bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A whole-course-repair system based on ROS/glucose stimuli-responsive EGCG release and tunable mechanical property for efficient treatment of chronic periodontitis in diabetic rats
Authors: Feng Qingchen , Zhang Mei , Zhang Guanning , Mei Hongxiang , Su Chongying , Liu Lisa , Wang Xiaoxia , Wan Ziqianhong , Xu Zhengyi , Hu Liangkui , Nie Yu , Li Juan
Published: March 2024

A whole-course-repair system based on ROS/glucose dual responsive, injectable and multifunctional hydrogel to release EGCG is reported for the treatment of CPDM.
Electrochemically modulated separation of olefin–paraffin gas mixtures in membrane electrode assemblies
Authors: Akashige Toshihiro , Katzenberg Adlai B. , Frey Daniel M. , Mukherjee Debdyuti , Urbina Blanco César A. , Chen Brian , Okamoto Yoshiyuki , Modestino Miguel A.
Published: March 2024

Electrochemical flow cell demonstrates near-100% chemisorbing selectivity in separating propylene–propane gas mixtures, paving the way towards a sustainable olefin purifying process.
Antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticle-microspots on the mechanical properties of single bacteria
Authors: Caniglia Giada , Valavanis Dimitrios , Tezcan Gözde , Magiera Joshua , Barth Holger , Bansmann Joachim , Kranz Christine , Unwin Patrick R.
Published: March 2024

AFM force spectroscopy is used to study the effects of electrochemically deposited silver nanoparticle-microspots on E. coli at the single-cell level. Optimization of the electrodeposition was conducted via scanning electrochemical cell microscopy.
NiFeB-assisted adsorption and activation of nitrogen to improve the photooxidation activity of zinc porphyrin
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Tan Yawen , Zhao Juntao , Cai Zixuan , Zhang Jun , Madhusudan Puttaswamy
Published: March 2024

Incorporating NiFeB hydroxides significantly enhances the nitrogen fixation performance of ZnTCPP, providing a novel approach for co-catalysts in nitrogen fixation.
Hydroxylation of the indium tin oxide electrode promoted by surface bubbles
Authors: Song Xiaoxue , Yan Hui , Zhang Yuqiao , Zhou Weiqiang , Li Shun , Zhang Jianming , Ciampi Simone , Zhang Long
Published: March 2024

A simple and effective strategy for hydroxylating the ITO surface with hydroxyl radicals produced by electrochemical oxidation of hydroxide anions at the gas bubble adherent electrode.
A cell-permeable Ub-Dha probe for profiling E1–E2–E3 enzymes in live cells
Authors: Xia Qiong , Meng Xianbin , Wang Yu , Yuan Rujing , Li Pincheng , Liu Liwen , Li Yi-Ming
Published: March 2024

We report the first cell-penetrating Ub-Dha probes based on thiazolidine-protected cysteines, which were successfully used to label and enrich the E1–E2–E3 enzymes in live cells in combination with label-free quantification (LFQ) mass spectrometry.
Photoredox-catalyzed radical–radical cross coupling of ketyl radicals with unstabilized primary alkyl radicals
Authors: Feng Shishen , Liu Hong , Li Yan , Fang Yewen
Published: March 2024

Radical–radical cross-coupling: unstabilized primary alkyl radicals could generally couple with various ketyl radicals derived from phthalimides and activated ketones under redox-neutral photocatalysis.
A porous organic polymer for symmetric sodium dual-ion batteries through an adsorption-intercalation-insertion mechanism
Authors: Sarkar Suprabhat , Dutta Tapas Kumar , Mandal Balaji Prasad , Patra Abhijit
Published: March 2024

A symmetric sodium dual-ion battery storing Na+ and PF6− ions simultaneously through an adsorption-intercalation-insertion mechanism has been developed employing a pyrene-triphenylamine-based porous organic polymer.
Construction of cyclobutane-fused tetracyclic skeletons via substrate-dependent EnT-enabled dearomative [2+2] cycloaddition of benzofurans (benzothiophenes)/maleimides
Authors: Liao Zhi-Yu , Gao Fan , Ye Yu-Hang , Yu Qian-Hui , Yang Cui , Luo Qing-Yu , Du Fei , Pan Bin , Zhong Wen-Wu , Liang Wu
Published: March 2024

Substrate-dependent EnT-enabled dearomative [2+2] cycloaddition of aromatic heterocycles/maleimides.
Enantioselective sulfonylation to construct 3-sulfonylated oxindoles
Authors: Li Hongye , Zhou Yuqiao , Tan Zheng , Wang Xiangyu , Zhang Yuxin , Wang Fei , Feng Xiaoming , Liu Xiaohua
Published: March 2024

Asymmetric synthesis of 3-sulfonylated 3-substituted oxindoles has been achieved using chiral nickel complexes of N,N′-dioxides.
Synthesis, structure, and properties of helical bis-Zn(ii) complexes of hexapyrrolic ligands
Authors: Chauhan Pinky , Pushpanandan Poornenth , Ravikanth Mangalampalli
Published: March 2024

Bis(3-pyrrolyl BODIPY)s were used to prepare rare examples of hexapyrrolic ligands by demasking BF2 units. The hexapyrrolic ligands, without isolating, were used to prepare novel examples of double-stranded bis-Zn(ii) helicate complexes.
The effect of particle size on the optical and electronic properties of hydrogenated silicon nanoparticles
Authors: Madden Eimear , Zwijnenburg Martijn A.
Published: March 2024

A combination of GW-BSE and time-dependent DFT is used to study the optical and electronic properties of hydrogen terminated silicon nanoparticles.
Controlling excited-state dynamics via protonation of naphthalene-based azo dyes
Authors: Martin Shea M. , Hamburger Robert C. , Huang Tao , Fredin Lisa A. , Young Elizabeth R.
Published: March 2024

Azo dyes are a class of photoactive dyes that constitute a major focus of chemical research due to their applications in numerous industrial functions.
Enhanced magnetic anisotropy of iridium dimers on antisite defects of two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Wang Jun , Yao Chen , Lu Siqi , Wang Suyun , Zheng Dong , Song Fengqi , Wan Jianguo
Published: March 2024

We achieved significantly improved and adjustable magnetic anisotropy in an Ir2 dimer anchored in two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides.
Determining the quantum yield of photochemical reactions in crystals from simultaneous effects of photothermal and photochemical bending of needle-shaped crystals
Authors: Chizhik Stanislav , Gribov Pavel , Kovalskii Viktor , Sidelnikov Anatoly
Published: March 2024

Photoinduced bending of needle crystals caused by photochemical transformation can be used as an extremely sensitive method for studying the kinetics of the transformation.
Poly(ionic liquid)s: an emerging platform for green chemistry
Authors: Zhu Maiyong , Yang Yu
Published: March 2024

This tutorial review provides a comprehensive and authoritative summary on the exciting research activities in the fields of poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs), covering their synthesis and their applications in a number of areas.
Interactions of multiple metrics and environmental indicators to assess processes, detect environmental hotspots, and guide future development
Authors: Luescher Michael U. , Gallou Fabrice
Published: March 2024

Sustainable development of pharmaceuticals relies on the selection and integration of unified metrics and indicators. Herein, we present a standardized method to assess, report, and communicate environmental sustainability of development processes.
A surface-engineered contact lens for tear fluid biomolecule sensing
Authors: M Aravind , George Sajan D.
Published: March 2024

Adhesive contrast contact lens fabricated by selective lubricant grafting splits tear film on specified zone by secretion and blinking. Integrating the contact lens with the spectroscopic technique offers an efficient platform for biomolecule sensing.
Phenylthiazoles with potent & optimum selectivity toward Clostridium difficile
Authors: Seif El-Din Mahmoud M. , Hagras Mohamed , Mayhoub Abdelrahman S.
Published: March 2024

Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is one of the most threatening bacteria globally, causing high mortality and morbidity in humans and animals, and is considered a public health threat that requires urgent and aggressive action.
Nanoscience and nanotechnology for water remediation: an earnest hope toward sustainability
Authors: Dutta Subhajit , Sinelshchikova Anna , Andreo Jacopo , Wuttke Stefan
Published: March 2024

Contextualising the promise of nanoscience and nanotechnology for water pollution remediation.
Electrospun PAN/CuO/curcumin composite nanofiber mats for efficient antimicrobial face masks
Authors: Bansode Samiksha G. , Gagare Snehal , Kondawar Subhash B. , Charhate Shrikant , Sheikh Arif D. , Late Dattatray J.
Published: March 2024

CuO/Curcumin composite incorporated in PAN nanofibers was synthesized using electrospinning method to integrate antibacterial property to the face mask.
In situ synthesis of carbon quantum dots@gum Arabic-silver nanoparticles as a 'turn-off–on' fluorescent sensor for rapid detection of hydrogen peroxide and mercury (ii) ions in aqueous media
Authors: Majhi Shukla , Singh Renuka , Tripathi Chandra Shekhar Pati , Guin Debanjan
Published: March 2024

Carbon quantum dots@gum arabic silver nanoparticles (CQDs@GA-Ag NPs) as ‘turn-off–on’ fluorescent probe for the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and mercury ions (Hg2+).
Recent progress on the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction over a metal sulfide cocatalyst-mediated carbon nitride system
Authors: Huang Xunhuai , Song Junpeng , Wu Guanyu , Miao Zhihuan , Song Yanhua , Mo Zhao
Published: March 2024

Modification strategy and synthesis method of a metal sulfide-mediated carbon nitride photocatalytic H2 production system.
A Mn(iii)-catalyzed arylboronic acid-based cascade reaction via a nonclassical organometallic-radical mechanism
Authors: Qian Hui-Min , Zhang Jian-Dong , Ji Shun-Jun , Xu Xiao-Ping
Published: March 2024

An efficient Mn(iii)-catalyzed cascade reaction of arylboronic acids, o-cyanoaryl isocyanides, and indoles was developed. The mechanism was fully investigated and elucidated.
Clinical Insights Into the Use of Speech Amplification Devices for Managing Hypophonia: Interviews With Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Gates Kelly , Knowles Thea , Mach Helen , Higginbotham Jeff
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this qualitative interview study was to identify themes regarding considerations in the usage of speech amplification device usage for people with Parkinson's disease (PD) and hypophonia from the perspective of speech-language pathologists (SLPs).

Method:

Eligible participants included SLPs currently practicing in the United States or Canada with experience working with clients with PD for at least 2 years. Ten SLPs participated in 60-min interviews conducted via Zoom. A semistructured interview guide was created prior to the interviews. The interviews were transcribed following their completion, and an iterative coding process was used to identify themes using thematic analysis.

Results:

Three main themes were identified from the interviews. The first theme encapsulated how clinicians described amplification devices as a potential treatment tool, which highlighted the nuances that may impact selecting an amplification device as a treatment option such as increased hypophonia or dysarthria severity and cognitive decline. The second theme highlighted how device selection depends on the individual needs of the user. Individual client characteristics (such as disease symptoms and individual needs and preferences) may impact the choice of amplification device. The last theme outlined the importance of involving family members in all stages of device use and involving other health care team members on a case-by-case basis.

Conclusions:

The insights provided by the SLP participants help to understand the clinical decisions that are made when determining device candidacy, selecting a device, and evaluating device success. These insights can be used to improve research studies of augmentative management of hypophonia and guide more personalized management decisions.
Noise‐tolerant matched filter scheme supplemented with neural dynamics algorithm for sea island extraction
Authors: Chen Yiyu , Fu Dongyang , Wang Difeng , Huang Haoen , Si Yang , Du Shangfeng
Published: March 2024

Achieving high‐precision extraction of sea islands from high‐resolution satellite remote sensing images is crucial for effective resource development and sustainable management. Unfortunately, achieving such accuracy for sea island extraction presents significant challenges due to the presence of extensive background interference. A more widely applicable noise‐tolerant matched filter (NTMF) scheme is proposed for sea island extraction based on the MF scheme. The NTMF scheme effectively suppresses the background interference, leading to more accurate and robust sea island extraction. To further enhance the accuracy and robustness of the NTMF scheme, a neural dynamics algorithm is supplemented that adds an error integration feedback term to counter noise interference during internal computer operations in practical applications. Several comparative experiments were conducted on various remote sensing images of sea islands under different noisy working conditions to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed neural dynamics algorithm‐assisted NTMF scheme. These experiments confirm the advantages of using the NTMF scheme for sea island extraction with the assistance of neural dynamics algorithm.
Trends in der Verbreitung des Konsums psychoaktiver Substanzen in
Deutschland: Ein deskriptives Review von Bevölkerungsstudien vor, während und
nach der COVID-19 Pandemie
Authors: Kuitunen-Paul Sören , Schwarzbach Christoph P. , Atzendorf Josefine
Published: March 2024

Hintergrund Zwischen 2020 und 2023 galten in Deutschland aufgrund der
COVID-19 Pandemie mehrere teils bundesweite und gravierende Einschränkungen der
Bewegungsfreiheit und sozialer Kontakte. Ausgelöste Belastungen könnten den
Konsum psychoaktiver Substanzen befördern. Ob sich dies über verschiedene
bevölkerungsrepräsentative Studien hinweg und für verschiedene psychoaktive
Substanzen zeigen, soll überblicksartig betrachtet werden.

Methode Ein deskriptives Review longitudinaler, prospektiver,
bevölkerungsrepräsentativer Studien sowie retrospektiver Querschnittsstudien,
bei dem deutsche Teilnehmende zum Konsum von Alkohol, Tabak sowie verschiedener
illegaler Substanzen/Substanzgruppen einschließlich Cannabis befragt wurden.

Ergebnisse Beim Alkoholkonsum zeigten sich gegenläufige Entwicklungen mit
häufigerer Abstinenz sowie häufigerem regelmäßigen Konsum bei Erwachsenen und
schwacher Prävalenzabnahme bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen. Die Abnahme
der Tabakkonsum-Prävalenz bis einschließlich 2021 hat sich anschließend
umgekehrt hin zu einer tendenziell zunehmenden Verbreitung.
Cannabiskonsum-Prävalenzen stiegen während der Pandemie bei Erwachsenen, ebenso
die Verbreitung zahlreicher anderer illegaler Substanzen, für die keine
Schätzungen zu Veränderungen im Jugendalter vorliegen.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse weisen auf eine komplexe Dynamik im
Substanzkonsum hin, die möglicherweise pandemie-bedingten Veränderungen
unterworfen wurde und sich je nach Substanz und Altersgruppe unterschiedlich
darstellte. Gleichzeitig fehlen derzeit noch relevante Kennzahlen insbesondere
für Jugendliche und den Zeitraum nach der Pandemie (2022–2023).
Simulation-based education in ultrasound – diagnostic and interventional abdominal focus
Authors: Pedersen Malene Roland Vils , Østergaard Mia Louise , Nayahangan Leizl Joy , Nielsen Kristina Rue , Lucius Claudia , Dietrich Christoph F. , Nielsen Michael Bachmann
Published: March 2024

Simulation-based training (SBT) is increasingly acknowledged worldwide and has become a popular tool for ultrasound education. Ultrasound simulation involves the use of technology and software to create a virtual training setting. Simulation-based training allows healthcare professionals to learn, practice, and improve their ultrasound imaging skills in a safe learning-based environment. SBT can provide a realistic and focused learning experience that creates a deep and immersive understanding of the complexity of ultrasound, including enhancing knowledge and confidence in specific areas of interest. Abdominal ultrasound simulation is a tool to increase patient safety and can be a cost-efficient training method. In this paper, we provide an overview of various types of abdominal ultrasound simulators, and the benefits, and challenges of SBT. We also provide examples of how to develop SBT programs and learning strategies including mastery learning. In conclusion, the growing demand for medical imaging increases the need for healthcare professionals to start using ultrasound simulators in order to keep up with the rising standards.
A Nonbenzenoid 3D Nanographene Containing 5/6/7/8-Membered Rings
Authors: Liu Pengcai , Lv Hao-Han , Xue Rui , Tang Xiao-Yu , Chen Xing-Yu , Qi Liping , Wang Xiao-Ye
Published: March 2024

Nanographenes (NGs) have attracted continuous attention in recent years owing to their opened bandgaps and optoelectronic applications. Especially, nonbenzenoid NGs containing non-six-membered rings have been developed rapidly due to their unique structures and properties. In this work, we employ nonbenzenoid acepleiadylene (APD) and the cyclooctatetraene (COT) moiety to construct the first three-dimensional (3D) NG containing 5/6/7/8-membered rings in one molecule (COT-APD). The calculated results prove that COT-APD has a saddle-like configuration similar to that of other COT-type molecules. Each APD segment in COT-APD keeps the inherent aromaticity of the APD moiety. Compared with other COT-type molecules, COT-APD shows a narrower bandgap, which indicates the superiority of APD in bandgap regulation. Furthermore, four reversible reductive waves are observed in electrochemical characterizations, demonstrating the excellent electron-accepting capability of COT-APD.
Low-cost simulation model for ultrasound-guided punch biopsy and puncture: Construction manual and photo examples
Authors: Lüdke Theresa , Paliege Alexander , Kluge Anne , Olesch Falk-Tony , Hilger Gregor , Beleites Thomas , Kemper Max
Published: March 2024

Purpose Ultrasound-guided puncture and punch biopsy pose a particular challenge in ultrasound examination training. These techniques should be learned and performed several times using a simulation model that is as realistic as possible before being applied to patients. While the use of agar-agar-based models is extensively documented in the literature, there is a discernible gap in publications specifically addressing their use in punch biopsy and puncture. The aim was to develop a cost-effective model for the simulation of ultrasound-guided interventions.

Materials and Methods The developed simulation model is based on the vegetable gelatine agar-agar. The agar-agar powder is boiled in water and colored. Various objects are added to the mass. Blueberries, olives, tomatoes, and cornichons imitate solid structures. Liquid-filled balloons are used to simulate cystic structures. Adding stones can make the exercises more difficult due to hyperechoic reflexes with distal shadowing.

Results With the model, ultrasound-guided puncture and punch biopsies could be successfully simulated, and ultrasound images can be generated for this purpose. The cost of a single model is about 2 euros. Production takes less than 2 hours, including cooling. The pure processing time is 30 minutes. The durability of the models is limited by mold, which occurs after 5 days when stored at room temperature and after 5 weeks in the refrigerator.

Conclusion It was shown that it is possible to produce an inexpensive agar-agar-based ultrasound model in a short time and with easily available ingredients to learn ultrasound-guided puncture and punch biopsies.
Transition-Metal-Free Selective Halocyclization of N-Alkoxy Amides: Synthesis of N-Alkoxy Lactams and Oximinolactones
Authors: Kandukuri Sandeep R. , Manjunath Bhanu N. , Chakave Sunil Dattatray , Hapse Venunath , Inamke Kishor Balkrishna , Dehade Amol Satish , Dessai Anupa , Montgomery Mark , Sonawane Ravindra Punjaji
Published: March 2024

A new method for the synthesis of N-alkoxy lactams and oximinolactones, involving the selective N-cyclization and O-cyclization of unsaturated N-alkoxy amides, is presented. This approach features mild reaction conditions and no requirement for transition-metal catalysts. The protocol demonstrates a wide range of applicability in 5-exo-trig and 6-exo-trig cyclization, accommodating chloro, bromo, and iodo electrophiles. The N-cyclization process can be achieved in the presence of strong lithium base such as LiHMDS or n-BuLi, while the O-cyclization occurs spontaneously without the addition of any base. Mechanistic studies reveal the N-cyclization reactions proceed through cyclic lithium intermediates, as confirmed by FT-IR studies and control experiments, which contribute to the N-selectivity. The current methodology was successfully used in synthesis of natural product (E/Z) des-hydroxy triticone A and B.
SFM Fetal Therapy Practice Guidelines: Radiofrequency Ablation of Fetal Umbilical Cord
Authors: Makam Adinarayan , Sharma Aparna , Bhatt Reema
Published: March 2024

In radiofrequency ablation (RFA), the ions in the tissue surrounding the probe's uninsulated tip are noticeably stirred up by the electrode's high-frequency alternating current. The surrounding tissue experiences thermal coagulation necrosis as a result of the frictional heat.

RFA is used in complicated monochorionic twin pregnancies with selective fetal growth restriction (FGR), TRAP, and TTTS. RFA may also be considered in giant chorioangioma with favorable vascular anatomy and giant sacrococcygeal teratoma with imminent hydrops. It serves as a substitute to laser.
“Being useful, I think it's the result of a sick society”: Critical reflections on reproductive politics and markets by women freezing their eggs in Spain
Authors: Lafuente-Funes Sara
Published: March 2024

This piece analyzes the way in which women that froze, are considering freezing or are freezing their eggs in Spain think critically about broader reproductive politics in Spain and about assisted reproduction. Drawing partially on previous studies around egg freezing, Thomas Lemke has suggested that cryopreservation practices represent a “politics of suspension” characterized by both reversibility and disposition, and concomitant with broader political inaction (Lemke in Sci Technol Hum Values 48(4):1–27, 2021). Drawing on feminist literature, and on how some of these women think about motherhood, it is relevant to emphasize this ‘suspension of politics’ that takes place along with a “politics of suspension,” meaning that certain matters (such as reproduction and its postponement) are only to be dealt with privately and individually, through marketized fertility preservation programs in this case. Some of the women interviewed describe these programs as useful tools within a problematic context: technologies that give time in a context that leaves them on their own to figure out motherhood (or its absence) in the midst of uncertainty and loneliness. This paper shows their critical views on these matters, while reflecting on how their experiences and desires become increasingly imbricated with the fertility industry in the making of their reproductive biographies (Perler and Schurr in Body Soc 27(3): 3–27, 2021).
Application of two-dimensional temperature response functions for reconstruction of divertor heat flux profile in commercial fusion reactors
Authors: Bui X. N. S. , Matsuura H. , Hayashi Y. , Nagaoka K. , Masuzaki S.
Published: March 2024

To keep the tritium breeding rate TBR > 1 and to meet the high heat load and neutron shielding requirements for the first wall and divertor in fusion demonstration (DEMO) reactors, the number of port plugs and other openings must be limited. To accomplish this, it is necessary to develop alternatives to the use of infrared (IR) thermography to determine the peak heat flux and the heat flux profile onto divertor targets. A divertor tile equipped with multiple temperature monitoring channels can be used to reproduce the temperature profile. To avoid the high temperatures and high neutron flux environment in a DEMO, the monitoring positions can be set well away from the irradiated surface. However, the spatial resolution of this method is lower than that provided by IR thermography. In the present work, we apply two-dimensional temperature response functions and the corresponding heat conduction model to temperature data obtained from a divertor tile surface in the large helical device to study the effects of the spatial resolution of the monitored temperature profile on the reconstructed heat flux profile. The findings provide information that will be useful in defining a method for embedding thermocouples into the divertor tiles of future DEMO reactors.
The characteristics of ion acoustic solitons in nonthermal regularized kappa distributed plasmas
Authors: Hau L.-N. , Jao C.-S. , Chang C.-K.
Published: March 2024

Nonthermal equilibrium is an intrinsic characteristic of space and astrophysical plasmas, and in many space environments, the velocity distributions of charged particles with suprathermal tails may be well be fitted by the Kappa function, which becomes the Maxwellian distribution for κ→∞. Various studies of ion or dusty acoustic solitons, thus, have considered the Kappa distributed electrons in the model calculations. However, the Kappa velocity distribution (KVD) is theoretically not applicable for κ≤3/2. Alternatively, the recently proposed regularized Kappa distribution with two free parameters, κ and α, have been shown to be mathematically and physically smooth for all κ values, which may recover the standard KVD for α=0 and the Maxwellian distribution for κ→∞ and α=0. In this study, we examine the characteristics of ion acoustic solitons based on the linear, weakly nonlinear Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) and fully nonlinear theories with the regularized Kappa distributed electrons and warm ion fluids. These approaches may give rise to the dispersion relation with modified characteristic speed of acoustic waves, the analytical KdV solutions, and the Sagdeev's potential as well as the fully nonlinear solutions. It is shown that the model results are mathematically and physically valid for κ≤3/2 and the formulations with the charges being free parameters are applicable for general acoustic solitons.
Impact of strain on the SOT-driven dynamics of thin film Mn3Sn
Authors: Shukla Ankit , Qian Siyuan , Rakheja Shaloo
Published: March 2024

Mn 3 Sn, a metallic antiferromagnet with an anti-chiral 120° spin structure, generates intriguing magneto-transport signatures such as a large anomalous Hall effect, spin-polarized current with novel symmetries, anomalous Nernst effect, and magneto-optic Kerr effect. When grown epitaxially as MgO(110)[001]∥Mn3Sn(01¯1¯0)[0001], Mn3Sn experiences a uniaxial tensile strain, which changes the bulk sixfold anisotropy to a twofold perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). Here, we investigate the field-assisted spin–orbit-torque (SOT)-driven dynamics in single-domain Mn3Sn with PMA. We find that for non-zero external magnetic fields, the magnetic octupole moment of Mn3Sn can be switched between the two stable states if the input current is between two field-dependent critical currents. Below the lower critical current, the magnetic octupole moment exhibits a stationary state in the vicinity of the initial stable state. On the other hand, above the higher critical current, the magnetic octupole moment shows oscillatory dynamics which could, in principle, be tuned from the 100s of megahertz to the terahertz range. We obtain approximate analytic expressions of the two critical currents that agree very well with the numerical simulations for experimentally relevant magnetic fields. We also obtain a unified functional form of the switching time vs the input current for different magnetic fields. Finally, we show that for lower values of Gilbert damping (α≲2×10−3), the critical currents and the final steady states depend significantly on α. The numerical and analytic results presented in our work can be used by both theorists and experimentalists to understand the SOT-driven order dynamics in PMA Mn3Sn and design future experiments and devices.
Spatially resolved laser Thomson scattering measurements in a negative glow and cathode presheath to investigate a 1D sheath model
Authors: Lopez-Uricoechea Julian , Suazo Betancourt Jean Luis , Butler-Craig Naia , Walker Mitchell L. R.
Published: March 2024

This paper presents spatially resolved laser Thomson scattering measurements in a cathode presheath and describes a new approximation for the electric field at the plasma-sheath boundary that accounts for collisional and ionization effects. The approximation is derived from a 1D sheath model using asymptotic theory, and the approximation is validated against the exact solution of the 1D model. The approximation of the electric field at the plasma-sheath boundary is examined with experimentally measured profiles of electron properties in the cathode presheath and negative glow of a glow discharge. The measurements are made with a noninvasive laser Thomson scattering system applied to a 20 kV pulsed plasma with an electrode gap of 26.53 mm at neutral pressures of 2, 2.5, and 25 Torr for argon, krypton, and helium, respectively. Peak electron densities for the He, Ar, and Kr plasmas are around 9 × 1018, 2.4 × 1019, and 7.5 × 1019 m−3, respectively. For all the gases, the electrons in the negative glow are approximately isothermal at electron temperatures between 1 and 2 eV, and for He and Ar, the electrons were not isothermal in the cathode presheath. The electron density profile in the cathode presheath was nonmonotonic, and calculations of the ionization rate indicate that a sharp increase in the ionization rate may produce a nonmonotonic density profile in the cathode presheath. The insights gained from spatially-resolved noninvasive measurements of electron properties in a cathode sheath reveal the need for more detailed cathode sheath models.
VERI-D: A new dataset and method for multi-camera vehicle re-identification of damaged cars under varying lighting conditions
Authors: Liu Shao , Agaian Sos S.
Published: March 2024

Vehicle re-identification (V-ReID) is a critical task that aims to match the same vehicle across images from different camera viewpoints. The previous studies have leveraged attribute clues, such as color, model, and license plate, to enhance the V-ReID performance. However, these methods often lack effective interaction between the global–local features and the final V-ReID objective. Moreover, they do not address the challenging issues in real-world scenarios, such as high viewpoint variations, extreme illumination conditions, and car appearance changes (e.g., due to damage or wrong driving). We propose a novel framework to tackle these problems and advance the research in V-ReID, which can handle various types of car appearance changes and achieve robust V-ReID under varying lighting conditions. Our main contributions are as follows: (i) we propose a new Re-ID architecture named global–local self-attention network, which integrates local information into the feature learning process and enhances the feature representation for V-ReID and (ii) we introduce a novel damaged vehicle Re-ID dataset called VERI-D, which is the first publicly available dataset that focuses on this challenging yet practical scenario. The dataset contains both natural and synthetic images of damaged vehicles captured from multiple camera viewpoints and under different lighting conditions. (iii) We conduct extensive experiments on the VERI-D dataset and demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in addressing the challenges associated with damaged vehicle re-identification. We also compare our method to several state-of-the-art V-ReID methods and show its superiority.
Staged Z-pinch radiation-hydrodynamic simulations on a 20-MA driver
Authors: Higginson D. P. , Link A. J. , Ney P. , Rahman H. U. , Ruskov E. , Tummel K.
Published: March 2024

We report on one-dimensional simulations of a staged Z-pinch (SZP) fusion scheme using the radiation-hydrodynamics code HYDRA [Marinak et al., Phys. Plasmas 8, 2275 (2001)]. A pulsed-power driver, based on the Z-machine at Sandia National Laboratories, with a peak current around 20 MA, is used to implode a high-Z gas liner surrounding a cylindrical DT fuel target. For the best conditions used in this work, excluding some physical processes, such as mix, we find a “clean” fusion yield of 7.05 MJ (2.5 ×1018 neutrons), thus showing the potential for high yields using this scheme. The design achieving this yield was determined through a study of different liner materials, liner masses, and fuel masses. We also address previous simulations of the SZP setup that used ad hoc limits of the total internal energy of the liner that can artificially increase fusion yields.
Low-voltage solution-processed NaxCu1−xI thin-film transistors for mimicking synaptic plasticity
Authors: Zeng Guangxiu , Dou Wei , Gan Xiaomin , Lei Liuhui , Yuan Xing , Hou Wei , Yang Jia , Yin Yanling , Zhou Weichang , Tang Dongsheng
Published: March 2024

In this article, NaxCu1−xI thin-film transistors gated by chitosan for low-voltage operation have been created by doping CuI with different Na concentrations (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1). It is found that the devices exhibit optimal performance when x is 0.05: a large current on/off ratio of 1.62 × 105, a steep subthreshold slope of 17.72 mV/dec, a saturation field-effect mobility of 0.51 cm2/V s, and a threshold voltage of 1.10 V. The operating voltage of the devices is reduced to below 2 V due to the electric-double-layer (EDL) effect. At a frequency of 10 Hz, a maximum specific capacitance of 1.36 μF/cm2 can be obtained in the chitosan. The effects of bias stress and laser on Na0.05Cu0.95I thin-film transistors (TFTs) have been examined at the end of the article, and the results revealed that Na0.05Cu0.95I TFTs possess good stability. As the bias stress gets longer and the laser power increases, the transfer curves of TFTs shift positively. Also, artificial synaptic behaviors and functions have been simulated experimentally. It can be divided into single-pulse, double-pulse, and multiple-pulse. According to the experimental results, features such as short-term plasticity, long-term plasticity, paired-pulse facilitation, high-pass filtering, pulse logic, and spatial summation have been achieved. The electrostatic modulation of EDL due to proton transverse migration is vital for this simulation. The realization of low-voltage synaptic Na0.05Cu0.95I TFTs prepared by solution method with pulse logic and spatial summation functions is crucial for application of portable biosensors and neuromorphic systems.
How do various forces affect pressure waves in bubbly flows?
Authors: Arai Shuya , Kanagawa Tetsuya
Published: March 2024

This study investigated the weakly nonlinear propagation of pressure waves in compressible, flowing water with spherical microbubbles, considering various forces. Previous theoretical studies on nonlinear pressure waves in bubbly flows did not consider the forces acting on the bubbles, although the validity of ignoring these forces has not been demonstrated. We focused on every possible force such as drag, gravity, buoyancy, and Bjerknes (acoustic radiation) forces acting on bubbles and studied their effects on pressure waves in a one-dimensional setting. Using a singular perturbation method, the Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers equation describing wave propagation was derived. The following results were obtained: (i) Bjerknes force on the bubbles enhanced the nonlinearity, dissipation, and dispersion of the waves; (ii) Drag, gravity, and buoyancy forces acting on the bubbles increased wave dissipation; (iii) Thermal conduction had the most substantial dissipation effect, followed by acoustic radiation, drag, buoyancy, and gravity. We confirmed that the dissipation due to forces on gas bubbles was quantitatively minor.
BMS-supertranslation charges at the critical sets of null infinity
Authors: Magdy Ali Mohamed Mariem , Prabhu Kartik , Valiente Kroon Juan A.
Published: March 2024

For asymptotically flat spacetimes, a conjecture by Strominger states that asymptotic BMS-supertranslations and their associated charges at past null infinity I− can be related to those at future null infinity I+ via an antipodal map at spatial infinity i0. We analyze the validity of this conjecture using Friedrich’s formulation of spatial infinity, which gives rise to a regular initial value problem for the conformal field equations at spatial infinity. A central structure in this analysis is the cylinder at spatial infinity I representing a blow-up of the standard spatial infinity point i0 to a 2-sphere. The cylinder I touches past and future null infinities I± at the critical sets I±. We show that for a generic class of asymptotically Euclidean and regular initial data, BMS-supertranslation charges are not well-defined at I± unless the initial data satisfies an extra regularity condition. We also show that given initial data that satisfy the regularity condition, BMS-supertranslation charges at I± are fully determined by the initial data and that the relation between the charges at I− and those at I+ directly follows from our regularity condition.
Nonlinear dispersion relation of dust acoustic waves using the Korteweg–de Vries model
Authors: Batool Farida , Mir Ajaz , Tiwari Sanat , Sen Abhijit
Published: March 2024

In this Brief Communication, we present an exact analytic nonlinear dispersion relation (NLDR) for the dust acoustic waves using the Korteweg–de Vries model. The NLDR agrees with the spectrum of spatiotemporal evolution obtained from an exact solution as in Mir et al. [Phys. Plasmas 27, 113701 (2020)]. The NLDR also shows a reasonable match with the experimental data of Thompson et al. [Phys. Plasmas 4, 2331 (1997)] in the long-wavelength limit (kλD≪1). We suggest that such nonlinear corrections should be incorporated in the dispersion relation along with damping, streaming, and correlation effects in order to provide a more realistic interpretation of experimental data.
Potential vorticity conservation for plasma turbulence in an inhomogeneous magnetic field: Theory and implications
Authors: Hahm T. S. , Diamond P. H. , Park S. J. , Na Y.-S.
Published: March 2024

The concept and theory of potential vorticity in drift wave turbulence are extended to the case of an inhomogeneous magnetic field. A one-field magnetic potential vorticity conserving equation is derived via the use of conservative gyrokinetics. The similarity between the corresponding systems for drift wave turbulence and shallow water theory is discussed in detail. Zonal flow physics in an inhomogeneous magnetic field is discussed. In particular, a Charney–Drazin type nonacceleration theorem is derived from the novel system, which conserves magnetic potential vorticity. Extensions of the turbulent equipartition theory to the transport of magnetic potential vorticity are proposed.
Encoding prior knowledge in ensemble refinement
Authors: Köfinger Jürgen , Hummer Gerhard
Published: March 2024

The proper balancing of information from experiment and theory is a long-standing problem in the analysis of noisy and incomplete data. Viewed as a Pareto optimization problem, improved agreement with the experimental data comes at the expense of growing inconsistencies with the theoretical reference model. Here, we propose how to set the exchange rate a priori to properly balance this trade-off. We focus on gentle ensemble refinement, where the difference between the potential energy surfaces of the reference and refined models is small on a thermal scale. By relating the variance of this energy difference to the Kullback–Leibler divergence between the respective Boltzmann distributions, one can encode prior knowledge about energy uncertainties, i.e., force-field errors, in the exchange rate. The energy uncertainty is defined in the space of observables and depends on their type and number and on the thermodynamic state. We highlight the relation of gentle refinement to free energy perturbation theory. A balanced encoding of prior knowledge increases the quality and transparency of ensemble refinement. Our findings extend to non-Boltzmann distributions, where the uncertainty in energy becomes an uncertainty in information.
Construction and validation of C3F8 electron impact and heavy particle reaction scheme for modeling plasma discharges
Authors: Kropotkin A. N. , Voloshin D. G.
Published: March 2024

This work presents the results of developing a set of electronic and chemical reactions for a plasma discharge in octafluoropropane (C3F8). Electronic reactions were obtained using the most relevant set of cross sections at the moment, taking into account experimentally known dissociation and ionization channels. Based on the dissociation products obtained during electronic reactions, a set of chemical reactions was adapted by analogy with the C4F8 reaction scheme from the literature. Next, the resulting complete set of reactions was tested against published experimental data on the concentration of electrons, negative ions, and electronegativity in a capacitive plasma discharge at different gas pressures and discharge input powers. For this purpose, a one-dimensional hydrodynamic drift-diffusion model was used. Reasonable agreement was obtained between the model and experimental data on electronegativity. Eventually, the resulting set of reactions was adapted for a two-dimensional hydrodynamic drift-diffusion model of an ICP discharge. The results of the calculations are two-dimensional distributions of radicals and ions, radical and ion composition of fluxes onto the substrate under conditions typical for industrial reactors.
Kinetic-ballooning-bifurcation in tokamak pedestals across shaping and aspect-ratio
Authors: Parisi J. F. , Nelson A. O. , Gaur R. , Kaye S. M. , Parra F. I. , Berkery J. W. , Barada K. , Clauser C. , Creely A. J. , Diallo A. , Guttenfelder W. , Hughes J. W. , Kogan L. A. , Kleiner A. , Kuang A. Q. , Lampert M. , Macwan T. , Menard J. E. , Miller M. A.
Published: March 2024

We use a new gyrokinetic threshold model to predict a bifurcation in tokamak pedestal width-height scalings that depends strongly on plasma shaping and aspect-ratio. The bifurcation arises from the first and second stability properties of kinetic-ballooning-modes that yields wide and narrow pedestal branches, expanding the space of accessible pedestal widths and heights. The wide branch offers potential for edge-localized-mode-free pedestals with high core pressure. For negative triangularity, low-aspect-ratio configurations are predicted to give steeper pedestals than conventional-aspect-ratio. Both wide and narrow branches have been attained in tokamak experiments.
Broad table-like magnetocaloric effect in GdFeCo thin-films for room temperature Ericsson-cycle magnetic refrigeration
Authors: Kumar G. Jagadish , Guo Zengli , Gu Lisha , Feng Jinliang , Kamala Bharathi K. , Wang Ke
Published: March 2024

We demonstrate magnetocaloric entropy change and compensation temperatures in ferrimagnetic Gdx(Fe10Co90)100−x amorphous thin films with transition metal-rich and rare earth-rich configurations. Thin films are sputtered with same Gd/FeCo elemental ratio at different thicknesses and of various Gd/FeCo ratios at a constant thickness to understand the effect of these two parameters on an antiferromagnetically coupled magnetic sub-lattice system. Temperature- and field-dependent magnetic measurements [M(H,T)] and magnetocaloric studies are performed over a broad range of temperature (70–600 K) by applying a magnetic field of ±15 kOe on sputter deposited 90 nm thin films of Gdx(Fe10Co90)1−x(x = 30,40,50,55,70). The compensation temperature is found to increase with increasing Gd concentration for thin films of the same thickness. A high magnetocaloric entropy change around 0.97 J/kg K (ΔH = ± 15 kOe) is observed for thin films having the same Gd/FeCo elemental ratio. Furthermore, we observed a “table-like” magnetocaloric entropy change in GdFeCo thin film stacks with a high operational window (60 K) at a low applied field for an Ericsson magnetic regenerator around room temperature. The studies will provide important insight into magnetocaloric studies for Ericsson-cycle refrigeration in thin films having antiferromagnetically coupled sublattices.
Magnetic field-induced phase transition in spinor exciton-polaritons condensate
Authors: Abdalla A. S. , Alameen Suliman , Ayuel K. , Sheraz Khan Muhammad , Adam Hajer , Fadol Elsadig O.
Published: March 2024

We theoretically study the magnetic phase transition of condensed exciton-polariton microcavities in an applied magnetic field. When the magnetic field is strong, all polariton spins are polarized parallel to the magnetic field as usual. On the contrary, in the weak magnetic-field region, the polariton polarization degree is negative, namely, anti-parallel to the magnetic field. For a strong magnetic field, the magnetic phase of the polaritons arises and leads to a paramagnetic, while around a weak magnetic field, with zero exciton–photon detunings, and weak Rabi splitting the spin polarization of the polaritons leads to a diamagnetic. Thus, magneto-polariton phase transition polarization originates from the competition between the polariton Zeeman effect and polariton–polariton interactions. Moreover, the polariton polarization strongly depends on the exciton–photon detuning and Rabi splitting and has a large negative value as they are both small. At last, we compare our theoretical results with the experiments and find they match each other very well.
Cross-examination of photoinitiated carrier and structural dynamics of black phosphorus at elevated fluences
Authors: Chebl Mazhar , He Xing , Yang Ding-Shyue
Published: March 2024

Revived attention in black phosphorus (bP) has been tremendous in the past decade. While many photoinitiated experiments have been conducted, a cross-examination of bP’s photocarrier and structural dynamics is still lacking. In this article, we provide such analysis by examining time-resolved data acquired using optical transient reflectivity and reflection ultrafast electron diffraction, two complementary methods under the same experimental conditions. At elevated excitation fluences, we find that more than 90% of the photoinjected carriers are annihilated within the first picosecond (ps) and transfer their energy to phonons in a nonthermal, anisotropic fashion. Electronically, the remaining carrier density around the band edges induces a significant interaction that leads to an interlayer lattice contraction in a few ps but soon diminishes as a result of the continuing loss of carriers. Structurally, phonon–phonon scattering redistributes the energy in the lattice and results in the generation of out-of-plane coherent acoustic phonons and thermal lattice expansion. Their onset times at ∼6 ps are found to be in good agreement. Later, a thermalized quasi-equilibrium state is reached following a period of about 40–50 ps. Hence, we propose a picture with five temporal regimes for bP’s photodynamics.