bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The histopathological spectrum of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) and its differentiation from generalized pustular psoriasis
Authors: Kardaun Sylvia H. , Kuiper Hilde , Fidler Vaclav , Jonkman Marcel F.
Published: August 2010

Background: Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) represents a severe, acute, pustular skin reaction that is most often induced by drugs. AGEP can be difficult to differentiate from generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) both clinically and histopathologically. We present a systematic description of the histopathological spectrum of AGEP and GPP with a focus on discriminating features.

Materials and methods: A retrospective, descriptive, comparative histopathological study was completed utilizing step sections of 43 biopsies of 29 cases with a validated diagnosis of probable or definite AGEP and 24 biopsies of 19 cases with an established diagnosis of GPP.

Results: In AGEP, biopsies from erythema and pustules showed minor differences, whereas histopathology of the acute stage of GPP showed major differences compared to the chronic stage. Comparing AGEP and GPP, the presence of eosinophils, necrotic keratinocytes, a mixed interstitial and mid‐dermal perivascular infiltrate and absence of tortuous or dilated blood vessels were in favor of AGEP. Moreover, chronic GPP was characterized by prominent epidermal psoriatic changes. The frequency of a psoriatic background of AGEP patients in our study was higher than that of psoriasis in the general population. However, histopathology of a subgroup of AGEP patients with a personal history of psoriasis revealed no significant differences from the other AGEP patients.

Conclusions: The spectrum of histopathological features of both AGEP and GPP is presented. Despite considerable overlap, subtle consistent histopathological differences and the grade of severity of specific features can help in differentiation. We could neither substantiate earlier reports that follicular pustules exclude AGEP nor did we see vasculitis as a specific feature in AGEP. Our study also supports the concept that AGEP is a separate entity that is distinct from GPP.

Kardaun SH, Kuiper H, Fidler V, Jonkman MF. The histopathological spectrum of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) and its differentiation from generalized pustular psoriasis.
Cocaine‐related retiform purpura: evidence to incriminate the adulterant, levamisole
Authors: Walsh Noreen M. G. , Green Peter J. , Burlingame Rufus W. , Pasternak Sylvia , Hanly John G.
Published: August 2010

The term ‘cocaine‐induced pseudovasculitis' was coined to encompass a constellation of clinical and laboratory findings which mimics a systemic vasculitis but lacks confirmatory evidence of vasculitis on biopsy. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies reacting with human neutrophil elastase (HNE) have been reported to distinguish the cocaine‐related syndrome from a true autoimmune vasculitis. Published cases of retiform purpura related to cocaine use are rare and an etiologic role for levamisole, a common adulterant of cocaine, has been postulated. We describe two female patients aged 39 and 49 years with cocaine‐related retiform purpura, mainly affecting the legs. The initial clinical and serological profile in case 1 led to a suspicion of anti‐phospholipid syndrome and in case 2 to Wegener's granulomatosis with an unexplained associated neutropenia. Skin biopsies revealed a mixed pattern of leukocytoclastic vasculitis and microvascular thrombosis in case 1 and pure microvascular thrombosis in case 2. Identification of anti‐HNE antibodies in both patients linked their disease to cocaine. The mixed vasculopathic pattern in case 1 and the associated neutropenia in case 2, both known adverse effects of levamisole, point to this as the true etiologic agent. Urine toxicology shortly after a binge of cocaine use in each case was positive for levamisole.

Walsh NMG, Green PJ, Burlingame RW, Pasternak S, Hanly JG. Cocaine‐related retiform purpura: evidence to incriminate the adulterant, levamisole.
Mobilization strategies in hard‐to‐mobilize patients with lymphoid malignancies
Authors: Jantunen Esa , Kvalheim Gunnar
Published: August 2010

Depending on definitions and patient characteristics, 5–40% of patients with lymphoid malignancies are hard‐to‐mobilize. Several premobilization factors such as previous chemotherapy (CT), disease, marrow infiltration and platelet count at the time of mobilization influence the efficacy of CD34+ cell mobilization. In general, however, prediction of hard‐to‐mobilize patient is difficult. Postmobilization factors especially low blood CD34+ counts are important in clinical practice as we have now ways to enhance mobilization at this point. Plerixafor combined with granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) has significantly increased efficacy of remobilization in patients who have failed a previous mobilization attempt with a success rate of about 70%. Addition of plerixafor to G‐CSF or more recently to a mobilization regimen consisting of CT + G‐CSF is promising as blood CD34+ counts can be increased  three to fivefold to facilitate effective collection with less aphaeresis sessions. As plerixafor is expensive, development of practical algorithms for its use is important to make blood stem cell mobilization and collection more efficient in a cost‐effective way. This review attempts to summarize current treatment strategies in hard‐to‐mobilize patients with lymphoid malignancies.
An update on minor salivary gland secretions
Authors: Eliasson Lars , Carlén Anette
Published: August 2010

Eliasson L, Carlén A. An update on minor salivary gland secretions. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 435–442. © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci

In this article, the literature on minor salivary gland secretion rates, composition, and function is reviewed. Measurements of the minor salivary gland secretion rates and composition are complicated, and the secretions display large biological variability. Despite this, some characteristics of these secretions have been found repeatedly in independent investigations. Minor gland saliva varies between different oral sites. Buccal saliva flow is higher than labial saliva flow, which in turn is usually higher than the palatal gland secretion rate. It is generally agreed that minor gland saliva is important for the whole saliva composition, and especially for the secretory immunoglobulin A and mucins. The secretion from these glands seems also important for subjective feelings of dry mouth and general wellbeing. Further research is essential for understanding the role of these secretions for oral, as well as for general, health.
A novel antibacterial dental glass‐ionomer cement
Authors: Weng Yiming , Guo Xia , Gregory Richard , Xie Dong
Published: August 2010

Weng Y, Guo X, Gregory R, Xie D. A novel antibacterial dental glass‐ionomer cement.  Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 531–534. © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci

This study reports the synthesis and evaluation of a novel non‐leachable poly(quaternary ammonium salt) (PQAS)‐containing antibacterial glass‐ionomer cement. Fuji II LC cement was used for comparison. Compressive strength (CS) and Streptococcus mutans viability were used to evaluate strength and antibacterial activity, respectively. All specimens were conditioned in distilled water at 37°C before testing. After the addition of 1–30% PQAS, both cements showed a reduction in CS, of 25–95% for Fuji II LC and 13–78% for the experimental cement, and a reduction in S. mutans viability, of 40–79% for Fuji II LC and 40–91% for the experimental cement. The experimental cement showed less CS reduction and higher antibacterial activity compared with Fuji II LC. The result also indicates that the cements are permanently antibacterial, with no leaching of PQAS. It appears that the experimental cement is a clinically attractive dental restorative that can be potentially used for long‐lasting restorations as a result of its high mechanical strength and permanent antibacterial function.
Melatonin inhibits adipogenesis and enhances osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells by suppressing PPARγ expression and enhancing Runx2 expression
Authors: Zhang Liangming , Su Peiqiang , Xu Caixia , Chen Changhua , Liang Anjing , Du Kaili , Peng Yan , Huang Dongsheng
Published: August 2010

Abstract:  Adipogenesis and osteogenesis, a reciprocal relationship in bone marrow, are complex processes including proliferation of precursor cells, commitment to the specific lineage, and terminal differentiation. Accumulating evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies suggests that melatonin affects terminal differentiation of osteoblasts and adipocytes, but little is known about the effect of melatonin on the process of adipogenesis and osteogenesis, especially adipogenesis. This study was performed to determine the effect of melatonin on adipogenesis and osteogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Cell proliferation assays demonstrated that melatonin had no apparent effect on the proliferation of hMSCs. When melatonin was added to the adipogenic/osteogenic medium, it directly inhibited adipogenesis and simultaneously promoted osteogenesis of hMSCs in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, quantitative RT‐PCR demonstrated that melatonin significantly suppressed peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression (day 3, 25% decrease; day 6, 47% decrease), but promoted Runx2 expression (day 3, 87% increase; day 6, 56% increase) in the early stages of adipogenesis and osteogenesis of hMSCs. Moreover, melatonin down‐regulated several markers of terminal adipocyte differentiation, including leptin (30%), lipoprotein lipase (LPL, 41%), adiponectin (51%), and adipocyte protein 2 (αP2, 45%). Meanwhile, melatonin up‐regulated several markers of osteoblast differentiation, including alkaline phosphatase (110%), osteopontin (218%), and osteocalcin (310%). These results suggest that melatonin directly inhibits hMSCs adipogenic differentiation and significantly enhances hMSCs osteogenic differentiation by suppressing PPARγ expression and enhancing Runx2 expression; this provides further evidence for melatonin as an anti‐osteoporosis drug.
The mechanism for the neuroprotective effect of melatonin against methamphetamine‐induced autophagy
Authors: Nopparat Chutikorn , Porter James E. , Ebadi Manuchair , Govitrapong Piyarat
Published: August 2010

Abstract:  Methamphetamine (METH) is a common drug of abuse that induces toxicity in the central nervous system and is connected to neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. METH neurotoxicity is induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis. Moreover, autophagy is an alternative to cell death and a means for eliminating dysfunctional organelles. In other cases, autophagy can end up in cell death. Nonetheless, it is not clear whether autophagy is also correlated with apoptotic signaling in drug‐induced neurotoxicity. Therefore, we hypothesized that METH‐generated toxicity associated with initiating the apoptotic signaling cascade can also increase the autophagic phenotype in neuronal cells. Using the SK–N–SH dopaminergic cell line as our model system, we found that METH‐induced autophagy by inhibiting dissociation of Bcl‐2/Beclin 1 complex and its upstream pathway that thereby led to cell death. We uncovered a novel function for the anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2, as it played a role in negatively regulating autophagy by blocking an essential protein in the signaling pathway, Beclin 1. Furthermore, Bcl‐2 was activated by c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase 1 (JNK 1), which is upstream of Bcl‐2 phosphorylation, to induce Bcl‐2/Beclin 1 dissociation. Furthermore, we demonstrated a novel role for melatonin in protecting cells from autophagic cell death triggered by the Bcl‐2/Beclin 1 pathway by inhibiting the activation of the JNK 1, Bcl‐2 upstream pathway. This study provides information regarding the link between apoptosis and autophagy signaling, which could lead to the development of therapeutic strategies that exploit the neurotoxicity of drugs of abuse.
Cardiac alterations induced by a fish‐catching diving competition
Authors: Gargne O. , Joulia F. , Golé Y. , Coulange M. , Bessereau J. , Fontanari P. , Desruelle A.‐V. , Gavarry O. , Boussuges A.
Published: August 2010

Cardiac changes induced by repeated breath‐hold diving were investigated after a fish‐catching diving competition. Eleven healthy subjects carried out repeated breath‐hold dives at a mean maximal depth of 20 ± 2.7 msw (66 ± 9 fsw) during 5 h. One hour after the competition, the body mass loss was −1.7 ± 0.5 kg. Most of the breath‐hold divers suffered from cold and although the core temperature remained normal, a decrease in cutaneous temperature was recorded in the extremities. Systolic blood pressure was reduced in both upper and lower limbs. Heart rate was unchanged, but left ventricular (LV) stroke volume was reduced leading to a decrease in cardiac output (−20%). Left atrial and LV diameters were significantly decreased. LV filling was assessed on a trans‐mitral profile. An increase in the contribution of the atrial contraction to LV filling was observed. Right cavity diameters were increased. The cardiac autonomic alterations were in favor of sympathetic hyperactivity. After a fish‐catching diving competition in cold water, alterations suggesting dehydration, contraction in plasma volume and sympathetic hyperactivity were observed. Furthermore, enlargements of right cavities were in favor of right ventricular strains. Repeated apnea and swimming in cold water may account for these alterations.
Local NSAID infusion does not affect protein synthesis and gene expression in human muscle after eccentric exercise
Authors: Mikkelsen U. R. , Schjerling P. , Helmark I. C. , Reitelseder S. , Holm L. , Skovgaard D. , Langberg H. , Kjær M. , Heinemeier K. M.
Published: August 2010

Unaccustomed exercise leads to satellite cell proliferation and increased skeletal muscle protein turnover. Several growth factors and cytokines may be involved in the adaptive responses. Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) negatively affect muscle regeneration and adaptation in animal models, and inhibit the exercise‐induced satellite cell proliferation and protein synthesis in humans. However, the cellular mechanisms eliciting these responses remain unknown. Eight healthy male volunteers performed 200 maximal eccentric contractions with each leg. To block prostaglandin synthesis locally in the skeletal muscle, indomethacin (NSAID) was infused for 7.5 h via microdialysis catheters into m. vastus lateralis of one leg. Protein synthesis was determined by the incorporation of 1,2‐13C2 leucine into muscle protein from 24 to 28 h post‐exercise. Furthermore, mRNA expression of selected genes was measured in muscle biopsies (5 h and 8 days post‐exercise) by real‐time reverse transcriptase PCR. Myofibrillar and collagen protein synthesis were unaffected by the local NSAID infusion. Five hours post‐exercise, the mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX2) was sixfold higher in the NSAID leg (P=0.016) compared with the unblocked leg. The expression of growth factors and matrix‐related genes were unaffected by NSAID. Although NSAIDs inhibit the exercise‐induced satellite cell proliferation, we observed only limited effects on gene expression, and on post‐exercise protein synthesis.
Injury risk on artificial turf and grass in youth tournament football
Authors: Soligard T. , Bahr R. , Andersen T. E.
Published: August 2010

The aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the risk of acute injuries among youth male and female footballers playing on third‐generation artificial turf compared with grass. Over 60 000 players 13–19 years of age were followed in four consecutive Norway Cup tournaments from 2005 to 2008. Injuries were recorded prospectively by the team coaches throughout each tournament. The overall incidence of injuries was 39.2 (SD: 0.8) per 1000 match hours; 34.2 (SD: 2.4) on artificial turf and 39.7 (SD: 0.8) on grass. After adjusting for the potential confounders age and gender, there was no difference in the overall risk of injury [odds ratio (OR): 0.93 (0.77–1.12), P=0.44] or in the risk of time loss injury [OR: 1.05 (0.68–1.61), P=0.82] between artificial turf and grass. However, there was a lower risk of ankle injuries [OR: 0.59 (0.40–0.88), P=0.008], and a higher risk of back and spine [OR: 1.92 (1.10–3.36), P=0.021] and shoulder and collarbone injuries [OR: 2.32 (1.01–5.31), P=0.049], on artificial turf compared with on grass. In conclusion, there was no difference in the overall risk of acute injury in youth footballers playing on third‐generation artificial turf compared with grass.
The role of neural tension in hamstring flexibility
Authors: McHugh M.P. , Johnson C.D. , Morrison R.H.
Published: August 2010

Resistance to stretch, electromyographic (EMG) response to stretch, stretch discomfort and maximum range of motion (ROM) were measured during passive hamstring stretches performed in the slump test position (neural tension stretch) and in the upright position (neutral stretch) in eight healthy subjects. Stretches were performed on an isokinetic dynamometer at 5°/s with the test thigh flexed 40° above the horizontal, and the seat back at 90° to the horizontal. Surface EMG signals were recorded from the medial and lateral hamstrings during stretches. Knees were passively extended to maximum stretch tolerance with test order (neural tension vs neutral) alternated between legs. For neural tension stretches, the cervical and thoracic spine were manually flexed. Maximum ROM was 8° less for the neural tension stretch vs the neutral stretch (P<0.01). Resistance to stretch was 14–15% higher for the neural tension stretch vs the neutral stretch (P<0.001) at common joint angles in the final third of ROM. Stretch discomfort and EMG response were unaffected by neural tension. In conclusion, an increased passive resistance to stretch with the addition of neural tension during passive hamstring stretch despite no change in the EMG response indicates that passive extensibility of neural tissues can limit hamstring flexibility.
Effects of Early Conceptus Signals on Circulating Immune Cells: Lessons from Domestic Ruminants
Authors: Ott Troy L. , Gifford Craig A.
Published: August 2010

Citation Ott TL, Gifford CA. Effects of early conceptus signals on circulating immune cells: lessons from domestic ruminants. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010

While there are few similarities between mechanisms for extending corpus luteum (CL) function during early pregnancy in ruminants and primates, there is increasing evidence that conceptus‐immune crosstalk in ruminants and primates affects the function of circulating immune cells at the very earliest stages of pregnancy. Most notable are changes in immune cell phenotypes with increased numbers of cells exhibiting the T regulatory phenotype and suppression of Th1 cytokines that promote tolerance to paternal alloantigens. Until recently, interferon τ produced by the ruminant trophectoderm was thought to act exclusively on the uterine endometrium; however, it is now clear that this unique embryonic interferon escapes the uterus and alters gene expression in the CL and in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL). In fact, a large number of interferon‐stimulated genes are now known to be increased during early pregnancy in PBL. What is not known is how this conceptus‐immune system cross‐talk affects maternal immune status outside the reproductive tract. It is attractive to hypothesize that some of these effects are designed to counter‐balance progesterone‐induced immunosuppression so as not to place the dam at a greater risk of infection on top of the tremendous stresses already induced by pregnancy. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that pregnancy induced changes in peripheral immune cells may aid in orchestrating establishment of pregnancy. Existing evidence points toward a greater convergence of systemic immune responses to early pregnancy signaling between ruminants and primates.
Today's treatments options for onychomycosis
Authors: Iorizzo Matilde , Piraccini Bianca Maria , Tosti Antonella
Published: August 2010

Onychomycosis can be cured even if fungi are sometimes difficult to eradicate; the treatment is often lengthy and requires patience. The choice of agents should be based on numerous factors including patient's age and health, causative organism, clinical type of onychomycosis, number of affected nails and severity of nail involvement. We review current and future treatments for onychomycosis. We will also consider treatment options in patients with poor prognostic factors suggesting possible treatment failure.
Juvenile psoriasis and its clinical management: a European expert group consensus
Authors: Ståhle Mona , Atakan Nilgun , Boehncke Wolf‐Henning , Chimenti Sergio , Daudén Esteban , Giannetti Alberto , Hoeger Peter , Joly Pascal , Katsambas Andreas , Kragballe Knud , Lambert Jo , Ortonne Jean‐Paul , Prinz Joerg C. , Puig Lluís , Seyger Marieke , Strohal Robert , Van De Kerkhoff Peter , Sterry Wolfram
Published: August 2010

Background: Psoriasis, an inflammatory disorder of the skin, can significantly impact on a patient's quality of life, affecting their daily activities and families. The onset of psoriasis in childhood is quite common; however, the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe disease in this population is challenging, with a paucity of data reported and few licensed agents available.

Methods: A Delphi survey was conducted among a panel of European expert dermatologists and physicians with a particular interest in pediatric inflammatory disorders. The survey covered the aspects of psoriasis types, psoriatic arthritis, diagnosis and treatment options in childhood.

Results: A series of consensus opinions were reached, detailing the current practice in Europe for the diagnosis and treatment of psoriasis in childhood. These opinions are presented in the context of evidence from the literature and the current licensure status and indications of therapies for psoriasis in childhood.

Conclusions: These data provide detailed information on the current practices in Europe for treating psoriasis in childhood.
Physical activity positively predicts bone architecture and bone strength in adolescent males and females
Authors: McKay Heather , Liu Danmei , Egeli Deetria , Boyd Steven , Burrows Melonie
Published: August 2010

Aims:  Physical activity (PA) has positive effects on bone accrual and geometry in children during growth. However, we do not know how PA influences adaptations in bone architecture during growth. We evaluated the contribution of PA to bone density, architecture and strength in adolescents.

Methods:  We used HR‐pQCT (XtremeCT, Scanco Medical) to assess cross‐sectional moments of inertia [Imin, Imax (mm4)], total bone density (Tt.Dn, mg HA/cm3), total bone area (Tt.Ar, mm2), cortical bone density (Ct.Dn, mg HA/cm3), cortical thickness (Ct.Th, μm), trabecular bone density (Tb.Dn, mg HA/cm3), trabecular number (Tb.N, mm−1) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th, μm) at the distal tibia in 146 male and 132 female participants (15–20 years). We evaluated the contribution of impact loading PA (ImpactPA) and non‐impact loading PA (NoimpactPA) on bone (p < 0.05).

Results:  ImpactPA explained 10% of variance in Imin (p = 0.000), and 12% of variance in Imax (p = 0.000) in male participants. In male participants, ImpactPA explained 6% of variance in Tt.Ar (p = 0.003). In female participants, ImpactPA explained 4% of variance in Tt.Dn (p = 0.011), 5% of variance in Tb.Dn (p = 0.004) and 8% of variance in Tb.N (p = 0.001).

Conclusion:  Our findings suggest that ImpactPA is significantly associated with bone architecture and bone strength in adolescent males and females.
Impact of mothers' negative affectivity, parental locus of control and child‐feeding practices on dietary patterns of 3‐year‐old children: The MoBa Cohort Study
Authors: Ystrom Eivind , Barker Mary , Vollrath Margarete E.
Published: August 2010

The aims of the current study were to (1) identify dietary patterns in 3‐year‐old children; (2) investigate the extent to which negative affectivity, external parental locus of control and control‐oriented child‐feeding practices (pressure to eat and restriction) relate to these dietary patterns; and (3) to examine to what extent external parental locus of control and control‐oriented child‐feeding practices serve as mediators for these effects. This study was part of the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, comprising 14 122 mothers completing assessments at 6 months, 18 months and 3 years post‐partum. Factor analysis of the children's diet identified two weakly correlated dietary patterns, labeled ‘unhealthy’ and ‘wholesome’. Mothers high in negative affectivity perceived they had little control over their child's behaviour, which in turn was associated with both pressuring their child to eat and restricting the child's food intake and a less wholesome and a more unhealthy diet in the child. Pressuring the child to eat was independently associated with a less wholesome and a more unhealthy diet. Restricting the child's diet was associated with a more wholesome and a less unhealthy diet. These findings held after controlling for maternal smoking, education, age, body mass index, marital status, homemaker status and child gender.
Evaluation of the flexural strength and elastic modulus of resins used for temporary restorations reinforced with particulate glass fibre
Authors: Orsi Iara Augusta , Soares Rodrigo Gonçalves , Villabona Camilo Andrés , Panzeri Heitor
Published: August 2010

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00410.x
 
Evaluation of the flexural strength and elastic modulus of resins used for temporary restorations reinforced with particulate glass fibre

Objective:  The flexural strength and the elastic modulus of acrylic resins, Dencor, Duralay and Trim Plus II, were evaluated with and without the addition of silanised glass fibre.

Materials and methods:  To evaluate the flexural strength and elastic modulus, 60 test specimens were fabricated with the addition of 10% ground silanised glass fibres for the experimental group, and 60 without the incorporation of fibres, for the control group, with 20 test specimens being made of each commercial brand of resin (Dencor, Duralay and Trim Plus II) for the control group and experimental group. After the test specimens had been completed, the flexural strength and elastic modulus tests were performed in a universal testing device, using the three‐point bending test. For the specimens without fibres the One‐Way Analysis of Variance and the complementary Tukey test were used, and for those with fibres it was not normal, so that the non‐parametric Mann‐Whitney test was applied.

Results:  For the flexural strength test, there was no statistical difference (p > 0.05) between each commercial brand of resin without fibres [Duralay 84.32(±8.54), Trim plus 85.39(±6.74), Dencor 96.70(±6.52)] and with fibres (Duralay 87.18, Trim plus 88.33, Dencor 98.10). However, for the elastic modulus, there was statistical difference (p > 0.01) between each commercial brand of resin without fibres [Duralay 2380.64 (±168.60), Trim plus 2740.37(±311.74), Dencor 2595.42(±261.22)] and with fibres (Duralay 3750.42, Trim plus 3188.80, Dencor 3400.75).

Conclusion:  The result showed that the incorporation of fibre did not interfere in the flexural strength values, but it increased the values for the elastic modulus.
Validation of the Brazilian versions of two inventories for measuring oral health‐related quality of life of edentulous subjects
Authors: de Souza Raphael Freitas , Terada Andrea Sayuri Silveira Dias , Vecchia Maria Paula Della , Regis Romulo Rocha , Zanini Ana Paula , Compagnoni Marco Antonio
Published: August 2010

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00417.x
 
Validation of the Brazilian versions of two inventories for measuring oral health‐related quality of life of edentulous subjects

Objectives:  To analyse the validity of the Brazilian versions of OHIP‐EDENT and GOHAI as assessment tools of edentulous subjects’ OHRQoL.

Background:  Inventories for measuring oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) are important in clinical studies regarding oral rehabilitation. However, there is a need for comprehensive validation after translation into different cultural settings.

Materials and methods:  The sample comprised of 100 complete denture wearers (29 men, 71 women, mean age of 65.2 ± 9.9 years). The associations between each OHRQoL inventory and other variables served as measurements of construct validity. Data analysis comprised the Spearman correlation test as well as multiple regression using the OHRQoL inventories as dependent variables and the other scales as determinants.

Results:  Both OHRQoL inventories showed good correlation with denture satisfaction, whereas lower correlation coefficients were found among the inventories and the HAD subscales. Denture satisfaction alone explained 48% and 39% of the variance found for the OHIP‐EDENT and GOHAI, respectively, as assessed by multiple regression. A smaller effect was found for OHIP‐EDENT.

Conclusion:  Both OHIP‐EDENT and GOHAI showed good construct validity for measurement of OHRQoL of edentulous subjects.
The influence of implant number and attachment type on maximum bite force of mandibular overdentures: a retrospective study
Authors: Bilhan Hakan , Geckili Onur , Mumcu Emre , Cilingir Altug , Bozdag Ergun
Published: August 2010

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00421.x
 
The influence of implant number and attachment type on maximum bite force of mandibular overdentures: a retrospective study

Aim:  Assessment of the influence of such factors as attachment type, number of implants, gender and age of patients on maximum bite force (MBF).

Material and methods:  Sixty‐two edentulous patients (32 females, 30 males; aged 64.03 ± 10.07 years, range 42–90 years) with mandibular implant overdentures with various attachment types were included in the study and their MBFs were recorded. The results were evaluated statistically at a significance level of p < 0.05.

Results:  The MBF in male patients was found to be statistically significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in female patients. No statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were found with respect to age groups, attachment types and number of implants supporting the mandibular overdentures.

Conclusion:  Within the limitations of this study, it is concluded that independent of the number applied, dental implants increase MBF in edentulous patients. While males show higher bite force, patient age and attachment type seem not to play an important role.
Spirituality, religion, social support and health among older Australian adults
Authors: Moxey Annette , McEvoy Mark , Bowe Steven , Attia John
Published: August 2010

Aim:  To examine the impact of perceived importance of spirituality or religion (ISR) and religious service attendance (RSA) on health and well‐being in older Australians.

Methods:  A cross‐sectional survey of 752 community‐dwelling men and women aged 55–85 years from the Hunter Region, New South Wales.

Results:  Overall, 51% of participants felt spirituality or religion was important in their lives and 24% attended religious services at least 2–3 times a month. In univariate regression analyses, ISR and RSA were associated with increased levels of social support (P < 0.001). However, ISR was also associated with more comorbidities (incidence–rate ratio= 1.2, 95% confidence interval 1.08–1.33). There were no statistically significant associations between ISR or RSA and other measures such as mental and physical health.

Conclusion:  Spirituality and religious involvement have a beneficial impact on older Australians' perceptions of social support, and may enable individuals to better cope with the presence of multiple comorbidities later in life.
Optimization of conditions for the glycosyltransferase activity of penicillin‐binding protein 1a from Thermotoga maritima
Authors: Offant Julien , Terrak Mohammed , Derouaux Adeline , Breukink Eefjan , Nguyen‐Distèche Martine , Zapun André , Vernet Thierry
Published: August 2010

Cell wall biosynthesis is a key target for antibacterial drugs. The major constituent of the bacterial wall, peptidoglycan, is a netlike polymer responsible for the size and shape of the cell and for resisting osmotic pressure. It consists of glycan chains of repeating disaccharide units cross‐linked through short peptide chains. Peptidoglycan assembly is catalyzed by the periplasmic domain of bifunctional class A penicillin‐binding proteins. Cross‐linking of the peptide chains is catalyzed by their transpeptidase module, which can be inhibited by the most widely used antibiotics, the β‐lactams. In contrast, no drug in clinical use inhibits the polymerization of the glycan chains, catalyzed by their glycosyltransferase module, although it is an obvious target. We report here the purification of the ectodomain of the class A penicillin‐binding protein 1a from Thermotoga maritima (Tm‐1a*), expressed recombinantly in Escherichia coli. A detergent screen showed that detergents with shorter aliphatic chains were better solubilizers. Cyclohexyl‐hexyl‐β‐d‐maltoside‐purified Tm‐1a* was found to be monomeric and to have improved thermal stability. A miniaturized, multiwell continuous fluorescence assay of the glycosyltransferase activity was used to screen for optimal reaction conditions. Tm‐1a* was active as a glycosyltransferase, catalyzing the formation of glycan chains up to 16 disaccharide units long. Our results emphasize the importance of the detergent in preparing a stable monomeric ectodomain of a class A penicillin‐binding protein. Our assay could be used to screen collections of compounds for inhibitors of peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases that could serve as the basis for the development of novel antibiotics.
MicroRNA‐21 protects neurons from ischemic death
Authors: Buller Ben , Liu Xianshuang , Wang Xinli , Zhang Rui L. , Zhang Li , Hozeska‐Solgot Ann , Chopp Michael , Zhang Zheng G.
Published: August 2010

MicroRNAs are small RNAs that attenuate protein expression by complementary binding to the 3′‐UTR of a target mRNA. Currently, very little is known about microRNAs after cerebral ischemia. In particular, microRNA‐21 (miR‐21) is a strong antiapoptotic factor in some biological systems. We investigated the role of miR‐21 after stroke in the rat. We employed in situ hybridization and laser capture microdissection in combination with real‐time RT‐PCR to investigate the expression of miR‐21 after stroke. In situ hybridization revealed that miR‐21 expression was upregulated in neurons of the ischemic boundary zone, and quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR analysis revealed that stroke increased mature miR‐21 levels by approximately threefold in neurons isolated from the ischemic boundary zone by laser capture microdissection as compared with homologous contralateral neurons 2 days (n = 4; P < 0.05) and 7 days (n = 3; P < 0.05) after stroke. In vitro, overexpression of miR‐21 in cultured cortical neurons substantially suppressed oxygen and glucose deprivation‐induced apoptotic cell death, whereas attenuation of endogenous miR‐21 by antisense inhibition exacerbated cell death after oxygen and glucose deprivation. Moreover, overexpression of miR‐21 in neurons significantly reduced FASLG levels, and introduction of an miR‐21 mimic into 293‐HEK cells substantially reduced luciferase activity in a reporter system containing the 3′‐UTR of Faslg. Our data indicate that overexpression of miR‐21 protects against ischemic neuronal death, and that downregulation of FASLG, a tumor necrosis factor‐α family member and an important cell death‐inducing ligand whose gene is targeted by miR‐21, probably mediates the neuroprotective effect. These novel findings suggest that miR‐21 may be an attractive therapeutic molecule for treatment of stroke.
MBP‐1 is efficiently encoded by an alternative transcript of the ENO1 gene but post‐translationally regulated by proteasome‐dependent protein turnover
Authors: Lung Jrhau , Liu Ko‐Jiunn , Chang Jang‐Yang , Leu Sy‐Jye , Shih Neng‐Yao
Published: August 2010

The c‐myc promoter‐binding protein‐1 (MBP‐1) is a transcriptional suppressor of tumorigenesis and thought to be the product of alternative translation initiation of the α‐enolase (ENO1) transcript. In the present study, we cloned a 2552‐bp novel cDNA with a putative coding sequence of MBP‐1 and functionally examined its ability to encode the MBP‐1 protein. Similarly to ENO1, the obtained MBP‐1 was widely and differentially expressed in a variety of normal tissues and cancer cells. Experiments using MBP‐1 promoter‐driven luciferase reporter assays, biochemical cell fractionation followed by RT‐PCR detection of the cytoplasmic mRNA, and transcription/translation‐coupled reactions, consistently demonstrated that this novel transcript was alternatively transcribed from intron III of the ENO1 gene and was feasible for MBP‐1 production. Hypoxia treatments significantly increased the transcriptional activation of the MBP‐1 gene. Blocking the proteasomal degradation by MG132 stabilized the MBP‐1 protein in cells. Compared with the translation efficiency for production of the MBP‐1 protein, the MBP‐1 transcript was 17.8 times more efficient than the ENO1 transcript. Thus, we suggest that this newly discovered transcript is a genuine template for the protein synthesis of MBP‐1 in cells, and optimal expression of this gene in tumors may lead to effective clinical therapies for cancers.
A new pathway encompassing calpain 3 and its newly identified substrate cardiac ankyrin repeat protein is involved in the regulation of the nuclear factor‐κB pathway in skeletal muscle
Authors: Laure Lydie , Danièle Nathalie , Suel Laurence , Marchand Sylvie , Aubert Sophie , Bourg Nathalie , Roudaut Carinne , Duguez Stéphanie , Bartoli Marc , Richard Isabelle
Published: August 2010

A multiprotein complex encompassing a transcription regulator, cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (CARP), and the calpain 3 protease was identified in the N2A elastic region of the giant sarcomeric protein titin. The present study aimed to investigate the function(s) of this complex in the skeletal muscle. We demonstrate that CARP subcellular localization is controlled by the activity of calpain 3: the higher the calpain 3, the more important the sarcomeric retention of CARP. This regulation would occur through cleavage of the N‐terminal end of CARP by the protease. We show that, upon CARP over‐expression, the transcription factor nuclear factor NF‐κB p65 DNA‐binding activity decreases. Taken as a whole, CARP and its regulator calpain 3 appear to occupy a central position in the important cell fate‐governing NF‐κB pathway. Interestingly, the expression of the atrophying protein MURF1, one of NF‐κB main targets, remains unchanged in presence of CARP, suggesting that the pathway encompassing calpain3/CARP/NF‐κB does not play a role in muscle atrophy. With NF‐κB also having anti‐apoptotic effects, the inability of calpain 3 to lower CARP‐driven inhibition of NF‐κB could reduce muscle cell survival, hence partly accounting for the dystrophic pattern observed in limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2A, a pathology resulting from the protease deficiency.

Structured digital abstract

 MINT‐7990388: Titin (uniprotkb:Q8WZ42) physically interacts (MI:0915) with CARP (uniprotkb:Q9CR42) by two hybrid (MI:0018)

 MINT‐7990374: calpain 3 (uniprotkb:P20807) physically interacts (MI:0915) with Titin (uniprotkb:Q8WZ42) by two hybrid (MI:0018)

 MINT‐7990342: calpain 3 (uniprotkb:P20807) physically interacts (MI:0915) with CARP (uniprotkb:Q9CR42) by two hybrid (MI:0018)
NrpRII mediates contacts between NrpRI and general transcription factors in the archaeon Methanosarcina mazei Gö1
Authors: Weidenbach Katrin , Ehlers Claudia , Kock Jutta , Schmitz Ruth A.
Published: August 2010

We report here on the formation of a complex between the two NrpR homologs present in Methanosarcina mazei Gö1 and their binding properties to the nifH and glnK1 promoters. Reciprocal co‐chromatography demonstrated that NrpRI forms stable complexes with NrpRII (at an NrpRI : NrpRII molar ratio of ∼ 1 : 3), which are not affected by 2‐oxoglutarate. Promoter‐binding, analyses using DNA‐affinity chromatography and electrophoretic gel mobility shift assays, verified that NrpRII is not able to bind to either the nifH promoter or the glnK1 promoter except when in complex with NrpRI. Specific binding of NrpRI to the nifH and glnK1 promoters was shown to be highly sensitive to 2‐oxoglutarate, regardless of whether only NrpRI, or NrpRI in complex with NrpRII, bound to the promoter. Finally, strong interactions between NrpRII and the general transcription factors TATA‐binding proteins (TBP) 1–3 and the general transcription factor TFIIB (TFB) were demonstrated, interactions which are also sensitive to 2‐oxoglutarate. On the basis of these findings we propose the following: under nitrogen sufficiency NrpRII binds from solution to either the nifH promoter or the glnK1 promoter by simultaneously contacting NrpRI and TBP plus TFB, resulting in full repression of transcription; whereas, under nitrogen limitation, increasing 2‐oxoglutarate concentrations significantly decrease the binding of NrpRI to the operator as well as the binding of NrpRII to TBP and TFB, ultimately allowing recruitment of RNA polymerase to the promoter.

Structured digital abstract

MINT‐7990058: NrpRII (uniprotkb:Q8PVJ4) physically interacts (MI:0915) with TBP3 (uniprotkb:Q8PUZ4) by pull down (MI:0096)

MINT‐7989998: NrpRII (uniprotkb:Q8PVJ4) physically interacts (MI:0915) with TBP1 (uniprotkb:Q8PY37) by pull down (MI:0096)

MINT‐7989971, MINT‐7989984: NrpRII (uniprotkb:Q8PVJ4) physically interacts (MI:0915) with NrpRI (uniprotkb:Q8PXY1) by pull down (MI:0096)

MINT‐7990028: NrpRII (uniprotkb:Q8PVJ4) physically interacts (MI:0915) with TBP2 (uniprotkb:Q8PY36) by pull down (MI:0096)

MINT‐7990087: NrpRII (uniprotkb:Q8PVJ4) physically interacts (MI:0915) with TFP (uniprotkb:Q977U3) by pull down (MI:0096)

MINT‐7990149: NrpRII (uniprotkb:Q8PVJ4) and NrpRI (uniprotkb:Q8PXY1) bind (MI:0407) by molecular sieving (MI:0071)
Autolytic activity of human calpain 7 is enhanced by ESCRT‐III‐related protein IST1 through MIT–MIM interaction
Authors: Osako Yohei , Maemoto Yuki , Tanaka Ryohei , Suzuki Hironori , Shibata Hideki , Maki Masatoshi
Published: August 2010

Calpain 7, a mammalian ortholog of yeast Cpl1/Rim13 and fungal PalB, is an atypical calpain that lacks a penta‐EF‐hand domain. Previously, we reported that a region containing a tandem repeat of microtubule‐interacting and transport (MIT) domains in calpain 7 interacts with a subset of endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)‐III‐related proteins, suggesting involvement of calpain 7 in the ESCRT system. Although yeast and fungal calpains are thought to be involved in alkaline adaptation via limited proteolysis of specific transcription factors, proteolytic activity of calpain 7 has not been demonstrated yet. In this study, we investigated the interaction between calpain 7 and a newly reported ESCRT‐III family member, increased sodium tolerance‐1 (IST1), which possesses two different types of MIT‐interacting motifs (MIM1 and MIM2). We found that glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST)‐fused tandem MIT domains of calpain 7 (calpain 7MIT) pulled down FLAG‐tagged IST1 expressed in HEK293T cells. Coimmunoprecipitation assays with various deletion or point mutants of epitope‐tagged calpain 7 and IST1 revealed that both repetitive MIT domains and MIMs are required for efficient interaction. Direct MIT–MIM binding was confirmed by a pulldown experiment with GST‐fused IST1 MIM and purified recombinant calpain 7MIT. Furthermore, we found that the GST–MIM protein enhances the autolysis of purified Strep‐tagged monomeric green fluorescent protein (mGFP)‐fused calpain 7 (mGFP–calpain 7–Strep). The autolysis was almost completely abolished by 10 mmN‐ethylmaleimide but only partially inhibited by 1 mm leupeptin or E‐64. The putative catalytic Cys290‐substituted mutant (mGFP–calpain 7C290S–Strep) showed no autolytic activity. These results demonstrate for the first time that human calpain 7 is proteolytically active, and imply that calpain 7 is activated in the ESCRT system.

Structured digital abstract

MINT‐7990193, MINT‐7990213, MINT‐7990233: calpain 7 (uniprotkb:Q9Y6W3) physically interacts (MI:0915) with IST1 (uniprotkb:P53990) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)

MINT‐7990176: calpain 7 (uniprotkb:Q9Y6W3) physically interacts (MI:0915) with IST1 (uniprotkb:P53990) by pull down (MI:0096)

MINT‐7990252: IST1 (uniprotkb:P53990) binds (MI:0407) to calpain 7 (uniprotkb:Q9Y6W3) by pull down (MI:0096)
Resolving the native conformation of Escherichia coli OmpA
Authors: Negoda Alexander , Negoda Elena , Reusch Rosetta N.
Published: August 2010

The native conformation of the 325‐residue outer membrane protein A (OmpA) of Escherichia coli has been a matter of contention. A narrow‐pore, two‐domain structure has vied with a large‐pore, single‐domain structure. Our recent studies show that Ser163 and Ser167 of the N‐terminal domain (1–170) are modified in the cytoplasm by covalent attachment of oligo‐(R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrates (cOHBs), and further show that these modifications are essential for the N‐terminal domain to be incorporated into planar lipid bilayers as narrow pores (∼ 80 pS, 1 m KCl, 22 °C). Here, we examined the potential effect(s) of periplasmic modifications on pore structure by comparing OmpA isolated from outer membranes (M‐OmpA) with OmpA isolated from cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (I‐OmpA). Chemical and western blot analysis and 1H‐NMR showed that segment 264–325 in M‐OmpA, but not in I‐OmpA, is modified by cOHBs. Moreover, a disulfide bond is formed between Cys290 and Cys302 by the periplasmic enzyme DsbA. Planar lipid bilayer studies indicated that narrow pores formed by M‐OmpA undergo a temperature‐induced transition into stable large pores (∼ 450 pS, 1 m KCl, 22 °C) [energy of activation (Ea) = 33.2 kcal·mol−1], but this transition does not occur with I‐OmpA or with M‐OmpA that has been exposed to disulfide bond‐reducing agents. The results suggest that the narrow pore is a folding intermediate, and demonstrate the decisive roles of cOHB‐modification, disulfide bond formation and temperature in folding OmpA into its native large‐pore configuration.
Stefin A displaces the occluding loop of cathepsin B only by as much as required to bind to the active site cleft
Authors: Renko Miha , Požgan Urška , Majera Dušana , Turk Dušan
Published: August 2010

Cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) is one of the most versatile human cysteine cathepsins. It is important for intracellular protein degradation under normal conditions and is involved in a number of pathological processes. The occluding loop makes cathepsin B unique among cysteine cathepsins. This ∼ 20 residue long insertion imbedded into the papain‐like protease scaffold restricts access to the active site cleft and endows cathepsin B with its carboxydipeptidase activity. Nevertheless, the enzyme also exhibits endopeptidase activity and is inhibited by stefins and cystatins. To clarify the structural properties of the occluding loop upon the binding of stefins, we determined the crystal structure of the complex between wild‐type human stefin A and wild‐type human cathepsin B at 2.6 Å resolution. The papain‐like part of cathepsin B structure remains unmodified, whereas the occluding loop residues are displaced. The part enclosed by the disulfide bridge containing histidines 110 and 111 (i.e. the ‘lasso’ part) is rotated by ∼ 45° away from its original position. A comparison of the structure of the unliganded cathepsin B with the structure of the proenzyme, its complexes with chagasin and stefin A shows that the magnitude of the shift of the occluding loop is related to the size of the binding region. It is smallest in the procathepsin structures and increases in the series of complexes with stefin A and chagasin, although it has no impact on the binding constant. Hence, cathepsin B can dock inhibitors and certain substrates regardless of the size of the binding region.

Structured digital abstract

MINT‐7990451: Stefin‐A (uniprotkb:P01040) and Cathepsin B (uniprotkb:P07858) bind (MI:0407) by x‐ray crystallography (MI:0114)