bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and evaluation of a robot telemedicine system for initial medical examination with UK and Thai doctors
Authors: Chirapornchai Chatchai , Bremner Paul , Giuliani Manuel , Niyi-Odumosu Faatihah
Published: December 2024

This study presents the evaluation of a robot telemedicine system used for initial diagnosis of patient with UK and Thai doctors. In a prior study, a set of user requirements for a robot telemedicine system were outlined based on a focus group with medical professionals and an online survey with the public. Based on these recommendations we have developed a robot telemedicine system that consists of a telepresence interface with examination functionality for doctors to control a robot that is present with patients. The system is designed for initial diagnosis of medical conditions, and Bell’s palsy diagnosis is chosen as an example use case. This paper presents the design and usability evaluation of this robot telemedicine system. The usability study was conducted using a thinking-aloud protocol, and a semi-structured interview was conducted after using the system. Study results were analysed using framework analysis. Additionally, participants were asked to give subjective ratings of the system. The study was conducted cross-culturally with doctors from the UK and Thailand, allowing us to gain a deeper understanding of system usability with groups that differ in their medical practice and user needs. Study participants rated the system with 72.19 points on the System Usability Scale, which indicates acceptable usability when interpreted semantically. The system also received a presence score of 0.691, normalized between 0 (least) and 1 (highest). Based on the framework analysis the prior set of user requirements has been refined and developed into a set of design recommendations for use in the development of future robot telemedicine systems. Additionally, study results indicate differences in medical practice between UK and Thai doctors which could be relevant to adjust the robot telemedicine system to local users.
Multidimensionale Herausforderungen und Strategien der Leistungsbewertung im Sportunterricht: eine qualitative Analyse
Authors: Schittkowski Bastian , Woll Alexander , Wagner Ingo
Published: December 2024

Die vorliegende Interviewstudie untersucht die Herausforderungen und Strategien der Leistungsbewertung im Sportunterricht. Hauptaugenmerk liegt auf den spezifischen Herausforderungen des kompetenzorientierten Unterrichts und den Methoden zur Fehlervermeidung. Insgesamt 17 Sportlehrpersonen aus Baden-Württemberg wurden hierzu interviewt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Lehrpersonen eine Vielzahl von Strategien anwenden, um Transparenz zu schaffen und Bewertungsfehler zu minimieren. Dazu gehören die Verwendung von Bewertungstabellen, die Einbindung der Schüler:innen in die Kriterienentwicklung und die systematische Planung der Bewertung über das Schuljahr hinweg. Auf Basis der Studienergebnisse werden die vielfältigen Bewertungsdimensionen und Normenorientierungen diskutiert, die im Sportunterricht zur Anwendung kommen sowie praktische Ansätze zur Verbesserung der Bewertungspraxis deduziert.
A cancellation theorem for metacyclic group rings
Authors: Johnson F. E. A.
Published: December 2024

A ring $$\Lambda $$
Λ
has stably free cancellation when every stably free $$\Lambda $$
Λ
-module is free. Let $$ G \; = \; C_p \rtimes C_q $$

G

=

C
p

⋊

C
q

be a finite metacyclic group where p is an odd prime and q is a positive integral divisor of $$p-1$$

p
-
1

. We show that the group ring $$\mathcal{R}[G]$$

R
[
G
]

has stably free cancellation when $$\;\mathcal{R} \; = \; {\mathbb {Z}}[t_1, t_1^{-1}, \dots t_m, t_m^{-1}, x_1, \dots x_n] \;$$

R

=

Z
[

t
1

,

t
1

-
1

,
⋯

t
m

,

t
m

-
1

,

x
1

,
⋯

x
n

]

is a ring of mixed polynomials and Laurent polynomials over the integers. As a consequence, when $$C_\infty ^{(m)}$$

C
∞

(
m
)

is the free abelian group of rank m then the integral group ring $${\mathbb {Z}}[G(p,q) \times C_\infty ^{(m)}]\; $$

Z
[
G

(
p
,
q
)

×

C
∞

(
m
)

]

has stably free cancellation.
Heart and lung point-of-care ultrasonography tutoring in internal medicine: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Leidi Antonio , Krauer Juliette , Soret Guillaume , Parent Thibault , Marti Christophe , Meyer Philippe , Juillerat André , Bex Stijn , Suh Noémie , Rouyer Frédéric , Siegenthaler Nils , Grosgurin Olivier
Published: December 2024

Purpose

In recent years, point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) has been integrated into internal medicine practice with most curricula composed of a single course. Despite competency acquisition during the course, a significant decline in proficiency occurs in the subsequent weeks due to a lack of regular practice and training. This study aims to evaluate the impact of a structured POCUS tutoring, on POCUS use and skills retention at 6 months.

Methods

In this randomized controlled trial, internal medicine residents were enrolled after completing a practical course focused on heart and lung ultrasonography. Residents assigned to the intervention group were paired with a tutor, and time slots were scheduled for bedside direct supervision over the following 6 months. The primary outcome was the proportion of residents who successfully completed at least 25 POCUS examinations six months after inclusion. Secondary outcomes included self- and blinded-expert-assessed POCUS competency skills.

Results

Between January and May 2022, 23 residents were included in the study. The intervention significantly increased the proportion of participants reaching the primary outcome (70% versus 0%; p < 0.001) with a median of 27 (interquartile range, IQR, 6 to 44) supervised examinations performed versus 0 (IQR 0 to 0) in intervention and control arm respectively; p < 0.001. After 6 months, proficiency was higher for most heart imaging but not for lung imaging, as assessed through self-assessment by participants or independently by blinded experts.

Conclusion

Structured POCUS supervision significantly enhances the number of POCUS examinations and proficiency at 6-months, particularly in applications requiring greater visuospatial skills.
Impact of Chinese visceral adiposity index on all-cause mortality risk in community-dwelling older adults: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Yuyu , Shi Mingyue , Dong Zhao , Li Tingting , Gong Yangfan , Ge Wei
Published: December 2024

Backgrounds

Whether excess visceral fat tissue increases the risk of death in older individuals remains controversial.

Aims

To investigate the association between the Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index (CVAI) and all-cause mortality risk in older Chinese individuals.

Methods

This cohort study utilized data of individuals aged ≥ 65 years in 2014 to 2018 wave from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey database. Older individuals in the 2014 wave were included and followed up in 2018. CVAI was calculated based on age, body size, and blood lipid parameters, with higher values indicating increased visceral fat. Survival status was determined from official death certificates, local primary healthcare providers, or the family members of participants. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and log-rank test were employed to analyze cumulative mortality risk through CVAI tertiles (tertile 1: CVAI index < 97.34; tertile 2: 97.43 ≤ CVAI index < 132.21; and tertile 3: CVAI index ≥ 132.21). A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the relationship between the CVAI groups and all-cause mortality risk. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding participants who died within the first year of follow-up. A subgroup analysis was performed based on age and sex, and a restricted cubic spline plot was created to analyze the dose-response relationship between CVAI and mortality risk.

Results

A total of 1414 individuals were included, and the mean age of the participants was 84.6 (standard deviation: 10.9) years, of which 46.4% were women and 32.8% were died during a median follow-up time of 36.4 months. In the multivariable adjusted Cox regression model, we observed a significantly lower risk of mortality in the CVAI tertile 2 and 3 groups than in the tertile 1 group. The hazard ratios (HR) of the tertile 2 and 3 groups were 0.68 (95% CI, approximately 0.52–0.89) and 0.63 (95% CI, approximately 0.48–0.82), respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that the protective effect of higher CVAI levels on mortality was more pronounced in participants aged 65–79 years and in women.

Conclusion

Our study established a linear relationship between CVAI and mortality risk among community-dwelling older adults, with higher CVAI levels associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality. These findings highlight the potential importance of visceral adiposity in predicting mortality risk in community-dwelling older adults.
Authoritarianism and Democratic Education: A Paper for Martin Thrupp
Authors: Lauder Hugh
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the contribution that Martin Thrupp made to educational policy and teachers' practice in the light of the present threat to democracy presented by the authoritarian right. Martin's work on school composition is extended to an analysis of the prospects and practice for a education for democratic citizenship. It focuses on the challenge to an education for democratic citizenship at the level of pedagogy, the individual school and the wider context of the threat posed to democracy by the authoritarian right and those from more mainstream parties that adopt elements of its programme. It argues that teaching the history of fascism and colonialism are key to such an education and that in contrast to shallow pedagogies (Balarin and Rodriguez in Global Soc Chall J 3:49, 2024) pedagogy should engage students in controversial issues. It reports on key examples of the ways that this can be undertaken in the work of Kidman and O’Malley in Memory Stud 13(4):537–550, (2018), Kidman and O’Malley in Fragments from a contested past: Remembrance, Denial and New Zealand history BWB texts, (2022) and MacDonald and Kidman in Critical Studies in Education 63(1):31–46, (2021). It concludes with some of the principles necessary for an education for democratic citizenship.
‘I hope you love it’: poetry, protest and posthumous publishing with and for Palestinian colleagues in Gaza during scholasticide
Authors: Phipps Alison
Published: December 2024

After 15 years of daily work with colleagues in Gaza on education for peace, multilingual education and life long learning the scholasticide and plausible risk of genocide in the Gaza Strip under Israeli aggression has changed how research and teaching can be undertaken. This short Point and Counterpoint contribution offers the statements and obituaries written by the UNESCO Chair at the University of Glasgow through the first year of the ongoing plausible genocide, under the protections of the language of international instruments, international humanitarian law. It proceeds using poetry and cries and clarifying statements which punctuate the silence which has been the dominating characteristic of the higher education institutions, with some rare exceptions, during a period of extreme violence against scholars, teachers, researchers and students.
Design and characterization of natural fiber reinforced cotton-epoxy composites
Authors: Shetty Sawan , Salins Sampath Suranjan , Sachidananda H. K.
Published: December 2024

This research paper focuses on the design and fabrication of natural cotton epoxy composites. By combining natural cotton fibers with epoxy resin, the study aims to develop composite materials with desirable mechanical properties. To evaluate their performance, the composites were subjected to three-point bending tests, which revealed an average flexural strength of 50 MPa and a flexural modulus of 3.8 GPa, highlighting the material’s capacity to bear bending loads. The bending tests provided insights into the composite’s response to flexural loads, including its strength, stiffness, and failure mechanisms. Post-test analysis using an optical microscope revealed that the primary failure modes included delamination and fiber breakage. Delamination, characterized by the separation of layers within the composite, and fiber breakage, caused by the fibers’ inability to withstand stress exceeding their tensile strength of approximately 300 MPa, led to crack propagation through the material. These findings indicate that the composite's failure was primarily driven by these mechanisms. This study provides valuable insights into improving the composite's design and enhancing its mechanical properties, contributing to the broader understanding of natural fiber-reinforced composites and their behavior under mechanical stress.
Discounted optimal stopping zero-sum games in diffusion type models with maxima and minima
Authors: Gapeev Pavel V.
Published: December 2024

We present a closed-form solution to a discounted optimal stopping zero-sum game in a model based on a generalised geometric Brownian motion with coefficients depending on its running maximum and minimum processes. The optimal stopping times forming a Nash equilibrium are shown to be the first times at which the original process hits certain boundaries depending on the running values of the associated maximum and minimum processes. The proof is based on the reduction of the original game to the equivalent coupled free-boundary problem and the solution of the latter problem by means of the smooth-fit and normal-reflection conditions. We show that the optimal stopping boundaries are partially determined as either unique solutions to the appropriate system of arithmetic equations or unique solutions to the appropriate first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The results obtained are related to the valuation of the perpetual lookback game options with floating strikes in the appropriate diffusion-type extension of the Black–Merton–Scholes model.
Sociodemographic differences in treatment of acute respiratory infections in pediatric urgent cares
Authors: El Feghaly Rana E. , Sainz Luis E. , Lee Brian R. , Kronman Matthew P. , Hersh Adam L. , Parente Victoria , Bizune Destani , Sanchez Guillermo V. , Hamdy Rana F. , Nedved Amanda ,   For REDUCE (Reducing Differences in Urgent Care Encounters – Antibiotic Choice) Collaborative
Published: December 2024

Objective:

To determine whether differences exist in antibiotic prescribing for respiratory infections in pediatric urgent cares (PUCs) by patient race/ethnicity, insurance, and language.

Design:

Multi-center cohort study.

Setting:

Nine organizations (92 locations) from 22 states and Washington, DC.

Participants:

Patients ages 6 months–18 years evaluated April 2022–April 2023, with acute viral respiratory infections, otitis media with effusion (OME), acute otitis media (AOM), pharyngitis, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and sinusitis.

Methods:

We compared the use of first-line (FL) therapy as defined by published guidelines. We used race/ethnicity, insurance, and language as exposures. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated the odds of FL therapy by group.

Results:

We evaluated 396,340 ARI encounters. Among all encounters, 351,930 (88.8%) received FL therapy (98% for viral respiratory infections, 85.4% for AOM, 96.0% for streptococcal pharyngitis, 83.6% for sinusitis). OME and CAP had the lowest rates of FL therapy (49.9% and 60.7%, respectively). Adjusted odds of receiving FL therapy were higher in Black Non-Hispanic (NH) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.53 [1.47, 1.59]), Asian NH (aOR 1.46 [1.40, 1.53], and Hispanic children (aOR 1.37 [1.33, 1.41]), compared to White NH. Additionally, odds of receiving FL therapy were higher in children with Medicaid/Medicare (aOR 1.21 [1.18–1.24]) and self-pay (aOR 1.18 [1.1–1.27]) compared to those with commercial insurance.

Conclusions:

This multicenter collaborative showed lower rates of FL therapy for children of the White NH race and those with commercial insurance compared to other groups. Exploring these differences through a health equity lens is important for developing mitigating strategies.
Application and development of invertebrate indices for water quality assessment in Indonesian streams
Authors: Prakoso Satrio Budi , Miyake Yo , Ueda Wataru , Suryatmojo Hatma
Published: December 2024

The invertebrate indices for assessing water quality have not been widely developed in tropical regions where invertebrate diversity is generally high and severe water quality degradation is ongoing. We compared the applicability of six existing invertebrate indices using the dataset from 23 Indonesian streams and developed a new index by modifying an existing one using Threshold Indicator Taxa Analysis (TITAN). Analyses using general linear models (GLMs) revealed that among the six existing indices, the biological monitoring working party (BMWP)-based scoring system for Thailand streams (BMWP THAI) exhibited the strongest negative relationship with phosphate (PO4-P) concentration, a proxy for stream water quality. Based on the results of TITAN, five taxa were added to develop a modified invertebrate index, namely BMWP IDN, by assigning taxon scores in accordance with the responses to the water quality gradient. The relationship between the BMWP IDN and PO4-P concentration was found to be stronger than any of the existing invertebrate indices, indicating the superiority of the new index. Therefore, the extraction of uncovered sensitive taxa was important for modifying the existing index, and this study can contribute to improving the invertebrate index for assessing water quality of Indonesian streams.
Seeking Support Online
Authors: Buehler Emily M. , High Andrew C.
Published: December 2024

Abstract: The affordances of online channels can influence communication, and communicators sometimes value affordances differently in different relationships. This study examines how two affordances, anonymity and visibility, combine with relationship closeness to shape how people seek support online. Participants ( N = 171) composed a support-seeking message they imagined sending to various audiences in one of several online channels. Participants and outside observers rated the breadth, depth, and emotional content of the messages. The results suggest relationship closeness was negatively associated with perceived anonymity and perceived visibility. Greater anonymity corresponded with higher observed depth in support-seeking messages and greater visibility corresponded with higher self-reported emotional content. Furthermore, each affordance was positively associated with the observed emotional content of messages at low levels of closeness, and anonymity shared a negative association with the self-reported depth of messages only when visibility was low and closeness was high. Findings suggest that the content of support-seeking messages hinges, in part, on affordances and relationship characteristics.
Spatio‐Temporal Consistency and Variability in Parameter Dominance on Simulated Hydrological Fluxes and State Variables
Authors: Guse B. , Han L. , Kumar R. , Rakovec O. , Luedtke S. , Herzog A. , Thober S. , Samaniego L. , Wagener T.
Published: December 2024

Hydrological parameters are used to tailor simulation models to the specific characteristics of a catchment so that models can accurately represent processes under different catchment conditions. In the case of the mesoscale Hydrological Model (mHM), its parameters are estimated via transfer functions using the Multiscale Parameter Regionalization (MPR) approach. In this study, the spatial and temporal variability in the sensitivity of transfer function parameters (TFP) and their relationships to corresponding simulated processes are investigated to understand how these TFP control simulated hydrological fluxes and state variables. Daily dominant model parameters are identified for 102 German catchments as a study domain with temperate climate using a temporally resolved parameter sensitivity analysis. This approach allows the comparison of spatial and temporal variability of TFP dominance. Three simulated hydrological fluxes and one state variable are used as target variables for the sensitivity analysis: runoff, actual evapotranspiration, soil moisture (SM), and groundwater recharge. The analysis leads to consistent and plausible patterns of parameter dominance in space. An evapotranspiration parameter dominates actual evapotranspiration and SM. Runoff and recharge are mainly controlled by soil texture, subsurface, and percolation parameters. The relevance of spatial versus temporal variability varies among model parameters and target variables. In some cases, parameter sensitivities are related to the magnitude of corresponding processes. Low spatial and temporal variability of dominant parameters is explained by MPR. In light of these results, a joint spatio‐temporal analysis is recommended to better understand how model parameters drive simulated states and fluxes in hydrological models to improve process accuracy.
Dual Role of Aerosols on Reactive Bromine Recycling in Extrapolar Marine and Continental Regions
Authors: Zhang Yingnan , Chen Xiaorui , Wang Tao , Li Qinyi , Xia Men , Li Mingxue , Mu Jiangshan , Shen Hengqing , Herrmann Hartmut , Xue Likun
Published: December 2024

Reactive bromine species play important roles in atmospheric chemistry and influence the abundance of climate‐ and air quality‐relevant trace gases. While extensive studies have focused on bromine chemistry in polar regions, the bromine species in extrapolar regions, particularly regarding pollution‐related bromine recycling, have received less attention. In this study, we examine the factors influencing the bromine recycling at a clean marine site of the North Atlantic (Cape Verde, CVAO), a semipolluted coastal site of the South China Sea (Hok Tsui, HT), and a polluted continental site of North China (Wangdu, WD), using an observation‐based model combined with updated halogen chemistry. Our results indicate that aerosol‐related multiphase processes significantly affect bromine recycling in these extrapolar sites. Nitrate photodissociation efficiently recycled bromide into the gas phase in regions characterized by strong aerosol acidity (HT) or high aerosol concentrations (WD). Concurrently, bromine species are lost from the gas phase toward aerosol surfaces, with this process being more effective at higher liquid water content (WD > HT > CVAO). In semipolluted and polluted sites, the aerosol‐related processes resulted in elevated bromine levels in the daytime compared to nighttime, leading to larger effects of bromine species on ozone than previously thought. Our study suggests the need for a better understanding of the complex effects of aerosols on reactive halogen chemistry.
The anticancer effect of metformin targets VDAC1 via ER-mitochondria interactions-mediated autophagy in HCC
Authors: Ko Minjeong , Kim Jiho , Lazim Raudah , Lee Ju Yeon , Kim Jin Young , Gosu Vijayakumar , Lee Yoonji , Choi Sun , Kwon Ho Jeong
Published: December 2024

Metformin (MetF) is used worldwide as a first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes. Recently, interest in the pleiotropic effects of MetF, such as its anticancer and antiaging properties, has increased. However, the molecular target of MetF and the detailed mechanism underlying its ability to inhibit cell growth through autophagy induction remain incompletely understood. In this study, using an innovative label-free drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS)-LC-MS/MS method, we discovered that mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) is a novel binding protein involved in the induction of autophagy-related cell death by high-dose MetF in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Computational alanine scanning mutagenesis revealed that MetF and VDAC1 (D9, E203) interact electrostatically. MetF disrupts the IP3R-GRP75-VDAC1 complex, which plays a key role in stabilizing mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs), by binding to VDAC1. This disruption leads to increased cytosolic calcium levels, thereby contributing to autophagy induction. MetF also decreased the AMP/ATP ratio and activated the AMPK pathway. Cells with genetic knockdown of VDAC1 mimicked the activity of MetF. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the involvement of MetF in ionic interactions with VDAC1, contributing to its anticancer effects in HCC. These findings help elucidate the diverse biological and pharmacological effects of MetF, particularly its influence on autophagy, as well as the potential of MetF as a therapeutic agent for diseases characterized by VDAC1 overexpression.
Unclassifiable short-rib thoracic dysplasia diagnosed using targeted gene panel sequencing
Authors: Nakajima Erika , Yokohama Yuko , Sugiyama Saori , Taketazu Mio , Mitsube Kenrokuro , Yamada Takahiro , Hammarsjö Anna , Grigelioniene Giedre , Nishimura Gen , Makita Yoshio
Published: December 2024

We report a case of a fetus with short-rib thoracic dysplasia (SRTD) with polydactyly that also presented with atypical severe acro-mesomelic ossification defects. Genetic analysis using massively parallel sequencing of a skeletal dysplasia panel revealed compound heterozygous variants in DYNC2H1. This clinical report highlights the challenges associated with diagnosing the diverse phenotypes in the SRTD group and emphasizes the importance of genetic surveillance with a targeted gene panel for accurate diagnosis.
Fast-diffusing receptor collisions with slow-diffusing peptide ligand assemble the ternary parathyroid hormone–GPCR–arrestin complex
Authors: Pacheco Jonathan , Peña Karina A. , Savransky Sofya , Gidon Alexandre , Hammond Gerald R. V. , Janetzko John , Vilardaga Jean-Pierre
Published: December 2024

The assembly of a peptide ligand, its receptor, and β-arrestin (βarr) into a ternary complex within the cell membrane is a crucial aspect of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. We explore this assembly by attaching fluorescent moieties to the parathyroid hormone (PTH) type 1 receptor (PTH1R), using PTH as a prototypical peptide hormone, along with βarr and clathrin, and recording dual-color single-molecule imaging at the plasma membrane of live cells. Here we show that PTH1R exhibits a near-Brownian diffusion, whereas unbound hormone displays limited mobility and slow lateral diffusion at the cell surface. The formation of the PTH–PTH1R–βarr complex occurs in three sequential steps: (1) receptor and ligand collisions, (2) phosphoinositide (PIP3)-dependent recruitment and conformational change of βarr molecules at the plasma membrane, and (3) collision of most βarr molecules with the ligand-bound receptor within clathrin clusters. Our results elucidate the non-random pathway by which PTH–PTH1R–βarr complex is formed and unveil the critical role of PIP3 in regulating GPCR signaling.
Continuous-wave electrically pumped multi-quantum-well laser based on group-IV semiconductors
Authors: Seidel Lukas , Liu Teren , Concepción Omar , Marzban Bahareh , Kiyek Vivien , Spirito Davide , Schwarz Daniel , Benkhelifa Aimen , Schulze Jörg , Ikonic Zoran , Hartmann Jean-Michel , Chelnokov Alexei , Witzens Jeremy , Capellini Giovanni , Oehme Michael , Grützmacher Detlev , Buca Dan
Published: December 2024

Over the last 30 years, group-IV semiconductors have been intensely investigated in the quest for a fundamental direct bandgap semiconductor that could yield the last missing piece of the Si Photonics toolbox: a continuous-wave Si-based laser. Along this path, it has been demonstrated that the electronic band structure of the GeSn/SiGeSn heterostructures can be tuned into a direct bandgap quantum structure providing optical gain for lasing. In this paper, we present a versatile electrically pumped, continuous-wave laser emitting at a near-infrared wavelength of 2.32 µm with a low threshold current of 4 mA. It is based on a 6-periods SiGeSn/GeSn multiple quantum-well heterostructure. Operation of the micro-disk laser at liquid nitrogen temperature is possible by changing to pulsed operation and reducing the heat load. The demonstration of a continuous-wave, electrically pumped, all-group-IV laser is a major breakthrough towards a complete group-IV photonics technology platform.
Lack of TYK2 signaling enhances host resistance to Candida albicans skin infection
Authors: Miranda Sara , Lassnig Caroline , Schmidhofer Kristina , Kjartansdottir Hrönn , Vogl Claus , Tangermann Simone , Tsymala Irina , Babl Verena , Müller Mathias , Kuchler Karl , Strobl Birgit
Published: December 2024

Candida albicans is the most common human fungal pathogen, causing diseases ranging from local to life-threating systemic infections. Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2), a crucial mediator in several cytokine signaling pathways, has been associated with protective functions in various microbial infections. However, its specific contribution in the immune response to fungal infections has remained elusive. In this study, we show that mice lacking TYK2 or its enzymatic activity exhibit enhanced resistance to C. albicans skin infections, limiting fungal spread and accelerating wound healing. Impaired TYK2-signaling prompted the formation of a distinctive layer of necrotic neutrophils around the fungal pathogens. Transcriptomic analysis revealed TYK2’s pivotal role in regulating interferon-inducible genes in neutrophils, thereby impacting their antifungal capacity during infection. Furthermore, we show that TYK2-dependent interferon-gamma (IFNγ) production contributes to fungal dissemination from the skin to the kidneys. Our study uncovers a hitherto unrecognized detrimental role of TYK2 in cutaneous C. albicans infections.
Mimicking on-water surface synthesis through micellar interfaces
Authors: Prasoon Anupam , Ghouse Shaik , Nguyen Nguyen Ngan , Yang Hyejung , Müller Alina , Naisa Chandrasekhar , Paasch Silvia , Herbawe Abdallh , Aiti Muhannad Al , Cuniberti Gianaurelio , Brunner Eike , Feng Xinliang
Published: December 2024

The chemistry of the on-water surface, characterized by enhanced reactivity, distinct selectivity, and confined reaction geometry, offers significant potential for chemical and materials syntheses. However, the utilization of on-water surface synthesis is currently limited by the requirement for a stable air-water interface, which restricts its broader synthetic applications. In this work, we present a approach that mimics on-water surface chemistry using micelles. This method involves the self-assembly of charged surfactant molecules beyond their critical micelle concentration (CMC), forming micellar structures that simulate the air-water interface. This creates an environment conducive to chemical reactions, featuring a hydrophobic core and surrounding water layer. Utilizing such mimicking on-water surface with the assembly of porphyrin-based monomers featuring distinct confined geometry and preferential orientations, we achieve reactivity and selectivity (≥99%) in fourteen different reversible and irreversible chemical reactions. Extending the versatility of this approach, we further demonstrate its applicability to two-dimensional (2D) polymerization on micellar interfaces, successfully achieving the aqueous synthesis of crystalline 2D polymer thin layers. This strategy significantly broadens the accessibility of on-water surface chemistry for a wide range of chemical syntheses.
A novel deep learning algorithm for real-time prediction of clinical deterioration in the emergency department for a multimodal clinical decision support system
Authors: Choi Arom , Lee Kwanhyung , Hyun Heejung , Kim Kwang Joon , Ahn Byungeun , Lee Kyung Hyun , Hahn Sangchul , Choi So Yeon , Kim Ji Hoon
Published: December 2024

The array of complex and evolving patient data has limited clinical decision making in the emergency department (ED). This study introduces an advanced deep learning algorithm designed to enhance real-time prediction accuracy for integration into a novel Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS). A retrospective study was conducted using data from a level 1 tertiary hospital. The algorithm’s predictive performance was evaluated based on in-hospital cardiac arrest, inotropic circulatory support, advanced airway, and intensive care unit admission. We developed an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for CDSS that integrates multiple data modalities, including vitals, laboratory, and imaging results from electronic health records. The AI model was trained and tested on a dataset of 237,059 ED visits. The algorithm’s predictions, based solely on triage information, significantly outperformed traditional logistic regression models, with notable improvements in the area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC). Additionally, predictive accuracy improved with the inclusion of continuous data input at shorter intervals. This study suggests the feasibility of using AI algorithms in diverse clinical scenarios, particularly for earlier detection of clinical deterioration. Future work should focus on expanding the dataset and enhancing real-time data integration across multiple centers to further optimize its application within the novel CDSS.
Re–Os dating of the Makimine and Shimokawa VMS deposits for new age constraints on ridge subduction beneath Japanese Islands
Authors: Nozaki Tatsuo , Takaya Yutaro , Nakayama Ken , Kato Yasuhiro
Published: December 2024

Ridge subduction is a trigger of thermal metamorphism and hydrothermal activity; thus, it is an important process for understanding geological history of accretionary complexes. However, determining the timing of ridge subduction is often challenging owing to metamorphism and poor microfossil preservation. Some Besshi-type volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits associated with in situ greenstone originated by hydrothermal mineralisation on a sediment-covered mid-ocean ridge (MOR); thus, their depositional ages constrain the timing of ridge subduction. Here, we report Re–Os isochron ages of the Makimine and Shimokawa VMS deposits in southwest and northeast Japan. The Re–Os isotope ratios exhibit well-defined linearity and their isochron ages are 89.4 ± 1.2 and 48.2 ± 0.9 Ma. Considering (1) the almost same depositional ages of the VMS deposits with surrounding sedimentary rocks; (2) their close association with in situ greenstone and absence of chert; (3) their radiogenic Pb isotope composition; (4) their high sulphur isotope (δ34S) composition with a wide variation; and (5) high thermal gradient in the Makimine area, we inferred the depositional setting of both VMS deposits to be a sediment-covered MOR in a shelf sea. Thus, the VMS deposits were formed just before Izanagi–Pacific Ridge subduction beneath the paleo-Japanese Islands.
Effects of the therapeutic correction of U1 snRNP complex on Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Leal Caio Bruno Q. S. , Zimmer Camila G. M. , Sinatti Vanessa V. C. , Soares Ericks S. , Poppe Britt , de Wiart Adrien Carton , Chua Xue Ying , da Silva Ronan V. , Magdesian Margaret H. , Rafii Michael S. , Buée Luc , Bottos Rafael M.
Published: December 2024

The U1 snRNP complex recognizes pre-mRNA splicing sites in the early stages of spliceosome assembly and suppresses premature cleavage and polyadenylation. Its dysfunction may precede Alzheimer’s disease (AD) hallmarks. Here we evaluated the effects of a synthetic single-stranded cDNA (APT20TTMG) that interacts with U1 snRNP, in iPSC-derived neurons from a donor diagnosed with AD and in the SAMP8 mouse model. APT20TTMG effectively binds to U1 snRNP, specifically decreasing TAU in AD neurons, without changing mitochondrial activity or glutamate. Treatment enhanced neuronal electrical activity, promoted an enrichment of differentially expressed genes related to key processes affected by AD. In SAMP8 mice, APT20TTMG reduced insoluble pTAU in the hippocampus, amyloid-beta and GFAP in the cortex, and U1-70 K in both brain regions, without cognitive changes. This study highlights the correction of the U1 snRNP complex as a new target for AD.
Deep learning versus human assessors: forensic sex estimation from three-dimensional computed tomography scans
Authors: Lye Ridhwan , Min Hang , Dowling Jason , Obertová Zuzana , Estai Mohamed , Bachtiar Nur Amelia , Franklin Daniel
Published: December 2024

Cranial sex estimation often relies on visual assessments made by a forensic anthropologist following published standards. However, these methods are prone to human bias and may be less accurate when applied to populations other than those for which they were originally developed with. This study explores an automatic deep learning (DL) framework to enhance sex estimation accuracy and reduce bias. Utilising 200 cranial CT scans of Indonesian individuals, various DL network configurations were evaluated against a human observer. The most accurate DL network, which learned to estimate sex and cranial traits as an auxiliary task, achieved a classification accuracy of 97%, outperforming the human observer at 82%. Grad-CAM visualisations indicated that the DL model appears to focus on certain cranial traits, while also considering overall size and shape. This study demonstrates the potential of using DL to assist forensic anthropologists in providing more accurate and less biased estimations of skeletal sex.
A study on the mechanical strength of alfalfa seeds stimulated with continuous laser light
Authors: Dziwulska-Hunek Agata , Szymanek Mariusz , Matwijczuk Arkadiusz , Leszczyński Norbert
Published: December 2024

The presented study explored the impact of He-Ne laser light stimulation on basic, selected mechanical properties of alfalfa seeds. The following parameters were considered: destructive force (F), destructive force work (W), and absolute longitudinal deformation (dL). Moreover, the single seed mass (m) was measured prior to the compression test, and the ratios of destructive force to absolute longitudinal deformation (F/dL) and destructive force work to single seed mass (W/m) were calculated. Subsequently, the mass of 1000 seeds was determined using RADWAG XA110.3Y scales, and the geometric dimensions of seeds were measured using a Keyence VHX-2000 microscope. Prior to the compression test, the seeds were subjected to laser light stimulation (λ = 632.8 nm, surface force density = 6 mW·cm− 2) with the exposure time of, respectively: 0 s (control – no stimulation – C), 30 s (L30s), 1 min (L1), 2 min (L2), and 3 min (L3). We observed an increase in most of the mechanical parameters measured under the influence of all the laser light stimulation variants. The only exception was the F/dL ratio, which decreased after 2 and 3-minute exposure, as compared to the control. The results evidenced increased mechanical strength of the stimulated seeds, which may prove significant to the cultivation of new, more resilient cultivars.
Fluorescent poly(tannic acid)-based nanoprobes for selective and sensitive detection of bismuth ions
Authors: Chen Changchang , Yang Yuqing , Ji Chenyang , Shui Yasi , Jiang Xiaoyan , Liu Renyong , Xie Chenggen , Chen Lijuan
Published: December 2024

A fast, facile and selective fluorescence detection method for Bi3+ was developed based on poly(tannic acid) nanoparticles.
Click-ready iridium(iii) complexes as versatile bioimaging probes for bioorthogonal metabolic labeling
Authors: Rigolot Vincent , Simon Clémence , Bouchet Aude , Lancel Lucas , Di Battista Veronica , Karpov Dmitry , Vauzeilles Boris , Spriet Corentin , Sliwa Michel , Bohic Sylvain , Biot Christophe , Lion Cédric
Published: December 2024

We present iridium(iii) probes for bioorthogonal metabolic labeling, enabling versatile bioimaging applications including super-resolution X-ray fluorescence nanoscopy and photoluminescence lifetime imaging microscopy to advance sialylation studies.
Advancing extreme-temperature-tolerant zinc–air batteries through photothermal transition metal sulfide heterostructures
Authors: Zhong Yuqing , Zhang Yunzheng , Wang Jiajian , Jin Huile , Pan Shuang , Wang Shun , Chen Yihuang
Published: December 2024

Utilizing the photothermal assistance principle provides fascinating opportunities to explore the connection between the catalyst photothermal effect and zinc–air battery characteristics under normal to extreme conditions.
Targeting the gut–skin axis by food-derived active peptides ameliorates skin photoaging: a comprehensive review
Authors: Liu Yang , Xiong Ling , Wang Luanfeng , Zhou Jianxin , Wang Fang , Luo Feijun , Shen Xinchun
Published: December 2024

During skin photoaging, some FDAPs can be absorbed by the gut, pass through the blood barrier, and act on the skin. Some FDAPs can regulate gut microbiota, indirectly mitigating the effects of photoaging.
D–A–D type high contrast mechanochromic luminescence based on anthracene and pyridinium salt derivatives
Authors: Hu Xianchen , Liu Zhengfen , Xiao Shubiao , Yang Junli
Published: December 2024

Cationic high contrast mechanochromism luminescence based on anthracene and pyridine salt derivatives.
Point defects at grain boundaries can create structural instabilities and persistent deep traps in metal halide perovskites
Authors: Wu Yifan , Liu Dongyu , Chu Weibin , Wang Bipeng , Vasenko Andrey S. , Prezhdo Oleg V.
Published: December 2024

Perovskite grain boundaries exhibit slow fluctuations and transient charge trap states. Pb interstitials lead to boundary reconstruction and long-lived trap states due to Pb trimers.
Systematic probing of protein adsorption on protein-based nanoparticles in dependence of the particle surface charge
Authors: Otange Ben , Katenkamp Tobias , Böhler Hendrik , Rütten Michael , Lang Laurin , Schulz Florian , Parak Wolfgang J. , Beck Tobias
Published: December 2024

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy reveals how surface charge affects protein adsorption on nanocages.
Light-induced charge transfer from a fullerene to a zeolitic imidazolate framework enhances alkaline electrocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Zhang Jun , Gao Mengting , Wang Ying , Wei Ying , Qi Yirong , Liu Qingqing , Li Xu , Ma Qunzhi , Huang Jianfeng , Feng Yongqiang
Published: December 2024

Light-induced charge transfer from a photo-responsive fullerene C60 carbon cage to the Co metal sites of flake-like ZIF-67 enhances the OER activity under UV light irradiation.
Light-induced decarboxylative arylation of carboxylic acids via electron donor–acceptor complexes
Authors: Lei Bowen , Tian Lu , Du Xinwei , Yue Boyu , Zhou Jun , Hao Na , Wei Siping , Yi Dong , Xiong Ying , Gong Yimou
Published: December 2024

EDA complex-enabled decarboxylative radical arylation was established under alkaline conditions, without the need for photocatalysts, transition metals, or oxidants.
Effect of rare-earth ytterbium doping on the microwave absorption performance of nickel–cobalt ferrite
Authors: Wang Guangming , Ma Zhijun , Zheng Yunsheng , Cheng Liang , Xing Huiling , Li Zhuomin
Published: December 2024

When Yb3+ = 0.02, Ni0.5Co0.5Yb0.02Fe1.98O4 has the best microwave absorption performance, the best reflection loss is −21.04 dB, and the effective microwave absorption bandwidth in the Ku band is 2.55 GHz (15.45–18.00 GHz).
Metallic sealants increase flux and change selectivity in supported molten-salt membranes
Authors: McNeil Liam A. , Chen Guannan , Hu Wenting , Papaioannou Evangelos I. , Metcalfe Ian S. , Mutch Greg A.
Published: December 2024

Metallic sealants ‘short-circuit’ molten-carbonate membranes, providing an additional route for CO2 (and O2) permeation.
Understanding how the structures of surfactants in hybrid nanoparticles affect the compaction of ct-DNA for cellular uptake: presenting a highly efficient surfactant
Authors: Dyagala Shalini , Paul Milan , Aswal Vinod K , Biswas Swati , Saha Subit Kumar
Published: December 2024

Understanding the role of surfactant structures and nanoparticles size in ct-DNA's compaction for cellular uptake presenting an efficient surfactant.
Tuning the local chemistry of SPAN to realize the development of room-temperature sodium–sulfur pouch cells
Authors: Sanjaykumar C. , Sungjemmenla  , Chandra Mahesh , Soni Chhail Bihari , Vineeth S. K. , Das Sweta , Cohen Nevo , Kumar Hemant , Mandler Daniel , Kumar Vipin
Published: December 2024

The viability of RT-Na/S batteries is limited due to the sluggish kinetics of the cathode. Cathode additives, e.g., ZnS, can accelerate the reactions by inherently increasing the electronic and ionic conduction of Na+ within the SPAN matrix.
In situ grown Na+-doped NH4V4O10 nano-arrays on carbon cloth with ultra-high specific capacity for high-performance aqueous ammonium ion hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Zhou Yangwang , Long Fei , Hou Yixin , Lin Xinying , Sun Li , Mo Shuyi , Long Fei , Gao Yihua
Published: December 2024

Doping sodium ions in NH4V4O10 interlayer reduces the deammoniation. The NaNVO@CC has ultra-high specific capacity and excellent cycling stability. Systematic ex situ characterization experiments confirm reversible NH4+ ions (de)intercalation.
Origin of surface reconstruction via oxygen termination and improved hydrogen evolution reactions in MXenes
Authors: Mali Kishan H. , Pokar Rushikesh , Dashora Alpa
Published: December 2024

Surface reconstruction via oxygen termination facilitated by fundamental adsorbate–adsorbate interactions exposing heterogeneous catalytic sites with improved HER activities.
In situ pyrolysis of ZIF-67 with cobalt nitrate etching for the catalytic oxidation of methane: promoting surface lattice oxygen and molecular oxygen activation
Authors: Liu Yuyang , Wang Xiaofeng , Miao Birong , Chu Qianji , Mao Yanghui , Zhang Rui , Li Qingbo
Published: December 2024

Etching strategy promoted dual activation of surface lattice oxygen and molecular oxygen. The activation of molecular oxygen was the key factor for catalyst performance enhancement.
A mesogenic unit based low melting point solid additive for efficient and stable organic solar cells
Authors: Wang Jiali , Xie Qian , Fang Jie , Xia Dongdong , Zhang Yuefeng , Qiao Chunyu , Xie Yu , You Shengyong , Jiang Lang , Li Weiwei , Zhao Chaowei
Published: December 2024

In this work, a novel low melting temperature solid additive CB8-Br was designed and synthesized through a simple and reliable method, and a superior PCE of 18.12% with excellent device stability was obtained in CB8-Br-processed devices.
Management of Velopharyngeal Impairment in Adults With Dysarthria: A Systematic Review
Authors: Spencer Kristie A. , Eddy Brandon , Papathanasiou Ilias , Summers Dale , Britton Deanna
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

Velopharyngeal impairment (VPI) is a common manifestation of dysarthria, yet there is uncertainty regarding the evidence for treatment options. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate published intervention studies of VPI and to update the original Practice Guidelines for VPI, as part of the Dysarthria Writing Group of the Evidence-Based Clinical Research Committee of the Academy of Neurologic Communication Disorders and Sciences.

Method:

Four electronic databases were searched for articles published through September 2022 in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses standards. Multiple indices of methodological quality and risk of bias were used to evaluate studies.

Results:

The search yielded 1,347 articles, of which 31 met inclusion criteria and were reviewed by two blinded co-investigators and a third consensus reviewer. Therapeutic approaches centered on prosthetic treatment (
n
= 13), prosthetic treatment combined with another form of therapy (
n
= 7), and behavioral exercise (
n
= 7), with four additional studies reporting unconventional approaches (e.g., use of medication). No single treatment approach garnered strong evidence. However, converging moderate evidence suggests positive treatment outcomes for prosthetic approaches for moderate–severe speakers with flaccid/spastic dysarthria and behavioral treatment approaches for speakers spanning a range of nonprogressive dysarthrias.

Conclusions:

There is a critical need for well-controlled treatment studies of VPI that incorporate comprehensive and systematic description of baseline speech function, treatment protocols, and operationally defined outcome measures, particularly related to social validity and participation goals. Suggestions for how clinicians can apply extant research findings to practice are provided.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27655566