [SnS4]4– anions. Extended hydrogen bonding interactions generate a three‐dimensional network. Investigations using differential thermoanalysis, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry shows that upon heating in open crucibles the water can be removed leading to the formation of the anhydrate that is stable at room temperature and does not transform back into compound 1. Storage of the anhydrate in a desiccator over a water atmosphere leads first to formation of Na4SnS4·14H2O followed by crystallization of the title compound. After longer storage times NaCl appears as a second crystalline phase. If the thermal measurements are performed in a self‐produced atmosphere, compound 1 transforms partly into Na4SnS4·14H2O with an increasing amount of this phase with increasing temperature. Synthetic investigations reveal that crystallization of compound 1 sensitively depends on the water content of acetone, which is used for precipitation of 1. Reacting Na4SnS4·14H2O directly with NaCl afforded formation of complex mixtures.
National Novel and New Architecture
Authors: Billiani Francesca , Pennacchietti Laura
Published: September 2019

This book traces the relationship between the novel and architecture in Italy during the Fascist regime (1922–1943). Our analysis reveals how common aesthetic principles underpinned the development of these superficially very different artistic forms. Through this approach, we consider how these shared principles functioned as cardinal points within the overall structure of the system of the arts articulated under and by the regime. This chapter discusses the relevant critical literature on the topic and situates the analysis against current scholarly debates.
Constructing the Novel
Authors: Billiani Francesca , Pennacchietti Laura
Published: September 2019

In this chapter, we map out the development of the novel under the Fascist regime. We outline the process of structuring the national novel under a dictatorship from a theoretical standpoint. Firstly, we discuss how and why the novel in general—as a form rooted in construction—and the new realist one in particular, assumed a privileged position within the Italian literary field of the 1920s and 1930s. In doing so, we also show how it contributed to the construction of the idea of State art, in both aesthetic and economic terms. Secondly, we examine the tensions between the creation of Italian novels and the publication of translations. Our conclusion is that the project of constructing a new Italian novel form in the context of State art was often eclipsed in popularity by foreign production.
900 and Quadrante: Theorizing an Interdisciplinary Aesthetic Model
Authors: Billiani Francesca , Pennacchietti Laura
Published: September 2019

This chapter looks at the journals 900 and Quadrante, arguing that they were two crucial platforms for the establishment of architecture and the novel as two intersecting modernizing projects grounded in the principles of rationalization, construction, the moral function of art, and an engagement with the real, and both committed to the construction of a modern Fascist culture. In his writings in 900, Bontempelli theorized and advocated an anti-rhetorical, anti-subjective and anti-decadent literature, which should aim to ‘build’ objects and create the new myths of modernity, taking architecture as a conceptual model. Quadrante followed in 900’ footsteps with its objective of forming a ‘united aesthetic front’, and establish rationalized, functional and realist forms of art as the Fascist ‘arte di stato”. While its main focus was architecture, interdisciplinary crossings were a central goal of the journal.
Conclusion
Authors: Billiani Francesca , Pennacchietti Laura
Published: September 2019

This chapter brings together all the argumentative treads developed in this book. By doing so, it maps key theoretical issues discussed in the individual chapters and shows how the arts contributed to the totalitarian project in general and to its anthropological revolution in particular. Finally, it argues for the importance of looking at the artistic and the political projects of the Ventennio as intertwined and mutually dependent.
Ẑ invariants at rational τ
Authors: Kucharski Piotr
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Ẑ invariants of 3-manifolds were introduced as series in q = e
2πiτ
in order to categorify Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants corresponding to τ = 1/k. However modularity properties suggest that all roots of unity are on the same footing. The main result of this paper is the expression connecting Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants with Ẑ invariants for τ ∈ ℚ. We present the reasoning leading to this conjecture and test it on various 3-manifolds.
Weak separation, positivity and extremal Yangian invariants
Authors: Lippstreu Luke , Mago Jorge , Spradlin Marcus , Volovich Anastasia
Published: September 2019

Abstract

We classify all positive n-particle NkMHV Yangian invariants in

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 4 YangMills theory with n = 5k, which we call extremal because none exist for n > 5k. We show that this problem is equivalent to that of enumerating plane cactus graphs with k pentagons. We use the known solution of that problem to provide an exact expression for the number of cyclic classes of such invariants for any k, and a simple rule for writing them down explicitly. We provide an alternative (but equivalent) classification by showing that a product of k five-brackets with disjoint sets of indices is a positive Yangian invariant if and only if the sets are all weakly separated.
Violation of the Kluberg-Stern-Zuber theorem in SCET
Authors: Beneke Martin , Garny Mathias , Szafron Robert , Wang Jian
Published: September 2019

Abstract

A classic result, originally due to Kluberg-Stern and Zuber, states that operators that vanish by the classical equation of motion (eom) do not mix into “physical” operators. Here we show that and explain why this result does not hold in soft-collinear effective theory (SCET) for the renormalization of power-suppressed operators. We calculate the non-vanishing mixing of eom operators for the simplest case of N -jet operators with a single collinear field in every direction. The result implies that — for the computation of the anomalous dimension but not for on-shell matrix elements — there exists a preferred set of fields that must be used to reproduce the infrared singularities of QCD scattering amplitudes. We identify these fields and explain their relation to the gauge-invariant SCET Lagrangian. Further checks reveal another generic property of SCET beyond leading power, which will be relevant to resummation at the next-to-leading logarithmic level, the divergence of convolution integrals with the hard matching coefficients. We propose an operator solution that allows to consistently renormalize such divergences.
The Hessian in Spin Foam Models
Authors: Kamiński Wojciech , Sahlmann Hanno
Published: September 2019

We fill one of the remaining gaps in the asymptotic analysis of the vertex amplitudes of the Engle–Pereira–Rovelli–Livine (EPRL) spin foam models: We show that the Hessian is nondegenerate for the stationary points that corresponds to geometric nondegenerate 4 simplices. Our analysis covers the case when all faces are spacelike.
Progression of Aortic Regurgitation After Subarterial Ventricular Septal Defect Repair: Optimal Timing of the Operation
Authors: Jung Hanna , Cho Joon Yong , Lee Youngok
Published: September 2019

In patients with subarterial ventricular septal defect (VSD), the progression of aortic regurgitation (AR) still remains unclear. This review is to identify the incidence of AR progression after VSD repair and to determine the optimal operation timing for subarterial VSD repair with or without aortic valve prolapse or AR. From January 2002 to December 2015, 103 patients who underwent subarterial VSD repair alone at our hospital were reviewed. All patients routinely underwent echocardiography (echo) performed by our pediatric cardiologists. The operative approach was through the pulmonary artery in all patients. The median age of patients at operation was 10 months (range 3 to 16.5 months). Eighty-nine patients (86.4%) underwent subarterial VSD closure before the age of 4 years. In the preoperative evaluation, 27.2% (28 patients) of the patients showed more than faint degree AR. The mean follow-up duration after VSD repair was 6.6 ± 4.0 years. In the latest follow-up echo after VSD repair, four patients had more than mild degree AR owing to aortic valve abnormalities or delayed operation period. Among them, AR progression occurred in only one patient (0.98%). Early and accurate assessment of the anatomical morphology of the aortic valve and optimal operation timing may be important to achieve better outcomes after repair and to prevent the development of aortic valve complications.
Ligandomes obtained from different HLA-class II-molecules are homologous for N- and C-terminal residues outside the peptide-binding cleft
Authors: Kampstra Arieke S.B. , van Heemst Jurgen , Janssen George M. , de Ru Arnoud H. , van Lummel Menno , van Veelen Peter A. , Toes René E.M.
Published: September 2019

Human CD4+ T lymphocytes play an important role in inducing potent immune responses. T cells are activated and stimulated by peptides presented in human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-class II molecules. These HLA-class II molecules typically present peptides of between 12 and 20 amino acids in length. The region that interacts with the HLA molecule, designated as the peptide-binding core, is highly conserved in the residues which anchor the peptide to the molecule. In addition, as these peptides are the product of proteolytic cleavages, certain conserved residues may be expected at the N- and C-termini outside the binding core. To study whether similar conserved residues are present in different cell types, potentially harbouring different proteolytic enzymes, the ligandomes of HLA-DRB1*03:01/HLA-DRB > 1 derived from two different cell types (dendritic cells and EBV-transformed B cells) were identified with mass spectrometry and the binding core and N- and C-terminal residues of a total of 16,568 peptides were analysed using the frequencies of the amino acids in the human proteome. Similar binding motifs were found as well as comparable conservations in the N- and C-terminal residues. Furthermore, the terminal conservations of these ligandomes were compared to the N- and C-terminal conservations of the ligandome acquired from dendritic cells homozygous for HLA-DRB1*04:01. Again, comparable conservations were evident with only minor differences. Taken together, these data show that there are conservations in the terminal residues of peptides, presumably the result of the activity of proteases involved in antigen processing.
Omnipresence of inflammasome activities in inflammatory bone diseases
Authors: Alippe Yael , Mbalaviele Gabriel
Published: September 2019

The inflammasomes are intracellular protein complexes that are assembled in response to a variety of perturbations including infections and injuries. Failure of the inflammasomes to rapidly clear the insults or restore tissue homeostasis can result in chronic inflammation. Recurring inflammation is also provoked by mutations that cause the constitutive assembly of the components of these protein platforms. Evidence suggests that chronic inflammation is a shared mechanism in bone loss associated with aging, dysregulated metabolism, autoinflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. Mechanistically, inflammatory mediators promote bone resorption while suppressing bone formation, an imbalance which over time leads to bone loss and increased fracture risk. Thus, while acute inflammation is important for the maintenance of bone integrity, its chronic state damages this tissue. In this review, we discuss the role of the inflammasomes in inflammation-induced osteolysis.
Powerfully nilpotent groups of maximal powerful class
Authors: Traustason G. , Williams J.
Published: September 2019

In this paper we continue the study of powerfully nilpotent groups started in Traustason and Williams (J Algebra 522:80–100, 2019). These are powerfulp-groups possessing a central series of a special kind. To each such group one can attach a powerful class that leads naturally to the notion of a powerful coclass and classification in terms of an ancestry tree. The focus here is on powerfully nilpotent groups of maximal powerful class but these can be seen as the analogs of groups of maximal class in the class of all finitep-groups. We show that for any given positive integerrand prime$$p>r$$p>r, there exists a powerfully nilpotent group of maximal powerful class and we analyse the structure of these groups. The construction uses the Lazard correspondence and thus we construct first a powerfully nilpotent Lie ring of maximal powerful class and then lift this to a corresponding group of maximal powerful class. We also develop the theory of powerfully nilpotent Lie rings that is analogous to the theory of powerfully nilpotent groups.
IonMonger: a free and fast planar perovskite solar cell simulator with coupled ion vacancy and charge carrier dynamics
Authors: Courtier N. E. , Cave J. M. , Walker A. B. , Richardson G. , Foster J. M.
Published: September 2019

Details of an open-source planar perovskite solar cell simulator, which includes ion vacancy migration within the perovskite layer coupled to charge carrier transport throughout the perovskite and adjoining transport layers in one dimension, are presented. The model equations are discretised in space using a finite element scheme, and temporal integration of the resulting system of differential algebraic equations is carried out in MATLAB. The user is free to modify device parameters, as well as the incident illumination and applied voltage. Time-varying voltage and/or illumination protocols can be specified, e.g. to simulate current–voltage sweeps, or to track the open-circuit conditions as the illumination is varied. Typical simulations, e.g. current–voltage sweeps, only require computation times of seconds to minutes on a modern personal computer. An example set of hysteretic current–voltage curves is presented.
Challenges and ways forward in pesticide emission and toxicity characterization modeling for tropical conditions
Authors: Gentil Céline , Fantke Peter , Mottes Charles , Basset-Mens Claudine
Published: September 2019

Purpose

In tropical cropping systems, pesticides are extensively used to fight pests and ensure high crop yields. However, pesticide use also leads to environmental and health impacts. While pesticide emissions and impacts are influenced by farm management practices and environmental conditions, available Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) emission models and Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) toxicity characterization models are generally designed based on temperate conditions. There is, hence, a need for adapting LCI and LCIA models for evaluating pesticides under tropical conditions. To address this need, we aim to identify the characteristics that determine pesticide emissions and related impacts under tropical conditions, and to assess to what extent LCI and LCIA models need to be adapted to better account for these conditions.

Methods

We investigated the state-of-knowledge with respect to characteristics that drive pesticide emission patterns, environmental fate, human and ecological exposures, and toxicological effects under tropical conditions. We then discuss the applicability of existing LCI and LCIA models to tropical regions as input for deriving specific recommendations for future modeling refinements.

Results and discussion

Our results indicate that many pesticide-related environmental processes, such as degradation and volatilization, show higher kinetic rates under tropical conditions mainly due to higher temperatures, sunlight radiation, and microbial activity. Heavy and frequent rainfalls enhance leaching and runoff. Specific soil characteristics (e.g., low pH), crops, and cropping systems (e.g., mulching) are important drivers of distinct pesticide emission patterns under tropical conditions. Adapting LCI models to tropical conditions implies incorporating specific features of tropical cropping systems (e.g., intercropping, ground cover management), specific drift curves for tropical pesticide application techniques, and better addressing leaching processes. The validity domain of the discussed LCI and LCIA models could be systematically extended to tropical regions by considering tropical soil types, climate conditions, and crops, and adding active substances applied specifically under tropical conditions, including the consideration of late applications of pesticides before harvest and their effect on crop residues and subsequent human intake.

Conclusions

Current LCI and LCIA models are not fully suitable for evaluating pesticide emissions and impacts for crops cultivated in tropical regions. Models should be adapted and parameterized to better account for various characteristics influencing emission and impact patterns under tropical conditions using best available data and knowledge. Further research is urgently required to improve our knowledge and data with respect to understanding and evaluating pesticide emission and impact processes under tropical conditions.
The Inhibition of CD39 and CD73 Cell Surface Ectonucleotidases by Small Molecular Inhibitors Enhances the Mobilization of Bone Marrow Residing Stem Cells by Decreasing the Extracellular Level of Adenosine
Authors: Adamiak Mateusz , Bujko Kamila , Brzezniakiewicz-Janus Katarzyna , Kucia Magda , Ratajczak Janina , Ratajczak Mariusz Z.
Published: September 2019

We have recently demonstrated that purinergic signaling in bone marrow (BM) microenvironment regulates mobilization of hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs), mesenchymal stroma cells (MSCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and very small embryonic like stem cells (VSELs) into the peripheral blood (PB). While extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) promotes mobilization, its metabolite extracellular adenosine has an opposite effect. Since ATP is processed in extracellular space to adenosine by ectonucleotidases including cell surface expressed CD39 and CD73, we asked if inhibition of these enzymes by employing in vivo small molecular inhibitors ARL67156 and AMPCP of CD39 and CD73 respectively, alone or combined could enhance granulocyte stimulating factor (G-CSF)- and AMD3100-induced pharmacological mobilization of stem cells. Herein we report that pre-treatment of donor mice with CD39 and CD73 inhibitors facilitates the mobilization of HSPCs as well as other types of BM-residing stem cells. This data on one hand supports the role of purinergic signaling in stem cell trafficking, and on the other since both compounds are not toxic against human cells, they could be potentially employed in the clinic to enhance the mobilization of BM residing stem cells for clinical purposes.
Correction to: Open Science and the Science-Society Relationship
Authors: Lakomý Martin , Hlavová Renata , Machackova Hana
Published: September 2019

The article [Title], written by [AuthorNames], was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on September 3, 2019 without open access.
Human-Like Guide Robot that Proactively Explains Exhibits
Authors: Iio Takamasa , Satake Satoru , Kanda Takayuki , Hayashi Kotaro , Ferreri Florent , Hagita Norihiro
Published: September 2019

We developed an autonomous human-like guide robot for a science museum. Its identifies individuals, estimates the exhibits at which visitors are looking, and proactively approaches them to provide explanations with gaze autonomously, using our new approach called speak-and-retreat interaction. The robot also performs such relation-building behaviors as greeting visitors by their names and expressing a friendlier attitude to repeat visitors. We conducted a field study in a science museum at which our system basically operated autonomously and the visitors responded quite positively. First-time visitors on average interacted with the robot for about 9 min, and 94.74% expressed a desire to interact with it again in the future. Repeat visitors noticed its relation-building capability and perceived a closer relationship with it.
Networked Enforcement in the Common Fisheries Policy through Data Sharing: Is There Room Left for Traditional Accountability Paradigms?
Authors: CACCIATORE Federica , ELIANTONIO Mariolina
Published: September 2019

The Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) is one of the ever-increasing policy areas that have witnessed the creation of forms of “networked enforcement”, meaning enforcement structures in which several national and EU authorities cooperate. Amongst those are a number of legal requirements and applications for sharing data on fisheries between national and European competent authorities. This form of networked enforcement casts some questions as regards the existence of corresponding accountability mechanisms, which serve to legitimate the enforcement activities in the CFP. The aim of this paper is to examine the networked enforcement mechanisms arising from the CFP, with a special focus on the data-sharing activities and the role of European Fisheries Control Agency as pivotal to the cooperation between national authorities, with a view to assessing the gaps of accountability arising from them, and analysing the possible alternative ways to provide the enforcement phase with legitimacy.
Opening the ‘Black Box’ of asylum governance: decision-making and the politics of asylum policy-making
Authors: Pettrachin Andrea
Published: September 2019

Complementing and challenging the existing literature on the Italian asylum crisis, this article develops an actor-centred approach to open the ‘black box’ of asylum governance, showing the constitutive effects of governance on the asylum issue. It then applies this approach to the case of the Veneto region in Italy during the recent ‘refugee crisis’. By doing so, the article, first, investigates the cognitive mechanisms that shape key actors’ asylum policy decisions. Drawing concepts and ideas from framing and sensemaking theories, it shows that, while there is certainly a strategic element that shapes actors' policy preferences, there is also a meaningful cognitive component in asylum governance. Indeed, it argues that actors' strategies are shaped, more than by anti-immigration public attitudes per se (as often assumed), by how political actors make sense of these attitudes. The article then applies SNA to examine how actors' understandings are located within and depend upon network relations and investigate actors' agency, power and interactions. It ultimately shows that local asylum policy outcomes are deeply influenced by the ‘politics of policy-making’, that is by power dynamics and how powerful actors position themselves, behave and mobilize their understandings. Finally, by examining the impact of policy outputs on cognitive micro-level mechanisms, the article sheds light on the interplay between the ‘regulatory’ and the ‘public reaction’ dimensions of the Italian asylum crisis, illustrating the relationship between public attitudes on migration, frame emergence, asylum policy-making, politics and public mobilizations in the active constitution of the Italian asylum crisis.