bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Habilidades de consciência fonológica em crianças de escolas pública e particular durante o processo de alfabetização
Authors: Gonçalves Thaís dos Santos , Neves Thaíla Affonso Pimenta , Nicolielo Ana Paola , Crenitte Patrícia Abreu Pinheiro , Lopes-Herrera Simone Aparecida
Published: August 2013

OBJETIVO: Verificar e comparar habilidades de consciência fonológica (CF) de crianças estudantes de escola pública e particular, em processo de alfabetização. MÉTODOS: Foi aplicado um teste de CF em 70 crianças da primeira série do Ensino Fundamental, sendo 35 estudantes de escola pública e 35 de escola particular, no início (pré-teste) e no final (pós-teste) do ano letivo. RESULTADOS: Todas as crianças obtiveram melhora no desempenho, quando comparados o pré e o pós-teste. No pré-teste, os melhores escores foram relativos às provas que envolviam o nível silábico e rimas. No entanto, comparando-se o pré-teste com o pós-teste, as provas de nível fonêmico foram as que resultaram em índices significativos de melhora em toda a amostra. As crianças da escola particular obtiveram maior pontuação na maioria das provas, assim como maior número total de pontos no pré-teste e no pós-teste, em relação às crianças da escola pública. Houve redução da diferença entre as escolas no desempenho da CF no final do ano letivo. CONCLUSÃO: Todas as crianças apresentaram melhora nas habilidades de CF com o processo de alfabetização. As crianças da escola particular demonstraram melhor desempenho, principalmente no pré-teste, indicando possível influência dos aspectos socioeconômicos no desenvolvimento dessas habilidades. As habilidades de rimas e as habilidades silábicas desenvolveram-se antes do processo de alfabetização e as habilidades de consciência fonêmica foram desenvolvidas concomitantemente com esse processo. Enfatiza-se, ainda, na amostra estudada, a importância do ensino da escola pública na diminuição da discrepância dessas habilidades entre as escolas, no final do ano letivo.
Avaliação do conhecimento sobre a discalculia entre educadores
Authors: Dias Michelle de Almeida Horsae , Pereira Mônica Medeiros de Britto , Van Borsel Jonh
Published: August 2013

OBJETIVO: Obter dados locais na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro sobre o conhecimento ou a percepção do profissional de educação sobre os sinais indicativos de discalculia. MÉTODOS: Foi elaborado e aplicado a 63 professores do ensino fundamental das redes de ensino pública e particular, um questionário com 18 perguntas específicas sobre discalculia, sendo duas perguntas abertas e 16 fechadas. As perguntas abordavam a presença do tema na formação, experiência profissional, conhecimento específico e propostas de estratégias pedagógicas para a discalculia. RESULTADOS: Quarenta e cinco vírgula dois por cento dos professores informaram desconhecer o quadro de discalculia. Apenas 12,9% consideraram-se capazes de identificar um caso de suspeita de discalculia. CONCLUSÃO: De acordo com os resultados obtidos, os professores possuem pouco conhecimento específico sobre a discalculia e se mostram inseguros da sua capacidade de identificar um caso suspeito.
Percepção auditiva de professores disfônicos
Authors: Buosi Mara Mércia Belúcio , Ferreira Léslie Piccolotto , Momensohn-Santos Teresa Maria
Published: August 2013

OBJETIVO: Descrever os achados da avaliação de habilidades auditivas - traços de frequência, intensidade e duração - em um grupo de professores disfônicos (GD), comparando-os aos encontrados em professores não-disfônicos (GND). MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 44 sujeitos do gênero feminino, na faixa etária de 18 a 40 anos, sendo 23 disfônicos (GD) e 21 não-disfônico (GND). Para definir esses grupos, as professoras foram submetidas à avaliação laringológica e perceptivo-auditiva da voz, bem como, à avaliação audiológica completa, a fim de que fossem excluídas aquelas que apresentassem perda auditiva. Após a seleção, procedeu-se a investigação do Limiar Diferencial de Intensidade e da aplicação dos Testes de Detecção de Padrão de Frequência e Duração. RESULTADOS: O GND apresentou melhor desempenho que o GD na avaliação do parâmetro de frequência. CONCLUSÃO: A análise relacionada à percepção auditiva mostra diferença apenas para o parâmetro da frequência entre professores disfônicos e não disfônicos. Estudos com maior número de sujeitos e com outros testes que avaliem o limiar diferencial de intensidade podem esclarecer melhor a relação entre problemas de voz e dificuldades na percepção de pequenas diferenças de intensidade.
Ruído em hospital universitário: impacto na qualidade de vida
Authors: Silva Monique Cantelli da , Luz Vivian Baptista da , Gil Daniela
Published: August 2013

OBJETIVO: Aferir os níveis de ruído em distintos ambientes de um hospital universitário e investigar o impacto dessa exposição na qualidade de vida dos profissionais que atuam nesses ambientes. MÉTODOS: O ruído foi aferido por meio de medidor de pressão sonora em três períodos do dia: manhã, tarde e noite, durante uma semana, em diferentes dependências de um hospital, a saber: UTI neonatal, nutrição, anfiteatros, gráfica, lavanderia, marcenaria e serralheria. Para cinco trabalhadores de cada setor, foi solicitado o preenchimento dos questionários de hábitos auditivos e de Qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-Bref), adaptado para o Português Brasileiro. Para cada questão do WHOQOL-Bref atribuiu-se de 0 a 5 pontos, sendo que, ao final, quanto maior a pontuação, melhor qualidade de vida o indivíduo considera ter. RESULTADOS: Houve diferença significativa entre os ambientes, para os valores mínimos e máximos de pressão sonora, independentemente do período do dia em que foi realizada a aferição. Todos os ambientes puderam ser considerados prejudiciais. Nos escores apresentados nas questões de qualidade de vida geral e nos domínios do WHOQOL-Bref (Qualidade de Vida, Físico, Psicológico, Relações Sociais e Meio Ambiente), observou-se que não houve diferença entre os setores. CONCLUSÃO: Os níveis mínimos e máximos de ruído em todos os setores, com exceção da UTI neonatal, excedem os previstos para ambiente hospitalar; a variação dos níveis de ruído caracteriza ambientes com ruídos intermitentes que colocam em risco a saúde auditiva dos funcionários; os níveis de ruído aferidos evidenciam a necessidade de implementação de Programa de Conservação Auditiva, com medidas coletivas e individuais.
Uso de aparelho de amplificação sonora individual por idosos: estudo SABE - saúde, bem- estar e envelhecimento
Authors: Cruz Mariana Sodário , Lima Maria Cristina Pereira , Santos Jair Lício Ferreira , Duarte Yeda Aparecida de Oliveira , Lebrão Maria Lucia , Ramos-Cerqueira Ana Teresa de Abreu
Published: August 2013

OBJETIVO: Descrever o uso do aparelho de amplificação sonora individual (AASI) pela população idosa do município de São Paulo e fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, descritivo e quantitativo, integrante do Estudo SABE (Saúde, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento), desenvolvido no ano de 2006. Foram entrevistados 1115 sujeitos com 65 anos ou mais. A amostra foi obtida de setores censitários em dois estágios, com reposição e probabilidade proporcional à população, complementando-se para acima de 75 anos. Utilizou-se questionário estruturado e instrumentos validados. Os dados foram ponderados e a análise foi realizada no software Stata 10®, através do teste de Rao-Scott para análise univariada e regressão logística tipo stepwise backward para análise multivariada. RESULTADOS: Trezentos e setenta e sete sujeitos (30,4%) apresentaram deficiência auditiva autorreferida e destes, 10,1% declararam utilizar o AASI. Dentre as formas de aquisição do dispositivo, 78,8% utilizaram recursos particulares e 16,9% adquiriram via Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Dentre os não protetizados, 16,6% relataram indicação prévia. Entretanto, 8,6% não se acostumaram e 8,0% não adquiriram, por problemas financeiros. O uso do AASI associou-se à menor prevalência de provável demência. CONCLUSÃO: O baixo número de usuários de AASI indica dificuldades dos idosos em adquiri-lo e/ou dos serviços de saúde em adaptá-los de forma efetiva. Esse achado pode influenciar a qualidade de vida do idoso deficiente auditivo, visto a associação com a provável demência, revelada pelo presente estudo.
Reabilitação vestibular com realidade virtual na ataxia espinocerebelar
Authors: Zeigelboim Bianca Simone , Souza Sandra Dias de , Mengelberg Heidi , Teive Hélio Afonso Ghizoni , Liberalesso Paulo Breno Noronha
Published: August 2013

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar os benefícios da reabilitação vestibular (RV) com realidade virtual, por meio de avaliação pré e pós-aplicação da Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg (EEB), em quatro casos de ataxia espinocerebelar (AEC). Os casos foram submetidos aos seguintes procedimentos: anamnese, inspeção otológica, avaliação vestibular e aplicação da EEB pré e pós-RV, com a realidade virtual representada por meio da utilização de jogos do equipamento Wii Fit. Os casos retratam quatro pacientes com diagnóstico genético de AEC (dois tipo 2, um tipo 3 e um em investigação), sendo três do gênero feminino e um do gênero masculino, na faixa etária de 30 a 62 anos. Os pacientes referiram sintomas otoneurológicos e, no exame vestibular, observou-se a presença de nistagmo semiespontâneo com características centrais, ausência de nistagmo pós-rotatório, hiporreflexia e preponderância direcional do nistagmo assimétrica à prova calórica. Nos casos 1 e 2, os pacientes referiram melhora na coordenação dos movimentos e do equilíbrio corporal, independente do escore na EEB ter demonstrado médio risco para queda, antes e após a realização dos exercícios. No caso 3, o paciente apresentou melhora do escore na EEB, bem como do equilíbrio, apresentando baixo risco para queda. O caso 4 não evidenciou melhora na avaliação após a execução dos exercícios. Este estudo de caso demonstrou a possibilidade da aplicação dos exercícios de RV com estímulos virtuais na AEC, com melhora da coordenação motora e do equilíbrio postural.
Anatomy of rotational hardening in clay plasticity
Authors: DAFALIAS Y.F. , TAIEBAT M.
Published: August 2013

Rotational hardening is a constitutive feature of anisotropic clay plasticity models that allows rotation of the yield and plastic potential surfaces in stress space in order to simulate, more realistically than isotropic models, the material response under various loading conditions. The anatomy of some well-known rotational hardening rules, as well as a novel proposition with certain advantages, is performed in relation to the following characteristics: (a) the conditions under which rotational hardening yields a unique critical state line in e–p space; (b) the restrictions on model parameters necessary to prevent excessive and unrealistic rotation of the yield and plastic potential surfaces; and (c) the analytical description of the response of rotational hardening to loading at constant stress and strain-rate ratios, including K0 consolidation, and to undrained shearing. The anatomy will reveal strong and weak features, and corrections for the latter are proposed. Special attention is given to calibration of the rotational hardening rules parameters based on easily available experimental data, such as the K0 value. Simulations of experimental data under drained and undrained loading after isotropic and K0 consolidation at various OCRs for associative and non-associative flow rules illustrate the simulative capabilities of the rotational hardening rules considered.
Finite-element modelling of SFRC members in bending
Authors: de Montaignac Renaud , Massicotte Bruno , Charron Jean-Philippe
Published: August 2013

This paper is aimed at understanding the mechanics of steel-fibre-reinforced concrete (SFRC) in the context of designing for structural applications. It focuses on the testing procedures adopted to obtain the tensile response of SFRC that are used in finite-element models of structural elements submitted to bending. Modelling of standardised material test specimens enabled validating the assumptions used in inverse analysis to determine the post-cracking σ–w response from bending tests on notched beams and round panels. The effect of fibre orientation, the testing procedure and the validity of standardised test are discussed. Modelling of SFRC structural beams of different scales, shapes, with and without conventional reinforcement, emphasises the importance of using non-uniform material properties within the model to correctly predict the member stiffness and strength, and the crack opening evolution. The paper confirmed that the integration point spacing must be used as the reference length for converting σ–w post-cracking response to σ−ε material properties for carrying out finite-element analysis. Moreover this approach is not affected by the element size and member depth.
Phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence for the role of food and habitat in the assembly of communities of marine amphipods
Authors: Best Rebecca J. , Stachowicz John J.
Published: August 2013

The study of community assembly processes currently involves (a) long‐standing questions about the relative importance of environmental filtering vs. niche partitioning in a wide range of ecosystems, and (b) more recent questions about methodology. The rapidly growing field of community phylogenetics has generated debate about the choice between functional traits and phylogenetic relationships for understanding species similarities, and has raised additional questions about the contribution of experimental vs. observational approaches to understanding evolutionary constraints on community assembly. In this study, we use traits, a phylogeny, and field surveys to identify the forces structuring communities of herbivorous marine amphipods and isopods living in adjacent seagrass and macroalgae. In addition, we compare our field results to a recently published mesocosm experiment that tested the effects of both trait and phylogenetic diversity on coexistence using the same species and system. With respect to community assembly processes, we found that environmental filtering was the dominant process in macroalgae habitats, that niche partitioning was the dominant process in seagrass habitats, and that the strength of these assembly mechanisms varied with seasonal fluctuations in environmental conditions and resource availability. These patterns are indicated by both phylogenetic relationships and trait distances, but the type of resources being partitioned in seagrass habitats can only be deciphered using trait data. Species coexisting in seagrass in the field differed not in their feeding niche but in traits related to microhabitat use, providing novel evidence of the relative importance of competition for food vs. habitat in structuring communities of phytophagous invertebrates. With respect to methodology, the results for seagrass habitats conflict with those obtained in mesocosms, where feeding trait diversity did promote coexistence and phylogenetic diversity had no effect. This contrast arises because a greater range of traits (some of which have much stronger phylogenetic signal than feeding traits) contribute to community assembly in the field. This highlights a mismatch between the processes that drive community assembly in the field and the processes we isolated in experimental tests, and illustrates that using phylogeny as a single proxy in both contexts may impede the synthesis of observational and experimental results.
Chronic Low Back and Left Lower Extremity Pain in an Elderly Woman
Authors: Hayes Ann M. , Place Howard M.
Published: August 2013

The patient was a 79-year-old woman who presented to her primary care physician with complaints of constant low back and left lower extremity pain that had progressively worsened over the previous 6 months. Given the patient's age, progressively worsening symptoms, and positive neurologic findings, radiographs were ordered, which demonstrated a spondylolisthesis at L4-5 with significant disc space narrowing at L4-5 and L5-S1. Further evaluation through magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated severe central canal, lateral recess, and foraminal stenosis, as well as a posterior disc protrusion, a degenerative forward listhesis, and a left-sided synovial cyst at L4-5.

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(9):674. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.0417
Hip Joint Torques During the Golf Swing of Young and Senior Healthy Males
Authors: Foxworth Judy L. , Millar Audrey L. , Long Benjamin L. , Way Michael , Vellucci Matthew W. , Vogler Joshua D.
Published: August 2013

Study Design

Descriptive, laboratory study.

Objectives

To compare the 3-D hip torques during a golf swing between young and senior healthy male amateur golfers. The secondary purpose was to compare the 3-D hip joint torques between the trail leg and lead leg.

Background

The generation of hip torques from the hip musculature is an important aspect of the golf swing. Golf is a very popular activity, and estimates of hip torques during the golf swing have not been reported.

Methods

Twenty healthy male golfers were divided into a young group (mean ± SD age, 25.1 ± 3.1 years) and a senior group (age, 56.9 ± 4.7 years). All subjects completed 10 golf swings using their personal driver. A motion capture system and force plates were used to obtain kinematic and kinetic data. Inverse dynamic analyses were used to calculate 3-D hip joint torques of the trail and lead limbs. Two-way analyses of covariance (group by leg), with club-head velocity as a covariate, were used to compare peak hip torques between groups and limbs.

Results

Trail-limb hip external rotator torque was significantly greater in the younger group compared to the senior group, and greater in the trail leg versus the lead leg.

Conclusion

When adjusting for club-head velocity, young and senior healthy male amateur golfers generated comparable hip torques during a golf swing, with the exception of the trail-limb hip external rotator torque. The largest hip torque found was the trail-limb hip extensor torque. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(9):660–665. Epub 25 July 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4417
Reliability and Validity of the Dutch Version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire in Patients After Total Hip Arthroplasty or Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Blikman Tim , Stevens Martin , Bulstra Sjoerd K. , van den Akker-Scheek Inge , Reininga Inge H.F.
Published: August 2013

Study Design

Psychometric assessment.

Objectives

To determine test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in patients after total hip arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty.

Background

Despite recognized benefits of regular physical activity, little is known about the physical activity level of patients after total hip arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty. None of the currently used questionnaires is internationally accepted. The IPAQ tries to address this problem, but its validity and reliability in those who have had a total hip arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty are unknown.

Methods

Forty-four patients completed the IPAQ (short and long forms) twice. Test-retest reliability was assessed by Spearman correlation coefficients (r) and intraclass correlation coefficients. Additionally, standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change were calculated. Concurrent validity was determined by an accelerometer. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated between IPAQ scores and accelerometer data. Bland-Altman analyses were performed for both reliability and validity.

Results

Fair to good correlation coefficients were found for test-retest reliability of the total and activity scores (r = 0.49–0.81, intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.27–0.71). Standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change were large. For concurrent validity, weak to moderate correlation coefficients were found for total and activity scores (r = −0.07 to 0.54). Systematic bias was found between the IPAQ and accelerometer data, with higher scores on the IPAQ.

Conclusion

Overall, the IPAQ showed fair reliability and weak concurrent validity. These results are in line with previous studies of the reliability and validity of the IPAQ. Due to systematic bias and large standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change, the IPAQ may only be suitable for intergroup comparisons. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(9):650–659. Epub 25 July 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4422
A Novel Device Using the Nordic Hamstring Exercise to Assess Eccentric Knee Flexor Strength: A Reliability and Retrospective Injury Study
Authors: Opar David A. , Piatkowski Timothy , Williams Morgan D. , Shield Anthony J.
Published: August 2013

Study Design

Reliability and case-control injury study.

Objectives

To determine if a novel device designed to measure eccentric knee flexor strength via the Nordic hamstring exercise displays acceptable test-retest reliability; to determine normative values for eccentric knee flexor strength derived from the device in individuals without a history of hamstring strain injury (HSI); and to determine if the device can detect weakness in elite athletes with a previous history of unilateral HSI.

Background

HSI and reinjury are the most common cause of lost playing time in a number of sports. Eccentric knee flexor weakness is a major modifiable risk factor for future HSI. However, at present, there is a lack of easily accessible equipment to assess eccentric knee flexor strength.

Methods

Thirty recreationally active males without a history of HSI completed the Nordic hamstring exercise on the device on 2 separate occasions. Intraclass correlation coefficients, typical error, typical error as a coefficient of variation, and minimal detectable change at a 95% confidence level were calculated. Normative strength data were determined using the most reliable measurement. An additional 20 elite athletes with a unilateral history of HSI within the previous 12 months performed the Nordic hamstring exercise on the device to determine if residual eccentric muscle weakness existed in the previously injured limb.

Results

The device displayed high to moderate reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.83–0.90; typical error, 21.7–27.5 N; typical error as a coefficient of variation, 5.8%–8.5%; minimal detectable change at a 95% confidence level, 60.1–76.2 N). Mean ± SD normative eccentric flexor strength in the uninjured group was 344.7 ± 61.1 N for the left and 361.2 ± 65.1 N for the right side. The previously injured limb was 15% weaker than the contralateral uninjured limb (mean difference, 50.3 N; 95% confidence interval: 25.7, 74.9; P<.01), 15% weaker than the normative left limb (mean difference, 50.0 N; 95% confidence interval: 1.4, 98.5; P = .04), and 18% weaker than the normative right limb (mean difference, 66.5 N; 95% confidence interval: 18.0, 115.1; P<.01).

Conclusion

The experimental device offers a reliable method to measure eccentric knee flexor strength and strength asymmetry and to detect residual weakness in previously injured elite athletes. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(9):636–640. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4837
Constructing Aligned Assessments Using Automated Test Construction
Authors: Porter Andrew , Polikoff Morgan S. , Barghaus Katherine M. , Yang Rui
Published: August 2013

We describe an innovative automated test construction algorithm for building aligned achievement tests. By incorporating the algorithm into the test construction process, along with other test construction procedures for building reliable and unbiased assessments, the result is much more valid tests than result from current test construction practices. The test construction process is efficient and versatile in its application. The target domain could be state content standards, a particular curriculum, or even an intervention. The algorithm, which draws on Surveys of Enacted Curriculum (SEC) procedures, can be employed in the context of English language arts and reading, mathematics, or science. We demonstrate the algorithm’s use and benefits for constructing tests, guiding item writing, and creating subtests from an existing test such that the subtests.
Gender Gaps in College Enrollment
Authors: Conger Dylan , Long Mark C.
Published: August 2013

This article uses Florida administrative data to evaluate the role that public high schools play in the growing female advantage in college enrollment. We first show evidence of gender sorting across public high schools that is beyond what one would observe if students were randomly assigned to their schools. Using regression and decomposition techniques, we then find that across-school gender sorting explains 12% and 16% of females’ higher rates of enrollment among Hispanic and Black students, respectively. This relatively large contribution of high schools to gender disparities in college enrollment among Black and Hispanic students has implications for educators at all levels.
Naturalizing Race Relations: Conservation, Colonialism, and Spectacle at the Banff Indian Days
Authors: Clapperton Jonathan
Published: August 2013

Abstract:

The Aboriginal population around Banff National Park was in many ways restricted from its boundaries shortly after its creation. However, Aboriginal people – in particular the Stoney (Nakoda) – would return en masse once a year to participate in the Banff Indian Days. While ethnographic expositions and spectacles have received much attention from social and cultural historians, the Banff Indian Days differ in that they occurred within an atmosphere saturated by an ideology of nature conservation. Drawing on photographs, advertising posters, archival materials, and oral recordings, this article argues that the Banff Indian Days were a physical manifestation of a much broader (indeed ongoing) dialogue, renegotiated and performed annually, between Natives and newcomers over the conditions under which Aboriginal peoples would be included within Canada's burgeoning parks and protected areas. Ultimately, the relationships between Natives and Indian Days organizers, park staff, Banff residents, and spectators resulting from this discussion were ambivalent. For non-Native organizers and spectators, the Indian Days provided a means to show how Natives could be safely, though only temporarily, restored to the park's environ. Enclosing Aboriginal participants within outsider representations and restricting them to supposedly regimented schedules, non-Natives believed Aboriginals posed a threat neither to established social hierarchies nor to the environment. Yet Native participants proved autonomous and unpredictable. They consistently mocked and subverted many of the race, class, and gender boundaries that Indian Days organizers never envisioned them crossing. In doing so, they attempted to expand their role within the national park system specifically and within a settler-colonial society more broadly.
Quebec, Haiti, and the Deportation Crisis of 1974
Authors: Mills Sean
Published: August 2013

Abstract:

Throughout the fall of 1974, the threatened deportation of several hundred Haitians catalysed a major crisis in Quebec society. Rather than quietly accepting their fate, resisting individually by going underground, or heading to another jurisdiction, Haitian migrants brought their story to the larger public through protests and interventions in the mainstream media. In so doing, they mobilized a movement opposing the deportations, precipitating a crisis in Quebec political life during which church groups, trade unions, voluntary associations, civil rights organizations, and artists and intellectuals denounced the strict enforcement of immigration regulations. Partly because of their appeals to the conscience of the population, and partly because of their ability to position themselves as ideal francophone immigrants for modern Quebec, Haitian migrants created a space for themselves in the public sphere in which their voices and perspectives could be heard. Throughout the crisis, they used this space to shift the discussion beyond debates about federal–provincial relations, to introduce new arguments about the interconnected histories of Canada, Quebec, and Haiti. The arguments that they brought forward had an important influence on social movements in Quebec as well as on the province's political culture in general.
No One Becomes a Feminist to Be Appreciated
Authors: Mitchinson Wendy
Published: August 2013

Abstract:

In her memories of her “life in history,” Wendy Mitchinson integrates her private life with that of her work in the academy. As a member of the first major cohort of historians researching Canadian women's history, she relates her years as a student at York University in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the rise of feminism, and the way in which her work on women and becoming a feminist altered people's view of her and her own self-image. It was an exciting period of history, and she acknowledges that life choices open to her had not existed for her mother's generation.
Higher education gone global: Introduction to the special issue
Authors: Nielsen Gritt B.
Published: August 2013

In order to prosper as a so-called knowledge society in a global economy, countries worldwide are increasingly emphasising the need to internationalise their higher education institutions and attract the best and brightest students and staff from abroad. This article explores the shifting rationales for internationalisation and how today, based on novel forms of comparability and exchange, a new and highly stratified arena for higher education is developing. By focusing on the conferences and fairs where actors negotiate and position higher education on various scales, not least a global one, the article introduces the core themes of this special issue and presents one possible context for the following articles.
Caught between internationalisation and immigration: The case of Nepalese students in Denmark
Authors: Valentin Karen
Published: August 2013

An explicit marketisation and national profiling of Denmark as an attractive country for foreign students has resulted in an increasing number of students from poor countries in the global South, including Nepal, being admitted to Danish colleges and universities. The influx of students from these countries has led to several accusations against them of using enrolment in educational institutions primarily as an entrance point to the Danish labour market. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork among Nepalese students in Denmark this article addresses the intersection of internationalisation of higher education and immigration policy in a Europe with tightened immigration rules for certain nationalities.
Chinese students' great expectations: Prospective pre-school teachers on the move
Authors: Thøgersen Stig
Published: August 2013

The article focuses on Chinese students' hopes and expectations before leaving to study abroad. The national political environment for their decision to go abroad is shaped by an official narrative of China's transition to a more creative and innovative economy. Students draw on this narrative to interpret their own educational histories and prior experiences, while at the same time making use of imaginaries of 'Western' education to redefine themselves as independent individuals in an increasingly globalised and individualised world. Through a case study of prospective pre-school teachers preparing to study abroad, the article shows how personal, professional and even national goals are closely interwoven. Students expect education abroad to be a personally transformative experience, but rather than defining their goals of individual freedom and creativity in opposition to the authoritarian political system, they think of themselves as having a role in the transformation of Chinese attitudes to education and parent-child relations.
The Intimate University: Korean American Students and the Problems of Segregation
Authors: Thorkelson Eli
Published: August 2013

Nancy Abelmann (2009) The Intimate University: Korean American Students and the Problems of Segregation

Review by Eli Thorkelson
Continuing medical education as a national strategy to improve access to primary care in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshammary Sami Ayed , Ratnapalan Savithiri , Akturk Zekeriya
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this study was to describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of an educational program in family medicine for general practitioners in Saudi Arabia from 2009 to 2011. A continuing medical education program called Family Medicine Education (FAME) was developed with 7 modules each consisting of 12-14 hours of teaching to be delivered in 3 day blocks, over 45 days. Twenty percent (2,761) of all general practitioners participated in the FAME program. Initial assessment of the program showed significant improvement of knowledge from scores of 49% on a pre-test to 89% on post-tests. FAME program in Saudi Arabia facilitated primary care physicians’ knowledge.
Consecutive five‐year analysis of paternal and maternal gene flow and contributions of gametic heterogeneities to overall genetic composition of dispersed seeds of Pinus densiflora (Pinaceae)
Authors: Iwaizumi Masakazu G. , Takahashi Makoto , Isoda Keiya , Austerlitz Frédéric
Published: August 2013

• Premise of the study: Genetic variability in monoecious woody plant populations results from the assemblage of individuals issued from asymmetrical male and female reproductive functions, produced during spatially and temporarily heterogeneous reproductive and dispersal events. Here we investigated the dispersal patterns and levels of genetic diversity and differentiation of both paternal and maternal gametes in a natural population of Pinus densiflora at the multiple‐year scale as long as five consecutive years.

• Methods: We analyzed the paternity and maternity for 1576 seeds and 454 candidate adult trees using nuclear DNA polymorphisms of diploid biparental embryos and haploid maternal megagametophytes at eight microsatellite loci.

• Key results: Despite the low levels of genetic differentiation among gamete groups, a two‐way AMOVA analysis showed that the parental origin (paternal vs. maternal gametes), the year of gamete production and their interaction had significant effects on the genetic composition of the seeds. While maternal gamete groups showed a significant FST value across the 5 years, this was not true for their paternal counterparts. Within the population, we found that the relative reproductive contributions of the paternal vs. the maternal parent differed among adult trees, the maternal contributions showing a larger year‐to‐year fluctuation.

• Conclusions: The overall genetic variability of dispersed seeds appeared to result from two sources of heterogeneity: the difference between paternal and maternal patterns of reproduction and gamete dispersal and year‐to‐year heterogeneity of reproduction of adult trees, especially in their maternal reproduction.
Wild‐boar disturbance increases nutrient and C stores of geophytes in subalpine grasslands
Authors: Palacio Sara , Bueno C. Guillermo , Azorín José , Maestro Melchor , Gómez‐García Daniel
Published: August 2013

•Premise of the study:Wild‐boar soil disturbance (i.e., rooting) increases the abundance of some species of geophytes (i.e., plants with underground renewal buds) in upland meadows. However, the mechanisms that could lead to such enhanced prevalence remain unexplored.

•Methods:We analyzed the effects of wild‐boar disturbance on the size, nutrient (N, P, K, C, and total ash), and nonstructural carbohydrate (soluble sugars, starch plus fructans, and total nonstructural carbohydrate) content of the storage organs of five taxa of upland geophytes. Results were explored in relation to the nutrient availability (total N, available P, and K) in the soil.

•Key results:Wild‐boar rooting increased the size and the nutrient content of the storage organs of geophytes. Such enhanced storage was further promoted by rooting recurrence and intensity. Although we could not detect a direct impact of rooting on soil nutrient concentrations, plants were clearly N limited and such limitation was ameliorated in areas rooted by wild boar. Furthermore, plant‐soil interactions for N were different in rooted areas, where plant N‐concentrations responded positively to soil N.

•Conclusions:Geophytes growing in rooted areas have an increased nutrient value, which may promote the revisit of wild boars to previously rooted areas, with further positive feed‐back effects on plant quality. This plant‐animal interaction may shape upland geophyte communities.
Evolution of limited seed dispersal ability on gypsum islands
Authors: Schenk John J.
Published: August 2013

• Premise of the Study: Dispersal is a major feature of plant evolution that has many advantages but is not always favored. Wide dispersal, for example, leads to greater seed loss in oceanic‐island endemics, and evolution has favored morphologies that limit dispersal. I tested the hypothesis that selection favored limited dispersal on gypsum islands in western North America, where edaphic communities are sparsely vegetated except for a specialized flora that competes poorly with the surrounding flora.

• Methods: I applied a series of comparative phylogenetic approaches to gypsophilic species of Mentzelia section Bartonia (Loasaceae) to investigate the evolution of limited dispersal function in seed wings, which increase primary dispersal by wind. Through these tests, I determined whether narrowed wings were selected for in gypsophilic species.

• Key Results: Gypsophily was derived four to seven times. Seed area was not significantly correlated with gypsophily or wing area. Wing area was significantly smaller in the derived gypsum endemics, supporting the hypothesis in favor of limited dispersal function. A model‐fitting approach identified two trait optima in wing area, with gypsum endemics having a lower optimum.

• Conclusions: Evolution into novel ecologies influences morphological evolution. Morphological characters have been selected for limited dispersal following evolution onto gypsum islands. Selection for limited dispersal ability has occurred across animals and plants, both in oceanic and terrestrial systems, which suggests that reduced dispersal ability may be a general process: selection favors limited dispersal if the difference in survival between the habitat of the parent and the surrounding area is great enough.
Compétences individuelles et employabilité : essai de clarification de leur articulation
Authors: Loufrani-Fedida Sabrina , Saint-Germes Ève
Published: August 2013

Si l’employabilité est aujourd’hui reconnue comme un objectif majeur de la gestion des ressources humaines (GRH), son opérationnalisation et son intégration aux pratiques demeure un champ de recherche en construction. La gestion des compétences individuelles est l’un des leviers principaux de cette GRH au service de l’employabilité, mais peu de travaux en sciences de gestion intègrent compétences et employabilité dans leur analyse, et, s’ils le font, ce n’est que depuis peu (Van Der Heijde et al., 2006 ; Wittekind et al., 2010 ; Dietrich, 2010 ; Baruel-Bencherqui et al., 2011 ; De Vos et al., 2011 ; Raoult et al., 2011). Cet article vise à investiguer et clarifier les liens entre ces deux concepts clés en GRH, en proposant des éléments de réponse à la question suivante : Comment s’articulent la gestion des compétences individuelles et l’employabilité  ? À partir d’une revue de la littérature sur la gestion des compétences d’une part, l’employabilité d’autre part, puis croisée, nous proposons trois niveaux d’articulation possible. Tout d’abord, l’articulation conceptuelle s’appuie sur le cadre théorique des capacités dynamiques organisationnelles pour faire émerger le « savoir-évoluer » comme une compétence constitutive de l’employabilité. Ensuite, d’un point de vue pratique, l’articulation des compétences individuelles et de l’employabilité passe par les démarches de GPEC, offrant le cadre nécessaire au développement de pratiques adaptées d’évaluation, de formation et de mobilité. Enfin, une articulation critique est proposée à partir d’une discussion de la mise en pratique du partage des responsabilités de la gestion des compétences des individus et de leur employabilité, ainsi que du développement de la communication RH tant du côté employeur que du côté salarié.
De l'entreprise étendue à la « gestion des compétences étendue » : enjeux et pratiques en pôles de compétitivité
Authors: Defélix Christian , Picq Thierry
Published: August 2013

Depuis notamment Williamson et sa typologie caractérisant l’organisation, le marché et le réseau (1975), la recherche a développé de nombreuses analyses du phénomène de « l’entreprise étendue », au travers des travaux sur les réseaux, les chaînes de valeur ou les organisations virtuelles. Au sein de ces travaux, l’attention s’est portée souvent sur les questions de partage des représentations et des connaissances, d’apprentissage et de coordination, mais plus rarement sur les enjeux de gestion des ressources humaines (GRH). Or, l’entreprise étendue et les collaborations inter-organisationnelles ne se font pas qu’au travers des produits ou des contrats commerciaux : elles supposent également une GRH qui dépasse les frontières de l’organisation, et en particulier une gestion permettant de rassembler des compétences jusqu’ici dispersées au sein d’organisations différentes. Le présent article, basé sur une étude qualitative menée au sein d’une dizaine de pôles de compétitivité français, propose une caractérisation de cette gestion des compétences étendue. Il montre en particulier que si la gestion des compétences est encore une sorte de « point aveugle » dans la littérature sur l’entreprise étendue, il est possible d’en proposer une modélisation, permettant d’examiner en particulier la mise en place d’un modèle en émergence, dit des « compétences distribuées ».
Pour une contribution de la théorie de l'activité au changement organisationnel
Authors: Gilbert Patrick , Raulet-Croset Nathalie , Mourey Damien , Triomphe Christine
Published: August 2013

L’article porte sur un changement radical, mis en œuvre à partir d’instrumentations locales consacrées à l’amélioration opérationnelle. Pour analyser ce changement, les auteurs ont mobilisé la théorie de l’activité. L’outil n’est rien hors de l’activité ; tel est l’axiome central de cette théorie qui trouve ses origines dans l’œuvre scientifique de Lev Vygotski (1934/1985). Plus précisément le texte s’appuie sur l’approche proposée par Engeström (1987) qui a appliqué les idées de Vygotski à l’étude de la communication au travail et des interactions entre différents systèmes d’activité. L’application de ce cadre d’analyse montre que ce type de changement, ayant une forte composante artefactuelle et culturelle, peut être analysé en considérant l’interaction entre le système d’activité d’« amélioration opérationnelle », qui porte une intention de changement fondée sur des instruments, et le système d’activité managérial. Il apparaît que le changement au sein de l’organisation se produit à travers des apprentissages situés, liés aux tensions entre systèmes d’activité. La recherche met également en avant le rôle central de l’objet du système d’activité, comme pouvant faire le lien entre la nature à la fois locale et globale du changement organisationnel.
L'évolution d'un réseau social dans une réorganisation : « fluctuat nec mergitur »
Authors: Chanson Guillaume , Edouard Serge
Published: August 2013

Longtemps considérée comme statique, l’analyse des réseaux sociaux tend à s’enrichir en portant davantage sur leur évolution. Dans cette perspective, cette recherche analyse le cas d’une réorganisation (de la structure formelle et de la disposition des bureaux) au sein d’un département d’une SSII française. Cette étude de cas repose sur une collecte de données sur longue période, avant et après la réorganisation, à travers une observation participante et des entretiens. Elle imbrique les évolutions d’organigramme et de réseaux sociaux en tenant compte des statuts hiérarchiques dans l’analyse structurale. Il ressort de l’analyse structurale, d’une part, que le réseau social résiste à cette profonde réorganisation en s’adaptant : il perd ainsi sa connexité, son noyau se rétrécit alors que sa périphérie s’accroît, les sous-groupes de relations réciproques se calent sur les équipes formelles. De l’autre, les positions des acteurs se modifient : alors que les responsables perdent leur position centrale pour se recentrer sur leur équipe, les relations interéquipes sont maintenues par les développeurs.
ICAM-1–Dependent Homotypic Aggregates Regulate CD8 T Cell Effector Function and Differentiation during T Cell Activation
Authors: Zumwalde Nicholas A. , Domae Eisuke , Mescher Matthew F. , Shimizu Yoji
Published: August 2013

A hallmark of T cell activation in vitro and in vivo is the clustering of T cells with each other via interaction of the LFA-1 integrin with ICAM-1. The functional significance of these homotypic aggregates in regulating T cell function remains unknown. We used an APC-free in vitro activation system to demonstrate that stimulation of purified naive CD8 T cells results in enhanced expression of ICAM-1 on T cells that is sustained by the inflammatory cytokine IL-12 and associated with robust T cell aggregates. ICAM-1–deficient CD8 T cells proliferate normally but demonstrate a striking failure to aggregate. Interestingly, loss of ICAM-1 expression results in elevated levels of IFN-γ and granzyme B, as well as enhanced cytotoxicity. Similar results were obtained when anti–LFA-1 Ab was used to block the clustering of wild-type T cells. ICAM-1 ligation is not required for IFN-γ regulation, as clustering of ICAM-1–deficient CD8 T cells with wild-type T cells reduces IFN-γ expression. Analysis using a fluorescent reporter that monitors TCR signal strength indicates that T cell clustering limits T cell exposure to Ag during activation. Furthermore, T cell clustering promotes the upregulation of the CTLA-4 inhibitory receptor and the downregulation of eomesodermin, which controls effector molecule expression. Activation of ICAM-1–deficient CD8 T cells in vivo results in an enhanced percentage of KLRG-1+ T cells indicative of short-lived effectors. These results suggest that T cell clustering represents a mechanism that allows continued proliferation but regulates T cell effector function and differentiation.