bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Renewable Energy Science in Regional Landscape Design: Results from a Competition in The Netherlands
Authors: De Waal Renée , Stremke Sven , Van Hoorn Anton , Duchhart Ingrid , Van den Brink Adri
Published: April 2015

Energy transition is expected to make an important contribution to sustainable development. Although it is argued that landscape design could foster energy transition, there is scant empirical research on how practitioners approach this new challenge. The research question central to this study is: To what extent and how is renewable energy science incorporated in regional landscape design? To address this knowledge gap, a case study of a regional landscape design competition in the Netherlands, held from 2010–2012, is presented. Its focus was on integral, strategic landscape transformation with energy transition as a major theme. Content analysis of the 36 competition entries was supplemented and triangulated with a survey among the entrants, observation of the process and a study of the competition documents and website. Results indicated insufficient use of key-strategies elaborated by renewable energy science. If landscape design wants to adopt a supportive role towards energy transition, a well-informed and evidence-based approach is highly recommended. Nevertheless, promising strategies for addressing the complex process of ensuring sustainable energy transition also emerged. They include the careful cultivation of public support by developing inclusive and bottom-up processes, and balancing energy-conscious interventions with other land uses and interests.
Household Livelihood Strategies and Dependence on Agriculture in the Mountainous Settlements in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China
Authors: Xu Dingde , Zhang Jifei , Rasul Golam , Liu Shaoquan , Xie Fangting , Cao Mengtian , Liu Enlai
Published: April 2015

This study explores the extent to which farmers in the Three Gorges Reservoir area remain highly dependent on agriculture despite rapid urbanization and industrialization. The study focuses on the factors that determine a household’s choice of livelihood strategy, with a particular focus on the production of and dependence on agricultural products. Using a sustainable livelihoods approach and survey data from farmers in the Three Gorges Reservoir area in China, the study provides a descriptive statistical analysis and ordinal logistic regression model that shows that close to 56% of households exhibit a low dependence on agriculture. The following variables had a significant influence on livelihood strategy: the maximum years of education of any household member; the age of the household head; the number of laborers in a household; household location; and formal and informal social networks. Regardless of whether the household had children, house value and fixed assets had no significant influence on livelihood strategy. According to the analysis results, we put forward the suggestions that government departments increase investment in infrastructure and make loan policies more favorable for farmers so as to encourage rural able-person to use their social networks to actively establish businesses at migrant destinations.
Monitor Soil Degradation or Triage for Soil Security? An Australian Challenge
Authors: Koch Andrea , Chappell Adrian , Eyres Michael , Scott Edward
Published: April 2015

The Australian National Soil Research, Development and Extension Strategy identifies soil security as a foundation for the current and future productivity and profitability of Australian agriculture. Current agricultural production is attenuated by soil degradation. Future production is highly dependent on the condition of Australian soils. Soil degradation in Australia is dominated in its areal extent by soil erosion. We reiterate the use of soil erosion as a reliable indicator of soil condition/quality and a practical measure of soil degradation. We describe three key phases of soil degradation since European settlement, and show a clear link between inappropriate agricultural practices and the resultant soil degradation. We demonstrate that modern agricultural practices have had a marked effect on reducing erosion. Current advances in agricultural soil management could lead to further stabilization and slowing of soil degradation in addition to improving productivity. However, policy complacency towards soil degradation, combined with future climate projections of increased rainfall intensity but decreased volumes, warmer temperatures and increased time in drought may once again accelerate soil degradation and susceptibility to erosion and thus limit the ability of agriculture to advance without further improving soil management practices. Monitoring soil degradation may indicate land degradation, but we contend that monitoring will not lead to soil security. We propose the adoption of a triaging approach to soil degradation using the soil security framework, to prioritise treatment plans that engage science and agriculture to develop practices that simultaneously increase productivity and improve soil condition. This will provide a public policy platform for efficient allocation of public and private resources to secure Australia’s soil resource.
Unsupervised Object Modeling and Segmentation with Symmetry Detection for Human Activity Recognition
Authors: Su Jui-Yuan , Cheng Shyi-Chyi , Huang De-Kai
Published: April 2015

In this paper we present a novel unsupervised approach to detecting and segmenting objects as well as their constituent symmetric parts in an image. Traditional unsupervised image segmentation is limited by two obvious deficiencies: the object detection accuracy degrades with the misaligned boundaries between the segmented regions and the target, and pre-learned models are required to group regions into meaningful objects. To tackle these difficulties, the proposed approach aims at incorporating the pair-wise detection of symmetric patches to achieve the goal of segmenting images into symmetric parts. The skeletons of these symmetric parts then provide estimates of the bounding boxes to locate the target objects. Finally, for each detected object, the graphcut-based segmentation algorithm is applied to find its contour. The proposed approach has significant advantages: no a priori object models are used, and multiple objects are detected. To verify the effectiveness of the approach based on the cues that a face part contains an oval shape and skin colors, human objects are extracted from among the detected objects. The detected human objects and their parts are finally tracked across video frames to capture the object part movements for learning the human activity models from video clips. Experimental results show that the proposed method gives good performance on publicly available datasets.
Enhanced Eryptosis Following Gramicidin Exposure
Authors: Malik Abaid , Bissinger Rosi , Liu Guoxing , Liu Guilai , Lang Florian
Published: April 2015

The peptide antibiotic and ionophore gramicidin has previously been shown to trigger apoptosis of nucleated cells. In analogy to apoptosis, the suicidal death of erythrocytes or eryptosis involves cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Triggers of eryptosis include oxidative stress, increase of cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i), and ceramide. The present study explored, whether gramicidin triggers eryptosis. To this end phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface was estimated from annexin V binding, cell volume from forward scatter, red blood cell distribution width (RDW) from electronic particle counting, reactive oxidant species (ROS) from 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) fluorescence, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3- and Fluo4 fluorescence, and ceramide abundance from binding of specific antibodies. As a result, a 24 h exposure of human erythrocytes to gramicidin significantly increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells (≥1 µg/mL), forward scatter (≥0.5 µg/mL) and hemolysis. Gramicidin enhanced ROS activity, [Ca2+]i and ceramide abundance at the erythrocyte surface. The stimulation of annexin-V-binding by gramicidin was significantly blunted but not abolished by removal of extracellular Ca2+. In conclusion, gramicidin stimulates phospholipid scrambling of the erythrocyte cell membrane, an effect at least partially due to induction of oxidative stress, increase of [Ca2+]i and up-regulation of ceramide abundance. Despite increase of [Ca2+]i, gramicidin increases cell volume and slightly reduces RWD.
Attendance at the U2 Concert: Is it a Case of “This is a Man's World?”
Authors: Kruger Martinette , Saayman Melville
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this study is to extend existing gender research by segmenting visitors to a major music event, namely U2's 360° Tour in Johannesburg, using gender as a segmentation base. A survey was conducted at the concert where a total of 600 questionnaires were administered,
and 585 completed questionnaires were included in the analysis. Independent t tests, two-way frequency tables, and chi-square tests were used to profile the attendees and to investigate any significant differences between male and female visitors, based on demographics, behavioral variables,
and motivational factors. The results show clear differences between male and female visitors, which are significant enough to regard them as two separate market segments. These differences should be taken into consideration when marketing and managing major music events.
Olympic Games Complexity Model (OGCM)
Authors: Gargalianos Dimitris , Toohey Kristine , Stotlar David K.
Published: April 2015

The Olympic Games (OG) is a complex event project. This conceptual article aims at presenting the complexity of the Games by virtue of a three-dimensional, graphic model depicting the event's stakeholders and the interrelationships among them from the perspective of an Organizing Committee
for the Olympic Games (OCOG). The model evolved from: a) content analysis of relevant literature (i.e., IOC organizational documents regarding the OCOG) and b) personal participation and observation of the authors in the organization of the Games. The model allows managers of OCOGs, especially
those who do not have previous experience in Olympic matters, to quickly and comprehensively understand the complex and entwined organizational processes, as well the various stakeholder relationships that may not at first be readily apparent.
Personal Meaning Mapping at Festivals: a Useful Tool for a Challenging Context
Authors: Van Winkle Christine M. , Falk John H.
Published: April 2015

Personal meaning mapping (PMM) has been used extensively to understand visitor meaning making in a range of free-choice contexts. This research note presents PMM as a useful tool for understanding festival visitor experiences in the complex and challenging context of festival events.
While past research has explored the meaning of festivals from various perspectives, in-depth explorations of the holistic festival visitor's experience has rarely been explored in situ from the attendee's perspective. Considerations for implementing PMM in festival settings are explored.
Slum Tourism: State of the Art
Authors: Frenzel Fabian , Koens Ko , Steinbrink Malte , Rogerson Christian M.
Published: April 2015

This article provides a view on the state-of-the-art literature on slum tourism. It points to the rapid growth of slum tourism research in recent years and highlights the main avenues that research has thus far explored in areas such as slum tourism history, slum tourist subjectivity,
resident perspectives, slum tourism operations, economics, and mobilities. With the advent of slum tourism the relationship of poverty and tourism has changed. Tourism is no longer only a means to fight poverty, but poverty is an attraction of tourism. This has consequences for the relationship
of slum tourism to other forms of tourism where poverty functions as an attraction, like volunteer or developmental tourism. The article identifies research gaps as well as avenues for further research.
Smart Tourism Investment: Planning Pathways to Break the Poverty Cycle
Authors: Mekawy Moustafa A.
Published: April 2015

The aim of this article is to highlight how the smart tourism investment (STI) threshold can be used to break the poverty cycle in Egypt. Tourism investment is a major source of economic growth, especially in poor communities. How it can simultaneously be a force to break the poverty
cycle is the theme of this study. The global emergence of destination slums poses questions for tourism-led poverty reduction (TLPR) studies and development planning initiatives. Employing exploratory and interpretative modes of enquiry and analyzing the al-Darb el Ahmar destination slum illuminates
how slums' sources of production deterioration, traditional investing methods, and adverse planning approaches may prevent inhabitants from snatching economic opportunities offered by geographic proximity to tourism development zones, to eventually break the cycle of generational poverty.
This study offers a valuable approach to STI-led growth and elucidates planning pathways through which poverty traps can be broken. Findings reveal that STI's role in poverty eradication, in close cooperation with other Egyptian social sectors, is crucial and depends on the ability of stakeholders
to maintain the productivity of slum resources and capital. The article concludes that the planned STIs for poverty closure programs should have an effective, positive impact if appropriately intervened in, channeled, and monitored.
Diastereoselective and enantioselective conjugate addition reactions utilizing α,β-unsaturated amides and lactams
Authors: Byrd Katherine M
Published: April 2015

The conjugate addition reaction has been a useful tool in the formation of carbon–carbon bonds. The utility of this reaction has been demonstrated in the synthesis of many natural products, materials, and pharmacological agents. In the last three decades, there has been a significant increase in the development of asymmetric variants of this reaction. Unfortunately, conjugate addition reactions using α,β-unsaturated amides and lactams remain underdeveloped due to their inherently low reactivity. This review highlights the work that has been done on both diastereoselective and enantioselective conjugate addition reactions utilizing α,β-unsaturated amides and lactams.
Le rôle des acteurs dans la gestion d’un projet d’implantation d’un tableau de bord dans le secteur médico-social
Authors: Lemaire Célia , Nobre Thierry
Published: April 2015

Cet article traite des rôles des acteurs organisationnels dans la conduite d’un projet : la mise en œuvre du tableau de bord partagé des établissements et services médico-sociaux. Ce projet implique de nombreux acteurs dans une configuration inter-organisationnelle : des établissements et services du secteur, et leurs représentants, des Agences Régionales de Santé, des Conseils Généraux, l’Agence Nationale d’Appui à la Performance (ANAP), la Direction Générale de la Cohésion Sociale et la Caisse Nationale de Solidarité et d’Autonomie. L’ANAP a défini des rôles pour chacun des types d’acteurs concernés par le projet, devenant alors un émetteur de rôles selon le modèle de séquence de rôles, proposé par Katz et Kahn (1966). L’analyse des rôles résulte d’une observation participante longitudinale, impliquant l’un des chercheurs dans le processus d’introduction de l’outil. Les résultats détaillent les rôles transmis par l’ANAP et établissent une comparaison avec les rôles effectivement joués par les différents acteurs. Le différentiel entre ces deux types de rôles est expliqué par trois facteurs principaux : l’avancée du projet, l’illusion perçue d’une transmission de rôles et un manque de concertation entre les différents acteurs. Nos contributions académiques sont l’introduction de la dimension dynamique au modèle de Katz et Kahn et la confirmation du rôle central du coordonnateur dans une configuration inter-organisationnelle. Notre contribution managériale réside dans la proposition de pistes d’amélioration du management des rôles dans la conduite d’un projet.
L’interdiction des retranscriptions pharmaceutiques : Adaptation du management aux conventions sociales
Authors: Orvain Jacques , Harmel Cyrille
Published: April 2015

Objectif : La sécurisation des prescriptions pharmaceutiques est aujourd’hui considérée comme un enjeu important de la qualité des soins, mais qui se heurte à des conflits de rationalité. Méthode : Une étude de cas menée dans un hôpital français a permis d’analyser en profondeur les freins organisationnels qui sont à l’origine des difficultés rencontrées. L’étude a été menée en s’appuyant, d’une part sur la théorie des conventions, d’autre part sur les modalités de déploiement du management de la qualité. Résultats : Trois thématiques principales émergent de l’étude et peuvent être interprétées comme des conflits entre différents cadres conventionnels. Tout d’abord l’interdiction des retranscriptions des prescriptions médicales, en second lieu l’établissement de la pharmacie clinique comme une nouvelle fonction permettant la sécurisation des prescriptions, enfin l’informatisation des prescriptions comme espace de négociation. Discussion et conclusion : Pour organiser la médiation entre différentes conventions, le manager hospitalier pourra se référer à trois types de gestion qui ont été décrites pour manager la qualité. La gestion de type instrumental permet d’exclure les retranscriptions, la gestion de type organique permet d’accueillir la pharmacie clinique comme une nouvelle fonction, enfin la gestion de type culturel qui s’appuie sur la discussion et l’arbitrage des valeurs ouvre la voie à la négociation de l’informatisation du circuit du médicament.
Chapitre 2. L’information, droit fondamental du patient ?
Authors: Mémeteau Gérard
Published: April 2015

Bien qu’exprimées avant l’affaire « Lambert », qui a conduit à penser les refus et assentiments sur la scène du droit interne, celle du droit conventionnel – et celle du lit du malade ! – ces remarques simples présentent le droit du malade à l’information médicale comme un droit dit fondamental. Mais, il ne se comprend qu’en vue d’un traitement ou autre acte médical ; à défaut, il n’a point lieu d’être, n’est qu’un exercice académique, du reste excitant, mais à lui seul peu curatif. Et, si l’on renversait les termes du problème : le droit du médecin à l’information ? (La belle thèse de Ph. Gaston, Paris 8, 2 décembre 2014)...
Chapitre 8. L’information sur l’hôpital et l’organisation du système de santé : évaluation ou classement ? Le point de vue des usagers
Authors: Brun Nicolas
Published: April 2015

Jusqu’à une période récente les usagers avaient le sentiment que le système de santé français était le meilleur du monde et que par conséquent l’ensemble des acteurs, des structures et des organisations était d’un niveau d’excellence et de compétence similaire. Les patients étaient souvent orientés par leur médecin traitant ou par les avis de leurs proches. Ce sentiment d’homogénéité de la qualité des établissements ou des professionnels a disparu. Aujourd’hui, les usagers veulent avoir des informations qui leurs sont utiles et qui leurs permettent de s’orienter dans une organisation du système de santé qui est très complexe, et source par la même d’inégalités. Cette information peut venir de sites institutionnels, de palmarès de journaux ou encore de sites internet. Mais cette information, pour être utile, doit être accessible et compréhensible par tous, tant sur la forme que sur le fond, ce qui n’est pas toujours le cas. Le système de santé a tout à gagner à être le plus transparent possible, il faut donc qu’il s’engage résolument dans ce chemin.
« Pratiquer ses rêves ». Rêves, divinités et pratiques sociales dans les Andes péruviennes
Authors: Cecconi Arianna
Published: April 2015

Les croyances relatives à la dimension onirique ont une longue histoire dans le contexte péruvien. Dans cet article, nous étudierons la valeur des rêves et leur usage social au sein du milieu andin contemporain. La grande perméabilité des frontières entre « intériorité » et « extériorité », « âme » et « corps », « individuel » et « collectif », « humains » et « divinités » sera mise en évidence par l’analyse des rêves des villageois de deux communautés paysannes des Andes centrales du Pérou. Les descriptions de ces rêves ouvriront des perspectives sur plusieurs dimensions religieuses et rituelles, tandis qu’à travers l’étude de certaines « iconographies oniriques », nous pourrons observer la cohabitation entre divinités de provenances hétérogènes. Les liens intimes qui se tissent entre les croyances aux rêves et aux divinités, les expériences du corps et les pratiques sociales manifesteront finalement l’extrême fluidité des continuités qui s’instituent entre vie diurne et vie nocturne.
Matrice des usages et interprétations du rêve au Maghreb
Authors: Bennabi Bensekhar Malika , Moro Marie Rose
Published: April 2015

Les processus substitutifs à l’œuvre dans le rêve puisent dans le symbolisme de la culture et ouvrent la voie à une élaboration sur soi, ce qui en fait un outil de choix en ethnopsychiatrie, à condition de disposer d’un savoir anthropologique. Grâce à une méthodologie qui croise une enquête de terrain auprès des femmes d’un milieu rural et d’un sous-groupe berbère du Touat-Gourara (Sahara algérien) et de la région d’Angad, (nord-est du Maroc), une analyse de sources historiques, des lectures sur les usages du rêve dans la tradition musulmane, nous mettons en évidence que les femmes sont plus attentives à une activité onirique inscrite dans des pratiques de divination qui nous conduisent vers Le livre des songes d’Ibn Sirin. Les sources historiques consultées nous révèlent une convergence des conceptions du rêve en Islam, dans l’antiquité grecque et chez Freud, en raison de similitudes significatives aux niveaux symbolique et mythique. Nous en dégageons que le rêve donne suffisamment de latitude à l’ethnopsychanalyste pour glisser d’un modèle anthropologique, d’une tradition onirique vers une technique plus conforme à la conception freudienne.
Travail du rêve, travail de la culture dans une thérapie mère-enfant (Congo)
Authors: Pierre Danièle
Published: April 2015

Dans la rencontre avec les patients migrants, l’évocation des rêves est souvent précieuse. Elle permet notamment d’entrer en contact avec leurs conceptions culturelles des désordres. À partir de la théorie freudienne et à travers une histoire clinique, nous montrons comment le système de sens - la « vision du monde » - entre dans l’élaboration secondaire des rêves et contribue ainsi au travail de la cure.
L’agir socio-politique de Mgr Christophe Munzihirwa à Bukavu (1994-1996, R.D. Congo)
Authors: Vianney Kitumaini Jean-Marie
Published: April 2015

La complexité de la situation que traverse le continent africain interroge l’agir éthique de l’Église. Celle-ci doit continuellement inventer de nouveaux modes d’agir, renouvelés et adaptés. L’auteur propose ici une réflexion sur l’exercice de la charge pastorale de Mgr Munzihirwa Christophe durant son bref épiscopat dans l’Archidiocèse de Bukavu (R.D. Congo), dans le contexte précis de la guerre qui embrase la région des Grands Lacs. Analysant différents écrits de ce pasteur, il en dégage des présupposés ecclésiologiques susceptibles d’orienter tant le comportement des fidèles que l’action de pasteurs engagés dans le domaine mixte du socio-politique.
« La Révélation... tout simplement »
Authors: Bacq Philippe
Published: April 2015

En contrepoint de la lecture de Y. Labbé dans un numéro précédent ( NRT 126 [2004] 106-129), l’A. présente ici la démarche en sept chapitres de Ch. Theobald dans son livre La Révélation . Partant inductivement de l’expérience humaine d’un inouï de la vie (ch. 1) cristallisée dans des traditions religieuses diversifiées que le critère du respect permet d’apprécier (ch. 3), celui qui « lit les Écritures » (ch. 4) découvre dans la personne du Christ en relation aux autres d’abord, en relation au Père et à l’univers dans la résurrection ensuite, l’autorévélation de l’inouï de Dieu (Vatican II au ch. 2). L’accueil de cet excès d’humanité en Christ invite à adopter le point de vue de Dieu sur nos existences individuelles (ch. 5) et collectives (ch. 6) et fait monter à nos lèvres un chant de louange au Dieu qui se révèle comme agissant en ressuscité au cœur de la création (ch. 7).
Authentication Model for Enterprise Resource Planning Network
Authors: Al-Hamdani Wasim A.
Published: April 2015

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software is business-management software that allows an organization to use a system of integrated applications to manage the business. ERP software often contains highly confidential information that is vital to a firm's competitiveness, so it is critically important that appropriate security be implemented to reduce its vulnerability. In this chapter, security issues are presented that could arise when ERP software is integrated with many systems and with web environments. The security issue is one of the major issues with ERP software, and it has not been a major focus of the developers of the software, who leave this issue to different components of the system and to vendor implementation. In this chapter, The author presents a new security model for ERP software. The author also presents a new authentication model that consists of the following layers: Role base, Data mining, Risk-based access control, and PKI.
Proposals to Win the Battle Against Cyber Crime
Authors: Al-Hamami Alaa Hussein
Published: April 2015

Through commercial networks and across the Internet, there are data files, millions of images and videos, and trillions of messages flow each day to drive the world economy. This vast electronic infrastructure is what our nation depends on. To commit crime by using a computer and communication to forge a person's identity, illegal imports or malicious programs, the computer here is used as an object or subject for the cybercrime. Most of the online activities are vulnerable to intrusion and can compromise personal safety just as effectively as common everyday crimes. This chapter concentrates on explaining and discussing the terms of cyber security, cybercrimes, and cyber-attacks. A history for each term has been given and the problems of cyber security have been discussed. Finally, a proposed solution has been suggested and future trends have been forecasted, and at the end of the chapter a conclusion will be given.
Cyber Space Security Assessment Case Study
Authors: Said Hanaa. M. , El Gohary Rania , Hamdy Mohamed , Salem Abdelbadeeh M.
Published: April 2015

Cyberspace is known as the digital electronic medium for the knowing range of securing in the cyberspace. Therefore the importance of inferring the reference measure in the form of assessment procedure to improve the knowledge and making the decision for the e- government services. A series of the standards build on the application of data mining methods specifically represented as decision tress model, Logistic regression, association rules model, Bayesian network for making reference measurements, to measure the extent of securing the data, and the provided services. The authors discuss various types of cyber-attacks describing how data mining helps in detection and prevention of these attacks. A comparative analysis between a set of selected frameworks is presented. Finally this chapter imparts numbers of applications for the data mining Methodologies in Cyber Security. Results applied on the site of the authority for cleaning and beautifying Cairo governorate in Egypt.
Malay Language Text-Based Anti-Spam System Using Neural Network
Authors: Jalab Hamid A. , Subramaniam Thamarai , Taqa Alaa Y.
Published: April 2015

This unauthorized intrusion has cost time and money for businesses and users. The exponential growth of spam emails in recent years has resulted in the necessity for more accurate and efficient spam filtering. This chapter focuses on creating a text-based anti-spam system using back-propagation neural network for Malay Language emails that efficiently and effectively counter measure spam problems. The proposed algorithm consists of three stages; pre-processing, implementation and evaluation. Malay language emails are collected and divided into spam and non-spam. Features are extracted and document frequency as dimension reduction technique is calculated too. Classifiers are trained to recognize spam and non-spam emails using training datasets. After training, classifiers are tested to check whether they can predict spam (or non-spam) emails accurately with the testing datasets. The result of this classification in terms of accuracy, precision, and recall are evaluated, compared and analyzed, thus providing the best anti-spam solution to counter measure spam problem of Malay language emails.
Virtualization Technology and Security Challenges
Authors: Al-Saadoon Ghossoon M. Waleed , Al Naemi Ebrahim
Published: April 2015

The aim of server virtualization is to eliminate the Hardware equipment in the Datacenter and maximize the utilization of the existing resources. This helps companies in achieving the business goals and objectives in cost effective manner and better support and integration. Virtualization technology changes the protection way of security, as most of hardware and software become after virtualization such as servers, switches, Logical Unit Numbers (LUNs) etc. and it's no longer trying to protect a physical hardware, (Hurwitz & et al, 2013). The overall objective of this chapter is to find out the solution for reducing the keep regular increasing recurring cost and risk involved in information technology management and maintenance. The chapter is about finding out the solution from which it's possible to ultimately lower the cost, speed deployment, provide additional disaster recovery options, and ease testing and developing, and provide unprecedented mobility, flexibility and reliability.
Trust Determination in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Al-Bahadili Hussein
Published: April 2015

Wireless ad hoc networks are susceptible to attacks by malicious nodes that could easily bring down the whole network. Therefore, it is important to have a reliable mechanism for detecting and isolating malicious nodes before they can do any harm to the network. Trust-based routing protocols are one possible mechanism as they locate trusted routes dynamically to conform to network environment. However, such algorithms require reliable and effective trust determination algorithm. This chapter presents a detail description and evaluation of the trust determination algorithm, namely, the Neighbor-Weight Trust Determination (NWTD) algorithm. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated through simulation using the Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) simulator (MANSim). The simulation results demonstrated the effectiveness and reliability of the algorithm in isolating any maliciously behaving node(s) in a timely manner.
Social Media as an Advertisement Tool
Authors: Topsümer Füsun , Yarkin Dincer
Published: April 2015

Daily routine and time pressure have become the reason for ignoring social media advertisements; because of thousands of messages on Internet, and social media, consumers need more reliable and differentiated messages. Today's customer is looking for utilitarian and hedonic attributes in the content of advertisement. Otherwise they would interpret advertisements as “time loss.” In this chapter, some suggestions are offered to companies as well as to the advertising agencies who should look for a new way of attracting customers to advertisement. Experiential components are becoming more and more vital, in advertisement as well as in marketing. Feel, sense, think, act, and relate as subjects of experiential marketing can be transferred into social media advertisements and touch consumer's heart for acquiring effective and efficient outcomes.
Augmented Reality Advertisements in Tourism Marketing
Authors: Celtek Evrim
Published: April 2015

The rapid growth in the use of smart phones and respective mobile applications has created new ways for the tourism industry to market the services to customers. The growing use of smart phones is driving the mobile applications market to be one of the fastest growing media outlets in the history of consumer technology. Augmented reality, or AR, has become one of the new advertising and marketing tool. Many brands use AR to attract customers and to increase customer engagement. AR allows smart phone and tablet computer users to point their phone or tablet cameras at certain objects—be they print advertisement or even coffee cups—that trigger a 3D video. Augmented reality gives businesses opportunity to unexpectedly integrate the digital world with the real world. This chapter presents the profile of AR applications and AR advertisements in the tourism industry.
The Strategic Planning Process of Social Media Advertising in the Context of Integrated Marketing Communication
Authors: Topsümer Füsun , Yarkin Dincer
Published: April 2015

With the rising number of Internet users and social media platforms, advertising found new source for flourishing. However, social media advertising contains different characteristics compared with conventional or mass media advertising. Social media advertising can provide peer-to-peer communication (instead of one-way communication as in mass media advertising). In the definition of advertising, we see that it is required to pay something for taking place in mass media, but in social media advertising, commonly there is no need for payment, if the right social networks are chosen. This chapter aims to evaluate the process of advertising planning in social media in the context of integrated marketing communication. This chapter contains detailed steps of advertising planning process in social media and comparison between planning process of mass media advertising.
The Role of Social Media in International Advertising
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: April 2015

This chapter introduces the role of social media in international advertising, thus explaining the concept of social media; the overview of international advertising; the relationship between social media and international advertising; the significance of network capability describing the concept of network capability, the application of network capability, and the emerging research trends in network capability; the significance of image transferability describing the concept of image transferability, the application of image transferability, and the emerging research trends in image transferability; and the significance of personal extensibility describing the concept of personal extensibility, the application of personal extensibility, and the emerging research trends in personal extensibility. Social media has the opportunity to capitalize on network capability to bring people together, image transferability which enables marketers to build the brand with larger audiences than ever before, and personal extensibility which allows interactions and relationships in international advertising.
The Role of the Mass Media on Shaping the Public Opinion about the Enlargement of the European Union
Authors: Nergiz Ebru
Published: April 2015

The pictures in people's minds about the outside world are significantly influenced by the mass media, both what those pictures are about and what those pictures are. The agenda-setting effects of the mass media also have significant implications beyond the pictures created in people's heads. The media are the principal means by which a majority of people receive information about policy issues in general, and the EU in particular. The role of information provided by the mass media is substantially important to public opinion formation and change, especially on critical issues such as European Union enlargement. This chapter investigates why and how mass media affects the public opinion about the enlargement of the European Union.
Employing a Mixed Method to Explore Mobile Social Media Users' Big Data Privacy Concerns
Authors: Yang Kenneth C. C. , Kang Yowei
Published: April 2015

Since its introduction in the early 21st century, mobile social media have played an indispensable part in contemporary human experiences. The convergence of social networking and mobile technologies and services creates a fascinating circumstance because the pervasive nature of mobile social networking technologies has impacted on users' privacy. The chapter employed a mixed research method to collect and analyze mobile social media users' experiences and privacy concerns in the age of Big Data. A total of 57 participants were included in this study. Collected data was analyzed by examining mobile social media users' experiences and their concerns over privacy. Findings from this study showed the rising concerns over personal privacy as a result of convergence of mobile social media and Big Data practices by the advertising industry. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
The Use of Myths as an Advertisement Strategy at the Age of Social Media
Authors: Kilinc Ugur
Published: April 2015

This chapter has been focused on how the myths, which have a narrative style by using symbols, have been used in the advertising sector. Based on this scope, “the myth” concept is considered within Jung's archetype and collective unconscious approach. The idea that advertising, just like the myths, is based on symbolic structure and archetypes, is analyzed in terms of “Meaning Transfer Model” and consumer behaviour. In the praxis of this study, to support the relationship between the myth and the commercial, the latter that is in the sample field is thorougly examined under the light of iconographic analysis. The results of the analysis and the praxis show that myths seem to exist in modern-day mass mediums. The myths in the advertising sector that are used to attract attention and to awaken the feelings of the consumer have symbolic narrative structures, which gives way that they're very likely to be used in the advertising.
Does Social Media Marketing Improve Business Performance?
Authors: Gülsoy Tanses Yasemin
Published: April 2015

The recent growth of social media, or consumer-generated media, has given rise to bidirectional communication between consumers and marketers. There is some evidence that the dialogue appears to help the business performance of companies by influencing, for example, product sales, consumer attitudes, and consumer decision-making. This chapter examines the evidence, with a particular focus on on-line consumer product reviews. Also investigated is the role trust plays in how marketing works in the social media. Managerial implications and research directions are indicated.
The Impact of Web 2.0 and Web 3.0 on Academic Roles in Higher Education
Authors: Greener Sue
Published: April 2015

This chapter discusses major changes in the traditional roles of teachers in Higher Education triggered by digital transformation in learning and teaching by Web 2.0 and Web 3.0. The purpose of university teaching is explored, together with the key characteristics of digital learning technologies associated with Web 2.0 and current and prospective changes linked to the notion of Web 3.0. Role labels found in the literature are reviewed against these changes and four dimensions of role change are identified, together with suggestions for preparing teachers for these changes.
Web 3.0 and E-Learning
Authors: Chauhan Amit
Published: April 2015

The annals of the Web have been a defining moment in the evolution of education and e-Learning. The evolution of Web 1.0 almost three decades ago has been a precursor to Web 3.0 that has reshaped education and learning today. The evolution to Web 3.0 has been synonymous with “Semantic Web” or “Artificial Intelligence” (AI). AI makes it possible to deliver custom content to the learners based on their learning behavior and preferences. As a result of these developments, the learners have been empowered and have at their disposal a range of Web tools and technology powered by AI to pursue and accomplish their learning goals. This chapter traces the evolution and impact of Web 3.0 and AI on e-Learning and its role in empowering the learner and transforming the future of education and learning. This chapter will be of interest to educators and learners in exploring techniques that improve the quality of education and learning outcomes.
Marketing Strategies in the Age of Web 3.0
Authors: Ferrari Sonia
Published: April 2015

The Web has become one of the most effective means of communication, and electronic marketing is rapidly transforming the way organizations communicate and operate in many areas. This chapter describes the Internet evolution; in fact, it is no longer just an information tool but has become a new dimension, allowing firms to learn more about their customers, communicate more effectively, promote and market products, services, companies, and brands. The evolution of the Internet, from Web 1.0 to Web 3.0, has resulted in a radical change in marketing strategies and tools in many businesses.
Wilson's Information-Seeking Behavior Models (1981, 1996, 1999)
Authors: Potnis Devendra
Published: April 2015

This chapter analyzes and compares the goals, key concepts, key features, strengths, and weaknesses of Wilson's information-seeking behavior models. Wilson's models grounded in multi-disciplinary research serve as milestones shaping the information behavior research. The models steered the direction of information behavior research from “system-centric” to “person-centric” inquiries by proposing information-seeking behavior as a new lens in combination with information use to study the dynamic process experienced by users for satisfying information needs. Wilson also introduced “observations to be the “root” method of data collection. The ability of Wilson's models to continue serving as frameworks for developing and testing new combinations of information behavior constructs and theories illustrate the rigor, relevance, and utility of the models in rapidly changing landscape of information environments. As researchers from diverse disciplines employ Wilson's models as a basis for solving the problems of information behavior experienced by well-defined groups from different parts of the world, the models are likely to evolve in the future.
Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) Ajzen (1988)
Authors: Al Maskari Azzah
Published: April 2015

The Theory of Planned Behavior is widely used to predict human behaviors in many disciplines. According to the Theory of Planned Behavior, Attitude towards the target behavior, Subjective Norms about engaging in the behavior and Perceived Behavior Control influence intention. In addition, an individual's display of a certain behavior is determined by his or her intent to perform that behavior. This chapter describes the origin and history of the Theory of Planned Behavior, its purpose, its limitations and its applications in order to examine acceptance, adoption, use, and continuance of use of Information Systems and services.
Integration of TAM, TPB, and Self-image to Study Online Purchase Intentions in an Emerging Economy
Authors: Singh Devinder Pal
Published: April 2015

E-commerce offers significant opportunity for retailers in emerging markets like India due to the growing Internet popularity and rising incomes. But the Internet penetration growth does not commensurate with the online retail sales. This necessitates unraveling and understanding the online buying behavior. This paper employs ‘Theory of planned behavior (TPB)', ‘Technology acceptance model (TAM)' and self-image to unfold the online consumer behavior. It proffers an integrated model of online consumer behavior by integrating the self-image variable with the TPB and TAM models. The study tests the various components of integrated model and find that attitudes, subjective norms, self-image, and self-efficacy significantly impact online purchase intentions. The study makes significant theoretical contributions and provides valuable insights into the consumers' online purchase behavior.
Self-Organization and Semiosis in Jazz Improvisation
Authors: Walton Ashley , Richardson Michael J. , Chemero Anthony
Published: April 2015

The complex systems principle of self-organization provides a new way of understanding the behavioral dynamics behind the emergent, spontaneous exchanges of musical performance. In biological self-organization, energy is expended in the form of work which operates to maintain order in a system, collectively constraining the possible behaviors the components of the system can exhibit. When two self-organized systems become closely coupled they form a synergistic, teleodynamic system, such that in a circularly causal manner each system's work helps to maintain and self-sustain one another's behavioral dynamics. The semiotic exchange between two improvising jazz musicians can also be understood as forming a synergistic, teleodynamic system, with musicians expending energy in the form of musical ‘work' that operates to mutually constrain the semiotic form of their own and their co-musicians playing behavior. In more specific terms, the two musicians form a higher-order autopoietic system that both creates and maintains the collective order of the co-playing musicians via the nonlinear, self-organizing dynamics that characterize non-equilibrium dissipative systems. Here the authors introduce this self-organization framework and describe its implications for developing new theories of musical semiotics that adequately address the spontaneous and emergent nature of improvised musical performances. The authors also describe how corresponding methods of non-linear time series analyses can provide the tools necessary for explicating the dynamical processes that shape such complex social exchanges.
Present and future of the numerical methods in buildings and infrastructures areas of biosystems engineering
Authors: Ayuga Francisco
Published: April 2015

Biosystem engineering is a discipline resulting from the evolution of the traditional agricultural engineering to include new engineering challenges related with biological systems, from the cell to the environment. Modern buildings and infrastructures are needed to satisfy crop and animal production demands. In this paper a review on the status of numerical methods applied to solve engineering problems in the field of buildings and infrastructures in biosystem engineering is presented. The history and basic background of the finite element method is presented. This is the first numerical method implemented and also the more developed one. The history and background of other two more recent methods, with practical applications, the computer fluids dynamics and the discrete element method are also presented. Besides, a review on the scientific and professional applications on the field of buildings and infrastructures for biosystem engineering needs is presented. Today we can simulate engineering problems with solids, engineering problems with fluids and engineering problems with particles and get to practical solutions faster and cheaper than in the past. The paper encourages young engineers and researchers to make progress these tools and their engineering applications. The capacities of all numerical methods in their present development status go beyond the present practical applications. There is a broad field to work on it.