bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GREP reanalysis captures the evolution of the Arctic Marginal Ice Zone across timescales
Authors: Cocetta Francesco , Zampieri Lorenzo , Selivanova Julia , Iovino Doroteaciro
Published: February 2024

Abstract. The recent development of data-assimilative reanalyses of the global ocean and sea ice enables a better understanding of the polar region dynamics and provides gridded descriptions of sea ice variables without temporal and spatial gaps. Here, we study the spatiotemporal variability of the Arctic sea ice area and thickness using the Global ocean Reanalysis Ensemble Product (GREP) produced and disseminated by the Copernicus Marine Service (CMS). GREP is compared and validated against the state-of-the-art regional reanalyses PIOMAS and TOPAZ, and observational datasets of sea ice concentration and thickness for the period 1993–2020. Our analysis presents pan-Arctic metrics but also emphasizes the different responses of ice classes, marginal ice zone (MIZ) and pack ice, to climate changes. This aspect is of primary importance since the MIZ has been widening and making up an increasing percentage of the summer sea ice as a consequence of the Arctic warming and sea ice extent retreat. Our results show that the GREP ensemble provides reliable estimates of present-day and recent past Arctic sea ice states and that the seasonal to interannual variability and linear trends in the MIZ area are properly reproduced, with ensemble spread often being as broad as the uncertainty of the observational dataset. The analysis is complemented by an assessment of the average MIZ latitude and its northward migration in recent years, a further indicator of the Arctic sea ice decline. There is substantial agreement between GREP and reference datasets in the summer. Overall, the GREP ensemble mean is an adequate tool for gaining an improved understanding of the Arctic sea ice, also in light of the expected warming and the Arctic transitions to ice-free summers.
Effects of vertical grid spacing on the climate simulated in the ICON-Sapphire global storm-resolving model
Authors: Schmidt Hauke , Rast Sebastian , Bao Jiawei , Cassim Amrit , Fang Shih-Wei , Jimenez-de la Cuesta Diego , Keil Paul , Kluft Lukas , Kroll Clarissa , Lang Theresa , Niemeier Ulrike , Schneidereit Andrea , Williams Andrew I. L. , Stevens Bjorn
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Global storm-resolving models (GSRMs) use strongly refined horizontal grids compared with the climate models typically used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) but employ comparable vertical grid spacings. Here, we study how changes in the vertical grid spacing and adjustments to the integration time step affect the basic climate quantities simulated by the ICON-Sapphire atmospheric GSRM. Simulations are performed over a 45 d period for five different vertical grids with between 55 and 540 vertical layers and maximum tropospheric vertical grid spacings of between 800 and 50 m, respectively. The effects of changes in the vertical grid spacing are compared with the effects of reducing the horizontal grid spacing from 5 to 2.5 km. For most of the quantities considered, halving the vertical grid spacing has a smaller effect than halving the horizontal grid spacing, but it is not negligible. Each halving of the vertical grid spacing, along with the necessary reductions in time step length, increases cloud liquid water by about 7 %, compared with an approximate 16 % decrease for halving the horizontal grid spacing. The effect is due to both the vertical grid refinement and the time step reduction. There is no tendency toward convergence in the range of grid spacings tested here. The cloud ice amount also increases with a refinement in the vertical grid, but it is hardly affected by the time step length and does show a tendency to converge. While the effect on shortwave radiation is globally dominated by the altered reflection due to the change in the cloud liquid water content, the effect on longwave radiation is more difficult to interpret because changes in the cloud ice concentration and cloud fraction are anticorrelated in some regions. The simulations show that using a maximum tropospheric vertical grid spacing larger than 400 m would increase the truncation error strongly. Computing time investments in a further vertical grid refinement can affect the truncation errors of GSRMs similarly to comparable investments in horizontal refinement, because halving the vertical grid spacing is generally cheaper than halving the horizontal grid spacing. However, convergence of boundary layer cloud properties cannot be expected, even for the smallest maximum tropospheric grid spacing of 50 m used in this study.
Generalized drought index: A novel multi-scale daily approach for drought assessment
Authors: Careto João , Cardoso Rita , Russo Ana , Lima Daniela , Soares Pedro
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Drought is a complex climatic phenomenon characterized by water scarcity recognized as the most widespread and insidious natural hazard, posing significant challenges to ecosystems and human society. In this study, we propose a new daily based index for characterizing droughts, which involves standardizing precipitation and/or precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration data. The performance of this new index is assessed with data from the evaluation runs of the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment for the European domain and the observational data from the Iberian Gridded Dataset, covering the period from 1989 to 2009. Comparative assessments are conducted against the daily Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), and a simple Z-Score standardization of climatic variables. Seven different accumulation periods are considered (7, 15, 30, 90, 180, 360, and 720 days) with three drought levels: moderate, severe, and extreme. The evaluation focuses mainly on the direct comparison amongst indices, added value assessment using the Distribution Added Value and a simple bias difference for drought characteristics. Results reveal that not only does the new index allow the characterization of flash droughts, but also demonstrates added value when compared to SPI and SPEI, especially for longer accumulation periods. In comparison to the Z-Score, the new index shows slightly greater gains, particularly for extreme drought events at lower accumulation periods. Furthermore, an assessment of the spatial extent of drought for the 2004–2005 event is performed using the observational dataset. All three indices generally provide similar representations, except for the Z-Score, which exhibits limitations in capturing extreme drought events at lower accumulation periods. Overall, the findings suggest that the new index offers improved performance and adds value comparatively to similar indices with a daily time step.
Influences of lidar scanning parameters on wind turbine wake retrievals in complex terrain
Authors: Robey Rachel , Lundquist Julie K.
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Scanning lidars enable the collection of spatially resolved measurements of turbine wakes and the estimation of wake properties such as magnitude, extent, and trajectory. Lidar-based characterizations, however, may be subject to distortions due to the observational system. Distortions can arise from the resolution of the measurement points across the wake, the projection of the winds onto the beam, averaging along the beam probe volume, and intervening evolution of the flow over the scan duration. Using a large-eddy simulation and simulated measurements with a virtual lidar model, we assess how scanning lidar systems may influence the properties of the retrieved wake using a case study from the Perdigão campaign. We consider three lidars performing range-height indicator sweeps in complex terrain, based on the deployments of lidars from the Danish Technical University (DTU) and German Aerospace Center (DLR) at the Perdigão site. The unwaked flow, measured by the DTU lidar, is well-captured by the lidar, even without combining data into a multi-lidar retrieval. The two DLR lidars measure a waked transect from different downwind vantage points. In the region of the wake, the observation system interacts with the smaller spatial and temporal variations of the winds, allowing more significant observation distortions to arise. While the measurements largely capture the wake structure and trajectory over its 4–5 D extent, limited spatial resolution of measurement points and volume averaging lead to a quicker loss of the two-lobes in the near wake, smearing of the vertical bounds of the wake (<30 m), wake center displacements up to 10 m, and dampening of the maximum velocity deficit by up to a third. The virtual lidar tool, coupled with simulations, provides a means for assessing measurements capabilities in advance of measurement campaigns.
Aerodynamic characterisation of a thrust-scaled IEA 15 MW wind turbine model: Experimental insights using PIV data
Authors: Fritz Erik , Ribeiro André , Boorsma Koen , Ferreira Carlos
Published: February 2024

Abstract. This study presents results from a wind tunnel experiment on a three-bladed horizontal axis wind turbine. The model turbine is a scaled-down version of the IEA 15 MW reference wind turbine, preserving the non-dimensional thrust distribution along the blade. Flow fields were captured around the blade at multiple radial locations using Particle Image Velocimetry. Next to these flow fields, this comprehensive dataset contains spanwise distributions of bound circulation, inflow conditions and blade forces derived from the velocity field. As such, the three blades' aerodynamics are fully characterised. It is demonstrated that the lift coefficient measured along the span agrees well with the lift polar of the airfoil used in the blade design, thereby validating the experimental approach. This research provides a valuable public experimental dataset for validating low to high-fidelity numerical models simulating state-of-the-art wind turbines. Furthermore, this article establishes the aerodynamic properties of the newly developed model wind turbine, creating a baseline for future wind tunnel experiments using this model.
Violeta Parra y Matilde Casazola: muchedumbre, bastardismo y viaje a la semilla
Authors: Baudoin Magela
Published: February 2024

Hay escrituras que son muchedumbres, como las de Violeta Parra (Chile, 1917-1967) y Matilde Casazola (Bolivia, 1943). Es decir, que unifican en sus textos autobiográficos una multitud de voces y saberes precedentes. Parte de su enorme trascendencia y singularidad está dada precisamente por la exhibición de esas creaciones o criaturas “habitadas”. Artistas ex-céntricas ambas, se mueven entre el lirismo y la música popular, la periferia y el cosmopolitismo, entre el museo y la “peña”, entre distintos géneros y en las zonas fronterizas que caracterizan el “bastardismo” (María Galindo). En este trabajo mostraré cómo, al habitar la bastardía, estas escrituras en muchedumbre proponen una nueva forma estética, anticanónica, que nace para ser compartida, plagiada, multiplicada, reelaborada.
Pengembangan Skema (Alternatif) Perancangan Promosi Bagi Desain Komunikasi Visual
Authors: M Ficky aulia M Ficky aulia , Agus darmawan Agus darmawan
Published: February 2024

Seperti yang kita tahu bahwa program studi DKV terus bermunculan di banyak institusi pendidikan di Indonesia. Di mana peran para peserta didik diharap mampu untuk melakoni suatu persaingan yang nyata dalam dunia industri dan masyarakat. Persaingan semacam ini sering kita temui pada dunia kerja, di mana persaingan bukan hanya terjadi antara sarjana DKV saja, melainkan para praktisi dari luar keilmuan pun memeroleh status yang sama sebagai ‘desainer’. Setidaknya ini bisa menjadi otokritik bagi keilmuan DKV untuk mencari sebuah posisi dalam proses penanganan proyeksi, di mana dasar-dasar solusi yang terurai menjadi pondasi dalam strategi pembentukan media.‘Probem Solver’ tampaknya menjadi istilah yang dituntut untuk menata sebuah kerangka berpikir melalui serangkaian materi secara metodologis. Seperti pada kasus periklanan di mana wacana ini terlayang pada salah satu studi pokok dalam Desain Komunikasi Visual, yang membutuhkan tinjauan secara kompleks terkait keprodukan/jasa. Ini dimaksud agar bagaimana citra yang terbangun dapat mengena pada konteks kebutuhan. Untuk itu, skema perancangan ini merupakan sebuah alternatif dari apa yang bisa dijadikan panduan untuk proses perancangan dalam berbagai skala. Menjadi alternatif, berarti pilihan lain yang ideal terletak pada bagaimana metode itu berjalan dalam area tertentu – seperti industri. Yang mana menjadi pembeda adalah ketika desainer diposisikan sebagai penerjemah hasil proses briefing dari keinginan perusahaan (klien). Maka, cara pembacaan dalam skema yang ditawarkan ini merupakan tahapan awal dari itu semua, sebagai bentuk latihan dan sebagai pemandu para peserta didik dalam mengkaji sebuah permasalahan produk yang dipilih.
O EFEITO SANATÓRIO DA REPERCUSSÃO GERAL DA QUESTÃO CONSTITUCIONAL
Authors: P. A. F. Avezum Luís Renato
Published: February 2024

O CPC/2015 introduziu a obrigatoriedade à observância dos precedentes judiciais, privilegiando a segurança, a previsibilidade e isonomia das decisões judiciais. Diante desses princípios norteadores do processo civil brasileiro, o presente estudo inicia analisando a efetividade do processo sob a ótica da teoria neoprocessualista, passando-se, em seguida, à análise do Recurso Extraordinário e da Repercussão Geral. Analisa-se, também, o juízo de admissibilidade recursal, adentrando-se, posteriormente, no tema central do estudo: efeito sanatório da repercussão geral da questão constitucional.
UM EXERCÍCIO SOBRE RATIO DECIDENDI: DIREITO E MORAL EM GOODRIDGE v. DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH (440 Mass. 309)
Authors: Fontes Faria e Silva Claudio
Published: February 2024

As conexões entre Direito e Moral foram duramente combatidas pelo positivismo jurídico. A tese da dupla natureza do Direito, entretanto, predomina nos dias atuais. A par dessa orientação, percebe-se no Brasil firme movimento rumo à tradição anglo-saxônica dos precedentes, realidade que não vem sem problemas, pois a tradição romano-germânica não desenvolveu os conceitos de ratio decidendi e obiter dictum e, desse modo, não há nem teoria nem prática suficientes acerca deles no processo civil brasileiro. Para além do universo estritamente jurídico, em uma visão contextualizadora, há que considerar o impacto da tecnologia sobre consensos e verdades aplicáveis a fatos. No exame do precedente, conclui-se que a mais relevante parte das razões de Goodridge localiza-se na reconstrução ou reinterpretação da finalidade do casamento. O instituto abandona a sua lógica naturalista de união de homem e mulher para a procriação da espécie humana e passa a ser juridicamente compreendido como a união de duas pessoas para a exclusiva e permanente dedicação entre elas. A enunciação da ratio decidendi deve obrigatoriamente incorporar esse elemento finalístico do casamento, pois é ele que, superando o standard moral implícito na finalidade reprodutiva, permite a conclusão de que as uniões homoafetivas são tão dignas do reconhecimento da sociedade e do Estado quanto as heteroafetivas.
O uso da Análise Econômica do Direito nos processos do Sistema Correcional do Poder Executivo Federal
Authors: Rosa Vicente Luciano , Lúcio Dezan Sandro
Published: February 2024

este artigo trata do uso da Análise Econômica do Direito (AED) nos processos do Sistema Correcional do Poder Executivo Federal (SisCor). A pergunta que se pretendeu responder foi em que medida o SisCor vem utilizando a AED, como faz o Judiciário, objetivando esclarecer o quanto valoriza essa área do conhecimento para a sua eficiência processual e quais instrumentos adotou nesse sentido. O estudo justificou-se pela importância de um sistema correcional eficiente, com tramitação processual célere e capaz de manter o serviço público em arejada atmosfera de probidade e produtividade. Concluiu-se que o SisCor vem utilizando as ferramentas de AED em larga escala na sua processualística, o que vem em benefício do Sistema e, por extensão, do serviço público e da sociedade brasileira.
METHODOLOGY FOR FORMING RESEARCH COMPETENCE THROUGH LABORATORY PRACTICES
Authors:   HerzenUniversity, St.Petersburg city, Russia, Andreeva N.D. , Ungarbaeva G.R. ,   HerzenUniversity, St.Petersburg city, Russia
Published: February 2024

В настоящее время ориентация системы образования на компетентностный подход как на основного критерия подготовки выпускника высшей школы позволила определить ее основное направление. Для реализации компетентностного подхода необходимо развить у обучающихся готовности и способности самостоятельно искать необходимую информацию, овладевать фундаментальными знаниями, составляющими теоретическую основу профессиональной деятельности, а также создавать и реализовывать новую стратегию поведения и деятельности. Исследовательская компетентность определяется как ключевая компетенция и является основным компонентом подготовки будущих педагогов в целом и будущего учителя биологии в частности. Статья посвящена проблеме разработки методики формирования исследовательской компетентности в биологическом образовании. В статье на основе анализа литературы расскрывается суть понятия «исследовательская компетентность будущих учителей биологии» и предлагается проект по организации учебного процесса по лабораторным практикумам для формирования исследовательской компетентности у будущих учителей биологии. На основе предложенного проекта описываются этапы организации учебной деятельности обучающихся на лабораторных практикумах по биологии и представляется содержание методики формирования исследовательской компетенции у обучающихся. Содержание предлагаемой методики включает в себя 4 компонента методов и технологии обучения, организацию учебной деятельности на лабораторном практикуме, учебно-методического инструментария и контрольно-оценочного компонента. В статье расскрывается вышеперечисленные компоненты и приведена пример занятия по лабораторному практикуму на тему «Органеллы клетки: Аппарат Гольджи. Вакуоль». Кроме того, для проверки эффективности предлагаемой методики формирования исследовательской компетентности представлены данные литературы и сделаны соответствующие выводы.
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT ON MOLECULAR BIOLOGY FOR MULTILINGUAL SECONDARY SCHOOL CLASSES
Authors:   Pavlodar Pedagogical University, Pavlodar city, Kazakhstan, Gapu M.M. , Tulindinova G.K. ,   Pavlodar Pedagogical University, Pavlodar city, Kazakhstan, Korogod N.P. ,   Pavlodar Pedagogical University, Pavlodar city, Kazakhstan
Published: February 2024

The aim of the work is to develop a multilingual teaching and learning aid on molecular biology for schools and universities. The algorithm of creating tasks on molecular biology was used, including determining the type or structure of the problem, corresponding to the life situation, formulation of the circumstance and problem question. Approbation work was carried out in school-gymnasium No. 2 named after Gafu Kayyrbekov. in Astana. On the basis of the ascertaining experiment, 60% of children or 40 students are defined as having a low level of performance in the fulfillment of tasks in molecular biology. About 25% of all respondents were able to solve tasks correctly. Only 10 people or 15% of respondents coped with the tasks at a high level. In the course of the experiment we used the tasks on molecular biology developed by the authors, divided into four main modules, each subtopic of the module contains learning objectives, content, animation and tasks. After the work done, the share of students who showed a low level of fulfillment up to 20% . The average level of fulfillment of tasks in molecular biology during the observation period was recorded in 32 students (50%). And the indicators at the high level increased 2 times and amounted to 30%.
Military AI, sacred violence, and war in the Middle East
Authors: Gray Chris H.
Published: February 2024

Israel’s commitment to a policy of collective punishment, disproportionate response, outright assassination and ethnic cleansing are the culmination of a long process. It has its origins in the expropriations organized by colonial powers, as does the state of Israel itself, but the proximate causes are the recent turn in politics to Biblical Jewish fundamentalism and an irrational enthusiasm for new military technologies, especially AI. These have led to important changes in official Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) policies, including a fundamental degradation of their ethical code.
Eğitim Yönetiminde Program Geliştirme Süreçleri ile İlgili Alanyazında Yapılan Araştırma Makalelerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Polat Yılmaz
Published: February 2024

As stated under the Tenth Development Plan, basic and professional skills development program, Dec. 2014-2018, published in line with the goals of 2023 in our country, critical thinking is among the basic skills that individuals should have in terms of ensuring rapid adaptation of individuals to work and living conditions and developing human resources. the teacher strategy document, which draws the roadmap for teacher training, development and employment periods in our country between 2017-2023, lists raising free individuals with program development skills among the final goals of education. Dec.Dec. However, when Deciphering the framework reports defining the human qualities of the twenty-first century that guide the national education policies of countries, program development is emphasized among the important and priority skills. 21, which is recognized worldwide for its work on twenty-first century skills. 21, prepared by the century skills partnership. cooperation framework for century skills and 21. the project on the evaluation and teaching of Decennial skills highlights program development among the twenty-first century competencies. In addition to its role in the changing educational world, program development also has an important role in shaping individuals and societies. Nowadays, the ability to develop a program to find the most accurate and reliable one that will work for you from the increasing amount of data in each profession field is the most important personality trait that can be relied on by acting as a mental filter. An individual armed with educational processes does not accept information in a stationary way and questions the reliability of the information he encounters by applying his own reasoning methods. He may convert the information he questions when necessary, or he may not accept it. From the point of view of individuation, the ability to develop a program is important for a person to be independent and original-minded individuals, to create the right solutions for his life and to make the right decisions. Key Words: Educational Management, Program Development, Research and Review Articles
Eğitim Yönetiminin Epistemolojik Temelleri Bağlamında Bilgi Sorunsalı
Authors: Akdoğan Nurşen
Published: February 2024

Definitions related to Educational Knowledge are made through its elements. There are three elements of knowledge: the knowing mind as the knowing subject, the thing that is the subject or object of knowledge, and the product event thing that arises from the relationship between the knowing mind and the thing that is the subject. Dec. Therefore, information can be defined in three different ways. The first Decription is made through the product/thing arising from the relationship between the one who knows the information and the known thing. This type of identification can be called a three-element or conditional understanding of information. The second type of identification deals with information through the knowing state of mind. This definition can be called the understanding of knowledge as a process of intellectual development. The third type of definitions examines information through what is its subject. This definition of knowledge can also be called the understanding of knowledge, which defines knowledge with its object (Cevizci, 2015). The definition of knowledge adopted by the researcher actually reflects how he treats information and how he makes sense of reality. For this reason, it is necessary to study the approaches related to information definitions in detail. It would be appropriate to express the definitions for information more clearly with examples. According to the understanding of knowledge as the process of intellectual development, knowledge is the process of development of consciousness and the study of this process. In this aspect, it is subject to some classifications. Accordingly, the knowledge at the lowest level is called prediction (eikasia), and the one at the highest level is called true, eternal-eternal knowledge (episteme). The subject of epistemology is the study of the transition of consciousness from one state to a higher state. His understanding of knowledge is based on the historical development of knowledge. Based on this, it is possible to state that knowledge does not actually have a stationary structure, but rather has a developmental feature. Therefore, it may be more useful for researchers and practitioners to know which class is included in the knowledge acquired and produced in educational management research. The Problem of Knowledge in the Context of its epistemological foundations. Key Words: Educational Management, Knowledge, Epistemology, Epistemological Foundations
Eğitim Yönetiminde Program Geliştirme Süreçleri ile İlgili Alanyazında Yapılan Lisansüstü Bilimsel Çalışmaların İncelenmesi
Authors: Polat Yılmaz
Published: February 2024

What is necessary to gain success in education and business life 21. when the sources belonging to institutions, organizations and initiatives, especially educational institutions, that define the skills of the century are examined, it is seen that one of the most frequently recurring skills is the ability to develop programs. Within the framework of the program development process, our life, the quality of what we produce or build depends exactly on the quality of our thinking. Acting randomly, thinking and acting are expensive both financially and in terms of our quality of life. At the current point in today's world, the importance of mastering program development skills is increasing every day. Within the framework of a qualified educational approach, acquiring the ability to develop a program is seen as a more important issue today than ever. John Dewey (1993) pointed out that skill development and learning are the most basic goals of education. Michael Scriven (2010) considers program development education as the most primary educational task. Cevizci (2010) considers program development at the very beginning of the goals that education is trying to achieve. He stated that the purpose of education will be achieved if people with program development skills are trained through education from a social or individual point of view. Warren (2006) stated that program development is a twenty-first century skill that all university graduates need. In order for individuals to be trained to master the ability to develop programs and to better understand their educational importance, it is necessary to explain in detail the importance of program development skills and their role in human life. Key Words: Educational Management, Program Development Postgraduate Scientific Studies
Examining the Relationship of Renewable Energy Use, Urbanization, and Industrialization in Shaping Carbon Emissions in South Asia
Authors: Abbas Samar , Kousar Rehana , Sharyar Muhammad , Akhtar Rana Sharjeel
Published: February 2024

This research investigates the dynamic impact of various factors including economic growth, the expansion of renewable energy sources, urbanization, industrialization, tourism, agriculture, and forestry on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh from 1980-2022. The research centers on the three most populous nations of the three countries. To quantify the correlation between emissions and the myriad of distinct categories of drivers, national time series data annually are utilized. To ascertain the immediate and enduring consequences of emissions fluctuations, DOLS methods are used for data analysis. The results indicate that increasing levels of energy consumption, GDP per capita, tourism arrivals, agricultural activities, and industrialization are all significant long-term contributors to rising CO2 emissions in each of the three countries. However, there is some evidence that implementing sustainable agricultural practices, expanding forest cover, and increasing the output of renewable energy sources could potentially serve as mitigating factors. Based on the study's results, to reconcile the pursuit of development objectives with emission reduction, it is recommended that economic growth strategies prioritize low-carbon sectors, accelerate the adoption of renewable energy sources, promote sustainable agricultural and tourism practices, and foster regional collaboration. Integrated planning for inclusive, environmentally friendly, and sustainable growth trajectories can be enhanced by incorporating comprehensive understandings of the interplay among interconnected factors that impact emission patterns. Customized development trajectories ought to be established for Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh.
Examining the Influence of Direct and Indirect Taxation on Economic Growth: A Case Study of Pakistan
Authors: Munir Nasir , Ali Malik Saqib , Nasir Azra
Published: February 2024

Taxation and expenditure administration represents a significant concern for governments at all levels. Taxation plays a crucial role in the funding and formulation of economic policies. This study undertakes a comparative analysis of Pakistan's direct and indirect taxation systems, their impact on economic progress, and their relationship with inflation. The available data indicate that the impact of indirect taxes on economic growth is more significant compared to that of direct taxes. More precisely, a rise of one percent in indirect taxation results in a corresponding increase of 0.49% in GDP, while direct taxation leads to a GDP increase of 0.22%. Indirect taxes have a greater impact on inflation compared to direct taxes. It is recommended to consider long-term planning, expanding the tax base, reducing tax evasion, and enhancing the efficiency of the tax mix strategy. Indirect taxation has the potential to mitigate wealth inequality and foster economic growth. Tax and monetary policy have the potential to reduce inflation levels.
Predicting Stock Market Trends Based on Macroeconomic Indicators through Machine Learning Approach: A Case Study of KSE 100 INDEX
Authors: Bukhari Kinza , Jadoon Atif Khan , Iqbal Munawar , Arshad Ayesha
Published: February 2024

The purpose of our research is to model the monthly price of the KSE 100 index based on Pakistan's macroeconomic indicators using a Machine Learning (ML) approach. The novelty of the study is forecasting the future value of the stock market using ML. Monthly data was collected for the period from Feb 2004 to Dec 2020. The output layer of our study is the closing price of the KSE 100 index, and the input layer consists of 16 macroeconomic variables of the Pakistan economy, which are the industrial production index (IPI), the exchange rate (EX-RATE), money supply (M2), consumer price index (CPI), foreign direct investment (FDI), Treasury bill on 3-months treasury, interest rate as KIBOR – Month Average (1 Month), Foreign Exchange reserves (FXR), Consumer Financing for house building (house financing), Balance of Trade (BOT), crude oil, Gold, Labor force participation rate, GDP growth (annual %), Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (household consumption) (current US$), and Domestic savings. The prediction uses the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Backpropagation algorithm. The model developed in this research achieved 99% accuracy using macroeconomic indicators. The accuracy level indicates that the model of the KSE 100 index can predict future trends. This study also forecasts the future monthly values of the KSE 100 index from Jan 21 to Jun 23 and daily future values from Oct 1, 2022, to Dec 31, 2020.
METHODS OF PLANNING THE TRAJECTORY OF A MOBILE ROBOT IN CONDITIONS OF UNCERTAINTY
Authors: Bizhanova Olga , Salykova Olga , Moldamurat Huralay , Ivanova Irina
Published: February 2024

This article discusses methods of planning and controlling the movement of a mobile robot in an uncertain environment with fixed and moving obstacles, including those with random changes in the velocity vectors of moving obstacles. The purpose of the article is to analyze the available methods in the field of problem solving for planning the movement of a mobile robot in conditions of uncertainty. The authors have proposed a solution in which the operation of a mobile robot using simulation modeling in conditions of uncertainty will be successful.
AI-powered Recruitment and Employee Selection: Evaluating Bias and Fairness in Hiring Practices
Authors: Ms Jebakerupa Roslin A Dr. H S. Abzal Basha, Mrs. N. Rajitha, , Dr. Biswo Ranjan Mishra Dr Kiran Kumar Thoti, Mohammed Khalid R P,
Published: February 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly impacted various business sectors, including recruitment and selection practices. Associations risk losing their strategic advantage as they battle to find and recruit qualified ability. Employing faculty goes to man-made consciousness (artificial intelligence) devices to assist with procuring ability, increment effectiveness, and lessen costs. However, despite the best efforts to integrate equitable and evidence-based systems, using these tools may exacerbate bias. We methodicallly survey the writing on the ethicality of man-made intelligence empowered enrolling and determination rehearses in four phases: First, we classify the identified literature based on assumed perspectives to demonstrate how existing research evaluates the ethicality of AI recruiting.  I make sense of how man-made intelligence based employing choices in associations are setting ward and mix the capacities of algorithmic powered apparatuses with decisions and decisions made by process specialists. I finish up by offering hypothetical and functional contemplations for ability, recruiting, and the mix of calculations at work. The implementation of AI-based processes in the recruiting sector has resulted in increased efficiency and qualitative benefits for both employers and potential employees.
Solid Waste Management for Environmental Sustainability and Human Health
Authors: Dr. Sophia Ansari Dr. Tarun Madan Kanade, Dr. Jonathan Joseph, , Dr. Tushar Savale Mrs. Ashima Manoj Varghese,
Published: February 2024

The paper titled "Solid Waste Management for Environmental Sustainability and Human Health" provides a comprehensive exploration of strategies for the industry to embrace environmentally sustainable practices while safeguarding human health. The foundation is laid through a meticulous assessment of the industry's waste landscape, followed by the establishment of principles grounded in the 3R approach, circular economy integration, and life cycle thinking. The model emphasizes the adoption of advanced technologies, such as efficient recycling and innovative waste-to-energy solutions, along with compliance with stringent policies and regulations. Recognizing the pivotal role of community engagement, the model encourages industry collaboration with local communities, proactive education initiatives, and transparent reporting. Monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, including key performance indicators and regular audits, ensure the effectiveness of waste management initiatives.

Moreover, the model underscores the importance of innovation and future-readiness, calling for industry investment in research and development to address emerging challenges. Corporate social responsibility is seamlessly integrated, extending sustainable practices to the supply chain and fostering community investments. The model embraces a philosophy of continuous improvement and adaptation, urging industry players to solicit feedback, learn from mistakes, and remain agile in the face of evolving environmental and social landscapes. By incorporating these elements, the model provides a holistic framework for industry-wide adoption, fostering a paradigm shift towards sustainable solid waste management practices that prioritize both environmental well-being and human health.
Evaluasi Kegiatan Stimulasi Acidizing Menggunakan Metode Bullhead Pada Sumur X Lapangan Y
Authors: Wulandari Siska Pratiwi Putri , Candra Arya Dwi
Published: February 2024

Seiring berjalannya waktu, produksi uap pada sumur X mengalami penurunan laju produksi yang cukup besar bila dibandingkan dengan produksi awalnya. Penurunan laju produksi sendiri dapat terjadi karena beberapa hal, salah satunya dapat disebabkan karena adanya endapan scale pada lubang sumur. Acidizing merupakan suatu proses perbaikan terhadap sumur untuk menanggulangi atau mengurangi kerusakan formasi dalam upaya peningkatan laju produksi dengan melarutkan sebagian batuan. Dalam pelaksaan acidizing terdapat 3 tahapan utama yaitu pre-flush, main flush, dan overflush. Pre-flush merupakan tahapan utama pada acidizing yang digunakan untuk menghilangkan material formasi dan mineral yang dapat bereaksi langsung dengan HCL. Chemical yang digunakan adalah HCL dengan konsentrasi 10 %. Setelah pre-flush, selanjutnya dilanjutkan dengan main flush dengan menggunakan chemical campuran HCL ( 10%) : HF (5%) yang bertujuan untuk melarutkan partikel-partikel (sileceous) yang membatasi permeabilitas disekitar lubang sumur. Setelah acid bereaksi dengan scale, selanjutnya dilakukan overflush untuk menghilangkan sisa-sisa pengasaman menggunakan brine dan 5% NH4CL. Indikator keberhasilan pelaksanaan acidizing dapat dilihat dari peningkatan rata-rata steam flow ( 6,9 Ton/hr ) sebelum dilakukannya acidizing menjadi (53.45 Ton/hr) sesudah acidizing, selain itu juga dari kurva inflow perfomance relationship ( IPR) juga dapat dilihat peningkatan pada laju alir massa maksimum uap yang dihasilkan sebesar 141,5 kg/s sebelum dilakukannya acidizing, menjadi 350,13 kg/s setelah dilakukannya acidizing, serta diikuti dengan peningkatan nilai productivity index dari 0,56 kg/s.bar sebelum acidizing menjadi 1,4 kg/s.bar sesudah acidizing. Evaluasi hasil acidizing pada sumur produksi sangat penting untuk dilakukan karena membantu memastikan efektivitas proses perbaikan produktivitas sumur serta mengidentifikasi potensi masalah yang dapat mempengaruhi kinerja jangka panjang suatu sumur. Dengan memantau evaluasi ini, perusahaan dapat mengoptimalkan produksi mereka dan mengurangi biaya perawatan yang tidak perlu.
Óleo de amêndoa de palma (palmiste) brasileiro: caracterização e composição em ácidos graxos
Authors: Tavares Mário , Badolato Elza S. Gastaldo , Carvalho José Byron de , Aued Sabria
Published: February 2024

Com o objetivo de caracterizar, física e quimicamente, o óleo de palmiste brasileiro, foram analisadas 11 amostras de óleo bruto, produzidas nos Estados da Bahia e do Pará. Os índices de iodo, refração e saponificação, o ponto de fusão e o teor de matéria insaponificável se enquadraram, de modo geral, dentro dos valores normalmente encontrados na literatura, enquanto a baixa acidez em 81,8% das amostras estudadas indicou que eram de boa qualidade, similares aos óleos da Malãsia, o maior produtor mundial. A composição em ácidos graxos revelou que os óleos de palmiste nacional são altamente saturados, como os malásios, devido principalmente ao elevado conteúdo de ácido láurico. Com base nos dados experimentais, recomenda-se a inclusão do óleo de palmiste nas normas brasileiras relativas à identidade e qualidade de 6leos e gorduras comestíveis.
Reconhecimento botânico da espécie Erythrlna speciosa Andr.(mulungu)
Authors: Jorge Luzia Ilza Ferreira
Published: February 2024

Estudamos a folha e a casca de Erythrina speclosa Andr., destacando os elementos histológicos de importância na diagnose e na diferenciação dessa espécie em relação a outras do mesmo gênero, conhecidas como mulungu.
Epidemiologia da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. I - Composição da fauna flebotomínica no município de São Roque, região de Sorocaba
Authors: Taniguchi Helena Hilomi , Tolezano José Eduardo , Corrêa Fernando M. de Azevedo , Moraes Roberto Henrique P. , Veiga Rosa Maria de O. , Marassá Ana Maria
Published: February 2024

O estudo da fauna flebomínica em áreas endêmicas para Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana é parte integrante de uma proposta de implantação de um Serviço de Leishmanioses em Laboratório de Saúde Pública no Estado de São Paulo. Neste estudo procurou-se reconhecer as espécies encontradas no Município de São Roque; as coletas foram efetuadas semanalmente, entre agosto/87 e março/89. Dos 15.094 exemplares obtidos, destacam-se 04 espécies (Lutzomyia whitmani, Lu. Intermédia, Lu. fischeri e Lu. migonei, os quais totalizaram 98,42070.Lutzomyia whitmani predominou em margem de mata (49,76%) enquanto Lu. intermédia (71,53%) foi a mais encontrada em ambiente domiciliar e Lu. fischeri (63,47%) no interior de mata, revelando, assim, uma variação específica conforme o ambiente estudado. Isto pode significar que, diferentes espécies de flebotomíneos sejam responsáveis pela manutenção de Leishmania conforme o ecossistema encontrado nas áreas endêmicas.
Composição em ácidos graxos de óleos vegetais comestíveis comercializados no Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Badolato Elza Schwarz Gastado , Maio Franca Durante de , Tavares Mário
Published: February 2024

Com o objetivo de determinar a composição em ácidos graxos de óleos vegetais comestíveis nacionais, foi analisado um total de 221 amostras de óleos de algodão, amendoim, arroz, babaçu, girassol, milho e soja, comercializados no Estado de São Paulo, empregando-se a técnica de cromatografia em fase gasosa. Todos os valores de ácidos graxos encontrados estiveram compreendidos dentro dos limites aplicados pela Comissão do Codex Alimentarius ou, no caso do óleo de arroz, próximos aos referidas na literatura internacional. Os óleos de algodão, amendoim, girassol, milho e soja apresentaram elevados teores de ácidos linoléico (em média, 53,7%, 38,0%, 66,7%, 47,3% e 54,5%, respectivamente) e, no caso do óleo de soja, significativo teor de ácido linolênico (em média, 7,1 %), ambos considerados ácidos graxos essenciais, conferindo a esses óleos destacado valor nutricional. Os resultados obtidos poderão ser aproveitados na elaboração de tabelas de composição de alimentos ou em futura revisão das normas brasileiras relativas à identidade e qualidade dos óleos e gorduras comestíveis.
Determinação de valores-alvo para uso no controle de qualidade de analisadores hematológicos
Authors: Munhoz Marcos Antonio Gonçalves , Yokomizo Ryuko Miyamaru , Gushiken Elena Yoko , Zamfirov Vânia Maria Cação , Arruda Inês de Castro , Cangerana Femanda Alves , Niero Luiz Ítalo , Azevedo-Neto Raymundo Soares de
Published: February 2024

Os autores relatam um estudo retrospectivo realizado com valores hematimétricos (hemoglobina, hematócrito e hemácías), índices hematimétricos (volume corpuscular médio, hemoglobina corpuscular média e concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média) e leucócitos, obtidos em 3 anos (1988 a 1990), provenientes de dois analisadores hematológicos semi-automatizados, previamente calibrados com padrões primários e amostra controle, para estabelecimento de valores-alvo (média das médias diárias), que serão utilizados no monitoramento da exatidão desses equipamentos. Preliminarmente, foram calculadas as médias, as medianas, as modas e as freqüências das 1000 primeiras determinações do ano de 1988, para avaliação das distribuições da população estudada. A seguir, realizou-se estudo estatístico retrospectivo através de microcomputador, analisando-se 613 rotinas, com 392.000 determinações, de 56.000 pacientes de Centros de Saúde do ERSA 2, Município de São Paulo, sendo calculadas as médias aritméticas, os desvios padrão e os coeficientes de variação, e determinadas as medianas e as médias aritméticas máximas e mínimas, de cada ano em separado e nos três anos em conjunto. Das relações entre os valores hematimétricos, foram obtidas fórmulas empíricas para serem usadas no controle dos analisadores hematológicos. Os valores-alvo obtidos foram: Hemoglobina 13,4 g/dL, Hematócrito 40,1% Hemácias 4,63x106/mm3, Volume corpuscular médio 86,7 µ3, Hemoglobina corpuscular média 29,1 pg, Concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média 33,5% e Leucócitos 7,91x103/mm. Os intervalos de referência dos valores-alvo são apresentados com 1 e 2 desvios padrão.
Determinação dos teores de Zn, Fe, Ca, Se, Cu, K, Mg e Mn na dieta regional de Manaus, AM
Authors: K.O. Yuyama Lucia , M.F. Cozzolino Silvia
Published: February 2024

A dieta regional de Manaus foi elaborada utilizando-se os dados de Shrimpton & Giugliano23, para famílias com rendimentos até 2 salários mínimos mensais. Os teores de zinco, cálcio, ferro, magnésio e manganês da dieta regional de Manaus foram determinados pelo método de espectrofotometria de absorção atômica e emissão atômica com plasma de argônio induzido, por leitura direta da solução da amostra oxidada por via úmida com ácido nítrico e perclórico13. Quanto aos teores de selênio, cobre e potássio, foram determinados por análise de ativação com nêutrons. A adequação de minerais da dieta regional de Manaus foi avaliada por meio da análise química e percentual de adequação, tomando-se como referencial os padrões da National Academy of Scíences17. Dos resultados obtidos, observou-se que o selênio apresentou um alto teor de adequação, o cálcio estava deficiente com um percentual de adequação da ordem de 50%, seguido pelo cobre e pelo zinco. O ferro mostrou-se deficiente para a mulher adulta e o magnésio para o homem adulto, quando comparado com as necessidades recomendadas. Conclui -se que a dieta regional de Manaus apresenta teores elevados de selênio, porém não atende as recomendações preconizadas para a maioria dos minerais estudados.
Estudo comparativo de métodos para determinação de aflatoxina M1
Authors: Maria de Sylos Célia , Rodriguez Amaya Delia
Published: February 2024

Várias tentativas foram realizadas para escolher o solvente extratante mais eficiente e a melhor técnica para remover os interferentes de amostras de leite para a determinação de aflatoxina M1 em camada delgada. Na extração foram utilizados acetona, metanol e clorofórmio individualmente, misturados entre si ou com água. Precipitação com sais de metais pesados, partição entre sol ventes imiscíveis e colunas cromatográficas foram avaliados para promover a limpeza do extrato. A utilização de metais pesados não foi eficiente para eliminar os interferentes. O uso conjunto de clorofórmio e urna coluna cromatográfica demonstrou ser a maneira mais eficiente de extrair a aflatoxina M1 e remover substâncias interferentes. Colunas cromatográficas de sílica e sílica-C18 apresentaram melhores resultados que a coluna de celulose. A cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com extração em fase sólida, limpeza em coluna de sílica gel e derivação da aflatoxina M1 por ácido trifluoroacético e detecção por fluorescência apresentou sensibilidade e especificidade bem maiores que o método por cromatografia em camada delgada com quantificação visual baseada na intensidade de fluorescência.
Testes confirmatórios para tricotecenos
Authors: Angélica Marochi Maria , M. Valente Soares Lucia , P. Z. Furlani Regina
Published: February 2024

Testes para confirmação da identidade de alguns tricotecenos (deoxinivalenol,diacetoxiscirpenol, toxina T-2, roridinaA, verrucarinaA) em cromatografia de camada delgada são descritos, envolvendo (a) uma reação de acetilação antes do desenvolvimento cromatogrático e (b) o uso de 5 reveladores (ácido sulfúrico, sulfato de cério, 2,4 dinitrofenil hidrazina, p-anisaldeído, ácido cromotrópico) após o desenvolvimento cromatográfico. Nivalenol não respondeu aos reveladores e não pode ser incluído na presente proposta. O sistema foi testado em oito amostras de milho inoculadas e incubadas com cepas toxigênicas de Fusarium e que produziram diacetoxiscirpenol e toxina T-2, e os resultados, comparados com os obtidos com espectrometria de massa, demonstram a utilidade e facilidade de aplicação do sistema para confirmação destes tricotecenos em camada delgada.