bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors that influence cadre participation in the managing the family planning program in Banjarmasin City
Authors: Mirawati  , Mariati Nelly , Aulia Fika , Rahmah Afiatun
Published: July 2024

The increasing population can lead to complex problems. One way to reduce the population is by implementing family planning programs. The success of the family planning program is largely determined by the participation of family planning cadres in each region. The purpose of this research was to analyze the factors that influence cadre participation in the management of family planning programs. The research method uses a cross-sectional design by analyzing the influence of age, education, length of time as a cadre, appreciation and motivation on participation. The research was conducted in the city of Banjarmasin. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling with a sample size of 61 cadres. Data analysis using the Kruskal Wallis test. The results of the study found that there was an influence of motivation on cadre participation with a p value of 0.005 < α (0.05), while the variables of age, education, length of time to cadre and appreciation did not have a significant effect. The motivation of cadres must always be improved for the success of family planning programs.
Liverworts (Marchantiophyta) of the Unya River Basin (Northern Urals, Komi Republic)
Authors: Dulin M. V. , Zheleznova G. V.
Published: July 2024

An annotated list of liverworts collected in the basin of Unya River, a left tributary of Pechora River, is presented for the first time. The list includes 85 species, one subspecies and three varieties belonging to 50 genera, 32 families. For each taxon, the data on geographical locations, substrates, habitats, and structures associated with reproduction are provided. The new locations of rare liverworts of the Komi Republic (Frullania oakesiana, Reboulia hemisphaerica, Radula lindenbergiana) and of eight species protected in the Komi Republic (Arnellia fennica, Lophozia ascendens, Metzgeria furcata, Nardia breidleri, Odontoschisma elongatum, Porella platyphylla, Scapania apiculata, S. nemorea) are described. The studied forest habitats and rock outcrops are characterized by the highest taxonomic diversity: 49 and 37 species, respectively. The spruce-fir forests dominate in number of species (31) among the forest formations. Revealed liverworts prefer to grow on rocky substrates and disturbed soil. About 45% of the identified species form reproductive structures.
Containerized Model Engines for Operational Disease Forecasting
Authors: Nagraj VP , Benefield Amy E , Williams Desiree
Published: July 2024

Operational infectious disease modeling efforts are important to public health response before, during, and after outbreak events. Recent collaborative initiatives have demonstrated the success of hubs, which openly solicit modeling output from contributors. Automation techniques can help improve timeliness of submissions to hubs. Furthermore, we suggest that containerization approaches may yield even more efficient and portable development and maintenance of model engines. Here we provide a case study in development of a containerized infectious disease modeling framework. We describe our successful implementation of a model engine as well as a custom designed, cloud-based orchestration architecture for near-term influenza forecasting. As a next step, we offer a perspective on how containerization techniques may be standardized for adoption in the outbreak analytics domain.
An Explainable AI Handbook for Psychologists: Methods, Opportunities, and Challenges
Authors: Lavelle-Hill Rosa , Smith Gavin , Murayama Kou , Deininger Hannah
Published: July 2024

With more researchers in psychology using machine learning to model large datasets, many are also looking to eXplainable AI (XAI) to understand how their model works and to gain insights into the most important predictors. However, the methodological approach for explaining a machine learning model is not as straightforward or as well-established as with traditional statistical models. Not only are there a large number of potential XAI methods to choose from, but there are also a number of unresolved challenges when using XAI to understand psychological data. This article aims to provide an introduction to the field of XAI for psychologists. We first introduce explainability from a machine learning perspective. Then we provide an overview of commonly used XAI approaches, namely permutation importance, impurity-based feature importance, Individual Conditional Expectation (ICE) graphs, Partial Dependence Plots (PDP), Accumulated Local Effect (ALE) graphs, Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME), SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), and Deep Learning Important FeaTures (DeepLIFT). Finally, we highlight and discuss some of the practical challenges that psychologists can encounter when using XAI metrics to understand predictor importance.
Finding Love in Algorithms: Deciphering the Emotional Contexts of Close Encounters with AI Chatbots
Authors: Li Han , Zhang Renwen
Published: July 2024

AI chatbots are permeating the socio-emotional realms of human life, presenting both benefitsand challenges to interpersonal dynamics and well-being. Despite burgeoning interest in human-AI relationships, the conversational and emotional nuances of real-world, in situ human-AIsocial interactions remain underexplored. Through computational analysis of a multimodaldataset with over 35,000 screenshots and posts from r/replika, we identified seven prevalenttypes of human-AI social interactions: intimate behavior, mundane interaction, self-disclosure,play and fantasy, customization, transgression, and communication breakdown, and examinedtheir associations with six basic human emotions. Our findings suggest the paradox of emotionalconnection with AI, indicated by the bittersweet emotion in intimate encounters with AI chatbots,and the elevated fear in uncanny valley moments when AI exhibits semblances of mind in deepself-disclosure. Customization characterizes the distinctiveness of AI companionship, positivelyelevating user experiences, whereas transgression and communication breakdown elicit fear orsadness.
Vigilant and Prepared: Working Memory-Driven Attentional Capture by Task-Irrelevant Threat Is Contingent Upon Action Preparation
Authors: Brown Chris Robert Harrison
Published: July 2024

Threat-associated stimuli can capture our attention even when they are task-irrelevant. It has, however, not been determined whether this interference can be caused by background threat-detection goals active in visual working memory (VWM). To test this, five dual-task combined visual search and VWM change detection task experiments were run (4/5 pre-registered; total N = 119), in which participants had to detect the change in either positive (kitten) or threat-related (spider) animal exemplars across a trial, whilst performing an intervening visual search task with peripheral distractors from these affective categories. It was hypothesised that threat-related spider and positive kitten distractors would disrupt search efficiency more, versus a neutral (bird or no distractor) baseline, when congruent with the contents of VWM. Experiments 1a, 2, and 3, however, found no evidence of increased capture by VWM-matching affective stimuli, despite cumulative evidence across all experiments of goal-independent value-driven interference by spiders, and a separate self-report rating study (Experiment 1b; n = 82) confirming the distractors’ affective associations. When, however, the trial structure became unpredictable, requiring constant preparation for the VWM task response (Experiment 4), or advanced action preparation to the VWM task was enabled (Experiment 5), then VWM-matching threat-related distractors caused greater interference – though these results were absent for positive distractors. The results provide evidence for distinct goal-driven and value-driven attentional capture by threat; and suggests that a background goal-driven mechanism may operate depending on varying states of action preparation and prioritisation in VWM, rather than task-relevance amplifying affective perceptual inputs.
Brain Scale Free Criticality and Renormalization Extended for Unification and Consciousness Theories
Authors: Khan Tariq
Published: July 2024

Recent articles summarizing research noting the proclivity of renormalization techniques to solve brain self-organized criticality and deep learning could intimate that the challenges with the unification of Quantum Mechanics and Relativity, and with finding a formal solution for quantum decoherence or even consciousness, could be chimeras if the human observed nature of reality itselfare renormalizations of an infinite fractal space-time that is intractable with current techniques.
Cognitive science as a guide for the use of LLMs in education
Authors: Verguts Tom , Calderon Cristian Buc
Published: July 2024

Large language models are based on machine learning. To be useful for educational purposes, they must also incorporate the field of study of cognitive science: Human learning.
Ranking Tasks in Recognition Memory: A Direct Test of the Two-High-Threshold Contrast Model
Authors: Meyer-Grant Constantin Gregor , Jakob Marie
Published: July 2024

It has long been debated whether latent memory strength determines recognition judgments directly, or through a small number of discrete states. Often, signal detection theory (SDT) models instantiate the former perspective, whereas the two-high-threshold (2HT) model instantiates the latter. Kellen and Klauer (2014) conducted a critical test using a ranking paradigm that yielded results in line with common SDT models and incompatible with the 2HT model. However, Malejka et al. (2022) recently challenged their conclusion. They argued that the 2HT model can account for the critical effect if detection probabilities were determined by a memory strength contrast between simultaneously presented stimuli. Here, we test this contrast mechanism directly. We show that when only a single old item is presented, such a contrast mechanism entails a decrease in the probability of correctly rejecting the accompanying new items as their number increases. SDT models, on the other hand, predict the opposite pattern. Results of an empirical investigation were in agreement with SDT and inconsistent with the 2HT contrast model. Thus, our findings strengthen the conclusions of Kellen and Klauer (2014) and provide further evidence for SDT models of recognition memory.
Cognition Ratings for 8,826 English Words
Authors: Corenblum Hannah , Pexman Penny M.
Published: July 2024

Many abstract words refer to internal cognitive events or states, such as thinking or believing, or to cognitive products, such as theories, ideas, or whims (Binder, 2016). Mental state information is proposed to be an important component in the grounding of abstract meaning (Kiefer et al., 2022, Muraki et al., 2022), such that our inner cognitive experiences form a foundational aspect of semantic representation. We tested this proposal by first collecting cognition ratings for over 8,000 English words. Then, we used the norms generated from our ratings to examine the unique variance explained by cognition ratings in performance on lexical-semantic tasks. We found a significant effect of cognition, such that there was a facilitative relationship between cognition ratings and behavioural responses, even when controlling for other key lexical and semantic variables. Specifically, words rated as more cognitive in nature elicited faster and more accurate task responses, especially for words with more abstract meanings. This study highlights a novel behavioral effect that is consistent with a multidimensional account of semantic representation.
Vocal Transformabilities
Authors: Venturi Francesco
Published: July 2024

Paper presented at the University of Malta on 21 March 2024, as part of the conference “Subject/Object/Practice/Place: Connecting Creatively Through the Performing Arts”
Ceremonial pectorals from the Tuvan Valley of the kings
Authors: Chugunov Konstantin ,   State Hermitage
Published: July 2024

The article examines in detail two pectorals from elite burials in Tuva, namely from grave 5 in Arzhan-2 and grave 9 in Chinge-Tey I burial mounds. The images on these ceremonial objects and their morphological features were compared. The general patterns of the ornament and, to some extent, the iconography of the animal figures are extremely similar on both subjects. However, a detailed examination of the pectoral from Chinge-Tey I reveals quite a lot of differences from the Arzhan one. On both pectorals, the animals are located along the spiral-vortex pattern, but oriented in opposite directions. Despite the general similarity of the decor, probably due to the semantics of this item in culture, the animals on the pectorals were executed in a different manner. While on Chinge-Tey I pectoral the loops for passing beads were soldered along the edges of the plate, the loops on the Arzhan pectoral were located on its inner surface and only along the outer edge, but later they were cut off. The comparison reveals that these products certainly had the same semantic loading in the culture of the Central Asia nomads. Other finds in grave 9 of Chinge-Tey I suggest that a male was buried with his trophies obtained in a long-distance military campaign. Accordingly, the ceremonial pectoral may well be brought from afar. Thus, soldered loops with chains at the ends are associated with the Urartu products and are not typical for the nomad ones. It is possible that the mythologeme embedded in these items (perhaps reinterpreted by nomads) should be sought in the areas of agricultural civilizations of the Middle East, but the pectorals themselves, judging by the stable ornamental patterns, were made by craftsmen associated with closer regions, perhaps with Xinjiang. Such assumptions were made earlier in relation to the pectoral from Arzhan-2, but the discovery of another similar attribute in the grave of the Chinge-Tey I burial mound makes the hypothesis of distant western connections of the nomads of Central Asia even more plausible.
Ivory beads of the Sungir Paleolithic site: shapes and features of their alternation in set decorations
Authors: Khlopachev Gennadiy ,   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of Russian Academy of Sciences, Bazilevich Ludmila
Published: July 2024

The article presents the results of an analysis of the shapes of ivory beads from the burials of a male and adolescent boys discovered in 1964 and 1969 by O.N. Bader at the Sungir site (Vladimir region, Russia), the habitation of which dates back to the end of the Early period (30–27 thousand BC) of the Upper Paleolithic. Beads are diverse in shape, small in size, extremely standardized products, which are one of the most mass and widespread categories of personal composite decorations at the Upper Paleolithic sites. Currently, the Sungir site is the only one where set decorations made of ivory beads, which retained their original position, were found in burials in large quantities (more than 10,000 units). These include an abundance of decoration sets such as bracelets and numerous rows of beads running across and along the body, around the waist, arms and legs, as well as the heads of the buried. The studied sample included 113 set of decorations made of beads (more than 4,000 units). The technical and morphological analysis of beads of such ornamental rows reveal that decorations were not formed randomly, but have a certain rhythmic patterns. In some cases, they were formed by the repeated alternation of groups of artifacts of different types, in others by the alternation of groups of items of the same type, but made on different blanks. The study of the complex rhythmic compositions of ivory beads revealed that there are four main independent types of beads at the site: rectangular in plan with notches on wide surfaces and a bidirectional hole in the center; rounded or oval in plan, with flattened proportions and a hole in the center; drop-shaped (“basket-shaped”); thin flat rectangular in plan, with a small hole in the center. Previously unknown beads of an individual shape were also identified — crescent-shaped and in the form of an asterisk. It is established that the dimensional characteristics of beads were an important factor for compositional constructions for ancient craftsmen. The diversity and the principle of consistency characterizing the composite Sungir jewelry indicate that they represent a unique archaeological source, the significance of which has yet to be evaluated.
Spatial organization of the lower layer of the Zamil-Koba 1 site in the Crimea
Authors: Simonenko Anton ,   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zhilin Mikhail , Ruev Vladimir ,   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Published: July 2024

The site in grotto Zamil-Koba 1 in the South-Western Crimea was discovered and excavated by D.A. Krainov in 1935–1937. Two Stone Age cultural layers were investigated. The bottom layer belongs to the Shan-Koba culture and is dated to the Allerød period. It is totally excavated inside the grotto. The bottom layer of the site is characterized by clear spatial structure including a hearth, bone accumulation, a workshop and a sleeping place inside a living area. The use-wear analysis of all artefacts from this layer conducted by the authors revealed various tools with use-wear traces. Distribution of functional groups of weapons and tools correlates with above mentioned structural areas and reflects locations of various economic activities at the territory of the site. Arrowheads were found to the south and south-east from the hearth and to the north-east from it. Hide processing tools were concentrated mainly in the southern part of the living area and around it. Tools for wood processing were located mainly inside the bone accumulation and the workshop and to the east from the living area. Tools for bone and antler processing have similar distribution. Cores and hammerstones were found mainly inside the workshop and to the north-east from Zamil-Koba 1. Retouchers were found at the northern and south-western periphery of the living area. Red paint was produced at its southern periphery to the south of the bone accumulation. There were practically no tools to the east from the hearth inside the living place. This part was probably used as sleeping area. Such spatial structure indicates homogeneity of the bottom layer of Zamil-Koba 1 site. Placement of the living area far away from the grotto entrance, presence of a stationary hearth encircled by massive rock blocks and almost total absence of traces of household activity near the grotto entrance evidently indicates functioning of the site during cold season.
To the question of definition of the age of the Big Shigir idol
Authors: Savchenko Svetlana ,   Sverdlovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore named after O.E. Claire
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to problems of dating of the monumental wooden sculpture accidentally found in 1980 during gold mining at the Shigir peat bog in the Trans-Urals. In 1997 mesolithic age of wood of the sculpture was established with the help of conventional method in radiocarbon laboratories of the Institute for the History of Material Culture (St. Petersburg) and of the Geological Institute (Moscow). In 2014 series of radiocarbon dates were obtained with the help of AMS method in Claus Chir laboratory (Manheim, Germany) which enabled dating of the sculpture to the Early Mesolithic. Results of dendrological analysis carried out by the head of the Dendrological laboratory of the German archaeological Institute (Berlin) K.-U. Heussner, traceological study of the sculpture carried out by the leading researcher of the Institute of Archaeology RAS M.G. Zhilin, and analysis of environmental dynamics in the Mesolithic of the Trans-Urals confirm such early date. But despite the obtained results the age of a unique artefact remains a subject of discussion. Articles were published where doubt in the early date of the sculpture was put forward. N.M. Chairkina basing on the fact that uninterrupted accumulation of peat started in the Trans-Urals at the end of the Boreal — Early Atlantic period, and traces of peat were found in ancient cracks of the sculpture suggests its dating to this time. E.A. Kashina studied stylistic peculiarities of anthropomorphic faces of the sculpture and found some analogies among archaeological materials from the forest zone of Eastern Europe and the Trans-Urals, which are dated mainly to the IV–III millennia BC. She dates the Big Shigir idol to this time, and explains Mesolithic dates by the use of fossil larch tree trunk for creation of the sculpture. Relentless interest of researchers to this question demanded a new analysis of all facts and arguments including ones achieved during latest research of the Big Shigir idol.
Ornamental decoration of a dagger from Aytkulovo: results of graphic analysis
Authors: Shmidt Irina ,   Dostoevsky Omsk State University
Published: July 2024

Bone ornamented items of the end of the Paleolithic — Mesolithic periods are very rare in the south of Western Siberia. While some of them have dating context, others are accidental finds. Despite the circumstances of their discovery and limited amount of relevant information, there is a need to consider the issues of dominant subjects, compositional morphology, technical execution of ornaments covering their surfaces and relations with the materials of adjacent territories, mainly the Ural region. The study presents the results of a palaeographic analysis of ornamental patterns (texts) created presumably in the Epipaleolithic and which are rather rare in terms of morphology. The study is focused on the ornament of a dagger from Aytkulovo. The bone artefact was accidentally discovered in July 1976 near the village of Aytkulovo on a shoal at the mouth of River Murlinka (Tara district, Omsk region). Stylistic and compositional analogues of the dagger in the Middle Irtysh region are unknown. The preservation of the artefact is satisfactory, which allows analyzing its ornamental composition. The dagger’s ornamentation consists of two iconic layers, each of them can be attributed to different chronological episodes (phases). Such combination of the non synchronous ornamental texts on a single artefact is a true rarity in paleoornamentology. While objects of the first ornamental layer form the frame of the composition, the overlapping additional elements of the second layer were added in a later chronological episode. The observed differences of the first and the second layers in specific taphonomic, technological, stylistic and graphic features raise the question of a chronological gap in their creation. The graphic and stylistic originality of the iconic design of the dagger suggests that its ornamental pattern can be considered as a “graphic dialect” belonging to a more global ornamental tradition (its preliminary name was “Ural-Chernoozerye”). The obtained results confirm the being-developed thesis about the existence of a single cultural community in the southern Trans-Urals and in the south-west of Western Siberia during the late Palaeolithic — early Mesolithic period. This community is represented by the local mutually contacting groups which used similar graphic principles of information transfer. The process of interpenetration and blending of local traditions led not only to exchange of technological innovation but also to emergence of the composite graphic “dialects” similar to the one in Aytkulovo.
The numerical solution of the eigenvalue problem in dielectric thin films
Authors: Elmujahid Ali , .E. I. Abubakr Abdusalam , A.M.Abdulhamid Salah , Ali Farj Emhemed Ibrahim , A. Mansor Mohamed , A. A. MABRUK Adel
Published: July 2024

In this study, the eigenvalue problem for one-dimensional thin films made of alternating layers of two dielectric materials with dielectric constants ε1 and ε2 was solved for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes to determine the allowed and forbidden frequencies in the bandgap. The dispersion relation for the one-dimensional thin films was obtained, and the eigenvalue problems were solved using a MATLAB program. The results show that the photonic band structure for the film in a homogeneous medium (ε1 = ε2) has no forbidden frequencies between the bands due to the continuous translational symmetry. However, when the dielectric constant is changed (ε1 ≠ ε2), gaps and bands appear alternately on the frequency axis. The first nine gaps and ten bands were obtained, and it is possible to determine the forbidden and allowed frequencies through the photonic band structure.
“Information Chaos” Game Space
Authors: Bazlutskaya Maria M. ,   Postgraduate Student, Department of World Political Processes, MGIMO University, Moscow, Russia, Sytnik Anna N. ,   Associate Professor, Department of American Studies, St. Petersburg State University, Russia
Published: July 2024

It is difficult to assess the popularity and abundance of digital games designed to teach one to resist disinformation, but the activity of their creators suggests that this tool is in demand.
A Case Study on The Security Challenges and Counterterrorism Strategies in The India-Afghanistan Relations from 2001 To 2014
Authors: Roy Babusona
Published: July 2024

In this research paper, I have thoroughly described about the topic “A Case Study on The Security Challenges and Counterterrorism Strategies in The India-Afghanistan Relations from 2001 To 2014”. Between the years 2001 and 2014, the relationship between India and Afghanistan was marked by substantial security issues. These challenges were principally caused by terrorism and instability in Afghanistan, which were primarily fuelled by the insurgency of the Taliban. Because India is a neighboring country, it was very worried about the possible spillover consequences that may result from terrorism and unrest throughout the area. Afghanistan remained unstable and posed a continuing danger to the security of the area, even though the Taliban rule was overthrown by the invasion led by the United States after the attacks of September 11, 2001. India's strategy for resolving these difficulties consisted of a multi-pronged approach that included political engagement, economic cooperation, and measures to enhance the ability of Afghan security forces. The Istanbul Process and the Heart of Asia-Istanbul Process are two examples of regional and international efforts that were undertaken with the intention of stabilizing Afghanistan. India had a significant part in both initiatives. Nevertheless, despite these efforts, the security situation in Afghanistan remained uncertain, and India continued to face threats from terrorist groups that were operating from inside Afghan territory. When these obstacles were present, the relationship between India and Afghanistan saw substantial alterations. These transformations included increasing collaboration and engagement, which were driven by common strategic goals. These interests included counterterrorism, energy security, and regional influence. In addition to shedding light on the difficulties and ongoing efforts that are necessary to solve these problems and promote stability in the area, the time that is being investigated provides unique insights into the security dynamics that are defining the relationship between India and Afghanistan.
Analysis of Erosion and Sedimentation Rates on the Service Life of Telaga Lebur Dam
Authors: Diwandono Resmaji Probo , Yasa I Wayan , Saadi Yusron
Published: July 2024

Dam is a civil construction structure in hydrology. The concept of a dam essentially provides a solution by serving as a water reserve, meaning that during the rainy season, water is collected in the dam reservoir, and during the dry season, the stored water can be used as needed. Dams are highly effective in addressing water scarcity issues, both for raw water supply and irrigation purposes. The purpose of building dams is to create a water supply system to supply water for village residents and for irrigation needs. Water availability in dry climate regions is generally limited. Climate change phenomena exacerbate water scarcity issues. As a precaution and mitigation measure against water scarcity, the Indonesian government is actively constructing dams across various provinces. Particularly in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB), a dry climate province facing challenges in water supply for households and irrigation, dam construction is essential. The level of total erosion hazard rate in the Telaga Lebur Dam Catchment Area is 5463.94 Ton/Ha/Year. 67.78% of the area of the Telaga Lebur Dam Catchment Area (11.23 km²) experiences erosion at a rate of 3703.5 Ton/Ha/Year, classified as very light erosion. 11.58% of the area of the Telaga Lebur Dam Catchment Area (25.90 km²) experiences erosion at a rate of 632.7 Ton/Ha/Year, classified as light erosion. 9.20% of the area of the Telaga Lebur Dam Catchment Area (20.58 km²) experiences erosion at a rate of 502.7 Ton/Ha/Year, classified as moderate erosion. 3.66% of the area of the Telaga Lebur Dam Catchment Area (8.19 km²) experiences erosion at a rate of 200 Ton/Ha/Year, classified as heavy erosion. 7.78% of the area of the Telaga Lebur Dam Catchment Area (17.41 km²) experiences erosion at a rate of 425.1 Ton/Ha/Year, classified as very heavy erosion. The total sediment yield in Telaga Lebur Dam is 16.619 m³/year.  The reservoir's useful lifespan based on the analysis results is 11.44 years.
Parental Perception and Attitude towards Private Tuition: A Cross-Sectional Study among Daily Wage Earners
Authors: Baidya Suparna , Ray Suvendu , Sikdar Deb Prasad
Published: July 2024

Parents' perception of private tuition significantly impacts a child's educational journey. Positive attitudes boost academic growth, boost confidence, address individual needs, foster responsibility, and reflect cultural and social factors. Positive attitudes also encourage collaboration with educators, aligning educational goals and fostering open communication. So, the present study aimed to assess the level of perception and attitude among the parents of daily wage earners. A cross-sectional survey method has been employed to accomplish the purpose of the study among the daily wage-earning parents of school-going children. The present study consisted of 267 samples, comprising daily wage earners parents, by employing a random sampling method from Nadia District, West Bengal, India. A standardized perception and attitude scale towards private tuition, with Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.81 and 0.79, respectively, was administered to collect data from the sample (daily wage earners parents). The findings of the study indicate significant differences in perceptions and attitudes towards private tuition based on factors such as gender, location, and educational qualifications. It has been found that attitudes and perceptions of private tuition have a moderately positive correlation. This study contributes to our knowledge of the significance of private tuition in the educational landscape and provides insightful information for future studies and the formulation of societal policies.
Reflections of Noam Chomsky on the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bashir Ronak
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought devastating societal, economic, and educational consequences worldwide and the world's leading intellectuals put forward their analysis of this pandemic. In this study the researcher analyzed the thoughts of Noam Chomsky on Covid-19 in general, what lessons we learned from this pandemic and what are the challenges ahead. Snowball sampling was used to collect the data. Hermeneutic content analysis was used as a method for analyzing and interpreting the data.  Both primary and secondary sources were taken into consideration to get a good understanding of the under-researched perspective. The critical examination of the available literature on the research problem under consideration revealed, that Chomsky claimed that scientists forecasted another pandemic was very likely to come after the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome epidemic but the drug companies were not interested in preventing a future calamity because of economic reason. He mentions three major threats are approaching: global warming, nuclear war, and deteriorating democracy.   He believed there would be recovery from this pandemic but there would be no recovery from the harmful consequence of global warming. He also claimed the way Cuba helped Italy during this pandemic is an example of true internationalism. This sort of true nationalism is desperately needed.
Prevalence and Management of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD): Literature Review
Authors: Gupta Kavita , Patel Samir J.
Published: July 2024

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) characterized by significant mood disturbances and functional impairment. It affects approximately 3-8% of menstruating women and has been recognized as a distinct clinical entity by the American Psychiatric Association in the DSM-5. Recent studies have emphasized the global prevalence of PMDD and its substantial impact on daily functioning, relationships, and overall mental health. Understanding its prevalence of PMDD helps in recognizing the scale of the problem and the need for targeted interventions. This literature review provides an overview of the current understanding of PMDD, including its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment options. As a result, it was observed that there exist a high prevalence of Premenstrual syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder among Indian females of reproductive age group that consequently affects the quality of life adversely.
Exploring the Impact of Value Education: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Parmar Kalpana Kishorbhai , Jha Avdhesh
Published: July 2024

Value education plays a pivotal role in shaping individuals' ethical, moral, and social development. This research article provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of value education on learners' cognitive, affective, and behavioral domains. Drawing on theoretical frameworks, empirical studies, and practical insights, the article explores the significance of integrating value education into formal and informal learning environments. Through a synthesis of literature and case studies, the article examines the effectiveness of various pedagogical approaches, curriculum designs, and implementation strategies in promoting values such as empathy, integrity, and social responsibility. The findings highlight the multifaceted benefits of value education in fostering holistic development, promoting ethical decision-making, and nurturing responsible citizenship. The article concludes with implications for policymakers, educators, and stakeholders in advancing value education initiatives and fostering a culture of integrity, empathy, and respect in society.
Molecular and Potential Biomarkers in Diagnosis of Cervical Carcinoma: A Review
Authors: Likhitha Kasireddy , Kumar K.V Nanda , Bindhu Devarajappa Gari , Charani Mekala Siva , Priya Nemali Deepthi , Gowthami Yaraganti
Published: July 2024

Cervical cancer, a potentially preventable disease remains the second most common malignancy in women worldwide. Persistent infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main risk factor for cervical cancer and its precursor lesions. It starts in the cell lining of the cervix which includes abnormal cell division and functions. Cytological screening programs using the Pap test have led to a substantial reduction in the incidence of cervical carcinoma. The identification of new biomarkers that allows monitoring of molecular events associated to tumour progression in histological or cytological specimens may improve the detection of lesions with higher risk of progression. In the present article we review on molecular and potential biomarkers that interfere in the pathophysiology of disease and their possible role in screening and diagnosis of cervical cancer.
Formation of oceanic crust within the Andrew Bain fault zone of the Southwest Indian ridge (Petrological and geochemical data)
Authors: Sushchevskya N. M. , Scherbakov V. D. , Peive A. A. , Dubinin E. P. , Belyatsky B. V. , Zhilkina A. V.
Published: July 2024

A petrogeochemical study of basalts (lithophile elements and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes, compositions of liquidus olivine and spinel) from the transition zone of the Southwest Indian Ridge in the area of the Du Toit and Andrew Bain faults revealed significant differences in their composition. Within the rift valley adjacent to the faults, tholeiites enriched in Na and depleted in Fe (Na-TOR genetic type) are typical. Deep-type basalts (TOR-1) are present in the western side of the Andrew Bain Fault. The outpouring of these types of magmas reflects a possible change in geodynamic regime during this zone formation: from deeper and higher temperature melting to shallower ones (Sushchevskaya et al., 2022).
Differences in the primary melts of tholeiites from the rift valley and the Andrew Bain Transform Fault are also traced in the liquidus olivine compositions. The rift valley olivines are similar to typical Na-TOR olivines with a Mg content of Fo88–87, low Ni and elevated Mn. On the contrary, tholeiite olivines of the Andrew Bain Fault are enriched in Ni and depleted in Mn, which may indicate pyroxenite included in the primary melt formation. This component is either oceanic lithosphere recycled through the deep mantle or fragments of previously formed oceanic crust, which are subsequently involved in melting during the spreading axes jumping. A similar process is typical for the region of the Bouvet Triple Junction, where a significant heterogeneity of the olivine composition in terms of trace-element contents was revealed.
The isotope characteristics of the Andrew Bain Fault tholeiites differ in Pb and Sr radiogenic composition and are similar to those of enriched magmas from such Indian Ocean rises as Crozet, Marion and Bouvet, but not from the Konrad and Af. Nikitin Rises. The source of such tholeiite melts is close in composition to the model HIMU type (with high U/Pb), possibly with an admixture of mantle material with EMII characteristics (with elevated Rb/Sr).
Major, volatile, ore, and trace elements in magmatic melts from main geodynamic settings.
II. Similarity and differences
Authors: Naumov V. B. , Girnis A. V. , Dorofeeva V. A.
Published: July 2024

Based on the mean contents of elements and their standard deviations estimated in the first part of this research project (Naumov et al, 2022), we compared in detail the distinguished geodynamic settings. In order to compare the compositions of mafic melts, a correction to take into account changes related to the fractionation of main minerals was introduced. The use of numerical criteria made it possible to determine the sequence of elements by the degree of coherence during melting and crystallization of the main magmatic melts. Within this sequence, a regular variation in elemental contents normalized to the average composition of oceanic island melts was established. The melts of mid-ocean ridges show a monotonous increase in normalized contents from the most incompatible (Cs, Ba, U, La, etc.) to compatible elements (Sc, Ni, Cr). The settings of convergent plate boundaries show relative enrichment in the most incompatible elements and significant negative Ta-Nb anomalies relative to neighboring elements. The magmas of continental rifts show the highest enrichment in the most incompatible elements, as well as Pb, Li, and some other elements. Indicator element ratios showing significant variations between the settings were distinguished for mafic melts. Some element ratios are almost identical (within observed variations) in mafic melts from all the settings. The mean element ratios in mafic, intermediate, and silicic magmas show three types of behavior. Some ratios (including the canonic ratios Nb/Ta, Zr/Hf, etc.) in intermediate and silicic magmas are inherited from the composition of mafic melts. Some ratios show irregular changes from mafic to silicic melts (Sr/Cr, F/Th, etc.). There are ratios that changes monotonously and significantly in the sequence from mafic to silicic melts (Ni/Yb, Lu/P, etc.). The variations of element ratios are related to the crystallization differentiation of melts and contributions of geochemically contrasting reservoirs.
Peritectic reaction of olivine in the diamond-forming system carbonate-silicate-(C-O-H) at 6 GPa
Authors: Kuzyura A. V. , Spivak A. V. , Litvin Yu. A.
Published: July 2024

Influence of the supercritical C-O-H-fluid (7.5 wt.%) onto melting phase relations of the multicomponent multiphase diamond-forming system olivine-jadeite-diopside-(Mg-Fe-Ca-Na-carbonates)-(C-O-H) in experiments at 6 GPa and 700–1200 °C (the upper mantle conditions) has been studied. The peritectic reaction of olivine and jadeite-bearing melt with garnet formation has been retained as a key mechanism of the ultrabasic-basic evolution of diamond-forming melts. The CO2-fluid and silicate components react forming carbonate phases. The H2O-fluid together with carbonates has essentially lowered temperatures of the liquidus and solidus boundaries. The phase of supercritical water fluid and water-bearing carbonate nesquehonite (Nes) MgCO3·3H2O were identified with the Raman-spectroscopy method after crystallization of the completely mixed silicate-carbonate-(C-O-H-fluid) melt.
Provenance changes of the holocene deposits of Oga and Tsivolki bays (Novaya Zemlya archipelago) according to SR, ND, PB isotope data
Authors: Vishnevskaya I. A. , Kostitsyn Y. A. , Okuneva T. G. , Soloshenko N. G.
Published: July 2024

The paper is devoted to the Sr-, Nd-, Pb-isotope data obtained for two cores of bottom sediments taken in the Oga and Tsivolki bays of the Severny Island of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago. The studied sequence of sediments from Oga Bay has been accumulated over the last thousand years. The 87Sr/86Sr ratio decreases from top to bottom down the section from 0.72225 to 0.71995, the value of εNd varies from –6.1 to –5.5. The Pb isotopic composition varies within narrow limits: the 206Pb/204Pb ratio from 19.107 to 19.139, the 207Pb/204Pb ratio from 15.632 to 15.635, and the 208Pb/204Pb ratio from 38.568 to 38.635. A rapid decrease in the 87Sr/86Sr ratio at a relatively stable neodymium and lead isotope composition indicates a change in the source of the clastogenic material. This can be explained by the fact that the material of the destruction of Permian clay shales, and then the Devonian-Silurian sedimentary carbonates, first entered the area of glacier abrasion and further, respectively, into the sedimentation zone.
The sediment column from the Tsivolki Bay was formed over a little more than 10 thousand years. Based on the Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope ratios, these bottom sediments are divided into lower and upper parts: before and after 150 cm (or ~3500 years). In the lower part of the column, the 87Sr/86Sr ratio increases from 0.72055 to 0.72580, the value of εNd remains approximately the same and varies around –8.2. In the upper part, the 87Sr/86Sr ratio drops to 0.72049 in the near-surface layer; at the same time, the value of εNd increases to –6.4. At the boundary of these two units, the 206Pb/204Pb ratio abruptly changes from about 18.0 in the lower part to 19.3 in the upper part and 208Pb/204Pb from about 36.5 in the lower part to 38.7 in the upper part of the section. The change in the Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope characteristics is likely a reflection of changes in the composition of the rocks in the area where the basin was removed, which is now being eroded by the glacier.
Comparison with modern sources supplying clastic material to the Kara Sea showed that the material inputs the Oga and Tsivolki bays only from Novaya Zemlya.
The new “old” values of the Latin American right and the struggle for influence
Authors: Diakova Liudmila V.
Published: July 2024

In recent years, the popularity of politicians and political parties in Latin America has been growing, ready on a long-term basis to defend the clearly expressed values of right-wing ideology, which are filled with new content in their rhetoric. One of the prerequisites of this phenomenon is the fact that in times of crisis, against the background of the increasing influence of left-wing radicals, with massive disappointment in the activities of centrists, they advocate the integrity of society, defend the importance of its national interests (political, economic, social). The ideological guidelines of the right, conditioned by both traditional approaches and specific risks existing in some countries, practical work, and the social base, are urgent problems that are considered in this article on the example of three leaders of the "new right wave" — J.A.Kast, N.Bukele and J.Milei.
Low-carbon development strategy and climate regulation instruments in Brazil
Authors: Ershov Dmitry N.
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes the development of Brazilian government priorities in the field of low-carbon development and climate regulation. Brazil's climate goals for 2025 and 2030, presented in the Nationally Determined Contributions as part of its participation in the Paris Climate Agreement are reviewed. The facts of partial transformation of climate goals depending on a change in political leadership are pointed out. The main documents and climate aspects of the development of the renewable energy, industry and agriculture in the context of underdeveloped climate finance instruments are briefly described. Positive changes have been noted that have been taking place in the country since 2023 after a change in political course as a result of President Lula da Silva coming to the post of head of state. It is concluded that Brazil has good prospects for low-carbon development, taking into account the structure of the energy matrix and the emerging favorable conditions for the influx of foreign investment.
Franchising in Central America and the Caribbean: big success for small countries
Authors: Berdin Alexandr E. , Berdina Marina Yu.
Published: July 2024

The Latin American market is of great interest for international business and franchising, both for foreign investors and for national companies that do business abroad. The region under consideration is a kind of kaleidoscope of countries that vary greatly in level of economic development, size of territory and peculiarities of doing business. The article takes as a basis specific countries of the region — the smallest states of the Caribbean and Central America - in order to emphasize the fact that franchising business is widespread not only in developed and promising developing countries, but also in tropical island “oases”. A significant portion of all franchise concepts in Central America and the Caribbean are American. The main area of development of this business in the region is the service sector, especially fast food enterprises and hotels.
The Argentinean odyssey of a Russian maximalist. Some touches from the biography of Boris German
Authors: Jeifets Victor L. , Jeifets Lazar S.
Published: July 2024

Taking the case of the destiny of the Russian Revolutionary Boris Vladimirovich German, the authors reconstruct some episodes in the history of the revolutionary movement at the end of XIXth and early XXth centuries in Russia and Argentina. The outcomes of the study refute the myth about the “first husband of Nadezhda Krupskaya”and reveal the attitude of the Comintern toward Boris German. The article is based on the documents of the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History and the Central State Archive of Historical and Political Documents of Saint-Peterburg.