bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Projected Changes in Future Extreme Precipitation over the Northeast United States in the NA-CORDEX Ensemble
Authors: Nazarian Robert H. , Vizzard James V. , Agostino Carissa P. , Lutsko Nicholas J.
Published: September 2022

The northeastern United States (NEUS) is a densely populated region with a number of major cities along the climatological storm track. Despite its economic and social importance, as well as the area’s vulnerability to flooding, there is significant uncertainty around future trends in extreme precipitation over the region. Here, we undertake a regional study of the projected changes in extreme precipitation over the NEUS through the end of the twenty-first century using an ensemble of high-resolution, dynamically downscaled simulations from the North American Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (NA-CORDEX) project. We find that extreme precipitation increases throughout the region, with the largest changes in coastal regions and smaller changes inland. These increases are seen throughout the year, although the smallest changes in extreme precipitation are seen in the summer, in contrast to earlier studies. The frequency of heavy precipitation also increases such that there are relatively fewer days with moderate precipitation and relatively more days with either no or strong precipitation. Averaged over the region, extreme precipitation increases by +3%–5% °C−1 of local warming, with the largest fractional increases in southern and inland regions and occurring during the winter and spring seasons. This is lower than the +7% °C−1 rate expected from thermodynamic considerations alone and suggests that dynamical changes damp the increases in extreme precipitation. These changes are qualitatively robust across ensemble members, although there is notable intermodel spread associated with models’ climate sensitivity and with changes in mean precipitation. Together, the NA-CORDEX simulations suggest that this densely populated region may require significant adaptation strategies to cope with the increase in extreme precipitation expected at the end of the next century.

Significance Statement

Observations show that the northeastern United States has already experienced increases in extreme precipitation, and prior modeling studies suggest that this trend is expected to continue through the end of the century. Using high-resolution climate model simulations, we find that coastal regions will experience large increases in extreme precipitation (+6.0–7.5 mm day−1), although there is significant intermodel spread in the trends’ spatial distribution and in their seasonality. Regionally averaged, extreme precipitation will increase at a rate of ∼2% decade−1. Our results also suggest that the frequency of extreme precipitation will increase, with the strongest storms doubling in frequency per degree of warming. These results, taken with earlier studies, provide guidance to aid in resiliency preparation and planning by regional stakeholders.
Importance of Diabatic Heating for the Eastward-Moving Heavy Rainfall Events along the Yangtze River, China
Authors: Zhao Yang , Park Chanil , Son Seok-Woo
Published: September 2022

This study highlights the importance of the diabatic process in the heavy rainfall events (HREs) that are initiated on the eastern slope of the Tibetan Plateau and move to the lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin. These HREs, which cause significant socioeconomic losses in the Yangtze River basin, are typically maintained for 3 days. They develop when a large amount of moisture converges on the eastern slope of the Tibetan Plateau. By solving the quasigeostrophic (QG) omega equation, it is revealed that the vertical motion of HREs is organized by both dynamic and diabatic forcings, with the latter being dominant. The stationary boundary forcing on the eastern slope of the Tibetan Plateau also contributes to the initial organization of the HREs. While the dynamic vertical motion does not change much and the boundary forcing becomes negligible after the initial organization, diabatic vertical motion becomes more dominant in QG vertical motion (∼80%) as HREs develop and move downstream. The potential vorticity (PV) tendency budget analysis reveals that the development and eastward movement of the HRE-related surface cyclone is primarily associated with diabatic PV production to the east of the cyclone where a large amount of moisture converges. This result implies that the long-traveling HREs along the Yangtze River basin are highly self-maintaining in nature.
The Mean Kinematic Structure of the Tropical Cyclone Boundary Layer and Its Relationship to Intensity Change
Authors: Zhang Jun A. , Rogers Robert F. , Reasor Paul D. , Gamache John
Published: September 2022

This study investigates the relationship between the azimuthally averaged kinematic structure of the tropical cyclone boundary layer (TCBL) and storm intensity, intensity change, and vortex structure above the BL. These relationships are explored using composites of airborne Doppler radar vertical profiles, which have a higher vertical resolution than typically used three-dimensional analyses and, therefore, better capture TCBL structure. Results show that the BL height, defined by the depth of the inflow layer, is greater in weak storms than in strong storms. The inflow layer outside the radius of maximum tangential wind speed (RMW) is deeper in intensifying storms than in nonintensifying storms at an early stage. The peak BL convergence inside the RMW is larger in intensifying storms than in nonintensifying storms. Updrafts originating from the TCBL are concentrated near the RMW for intensifying TCs, while updrafts span a large radial range outside the RMW for nonintensifying TCs. In terms of vortex structure above the BL, storms with a quickly decaying radial profile of tangential wind outside the RMW (“narrow” vortices) tend to have a deeper inflow layer outside the RMW, stronger inflow near the RMW, deeper and more concentrated strong updrafts close to the RMW, and weaker inflow in the outer core region than those with a slowly decaying tangential wind profile (“broad” vortices). The narrow TCs also tend to intensify faster than broad TCs, suggesting that a key relationship exists among vortex shape, the BL kinematic structure, and TC intensity change. This relationship is further explored by comparisons of absolute angular momentum budget terms for each vortex shape.
The Role of Systemic Immune Inflammation Index for Predicting Saphenous Vein Graft Disease in Patients with Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Dogdus Mustafa , Dindas Ferhat , Yenercag Mustafa , Yildirim Arafat , Ozcan Abacioglu Ozge , Kilic Salih , Yavuz Fethi , Koyun Emin , Candan Ozkan
Published: September 2022

As inflammation plays a significant role in the development of coronary artery disease, we hypothesized that there may be a relation between the systemic immune inflammation index (SII) and saphenous vein graft disease (SVGD). The study population consisted of 716 consecutive patients who underwent elective coronary angiography (CAG) >1 year after bypass grafting. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the extent of SVG patency. SII value was significantly higher in the SVGD(+) group compared with the SVGD(−) group ( P < .001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, SII ( P < .001, odds ratio (OR) = 3.27, 95% CI = 1.94–5.65) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ( P < .001, OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.59–3.11) were found to be independent predictors of SVGD. An SII value of >935 (x103/ml) has 89.2% sensitivity and 70.6% specificity for the prediction of the SVGD, and an NLR value of >4.15 has 54.6% sensitivity and 68.5% specificity for the prediction of the SVGD. The AUC of SII was found to be greater than the AUC of NLR ( P = .002), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) ( P = .009), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) ( P = .013), MPV ( P = .011), and C-reactive protein (CRP) ( P = .034) in predicting SVGD. In conclusion, we demonstrated that SII, which is among the new inflammation indexes, is a more reliable predictor in determining SVGD than the NLR, PLR, and LMR.
The Role of Government-run Insurance in Primary Health Care Utilization: A Cross-Sectional Study in Papua Region, Indonesia, in 2018
Authors: Laksono Agung Dwi , Nugraheni Wahyu Pudji , Ipa Mara , Rohmah Nikmatur , Wulandari Ratna Dwi
Published: September 2022

Health development in the Papua region often lags behind other areas of Indonesia. The study aims to analyze the role of government-run insurance in primary health care utilization in the Papua region, Indonesia. The study examined 17,879 Papuan. The study used primary health care utilization as an outcome variable and health insurance ownership as an exposure variable. The study also employed nine control variables: province, residence, age, gender, marital status, education, employment, wealth, and travel time to primary health care. The research employed data using binary logistic regression in the final analysis. The results show that Papuans with government-run insurance were three times more likely to utilize primary health care than uninsured Papuans (AOR 3.081; 95% CI 3.026–3.137). Meanwhile, Papuan with private-run insurance were 0.133 times less likely to utilize primary health care than uninsured Papuans (AOR 0.133; 95% CI 0.109–0.164). Moreover, Papuans who have two types of health insurances (government-run and private-run) were 1.5 times more likely to utilize the primary health care than uninsured Papuan (AOR 1.513; 95% CI 1.393–1.644). The study concluded that government-run insurance increases the chance of primary health care utilization in the Papua region, Indonesia. Government-run insurance has the most prominent role compared to other health insurance categories.
Risk factors for suicidal behavior: A Romanian mixed methods study
Authors: Vuscan Mihaela Elvira , Faludi Cristina , Buciuta Andrei , Vica Mihaela Laura , Balici Stefana , Siserman Costel Vasile , Coman Horia George , Matei Horea Vladi
Published: September 2022

Objectives:

This study had two purposes: to explore the main socio-demographic and medical characteristics of the psychiatric patients with a history of suicidal behavior, and to identify the main risk factors underlying the suicidal ideation and acts among psychiatric patients, in the light of two recent theories of suicidal behavior.

Methods:

The study is based on a mixed methodological design. During 2019 to 2021, 65 hospitalized psychiatric patients, who committed at least one non-lethal suicide attempt, were investigated using a questionnaire a scales for data collection. Medical records were used to gather data about certain socio-demographic characteristics and the health status of the respondents. Patients also participated in a narrative interview aimed at disclosing their subjective experiences about their past suicidal behavior.

Results:

The typical psychiatric patient with a history of suicidal behavior, as highlighted by the quantitative analysis, portraits a young old male from an urban environment, childless, educated, having experienced employment problems, being involved in religious activities. The clinical picture of the patient with suicidal antecedents included a moderate or severe level of depression, the presence of socio-emotional loneliness, the manifestation of frequent and long episodes of suicidal ideation, and the intention of committing suicide in order to stop the pain, whose acts resulted in minor injuries. Findings from the qualitative data revealed four major risk factors for the non-lethal suicidal attempts: family disruptions and social problems; economic burdens; a mixture of psychiatric pathologies; and, to a lesser extent, somatic pathologies.

Conclusion:

This study is the first to explore the triggers of suicide acts conducted in a clinical environment in the Balkan region. Implications of the pandemic are also discussed. The findings are useful for designing prevention strategies based on individual psychotherapy and therapeutic or support groups, addressing the main risk factors behind the suicidal ideation and gestures.
From Free to Paid: Monetizing a Non-Advertising-Based App
Authors: Cao Jingcun , Chintagunta Pradeep , Li Shibo
Published: September 2022

Non-advertising-based mobile apps face several critical challenges when trying to monetize their free services—among them, the choice of pricing strategies (hard landing vs. soft landing; i.e., a “pay or churn” paywall vs. continuing to offer limited free services to existing users after monetization) and aspects of product design (whether to provide exclusive secondary offerings to paying users). The authors implemented a large-scale randomized field experiment with an app firm to test the causal effects of such pricing and product design strategies. Results show that both soft landing and exclusive secondary offerings decrease existing app users’ willingness to subscribe, but there is a positive interaction between these two strategies on subscriptions. The authors propose a theoretical framework, discuss potential mechanisms that might be at play, and conduct robustness checks to rule out several alternative explanations. A customer survey by the firm and an experiment on Prolific provide further support for the theoretical mechanism. To assess generalizability, the authors conducted a second field experiment and obtained consistent results. They also report the results from the actual implementation of the best-performing strategy by the firm. This research provides guidance on possible theoretical underpinnings of users’ responses and important managerial implications for app monetization.
Why Informal Support Fails for Siblings Bereaved by a Drug-Related Death: A Qualitative and Interactional Perspective
Authors: Dyregrov Kari , Titlestad Kristine B. , Selseng Lillian B.
Published: September 2022

Drug-related deaths constitute a significant challenge that strongly impacts the lives of the bereaved and the risks of mental and social problems are well-documented. This paper is the first one to explore how bereaved siblings experience informal support after drug-related deaths. Reflexive thematic analysis is used to analyze ten semi-structured interviews with bereaved siblings. Three main themes were identified: (1) valued support elaborates on the range of desired support and content of the support received; (2) barriers to support were connected to complex family relations, different grief reactions, and stigma, shame, and devaluation; (3) ways to promote support focus on openness and mutual closeness. The discussion revolves around the ‘strong’ sibling role, complex family relations, stigma, protective silence, and disenfranchised grief. Interactional aspects involved in social support and the importance of addressing this in clinical practice, to utilize the vital support potential for the bereaved experiencing drug-related death, are discussed.
Introduction: The Structural Power of Finance Meets Financialization
Authors: Dafe Florence , Hager Sandy Brian , Naqvi Natalya , Wansleben Leon
Published: September 2022

How do we theorize and analyze the structural power of finance when global capitalism itself undergoes constant and profound structural transformation? The literature continues to assume that the source of financial structural power is its unique ability to provide credit to the real economy, playing a crucial role in meeting the investment imperative. But recent research documents that most financial market activities no longer facilitate productive investment and can even be a drag on economic development. If the financial sector's primary role is not to support productive investments, then on what basis does it continue to hold structural power? The contributions to this special issue engage with how decades of financialization have transformed the basis of structural power toward alternative functions that have gone unnoticed in the existing literature. These include household and real estate lending that fuels consumption-led growth, concentration and expansion of financial institutions as tools of geo-economic strategy, financing current account deficits that facilitate global imbalances, and wealth preservation that bolsters inequality.
Financialized Growth and the Structural Power of Finance: Turkey's Debt-Led Growth Regime and Policy Response after the Crisis
Authors: Zayim Ayca
Published: September 2022

This article analyzes the Turkish central bank's “managed uncertainty” policy after the global financial crisis. During 2010–14, the central bank intentionally generated uncertainty around short-term interest rates, using the level of predictability faced by financiers as a tool to buffer the domestic economy from volatile capital flows. How did the central bank implement this unconventional policy? Building on interview data and public texts, the article argues that the surge in capital inflows after the crisis sourced a debt-led, financialized economic growth model and deepened Turkey's reliance on external financing. The central bank could diverge from the financial sector's policy preferences despite Turkey's increased foreign capital dependence because the availability of low-cost, ample, private funding opportunities temporarily expanded policymakers’ room to maneuver. However, operating vis-à-vis an unsustainable growth regime, the central bank had to revert to orthodoxy in 2014 due to declining investor confidence and capital flight. This article contributes to the literature on the structural power of finance by demonstrating how finance derives its structural power from funding financialized growth, not productive investments. It also shows that financial structural power varies based on the source and cost of external financing beyond the degree of foreign capital dependence.
COVID-19 and sustainability in textile, apparel and fashion use: An assessment of trends
Authors: Leal Filho Walter , Dinis Maria Alzira Pimenta , do Paço Arminda , Herédia-Colaço Vera , Veiga Avila Lucas , Dennis Karen , Tyler David , Neiva Samara , Liakh Olena
Published: September 2022

Apart from the many social and health problems it has caused, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a severe impact on most sectors of the economy worldwide. One of the areas where such impact is noticeable is the textile, apparel, and fashion (TAF) industry. The lockdowns and limited access to retailer outlets resulted in a considerable drop in consumption, creating problems related to the excess of stock, the decrease of sales, and the disposal of non-used items. This paper outlines the implications of the COVID-19 on the TAF sectors and European retailers. It analyzes how the current supply chains exacerbated stock control problems, and it reports on the changes in consumption during the pandemic. The worldwide restrictive measures implemented to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic were responsible for significant profit losses. Also, the decrease in consumption, caused by several geographically wide lockdowns, prompted a subsequent reduction in orders and sales, resulting in a significant number of constraints. The implementation of more environmentally friendly processes, including sustainable circularity as a competitiveness source to keep the TAF sectors in the loop and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, may help address the problems associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in the sustainability context, as reported in this paper.
Brain signal changes of the amygdala cortex according to the physical performance of fabric
Authors: Yuan Jie , Wang Qicai , Shang Shanshan , Lei Yutian , Lou Lin
Published: September 2022

The physical properties of fabric causing an uncomfortable tactile perception under certain clothing pressure has always been a difficult problem in the field of fabric comfort research. According to a large number of works in the literature, the amygdala was recognized as the key brain region for negative perceived emotions. In order to investigate the fabric factors causing the signal changes in the amygdala brain region, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to monitor the amygdala brain region and its anatomical sub-brain region under the same degree of compression stimulation from several different corsets, and the percent signal changes (PSCs) were extracted and analyzed. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the PSCs of the centromedial group of the amygdala and the average dynamic friction coefficient (MIU) of the fabric at the level of 0.05, and a general linear model was established ( R2 = 0.998, p = 0.019). These results indicated that the surface friction properties of the fabric successfully attracted the attention of the central amygdala, and the attention increased linearly with the increase of MIU. This finding not only laid a foundation for exploring the brain perception mechanism of fabric discomfort, but also provides a possibility for further quantification of fabric discomfort perception by using the amygdala brain region.
Calculation method of hosiery knitting parameters based on three-dimensional mesh sampling
Authors: Ruan Chonghao , Ru Xin , Peng Laihu , Hu Xudong
Published: September 2022

Custom socks, such as medical compression socks and hiking socks, are precisely designed and knitted according to the user's foot shape. However, developing styles of custom socks with commercial computer-aided design software requires workers to manually calculate the knitting parameters, and repeatedly adjust the knitting parameters through sample-making to meet the design requirements. We present a method to optimize the manual calculation and adjustment process of knitting parameters by using graphics technology. Our method converts a sock mesh model created by conventional modeling software into knitting parameters. Hosiery machines are able to knit socks with the same dimensions as the mesh based on the output parameters. Specifically, given user-defined top and toe markers on an input mesh, our system runs a sampling procedure over this mesh to gradually generate a knitting path that contains shape and dimension features of the mesh, and transforms the knitting path into knitting parameters for machine knitting. We demonstrated the feasibility of our method by knitting on a computerized hosiery machine. Filling the knitted socks with a soft foam model, we found that the knitted socks fit roughly well with the mesh surface, and the dimensional gap between the input mesh and the knitted socks (relaxed state) in several positions was below 4.90%.
Effect of NiTi parameters on the mechanical properties of integrated braided stents
Authors: Liu Xiaofeng , Tao Hui , Li Chaojing , Lin Jing , Guan Guoping , Wang Fujun , Wang Lu
Published: September 2022

Stent insertion can serve as an effective therapy method for patients with esophageal stricture but stents with inappropriate mechanical properties lead to restenosis. To prepare a stent matching the esophageal environmental mechanics, both the NiTi spring yarn and polyester multifilament were used to produce seven kinds of stents by braiding technology. The mechanical properties of the stents were tested including compression, flexibility, and antimigration behavior. Results showed that three different parameters including spring consistency with tracks, spring content, and spring pitch altered the effective number of coils and elastic modulus, and affected the compression strength, flexibility and migration resistance of the stent. In particular, the integrated braided stent with full consistency, 12 NiTi spiral yarns, and spring pitch of 1.00 mm had the best mechanical properties among all the prototypes in this research. The compression strength, bending strength, and migration resistance were 1048.75 cN, 46.35 cN, and 3.74 N, respectively. In summary, this research presents a new preparation method for esophageal stent manufacture in the treatment of inoperable esophageal malignancies.
Construction of dense plasmonic hotspots on coarse Ag layer coated nylon fibers for ultrasensitive SERS sensing
Authors: Wu Fan , Li Minghao , Liu Tong , Cheng Lin , Gu Tongkai , Fan Wei
Published: September 2022

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering is a powerful sensing tool effectively and rapidly to detect chemicals in environmental monitoring and food safety. Textile fiber-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates have been fabricated to contribute to the practical applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensing. Inspired by the metallic nanostructures with dense plasmonic hotspots which have excellent surface-enhanced Raman scattering activity, coarse silver layer coated nylon fibers are used in this study to combine with gold nanoparticles by a simple immersion method forming enriched plasmonic hotspots on textile fibers for ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection. The fiber-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate denoted as gold nanoparticle@silver layer coated nylon fiber shows a high sensitivity to rhodamine 6G with an excellent enhancement factor of 2.41 × 1010 and a detection limit of 10−14 M. The finite-difference time-domain simulations indicate that ultra-high sensitivity arises from the enhanced electric fields densely formed in the inter-particle and particle-film gap in the twisted gold nanoparticle@silver layer coated nylon fiber structure. In addition, the gold nanoparticle@silver layer coated nylon fiber substrate demonstrates outstanding surface-enhanced Raman scattering signal reproducibility (relative standard deviation 6.14%) as well as application flexibility. Through a simple swab procedure, gold nanoparticle@silver layer coated nylon fibers absorb rhodamine 6G molecules on apple and the detection limit can reach 10−13 M. Our results allowed us to foresee the use of synthetic fibers enriched with plasmonic hotspots in ultrasensitive wearable sensors.
Evolution of interfacial formation and configuration control of bicomponent fiber during full spinning process
Authors: Liao He , Zhang Yang , Zhang Yumei , Du Mingyuan , Gan Xuehui , Zhang Yue
Published: September 2022

As a result of the limitation of bicomponent spinning in which it is difficult to obtain the interface evolution of the fiber forming process and guarantee performance stability, numerical simulation was carried out to investigate the effect of cooling, melt viscosity, and inlet flow rate on the interface throughout the process. The results showed that the position deviation of the interface only occurred inside the orifice and the interface distortion continued until after extrusion, with the maximum deformation occurring during extrusion swelling. Based on sufficient multifield data obtained from the simulation, it was demonstrated that the interfacial curvature was governed only by the viscosity difference between individual components, and the position of the interface was determined by the mechanical energy of the bicomponent melt. Moreover, the curvature and the position of the interface can be adjusted indirectly by changing the viscosity ratio, which can be regulated by the flow ratio, bringing guidance for the full process control of the bicomponent fiber preparation.
A Cross-sectional Study of Antecedents and Consequence of Panic Buying Behavior: The Moderating Effect of COVID-19 Rumors
Authors: Waseem Muhammad Adnan , Waqas Muhammad , Irfan Irfan , Abdullah Ibrahim , Wajid Nauman
Published: September 2022

The novel corona virus pandemic has influenced people buying behaviors. Due to the significant psychological and behavioral impact of COVID-19 on society, this study aimed to examine the determinants of panic buying behavior and a resultant psychological outcome in the form of a sense of security. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of COVID-19 caller ringback tone (CRT) experiences, that is, informational and stimulation experience, on the panic buying behavior and how rumors moderate this relationship. This research is quantitative and uses a purposive sampling method to collect the survey-based data from 264 respondents. The researchers analyzed the data using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results of data analysis indicated that the informational and stimulation experience of COVID-19 CRT had a significant influence on panic buying behavior which further resulted in a sense of security in public. This study could not find evidence of the moderating role of rumors in the relationship between COVID-19 CRT experiences and panic buying behavior. The findings highlight the role of the COVID-19 CRT in causing panic buying behavior and resultant psychological outcome and thus provide implications for policymakers on the control of panic buying under COVID-19.
Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Vinorelbine Alone and Combined with Cisplatin
Authors: Levêque Dominique , Jehl François , Quoix Elisabeth , Breillout Fabienne
Published: September 2022

Vinorelbine (NVB) is a new anticancer drug belonging to the vinca alkaloid family that shows activity as a single‐agent treatment in advanced non‐small cell Jung cancer (NSCLC). Preliminary results show a better response rate with a combination of cisplatin (CDDP) and NVB than with NVB alone. To assess whether this increased activity is secondary to a pharmacokinetic interaction, the authors compared the pharmacokinetic profiles of NVB alone and combined with CDDP in previously untreated inoperable NSCLC patients. Five patients received NVB (30 mg/m2) by short intravenous infusion, and four patients received CDDP (80 mg/m2) 1 hour after the NVB infusion (30 mg/m2). Serum NVB was assayed using a specific high‐performance liquid chromatography method. The mean serum concentrations in both groups were similar. In addition, the areas under the curve calculated from 1 hour (beginning of CDDP administration) to 72 hours were 414 ng · hour/mL (standard deviation [SD]: 94) (group NVB alone) and 407.1 ng · hour/mL (SD: 32.9) (group NVB + CDDP). In conclusion, the increased activity observed with the combination NVB + CDDP is not the result of a pharmacokinetic interaction.
Exercise Interventions During Hospitalization for Stem Cell Transplantation: An Integrative Review
Authors: Tlusty Gisele C. , Alonso Windy W. , Berger Ann M.
Published: September 2022

Exercise interventions may influence adverse effects experienced during hospitalization for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Adherence to exercise interventions is challenging. This review aimed to synthesize the literature to identify exercise interventions implemented during hospitalization for HSCT, including intervention characteristics, adherence, barriers and facilitators, and behavior change techniques using the behavior change technique taxonomy. A review of PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Embase was completed. The sample included 19 studies. Exercise interventions demonstrated heterogeneity in prescription components, definitions, measures, and reporting of adherence. Barriers and facilitators of adherence to exercise were reported infrequently. Behavior change techniques most frequently used in studies reporting adherence rates of ≥75% included instruction on how to perform the behavior, graded tasks, and adding objects to the environment. The heterogeneity in definitions and measures of adherence limit forming conclusions to identify barriers and facilitators and determine which behavior change techniques increase adherence to exercise during HSCT.
Cutoff for Benchmark Disability Using World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study from Rural South India
Authors: Ravindran Swati , Jadhav Prabhu , Philip Sharad , Basavarajappa Chethan , Kumar Channaveerachari Naveen , Thirthalli Jagadisha , Sivakumar Thanapal
Published: September 2022

Background:

India uses the Indian Disability Evaluation and Assessment Scale (IDEAS) for quantifying disability due to mental illness. The cutoff score for benchmark disability is 7. India has adopted International Classification of Functioning and Health (ICF) and thereby is a signatory to use World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS). Cutoff for benchmark disability in WHODAS in a community-based sample is lacking.

Methods:

The study was conducted in Jagaluru Taluk, Davanagere District, Karnataka. It is a part of an ongoing research funded by Indian Council of Medical Research. Frequency, percentages, mean, standard deviations, mode, median, Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve were used in analyzing the data.

Results:

The study included 184 persons with severe mental illness with mean age of 47 and average duration of illness (DOI) of 11 years. They had mild disability (5.99) in IDEAS. The corresponding cutoff score in WHODAS, as compared to IDEAS, when the influence of DOI is removed was 24.

Conclusions:

A shift from IDEAS to WHODAS is feasible. With the undue influence of DOI removed, both hospital and community-based samples show the score of 24 as cutoff.
Retrograde cerebral perfusion for intracardiac air embolism in Fontan procedure
Authors: Yoneyama Fumiya , Hickey Edward J , Tahay Edvin B , Caldarone Christopher A
Published: September 2022

We report the case of a 5-year-old boy who suffered from an intracardiac air influx with suspected cerebral air embolism during the Fontan procedure. We immediately transformed the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit to perform a retrograde cerebral perfusion, which resulted in successful neuroprotection. He was extubated in the operating room without any neurological defects.
‘You can’t feel what we feel’: Multifaceted dyspnoea invisibility in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease examined through interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Serresse Laure , Guerder Antoine , Dedonder Jonathan , Nion Nathalie , Lavault Sophie , Morélot-Panzini Capucine , Gonzalez-Bermejo Jésus , Benoit Laelia , Similowski Thomas
Published: September 2022

Background:

More than a symptom, dyspnoea is an existential experience shaping the lives of those afflicted, particularly when its persistence despite maximal pathophysiological treatments makes it pervasive. It is, however, insufficiently appreciated by concerned people themselves, family members, healthcare professionals and the public (dyspnoea invisibility), limiting access to appropriate care and support.

Aim:

To provide a better understanding of dyspnoea experiences and its invisibility.

Design:

Interpretative phenomenological analysis of data collected prospectively through in-depth semi-structured interviews.

Setting/Participants:

Pulmonary rehabilitation facility of a tertiary care university hospital; 11 people (six men, five women) with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (stages 3 and 4 of the 4-stage international GOLD classification) admitted for immediate post-exacerbation rehabilitation.

Results:

We identified several types of dyspnoea invisibility depending on temporality and interlocutors: (1) invisibility as a symptom to oneself; (2) invisibility as a symptom to others; (3) invisibility as an experience that cannot be shared; (4) invisibility as an experience detached from objective measurements; (5) invisibility as an experience that does not generate empathic concern. The notion of invisibility was present in all the identified experiential dimensions of dyspnoea. It was seen as worsening the burden of the disease and as self-aggravating through self-isolation and self-censorship.

Conclusions:

The study confirmed that dyspnoea invisibility is a reality for people with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It shows dyspnoea invisibility to be a multifaceted burden. Future research should aim at identifying individual and collective measures to overcome dyspnoea invisibility.
The importance of internal and external features in recognizing faces that vary in familiarity and race
Authors: Latif Menahal , Moulson Margaret C.
Published: September 2022

Familiar and unfamiliar faces are recognized in fundamentally different ways. One way in which recognition differs is in terms of the features that facilitate recognition: previous studies have shown that familiar face recognition depends more on internal facial features (i.e., eyes, nose and mouth), whereas unfamiliar face recognition depends more on external facial features (i.e., hair, ears and contour). However, very few studies have examined the recognition of faces that vary in both familiarity and race, and the reliance on different facial features, whilst also using faces that incorporate natural within-person variability. In the current study, we used an online version of the card sorting task to assess adults’ ( n = 258) recognition of faces that varied in familiarity and race when presented with either the whole face, internal features only, or external features only. Adults better recognized familiar faces than unfamiliar faces in both the whole face and the internal features only conditions, but not in the external features only condition. Reasons why adults did not show an own-race advantage in recognition are discussed.
The (un)making of electoral transparency through technology: The 2017 Kenyan presidential election controversy
Authors: Passanti Cecilia , Pommerolle Marie-Emmanuelle
Published: September 2022

Marked by the killing of a senior ICT professional working for the Electoral Commission and the invalidation of the presidential election by the Supreme Court, the 2017 Kenyan elections make for a good case through which to study how digital technologies shape contemporary electoral practice. This article examines the practice of electoral transparency through technology and argues that it can be conceived as a socio-technical device based both on distancing people from knowledge of the electoral infrastructure and on staging a simplified discourse on public access to the electoral infrastructure. Drawing on interviews with key actors in election technology implementation and ethnographic observations of public events around it, the article argues that digital technology has had three sets of implications for elections. First, it has shaped the electoral infrastructure and the nature of the final result (now a paper and digital hybrid). Second, it has shaped the distribution of knowledge among electoral professionals, giving a central role to ICT actors, objects, and knowledge in the definition of electoral transparency. Third, the centrality of ICTs in elections and the order of knowledge they bring are highly controversial and criticized by other electoral actors who demand for material proof for understanding the inner workings of elections.
The geography of abortion: Discourse, spatiality and mobility
Authors: Calkin Sydney , Freeman Cordelia , Moore Francesca
Published: September 2022

Abortion has historically been ignored in geography. Although bodies and pregnancy have been increasingly studied since the 1990s, a reticence around abortion remains. In recent years, however, this has begun to change. This article critically reviews how geographers and other scholars are now considering abortion and uses three conceptual lenses of discourse, spatiality and mobility to argue that abortion should be a mainstream topic of critical concern for geographers. Through these themes we show that geographical attention to abortion makes questions of space, power, and citizenship visible in new ways and, furthermore, in ways that are only recently possible.
Fathers in and Against Pain: Father’s Interruptions of Settler-Colonial Technologies of Loss
Authors: Otman Abeer
Published: September 2022

Bereaved fathers dealing with political loss provide an under-examined experience of living with unbearable pain. Drawing on an anti-colonial feminist framework, this article analyzes the written and visualized pain of bereaved Palestinian fathers posted on Facebook. This study approaches cyberspace as a meaningful site for theorizing the suffering of a people living under state violence. I focus on three portraits shared by fathers, which include texts, photos, e-comments, and e-interpretations. By considering the narratives and reactions evoked by these portraits, this study reveals complex transformations of individual and collective pain, loss, and grief. The study further suggests that visualizing fathers’ pain on social media provides a space for fathers to navigate trauma. They achieve this by traversing traumatic confusion into a state of survival and agency while challenging structures of dehumanization, dispossession, and death.
Use of Valproic Acid for the Management of Delirium and Agitation in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Swayngim Rebecca , Preslaski Candice , Dawson Jordan
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Assess the efficacy and safety of valproic acid (VPA) for delirium and agitation in the intensive care unit (ICU) as compared to the use of other antipsychotics. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients treated for delirium and agitation in the ICU. Patients were included if they had a Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale ≥2 and Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU positive. Patients were split into two groups based on their VPA exposure. The primary outcome was delirium free days. Secondary outcomes included agitation free days, ICU length of stay (LOS), mechanical ventilation duration, and mortality. Results: One hundred eight patients were included, 49 patients in the VPA group and 59 patients in the control group. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. There was no significant difference in the primary outcome (difference −.15, 95% CI: 0.63-.93, P = .70). There were no significant differences in agitation-free days, mortality, mechanical ventilation duration, or ICU LOS. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that VPA is associated with similar delirium and agitation-free days compared to other non-VPA medications, with some adverse effects. Larger prospective studies are needed to validate the routine use of VPA in this setting.
Evaluating Medication Day-Supply for Improving Adherence and Clinical Biomarkers of Hemoglobin A1c, Blood Pressure, and Low-Density Lipoprotein
Authors: Ameli Nina , Jones William N.
Published: September 2022

Objectives: To compare a 90-day-supply and a less than 90-day-supply of medication on adherence to refilling prescriptions and clinical biomarkers for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Methods: A retrospective chart review was completed for a cohort of patients prescribed an oral hypoglycemic agent (OHA), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), or angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), and/or a statin. Data were categorized into 90-day-supply and less than 90-day-supply and on the minimum value for control determined by the CMS Star Ratings system. Adherence was defined by the Health Plan Quality Improvement Department as ≥ 85% of days covered. Clinical biomarker cutoffs were HbA1c (<9% or ≥ 9%), BP (Systolic BP ≤ 140 mm Hg and >140 mm Hg or Diastolic BP ≥ 90 mm Hg regardless of SBP), and LDL (<100 mg/dl or ≥100 mg/dl). Results: The analysis included 251 patients: 159 females (mean 64.9 ± 11.7 years) and 92 males (mean 61.5 ± 11.3 years). Patients with medications from multiple classes were included in more than one analysis. Adherence was statistically in favor of the 90-day-supply compared to less than 90-day-supply for all three classes of drugs. The clinical biomarkers were statistically not different for each drug group. Conclusion: A 90-day-supply was statistically greater than a less than 90-day-supply for CMS Star Ratings metrics, but was not statistically significant for clinical biomarkers for HbA1c, SBP, and LDL.
A novel modular shallow mounted bollard system design and finite element performance analysis in ensuring urban roadside safety
Authors: Apak Mustafa Yurdabal , Ergun Murat , Ozen Halit , Buyuk Murat , Yumrutas Halil Ibrahim , Ozcanan Sedat , Atahan Ali Osman
Published: September 2022

The safety of risky roadside zones such as kids’ playgrounds, schools, bus stops, petrol stations, critical roadside facilities, and pavements are becoming a significant worldwide problem. This study focused on the roadside safety of critical above-ground assets of natural gas grids due to its consequences such as fire, blast, traffic interruptions, service downtime, and consumer displeasure during the repair process. In this regard, a novel modular shallow mounted bollard system was designed considering the disadvantages of conventional bollard systems in the literature and the demands/needs of related institutions. Numerical simulations were carried out to analyze the structural and safety performance capabilities of the originally designed bollard system following PAS 68:2013 standard. In addition, FE models were created and incorporated with the verified vehicle models to simulate dynamic behaviors. LS-DYNA software analyzed the FE models. As a result of the simulations, the newly developed fixed bollard design can safely stop vehicles that weigh 18,000 kg max., except for the 30,000 kg N3 class vehicle, up to 50 km/h. The results revealed that proposed bollard designs successfully met the standard requirements for the vehicle types and speed that represent general urban traffic characteristics. Thus, the new fixed bollard design will contribute to roadside safety in metropolitan areas by protecting critical hazardous roadside facilities. In the next stage, the newly designed barrier system should be optimized to lighten the system and reduce the costs.
Development of predictive models for density of hybrid nanofluids using different machine learning techniques
Authors: Gupta Amit Kumar , Mathur Priya , Opeyemi Oyedeji Mojeed , Olanrewaju Alade Ibrahim , Qahtan Talal F , Gupta Sparsh
Published: September 2022

Nanofluids are unique thermal fluids with enhanced heat transfer efficiency relative to conventional thermal fluids. The density of nanofluids is an important thermophysical property that determines the heat transfer coefficient of fluids. Hybrid nanofluids are known to show superior thermal properties compared to normal nanofluids, yet investigation on the predictive modeling of the density of hybrid nanofluids is scarce in the literature. In this report, the application of machine learning (ML) for predicting the density of hybrid nanofluids is examined. The considered hybrid nanofluids consist of Al2O3/SiO2, TiO2-SiO2, Fe3O4-MWCNT, Al2O3-CNT, Al2O3-MWCNT, TiO2-MWCNT, CeO2-MWCNT, ZnO-MWCNT, MgO-MWCNT, CuO-MWCNT, Co3O4/rGO, TiO2-MgO, Ag-GNP, and ND-Fe3O4 nanoparticles suspended in H2O, GB, DW, and W-EG (60:40%). The ML algorithms examined in this report include: support vector regression optimized with genetic algorithm (SVR-GA), Gradient Boost Regression Algorithm (GBR) with Grid Search Optimization (GBR-GSO), Decision Tree (DT), and Voting Ensemble (VE). These models were developed using the following input parameters: temperature, volume concentration, the density of individual nanoparticles, and density of the base fluid. Excellent correlations of 99.81%, 99.76%, 96.36%, and 95.05% were obtained for the SVR-GA, GBR-GSO, VE, and DT, respectively. This result shows that the SVR-GA had the highest correlations with experimental results. The development of a highly accurate predictive model for the density of hybrid nanofluids is essential because it can facilitate the rapid design of heat transfer devices. Developing a diffusivity model for hybrid nanofluids using a machine learning approach is a possible extension of the present study.