bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptation under dichromatic illumination
Authors: Ma Shining , Teunissen Kees , Smet Kevin A. G.
Published: June 2023

Over the years, many CATs (chromatic adaptation transforms) have been developed, such as CMCCAT97, CAT02 and CAT16, to predict the corresponding colors under different illuminants. These CATs were derived from uniform simple stimuli surrounded by a uniform background with a single illuminant. Although some mixed adaptation models have been proposed in literature to predict the adaptation under more than one illuminant, these models are typically limited to a certain scene and exclude the impact of spatial complexity. To investigate chromatic adaptation under more complex conditions, an achromatic matching experiment was conducted with (simultaneously) spatially dichromatic illumination for three illumination color pairs and various spatial configurations. Spatial configuration was found to have an impact on both the degree of adaptation and the equivalent illuminant chromaticity, which is the chromaticity of a single uniform adapting illumination that results in the same corresponding colors as for the dichromatic lighting condition. A preliminary CAT model is proposed that considers the spatial and colorimetric complexity of the illumination.
Low loss side-polished pumping coupler for high order OAM modes amplification
Authors: Xue Xiaobo , Jiang Qi , Pang Fufei , Wen Jianxiang , Chen Wei , Zeng Xianglong , Zhang Liang , Wei Heming , Wang Tingyun
Published: June 2023

An all-fiber fiber coupler was demonstrated for pumping orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes amplification, which was fabricated by side-polishing and bonding a ring-core erbium-doped fiber (RC-EDF) and a pre-tapered side-polished single-mode fiber (SMF). With the selected phase-matching condition at 976 nm, the pumping laser was coupled into the RC-EDF from the SMF with optimized high efficiency, whereas the 1st to 3rd-order OAM mode signals were transmitted with the low insertion loss in the RC-EDF over a broadband wavelength range from 1530 to 1565 nm. This all-fiber wavelength division multiplexing coupler was optimized by the polished length and depth of the two coupled fibers. The insertion loss for the OAM signal modes was obtained lower than 0.58 dB with the pump power coupling ratio of above 90%. The proposed side-polished pumping coupler technique can ensure high-order OAM modes amplification, paving the way for the all-fiber optical amplifier in high-capacity modal-division multiplexing fiber communication systems.
Affordable method for measuring fluorescence using Gaussian distributions and bounded MESE
Authors: Iser Tomáš , Lachiver Loïc , Wilkie Alexander
Published: June 2023

We present an accurate and low-cost method for measuring fluorescence in materials. Our method outputs an estimate of the material’s Donaldson matrix, which is a commonly used two-dimensional spectral characterization of its fluorescence and reflectance properties. To find the estimate, only a few measurements of the material’s reflectance under a few illuminants are needed, which we demonstrate using low-cost optical components. Internally, our algorithm is based on representing each Donaldson matrix with a multivariate Gaussian mixture model and its diagonal with a bounded MESE (maximum entropy spectral estimate). It parametrizes and constrains the estimate in a robust and simple way, allowing the use of gradient-descent optimization. We evaluate our algorithm on a combination of real and synthetic data, and four examples of distinct optical components. We reach significantly lower errors than the current state of the art on the exact same inputs, our estimates do not suffer from artifacts such as oscillations of the spectra, and they are stable and robust.
Tailored diffractions of asymmetric columns and symmetric rows in two-dimensional multi-element phase gratings
Authors: Hua Shuo , Wu Jin-Hui
Published: June 2023

Two-dimensional multi-element phase gratings can be engineered to show an even symmetry along one direction while an odd symmetry along the other direction in terms of offset refractive indices in each unit cell. The interplay of such even and odd symmetries has been explored to tailor diffraction columns and rows on demand by making offset refractive indices to satisfy specific requirements and hence attain different types of destructive interference. The resultant tailoring effects include the directional column elimination, the grouped column elimination, and the directional column selection as well as the natural row absence, the grouped row elimination, and the central row selection.
Ultrahigh bandwidth measuring approach of an I-FOG based on axial magnetic sensitivity
Authors: Li Xuechi , Xu Lizhong , Liang Cui , Xu Beibei , Zhou Yilan , Miao Lijun , Zhang Dengwei
Published: June 2023

The bandwidth is one of the key indicators of the interferometric fiber optic gyroscope (I-FOG) in the application with high frequency jitter. The traditional bandwidth measurement equipment, such as the angular vibration table, can only provide angular vibrations of hundreds of hertz and cannot meet the measurement needs of a high bandwidth gyro. We propose an approach, with which a signal of several thousand hertz can be provided and can measure a high bandwidth of I-FOGs. The bandwidth measurement approach is based on the axial magnetic sensitivity. We present the measurement principle, derive the axial magnetic sensitivity expression of the fiber coil in I-FOGs, and demonstrate the bandwidth measuring system. With this system, the bandwidth of an I-FOG is measured and the experimental result shows that the bandwidth is ∼10 kHz. It is proved that this new, to the best of our knowledge, approach is capable of testing the bandwidth of the I-FOG at ultrahigh frequencies.
Ultra-broad bandwidth low-dispersion mirror with smooth dispersion and high laser damage resistance
Authors: Zhang Yuhui , Wang Yanzhi , Chen Yu , Lu Yesheng , Wang Xinliang , Kong Fanyu , Wang Zhihao , Chen Chang , Xu Yi , Leng Yuxin , He Hongbo , Shao Jianda
Published: June 2023

Low-dispersion mirrors (LDMs), which require a broad bandwidth, low dispersion, and high damage threshold, are essential optics in ultra-intense and ultra-short laser devices. Bragg mirrors and chirped LDMs do not satisfy these requirements simultaneously. We propose a novel LDM (NLDM) based on the hump-like structure and quarter wavelength optical thickness (QWOT) structure to achieve a broad bandwidth, smooth dispersion, and high robustness. The spectral and dispersion characteristics of the two structures compensate for each other, which makes up for the deficiency that the dispersion bandwidth of the sinusoidal modulation structure cannot be broadened. Based on this structure, the LDM can achieve a design bandwidth of 240 nm and support the transmission of sub-11-fs pulses. The accuracy of the NLDM is experimentally evaluated. The structure shows the potential for broad-spectrum laser damage performance due to the low electric field intensity. The NLDM improves the mirror performance and paves the way for a new generation of ultra-intense and ultra-short laser devices.
Photonics with 2D materials: introduction to the special issue
Authors: Majumdar Arka , Fröch Johannes , Liu Chang-Hua , Deng Hui , Nam Donguk , Tartakovskii Alexander
Published: June 2023

This is an introduction to the special issue on photonics with 2D materials.
Experimental demonstration of a nanolaser with a sub-µA threshold current
Authors: Dimopoulos Evangelos , Xiong Meng , Sakanas Aurimas , Marchevsky Andrey , Dong Gaoneng , Yu Yi , Semenova Elizaveta , Mørk Jesper , Yvind Kresten
Published: June 2023

We demonstrate a nano-buried-heterostructure photonic crystal laser exhibiting an ultralow threshold of 730 nA at telecom wavelengths. This breakthrough was achieved by reducing the doping-induced losses of the laser cavity, enabling the efficient miniaturization of the active region. The laser can be directly modulated at 3 GHz at an energy cost of 1 fJ/bit, and a comparison to longer lasers is given. To the best of our knowledge, this is the lowest threshold reported for any laser operating at room temperature, facilitating on-chip links with ultralow energy consumption.
Thermodynamically limited uncooled infrared detector using an ultra-low mass perforated subwavelength absorber
Authors: Das Avijit , Mah Merlin L. , Hunt John , Talghader Joseph J.
Published: June 2023

An uncooled detector has reached the thermodynamic temperature
fluctuation limit, such that 98% of its total noise consisted of
phonon and photon fluctuations of the detector body. The device has
performed with a detectivity of 3.8×109cmHz/W, which is the highest reported for
any room temperature device operating in the long-wave infrared (λ∼8−12µm). The device has shown a
noise-equivalent temperature difference of 4.5 mK and a time
constant of 7.4 ms. The detector contains a subwavelength
perforated absorber with an absorption-per-unit-thermal mass-per-area
of 1.54×1022kg−1m−2, which is approximately
1.6–32.1 times greater than the state-of-the-art absorbers
reported for any infrared application. The perforated absorber
membrane is mostly open space, and the solid portion consists of Ti, SiN
x
, and Ni layers with an overall fill
factor of ∼28%, where subwavelength interference,
cavity coupling, and evanescent field absorption among units induce
the high absorption-per-unit-thermal mass-per-area. Readout of the
detector occurs via infrared-absorption-induced deformation using a
Mach–Zehnder interferometry technique (at λ=633nm), chosen for its long-term
compatibility with array reads using a single integrated
transceiver.
Effective electromagnetic wave properties of disordered stealthy hyperuniform layered media beyond the quasistatic regime
Authors: Kim Jaeuk , Torquato Salvatore
Published: June 2023

Disordered stealthy hyperuniform dielectric composites exhibit novel electromagnetic wave transport properties in two and three dimensions. Here, we carry out the first study of the electromagnetic properties of one-dimensional 1D) disordered stealthy hyperuniform layered media. From an exact nonlocal theory, we derive an approximation formula for the effective dynamic dielectric constant tensor ε
e
(k
q
,ω) of general 1D media that is valid well beyond the quasistatic regime and apply it to 1D stealthy hyperuniform systems. We consider incident waves of transverse polarization, frequency ω, and wavenumber k
q
. Our formula for ε
e
(k
q
,ω), which is given in terms of the spectral density, leads to a closed-form relation for the transmittance T. Our theoretical predictions are in excellent agreement with finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. Stealthy hyperuniform layered media have perfect transparency intervals up to a finite wavenumber, implying no Anderson localization, but non-stealthy hyperuniform media are not perfectly transparent. Our predictive theory provides a new path for the inverse design of the wave characteristics of disordered layered media, which are readily fabricated, by engineering their spectral densities.
Inverse method for tailoring optical beams
Authors: Komis Ioannis , Brimis Apostolos , Papazoglou Dimitris , Makris Konstantinos
Published: June 2023

We present an inverse design method for local tailoring of the characteristic properties of optical beams, including the formation of subwavelength features in the transverse plane. Our proposed technique is based on the superposition of either paraxial or non-paraxial Laguerre-Gaussian beams, that generate the desirable optical fields. This versatile method enables the precise control over amplitude and phase profiles, providing thus new potential applications in wavefront shaping and imaging.
Multidimensional optical tweezers synthetized by rigid-body emulated structured light
Authors: Zhu Liuhao , Tai Yuping , Li Hehe , Hu Huajie , Li Xinzhong , Cai Yangjian , Shen Yijie
Published: June 2023

Structured light with more extended degrees of freedom (DoFs) and in higher dimensions is increasingly gaining traction and leading to breakthroughs such as super-resolution imaging, larger-capacity communication, and ultraprecise optical trapping or tweezers. More DoFs for manipulating an object can access more maneuvers and radically increase maneuvering precision, which is of significance in biology and related microscopic detection. However, manipulating particles beyond three-dimensional (3D) spatial manipulation by using current all-optical tweezers technology remains difficult. To overcome this limitation, we theoretically and experimentally present six-dimensional (6D) structured optical tweezers based on tailoring structured light emulating rigid-body mechanics. Our method facilitates the evaluation of the methodology of rigid-body mechanics to synthesize six independent DoFs in a structured optical trapping system, akin to six-axis rigid-body manipulation, including surge, sway, heave, roll, pitch, and yaw. In contrast to previous 3D optical tweezers, our 6D structured optical tweezers significantly improved the flexibility of the path design of complex trajectories, thereby laying the foundation for next-generation functional optical manipulation, assembly, and micromechanics.
Improvement on the topological localized interface enabled by chiral symmetry
Authors: Chen Jingxuan , Wang Mingjin , Fu Ting , Wang Yufei , Wang Xueyou , Dai Yingqiu , Liao Ziyuan , Ji Haiyang , Zheng Wanhua
Published: June 2023

Zero-energy topological states, which are protected by chiral symmetry against certain perturbations topologically, localize at interfaces between trivial and non-trivial phases in the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) chain model. Here, we propose and demonstrate a method to manipulate chiral symmetry itself to improve the localized interfaces and enlarge the mode volume of topological states in the SSH model, thus optimizing the lasing performance of localized interfaces. As multiple defects corresponding to off-diagonal perturbations in an eigenmatrix are introduced, the topological state expands and extends to extra defects at the topological interface without breaking chiral symmetry. We apply the proposed method in electrical pumping semiconductor laser arrays to verify our theoretical prediction and optimize the output characteristics of the devices. The measured results of the proposed multi-defect SSH laser array show that the output power has been increased by 27%, and the series resistance and far-field divergence have been reduced by half compared to the traditional SSH laser array, establishing a high-performance light source for integrated silicon photonics, infrared light detection and ranging, and so on. Our work demonstrates that the proposed method is capable of improving topological localized interfaces and redistributing zero-energy topological states. Furthermore, our method can be applied to other platforms and inspire optimizations of more devices in broader areas.
Alternative polyadenylation factor CPSF6 regulates temperature compensation of the mammalian circadian clock
Authors: Schmal Christoph , Maier Bert , Ashwal-Fluss Reut , Bartok Osnat , Finger Anna-Marie , Bange Tanja , Koutsouli Stella , Robles Maria S. , Kadener Sebastian , Herzel Hanspeter , Kramer Achim
Published: June 2023

A defining property of circadian clocks is temperature compensation, characterized by the resilience of their near 24-hour free-running periods against changes in environmental temperature within the physiological range. While temperature compensation is evolutionary conserved across different taxa of life and has been studied within many model organisms, its molecular underpinnings remain elusive. Posttranscriptional regulations such as temperature-sensitive alternative splicing or phosphorylation have been described as underlying reactions. Here, we show that knockdown of cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 6 (CPSF6), a key regulator of 3′-end cleavage and polyadenylation, significantly alters circadian temperature compensation in human U-2 OS cells. We apply a combination of 3′-end-RNA-seq and mass spectrometry–based proteomics to globally quantify changes in 3′ UTR length as well as gene and protein expression between wild-type and CPSF6 knockdown cells and their dependency on temperature. Since changes in temperature compensation behavior should be reflected in alterations of temperature responses within one or all of the 3 regulatory layers, we statistically assess differential responses upon changes in ambient temperature between wild-type and CPSF6 knockdown cells. By this means, we reveal candidate genes underlying circadian temperature compensation, including eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 (EIF2S1).
Cell-type annotation with accurate unseen cell-type identification using multiple references
Authors: Xiong Yi-Xuan , Wang Meng-Guo , Chen Luonan , Zhang Xiao-Fei
Published: June 2023

The recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) techniques have stimulated efforts to identify and characterize the cellular composition of complex tissues. With the advent of various sequencing techniques, automated cell-type annotation using a well-annotated scRNA-seq reference becomes popular. But it relies on the diversity of cell types in the reference, which may not capture all the cell types present in the query data of interest. There are generally unseen cell types in the query data of interest because most data atlases are obtained for different purposes and techniques. Identifying previously unseen cell types is essential for improving annotation accuracy and uncovering novel biological discoveries. To address this challenge, we propose mtANN (multiple-reference-based scRNA-seq data annotation), a new method to automatically annotate query data while accurately identifying unseen cell types with the aid of multiple references. Key innovations of mtANN include the integration of deep learning and ensemble learning to improve prediction accuracy, and the introduction of a new metric that considers three complementary aspects to distinguish between unseen cell types and shared cell types. Additionally, we provide a data-driven method to adaptively select a threshold for identifying previously unseen cell types. We demonstrate the advantages of mtANN over state-of-the-art methods for unseen cell-type identification and cell-type annotation on two benchmark dataset collections, as well as its predictive power on a collection of COVID-19 datasets. The source code and tutorial are available at https://github.com/Zhangxf-ccnu/mtANN.
Nonlinear eco-evolutionary games with global environmental fluctuations and local environmental feedbacks
Authors: Jiang Yishen , Wang Xin , Liu Longzhao , Wei Ming , Zhao Jingwu , Zheng Zhiming , Tang Shaoting
Published: June 2023

Environmental changes play a critical role in determining the evolution of social dilemmas in many natural or social systems. Generally, the environmental changes include two prominent aspects: the global time-dependent fluctuations and the local strategy-dependent feedbacks. However, the impacts of these two types of environmental changes have only been studied separately, a complete picture of the environmental effects exerted by the combination of these two aspects remains unclear. Here we develop a theoretical framework that integrates group strategic behaviors with their general dynamic environments, where the global environmental fluctuations are associated with a nonlinear factor in public goods game and the local environmental feedbacks are described by the ‘eco-evolutionary game’. We show how the coupled dynamics of local game-environment evolution differ in static and dynamic global environments. In particular, we find the emergence of cyclic evolution of group cooperation and local environment, which forms an interior irregular loop in the phase plane, depending on the relative changing speed of both global and local environments compared to the strategic change. Further, we observe that this cyclic evolution disappears and transforms into an interior stable equilibrium when the global environment is frequency-dependent. Our results provide important insights into how diverse evolutionary outcomes could emerge from the nonlinear interactions between strategies and the changing environments.
Sepsis awareness and knowledge amongst nurses, physicians and paramedics of a tertiary care center in Switzerland: A survey-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Regina Jean , Le Pogam Marie-Annick , Niemi Tapio , Akrour Rachid , Pepe Santino , Lehn Isabelle , Wasserfallen Jean-Blaise , Calandra Thierry , Meylan Sylvain
Published: June 2023

Background

Sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Prompt recognition and management are critical to improve outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a survey among nurses and physicians of all adult departments of the Lausanne University Hospital (LUH) and paramedics transporting patients to our hospital. Measured outcomes included professionals’ demographics (age, profession, seniority, unit of activity), quantification of prior sepsis education, self-evaluation, and knowledge of sepsis epidemiology, definition, recognition, and management. Correlation between surveyed personnel and sepsis perceptions and knowledge were assessed with univariable and multivariable logistic regression models.

Results

Between January and October 2020, we contacted 1’216 of the 4’417 professionals (27.5%) of the LUH, of whom 1’116 (91.8%) completed the survey, including 619 of 2’463 (25.1%) nurses, 348 of 1’664 (20.9%) physicians and 149 of 290 (51.4%) paramedics. While 98.5% of the participants were familiar with the word “sepsis” (97.4% of nurses, 100% of physicians and 99.3% of paramedics), only 13% of them (physicians: 28.4%, nurses: 5.9%, paramedics: 6.8%) correctly identified the Sepsis-3 consensus definition. Similarly, only 48% and 49.3% of the physicians and 10.1% an 11.9% of the nurses knew that SOFA was a sepsis defining score and that the qSOFA score was a predictor of increased mortality, respectively. Furthermore, 15.8% of the physicians and 1.0% of the nurses knew the three components of the qSOFA score. For patients with suspected sepsis, 96.1%, 91.6% and 75.8% of physicians respectively chose blood cultures, broad-spectrum antibiotics and fluid resuscitation as therapeutic interventions to be initiated within 1 (76.4%) to 3 (18.2%) hours. For nurses and physicians, recent training correlated with knowledge of SOFA score (ORs [95%CI]: 3.956 [2.018–7.752] and 2.617 [1.527–4.485]) and qSOFA (ORs [95%CI]: 5.804 [2.653–9.742] and 2.291 [1.342–3.910]) scores purposes. Furthermore, recent training also correlated with adequate sepsis definition (ORs [95%CI]: 1.839 [1.026–3.295]) and the components of qSOFA (ORs [95%CI]: 2.388 [1.110–5.136]) in physicians.

Conclusions

This sepsis survey conducted among physicians, nurses and paramedics of a tertiary Swiss medical center identified a deficit of sepsis awareness and knowledge reflecting a lack of sepsis-specific continuing education requiring immediate corrective measures.
Does the history of opening ports and trading influence the long-term business credit environment of cities? Evidence from the Yangtze River Delta region of China
Authors: Chen Haisheng , Bao Songsai , Shen Manhong , Ni Dingqing
Published: June 2023

Based on the China City Commercial Credit Environment Index (CEI), a more scientific spatial DID model was used to examine the long-term impact of the opening of ports and trading in the late Qing Dynasty on the urban commercial credit environment, taking cities above the prefecture level in the Yangtze River Delta as a sample. The study confirms that: (1) the opening of ports and commerce in the late Qing Dynasty had a significant contribution to the urban commercial credit environment, which was conducive to the transformation of production methods and interpersonal relationships from traditional to modern, and to the improvement of the urban commercial credit environment. (2) Before the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki, the local forces of the late Qing Dynasty were resistant to the economic aggression of the Great Powers, and the positive impact of the opening of ports and trading on the commercial credit environment of port cities was more significant, but the impact was not obvious after the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki. (3) From the history of the opening of ports for trade in the late Qing Dynasty, the economic aggression of the Western powers against the non-patronage areas by means of the buying class objectively strengthened the concept of rule of law and credit awareness in the local market and exerted a long-term influence on the commercial credit environment of the cities, but the impact of the opening of ports for trade on the commercial credit environment of the patronage areas was not prominent. (4) Cities located in the sphere of influence of the common law powers had a more pronounced impact on the commercial credit environment as their institutions and concepts were more easily transplanted, while the impact of the opening of ports and trading on the commercial credit environment of cities in the sphere of influence of the civil law powers was not significant. Policy Insights: (1) Enhance the ability to negotiate with foreign countries on economic and trade matters from a level-headed world perspective, and be bold and adept at fighting unreasonable rules, standards and requirements in order to better optimise the business credit environment; (2) Regulate the use of administrative resources and avoid undue administrative intervention, which is an important prerequisite for improving the basic system of the market economy to enhance the business credit environment; (3) Emphasise both connotative development to follow a Chinese style modernisation path, and (3) emphasising selective cooperation to promote outward development, promoting the interaction, convergence and matching of domestic and foreign regulations, and continuously improving the regional commercial credit environment.
Epidemiology of skin changes in endangered Southern Resident killer whales (Orcinus orca)
Authors: Gaydos Joseph K. , St. Leger Judy , Raverty Stephen , Nollens Hendrik , Haulena Martin , Ward Eric J. , Emmons Candice K. , Hanson M. Bradley , Balcomb Ken , Ellifrit Dave , Weiss Michael N. , Giles Deborah
Published: June 2023

Photographic identification catalogs of individual killer whales (Orcinus orca) over time provide a tool for remote health assessment. We retrospectively examined digital photographs of Southern Resident killer whales in the Salish Sea to characterize skin changes and to determine if they could be an indicator of individual, pod, or population health. Using photographs collected from 2004 through 2016 from 18,697 individual whale sightings, we identified six lesions (cephalopod, erosions, gray patches, gray targets, orange on gray, and pinpoint black discoloration). Of 141 whales that were alive at some point during the study, 99% had photographic evidence of skin lesions. Using a multivariate model including age, sex, pod, and matriline across time, the point prevalence of the two most prevalent lesions, gray patches and gray targets, varied between pods and between years and showed small differences between stage classes. Despite minor differences, we document a strong increase in point prevalence of both lesion types in all three pods from 2004 through 2016. The health significance of this is not clear, but the possible relationship between these lesions and decreasing body condition and immunocompetence in an endangered, non-recovering population is a concern. Understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of these lesions is important to better understand the health significance of these skin changes that are increasing in prevalence.
Prevalence and factors associated with undiagnosed and uncontrolled heart disease: A study based on self-reported chronic heart disease and symptom-based angina pectoris among middle-aged and older Indian adults
Authors: Ahmed Waquar , Muhammad T. , Maurya Chanda , Akhtar Saddaf Naaz
Published: June 2023

Background

This study aimed to examine the prevalence of heart diseases and angina pectoris and associated factors among middle-aged and older Indian adults. Additionally, the study examined the prevalence and associated factors of undiagnosed and uncontrolled heart disease among middle-aged and older adults based on self-reported chronic heart disease (CHD) and symptom-based angina pectoris (AP).

Methods

We used cross-sectional data from the first wave of the Longitudinal Ageing Study of India, 2017–18. The sample consists of 59,854 individuals (27, 769 males and 32,085 females) aged 45 years and above. Maximum likelihood binary logistic regression models were employed to examine the associations between morbidities, other covariates (demographic factors, socio-economic factors and behavioral factors) and heart disease and angina.

Results

A proportion of 4.16% older males and 3.55% older females reported the diagnosis of heart diseases. A proportion of 4.69% older males and 7.02% older females had symptom-based angina. The odds of having heart disease were higher among those who were hypertensive and who had family history of heart disease, and it was higher among those whose cholesterol levels were higher. Individuals with hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol and family history of heart disease were more likely to have angina than their healthy counterparts. The odds of undiagnosed heart disease were lower but the odds of uncontrolled heart disease were higher among those who were hypertensive than non-hypertensive individuals. Those having diabetes were less likely to have undiagnosed heart disease while among the diabetic people the odds of uncontrolled heart disease were higher. Similarly, higher odds were observed among people with high cholesterol, having stroke and also among those who had a history of heart disease than their counterparts.

Conclusions

The present study provided a comparative prevalence of heart disease and agina and their associations with chronic diseases among middle-aged and older adults in India. The higher prevalence of undiagnosed and uncontrolled heart disease and their risk factors among middle-aged and older Indians manisfest alarming public health concerns and future health demand.
Test cricketers score quickly during the ‘nervous nineties’: Evidence from a regression discontinuity design
Authors: Roberts Leo , Little Daniel R. , Jackson Mervyn , Spittal Matthew J.
Published: June 2023

The‘nervous nineties’is a well-known cricket colloquialism that implies that batting within reach of 100 runs is mentally demanding. Despite common acceptance of this phenomenon, no study has used a historical test cricket dataset to examine how batting behaviour and performance changes on approach to a century. Accordingly, we explored opensource ball-by-ball data from 712 test cricket matches played between 2004 and 2022 to model the regression discontinuity of batting performance metrics either side of 100 runs. Models were fit using multi-level regression, adjusted for the clustering of balls within players (and where possible, the clustering of matches and innings within players). The analysis revealed that runs per ball and the probability of scoring a boundary increased as batters approached 100 runs. This was followed by a decline of -0.18 runs per ball (95% CI -0.22 to -0.14) and a three-percentage point decline (95% CI 2.2 to 3.8) in the probability of a boundary once a batter reached 100. The modelling revealed no evidence of a change in the probability of a dismissal before and after 100. Our results suggest many batters cope effectively with the psychological demands of playing through the nineties, including by batting aggressively and/or opportunistically to swiftly reach the milestone.
Reverse Engineering, Tom Conaghan (ed.) (2022)
Authors: Vecino Aleix Tura
Published: June 2023

Review of: Reverse Engineering, Tom Conaghan (ed.) (2022)

London: Scratch Books, 172 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-73983-010-6, p/bk, £9.99

 

Reverse Engineering II, Tom Conaghan (ed.) (2022)

London: Scratch Books, 175 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-73983-013-7, p/bk, £9.99

 

A Very Short Introduction to the Short Story, Andrew Kahn (2021)

Oxford: Oxford University Press, 176 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-19875-463-3, p/bk, £8.99
Acute Liver Failure Guidelines
Authors: Shingina Alexandra , Mukhtar Nizar , Wakim-Fleming Jamilé , Alqahtani Saleh , Wong Robert J. , Limketkai Berkeley N. , Larson Anne M. , Grant Lafaine
Published: June 2023

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare, acute, potentially reversible condition resulting in severe liver impairment and rapid clinical deterioration in patients without preexisting liver disease. Due to the rarity of this condition, published studies are limited by the use of retrospective or prospective cohorts and lack of randomized controlled trials. Current guidelines represent the suggested approach to the identification, treatment, and management of ALF and represent the official practice recommendations of the American College of Gastroenterology. The scientific evidence was reviewed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation process to develop recommendations. When no robust evidence was available, expert opinions were summarized using Key Concepts. Considering the variety of clinical presentations of ALF, individualization of care should be applied in specific clinical scenarios.
Nestor Lima e a instituição do Dia do Professor no Brasil
Authors: Medeiros Neta Olívia Morais de , Pessoa Lígia Silva
Published: June 2023

Neste artigo, busca-se analisar as contribuições do intelectual potiguar Nestor Lima para a instituição do Dia do Professor no Brasil. Este intelectual foi Diretor do Departamento de Educação do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte entre 1924 e 1929. A partir do livro Um século de ensino primário que registrou a organização para celebração do centenário da lei imperial 15 de outubro 1827, e também por meio dos impressos presentes na Hemeroteca Digital, na interface com o método indiciário de Ginzburg (1990) e o entendimento de Sirinelli (2003) sobre intelectuais e sociabilidades, desenvolvemos o presente estudo. Nos jornais investigados, constam notícias sobre a iniciativa da comemoração do Dia do Professor ano de 1923 na data de 15 de outubro. Constatamos que Nestor Lima se reconhece como sujeito responsável pela indicação da data à celebração do Dia do Professor mediante a mobilização de sua rede de sociabilidades com intelectuais de outros estados.
Disciplinas, colectivos sociales y prácticas institucionales: ambientes formativos en la experiencia de los proyectos estudiantiles de extensión universitaria en la Universidad de la República
Authors: González María Noel , Lamas Gastón , Grabino Valeria , Santos Carlos
Published: June 2023

La convocatoria concursable Proyectos Estudiantiles de Extensión Universitaria, de la Comisión Sectorial de Extensión y Actividades en el Medio de la Universidad de la República, es una política de promoción de la extensión e integralidad que se realiza desde 2009. Basados en la iniciativa e intereses de los y las estudiantes, la formulación y ejecución de estos proyectos es acompañada por un dispositivo formativo que busca que los equipos universitarios pongan en juego, de forma interdisciplinaria, conocimientos disciplinares en un contexto de prácticas concretas, incorporen una serie de estrategias y herramientas teóricas, metodológicas y epistemológicas específicas de la intervención social, y se promueve a su vez la reflexión ética y el análisis crítico de la realidad social. Entendiendo a los proyectos estudiantiles de extensión como una herramienta central para la formación universitaria, se realizó un análisis procesual de las experiencias desarrolladas en sus primeros diez años y se enfatizó en algunas dimensiones centrales en procesos integrales.
Odpadová olympiáda - třídím, nebo recykluji?
Authors: Vašutová Dagmar
Published: June 2023

Realizace environmentální výchovy s pomocí venkovní výuky je v posledních letech velmi častá. Shoda se objevuje již v hlavní myšlence charakterizující oba pojmy: výuka o přírodě, výuka pro přírodu a výuka v přírodě (Palmer a Neil, 2003; Donaldson a Donaldson, 2013). Vzdělávání pro životní prostředí i terénní výuka se objevují ve školním kurikulu na mnoha místech, ať již v horizontálním či vertikálním směru – od předškolního až po pregraduální vzdělávání. Tématem, které v této oblasti dlouhodobě rezonuje, jsou odpady. Tyto aspekty jsou důvodem realizace odpadové olympiády, na které se podílí naši studenti ve spolupráci s ekologickým centrem Sluňákov jako organizátoři a žáci základních či nižších středních škol jako účastníci. Hlavním tématem posledních let byla recyklace odpadů. Příspěvek hodnotí znalosti účastníků olympiády o hlavních pojmech doprovázejících nakládání s odpady: „třízení odpadu“ a „recyklace“. Zaměřuje se na výskyt záměny těchto pojmů a na vliv průběhu venkovní akce na ujasnění odpadového pojmosloví.
Study on the Phytochemical, Antioxidant and In Vitro Anticancer activity on root extract of Simarouba glauca DC
Authors: Hingu Bhavisha , Sake Sandhya , Gupta Himanshu , Vyas Nishant , Thakur Kapil Singh , Thakur Mansee
Published: June 2023

Plant made medicine plays main role in drug formulation and synthesis with moderate or no side effects. Simarouba glauca is exotic to India and known for its phytomedicine property belonging to the Simaroubaceae family prominent for its leaves arrangement and is called “Lakshmi taru” or “Paradise tree”. The goal of this study was to present the preliminary phytochemicals, antioxidants, and cytotoxicity mechanism of S. glauca root extracts in terms of apoptosis in cell cycle. Phytochemical, qualitative, and antioxidant assay analyses were performed with the standard protocol using HPTLC and cytotoxicity studies were analysed using a flow-cytometer. The Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, steroids, and triterpenoids. Furthermore, the extracts demonstrated potent antioxidant activity and could serve as a lead source of natural antioxidants. In a concentration-dependent manner, anticancer study demonstrated cytotoxicity against the A549 cell line by stopping the cells at the S-phase. The main investigation reveals the antiproliferative properties of S. glauca methanolic root extract. Identification of cytotoxic compounds and their mode of action require further in-depth research. The outcome of our investigation offers compelling evidence that S. glauca methanolic root extract can be used as an effective ethnomedicinal agent with the ability to treat human disorders.
Detale Zagłady. Holokaust w polskiej literaturze dla dzieci
Authors: Kwiatkowska Agnieszka
Published: June 2023

Artykuł poświęcony jest roli detalu i powiązanych z nim chwytów artystycznych w ukazywaniu Zagłady w polskiej najnowszej literaturze dla dzieci. Obserwowanie detalu wymusza często zmianę perspektywy zarówno w sztukach plastycznych, jak i w literaturze. Koncentrowanie się na wyeksponowanych i znaczących szczegółach sprawia, że ogólna opowieść się rozmywa, a okrucieństwo historii ukazane zostaje poprzez luki w narracji. Detal staje się znakiem wydarzeń niedopowiedzianych i odsyła do pozatekstowej wiedzy czytelnika. Operowanie detalem umożliwia tez uruchomienie gry perspektyw, operowanie zbliżeniem i oddaleniem powiązanymi z przewartościowaniem opisywanych realiów. Główne zadanie literatury dla dzieci poświęconej Zagładzie to budowanie pamięci i postpamięci. Jest to możliwe dzięki oparciu się na detalach, wokół których narastają kolejne warstwy opowieści.
Ethnic tourism and Folksongs: A case study among the Blang (Bulang) of Yunnan, China
Authors: D’Amico Leonardo
Published: June 2023

In 2008 “Blang Nationality’s Singing and Instrument Playing” (Bulangzu tanchang) was listed as China’s intangible cultural heritage protection. The creation of ethnic parks, cultural villages, and ecomuseums in Southwest China raises some questions about the ethnic minorities’ traditional cultural/musical heritage and its sustainable development: What is the impact of ethnic tourism development on local minorities and what is the role played by government cultural policy in the preservation and dissemination of Blang musical heritage? How is this ethnic group’s identity represented in staged performances for tourists and in mass media? And what is the agency of Blang culture bearers officially appointed ‘cultural heritage inheritors’ in constructing, defining, and representing their own ethnic/musical identity? This article deals with a research project conducted mainly among the Blang of Manxi village in Xishuangbanna (Sipsongpanna), Yunnan Province, Southwest China, in the Spring of 2017. The purpose of this article is to describe and analyze the current interplay of ethnic tourism, government policy, mass media and culture bearers among an ethnic group considered a “minority among the minorities” in China and the effects of this interplay on the sustainability of traditional musical heritage.
Performance evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection in the post-pandemic era: multi-laboratory assessment
Authors: Chen Yuqing , Feng Lei , Han Yanxi , Zhao Zihong , Diao Zhenli , Huang Tao , Ma Yu , Feng Wanyu , Li Jing , Li Ziqiang , Liu Cong , Chang Lu , Li Jinming , Zhang Rui
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigen detection is an indispensable tool for epidemic surveillance in the post-pandemic era. Faced with irregular performance, a comprehensive external quality assessment (EQA) scheme was conducted by the National Center for Clinical Laboratories (NCCL) to evaluate the analytical performance and status of SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests.

Methods

The EQA panel included ten lyophilized samples containing serial 5-fold dilutions of inactivated SARS-CoV-2-positive supernatants of the Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 strains and negative samples, which were classified into “validating” samples and “educational” samples. Data were analyzed according to qualitative results for each sample.

Results

A total of 339 laboratories in China participated in this EQA scheme, and 378 effective results were collected. All validating samples were correctly reported by 90.56 % (307/339) of the participants and 90.21 % (341/378) of the datasets. The positive percent agreement (PPA) was >99 % for samples with concentrations of 2 × 107 copies/mL but was 92.20 % (697/756) for 4 × 106 copies/mL and 25.26 % (382/1,512) for 8 × 105 copies/mL samples. Colloidal gold was the most frequently used (84.66 %, 320/378) but showed the lowest PPAs (57.11 %, 1,462/2,560) for positive samples compared with fluorescence immunochromatography (90 %, 36/40) and latex chromatography (79.01 %, 335/424). Among 11 assays used in more than 10 clinical laboratories, ACON showed a higher sensitivity than other assays.

Conclusions

The EQA study can help to validate whether it’s necessary to update antigen detection assays for manufacturers and provide participants with information about the performance of assays to take the first step toward routine post-market surveillance.
Insights into the bubble formation dynamics in converging shape microchannels using CLSVOF method
Authors: Raize Abdul , Kumari Pooja , Sontti Somasekhara Goud , Atta Arnab
Published: June 2023

Bubble formation in a square microchannel having a converging shape merging junction has been studied using the Coupled Level-Set and Volume-of-Fluid (CLSVOF) method. The influence of variations in merging junction angles, fluid properties, and operating conditions on the bubble length and pressure drop has been analyzed. The results show a direct relationship between surface tension, gas-liquid flow ratio, and the inverse relation of continuous phase viscosity with the bubble length. Moreover, opposite variations of these parameters are observed for pressure drop. This work reveals a discerning influence of the angle variations of merging junction on the interplay between inertial, viscous, and surface tension forces in the bubble formation mechanism. We envisage that this numerical work will be of significant interest for the process intensification in various industries that deal with gas-liquid microfluidic systems.
e-reversibility of rings via quasinilpotents
Authors: Kose Handan , Ungor Burcu , Harmanci Abdullah
Published: June 2023

The reversible property of rings was introduced by Cohn and has important
generalizations in noncommutative ring theory. In this paper,
reversibility of rings is investigated in relation with
quasinilpotents and idempotents, and our argument is spread out
based on this. We call a ring R
Qnil e-reversible if for
any

a
,
b

∈
R

{a,b\in R}

, being

a
⁢
b

=
0

{ab=0}

implies

b
⁢
a
⁢
e

∈

R
qnil

{bae\in R^{\rm qnil}}

for a
prescribed idempotent

e
∈
R

{e\in R}

, where

R
qnil

{R^{\rm qnil}}

denotes the set
of all quasinilpotent elements of R. In the first, we determine
the set

R
qnil

{R^{\rm qnil}}

for some classes of rings to investigate the
structure of Qnil e-reversible rings. In the second, we use

R
qnil

{R^{\rm qnil}}

to define Qnil e-reversibility of rings. The notion
of Qnil e-reversible ring is a proper generalization of that of
e-semicommutative ring, Qnil-semicommutative ring,
e-reversible ring and right (left) quasi-duo ring. We obtain
some relations between a ring and its quotient rings in terms of
Qnil e-reversibility. Applications via some ring extensions and
examples illustrating our results are provided.
On the uniqueness of solutions in inverse problems for Burgers’ equation under a transverse diffusion
Authors: Baev Andrey
Published: June 2023

We consider the inverse problems of restoring initial data and a source term depending on spatial variables and time in
boundary value problems for the two-dimensional Burgers equation under a transverse diffusion in a rectangular and on a half-strip, like the Hopf–Cole transformation
is applied to reduce Burgers’ equation to the heat equation with respect to the function that can be measured to obtain tomographic data. We prove the uniqueness of
solutions in inverse problems with such additional data based on
the Fourier representations and the Laplace transformation.
The Crowdsourcing of Regulatory Monitoring and Enforcement
Authors: Yadin Sharon
Published: June 2023

Crowdsourced regulation has been discussed to date by legal and social science scholars mainly in the context of legislation and rulemaking, without paying sufficient attention to non-legislative regulatory functions. This article provides a richer theory of crowdsourced regulation which extends to all regulatory functions, focusing on monitoring and enforcement. Regulatory agencies worldwide harness the power of the public using digital platforms to carry out monitoring and enforcement tasks in regulated markets and sectors. For example, agencies operate online complaint databases that invite the public to report mistreatment of consumers and environmental nuisances by regulated firms. Agencies also publish information concerning corporate misbehavior to publicly shame companies into compliance. Crowdsourcing regulatory monitoring and enforcement can help minimize some prominent ailments of the regulatory task, such as poor resources, diminishing deterrence, declining legitimacy, and capture. It can also promote goals and values such as public participation, increased transparency, public trust in regulators, administrative efficiency, and effectiveness in achieving regulatory objectives. However, crowdsourcing regulatory monitoring and enforcement is subject to a new set of legal, administrative, and democratic failures that need to be acknowledged and addressed. The article develops a theory of crowdsourced regulation that supplies justifications and rationales for crowdsourced regulatory monitoring and enforcement, points out its main pitfalls, and normatively evaluates law and policy implications.