bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resources and the acceptability of the Repugnant Conclusion
Authors: Schmidt Stephen J.
Published: May 2019

Parfit’s Repugnant Conclusion argues, against intuition, that for any world A, another world Z with higher population and minimal well-being is better. That intuition is incorrect because the argument has not considered resources that support well-being. Z must have many more resources supporting well-being than A does. Z is repugnant because it spreads those resources among too many people; another world with Z’s resources and fewer people, if available, would be far superior. But Z is still better than A; it is worth accepting its very large population to get the resources needed to support their well-being.
Screening commercial teat disinfectants against bacteria isolated from bovine milk using disk diffusion
Authors: Fitzpatrick Sarah Rose , Garvey Mary , Jordan Kieran , Flynn Jim , O'Brien Bernadette , Gleeson David
Published: May 2019

Background and Aim: Teat disinfection is an important tool in reducing the incidence of bovine mastitis. Identifying the potential mastitis-causing bacterial species in milk can be the first step in choosing the correct teat disinfectant product. The objective of this study was to screen commercial teat disinfectants for inhibition against mastitis-associated bacteria isolated from various types of milk samples.

Materials and Methods: Twelve commercially available teat disinfectant products were tested, against 12 mastitis-associated bacteria strains isolated from bulk tank milk samples and bacterial strains isolated from clinical (n=2) and subclinical (n=3) quarter foremilk samples using the disk diffusion method.

Results: There was a significant variation (7-30 mm) in bacterial inhibition between teat disinfection products, with products containing a lactic acid combination (with chlorhexidine or salicylic acid) resulting in the greatest levels of bacterial inhibition against all tested bacteria (p<0.05).

Conclusion: In this study, combined ingredients in teat disinfection products had greater levels of bacterial inhibition than when the ingredients were used individually. The disk diffusion assay is a suitable screening method to effectively differentiate the bacterial inhibition of different teat disinfectant products.
Ectodermal Dysplasia in child: multidisciplinary management
Authors: Schautz Caroline Guimarães , Silva Larissa Conrado da , Faker Khawana , Tostes Mônica Almeida , Cancio Viviane
Published: May 2019

Ectodermal Dysplasia (ED) represents a group of hereditary conditions in which anatomical structures derived from the ectoderm show defects in its development. It is observed aplasia or hypoplasia of the tissues, among them the changes of dental relevance, as the anomalies regarding the number and morphology of the teeth. Due to the particularity of the cases, the dental surgeon must adapt the operative techniques and the choice of dental materials to each individual, according to the perceived need and condition. The objective of the present study is to report the clinical case of a 10 - year old male patient with ectodermal dysplasia who was attended in the discipline of Patients with Special Needs of Dentistry of the Federal University of Fluminense and its multidisciplinary aspects.KeywordsChildren with disabilities; Dental care for disabled; Ectodermal dysplasia; Oral rehabilitation.
Partnership between Institute of Science and Technology / Unesp, Brazil and Ain Shams University, Egypt
Authors: Gonçalves Sergio Eduardo de Paiva , Ebeid Kamal
Published: May 2019

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Association Between Leukocyte Telomere Length and Colorectal Cancer Risk in the Singapore Chinese Health Study
Authors: Luu Hung N. , Qi Meiyuzhen , Wang Renwei , Adams-Haduch Jennifer , Miljkovic Iva , Opresko Patricia L. , Jin Aizhen , Koh Woon-Puay , Yuan Jian-Min
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Telomeres and telomerase play important roles in maintaining chromosome integrity and genomic stability. To address a lack of consensus about the association between leukocyte telomere length and colorectal cancer, we investigated this association in the Singapore Chinese Health Study.

METHODS:

Relative telomere length in white blood cells was quantified using a validated quantitative polymerase chain reaction method in 26,761 participants, including 776 incident colorectal cancer cases. The Cox proportional hazard regression method was used to calculate the hazard ratio and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for colorectal cancer associated with longer telomeres.

RESULTS:

Longer telomeres were significantly associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer (P
trend
= 0.02). Compared with the lowest quartile, subjects with the highest quartile of telomere length had a hazard ratio of 1.32 (95% CI: 1.08–1.62) for developing colorectal cancer. The corresponding elevation in rectal cancer risk for the highest quartile of telomere length was 71% (95% CI: 22–140, P

trend

= 0.02). There was no statistically significant association between telomere length and risk of colon cancer.

DISCUSSION:

This large cohort study of Singapore Chinese, the first study using a cohort study design with more than 26,000 participants that yielded 776 incidence colorectal cancer cases during 12 years of follow-up, provides evidence in support of longer telomeres being associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer, particularly rectal cancer.
Dynamic Landscapes, Emerging Territories
Authors: Abudayyeh Rana
Published: May 2019

As a result of the pressing environmental and technological conditions dominant today, new frontiers for architectural production are emerging. Fueled by accelerated change and increased connectivity, these trajectories operate across multiple scales and domains. The evolving relationship between place, technology, and occupancy formulates a complex active structure that tends to have fluctuating levels of activity and impact. These conditions are giving way to hybridized settings where the interdependence of digital and analog is altering the very politics of place and identity. In response to the prevalence of amalgamated settings, the paradigm of “Dynamic Landscapes, Emerging Territories” is presented.

Dynamic Landscapes have definitions and presence in multiple locations simultaneously, requiring new methods of documentation and assessment in order to conceive appropriate design responses. The paper uses the Syrian Refugee Crisis as a case study for deciphering the implications inherent in displacement in the context of dynamic landscapes. Furthermore, it presents an opportunity to think of new architectural trajectories rooted and driven by the animation of such sites. Inherently dynamic, forced displacement presents rich emerging territories where design carries significant impact and facilitates a tangible reassessment of a refugee’s narrative. Supported by robust information networks and active feedback loops, displaced landscapes as such can learn from their residents and inform their imminent futures specifically, as well as our collective human occupancy at large.

Within constantly changing milieus, architecture’s premises and processes are being challenged to respond to fluctuating contexts and provide for transient occupancies. While some may see this as a loss of spatial agency when it comes to design, these conditions present an opportunity to think of new architectural trajectories that are rooted and driven by the dynamism of multilayered landscapes and new approaches towards practice.
La enseñanza del inglés en escuelas primarias santafesinas en territorios de pobreza: pensar una perspectiva crítica en didáctica específica. Contribuciones desde un estudio de tesis de maestría
Authors: Trevisani Sandra
Published: May 2019

El artículo presenta parte de las conclusionesde una tesis de maestría que estudia el trabajo con unalengua extranjera en escuelas primarias en contextos devulnerabilidad de la ciudad de Santa Fe. Retoma unaprescripción que se deriva de la Ley de Educación Nacional26206/06 en cuyo capítulo II, artículo 87, dice:«La enseñanza de al menos un idioma extranjero seráobligatoria en todas las escuelas primarias y secundariasdel país». Así, la tesis estudia el aula de 7mo. grado,en la que el inglés es un espacio curricular, de escuelasenclavadas en barrios marginales de la ciudad, y analizacondiciones institucionales y pedagógicas necesariaspara su implementación desde una perspectiva didácticacrítica. Se trata de un trabajo donde pobreza y enseñanza

se van constituyendo en territorios con particularidadesque los identifican y diferencian, en los que se visibilizaa niños sujetos de cultura y en los que se va planteandola impronta de una práctica docente como proceso noenajenante, con un discurso no hegemónico que valorelo cultural propiciando la construcción de identidad ysubjetividad de estos tiempos. De este modo, se estudianlas posibilidades de construcción de saberes socialmenteproductivos en el aula. [...]
Entrevista a Adriana Puiggrós
Authors: Baraldi Victoria
Published: May 2019

Este número de Itinerarios Educativos lo hemos dedicado alanálisis del sistema educativo, la educación pública y, vinculadaa ello, el derecho a la educación. Nos propusimos recuperarexperiencias, ensayos e investigaciones que, sin desconocerlas críticas, también pudiesen mostrar la existenciade la escuela como un espacio donde aún es posible pensaren lo común. Nuestra revista siempre incluye una entrevistaa un especialista en el tema de la convocatoria. Consideramosque sos una de las personas que más ha estudiado y quemás conoce la historia de nuestra educación, por eso nuestroespecial interés en poder conversar con vos.
Maggio, M. (2018). Reinventar la clase en la universidad. Buenos Aires: Paidós.
Authors: San Román Candela
Published: May 2019

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Baraldi, V. (Coord.) (2018). Educación secundaria orientada en Santa Fe. Sujetos y construcción curricular en el ciclo básico Santa Fe, Argentina: Ediciones UNL.
Authors: Luna María Virginia
Published: May 2019

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Theory of gateway in case of time travel
Authors: Ahamed Sahriar
Published: May 2019

When we record any video, where do we keep and store it? In a space- that we call memory card or disk or any other kind of storage device. When we are required to see our memories, what we do? We play it with a video player software which is known as media player, dvd player or video player etc. These video player software works as the gate way to visualize the past in-front of us. Same way our reality is storing in another place/space which is another dimension that we know as our past. We can always see it by creating a gate way same as video player software or we may say it as knowledge.Â Â
Temporal monitoring of Ghamu bar glacial lakes using remote sensing and GIS
Authors: Hussain Alamgeer , Bano Dilshad
Published: May 2019

The trends of glacial lakes formation and glacial lake outburst flooding events have been increased across Himalayan Karakorum Hindu Kush (HKH) ranges during last decade due to increase in global warming. This research is addressing the temporal monitoring of ghamu bar glacial lakes using remote sensing and GIS. Landsat images of 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2015 were used to map temporal glacial lakes using normalized difference water index (NDWI) index. The results of normalized difference water index were validated through modified normalized difference water index and field photographs. Temporal variability shows that, glacier lake area has been increase from 1990 to 2015. In 1990 total area of lake was 0.052 sq, which further increased 0.0423 in 1995 than it decreases to 0.314 in 2000 due to detached of debris cover moraine from glacier tongue and it reach 0.0846 sq.km in 2005. The area gradually increased up to 0.1296 sq.km in 2010 and it goes up to 0.157 sq.km 2015. The overall increase in area are expanding at an accelerated rate in past two decades, indicating that Darkut glacier is more vulnerable toward climate change through increase in size and volume ofghamu bar glacial lakes. There is need for vigilance in monitoring of ghamu bar glacial lake through high resolution remote sensing data and development of Geo-database enabling more details about past and future lakes behaviors toward climate change impacts.
Type II half logistic Ibrahim distribution with applications
Authors: B. Abdul-Moniem I. , Seham M.
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we introduce a new distribution called type II half logistic Ibrahim (TIIHLI) distribution. Some properties of this distribution will be discussed. The estimation of unknown parameters for TIIHLI distribution will be handled using real data.Â Â
Reliability of digital radiographs in measuring the vertical and horizontal dental implantsâ€™ dimensions a retrospective study
Authors: Rakan Shaheen Dr. , Muna Binladin Dr. , Alanoud Bin Muammar Dr. , Shuaa Alonazi Dr. , Amjad Alharbi Dr. , Bader Bamousa Dr. , Ahmed Alahmari Dr.
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Digital radiography can take accurate measurements. In implant dentistry, intraoral periapical (PA), bite-wing (BW) and panoramic (OPG) radiographs are being used, although it had limitations of distortion. This research aims to assess the accuracy of digital radiography in measuring dental implants and to evaluate the SIDEXIS softwareâ€™s reliability in measuring their dimensions.Materials and Methods: Over 192 implants from 316 radiographs were selected. All radiographs were analyzed using SIDEXIS software. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.Results: Statistically significant differences (P < 0.5) between the actual heights and widths compared to the measured radiographic dimensions. Over all the distortion was greatest in OPGs. The magnifications were 2.48mm in height and 0.82mm in width for OPGS, 0.17mm in width for BWs while in PAs it was 1.37mm in height and 0.156mm in width. The magnification was more in maxilla for PAs and OPGs. Anteriorly the PAs had the greatest magnification (2.16mm), and OPGs had the greatest at (3.03mm) in height posteriorly.Conclusion: Digital OPG, PA and Bitewing radiographs are reliable for performing dimensions linear measurements for implants, and PAs have the highest precision. Additionally, SIDEXIS software provided accurate results and can be considered a reliable method for implantsâ€™ assessment.Â Â
Comparative studies on the effects of lincomycin and bacitracin on hematobiochemical and immunological parameters in broiler chickens
Authors: A. Elkomy Ashraf , Farag Enas , I. Elgharbawy Elshahat , Elbadawy Mohamed
Published: May 2019

A total of 100 one-day-old healthy broiler chicks were used to study the effects of lincomycin and bacitracin on some hematobiochemical and immunological parameters. Chicks were divided into four equal groups, 25 each. The first group was kept as control; the 2nd group was received 0.5 g of lincomycin per liter; the 3rd group was received 100 mg bacitracin per liter and the 4th group was administered both lincomycin and bacitracin, each at the above-mentioned dose. Drugs were given in drinking water for 5 successive days from 20th to 25th day of age. Bodyweight was recorded at the beginning of the experiment and at 1st-day post administration where body performance was recorded. One day post administration, blood samples were collected for estimation of hematobiochemical and immunological alterations. The obtained results revealed that broiler chicks administered lincomycin or bacitracin or both revealed a marked increase in bodyweight, weight gain, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, erythrocytic count, hemoglobin level, packed cell volume, total leukocytic count, serum total protein, albumin, total globulin, Î±, Î² and Î³ globulin. Furthermore, a significant elevation in malondialdehyde associated with a marked reduction in albumin-globulin ratio, serum total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride and a significant decrease in catalase and superoxide dismutase, were recorded, compared with the control group. In conclusion, lincomycin and bacitracin either alone or in combination have positive impacts on growth performance, immunological and hematobiochemical parameters of broiler chickens. So, it is recommended to use both drugs as growth promoters in broiler chickens.Â Â Â
Using Models to Explain Science
Authors: Gilbert Stephen
Published: May 2019

Models are one key way scientist explain their understanding.  In this aricle different types of modeling approches are used to support student learning.
Simulador educativo para partituras usando escala temperada y no temperada
Authors: Wanumen S Luis Felipe , Cavanzo N Gloria Andrea , Guevara B Juan Carlos
Published: May 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una aplicación de software que permita a un estudiante principiante de música escribir música usando dispositivos móviles con tecnología Android. Esta aplicación técnicamente tiene dos posibilidades, el uso de escala temperada y el uso de escala no temperada pitagórica con el fin de lograr que el escritor de música se sienta a gusto dependiendo el tipo de música que desee escribir. La aplicación al final tiene la opción de reproducir la partitura creada por el usuario de la aplicación móvil
Policy field and policy discourse: The American Federation for Children Network
Authors: Ellison B. Scott , Aloe Ariel M. , Iqtadar Shehreen
Published: May 2019

This article presents findings from an analysis of the AFC policy network using tools from network ethnography and qualitative content analysis. Specifically, we examined tax forms and carried out extensive web searches to spatialize and map the AFC network, mined text from policy-actors in the AFC network, and analyzed the policy discourse promoted by these network actors to achieve their political goals. The task for this study was to use AFC as a heuristic device to explore the complexity of the education policy field and to understand how network policy-actors work to achieve their policy goals through advocacy and marketing. Findings from the study indicate that the AFC network demonstrates a hierarchical ordering, this hierarchical ordering is reflective of the elite planning and social engineering associated with neoliberal reforms, and that the policy-actors in the AFC network employ discursive strategies to frame an elite political project to advance school choice policies as an anti-elite movement oriented toward political empowerment and educational justice.
Bird ringing report for Slovenia in 2017 and short overview of colour ringing in the period of 2012–2017
Authors: Vrezec Al , Fekonja Dare
Published: May 2019

In 2017, the Slovenian bird ringing scheme concluded 90 years of continuous ringing in the country. In 2017, we collected data on 176 bird species. We ringed 79,886 birds of 164 species, recorded 177 recoveries of birds ringed in Slovenia and found abroad, 295 foreign recoveries in Slovenia and 2,209 local recoveries. The most ringed species were the Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla and Great Tit Parus major and, among pulli in the nest, the Great Tit, White Stork Ciconia ciconia and Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica. In 2017, 12 colour ringing schemes were active in Slovenia. In the 2012-2017 period, the number of recoveries of birds ringed in Slovenia and found abroad increased significantly due to colour ringing, especially regarding the waterbirds. With colour ringing, the likelihood of recoveries is considerably greater (75.20 ± 91.36 recoveries per 100 ringed birds) than with metal ringing only (0.11 ± 0.08 recoveries per 100 ringed birds). Among local recoveries, the most frequent were the Mute Swans Cygnus olor and Common Terns Sterna hirundo, and among foreign recoveries the Black-headed Gulls Chroicocephalus ridibundus predominated. In 2017, the first Broad-billed Sandpiper Calidris falcinellus was ringed in Slovenia (Sečovlje salinas), and additional three rare species were ringed as well: the Yellow-browed Warbler Phylloscopus inornatus (Ljubljansko barje), Paddyfield Warbler Acrocephalus agricola (Ljubljansko barje) and Little Bunting Emberiza pusilla (Šentrupert).
The Intertextuality of the Kragehul Spear-shaft Inscription
Authors: Mees Bernard
Published: May 2019

The inscription on a spear-shaft excavated from the Kragehul bog, just outside Flemløse, Denmark, in the late nineteenth century, is one of the most interpretatively problematic of all the early runic texts. Previous treatments of the inscription, however, have failed to consider the intertextuality and syntax of the text properly, and have often been distracted by idiosyncratic hypotheses peculiar to runic studies. The present paper addresses several of the shortcomings evident in the philological method applied in previous accounts in a historiographically critical analysis of the very difficult ancient moor find. Syntactic features such as anastrophe and left branch extraction can be discerned in the Kragehul spear-shaft inscription that seems to preserve a text that is intertextually paralleled by other contemporary Migration Age sources.
Foreign Influences on Nordic (Noir) Borderlands
Authors: Marklund Anders
Published: May 2019

This article analyses the three recent Nordic Noir television series Bordertown (Sorjonen) from Finland, Trapped (Ófærð), from Iceland, and the Danish-Swedish The Bridge (Broen/Bron). All series are located on national borderlands, and this article aims to discern the significance of using such borderland settings. Departing from Doreen Massey’s emphasis on places as being inherently inter-linked with other places, the article characterises the various ways foreign influences are represented and narrativised in these three series.
The dance of expressive adverbials (“ideophones”) in Jamsay (Dogon)
Authors: Heath Jeffrey
Published: May 2019

In addition to nouns, adjectives, numerals, postpositions, and verbs, Dogon languages such as Jamsay have an open-ended class of expressive adverbials (EAs). EAs partially overlap with what have been called ideophones or mimetics in other languages, but these labels conceal a range of grammatical statuses. EAs have no fixed position within larger syntactic phrases except as predicates. Unlike other constituents, they cannot be syntactically focalized, and they cannot be targeted by tonosyntactic operations. However, EAs do have a mini-morphosyntax of their own. All three of nouns, adjectives, and EAs can be made predicative, but the three use different morphosyntactic frames. Under limited conditions, an EA can fuse into a compound with a preceding noun or numeral that it is closely associated with. Most importantly, ordinary adjectives and numerals are convertible into EAs by morphological processes. In sum, Jamsay EAs constitute a distinct stem-class that functions as part of the grammar, but in a uniquely Dogon manner.
The variation of calques in European languages, with particular reference to Spanish and German: Main patterns and trends
Authors: González Félix Rodríguez , Knospe Sebastian
Published: May 2019

This article compares the use of calques modelled on anglicisms in different European languages, especially Spanish and German, which do not only show structural differences (e.g. with regard to the use of noun-noun compounds, which are more common in German) but also reflect different attitudes towards English. Aspects covered range from the factors generally favouring the coinage of such replacive forms, to the reasons for the emergence of different types of calques, to variations in their use and challenges concerning their identification. To unravel the main patterns and trends in calquing, this study includes numerous examples from written and oral language, i.e. items of different register affiliation, age, length, and semantic transparency. On a theoretical level, the article incorporates findings from the fields of lexicology, contact linguistics and sociolinguistics.
When language mixing is the norm: documenting post-muda language choice in a state school in Barcelona
Authors: Patiño-Santos Adriana
Published: May 2019

This article studies the language uses of a group of new speakers of Catalan at a secondary school in a metropolitan working class area of Barcelona, who have experienced their linguistic mudes as a consequence of having being schooled in the Catalan education system from an early age. As shown in previous research on children of economic migrants in Catalonia, these students internalize and reproduce the language distribution of Catalan and Spanish that they are exposed to in their immediate environment. This will vary according to the locality in which they find themselves, in our case, a working class neighborhood in which Catalan is reserved as the vehicular language of instruction, while Spanish dominates as the language of social relations. The article adopts a language socialization perspective to give account of the linguistic competences these multilinguals display when carrying out an academic task. Translanguaging, in the form of language alternation and language mixing from the various repertoires that these students have at their disposal, emerges as the norm among them and their teachers in this school. This article embraces the idea that documenting the linguistic practices of new speakers can shed light on actual linguistic uses and trajectories after the linguistic muda takes place.
Language socialisation and muda: The case of two transnational migrants in Emmaus Barcelona
Authors: Garrido Maria Rosa
Published: May 2019

This article investigates the relationship between socialisation and the concept of linguisticmudain a community of practice that belongs to a social movement called Emmaus. Based on a long-term ethnography (2008–2017), the article focuses on two transnational migrants who undergo a linguisticmudainto functionally bilingual Catalan through participation in communal activities at Emmaus Barcelona. The analysis firstly traces the tensions arising in linguistic negotiation during a migrant novice’s initial participation in assemblies as a “socialising routine”. Although established participants of all origins projected a preferred bilingual stance and routinely code-switched, newly-arrived migrants were initially addressed in Spanish, in line with the commonsensical sociolinguistic behaviour routinely adopted with migrants in Catalonia. Analysis of the two migrants’ socialisation trajectories in Emmaus illuminates the changing sociolinguistic norms in Catalonia that legitimise transnational migrants’ linguisticmudesin this community. In conclusion, acceptance as a legitimate speaker of Catalan at Emmaus Barcelona can be viewed as a means to an end: that of becoming a legitimate member, capable of participating in joint (inter)actions such as assemblies.
Experimental hypogonadism: insulin resistance, biochemical changes and effect of testosterone substitution
Authors: Doulamis Ilias P. , Tzani Aspasia , Konstantopoulos Panagiotis , Daskalopoulou Afroditi , Spinos Theodoros , Bletsa Evanthia , Mitsopoulou Dimitra , Spinou Marianna , Brinia Maria Evgenia , Palaiopanos Konstantinos , Korou Laskarina Maria , Perrea Despina N. , Katsilambros Nicholas L.
Published: May 2019

Background

We sought to clarify the role of testosterone substitution in terms of insulin resistance and metabolic profile dysregulation in hypogonadism.

Methods

Twenty-nine male Wistar rats aged 11–12 weeks were divided in three groups: control (C, n = 10), sham operation; orchiectomy (ORX, n = 9); and orchiectomy + testosterone substitution (ORX+T, n = 10). Blood samples were obtained at day 1 (operation), after 10 days (intramuscular T injection 100 μg/100 g b.w.), 25 days (second T injection) and 40 days (sacrifice).

Results

Hormonal replacement significantly attenuated the negative effect of orchiectomy on insulin resistance as indicated by the successive changes in both insulin levels (1.44 ± 2.94 vs. 4.10 ± 2.47 vs. 1.78 ± 0.68 ng/mL, for D1, D10 and D40, respectively; p = 0.028 and p = 0.022, respectively) and HOMA-IR index (1.36 ± 2.75 vs. 3.68 ± 1.87 vs. 1.74 ± 0.69 ng/mL, for D1, D10 and D40, respectively; p = 0.024 and p = 0.026, respectively) in the ORX+T group. Irisin levels peaked at the 10th postoperative day and were decreased at the end of the experiment (0.27 ± 0.11 vs. 0.85 ± 0.54 vs. 0.02 ± 0.07 ng/mL for D1, D10 and D40, respectively; p = 0.028 in both cases), whereas resistin levels did not differ.

Experimental hypogonadism results in an unfavorable lipid profile and insulin resistance, which is not observed when the ORX animals are substituted for T.
A sound-symbolic alternation to express cuteness and the orthographic Lyman’s Law in Japanese
Authors: Kumagai Gakuji
Published: May 2019

The current study deals with two topics. One is the new nicknaming trend in Japanese whereby [h] alternates with [p]. In Experiment I, I established the hypothesis that the process is driven to express cuteness, and experimentally demonstrated that singleton [p] is more likely to be associated with cuteness than other consonants in Japanese. The other topic discussed in the current paper is the orthographic Lyman’s Law, or OCP(diacritic) (Kawahara, Shigeto. 2018. Phonology and orthography: The orthographic characterization of rendaku and Lyman’s Law.Glossa: a Journal of General Linguistics3(1). 1–24.). In Experiment II, I tested whether OCP(diacritic) is psychologically real in the minds of Japanese speakers, using nicknames with [h]→[p] alternation already applied. The results showed that the naturalness of nicknames is reduced when they contain singleton [p] and voiced obstruents, both of which need a diacritical mark in hiragana and katakana. This suggests that OCP(diacritic) is active in nicknaming processes beyond rendaku and devoicing of voiced geminates. Experiment II also showed that the naturalness of nicknames is affected by other OCP effects such as OCP(C), OCP(CV), and OCP(labial). This result suggests that such OCP effects impinge on the patterns resulting from nicknaming formation.
Average Power Model of Optical Raman Amplifiers Based on Frequency Spacing and Amplifier Section Stage Optimization
Authors: Amiri IS , Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki , Yupapin P
Published: May 2019

The study presents the average power model of optical Raman fiber amplifiers based on frequency spacing and amplifier section stage optimization technique. The amplifier section stage is taken from 25 to 75 km and frequency spacing is taken from 0.2 up to 1 nm. Input/output Raman signal variations are measured versus operating wavelength range and bit time period variations. The suitable input signal power for the optical transmitter is chosen to be −10 dBm and return to zero modulation code is applied with an available data rate of 10 Gb/s. Sixty-four channels are multiplexed to benefit a multi-number of users with suitable power levels.
Developmental State with Neoliberal Tools: A Portrait of the Brazilian Housing Financial System
Authors: Gomes Schapiro Mario , Pereira Saylon Alves
Published: May 2019

In the last decades, several countries have undertaken institutional reforms in their national housing finance systems (SFH). At the end of the 1990s, the Brazilian government followed this global trend and reformed its national SFH. In 1997, Congress enacted Law no. 9.514, instituting the Real Estate Financial System (SFI) that should gradually replace the former SFH. The new SFI sought a different model of financing based on the creation of a mortgage market, which consisted of securitizing debts and fundraising via the capital market. In contrast, the former SFH was a state-led arrangement that relied on direct credit policies, public subsidies and the performance of state-owned banks. This paper aims to assess the Brazilian housing reform outcomes. Regarding legal security, the data collected pointed to the satisfactory success of these measures. However, concerning the extent to which the market relation expanded over the state domains, the achievement is different. The most apparent effect of the reform is a repositioning of state agents in the new institutional frameworks, most notably the state-owned bank in the housing market.
Effects of Acute High-Intensity Exercise With the Elevation Training Mask or Hypoxicator on Pulmonary Function, Metabolism, and Hormones
Authors: Ott Taylor , Joyce Michael C. , Hillman Angela R.
Published: May 2019

Ott, T, Joyce, MC, and Hillman, AR. Effects of acute high-intensity exercise with the elevation training mask or hypoxicator on pulmonary function, metabolism, and hormones. J Strength Cond Res 35(9): 2486–2491, 2021—The elevation training mask (ETM) 2.0 is an increasingly popular hands-free respiratory muscle training modality proposing to mimic altitude; however, the degree to which this occurs has been questioned. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of this modality in comparison with using a hypoxicator (HYP) during acute aerobic exercise. Eight regularly active subjects (age: 25 ± 8 years; height: 166 ± 12 cm; body mass 64 ± 10 kg; and V̇o
2max: 46 ± 6 ml·kg−1·min−1) completed 3 trials, each including resting metabolic rate measurement, pulmonary function tests, and 13 sprint intervals at 90% V̇o
2max using either the HYP, ETM, or control. There was no significant difference in metabolism or heart rate between conditions. Fraction of expired air in the first second was greater after exercise (p = 0.02), while oxygen saturation was lower during exercise with the HYP (p < 0.001). Human growth hormone increased with exercise, but no differences were found between conditions; however, a trend was observed for higher growth hormone after exercise in HYP vs. ETM (p = 0.08). Elevation training mask does not seem to change acute pulmonary function, metabolism, heart rate, or oxygen saturation, indicating it likely does not create a hypoxic environment or mimic altitude.
Multilevel Hybrid Firefly-Based Bayesian Classifier for Intrusion Detection in Huge Imbalanced Data
Authors: Umamaheswari K. , Janakiraman Subbiah , Chandraprabha K.
Published: May 2019

Intrusion detection in network data is a challenging task because of the velocity of data and data imbalances associated with the domain. This article presents a scalable multilevel hybrid classifier (MLHC) model that can handle huge data and the imbalance associated with network transmission data. The initial level of the proposed model is composed of a hybridized firefly prediction model to identify intrusions. The second-level prediction mechanism is modeled with a Bayesian learner to provide probabilistic predictions. The Bayesian learner is trained with balanced data, thus reducing the effects of imbalance, and only part of the predicted data is passed for secondary prediction, leading to reduced impacts of imbalance and faster and more effective solutions. Experiments were performed on benchmark datasets, namely Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD)’99, New Subset and Labeled version of KDD (NSL-KDD), and University of New South Wales (UNSW) datasets, and comparisons were conducted with several recent studies. The results indicate improved performances by up to 37 % in F-measure and 19 % in detection rate, thereby exhibiting the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed model.
Effect of Different Creep and Recovery Times on the MSCR Test for Highly Modified Asphalt Binder
Authors: Gaspar Matheus S. , Nogueira Bianca , Vasconcelos Kamilla L. , M. Leite Leni F. , B. Bernucci Liedi L.
Published: May 2019

The development of the multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) test represented an improvement in the evaluation of the rutting susceptibility of asphalt binders. However, the creep and recovery times of the current test protocol (1 and 9 s, respectively) may not be adequate to predict performance under extremely heavy and slow traffic conditions or to allow full recovery of polymer-modified binders. Highly modified asphalt binders have been increasingly used in pavements under severe traffic and weather conditions, and, because of the higher polymer content in these materials, they can be more sensitive to variations in loading times and stresses. However, the influence of different loading times has not been investigated in detail for these materials yet. In this article, the effect of longer creep and recovery times on the MSCR test was evaluated for a highly modified asphalt binder, and the results were compared with those obtained for a neat asphalt binder and a regular styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified binder. Tests were carried out at the high performance grading temperature of each binder. and three situations were analyzed: (i) the increase of creep time to 2, 4, and 8 s; (ii) the increase of recovery time to 240 and 500 s; and (iii) the increase of both times simultaneously, to 2/18 s and 3/27 s. The highly modified binder analyzed was more susceptible to variation in creep and recovery times than the other binders and showed considerable increase in compliance due to nonlinear behavior, although there is no evidence that this was caused by the high polymer amount in this material. The results support the need of further investigation in this subject for future refinements in the MSCR test protocol and the specification criteria for slow or standing traffic, so that the susceptibility to longer loading times can be properly considered.
Sensitivity Analysis of Distress Influence Factors on Steel-Plastic Compound Reinforced Retaining Wall
Authors: Zheng Bin-Shuang , Huang Xiao-Ming , Zhao Run-Min , Chen Jia-Ying , Zhang Wei-Guang , Yu Tian-Lai
Published: May 2019

Based on the distress survey of the existing reinforced retaining wall in Harbin, this article summarizes the main forms of distresses. Taking the section with typical distresses as an example, the influences of fill properties, fill void, ribbon fracture, seepage, traffic load, and other factors on the horizontal deflection and axial force were analyzed by the finite element (FE) method. Causes of distresses of the reinforced retaining wall were systematically studied. Results showed that soil pressure, traffic load, seepage, and the combined action of many other factors are the main causes of retaining wall distresses. The sensitivity factors of horizontal displacement of a reinforced retaining wall are the cohesion and internal friction angle of filling soil. Moisture caused essentially by pavement cracks and seepage can result in the decrease of cohesion and internal friction angle, which are the important factors of outward-dipping deformation. Ribbon fracture, filling soil void, and traffic overload are the important factors leading to horizontal deformation of a retaining wall. According to the orthogonal experiment design, cohesion is the most significant factor for the horizontal deformation of a retaining wall, followed by the internal friction angle; the elastic modulus of foundation and the rest of the factors are not significant, which is consistent with the simulation result of the range analysis. The FE models show good predictability and are well validated by field tests and the orthogonal experiment. These models appear to work for similar reinforced retaining walls.
Imaging Beyond the Angiogram in Women with Suspected Myocardial Infarction and No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Iqbal Sohah N.
Published: May 2019

A subset of women referred to the cardiac catheterization lab for suspected myocardial infarction thought to be due to a culprit artery are found to have no obstructive coronary artery disease by angiography. The mechanism by which these women have myocardial injury varies and is not usually clear by history and angiography alone. Additional imaging, including modalities such as cardiac MRI, intravascular imaging, and computed tomography may be helpful to clarify diagnoses and direct treatment.
Multimodality Imaging Training for General and Advanced Cardiology Fellowships
Authors: Sivaram Chittur A.
Published: May 2019

With the growth in multimodality imaging technology, there is heightened interest in advanced imaging training within the cardiology fellow community. The ideal training models for multimodality imaging remain to be determined and there are uncertainties about the manpower needs for cardiologists with advanced multimodality imaging expertise. This commentary discusses several areas pertaining to training of cardiology fellows in multimodality imaging.
Evaluation of the Patient with Incidental Left Ventricular Hypertrophy on Echocardiography
Authors: Newman Darrell B. , Bois John P. , Geske Jeffrey B.
Published: May 2019

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), or an increase in cardiac mass, usually reflects pathologic adaptation to chronic pressure or volume loads. Physiologic adaptation in athletes as well as genetic, metabolic, and infiltrative disorders may also result in increased cardiac mass. Given vast differences in prognosis and therapeutic options associated with different underlying conditions, the evaluation of patients with LVH necessitates a modern, comprehensive evaluation incorporating multimodality imaging. Herein we present a systematic approach to patients with incidental LVH.
Using 3D-Printed Models to Advance Clinical Care
Authors: Pantelic Molly , Pantelic Milan , Pietila Todd , Rollet Marianne , Myers Eric , Song Thomas , O’Neill William W. , Wang Dee Dee
Published: May 2019

Structural Heart is a new field within the division of cardiovascular service lines. Structural heart has broadened the scope of delivery of cardiovascular care with its ability to deliver new valves and devices to heart patients who were once turned down for traditional open-heart surgery through the use of transcatheter delivery systems and device designs. However, in the absence of an open-surgical field, the main limitation in transcatheter device development and patient-centric care is the inability of the Structural Heart Implanter to palpate the patient’s cardiac anatomy for device sizing and delivery. Application of 3D printing and 3D modeling are becoming a useful toolkit for Structural Heart Implanters, Imagers, and Device specialists within the Heart Team to use as a communication tool and case planning resource to optimize patient care, and patient safety. Transcatheter interventions have revolutionized not only the field of cardiology, but additionally the field of biomedical engineering within Cardiovascular Medicine through the incorporation of 3D simulation technology.
Геоінформаційна інвентаризація, оцінювання стану та пропозиції щодо озеленення та благоустрою території парку ім. Івана Франка у Чорткові
Authors: Bidolakh D. I. , Grinyuk Yu. G. , Kuzyovych V. S. , Pidkhovna S. M. , Timanska O. B.
Published: May 2019

Наведено результати проведення подеревної інвентаризації зелених насаджень парку відповідно до наявних методів з використанням сучасних технологій. Інформацію про місцезнаходження кожного дерева отримано за допомогою GPS Garmin GPS Map 64S з наступними коригуваннями в геоінформаційній системі ArcGis 9.2 на підставі ортофотоплану, який отримано за допомогою квадрокоптера Phantom 4. Після цього створено геоінформаційну базу даних дерев і чагарників, де координати розташування дерев поєднуються з інформацією про видовий склад, фітосанітарні та основні таксаційні показники рослин. Візуалізація створеної бази даних деревно-чагарникової рослинності на підставі цифрової моделі території дало змогу створити 3-вимірну модель території у програмі Realtime Landscaping Architect 2016 (RLA 2016). За результатами виконаних робіт встановлено таксономічний склад дендроценозів, проаналізовано стан насаджень парку та проведено їх оцінку з точки зору фітосанітарного, продуктивного та естетичного стану, встановлено типи садово-паркових ландшафтів об'єкта. Аналіз фітосанітарного стану зелених насаджень в Чортківському парку показав, що переважна кількість дерев належить до категорії стану "добрий", а майже четверта частина облікованих дерев потребує здійснення оздоровчих заходів, або видалення.
Стан ценопопуляції Allium Victorialis L. на території Українського Розточчя
Authors: Lyubynets' I. P. , Khomyn I. G.
Published: May 2019

Викладено результати дослідження екологічних особливостей Allium victorialis на території Українського Розточчя, подано флористичний склад локалітетів з участю цього виду, описано основні фенологічні фази розвитку цибулі переможної в місцях поширення. На підставі чотирьохрічних спостережень встановлено флуктаційний тип динаміки щільності ценопопуляції, сталість характеру вікового спектра з максимумом на групі особин віргінільного стану, значну кількість ювенільних особин, що може свідчити про добре насіннєве поновлення та сприятливі умови для проростання насіння. За співвідношенням онтогенетичних індексів (віковості та ефективності) віднесено ценопопуляцію до молодого типу. Відзначено присутність особини трьох основних класів віталітету, що зменшує уразливість до несприятливих чинників, ценопопуляція характеризується рівноважним типом віталітетної структури. На підставі показників насіннєвої продуктивності встановлено високу інтенсивність утворення плодів, проте низька частка занасінення і невисокі значення коефіцієнта продуктивності. З'ясовано, що врожай насіння більше залежить від щільності генеративних особин, ніж від значень фактичної насіннєвої продуктивності. Запропоновано список роду Allium для Українського Розточчя доповнити видом Allium victorialis та внести його до нового Переліку видів судинних рослин, що потребують охорони в межах Львівської області.
Лісівничо-таксаційна характеристика березових деревостанів Чернігівського полісся
Authors: Tyschenko O. M.
Published: May 2019

Проаналізовано лісівничо-таксаційні особливості розподілу площ березових деревостанів Чернігівського Полісся за віком, типами лісорослинних умов, повнотою, бонітетом та походженням на підставі повидільної бази даних таксаційної характеристики лісів ВО "Укрдержліспроект". Розраховано середні таксаційні показники березняків цього регіону: вік, відносну повноту, запас, зміну запасу, бонітет, висоту, діаметр, частку участі берези у складі. Лісові насадження Чернігівського Полісся становлять 713,4 тис. га, з яких 395,9 тис. га підпорядковані обласному управлінню лісового та мисливського господарства. Площа вкритих лісовою рослинністю земель – 355,8 тис. га, середня лісистість території сягає близько 25,1 %. У регіоні досліджень склалися оптимальні кліматичні, ґрунтові, гідрологічні умови для вирощування березових насаджень, які займають площу 36,8 тис. га (10,3 %) та становлять найбільшу частку серед м'яколистяних порід. За бонітетною шкалою переважають високопродуктивні насадження І та ІІ класу бонітету. Характерними та домінантними типами лісорослинних умов для березняків є свіжі та вологі субори, вологі сугруди (B2, B3, C3). Переважають середньовікові березові деревостани, вони становлять 51,3 %, стиглі та перестиглі – 28,3 %. Домінуюча відносна повнота насаджень знаходиться в діапазоні від 0,7 до 0,9. За походженням переважають вегетативні порослеві – 59,2 %, насіннєві штучні – 29,2 % та насіннєві природні – 11,6 %. За коефіцієнтом участі берези у складі деревостанів більшість становлять насадження 8 та 7 одиниць. Зібрані дані буде використано для проведення подальших досліджень форми стовбурів та сортиментної структури березових деревостанів Чернігівського Полісся.