bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crop-Ecology and Post-harvest distillation method: The key regulators for yield and composition of essential oil of Valeriana jatamansi
Authors: Thakur Babit Kumar , - Shivani , Mahajan Mitali , Pal Probir Kumar
Published: August 2021

Valeriana jatamansi is an important temperate herb, which is used for pharmaceutical and essential oil industries. In India, this species is now at the verge of extinction due to the over-exploitation of its rhizomes from its natural habitat. It is hypothesized that the variations in bioactive compounds in its essential oil are very high among the wild populations as well as cultivated sources. Thus, the study was conducted to evaluate the chemical profiling of essential oil of four wild populations (Rupena, Kugti, Garola, Khani) and two cultivated sources (CSIR-IHBT, Saloonie), which were distilled at three consecutive days. The variation in oil concentration in root/rhizome was found significant (P ≤ 0.05), and the maximum value (0.35%) was registered with the population collected from Kugti and Khani. In essential oil, irrespective of population and distillation day, patchouli alcohol was the major compound, which ranged from 19 to 63.1%. The maximum value (63.1%) was recorded with the essential oil obtained from Garola's population and distilled on the first day. The percentage of seychellene was abruptly increased with subsequent days of extraction in all the populations. The multivariate analysis revealed that the essential oil profiles of Rupena, Kugti, Garola, and CSIR-IHBT populations were found similar during the first day of distillation. However, during the second day Rupena, Kugti, Khani, and CSIR-IHBT come under the same ellipse of 0.95% coefficient. The results suggest that the population of Kugti is superior in terms of oil concentration (0.35%) with a higher proportion of patchouli alcohol (63% on the first day). Thus, repeated distillation is recommended for higher recovery of essential oil. Moreover, repeated distillation can be used to attain V. jatamansi essential oil with differential and perhaps targeted definite chemical profile.
Soil Biological Community and Chemical Characteristics of Evergreen and Deciduous Shrub Islands in an Alpine Shrub Meadow
Authors: Sha Moyu , Jin Huiqin , Wang Lifeng , Zhou Yu , You Chengming , Wang Lixia , Li Han , Zhang Li , Tan Bo , Xu Zhengfeng , Zhang Jian , Liu Yang
Published: August 2021

Aim Global change is driving shrub expansion in alpine and Arctic tundra, increasing the size and number of shrub islands. This phenomenon can directly affect the vegetation microclimate and indirectly affect biogeochemical cycling. However, it is unclear how shrub island formation, with a shift in dominant vegetation from graminoids to deciduous or evergreen shrub islands, affects the alpine biochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and decomposer diversity and activity. Methods Two dominant shrub species in the alpine shrub meadow in the eastern Tibetan Plateau were selected. Rhododendron lapponicum (RL) represents evergreen shrubs, and Sorbus rufopilosa (SR) represents deciduous shrubs. Soil fauna community diversity, soil microbial biomass, extracellular enzyme activity and enzyme stoichiometry of the organic soil layer (OL) and mineral soil layer (ML) were determined. Results Presence of shrub islands significantly affected nutrient cycling and microbial processes. Compared with the SR shrub island, the RL shrub island featured lower soil total nitrogen and microbial biomass carbon; lower total microbial phospholipid fatty acid, Gram-negative bacteria and total bacteria contents; and higher enzyme activities of β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase. The OL response was greater than the ML response, especially in terms of enzyme activities. Conclusion Evergreen and deciduous shrub islands in an alpine shrub meadow had differences in soil biological communities and nutrient cycling, we suspect the OL was more sensitive than the ML to the shrub expansion in the alpine tundra.
Relationship between Job Satisfaction, Burnout, and Depressive Symptoms in Physicians: A Cross-sectional Study based on the Employment Demand Control Model
Authors: Villarreal-Zegarra David , Lázaro-Illatopa Wilder Iván , Castillo-Blanco Ronald , Cabieses Baltica , Blukacz Alice , Bellido-Boza Luciana , Mezones-Holguin Edward
Published: August 2021

We evaluated the relationship between job satisfaction, burnout syndrome, and depressive symptoms among Peruvian physicians using the job demand–control framework. We carried out a secondary data analysis of the National Survey of Satisfaction of Users in Health 2016 in Peru. The first part was based on the association among the variables based on the job demand–control framework. The second part focused on estimating the acceptability of the proposed model based on the study variables through the structural equation modeling technique. A total of 2,100 physicians were included, and the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 3.3%. Physicians who had a work-related illness were more than twice as likely to have depressive symptoms (PR=2.23) compared with those who did not. The first predictive model based on the variables, depressive symptoms, burnout syndrome, and job satisfaction had a low goodness-of-fit index. Therefore, for a second evaluation, models with correlated errors were considered, and optimal goodness-of-fit indices were found (CFI=0.974; RMSEA=0.060). Our study identified a stable model to explain the relationship between job satisfaction, burnout, and depressive symptoms among physicians. The results are consistent with the job demand–control framework and can be applied to decision making in occupational contexts in Peru.
NQO1 Alleviates Renal Fibrosis by Inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Qiu Duojun , Song Shan , Bian Yawei , Yuan Chen , zhang wei , Shi Yonghong , Duan Huijun
Published: August 2021

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the main complications of diabetes, inflammation and fibrosis play an important role in its progress. NAD (P) H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) protects cells from oxidative stress and toxic quinone damage. In present study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of NQO1 on diabetes-induced renal inflammation and fibrosis. Methods: In vivo, adeno-associated virus serotype 9 was used to infect the kidneys of type 2 diabetes model db/db mice to overexpress NQO1. In vitro, human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) transfected with NQO1 pcDNA were cultured in high glucose. The gene and protein expression were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemical staining. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species was detected by MitoSox red. Result: Our study revealed that the expression of NQO1 was markedly down-regulated, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TGF-β1 upregulated in vivo and in vitro under diabetic conditions. Overexpression of NQO1 suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion (IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1), extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation (collagen Ⅳ, Fibronectin) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) (α-SMA, E-cadherin) in db/db mice kidney and high glucose cultured human renal tubular cells (HK-2). Furthermore, NQO1 overexpression ameliorated high glucose-induced TLR4/NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad pathway activation. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that TLR4 inhibitor (TAK-242) suppressed TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion, EMT and ECM-related protein expression in HG-exposed HK-2 cells. In addition, we found that antioxidants NAC and tempol increased the expression of NQO1, decreased the expression of TLR4, TGF-β1, Nox1, Nox4 and ROS production in HK-2 cells cultured with high glucose. Conclusions: These above data suggest that NQO1 alleviates diabetes-induced renal inflammation and fibrosis by regulating TLR4/NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways.
Implementing Population-wide Mass Media Campaigns: Key Driving Factors to Meet Global Recommendations on Fruit and Vegetable Consumption
Authors: Phulkerd Sirinya , Thapsuwan Sasinee , Chamratrithirong Aphichat , Gray Rossarin Soottipong , Pattaravanich Umaporn , Ungchusak Chantana , Saonuam Pairoj
Published: August 2021

Background While the influence of implementation of mass media and community-based campaigns has been evident elsewhere, this information has been notably absent in Thailand. This study aimed to investigate the association between implementation of mass media campaigns (MMC) and community-based campaigns (CBC) for increased fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption to meet the global recommended level in the Thai population. Methods The sample was obtained from a nationally-representative, longitudinal household survey of the Thai population, Wave1 (2018) and Wave2 (2019). The study applied a multi-stage sampling design to obtain a sample of persons age 15 years or older. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 3,010 respondents who successfully participated in both Wave1 and Wave2 surveys. Information on FV consumption, exposure to Government MMC, ThaiHealth MMC including social marketing (MMSMC) and CBC, and sociodemographic characteristics were collected. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between implementation of those campaigns and increased FV consumption compared to the recommended level. Results Of the total respondents, only 11.3% had higher FV consumption and also met the minimum requirement. Respondents who lived in rural areas, were farmers, and grew FV at home had the highest probability of increased FV consumption. Exposure to the MMC and CBC was also associated with an increase in FV consumption. Above all, those who had exposure to the MMSMC, who reported either having high level of perception (OR=1.832, 95% CI 1.259-2.666) or ever heard or seen (OR=1.770, 95% CI 1.264-2.479) or heard and seen (OR=1.698, 95% CI 1.131-2.550) campaign information were more likely to have a substantial increase in FV consumption and meeting/exceeding the recommended level than those who were not exposed to these campaigns. Other associated factors include education, occupation and physical activity. Conclusions Implementation of MMSMC can help the population meet the global recommended level of FV consumption. MMC and CBC should also be promoted together with support systems to increase their intensity to a level that can increase population FV consumption to meet the recommended level. Sociodemographic characteristics should be taken into account, and targeted media is needed to effectively reach specific sub-groups of the population.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 during the first wave in Senegal
Authors: Lawson Agbogbenkou Tevi Déla-dem , Dieng Mamour , Faye Fulgence Abdou , Diaw Papa Alassane , Kempf Christian , Berthe Adama , Diop Madoky Maguette , Martinot Martin , Diop Sylvie Audrey
Published: August 2021

BackgroundFew studies have focused on the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on African populations. During the first wave (May 1, 2020 to July 31, 2020), all patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in the Thiès medical region of Senegal were isolated in two types of treatment centers of epidemics (TCEs): hospitals (hTCEs) or out-of-hospital TCE (oTCEs). We have described the demographic characteristics and outcomes of patients in TCEs.MethodsResultsA total 600 cases of COVID-19 were diagnosed. The median age of the patients was 34.0 years; 357 (59.5%) were men and 243 (40.5%) were women. The incidence of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)–positive findings of COVID-19 was 12 per 100,000 inhabitants per month. Forty-six (7.7%) patients with severe or critical disease and 99 (16.5%) patients with high-risk conditions and nonsevere disease were hospitalized in hTCEs; 455 (75.8%) patients were quarantined in the oTCEs. In hTCEs, the severely ill patients had a median age of 68 (range, 52–88) years and were older than both the less ill patients in the hTCEs (median age, 45 years; range, 7–78 years; p < 0.0001) and the patients in oTCEs (median age, 30 years; range, 1–86 years; p < 0.0001). Nine patients (7 men, 2 women) died (median age, 73 years; range, 52–88 years); thus the total case fatality rate was 1.5%. Of the patients quarantined in the oTCEs, 340 (74.7%) had no symptoms, and 115 (25.3%) had mild or moderate symptoms; only 2 (0.4%) developed severe disease during the follow-up period. ConclusionIn this retrospective cohort, patients were young (median age, 34.0 years) and mostly asymptomatic (67.8%); the overall fatality rate was low at 1.5%.
Surgical Management of Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of Pancreas- An Experience from Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Bhatta Rohit , Irrinki Santosh , Gupta Vikas , Yadav Thakur Deen , Sakaray Yashwant Raj , Kumar Hemanth , Nada Ritambhra , Singh Harjeet
Published: August 2021

Background:Solid Pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) is uncommon and constitutes to 1-2% of pancreatic tumors. Owing to its rarity, literature is spare on its clinicopathological characteristics and surgical outcomes.MethodsOur study is a retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained data of patients with histologically proven SPN between January,2012 and December,2019. Patients Demography, clinical presentation, preoperative imaging, operative details, perioperative outcomes and long term follow up were recorded and analyzed. ResultsA total of 14 patients were included in the study, all were females with a median age of 19.5 years (range 15 - 35 years). All presented with pain abdomen. Eight (57.1%) out of 14 patients were correctly diagnosed with Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) abdomen. CECT revealed sloid cystic well encapsulated lesions in 12(85.7%) and homogenous mass lesions without cystic changes in 2(14.2%) patients. The most common tumor location was Head/uncinate process (57.1%). Eight (57.1%) underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy and 6 (42.8%) had undergone distal pancreatectomy. The mean size of tumour was 9.5cm(2.8-14cm). The median postoperative stay was 9 days(range 4-20 days). Seven patients (50%) developed post-operative pancreatic fistula (Grade-A-6/7,Grade-B-1/7) and delayed gastric emptying (DGE) were noted in two (14.2%).R0 resection could be achieved in 13 patients (92.8%). Median follow up period was 49.5 months. One patient had postoperative recurrence after 48 months of surgery.ConclusionSPN is a rare tumor of pancreas. Lack of preoperative predictors for malignant potential complete oncological resections is essential for potential cure.
Application of a three-dimensional virtual model to study the effect of fluoroscopic angle on infra-acetabular corridor parameters and screw insertion rates
Authors: Ma Nengfeng , Hu Xufeng , Tao Zhoushan , Yang Min
Published: August 2021

Purpose

To use three-dimensional (3D) virtual models to study how the parameters and insertion rates of the infra-acetabular corridor (IAC) change under different fluoroscopic angles.
Methods

The pelvis computed tomography data of 187 patients are imported into Mimics software in DICOM format to generate a 3D model. The anterior pelvis plane is used as the reference plane to measure the diameter of the optimum IAC when the pelvis model is tilted forward by 5°, 15°, 25°, 35° and 45°. The diameter of at least 3.5 mm is defined as the cutoff for placing a 3.5 mm screw, the rate of infra-acetabular screw (IAS) insertion is calculated, and the mean length of the IAC and the mean tilt of the corridor axis in relation to the sagittal midline plane (SMP) are measured.
Results

The similar diameters of the IAC can be found under fluoroscopy at 5°–35°, with the largest diameter of 4.08 ± 1.84 mm and the highest screw insertion rate of 60.42% at 15° and 25°, whereas the diameter and insertion rate are lowest at 45°. The corridor length increases with increasing fluoroscopic angle, and the angle of the corridor axis to the SMP decreases gradually.
Conclusions

The traditional 45° pelvic inlet radiograph is not suitable as the fluoroscopic angle for IAS insertion. The parameters of the IAC vary according to a certain rule under different fluoroscopic angles, so a surgeon can select the appropriate fluoroscopic angle in accordance with the type of fracture and the fracture line angle.
Comprehensive circRNA Expression Profile and Transcriptomics-Based Molecular Pathway Analysis of the Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin in Diabetic Tubular Epithelial Cells
Authors: Song Yi , Guo Feng , Liu Yifan , Zhao Yanyan , Zhao Lin , Huang Fengjuan , Fan Xunjie , Qin Guijun
Published: August 2021

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious diabetes complication. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are novel anti-diabetes drugs and have clinical renal protection. However, the molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. Here, human proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) were treated with normal glucose (NG), high glucose (HG), and three types of anti-diabetes agents including SGLT2i (dapagliflozin), metformin, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i, vildagliptin) to perform microarray analysis. A total of 2,710 differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs were identified in PTECs. Network pharmacology, Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that the effects of dapagliflozin on PTECs primarily involved lipid metabolism, Rap1, and MAPK signaling pathways. The effects of metformin were mainly on the AMPK and FOXO signaling pathways, whereas vildagliptin were on insulin secretion and the HIF-1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks revealed that dapagliflozin might regulate the primary bile acid biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, and vesicular transport through the hsa_circ_1586-miR-4739/hsa-miR-7851-3p/miR-1273g-3p networks, and regulate the MAPK, ErbB, and insulin resistance signaling pathways through the has_circ_012448-hsa-miR-378g/hsa-miR-29b-5p networks. Overall, our study elucidates circRNA expression profile in PTECs treated with dapagliflozin for the first time, providing novel clues for exploring the molecular mechanisms of dapagliflozin on DKD.
The Mechanism of Governments’ and Individuals’ Influence on Protective Behaviors during the Second Wave of COVID-19: A Multiple Mediation Model
Authors: Dai Bibing , Zhang Xiaoya , Meng Guangteng , Zheng Ya , Hu Kesong , Li Qi , Liu Xun
Published: August 2021

The SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to spread and resurge globally with signs of a second wave, despite actions by governments to curb the COVID-19 pandemic. However, evidence-based strategies to combat COVID-19 recurrence are poorly documented. To reveal how governments and individuals should act to effectively cope with future waves, this study proposed a preventive model of COVID-19 epidemic resurgence. To verify the model, we conducted an online questionnaire survey assessing government intervention, perceived efficacy, positive emotions, posttraumatic growth (PTG) and protective behaviors among 1137 residents in Beijing, where the epidemic reoccurred. Data analysis revealed that during COVID-19 epidemic resurgence, government intervention could directly and indirectly influence protective behaviors through individual factors (i.e., perceived efficacy, positive emotions), and PTG could mediate the indirect pathway to protective behaviors. These findings implied that government intervention needs to be integrated with individual factors to effectively control repeated COVID-19 outbreaks.
A Mobile Terminal-based Nomogram for Early Predicting Severity of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Shi Na , Zhang Xiaoxin , He Wenhua , Deng Lihui , Li Lan , Zhu Ping , Xia Liang , Jin Tao , Ward Thomas , Sztamary Peter , Cai Wenhao , Yao Linbo , Yang Xinmin , Lin Ziqi , Jiang Kun , Guo Jia , Yang Xiaonan , Singh Vikesh K. , Sutton Robert , Windsor John A. , Lu Nonghua , Zhu Yin , Huang Wei , Xia Qing
Published: August 2021

Background: Early prediction of the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) is important but there is no preferred method in China. We aimed to develop and validate a simple-to-use predictive nomogram for persistent organ failure (POF) on admission in patients with AP. Methods: Data from 816 consecutive patients was obtained from internal (Chengdu) retrospective datasets and formed the training cohort for nomogram development. Data from 398 and 880 consecutive patients from internal (Chengdu) and external (Nanchang) prospective datasets formed the validation cohorts (all admitted < 48 hours of symptom onset). Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify independent prognostic factors to establish the nomogram for POF. The calibration curves, concordance index (C-index), decision curve analysis (DCA), and clinical impact curve (CIC) were used to evaluate the performance of the nomogram and its clinical utility. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) with 95% CI and likelihood ratio as well as post-test probability were applied. Measurements and main results: Age, respiratory rate, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase, oxygen support, and pleural effusion were identified as independent prognostic factors for POF and were included in the nomogram model (web-based calculator: https://shina.shinyapps.io/DynNomapp/). This predictive nomogram had good predictive ability for POF (C-indexes of 0.88, 0.91 and 0.81 for the training and two validation cohorts) and promising clinical utility (DCA: better or equivalent than prognostic scores; CIC: high clinical net benefit). The AUC of (0.91 [0.88-0.94] and 0.81 [0.79-0.84]), negative likelihood ratio (NLR 0.11 and 0.29), post-test probability of negative (0.9% and 6.7%) of the nomogram were superior in predicting POF than all other routinely used clinical prognostic scoring systems in both validation cohorts. Similar findings were observed for predicting major infection (superior to other prognostic scores) and mortality (superior or equally to others). Conclusions: The validated nomogram comprises 6 independent prognostic factors to predict major clinical outcomes of patients with AP in two distinct Chinese centers. This mobile terminal-based nomogram should be validated in other settings and considered for clinical practice and trial allocation, until more accurate biomarkers are discovered.
Identification of an autophagy-related gene marker for predicting the prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: wang wenhao , Yang Longjun , Lu Zhong , Sun Xiumei , Liu Jin , Sheng Zhimei , zhang baogang
Published: August 2021

BackgroundLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a tumor with high incidence rate and high mortality rate. Previous studies have found that autophagy plays a vital role in tumorigenesis and biological progression. The aim of our research is to screen and analyze autophagy-related genes (ATGs) using bioinformatics technology, then establish a gene expression model for predicting the prognosis of LUAD patients. MethodsDifferentially expressed ATGs in LUAD and normal tissues were screened by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. We applied Go and KEGG enrichment analysis of ATGs for identifying the relevant signaling pathways. Finally, the ATGs related with survival were assessed using univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses. This project was analyzed by R software. ResultsA total of 232 ATGs were obtained in LUAD. Subsequently, 30 ATGs were screened out as genes associated with prognosis. GO analysis revealed that the 30 differently expressed ATGs (DE-ATGs) were enriched in intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway, macroautophagy, and neuron death. In addition, KEGG analysis revealed that the DE-ATGs were associated with autophagy (animal), ErbB signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway. Then, the risk score model was established by the 8 ATGs (ATG4A, CCR2, MBTPS2, APOL1, ERO1A, SPHK1, ST13 and ITGA6), and LUAD patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups with the risk score. The risk score was significantly related to overall survival and prognosis by univariate and multivariate analysis (P < 0.001). The survival time of low-risk score patients was showed by the cumulative curve that was obviously longer than high-risk score patients (P< 0.001). Finally, the correlation of the autophagy-related risk characteristics and multiple clinical parameters was analyzed. ConclusionA prognostic signature and nomogram based on 8 ATGs was constructed. This research provides a new direction for the prognosis evaluation and guides the potential treatment strategies for LUAD.
Citrulline deiminase pathway provides ATP and boosts growth of Clostridium carboxidivorans P7
Authors: Li Xiangfei , Han Rumeng , Bao Teng , Osire Tolbert , Zhang Xian , Xu Meijuan , Yang Taowei , Rao Zhiming
Published: August 2021

Background

Clostridium carboxidivorans P7 is capable of producing ethanol and butanol from inexpensive and non-food feedstock such as syngas. Achieving improved ethanol and butanol production in the strain for industrial application depends on the energetics and biomass, especially ATP availability.
Results

This study found that exogenous addition of citrulline promoted accumulation of ATP, increased specific growth rate, and reduced the doubling time of C. carboxidivorans P7. In heterotrophic fermentation experiments, the addition of citrulline increased intracellular ATP by 3.39-fold, significantly enhancing the production of total alcohol (ethanol + butanol) by 20%. Moreover, in the syngas fermentation experiments, the addition of citrulline improved the level of intracellular ATP and the biomass by 80.5% and 31.6%, respectively, resulting in a 18.6% and 60.3%, increased in ethanol and the alcohol/acid production ratio, respectively.
Conclusions

This is the first report that citrulline could promote the growth of C. carboxidivorans P7 and increased the level of intracellular ATP, which is of great significance for the use of C. carboxidivorans P7 to synthesize biofuels.
Impact of Substrate Temperature on Structural, electric and Optical characteristics of CuO Thin Films grown by JNS Pyrolysis Technique
Authors: N Jhansi , D Balasubramanian , Chang Jih-Hsing , Kumar Mohanraj , Raj Marnadu , M Aslam Manthrammel , Shkir Mohd.
Published: August 2021

JNS pyrolysis route has been successfully employed to grow CuO thin films at various substrate temperature, ranging from 300 to 600˚C. The XRD analyses revealed the monoclinic phased polycrystalline growth of the samples and exhibited the strong influence of the substrate temperature (ST) on the crystallite sizes. Optical transmission and bandgap studies also showed that sample bandgaps clearly rely upon the growth temperatures. The SEM micrographs displayed the agglomerated growth of particles having golf ball-like structures. The occurrence of Cu and O in the samples were confirmed through EDS analyses. The studies on DC electrical conductivities also shows strong dependency on the ST. A p-CuO/n-Si diode was fabricated at the ST of 600˚C and the diode parameters like barrier height ( ϕb ) and ideality factor (n) were determined under light and dark conditions.
Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Service in Worabe Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Silte Zone, SNNPR State, Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Neja Awol
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence ofanaemia and associated factor among pregnant women attending ANC service in Worabe Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from September to December 2016, Silte ZoneSouthern Ethiopia.MethodA Cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2016.on pregnant women. Demographic and other required data that has association contributing for the occurrence of anaemia in pregnant women was collected using pre structured questionnaires, & haemoglobin were measured using Mindray CD-3200 Machine. The association of data collected with independent variable are analysed by using SPSS and possible conclusions and recommendations was forwarded depending on the findings.
Age differences in adaptation of medial-lateral gait parameters during split-belt treadmill walking
Authors: Fettrow Tyler , Hupfeld Kathleen , Reimann Hendrik , Choi Julia , Hass Chris , Seidler Rachael
Published: August 2021

The split-belt treadmill (SBT) has been used to examine the adaptation of spatial and temporal gait parameters. Historically, SBT studies have focused on anterior-posterior (AP) spatiotemporal gait parameters because SBT is primarily a perturbation in the anterior-posterior direction, but it is important to understand whether and how ML control adapts in this scenario. The medial-lateral (ML) control of balance must be actively controlled and adapted in different walking environments. Furthermore, we seek to determine whether ML balance adaptation differs in older age. We analyzed SBT-induced changes in gait parameters including variables which inform us about ML balance control in younger and older adults. Our primary finding is that younger adults showed sustained asymmetric changes in these ML balance parameters during the split condition of the SBT. Specifically, younger adults sustained a greater displacement between their fast stance foot and their upper body, relative to the slow stance foot, in the ML direction. This finding suggests that younger adults may be exploiting passive dynamics in the ML direction during the SBT, which may be more metabolically efficient. Additionally, the ML parameters did not show any aftereffects despite large adjustments during the split condition, which may indicate higher level neural control than AP parameters.
Pregabalin induces pathological changes in cerebrum and cerebellum of Albino Rats
Authors: Ali Shaimaa , Hassan Wael Abdo
Published: August 2021

Background: Pregabalin (PGB) used as analgesic in remedy of neurogenic pains of persistent diseases, is taken into consideration as one of the maximum abused anti-epileptic pills and it's been proved that it induces addictive behaviors. The current study investigated the impact of PGB management on cerebral cortex and cerebellar cortex, in each acute and chronic toxicity. Seventy- male and non-pregnant female albino rats’ 6- to 8-week-vintage divided into three principal corporations of 24 rats each had been studied. Group 1 was the control group, group 2 represented the acute toxicity group, and group three represented the hronic toxicity group. Rats had been sacrificed and examined. Result: Cerebral cortex tissue of acute toxicity group displayed astrocytosis and dystrophic changes, while the chronic toxicity group showed degeneration, necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltrates. The cerebellum of chronic toxicity group showed affection of Purkinje cells. Conclusion: Acute and chronic intoxication with pregabalin adversely altered the structure and thus the function of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum.
Theoretical and legal aspects of the formation of the subject and object of forensic examination in Ukraine
Authors: Shlapko T.V. , Ponomarenko D.V.
Published: August 2021

The article examines the theoretical and legal aspects of determining the subject and object of forensic examination in Ukraine, their relationship and formation during the examination, based on the analysis of the current state of research and issues of legal regulation. From our research it is seen that the concept of the subject of forensic examination, as one of the fundamental, in the scientific literature has received a lot of attention, because the subject determines the nature and content of expert research, their methodology, etc. However, despite the important theoretical and practical significance, scientifically sound definitions of the subject of forensic examination in both general and specific meanings have not yet been developed. According to the results of the study, the subject of forensic examination is medical and medicalbiological issues that arise during the inquiry, preliminary investigation and trial, while the object of forensic examination is a person and his life. The immediate object is determined by the court when it appointing a forensic examination – it is usually a carrier of evidence in the case. Thus, the subject of the forensic examination is, in generalized form, the identification of patterns and individual features of pathological processes in the human body (or corpse), as well as in the products of human life, which have legal significance and entail certain legal consequences for the case while of establishment by the court of legal facts and causal relations. The article also concludes that the correct understanding of the object is one of the important aspects in the theory and practice of forensic science. This, in particular, is essential for distinguishing types of expertises, determining the competence of the expert, creating appropriate conditions for expert research, and so on.
Normative and legal regulation of the military sphere in Ukraine
Authors: Harust Y.V. , Tereshchenko T.V.
Published: August 2021

This article is devoted to the study of the current state and trends in the legal regulation of the military sphere in Ukraine. In the process of studying the legal regulation of the military sphere in Ukraine, the authors revealed the concept, essence, legal regulation and areas for improvement of this area. The authors divided the legal regulation of the military sphere in Ukraine into 5 different groups, to which they referred: constitutional regulation (Constitution of Ukraine); codes of Ukraine (Water Code of Ukraine, Forest Code of Ukraine, Air Code of Ukraine and others); other special laws that regulate certain areas of military activity (Law of Ukraine "On Military Duty and Military Service"); bylaws: orders, resolutions, orders of central and local authorities (President of Ukraine, Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (CMU - hereinafter), Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, Security Service of Ukraine (SBU - hereinafter), etc.); international regulations in the military sphere, which were ratified by Ukraine. The authors also mentioned criminal and administrative liability in the military sphere and supported it by the norms of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses. Yes, they attributed to criminal offenses: disobedience, non-compliance with the order; resistance to the chief or forcing him to breach official duties; threat or violence against the boss; desertion, etc. To administrative offenses: refusal to comply with the lawful requirements of the commander; unauthorized leaving of a military unit or place of service; abuse of power or official position by a military official; careless attitude to military service and more. According to the study, an analysis of court decisions regarding prosecution for war crimes was conducted. A number of scientific researches in the field of administrative law were analyzed. Directions for improving the current legislation in the field of legal regulation of the military sphere were adopted and developed on the basis of a careful analysis of the legislation of the European Union.
Prosecutorial oversight of the rule of law during the investigation of war crimes
Authors: Ilchenko O.V. , Taranchenko A.O.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the activities of the prosecutor's office in the military sphere. The historical aspects of the formation of the prosecutor's office were noted in the work. The issue of reorganization of the prosecutor's office in relation to its activities in the military sphere, which is reflected in the liquidation of military prosecutor's offices, was also studied and covered. The Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine is the only centralized system entrusted with the performance of functions aimed at ensuring legality. The procedure for performing these functions must clearly comply with the law and the basic principles of the prosecutor's office. The role of the prosecutor's office is extremely important, because it is an effective tool for strengthening the rule of law, which determined the development of the rule of law. The activities of the prosecutor's office in the military sphere are extremely important, especially given the difficult political situation in Ukraine. In the context of armed conflict, the number of war crimes, which have always been investigated by military prosecutors, is growing significantly. All security and defense reforms must take into account the situation in Ukraine, in particular, taking into account the existing military threats from Russia. Occupation of Luhansk and Donetsk regions, annexation of Crimea, armed aggression of the Russian Federation, sabotage and reconnaissance activities, accumulation of military formations near the border of Ukraine - all these are urgent threats to the defense and national security of Ukraine. A number of arguments were presented that prove the inexpediency of such a reorganization. The international experience on the example of the leading countries of the world, such as the USA, Israel, Great Britain is researched and analyzed. Based on this analysis, the importance of the existence of a specialized body responsible for overseeing the rule of law in military formations and the investigation of crimes in the military sphere was proved. It has been proven that war crimes should be investigated by specialized bodies with experienced and qualified personnel, as the offenses committed by servicemen are specific and require a specific approach to their investigation.
Legal regulation of the institute of family medicine
Authors: Mirgorod-Karpova V.V. , Pavlenko B.O. , Smal V.V.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the issue of legal regulation of medical services in Ukraine. The main focus is on family medicine and regulation of the relationship between the family doctor and the patient with whom the declaration was signed, as well as the topic of reforming the health care system of Ukraine, which began in 2015. After all, it was the reform of the health care system that opened such a state institution for Ukraine as family medicine. The relevance of this research topic is that the quality of medical services is one of the main indicators of the effective functioning of the health care system. It is the factor of proper provision of medical services that contributes to: population size, mortality, life expectancy and, in general, public health and population demographics. These important factors determine the development of the state and its socioeconomic situation. If we do not take into account the modern fundamental factor of quality, the medical system will not be able to function properly, and as a result will have problems and shortcomings that will prevent the country from moving forward, both in medicine and in other areas. After the implementation of the first stage of reform, the Ukrainian health care system has undergone significant changes. The main of which was family medicine and all its principles and innovations. The topic of family medicine in Ukraine is quite important, because the family doctor is almost the first to whom the patient turns, so attention should be focused on primary care in order for this institute of medicine to function well and efficiently. Today, Ukraine faces a problem such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which has led to certain gaps in health care, such as inefficient and poor quality of primary care services, lack of responsibility for quality on the part of both doctors and patients, and society. dissatisfied with the reform of the health care system in Ukraine, and the lack of legal force in declarations between family doctors and patients is also a problem today. These problems were not so obvious and noticeable before the COVID-19 epidemic, but it is this situation with the coronavirus that highlights all the above gaps.
Problematic issues of perception of electronic money in the legislation of Ukraine
Authors: Starynskyi M.V. , Bilyk G.V.
Published: August 2021

The article deals with the peculiarities of legal regulation of e-cash cycle in Ukraine. It is emphasized here that e-cash is the result of technological development in our society, what enlarges greatly the opportunities of economic agents in their activity. In particular, its ease of use, reduction of transaction expenses, absence of exact regulation on the part of the state are all those reasons for the e-cash to be used so intensively. The above-mentioned advantages also cause an increased interest towards the ecash shown by the persons, whose purpose does not coincide with the law enforcement system existing on the territory of the country. The anonymity of use promotes the application of the e-cash for money laundering, financing of terrorism, weapon trade and other activities that harm the development of modern civilization. With this in mind, almost every state tries to regulate the activity connected with the use of e-cash and make sure the agents that use it contribute to the development of the country and its economy. Based on the analysis of both the legislation currently in effect in Ukraine and the best international practices of legal regulation of e-cash cycle, the authors of the article draw the following conclusions. Though the effective legislation of Ukraine includes a definition of e-cash, the latter does not reflect the essence of this phenomenon since the definition admits the functioning of different e-cash types but fails to take into consideration their peculiar features. Realizing the whole difficulty of e-cash nature and essence as a novel financial instrument, the authors tend to share the opinion that on the current stage of e-cash development it is impossible to provide its general comprehensive definition. Attention should be paid to the regulation of the e-cash that is most popular and widely used. At the same time the regulation of e-cash cycle administrators deserves special attention since it will help take its cycle and the volumes of e-cash transaction under at least partial control. Taking into account the position of Ukraine in relation to e-cash cycle, namely its narrow perception as an electronic payment means that only banking institutions are permitted to issue, the legislation currently in effect should use clearly defined terms and not equate e-cash as units of value that are kept in an electronic device, accepted as a payment means by other persons than the one that issues them, are pecuniary liabilities of this person and can be used both on a cash and non-cash basis, with other types of virtual currencies. The authors believe that some generalizing definitions of electronic currencies should be removed from the legislation currently in effect and in the future, when enacting new bills, some regulatory acts must be created that would establish the difference between such terms as “e-cash” and “virtual currency”.
Underwater Cultural Heritage in the Pacific: Themes and Future Directions
Authors: Jeffery Bill , McKinnon Jennifer F. , Van Tilburg Hans
Published: August 2021

This article focuses on the underwater cultural heritage (UCH) located across the Pacific Ocean by sampling three temporal themes: living heritage and traditional indigenous cultural heritage, the global connections of the Manila Galleon trade, and the modern warfare of World War II (WWII). Many of the traditional cultural practices (living heritage) and tangible cultural heritage related to indigenous people of the Pacific are coastal and sea related. Their world encompasses the sea, which was not seen as a barrier as but a much-used connection to people occupying the thousands of islands. The Pacific contains an extensive maritime cultural heritage, including UCH, which reflects the cultural identity of people living in the region. From the 16th to 18th centuries, the Spanish Empire prospered through an elaborate Asia-Pacific trade network. The Manila Galleon trade between Manila, Philippines, and Acapulco, Mexico, connected into the existing Atlantic trade transporting commodities such as porcelain, silver, spices and textiles from Asia to the Americas and Spain. Of the 400 known voyages between 1565 and 1815, approximately 59 shipwrecks occurred, of which only a handful of galleons have been investigated. The scale of WWII heritage in the Pacific region reflects the intensity and impacts of global conflicts fought across the world’s largest ocean. Associated UCH includes near shore defensive infrastructure, landing and amphibious assault craft, submerged aircraft, and a wide range of ships and submarines, auxiliary, combatant and non-military casualties alike. Twentieth century warfare involved massive losses of material. The legacy of submerged battlefields in the Pacific is complex. Interest is high in the discovery of naval UCH, but critical aspects are often intertwined. Archaeology, history, reuse, memorialisation (gravesites), tourism, unexploded ordnance, environmental threat (fuel oil), ownership and salvage all shape what we can learn from this resource.
SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES COMBINED WITH CHEMOMETRICS TO STUDY ORGANIC MATTER IN TROPICAL SOILS WITH DIFFERENT DEGREES OF PEDOGENETIC EVOLUTION
Authors: de Moura Octávio , de Castro Tadeu , França Danielle , Tavares Orlando , da Silva Cristiane , Pereira Marcos , García Andrés
Published: August 2021

Understanding of the organomineral interactions in soil can elucidate the humic substances (HS) formation and the humification process. This study aimed to structurally characterize the humic acids (HA) formed in tropical soils with different pedogenesis degrees. The HA fraction was extracted from soil samples in the superficial horizons of an Inceptisol and a Mollisol in Rio de Janeiro state. The HA was characterized using spectroscopic techniques following by chemometric analyses: principal component analysis, descriptive analysis, and multivariate curve resolution. The results show that HA extracted from superficial horizon of Inceptisol and Mollisol are structurally different. The Inceptisol HA has a lower E4/E6 ratio than the Mollisol HA. The chemical groups show that most -CH groups belong to -CH2 and -CH3 and hydroxyls (-OH) for the Inceptisol HA, whereas the Mollisol HA predominantly contains aromatic C=C groups. The Inceptisol HA is mainly composed of CAlkyl-H,R and -C=O structures, whereas the Mollisol HA contains a higher quantity of CAlkyl-O,N, CAlkyl-O and CAromatic-H,R groups. The Inceptisol HA has a higher aliphatic content and hydrophobicity than the Mollisol HA. In Inceptisol, organic carbon stabilization can be facilitated by hydrophobic interactions, whereas in Mollisol, different interaction sites can stabilize proteinaceous compounds.
Estudo do perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes portadores de tuberculose na Região de Saúde Centro-Sul (RJ) dos casos confirmados entre 2015 e 2019.
Authors: Franco Borges Renato , Jorge da Cunha Gonçalves Sebastião
Published: August 2021

Cerca de um terço da população mundial possui infecção pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, sendo de 5% a 10% dessas pessoas, ou adoecerão, ou se tornarão infectantes da tuberculose em algum momento de suas vidas. O objetivo do presente estudo é desenhar o perfil epidemiológico com as características mais comum dos pacientes com tuberculose nos últimos 5 anos (2015 a 2019) na Região de Saúde Centro-Sul (RJ), visando a criação de ações para a prevenção da ocorrência de novos casos, diminuindo morbidades e mortalidade, além de diminuir o gasto com tuberculose pelo SUS de forma local. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, observacional, quantitativo, descritivo, onde os dados foram retirados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação – Sinan Net, dos anos de 2015 a 2019. Foram notificados 741 casos de tuberculose no período, onde o perfil mais comum encontrado foi de pacientes com escolaridade com ensino médio completo, raça branca, sexo masculino, entrada sendo um caso novo, forma pulmonar, positividade para HIV menor que o índice nacional e com maior percentual de teste, menor índice de realização de tratamento supervisionado e maior índice de encerramento por cura. Existem ações específicas que podem ser implementadas de acordo com cada cidade que compõem a Região de Saúde Centro-Sul (RJ) para melhorar os índices, embora, como visto nos resultados, está superior à média nacional em muitos pontos.

Palavras-chave: Tuberculose; Perfil de saúde; Controle de doenças transmissíveis;