bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Restoring the real world records in Men’s swimming without high-tech swimsuits
Authors: Gao Zhenyu , Li Yixing , Wang Zhengxin
Published: August 2020

The recently concluded 2019 World Swimming Championships was another major swimming competition that witnessed some great progresses achieved by human athletes in many events. However, some world records created 10 years ago back in the era of high-tech swimsuits remained untouched. With the advancements in technical skills and training methods in the past decade, the inability to break those world records is a strong indication that records with the swimsuit bonus cannot reflect the real progressions achieved by human athletes in history. Many swimming professionals and enthusiasts are eager to know a measure of the real world records had the high-tech swimsuits never been allowed. This paper attempts to restore the real world records in Men’s swimming without high-tech swimsuits by integrating various advanced methods in probabilistic modeling and optimization. Through the modeling and separation of swimsuit bias, natural improvement, and athletes’ intrinsic performance, the result of this paper provides the optimal estimates and the 95% confidence intervals for the real world records. The proposed methodology can also be applied to a variety of similar studies with multi-factor considerations.
The Normative/Agentive Correspondence
Authors: Simonelli Ryan
Published: August 2020

In recent work, Robert Brandom (2008. Between Saying and Doing. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2019. A Spirit of Trust. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press) has articulated important connections between the deontic normative statuses of entitlement and commitment and the alethic modal statuses of possibility and necessity. In this paper, I articulate an until now unexplored connection between Brandom’s core normative statuses of entitlement and commitment and the agentive modal statuses of ability and compulsion. These modals have application not only in action, but also in perception and inference, and, in both of these cases, there is a direct mapping between the normative statuses that one bears towards various claims, articulated from the perspective of the attributor of commitments and entitlements, and the agentive modal statuses that one bears towards various judgments, articulated from the perspective of the undertaker of commitments. I will highlight this correspondence, focusing on the case of perception, and show how it sheds light on the account of mindedness that emerges from Brandom’s theory of discursive practice.
Information Encountering at the Opera: What Donizetti and Romani’s Opera BuffaL’elisir d’amoreCan Teach Us About Pseudo-Serendipity in Human Information Behaviour
Authors: Solomon Yosef
Published: August 2020

This study connects two purportedly unrelated disciplines: information studies and opera, by examining what can be learned about information encountering, and in particular on pseudo-serendipity in human information behaviour, through analysing selected scenes of the nineteenth century opera buffaL’elisir d’amore(“Elixir of love”). As part of the emergent “information studies in the arts” framework, the study uses a hermeneutic interpretation of the libretto through informational perspective and analysis of the musical treatment of the text. All choices and sense-making are subjective. Analysis ofL’elisir d’amore’s first six scenes uncovers valuable descriptions and insights regarding information encountering within a nineteenth century south-west Europe temporal culture. Findings augment the current knowledge on pseudo-serendipity in human information behaviour, and provide a more profound understanding of this nonlinear information behaviour. Operatic works have not yet served the development of information studies. This study establishes that opera can be a meaningful scholastic source for developing information research and discourse. It provides both valuable insight, from an operatic angle, into information encountering in the context of a bygone era, and an original information-behavioural layer of analysis to the Italian operaL’elisir d’amore.
Examining sharp restart in a Monte Carlo method for the linearized Poisson–Boltzmann equation
Authors: Thrasher W. John , Mascagni Michael
Published: August 2020

It has been shown that when using a Monte Carlo algorithm to estimate the electrostatic free energy of a biomolecule in a solution, individual random walks can become entrapped in the geometry. We examine a proposed solution, using a sharp restart during the Walk-on-Subdomains step, in more detail. We show that the point at which this solution introduces significant bias is related to properties intrinsic to the molecule being examined. We also examine two potential methods of generating a sharp restart point and show that they both cause no significant bias in the examined molecules and increase the stability of the run times of the individual walks.
Circulating irisin is linked to bone mineral density in geriatric Chinese men
Authors: Zhang Jianmei , Huang Xiaocheng , Yu Rongbo , Wang Yan , Gao Congcong
Published: August 2020

Background

While there is evidence of a link between irisin and bone metabolism, prior clinical evaluations have been limited to women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. The primary goal of this evaluation is to examine the relationship between irisin and bone mineral density (BMD) in geriatric Chinese men experiencing osteoporosis or osteopenia.

Methods

In this case–control study, 43 geriatric Chinese men were verified as having osteoporosis or osteopenia via dual-energy X-ray light absorption spectrophotometry, and 24 subjects were accepted as the controls. Serum irisin levels were detected by a commercial ELISA kit.

Results

Serum irisin levels were lowered in geriatric Chinese men with osteopenia and osteoporosis, and multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the serum irisin level is an independent factor impacting BMD.

Conclusions and discussion

Our data confirm a positive correlation between irisin levels and BMD in geriatric Chinese men. Irisin has a protective effect on bone health dependent on BMD, but large clinical trials are still required to verify the irisin and BMD relationship.
Bossy matrons and forced marriages: Talmudic confrontationalism and its philosophical significance
Authors: Fisch Menachem
Published: August 2020

This article introduces the confrontational theology of the rabbinic literature of late antiquity by means of a well-known, yet ill-understood legend. It goes on to argue that Talmudic confrontationalism comes coupled with an insistent dialogism that, unlike any other major human undertaking, displays a profound awareness of the indispensable role of external normative critique in the process of changing one’s mind.
Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza and the Quest for the Historical Jesus
Authors: Walters Amy Madeleine
Published: August 2020

The feminist theological and historical work of Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza has been met with diverging responses. For feminist biblical scholars, Schüssler Fiorenza is essential reading, with even her works from the 1970s and 1980s still standing as key reference points. For mainstream (“malestream”) biblical scholarship, however, her entire body of writing is typically ignored, including within historical Jesus research (HJR), despite its value in both problematising and advancing the so-called Quests for the Historical Jesus. By evaluating and synthesising Schüssler Fiorenza’s HJR work on fundamentalism, feminism, and anti-Semitism, this article situates the effects of Schüssler Fiorenza’s work and the credibility of her critics within the Quests. While the themes Schüssler Fiorenza addresses, such as feminism and Judaism, are key features of the Third Quest, Schüssler Fiorenza’s proposals with regard to HJR, including the politics of interpretation, the shift to memory and orality studies, and the evaluation of meaning-making itself, are theoretically critical and self-reflexive in a way which the Third Quest has rarely been. Given the emphasis Schüssler Fiorenza places on self-evaluation, and her critical examination of the work of her peers in HJR, one is led to consider the possibility that her work may represent a Third Quest Critical-Stream, or even a Fourth Quest.
Fabrication of poly (1, 8-octanediol-co-Pluronic F127 citrate)/chitin nanofibril/bioactive glass (POFC/ChiNF/BG) porous scaffold via directional-freeze-casting
Authors: Tian Yaling , Liang Kai , Ji Yali
Published: August 2020

The citrate-based thermoset elastomer is a promising candidate for bone scaffold material, but the harsh curing condition made it difficult to fabricate porous structure. Recently, poly (1, 8-octanediol-co-Pluronic F127 citrate) (POFC) porous scaffold was creatively fabricated by chitin nanofibrils (ChiNFs) supported emulsion-freeze-casting. Thanks to the supporting role of ChiNFs, the lamellar pore structure formed by directional freeze-drying was maintained during the subsequent thermocuring. Herein, bioactive glass (BG) was introduced into the POFC porous scaffolds to improve bioactivity. It was found the complete replacement of ChiNF particles with BG particles could not form a stable porous structure; however, existing at least 15 wt% ChiNF could ensure the formation of lamellar pore, and the interlamellar distance increased with BG ratios. Thus, the BG granules did not contribute to the formation of pore structure like ChiNFs, however, they surely endowed the scaffolds with enhanced mechanical properties, improved osteogenesis bioactivity, better cytocompatibility as well as quick degradation rate. Reasonably adjusting BG ratios could balance the requirements of porous structure and bioactivity.
Rubber-ceramic composites applicable in flexible antennas
Authors: Al-Sehemi Abdullah G. , Al-Ghamdi Ahmed A. , Dishovsky Nikolay T. , Radev Lachezar , Mihailova Irena , Malinova Petrunka A. , Atanasov Nikolay T. , Atanasova Gabriela L.
Published: August 2020

Glass ceramics from the CaO–P2O5–SiO2 system were synthesized. They were characterized by XRD, SEM and EDX methods. It was found that they contain two crystalline [Whitlockite, Ca3 (PO4)2 and Hydroxylapatite, Ca5 (PO4)3 (OH)] and one residual amorphous phase. The ceramics are composed of porous aggregates of fine particles with predominant macro- and mesopores in it. The ceramics were used as a functional filler in natural rubber based composites, as the filling is in the range of 5–50 phr. The influence of the chemical nature and structure of the ceramics and the degree of filling on the vulcanization characteristics, physicomechanical parameters, dielectric and dynamic properties, the coefficient of thermal conductivity and the volume resistivity, including external pressure or bending on the specimens were investigated. An influence of the filler and the degree of filling on all studied properties was found. All tested composites have dielectric parameters (ε′, real part of complex permittivity; ε′′, imaginary part of complex permittivity; σ, conductivity; tanδ
ɛ, tangent from dielectric loss angle) suitable for use as substrates and insulating layers of flexible antennas. Particularly impressive are composites containing 30 and 50 phr fillers, which have the lowest tangent from dielectric loss angle values.
Effect of pro-oxidant concentration on characteristics of packaging films of cobalt stearate filled polypropylene
Authors: Sable Sunil , Ahuja Sanjeev , Bhunia Haripada
Published: August 2020

In this work, polypropylene (PP) filled with different proportions of CoSt were prepared in a twin-screw extruder by compounding technique. Eight films of these compounds were prepared using compression moulding. The modified PP films were characterized for chemical, physical, thermal, and morphological properties (before and after biodegradation). The biodegradation of the CoSt filled PP films was studied under controlled composting conditions, and the degradation intermediates were evaluated for their ecotoxicological impact. The CoSt present in the PP film was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. As the addition of CoSt was progressively increased, the tensile strength and thermal stability decreased as shown by UTM and thermogravimetric analysis. The compounding of CoSt in PP reduced its crystallinity as revealed by the differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction analysis, and this led to enhanced degradation of PP. After biodegradation, SEM results of modified PP films showed rougher morphology than before biodegradation. The maximum biodegradation (19.78%) was shown by the film having 2 phr CoSt. The ecotoxicity tests of the degraded material, namely, microbial test, plant growth test, and earthworm acute-toxicity test demonstrated that the biodegradation intermediates were nontoxic. Hence, CoSt filled PP has high industrial potential to make biodegradable flexible packaging.
Impact of insurance status on overall survival after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC)
Authors: Chokshi Ravi J. , Kim Jin K. , Patel Jimmy , Oliver Joseph B. , Mahmoud Omar
Published: August 2020

Objectives

The impact of insurance status on oncological outcome in patients undergoing cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) is poorly understood.

Methods

Retrospective study on 31 patients having undergone 36 CRS-HIPEC at a single institution (safety-net hospital) between 2012 and 2018. Patients were categorized as insured or underinsured. Demographics and perioperative events were compared. Primary outcome was overall survival (OS).

Results

A total of 20 patients were underinsured and 11 were insured. There were less gynecologic malignancies in the underinsured (p=0.02). On univariate analysis, factors linked to poor survival included gastrointestinal (p=0.01) and gynecologic malignancies (p=0.046), treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p=0.03), CC1 (p=0.02), abdominal wall resection (p=0.01) and Clavien–Dindo 3-4 (p=0.01). Treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and abdominal wall resections, but not insurance status, were independently associated with OS (p=0.01, p=0.02 respectively). However, at the end of follow-up, six patients were alive in the insured group vs. zero in the underinsured group.

Conclusions

In this small, exploratory study, there was no statistical difference in OS between insured and underinsured patients after CRS-HIPEC. However, long-term survivors were observed only in the insured group.
Determination of natural radioactivity levels and gamma radiation attenuation coefficients in propolis samples and the study of its antioxidant properties
Authors: Dizman Serdar , Yildiz Oktay , Boyraci Gülsüm Merve , Kolayli Sevgi
Published: August 2020

Thanks to its rich content, propolis has been used to protect the hive from all kinds of external influences and for disinfection by bees. Furthermore, it is an important marker for monitoring environmental pollution because the main sources of propolis are plant and secretions. So, the present study aimed to research radiation attenuation capability and the natural radioactivity level of propolis samples. For this reason, both natural radioactivity concentrations (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) and attenuation coefficients (Linear and Mass) in the propolis samples collected from 10 different points in Turkey were measured using high purity germanium detector (HPGe). The average natural radioactivity concentrations in samples were found to be 0.56 ± 0.19, 2.65 ± 0.31 and 70.08 ± 2.42 Bq/kg for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. These values were much lower than the average world values (35 Bq/kg for 226Ra, 30 Bq/kg for 232Th and 400 Bq/kg for 40K) reported by United Nations Scientific Committee on Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) in foodstuff. The average linear attenuation coefficient, mass attenuation coefficients and half value layer values for gamma rays with 59.54 keV energy were determined as 0.1970 cm−1, 0.1831 cm2 g−1 and 3.56 cm, respectively. In addition, antioxidant properties of the samples were measured using total phenolic content and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Their correlations with radioactivity were investigated.
Biocompatible materials of pulsatile and rotary blood pumps: A brief review
Authors: Ahmed Azzam , Wang Xianghui , Yang Ming
Published: August 2020

The biomedical materials that have been used in the structure of heart pumps are classified as biocompatible, and these can be metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites. Their positions in the pump vary according to the part’s function. Whereas various materials have different properties, all biomaterials chosen for cardiovascular applications should have excellent blood biocompatibility to reduce the likelihood of hemolysis and thrombosis. There are two major categories of the heart pumps; pulsatile and rotary blood pumps (axial and centrifugal) and the features of some of these materials allow them to be used in both. Rotary and pulsatile blood pump devices have to be fabricated from materials that do not result in adverse biological responses. The purpose of this review is to study the available biocompatible materials for the pulsatile and rotary blood pumps as clinically-approved materials and prototype heart pump materials. The current state of bio-compatible materials of rotary and pulsatile blood pump construction is presented. Some recent applications of surface amendment technology on the materials for heart assist devices were also reviewed for better understanding. The limitations of heart assist devices, and the future direction of artificial heart elements have been considered. This review will be considered as a comprehensive reference to rapidly understanding the necessary research in the field of biocompatible materials of pulsatile and blood rotary pumps.
Neurophysiologic implications of neuronal nitric oxide synthase
Authors: Kourosh-Arami Masoumeh , Hosseini Nasrin , Mohsenzadegan Monireh , Komaki Alireza , Joghataei Mohammad Taghi
Published: August 2020

The molecular and chemical properties of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) have made it a key mediator in many physiological functions and signaling transduction. The NOS monomer is inactive, but the dimer form is active. There are three forms of NOS, which are neuronal (nNOS), inducible (iNOS), and endothelial (eNOS) nitric oxide synthase. nNOS regulates nitric oxide (NO) synthesis which is the mechanism used mostly by neurons to produce NO. nNOS expression and activation is regulated by some important signaling proteins, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB), calmodulin (CaM), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90)/HSP70. nNOS-derived NO has been implicated in modulating many physiological functions, such as synaptic plasticity, learning, memory, neurogenesis, etc. In this review, we have summarized recent studies that have characterized structural features, subcellular localization, and factors that regulate nNOS function. Finally, we have discussed the role of nNOS in the developing brain under a wide range of physiological conditions, especially long-term potentiation and depression.
A bigger brain for a more complex environment
Authors: di Porzio Umberto
Published: August 2020

The environment increased complexity required more neural functions to develop in the hominin brains, and the hominins adapted to the complexity by developing a bigger brain with a greater interconnection between its parts. Thus, complex environments drove the growth of the brain. In about two million years during hominin evolution, the brain increased three folds in size, one of the largest and most complex amongst mammals, relative to body size. The size increase has led to anatomical reorganization and complex neuronal interactions in a relatively small skull. At birth, the human brain is only about 20% of its adult size. That facilitates the passage through the birth canal. Therefore, the human brain, especially cortex, develops postnatally in a rich stimulating environment with continuous brain wiring and rewiring and insertion of billions of new neurons. One of the consequence is that in the newborn brain, neuroplasticity is always turned “on” and it remains active throughout life, which gave humans the ability to adapt to complex and often hostile environments, integrate external experiences, solve problems, elaborate abstract ideas and innovative technologies, store a lot of information. Besides, hominins acquired unique abilities as music, language, and intense social cooperation. Overwhelming ecological, social, and cultural challenges have made the human brain so unique. From these events, as well as the molecular genetic changes that took place in those million years, under the pressure of natural selection, derive the distinctive cognitive abilities that have led us to complex social organizations and made our species successful.
Iterative solution methods for elliptic boundary value problems
Authors: Kobelkov Georgy M.
Published: August 2020

For elliptic boundary value problems (the diffusion equation and elasticity theory ones) with highly varying coefficients, there are proposed iterative methods with the number of iterations independent of the coefficient jumps. In the differential case these methods take solving the boundary value problem for the Poisson equation at each step of iterations while in the finite difference (finite element) approximation it is possible to use another operator as a preconditioner.
Payment System Self-Regulation through Fee Caps
Authors: Griem Fabian
Published: August 2020

This paper considers the organization of a single (domestic) payment system. When card issuers that are members of a payment system set their fees individually, this gives rise to a free-riding problem, as in providing access to different customers, card issuers are complements from the perspective of each merchant. When payment systems can threaten to exclude, in particular, card issuers with a smaller customer base that do not adhere to a common cap on fees, this allows to restore the full internalization outcome, leading to lower fees but higher profits and higher welfare. When payment systems cannot threaten to exclude card issuers, the full internalization outcome arises only when card issuers are sufficiently symmetric.
Pain acceptance and its impact on function and symptoms in fibromyalgia
Authors: Tangen Synne Flatlandsmo , Helvik Anne-Sofie , Eide Hilde , Fors Egil A.
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Fibromyalgia is a chronic widespread pain (CWP) syndrome of unknown etiology with substantial burden of illness and functional impairment. Pain acceptance has emerged as an interesting target of therapy in chronic pain populations, but few studies have yet been done on the effect of pain acceptance on patients with fibromyalgia. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between pain acceptance and its impact on function and symptoms in fibromyalgia with both a cross-sectional and longitudinal design.

Methods

Three hundred and sixty five participants aged 22–70 with fibromyalgia were recruited from the Norwegian Fibromyalgia Association (NFA). They filled out a questionnaire containing the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), measurement of function and symptoms, and Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ), measurement of pain acceptance, in addition to sociodemographic and clinical variables such as degree of fibromyalgia, depression and pain duration (T1 measures). One year after, 87 of the participants filled out the FIQ and clinical measures once again (T2 measures). Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression analyses were performed both for cross-sectional measures at T1 and for longitudinal measures from T1 to T2, with FIQ score as the outcome variable and CPAQ score at T1 as one of the main independent variables.

Results

Higher CPAQ score was significantly associated with a lower FIQ score at T1, also when adjusting for age, education, work, depression and Fibromyalgianess Score (p<0.01). Lower FIQ score indicate less impact of fibromyalgia on functioning. In addition, two adjusted linear regression models found higher pain acceptance (CPAQ score) at T1 to be associated with lower negative impact of fibromyalgia on function and symptoms (FIQ score) at T2 (p<0.01).

Conclusions

Higher pain acceptance is associated with better functional level and less symptoms in fibromyalgia, both cross-sectionally and when measurements are separated in time. Further research should include experimental studies with acceptance-based interventions for this patient group.
Exchange rates in India: current account monetarism in a nonlinear context
Authors: Chaubal Aditi
Published: August 2020

The Indian exchange rate system has evolved from a pegged system to the current managed float. The study examines the presence of a long-run equilibrium in the monthly Indian exchange rate (Rs/USD) using a current account monetary model (or flexible price monetary model) while accounting for different nonlinearities over the period January 1993 to January 2014 (pre-inflation targeting period). The nonlinear adjustment to disequilibria is modelled using a nonlinear error correction model (NLECM). The nonlinear current account monetarism (CAM) model includes nonlinear transformations of long-run dynamics in the ECM to account for different nonlinearities: multiple equilibria (cubic polynomial function), nonlinear mean reversion (rational polynomial function), and smooth and gradual regime switches (exponential smooth transition autoregressive (ESTAR) function). The NLECM-ESTAR model outperforms other alternatives based on model and forecast performance measures, implying the existence of nonlinear mean reversion and smooth transition across different periods of overvaluation and undervaluation of the exchange rate. This implies the presence of asymmetric adjustment to the movements from the long-run equilibrium, but the nature of such transitions is smooth and not abrupt. The paper also establishes the uniqueness of the long-run equilibrium. A comparison to the sticky price monetary model could not be made due to stationary exchange rate disequilibrium.
The Mother Teresa Society. Volunteer Work for the Kosovo‑Albanian ‘Parallel Structures’ in the 1990s
Authors: Nietsch Julia
Published: August 2020

Building on the example of Kosovo, the author explores the fluctuating boundaries between voluntary associations and the political realm. She is inspired by recent scholarship on voluntary associations in Southeastern Europe, which highlights the political aspects of associational volunteering. After the mass dismissals of Kosovo-Albanians in the health sector during the 1990s, the Mother Teresa Society, one of the largest Kosovar associations at the time, set up alternative healthcare centres throughout Kosovo, relying on the involvement of reportedly more than 7,000 volunteers. However, the Society and its volunteers did not merely fill the gap in medical care, but also participated in political decision-making through their close relationship with actors in the Kosovo-Albanian ‘parallel structures’.
Will the World’s Glass after the Coronavirus Pandemic Be Half-Empty or Half-Full?
Authors: Stojanović Dubravka
Published: August 2020

The author comments on the political and economic options in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic that started at the beginning of 2020. She revisits responses to the crises of the First World War, the Great Crash of 1929, and the Second World War, sorting them into ‘pessimistic’ and ‘optimistic’ responses, and outlining their respective consequences.
Interpreting real and fictional worlds in interaction: A socio-cognitive approach to reading group talk
Authors: Whiteley Sara , Peplow David
Published: August 2020

This paper analyses how representations of real life and fictional worlds are combined and differentiated in the talk produced in literary reading groups. We adopt a socio-cognitive approach to reading group interaction, which combines discourse analysis and Text World Theory to examine the social and cognitive processes enacted in examples of such talk. Text World Theory is a cognitive linguistic discourse analysis framework which examines the mental spaces (“worlds”) cued by language-in-use and the ontological relations between those worlds. This combined framework is applied to four extracts of reading group talk and facilitates the discussion of the structural, referential and representational aspects of the interaction. Our analysis considers the insights which reading group talk provides into the complex relationships between text and talk. We argue that ontological shifting in reading group talk performs various functions, such as claiming expertise, doing humour and play, and mitigating face-threatening disagreement. Talking about texts allows people these options for shifting between representations of real life and fictional worlds and this may go some way towards accounting for the popularity of such groups in contemporary culture.
Co-constructing a child as disorderly: Moral character work in narrative accounts of upsetting experiences
Authors: Evaldsson Ann-Carita , Bowden Helen Melander
Published: August 2020

This study explores how displays of strong emotions in narrative accounts of emotional experiences provide a context for invoking moral accountabilities, including the shaping of the teller’s character. We use a dialogical approach (i.e., ethnomethodology, linguistic anthropology) to emotions to explore how affective stances are performed, responded to and accounted for in episodes of narrative accounts. The analysis is based on a case study that centers on how a child’s walkout from a peer dispute is managed retrospectively in narrative constructions in teacher-child interaction. It is found that the targeted child uses heightened affect displays (crying, sobbing, and prosodic marking), to amplify feelings of distress and stance claims (incorporating reported speech and extreme case formulations) of being badly treated. The heightened stance claims work to justify an oppositional moral stance towards the reported events while projecting accountability to others. The child’s escalated resistance provides a ground for the teacher’s negative uptakes (negative person ascriptions, counter narratives, and third-party reports). The findings shed light on how narrative renderings of upsetting experiences easily become indexical of the teller’s moral character and adds to dispositional features of being over-reactive and disorderly, in ways that undermine a child’s social position.
Gap solitons supported by an optical lattice in biased photorefractive crystals having both the linear and quadratic electro-optic effect
Authors: Katti Aavishkar , Katti Chittaranjan P.
Published: August 2020

We investigate the existence and stability of gap solitons supported by an optical lattice in biased photorefractive (PR) crystals having both the linear and quadratic electro-optic effect. Such PR crystals have an interesting interplay between the linear and quadratic nonlinearities. Gap solitons are predicted for the first time in such novel PR media. Taking a relevant example (PMN-0.33PT), we find that the gap solitons in the first finite bandgap are single humped, positive and symmetric solitons while those in the second finite band gap are antisymmetric and double humped. The power of the gap soliton depends upon the value of the axial propagation constant. We delineate three power regimes and study the gap soliton profiles in each region. The gap solitons in the first finite band gap are not linearly stable while those in the second finite band gap are found to be stable against small perturbations. We study their stability properties in detail throughout the finite band gaps. The interplay between the linear and quadratic electro-optic effect is studied by investigating the spatial profiles and stability of the gap solitons for different ratios of the linear and quadratic nonlinear coefficients.
Initial-boundary value problems for the one-dimensional linear advection–dispersion equation with decay
Authors: Hwang Guenbo
Published: August 2020

Initial-boundary value problems for the one-dimensional linear advection–dispersion equation with decay (LAD) are studied by utilizing a unified method, known as the Fokas method. The method takes advantage of the spectral analysis of both parts of Lax pair and the global algebraic relation coupling all initial and boundary values. We present the explicit analytical solution of the LAD equation posed on the half line and a finite interval with general initial and boundary conditions. In addition, for the case of periodic boundary conditions, we show that the solution of the LAD equation is asymptotically t-periodic for large t if the Dirichlet boundary datum is periodic in t. Furthermore, it can be shown that if the Dirichlet boundary value is asymptotically periodic for large t, then so is the unknown Neumann boundary value, which is uniquely characterized in terms of the given asymptotically periodic Dirichlet boundary datum. The analytical predictions for large t are compared with numerical results showing the excellent agreement.
Systematic calculations of energy levels and transitions rates in Mo XXVIII
Authors: Hu Feng , Sun Yan , Mei Maofei
Published: August 2020

Complete and consistent atomic data, including excitation energies, lifetimes, wavelengths, hyperfine structures, Landé g

J
-factors and E1, E2, M1, and M2 line strengths, oscillator strengths, transitions rates are reported for the low-lying 41 levels of Mo XXVIII, belonging to the n = 3 states (1s
22s
22p
6)3s
23p
3, 3s3p
4, and 3s
23p
23d. High-accuracy calculations have been performed as benchmarks in the request for accurate treatments of relativity, electron correlation, and quantum electrodynamic (QED) effects in multi-valence-electron systems. Comparisons are made between the present two data sets, as well as with the experimental results and the experimentally compiled energy values of the National Institute for Standards and Technology wherever available. The calculated values including core-valence correction are found to be in a good agreement with other theoretical and experimental values. The present results are accurate enough for identification and deblending of emission lines involving the n = 3 levels, and are also useful for modeling and diagnosing plasmas.
Untersuchungen zur Polymorphie der Cäsium-Dodekahalogeno-closo-Dodekaborate Cs2[B12
X
12] (X = Cl–I)
Authors: Tiritiris Ioannis , Bareiß Kevin U. , Schleid Thomas
Published: August 2020

Thermoanalytic DSC and temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction investigations on the cesium dodecahalogeno-closo-dodecaborates Cs2[B12
X
12] (X = Cl–I) have revealed solid-solid phase transitions from their trigonal room-temperature α-forms (e.g. α-Cs2[B12Cl12]: a = 959.67(3) pm, c = 4564.2(2) pm, Z = 6, space group R

3
¯

$\overline{3}$

) into cubic high-temperature modifications. The isotypic title compounds crystallize in the space group Pm

3
¯

$\overline{3}$

n (e.g. β-Cs2[B12Cl12]: a = 1051.98(6) pm, Z = 2) with a W3O-type defect structure. The statistic occupation of six possible positions with only four Cs+ cations results in a cation-deficient A
2
B arrangement for Cs2[B12
X
12]. Upon cooling the β-phase, a third polymorph was observed, which also crystallizes in the cubic system, but now in the space group Ia

3
¯

$\overline{3}$

d (e.g. γ-Cs2[B12Cl12]: a = 2102.2(3) pm, Z = 16), and has to be regarded as a phase with only a partially disordered cation substructure. In this crystal structure the [B12
X
12]2− anions exhibit a NaTl-type arrangement, in which the Cs+ cations occupy suitable interstices. The phase transitions of the differently halogenated cesium salts follow no specific trend as the transition from the trigonal α- to the cubic β-form occurs at 178 °C for the chlorinated, at 270 °C for the iodinated and at 325 °C for the brominated examples. On further heating however, β-Cs2[B12I12] starts to decompose at 945 °C first, followed by β-Cs2[B12Br12] and β-Cs2[B12Cl12] at 959 °C and 983 °C, respectively.
Performance Study of Carbon Dioxide–Based Vortex Tube Cooling System in Turning of Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Mahapatro Khirod , Pasam Vamsi Krishna
Published: August 2020

A new cooling approach using a vortex tube and carbon dioxide (CO2) gas has been proposed in this work. This approach is developed to minimize the cutting temperature during the machining of titanium alloy. The cutting force, surface roughness, and cutting temperature are measured by varying input flow parameters such as pressure, cold fraction, and temperature of CO2 gas. This approach is observed to be better compared with dry cutting in reducing the cutting temperature and surface roughness. It is also observed that the cutting temperature and surface roughness are reduced with an increase in CO2 gas pressure and cold fraction and a decrease in CO2 temperature. Cutting force increased with a rise in the pressure and cold fraction and with a decrease in the temperature of CO2 gas. The response surface methodology is used to predict and optimize the cutting temperature, cutting force, and surface roughness, respectively. The validation of the results is carried out by performing the experiment at optimized input parameters.
Carbon pricing approaches for climate decisions in U.S. higher education: Proxy carbon prices for deep decarbonization
Authors: Barron Alexander R. , Parker Breanna J. , Sayre Susan S. , Weber Shana S. , Weisbord Dano J.
Published: August 2020

Given the slow policy response by governments, climate leadership by other institutions has become an essential part of maintaining policy momentum, driving innovation, and fostering social dialogue. Despite growth in carbon pricing in government and the private sector, our review suggests low, but growing, adoption of internal carbon prices (ICPs) by higher education institutions (HEIs), who may be uniquely suited to implement and refine these tools. We analyze the range of ICP tools in use by eleven U.S. HEIs and discuss tradeoffs. Our analysis identifies several reasons why proxy carbon prices may be especially well-suited to decisions (especially at the system-scale) around carbon neutrality at a wide range of institutions. Using a unique dataset covering 10 years of real-world analysis with a proxy carbon price, we analyze the interaction of ICPs with life cycle cost analysis to start to identify when and how internal carbon pricing will be most likely to shift decisions. We discuss how schools and other institutions can collaborate and experiment with these tools to help drive good climate decision-making and inform climate policy at larger scales.
Killing a Cabby
Authors: Smith Benjamin T.
Published: August 2020

This article looks at civil society in 1950s Mexico. To do so, it examines the popular responses to the murder of a local taxi driver, Juan Cereceres. It argues that both newspapers and civil-society organizations took the murder seriously, interrogated government findings, attempted to discover the real culprits, and sought a degree of justice. In all, the story asks historians to reassess both the extent and the force of civil society under the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI).
Ambientes bohemios
Authors: Cano Gabriela
Published: August 2020

El artículo caracteriza las balmoreadas –fiestas efectuadas en domicilios privados de la ciudad de México entre 1925 y 1931– como espacios de sociabilidad bohemia. Estas fiestas tenían un fin moralizante: exhibir los efectos nocivos de la ambición económica que movía a muchas personas en la sociedad urbana posrevolucionaria. Al mismo tiempo, sin embargo, las veladas servían como espacios privados de diversión, esparcimiento y aceptación de la diversidad sexual, que desafiaban las convenciones del género y la sexualidad en espacios públicos. El artículo se centra en los significados de expresión de esta diversidad sexual que han sido escasamente analizados en la literatura historiográfica anterior.
From Rotary Club to Sowers of Friendship
Authors: Tamayo David
Published: August 2020

This article examines the political activism of conservative civil society in postrevolutionary Mexico through the lens of American service clubs. It focuses on the case of the Rotary Club of Monterrey, which gathered the city's industrial elites and some of the most vocal opponents of the Mexican state, particularly the presidency of Lázaro Cárdenas (1934–40). Monterrey is significant because of its economic and political clout; by the 1930s, it was the powerhouse of heavy industry and in the 1940s a key center of support for the Partido Acción Nacional. After Monterrey Rotarians dissolved their club in 1936, following a disagreement with Rotary International's policy against political involvement, they regrouped and established throughout Mexico the only service club that blended pro-business goals with right-wing hispanidad ideology: the Club Sembradores de Amistad. This story illustrates how conservative civil society in Mexico adopted seemingly contradictory transnational influences (Catholic Hispanist thought and American service clubs) to challenge the postrevolutionary state in a less confrontational way.
The combination of ATA classification and FNA results can improve the diagnostic efficiency of malignant thyroid nodules
Authors: Wang Zhenzhen , Zhu Xiangying , Yu Xiaohui , Guan Haixia , Zhao Lei , Zhang Yixia , Li Yuge , Sang Liang , Han Yuchen , Li Yushu , Shan Zhongyan , Teng Weiping
Published: August 2020

Purpose:

To determine the diagnostic efficiency of the ATA classification and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) results in identifying the risk factors of malignancy, we analyzed the thyroid nodules of patients who underwent thyroidectomy and compared preoperative ATA classifications with FNA results.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed 274 nodules of 196 patients who underwent ultrasonography, FNA and thyroidectomy. Histopathological findings of thyroid nodules were considered as the Au standard in the analysis of the diagnostic efficiency of the ATA classification and FNA results. Univariate analysis and binary multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied to identify the ultrasound features associated with malignancy.

Results:

The overall malignancy rate of 274 nodules was 41.6%. The areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) for the ATA classification and FNA results were 0.88 and 0.878, respectively (P < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of the ATA classification were 86 and 86.9%, whereas those of FNA results were 68.5 and 91.4%, respectively. The specificity (98.7%) and sensitivity (94.3%) increased after the combined use of the ATA classification and FNA results. Taller-than-wide shape, microcalcifications, hypoechogenicity and irregular margins were independent risk factors for malignancy. Microcalcifications had the highest OR (7.58), and taller-than-wide shape had the highest specificity in BSRTC I, II, III and IV cytology.

Conclusion:

The diagnostic efficiency of the ATA classification and FNA results in identifying malignant nodules was high, and the use of both criteria improved the diagnostic accuracy. Taller-than-wide shape, microcalcifications, hypoechogenicity and irregular margins were independent risk factors for malignancy.
Variation Among Biosynthetic Gene Clusters, Secondary Metabolite Profiles, and Cards of Virulence Across Aspergillus Species
Authors: Steenwyk Jacob L , Mead Matthew E , Knowles Sonja L , Raja Huzefa A , Roberts Christopher D , Bader Oliver , Houbraken Jos , Goldman Gustavo H , Oberlies Nicholas H , Rokas Antonis
Published: August 2020

Aspergillus fumigatus is a major fungal pathogen of humans but its two closest relatives, Aspergillus fischeri and Aspergillus oerlinghausenensis, are not. Steenwyk et al. examined whether.....
«КОРОНА-ТЕСТ» ФІНАНСОВОЇ СИСТЕМИ УКРАЇНИ: ЗОВНІШНІ ЗАГРОЗИ
Authors: ШАРОВ Олександр
Published: August 2020

Після світової фінансової кризи 2008––2009 рр. експерти практично кожного року чекали на нову кризу, причому особливе занепокоєння викликав саме 2020 р. Карантинні заходи, вжиті заради протистояння пандемії коронавірусу, помітно погіршили умови функціонування фінансових інститутів і створили додаткове навантаження. Таким чином, вони відіграли роль своєрідного «корона-тесту», який дозволив перевірити стійкість фінансової системи. Це стосується як світової фінансової системи, так і фінансової системи кожної окремої країни, в тому числі й України.Щодо зовнішніх загроз для стійкості фінансової системи України, то вони, головним чином, стосуються двох аспектів –– рівня зовнішньої державної заборгованості та курсової волатильності національної валюти.Економічна наука не має однозначної відповіді на питання критичного рівня зовнішньої заборгованості, який фактично визначається ефективністю використання зовнішніх запозичень і можливістю їх обслуговування. Ситуація, яка склалася в Україні, вимагає від влади чіткого її розуміння та здійснення вибору подальшої стратегії: продовження обслуговування зовнішнього боргу на існуючих умовах, оголошення дефолту або нової реструктуризації. Кожен з варіантів створює певні ризики для стабільності фінансової системи України, які повинні бути заздалегідь ураховані.Валютно-курсова стабільність також безпосередньо пов’язана із станом зовнішньої заборгованості, який впливає на попит і пропозицію на валютному ринку країни. У таких умовах відмова Національного банку України від курсової політики (політики вільно плаваючого курсу), по суті, створює проблему безвідповідальності НБУ за курсову політику. І хоча можна констатувати, що українська фінансова система поки що витримала «корона-тест» і виявилася більш стійкою, ніж очікували деякі експерти, у разі погіршення ситуації, зумовленого наслідками карантину, фінансова криза в Україні може стати реальністю.
ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ЗАСАДИ БЕЗПЕКИ СПОЖИВАННЯ В КОНТЕКСТІ ІНКЛЮЗИВНОЇ МОДЕЛІ РЕГІОНАЛЬНОГО РОЗВИТКУ
Authors: МОКІЙ Анатолій , АНТОНЮК Катерина , АНТОНЮК Дмитро
Published: August 2020

На основі дослідження системних та процесних характеристик і структурної будови категорії «безпека споживання» запропоновано розглядати її як спроможність держави, підприємництва, суспільства створювати умови усвідомленого задоволення індивідуумом (людиною) потреб самовідтворення із забезпеченням здоров’я, збереженням навколишнього середовищаі розвитком суспільства в теперішньому та майбутніх періодах. Встановлено методологічні відмінності трактування цієї категорії для товарів або послуг, засновані на отриманих вигодах для споживачів у їхніх функціональних, раціональних, емоціональних характеристиках. Доведено, що забезпечення безпеки споживання потребує використання поведінкового підходу і врахування впливу на навколишнє середовище на всіх етапах споживання (виробництва, безпосередньо споживання, утилізації продукції). З позиції процесного підходу ідентифіковано об’єкти, суб’єкти безпеки споживання, побудовано суб’єктно-об’єктну інклюзивну модель системи безпеки споживання; запропоновано типологізацію безпеки споживання; встановлено особливості загроз і стратегії забезпечення безпеки споживання; виявлено дуалістичний суб’єктно-об’єктний характер безпеки споживання. Показано, що безпека споживання є складною багатооб’єктною та суб’єктною системою, забезпечення дії якої ускладнюється впливом різного виду загроз, а також динамічністю як самого процесу, так і його складників. Розуміючи безпеку споживання не як наслідок, а як складний структурний процес, запропоновано досліджувати його на основі діаграм циклічної причинності з побудовою балансувальних і посилювальних контурів для дійсного і бажаного рівнів споживання, виробництва та продажу, впливу на навколишнє середовище. Обґрунтовані теоретичні й методологічні засади дослідження безпеки споживання доцільно використовувати для динамічного моделювання причинно-наслідкових зв’язків між об’єктами системи безпеки споживання, визначення відповідних критеріїв та чинників прийняття рішень, їх особливостей для різних галузей і секторів економіки регіонів України.