bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Home Bleaching on the Translucency of CAD/CAM Systems
Authors: Karci Muhammet , Demir Necla
Published: November 2017

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of a home bleaching agent (Opalescence PF) on the translucency of CAD/CAM ceramic systems.

Materials and Methods

The 28 sintered ceramic specimens (IPS Empress CAD and IPS e.max CAD; 15 mm long, 10 mm wide, 1 mm thick) were divided into two subgroups as control and bleaching groups (n = 7). Carbamide peroxide (CP), 16%, home bleaching agent was applied onto the surface of each specimen for 6 hours per day for 7 days. A spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade Advance) was used to measure the CIE L*a* b* coordinates and the reflectance value (Y) of the specimens on white and black backgrounds. The translucency parameter (TP), contrast ratio (CR), and opalescence parameter (OP) of the specimens were calculated. The data were statistically analyzed using Kolmogorov–Smirnov, one‐way ANOVA, Tukey's test, and Pearson's correlation.

Results

Statistically significant differences in the TP values after 16% CP bleaching treatment were observed (p ˂ 0.05); however, no significant differences were found in the OP and CR values after the surface treatment (p ˃ 0.05).

Conclusions

According to our study, patients who have all‐ceramic restorations in their mouths should be careful when using home bleaching agents, because whitening agents can affect the translucency of all‐ceramic restorations such as e.max CAD and Empress CAD.
The convergence and divergence of impulsivity facets in daily life
Authors: Sperry Sarah H. , Lynam Donald R. , Kwapil Thomas R.
Published: November 2017

Objective

Impulsivity appears to be best conceptualized as a multidimensional construct. For example, the UPPS‐P model posits that there are five underlying facets of impulsivity. The present study examined the expression of the UPPS‐P facets in daily life using experience sampling methodology. A specific goal of the study was to examine positive urgency, a facet added to the original UPPS model, and its convergence and divergence from the negative urgency facet.

Method

A large nonclinical sample of young adults (n = 294) completed the UPPS‐P scale and was signaled to complete questionnaires assessing daily affect, cognitions, sense of self, and impulsive behaviors eight times a day for 7 days.

Results

Results indicated that the UPPS‐P facets are associated with disruptions in affect, cognitions, and behavior in daily life. Furthermore, all of the UPPS‐P facets were associated with impulsivity in daily life. Contrary to expectation, positive urgency was associated with negative affect rather than positive affect and had a profile indistinguishable from negative urgency.

Conclusions

These results generally support a four‐factor model of multidimensional impulsivity with a general overall urgency factor instead of separate positive and negative urgency facets.
Evaluation of a sudden unexpected death in infancy intervention programme aimed at improving parental awareness of risk factors and protective infant care practices
Authors: McIntosh Christine , Trenholme Adrian , Stewart Joanna , Vogel Alison
Published: November 2017

Aim

Sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) rates for Māori and Pacific infants remain higher than for other ethnic groups in New Zealand and bed‐sharing is a major risk factor when there is smoking exposure in pregnancy. Sleep space programmes of education and Pēpi‐Pod baby beds require evaluation.

Methods

Two hundred and forty Māori and Pacific women and infants were randomised 1:1, to the Pēpi‐Pod sleep space programme, or to a control group with ‘usual care’. When infants were under 2 weeks of age, baseline interviews occurred, followed up by interviews at 2 and 4 months of age to assess safe sleep knowledge, infant care practices and Pēpi‐Pod use and acceptability. All participants were offered a New Zealand Standard approved portable cot.

Results

At baseline, 25% of babies did not have a baby bed. Knowledge of smoking and bed‐sharing as SUDI risks improved at follow‐up in both groups. One quarter regularly bed‐shared at follow‐up in both groups. Intention to bed‐share was a strong predictor of subsequent behaviour. Pēpi‐Pods were regularly used by 46% at 2 months and 16% at 4 months follow‐up.

Conclusions

Bed‐sharing and knowledge improvement were similar irrespective of group. It is likely that the impact of the intervention was reduced because the control group received better support than ‘usual care’ and all participants had a baby bed. New Zealand SUDI rates have declined since sleep space programmes have been available. Sleep space programmes should be prioritised for those with modifiable SUDI risk.
Formalized Problem‐Solving Practices and the Effects of Collaboration with Suppliers on a Firm's Product Innovation Performance
Authors: Bodas Freitas Isabel Maria , Fontana Roberto
Published: November 2017

This article studies how organizational practices aimed at fostering intra and interorganizational knowledge transfer, absorption, combination, and conversion interact. Specifically, the article examines the effect of formalized problem solving (FPS) practices on the benefits from collaboration with suppliers for product innovation. It argues that FPS practices act as moderators of the relationship between collaborations with suppliers and the benefits from innovation. Also, it argues that the moderating effect varies depending on whether a new product development occurs in the presence or absence of industry‐level knowledge. These expectations are tested on a sample of 1596 French manufacturing firms. Findings suggest that collaboration with suppliers generally improves the firm's innovation performance and that the benefits are higher in the absence of industry‐level knowledge. Additional findings also highlight that FPS practices have an uneven effect on the relationship between collaboration with suppliers and a firm's innovation performance; they do not increase the benefits from collaboration in the presence of industry‐level knowledge and they reduce the benefits in the absence of industry‐level knowledge.
A two‐sector Keynesian model of business cycles
Authors: Murakami Hiroki
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we examine the effect of sectoral interactions on business cycles in a simple Keynesian model. As a first step for introducing viewpoints of multiple sectors in the context of business cycles, we consider a dual economy in which there are only two kinds of goods: the consumption good and the investment good. By examining a two‐sector Keynesian model, we intend to take a look at some phenomena induced by interactions between the consumption good sector and the investment good sector, which cannot be observed in one‐sector models. We then find that the stability of equilibrium and the possibility of emergence of a periodic orbit depend on whether the Keynesian stability condition holds or not and that along periodic orbits (business cycles), the consumption good sector lags behind the investment good sector and that the volatility (measured by the ratio of the amplitude of cycles to the equilibrium value) of the investment sector is larger than that of the consumption good sector. Also, we supplement the analysis by performing numerical simulations.
Acute kidney injury in critically ill surgical patients: Epidemiology, risk factors and outcomes
Authors: Trongtrakul Konlawij , Sawawiboon Chaiwut , Wang Amanda Y , Chitsomkasem Anusang , Limphunudom Ploynapas , Kurathong Sathit , Prommool Surazee , Trakarnvanich Thananda , Srisawat Nattachai
Published: November 2017

Aim

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most serious complications seen in intensive care units (ICUs). However, its epidemiology, risk factors and clinical outcomes in surgical critically ill patients remains unclear.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was conducted in surgical intensive care unit (ICU) of the university hospital in Bangkok, Thailand. AKI was diagnosed according to the KDIGO 2012 criteria.

Results

A total of 189 of the 400 patients enrolled in our study developed AKI (47.3%). The severity was: stage 1 = 29.6% of all AKI (56 cases), stage 2 = 30.7% (58 cases), and stage 3 = 39.7% (75 cases). Risk factors of AKI development included a higher BMI, a greater APACHE‐II score, septic shock, use of mechanical ventilation, acute medical complications during surgical admission, and pre‐existing chronic kidney disease. After adjustment for covariates, only the most severe stage of AKI (stage 3) was associated with increasing 28‐day ICU mortality compared with no AKI stage, HR = 7.75 (95% CI, 1.46–41.20, P = 0.02).

Conclusion

Acute kidney injury is common and is associated with an increase in mortality in surgical ICU patients. There should be more focus on patients with AKI risk factors to prevent this deleterious event.
Dual‐flow‐RootChip reveals local adaptations of roots towards environmental asymmetry at the physiological and genetic levels
Authors: Stanley Claire E. , Shrivastava Jagriti , Brugman Rik , Heinzelmann Elisa , van Swaay Dirk , Grossmann Guido
Published: November 2017

Roots grow in highly dynamic and heterogeneous environments. Biological activity as well as uneven nutrient availability or localized stress factors result in diverse microenvironments. Plants adapt their root morphology in response to changing environmental conditions, yet it remains largely unknown to what extent developmental adaptations are based on systemic or cell‐autonomous responses.

We present the dual‐flow‐RootChip, a microfluidic platform for asymmetric perfusion of Arabidopsis roots to investigate root–environment interactions under simulated environmental heterogeneity. Applications range from investigating physiology, root hair development and calcium signalling upon selective exposure to environmental stresses to tracing molecular uptake, performing selective drug treatments and localized inoculations with microbes.

Using the dual‐flow‐RootChip, we revealed cell‐autonomous adaption of root hair development under asymmetric phosphate (Pi) perfusion, with unexpected repression in root hair growth on the side exposed to low Pi and rapid tip‐growth upregulation when Pi concentrations increased. The asymmetric root environment further resulted in an asymmetric gene expression of RSL4, a key transcriptional regulator of root hair growth.

Our findings demonstrate that roots possess the capability to locally adapt to heterogeneous conditions in their environment at the physiological and transcriptional levels. Being able to generate asymmetric microenvironments for roots will help further elucidate decision‐making processes in root–environment interactions.
Evolutionary dynamics of interactions between plants and their enemies: comparison of herbivorous insects and pathogens
Authors: Wininger Kerry , Rank Nathan
Published: November 2017

Plants colonized land over 400 million years ago. Shortly thereafter, organisms began to consume terrestrial plant tissue as a nutritional resource. Most plant enemies are plant pathogens or herbivores, and they impose natural selection for plants to evolve defenses. These traits generate selection pressures on enemies. Coevolution between terrestrial plants and their enemies is an important element of the evolutionary history of both groups. However, coevolutionary studies of plant–pathogen interactions have tended to focus on different research topics than plant–herbivore interactions. Specifically, studies of plant–pathogen interactions often adopt a “gene‐for‐gene” conceptual framework. In contrast, studies of plants and herbivores often investigate escalation or elaboration of plant defense and herbivore adaptations to overcome it. The main exceptions to the general pattern are studies that focus on small, sessile herbivores that share many features with plant pathogens, studies that incorporate both herbivores and pathogens into a single investigation, and studies that test aspects of Thompson's geographic mosaic theory for coevolution. We discuss the implications of these findings for future research.
Combining plant–frugivore networks for describing the structure of neotropical communities
Authors: Almeida Adriana de , Mikich Sandra Bos
Published: November 2017

Frugivory and seed dispersal are key processes for the maintenance of biodiversity. This is particularly true in the Neotropics, where most plant species depend on animals to disperse their seeds and most birds and mammals include fruits in their diets. We performed a continental‐scale literature review to build a database of interactions between neotropical fruits and fruit‐eating birds and mammals. Our objective was to evaluate the viability of combining literature data from different studies to describe the structure of highly diverse fruit–frugivore neotropical communities. We investigated sites that had been the focus of studies of at least four different avian and/or mammalian taxonomic orders and we included in our database only those conducted for at least a 6‐month period in order to account for the seasonality in fruit availability. In spite of a large number of study sites investigated for frugivory (n = 156), we found a huge gap in the knowledge of community‐wide fruit–frugivore interactions in the Neotropics, since most studies focused on single or a few species. Nevertheless, we were able to construct diverse plant–frugivore qualitative networks for 17 areas unevenly spread throughout the neotropical region. Using complex network analyses, we found that these networks were highly informative and non‐randomly organized. Most networks were both significantly nested and modular, characteristics related to stability and resilience in biological systems. We concluded that it is possible to use merged data to build networks for sites of conservation interest. The main advantage of using this approach is to optimize resources, avoiding exhaustive, costly and time‐consuming fieldwork when data is already available. Whilst bearing in mind the shortcomings of this methodology, these results can be used in studies aiming to understand the ecological processes structuring different communities in the neotropical region and to support conservation and restoration actions.
Adenylate control contributes to thermal acclimation of sugar maple fine‐root respiration in experimentally warmed soil
Authors: Jarvi Mickey P. , Burton Andrew J.
Published: November 2017

We investigated the occurrence of and mechanisms responsible for acclimation of fine‐root respiration of mature sugar maple (Acer saccharum) after 3+ years of experimental soil warming (+4 to 5 °C) in a factorial combination with soil moisture addition. Potential mechanisms for thermal respiratory acclimation included changes in enzymatic capacity, as indicated by root N concentration; substrate limitation, assessed by examining nonstructural carbohydrates and effects of exogenous sugar additions; and adenylate control, examined as responses of root respiration to a respiratory uncoupling agent. Partial acclimation of fine‐root respiration occurred in response to soil warming, causing specific root respiration to increase to a much lesser degree (14% to 26%) than would be expected for a 4 to 5 °C temperature increase (approximately 55%). Acclimation was greatest when ambient soil temperature was warmer or soil moisture availability was low. We found no evidence that enzyme or substrate limitation caused acclimation but did find evidence supporting adenylate control. The uncoupling agent caused a 1.4 times greater stimulation of respiration in roots from warmed soil. Sugar maple fine‐root respiration in warmed soil was at least partially constrained by adenylate use, helping constrain respiration to that needed to support work being performed by the roots.
Sexual self‐concept, sexual satisfaction, and attachment among single and coupled individuals
Authors: ANTIČEVIĆ VESNA , JOKIĆ‐BEGIĆ NATAŠA , BRITVIĆ DOLORES
Published: November 2017

The aim of this study was to examine the moderating role of attachment styles among single and coupled participants (N = 632) in the associations between sexual self‐concept (sexual self‐esteem, sexual depression, and sexual preoccupation) and sexual satisfaction. The results indicated lower sexual self‐esteem and sexual satisfaction and higher sexual depression and avoidant attachment among singles, as compared to coupled participants. Furthermore, in coupled participants (securely, anxiously, and avoidantly attached), sexual self‐esteem and sexual depression were predictors of sexual satisfaction. Among securely, fearfully, and avoidantly attached singles, sexual self‐esteem was a predictor of sexual satisfaction. Sexual satisfaction was also predicted by sexual preoccupation among avoidantly attached singles. Finally, the only predictor of sexual satisfaction among anxiously attached singles was sexual depression.
How do Mediterranean shrub species cope with shade? Ecophysiological response to different light intensities
Authors: Díaz‐Barradas M. C. , Zunzunegui M. , Alvarez‐Cansino L. , Esquivias M. P. , Valera J. , Rodríguez H.
Published: November 2017

Under natural conditions, light exposure for Mediterranean shrubs can be highly variable, especially during cloudy days or under a canopy, and can interfere with other environmental factors such as temperature and water availability.

With the aim of decoupling the effect of radiation and temperature from water availability, we conducted an experiment where two perennial and three summer semi‐deciduous shrub species were subjected to different levels of irradiation. In order to follow plant responses to light exposure, we measured gas exchange, photosystem II photochemical efficiency, photosynthetic pigments and leaf mass area in spring and summer.

Results showed that all study species presented a plastic response to different light conditions, and that light‐related traits varied in a coordinated manner. Summer semi‐deciduous species exhibited a more opportunistic response, with higher photosynthesis rates in full sun, but under shade conditions, the two strategies presented similar assimilation rates. Stomatal conductance did not show such a drastic response as photosynthetsis, being related to changes in WUE. Daily cycles of Fv/Fm revealed a slight photoinhibitory response during summer, mainly in perennial species. In all cases photosynthetic pigments adjusted to the radiation level; leaves had lower chlorophyll content, higher pool of xanthophylls and higher proportion of the de‐epoxydaded state of xanthophylls under sun conditions. Lutein content increased in relation to the xanthophyll pool under shade conditions.

Our results evidenced that radiation is an important driving factor controlling morphological and physiological status of Mediterranean shrub species, independently of water availability. Summer semi‐deciduous species exhibit a set of traits with higher response variability, maximising their photosynthetic assimilation under different sun conditions.
The role of Arabidopsis thaliana RASD1 gene in ABA‐dependent abiotic stress response
Authors: Podia V. , Milioni D. , Martzikou M. , Haralampidis K.
Published: November 2017

Abiotic stress is one of the key parameters affecting plant productivity. Drought and soil salinity, in particular, challenge plants to activate various response mechanisms to withstand these adverse growth conditions. While the molecular events that take place are complex and to a large extent unclear, the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is considered a major player in mediating the adaptation of plants to stress.

Here we report the identification of an ABA‐insensitive mutant from Arabidopsis thaliana. A combination of molecular, genetic and physiology approaches were implemented, to characterise the AtRASD1 locus (RESPONSIVENESS TO ABA SALT AND DROUGHT 1) and to investigate its role in plant development.

RASD1 is expressed predominantly in the vascular system of A. thaliana and encodes a peptide of unknown function with no similarity to any known sequence to date. The protein is localised in the nucleus and the cytoplasm, and RASD1‐impaired plants are drought‐intolerant and insensitive to exogenous ABA and NaCl during germination and root growth.

Our data indicate that RASD1 is involved in ABA‐dependent signal transduction pathways and therefore in enabling plants to activate response mechanisms related to seed germination and abiotic stress.
Tenosynovitis caused by Mycobacterium malmoense in two kidney transplant recipients and review of the literature
Authors: van Grootveld Rebecca , Scherer Hans U. , Peters Elke E. M. , Gaasbeek André , Arend Sandra M. , Wunderink Herman F.
Published: November 2017

We report two unrelated cases of tenosynovitis caused by Mycobacterium malmoense in kidney transplant recipients. Both patients received immunosuppression and were referred to our tertiary hospital because of persisting complaints lasting >6 months not responding to corticosteroids or surgery. The mycobacterial cultures were positive for the slow‐growing M. malmoense after several weeks of incubation. The patient in Case 1 was treated with a combination of surgical debridement and antibiotics, whereas the patient in Case 2 was only treated surgically. Both cases illustrate the doctor's delay in diagnosing mycobacterial infections, and remind us that nontuberculous mycobacterial infections should be part of the differential diagnosis of tenosynovitis, especially in immunocompromised patients.
Proteomic analysis of lysine acetylation provides strong evidence for involvement of acetylated proteins in plant meiosis and tapetum function
Authors: Li Xiaojing , Ye Juanying , Ma Hong , Lu Pingli
Published: November 2017

Protein lysine acetylation (KAC) is a dynamic and reversible post‐translational modification that has important biological roles in many organisms. Although KAC has been shown to affect reproductive development and meiosis in yeast and animals, similar studies are largely lacking in flowering plants, especially proteome‐scale investigations for particular reproductive stages. Here, we report results from a proteomic investigation to detect the KAC status of the developing rice anthers near the time of meiosis (RAM), providing strong biochemical evidence for roles of many KAC‐affected proteins during anther development and meiosis in rice. We identified a total of 1354 KAC sites in 676 proteins. Among these, 421 acetylated proteins with 629 KAC sites are novel, greatly enriching our knowledge on KAC in flowering plants. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed chromatin silencing, protein folding, fatty acid biosynthetic process and response to stress to be over‐represented. In addition, certain potentially specific KAC motifs in RAM were detected. Importantly, 357 rice meiocyte proteins were acetylated; and four proteins genetically identified to be important for rice tapetum and pollen development were acetylated on 14 KAC sites in total. Furthermore, 47 putative secretory proteins were detected to exhibit acetylated status in RAM. Moreover, by comparing our lysine acetylome with the RAM phosphoproteome we obtained previously, we proposed a correlation between KAC and phosphorylation as a potential modulatory mechanism in rice RAM. This study provides the first global survey of KAC in plant reproductive development, making a promising starting point for further functional analysis of KAC during rice anther development and meiosis.
Recovery from temporary endoplasmic reticulum stress in plants relies on the tissue‐specific and largely independent roles of bZIP28 and bZIP60, as well as an antagonizing function of BAX‐Inhibitor 1 upon the pro‐adaptive signaling mediated by bZIP28
Authors: Ruberti Cristina , Lai YaShiuan , Brandizzi Federica
Published: November 2017

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an ancient signaling pathway that commits to life‐or‐death outcomes in response to proteotoxic stress in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In plants, the membrane‐tethered transcription factor bZIP28 and the ribonuclease‐kinase IRE1 along with its splicing target, bZIP60, govern the two cytoprotective UPR signaling pathways known to date. The conserved ER membrane‐associated BAX inhibitor 1 (BI1) modulates ER stress‐induced programmed cell death through yet‐unknown mechanisms. Despite the significance of the UPR for cell homeostasis, in plants the regulatory circuitry underlying ER stress resolution is still largely unmapped. To gain insights into the coordination of plant UPR strategies, we analyzed the functional relationship of the UPR modulators through the analysis of single and higher order mutants of IRE1, bZIP60, bZIP28 and BI1 in experimental conditions causing either temporary or chronic ER stress. We established a functional duality of bZIP28 and bZIP60, as they exert partially independent tissue‐specific roles in recovery from ER stress, but redundantly actuate survival strategies in chronic ER stress. We also discovered that BI1 attenuates the pro‐survival function of bZIP28 in ER stress resolution and, differently to animal cells, it does not temper the ribonuclease activity of inositol‐requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) under temporary ER stress. Together these findings reveal a functional independence of bZIP28 and bZIP60 in plant UPR, and identify an antagonizing role of BI1 in the pro‐adaptive signaling mediated by bZIP28, bringing to light the distinctive complexity of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in plants.
Median sternotomy versus intercostal thoracotomy for lung lobectomy: A comparison of short‐term outcome in 134 dogs
Authors: Bleakley Seth , Phipps Kevin , Petrovsky Brian , Monnet Eric
Published: November 2017

Objective

To compare short‐term outcomes between dogs undergoing lung lobectomy via median sternotomy (MS) or intercostal thoracotomy (ICT).

Study design

Retrospective case control study.

Methods

Medical records of dogs that underwent lung lobectomy via MS or ICT at a single institution were reviewed for demographics, intraoperative findings, and postoperative management and outcomes. Dogs with pleural effusion, pneumonia, migrating foreign body, lung abscess, spontaneous pneumothorax, or lung lobe torsion were excluded. Short‐term outcome factors up were compared up to the time of death, euthanasia, or discharge from the hospital.

Results

One hundred and thirty‐four dogs met the inclusion criteria. Forty‐one (31%) dogs underwent MS and 93 dogs (69%) underwent ICT. Fluid production from the chest tube (P = .0061), alveolar arterial pressure gradient (P = .0001), and complications requiring intervention (P = .0245) were more common in the MS group than the ICT group. Pain management and all other short‐term outcome factors did not differ between procedures. Five dogs from the MS group and 4 from the ICT group were euthanized in the postoperative period (P = .0925).

Conclusion

In a surgical procedure that does not preclude either approach, ICT may be more desirable than MS in terms of postoperative pain, oxygenation, and complications. However, since no other short‐term measure of outcome differed, we can state that both MS and ICT are well tolerated by dogs.
Heat Transfer Enhancement by Insertion of Vortex Generators in Electronic Chip Cooling: A Numerical Study
Authors: Haque Mohammad Rejaul , Betz Amy Rachel
Published: November 2017

The present work represents a 2-D numerical investigation of forced convection heat transfer over three electronic blocks (silicon chip) in an inline arrangement with elliptical shaped vortex generators (VG-copper made) placed on top of the channel, for a range of Reynolds numbers. The block is prescribed with a 1,000 W/m2 heat flux due to heating of the electronic components installed in the CPU casing. The results show that, vortex generators could effectively enhance the heat transfer in the channel. Subsequently, the effects of Reynolds number (from 500 to 1050), the number of vortex generators (baseline, 1, 2 and 3), aspect ratio of heated block (0.125, 0.15, 0.22), and aspect ratio of vortex generators (0.3125, 0.4, 0.5) on the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics are examined. The characteristics of the performance parameters are studied numerically with the aid of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The 3 VG demonstrates nearly 28.35% enhancement of Nusselt number compared to the 1 VG case at Re = 479. The change in pressure drop is less at low Reynolds number compared to higher Reynolds number respective to other parameters. Increasing the aspect ratio of the block increases the convection coefficient while decreasing aspect ratio of VG increases heat transfer coefficient. This enhancement is less significant for the third block as the cooling effect is predominant close to the channel inlet. Increasing consecutive distance between the blocks, enhances the heat transfer coefficient with the penalty of additional pressure drop. However, parametric studies are conducted for the maximum heat transfer enhancement.
Effect of Liquid Volume on Thermosiphon Loop Performance Using Open Microchannels Manifold for CPU Cooling in Data Center
Authors: Chauhan Aranya , Kandlikar Satish G.
Published: November 2017

The efficient cooling of servers in data center offers unique challenge to reduce the worldwide energy consumption and fluid inventory. The presented work addresses the great potential of a thermosiphon system using two-phase heat transfer process which improves the efficiency of the system by significantly improving the heat dissipation ability. The latent heat transfer is more effective than sensible heat. However, the system performance is limited by Critical Heat Flux (CHF) and Heat Transfer Coefficients (HTC). An increase in CHF offers wide temperature operating range while HTC defines the efficiency of the process. In the current design of the cooling solution, a manifold with a taper is employed over the heater surface to guide vapor away from the surface along the flow length. The incoming liquid flows over the heating surface unobstructed developing separate liquid-vapor pathways. A 6° taper manifold is analyzed with HFE7000 as the working fluid. The performance of thermosiphon loop is evaluated for three different liquid volumes resulting in three different liquid heads available in the thermosiphon loop. The respective heat flux and HTC are compared. The maximum heat dissipation was observed for 325ml liquid with a microchannel chip resulting in a CHF of 42.1W/cm2 at a wall superheat of 17.8°C. The observed performance data shows that thermosiphon loop is an eligible replacement for conventional single-phase cooling techniques used for CPU cooling in data centers.
Modeling of Evaporation From a Sessile Constant Shape Droplet
Authors: Akkuş Yiğit , Çetin Barbaros , Dursunkaya Zafer
Published: November 2017

In this study, a computational model for the evaporation from a sessile liquid droplet fed from the center to keep the diameter of the droplet constant is presented. The continuity, momentum and energy equations are solved with temperature dependent thermo-physical properties using COMSOL Multi-physics. At the surface of the droplet, convective heat and evaporative mass fluxes are assigned. Since the flow field is affected by evaporative flux, an iterative scheme is built and the computation is automated using COMSOL-MATLAB interface. Correlations are implemented to predict the convective heat transfer coefficients and evaporative flux. Three different wall temperatures are used in simulations. The results show that the flow inside the droplet is dominated by buoyancy when the effect of the thermo-capillarity is neglected. The resulting flow generates a circulation pattern emerging from the entrance to the apex, along the surface of the droplet to the bottom heated wall and back to the entrance.
Implementing staff supervision training in a corrections environment
Authors: Ford Ruth
Published: November 2017

INTRODUCTION: Many human service organisations aim to improve the delivery of supervision to their professional staff. In the Aotearoa New Zealand Department of Corrections, changes led to a project which involved the implementation of in-house supervision and supervision training for programme facilitators. This article describes the project and reports on a subsequent review against a retrospective literature review. The content, methods and evaluations of seven deliveries of the week-long supervision training are then critically reflected on through the lens of the literature, with concluding recommendations.SEARCH STRATEGY AND DATA: The literature review was defined by the use of key terms to search four databases and a library catalogue, resulting in use of 25 articles. While not set up as a formal research project, data from participant evaluations of eight, week-long supervision training courses were analysed, as were results of a national supervision survey.FINDINGS: Training content, methods and principles were generally well aligned with what is identified as important in the literature, with a few omissions such as assessment processes of supervisors when in the field. Data from participant evaluations showed strong areas of the training (such as skill development through practices) using the model prescribed. A relatively high level of participant satisfaction was demonstrated in the evaluation material. Specific challenges to staff supervision in the Department of Corrections’ context were identified with reference to the literature and are discussed.CONCLUSION: Seven areas of further focus were identified and recommendations are made with reference to the literature.
Supporting grandparent/grandchild contact under the Care of Children Act 2004: an assessment of current options, and a call for change.
Authors: Fisher Rick , Hutton-Baas Trudy
Published: November 2017

INTRODUCTION: The Care of Children Act 2004 reformed the law of child guardianship in Aotearoa New Zealand. However, it did not result in any special legal standing for grandparents seeking contact with their grandchildren, so as to ensure their continued presence in a grandchild’s life following a relationship breakdown, or where contact is resisted.METHODS: Non-doctrinal policy law research methods were used to analyse policies that were relied upon during the law’s promulgation, impacts of the law since its enactment, and associated issues that have arisen in its application by practitioners. Litigation to date involving grandparental rights of contact was studied, using Lexis Nexis Westlaw New Zealand, including its family law suite of searchable databases.FINDINGS: The research revealed a number of processes available under the Care of Children Act and associated family law legislation which may be helpful to grandparents who seek contact with grandchildren. However, none of them resolve the central issue of lack of legal standing, which continues to be an important impediment for grandparents who seek assurance of continuing contact with their grandchildren following family breakdown.CONCLUSIONS: Examples of law changes which have occurred in other jurisdictions, notably Canada, are offered in support of reform of the Care of Children Act, which would bring Aotearoa New Zealand more in line with other, more progressive countries in its treatment of grandparent/grandchild relationships.
Evaluating social work supervision
Authors: Davys Allyson Mary , May Janet , Burns Beverly , O’Connell Michael
Published: November 2017

INTRODUCTION: The question of whether the practice of professional supervision is effective, and how its effectiveness can be measured, has been debated by both social work and other professions. This study explored how practitioners, supervisors and managers in Aotearoa New Zealand currently evaluate the supervision they receive, provide and/or resource.  The study was interprofessional involving counsellors, mental health nurses, psychologists and social workers. This article focuses on the findings from the social work cohort.METHODS: Through an on-line Qualtrics survey participants were asked: 1) how they currently evaluated professional/clinical supervision; and 2) how they thought professional/clinical supervision could be evaluated. Data were extracted through the Qualtrics reporting functions and thematic analysis was used to identify themes. A total of 329 participants completed the survey of which 145 (44%) were social workers.  FINDINGS: A majority of the social work participants reported that they evaluated supervision in some form. No culture or policy emerged regarding supervision evaluation, but social workers expressed interest in training and resources to assist evaluation and some saw a supportive and endorsement role for the professional or regulatory bodies. An unexpected finding was reports of unsatisfactory and harmful supervision.CONCLUSION: Evaluation of supervision is an activity with which social workers engage, but further research is needed to explore how evaluation can be embedded in supervision practice. More critically, a broader audit is required to reconsider the definition and model of social work supervision in Aotearoa New Zealand and the environments within which supervision occurs.
Many faces, many fields: Social work in changing times
Authors: Beddoe Liz , Keddell Emily
Published: November 2017

Editorial for issue 29(3).
Subcortical amplitude modulation encoding deficits suggest evidence of cochlear synaptopathy in normal-hearing 18–19 year olds with higher lifetime noise exposure
Authors: Paul Brandon T. , Waheed Sajal , Bruce Ian C. , Roberts Larry E.
Published: November 2017

Noise exposure and aging can damage cochlear synapses required for suprathreshold listening, even when cochlear structures needed for hearing at threshold remain unaffected. To control for effects of aging, behavioral amplitude modulation (AM) detection and subcortical envelope following responses (EFRs) to AM tones in 25 age-restricted (18–19 years) participants with normal thresholds, but different self-reported noise exposure histories were studied. Participants with more noise exposure had smaller EFRs and tended to have poorer AM detection than less-exposed individuals. Simulations of the EFR using a well-established cochlear model were consistent with more synaptopathy in participants reporting greater noise exposure.
Run Again Another Day: The Role of Consumer Characteristics and Satisfaction in Repeat Consumption of a Sport-Related Experience Product
Authors: Baker Bradley J. , Jordan Jeremy S. , Funk Daniel C.
Published: November 2017

The authors investigated the influence of consumer characteristics (prior race experience, gender, age, education, family structure, and area of residence) on event satisfaction and the satisfaction–repeat participation link in the context of a long-distance running event. Based on a survey of runners (N = 3,295) combined with registration data from two races, results suggest characteristics that commonly influence satisfaction in nonsport contexts fail to demonstrate similar effects in participant sport events. Results provide evidence that first-time marathon participation and variety-seeking behavior specific to running represent meaningful predictors of decreased future event participation behavior. Evidence is provided of a linear satisfaction–behavior relationship. In addition, the impact of using behavioral intention as a proxy for behavior in academic research is examined, indicating that caution must be observed regarding inherent differences between the constructs. Results from the current study provide sport organizations with a better understanding of why consumers make repeat purchases of sport-related experience products.
The National Collegiate Athletic Association as a Social-Control Agent: Addressing Misconduct Through Organizational Layering
Authors: Walker Khirey B. , Seifried Chad S. , Soebbing Brian P.
Published: November 2017

The present study focuses on the National Collegiate Athletic Association and cases of misconduct from 1953 to 2016 to examine evidence of organizational layering created by social-control agents. The historical method was employed and found wrongdoing may influence the creation of organizational layers to control and/or manage future behavior. Furthermore, the activities of the National Collegiate Athletic Association featured variation in centralization, formalization, and complexity through expanding horizontal; vertical (e.g., institutional, managerial, and technical); and spatial differentiations. Second, individual social-control agents impact future organizational policies and member behavior but social-control agents’ power may be challenged as an organization grows. Third, as a social-control agent, the National Collegiate Athletic Association struggled with assessing cases of misconduct, assigning sanctions in a timely manner and at a level to deter future wrongdoing. Finally, the present study offers several propositions connecting third-party regulators to the synergy between complexity (i.e., horizontal and vertical differentiations); formalization; and centralization.
Genome Sequences of Chancellor, Mitti, and Wintermute, Three Subcluster K4 Phages Isolated Using Mycobacterium smegmatis mc
2
155
Authors: Edgington Nicholas P. , Voshell Stephanie M. , Ware Vassie C. , Akoto Francis F. , Alhout Alexa A. , Atwal Gurvina J. , Balyozian John B. , Cadieux Zachary A. , Chop Brianna M. , Cresawn Steven G. , Cudkevich Netta , Faltine-Gonzalez Dylan Z. , Garlena Rebecca A. , Gilmer Blair J. , Graham Lee H. , Grapel Matthew S. , Haleem Maaz M. , Jacobs-Sera Deborah , Kenna Margaret A. , Khan Maryam A. , Klein Taylor N. , Korenberg Jamie B. , Lichak Brooke P. , Mageeney Catherine M. , McKinley Lauren N. , Mendello Kourtney R. , Myers Cameron M. , Nguyen Alexander T. , Pasqualucci Bryan A. , Pope Welkin H. , Pyfer Lauren M. , Ramirez Wascar A. , Reisner Julia R. , Russell Daniel A. , Sapao Paulene A. , Saux Virginia C. , Singh Inderjeet , Stoner Ty H. , Swope Rachel H. , Thoonkuzhy Matthew J. , Walters Madeleine L. , Vargas Lauren A. , Veliz Croldy A. , Zhang Kevin D. , Zuilkoski Caitlin M. , Hatfull Graham F.
Published: November 2017

Mycobacteriophages Chancellor, Mitti, and Wintermute infect
Mycobacterium smegmatis
mc
2
155 and are closely related to phages Cheetobro and Fionnbharth in subcluster K4. Genome sizes range from 57,697 bp to 58,046 bp. Phages are predicted to be temperate and to infect the pathogen
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
.
Genome Sequences of Subcluster K5 Mycobacteriophages AlleyCat, Edugator, and Guillsminger
Authors: King Rodney A. , Slowan-Pomeroy Tina M. , Thomas Jodi E. , Ahmed Tithe , Alexander Katie L. , Biddle James M. , Daniels Makenzie K. , Rowlett Jenna R. , Senay Taylor E. , Rinehart Claire A. , Staples Amanda K. , Rowland Naomi S. , Gaffney Bobby L. , Emmons Christine B. , Hauk Maya D. , Nguyen Rebecca L. , Naegele Leonard , Strickland Summer S. , Briggs Laura A. , Rush Alexander N. , Saha Sanghamitra , Sadana Rachna , Cresawn Steven G. , Russell Daniel A. , Garlena Rebecca A. , Pope Welkin H. , Jacobs-Sera Deborah , Hatfull Graham F.
Published: November 2017

Bacteriophages AlleyCat, Edugator, and Guillsminger were isolated on
Mycobacterium smegmatis
mc
2
155 from enriched soil samples. All are members of mycobacteriophage subcluster K5, with genomes of 62,112 to 63,344 bp. Each genome contains 92 to 99 predicted protein-coding genes and one tRNA. Guillsminger is the first mycobacteriophage to carry an IS
1380
family transposon.
Genome Sequence of a Porcine Bocavirus Detected in Feces of Domestic Minks in China
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhao Jing , Zheng Min , Liu Zhijian , Yuan Jiaqi , Zhao Jieji , Shen Quan , Fan Zhaobin , Jiang Lili , Yang Shixing
Published: November 2017

We report here the genome sequence of porcine bocavirus strain PBov-JZ08, which was isolated from mink feces in China. Sequence analysis implied that PBov-JZ08 clustered with three porcine bocaviruses.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Methicillin-Resistant Sequence Type 39 Staphylococcal Isolate Obtained from Seafood
Authors: Sivaraman G. K. , Vanik Deesha , Visnuvinayagam S. , Prasad Mothadaka Mukteswar , Murugadas V. , Nadella Ranjit Kumar , Ravishankar C. N.
Published: November 2017

The draft genome sequence of a methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) sequence type 39 (ST 39) isolate obtained from the dried ribbonfish of Gujarat, India, is reported here.
Staphylococcus
-specific genes were present in this MRSA isolate. The whole-genome sequence of this strain contains 2,693 protein-coding genes and 70 RNAs within the 2.82-Mb genome.
Genome Sequence of Fusarium graminearum ITEM 124 (ATCC 56091), a Mycotoxigenic Plant Pathogen
Authors: Zapparata Antonio , Da Lio Daniele , Somma Stefania , Vicente Muñoz Isabel , Malfatti Luca , Vannacci Giovanni , Moretti Antonio , Baroncelli Riccardo , Sarrocco Sabrina
Published: November 2017

Fusarium graminearum
is among the main causal agents of
Fusarium
head blight (FHB), or scab, of wheat and other cereals, caused by a complex of
Fusarium
species, worldwide. Besides causing economic losses in terms of crop yield and quality,
F. graminearum
poses a severe threat to animal and human health. Here, we present the first draft whole-genome sequence of the mycotoxigenic
Fusarium graminearum
strain ITEM 124, also providing useful information for comparative genomics studies.
Draft Genome Sequences of Nonclinical and Clinical Enterobacter cloacae Isolates Exhibiting Multiple Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Factors
Authors: Mishra Mitali , Patole Shashank , Mohapatra Harapriya
Published: November 2017

Enterobacter
spp. have been implicated as opportunistic pathogens which over the years have gained resistance toward most of the available therapeutic drugs. We sequenced two multidrug-resistant
Enterobacter cloacae
isolates harboring multiple efflux pump genes. These isolates exhibited strain-specific modulation of efflux pump protein expression.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of
Lactobacillus
Species from Two Commercial Probiotic Products
Authors: Colavecchio Anna , Leo Victoria , Zaccheo Sophia , Jeukens Julie , Emond-Rheault Jean-Guillaume , Hamel Jérémie , Kukavica-Ibrulj Irena , Levesque Roger C. , Goodridge Lawrence
Published: November 2017

Eight
Lactobacillus
strains, each intrinsically resistant to an antibiotic, were isolated from two commercial probiotic products. Whole-genome sequencing identified two efflux transporters, a multidrug and extrusion protein (MATE) efflux transporter, and LmrCD, which may contribute to their intrinsic antibiotic resistance and may therefore facilitate their survival in the intestinal microbiota following antibiotic therapy.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Human Papillomavirus Isolated from Oral Rinse
Authors: Chen Zigui , Wong Martin C. S. , Wong Po Yee , Ho Wendy C. S. , Liang Miaoyin , Yeung Apple C. M. , Chan Paul K. S.
Published: November 2017

A novel human papillomavirus (HPV TG550) isolated from the oral rinse of a Chinese male resident was fully characterized. The L1 open reading frame of HPV TG550 shares 82.5% nucleotide sequence similarity with its closest relative, HPV166, and clusters within the species group
Gammapapillomavirus 19
.