bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BLOOM’S TAXONOMY ON READING EXERCISES IN ENGLISH TEXTBOOK “ BAHASA INGGRIS” FOR GRADE TEN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Theresia Chintia , Gultom Johannes Jefria , Siregar Tiarnita Maria
Published: February 2022

BLOOM’S TAXONOMY ON READING EXERCISES IN ENGLISH TEXTBOOK “BAHASA INGGRIS” FOR GRADE TEN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS*Chintia Theresia**Johannes Jefria Gultom,S.Pd.,M.Hum.**Tiarnita Maria Sarjani Siregar,S.Pd.,M.Hum.ABSTRACTTheresia,Chintia. Registration Number: 216121006. Bloom’s Taxonomy on Reading Exercises inEnglish Textbook “Bahasa Inggris” for Grade Ten Senior High School. A Thesis, EnglishEducation Study Program, Faculty of Languages and Arts,Universitas Negeri Medan,2020.The purpose of this study was to find the types of reading exercises and the distribution of Bloom’s Taxonomy incognitive domain in the third revision of English Textbook for grade ten Senior High School students published byPusat Perbukuan dan Kurikulum . Based on Revised version of Bloom’s Taxonomy (2001) there are 3 domain inBloom Taxonomy such as the cognitive domain, affective domain and psychomotor domain. This study focused oncognitive domain. There are six level of cognitive domain; remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate andcreate. Based on Heaton Theory, there are 5 types of reading exercises. Namely, matching test, true false, multiplechoice, completion item, and open ended. This study used the qualitative method to solve the problems. The data ofthis study were taken from 172 questions from 30 reading exercises. For collecting the data this study used onetechnique, that is documentation. Analysis technique used which were data reduction, data displays and conclusiondrawing/ verification. The finding of this study are there are 43% for remember, 32% for understand, 5% for apply,15% for analyze, 3 % for evaluate, and 2 % for create. There are 3 of 5 types of question used in this textbook.Keywords : Bloom’s Taxonomy, Cognitive Domain, Questions, Reading,
DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY WORKSHEET USING SCIENTIFIC APPROACH ON WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT FOR THE SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS AT SMP NEGERI 2 BABALAN
Authors: Dewi Amalia Chandra , Husein Rahmad , Lubis Safrida
Published: February 2022

DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY WORKSHEET USINGSCIENTIFIC APPROACH ON WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT FORTHE SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS AT SMP NEGERI 2 BABALAN*Amalia Chandra Dewi**Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed.**Safrida Lubis, S.Pd., M.Hum.ABSTRACTSDewi, Amalia Chandra. Registration Number: 2133121003. DevelopingStudents’ Vocabulary Worksheet using Scientific Approach on WritingDescriptive Text for the Seventh Grade Students at SMP Negeri 2 Babalan. AThesis. English Education Program, State University of Medan, 2020.The aimed of this study was to develop students’ vocabulary worksheet based onscientific approach on writing descriptive text for seventh grade students at SMPNegeri 2 Babalan. This study was conducted by using Research and Development(R&D) design through six stages; gathering information and data, analyzing data,designing materials, validating by experts, revising, and final product.The subjectof the study was grade VII of SMP Negeri 2 Babalan. The instruments of datacollection were gathered by administering interview and distributingquestionnaire. The study conducted interview to the English teacher anddistributing questionnaire to 27 respondents to get the students’ needs. Theinterview and questionnaire results proved that the students need vocabularyworksheet based on scientific approach in writing descriptive which can helpstudents to enrich the vocabulary. The product has been validated by an Englishlecturer and an English teacher with the average score is 4.6. The product wascategorized as “Very good” students’ vocabulary worksheet in writing descriptivetext. The final product of this study was a set of developed students’ vocabularyworksheet in writing descriptive text, it consisted five parts which were adaptedfrom Scientific Approach. Every part has 3-5 tasks that covered the learningneeds. It also has key words and the topics that are going to be done by thestudents in the first page of every part of the worksheet.Keywords : Vocabulary, Worksheet, Scientific Approach, Research andDevelopment (R&D), Writing Descriptive Text
DEVELOPING ENGLISH READING MATERIALS BASED ON PROBLEM BASED LEARNING FOR VOCATIONAL STUDENTS OF COMPUTER NETWORK ENGINEERING IN SMK CINTA RAKYAT PEMATANG SIANTAR
Authors: Saragih Benny , Saragih Amrin
Published: February 2022

DEVELOPING ENGLISH READING MATERIALS BASED ON PROBLEM BASEDLEARNING FOR VOCATIONAL STUDENTS OF COMPUTER NETWORKENGINEERING IN SMK CINTA RAKYAT PEMATANG SIANTAR* Benny Saragih** Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A., Ph.D.ABSTRACTSaragih, Benny, Registration Number: 2133121015, Developing English Reading MaterialsBased on Problem Based Learning for Vocational Students of Computer NetworkEngineering in SMK Cinta Rakyat Pematang Siantar. A Thesis. English EducationProgram, State University of Medan, 2020.This research was aimed to develop appropriate reading materials based on Problem BasedLearning for the eleventh-grade students of Computer Network Engineering program in SMKCinta Rakyat Pematang Siantar. This study was conducted by using the Research andDevelopment design through five phases, such as; a. gathering information and data, b; analyzingdata, c. designing new materials, d. validating by experts, and e. developing the final product. Thesubject of this study was the eleventh-grade computer network engineering students of SMKCinta Rakyat Pematang Siantar. The data were collected from the existing textbook, syllabus,interview with English teacher and distributing questionnaires for 25 students. Based on the needanalysis, it was concluded that the students were in need of appropriate reading materials whichare related to computer science, particularly in form of procedure texts. In response to thisinformation, some relevant and appropriate reading materials were developed, namely; a. How tostart Windows PowerShell, b. Installing Avast Antivirus, c. How to Create Ad-hoc Connection,and d. Troubleshooting Computer Problems. These developed procedure text have been revisedand validated by a team of experts which consisted of an English lecturer and an English teacherbefore acquiring the final product. The first expert evaluated the final product with a score of 4.12from the total of 5 points. The second expert evaluated the final product with a score of 4.03 fromthe total of 5 points. Based on the Likert scale, the final product is categorized as suitable withstudents‟ need. Therefore, the developed reading materials are considered appropriate for theeleventh-grade students of Computer Network Engineering program in SMK Cinta RakyatPematang Siantar.Keywords: Research and Development, Vocational School, English for Specific Purposes,Computer Network Engineering
A TRANSITIVITY ANALYSIS ON STUDENTS’ WRITING RECOUNT TEXT
Authors: Sianipar Septyana D , Ginting Siti Aisah , Siregar Tiarnita M. S
Published: February 2022

A TRANSITIVITY ANALYSIS ON STUDENTS’ WRITING RECOUNT TEXT *Septyana D Sianipar ** Siti Aisah Ginting ** Tiarnita M. S Siregar Abstract The objectives of this study were to find out the types of transitivity system used on students’ writing recount texts. Further, this study also aims to identify the types of transitivity systems realized in students’ writing recount texts. This study was conducted by using a descriptive qualitative design method. The data were 15 pieces of recount texts written by tenth grade students of SMAN 21 Medan being analyzed as the data. From this research, it was found that in all units of students’ writing recount texts, there were 249 clauses. In these clauses, all process types can be found with varieties of the usage, they were: material process, mental process, relational process, behavioral process, verbal process, and existential process. As for the participants, almost all can be found in students’ recount texts: actor, goal, range, senser, phenomenon, token, value, carrier, attribute, possessor, possessed, behaver, sayer, verbiage, existent, and beneficiary ones. Only two participants were not found in the texts: the range and the target ones. As for circumstances, there were seven circumstances found in the students’ recount texts: extent, location, manner, cause, accompaniment, and matter. The contingency, angle, and role aspects however, were not found. The realization of the transitivity system on students writing recount texts, were found with varieties of the usage in constructing language features of the students’ recount texts. The processes were realized by personal pronoun, direct and indirect objects. Finally, the circumstances were realized by prepositional and adverbial phrases. Keywords: Transitivity System, Writing, Students’ recount texts.
Developing Speaking Board Game of Descriptive Text at MAN 1 Medan
Authors: Hamka Ade
Published: February 2022

Developing Speaking Board Game of Descriptive Text at MAN 1 Medan Hamka Ade1 1Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Universitas Negeri Medan Medan, Indonesia 1 adehamka98@gmail.com Abstract The aim of this study is to develop a learning media on teaching Descriptive Text at MAN 1 Medan. This study was conducted by Research & Development (R&D) design. The source of the data are the students of MAN 1 Medan which consists of thirty two students. To collect the data, the online questionnaires to the students of MAN 1 Medan was shared to obtain the students’ needs of learning media of descriptive text in the classroom and conducted an interview with the classroom teacher. There are some steps should be done to develop a learning media: Evaluation and Needs Analysis, Learning Media Design, Learning Media Development, Validation by Experts, Revision and Final Product. After doing the Evaluation and Needs Analysis, it is found that the existing learning media used in the classroom to teach Descriptive Text is not interesting for most students and unable to enhance their ability especially in Speaking skills. It can be shown from the result of the questionnaire that 87.5 % of students need a learning media to help them in improving their ability in English especially in descriptive text topic, and 46.9 % of students prefer Speaking Board Game as their learning media. The product has been validated by the experts namely English lecturer and English teacher. The product result was Speaking Board Game which is modifying Snake and Ladder game that is acclimated with the basic competence of K13. The result of experts’ validation showed that the media was an appropriate media to be used on speaking descriptive text by obtaining the average percentage 95.1% or categorized as excellent. Key words : Research and Development, Learning Media, Descriptive Text, Speaking Board Game
AN ANALYSIS OF HIGH ORDER THINKING SKILL (HOTS) IN ENGLISH QUESTIONS OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL NATIONAL EXAMINATION 2018/2019
Authors: Yanti Ade Dama , Rika Rika , Siregar Tiarnita Maria
Published: February 2022

AN ANALYSIS OF HIGH ORDER THINKING SKILL (HOTS) IN ENGLISH QUESTIONS OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL NATIONAL EXAMINATION 2018/2019 *Ade Dama Yanti **Rika, S.Pd., M.Hum. **Tiarnita Maria Sarjani Br. Siregar, S.Pd., M.Hum. ABSTRACT Ade Dama Yanti. 2161121001. An Analysis of High Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) in English Questions of Junior High School National Examination 2018/2019. A Thesis. English Education Program. State University of Medan, 2020. This study aimed to find out the level of thinking skills and to describe out the thinking skills distributed in English National Examination for Junior High School academic year 2018/2019 based on HOTS of Revised Taxonomy Bloom (2001). There are three level thinking skills in HOTS, the first is anyze skill which has the subskills of differentiating, organizing, and attributing. The second is evalute skill which has the subskills of checking and critiquing. The third is create skill which has the subskills of generating, planning, and producing. In solving the problems, this study used descriptive qualitative method. The data were obtained through documentation. There were four packages of the English National Examination which consisted of 50 questions in every package. The total of the questions were 200 questions. In analyzing the data, the researcher used the techniques of observation and the documentary analysis. The findings showed that the four packages applied analyze skill and evaluate skill of HOTS which were 18,5% of analyze skill and 4% of evaluate skill out of 200 questions. While for the distribution of the subskills, for the analyze skill had all the subskills except the differetiating skill and for the evaluate skill had all the subskills in the questions of the four packages. Keywords: English Questions, HOTS, National Examination
TEACHERS’ ELICTATION TECHNIQUES IN ENGLISH CLASSROOM INTERACTION AT SMK NEGERI 13 MEDAN
Authors: Fitri Khairiana , Harahap Neni Afrida , Gultom Johannes Jefria
Published: February 2022

TEACHERS’ ELICTATION TECHNIQUES IN ENGLISH CLASSROOM INTERACTION AT SMK NEGERI 13 MEDAN *Khairiana Fitri **Neni Afrida Sari Harahap **Johannes Jefria Gultom Abstract This research was dealt with elicitation techniques used by the teacher in English Classroom Interaction. The objectives of this study were (1) to identify the subcategory of elicitation techniques used by the teacher in English classroom interaction at SMKN 13 Medan (2) to find out the reasons which affect the use of elicitation techniques in English classroom interaction at SMKN 13 Medan. A descriptive qualitative design was used in this study. The data were collected by recording the utterances of teacher. The data were analyzed by data condensation, data display, conclusion drawing/verification. (1) There were 259 elicitations used by the teacher in the classroom interaction. The subcategories that have been found in teacher utterances are elicitation for information, elicitation for confirmation, elicitation for agreement, elicitation for commitment, elicitation for repetition, and elicitation for clarification. (2) For the reasons which affect the use of elicitation techniques. There were six reasons, they were lack of skill and knowledge of teacher, lack confidence of students in class participation, passive recipient of information, reluctant students, large class size, and low level of learners. Meanwhile, the short duration of class and late arrival of students in class were not the reasons which affect the use of elicitation techniques. Keywords : Teachers’ Elicitation Techniques , Classroom Interaction, DescriptiveQualitative.
METAPHOR OF MODALITY IN CLASSROOM INTERACTION
Authors: Sati Raissa , Ginting Siti Aisah , Hartoyo Indra
Published: February 2022

METAPHOR OF MODALITY IN CLASSROOM INTERACTION *Raissa Sati ** Dr. Siti Aisah Ginting, M.Pd **Indra Hartoyo, S.Pd, M. Hum ABSTRACT This study aims at analyzing the types and realization of metaphor of modality in classroom interaction of grade eleven Global Prima National Plus Medan. Qualitative research design was used by the researcher to conduct this study. The subjects of this study were the teacher and the students in grade eleven Global Prima National Plus Medan in academic 2018/2019. The data were collected by observed and recorded to find the types of metaphor of modality being used and also to find out how the metaphor of modality is realized in classroom interaction. The data were analyzed by using Miles and Huberman data analysis technique. The findings of the study show that teacher and students used all the types of metaphor of modality in classroom interaction, such as modalization (probability 86,79% with 46 occurances, usuality 1,88% with 1 occurance) and modulation (obligation 3,77% with 2 occurances, inclination 7,54% with 4 occurances) . Metaphor of modality in classroom interaction was realized by the category probability (think, believe, possible), usuality (ussually), obligation (be obligied to) dan inclination (be allowed, recommend, permission). Key words: Teaching, English, Culinary.
Między teraźniejszością a przyszłością. Strategia rozwoju miasta w świetle koncepcji smart city
Authors: Kozłowski Wojciech , Suwara Kacper
Published: February 2022

Monografia ma charakter teoretyczno-empiryczny. Poruszana w niej problematyka łączy elementy dwóch dyscyplin naukowych, tj.: nauki o zarządzaniu i jakości oraz ekonomii i finansów. W części teoretycznej podjęto rozważania na płaszczyźnie ekonomii rozwoju i zarządzania miastem w obszarze funkcjonowania miasta, problemów formułowania i wdrażania strategii jego rozwoju oraz funkcjonowania i strategii rozwoju smart miasta. W części empirycznej monografii zaprezentowano wyniki badań własnych. Dotyczyły one smart projektów i rozwiązań występujących w wybranych miastach europejskich, azjatyckich i amerykańskich, społeczno-ekonomicznych uwarunkowań strategii rozwoju smart miasta, wdrażania koncepcji smart city w polskich miastach, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem miasta Olsztyn oraz postaw jego mieszkańców względem samej idei smart city oraz istniejących i przyszłościowych inteligentnych rozwiązań mających na celu zwiększenie jakości życia w mieście. Z badań wynika, że na Świecie miasta różnią się smart inicjatywami. Ich zróżnicowanie wynika z odmiennych potrzeb społecznych, różnorodności kulturowej, stopnia świadomości społecznej, skali inwestycji w sektor naukowo-badawczy, poziomu rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego oraz posiadanych zasobów materialnych i niematerialnych, które mogą być lokowane w obszarach smart miasta. W polskich miastach wdrażane są przede wszystkim pojedyncze, już istniejące i sprawdzone w innych miastach rozwiązania w obszarze ekologicznej miejskiej mobilności oraz infrastruktury. Chociaż, strategia rozwoju Olsztyna nie jest oparta na idei smart city, to w mieście widoczne są smart rozwiązania, głównie w obszarze smart mobilności (np. system ITS, rower miejski, inteligentne oświetlenie miejskie). Mieszkańcy Olsztyna uważają, że miasto powinno przede wszystkim skupić się na wdrażaniu projektów z zakresu środowiska naturalnego oraz warunków życia (np. recyklomaty, solarne ławki i elektryczne autobusy oraz miejskie aplikacje mobilne o charakterze turystycznym, informacyjnym lub rekreacyjnym).
The Effects of Non-Digital Game-Based Learning and Cognitive Level of Questions on Isometric Transformations
Authors: Hamden Hamid Shamsurya , Zulkiply Norehan , Mohamad Fitri Suraya
Published: February 2022

Abstract: The present study examined the effects of the non-digital game-based instructional method and the cognitive level of questions in determining students’ achievement in mathematics, particularly in Isometric Transformation. The study used a quasi-experimental design and involved 116 participants (i.e., form two students) from two local secondary schools in Kuching. The participants were divided into control and experimental groups – the control group learned the Isometric Transformation topic via conventional learning, while the experimental group used non-digital game-based learning (NDGBL). The results showed that participants who learned using the NDGBL scored better in the Isometric Transformation test than those who learned the topic using the conventional instructional method. The present findings also showed that participants’ achievement of Isometric Transformation differed significantly between cognitive levels of questions. In particular, participants’ achievements were recorded better for lower-level cognitive questions than higher-level cognitive questions. However, there was no significant interaction effect between the instructional method and the cognitive levels of questions on participants’ achievement in the topic learned. The study provided empirical evidence on the role of NDGBL in learning Isometric Transformation, in that it should be considered as an alternative approach for learning Isometric Transformation and Mathematics in general,  with an effective integration into the secondary mathematics curriculum.

 

Keywords: Game-Based Learning, Conventional Learning, Isometric Transformations, Students’ Achievement, Thinking Skills
Mathematical Readiness of Freshmen Engineering Students (K-12 2020 Graduates) in Eastern Visayas in the Philippines
Authors: Wenceslao Perante
Published: February 2022

Abstract: This study assessed the mathematical and analytical readiness of the incoming first-year college engineering students (K-12 2020 graduates) in Eastern Visayas in the Philippines. First-year engineering students (n=177) participated in the College Math Readiness Test (CMRT), a questionnaire on mathematics subjects that covered Precalculus, Analytical Geometry, Series and Mathematical Induction, Trigonometry, and Basic Calculus: Limits and Continuity, Derivatives, and Integration. The findings indicate that 43% of the respondents were mathematically-college-ready (MCR) and 57% were not-mathematically-college-ready (NMCR). Regarding the NMCR, 39% fared fairly and 18% fared poorly in the CMRT. This suggests that remedial support for mathematics for this group may be required for them to be college-ready for an engineering course. The respondents had the lowest correct mean score for the Integration subjects: Evaluating Differential Equations (15%), Evaluating Definite Integrals (16%), and Solving Area Between Curves (19%).  The results of the ranking of the Senior High Schools (SHS) showed that 13 SHS with at least 2 takers and 24 SHS with single takers need to improve their quality of teaching to enhance the mathematical competence of their graduates. The findings of this study were used to identify remediation areas and recommendations to improve the students' college mathematical and analytical readiness. 

 

Keywords: K-12, college-math-readiness, engineering students, Philippines
Internationalisation of Curriculum Delivery: Complexities of English as an Instructional Language in a non-English Culture
Authors: Mohd Faiz Nur Sofurah , Mohamed Maziana
Published: February 2022

Abstract: English language is the main lingua-franca in higher education worldwide. For that reason, higher education institutions in Malaysia including the Malaysian Technical and Vocational University (MTVU, a pseudonym) have been promoting English as the language of instruction. With the existence of international students and voluminous English academic resources, implementing English as the language of instruction is a significant commitment. International students, as well as academic staff in MTVU however, come from various non-western cultures where English is not their native language. This paper focuses on an issue related to the use of English language amongst these groups in learning and teaching processes. Jin’s (1992) theories underlying Cultural Synergy model was used as the underpinning theories of the study. Data collected were from focus group and semi–structured in-depth interviews which were conducted with eleven international students and nine academic staff in MTVU. Through interpretive thematic analysis, findings highlighted that limited English proficiency is not only an issue solely for international students, but also for academic staff. This paper reveals this unique and complex issue from the perspectives of both students and staff. The paper then further discusses the consequences of these complexities for the learning and teaching environment.

 

Keywords: Academic staff, English language, International students, Learning and teaching, Malaysian TVET
Turismo, bricherismo y etnicidad en el proceso de consolidación mestizo-indígena en el Perú.
Authors: LOARTE-MAURICIO A.-PABLO
Published: February 2022

Los mestizos-indígenas, demográficamente hegemónicos en el Perú, se han integrado a la vida social, económica y política del país. Entre muchos factores; se cree que los bricheros, clasificados dentro del turismo sexual, contribuyeron a recolocar lo indígena en el discurso identitario. La literatura y la etnografía develan que el turismo favoreció a los bricheros, quienes aprovecharon su exotismo para seducir a mujeres de países desarrollados con el objetivo de vivir a expensas de ellas o salir del país. Así mismo, al revalorizar su identidad cultural, consolidaron lo étnicamente andino, y representan al sector social más dinámico y progresista del Perú.
Caracterización y modelado de un reactor anaerobio de flujo ascendente empacado con lecho de lodos
Authors:   , Vian Pérez José Guadalupe
Published: February 2022

The generation and deficient disposal of solid urban waste is an environmental and public health problem. Hence, it is necessary to develop energy recovery technologies of this kind of waste or implement existing ones. In this brief context, the objective of this work was to characterize a novel reactor for the anaerobic treatment of fruit and vegetable residues. The performance of the novel up-flow anaerobic sludge bed was first experimentally evaluated. The reactor exhibited 67% of solids removal, and the methane productivity was similar to that reported for two-stage systems treating fruit and vegetable wastes (FVW) with organic load speeds greater than 5 g SV·L-¹·d-¹. Optimal reactor performance was achieved by operating at superficial velocities of 1.4 m·h-1 and a hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 10 d, with pH control and operation parameters of 6.5 – 8, temperature of 35 C and organic load velocity of 10 g SV·L-¹·d-¹. At these conditions, the methane productivity obtained was 3.6 LCH4·LR-¹·d-¹. Subsequently, the residence time distribution (RTD) in the reactor was experimentally determined in order to know its flow pattern. In all cases, the flow pattern was found in an intermediate behavior between plug flow and complete mixing. Thus, this information allows to confirm that there is a separation of sections in the reactor. It was found as the main source of back-mixing the biogas flow and solids concentration in the sludge bed and waste packing area, however, this effect is minimized by increasing the surface velocity of the liquid phase. The flow pattern was satisfactorily described through an axial dispersion mathematical model, also considering the presence of stagnation zones. Moreover, the superficial velocity of the liquid phase decreases the effect of biogas flow. The flow pattern was satisfactorily described through an axial dispersion model also considering the presence of stagnation zones. Finally, the kinetics of anaerobic degradation of FVW were analyzed, finding significant effect of particle size and substrate composition on methane production. Anaerobic digestion of FVW with a particle size < 500 μm and a readily biodegradable fraction of 0.73 showed inhibition phenomena. The information allowed to establish a mathematical model in which the main variables are the particle size and the proportion of the readily biodegradable fraction in the residue.
Bioproceso para obtener ácido cítrico, a partir de un material lignocelulósico
Authors:   , Guzmán Gil Raymundo
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to develop a biotechnological process to produce citric acid, through the bioreaction of Opuntia ficus indica residues, as raw material, from Agroindustrial Residue generated in the Milpa Alta Delegation, Mexico City. The microorganisms Pycnoporus cinnabarinus and Aspergillus niger performed the bioreactions process in homogeneous bioreactors. The efficiency of the deslignification with Pycnoporus cinnabarinus was measured under different operating conditions: 4 and 6 pH levels, 30° C and 50° C temperatures; and 0.074 mm and 0.25 mm particle size, and the efficiency of the biotransformation with Aspergillus niger was measured under different operating conditions: 2 and 4 pH levels, 20 g/L and 30 g/L of cellulose, and high and low concentrations of trace elements: Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn) and Zinc (Zn). The deslignification and citric acid production was evaluated by IR spectroscopy and the effects of the factors and their interactions were evaluated through the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Moreover the pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and the oxide-reduction potential (ORP) were monitored during the bioreactions, as well as the concentrations of biomass and total reducing carbohydrates, using the methods of Bradford and 3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) respectively. Using analysis of IR spectroscopy percentages of deslignification were observed around 67% during bioreactions. The maximum citric acid amount obtained was 6.2 g/L at the optimized operation conditions, from 20 g of cellulose, and the values of the constants associated with product formation were α of 2.91, β of 4.28, μm of 0.1362 d-¹, ks of 0.603 g substrate/l, kd of 0.0102.
Análisis de patrones turbulentos de un tanque agitado, utilizando dinámica de fluidos computacional y velocimetría por imágenes de partículas
Authors:   , González Neria Israel
Published: February 2022

In the present investigation, the hydrodynamic behavior in the stirring tank was analyzed. Taking a special interest in the turbulent patterns derived from the generation of turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate. As well as its variation when modifying the surfaces of a 45° pitched 4 blade turbine, when using U and V grooves. Measurements of the velocity fields were carried out with the technique of particle image velocimetry in different planes, with the aim of applying the methodology of angle resolved. The system consists of a double pulse laser with a wavelength of 532nm and 75mJ, a camera with a resolution of 2360 X 1776 pixels and a frequency of 16 frames per second. The agitation tank used is made of acrylic with a diameter of 25cm (T), with four baffles 3mm thick and 2.5cm wide, mounted equidistant on the internal walls. The impeller was placed concentrically at a height from the bottom of the tank equal to C= 1/3T. The working fluid is water and about 12 liters are used to fill the tank to a height of 25cm (H). In addition, the commercial software ANSYS® Fluent® was used to implement the Large Eddy Simulation, in order to investigate the affinity of these results with those obtained experimentally. The implementation of the grooves on the surfaces of the blades led to a reduction in the power number and the pumping number. Furthermore, the distributions of the dissipation rate and of turbulent kinetic energy were modified.
Contaminação do leite materno por agrotóxicos e implicações na saúde infantil
Authors: Sandes Amanda Souza , Amorim Tamires de Carvalho , Queiroz Vitória Pinheiro de , Matos Laise Cedraz Pinto
Published: February 2022

Introdução: O aleitamento materno é uma via de eliminação de poluentes orgânicos persistentes, também conhecidos como agrotóxicos e pesticidas. Esta condição pode gerar conseqüências graves no crescimento infantil e alterações neurológicas em lactentes expostos a estes contaminantes. Objetivo: avaliar o impacto da contaminação do leite materno por agrotóxicos e suas implicações para saúde infantil. Métodos: as buscas desta revisão foram realizadas no PubMed, Medline e Scopus pelos descritores "Milk, Human", "Pesticide" ou "Residue Pesticide" e um total de 34 artigos foram selecionados. Resultados: Muitos estudos detectaram agrotóxicos no leite materno, especialmente organoclorados, em variadas concentrações. Dados controversos também foram identificaram em relação ao baixo nível dos pesticidas no leite e baixa avaliação de risco para lactentes. Houve associação entre o nível de contaminação com características maternas como número de gestações, idade, ocupação, condições sociais, de saúde e alimentação; e efeitos deletérios aos lactentes como alterações no crescimento infantil, na microbiota e comportamentais. Conclusão: a concentração de resíduos de agrotóxicos no leite materno se relaciona à características maternas. Lactentes mais expostos e de gestoras que apresentam maior vulnerabilidade podem apresentar efeitos deletérios à saúde, necessitando de avaliação pediátrica vigilante. As práticas do aleitamento materno e da minimização do uso de agrotóxicos devem ser sempre encorajadas.
Palavras-chave: Aleitamento materno; Agrotóxicos; Leite materno; Pesticidas.
Research of cascade averaging control in hydraulic equilibrium regulation of heating pipe network
Authors: Liu Chunlei , Wang Peiqi , Yang Zhijun , Guo Lijiao , Gao Tian , Wang Chen , Sun Yong
Published: February 2022

The heating pipe network system with such dynamic characteristics as nonlinearity and large time lag may cause hydraulic disorder. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a unit control-based hydraulic equilibrium control strategy, which constructs an equilibrium regulation system for heating pipe networks by optimising the inlet device of each unit and using a novel control theory. By developing a cascade control system to control the return water temperature and the pressure difference between supply and return water of the branches at each unit of the pipe network, we were able to stabilise the pressure and control the temperature. Then, we used the averaging control theory to set the parameters of regulation systems between each unit. The research results indicate that, compared to the traditional single-loop negative-feedback return water temperature control system, the cascade averaging controller has a better control effect than the single-loop PID controller. This is because it has a smaller overshoot and can cope with system interference factors quickly. Therefore, the temperature of return water between each unit can be coordinated and fluctuation is within a smaller range. This effectively eliminates the influence of static and dynamic hydraulic disorder on entire system stability.
Informationisation of teaching model for track and field education based on finite element higher-order fractional differential equation
Authors: Ao Dejiang , Basheri Mohammed , Al-Hamami Mohammad Alaa
Published: February 2022

In order to study the informationised teaching model of track and field education, this paper uses the finite element higher-order fractional differential equation to simulate, to provide high-quality, strong resistance to pressure, physical and mental health talents for the development of the country, through the study of the higher-order fraction of the finite element and track and field course intended to strengthen the application in the innovation of track and field course. The results show that based on the finite element theory of higher-order fractional differential equation, a new teaching model is constructed to solve the current difficulties faced by track and field. Starting from the teaching end, pay attention to the quality of output so as to achieve the purpose of training qualified personnel. Conclusion: In the course of track and field classroom practice based on finite element high-order fractional differential equation, students’ enthusiasm is mobilised, and they take the initiative to learn knowledge and master skills.
Effect of soft tissue manipulation of popliteus muscle on quadriceps muscle activity and torque production in athletes with anterior knee pain
Authors: Pachava Srinivasa Rao , Goel Masoom
Published: February 2022

Study aim: Popliteus is majorly associated with posterior knee pain; however, this muscle can also have an impact on anterior knee pain. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of soft tissue manipulation of popliteus muscle on non-traumatic anterior knee pain in athletes; as the relationship between popliteus and Quadriceps muscle has not been studied/explored much.

Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 15 subjects presenting with non-traumatic anterior knee pain were selected. Quadriceps muscle activity, torque production and knee pain were assessed. Followed by a single session of popliteus manipulation all the above parameters were re-assessed immediately and at 24 hours after intervention.

Results: Significant reduction in pain (P < 0.005) at 24 hours was observed. There was a significant increase in muscle activity of Vastus Medialis (P < 0.05) and Vastus Lateralis (P < 0.005) immediately after the intervention but not after 24 hours. No significant change was found in the activity of Rectus femoris and Peak torque of Quadriceps immediately after the intervention and at 24 hours.

Conclusion: Soft tissue manipulation decreased knee pain and improved muscle activity. Therefore, incorporating popliteus manipulation can be effective in treatment of anterior knee pain.
Triple-layer remote phosphor structure: A potential packaging configuration to enhance both color quality and lumen efficiency of 6,000–8,500 K WLEDs
Authors: Le Phan Xuan , Ho Sang Dang , Quoc Anh Nguyen Doan , Lee Hsiao-Yi
Published: February 2022

To achieve further enhancement in the lighting quality of white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs), this study proposed a packaging structure with three different phosphor layers, called triple-layer remote phosphor structure. This structure can provide an overall control over the light color distribution of WLEDs. The yellow-green-emitting CaAl2O4:Mn2+ phosphor and red-emitting CaMoO4:Eu3+ phosphor are used along with the original yellow-emitting YAG:Ce3+ phosphor to fabricate the triple-layer structure. The concentration of yellow-emitting YAG:Ce3+ phosphor is required to be decreased as the concentrations of other phosphors increase to keep the predetermined correlated color temperatures. The color rendering index (CRI) and the color quality scale (CQS) are measured to reach a thorough color quality assessment for WLEDs. The color management can be achieved by adjusting the concentration of red-emitting CaMoO4:Eu3+ phosphor to enhance the red emission. In addition, adjustment of the concentration of yellow-green-emitting CaAl2O4:Mn2+ phosphor can result in higher luminous efficiency owing to its control over the green light components. Higher CRI is observed when CaMoO4:Eu3+ concentration increases, while an increase in CaAl2O4:Mn2+ phosphor leads to much lower CRI. The CQS – on the other hand – is remarkably high when the CaMoO4:Eu3+ concentration range is about 10wt%–14wt%, regardless of the proportion of the CaAl2O4:Mn2+ phosphor. Furthermore, 40% enhancement in luminous efficiency is also achieved since light scattering is minimized by the boosted green-light emission spectra. Manufacturers can take these findings as reference to fabricate high-quality WLED lights that fulfill all their requirements.
Using different mapping techniques and GIS programs in the analysis and visualisation of mental maps
Authors: Szombara Stanisław
Published: February 2022

The paper presents the review of mapping techniques applied in research using mental maps. The review covers both evaluative and structural mapping. The choice of a method is influenced by the level of freedom given to the respondents while creating sketch maps. It is also highly affected by the area of a given region, scale used in the research and limitations of mapping techniques in GIS software. For large scale maps created in GIS software, it is possible to use quantitative methods, i.e. proportional symbol maps or quantitative signature symbols. Using multiple complementary mapping techniques allows to draw the most comprehensive conclusions in the analyses of perception of a given space in the society.
Karakteristik Pasien Geriatri dengan Osteoartritis Genu yang Mendapatkan Terapi Rehabilitasi Medik di Rumah Sakit Islam Jakarta Sukapura Tahun 2019
Authors: Anggraini Tivalen Dwirara , Sjarqiah Umi
Published: February 2022

Latar Belakang: osteoartritis lutut atau OA genu merupakan salah satu gangguan muskuloskeletal yang sering terjadi pada lansia yang memiliki berbagai faktor risiko yang dapat berpengaruh dalam pencegahan dan penatalaksanaannya agar lebih efektif dan efisien, sehingga sangat penting untuk mengetahui karakteristiknya. Tujuan: diketahuinya karakteristik pasien geriatri dengan osteoartritis genu yang mendapatkan terapi rehabilitasi rawat jalan di Instalasi Rehabilitasi Medik Rumah Sakit Islam Jakarta Sukapura tahun 2019. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian potong lintang dengan mengambil data sekunder yaitu rekam medis, dan perhitungan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Hasil: dari 84 sampel menunjukkan bahwa pasien geriatri dengan OA genu yang mendapatkan terapi rehabilitasi rawat jalan paling banyak pada kelompok umur pre-lansia yaitu 45-59 tahun, jenis kelamin perempuan, lokalisasi nyeri bilateral, tidak memiliki riwayat trauma atau deformitas genu, dan riwayat penyakit komorbid hipertensi. Simpulan: Distribusi karakteristik tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok umur pre-lansia, jenis kelamin perempuan, lokalisasi nyeri bilateral, tidak ada riwayat trauma atau deformitas genu, dan riwayat penyakit komorbid hipertensi.
Gambaran Headache pada Lansia dan Faktor – Faktor yang Mempengaruhinya di Desa Dangiang Kecamatan Kayangan Kabupaten Lombok Utara Nusa Tenggara Barat 2018
Authors: Hasibuan Robiah Khairani , Raafidianti Raischa Sekar
Published: February 2022

Latar Belakang: Semakin bertambahnya usia seseorang maka akan mengalami proses menua karena hal ini maka akan semakin mudah untuk timbul berbagai penyakit, salah satunya adalah Headache. Headache atau sering disebut sebagai sakit kepala merupakan gangguan neurologis yang sering ditemukan. Sakit kepala merupakan suatu jenis nyeri alih ke permukaan kepala yang berasal dari struktur bagian dalam dengan berbagai faktor risiko yang mendasarinya. Tujuan: diketahuinya prevalensi dan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya Headache pada lansia. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan design penelitian Cross-Sectional pada 198 lansia di Dangiang, Lombok Utara pada bulan November 2018, dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan consecutive sampling dan alat instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Faces Rating Scale (FRS). Hasil: angka kejadian responden headache pada lansia di Kecamatan Kayangan, Kabupaten Lombok Utara, adalah 92,4%. Dari semua faktor resiko yang diteliti, tidak satu pun mempunyai hubungan dengan kejadian headache di Kecamatan Kayangan, Kabupaten Lombok Utara. Simpulan: Pada penelitian ini, didapatkan sebagian besar lansia mengalami headache namun berdasarkan hasil analisis bivariat, tidak didapatkan hubungan antara umur, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, dan indeks massa tubuh dengan kejadian Headache pada lansia di Kecamatan Kayangan, Lombok Utara, Nusa Tenggara Barat.
Pendidikan Kesehatan Mempengaruhi Perilaku Remaja Terhadap Pencegahan Keputihan Patologis
Authors: Yulfitria Fauziah , Karningsih Karningsih , Mardeyanti Mardeyanti , Wahyuni Elly Dwi , EVK Theresia
Published: February 2022

Latar Belakang: Keputihan merupakan masalah fisiologis yang sering dialami oleh perempuan. Pada saat keputihan, diharapkan perempuan memiliki perilaku hidup sehat untuk mencegah terjadinya keputihan patologis. Dari beberapa penelitian, didapatkan sebagian besar remaja memiliki perilaku yang kurang baik dalam pencegahan keputihan patologis. Pemberian pendidikan kesehatan merupakan upaya untuk mencegah terjadinya keputihan patologis. Tujuan: Bagaimana pendidikan kesehatan dapat mempengaruhi perilaku pencegahan keputihan patologis. Metode: Semi eksperimen dengan desain pre-test post-test, sampel 150 orang, terdiri dari kelompok intervensi pendidikan kesehatan media leaflet, pendidikan kesehatan media slide power point dan kelompok kontrol. Menggunakan data primer dan analisis univariat serta bivariat. Hasil: Pendidikan kesehatan media leaflet dan slide power point dapat meningkatkan perilaku remaja dalam mencegah keputihan patologis. Simpulan: pendidikan kesehatan dapat mempengaruhi perilaku pencegahan keputihan patologis.
Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Wanita Usia Subur terhadap Pemakaian Alat Kontrasepsi Hormonal Suntik di Puskesmas Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Malang
Authors: Musyayadah Zahrotul , Hidayati Ika Ratna , Atmadani Rizka Novia
Published: February 2022

Latar belakang: Keluarga Berencana (KB) adalah upaya untuk mengatur kelahiran anak, jarak dan usia ideal melahirkan, mengatur kehamilan melalui promosi, perlindungan, dan bantuan sesuai dengan hak reproduksi untuk mewujudkan keluarga yang berkualitas. Terjadi penurunan penggunaan berbagai alat kontrasepsi di seluruh Indonesia pada tahun 2020, yaitu mengalami penurunan hingga 10% yang dikarenakan kekhawatiran masyarakat untuk mendatangi fasilitas kesehatan pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Penurunan penggunaan kontrasepsi menyebabkan meningkatnya jumlah kehamilan tidak direncanakan sebanyak 15% pada tahun 2021 sehingga perlu ditingkatkan dalam penggunaan kontrasepsi untuk mencapai tujuan program KB. Di Indonesia metode yang paling banyak dipakai adalah metode kontrasepsi jenis suntik. Tujuan: mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap Wanita Usia Subur (WUS) terhadap pemakaian alat kontrasepsi hormonal suntik. Metode: Metode Penelitian yang digunakan yaitu observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Teknik sampling yang digunakan yaitu accidental sampling, sehingga didapatkan hasil sejumlah 48 responden. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu dengan uji Chi-square. Hasil: responden yang memiliki pengetahuan yang baik 52%, pengetahuan cukup 44% dan pengetahuan kurang 4%. Responden memiliki sikap positif 58% dan sikap negatif 42%. Pemakaian KB suntik sebanyak 70,8%. Hasil nilai signifikansi uji Chi-square diperoleh nilai p-value untuk pengetahuan 0,602 dan sikap yaitu 0,915. Simpulan: pengetahuan responden kategori baik sebanyak 52%, sikap positif responden sebanyak 28% dan pemakaian KB suntik sebanyak 70,8%. Hasil nilai signifikansi uji Chi-square diperoleh nilai p-value untuk pengetahuan 0,602 dan sikap yaitu 0,915, sehingga dapat disimpulkan tidak terdapat hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap pemakaian alat kontrasepsi hormonal suntik di Puskesmas Kecamatan Lowokwaru.
Assessing the life quality and socio-economic differentiation in rural areas of the Krasnoyarsk Krai
Authors: PARSHUKOV Denis V. , KOLOSKOVA Yuliya I. , SHAPOROVA Zinaida E.
Published: February 2022

Subject. The article considers the socio-economic development of rural areas and ensuring decent living conditions for the rural population.
Objectives. We analyze the indicators of life quality of the rural population of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the socioeconomic development of the region.
Methods. The study employs the index method of assessing the quality of life and the level of socio-economic development.
Results. Rural areas of most districts of the Krasnoyarsk Territory can be classified as extremely depressed. They are characterized by very low level of income, health services, preschool education, and provision of communal infrastructure facilities. Areas with a special legal status, the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration, and certain areas having large industrial enterprises are characterized by higher values of indicators of well-being and infrastructure development. The strong agricultural production in a separate municipal district is not a determining factor of socio-economic development in the current conditions.
Conclusions. It is crucial to develop a regional social standard for the well-being of rural residents. It is necessary to increase the share of budget expenditures for rural areas up to 20–25%, and to adopt a regional interdepartmental program for the development of rural areas of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
Waste management of an industrial region: Evidence from the Sverdlovsk Oblast
Authors: WEGNER-KOZLOVA Ekaterina O.
Published: February 2022

Subject. This article deals with the issues of production and consumption waste management, taking into account the principles of sustainable development.
Objectives. The article aims to assess the main trends in the field of production and consumption waste management in the mining and manufacturing industries of the Sverdlovsk Oblast and propose up-to-date areas for the development of this sphere, based on the principles of sustainability.
Methods. For the study, I used the methods of statistical and comparative analyses.
Results. The article identifies the most promising and relevant for the Sverdlovsk Oblast areas for the development of production and consumption waste management, taking into account the principles of sustainable development.
Conclusions. It is necessary to purposefully develop a regional segment of high-tech, science-intensive small business, focused on the processing of specific production and consumption waste.