bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep venous thrombosis in Benghazi: demographic features and acquired risk factors
Authors: M El Sahati , A Attia , A Hawil , M Hamed , M Latiwish
Published: December 2023

Deep venous thrombosis DVT) remains a common cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized as well as generally healthy individuals. Little is known about DVT in Benghazi. The aim of this study is determining the demographic features and risk factors in the studied group. Methods: Medical records of all patients presented to come. ulation clinic in Jamhoriya hospital from January 2007 to December 2010 were analyzed for age, sex, chief complaint, site of thrombosis, and risk factors. Results: The total number of patients was 131. There were 88 females and 43 males male to female ratio is 1:2.04). The mean age was 47.06 years (SD 17.02). One hundred and seven patients (81.7%) presented with painful swelling of limb. Diagnosis was confirmed by Doppler Ultrasound in 121 patients (92.4%). Upper and lower limbs were involved in 118 patients (90.196). Pulmonary embolism was diagnosed in six patients (4.6%), portal vein thrombosis was diagnosed by Doppler Abdominal USS in four patients (3.1%). Immobilization as a risk factor was found in 39 patients (29.79. Nineteen patients (14.5%) were immobile because of surgery. Twenty-nine patients (22.1%)presented with more than one risk factor. There is no risk factor in 30 patients (22.9%). Discussion: Females are affected more than males. Doppler ultrasound was used in the diagnosis of most cases probably because most cases came with painful limb swelling. Prolonged immobilization was the main risk factor for DVT especially postoperative immobility. Conclusion: Females are affected more than males and the mean age was 47.03 years. Prolonged immobilization is the main risk factor and prophylactic anticoagulant therapy should be considered in patients undergoing surgery and other immobile patients. We recommend special laboratory of coagulation for screening of thrombophilia inherited and acquired)
PREVALENCE OF CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS AMONG PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE UNDERGOING HEMODIALYSIS IN BENGHAZI LIBYA
Authors: Gomaty Jamal , Abuzeid Issa , Faiz Khalid , El-Refaei Nasser , El-Houny Tariq
Published: December 2023

EARLY DETECTION At-D PROPER ,o\ OEQUATE TREATMENT OF SCAPHOID FRACTURES ARE ESSENTIAL TO AVOID COMPLICATIONS OFMALUNION. DELAYEO l1 NION1 NONUNION AN O THE AVASCULAR NECROSIS, WITH THEIR DISABLING SEQUELAE.THE AIM OF THIS STUDY1S TO ASSESS PROSPECTI\IELY THE CLINICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL RESULTS USING THE MODIFIED MATTl· RUSSE TECHNIQUE, FORTHE TRE: .. \TMENT OF SCAPHOID NONU NION WITH AND WITHOUT QUESTIONABLE VIABILITY OF THE PROXIMAL FRAGMENT.WITH OUREXPERIENCE OF THE NU MEROUS PROCEDURES AND TECHNIQU ES PROPOSED FOR THE TREATMENT OF THIS COMPLEX PROBLEM ,\\'E ARE RErGRTING OUR RESULTS IN 2 3 CASES, 8 OF WHICII WERE ASSOCIATED WITH AVASCULAR NECROSIS OF TI-I EIR PROXIMALFRAGMENT S.A LTHOUGH THE DATA WERE LIMITED FOR CASES OF NONUNION SCAPHOID FRACTURE, WITH PROXIMAL POLE AVASCULARNECROSIS, WE NOTICED TH.•\T INCREASED BONE DENSITY IS A RELIABLE SIGN OF AVASCULARITY. OUR SUCCESS RATE IN CASES
\\'ITHOUT AVASCUIJ\R NECROSIS WAS (93%) , WHILE IT WAS (75%) IN THE PRESENCE OF' AVASCULAR NECROSIS. HENCE THE CON-CLUSIO~ \\'AS:TH E MODIFIED FREE BONE GRAFTING TECHNIQUE OF MATTI-RUSSE, WHICH WAS ORIGINALLY RECOMMENDED FOR THE
TREATM ENT OF SCAPHOID NONUNION, IS YET EFFECTIVE EVEN IN PRESENCE OF AVASCU LAR NECROSIS; AND WITH THIS TECHNIQUEFIXATION SEEMS UNf\ECESSARV.
UPDATE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PART II
Authors: EI-Zawawi Heba
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an au toimmune demydinating disease of the cemral nervous system the  aetiology of which remains so far unknown and which probably mvolves: .genetic, immune,_ inflammatory, as well as  environmental factors. OBJECTIVES: A review of the current and past ltterature on multiple sclerosis to provide a  concise and comprehensive educational resource mainly for postgraduate medica l students, but a lso for undergrad.  uate med ical colleges students as well as other medical practioners and their patients. The aim being to present a  simplified and clinically relevant summary of the main man ifestations, an_d ma~agement ofmulti~le sclerosis, with  an update on cu rrent theories of pathophysiology, aetiology: a nd the basis behind the therapeutic agents used in  current clinical practice. METHODS: The standard medical texts and journals relating lo MS were consulted as  well as reliance on own experience of patients attending the teaching hospitals, and clinics in Benghazi Libya with  a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Local a nd worldwide epidemiological published data were also reviewed. RESULTS:  The incidence of multiple sclerosis varies worldwide. Eastern Libya is an area of high risk MS incidence. The impor tance is emerging of a genetic role in the already known immune pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Diet and light  have regained importance in the aetiology of the disease. Investigations are advancing and help to differentiate the  

disease from other mimicking conditions. Biomarkers help to define diagnosis and determine prognosis. CONCLU SIONS: Multiple sclerosis is an important neurological disease with protean CNS manifestations which must be con sidered in the differential diagnosis of neurological symptoms at all ages: although commonly considered a disease  of young people, especially females. A countrywide database may help to collate efforts and resources, as well as  unify data regarding the number and presentation of patients, to assess their requirements.
Percutaneous upper tibial osteotomy for management of Genu Varum in pediatrics
Authors: Younes Sanad , Saad Ahmad
Published: December 2023

Introduction A large proportion of referral from primary care to pediatric orthopedic clinic involve bowed legs Gemu Varum). It is important for treating surgeon to understand the normal developmental pattern of a child's lower limbs in order to ascertain what is physiologic and what is pathologic. A common pathologic causes of genu varum includes Blount's disease, Rickets, Epiphyseal dysplasia and post-traumatic genu varum. Different types of surgical procedures have been described for correction of genu varum in pediatrics. Methods: In this study the authers have used a minimal invasive technique of percutaneous upper tibial osteotomy. we have operated twenty case of bilateral genu varum 40 tibiae). with a mean follow up of six months, correction was maintained by using cast only without any internal fixation.
قانون العقوبات بين الفكر المحافظ
Authors: سلامة د.مأمون
Published: December 2023

اذا كان قانون العقوبات يمثل أقصى درجات الحماية التشريعية للقيم والمصالح الاجتماعية من وجهة نظر المشرع ، فمن الطبيعي أن يتأثر في سياسته الجنائية وأسلوبه في حل المشكلات القانونية بالأفكار الفلسفية والسياسية التي تقوم عليها الدولة . فالمشرع بوصفه معبرة عن القوة السياسية الدولة في جوانبها المتعددة يملى ارادته عن طريق التشريع الذي به يكفل الحماية الفعالة لمصالح المجتمع ، وعن طريقه يحقق الأهداف التي يراها صالحة لتطوير المجتمع . ومن أجل ذلك فإن تأثر التشريعات بالمدارس الفقهية المتباينة انما يتوقف على مدى مواءمة الفكر القانوني الذي نادت به مع الأهداف التي تسعى الدولة إلى تحقيقها . 

وإذا كانت هذه الحقيقة هي التي قامت و تقوم عليها السياسة الجنائية في التشريعات المختلفة ، فإن دراسة الأفكار التي تقف وراء كل تشريع هو أمر لازم و ضروري لفهم الأبعاد المختلفة لتلك التشريعات خاصة اذا كنا قد تأثرنا ببعضها في قوانين الوضعية .
شروط قبول دعوى الإلغاء في القانون الإداري الليبي
Authors: عبد الهادي المجبري عبد السلام
Published: December 2023

نجد دعوى الالغاء أهمية خاصة في القانون العام باعتبارها الدعوى الأصلية فيه ومن هنا اطلق عليها اسم دعوى القانون العام .
وتظهر أهمية هذه الدعوى - من ناحية اخرى - في كونها الوسيلة القضائية الفعالة في الرقابة على اعمال الادارة . كما أنها تعتبر الضمان الحقيقي لتأكيد واحترام مبدأ الشرعية. وتأخذ دراسة دعوى الالغاء - في القانون الاداري الليبي ، وضعاً خاصاً نظرة للصعوبات التي يلقاها الباحث في هذا الموضوع . ويظهر اول هذه الصعوبات في عدم وجود ثروة فقهية متكاملة في نطاق القانون العام (۱) وهذا يمتد تأثيره فيشمل أي دراسة تتناول دعوى الألغاء في القانون الليبي ويؤثر عليها من ناحية نقص المراجع .
ويبقى بعد ذلك الأحكام القضائية التي تعتبر من المصادر الاساسية في هذه الدراسة. غير أن هذه الأحكام لا تكون هي الاخرى مجموعة من المبادىء التي تغطي كافة جوانب البحث، لان هناك بعض المسائل التي لم تسنح الفرصة لمحكمتنا العليا لكي تبدي رأيها فيها بعدم تعرضها لمنازعات في مثل تلك الموضوعات ومن هنا يعاني الباحث النقص في الاقضية التي تمثيل معيناً ضرورياً في هذا البحث.
LA PROPRIÉTÉ DANS LA SOCIÉTÉ SOCIALISTE
Authors: JEANTIN M.
Published: December 2023

La notion de propriété socialiste soulève un grand nombre difficultés. Outre que pour le juriste occidental la notion de opriété est plus ou moins inconsciemment perçe au travers de 

seule propriété capitaliste, il est difficile de cerner avec préci on le contenu exact de cette notion. Cette difficulté est liée au it que chez les auteurs marxistes et chez Marx lui même, le rme de propriété n'est pas, comme chez les juristes bourgeois, 1 terme uniquement juridique. La propriété en effet, doit, d'un pint de vue marxiste, être envisagée dans deux directions. C'est i premier lieu une notion économique qui, d'ailleurs, revêt gnifications. Dans un sens large elle constitue l'ensemble des rela ons sociales de production; dans un sens étroit elle est « prémisse E condition de la production ». Autrement dit elle traduit la Osition de chaque personne, de chaque individu par rapport, ux moyens de production considérés comme leur étant « propres ». 

’est en second lieu une notion juridique qui traduit l'idée d'une églementation des rapports économiques par le système juridique t ceci sous la forme d'un droit de propriété.
تقصير الشركاء في المنشآت الإنتاجية
Authors: سليمان د.محمد مصطفي
Published: December 2023

كلفت في هذه الدورة أن أتناول موضوع «المسئوليات التقصيرية للشركاء). والواقع أن مثل هذا العنوان قد لا يكون مناسبا، نظرا لغلبة الناحية الفنية عليه، ولانصراف مصطلح المسئولية التقصيرية - عندنا معشر القانونيين - الى مفهوم معين سأشير اليه فيما بعد. لذلك فإنني أفضل أن أضع عنوانا لهذا الحديث، يتسم بالعمومية، ويكون الحديث فيه أجدی والفائدة أعم. وقد اخترت له عنوان «تقصير الشركاء» . فأرجو من الله التوفيق في عرض الموضوع، وآمل منكم أن تساهموا في اثرائه من خلال الحوار والمناقشة . وبالمناسبة فان كلية القانون تنتظر منكم ايضا مساهمات اخرى في اثراء بحوثها وتوفير المادة العلمية لها ، وذلك من خلال اجابتكم على الاستفسارات والاستبيانات التي ستطلب منكم والمعلومات التي ننتظر أن تزودونا بها . ولعل هذه الدورة تكون بداية التعاون مثمر في هذا المجال بين الجامعة ، وعلى الأخص كلية القانون ، والمنشآت الشعبية ، لكي لا تكون مجهوداتنا نظرية بحتة ، بل على العكس، فإننا نريد لهذه البحوث أن تتفاعل مع الواقع العملي فتثريه وتأصله وتستفيد منه
A survey about the establishment of the Libyan Journal of Dentistry (LJD)
Authors: Mohamed Khadiga , Mohamed Mahfud , Saod Loai , Saoud Tarek
Published: December 2023

Aim: This questionnaire was performed to introduce LJD and to know the feedback of the readers about the firstpublished issue.Methods: About 75 copies of the questionnaire were distributed. Only 61 who were answered and returned. The collected answered questionnaire were tabled and analyzed.Results: About 72% of the respondents have heard about LJD, about 95% of them were believed in the importance of creating a LJD at this time, and 16% of them have accessed to our journal web site.
Oral Health Related Quality of Life Among Libyan Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: El-Refadi Roba , Greiw Azza , Herwis Khadija
Published: December 2023

Background: In Libya, assessments of oral health needs were entirely based on traditional clinical measures which failed to identify the perceived impact of oral disorders within population.

Objectives: This study intended to study the association of Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHQoL) and some of the demographic factors and to reveal out the effect of oral health on the life of Libyan adults among Libyan adults

accessing private and government health services.

Subjects and Methods: A random sample of 778 adults aged 18-65years, from the outpatient department of private and governmental clinics/hospitals in Benghazi, were subjected to structured questionnaire comprising the Arabic version of the UK-Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHQoL-UK).

Results: 63.5% of the participants were females, 36.5% were males. Mean age of the participants were 35 SD±12 years.53.1% of the respondents were from private clinics and hospitals, while 46.9% were from governmental hospitals. There were no significance differences between both clinical setting attainders regarding physical, psychological and social aspects.

Conclusion: The present research found that Libyan adults do not perceive many effects and only perceive moderate impact on their lives, as influenced by oral health. The present study also found that the demographic characteristics of gender influenced their perceptions of effects and impact on oral health.
Effect of Soft-start Curing Mode on Postoperative Hypersensitivity of Class I Posterior Composites Restorations
Authors: Betamar Naeima , Shah Rupal
Published: December 2023

Objectives: To evaluate the occurrence of postoperative hypersensitivity (POH) in Class I posterior composite restorations comparing the soft-start with the constant light curing modes. Materials and Methods: Seventy patients with each having contra lateral class I occlusal caries lesions in premolars and molars teeth were participated. 140 class I cavity preparations were restored with Adper™ Single Bond 2 adhesive and Filtek™ Z250 XT resin composite (3M-ESPE). For each patient, one restoration was cured with soft-start mode and the contralateral restoration was cured with constant curing modes using Light Emitting Diode (LED) curing light. POH to various stimuli was evaluated at week 1, 4, and 13 post-treatment using Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Data were collected and analyzed by Chi-Square and Fischer Exact tests.

Results: No statistical significant differences were observed between the two curing modes (soft-start or constant) in occurrence of postoperative hypersensitivity (P>0.05). Out of 140 restorations that were placed, only two (1.4 %) restorations reported POH to cold stimuli at week 1 post-treatment, being in mild; VAS=3 for soft-start and moderate; VAS=5 for constant light curing mode. No POH was reported at week 4 and 13 for soft-start or constant curing modes.

Conclusion: Soft-start curing mode did not show any difference in occurrence of POH in class I posterior composite restorations when compared with constant curing mode.
Stability of two self-drilling Orthodontic Temporary Anchorage Devices (TAD) assessed by Histomorphometric Changes
Authors:   benghazi of unvistry, Mohamed Mahfud , Maher Amer ,   benghazi of unvistry
Published: December 2023

Aims: This work was aimed to evaluate bone density around two types of self-drilling orthodontic miniscrews in mongrel dogs. Materials and methods: two groups of TADs were inserted in the maxillae of six mongrel dogs. Group 1: six tapered self-drilling miniscrews, each of which was inserted in the right buccal side between the roots of the maxillary third premolar (P3). Group 2: Six cylindrical self-drilling miniscrews, each of which was inserted in the right buccal side between the roots of the maxillary first molar (M1 ). All of the TADs were inserted parallel to the occlusal plane. Occlusal radiographic views were taken at different time intervals: pre-insertion, just after insertion (T0), after 4 weeks (T1), after 8 weeks (T2) and after 12 weeks (T3). Using IDRISI Kilimanjaro computer software, the peri-implant area surrounding the apical one third of miniscrew was studied measuring the amount of grey shade. Bone density was measure in five areas (zone1 through zone 5) around the apical 1/3 of the TADs. Paired t- test was used to compare the measurements of the bone density pre-insertion of TADs between roots of M1 and P3, and the bone density post-insertion of TADs in the cylindrical and tapered TAD. The unpaired t-test was used to evaluate the difference in bone density of each zone around the tapered TAD and it correspondent zone around the cylindrical TAD. Results: the significance of the scheduled differences between means of bone density around group1 and group 2 were variable, indicating that the bone density depends on several factors. Conclusion: TAD design has an influence on the bone density. Cylindrical TADs have more bone density around than tapered TADs.
Radiographic Assessment of Distomolar Prevalence in Patients Attending to Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi
Authors: Areibi Aisha , Buzaribah Khadeejah , Eltira Aziza , Ali Fowziya
Published: December 2023

Background: Extra teeth are usually seen in any area of mandible and maxilla. The distomolar is an extra

tooth that occurs in both jaws distal to the third molar, where various studies pointed to assess the occur-rence of distomolars in various people. Objectives: Aimed to estimate the frequency of distomolars in teeth

of patient attending to Faculty of Dentistry, University of BenghaziMethods: A total of 3989 panoramic radiographs were examined for patient’s age ranged from 20 yearsand above. The presences, location and shape of distomolars were studied. There were 1432 women and2557 men. Results: The outcomes of the study showed that distomolars were detected in 0.18% of theexamined people. The extra teeth were noticed in both genders with frequency 0.08% in men and 0.10%in women. In total, 9 extra teeth were detected in 7 patients. Upper jaw distomolars were more frequentlyobserved than lower one. Distomolars in both quadrants of the jaw were found in one female patient andtwo distomolars were found in another one. All distomolars were impacted.Conclusions: Even though the occurrence of the extra teeth is a little, initial exploration and managementare significantly diminish or avoid problems, such as late eruption, non-eruption of teeth, ectopic eruption,abnormal root development or resorption of neighbouring teeth, crowding and cystic lesions.
The impact of sociodemographic characteristics on oral health behaviors of dental graduates
Authors: Arheiam Dr.Arheiam , A Alobeidi Dr.Badr , A Gaber Dr.Amal , A Musrat Dr.Ahmed , Garoush Dr.Sufyan , A Benali Dr. Nada , S Saad Dr.Suleiman
Published: December 2023

Background: To assess and compare oral health behaviors (OHB) of final year dental students in private and state-run dental schools in Benghazi city, Libya.
Methods: Students from private and state-run dental schools were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire including closed ended questions regarding socio-demographics and OHBs was used. The main OHBs explored were teeth brushing, the usage of fluoridated toothpaste, dental flossing, sugar consumption, dental visiting and smoking habit. Binary logistic regression models were utilized to explore associations between OHBs and socio-demographic variables
Results: Out of 240 students invited, only 199 completed questionnaires were analyzed (effective response rate was 83%). The majority of the students were females (80%) who brushed their teeth daily (90.5%) and used fluoridated toothpaste (80.2%) while 30.2 % of them used dental floss and only 7% were smokers. Females were more likely to use fluoridated toothpaste (OR = 2.67, 95% CI = 1.21 – 5.97) and visit a dentist (OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.21 – 4.42) compared to males, and students in the private dental school consumed more sugary-snacks per day (OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.52 – 6.75) than those who studied in state schools.
Conclusion: Socio-demographic variables such as gender and type of school were associated to certain oral health behaviors of dental students.
Lateral Odontogenic Keratocyst Clinically Diagnosed as a Dentigerous Cyst (A case report and literature review)
Authors: Haroun Ghada , Elmurtadi Ali
Published: December 2023

Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) has been an area of considerable research over the last decades owing to its unique behavior, debated origin, distinctive tendency to recur, and argued nature.  In 2005, WHO has adopted the designation of keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) because of its aggressive nature and tendency to recur, so, it has been long been considered as a benign jaw neoplasm rather than a cyst, though the last classification has returned the OKC back to cyst category. It is not uncommon for OKC to be clinically and radiographically identical to dentigerous cyst which makes the initial diagnosis rather confusing; however, in our reported case another interesting and an unusual feature was the arrival of an intact cyst attached to the neck of an impacted tooth which has further drawn the attention toward the dentigerous cyst, particularly the lateral type. The final diagnosis was made following the microscopic examination of the surgical specimen which was almost convincing and consistent with OKC. The clinical, radiological and histological features of this pathological entity along with brief relevant studies have been discussed.
Influence of Different Placement Techniques of Bulk-fill Resin Composite on Microleakage of Class II Cavity Preparation
Authors: Bubteina Nagat , I. Faraj Manal , M. Betamar Naeima
Published: December 2023

Aim: To evaluate the microleakage at the gingival seat of the class II cavity restored with bulk-fill resin composite using different placement techniques.

Materials and Methods: Two standardized class II cavities (MO and DO) were prepared in forty sound extracted human premolars. The cervical margin of the proximal box is located at 1 mm occlusal to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). The prepared teeth were divided into four groups of 10 teeth each (n=20 cavities) and restored with Tetric N-Bond total-etch adhesive, followed by resin composite, Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-fill placed in four different techniques: GpI; as bulk-fill in a single increment, GpII; horizontal layering, GpIII; oblique (wedge-shaped) layering, GpIV; vertical layering. All restored teeth were stored in distilled water for 24h at 37ºC, thermocycled, and then soaked in 2% methylene blue dye for 24h. Teeth were then sectioned for microleakage evaluation using a stereomicroscope. Data were collected and statistically analyzed. Two specimens from each group were selected at random and examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for marginal adaptation of restoration.

Results: No statistically significant differences in the microleakage score were observed between the four placement techniques (P=0.610). However, bulk placement had the highest mean and median score (3.0 ±1.45&4). The horizontal, oblique, and vertical techniques had lower scores than bulk placement (2.30±1.81, 2.6±1.66, 2.45±1.61) respectively.

Conclusions: Microleakage could not be eliminated by any of the tested placement techniques. Incremental placement techniques showed a lower score of microleakage compared with the bulk placement. The horizontal layering of bulk-fill composite showed the best results in terms of the marginal seal with tooth structure.
Remineralization of Dentine using Nanoparticles: A New Era of Dentistry
Authors: Betamar Naeima M.
Published: December 2023

Letter to editor
Meta-Model Based Scaling Laws of a Two-Winding Transformer
Authors: Tahir Ahmed
Published: December 2023

Recently, there has been growing interest in system-based global optimization techniques for the design of small systems such as micro-grids. To reduce the search space of the global optimization technique, a meta-model based scaling law was introduced. In this paper, a scaling technique was derived in which a transformer mass and power loss were expressed in terms of rated power, specified current density, and frequency. Curve-fitting techniques were used to derive a meta-model for the scaled mass and power loss. To achieve more generality, the meta-model was also defined as a function of frequency.
Designand Implementation of Networked Control SystemviaEthernetforSelf Excited Induction Generator Using OPC Server
Authors: El-Manife Abdalla , Almoshity Salwa
Published: December 2023

Induction generators are increasingly being used in nonconventional energy systems such as wind, micro/mini hydro, etc. The advantages of using an induction generator instead of a synchronous generator are well known. Some of them are reduced unit cost and size, ruggedness, brushless (in squirrel cage construction), absence of separate dc source, ease of maintenance, self-protection against severe overloads and short circuits, etc. In isolated systems, squirrel cage induction generators with capacitor excitation, known as self-excited induction generators (SEIGs), are very popular. Remotely control applications over a wide area had been commonly used in the industries today. One of the common applications requires remote control and monitoring is output voltage control of SEIGs supplied insensitive frequency loads. Drive system has various types of controller, in order to perform some actions such as control the speed to control the output voltage of SEIGs, switching On or Off loads supplied by the generator. This control system can be done by Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), and with the rise of the technology, Ethernet module will be used in order to achieve the remotecontrol system. Plus the PLC today can be controlled not only using its original software, but 3rd party software as well, such as LabVIEW). LabVIEW is a human machine interfaces design software that is user friendly. It can be easily communicate with different hardware using OLE for Process Control (OPC) server.
Using Hazard-Based Duration Models to investigate the Impacts of RUC on Libyan Drivers Travel Patterns
Authors: Safour Aziza
Published: December 2023

This paper studies the perceived impacts of road user charging (RUC) on drivers daily activity travel patterns in urban areas by using one of the large Libyan cities (Benghazi) as the case study. The analysis uses full parametric hazard models and data from a field-based RUC experiment that was conducted in Benghazi. The database consists of activity-based travel durations. This paper focuses on the analysis of the durations of drivers travel-to-work trips and addresses the changes on the patterns of driver’s trips over the study period to investigate the differences attributable to origin (home-based), time, gender and age as a result of the RUC impacts. The results indicate that RUC can have a positive impact in reducing traffic congestion with reduction of driver’s trips crossing restricted areas during peak period by around 35.5%. The paper concludes that RUC could serve as a good instrument in reducing traffic congestion and in improving the environment in city centre of Benghazi. The results could be of benefit to transport policy makers.
An Implementation of Fuzzy Logic Technique to Predict the Material Removal Rate in Abrasive Water Jet Machining Process
Authors: Elmabrok Omar , Badi Abdel
Published: December 2023

In this study, the material removal rate values, obtained using machining abrasive water jet (AWJM), were modelled using fuzzy logic. The input variables considered are pressure, abrasive flow rate, orifice diameter, focusing tube diameter and standoff distance while the output variable was material removal rate (MRR). Fuzzy logic was developed using  Matlab 2013.The mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) of the predicted values was employed to compare the results with the previously published results obtained using response surface method technique. . The results showed that the predictive model using fuzzy logic model has reduced the errors by 0.28%, which means, using fuzzy logic model to predict material removal rate is sufficiently accurate.
Modelling and Simulation of Multistage Flash Desalination Plants
Authors: Abujazyah Wael
Published: December 2023

This study describes the mathematical model developed for evaluating the performance of multistage flash (MSF) desalination plants at steady state operation. The governing equations are linearized and are arranged in a tridiagonal matrix form. The solution of these equations are obtained by a computer code written in visual basic language with friendly user format developed for this purpose. This code can predict the plant productivity with profiles of temperatures and flow rates for all stages in the unit. The present results were compared with some previous results presented in literature, and with the design data of MSF plant existed in Benghazi city. The comparisons show good agreement with these available data.
Economic Evaluation of Mixed C4’sUpgrading Processes. (Raslanuf Ethylene Plant as a Case Study)
Authors: Salem Isam
Published: December 2023

Reducing the operating cost (opex) is a method implemented by Ethylene producers to keep ethylene prices from expensive feedstock more competitive in comparison with cheaper feed stocks like ethane. Alternatively economics maybe improved by upgrading the mixed C4 stream which is produced from ethylene plant and contains valuable unsaturated C4s such as butadiene, isobutylene, butene-1, and butene-2. There are different processing options available to recover these components or turn them into final products. These processing options or routes are combination of different chemical processes such as Total hydrogenation, Butadiene extraction, MTBE production form butylenes, Butane-1 recovery and other processes. Several upgrading options have been proposed and evaluated for Raslanuf ethylene plant c4 feed of about 130000 tonne/y. Internal rate of return IRR , payback time or period PBP, and the net present value NPV, all have been estimated for options which can be implemented at the site; butadiene extraction and metathesis. Because base case results were not definitive, sensitivity analysis was performed. The parameters investigated are sales prices; feed cost, construction time and total investment. .The results suggest butadiene extraction is the best processing option for processing Raslanuf mixed C4 stream.
Gene targeted and immune therapies for nodal and gastrointestinal follicular lymphomas
Authors: Watanabe Takuya
Published: December 2023

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common indolent B-cell lymphoma (BCL) globally. Recently, its incidence has increased in Europe, the United States, and Asia, with the number of gastrointestinal FL cases expected to increase. Genetic abnormalities related to t(14;18) translocation, BCL2 overexpression, NF-κB pathway-related factors, histone acetylases, and histone methyltransferases cause FL and enhance its proliferation. Meanwhile, microRNAs are commonly used in diagnosing FL and predicting patient prognosis. Many clinical trials on novel therapeutics targeting these genetic abnormalities and immunomodulatory mechanisms have been conducted, resulting in a marked improvement in therapeutic outcomes for FL. Although developing these innovative therapeutic agents targeting specific genetic mutations and immune pathways has provided hope for curative options, FL treatment has become more complex, requiring combinatorial therapeutic regimens. However, optimal treatment combinations have not yet been achieved, highlighting the importance of a complete under-standing regarding the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal FL. Accordingly, this article reviews key research on the molecular pathogenesis of nodal FL and novel therapies targeting the causative genetic mutations. Moreover, the results of clinical trials are summarized, with a particular focus on treating nodal and gastrointestinal FLs.
The Use of Religious Memes on the Internet in Islamic Preaching by Millennial Da’i in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Nurdin Nurdin , Godal Munif
Published: December 2023

Digital media development has encouraged religious scholars to utilize memes for religious teaching distribution. Muslim scholars or Ulama have also used memes to disseminate Islamic teaching in their preaching activities. This study, therefore, discusses the use of religious memes in Islamic preaching by millennial Ulama in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study used a qualitative approach, and the data was gathered through focus group discussion, in-depth interviews with millennial Ulama, and the netnography approach. The use of netnograpgy was intended to examine the millennial ulama activities in online space when they use social media sites for their interaction while they deliver Islamic preaching. The results of this study show that millennial Ulama has intensively used memes to provide Islamic teachings. Islamic teaching that is distributed through memes can be categorized based on five Islamic pillars. The content of the memes includes Islamic teaching relating to tawhid, the invitation to perform five times daily prayer, fasting during Ramadhan month, paying zakat or alms, and performing Hajj. The millennial Ulama also shares memes that contain various Dua that can be recited in Muslim daily life. We conclude that the distribution of Islamic teaching through the use of memes has supported the distribution of Islamic teaching wider geographically, and the memes also help the spread of Islamic teaching across geographic.
La gestación subrogada y los desafíos de establecer la filiación: jurisprudencia y doctrina del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Duran Trigos Aritz
Published: December 2023

La gestación subrogada es una práctica cada vez más extendida sobre la que no existe consenso social ni político. La filiación de los menores nacidos mediante esta técnica plantea grandes dificultades tanto a nivel jurídico como ético, especialmente de aquellos nacidos en un estado extranjero, pues encontraremos situaciones que enfrentan un juicio donde se ha de determinar si prevalece la norma nacional o lo éticamente exigible, es decir, el reconocimiento de la filiación. Está claro que los estados deben garantizar el interés superior del menor así como el correcto desarrollo de su identidad. Por esto, el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos(TEDH) ha dado una respuesta clara a los casos planteados: Los estados han de garantizar el derecho a la vida privada del menor, protegido en el artículo 8 de la Convención Europea de Derechos Humanos(CEDH), garantizando, pues, el correcto desarrollo de su identidad, y siempre velando por su interés superior.
El caso A.M. v. Noruega, viene a confirmar la línea jurisprudencial seguida por el Tribunal en estos casos, asegurando, así, que el reconocimiento del vínculo de filiación con al menos uno de los padres intencionales es garantía suficiente de la protección del derecho a la vida privada del menor.
Violencia obstétrica y derechos humanos: reflexiones en torno a la sentencia Brítez Arce y otros Vs. Argentina, de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Gerbaldo María Victoria
Published: December 2023

El presente artículo analiza la sentencia Brítez Arce y otros Vs. Argentina, emitida por un tribunal internacional, y su impacto en el sistema jurídico tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. Se examinarán los aspectos clave de la sentencia, incluidos los antecedentes del caso y los principales argumentos de la sentencia. Además, se abordarán los desafíos y las oportunidades que esta sentencia presenta para el desarrollo de los derechos humanos y el sistema de justicia internacional.
¿Violencia obstétrica? Un caso más
Authors: Strada Lourdes Isabel
Published: December 2023

El Estado Argentino reconoce las violaciones en perjuicio de Cristina Brítez Arce y sus dos hijos en el ámbito del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, sobre las cuales se expide la Corte IDH en esta sentencia. Cristina era una mujer de 38 años que transitaba un embarazo riesgoso en virtud de su edad y de su antecedente de hipertensión arterial. Sin embargo, su diagnóstico y tratamiento fueron equivocados y ello condujo a su fallecimiento y a la consecuente desintegración de su familia que luego de iniciar varios procesos judiciales, recién obtuvo justicia 30 años después, dado que la muerte de la Sra. Brítez fue en el año 1992 y la sentencia objeto de este artículo es del año 2022.
La adopción como respuesta a los desafíos de la gestación subrogada transfronteriza: Observaciones críticas a la STS 277/2022, de 31 de marzo
Authors: Sánchez Martín Álvaro
Published: December 2023

El presente análisis tiene por objeto examinar la problemática que conlleva el reconocer la inscripción de la filiación de menores a las madres por deseo que acuden a la praxis de la gestación subrogada en terceros países. A pesar del rechazo mostrado por el Tribunal Supremo a los acuerdos que regulan las relaciones privadas en este tipo de negocios, en el caso concreto, sugiere incoar un proceso de adopción sobre la criatura objeto del negocio siguiendo la estela de dos casos recientes resueltos por el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos. Una respuesta que no parece satisfacer a ninguna de los sujetos involucrados si atendemos a los diferentes derechos e intereses en juego. De este modo, el trabajo pretende resaltar las deficiencias argumentales sobre las que se construye el sentido del fallo de la STS 277/2022, de 31 de marzo.
Medicina prepaga: la mala fe del afiliado y su consecuencia jurídica
Authors: Aguirre Cinthia N.
Published: December 2023

En el presente comentario a fallo nos proponemos abordar la decisión adoptada por la Cámara Federal de Mar del Plata y la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación en relación a la consecuencia jurídica que tiene el hecho de que un afiliado a la medicina prepaga haya obrado sin buena fe al momento de completar su declaración jurada de afiliación. En ese sentido, nuestro máximo tribunal, adhiriendo a lo expresado por el Procurador Fiscal, resolvió que el caso se encuentra contemplado en la norma, la que es clara y no exige mayor esfuerzo interpretativo y que le atribuye a la conducta engañosa una específica consecuencia, que es la facultad de la empresa de rescindir la relación contractual. Sentadas esas bases, concluimos en que a fin de conservar el vínculo entre las partes, que tiene como objeto la protección a la salud, resulta necesario repensar la sanción dispuesta por la norma y su reemplazo por otra pecuniaria, a la vez que, en el estado actual, advertimos la pertinencia de cuestionar la adecuación constitucional de la norma a la luz de los derechos humanos.
Bloques de concreto con adición de ceniza de caña de azúcar y concreto reciclado en Lambayeque, Perú
Authors: Roman Neira Ader Disney , Mendoza Rojas Guzman
Published: December 2023

El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar las propiedades de resistencia a la compresión, flexión y tracción de bloques de concreto convencionales y adicionados con ceniza de caña de azúcar más escombrera (CCAE); la dosis de remplazo es respecto al peso en proporciones de 0%, 5%, 10% y 15% respectivamente, el estudio es experimental, la población muestra fue 180 bloques de concreto, los instrumentos como medio fueron moldes y equipos de laboratorio de suelos. El resultado es una resistencia a la compresión de 51.08, 42.58, 53.79 y 46.23 Kg/cm2  respectivamente a los 28 días, resistencia a la flexión de 5.80, 4.44, 6.19, 5.22 kg/cm2 respectivamente a los 28 días y una resistencia a la tracción de 1.03, 0.91, 1.09, 0.96 kg/cm2 respectivamente a los 28 días, la ceniza y el concreto reciclado tienen una influencia del 10%. Finalmente, obtuvimos que la adición del 10% de CCACR tiene mejores resultados respecto a la muestra estándar (0% de CCACR), además cumple con norma E.070 de albañilería pudiendo trabajar como bloque no portante y portante.
Análisis comparativo del sistema estructural de una edificación de cinco niveles asignada para laboratorios
Authors: Rupay Vargas Marcos Josue , Limachi Rivera Sofia Loren , Pérez Amaya Anghela Lucía , Chavez Paucarcaja Hanz Smith
Published: December 2023

El objetivo de la investigación fue realizar el análisis comparativo de sistemas estructurales de una edificación de cinco niveles asignada para laboratorios, en la cual se buscó contrastar resultados de los cálculos estructurales del proyecto con el análisis propio del grupo de trabajo. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se consideró los temarios realizados en el curso de Análisis Estructural II correspondiente a la Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Selva Central Juan Santos Atahualpa, en la cual se emplearon temas originales como Sistema Estructural, Elementos Estructurales, Tipos de Sistemas Estructurales, Desplazamientos y Deformaciones, así también la Normativa Vigente E. 030 Diseño Sismorresistente, la cual brinda los parámetros para el cálculo del sistema estructural. Se empleo la metodología aplicada para verificar el tipo de elemento estructural (vigas, columnas, albañilería confinada) en el comportamiento de la edificación y se detalló los pasos realizados para la obtención de resultados por medio del Software Etabs v22. Finalmente, se verificó los resultados, en la cual en el eje “x”, coinciden los datos obtenidos, mientras que en el eje “y”, no coinciden.
Caracterización nutricional de hojuelas de harina de plátano verde (Musa paradisiaca), enriquecida con harina de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa)
Authors: Díaz Ruíz Paola Geraldine , Zuloeta Campos Jahayra Nicolle
Published: December 2023

El objetivo de la investigación fue caracterizar el valor nutricional y las características sensoriales de hojuelas de harina de plátano verde (Musa paradisiaca), enriquecido con harina de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa). Se realizaron tres formulaciones con diferentes porcentajes de harina de plátano (30, 35, 40%) y harina de quinua (15, 10, 5%). Las hojuelas se hornearon a 150 ºC durante 20 minutos. Se evaluaron el porcentaje de proteínas, porcentaje de materia grasa, energía total, porcentaje de carbohidratos totales, características fisicoquímicas de humedad y ceniza. Las características sensoriales de masticabilidad, dureza, color, sabor y olor se evaluaron con 80 consumidores constituido por niños. El porcentaje de ceniza de las hojuelas se encontraron entre 1.52-1.67% y de humedad 2.08-4.29%; carbohidratos totales 83.76-85.44%; proteínas 6.14-5.15% y energía total 413.15-397.54 Kcal/100g. Así mismo, no presentaron diferencias significativas para las características sensoriales en todos los tratamientos. Las combinaciones de harina de plátano y quinua, dieron como resultado hojuelas con adecuado valor sensorial para los parámetros de color, olor, sabor; considerándose una alternativa viable para ser un alimento complementario, reforzando la ingesta de nutrientes.
Elementos para Desarrollar el Primer Proyecto de Investigación en Derecho para Estudiantes Universitarios
Authors: Cosetl Osorio Luz del Carmen
Published: December 2023

El primer reto al que se enfrentan los estudiantes universitarios al ingresar a la Licenciatura en Derecho es empezar a elaborar tareas de investigación con un rigor científico. Aunque hayan estudiado asignaturas en preparatoria relacionadas con la metodología, al momento de poner en práctica lo aprendido surgen dudas sobre todo al aplicar la metodología de la investigación al Derecho. Aunado a lo anterior existen muchos mitos alrededor de la investigación científica, esta actividad con el tiempo parece haber sido captada por unas cuantas personas calificadas como aptas para realizarla de manera profesional. Sin embargo, si se quiere generar conocimiento científico en el derecho, criminología, ciencias políticas y demás ciencias jurídicas, se debe empezar a generar confianza entre los estudiantes y docentes universitarios de que todos los seres humanos son aptos para convertirse en investigadores, sólo necesitan: imaginación, disciplina y conocer y dominar aspectos muy básicos de la metodología de la investigación, los cuales se desarrollan en el presente trabajo.
ANALGESIC POWER OF THE INSOLUBLE FRACTION N-HEXANE OF MELINJO LEAVES (Gnetum gnemon L.) IN SWISS MICE (Mus musculus)
Authors: Firmansyah Deni , Amelia Renny , Indriaty Sulistiorini , Rohadi Didi , Zamzam Muhammad Yani , Fauziah Rizqia Shafa
Published: December 2023

Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) contains various secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Flavonoids function as analgesics and inhibit cyclooxygenase enzymes, which reduce prostaglandin production and pain. This study aimed to determine the analgesic power of the n-hexane-insoluble fraction of melinjo leaves (Gnetum gnemon L.) as an effective analgesic in male white mice (Mus musculus) and to determine the most effective analgesic dose. This research was conducted using test animals of 25 male white mice (Mus musculus) divided into 5 groups, each consisting of 5 mice. The negative control group (Na-CMC) was 0.5%, the positive control group received a mefenamic acid dose of 65 kg/BW, and the insoluble fraction hexane group (ifh) received doses of 50 mg/kg BW, 100 mg/kg BW, and 200 mg/kg BW. The chemical stimulus was administered at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight acetic acid. The number of wriggles in male white mice (Mus musculus) was measured every 10 minutes for 60 minutes. The results of the study showed a significant difference between the negative control (Na-CMC 0.5%) and various doses of insoluble fraction hexane groups, while the positive control (mefenamic acid 65 mg/kg BB) showed no difference with ifh doses of 100 mg/kg BB and 200 mg/kg BB ...
Development of Student Worksheets Based on Etno-STEM on Sound Waves
Authors: Sari Sri Wahyuni Juyka , Palittin Ivylentine D , Henukh Anderias
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and legibility of the Ethno-STEM LKPD based on sound wave material. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with a 4D development model (Define, Design, Development, Disseminate) which is limited to three stages, namely define, design and development. The subjects in this study were students of class XI in several schools in Merauke, totaling 35 students. The result of this research is LKPD based on Ethno-STEM sound wave material. The results of material expert validation are 111.5 in the very appropriate category, media expert validation is 88 in the appropriate category, and the results of the readability test are 87% in the very feasible category. So it can be concluded that the Ethno-STEM-based LKPD on sound wave material is very suitable for use in the physics learning process of sound wave material.
Impelementation of Scientific Based Prezi Presentation Media to Improve Creative Thinking Skills of Class 8th Students of SMPN 6 Makassar
Authors: Saputra Rezwandy Wahyudi , Tawil Muh. , Arsyad Arie Arma
Published: December 2023

This study aims to determine (1) the magnitude of the increase in students' creative thinking skills after applying scientific-based Prezi presentation media. (2) large Effect Size of the application of scientific-based Prezi presentation media to improve students' creative thinking skills (3) a significant increase in the average score of students' creative thinking skills after applying scientific-based Prezi presentation media (4) there is no difference in the average score of creative thinking skills of grade VIII G and class VIII H students after applying scientific-based Prezi presentation media. The population was all class VIII SMPN 6 Makassar consisting of 11 classes with a total of 381 people.The sample in the study VIII G consisted of 35 students and VIII H consisting of 31 students with a total sample of 66 students. The test used is an essay test obtained from pretest and posttest data analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistic.The results of this study were: (1) Improvement of creative thinking skills of students in class VIII Hi SMPN 6 Makassar who were taught using Scientifically based Prezi presentation media obtained N-Gain, which is 0.46 in the medium category. (2) the level of results of the Effect Size analysis of students after the application of Scientifically-based Prezi presentation media in the learning process is 4.48 for class VIII G and 4.68 for class VIII H which is in the Strong Effect category. (3) there was a significant increase in the average score after the application of scientific-based Prezi presentation media. (4) There is no difference in the average N-Gain score of creative thinking skills between class VIII G and class VIII H because both classes are given the same treatment, which is taught using scientific-based Prezi presentation media. This shows that the application of Prezi presentation media can improve students' creative thinking skills.