bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Humic substances and plant abiotic stress adaptation
Authors: Canellas Luciano Pasqualoto , da Silva Rakiely Martins , Busato Jader Galba , Olivares Fábio Lopes
Published: May 2024

Background

Traditional agriculture is on the front line of climate change, being most impacted by the increase in the intensity and frequency of extreme events, such as floods, drought and rising temperatures. Local ecological knowledge is a recognized keystone of successfully managed socioecological systems, but loss of soil fertility, water scarcity, incidence of diseases and decreased production due to climate change are linked to the greater vulnerability experienced by traditional farmers. Plant biostimulants are natural products used to stimulate nutrient uptake and efficiency by crops, increase tolerance to abiotic/biotic stress and improve quality without negative impacts on the environment if obtained from renewed sources. Humic substances are some of the most used plant biostimulants in agriculture and play a central role in plant adaptation.

Materials and methods

We reviewed and discussed a sample set of papers (n = 52) about humic substances to mitigate abiotic stress in crops using data basis from Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics), Scopus—IBM (International Business Machines Corporation), and Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online).

Results

The predominance of authors in the global south is notable, but it is not a coincidence, since this is where the effects of climate change will have the greatest impact. The mechanisms involved in the stress mitigation involve the activation of signaling factors, gene response induction, the accumulation of osmoprotective and anti-oxidant compounds, the induction of antioxidative metabolism, ion homeostasis, membrane transport and adjustment of hormonal balance. The intriguing question is: how can a complex mixture of molecules affect so many distinct effects on plants responsible for plant adaptation?

Conclusions

The complexity of humic substances challenges our knowledge method, but supramolecular chemistry may provide answers that enable us to broaden our understanding of the plant defense mechanisms modulated by these substances.

Graphical Abstract
Fast, accessible and reliable method for elemental analysis of metals in solution by ED-XRF spectroscopy
Authors: Figueiredo Filipe M. J. , Carretas José M. , Leal João P. , Sardinha José M.
Published: May 2024

The measurement of metals in solution is usually performed using inductive coupled plasma hyphenated techniques or atomic absorption. Although very sensitive and accurate, these analytical techniques are quite expensive and do not allow field measurements. The present work takes advantage of energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) ease-of-use features to determine the concentration of rare earth elements (Y, Pr, Nd, Eu) and others (S, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn) in aqueous solutions, after appropriate sample treatment. The approach turned out to be a reliable and very convenient procedure for field analysis. The simplicity, speed and reliability of the methodology used combined with the possibility of simultaneous analysis and low cost of the method can be advantageous in industrial context. The approach relies on the suspension of the target solutions in a cellulose matrix that is further converted into a pellet for direct analysis. Calibration curves obtained by regression analysis at 5% significance are shown for a variety of elements (S, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Pr, Nd, Eu) with correlation coefficients between 0.9555 and 0.9980. Higher coefficients of variance were obtained for the calibration of S and Pr due to low sensitivity and the overlapping with the L lines of Nd, respectively. The performed calibrations were not affected by the presence of other analytes in the matrix. Results obtained showed that it is possible to use the proposed methodology to accurately quantify d and f block metals in aqueous solutions by ED-XRF after sequestering the chemical content into a cellulose powder matrix and further processing into a pellet.

Graphical Abstract
The comparison of visibility of the maxillary sinus septa between cone-beam computed tomography scans and panoramic radiograph images as dependent on the cortical bone thickness: a retrospective comparative study
Authors: Ketabi Ali Reza , Hassfeld Stefan , Lauer Hans-Christoph , Piwowarczyk Andree
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To analyze the visibility of the maxillary sinus septa (MSS) in panoramic radiography (PR) versus cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to investigate whether the buccal cortical bone thickness (BT) or the septa dimensions influence their visibility.

Methods

Corresponding PR and CBCT images of 355 patients were selected and examined for MSS visibility. The septa dimensions (width, height, depth) and the BT were measured. Results were analysed statistically.

Results

Comparing the corresponding regions on CBCT and PR, 170 MSS were identified; however, only 106 of these were also visible using PR. The MSS visibility was significantly higher on CBCT versus PR images (P1: p = 0.039, P2: p = 0.015, M1: p = 0.041, M2: p = 0.017, M3: p = 0.000), except region C (p = 0.625). Regarding the measurements of MSS dimensions, only the height in region M1 (p = 0.013) and the width in region P2 (p = 0.034) were significantly more visible on CBCT. The BT in the area of the MSS was found to have a marginal influence on its visibility on the PR images only in regions M3 and M1 (M3: p = 0.043, M1: p = 0.047). In terms of MSS visibility based on the dimensions, significance was found for all three influencing variables only in region P2 (width; p = 0.041, height; p = 0.001, depth; p = 0.007). There were only isolated cases of further significance: M3 for width (p = 0.043), M2 for height (p = 0.024), and P1 for depth (p = 0.034), no further significance was noted.

Conclusion

MSS visibility appears significantly higher on CBCT versus PR images. It is concluded that the septa dimensions and BT can influence MSS visibility on PR images just in certain regions.

Graphical Abstract
Peasant families and farm size in Fascist Italy
Authors: Fornasin Alessio , Breschi Marco , Manfredini Matteo
Published: May 2024

This article looks at the key factors affecting the connection between peasant family size and farm size in Italy in 1930–1931. The association between farm size and family size was analyzed using a new dataset merging data drawn from both the Population Census of 1931 and the Census of Agriculture of 1930. We found a strict association between peasant family size, here considered as a production unit, and the surface area of the farm. The results seem to correspond to different causal relationship between family size and farm size according to access to land, and form of tenure. In some contexts, where sharecropping was widespread, farm size defines the size of the family. In others where small land ownership prevailed, it seems that family size shapes the size of the farm. In this study we propose a new explanation for peasant family size in the Fascist period. This is done adopting a cross-sectional perspective, providing a geographical analysis based on the 786 agrarian areas that formed the national territory in that period.
Utility of metabolic ratios in the diagnosis of tumor Thrombus on F-18 FDG PET/CT
Authors: Datta Deepanksha , Kumar Rajesh , Goel Akhil Dhanesh
Published: May 2024

Background

This study aims to predict quantitative parameter in form of metabolic ratios to diagnose tumor thrombus on F-18 FDG PET/CT.

Methods

This is a retrospective study from Nuclear Medicine department at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India. Patients with malignancies who underwent F-18 FDG PET/CT in our department or images sent for review from February 2020 till September 2022 were screened for tumor thrombus that comprised study group. Control group had patients with malignancy and no imaging evidence of tumor thrombus. Metabolic activities (SUVmax) of tumor thrombus, liver and descending aorta in study group, and that of IVC, liver and descending aorta in control group were recorded. Metabolic ratios of tumor thrombus to liver (SUR L) and to aorta (SUR A) in study group, and IVC to liver (SUR* L) and to aorta (SUR*A) in control group were compared using receiver operator curves.

Results

Of 2277 studies screened, 12 had tumor thrombus. The most common primary malignant site and vessel involved were lung and IVC respectively. The median (IQR) SUR L, SUR A, SUR* L and SUR* A were 2.5 (3.25), 2.6  (6), 0.67 (0.18) and 1 (0.17) respectively. Area under ROC for SUR L and SUR A were 0.983 [95% CI: 0.955–1.0] and 0.958 [95% CI: 0.90–1.0] respectively. The ideal cut-off for SUR L was 0.953 (sensitivity 92.3%, specificity 98.0%) and for SUR A was 1.42 (sensitivity 84.6%, specificity 98.0%).

Conclusion

Metabolic ratios of tumor thrombus to liver (SUR L) and aorta (SUR A) have good diagnostic performance and can be useful in studies with non-iodinated contrast CT.
Isolated rheumatic tricuspid valve regurgitation: it is only rare not just a myth: rare case report
Authors: Saputri Vemmy Lian , Yogibuana Valerinna
Published: May 2024

Background

Isolated rheumatic tricuspid regurgitation (IRTR) is a rare condition that can manifest as right heart failure (RHF) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) symptoms. Diagnosing and treating IRTR in cases of latent RHD can be a challenge and crucial for future research to establish new guidelines for echocardiography in RHD that focus not only on the mitral and aorta but also the tricuspid valve.

Case presentation

A young female patient with clinical symptoms of RHF suspected IRTR due to latent RHD from echocardiography. Echocardiography revealed significant thickening and calcification of all tricuspid valve (TV) leaflets, with partial prolapse posterior leaflet and severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) with a high probability of PH, no significant anatomical and functional abnormality pulmonary valve (PV), mitral valve (MV), and aortic valve (AV). She was administered daily doses of Ramipril, bisoprolol, spironolactone, and furosemide. Although she received therapy, she persisted in suffering dyspnea when doing mild physical activity (NYHA functional class III). She was admitted to the surgical conference, due to our center’s limitation of percutaneous intervention for valve replacement, and she was approved to undergo tricuspid valve replacement (TVR) surgery.

Conclusions

Echocardiography plays a crucial role in identifying latent RHD. Isolated rheumatic TR shows echocardiographic results similar to rheumatic mitral regurgitation, except for the presence of a high-velocity jet. Diuretics temporarily slow symptoms, but disease progression remains uncertain. TV surgery is effective for severe symptoms, but isolated TVR is rare and has a poor prognosis.
Dynamic vertebral artery occlusion aka bow hunter syndrome causing posterior fossa stroke in a young adult: a case report
Authors: Gupta Neeti Ajay , Subash Anjitha , Bhalde Rucha P. , Gutte Avinash A.
Published: May 2024

Background

Bow Hunter syndrome (BHS) is a rare, but important cause of posterior circulation stroke. It is also known as Rotational vertebral artery syndrome and is caused by transient dynamic vertebro-basilar insufficiency on movement of the neck in the presence of certain soft tissue or bone anomalies in the cranio-vertebral region.

Case presentation

We present a case of Bow hunter syndrome in an 18-year-old adult male who presented with vomiting, occipital headache and loss of balance, with findings of posterior circulation stroke on imaging. Medical causes of young stroke, including vasculitis and clotting disorders were ruled out, following which a diagnostic conventional angiography and CT angiography was performed. The cause of vascular compromise in our case was the presence of vertebral anomalies, in particular, the presence of a partial ponticulus posticus with formation of an incomplete arcuate foramen. He was treated with cervical spine immobilisation and C1–C2 fixation. In addition, our patient had a single posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) on the side of the dynamic insufficiency, which lead to bilateral cerebellar infarcts. Our case is unique because it demonstrates a combination of osseous and vascular developmental anomalies resulting in posterior circulation stroke.

Conclusions

Though uncommon, BHS should be considered in the list of differentials in otherwise unexplained cases of posterior circulation stroke. Conventional angiography with dynamic manoeuvres is the modality of choice for documenting the rotational vertebral artery occlusion.
Assessment of efficacy and safety of irreversible electroporation versus TACE for treatment of difficult location hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hassany Mohamed , Mahboub Ahmed Mostafa , Mostafa Wessam , Debian Hossam , Shousha Hend Ibrahim , El-Serafy Magdy
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) are widely accepted as the established treatment options for patients diagnosed with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who are deemed unfit for surgical procedures. However, the effective implementation of these techniques is hindered by various challenges, primarily associated with the precise targeting of tumors within the liver. The utilization of thermal ablative methods is not recommended for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that is located near intestinal loops, bile ducts, or in eccentric positions. The unmet need for non-thermal methods in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was addressed following the introduction of irreversible electroporation (IRE) as an innovative approach.

Aim of the work

To assess the efficacy, safety, and outcomes of IRE in the treatment of difficult-located HCC compared to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).

Methods

This is a prospective study that included 24 patients with HCC who presented to the National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute (NHTMRI) during the period from January 2017 to January 2020. Ten patients underwent IRE, while 14 patients underwent TACE.

Results

Sixteen patients (66.7%) were males; eight patients were females (33.3%). Their median age was 60.5 years (48–70 years). Seventeen patients (70.8%) were Child–Pugh class A, while seven patients (29.2%) were Child–Pugh class B. All the study population had a single focal lesion; the mean size of the focal lesions was 2.94 ± 0.59 cm. The most frequent difficult locations of HCC were segment V focal lesions adjacent to both the common bile duct and portal vein in eight patients (33.3%) followed by lesions adjacent to the inferior vena cava in five patients (20%) followed by the subcapsular lesions in three patients (12.5%) and lesions adjacent to the right kidney in two patients (8.3%). Complete response (CR) was higher in the IRE group (80%) compared to the TACE group (50%). Clinical decompensation occurred in six patients in the IRE group (60%) and eight patients in the TACE group (57.1%) (P value 1). Recurrence occurred in five patients (50%) treated with IRE and in seven patients (50%) treated with TACE (P value 1). Within the IRE group, two patients (20%) remained alive; on the other hand, within the TACE group six patients (42.9%) remained alive by the end of the study (P value 0.388).

Conclusion

Our data suggest that IRE is an effective procedure in the treatment of difficult-located HCC in terms of complete response, fewer sessions, and fewer side effects as compared to TACE.
Interaction between HOTTIP, H19, and HOTAIR long noncoding RNAs and miRNA-152 in cases of HCC caused by HCV infection
Authors: El-Araby Rady E. , Roshdy Fawzy , Zaghloul Mariam , Saad Ahmed A. E. , Morsi Maha H. , Radwan Wafaa M. , Adel Rana M. , Elshafiey Sara H. , Elhusseny Yasmine , Othman Reham F. , Helal Hamed , Hassanein Doha E. , Elghobary Hany A.
Published: May 2024

Background

Liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma “HCC”) remains a significant health issue without prompt detection and appropriate prevention. By interacting with each other, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) can form gene regulatory networks. Specifically, we aim to determine whether the lncRNAs (HOTTIP, H19, and HOTAIR) and miRNA-152 interact in a significant manner in the progression of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients to HCC. This is followed by the question of whether these biomarkers can be used to diagnose and prognose noninvasively. We used online computational techniques to predict which miRNA group is likely to affect the lncRNAs being examined. This study involved 133 participants. 103 patients with HCV were included in the study, which was divided into two groups: Group I, with 65 cases of chronic liver disease without HCC, and Group II, with 38 cases of chronic liver disease with HCC. In addition, 30 healthy volunteers served as controls. In this study, a qRT-PCR was used to test gene expression.

Results

A consistent reverse correlation has been observed between lncRNAs and miRNA-152 as the disease progresses.

Conclusion

According to our findings, the studied biomarkers may be useful as noninvasive biomarkers for prognosis in patients with HCV Genotype 4 who develop liver cirrhosis and HCC. Many miRNAs, including miRNA-19a and miRNA-106a, may interact with lncRNAs that have been investigated in addition to miRNA-152.
Youth inclusion in value chain development: a case of the aquaculture in Nigeria
Authors: Nigussie Likimyelesh , Minh Thai Thi , Senaratna Sellamuttu Sonali
Published: May 2024

Many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have made youth inclusion a top priority in their development agendas. This is aimed at overcoming social, technical, and institutional obstacles and providing fair and significant opportunities for the growth of young people. Inclusive agricultural value chain development (VCD) is being used to address youth unemployment in the region. The Nigerian government and its partners have invested in aquaculture VCD to create employment opportunities for young men and women, but the participation rate is low, at around 2%. Further, research and practices focusing on rural youth inclusion in VCD is scant, with biases towards urban youth inclusion. This study explored youth engagement in the aquaculture value chain and how the chain features and context shape inclusive mechanisms/patterns of youth inclusion in VCD processes. We used the integrated livelihood asset framework, access approach, and VCD approaches to present an analysis of conditions influencing the inclusion of young men and women in the aquaculture VCD in Nigeria. Accordingly, two youth inclusion strategies were identified: investment and risk management strategies. Young men and women from better-off households adopt investment strategy and dominate the production function. They use their resources, social networks and support from youth-focused aquaculture projects to invest in production functions. Those adopting a risk management strategy dominate the processing, distribution, and marketing functions. They dominantly use social networks, support from aquaculture projects, and Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) to mitigate risks. The high demand for fresh and processed fish, supportive policies, and youth-centered aquaculture projects encourages the engagement of young men and women to adopt either of the strategies. However, they face challenges such as high-cost and low-quality inputs, lack of tailored services, inadequate infrastructure, and sociocultural norms. This study contributes to youth inclusion literature, provides a comprehensive theoretical lens for understanding youth inclusion in VCD, and offers insights into the specific case of young men and women’s engagement in the aquaculture sector in Nigeria.
Biotechnology towards energy crops
Authors: Dida Gudeta
Published: May 2024

Our world is experiencing an unprecedented surge in energy demand due to rapid economic growth and population expansion. This escalating need for energy poses a significant challenge as reliance on fossil fuels leads to severe environmental pollution. Consequently, the exploration of renewable energy sources, such as biofuels, emerges as a prudent solution to mitigate the energy crisis. The cultivation of novel crops and the implementation of advanced cultivation systems are gradually gaining traction, aiming to minimize dependence on depleting fossil fuel reserves and foster resilience to global climate change. These promising biological resources hold immense potential as bioenergy feedstocks, offering a versatile and sustainable means to meet the energy requirements of modern society on a daily basis. Biotechnology, in particular, can play a critical role in developing superior genotypes of energy crops, specifically tailored for efficient bioprocessing and subsequent utilization. By applying cutting-edge molecular techniques, a wide range of important traits can be enhanced, encompassing total biomass yield, production, quality, and resistance to different biotic and abiotic stresses. These advancements have the potential to significantly improve the efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and environmental benefits of biofuels. This comprehensive review aims to evaluate the potential of biotechnological applications in the development of advantageous bioenergy crops, spanning from feedstock enhancement to sustainable biofuel production. Furthermore, it provides compelling examples of cutting-edge research in the field, showcasing the prospects of energy crop innovation.
Fault transformer: An automatic fault detection algorithm on seismic images using a transformer enhanced neural network
Authors: Zhou Tong , Ma Yue , Sui Yuhan , AlbinHassan Nasher M.
Published: May 2024

Seismic fault detection is a key step in seismic interpretation and reservoir characterization that often requires a large amount of human labor and interpretation time. Therefore, automatic seismic fault detection is critical for improving the efficiency of seismic data processing and interpretation. Existing artificial intelligence methods are mostly based on convolutional neural networks with a U-shaped encoder-decoder structure, known as U-net. However, the convolution is limited in modeling long-range correlative features. Instead, transformers, using self-attention mechanisms, avoid the local nature of the convolution, which has the potential to extract long-distance correlations. Transformers are proven to perform well in natural language processing, image classification, and segmentation tasks in precision and recall. Here, we develop a new deep neural network with transformers and a U-net-like structure: a fault transformer to perform the fault detection task. The new network outperforms the traditional U-net in the application with synthetic data sets.
Facial Features of Hereditary Cancer Predisposition
Authors: Horton Ari , Fostier William , Winship Ingrid , Rajan Neil
Published: May 2024

In the age of telehealth medicine, an individual's facial features may provide the only physical clues signaling the presence of a heritable cancer predisposition syndrome. These syndromes include APC-associated polyposis, Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome, CYLD cutaneous syndrome, hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer, multiple endocrine neoplasia, neurofibromatosis type 1, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis complex 1 and 2, among others. Correctly identifying characteristic features is important for genetic and nongenetic specialists as early detection can enable prompt intervention, improving patient outcomes. Advancements in the availability of genetic testing allow patients and their relatives to have more information about their genetic risk profile than before. These changes in clinical pathways, combined with improvements in screening and risk-reducing treatment, highlight the need to outline the cutaneous and morphologic features of high-risk cancer syndromes for clinicians. In this review, we describe the important facial features of hereditary cancer predisposition, with emphasis on diagnosis, cutaneous and extracutaneous manifestations, and screening.
To compare the efficacy of ropivacaine alone versus ropivacaine with magnesium sulphate for postoperative analgesia in peripheral nerve stimulator-guided supraclavicular plexus block in upper limb surgeries
Authors: Subhadarshini Sikha , Taksande Karuna , Paul Amreesh
Published: May 2024

Background Postoperative pain management is a crucial part of patient care for surgeries involving the upper limbs. A popular technique for providing both postoperative analgesia and regional anaesthesia is a supraclavicular plexus block guided by a peripheral nerve stimulator. Recent research has demonstrated that the analgesic effect of ropivacaine, a common local anaesthetic, can be enhanced by the addition of magnesium sulphate. The study aims to assess the safety and effectiveness of utilising magnesium sulphate in addition to ropivacaine alone for postoperative analgesia in patients having upper limb surgeries under peripheral nerve stimulator-guided supraclavicular plexus block. Methods This protocol outlines a prospective, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial that assesses the efficacy of ropivacaine versus ropivacaine plus magnesium sulphate for analgesia post surgery in patients undergoing upper limb surgeries under the guidance of a peripheral nerve stimulator (PNS). 50 Patients will be included in the study in total, and they will be split into two groups at random. PNS-guided supraclavicular plexus block with ropivacaine alone will be administered to one group, while ropivacaine combined with magnesium sulphate will be administered to the other. Regular monitoring will be done during the postoperative phase to determine pain levels, use of analgesics, motor and sensory blockade, and adverse events. Results The study aims to determine if ropivacaine with magnesium sulphate postoperative analgesia is superior to ropivacaine alone in supraclavicular plexus blocks. The motor and sensory blockade duration, opioid use, and any negative results will be evaluated as secondary outcomes. Statistical analysis will be performed to determine the significance of the differences between the two groups. Conclusion This study protocol compares the effectiveness of ropivacaine alone against ropivacaine with magnesium sulphate in peripheral nerve stimulator-guided supraclavicular plexus block, with the goal of adding to the repository of information on postoperative analgesia in upper limb procedures. The study’s findings could be very helpful in enhancing pain management strategies and enhancing patient outcomes in this context.
Stem cell therapy outcome for diabetic erectile dysfunction: A pilot analysis
Authors: Irdam Gampo Alam , Parikesit Dyandra , Rasyid Nur , Atmoko Widi , Taher Akmal
Published: May 2024

Background Many males encounter the condition of erectile dysfunction (ED), particularly individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Stem cell therapy is a burgeoning treatment modality being explored for individuals with erectile dysfunction in the context of type 2 DM. Nevertheless, the available body of clinical evidence supporting its efficacy remains limited. This study aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy in managing erectile dysfunction (ED) resulting from type 2 DM. Methods A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in Indonesia from October 2020 to January 2023. A total of 26 eligible patients were randomly assigned to two groups: one receiving intracavernosal injections of MSC and the other receiving a placebo. Follow-up assessments were conducted at baseline, month one, and month three. The primary outcomes were measured using the IIEF-5 questionnaire and dorsal artery peak systolic velocity (PSV). Metabolic markers were used as secondary outcomes. Results The IIEF-5 scores for both groups showed a significant increase (p < 0.001) from baseline to month three. There was no significant difference observed between the MSC and placebo groups. Moreover, no significant differences were observed in the PSV of the dorsal artery between the two groups (p>0.05). There were no significant differences in metabolic markers between the groups. The incidence of mild post-injection pain was reported by only 11% of individuals, indicating a low occurrence of adverse events. Conclusions Intracavernous administration of MSC did not demonstrate superior efficacy compared to a placebo in improving metabolic or erectile function in diabetic males with erectile dysfunction. Additional research utilizing larger sample sizes and more extended follow-up periods is necessary.
A bibliometric analysis of the literature on goat breeding
Authors: Tyasi Thobela Louis , Ergin Malik , Mathapo Madumetja Cyril
Published: May 2024

Background Bibliometric analysis plays an essential role in scientific research. However, some research areas still have several gaps. This is also the case in the animal sciences. Therefore, the status of current studies can be analyzed to provide guidance for future research through scientific studies that will be conducted. The aim of this study was to perform a bibliometric analysis of goat breeding to evaluate current trends, gaps in knowledge, and future perspectives. Methods A large dataset was extracted from the Web of Science (WoS), a popular database for scientific studies. According to the WoS, we used 1000 scientific papers (1991–2023) that contained articles, book chapters, data papers, proceedings papers, meeting abstracts, and notes. All bibliometric analyses were performed using the bibliometrix package. Results and Conclusions In 2023, there were 34 studies available. Average citations per year showed that the highest average citation count occurred in 2006 (31.35). In total, 265 scientific journals in the WoS database have published goat breeding studies. Small Ruminant Research led to the remaining 145 articles. In conclusion, scientific studies on goat breeding have become popular in recent years. The authors may gravitate towards popular journals in the future.
47-Year-Old Man with Quadriplegia Following Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in the Cervical Spine: A Case Report
Authors: Dziedzic Mariola Maria , Pach Magdalena , Nowak Agnieszka , Dobrzańska Justyna , Partyka Alicja , Michalczewska Aneta , Fugas Agnieszka , Wierzejska Natalia , Chmielowiec Zuzanna , Smykiewicz Karolina
Published: May 2024

Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) typically affect young, healthy males, with the cervical spine being the most frequently injured area. These injuries are devastating and have a lifelong impact on a person's health and well-being. While uncommon, SCIs can occur during sports participation, as seen in this case study. This case examines a 47-year-old male skier who sustained a skiing accident and presented with quadriplegia upon arrival at the trauma centre. It highlights the critical role of readily available diagnostic imaging and efficient teamwork within trauma centres in managing such complex injuries.
The Thought of Yaroslav Stetsko Compared with the Views of Vojtech Tuka to 1941: On Two Variants of Integral Nationalism in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Wojnar Marek
Published: May 2024

The inter-war period and the first years of the Second World War were a period when integral nationalism and Fascism were triumphant throughout Europe. The Ukrainian and Slovak national movements were no exception in this regard. These ideologies developed primarily within the framework of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Hlinka’s Slovak People’s Party, respectively. This article compares the thought of representatives of the more radical factions within these two organizations: Yaroslav Stetsko and Vojtech Tuka.
Efectos negativos del pluralismo jurídico estatal en la contratación administrativa
Authors: Valencia-Tello Diana Carolina
Published: May 2024

Este capítulo busca exponer cómo la contratación estatal en Colombia es un claro ejemplo de PJE, en el que existen varias autoridades y órdenes jurídicos aplicables sobre un mismo asunto, sin que exista en muchos casos una clara jerarquía de las normas, ni claridad sobre la obligatoriedad de cumplir con los mandatos de la ANCP-CCE. Con este fin, a continuación, será analizada la contratación pública en Colombia, para después estudiar el surgimiento de la ANCP-CCE. En la cuarta sección, será abordado el PJE y soft law en la contratación pública colombiana.
¿Los costos sociales de la cuarta revolución industrial requieren una reivindicación...? de nuevos derechos constitucionales 4.0? Vulneración del principio de primacía de la realidad en las apps de domicilios
Authors: Rojas Medina Isabella , Sánchez-Huertas Luis Fernando , Velásquez Medina Gabriela
Published: May 2024

En este capítulo, se pretende brindar una reflexión sobre la necesidad y la pertinencia, tanto política como constitucional, de reconocer una serie de derechos de las personas frente a la cuarta revolución industrial o si el actual texto constitucional tiene el material suficiente y la redacción necesaria para dar cuenta de la enorme cantidad de debates éticos y jurídicos que se activan cada vez que se analiza la digitalización de las relaciones humanas. De este modo, se aborda mediante el análisis de los problemas y los conflictos en torno a una app en particular que conecta a usuarios y domiciliarios: Rappi, la cual no reconoce que en esta operación se configure una relación laboral.
Designing Loot Boxes: Implications for Profits and Welfare
Authors: Miao Jin , Jain Sanjay
Published: May 2024

We study the optimal prices and allocation probabilities for loot boxes and their implications for profits and social welfare.
Trade Secret Protection and the Integration of Information Within Firms
Authors: Andreicovici Ionela , Bormann Sara , Hombach Katharina
Published: May 2024

We examine the effect of trade secret protection laws on internal information integration (i.e., the extent to which economic agents are provided with access to decision-relevant information from other economic agents within a firm). We argue that stronger trade secret protection laws increase firms’ internal information integration because they reduce the proprietary costs of information leakage. To test our prediction, we measure a firm’s internal information integration by the share of its sites integrated into its enterprise management system. Exploiting the staggered adoption of trade secret protection laws via the Uniform Trade Secrets Act (UTSA), we find that these laws increase firms’ internal information integration. This effect is stronger (weaker) for firms with higher proprietary costs (coordination benefits). Further, we provide evidence that the UTSA-induced increase in internal information integration translates into improvements of firms’ internal information quality and decision-making quality. Taken together, our results enhance the understanding of the economic trade-offs shaping firms’ internal information environment.

This paper was accepted by Ranjani Krishnan, accounting.

Funding: S. Bormann and K. Hombach gratefully acknowledge funding from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) [Grant Project-ID 403041268–TRR 266 Accounting for Transparency].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.03484 .
Bank Specialization and Zombie Lending
Authors: De Jonghe Olivier , Mulier Klaas , Samarin Ilia
Published: May 2024

We study whether banks internalize congestion externalities when lending to zombie firms. We conjecture that banks should be better informed about the presence of zombie firms and the congestion externalities that such firms exert on healthy borrowers in industries where banks are specialized and show that banks’ credit supply to zombie firms relates negatively to their industry specialization. This relation is stronger when congestion externalities are likely to have stronger adverse effects, namely when zombie firms take a higher fraction of resources in the industry or when the industry is geographically more concentrated. Additionally, this relation is weaker in industries with higher asset specificity as zombie firms’ default (and potential asset fire sales) could reduce healthy borrowers’ collateral value.

This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance.

Supplemental Material: The online appendices and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.01437 .
Drone-Delivery Network for Opioid Overdose: Nonlinear Integer Queueing-Optimization Models and Methods
Authors: Lejeune Miguel A. , Ma Wenbo
Published: May 2024

This study proposes an emergency network design model that uses a fleet of drones to deliver naloxone in response to opioid overdoses. The network is represented as a collection of M/G/K queueing systems with variable capacity and service time modelled as a decision-dependent random variable. The model is a complex queuing-based optimization problem which locates drone bases and dispatches drones to opioid incidents. The authors devise an efficient solution framework in which they linearize the multiple nonlinearities (fractional, polynomial, exponential, factorial terms), derive an equivalent mixed-integer linear reformulation, and design an outer approximation branch-and-cut algorithm. The authors demonstrate the generalizablity of the approach to any problem minimizing the response time of M/G/K queueing systems with unknown capacity. Tests on Virginia Beach data reveal that drones can decrease response time by 82%, increase survival chance by more than 273%, save up to 33 additional lives annually, and provide up to 279 additional quality-adjusted life years.
The Double-Edged Sword of Exemplar Similarity
Authors: Majzoubi Majid , Zhao Eric Yanfei , Zuzul Tiona , Fisher Greg
Published: May 2024

We investigate how a firm’s positioning relative to category exemplars shapes security analysts’ evaluations. Using a two-stage model of evaluation (initial screening and subsequent assessment), we propose that exemplar similarity enhances a firm’s recognizability and legitimacy, increasing the likelihood that it passes the initial screening stage and attracts analyst coverage. However, exemplar similarity may also prompt unfavorable comparisons with exemplar firms, leading to lower analyst recommendations in the assessment stage. We further argue that category coherence, distinctiveness, and exemplar typicality influence the impact of exemplar similarity on firm evaluation. Leveraging natural language processing (NLP) techniques to analyze a sample of 7,603 U.S. public firms from 1997 to 2022, we find robust support for our predictions. By highlighting the intricate role of strategic positioning vis-à-vis category exemplars in shaping audience evaluations, our findings have important implications for research on positioning relative to category exemplars, category viability, optimal distinctiveness, and security analysts.

Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.16855 .
The role of cyber exercises in improving cyber readiness
Authors: Reintam Aare
Published: May 2024

It's dangerous to assume that your cyber defences are up to the task of defending your organisation. How do you know how you will perform in the face of real attacks? The best way to know is to carry out realistic exercises that put your defences to the test. Not only will you have an accurate idea if your security is properly matched to the risks and threats you face, such exercises may also help you meet your regulatory obligations.
Building a human firewall to keep your organisation secure
Authors: Menear Richard
Published: May 2024

It's easy – perhaps too easy – to see cyber security as a technical issue. In fact, it's something that requires human effort from everyone within the organisation. It's something that needs to be baked in to every process, and every person needs to understand the risks and how to deal with them. This article look at the importance of positive cyber hygiene within businesses and how leaders can effectively create a culture of cyber security awareness.
Code of silence: cyber security strategies for combating deepfake disinformation
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Khan Suhel Ahmad , Alharbe Nawaf , Khan Raees Ahmad
Published: May 2024

At a time when deepfake technology is extensively employed, this study explores the serious problems produced by deepfake misinformation and recommends a comprehensive cyber security architecture to lessen its effects. Deepfakes are a serious threat to the authenticity of digital information because they use sophisticated artificial intelligence algorithms that have outlived their original novelty. This study examines the psychological effects of manipulated media, sheds light on the intricacies of creating deepfakes, and examines actual incidents that highlight the pervasive effects of deepfake misinformation. Our suggested cyber security plans include cutting-edge detection algorithms, blockchain technologies and extensive outreach programmes. Through promoting a shared dedication to openness and truth, symbolised by the figurative ‘code of silence’, this study seeks to strengthen the digital environment against the ubiquitous impact of misleading content, thereby adding to the larger conversation about preserving authenticity and trust in an increasingly digital age.
The most prominent cyber security threats targeting industries
Authors: Williams Ed
Published: May 2024

Looking back at 2023, we can see it was something of a standout year for cyber attacks and the damage they can wreak.
The recruitment wall in cyber security
Authors: Elmellas Jamal
Published: May 2024

Organisations have been complaining for years about the cyber security skills gap, and the problem seems to be getting worse. However, many of the issues stem not from a lack of willing people but arbitrary barriers being placed in the way of those who would like to enter the field. We need more entry-level routes into cyber security, greater diversity and better support for training programmes.
New Results and Bounds on codes over GF(17)
Authors: Chen Eric , Aydin Nuh , Jönsson Fredrik , Klonowska Kamilla
Published: May 2024

Determining the best possible values of the parameters of a linear code is one of the most fundamental and challenging problems in coding theory. There exist databases of best-known linear codes (BKLC) over small finite fields. In this work, we establish a database of BKLCs over the field GF(17) together with upper bounds on the minimum distances for lengths up to 150 and dimensions up to 6. In the process, we have found many new linear codes over GF(17).
Psalm 45 between Abraham and Jesus: A Palestinian Rabbinic Polemic and Its Shelf Life
Authors: Berkovitz A. J.
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This article describes an interpretive shift that occurred in Roman Palestine during the amoraic period (ca. 200–650 CE). It argues that rabbis of this era and in this region began to identify parts of Psalm 45 in light of Abraham as a form of anti-Christian polemic, a way to present Abraham as the Jewish response to Christ. It then shows that this exegetical framework, which originated as a polemic, developed a life of its own. As late antiquity slowly transitioned into the early Middle Ages, some Jews read other parts of the psalm—and then the entire psalm—as pertaining to Abraham.
Norwegian, Danish—or French? A Scattered Missal and Its Provenance
Authors: Myking Synnøve Midtbø
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Most books that existed in medieval Norway and Denmark are now lost or exist only in fragmentary form. The fragment collections of the Norwegian and Danish National Archives and the Royal Library in Copenhagen hold thousands of remnants of manuscripts, an invaluable source of knowledge of medieval book culture. The entwined history of Norway and Denmark represents a potential methodological challenge, as fragments from the same manuscript can sometimes be found scattered among collections in the two countries. This article examines such a case, showing how a single fragment from a twelfth-century missal in the National Archives in Norway was matched with several fragments in the Danish collections. The identifications, which were rendered possible by increased access to digital images, provide new insights into the missal’s likely origin and medieval provenance, putting us on the trail of an important Danish scriptorium.
The Multi- and Interdisciplinary Relevance of Fragment Studies: Two Cases from a State Archive in Italy
Authors: Molinari Alessandra , Turco Roberto Rosselli Del , Janz-Wenig Katrin , Meyer Elisabeth , Gasparini Andrea Alessandro , Aurora Federico
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This essay aims to provide a contribution to the global discourse of fragmentology. The authors envisage fragmentology as a discipline that includes research on various materials like clay, papyrus, parchment, and paper and from both European and non-European contexts. At the same time, the authors argue for the greater role of fragment philology as a constituent part of fragmentology. After presenting their definition of both a fragment as a concept and fragmentology as a discipline, the essay problematizes the role of textual philology in fragmentology. Authors then present the practical application of their propositions on the basis of an in-depth analysis of two case studies from the Italian State Archive, a bifolium from a Latin antiphonary and a group of strips from a Middle Dutch lectionary.
"What Kind of Court Is This?": Perceptions of International Justice Among Rohingya Refugees
Authors: Akhavan Payam , Hamilton Rebecca J. , Mulvey Antonia
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT: In the context of mass atrocities, the legitimacy of institutions for international justice—such as the International Criminal Court and International Court of Justice—is based on the assumption that they vindicate demands for accountability by the survivors of horrific human rights violations. Yet, notwithstanding advances in victim representation at these Hague-based courts, victim-centered justice remains elusive. This article contributes to centering the voices of survivors in their specific cultural contexts, against the backdrop of existing efforts that too often render invisible their perspectives. Through semi-structured interviews, conducted in late 2022, with 444 Rohingya survivors of genocide who have fled Myanmar to refugee camps in neighboring Bangladesh, we attempt to convey the priorities of these survivors situated within their cultural understanding of justice. We contextualize the empirical data gathered from the survey within Rohingyas' lived experiences of persecution in Myanmar, their cultural framings of communal justice, and their current reality of prolonged displacement in refugee camps in Bangladesh. The article concludes by describing the implications of this survey's findings on future engagement of the Rohingya in international justice processes, and a wider reflection on how grassroots perspectives can and should shape the global justice discourse.