bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HISTOPATOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF BREAST CARCINOMAS AND CORRELATION OF HISTOLOGICAL GRADE WITH ER, PR, HER2NEU STATUS IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE OF EASTERN INDIA
Authors: Paul Moumita , Barman* Neepamanjari , Maiti Moumita , Sarkar Ranu
Published: October 2019

Background: Carcinoma of the breast is a truly complex disease with a large intratumoral heterogeneity, leading to markedly variable clinical
course and response to treatment modalities.
Prognosis and management of breast cancer are influenced by variables such as stage, grade, hormone receptor status of estrogen(ER),
progesterone(PR) and Human epidermal growth factor receptor2 (HER2/neu) over expression.
Aims and Objectives:To highlight the histomorphological spectrum of breast carcinomas and their ER,PR, HER2NEU status. And also to find out
correlation between their histological grade and the hormone status .
Materials and Methods - 115 breast carcinomas were clinicopathologically and immunohistochemically analyzed in which assessment of Her2/neu, ER, PR had been performed prospectively. Statistical analysis was then used to correlate the above observation.
Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of histopathology and immunohistochemistry in breast cancers not only in diagnosing the lesion
but also in predicting the prognosis and target therapy.
HISTIOCYTIC SARCOMA OF THE SMALL INTESTINE: A CASE REPORT WITH REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Ryu* Keun Joo
Published: October 2019

Histiocytic sarcoma is very rare malignant neoplasm showing morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics of histiocyte. Morphologic
diagnosis is challenging due to overlapping histologic features with diverse mimics. Histologic diagnosis is confirmed by expression of one or
more histiocytic markers, including CD163, CD68, and lysozyme. We present a bona fida case of extranodal histiocytic sarcoma involving the
small intestine in a 67-year-old male. The diagnosis is confirmed by diffuse immunoreactivity of CD163, which is believed to be more specific
histiocytic marker than CD68.
EXERCISE INDUCED BRONCHOCONSTRICTION IN MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: Suryawanshi Mahesh Kisan , Bharsakle Shrihari , Patankar Sachin , Patil Mr. C. G. , Raut* Sayali
Published: October 2019

INTRODUCTION: Exercise induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is transient narrowing of lower respiratory tract
airways after exercise. It affects about 5 to 20 % of healthy individuals and 80% of Asthmatics. Obesity has been
considered as one of the risk factor to the development of EIB. Symptoms of EIB are nonspecific and can be seen in a variety of disorders and
studies have shown a lack of diagnosis specificity and sensitivity based on symptoms.
AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate frequency of EIB in Medical students of Govt. Medical College Miraj. We also tried to find out
association of body mass index (BMI) with EIB. We also tried to find out correlation of subjective feeling of breathlessness (symptom of EIB)
with actual findings of spirometry tests used to asses EIB.
METHOD: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 80 male medical students. Exercise challenge test was conducted for
participants. Pre and post-test values of Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were compared
and students with ≥ 10% decrease in post-test FEV1 & PEFR were considered positive cases of exercise induced bronchoconstriction. Statistical
analysis was done by using software, IBM-SPSS VER 20.
RESULT:In our study frequency of EIB in medical students was 6.4%.
Decrease in post-test FEV1 and PEFR values were statistically significant with Pvalue < 0.001. Our findings show that there was no association
between BMI and EIB. Our study results also reveal strong correlation between subjective feeling of breathlessness measured in terms of visual
analogue scale (VAS) and objective spirometry tests used to assess EIB.
CONCLUSION: EIB is one of the major problems to be addressed as increasing frequency of EIB in healthy population could pose a threat
when people attempt exercise training for their health benefits. Proper care with physician's consultation can minimize undue risks associated
with EIB in healthy people.
DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF XPERTMTB/RIF ASSAY IN DETECTION OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AND RIFAMPICIN RESISTANCE IN COMPARISON WITH CONVENTIONAL METHODS.
Authors: Ramana* B.V. , Srikar A. , Prakash P. , Chaudhury Abhijit
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Tuberculosis is one of the oldest diseases with high morbidity and mortality. India accounts for one- fourth of the global TB burden
(2.7million cases).
Material and methods: A total 1056 patients were included in this study. All patients were requested to give two sputum samples, spot sputum
sample (at the time of visit) and early morning sputum for mycobacterial testing. All spot samples tested with smear microscopy and Xpert
MTB/Rif assay. Rifampicin resistant samples compared with conventional method.
Results: Out of 1056 sputum samples GeneXpert MTB Rif assay detected positive 204 (19.3%), not detected 827 (78.31%). There is significant
difference founded for positivity in spot samples and early morning sputum samples (P =0.0026). Rifampicins resistant were 8 (3.9%) andshown
100% sensitivity, specificity with Conventional method.
Conclusion: For diagnosing tuberculosis and detecting Rifampicin resistance GeneXpert MTB/RIF has been especially recommended.
MIFEPRISTONE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF UTERINE MYOMA
Authors: Sinha Rupam , Soni* Preety
Published: October 2019

Hysterectomy for fibroids is one of the commonest gynaecological surgeries in India. To reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with the
surgery a number of medical treatments have been tried. Mifepristone is one of them and is being used in the recent decade as a more or less
effective option in the treatment of myoma. This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low dose mifepristone in medical
management of uterine myomas. Women with symptomatic myomas or myoma of more than 5cm were included in this study. They were given oral
mifepristone 25mg per day for 3 months. Patients were followed at 1, 3 and 6 months. The prospective clinical trial was conducted from august
2006 to august 2018 at my clinic. It was found that blood loss reduced significantly in 3 months therapy and the effect started from the first cycle
onwards. Amenorrhoea developed in 90% - 95% patients which reverted later.
EFFECT OF TOBACCO CHEWING ON SEMINAL PARAMETERS IN MALE PARTNERS OF INFERTILE COUPLES
Authors: Dhokane Nitin , Kherde Piyush , Dhanvijay Anupkumar , Wadhai Rakesh
Published: October 2019

Background: Male factors contribute to almost 50% of infertile couples. Deleterious effects of tobacco smoking on male reproductive system are
well known. Research studies report contradictory findings about the effect of tobacco chewing on male fertility. Aim and objectives: To study
effect of tobacco chewing on seminal parameters in male partners of infertile couples. Material and Methods: Present study was conducted on 100
male partners of infertile couples (50 tobacco chewers and 50 non-chewers) in age group of 21-40 years in the semen analysis laboratory in
department of Physiology of Government Medical College, Nagpur from October 2014 to March 2016. Seminal parameters like volume of
ejaculate, sperm count, sperm motility and motile sperm count were measured and compared in both groups. Result: Tobacco chewers had
significantly lower values of all the seminal parameters as compared to non-chewers. Significantly low values of all parameters were observed in
severe tobacco chewers as compared to mild and moderate tobacco chewers. Conclusion: Tobacco chewing has adverse effect on seminal
parameters of male partners of infertile couples thus proving its pronounced role in male infertility. Severity of this effect increases as duration of
tobacco chewing is prolonged.
A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF EFFICACY OF HEMOADSORPTION (CYTOSORB®) IN REFRACTORY SEPTIC SHOCK PATIENTS AS AN ADJUVANT
Authors: Surendra Mandarapu , Cherukuri Bharath , Kumar Sai , Haritha Nagasri , Kantham Lakshmi , Silpa Silpa , Bhavya Bhavya , Srikanth Srikanth , Jyothi Jyothi
Published: October 2019

Dysregulated response of cytokines can result in hyper-inflammatory conditions called cytokine storm,commonly seen in sepsis and septic
shock..The current study assessed hemoadsorption device - CytoSorb® for its efficiency as an adjuvant in treating patients suffering from septic
shock. Total 8 patients enrolled were subjected to hemoadsorption therapy along with the standard treatment.The results of the study revealed
significant improvement in clinical and haemodynamic parameters before and after initiation of CytoSorb® therapy. Out of 8 patients, 6 showed a
positive outcome while 2 did not survive.The results of this study show that the use of hemoadsorption therapy can be considered in critically ill
ICU patients as a safe and effective adjuvant therapy along with the standard treatment for a better outcome in patients.
THE PATTERN OF ACUTE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION: A HOSPITAL BASED
STUDY
Authors: Patanaik Sunil Kumar , Pattanayak* Chaitali
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND: Intestinal obstruction is a surgical emergency that causes confusion both in the diagnosis and the management. It is related by
important disease and mortality. The goal of this study was to classify the etiology, to analyse the methods of performance of acute duodenal
obstruction in different age groups, various therapeutic modalities of treatment, to accomplish operative management, anticipate the post-operative
complications and outcomes of patients with acute intestinal obstruction.
MATERIAL& METHODS: 82 patients of all age groups (except infants) presenting with acute intestinal obstruction were studied between June
2017 and December 2018 in a multispeciality hospital in Eastern India. Patients with history of subacute intestinal obstruction and paralytic ileus
were excluded from this study.
RESULTS: Males were found to be affected much more than females. Pain abdomen was the most common symptom found in 94% cases followed
by distension and vomiting in 86.6% and 68.3% cases respectively. Most common etiology of intestinal obstruction was due to adhesion and bands
(40.3%) followed by obstructed hernia (22%) and malignancy (17%). The most common procedure done in intestinal obstruction in present study
was release of adhesions and bands (37.8%) followed by resection and anastomosis (26.8%).
CONCLUSION: Bowel obstruction continues to be one of the most common abdominal problems faced by general surgeons. Success in the
treatment of intestinal obstruction depends largely upon early diagnosis, skilful management and treating the pathological effects of the obstruction
just as much as the cause itself.
A STUDY ON WORKING ENVIRONMENT AND CONCERNS OF HEALTH AMONG SOFTWARE PROFESSIONALS IN CHENNAI CITY
Authors: Bhavani R.
Published: October 2019

India was turn up in ITServices particularly in software industries. It is the fastest growing sector in the country in terms of
GDP and employment generation capability. The Emergence of IT sector brought changes from manual labour to
intellectual labour. The majority of the employees in India involve both directly and indirectly to these sectors, it creates a health disorders in their
life style due to factors like hectic work schedules, unhealthy eating habits, tight deadlines, irregular and associated stress. ASSOCHAM records
revealed that 78 percent of corporate employees suffer from sleeping disorders leading to impact of insomnia on health and productivity. The sharp
rise in economic growth also leads to the prevalence of heart disease, stroke and diabetes. The Other important challenge in software sector is to
satisfy the employee needs by providing good working environment, it leads to increase the effectiveness, efficiency, job commitment and at last
the productivity of the employees. This will make the organization to achieve success and to remain in competition with leading companies.
MUCOSAL GRADING AND ITS USE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC OTITIS MEDIA - MUCOSAL DISEASE
Authors: Perumbally* Hafees Abdullah , M. V. George , A. T. Ihsan
Published: October 2019

Aims and Objectives: This observational study is intended to identify the effectiveness of individual approach for each patient instead of a
universal law of either Tympanoplasty alone or Cortical mastoidectomy with Tympanoplasty as a treatment for COM – mucosal type.
Materials and Methods: This study comprises 100 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for the treatment of COM Mucosal type. We
graded the Middle ear mucosa into six grades. All patients were followed up for a minimum of six months post operatively.
Results:The graft uptake in our study was found to be 96% at the end of 6 months.
Conclusion:Aconcomitant Mastoidectomy adds cost, surgical time and hospital stay to the patient among other things. However, Mastoidectomy
should be done when there is evidence to suggest involvement of the mastoid compartment by the disease. The middle ear mucosa gives an
indication of the disease status.
KAJIAN PENGETAHUAN VULVA HYGIENE TERHADAP PERAWATAN PERINEUM DI KLINIK SUKO ASIH SUKOHARJO
Authors: Wahyuni Wahyuni , Adi Pratama All Fraida
Published: October 2019

Latar belakang : melahirkan seorang anak memang menjadi kebahagiaan tersendiri bagi seorang wanita, Perawatan perineum pada wanita sehabis melahirkan merupakan suatu perilaku yang harus dilakukan. tetapi tidak dipungkiri perineum akan mengalami perlukaan saat proses persalinan. Untuk itu dibutuhkan masa untuk pemulihan yang disebut masa nifas dan selama masa tersebut seorang ibu harus benar-benar menjaga kebersihan terutama perineum untuk menghindari komplikasi yang terjadi setelah melahirkan.

Tujuan : mengetahui perilaku perawatan perineum berkaitan pengetahuan ibu nifas mengenai vulva hygiene

Metode : rancangan dalam penelian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Responden penelitian ibu nifas yang melahirkan sebanyak 80 orang teknik sampling menggunakan purposive sampling jumlah sampel total populasi. Analisa yang digunakan dalam analisa bivariat korelasi Kendal tau.

Hasil : Terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan perilaku perawatan perineum dengan nilai ρvalue
DITERMINAN EKSTERNAL DAN PERILAKU SEKS PRA NIKAH REMAJA SMA
Authors: Winarni Winarni , Suparmi Suparmi
Published: October 2019

Latar belakang, Lingkungan dimana seseorang tinggal dan melakukan interaksi dalam kehidupan merupakan salah satu factor yang berpengaruh terhadap perilaku seseorang. Perilaku remaja dipengaruhi antara lain media, linkungan rumah, dan lingkungan sekolah. Pada remaja terjadi perubahan fisik, mental, dan psikososial secara cepat dan berdampak pada berbagai aspek kehidupan. Aspek tersebut antara lain pergeseran sikap yang permisif hubungan dengan lawan jenis. Sikap tersebut akan mempengaruhi perilaku seksual remaja. Hasil survei KPAI menunjukkan bahwa 93,7% siswa SMP dan SMA pernah melakukan ciuman, 21,2% remaja SMP mengaku pernah aborsi, dan 97% remaja SMP dan SMA pernah menonton film porno.

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis determinan eksternal dengan perilaku seksual pranikah pada remaja SMA di Kota Surakarta.

Metode penelitian Jenis penelitian observasional analitik pendekatan waktu cross sectional. Populasi 1663 siswa dan siswi 3 SMA di Surakarta. Sampel diambil 113 dengan proporsional random sampling. Analisis menggunakan uji X², untuk membuktikan Hubungan variabel bebas (teman sebaya, peran orang tua, tempat tinggal, pendapatan orang tua) dengan variabel terikat (perilaku seksual pranikah) Ho ditolak bila bila p value< 0,05. Analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik untuk melihat vareabel mana yang paling berpengaruh.

Hasil penelitian, Nilai R2 sebesar 0,451 yang bearti variabel teman sebaya, pengawasan orangtua, tempat tinggal, dan pendapatan orang tua, memberikan pengaruh terhadap perilaku seks pra nikah remaja SMA sebesar 45,1%, sedangkan 54,9% dipengaruh variabel lain diluar model penelitian
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JUS MELON TERHADAP KADAR HEMOGLOBIN PADA IBU HAMIL YANG MENGKONSUMSI TABLET FE
Authors: Rumiyati Eni , Anies Anies , Kartini Apoina
Published: October 2019

Latar Belakang : Pencegahan anemia selama kehamilan dilakukan dengan pemberian tablet Fe selama 90 hari. Konsumsi vitamin C yang cukup diperlukan untuk membantu penyerapan Fe. Melon (CucumisMelo L) merupakan salah satu bahan makanan yang mengandung vitamin C dan vitamin A yang dapat membantu proses penyerapan zat besi. Penelitian ini membuktikan pengaruh pemberian jus melon terhadap perubahan kadar hemoglobin ibu hamil yang mengkonsumsi tablet Fe.

Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan metodequasy experiment dengan rancangan non randomized pretest and posttest with control group design, Pengukuran hemoglobin menggunakan alat mutiple quick check. Penelitian dilakukan pada 60 responden yang terbagi menjadi 4 kelompok (kontrol, pemberian jus melon 200 gr, pemberian jus melon 150 gr dan pemberian ju melon 100 gr). Analisis data dengan t-test dependent dan Anova.

Hasil : Ada perubahan kadar hemoglobin pada kelompok perlakuan pemberian jus melon 100 gr dengan nilai p-value 0,004 dan pemberian jus melon 200 gr dengan nilai p-value0,000, semetara untuk pemberian jus melon 150 gr tidak terdapat perubahan yang signifikan terhadap kadar hemoglobin pada ibu hamil. Terdapat perbedaan kadar hemoglobin pada perlakuan jus melon 200 gr dengan kontrol denganp = 0,001 dan terdapat perbedaan kadar hemoglobin perlakuan jus melon 200 gr dengan jus 100 gr denganp = 0,017 dengan IK 95%.

Simpulan: Ada pengaruh pemberian jus melon terhadap kadar hemoglobin pada ibu hamil yang mengkonsumsi tablet Fe.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG KANKER SERVIKS DENGAN KEPATUHAN IBU MELAKUKAN PEMERIKSAAN IVA TEST DI DUSUN REJOSARI KELURAHAN SRIMARTANI BANTUL
Authors: Tita Fransiska Dua , Melina Fitria , Kuswanti Ina
Published: October 2019

Latar Belakang: Kanker leher rahim atau kanker serviks adalah salah satu masalah kesehatan terkemuka yang mencolok bagi perempuan diseluruh dunia dengan perkiraan 529.409 kasus baru dan sekitar 89% di negara-negara berkembang, sedangkan prevalensi kanker serviks di DIY sebesar (4,1%). Setiap wanita yang telah melakukan hubungan seksual wajib untuk melakukan pemeriksaan deteksi dini kanker serviks, oleh karena itu deteksi dini kanker serviks perlusegera dilakukan. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi deteksi dini adalah pengetahuan ibu.Ibu yang memiliki pengetahuan baik akan patuh dalam melakukan deteksi dini kanker serviks. Dusun Rejosari, kelurahan Srimartani merupakan satu dusun di kelurahan Srimartani Kabupaten Bantul yang memiliki 3 kasus wanita yang menderita kanker serviks.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan ibu tentang kanker serviks dengan kepatuhan ibu melakukan pemeriksaan IVA test di Dusun Rejosari Kelurahan Srimartani Bantul.

Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian survey analitik dan pendekatan cross sectional,yang dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2017. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu pasangan usia subur di Dusun Rejosari Kelurahan Srimartani Bantul, berjumlah 59 orang, teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan accidental sampling.Analisa data yang digunakan adalah Chi square, untuk mengetahui pengetahuan ibu tentang kanker serviks dengan kepatuhan ibu melakukan pemeriksaan IVA test.

Hasil Penelitian: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang kanker serviks dengan kepatuhan ibu melakukan pemeriksaan IVA test di Dusun Rejosari Kelurahan Srimartani Bantul. Dengan nilaiChi square dengan nilai signifikan 0,000>0,05.

Kesimpulan: Bahwa terdapat hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang kanker serviks dengan kepatuhan ibu melakukan pemeriksaan IVA test di Dusun Rejosari Kelurahan Srimartani Bantul
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGETAHUAN KADER POSYANDU TENTANG KANKER PAYUDARA DENGAN SADARI
Authors: Sab’ngatun Sab’ngatun , Hanifah Lilik
Published: October 2019

Latar Belakang : Penyakit kanker merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian utama di seluruh dunia. Penyebab terbesar kematian akibat kanker setiap tahunnya salah satunya kanker payudara. 43% dari seluruh kasus kanker dapat dicegah, salah satu upaya pencegahan kanker payudara dengan SADARI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan kader posyandu tentang kanker payudara dengan SADARI.

Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei analitik dengan pendekatan crossectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini seluruh kader posyandu di Kalurahan Mojosongo Jebres Surakarta sebanyak 60 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan accidental sampling, sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah kader posyandu yang datang dan ditemui pada saat pertemuan kader sebanyak 30 responden. Alat pengumpulan data berupa kuisioner, analisis data dengan chi square.

Hasil : Pengetahuan kader tentang kanker payudara mayoritas pada kategori cukup 11 responden (50%). Mayoritas melakukan SADARI sebanyak 24 responden (80%). Hasil uji statistic menunjukkan hasil 0,006
Marketing Channels and Underwriting Service Quality of Life Insurance
Authors: Tsai-Jyh Chen
Published: October 2019

This paper investigates the relationship between marketing channels and underwriting service quality with focus on two major channels: salesperson and bancassurance. Based on the data of life insurance in Taiwan, the empirical analysis shows that the traditional salesperson channel has competitive advantages in underwriting service quality. This result supports the coexistence of salesperson and bancassurance because previous literature indicated bancassurance more cost-efficient than a salesperson. The empirical result shows that insurers with more dependence on salesperson channel present lower complaint ratio and higher contract persistency due to better service quality. The empirical result also indicates that service quality has a significantly positive impact on insurer’s reputation. This finding implies that the insurers with more dependence on bancassurance should take additional competitive strategies to maintain the long-term customer relation.
Wealth Composition and Drawdown Patterns of Retirees a Comparative Study
Authors: Lee Young Man , Kim Jun Hyung , Kim Hyun-Ah , Cho Man
Published: October 2019

This study aims to pursue a two-fold research objective: first, to examine the wealth composition and its drawdown patterns of the retirement-age households in Korea and, second, to assess policy options to safely monetize real estate assets held by them, the reverse annuity mortgage (RAM) in particular. In so doing, we compare our findings to those from the U.S. as reported by Poterba, Venti, and Weiss (2011). The results indicate that, between the U.S. and Korea, the wealth compositions of the retirees are vastly different in several respects: first, the average share of real estate in Korea is far greater than that in the U.S., over 80 percent vs. 24.7; second, the share of the annuitized public and private pensions is far higher in the U.S. compared to Korea, 44.9 percent vs. 7.7 percent in Korea; third, the share of financial assets is roughly similar, that is, 12.6% in the U.S. and 10.3% in Korea; last but not least, the share of non-residence real estate rapidly rose rapidly between 2006 and 2012 in Korea, quite dramatically for certain consumer cohorts. Hence, the Korea case represents an extreme of ‘real estate-rich-cash-poor’ retirees, making it a fertile ground for trading the monetizing instruments such as RAM. Nonetheless, the market penetration by the product is still minimal, the subscription rate of 0.81 percent among all the eligible households as of 2015. To investigate empirically the reasons behind such low subscription rate, we perform a regression analysis on determinants of the propensity for entering the RAM contract; The results show that the bequest motive does reduce the propensity to subscribe the product, and that the two indicators of the consumer knowledge on the product do yield positive and statically significant results. Based on the findings, we stress the need for a heightened level of consumer education on the viewpoint of the protection financial consumers, for which the government, the lending and guaranteeing institutions, as well as academia should put a concerted effort so as to help elderlies make rational decisions.
Investigation of Variation between Risk Attitude and Investment Biases
Authors: Chen Cherie H , Morrison Handley-Schachler
Published: October 2019

There is a palpable link between financial investment decision making and investors’ behaviour. Research into investors’ behaviour may prove useful in increasing our understanding of the extremely complex financial marketplace. In many cases, investors are unaware of their predisposition for error. And more often, an irrational investor is a dissatisfied investor, because biases usually undermine financial goals. By adopting an experimental approach, the researchers try to correlate established investor biases with the psychographic profiles of investors, to see whether specific risk personality profiles correlate with susceptibility to four biases: herding, endowment, loss aversion and framing.
Many studies have focused on exploring the demographics of investment behavioural flaws, but very little attention has been paid to the risk attitude of investors and their actual investment behaviour. The findings of this study bridge two aspects of literature, being attitude to financial risk and behavioural investment biases.
Customers’ Perception Of Ethical Issues In Corporate Governance Of Islamic Banks In Bangladesh
Authors: Mamun Muhammad
Published: October 2019

The study analyzes customer perceptions regarding the ethical standards of corporate governance of the Islamic banks in Bangladesh. The customers were found to have positive perceptions regarding the board of directors’ competence, shariah board members’ expertise and top management team’s effectiveness to discharge Shariah laws. The clients very strongly agreed that their bank followed the Islamic principles. The customers responded positively regarding ethical disclosures of information by their banks. The study noted that the (Ed. note: should “the be changed to “each”?) bank had an effective and transparent mechanism to handle complaints, conflict management, and occurrences due to lack of due care. Interestingly the clients were found to rely more on newspapers, rather than each bank’s website or e-mails for price-sensitive information. The customers were found to be positive regarding the regulatory body’ position in regulating Islamic banks. The overall perception of the respondents regarding ethical corporate governance of the banks was found to be positive.
Rationale, Past and Future of Financial Consumer Protection
Authors: Jung Hong Joo
Published: October 2019

This short article, written by the President of the IAFICO, reviews philosophical rationales of financial consumer protection (FCP) and its past and future in general. After introducing five different perspectives of the FCP, the author makes a comment on the evolution of the FCP to emphasize the importance of strengthening traditional way of FCP in spite of new technological development.
Although technological advancement may reduce the need of FCP to some degree, the new wave of FCP cannot succeed without accomplishing the existing FCP system.
Understanding Gen Y and Their Complaint Behavior towards Bank
Authors: Astrini Melia Retno
Published: October 2019

In banking industry where company has various direct service delivery moments with consumers, complaints seem inevitable. In Indonesia, banking industry has always been ranked as the top 5 industries that get a lot of complaints from consumers. In this study, we interested to discuss about complaint behavior intentions, specifically within Generation Y consumers. In this study, we particularly interested to discuss about complaint behavior intentions of Generation Y consumers. This is important as an effort to predict future market trends, since nowadays, consumers are dominated by digital consumers like Generation Y. Thus, identifying whether the unique characteristics of Generation affects their complaint behavior will be beneficial for company in creating an appropriate complaint handling strategy.
The data in this study were collected using online survey questionnaire to a total of 131 banking customers. A regression analysis was performed to examine the effect of Generation Y characteristics towards their intention to complain. The results showed that from five Generation Y’s characteristics tested in this study, only characteristics of tech savvy and desire to engage in social media were proved to significantly affect Generation Y’s intention to complaint. Meanwhile, all the characteristics of Generation Y do not have effects on to their intention to repurchase after service recovery effort from service provider. Moreover, the study also provides managerial implications to suggest ways for banks to manage customers’ complaint, particularly that comes from Generation Y.
The Willingness to Invest Under The New Compensation Limit of Investor Protection Fund in Capital Market : Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Adawiyah Wardatul
Published: October 2019

This paper aims to see the willingness of people, both existing investor and non-investor, to invest their money in capital market after the new regulation about new compensation limit of investor protection fund. Moderated regression analysis is used to analyze the willingness to invest in existing investors and non-investors. The data are from a field survey of 110 respondents. The regression result shows that the expenditure and education level of existing investor is negatively and significantly associated with the willingness to invest under the new compensation limit of investor protection fund in capital market, contrary to our initial hypothesis. As well as existing investor side, the expenditure variable of non-investor has statistically significant negative effect on the non-investor willingness to invest. Confirming this study initial hypothesis, education level of non-investor has positive effect on the non-investor willingness to invest but the effect is not statistically significant.
Financial Consumers and Applicable Provisions a European and Italian Perspective
Authors: Senatore Vincenzo
Published: October 2019

In Europe, general legislation requires protection of the economic interests of consumers. This includes, for instance, the consumer protection from financial services, misleading advertising and unfair contract terms. However, only after the global financial crisis, the European Union (EU) has become aware of the lack of transparency, poor handling of conflicts of interest, over-indebtedness, and low awareness of risks of the consumers in dealing with financial services. This paper aims to investigate the financial knowledge and overconfidence in Europe, and to provide an overview of consumer protection policy in EU. Here, it will be analyzed the EU regulatory framework, whose aim is to ensure the stability of the financial markets and to establish specific and common rules for banks and investments companies among the Member States. Furthermore, it deals with protections of financial consumers in the Italian legislation and within a European context. It concludes providing the Italian financial system as best example of crisis management and resolution, by providing out-of-court settlements, collective redress and crisis management procedures, with the aims to establish a systemic stability and financial consumers’ confidence in the bank system.
Insurance Market Development and Income Inequality
Authors: Lee In Mu , Jung Hong Joo , Born Patricia
Published: October 2019

This study aims to empirically analyze the relationship between insurance market development and income inequality for 13 countries from 1980 to 2006. Specifically, we examine how country-level income distributions are related to one particular measure of insurance market development. Our proxies for insurance market development are total life insurance premiums (LP), and total non-life insurance premiums (NLP), which are used as independent variables. The dependent variable is the Gini coefficient (Gini, a common measure of income inequality). Granger causality tests and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) methodologies were employed to analyze correlations between these variables. Granger causality tests were used to determine if the direction, if any, of the cause and effect relationships among these variables.
The results of the Granger causality test indicate that LP affects the Gini coefficient while NLP is influenced by Gini in the total sample of countries. For the higher income economies, NLP is influenced by Gini, whereas both LP and Gini affect each other, and NLP affects Gini in the lower income group. Using the GMM methodology to perform a correlation analysis controls for endogeneity among independent variables, the results suggest that LP has negative (-) relationship with Gini for the total sample. Gini is also negatively (-) related with LP in the higher income economies. Thus, the evidence indicates that life insurance market development results in reduction of income inequality for the total sample of countries. Furthermore, income inequality is lessened as the life insurance market expands in the higher income economies. The empirical findings have some implication for insurance consumer well-being in high income countries.
Regulating the Regulator : Improving Consumer Protection under a Twin Peaks Regulatory Framework
Authors: Schmulow Andrew
Published: October 2019

Australia is in the midst of a financial regulatory crisis. Evidence of malpractice, fraud, criminality, contempt for the law, and the abuse of consumers on an industrial scale, all while Australia’s Twin Peaks regulators looked on, has come as a shocking surprise. The implications stretch well beyond Australia: they are relevant wherever the Australian ’Twin Peaks’ model has been adopted or is under consideration. This article argues that the Twin Peaks model must be analysed from the perspective of regulatory design, as well as implementation. The design - the architecture of Twin Peaks - remains optimal. However the implementation - the plumbing - requires urgent reforms. Drawing on the work of notable international scholars, this article proposes a new accountability framework for the two, peak regulators, in order to enhance their efficacy. In the process of rescuing Twin Peaks from its current inadequate plumbing, consumers may expect to enjoy levels of protection commensurate with those of a developed economy possessed of rule of law.
Encouraging Microcredit through Group Guarantee Loan Moder : The Success Story of MEKAAR Program in Indonesia
Authors: Rokhim Rofikoh
Published: October 2019

In 2015, PT Permodalan Nasional Madani/PNM (Persero) initiated the establishment of Mekaar, a state-owned financing product targeting the pre-prosperous micro business sector. Among all the local organizations that provide microcredit service for the poor, Mekaar is considered as the nearest to the poor, since the program is targeted productive poor women with a credit amount of only IDR2 million (around US$150 in average) per person. With its unique peer-lending model, Mekaar has successfully reached more than 1,300,000 customers within two years of its establishment. The peer-lending model was originated from microcredit practice in Bangladesh; however, PT PNM has been successful in adjusting the peer-lending model with Indonesian culture and market through their Mekaar programs.
In this article, we examine how Mekaar penetrates Indonesian pre-prosperous market with ultra microfinancing. The information presented in this article is collected primarily from field observation to several Mekaar’s branches and interview with the key person in those branches. First, we presented an overview of PT PNM, an Indonesian state-owned company that created Mekaar program, including its vision and mission. Then, we evaluate Mekaar’s loan product and how PT PNM satisfies the funding needs for Mekaar program. We also evaluate characteristics of Mekaar’s target market, Mekaar’s peer lending model, and the role of Account Officer as a facilitator between the lender and the borrowers in Mekaar’s case. Finally, we evaluate the impact of Mekaar’s program and provide consideration related to future planning of Mekaar.
Crypto-assets and Financial Consumer ; A Review of Surrounding Legal Issues
Authors: Yang Gi Jin
Published: October 2019

Crypto-assets or cryptocurrencies have emerged globally lately. This paper aims to discuss several issues about crypto-assets or cryptocurrencies while it introduces the some Korean issues. Recent attempts to regulate crypto-assets or cryptocurrencies are mostly to avoid/decrease regulatory arbitrage. Activities surrounding crypto-assets or cryptocurrencies may constitute pseudo-deposit taking activities subject to the related banking regulations. As cryptocurrencies are sometimes traded like money, activities dealing with cryptocurrencies may be subject to regulations about anti-money laundering (AML) and counter terrorist financing (CTF). Securities issues to protect investors are most topical; securities issues makes ICOs reviewed from an investor protection aspect thereby justifying application of securities regulations. Furthermore, the issue of accounting and taxation, and privacy issue are also important which need to keep watching.
Citizens' Perspective of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Activities by the Financial Institutions of Bangladesh : Are They Societal or Promotional?
Authors: Mamun Muhammad
Published: October 2019

The study tried to find out citizens’ perception regarding different CSR activities undertaken by the financial institutions of Bangladesh. The financial institutions of Bangladesh are found to be mostly involved in 27 CSR activities in five major areas (education, health, infrastructural, public awareness, socio-cultural). The analysis of the 27 CSR activities on the basis of the citizens’ responses has shown a clear perception of the citizens’ understanding regarding the CSR activities undertaken by different institutions of Bangladesh. As noted, the citizens very clearly indicated that the health sector activities, infrastructural development and social awareness campaigns for CSR are more societal than profit-oriented. On the other hand, education related activities to them are to some extent societal than profit driven. But the socio-cultural events they perceive to be more profit driven than societal. Overall the citizens view regarding these CSR activities not purely societal but more societal than profit-oriented. Gender-wise not much difference is observed in the responses.
Financial Education Renaissance in Japan and the Role of CCFIS : A Policy Commentary
Authors: Yoshikuni Shinichi
Published: October 2019

Financial education became a global agenda after the global financial crisis, and is one of the important elements of the SDGs. In Japan, although we have established a comprehensive system of financial education, the level of financial literacy is not high enough in comparison to other advanced economies.
Rapid aging of the society and the increase in financial fraud demonstrate stronger need for enhancing the financial literacy of general public. The Central Council for Financial Services Information responded by publishing the Financial Literacy Map which describes the necessary knowledge and skills regarding money and finance, targeting at different age groups. We also conducted the Financial Literacy Survey, the result of which was widely reported by mass media. Based on the aforementioned products of our work, the Council is conducting various seminars, and publishing materials aimed at protecting consumers from financial fraud by enhancing their financial literacy and at providing necessary knowledge and skills to cope with the era of the 100-year life.
In this connection, we are faced with the issue of how to enhance the financial literacy of teachers in times of rapid financial innovation, as well as in the unprecedented financial environment, such as the zero/negative interest rates. In particular, FinTech could have the effect of causing reverse literacy gap between teachers and students. In order to deal with such challenges, the Council is collaborating with relevant public and/or private institutions, e.g., the Financial Services Agency, local governments, representatives of financial institutions, to revive the spirit of Meiji era, when prominent figures stressed the importance of money in life. We should aim at “financial education renaissance” in Japan.
Evaluating Borrower's Net Yield in Long-Term Fixed Rate Mortgage Loans in Korea
Authors: Ma Seung Ryul
Published: October 2019

The Korean government has tried to change the structure of residential mortgages in Korea from the short-term variable-rate non-amorting loans to the long-term fixed-rate amorting loans since the early 2000’s. This study examines he borrower’s net yield from that new type of loans, which is defined as the difference between the lender’s yield out of the borrower’s repayment and the borrower’s yield from the expected gain on the portion of housing equity funded by cosnumer. The main hypothesis tested is that the borrower’s net yield will be affected by the time of loan origination and the level of mortgage interest rate charged because the future fluctuations of housing values and that of market interest rates are expected to be key determinants. The results confirm the hypothesis in that borrower’s net yields show positive or negative values according to the time of loan start, the level of fixed loan rates, or home regions. The results documented can offer a useful information as to the financial consumers’decision on loan amount and the timing of loan application considering the housing and mortgage market condition, which in turn can provide policy implication to regulating the maximum loan-to-value (LTV) ratio regulations.
The Impact of Fiscal Conservatism ; A Case Study of the 2007 National Pension System Reform in Korea
Authors: Lee Jai Seop
Published: October 2019

This research intends to identify the influential factors in the 2007 National Pension System (NPS) reform in Korea (the Republic of Korea) which drove the NPS toward a structural transformation. This research also examines the applicability of the theory of Clemens and Cook (1999) to the Korean policy shift, who argue that the innate driving force of a policy, an internal contradiction, can be a critical source of structural policy change. A literature review based case study was carried out in this research. The findings are as follows. Firstly, rising fiscal conservatism was the main determinant of the 2007 NPS structural reform. The processes and conditions of the reform documented were: the fiscal conservatism embedded in NPS generated serious policy problems and led to an accumulation of the internal contradictions within NPS by raising the question on its fundamental policy goal. As time passed without any self-correction mechanism with respect to the problematic policy, the NPS lost credibility in the eyes of the public and also lost policy legitimacy. At the same time, there was a competing policy alternative to the NPS. This was the universalistic tax-based Basic Old-Age Pension System. This has been a challenge to NPSin that it had been designed based on the social insurance financing principle. The pre-conditions for the structural NPS reform were fully complete and they could be exploited by self-interested political parties in the following policy-making stages. Secondly, the theoretical assumption that the internal contradiction of a policy can be a decisive power for structural transformation, as suggested by Clemens and Cook (1999) among others, was proven to be theoretically and practically accurate in the Korean public pension reform case.
How Does Medical Expenditure Affect Economic Development? Evidence from OECD Countries
Authors: Kim Do Yeon , Jung Hong Joo , Kim Bo Hyun
Published: October 2019

This study views medical expenditure as an enhancement factor to human capital and, as such, medical expenditure and national healthcare system can have a positive impact on economic development. Using a non-balanced panel data of 26 OECD countries during the period of 1980 and 2008, we find that, as expected, the level of medical expenditure has a positive effect on economic development. In particular, total medical expenditure, public health expenditure and current health expenditure all show a positive effect while cost of capital for forming health care system has a negative impact on economic growth. No statistically significant effect of private health insurance expenditure is found. The effect of national healthcare system is also examined. Both National Health Service and National Health Insurance groups indicate a positive effect on economic progress with respect to total medical expenditure and public health expenditure. On the other hand, current health expenditure and private health insurance expenditure positively affect the National Health Insurance countries but negatively affect the National Health Service countries.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MRSA ISOLATED FROM CHRONIC HEMODIALYSIS OUTPATIENTS AND THEIR CORRELATION TO MRSA COLONIZATION AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS
Authors: Helal Zeinab , Mohamed Heba , ElMahallawy Hadir , Afifi Salwa
Published: October 2019

The carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among dialysis patients is remarkable not only in terms of the risks of developing infections, but also in playing a principle part in transmission among dialysis unit staff. The aim of this study was to detect the colonization of Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA carriage. Also, our aim was to determine the relatedness of MRSA isolates and the potential routes of transmission using PCR- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in Hemodialysis Unit of El Zagazig General Hospital, a tertiary medical center in Sharqia, Egypt. This study was conducted on 150 chronic hemodialysis outpatients and 200 non clinical control samples including environmental and healthcare workers (HCWs). Antibiotic susceptibility by VITEK-2 and disc diffusion, PCR amplification of mecA, pvl and coa genes and RFLP-PCR were conducted during the study period. In this study 3.3% of the patients and 3.2% of HCWs colonized with pvl positive MRSA. Fifty percent of MRSA isolates showed a single band PCR product amplification of 810bp fragment corresponding to coa gene. Ten distinct MRSA RFLP banding patterns designated as H1-H10 were obtained. The majority of strains belonged to RFLP banding pattern H1 (33.33%).The prevalence of MRSA carriage among hemodialysis patients was 14% and 9.7 % among HCWs with similar polymorphism patterns. The presence of one major coa gene type confirmed the occurrence of hospital acquired-associated MRSA.