bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tools for educators: strategies and ideas for facilitating online group work using project management principles.
Authors: Hanna Dalia
Published: May 2021

Group work can be used as an effective tool to help students learn from each other, build community and engage with the course content. The key to the success of a group is in the planning and understanding of the purpose of the work needed. The Technology Enhanced Collaborative Group Work (TECGW) indicated through their research on group work that the way in which instructors facilitate a group project has a major impact on the success of the group. Many educators incorporate group work in their courses, but they may not provide the necessary support to students working in these groups; consequently, students get discouraged, and may decline working in groups. In the online learning environments, with the elimination of physical presence, it is necessary to bring students simultaneously to collaborate on various activates of the course to enhance their engagement with each other, the content and the instructor. As technology plays a vital role in online environments, instructors need to develop strategies for students could help them in planning, collaborating and communicating, synchronously and asynchronously, effectively within a group.

Project management concepts could effectively be utilized to help in facilitating students' group work. This paper, introduces effective strategies that will help instructors in facilitating group work by providing tools that students could utilize to understand and define their roles in the group. Additionally, the paper will introduce practices in creating group work assignments, supporting students in groups and enhancing communication among students in online environments. The paper provides some practices in using Web 2.0 tools that could facilitate the production of group work, and how these tools could facilitate learning among students working together on face-to-face and online courses.

Keywords: Group Work, Project Management, Collaboration, Online Learning, Technology, Virtual Teams, Instructional Design, Web 2.0, Wikis, Google Drive, Blogs, Assessment, Rubrics.
The Spatial Dimensions of Multi-Criteria Evaluation : Case Study of a Home Buyer’s Spatial Decision Support System
Authors: Rinner Claus , Heppleston Aaron
Published: May 2021

This paper explores the spatial aspects of GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation. We provide a systematic account of geographically defined decision criteria based on three classes of spatial relations: location, proximity, and direction. We also discuss whether the evaluation score of a decision alternative should be directly influenced by neighbouring scores and outline a methodology for distance-based adjustment of evaluation scores. A home buyer case study is employed to demonstrate how spatial criteria can be included in a spatial decision support system and to investigate the effect of geographically adjusting the evaluation scores of decision alternatives. The case study demonstrates how spatial criteria can be presented to decision-makers and their effects be observed in the decision outcome. Further, the spatial adjustment of evaluation scores using the performance of neighbouring properties smoothes the distribution of scores across the study area and allows decision-makers to consider a location’s environment. Keywords: Multi-Criteria Evaluation, Residential Real-Estate Choice, Spatial Decision Support Systems, Spatial Relations.  
The Provision of Services to New Immigrants in Canada: Characteristics of Government-Non-profit Partnerships
Authors: Meinhard Agnes , Lo Lucia , Hyman Ilene
Published: May 2021

Canada is one of a number of countries (e.g. Netherlands, Belgium, France, Germany and Ireland) in which the provision of social services is considered to be a partnership between government and nonprofit service providers, with government providing the money and the nonprofit organizations (NPOs) delivering the service. However, the Canadian model incorporates two significant features of the Anglo-Saxon model, as practiced in Great Britain, United States and Australia. First, many Canadian social service NPOs receive additional philanthropic support, some even relying exclusively on philanthropy; and second, many social service NPOs benefit from a large volunteer presence (Hall, Barr, Easwaramoorthy, Wojciech & Salamon, 2005).Overall, the social service sector receives 66% of their revenues from government sources - mostly from provincial governments (Barr et al., 2005).

Keywords: CVSS, Centre for Voluntary Sector Studies, Working Paper Series,TRSM, Ted Rogers School of Management

Citation:
The "ugly" TTC subway map (and how it ruins your mood and movement in the city) : a case study and redesign
Authors: Liu Joanna Sida
Published: May 2021

The TTC subway was built in 1949 to resolve the traffic issues of that era, issues that have only since intensified. At the time, any underground transportation system was an impressive accomplishment in design, engineering, construction, and city planning. Today, those same accomplishments—left to stagnate, age, and become overburdened—have become outdated and—measured against contemporary designs—sometimes even ridiculed. As the TTC continues trying to expand its infrastructure to meet the demands of a growing urban population, its progress leaves much to be desired—past decisions made without the foresight of urbanization, globalization, and technological innovation are being revealed to be inadequate. What we are left with is a face lift and hair extensions for a transit system that actually needs a brain transplant and genetic modification. But while this Major Research Project acknowledges the infrastructural inadequacies of Toronto’s TTC metro system, the focus here will specifically be on the TTC’s transit maps, branding, and graphic design which itself, I will argue, has not aged gracefully and is in serious need of an update—one that responds to and satisfies the needs of today’s mobile, increasingly design-savvy, and digitally connected citizens.

Keywords: subway, map, representation, branding, wayfinding
Do large employers treat racial minorities more fairly? A new analysis of Canadian field experiment data
Authors: Banerjee Rupa , Reitz Jeffrey G. , Oreopoulos Phil
Published: May 2021

Analysis of amended data from a large-scale Canadian employment audit study (Oreopoulos 2011) shows that large employers with over 500 employees discriminate against applicants with Asian (Chinese, Indian or Pakistani) names in the decision to call for an interview, about half as often as smaller employers. The audit involved submission of nearly 13,000 computer-generated resumes to a sample of 3,225 jobs offered online in Toronto and Montreal in 2008 and 2009 for which university-trained applicants were requested by email submission. An organization-size difference in employer response to Asian names on the resume exists when the Asian-named applicant has all Canadian qualifications (20% disadvantage for large employers, almost 40% disadvantage for small employers) and when they have some or all foreign qualifications (35% disadvantage for large employers, over 60% disadvantage for small employers). Discrimination in smaller organizations is most pronounced in considering applicants for jobs at the highest skill levels. As well, whereas the Asian-name disadvantage is overcome in large organizations when the applicant has an additional Canadian master’s degree, this is not the case in smaller organizations. It is suggested that large organizations discriminate less frequently because they have more resources devoted to recruitment, a more professionalized human resources recruitment process, and greater experience with a diverse staff complement. Experimentation with anonymized resume review may be an inexpensive way that organizations can test their own hiring procedures for discrimination.
Continuing education for primary health care nurse practitioners in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Baxter Pamela , DiCenso Alba , Donald Faith , Martin-Misener Ruth , Opsteen Joanne , Chambers Tracey
Published: May 2021

The Council of Ontario University Programs in Nursing offers a nine-university, consortium-based primary health care nurse practitioner education program and on-line continuing education courses for primary health care nurse practitioners. Our study sought to determine the continuing education needs of primary health care nurse practitioners across Ontario, how best to meet these needs, and the barriers they face in completing continuing education. Surveys were completed by 83 (40%) of 209 learners who had participated in continuing education offered by the Council of Ontario University Programs in Nursing between 2004 and 2007. While 83% (n = 50) of nurse practitioners surveyed indicated that continuing education was extremely important to them, they also identified barriers to engaging in continuing education offerings including; time intensity of the courses, difficulty taking time off work, family obligations, finances and fatigue. The most common reason for withdrawal from a continuing education offering was the difficulty of balancing work and study demands. Continuing education opportunities are important to Ontario primary health care nurse practitioners, and on-line continuing education offerings have been well received, but in order to be taken up by their target audience they must be relevant, readily accessible, flexible, affordable and offered over brief, intense periods of time using technology that is easy to use and Internet sites that are easily navigated.
What are essential elements of valid research: The problem of 'data' and their collection in cross-cultural contexts
Authors: Bernhard Judith K.
Published: May 2021

Professor Judith Bernhard teaches in the School of Early Childhood Education at Ryerson University. She draws on her own experience of research in the field of transnational families to illustrate the challenges of collecting data that can inform practice in the field. She begins by outlining her own personal history as an immigrant and an academic. The difficulties of attempting to be both an advocate for families and a scholarly investigator touch her personally. She uses two cases to illustrate some of these difficulties. The first is the case of divergent perspectives on the role of a parent in the case of a young adolescent whose family had come to Canada from El Salvador. The girl’s teacher and her family differed in their views on her rights and responsibilities, based on their cultural values. Dr. Bernhard describes how these different views were also represented among the members of the research team. Her own roots in South America gave her an understanding of the family’s position, while her academic training allowed her to sympathize with the teacher’s purposes. The team wrote a report that did not fully reflect the tension between the cultures; however, Dr. Bernhard concludes that researchers need to be more mindful of their own professional training and acculturation as important markers to consider in the research process. The second case she presents raises the difficulties she encountered using interviews to investigate the lived experience of refugee Somali mothers. The first interviewer, although an experienced researcher with immigrant roots, proved unacceptable to the Somali families, mostly because he was male. The next person chosen came from the Somali community and was trained by the researchers to obtain informed consent and conduct standard interviews. Dr. Bernhard describes how cultural perceptions and norms made it impossible to use these standardized approaches with the population under investigation, meaning that no credible research paper on the findings could be published. This in turn meant that information about the families’ situation and views would not reach professionals and policy makers whose decisions influence the families’ lives. Dr. Bernhard encourages the research community to reflect on how to take cultural issues into consideration when deciding what is meant by significant “data” and the best methods for collecting them.
Bedrooms in the sky : is Toronto building the right condo supply?
Authors: Burda Cherise , Haines Graham , Hildebrand Shaun
Published: May 2021

A report by the Ryerson City Building Institute and Urbanation examines condos under development in the GTA to understand how well the incoming supply will accommodate the region’s housing affordability challenges and changing demographics.
Enlargement and Eurozone: Convergence or Divergence
Authors: Koukouritakis Minoas , Michelis Leo
Published: May 2021

This paper investigates empirically the extent to which the ten new countries of the recent EU enlargement are ready to join the European Monetary Union (EMU). We assess the prospects of successful accession into the EMU using cointegration and commontrends analysis on the nominal convergence criteria specified by the Maastricht Treaty as well as on real exchange rates and real per capita GDPs. The empirical results indicatethat the enlargement countries are partially ready to join the Eurozone, and need further adjustments in their government policies to be fully prepared for joining the EMU. 
From Canada 2.0 to a Digital Nation
Authors: Middleton Catherine A.
Published: May 2021

This is the text of Catherine Middleton's Big Thinking Lecture to Canada's Federal parliamentarians.
Bilateralism, multilateralism, and the quest for global free trade
Authors: Saggi Kamal , Yildiz Halis
Published: May 2021

We develop an equilibrium theory of trade agreements in which both the degree and the nature (bilateral or multilateral) of trade liberalization are endogenously determined. To determine whether and how bilateralism matters, we also analyze a scenario where countries pursue trade liberalization on only a multilateral basis. We find that when countries have asymmetric endowments or when governments value producer interests more than tariff revenue and consumer surplus, there exist circumstances where global free trade is a stable equilibrium only if countries are free to pursue bilateral trade agreements. By contrast, under symmetry, both bilateralism and multilateralism yield global free trade.
Philosophy and Interracial Dialogue
Authors: Murray Robert
Published: May 2021

[para. 1]: "That race has been an important factor in the life chances of people in North America is plain. In the past the dominant racial groups in Canada and the United States systematically controlled the important social institutions to the disadvantage of racial minorities. This is evident from the direct or indirect roles that colonization, slavery, racial segregation, selective protection of the law, selective employment, selective educational opportunities, selective political opportunities, and the like played in the history of North America. Such marginalizing practices were widely supported, sometimes even by unions, women’s groups, or supreme courts that helped the otherwise disadvantaged.1As well, the dominant racial groups controlled the historical, cultural, and national narratives to the disadvantage of racial minorities. From the perspective of the dominant race, racial privilege and marginalization were either accepted as brute facts or rationalized by ideologies that construed racial minorities as diminished forms of humanity on grounds of their biology or culture. Such social norms provided a racialized context in which dominant narratives ascribed possibilities, capabilities, and degrees of moral worth on the basis of race. As a matter of historical fact, despite living under constitutions derived from universal, egalitarian principles taken to be self-evident truths, the life chances of members of racial minorities were diminished by interlocking barriers of discrimination systematically formed by the dominant racial group. At the same time, members of the dominant racial group were privileged to varying degrees because they did not face the discriminatory barriers faced by members of racial minorities and because group advantages accumulate over generations and automatically advantage their new members. On account of their different experiences, the privileged racial groups and the marginalized racial groups in Canada and the United States developed conflicting perspectives on the workings and fairness of the nations in which they now struggle to live under shared citizenship."
Should the Internet Be Everywhere? Perspectives on Ubiquitous Internet Access
Authors: Ritter Teresa , Powell Alison , Middleton Catherine A.
Published: May 2021

The AOIR 5.0 call for papers asks, “Is the internet everywhere?” This paper poses complementary questions: “Should the internet be everywhere?”, and if the internet should be ubiquitous, what should it look like? Drawing from Canadian focus group data, the paper explores experienced internet users’ opinions and attitudes about the value of the internet, demonstrating that despite its widely recognized benefits, many people embrace the internet somewhat reluctantly. The paper identifies four types of internet users who dynamically engage with the technology in different ways. Each type of user bears a set of distinguishing characteristics, which are drawn from analysis of internet users’ discussions about their activities on the internet, and their attitudes toward it. This paper considers how (or whether) ubiquitous internet access could be of benefit to each type of user, concluding that ubiquitous internet access is not yet expected to be in great demand by all types of internet users.
Partially observable Markov Decision Process to prioritize software defects
Authors: Akbarinasaji Shirin
Published: May 2021

Background: Bug tracking systems receive many bug reports daily. Although the software quality team aims to identify and resolve these bugs, they are never able to fix all of the reported bugs in the issue tracking system before the release deadline. However, postponing the bug fixing may have some consequences. Prioritization of bug reports will help the software manager decide which bugs to fix and which bugs to postpone. Typically, bug reports are prioritized based on the severity, priority, time and effort for fixing, customer pressure, etc.

Aim: Previous studies have shown that these factors may not be appropriate for prioritization. Therefore, relying on them to automate bug prioritization might be misleading. In this dissertation, we aim to prioritize bug reports with respect to the consequence of not fixing the bugs in terms of their relative importance in the issue tracking system.

Method: In order to measure the relative importance of bugs in the issue tracking system, we propose the construction of a dependency graph based on the reported dependency-blocking information in the issue tracking system. Two metrics, namely depth and degree, are used to measure the relative importance of the bugs. However, there is uncertainty in the dependency graph structure as the dependency information is discovered manually and gradually. Owing to this uncertainty, prioritization of bugs in the descending order of depth and degree may be misleading. To handle the uncertainty, we propose a novel approach of a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) and partially observable Monte Carlo planning (POMCP).

Result: To check the feasibility of the proposed approach, we analyzed seven years of data from an open source project, Firefox, and a commercial project. We compared the proposed policy with the developer policy, maximum policy, and random policy.

Conclusion: The results suggest that software practitioners do not consider the relative importance of bugs in their current practice. The proposed framework can be combined with practitioners’ expertise to prioritize bugs more effectively and take the depth and degree of bugs into account. In practice, the POMDP framework with the POMCP planner can help
practitioners sequentially select bugs to minimize the connectivity of the dependency graph.
Can Assembly Performance and Work Environment be Jointly Optimized? An Example Discreet Event Simulation Study
Authors: Neumann Patrick , Medbo P
Published: May 2021

Can Assembly Performance and Work Environment be Jointly Optimized? An Example Discreet Event Simulation Study
Learning from the Netcom trial: implications for the deployment of residential broadband networks
Authors: Middleton Catherine A.
Published: May 2021

Network providers and users have very different views as to how residential broadband networks should be developed. Network providers want to broadcast content to users, but users are interested in developing their own content and in
establishing connectivity among peers. This paper discusses the implications of these findings.
Cancer risks in a population-based study of 70,570 agricultural workers: results from the Canadian census health and Environment cohort (CanCHEC)
Authors: Kachuri Linda , Harris M. Anne , MacLeod Jill S. , Tjepkema Michael , Peters Paul A. , Demers Paul A.
Published: May 2021

Background
Agricultural workers may be exposed to potential carcinogens including pesticides, sensitizing agents and solar radiation. Previous studies indicate increased risks of hematopoietic cancers and decreased risks at other sites, possibly due to differences in lifestyle or risk behaviours. We present findings from CanCHEC (Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort), the largest national population-based cohort of agricultural workers.
Methods
Statistics Canada created the cohort using deterministic and probabilistic linkage of the 1991 Canadian Long Form Census to National Cancer Registry records for 1992–2010. Self-reported occupations were coded using the Standard Occupational Classification (1991) system. Analyses were restricted to employed persons aged 25–74 years at baseline (N = 2,051,315), with follow-up until December 31, 2010. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were modeled using Cox proportional hazards for all workers in agricultural occupations (n = 70,570; 70.8% male), stratified by sex, and adjusted for age at cohort entry, province of residence, and highest level of education.
Results
A total of 9515 incident cancer cases (7295 in males) occurred in agricultural workers. Among men, increased risks were observed for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (HR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.00–1.21), prostate (HR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.06–1.16), melanoma (HR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.02–1.31), and lip cancer (HR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.70–2.70). Decreased risks in males were observed for lung, larynx, and liver cancers. Among female agricultural workers there was an increased risk of pancreatic cancer (HR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.07–1.72). Increased risks of melanoma (HR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.17–2.73), leukemia (HR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.24–3.25) and multiple myeloma (HR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.16–4.37) were observed in a subset of female crop farmers.
Conclusions
Exposure to pesticides may have contributed to increased risks of hematopoietic cancers, while increased risks of lip cancer and melanoma may be attributed to sun exposure. The array of decreased risks suggests reduced smoking and alcohol consumption in this occupational group compared to the general population.
GLOBURBIA: Suburban place-making amidst diversity
Authors: Zhuang Zhixi Cecilia
Published: May 2021

Toronto, with half of its population born outside of Canada and speaking more than 140 languages, is well known
as one of the most multicultural cities in the world. Its ethno-cultural diversity is often manifested in urban
landscapes with long-lasting imprints of ethnic-oriented facilities and institutions. With increasing
suburbanization of immigrant populations, ethnic neighbourhoods have speckled the suburban landscapes. The
stereotypically homogeneous suburban landscapes have been transformed by ethnic communities who bring new
identities and new meanings to the space. What has become imperative for suburban municipalities to understand
is how these ethnic neighbourhoods have emerged and evolved, how ethnic communities have played a role in
suburban place-making, and more importantly, what municipal planning interventions (e.g., planning policies and
processes) are appropriate and effective to enhance the advantages of urban diversity and manage unprecedented
social, cultural, economic, physical, and political changes that challenge conventional suburban planning. This
documentary explores the increasing diversity in Toronto’s suburbs and the place-making challenges and
opportunities. The research was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
To link to this documentary: https://youtu.be/ODBnO0v_hpk
International Symposium on Corporate Strategy, Production System Design, and Musculoskeletal Health
Authors: Neumann Patrick , Winkel Jorgen
Published: May 2021

The objective of this work is to develop better understandings of the current trends in corporate strategy and production system design and the consequences these trends can have for the musculoskeletal health of production system operators.
Performance of Variable Flow Rates for Photovoltaic-Thermal Collectors and the Determination of Optimal Flow Rates
Authors: Dembeck-Kerekes Tamo , Fine Jamie P. , Friedman Jacob , Dworkin Seth , McArthur Jennifer
Published: May 2021

A quasi-steady state model has been developed to asses of the potential of variable flow strategies to improve the overall thermal efficiency of Photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collectors. An adaption of the Duffie-Beckman method is used to simulate the PVT, in which the overall loss coefficient and heat removal factor are updated at each timestep in response to changes in flow rate and ambient conditions. A novel calculation engine was also developed to simulate a building heating loop connected to the solar loop via a counterflow heat exchanger that calculates the steady-state conditions for the system at each timestep. The results from PVT simulation are in good agreement with test data obtained from the solar simulator –environmental chamber facility at Concordia University. Further validation for the overall system was carried out via a parallel simulation run in TRNSYS and the model-predicted annual solar heat gains were within 3.6%. The results of the investigation show that a variable flow rate strategy has significant potential to improve thermal efficiency. This benefit was found to be dependent on ambient and process loop conditions, and most effective for systems with greater difference between heating process supply and return temperatures.
Keywords: Photovoltaic-thermal; Solar Thermal; Flow Rate Optimization; variable flow
Open Access Broadband Networks in Alberta, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Given Jock , Middleton Catherine A.
Published: May 2021

In policy debates about the appropriate regulation of next generation fibre access networks, a good deal of attention has been paid to various forms of ‘separation’ between network, wholesale and retail operations. This discussion is no longer theoretical, because ‘open access’ next generation networks are now operating or being constructed. This paper investigates four different models around the world, each at different stages of deployment: - Alberta, Canada, where a commercial company Axia has been operating the province-wide ‘SuperNet’ since 2005. This is an optic fibre network connecting 4700 sites (provincial government and municipality offices, health and education sites, libraries) in 27 urban and 402 rural communities. Axia is the government’s service provider across the whole network and the wholesaler of capacity to retail providers in the rural communities. - Singapore, where a network is under construction taking fibre to 1.12 million residential premises and 152,000 other premises. Separate companies are building the physical infrastructure (‘Net Co’) and installing the electronics and network termination devices in customer premises and operating the network (‘Op Co’). - Australia, where a national FTTP network is being built to reach 93% of households and businesses. Wireless will be used to deliver download speeds of at least 12 Mbps to the other 7%. Around 200,000 households will get FTTP in Tasmania, where services commenced in mid-2010. - New Zealand, where the national government has promised ‘superfast broadband’ within six years to all businesses, schools and health services, greenfields developments and some residential users, and to 75% of the population within ten years. Drawing on interviews conducted in the four territories in 2009 and 2010, the paper will investigate the common, contrasting and unique features of these four models.
Interactions of Population, Health, and Place in a Spatially Explicit Heat Vulnerability Assessment
Authors: Rinner Claus
Published: May 2021

[para. 1]: “The greatest potential of geospatial data and modeling in health research, in my opinion, lies in the integration of disparate datasets from within and outside the health realm, as well as in the visual power of maps. The ability of geographic information systems (GIS) to integrate data through their geographic references and the persuasiveness of the graphical presentation of research results to decision-makers have been documented extensively in the GIScience literature. The exponential increase of open-access base maps, online mapping APIs, and interactive geovisualization tools has opened the door to ever more users and uses of geospatial data and modeling.”
Parametric Analysis of Ultrasound Backscatter Signals for Monitoring Cancer Cell Structural Changes During Cancer Treatment
Authors: Nallapareddy Harshitha , Krishnan Sridhar , Kolios Michael
Published: May 2021

High frequency ultrasound backscattered signals (20 - 60 MHz) from normal and apoptotic cell pellets differ in their backscatter intensity, and analyzing these signals could assist in the non-invasive monitoring of cancer therapy. In this work, the reflection coefficients of the lattice prediction error filter are used as feature set for parametric analysis and signal classification. The ultrasound (US) backscattered signal databases consisted of combinations of treated (apoptotic) and untreated (normal) cells mixed in different proportions. A 40 MHz commercial ultrasound imaging system was used. A classification accuracy of 97-100% for normal and apoptotic signals were obtained with a model order 15. The positive results ascertain that the reflection coefficient is a potential tool for analyzing biomedical signals such as US backscattered signals
The effects of Mitogenic and Metabolic cues on clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Authors: Delos Santos Ralph Christian
Published: May 2021

The cell ‘surfaceome’ collectively describes proteins found on the plasma membrane (PM), which functions in fundamental cellular processes including growth and proliferation. The surfaceome undergoes dynamic remodeling via the addition/removal of surface proteins in response to changing environmental conditions. In mammalian cells, surfaceome remodeling is predominantly facilitated by clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) which involves the invagination and internalization of PM regions via clathrin-coated structures—removing proteins from the cell surface. As a major regulator of the surfaceome, it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms governing CME, given that its dysregulation has been implicated in human pathologies including neurologic and oncogenic disorders. Cellular cues including mitogenic (e.g. growth factors) and metabolic signals (e.g. cellular energy levels) induce diverse cellular processes (e.g. growth and proliferation) requiring surfaceome/PM remodeling. Precisely how mitogenic and metabolic signals may induce surfaceome remodeling however, is under-examined. As a major regulator of the surfaceome, CME is a likely mechanism through which cellular cues may remodel the PM. Poorly understood, I thus sought to investigate how mitogenic and metabolic signals may regulate CME. Mitogenic signaling by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) triggers PLCγ1-calcium signals, which I found a requirement for CME of EGFR—likely via calcium control of the Sjn1 protein. Consistently, using TIRF-M imaging coupled to automated software analysis, I demonstrate that inhibition of PLCγ1-calcium signals impairs the formation/assembly of GFR-containing clathrin structures. In addition, I hypothesize that PLCγ1-calcium signals also regulates the CME of other surface proteins given its robust control of Sjn1—which localizes broadly amongst clathrin-coated structures. AMPK is a cellular energy sensor activated by metabolic stress (e.g. starvation). Using TIRF-M imaging coupled to automated software analysis, I found that AMPK activation broadly reduces the formation/assembly of bona fide clathrin-coated pits, without impairing the internalization rates of CME cargoes (e.g. EGFR, TfR and β1-integrin). Furthermore, I found that AMPK may regulate CME throughcontrol of the Arf6 protein. Collectively, my findings uncover and provide novel mechanisms by which mitogenic (via EGFR-induced calcium signals) and metabolic signals (via AMPK control of Arf6) may induce regulation of CME—in eliciting global reorganization of the plasma membrane. 1,2,11–13,3–10
Panel Title: Municipal Wireless Networks: Hot Spots for Mobile Business or Just Hot Air?
Authors: Middleton Catherine A.
Published: May 2021

All the panelists are members of the Community Wireless Infrastructure Research Project (CWIRP) team (www.cwirp.ca). CWIRP is funded by Infrastructure Canada, to investigate the development and deployment of public ICT infrastructures. The project focuses on municipal and community wireless network initiatives.
Institutional repository statistics: reliable, consistent approaches for Canada
Authors: Roy Will , Cameron Brian D. , Ribaric Tim
Published: May 2021

Introduction:

“Usage metrics are an effective way for libraries to demonstrate the value of their institutional repositories, however, existing tools are not always reliable and can either undercount or overcount file downloads. As well, although statistics can sometimes be accessed through the various repository interfaces, without an agreed standard it is impossible to reliably assess and compare usage data across different IRs in any meaningful way.”[1]

The Task Group for Standards for IR Usage Data has undertaken an information-gathering exercise to better understand both the existing practices of Canadian repositories, as well as the emerging tools and processes available for repositories to track and monitor usage more effectively. This exercise directly links to the broader goals of the Open Repositories Working Group, which are to “strengthen and add value to the network of Canadian open access repositories by collaborating more closely and adopting a broader range of services.”[2]

Our recommended course of action is for all Canadian IRs to collectively adopt OpenAIREStatistics. This path aligns with the following recommendations which our group also advances:

Recommendations:

We suggest the following Mandatory (M) and Optional (O) recommendations:

R1(M):All Canadian IRs should adopt the COUNTER Code of Practice.
R2(M): All Canadian IRs should select a service that allows for interoperability with other web services via a fully open, or accessible, permissions-based API.
R3(M): All Canadian IRs should usea statistics service that practices transparent communication and maintains a governance strategy. In addition, we strongly urge for the future that Canadian IRs consider the following advice.
R4(O): Make further investments into understanding and utilizing the common log format (CLF).
R5(O): Conduct research into the privacy implications of collecting use statistics via third party services with commercial interests and consider available alternatives.
R6(O): Practice a healthy skepticism towards tools and solutions that promise “increased” usage statistics, and instead advocate for responsible collection assessment based on multiple aspects of use.
An axiomatic theory of engineering design information
Authors: Salustri Filippo A. , Venter R. D.
Published: May 2021

Recent research in design theory has sought to formalize the engineering design process without particular concern
for the paradigm used to model design information. The authors propose that no correct formalization of the design
process can be achieved without first formalizing the semantics of the information used in the process. To this end, the
authors present a new formal theory of design information. The theory, called the Hybrid Model, is an extended form
of axiomatic set theory, and relies on it for consistency and logical rigor. The theory is stated as a collection of axioms,
using a standard logic notation. Design entities are modeled by formal units called objects. Generalized functions and
relations are used to formalize important ordering schemes and abstraction mechanisms relevant to design, including
classification by structure and by function, aggregation, specialization and generalization. The hybrid model is meant
not only to aid in the study of the design process itself, but also to improve communications between designers, assist
standardization of design specifications, and develop new, powerful software tools to aid the designer in his work.
Beyond broadband access: what do we need to measure and how do we measure it?
Authors: Middleton Catherine A.
Published: May 2021

Presentation on broadband use and information society outcomes (impacts).
Le rêve inachevé d’étudier et de socialiser en français en toute sécurité linguistique : les perspectives d’étudiants franco-ontariens
Authors: Jean-Pierre Johanne
Published: May 2021

Suivant une démarche interprétative, cet article examine les perspectives d’étudiants franco-ontariens rapportées lors d’une étude qualitative exploratoire. Des entretiens semi-structurés séquentiels menés en profondeur ont été effectués à Ottawa et à Toronto entre janvier et juin 2014 auprès de 18 étudiants franco-ontariens. Les résultats indiquent que les participants franco-ontariens qui fréquentent desétablissements postsecondaires à vocation bilingue souhaitent à la fois une amélioration de l’accès aux études en français et de la qualité de la langue d’instruction ainsi que de meilleures possibilités de socialiser en français. Les participants qui fréquentent des établissements à vocation française ont affirmé être satisfaits de leur expérience d’apprentissage, tandis que ceux inscrits dans des établissements à vocation anglaise ont déploré un sentiment d’isolement linguistique. De plus, le manque d’occasions pour socialiser en français et inclure des réalités franco-ontariennes dans les curriculums, ainsi que les incidents d’intimidation linguistique alimentent l’insécurité linguistique. 
Microfluidic conformal coating of non-spherical magnetic particles
Authors: Moon Byeong-Ui , Hakimi Navid , Hwang Dae Kun , Tsai Scott
Published: May 2021

We present the conformal coating of non-spherical magnetic particles in a co-laminar flow microfluidic system. Whereas in the previous reports spherical particles had been coated with thin films that formed spheres around the particles; in this article, we show the coating of non-spherical particles with coating layers that are approximately uniform in thickness. The novelty of our work is that while liquid-liquid interfacial tension tends to minimize the surface area of interfaces—for example, to form spherical droplets that encapsulate spherical particles—in our experiments, the thin film that coats non-spherical particles has a non-minimal interfacial area. We first make bullet-shaped magnetic microparticles using a stop-flow lithography method that was previously demonstrated. We then suspend the bullet-shaped microparticles in an aqueous solution and flow the particle suspension with a co-flow of a non-aqueous mixture. A magnetic field gradient from a permanent magnet pulls the microparticles in the transverse direction to the fluid flow, until the particles reach the interface between the immiscible fluids. We observe that upon crossing the oil-water interface, the microparticles become coated by a thin film of the aqueous fluid. When we increase the two-fluid interfacial tension by reducing surfactant concentration, we observe that the particles become trapped at the interface, and we use this observation to extract an approximate magnetic susceptibility of the manufactured non-spherical microparticles. Finally, using fluorescence imaging, we confirm the uniformity of the thin film coating along the entire curved surface of the bullet-shaped particles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of conformal coating of non-spherical particles using microfluidics.
‘Mapping Migrancies’: A discursive mapping approach to analyse lived experiences of skilled migration infrastructures
Authors: Khan Marina
Published: May 2021

The recent ‘infrastructural turn’ in migration studies has provided valuable insights into the emergence and functions of different aspects of migration infrastructure such as the commercial migration industry, social networks, and technological innovations (Xiang and Lindquist 2014). The focus of current scholarship, however, has been on how these infrastructures mobilise migrants, predominantly across irregular migration pathways. There remains a gap in exploring infrastructures of formal migration, and their entanglements with migrants’ own subjectivities. This paper reports on a research project that explores this gap by arguing for a new research agenda on migration infrastructure. The study uses a ‘discursive mapping’ approach involving in-depth interviews and mind-maps sketched by 27 research participants based in Australia and Canada as they narrated their migration experience. This paper draws upon the experiences of three migrants to illuminate how their journeys are intertwined with and shaped by migration infrastructures - particularly media and regulatory processes. By (re)centring the infrastructural focus on migrants’ own agencies, desires, and life-courses, this study presents nuanced understandings of the lived experience of skilled migration infrastructures.
South Asian Heart Risk Assessment (SAHARA): Randomized Controlled Trial Design and Pilot Study
Authors: Samaan Zainab , Schulze Karleen M , Middleton Catherine A. , Irvine Jane , Joseph Phillip , Mente Andrew , Shah Baiju R , Pare Guillaume , Desai Dipika , Anand Sonia S.
Published: May 2021

Background: People of South Asian origin suffer a high burden of premature myocardial infarction (MI). South Asians form a growing proportion of the Canadian population and preventive strategies to mitigate the risk of MI in this group are needed. Prior studies have shown that multimedia interventions are effective and feasible in inducing health behavior changes among the obese, smokers, and among those who are sedentary. 

Objective: Among at-risk South Asians living in Canada, our objectives are to determine: (1) the feasibility of a culturally tailored multimedia intervention to induce positive behavioral changes associated with reduced MI risk factors, and (2) the effectiveness and acceptability of information communicated by individualized MI and genetic risk score (GRS) reports. 

Methods: The South Asian HeArt Risk Assessment (SAHARA) pilot study enrolled 367 individuals of South Asian origin recruited from places of worship and community centers in Ontario, Canada. MI risk factors including the 9p21 genetic variant status were provided to all participants after the baseline visit. Participants were randomly allocated to receive a multimedia intervention or control. The intervention group selected health goals and received personalized health messages to promote adherence to their selected goals. After 6 months, all participants had their MI risk factors repeated. The methods and results of this study are reported based on the CONSORT-EHEALTH guidelines. 

Results: The mean age of participants was 53.8 years (SD 11.4), 52.0% (191/367) were women, and 97.5% (358/367) were immigrants to Canada. The mean INTERHEART risk score was 13.0 (SD 5.8) and 73.3% (269/367) had one or two copies of the risk allele for the 9p21 genetic variant. Both the intervention and control groups made some progress in health behavior changes related to diet and physical activity over 6 months. Participants reported that their risk score reports motivated behavioral changes, although half of the participants could not recall their risk scores at the end of study evaluation. Some components of the multimedia intervention were not widely used such as logging onto the website to set new health goals, and participants requested having more personal interactions with the study team.
On behavioral Arrow Pratt risk process with applications to risk pricing, stochastic cash flows, and risk control
Authors: Cadogan Godfrey
Published: May 2021

We introduce a closed form behavioural stochastic Arrow-Pratt risk process, decomposed into discrete asymmetric risk seeking and risk averse components that run on different local times in ϵ-disks centered at risk free states. Additionally, we embed Arrow-Pratt (“AP”) risk measure in a simple dynamic system of discounted cash flows with constant volatility, and time varying drift. Signal extraction of Arrow-Pratt risk measure shows that it is highly nonlinear in constant volatility for cash flows. Robust identifying restrictions on the system solution confirm that even for small time periods constant volatility is not a measure of AP risk. By contrast, time-varying volatility measures aspects of embedded AP risk. Whereupon maximal AP risk measure is obtained from a convolution of input volatility and idiosyncratic shocks to the system. We provide four applications for our theory. First, we find that Engle, Ng and Rothschild (1990) Factor-ARCH model for risk premia is misspecified because the factor price of risk is time varying and unstable. Our theory predicts that a hyper-ARCH correction factor is required to remove the Factor-ARCH specification. Second, when applied to analysts beliefs about interest rates and volatility, we find that AP risk measure is a feedback control over stochastic cash flows. Whereupon increased risk aversion to negative shocks to earnings increases volatility. Third, we use an oft cited example of Benes, Shepp and Witsenhausen (1980) to characterize a controlled AP diffusion for a conservative investor who wants to minimize the AP risk process for an asset. Fourth, we recover stochastic differential utility functional from the AP risk process and show how it is functionally equivalent to Duffie and Epstein’s (1992) parametrization.
ICT Infrastructure as Public Infrastructure – Connecting Communities to the Knowledge-based Economy & Society
Authors: Middleton Catherine A.
Published: May 2021

This report provides a summary of findings from the Community Wireless Infrastructure Research Project. This research investigated the development of public broadband infrastructure, and was conducted from April 2006 to March 2008 by a team of researchers from Ryerson University, York University and the University of Toronto.The specific questions that guided our research were as follows:• What is the rationale for publicly-owned and/or controlled ICT infrastructure?• What examples of public ICT infrastructure exist in Canada today?• What are the different models and best practices of public ICT infrastructure in terms of deployment, technology choice and innovation, investment, governance, adoption and use?• What are the public benefits of community-based/public ICT infrastructure provision?• What public policies and supports are necessary to promote and sustain public ICT infrastructure?We addressed these questions through case study work with our research partners (The City of Fredericton, Île Sans Fil in Montreal, K-Net and the Lac Seul Wireless Network in North Western Ontario, and Wireless Nomad in Toronto), as well as through extensive study of the broader context for public ICT infrastructure development.