bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A case study of learning analytics within a statistics course for undergraduate students in economics
Authors:   Université libre de Bruxelles, Dehon Catherine , Emplit Philippe ,   Université libre de Bruxelles, Van Lierde Emma ,   Université libre de Bruxelles
Published: January 2022

Higher education institutions globally face a continuous expansion of their enrolment in which learner success constitutes a major challenge. Therefore, there is growing interest in the analysis of data linked to student learning engagement. Indeed, large amounts of learning-related student data are currently not being fully exploited, while their aggregation and quantitative analysis would definitely be elements valuable to support teachers and students, to optimize students’ learning experience. In this global context, we have applied, in a public university without any academic filter for enrolment, such analysis to virtually tutor first-year undergraduate students in a statistics course. By supporting them in the form of voluntary online self-assessing tests, we examined what were the personal profiles of the students who were using available tests and how they exploited this help. Finally, using econometric models we tried to determine if there was a link between student success and the use of this help.
A problem-solving course in statistics for mathematical science students
Authors:   IDEMS International, Parsons Danny , Stern Roger ,   University of Reading, Stern David ,   IDEMS International
Published: January 2022

A “Statistics Problem-Solving” course has been designed for the African Institute for Mathematical Sciences (AIMS) and given to 47 students on a Mathematical Sciences MSc in Cameroon. The course exposed students to problems in statistics ranging from design, collection, manipulation and organisation of data through to analysis and reporting through games and simulated and real data. Students also worked in groups to explore and report on a specific problem. These included climate for agriculture, procurement for corruption, a poverty survey and 5 other topics. The students’ evaluations confirmed that the course was an “eye opener” with some students stating a new-found interest despite no previous background in statistics. For others, it was totally different to their past statistics courses. This paper presents this statistics problem-solving course, which was designed to excite and engage students through experiential learning.
Recognition of random processes from simulated auditory experiences
Authors:   The University of Auckland, Renelle Amy , Budgett Stephanie ,   The University of Auckland, Jones Rhys ,   The University of Auckland
Published: January 2022

Students frequently exhibit randomness misconceptions due to a multitude of reasons. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether auditory cues corresponding to a sequence of simulated events challenge students’ intuitions of random processes. Results from this study indicate that randomness misconceptions were exhibited by the participants and, through running a simulation, their incorrect perceptions were then explored. From this, it is proposed that further research could investigate whether auditory cues are beneficial in challenging students’ randomness intuitions in a classroom setting. The way in which the tool highlighted the students expectations of waiting times generated from a uniform distribution, and constant waiting times was unexpected outcome of this small pilot study and is yet to be fully explored.
On inferential techniques used in studies on teaching statistics
Authors:   National University of Singapore, Liu Wenqi , Yap Von Bing ,   National University of Singapore
Published: January 2022

Amidst the current debate on the practice of statistical inference, more attention should be directed to the random-sampling assumption. We demonstrate the ubiquity of the assumption in sample surveys, controlled experiments and regression models, and argue that the assumption is crucial to inference. If it fails, as is often the case, not only the P value, but also the confidence interval may not be meaningful. An informal survey of papers that present include inferential data analysis found a low rate of a mention of the issue: 1 in 10 papers in two volumes of Journal of Statistics Education, and 2 in 8 papers in one volume of Statistical Education Research Journal. None of the three papers discuss implications of the failure on the conclusions. We make several recommendations to help the statistics education community improve the practice of inferential data analysis.
Atención social especializada a familias de personas víctimas de desaparición durante la contingencia COVID-19
Authors: Escalera Silva Luz Alejandra , Amador Corral Sandra Rubí , Castellanos López María Luisa
Published: January 2022

En México la situación de la desaparición forzada es crítica, más de 73 mil familias a nivel nacional y más de 4,000 a nivel estatal que están afectadas por la situación que padecen cuando uno de los familiares se encuentra desaparecido. Con motivo de la crisis sanitaria derivada de la pandemia mundial COVID-19, la situación de vulnerabilidad de las familias de desaparecidos se ha incrementado, si bien la epidemia es una condición generalizada en esta población las afectaciones se agudizan por las condiciones en las que viven después del hecho victimizante. El presente documento da cuenta de la atención especializada que dichas familias han recibido en el estado de Nuevo León durante esta crisis sanitaria.
Generalizability of Writing Scores and Language Program Placement Decisions: Score Dependability, Task Variability, and Score Profiles on an ESL Placement Test
Authors: Eskin Daniel
Published: January 2022

Second Language (L2) testing has increasingly relied on performance assessment to evaluate practical command of language acquired. However, such forms of assessment entail more complex task design and subjective human scoring judgment (Bachman, 2004), raising challenges for score dependability and score use due to variability associated with task design (Deville & Chalhoub-Deville, 2006; In’nami, & Koizumi, 2016), differences in rater behavior (Bachman, Lynch, & Mason, 1995), and rating rubric functionality, especially when consisting of multiple subscales (Grabowski & Lin, 2019; Sawaki, 2007, Xi, 2007). The current study illustrates the use of Multivariate Generalizability Theory (MG-Theory) analyses for examining score variability and dependability for written performance assessment on an ESL placement test, rated using an analytic rubric with three subscales. In particular, this study identified the presence of task-related variability that did reduce score dependability for the writing scores yielded from this test. By the same token, this variability could substantively be justified as an artifact of representing the construct of L2 writing ability in a sufficiently broad manner. Simply said, should we expect test takers to have equivalent levels of proficiency when writing a review of an experience as a customer and when writing an argumentative essay as a student?
Readers' Credits for Volume 21, Issue 2
Authors: Kim Peter
Published: January 2022

Studies in Applied Linguistics & TESOL (SALT) would like to thank the following individuals for reviewing the contributions for Volume 21, Issue 2 (2022)
A Review and Discussion of In-service EFL Teachers’ Language Assessment Literacy Level in Junior High School in China
Authors: Sun Yannan
Published: January 2022

In China, English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers seem to be in a dilemma because of the discrepancy existing in classroom teaching and assessment, the new curriculum requirement, and the paucity of language assessment knowledge. To tackle these problems, there is an urgent need to evaluate EFL teachers’ language assessment literacy (LAL) and mitigate the possible obstacles that EFL teachers face. Since the term assessment literacy (AL) was firstly suggested, the concept has been derived in other specific fields, such as LAL. Different theories, models, and research on LAL have been examined to study language teachers’ LAL in many countries; however, LAL is still a new concept in China. Thus, the study aims to investigate and analyze the possible reasons behind the current LAL level of in-service EFL teachers in China.
Uppermost Albian–lower Cenomanian calcareous nannofossils from the Shishentsi-1 and Makresh-1 boreholes, Kula tectonic unit (NW Bulgaria)
Authors: Granchovski Georgi
Published: January 2022

Cenomanian sediments, and Albian/Cenomanian boundary strata, are not largely exposed in NW Bulgaria. Many of the boreholes that have penetrated them have poor core recovery for this stratigraphic interval, and this has greatly hampered investigations. Most of the previously published data are based on sporadic, often poorly preserved, macro- and microfossil finds and some biostratigraphic interpretations are outdated. Sometimes, age assumptions have been made only by means of lithologic comparisons and/or stratigraphic position, without fossil evidence. This paper presents the first calcareous nannofossil study on the available (limited and discontinuous) cores from the Upper Cretaceous of the Shishentsi-1 and Makresh-1 boreholes drilled in the Kula tectonic unit (Vidin District, NW Bulgaria). The Albian–Cenomanian sediments of the Rabisha Formation in both boreholes yielded relatively diverse, generally moderately well-preserved nannofloras; samples from higher stratigraphic levels, which have been assigned to the Kula Formation, proved to be barren. As a result, the presence of the uppermost Albian–lower Cenomanian subzone UC0c (in Shishentsi-1 and Makresh-1) and the lower Cenomanian UC2a (in Makresh-1) has been indicated. The consecutive bases of Gartnerago theta and Prediscosphaera cretacea were both noted within UC0c. The former event has been used to divide UC0c into uppermost Albian–lower Cenomanian and lower Cenomanian intervals. The presence of Gartnerago theta from 1529 m to 1555.15 m in the Shishentsi-1 borehole also suggests that the Albian/Cenomanian boundary lies stratigraphically lower than previously thought.
Iron in thermal waters in Bulgaria – state and problems
Authors: Trayanova Mila , Atanassova Radostina , Hristov Vladimir , Benderev Aleksey
Published: January 2022

The chemical composition of thermal waters has an important role in their use as a shallow geothemal source. One of the chemical components that may have a negative impact is iron. Its presence in the water can lead to both chemical and biocorrosion, as well as filling of the wells and facilities associated with the use of thermal waters. The aim of the study is to characterize the iron content and its present forms in thermal waters in Bulgaria. More than 250 samples of water sources revealing thermal waters are summarized and analyzed. In most cases iron concentrations are between 0.01 and 0.05 mg/l and in only 10% – it is above 0.1 mg/l. The forms of iron found in the water, the mineral phases, which can be formed, as well as their changes that occur with decreasing of temperature and increasing of the oxidation-reduction potential of the waters, are determined. It makes possible to predict the occurrence of undesirable processes (scaling and/or corrosion) for their exploitation after reaching the surface.
Prognosis and Therapeutic Biomarker in the Management of Gastric Adenocarcinoma in Brazzaville
Authors: Mambouene Fidele , Moudiongui Dimitry
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Gastric cancer is predominantly represented by adenocarcinoma, which is the most common histological type. The latter develops from the gastric epithelium and remains a global public health problem. The aim of the study was to assess the overexpression of the Her2 biomarker of gastric adenocarcinoma in Brazzaville.
Materials and Methods: Samples of gastric carcinomatous tissues (paraffin blocks) were analyzed by the manual immunohistochemistry technique for the evaluation of the Her2 biomarker. Samples were collected retrospectively between January 2008 and December 2018.
Results: during this period, 52 samples were analyzed. The immunohistochemistry results show that the Her2 protein positivity rate in adenocarcinoma cases was 9.6%.
Conclusion: The results obtained during this preliminary study confirm the presence of the Her2 biomarker in 9.6% of gastric adenocarcinoma cases, which is consistent with the data in the literature.

Key words: Her2, Gastric adenocarcinoma, Immunohistochemistry.
PENDIRIAN UNIT BISNIS BARU TOMATOES CHEESE MILK DI CV SOEBI AGRIKULTURA INDONESIA KABUPATEN BANDUNG BARAT
Authors: Sahat Tua Manalu Doni , Shafa Maura Salsabila
Published: January 2022

Indonesia dikenal sebagai negara agraris yang memiliki potensial cukup besar di bidang pertanian. Sebagai negara agraris, Indonesia memiliki beranekaragam tanaman hortikultura yang memberikan peranan penting dalam mendukung kegiatan bisnis pertanian. Penelitian dilaksanakan di CV Soebi Agrikultura Indonesia Kabupaten Bandung Barat bertujuan untuk 1) merumuskan ide pemikiran guna pengembangan unit bisnis baru pada CV Soebi Agrikultura Indonesia berdasarkan analisis lingkungan internal dan lingkungan eksternal, 2) menyusun strategi pengembangan unit bisnis baru pada CV Soebi Agrikultura Indonesia, 3) menyusun kajian perencanaan pengembangan unit bisnis baru pada CV Soebi Agrikultura Indonesia baik secara non finansial maupun finansial. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, strategi pengembangan usaha yang diperoleh melalui identifikasi lingkungan internal dan lingkungan eksternal yaitu mendirikan bisnis baru yang dapat meningkatkan nilai jual. Hasil dari analisis SWOT diperoleh strategi yang dapat dijalankan oleh perusahaan yaitu membuat produk olahan dengan bahan dasar berupa komoditas tomat beef yang tidak layak diperjualbelikan dalam rangka mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan limbah yang ada dan pemanfaatan limbah komoditas sayuran lettuce dengan cara diolah menjadi pupuk organik.PENDIRIAN UNIT BISNIS BARU TOMATOES CHEESE MILK DI CV SOEBI AGRIKULTURA INDONESIA KABUPATEN BANDUNG BARAT
A case of atmospheric electricity injury. Clinical observation
Authors: Ostrovskiy N. V. , Ermolova R. D.
Published: January 2022

Objective. The world statistics on lightning strike outcomes reveals 6000 to 24000 human deaths annually. The lightning strike regular mortality is 20–30% with two thirds of survivors having serious complications and long lasting consequences. Every third person struck by lightning bears skin damage.

Clinical observation. The man, 27 years old, was traumatized after the lightning struck into his forehead area.  A contused-lacerated wound of soft tissues was diagnosed. The patient was taken to the local district hospital for primary care. 20 days after receiving the injury, he turned to the Saratov Regional Clinical Center for Combustio- logy, where he underwent autodermoplasty of the defect in the integument of the skull.

Discussion. Direct lightning strike is technically a result of the immediate contact of the injured with the atmospheric electricity. It comprises no more than 5% all lightning strike cases. The outcome is often lethal as the electrical discharge received is the highest.

Conclusion. Autodermotransplanting is advantageous in the replacement of damaged skin integument, inclu- ding that caused by atmospheric electricity. In such situations adequate first aid treatment, timely transportation, staged medical treatment, specialized stationary treatment, proper surgical treatment, and post-operative care are important.
Algorithm of surgical treatment of large bone defects of long tubular bones by vascularized bone grafting
Authors: Ladutko D. Yu. , Podhaisky V. N. , Ladutko Yu. N. , Pekar A. V. , Kezlya O. P. , Selitsky А. V. , Gubicheva A. V.
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to develop a clinical classification of large defects of long tubular bones of the extremities and protocols for surgical treatment by vascularized bone grafting.

Material and methods. The results of treatment of 51 patients with large defects of the long tubular bones of the upper and lower extremities were analyzed. In 25 cases, along with bone defects, there were significant defects of the soft tissues of the limb with trophic and scar changes. In order to replace the bone defect vascularized grafts were used: bone-muscular fibular, bone-cutaneous fibular, bone-cutaneous iliac, bone-cutaneous radial, bone-cutaneous tibial, and combined bone-cutaneous fibular with an allograft from the tibia. The results of treatment of patients were evaluated according to the clinical criteria of R. Johner, O. Wruhs (1983), proposed for the lower limb. The DASH questionnaire was use to evaluate the results of treatment for upper limb defects.

The results and discussion. The classification is based on 4 variable criteria: the size, anatomical localization of the bone defect, the size of the soft tissue defect and the shortening of the damaged limb segment. The size and anatomical location of the defect in the long tubular bone is important in choosing a bone flap. Based on the anatomical localization of the bone defect, soft tissue damage and limb shortening, the patients were classified into 4 types. The first 3 types were divided into 2 subtypes, depending on the size of bone damage and soft tissues defect of the limb. Based on the proposed classification, we have developed protocols for microsurgical reconstruction of large bone defects of the extremities for each subtype of bone defect.

Conclusion. The application of the developed clinical classification of large bone defects of long tubular bones and protocols for their surgical treatment by vascularized bone grafting made it possible to restore limb function in 96% of cases.
A Review on Buckling Behavior of Aircraft Wing Box Panel
Authors: Kashif Hussain Syed , Safiulla Mir
Published: January 2022

In transport aircrafts, most of the lift load is taken up by wing structure, due to which the wings of the aircraft bend upward during the flight. This results in compression and tension in upper and lower skins resulting in the plate buckling phenomenon in the skin. As buckling reduces the ability of the component to take up load, the component may eventually fail well below the design load. The structure should have a buckling factor greater than one for safe operations. In the current review, research on buckling behaviour of wing box panel of an aircraft is explored.
Click Chemistry: copper, ruthenium catalyzed and photoinduced
Authors: Biswas Aayushmoti , Singha Debabrata , Pal Nilasish
Published: January 2022

Click chemistry is an extremely powerful method for covalent conjugation of molecular entities quickly and efficiently. Click chemistry knitted the threads between two different molecular entities that have created interesting structures for more than 15 years with a wide range of applications, including in interesting fields such as synthetic chemistry, medicinal science, biochemistry, material science, pharmacology and catalysis. Due to the schematic modification and incorporation of azide and alkyne groups within biological scaffolds, azide-alkyne cycloaddition (AAC) is still the leading methodology among click chemistry. This review focuses on the mechanism, scope, and applications of the CuAAC reaction, RuAAC reaction, and the recent development of photo-click reactions, and their applications cover the literature from the last ten years.
On the theoretical scheme of the phenomenon of mud loss into formation
Authors: Mirzajanzade A. Kh.
Published: January 2022

The article proposes a new formula for determining the penetration depth of clay solution into the formation. This formula, unlike other known formulas, takes into account the effect of porosity and permeability. The article also sets the task of modeling this effect and specifies general ways to solve this issue. Keywords: Drilling; Formation; Clay solution; Porosity; Permeability; Rressure gradient.
Statistical modeling of oil reservoir life cycle
Authors:   «OilGasScientificResearchProject» Institute, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan, Suleimanov B.A. , Ismayilov F. S. ,   «OilGasScientificResearchProject» Institute, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan, Dyshin O. A. ,   Azerbaijan State Oil Academy, Baku, Azerbaijan, Keldibayeva S. S. ,   KazMunayGas, Aktau, Kazakhstan
Published: January 2022

Based on statistical analysis, a method of stage-by-stage structuring and allocation of the boundaries of the stages of oil field development is proposed. The procedures for calculating the remaining recoverable reserves and the time to reach the maximum level of current oil production are given. Based on the values of accumulated oil production at the final stage of development, using the adaptive Kalman filter, forecasts of oil production are constructed in discrete time and estimates of the possibility of achieving design indicators with the existing development system are given. Keywords: Stage-to-stage structuring; Development stages; Forecast of recoverable reserves; Predicted oil production; Kalman filter.
Non-stationary effect of thermoactive polymer composition for deep leveling of filtration profile
Authors:   SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan, Latifov Y.A.
Published: January 2022

A new technology has been developed to stimulate a reservoir making use of a thermoactive polymer composition. The cyclic injection of the reagent allows you to change the direction, speed of flow, create non-stationary waveform pressure. Under the influence of shifts of positive and negative pressure drops in the formation occurs redistribution of formation fluids, reduction of capillary pressures and the presence of a working agent in oil-saturated low-permeability zone. It has been experimentally established that with a non-stationary effect of the proposed composition, the filtration profile is levelled due to the deep penetration of the composition into the formation and an increase in the residual resistance factor of high water cut zones. Experimentally determined growth coefficient of displacement for stratified heterogeneous formation with overflows reaches 19.5%. Keywords: Thermoactive polymer composition, non-stationary action, flow, capillary pressure, water cut zones
Development of new controlling methods for the impact on the productive formation for "Neft Dashlary" oilfield
Authors:   «OilGasScientificResearchProject», SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan, Ibrahimov Kh.M. , Huseynova N.I. ,   «OilGasScientificResearchProject», SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan, Hajiyev A.A. ,   «OilGasScientificResearchProject», SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan
Published: January 2022

The article are showed the theoretical, laboratory-experimental and field studies results, which related with the developing and using of the new approaches for determining the injected water moving direction and distribution in the productive formation. The researching results were tested at the oilfield "Neft Dashlary" (X horizon). In the selected area of the oilfield "Neft Dashlary", the benefit from the calculation method using amounted to 62.9 thousand manats. Keywords: diagnostics, filtration, monitoring, streamlines, oil recovery, tracer, impact, productive formations
Comparative study of the operational properties of deviated and straight gas-lift wells and sensitivity analysis of pressure gradient
Authors:   ", Abdullayev V. J. ,   OilGasScientificResearchProject",   İnstitute, Socar, Baku, Azerbaijan
Published: January 2022

The article presents a benchmarking analysis of the complex well body structure effect on the hydraulic parameters of the liquid-gas flow pattern in deviated wells. The difference between the consumption of the working agent (gas) required to lift the same amount of liquid from the same depth in vertical and inclined gas-lift wells is shown. Considering the complexity of the hydrodynamic flow properties in deviated wells, the impossibility of analytical flow simulation, the article provides the problem study using statistical methods and gives its practical solution. The article presents a mathematical expression to determine the dynamic pressure gradient using this method, that is, by group calculation of indicators of gas-lift wells with an deviated body, and its numerical value was found. Keywords: vertical and deviated gas-lift wells; pressure drop; special gas flow rate; gas-liquid mixture.
Traducir filosofía : nota a la traducción de AΠOKATAΣTAΣIΣ ΠANTΩ de Leibniz al español
Authors: Vásquez Velasco Lidia Alejandra
Published: January 2022

This is a translation note on the ecdotic process that supports Leibniz’s Spanish translation of the epistolary manuscript Apocatastasis Panton. First, Leibniz’s concern for trans lation will be exposed, then what ecdotics is and what its scope is in terms of interpretation to legitimize both a translation and a reading. Finally, the philological route of the manuscript and its translations is shown, as well as the philosophical route.
Cuestiones de metafísica leibniziana : sobre Dios y verdades eternas
Authors: López Alberto Luis
Published: January 2022

This paper addresses some issues of Leibniz’s metaphysics to show the relationship between religion, God, and the conception of eternal truths, and with that to reveal that Leibniz’s philosophy is a coherent and intertwined whole. His idea of religion is set out briefly, then his metaphysics is analyzed, in particular creation and what are the eternal truths. The paper ends with a commentary on some quotations from the New essays that make evident that these truths require the existence of God.
Brazilian Public Schools and COVID-19: a picture of an asynchrony between technology and teaching practices
Authors: Carius Ana Carolina
Published: January 2022

This paper analyzes the process of preparation of Brazilian schools in terms of technological infrastructure, considering that these schools were not, for the most part, prepared for the use of technological tools during the so-called remote education due to COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the predominant remote pedagogical practices at the national level were evaluated and how difficulties inherent to this process were overcome. As a research methodology, a literature review was carried out focusing on Brazilian remote education experiences, in addition to quantitative infrastructural analysis, based on data from School Censuses (official data from the federal government) for the years 2019 and 2020. Concludes that there was investment in digital technology in Brazilian schools during 2020 and that pedagogical practices in the same year were conducted empirically, from different realities, observing the individual commitment and interest of students, families, teachers, and managers, it is still necessary to work hard so that digital culture is part of the educational environment.
compensación: un modo de extinguirse las obligaciones
Authors: Orúe Cruz José René
Published: January 2022

El presente trabajo analiza la institución de la compensación un modo de extinguirse las obligaciones, a partir del marco regulatorio previsto en el Código Civil, destacando algunos referentes del derecho comparado; se pretende el acercamiento entre la realidad práctica de los profesionales del derecho con lo previsto en la ley; con el fin de contribuir al entendimiento de dicha figura jurídica y superar las carencias que se presentan en cuanto a reconocer los requisitos o elementos típicos. Finalizando con algunas reflexiones.
Konsep Pisah Ranjang dalam Sifat tak-terputuskan Perkawinan Katolik: Analisis Kanon 1151-1155
Authors: Adon Mathias , Dominggus Hyronimus
Published: January 2022

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the meaning of "separate bed" in the concept of the unbreakable nature of a Catholic marriage. The Catholic Church in essence highly values ​​the essential nature of marriage, which is one and indivisible. This also emphasizes that the Catholic Church does not want a divorce. The church only recognizes "bed separation" in the context of husband and wife who want to separate. The Code of Canon Law (Can. 1151-1155) is very clear and detailed what this “bed separation” means. In addition, "separate bed" is an opportunity for husband and wife who are separated to introspect each other. This research was conducted using a library research method which is descriptive in a Catholic Church Law perspective. From this research, We found the basic point of what the meaning of “separation of bed” in the Catholic Church is that distinguishes it from the road to divorce. In other words, separation in the Catholic Church will not eliminate the unbreakable nature of marriage, unless death separates it.Abstrak: Penelitian studi ini memiliki tujuan menelaah makna “pisah ranjang” dalam konsep sifat tak-terputuskannya Perkawinan Katolik. Gereja Katolik pada intinya sangat menghargai sifat hakiki dalam perkawinan yakni satu dan tak-terputuskan. Hal ini pun mau menegaskan bahwa Gereja Katolik tidak menginginkan adanya perceraian. Gereja hanya mengenal “pisah ranjang” untuk konteks suami-istri yang memang ingin berpisah. Kitab Hukum Kanonik (Kan. 1151-1155) dengan sangat jelas dan terperinci bagaimana arti dari “pisah ranjang” ini. Selain itu, “pisah ranjang” sejatinya menjadi kesempatan untuk suami-istri yang berpisah untuk saling menginstropeksi diri. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian studi pustaka yang bersifat deskriptif dalam perspektif Hukum Gereja Katolik. Dari penelitian ini, kami menemukan titik dasar apa makna “pisah ranjang” dalam Gereja Katolik yang membedakannya dengan jalan menuju perceraian. Dengan kata lain, berpisah dalam Gereja Katolik tidak akan menghilangkan sifat tak-terputuskan Perkawinan, kecuali maut memisahkannya.
Hemodynamics of Mitral Stenosis
Authors: Saxena Ashish
Published: January 2022

Hemodynamic is the intravascular pressure and flow that circulate blood throughout the body. In both the venous and arterial compartments, variations in pressure and flow will necessarily affect each other. Flow and pressure within and between the arterial and venous compartments are influenced by hemodynamic on a beat-to-beat basis. Hemodynamic values that are treated in one compartment are dependent on the state of the other compartments. There are several curved proximal isovelocity surface areas as the streamlines of flow approach the stenotic orifice. A stenotic valve's spatial flow velocity profile depends on its anatomy, inlet geometry, and degree of flow acceleration. A patient with Mitral Stenosis (MS) experiences a pressure gradient from the left atrium to the left ventricle that propels the flow abruptly across the stenotic orifice. An arc-shaped flow profile is created, and the atrioventricular valve will therefore have a hemi elliptical velocity profile. At the level of narrowed stenotic orifices, high-velocity jets form in laminar flow when it reaches the vena contracta, the narrowest cross-sectional area downstream from the anatomic orifice, the flow profile in cross-section is relatively flat at the jet's origin and remains flat until the jet reaches the anatomic orifice. Distally from the stenotic region, the blood flow becomes disorganized with multiple velocities and directions. Stenotic mitral valves exhibit thickened leaflets with a reduced excursion. In this review, we will discuss the challenges and changes which occur in hemodynamic of MS.
New Plant Records for the Flora of West Bengal
Authors: Ranjan Vinay , Kumar Anant , Srivastava S.
Published: January 2022

Two new records (Ixora subsessilis and Luculia pinceana) for the flora of West Bengal have been reported.
Ocena procesów zarządzania bhp – aspekty teoretyczne
Authors:   Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Pęciłło Małgorzata
Published: January 2022

Measuring the effectiveness and efficiency of occupational health and safety management processes is a current problem, especially in the dynamically changing environment of the organization – both immediate and further. The lack of a terminological regime makes it difficult to understand the different approaches to measuring these processes. The article attempts to organize the terminology in this area and presents two different tools for assessing OSH management processes, which can be successfully used in practice, depending on the purpose and needs of the enterprise.
Self Control Counseling for Students during Covid-19 through Al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan Curriculum
Authors: Lahmi Ahmad , Ritonga Mahyudin , Raviusman Raviusman , Imran Yusida
Published: January 2022

The Covid-19 outbreak has not only changed the economic, social, and educational systems but has also affected the psychology of students. This study aimed to explore the form of self-control counseling for students through Al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan during Covid-19. This study is important considering AIK as a compulsory curriculum in Muhammadiyah schools and colleges to form students cognitively and form an emotionally and spiritually mature generation. This study was designed with a qualitative approach with data sources namely AIK teachers and students through purposive sampling. Based on the results, first, AIK material has the power to provide counseling to students in situations faced with life problems. Second, self-control counseling through AIK provides strength and emotional maturity for students to accept God's provisions. Third, the forms of self-control counseling provided to students during the Covid-19 period are in the form of personal counseling, worship counseling, study counseling, and organizational counseling.
Teñido de hilado de alpaca utilizando pigmento extraído de la col morada (Brassica olerecea var. capitata f. rubra)
Authors: Sucasaca Quispe Alexander , Guevara Garnica Eusebio Disederio
Published: January 2022

El teñido de fibras proteicas como la fibra de alpaca, hoy en día es realizado mediante el uso de colorantes sintéticos. Sin embargo, la constitución química de la fibra también posibilita la tintura con pigmentos naturales con el uso de mordientes. El propósito de la presente investigación fue realizar el proceso de teñido de hilado de alpaca con pigmento extraído de la col morada, con la finalidad de obtener hilados teñidos de diferentes tonalidades cromáticas con buenas solideces de color. Para ello, se desarrolló la extracción del pigmento mediante el método tradicional de la infusión con solvente agua y con el pigmento extraído se realizó el teñido de hilado de alpaca utilizando mordientes: ácido cítrico, sulfato de hierro, alumbre y sulfato de aluminio, evaluándose la solidez de color a la luz solar. Los resultados de la evaluación de solideces de las madejas mostraron valores de 3 a 4.5 utilizando los mordientes mencionados, aunque con el sulfato de aluminio hubo menor perdida de color al momento de realizar los enjuagues. Se concluye que, con el sulfato de aluminio se obtiene mejor afinidad al pigmento de la col morada para la obtención de tonalidades azules. Además, este estudio de teñido de hilado de alpaca indica que el pigmento extraído de la col morada puede lograr tinturas de tonalidades dentro de los colores: azules, rosados, verdes y beige.
WOUND HEALING EFFICACY OF HONEY, ALOE VERA, AND TURMERIC
Authors: Jamil Muhammad , Kashif Muhammad , Ahmad Bashir , Sadia Bibi , Khan Imtiaz , Qazi Imran , Khan Muhammad Fahimullah , Ali Mubarik , Rasheed Muhammad , Arif Muhammad Rehan
Published: January 2022

Skin naturally acts as a body's protective layer and external environmental factors that can harm internal body organs are protected by it.So, maintaining skin integrity is vital for normal physiological functioning.In our daily lives, the bodies of both animals and humans are subjected to various forms of violence, some of which are severe enough to destroy the skin's continuity.A wound is a breakdown in the continuity of the skin. When the skin's continuity is disrupted, the body's interior organs are exposed.There's a risk of death in this case.There's a risk of death in this case. The skin's immediate response to a wound is the first step in the healing process, which begins automatically after the injury has been inflicted.It is possible to speed up this process in a variety of ways, including keeping the wound free of bacterial infection, moisture, and dirt.A number of antiseptic dressings are available for this purpose, and when applied topically,they help to speed up the healing process of wounds.They protect the wound from contamination by microorganisms and speed up the healing process.Among these are Aloe vera, honey, and turmeric, all of which have considerable wound healing capabilities.Turmeric, honey, and Aloe vera are all considered good for promoting wound healing.They are involved in the prevention of platelet aggregation, myocardial infarction, tumour formation, inflammatory cytokine release, oxidative stress, and metastasis.Several studies have demonstrated that they play a critical function in the promotion of wound healing. Their use for wound dressing has proven to be a successful method. The primary goal of this review is to summarise previous scientists' findings with authentic concluding verse for the use of Aloe vera,Turmeric and Honey that are safe, readily available, and less expensive.
RELATION OF AMENORRHEA WITH PCOS BELOW 35 AGE
Authors: Fazal Anam , Khadija Syeda , Zafar Wajiha , Sana Amna , Shazadi Raisa , Rasool Kinza
Published: January 2022

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a series of disorders which comprises anovulation, hyper-androgenism indications and polycystic ovaries. There are many causes of amenorrhea such as estrogen-deficient amenorrhea, estrogen-replete amenorrhea, exercise induced amenorrhea, stress induced, medication induced amenorrhea, eating disorders, anorexia nervosa, hypothalamic amenorrhea and PCOS. OBJECTIVE: The objective is to review the frequency of amenorrhea in patients with PCOS. To review about the complex relationship between the PCOS and amenorrhea. Is really amenorrhea is common complaint in all PCOS patients? METHODs: I reviewed articles from Google Scholar, Sci-hub, and PubMed etc. There is a lot of data which I reviewed. Data from females came with different gynecological complaints are also reviewed and females with PCOS are also reviewed.RESULT: By reviewing previous studies, oligo-amenorrhea is much more common than amenorrhea in females diagnosed with PCOS in their reproductive age. Amenorrhea especially secondary amenorrhea is most common in teenagers and adolescents. PCOS is common cause of secondary amenorrhea but PCOS is more common in females with oligo-amenorrhea. CONCLUSION: In previous studies, there are many patients with complaints of amenorrhea and diagnosed with PCOS but there are also some patients who came with other gynecological complaints and diagnosed with PCOS. So this also challenges somehow the Rotterdam criteria for PCOS.
BURNOUT AMONG SPEECH LANGUAGE PATHOLOGISTS IN WORK SETTINGS
Authors: Khan Muhammad Azzam , Saeed Bareera , Ahmed Muhammad , Yousaf Ruhamah , Yaqoob Saba , Ghayas Khan Muhammad Sikander , Fatima Wafa , Faridi Tallal Anwar
Published: January 2022

Speech-language pathologists being the important component of the health care professionals arevulnerable to Burnout syndrome. This generated a necessity to come up with approaches to eradicate this burnout by providing compensations from the organizations and taking care of the well being, job satisfaction of the speech-language pathologists. Objective: To assess the burnout among Speech-language pathologists in clinical and academic setup.Methodology: A cross-sectional study was held in which speech-language pathologists (n= 133) completed an online survey with 15 questions related to Burnout. A self-designed questionnaire was developed with the help of expert opinion and literature review. Measures of ratings included custom-made attitudinal statements towards burnout by Speech-language pathologists.Results: The outcome demonstrates that 46.5% of Speech-language pathologists experience Burnout which suggests that there’s no substantial burnout among Speech-language pathologists in clinical and academic setup.Conclusion(s):Job contentment, pressure, and burnout were found to be attributed to several occupational aspects, comprising components of need, assistance, and reward. No prior surveys have analyzed the interaction between various components of a job, which might increase satisfaction or alleviate tension in SLPs.
Elevated D-Dimer levels are strongly associated with High Mortality Rate in COVID-19 patients. An observational Study
Authors: Farooqi Humaira , Firdous Safia , Kazmi Salman , Anwer Ammar , Bashir Asifa , Abideen Zain Ul
Published: January 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome called COVID-19, was declared as global health emergency and a pandemic due to its worldwide distribution and frightful spread. Patients are presented with severe respiratory illness along with thrombotic disorders. Elevated d-dimer level (>2000ng/ml) is a potentialpredictive biomarker of the disease outcome and prognosis. The objective of the present study isto find the association ofhigh d-dimer levels and mortality rate in COVID-19 patients to establish the optimal cutoff value for use in clinical setting. Methods: Present study enrolled 318COVID-19 patients admitted to Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan and confirmed by RT-PCR. On admission d-dimer levelof enrolled patients was measured by fluorescence immuno assay and reported in ng/ml. The enrolled subjects were divided in groupsbased on their age, gender, on admission d-dimer levels (<2000ng/ml and >2000ng/ml), outcome (survivors, non-survivors) and variant (α, β, and γ). Wilcoxon test was used to check the d-dimer level difference in survivor and non-survivor group. Results:81%patients (257/316) died and were categorized as non-survivors while 19% (61/318) were discharged after recovery and were categorized as survivors. Mean d-dimer levelfor survivor group was 2070ng/ml (±3060ng/ml) whereas for non-survivor group was 8010ng/ml (±5404ng/ml) and mean difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).D-dimer level washighest (upto 20,000ng/ml) in second wave(β-variant) as compared to other two wavesand caused highest number of deaths (n=163). Conclusion: Present study reports the d-dimer levels (>2000ng/ml)are strongly associated withhigh mortality rate in COVID-19 patients.
Comparing Frequency of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Diabetic Cirrhotic with Non Diabetic Cirrhotic Patients
Authors: Bashir Afsheen , Ahmad Farida , Khan Sikandar Ali , Subhan Zakia , Shah Summeira Jabeen , Ali Karishama , Inayat Fawad , Ullah Irfan
Published: January 2022

Cardiac autonomic neuropathy is most common secondary complication of diabetes mellitusis frequently undiagnosed and neglected complication even though it is an independent predictor of mortality and morbidity. This phenomenon can be further exacerbated with co-morbidities like cirrhosis. High prevalence of diabetes as well as cirrhosis has been reported in Pakistan. However, proper knowledge and information regarding incidence of diabetesin cirrhosis induced cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in is lacking.So, its early detection and timely management is needed to prevent cirrhotic and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Our objective is to determine and compare the frequency of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetic cirrhotic and non-diabetic cirrhotic patients. Methods:Cross sectional study was done on120 patients enrolled in Mufti Mehmood Memorial Teaching Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan. Two groups, diabetic cirrhotic and nondiabetic cirrhotic patients were taken.Those diabetic cirrhotic patients were selected, who had controlled glycemic levels due to proper medication, and patients of both groups had a definite diagnosis of cirrhosis liver. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy was determined in each patient using five standard tests. There after Bellavere,s scoring system was applied to assess  the extent of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in each subject. Results: There were 33 males and 27 females in diabetic cirrhotic group and 31 males and 29 females in non-diabetic cirrhotic group. The mean age was 57.48 ± 10.80 years in diabetic cirrhotic patients whereas in the non-diabetic cirrhotic patients, mean age was 51.92 ± 14.21 years. In the diabetic cirrhotic group, 52 patients had parasympathetic tests derangement and 50 patients had sympathetic tests derangement. In non-diabetic cirrhotic 48 patients had parasympathetic tests derangement and 47 patients had sympathetic test derangement. After analysing the results of frequency of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, the comparison between the two groups reveal that there is no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions:This study shows that cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy develops frequently in cirrhotic subjects, that it is found with comparable frequency in diabetics and non-diabetics, and that it increases in severity with increase in severity of liver damage, suggesting that liver damage contributes to the neurological deficit.
SWOT ANALYSIS OF ONLINE EDUCATION SYSTEM DURING COVID-19 AT UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD
Authors: Shahzadi Anam , Shaukat Hina , Ishtiaq Asma , Amir Rana Muhammad , Raza Hafiz Ali , Kanwel Ayesha
Published: January 2022

All educational institution in Pakistan has shifted from physical classes to online classes. The unexpected outbreak of an epidemic known as Covid-19 due to Corona Virus (SARS-CoV-2) during the covid-19 pandemic has shocked the complete world. The purpose of this research is SWOT analysis of online system during Covid-19. The population of this study was all the students of M.Phil. Education 2nd Semester student atthe University of Agriculture Faisalabad. The sample size of 84 respondents was obtained by using the survey software technique, available online at http://www.surveysystem.comwith a confidence level of 93% and a confidence interval of 7%. Well- structured questionnaire was designed for data collection from the respondents. Then the data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).Online learning has the strengths of accessing at anytime, anywhere, saves time, promotes retention of learning, and reduces the cost of commuting/transportation. Among weaknesses, its high dependency on the network connection, teacher’s inability to check on every student and limited assessment. The opportunity of online education is to connect with teachers and students from far-away places
ANALISIS KESULITAN BELAJAR MATEMATIKA PADA PEMBELAJARAN DARING SISWA KELAS III DI SDN PORIS GAGA 06 KOTA TANGERANG
Authors: Iknesya Siskanti Melani , Puspita Rini Candra , Amaliyah Aam
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesulitan-kesulitan belajar yang dialami siswa dan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesulitan belajar yang dialami siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskripstif, subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas 3 SDN Poris Gaga 06 Kota Tangerang. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode observasi, wawancara, dan tes matematika. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa kesulitan belajar matematika dapat dilihat dari kecenderungan rendahnya hasil latihan soal. Kesulitan yang dialami siswa dalam belajar matematika yaitu kesulitan dalam memahami soal, kesulitan dalam melakukan operasi hitung pembagian, kesulitan dalam memecahkan masalah matematika. Faktor yang mempengaruhi kesulitan belajar adalah faktor internal diantaranya yaitu, lamban dalam memahami materi, faktor kejiwaan berupa perasaan tidak suka terhadap mata pelajaran matematika sehingga menyebabkan sikap negatif tidak memperhatikan ketika guru menjelaskan materi dan tidak aktif saat pembelajaran, dan faktor fisiologis berupa siswa merasa kebingungan saat pelajaran matematika. Faktor eksternal meliputi metode yang digunakan masih belum bervariasi yaitu hanya memberikan tugas dan tidak melibatkan siswa ikut terlibat aktif secara daring dalam pembelajaran.