bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new probability density function for spatial distribution of soil water storage capacity leads to SCS curve number method
Authors: Wang Dingbao
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Following the Budyko framework, soil wetting ratio (the ratio between soil wetting and precipitation) as a function of soil storage index (the ratio between soil wetting capacity and precipitation) is derived from the SCS-CN method and the VIC type of model. For the SCS-CN method, soil wetting ratio approaches one when soil storage index approaches infinity, due to the limitation of the SCS-CN method in which the initial soil moisture condition is not explicitly represented. However, for the VIC type of model, soil wetting ratio equals soil storage index when soil storage index is lower than a certain value, due to the finite upper bound of the power distribution function of storage capacity. In this paper, a new distribution function, supported on a semi-infinite interval x ∈ [0, ∞), is proposed for describing the spatial distribution of storage capacity. From this new distribution function, an equation is derived for the relationship between soil wetting ratio and storage index. In the derived equation, soil wetting ratio approaches zero as storage index approaches zero; when storage index tends to infinity, soil wetting ratio approaches a certain value (≤ 1) depending on the initial storage. Moreover, the derived equation leads to the exact SCS-CN method when initial water storage is zero. Therefore, the new distribution function for soil water storage capacity explains the SCS-CN method as a saturation excess runoff model and unifies the surface runoff modeling of SCS-CN method and VIC type of model.
Artikkelsamling MNT-konferansen 2017
Authors: Lyng (red.) Reidar
Published: February 2018

Complete proceedings for the MNT Conference 2017, 30-31 March, 2017, Oslo.
Reflections on the Nordic Journal of STEM Education: Strengthening a Nordic STEM education community
Authors: Edström Kristina
Published: February 2018

This journal is a new arena for “scholarship that matters”, particularly welcome due to its Nordic scope, STEM education focus, open access, and language options. By disseminating ideas, experiences, and credible evidence, it can help improve our understanding of consequential issues and support the advancement of education. By offering opportunities to learn about and build upon the work of others, it can strengthen the community, and increase the legitimacy of our work. Here, some reflections are made on the positioning and potentials of the journal.
Control Biológico del Salivazo de la Caña de Azúcar Aeneolamia sp. con el Nematodo Heterorhabditis bacteriophora y los Hongos Entomopatógenos Metarhizium anisopliae y Beauveria bassiana como Opción Económica y Sostenible
Authors: Pérez Milián José R. , Pérez Pérez Yosel , Álvarez Jorge F. , Ruano Rossil Jorge Mario
Published: February 2018

El nematodo entomopatógeno Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) fue evaluado como opción potencial de control biológico del salivazo de la caña de azúcar, Aeneolamia spp. (Hemiptera: Cercopidae). Los estudios de campo muestran un control biológico efectivo utilizando este nematodo sobre los estadios ninfales del salivazo y cuyo efecto se hace evidente a pocas horas de haber sido aplicado. Hubo mayor mortalidad en los estadios ninfales 4 y 5 del salivazo y la toxicidad del nematodo se prolongó por semanas después de su aplicación en el campo. En algunos ensayos se observó superioridad estadística de H. bacteriophora sobre los hongos entomopatógenos Metarhizium anisopliae (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) y Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) (Prueba de Tukey al 0.05 y 0.01 niveles de significancia), así como frente a otros agentes de control biológico alternativos.
Estudio Socioeconómico de un Proyecto de Reforestación Implementado con Pequeños Productores de Cacao en Honduras
Authors: Kupferschmied Karent , Fromm Ingrid , Rouanet Arthur
Published: February 2018

El conocimiento general acerca del cultivo del cacao, las características genéticas del cacao hondureño y las condiciones agroclimáticas del país han impulsado el interés de varias entidades y países a fomentar la producción del cacao orgánico. En octubre del 2014, la Fundación Hondureña de Investigación Agrícola (FHIA) registró 4,463 ha de cacao en Honduras. En busca de alternativas ambiental y económicamente amigables, desde el 2009, la Fundación Helvetas consolidó la Asociación de Productores de Sistemas Agroforestales con cacao orgánico de Olancho (APROSACAO) y con la ayuda de la inversión privada de Chocolats Halba y Pur Projet, en el 2012. Se inició el programa de reforestación para aumentar la captura de carbono y asegurar los ingresos a futuro de los productores, mediante la comercialización de madera legalizada. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el impacto socioeconómico del programa de reforestación de APROSACAO/ Pur Projet y para esto se muestrearon 55 productores en cinco veredas en Olancho, Honduras. En el aspecto económico no se observa, hasta el momento, un efecto directo en el ingreso o en el aumento de la productividad del cacao. No obstante, los productores tienen mayores ingresos que gastos. Además, hubo una influencia positiva del programa de reforestación en términos de suficiencia e independencia alimentaria y a su contribución al medio ambiente y futuras generaciones.
Description of a new species of Melittomma (Coleoptera: Lymexylidae) from Honduras
Authors: Orozco Jesús , Díaz Dafna
Published: February 2018

A new species of lymexylid in the genus Melittomma Murray is described from Honduras. With the addition of this species, three species in the family are now known in the country. A key to the three Honduran species is included.
Monseñor Romero, ahora
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 86, 2002: 127-130
El "Consenso de Monterrey": financiar el desarrollo
Authors: Ibisate Francisco Javier
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 86, 2002: 131-150
Economía y mujer: vínculos existentes
Authors: Vega Lilian
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 86, 2002: 151-158
Terrorismo y crisis mundial
Authors: Ribera Ricardo
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 86, 2002: 159-170
Reflexiones a raíz del golpe mediático
Authors: Montoya Aquiles
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 86, 2002: 171-175
Eco, Umberto: Baudolino; Letras de Deusto, Revista de la Universidad de Deusto
Authors: Alvarenga Luis
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 86, 2002: 255-261
Teoría y práctica de la democracia en las culturas
Authors: Editor El
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 87, 2002: 265-267
¿Es adecuada, para la justicia global, la concepción política del "consenso sobrepuesto"?
Authors: Apel Karl-Otto
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 87, 2002: 275-292
"Estado de guerra", democracia aparente y "razón crítica"
Authors: Dussel Enrique
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 87, 2002: 293-314
Actualidad y necesidad del pensamiento crítico: ¿Demasiados hombres u hombres sobrantes?
Authors: Labica Georges , Logiudice Edgardo , Logiudice Ana G.
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 87, 2002: 331-339
La experiencia del proceso venezolano actual
Authors: Bohórquez Carmen L.
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 87, 2002: 341-369
Lardé y Larín, J., El Salvador: inundaciones e incendios, erupciones y terremotos
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 87, 2002: 393-394
Dos libros sobre Osama bin Laden y el islamismo
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 87, 2002: 395-408
Globalización y desarrollo en la región de Olocuilta y San Luis Talpa
Authors: Fuentes Patricia
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 88, 2002: 459-480
Dos conferencias sobre la hegemonía cultural de la lengua inglesa
Authors: Boyle Joseph
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 88, 2002: 481-509
Sobre el imperialismo lingüístico y el idioma inglés
Authors: Martínez Mendoza Ana María
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 88, 2002: 511-530
Revista Letras de Deusto, número 94 (Vol. 32). Enero-Marzo de 2002
Authors: Alvarenga Luis
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 88, 2002: 554
Dos libros de Sergio Ramirez: Mentiras verdaderas ; Catalina y Catalina
Authors: Alvarenga Luis
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 88, 2002: 555-557
Hedge Strategies of Corporate Houses
Authors: Nagahi Morteza , Nagahisarchoghaei Mohammad , Soleimani Nadia , Jaradat Ra'ed M.
Published: February 2018

This paper compares and contrasts the hedge strategies through derivative instruments by Indian and USA corporate houses. The derivative instruments have little predictive power in explaining corporate hedging strategies both in the USA and Indian firms. The purpose of the study is to provide a setting where reconciling conflicting results from the literature may be appropriate and to compare different hedge strategies in a specific period in two different countries (USA and India). The evidence based on multivariate empirical relations between hedging in American firms and firm’s characteristics fails to provide any support for any of the tested hypotheses except for profitability represented by dividend yield. We conclude that the relationship between hedging and dividend yield in the proposed model is negative. The same analysis conducted for Indian companies has shown that there is no statistically significant explanatory variable for hedging; therefore, it is not dependent on any of the predicted theories of hedging. On the other hand, we find some significant relationships between firms’ characteristics. Large Indian firms use internal hedge strategies rather than market strategies, such as derivatives. The derivative market development then could play a major role in terms of risk management of firms across countries.
The Effect of EFL Teachers’ Training in Rural West China: Evidence From Phonics-oriented Program
Authors: Kang Yeqin , Liang Lijuan
Published: February 2018

China has launched a nation-wide project of learning English as a “core” subject starting from the third grade in primary schools after the Ministry of Education (MOE) issued National English Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education at the beginning of this century. However, EFL teachers are far from sufficient in rural schools, and thus students are in a more disadvantageous position compared to their peers in the urban area. To meet this need, many Zhuangang teachers are employed after being trained. This study examined a phonics-oriented training program in which scholars and practitioners cooperated to train EFL teachers and prospective trainers in rural west China. The current study collected data about EFL teachers’ perceptions on the effect of this program and student achievement. The results showed that the training program was quite effective with EFL teachers regarding the program as helpful and students obtaining significantly better scores. These findings indicate that phonics-oriented professional support system is a good way to make teacher development sustainable in the long run.
Biosorption of lead (II) from an aqueous solution using biosorbents prepared from water plants
Authors: E Tseveendorj , T Enkhdul , Lin S , D Dorj , Sh Oyungerel , T.O Soyol-Erdene
Published: February 2018

Due to its toxicity causing serious health problems, persistence in the environment and non-biodegradability, lead (Pb) is considered as one of the most harmful metals on earth. In this study, dried aquatic plants as sorbents including Nymphoides peltata (NP), Typha laxmannii (TL), and Eichhornia crassipes (EC) were examined and compared to discover the best biosorption for Pb. The effect of physical and chemical parameters including pH (2.0–5.5), sorbent dosage (1–5 g/l), metal concentration (20–100 mg/l), and contact time (~240 min) were investigated to determine the optimal condition for Pb(II) biosorption. As a result, the optimum pH, sorbent dosage, and contact time were 5.0, 1 g/l, and 120 minutes, respectively. Pb2+ biosorption data were found to follow the Langmuir isotherm model while the kinetic biosorption data followed pseudo-second-order model. The maximum biosorption capacity from Langmuir model was calculated as 63.3, 82.9, and 51.9 mg/g for EC, NP, and TL, respectively. All the results showed that biosorption efficiencies of Pb(II) by different biosorbents were in following order NP>EC>TL.
Multimodal Stereo from Thermal Infrared and Visible Spectrum
Authors: Barrera Fernando
Published: February 2018

Recent advances in thermal infrared imaging (LWIR) has allowed its use in applications beyond of the military domain. Nowadays, this new family of sensors is included in different technical and scientific applications. They offer features that facilitate tasks, such as detection of pedestrians, hot spots, differences in temperature, among others, which can significantly improve the performance of a system where the persons are expected to play the principal role. For instance, video surveillance applications, monitoring, and pedestrian detection.During the dissertation the next question is stated: \textit{Could a couple of sensors measuring different bands of the electromagnetic spectrum, as the visible and thermal infrared, be used to extract depth information?} Although it is a complex question, we shows that a system of these characteristics is possible as well as their advantages, drawbacks, and potential opportunities.In this research an experimental study that compares different cost functions and matching approaches is performed, in order to build a multimodalstereovision system. Furthermore, the common problems in infrared/visible stereo, specially in the outdoor scenes are identified. Our framework summarizes the architecture of a generic stereo algorithm, at different levels: computational, functional, and structural, which can be extended toward high-level fusion (semantic) and high-order (prior).The proposed framework is intended to explore novel multimodal stereo matching approaches, going from sparse to dense representations (both disparity and depth maps). Moreover, context information is added in form of priors and assumptions. Finally, the dissertation shows a promissory way toward the integration of multiple sensors for recovering three-dimensional information.
Applicability of the 2D:4D ratio in identifying predispositions for combat sports
Authors: Adamczyk Jakub Grzegorz , Krejpcio Mateusz , Boguszewski Dariusz , Michalak Bartłomiej , Kozieł Mateusz
Published: February 2018

Introduction. Combat sports, even though they are associated with aggressive behavior, but athletes often train how to control emotions and aggression. Thus aggression level can be one of the selection criteria for combat sports.
Material and methods. The study analyzed the value of the 2D:4D ratio and the level of aggression in 102 athletes in selected combat sports: kyokushin karate (20), ITF taekwondo (22), kickboxing (19), wrestling (21), and judo (20). Furthermore, the study evaluated a control group of 76 men who did not engage in competitive sports training.
Results. The athletes practicing combat sports displayed a higher 2D:4D ratio than the persons from the control group. On the other hand, the study observed significant differences (p<0.05) in the 2D:4D ratio values within the experimental group between karate and taekwondo fighters and the rest of the athletes.
Conclusions. The 2D:4D ratio is a good tool that may be useful during the selection of combat sport athletes by providing indirect information about the level of testosterone during the fetal period. Combat sports, through training, have a positive impact on their practitioners, allowing the athletes to improve the control over their emotions and know themselves better, which results
in reduced aggressiveness and anger towards other people.
Chinese Martial Arts: Add-on Therapy and Application in Cardiovascular Rehabilitation. A Review
Authors: Mastnak Wolfgang
Published: February 2018

Background. Martial Arts (MA) are complex systems that involve both psycho-motor facets and cultural traditions. Although Western approaches tend to discern between meditative movement for health, competitive sports, and ethnic rites, many martial arts have to be regarded as holistic entities that comprise medical features, physical exercises, and mystical perspectives.
Methods. Review, critical comparative analysis.
Results. Cardiologic studies upon the martial arts mainly explore the Chinese disciplines of Tai Chi Chuan 太极拳and Qigong 气功and speak about cost-effective and safe ways of treatment. These approaches are applied to reduce hypertension and high heart rate and might have positive effects on endothelial function and heart rate variability. In addition to these cardiac perspectives, Tai Chi Chuan and Qigong proofed to exhibit preventative and therapeutic effects on anxiety and depression, hence their function for controlling psychopathological sequelae of heart conditions. A wealth of studies highlights that these martial arts also improve the patients’ quality of life and enhance their adherence to rehabilitation programmes. For some years, also Karate and Judo have gained ground in cardiology.
Conclusion. Chinese Martial Arts are a viable means in cardiac rehabilitation. From the perspective of cross-cultural research in medicine, more studies on the martial arts that involve both Western and Chinese theories of cardiology are required.
Mycological and Serological Study of Invasive Aspergillosis in A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: KAUR Sumanpreet , GUPTA Veenu , CHHİNA Deepinder Kaur , SİNGH Akashdeep , SHARMA Daaman
Published: February 2018

Objectives: Invasive

aspergillosis (IA) has emerged as a major life threatening infection in high

risk patients. Recent advances have led to early diagnosis of IA by detecting Aspergillus antigens in serum

particularly Galactomannan (GM). Objective of the study was to correlate fungal

smear, culture and Galactomannan assay in patients with suspected IA and to

categorize them into “proven,” “probable,” and “possible,” cases as per

European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and Mycoses study

group case definitions (EORTC/MSG) criteria.

Methods: The prospective

study was conducted over a period of one year in the department of

Microbiology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana. A total of 319

patients with suspicion of IA were included in the study. GM antigen detection

test was done from serum samples. KOH mount was done and samples were

inoculated on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA). Growth obtained was analyzed as

per standard protocol.

Results: GM assay positivity

among suspected patients of IA was 47%. The mean age group affected was 51.8

years (51.8±15.2) and majority was males (78.1%). The patients were categorized

as Proven IA (0%), Probable IA (52.7%), Possible IA (41.4%) and No IA (5.9%). Aspergillus flavus was the most common

isolate (77.4%)

Conclusion: The study

demonstrated that serological tests have an edge over routine smear and culture

for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. Thus, Galactomannan assay is a

useful diagnostic for early detection of IA in high risk patients. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 8(1):8-12
Kariérne poradenstvo pomáha pri ukončení športovej kariéry
Authors: Sakáčová Zuzana
Published: February 2018

The author of this contribution deals with the questions which are close to theoretical delimitation of the sports career task and career consultancy in sports. Th e author introduces Athlete Career Program which is offi cially supported by the IOC. Its aim is focused on the help to develop professional career of the athletes, to stimulate integration of the athletes in working process along with and aft er competition. Th e process of concluding an active sports career mainly among professional athletes is rather complicated and has its own social, psychological and legal dimensions.
Aplikované tělocvičné aktivity žáků s dětskou mozkovou obrnou
Authors: Spurná Miroslava , Kudláček Martin
Published: February 2018

Regular and optimum activity is primarily one of the preconditions for obtaining and maintaining human´s physical and mental condition. For pupils with physical disabilities are suitably chosen gym activity also considered a suitable means of socialization and integration of pupils into the intact population. Th e importance of physical education and its implementation in the context of physical education in recent times we read mostly in the context of issues of integration of pupils with disabilities into mainstream schools. Th ere are not so many special educational books which are dealt with the shape of physical education and pupils in special schools. Th e main aim of this article is to describe the current status of participation of students with physical disability in the physical education and show the possible form and method of the gyms activity these students. Th e target group was students with cerebral palsy attending primary school for students with multiple disabilities in Olomouc. Th e results illustrate the importance of institutional forms of gyms activities such as physical education and school sports clubs, which are for most students the only physical activities throughout the day. Other factors signifi cantly aff ecting the rate of participation of pupils are level of pupils‘ motorical skills, family approach to the physical activities and pupils' access to informations in the physical activities field. Th ese aspects must by taken as the basis for planning and implementation of gyms activities pupils with physical disabilities.
Vplyv 3-mesačnej kondičnej prípravy na výkon a maximálne hodnoty krvného laktátu v teste OKIZ hráčov frisbee ultimate
Authors: Vanderka Marián
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this study was to fi nd the effi ciency rate of 3 month conditioning upon performance in sprint fatigue test and blood lactate level. Th e training load was given by anaerobic endurance training with repeated 200 m and sprint endurance work out with repeated 60 m, once weekly they run also 40 min. of aerobic endurance training in regeneration zone. Th e hypothesis was confi rmed, aft er 3 month preparation the blood lactate levels aft er sprint fatigue test were signifi cantly higher, from input 15.1±1.7 to output 17.4±2.2 mmol.l-1 (p<0.05). Also fatigue index decreased from 0.42±0.11s to 0.30±0.11s (p<0.05) in absolute values. In input output analysis of relative values it was decreased from 6.92 % up to 5.03 % (p<0.01). Accordingly we advise for conditioning the anaerobic high intensity intermittent training (HIIT) with non specifi c state, so that to create suffi cient reserve for increase intensity in some parts of the game.
Změna teplot sněhu při běhu na lyžích v obraze sekvenční termografie
Authors: Novotný Jan , Ondráček Jan , Novotný sr. Jan
Published: February 2018

Twenty years ago it was shown that friction increases the temperature of snow skis. Change of state permits for water skis glide. Th e aim of this pilot study was to determine whether dynamic infrared thermography is able to capture rapid changes in temperature of snow some areas (not just at one point), the ski tracks before and aft er passing. We monitored the snow on the track aft er 60 races two runners in various weights (86 and 73 kg) on two types of skis and lubrication (for classic and skating cross) and three diff erent speeds (3,04±0,180, 3,81±0,273 a 5,30±0,314 m.s-1). Measurements of infrared radiation and the calculation of snow surface temperature immediately before and aft er passing skier was carried out thermo-graphic system FLIR SC620 with 30 Mhz. Nonparametric Wilcoxon test for paired comparison of values was found signifi cant increases in temperature aft er the snow cleared the skies: runner A from -3,71 to -3,50 °C (p=0,000000) and runner B from -3,75 na -3,50 °C (p=0,000000). To return to the baseline temperature is within 5 seconds aft er passing. Diff erences were demonstrated in the heat of snow between runners with diff erent masses and for the use of diff erent types of skis. Th e study confi rmed the ability of dynamic infrared thermography to register a very rapid temperature changes of snow in an area immediately before and aft er crossing the cross-country skiers. Dimensional dynamic thermography would seem to contribute to the choice of the correct strategy and lubrication in ski racing. However, it is necessary to make a series of validation studies.
Současný přístup k hodnocení talentů pro krátký triatlon v České republice
Authors: Kovářová Lenka , Kovář Karel
Published: February 2018

The article presents new fi ndings regarding the evaluation system of talent prerequisites for short triathlon in the pre-peak period, i.e. in junior category (18 – 19 years). We present the current battery of tests and three case studies that bring the possibility of data interpretation. For the evaluation, we used standards (T-points) for individual tests, which illustrate intra- and interindividual diff erences with respect to a given model – the norm. We found out that a below-average result reached in one of the tested areas cannot be compensated by any above-average result in another area. Th e most important issue for the assessment of future performance in triathlon is to fi nd the lower limit of 45 T-points, rather than achieving the highest level in some of the tests. For the selection of talented athletes at the age of 18 – 19 years, it is desirable to seek an individual, who has achieved outstanding results in tests that can be considered to be less aff ected by training (ECM/BCM, VO2max, mobility and concentration of attention); however, another necessary precondition is also the high level of swimming tests with regard to age of athletes. It is rather essential to distinguish between highly trained individuals who already have the minimal capacity for improvement and may not be perspective in the categories K 23 and seniors (the peak of their careers is the junior age).
Kinematická analýza útočného úderu středem sítě ve volejbalu
Authors: Zahálka František , Malý Tomáš , Čada Miroslav , Malá Lucia
Published: February 2018

Main work was kinematic analyse and resulting evaluation spike centre net (zone 3) in diff erent variant fulfi lment. Purposes were described, analyse and compare from kinematic of stand-point facture (techniques) spike from zone 3 with choice top players. In top fulfi lment those techniques discovering at fulfi lment spike same upper arm two diverse fulfi lments running and rebound phase. Result analyse was comparative these two diff erent technique fulfi lment (spike upper arm with fi nal step on opposite lower leg and in the second case spike upper arm with fi nal step on concurrent lower leg as is attack arm). Particular purpose work was evidence high intra-individual stability fulfi lment single players top levels of and subsequently describe inter-individuals characteristics players at diff erent fulfi lments.
Ekonomika ve sportu – Maximalizace zisku v rámci profesionálních sportovních lig Severní Ameriky
Authors: Chwasczc Ondřej , Pětivlas Tomáš
Published: February 2018

Our work presents the professional sports league in North America in comparison with sports organizations in Europe. Based on that comparison, we found signifi cant diff erences, which result in diff erent behavior of clubs in North America and Europe. Clubs in North America achieve a monopoly position in relation to its surroundings due to the nature of the league. While these separate entities mutually cooperate having implemented organizational rules that prevent from dominance of one club. Th e combination of monopoly power and mutual cooperation results in the possibility of economic gain, which is for the clubs in Europe or for normal economic subjects operating in market environment unapproachable. Abuse of monopoly position of the clubs is noticeable mostly in the subsidies provided by local governments or towns to local sports club. Th ese public funds are not the most effi cient investments for locations mentioned above, as we demonstrated by a case analysis of the Miami Heat basketball club.
Změny kinetických charakteristik odrazu volejbalistů mládežnických kategorií v průběhu šesti měsíců
Authors: Korvas Pavel , Šamšula Jaroslav
Published: February 2018

The authors compare four variables of an attack jump between two groups of volleyball players, juniors and cadets. We observed during six months average strength of rebound, maximal impulse of strength, the time of whole rebound and the time reaching maximal impulse of strength. Th e group of juniors had better results for every parameter but cadets reached the highest improvement. Th e younger group gets to positive changes in average strength during rebound by 17,4 %, and for the time of whole rebound about 16,6 %. Maximal impulse of strength was increased by 3,9 % and the time reaching maximal impulse of strength was shorter 14,4 %. Juniors reached smaller changes than cadets, for average strength during rebound 9,2 %, maximal impulse of strength was increased by 12,5 % and the time of whole rebound about 10,6 %. Th e value of maximal impulse of strength was worst by 5,2 %. Th e both groups realized training programme of a very high quality, juniors 342 hours and cadets 211 hour of trainings load. Th e diff erences in results and value of changes are consequences of maturity, time of regular training process and performance level of our groups.
Identifikácia a komparácia komponentov telesného zloženia vysoko trénovaných judistov
Authors: Malá Lucia , Malý Tomáš , Zahálka František , Čada Miroslav
Published: February 2018

Authors present a high proportion of fat free mass and a low proportion of fat mass examined by hydrodensitometry in elite judo athletes. Th e diff erence in both indicators of body composition between both examined groups was signifi cant (p<0.05); however, we may see a  better predisposition to sport performance in seniors when compared to juniors. Th e examination of body composition is important in terms of a sport performance predictor, as well as for monitoring changes while weight reduction. Th e form of reduction and individual limits of body weight remain the matter of further research. Th e used method, hydrodensitometry, appears as a very exact method when disturbing factors /participants’ learning phase, expiration, scales oscillation/ are eliminated. Th e measured low proportion of fat mass indicate a discussion about equations for calculation of total fat mass in the body and their modifi cation and assessment of particular parameters/ indicators.
Rozbor úspěšnosti střelby reprezentačního družstva mužů ČR v biatlonu v letech 2002–2010
Authors: Ondráček Jan , Hřebíčková Sylva , Paugschová Božena , Mezník Jan
Published: February 2018

The successful implementation of the biathlon shooting is necessary condition for overall success in the race. In the biggest competitions, such as the World Cup, World Championship and Winter Olympic Games, even one failed hit on the shooting-range leads to the rejection of the sportsman from the fi ght for the victory in whole race. Th e main aim of our thesis is to compare successful shooting of the men´s team of the Czech Republic with the winners of above mentioned word competitions. We were discovering the improvement of the successful shooting of the Czech team compared to the control group of winners in the worldwide competitions during two Olympic cycles in the seasons 2002/2003 – 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 – 2009/2010. As the base we have used data from DATACENTER, available on offi cial web pages of the International biathlon organisation IBU. We have assessed 3 basic domaines: shooting success, speed of the shooting performance and running time. Th e running time was assessed for the completion of the study of the successful shooting. Continual backwardness of the Czech representatives has been found in all observed domaines. Findings presented should help coaches to fi nd reserves at work with the athletes especially in the shooting part of the biathlon.
Reliabilita testování maximální volní kontrakce horních a dolních končetin a trupu na izometrickém dynamometru
Authors: Strejcová Barbora , Baláš Jiří , Čaba Ladislav , Kadlec Miroslav , Sűss Vladimír
Published: February 2018

The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of isometric strength measurement in flexion and extension in the chosen joints of upper and lower body extremities using the dynamometer Vishay Tedea-Huntleigh Model 1042. The measurements were undertaken in two days with the rest period of forty-eight hours between sessions. Twenty sport students took part in the study (6 females, 25 ± 2,3 years; 14 males, 24,4 ± 2,7 years). We used the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) model (3,k) and Pearson´s r to assess the reliability. ICC of elbow flexion and extension was 0,92–0,96 (r =0,62–0,93), knee flexion and extension 0,91–0,95 (r = 0,87–0,92), trunk abduction and flexion were 0,85 and 0,75.
Vliv vybraných osobnostních korelátů na kreativitu v tanci u adolescentů
Authors: Kraváčková Lenka , Blahutková Marie
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this research is to certify influence of dance on creativity of two chosen groups of adolescents – dancers and nondancers. For this study we compiled a  selection of adolescent dancers from a  folklore ensemble and adolescent nondancers. They were tested with Brace test and Creativity movement test. By means of personality enquiry we received personal data from the tested groups. Using statistical methods we compared the obtained data. In the Brace Test the experimental group showed a higher score only on the substantive significance level, whereas in the test of physical creativity no statistically significant differences were found. Only the substantive significance has been proved. The results indicate that a suitable physical education form at a secondary school contributes to an all-round development in adolescents.
Analýza vztahu rytmické realizace a rytmické percepce v tanečním sportu
Authors: Vaculíková Pavlína , Svobodová Lenka , Šimberová Dagmar , Honková Kristýna
Published: February 2018

Dance sport, like other sports belongs to the aesthetic and coordinating sports; with high demands of nearly all motoric skills. They require mainly the ability to coordinate, which is often the limiting factor of performance in dance sport. Due to the fact that dance is synonymous with music and closely associated with the rhythmic capabilities, we will focus further on detailed characteristics of the two rhythmic abilities: rhythmic perception and rhythmic execution. The research sample consisted of 153 test subjects in the age range 17-34 years. The experimental group consists of 104 dancers (53 women and 51 men). The control group consisted of 49 high school students. To examine the level of rhythmic perception, we used a test called rhythmic discrimination. To examine the level of rhythmic execution, we used a test called rhythmic drumming. We proved that dance sport has a positive effect on the level of our selected rhythmic ability, the longer the subjects danced, the better the results achieved in tests. We were unable to prove a statistically significant relationship between rhythmic perception and implementation.
Aktivní prvky bezpečnosti v rámci výuky cykloturistiky na ZŠ a SŠ
Authors: Hřebíčková Sylva , Ondráček Jan , Palán Jiří
Published: February 2018

Biking tourism is becoming the dominant tourist activity in the education of students to meet with teaching cycling courses primarily through cycling. Their implementation is still risky. In research we focused on the active component of the safety aspects of tourism and cycling. We used the method of observation, interview, and interview questionnaire. Our research involved three different groups of population. Results suggest teachers and students interested in learning not only in the cycling course. The most significant barrier form staffing levels and riding skills of students.
Rozvoj tvorivosti študentov učiteľstva telesnej výchovy
Authors: Novotná Jarmila , Lapšanská Miroslava , Fašianok Miroslav , Bugalova Karin
Published: February 2018

This article presents application program „Harmony in the preparation of undergraduate students of physical education teachers“. Th e  experiment  verifies the effects of this program on development of creativity of future teachers. Based on tests of creativity, to capture the scale of interpersonal relationships and the questionnaire revealed positive changes in the development of creative abilities of students in the experimental group interpersonal relations, climate, attitudes and personality profile.
Daňové úlevy pro zaměstnance podporující sportovní družstva dětí a mládeže
Authors: Semerád Pavel , Pruša Viktor , Racek Oldřich
Published: February 2018

The aim of this article is to increase incomes to the budgets of teams of children and young people by using income tax. Th e changes in the usual trend could also arouse greater interest in supporting neighbourhood sport. Variability and creativity are broad and a general solution does not exist. Changes to current support in the form of gift s in cash, gift s in kind and getting money from employers are proposed in such a way that they might be used to reduce tax liability. Because the fi nancial burden is shift ed to parents, the law should take their activity into account. Most of the proposals are also applicable to adult teams. By modernization of their activity the clubs could get higher prestige, higher attractiveness and larger amounts of money.
Analýza zátěžových testů u skialpinistů
Authors: Jindra Matouš , Vomáčko Ladislav , Formánková Dita , Coufalová Klára
Published: February 2018

We analyze 3 types of maximum stress tests on the basis of the lack of professional information about competitive ski mountaineering. Th e obtained data was compared with the maximum stress test on the treadmill; bicycle ergometer and treadmill using a roller ski modifi ed for ski mountaineering. Th e values which were measured shows great technical demands on the test using roller skis. Based on this information, we recommend long-term training on the treadmill using roller skis, before the maximum load test. Th e results show the smallest deviation of the maximum values among respondents who had previous experience with modifi ed roller skis for ski mountaineering.
3D kinematická analýza bikrosového startu
Authors: Kalichová Miriam , Hřebíčková Sylva , Labounková Romana
Published: February 2018

Th e paper deals with techniques bicross start. Th e aim of this study is to analyse particular phases of BMX start through cinematographic metod and to evaluate basic cinematic parameters of fi rst movements. For scanning the picture we used two high-frequency synchronized digital cameras SIMI MOTION Version 7. Th e bicross start was performed by two representatives of the Czech Republic, one man and one woman. Th e result of our study is a distribution of start movement to fi ve basic phases. According to kinematic parameters of initial movements we compared diff erences between start techniques of each tested person.
Vliv intervenčního programu poweryoga na změny úrovně statické rovnováhy a složení těla – BMI
Authors: Feitová Kateřina , Novotná Viléma
Published: February 2018

Th is contribution presents the results of a pilot study measuring changes in the levels of static balance and body composition (BMI) brought about by practising the poweryoga programme. Th e 3-month intervention programme was applied to an experimental group of female students at the Faculty of Science of Charles University in Prague. Th e test to ascertain the static balance level measured the time for which the subjects were able to stand on one leg without visual control; the BMI data were obtained from the subjects‘ height-to-weight ratios. Although practised for a short-time only, the intervention programme resulted in positive changes in the static balance level (at a low level of signifi cance due to the small number of subjects involved). BMI changes appeared to be negligible due to the short time and one-sidedness of the intervention. Th e results will be used to modify the motion content of the poweryoga intervention programme within a comprehensive study of the effi ciency of the motion programme and in support of usefulness of this motion activity for female university students.
Validita a reliabilita akcelerometru S3+ pro měření rychlosti chůze a běhu systémem Polar RCX5
Authors: Hnízdil Jan , Škopek Martin , Havel Zdeněk
Published: February 2018

Th e purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the accelerometer S3+. Th is is an optional part of the new model heart rate monitor Polar RX5. Four endurance athletes completed the on treadmill (0% slope) graded exercise test with an initial speed of 5 kmh-1 with the increase of 0.5 kmh-1 every 200 meters. Th e test was conducted to rejection. From 8 kmh-1 walking was directive turned to running locomotion. Test was repeated under similar conditions to determine the degree of measurement stability. Th e study results showed that accuracy of running measurement is within the error provided by the manufacturer (3%). For walking, the error rate is higher (10%). Reliability of measurements was observed in all parameters is high (r> 0, 80) except to the overall stability of the measurement of walking distance (r = 0.53).
Tělesné složení a symetrie těla předních českých zápasníků
Authors: Coufalová Klára , Heller Jan
Published: February 2018

Physical activity affects body composition. It depends on the type of sports strain and sports specialization. Generally, the effect increases with time of implementation of particular sport. Top athletes make selected group of individuals with typical somatic features characteristic of the sport (Přidalová & Zapletalová 1997). The aim of this study was to determine the body composition of top Czech athletes in Greco-Roman wrestling. We also investigated the segmental distribution of fluid in the body of each of the probands and thus influence the Greco-Roman wrestling at the symmetrical development of the body. Totally we tested 12 probands with a mean age of 22.0 ± 5.8 years. Body composition and segmental distribution of fluid was examined using multifrequent bioimpedancy analyzer InBody 3.0. The results show a high proportion of the active mass (FFM) and cell mass (BCM) and the low proportion of inactive fat mass (FM) compared with the general population. We found a high affinity cell mass (BCM) to basal metabolic rate (BMR) (r = 0,910). Based on our results we can say that Greco-Roman wrestling is a sport suitable for the muscles development of whole the body and this development is balanced for both sides of the body. We also found high proportion of muscle mass in the upper extremities and the trunk with comparison with the general population.
Počátky vysokoškolského sportu v Brně
Authors: Strachová Milena
Published: February 2018

The city of Brno was one of the first in Czechoslovakia, where college students and their professors began to organize sports clubs and gave the basis for the development of university sport. The contribution gives a brief overview of the significant persons who helped to establish this movement. The article also contains the overview of key clubs and societies on which were created today's wide variety of Brno's university sports clubs
Úroveň aerobní kapacity elitního dorosteneckého týmu a profesionálního seniorského týmu na začátku přípravného období ve fotbale
Authors: Teplan Jaroslav , Malý Tomáš , Zahálka František , Malá Lucia , Kaplan Aleš
Published: February 2018

The aim of this study was to determine and compare the state of aerobic capacity of a men's professional soccer team against the oldest junior elite team at the beginning of practice period. The group of the adult players consisted of 17 players (age: 23,5 ± 3,2 years, body weight: 76,5 ± 4,2 kg, height: 183,3 ± 3,2 cm, BMI: 22.8 ± 0.7 kg.m-2) the Under 19 group consisted of 14 players (age: 18.3 ± 0.2 years, body weight: 74.9 ± 6.5 kg, height: 181.5 ± 6.3 cm and BMI: 22.8 ± 0.7 kg.m-2). Monitoring and evaluation of aerobic parameters used the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test 1 (Yo-Yo IRT1). The difference between the groups was statistically significant when comparing averages of the results based on the overall distance run and parameter VO2max. Differences in parameters HRmax and decrease of HR in a 1 minute were not statistically significant. A transition from a junior category to an adult one puts significant demands on the speed within the game and performance of individual in-game activities. All the surveyed parameters are only a necessary prerequisites for top performance in a match.
Kolik peněz z veřejných rozpočtů jde vlastně na sport?
Authors: Pavlík Marek
Published: February 2018

Granting of sport from public resources has a long tradition in the Czech Republic as well as there are economic reasons for such financial support. The debate about problems of the system sport financing from public budgets is one of up-to-date subjects. Repeatedly is concluded that the Czech sport is under-financed hence current system should be changed. The system can be evaluated only if we know inputs (allocated resources) and output respectively outcomes of the sport policy. The condition of cognition of inputs seems to be trivial; however there are significant differences among available information resources including government documents as well as datasheet from the Czech statistical office and other data sources. Only if we are able to identify inputs we can suggest changes of the whole system of sport financing. The aim of the paper is to confront information sources about amount of public resources, estimate real value and discuss reasons which caused dissimilarities among information sources.
Vplyv učebného programu pre florbal na herné zručnosti žiakov základnej školy
Authors: Baránek Daniel
Published: February 2018

Dissertation deals with sport game floorball as a part of school physical education. Dissertation examines learning program for teaching floorball and degree of selected game skills of pupils in floorball in elementary school. The aim of this work was to check an influence of the learning program for teaching a sport game floorball on game skills of pupils in elementary school. The research was realized on one set of pupils (boys) of fifth grade in elementary school in St. Gorazd school Zilina during sixteen lessons of Physical Education and Sports. Students proceeded in teaching by us created teaching program. To find out the status of game skills of pupils, we used six tests: leading ball VL, shooting after leading ball SPVL, pass on the floor forehand PPVLF, pass on the floor backhand PPZB, pass on the floor after leading ball forehand PPVLF and pass on the floor after leading ball backhand PPVLB. Input and output aspects of these tests were given by statistical methods to correlation. Correlation showed that there are statistically significant changes (p < 0,05) between input and output aspects in all, by us chosen, tests of game skills VL, SPVL, PPZF, PPVLF, PPVLB.