bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of Different Varieties/ Hybrids of Zinnia (Zinnia elegans l.) under Prayagraj Agro-climatic Conditions
Authors: Kharjana Evashisha , Fatmi Urfi
Published: August 2022

An experiment entitled "Performance of different varieties/hybrids of Zinnia (Zinnia elegans L.) under Prayagraj agro-climatic conditions" was conducted at Horticultural Research Field, Department of Horticulture, Naini agricultural institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj in the year 2022 to identify the most suitable variety/hybrid or successful cultivation and the longest blooming period under Prayagraj agro-climatic conditions. Six varieties and one hybrid namely, Zinnia Orange, Zinnia Purple, Zinnia White, Zinnia Red, Zinnia Yellow, Zinnia Double Yellow (Hybrid), and Zinnia Illuminated Deep Rose were selected for their evaluation. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 3 replications. The highest plant height (53 cm) and plant spread (43.1 cm) in the variety Zinnia Illumination Deep Rose were observed. However, the number of primary branches (5.3) in the variety Zinnia White was observed. Whereas, minimum days to first bud initiation (14.2 days), first flowering (29.7 days), and 50% of flowering (32.3 days) in variety Zinnia White were recorded. The maximum number of flowers per plant (12.7), flower diameter (8.4 cm), and duration of blooming (34.8 days) in the variety Zinnia Illumination Deep Rose were recorded.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) on Growth Parameters and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Patyal Anjali , Shekhar Chandra , Sachan Ravindra , Kumar Deepak , Yadav Ankit , Kumar Gyanendra
Published: August 2022

An experiment was conducted during spring season of 2021-22 at Agronomy Research Farm, Dolphin PG college of Science and Agriculture Chunni Kalan, Fatehgarh Sahib Punjab, India. The experiment consists of fourteen treatments were laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replication. The obtained results revealed that the growth parameters were significantly influenced by different integrated nutrient management at successive growth stages of wheat crop except 30 days. The growth rate of the experimented plants were increased progressively with increase in duration of wheat crop. Growth rate was maximized up to 90 days and followed by a slightly increase in growth was obtained up to harvest. Among the treatment evaluated, 100% RDF +25% N through (vermicompost) + ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 proved to found better with respect to plant height ( 92.25 cm), dry matter accumulation (274.65 g m-2) and number tillers m-2 (92.43 m-2) at harvest stage in respective years. Leaf area index was measured tended to maximum at 60 days. The minimum growth parameters were observed under control. Maximum grain yield (55.32 q ha-1), straw yield (81.14 q ha-1), biological yield (136.46 q ha-1) and harvest index (40.53 %) was associated with the plot fertilized with 100% RDF +25% N through (vermicompost)+ ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1
In vitro Availability of Macro Nutrients in Various North Indian Soils by Application of Biochar
Authors: Singh Akansha , Dhyani B. P. , Shahi U. P. , Kumar Vipin , Kumar Satendra , Rana N. S. , Tomer Akash , Singh Anand
Published: August 2022

The use of organic amendments is popular these days therefore we conducted a study on biochar in various North Indian region soils under pot culture to evaluate the changes in soil characteristics. Four types of soils taken for 75 days during Kharif and Rabi season were studied, out of which Soil-1 is slightly acidic while Soil-2 to Soil-4 are alkaline. The soil samples were collected thrice at the interval of 25 days using standard procedures and analyzed for various macronutrients (pH, EC, OC, N, P, and K) essential for plants in the laboratory. The change in status of available NPK in soils and other soil properties like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and organic carbon (OC) content due to inoculation of biochar was assessed. Results reveal that all treatments having biochar leads to an increase in the content of available N, P, and K together with OC. There recorded a slight elevation in EC initially at 25th DAI due to its inoculation. The pH during the initial period had reduced but later on rise as the number of DAI increased.
Effect of Salinity on Growth and Yield of Barley
Authors: Patel Nida Abdulrashid , Attri Meenakshi , Mehta Swati , N. Shelar D. , Srivastava Hritik
Published: August 2022

The present study was conducted during season of 2017-2018 at Agricultural Research Farm, School of Agriculture, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India. To assess individual performance in saline water conditions, ten barley cultivars were produced in the field: RD 2715, RD 2035, RD 2592, RD 2849, RD 2860, RD 2552, RD 2668, RD 2097, BH 946, RD 2052. According to the findings, out of the ten cultivars, RD 2552 considerably recorded the highest plant population, growth characteristics, and ultimately increased grain(45.21 q ha-1) as well as straw yield of barley.
Factors Affecting Pediculosis capitis Transmission among Primary School Children
Authors: Alarifi Salim Ali , Alsdae Ghait , A. Duweb Gamal
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Human head lice infest people worldwide and are most prevalent in children. Outbreaks of head lice more commonly affect children 3 to 12 years old, with girls being affected more commonly than boys. The aim is to study the factors affecting transmission of the disease among the school children in villages in Benghazi - Libya.

Patients and Methods: In a cross-sectional study in western region of Benghazi, 556 students in three schools from Alhlys, Alatry and Abofakra regions were enrolled. The ages of children ranged from 6 to 13 years. Data collected include socio-demographic characteristics of the students, sex, age, school and hair were examined individually for head lice infestation in a separate room. Descriptive analysis and Chi-square test was used to determine the statistical significance of p-value ≤ 0.05.

Results: The data were collected on 556 students from the 3 villages: 39.7% from Al-Helys, 28.8% from Al-Tarya and 31.5% from Abofakra regions. The age of children ranged from 6 to13 years. Female children were more than 50%. The mean of family size was 7±2 persons, number of bedroom in houses ranged from 1-5 rooms.. Sharing of personal equipment such as hair comb and linen was reported in 33.5% of families. Pediculosis capitis manifestation was reported in 26.3% of the participants. The prevalence of pediculosis capitis was 19.5% in Al-Helys, 35.6% in Al-Tarya and 26.3% in Bo-Fakra; this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) . The prevalence of pediculosis capitis in males was 10.2%, while in females was 41.8% , this difference was highly statistically significant (p =0.0001) The highest prevalence of pediculosis capitis was in age of 11 years old (42.9%), followed by age of 10 years old (36.6%). There were no reported cases at the age of 6 and 13 years. There was no effect of parent occupation or education level on pediculosis infestation transmission.

Conclusion: The present study revealed that, Pediculosis capitis was prevalent in school children, more in females. Furthermore pediculosis was higher in certain villages than others.
Impact of Hours of Exposure to Cement on Haemostatic Parameters among Cement Workers
Authors: Nyebuchi Jonathan , Ngowari Jeremiah Owubokiri , Adjekuko Collins Ohwonigho , Okur Adams Matthew , Jumbo Mieiwari Ibifubara
Published: August 2022

Inhaling cement dust has been linked to changes in the health integrity of vulnerable groups. This study was focused at evaluating the impact of hourly exposure to cement dust on haemostatic markers in cement workers in Port Harcourt. One hundred subjected working at cement depot and sites were recruited for the study and were divided into three study groups based on hours of exposure to cement dust during work. Group 1 was 27 subjects with 1-5hourly exposure, Group 2 was 62 subjects with 6-10hourly exposure and the last group was Group 3 containing 11 subjects with over 10hours of exposure. Subjects were selected by convenient sampling technique. Blood samples were drawn using venipuncture method and samples were collected into trisodium citrate and plain bottles for PT, APTT, fibrinogen and Von Willebrand factor and D-dimer respectively. PT and APTT were assayed using manual methods but other studied parameters were assayed using ELISA. ANOVA result showed that the mean values of PT level among the classes were 15.58 ±2.11; 16.29 ±4.07 and 16.17 ±2.07 and were not significantly different (p=0.6775). Mean values for APTT level among the classes were 35.09 ±10.06; 32.62 ±9.61 and 33.00 ±12.74 but not significantly different (p=0.5695). VWF level among the classes were 69.62 ±36.89; 64.23 ±31.32 and 71.92 ±16.17 but not significantly different (p=0.6396). D-Dimer level among the classes were 496.60 ±490.00; 457.60 ±409.80 and 519.20 ±357.70 but statistically non-significant (p=0.8661). Fibrinogen level among the classes were 4.74 ±4.63; 5.33 ±4.67 and 6.53 ±6.09 but statistically not significant (p=0.6604). There was no significant difference in haemostatic markers levels among the groups (P-value>0.05). This study has shown that hourly exposure to cement dust does not have any key effect on haemostatic markers of cement workers in Port Harcourt.
Evaluating the Postoperative Results of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in Triventricular Hydrocephalus by Correlation of Clinical Outcome and Magnetic Resonance Dynamic Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Flowmetry
Authors: S. Amel Sweilam , S. Hytham El Atrozy , E. Sherief Elkheshin , A. Magdy Al Mahalawy
Published: August 2022

Background: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is surgical procedure that is operated for management of obstructive hydrocephalus and regained popularity with large number of promising results.

Aim: To evaluate the outcome of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy by correlation between clinical outcome and MRI cerebrospinal fluid flowmetry postoperatively.

Patients and Methods: This study was conducted in Department of Neurosurgery at Tanta University from January 2018 to January 2020. It included 25 patients with triventricular hydrocephalus with different etiologies. All patients were subjected to history taking, complete physical, neurological examination, routine preoperative laboratory investigations, radiological investigations e.g. non contrast CT and MRI of the brain. Patients underwent surgery according to the exact cause of hydrocephalus, which was known and identified by neuroimaging and endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Outcome assessment was done by neurological evaluation for resolution of their clinical symptoms and a shunt free stable clinical status. Patients were evaluated once weekly for the first month then monthly for the first 3 months and the patients were finally evaluated at the end of the 6th month postoperatively.

Results: Of  25 patients,  9 patients (36%) with Aqueduct stenosis, 1 patient (4%) with Brain stem glioma, 1patient (4%) with Brain stem tumor, 5 patients (20%) with PF tumor, 6 patients (24%) with Pineal tumor, 1patient (4%) with Thalamic glioma, 1patient (4%) with Tectal glioma and 1only one patient (4%) with Chiari 1 malformation.92% had Patent ETV stoma with adequate flow: OFA value >75 μL, 8% had Patent ETV stoma with low flow: OFA value from 25 up to <75 μL. The mean Headache VAS Preoperative was 6.08 (±1.04 SD). the baseline mean Evan's Ventricular ratio was 0.34 ± 0.02 and 60% of cases had papilledema. Blurring of vision was present in 60% of cases, headache in 100% of cases and vomiting was present in 60% of cases.

Conclusions: Dynamic MRI of CSF flow provides reliable and immediate information on the efficacy of ETV, in addition to the flow-void presence at the level of the 3rd ventricle floor fenestration in both midsagittal and perpendicular plane, even in the absence of phase-contrast techniques which is significantly correlated with clinical signs and symptoms improvement in the patients.
Study of CD 47 Expression in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Abdelnaby Enjy Emam , Gawaly Amr Mohamed , Mabrouk Maaly Mohamed , El-Din Hazzaa Sahar Mohey
Published: August 2022

Background: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia affecting adults, and its frequency increases with age. CD47 may not only be valuable biomarker to recognize leukemic stem cells (LSCs) but also may denote a clinically relevant pathogenetic factor of disease. The aim of this work was to study the expression of CD47 in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and to identify its role as a prognostic marker.

Methods: The present study was carried out on 40 newly diagnosed untreated AML patients. AML patients were divided into two groups according to status of expression: Negative Group including patients expressing CD47 on less than 20% of their blast cells (28 patients) and positive Group including patients expressing CD47 on 20 % or more of their blast cells (12 patients). All patients were subjected to laboratory investigation for detection of CD47 expression m bone marrow aspirate and venous blood samples of AML patients by flowcytometry.

Results: Complete remission was found in 2 patients (16.67%), 6 patients relapsed (50%) and 4 patients died (33.33%) of 12 cases that had exhibited CD47 positive expression. Kaplan-Meier Survival curve shows significant higher overall survival and disease-free survival in negative CD47 expression group than in positive CD47 expression group.

Conclusions: Positive CD47 expression levels are associated with a poor outcome in AML patients and its expression can be easily determined in routine flow cytometric analysis. Therefore, it should be regularly investigated as a bad prognostic factor for the assessment of AML patients.
Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Evaluation of Ankle Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Esmail Atia Dina Shaban , Dawoud Mohammed Mahmoud , ELaziz Alsiagy Ali Abd , Elshafey Khaled Ismail
Published: August 2022

Background: Ankle impingement is the painful mechanical restriction of complete ankle range of motion caused by an osseous or soft-tissue deformity. Ankle impingement syndromes are prevalent and significant post-traumatic sources of morbidity in professional and amateur sports. The aim of this research is to evaluate the role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in diagnosis of ankle impingement syndromes.

Methods: This prospective study was performed on 40 consecutive patients aged from 20 to 55 years old, with clinical diagnosis of ankle impingement, 21 (52.5%) of them were males and 19 (47.5%) were females. All patients were subjected to full history taking [personal history, history of present illness (onset, course and duration; pain, swelling, limitation of movement, and other symptoms)], clinical Examination was carried out by the colleagues in the Orthopaedic department and MRI examination where all patients were examined with closed superconductive 1.5 T magnet (GE SIGNA Explorer), using the extremity coils.

Results: 26 out of the 28 cases with clinically suspected posterior impingement were correctly diagnosed by MRI (sensitivity of 92.86%, specificity of 100% and accuracy of 92.86%) and other two cases showed synovial effusion. 3 out of the 4 cases with clinically suspected anterolateral impingement were correctly diagnosed by MRI (sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 100% and accuracy of 75%) and other case showed sinus tarsi. All the 4 cases with clinically suspected anterior, anterolateral impingement were correctly diagnosed by MRI (sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 100% and accuracy of 100%). Totally, MRI sensitivity in diagnosis impingement was 92.5%, specificity was 100% and accuracy was 92.5%).

Conclusions: MRI exhibits excellent overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in the diagnosis of ankle impingement. MRI displays rather definite anatomic and pathologic details, with outstanding outlining of both bony and soft tissue structures. Moreover, it assists in the exclusion of other mimic similar conditions.
Validation of Sentiment Markers Extracted by Using Machine Learning: Twitter Mining of COVID-19
Authors: Lee Ji-Young , Lee Hogan Hojin , Lee Jae Eun , Sung Jung Hye
Published: August 2022

Although sentiment analysis for COVID-19 tweets is becoming popular, no study has mined a sentiment other than polarity. This study aims to extract ‘disaster’ sentiment by using various machine learning models, statistically validate sentiment markers extracted by deep learning, and discuss the potentials of ‘disaster’ as valid sentiment marker.

A total of 7,613 disaster tweets from Kaggle site were utilized to train nine machine learning models. A total of 15,619 tweets in English sent from USA were downloaded using streaming API with keywords of Covid, and Omicron, respectively and were classified into disaster/non-disaster categories using the four best performing models: MNB, deep learning, USE and BERT. Principal component analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis were performed to determine the psychometric properties.

Cronbach Alpha for 13 sentiment markers was 0.71. All 4 machine learning markers were loaded in a factor. A higher level of unfavorable emotions (e.g., fear), a lower level of favorable emotions (e.g., joy), and a higher level of negative polarity were found during surging Omicron variants than early onset of COVID-19. The higher frequency of disaster tweets was found during surging Omicron variants than the early onset of COVID-19.

Our study revealed that disaster tweets were characterized to be a higher level of unfavorable emotions and negative polarity, and a lower level of favorable emotions. Since disaster as a sentiment marker was evidently reliable and valid, it should be a part of the sentiment analysis in describing the global health issues.
Therapeutic Error: Types and Prevention Strategies and Focus about "Look Alike/Sound Alike" and "High Risk" Drugs
Authors: Marovino Edoardo , Morgillo Amelia , Mancino Naomi , Di Feo Veronica , Genito Emanuela
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Therapeutic errors are among the main causes of drug-related problems, in terms of enhanced toxicological or reduced therapeutic effect, and concern all stages of the drug chain, from manufacturing to prescription, dispensing and administration. Everyone, pharmacists and doctors in all settings, should be aware of how to prevent and manage them and which drugs are at greatest risk. In this article we will focus on LASA (look alike/sound alike), on FAR (high-risk drugs) and on the guidelines especially for prevention.

Methods: The article is a minireview that was written by research in paper and online on PubMed and Embase. We performed a search of any publications available in these databases between the years 1990 and 2022, using the key words: therapeutic errors, misuse / diversion of drugs, drug poisoning. After a review of the titles and abstracts, the articles chosen were considered relevant in providing evidence of the problem. We also added personal knowledge about the topic of the article and used some paper documents.

Discussion and Conclusions: Most of the errors in therapy occur during administration, due to errors in doses, posology or interactions or incorrect manipulations of pharmaceutical forms, and in dispensing, due to incorrect interpretation of the prescription or confusion on the packaging in the case of LASAs. Pharmacists and doctors but also patients themselves should pay attention to the time of prescription and doctors to the drug history not only for interactions but also to avoid making mistakes in patients who take drugs with names or packages similar to the one described above. Moreover, attention must be paid in writing the prescription, in dosage, and pharmaceutical forms. Particular attention should be paid to handling by children and to avoiding any misuse of the medicines themselves.
Trace Mineral Levels in Postmenopausal Women Compared to Premenopausal Women Living Within Port Harcourt Metropolis
Authors: Onukwufor Onwuli, Donatus , Helen Anthony Waribo, , Eberechukwu Okwuchi Anyalebechi, , Ngozi Jane Maduelosi, , Emmanuella Maduelosi,
Published: August 2022

Aim: The physiological transformation of women from pre to post-menopause is often accompanied with many changes in biochemical parameters which instigates some physiological alterations in the body system of the women. Research has shown some alterations in trace mineral nutrition and metabolism following attainment of menopause. This study was aimed at investigating the trace mineral status in premenopausal and postmenopausal women in Port-Harcourt metropolis.

Methods: This study was carried out among fifty (50) apparently healthy postmenopausal women aged between 45-65 years and twenty (20)   premenopausal women aged between 22-38 years. Five milliliters (5 mL) of venous blood was withdrawn from each participant after an informed consent was obtained. Blood samples were emptied into a plain tube and allowed to clot. Samples were spun and serum separated into separate tubes and stored at -200C until analysis. Serum levels of trace mineral magnesium, calcium, zinc and copper were evaluated using Atomic absorption Spectrophotometer ELICO, India, Model No. SL173. Data generated were analyzed using Graph-Pad Prism version 8.0.2 and p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Result reveal a significant reduction in serum levels of magnesium in post-menopausal women (0.39± 0.29 mmol/L) when compared with the premenopausal women (1.14 ± 0.54 mmol/L) (P< 0.0001). Similarly, the serum zinc declined in postmenopausal women 6.12 ± 6.42mmol/L compared with the premenopausal women 23.02± 12.25mmol/L (P< 0.0001). However, serum levels of copper and calcium were not statistically different in the two groups (p> 0.05).

Conclusion: The findings in this work suggests a decrease in serum zinc and magnesium levels in postmenopausal women, hence dietary supplements of these trace minerals is advocated for post-menopausal women.
Deriving Solutions to the Contemporary Issues in Entrepreneurship: Determinants of Establishing Digital Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in Sri Lanka
Authors: Sachitra Vilani , Chinthaka Dilsha Kavindi
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Entrepreneurship is one of a country's economic engines, particularly in developing countries. Sri Lanka was sliding down in Global Entrepreneurship Index. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the key determinants to the establishment of digital entrepreneurial ecosystem for deriving solutions to the contemporary issues in entrepreneurship in Sri Lanka.  

Method: Quantitative research approach was employed. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire, using 234 undergraduates who are following entrepreneurship degree programs in the selected universities. Acknowledging the literature, digital entrepreneurship, infrastructure, user citizenship and marketplace were selected as the determinants of establishing the digital entrepreneurship ecosystem.

Findings: Multiple regression analysis results indicated that digital entrepreneurship, digital infrastructure, digital user citizenship and digital marketplace have a significant influence on the establishment of the digital entrepreneurship ecosystem. Digital entrepreneurship has the greatest effects on the establishment on digital entrepreneurship ecosystem, followed by digital infrastructures. The digital marketplace has the smallest effect on establishing the digital entrepreneurship ecosystem.

Research Implication: Findings of the study would be useful in monitoring the involvement of digital technologies in entrepreneurship. Local, provincial, and national governments can play an important role in encouraging digital entrepreneurship and digitalization among potential entrepreneurs.

Future Research Suggestion: The study focused only on the effect of digital infrastructure, users and marking aspects on the establishment of the digital entrepreneurial ecosystem.  The developing countries like Sri Lanka, the lack of law, investment hunger, corruption, and gaps in the low of innovation environment and inefficiency of administration agents and business forms are impeding the progress of the enormous preference for innovation and digital technology. Further research should be conducted to investigate how these factors play a role in this model.
The Influence of Increasing Argon Gas Flow Rate on Plasma Parameters and their Diagnostics by Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES)
Authors: Abood Tamara , Raheem Hammad , Ali Layla Foad
Published: August 2022

In this research, the plasma parameters were determined each of electron temperature (Te), electron density (ne), plasma frequency (fp), Debye length (λD). The plasma jet operates with argon gas at atmospheric pressure. It is equipped with an alternating AC high voltage power supply of 12 kilovolts and a frequency of 20 kilohertz. Plasma parameters were calculated from the emission spectrum using an optical emission spectrometer (OES) which captured the spectrum resulting from the plasma at various flow rates of argon gas from 0.5 to 5 L/min. Several peaks of argon gas (ArI) and nitrogen gas (N2) were appeared, where the results showed that the highest peak of argon gas was at 763.51 nm for the fifth flow of argon gas. The results indicated the electron temperature (Te) decrease with increased flow rate and ranged (1.296–0.645) ev, while the electron density (ne) increased with flow rate and ranged were (4.054-5.068x1017) cm-3, respectively. In contrast an increase in the intensity of spectral lines was observed.
Acute Cholecystitis Associated With the Use of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Reported to the US Food and Drug Administration
Authors: Woronow Daniel , Chamberlain Christine , Niak Ali , Avigan Mark , Houstoun Monika , Kortepeter Cindy
Published: August 2022

This case series identifies cases reported in the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System of acute cholecystitis associated with use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists that did not have gallbladder disease warnings in their labeling.
E. coli cytochrome bd‐I requires Asp58 in the CydB subunit for catalytic activity
Authors: Kägi Jan , Makarchuk Iryna , Wohlwend Daniel , Melin Frédéric , Friedrich Thorsten , Hellwig Petra
Published: August 2022

The reduction of oxygen to water is crucial to life and a central metabolic process. To fulfil this task, prokaryotes use among other enzymes cytochrome bd oxidases (Cyt bds) that also play an important role in bacterial virulence and antibiotic resistance. To fight microbial infections by pathogens, an in‐depth understanding of the enzyme mechanism is required. Here, we combine bioinformatics, mutagenesis, enzyme kinetics and FTIR spectroscopy to demonstrate that proton delivery to the active site contributes to the rate limiting steps in Cyt bd‐I and involves Asp58 of subunit CydB. Our findings reveal a previously unknown catalytic function of subunit CydB in the reaction of Cyt bd‐I.
Biohybrid Response Microparticles Decorated with Trained‐MSCs for Acute Liver Failure Recovery
Authors: Wang Jinglin , Huang Danqing , Yu Hang , Ren Haozhen , Shang Luoran
Published: August 2022

Microcarrier‐based mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) delivery have attracted increasing attention in acute liver failure (ALF) therapy, while there is still room for improvement in terms of improving cell loading efficiency, enhancing anti‐inflammatory features, and controlling cell release. Here, novel lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐composited magnetic‐thermal responsive inverse opal particles (MIOPs) are presented for the delivery of MSCs. The MIOPs are composed of a chitosan inverse opal skeleton filled with a hydrogel containing LPS, poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide), and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Benefitting from the biocompatible chitosan component and the huge specific surface area, the resultant MIOPs can capture MSCs in a nondestructive way. Furthermore, LPS can be released from the MIOPs under the stimulation of an alternating magnetic field, by which the MSCs are activated to gain the feature of “trained immunity.” Moreover, this process can be monitored in real‐time by the structural color change of the MIOPs. With that, the MSCs‐laden MIOPs are employed in rats with ALF, and they exhibit obvious anti‐inflammatory and therapeutic efficacy superior to untrained MSCs. These performances make the MIOPs a distinctive cell delivery platform for clinical tissue recovery applications.
Smart Eutectic Gallium–Indium: From Properties to Applications
Authors: Zhao Zhibin , Soni Saurabh , Lee Takhee , Nijhuis Christian A. , Xiang Dong
Published: August 2022

Eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn), a liquid metal with a melting point close to or below room temperature, has attracted extensive attention in recent years due to its excellent properties such as fluidity, high conductivity, thermal conductivity, stretchability, self‐healing capability, biocompatibility, and recyclability. These features of EGaIn can be adjusted by changing the experimental condition, and various composite materials with extended properties can be further obtained by mixing EGaIn with other materials. In this review, not only the are unique properties of EGaIn introduced, but also the working principles for the EGaIn‐based devices are illustrated and the developments of EGaIn‐related techniques are summarized. The applications of EGaIn in various fields, such as flexible electronics (sensors, antennas, electronic circuits), molecular electronics (molecular memory, opto‐electronic switches, or reconfigurable junctions), energy catalysis (heat management, motors, generators, batteries), biomedical science (drug delivery, tumor therapy, bioimaging and neural interfaces) are reviewed. Finally, a critical discussion of the main challenges for the development of EGaIn‐based techniques are discussed, and the potential applications in new fields are prospected.
Heterogeneous‐Interface‐Enhanced Adsorption of Organic and Hydroxyl for Biomass Electrooxidation
Authors: Zhou Peng , Lv Xingshuai , Tao Shasha , Wu Jingcheng , Wang Hongfang , Wei Xiaoxiao , Wang Tehua , Zhou Bo , Lu Yuxuan , Frauenheim Thomas , Fu Xianzhu , Wang Shuangyin , Zou Yuqin
Published: August 2022

Electrocatalytic oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) provides an efficient way to obtain high‐value‐added biomass‐derived chemicals. Compared with other transition metal oxides, CuO exhibits poor oxygen evolution reaction performance, leading to high Faraday efficiency for HMF oxidation. However, the weak adsorption and activation ability of CuO to OH− species restricts its further development. Herein, the CuO–PdO heterogeneous interface is successfully constructed, resulting in an advanced onset‐potential of the HMF oxidation reaction (HMFOR), a higher current density than CuO. The results of open‐circuit potential, in situ infrared spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations indicate that the introduction of PdO enhances the adsorption capacity of the organic molecule. Meanwhile, the CuO–PdO heterogeneous interface promotes the adsorption and activation of OH− species, as demonstrated by zeta potential and electrochemical measurements. This work elucidates the adsorption enhancement mechanism of heterogeneous interfaces and provides constructive guidance for designing efficient multicomponent electrocatalysts in organic electrocatalytic reactions.
2D‐FFCASP—A New Approach for 2D Structure Prediction Applied to Self‐Assemblies of DNA Bases
Authors: Demir Gözde İniş , Demir Samet , Tekin Adem
Published: August 2022

Biomolecular self‐assembly on surfaces is an emerging and exciting field for the fabrication of 2D nanostructures that are being used in a wide range of applications. Self‐assembly of the nucleic acid bases, which are mostly stabilized by hydrogen bonding, in both solution and solid have been well characterized by various experimental techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Especially for the surface based self assemblies, the resolution of STM images is quite insufficient to reveal the dominating intermolecular interactions which lead to the formation of self‐assembled DNA bases. Moreover, it is also possible to form crystalline order self assemblies by finding suitable experimental conditions. This fact allows the application of crystal structure prediction (CSP) tools for the discovery of ordered self assemblies. In this regard, the existing CSP method called FFCASP has been extended with a new implementation allowing the prediction of 1D or 2D periodic and nonperiodic structures. The new approach, 2D‐FFCASP, has been applied to four DNA bases and the best resulting structures have been further evaluated by dispersion‐corrected density functional theory (DFT‐D) and cluster in a molecule local correlation approach at the second‐order Møller–Plesset perturbation (CIM‐RI‐MP2). 2D‐FFCASP successfully reproduced the known self‐assemblies of DNA bases in addition to many newly found isoenergetic structures.
High Velocity, Low‐Voltage Collective In‐Plane Switching in (100) BaTiO3 Thin Films
Authors: Ræder Trygve M. , Qin Shuyu , Zachman Michael J. , Vasudevan Rama K. , Grande Tor , Agar Joshua C.
Published: August 2022

Ferroelectrics are being increasingly called upon for electronic devices in extreme environments. Device performance and energy efficiency is highly correlated to clock frequency, operational voltage, and resistive loss. To increase performance it is common to engineer ferroelectric domain structure with highly‐correlated electrical and elastic coupling that elicit fast and efficient collective switching. Designing domain structures with advantageous properties is difficult because the mechanisms involved in collective switching are poorly understood and difficult to investigate. Collective switching is a hierarchical process where the nano‐ and mesoscale responses control the macroscopic properties. Using chemical solution synthesis, epitaxially nearly‐relaxed (100) BaTiO3 films are synthesized. Thermal strain induces a strongly‐correlated domain structure with alternating domains of polarization along the [010] and [001] in‐plane axes and 90° domain walls along the [011] or [01] directions. Simultaneous capacitance–voltage measurements and band‐excitation piezoresponse force microscopy revealed strong collective switching behavior. Using a deep convolutional autoencoder, hierarchical switching is automatically tracked and the switching pathway is identified. The collective switching velocities are calculated to be ≈500 cm s−1 at 5 V (7 kV cm−1), orders‐of‐magnitude faster than expected. These combinations of properties are promising for high‐speed tunable dielectrics and low‐voltage ferroelectric memories and logic.
Fast and Reliable Electronic Assay of a Xylella fastidiosa Single Bacterium in Infected Plants Sap
Authors: Sarcina Lucia , Macchia Eleonora , Loconsole Giuliana , D'Attoma Giusy , Bollella Paolo , Catacchio Michele , Leonetti Francesco , Di Franco Cinzia , Elicio Vito , Scamarcio Gaetano , Palazzo Gerardo , Boscia Donato , Saldarelli Pasquale , Torsi Luisa
Published: August 2022

Pathogens ultra‐sensitive detection is vital for early diagnosis and provision of restraining actions and/or treatments. Among plant pathogens, Xylella fastidiosa is among the most threatening as it can infect hundreds of plant species worldwide with consequences on agriculture and the environment. An electrolyte‐gated transistor is here demonstrated to detect X. fastidiosa at a limit‐of‐quantification (LOQ) of 2 ± 1 bacteria in 0.1 mL (20 colony‐forming‐unit per mL). The assay is carried out with a millimeter‐wide gate functionalized with Xylella‐capturing antibodies directly in saps recovered from naturally infected plants. The proposed platform is benchmarked against the quantitave polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) gold standard, whose LOQ turns out to be at least one order of magnitude higher. Furthermore, the assay selectivity is proven against the Paraburkholderia phytofirmans bacterium (negative‐control experiment). The proposed label‐free, fast (30 min), and precise (false‐negatives, false‐positives below 1%) electronic assay, lays the ground for an ultra‐high performing immunometric point‐of‐care platform potentially enabling large‐scale screening of asymptomatic plants.
Constructing synergy of sufficient hydroxyl and oxygen in PtNi/Al2O3 enables room‐temperature catalytic HCHO oxidation
Authors: Wang Xuyu , Yang Fu , Yi Jianjian , Kong Jiejing , Gong Juanjuan , Yuan Aihua , Rui Zebao , Ji Hongbing
Published: August 2022

Rational engineering of noble metal/transition metal bimetallic catalysts is considered as an effective way to constructing synergistic effect between adsorbed oxygen and hydroxyl for enhanced catalytic formaldehyde oxidation. Herein, we developed a Pt–Ni bimetallic catalysts loading on γ‐Al2O3 support for room‐temperature formaldehyde oxidation. Catalytic experiment results showed that the conversion rate was >97% with a >100 h stability. Several noble metals (Pd, Au, and Ag) were compared to identify the activity effect in formaldehyde oxidation. The activity and stability test in different atmospheres and in situ infrared test suggested that the PtNi/γ‐Al2O3 has the best activity and stability. At a meantime, the results also demonstrated that Pt sites motivate more surface adsorbed oxygen through activating ambient oxygen molecules, while the neighboring Ni atoms contribute to adsorbed hydroxyl, thereby offering sustainable activity. The high efficiency and stability of PtNi/γ‐Al2O3 catalysts for formaldehyde oxidation could be a promising candidate for air purification.
Morphology‐controlled precipitation/remodeling of plate and rod‐shaped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles
Authors: Latocha Joanna , Wojasiński Michał , Janowska Oliwia , Chojnacka Urszula , Gierlotka Stanisław , Ciach Tomasz , Sobieszuk Paweł
Published: August 2022

Control of the morphology and size of particles in processes like crystallization and precipitation remains challenging. We present the simple process of precipitation and controlled hydroxyapatite nanoparticles remodeling into the plate and rod‐like morphologies. The precipitation/remodeling process assumes that the temperature and pH change of the remodeling step affect the properties of the resulting particles. The morphology and size of the nanoparticles were determined with scanning electron microscopy images. The functional groups were determined using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, while the phase composition and crystallite size in x‐ray diffraction experiments. Zeta potential measurements confirmed that particle morphology affects their stability in the aqueous suspensions. The results demonstrated the production of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as aggregates of crystallites, in which particle morphology depends on remodeling temperature while their size on the remodeling time. Further, the process with lecithin added to modify particles' surfaces to enhance their biocompatibility maintains controllability over hydroxyapatite nanoparticles' morphologies.
An Order Statistics Post‐Mortem on LIGO–Virgo GWTC‐2 Events Analyzed with Nested Sampling
Authors: Klinger Talya , Agathos Michalis
Published: August 2022

The data analysis carried out by the LIGO–Virgo collaboration on gravitational‐wave events utilizes nested sampling to compute Bayesian evidences and posterior distributions for inferring the source properties of compact binaries. With poor sampling from the constrained prior, nested sampling algorithms may misbehave and fail to sample the posterior distribution faithfully. Fowlie et al. (2020) outlines a method of validating the performance of nested sampling, or identifying pathologies such as plateaus in the parameter space, using likelihood insertion order statistics. Here, this method is applied to nested sampling analyses of all events in the first and second gravitational wave transient catalogs (GWTC‐1 and GWTC‐2) of the LIGO–Virgo collaboration. The insertion order statistics are tested for uniformity across 45 events in the catalog and it is found that, with a few exceptions that have negligible effect on the final posteriors, the data from the analysis of events in the catalog is consistent with unbiased prior sampling. There is, however, weak evidence against uniformity at the catalog‐level meta‐test, yielding a Kolmogorov–Smirnov meta‐p‐value of .
Optimization of hot drawing process of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene monofilament prepared by melt spinning
Authors: Qin Shengxue , Jin Tongcheng , Zhang Hongbin , Zhou Haiping , Liu Jie , Xu Xingming
Published: August 2022

Ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene monofilament is prepared by melt spinning. Differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and tensile testing are used to characterize the crystallinity, crystal form, surface morphology, and tensile strength of the monofilament at various draw temperatures and ratios, as well as the interaction between them. The lamellar crystal structure in the fiber is stable at lower draw temperatures, and an excessive draw ratio will aggravate the stress concentration of the intergranular molecular chain in the drawing process, which can easily lead to microfiber fracture. Increasing the draw temperature encourages not only molecular chain disentanglement in the amorphous region of the fiber, but it can also weaken the crystal structure constraint on molecular chain activity, promote the transformation of lamellar structure into extended chain structure, and improve the loadable draw ratio. The elevated draw ratio drives the orientation of the molecular chain, the crystal structure is motivated to draw along the axis, and the crystal grains are refined, resulting in a more compact internal structure of the fiber. Excessive temperature causes drastic changes in the internal structure of the fiber, which is detrimental to improving draw ratio and fiber strength.
Enzyme‐Immobilized Metal‐Organic Frameworks: From Preparation to Application
Authors: Li Jia‐Jing , Yin Li , Wang Zi‐Fan , Jing Yi‐Chen , Jiang Zhuo‐Lin , Ding Ya , Wang Huai‐Song
Published: August 2022

As a class of widely used biocatalysts, enzymes possess advantages including high catalytic efficiency, strong specificity and mild reaction condition. However, most free enzymes have high requirements on the reaction environment and are easy to deactivate. Immobilization of enzymes on nanomaterial‐based substrates is a good way to solve this problem. Metal‐organic framework (MOFs), with ultra‐high specific surface area and adjustable porosity, can provide a large space to carry enzymes. And the tightly surrounded protective layer of MOFs can stabilize the enzyme structure to a great extent. In addition, the unique porous network structure enables selective mass transfer of substrates and facilitates catalytic processes. Therefore, these enzyme‐immobilized MOFs have been widely used in various research fields, such as molecule/biomolecule sensing and imaging, disease treatment, energy and environment protection. In this review, the preparation strategies and applications of enzyme‐immobilized MOFs are illustrated and the prospects and current challenges are discussed.
Associations between co‐occurring conditions and age of autism diagnosis: Implications for mental health training and adult autism research
Authors: Jadav Nikita , Bal Vanessa H.
Published: August 2022

Adult autism studies are increasingly comprised of later‐diagnosed adults, yet little is known about how these adults compare to those diagnosed earlier in life. The present study examines medical and psychiatric conditions endorsed by autistic adults and documents differences between those diagnosed with ASD in childhood versus adulthood, as well as across age groups and sex at birth. 4657 legally independent adults (ages 18–85, M = 33.4 years) with professional ASD diagnoses who completed a medical questionnaire were drawn from the Simons Powering Autism Research Knowledge (SPARK) study. Chi square analyses, t‐tests, and logistic regressions were used to compare medical and psychiatric conditions between age groups, sex at birth and adults diagnosed in childhood (before age 21) versus adulthood (at or after 21 years). Overall number of conditions endorsed as being diagnosed by a professional was high, with an average of 1.69 (SD = 2.01) medical or developmental and 2.98 (SD = 2.29) psychiatric conditions reported across the sample. Females were more likely to endorse psychiatric conditions (OR = 1.68). Adult‐diagnosed adults were more likely to endorse psychiatric conditions (OR = 2.71) and reported more lifetime psychiatric diagnoses (M = 3.15, SD = 2.23) than their childhood‐diagnosed counterparts (M = 2.81, SD = 2.33). These findings underscore the need for research to better understand and treat co‐occurring psychiatric conditions in autistic adults and report and consider the age of diagnosis in adult autism samples. Moreover, results suggest it is imperative that mental health professionals receive autism training to promote accurate differential diagnosis and equitable access to mental health care for autistic adults with co‐occurring psychiatric conditions.
Multiple two‐sample testing under arbitrary covariance dependency with an application in imaging mass spectrometry
Authors: Vutov Vladimir , Dickhaus Thorsten
Published: August 2022

Large‐scale hypothesis testing has become a ubiquitous problem in high‐dimensional statistical inference, with broad applications in various scientific disciplines. One relevant application is constituted by imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) association studies, where a large number of tests are performed simultaneously in order to identify molecular masses that are associated with a particular phenotype, for example, a cancer subtype. Mass spectra obtained from matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) experiments are dependent, when considered as statistical quantities. False discovery proportion (FDP) estimation and  control under arbitrary dependency structure among test statistics is an active topic in modern multiple testing research. In this context, we are concerned with the evaluation of associations between the binary outcome variable (describing the phenotype) and multiple predictors derived from MALDI measurements. We propose an inference procedure in which the correlation matrix of the test statistics is utilized. The approach is based on multiple marginal models. Specifically, we fit a marginal logistic regression model for each predictor individually. Asymptotic joint normality of the stacked vector of the marginal regression coefficients is established under standard regularity assumptions, and their (limiting) correlation matrix is estimated. The proposed method extracts common factors from the resulting empirical correlation matrix. Finally, we estimate the realized FDP of a thresholding procedure for the marginal p‐values. We demonstrate a practical application of the proposed workflow to MALDI IMS data in an oncological context.