bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
-c- Influence of irrigation and phosphorus on growth, green pod yield and nutrient uptake of pea (Pisum sativum) in Lahaul Valley of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Y.P. DUBEYI  , B.P. KAISTHA  , R.C. JAGGV
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of irrigation and phospho- rus levels on pea (Pisum sativum L. 4.) at Kukumseri in Lahaul Valley of Himachal Pradesh, during summer of 1993 and 1994. The individual as well as cumulative response of irrigation and P was found significant. Phosphorus @ 80, 40 and 0 kg P,Odha in different irrigation and P level combinations gave maximum green-pod yields at 4, 8 and 12 days interval of irrigation respectively.
Agronomic manipulations of seed and fertilizers in potato (Solanum tuberosum) crop grown in acidic soils of Meghalaya
Authors: KAMLA SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field trial was conducted during summer season (March-July) of 1992-94 at Upper Shillong to find out suitable and economical combinations of seed rates and fertility levels. Significant increase in tuber yield was recorded up to medium fertility levels (100 : 120 : 50). Further increase in fertility level (150 : 180 : 75) gave only 5.2% more tuber yield. Significant increase in tuber yield was obtained up to 30 q seedlha. Seed rate increased up to 35 qlha gave only 3.8% more yield. The inverse relationship was observed between seed rates and multiplication rate. Increase in seed rates decreased the multiplication rate. It was 10.4, 8.5, 7.4, 6.5 and 5.8 times with seed rate of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 qlha respectively. The production of large (> 80 g) and medium (20-80 g) size tubers was significantly increased up to medium fertility level where as seed rate had significant impact only on the production of medium size tubers. The highest tuber yield (221.8 qlha) was obtained when 35 q seedlha was grown at higher (150 : 180 : 75) fertility level and gave tuber production in the ration of 25 : 58 : 17 of large, medium and small size tubers respectively. But higher net return was obtained when 25 q seedlha was supplemented with medium (100 : 120 : 50) fertility level.
Comparative performance of oleiferous Brassica species in intercropping with potato (Solanum tuberosum), staggered sowing and fertility levels
Authors: D; S. RANA  , GANGA SARAN
Published: December 2023

In a field experiment during 1995-96 and 1996-97 at New Delhi, three oleiferous brassicas were grown in 3:l replacement series with potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) i.e. every fourth row of potato was replaced eitherwith Brassica juncea L. or 5. carinata A. Braun or 5. napus L., to compare their performance under staggered sowing and combination of nitrogen and sulphur. Brassica carinata consistently recorded the maximum plant-height (232 cm), number of primary (1 1.2) and secondary branches (35.5)/plant, siliquaelplant (613) and seed yield (16.24 qlha), whereas, siliquae length (7.13 cm) and seedslsiliqua (24.71) were maximum in Brassica napus and 1000-seed weight (4.5 g) in Brassica juncea. Mean seed yield recovery(%) in the intercropped stand was --. 42.6% in Brassica juncea, 60.3% in Brassica carinata and 52.1% in Brassica napus of the respective mean seed yield recorded under sole stand. Delayed sowing resulted in reduced growth and yield attributes and seed ,yield. Except siliquaelplant and seed yield (1 996-97) of Brassica carinata, these species did not respond to N beyond 75 kglha. Application of N + S increased most of the parameters over N alone.
Income and employment generation for small and marginal farmers through integrated farming systems
Authors: U. K. BEHERA  , I. C. MAHAPATRA
Published: December 2023

Pond-based farming system research studies comprising enterprises like field and horticultural crops, fishery, poultry, duckery, apiary, mushroom, dairy and agroforestry were undertaken at Bhubaneshwar during 1992-94, with a view to generate income and employment opportunities for small and marginal farmers. Among the above mentioned enterprises, apiculture produced the highest return of Rs 7.941 rupee invested. Multilayer pisciculture stood next, fetching Rs 5.461 rupee invested. Among the crops, the best returns were obtained with multistoried cropping involving pumpkin, ridge gourd and poi as ground storey; pineapple, colocasia, ginger and turmeric as first storey; and coconut as second storey. Poultry, duckery and mushroom enterprises fetched low returns. The highest level of employment (180 man dayslyear) was achieved in mushroom cultivation. lntegrated farming system, comprising above enterprises generated net income of Rs 58,360 and employment for 573 man days, on a small piece of land (1.25 ha), ensuring high standard of living for small and marginal farmers.
Economic analysis of rice (Oryza sativa)-based cropping system for nngabhadra project area
Authors: V. P. NAGALIKAR  , R. A. SElTY  , A. S. CHANNABASAVANNA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the wet and dry seasons of 1990 to 1994 at Siruguppa, to find out the suitable crops after the harvest of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Among the sequences, rice-rice sequence recorded highest net return (Rs 33,699lha) followed by rice-sesame (Rs 29,436lha) and rice-wheat (Rs 26,5681 ha) sequence. Rice-sesame recorded the highest sustainable (0.81), benefit: cost ratio (2.89) and production efficiency (38.13), followed by rice-sunflower sequence. The study indicated that rice-sesame could be recommended as an alternative to rice-rice sequence.
Influence of different rice (Oryza sativa)-legume associations on the performance of succeeding crops of linseed (Linum usitatissimum) and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)
Authors: SANJOY SAHAI  , BIJAN K. MANDAL  , TAPAN K. JANA
Published: December 2023

In a field investigation during the dry seasons of 1991-93 two oilseed crops, namely, linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), were tested under a typical rainfed upland condition which were preceded by different rice-legume associations comprising greengram (Phaseolus radiatus L.), blackgram (P. mungo L.) and pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]. The total water (consumptive use) was recorded to be the highest with the plots which succeeded rice+blackgram intercropping system at a higher level of fertility during ., , 1991-92, but during 1992-93, the highest values of total water use were recorded - with the plots, where previously rice+ pigeonpea was practised at a higher level of fertility. Both the crops were found extracting greater percentage of moisture from the top 15 cm soil depth during both the years of experimentation. The total number of branchedplant, number of capsules/heads/plant and 1,000-seed weight of the crops were higher in the plots, where previously rice + blackgram intercropping system was adopted at a higher level of fertility, and the final seed yield of both the crops showed the same trend during both the years of experimentation.
Nutrient management in soybean (Giycine max)-mustard (Brassica juncea) crop sequence
Authors: RAKESH K. SHARMA  , U. K. SHRIVASATVA  , SURESH S. TOMAR  , P. N. TlWARl  , R. P. YADAV
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted at Morena during 1993-94 and 1994-95 to study the effect of organic and inorganic sources of plant nutrients on productivity, nutrient uptake and economics of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.1-mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj & Cosson] cropping sequence. Significantly higher seed yield of soybean was recorded with N,, (% B + % T) &,P (20 kg N applied as basal and rest 20 kg N top dressed at 30 DAS), whereas in mustard the yield was highest when N, (M + %) PBOK2, (20 kg N supplied through FYM and remaining 20 kg N through urea) was applied in soybean. The maximum mean total land productivity and net return were obtained from N,, (% + %) P,K,,. The uptake of NPK was maximum when soybean was fertilized with N,(% + Y2) P,&, whereas in mustard maximum uptake of NPK was recorded with N,, (% + %) P,, K,, was given to soybean crop in kharif.
Effect of intercropping potato (Solanum tuberosum) and linseed (Linum usitatissimum) on growth and yield attributes, yield, energetics and competition function
Authors: D.S. RANA  , GANGA SARAN  , K.S. RANA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) season (October-April) of 1993-95 at New Delhi, to assess the production potential, energetic and competition functions of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) planted in sole stand, additive and replacement series. Tuber yield of potato (28.6 Vha) and seed yield of linseed (1.76 Vha) were the highest in sole stand, while the total productivity in terms of tuber equivalent yield (31.3 Vha), energy output (97.8 x lo3MJlha), energy return (72.7 x lo3MJlha), LER (1.44) and net returns (Rs 12,800lha) were the highest when every fourth row of potato interspaced 60 cm was replaced with 3 rows of linseed interspaced 20 cm (180160 cm, 3 : 3 row ratio). Net returnlrupee investment was the highest in sole linseed (Rs 1.6) followed by 3 : 3 planting pattern (Re 0.70). The aggressivity values revealed dominance of linseed over potato, while the highest value of relative crowding coefficient (2.47 and 3.76 of potato and linseed respectively) and their product (9.30) in 3 :3 planting pattern.
Effect of fertigation on growth, yield and water use efficiency of chickpea (Cicerarietinum)
Authors: K.P. DEOLANKAR  , S.M. BERAD
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1994-97 at Rahuri to find out sultability of fallow drip system (system used after harvest of main crop of kharif) for irrigation and fertigation in chickpea (Cicer erietinum L.). A 75% of recommended fertilizer dose (18.75 : 37.50 : 18.75 kg N, P,O, &O/ha) in liquid form (75% RDLF) was found sufficient to sustain better growth and statistically equal grain and straw yield as that of 100% recommended fertilizer dose applied either solid or liquid form. This indicated 25% fertilizer saving with 11.07% increase in yield over N (urea) through drip treatment. Drip method of irrigation attributed significant increase in yield with 51.33% saving in water compared with surface method of irrigation.
Effect of plant population and nitrogen on yield attributes and yield of hybrid rice (Oryzasativa)
Authors: P. RAJARATHINAM  , P. BALASUBRAMANIYAN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1996-97 and 1997-98 at Madurai, Tamil Nadu, to study the response of hybrid (CORH 2) rice (Oryza sativa L.) to different plant populations (50, 33 and 25 hills/m2), seedlinglhill (single or double) and N levels (150,200 and 250 kg/ha) under lowland condition. The yield parameters were more with the population of 50 hills/m2. Planting of single seedlinglhill performed equal to that of 2 seedlingshill. Yield parameters and yield were higher with 200 and 150 kg N/ha. However, the treatment combination of 50 hills/m2 with single seedling/hill and application of 150 kg N/ha was found t economically feasible agronomic practice for rice hybrid CORH.2.
Weed management in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa) under rainfed, lowland situation
Authors: G. SINGH  , R.K. SINGH  , V.P. SINGH  , R. NAYAK  , R.S. SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during wet season of 1996 and 1997 to study the effect of various weed-management practices on yield, weed growth, and nitrogen uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.) and weeds in transplanted situation condition. Keeping the weed-free-up to 60 days after transplanting (DAT) and application of Anilofos 0.4 kg a.i.lha followed by hand-weeding at 40 DAT resulted in at par and significantly higher grain yield and nitrogen uptake over rest of the treatments. Among chemical weed-control methods, minimum weed density and dry weight were recorded with Anilofos 0.4 kg a.i.lha applied as pre-emergence supplemented with 1 hand-weeding at 40 DAT. Weedy check till maturity reduced the grain yield by 49% while minimum reduction was recorded with Anilofos 0.4 kg a.i.lha + 1 handlweeding at 40 DAT (4%) as compared to weed-free up to 60 DAT. Weedy check till maturity removed significantly highest nitrogen through weeds (12.97 kglha). Pre-emergence spray of Anilofos 0.4 kg a.i.lha + 1 hand-weeding at 40 DAT resulted in higher net income and benefit : cost ratio.
Response of pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum) varieties to different levels of nitrogen under late-sown rainfed conditions
Authors: P.K. SHARMA  , G.L. YADAV  , V.D. FAGERIA  , SUDESH KUMAR  , B.L. SHARMA
Published: December 2023

A field study was undertaken during kharif (rainy) season of 1992 and 1994 at Durgapura, to optimize the dose of nitrogen and evaluate suitable variety for late- sown, rainfed situations of semi-arid conditions of eastern Rajasthan. The crop was sown on 1 and 2 August during 1992 and 1994 respectively. Because of the good and well-distributed rainfall (456.5 mm and 378.2 mm) during the crop season up to mideeptember, all the varieties of pearlmillet matured successfully during 1992 and 1994. Pearlmillet HHB 60 outyielded other varieties and significantly increased the grain yield by 3.42, 5.19 and 7.96 qlha respectively over HHB 67, RHB 30 and Raj 171. Increasing levels of nitrogen from 30 to 90 kglha increased the grain yield of pearlmillet significantly. Application of 90 kg Nl ha increased the grain yield by 18.39 and 48.79% over 60 kg and 30 kg Nlha respectively.
Uptake and balance sheet of nitrogen and phosphorus in arietinum) as influenced by phosphorus, gram (Cicer biofertilizer and micronutrients under rainfed condition
Authors: S.K. SARAWGI  , P.K TIWAR  , R.S. TRIPATHI
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1995-96 and 1996-97 to study the effect of phosphorus, Rhizobium culture, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and micronutrients on uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus and their balance sheet in soil of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) crop in a rice (Oryza sativa L.) based cropping system under rainfed conditions. Uptake of N and P increased with the increasing levels of P and it was further increased with application of phosphate- solubilizing bacteria alone or in combination with rhizobium culture with each level of P. Use of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and rhizobium culture along with inorganic phosphorus fertilizers increased the grain yield and uptake of N and P. This also solubilized the native and applied phosphorus and reduced phosphorus fixation.
Effect of non-monetary inputs on sustained productivity of urdbean (Phaseolus mungo)
Authors: V. K SINGH  , N. P. SINGH  , B. B. SHARMA  , J. P. SAHU
Published: December 2023

A field experiement was conducted during rainy seasons of 1993-95 at Pantnagar, to assess the contribution of sowing time, vanety:method of sowing and time of weed removal on productivity of urdbean (Phaseolus mungo t.) and sustainability of treatments. Pooled seed yield reduced significantly due to late sowing, local variety, broadcast method of sowing and weed removal 6 weeks after sowing in comparison to the normal sowing, Pant U 35, line sowing and weed removal 3 weeks after sowing respectively. Maximum sustainability yield index J0.81) was recorded when Type 9 was sown late in rows in comparison to weed removal 3 weeks after sowing.
Productivity and economics of banana (Musa species AAA)- based crop sequences
Authors: P.K. RAY  , J.P. YADAV  , A. KUMAR
Published: December 2023

In a field experiment performance of 7 banana (Musa sp., AM)-based crop sequences was assessed in terms of their productivity, economic returns and impact on soil fertility. The crop, whose combinations constituted the sequences were banana, papaya (Carica papaya L.), pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.], wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.), maize (Zea mays L.), cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.), greengram (Phaseolus radiatus L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus). The sequence of banana PC (PC, plant crop) - papaya (2 crop cycles)-banana PC-banana R, (R,, first ratoon) gave the highest banana-equivalent yield (78.57 tonnedhdyear), net return (Rs 78.414lhdyear) as well as returnlrupee investment (Rs 1.991Re). Another sequence (banana PC-banana R,-lentil-pigeonpea-papaya 1 crop) where banana and papaya were seperated by growing pulses proved to be comparable with the best treatment with a return rate of Rs 1.88lrupee investment. The above 2 sequences did not show any adverse impact on soil- fertility status. Crop sequence without banana was least profitable. Banana monoculture for 4 crop cycles [banana PGbanana R,- banana R2 (R, second ratoon)-banana PC] showed yield decline in third and fourth cycles, registering a lower net return of Rs 1 .WRelyear.
Production potential of rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triticurn aestivum) cropping system under different methods of crop establishment
Authors: P.L. SHIVRAN  , I.P.S. AHLAWAT  , D.R. SHIVRAN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at New Delhi during 1994-96 on sandy- loam soil analysing low in N and medium in availzble P, K and S. Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] receiving 80 kg P20$ha produced taller plants and more branchedplant than 40 kg P20$ha, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and no phosphorus. However, podslplant, seedslpod, 1,000-seed weight and yield of pigeonpea did not record marked increase beyond 40 kg P,O,/ha. Similarly, the growth (plant height, branching and leaf-area index) and yield attributes (poddplant, seeddpod and 1,000-seedweight) and yield of pigeonpea showed favourable response up to 30 kg Sha only. In wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend Fiori & Paol) grown after pigeonpea, the maximum values of growth (plant height and total tillerslm row length) and-yield attributes (productive tillerslm row length, seedslspike and 1,000-seedlweight) and yield of wheat were recorded with 80 kg P20,, and 60 kg Sha applied to pigeonpea crop. The highest net return from the cropping system was obtained when pigeonpea was fertilized with 80 kg P20, and 60 kg S/ha and wheat was grown on residual - fertility. Key words : Pigeonpea, Wheat, Phosphorus, Sulphur
Yield performance and complementarity of rice (Oryza sativa) with greengram (Phaseolus radiatus), blackgram (Phaseolus mungo) and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) under different rice-legume associations
Authors: BIJAN K. MANDAL  , SANJOY SAHAI  , TAPAN K. JANA
Published: December 2023

In a field investigation during the wet season of 1991 and 1992, the performance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) with associated legumes, viz. greengram (Phaseolus radiatus (L.) Millsp.], blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.) and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) was studied under different inter- and mixed cropping systems. In rice, the number of effective tillers/m2, number of filled grainstpanicle, 1,000-grain weight and grain yield increased when intercropped with greengram and blackgram and decreased when mixed cropping of rice + pigeonpea was practiced. In associated greengram, blackgram and pigeonpea, the total number of branchestplant, number of filled podsfplant, number of seeds/ pod, 1,000-seed weight and seed yield increased in different intercropping systems. The highest net returns and net returntrupee of investment were obtained from sole crop of pigeonpea. The relative crowding coefficient (RCC) and competitive ratio (CR) values were always greater than unity with all the intercropping systems. The land-equivalent ratio (LER) and monetary advantage (MA) were the highest with rice+greengram intercropping system at a higher level of fertility, whereas rice+pigeonpea intercropping system at a higher level of fertilityshowed the highest values of area-time equivalent ratio (ATER).
Production potential ofmaize (Zea mays) + potato (Solanum tuberosum) intercropping as influenced by fertilizer I and potato genotypes
Authors: G. JHA  , D.P. SlNGH  , R.B. THAKUR
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during 1993-94 and 1994-95 on intercropping of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties with Devki maize (Zea mays L.) to maximize the productivity of winter maize + potato-based intercropping system under various fertility levels. Maize intercropped with early potato (Kufri Chandramukhi) was more compatible and advantageous than other potato varieties. Various growth and yield attributes of winter maize were superior under sole cropping, followed by winter maize+ early potato. This combination recorded the highest maize-equivalent yield (1 78.96 qlha) and yield advantage (1 63%). Among the fertility levels, recommended NPK dose to maize + 50% recommended NPK dose to potato proved more economic than rest of the fertility levels in maize + potato intercropping system.
Chemical weed control in soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: V. K. JAIN  , Y. S. CHAUHAN  , M. K. BHARGAVA  , A. K. SHARMA
Published: December 2023

t A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 1995 and 1996 on alluvial soils of Agronomy Research Centre of College of Agriculture, Gwalior (M.P.). Pre-emergence application of alachlor and pendimethalin @ 1.50 kgtha were comparable with two hand-weedings (20 and 30 DAS) in reducing the weed density and weed biomass, and increasing the weed-control efficiency as well as number of podstplant and weight of pods. Pooled data showed that except the weed-free treatment, next in higher order was the treatment of two hand weedings, which gave maximum seed yield (12.45 qlha) , followed by alachlor @ 1.5 kglha. However, alachlor at 1.5 kglha was on a par with penedimethalin 1.5 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence and fluchloralin 1.5 kg a.i./ .ha as pre-plant application. 4 Key words : Soybean, Alachlor, Pendimethalin, Hand-weeding
Effect of integrated nutrient management techniques on yield attributes and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
Authors: A. JEYABAL  , SP. PALANIAPPAN  , S. CHELLIAH *
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during 1995-97 to develop integrated nutrient management package for sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), with.2 types of organic sources, viz. farmyard manure (FYM) and P-enriched FYM, inorganic nutrients and biofertilizers. lntegrated application of either FYM or P-enriched FYM combined with Azospirillum and phosphobacteria and borax spray in addition to recommended NPK alone gave the highest yield. On-farm experiment showed that integrated application gave 29% higher yield than recommended NPK. lntergrated nutrition using P-enriched FYM was found to be effective, considering the benefit : cost ratio. Highest benefit : cost ratio was obtained with integrated application of P-enriched FYM, inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizers compared to application of NPK alone.
Growth and yield of winter maize (Zea mays) as influenced by intercrops and nitrogen application
Authors: D.P. SINGH  , N.S. RANA  , R.P. SINGH
Published: December 2023

A study was undertaken by introducing lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) and . vegetable pea (Pisum sativum L.) as intercrops in winter maize (Zea mays L.) fertilized with 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg Ntha during winter season of 1992-93 and 1993-94, to study the growth and yield behaviour of maize. Inclusion of legumes (pea or lentil) as intercrops increased the dry-matter accumulation of maize + pea cropping system. The yield attributes, viz, length and girth of cob, number and weight of grainstcob, cobslplant and 1,000-grain weight, were also increased by intercropping of legumes. Further pea had an edge over lentil. Respective mean maize grain yields were 46.4, 54.3 and 53.5 qtha when maize was grown as sole and intercropped with pea or lentil. Maize responded to N application up to 200 kgtha in sole stand and up to 150 kg Nlha when intercropped with either of legumes. Mean maize equivalents were 47.3, 11 5.3 and 67.2 qtha under maize, maize + pea and maize + lentil intercropping respectively.
Integrated nutrient management in alley cropped maize (Zea mays)-groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) system with subabul (Leucaena leucocephala)
Authors: Y. B. PALLED  , B.K. DESAl  , A.S. PRABHAKA
Published: December 2023

An investigation conducted from 1990-91 to 1992-93 to study the response of subabul (Leucaena leucocephala) green manuring in alley cropped maize (Zea mays L.)-groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) system with alleys at 6 m distance having paired rows at 30 cm apart showed significant influence on yield of maize and groundnut. On an average, grain yield of maize and pod yield of groundnut with recommended dose of fertilizer and green-manuring were higher by 8.84% and 9.18% respectively over the recommended dose alone. The grain yield of maize at recommended dose of fertilizer alone was on a par with that of 75% N with green-manuring during the 3 years. The pod yield of groundnut differed significantly only during 1991-92. The pod yield at 50% recommended dose of fertilizer with green-manuring was on a par with that of recommended dose of fertilizer alone. On an average, organic nitrogen added from subabul to different treatments ranged from 35.01 kg to 41.37 kglha.
Effect of organics and inorganic fertility levels on productivity of rice (Oryza sativa) crop
Authors: D.K. DWlVEDl  , S.S. THAKUR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 1995 and 1996 at Pusa, Bihar, to study the effect of organics and inorganic fertility levels on the productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop. Green-manuring with prickly sesban or dhaincha [Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Pers.] gave significantly higher grain yield (47.70 and 40.40 qlha), followed by biogas-slurry (37.16 and 39.30 qlha) in 1995 and 1996 respectively over no organic manure (33.90 and 34.40 qlha) and rice-straw incorporation (34.74 and 35.64 qlha). Optimum fertility level (100, 60 and 40 kglha of N,P, and K) recorded significantly higher grain yield (43.25 and 44.38 qlha) than lower doses (75% NPK and 50% NPK) in both the years. In the second year, the interaction between organics and inorganics was found significant and saved 50 and 25% NPK in Sesbania cannabina green-manure and biogas-slurry treatments respectively. Significantly higher NPK and protein contents were recorded with application of dhaincha green-manure and biogas- slurry application, while due to inorganic fertility it was unaffected. Total nutrient uptake (NPK kglha) was significantly influenced with dhaincha green-manure, biogas-slurry and higher fertility application in both the years.
Response of late-sown wheat (Aticum aestivum) to irrigation schedules
Authors: R. THAKUR  , S.K. PAL  , M.K. SINGH  , U.N. VERMA  , R.R. UPASANI
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1995-97 on acidic sandy-loam soil at Ranchi, to find out the critical growth stages for irrigations as per availability of water for higher and profitable production of late- sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.). Wheat receiving 4 irrigations at crown-root-initiation, maximum tillering, boot and milk stages gave maximum grain (2,707 kg/ha) and straw (4,164 kglha) yields, with net return of Rs 1 1,855lha and net benefit of Rs 1.31 on each rupee investment. This treatment showed significant edge over all other irrigation schedules except the crop receiving 3 irrigations at maximum tillering, boot and milk stages (2,523 kg/ha grain yield, and Rs 10,474lha net return with 1.23 benefit : cost ratio). Among 2 irrigation schedules, wheat irrigated at maximum tillering and milk stages gave the maximum grain (2,011 kglha) and straw (2,823 kglha) yields, with net return of Rs 7,328tha and net benefit of Rs 0.92lrupee investment.
Competition functions, productivity and economics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum)-based intercropping system under rainfed conditions of Bihar plateau
Authors: R.K. SARKAR  , D. SHIT  , S. MAITRA AND
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabr) season of 1996-97 and 1997-98 at Deochanda Experiment Station, Hazaribagh, to study the productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)-based intercropping system with cereal, pulses and oilseeds in rainfed uplands of Bihar plateau. Intercropping of chickpea and safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.) in 1 : 1 row ratio proved most efficient system resulting in maximum chickpea-equivalent yield (12.76 qlha), gross (Rs 10, 846) and net (Rs 5, 346lha) monetary returns and benefit :cost ratio (1.97). The same treatment also accounted for higher land-equivalent ratio (1.12), area-time equivalent ratio (0.96), monetary advantage (Rs 1, 1621ha) and maximum product of crowding coefficient (K 1.84) with modest competition coefficient (0.31 : 0.68) which proved the most efficient. Chickpea sown with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in 1:2 row proportion proved to be inefficient intercropping system with minimum chickpea-equivalent yield (9.84 qha) and net monetary returns (Rs 2,7581ha).
Effect of manurial schedules on growth and yield of different cropping systems under rainfed alley system
Authors: R.L. ARYA  , K.P. NIRANJAN  , A. SlNGH  , J.B. SlNGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 1993-94 to 1995-96 at Jhansi, to study the different food-fodder cropping systems and manurial schedules under rainfed conditions. Significantly higher grain and stover yields of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] were obtained in sorghum + pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] intercropping system as compared with other intercropping systems. Sorghum + cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] intercropping gave significantly more green fodder and dry-matter yields and sorghum grain-equivalent yield than the other intercropping systems. Among the different manurial schedules, combined application of organic and inorganic sources of plant nutrients resulted in significantly higher grain and stover yields of sorghum, green fodder and dry-matter yields of fodder crops and sorghum grain-equivalent yield as compared to 100% through inorganic fertilizers application.
Effect of summer ploughing and in-situ moisture- conservation practices on growth and yield of rainfed pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum)
Authors: M.L. JAT  , R.C. GAUTAM
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season (kharit) of 1997 and 1998 with hybrid Pusa 322 pearlmillet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. emend. Stuntz]. The treatments comprised 3 summer ploughing (no summer ploughing, summer ploughing, summer ploughing t FYM t herbicidet insecticide) and 6 in- . situ moisture-conservation methods (uniform row sowing, paired row sowing, ridge and furrow sowing, organic mulch, kaolin spray and mulch t kaolin). Significant increase in growth and yield of pearlmillet was observed owing to , summer ploughing and the maximum grain yield was recorded under summer ploughing + FYM + herbicide t lnsectlclde (22.70 and 25.09 q/ha in 1997 and 1998 respectlvely), Straw mulch + kaolln spray was found on a par with straw mulch alone and kaolln spray alone for graln yleld durlng both the years. The Increase In graln yleld of pearlmillet owlng to straw mulch+ kaolln epray was 9.93 and 10,33 qlha over unlform row eowlng and 7.34 and 6,02 qlha over rldge and furrow eowlng In 1997 and 1998 respectlvely. Growth and yleld-attrlbutlng characters showed elmllar trend, The eoll-moleture depletion pattern was Influenced by summer ploughing and moleture-coneewatlon treatments only .during 1998, lrrespectlve of the treatment applled, maxlmum sol1 molsture was depleted from top 0-30 cm sol1 layer and the lowest belng from 60-90 cm sol1 layer.
Weed management in rainfed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and greengram (Phaseolus radiatus) under North-Western Agroclimatic Zone of Tamil Nadu
Authors: P. PARASURAMAN
Published: December 2023

In a 2-year field experiment an application of herbicide either pendimethalin or fluchloralin 3 days after sowing was found effective in controlling weeds and recorded lower weed population and dry matter of weed. Application of pendimethalin (1.5 or 2.0 litreslha) or fluchloralin (1.0 or 1.5 litreslha) at 3 days + 1 hand-weeding at 30 days caused significant reduction in weed population and weed dry metter and marked increase in crop yield and were comparable with hand-weeding twice at 15 and 30 days in rainfed cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] and greengram (Phaseolus radiatus L.). In places where labour availability - was not a problem hand-weeding twice at 15 and 30 days could fetch higher net returns in rainfed cowpea and greengram under North-Western Agroclimatic Zone of Tamil Nadu.
Cropweed competition in clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) under rainfed condition
Authors: R.B.S. BHADORIA  , P.C. JAlN  , SOBRAN SlNGH TOMAR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted on sandy-loam soil of Gwalior, during the rainy (kharif) season of 1992 and 1993, to study the cropweed competition in clusterbean or guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taubert] under rainfed condition. Amongst different weed-control treatments, weed-free plot had the maximum seed yield (19.1 qlha) and weed-control efficiency (79.3 %). Treatment weed free for 60, 45 and 30 days after sowing and interculture at 30 days after sowing were next in order. An unchecked weed growth in clusterbean caused 47% reduction in seed yield. In order to obtain higher seed yield of clusterbean the crop should be kept free from weeds for the first 30 days after sowing.
Integrated weed management in soybean (Glycine ma) under different moisture regimes and population densities
Authors: A. VEERAMANI  , A. PALCHAMY  , S.RAMASAMY  , G. RANGARAJU
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during summer and rainy seasons of 1994 at Coimbatore, to study the effects of weed-management methods with varying levels of plant densities under 2 irrigation moisture regimes on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Though the lowest moisture regime (0.40 IW : CPE) recorded better weed-control efficiency and decreased N uptake by weeds at harvest, the higher moisture regume (0.60 IW : CPE) enhanced the N uptake and crop dry- matter production. Weed-control efficiency was found higher at 666,000 plantst ha. Among the weed-management methods, alachlor 1.25 kglha + hand-weeding -- . 40 days after sowing recorded the highest weed-control efficiency and was as good as hand-weeding twice. An increase in yield of the crop as well as the net return was registered under higher moisture regime of 0.60 IW : CPE ratio. The - density of 444,000 plantstha markedly increased the yield in summer, whereas it was comparable with 666,000 plantstha during the rainy season.
Integrated weed management in winter onion (Allium cepa) under mid-hill conditions of north-western Himalayas
Authors: VED PRAKASH  , A.K. PANDEY  , R.D. SlNGH  , V.P. MAN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabr) season of 1996-97 and 1997-98 to study the effect of herbicides (fluchloralin, oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin and alachlor) alone and in combination with hand-weeding (45 days after transplanting) on weeds and onion (Allium cepa L.). Season-long crop-weed competition reduced the bulb yield by 81.2% compared to weed-free condition. All the weed-control treatments significantly reduced the population and dry weight of weeds and in turn increased the bulb yield significantly except oxyfluorfen 0.15 kglha compared to weedy check. Alachlor 2.0 kglha + hand-weeding 45 days after transplanting being at par with pendimethalin 1.5 kglha + hand-weeding at 45 days and weed-free proved to be the superior integrated weed-control approach to control weeds and increased the plant height, bulb diameter, bulb weight, weed-control efficiency. These treatments also registered higher additional net returns. But highest additional returnslrupee invested were obtained with alachlor 2.0 kglha. - Key words : Integrated weed management, Onion, Allium cepa, Herbicide, Yield
Production and economics of winter sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) summer vegetables cropping sequences under irrigated conditions of western Maharashtra
Authors: B.S. RASKAR  , P.G. BHOl
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) and summer seasons of 1995 96 to 1997 98 at Rahuri, to study the production potential and ecobomics of (rabq sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) MoenchJ summer vegetable croljping sequences under irrigated conditions. Sorghum okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.) sequence gave the significantly highest sorghum grain equivalent yield (260.8 ha) and net monetary retums (Rs 110,678lha) with 95 cm irrigation water during the rabi and summer seasons, followed by sorghum brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) (204.59 qlha and Rs 82,0451ha) with 102 cm irrigation water. Next in order was sorghum chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) and lowest was in sorghum clusterbean [Cymopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taubert]. The highest consumptive use was recorded in sorghum okra (125 cm) but maximum water use efficiency of 174 kglha cm was recorded in sorghum brinjal. The per day productivity (Rs 440ldaylha) and retums per unit of water used (Rs 1,094lha cm) and benefit :cost ratio (5.17) were maximum in sorgum okra sequence. Optimum level of irrigation (at 80 mm CPE to sorghum and 60 mm CPE to vegetable) recorded the maximum sorghum grain equivalent yield and net returns than suboptimum (at 125 mm CPE to sorghum and 90 mm CPE to vegetables). The per day productivity was 32 % higher in optimum irrigation than suboptimum irrigation (Rs 262ldaylha).
Effect of rice (Oryza culture, nitrogen and weed sativa) control on nitrogen competition between scented rice and weeds
Authors: SUBHAS CHANDER  , JITENDRA PANDEY
Published: December 2023

A field experiment having 2 nitrogen levels (60 and 120 kg/ha), 5 weed control treatments (weedy check, hand weeding, butachlor 1.0 kg/ha, anilofos 0.5 kg/ha and chlorimuron ethyl 0.012 kglha) and 2 rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultures (direct seeded and transplanted) was conducted at New Delhi during the rainy season of 1993 and 1994. Intensity of competition for nitrogen increased with advance in age of crop and weeds. Weeds divested the crop of 43.0 kg N/ha in 1993 and 42.6 kg/ha in 1994 at maturity. At this stage weed control facilitated higher N uptake by the crop. Uptake of N in hand weeding was 88.2 kg/ha in 1993 and ,I04.2 kg/ha in 1994, whereas it was only 57.6 kglha in 1993 and 54.1 kglha in 1994 in weedy check. Nitrogen uptake by crop at 120 kg Nlha was higher than at 60 kg N/ha in both the years. In transplanted rice culture, weed control treatments were found approximately 4 18 times more efficient in arresting the N drain. In butachlor and anilofos, the N drain was relatively lower than chlorimuron ethyl. Hand weeding was found more efficient in arresting N drain in both the cultures than herbicides.
Effect of zinc enriched organic wastes on dry matter production, yield and economics in rice (Oryza sativa) in Entisol of North Western Tamil Nadu
Authors: A.K. MANI  , P. DURAISAMY  , T. THILAGAVATHI  , P. PARASURAMAN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabr) seasons of 1997 and 1998 on a red loamy sand soil, to evaluate the effect of zinc enriched with organic wastes on dry matter production at different growth stages, yield and economics in rice (Oyza sativa L.). Zinc enriched pressmud was found to be the best, followed by zinc enriched with goat manure with net return of Rs 29,455 and Rs 24,033 respectively compared with least of Rs 19,250 in the control.
Effect of establishment methods, fertility levels and weed management practices on rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: SHIV MANGAL PRASAD  , S.S MISHRA  , S.J. SlNGH
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 1996 and 1997 to . study the performance of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) under different , establishment methods, fertility levels and weed management practices. Transplanting increased all the growth and yield attributes of rice significantly over dry seeding and puddled sowing of sprouted seeds and recorded the highest grain and straw yields, net monetary return and benefit :cost ratio. Puddle sowing of sprouted seeds was superior to dry seeding in respect of all growth and yield attributing characters, yield, net monetary return and benefit : cost ratio. Application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer was most beneficial with maximum yield, monetary return and benefit : cost ratio. Among different weed control methods, hand weeding was the best in respect of aforesaid parameters.
Efficacy of new herbicides against grass weeds in wheat (Triticum aestivum) under mid hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: J.P. SAlNi  , K.P. SlNGH
Published: December 2023

A.field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabr) seasons of 1997 98 and 1998 99 at Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur. Clodinafop propargyl 0.1 5 kglha being at par with diclofop methyl 0.80 kglha, produced significantly lower weed dry weight and higher number of effective tillerslm row, grainslspike and 1,000 grain weight and hence significantly higher grain yield. Clodinafop propargyl 0.10 kglha, tralkoxydim 0.40 kglha and phenoxaprop p ethyl 0.10 kglha were also effective in reducing the weed population and dry weight and in increasing yield attributes and grain yield significantly over the remaining treatments. Mdtribuzin 0.25 kglha though controlled all the grassy and broad leaf weeds effectively, caused higher toxicity to the crop particularly during the first year and resulted in the lower values of yield attributes and the grain yield. Sulfosulfuron did not control grass weeds effectively and hence resulted in the lowest yield compared with all the other weed control treatments
I Effect of nitrogen and plant population on yield and quality of super sweet corn (Zea mays)
Authors: V. RAJ
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted under aegis of All India Co ordinated Maize Improvement Project, at Maize Research Station, Amberpet, Hyderabad, to study the effect of nitrogen levels and plant populations on the yield and quality of super sweet corn (Zea mays L.) vat. Madhuri . Increment in nitrogen levels (0 120 kg (Nlha) sigSlificantly increased the number of primes, yield attributes, green ear and kernel yield and decreased the number of non primes. Raising of plant population (53,333 to 88,888 plantslha) increased the number of primes, non primes, green ear and kernel yield and decreased the yield attributes. Kernel quality was significantly affected by nitrogen levels, while population densities did not alter its quality.
Effect of integrated nitrogen management practices on the growth and yield of rainfed winter maize (Zea mays)
Authors: N. VADIVEL  , P. SUBBIAN  , A. VELAYUTHAM
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons (rabr) of 1995 96 and 199 97 at Coimbatore, to study the effect of different organic N sources and Azospirillum along with 4 levels of nitrogen on the growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) under rainfed condition. The results revealed that application of enriched farmyard manure 750 kglha significantly increased the growth and yield attributes, N uptake and grain yield of maize in both the years. Nitrogen levels were also significantly influenced the crop growth and yield favourably. Application of 60 kg Nlha gave the maximum grain yield in both the years.
Effect of nitrogen and farmyard manure application on maize (Zea mays) varieties
Authors: PURSUSHOTTAM KUMAR  , U.K. PURI
Published: December 2023

, A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 1996 and 1997 at Salooni, Himanchal Pradesh, to study the response of 3 maize (Zea mays L.) varieties to nitrogen and farmyard manure (FYM) application under rainfed condition. Among the varieties, Salooni Local recorded the highest plant height, cob length, grainslcob and 100 grain weight, resulting in higher grain and stover yields. Application of 90 kg N and 15 tonnes FYMIha resulted in the maximum plant height, cob length, grainslcob, grain weight, harvest index and thereby higher yields. Maximum agronomic efficiency was recorded with application of 45 kg N and 15 tonnes FYMIha. Key words: Maize, N, FYM, Rainfed
Moisture extraction pattern, phasic water use and phasic growth in groundnut(Arachis hypogaea) under varying moisture regime and groundwater table condition
Authors: J.M.L. GULAT  , D. LENKA  , J.C. PAUL
Published: December 2023

An experiment conducted during summer 1992 and 1993 with groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) on moisture extraction pattern, phasic water use and growth at Chiplima showed that moisture extraction increased with lowering of groundwater table. On an average, crop extracted 18.6 cm water from 60 cm profile under 50 i 10 cm water table depth which increased to 25.2 cm and 26.7 cm at 90 i i 10 and 110 10 cm water table depth respectively. Extraction was the maximum (9.12 cm) at surface layer of 0 15 cm which accounted for 39.9% of the total extraction. It reduced to 7.31 cm (31.6%), 4.53 cm (1 8.7%) and 2.54 cm (9.8%) with increase in profile depth by 15 cm up to 60 cm profile respectively. Groundnut used the maximum water of 3.1 1 cmtday, with maximum growth in terms of crop growth rate (1 0.18 g/m2/day) and net assimilation rate (3.31 g/m2/d) during 56 90 days of its growth. Water use showed significant positive correlation with pod yield at lowest water table depth, r value of 0.994 being the maximum.
Effect of some new post emergence herbicides on weed parameters and seed yield of soybean (Glycine ma.)
Authors: A.S. CHANDEL  , S.C. SAXENA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 1996 and 1997 at Crop Research Centre, Pantnagar, on silt loam soil to study the effect of post emergence herbicides and their rates on the weed parameters and seed yield of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Plant height, number of trifoliates, dry matter1 plant, yield attributes and seed yield of soybean, weed dry matter and weed density were significantly affected by herbicides. Highest seed yield and seed production efficiency were obtained under 2 hand weedings at 30 and 45 days after sowing and with anilophos 1.75 kg ailha, propaquizafop 75 g ailha and imazethapyr 100 g ailha, respectively, during 1996 and 1997.
Effect of concentrated organic manure, nitrogen and sulphur on the productivity and economics of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
Authors: C.N. CHOUDHARY  , U.P. SlNHA
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during the spring season of 1995 96 and 1996 97 on sandy loam soil of Pusa, to study the effects of different levels of concentrated organic manure, nitrogen and sulphur on growth, yield and economics of sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum L. ). Concentrated organic manure and N fertilization significantly influenced growth parameters and yield attributes, and crop responded up to 20 q organic manure, 150 kg Nlha, respectively, for cane yield and net profit. Integration of concentrated organic manure N further induced significant increase in cane yield and net profit over thelr individual application. Concentrated organic manure 20 q with 150 kg Nlha resulted in significantly higher cane yield and net profit over 200 kg Nlha alone. Sulphur fertilization did not cause significant variation in cane yield, though there was improvement in sucrose (%) in juice, but it was reduced by increase in N levels.