bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yeast Fermentation at Low Temperatures: Adaptation to Changing Environmental Conditions and Formation of Volatile Compounds
Authors: Liszkowska Wiktoria , Berlowska Joanna
Published: February 2021

Yeast plays a key role in the production of fermented foods and beverages, such as bread, wine, and other alcoholic beverages. They are able to produce and release from the fermentation environment large numbers of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This is the reason for the great interest in the possibility of adapting these microorganisms to fermentation at reduced temperatures. By doing this, it would be possible to obtain better sensory profiles of the final products. It can reduce the addition of artificial flavors and enhancements to food products and influence other important factors of fermented food production. Here, we reviewed the genetic and physiological mechanisms by which yeasts adapt to low temperatures. Next, we discussed the importance of VOCs for the food industry, their biosynthesis, and the most common volatiles in fermented foods and described the beneficial impact of decreased temperature as a factor that contributes to improving the composition of the sensory profiles of fermented foods.
Recent Advances in the Chemical Biology of N-Glycans
Authors: Shirakawa Asuka , Manabe Yoshiyuki , Fukase Koichi
Published: February 2021

Asparagine-linked N-glycans on proteins have diverse structures, and their functions vary according to their structures. In recent years, it has become possible to obtain high quantities of N-glycans via isolation and chemical/enzymatic/chemoenzymatic synthesis. This has allowed for progress in the elucidation of N-glycan functions at the molecular level. Interaction analyses with lectins by glycan arrays or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) using various N-glycans have revealed the molecular basis for the recognition of complex structures of N-glycans. Preparation of proteins modified with homogeneous N-glycans revealed the influence of N-glycan modifications on protein functions. Furthermore, N-glycans have potential applications in drug development. This review discusses recent advances in the chemical biology of N-glycans.
Laminarin Induces Defense Responses and Efficiently Controls Olive Leaf Spot Disease in Olive
Authors: Tziros George T. , Samaras Anastasios , Karaoglanidis George S.
Published: February 2021

Olive leaf spot (OLS) caused by Fusicladiumoleagineum is mainly controlled using copper fungicides. However, the replacement of copper-based products with eco-friendly alternatives is a priority. The use of plant resistance-inducers (PRIs) or biological control agents (BCAs) could contribute in this direction. In this study we investigated the potential use of three PRIs (laminarin, acibenzolar-S-methyl, harpin) and a BCA (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB24) for the management of OLS. The tested products provided control efficacy higher than 68%. In most cases, dual applications provided higher (p < 0.05) control efficacies compared to that achieved by single applications. The highest control efficacy of 100% was achieved by laminarin. Expression analysis of the selected genes by RT-qPCR revealed different kinetics of induction. In laminarin-treated plants, for most of the tested genes a higher induction rate (p < 0.05) was observed at 3 days post application. Pal, Lox, Cuao and Mpol were the genes with the higher inductions in laminarin-treated and artificially inoculated plants. The results of this study are expected to contribute towards a better understanding of PRIs in olive culture and the optimization of OLS control, while they provide evidence for potential contributions in the reduction of copper accumulation in the environment.
The Enzyme-Modified Neutral Comet (EMNC) Assay for Complex DNA Damage Detection
Authors: Fabbrizi Maria Rita , Hughes Jonathan R. , Parsons Jason L.
Published: February 2021

The comet assay is a versatile, simple, and sensitive gel electrophoresis–based method that can be used to measure and accurately quantify DNA damage, particularly single and double DNA strand breaks, in single cells. While generally this is used to measure variation in DNA strand break levels and repair capacity within a population of cells, the technique has more recently been adapted and evolved into more complex analysis and detection of specific DNA lesions, such as oxidized purines and pyrimidines, achieved through the utilization of damage-specific DNA repair enzymes following cell lysis. Here, we detail a version of the enzyme-modified neutral comet (EMNC) assay for the specific detection of complex DNA damage (CDD), defined as two or more DNA damage lesions within 1–2 helical turns of the DNA. CDD induction is specifically relevant to ionizing radiation (IR), particularly of increasing linear energy transfer (LET), and is known to contribute to the cell-killing effects of IR due to the difficult nature of its repair. Consequently, the EMNC assay reveals important details regarding the extent and complexity of DNA damage induced by IR, but also has potential for the study of other genotoxic agents that may induce CDD.
Scanning Thermal Microscopy of Ultrathin Films: Numerical Studies Regarding Cantilever Displacement, Thermal Contact Areas, Heat Fluxes, and Heat Distribution
Authors: Metzke Christoph , Kühnel Fabian , Weber Jonas , Benstetter Günther
Published: February 2021

New micro- and nanoscale devices require electrically isolating materials with specific thermal properties. One option to characterize these thermal properties is the atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) technique. It enables qualitative mapping of local thermal conductivities of ultrathin films. To fully understand and correctly interpret the results of practical SThM measurements, it is essential to have detailed knowledge about the heat transfer process between the probe and the sample. However, little can be found in the literature so far. Therefore, this work focuses on theoretical SThM studies of ultrathin films with anisotropic thermal properties such as hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and compares the results with a bulk silicon (Si) sample. Energy fluxes from the probe to the sample between 0.6 µW and 126.8 µW are found for different cases with a tip radius of approximately 300 nm. A present thermal interface resistance (TIR) between bulk Si and ultrathin h-BN on top can fully suppress a further heat penetration. The time until heat propagation within the sample is stationary is found to be below 1 µs, which may justify higher tip velocities in practical SThM investigations of up to 20 µms−1. It is also demonstrated that there is almost no influence of convection and radiation, whereas a possible TIR between probe and sample must be considered.
Impact of Microplastics and Nanoplastics on Human Health
Authors: Yee Maxine Swee-Li , Hii Ling-Wei , Looi Chin King , Lim Wei-Meng , Wong Shew-Fung , Kok Yih-Yih , Tan Boon-Keat , Wong Chiew-Yen , Leong Chee-Onn
Published: February 2021

Plastics have enormous impacts to every aspect of daily life including technology, medicine and treatments, and domestic appliances. Most of the used plastics are thrown away by consumers after a single use, which has become a huge environmental problem as they will end up in landfill, oceans and other waterways. These plastics are discarded in vast numbers each day, and the breaking down of the plastics from micro- to nano-sizes has led to worries about how toxic these plastics are to the environment and humans. While, there are several earlier studies reported the effects of micro- and nano-plastics have on the environment, there is scant research into their impact on the human body at subcellular or molecular levels. In particular, the potential of how nano-plastics move through the gut, lungs and skin epithelia in causing systemic exposure has not been examined thoroughly. This review explores thoroughly on how nanoplastics are created, how they behave/breakdown within the environment, levels of toxicity and pollution of these nanoplastics, and the possible health impacts on humans, as well as suggestions for additional research. This paper aims to inspire future studies into core elements of micro- and nano-plastics, the biological reactions caused by their specific and unusual qualities.
Role of Zoo-Housed Animals in the Ecology of Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens—A Review
Authors: Hrnková Johana , Schneiderová Irena , Golovchenko Marina , Grubhoffer Libor , Rudenko Natalie , Černý Jiří
Published: February 2021

Ticks are ubiquitous ectoparasites, feeding on representatives of all classes of terrestrial vertebrates and transmitting numerous pathogens of high human and veterinary medical importance. Exotic animals kept in zoological gardens, ranches, wildlife parks or farms may play an important role in the ecology of ticks and tick-borne pathogens (TBPs), as they may serve as hosts for local tick species. Moreover, they can develop diseases of varying severity after being infected by TBPs, and theoretically, can thus serve as reservoirs, thereby further propagating TBPs in local ecosystems. The definite role of these animals in the tick–host-pathogen network remains poorly investigated. This review provides a summary of the information currently available regarding ticks and TBPs in connection to captive local and exotic wildlife, with an emphasis on zoo-housed species.
Material Screening with Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Marchegiani Francesca , Ferella Francesco , Nisi Stefano
Published: February 2021

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique. Because of its sensitivity, accuracy, multielement capability, high throughput, rapid analysis times and low detection limits, it is able to determine simultaneously long-lived radionuclides at trace and ultra-trace levels as well as isotope ratios. It has been increasingly applied in the framework of rare events experiments like those investigating the nature of dark matter and neutrinos, where the screening and selection of extremely radiopure materials for the experimental apparatus is crucial. Here, the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) measurements of the chemical purity of a Cs2HfCl6 crystal scintillator used to study α decay of naturally occurring Hf isotopes and its own raw materials are reported. Moreover, in the framework of the GERDA/LEGEND experiment, an overview of the ICP-MS results to monitor the recycling process of enriched germanium scraps is shown. Significant outcomes, such as low detection limits despite the small amount of sample to analyze and fast ICP-MS results, have been achieved in response to the challenges required by modern low background experiments.
The Adhesion of Plasma Nanocoatings Controls the Shear Properties of GF/Polyester Composite
Authors: Plichta Tomas , Sirjovova Veronika , Zvonek Milan , Kalinka Gerhard , Cech Vladimir
Published: February 2021

High-performance fibre-reinforced polymer composites are important construction materials based not only on the specific properties of the reinforcing fibres and the flexible polymer matrix but also on the compatible properties of the composite interphase. First, oxygen-free (a-CSi:H) and oxygen-binding (a-CSiO:H) plasma nanocoatings of different mechanical and tribological properties were deposited on planar silicon dioxide substrates that closely mimic E-glass. The nanoscratch test was used to characterize the nanocoating adhesion expressed in terms of critical normal load and work of adhesion. Next, the same nanocoatings were deposited on E-glass fibres, which were used as reinforcements in the polyester composite to affect its interphase properties. The shear properties of the polymer composite were characterized by macro- and micromechanical tests, namely a short beam shear test to determine the short-beam strength and a single fibre push-out test to determine the interfacial shear strength. The results of the polymer composites showed a strong correlation between the short-beam strength and the interfacial shear strength, proving that both tests are sensitive to changes in fibre-matrix adhesion due to different surface modifications of glass fibres (GF). Finally, a strong correlation between the shear properties of the GF/polyester composite and the adhesion of the plasma nanocoating expressed through the work of adhesion was demonstrated. Thus, increasing the work of adhesion of plasma nanocoatings from 0.8 to 1.5 mJ·m−2 increased the short-beam strength from 23.1 to 45.2 MPa. The results confirmed that the work of adhesion is a more suitable parameter in characterising the level of nanocoating adhesion in comparison with the critical normal load.
On the Way to Integrate Increasing Shares of Variable Renewables in China: Activating Nearby Accommodation Potential under New Provincial Renewable Portfolio Standard
Authors: Bu Yinhe , Zhang Xingping
Published: February 2021

More than 1.2 billion kW wind and solar power generation will be integrated in China by 2030. The new provincial renewable portfolio standard, officially implemented in 2020, establishes an efficient bridge between rapid capacity growth and limited accommodation capability. A data-driven prospect analysis framework was proposed to evaluate the activated potential under two kinds of nearby accommodation approaches and to explore the completion prospect of this new obligated quota from provincial levels. Empirical results illustrate diverse prospects across regions. Particularly, it is hard for two kinds of provinces to complete their obligated quotas merely via the single nearby accommodation approach: The first one is close to renewable energy resources but lacks flexible peak regulation capability in Northeast and Northwest China, and the other is close to the nationwide load center but lacks nearby integration from renewables in Southeast, North, and Middle China. Therefore, the pathway for the former is to activate more provincial accommodation potential either via releasing system flexibility or by substituting generation right, and the pathway for the latter is to introduce trans-regional or trans-provincial accommodation and import more renewable energy power.
Evaluation of Process Control Schemes for Sour Water Strippers in Petroleum Refining
Authors: Ho Chii-Dong , Chen Yih-Hang , Chang Chao-Min , Chang Hsuan
Published: February 2021

For the sour water strippers in petroleum refinery plants, three prediction models were developed first, including the estimators of sour water feed concentrations using convenient online measurements, the minimum reboiler duty and the corresponding internal temperature at a specific location (Tstage,29). Feedforward control schemes were developed based on these prediction models. Four categories of control schemes, including feedforward, feedback, feedback with external reset, and feedforward-feedback, were proposed and evaluated by the rigorous dynamic simulation model of the sour water stripper for their dynamic responses to the sour water feed stream disturbances. The comparison of control performance, in terms of the settling time, integrated absolute error (IAE) of the NH3 concentration of the stripped sour water and IAE of the specific reboiler duty, reveals that FFT (feedforward control of Tstage,29) and FBA-DT3 (feedback control with 3 min concentration measurement delay) are the best control schemes. The second-best control scheme is FBAT (cascade feedback control of concentration with temperature).
Optimised Fractionation of Brewer’s Spent Grain for a Biorefinery Producing Sugars, Oligosaccharides, and Bioethanol
Authors: Bedő Soma , Rozbach Margaréta , Nagy Leonóra , Fehér Anikó , Fehér Csaba
Published: February 2021

Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) is the main by-product of the beer brewing process. It has a huge potential as a feedstock for bio-based manufacturing processes to produce high-value bio-products, biofuels, and platform chemicals. For the valorisation of BSG in a biorefinery process, efficient fractionation and bio-conversion processes are required. The aim of our study was to develop a novel fractionation of BSG for the production of arabinose, arabino-xylooligomers, xylose, and bioethanol. A fractionation process including two-step acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis steps was investigated and optimised by a response surface methodology and a desirability function approach to fractionate the carbohydrate content of BSG. In the first acidic hydrolysis, high arabinose yield (76%) was achieved under the optimised conditions (90 °C, 1.85 w/w% sulphuric acid, 19.5 min) and an arabinose- and arabino-xylooligomer-rich supernatant was obtained. In the second acidic hydrolysis, the remaining xylan was solubilised (90% xylose yield) resulting in a xylose-rich hydrolysate. The last, enzymatic hydrolysis step resulted in a glucose-rich supernatant (46 g/L) under optimised conditions (15 w/w% solids loading, 0.04 g/g enzyme dosage). The glucose-rich fraction was successfully used for bioethanol production (72% ethanol yield by commercial baker’s yeast). The developed and optimised process offers an efficient way for the value-added utilisation of BSG. Based on the validated models, the amounts of the produced sugars, the composition of the sugar streams and solubilised oligo-saccharides are predictable and variable by changing the reaction conditions of the process.
Spectral Explanation for Statistical Odd-Even Staggering in Few Fermions Systems
Authors: Plastino Angelo , Ferri Gustavo Luis , Plastino Angel Ricardo
Published: February 2021

Odd-even statistical staggering in a Lipkin-like few fermions model has been recently encountered. Of course, staggering in nuclear binding energies is a well established fact. Similar effects are detected in other finite fermion systems as well, as for example, ultra small metallic grains and metal clusters. We work in this effort with the above-mentioned Lipkin-like, two-level fermion model and show that statistical staggering effects can be detailedly explained by recourse to a straightforward analysis of the associated energy-spectra.
Sensing Technology for Fish Freshness and Safety: A Review
Authors: Franceschelli Leonardo , Berardinelli Annachiara , Dabbou Sihem , Ragni Luigi , Tartagni Marco
Published: February 2021

Standard analytical methods for fish freshness assessment are based on the measurement of chemical and physical attributes related to fish appearance, color, meat elasticity or texture, odor, and taste. These methods have plenty of disadvantages, such as being destructive, expensive, and time consuming. All these techniques require highly skilled operators. In the last decade, rapid advances in the development of novel techniques for evaluating food quality attributes have led to the development of non-invasive and non-destructive instrumental techniques, such as biosensors, e-sensors, and spectroscopic methods. The available scientific reports demonstrate that all these new techniques provide a great deal of information with only one test, making them suitable for on-line and/or at-line process control. Moreover, these techniques often require little or no sample preparation and allow sample destruction to be avoided.
Measuring Key Quality Indicators in Cloud Gaming: Framework and Assessment Over Wireless Networks
Authors: Peñaherrera-Pulla Oswaldo Sebastian , Baena Carlos , Fortes Sergio , Baena Eduardo , Barco Raquel
Published: February 2021

Cloud Gaming is a cutting-edge paradigm in the video game provision where the graphics rendering and logic are computed in the cloud. This allows a user’s thin client systems with much more limited capabilities to offer a comparable experience with traditional local and online gaming but using reduced hardware requirements. In contrast, this approach stresses the communication networks between the client and the cloud. In this context, it is necessary to know how to configure the network in order to provide service with the best quality. To that end, the present work defines a novel framework for Cloud Gaming performance evaluation. This system is implemented in a real testbed and evaluates the Cloud Gaming approach for different transport networks (Ethernet, WiFi, and LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and scenarios, automating the acquisition of the gaming metrics. From this, the impact on the overall gaming experience is analyzed identifying the main parameters involved in its performance. Hence, the future lines for Cloud Gaming QoE-based (Quality of Experience) optimization are established, this way being of configuration, a trendy paradigm in the new-generation networks, such as 4G and 5G (Fourth and Fifth Generation of Mobile Networks).
Extraction and Analysis of Respiratory Motion Using a Comprehensive Wearable Health Monitoring System
Authors: George Uduak Z. , Moon Kee S. , Lee Sung Q.
Published: February 2021

Respiratory activity is an important vital sign of life that can indicate health status. Diseases such as bronchitis, emphysema, pneumonia and coronavirus cause respiratory disorders that affect the respiratory systems. Typically, the diagnosis of these diseases is facilitated by pulmonary auscultation using a stethoscope. We present a new attempt to develop a lightweight, comprehensive wearable sensor system to monitor respiration using a multi-sensor approach. We employed new wearable sensor technology using a novel integration of acoustics and biopotentials to monitor various vital signs on two volunteers. In this study, a new method to monitor lung function, such as respiration rate and tidal volume, is presented using the multi-sensor approach. Using the new sensor, we obtained lung sound, electrocardiogram (ECG), and electromyogram (EMG) measurements at the external intercostal muscles (EIM) and at the diaphragm during breathing cycles with 500 mL, 625 mL, 750 mL, 875 mL, and 1000 mL tidal volume. The tidal volumes were controlled with a spirometer. The duration of each breathing cycle was 8 s and was timed using a metronome. For each of the different tidal volumes, the EMG data was plotted against time and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. The AUC calculated from EMG data obtained at the diaphragm and EIM represent the expansion of the diaphragm and EIM respectively. AUC obtained from EMG data collected at the diaphragm had a lower variance between samples per tidal volume compared to those monitored at the EIM. Using cubic spline interpolation, we built a model for computing tidal volume from EMG data at the diaphragm. Our findings show that the new sensor can be used to measure respiration rate and variations thereof and holds potential to estimate tidal lung volume from EMG measurements obtained from the diaphragm.
Intralobar Pulmonary Sequestration with Anomalous Artery Arising from the Celiac Trunk
Authors: Mashkov Alexandr E. , Mayr Johannes M. , Bobylev Andrei V. , Slesarev Vyacheslav V.
Published: February 2021

Pulmonary saequestration is a rare congenital malformation characterized by a dysplastic portion of lung parenchyma supplied by an anomalous artery originating from the aorta or its branches. The worldwide incidence of pulmonary sequestration among all congenital lung malformations in children ranges from 1.5% to 6.4%. There are two main types of pulmonary sequestration according to the localization of the malformation, i.e., intrapulmonary sequestration (dysplastic tissue located inside a lobe of the normal lung) and extrapulmonary sequestration. Our case presentation aims to make physicians aware of this rare anomaly which may be difficult to diagnose because of its oligosymptomatic course prior to first presentation. We present the case of a 10-year-old girl who suffered from a second episode of prolonged pneumonia of the left lower lobe. Contrast-enhanced-computed-tomography (CT) scan of the thoraco-abdominal segment of the aorta and its branches revealed intrapulmonary sequestration localized at the left lower lobe of the lung. The intrapulmonary sequester was perfused by a large artery arising from the celiac trunk. The girl underwent open surgery with ligation of the anomalous feeding artery and atypical pulmonary resection of the affected area of the left lower lobe. Postoperatively, the child recovered without any complications.
Local Feature Extraction Network for Point Cloud Analysis
Authors: Zhou Zehao , Tai Yichun , Chen Jianlin , Zhang Zhijiang
Published: February 2021

Geometric feature extraction of 3D point clouds plays an important role in many 3D computer vision applications such as region labeling, 3D reconstruction, object segmentation, and recognition. However, hand-designed features on point clouds lack semantic information, so cannot meet these requirements. In this paper, we propose local feature extraction network (LFE-Net) which focus on extracting local feature for point clouds analysis. Such geometric features learning from a relation of local points can be used in a variety of shape analysis problems such as classification, part segmentation, and point matching. LFE-Net consists of local geometric relation (LGR) module which aims to learn a high-dimensional local feature to express the relation between points and their neighbors. Benefiting from the additional singular values of local points and hierarchical neural networks, the learned local features are robust to permutation and rigid transformation so that they can be transformed into 3D descriptors. Moreover, we embed prior spatial information of the local points into the sub-features for combining features from multiple levels. LFE-Net achieves state-of-the-art performances on standard benchmarks including ModelNet40, ShapeNetPart.
Dexmedetomidine and Tear Production: Evaluation in Dogs as Spontaneous Model for Ocular Surface Disorders
Authors: Di Pietro Simona , Giannetto Claudia , Falcone Annastella , Piccione Giuseppe , Congiu Fulvio , Staffieri Francesco , Giudice Elisabetta
Published: February 2021

Tear film provides lubrication and protection to the ocular surface. The sedation reduces tear production, often leading to perioperative exposure keratopathy. The aim of the present study was to report the effects of intramuscular dexmedetomidine on canine tear production, measured by STT-1, for an experimental period of 8 h after sedation. Ten dogs who underwent sedation for routine radiologic assessment were recruited for the study. In all animals, tear production in right and left eyes was measured 15 min before sedation (T0: basal values) and 20 min (T20), 1 h (T1), 2 h (T2), 4 h (T4) and 8 h (T8) after drug administration. Analysis of variance and post hoc Bonferroni test (p < 0.05) were performed. A significant effect of time on canine tear production was found. The tear production returned to basal values at T8. So, it is recommended to treat the canine eyes with tear substitutes during and up to 12 h after sedation.
An overview of Scheuchzeria palustris in Scotland and a new locality in Westerness (vc97)
Authors: Smith Paul , Strachan Ian , Coupar Andrew
Published: February 2021

A new locality for Scheuchzeria palustris L. (Rannoch Rush) in Westerness extends its extant range in Scotland. The characteristics of the site are presented in the context of the known distribution and ecology of S. palustris on and around Rannoch Moor, the only extant populations in the British Isles. An overview of the population dynamics revealed by monitoring since 1988 is given.
A elitização da educação pública: não é para todo mundo e nem para todo lugar
Authors: Silva Sobral Dimitri
Published: February 2021

Após quase uma década da primeira implementação da lei de cotas e políticas de ações afirmativas no Brasil, muito ainda se discute sobre a democratização do acesso à educação pública. A discussão não deixa de ser pertinente quando o assunto é o ensino médio, especialmente em uma metrópole tão desigual como a do Rio de Janeiro. Nesse cenário, o presente trabalho visa discutir, com a ajuda de um estudo de caso, como a secretaria municipal de educação carioca atua na contramão das medidas de democratização do acesso ao ensino público, intensificando modelos de bonificação pautados na desigualdade.

 

Palavras-chave: democratização; educação; desigualdade; elites.
SPACE TOURISM: PRE-FLIGHT PREPARATION AS OBJECT DESIGNING
Authors: Fuad O.
Published: February 2021

Today the space industry has a powerful technical, theoretical and practical base. However, until nowadays, sending a man into space has only a professional focus (except in some cases). A significant number of people who want to make a space flight is confirmed by statistical studies. The travel business is just starting to offer this service. The main directions of commercial development of the industry are the followings: the creation of infrastructure facilities, specialized aircraft, the development of a training system for "space" tourists, the creation of an appropriate subject-spatial environment for the preparation of tourists, and their flight into the cosmic space. This poses some diverse tasks for designers: from the development of social programs and management to infrastructure planning and engineering solutions in transport, construction, and architecture systems. This study examines the pre-flight preparation of "space" tourists as an object of design. The analysis of training is carried out from the following positions: as a set of conditions for multidimensional adaptation of a person to new states; as a scenario of human immersion into the space environment using design tools; and as a dynamic system that combines artistic-aesthetic and utilitarian-practical properties of training objects
APLIKASI GEOGRAFIS ORGANISASI ISLAM DI KEMENTRIAN AGAMA KECAMATAN PELAIHARI BERBASIS WEB MOBILE
Authors: Ningsih Utami Rahayu , Herpendi Herpendi , Noor Muhammad
Published: February 2021

Berkembangnya Islam di Indonesia telah mengalami berbagai macam kondisi dan hambatan, sebelum akhirnya dapat menyebar keberbagai wilayah di Nusantara. Permasalahan yang sekarang dihadapi oleh Organisasi Islam yang berada di Kecamatan Pelaihari masih banyaknya pemuda-pemudi  yang belum mengetahui lokasi organisasi keislaman. Hal tersebut dapat menyebabkan terhambatnya pencarian anggota baru karena kurangnya informasi mengenai lokasi beserta nama-nama organisasi keislaman yang ada di Kecamatan Pelaihari. Sementara itu, sistem Kementrian Agama yang berada di Kecamatan Pelaihari masih mengunakan sistem manual dalam mencatatan organisasi islam, sehingga informasi tentang nama-nama organisasi islam, lokasi organisasi islam, dan struktur organisasi islam tidak di ketahui oleh masyarakat. Sehingga dibutuhkan suatu sistem yang masyarakat untuk mengetahui informasi organisasi-organisasi keIslaman. Masyarakat dapat mengakses Aplikasi Geografis Organisasi Islam di Kecamatan Pelaihari Berbasis Web Mobile. Aplikasi ini dirancang dengan menggunakan Data Flow Diagram, Flowchart serta dirancang menggunakan Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) dan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP).
Recent Advancements in Optical Harmonic Generation Microscopy: Applications and Perspectives
Authors: James Darian S. , Campagnola Paul J.
Published: February 2021

Second harmonic generation (SHG) and third harmonic generation (THG) microscopies have emerged as powerful imaging modalities to examine structural properties of a wide range of biological tissues. Although SHG and THG arise from very different contrast mechanisms, the two are complimentary and can often be collected simultaneously using a modified multiphoton microscope. In this review, we discuss the needed instrumentation for these modalities as well as the underlying theoretical principles of SHG and THG in tissue and describe how these can be leveraged to extract unique structural information. We provide an overview of recent advances showing how SHG microscopy has been used to evaluate collagen alterations in the extracellular matrix and how this has been used to advance our knowledge of cancers, fibroses, and the cornea, as well as in tissue engineering applications. Specific examples using polarization-resolved approaches and machine learning algorithms are highlighted. Similarly, we review how THG has enabled developmental biology and skin cancer studies due to its sensitivity to changes in refractive index, which are ubiquitous in all cell and tissue assemblies. Lastly, we offer perspectives and outlooks on future directions of SHG and THG microscopies and present unresolved questions, especially in terms of overall miniaturization and the development of microendoscopy instrumentation.
Measuring the Overall Burden of Early Childhood Malnutrition in Ghana: A Comparison of Estimates from Multiple Data Sources
Authors: Kuwornu John Paul , Amoyaw Jonathan , Manyanga Taru , Cooper Elizabeth J. , Donkoh Elvis , Nkrumah Amos
Published: February 2021

Background: Childhood malnutrition contributes to nearly half (45%) of all deaths among children under 5 globally. The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aims to end all forms of malnutrition by 2030; however, measuring progress towards these goals is challenging, particularly in countries with emerging economies where nationally-representative data are limited. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the overall burden of childhood malnutrition in Ghana at national and regional levels using 3 data sources. Methods: Using data from the long-standing Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys (GDHS), Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (GMICS), and the emerging Ghana Socioeconomic Panel Survey (GSPS), we compared the prevalence of malnutrition using the extended composite index of anthropometric failure (eCIAF) for the period 2008- 2011. This study included data for children aged 6-59 months and calculated all anthropometric z-scores based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Growth Standards. We tested for differences in malnutrition subtypes using two-group configural frequency analysis (CFA). Results: Of the 10 281 children (6532 from GMICS, 2141 from GDHS and 1608 from GSPS) included in the study, the only demographic difference observed was the children included in the GSPS were slightly older than those included in the GDHS and GMICS (median age of 36 vs 30 vs 33 months, P<.001). Based on the eCIAF, the overall prevalence of malnutrition at the national level was higher among children in the GSPS (57.3%, 95% CI: 53.9%–60.6%), followed by the GDHS (39.7%, 95% CI: 37.0%–42.5%), and then those in the GMICS (31.2%, 95% CI: 29.3%–33.1%). The two-group CFA showed that the 3 data sources also estimated different prevalence rates for most of the malnutrition subtypes included in the eCIAF. Conclusion: Depending on the data source adopted, our estimates of eCIAF showed that between one-third and half of all Ghanaian children aged 6-59 months had at least one form of malnutrition over the period 2008-2011. These eCIAF estimates should complement the commonly reported measures such as stunting and wasting when interpreting the severity of malnutrition in the country to inform policy decisions.
Implementation of the Jewish Musical Tradition in the Opera “Uriel Akosta” by Valentina Serova
Authors: Скурко Евгения Романовна , Щевелёва Ангелина Васильевна
Published: February 2021

Статья посвящена малоизвестной опере «Уриель Акоста» Валентины Серовой - русского композитора, общественного деятеля, музыкального критика. Определяется идея оперы, очерчивается главный драматургический конфликт, а также рассматривается один из важнейших интонационных пластов оперы, связанный с еврейской народной и синагогальной музыкой. Выявляются особенности их претворения на уровнях ладовой, интонационно-ритмической и фактурной организации музыкального текста. В качестве примера претворения народной песенной традиции анализируется Колыбельная. Принципы речитации и кантилляции, типичные для синагогальной музыки, прослеживаются в Молитве Эсфири и Рахили. Однако наиболее последовательно данная традиция раскрывается в кульминационной Сцене в синагоге, где воспроизводятся структура и характерная лексика иудейского ритуала.

The article is devoted to the little-known Opera “Uriel Acosta” by Valentina Serova a Russian composer, public figure, and music critic. The idea of the opera is defined, as well as the main dramaturgical conflict. For the first time, we consider one of the most important intonation layers of the opera associated with Jewish folk and synagogue music. The features of their implementation at the levels of modal, intonation-rhythmic and textural organization of the musical text as a whole are revealed. The Lullaby is analyzed as an example of implementation of Jewish folk tradition. The principles of recitation and cantillation typical of synagogue music are analysed in the Prayer of Esther and Rachel. However, this tradition is most consistently revealed in the culminating Scene in the synagogue, where V. Serova reproduces the structure and characteristic vocabulary of the Jewish ritual service.
Mily Balakirev and Stanislav Moniuszko: Intertwining Creative Destinies (Based on the Materials of the Archive and Library of the Head of the New Russian School). To the 110 Death Anniversary of M. A. Balakirev
Authors: Зайцева Татьяна Андреевна
Published: February 2021

Статья освещает вопрос о связях Балакирева и Монюшко, который остался практически не затронутым исследователями их жизни и творчества. В музыковедческой литературе об этом можно почерпнуть лишь единичные факты. Их удалось существенно дополнить впервые вводимыми в научный обиход сведениями из документальных источников, среди которых несколько обнаруженных нами неизвестных автографов писем и нотных рукописей, печатных изданий из библиотеки и архива Милия Алексеевича. Все это позволило установить истинную картину многогранных творческих взаимоотношений двух композиторов, где в роли главного связующего звена выступала музыка Монюшко. В свою очередь, это не только проясняет забытые страницы в биографиях музыкантов, но и вносит вклад в разработку таких фундаментальных тем, как «Балакирев и Польша», «Русско-польские музыкальные связи».

This article highlights the question of the relationship between Balakirev and Moniuszko, which has remained virtually untouched by researchers of their life and work. Only a few facts can be found in the scientific literature about this. They were significantly supplemented with information from documentary sources that was introduced into scientific use for the first time. Among them are several unknown autographs of letters and music manuscripts discovered by us, as well as printed publications from the library and archive of Mili Alexeeyevich. All this allowed us to establish a true picture of the multifaceted creative relationship between the two composers, where Moniuszko's music served as the main link. In turn, these materials not only clarify the forgotten pages in the biographies of both musicians, but also contribute to the development of such fundamental themes as “Balakirev and Poland,” “Russian-Polish musical ties.”
Hacia una comparación de la conflictividad pesquera en la costa bonaerense y patagónica en Argentina: de la huelga del 2005 en Chubut a la del 2007 en Mar del Plata
Authors: Pérez Alvarez Gonzalo , Schulze María Soledad
Published: February 2021

El siguiente artículo reconstruye el debate interno de Montoneros que se produjo en el exilio luego de la Contraofensiva de 1979 y que provocó, entre sus consecuencias más salientes, la conformación de la disidencia “Montoneros 17 de octubre”. Se analizan el documento crítico, el manifiesto disidente y la contestación de la dirigencia de la organización. A partir de estas intervenciones se interrogan las inquietudes que tuvieron los montoneros para finales de la década de 1970, con la Contraofensiva como escenario. El artículo sitúa esta interrogación dentro de los cambios políticos más generales que se dieron en el exilio y que incluyeron reflexiones sobre la condición de exiliados, los métodos militares, la revalorización de la democracia y la preservación de la vida de los militantes.
El encanto de Tutankhamón. La egiptomanía en la prensa porteña (1923-1925)
Authors: Alderete Matías
Published: February 2021

El descubrimiento de la tumba de Tutankhamón en los años veinte evidenció la fascinación que la antigüedad egipcia ejerció en el mundo occidental. Argentina no fue la excepción: la prensa porteña se hizo eco de este acontecimiento, que circuló de formas diversas en los periódicos y semanarios ilustrados. Podían verse noticias, artículos de interés, ilustraciones y fotografías que, recurriendo a tópicos de la egiptomanía del Viejo Mundo, exaltaban la sensualidad y el misterio de los tiempos faraónicos. Pero al mismo tiempo, la prensa porteña generó contenido local: acudiendo a relatos, ilustraciones o sátiras políticas evocaron al Antiguo Egipto y lo hicieron más cercano; en este sentido, la egiptomanía funcionó como un vínculo entre la joven nación y el horizonte global, que le permitió comulgar con un sentimiento de encanto cosmopolita.
Habitar el “desierto”. Derecho a la tierra y territorialidad indígena en el sur de Neuquén, 1885-1955
Authors: Aguirre Carla Sabrina
Published: February 2021

En el Territorio Nacional de Neuquén, finalizadas las campañas militares de ocupación de las tierras indígenas, los intentos de reconstitución de la vida comunitaria mapuche llevados adelante configuraron, en su área sur, una región de gran dinamismo. A pesar de contar con numerosos casos de lof (comunidades) que llegaban en estado cohesivo a la provincialización (1955), el extremo sur del Territorio neuquino exhibió poco de ese dinamismo característico unos kilómetros al norte. Por el contrario, allí habitaban cerca de una decena de comunidades cuyos procesos de reconstrucción se vieron interrumpidos en algún momento durante la etapa territoriana. Para indagar en torno a ello, analizaremos los casos de dos de esas comunidades, vinculando las formas de acceso a la tierra y las posibilidades de desarrollo de la territorialidad indígena.
Inf(l)ecciones de sentidos:
Authors: Rovetto Florencia , Alberti Cristian
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de esta publicación se centra en relatar la experiencia transitada en la formulación y dictado del seminario extracurricular “Producción de conocimientos y VIH. Un abordaje integral”, desarrollado durante el año 2019 en la Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario (Argentina). Realizaremos entonces una reconstrucción de las perspectivas teóricas, epistemológicas y pedagógicas que construimos colectivamente para elaborar esta propuesta que nos invita a reflexionar sobre la necesidad de resituar la cuestión VIH/SIDA en el ámbito universitario desde una perspectiva integral e interdisciplinaria de los derechos humanos y de la salud pública.
A modo de presentación
Authors: Rosano Susana
Published: February 2021

"A fines de noviembre de 2018 realizamos en nuestra facultad de Humanidades y Artes, con la colaboración del Museo de la Memoria y del Centro Cultural Parque de España, el III Encuentro Memoria y Relatos que estuvo aquella vez dedicado a discutir en profundidad y extensión la relación entre Biopolítica y Arte, y reunió a docentes-investigadores de las universidades Nacional de Rosario, la Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, la Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos y la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, lo que permitió propiciar un significativo intercambio y difusión de los saberes sobre memoria traumática. Desde las ciencias sociales y las humanidades, los distintos aspectos de la memoria fueron interpelados a partir de la literatura, la ciencia política, la fotografía, el teatro, la performance, el cine y las artes plásticas, y de una extensa y profunda bibliografía que contempló los debates teórico-críticos que representan modos de ver, desde diversos paradigmas, los episodios violentos de la historia contemporánea"
cuerpo en la producción cultural de HIJOS e hijo
Authors: Basile Teresa
Published: February 2021

Frente a una, aunque breve, potente tradición en los modos de representar el cuerpo del “desaparecido” ¿cuál es el aporte peculiar de HIJOS? Focalizando en el análisis de Aparecida (2015) de Marta Dillon, proponemos explorar ciertas representaciones del cuerpo del desaparecido del padre o de la madre articuladas por los HIJOS en sus producciones culturales: desde el rostro hasta el cuerpo, desde el cuerpo desaparecido hasta el cuerpo reaparecido, desde el fantasma hasta los huesos, desde el cadáver hasta el resucitado. Se trata de un recorrido por ciertas escenas claves, tales como los montajes con fotografías de los padres en “Arqueología de la ausencia” (1999-2001) de Lucila Quieto, la figura de la madre en algunos relatos publicados en 76 (2008) de Félix Bruzzone, que van a dar lugar a dos relatos y dos diversas políticas de la memoria: el cuerpo inabordable, mudo e irrepresentable, y el cuerpo recuperado y resucitado.
Léxico y sintaxis en los adverbios españoles:
Authors: Múgica Nora , Mangialavori Rasia María Eugenia
Published: February 2021

El presente estudio propone considerar al adverbio como indicador de diferencias estructurales en las categorías complementadas. Una perspectiva construccionista no derivacional, con una articulación estructural en la que el V se desagrega máximamente, permite identificar variables definidas en la formación del verbo, a través de las distintas relaciones predicativas establecidas entre la propiedad designada por la raíz léxica y los argumentos verbales. Se distinguen cuatro clases naturales según la función semántico-sintáctica de Adv, con dos subtipos determinados en relación a la predicación secundaria. Estos casos se definen con respecto a una instancia en la cual Adv no establece una relación semántica equiparable, sea identificando una alternativa de participación sintáctica (aplicativo alto), sea marcando contrastes relativos al nivel eventivo (vP). Las preocupaciones centrales pasan por (i) el aporte semántico de la raíz léxica; (ii) las variables semánticas determinadas por la configuración sintáctica donde se ubica la raíz; (iii) cierta (potencial) restricción extragramatical
Effect of Waste Titanium Chips Addition Into the Aluminum Alloys on Their Microstructure
Authors: ÖZER Gökhan , ACAR Serhat , KISASÖZ Alptekin , GÜLER Kerem Altuğ
Published: February 2021

In the present study, turning chips were preferred to add titanium into liquid aluminum. Although being easy to reach and cheap, the chips were thought to be effective in minor titanium addition with their large surface area. Experimental studies have been carried out with A356 casting alloy and commercial purity aluminum. The effects of different process parameters were investigated on titanium transfer efficiency, microstructural and microhardness properties of the formed phases. The processes were carried out between 740 - 820 °C, for 2, 4, and 6 h, with the amount of added chips 5 and 10 wt.% (3 and 6 vol.%). The experiments were conducted with both commercially pure Al and A356 alloy. The microstructural investigations and microhardness measurements were carried out on the formed Al3Ti and (Al, Si)3Ti phases. The first noticeable result was that titanium transfer was more efficient in pure aluminum than in the A356 alloy. Also, it was observed that this difference became more significant with an increase in wt.% addition. The measured microhardness values were also differentiated depending on the Si content of the formed Al3Ti compound. Due to the presence of high Si content in A356 alloy, transference efficiencies of Ti were found highly limited compared to pure aluminum as the silicon enrichment in the Al3Ti compound reduces the diffusion of titanium and the growth rate of Al3Ti particles. Maximum transference efficiency was found 47.05% with 10 %wt. chip addition in commercially pure aluminum at the processing conditions of 780 °C for 4 h.