bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Different Particle Sizes and Pore-Making Agent Ratio on Properties of SiC Porous Ceramics
Authors: Li Huan , Xu Chengshi , Chen Juntai , Ma Mengen , Deng Xiangyun
Published: September 2020

In this paper, SiC particles of different particle sizes were used as aggregates to prepare SiC porous ceramics (50-70 mesh, 70-80 mesh and 80-90 mesh), and their flexural strength, filtration pressure drop and porosity were tested. On this basis, SiC with 80-90 mesh size was used as the aggregate, and the properties of porous ceramics were measured by using different proportions of pore-making agent. The results showed that when SiC particles were 80-90 mesh and the ratio of pore-making agent was 2:1, the samples prepared at 1300°C for 1.5h had the best comprehensive performance, the porosity was 33.9%, the flexural strength was up to 38.28MPa, and the filtration pressure drop was relatively low.
Synthesis and Molecular Recognition Properties of a Coumarin Derivative
Authors: Wang Mengqi , Liu Zhilian , Zhang Qiang , Zhao Hao , Liu Hui , Liu Wei , Wang Xiaoyan , Yuan Mengting , Dai Xinran , Deng Ziwei , Chen Pingping , Gao Min , Wang Tengfei , Zhang Shuxiang
Published: September 2020

In this paper, a coumarin derivative La was designed and synthesized in two steps with simple synthesis method and high yield. Its recognition performance was studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy. It was found that when iron ion (III) was added, the absorption value of the probe molecule La was significantly enhanced, while other metal ions studied did not cause significant changes. Further research on the relationship between absorbance and iron ion (III) concentration revealed that they have a good linear relationship. This shows that the coumarin derivative La has the ability to detect iron ions (III) qualitatively and quantitatively.
Preparation and Identification of Carbon Materials from Coffee Grounds
Authors: Liu Genming , Sun Liquan , Zhang Pengke , Wu Yuzhu , Ma Chencan , Su XinYu
Published: September 2020

Carbon materials have been reported to applying extensively on many biological researches. In this paper, the organic carbon component in coffee grounds was extracted to convert the activated carbon, and the adsorption activity of the activated carbon was studied. It was noticed that the two steps of oil extraction and sieving gave a great influence for adsorption activity. Oil extraction in the treatment process made the surface of the coffee grounds form a loose and porous structure and thus the adsorption areas were expanded, which was the important influencing factor. Screening could control the particle diameter of the final product. It was found that the large particles of the unscreened sample formed activated carbon of coffee grounds with adsorption properties. It showed the stronger adsorption activity of the activated carbon than the original coffee grounds, which showed only weak adsorption. The final product obtained after oil extraction and sieving was about 70% higher than the adsorption capacity of commercial activated carbon.
Numerical Simulation of Gas-Assisted Extrusion of Four-Lumen Micro-Catheter based on FEM Method
Authors: Ren Zhong
Published: September 2020

In this work, the gas-assisted extrusion of four-lumen micro-catheter (FLMC) was numerically studied by computed fluid dynamics (CFD) software software Polyflow. The extrudate profiles and die swell ratios of FLMC for the gas-assisted extrusion are gotten, and compared with those of the traditional extrusion. Results show that the die swell of FLMC is eliminated by the gas-assisted extrusion. To analyze the effects of gas-assisted on the elimination of die swell, the flow velocities, pressure, shear stress, and the first normal stress difference distributions of melt were obtained for both extrusions. Results show that compared with the results of traditional extrusion, the radial velocities, pressure, shear stress and the first normal stress difference of FLMC for the gas-assisted extrusion are very little, and the axial flow velocity of melt is uniform, which can reduce the elastic energy storage and finally eliminate the die swell problem.
Using Deep Learning Models Combined with Crowd Emotion Models to Identify Abnormal Behaviors in Crowds
Authors: Li Xiao , Yang Yu , Li Linyang , Xu Yiming
Published: September 2020

Aiming at the problem that the definition of crowd abnormal behavior detection is ambiguous and difficult to combine with context semantics, an algorithm using OCC human emotion model combined with crowd entropy is proposed. First calculate the crowd entropy for the crowd, and determine whether the entropy value is abnormal, if it is abnormal, further extract the optical flow OF and HOG. Then project it into two-dimensional vector data, send it to CNN for local feature extraction and combine with OCC model to achieve the description of crowd emotions. Finally, predict whether the abnormality occurs according to the judgment factor. Verified on the data set, this method shows a high accuracy.
Study on Pyrolytic Mechanism of Composite Solid Propellant Based on Meso Hot Spot Model
Authors: Zhao Jiuling
Published: September 2020

The heat decompose mechanism of HTPB propellant was discussed in micro-structure. A meso-hotspot physical model was established combining chemical kinetics, heat transfer, and AP interface evolving. The proceeding of Heat Decompose of HTPB propellant was simulated. The results show that simulation results were consistent with experimental results. The nature of heat decompose processing of HTPB propellant was discovered.
Study on Stability of Detection System for the Foreign Matter on the Surface of Analgesic Pump Drug Capsule
Authors: Wang Dongfeng , Wang Yongsheng , Xu Rui , Su Jianxiu
Published: September 2020

A tiny material point and foreign body on the storage bag of an analgesic pump will have a bad influence in clinical use. Therefore, in the production, the surface of the analgesic pump storage bag is tested and effectively removed. There are points and foreign objects are very important steps. In this paper, the stability of the foreign body detection system for the surface of 100 ML analgesic pump storage bag was studied. Experiments show that when N=8, 9, 11, that is, 100ML analgesic pump storage bag is connected with regular octagon, regular pentagonal, positive elliptical, the side length meets the design goal. However, since the time for detecting a single 100ML analgesic pump reservoir at N=8 was less than that for N=9, 11. Therefore, the detection of the 100ML analgesic pump storage bag by N=8 is in line with the production requirements. It provides an experimental reference for the efficiency and quality requirements of analgesia pumps in production.
Preparation and Ferroelectric Properties of Ca-doped BaTiO3 Nanotubes
Authors: Ma Mengen , Chen Juntai , Xu Chengshi , Li Huan , Deng Xiangyun
Published: September 2020

In order to explore the microstructures and ferroelectric properties of the Ca-doped BaTiO3 nanotubes, anodic oxidation method was used to generate TiO2 nanotubes. As a template to TiO2 nanotubes, hydrothermal synthesis method was used to prepare the Ca-doped BaTiO3 nanotubes. The microstructures and ferroelectric properties of the Ca-doped BaTiO3 nanotubes arrays, which had gained under different concentrations of calcium hydroxide, was measured and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction instrument and ferroelectric analyzer respectively. The experiments show that with the increase of Ca(OH)2 concentration, TiO2 nanotubes can be transformed into Ba(1-x)CaxTiO3 nanotubes, and the crystallinity is improved. The Ca(OH)2 doping amount can improve the ferroelectric properties of Ba(1-x)CaxTiO3. When the Ca(OH)2 doping amount is 12%, residual polarization strength of the Ba(1-x)CaxTiO3 nanotubes is up to 1.32 µC/cm2 and coercive field can reach 3.37 kV/cm.
Synthesis of GO/Au/Ag Nanocomposite with Excellent Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Effect
Authors: Yang Yongqiang , Wang Ling , Wang Qinsheng , Zhang Yan
Published: September 2020

In this work, a nanocomposite (GO/Au/Ag) containing graphene oxide (GO) and Au/Ag nanoparticles was fabricated by in situ reduction for improved manipulation of their SERS effect. The uniform dispersion of Au/Ag nanoparticles were successfully generated on GO. Rhodamine 6G (R6G) as a Raman probe was used to investigate the SERS effect. Owing to the synergistic effect of the high localized surface plasmon resonance of Au/Ag, and chemical enhancement of GOs, the Raman intensities of R6G on GO/Au/Ag is several times as high as that on Au/Ag or GO/Au. GO/Au/Ag nanocomposites showed excellent Raman enhancement and appeared to be a kind of valuable material with potential application in SERS detection.
Study of Precast Concrete under Different Curing Conditions
Authors: Zhang Jiayang , Lu Guozhong , Guo Zhenlei
Published: September 2020

The strength and durability of precast concrete under different curing conditions were studied from the actual production of precast reinforced concrete member. The results showed that the early strength of concrete at room temperature for 24h, standard steaming for 12h and constant temperature steaming for 12h could all meet the concrete form removal requirements, but the concrete strength by constant temperature steaming for 7d, 28h was lower than room temperature curing and standard steaming. The durability of concrete in steam curing was lower than that in room temperature.
Effect and Mechanism of Coral Powder on the Rheological Properties of Cementitious Materials
Authors: Cao Yin , Wang Ling , Wu Hao , Wang Zhendi , Yao Yan
Published: September 2020

To study the effect and mechanism of micro coral powder on the flow behavior of fresh cement paste, the fluidity and rheological parameters of cement paste with fine coral powder of different dosages were investigated. The influence mechanism of coral powder on rheological properties was investigated by testing the water demand, the adsorption behavior and the zeta potential. Results show that with the increasing dosage of coral powder, the fluidity of the cement paste decreases and the torque of cement paste increases at the same rotation speed. The derived yield stress and plastic viscosity increase with the increasing dosage of coral powder. Because micro coral powder has higher volume and area than cement with the same mass, the water demand ratio of coral powder is very high, which is one of the reasons for the fluidity drop with the coral powder content. With the same dosage of polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE), the adsorption amount and the adsorption ratio of PCE by blended micro coral powder are much higher than that of cement particles. Therefore, compared to cement paste without PCE, the fluidity of cement paste with PCE decreased more significantly at the same coral powder content. In addition, competitive adsorption of Ca2+ between coral and cement particles reduces the positive charge density on the surface of cement particles, causing the decrease of the adsorption capacity of cement particles for PCE, thus affecting its rheological properties.
Study on the Development of Settlement Spatial Form of Famous Historical and Cultural Villages in Mentougou District of Beijing
Authors: Gao Chenglin
Published: September 2020

As the earliest batch of villages that are awarded as “famous Chinese historical and. cultural villages” by the Ministry of Construction and the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, these villages in Mentougou District are pioneers and representatives of famous historical and cultural villages in Beijing. This paper selects Lingshui village in Mentougou District, Beijing as the research object, taking the evolution of settlement spatial form, the construction system and the internal planning as the research points. Then, by analyzing the evolution law of traditional settlement form and the combination relation of spatial model under the natural form, so as to connect the layout, sequence, basic organizational form and network characteristics of each node. In this way, to highlight the overall planning and leading role of management, thus promoting the systematization and standardization of conservation planning, regional system as well as constructional development of famous historical and cultural villages in Beijing.
Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Film with High Exposure {001} Crystalline Surface
Authors: Yuan Chunhua , Yang Huimin
Published: September 2020

TiO2 films with exposed {001} crystal surface were prepared by hydrothermal method with 10 mm * 20 mm * 0.15 mm titanium sheet as titanium source and substrate and HF as shape control agent. The films were characterized by (XRD), (SEM) and (UV-VIS). The results showed that the TiO2 films with high exposure {001} crystal surface could be obtained by using 0.01 mol/L HF, 11:5 mixture of water and isopropanol as solvent, hydrothermal reaction temperature of 180°C, reaction time of 3H and calcination at 450°C for 2h. In this paper, methylene blue was used as probe and xenon lamp was used as light source to study the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 film.
Research on the Condition Evaluation Index of Distribution Network Equipment and Its Application
Authors: Yang Mikai , Hu Hanqing , Liu Xianyong , Han Lin
Published: September 2020

The current researches on investment decision of projects of power grid construction are feasibility studies or post-evaluation of single power grid construction projects. This paper mainly considers two types of index: abnormal state technical indexes and environmental indexes. During studying the investment demand of distribution network, firstly the operation state evaluation model of distribution network is formed to evaluate the equipment state, and then the investment demand is analyzed based on the results of the equipment state evaluation.
The Very-High-Cycle Fatigue Properties of Carbon Fiber Composite under Three-Point Bending
Authors: Ouyang Na , Chen Xuan , Chen Chao , Cui Wenbin
Published: September 2020

This paper starts from the need for an improved testing system of carbon fiber reinforced plastic composites (CFRP) under three-point-bending to investigate its properties under very high cycle fatigue. An improved testing system for composite material under three-point-bending very-high-cycle fatigue has been thus established. It was found that there is no traditional fatigue limit of carbon fiber composite under very high cycle loading conditions, and the CFRP ultra-high-cycle fatigue specimen exhibits three failure morphology, namely matrix damage at the intersection of fiber bundles, matrix voids near parallel sections of fiber bundles, and penetration of the matrix.
Pulse Couple Neural Network Based on Visual Perception
Authors: Pan Gai , Kong Xiangyong
Published: September 2020

The traditional pulse coupled neural network model only considers the spatial position information between neurons, but neglects sensitivity of human visual perception to luminance change, especially when the brightness is high or low, the visual sensitivity of the human eye is relatively low, and in a certain range of brightness, the visual sensitivity of the human eye is relatively high, so it is easy to have false segmentation. In order to solve this problem of the traditional pulse coupled neural network model, this paper redescribes the connection weights between neurons by using the human eye luminance weight factor, and obtains the new pulse coupled neural network model based on visual perception. Through the simulation experiment of life images, experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is better than the traditional pulse coupled neural network model.
Evaluation of Environmental Performance Using the Green City Index in Depok City, Indonesia
Authors: Hakim  , Endangsih Tri
Published: September 2020

Green City Index as a reference to measure environmental performance and improve environmental quality. The growth and development of cities raises environmental problems, especially for cities that have strong connections to the capital of Indonesia such as Depok City. This study aims to obtain the value of environmental performance in the city of Depok with quantitative methods based on the Green City Index with eight assessment categories. The results of this study indicate that the environmental performance of the City of Depok with an average percentage of all categories of 50.2%. Average performance falls into six categories, namely, Energy and CO2, Land Use and Building, Waste, Sanitation, Air Quality and Environmental Governance. While the below average performance in the Transport and Waste category and above average performance in the Water category. For the assessment of community perceptions through the Index of Happiness obtained by 60% of happy people, 23% of people are very happy and 17% of people less happy about the state of the surrounding environment. So it can be concluded that the majority of the people of Depok City are happy living in Depok City with the current environmental conditions.
Analysis of Serang City Infrastructure Service Satisfaction Index (ISSI) and Direction of Utilization of Village Funds
Authors: Nurfindarti E
Published: September 2020

Research on infrastructure service satisfaction index, the direction of infrastructure development at the village level, and utilization of villages funds is still very minimal. The direction for the utilization of villages funds, in general, has been regulated in legislation, but there is no reference yet regarding the type of infrastructure that needs to be built in the villages, even though the process of infrastructure development planning is included in the development accountability assessment. The focus of this research is to analyze the direction of urban infrastructure development using village funds through analysis of the infrastructure service satisfaction index, community proposals, and the results of development evaluations. The research method used is qualitative through content analysis and interviews with village officials and planning officials in Serang City. The results showed that the acquisition of the infrastructure service satisfaction index value for each sub-district became a reference in determining the development of urban infrastructure, paying attention to the proposals of community priorities submitted at the meeting of urban residents, increasing the capacity of the apparatus and improving the development planning application system.
Strengthening and Supporting Efforts to Reduce Swelling of Soil by Using Beach Sands Through CBR Test
Authors: Endaryanta  , Wibowo D E
Published: September 2020

Many roads are damaged due to heavy tonnage vehicles or because the road foundation is in the form of expansive clay. The rescue effort is to use beach sand (sea sand) for stabilization / repair of road sub-grade in the form of clay. This research using experimental method to carried out by repairing/stabilizing soil clay by mixing beach sand. Sand content varies from 60%, 80%, to 100%. Mixed soil was compacted at optimum water content, then tested by CBR test and Swelling test. The results of this study are CBR (strong-support) and Swelling (development) values. Mixing: 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100% beach sand against clay, able to increase the CBR value by a row: 7.3%; 9.6%; 11.8%; 18.5%; 25.2% (Lendah clay, Unsoaked), and 6.2%; 9.8%; 13.4%; 19.3%; 25.2% (Lendah clay, Soaked). The Prambanan clay, the yield is slightly smaller than the Lendah clay. The Swelling value is: 0.095%; 0.055%; 0.015%; - 0.107%; -0.229% (Lendah clay), almost the same as Prambanan clay. Here it can be seen that mixing beach sand will always increase the CBR value, but if the percentage of sand is too much, the soil will easily collapse (negative swelling). The conclusion is that in the clay mixture with beach sand the optimum percentage of beach sand will be 85%.
Comparative Study of Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithms in Solving Size, Topology, and Shape Optimization
Authors: Harsono K , Prayogo D , Prasetyo K E , Wong F T , Tjandra D
Published: September 2020

This paper focuses on optimizing truss structures while propose best PSO variants. Truss optimization is one way to make the design efficient. There are three types of optimization, size optimization, shape optimization, and topology optimization. By combining size, shape and topology optimization, we can obtain the most efficient structure. Metaheuristics have the ability to solve this problem. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is metaheuristic algorithm which is frequently used to solve many optimization problems. PSO mimics the behavior of flocking birds looking for food. But PSO has three parameters that can interfere with its performance, so this algorithm is not adaptive to diverse problems. Many PSO variants have been introduced to solve this problem, including linearly decreasing inertia weight particles swarm optimization (LDWPSO) and bare bones particles swarm optimization (BBPSO). The metaheuristic method is used to find the solution, while DSM s used to analyze the structure. A 10-bar truss structure and a 39-bar truss structure are considered as case studies. The result indicates that BBPSO beat other two algorithms in terms of best result, consistency, and convergence behaviour in both cases. LDWPSO took second place for the three categories, leaving PSO as the worst algorithm that tested.
Prediction of Concrete Compressive Strength Using Artificial Intelligence Methods
Authors: Muliauwan H N , Prayogo D , Gaby G , Harsono K
Published: September 2020

Concrete is one of the most used materials in buildings today; yet, predicting the accurate concrete compressive strength remains challenging because of the highly complex relationship between its mixture. An accurate method of predicting concrete compressive strength can provide a significant advantage to the construction material industry, particularly within the concrete material industry. Many methods can be used to build the prediction model of concrete compressive strength. However, the traditional methods have so many shortcomings, including expensive experimental costs and the inability to formulate an accurate complex relationship between the components of a concrete mixture with the compressive strength. To overcome this issue, this study applies multiple artificial intelligence (AI) methods to find the most accurate input and output relationships within concrete mixtures. The three types of AI methods that will be used in this study are artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), and linear regression (LR). This study uses 1030 data samples from concrete compressive strength tests obtained from University of California, Irvine, to demonstrate the use of AI prediction models. The obtained results of the simulation show that these artificial intelligence methods can build predictive models without conducting any expensive experiments in the laboratory with good accuracy.
Correlation Model Between Estimated Project Cost and Net Present Value (NPV) on Transportation Infrastructure Projects Using Public Private Partnership (PPP) Scheme
Authors: Islami R C , Hazhiyah A U
Published: September 2020

Public Private Partnership (PPP) scheme has been used throughout the world as an effective tool to fill the gap between the surge in infrastructure development needs and the shrinking of public fiscal budget. The Ministry of Public Works and Housing 2030’s vision is focused on the construction of infrastructure. The state budget related to road infrastructure development around Rp 1.796 trillion but not all the needs fit to the budget. The aim of this research are identify field facts related to infrastructure financing with PPP, create correlation model and evaluate the suitability of the model. The success factor implementation of Public Private Partnership (PPP) scheme is the positive value of Net Present Value (NPV) that indicates the project is feasible. The correlation model between estimated project cost and Net Present Value (NPV) performed using statistical analysis is also used to make financial scheme from user-pay and government-pay on the PPP. The correlation model is Yt = 102.227.962 + 0,1098892t which the variable t can be changed into the number of estimation concession period. The result from this research are expected as a reference in determining project cost and negotiating the equity financial between user-pay and government-pay on PPP’s project.
The Effect of Combining Coal Fly Ash and Lokan Shells As Filler Towards The Mixture Of Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course
Authors: Chaira  , Veranita
Published: September 2020

Sustainable construction is expected to create a quality environment so that environmental sustainability is maintained. The use of coal as fuel for PLTU have a negative impact on the environment, because it produces waste in the form of fly ash and bottom ash. Lokan freshwater is widely used as a food ingredient. This research study a mixture of AC-WC asphalt using coal fly ash and lokan shell ash as a filler. Research is needed to determine the durability and performance of the pavement that uses these waste materials by using asphalt pen 60/70 as a binder. This study uses Marshall Method and using three variations in the percentage of coal fly ash and lokan shell ash to the total filler. The highest stability obtained at V1 with a value of 1,389.158 kg. Marshall test conducted on the AC-WC blend on OAC for the mixture variation of V1, V2, V3, disclosed that Stability, flow, MQ, VMA and VFB values were acquiescent to the required specification. For the value of VIM on V1 and V3 were not acquiescent to the required spesification. The coal fly ash and lokan shells as filler recommended for alternative material on a mixture of AC-WC.
Development of Subsidized Housing Scheme with Sustainable Transportation: A Case Study of Housing in the Urban Fringe of Semarang and Kendal
Authors: Indriyanti A , Ismiyati  , Sunaryo B
Published: September 2020

The increase in the price of buying houses by 23.77% in the first quarter of 2019 has caused severe challenges. This made the Indonesian government create a subsidized housing program through the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing No 21/PRT/M/2016. This is necessary because the existing subsidized housing is far from the city center and does not pay attention to integrated public transportation as well as the high use of private vehicles causing the value of the degree of saturation to reach 0.77 on housing access which makes the whole scheme environmentally unfriendly. Therefore, this research was conducted to analyze the factors influencing the community to select a subsidized housing program and determine the design of its integration with sustainable transportation using simulation methods. The findings showed the most influential factors were accessibility and choice of transportation modes while the ideal simulation reported the use of integrated transportation in the construction of subsidized housing, by making all private vehicle passengers shift to public transportation in Kendal District reduced the highest saturation level (DS) from 0.77 to 0.07 and CO2 emissions by 47.71%. Therefore, the revision of government policies on integrated transportation in subsidized housing is recommended.
Portable Fume Hood as an Environmentally Friendly Laboratory Tool to Neutralize Acid Contamination
Authors: Amri C
Published: September 2020

A portable fume hood design with an acid pollution absorber filter was prepared. This study aims to: (1) make a portable fume hood equipped with an acid contaminant absorbent filter housing, and (2) determine the length of time the ability of the lime granule can function as an acid contaminant absorbent filter. This study is a quasi-experimental study using posttest only with control group design to assess the feasibility of using lime granules as acid absorbent filters on portable fume hoods. Data analysis was performed by regression using the Excel program. The results of the study are as follows: (1) portable fume hood that use acid-absorbent filters have been made, (2) The average length of time the ability of lime granules can function as an acid contaminant absorbent filter on the use of a portable fume hood at a lime granule weight of 0.5; 1,0; 1,5; and 2.0, respectively 222, 589, 880, and 1219 minutes. This relationship can be estimated with a regression equation Y = 0.619X -36.71. Which Y is the ability of lime granule as absorbent of acid contamination, and X is the weight of lime granule.
Performance of Biodrying Process based on Temperature Profile and Cumulation
Authors: Zaman B , Budihardjo M A , Yasmin S M M , Purwono
Published: September 2020

The biodrying process of solid waste is an approach to the use of biomass energy, where solid waste is dried using the heat generated from aerobic degradation of organic matter. Temperature profile and cumulation of the solid waste biodrying process are the success factors in drying solid waste. The reactor used is made of plywood with dimensions of (30 × 30 × 100) cm equipped with a heat sink using Thermoshield Universal to minimize heat loss. Aeration discharge at the biodrying process reactor is 0.023 m3/kg/h. The results showed a maximum temperature of 61°C produced from the bottom layer of the biodrying reactor (addition of 6 l / min air flow) on the first day at 10:00 pm. Cumulation temperature in the bottom layer of the biodrying reactor for 21 days of research reached 186.9°C. This value is a source of heat generated from the decomposition of waste under aerobic conditions. Based on the three layers, it can be concluded that the bottom layer produces higher temperature cumulation than the top or middle layer. This research can be a reference for determining temperature monitoring points and knowing Temperature cumulation generated from the waste decomposition process using biodrying technology.
Study of Sediment Transport in Krueng Meureubo River of Padang Mancang Village Kaway XVI Sub District Aceh Barat District
Authors: Ikhsan M , Safriani M , Fitrah N K
Published: September 2020

This research was conducted to see the rate of sediment transport in the Krueng Meureubo watershed in Padang Mancang Village, Kaway XVI Subdistrict, West Aceh Regency, where in this village floods often occur due to overflowing of the river, which is predicted to occur due to river silting. The ability of the river to accommodate the flow at the time of flood discharge decreases due to siltation caused by sedimentation of sediment grains originating from erosion of land in the watershed area. Soil erosion is caused by erosion of soil layers due to rain that occurs on land that is prone to erosion, such as open land, forests that have been damaged due to illegal logging and areas whose land functions are transferred. Method used to analyze the sediment transport rate in the Krueng Seunagan watershed is Yang’s method, where the data to be analyzed is primary data in the form of direct measurement results in the field such as river cross-section data, flow velocity and bedload sampling using a sediment trap and suspended load in the river. the amount of sediment transport that occurred along the Meurebo River in Padang Mancang Village was 52.7634168 tons / year.
Potential Benefit of Industrial Symbiosis using Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Ismail Y
Published: September 2020

Industry symbiosis is an environmental management approach that is part of industrial ecology. Industrial symbiosis requires a measurement tool that can measure intangible flows or non-physical flow. Creating industrial symbiosis at industrial estate can be done by uncovering industrial symbiosis, which is seeing the opportunity of material, energy, by product or water change. The potential flow of material and energy could build by seeing the opportunity of changing based on the raw material used and waste or by product produced. The objective of this paper is to saw the potential creating industrial symbiosis using LCA. Literature review and observation method used for data collection and Hyundai industrial estate choose as a population. Descriptively method used for data analysis method. The result showed the potential industrial symbiosis could proceed to see the opportunity by saw the result of LCA. LCA is a measurement tool that can be used in measuring all material and/or energy that used in industry. From LCA gate-to-gate analysis founded that waste and by product produced which were the emission, scrap and CO2emission could show clearly. Thus, LCA is a very useful tool in uncovering industrial symbiosis and could measure the environmental impact of applying industrial symbiosis.
Biosand Filter for Removal of Organic Pollutant from Laboratory Wastewater
Authors: Primasari B , Indah S , Afrianita R , Rahmatesa F
Published: September 2020

This research aims to investigate the ability of biosand filter to remove organic pollutants from laboratory wastewater. Biosand filter is a simple treatment using fine sand, coarse sand and gravel media. In the biosand filter, the biofilm growth occurs on the top surface of the media. The observed parameter for organic content was BOD and COD. The media in the biosand filter reactor were fine sand: coarse sand: gravel with a depth ratio of 50: 5: 5 cm. The biofilm growing process was carried out for 15 days by immersing the media with samples. The substrate was added to the reactor in the 10th day to accelerate biofilm growth. During the growth of the biofilm, the dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and temperature were also observed. After the biofilm growth, the biosand filter was operated intermittently for 14 days, which is an hour operation and a pause period of 47 hours, repeatedly until 29 days. The applied flow rate was 0.6 L / min. The results showed that BOD removal efficiency was 76.9%, and COD removal efficiency was 73.5%. The biosand filter reduced BOD concentration from 161.5 mg/L to 36.1 mg/L and reduced COD concentration from 202.4 mg/L to 52.8 mg/L.
Causal effects of Indian Ocean Dipole on El Niño–Southern Oscillation during 1950–2014 based on high-resolution models and reanalysis data
Authors: Le Thanh , Ha Kyung-Ja , Bae Deg-Hyo , Kim Seon-Ho
Published: September 2020

Uncertainty exists regarding the interaction between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) where ENSO is normally expected to be the leading mode. Moreover, the effect of global warming on the relationship between these two modes remains unexplored. Therefore, we investigated the ENSO–IOD linkage for the years 1950–2014 using reanalysis data and high-resolution climate model simulations. The 1950–2014 period is of particular interest as rapid Indian Ocean warming since the 1950s has had a huge impact worldwide. Our results showed that the IOD had robust causal effects on ENSO, whereas the impact of ENSO on IOD exhibited lower confidence. All models demonstrated that the IOD was unlikely to have no causal effects on ENSO, whereas eight out of 15 studied models and the reanalysis data showed significant causal effects at the 10% significance level. The analyses provide new evidence that ENSO interannual variability might be forced by changes in Indo-Pacific Walker circulation induced by the IOD. Weak control of ENSO on the IOD is likely due to nonsignificant effects of ENSO on the western tropical Indian Ocean, implying that the rapid warming environment in the Indian Ocean may fundamentally modulate the relationship between the IOD and ENSO. We find high agreement between the models and reanalysis data in simulating the ENSO–IOD connection. These results indicate that the effects of the IOD on ENSO might be more significant than previously thought.
Reduction of response time in transmissive optically addressed spatial light modulator using solution-based ZnO NP/PEDOT:PSS heterojunction
Authors: Chang Xin , Li Jin , Shrestha Pawan Kumar , Li Shunpu , Surowiecka Kasia , Chu Daping
Published: September 2020

An optically addressed spatial light modulator (OASLM) works by using the intensity of a ‘write’ light to modulate the phase of a ‘read’ light. OASLM using ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) as a photoconductor is important to holographic displays because of its record-high spatial resolution. However, its response time to the write light is long and the switch-off time (τoff) can take tens of seconds due to the trap states in the ZnO NP layer. This results in residual images and poses limitations to its application in dynamic holographic displays. In this work, a ZnO NP photoconductor was replaced by a solution-processed ZnO NP/PEDOT:PSS heterojunction photodiode and the τoff of OASLM was significantly reduced to about 0.6 s. Electrical and optical properties of the heterojunction were characterized and a barrier height of 0.604 eV was determined by CV measurement. The heterojunction-based OASLM was then fabricated and its light modulating performance was investigated by using a diffractive phase grating. Finally, impedance spectroscopy was used to analysis the device equivalent circuit and optimize the operation of the OASLM.
Onwards to the ice giants
Authors: Leigh Fletcher
Published: September 2020

Leigh N Fletcher describes the international effort to launch ambitious new missions to the distant ice giants Uranus and Neptune, to provide the first comprehensive exploration of these “missing links” in our solar system.
The PRESSURE score to predict decompressive craniectomy after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: Jabbarli Ramazan , Darkwah Oppong Marvin , Roelz Roland , Pierscianek Daniela , Shah Mukesch , Dammann Philipp , Scheiwe Christian , Kaier Klaus , Wrede Karsten H , Beck Jürgen , Sure Ulrich
Published: September 2020

The prognosis of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage requiring decompressive craniectomy is usually poor. Proper selection and early performing of decompressive craniectomy might improve the patients’ outcome. We aimed at developing a risk score for prediction of decompressive craniectomy after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. All consecutive aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage cases treated at the University Hospital of Essen between January 2003 and June 2016 (test cohort) and the University Medical Center Freiburg between January 2005 and December 2012 (validation cohort) were eligible for this study. Various parameters collected within 72 h after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage were evaluated through univariate and multivariate analyses to predict separately primary (PrimDC) and secondary decompressive craniectomy (SecDC). The final analysis included 1376 patients. The constructed risk score included the following parameters: intracerebral (‘Parenchymal’) haemorrhage (1 point), ‘Rapid’ vasospasm on angiography (1 point), Early cerebral infarction (1 point), aneurysm Sac > 5 mm (1 point), clipping (‘Surgery’, 1 point), age Under 55 years (2 points), Hunt and Hess grade ≥ 4 (‘Reduced consciousness’, 1 point) and External ventricular drain (1 point). The PRESSURE score (0–9 points) showed high diagnostic accuracy for the prediction of PrimDC and SecDC in the test (area under the curve = 0.842/0.818) and validation cohorts (area under the curve = 0.903/0.823), respectively. 63.7% of the patients scoring ≥6 points required decompressive craniectomy (versus 12% for the PRESSURE < 6 points, P < 0.0001). In the subgroup of the patients with the PRESSURE ≥6 points and absence of dilated/fixed pupils, PrimDC within 24 h after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage was independently associated with lower risk of unfavourable outcome (modified Rankin Scale >3 at 6 months) than in individuals with later or no decompressive craniectomy (P < 0.0001). Our risk score was successfully validated as reliable predictor of decompressive craniectomy after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. The PRESSURE score might present a background for a prospective randomized clinical trial addressing the utility of early prophylactic decompressive craniectomy in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.
Neurological manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2—a controversy ‘gone viral’
Authors: Förster Moritz , Weyers Vivien , Küry Patrick , Barnett Michael , Hartung Hans-Peter , Kremer David
Published: September 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 first appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and developed into a worldwide pandemic within the following 3 months causing severe bilateral pneumonia (coronavirus disease 2019) with in part fatal outcomes. After first experiences and tentative strategies to face this new disease, several cases were published describing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection related to the onset of neurological complaints and diseases such as, for instance, anosmia, stroke or meningoencephalitis. Of note, there is still a controversy about whether or not there is a causative relation between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and these neurological conditions. Other concerns, however, seem to be relevant as well. This includes not only the reluctance of patients with acute neurological complaints to report to the emergency department for fear of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 but also the ethical and practical implications for neurology patients in everyday clinical routine. This paper aims to provide an overview of the currently available evidence for the occurrence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the central and peripheral nervous system and the neurological diseases potentially involving this virus.
Social and Medical Gender Transition and Acceptance of Biological Sex
Authors: Watt Helen
Published: September 2020

Biological sex should be “acknowledged” and “accepted”—but which responses to gender dysphoria might this preclude? Trans-identified people may factually acknowledge their biological sex and regard transition as purely palliative. While generally some level of self-deception and even a high level of nonlying deception of others are sometimes justified, biological sex is important, and there is a nontrivial onus against even palliative, nonsexually motivated cross-dressing. The onus is higher against co-opting the body, even in a minor and/or reversible way, to make a false communication concerning one’s sex. Hardest to defend is the destruction of sexual–reproductive functions and causally downstream functions such as lactation: due to the transcendent nature of sexual–reproductive functions, an appeal to the “principle of totality” here is misplaced. This is not to say that social, and milder medical, transition is absolutely excluded even for severe unmanageable dysphoria, nor that subsequent to any transition, detransition is necessarily required.
The Central Bank Governor and Interest Rate Setting by Committee
Authors: van Ommeren Emile , Piccillo Giulia
Published: September 2020

This article studies the role of central bank governors in monetary policy decisions taken by a committee. To carry out this analysis, we constructed a novel dataset of committee voting behaviour for six OECD countries for up to three decades. Using a range of Taylor rule specifications, we show that a change in governor significantly affects interest rate setting. We also observe systematic differences in interest rate rules based on the political party appointing the governor, with more inflation-averse policies under governors that are appointed by a right-wing political authority. We show the robustness of this result by using a wider dataset (including over 3000 observations from 12 countries). (JEL codes: E02, E5, P16)
Investigating impacts of and susceptibility to rail noise playback across freshwater fishes reveals counterintuitive response profiles
Authors: Friebertshauser Ryan J , Holt Daniel E , Johnston Carol E , Smith Matthew G , Mendonça Mary T
Published: September 2020

While the expansion of anthropogenic noise studies in aquatic habitats has produced conservation-based results for a range of taxa, relatively little attention has been paid to the potential impacts on stream fishes. Recent work has shown responses to road noise in single species of stream fish; however, assemblage-wide effects of anthropogenic noise pollution have not yet been investigated. By examining five metrics of disturbance across four ecologically and evolutionarily disparate species of stream fishes, a series of laboratory experiments aimed to describe the effects of and species susceptibility to anthropogenic noise playback. Each species studied represented a unique combination of hearing sensitivity and water column position. Physiological and behavioral metrics were compared across the presence and absence of rail-noise noise playback in four target species. Through repeated subsampling, the temporal dynamics of cortisol secretion in response to noise in two target species were additionally described. Rail-noise playback had no statistically significant effect on blood glucose or water-borne cortisol levels, with the exception of decreased cortisol in noise-exposed largescale stoneroller (Campostoma oligolepis). Time-course cortisol experiments revealed rapid secretion and showed minimal effects of noise at most observation points. The presence of noise produced significant changes in ventilation rate and swimming parameters in a portion of the four species observed representing the most conserved responses. Overall, effects of noise were observed in species contrary to what would be hypothesized based on theoretical hearing sensitivity and water column position demonstrating that predicting susceptibility to this type of stressor cannot be accomplished based off these course considerations alone. More importantly, we show that anthropogenic noise can disrupt a variety of behavioral and physiological processes in certain taxa and should be further investigated via measures of fitness in the wild.
Educating American Lawyers: The New Haven School’s Jurisprudence of Personal Character
Authors: Derrig Ríán
Published: September 2020

Using previously unexploited archival sources and unpublished teaching materials, this article rereads Harold Lasswell and Myres McDougal’s earliest 1943 statement of policy-oriented jurisprudence – what would become known as the ‘New Haven School’ – and examines their wartime careers in government and academia. It breaks with widely held current understandings of the New Haven School. First, Lasswell and McDougal’s work is re-periodized. Instead of a reactionary answer lawyers offered to international relations realists in the 1940s, I argue that policy-oriented jurisprudence was a product of interwar insecurities and the rising culture of American modernism from the 1920s. Second, notwithstanding frequent associations of the jurisprudence with interventionist, anti-communist American foreign policy during the Cold War, the article emphasizes Lasswell and McDougal’s engagement with progressive politics of the early 20th century – New Deal social planning and redistribution; psychoanalytically inspired social critique; Marxism and socialism. Third, I argue that the school’s primary intellectual origins are to be found not in American legal realism or positivist social science, but in philosophical pragmatism and psychoanalysis.