bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute pain impairs retention of locomotor learning
Authors: Galgiani Jessica E. , French Margaret A. , Morton Susanne M.
Published: February 2024

Pain is a highly prevalent and burdensome experience that rehabilitation practitioners often treat using motor learning-based interventions. Here, we showed that experimental acute pain, but not a heat stimulus, during locomotor learning impaired 24-h retention of the newly learned walking pattern. The degree of retention loss was related to the perceived pain level during learning. These findings suggest important links between pain and motor learning that have significant implications for clinical rehabilitation.
The Effect of Excavation Disturbance on the Stability of Bedding Cataclastic Rock Mass High Slope Containing Multimuddy Interlayers
Authors: Liu Fei , Zhang Jiaming , Guo Pengzheng , Liu Wenlian , Wang Zhiqiang , Chen Jipu
Published: February 2024

In China, slope engineering occasionally faces landslides in rocky slopes containing muddy interlayers, primarily triggered by excavation activities. These incidents lead to considerable human casualties and substantial economic losses. However, existing studies predominantly concentrate on the excavation‐induced impacts on the stability of rocky slopes characterized by single‐layered soft and weak interlayers. Conversely, reports on how excavation influences the stability of bedding cataclastic rock mass high slope containing multimuddy interlayers remain notably absent in the literature. Moreover, unloading due to excavation can swiftly compromise the mechanical integrity and overall quality of the rock mass, consequently impacting the stability of slopes postexcavation. Therefore, this paper modeled the unstable slope excavated at a waste incineration power plant in Yuxi, Yunnan, using the finite element strength reduction method. This approach was employed to comprehensively simulate the entire process of artificial multilevel excavation in a bedding cataclastic rock mass high slope containing multimuddy interlayers. This study investigated the impact of multilevel artificial excavation on slope stability by thoroughly considering factors including alterations in slope morphology, unloading effects, and the degradation of geotechnical parameters. The research yielded the subsequent conclusions. Multimuddy interlayers were the key to the slope’s instability. For slopes subjected to such multilevel excavation, efforts were made to minimize the exposure of muddy interlayers. Slopes above exposed muddy interlayers did not require additional support, while those below needed prioritized reinforcement. The likely instability mode of the actual slope was local destabilization leading to landslides. Furthermore, when using numerical simulation methods to study the impact of excavation disturbances on the stability of such slopes, it was necessary to consider the deterioration of geotechnical parameters to obtain results more reflective of actual conditions. These research findings provided valuable theoretical and empirical support for studies on similar excavated slopes.
Proteomics and Its Current Application in Biomedical Area: Concise Review
Authors: Gobena Semira , Admassu Bemrew , Kinde Mebrie Zemene , Gessese Abebe Tesfaye
Published: February 2024

Biomedical researchers tirelessly seek cutting-edge technologies to advance disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and therapeutic interventions, all aimed at enhancing human and animal well-being. Within this realm, proteomics stands out as a pivotal technology, focusing on extensive studies of protein composition, structure, function, and interactions. Proteomics, with its subdivisions of expression, structural, and functional proteomics, plays a crucial role in unraveling the complexities of biological systems. Various sophisticated techniques are employed in proteomics, including polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry analysis, NMR spectroscopy, protein microarray, X-ray crystallography, and Edman sequencing. These methods collectively contribute to the comprehensive understanding of proteins and their roles in health and disease. In the biomedical field, proteomics finds widespread application in cancer research and diagnosis, stem cell studies, and the diagnosis and research of both infectious and noninfectious diseases. In addition, it plays a pivotal role in drug discovery and the emerging frontier of personalized medicine. The versatility of proteomics allows researchers to delve into the intricacies of molecular mechanisms, paving the way for innovative therapeutic approaches. As infectious and noninfectious diseases continue to emerge and the field of biomedical research expands, the significance of proteomics becomes increasingly evident. Keeping abreast of the latest developments in proteomics applications becomes paramount for the development of therapeutics, translational research, and study of diverse diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of proteomics, offering a concise outline of its current applications in the biomedical domain. By doing so, it seeks to contribute to the understanding and advancement of proteomics, emphasizing its pivotal role in shaping the future of biomedical research and therapeutic interventions.
Anthropometric and Biochemical Correlations of Insulin Resistance in a Middle-Aged Maltese Caucasian Population
Authors: Agius Rachel , Pace Nikolai Paul , Fava Stephen
Published: February 2024

Background. Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk, and with increased all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. A number of surrogate markers are used in clinical practice to diagnose IR. The aim of this study was to investigate the discriminatory power of a number of routinely available anthropometric and biochemical variables in predicting IR and to determine their optimal cutoffs. Methods. We performed a cross-sectional study in a cohort of middle-aged individuals. We used receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analyses in order to determine the discriminatory power of parameters of interest in detecting IR, which was defined as homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance ≥2.5. Results. Both the lipid accumulation product (LAP) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) exhibited good discriminatory power to detect IR in both males and females. The optimal cutoffs were 42.5 and 1.44, respectively, in males and 36.2 and 1.41, respectively, in females. Serum triglycerides (TG) and waist circumference (WC) similarly demonstrated good discriminatory power in detecting IR in both sexes. The optimal cutoffs for serum TG and WC were 1.35 mmol/L and 96.5 cm, respectively, in men and 1.33 mmol/L and 82 cm, respectively, in women. On the other hand, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, liver transaminases, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum uric acid, ferritin, waist-hip ratio, “A” body shape, thigh circumference, and weight-adjusted thigh circumference all had poor discriminatory power. Conclusions. Our data show that LAP, VAI, TG, and WC all have good discriminatory power in detecting IR in both men and women. The optimal cutoffs for TG and WC were lower than those currently recommended in both sexes. Replication studies are required in different subpopulations and different ethnicities in order to be able to update the current cut points to ones which reflect the contemporary population as well as to evaluate their longitudinal relationship with longer-term cardiometabolic outcomes.
Study on Nanomaterials Coated Natural Coir Fibers as Crack Arrestor in Cement Composite
Authors: Musale Akshata , Hunashyal Anand M. , Patil Arun Y. , Kumar Raman , Ahamad Tansir , Kalam M. A. , Patel Mahaboob
Published: February 2024

The process of inclusion of carbon nanotubes as fibers in cement paste has been proved to have optimistic effect as it enhances the tensile property of cement paste composite. Coir fibers have exceptional mechanical qualities and are thus employed as reinforcement in cement composites. Epoxy resin, which has a high Young’s modulus, is an ideal component for bonding carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to coir fiber. This paper describes a novel kind of nanocomposite made of L‐12 epoxy resin and CNTs at the nanolevel, along with coir fibers at the microlevel which operate as crack arrestors. To remove surface contaminants, coir fibers are first treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Epoxy/CNTs polymer coatings were developed at varying CNTs fractions (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 wt.% of cement). Multiwalled CNTs were combined in distilled water, followed by epoxy resin and hardener (9 : 1 v/v) polymer in an ultrasonic sonicator for 90 min to ensure full dispersion of CNTs within the epoxy polymer. This blend is now coated on the treated clustered coir fiber (length 10 cm, 10 strands) and reinforced along the length of a cement composite beam 20 mm × 20 mm × 80 mm in size. Tensile and three‐point tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical characteristics of the hybrid composite. The linear elastic finite element analysis is employed to distinguish their failure phenomena via fatigue or fracture behavior. The microstructure behavior and the effect of coating material on the coir fibers were investigated using scanning electron microscope and EDX analysis. The reinforcing impact of nanopolymer coated coir fiber in cement composite diminished the tensile and flexural strength after 0.1 wt.% of CNT fraction but increased the composite’s durability and Young’s modulus. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis was carried out to assess the chemical interaction between the epoxy/CNTs and the coir fibers. The simulation was performed using ANSYS workbench, and the modeling results were within an acceptable 10% range of the experimental data. Nevertheless, it can be concluded that the hybrid composite is capable of enhancing the composite’s stress and strain capacity by regulating the fracture propagation process at the crack’s end.
Systemic Biological Mechanisms of Neurocognitive Dysfunction in Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Williams AnnaLynn M. , Liu Wei , Ehrhardt Matthew J. , Mirzaei Salehabadi Sedigheh , Panoskaltsis-Mortari Angela , Phillips Nicholas S. , Mulrooney Daniel A. , Flerlage Jamie E. , Yasui Yutaka , Srivastava Deokumar , Robison Leslie L. , Hudson Melissa M. , Ness Kirsten K. , Sabin Noah D. , Krull Kevin R.
Published: February 2024

Purpose:

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors experience neurocognitive impairment despite receiving no central nervous system–directed therapy, though little is known about the underlying mechanisms.

Experimental Design:

HL survivors (n = 197) and age-, sex- and race/ethnicity frequency-matched community controls (n = 199) underwent standardized neurocognitive testing, and serum collection. Luminex multiplex or ELISA assays measured markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Linear regression models compared biomarker concentrations between survivors and controls and with neurocognitive outcomes, adjusting for age, sex, race, body mass index, anti-inflammatory medication, and recent infections.

Results:

HL survivors [mean (SD) current age 36 (8) years, 22 (8) years after diagnosis] demonstrated higher concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL6), high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP), oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), compared with controls (P’s < 0.001). Among survivors, higher concentrations of IL6 were associated with worse visuomotor processing speed (P = 0.046). hs-CRP ≥3 mg/L was associated with worse attention, processing speed, memory, and executive function (P’s < 0.05). Higher concentrations of malondialdehyde were associated with worse focused attention and visual processing speed (P’s < 0.05). Homocysteine was associated with worse short-term recall (P = 0.008). None of these associations were statistically significant among controls. Among survivors, hs-CRP partially mediated associations between cardiovascular or endocrine conditions and visual processing speed, whereas IL6 partially mediated associations between pulmonary conditions and visuomotor processing speed.

Conclusions:

Neurocognitive function in long-term survivors of HL appears to be associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, both representing potential targets for future intervention trials.
Machine Learning Links T-cell Function and Spatial Localization to Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy and Clinical Outcome in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Blise Katie E. , Sivagnanam Shamilene , Betts Courtney B. , Betre Konjit , Kirchberger Nell , Tate Benjamin J. , Furth Emma E. , Dias Costa Andressa , Nowak Jonathan A. , Wolpin Brian M. , Vonderheide Robert H. , Goecks Jeremy , Coussens Lisa M. , Byrne Katelyn T.
Published: February 2024

Tumor molecular data sets are becoming increasingly complex, making it nearly impossible for humans alone to effectively analyze them. Here, we demonstrate the power of using machine learning (ML) to analyze a single-cell, spatial, and highly multiplexed proteomic data set from human pancreatic cancer and reveal underlying biological mechanisms that may contribute to clinical outcomes. We designed a multiplex immunohistochemistry antibody panel to compare T-cell functionality and spatial localization in resected tumors from treatment-naïve patients with localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with resected tumors from a second cohort of patients treated with neoadjuvant agonistic CD40 (anti-CD40) monoclonal antibody therapy. In total, nearly 2.5 million cells from 306 tissue regions collected from 29 patients across both cohorts were assayed, and over 1,000 tumor microenvironment (TME) features were quantified. We then trained ML models to accurately predict anti-CD40 treatment status and disease-free survival (DFS) following anti-CD40 therapy based on TME features. Through downstream interpretation of the ML models’ predictions, we found anti-CD40 therapy reduced canonical aspects of T-cell exhaustion within the TME, as compared with treatment-naïve TMEs. Using automated clustering approaches, we found improved DFS following anti-CD40 therapy correlated with an increased presence of CD44+CD4+ Th1 cells located specifically within cellular neighborhoods characterized by increased T-cell proliferation, antigen experience, and cytotoxicity in immune aggregates. Overall, our results demonstrate the utility of ML in molecular cancer immunology applications, highlight the impact of anti-CD40 therapy on T cells within the TME, and identify potential candidate biomarkers of DFS for anti-CD40–treated patients with PDAC.
Figure S2 from NRF2 Activation in Trp53;p16-deficient Mice Drives Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hamad Samera H. , Sellers Rani S. , Wamsley Nathan , Zolkind Paul , Schrank Travis P. , Major Michael B. , Weissman Bernard E.
Published: February 2024

Figure S2 shows examples of ear squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from CP and CPN mice.
Rejuvenated iPSC-derived GD2-directed CART Cells Harbor Robust Cytotoxicity Against Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kinoshita Shintaro , Ishii Midori , Ando Jun , Kimura Takaharu , Yamaguchi Tomoyuki , Harada Sakiko , Takahashi Fumiyuki , Nakashima Kazutaka , Nakazawa Yozo , Yamazaki Satoshi , Ohshima Koichi , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Nakauchi Hiromitsu , Ando Miki
Published: February 2024

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is exceptionally aggressive, with limited treatment options. Disialoganglioside (GD2) is highly expressed on SCLC and is considered a good target for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells (CART). Although GD2-directed CARTs (GD2-CART) exhibit cytotoxicity against various GD2-expressing tumors, they lack significant cytotoxicity against SCLC. To enhance cytotoxicity of GD2-CARTs against SCLC, we introduced GD2-CAR into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived rejuvenated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (GD2-CARrejT). GD2-CARrejTs acted much more strongly against SCLC cells than did GD2-CARTs both in vitro and in vivo. Single-cell RNA sequencing elucidated that levels of expression of TIGIT were significantly lower and levels of expression of genes associated with cytotoxicity were significantly higher in GD2-CARrejTs than those in GD2-CARTs. Dual blockade of TIGIT and programmed death-1 (PD-1) increased the cytotoxicity of GD2-CARTs to some extent, suggesting that low TIGIT and PD-1 expression by GD2-CARrejTs is a major factor required for robust cytotoxicity against SCLC. Not only for robust cytotoxicity but also for availability as “off-the-shelf” T-cell therapy, iPSC-derived GD2-CARrejTs are a promising novel treatment for SCLC.

Significance:

This research introduces iPSC-derived rejuvenated GD2-CARTs (GD2-CARrejT) as a novel approach to combat SCLC. Compared with conventional GD2-CARTs, GD2-CARrejTs with reduced TIGIT and PD-1 expression demonstrate robust cytotoxicity against SCLC and would be a promising therapy for SCLC.
Effects of 5-Week Oral Acetazolamide on Incremental Cycling Exercise in Pulmonary Arterial and Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded, Crossover Trial
Authors: Müller Julian , Appenzeller Paula , Lichtblau Mona , Saxer Stéphanie , Berlier Charlotte , Schneider Simon R. , Furian Michael , Schwarz Esther I. , Swenson Erik R. , Bloch Konrad E. , Ulrich Silvia
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Acetazolamide (AZA) improves nocturnal and daytime blood oxygenation in patients with pulmonary vascular disease (PVD), defined as pulmonary arterial and distal chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), and may improve exercise performance. Methods: We investigated the effect of 5 weeks of AZA (250 mg bid) versus placebo on maximal load during incremental cycling ramp exercise in patients with PVD studied in a randomized controlled, double-blind, crossover design, separated by > 2 weeks of washout. Results: Twenty-five patients (12 pulmonary arterial hypertension, 13 CTEPH, 40% women, age 62 ± 15 years) completed the trial according to the protocol. Maximum load was similar after 5 weeks of AZA versus placebo (113 ± 9 vs. 117 ± 9 watts [W]), mean difference −4 W (95% CI: −9 to 1, p = 0.138). With AZA, maximum (max)-exercise partial pressure of O2 (PaO2) was significantly higher by 1.1 kPa (95% CI: 0.5–1.8, p = 0.003), while arterial pH and partial pressure of CO2 were significantly lower. Gas exchange threshold was reached at a higher load with AZA (108 ± 8 W vs. 97 ± 8 W) and was therefore delayed by 11 W (95% CI: 3–19, p = 0.013), while the ventilatory equivalent for O2 and CO2 were significantly higher at both the max-exercise and gas exchange threshold with AZA versus placebo. Conclusion: AZA for 5 weeks did not significantly change maximum exercise capacity in patients with PVD despite a significant increase in PaO2. The beneficial effects of increased blood oxygenation may have been diminished by increased ventilation due to AZA-induced metabolic acidosis and increased dyspnea.
Clinical Significance of the Post/Preoperative Anti-p53 Antibody Ratio in Predicting the Prognosis of Patients with Colorectal Cancer after Curative Surgery and Its Usefulness in Combination with Carcinoembryonic Antigen
Authors: Numata Koji , Shiozawa Manabu , Ono Yukari , Iguchi Kenta , Uchiyama Mamoru , Asari Masahiro , Rino Yasushi , Saito Aya
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Anti-p53 antibody (p53Ab) is useful for monitoring colorectal cancer (CRC) recurrence. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical impact of p53Ab ratio (p53R) before and after surgery to predict recurrence in patients with CRC. Methods: In total, 1,223 patients with stage I–III CRC who underwent curative surgery between January 2005 and December 2019 were enrolled in this retrospective study. In patients with elevated p53Ab levels, p53R was calculated by measuring p53Ab levels within 1 month preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. The optimal p53R level was determined, and its relationship with clinicopathological factors and prognosis was examined. We also evaluated the efficacy of the combination of p53R and preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) values. Results: Overall, 341 patients (27.9%) showed elevated p53Ab levels. Preoperative p53Ab levels were significantly associated with tumor location, lymphatic invasion, and venous invasion. The p53R level was significantly higher in patients with recurrent disease. Patients with high p53R levels had significantly shorter relapse-free survival than those with low p53R levels (p < 0.001). When p53R was combined with preoperative CEA values, specificity improved to 0.97, with an accuracy of 0.88. Conclusion: In patients with CRC and elevated preoperative p53Ab levels, p53R expression may be prognostically useful after radical resection. Furthermore, the combination of p53R and preoperative CEA levels may be useful for postoperative follow-ups.
Spatial distribution of lower intertidal decapods on the northern Patagonian coast (Pelluhuín beach, Puerto Montt, 41°29′S, Chile)
Authors: De los Rios-Escalante Patricio , Ibáñez-Arancibia Eliana , Ghory Farhana S. , Esse Carlos
Published: February 2024

The decapod fauna of Chile’s intertidal shores in inner seas south of 40°S has relatively low diversity because of the presence of low-salinity waters due to river inputs and glacial smelts; nevertheless it is possible that the same decapods species are found as on the northern and central Chilean coast. The aim of the present study was to determine the spatial distribution patterns of lower intertidal decapods on Pelluhuín beach, a small beach south of Puerto Montt, northern Patagonia. Data were obtained by counting individuals from random quadrants in intertidal zones; to the obtained data the variance/mean ratio was applied to determine if the specimens have a random, aggregate or uniform distribution, which are associated with Poisson, negative binomial or positive binomial distributions respectively. Among four of the species observed, a uniform distribution (positive binomial) was reported, and one had an aggregated pattern (negative binomial). The sites correspond to rocky shores in semi-urban zones, and in a protected zone. Our results on the interpretative probabilistic models of aggregated distribution patterns agree with previously reported observations of decapods on the rocky shores of Northern and Central Chile, specifically in interpretative probabilistic models.
Recent Limitations to the Theory of Acts of Sovereignty and What They Mean for Judicial Independence in Egypt
Authors: Eweida Arig M.
Published: February 2024

The theory of acts of sovereignty is a serious limitation on the scope of judicial review. This paper examines the recent applications of the theory by the Egyptian State Council and the Supreme Constitutional Court which aim to widen the scope of judicial review by limiting the applications of the theory of acts of sovereignty. The two cases studied were decided amid political tensions. These cases cannot be understood separately from the political environment in which they were decided and the status of guarantees made for the impartiality of judges within this context. This paper argues that although both cases are important steps forward, they fail to establish a lasting limitation on the theory.
Compelling Legends
Authors: Gellman Uriel
Published: February 2024

This article contributes to recent discussions regarding the reliability and modes of historical usability of Shivḥei ha-Beshṭ—the earliest Ḥasidic hagiography about the Baʿal Shem Ṭov, the alleged founder of Ḥasidism, and his circle. It considers the biographical portrayal of one of the members of the Beshṭ’s circle as an example for the narrative construction of early Ḥasidism. An unknown text is then presented as external evidence for one of the legends, enabling insight into the prolonged formation of this hagiographical compendium from the recounted events until its publication in 1814. This test case contributes to inquiries such as the place of historical events in sacred narratives, the cultural contexts for the composition of such legends, and the significance of their apparent reliability as the narrator’s agendas towards audience’s appreciation.
UK Withdrawal From the European Convention on Human Rights: A Disaster for lgbt People
Authors: Johnson Paul
Published: February 2024

Since the European Convention on Human Rights entered into force in 1953, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people have consistently sought to utilise it as a means of challenging discrimination against them. In the United Kingdom, various aspects of discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity have been addressed by the European Court of Human Rights. In the context of vehement criticism of the European Court of Human Rights in the United Kingdom, this article explains the vital importance of the United Kingdom remaining a party to the European Convention on Human Rights in order to maintain and develop the protection of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people from discrimination.
Lost in time: Unraveling the identity of Vitreorana parvula (Boulenger, 1895) (Anura: Centrolenidae)
Authors: ZUCCHETTI VICTOR M. , CASTROVIEJO-FISHER SANTIAGO
Published: February 2024

Vitreorana parvula was the first glassfrog described for the Atlantic Forest. The species, however, has become a taxonomic puzzle as the only known individual is the lectotype from the 19th century, which is not particularly well-preserved or accompanied by a detailed original description. To solve this problem, we collected topotypic specimens, as well as advertisement calls, tissue samples, and natural history data, and compared them to other Vitreorana species. Our results show clear morphological, acoustic, and genetic differences between V. parvula and other species of Vitreorana, except for V. uranoscopa. Following our results, we consider V. uranoscopa as a junior synonym of V. parvula and redescribe the species based on topotypic material, while summarizing relevant variation from across its distribution.
Expressing Veracity Reserve in the Secret Service Records of the Polish People’s Republic and the People’s Republic of Bulgaria (on the Example of the CHS Bolek and CHS Sabina Files)
Authors: Mazurkiewicz-Sułkowska Julia
Published: February 2024

Expressing Veracity Reserve in the Secret Service Records of the Polish People’s Republic and the People’s Republic of Bulgaria (on the Example of the CHS Bolek and CHS Sabina Files)
The analysis of the language of the security service employees in the Polish People’s Republic and the People’s Republic of Bulgaria, made on the basis of the CHS “Bolek” and the CHS “Sabina” files, showed that there is a certain feature that appears extremely often in the examined files, even though its occurrence in administrative and legal texts should be pretty sporadic. It is a very high frequency of using forms that express the veracity reserve. This shows how much the authors of the notes wanted to emphasise their own reserve to the truthfulness of the content provided by the confidential human sources (CHS).
 
Wyrażanie rezerwy prawdziwościowej w aktach tajnych służb Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej i Ludowej Republiki Bułgarii (na przykładzie akt TW Bolka i TW Sabiny)
Analiza języka służb bezpieczeństwa Polskiej Republiki Ludowej i Ludowej Republiki Bułgarii przeprowadzona na podstawie tzw. teczek TW Bolek i TW Sabina wykazała, że istnieje pewna cecha, która pojawia się w obydwu dokumentach niezwykle często, mimo że w tekstach administracyjnych i prawnych jej występowanie powinno być sporadyczne. Tą cechą jest duża częstotliwość występowania form wyrażających rezerwę prawdziwościową. Pokazuje to, jak bardzo autorzy notatek chcieli podkreślić swoją rezerwę co do prawdziwości treści przekazywanych przez poufne źródła osobowe.
Hierarchical Conceptualization in Polish and Slovene Word Formation Discourses
Authors: Kowalski Paweł
Published: February 2024

Hierarchical Conceptualization in Polish and Slovene Word Formation Discourses
The aim of the paper is to present the hierarchy as a multi-faceted conceptual category. The topic sets out at least two major research areas. One concerns the implementation of the category of hierarchy in Polish and Slovene languages, discussing and showing its exponents, the other – as a form of linguistic conceptualizing – the use of this category in Polish and Slovene word-formation discourses.
 
Konceptualizacja hierarchiczności w polskich i słoweńskich dyskursach słowotwórczych
Celem artykułu jest pokazanie hierarchii jako wieloaspektowej kategorii pojęciowej. Zaproponowana problematyka wyznacza co najmniej dwa podstawowe obszary badawcze. Jeden dotyczy implementacji kategorii hierarchii w języku polskim i słoweńskim, omówienie i wskazanie wykładników tej kategorii, drugi – jako forma konceptualizacji językowej – wykorzystania hierarchiczności w polskich i słoweńskich dyskursach słowotwórczych.
A Great Loss for Bulgarian Community of Paleo-Slavic Studies: Georgi Popov
Authors: Ilieva Tatyana
Published: February 2024

A Great Loss for Bulgarian Community of Paleo-Slavic Studies: Georgi Popov
As an obituary, the paper offers an overview of the professional career and work of this well-known scholar of palaeoslavistics and Old Bulgarian studies, Georgi Popov (15.07.1943–08.04.2023).
 
Wielka strata dla bułgarskich badań paleoslawistycznych – Georgi Popov
Artykuł ma charakter nekrologu i stanowi przegląd kariery zawodowej oraz dzieła znanego paleoslawisty i badacza kultury i języka starobułgarskiego, Georgiego Popova (15.07.1943–08.04.2023).
Design of Ultra-High Density Archival Storage Memory with Nanoprobe and Patterned Oxygenated Amorphous Carbon with Metal Nanoclusters
Authors: Tao Lin-Long , Zhou Peng-Cheng , Wang Lei
Published: February 2024

Recent prosperity of artificial intelligence is undoubtedly making global data increase at a phenomenal rate. This obviously poses more stringent requirements on current storage devices. Unfortunately, considerable effort is only devoted to the development of on-chip storage device,
while off-chip storage technology, particularly for archival storage device, remains slowly progressed. To further innovate the archival storage device, and thus revive its market, we here proposed a novel concept of an archival storage device based on scanning nanoprobe and oxygenated amorphous
carbon having metal nanoclusters. A comprehensive numerical model was developed to mimic the write and readout performances of such archival storage device. It was found that the introduction of metal nanoclusters induced much stronger electric field inside the amorphous carbon layer than
the case without metal nanoclusters. This beneficially facilitated the growth of conductive filament along metal nanoclusters, and the feasibility of using the proposed device to achieve an areal density of terabit per-square-inch area density, a write energy of picojoule energy per bit, and
a switching speed of tens of nanoseconds, was demonstrated.
Study on Discharge of Silicone Rubber Composite Insulator Surface Attached with Water Droplets Based on Experiment and Electrostatic Field Simulation
Authors: Peng Wan-Zhao , Chen Xu-De , Tan Yu-Qing , Fang Chun-Hua , Xue Tian-Liang , Zhang Yi-Tao , Xia Xing-Yu
Published: February 2024

In order to understand the effect of liquid droplets on the discharge of composite insulators, the discharge experiment of silicone rubber with water droplets attached to the surface was carried out in an artificial fog chamber. By measuring flashover voltage and taking discharge pictures
at the same time, the relationship between flashover voltage and water droplet on silicone rubber surface was analyzed, and the influence of water droplet quantity, distance between water droplet, water droplet radius and water droplet conductivity on the flashover voltage of composite insulator
was studied. The effect of water drop on the surface electric field of silicone rubber and the relationship between the surface electric field and flashover voltage were analyzed by using finite element analysis software. The results show that the flashover voltage is less than dry lightning
voltage when there is water droplet on the surface of silicone rubber. The flashover voltage decreases with the increase of the number of water droplet, the decrease of water droplet spacing, the increase of water droplet radius and the increase of water droplet conductivity.
Physical Modeling of Metal Insulator-SiC Hydrogen-Sensitive Sensors and Simulation of Superconducting Temperature and High-Precision Characteristics
Authors: Huang Xuanze
Published: February 2024

The response mechanism of a metal insulator-SiC (MISiC) Schottky barrier diode (SBD) gas sensor is analyzed. By combining the SBD hot electron emission theory with the hydrogen adsorption and desorption theory, a physical model of the MISiC SBD gas sensor is developed by considering
the barrier height modulation effect and the variation of the ideal factor with the external conditions. Using this model, the relationship between device characteristics and insulation layer thickness is analyzed, and the optimal design is carried out between sensitivity, reliability and
operating current/current resolution factors.
Nanoscale Examination of Artistic Surfaces Utilizing 3D Non-Contact Optical Scanning Technology
Authors: Yin Aiju , Pu Yi , Xia Hongrui
Published: February 2024

The assessment of painting surfaces at the microscale has been historically impeded by challenges related to limited resolution and accuracy in traditional methodologies. This study pioneers the utilization of non-contact 3D optical scanning technology, meticulously calibrated for nanoscale
precision, to unravel the intricate features residing on painting surfaces. The initial phase employs the Point Diffraction Interferometer (PDI) for 3D optical scanning, incorporating meticulously optimized parameters tailored to nanoscale analysis. Subsequent phases involve the application
of Phase Shifting Interferometry (PSI) and Holographic Interferometry (HI). PSI is employed to discern morphological alterations, while HI captures the nuanced color and optical characteristics embedded in the painting surfaces. To enhance the continuity of phase information, the Goldstein
algorithm is introduced during phase stitching, fortifying the method’s robustness against discontinuities. Further refinement is achieved through the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm, orchestrating precise 3D data reconstruction. This process encompasses multi-view stereo matching
and surface fitting, ensuring a meticulous representation of the painting surface geometry. The study meticulously presents detailed 3D optical scanning results, probing into the painting surface’s performance concerning nanoscale resolution, measurement accuracy, and color consistency.
The unveiled findings showcase a remarkable minimum feature capture capability of 1.8 at nanoscale resolution. The quantitative assessment, encapsulated by a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) ranging from 0.001 to 0.012 for 100 scanned data points, and a Standard Deviation (STD) oscillating between
0.0008 to 0.0018, attests to the method’s efficacy. This effectiveness is underscored by its capacity to deliver a thorough and intricate analysis of painting surface performance at the nanoscale.
Effect of Biodegradable Mifepristone Drug Delivery System on the Ultrastructure and Angiogenesis Related Factors of Adenomyosis Cells
Authors: Wang Jianhua
Published: February 2024

The aim of this research aimed to analyze the effects of degradable mifepristone nano-drug delivery system (DDS) on the ultrastructure, proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis of adenomyosis cells. Drug-loaded nanoparticles (DNPs) of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) were prepared.
The particle size distribution and surface Zeta potential (SZP) of nanoparticles (NPs) were detected. The morphology of NPS was subjected to observation by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Adenomyosis lesion cells were cultured by tissue digestion method, and the cell morphology was
observed and identified. The cells were divided into blank control (NC), mifepristone, and mifepristone/PLGA groups. The cell proliferation, ultrastructure, apoptosis, and the expression of Survivin, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2 were detected by MTT, TEM, flow cytometry (FC), and immuno-histochemistry,
respectively. The results suggested that the average particle size of mifepristone/PLGA NPs was (185.6±12.9) nm, and the SZP was (−9.5±0.9) mV. It presented the characteristics of circularity, uniform distribution, and smooth surface under TEM. As against the raw drug mifepristone,
the release time of mifepristone/PLGA NPs was prolonged, and the drug release rate reached 87.4% at 72 h. As against NC, the cell proliferation rate (CPR) was clearly decreased, the apoptosis rate (AR) was increased, and Survivin, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2 had a decrease in mifepristone and mifepristone/PLGA
groups (P <0.05). As against mifepristone group, the CPR was clearly decreased, the AR was increased, and Survivin, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2 had a decrease in mifepristone/PLGA group (P <0.05). In conclusion, mifepristone PLGA DNPs were able to delay drug release. Mifepristone
can inhibit angiogenesis and promote apoptosis of adenomyosis by affecting the expression of Survivin, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2, thus playing a role in the treatment of adenomyosis.
Gold nanoparticle-Enhanced Bioglass: Unveiling In Vitro and In Vivo Bioactivity Characteristics for Advanced Medical Applications
Authors: Alqahtani Athba , AlObaisi Yousef , Alqahtani Mohammed S. , Al-Mohiy Hussain , Ibrahim Essam H. , Yousef El Sayed
Published: February 2024

Incorporated gold ions Au into glass with composition 30P2O5–20Ca(OH)2–20ZnO-8.0KF-5B2O3–2.0TiO2 in mol% with 400 ppm (Gold III Chloride trihydrate HAuCl4–3H2O) and 600 ppm
(Gold III Chloride trihydrate HAuCl4–3H2O) by using terdiurnal method quenching method. The present glass’s Vicker microhardness, Hv, was determined together with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Utilizing a transmission electron
microscope (TEM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM), the gold nanoparticle and microstructure of these glasses were examined. According to the SEM photographs the heat treatment method significantly changed the form of the crystals phase of produced glass-ceramic. The glass-doped Au
was verified by TEM to be nanocrystalline, with a spherical form and varying sizes between 14.7 and 16.2 nm. Investigations have been carried out into the bioactivity of the produced glass, including its antibacterial, anti-proliferative/cytotoxic properties against both normal and activated
splenic cells In Vitro, and anticancer effects. These findings demonstrated the strongest antibacterial activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria as well as fungi in the glass doped with 600 parts per million of Au ions. It also demonstrated anti-proliferative/cytotoxicity
against normal splenic cells, but had the maximum level of neither cytotoxicity nor proliferative effects on activated splenic cells. According to the data, these produced glasses show promise as possibilities for many medical applications.
Innovative Surface Nano Zinc Oxide Coatings: A Breakthrough in Grape Preservation, Enriching Phytochemicals, and Mitigating Fungal Contamination for Enhanced Nutritional Quality
Authors: Al-Meshal Areej Suliman , Al-Zahrani Maryam H. , Sami Rokayya , Alshehry Garsa , Alnemari Nimah , Algopishi Uthman Balgith , Alharthi Sarah , Noorwali Essra A. , Almehmadi Awatif M. , AL-Surhanee Ameena A. , Baazeem Alaa , Abushal Suzan A. , Helal Mahmoud , Bedaiwi Ruqaiah I. , Baakdah Fadi
Published: February 2024

This study explores the transformative impact of the innovative surface nano zinc oxide coatings on grapes, emphasizing their influence on postharvest attributes, phytochemical composition, and fungal population. Distinct coating formulations, including distilled water (Control), chitosan
(C), chitosan-nano zinc oxide (C-NZO), and chitosan-nano zinc oxide with the addition of essential oils (C-NZO-EO), were applied to fresh grapes. Results unveiled that the C-NZO-EO treatment positively impacted potassium, calcium, and magnesium levels. Control samples exhibited the highest
acidity (3.8), while C-NZO-EO demonstrated superior visual rachis scores (3.41). Anthocyanidin analysis revealed elevated values especially for C-NZO-EO-treated grapes. Fungal populations were significantly reduced in samples treated with C-NZO-EO to reach (3.44 CFU/g). In conclusion, coating
with C-NZO-EO emerged as a highly effective strategy for grape preservation, offering enhanced nutritional quality and fungal resistance.
Removal Characteristics of Ni-Ferrite Oxide Film Formed on the Stainless Steel Surface in Fiber Laser Decontamination
Authors: Yun Ye-Sol , Choi Kwang-Deok , Kim Nam-Kyun , Kim Jong-Do
Published: February 2024

Every nuclear facility has a limited operating life, at the end of which they must be shut down and decommissioned. For decommissioning, the removal of radioactive contaminants and demolition should be considered. Before nuclear power plants are decommissioned, the primary system, which
is the most heavily contaminated, is decontaminated first, followed by decontamination of the surfaces of containment containers and buildings. This study examined the removal characteristics of Ni-ferrite coated on the stainless steel (STS304) specimen surface using an eco-friendly laser
that generates little secondary waste, and derived the optimal efficiency conditions for laser decontamination. In this study, simulated oxide film specimens were fabricated by coating the STS304 substrate using non-radioactive Ni-ferrite. The experimental equipment for laser decontamination
was a Q-switched fiber laser with an average power of 100 W. The laser beam was irradiated on the surface of the specimen according to the beam overlap rate. In addition, the characteristics of the decontaminated area and removal of the coating layer were checked using digital 3D microscopy,
scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of laser decontamination experiment indicated the possibility of coating layer removal with fewer scans as the x- or y-axis directions beam overlap rate increased. However, the surface was discolored
when excessive overlaps occurred. This study provided basic data for laser decontamination applicable to the removal of Ni-ferrite oxide films on STS304.
Assessing CESM2 Clouds and Their Response to Climate Change Using Cloud Regimes
Authors: Davis Isaac , Medeiros Brian
Published: February 2024

The Community Earth System Model, version 2 (CESM2), has a very high climate sensitivity driven by strong positive cloud feedbacks. To evaluate the simulated clouds in the present climate and characterize their response with climate warming, a clustering approach is applied to three independent satellite cloud products and a set of coupled climate simulations. Using k-means clustering with a Wasserstein distance cost function, a set of typical cloud configurations is derived for the satellite cloud products. Using satellite simulator output, the model clouds are classified into the observed cloud regimes in both current and future climates. The model qualitatively reproduces the observed cloud configurations in the historical simulation using the same time period as the satellite observations, but it struggles to capture the observed heterogeneity of clouds which leads to an overestimation of the frequency of a few preferred cloud regimes. This problem is especially apparent for boundary layer clouds. Those low-level cloud regimes also account for much of the climate response in the late twenty-first century in four shared socioeconomic pathway simulations. The model reduces the frequency of occurrence of these low-cloud regimes, especially in tropical regions under large-scale subsidence, in favor of regimes that have weaker cloud radiative effects.
The Impact of Interactive Ocean Dynamics on Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature Variability
Authors: Gozdz Olivia , Buckley Martha W. , DelSole Timothy
Published: February 2024

The impact of interactive ocean dynamics on internal variations of Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) is investigated by comparing preindustrial control simulations of a fully coupled atmosphere–ocean–ice model to the same atmosphere–ice model with the ocean replaced by a motionless slab layer (henceforth slab ocean model). Differences in SST variability between the two models are diagnosed by an optimization technique that finds components whose variance differs as much as possible. This technique reveals that Atlantic SST variability differs significantly between the two models. The two components with the most extreme enhancement of SST variance in the slab ocean model resemble the tripole SST pattern associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) pattern. This result supports previous claims that ocean dynamics are not necessary for the AMV, although ocean dynamics lead to slight increases in the memory of both the AMV and the NAO tripole. The component with the most extreme enhancement of SST variance in the fully coupled model resembles the Atlantic Niño pattern, confirming the ability of our technique to isolate physical modes known to require ocean dynamics. The second component with more variance in the fully coupled model is a mode of subpolar SST variability. Both the reemergence of SST anomalies and changes in ocean heat transport lead to increased SST variance and memory in the subpolar Atlantic. Despite large differences in the mean and variability of SST, atmospheric variability is quite similar between the two models, confirming that most atmospheric variability is generated by internal atmospheric dynamics.
A Lost Decade: Policymakers Fiddled as Newsrooms Burned
Authors: Chan Sewell
Published: February 2024

Journalists can be averse to media policy, but the stakes today are too high for practitioners to sit these debates out. The years that followed the 2011 Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Report were a lost decade in media policy, in which policymakers dithered as an information apocalypse loomed. It is essential to acknowledge that the media ecosystem has always been affected by public policy and to broaden our vision of how policymakers can help local news survive and innovate. I argue for urgent, renewed investments from government, philanthropy, and consumers to create a new media ecosystem in which all kinds of news media—public, nonprofit, and commercial—can be revived and can thrive.
Cultural Tariffing: Appropriation and the Right to Cross Cultural Boundaries
Authors: Oshotse Abraham , Berda Yael , Goldberg Amir
Published: February 2024

Why are some acts of cultural boundary-crossing considered permissible whereas others are repudiated as cultural appropriation? We argue that perceptions of cultural appropriation formed in response to the emergence of cultural omnivorousness as a dominant form of high-status consumption, making boundary-crossing a source of cultural capital. Consequently, the right to adopt a practice from a culture that is not one’s own is determined on the basis of the costs and benefits one is presumed to accrue. People express disapproval at boundary-crossing if they believe it devalues or extracts value at the expense of the target culture. We call this process cultural tariffing. We test our theory in a between-subject experimental design, demonstrating that individuals who enjoy a privileged social position, as inferred from their social identity or socioeconomic status, have less normative latitude to cross cultural boundaries. This is explained by perceptions that these actors are either devaluing or exploiting the target culture. While symbolic boundaries and cultural distinction theories are inconsistent with our results, we find that Americans who are disenchanted about group-based social mobility are the most likely to be outraged by cultural boundary-crossing. Cultural tariffing, we therefore posit, is a form of symbolic redistribution.