bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pesticides removal performance by low‐pressure reverse osmosis membranes
Authors: Bhattacharya A. , Ray P. , Brahmbhatt H. , Vyas K. N. , Joshi S. V. , Devmurari C. V. , Trivedi J. J.
Published: August 2006

Pressure driven techniques (viz. reverse osmosis and nanofiltration) have the potentiality to remove the pesticides from water. The observations revealed that pesticides removal mostly depends upon the molecular weight (size exclusion) and hydrophobicity (log P) of the pesticides. Interfacial polymerization of m‐phenylene diamine (MPD) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) on the polysulfone membranes impart the salt rejection property in it. It is shown that with the greater salt rejection property, the performance removal of pesticides also is in increasing trend. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3575–3579, 2006
Influence of graphite particle size and shape on the properties of NBR
Authors: Yang Jian , Tian Ming , Jia Qing‐Xiu , Zhang Li‐Qun , Li Xiao‐Lin
Published: August 2006

Four graphite powder fillers with different form and size were mixed with acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR, acrylonitrile content at 26%) at 20, 40 and 60 phr of the filler loadings, and the obtained compounds were characterized by SEM, tensile test, friction and wear test. Through the SEM observation, it was found that the expanded graphite could not be broken down to small particles uniformly when blended with rubber on the twin‐roller. In the tensile test, the graphite with the smallest size possessed the best reinforcement ability as expected. The tribological properties of the rubber were improved when adding more graphite. The largest graphite particles imparted the lowest friction coefficient of the composites among four fillers, but the submicrometer graphite provided the best wear property to NBR. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 4007–4015, 2006
Interfacial interaction, morphology, and tensile properties of a composite of highly crystalline cellulose and maleated polypropylene
Authors: Qiu Wuline , Endo Takashi , Hirotsu Takahiro
Published: August 2006

A composite of highly crystalline cellulose was synthesized via a melt‐mixing method with maleic anhydride (MA)‐grafted polypropylene (PP), MAPP, which was prepared by melt‐mixing PP with 0.25–8.0 phr (part of reagent per hundred parts of PP) of MA, and the morphology and tensile properties were examined with respect to the interfacial interactions of MAPP and cellulose. The graft degree (Gd) of MAPP increases with an increase in the initial MA amount up to 2.5 phr, beyond which it decreases because of the remaining of more free MA monomers and/or the formation of more oligomers remaining in the matrix. The morphology and tensile properties of the composite are affected strongly by Gd as well as the presence of the free MA in the matrix. For the MAPP without any free MA, even the Gd value as small as 0.25–0.5 wt % yields a maximal tensile strength. The existence of free MA monomers in the MAPP decreases the tensile strength, probably because of interrupting the interactions of the grafted MA groups with the OH groups of cellulose. The tensile properties of the composite correlate with the interfacial adhesion as well as the dispersion of cellulose microfibers in the matrix, both of which are determined by the interactions of the OH groups on cellulose with the grafted MA groups. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3830–3841, 2006
Nonisothermal crystallization behavior of melt‐intercalated polyethylene‐clay nanocomposites
Authors: Yuan Q. , Awate S. , Misra R. D. K.
Published: August 2006

The influence of nanoclay particles on the nonisothermal crystallization behavior of intercalated polyethylene (PE) prepared by melt‐compounding was investigated. It is observed that the crystallization peak temperature (Tp) of PE/clay nanocomposites is slightly but consistently higher than the neat PE at various cooling rates. The half‐time (t0.5) for crystallization decreased with increase in clay content, implying the nucleating role of nanoclay particles. The nonisothermal crystallization data are analyzed using the approach of Avrami (Polymer 1971, 12, 150), Ozawa (Polym Eng Sci 1997, 37, 443), and Mo and coworkers (J Res Natl Bur Stand 1956, 57, 217), and the validity of the different kinetic models to the nonisothermal crystallization process of PE/clay nanocomposites is discussed. The approach developed by Mo and coworkers successfully explains the nonisothermal crystallization behavior of PE and PE/clay nanocomposites. The activation energy for nonisothermal crystallization of neat PE and PE/clay nanocomposites is determined using the Kissinger (J Res Natl Bur Stand 1956, 57, 217) method. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3809–3818, 2006
Environmental regulation and innovation driving ecological design in the UK automotive industry
Authors: Smith Mark , Crotty Jo
Published: August 2006

The theory of ecological modernization asserts that economic and environmental goals can be integrated within a framework of industrial modernity. Its central tenet is that environmental regulation can stimulate the application of ‘clean’ technologies or techniques. Ecological modernization also contends that environmental regulation can offer business benefits from innovation through improved product design and economic performance. The EU End of Life Vehicles Directive (ELVD) reflects many of these principles, as it compels all car manufacturers to ‘take back’ and dismantle vehicles at the end of their useful lives and to remove the hazardous substances from the production process. Each component will then be either reused or recycled. The legislation forces designers to introduce ‘clean design’ and ‘design for disassembly’ practices. In light of this, we examine the impact of the directive on UK automotive component manufacturers. We find limited evidence that the EU ELVD Directive has driven product innovation beyond short‐term, incremental technological trajectories. We therefore conclude that a more radical approach, in line with the ‘dematerialization’ thesis by Dobers and Wolff (1999), is needed to generate more radical, ecological design solutions within the UK automotive industry. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
The Role of the 11‐cis‐Retinal Ring Methyl Substituents in Visual Pigment Formation
Authors: Domínguez Marta , Álvarez Rosana , Pérez Martín , Palczewski Krzysztof , de Lera Angel R.
Published: August 2006

Artificial visual pigment formation from ring‐demethylated retinals was studied in an effort to understand the effect that methyl groups on the chromophore cyclohexenyl ring have on the visual cycle. The stereoselective synthesis of the 11‐cis‐ring‐demethylated analogues involves thallium‐accelerated Suzuki cross‐coupling reactions and highly stereocontrolled Wittig reactions to form key bonds. Only 11‐cis‐1,1,5‐trisdemethylretinal (2) failed to form an artificial pigment, whilst variable pigment‐formation yields were determined for the remaining analogues, increasing with the number (and location) of the chromophore hydrophobic ring methyl groups. Our results with the monodemethylated analogues 11‐cis‐5‐demethylretinal (4) and 11‐cis‐1‐demethylretinal (5) show that the C1–2‐CH3 groups are more important for pigment formation than the C5‐CH3 substituent. This is reflected in the absorption maxima of the artificial pigments, with values closer to that of native rhodopsin for 4. Docking studies based on a rhodopsin crystal structure, however, predict a lower pigment stability for 4 than for 5. Gas‐phase DFT (B3LYP/6‐31G*) computations of the free‐ligand geometries, conformational searches about the C6C7 bond, and docking studies revealed that, although the conformation of bound 5 is close to that of the native chromophore, the ligand needs to overcome the energy cost of shifting the unbound favored 6‐s‐trans conformation to the bound 6‐s‐cis form. In addition, the presence of an extra methyl group at C18 (11‐cis‐18‐methylretinal, 7) is tolerated well and adds further stability to the complex, most probably due to increased hydrophobic interactions.
Theoretical Probing of Deltahedral closo‐AuroBoranes BxAux2‐ (x = 5—12)
Authors: Zubarev Dmitry Yu. , Li Jun , Wang Lai‐Sheng , Boldyrev Alexander I.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Crystal Growth, Transport, and Magnetic Properties of Ln3Co4Sn13 (Ln: La, Ce) with a Perovskite‐Like Structure.
Authors: Thomas Evan Lyle , Lee Han‐Oh , Bankston Andrew N. , MaQuilon Samuel , Klavins Peter , Moldovan Monica , Young David P. , Fisk Zachary , Chan Julia Y.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
CuAl2 Revisited: Composition, Crystal Structure, Chemical Bonding, Compressibility and Raman Spectroscopy.
Authors: Grin Yuri , Wagner Frank R. , Armbruester Marc , Kohout Miroslav , Leithe‐Jasper Andreas , Schwarz Ulrich , Wedig Ulrich , von Schnering Hans Georg
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Large Magnetoresistance in a Ferromagnetic Cobalite: The 12H Ba0.9CoO2.6.
Authors: Maignan A. , Hebert S. , Pelloquin D. , Pralong V.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Enantioselective Hydrogenation of α‐Keto Esters Catalyzed by Ru‐Tunephos Complexes.
Authors: Wang Chun‐Jiang , Sun Xianfeng , Zhang Xumu
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Enantioselective Addition of in situ Prepared Arylzinc to Aldehydes Catalyzed by a Series of Atropisomeric Binaphthyl‐Derived Amino Alcohols.
Authors: Lu Gui , Kwong Fuk Yee , Ruan Ji‐Wu , Li Yue‐Ming , Chan Albert S. C.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Synthetic Approach to Fluorine‐Containing Acetylenic Compounds Based on Nicholas Reaction.
Authors: Konno Tsutomu , Nagai Go , Ishihara Takashi
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Solvent‐Free L‐Proline Catalyzed Condensation of Ethyl Cyanoacetate with Aldehydes.
Authors: Oskooie Hossein A. , Roomizadeh Elham , Heravi Majid M.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Radical Trifluoromethylation of Ti Ate Enolate: Possible Intervention of Transformation of Ti(IV) to Ti(III) for Radical Termination.
Authors: Itoh Yoshimitsu , Mikami Koichi
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Liquid Crystals Based on Hypervalent Sulfur Fluorides. Part 4. Pentafluorosulfanyl Alkanes and Olefins.
Authors: Kirsch Peer , Binder Joerg T. , Lork Enno , Roeschenthaler Gerd‐Volker
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Buchwald—Hartwig Type Amination of Fluorous Arylsulfonates.
Authors: Zhang Wei , Nagashima Tadamichi
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
1,1‐Bis(trifluoromethyl)butadiene‐1,3 — A New Fluorinated Building Block.
Authors: Petrov Viacheslav A.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Alkylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Imines via C—H Bond Activation.
Authors: Colby Denise A. , Bergman Robert G. , Ellman Jonathan A.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Efficient and User‐Friendly Strategy for the Synthesis of Cyclopropane and Dihydrofuran Rings from Difunctional Compounds.
Authors: Mekonnen Alemayehu , Carlson Rolf
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Rapid and High‐Yield Synthesis of Aryloxyacetic Acid in One‐Pot under Microwave Irradiation and Phase Transfer Catalysis Conditions.
Authors: Wei Tai‐Bao , Liu Hong , Li Man‐Lin , Zhang You‐Ming
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Expedient, Flexible and Convergent Access to Selectively Protected 1,5‐Dicarbonyl Compounds. Applications to the Synthesis of 2,6‐Disubstituted Pyridines and Thiopyridines.
Authors: Boivin Jean , Carpentier Floriane , Jrad Rafik
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Isomeric Derivatives of Naturally Occurring Spatozoate.
Authors: Hayat Safdar , Atta‐ur‐Rahman Atta‐ur‐Rahman , Choudhary Muhammad Iqbal , Khan Khalid Mohammed , Perveen Shahnaz , Shah Syed Tasadaque Ali , Anwar Awais , Anwar M. Usman , Bayer Ernst , Voelter Wolfgang
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chiral Activated Alkenes Induced Asymmetric Baylis—Hillman Reaction in Me3N/H2O/Solvent Medium.
Authors: He Ke , Zhou Zhenghong , Zhao Guofeng , Tang Chuchi
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Assisted Benzoin Condensation Using Thiamine as Catalyst.
Authors: Bag Seema , Vaze Vidula V. , Degani Mariam S.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Convenient Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Furans from Propargylic Dithioacetals.
Authors: Tseng Jui‐Chang , Chen Jia‐Hong , Luh Tien‐Yau
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Oxidative Mannich Reaction Catalyzed by Dirhodium Caprolactamate.
Authors: Catino Arthur J. , Nichols Jason M. , Nettles Brian J. , Doyle Michael P.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Potent 5‐Nitrofuryl Derivatives as Inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi Growth. 3D‐QSAR (CoMFA) Studies.
Authors: Aguirre Gabriela , Boiani Mariana , Cabrera Eliana , Cerecetto Hugo , Di Maio Rossanna , Gonzalez Mercedes , Denicola Ana , Sant'Anna Carlos Mauricio R. , Barreiro Eliezer J.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of Aromatic C‐Thionucleosides.
Authors: Juarez Ernesto , Garcia Adriana , Hommer Herbert , Salas Magali , Gordillo Barbara
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Functionalized Dihydrofuran Derivatives: Synthesis by Diastereoselective Intramolecular Wittig Reaction.
Authors: Azizian Javad , Karimi Ali Reza , Soleimani Ebrahim , Mohammadi Ali A. , Mohammadizadeh Mohammad R.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Critical Modifications of the ISO‐1 Scaffold Improve Its Potent Inhibition of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Tautomerase Activity.
Authors: Cheng Kai Fan , Al‐Abed Yousef
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave Assisted Synthesis of 1‐(2‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐5‐phenylpent‐4‐ene‐1,3‐diones (III) and Their Conversion to 2‐Styrylchromones (IV).
Authors: Goel Sharda , Ritu Ritu , Makrandi J. K.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Direct Synthesis of Polysubstituted Quinoline Derivatives by InBr3‐Promoted Dimerization of 2‐Ethynylaniline Derivatives.
Authors: Sakai Norio , Annaka Kimiyoshi , Konakahara Takeo
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Entry to Polysubstituted Pyrrolizidines, Indolizidines and Quinolizidines via a Sequential Reaction Process.
Authors: Ma Dawei , Zhu Wei
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Molecular Tweezers Bearing Pentafluorophenyl and Several Pendant Aryl Groups. Effective Application of the Modified Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Korenaga Toshinobu , Kosaki Takahiro , Kawauchi Yusuke , Ema Tadashi , Sakai Takashi
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Coupling‐Isomerization—N,S‐Ketene Acetal‐Addition Sequences — A Three‐Component Approach to Highly Fluorescent Pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyridines, [1,8]Naphthyridines, and Pyrido[2,3‐b]azepines.
Authors: Schramm Oana G. Schramm Oana G. , Oeser Thomas , Mueller Thomas J. J.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of New Bridgehead Heterocycles: Pyrimido[3′,2′:3,4]‐1,2,4‐triazino[5,6‐b]indoles.
Authors: Bhagat Sunita , Jain Manish , Pandey Mukesh K. , Pragati Pragati , Saxena Anjali , Jain Subhash C.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 2‐(6‐Fluorobenzothiazole‐2′‐ylamino)‐4‐(phenylthioureido)‐6‐ (substituted thioureido)‐1,3,5‐triazine (VII) as Antimicrobial Agent.
Authors: Sareen Vineeta , Khatri Vineeta , Jain Prakash , Sharma Kanti
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of N,N‐Bis(3‐butenyl)amines from 2‐Azaallyl Dication Synthetic Equivalents and Conversion to 2,3,6,7‐Tetrahydroazepines by Ring‐Closing Metathesis.
Authors: Pearson William H. , Aponick Aaron , Dietz Amber L.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Electrolytic Partial Fluorination of Organic Compounds. Part 84. Anodic Mono‐ and Difluoronation of Benzylphosphonate Derivatives.
Authors: Zagipa Bakenova , Hidaka Asami , Cao Yi , Fuchigami Toshio
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Discovery of Indole‐Containing Tetracycles as a New Scaffold for Androgen Receptor Ligands.
Authors: Zhang Xuqing , Li Xiaojie , Allan George F. , Musto Amy , Lundeen Scott G. , Sui Zhihua
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regioselective Benzylation of Azido‐Containing Monosaccharides.
Authors: Fan Qiu‐Hua , Li Qin , Zhang Li‐He , Ye Xin‐Shan
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of New Pterocarpans and Rapid O‐Alkylation under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Evangelista E. A. , Couri M. R. C. , Raslan D. S. , Alves R. B.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of the 5‐Hydroxymethyl‐6‐aryl‐8‐oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct‐3‐en‐2‐one Natural Products Descurainin (Ia) and Cartorimine (Ib).
Authors: Snider Barry B. , Grabowski James F.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Improved Synthesis of Psammaplin A.
Authors: Godert Amy M. , Angelino Norman , Woloszynska‐Read Anna , Morey Shannon R. , James Smitha R. , Karpf Adam R. , Sufrin Janice R.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Racemic and Chiral Sulfoxides as Potential Prodrugs of the COX‐2 Inhibitors Vioxx® and Arcoxia®.
Authors: Caturla Francisco , Amat Merce , Reinoso Raquel F. , Cordoba Monica , Warrellow Graham
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Discovery of SB‐705498: A Potent, Selective and Orally Bioavailable TRPV1 Antagonist Suitable for Clinical Development.
Authors: Rami Harshad K. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Utilization of Combinatorial Method and High Throughput Experimentation for Development of Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Yamada Yusuke , Kobayashi Tetsuhiko
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Organo‐Transition‐Metal Cluster Complexes
Authors: Humphrey Mark G. , Cifuentes Marie P.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Scandium, Yttrium and the Lanthanoids
Authors: Brennan John G. , Sella Andrea
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Some Retrospectives and Perspectives in Main Group Chemistry
Authors: Cowley Alan H.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Advances in the Stevens Rearrangement of Ammonium Ylides. Application to the Synthesis of Alkaloid Natural Products
Authors: Vanecko John A. , Wan Hayley , West Frederick G.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Design of Multicomponent Reactions: From Libraries of Compounds to Libraries of Reactions.
Authors: Mironov Maxim A.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Charting Biological and Chemical Space: PSSC and SCONP as Guiding Principles for the Development of Compound Collections Based on Natural Product Scaffolds.
Authors: Arve Lars , Voigt Tobias , Waldmann Herbert
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Syntheses of Polysubstituted Furans: Recent Developments
Authors: Kirsch Stefan F.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Novel Support or Promoter of Catalysts
Authors: Zhang Hong‐Bin , Lin Guo‐Dong , Yuan You‐Zhu
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Bismuth(III) Salts: Green Catalysts for Organic Transformations
Authors: Le Roux C.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hydrogen Peroxide in Fluorinated Alcohols: A Potent and Selective Oxidative System
Authors: Iskra Jernej
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Syntheses of Cylindricine Alkaloids
Authors: Liu Jia , Hsung Richard P.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hydroxyphosphines
Authors: Gensow Mandy‐Nicole , Boerner Armin
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Peptide and Peptide‐like Modulators of 20S Proteasome Enzymatic Activity in Cancer Cells
Authors: Garcia‐Echeverria Carlos
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An analytical approach to the performance evaluation of the balanced gamma switch under multicast traffic
Authors: Li Cheng , Venkatesan R. , M. Heys Howard
Published: August 2006

This paper presents the performance evaluation of a new cell‐based multicast switch for broadband communications. Using distributed control and a modular design, the balanced gamma (BG) switch features high performance for unicast, multicast and combined traffic under both random and bursty conditions. Although it has buffers on input and output ports, the multicast BG switch follows predominantly an output‐buffered architecture. The performance is evaluated under uniform and non‐uniform traffic conditions in terms of cell loss ratio and cell delay. An analytical model is presented to analyse the performance of the multicast BG switch under multicast random traffic and used to verify simulation results. The delay performance under multicast bursty traffic is compared with those from an ideal pure output‐buffered multicast switch to demonstrate how close its performance is to that of the ideal but impractical switch. Performance comparisons with other published switches are also studied through simulation for non‐uniform and bursty traffic. It is shown that the multicast BG switch achieves a performance close to that of the ideal switch while keeping hardware complexity reasonable. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Static and dynamic body image in bulimia nervosa: Mental representation of body dimensions and biological motion patterns
Authors: Vocks Silja , Legenbauer Tanja , Rüddel Heinz , Troje Nikolaus F.
Published: August 2006

Objective:

The aim of the present study was to find out whether in bulimia nervosa the perceptual component of a disturbed body image is restricted to the overestimation of one's own body dimensions (static body image) or can be extended to a misperception of one's own motion patterns (dynamic body image).

Method:

Participants with bulimia nervosa (n = 30) and normal controls (n = 55) estimated their body dimensions by means of a photo distortion technique and their walking patterns using a biological motion distortion device.

Results:

Not only did participants with bulimia nervosa overestimate their own body dimensions, but also they perceived their own motion patterns corresponding to a higher BMI than did controls. Static body image was correlated with shape/weight concerns and drive for thinness, whereas dynamic body image was associated with social insecurity and body image avoidance.

Conclusion:

In bulimia nervosa, body image disturbances can be extended to a dynamic component. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006
National identification, type and specificity of comparison and their effects on descriptions of national character
Authors: Nigbur Dennis , Cinnirella Marco
Published: August 2006

Studies conducted in Britain (n = 88) and Germany (n = 128) used a questionnaire with an experimental manipulation to examine the effects of national identification, type of comparison (intergroup or temporal) and specificity of comparison (specific or non‐specific) on trait descriptions of national identity. Both differentiation between the subject and object of comparison and the absolute stereotype of the national ingroup (i.e. the national autostereotype) were measured. Regression analyses found that high identification was associated with greater ingroup bias and an overall more positive autostereotype; that specific temporal comparison with a shameful past (slavery for the British and the Nazi era for the German sample) predicted greater differentiation from the present than non‐specific comparisons with ‘the past’ in general; and that specific comparisons with the Americans or a shameful history precipitated greater differentiation and (in the British sample) a departure of the autostereotype from a control condition that entailed no comparison. We argue that our approach can contribute to a more holistic social identity analysis of nationality. Future research should distinguish the effects of context from those of identification, show an awareness of the potential differences between specific and non‐specific comparisons, and examine a greater variety of temporal comparison targets. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Group domination and inequality in context: evidence for the unstable meanings of social dominance and authoritarianism
Authors: Lehmiller Justin J. , Schmitt Michael T.
Published: August 2006

Both social dominance orientation (SDO) and right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA) are assumed to be general and relatively stable psychological orientations that individuals ‘carry with them’ from context to context, influencing responses to salient forms of intergroup inequality and domination. In two experimental studies we tested the relative stability of SDO (Studies 1 and 2) and RWA (Study 1). That is, we examined whether people who score relatively high on SDO/RWA in one context tend to support intergroup hierarchy and domination in other contexts. To do so, we manipulated the salience of different intergroup relationships before measuring SDO and RWA, and then observed the associations among these constructs and attitudes toward specific intergroup relationships and legitimizing ideologies (support for war, conservatism, heterosexism, and religious fundamentalism). Contrary to the assumption of relative stability, the extent to which SDO and RWA were related to these specific attitudes and ideologies varied markedly depending on the experimental context. These results highlight the contextual basis and meaning of individuals' expressed support for group‐based dominance. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Markedly different effects of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate‐A on the differentiation of human articular chondrocytes in micromass and 3‐D honeycomb rotation cultures
Authors: Banu Nasreen , Tsuchiya Toshie
Published: August 2006

A source of morphologically and functionally available human cartilagenous tissue for implantation is required in the field of tissue engineering. To achieve this goal, we evaluated the effects of hyaluronic acid (HA‐810 and 1680 kDa), and chondroitin sulfate (CS‐A 16 and C‐34 kDa) on human articular chondrocytes (HC) in micromass and rotation culture conditions. Cell proliferation was increased by CS‐A 16 kDa under micromass and rotation cultures, while cell differentiation was increased under rotation but not micromass conditions. Proliferation and differentiation due to CS‐C 34 kDa were very similar to the control under both culture conditions. With HA, cell proliferation was increased depending on the molecular weight under micromass and rotation conditions. In contrast, chondrocyte differentiation was enhanced under rotation conditions, but decreased under micromass conditions depending on the molecular weight of HA. In both culture conditions, aggrecan gene was continuously expressed. However, the collagen type II gene was more weakly expressed in rotation than the micromass culture conditions. Thus, the chemical structures of polysaccharides, and the culture condition, rotation or micromass, caused differences in chondrogenesis. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
The interaction of human bone marrow cells with nanotopographical features in three dimensional constructs
Authors: Berry C.C. , Dalby M.J. , Oreffo R.O.C. , McCloy D. , Affrosman S.
Published: August 2006

Until now, nanotopography has been considered in 2D construct designs. This has been due to fabrication limitations with traditional lithographic processes relying on the ability to focus radiation that will expose a radiation sensitive resist (e.g. photolithography and electron beam lithography). More recently, alternative methods that offer rapid and cheap nanofabrication have been developed; such methods include polymer demixing and colloidal lithography. Polymer demixing in 2D has relied on spin casting of polymer blends—such as polystyrene and polybromostyrene in a solvent such as toluene. As the solvent evaporates, the polymers phase separate and form nanoislands. In this study, the polymer blend solution has been blown through fine tubes and allowed to demix, thus providing 3D constructs for cell biology. The ability to fabricate in tubes may be useful in many applications, for example stents, conduits, and bone repair (when considering structures such as Haversian tubes and Volkmann's canals). As proof of concept, human osteoprogenitor cells have been used to test the cell response to the nanopatterned tubes. The results show that nanofeatures of size X, diameter Y, and spacing Z decrease cell spreading, reduce cytoskeletal organization, and increase endocytotic activity within the cells. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Hardness, elasticity, and ultrastructure of bonded sound and caries‐affected primary tooth dentin
Authors: Hosoya Y. , Tay F. R.
Published: August 2006

Biomechanical properties of bonded dentin are important factors for resin restoration. We evaluated the hardness and elastic modulus of bonded sound and caries‐affected primary tooth dentin using a one‐step adhesive system, and observed the microstructure of the bonded interface. Six sound and six carious primary teeth were used. For sound teeth, flat occlusal dentin surfaces were prepared with a water‐cooled high‐speed diamond bur. For carious teeth, infected dentin was stained with a caries detector and removed with a water‐cooled low‐speed round steel bur and hand instruments. The prepared dentin was bonded with One‐Up Bond F Plus (Tokuyama Dental Co., Tokyo, Japan). The resin–dentin interface and dentin beneath the interface were measured with a nano‐indentation tester and observed with SEM and TEM. For both the carious and sound teeth, there was no significant difference between the hardness of the interfacial dentin and dentin 10–80 μm beneath the interface. However, the Young's modulus of the interfacial dentin was significantly lower than the dentin 40–80 μm (carious teeth) or 50–80 μm (sound teeth) beneath the interface. Both the hardness and Young's modulus of the interfacial dentin were not significantly different between the carious and sound teeth. Compared to the sound dentin, the hybrid layer on the caries‐affected dentin was thicker and exhibited more complicated morphologic features. The thickness of the hybrid layers was generally less than 1 μm. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Sorption kinetics of ethanol/water solution by dimethacrylate‐based dental resins and resin composites
Authors: Sideridou Irini D. , Achilias Dimitris S. , Karabela Maria M.
Published: August 2006

In the present investigation the sorption–desorption kinetics of 75 vol % ethanol/water solution by dimethacrylate‐based dental resins and resin composites was studied in detail. The resins examined were made by light‐curing of bisphenol A glycol dimethacrylate (Bis‐GMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), bisphenol A ethoxylated dimethacrylate (Bis‐EMA), and mixtures of these monomers. The resin composites were prepared from two commercial light‐cured restorative materials (Z100 MP and Filtek Z250), the resin matrix of which is based on copolymers of the above‐mentioned monomers. Ethanol/water sorption/desorption was examined in both equilibrium and dynamic conditions in two adjacent sorption–desorption cycles. For all the materials studied, it was found that the amount of ethanol/water sorbed or desorbed was always larger than the corresponding one reported in literature in case of water immersion. It was also observed that the chemical structure of the monomers used for the preparation of the resins directly affects the amount of solvent sorbed or desorbed, as well as sorption kinetics, while desorption rate was nearly unaffected. In the case of composites studied, it seems that the sorption/desorption process is not influenced much by the presence of filler. Furthermore, diffusion coefficients calculated for the resins were larger than those of the composites and were always higher during desorption than during sorption. Finally, an interesting finding concerning the rate of ethanol/water sorption was that all resins and composites followed Fickian diffusion kinetics during almost the whole sorption curve; however, during desorption the experimental data were overestimated by the theoretical model. Instead, it was found that a dual diffusion–relaxation model was able to accurately predict experimental data during the whole desorption curve. Kinetic relaxation parameters, together with diffusion coefficients, are reported for all resins and composites. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
A simple method to obtain en face sections of flat tissue culture cells
Authors: Piras Monica , Diaz Giacomo , Tandler Bernard , Bernardini Silvana , Cossu Margherita , Lantini Maria S. , Falchi Angela M. , Melis Marta , Piludu Marco
Published: August 2006

A method is described for embedment of multiple confluent sheets of flat tissue culture cells that permits sectioning for thin or semithin sections in precise planes. The technique is especially useful for obtaining en face sections. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sensitivity of CFP/YFP and GFP/mCherry pairs to donor photobleaching on FRET determination by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy in living cells
Authors: Tramier Marc , Zahid Morad , Mevel Jean‐Claude , Masse Marie‐Jo , Coppey‐Moisan Maïté
Published: August 2006

Fluorescent protein‐based FRET is a powerful method for visualizing protein–protein interactions and biochemical reactions in living cells. It can be difficult, however, to avoid photobleaching when observing fluorescent cells under the microscope, especially those expressing CFP. We compared the sensitivity of two protein‐based FRET pairs to light‐induced fluorescence changes in the donor, on FRET determination by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). Thanks to the very low excitation light levels of the time‐ and space‐correlated single photon counting (TSCSPC) method, FLIM acquisitions were achieved without donor photobleaching. Here, we show that photobleaching of CFP by a mercury lamp under the microscope induced a decrease in the mean fluorescence lifetime, which interfered with FRET determination between CFP and YFP. Importantly, the range of light‐induced variation of the mean fluorescence lifetime of CFP was not proportional to the decrease in the steady state fluorescence intensity and varied from cell to cell. The choice of the CFP/YFP pair therefore requires that the cells be observed and analyzed at very low light levels during the whole FRET experiment. In contrast, the GFP/mCherry pair provided an accurate FRET measurement by FLIM, even if some GFP photobleaching took place. We thus demonstrate that CFP can be an unreliable donor for FRET determination in living cells, due to its photosensitivity properties. We demonstrate that the GFP/mCherry pair is better suited for FRET measurement by FLIM in living cells than the CFP/YFP pair. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional delayed gadolinium‐enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) at 1.5T and 3.0T
Authors: McKenzie Charles A. , Williams Ashley , Prasad Pottumarthi V. , Burstein Deborah
Published: August 2006

Purpose

To implement and validate a three‐dimensional (3D) T1 measurement technique that is suitable for delayed gadolinium (Gd)‐enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) and can be easily implemented with clinically available pulse sequences at 1.5T and 3.0T.

Materials and Methods

A 3D inversion‐recovery prepared spoiled gradient‐echo (IR‐SPGR) imaging pulse sequence with variable TR was used to implement a 3D T1 measurement protocol. The 3D T1 measurements were validated against a gold‐standard single‐slice 2D IR T1 measurement protocol in both phantoms and in vivo, in both asymptomatic volunteers and volunteers with osteoarthritis (OA).

Results

T1 measurements in phantoms showed a statistically significant correlation between the 2D and 3D measurements at 1.5T (R2 = 0.993, P < 0.001) and 3.0T (R2 = 0.996, P < 0.001). In vivo application demonstrated the feasibility of using this 3D IR‐SPGR sequence to evaluate the molecular status of articular cartilage throughout the knee joint with 0.63 × 0.63 × 3.0 mm spatial resolution within a 20‐minute acquisition, even with the measurement parameters set for the higher T1(Gd) of cartilage at 3T (range = 400–900 msec mean T1 within a region of interest (ROI) in cartilage, compared to 200–600 msec mean T1 at 1.5T).

Conclusion

This 3D T1 measurement protocol may prove useful for the evaluation and follow‐up of cartilage dGEMRIC indices in clinical studies of OA. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo cardiovascular catheterization under real‐time MRI guidance
Authors: Zhang Shaoxiong , Rafie Shervin , Chen Yiping , Hillenbrand Claudia M. , Wacker Frank K. , Duerk Jeffrey L. , Lewin Jonathan S.
Published: August 2006

Purpose

To test the hypothesis that cardiac and coronary catheterization can be successfully performed under real‐time MR guidance using a conventional x‐ray angiographic catheter.

Materials and Methods

Cardiac and coronary catheterization was conducted on eight farm pigs using a real‐time True FISP sequence. A pigtail catheter was used for both left‐ and right‐heart catheterizations performed on all eight animals, while an Amplatz or Judkins catheter was used for the right coronary catheterization that was attempted on five animals. The intravascular devices were visualized by means of their native susceptibility artifacts. For right coronary artery catheterizations, 25% diluted gadolinium (Gd) contrast material was injected to confirm engagement of the right coronary artery.

Results

Cardiac catheterization of both the right‐ and left‐heart chambers was successfully performed in all eight pigs. In addition, right coronary catheterization was successfully completed in four of the five pigs in which it was attempted. The procedure time for cardiac catheterization was one minute, while the time range required for coronary catheterization was 32–91 minutes.

Conclusion

This work demonstrates that MRI‐guided cardiac catheterization using conventional X‐ray angiographic catheters is feasible; however, coronary catheterization with this passive‐tracking technique is limited. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.