bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Liquid Organic Fertilizer and Cuttings of Bulbs on Growth and Production of Shallots (Alium Ascalonicum L.)
Authors: Safrudin Aris , Wachid Abdul
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer and seed tuber cutting against to growth and production of onion. Experiment was arranged in a factorial experiment using a randomized block design (RBD) and repeated 3 times. Factorial I was concentrationof liquid fertilizer comprises four levels: 0,2.4, and 6 cc/liter of water; factor II was piece of tuber shoots comprises 3 levels: no cutting, cutting 1/4 and ½ part cutting the tubers sprout. The measured variables were plant length, number of leaves, number of tillers, root length, weight stover, fresh weight and dry weight of tubers. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by a test ynag HSD 5%. The results showed concentration of organic fertilizer influence on the plant long parameter age of 14, 21 and 28 days after planting, and the number of leaves at the age of 14 and 21. Cutting seed tubers affect the number of leaves aged 14, 21 and 28 days after planting. There is an interaction effect between kosnetrasi organic liquid fertilizer by cutting the tubers lip on the length of the plant ages 35, 42 and 49 days after planting, the number of leaves of the plant ages 28, 35, 42 and 49 days after planting, and the panang roots, weights stover, fresh weight and dry weight of tubers red onion. Combination treatment liquid fertilizer concentrations of 6 cc/liter and ½ part cutting buds bulbs given the best results.
Use of Seaweed (Eucheumacottonii) as a Substitute for Carrageenan in Making Jelly Drink Rosella (Study of Seaweed and Carrageenan Concentration)
Authors: Wati Indah , Saidi Ida Agustini
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to determinethe concentration effect of carrageenan and seaweed on the quality of rosella jelly drink. The experiment was arranged using a randomized block design (RBD), which consists of 9 treatment that carrageenan concentration were 0.40%, 0.50% and 0.60%; and seaweed concentration were 8%, 9%, 11%, 12%, and 13%. The experiments were repeated three times to obtain 27 units of the experiments. The measured variableswere physical analysis (viscosity), chemical (dietary fiber and pH) and organoleptic (taste, aroma, color and texture). The data of physical-chemical properties were analyzed by ANOVA followed by HSD test, while the organoleptic data were analyzed using Friedman test and determining the best treatment based on effectiveness index (De Garmo). The results showed that: the proportion of carrageenan and seaweed with roselle juice significantlydifferent on the viscosity, taste, color and texture of the jelly drink roselle, but not significantly different on levels of dietary fiber, pH and aroma of rosella jelly drink. The best quality of rosella jelly drinkwas obtained from 0.50% carrageenan concentration with the following characteristics: viscosity 6.23%, 0.40% dietary fiber, pH 3.24, 5.40 flavor (rather like), aroma 4.43 (plain), color 4.87 (regular), viscosity 5.43 (somewhat like). The best seaweed treatment on this study is the treatment concentration of 8% with the following characteristics: viscosity 6.15%, 0.44% dietary fiber, pH 3.38, 4.90 flavors (regular), aroma 4.30 (regular), color 4.97 (regular), viscosity 4.00 (regular).
Efforts to Increase the Value of Beloso Fish (Glossogobius sp.) Into Kamaboko Products A Study of Various Proportions of Tapioca, Beloso Fish, and Mackerel (Scomboromorus guttatus Bl. Schn)
Authors: Saidi Ida Agustini , Putra Adi Nugroho Akhmad
Published: April 2022

Beloso fish is fisheries by product which doesn’t have economic value. This study intended to raise beloso fish economic value by making them as new food product, kamaboko. The experiment used Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) wuth proportion of tapioca : beloso fish : spanish mackerel as treatment, comprised of eight levels and replicated three times. Those were E0 = 20% : 80%: 0%; E1= 20% : 70% : 10%; E2= 20% : 60% : 20%; E3= 40% : 60% : 0%; E4= 40% : 50% : 10%; E5= 40%: 40% : 20%; E6= 60% : 40% : 0%; E7= 60% : 30% ; 10%; E8= 60% : 20%: 20%. Variables observedwere moisture content; protein, and organoleptic test including taste, aroma, and texture. Result of theresearch showed that 20% was the appropriate tapioca proportion which gave the best product quality (low moisture content 77,38 – 78,20% and high protein 11,19 – 11,68%). Kamaboko which was used proportion of tapioca and only beloso fish(a treatment of proportion of tapioca 40% : beloso fish 60%) has higher quality than added by spanish mackerel (moisture content 78,55%; protein 11,19%; organoleptic test of taste 5,53 (like), aroma 3,67 (common) and texture 4,67 (slightly like).
Impact of Basic Price Implementation on Production Inputs and Farming Business Income (Clumprit Village Case, Malang Regency)
Authors: Mujianto Mujianto
Published: April 2022

The aim of this research was wanted to study about the impact of unhulled rice floor price policy (Kepres No. 2/2005) on the increase of farmers income in East java, and also study about production factors which influence paddy agribusiness income and productivity. Desa Clumprit, location of the research was one of paddy production area, in where paddy was dominant staple food crop. The research was descriptive research characterized as explanation research. Stratified Random Sampling was used to determine samples based on land used as paddy agribusiness. Data was collected by structured and unstructured survey. Secondary data was collected as Desa Clumprit, Kecamatan Pagelaran, Kabupaten Malang monograph document. Then, data was analyzed by Polynomial Linear Regression. Result of this study showed that unhulled rice floor price policy (Kepres No 2/2005) was able to increase farmer income until 18,24% from average Rp 3.438.550,- became Rp 4.072.028,- Kepres No.2/2005 did not influence paddy agribusiness productivity. After establishment of unhulled rice floor price policy, farmers income significantly influenced by seed price, land rent, and pesticides price. For larger agribusiness than 0,5 ha,decreased fertilizer and seed price, and land rent would significantly influenced paddy agribusiness income.
The Influence of Halal, Food Safety and Quality on Students' Buying Decisions Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Methods
Authors: Salsabila Atika , Wahyuni Hana Catur
Published: April 2022

In today's era, technology is growing rapidly. People are very easy to access information through various media either directly or indirectly. Therefore, society as consumers is very selective in determining the products and services to be consumed. There are many factors behind consumers in product selection. Among them are in terms of idolatry, food safety and quality. Companies must be able to set standards in order to maintain consumer trust and loyalty. This study aims to find out the relationship between halal factors, food safety and quality in consumer buying decisions. The object of the study is the student. As a younger generation, students can show selective and conscientious attitude before choosing a product and also have control in determining the development of trends in the future. This study uses structural equation modeling (SEM) methods. The results of this study are that of the 4 hypotheses only 3 hypotheses are accepted. The accepted standard of a hypothesis is if the CR (Critical Ratio) value ≥1.967 and the value of P (Probability) ≤0.05. The three accepted hypotheses are first, the influence of halal on food security. Second, the effect of safety on quality. Third, the influence of quality on buying decisions. The rejected hypothesis that halal affects the quality does not meet the critical ratio standard of -1,993 so that the results are not significant.
Efficiency and Safety of Percutaneous Spinal Biopsy Using Forceps
Authors: Jeon Ju Hee , Shin Hong Kyung , Park Byong Gon , Park Jin Hoon , Lee Jung Jae
Published: April 2022

Objective: Percutaneous spinal biopsy is an important tool in the detection and evaluation of patients with metastatic tumors, primary tumors, and infectious spondylitis. It has been reported that in lesions resistant to tissue-tearing, an accurate diagnosis via percutaneous needle biopsy is difficult. A few studies have performed spinal biopsy using forceps, which are mainly used for gastrointestinal endoscopy and transbronchial biopsy. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the safety and efficiency of performing bone biopsies using forceps.Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included patients who underwent fluoroscopy-guided spinal bone biopsy from July 2013 to November 2020 for suspected spondylitis, tumor metastasis, and primary tumors based on spinal imaging. Data on patients’ demographic characteristics were collected from their electronic medical records. Procedure-related factors such as instrument type, diagnostic yield, procedure time, and the presence of specific lesions (necrotic, sclerosing, or cystic lesions) on preoperative imaging were investigated. Pain at the pathology site was checked using a visual analogue scale before and 1 day after the procedure. We divided the participants into two groups based on the instrument (flyer forceps or biopsy needle) used during the biopsy and analyzed each factor between the two groups.Results: A total of 30 patients (aged 12-81 years) underwent spinal biopsy using a biopsy needle (n=16) or flyer forceps (n=14). Spinal biopsy was performed on 20 patients with metastatic tumors, three with sarcoma, and nine with infections. There were no demographic differences between the two groups, and no difference in pain intensity before and after the procedure was observed between the two groups. The operation time was significantly shorter in the flyer forceps group than in the conventional biopsy needle group (p=0.02). The accuracy of the diagnostic yield of the biopsy was higher in the flyer forceps group (100%) than in the biopsy needle group (75%), and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.04). Conclusion: This study demonstrates the usefulness and safety of bone biopsies performed using flyer forceps. The use of flyer forceps in fluoroscopy-guided biopsy enables the effective collection of sufficient samples in a shorter time than conventional biopsy needles. Furthermore, this procedure enabled more accurate diagnoses.
About TESOL in Context
Authors: TESOL in Context Journal Coordinator
Published: April 2022

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The Crisis of Extreme Inequality in SADC: Fighting austerity and the pandemic
Authors: Martin Matthew
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened the extreme inequality in Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries, and pushed millions into poverty. The economic crisis continues due to the obscene global vaccine inequality. As of end March 2022, a dismal 14% of SADC citizens had been fully vaccinated against COVID-19, compared with 65.5% in the United States and 73% in the European Union. In 2021, with infections rising in SADC, the critical health, social protection and economic programmes put in place by most governments in 2020 were rolled back and replaced with austerity, in the context of growing debt burdens and lack of external support for country budgets. Such austerity has been built into IMF programmes in the region. Recovering from the pandemic, however, offers SADC governments a once-in-a-generation opportunity to do what their citizens want: increase taxes on the wealthy and large corporations, boost public spending (especially on healthcare, education and social protection), and increase workers’ rights as well as tackling joblessness and precarious work. With external support, including through debt relief and aid, they could reduce inequality drastically and eliminate extreme poverty by 2030.
Photophysical and electronic properties of Congo red dye embedded in polyvinyl alcohol as an efficient laser optical limiter: Enhancement the electrical conductivity and dielectric properties
Authors: AlAbdulaal Thekrayat , Assiri Mohamed. A. , Mohammed M.I. , Zahran H.Y. , Harraz Farid A. , Al-Assiri M.S. , Yahia I.S. , Ibrahim M.A.
Published: April 2022

High-quality polymeric composite films containing Congo red dye and PVA were prepared using the casting technique. The proposed Cr-doped PVA composites were examined using XRD, UV–visible optical, dielectric, and optical limiting effect techniques. The XRD patterns of CR-doped PVA composite films display diffraction peaks, which belong to CR organic dye. There was a broadening and reduction of the initial peak intensity in polymer composite films at higher doping concentrations. The band edge of CR: PVA composites reduced with a massive shift from 4.63 eV to 1.86 e, where Congo red controls the energy bandgap of the PVA polymer. Dielectric permittivity diminishes with increasing the frequency and achieves constant values at higher frequencies through the relation between the electric dipole and the electric field differences. Increasing the percentage ratio of the CR doping enhances the electrical conductivity and dielectric permittivities due to the large size of the CR molecules. The strong optical limiting of the CR-doped PVA composites is determined using different laser sources of 632.8 and 532 nm wavelengths. The amazing obtained results imply that CR: PVA composite films are very significant for applying large-scale CUT-OFF laser filters for medical optical and electronic device systems.
Environmental and Social Correlates, and Energetic Consequences of Fitness Maximisation on Different Migratory Behaviours in a Long-lived Scavenger
Authors: Morant Jon , Scacco Martina , Safi Kamran , Gómez Jose María Abad , Álvarez Toribio , Sánchez Ángel , Phipps W. Louis , Alanís Isidoro Carbonell , García Javier , Prieta Javier , Zuberogoitia Iñigo , López-López Pascual
Published: April 2022

Partial migration is one of the most widespread migratory strategies among taxa. Investigating the trade-off between environmental/social factors - fitness and energetic consequences – is essential to understand the coexistence of migratory and resident behaviours. Here, we compiled field monitoring data of wintering population size and telemetry data of 25 migrant and 14 resident Egyptian Vultures Neophron percnopterus to analyse how environmental and social factors modulate resident population size, compare fitness components (i.e., survival and reproduction), and energetic consequences between migratory and resident individuals across wintering and non-wintering seasons. We observed that food availability positively correlated with the wintering population size and that subadult birds increased linearly with censused adult birds. Residents exhibited higher survival probabilities, but lower breeding activity and higher energy expenditure, less flight efficiency, and lower activity due to shorter winter-day lengths. On the contrary, migratory birds showed lower survival but more breeding attempts but spent less energy and flew more efficiently at longer distances, benefitting from longer days in African wintering quarters. These results suggest that anthropogenic food mediated social attraction could modulate population dynamics and promote residency. Food availability may benefit resident individuals enhancing their survival which may offset higher energy expenditure. Migrant birds, on the contrary, may compensate for the higher costs in terms of survival by a reduction in the energy cost, which may benefit future breeding. Our results offer new insights to understand how species benefit from one strategy or another and that the coexistence of both migratory forms is context-dependent.
Concentrate levels in sugar cane diets for buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Macêdo Luciana de Paula Costa , Pereira Kedes Paulo , Costa Cleber Tiago Ferreira , Vieira Guilherme Heliodoro Pedroso , Maciel Laura Priscila Araújo Amaro , Maciel Michel do Vale , Pessoa Ricardo Alexandre da Silva
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the effects concentrate levels in sugar cane diets on nutrient intake, digestibility, ingestive behaviour, ruminal parameters, and microbial protein synthesis of feedlot buffaloes. We used four Murrah buffaloes, with an average age of 15 months and an average body weight of 300 ± 50 kg, distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin square experimental design. The experiment consisted of four experimental periods, lasting 17 days each, with 13 days for the adaptation of the animals to the diets and the other four to obtain data and samples. The experimental diets were balanced so that they were isonitrogenated, using the sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) Variety RB92579 in natura, and cornmeal, wheat bran and soybean meal and containing increasing levels of concentrate (20, 40, 60 and 80%). The consumption of dry matter (DM) had an increasing linear effect (P < 0.05), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), total carbohydrates (TC) and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC). The digestibility of DM, OM, CP and EE carbohydrates and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) showed quadratic effect (P <0.05). Behavioural variables, food and idleness, increased linearly (P < 0.05). Total nitrogen, nitrogen balance (BN) and the relationship between BN and ingested nitrogen had an increasing linear effect (P < 0.05). Concentrate levels associated with sugar cane in buffalo diets allow the maintenance of ruminal parameters and provide an increase in the consumption of DM and nutrients, the efficiency of feeding, the use of nitrogen compounds and ruminal microbial protein synthesis.
Development of a quality of life questionnaire for transgender individuals during hormone therapy (iTransQol)
Authors: Feil Katharina , Riedl David , Gschwentner Lisa , Vomstein Kilian , Wegscheider Julia , arnold emanuela , Toth Bettina
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Quality of life (QoL) is a complex term, including mental, physical and social health, and everyone’s individual environment. While transgender individuals still often report lower QoL than other individuals, they can benefit substantially from gender affirming therapy. The aim of this study was to develop a questionnaire to determine QoL in transgender individuals during gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT). Methods: A multi-step questionnaire development process was performed. In phase 1, a list of key issues was established by reviewing relevant literature. In Phase 2, n = 38 transgender individuals as well as n = 6 practitioners evaluated the questionnaire (iTransQoL) in terms of relevance, meaning, comprehensibility and redundancy. Psychometric testing of the questionnaire was performed in phase 3 with n = 40 transgender individuals. The external validity of the iTransQoL was tested by comparison with three validated health questionnaires. Results: The exploratory factor analysis indicated an underlying four-factor solution. Psychometric testing showed acceptable to good overall reliability (α=0.73-0.83) for the total score and the four subscales as well as good validity indices. Based on the results a final version of the iTransQoL was established. Conclusion: The iTransQoL is a reliable and valid tool to evaluate QoL of transgender individuals during GAHT.
Dosimetric comparison of AcurosBV with AAPM TG43 dose calculation formalism in cervical intraductal high-dose-rate brachytherapy using three different applicators
Authors: Bi Su-yan , Chen Zhi-jian , Sun Xing-ru , Dai Zhitao
Published: April 2022

Purpose
To compare the dosimetric effects of American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) TG43 dose formalism and AcurosBV ( grid-based Boltzmann solver ,GBBS) formalism on High-dose-rate(HDR) brachytherapy planning for cervical cancer patients irradiated using three different applicators.
Methods
A TG43 plan and a AcurosBV plan were generated for each of the 30 patients. twenty patients who had undergone whole pelvic radiotherapy followed by cervical HDR brachytherapy and the remaining 10 patients who underwent total hysterectomy only gave HDR brachytherapy also were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into three groups according to the types of applicators used: tandem and ovoid (T&O), tandem and ring (T&R), and Cylinder. To compare the dosimetric parameters, the cumulative dose-volume histograms (DVHs) were measured. We also compared the doses at 90% of the volume (D90%), the volume receiving 100% and 150% of the prescribed dose (V100% and V150%) for the clinical target volume (CTV-HR) and the doses of point A, the dose receiving 0.1 cc and 2 cc of the volume (D0.1cc and D2cc) for the organs-at-risk (OARs).
Results
In this study, compared with the AcurosBV plans, TG43 plans predicted higher D90%, V100%, and V150% of CTV-HR, dose of point A and D0.1cc and D2cc of OARs in three types of applicators. Except D2cc of sigmoid in T&R and Cylinder applicators, the D90%, V100%, and V150% of CTV-HR; the Dose of point A and the D0.1cc and D2cc of bladder, recutum and small bowel exhibited significant discrepancies (P > 0.05). The effects of the three types of applicators on the dose distribution were quite different due to the difference of the materials: The dose difference of CTV-HR and OARs was greatest (around 10%) for T&O applicators but only 1%-5% for T&R and Cylinder applicators.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that AcurosBV was more accurate in calculating the doses in the air cavity and high-density substance than TG43. In the clinical setting, the AcurosBV exhibited different dosimetric distributions in the cervix plans for HDR brachytherapy, especially in treatment planning when using T&O applicators. The AcurosBV algorithm should be considered when using T&O applicators or some other materials with a much higher or lower density (metal or air) than soft tissue. Howevere, If the density is close to the soft tissue, considering AcurosBV algorithm requires more calculation time, TG43 could still be selected when using applicators in clinical.
“I was never one of those people who just jumped right in for me”: Patient perspectives on self-advocacy training for women with advanced cancer
Authors: Thomas Teresa Hagan , Murray Patty Jo , Rosenzweig Margaret , Taylor Sarah , Brufsky Adam , Bender Catherine , Larkin Mikayla , Schenker Yael
Published: April 2022

Purpose
Patients with advanced cancer experience many complicated situations which can make self-advocacy (defined as the ability speak up for yourself in the face of a challenge) difficult. Few self-advocacy interventions exist, and most are atheoretical with minimal patient engagement. The purpose of this study is to describe participant perspectives of a novel, self-advocacy intervention Strong Together.
Methods
This was a qualitative cross-sectional descriptive among women receiving cancer care at an academic cancer center within three months of an advanced gynecologic or breast cancer diagnosis. Participants randomized to receive the intervention completed one-on-one interviews after the three-month intervention and had the option to share voice journals about their experiences. Inductive qualitative approaches were used to descriptively analyze interview transcripts and notes and voice journals. Descriptive content analysis approaches were used to group similar codes together into themes summarizing participants' experiences engaging with the serious game intervention.
Results
Participants (N = 40) reported that the Strong Together serious game was acceptable, noting that it was realistic and reflective of their personal experiences. Overarching themes included: seeing myself in most scenarios and wanting more content; giving me the go ahead to expect more; offering ideas for how to stand up for myself; reinforcing what I am already doing; and reminding me of what I have. Participants suggested adding additional content including diverse characters.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates that women with advanced cancer were receptive to a self-advocacy skills-building intervention. Future research should explore the mechanisms linking serious games to learning and health outcomes.
A novel hybrid machine learning model for flood hazard zoning assessments
Authors: Wang Jhih-Huang , Lin Gwo-Fong , Huang Yun-Ru , Huang I-Hang , Chen Chieh-Lin
Published: April 2022

Developing flood hazard risk assessments is vital in early warning systems to mitigate the damages resulting from floods. In this paper, a new type of flood hazard zoning model is proposed by integrating the random forest (RF) and self-organizing map (SOM) methods. The model has two steps. First, the RF is used to construct a flood susceptibility analysis module to yield the flood susceptibility values. Second, according to the results of the flood susceptibility analysis, the flood susceptibility values are classified to obtain the flood hazard zones by using the flood hazard zoning module based on the SOM. Moreover, two different inputs for the SOM are considered: (i) only the flood susceptibility value of the self-pixel is used as one input, and (ii) flood susceptibility values of self-pixel and surrounding pixels are used as another input. To examine the efficiency of the improved proposed model for flood hazard zoning, we compared the proposed model with the existing model based on the natural break (NB) method. The proposed model was applied to the Lanyang Plain in the Yilan County, Taiwan, to demonstrate its advantages. The results indicated that the proposed model with the flood susceptibility values of the self-pixel and surrounding pixels does improve the assessment performance. The proposed model also performed better than the conventional model, and it could provide optimal flood hazard zoning maps. In conclusion, the proposed model is expected to be useful in supporting the formulation of adequate disaster mitigation strategies.
Continuous infusion versus intermittent infusion of vancomycin in critically ill patients undergoing continuous venovenous hemofiltration: A prospective interventional study
Authors: Xu Jinhui , Duan Lufen , Li Jiahui , Chen Fang , Xu Xiaowen , Lu Jian , Zhuang Zhiwei , Cao Yifei , Yuan Yunlong , Liu Xin , Sun Jiantong , Zhou Qin , Shi Lu , Tang Lian
Published: April 2022

Background: A prospective interventional study comparing outcomes in critically ill patients receiving intermittent infusion (II) or continuous infusion (CI) of vancomycin during continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) is lacking. The objective of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) target attainment, therapeutic efficacy and safety among critically ill patients who received CI or II of vancomycin in a prospective interventional trial and to explore the correlations of effluent flow rate (EFR), daily dose with PK/PD indices.Methods: This prospective interventional study was conducted in twoindependent intensive care units (ICUs) from February 2021 to January 2022.Patients in one ICU were assigned to receive CI (intervention group) of vancomycin, whereas patients in the other ICU were assigned to receive II regimen (control group). The primary outcome was to compare the PK/PD target attainment, including target concentration and target area under the curve over 24 hours to minimum inhibitory concentration(AUC24/MIC).Results: Overall target attainment of PK/PD indices was higher with CI compared with II, irrespective of target concentration (78.72% vs. 40.48%; P<0.001）or AUC24/MIC (53.19% vs. 23.81%; P = 0.005). There were no significant differences in clinical success (72.22% vs. 50.00%; P = 0.183) and microbiological success (83.33% vs. 75.00%, P = 0.681) between the patients treated with CI or II of vancomycin. Adverse reactions occurred at similar rates (8.70% vs. 7.14%; P> 0.999), and mortality between the two modalities was also not significant different (21.74% vs. 17.86%; P=0.728). Correlation analysis showed an inverse correlation of EFR with target concentration (r= -0.4057, P < 0.001) and AUC24/MIC (r= -0.4183, P < 0.001), whereas a significant positive association of daily dose was found with target concentration (r = 0.4962, P < 0.001) and AUC24/MIC (r = 0.6551, P < 0.001).Conclusion: As compared to II, CI of vancomycin in critically ill patients undergoing CVVH was associated with improved attainment of PK/PD indices. Furthermore, an inverse correlation of PK/PD indices was found with EFR,and a positive association with daily dose. Trial registration: The trial was registered in the Chinese clinical trial registration center (21/01/2021-No. ChiCTR2100042393)
Targeting neuronal lysosomal dysfunction caused by β-glucocerebrosidase deficiency with an enzyme-based Brain Shuttle construct
Authors: Gehrlein Alexandra , Udayar Vinod , Anastasi Nadia , Morella Martino , Ruf Iris , Pfahler Nina , Brugger Doris , Mark Sophia von der , Zhu Yanping , Deen Matthew , Shan Xiaoyang , Jochner Anton , Niewoehner Jens , Thoma Ralf , Rufer Arne , Wolf Luise , Villaseñor Roberto , Fueth Matthias , Ebeling Martin , Ehsaei Zahra , Taylor Verdon , Sidransky Ellen , Vocadlo David , Freskgård Per-Ola , Jagasia Ravi
Published: April 2022

Biallelic mutations in GBA1 that lead to reduced β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) activity result in the monogenic lysosomal storage disease Gaucher disease (GD). Variants in one GBA1 allele are the most common genetic risk factor for multiple synucleinopathies including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Therapies to increase GCase activity in the brain hold great promise for the treatment of these diseases. To this end, we have developed blood-brain barrier penetrant therapeutic molecules by fusing antibody moieties that bind the transferrin receptor (TfR) to murine or human GCase (referred to as mGCase-mBS or hGCase-hBS, respectively). We demonstrate that these fusion proteins maintain full enzymatic activity and, while their total cellular uptake is only marginally increased compared to the enzyme alone, they have up to 100-fold better lysosomal uptake and function. Uptake and efficacy of GCase-BS relies primarily on binding to the TfR, rather than to mannose phosphate receptors (M6PRs) as conventional enzyme replacement therapy. In a GD cellular model, GCase-BS rapidly rescues the lysosomal proteome and lipid accumulations beyond known GCase substrates. Intravenous injection of mGCase-mBS leads to significant reduction of brain lysosomal membrane lipids in a GD mouse model which is sustained for four weeks. Monthly dosing over six months shows sustained efficacy and reduces neurofilament-light chain (NFL) plasma levels. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the great potential of TfR-targeted GCase for treating GBA1-associated neurodegeneration, provide insight into candidate biomarkers of GD lysosomal dysfunction, and ultimately may open a new treatment paradigm for lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) extending beyond the central nervous system (CNS).
Work: Saviour or struggle? A qualitative study examining employment and finances in colorectal cancer survivors living with advanced cancer
Authors: Lim Chloe Yi Shing , Laidsaar-Powell Rebekah C , Young Jane M , Steffens Daniel , Koczwara Bogda , Zhang Yuehan , Butow Phyllis
Published: April 2022

PurposeContinuing employment or returning to work (RTW) as a cancer survivor can be meaningful and financially necessary, yet challenging. However, there is a lack of qualitative research on RTW experiences and financial wellbeing of people with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC-A). This study aimed to fill this gap.MethodsAdults treated for CRC-A were recruited 0.5-2 years post-surgery (or post-diagnosis of CRC-A for palliative chemotherapy participants). Semi-structured telephone interviews, exploring RTW and finances, were subjected to framework analysis. Demographic, clinical, and quality of life data (FACT-C, Distress Thermometer, COST measure) were collected to characterise the sample and inform the framework analysis.ResultsAnalysis of 38 interviews revealed five overarching themes: work as a struggle; work as my identity; work as my saviour; work as a financial necessity; and employer and colleague response. Many survivors with CRC-A desired to, and had the capacity to, continue work or RTW, yet faced unique challenges from compounded stigma of both cancer and toileting issues. Inability to RTW negatively impacted financial and psychosocial wellbeing. Workplace support was an important facilitator of RTW.ConclusionFor survivors with CRC-A, continuing or RTW is fraught with challenges, including physical functioning challenges, financial anxiety, and unsupportive workplace environments. Survivors require psychosocial, financial, and employer support to manage these difficulties. This paper recommends a multiprong approach, including education programs (facilitated through workers’ union groups, human resource institutions, and/or large consumer CRC groups) and policies, to support workers and for employers to understand the unique challenges of employees with CRC-A.
Exploring the dynamic nexus between urbanization and economic growth with carbon emissions in sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from panel PMG-ARDL estimation
Authors: AFRIYIE DENNIS , Zhong Wang , Shougeng Hu , Ampofo Gideon Minua Kwaku , Asante Daniel Akwasi
Published: April 2022

Sub-Saharan Africa, though not a 'big emitter,' is disproportionately affected by the enormous impact of climate change. With urbanization and economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa having undergone dramatic changes in recent decades, this study, with panel data from 37 sub-Saharan countries between the time period of 1995 to 2017, employs panel cointegration tests and pooled mean group ARDL (PMG-ARDL) techniques to empirically examine the impact of urbanization, economic growth, energy consumption, and industrialization on carbon emissions. Results confirm that (1) There is no significant impact of urbanization on carbon emissions in both the long-run and short-run. (2) energy consumption was found to have significantly impacted carbon emissions, thereby reducing environmental quality in the long-run and short-run. (3) Further findings revealed a significantly negative relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions as well as industrialization and carbon emissions with 1% growth in GDP per capita and industrialization reducing carbon emissions by 0.11% and 0.06% respectively in the long-run. (4) Additionally, our causality test shows a feedback relationship between urbanization and carbon emissions. Policymakers are advised to develop rural areas and plan urban centres, pay attention to sustainable energy sources and waste recycling, and educate the populace in order to improve environmental quality.
Dietary carbon loaded with nano-ZnO alters gut microbiota community to mediate bile acid metabolism and potentiate intestinal immune function of cattle
Authors: Zhang Haibo , Guan Weikun , Li Lizhi , Guo Dongsheng , Zhang Xiangfei , Guan Jiuqiang , Luo Runxiao , Zheng Siying , Fu Jiangwen , Cheng Yingying , He Qin
Published: April 2022

Background: To our knowledge, carbon loaded with nano-ZnO (NZnOC) represent a new nutritional additive for the food and animal husbandry industry. However, the mechanism by which NZnOC mediates cattle growth and intestinal health are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of carbon loaded with nano-ZnO (NZnOC) supplementation on gut microbiota, BA metabolism and intestinal immunity in fattening cattle. Twenty cattle were randomly assigned to two dietary groups: control diet (CON) without Zn supplement and CON diet supplemented with NZnOC. The trial lasted for 60 d.

Results: The results showed that the NZnOC-supplemented cattle had greater final weight, average daily gain and lower feed conversion ratio than those in the CON group. Cattle fed the NZnOC diet had significantly higher relative abundance of secondary BA synthesizing phyla Firmicutes, Tenericutes and Actinobacteria than those fed the CON diet. Dietary supplementation with NZnOC significantly increased the relative abundance of secondary BA synthesis microbiota genus Clostridium, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, Lachnospira, Collinsella, Fusobacterium and Brevibacillus in colon digesta. Cattle fed the NZnOC diet had markedly increased the activities of 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC:1.1.1.52) and bile acid-CoA ligase BaiB (EC:6.2.1.7) in the colon digesta compared with those fed the CON diet. The primary BA of taurocholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid and taurodeoxycholate acid were significantly decreased by dietary NZnOC supplementation, while secondary BA of deoxycholic acid, taurolithocholic acid, beta-muricholic acid, 12-ketolithocholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid were significantly increased. Dietary supplementation of NZnOC increased the mRNA abundance of Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5, phosphorylation of protein kinase A, cyclic-AMP response element binding protein and interleukin (IL)-10 in the colon mucosa of cattle, while the mRNA abundance of nuclear factor kappa-B, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-1β were significantly decreased. Compared with the CON group, cattle in the NZnOC group had higher mucosal IL-10 content and lower TNF-α and IL-1β contents.

Conclusions: These results not only suggest a beneficial effect of NZnOC on growth performance and intestinal immune function, but provides insight into potential mechanisms underlying NZnOC-facilitated intestinal secondary BA synthesis microbiota growth and secondary BA synthesis in cattle.
Highly efficient ion sieving through angstrom-scale channels embedded with supramolecular coordination complexes
Authors: Sun Yue , Li Runhao , Cheng Shi-Qi , Chen Zhao , Xu Yao , Yi Fan , Qin Huan , Liang Xiao-Cui , Liu Yi
Published: April 2022

Artificial channels that mimic biological systems are of significant interest but their fabrication remains challenging. The well-defined platinum(II) based supramolecular coordination complexes 1 was prepared via the directional bonding of supramolecular coordination complexes. These were attached to the inner walls of a solid polyethylene terephthalate channel having a bullet-like morphology based on self-assembled interfacial growth. The resulting channels allowed the rapid transport of monovalent metal ions (K+, Na+ and Li+) from tip to base while inhibiting the migration of divalent ions (Mg2+ and Ca2+). These channels efficiently separated monovalent from divalent metal ions on this basis, with an ultrahigh K+/Mg2+ selectivity ratio of 1015.5. Theoretical simulations demonstrated that this selectivity resulted from the high dehydration energy of the divalent ions and their strong interactions with porphyrin groups on the supramolecular coordination complexes. The present work is expected to assist in the future design of functionalized ion channels as well as the development of separation membrane materials.
Race profiling and phylogenetic analysis of the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita presages the possible emergence of virulence towards cotton in Central India
Authors: Gokte-Narkhedkar Nandini , Siddiqui Sameera , Nagrale Dipak T. , Gawande Shailesh P. , Chakrabarty# P. K.
Published: April 2022

With a host range spanning vegetables, pulses, grains, fruits, and cash crops such as cotton, the polyphagous root knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita is known globally as the most economically destructive genus of plant parasitic nematodes. During sampling efforts, severe root galling from RKN infestation was observed on cotton as well as several other vegetable crops in Nagpur, Wardha, Chandrapur, Jalgaon, Aurangabad and Yavatmal districts of the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra in Central India. M. incognita has been reported as the predominant nematode species in irrigated cotton growing regions of Northwestern India, but in the surveyed regions, the reniform nematode Rotylenchulus reniformis has been reported instead on cotton as the predominant species. As well, the sampled RKN populations were found in areas with soil characteristics not matching previously reported habitat conditions, pointing to the ability of RKN populations to tolerate and adapt to a wider variety of soil conditions than expected. Race profiling from differential host studies indicated all six populations to belong to race 3. Maximum likelihood analysis between the sampled populations and catalogued populations of M. incognita from other Indian states, based on the rDNA Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region showed the populations to form a phylogenetic grouping, thus indicating the potential of Indian populations to exhibit increased pathogenicity towards cotton. As it stands, with cotton as the dominant crop of the region alongside other vegetable crops, the found results underscore the need for proactive surveillance of nematode infestations of cotton.
Has the construction of National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zones reduced the urban carbon emissions? A quasi-natural experiment in China
Authors: Fang Lan , Tang Heyan , Mou Muge
Published: April 2022

This paper investigates the effects of innovation-driven development on carbon emissions reduction in Chinese urban area. We use panel data on 285 cities which covers 95.96% of Chinese cities during the period of 2003 to 2017. The time-varying difference-in-differences (DID) model is employed to estimate the impact of the creation of China’s National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zones (NIDZs) on urban carbon emission levels. Compared with non-pilot cities, our results indicate that total carbon dioxide emissions and emission intensity of pilot cities decreased by 4.8% and 5.8% respectively. The results suggest that the construction of NIDZs can significantly promote urban carbon emission reductions. Moreover, our mechanism tests indicate that this pilot policy can encourage technological innovation and optimize industrial structure, which in turn suppresses urban carbon dioxide emissions. Furthermore, heterogeneity analysis shows that the policy effect is stronger in cities with higher levels of human capital, government finance and information infrastructure. Overall, this study enriches the relevant research on carbon emission reduction of cities and puts forward some policy recommendations.
Synthesis, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of triazole, pyrazole containing thiazole Derivatives and Molecular docking studies on COVID-19
Authors: Raghavender Matta , Pochampally Jalapathi , Dhoddi Bala Narsimha , Shankar Bhookya , Bitla Sampath , Akkiraju Anjini Gayatri
Published: April 2022

An innovative heterocyclic biologically active series of triazole, pyrazole contain 2,4-disubstituted thiazole analogs 12a-l derived from p-hydroxy benzaldehyde and phenylhydrazine in excellent yields and purity. All the synthesized compounds were unambiguously identified on the basis of their spectral data analyses (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectra, and HRMS). The final derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro anti-microbial activity after thorough purification. Among all tested compounds the compound 12e, 12f and 12k possess highest growth inhibitory activity at MIC values of 4.8, 5.1 and 4.0 μg/ml respectively. The antioxidant properties of these compounds demonstrated and revealed that remarkable activity compared to the standard antioxidant by using DPPH free radical-scavenging assay. Moreover, molecular docking studies to evaluate the probable interactions with the catalytic domain of the gram-positive S. Aureus topoisomerase IV enzyme may provide new insights for developing these new hybrids as potential antimicrobial agents. The binding affinities of compounds 12a-l were ranging from -10.0 to -11.0K.cal/mol with topoisomerase IV enzyme and with COVID-19 main protease binding affinities are ranging from-8.2 to-9.3 Kcal/mol. These docking studies reveal that the compounds 12a-l could be the best inhibitors for novel SARS Cov-2 virus and have more future in discovery of potent drug candidate.
Bulk Photovoltaic Behavior Induced in Mechanically Distorted MoTe2
Authors: Aftab Sikandar , Shehzad Muhammad Arslan , Kabir Fahmid , Ajmal Hafiz Muhammad Salman , Elahi Ehsan , Yousuf Saqlain , Iqbal Muhammad Waqas
Published: April 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Safety of same-day discharge posterior lumbar decompression and/or discectomy: An observational study using administrative data from England
Authors: Gray William K , Day Jamie , Briggs Tim W. R. , Hutton Mike
Published: April 2022

Purpose
Same-day discharge is widely used in many surgical specialities. If carefully planned, it can improve patient outcomes whilst using resources efficiently. We aimed to investigate the safety of same-day discharge following a posterior lumbar decompression and/or discectomy (PLDD).
Methods
This was a retrospective analysis of administrative data. We extracted data form the Hospital Episodes Statistics database for the five years from 1st April 2014 to 31st March 2019. Patients undergoing an elective one or two level PLDD aged 19–54 years during the index stay were included. The primary exposure variable was same-day discharge or post-surgery overnight stay and the primary outcome was emergency hospital readmission within 90 days post-discharge.
Results
Data were available for 45,814 PLDD performed across 100 hospital trusts of which 7,914 (17.3%) were performed as same-day discharge. Same-day discharge rates varied from 87.7–0% across hospital trusts. Fourteen (15.6%) trusts had same-day discharge rates above 30% and 57 (63.3%) trusts had same-day discharge rats below 10%. The odds of emergency hospital readmission within 90 days were lower for same-day discharge patients (odds ratio 0.72 (95% confidence interval 0.61 to 0.85). There was no difference in outcomes for patients seen at trusts with a same-day discharge rate of ≥ 30% compared to trusts with a same-day discharge rate of ≤ 10%.
Conclusions
Based on our analysis, same-day discharge low-complexity elective PLDD is safe in patients below the age of 55 years. There is potential for many providers to substantially increase their rates of same-day discharge.
Transcriptome-based Identification and Molecular Evolution of Cytochrome P450 Genes and Expression Profiling during sycamore lace bug Corythucha ciliata Feeding on London planetree Platanus acerifolia
Authors: Tusun Abudurusuli , Li Fengqi , Dewer Youssef , wu chunyan
Published: April 2022

Background Plant cytochrome P450s are important in the biosynthesis of essential physiological compounds. However, the gene family of P450s in london planetree have not yet been reported.Objective To explore the sequence characteristics and expression pattern of P450s in london planetree.Methods The phylogenetic studies, evolutionary analysis,gene expression profiling, Weighted correlation network analysis of P450 genes in london planetree were conducted. The jasmonic acid pathway key synthetase gene AOS was analyzed by qRT-PCR, cloned, homology modeled, and molecular docking analysis.Results The london planetree P450 genes were divided into 8 clans, 38 families, and 50 subfamilies. Among them, 48 genes showed a strong negative selec-tion of P450 genes between london planetree and Arabidopsis thaliana. Nine P450 genes were sig-nificantly up-regulated at 24 h and 48 h after feeding induction by sycamore lace bug Corythucha ciliata. After Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), the P450 genes were identified by a co-expression network mod-ule after feeding, and we identified CYP74A187 (T107931_c2_g1), CYP94A140 (T107552_c0_g3), and CYP79A208 (T94418_c0_g1) as the three hub genes for the expression module. An additional nine key P450 genes were verified by qPCR. The jasmonic acid (JA) pathway key synthetase gene AOS (CYP74A187) was cloned, homology modeled, and subjected to molecular docking analysis. Conclusion This study identified the P450 gene family members of london planetree, and its expression, evolution, and anti-insect defense response. These data increased our understanding of the bio-logical stress of london planetree.