bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Price and the efficacy of the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tape for the removal of the proximal dental biofilm compared to the common nylon dental floss in adolescents and young adults.
Authors: Tascón Jorge Eduardo , Giraldo Julio César , Madrid Alejandro , Gallego Mónica del Pilar
Published: July 2024

Objective: To identify the price and the efficacy of the polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE tape as an oral hygiene method for the removal of the proximal dental biofilm, compared to the common nylon dental floss in adolescents and young adults. Methods: The polytetrafluoroethylene tape was used as a method for the removal of the proximal dental biofilm. By a randomized procedure the sample size was of 87 (31 men and 56 women) between 16 and 28 years old. The oral hygiene of the participants was suspended during a period of 12 hours. A suitable disclosing solution was used to paint the dental surfaces. The removal of the biofilm was made by the same operator who used the same technique with the two materials (polytetrafluoroethylene tape and nylon dental floss). The information was collected using the coronal division (in thirds) of the Greene and Vermillion Oral Hygiene Index. This index was modified to evaluate proximal surfaces only. Results: In the group of dental floss the presence of the proximal biofilm was 72.6% before and 11.2% after its removal. In the group of PTFE was 72.9% before and 11% after. After the comparison of the two methods the differences are not significant. PTFE price is 2.7 times lower than common nylon dental floss. Conclusions: The similarity in the removal of the proximal biofilm of the PTFE tape when compared to the nylon floss was significant. Thanks to its biocompatibility, tolerance and its low price, the PTFE tape is an alternative method for the removal of the biofilm in these proximal areas. Results of this study open a way for the investigation on non orthodox techniques, but effective, for the maintenance of the oral health with the only purpose of improving life quality of poor populations.
Frontal neurocysticercosis and attention deficit.
Authors: Barboza Miriam , Sepúlveda Sandra , Montalvo Dilia
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common parasitic disease of the central nervous system. Epilepsy, pyramidal tract dysfunction, increased intracranial pressure and intellectual deterioration are the most frequently recognized clinical manifestations of NCC. Materials and methods: A total of five cases of frontal neurocysticercosis with diagnosis made by neuro-imaging studies are discussed. Symptoms as focal seizures associated to attention deficit were found. To all of them EEG, ELISA in blood and to four in LCR were carried out. Patients were treated with albendazol and carbamazepine. Methylphenidate as a pharmacologic treatment for attention deficit was also prescribed. Results: All of the patients had restlessness to the physical examination, they were impulsive and had inattention. The cerebral computed tomography detected in most of the cases injury (80%) and in one case it was necessary to make additional magnetic resonance imaging to verify it. Only in one case the electroencephalogram was abnormal, with slow temporo-occipital waves observed. CT showed frontal calcificated injuries, after medical treatment. There were no side effects to medication. Conclusion: Patients with frontal NCC may display upheavals of attention deficit and hyperactivity, that could be explained by the dysfunction frontostriatal theory, as it happens in the attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In endemic zones of NCC like Colombia, it is necessary to consider this condition in children presenting symptoms of ADHD, especially in pediatric patients without any previous conduct disorder, since there are children with structural neurological upheavals with ADHD symptoms.
Caregiver burden in dependent elderly.
Authors: Ocampo José Mauricio , Herrera Julián A. , Torres Patricia , Rodríguez Jhon Alexander , Loboa Liliana , García Carlos Alberto
Published: July 2024

Objectives: To determine the frequency and the associated factors with the presence of care burden imposed by dependent elderly of Buenaventura, Valle; Colombia. Design: A pilot cross-sectional study. Patients and methods: Between March and May of 2006, data were collected on 35 over 60 years old patients who live in the community of Buenaventura, with a score in the Barthel index < 85 and their caregiver. Socio-demographic variables were evaluated in the elderly and the caregiver. Medical variables were evaluated. For mental appraisal, the scale of the minimental test was applied and for the elderly depression the scale of geriatric depression of Yesavage was used. For the social evaluation, the family APGAR scale was applied, the care giver’s burden was determined by the Zarit scale, and the functional valuation by the Barthel index. Results: The mean age and the standard deviation of the patient group was 78.9±10 years. There was a larger proportion of women (68.5%). In the care givers, the regular age and the standard deviation was 49.4±18.8 years, where 91% were women. It was found that for 54.2% of the caregivers there was no burden at all, 40% of them had a minimum burden and the others a greater burden. Bivariate analysis between the care giver’s burden and the number of chronic disease, the score on the minimental test, elderly depression and the family APGAR, resulted in statistic association (p< 0.02). Significant association was found between level of dependency in the basic common day activities related with physical aspects and the presence of care giver’s burden (p< 0.001). Conclusions: There is an association between aged people, dependent in basic common day activities related with physical aspects, and care giver’s burden. Being the caregivers mostly family members, further studies must be focused on identifying and realizing interventions to prevent or limit the decrease of declining mental health and loss of life quality and the consequent increase of the care giver’s burden.
Geographical distribution of congenital malformations at Hospital Universitario del Valle, Santiago de Cali, Colombia, March of 2004-February of 2005.
Authors: Monsalve Ana María , Londoño Isabel Cristina , Ocampo Javier , Cruz Diego Fernando , Saldarriaga Wilmar , Isaza Carolina
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Congenital malformations (CM) or morphologic defects at birthday, are seen almost everyday in the Hospital Universitario del Valle (HUV). Objectives: To determine the geographical distribution of HUV births with CM according to the place where pregnancy was sustained. Methods: A descriptive study was done using the database of The Latin-American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations in HUV. Population Under study was HUV newborns between March 01/2004 to February 28/2005. Results: Of 6,993 childbirths, a sample of 404 births was obtained, including cases of CM and controls, which 96% lived in socio-economic status 1, 2 and 3. The most frequent defects were extremities’ malformations (18.8%). The greatest number of childbirths, case and controls, where from commune 13 with 37 births (16.5%), followed by commune 14 (21 births, 9.4%), this commune was the only one in which the difference between cases and controls was significant (15 cases-6 controls), moreover, 3 cases of sirenomelia an unusual malformation prevalent in 1 of 100,000 births were identified in this commune. Conclusions: Factor or factors predisposing to main malformations in commune 14 should be identified.
Clinical episodes of restlessness and panic in the terrorist attacks of 11 of September of 2001 in United States.
Authors: Sacristán Francisco
Published: July 2024

Introduction: It agrees to specify that the nerves are an old biomedical taxonomy of the disease, whose slight knowledge has been elaborated in popular contexts. Today, it is a present disease in many western societies that express a way of the suffering. Objective: This study is centered in exploring the impact of 11-S in the nerves of the Mexican immigrants who live in the United States. Methodology: It is directed by the tradition of the anthropology of the disease. It leans in the original materials, collected in the park of the mountain (Illinois, the United States). The field work was lead from September of 2001 to February of 2002 between users of the «Latin Program» of the Agency «service of the family of South Lake County». The data come from interviews gathered in depth to qualified informers. Three main dimensions were considered in the methodology and work plan. First, episode of the towers’s impact in every day life of Mexican immigrants, the way in which their health was affected, and how the nerves were originated and declared. Secondly, it considers of particular form some questions like the uncertainty on their future and the fear, bound not only to the possibilities of new attacks but also related to the internal changes and the federal policies. At a third moment, it was explored how the Mexican identity was redefined as a result of the attack. Results: They offer the data that the nervous suffering between Mexican immigrants regarding political violence basically does not defer from the manifestations and etiological theories indicated by numerous authors in relation to diverse social groups, cultural and ethnic in previous works. Conclusions: It express the importance of the social context and political generated from the attacks it worsens the experiences of nerves between the Mexican population. In short, the sensation of imminent danger does not only reveals the fear to new terrorist acts but the consequences are also repeated that the decision of the country entails to initiate combat operations.
Acalculous cholecystitis: complication of pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: De Rovetto Consuelo , Ortiz Andrés Felipe , Zarama Ricardo , Bravo Luis Eduardo
Published: July 2024

This is a 12 year old girl with systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosed since 9 years of age, who came in to the University Hospital in Cali Colombia with epigastric abdominal pain. Clinical and serological evidence of lupus activation was found at the admittance. Initial abdominal ultrasound was normal, and upper endoscopy showed antral gastritis. Treatment with omeprasol and diet was established. The patient did not improved and a second abdominal ultrasound was done 6 days later, which showed increased gallbladder wall thickness without gallstones. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed, with improvement of the patient condition. Pathology showed evidence of vasculitis in midium size arteries of the gallbladder. Acalculous cholecystitis by vasculitis is a rare complication of adult patients with lupus and only one pediatric patient has been describe in the literature. We report the case and review the literature.
Cystic fibrosis. Diagnosis.
Authors: Ortigosa Luis
Published: July 2024

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most frequent inherited mortal diseases in Caucasian population. Dysfunction in exocrine glands is described in CF patients, with severe pancreatic insufficiency and chronic lung disease. CF is inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder. More than 1000 disease-associated mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene have been described. DF508 mutation is the most common mutation in the CF gen. Diagnosis in CF is based on clinical and laboratory tests findings. Meconial ileus, CF in other relatives, chronic lung disease, congenital absence of the vas deferens with azoospermia are among other clinical findings, main criteria in CF patients. Two positive results in sweat chloride test , or demonstration in nasal epithelial ionic transport alteration (nasal potential difference) and identification of two CF mutations in the patient are laboratory findings in CF.
Evaluation of the antiamnesic effects of Phyllanthus amarus in mice.
Authors: Joshi Hanumanthachar , Parle Milind
Published: July 2024

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a gradual decline in memory. Phyllanhus amarus is commonly known as bhumi amla in India and is traditionally used since centuries in ayurveda medicine. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Phyllanhus amarus (PA) on cognitive functions and brain cholinesterase activity in mice. Elevated plus maze and passive avoidance paradigm were employed to evaluate learning and memory parameters. Three doses (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) of aqueous extract of PA were administered for 8 successive days to both young and aged mice. PA (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent improvement in memory scores of young and older mice. PA also reversed successfully the amnesia induced by scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg, i.p.) and diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.). Interestingly, brain acetyl cholinesterase activity was also reduced. The underlying mechanism of action for the observed nootropic effect may be attributed to pro-cholinergic activity exhibited by PA in the present study. Therefore, it would be worthwhile to explore the therapeutic potential of PA in the management of patients with cognitive disorders.
Anomalous extensor tendons of hand: a case report with clinical importance.
Authors: Paul Shipra , Das Srijit
Published: July 2024

The extensor digitorum muscle of the hand originates from the common extensor origin i.e., from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and ends in four tendons, one for each digit except for the thumb. This paper reports a case, in which the tendon of the extensor digitorum ended as four tendons to the index, middle, ring and little fingers, but displayed variations in the number of tendons to each finger. Two tendons of extensor digitorum were observed in the ring and the little finger. Such an arrangement of the tendons of the extensor digitorum may have clinical importance. The presence of multiple tendons may also alter the kinematics around the site of attachment to the phalanx. Knowledge of abnormal and normal anatomy of the extensor tendons, may be helpful while performing graft and tendon transfer operations.
Resistance to bacterial antibiotics, antiseptics and disinfectants a manifestation of the survival and adaptation mechanisms.
Authors: Cabrera Cristina Eugenia , Gómez Rommel Fabián , Zúñiga Andrés Edmundo
Published: July 2024

Resistance to multiple substances is a problem of public health coming to world-wide level observation since the appearance of antibiotics. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics and the environmental selective pressure made by antiseptics and disinfectants have generated a survival answer in the microorganisms, enabling them to efficiently evade the bactericidal action of some agents. Nowadays the time has come to try to explain if mechanisms shared among antibiotics, antiseptics and disinfectants allow bacteria and other germs to activate genes that potentially express the five mechanisms proposed until now as an evolutionary answer to man’s intervention. The present review examines the state-of-the-art of the mentioned mechanisms, with emphasis about the resistance mechanisms performed by nosocomial bacteria in hospitals centers.
Semliki Forest Virus: a viral vector with multiple applications.
Authors: Henao Luis Felipe , Cortés Fabián , Navas María Cristina
Published: July 2024

Recently, Alphavirus have been used as expression vectors, among these, Semliki Forest virus (SFV), an enveloped virus, besides replicating itself in the cytoplasm, has the property to express structural proteins separately from nonstructural proteins, allowing a greater expression control. Vectors derived from SFV can have a broad range of applications. High viral titers can be obtained to efficiently express proteins in different cell lines. They can infect a wide spectrum of mammalian cells, as well as tissues. They are promising to be used on gene therapy as vehicles for specific gene delivery in vivo or in vitro, as much as in therapy against cancer as neuronal therapy, especially when a short term expression is necessary. Another studied aspect is SFV vectors applications in prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine production; the generation of important immune responses against different viral and tumor diseases is still been discussed. Development of new non-cytopathic vectors, temperature-regulated vectors, as well as others with persistent replication, will allow prolongation of expression. Due to these new advantages and to others already known, uses for vectors derived from SFV could be extended gradually, as long as undesired effects are controlled.
Sexual intercourse among adolescent students of Santa Marta, Colombia: a cross-sectional survey.
Authors: Ceballos Guillermo Augusto , Campo Arias Adalberto
Published: July 2024

Background: Among teenagers, the prevalence of sexual intercourse (SI) varies from one country to another, and inside the same country, it varies from region to region. Information regarding SI in teenagers is unknown for a representative portion of students in Santa Marta, Colombia. Objective: To determinate the prevalence and factors associated with SI in middle-and high-school students from public and private schools from urban and rural zones. Method: A statistical sample provided by an anonymous survey done to a group of students. Logistic regression was used to control confounders associated with the fact of the student having had SI in his/her lifetime. Results: A total of 3,575 students, all grades and socioeconomic status, answered the survey. The mean age was 13.6 (SD=1.9), mean scholarship was 8.2 years (SD=1.6), and 57% were girls. A group of 804 (22.5%) students accepted having had SI. The having had SI was associated with being a boy (OR=8.5), alcohol drinking (OR=4.3), cannabis use (OR=4.2), cigarette smoking (OR=2.8), being older (OR=1.7), attending to private school (OR=1.3), and higher scholarship (OR=1.2). Conclusions: Twenty-five percent of the students reported having had SI. This is associated with unhealthy habits such as alcohol, cannabis and cigarettes consumption.
Market and risk: stages of hiv transmission among men with homosexual behaviors. Medellín 1993-2006
Authors: Posada Isabel Cristina , Gómez Arias Rubén Darío
Published: July 2024

Background: People’s different responses to HIV prevention programs have been related to collective patterns of significance that are imposed to their behaviors, and affect the success of health interventions. Objective: To understand the social conditions by which men who have sex with men (MSM) face their risks. Methodology: A qualitative study based on the symbolic interactionism was carried out in Medellín between 1993 and 2006. The places where MSM meet were identified and visited. Focus groups with key informants and 100 in-depth interviews were conducted, of which 39 of them were conducted with MSM. Results: The study identified and studied seven scenarios where MSM face the risk of HIV. In the region, homosexuality continues to be object of social stigma and MSM must create for themselves special stages, where sexual activity can be less difficult. These conditions have been exploited by the market, which perceives MSM as consumers with payment capacity, and it has generated an expansive offer of stages where MSM act out several of their fundamental needs but, at the same time, are also exposed to different risks. The scenarios are built as normative systems generated by the market whose structure is imposed to the individual behaviors, frequently restricting their capacity to be protected from the risk of infection. Conclusion: The findings illustrate the complexity of the subjective decisions involved with the personal protection and the management of the risks; and they question the paradigm of the rational consumer. On the contrary, the conjunction of the structural vulnerability and the individual vulnerability, in a context of social exclusion, conform an intricate net that should be assumed in its complexity and integrity by health policies.
Anomalous posterior clinoid process and its clinical importance.
Authors: Paul Shipra , Das Srijit
Published: July 2024

The anterior, middle and the posterior clinoid processes are located in the middle cranial fossa of the skull. The posterior boundary of the pituitary fossa is formed by the dorsum sellae, the supero-lateral angles of which are raised to form the posterior clinoid process. Unlike the anterior clinoid process, the posterior clinoid process has received less attention in past research studies. The anatomy textbooks do not mention about the anomalies pertaining to the posterior clinoid process and the main source of information are the research reports. The present osteological study describes anomalous posterior clinoid process, detected in two human skulls, during routine undergraduate medical teaching and also discusses its clinical importance. The posterior clinoid process anomalies may be responsible for the altered arrangement of the tentorium cerebelli which is attached to it. The internal carotid artery is often explored by the neuro-surgeon and any bony abnormalities in its vicinity, would result in a difficult situation, while performing clinoidectomy operations. Anomalous posterior clinoid process, may compress the internal carotid artery. The close position of the superior petrosal sinus and the internal carotid artery to the posterior clinoid process, makes it vulnerable to injuries and thus it is important for the neuro-surgeons performing clinoidectomy operations. The anatomy of the posterior clinoid process may be important for neuro surgeons and radiologists in day to day clinical practice.
Immunogenicity of Hepavax-Gene recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in INML workers, Colombia.
Authors: Siachoque Heber , Ibáñez Milcíades
Published: July 2024

Objective: To evaluate the immunogenicity of Hepavax-Gene recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in INML workers since the last administered doses. Methods: Cross-sectional study on 603 health workers with at least three administered recombinant vaccine doses. Antibody levels (anti-HBs) were measured using the ELISA technique during December 2000 and January 2001, taking into account that the last dose in the vaccination varied between 1 and 6 years. Results: A total of 344 men and 259 women with an age mean of 38.8±7.3 years were studied. Protection levels were found in 90.7% (>10 U/l), decreasing significantly with the worker’s age (p< 0.001) and with the vaccine last dose administration time (p< 0.01). Health workers with four doses compared to those with three doses had a 4.7% higher protection (antibody median 209.8 vs. 130.07, p< 0.001). No association was found with gender (p=0.463), smoking (p=0.331) and blood exposure (p=0.433). Multivariate analyses found that no protection associated only with age (40-44 years HR=2.37, CI 95%:1.18,4.78 and >45 years HR=3.58, CI 95%: 1.83,6.99). Conclusions: Although Hepavax-Gene recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (anti-HBs) has a high effectiveness in the health workers (90.7%) it presents a decrease in protection levels related to a higher worker’s age and a long vaccine last dose administration time.
Ecthyma gangrenosum in a healthy child without septicemia.
Authors: Vergara Enrique , Largo Jorge , Galván Fernando
Published: July 2024

Ecthyma gangrenosum is a cutaneous manifestation of Pseudomonas infection that confusing to diagnose due to similarities with other pathologies and that can have devastating consequences for the patient and even cause death. A case of a healthy infant with lesions in the 5th toe without systemic compromise corresponding to ecthyma gangrenosum caused by P. aeruginosa, diagnosed by Wood lamp and the patient’s good fast answer to the specific antibiotic treatment. This case is typical of the local variety without neutropenia nor septicemia, as observed in healthy patients.
Molar distalizer with nickel-titanium pistons. A case presentation.
Authors: Prato Rafael J.
Published: July 2024

Various devices have been used to distalize upper molars on class II malocclusion patients. It has been noted that most of those devices tend to incline and rotate first molars’ crowns, because of the force applied on them. This presentation introduces a fixed device that is able to move distally upper molars with reduced rotation or distal inclination. Therefore, the use of extra-oral forces would be minimized. Constant low intensity forces applied by the nickel titanium’s open spring piston optimizes movement and decreases treatment time. Another advantage of this specific device is the fact, that it is bonded, so patient’s high degree of cooperation is no a requirement for upper molars distalization treatments.
Devic syndrome associated to systemic lupus erythematosus. Case report.
Authors: Botero Juan Camilo , García Alejandro , Hidalgo Juliana
Published: July 2024

Devic’s syndrome is a demielizing disease of the central nervous sistem, of unknown etiology. It is highly relationated with systemic lupus erythematosus, being a rare and severe complication. This syndrome presents as a transverse myelophaty with the compromise of a cervical level and optic neuritis. 32 years old female arrives to the emergency room, complaining about thoracic pain, progressive lost of the muscle strength in the lower extremities, lost of urinary sphincter control and decrease or sight. She also shows systemic lupus erythematosus. At physical exam, findings were atrophy and paleness of the right optic disc, muscle strength 3/5 in upper and lower extremities, abnormalities in propioception and sensibility of lower extremities. MR findings suggest transverse myelitis from C2 to C6. Laboratory exams reported elevated anticardiolipin antibodies and antinuclear antibodies 1:320. Treatment was established with steroids and the symptoms recovered, reason why the patient was discharged on day six with ambulatory treatment.
Psychological variables as predictors of preventive behaviors related to hiv.
Authors: Piña Julio Alfonso , Corrales Andrés Ernesto , Rivera Blanca Margarita
Published: July 2024

Fundament: A cross-sectional study was carried out with the main objective to identify if psychological variables including knowledge, belief, and motivation predicted two prevention behaviors related to HIV infection: «To postpone a sexual intercourse» and «Condom use intention». Method: From an original sample of 648 students of two institutions located in Hermosillo, Mexico, we worked with a subsample of 328 students whom reported no sexual experience. For data analysis descriptive statistics, the Pearson’s x2 and a logistic regression analysis were used. Results: The Pearson’s x2 showed significant differences in both behaviors: those who have the opportunity to involve in a sexual relationship and they avoid it (x2 [2]=45.378; p=0.000), as well as those who have condom use intention (x2 [2]=235.622; p=0.000). The logistic regression analysis revealed that one type of motivation predicted the behavior to avoid a sexual relationship with penetration (x2 [9]=33.805; p=0.000), if well another type of motivation predicted the behavior condom use intention (x2 [8]=18.069; p=0.021). Conclusions: The role of the variable motivation in the prevention of HIV infection programs is discussed.
Vasorelaxant profile of the extract and an acetylated flavonoid fraction obtained from Calea prunifolia HBK.
Authors: Onzaga Ingrid L. , Rincón Javier , Guerrero Mario F.
Published: July 2024

Introduction: This study shows the vasorelaxant profile in isolated aortic rings from Wistar rats of the ethanolic extract and the acetylated flavonoid fraction obtained from Calea prunifolia, specie used in Colombian folk medicine for the treatment of arterial hypertension. Objectives: To study possible action mechanisms implicated in the response induced by the ethanolic extract and the acetylated flavonoid fraction obtained from C. prunifolia in isolated aortic rings. Methodology: After verifying the hypotensive effect of the etanolic extract in anaesthetized rats, the response induced by the extract and the acetylated flavonoid fraction (1 μg/ml-100 mg/ml) in isolated aortic rings from Wistar rats contracted with KCl (80 mM) or phenylephrine (1 μM) was studied. Then, the effect of the extract and the fraction was assessed in deendothelized rings contracted with KCl or in intact rings contracted with KCl (80 mM) and preincubated with one of the following substances: L-NAME (0.1 mM, NO-sintasa inhibitor), methylene blue (1 μM, guanyl ciclasa inhibitor), glibenclamide (1 μM, K+ATP channel inhibitor), atropine (30 μM, muscarinic antagonist), propranolol (1 μM, b receptor blocker), or indomethacin (1 μM, COX inhibitor). The response induced in rings contracted with CaCl2 in Krebs solution without Ca2+ also was analised. Results: The ethanolic extract elicited a dose-response (5-75 mg/kg. iv.) decrease in the blood pressure levels without affecting heart rate in anaesthetized rats. Both, extract and fraction relaxed KCl (80 mM) and phenyle-phrine (1 μM) precontracted isolated aorta rings with IC50 of 35 and 67 mg/ml against KCl and 34 and 66 mg/ml against phenylephrine, respectively. Rings exposed to CaCl2 in Krebs’ solution without Ca2+ showed the better response induced by both extract and fraction. Discussion: These results suggest that acetylated flavonoid compounds play a key role in the vasorelaxant effect induced by C. prunifolia by mechanisms mainly related to calcium channels antagonism.
Prenatal diagnosis of cyclopia associated to trisomy 13.
Authors: Pachajoa Harry , Tabares Katherine , Quintero Juan Carlos , Saldarriaga Wilmar , Isaza Carolina
Published: July 2024

A cyclopia case with prenatal diagnosis by two dimensional and three dimensional ecography is presented, chordocentesis was realized, the chariotype in fetal blood with G banding presented trisomy 13. Phenotypic characteristics prenatally found where confirmed with the physical examination of the newborn. A revision to the literature about cyclops associated with trisomy 13 was made, and important aspects in prenatal diagnosis were highlighted.
Importance of classification ANDI for the inmediate breast reconstruction in recurrent phyllodes tumor.
Authors: Sánchez Nora Beatriz
Published: July 2024

Immediate breast reconstructive surgery offers to a patient relief in secondary symptoms due to deformities caused by tumours that in spite of the fact of being harmless, for instance in some phyllodes tumours, alter life quality since they produce pain, malformations and inconveniences to clothes’ employment. These symptoms are in proportion to lesion size and disease duration. Integral management by the same experts’ surgical team allows a complete resection of a benign giant lesion as well as an immediate reconstruction. The immediate breast reconstruction was performed in a 39 year old patient with a homolateral extended latissimus dorsi flap that replaced the breast volume removed; for skin covering an autologous tissue kept during surgical procedure for tumour ablation was used. Results related to disease management were adequate. The tumour, which measured 17x15x9 cm, weight 1000 g and occupied almost 90 per cent of the breast, was completely extirpated. Aesthetic result for patient (and for the surgical team) was acceptable and satisfactory. End outcome has persisted 30 months post-surgery; presently there are no symptoms and no tumour recurrences have been detected. This type of management establishes the importance of having in mind those concepts clearly given on breast benign pathology classification (ANDI) in order to follow reconstructive surgical techniques in women older tan 35 years, with benign tumours in whom breast tissues’ involution have already begun.
Metabolic syndrome: definition, history, criterion
Authors: Pineda Carlos Andrés
Published: July 2024

The metabolic syndrome is a set of risk factors for diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular disease, characterized by the presence of resistance to the insulin and compensating hiperinsulinemia associate to alterations of the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids, elevated arterial blood pressure, and obesity. A revision in Medline was made, and gave as a result 6366 entrances for «metabolic syndrome». In the beginnings of the XX century, associations of risk factors were described. In 1988, Reaven observed that several risk factors (dislipidemia, hypertension, hyperglicemia) tended to be together. This set was named syndrome X. The name metabolic syndrome like diagnostic entity with defined criteria was introduced by the WHO in 1998. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome varies according to some factors such as gender, age, ethnic group, but it is located between 15% to a 40%, being greater in the population of Hispanic origin. Several criteria for the metabolic syndrome diagnosis exist. The most known it is of ATP III, in this case, three factors must be present: high abdominal perimeter (>102 cm in men and >88 cm in women), TG >150 mg/dl, HDL under (men >40 mg/dl y women HDL >0 mg/dl), TA >130/85 mm Hg, glycemia >110 mg/dl including diabetes mellitus.Other factors also considered are: thrombogenesis, inflammation, uric acid, stress, cigarette, sedentariness, age, ethnic origin, acantosis nigricans, polycystic ovary syndrome, microalbuminuria, primary hypothyroidism, use of protease inhibitors for patients with HIV, endogenous or exogenous excess of glucocorticoids.
Brief history of bioinformatics.
Authors: Franco María Liliana , Cediel Juan Fernando , Payán César
Published: July 2024

Bioinformatics appears as the result of the indissoluble marriage between informatics technology and life sciences. Although it was conceived in principle to resolve questions such as the following: How to store and organize DNA sequences? How to find introns and exons in genomic DNA sequences? What conditions are required for the transcription of a specific gene? How learn more about the structure of a protein? How does it compare sequences of proteins or predict their structures?, currently the acquisition of new and improved computational tools has made it possible that bioinformatics will be key piece in applications such as genetic screening, molecular diagnosis, drug discovery and crop genetic improvement.
Pulp microbiology of complete teeth with idiopathic apical lesions.
Authors: Rodríguez Patricia , Calero Jesús Alberto
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Periapical changes named as lesions, in teeth with full crown integrity and without history of trauma, do not show a clear aetiology. Objective: To determine the presence of microorganisms in pulp dental tissue will clarify the cause of its death and therefore the damage to periodontal tissues. Materials and methods: From people between 10 and 39 years old, 23 teeth were selected. The samples were taken with paper points and 0.8 sterile files, and were transported in VMGA III medium, to be processed in the following 24 hours after they were taken and sowed in Brucella-agar. Results: The most affected teeth were upper central incisors, 43.8%. From the 23 studied teeth, microbiological grow was seen on 20 teeth. The following microorganisms species were identified: Fusobacterium spp., 25%, Eubacterium spp., 15%; Peptostreptococcus spp., 10%; Campylobacter spp., 10%; gram negative enteric bacteria, 10%; Porphyromonas gingivalis, 10%; Prevotella intermedia, 5%; Eikenellia corrodens, 5%; Dialister pneumosintes, 5%; and yeasts, 5%. There was no growing evidence of Actinomyces actinomycetemcomitans, Tanerella forsythensis and Streptococcus β  hemolytic. Discussion and conclusions: Sound pulp dental tissue is sterile; an injury over it will cause its inflammation, degeneration, death and bacterial contamination. Results in the present study clearly show the presence of microorganisms in closed apical dental lesions of endodontic origin. In same manner, it was seen that a great part of microorganisms species found can be regarded as periodontal pathogens. This could suggest a management with an endodontic, a periodontic and a pharmacological combined treatment.
Prevalence of cavities and periodontal diseases in school age children in Cali’s public school district in the year 2005.
Authors: Giraldo Sonia Julieth , Mossos Rosemberg , Muñoz Margarita María , Perea Claudia Liliana , Prado Carolina
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The Health Secretary of Cali wanted to know the buccodental status among school children to establish if necessary public health measures. Objectives: To determine the epidemiological oral health profile on scholars at the public schools of Cali, 2005. Methodology: This descriptive study used who oral index systematic and conglomerate multiestrata were performed a total of 784 children were examined for determining their Oral Health Status. Range of age was 5-13 years old. Study children came from 47 public schools. Results: Caries history was detected in 77% of children and actual caries prevalence was 67.7% DMF-d index was 0.64 at five y/o and increase to 3.5 at 12 years/old children. 46.1 % of the evaluated children were periodontally healthy, 34.3% had gingivitis and bleed on probing and 19.6% had dental calculus. Periodontal disease prevalence has 53.9%. Analysis: Children without caries history were higher here when compared the results of National Oral Health morbility study, 1998. Cali level of caries risk were intermediary as compares to National standing DMF-d indicators. Conclusions: It is necessary that the city of Cali establish a strategy to improve the standards in Oral Health among their young populatio. DMF-d indicator at 12 years/old children set them at an intermediary caries level of risk. These might be priority of Public Health Policy.
Comisuroplasty in a patient with microstomia caused by oral burn.
Authors: Sánchez Nora Beatriz
Published: July 2024

A case of a 63 year old woman with microstomia caused by accidental swallowing of a chemical substance when she was a child is presented. The small mouth opening didn´t let her smile or receive dental services and decreased her life quality. She is remitted to Plastic Surgery Service, where an excision of scar contracture with W-plasty and bilateral commisuroplasty were made, improving oral opening from 2.5 to 4.8 cm and providing a better social environment and life quality.
Agreement between methods for antimicrobial susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated in Montería, Córdoba: mycobacteria growth indicator tube vs. proportion method.
Authors: Miranda Jorge , Rios Rodrigo , Mattar Salim , Alvis Nelson
Published: July 2024

Objective: To evaluate the agreement of manual MGIT (mycobacteria growth indicator tube for antimicrobial susceptibility testing to isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol and streptomycin) for susceptibility testing vs proportion method on Lowenstein-Jensen (PM) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Methods: A total of forty-five isolates of M. tuberculosis were tested for susceptibility to isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RMP), ethambutol (EMB), and streptomycin (SM). The strains were isolated in Montería, during 2003 and 2005. The agreement between the two assays mentioned was estimated by the Kappa test. Results: There were thirty-eight strains with identical results while 7 had discrepant results with both methods. The overall resistance to antituberculosis drugs were 33.3% y 31.1% for manual MGIT and PM, respectively. MDR was 5 (11.1%) by PM and 4 (8.8%) by manual MGIT. The agreement between MGIT AST and PM was 95.5% for all drug tested and overall kappa value 0.8374. Two discrepancies were found in each drug; with INH and RIF (one false resistant and one false susceptible). STR and EMB (two false susceptibles). Turnaround times were 5 to 8 days (median, 6.5 days) for MGIT and 20 to 25 days for MP. Conclusions: These preliminary data show a good level of agreement between manual MGIT AST SIRE and MP. Also MGIT is a rapid, easy and efficient method for the drug susceptibility testing of M. tuberculosis.
Seasonal variation of the homicide mortality in Colombia, from 1985 to 2001.
Authors: Rodríguez María de los Ángeles
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The homicide in Colombia had an exponential increase from 1986 on, with epidemic proportions in 1991, when eight of each 10.000 Colombians were assassinated. After this situation, has occurred a reduction, conserving in any case very high rates. This cause of death, is the indicator of a complex violence, aggravated, in addition, by its more than 50 years of duration. Objective: To evaluate the homicide mortality seasonal variation in Colombia, from 1985 to 2001. Materials and methods: Deaths by homicide between January, 1985 and December, 2001 were studied. With the aid of the SSS1 program, an analysis of temporary series was run using iterative procedures for an ARIMA model construction. Results: The mean monthly homicide mortality rate was 5.26 per 100,000 (minimum 2.41 in April of 1985 and maximum 8.67 in December of 1992). An increase was observed from 1991 to 1993. Several models were studied and an ARIMA (1,1,1)(0,0,1)12 model was selected. Conclusions: Marked annual seasonal variation was found in mortality by homicide in Colombia. The highest rates were found in December.
Treatment of herpes simplex labialis with low power laser therapy.
Authors: González Bianka M. , Hernández Adel , Estevez Adonis
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Herpes simplex is caused by Herpes virus hominis, producing an acute eruptive affection marked by groups of vesicles on the skin, often on the borders of the lips or nares (cold sores) or on the genitals (genital herpes); it often accompanies fever (fever blisters, herpes febrilis). Objective: Effectiveness of the treatment with low power laser therapy was evaluated against the conventional treatment in people assisting to the clinical evolution, disappearance of symptoms and signs in patients with herpes simplex labialis. Methods: The sample was constituted by 60 patients attending the consultation of dermatology for this entity, in four policlinics of the Cuban capital during 2006. It was carried out an explanatory study of experimental and prospective type; two types of treatments were applied, the conventional with acyclovir (either oral or topically) and low power laser therapy (unique treatment). Results: Women prevalence was high 78.3%; the affected age group was 28 and 37 years (45.5%); disappearance of symptoms and signs in the conventional treatment needed 7.3 sessions, while laser therapy needed 5.2 sessions. There were statistically significant differences between both treatments; as for the clinical evolution both treatments had higher percentage of cured patients. It is recommended to evaluate in long periods the presence of relapses and that it is used this treatment technique like an option of treatment’s alternatives to improve the quality of patients’ lives.
Treatment of gangrenous pioderma with rifampicine.
Authors: Moreno Luis Hernando , Arrunátegui Adriana
Published: July 2024

Pyoderma gangrenosum is an entity of unknown etiology, with diverse expressions, mainly on skin. Their differential diagnosis are difficult and broad, and do not have a clear therapy of choice. The response to therapy is variable, with failure in many opportunities. A case of a 40 year old woman with extensive and severe pyoderma gangrenosum having 5 years of evolution is discussed. Her therapy response to multiple medications had been poor but she showed a dramatic answer to rifampicine.
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: enzimatic and molecular analysis in a Bogotá population.
Authors: Sánchez Magda Carolina , Villegas Victoria Eugenia , Fonseca Dora
Published: July 2024

Objective: To determine the frequency of G-6PD and molecular analysis for identification of A+, A- and Mediterranean in healthy persons in Bogotá. Methods: Quantitative spectrophotometric assays for enzyme activity of G-6PD were carried out on the red cells of 348 asymptomatic and healthy adult males and females. Through molecular analysis of DNA from G-6PD deficients the relevant exons were amplified for PCR and then analysed with the restriction enzymes NlaIII, Fok I and MboII, for the detection of A+, A- and Mediterranean variants. Results and conclusions: Among 348 samples, 1.4% exhibited total deficiency and 1.7% had intermediate deficiency while 96.3% were normal. The combined prevalence was 3.7%. In enzymatic activity no statistically significance was seen between males and females. No variant was found among these patients and any of the subjects studied displayed any sign of hemolysis and other clinical manifestations. Although it is not yet clearly understood other mechanisms must exist to offer protection from the oxidative stresses. The finding of severe enzyme deficiency in some heterozygote females is due to extreme degree of X inactivation of the normal chromosome.
Antracol WP 70 genotoxicity in human lymphocyte cultures.
Authors: Barrera Carlos Hernán , Pardo Liz Carolina , Cortina Germán David
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Antracol WP 70 is a pesticide of common use in farming activities to mitigate pathologies in plants associated to mushrooms. In spite of its great application spectrum and incorrect manipulation, there were no genotoxicity studies found, carried out on human beings regarding this compound. Aim: To evaluate, by means of structural chromosomal aberration test (SCA), the genotoxicity effect of Antracol WP 70 in human lymphocyte cultures of peripheral blood. Materials and methods: Human lymphocyte cultures were established in RPMI 1640 supplemented Medium and incubated at 37° C. The cultures were treated with sterile distilled water (control), high concentration of the pesticide (2.5 mg/ml), half (1.25 mg/ml) and low (0.02 mg/ml), during a 48 hours period. The metaphase cells were evaluated and the SCA observed were registered and analyzed to estimate the respective statistical values. Results: The biggest number of SCA was found in cells tried with the half concentration and the lowest one was for the group control. However, there were no statistically significant differences found at a confidence interval of 95% in the SCA frequency in relation with the group control (p = 0.63). The percentages of chromatid and chromosome aberrations were 77.3 and 22.7%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences found. Conclusion: Damage genototoxic, measured through the SCA test in vitro of the Antracol WP 70 in human lymphocyte cultures, is not reported. To continue with genetic toxicology and cytogenetic studies in Boyacá Department (State) to solve doubts about the mutagenic, carcinogenic and teratogenics effects of the different physical, chemical and biological compounds in the living beings is recommended.