Yield and winter resistance level of various winter wheat varieties and lines under different growing conditions
Authors:   National Scientific Center «Institute of Agriculture NAAS», Holyk L. 
Published: January 2021

Studies of varieties and lines of soft winter wheat, which were conducted during 2014-2017 in the competitive variety testing of selection crop rotation NSC "Institute of Agriculture NAAS", found, that they behave differently in the forest-steppe growing zone and when tested over the years. It was found, that the level of winter hardiness (8 points) in the experiment, in accordance with the Lisova pisnia standard, was increased in 2014. The average level of winter hardiness (7 points) in the experiment was obtained in 2015, 2016, 2017 years. In 2014-2017 from 33 varieties and lines of soft winter wheat competitive variety testing allocated 30 ranks to determine the level of yield in the Northern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. For two years of research (2016-2017) it was found, that the yield of the line Lutescens 188-13 was 8.46 t / ha and it was classified as rank 1; line Erythrospermum 242-13 - yield 8.45 t / ha, rank 2; variety Merezhka (Dovira) - yield 8.29 t / ha, rank 3; line Lutescens 101-13 - yield 8.15 t / ha, rank 4; variety Polysyanka - yield 8.15 t / ha, rank 4; variety Spivanka Poliska - yield 8.15 t / ha, rank 4; variety Myroliubna - yield 8.11 t / ha, rank 5; line Erythrospermum 185-13 - yield 7.75 t / ha, rank 7; line Erythrospermum 176-13 - yield 7.69 t / ha, rank 9; line Erythrospermum 279-13 - yield 7.65 t / ha, rank 10; line Erythrospermum 251-13 - yield 7.53 t / ha, rank 12; line Lutescens 151-160-13 - yield 7.30 t / ha, rank 15. During three years of research (2015-2017) the yield of variety Shchedrivka Kyivska was 7.55 t / ha and it was classified as rank 11; line Lutescens 161-170-13 - yield 7.32 t / ha, rank 14; line Lutescens 171-180-13 - yield 7.30 t / ha, rank 15; variety Vodogray - yield 7.25 t / ha, rank 16; line Lutescens 197-13 - yield 7.18 t / ha, rank 18; line Lutescens 195-13 - yield 7.00 t / ha, rank 20; line Lutescens 240-13 - yield 6.99 t / ha, rank 21, line Erythrospermum 278-13 - yield 6.90 t / ha, rank 22; line Erythrospermum 291-13– yield 6.70 t / ha, rank 25; line Lutescens 238-13 - yield 6.66 t / ha, rank 26; line Lutescens 392-13 - yield 6.38 t / ha, rank 30. During four years of research (2014-2017) the yield of the variety Kpaievyd was 7.84 t / ha, it is classified as rank 6; variety Kesariya Poliska - yield 7.71 t / ha, rank 8; line Lutescens 190-13 - yield 7.44 t / ha, rank 13; line Lutescens 196-13 - yield 7.22 t / ha, rank 17; variety Pamiati Hirka - yield 7.05 t / ha, rank 19; variety Benefis - yield 6.88 t / ha, rank 23; line Lutescens 231-13 - yield 6.80 t / ha, rank 24; line Erythrospermum 355-13 - yield 6.61 t / ha, rank 27; line Erythrospermum 175-13 - yield 6.49 t / ha, rank 28; line Erythrospermum 271-13 - yield 6.45 t / ha, rank 29.The best varieties and lines of 2014 to the level of yield (9.30-6.75 t / ha, respectively, the standard of 6.44 t / ha) and valuable economic characteristics revealed Kraevyd, Erythrospermum 175-13, Caesarea Poliska, Pamiati Hirka, Stolichna, Benefis, Olzhana, Lutescens 161-170-13, Lutescens 197-13, Lutescens 190-13), Lutescens 195-13, Lutescens 171-180-13, Lutescens 240-13, Erythrospermum 355-13, Lutescens 238-13 .The best varieties and lines of 2015 to the level of yield (7.03-5.75 t / ha, respectively, the standard Lisova pisnya 5.73 t / ha) and valuable economic characteristics revealed: Shchedrivka Kyivska, Lutescens 190-13, Lutescens 196-13, Lutescens 171-180-13, Lutescens 374-13, Kesariya Poliska, Lutescens 161-170-13, Benefis, Lutescens 238-13, Lutescens 197-13, Vodogray.Among the varieties and lines of 2016 the best up to the level of yield (9.06-8.52 t / ha, respectively, the standard 7.25 t / ha) and valuable economic characteristics were found Lutescens 195-13, Lutescens 189-13, Shchedrivka Kyivska, Lutescens 171-180-13, Lutescens 153-13 (Sonata), Lutescens 161-170-13, Erythrospermum 39 -13, Myroliubna, Lutescens 197-13, Lutescens 188-13, Lutescens 240-13, Obriy, Lutescens 228-13, Erythrospermum 255-14, Lutescens 190-13.The best varieties and lines of 2017 to the level of yield (9.09-8.13 t / ha, respectively, the standard of 7.26 t / ha) and valuable economic characteristics revealed: Kesariya Poliska, Erythrospermum 39-13, Polisyanka, Rusiava, Erythrospermum 242-13, Shchedrivka Kyivska, Erythrospermum 307-13, Erythrospermum 278-13, Lutescens 188-13, Prestizhna, Lutescens 231-13, Spivanka Poliska , Merezhka-Dovira, Alborbrum 267-15 (20-79), Erythrospermum 271-13.It should be noted, that the 10 ranks of the best varieties and lines included Lutescens 188-13, yield 8.46 t / ha, rank 1; Erythrospermum 242-13, productivity of 8,45 t / hectare, rank 2; Merezhka (Dovira), yield 8.29 t / ha, rank 3; Lutescence 101-13, yield 8.15 t / ha, rank 4; Polisyanka, yield 8.15 t / ha, rank 4; Spivanka Poliska, yield 8.15 t / ha, rank 4; Myroliubna, yield 8.11 t / ha, rank 5; Erythrospermum 185-13, yield 7.75 t / ha, rank 7; Erythrospermum 176-13, yield 7.69 t / ha, rank 9; Erythrospermum 279-13, yield 7.65 t / ha, rank 10, which were studied for two years, and Obriy, yield 7.84 t / ha, rank 6; Kesariya Poliska, yield 7.71 t / ha, rank 8, which were studied for four years.It was found, that weather conditions differed not only in the level of winter hardiness, but also in abnormal processes, that affected winter hardiness. 2014 year was very wet. 2016 at the beginning of sowing - dry, and only after October 29 with the improvement of the situation for wet supply. Respectively 2015 and 2017 - dry years, the last with spring frosts.It was found, that the variety Kraievyd had the best yields in wetter 2014 and 2016 years. Winter wheat Kesariya Poliska responded well to wet 2014 and more drought-resistant 2015 and 2017. However, the autumn drought of 2016 did not allow the variety to give high yields. For the new promising lines Lutescens 161-170-13, Lutescens 197-13, Lutescens 190-13, Lutescens 171-180-13 for the formation of high yields were favorable 2014, 2015, 2016, while the spring frosts of 2017 were more damaged flag leaf, which led to partial yellowing of the leaves and reduced the yield of these lines.Selected varieties Merezhka (Dovira), Polisyanka, Spivanka Poliska, Myroliubna, Kraevyd, Kesariya Poliska, Shchedrivka Kyivska, Vodogray, Pamiati Hirka, Benefit with a high level of yield and good adaptability to growing conditions, we recommend farms of all new forms of ownership, and sources lines - to use in selection work to create new varieties.