bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SPECIFIC NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL DYSFUNCTIONS OF A PATIENT WITH FIRST-ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA AND COMORBID WHITE MATTER DAMAGE
Authors: Krukow Paweł , Jonak Kamil , Morylowska-Topolska Justyna , Karakula-Juchnowicz Hanna
Published: August 2017

[b]Background: [/b]Contemporary research on the neurobiological determinants of schizophrenia is focused on the role of white matter abnormalities, studied mainly at the cellular level using Diffusion Tensor Imaging. At the same time, there are few reports on the effects of white matter damage that can be visualized in a typical MRI scan, on the brain function of schizophrenic patients. The aim of this study was to identify the specific features of the neuropsychological and neurophysiological functioning of a female patient with first-onset schizophrenia and comorbid white matter damage, which discriminated her from a healthy control and from a patient with an identical psychiatric diagnosis, but having no structural brain changes seen in an MRI scan. Identification of those features may help understand the role of subcortical brain dysfunctions in the aetiology and clinical picture of schizophrenia. [b]Case study:[/b]The investigation encompassed clinical, neuropsychological and neurophysiological assessment of two schizophrenic patients, of whom one had comorbid white matter damage imaged by structural MRI, and a healthy control. A number of areas of cognitive functioning were examined, including the speed of information processing and executive and memory functions. The study was conducted using EEG coherence analysis, power spectral density, and energy evaluation of neuronal activity with the Matching Pursuit algorithm.[b]Results: [/b]The study showed that, despite the fact that there were no differences in the psychopathological pictures of the schizophrenic patients, the neuropsychological and neurophysiological differences between them were substantial and related to the profile of cognitive impairments and the specific features of the brain function of the patient with abnormalities in the white matter: that patient’s EEG showed discoherence in the anterior part of the brain, reduced diversity of the dominant frequency of neuronal activity, and pathologically increased energy parameters for low-frequency bands. [b]Conclusions: [/b]Comorbidity of white matter damage with schizophrenia has a potentially significant effect on cerebral activity giving rise to specific information processing deficits. Further research in this area should be conducted with a view to determining biomarkers of mental diseases and improving the validity of clinical psychiatric diagnosis.
A cidade do Rio de Janeiro e a construção do Aeroporto Santos Dumont (1933-1938)
Authors: Fay Claudia Musa
Published: August 2017

A cidade do Rio de Janeiro da década de 1930 foi marcada por intervenções urbanas, como a construção do Aeroporto Santos Dumont, objeto de estudo deste artigo, que focaliza seu projeto e sua localização. Situado na ponta do Calabouço, a poucos minutos do centro da cidade, mereceu um debate na imprensa que despertou o interesse de vários setores. O objetivo foi analisar as repercussões da obra para a cidade, confrontando a posição dos técnicos do Departamento de Aviação Civil com o plano idealizado pelo urbanista francês Alfred Agache.
Mapeando o Pouso Frio: dinâmicas de construção de um bairro na cidade de Toledo/PR
Authors: Pereira Maria Cristina de Castro
Published: August 2017

 

Este artigo descreve e problematiza o processo histórico de constituição de um bairro – o Pouso Frio – na cidade de Toledo, Oeste do Paraná, a partir da década de 1940. Inicialmente uma área de ocupação, esse espaço foi construído por diferentes sujeitos, em sua maioria, vindos do Norte do Paraná, São Paulo, Minas Gerais e Paraguai, ocultados na História Oficial elaborada para o município. Nas primeiras décadas em que viveram no bairro, enfrentaram o medo sempre presente de perder seus parcos investimentos em terrenos sem escrituração. Ainda conviveram, por exemplo, com a ausência de energia elétrica, da água encanada, do transporte público e da rede de esgoto. Os diálogos estabelecidos com moradores do Pouso Frio permitiram delinear um conjunto de trajetórias e expectativas que os aproximaram e os uniram na luta por melhores condições de moradia e acesso à cidade.
Um futuro alternativo para São Paulo: Anhaia Mello e a tese da limitação do crescimento da metrópole
Authors: Zorek Bruno De Macedo
Published: August 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um ponto de vista alternativo sobre o futuro de São Paulo que, em função de uma série de transformações enfrentadas pela metrópole na década de 1950, acabou servindo como ponte para a inversão dos valores hegemônicos em relação ao crescimento da cidade. Esse ponto de vista alternativo foi encarnado fundamentalmente pelo urbanista Luís de Anhaia Mello, que desenhava uma São Paulo polinucleada, com cinturões verdes em torno de cada núcleo populacional e com sua população, sua indústria, seus serviços redistribuídos de forma descentralizada por um amplo território. Como guia condutor da análise, o artigo segue um documento específico, produzido em 1954 por Anhaia Mello, em que ele descreve, de maneira clara, o que imaginava dever ser o futuro da cidade. Através desse documento, procura-se acompanhar a transformação simbólica que fez a metrópole de 400 anos deixar de ser uma promessa de sucesso e passar a ser encarada como uma cidade condenada ao caos.
Vida e morte sujam a urbe moralizada: latidos, mugidos, higienismo e os jornais diamantinenses (virada dos séculos XIX/XX)
Authors: Lopes Gustavo Leandro “Nassar” Gouvea
Published: August 2017

Analiso aqui qual intervenção o higienismo, advogado pela imprensa diamantinense da virada dos séculos XIX/XX, implicava a presença de animais não-humanos nessa cidade mineira. Um possível paradoxo se revela. Se de um lado, antevendo-se essa vida animal como imunda, o higienismo propunha torná-la alvo de práticas proscritivas até o limite do extermínio, de outro, a negativa higienista frente ao sangue derramado na cidade tendia a condenar essa matança, aparentemente redimindo moralmente essa vida. Qual denominador comum justifica esse impasse que condena ambos princípios da vida animal e da morte na cidade? Ciente de que seres humanos (mediante a prominência da imprensa) constroem suas relações amarrados às teias de significados que eles mesmos teceram, analiso o substrato comum a essas representações, aproximando-me das abordagens da Nova História Cultural. Tal foco, todavia, não deve prescindir de uma análise contextual das relações humananimais ontológicas, voltada à concretude dos animais não-humanos, a partir das suas intermediações materiais com seres humanos – empreendendo-se um trânsito crítico entre tais dimensões analíticas.
Key Design Considerations Using a Cohort Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomised Trial in Evaluating Community-Based Interventions: Lessons Learnt from an Australian Domiciliary Aged Care Intervention Evaluation
Authors: Mohebbi Mohammadreza , Sanagou Masoumeh , Ottmann Goetz
Published: August 2017

The ‘stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial’ (SW-CRT) harbours promise when for ethical or practical reasons the recruitment of a control group is not possible or when a staggered implementation of an intervention is required. Yet SW-CRT designs can create considerable challenges in terms of methodological integration, implementation, and analysis. While cross-sectional methods in participants recruitment of the SW-CRT have been discussed in the literature the cohort method is a novel feature that has not been considered yet. This paper provides a succinct overview of the methodological, analytical, and practical aspects of cohort SW-CRTs. We discuss five issues that are of special relevance to SW-CRTs. First, issues relating to the design, secondly size of clusters and sample size; thirdly, dealing with missing data in the fourth place analysis; and finally, the advantages and disadvantages of SW-CRTs are considered. An Australian study employing a cohort SW-CRT to evaluate a domiciliary aged care intervention is used as case study. The paper concludes that the main advantage of the cohort SW-CRT is that the intervention rolls out to all participants. There are concerns about missing a whole cluster, and difficulty of completing clusters in a given time frame due to involvement frail older people. Cohort SW-CRT designs can be successfully used within public health and health promotion context. However, careful planning is required to accommodate methodological, analytical, and practical challenges.
Perceptions of Scholarly Communication Among Library and Information Studies Students
Authors: Hollister Christopher
Published: August 2017

INTRODUCTION Professional discourse concerning scholarly communication (SC) suggests a broad consensus that this is a burgeoning functional area in academic libraries. The transformed research lifecycle and the corresponding changes in copyright applications, publishing models, and open access policies have generated unprecedented opportunities for innovative library engagement with the academy and its researchers. Accordingly, the roles for librarians have shifted to accommodate new responsibilities. Previous research on SC librarianship is mainly focused on the provision of services, administrative structures, and the analysis of relevant job descriptions. Little has been written regarding the implications of SC on the preparation of new library professionals, and no research has been produced on the relative perspectives of library students. METHOD The author surveyed MLIS students who were completing semester-long courses on SC at three universities to elicit their perceptions of that subject matter in terms of their library education and career pathways. RESULTS All respondents qualified SC as interesting and important subject matter, and a majority indicated relevance to their professional pursuits. Student perspectives are given on the viability of SC librarianship and the perceived bearing of this specialty area in different types of libraries. DISCUSSION Survey data suggests a possible correlation between SC courses and relative career appeal. The data may warrant attention among MLIS curriculum planners, given the academy’s recognition of the need for SC specialists. CONCLUSION The transformed research lifecycle necessitates new professional competencies for library practitioners. Implications for library education are discussed, and areas for future research are proposed.
Simulated bacterial infection disrupts the circadian fluctuation of immune cells in wrinkle-lipped bats (Chaerephon plicatus)
Authors: Weise Philipp , Czirják Gábor A. , Lindecke Oliver , Bumrungsri Sara , Voigt Christian C.
Published: August 2017

Background

Leukocyte concentrations follow a circadian pattern in mammals, with elevated values at times of potential contact with pathogens and parasites. We hypothesized that this pattern is disturbed after an immune challenge.

Methods

In Thailand, we captured wrinkle-lipped bats (Chaerephon plicatus), when they returned to their colony at dawn. We challenged half of the animals (experimental group) with bacterial lipopolysaccharides and treated the others only with the carrier liquid (control group). We then compared body mass changes and differences in circulating immune cell counts at 8 h post-treatment.

Results

In experimental animals, we observed an increase in total leukocyte and neutrophil numbers of 17% and 95%, respectively. In control animals, concentrations of leukocytes decreased by 44% and those of neutrophils remained constant. Experimental treatment had no effect on lymphocytes, yet changes in eosinophil numbers were explained by sex. Eosinophils decreased by 66% in females and by 62% in males. Basophils and monocytes were rarest among all observed cell types and analysis was either impossible because of low numbers or yielded no significant effects, respectively.

Discussion

Our findings show that a simulated bacterial infection triggered a neutrophil-associated immune response in wrinkle-lipped bats, indicating a disruption of the diurnal fluctuation of immune cells. Our study suggests that bats exhibit circadian rhythms in immune cell counts. The magnitude of these fluctuations may vary across species according to specific-specific infection risks associated with colony sizes or specific roosting habits.
Studying primate cognition in a social setting to improve validity and welfare: a literature review highlighting successful approaches
Authors: Cronin Katherine A. , Jacobson Sarah L. , Bonnie Kristin E. , Hopper Lydia M.
Published: August 2017

Background

Studying animal cognition in a social setting is associated with practical and statistical challenges. However, conducting cognitive research without disturbing species-typical social groups can increase ecological validity, minimize distress, and improve animal welfare. Here, we review the existing literature on cognitive research run with primates in a social setting in order to determine how widespread such testing is and highlight approaches that may guide future research planning.

Survey Methodology

Using Google Scholar to search the terms “primate” “cognition” “experiment” and “social group,” we conducted a systematic literature search covering 16 years (2000–2015 inclusive). We then conducted two supplemental searches within each journal that contained a publication meeting our criteria in the original search, using the terms “primate” and “playback” in one search and the terms “primate” “cognition” and “social group” in the second. The results were used to assess how frequently nonhuman primate cognition has been studied in a social setting (>3 individuals), to gain perspective on the species and topics that have been studied, and to extract successful approaches for social testing.

Results

Our search revealed 248 unique publications in 43 journals encompassing 71 species. The absolute number of publications has increased over years, suggesting viable strategies for studying cognition in social settings. While a wide range of species were studied they were not equally represented, with 19% of the publications reporting data for chimpanzees. Field sites were the most common environment for experiments run in social groups of primates, accounting for more than half of the results. Approaches to mitigating the practical and statistical challenges were identified.

Discussion

This analysis has revealed that the study of primate cognition in a social setting is increasing and taking place across a range of environments. This literature review calls attention to examples that may provide valuable models for researchers wishing to overcome potential practical and statistical challenges to studying cognition in a social setting, ultimately increasing validity and improving the welfare of the primates we study.
Crystal structure of lpg1832, a VirK family protein from Legionella pneumophila, reveals a novel fold for bacterial VirK proteins
Authors: Zhang Nannan , Yin Shiyan , Liu Shan , Sun Aihong , Zhou Mingxue , Gong Xiaojian , Ge Honghua
Published: August 2017

VirK family [Pfam06903] consists of 14 bacterial VirK proteins of around 145 residues in length. The function of this family is unknown. Herein, using single‐wavelength anomalous diffraction, we determined the crystal structure of lpg1832, a VirK family protein from Legionella pneumophila, at 2.0 Å resolution. This is the first structural determination of a VirK domain‐containing protein. Lpg1832 is a type II secretion system‐dependent extracellular protein that folds into a novel barrel‐shaped structure. It is found to adopt a quaternary assembly comprising a homotetramer. The three‐dimensional structure of lpg1832 provides the first structural information pertaining to the VirK family and allows us to possibly identify its functionally important regions.
Physiological levels of formate activate mitochondrial superoxide/hydrogen peroxide release from mouse liver mitochondria
Authors: Young Adrian , Gardiner Danielle , Brosnan Margaret E. , Brosnan John T. , Mailloux Ryan J.
Published: August 2017

Here, we found that formate, an essential one‐carbon metabolite, activates superoxide ()/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) release from mitochondria. Sodium formate (30 μm) induces a significant increase in /H2O2 production in liver mitochondria metabolizing pyruvate (50 μm). At concentrations deemed to be toxic, formate does not increase /H2O2 production further. It was observed that the formate‐mediated increase in /H2O2 production is not associated with cytochrome c oxidase (COX) inhibition or changes in membrane potential and NAD(P)H levels. Sodium formate supplementation increases phosphorylating respiration without altering proton leaks. Finally, it was observed that the 2‐oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) inhibitors 3‐methyl‐2‐oxovaleric acid (KMV) and CPI‐613 inhibit the formate‐induced increase in pyruvate‐driven ROS production. The importance of these findings in one‐carbon metabolism and physiology are discussed herein.
VLF modal interference distance and nighttime D region VLF reflection height for west‐east and east‐west propagation paths to Fiji
Authors: Chand Atishnal Elvin , Kumar Sushil
Published: August 2017

Very low frequency (VLF) signals from navigational transmitters propagate through the Earth‐ionosphere waveguide formed by the Earth and the lower conducting ionosphere and show the pronounced minima during solar terminator transition between transmitter and receiver. Pronounced amplitude minima observed on 19.8 kHz (NWC transmitter) and 24.8 kHz (NLK transmitter) signals recorded at Suva (18.149°S, 178.446°E), Fiji, during 2013–2014, have been used to estimate the VLF modal interference distance (DMS) and nighttime D region VLF reflection height (hN). The NWC transmitter signal propagates mostly in west‐east direction, and the NLK transmitter follows a transequatorial path propagating significantly in the east‐west direction. The values of DMS calculated using midpath terminator speed are 2103 ± 172 km and 2507 ± 373 km for these paths having west‐east and east‐west components of VLF subionospheric propagation, respectively, which agree with previously published results and within 10% with theoretical values. We have also compared the DMS estimated using a terminator time method with that calculated using terminator speed for a particular day and found both the values to be consistent. The hN values were found to be maximum during winter of Southern Hemisphere for NWC signal and winter of Northern Hemisphere for NLK signal VLF propagation paths to Suva. The hN also shows significant day‐to‐day and seasonal variabilities with a maximum of about 10 km and 23 km for NWC and NLK signal propagation paths, respectively, which could be due to the atmospheric gravity waves associated with solar terminator transition, as well as meteorological factors such as strong lightnings.
Going electric: Incorporating marine electromagnetism into ocean assimilation models
Authors: Schnepf N. R.
Published: August 2017

Having a clear multidimensional picture of Earth's oceans is crucial for understanding ocean processes and how they are evolving with climate change. Ocean knowledge is currently limited by relying on in situ data. A possible source of remote data is using the electromagnetic fields produced by the ocean and detected by geomagnetic satellites. Marine electromagnetic signals largely depend on three factors: oceanic transport, the local main magnetic field, and the electrical conductivity produced by the local salinity and temperature. Thus, how can marine electromagnetic signals be utilized to enhance the multidimensional picture of Earth's ocean circulation and state?
Enrichment of dissolved silica in the deep equatorial Pacific during the Eocene‐Oligocene
Authors: Fontorbe Guillaume , Frings Patrick J. , De La Rocha Christina L. , Hendry Katharine R. , Carstensen Jacob , Conley Daniel J.
Published: August 2017

Silicon isotope ratios (expressed as δ30Si) in marine microfossils can provide insights into silica cycling over geologic time. Here we used δ30Si of sponge spicules and radiolarian tests from the Paleogene Equatorial Transect (Ocean Drilling Program Leg 199) spanning the Eocene and Oligocene (~50–23 Ma) to reconstruct dissolved silica (DSi) concentrations in deep waters and to examine upper ocean δ30Si. The δ30Si values range from −3.16 to +0.18‰ and from −0.07 to +1.42‰ for the sponge and radiolarian records, respectively. Both records show a transition toward lower δ30Si values around 37 Ma. The shift in radiolarian δ30Si is interpreted as a consequence of changes in the δ30Si of source DSi to the region. The decrease in sponge δ30Si is interpreted as a transition from low DSi concentrations to higher DSi concentrations, most likely related to the shift toward a solely Southern Ocean source of deep water in the Pacific during the Paleogene that has been suggested by results from paleoceanographic tracers such as neodymium and carbon isotopes. Sponge δ30Si provides relatively direct information about the nutrient content of deep water and is a useful complement to other tracers of deep water circulation in the oceans of the past.
Revisiting the horizontal redistribution of water in soils: Experiments and numerical modeling
Authors: Zhuang L. , Hassanizadeh S. M. , Kleingeld P. J. , van Genuchten M.Th.
Published: August 2017

A series of experiments and related numerical simulations were carried out to study one‐dimensional water redistribution processes in an unsaturated soil. A long horizontal Plexiglas box was packed as homogenously as possible with sand. The sandbox was divided into two sections using a very thin metal plate, with one section initially fully saturated and the other section only partially saturated. Initial saturation in the dry section was set to 0.2, 0.4, or 0.6 in three different experiments. Redistribution between the wet and dry sections started as soon as the metal plate was removed. Changes in water saturation at various locations along the sandbox were measured as a function of time using a dual‐energy gamma system. Also, air and water pressures were measured using two different kinds of tensiometers at various locations as a function of time. The saturation discontinuity was found to persist during the entire experiments, while observed water pressures were found to become continuous immediately after the experiments started. Two models, the standard Richards equation and an interfacial area model, were used to simulate the experiments. Both models showed some deviations between the simulated water pressures and the measured data at early times during redistribution. The standard model could only simulate the observed saturation distributions reasonably well for the experiment with the lowest initial water saturation in the dry section. The interfacial area model could reproduce observed saturation distributions of all three experiments, albeit by fitting one of the parameters in the surface area production term.
Spectral model for long‐term computation of thermodynamics and potential evaporation in shallow wetlands
Authors: de la Fuente Alberto , Meruane Carolina
Published: August 2017

Altiplanic wetlands are unique ecosystems located in the elevated plateaus of Chile, Argentina, Peru, and Bolivia. These ecosystems are under threat due to changes in land use, groundwater extractions, and climate change that will modify the water balance through changes in precipitation and evaporation rates. Long‐term prediction of the fate of aquatic ecosystems imposes computational constraints that make finding a solution impossible in some cases. In this article, we present a spectral model for long‐term simulations of the thermodynamics of shallow wetlands in the limit case when the water depth tends to zero. This spectral model solves for water and sediment temperature, as well as heat, momentum, and mass exchanged with the atmosphere. The parameters of the model (water depth, thermal properties of the sediments, and surface albedo) and the atmospheric downscaling were calibrated using the MODIS product of the land surface temperature. Moreover, the performance of the daily evaporation rates predicted by the model was evaluated against daily pan evaporation data measured between 1964 and 2012. The spectral model was able to correctly represent both seasonal fluctuation and climatic trends observed in daily evaporation rates. It is concluded that the spectral model presented in this article is a suitable tool for assessing the global climate change effects on shallow wetlands whose thermodynamics is forced by heat exchanges with the atmosphere and modulated by the heat‐reservoir role of the sediments.
Entropy‐based critical reaction time for mixing‐controlled reactive transport
Authors: Chiogna Gabriele , Rolle Massimo
Published: August 2017

Entropy‐based metrics, such as the dilution index, have been proposed to quantify dilution and reactive mixing in solute transport problems. In this work, we derive the transient advection dispersion equation for the entropy density of a reactive plume. We restrict our analysis to the case where the concentration distribution of the transported species is Gaussian and we observe that, even in case of an instantaneous complete bimolecular reaction, dilution caused by dispersive processes dominates the entropy balance at early times and results in the net increase of the entropy density of a reactive species. Successively, the entropy of the reactant decreases until it vanishes. We show the existence of a unique critical value of dilution, which corresponds to the complete consumption of one of the reactants. This critical dilution index is independent of advective and dispersive processes, and depends only on the dimensionality of the problem, on the stoichiometry of the reaction and on the initial concentrations of the reactants. Furthermore, we provide simple analytical expressions to compute the critical reaction time, i.e., the time at which the critical dilution index is reached, for selected flow configurations. Our results show that, differently from the critical dilution index, the critical reaction time depends on solute transport processes such as advection and hydrodynamic dispersion.
Modeling sediment transport with an integrated view of the biofilm effects
Authors: Fang H. W. , Lai H. J. , Cheng W. , Huang L. , He G. J.
Published: August 2017

Most natural sediment is invariably covered by biofilms in reservoirs and lakes, which have significant influence on bed form dynamics and sediment transport, and also play a crucial role in natural river evolution, pollutant transport, and habitat changes. However, most models for sediment transport are based on experiments using clean sediments without biological materials. In this study, a three‐dimensional mathematical model of hydrodynamics and sediment transport is presented with a comprehensive consideration of the biofilm effects. The changes of the bed resistance mainly due to the different bed form dynamics of the biofilm‐coated sediment (biosediment), which affect the hydrodynamic characteristics, are considered. Moreover, the variations of parameters related to sediment transport after the biofilm growth are integrated, including the significant changes of the incipient velocity, settling velocity, reference concentration, and equilibrium bed load transport rate. The proposed model is applied to evaluate the effects of biofilms on the hydrodynamic characteristics and sediment transport in laboratory experiments. Results indicate that the mean velocity increases after the biofilm growth, and the turbulence intensity near the river bed decreases under the same flow condition. Meanwhile, biofilm inhibits sediment from moving independently. Thus, the moderate erosion is observed for biosediment resulting in smaller suspended sediment concentrations. The proposed model can reasonably reflect these sediment transport characteristics with biofilms, and the approach to integration of the biological impact could also be used in other modeling of sediment transport, which can be further applied to provide references for the integrated management of natural aqueous systems.
The impact of conventional space‐time aggregation on the dynamics of continuous‐time rainfall
Authors: Sansom John , Bulla Jan , Carey‐Smith Trevor , Thomson Peter
Published: August 2017

Rainfall is a continuous‐time phenomenon typically characterized by precipitation states such as rain, showers, and dry whose dependence varies over a variety of space‐time scales. Here attention is focused on the effective identification of rain and shower precipitation states over a region where these states have been determined by a hidden semi‐Markov model of continuous‐time precipitation. The states identified provide an accurate description of precipitation dynamics and can be regarded as close proxies to synoptic weather types of the same name. The stochastic properties and structure of these states (rather than precipitation amounts) are explored and delineated. A primary objective of the paper is to better understand the impact of conventional space‐time aggregation on the dynamics of rainfall. What aggregation time scales result in more faithful descriptions of the space‐time dynamics of continuous‐time rainfall? While rain might be expected to be more spatially coherent than showers and involve longer time scales, dry periods involve much longer time and space scales again than either rain or showers. These issues are discussed and conclusions drawn which provide guidance and insights useful for the development of space‐time precipitation models and, more generally, the design of rainfall observation networks and data archives.
Heightened male aggression toward sexualized women following romantic rejection: The mediating role of sex goal activation
Authors: Blake Khandis R. , Bastian Brock , Denson Thomas F.
Published: August 2017

Research from a variety of disciplines suggests a positive relationship between Western cultural sexualization and women's likelihood of suffering harm. In the current experiment, 157 young men were romantically rejected by a sexualized or non‐sexualized woman then given the opportunity to blast the woman with loud bursts of white noise. We tested whether the activation of sexual goals in men would mediate the relationship between sexualization and aggressive behavior after romantic rejection. We also tested whether behaving aggressively toward a woman after romantic rejection would increase men's feelings of sexual dominance. Results showed that interacting with a sexualized woman increased men's sex goals. Heightened sex goal activation, in turn, predicted increased aggression after romantic rejection. This result remained significant despite controlling for the effects of trait aggressiveness and negative affect. The findings suggest that heightened sex goal activation may lead men to perpetrate aggression against sexualized women who reject them.
Dosimetric and radiobiological comparison for quality assurance of IMRT and VMAT plans
Authors: Paudel Nava Raj , Narayanasamy Ganesh , Han Eun Young , Penagaricano Jose , Mavroidis Panayiotis , Zhang Xin , Pyakuryal Anil , Kim Dongwook , Liang Xiaoying , Morrill Steven
Published: August 2017

Introduction

The gamma analysis used for quality assurance of a complex radiotherapy plan examines the dosimetric equivalence between planned and measured dose distributions within some tolerance. This study explores whether the dosimetric difference is correlated with any radiobiological difference between delivered and planned dose.

Methods

VMAT or IMRT plans optimized for 14 cancer patients were calculated and delivered to a QA device. Measured dose was compared against planned dose using 2‐D gamma analysis. Dose volume histograms (for various patient structures) obtained by interpolating measured data were compared against the planned ones using a 3‐D gamma analysis. Dose volume histograms were used in the Poisson model to calculate tumor control probability for the treatment targets and in the Sigmoid dose–response model to calculate normal tissue complication probability for the organs at risk.

Results

Differences in measured and planned dosimetric data for the patient plans passing at ≥94.9% rate at 3%/3 mm criteria are not statistically significant. Average ± standard deviation tumor control probabilities based on measured and planned data are 65.8±4.0% and 67.8±4.1% for head and neck, and 71.9±2.7% and 73.3±3.1% for lung plans, respectively. The differences in tumor control probabilities obtained from measured and planned dose are statistically insignificant. However, the differences in normal tissue complication probabilities for larynx, lungs‐GTV, heart, and cord are statistically significant for the patient plans meeting ≥94.9% passing criterion at 3%/3 mm.

Conclusion

A ≥90% gamma passing criterion at 3%/3 mm cannot assure the radiobiological equivalence between planned and delivered dose. These results agree with the published literature demonstrating the inadequacy of the criterion for dosimetric QA and suggest for a tighter tolerance.
Impact of Disease Severity, Illness Beliefs, and Coping Strategies on Outcomes in Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Howells Laura , Chisholm Anna , Cotterill Sarah , Chinoy Hector , Warren Richard B. , Bundy Christine
Published: August 2017

Objective

Little is known about how people with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) cope with and manage their condition, but data show that psychological problems are underrecognized and undertreated. The Common Sense Self‐Regulatory Model (CS‐SRM) suggests illness beliefs, mediated by coping, may influence health outcomes. The study aimed to investigate the roles of disease severity, illness beliefs, and coping strategies in predicting depression, anxiety, and quality of life (QoL) in people with PsA. Additionally, we aimed to assess the role of depression and anxiety in predicting QoL.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional observational study, where adults with PsA (n = 179) completed validated measures of predictor (illness beliefs, coping strategies, disease severity) and outcome variables (depression, anxiety, QoL) using an online survey distributed via social media.

Results

The participants were a community sample of 179 adults with PsA, ages 20 to 72 years (77.1% female). After controlling for disease severity, hierarchical multiple regression models indicated that more negative beliefs about consequences and behavioral disengagement as a coping method predicted levels of depression, and self‐blame predicted anxiety. Beliefs about consequences and the presence of depression predicted quality of life scores after controlling for disease severity.

Conclusion

This study offers support for the use of the CS‐SRM in explaining variation on psychological outcomes in individuals with PsA. The illness beliefs and coping strategies identified as predictors in this article are potential targets for interventions addressing PsA‐related distress and QoL.
A Review of Gold and Silver Nanoparticle‐Based Colorimetric Sensing Assays
Authors: Sabela Myalowenkosi , Balme Sebastien , Bechelany Mikhael , Janot Jean‐Marc , Bisetty Krishna
Published: August 2017

The nanoparticle colorimetric‐based methods have been extensively used for rapid detection, however there are few limitations which can be kept under control or avoided by understanding the crucial parameters involved in these reactions. This review addresses the main parameters that influence colorimetric‐based methods and provides a rational classification of the current approaches, by focusing particularly on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The AgNP and AuNP‐based colorimetric assays can be very efficient and sensitive especially for biomolecule identification and for metal ion detection in environmental screening. Specifically, this review highlights the detection of metal ions through their coordination with nanoparticle stabilizing ligands. The review also addresses various approaches based on label‐free aptasensors to better understand their role as smart colorimetric sensing devices.
A Single Droplet‐Printed Double‐Side Universal Soft Electronic Platform for Highly Integrated Stretchable Hybrid Electronics
Authors: Byun Junghwan , Oh Eunho , Lee Byeongmoon , Kim Sangwoo , Lee Seunghwan , Hong Yongtaek
Published: August 2017

Soft features in electronic devices have provided an opportunity of gleaning a wide spectrum of intimate biosignals. Lack of data processing tools in a soft form, however, proclaims the need of bulky wires or low‐performance near‐field communication externally linked to a “rigid” processor board, thus tarnishing the true meaning of “soft” electronics. Furthermore, although of rising interest in stretchable hybrid electronics, lack of consideration in multilayer, miniaturized design and system‐level data computing limits their practical use. The results presented here form the basis of fully printable, system‐level soft electronics for practical data processing and computing with advanced capabilities of universal circuit design and multilayer device integration into a single platform. Single droplet printing‐based integration of rigid islands and core–shell vertical interconnect access (via) into a common soft matrix with a symmetric arrangement leads to a double‐side universal soft electronic platform that features site‐selective, simultaneous double‐side strain isolation, and vertical interconnection, respectively. Systematic studies of island‐morphology engineering, surface‐strain mapping, and electrical analysis of the platform propose optimized designs. Commensurate with the universal layout, a complete example of double‐side integrated, stretchable 1 MHz binary decoders comprised of 36 logic gates interacting with 9 vias is demonstrated by printing‐based, double‐side electronic functionalization.
Truly Electroforming‐Free and Low‐Energy Memristors with Preconditioned Conductive Tunneling Paths
Authors: Yoon Jung Ho , Zhang Jiaming , Ren Xiaochen , Wang Zhongrui , Wu Huaqiang , Li Zhiyong , Barnell Mark , Wu Qing , Lauhon Lincoln J. , Xia Qiangfei , Yang J. Joshua
Published: August 2017

1S1R (1 selector and 1 memristor) is a laterally scalable and vertically stackable scheme that can lead to the ultimate memristor density for either memory or neural network applications. In such a scheme, the memristor device needs to be truly electroforming‐free and operated at both low currents and low voltages in order to be compatible with a two‐terminal selector. In this work, a new type of memristor with a preconditioned tunneling conductive path is developed to achieve the required performance characteristics, including truly electroforming‐free, low current below 30 µA (potentially <1 µA), and simultaneously low voltage ≈±0.7 V in switching operations. Such memristors are further integrated with two types of recently developed selectors to demonstrate the feasibility of 1S1R integration.
Strategic Construction of Directly Linked Porphyrin–BODIPY Hybrids
Authors: Xu Lei , Wen Bin , Kim Gakhyun , Kim Taeyeon , Cheng Fei , Zhou Mingbo , Xu Ling , Tanaka Takayuki , Yin Bangshao , Osuka Atsuhiro , Kim Dongho , Song Jianxin
Published: August 2017

A powerful and concise synthesis of directly linked porphyrin‐BODIPY hybrids has been demonstrated, which consists of condensation of directly linked meso‐pyrroyl NiII‐porphyrin with arylaldehyde, oxidation with p‐chloranil, and complexation with BF3⋅Et2O. Synthesized hybrids include porphyrin dimer 6Ni, trimers 8Ni, 9Ni, tetramer 12Ni, pentamer 16Ni, hexamer 13Ni, and nonamers 17Ni and 18Ni. The structures of 6Ni, 9Ni and 12Ni were unambiguously confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. Some NiII porphyrins were effectively converted to the corresponding ZnII porphryins. In these hybrids, the pigments are three‐dimensionally arranged with a face‐to‐face dimeric porphyrin unit in a well‐defined manner, featuring their potential as light‐harvesting antenna and functional hosts.
Octacyanidotungstate(IV) Coordination Chains Demonstrate a Light‐Induced Excited Spin State Trapping Behavior and Magnetic Exchange Photoswitching
Authors: Magott Michał , Stefańczyk Olaf , Sieklucka Barbara , Pinkowicz Dawid
Published: August 2017

A huge increase in the magnetization of two coordination chains based on tetravalent octacyanidometalates (WIV and MoIV) is observed on irradiation with 436 nm light, while no such behavior is observed for the NbIV analogue. A photomagnetic response based solely on [WIV(CN)8]4− is demonstrated for the first time. The observed behavior is attributed to the light‐induced excited spin state trapping (LIESST) effect at the octacyanidometalate, and to the resulting magnetic exchange ON/OFF photoswitching between the MnII center and the photoinduced high‐spin (S=1) WIV or MoIV centers.
Decacene: On‐Surface Generation
Authors: Krüger Justus , García Fátima , Eisenhut Frank , Skidin Dmitry , Alonso José M. , Guitián Enrique , Pérez Dolores , Cuniberti Gianaurelio , Moresco Francesca , Peña Diego
Published: August 2017

Acenes are intriguing molecules with unique electronic properties. The difficulties in their preparation owing to low stability under ambient conditions are apparent because successful syntheses of long unsubstituted acenes are still scarce, in spite of the great attention they have attracted. Only unsubstituted acenes up to heptacene have been isolated in bulk, with nonacene being the largest acene detected to date. Herein we use on‐surface assisted reduction of tetraepoxy decacene precursors on Au(111) as the key step to generate unprecedented decacene which is visualized and its electronic resonances studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS).
Commonalities and Differences Among Frames: A Unification Model
Authors: Seta John J. , Seta Catherine E. , McCormick Michael
Published: August 2017

We provide a review and a theoretically unifying model of framing effects. Beginning with a review of findings that prospect theory, fuzzy‐trace theory, and traditional dual process models do and do not explain, we develop a model of framing based partly on Bless and Schwarz's (2010) inclusion/exclusion model of assimilation and contrast. Our model is the first of its kind to be applied to all three valence framing manipulations and presents common mechanisms explaining findings in the framing literature that were previously difficult to conceptualize within a single theory (e.g., matching effects and cognitive effort). The model also accounts for why all three framing manipulations are influenced by differences between holistic/contextual versus analytic processing as well as the presence, absence, and direction of effects produced by different versions of framing manipulations. It also predicts contrast effects (Implications and Future Directions section) and applies to manipulations involving a frame and judgmental target. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic review of patient-reported outcome measures in patients with varicose veins
Authors: Aber A , Poku E , Phillips P , Essat M , Buckley Woods H , Palfreyman S , Kaltenthaler E , Jones G , Michaels J
Published: August 2017

Background

Varicose veins can affect quality of life. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) provide a direct report from the patient about the impact of the disease without interpretation from clinicians or anyone else. The aim of this study was to examine the quality of the psychometric evidence for PROMs used in patients with varicose veins.

Methods

A systematic review was undertaken to identify studies that reported the psychometric properties of generic and disease-specific PROMs in patients with varicose veins. Literature searches were conducted in databases including MEDLINE, up to July 2016. The psychometric criteria used to assess these studies were adapted from published recommendations in accordance with US Food and Drug Administration guidance.

Results

Nine studies were included which reported on aspects of the development and/or validation of one generic (36-Item Short Form Health Survey, SF-36®) and three disease-specific (Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire, AVVQ; Varicose Veins Symptoms Questionnaire, VVSymQ®; Specific Quality-of-life and Outcome Response – Venous, SQOR-V) PROMs. The evidence from included studies provided data to support the construct validity, test–retest reliability and responsiveness of the AVVQ. However, its content validity, including weighting of the AVVQ questions, was biased and based on the opinion of clinicians, and the instrument had poor acceptability. VVSymQ® displayed good responsiveness and acceptability rates. SF-36® was considered to have satisfactory responsiveness and internal consistency.

Conclusion

There is a scarcity of psychometric evidence for PROMs used in patients with varicose veins. These data suggest that AVVQ and SF-36® are the most rigorously evaluated PROMs in patients with varicose veins.
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Orchids (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Sut Stefania , Maggi Filippo , Dall'Acqua Stefano
Published: August 2017

The Orchidaceae family is the largest group of flowering plants in the Angiosperm monocotyledons spread on our planet. Its members, called orchids, are herbs or epiphytes with showy flowers distributed mainly in tropical regions. Several classes of phytoconstituents have been so far isolated from therapeutically‐used orchids showing a great chemical diversity. Among them, phenolic derivatives have been studied for their biological activities, especially in the field of cancer, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. On the other hand, limited information has been so far obtained on the numerous alkaloids and terpenoids isolated from several orchid species. Recent articles revealed pronounced effects of some alkaloids on the CNS. Published literature on orchids that are used in traditional medicine has been reviewed in this work indicating a great potential of such organisms as source of chemical entities for the development of new drugs.
Salcy‐Naphthalene Cobalt Complexes as Catalysts for the Synthesis of High Molecular Weight Polycarbonates
Authors: Viciano Mónica , Muñoz Bianca K. , Godard Cyril , Castillón Sergio , Reyes Manuel L. , García‐Ruiz Mónica , Claver Carmen
Published: August 2017

High molecular weight polypropylene carbonates were prepared by CO2/propylene oxide copolymerization catalyzed by salcy‐naphthalene cobalt complexes. The introduction of methyl groups in theorthoposition of naphthalene‐based salcy ligands and the catalyst loading in the presence of hexane as a co‐solvent were crucial to enhance the catalytic performance for the production of polycarbonates of high molecular weight.
Nanocrystal‐Assembled Porous Na3MgTi(PO4)3 Aggregates as Highly Stable Anode for Aqueous Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Fang , Li Wanfeng , Xiang Xingde , Sun Molong
Published: August 2017

Aqueous sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) represent a class of green electrochemical technology for large‐scale storage of sustainable energies such as wind power and solar radiation, owing to their low cost, environmental friendliness, and reliable safety. However, there is still lack of available anode materials for aqueous SIBs. Herein, nanocrystal‐assembled porous Na3MgTi(PO4)3 aggregates are reported as novel anode material for aqueous SIBs. The crystal structure, morphological features, and electrochemical properties have been analyzed with X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transition electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and charge/discharge measurements. As revealed, the material possesses a porous nanostructure composed of 5 nm nanocrystals and mesoporous channels. During Na‐insertion/extraction, it undergoes a one‐step single‐phase reaction mechanism through reversible electrochemistry of the Ti4+/Ti3+ redox couple, showing a rechargeable capacity of 54 mAh g−1 and an average working potential of −0.63 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) at 0.2 C. More importantly, good rate capacity (33 mAh g−1 at 4 C) and excellent cycling performance (94.2 % capacity retention after 100 cycles at 0.5 C) are achieved due to the unique porous nanostructure and robust compositional framework. The finding in this work would create new opportunities for design of low‐cost, long‐cycling aqueous SIBs.