bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: An ALMA Galaxy Signposting a MUSE Galaxy Group at z = 4.3 Behind “El Gordo”
Authors: Caputi K. I. , Caminha G. B. , Fujimoto S. , Kohno K. , Sun F. , Egami E. , Deshmukh S. , Tang F. , Ao Y. , Bradley L. , Coe D. , Espada D. , Grillo C. , Hatsukade B. , Knudsen K. K. , Lee M. M. , Magdis G. E. , Morokuma-Matsui K. , Oesch P. , Ouchi M. , Rosati P. , Umehata H. , Valentino F. , Vanzella E. , Wang W.-H. , Wu J. F. , Zitrin A.
Published: February 2021

We report the discovery of a Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) galaxy group at z = 4.32 lensed by the massive galaxy cluster ACT-CL J0102-4915 (aka El Gordo) at z = 0.87, associated with a 1.2 mm source that is at a 2.07 ± 0.88 kpc projected distance from one of the group galaxies. Three images of the whole system appear in the image plane. The 1.2 mm source has been detected within the Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA) Lensing Cluster Survey (ALCS). As this ALMA source is undetected at wavelengths λ < 2 μm, its redshift cannot be independently determined, however, the three lensing components indicate that it belongs to the same galaxy group at z = 4.32. The four members of the MUSE galaxy group have low to intermediate stellar masses (∼107–1010
M
⊙) and star formation rates (SFRs) of 0.4–24 M
⊙ yr−1, resulting in high specific SFRs (sSFRs) for two of them, which suggest that these galaxies are growing fast (with stellar mass doubling times of only ∼2 × 107 yr). This high incidence of starburst galaxies is likely a consequence of interactions within the galaxy group, which is compact and has high velocity dispersion. Based on the magnification-corrected sub-/millimeter continuum flux density and estimated stellar mass, we infer that the ALMA source is classified as an ordinary ultra-luminous infrared galaxy (with associated dust-obscured SFR ∼ 200–300 M
⊙ yr−1) and lies on the star formation main sequence. This reported case of an ALMA/MUSE group association suggests that some presumably isolated ALMA sources are in fact signposts of richer star-forming environments at high redshifts.
Absolute Calibration of Diffuse Radio Surveys at 45 and 150 MHz
Authors: Monsalve Raul A. , Rogers Alan E. E. , Bowman Judd D. , Mahesh Nivedita , Murray Steven G. , Mozdzen Thomas J. , Johnson Leroy , Barrett John , Samson Titu , Lewis David
Published: February 2021

We use measurements from the Experiment to Detect the Global EoR Signature (EDGES) to determine scale and zero-level corrections to the diffuse radio surveys by Guzmán et al. at 45 MHz and by Landecker & Wielebinski at 150 MHz. We find that the map of Guzmán et al. requires a scale correction of 1.076 ± 0.034 (2σ) and a zero-level correction of −160 ± 78 K (2σ) to best-fit the EDGES data. For the map of Landecker & Wielebinski, the scale correction is 1.112 ± 0.023 (2σ) and the zero-level correction is 0.7 ± 6.0 K (2σ). The correction uncertainties are dominated by systematic effects, of which the most significant are uncertainty in the calibration of the EDGES receivers, antenna pointing, and tropospheric and ionospheric effects. We propagate the correction uncertainties to estimate the uncertainties in the corrected maps themselves and find that the 2σ uncertainty in the map brightness temperature is in the range 3.2%–7.5% for the map of Guzmán et al. and 2.1%–9.0% for the map of Landecker & Wielebinski, with the largest percentage uncertainties occurring at high Galactic latitudes. The corrected maps could be used to improve existing diffuse low-frequency radio sky models, which are essential tools in analyses of cosmological 21 cm observations, as well as to investigate the existence of a radio monopole excess above the cosmic microwave background and known Galactic and extragalactic contributions.
Spins of Primordial Black Holes Formed in the Radiation-dominated Phase of the Universe: First-order Effect
Authors: Harada Tomohiro , Yoo Chul-Moon , Kohri Kazunori , Koga Yasutaka , Monobe Takeru
Published: February 2021

The standard deviation of the initial values of the nondimensional Kerr parameter a
* of primordial black holes (PBHs) that formed in the radiation-dominated phase of the universe is estimated to the first order of perturbation for the narrow power spectrum. Evaluating the angular momentum at turnaround based on linearly extrapolated transfer functions and peak theory, we obtain the expression

〈

a

*

2

〉

≃
4.0
×

10

−
3

M

/

M

H

−
1

/

3

1
−

γ

2

1
−
0.072

log

10

(

β

0

(

M

H

)

/

(
1.3
×

10

−
15

)
)

−
1

, where M

H
, β
0(M

H
), and γ are the mass within the Hubble horizon at the horizon entry of the overdense region, the fraction of the universe which collapsed to PBHs at the scale of M

H
, and a quantity that characterizes the width of the power spectrum, respectively. This implies that for M ≃ M

H
, the higher the probability of the PBH formation, the larger the standard deviation of the spins, while PBHs of M ≪ M

H
that formed through near-critical collapse may have larger spins than those of M ≃ M

H
. In comparison to the previous estimate, the new estimate has an explicit dependence on the ratio M/M
H and no direct dependence on the current dark matter density. On the other hand, it suggests that the first-order effect can be numerically comparable to the second-order one.
Role of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on the Cosmic-Ray Ionization Rate in the Galaxy
Authors: Shaw Gargi , Ferland G. J.
Published: February 2021

The cosmic-ray (CR) ionization rate (ζ, s−1) plays an important role in the interstellar medium. It controls ion–molecular chemistry and provides a source of heating. Here we perform a grid of calculations using the spectral synthesis code CLOUDY along nine sightlines toward, HD 169454, HD 110432, HD 204827, λ Cep, X Per, HD 73882, HD 154368, Cyg OB2 5, and Cyg OB2 12. The value of ζ is determined by matching the observed column densities of

H

3

+

and H2. The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) affects the free electron density, which changes the

H

3

+

density and the derived ionization rate. PAHs are ubiquitous in the Galaxy, but there are also regions where PAHs do not exist. Hence, we consider clouds within a range of PAH abundances and show their effects on the

H

3

+

abundance. We predict an average CR ionization rate for H2 (ζ(H2)) = (7.88 ± 2.89) × 10−16 s−1 for models with average Galactic PAH abundances, (PAH/H = 10−6.52), except Cyg OB2 5 and Cyg OB2 12. The value of ζ is nearly 1 dex smaller for sightlines toward Cyg OB2 12. We estimate the average value of ζ(H2) = (95.69 ± 46.56) × 10−16 s−1 for models without PAHs.
COVID-19 and Hepatitis B Infection
Authors: Alqahtani Saleh A , Buti Maria
Published: February 2021

The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a major burden worldwide, resulting in serious public health challenges. HBV infection is another widely spread virus that chronically affects about 257 million people. The management of patients with HBV infection has gained attention in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients with COVID-19 have varying levels of liver involvements, resulting from direct viral effects on the liver as well as hepatotoxic drugs. This was demonstrated by elevated levels of liver enzymes, particularly evident in those patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, scarce information is available on the management of COVID-19 patients having an underlying chronic liver disease, including HBV infection. Studies have shown reactivation of HBV infection following treatment with tocilizumab and corticosteroids, emphasizing the need for caution when using these agents to treat COVID-19 patients with HBV infection. HBV screening and prophylaxis should be considered in patients with elevated transaminase levels and also in high prevalence populations. In patients with advanced liver disease, attention must be given to minimize the risk of liver decompensation. Nevertheless, further investigation is needed to enable an evidence-based approach for the care of these patients.
Evaluación de la implantación de las aplicaciones móviles en las universidades españolas
Authors: Pinto-Molina María , Caballero-Mariscal David , García-Marco Francisco Javier
Published: February 2021

Se analiza el nivel de desarrollo e implementación de las aplicaciones móviles en las universidades españolas. A partir de una categorización y clasificación temática de las apps existentes, se diseña un instrumento de evaluación consensuado por expertos, denominado MappUn (Métrica para Mobile Apps en Universidades), que recoge las áreas funcionales, los servicios y su ponderación, para valorar la cantidad y tipo de aplicaciones móviles, y detectar las áreas de desarrollo avanzadas o rezagadas. Finalmente, se calcula el grado de visibilidad de las universidades en función del número y nivel de desarrollo de las aplicaciones móviles analizadas, permitiendo la identificación de líderes a partir de los cuales derivar experiencias significativas, mejores prácticas y consejo. Se constata que las universidades españolas se encuentran todavía en estadios iniciales de su implementación o en una fase de desarrollo moderado. La simplicidad, claridad, rigor y flexibilidad de este instrumento permite su aplicación a diferentes contextos académicos.
Mobile Web 2.0. Theoretical-technical framework and developing trends.
Authors: Kuklinski Hugo Pardo , Brandt Joel , Puerta Juan Pablo
Published: February 2021

More recently, synergy between novel technology and new usage patterns has enabled the convergence of mobile devices and Web 2.0 applications. This synthesis is embodied in a new conceptual and profitable space called mobile Web 2.0, where an always on empowered web consumer, is sought after by manufacturers, operators, business developers and media actors. In this article, we will mainly focus on mobile Web 2.0 as defined above. This piece of research delineates an original theoretical and technical framework that helps introduce the reader to the mobile Web 2.0 phenomenon. For this, the central aspects in the evolution of mobile phone usage towards Internet-based collaborative applications will be emphasized. In addition to it, the difficulties and limitations faced by the industry, the seven principles of Web 2.0 for mobile devices, and product, content and GUI aspects of this incipient market will be analyzed. A computer graphics have been included as a summary of this piece of research.
Personalization and User Profile Management
Authors: Petersen Francoise , Bartolomeo Giovanni , Pluke Mike
Published: February 2021

Personalization and effective user profile management will be critical to meet the individual usersâ?? needs and for achieving e-Inclusion and e-Accessibility. This paper outlines means to achieve the goal of the new ICT era where services and devices can be personalized by the users in order to meet their needs and preferences, in various situations. Behind every instance of personalization is a profile that stores the user preferences, context of use and other information that can be used to deliver a user experience tailored to their individual needs and preferences. Next Generation Networks (NGN) and the convergence between telephony and Internet services offer a wide range of new terminal and service definition possibilities, and a much wider range of application in society. This paper describes the personalization and profile management activities at European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Technical Committee Human Factors, together with relevant experimentations in recent European research projects.
Outcome of management of neurosurgical patients in the intensive care unit: An early clinical audit of a single institution from a developing country
Authors: Obande Joseph , Otorkpa Ega , Obande Elizabeth
Published: February 2021

Care of neurosurgical patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) has been evolving in recent times. This included fast growing new techniques in neuromonitoring, neuroimaging and enhanced therapeutic tools. The pace of evolution has not been replicated in resource-constrained setting such as in Nigeria, despite overwhelming evidence of its benefit to neurological patients. Patients’ outcome, including death, in the ICU is a reflection of quality of care assessed during the hospitalization process; as many neurosurgical patients require ICU bed in the course of hospital care. The objective was to characterize the profile of the patients, mortality and factors associated with mortality while in the ICU at the dawn of commencement of neurosurgical services at our centre. A descriptive retrospective study utilizing patients’ datasets of all neurosurgical admissions into the ICU of a tertiary hospital, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, between 2013 and 2015 were analyzed for deaths and factors associated to death. During the 3-years period, 19 neurosurgical deaths occurred in the ICU of University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, translating to a mortality of 63.3%. The majority of the deceased patients (n=22, 71%), was of the young age group and died from head trauma. 14 (73.7%) presented late to the hospital, and all the deceased presented late to the ICU. 17 (89.5%) had head injury, of which, 84.2% was from severe head injury. All the deceased who were administered mannitol died. The early data suggest an unusually high mortality among neurosurgical patients managed in the ICU. A reflected application of modern intensive care measures might lead to increased survival of neurocritically ill patients.
The Utility of Functional Data Analyses to Reveal Between-Limbs Asymmetries in Those With a History of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: White McKenzie S. , Horton William Z. , Burland Julie P. , Seeley Matthew K. , Lepley Lindsey K.
Published: February 2021

Context

Researchers have traditionally used motion capture to quantify discrete data points (peak values) during hop testing. However, these analyses restrict the evaluation to a single time point (ie, certain percentage of stance) and provide only a narrow view of movement. Applying more comprehensive analyses may help investigators identify important characteristics that are masked by discrete analyses often used to screen patients for activity.

Objective

To examine the utility of functional data analyses to reveal asymmetries that are undetectable using discrete (ie, single time point) evaluations in participants with a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) who achieved clinical hop symmetry.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

Fifteen participants with unilateral ACLR (age = 21 ± 3 years, time from surgery = 4 ± 3 years) and 15 control participants without ACLR (age = 23 ± 2 years).

Intervention(s)

Lower extremity biomechanics during the triple–hop-for-distance task for the ACLR and contralateral limbs of patients and a representative limb of control participants were measured.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Peak sagittal-plane joint power, joint work, and power profiles were determined.

Results

Using discrete analyses, we identified lower peak knee power and work in the ACLR limb compared with the contralateral and control limbs (P < .05) but were unable to demonstrate differences at the ankle or hip. Using functional data analyses, we observed asymmetries at the ankle, knee, and hip between the ACLR and contralateral or control limbs throughout stance (P < .05), and it was revealed that these asymmetries stemmed from knee power deficits that were prominent during early loading.

Conclusions

Despite achieving hop-distance symmetry, the ACLR knees absorbed less power. Although this information was revealed using discrete analyses, underlying asymmetries at the ankle and hip were masked. Using functional data analyses, we found interlimb asymmetries at the ankle, knee, and hip. Importantly, we found that functional data analyses more fully elucidated the extent and source of asymmetries, which can be used by clinicians and researchers alike to aid in clinical decision making.
Time-to-Event Analyses: Return to Unrestricted Participation After Sport-Related Concussion in a Cohort of High School Athletes
Authors: Covassin Tracey , Bretzin Abigail C. , Beidler Erica , Wallace Jessica
Published: February 2021

Context

Understanding time loss resulting from sport-related concussion (SRC) within individual sports allows high school athletic trainers to provide accurate and evidence-based clinical information. Currently, research regarding patterns of clinical recovery outcomes in high school student-athletes across sports is lacking.

Objective

To describe the time to authorized unrestricted return to participation (RTP) after SRC in a large cohort of high school student-athletes in a variety of sports using a time-to-event analysis.

Design

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting

Aggregate injury and player exposure data from the Michigan High School Athletic Association Head Injury Reporting System.

Patients or Other Participants

High school student-athletes.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Dates for SRC injury events and authorized unrestricted RTP were entered into the Head Injury Reporting System for each case and were used to calculate time to unrestricted RTP. Survival analysis indicated the time to authorized RTP for males and females in weekly increments across sports and academic years. Separate Kaplan-Meier analyses adjusted for SRC cases with a history of concussion also identified the proportions of student-athletes who obtained authorized medical clearance in weekly increments.

Results

A total of 15 821 SRCs, 10 375 (65.6%) in males and 5446 (34.4%) in females, were reported during the 2015–2016 through 2018–2019 academic years. The median time to authorized unrestricted RTP was 11 days for all patients. Approximately 30% of concussed student-athletes were not cleared for unrestricted RTP by 14 days after their SRC diagnosis, with 13% taking longer than 21 days to return to unrestricted RTP after SRC.

Conclusions

The results from this multisite, state-based injury surveillance system indicated that it is not abnormal for high school student-athletes to take longer than 14 days to fully recover from an SRC. This information may be useful for educating high school student-athletes and sport stakeholders, normalizing SRC recovery trajectory perceptions, and establishing realistic RTP timeline expectations.
Effect of immersion in hydrochloric acid and sodium hypochlorite and autoclave sterilization on the force characteristics of orthodontic nickel-titanium open coils
Authors: Noorollahian Saeed , Zakizade Mehrnaz
Published: February 2021

Background:

Nickel-titanium (NiTi) open coils are common tools in fixed orthodontic treatments to apply light and continuous forces. Their favorable mechanical properties and their relatively high cost have prompted many clinicians to decide to reuse them.

Aim:

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of 10% hydrochloric acid (HCl) and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) solution and sterilization, on the unloading force of NiTi open-coils.

Materials and Methods:

This experimental in vitro study consisted of 160 NiTi open coils from two brands of Highland Metals and Masel were provided. Each group was randomly divided into four subgroups: control, three rounds of immersion, three rounds of autoclave sterilization, and three rounds of immersion and autoclaving. Each round of immersion process included 1 min in 10% HCl, followed by 5 min in 5.25% NaClO. Spring was compressed for 4 mm. Then, the unloading forces of each spring were recorded at 4, 3, 2, and 1 mm of compression, respectively. The data were analyzed with SPSS (P < 0.05), using one-way ANOVA and independent t-test.

Results:

One-way ANOVA showed a significant difference in the 2-mm compression of Group 1 and 3-mm compressions of Groups 1 and 2 compared to the control group in the Highland metals brand (P < 0.04, P < 0.014, and P < 0.007, respectively). There was no significant difference between the different compressed lengths and groups in the Masel brand.

Conclusion:

One-minute immersion in 10% HCL and 5-min immersion in 5.25% NaOCl, followed by autoclave sterilization, even after repeating the process three times, did not significantly change the force properties of NiTi open springs. Therefore, the re-use of these springs with the above-mentioned method as preparation can be recommended.
Biocompatibility of several colloidal solutions containing nanoparticles on human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Eslami Neda , Fasihi Fatemeh , Jamalinasab Abdollah , Ahrari Farzaneh
Published: February 2021

Background:

There is little information concerning the biocompatibility of mouthwashes containing metal nanoparticles. This study was conducted to assess the biocompatibility of colloidal solutions containing zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and silver (Ag) nanoparticles compared with chlorhexidine (CHX) in a culture of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).

Materials and Methods:

This was an in vitro, experimental study. Nanoparticles, including ZnO, CuO, TiO2, and Ag, were purchased and added to a water-based solution to produce mouthwashes. The colloidal solutions and CHX were prepared at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis. Cytotoxicity was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on HGFs at the concentrations of MIC, 0.1 MIC, and 0.01 MIC. To determine apoptosis, DNA fragmentation was assessed as “sub-G1” peak on DNA content histogram. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis at P < 0.05.

Results:

At all concentrations, the highest and lowest mean of cell viability was related to TiO2 and ZnO groups, respectively. At MIC, the mean cell viability was significantly greater in the TiO2 group than the other groups (except the Ag group) (P < 0.05). At the concentration of 0.01 MIC, the mean cell viability in the colloidal solution containing ZnO nanoparticles was significantly lower than the other solutions (P < 0.05). The CHX and CuO-containing solution displayed the highest rate of apoptosis among the groups.

Conclusion:

The TiO2-containing solution can be suggested as a suitable alternative to CHX to provide antiseptic effects with minimal toxicity.
Surgical management of pediatric cervical angular kyphosis with 540° approach and metacarpal plate: A case report and introduction of a novel technique
Authors: Zarei Mohammad , Moosavi Mersad , Rahimi Nima , Rostami Mohsen
Published: February 2021

Surgical decompression, deformity correction, and instrumentation of the upper cervical spine are challenging problems in cervical kyphosis, especially in infants and pediatrics. According to patients' age, surgical exposure is difficult and selecting the appropriate instrument for rigid fixation is crucial. In this article, we present a case of 2 years old with cervical angular kyphosis, which was approached posteriorly at first. Through posterior approach, C3–C5 laminectomy with complete excision of spinous process was performed. Then, the patient's position was changed to supine and C3–C5 corpectomies were performed anteriorly with a longitudinal incision, and the thecal sac was decompressed. A titanium cage with appropriate size and graft was placed after possible deformity correction conducted with head traction and neck extension. Anterior fixation was performed with two, 2-mm T-shaped metacarpal plates with two screws in C2 and four screws in C6. The patient's position was changed to prone again, and posterior fixation was done with two metacarpal plates located on lateral masses. We showed that a novel technique in correction and fixation of cervical kyphosis in pediatric is using metacarpal plates while they are fixed to lateral masses.
Ruptured tentorium originating masson tumor
Authors: Sekmen Haydar , Doğan Ihsan , Mammadkhanli Orkhan , Erden Esra , Tuna Hakan
Published: February 2021

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) also known as Masson's tumor, is a benign, slow growing, vascular lesion which is seen very rarely and only a few cases have been reported intracranially in the literature. It has been reported at many sites, but the posterior fossa involvement is very rare. The preoperative diagnosis is very difficult, as there is no enough cases to achieve a clear understanding about the details of its radiological findings. Differential diagnosis have to be made especially from angiosarcoma and meningioma. It is curable by total surgical removal. In this article we presented the characteristic clinical, radiological, perioperative and pathological findings in a case of IPEH in an unusual location, origin and behavior. To best of our knowledge, we presented the first case of IPEH originating from tentorium.
A rare case of right trigeminal neuralgia due to dural arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Ghodasara Sagar , Balasubramanian Rohit , Poyyamoli Santhosh
Published: February 2021

Trigeminal neuralgia (TGN) is often caused by a neurovascular conflict at the root entry zone of the fifth nerve. Dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) accounts for 3%–4% cases of TGN. We report a posttraumatic head injury patient, presenting with gait ataxia and right facial pain. Radiographic evidence with magnetic resonance imaging and digital subtraction angiography was suggestive of DAVF. Surgical clipping and obliteration of fistula alleviated the TGN.
Inguinal hernia containing hemorrhagic ovarian cyst in an adolescent
Authors: Chauhan Rohit , Saurabh Amritanshu , Yadav Vikash
Published: February 2021

Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common procedures done in the surgical discipline. The hernia sac commonly contains the omentum and small bowel as contents, but structures such as cecum, appendix, urinary bladder, Fallopian tubes, and ovary have been reported. We report an extremely rare presentation in our emergency of a right indirect irreducible inguinal hernia containing hemorrhagic ovarian cyst in an adolescent female. The inguinal region was explored, the cyst was excised, the contents were reduced, and a polypropylene mesh was laid. The preservation of reproductive organs and fertility with prompt surgical intervention is extremely important in such cases of inguinal hernia.
Robotic inguinal hernia repair in patients aged eighty and older
Authors: Kudsi Omar Yusef , Gokcal Fahri , Bou-Ayash Naseem
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:

Minimally invasive techniques, such as robotic inguinal hernia repair (RIHR), have potential benefits for patients in various clinical scenarios. However, the value of RIHR in older age groups has not yet been established, as increased age may place patients at a higher risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study is to evaluate the feasibility of RIHR in patients ≥80 years old.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Among patients who underwent RIHR between February 2013 and August 2020, patients ≥80 years old were included. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables were reviewed. Postoperative complications were assessed according to the Clavien–Dindo (CD) classification and the Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI®) scoring system. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the risk factors for patients with complications.

RESULTS:

A total of 51 patients were included in the study. The average operative time was 58.7 min. The average length of stay was 0.5 days. Urinary retention and seroma were the commonly encountered complications (CD Grades 1 and 2). A procedural intervention and overnight intensive care unit follow-up were needed in two patients for each (CD Grade-3a and-4a). The maximum morbidity CCI score was 43.3. There was no hernia recurrence or reoperation during the mean follow-up period of 42 months. No statistically significant difference was found between patients with and without complications.

CONCLUSION:

This is the first study to demonstrate the feasibility of RIHR in patients ≥ 80-year-old. Although advanced age is associated with increased comorbidities and physiological irregularities, RIHR may be performed with short operative time, length of hospital stay, and low rate of postoperative complications in these patients.
Case–control comparison of separation of component retrorectus urinary bladder extracellular surgical device hernia repair with acellular dermal matrix underlay and prosthetic mesh overlay hernia repair
Authors: Gonzalez Candace , Russo Nicholas , Hanna John P , Tran Thanh , Montera Beth , Chharath Khattiya , Saad Adham R , Velanovich Vic
Published: February 2021

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this study is to compare the complication rates and recurrence rates of two types of incisional hernia repairs by a single surgeon.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The medical records of all patients undergoing incisional hernia repair by the senior author were reviewed. Patients who underwent the biologic mesh underlay/synthetic mesh overlay (BUSO) “sandwich” repair and separation of components with retrorectus mesh (SOCRM) repair were assessed. Only Grades I, II, and III incisional hernias were included. The two groups were matched for age, sex, hernia size, and body mass index. The groups were compared for any 30-day complication, any adverse event in the follow-up period, and any recurrence as determined by physical examination or imaging.

RESULTS:

Fifty-six patients were successfully matched. There were no differences in the type of suture used, skin closure, dressing, or drain use. There was no difference in 30-day postoperative complications or discharge status. The BUSO group had a 29% recurrence rate, compared to 4% in the SOCRM group (P = 0.0248). However, the follow-up was longer in the BUSO group.

CONCLUSIONS:

The results of this study suggest that for incisional hernias not amenable to primary closure, SOCRM repair may be superior to even a two-mesh layer bridging repair.
Antifungal resistance profile and enzymatic activity of Candida species recovered from human and animal samples
Authors: Mba IE , Nweze EI
Published: February 2021

Candida is currently the most implicated pathogenic fungal species recognized as the major cause of a variety of human infections all over the world. This study investigated species distribution, enzymatic activities, and antifungal resistance profiles of human and animal Candida species. Clinical Candida species (n=220) were isolated from urine, high vaginal swab (HVS) and blood while Candida species (n=128) were isolated from rectal swab, ear swab, blood, feces, and milk in animals: goat, sheep, cattle, pig and chicken. The identification of the species was performed using standard methods. Enzymatic activity was screened using plate methods. Susceptibility testing was carried out using disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. A statistically significant difference (P=0.031) was observed in the distribution of Candida spp. recovered from humans and animals. The Pz values of human Candida species for proteinase, hemolysin, lipase and phospholipase were 0.65±0.97, 0.61±0.81, 0.59±0.47 and 0.76±0.74 respectively while that of Candida species recovered from animal were 0.67±0.13, 0.61±0.95, 0.62±0.67 and 0.69±0.70 respectively. No statistically significant difference (P>0.05) in the in vitro enzymatic activity was observed between the two groups. High azole-resistance rate was observed. Resistance was higher among human Candida isolates compared to animal isolates although the difference was not considered statistically significant (p = 0.519). Our findings suggest that the enzymatic activity (virulence potential) and resistance patterns are similar in the two groups investigated. This study underscores the importance of animals especially pets and their products as potential sources/reservoirs of pathogenic and multi-azole resistant Candida species in Nigeria.
The implications of the book of Acts 8:1-8 for the Nigerian Church
Authors: Stephen Adenigba Olatayo , Paul Kolawole Oladotun
Published: February 2021

During the early centuries CE of the Church, it was characterized by trials, contempt of the faithful and persecutions. Christians who were unwilling to compromise their faith were martyred in the process in the most terrible ways. The rationale behind this study is to focus on Christian persecution, especially beginning from the biblical context; in order to examine what Christian persecution is all about and what it is not. This research thus briefly examines the issue of persecution in the early Church with specific attention to Acts 8:1-8. An exegetical and descriptive methodology is explored in this research. The contemporary state of Nigeria is reflected the early church. This research not only discusses the issue of persecution in the early church, but also analyzes and places it side by side with such happenings in the nation of Nigeria today. In view of this, the contemporary Christians in Nigeria do and may in future also benefit a great deal from
the early Church’s experience.
Managing Internationalisation Tensions in Producer Cooperatives
Authors: Siedlok Frank , Elsahn Ziad , Callagher Lisa
Published: February 2021

Cooperatives, an important part of Oceania’s economies, are attracting renewed interest as an organisational form for addressing societal challenges. Yet that mission often depends on growth and internationalisation strategies, which introduce multiple tensions that can lead to an erosion of cooperative principles. How cooperatives can successfully manage such tensions arising from internationalisation has been understudied by IB scholars. Our study of Zespri shows that the transfer of cooperative principles is possible when internationalisation is viewed as an incremental process of learning and active managerial agency aimed at reconciling competing logics.
Letting Go of Data in Aboriginal Australia: Ethnography on “Rubber Time"
Authors: Zur Sara
Published: February 2021

While attempting to investigate modes of musical transmission among the Yol ŋ u People in Northeast Arnhem Land Australia, questions regarding the meaning of the word “research” led to the decisive abandonment of data collection. Specifically, the processes of observation, recording, and other typical Western means of genera ting data seemed to be in direct opposition to the way knowledge was traditionally shared. The author critically examines her multiple attempts at conducting this research, and discusses why eventually giving up on the research led to a more profound understanding.
“I Just See All Children as Children”: Teachers’ Perceptions About Inclusion
Authors: Leatherman Jane
Published: February 2021

This narrative study examined teachers’ perceptions of their inclusive classrooms. Eight early childhood teachers responded to open-ended interview questions about their experiences teaching children with and without disabilities in the same classroom environment. The social constructivist view of teaching and learning is highlighted as the teachers construct their knowledge of inclusion and how it meets the needs of children with disabilities in the inclusive environment. The following themes emerged from interview analysis: the inclusive classroom is a great place for children, the teacher needs additional education, the teacher needs support from administrators and to be included in decisions about the inclusive classroom, and positive experiences foster successful inclusive classrooms. Suggestions are offered for successful inclusive programs and future research.
A Hierarchy of Medicine: Health Strategies of Elder Khmer Refugees in the United States
Authors: Lewis Denise
Published: February 2021

This study addresses ways Khmer refugee elders utilize traditional herbal medicine with Western biomedicine in the treatment and prevention of illnesses. Methods include semi-structured and informal interviews with elders and family members, semi-structured interviews with local health care providers and Khmer physicians, and participant observation of everyday life and actions specific to health beliefs and behaviors. Data reveal a reliance on traditional medical ideology for understanding and treating illnesses. Utilizing a traditional ideology, Khmer elders rely heavily on traditional treatments and use Western biomedicine as supplements or adjuncts to traditional preventive and curative practices. This research has important implications for health care providers who treat SEA elders, especially for di et and treatment of chronic illnesses often associated with aging populations.
Two Autoethnographies: A Search for Understanding of Gender and Age
Authors: Klinker JoAnn , Todd Reese
Published: February 2021

The authors describe a project that illustrates the use of autoethnography as a research methodology to better understand their decisions to become professors. Strangers to one another, both authors discovered common motivations to make mid-life changes in opposition to cultural expectations. A review of the literature on epidemic theory, creativity, the women’s movement, role change, and life stage theory offer insight into the experiences that motivated them to reject their traditional cultural roles. Both also found a shared un willingness to accept invisibility, a common aspect of life for women over 40.
Research, Narrative and Fiction: Conference Story
Authors: Wyatt Jonathan
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this article is to contribute to the discussion concerning the value and validity of fiction, and arts-based approaches more broadly, as research. I offer this contribution through a narrative: Conference Story. The narrative involves its characters, in an Oxford pub, debating the merits and otherwise of Peter Clough’s (2002) book, Narratives and Fictions in Educational Research. The form, fictional narrative, performs and personifies this discussion. The article considers Clough’s purposes in undertaking and presenting his research in this form, the philosophical position(s) that underpin(s) it, the extent to which his narratives are indeed research, and how such research might be judged.
Conceptualizing from the Inside: Advantages, Complications, and Demands on Insider Positionality
Authors: Chavez Christina
Published: February 2021

The debate on insider/outsider positionality has raised issues about the methodological advantages and liabilities between the two, yet no clear account exists for what insider scholars can expect when they enter the field. First, I conceptualize how insider positionality can dually benefit and disadvantage the insider. Using a partial review of insider studies, including my study of my multigenerational Mexican American family, I also present a practical discussion on specific insider advantages and complications. In conclusion, I present a new approach to training novice insider scholars that will help them mediate between insider perspective and researcher position, an approach that promises greater rigor to insider research that will serve the goals of qualitative research for social justice in minority and indigenous communities.
Exploring the Enactment of Functional Curriculum in Self-Contained Cross-Categorical Programs: A Case Study
Authors: Bouck Emily
Published: February 2021

Little research has been devoted to studying functional curriculum in secondary special education programs, self-contained cross-categorical programs, or curriculum enactment in special education, which warrants study of the culmination of these issues. This article presents a case study that attempts to answer, “What is the nature of the enactment of functional curriculum in rural self-contained cross-categorical programs?” The study occurred in two rural secondary self-contained cross-categorical programs with two teachers, four paraprofessionals, and 15 students. The findings suggest that the curriculum was enacted in the moment, was relative, and created tensions between special education and general education. The findings also suggest that the enactment had to be very encompassing and that it developed a community within each programs.
Madhubani Art: A Journey of an Education Researcher Seeking Self-Development Answers through Art and Self-Study
Authors: Mittapalli Kavita , Samaras Anastasia
Published: February 2021

This study is situated within a self-study research methods course to scaffold doctoral students’ explorations of the intersections of their culture, and research interests using arts as a tool. Embracing the arts as a research method, the first author painted a self-portrait using the vibrant colors of Madhubani art which holds cultural significance to her. She utilized Blumer’s (1986) and Mead’s (1934) theory of symbolic interactionism to explain the process of her self-development as a researcher. Combining her self-portrait with an earlier research study proved valuable as a conduit for understanding and interpreting her work as a research methodologist. This study is valuable to others interested in studying their practice and research identity through an arts-based research method.
Physical Activity in Intermediate Schools: The Interplay of School Culture, Adolescent Challenges, and Athletic Elitism
Authors: MacQuarrie Colleen , Murnaghan Donna , MacLellan Debbie
Published: February 2021

The intervention potential of physical activity programs for intermediate schools (grades 7–9), could be enhanced by an understanding of how students engage with and disengage from physical activity. This study provides an interpretation of how adolescents, parents, teachers, and principals perceive students’ involvement in physical activity within their intermediate school environment. Thematic analyses of eighteen interview transcripts resulted in an interpretation of students’ continuum of engagement with or disengagement from physical activity. The continuum is reflective of a social process that is grounded in three key themes: school culture, social valuing of athletic elitism, and adolescent challenge.
The Use of Hermeneutics in a Mixed Methods Design
Authors: von Zweck Claudia , Paterson Margo , Pentland Wendy
Published: February 2021

Combining methods in a single study is becoming a more common practice because of the limitations of using only one approach to fully address all aspects of a research question. Hermeneutics in this paper is discussed in relation to a large national study that investigated issues influencing the ability of international graduates to work as occupational therapists in Canada. Using methods that reflect different ontological and epistemological beliefs was necessary to attain a comprehensive view of enablers and barriers that influence workforce integration. Hermeneutics proved to be a credible and flexible strategy for combining methods to create a deep understanding of acculturation issues for international occupational therapy graduates wishing to work in Canada.
A Qualitative Investigation of Pre-Service English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Teacher Opinions
Authors: Tercanlioglu Leyla
Published: February 2021

Pre-service English teacher education students’ perceptions of their education experience provide greater insight into developing an effective teaching strategy in English teacher education. The objectives for the study were: (1) to identify issues of interest or concern to the department and (2) to determine satisfaction levels concerning departmental issues. Data were drawn from focus group interviews involving 5 student- teachers in each of 5 groups. The findings showed that the English teacher education department students thought that the department was not fulfilling many of its purposes, although there were some strengths. Identifying what students think can help to open English teacher educators’ eyes and minds to the realities of the English teacher education both locally and globally.
El narrador transdiegético y otros procedimientos de la voz narrativa en Los cachorros, de Mario Vargas Llosa, como elementos de una representación verosímil de la realidad social
Authors: Valles Calatrava José R.
Published: February 2021

Tras una breve introducción sobre el rol de la realidad, la ficción y la memoria en Los cachorros (1967) de Vargas Llosa, este articulo estudia los cuatro procedimientos de la voz narrativa utilizados para enfatizar lingüística y narrativamente la dimensión semántica realista de la obra: una —aparente— nueva modalidad de narrador que he denominado transdiegético, la polifonía coral junto a la visión caleidoscópica, la yuxtaposición y nivelación de estilos y discursos y la inserción del sociolecto de la juventud limeña burguesa de la época.
César Vallejo en India
Authors: Prasad Ganguly Shyama
Published: February 2021

Uno de los estudiosos de la obra de César Vallejo, Jorge Puccinelli, en su valiosísimo
trabajo de recopilación de las “Crónicas y Artículos desde Europa” del poeta peruano,
comienza su introducción con las siguientes palabras:

“[...] en Vallejo se da la paradoja de ser a la vez el escritor más conocido y en algunos aspectos el menos conocido de la literatura peruana. Vastos sectores de su producción que en apreciable medida pueden contribuir a precisar su imagen, a definir algunos contornos borrosos, a confirmar o rectificar ciertos juicios y a esclarecer en definitiva su obra, continúan dispersos, inéditos, totalmente ignorados.”
Tracalada
Authors: Arrizabalaga Carlos
Published: February 2021

“Paco Yunque, sin soltar su libro, su cuaderno y su lápiz, se había quedado parado en medio del salón, entre las carpetas de los alumnos y el pupitre del profesor. Un remolino se le hacía la cabeza. Niños. Paredes amarillas. Grupos de niños. Vocerío. Silencio. Una tracalada de sillas.” Así nos presenta César Vallejo, en su primer día de colegio, al inolvidable protagonista de su relato más universal. En una edición argentina de Paco Yunque se anota para tracalada: “muchos objetos que hacen ruido” (2007: 36), pero como se ve en los ejemplos, el matiz ruidoso no forma parte de la acepción pero se le podría asociar libremente en virtud también a su etimología.
Nueva gramática de la lengua española. Real Academia Española y Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española. Espasa Libros, S.L.U., Madrid, 2009; Tomo I, 1960 pp. y Tomo II, 1925 pp.
Authors: Esquivel Villafana Jorge
Published: February 2021

Reseña

Nueva gramática de la lengua española. Real Academia Española y Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española. Espasa Libros, S.L.U., Madrid, 2009; Tomo I, 1960 pp. y Tomo II, 1925 pp.

Desde la aparición de la gramática académica (1711), la Real Academia Española (RAE) ha publicado numerosas ediciones de su gramática en las que se ha esforzado en analizar este maravilloso artificio denominado lengua logrando mejorar sus descripciones gramaticales, ampliar aquellos aspectos que merecían atención más detallada y asumir las mejores aportaciones de los gramáticos de cuño moderno.

Con la finalidad de saldar la deuda académica que significó el Esbozo de una nueva gramática de la lengua española(1973), la RAE se propuso la preparación paciente y rigurosa de esta Nueva gramática de la lengua española(2009), una obra colegiada de la Academia española y sus veintiún Academias hermanas. Su texto básico fue presentado en el XII Congreso de Medellín (Colombia) el 14 de marzo del 2007