bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of thermocycling effect on the bond strength between an aluminous ceramic and a resin cement
Authors: Andreatta Filho Osvaldo Daniel , Araújo Maria Auxiliadora Junho de , Bottino Marco Antonio , Nishioka Renato Sussumu , Menezes Marcia Maciel
Published: January 2006

This study evaluated the effect of thermocycling on the bond strength between Procera AllCeram (Nobel-Biocare) and a resin cement (Panavia F, Kuraray CO). Nine ceramic blocks with dimensions of 5x6x6mm were conditioned at one face with Rocatec System (Espe). After, they were luted with Panavia F to composite resin blocks (Clearfil AP-X, Kuraray CO). The nine groups formed by ceramic, cement and composite resin were split up obtaining 75 samples with dimensions of 12x1x1mm and adhesive surface presenting 1mm²±0.1mm² of area. The samples were divided into 3 groups (n=25): G1 - 14 days in distilled water at 37ºC; G2 - 6,000 cycles in water (5ºC - 55ºC - 30s); G3 - 12,000 cycles in water (5ºC - 55ºC - 30s). The samples were tested in a universal testing machine (EMIC) at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests. The results indicated that mean values of rupture tension (MPa) of G1 (10.71 ± 3.54) did not differ statistically (p <5%) from G2 (9.01 ± 3.90), however there was statistical difference between G1 and G3 (7.28 ± 3.00). It was concluded that thermocycling significantly reduced the bond strength values when samples were submitted to 12,000 cycles.
Evaluation of cast metallic posts reproduction according to its quantity and position inside the casting ring
Authors: Pinto Luciana de Rezende , Bonfante Gerson , Lopes José Fernando Scarelli
Published: January 2006

The aim of this study was the evaluation about the influence of the quantity and the localization of resin patterns to cast metallic posts in its diameter and length reproduction. Seventy-two patterns for posts were fabricated by using prefabricated FKG plastic posts and divided for casting in 3 groups: G1-small ring/4 patterns, G2- medium ring/6 patterns, G3- big ring/8 patterns. Half of the patterns of each group were placed on the right side of the ring midline and the other half, on the left side, in order to guide the ring inside of the centrifuge. Using the comparative microscope, measures of diameter and length in different places were obtained before and after casting. The results were submitted to statistic analysis (ANOVA two way and Tukey's test), to make possible these observations: 1°) the position of patterns didn't influenced the measured dimensions. 2°) the same happened with the quantity of patterns inside the ring. 3°) only the pins of group G3 have presented statistically significant diameter differences. In conclusion, 1°) the position of patterns inside the ring and its quantity did not result in significant changes in pins length and diameter. 2°) Although there were no significant length alterations, significant ones were observed in the diameters 3, 6, and 9mm of Group G3.
Evaluation of the surface of root canal walls after utilization of endodontic rotary systems: SEM study
Authors: Yamashita José Carlos , Duarte Marco Antonio Hungaro , Valim Fernanda Araújo , Almeida Juliano Milanezi de , Kuga Milton Carlos , Fraga Sylvio de Campos
Published: January 2006

The objective of the present study was to determine, by scanning electron microscopy, the aspect of root canal walls after utilization of different rotary instrumentation systems for root canal preparation. Forty-two single-rooted and straight teeth were divided into six groups, whose root canals were prepared using the following rotary systems: groups 1 and 2 - Quantec; groups 3 and 4 - Pow-R; groups 5 and 6 - Profile. Irrigation was performed with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution in all groups, while only groups 2, 4 and 6 received a final flush with EDTA. Data were analyzed by non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Miller tests. Removal of the smear layer and other debris was more effective in the groups receiving EDTA as final irrigant. The Profile system showed the best cleaning, generating only a minimum smear layer, with a significant difference being observed compared to the Pow-R system (p<0.05), but no difference when compared with Quantec system. The final use of EDTA favored cleaner surfaces in all groups.
Efficacy of three conditions of radiographic interpretation for assessment root canal length
Authors: Ogata Mitsuru , Loffredo Leonor de Castro Monteiro , Kuga Milton Carlos , Scaf Gulnara
Published: January 2006

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of three conditions of image interpretation for radiographic root measurements and calculating the intra-observer reproducibility of the measurements. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty intra-operative periapical radiographs of maxillary central and lateral incisors were measured, in mm, from the tip of the file to the radiographic apex, using a caliper. Three separate measurements were made of the 30 radiographs. The three measurements for each tooth were averaged and the mean used for further calculations. After a 12-day period, the measurements were repeated. The three experimental viewing conditions used: 1) standard viewbox without masking of background light around the radiograph and without magnification (Visual); 2) standard viewbox with use of a magnifying lens of 2.5x and with background light masked (Magnification); and 3) viewer device that restricts room lighting and enlarges the image by a magnifying lens of 1.75x (Viewer). The mean and standard deviation of the measurements were calculated and used for descriptive analysis. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate intra-observer and inter-method agreement of the measurements. The measurement error was estimated by Dalhberg's formula. RESULTS: The ANOVA showed no significant differences between measurement sessions, viewing methods, or interaction between observation session and method (p>0.05). The intra-observer measurement error was 0.02 mm for Visual and the Magnification methods and 0.01 mm for the Viewer. CONCLUSION: There does not seem to be any advantage in using viewbox masking or magnification for measuring the distance between the end of the endodontic file and the root apex in maxillary incisors.
Evaluation of an IBAD thin-film process as an alternative method for surface incorporation of bioceramics on dental implants: a study in dogs
Authors: Coelho Paulo G. , Suzuki Marcelo
Published: January 2006

Thin-film bioceramic coatings are potential alternatives to overcome the limitations provided by other commercially available coating techniques like PSHA, where variable bioceramic dissolution added to a metalloceramic weak link are process- inherent. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the overall and site specific (to 0.5 mm from implant surface) levels of osseoactivity around a thin-film (IBAD processed) coated titanium alloy implant versus a non surface modified (sand-blasted/acid etched) titanium alloy implant in a canine model. The surgical model comprised the proximal tibiae epiphyses with four implants placed in each limb remaining for 2 and 4 weeks in-vivo. 10 mg/Kg oxytetracycline was administered 48 hours prior to euthanization. The limbs were retrieved by sharp dissection, reduced to blocks, and subsequently nondecalcified processed for fluorescent microscopy. Micrographs (20x mag) were acquired around the implant perimeter and merged for overall biological response evaluations, and four micrographs (40x mag. subdivided in rectangles) were acquired along one of the implant sides for tetracycline labeled area fraction quantification. The results showed biocompatible and osseoconductive properties for the thin-film coated and uncoated titanium alloy implants. Tetracycline labeled area fraction analyses showed that the thin-film coated implants presented significantly higher overall and site specific osseoactivity levels at 2 and 4 weeks. The site specific osseoactivity values were significantly higher compared to overall values for control and thin-film coated implants at both times in-vivo. According to the results obtained in this study, thin-film coated implants enhanced biological response at the early implantation times evaluated.
Marginal leakage of polyacid-modified composite resin restorations in primary molars: an in vitro study
Authors: Martinhon Cleide Cristina R. , Vieira Ricardo Sousa
Published: January 2006

The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the marginal leakage in primary molars restored with 2 polyacid-modified composite resins (Dyract AP - Dentsply and F2000 - 3M) and a composite resin (Filtek Z250 - 3M) as control. First and second primary molars were used for preparation of cavities on the proximal surfaces, with extension of the gingival margin to the cementoenamel junction. Restorations were accomplished after total etching and application of the respective adhesive system, and were divided into groups according to the restorative system and the number of adhesive layers used. The teeth were stored in distilled water for 7 days, followed by thermocycling with 500 cycles at 5ºC - 55ºC, with one minute in each bath. Thereafter, teeth were prepared for immersion in 0.5% methylene blue solution for four hours. The teeth were sectioned in mesiodistal direction for assessment of dye penetration. According to the results of the Kruskal-Wallis test, the three restorative materials employed did not completely avoid marginal leakage at the gingival margin of primary molars. The marginal leakage of PMCR F2000 (4.06 and 3.95) displayed to be higher than the marginal leakage observed for the materials Dyract AP (2.7 and 2.55) and Filtek Z250 (2.25 and 2.43). The number of adhesive layers did not influence the degree of leakage of the three materials.
Comparative study of rules employed for calculation of pediatric drug dosage
Authors: Elias Gracieli Prado , Antoniali Cristina , Mariano Ronaldo Célio
Published: January 2006

The present study was conducted to evaluate the utilization of Clark's, Salisbury and Penna's rules and the Body Surface Area (BSA) formula for calculation of pediatric drug dosage, as well as their reliability and viability in the clinical use. These rules are frequently cited in the literature, but much controversy still exists with regards to their use. The pediatric drug dosage was calculated by utilization of the aforementioned rules and using the drugs Paracetamol, Dipyrone, Diclofenac Potassium, Nimesulide, Amoxicillin and Erythromycin, widely employed in Pediatric Dentistry. Weight and body surface areas were considered of children with ages between 1 and 12 years old as well as the dosage for the adult. The pediatric dosages achieved were compared to the predetermined dosages in mg kg-1 herein-named standard dosages. The results were submitted to the parametric test ANOVA and to the Tukey test (p<0,05). The antibiotics and Diclofenac provides acceptable utilization of the rules in pediatric dentistry, however for the Dipyrone, the dosages obtained by the rules suggest their clinical ineffectiveness. For the Paracetamol, the Penna's rule and the BSA formula should not be clinically employed, especially for children between 1 and 5 years old, once such dosages were much close to the hepatotoxic dosage of the drug. It can be concluded that the use of the rules for safe calculation of the pediatric drug dosage is possible and it depends on the used drug and age group.
Evaluation of fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with prefabricated posts and composites with varying quantities of remaining coronal tooth structure
Authors: Melo Murilo Pereira de , Valle Accácio Lins do , Pereira Jefferson Ricardo , Bonachela Wellington Cardoso , Pegoraro Luiz Fernando , Bonfante Gerson
Published: January 2006

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of remaining coronal tooth structure on endodontically treated teeth restored with prefabricated posts and two different composites for core build-up: dual-cured resin (Enforce Core) and light-cured resin (Z-250). METHODS: Fourty freshly extracted canines were endodontically treated and divided into four groups: Group I - teeth with 3mm remaining coronal structure, restored with Enforce Core; Group II - teeth with 3mm remaining coronal structure, restored with Z-250; Group III - teeth with no remaining coronal structure, restored with Enforce; Group IV - teeth with no remaining coronal structure, restored with Z-250. After restoration, the teeth were embedded in acrylic resin and the fracture resistance was measured on a universal testing machine at 45 degrees to the long axis of the tooth until failure. RESULTS: Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance, which showed significant differences between groups (p=0.00). The Tukey test did not show significant differences between specimens with and without remaining coronal structure. Conversely, significant difference was observed between groups with different core build-up. The highest values of fracture resistance were found in the group restored with light-cured resin. SIGNIFICANCE: The remaining coronal tooth structure did not influence the resistance of endodontically treated teeth; however, the change of core build-up was able to modify this resistence.
Surface tension of calcium hydroxide associated with different substances
Authors: Estrela Carlos , Estrela Cyntia Rodrigues de Araújo , Guimarães Luiz Fernando , Silva Reginaldo Santana , Pécora Jesus Djalma
Published: January 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface tension of calcium hydroxide (CH) associated with different substances (deionized distilled water, camphorated paramonochlorophenol, 2% chlorhexidine digluconate, Otosporin, 3% sodium lauryl ether sulphate; Furacin, PMC Furacin) using tensiometer. The action of the substances studied on the dentinal structure enhances the property of surface tension. This method consists in the application of force to separate a platinum ring immersed in the substances. Thus, torsion was applied to the screw until the platinum ring separated during substances testing. Considering the methodology applied, the following can be concluded: distilled water alone or associated with CH presented a high surface tension (70.00 and 68.40 dynes/cm); calcium hydroxide in association with anionic detergent showed low surface tension (31.60 dynes/cm); camphorated paramonochlorophenol plus CH presented low surface tension (37.50 dynes/cm); 2% chlorhexidine associated with calcium hydroxide showed high surface tension values (58.00 dynes/cm); Otosporin plus calcium hydroxide showed low surface tension (35.40 dynes/cm); paramonochlorophenol Furacin mixed with calcium hydroxide presented surface tension equal to 45.50 dynes/cm; sodium hypochlorite presented high surface tension (75.00 dynes/cm). Antimicrobial agents more indicated in endodontics, i.e. CH, chlorhexidine and hypochlorite, presented the highest surface tension.
Biosecurity in public and private office
Authors: Garbin Artênio José Isper , Garbin Cléa Adas Saliba , Arcieri Renato Moreira , Crossato Michel , Ferreira Nelly Foster
Published: January 2006

Biosecurity is currently a concern for all health-related services, including dentistry, since infection control has a relevant importance. In dental practice, health-related occupations have contact with a great number of individuals who are potentially capable to transmit pathogens. This study comprised a descriptive evaluation of the universal precaution measures for infection control adopted by dental practitioners working at public and private offices in the city of Araçatuba, SP. Data collection was performed by a quiz with questions about individual and collective protection equipments. The results showed that the use of caps was reported by 55% of the professionals working at the public sector and 90% for the private sector. The use of masks and gloves was reported by all professionals surveyed; nevertheless, glove change between patients was not reported by 40% of professionals working at the public sector. There were more flaws in public offices as to the use of protective barriers, since except for the use of gloves, gowns and masks, the frequency of use of those barriers was smaller than at private offices.
Comparative analisys of three different diagnostic methods to evaluate carious activity in a community basis
Authors: Cardoso Luciana , Barros Lisiane Christoff Corrêa de , Kramer Paulo Floriani , Rösing Cassiano Kuchenbecker , Costa Carolina Covolo da
Published: January 2006

The present research has made a comparison between three distinct methods to evaluate carious activity in a community basis. The studied method was based in a modified DMFS/dmfs index including non-cavitated lesions. Two factors were analyzed: the possible reproduction of the inclusion of carious activity criteria and the presence of bacterial plaque. Thus, the three study groups presented with plaque, after supervised self-performed plaque removal with dental toothbrush and without plaque after professional prophylaxis, which corresponded to three diagnostic methods. The three exams took place one week apart from each other. For this analysis, a modified DMFS/dmfs index was proposed with alterations in diagnostic criteria due to the inclusion of carious activity parameters. The study was performed in a group of 30 children aged 11 years old. According to the results, the diagnostic method for carious activity in the three situations was reproducible and can be considered a proper approach to perform caries diagnosis in a community basis.
Influence of light intensity and curing cycle on microleakage of Class V composite resin restorations
Authors: Santos Maria Jacinta M. Coelho , Souza Júnior Mário Honorato da Silva e , Santos Júnior Gildo Coelho , El-Mowafy Omar , Chedid Cavalcanti Ana Paula , Neme Carla Farah
Published: January 2006

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a softstart polymerization method from Quartz-Tungsten-Halogen (QTH) and Plasma Arc (PAC) curing units on microleakage of Class V composite resin restorations with dentin cavosurface margins. Seventy-five bovine incisors received standardized class V cavities in all dentin margins. Teeth were divided into 5 equal groups according to the curing cycle. The cavities were incrementally restored with a composite resin (Single Bond/Z-100, 3M). Light curing was applied as follows: Group I: PAC light continuous-cycle curing at 1600 mW/cm² for 3s; Group II: PAC light step-cycle curing (2s at 800 mW/cm² then 4s at 1600 mW/cm²); Group III: QTH light continuous-cycle curing at 400 mW/cm² for 40s; Group IV: QTH light ramp-cycle curing (from 100 to 600 mW/cm² in 15s followed by 25s at 600 mW/cm²); Group V: QTH light pulse-delay curing (200 mW/cm² for 3s followed by 3 min delay then 600 mW/cm² for 30s). Teeth were stored in distilled water at 37ºC for 30 days and then subjected to thermocycling for 500 cycles at 5 and 55ºC. Root apices were sealed and teeth coated with nail varnish before they were immersed in 0.5% fuchsine red dye solution. Teeth were then sectioned and slices were scanned with a computer scanner to determine the area of dye leakage using a computer program (Image Tools). Images of tooth slices were also visually examined under magnification and dye penetration along the tooth/restoration interface was scored. Significant differences in the degree of dye penetration and leakage were detected between groups (p<.05). Groups I and II had significantly higher values of dye penetration and leakage than groups III, IV and V. In conclusion, the use of PAC light curing in a continuous or step cycle modes resulted in increased microleakage of Class V resin composite restorations compared with medium intensity QTH light curing. Pulse, ramp and continuous-cycle curing modes with QTH light resulted in similar degrees of microleakage.
Cephalometric characterization of skeletal Class II, division 1 malocclusion in white Brazilian subjects
Authors: Freitas Marcos Roberto de , Santos Marcos Antonio Cirino dos , Freitas Karina Maria Salvatore de , Janson Guilherme , Freitas Daniel Salvatore de , Henriques José Fernando Castanha
Published: January 2006

One of the main points in Orthodontic studies is the growth and development of the craniofacial structures. In this study, skeletal cephalometric characteristics of Class II, division 1 malocclusion were assessed in lateral cephalograms. The experimental sample comprised 55 white Brazilian individuals of both genders, with an ANB angle of 4.5 degrees or higher. The mean age of the subjects was 13.5 years. Steiner and McNamara Jr cephalometric analyses were used in order to evaluate the relation between angular and linear positions of the apical bases, the dental and cranial structures, comparing with the values obtained in the control group (available at Bauru Dental School-USP). The results showed that, for the experimental group, the maxilla was well positioned in relation to the cranial base. The maxillomandibular relation showed an increased overjet, which was predictable based on criteria for sample selection. The geometrical proportion of the apical bases presented a small mandible and a normal sized maxilla. The craniofacial growth pattern presented a vertical tendency. The maxillary incisors were buccally inclined and well positioned by the linear evaluation. The mandibular incisors showed marked buccal inclination and protrusion. No statistically significant difference between genders was found.
Evaluation of the bleached human enamel by Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Miranda Carolina Baptista , Pagani Clovis , Benetti Ana Raquel , Matuda Fábio da Silva
Published: January 2006

Since bleaching has become a popular procedure, the effect of peroxides on dental hard tissues is of great interest in research. Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study was to perform a qualitative analysis of the human enamel after the application of in-office bleaching agents, using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Materials and Methods: Twenty intact human third molars extracted for orthodontic reasons were randomly divided into four groups (n=5) treated as follows: G1- storage in artificial saliva (control group); G2- four 30-minute applications of 35% carbamide peroxide (total exposure: 2h); G3- four 2-hour exposures to 35% carbamide peroxide (total exposure: 8h); G4- two applications of 35% hydrogen peroxide, which was light-activated with halogen lamp at 700mW/cm² during 7min and remained in contact with enamel for 20min (total exposure: 40min). All bleaching treatments adopted in this study followed the application protocols advised by manufacturers. Evaluation of groups submitted to 35% carbamide peroxide was carried out after two time intervals (30 minutes and 2 hours per session), following the extreme situations recommended by the manufacturer. Specimens were prepared for SEM analysis performing gold sputter coating under vacuum and were examined using 15kV at 500x and 2000x magnification. Results: Morphological alterations on the enamel surface were similarly detected after bleaching with either 35% carbamide peroxide or 35% hydrogen peroxide. Surface porosities were characteristic of an erosive process that took place on human enamel. Depression areas, including the formation of craters, and exposure of enamel rods could also be detected. Conclusion: Bleaching effects on enamel morphology were randomly distributed throughout enamel surface and various degrees of enamel damage could be noticed. Clinical significance: In-office bleaching materials may adversely affect enamel morphology and therefore should be used with caution.
Correlation study of plaque and gingival indexes of mothers and their children
Authors: Ramires-Romito Ana Cláudia Durante , Oliveira Luciana Butini , Romito Giuseppe Alexandre , Mayer Márcia Pinto Alves , Rodrigues Célia Regina Martins Delgado
Published: January 2006

This study aimed to compare the periodontal condition between plaque and gingival indexes in 30 pairs of mother and child with mixed dentition, as well as to correlate the findings with some of their social and oral hygiene habits. Mother's and child's plaque and gingival indexes were recorded during clinical examination. Periapical and bitewing radiographs were taken in order to assess the presence of any pathologic bone loss. Questionnaires answered by the mothers were used to collect information regarding the mother's and the child's habits of tooth hygiene and the mother's job, instruction level and family income. The data collected from the mothers' group and from the children's group were statistically analyzed both separately and with the two groups together. From the statistical analyses (Pearson correlation test, student test and Covariance analysis), it was possible to conclude that there was a greater correlation between the plaque and gingival indexes in the mothers' group than in the children's group. No significant correlation between plaque and gingival indexes could be found between the pairs. Also, bone loss and plaque and gingival indexes in the children did not show any correlation. The mothers' plaque indexes increased with age and decreased when they flossed everyday and when they had a job. The children's plaque indexes were lower when they had their tooth hygiene done by their mothers, when the latter had declared that they flossed their children's teeth everyday, and also when the mothers had a job. Children's gingival indexes increased with age and decreased when they brushed their teeth more often, when their mothers had a job and when their mothers declared they are used to flossing every day.
Speech resonance in orthognathic surgery in subjects with cleft lip and palate
Authors: Niemeyer Trixy Cristina , Gomes Adriana de Oliveira Camargo , Fukushiro Ana Paula , Genaro Katia Flores
Published: January 2006

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of maxillary advancement on speech resonance in subjects with cleft lip and palate. The study sample was composed of 42 subjects aged 16 to 41 years old with operated cleft palate ± lip submitted to maxillary advancement. Resonance was evaluated before and 3 to 12 months after surgery by perceptual analysis and graduated from absent to severe. It was observed that 47.5% of the subjects presented impairment of resonance after orthognathic surgery, with a confidence interval (at 95%) from 31.5% to 63.9%. These results suggest that orthognathic surgery in individuals with cleft palate may interfere in resonance, causing, or increasing the degree of hypernasality. Therefore, this highlights the importance of the orientation about the risks and benefits of maxillary advancement surgery and follow-up of these patients.
Evaluation of radioprotective effect of carnosine (beta- alanyl-1- histidine) on the wound healing in rats
Authors: Tanaka Rosana Aramaki , Ramos Flávia Maria de Moraes , Almeida Solange Maria de , Vizioli Mário Roberto , Bóscolo Frab Norberto
Published: January 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radioprotective effect of carnosine (beta- alanyl-1-histidine) on the wound healing in rats. Therefore, 48 male rats were submitted to a surgical procedure to perform a rectangular wound in the anterior-dorsal region. The animals were divided into 4 experimental groups randomly chosen: control; irradiated; carnosine irradiated and carnosine group. The irradiated and carnosine irradiated group were exposed to a dose (6Gy) of gamma irradiation, in the whole body, 72 hours after surgery. The carnosine and carnosine irradiated groups, in addition to the surgical procedure and the irradiation, received two doses of carnosine aqueous solution, the first one being injected 48 hours after surgery, and the second one 1 hour and 30 minutes before irradiation. The tissue repair of the 4 groups was evaluated at 4, 7, 14, and 21 days after inflicting the wound, by morphological, histochemical and histophysical methods. At all examined periods, it could be observed that the animals from the carnosine irradiated group presented a better developed granulation tissue than the irradiated group and closely similar to that of the control group. Thus, under the experimental conditions used, it was possible to conclude that carnosine is an effective radioprotective substance.
The effect of specimen dimensions on the flexural strength of a composite resin
Authors: Muench Antonio , Correa Ivo Carlos , Grande Rosa Helena Miranda , João Mário
Published: January 2006

PUORPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of specimen dimensions on the flexural strength of a composite resin (Heliomolar RO). METHODS: The different dimensions tested - length x width x height (mm) were: 25x2x4; 25x2x2 (ISO 4049); 15x2x2; 10x2x2 and 10x2x1. Light-curing was performed at 600 mW/cm² for 40s, three times along the 25mm specimens, twice along 15mm specimen and once for the 10mm specimens. Specimens of all dimensions were light-cured on both surfaces, or only on one side. In the latter, the load was applied on the irradiated side or on the opposite one. RESULTS: It was shown that the flexural strength was not affected by specimen length. When light-curing was performed on both surfaces, similar flexural strength values were obtained for any dimension. Despite the number of irradiated surfaces, specimens with a height of 1mm also obtained similar values. On the contrary, specimens with a height of 4mm, exposed only on one surface, reached the lowest strength. CONCLUSION: The use of specimens with lower dimensions can lead to flexural strength values similar to the ones obtained with standardized specimen (ISO 4049), with the advantage of demanding less amount of material and being less time consuming.
Avaliação da microinfiltração marginal e profundidade de penetração dos cimentos de ionômero de vidro utilizados como selantes oclusais
Authors: Fracasso Marina de Lourdes Calvo , Rios Daniela , Machado Maria Aparecida Andrade Moreira , Silva Salete Moura Bonifácio da , Abdo Ruy César Camargo
Published: January 2006

OBJETIVE: the aim of this study was to conduct an in vitro comparison of marginal microleakage (MM) and the depth of penetration (DP) of glass ionomer cements (GIC) and a resin sealant (RS) into occlusal pit and fissures. METHODS: for that purpose, 60 intact third molars were equally distributed to 5 groups: G1 - 37% phosphoric acid / Delton; G2 - 40% polyacrylic acid / Ketac-Molar / nail varnish; G3 - Fuji Plus conditioner / Fuji Plus/ nail varnish; G4 -37% phosphoric acid / Vitremer / Finishing gloss; G5 -37% phosphoric acid / Vitremer prepared with a 1:4 ratio of powder / Finishing gloss. The teeth were submitted to a thermal treatment corresponding to 300 cycles (15 sec, 5/55(0)C), followed by complete coating with nail varnish, except for 1mm beyond the contour of the sealant. Afterwards, the teeth were immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsine for 24 hours. Thereafter, the teeth were sectioned in buccolingual direction and microscopically analyzed (150x magnification) by means of predetermined scores. The results were subject to the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: there was no statistical difference between the materials tested in relation to the DP, being that all groups displayed nearly complete filling of the fissures. No sealant material was able to prevent dye penetration; however, the GICs provided better results of MM, with significant difference when compared to the RS. CONCLUSION: all materials investigated presented a satisfactory degree of penetration into the fissures; however, the glass ionomer cements displayed better performance in the marginal microleakage test compared to the resin sealant.
Evaluation of the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and the microelectric neurostimulation (MENS) in the treatment of myogenic temporomandibular disorders: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kogawa Evelyn Mikaela , Kato Melissa Thiemi , Santos Carlos Neanes , Conti Paulo César Rodrigues
Published: January 2006

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and the microelectric neurostimulation (MENS) in the treatment of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sample of 19 individuals presenting with signs and symptoms of myogenic TMD was randomly divided into two groups (I - LLLT and II - MENS). Therapy was done in 10 sessions, three times a week, for one month. Patients were evaluated by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), measurement of active range of motion (AROM) and muscle palpation, performed immediately before and 5 minutes after each therapeutic session by a blinded TMD specialist. The ANOVA for repeated measurements and Mann-Whitney tests were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: The results showed an increase in maximum mouth opening and a decrease in tenderness to palpation for both groups. The VAS reduced for both groups, although more evident for the laser group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Authors concluded that both therapies were effective as part of the TMD treatment, and the cumulative effect may have been responsible for this fact. However, caution is recommended when judging the results due to the self-limiting aspect of musculoskeletal conditions such as TMD.
Is there morphological difference between branchiomeric and somitic muscles submitted to alcohol consumption? An experimental study in rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Andreo Jesus Carlos , Santos Nícolas Bertolaccini dos , Moraes Luis Henrique Rapucci , Andreo Matheus Bermejo , Andreo Thiago Bermejo , Andreo Camile Bermejo , Rodrigues Antonio de Castro
Published: January 2006

Alcoholism is considered a physical dependence disorder. More than 18 million people are alcoholics in the USA and England and between 1/3 to ½ of them present some kind of physical disorder. In general the literature is focused on alcoholic trunk muscle disorders. These muscles have different embryological origins if compared to the masticatory muscles. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of alcohol on the masticatory muscles in order to compare them with the somitic muscles. For this purpose, 15 male Wistar rats weighing around 250g were used. The rats were divided into three groups: Normal control (N), Alcoholic (A) and Isocaloric (I). Slices of the masseter muscle, temporalis muscle and rectus abdominal muscle were harvested and submitted to histochemical reactions (m-ATPase: acid and alkaline pre incubation and NADH-TR). The myofibers were classified in SO, FOG and FG. The results showed atrophy of the fast fibers (FG and FOG) in the masticatory muscles but this atrophy was not statistically significant in this study (p< 0.05). On the other hand, significant atrophy occurred in the rectus abdominal muscle (p<0.05). Based on these data it can concluded that the effect of alcohol on the branchiomeric jaw elevator muscles (masseter and temporalis muscles) is different compared to the effect on somitic muscle (rectus abdominal muscle).
Relationship between dental caries and socio-economic factors in adolescents
Authors: Gushi Lívia Litsue , Soares Maria da Candelária , Forni Tania Izabel Bighetti , Vieira Vladen , Wada Ronaldo Seichi , Sousa Maria da Luz Rosário de
Published: January 2006

Dental caries has a multifactorial etiology, including socio-economic variables and access to dental care, which were discussed in the national survey conducted in 2002. The aim of this study was to investigate the socio-economic aspects and access to dental care, associated with caries prevalence and severity in adolescents from the State of São Paulo. The study design was cross-sectional, on which data on 1,825 adolescents aged 15 to 19 years achieved from the data of an epidemiological survey conducted in the State of São Paulo in 2002 were analyzed. Epidemiological exams and interviews with previously formulated questions were used in the survey. The Significant Caries Index (SiC Index) was utilized to determine the group with higher caries experience. Frequency distribution and chi-square association tests were carried out in order to evaluate the relationship between independent variables and the dependent variable (DMFT). Confidence intervals and odds ratio (OR) were estimated. The risk factors pointed as indicators of presence of dental caries were as follows: not being a student, studying at public schools, family income lower than 5 Brazilian minimum wages. Moreover, not having an own house or a car seemed to contribute to caries experience. With regard to the access to public dental care, the adolescents assisted at public centers and looking for emergency dental care had the higher caries experience. Thus, the results showed that social deprivation is associated with caries experience in adolescents from the State of São Paulo.
Rationale for referring class II patients for early orthodontic treatment
Authors: Miguel José Augusto Mendes , Cunha Deise Lima , Calheiros Anderson de Albuquerque , Koo Daniel
Published: January 2006

The tendency of indicating early treatment (before growth spurt) when dealing with Angle Class II cases has been noticed, although there is no definite scientific evidence to justify such decision. The aim of this study was to identify the advantages and disadvantages to this approach and which appliances are used for this purpose. For that purpose, a questionnaire containing full records of a Class II patient was sent to two professors of each Orthodontic graduate program in Brazil (n=96, total 192), from which 107 were properly answered. Results demonstrated that the most used appliances were the headgear (80.4%), maxillary splint (50%) and Bionator (44.4%). The benefits most often quoted were increase of patient self-esteem (78.5%) and reduction in the incidence of incisors trauma (63.6%), while the main disadvantage was saturation of patient compliance (73.8%). Considering early Class II treatment, there is still no unanimity as to treating in one or two stages or in selection of appliances. However, the orthodontists should consider the physical situation of the patient, severity of cases and susceptibility of trauma to the maxillary incisors. It is crucial that updated information is given to parents, in order to justify this approach.
Histological analysis of the periapical tissues of dog deciduous teeth after root canal filling with diferent materials
Authors: Murata Sueli Satomi , Holland Roberto , Souza Valdir de , Dezan Junior Eloi , Grossi Juliana Aguiar de , Percinoto Célio
Published: January 2006

The problem of finding an ideal material for filling root canals of deciduous teeth has not been solved yet. This fact led to the development of an experiment to histologically analyze the periapical tissue reaction to 3 root canal filling materials. Eighty root canals of dog deciduous anterior teeth from 6 animals, 60 days old, were used in this study. After biomechanical preparation, the root canals were filled with the following materials: slowly resorbable Maisto paste, Sealer 26 with iodoform, L&C paste (calcium hydroxide with olive oil) and as a control group, canals that were prepared but not filled. At thirty days after the treatment the animals were killed and the teeth prepared for histological analysis. The materials were ranked statistically from the best to the worst as follows: a - Maisto paste, b - Sealer 26 with iodoform, c - control group, d - L&C paste. There was significant difference (p = 0.01) only when the results of the other groups were compared with the L&C paste group. It was also observed that L&C paste was not biologically compatible and that the other materials were biocompatible but their resorption was not at the same rate as that of the deciduous teeth roots.
Avaliação funcional pulmonar em crianças e adolescentes asmáticos: comparação entre a micro espirometria e a espirometria convencional
Authors: Wild Lúcia Bartmann , Dias Alexandre Simões , Fischer Gilberto Bueno , Rech Daniele Ruzzante
Published: January 2006

INTRODUÇÃO: A espirometria é muito utilizada no diagnóstico e na quantificação dos distúrbios ventilatórios como a asma. O micro espirômetro é um equipamento portátil e de fácil utilização que pode substituir o espirômetro convencional, embora existam poucas evidências de sua acurácia. OBJETIVO: Comparar o micro espirômetro com o espirômetro convencional em crianças e adolescentes asmáticos. MÉTODO: Os aparelhos utilizados foram o Micro Spirometer, da marca Micro Medical, e o espirômetro convencional Cosmed-Pony graphic 3.5, ambos com turbinômetros (sensores de fluxo). Foram incluídos na amostra 62 crianças e adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, com idades compreendidas entre cinco e dezesseis anos, com diagnóstico clínico de asma, em acompanhamento em serviço de Pneumologia. Os exames espirométricos foram realizados dentro das normas da American Thoracic Society e da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas. Primeiro realizou-se a micro espirometria e em seguida, com o mesmo paciente, realizou-se a espirometria convencional. Os parâmetros analisados em ambos os aparelhos foram: capacidade vital forçada, volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo e pico de fluxo expiratório. Os dados foram analisados através do teste t de Student (pareado) e do teste de correlação de Pearson. RESULTADOS: Obteve-se forte correlação entre os parâmetros analisados nos dois aparelhos: para volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo r = 0,97, para capacidade vital forçada r = 0,97, e para pico de fluxo expiratório r = 0,91. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados demonstraram que o micro espirômetro é um equipamento diagnóstico útil, que pode ser utilizado quando o espirômetro convencional não estiver disponível.
Influência do tamanho do frasco de tuberculina nos resultados da prova tuberculínica
Authors: Ruffino-Netto Antonio , Kritski Afranio Lineu , Teixeira Eleny Guimarães , Loredo Carla Conceição dos Santos , Souza Danielle Novelo de , Trajman Anete
Published: January 2006

INTRODUÇÃO: A solução de tuberculina é armazenada em frascos de diferentes tamanhos. Sua adsorção ao frasco pode influenciar o resultado da prova tuberculínica. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do tamanho do frasco de armazenamento da tuberculina nos resultados obtidos na prova tuberculínica. MÉTODO: Sessenta e três pacientes internados com diagnóstico de tuberculose ativa foram submetidos a duas provas tuberculínicas simultâneas, em ambos os antebraços. A técnica usada foi a de Mantoux e consistiu na aplicação de 0,1 ml de tuberculina armazenada em frascos de 5 ml ou de 1,5 ml, no antebraço direito e no antebraço esquerdo, de forma aleatória. A leitura da induração foi efetuada de forma cega por um único leitor treinado previamente. As leituras com diferenças de até 2 mm foram consideradas resultados concordantes. RESULTADOS: Vinte e um pacientes não tiveram induração e foram excluídos da análise. Entre os 42 pacientes restantes, a média dos diâmetros das indurações obtidas nas provas com tuberculina armazenada nos frascos grandes foi maior do que as obtidas com a armazenada em frascos pequenos. A concordância entre as leituras foi obtida em 40,5% delas (17/42), e a diferença foi negativa (frasco grande menor que frasco pequeno) em 16,7% (7/42) e positiva em 42,9% delas (18/42). CONCLUSÃO: O tamanho do frasco de armazenamento da tuberculina pode influenciar o resultado da prova tuberculínica. A adsorção da tuberculina à parede do frasco pode explicar o fenômeno. Os autores alertam para o impacto dessas variações nos estudos epidemiológicos e operacionais.
Perturbação respiratória durante o sono em doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica
Authors: Krieger Ana C.
Published: January 2006

A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica é uma condição freqüente e é hoje a quarta principal causa de mortes nos Estados Unidos. A prevalência de perturbação respiratória durante o sono, ou síndrome de superposição, como anteriormente denominada, ainda não foi determinada devido à publicação de relatos conflitantes. Esta condição deve continuar sendo investigada devido aos efeitos adversos causados por transtornos respiratórios relacionados ao sono em pacientes com doença pulmonar de base. Neste relato, discutiremos brevemente os mecanismos envolvidos na origem da perturbação respiratória durante o sono em doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica e auxiliaremos o leitor a distinguir àqueles pacientes que se beneficiariam de uma avaliação do padrão do sono mais detalhada, com a discussão de tópicos de gerenciamento e opções de tratamento.
Histiocitose de células de Langerhans: rápida resolução após cessação do tabagismo
Authors: Chatkin José Miguel , Silva Vinicius D. , Fritscher Carlos C. , Fiterman Jussara , Reck Cláudia
Published: January 2006

Descreve-se um caso de histiocitose pulmonar de células de Langerhans com relação estreita entre cessação do tabagismo e melhora radiológica. A tomografia computadorizada de alta resolução revelava múltiplos nódulos pequenos localizados em lobos superiores e campos médios de ambos os pulmões. O exame microscópico dessas lesões mostrava infiltração histiocitária, que se corava fortemente pela proteína S100. Apesar de a remissão espontânea poder ser uma possível explicação para essa evolução, este relato de caso mostra um rápido desaparecimento das lesões após o abandono do tabagismo.
Rim intratorácico ectópico
Authors: Beraldo Claudinei Leôncio , Magalhães Eugênio Fernandes de , Martins Demétrius Tierno , Coutinho Douglas Silva , Tiburzio Lívia Silva , Ribeiro Neto Mário
Published: January 2006

O rim ectópico intratorácico é uma anomalia rara. De todas as ectopias renais é a mais rara (p = 0,005%). Relata-se um caso de ectopia renal intratorácica em um homem negro de 83 anos, que procurou atendimento médico com quadro clínico compatível com enfisema pulmonar. Foi solicitado radiograma de tórax, que evidenciou uma massa, diagnosticada por tomografia computadorizada como ectopia renal. A maioria dos casos de rim torácico aparece como uma tumoração intratorácica encontrada em radiogramas de tórax solicitados por qualquer outra razão alheia à suspeita dessa anomalia, e não necessita de tratamento específico.
Utilidade de um escore e de variáveis indicativas de drenagem pleural em crianças com derrame pleural parapneumônico
Authors: Moreira Gláucia de Oliveira , Ribeiro José Dirceu , Tresoldi Antonia Terezinha
Published: January 2006

INTRODUÇÃO: A decisão pela drenagem do derrame pleural parapneumônico em crianças é controversa. Uma parceria entre pediatras e cirurgiões deu origem a um escore indicativo de drenagem torácica. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a utilidade do escore na indicação de drenagem torácica para tratamento do derrame pleural parapneumônico em crianças e adolescentes. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal retrospectivo, com 250 pacientes internados com derrame pleural parapneumônico, em hospital de referência terciário (1994 a 1999). As variáveis estudadas foram: condições clínicas, radiogramas torácicos, exames bacteriológicos e bioquímicos do líquido pleural, escore e tratamento. O escore baseava-se em quatro categorias: aspecto macroscópico do fluido pleural, radiograma de tórax, exames laboratoriais e segunda toracocentese. Escore > 5,5 era indicativo de drenagem torácica. RESULTADOS: Derrame pleural parapneumônico ocorreu em 304 das 941 crianças com pneumonia (32,2%). Das 250 incluídas, 146 eram do sexo masculino (58,4%), com média de idade de três anos (mediana de dois). Os valores de corte obtidos na Receiver operating characteristic para sugerir drenagem pleural foram: pH < 7,29 (sensibilidade de 89,2%; especificidade de 76,5%), escore > 5,0 (sensibilidade de 68,7%; especificidade de 81,7%); tanto estes valores quanto os relatados na literatura de pH < 7,0 e glicose < 40 relacionaram-se à necessidade de drenagem (p = 0,001). A desidrogenase lática não se mostrou bom parâmetro para indicação de drenagem. CONCLUSÃO: Além do aspecto purulento, pH < 7,29 e escore foram os melhores preditores de drenagem em pacientes pediátricos com derrame pleural parapneumônico. Entretanto, sugere-se readequar alguns dos itens do escore, para sua melhor aplicação.