bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
99mTc-PSMA-SPECT/CT zur Diagnostik des Prostatakarzinoms
Authors: Schmidkonz Christian , Kuwert Torsten , Cordes Michael
Published: November 2020

Neben den klinisch bereits etablierten PET-kompatiblen PSMA-Radioliganden stehen seit kurzer Zeit mit 99 mTc gekoppelte SPECT-kompatible PSMA-Radioliganden zur Diagnostik des Prostatakarzinoms zur Verfügung. Aufgrund der hohen Nachfrage nach PSMA-basierter Hybridbildgebung könnten diese für bestimmte Indikationen eine diagnostische Alternative darstellen, insbesondere sofern keine PET/CT verfügbar ist. Der folgende Artikel soll eine Übersicht über die vorliegende Evidenz und möglichen Einsatzmöglichkeiten der 99 mTc-PSMA-SPECT/CT zur Diagnostik des Prostatakarzinoms geben.
Everyone matters; everyone contributes; everyone grows: a pilot project cultivating psychological safety to promote growth-oriented service culture after the Oakden Report
Authors: McKellar Duncan , Renner Diana , Gower Amelia , O'Brien Sinead , Stevens Andrew , DiNiro Antonietta
Published: November 2020

The development of positive workplace culture is important for health services, with implications for patient experience, staff wellbeing and service outcomes. The Oakden Report identified dysfunctional culture in the South Australian state-wide older persons’ mental health service and established an agenda for change through a codesigned culture framework. An innovative culture change project was undertaken at Northgate House, a specialist service commissioned following the Oakden Report. The project built on the culture framework, with emphasis on developing psychological safety and employed principles from the deliberately developmental organisation model. The project resulted in positive outcomes for patients and staff and valuable organisational learning. Insights from the project may inform culture change journeys in a range of healthcare settings.
What is known about the topic?There is a growing body of evidence regarding the benefits of psychological safety in the workplace. The development of positive workplace culture at the microsystem level, which is at the frontline where healthcare delivery occurs, contributes to better experiences and outcomes for patients and staff.
What does this paper add?This paper provides an example of how teams can approach workplace culture change at a microsystem level. The paper illustrates an innovative culture change program, undertaken within a quality improvement framework, engaging a whole team, irrespective of discipline or position, in order to promote psychological safety and engagement in personal and professional growth.
What are the implications for practitioners?Practitioners have the ability to generate and lead culture change at the frontline of health care. This paper illustrates principles and practices that are transferable to multiple settings and can be used by clinical leaders and healthcare practitioners to promote their own journeys of service transformation.
Effects of a native New Zealand freshwater mussel on zooplankton assemblages, including non-native Daphnia: a mesocosm experiment
Authors: Duggan Ian C. , Pearson Anita A. C. , Kusabs Ian A.
Published: November 2020

Few studies have examined the effects of freshwater mussels on zooplankton in their native regions. We undertook an outdoor mesocosm-scale experiment to examine the effects of Echyridella menziesii, an endemic New Zealand mussel, on zooplankton composition. Experiments were undertaken in 125-L cylindrical drums that were randomly separated into the following three groups: seven control tanks with no mussels, seven treatment tanks with five mussels, and seven treatment tanks with 10 mussels each. Tanks were seeded with algae and zooplankton from a variety of small local water bodies, and monitored on Days 0, 5, 14 and 42. ANOSIM indicated that zooplankton composition among control and treatment tanks differed from Day 5 onward. Small, planktonic rotifers were commonly found to be most greatly affected by the presence of freshwater mussels. Benthic rotifers and larger crustacean zooplankton were typically unaffected or favoured when mussels were present. Overall, our results are consistent with removal of zooplankton by filtration, rather than competition for resources, being the primary driver of mussel influence on zooplankton community composition.
Otolith microstructure reveals long lifespan for Giant Boarfish (Paristiopterus labiosus) (Günther 1872)
Authors: Visconti Valerio , Hamilton Dallas J. , Coulson Peter G.
Published: November 2020

Life-history traits and the ecology of the family Pentacerotidae are known for only a fraction of the 13 species distributed worldwide. The Giant Boarfish (Paristiopterus labiosus) is known for its increasing recreational fishery and for undergoing spawning aggregations in Australasian waters but the biological characteristics remain scarce. Here, we report the capture of a large P. labiosus (962mm total length and 9.2kg total weight), close to the reported maximum size of 910mm total length, from New Zealand waters and its age estimation. An estimated age of 36 years, based on counts of opaque zones in thin otolith sections, provides important information on the potential lifespan of the species, an important step forward to better understand its life history.
A wireless, skin-interfaced biosensor for cerebral hemodynamic monitoring in pediatric care
Authors: Rwei Alina Y. , Lu Wei , Wu Changsheng , Human Kelia , Suen Emily , Franklin Daniel , Fabiani Monica , Gratton Gabriele , Xie Zhaoqian , Deng Yujun , Kwak Sung Soo , Li Lizhu , Gu Carol , Liu Alanna , Rand Casey M. , Stewart Tracey M. , Huang Yonggang , Weese-Mayer Debra E. , Rogers John A.
Published: November 2020

Significance

Continuous monitoring of cerebral hemodynamics is critical for safeguarding the healthy neurodevelopment of pediatric patients. This paper introduces a soft, flexible, miniaturized wireless system for real-time, continuous monitoring of systemic and cerebral hemodynamics for such purposes. Clinical studies on pediatric subjects with ages between 0.2 and 15 y and with various racial backgrounds validate opportunities for practical use in operating hospital environments. This platform may significantly enhance the quality of care of pediatric patients, particularly those at risk for cerebral and neurodevelopmental impairments in developed and developing world settings alike.
Marking definiteness in an articleless language
Authors: Kang Arum
Published: November 2020

The main purpose of this paper is to identify the novel type of Korean definiteness marker. Especially I show that Korean KU which originated from the morphological demonstrative ‘that’, instantiates a solid pattern of distribution of definiteness marker. Mainly focusing on the semantico-pragmatic role of KU, the proposal comprises three main parts: (i) Given that Korean employs distinct devices teased apart into uniqueness (i.e. referential use) and familiarity (i.e. anaphoric use) in its definiteness system, I show that the effect of referential use in argument saturating function is achieved by the covert “determiner” in bare nouns, whereas anaphoric use in argument non-saturating function is achieved by the overt KU; (ii) The semantic contribution of KU is analyzed as a domain restrictor (DDR;Etxeberria & Giannakidou 2010) which supplies an indexical property as an argument (Schwarz 2009,2013;Jenks 2018); (iii) I further show that the DDRoperator is present in the syntax, falling out from the standard D position as an adjunctive modifier in a lower DP layer. The contribution of my work is that the proposed account allows us to widen our view of cross-linguistic variation to cases where the prerequisite of definiteness is based on the dissociation of meaning (i.e. the semantic role of D as encoding familiarity) and form (i.e. the syntactic role of D as an argument-building function).
Come is the new go
Authors: Lai Yunfan
Published: November 2020

In this paper, I describe the morphology as well as the uses of the basic motion verbs, ‘to come’ and ‘to go’, in
Khroskyabs based on two of its varieties, Siyuewu and Wobzi, before analyzing the evolutionary pathways of their stem alternation patterns.
The meanings of the basic motion verbs in Khroskyabs originally were not ‘to come’ or ‘to go’; instead, these verbs denoted Goal-oriented
motion and Source-oriented motion. The choice of the deictic center is the key to the semantic change toward ‘to come’ and ‘to go’ in the
modern language.
Exploring source/goal asymmetries in spontaneous and caused motion expression in Yuhup
Authors: Ospina-Bozzi Ana María , Cita-Triana Caterine
Published: November 2020

The aim of this paper is to explore the asymmetry in the expression of Goal and Source in spontaneous and caused motion
events in Yuhup (Makú/Naduhup family). We examine the asymmetries at the semantic, morphological and syntactic levels. As this language does
not have a specialized system of nominal morphology that distinguishes the ground constituents representing the Source or the Goal of a
movement, an asymmetrical treatment of Source and Goal is not evident. However, verbal semantics make more distinctions for Goal than for
Source, ground constituents are more frequent in the expression of motion to(wards) the Goal than the one (away) from the Source, and
structural variety and complexity differentiate between Source and Goal expression. Also, the Goal bias is stronger in the descriptions of
caused motion than in the ones of spontaneous motion. The data were collected using tools designed for elicitation of spontaneous and caused
motion events.
Source/Goal (a)symmetry
Authors: Fagard Benjamin , Kopecka Anetta
Published: November 2020

This paper compares the expression of Source and Goal in German and Polish, on the basis of descriptions elicited with a
series of video clips. As satellite-framed languages (Talmy 1985, 2000), both German and Polish mainly rely on grammatical morphemes to encode Path of motion with respect to Source
and Goal. Nevertheless, despite this shared typological feature, these languages also display fine morphosyntactic and semantic differences.
Our study reveals that the expression of Source and Goal is more asymmetrical in German than in Polish, both in types of
linguistic resources and in semantic distinctions. We show that German speakers tend to combine Path satellites with Path verbs – including
both deictic satellites and deictic verbs – more frequently in Source-oriented events, depicting them with finer semantic distinctions than
Goal-oriented events. In the expression of the Ground, however, they tend to make finer distinctions in the expression of Goals as compared
to Sources, by using a greater variety of prepositions. Polish speakers, by contrast, tend to express Source and Goal in a more symmetrical
fashion. These cross-linguistic differences are discussed in the light of language-specific characteristics and their role in the
expression – symmetrical or asymmetrical – of Source and Goal.
Source-Goal asymmetries in Ese Ejja
Authors: Vuillermet Marine
Published: November 2020

Ese Ejja (Takanan) is an endangered language spoken in the Bolivian and Peruvian lowlands. The paper examines the expression of Source and Goal in this Amazonian language and focuses on three types of Source-Goal asymmetries. The first asymmetry concerns the higher number of Goal adnominals than of Source adnominals. Linked to this morphological asymmetry, the second asymmetry is semantic: Goal adnominals display a [± human] distinction absent from Source markers. In addition, the two Goal adnominals are dedicated while the only adnominal that encodes Source may also encode Median. In fact, the unambiguous (and most frequent expression) of Source requires a biclausal strategy, which accounts for the third type of asymmetry, at the syntactic level. The discussion is based on firsthand data including both spontaneous and elicited data, mostly obtained with Trajectoire, a visual methodological tool designed to collect Path expression.
Expression of spontaneous motion events in Stieng
Authors: Bon Noëllie
Published: November 2020

This study investigates the expression of Source and Goal in spontaneous motion events in Stieng (Cambodia, Vietnam). The analysis is based on data collected in Cambodia, using theTrajectoirevideo kit (Ishibashi et al. 2006). Regardless the type of Ground, Stieng data includes a wide range of constructions in describing motion events, combining lexical and grammatical tools (verbs and adnominals). While morphosyntactic resources available to express Source and Goal are formally similar, Stieng data shows that the Goal tends to be privileged compared to the Source, at the semantic, morphosyntactic, and syntactic levels. However, Source and Goal tend to be symmetrical with respect to the semantic distinctions of the verbs, and potential (a)symmetries with respect to the discourse level remain to be clarified. Instances of asymmetries in favor of the Goal tend to support previous studies that postulated a tendency for languages to privilege the Goal in the linguistic expression.
Enhancing quantum entanglement of the two-mode squeezed vacuum state via multiphoton catalysis
Authors: Yang Yang
Published: November 2020

Multiphoton catalysis is a non-Gaussian operation which has aroused interest recently in quantum information processing. There are two schemes of multiphoton catalysis in the current literature: one uses a beam splitter, while the other uses an optical parametric amplifier. We derive the catalysis operator in the Fock basis for each scheme and find a close relationship between them. We propose to enhance quantum entanglement of the two-mode squeezed vacuum state by performing two-mode multiphoton catalysis independently using two beam splitters. We calculate the optimal entanglement, which is maximized over two independent transmissivities, for the catalyzed states with various pairs of catalysis photon numbers, and find that in each case entanglement is enhanced only when the squeezing parameter is below a certain threshold. We also find that the optimal entanglement is nonzero in the limit of low squeezing, and deduce the analytical forms of the limiting catalyzed state and its entanglement in each case from numerical coefficients.
A review of research hotspots and trends in biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emissions combining bibliometrics with evolution tree methods
Authors: Duan Chensong , Zuo Shudi , Wu Zhifeng , Qiu Yue , Wang Jinfeng , Lei Yanhui , Liao Hu , Ren Yin
Published: November 2020

As ozone pollution in the troposphere has become increasingly severe, more publications have focused on the emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), which are important precursors for ozone formation. However, most reviews describe the research status of certain specific aspects rather than holistically quantifying research hotspots and development trends, which limit the overall understand of BVOCs emissions. In this paper, bibliometric analysis was used to study the publication output and hotspots of BVOCs emissions research from 1991 to 2019. Then, the evolutionary trends in BVOCs emission sources research were explored further by combining evolution tree and Markov chain methods. We found that the USA consistently took the leading position in BVOCs research, which cooperated with Germany and China closely. Environmental Science & Ecology and Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences were the most active research subject categories. Current literatures mainly focused on the plant stress response, the atmospheric chemistry of BVOCs emissions, and their measurement by field determination and model-based estimation. Most publications researched BVOCs emitted by plants, in particular Pinaceae, while the growth of publications researching microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) was slow. In the future, we should consider the role of mVOCs and combine field observation with model estimation to improve the credibility of BVOCs estimates and provide scientific guidance for air pollution control. And, with climate change, it will be worth exploring the driving variables of BVOCs emissions and its interaction in earth system to unravel how BVOCs emissions will respond to the changing earth system.
Active gating: rocking diffusion channels
Authors: Banerjee Tirthankar , Maes Christian
Published: November 2020

When the contacts of an open system flip between different reservoirs, the resulting nonequilibrium shows increased dynamical activity. We investigate such active gating for one-dimensional symmetric (SEP) and asymmetric (ASEP) exclusion models where the left/right boundary rates for entrance and exit of particles are exchanged at random times. Such rocking makes simple exclusion processes spatially symmetric and on average there is no boundary driving; yet the entropy production increases in the rocking rate. For asymmetric simple exclusion processes a non-monotone density profile can be obtained with particles clustering at the edges. In the totally asymmetric case, there is a bulk transition to a maximal current phase as the rocking exceeds a finite threshold, depending on the boundary rates. We study the resulting density profiles and current as functions of the rocking rate.
The Blagonravov continuously variable transmission: computational model of oscillation generator loading
Authors: Tereshin A V , Yurkevich A V , Soldatkin V A
Published: November 2020

The kinematic diagram of the oscillation generator of the Blagonravov continuously variable transmission is considered in the work. It is shown that the proposed oscillation generator provides the same kinematics of each power flow. A mathematical model is presented in the form of a dependence of the vector load value acting on the crank of the generator on the internal gear ratio of the transmission and the design parameters of the power flows.
Suspended graphene arrays for gas sensing applications
Authors: Gupta Rakesh K , Alqahtani Faisal H , Dawood Omar M , Carini Marco , Criado Alejandro , Prato Maurizio , Garlapati Suresh K , Jones Gareth , Sexton James , Persaud Krishna C , Dang Caroline , Monteverde Umberto , Missous Mohamed , Young Robert J , Boult Stephen , Dixon Neil , Majewski Leszek , Migliorato Max A
Published: November 2020

Suspended graphene (SUS-G) has long been hailed as a potential ‘true graphene’ as its conductive properties are much closer to those of theoretical graphene. However, substantial issues with yield during any device fabrication process have severely limited its use to date. We report the successful fabrication of a fully operational prototype of a miniature 9 mm2 suspended graphene array sensor chip, incorporating 64 graphene sensor devices, each comprising of 180 SUS-G membranes with ever reported 56% fully intact graphene membranes for sensitive and selective gas sensing applications. While a bare sensor chip can operate as a sensitive gas sensor for a variety of gasses such as ammonia, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide, down to ppm/ppb concentrations, a tetrafluorohydroquinone functionalized sensor acquires specificity to formaldehyde gas molecules with limited cross-sensitivity for ethanol, toluene and humidity. Unlike an equivalent device with fully supported functionalized graphene sensor, a functionalized SUS-G sensor can be furthermore reset to its baseline by using UV assisted desorption instead of substrate heating. The low power UV irradiation does not show severe damage to the SUS-G structures and loss of functional probes for the formaldehyde gas—a previously unreported feature. A resettable and selective formaldehyde gas sensor array with mass manufacturability, low power consumption and overall dimensions down to 1 mm2, would represent a significant technological step forward in the development of an electronic nose, for the simultaneous detection of multiple-target gases, with potential for integration in portable electronic devices and the internet of things.
Recurrent hybridization underlies the evolution of novelty in Gentiana (Gentianaceae) in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Fu Peng-Cheng , Twyford Alex D , Sun Shan-Shan , Wang Hong-Yu , Xia Ming-Ze , Tan Cheng-Xi , Zhou Xiao-Jun , Chen Shi-Long
Published: November 2020

The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and adjacent areas are centres of diversity for several alpine groups. Although it is known that the QTP acted as a source area for diversification of the alpine genus Gentiana, the evolutionary processes underlying diversity in this genus, especially the formation of narrow endemics, are still poorly understood. Hybridization has been proposed as a driver of plant endemism in the QTP but few cases have been documented with genetic data. Here, we describe a new endemic species in Gentiana section Cruciata as G. hoae sp. nov., and explore its evolutionary history with complete plastid genomes and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequence data. Genetic divergence within G. hoae ~3 million years ago was followed by postglacial expansion on the QTP, suggesting Pleistocene glaciations as a key factor shaping the population history of G. hoae. Furthermore, a mismatch between plastid and nuclear data suggest that G. hoae participated in historical hybridization, while population sequencing show this species continues to hybridize with the co-occurring congener G. straminea in three locations. Our results indicate that hybridization may be a common process in the evolution of Gentiana and may be widespread among recently diverged taxa of the QTP.
Local community participation challenges in community-based ecotourism development in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo
Authors: Kunjuraman Velan
Published: November 2020

Community-based ecotourism (CBE) is a popular research area, which focuses on destination community participation in ecotourism development for livelihood enhancement. Scholarship on this area evidently elucidated CBE as having delivered benefits to the local community in terms of economic, social, and environmental aspects. However, challenges faced by them to ensure their active participation in CBE still persist and are empirically vague in the context of developing countries. This qualitative study gives primacy to the local communities’ voices especially the challenges faced by those who have been engaged in ecotourism scheme for decades in one of the pioneer ecotourism destination in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. The study discovered that local communities’ challenges in ecotourism development are manifold, thematically categorized into internal and external challenges. The study advised that ecotourism development in Sabah, Malaysia will be in danger, if it fails to emphasize the local community participation and their aspirations, thus weakening the sustainability. The study proposes that stakeholder approach be taken as a remedy to overcome the challenges faced by the local communities in ecotourism in the study site. Finally, the study concludes by highlighting its contribution to the body of knowledge and practical implications based on research findings.
Estimation of cancers caused by light to moderate alcohol consumption in the European Union
Authors: Rovira Pol , Rehm Jürgen
Published: November 2020

Background

Research has identified alcohol to be an important risk factor for several types of cancers. This study estimates the number of incident cancers attributable to alcohol consumption in the European Union (EU) in 2017, with a special focus on those caused by light to moderate drinking levels.

Methods

The attributable-fraction methodology is used to estimate the number of new cancer cases in the year 2017 in the EU caused by alcohol use, and further examines those due to light to moderate drinking levels, defined here as alcohol consumption of <20 g of pure alcohol per day.

Results

Light to moderate drinking levels of alcohol caused almost 23 000 new cancer cases in the EU in 2017, and accounted for 13.3% of all alcohol-attributable cancers, and 2.3% of all cases of the seven alcohol-related cancer types. Almost half of these (∼11 000 cases) were female breast cancers. Also, more than a third of the cancer cases due to light to moderate drinking resulted from a light drinking level of <1 standard drink per day (total: 37%; women: 40%; men: 32%).

Conclusions

Alcohol use, including light to moderate drinking, continues to cause considerable cancer burden, and efforts should be made to reduce this burden. In addition to the alcohol control policies suggested by the World Health Organization, public information campaigns and the placement of warning labels on alcohol containers advising of the cancer risk associated with alcohol use should be initiated to increase knowledge about the alcohol-cancer link.
Wide-spread vulnerability of black ash (Fraxinus nigraMarsh.) wetlands in Minnesota USA to loss of tree dominance from invasive emerald ash borer
Authors: Palik Brian J , D’Amato Anthony W , Slesak Robert A
Published: November 2020

The emerald ash borer (EAB) has killed ash species (Fraxinus L.) in much of eastern North America, but it has yet to reach the vast ash wetlands in northern Minnesota, USA. In these wetlands, a single species, black ash (Fraxinus nigra Marsh.) comprises a majority of trees and has a foundational role in controlling ecosystem function. Given the likelihood of wide-spread mortality of black ash from EAB and the likelihood of severe ecosystem impacts, we examined the potential for co-occurring tree species to replace black ash, either through gap filling in the overstory or release from the understory. We addressed this objective by examining woody plant communities in 32 mature black ash sites located across a large geographic region and inclusive of two distinct wetland types as defined by hydrologic regime. Our results indicate a region-wide lack of species capable of replacing black ash in both wetland hydrologic types; thus there is very low existing potential for replacement of black ash from expansion in the overstory or through release in the understory. These results point to an urgent need for silvicultural intervention to identify and establish future-adapted non-ash tree species so as to promote resilience in the face of EAB by maintaining aspects of the foundational role of black ash in controlling ecosystem functions.
∞-Operads as Analytic Monads
Authors: Gepner David , Haugseng Rune , Kock Joachim
Published: November 2020

We develop an $\infty $-categorical version of the classical theory of polynomial and analytic functors, initial algebras, and free monads. Using this machinery, we provide a new model for $\infty $-operads, namely $\infty $-operads as analytic monads. We justify this definition by proving that the $\infty $-category of analytic monads is equivalent to that of dendroidal Segal spaces, known to be equivalent to the other existing models for $\infty $-operads.
212 Biosecurity practices associated with negative farm status for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and swine influenza virus in farrow-to-finish pig farms
Authors: Calderon Diaz Julia A , da Costa Maria Rodrigues , Manzanilla Edgar Garcia
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study was to identify biosecurity practices associated negative status (-) for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MHYO), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv), and swine influenza virus (SIV) in pig farms. Biosecurity practices were assessed using the Biocheck.UGentTM questionnaire in 54 Irish farrow-to-finish pig farms. For each farm, a batch of pigs was observed at slaughter and blood samples were collected from 32 randomly selected pigs per farm at exsanguination. Serology analysis was performed using IDEXX ELISA kits and farms were classified with either positive or negative status for each of the respiratory diseases. Data were analysed using univariable logistic regression in PROC GENMOD of SAS v9.4. Results are presented as odds ratios (OR) and their associated 95% confidence interval (CI). Regularly cleaning materials used for disease treatment between litters (OR=8.2, CI=0.97-69.87), cleaning driving boards (OR=5.5, CI=1.07-28.20) and a maximal density of 3 pigs/m2 in the nursery were associated (P< 0.05) with an increased likelihood of MHYO(-). The feeding company meeting special hygienic requirements (OR=3.84, CI=1.14-12.95) and a strict all-in-all-out management in each finishing room (OR=3.84, CI=1.14-12.95) were associated (P< 0.05) with an increased likelihood of PRRSv(-). However, having disinfection baths between each room (OR=0.20, CI=0.06-0.68) and footbaths installed at the entrance of each building (OR=0.15, CI=0.04-0.52) were associated (P< 0.05) with decreased likelihood of PRRSv(-). Only allowing visitors’ access to the farm from a hygiene lock (OR=4.41, CI=1.04-18.71), and minimal piglet handling during lactation were associated with an increased likelihood of SIV(-) (P< 0.05). Results indicate that biosecurity practices regarding cleaning and disinfection and animal management are the most associated with a negative farm status for respiratory disease. It is possible that the biosecurity practices implemented in farms with lower likelihood for negative status were applied in a more ‘reactionary’ than ‘preventive’ manner.
244 Algae taste preference of Chlorella sp. from dairy wastewater by weaned dairy calves
Authors: Heins Bradley J , Luzzi Siane C , Gardner Robert D
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the taste preference of calves fed Chlorella sp. microalgae produced from dairy lagoon wastewater. The study was conducted at the University of Minnesota West Central Research and Outreach Center, Morris, MN, dairy during May 2019. Six Holstein and crossbred dairy heifer calves were fed 0 (control), 30, and 60 g of Chlorella sp. daily in a sequential elimination study. For the 7-d experiment, day 1 to 2 were for diet adaptation and day 3 to 4 were for data collection. During the final 3 days, the primarily consumed treatment was removed to determine the second preferred treatment. The microalgae used in this study was isolated from the dairy wastewater lagoon. The microalgae biomass was produced using outdoor hanging bag bioreactors with Chlorella sp. to recycle the dairy wastewater. The biomass was sterilized and kept frozen at -4°C until fed to calves. Calves were housed individually in hutches with outdoor access under solar panels, with free-choice water. Kendall’s coefficient of concordance was calculated to rank the consumption of the treatments from most to least preferred using JMP 14.3 statistical software. Pairwise comparisons and Tukey adjustment were applied to evaluate the difference between the treatments for total intake. Calves consumed more (P < 0.05) dry matter from control grain (3.4 kg/d) compared to 30 g microalgae grain (2.42 kg/d) and 60 g microalgae grain (1.56 kg/d) during the first 2-d period. During the second 2-d (d 3 and 4) segment, dry matter intake was reduced (P < 0.05) for the 60 g microalgae treatment compared to the control and 30 g microalgae treatment. Five of six calves in this study always ranked the control treatment first (P < 0.05) when given a choice, and ranked the 30 g microalgae second choice. Results indicated that microalgae maybe added to calf starter grains without any adverse effects; however, calves preferred calf starter grains without microalgae.
14 Challenges and opportunities for formulating low-protein diets for maintaining growth and N-retention of weanling and growing-finishing pigs
Authors: Htoo John K
Published: November 2020

For more than two decades, numerous studies have been conducted evaluating the effects of lowering CP level in pig diets. It is now accepted that lowering dietary CP level and adding crystalline amino acids (CAA) improves N utilization and consequently reduces N excretion. Increased availability of CAA such as Lys, Thr, Met, Trp, Val (Ile, Arg and His) allows nutritionists to further reduce dietary CP level while meeting pigs’ AA requirements more closely. However, pig performance was sometimes compromised when the dietary CP level was reduced more than 4 percentage units and adding high inclusion levels of CAA. An increase in backfat thickness was also sometimes reported when feeding finishing pigs with low CP diets. The potential reasons for such inconsistent results are due to the deficiency of the next limiting AA (typically Val and Ile), inaccurate feed mixing and insufficient amount of non-essential AA (NEAA) in the low CP diets. Formulating low CP diets on similar energy content as for the high CP diets on ME basis sometimes led to a greater backfat thickness in finishing pigs which was mainly due to increased energy utilization of pigs fed low CP diets coupled with the excess energy being stored as carcass fat. Based on the results of these experiments, optimal growth performance, carcass quality and N retention of pigs can be maintained when low CP diets are balanced for adequate levels of both essential AA and NEAA on the standardized ileal digestible basis combined with formulating on NE basis. Research suggests that keeping a maximum total Lys:CP ratio of 7.4% could overcome deficiency of NEAA in the low CP diets. Based on published N-balance studies, 1 percent unit dietary CP reduction results on average 9% reduction in N excretion in pigs which is an effective approach to become more sustainable pork production.
246 Effect of increasing levels of dietary starch on equine cecal microbiota
Authors: Halpin Michael Y , Drouillard James , Douthit Teresa , Ran Qinghong , Bradford Barry J , Marthaler Douglas , Ochonski Patricia , Lattimer James M
Published: November 2020

An experiment was conducted with 6 cecally cannulated horses (524 ± 65.5 kg BW) to evaluate effects of increasing dietary starch on equine cecal microbiota. Starch was supplied via corn pellets and was increased by 0.5 g starch/kg BW/meal every 7 d until horses received 3.5 g starch/kg BW/meal. Throughout the experiment, Smooth Bromegrass hay and water were offered ad libitum. Meals were fed every 6 h, starting at 0600 h. On d 7 of each period, cecal digesta was collected every 2 h for 12 h. Within period, cecal samples for each horse were pooled and DNA was extracted for PCR amplification of the 16 S rRNA gene (V3 and V4 regions) and sequencing via Illumina MiSeq. Alpha and beta diversity were measured. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block with fixed effect of starch level and random effect of horse (SAS version 9.4). If a horse presented with colic, it was removed from the experiment. Parameters when feeding 1.5 g starch/kg BW/meal were compared between horses which completed the trial and those removed using covariate of 0 g starch/kg BW/meal. Feeding 1.5 g starch/kg BW/meal elicited the greatest changes in microbiota, indicated by reduced (P ≤ 0.02) operational taxonomical units and Faith phylogenetic diversity and different (P ≤ 0.017) beta diversity compared to all other treatments. Across treatments, Firmicutes was the most abundant phyla, followed by Bacteroidetes. Feeding 1.5 g starch/kg BW/meal led to lowest (P ≤ 0.0342) relative abundance (RA) of Prevotella, Treponema, Phascolarctobacterium, and [Prevotella]. Horses that persisted throughout the experiment had reduced (P = 0.0163) RA of Ruminococcus and greater RA of Phascolarctobacterium (P = 0.0057) when consuming 1.5 g starch/kg BW/meal compared to those removed. This is the first report describing effects of gradually increasing dietary starch on equine cecal microbiota in vivo.
191 Equine Extension Program Delivery Methods
Authors: Brady Colleen
Published: November 2020

Equine Extension programs have existed since the beginning of extension. Although traditionally programs have been delivered through face to face meetings, workshops, camps and fact sheets, in the 21st century the clientele are seeking information in the traditional ways, as well as through other outlets. Electronic and digital methods of delivery are becoming increasingly used, and popular for delivery of equine extension programs. These range from the use of social media outlets such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube, to the development and dissemination of online courses and seminars that are targeted to equine audiences. The national group Extension Horses, Inc., has used all of these methods to increase their reach and impact to national, and international, horse extension audiences. As of November, 2019, Extension Horses, Inc. had 11,059 likes on Facebook, with a reach of 125,478 for the week the report was generated, and engagement of 10,120. YouTube has been a very successful delivery method for the group, with 14,532 followers, 8.436 million views, and over 148,000 minutes of video watched. Webinars are frequently used to conduct equine extension programs, and Pulec, et al (2016), showed that they were an effective tool for reaching horse owner audiences. One of the advantages of using digital methods to conduct equine extension programs is that they allow the audience to access the programs 24/7/365. This is especially important in areas where there may not be enough clientele in a geographical area to justify a face to face event. In this presentation, we will discuss best practices for development of digitally based equine extension delivery, as well as educational theoretical frameworks to assist in the assessment of the effectiveness of these programs.
35 Effect of feeding 60% dried corn distillers grains plus solubles or the equivalent sulfur on performance, hormone concentrations, and glutathione peroxidase activity in yearling Angus bulls
Authors: Kassetas Cierrah J , Caton Joel S , Kirsch James D , Dorsam Sheri T , McCarthy Kacie L , Crouse Matthew , Neville Bryan , Sedivec Kevin K , Dahlen Carl R
Published: November 2020

The objectives were to investigate the effects of feeding 60% dried corn distillers grains plus solubles (DCD) or equivalent sulfur as calcium sulfate (CaSO4) on performance, hormone concentrations, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in yearling bulls. Thirty-six half-sibling Angus bulls [256 ± 8 d; initial BW = 320 ± 2 kg] were assigned one of three treatments: 1) corn-based diet containing 60% concentrate (CON; S = 0.18%; n = 12); 2) diet containing 60% DCD as a replacement for corn (DDGS; S = 0.53% DM; n = 12); 3) CON diet + equivalent sulfur of the DDGS diet added as CaSO4 (SULF; S = 0.51%; n = 12). Bulls were fed in Calan gates to target an average daily gain (ADG) of 1.6 kg/d. Data were analyzed as repeated measures using PROC MIXED in SAS. Blood and semen samples were collected on d 0, 56, and 112 then evaluated for concentrations of testosterone, thyroxine, triiodothyronine in serum, and GPx activity in seminal plasma. By design, no differences (P ³ 0.14) were observed among treatments for final BW, ADG or dry matter intake. However, DDGS tended (P = 0.07) to have reduced gain: feed when compared with CON, whereas SULF was intermediate. No differences (P ³ 0.13) were observed among treatments for serum concentrations of testosterone and thyroxine; however, DDGS had reduced (P = 0.009) triiodothyronine concentrations compared with CON and SULF. A treatment ′ d interaction (P = 0.03) was observed for seminal plasma GPx. On d 56, GPx activity was greater (P = 0.03) for DDGS compared with CON, whereas SULF was intermediate, but on d 112, DDGS had greater (P £ 0.02) GPx activity compared with CON and SULF. Therefore, alterations in triiodothyronine concentrations and GPx activity among treatments indicates that DDGS may influence characteristics of semen quality.
39 Effects of increasing iron dextran dosage at birth on the hematological profile and growth performance of piglets during the lactation period
Authors: Chevalier Tyler B , Monegue Harold J , Lindemann Merlin D
Published: November 2020

The objective of the experiment was to critically monitor the blood profile and growth performance of piglets during the lactation period after receiving various amounts of injectable iron at birth. A total of 70, newborn pigs (initial BW 1.51 ± 0.26 kg) from 7 litters were assigned to 1 of 5 iron dosage treatments on d 0. Injectable iron dosage treatments were 0, 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg iron from iron dextran. BW and blood samples were collected on d 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, and 22 (weaning) and blood was analyzed for a complete blood count (CBC). Blood was only sampled from 50 of the 70 pigs as the pigs not sampled were used for tissue collection at weaning and postweaning. Data were analyzed as repeated measures using the individual pig as the experimental unit. As early as d 1 after the injection, hemoglobin concentration (Hb) improved (linear: P < 0.05). The Hb response was both linear (P < 0.001) and quadratic (P ≤ 0.01) from d 3 through weaning at d 22. For the 50 and 100 mg iron treatments, Hb peaked at d 6, whereas Hb for the 200 and 300 mg iron treatments peaked on d 17. Other CBC measures followed a similar pattern of improvement from d 2-3 through weaning as the iron dosage increased. Average daily gain was greater (linear: P = 0.04 and quadratic: P = 0.05) from d 0 to 22 which, in turn, led to a linear improvement (P ≤ 0.05) in weaning BW. Increasing iron injection dosage at birth leads to an improved blood profile and greater ADG during the nursing period (d 0-22). The dosage provided also affects the timing and magnitude of the peak Hb response.
121 The impact of changing consumer preferences on production and management practices at cow-calf level
Authors: Pritchard Robbi H
Published: November 2020

Changes in cow-calf operations and management need to be deliberate and focus on consumer preferences that are substantive and enduring. For the sake of argument these preference changes could include: 1) continued erosion of the image of the cattle industry; 2) growth in demand of high quality grade beef, likely branded, and available at an affordable price; 3) production systems that yield improvements in cattle health, have a lesser environmental impact, and demonstrate prudent animal care and well-being; 4) Specification systems that may or may not include stipulations such as grass fed or non-implanted. At the ranch level there will be continued pressure to pursue rapid, efficient growth, marbling, structural soundness, and immunocompetence via genetic selection. A major step to reduce health problems is to reduce co-mingling. To achieve this goal breeding programs will change to improve the genetic and phenotypic uniformity and possibly the heterosis of the calf crop on each ranch. The National calving season needs to be more uniformly distributed throughout the year. New, more relevant cattle performance metrics will be developed. Calves that fit a branded production stream will have more value. Production streams that require Verified processes will be inequitably distributed across herd size because of associated costs, forcing smaller herds to either coop, vertically integrate, or accept generic cattle prices. Because of the diversity of environments and corresponding compatible bio-types of cows, identifying the profitable combination of specific branded systems with the genetics, calving season, labor, resource management and nutrition program of the ranch is very complicated. It will be increasingly necessary to put incremental response assessments in the context of the greater production-product system. Successful adaptors will place a much greater reliance on strong technical support in the areas of genetics, nutrition, growth, animal handling, documentation, and branded production streams.
128 Determining the effects of high phytase levels and feeding duration on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs
Authors: Vier Carine , Dritz Steve S , Tokach Mike D , Bergstrom Jon , Woodworth Jason C , Goodband Robert D , DeRouchey Joel M
Published: November 2020

Our objective was to determine the effects of high phytase levels and feeding duration on performance of growing finishing pigs. A total of 1,215 barrows and gilts (PIC 359×Camborough, initially 28.0±0.47 kg) were used in a 126-d growth trial with 27 pigs per pen and 15 pens per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Diets were corn-soybean meal-dried distillers grains with solubles-based.Treatments were: 1) Control (no added phytase); 2) Grower phytase (1,500 FYT/kg added phytase fed from d 0 to 57, then no phytase from d 57 to market); and 3) Grow-finish phytase (1,500 FYT/kg added phytase fed throughout the study). Phytase (Ronozyme Hiphos GT 2500, heat-stable; DSM Nutritional Products, Inc., Parsippany, NJ) was assumed to release 0.146% digestible phosphorus (P), 0.166% available P, 0.102% STTD calcium, 53 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy, 42 kcal/kg of net energy (NE), and 0.0217, 0.0003, 0.00886, 0.0224, 0.0056, 0.0122, and 0.0163% standardized ileal digestible lysine, methionine, methionine+cysteine, threonine, tryptophan, isoleucine, and valine, respectively. Beef tallow and feed grade amino acids (AA) were added to the diets without phytase to balance NE and AA across treatments. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models with pen as the experimental unit.Overall, pigs fed diets with no phytase and pigs that were only fed phytase in the grower period had greater (P< 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (G:F) than pigs fed the phytase-containing diets until market. Pigs fed the control and grower phytase treatments had greater (P< 0.10) hot carcass weight (HCW) than the phytase throughout treatment. No evidence of differences (P >0.10) were observed for other carcass characteristics. In summary, adding 1,500 FYT/kg of phytase and using full matrix values for minerals, AA, and energy had detrimental effects on ADG, G:F, and HCW in this study when applied to the entire grow-finish period.
89 Nutrition and Feeding of the Modern Hyperprolific Sow
Authors: Greiner Laura L
Published: November 2020

Over the last 25 years, the sow has developed to have a leaner body mass to address the need for leaner, fast growing offspring. The leaner body mass results in a female that biologically can have a lower feed intake. Furthermore, the number of pigs born per litter and milk production have also increased during the same timeframe. Much research has been conducted over the years to investigate the amino acid and energy requirements of both the lactating and gestating sow; however, application of the research has resulted in varied responses. The varied responses can be related to sow health, environmental influences, litter growth rates, and anticipated body reserve changes during lactation. Furthermore, calculations associated with the regression of reproductive tissue after farrowing can complicate the analysis of amino acid requirements. This presentation will discuss some of the recent research associated with feeding the modern sow, potentially challenging some of the differences in data, and offering some thoughts on looking towards the next 25 years of sow production.