bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of suitability map for managed aquifer recharge: Case study, West Delta, Egypt
Authors: Hani Heba Mohamed , El Din Mohamed M. Nour , Khalifa Abdelkawi , Elalfy Ezzat
Published: May 2023

Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is considered an innovative method for storing water in the subsurface. In this work, multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) was used to delineate potential groundwater recharge areas for MAR implementation in Western Delta using reclaimed wastewater. By employing geographical information systems (GIS) and pairwise comparison matrix (PCM), a modified approach was utilized for the development of the suitability map by capturing the interlinkages between a specified MAR technique (spreading methods) and MAR suitability mapping processes. The developed approach was created with a range of constraining and factorial considerations. Based on the findings, MAR potential recharge zones included four main suitability classes. The presence of high-suitability areas was mainly delineated in the northeast part, particularly around the left side of the Nile River valley. Areas of low suitability were located around the west-north side where the hydrological criterion seems to hinder the implementation due to the low productivity of the hydrogeologic layer. The developed methodology reflected the importance of specific determining factors (i.e., slope and depth to the water table) that govern the successful implementation of infiltration basins and maximize the benefits from soil aquifer treatments effects when taken into account with other hydrogeological and socio-economic variables.
Groundwater contaminant transport modeling using MODFLOW and MT3DMS: a case study in Rajshahi City
Authors: Chowdhury Anupam , Rahnuma Mumtahina
Published: May 2023

Rapidly growing urbanization and industrialization processes including man-made activities result in groundwater contamination that becomes unsafe for human use. In this study, the groundwater flow and contaminant migration through aquifers in Rajshahi City were modeled using MODFLOW and MT3DMS codes. ModelMuse, a graphical user interface (GUI), is used to run the codes and the hydrological and geological data of the region are used as the input parameters for the model. The travel distance of five selected contaminants such as chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), from the source (e.g. landfill site), were simulated corresponding to travel times of 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 50 years. The study results showed that the migration distance of the contaminants increases over time and follows a logarithmic trend. Among the contaminants, the model-predicted results show that the concentration of Cr and Pb in the groundwater varies more than 90% from their standards over the period of 50 years, which suggests that these two pollutants are the prime contaminants polluting groundwater in the coming future. This model can be used as an effective decision-making tool for the monitoring of groundwater contaminant transport for a specific location.
Assessment of pathogenic and nonpathogenic contaminants and their relative risks: the case of Dilla town water sources, Ethiopia
Authors: Gebreegziabher Blen Weldegebreal , Mergo Wakshuma Yadesa , Arega Birtukan Getahun
Published: May 2023

The state of positive health and wellbeing is impossible without safe water. This study was aimed to assess the quality of Dilla town water sources. A total of 108 water samples were collected from twelve sites and selected physical and chemical parameters were analyzed. Most of the physicochemical parameters were in the acceptable range for water quality of WHO and CES. Three sampling sites were contaminated by nitrate with concentration range 51.68–126.30 mg/L. The heavy metal analysis indicated that the levels of iron, zinc, manganese, and chromium in some of the sites exceed values of WHO standard concentrations in the range 0.506–5.773, 3.606–4.312, 0.194–0.588 and 0.053–0.098 mg/L respectively. While three heavy metals (mercury, arsenic and lead) were above the WHO limit in all the sites. The bacteriological analysis of all the water sources indicated microbial contamination, total count of the coliforms ranging from 3 to 80 MPN/100 mL. As per WHO criteria, some of the water sources were grouped in to high-risk. The cause of such contamination may be due to no treatment or poor processing system. Therefore, the need to Hygiene promotion programs, urgent and continuous monitoring is highly recommended.
ZABEZPIECZENIA TECHNICZNE GIER KOMPUTEROWYCH A UPRAWNIENIA GRACZY W PRAWIE UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ
Authors: Radomiński Konrad Stefan
Published: May 2023

W artykule podjęto próbę ustalenia, czy przepisy prawa unijnego odnoszące się do zabezpieczeń technicznych gier komputerowych skutecznie równoważą pozycje graczy i wydawców. Duże znaczenie społeczno-gospodarcze tego problemu w Europie pokazano, zestawiając informacje dotyczące liczby graczy i wartości rynkowej gier. Wysokie koszty ich tworzenia i związane z nimi ceny powodują silne narażenie gier na działania „piratów komputerowych”, przed czym są często chronione zabezpieczeniami technicznymi. Czyni to gry dogodnym, choć nie wolnym od kontrowersji, obszarem badań nad prawną regulacją takich zabezpieczeń. Ustalono, że w jej ramach szczególne znaczenie ma dyrektywa 2001/29/WE, która została wskazana jako właściwa do prawnej oceny zabezpieczeń technicznych gier w orzeczeniu TSUE w sprawie C-355/12. Analizowane przepisy, w szczególności art. 6 wskazanej dyrektywy, skonfrontowano z postanowieniami licencji globalnych wydawców gier posiadających platformy cyfrowej dystrybucji gier. Stwierdzono, że podmioty te z pomocą zabezpieczeń technicznych mogą kształtować faktyczne uprawnienia graczy w sposób mniej dla nich korzystny, niż stanowi prawo.
Okiem prokuratora romanisty, czyli recenzja książki Macieja Jońcy Rzymskie prawo karne. Instytucje, Wydawnictwo Werset, Lublin 2021, ISBN 978-83-67064-10-1, 218 s.
Authors: Kosior Wojciech
Published: May 2023

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Już starożytni Rzymianie... O tym, jak (nie) inspiruje prawo rzymskie. Già nell’antica Roma? ‒ Ovvero come il diritto romano non è sempre un modello. Sprawozdanie z konferencji ku pamięci Profesora Witolda Wołodkiewicza, Warszawa, 1-2 czerwca 2022 roku
Authors: Saracyn Wiktoria
Published: May 2023

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SPORNE KOSZTY TŁUMACZY W POSTĘPOWANIU KARNYM (ANALIZA PRZYPADKU)
Authors: Patora Krystyna
Published: May 2023

Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu są kwestie dotyczące kosztów tłumaczenia na podstawie rozporządzenia Ministra Sprawiedliwości z 24 stycznia 2005 r. w sprawie wynagrodzenia za czynności tłumacza przysięgłego. Omawiany akt prawny, pomimo jego zmiany, nadal nie jest aktem jasnym. Brak ten dotyczy w szczególności tych fragmentów tłumaczeń, które nie są nowym tłumaczeniem lub weryfikacją tłumaczenia dokonaną przez innego tłumacza. Z jednej strony koszty ponoszone w toku postępowania przygotowawczego winny odzwierciedlać rzeczywisty nakład pracy tłumacza od nakładów typowo technicznych, a z drugiej strony brak jasności w tym zakresie wprowadza niepotrzebny chaos, który jest przedmiotem sporów pomiędzy tłumaczem a organem decydującym o wysokości kosztów. Wydaje się, że wprowadzenie do § 2 ustępu 3 rozporządzenia Ministra Sprawiedliwości winno doprowadzić do ujednolicenia praktyki w tym zakresie, ale dodany nowy przepis nie jest jasno sformułowany. Dlatego też budzą wątpliwości te sytuacje, kiedy tłumacz nie dokonuje ani tłumaczenia tekstu, ani weryfikacji, ale korzysta ze swojego tłumaczenia i scala dokument jako całość. Czy wówczas ta część winna być rozliczona w wysokości 50% tłumaczenia? W prezentowanym artykule autorka dokonuje wykładni przepisów dotyczących tej sytuacji i stara się udzielić odpowiedzi w obrębie rozliczania tych kosztów tłumaczenia na etapie postępowania przygotowawczego.
TRANSFER NIEWYKORZYSTANEGO POTENCJAŁU ZABUDOWY JAKO ALTERNATYWA DLA WYWŁASZCZENIA W RAMACH MECHANIZMÓW OCHRONY OBSZARÓW CENNYCH PRZYRODNICZO ORAZ OBSZARÓW ROLNICZYCH W STANACH ZJEDNOCZONYCH AMERYKI
Authors: Kwiatkowski Wojciech
Published: May 2023

Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu omówienie podstawowych zasad ochrony kształtowania i ochrony środowiska przyrodniczego oraz obszarów rolnych w Stanach Zjednoczonych Ameryki (farm and land preservation eﬀort) poprzez wykorzystanie instytucji transferu niewykorzystanego potencjału zabudowy (transfer of development rights, TDR). Instytucja ta pozwala na umowne przeniesienie własności tego, co zgodnie z lokalnym prawem dotyczącym zagospodarowania przestrzennego (dalej rezolucja urbanistyczna) można na działce zbudować, na działkę położoną na terenie przeznaczonym pod zabudowę albo na rzecz specjalnego podmiotu agregującego ten potencjał. Rozwiązanie to, mające w USA par excellence stanowy rodowód i pierwotnie wykorzystywane jedynie w aglomeracjach miejskich, jest dziś istotną częścią stanowych i federalnych rozwiązań z zakresu ochrony terenów cennych przyrodniczo czy terenów rolniczych. Jest też przykładem mechanizmu rynkowego, który odpowiednio moderowany i wspierany przez organy władzy pozwala na osiągnięcie konkretnych celów bez sięgania przez nie do władczych narzędzi, jak regulacje czy administracyjne nakazy bądź zakazy.
PRZESZCZEP KSENOGENICZNY JAKO ALTERNATYWA DLA TRANSPLANTACJI NARZąDóW, TKANEK I KOMÓREK POCHODZENIA LUDZKIEGO
Authors: Chełmowska Paulina Wilhelmina
Published: May 2023

Terapia transplantacyjna uznawana jest powszechnie za jedną z najbardziej skutecznych metod leczenia schyłkowej niewydolności narządów. Współcześnie, dzięki rozwojowi nowoczesnych technik, jesteśmy w stanie przeszczepić praktycznie każdy narząd, tkankę czy komórkę. Głównym problemem, z którym zmaga się obecnie medycyna, jest jednak chroniczny niedobór materiału transplantacyjnego. Ilość dostępnych narządów, tkanek i komórek, które można by przeszczepić, jest bowiem ograniczona. Jako że zapotrzebowanie na przeszczep, zwłaszcza w krajach wysokorozwiniętych, nieustannie przewyższa podaż, potrzeba odnalezienia alternatywnego w stosunku do ludzkiego źródła materiału transplantacyjnego staje się coraz bardziej nagląca. Remedium na stale zwiększający się niedobór transplantatów może być ksenotransplantacja. Intensyfikacja badań w zakresie przeszczepień odzwierzęcych, jak również perspektywa ich powszechnego zastosowania zmuszają jednak do poddania pod rozwagę wszystkich wad i zalet tego typu terapii i rozstrzygnięcia pojawiających się w praktyce dylematów.
Statut jednolity sztucznej inteligencji
Authors: Świerczyński Marek , Więckowski Zbigniew
Published: May 2023

W artykule przedstawiono wnioski de lege ferenda dotyczące określenia jednolitego statutu sztucznej inteligencji, tj. uzasadnienie potrzeby i możliwości określenia właściwego prawa dla jak najszerszego zakresu zagadnień prawnych związanych ze sztuczną inteligencją. Autorzy omówili problem osobowości prawnej sztucznej inteligencji oraz zasadność ustanowienia statutu osobowego sztucznej inteligencji. W rozważaniach tych uwzględniono również klauzulę porządku publicznego oraz inne mechanizmy korygujące wyznaczenie właściwego prawa. Artykuł kończy analiza łączników norm kolizyjnych dla ustalenia jednolitego statutu sztucznej inteligencji.
Evaluation of Outcomes and Regression after Neovascularization Treatment for Non-type 1 Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Titawattanakul Yothin
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

To study the unfavorable outcomes and regression after neovascularization treatment for non-type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in a tertiary care facility in Thailand.

Methods:

A retrospective study was done of all infants undergoing screening and treatment for ROP at a tertiary referral center between July 2018 and June 2021 with follow-up for 60 weeks postmenstrual ages (PMA). The outcomes measured were unfavorable outcomes, including macula involving posterior retinal folds, macula involving retinal detachment, retrolental cicatrix formation, or a mass obscuring the view of the posterior pole, and the regression of ROP after treatment. The infants received neovascularization treatment (stage 3 ROP) within 72 h of diagnosis. The study also compared the unfavorable outcomes and regression between neovascularization in type 1 ROP and non-type 1 ROP subgroups.

Results:

There were 58 eyes of 31 infants that received neovascularization treatment that were included in the study. Of these 58 eyes, 41 had non-type 1 ROP, and 17 had type 1 ROP. 92.68% of the eyes treated for non-type 1 ROP had stage 3 ROP in zone II with pre-plus disease and 74.47% of the eyes treated for type 1 ROP had stage 3 ROP in zone II with plus disease. The mean gestational age and birth weight of the enrolled infants were 28.48 ± 1.99 weeks and 1165.32 ± 394.57 g, respectively. Unfavorable outcomes after neovascularization treatment occurred in three eyes (17.65%) in the type 1 ROP group, but there were no unfavorable outcomes in the non-type 1 ROP group (p=0.022); these three eyes were treated with laser indirect ophthalmoscopy (LIO) combined with Intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB). The non-type 1 ROP treated with laser LIO alone group had 100% regression, whereas type 1 ROP treated with LIO or combined LIO and IVT bevacizumab group had 82.35% regression. Progression after treatment without regression occurred in five eyes (29.41%) with type 1 ROP, but no progression occurred in eyes with non-type 1 ROP (p=0.001).

Conclusion:

Neovascularization treatment in non-type 1 ROP is useful for preventing unfavorable outcomes and achieving the regression of neovascularization, especially for diseases less severe than type 1 ROP. Moreover, neovascularization treatment in non-type 1 ROP can reduce the progression of ROP disease.
CAPACITY BUILDING OF HEALTH CADRES IN PREVENTING STUNTING IN DISASTER-PRONE AREAS (CASE IN SIDOMULYO VILLAGE, LUMAJANG REGENCY)
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Khotimah Husnul , Rahmawati Widya ,   Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Dewi Mustika ,   Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Puspitasari Diyah Ayu ,   Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Samichah Samichah ,   Biomedical Science Masters Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya,   Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital, Semarang
Published: May 2023

Stunting is a child development disorder characterized by a lack of optimal height due to malnutrition or recurrent infections. Stunting can have short and long-term impacts, including the disturbance of health problems, intelligence, risk of chronic disease, and decreased productivity. The purpose of the project: 1) Explore the problem of stunting, its causes and efforts to improve it in the activity area; 2) Increase the knowledge and skills of cadres related to early detection and management of stunting by cadres, maternal and child health, the practice of making MP-ASI B2SA, 3) Improve the completeness of POSYANDU’s equipment, and 4) Increase motivation, self-confidence, and cooperation of cadres. This activity involved 38 cadres from 7 POSYANDU and one regional midwife. The results of the FGD found cadres' understanding of stunting, 8 factors that cause it, and 5 efforts to prevent and overcome it. The results of the cadre training showed a significant increase in cadre knowledge scores of stunting prevention. The result of the practice of making MP-ASI B2SA is the cadres can make menus with attractive appearance and good taste. Fulfilment of Posyandu completeness, motivation, self-confidence, and cadre cooperation has been carried out, hope that in the future they can carry out their duties better. It can be concluded that the role of POSYANDU cadres plays an important role in preventing stunting in Sidomulyo Village, Pronojiwo Subdistrict, Lumajang Regency.
WEBINAR-BASED DENTAL HEALTH EDUCATION AT SD INSAN AMANAH
Authors:   Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Brawijaya, Fuadiyah Diena , Swastirani Astika ,   Department of Dentistry Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Brawijaya, Fatimah Fatimah ,   Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Brawijaya, Irwanti Siti Halimah Laili ,   Dentistry Professional Study Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Brawijaya, Laksono Krismaningrat ,   Dentistry Professional Study Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Brawijaya
Published: May 2023

Background: In 2014-2018, the prevalence of dental caries occurrence in Indonesia was reportedly high. No less than 63% of Indonesian people, especially children, had suffered from the mouth and dental diseases; one of which was dental caries. Oral health is very important for the body, if oral hygiene is not maintained properly, it will cause various diseases in the oral cavity, such as periodontal disease and dental caries. Therefore, education is needed on dental health and mouth in order to avoid dental and mouth disease, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. Promotive efforts can be done through daily oral health maintenance to support maximum health status during pandemic. One way to provide education is by using an online approach. The method of this study are providing education by webinar and assessing tests on dental and oral health knowledge in SD Insan Amanah Kota Malang. Aims: The purpose of this study was to see the effectiveness of online dental health education counseling on knowledge during the Covid-19 pandemic at elementary school. Methods: This research constitutes Quasy experimental. Samples were taken by purposive sampling, namely SD Insan Amanah class 3-6, with using the Wilcoxon test. Main Results: This study shows that dental health education counseling with a webinar method of effective knowledge with a sig p value of 0.056 (>0.05) which means there no change. There was not a statistical change, the data used a 95% confidence interval. Conclusion: The dental health education method for elementary school children with a webinar method isn’t significantly effective to improve knowledge about dental health.
SCHOOL HEALTH PROGRAMME FOR STUDENTS, TEACHERS, AND PARENTS IN ELEMENTARY TO IMPROVE ORAL HEALTH KNOWLEDGE IN MALANG
Authors:   Department of Dental Material, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia, Istikharoh Feni , Widodorini Trining , Rahmawati Yuanita Lely ,   Department of Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia, Wardani Sinta Candra ,   Department of Prosthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia, Rachmawati Ranny ,   Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia, Hakim Meilia Aquina ,   Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia, Irgananda Citra Insany ,   Department of Prosthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia
Published: May 2023

Dental and oral health has an important role in supporting the health of the human body. Diseases and disorders of the teeth in school-age children between 7-15 years are disturbances in growth and development. However, many factors still influence the occurrence of dental and oral problems. One of them is the lack of attention and knowledge. At the age of children, parents and teachers have an important role in guiding, providing understanding, reminding and providing facilities to maintain healthy teeth and mouth. Therefore, all three of them need to know to underlie the formation of behaviors that support children adopting a healthy lifestyle. Based on these conditions, we conducted community service to increase this knowledge through the School Health Program, which was implemented in 7 elementary schools in Malang City. In this activity, education was carried out for students, parents and teachers with a total of 325 participants. The results of this program show an increase in knowledge by students, teachers and parents. The knowledge conveyed included basic dental care recommendations such as brushing teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, managing good eating habits, staying away from bad habits that damage teeth and preventing dental caries as early as possible. After completing this activity, participants can adopt a healthy lifestyle to prevent problems with their teeth and mouth
Model Peluang Kecelakaan Mobil Penumpang pada Ruas Jalan Nasional Gempol Kabupaten Pasuruan
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Pradyavita Vicitra , Arifin Muhammad Zainul ,   Universitas Brawijaya, Abusini Sobri ,   Universitas Brawijaya
Published: May 2023

The increase in accidents is caused by a vehicle, humans, roads, and environmental factors. On the gempol national road in Pasuruan,Regency,0this;study;aims,to;identify;the;characteristics;of,car,drivers, roads, and opportunity models that cause accidents. Data analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) included 243 questionnaires of drivers who had experienced accidents. Road Characteristics based on user perceptions that focus on geometric conditions at the accident site are the most prevalent accident modeling results that affect accident intensity. If we want to reduce accident rates, we should prioritize addressing geometric conditions at accident sites, as well as socializing traffic awareness and installing signs in accident-prone areas.
Evaluasi Struktur Jembatan Gantung Pejalan Kaki Dumpoh, Magelang Jawa Tengah
Authors:   Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta, Masagala Algazt Aryad
Published: May 2023

The bridge analyzed is a suspension type with a function as a pedestrian bridge. The bridge has a total span of 53.75 m and a width of 1.8 m, steel construction with wooden deck. The service life factor, damage to the bridge frame, and overload are certainly a problem for this bridge structure. Evaluation of the structure using survey data from existing measurements at the bridge location, then analyzed using the SAP2000 program. The result is that all tower frames, girders, main cables, hangers, and bridge decks, the nominal capacity is still able to withstand the ultimate load. However, the deflection in the middle of the bridge span is 0.72 m and has exceeded the allowable deflection (L/200). So based on the results of the evaluation of the Dumpoh suspension bridge structure, the cross-sectional strength of the frame is still safe, but the stiffness of the deflection value does not meet.
Kajian Perbandingan Asesmen Green Building Bangunan Gedung Baru Menggunakan Sistem Greenship New Building Versi 1.2 dan Versi 2.0
Authors:   Institut Pertanian Bogor, Siadari Windu Nur Azzukhruf , Chairin Yudi ,   Institut Pertanian Bogor, Erizal Erizal ,   Institut Pertanian Bogor
Published: May 2023

Climate change is a problem that becomes an environmental issue in every government. Increased awareness of environmental issues has made green building construction an industry that has made many improvements to be more environmentally friendly. Green building construction in Indonesia can only be certified greenship new building version 1.2 issued by Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI). This research relates to the grenship new building which underwent a change from greenship new building version 1.2 to version 2.0 in 2019. Meanwhile, this study uses comparative and qualitative methods in discussing assessment points in greenship new building. The results of the study explained that there were additional points for the assessment criteria with 2%-3% weighted values increased from the previous criteria.
Analisis Efektivitas Kemampuan Pulih Mandiri Micro Crack pada Self-Healing Concrete
Authors:   Universitas Muhammadiyah Sukabumi, Setiawan Erfin , Wahyuni Yuni Sri ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Sukabumi, Kartika Nia ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Sukabumi
Published: May 2023

The development of Self-Healing Concrete technology is a solution to overcome anomalies in concrete structures such as Micro Crack and is a preventive measure to prevent concrete damage. This study analyzes the effectiveness of Self-Healing Concrete which has the ability to recover independently when Micro Crack occurs in exposed concrete. The ability to recover independently of micro cracks was analyzed using Laboratory-based Visual Research Methods (VRM). The results showed that the application of Bacillus Subtilis bacteria as a Healing Agent on exposed concrete was effectively used to overcome Micro Crack below 0.607 mm with self-recovery of 93.98% at the age of the test sample of 56 days. And the value of the ability to recover independently was strengthened by SEM-EDX data which showed the morphological structure of the development of mycobacterial spores that filled the Micro Crack cavity was Calcium Carbonate (Ca-K) compound.
Manejo agronómico: nutrición
Authors: Rochel Ortega Elizabeth , Rodríguez Blandón Jefersson Andrés , Suárez Villota Pedro David , Castillo Jorge Andrés
Published: May 2023

Suministro de los compuestos químicos que la planta requiere para su crecimiento y metabolismo, es decir, para su normal desarrollo.
Modernización de plantaciones improductivas: renovación y rehabilitación
Authors: Rochel Ortega Elizabeth , Rodríguez Blandón Jefersson Andrés , Suárez Villota Pedro David , Castillo Jorge Andrés , Ramírez Chamorro Luis Enrique
Published: May 2023

Con el fin de mejorar los sistemas de producción de cacao, se pueden aplicar las técnicas de rehabilitación y renovación. Incorporando copas de clones que mejoren las características agronómicas y aumenten los rendimientos por unidad de área.
Manejo agronómico: establecimiento del cultivo
Authors: Rochel Ortega Elizabeth , Rodríguez Blandón Jefersson Andrés , Suárez Villota Pedro David , Castillo Jorge Andrés
Published: May 2023

Una vez seleccionado el diseño del cultivo se debe hacer una preparación del terreno, para evitar problemas en el establecimiento y la producción.
Manejo integrado de artrópodos plaga: reconocimiento de especies y daños asociados al complejo de picudo
Authors: Bautista Montealegre Luis Gabriel , Betancourt Vásquez Mónica , Rodríguez Blandón Jefersson Andrés , Rodríguez Yzquierdo Gustavo Adolfo , Miranda Salas Tatiana Camila
Published: May 2023

Compuesto por los picudos negro (Cosmopolites sordidus), rayado (Metamasius hemipterus) y amarillo (M. hebetatus).
Cosecha y poscosecha: cadena de valor de plátano
Authors: Ospina Parra Carlos Eduardo , Rodríguez Fonseca Pablo Emilio , Alzate Henao Sandra Viviana , Machuca Henao Yuly Marcela , Rodríguez Blandón Jefersson Andrés
Published: May 2023

Actores locales o regionales, privados o públicos que prestan algún servicio o suministran algún equipo requerido en la producción de plátano.
Cosecha y poscosecha: costos de producción de plátano
Authors: Ospina Parra Carlos Eduardo , Alzate Henao Sandra Viviana , Machuca Henao Yuly Marcela , Rodríguez Blandón Jefersson Andrés
Published: May 2023

Costos calculados en el año 2017, con base en encuestas realizadas a productores de la región.
Requerimientos edafoclimáticos del cultivo de cacao
Authors: Rochel Ortega Elizabeth , Rodríguez Blandón Jefersson Andrés , Suárez Villota Pedro David , Castillo Jorge Andrés
Published: May 2023

El cacao es una especie típica del trópico, por eso se desarrolla en la franja ecuatorial.
Cosecha y poscosecha del cacao: Limpieza, clasificación y empaque
Authors: Rochel Ortega Elizabeth , Rodríguez Blandón Jefersson Andrés , Suárez Villota Pedro David , Castillo Jorge Andrés
Published: May 2023

Es fundamental para mantener la calidad del grano en el proceso de beneficio. Antes de la comercialización se deben eliminar todas las impurezas y los granos defectuosos.
Bangladesh Railway EPC Track Engineering Investigation and Summary
Authors: Ming-min YIN , Fen Xiang , Nan-fu YI
Published: May 2023

Bangladesh’s railway infrastructure is outdated and inadequate, and the lack of transportation capacity seriously hinders the country’s economic development. In the track engineering practice of EPC projects such as the second line project of a railway Meter-Gauge addition project and the new Board-Gauge railway project in Bangladesh, according to the operation characteristics and maintenance status of the existing cable of the Bangladesh railway, the design and construction characteristics of the railway track, and the procurement of track materials, combined with the characteristics of the EPC project management in the country, suggestions on the general contracting and construction of track engineering were put forward. He also analyzed and summarized the risk factors in the design and construction of Bangladesh railway track engineering, and made some useful thoughts and explorations on how to do a good job in the general contracting of track engineering of EPC projects according to local conditions.
ASSESSMENT OF AWARENESS OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AMONG PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS ATTENDING THE CARE DIABETES CENTER
Authors: Thunla Prathyusha , Vidyasagar Sharon , N Kavya , Seema Shaik
Published: May 2023

Objectives: The objective of the study is to assess the level of diabetes mellitus patients’ awareness about diabetic retinopathy and their action toward getting screening tests and follow-up visits.
Methods: Diabetes mellitus patients who attended the care diabetes center were administered a questionnaire to assess their awareness of diabetic retinopathy and the need to have a routine screening and follow-up care for disease.
Results: A total of 300 diabetes patients were included in the study. Of the enrolled patients; 143 (48%) were males and 157 (52%) were females. Patients who believed that diabetes could affect their eyes are of 78%, controlling the blood sugar levels can help preserve vision 53%, and diabetes can lead to blindness 24%. Only 8% people claimed to be familiar with diabetic retinopathy. When asked whether it was important for diabetes patients to have their eye check-up, annually 62% of patients answered yes. However, only 33% of patients get their eyes checked annually. When asked about barriers preventing patients from getting eye screening, lack of knowledge about diabetic retinopathy scored more 44%.
Conclusion: Although most of the subjects of this study knew that diabetes mellitus can affect the eye and that better control of diabetes mellitus can preserve their vision, only a few people are aware that diabetes can lead to blindness and what diabetic retinopathy is. Moreover, most of the patients reported that the barrier preventing them from getting eye screening is a lack of knowledge about diabetic retinopathy. Due to the lack of knowledge, patients are not having appropriate screening and management of diabetic retinopathy. These findings show the need for increasing the awareness of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients and the importance of annual ophthalmic eye screening.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FSH, LH, PROLACTIN, AND TSH INCASES OF PRIMARY INFERTILITY, CASES OF EARLY PREGNANCY LOSS, AND NORMAL FERTILE WOMEN
Authors: SEEMA  , KAUR MANINDER , MOHI MANJIT KAUR
Published: May 2023

Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to assess and compare follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in normal fertile females, patients with primary infertility, and patients with early pregnancy loss (EPL).
Methods: Patients were divided into three groups of 25 each. Group I consisted of patients of primary infertility, Group II consisted of patients of EPL, and Group C consisted of normal fertile females and acted as the control group. Hormone levels in different groups were compared statistically.
Results: FSH levels in the infertility group (Group I) and control group (Group C) were similar (p>0.05). The difference between the FSH levels of EPL (Group II) and the control group (Group C) was statistically significant (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between LH levels of the infertility group (Group I), EPL (Group II), and control group (Group C) (p<0.05). The difference between prolactin levels of the infertility group (Group I), EPL (Group II), and control group (Group C) was also statistically significant (p<0.05). The difference between the TSH levels of the infertility group (Group I), EPL (Group II), and control group (Group C) was also statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusion: This study supports the fact that women with infertility and repeated abortions have altered hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis as compared to fertile women.
PRESCRIPTION PATTERN OF ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS IN CHILDREN WITH EPILEPSY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: KAUR PUNEET , KAUR ANJLEEN , SINGH JASBIR , SINGH HARJINDER
Published: May 2023

Objective: To evaluate the pattern of prescription of antiepileptic drugs (AED) in children with epilepsy attending a tertiary care hospital in North India. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted for a duration of 1 year. Data on demographic variables including age, gender, type of epilepsy, and prescription of all AEDs and their different combinations were collected from the patients of epilepsy coming to the Department of Pediatrics, Rajindra Hospital attached to Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India and analyzed using WHO core prescription indicators. Results: Out of 100 prescriptions analyzed, 55% of patients were males and 45% were females. The mean age of patients was 8.65 years (±3.80). Generalized epilepsy (78%) was the most commonly diagnosed epilepsy. 92% of patients were prescribed monotherapy, while polytherapy was used in 8% of patients. Valproate was the most common drug used in monotherapy (44.56%), followed by phenytoin (21.74%) and phenobarbitone (15.22%). In polytherapy, the most common combination used was valproate with clobazam (62.5%). 96.6% of prescriptions were based on the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM), 2022. Conclusion: Monotherapy was the preferred modality of treatment in our hospital. Conventional drugs were favored in monotherapy, while benzodiazepines and newer drugs were more commonly used as an add-on drugs in polytherapy. Valproate was the most commonly used AED in monotherapy as well as polytherapy.
INDICATIONS AND COMPLICATIONS OF TRACHEOSTOMY AT A TERTIARY CARE INSTITUTE: A PROSPECTIVE AND OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: Sharma Nitin , Sharma Pritosh
Published: May 2023

Objective: The aim of the present study was to present an analysis of indications and complications of tracheostomy in tracheostomized patients.
Methods: This was a single center, hospital-based prospective, non-randomized, and non-comparative study involving 60 tracheostomized patients carried out from February 2021 to March 2022 at Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, India.
Results: Out of 60 tracheostomies performed most common indications were Laryngo-tracheal trauma (26.7%), organophosphorus poisoning (25%), malignancy of Larynx (11.67%), post-intubation stenosis (6.7%), bilateral abductor paralysis (6.7%), head injury (6.7%), meningitis (5%), acute laryngo-traheo-bronchitis (3.33%), hypoxic-ischemic-encephalopathy (3.33%), cerebrovascular accidents (1.67%), faucial diptheria (1.67%), and GB syndrome (1.67%). Out of 60 tracheostomies performed, 18 complications were encountered. The most common complication was granulations of tracheostoma which occurred in 5 cases (8.3%), three cases of tube occlusion (5%), three cases had difficult decannulation (5%), three cases developed infection of stoma (5%), two cases developed surgical emphysema (3.3%), one case of tracheostomy scar hypertrophy (1.6%), and one case developed tracheal stenosis (1.6%).
Conclusion: Tracheostomy is the procedure of choice especially in cases. Where it is needed to provide prolonged positive pressure ventilation and tracheobronchial toilet. Thorough anatomical knowledge of trachea and adjacent structures, skill of surgeon, sterile technique, meticulous surgery, use of high-volume low pressure cuffed Portex tracheostomy tubes, and good bedside tracheostomy care results in minimal complications. Complications of tracheostomy are largely preventable.
RISK FACTORS AND CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF SEPTIC ARTHRITIS OF HIP IN INFANTS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Patil Padmaraj , Patil Satish , Sonune Pravin , Giradkar Gourav
Published: May 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the risk factors and clinical presentation of septic arthritis of hip in infants.
Methods: Thirty infants with unilateral septic arthritis of hip were included in this study on the basis of a pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study was conducted in PIOS Medilinks Pvt. Limited, Jaysingpur, Kolhapur, India. The duration of the study was 18 months from June 2021 to December 2022. The institutional ethical committee approved the study. The diagnosis of septic arthritis was made on the basis of Morrey’s criteria. Risk factors associated with septic arthritis and clinical presentation were studied.
Results: Out of the total 30 infants diagnosed to be having septic arthritis of unilateral hip, 17 (57.67%) were males and 13 (43.33%) were females. In our study, an overwhelming majority of the patients belonged to neonatal age group (80%) followed by 1 month–2 months (10%). Only 3 infants were between 2 months and 1 year of age (10%). Low birth weight and prematurity or a combination of these two factors was the most common risk factor in neonates with septic hip arthritis and was seen in 7 (23.33%) patients. All infants having septic arthritis had increased local temperature (100%) and reduced joint movements (100%). Erythema (86.67%), swelling (73.33%), and irritability (60%) were other common clinical features associated with septic arthritis. The most common offending organism was Staphylococcus aureus (33.33%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.33%). The analysis of outcome at the end of 3-month follow-up showed that out of 30 studied cases, 28 (93.33%) infants had a painless hip with normal range of motion.
Conclusion: Septic arthritis of hip in infants is an emergency and requires prompt treatment. Any delay in diagnosis can have catastrophic consequences. However, in majority of appropriately managed infants, there is no residual damage to the affected joint.
Receptor guanylyl cyclase (RGC) family in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Beuve Annie , Brouckaert Peter , Burnett, Jr. John C. , Friebe Andreas , Garthwaite John , Hobbs Adrian J. , Koesling Doris , Kuhn Michaela , Potter Lincoln R. , Russwurm Michael , Schmidt Harald H.H.W. , Stasch Johannes-Peter , Waldman Scott A.
Published: May 2023

The mammalian genome encodes seven guanylyl cyclases, GC-A to GC-G, that are homodimeric transmembrane receptors activated by a diverse range of endogenous ligands. These enzymes convert guanosine-5'-triphosphate to the intracellular second messenger cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP). GC-A, GC-B and GC-C are expressed predominantly in the cardiovascular system, skeletal system and intestinal epithelium, respectively. GC-D and GC-G are found in the olfactory neuropepithelium and Grueneberg ganglion of rodents, respectively. GC-E and GC-F are expressed in retinal photoreceptors.
GPR18, GPR55 and GPR119 in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Alexander Stephen P.H. , Irving Andrew J.
Published: May 2023

GPR18, GPR55 and GPR119 (provisional nomenclature), although showing little structural similarity to CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, respond to endogenous agents analogous to the endogenous cannabinoid ligands, as well as some natural/synthetic cannabinoid receptor ligands [104]. Although there are multiple reports to indicate that GPR18, GPR55 and GPR119 can be activated in vitro by N-arachidonoylglycine, lysophosphatidylinositol and N-oleoylethanolamide, respectively, there is a lack of evidence for activation by these lipid messengers in vivo. As such, therefore, these receptors retain their orphan status.
SLC22 family of organic cation and anion transporters in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Hagenbuch Bruno
Published: May 2023

The SLC22 family of transporters is mostly composed of non-selective transporters, which are expressed highly in liver, kidney and intestine, playing a major role in drug disposition. The family may be divided into three subfamilies based on the nature of the substrate transported: organic cations (OCTs), organic anions (OATs) and organic zwiterrion/cations (OCTN). Membrane topology is predicted to contain 12 TM domains with intracellular termini, and an extended extracellular loop at TM 1/2.
ABCA subfamily in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Vore Mary
Published: May 2023

To date, 12 members of the human ABCA subfamily are identified. They share a high degree of sequence conservation and have been mostly related with lipid trafficking in a wide range of body locations. Mutations in some of these genes have been described to cause severe hereditary diseases related with lipid transport, such as fatal surfactant deficiency or harlequin ichthyosis. In addition, most of them are hypothesized to participate in the subcellular sequestration of drugs, thereby being responsible for the resistance of several carcinoma cell lines against drug treatment [1, 2].
ABCG subfamily in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Kerr Ian
Published: May 2023

This family of 'half-transporters' act as homo- or heterodimers; particularly ABCG5 and ABCG8 are thought to be obligate heterodimers. The ABCG5/ABCG heterodimer sterol transporter structure has been determined [6], suggesting an extensive intracellular nucleotide binding domain linked to the transmembrane domains by a fold in the primary sequence. The functional ABCG2 transporter appears to be a homodimer with structural similarities to the ABCG5/ABCG8 heterodimer [10, 1].
SLC15 family of peptide transporters in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Thwaites David T. , Verri Tiziano
Published: May 2023

The Solute Carrier 15 (SLC15) family of peptide transporters, alias H+-coupled oligopeptide cotransporter family, is a group of membrane transporters known for their key role in the cellular uptake of di- and tripeptides (di/tripeptides). Of its members, SLC15A1 (PEPT1) chiefly mediates intestinal absorption of luminal di/tripeptides from overall dietary protein digestion, SLC15A2 (PEPT2) mainly allows renal tubular reuptake of di/tripeptides from ultrafiltration and brain-to-blood efflux of di/tripeptides in the choroid plexus, SLC15A3 (PHT2) and SLC15A4 (PHT1) interact with both di/tripeptides and histidine, e.g. in certain immune cells, and SLC15A5 has unknown physiological function. In addition, the SLC15 family of peptide transporters variably interacts with a very large number of peptidomimetics and peptide-like drugs. It is conceivable, based on the currently acknowledged structural and functional differences, to divide the SLC15 family of peptide transporters into two subfamilies [3].
Eicosanoid turnover in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Izzo Angelo A. , Mitchell Jane A.
Published: May 2023

Eicosanoids are 20-carbon fatty acids, where the usual focus is the polyunsaturated analogue arachidonic acid and its metabolites. Arachidonic acid is thought primarily to derive from phospholipase A2 action on membrane phosphatidylcholine, and may be re-cycled to form phospholipid through conjugation with coenzyme A and subsequently glycerol derivatives. Oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid is conducted through three major enzymatic routes: cyclooxygenases; lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450-like epoxygenases, particularly CYP2J2. Isoprostanes are structural analogues of the prostanoids (hence the nomenclature D-, E-, F-isoprostanes and isothromboxanes), which are produced in the presence of elevated free radicals in a non-enzymatic manner, leading to suggestions for their use as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Molecular targets for their action have yet to be defined.
Nitric oxide synthases in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Billiar Timothy R. , Cirino Giuseppe , Fulton David , Motterlini Roberto , Papapetropoulos Andreas , Szabo Csaba
Published: May 2023

Nitric oxide synthases (NOS, E.C. 1.14.13.39) are a family of oxidoreductases that synthesize nitric oxide (NO.) via the NADPH and oxygen-dependent consumption of L-arginine with the resultant by-product, L-citrulline. There are 3 NOS isoforms and they are related by their capacity to produce NO, highly conserved organization of functional domains and significant homology at the amino acid level. NOS isoforms are functionally distinguished by the cell type where they are expressed, intracellular targeting and transcriptional and post-translation mechanisms regulating enzyme activity. The nomenclature suggested by NC-IUPHAR of NOS I, II and III [12] has not gained wide acceptance, and the 3 isoforms are more commonly referred to as neuronal NOS (nNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) which reflect the location of expression (nNOS and eNOS) and inducible expression (iNOS). All are dimeric enzymes that shuttle electrons from NADPH, which binds to a C-terminal reductase domain, through the flavins FAD and FMN to the oxygenase domain of the other monomer to enable the BH4-dependent reduction of heme bound oxygen for insertion into the substrate, L-arginine. Electron flow from reductase to oxygenase domain is controlled by calmodulin binding to canonical calmodulin binding motif located between these domains. eNOS and nNOS isoforms are activated at concentrations of calcium greater than 100 nM, while iNOS shows higher affinity for Ca2+/calmodulin with great avidity and is essentially calcium-independent and constitutively active. Efficient stimulus-dependent coupling of nNOS and eNOS is achieved via subcellular targeting through respective N-terminal PDZ and fatty acid acylation domains whereas iNOS is largely cytosolic and function is independent of intracellular location. nNOS is primarily expressed in the brain and neuronal tissue, iNOS in immune cells such as macrophages and eNOS in the endothelial layer of the vasculature although exceptions in other cells have been documented. L-NAME and related modified arginine analogues are inhibitors of all three isoforms, with IC50 values in the micromolar range.
Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Dessauer Carmen W. , Ostrom Rennolds , Seifert Roland , Watts Val J.
Published: May 2023

Adenylyl cyclase, E.C. 4.6.1.1, converts ATP to cyclic AMP and pyrophosphate. Mammalian membrane-delimited adenylyl cyclases (nomenclature as approved by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Adenylyl cyclases [11]) are typically made up of two clusters of six TM domains separating two intracellular, overlapping catalytic domains that are the target for the nonselective activators Gαs (the stimulatory G protein α subunit) and forskolin (except AC9, [28]). adenosine and its derivatives (e.g. 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine), acting through the P-site,are inhibitors of adenylyl cyclase activity [35]. Four families of membranous adenylyl cyclase are distinguishable: calmodulin-stimulated (AC1, AC3 and AC8), Ca2+- and Gβγ-inhibitable (AC5, AC6 and AC9), Gβγ-stimulated and Ca2+-insensitive (AC2, AC4 and AC7), and forskolin-insensitive (AC9) forms. A soluble adenylyl cyclase (AC10) lacks membrane spanning regions and is insensitive to G proteins.It functions as a cytoplasmic bicarbonate (pH-insensitive) sensor [7].
Cyclooxygenase in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Izzo Angelo A. , Mitchell Jane A.
Published: May 2023

Prostaglandin (PG) G/H synthase, most commonly referred to as cyclooxygenase (COX, (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoate,hydrogen-donor : oxygen oxidoreductase) activity, catalyses the formation of PGG2 from arachidonic acid. Hydroperoxidase activity inherent in the enzyme catalyses the formation of PGH2 from PGG2. COX-1 and -2 can be nonselectively inhibited by ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, indomethacin and paracetamol (acetaminophen). PGH2 may then be metabolised to prostaglandins and thromboxanes by various prostaglandin synthases in an apparently tissue-dependent manner.
Haem oxygenase in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Billiar Timothy R. , Cirino Giuseppe , Fulton David , Motterlini Roberto , Papapetropoulos Andreas , Szabo Csaba
Published: May 2023

Haem oxygenase (heme,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (α-methene-oxidizing, hydroxylating)), E.C. 1.14.99.3, converts heme into biliverdin and carbon monoxide, utilizing NADPH as cofactor.