bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promotion of food culture based on gastronomic tourism technologies on the example of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Vinokurova Marfa Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2023

The article deals with the development of gastronomic tourism as one of the important areas of tourism. The subject of the study is the food culture in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The object of this research is the promotion of food culture based on the technologies of gastronomic tourism on the example of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The article considers the food culture of the Yakut ethnic group, the trends of the restaurant market, as well as local catering enterprises that specialize in the national Yakut cuisine. The concepts of tourism and gastronomic tourism and their state in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are studied. The problems of popularization of national cuisine are touched upon. The article is devoted to the promotion of Yakut cuisine at the interregional and international levels. The necessity of promoting the food culture of the Yakut ethnic groups on the basis of participation in gastronomic festivals is identified and justified. The fundamental methodology for the study is a descriptive method, which includes the method of observation, interpretation, comparison, generalization. The presented article is relevant due to the fact that currently in modern culture there is a growing interest in the field of everyday food culture. In this regard, the term "food culture" correlates with the accumulated experience of the people, the bearer of culture, of satisfying the need for food. In modern science, everyday food culture correlates with the definition of "gastronomic culture", although to date there is no unambiguous understanding of this multidimensional cultural phenomenon, which is a specific attribute of each nation. The purpose of this study was to identify the features of everyday life through theoretical aspects and practical provisions that reveal the specifics of gastronomic tourism in the region, and the use of everyday food culture of the Yakut ethnic group for its further improvement and development. Based on the conducted study, the reasons for the positive impact of participating in gastronomic festivals are listed.
Identification of potential glioma drug resistance target proteins based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry differential proteomics
Authors: Li Da , Yan Jun , Li Kang , Yang Qingcheng , Bian Liping , Lin Bencheng , Liu Xiaohua , Xi Zhuge
Published: December 2023

In this study, to screen for candidate markers of temozolomide (TMZ) resistance in glioblastoma, we artificially established TMZ drug-resistant glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines, U251-TMZ and U87-TMZ. In the U251-TMZ and U87-TMZ cell lines, we screened and analyzed differentially expressed proteins using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) differential proteomics. Compared with the U251 and U87 control cell lines, 95 differential proteins were screened in the U251-TMZ and U87-TMZ cell lines, of which 28 proteins were upregulated and 67 proteins were down-regulated. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of the co-upregulated proteins showed that most of the differentially expressed proteins were located in the cytoplasm and were significantly upregulated in the biological processes related to vesicular transport in the intimal system and inflammatory response mediated by myeloid leukocytes. Seven candidates were identified as potential GBM markers of TMZ resistance. Combined with existing research findings, our study supports that UAP1L1 and BCKDK are promising potential markers of TMZ resistance in GBM. This is important for further understanding the molecular mechanisms that drive the development and enhancement of TMZ resistance.
Lactic Acid-Proline Solvent Pretreatment of CS: Effects of Process Variables on Glucan, Xylan, and Lignin Composition
Authors: Onyelucheya, C. M.  , Nwabanne, J. T.
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of temperature, duration, and water dilution on the composition of glucan, xylan, and lignin in cowpea shells (CS) pretreated with a neat and diluted Lactic acid-proline solvent. The composition of glucan, xylan, and lignin was analyzed using the NREL method. The highest xylan removal (12%) was achieved after a 6-hour pretreatment at 150°C, while 11.35% lignin removal was observed after 5 hours at the same temperature. The most significant increase in glucan content, reaching 78.3 %, was observed after 4 hours at 150°C using a 2.5% (w/w) water-diluted solvent. Comparing the effect of the neat solvents and diluted solvents it can be concluded that while the neat solvent promoted the dissolution of xylan and lignin, the addition of water preserved glucan from the harshness of the pretreatment. Therefore, the decision to dilute a natural deep eutectic solvent before its application in biomass pretreatment depends on the desired product from biomass fractionation (lignin or a carbohydrate-rich material) and pretreatment temperature. These findings provide a foundation for further investigations into optimizing the entire process.
Nutrition as A Therapeutic Intervention for Metal Toxicity
Authors: Ayodeji-Fapohunda G. N.  , Ugwoha E.  , Nwaichi E. O.
Published: December 2023

Exposure to toxic metals poses serious health risks, leading to conditions like inflammation and cancer in humans. Traditional treatments, such as chelation therapy, face safety and efficacy challenges, prompting research into nutritional interventions. A well-balanced diet proves instrumental in reducing the body's susceptibility to environmental stressors. Edible plants, notably vegetables and fruits, offer essential nutrients that mitigate the absorption of toxic metals, enhance excretion, and modulate their effects. Recent studies highlight the preventive potential of bioactive nutrients, natural phenolics, microalgae, and milk in combating diseases associated with toxic metals. While nutritional strategies are beneficial, adopting positive lifestyle changes and minimizing exposure remains the most effective approach to prevent heavy metal toxicity. For occupationally exposed individuals, embracing antioxidant-rich diets becomes a key element in mitigating the risks associated with toxicants.
Semi Automated Movement Based Screening of Aqueous Extracts of Cinnamon Leaf, Almond, Beetroot Carrot, Ashwagandha and Tulsi on Caenorhabditis Elegans Model System for Health Beneficial Impact
Authors: Kisan B.  , Vinay  , Radhika  , Patil Ayyangouda , Yerri Sharanbasappa , Savitha A. S.  , Nidoni Udaykumar , Shruthi Nagaral K.
Published: December 2023

The research was conducted at University of Agricultural Sciences Raichur during 2021-22. In this research Caenorhabditis elegans is utilized by the researchers to know the effects of various extracts, drugs, nano particles, xenobiotics, magnetic effects on behaviour, neuronal effects, feeding pathways, apoptosis, ageing related pathways. Experiments were performed to evaluate the traditional herbs (Cinnamon, Almond, Beetroot Carrot, Ashwagandha and Tulsi) consumption for their health beneficial effects by monitoring the movement as an end point. Movement of an organism is considered as the health and age influencing factor. As the movement is well maintained in organism means health is also well maintained. Hence consistent movement is the factor for the healthy life. In the present study the organism movement has been monitored from L4 onwards every day for 30 minute till 21st day of the survival by automated system. The worm movement during this period has been categorised based on activity in three categories from L4 to 4days the activity ranged from 28.0 units to 10 IR units, 5th to 15th day 27.82 to 14.67 and from 16th to 21st day ranged from 17.87 to 14.44 IR units in non exposed N2 wild type worms. There is a gradual increase in the activity has been recorded on the exposure to health beneficial extracts in a single dose of supplementation. Hence, the study concludes that the health supplements can impact on the move ability of worms and maintains consistent movement till 21 days. Further studies are required to establish comprehensive health beneficial effects of these extracts at organism level.
Revolutionary Role of Trichoderma in Sustainable Plant Health Management: A Review
Authors: Singh Ankit Kumar , Kumar Ankush , Singh Ramji , Saini Rahul , Maanju Sunny , Leharwan Munish , Sehgal Vrinda , Kumar Brijesh , Dixit Pooshpendra Singh
Published: December 2023

The use of chemical pesticides in agricultural practices has led to significant concerns related to health and the environment in the last few decades. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in finding alternative approaches for controlling pests and diseases that are effective and environmentally friendly. Among these alternatives, Trichoderma harzianum has gained attention due to its remarkable ability to combat various crop pathogens in sustainable form. Biocontrol agents have gained prominence as eco-friendly substitutes for conventional chemical pesticides in disease management and crop improvement. T. harzianum, a common filamentous fungus, has emerged as a promising biocontrol agent due to its multifaceted strategies for suppressing diseases and promoting crop growth. T. harzianum fosters plant growth by aiding nutrient absorption, improving soil structure, and generating growth-promoting substances like auxins and cytokinins. Field studies have substantiated the efficacy of T. harzianum in managing a wide array of plant diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and nematodes whether used as a seed treatment, soil application, or foliar spray, T. harzianum establishes a beneficial presence early in the plant's life cycle, providing enduring protection. In conclusion, T. harzianum holds immense potential as a biocontrol agent to sustainably safeguard crops. Trichoderma species play a pivotal role in managing plant diseases due to their versatile mechanisms. As global agriculture seeks alternatives to chemical pesticides, leveraging T. harzianum 's potential offers a valuable avenue toward resilient and environmentally safe crop production.
What Is Prediabetes?
Authors: Jin Jill
Published: December 2023

This JAMA Patient Page describes the condition of prediabetes and its symptoms, diagnosis, and management strategies.
Discovery of Ultrasmall Polar Merons and Rich Topological Phase Transitions: Defects Make 2D Lead Chalcogenides Flexible Topological Materials
Authors: Xu Tao , Qian Tao , Wang Jie , Hirakata Hiroyuki , Shimada Takahiro , Kitamura Takayuki
Published: December 2023

Atomic‐scale polar topological configurations, such as skyrmions and merons, have garnered enormous interest due to their rich emergent physical phenomena and promising applications in next‐generation electronics. Despite recent progress in the exploration of 2D ferroelectrics, isolated polar topological structures in 2D lattices have not yet been explored. Here, an original design principle is proposed to remove the point group limit for polar structures while achieving atomic‐scale polar topological structures in non‐ferroelectric monolayers caused by defects in 2D materials. The first‐principles calculations show that an isolated polar meron with a diameter < 3.0 nm is generated in the deficient lead chalcogenide monolayer, and its formation is attributed to the synergic effects of vacancy‐induced radial atomic displacements and symmetry reduction in 2D materials. The emergent polar meron can transform to rich topological configurations under external stimuli or by manipulation of the defect concentrations. Furthermore, this strategy of atomic‐scale symmetry breaking via point defect engineering can be applied to a wide variety of 2D materials to induce polar topological structures. This work generalizes the polar topology from perovskite oxides to 2D materials, facilitating exciting opportunities to create high‐density topological configurations that enable the exploration of meron/skyrmion‐based functional nanodevices.
Ligand‐Screened Cerium‐Based MOF Microcapsules Promote Nerve Regeneration via Mitochondrial Energy Supply
Authors: Jiang Xinzhao , Wang Wei , Tang Jincheng , Han Meng , Xu Yichang , Zhang Lichen , Wu Jie , Huang Yiyang , Ding Zhouye , Sun Huiwen , Xi Kun , Gu Yong , Chen Liang
Published: December 2023

Although mitochondria are crucial for recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI), therapeutic strategies to modulate mitochondrial metabolic energy to coordinate the immune response and nerve regeneration are lacking. Here, a ligand‐screened cerium‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF) with better ROS scavenging and drug‐loading abilities is encapsulated with polydopamine after loading creatine to obtain microcapsules (Cr/Ce@PDA nanoparticles), which reverse the energy deficits in both macrophages and neuronal cells by combining ROS scavenging and energy supplementation. It reprogrames inflammatory macrophages to the proregenerative phenotype via the succinate/HIF‐1α/IL‐1β signaling axis. It also promotes the regeneration and differentiation of neural cells by activating the mTOR pathway and paracrine function of macrophages. In vivo experiments further confirm the effect of the microcapsules in regulating early ROS‐inflammation positive‐feedback chain reactions and continuously promoting nerve regeneration. This study provides a new strategy for correcting mitochondrial energy deficiency in the immune response and nerve regeneration following SCI.
Mineral phosphorus fertilization for silage corn in manured soils in the Fraser Valley, Canada
Authors: Nyamaizi Sylvia , Messiga Aimé J. , Cornelis Jean‐Thomas , Smukler Sean M. , Cade‐Menun Barbara J.
Published: December 2023

Efficient management of fertilizer phosphorus (P) is crucial for enhanced resilience of agro‐ecosystems. We assessed five rates (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 kg P ha−1) of starter P fertilizer on silage corn (Zea mays L) yield in high‐P manured soils at eight sites in 2020 and 2021 in the Fraser Valley, Canada, monitoring soil phosphate concentrations using anion exchange membranes (AEM‐P). At the V3 and V6 (3‐ and 6‐leaf) stages, corn dry matter (DM) weight response to starter P was not significant, except at one site where the critical rate was 5 kg P ha−1. At maturity, corn DM yields were in the optimum provincial range (20–25 Mg ha−1), with the exception of two sites, one with low initial soil P concentrations and the other with waterlogged soils. These results indicate that during the growing season, phosphate supply from manure application alone was sufficient for silage corn growth. Root length and diameter were not affected by starter fertilizer, while root surface area, volume, and root DM weight decreased with increasing starter fertilizer at the V3 stage in 2020. In addition, AEM‐P increased with starter P only during the first week after application. We conclude that starter fertilizer P, at any application rate, in high‐P manured soils does not improve silage corn yield; farmers applying manure at plowing in soils with high P concentrations can reduce or eliminate starter fertilizer P without impacting silage corn yields, decreasing reliance on off‐farm P inputs, and reducing potential P loss to the environment.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Arboduridine
Authors: Yang Rui , Zhou Zeyu , Jiang Huanfeng , Kam Toh‐Seok , Chen Kai , Ma Zhiqiang
Published: December 2023

The first asymmetric total synthesis of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloid arboduridine has been accomplished. The tricyclic A/B/D ring system was constructed by an enantioselective Michael reaction followed by intramolecular nucleophilic addition. Intramolecular α‐amination of a ketone forged the piperidine ring, while a Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons (HWE) reaction was used to form the pyrrolidine ring. A reduction cyclization cascade led to formation of the tetrahydrofuran ring.
Quest for high performance carbon capture membranes: Fabrication of SAPO‐34 and CNTs‐doped polyethersulfone‐based mixed‐matrix membranes
Authors: Nawaz Sidra , Sarfraz Muhammad , Qaiser Asif Ali , Alomar Muneerah , Gouadria Soumaya , BaQais Amal Ali
Published: December 2023

Gas separation process is an effective method for capturing and removing CO2 from post‐combustion flue gases. Due to their various essential properties such as ability to improve process efficiency, polymeric membranes are known to dominate the market. Trade‐off between gas permeability and selectivity through membranes limits their separation performance. In this study, solution casting cum phase separation method was utilized to create polyethersulfone‐based composite membranes doped with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and silico aluminophosphate (SAPO‐34) as nanofiller materials. Membrane properties were then examined by performing gas permeation test, chemical structural analysis and optical microscopy. While enhancing membranes CO2 permeance, SAPO‐34 and CNTs mixture improved their CO2/N2 selectivity. By carefully adjusting membrane casting factors such as filler loadings. Using Taguchi statistical analysis, their carbon capture efficiency was improved. The improved mixed‐matrix membrane with loading of 5 wt% CNTs and 10 wt% SAPO‐34 in PES showed highly promising separation performance with a CO2 permeability of 319 Barrer and an ideal CO2/N2 selectivity of 12, both of which are within the 2008 Robeson upper bound. A better mixed‐matrix membrane with outstanding CO2/N2 selectivity and CO2 permeability was produced as a result of the synergistic effect of adding two types of fillers in optimized loading.
The social behaviour of the common bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821) in the coastal waters of Lampedusa Island (Strait of Sicily, Italy)
Authors: Corrias Valentina , Moulins Aurélie , Filiciotto Francesco , Giardina Fabio
Published: December 2023

Research on social structure and residency provides important information on the dynamics of a population, improving knowledge of the species' behaviour and ecology. This study investigated the social network, site fidelity, and residency patterns of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) off Lampedusa Island.

Direct visual detection and photo‐identification methods were used to collect data during 124 boat‐based surveys conducted from 2013 to 2020. A total of 117 groups (mean size 4.5 ± 3.3) were sighted; 73 well‐marked animals were identified, of which 59% were resighted over the years.

The estimate of social differentiation was 0.72 (SE = 0.07), suggesting differentiated social groups within the community. Data were somewhat representative of the true social system, as the correlation coefficient was close to 0.4. However, the half‐weight index averaged 0.07 (±0.03), indicating individuals' low tendency to associate. Five social clusters were identified with strong relationships between individuals within each cluster, in which 94% of maximum association indices were ≥0.4. The data also highlighted preferred and avoided associations and stable relationships. The removal of individuals with the highest values of strength and eigenvector centrality from the network did not affect its connectivity, suggesting inherent robustness.

Despite the different levels of site fidelity among individuals, the results indicated rather high levels of yearly sighting rate. Temporary migration into and out of the area shown by this study indicates that Lampedusa coastal waters are an important, regularly used bottlenose dolphin habitat.

These results suggest extensive ranging behaviour, which implies the need for networking between institutions and organizations from the various states bordering the Strait of Sicily to address conservation efforts and inform regional management of the Mediterranean bottlenose dolphin population.
HS‐10352 in hormone receptor‐positive, HER2‐negative advanced breast cancer: A phase 1 dose‐escalation trial
Authors: Ouyang Quchang , Wang Ying , Zhang Jian , Wu Qiong , Wei Hongying , Li Chuan , Qian Xiaoling , Hu Xichun
Published: December 2023

Background

Approximately 40% of patients with hormone receptor (HR)‐positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐negative advanced breast cancer (ABC) exhibit PIK3CA mutations.

Aims

This study aims to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary antitumor activity of HS‐10352, a selective PI3Kα inhibitor, in this patient population.

Materials and Methods

Conducted as a phase 1 dose‐escalation trial, HS‐10352 was administered orally once‐daily (QD) at dose levels of 2, 4, 6, and 8 mg. The primary endpoints were dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT) and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04631835).

Results

Between August 2020 and March 2022, a total of 18 female patients were enrolled. DLT, manifested as hyperglycemia, occurred in two patients in the 8 mg QD group, establishing an MTD of 6 mg QD. The most common treatment‐related adverse events were hyperglycemia (88.9%) and weight loss (61.3%). In the 6 mg QD group, four patients (66.7%) had a partial response (PR), and one (16.7%) had stable disease (SD). Among the four patients with PIK3CA mutated tumors in this dosage group, three (75.0%) had PR and one (25.0%) had SD. The median progression‐free survival was not reached (95% confidence interval, 11.1‐NA).

Discussion and Conclusion

HS‐10352 at 6 mg QD was well‐tolerated in patients with HR‐positive, HER2‐negative ABC, and showed preliminary antitumor activity in patients with PIK3CA mutated tumors. These findings support the further clinical development of HS‐10352.
Climate warming increases insect‐driven seed removal of two elaiosome‐bearing invasive thistle species
Authors: Drees Trevor H. , Shea Katriona
Published: December 2023

Ants and other insects are often a source of localized secondary dispersal for wind‐dispersed plants and thus play an important ecological role in their spatial dynamics, but there is limited information on how climate change will affect such dispersal processes. Here, we use field experiments to investigate how climate warming affects seed removal, as this initiation of movement represents the first step in insect‐driven secondary dispersal. Our results indicate that for the invasive thistles Carduus nutans and Carduus acanthoides, increased growing temperature influences seed attractiveness to insect dispersers, with seeds from maternal plants grown at temperatures 0.6°C above ambient removed by insect dispersers at higher rates than their unwarmed counterparts. We also observe that seed elaiosomes in these two species play an important role in dispersal, as seeds without elaiosomes were significantly less likely to be removed over the same period. Significant interactions between elaiosome presence/absence and warming treatment were also observed, though only for C. acanthoides, with the boost in seed removal from warming dampened when the elaiosome was present compared to when it was absent. These findings provide evidence that climate warming may alter aspects of dispersal such as seed removal by secondary dispersers, with potential ramifications for dispersal in future climates since seed‐bearing plants around the world may be subject to increased growing temperatures, and many of these plant species bear elaiosomes and experience seed dispersal by insects.
Mapping landscape evolution in 3D: Climate change, natural hazard and human settlements across the 1618 Piuro landslide in the Italian Central Alps
Authors: Pigazzi Enrico , Bersezio Riccardo , Marotta Federica , Apuani Tiziana
Published: December 2023

Natural and anthropogenic mountain landscapes coevolve responding on different temporal scales to climate changes and geodynamics by a series of increments that cause the dynamic association of morphological stabilization surfaces, stratigraphic units and landforms. Understanding the incremental history of palimpsest landscapes helps to recognize and forecast the effects of climate change on the sensitive mountain environments, contributes to archaeological and historical reconstruction and supports management strategies for natural risks prevention and mitigation. The Italian Bregaglia Valley provides an excellent site to unravel the recent/historical increments of evolution of landforms and human settlement, permitting to map the paleo‐digital terrain models (DTMs) corresponding to the relevant landscape turning points. After the last de‐glaciation, two large‐scale landslides reshaped the valley floor, both predisposed by deep‐seated gravitational slope deformations and one surely triggered by intense rainfalls. The most recent and impacting event buried in 1618 the rich border town of Piuro, the ancient one occurred in the same area at least 1.5 ka before. Combining stratigraphic, geomorphological, topographic, archaeological and historical data, we drew the paleo‐DTMs of the pre‐ and post‐1618 settings of Piuro, sketching the landscape evolution. Since two millennia, human settlements took advantage of the decadal to secular most stable surfaces, represented by the inactive lobes of debris‐flow fans, the highest trunk river terraces and the top of humps formed by the ancient landslide body in the valley centre. Stratigraphic relationships, archaeological findings and age determinations show that both landslides diverted the trunk river and covered the existing fan lobes. On a secular timescale, fan progradation and trunk river terracing buried and reworked both the landslide bodies. The paleo‐DTMs show their original areal extent and permit to compute their volume and to sketch the setting of the buried Piuro settlements, drawing the changes of the Mera trunk river course and the chronology of activity of the lateral debris‐flow fan lobes.
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Kahn Justine , Dabaja Bouthaina , Wu Susan , Kelly Kara , Berkahn Leanne , Pavlovsky Astrid , Sureda Anna , LaCasce Ann
Published: December 2023

Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is rare disease, with an incidence of approximately 85,000 patients globally per year and a predilection for adolescents and young adults (ages 15–39). Since the introduction of combination chemotherapy in the 1960's and radiation dating back to the early 1900's, therapeutic options and by extension, clinical outcomes have improved dramatically with 5‐year overall survival (OS) approaching 90% today. [1](#ref‐0001) Advances in understanding HL biology have additionally facilitated development of targeted agents and immunotherapy which have further improved short and long‐term outcomes. Despite continued improvements in up‐front and salvage therapy, long‐term survivors of HL experience several treatment‐associated late toxicities, thus, along with efforts to improve therapeutic efficacy, efforts to reduce late effects remain a high‐priority in the field.
Polo‐like kinase 1 inhibitor NMS‐P937 represses nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression via induction of mitotic abnormalities
Authors: Gao Jing , Huang Weirong , Zhao Senxia , Wang Rong , Wang Zhilin , Ye Juanping , Lin Lie , Cai Weifeng , Mi Yanjun
Published: December 2023

Polo‐like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitor NMS‐P937 is a targeted therapeutic agent with good preclinical efficacy in various human cancers, and its therapeutic effect on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains to be determined. Here, to explore biological activity of NMS‐P937 in NPC, multiple types of NPC cells were utilized. We tested IC50 values, carried out flow cytometry, western blot analysis analysis, immunofluorescence, and constructed subcutaneous xenograft mouse models. We found that treatment with NMS‐P937 increased the proportion of G2/M phase NPC cells, where CyclinB1 expression was upregulated and CyclinE1 expression was downregulated. Besides, NMS‐P937 treatment‐induced NPC cell apoptosis with increased cleavage of PARP and caspase‐3. Mechanistically, NMS‐P937 treatment led to aberrant mitosis, causing increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. ROS scavenger N‐acetylcysteine partially reversed ROS levels induced by NMS‐P937. Furthermore, NMS‐P937 administration restrained NPC xenografts growth in nude mice. Overall, NMS‐P937 suppressed NPC cell proliferation and increased ROS levels, causing cell cycle abnormalities and apoptosis. NMS‐P937 holds great promise as a therapeutic agent for treating nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Observation of the neuroprotective efficacy of vitamin K in a streptozocin‐induced diabetes model in chick embryos
Authors: Vurmaz Ayhan , Atay Emre , Rakip Usame , Koca Tülay
Published: December 2023

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency and/or resistance. Vitamin K (VK) is a group of fat‐soluble molecules, including naturally occurring vitamin K1 (phylloquinone). vitamin K2 (menaquinone), and synthetic vitamin K3 (menadione). Beyond coagulation, the health benefits of VK have been described to play different roles in both physiological and pathological processes such as inflammation, energy metabolism, neuroprotection, cellular growth, and survival. It was aimed to observe the antioxidant and/or neuroprotective activity of vitamin K1 in our model of chick embryo diabetic neuropathy (DN) induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Ninety White Leghorn, fertile and 0‐day‐old SPF (specific pathogen‐free) eggs (57 ± 4 gr) were used in the study. Chick embryo blood brain tissues were taken for biochemical evaluation. Plasma insulin and glucose levels were measured. In addition, brain tissue total antioxidant level (TAS), total oxidant level (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were measured. Plasma glucose levels were higher in the STZ‐treated groups and lower in the treatment groups. Plasma insulin levels were observed to be higher in STZ groups in groups treated with high VK. Low TAS, high MDA, TOS, and VEGF levels were recorded in brain tissue STZ groups. Low VEGF, TOS, and MDA levels were recorded in the group treated with the highest VK, while high TAS levels were observed. In our STZ‐induced chick embryo diabetic neuropathy model, we observed that VK1 reduced oxidant damage by showing antioxidant properties or by modulating antioxidant enzymes.
SpyGlass DS system‐assisted retrieval of proximally migrated pancreatic duct stent in a patient with chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Thongpiya Jerapas , Lanke Gandhi , Yingchoncharoen Pitchaporn , Das Kanak
Published: December 2023

Pancreatic duct (PD) stent migration is among the recognized complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with PD stent placement. Proximal stent migration poses a challenge for removal due to risks of PD damage, smaller caliber, and possible stricture. Here, we present a case of SpyGlass DS system‐assisted PD stent repositioning after failure with traditional tools.
Heroes in oriented complete multipartite graphs
Authors: Aboulker Pierre , Aubian Guillaume , Charbit Pierre
Published: December 2023

The dichromatic number of a digraph is the minimum size of a partition of its vertices into acyclic induced subgraphs. Given a class of digraphs , a digraph is a hero in if ‐free digraphs of have bounded dichromatic number. In a seminal paper, Berger et al. give a simple characterisation of all heroes in tournaments. In this paper, we give a simple proof that heroes in quasitransitive oriented graphs (that are digraphs with no induced directed path on three vertices) are the same as heroes in tournaments. We also prove that it is not the case in the class of oriented multipartite graphs, disproving a conjecture of Aboulker, Charbit and Naserasr, and give a characterisation of heroes in oriented complete multipartite graphs up to the status of a single tournament on six vertices.
Mathematical modeling of terrorism dynamics: Qualitative analysis and theoretical perspective
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Goel Kanica , Nilam
Published: December 2023

Terrorism has become a daily occurrence in our world, and governments and security forces around the world are highly concerned about stopping or minimizing terrorist activities. This study proposes a new approach to counter‐terrorism through compartmental mathematical modeling on underlying principles of terrorism, such as recruiting new terrorists, military interventions, limitations in military interventions, desertion from the group, and influence time. We introduce the influence time in the present terrorism model to include the time it takes for a person to become a member of a terrorist group when effectively attracted. A system of delay differential equations is proposed to model terrorism dynamics. The model results are analyzed and investigated through qualitative analysis for two obtained equilibria, namely, a terrorism‐free equilibrium and terrorism‐persistent equilibrium. Finally, some numerical results support our analytical findings and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed counter‐terrorism mathematical modeling approach. This study enhances the theoretical understanding of policymakers on terrorism mitigation and offers valuable insights into developing effective counter‐terrorism strategies.
Surgical Correction of Nasal Obstruction and Its Effect on Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Symptoms
Authors: Daum Rachel , Grimm David , Castro Silva Bruna R. , Huang Alice E. , Lee Jennifer Y. , Nayak Jayakar V. , Patel Zara M. , Hwang Peter H. , Chang Michael T.
Published: December 2023

Objectives

To investigate how eustachian tube dysfunction symptoms change following surgical treatment of nonsinusitis‐related nasal obstruction.

Study Design

Retrospective chart review.

Setting

Single academic center.

Methods

We assessed patients who underwent septoplasty, turbinate reduction, or both for nasal obstruction. Chronic sinusitis patients were excluded. Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) symptoms were studied using the Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ‐7), collected preoperatively and postoperatively (1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months postop). Patients with preoperative ETDQ‐7 > 14.5 were considered to have clinically significant symptoms. Sinonasal outcomes test scores were also assessed. Pre‐ and postoperative ETDQ‐7 scores were compared using t test. Multivariate linear regression analysis identified factors associated with ETDQ‐7 change.

Results

We analyzed 259 patients. Preoperatively, 37.5% of patients with nasal obstruction had clinically significant ETD symptoms. These patients exhibited significant improvement in ETDQ‐7 at all postoperative timepoints from 23.3 ± 7.6 at baseline to 19.1 ± 9.1 at 1 week, 16.5 ± 8.0 at 1 month, 16.2 ± 7.8 at 3 months, and 16.7 ± 10.4 at 6 months (all P < .01). In patients without baseline ETD symptoms, (baseline ETDQ‐7: 9.1 ± 2.3) ETDQ‐7 scores did not change significantly at postoperative timepoints, except for an acute worsening at 1 week postoperatively (10.7 ± 5.1, P < .001). Regression analysis showed that higher preoperative ETDQ‐7 score (β = −0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.10 to −0.59) and postoperative antihistamine spray usage (β = −8.70, 95% CI: −14.20 to −3.20) were associated with ETDQ‐7 improvement, while comorbid GERD (β = 7.50, 95% CI: 3.42‐11.58) and asthma (β = 5.62, 95% CI: 0.80‐10.45) were negatively associated with improvement.

Conclusion

Surgical correction of nasal obstruction may improve ETD symptoms.
Construction mechanism of gellan gum/chitosan/calcium ion multiple‐network hydrogel by self‐assembly strategy and its regulation
Authors: Liang Lili , Liang Xuan , Lin Xiaoyan , Zhang Hao , Pang Chunxia , Pan Xunhai , Hu Yang , Chen Yan , Luo Xuegang
Published: December 2023

Recently, double‐network or multiple‐network hydrogel constructed by physical methods has been considered a green method to improve the comprehensive properties of biomass hydrogel. Herein, a novel physically cross‐linked hydrogel with multiple network of gellan gum/chitosan/calcium ion (GG–CS–Ca) was constructed by self‐assembly to accomplish the synergistic improvement of mechanical strength and uranium adsorption property compared to adsorbents GG–Ca and carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan/GG–Al originated from gellan gum previously prepared. Moreover, the driving mechanism of self‐assembly of GG–CS–Ca was deduced by 13C solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C‐SSNMR), rheological analysis, and phase transition analysis. The results indicated electrostatic interaction was dominant during the self‐assembly of GG–CS–Ca. The self‐assembly mechanism was also illustrated by investigating the x‐ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) combined with the analysis of the phase transition process. Comprehensively, the self‐assembly constructed GG–CS–Ca hydrogel network contained three kinds of network including the GG–CS network constructed by electrostatic action of protonated CS with negative charged GG, the GG–Ca network constructed by ionic cross‐linking of COO− in GG and Ca2+, and the GG network formed after the phase transformation of GG hot sol by cooling. It explored a new method for constructing biomass‐based physical hydrogels with both favorable mechanical strength and uranium adsorption capacity in uranium removal.

Highlights

A novel physically cross‐linked hydrogel (GG–CS–Ca) with multiple network was constructed by self‐assembly.

The GG–CS–Ca hydrogel accomplished the synergistic improvement of mechanical strength and uranium adsorption properties.

The self‐assembly mechanism of constructing the GG–CS–Ca hydrogel network contained three aspects.

The electrostatic interaction was the dominant action during the self‐assembly of GG–CS–Ca.
Eco‐friendly production and performance evaluation of water‐resistant cellulose nanofiber bioaerogels
Authors: Mawardi Indra , Saharudin Nur Izzaati , Ahmad Azfaralariff , Khalil H. P. S. Abdul , Abdullah Che Ku , Yahya Esam Bashir
Published: December 2023

A sustainable and environmentally conscious approach was employed to create a cellulose nanofiber (CNF) bioaerogel. This modified technique was used for its affordability and eco‐friendly nature, involved the use of reduced concentrations of NaOH solution (ranging from 0 to 0.5 M) to disperse the CNFs. The process included mixing, freezing, neutralizing, and freeze‐drying, ultimately resulting in well‐structured 3D bioaerogels. The concentration of NaOH had a significant impact on the properties of the bioaerogels. The density of the aerogels increases with higher concentration of NaOH. All treated aerogels exhibited impressive water resistance and maintained their structural integrity when exposed to water, indicating promising practical applications. This enhanced structural integrity is attributed to CNF chain rearrangement, facilitated by CNF swelling, dissolution in NaOH, and homogenization. FTIR and XRD analyses provided insight into the transition from cellulose I to cellulose‐II in the bioaerogel structure. These findings contribute to the development of eco‐friendly bioaerogels for environmentally conscious applications. Further research is needed to gain a deeper understanding of the process and to optimize conditions for specific bioaerogel properties.
The quantum revolution in vehicle sensor technology
Authors: Pang Hao
Published: December 2023

With technology like lidar heralding a revolution in vehicle automation, SWIR (short‐wave infrared) imaging and sensing will become increasingly vital to the automotive sector. Quantum dots, nanoscale semiconductors tunable to SWIR wavelengths, could provide the answer to empowering SWIR and bringing enhanced capability to the mass market.
Breastfeeding in infants who aspirate may increase risk of pulmonary inflammation
Authors: Duncan Daniel R. , Golden Clare , Larson Kara , Williams Nina , Simoneau Tregony , Rosen Rachel L.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To evaluate management strategies and pulmonary outcomes for breastfed infants with oropharyngeal dysphagia.

Study Design

We performed a retrospective cohort study of breastfed infants diagnosed with oropharyngeal dysphagia with documented aspiration or laryngeal penetration on videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS). Medical records were reviewed for VFSS results and speech‐language pathologist recommendations following VFSS, results of chest x‐ray, results of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) within 1 year of VFSS, and aspiration‐related hospitalizations occurring before or within 1 year of VFSS. Subjects were categorized as cleared or not cleared to breastfeed based on the VFSS. Proportions were compared with Chi‐square and Fisher's exact tests and means with Student's t‐tests.

Results

Seventy‐six infants (4.7 ± 0.4 months old) were included; 50% (38) had aspiration and 50% (38) had laryngeal penetration. After VFSS, 70% (53) were cleared to breastfeed while 30% (23) were not cleared to breastfeed. Patients with aspiration were less likely to be cleared to breastfeed (p = .006); however, 55% (21/38) of those with aspiration were still cleared to breastfeed. Infants cleared to breastfeed had significantly more pulmonary hospitalizations (p = .04) and were also at increased risk of elevated neutrophil count (p = .02) and culture growth on BAL (p = .01). Significantly increased abnormal neutrophil count was also found in those cleared to breastfeed with laryngeal penetration (p = .01).

Conclusions

Infants with oropharyngeal dysphagia counseled to continue breastfeeding had increased risk of BAL inflammation and more pulmonary hospitalizations compared to those that were told to stop breastfeeding.
Dual‐Energy CT in Breast Cancer: Current Applications and Future Outlooks
Authors: Guo Shaolan , Liu Tianye , Qu Guobin , Xu Jian , Liu Qingzeng , Zhao Qian , Bi Zhao , Li Wanhu , Zhu Jian
Published: December 2023

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancerous tumor in women, characterized by different subtypes and varying responses to treatment. The continued evolution of breast cancer diagnosis and management has resulted in a transition from a one‐size‐fits‐all approach to a new era of personalized treatment plans. Therefore, it is essential to accurately identify the biological characteristics of breast tissue in order to minimize unnecessary biopsies of benign lesions and improve the overall clinical process, leading to reduced expenses and complications associated with invasive biopsy procedures. Challenges for future research include finding ways to predict the response of breast cancer patients to adjuvant systemic treatment.

Dual‐energy CT (DECT) is a new imaging technology integrating functional imaging and molecular imaging. Over the past decade, DECT has gained relevancy, especially in oncological radiology. This article proposed a literature review of the application and research status of DECT in breast cancer treatment strategy determination and prognosis prediction.
Se as Eutectic Accelerator SPAN Cathode for K−S Batteries with Improved Specific Capacity and Reaction Kinetics
Authors: Yang Fang , Yun Zimeng , Gao Huihui , Gao Shuhan , Tian Zhihong , Huang Jiajia
Published: December 2023

Potassium‐sulfur (K−S) batteries are regarded as the most promising energy storage applications due to its excellent specific capacity, widespread resources and low‐cost of potassium and sulfur. As a cathode material, the unique solid‐solid reaction mechanism of sulfurized poly(acrylonitrile) (SPAN) effectively restrains the shuttle effect and closes to 100 % for coulombic efficiency. However, the application of SPAN is still limited by its sluggish kinetics and inferior cycle performance. Herein, a SPAN with Se as eutectic accelerator (Se‐SPAN) was synthesized via vacuum melting and sulfurization treatments, Se not only enhances the reaction kinetics of S but also improves utilization rate of S. Compared to SPAN, the Se‐SPAN shows outstanding capacity of 1551 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and 1311.3 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C. In addition, a superior cycle stability is acquired with a capacity retention of 87.4 % at 0.5 C for 100 cycles. Therefore, this work provides a strategy to design high performance electrode materials for K−S batteries.
Construction of Low Cost, and Platinum‐Free Counter Electrode for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Ahmad Khursheed , Niyitanga Theophile , Quasim Khan Mohd , Ahmad Khan Rais , Kim Haekyoung
Published: December 2023

Recently, design and fabrication of platinum free counter electrodes have received enormous attention of the scientific community. In this work, we have fabricated manganese dioxide/reduced graphene oxide (MnO2@Gr) counter electrode based DSSCs. Hydrothermal method was utilized for the synthesis of MnO2@Gr. Further, X‐ray diffraction technique (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (XPS) were employed as physiochemical characterization technique. Surface structural investigations showed that MnO2 has rods like surface morphology which are attached with Gr. The fabricated DSSCs demonstrated good open circuit voltage (Voc) and reasonable efficiency of 0.72 V and 5.87 %, respectively.
An ′On‐off‐on′ Fluorescence Sensor Based on CdSe Quantum Dots for the Selective Detection of Cd2+
Authors: Wu Huiyan , Liang Zhaowei , Zhang Zihan , Jiang Naijia , Luo Jianhua , Yang Liyun , Zhou Zhiqiang
Published: December 2023

In this work, an “on‐off‐on” nanoprobe for specific detection of Cd2+ was constructed using N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine (NAC)‐modified CdSe quantum dots (QDs). The prepared CdSe QDs exhibit characteristic green fluorescence. The adsorbed S2− on the surface of CdSe QDs leads to dangling bonds and causes the fluorescence quenching of QDs, where the fluorescence of the system turns “off“. When Cd2+ exists, it can react with the adsorbed S2− to form CdS shell, resulting in the fluorescence enhancement of CdSe QDs, where the fluorescence of the system turns “on”. Due to the similar lattice structure between CdSe and CdS, CdSe/CdS can be produced by shell deposition, while self‐nucleation of metal sulfide is observed in the presence of other metal ions. Thus, the developed nanoprobe shows high selectivity for Cd2+. Under the optimum sensing conditions, the fluorescence sensing signal of CdSe QDs depends linearly on the Cd2+ in the range of 0.2–9 μM. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of this nanoprobe is 27 nM and 90 nM, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed nanoprobe can monitor Cd2+ in drinking water with a recovery rate between 95.82 % and 102.00 %, indicating its good practicability and applicability for real sample analysis.
Synthesis, Docking and In Vitro Evaluation of Spiroindoline‐3,2’‐Quinazoline Derivatives
Authors: Addu Narender , Miriyala Hinuja , Kapavarapu Ravikumar , Kolli Sunder Kumar , Pal Manojit
Published: December 2023

The Wang‐OSO3H catalyzed synthesis of a series of spiroindoline‐3,2’‐quinazoline derivatives and their in silico and in vitro evaluation against MtbCM (Mycobacterium tuberculosis Chorismate Mutase) are disclosed. Initially, a library of small molecules based on spiroindoline‐3,2’‐quinazoline framework was constructed. The reaction of 2‐aminobenzamide with appropriate isatin derivatives in the presence of Wang‐OSO3H under ultrasound irradiation was used for this purpose. The reaction proceeded under mild conditions to afford the desired products in good yields within a short duration. With the use of heterogeneous catalyst, inexpensive solvent as reaction media, and ultrasound as the source of green energy the methodology appeared to be a useful alternative to the previously reported methods. The in silico docking of all the synthesized compounds into the MtbCM (PDB: 2FP2) revealed that the binding of these compounds took place on the external surface pockets of the MtbCM active site cavity mainly in two different clusters. Three compounds that interacted well with MtbCM also showed good (57–64 %) inhibition of MtbCM in vitro when tested at 10 μM. Based on in silico and in vitro studies along with the ADME predictions these three spiroindoline‐3,2’‐quinazoline derivatives were identified as pre‐hits.