bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depression and Related Clinical Factors in Adolescent Patients with Temporomandibular Disorder
Authors: Kim Tae-Seok , Lee Yeon-Hee
Published: August 2024

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a musculoskeletal disorder characterized by functional limitations and pain in the masticatory muscle and the temporomandibular joint. In adolescent, TMD can significantly impact mental health and lead to psychosocial disabilities. This study aims to investigate the correlation between the depression, as assessed by the Symptom-Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and clinical factors in adolescent patients with TMD. This study included a total of 185 adolescents (69 males, 116 females, mean age 15.15 ± 2.17) in Korea, who was diagnosed with TMD between November 2020 and May 2023. Patients were categorized into three age groups: 46 young adolescents aged 10–13, 78 middle adolescents aged 14–16, and 61 older adolescents aged 17–18. Clinical data were collected from the medical records at the patients’ initial visit. Depression of patients was evaluated with SCL-90-R. Depression of adolescent TMD patients exhibited strong correlation with age. In the adolescent TMD patients, depression scores were significantly associated with stressful conditions, sleep problems, dysfunction index, presence of tinnitus, craniomandibular index, history of trauma, and habitual irregular diet. In the generalized linear model, depression exhibited the most significant association with aging, followed by clenching habits, obsessive-compulsiveness, and somatization. In contrast, pain intensity and pain duration were not significantly related with depression in adolescent TMD patients. Also, osteoarthritis in panoramic image was not significantly associated with depression in adolescent TMD patients. The results suggest that clinicians can evaluate the depression state of adolescent TMD patients with concise clinical information, enhancing the management and treatment of this population.
Effects of puerarin on gait disturbance in a 6-hydroxydopamine rodent model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Kim Na-Hyun , Goto Yukiori , Lee Young-A
Published: August 2024

Background
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by dopamine neuronal dysfunction. Although dopamine agonists and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists are used to treat PD, chronic use causes severe side effects. Therefore, puerarin (PUE) affects the dopamine system and is a considerable candidate for PD; however, its therapeutic effects on PD-associated motor dysfunction remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of PUE treatment on motor dysfunction in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rodent PD model.
Methods
Adult male ICR mice received unilateral 6-OHDA microinfusion into the right medial forebrain bundle. After a 2-week recovery period, PUE (20 or 50 mg/kg) or the vehicle (saline, VEH) was intraperitoneally administered once daily for 3 weeks. Motor dysfunction was assessed using the locomotion, rotation, and gait cycle tests 2 weeks after PUE administration. Local field potential (LFP) was measured in the substantia nigra compacta (SNc), striatum (STR), subthalamic nucleus (STN), and primary motor cortex (M1).
Results
PD animals showed higher unidirectional rotation and abnormal gait cycle without locomotion change compared with sham surgery (control, CTR) animals. PUE treatment ameliorated the abnormal gait cycle of PD animals. These effects were different with DA agonist and NMDA receptor antagonist treatments. Moreover, PUE treatment induced no changes in attenuated LFPs of beta wave in the STR, STN, and M1, and coherence of delta wave between SNc-STN was shown in PD animals.
Conclusions
This study suggests that PUE is a beneficial co-therapeutic agent for alleviating gait disturbances via dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neurocircuitry in PD.
Processing Entities: Healing Practices and Body Conceptions in the New Age Group “Spiritual Technology”
Authors: Pinal Villanueva Maria
Published: August 2024

It is virtually impossible to conduct a holistic study of any religious phenomenon without considering its relationship with health, healing, and the body. In the case of New Age or self-denominated "Spiritual" groups, the role of health takes on an even more prominent role, acting as a soteriology or a cultural ideal. This paper focuses on the conceptions of the body, healing, and well-being held by members of the Serbian group "Spiritual Technology," founded by Živorad Mihajlović Slavinski in 1996, and their associated practices. Through an in-depth analysis of various texts authored by Slavinski, healing practices are considered as religious practices, divided into prevention and remediation practices, along with their subsequent stages (diagnosis, treatment, and prescription). Based on an energetic view of the body, where well-being and unwellness are concepts constantly renegotiated between healer and patient, the body is understood as composed of entities, which have been classified and divided in terms of their origin and their influences on humans. This research concludes that these ritualized practices contribute to the creation of ritual bodies as well as common narratives of corporeality, health, and even a shared worldview, serving as an interpretative framework to interact with the self and the surrounding world and, therefore, playing an important role in the formation of contemporary subjectivities.
Exploring the Socio-Technical Imaginary of Artificial General Intelligence in The Bard Large Language Model: A Narrative Analysis on Perspectives and Dialectics
Authors: Bojić Ljubiša
Published: August 2024

The 2022 release of ChatGPT sparked widespread discussions on Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Through a detailed examination of an interview with Bard, a large language model, the study uncovers narratives of optimism and pessimism regarding AGI's future implications. It found a higher leaning towards optimism about AGI's potential effects, extending from education, arts, and relationships, to economy and space exploration. Conversely, pessimistic views pointed out potential downsides, such as unemployment, political instability, and media manipulation. The study also identified four primary AGI themes - the relationship between humans and AGI, AGI acquiring a physical form, AGI simulating a universe, and the responsible utilization of AGI. These insights aid in understanding the complex socio-technical imaginary surrounding AGI. The study has its limitations as it is based solely on the responses provided by Bard during its test phase. Additional research may reveal changes in AGI discourse representation as the model evolves.
The Cultural Tradition of Zombification in Haiti: An Example of Film White Zombie
Authors: Mandić Marina
Published: August 2024

The well-known narrative of zombies, the reanimated monsters of contemporary popular culture, can be traced back to the late 1960s, or more specifically to the release of the film Night of the Living Dead (1968) by American director George A. Romero. However, at the time of the film's inception the term zombie was already widely present in American popular culture: the cinematography of voodoo zombie, created in Haiti through magic and psychoactive substances, appeared in America in 1932, with the release of the film White Zombie, based on the travelogue The Magic Island (1929), by American missionary William Seabrooke. The paper initially points to the social and historical circumstances that led to the spread of zombies in Haiti: as the first independent nation of the Western Hemisphere, Haiti at the beginning of the twentieth century became the subject of American imperialist strategies and a threat to the maintenance of hegemony, therefore in the texts of colonial travel writers it was described as a nation of savagery, black magic, powerful voodoo cults, and the reanimated dead. Cultural and racist stereotypes that were transmitted to the United States justified the American "civilizing" mission, i.e. political and economic interventions. The role of zombies in Haiti was that of a slave, a profitable workforce, used by local urban elites, voodoo sorcerers, and colonial regimes since the eighteenth century.  In this regard, my analysis highlights the ways in which White Zombie reproduces the established image of Haiti as an exotic place filled with mystery and dangers, adopts the dominant American viewpoints marked by discrimination and racism, and sets cultural norms of distinguishing between the civilized and the barbaric, whereby the white color of the skin reflects the norm of the civilized. To this end, the dialectic of slavery is emphasized in the film by the zombification of a young white woman, thus manifesting the tensions that existed between the imperialist powers and their "subjects" of enslavement, and emphasizing the unequal power relations between subordinate Haitian slaves and Westerners in high positions. Finally, the changes that have taken place over the decades of the zombie monster's development are highlighted: the zombie moves away from Haiti and approaches the modern world, and becomes a reanimated, highly infectious, cannibalistic monster of consumer society, that is, a monster of the global capitalist system.
Everyday Misanthropy: Attitudes towards Owning a Dog as a Pet in Today's Serbia
Authors: Žikić Bojan
Published: August 2024

Although the general thematic framework of this text is the relationship between humans and animals, the comments and testimonies about dogs presented in this text are, in fact, comments and testimonies about humans. Dog behavior represents a framework and an occasion for dealing with human behavior by commentators and respondents. It aims to highlight the inaction of what is being commented on or what is being said, whether it is seen through the perspective of people who own dogs, or that of people who do not and who consider the current practice of keeping them excessive. Not all comments and statements are unambiguously formulated according to the "for" and "against" principle of a given practice, but in spite of that, most of them have a clear value orientation in favor or against it. The commentators and respondents’ tendency to present their point of view as unbiased is the starting point of their discursive confrontation with the opinions and behaviors that they do not like. The final part of the procedure is the evaluation of other people in a way that it equates them with their attitudes: people are assessed based on the evaluation of how well their opinion aligns with the part of the worldview related to the specific topic being commented on by those who are evaluating. The purpose of the evaluation is to establish one's own statement about what the sociocultural normative should look like in terms of what is being commented on. The evaluation is based on personal views and experiences related to the behavior of the actors in the given practice – dogs and their owners – with the notion of what is culturally normal in this regard. The notion of cultural normality is based on what is perceived as common everyday interaction among people, guided by the idea of sociability, as well as on the knowledge of the legal regulations of the given area. The idea of the commentators and respondents is that it is possible to establish an ideal image of the behavior of dog owners, their pets, and the people they interact with in public in sociocultural everyday life. Respecting mutual needs in terms of using shared physical space, as well as maintaining hygiene in it, having a positive affective attitude towards both dogs and people, not disturbing others in any way, including unprovoked judgment, are the basic elements of this ideal image – regardless of the perspective from which it is viewed. Deviation from this in specific actions – whether it is not collecting feces after a dog's defecation, mocking dog owners for any reason, or anything else – is considered non-committal. Misanthropic attitudes, therefore, arise in the expected form of disdain for such behavior, or at least pointing out human mistakes.
Selective Abortions in Montenegro: Legal and Anthropological Analysis
Authors: Banović Jovana , Banović Branko
Published: August 2024

In the old Montenegrin masculine patriarchal culture, having children was one of the primary motivations for marriage. Women in labour faced significant community pressure to give birth to a male child, as evidenced by various ethnographic records and confirmed by contemporary anthropological research. Montenegro exhibits one of the most unbalanced ratios of newborn male to female babies among countries. This necessitates an analysis that integrates legal and anthropological perspectives on son preference. The article explores the socio-historical circumstances and modern expressions of the cult of the male child, followed by an examination of the legal implications of selective abortions. The legal dimension of abortion encompasses a broad normative framework, with the fundamental question concerning the boundary of legal protection in this area, i.e., the limit of state intervention in the personal sphere of individuals and citizens. The legal analysis will also include a reflection on the impact of criminal legal protection on this debate, particularly through the lens of the criminal offense of unlawful termination of pregnancy as stipulated in Article 150 of the Criminal Code of Montenegro. Considering the scope of rights to life, family, and reproduction, and recognizing that pregnancy termination motivated by sex selection is generally prohibited, yet this practice is widespread, the assumption is that the formal legal means to address this issue are limited. As this is a societal phenomenon involving sensitive legal, personal, cultural, religious, political, social, and moral issues, the paper discusses approaches for combating this practice.
Constitution of the "Kolo" Ensemble and Choreography of Traditional Dance – Anthropological Interpretation and Socio-Political Context
Authors: Rašić Miloš
Published: August 2024

The Ensemble of Folk Dances and Songs of Serbia "Kolo" was founded in 1948 in Belgrade, on the initiative of the Committee for Culture and Art of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. The task of the Ensemble was to artistically interpret and present the so-called folk artistic creativity, which predominantly encompassed various folklore creations of the rural population, on stage, in the country and abroad. Although seemingly simple and folk-oriented, the art of traditional dance choreography has clear ideological and politically important messages of the then state leadership embedded in it foundations, intended to be spread among the Yugoslavs, but also beyond the state borders. The ensemble was supposed to present a desirable and appropriate image of Yugoslavia in its performances.
The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the formation of the “Kolo” Ensemble and the process of constituting the art of traditional dance choreography, taking into account the socio-political and historical context of the Second Yugoslavia. In addition, the paper approaches the deconstruction of the intention of choreographers and artistic directors, in order to reveal the ideological messages embedded in the artistic expression. The basic assumption in this paper is that dance troupes and traditional dance choreographies are strongly connected to the ideology and cultural policy of the nation-state. In this regard, even when choreographers and artistic directors create programs without direct political-ideological objectives, their decisions always rely on the socio-political context and the dominant ideologies within the state.
The theoretical framework of the work is based on contemporary anthropological discussions about the concepts crucial for the interpretation of the material, primarily referring to the concept of ideology, understood in the Althusserian sense, but also to the ideas of the combination of state ideology, cultural policy, and dance with the aim of presenting the dance troupe with a desirable image of the nation-state. The methodology of the work consists of a combination of two approaches: classical anthropological, qualitative and archival research. Qualitative research includes conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with 15 dancers who worked in "Kolo" in different time contexts, while archival research included reviewing the documentation of the "Kolo" Ensemble, the Archives of Yugoslavia and the personal and family archives of the dancers.
Jazz Press in Serbia from 1953 to 1965
Authors: Milosavljević Ljubica
Published: August 2024

The aim of the paper was to introduce the specialized press oriented towards jazz music and its practitioners that was published from 1953 to 1965 on the territory of the Republic of Serbia. The marked period was chosen for consideration since it represents the most fruitful stage in the development of the press of a specific thematic profile, but also because of the significant changes in the entire Yugoslav society. These changes, as it was possible to show, influenced the complex processes that shaped the press of the time, as well as the attitude towards this musical genre and its practitioners. The processes in question include, first of all: certain internal political movements that consistently modeled the cultural policy of the time, within which jazz attempted to obtain a favorable position; integration of the former socialist state into polarized international currents that implied the use of jazz as a means of affirming the foreign policy orientation of Yugoslav society; and the creation of the operational power of artists for self-organization and the acquisition of certain labor and social rights within the Association of Jazz Musicians. The association was founded in 1953 in Belgrade with the aim of advocating for the rights of contemporary musicians, while at the same time initiating the publication of the first newspaper Jazz: Journal of Popular and Jazz Music (Jazz. List za pitanja zabavne i džez muzike). Under this name, the journal was published from 1953 to 1954, and during the publication period from 1957 to 1958 it changed its name to Bulletin of the Association of Jazz Musicians (Bilten Udruženja Jazz muzičara). After that, in Novi Sad, in 1962, Rhythm – Yugoslav Review of Jazz and Popular Music (Ritam – Jugoslovenska revija za džez i zabavnu muziku) began to be publish by NIP Dnevnik, and later changed its name to Rhythm – Yugoslav Review of Popular Music (Ritam – Jugoslovenska revija za zabavnu muziku), under which it continued to be published until it ceased publication in 1965.
Tiempo, movimiento y alma en Aristóteles: ¿es el movimiento condición suficiente de la existencia del tiempo?
Authors: Llovet-Abascal José María
Published: August 2024

En este artículo discuto las condiciones de posibilidad de la existencia del tiempo tal como lo entiende Aristóteles en Física IV, 10-14. Con este propósito, presento tres experimentos mentales que ayudan a esclarecer la naturaleza del tiempo. De acuerdo con mi lectura, el movimiento no es condición suficiente de la existencia del tiempo, pero sí lo es, en cambio, que el movimiento pueda ser medido —aunque no lo sea efectivamente—. Hay tiempo cuando un movimiento cualquiera puede ser puesto en una relación de proporción con algún otro movimiento.
La “razón de ser” o justificación de la existencia judía: una lectura de “Être juif” de Emmanuel Levinas
Authors: Ríos Flores Pablo
Published: August 2024

En 1947, Emmanuel Levinas publica un breve ensayo titulado “Ser judío” (“Être juif”) en la revista Confluences. A partir de una reflexión sobre la “cuestión” o “problema judío” (Judenfrage), se pregunta por la “razón de ser” o justificación de la existencia judía. Su ensayo ha sido objeto de una reapropiación por parte de algunos intérpretes que hacen de la afirmación de Levinas de “ser judío” el punto de apoyo para una conversión ontológica o heideggerianización de su pensamiento. El presente artículo analiza críticamente una de estas perspectivas hermenéuticas, la lectura de Sarah Hammerschlag, atendiendo a dos cuestiones decisivas abiertas por el texto de Levinas: la de la identidad judía y la del judaísmo en la historia. Expone una aproximación alternativa al texto de 1947 que supone otro modo de comprender el sentido de los análisis de Levinas sobre ser judío.
Dinero y representación. Una relectura de la teoría del dinero de los Grundrisse
Authors: Sucksdorf Cristián
Published: August 2024

Este artículo aborda la teoría del dinero que Marx desarrolla en el cuaderno I de los Grundrisse a partir de una hipótesis de lectura general que denomino “problema de la representación”. Esta alude al proceso histórico de sustitución creciente de las interrelaciones fundantes de los cuerpos por su forma representada. El artículo muestra que este problema aparece, en primer lugar, en la crítica de Marx a Alfred Darimon, cuyo eje central son las contradicciones reales que “ponen” al dinero y que este, al mismo tiempo, determina; en segundo lugar, aparece respecto del carácter del dinero como “mero signo” que da lugar a una “generalidad real”; finalmente, se le puede ver en las tres dimensiones de la representación (imaginaria, real y simbólica) que se desprenden de la génesis histórica del dinero y que sostienen, a su vez, sus tres funciones (medida, circulación y atesoramiento).
Sinonim dalam Berita Agama pada Media Online BBC Arabic
Authors: Musyarrof Muhammad 'Azmi , Safitri Dewi Nur , Alifah Heny Nur , Kamil Ahmad Zulfa
Published: August 2024

This research aims to identify and collect synonyms in religious news about Hajj published in BBC Arabic online media. The method used is a descriptive qualitative, focusing on lexical cohesion analysis involving synonyms. The primary purpose of this research is to understand the variation of synonym usage in the context of religious news about Hajj and to classify the types of synonyms found. Data for this research was collected through documentation, using sources from news published by BBC Arabic. The research results indicate that 14 synonyms were found in the news. These synonyms can be classified into several types, including similar synonyms (Shibhu al-tarāduf), semantic relationship types (Al-taqārub al-dalālī), implication types (Istilzām), paraphrase types), and interpretation. This analysis provides a deeper understanding of the use of synonyms in the context of religious news about Hajj. It shows the richness of the Arabic language in conveying information on the topic. This research has important implications in linguistics, especially in understanding how synonyms are used in specific religious news contexts. This research also significantly contributes to the development of text analysis methodology and Arabic language research in general libraries.
Effectiveness of Arabic Learning in Vocational School on the Mecors Assessment Scale
Authors: Aini Tuti Qurrotul , Rosyada Maziya , Nuha Zulfa Kamilatun , Inayah Inayah
Published: August 2024

This research stems from the urgency of effectiveness in learning Arabic as a foreign language for students in Indonesian schools. The learning design aims to achieve pre-set competencies and goals, thus ensuring effective learning. The purpose of this research is first to know the implementation of Arabic language learning at SMK Islamic Center Baiturahman Semarang and second to know the effectiveness of Arabic language learning at SMK Islamic Center Baiturahman Semarang in terms of process and results. The type of research conducted is field research with an analytic descriptive qualitative approach. We conducted the study at SMK Islamic Center Baiturahman Semarang. Data were collected using observation, interview, test, and documentation methods. Data analysis involves making field notes and giving codes; collecting, sorting, classifying, synthesizing, summarizing, and indexing data; providing interpretation so that the data categories have meaning; looking for and suggesting patterns and relationships; and making general findings. The findings of this study are the implementation of Arabic language learning at SMK Islamic Center Baiturahman, which refers to the curriculum used and follows the process standards even though it could be better. According to the MECORS rating scale, the effectiveness of integrated learning is quite adequate based on teachers' basic teaching skills. The prerequisites of effective learning according to Al-Khuliy's criteria in the category are well met.
Domestic abuse and portrayal of Japanese Women's mistreatment in Junji Ito's 'Whispering Woman'
Authors: Ghalia Keika
Published: August 2024

There are many authors, writers, or illustrators who slip a hidden message based on their cultural background in their works. Junji Ito is one of them, and many of his works are Japanese-based, because of his background, Whispering Woman is one of them. However, Junji Ito is adding more depth to his story, since he is a horror mangaka, Junji Ito puts Japan’s dark side to his stories. In this case, he unveils much more about women's hardships and struggles. Interestingly, Japanese women often get a lot of mistreatment and domestic abuse because of patriarchal normalization in Japan. He created Whispering Woman for people to understand the deeper meaning and point of view, mixing them with horror particles.  The primary purpose of this research is to open the eyes of the readers, diving into the depth of the story, and deciphering cultural portrayals of Japanese women's struggle and hardship. The character in this story, Mitsu Uchida, is a representation of what women have been going through, trapping the desire for freedom in themselves, expressing them in another manner, even relatable tiny gestures can be found in Junji Ito’s illustration of each panel.
Method for synthesis of models for assessing the state of ram memory of operators of human-machine systems based on fuzzy decision making logic
Authors: Korenevsky N. A. , Rybakov A. Y. , Rodionova S. N. , Razumova K. V.
Published: August 2024

The purpose of the researchis to develop a method for synthesizing models for assessing the state of RAM of operators of human-machine systems, the use of which in the decisive rules for predicting and diagnosing the states of RAM and its blocks ensures an increase in the quality of decisions made.Methods.To monitor the state of various RAM blocks, the following set of techniques was selected: searching for a signal in noise; "identification"; full reproduction; identification of missing digits; Memory. To select an adequate mathematical research apparatus, an exploratory analysis of the structure of the processed data was carried out, during which it was found that the selected classes of RAM states are of a fuzzy nature with uncertain boundaries of their intersections. Taking into account the peculiarities of the processed data, the selected methodology was modified by developing a new method for fuzzy assessment of the state of RAM based on the characteristics of its properties in combination with informative features characterizing the ergonomics of the workplace, the environmental component and individual risk factors.Results.In the course of the research, a model was synthesized for predicting the appearance and development of dysfunctions of RAM in operators of information-rich systems, characterized by the use of indicators characterizing the state of RAM blocks as predictors, which allows one to obtain confidence in the correct decision-making of no worse than 0,85.Conclusion.In the course of the studies, it was shown that in order to improve the quality indicators of forecasting and diagnosing the states of RAM and its blocks, when synthesizing the corresponding decision rules, indicators characterizing the state of RAM blocks, energy imbalance of BAP, ergonomic and individual risk factors should be taken into account. With this approach, in forecasting problems, confidence in the correct decision-making is achieved at least 0,85. In the tasks of diagnosing the early stages of RAM disorders among operators of information-rich systems, confidence in correct decision-making exceeds 0,95.
Modeling of functional language interpreter with metaprogramming
Authors: Chaplygin A. A.
Published: August 2024

The purpose of the research consists of modeling an interpreter for a functional programming language with metaprogramming capabilities and analyzing ways to implement primitive operators based on macros.Methods. A formal model of a functional language interpreter, which is a subset of Common Lisp, was developed with denotational semantics, which allows you to accurately describe the behavior of the interpreter when calculating language elements such as quoting, accessing variables, sequence of actions, branching, assignment, abstraction, application.Results. Based on denotational semantics, the architecture of a functional language interpreter with metaprogramming capabilities was developed. Numbers, symbols, pairs, strings and arrays were chosen as the basic types of objects. To store objects, a tag architecture was used, where the low-order bits of the object address are always zero, so they can store the object type code and the tag bit. Objects are allocated and freed automatically: a mark and cleanup algorithm is used for garbage collection. Using macros, branching operators, complete and incomplete, selection operator, and block operators of related variables were implemented. Conclusion. As a result of the work, a functional language interpreter with metaprogramming capabilities was implemented. Using macros, primitive operators of condition, selection, and a block of related variables were implemented. Using these operators as an example, it is shown that using metaprogramming, only basic forms and primitives can be built into the interpreter, and the other operators can be implemented using metaprogramming, which makes it possible to simplify and reduce the amount of interpreter code.
Assessment of flight range and transmission of video information when monitoring emergency situations from an unmanned aircraft in difficult meteorological conditions
Authors: Alempiev M. Y. , Semenova A. E. , Koptev D. S. , Dovbnya V. G.
Published: August 2024

The purpose of research. Modern unmanned aerial vehicles of various types provide the ability to perform various tasks of operational information collection, monitoring the state of the environment, technological facilities and territories, updating data on these facilities, as well as for reconnaissance and monitoring their condition. The purpose of the study is to establish the maximum flight range and distance necessary for the organization of a communication channel through which the video stream and flight control commands using the KAM-16 Turbo ¾ method will be transmitted between the ground control complex and the unmanned aerial vehicle in a difficult meteorological situation.Methods are based on the basics of radio electronics, diagnostics and forecasting of the technical condition of aircraft. The methods of multicriteria analysis, parametric and structural synthesis were used. The principles of transmitting video images from drones used to monitor emergency situations were studied. A critical assessment of the maximum flight range of an unmanned aerial vehicle in a difficult meteorological situation was carried out.Results. Analytical formulas for determining the energy potential of a data transmission channel in line of sight are presented. Graphs of the dependence of the energy reserve in the data transmission channel between the unmanned aerial vehicle and the ground control system are presented, which make it possible to determine the maximum distance for transmitting video images in Full HD quality in the 2.4 GHz band. Calculations were carried out on the basis of complex analytical expressions and graphical dependences of the flight range of a micro UAV on the speed of tailwind and headwind were constructed. The maximum headwind speed is calculated, which does not allow the use of micro UAVs in blizzard conditions.Conclusion. A promising area of study of the use of UAV in emergency monitoring are micro-class copters capable of detecting victims by transmitting video information from a thermal imager during search and rescue operations in difficult weather conditions, such as snowstorms.
Development of a method for recognizing emotions from a speech signal
Authors: Kravchuk D. A.
Published: August 2024

The purpose of research is automatic recognition of the speaker's emotions, based on the processing of sound recordings intended for use in alarm systems when working with operators of locomotive crews and dispatch services.Methods. Human emotion recognition has been a rapidly developing area of research in recent years. Features of the vocal tract, such as sound power, formant frequencies, are used to detect certain emotions with good accuracy. A method was used to determine the signal energy by highlighting the dominant frequency. The work has developed a program code, on the basis of which an analysis of four emotions is given - anger, joy, fear and calm. The most important and difficult step is to determine the features most suitable for distinguishing emotions and the availability of databases. Collecting databases is a complex task requiring the manifestation of sincerity of emotions. Often, the collection of a database takes place in an artificial environment and the speech may sound staged; to eliminate such problems, it is necessary to use call center recordings.Results. Recordings of basic emotional states, such as anger, joy, sadness, fear and surprise, which are the most common case of the study, were obtained and processed. The developed software code allows us to get closer to automatically determining emotions from a speech signal. To analyze speech recordings in samples, indicators of signal energy and identification of the dominant frequency were used.Conclusion. The implemented method of monitoring the emotional state of a human operator using a speech signal is widely used in the prevention and improvement of indicators of the psychophysiological professional suitability of locomotive crew workers and the preservation of their professional health. Distinct differences are observed in the characteristics of all types of emotions.
Using Large Language Models to Detect Depression From User-Generated Diary Text Data as a Novel Approach in Digital Mental Health Screening: Instrument Validation Study
Authors: Shin Daun , Kim Hyoseung , Lee Seunghwan , Cho Younhee , Jung Whanbo
Published: August 2024

Background

Depressive disorders have substantial global implications, leading to various social consequences, including decreased occupational productivity and a high disability burden. Early detection and intervention for clinically significant depression have gained attention; however, the existing depression screening tools, such as the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, have limitations in objectivity and accuracy. Therefore, researchers are identifying objective indicators of depression, including image analysis, blood biomarkers, and ecological momentary assessments (EMAs). Among EMAs, user-generated text data, particularly from diary writing, have emerged as a clinically significant and analyzable source for detecting or diagnosing depression, leveraging advancements in large language models such as ChatGPT.

Objective

We aimed to detect depression based on user-generated diary text through an emotional diary writing app using a large language model (LLM). We aimed to validate the value of the semistructured diary text data as an EMA data source.

Methods

Participants were assessed for depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire and suicide risk was evaluated using the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation before starting and after completing the 2-week diary writing period. The text data from the daily diaries were also used in the analysis. The performance of leading LLMs, such as ChatGPT with GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, was assessed with and without GPT-3.5 fine-tuning on the training data set. The model performance comparison involved the use of chain-of-thought and zero-shot prompting to analyze the text structure and content.

Results

We used 428 diaries from 91 participants; GPT-3.5 fine-tuning demonstrated superior performance in depression detection, achieving an accuracy of 0.902 and a specificity of 0.955. However, the balanced accuracy was the highest (0.844) for GPT-3.5 without fine-tuning and prompt techniques; it displayed a recall of 0.929.

Conclusions

Both GPT-3.5 and GPT-4.0 demonstrated relatively reasonable performance in recognizing the risk of depression based on diaries. Our findings highlight the potential clinical usefulness of user-generated text data for detecting depression. In addition to measurable indicators, such as step count and physical activity, future research should increasingly emphasize qualitative digital expression.
The Most Effective Interventions for Classification Model Development to Predict Chat Outcomes Based on the Conversation Content in Online Suicide Prevention Chats: Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Salmi Salim , Mérelle Saskia , Gilissen Renske , van der Mei Rob , Bhulai Sandjai
Published: August 2024

Background

For the provision of optimal care in a suicide prevention helpline, it is important to know what contributes to positive or negative effects on help seekers. Helplines can often be contacted through text-based chat services, which produce large amounts of text data for use in large-scale analysis.

Objective

We trained a machine learning classification model to predict chat outcomes based on the content of the chat conversations in suicide helplines and identified the counsellor utterances that had the most impact on its outputs.

Methods

From August 2021 until January 2023, help seekers (N=6903) scored themselves on factors known to be associated with suicidality (eg, hopelessness, feeling entrapped, will to live) before and after a chat conversation with the suicide prevention helpline in the Netherlands (113 Suicide Prevention). Machine learning text analysis was used to predict help seeker scores on these factors. Using 2 approaches for interpreting machine learning models, we identified text messages from helpers in a chat that contributed the most to the prediction of the model.

Results

According to the machine learning model, helpers’ positive affirmations and expressing involvement contributed to improved scores of the help seekers. Use of macros and ending the chat prematurely due to the help seeker being in an unsafe situation had negative effects on help seekers.

Conclusions

This study reveals insights for improving helpline chats, emphasizing the value of an evocative style with questions, positive affirmations, and practical advice. It also underscores the potential of machine learning in helpline chat analysis.
Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Modifying Nitrous Oxide Delivery at Stanford: Observational, Pilot Intervention Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kraybill Eric P , Chen David , Khan Saadat , Kalra Praveen
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Inhalational anesthetic agents are a major source of potent greenhouse gases in the medical sector, and reducing their emissions is a readily addressable goal. Nitrous oxide (N2O) has a long environmental half-life relative to carbon dioxide combined with a low clinical potency, leading to relatively large amounts of N2O being stored in cryogenic tanks and H cylinders for use, increasing the chance of pollution through leaks. Building on previous findings, Stanford Health Care’s (SHC’s) N2O emissions were analyzed at 2 campuses and targeted for waste reduction as a precursor to system-wide reductions.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to determine the extent of N2O pollution at SHC and subsequently whether using E-cylinders for N2O storage and delivery at the point of care in SHC’s ambulatory surgery centers could reduce system-wide emissions.

METHODS

In phase 1, total SHC (Palo Alto, California) N2O purchase data for calendar year 2022 were collected and compared (volume and cost) to total Palo Alto clinical delivery data using Epic electronic health records. In phase 2, a pilot study was conducted in the 8 operating rooms of SHC campus A (Redwood City). The central N2O pipelines were disconnected, and E-cylinders were used in each operating room. E-cylinders were weighed before and after use on a weekly basis for comparison to Epic N2O delivery data over a 5-week period. In phase 3, after successful implementation, the same methodology was applied to campus B, one of 3 facilities in Palo Alto.

RESULTS

In phase 1, total N2O purchased in 2022 was 8,217,449 L (33,201.8 lbs) at a total cost of US $63,298. Of this, only 780,882.2 L (9.5%) of N2O was delivered to patients, with 7,436,566.8 L (90.5%) or US $57,285 worth lost or wasted. In phase 2, the total mass of N2O use from E-cylinders was 7.4 lbs (1 lb N2O=247.5 L) or 1831.5 L at campus A. Epic data showed that the total N2O volume delivered was 1839.3 L (7.4 lbs). In phase 3, the total mass of N2O use from E-cylinders was 10.4 lbs or 2574 L at campus B (confirming reliability within error propagation margins). Epic data showed that the total N2O volume delivered was 2840.3 L (11.5 lbs). Over phases 2 and 3, total use for campuses A and B was less than the volume of 3 E-cylinders (1 E-cylinder=1590 L).

CONCLUSIONS

Converting N2O delivery from centralized storage to point-of-care E-cylinders dramatically reduced waste and expense with no detriment to patient care. Our results provide strong evidence for analyzing N2O storage in health care systems that rely on centralized storage, and consideration of E-cylinder implementation to reduce emissions. The reduction in N2O waste will help meet SHC’s goal of reducing scope 1 and 2 emissions by 50% before 2030.
The Representation of Children and Society in Chinese Fifth Generation Cinema: A Test of Semiotics in Film Interpretation
Authors: Zhu Yu
Published: August 2024

In the exploration of the representation of children and the influence stemming from the dominant ideology in Chinese cinema, I attempt to conduct this research using “semiotics”. The method in question is pretty useful in mirroring the meanings of my chosen stills from the Fifth Generation cinema and is able to set up some linkages with the social environment. The mainstream semiology works in the aspect of single elements and the social semiotics is in operation in the arena of interactive meaning-making among components as a whole. The Syntagmatic comparison keeps track of any slight changes happened to the children, the props serve as the signifiers of interpersonal relationships and power relations, the metaphor between the Tiananmen Square and the class in power acts as a shared code to take into account the external environment. However, semiotics is too dependent on the interpretative practice, and will not be strong enough without the participation of existing theories and Foucaultian analysis to take into account the particular historical discourse and power relations.
Study on Space and Identity in Wide Sargasso Sea
Authors: Lu Yuxuan
Published: August 2024

Jean Rhys’s Wide Sargasso Sea mainly tells the tragic fate of the white Creole woman Antoinette Cosway, dealing with problems of identity and inequality arising from French and British colonisation in the Caribbean. This novel serves not only as a narrative of personal tragedy but also as a spatially oriented exploration where the space is instrumental in shaping characters and reflecting colonial history. Based on the Space Theory and Homi K. Bhabha’s Postcolonial Theory, this paper endeavours to trace Antoinette’s journey across three significant spaces, explore how these spaces impact her identity and self-reconstruction under the patriarchal and racial oppression, and reveal the complex interactions between space and Antoinette’s identity in the novel, aiming to break down the binary oppositions in colonial discourse and understand the multiplicity and fluidity of identity.
The Concept of International Relations in Taoist Thought
Authors: Xiaolong Bai , Min He
Published: August 2024

In today’s world, exchanges between different countries and regions are becoming more frequent. With the increase in exchanges, interests and disputes have also emerged. We have seen the beauty of mutually beneficial cooperation, but also the tragedy of war. Today’s international order is a sovereign state-centered system based on the Westphalian system and the final result of World War II. Various international cooperation organizations established after World War II have promoted exchanges and cooperation between different countries and regions, but we have to admit that most countries still treat each other as their competitors, and national strength is still the most important support for national behavior. With global warming, marine pollution, ecological disasters, transnational The emergence of a series of global problems such as crime requires us to reflect on whether this international exchange model centered on national interests can effectively deal with global problems, and whether we are too focused on human beings themselves and forget that we are part of nature. Taoist thought, especially the system with “Tao” as the core expounded by Lao Tzu in the “Tao Te Ching”, has great reference value for our understanding of nature and the relationship between man and nature. He expounded the way and norms of communication between countries with “Tao” as the core, opening up a new perspective for us to understand international relations. This article attempts to explore the concept of international relations in Taoist thought and provide reference for broadening the international relations theory based on Taoist ideas.
Emerging Epidemic: Non-Smoker Lung Cancer in India\'s Urban Centres
Authors: G Suhasini , K Surender Reddy. , R Madhulekha. , T Ugandhar.
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Recent research has revealed a concerning trend in the incidence of lung cancer among non-smokers in India, particularly within urban centers. Contrary to the traditional association of lung cancer with smoking, a significant proportion of cases in India are now emerging in individuals with no history of tobacco use. This phenomenon is primarily attributed to severe air pollution, which has become a critical public health issue in many Indian cities. Rapid industrialization and urbanization have led to increased exposure to airborne pollutants, including fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and other carcinogens, which are now recognized as significant risk factors for lung cancer. Genetic predispositions further exacerbate this risk, with studies indicating that certain populations are more susceptible to developing lung cancer due to genetic mutations influenced by environmental exposures. These mutations and biomarkers, such as EGFR and ALK gene rearrangements, have been increasingly identified in Indian non-smoker lung cancer patients, providing critical insights into the disease's etiology and potential targeted therapies. India currently ranks fourth globally in lung cancer prevalence, with urban areas experiencing the highest growth rates. Projections suggest that the incidence of lung cancer will continue to rise, potentially reaching alarming levels by 2025. This emerging epidemic highlights the urgent need for comprehensive public health strategies to address air pollution and its associated health risks. Efforts must be directed towards reducing pollution levels through stringent regulatory measures, promoting cleaner technologies, and enhancing public awareness about the health impacts of air pollution. Additionally, implementing widespread screening programs and advancing research on genetic and environmental interactions can aid in early detection and personalized treatment approaches for affected individuals. In conclusion, the rising incidence of lung cancer among non-smokers in urban India signifies a shifting landscape in the disease's epidemiology. Addressing this public health challenge requires an integrated approach that combines environmental, genetic, and healthcare interventions to mitigate the growing burden of lung cancer in non-smoking populations.