bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NEGOTIABLE WAREHOUSE RECEIPT: AN EFFECTIVE INSTRUMENT FOR AGRI PLEDGE-FINANCING
Authors: Dr. Rajnalkar Laxman  , Mr. Basavaraj Prabhu
Published: February 2025

Agricultural sector is one of the highest contributing sectors for the Gross domestic product (GDA) of India. When an agriculture contributes to the development of the economy, then agriculture needs a proper credit system. Negotiable warehouse receipt (NWR) plays a pivotal role in the agricultural pledge financing for the both farmers and traders. Basically, NWR serves as a collateral security for the loans against the agricultural produce and also, which will create an opportunity for farmers to get penetrative prices for their produce by storing commodities in warehouses’. Initially it was started with godown bills and physical ware house receipt authenticated by collateral managers. Later on, it has transformed to electronic form (Electronic Negotiable Warehouse Receipt- e-NWR) which will ensure the transparency and prevent from various frauds. According to National Electronic Limited (NERL), the actual warehouse receipt financing has amounted Rs.35,000 crores in the year 2023. And it also reveals that a large number of customers of NWR finance and users are traders than farmers. NWR exhibits the various advantages like collateral for the banks, creation of liquidity among farmers and creation of opportunities for getting remunerative price etc. The study is empirical in nature and considered the study period from 2011-12 to 2023-24 and focuses on various factors of NWR viz, salient features of NWR, present status of NWR among the stakeholders and challenges associated with the negotiable warehouse receipt. It found that NWR has a significant potential to enhance the agricultural ecosystem by strengthening the finance factor of the sector but it is facing some issues to reach the population.
SEED CROPS ROOT STOCK ECONOMIC AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE ASTRAKHAN REGION CONDITIONS
Authors: Matveeva Natal'ya
Published: February 2025

The purpose of research is to study and identify clonal rootstocks of pome crops adapted to the arid conditions of the Northern Caspian Region, providing the cultivation of high-quality planting material. The paper presents the results of studying the features of the development of rootstocks of pome crops in arid conditions of the Astrakhan Region. The studies were carried out at the experimental site of the FSBSI "Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences" in 2020–2022. Eight new apple rootstocks were involved in the study. Of these, five forms of recent years of selection from the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Center named after I. V. Michurin (Malysh Budagovskogo, 83-1-15, 76-3-6, 87-7-12, 71-7-22), 2 forms from the Orenburg OSSiV VTISP (Ural 5, Ural 8) and 1 form from the Volgograd SAU (MM106). The control was rootstocks of the M series: M 9 for dwarf, M26 for semi-dwarf, MM 106 for medium. The study again included rootstocks SK 3 (dwarf), SK2, 62-396 (semi-dwarf), 54-118 (medium tall), isolated as a result of previous studies. In 2020, rootstocks of apple trees of joint selection of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking" and the Stavropol experimental station for horticulture were used: B 17-52, St 24-1, St 6-1, Sk2u, St 6-2, St 20-4, St 6-6 , St 1-1, K 1, St 6-7, St 4-2, St 3, St 18-3, St 6-4 and St 19-5 in the form of cuttings with buds. Rootstocks were grafted onto a medium-sized rootstock M4 and dwarf P60 in the amount of 308 pieces with their further rooting and planting vertical layers in the mother liquor. The data obtained allow us to conclude that the rootstock 54-118 stood out with the best survival rate of cuttings (80%). The survival rate of eyes in 100% was 54-118 for the rootstock. Rootstock St 6-7 of the joint selection of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking" and the Stavropol Experimental Station for Horticulture stood out with the best survival rate of 100%.
PLAGUE INTEGRAL SIGNS ALGORITHM IN CAMELS AND THE MAIN RISKS OF ITS POSSIBLE OCCURRENCE ON THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Abdel Ziyat , Baramova Sholpan , Karataev Bolat , Meka-Mechenko Tat'yana , Dalibaev Zhandos , Baytursyn Bolatbek , Aymahanov Batyrbek , Abdrasilova Gul'mira
Published: February 2025

The purpose of the study is to determine the epizootological characteristics of the country's territory over the past 10 years for camel distemper based on clarifying the degree of tension of the epizootic situa-tion and assessing the risks of this infection in order to improve the tracking system and increase the ef-fectiveness of preventive and sanitary and veterinary measures. Constant epizootic monitoring of camels, development and implementation of scientifically based methods for predicting possible outbreaks among animals, risk assessment using target indicators of the effectiveness of the implementation of veterinary measures help prevent the occurrence of plague among camels and people. An analysis of the data for 2011–2022 was carried out, which is necessary to differentiate the territories of districts and regions of Kazakhstan, taking into account the criteria for the danger of plague by epizooticity, based on the use of GIS technology. A system was developed for determining the integral signs of plague in camels according to the criteria: functioning, exterior, pathology and nostrification. The results of laboratory data using sero-logical and molecular genetic studies of 1212 samples of biomaterial, where the results were negative, are presented. The results of laboratory studies of blood sera of 1212 camels in search of antibodies to F1 of the plague microbe are given, which indicate the intensity of immunity in 75.6% of the total number of samples studied. The paper reflects the main risks of outbreaks of plague among camels, taking into ac-count long-term data on outbreaks of plague among camels and the situation on the epizootic activity of plague among rodents, as well as the number of camels kept in the territories enzootic for plague, in the context of districts and regions of Kazakhstan for the development of veterinary and sanitary measures to increase their effectiveness and conduct targeted anti-epizootic measures.
THE ESTROGEN DRUG EFFECT ON THE SOMATOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF FEMALE OFFSPRING
Authors: Kvochko Andrey , Sulaymanova Rimma
Published: February 2025

The aim of research is to study the effect of the estrogen drug fulvestrant at a dose of 200 μg/kg on the somatometric parameters of female offspring. Objectives: to study the effect of the estrogen preparation fulvestrant at a dose of 200 μg/kg on somatometric parameters of female offspring and to carry out statis-tical processing of the data obtained in relation to somatometric parameters in the studied animals. The experiments were carried out on the offspring of laboratory mice, whose mothers on the 11th day of preg-nancy underwent a single intramuscular injection of various doses of an estrogen preparation, fulvestrant. The study analyzed two groups: the first (n=15) – intact without exposure, in the second experimental group fulvestrant 0.8 ml 0.0005% at a dose of 200 mcg/kg (F–200 mcg/kg) was administered once, intra-muscularly. The resulting offspring were subjected to somatometric studies of body weight, body length, nose-ear length, ear-ear length, tail length, foot length of the hind right foot, and anogenital distance. A comparative analysis of the somatometric parameters of the offspring of female white outbred laboratory mice with a single exposure to the drug fulvestrant with an intact group showed that body weight increases, the head length distance (nose-ear) decreases, the head width distance (ear-ear) increases, the length of the right foot increases, hind paw and the anogenital distance decreases. Thus, exposure to an estrogen drug in the prenatal period causes changes in the somatometric parameters of the offspring in laboratory mice, the changes in these measurements were dependent on the administered experimental doses. The development of a biological model of prenatal estrogen administration can help in timely diagnosis and de-velopment of a set of preventive measures during the period of organ laying. The obtained results testify to the urgency of the problem of limiting the dose-dependent action of estrogenic drugs in the period of prenatal development of organs.
WINTER WHEAT CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY ELEMENT IMPROVEMENT IN THE RSO-ALANIA STEPPE ZONE CONDITIONS
Authors: Tedeyeva Albina , Tedeyeva Victoria
Published: February 2025

The results of the application of growth biological preparations on winter wheat crops in the steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania are presented. The purpose of research is to study the effect of biological preparations Edagum SM, Furolan Zh, Vitazim VR in order to increase the yield of winter wheat with high quality indicators. Objectives: to determine the characteristics of the growth and development of winter wheat, depending on the use of the studied preparations; to establish the influence of the studied plant growth regulators on the yield and quality of the products obtained; to give an economic assessment of the use of growth regulators Edagum SM, Furolan Zh, Vitazim VR in the cultivation of winter wheat. The studies were carried out in 2020–2022 on the experimental fields of the Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, located in the Mozdok Region of North Ossetia–Alania. The soils of the experimental plot are calcareous chestnut, according to their mechanical composition they are classified as heavy loamy coarse silt-silt. The content of humus, depending on the mechanical composition, ranges from 2.22 to 3.45 %. The introduction of growth regulators made it possible to obtain a high yield with quality indicators of grain. The biological product Edagum SM turned out to be the best in terms of yield, the increase in comparison with the control variety Grom was 1.36 t/ha, Furolan Zh – 0.99, Vitazim VR – 0.69. Similar indicators of yield increase in the Yumpa variety are 1.35 t/ha, 0.99, 0.77 t/ha, respectively. When plants are treated with biological preparations, the quality indicators of winter wheat grain are improved, where the gluten content for the studied varieties increases by 4.4%, with the use of Furolan Zh biological preparations by 4.0 % and Vitazim VR – by 1.2 %. The use of Edagum SM increased profitability by 54.8 %, Furolan Zh – by 28.5, Vitazim VR – by 12.6 %. When growth regulators are introduced, the level of profitability increases by 15.8–40.3 % compared to the control (Yumpa variety).
AMINO ACIDS IN WINES FROM AUTOCHTHONOUS DON GRAPEVINE VARIETIES
Authors: Matveeva Natal'ya , Bahmetova Marina
Published: February 2025

The purpose of research is to study the quantitative indicators of amino acids in wines from white autochthonous grape varieties of the Don ampelographic collection named after Ya.I. Potapenko (Novocherkassk). Objects: must and wine from white technical grape varieties: Sibir'kovyj, Kumshackij belyj, Belobulanyj. Research was carried out on the basis of the laboratory of ampelography and technological evaluation of grape varieties. Experimental samples were produced in batches (10-30 liters of each sample) according to the technology for preparing dry white wines. Clarification, fermentation and further maturation of the wine material took place in glass containers. The following indicators were determined in the must: pH, glucoacidometric index (GAI), technical maturity index (TMI). After completion of fermentation, the following indicators were determined: the content of alcohol, titratable and volatile acids, residual sugars and reduced extract. The organoleptic characteristics of the studied wine varieties were carried out according to a 10-point system by the tasting commission of the institute. Derivatives of amino acids are involved in the addition of aroma, taste of wine and determine its high quality, and also serve as the basis for yeast nutrition. In the studied samples, 13 amino acids were found. According to their total accumulation the Sibir'kovyj variety – 1451.43 mg/dm3 stood out. The samples Belobulanyj and Kumshackij belyj (943.2 and 944.97 mg/dm3) are practically at the same level. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the accumulation of amino acids is a varietal feature of grapes.
YIELD OF DIFFERENT ORIGIN SOYBEAN VARIETY UNDER THE WESTERN SIBERIA CONDITIONS
Authors: Asanov Akimbek , Omel'yanyuk Lyudmila , Halipsky Anatoly
Published: February 2025

The studies were carried out in 2012–2022 in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia on the fields of the laboratory for the selection of leguminous crops of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution of the Omsk ARC according to generally accepted methods. The purpose of research is to search for valuable sources for breeding and the creation of high-yielding soybean varieties adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia. Of the 243 collection samples of VIR of foreign selection, studied for the first time, 128 pieces matured. (52.8%). Valuable for breeding are varieties: Maple Ridge and Optimus (Canada); Fiskeby 4 (Sweden), Sito (Germany), Varsovie (Poland); Avanta, SibNIISKhoz 6, Bezenchukskaya uluchshennaya, Lydia (RF) and others. It is extremely risky to cultivate varieties that are not included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements for the 10th region, since they are not early enough and not stable in yield. For 2012–2023 the state register of the Russian Federation includes 7 early maturing soybean varieties bred by the Omsk ANC, of which 5 (Zolotystaya, Sibiryachka, Cheremshanka, Sibiriada, Sibiriada 20) are recommended for the 10th region. They need to be introduced into production in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia. On average, over 11 years, the yield of Omsk soybean varieties in the Competitive variety trial amounted to 2.79 t/ha, in favorable 2016 and 2017. – more than 3.5 t/ha. The Omsk Agricultural Research Center has created a new early maturing variety Sibiriada 20, which has been included in the State Register of the Russian Federation since 2023 and approved for use in the Central, Volga-Vyatka, Middle Volga, Urals, West Siberian and East Siberian regions. In 2018–2022 in the Competitive variety trial, its average seed yield was 3.11 t/ha (0.49 t/ha higher than the Sibiryachka standard), the maximum in 2018 was 4.46 t/ha.
EFFICACY OF SUPRAMOLECULAR COMPLEX OF IVERMECTIN IN STRONGYLATOSES OF SHEEP
Authors: Marchenko Viktor , Halikov Salavat , Vasilenko Yuriy , Il'in Mihail , Kravchenko Irina
Published: February 2025

The purpose of the study is to show the prospects of using the mechanochemical modification of the physicochemical and biological properties of the ivermectin substance (IVM) using the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer. The solid dispersion of the composition INM:PVP (1:9) /TDIP/ obtained by mechanical processing had a high solubility and was used to study the parasitocidal activity in strongylatoses of sheep. Experiments to assess the activity of drugs in intestinal and pulmonary helminthiases of sheep were carried out on a flock of spontaneously infested animals in the Altai Region. According to the princi-ple of analogues, 6 experimental and 1 control groups of animals were formed. TDIP samples were given to sheep individually in the form of an aqueous suspension orally, at an IVM dosage of 0,1; 0,2; 0,3; 0,4 mg per kg of animal weight (m. f.), initial substances of the INM at 0,1 and 0,2 mg per kg of w. f. Efficacy was evaluated 15 days after the administration of the drugs by examining the experimental and control groups of animals using Fulleborn ovoscopy and Berman-Orlov larvoscopy, counting eggs of intestinal strongylates and larvae of pulmonary strongylates using the VIGIS method. Parasitocidal activity of TDIP in terms of intensity in a dose of 0,1 and 0,2 mg per kg of m.zh. with intestinal strongylatoses was 99.9 and 100%, respectively, with pulmonary strongylatoses – 83,0 and 100 %. The original substance of INM in these dosages was less effective. The possibility of a significant reduction in the dosage of IVM in compositions based on TDIP without reducing the parasiticidal activity of the drug was shown.
PROTEIN AND ENERGY CONVERSION OF LACTATING COW DIETS INTO PRODUCTS
Authors: Shirnina Nadezhda , Nurzhanov Baer
Published: February 2025

The purpose of research is to study the conversion of feed nutrients into food protein and milk energy of Red Steppe cows depending on the feeding factor in the conditions of the Southern Urals. Objectives: to study the effect of cavitated concentrates in the composition of the diet on the daily and gross milk yield, the yield of nutrients with milk, to determine the relative conversion of nutrients and energy of diet feed into cows' products, depending on the nature of feeding. The subject of the study were clinically healthy cows of the Red Steppe breed of the 3rd–4th lactation, formed according to the principle of pair-analogs into groups. There were 3 groups, 10 heads in each. In the diets of cows of groups I and II, the concentrated part was completely replaced by cavitated grain mixture and wheat bran in terms of nutritional value. Feed-ing cows as part of diets with cavitated concentrates had a positive effect on the processes of milk synthesis. Thus, comparison with the control group of animals showed that the gross milk yield of natural milk in cows of two experimental groups (I and II) increased by 22.9 and 26.2 %. The increase in the daily milk yield of experimental cows, recalculated for 4 % fat, for the entire experimental period, in comparison with the control was 23.9 and 25.8 %. Feeding cavitated concentrates as part of the ration to dairy cows made it possible to additionally obtain 17.3–19.2 kg of milk protein, 17.9–18.4 kg of milk fat, 5.8–8.4 kg of lactose and 1632.6–1727 .6 MJ of energy. The coefficient of conversion of protein and feed energy into pro-tein and milk energy in experimental animals increased by 2.6–4.4 and 6.7–7.2 % compared to the control.
ASSESSMENT OF ORNAMENTAL TRAITS OF JAPANESE SPIREA (SPIRAEA JAPONICA L.) CULTIVARS WHEN GROWING IN THE MOSCOW REGION
Authors: Kozlova Elena , Zubik Inna , Orlova Elena , Makarov Sergey , Chudeckiy Anton , Kul'chickiy Andrey
Published: February 2025

The aim of research is to study the phenological and morphological features, as well as a comprehensive assessment of the ornamental value of S. japonica varieties in the Moscow Region. The studies were conducted on the territory of the Leskovo perennial plant nursery (Egoryevsky District, Moscow Region) in 2022–2023. Air temperature and precipitation during the years of research in the region were below the long-term average values. The objects of research were Japanese spirea (Spiraea japonica L.) plants represented by 5 varieties: ‘Golden Princess’, ‘Goldflame’, ‘Hubert Gold’, ‘Pink and Gold’, ‘Superstar’. The varieties ‘Superstar’ and ‘Goldflame’ have the longest flowering period (50–60 days) – until early August. The onset of leaf color change in all studied varieties was observed in the first ten days of September, except for the ‘Superstar’ variety (10 days later). The varieties ‘Pink and Gold’ and ‘Superstar’ have the largest bush diameter (1.16–1.2 m). The variety ‘Golden Princess’ was characterized by the largest number of flowers (317 pcs/plant) and the greatest compactness of habitus (internode length – 0.83 cm). A scale of complex assessment of ornamental quality for summer-flowering spireas has been developed based on a number of features (plant shape, bush compactness, crown density, bark color, leaf blade shape and its edge, flower color, autumn leaf color). The ‘Pink and Gold’ variety had the greatest ornamental effect (83 points) due to the beautiful shape of the leaf blade, openwork crown and noticeable aroma. Recommendations are given on possible areas of use of the studied S. japonica varieties.
ASSESSMENT OF ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY DIFFERENTIATION WHEN USING WASTE-FREE PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES IN AGRO-CHERNOZEM LAYERS
Authors: Belousov Aleksandr , Belousova Elena
Published: February 2025

The objective of the study is to identify the effect of no-till technologies for processing agrochernozems on the heterogeneity of the compared soil layers in terms of protease and urease enzyme activity. The studies were carried out under the conditions of a production experiment laid out in the Shilinskoye agricultural production cooperative in the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe located within the Chulym-Yenisei denudation plateau of the southwestern outskirts of Central Siberia (56°37' N and 93°12' E). The soil of the experimental plot was leached high-humus medium-deep light clayey chernozem on red-brown clay. The experimental soil was characterized by: humus content of 5.9 %, neutral reaction of the environment (pHH2O 6,8). The sum of absorbed bases was from 60 to 62 mg-eq/100 g of soil. In production crops, soil samples were taken three times during the vegetation season from the 0–5 and 5–20 cm layers using the snake method. The sample size was 15 individual samples. The norm, in accordance with the WMO regulations, was calculated for a 30-year period (1981–2010). The experimental design consisted of the following variants (processing methods): 1 – zero; 2 – minimum; 3 – moldboard (st). A significant differentiation of the studied agrochernozem layers was revealed when using minimum tillage technologies. Periods with a deficit of atmospheric moisture had a significant effect on the amount of proteolysis. An increase in moisture was accompanied by a decrease in proteolytic activity (r = –0.5 ... –0.63) when using surface disking, whereas under no-till conditions a direct effect of moisture on the level of hydrolysis of nitrogen-containing organic compounds was found (r = 0.61 ... 0.68). An increase in protease activity was accompanied by a significant decrease in difficult-to-hydrolyze nitrogen-containing compounds when using surface disking (r = –0.57 ... –0.71). During periods with excess moisture, significant differences in the level of urease activity were also found, mainly when using minimum tillage technology. The transformation of easily hydrolysable nitrogen-containing organic compounds was associated with the level of urease activity.
LUNARIA REDIVIVA IN THE FSBI VILAR BIOCOLLECTION AS THE RARE AND DECORATIVE SPECIES
Authors: Sorokopudova Ol'ga , Khanumidi Elizaveta
Published: February 2025

The aim of the study is to identify some features of the development and structure of Lunaria rediviva, its seed potential in the conditions of a changing climate in the south of Moscow in the biocollection of rare and ornamental medicinal plants of the open ground of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution VILAR. The objects of the study are generative plants of L. rediviva, cultivated on an area of 2 m2 in the partial shade of Maak's bird cherry and cordate linden of the introduction nursery. In natural habitats, Lunaria rediviva plants in Russia are occasionally found in the central and western regions of the European part, mainly in the non-chernozem belt. This species lives mainly in deciduous forests, on forest edges and clearings. The development rhythms were studied in 2021–2023 according to the methodology of phenological observations in botanical gardens. Statistical processing of morphometric data was carried out using Word Excel software. New data were obtained on the timing and duration of phytological phases from the beginning of shoot growth to fruit formation under cultural conditions. The average parameters and variability of the height of generative shoots ((103.6 ± 2.25) cm), length and width of fruits ((4.2 ± 0.22) × (2.1 ± 0.10) cm), the number of fruits on one shoot (17.1 ± 1.54) and seeds in one fruit (3.1 ± 0.22) under cultural conditions were established. The weight of 1,000 seeds of L. rediviva in 2023 is 31.8 g. It was determined that the L. rediviva species is easily renewed in culture by seed, is suitable for use in garden and park plantings of the Moscow Region in the partial shade of alleys or single trees, tall shrubs with a spreading crown as a herbaceous plant with a long-term decorative effect from the beginning of flowering (from May) to the end of the growing season. Expansion of the cultigenic range of Lunaria sibirica will facilitate the study of its phytochemical composition as a potential medicinal plant.
VETERINARY AND SANITARY ASSESSMENT OF MEAT AND OFFAL UNDER MODERN MEAT PROCESSING PLANT CONDITIONS
Authors: Golovkova Irina , Stolbova Olga
Published: February 2025

The aim of research is to conduct veterinary and sanitary control of meat, offal and to assess the safety of food raw materials in the conditions of a modern meat processing plant. Research was conducted from 2022 to 2023 at the State Autonomous Institution of the Northern Trans-Urals, at the meat-packing plant OOO Soglasie (Tyumen Region). 234,622 pig carcasses and 7,124 cattle carcasses were admitted to veterinary inspection, 1,680 samples of meat and offal taken from pigs and cattle were also examined. The following methods were used: visual inspection, reactions with copper sulfide (CuSO4), peroxidase tests, determination of the pH of the medium and a formol reaction. Studies have shown that out of 1807 (2022) and 1636 (2023) samples of meat and offal obtained from pig slaughter, poor quality meat and offal was determined (in 29.0 and 31.9 % of samples, respectively). In 2022, some pigs were slaughtered in a moribund state (20.2 %), with pathological processes of various etiologies – in 79.8% of cases, in 2023 – 14.9 % of cases – in a moribund state and 85.1 % – with various pathological processes. When analyzing and assessing the quality of meat and offal obtained from slaughtering cattle, in 2022 out of 181 samples and in 2023 out of 200 samples, poor quality meat and offal was found in 53.03 % and 53.5 % of cases, respectively. The lowest percentage of positive samples was for pork – 32.5 % (2022) and beef – 32.9 % (2023). When assessing the quality of meat and offal obtained from pig slaughter, the largest number of deviations was found in 2022 in June (3.3 %), July (3.5 %) and August (3.7 %) and in 2023 in April (3.8 %), June (4.0 %), July (4.2 %) and August (4.5 %), this factor indicates a violation of the microclimate parameters in the summer at the veterinary and sanitary inspection facility and thereby negatively affects the physiological state of animals.
Analysis of Company Policies and Strategies Based on Identification of The Contribution Technology Needs in MSMEs Leather Processing Industry
Authors: Helmi Adlina Safitri , Ramadhani Indah Kurnia
Published: February 2025

Technology is crucial to the success of any company, especially for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME). MSMEs XYZ is a small and medium industry in Bandung that processes leather into bags. As a result, it is vital to boost technology by conducting a technology management analysis on these SMEs in order to maintain quality products and compete with the competition. This research aims to use the technology assessment analysis based on Technometrics models as a foundation for evaluating strengths and weaknesses linked to products and processes in MSMEs XYZ in order to get alternative strategies and policies. The measured technology components include technoware (production equipment), humanware (human resource capabilities), infoware (information tools), and orgaware are the measured technological components (organizational tools). The component contribution values for technoware (0,223), humanware (0,688), infoware (0,156), and orgaware (0,311). The Technologies Contribution value received (0,279) is a type of traditional technology with a low classification level. Recommendation for this research is acquisition within procurement of manufacturing machinery and equipment. In order to preserve company sustainability in terms of technology, MSMEs XYZ to raise investment, update products and manufacturing methods, and expand human resources.

Keywords: MSME, Production, Technometrics Model.
Identifikasi Bakteri Endofit Dalam Penerapan Eco-Enzyme Pada Budidaya Jahe Merah (Zingiber Officinale Var. Rubrum)
Authors: Bintang Pamungkas Puguh , Purwaningsih Okti , A Hi Wahid Rahmat
Published: February 2025

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of red ginger as a herbal treatment increased significantly, establishing it as a highly popular herbal commodity. However, disruptions caused by plant pests have led to fluctuating demand. One major issue is bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, which can result in yield losses of up to 90%. Biological control using endophytic bacteria has shown promise in managing bacterial wilt, particularly bacteria residing in the red ginger rhizosphere. This research aimed to explore and identify endophytic bacteria from the rhizosphere of red ginger plants. The study was conducted from September to October 2022 at the Greenhouse and Integrated Chemistry and Biology Laboratory, PGRI University Yogyakarta. Soil samples were collected from red ginger cultivation systems implementing eco-enzymes as part of a healthy farming approach. Four treatments were applied with three replications: no eco-enzyme, 0.1% eco-enzyme, 0.3% eco-enzyme, and 0.5% eco-enzyme. Each treatment involved three soil samplings, yielding a total of 36 soil samples for analysis. Exploration of the rhizosphere resulted in the isolation of 36 bacterial strains, of which 20 were identified as belonging to the genera Bacillus sp. and Pasteuria sp. Among these, 16 isolates were identified as Bacillus sp., including six from the no eco-enzyme treatment, one from the 0.3% eco-enzyme treatment, and nine from the 0.5% eco-enzyme treatment. Additionally, five isolates were identified as Pasteuria sp., with two from the 0.1% eco-enzyme treatment and three from the 0.3% eco-enzyme treatment.
Rancang Bangun Penggunaan Venturimeter Fertigasi Pada Irigasi Tetes (Drip Irrigation)
Authors: Handayani Tri , Irawati Titik , Mustopa Tarwa , Setyo Utomo Pamuji
Published: February 2025

Drip irrigation system is one of the solutions to irrigation problems. Drip irrigation applies direct water supply to plant roots. The use of drip irrigation that has been widely used is usually separate from the fertilization or fertigation system. The obstacles that usually occur are blockages in the emitter due to non-homogeneous nutrients and sedimentation. The use of a venturimeter is one solution in fertilization in a drip irrigation system. Fertilizers or nutrients that are distributed in a drip irrigation system have difficulty in determining the right dose due to the mixing of water and fertilizer/nutrients that occurs in the installation pipe. The purpose of this reasearch is to create a design or construction of a venturimeter placement that makes it easier to determine the right fertilizer dose in a drip irrigation system. This research method uses an experimental method with 1 variable, namely the design or design of the venturimeter placement with 2 variables, namely V1: Direct method, V2: Bypass method, with 5 repetitions. The observation variables in this study were the average uniformity of the emitter discharge, the average discharge at the venturimeter input, and the pressure at the venturimeter output. The results obtained were that in the observation of the average uniformity of the CU, the average discharge uniformity reached 98%, while the average output and input venturimeter discharges produced.
Respon Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Tanaman Siomak (Lactuca Sativa L.) Pada Variasi Media Tanam Dan Pupuk Urin Kelinci
Authors: Mardiana Yushi , Bayu Prasetyo Ahmad , Rahmatika Widyana
Published: February 2025

Siomak is a type of lettuce plant that has a slightly different leaf shape from lettuce plants in general. This research aims to determine the interaction between planting media treatment and rabbit urine fertilizer concentration on the growth and yield of siomak plants. This research was carried out from April to May 2022 in Rejomulyo Village, Kras District, Kediri Regency, East Java Province. This research used a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor is the planting medium (M), while the second factor is the concentration of rabbit urine fertilizer (K).
The results of this research show that the M2K4 treatment combination (planting media ratio 2:1:3 + 40 ml/L urine fertilizer) is the treatment combination with the best results in the observation variables of number of leaves and wet weight per plant. The combination of M2K2 treatment (planting media ratio 2:1:3 +20 ml/L urine fertilizer) is the combination with the best results in increasing the root length of siomak plants. The single treatment of M2 planting media (planting media ratio 2:1:3) showed better results than the results of treatment M1 (planting media ratio 2:1:2) significantly in the observation variables of plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and root volume. . K4 treatment (urine fertilizer 40 ml/L) is the most effective and efficient concentration in increasing plant height and leaf area growth. The results of observing the root volume of the K5 treatment (50 ml/L urine fertilizer) showed the best results.
TERAK NON-BESI SEBAGAI TAMBAH SEMEN PORTLAND PADA BETON STRUKTURAL
Authors: Yansiku Sandy I. , Duran Yohanes G.G.L.
Published: February 2025

Penurunan kualitas lingkungan dan minimalisasi produksi semen telah memunculkan ide untuk penelitian pembuatan beton dengan bahan substitusi menggunakan terak. Pemanfaatan terak sebagai bahan tambahan pada semen dalam beton telah meningkat tajam dan telah menemukan teknologi terbaru dalam dekade terakhir untuk menjawab kebutuhan material ramah lingkungan/green material. Sebaliknya, penerapan terak non-besi/non-ferrous slag (NFS) sebagai pengganti sebagian komponen semen dalam beton belum berkembang dengan baik meskipun stok terak ini berada dalam jumlah besar disertai dengan kemungkinannya untuk dicampur dalam beton. Stok bahan limbah yang sangat besar di seluruh dunia seperti terak non-besi dari pertambangan dan manufaktur dalam bentuk tembaga, nikel, seng, timah dan fosfor dapat dimanfaatkan dalam memproduksi beton mutu tinggi. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini menyajikan tinjauan kritis terhadap studi dan pengembangan terak non-besi sebagai pengganti semen dalam beton. Metode pemrosesan, sifat fisik dan mekanis NFS dan penerapannya untuk mendapatkan beton mutu tinggi juga dibahas dalam makalah ini. Tinjauan ini menemukan bahwa beton dengan terak dapat mengurangi hingga separuh emisi CO2 dan menghemat energi sampai dengan 40%. Semen dengan tambahan terak nikel dan tembaga dengan kandungan silika tinggi berpotensi mempertinggi ketahanan beton dengan metode curing yang tepat akibat proses hidrasi yang lebih baik dan porositas rendah. Rasio penambahan optimal sebesar 15% dari berat semen pada faktor air semen tinggi meningkatkan kuat tekan beton hingga 30%. Substitusi terak non-besi pada porsi berat semen dalam beton sangat berpotensi mengatasi masalah penumpukan limbah, mengurangi emisi karbondioksida sehingga mengurangi konsumsi energi global sebagai suatu pendekatan yang ramah lingkungan.
Fantomy
Authors: Rayss Agnieszka
Published: February 2025

Nota autorki o projekcie fotograficznym Fantomy, badającym wątek zbiorów muzealnych oraz sposoby budowania i prezentowania kolekcji.
TINJAUAN KRITIS TERHADAP KONSEP AL-ASHIL DAN AL-DAKHIL
Authors: Razi Fahrur
Published: February 2025

This study reviews the concept of al-dakhil wa al-ashil in Qur'anic interpretation, focusing on Shia infiltration. The literature study method is used to explore the concept. The results show that the concept of al-dakhil is an effort to deal with unauthorized interpretation of the Qur'an, especially regarding the influence of external sources. However, the concept is also prone to ideological claims and repetition without innovation. Some passages are even considered as repetition of previous studies without new ideas. Critics of the concept highlight its inability to accommodate diversity. Nonetheless, the concept is important in understanding the history and challenges in Qur'anic interpretation. Further studies are needed to comprehensively understand this concept.
Philosophy of Islamic Education
Authors: Fitryansyah Muhammad Andryan
Published: February 2025

This research examines nomenclature disputes in Islamic Philosophy of Education using historical, anagogical and philosophical approaches. The research question posed is how the disputes over terms such as 'tarbiyah', 'ta'lim' and 'ta'dib' reflect different views within the Islamic educational tradition and what the philosophical and spiritual implications are. The aim of this study is to provide a deeper understanding of the evolution and meaning of these terms and their contribution to the discourse of Islamic education. The method used is an in-depth literature analysis with a qualitative approach, combining a historical study to trace the development of the terms, an anagogical analysis to unearth their spiritual meaning, and a philosophical approach to explore their conceptual implications. The results show that the nomenclature disputes not only reflect intellectual diversity in Islam but also highlight the need for a more holistic and multidimensional approach in understanding Islamic education. This research contributes to the development of a more inclusive Islamic education discourse that is relevant to the contemporary context.
Tantangan dan Peluang Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Wahyudi Imam , Zakia Ngulam , Anam Ruiziq Khoirul , Analistiani Analistiani
Published: February 2025

The Kurikulum Merdeka is a policy introduced by Indonesia's Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology to create a more flexible, responsive, and relevant education system that meets the demands of globalization and the Industrial Revolution 4.0. However, its implementation in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah still faces various complex challenges. These challenges include the lack of teacher preparedness in implementing the curriculum, limited supporting learning facilities, and insufficient efforts to socialize the curriculum comprehensively. Therefore, strategic measures are needed, such as improving teacher competencies, providing adequate facilities, and intensifying socialization to ensure the optimal implementation of Kurikulum Merdeka at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Legowetan. The researcher employed a qualitative research method with a case study approach. Data collection techniques included interviews with the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Legowetan principal, observations, and documentation. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model, comprising data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The research findings indicate that the main challenges educators face include the need to shift teaching methods from structured approaches to more flexible, student-engaged learning. Limitations in learning media and students' readiness to adapt to the new competency-based approach also pose significant obstacles. The transformation from the 2013 Curriculum to the Kurikulum Merdeka affects how students perceive learning, which now focuses more on processes and skill development. Despite difficulties in aligning learning materials with this more flexible approach, teachers strive to create variations in teaching methods that promote student engagement and facilitate better understanding of the material
PERFORMANCE OF A LOCALLY FABRICATED ONE-ROW POTATO HARVESTER FOR WALK-TRACTOR
Authors:   Department of Environmental and Biosystems Engineering, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya., M.M Nanje , N.A Gitau , O.D Mbuge
Published: February 2025

This study evaluates the performance of a locally fabricated one-row mechanized potato harvester designed for small and medium-scale farms in Kenya, focusing on its efficiency across different soil conditions. Mechanized harvesting addresses inefficiencies and post-harvest losses in potato farming, particularly in Kenya's diverse agricultural environments. The harvester was tested under dry soil (moisture content below 15%) and moderately wet soil (moisture content between 20% and 25%) conditions. Key performance metrics assessed included harvesting efficiency, tuber damage rate, fuel consumption, and field capacity. The harvester achieved an average efficiency of 93.4%, with higher performance observed in moderately wet soil (94.7%) compared to dry soil (92.1%). The average tuber damage rate was 4.2%, with more significant damage occurring in dry soil (4.8%) than in wet soil (3.6%). Fuel consumption remained consistent at 2.5 liters/hectare, and field capacity was measured at 0.4 hectares/hour. These results demonstrate the harvester's reliability and adaptability to local farming conditions, providing a mechanical potato harvesting solution for small-scale farmers in Kenya.
ANALYSIS OF SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIATION OF RIVER SOSIANI WATER QUALITY IN WESTERN KENYA
Authors:   School of Engineering, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Eldoret P.O Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya, O.E Maemba , K.J Kollongei , K.J Lang'at
Published: February 2025

This study evaluates spatiotemporal variation in physiochemical properties of River Sosiani water in Eldoret, Kenya. River Sosiani is an essential supply of water for the residents and industrial activities in Eldoret town. Water Samples were collected in six sampling point along River Sosiani for a period of six months in dry and rainy season and analyzed in accordance with APHA water sampling and processing procedure. Data was managed and analyzed using Excel data analysis function. One way ANOVA and paired t-test analysis were used to determine statistically significant variation in physiochemical parameters along River Sosiani. River Sosiani exhibited spatial variation of all water quality parameters between the means for DO (P=1.20E-19), BOD (P=8.32E-83), Temperature (P=6.00E-13), EC (P=5.32E-14), TDS (P=3.18E-13), pH (P=1.15E-28), Nitrate-N (P=1.49E-33) and TP (P=1.06E-30). Seasonally, all parameters indicated significant temporal variation between the means for DO (P=5.66E-18), BOD (P=2.38E-03), Temperature (P=3.92E-11), EC (P=3.81E-10), TDS (P=1.31E-09), pH (P=1.35E-02), Nitrate-N (P=1.38E-13) and TP (P=6.72E-08). Some of the physiochemical parameters tested were within the recommended WASREB, NEMA and WHO permissible limits for drinking water. However, the study conclusively showed that the water quality of River Sosiani is deteriorated and hence unsuitable for human use. The study recommends urgent measures to conserve the catchment be undertaken and restoration of degraded river section to ensure sustained future provision of ecological services to riparian communities and enhance river’s biological integrity.
HATCHING SYSTEMS IN SIAYA COUNTY
Authors:   School of Engineering, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Eldoret P.O Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya, N Evans , S Mulindi , K Lang'at
Published: February 2025

Poultry farming in Kenya plays a major role in complementing rural and peri-urban households’ food security and income. Farmers have turned to rearing of improved indigenous chicken (IC) due to the fast growth and high production of eggs; one of the strategies used to enhance development of IC is to supply day old chicks to producers. However, the demand for day old chicks outstrips supply because of low hatchability experienced in small holder hatcheries. This study characterized the hatching systems in Siaya County. A survey was conducted on small holder farms and hatcheries to establish characteristics of hatching systems in Siaya County. The study showed that the breeding stock were reared in enclosed and free-range systems with a dominant species of Sasso kuroiler, kenbro and KALRO improved chicken, 55% of the farms attained the standard cock to hen ratio of 1:7 and eggs were stored using both conventional and non-conventional methods. The management practices of the hatchery systems fell outside the standard practices and this contributed immensely for poor performance of farming enterprises. Adoption and implementation of standard practices in hatching systems will contribute to higher performance.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN IMPROVED LOW-COST SOLAR STILL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POTABLE WATER FOR REGIONS WITH LOW SOLAR IRRADIANCE
Authors:   Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, College of Technology University of Bamenda, M Lumnwi , E.N Mbiydzenyuy , F.M Fonteh ,   College of Technology University of Buea
Published: February 2025

Many developing countries are faced with inadequate access to potable water, especially in rural and peri-urban areas, where available freshwater is unsuitable for domestic use. Desalination is a potential solution for purifying polluted or saline water, but common methods are energy-intensive, driving interest in more economical options like solar distillation. Solar distillation, which uses a solar still for water purification, is a promising method but is often limited by low productivity. Single-basin solar stills typically achieve less than 5 litres of freshwater per square meter per day, necessitating further research to enhance output. The primary objective of this study was to develop a cost-effective solar still by incorporating paraffin wax as a phase change material coupled with a heating element (soleplate of a solar pressing iron) to boost productivity. Findings showed that productivity increased with the mass of paraffin wax, reaching a maximum value of 8.6 liters per square meter. Productivities were recorded as 0.75 litres per square meter for the passive solar still, 4.2 litres per square meter for the active solar still, and a peak of 8.6 litres per square meter for the enhanced solar still, reflecting a 104.8% increase in productivity. With a basin water volume of 3 litres, the conventional solar still reached a maximum temperature of 41.2°C, while the enhanced solar still achieved 89.6°C. The cost of water production from the solar still was estimated at $0.01 per litre.
AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY OPERATION TRAINING IN KENYA
Authors:   Egerton University, Faculty of Engineering, Agricultural Engineering Department, P.O. Box 536-20115 Egerton, Kenya, W.P Wamalwa , G Mutuli , J Alele , B Awuor ,   Hello Tractor Ltd, Ground Floor, The Address, Muthangari Drive, Westlands, Nairobi, Kenya., D Kinoti ,   Micro enterprise Support Programme Trust (MESPT), Tausi Lane 01, Westlands, P. O. Box 187 - 00606, Nairobi, Kenya
Published: February 2025

Farm mechanization in Kenya is influenced by increasing population pressure, evolving farm structures, labor availability, and the costs and suitability of technology. Despite investing in expensive tractors, many farmers lack the knowledge to properly operate and maintain them, often leading to inefficiencies and soil degradation. In response, Egerton University, in partnership with Hello Tractor Ltd., the Micro-Enterprise Support Programme, and local tractor dealers, developed an agricultural machinery training program. This program is designed to equip farmers and tractor operators with the skills necessary to maximize machinery efficiency for improved yields while ensuring long-term farm profitability and sustainability. It features eight comprehensive modules that transform tractor drivers into certified agricultural machinery operators. Graduates earn a certificate of competency and a G12 endorsement on their driving licenses. The program’s assessment is divided into 30% theoretical learning and 70% practical fieldwork with agricultural machinery. With a target of training 10,000 operators, the program also aims to unlock financing opportunities for youth and women in agriculture. To date, approximately 280 participants have completed the training, with 85% achieving certification. The gender breakdown includes 86 women (31%) and 194 men (69%). Trainees highly rated the practical skills they acquired, such as ploughing, harrowing, tractor driving, operating planters and boom sprayers, and performing maintenance tasks. These hands-on experiences provide a deeper, more personal understanding of key agricultural concepts.