bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of emerging trends in artificial intelligence for education in Nigeria
Authors: Bali Bulus , Garba Etemi Joshua , Ahmadu Asabe Sandra , Takwate Kwaji Tizhe , Malgwi Yusuf Musa
Published: December 2024

In the domain of education, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has ushered in a paradigm shift towards a more technologically-driven landscape, demonstrating its efficacy as an emergent strategy. The pervasive influence of computer technology has catalyzed a surge in online learning within the country, yielding positive educational outcomes. Despite these advancements, a considerable number of educational institutions in Nigeria have yet to leverage AI technologies. Recognizing the expanding significance of AI in education, this study seeks to align with this trajectory by aggregating instances of AI implementation in education from developed countries. The methodology employed involves a comprehensive review of current advancements in AI applications within the Nigerian educational context. The review process, spanning papers retrieved from four digital libraries published between 2008 and 2022, culminated in the inclusion of 74 papers. These selected papers demonstrated the utilization of AI software tools and technologies, adhering to predefined exclusion and inclusion criteria. The findings of the study reveal a prevalent use of AI technologies in education in Nigeria, encompassing evolutionary software modelling, student performance prediction, multimedia e-learning platforms and frameworks, and the incorporation of Moodle learning. This discernible trend indicates a growing demand for the application of AI technology in the educational landscape of Nigeria. However, the study highlights a discrepancy: sophisticated AI techniques like intelligent tutoring systems, learnable robots, web-based educational systems, and advanced learning management systems are infrequently applied in Nigeria. The study suggests that Nigerian educational institutions should adopt AI practices from advanced nations to enhance student learning and bridge the gap in AI integration.
Medication errors and their related aspects in antibiotic drugs used in pediatric inpatients with chest infections in the pediatric ward of a government hospital in a developing country: a prospective, cross-sectional study
Authors: Alsaqqaf Baraah , Alakhali Khaled
Published: December 2024

Background and aim

Children are particularly vulnerable to medication errors, with a greater risk of harm in young children and infants. These errors can lead to severe morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate medication errors, specifically antibiotic medications, and their related aspects among pediatric patients hospitalized with chest infections at Alsabeen Hospital in Sanaa, Yemen.

Method

A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in a public hospital’s pediatric ward between 29 January and 29 July 2024. The study population consisted of pediatric inpatients aged 0–16 years. 119 pediatric inpatients were admitted to the hospital during the study period.

Key findings

From 119 study participants, 993 medication errors were identified. Medication errors (MEs) frequently occurred at the prescribing stage 459 (46.22%). The most common types of MEs were wrong rate 250 (25.2%), monitoring error (clinical) 177 (17.83%), and wrong strength/concentration 143 (14.4%). The presence of disease comorbidity indicates that 93 (78%) don’t have comorbidities, being male 68 (57.1%), and have a length of stay of 2–7 days 84 (70.5%). These factors were found to be independent predictors of the occurrence of medication errors.

Conclusion

Medication errors were prevalent among pediatric inpatients diagnosed with chest infections. Factors such as comorbidities, and length of hospitalization were found to be linked to the occurrence of medication errors. To minimize these errors, we suggest the utilization of e-prescribing, medication reconciliation, creating local antibiograms, and activating the clinical pharmacist's role in the hospital setting, which is crucial.
A new candidate for the regulation of erythropoiesis
Authors: Kurtz Armin , Jelkmann Wolfgang , Bauer Christian
Published: July 2002

The effect of pure human insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF I) on the colony formation of late stage erythroid precursor cells (CFU‐e) from fetal mouse liver and adult bone marrow was studied in a serum‐free culture system. We found that IGF I in physiological concentrations stimulated erythroid colony formation. The combined effect of IGF I and erythropoietin was smaller than the sum of their single effects. The number of colonies induced by IGF I was linearly dependent on the number of plated cells. Our results indicate that IGF I is the first early defined mitogen that stimulates the late stages of erythroid differentiation independently of erythropoietin.
The reactivity of cytochrome c with soft ligands
Authors: Schejter Abel , Plotkin Batya , Vig Ida
Published: July 2002

The spectral changes caused by binding soft ligands to the cytochrome c iron and their correlation to ligand affinities support the hypothesis that the iron—methionine sulfur bond of this heme protein is enhanced by delocalization of the metal l2, electrons into the empty 3d orbitals of the ligand atom. These findings also explain the unique spectrum of cytochrome c in the far red.
Loss of transcription factor AP‐1 DNA binding activity during lymphocyte aging in vivo
Authors: Sikora Ewa , Kamińska Bożena , Radziszewska Ewa , Kaczmarek Leszek
Published: July 2002

The main feature of cellular senescence is cessation of cell proliferation. Protooncogene c‐fos, which is required for the cell to enter into DNA synthesis, is repressed in senescent fibroblasts. Diminished expression of c‐fos and impaired formation of AP‐1, which is a complex of c‐Fos and c‐Jun proteins acting as a transcription factor, was found in lymphocytes derived from old (> 18 months) mice and stimulated with Con A. There were no differences in c‐jun expression and formation of other transcription factors (AP‐2 and AP‐3) between lymphocytes isolated front old and young mice.
Purification and characterization of a fibrinogenolytic serine proteinase from Aspergillus fumigatus culture filtrate
Authors: Larcher Gérald , Bouchara Jean-Philippe , Annaix Véronique , Symoens Françoise , Chabasse Dominique , Tronchin Guy
Published: July 2002

A fibrinogenolytic proteinase has been isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus culture filtrate by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by successive chromatographics on Sephadex G‐75 and immobilized phenylalanine. The purified proteinase exhibited a molecular weight of about 33 kDa. When analysed by SDS‐polyacrylamide gels containing co‐polymerized fibrinogen, the proteinase appeared as a broad band at the top of the gels, which could correspond to polymerization of the enzyme, as suggested by SDS‐PAGE analysis of the unboiled eluate. The isoelectric point was 8.75 and the enzyme was not glycosylated. Proteinase activity was optimum at pH 9 and between 37 and 42°C, although a decrease in activity was observed above 37°C. PMSF and chymostatin markedly inhibited the proteinase activity, and good kinetic constants were obtained for the synthetic substrate, N‐Suc‐Ala‐Ala‐Pro‐Phe‐pNA. These results provide direct evidence that this enzyme belongs to the chymotrypsin‐like serine proteinase group.
Reversal of peptide backbone direction may result in the mirroring of protein structure
Authors: Guptasarma P.
Published: July 2002

In linear polypeptides, inversion of amino acid chirality (all‐l to all‐d) achieves a mirroring of side chain positions and interactions in conformational space. A similar mirroring of side chain positions is independently achieved by a reversal of the direction of the peptide backbone (retro modification). Thus, while an all‐d chain could be expected to adopt a perfect ‘mirror image’ of the three‐dimensional structure of its parent all‐l protein, the retro‐all‐l chain could be expected to adopt a topological equivalent of such a mirror image, through the symmetry transformations of side chain interactions. These notions, supported by sequence analyses, modelling studies, and evidence relating to the activity of ‘retro‐inverso’ peptides, are extended towards the proposal, that the backbone reversed chain of a large globular protein might recognize the chiral opposite of the parent protein's substrate(s).
Organic acid activation of the alterNatlve oxidase of plant mitochondria
Authors: Millar A.Harvey , Wiskich Joseph T. , Whelan James , Day David A.
Published: July 2002

Alternative oxidase activity (oxygen uptake in the presence of KCN, antimycin or myxothiazol) in mitochondria isolated from the roots of soybean seedlings was very slow, even with succinate as substrate. This activity was stimulated substantially (100–400%) by the addition of pyruvate, with half maximal stimulation occurring at 0.1 mM pyruvate. Mitochondria from soybean shoots displayed high alternative oxidase activity with succinate and malate as substrates but lower activity with exogenous NADH; addition of pyruvate stimulated the activity with NADH up to that seen with succinate. This stimulation of cyanide‐insensitive NADH oxidation was seen also with mitochondria from other species. Hydroxypyruvate and oxoglutarate could substitute for pyruvate, although higher concentrations were required to achieve maximum stimulation. Pyruvate stimulation of cyanide‐insensitive oxygen uptake was observed with exogenous quinols as substrates, with sub‐mitochondrial particles, and in the presence of the pyruvate transport inhibitor, cyanohydroxycinnamic acid, but was not observed with detergent‐solubilised mitochondria. It is suggested that pyruvate acts allosterically on the alternatlve oxidase to stimulate its activity. The implications of these findings for respiration in vivo are discussed.
CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein β is required for activation of genes for ornithine cycle enzymes by glucocorticoids and glucagon in primary‐cultured hepatocytes
Authors: Kimura Tatsuya , Chowdhury Shoaib , Tanaka Takashi , Shimizu Atsuko , Iwase Katsuro , Oyadomari Seiichi , Gotoh Tomomi , Matsuzaki Hiromitsu , Mori Masataka , Akira Shizuo , Takiguchi Masaki
Published: July 2002

Transcription of genes for enzymes of the ornithine cycle is activated by hormones such as glucocorticoids and glucagon. Promoters and enhancers of several genes for the enzymes interact with the CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein (C/EBP) family of transcription factors, and C/EBPβ has been suggested to mediate glucocorticoid response of the gene for arginase, the last enzyme of the cycle. To determine the contribution of C/EBPβ to hormonal regulation of genes for ornithine cycle enzymes, we examined mice with targeted disruption of the C/EBPβ gene. Induction of genes for the enzymes by intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone and glucagon was almost intact in the liver of C/EBPβ‐deficient mice. On the other hand, in primary‐cultured hepatocytes derived from C/EBPβ‐deficient mice, induction of genes for the first enzyme carbamylphosphate synthetase, as well as for arginase, in response to dexamethasone and/or glucagon was severely impaired. Therefore, C/EBPβ is required for hormonal induction of the genes for ornithine cycle enzymes in primary‐cultured hepatocytes, while the deficiency of C/EBPβ is compensated for in vivo.
Chymase is activated in the hamster heart following ventricular fibrosis during the chronic stage of hypertension
Authors: Shiota Naotaka , Jin Denan , Takai Shinji , Kawamura Toru , Koyama Mamoru , Nakamura Norifumi , Miyazaki Mizuo
Published: July 2002

Chronic pressure overload induces cardiac tissue remodeling. Chymase is known to regulate matrix metabolism and angiotensin II formation. In the present study, we investigated the pathophysiological functions of chymase in the pressure‐overloaded hamster heart induced by a two‐kidney, one‐clip (2K1C) hypertension procedure. Fibrosis and apoptosis were observed in the pressure‐overloaded hearts of 2K1C hamsters 32 weeks after clipping, but these histological changes were not detected at 16 weeks. Heart chymase‐like activity of 2K1C hamsters at 32 weeks increased 5.2‐fold compared with that at 16 weeks, while angiotensin‐converting enzyme was not activated. Chymase might be involved in cardiac tissue remodeling during the chronic stage of hypertension.
Expression of the gut‐enriched Krüppel‐like factor gene during development and intestinal tumorigenesis
Authors: Ton-That Han , Kaestner Klaus H , Shields Janiel M , Mahatanankoon Channing S , Yang Vincent W
Published: July 2002

We examined the expression of GKLF (gut‐enriched Krüppel‐like factor), a recently identified zinc finger‐containing transcription factor, in mice during development using the ribonuclease protection assay. In the adult, the level of GKLF transcript is abundant throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Between embryonic days 10 and 19 (E10 and E19) of development, the initial level of whole embryo GKLF transcript is low but begins to rise on E13 and peaks on E17. In the newborn, GKLF transcript level is higher in the colon than in the small intestine although the levels in both organs rise with increasing age. Expression of GKLF was also examined in the intestinal tract of the Min mouse, a model of intestinal tumorigenesis. The level of GKLF transcript is significantly decreased in the intestine of Min mice during a period of tumor formation when compared to age‐matched control littermates. Our findings indicate that GKLF expression correlates with certain periods of gut development and is down‐regulated during intestinal tumorigenesis, suggesting that GKLF may play a role in gut development and/or tumor formation.
Expression of the Streptomyces alboniger pur cluster in Streptomyces lividans is dependent on the bldA‐encoded tRNALeu
Authors: Tercero José Antonio , Espinosa Juan Carlos , Jiménez Antonio
Published: July 2002

Streptomyces lividans 1326‐9, a bldA
+ strain, and its bldA39 mutant derivative J1725 were transformed with a cosmid containing the pur cluster, which determines the puromycin biosynthetic pathway from Streptomyces alboniger. bldA
+ transformants produced puromycin in typical amounts, whereas bldA39 transformants did so at drastically decreased levels. Transformation of low producers with the wild‐type bldA gene reverted this phenotype to normal production. These data, in addition to the presence of a TTA codon in the amino‐terminal coding region of the pur10 and pur6 genes of the pur cluster, suggest that the puromycin biosynthetic pathway is translationally dependent on the bldA gene product, a tRNALeu.
Binding of neuronal ELAV‐like proteins to the uridine‐rich sequence in the 3′‐untranslated region of tumor necrosis factor‐α messenger RNA
Authors: Sakai Koichiro , Kitagawa Yoko , Hirose Genjiro
Published: July 2002

Tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is involved in the pathogenesis of several human CNS disorders. The AU‐rich element (ARE) in the 3′‐untranslated region (UTR) of TNF‐α mRNA is implicated in post‐transcriptional control of TNF‐α. In this study, we showed that a human neuronal ELAV‐like protein binds to the ARE in the 3′‐UTR of TNF‐α mRNA. The protein binds to the uridine stretch in AUUUA pentanucleotides inside the ARE in the 3′‐UTR of TNF‐α mRNA. The TNF‐α mRNA‐binding region in the protein appears to be identical to the c‐myc and IL‐3 mRNA‐binding regions. Moreover, this study showed that in vitro treatment of neuroblastoma cells with interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), which inhibits TNF‐α production, reduced the expression of the neuronal ELAV‐like proteins. These results suggest that the expression of neuronal ELAV‐like proteins may be closely associated with the expression of TNF‐α in neuronal cells.
Threats to new product manufacturability and the effects of development team integration processes
Authors: Swink Morgan
Published: July 2002

The thesis of this article is that new product manufacturability (NPM) is influenced by certain challenges inherent in new product development (NPD), and by efforts to integrate manufacturing and other functional concerns into the product design process. This research tests the direct and interacting effects of these influences via a survey of 91 completed NPD projects representing a variety of manufacturing industries. While most hypotheses were supported, the analysis also provides some surprising findings. Project complexity and increased levels of design outsourcing are associated with poorer NPM. Product newness and project acceleration are associated with better NPM. All the measured aspects of development team integration are associated with better NPM, including intense manufacturing involvement, a collaborative work environment, supplier influence on the product design, and strong management support in the project. Furthermore, certain integration variables exert moderating effects on relationships between technological uncertainty, product newness, design outsourcing, project acceleration and NPM. By exposing these relationships this research extends the theory of product development influences on manufacturability beyond a focus on engineering‐oriented approaches (e.g., design‐for‐manufacture). The results suggest that larger managerial issues must be addressed and that more contingency‐oriented research is needed to explore the benefits and limitations of development team integration processes.
Democratic Policymakers’ Ambiguous Support for Reparations: Implications for the Policymaking Process
Authors: Rigby Elizabeth , Griffie Vernicia
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the increasing, but complex, support for reparations among Democratic elected officials—highlighting their tendency to endorse the concept while deferring discussion of policy details. This strategic ambiguity is common in policy discourse and can be embedded within policy design, such as legislative proposals to create commissions tasked with studying and recommending future actions on reparations. The effectiveness of these reparations commissions is uncertain. They could represent productive steps toward genuine reparations or simply serve to alleviate political pressure without any substantial policy changes. We explore these potential outcomes in three inter-related analyses: a compilation and comparison of all bills mentioning slavery reparations introduced at the federal and state level, the first nationally representative public opinion poll asking about support for reparations commissions, and a content analysis of legislative bill texts establishing reparations commissions. Our findings suggest that while reparations commissions offer an effective way for Democratic policymakers to manage conflicting constituency pressures in the short term, their potential to propel forward, rather than stall, the reparations debate hinges on their design and execution.
Subnational mapping of anaemia and aetiologic factors in the West and Central African region
Authors: Baye Kaleab , Hailu Bayuh Asmamaw , Nanama Simeon , Ntambi John , Laillou Arnaud
Published: December 2024

Objectives:

Despite bold commitments to reduce anaemia, little change in prevalence was observed over the past decade. We aimed to generate subnational maps of anaemia among women of reproductive age (WRA), malaria transmission and hemoglobinopathies to identify priority areas but also explore their geographical overlap.

Design:

Using the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), we first mapped anaemia clusters across sub-Saharan Africa and identified the West and Central Africa (WCA) as a major cluster. Geographic clusters with high anaemia and related aetiologic factors were identified using spatial statistics. Multilevel regression models were run to identify factors associated with any, moderate and severe anaemia.

Settings:

West and Central African countries (n 17).

Participants:

WRA (n 112 024) residing in seventeen WCA countries.

Results:

There was a significant overlap in geographical clusters of anaemia, malaria and hemoglobinopathies, particularly in the coastal areas of the WCA region. Low birth interval (0·86 (0·77, 0·97)), number of childbirth (1·12 (1·02, 1·23)) and being in the 15–19 age range (1·47 (1·09, 1·98)) were associated with increased odds of any anaemia. Unimproved toilet facility and open defecation were associated with any anaemia, whereas the use of unclean cooking fuel was associated with moderate/severe anaemia (P < 0·05). Access to healthcare facility, living in malaria-prone areas and hemoglobinopathies (HbC and HbS) were all associated with any, moderate or severe anaemia.

Conclusion:

Interlinkages between infection, hemoglobinopathies and nutritional deficiencies complicate the aetiology of anaemia in the WCA region. Without renewed efforts to integrate activities and align various sectors in the prevention of anaemia, progress is likely to remain elusive.
FXR-regulated COX6A2 triggers mitochondrial apoptosis of pancreatic β-cell in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Shao Lianqi , Kong Xiangchen , Lv Simian , Shu Xingsheng , Ma Xiaosong , Ai Xiaojiao , Yan Dan , Ying Ying
Published: December 2024

Pancreatic β-cell apoptosis plays a crucial role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2 (COX6A2) and Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) have been identified in pancreatic β-cells, however, whether they are involved in β-cell apoptosis is unclear. Here, we sought to investigate the role of FXR-regulated COX6A2 in diabetic β-cell apoptosis. We found that COX6A2 expression was increased in islets from diabetic animals, whereas FXR expression was suppressed. Notably, overexpression of COX6A2 facilitated β-cell apoptosis, whereas its deficiency attenuated this process and ameliorates type 2 diabetes, suggesting a pro-apoptotic role of COX6A2 in β-cells. Mechanistically, increased COX6A2 interacted with and enhanced the expression of voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), thereby promoting the mitochondrial translocation of Bax, leading to the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm and ultimately causing β-cell apoptosis. Moreover, FXR negatively regulated COX6A2 expression through the inhibition of histone acetyltransferase p300 occupancy, diminishing histone H3 acetylation at lysine 27 on the Cox6a2 promoter. Furthermore, the deficiency of FXR intensified β-cell apoptosis under diabetic situations. Thus, it is probable that in diabetogenic environments, reduced FXR expression contributes to enhanced COX6A2 expression, culminating in β-cell apoptosis. These findings emphasize the essential involvement of the FXR/p300 pathway-controlled COX6A2 in β-cell apoptosis, revealing a previously undiscovered mechanism underlying diabetic β-cell apoptosis.
Effect of exciton pairing on the stationary Josephson current in superconductor-semimetal-superconductor junctions
Authors: ltskovich I. F. , Shekhter R. I.
Published: December 2024

The effect of exciton pairing of charge carriers in a semimetal on the stationary Josephson current in superconductor-semimetal-superconductor junctions is considered. It is shown that the phase transition of the semimetal interlayer into an exciton dielectric state for Tγ < Tc (Tγ, Tc are the superconducting and exciton transition temperatures, respectively) is accompanied by a kink on the critical current jc, versus temperature curve at the point T = Tγ. A sharp nonmonotonic temperature dependence of the reduced current jc/jc0 (jc0 is the critical current at Tγ = 0) is also possible in the range T < Tγ. At low temperatures T ≪v1,2/d≪Tγ (v1,2 are the Fermi velocities of the carriers in the semimetal, d is the thickness of the interlayer) the critical current of the superconductor-semimetal-superconductor junction is exponentially smaller than the current in the absence of exciton pairing.
Conductivity and superconductive properties of granular Sn–Ge films
Authors: Glukhov A. M. , Dmitrenko I. M. , Shablo A. A.
Published: December 2024

The conductivity mechanisms and superconductive properties of island tin condensates in a germanium matrix are studied. Applicability limits are determined for Matt’s law, valid for systems with hopping conductivity between centers of charge carrier localization. It is shown that within one and the same specimen with fixed distribution of tin granules the transparency of the intergranule barriers may be controlled and the nature of the superconductive transition changed from a partial one, related to the superconductivity of the individual granules, to a complete one characteristic of particle systems with Josephson coupling, by crystallization of the amorphous germanium in the Sn–Ge system.
Effect of doping on Fermi surface of antimony
Authors: Pospelov Yu. A. , Grachev G. S.
Published: December 2024

The dependence of the characteristics of the Fermi surface of antimony on the concentration of tin and tellurium impurities is calculated on the basis of the rigid band model. Calculations are made using the Falicov–Lin pseudopotential, and the conventional two-band model is analyzed at the same time. According to the calculations, electron “pockets” are shown to vanish at an impurity concentration of 0.63 at.% Sn, and hole “pockets” are shown to vanish at an impurity concentration of 0.41 at.% Te. The results of the calculations are compared with experimental data. A close agreement between theory and experiment is noted in the case of the Sb(Sn) alloy, but the agreement is somewhat poorer in the case of the Sn(Te) alloy.
Dielectric, magnetic, and magnetoelectrical properties of Ni–I boracite
Authors: Chupis I. E.
Published: December 2024

It is shown that the experimentally observed asymmetry of the ferroelectric hysteresis loop, change in sign, and appearance of a peak in the magnetoelectric susceptibility near the phase transition temperature, as well as the presence of a maximum in the temperature dependence of the spontaneous magnetization observed in Ni–I boracite can be explained on the basis of a thermodynamic theory that includes the rhombic symmetry of the crystal in the paramagnetic phase and the small magnitude of the rhombic distortions of the cubic lattice. In a magnetic field the existence of a tricritical point near the phase transition temperature is predicted.
Localization of electrons in thin antimony films
Authors: Butenko A. V. , Bukhshtab E. I. , Komnik Yu. F.
Published: December 2024

The low temperature corrections to the conductivity of thin antimony fllms, related to localization of electronic states, are measured at helium and hydrogen temperatures in fields of up to 17 kOe parallel and perpendicular to the plane of the films. Analysis of the magnetic field and temperature dependences of the quantities Δσ for the films with different thicknesses showed that they agree well with the theory developed by Al’tshuler, Aronov, Larkin, and Khmel’nitskii, which made it possible to determine the inelastic relaxation time τφ and to fmd the dependence of τφ on the temperature and thickness of the films. The observed weak contribution of the negative magnetoresistance permitted estimating the magnitude of the characteristic spinorbit interaction time in the presence of impurity scattering σso.
Theory of the tilt effect in metals with a complicated Fermi surface
Authors: Eremenko A. V. , Kaner É. A.
Published: December 2024

The dependence of the velocity and attenuation of high-frequency longitudinal sound on the angle between the magnetic field H and the phonon wave vector q is investigated theoretically in the collisionless regime. It is shown that the phase volume is greater and the singularity in the electron-phonon interaction stronger in the case of a quadratic dependence of the longitudinal (along H) electron velocity on pz. This gives rise to nonanalytic (i.e., discontinuous) dependences of the velocity and attenuation of the sound. The analysis is carried out for the strong and weak electron–phonon coupling limits.
Lattice parameters, thermal expansion coefficients, and vacancy density in solid CH4
Authors: Prokhvatilov A. I. , lsakina A. P.
Published: December 2024

We report an x-ray study of the lattice parameters and thermal expansion of polycrystalline samples of methane. The sizes of the volume changes at the phase transition and at melting are determined. Using the coefficients of thermal expansion obtained, we calculate the specific heat Cv and the Grüneisen constants. We analyze the contributions to the specific heat due to the translational and rotational motions of the molecules. From a comparison of the x-ray and dilatometric data for the thermal expansion coefficient near the melting temperature of CH4 we determine the density, volume, and enthalpy of formation of the equilibrium vacancies. The values obtained are close to those of the corresponding quantities for single vacancies in inert gas crystals .
Growth hormone receptor in VGLUT2 or Sim1 cells regulates glycemia and insulin sensitivity
Authors: Tavares Mariana R. , dos Santos Willian O. , Amaral Andressa G. , List Edward O. , Kopchick John J. , Alves Guilherme A. , Frazao Renata , dos Santos Jessica D. M. , Cruz Alessandra G. , Camporez João Paulo , Donato Jose
Published: December 2024

Growth hormone (GH) has several metabolic effects, including a profound impact on glucose homeostasis. For example, GH oversecretion induces insulin resistance and increases the risk of developing diabetes mellitus. Here, we show that GH receptor (GHR) ablation in vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2)-expressing cells, which comprise a subgroup of glutamatergic neurons, led to a slight decrease in lean body mass without inducing changes in body adiposity. VGLUT2
∆GHR
mice exhibited reduced glycemia and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Among different glutamatergic neuronal populations, we found that GHR inactivation in Sim1-expressing cells recapitulated the phenotype observed in VGLUT2
∆GHR
mice. Furthermore, Sim1
∆GHR
mice exhibited reduced endogenous glucose production and improved hepatic insulin sensitivity without alterations in whole-body or muscle glucose uptake. Sim1
∆GHR
mice were protected against acute but not chronic diabetogenic effects of exogenous GH administration. Pharmacological activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in the brain normalized blood glucose levels in Sim1
∆GHR
mice. In conclusion, the absence of GHR signaling in VGLUT2/Sim1-expressing cells causes a persistent reduction in glycemia and improves hepatic insulin sensitivity. Central glucose-sensing mechanisms are likely involved in the reduced glycemia exhibited by Sim1
∆GHR
mice. The current findings uncover a mechanism involved in the effects of GHR signaling in regulating glucose homeostasis.
Secondary school teachers’ opinions on the bilingual programme in Andalusia
Authors: Szczesniak Anna
Published: December 2024

Despite numerous benefits that accrue from Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) implementation, the
programme is plagued with a number of challenges. Hence, the main purpose of the study was to scrutinize the secondary school
teachers’ opinions on bilingual programme development and to determine if there were potential differences within the cohort of
teachers. Data were gathered from a questionnaire filled out by 225 teachers from bilingual secondary schools in Andalusia. The
picture that emerged from the study was not positive as the results revealed widespread unease about the scarcity of training
initiatives, increased workload, insufficient collaboration among the teachers, and a dearth of well-designed materials.
Furthermore, it transpired that little strides have been made as regards group size and students’ level of English. The
within-cohort comparison revealed that content teachers harboured a more sceptical outlook on many aspects of the programme. Thus
they require heightened attention and more opportunities for teacher-training initiatives to equip them with the skills necessary
to teach effectively in the new language scenario. These findings should be taken into consideration while making educational
decisions since all the limitations of the programme, if not addressed properly, may put the feasibility of the project in
jeopardy.
Topology optimization of swing arm for FSAE EV racing cars
Authors: Li Wei Tat , Ku Pei Xuan , Abu Bakar Noor Zafirah
Published: December 2024

The swing arm is an important mechanical part that it functions to support the weight of the vehicle and acts as a cushion when the shock absorbers are functioning. The purpose of this research is to investigate the stress and total deformation of swing arm design with different materials as well as evaluate the structural analysis of swing arm after conducting topology optimization. The research also aims to reduce the mass of the swing arm using topology optimization while meeting the minimum safety requirements. Three different swing arm designs would be created using SolidWorks. The designs would be analyzed using the structural analysis feature in the ANSYS Workbench where the parameters of this project such as stress along the swing arm, total deformation and factor of safety for each swing arm design are evaluated and compared. The chosen design would then be analyzed where steel and aluminium are selected as the material for the swing arm using ANSYS. The finalized swing arm would then undergo topology optimization where the reduction of mass of swing arm would occur. The optimized swing arm would be analyzed and the parameters obtained would be evaluated and compared with the unoptimized swing arm. The expected outcomes are the aluminium swing arm would present a lower distribution of stress along the body of swing arm, but higher total deformation compared to the steel swing arm. It is also expected that the distribution of stress and total deformation on swing arm would be higher after conducting topology optimization due to more force acting on the reduced or optimized surface area of the swing arm. Moreover, the factor of safety for optimized swing arm is expected to decrease following the reduction in mass of the swing arm. Hence, the research is focused on the analyzing of difference in data collected for swing arm as well as reducing the mass of the swing arm while meeting the minimum factor of safety.
Dynamic Neurological Insights: Real-Time Stress Analysis Utilizing Portable EEG Kits
Authors: K Saranya , N M Gokila
Published: December 2024

Clinical Electroencephalogram(EEG) devices are effective in hospitals, but for everyday monitoring, portable options are more accessible and convenient, albeit less accurate. In this research, the working of three portable devices -Neurosky MindWave Mobile 2, Muse 2 headband and Emotiv Insight that have different channels 1,4,5 respectively are explored. They are used to understand students’ state of stress in two different scenarios-listening to online lecture videos (Scenario 1) and live lecture classes in their classrooms (Scenario 2). Twelve Engineering college students participated in the experiment and were asked to watch 10 video lectures from Coursera each video is 4 to 8-minute duration and their EEG data was collected with all the three devices. The same participants were engaged in EEG data collection during their live lecture classes for one hour. A questionnaire consisting of a Likert scale like Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) was prepared to assess the levels of arousal and valence experienced by the participants. The collected EEG signals from both scenarios are tested with the pre-trained model (Artificial neural network (ANN )model trained using DEAP (A dataset for emotion analysis using EEG, physiological and video signals dataset) and the results of real-time data are analysed. In Scenario 1 which is short duration, EEG recordings showed an accuracy of 55% in Neurosky and 63% in Muse and 76% in Emotiv Insight and in Scenario 2 which is long duration EEG recordings showed an accuracy of 47% in Neurosky and 60% in the muse and 67% in Emotiv Insight. Emotiv shows high accuracy, but Muse proves more comfortable for extended use due to its consistent accuracy in both scenarios.
A CFD Study to Improve the Cell Separating Efficiency of an Inertial Spiral Microfluidic Channel with Expansion Chambers
Authors: Jenkin Adriel Wong , Yen Myan Felicia Wong
Published: December 2024

Separating circulating tumour cells (CTC) from other cells are important because they function as biomarkers to assess cancer stage and provide targeted treatment for cancer patients. Existing separation methods are time consuming and provide low efficacy and throughput. Spiral microfluidic devices aid to counter this with its high throughput and continuous separation. In this paper, cell separating efficiency is the main key measure to assess the performance of the microfluidic channel geometries. Expansion chambers are implemented to a conventional spiral microfluidic channel with different geometry to improve the cell separating efficiency through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.1 with the Laminar Flow and Particle Tracing physics model where the spiral microfluidic channel models are modelled using SolidWorks. Mesh independence study was conducted where the average element quality of tetrahedral mesh exceeds 0.7, indicating that the 1 mm element size is effective for discretizing the computational domain. The implementation of expansion chambers significantly improved the cell separating efficiency to 100% where all CTCs are separated into the targeted outlet and reduced cell separation process time by 37.78% to 0.448 seconds. This is possible with the bow tie geometry which has 2 sharp tips from the 45° undercut features that increases the velocity and vorticity of the fluid in that region.
Selected modern materials in transport construction
Authors: Lapašová L , Ďugel D
Published: December 2024

The large variety of existing modern composite materials and products on the construction market provides a number of possibilities for their use. However, at the same time the world is facing many challenges due to the daily deterioration of the environment and the depletion of non-renewable resources. New technologies and materials are being sought to combat these issues. As one of possible solutions is the innovative use of polymers in transport construction. This paper focuses on the investigation of the material properties of two different materials (hybrid composite and foam concrete). The main idea of the research is the development of new composite materials with higher strength and durability compared to traditional types of materials used on construction site.
Assessing environmental degradation and restoration: A case study of the Penjom Mine in Malaysia
Authors: Yu Haoxuan , Zahidi Izni
Published: December 2024

In Malaysia, where mining safety is paramount, regular mining activities have led to significant environmental pollution despite major accidents being rare. Particularly in the states of Pahang and Kelantan, numerous mines employ open-pit or underground methods for ore extraction. These mining practices, coupled with the discharge of solid waste, inflict environmental harm, lead to land occupation, diminish vegetation cover, and impede plant growth. This study addresses the gap in understanding the extent of environmental degradation and the effectiveness of reclamation efforts in mining areas by utilizing remote sensing indicators. Specifically, it focuses on Fractional Vegetation Cover (FVC) and Net Primary Productivity (NPP) to assess the environmental impact at the Penjom Mine in Pahang from 2009 to 2021. The findings reveal that between 2009 and 2015, the expansion of Penjom Mine reduced vegetation cover and hindered plant growth. However, substantial environmental restoration and land reclamation efforts post-2015 have led to improved vegetation cover and recovery of plant growth by 2021. This study highlights the importance of continuous monitoring and effective environmental management strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of mining and promote ecological restoration.
InSAR coherence based temporal changes detection and mapping of tropical forest and plantations in Northern Borneo
Authors: Suab Stanley Anak , Korom Alexius , Kemarau Ricky Anak , Mojiol Andy Russel , Avtar Ram
Published: December 2024

The TanDEM-X InSAR coherence data is cloud-free and not affected by temporal decorrelation. It also provides excellent interferometric data on the canopy, which is helpful for direct detection and mapping of the temporal changes in tropical forests and plantations. In this paper, three InSAR scenes were acquired for 2012, 2017, and 2019, all in single HH polarization and in bistatic mode covering northern Sabah. Generated coherence data was compared in pairwise of before and after scenarios using raster changes analysis. GIS analysis and temporal changes information extraction were done using the digitized forests and plantations land use boundaries. Results show Oil palm is mostly unchanged, and Industrial Tree Plantation (ITP) decreased by 27% between 2021-2017 and 17% between 2012-2019 due to ongoing timber harvesting. Meanwhile, Forest Reserve (FR) showed an increase of 14% between 2012-2017. The study demonstrated the potential of using TanDEM-X InSAR coherence for direct, quick, and simple tropical forest and plantation changes and mapping.
Enhancing flood detection and estimation in Johor, Malaysia, during December 2014: Leveraging the power of google earth engine and microwave sensors
Authors: Sheikh Saeed , Aliaa Roslan Siti Nur , Mohd Shafri Helmi Zulhaidi
Published: December 2024

Floods in Malaysia provide a significant hazard, affecting approximately 22% of the population and endangering vast regions, particularly Johor, which contains the largest number of river basins prone to flooding. This study employs the functionalities of Google Earth Engine (GEE) and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technology to improve the identification and assessment of floods in all 189 river basins across the country. These river basins encompass an area of around 29,800 km2 that is susceptible to flooding. By incorporating these cutting-edge technologies, we tackle major obstacles presented by conventional flood monitoring systems, such as delayed data transmission, restricted geographical scope, and disruption caused by cloud cover, which frequently impede efficient flood control. Our approach utilizes the Google Earth Engine (GEE) for processing data in real-time and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) for its ability to perform well in areas with frequent cloud cover. This combination allows us to achieve extensive coverage and enhanced accuracy. The results indicate that combining Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) with Generalised Estimating Equations (GEE) can greatly improve the speed and efficiency of flood monitoring. Stakeholders should incorporate these technologies into current disaster management frameworks to strengthen flood response tactics. This will provide decision-makers with accurate and practical flood data. Adopting a proactive strategy is crucial in enhancing disaster preparedness and reducing the significant consequences of floods in Malaysia.
Land suitability evaluation using selected environmental physical parameters for coffee plant productivity in Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Widyatmanti W , Anugerah F , Silalahi A V , Damayanti F , Firmansyah A J , Nugroho K
Published: December 2024

Coffee is a prominent commodity in Indonesia, and its price fluctuations depend on quality influenced by the physical conditions of the growing environment. The study area was chosen to enhance the productivity of the Toraja coffee industry, known for its export-grade coffee. This study aims to identify and examine the characteristics of environmental physical parameters and coffee productivity to provide land improvement recommendations for low coffee productivity areas. Regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the connection between elevation, slope, and soil texture with coffee productivity. Elevation and slope data were acquired from SRTM DEM images. Soil texture data were obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture’s land system. Coffee productivity data were collected through field surveys and questionnaires using digital applications. Results indicated that elevation had varying relationships for each land suitability class (S1, S2, and S3). The coefficients of determination, 0.17, -0.51, and 0.49, respectively, showed different levels of association, with class S3 demonstrating a stronger relationship. Slope in class S2 exhibited a strong correlation with coffee productivity. Meanwhile, soil texture parameters had a limited impact, with the highest productivity occurring in class S3. In conclusion, the most influential environmental parameters on productivity, in sequence, were slope, soil texture, and elevation.
A temporal post-occupancy risks management model for high-rise strata via 3D city modelling approach
Authors: Mehmood U , Ujang U , Azri S , Choon T L
Published: December 2024

As urban populations grow and space becomes scarcer and more expensive, the demand for housing increases, leading to the proliferation of high-rise residential structures. These buildings offer developers a means to accommodate more units and optimise land use. Nonetheless, high-rises come with a range of hazards, both natural and artificial, that pose risks to residents and developers as well. This research aims to develop a conceptual framework to manage post-occupancy hazards in high-rise residential strata under management corporations using a 3D city model approach. Examples of hazards this research will consider pertinent to high-rise buildings include child safety, fire hazards, water seepage hazards, and electrical failure potential, among others. The model consists of two phases of management: pre-hazard management and post-hazard management. Pre-hazard will focus on risk assessment to avoid actual hazards through measures such as fire drills and training, regular maintenance, and programmed routine assessments, among others. Post-hazard will focus on response actions, including response time expectation, evacuation strategy, and communication with residents and stakeholders. The 3D city model is uniquely beneficial in offering urban spatial dynamics and an imaginative view of possible vulnerabilities to established hazards. The findings of this research will support developers, building managers, and the policy community in understanding various hazards and responding effectively to high-rise spaces’ occupational hazards in the increasing urbanisation era.
Environmental Significance of Microbe-Clay Interaction: A Mini-Review
Authors: Oziegbe O. , Oziegbe E. J. , Ahuekwe E. F.
Published: December 2024

The interaction between microbes and clay plays an important role in the cycling of elements and the elimination of contaminants from the environment. Microbial activity has reduced structural iron (Fe) in clay minerals, which is an important mechanism in soil pollution bioremediation. Also, clay-based materials have been employed in the microbial load reduction of bacteria-laden water by exploiting microbe-clay interactions. Reduction of smectites by microorganisms has been reported to be notable and significant in the contaminant remediation processes. However, the type of contamination, properties of clays involved, and associated microorganisms have had a remarkable influence on one another. The bacterium Shewanella has been found to be effective in bioreduction processes, while the fungus Aspergillus niger has proven very effective in biobeneficiation of clay, with reports of efficient elimination of dangerous elements in water. This review discusses activities of microorganisms on clays comprising bioreduction, bioremediation, biobeneficiation, and biodegradation and highlights certain current challenges and future perspectives in microbe-clay interactions. In conclusion, an understanding of the dynamics of this interaction, can help improve the design and manufacture of purification materials for domestic and industrial use.