bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the product structure of Ukraines trade with the EU
Authors: Don Olha , Yariz Nika
Published: September 2024

The article presents a comprehensive study of the characteristics of the commodity structure of Ukraine's trade with the European Union in the conditions of war, as well as the dynamics of export and import of the main commodity groups in the period from 2019 to 2023. Statistical data on Ukraine's foreign trade with the EU obtained from official sources, including the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the Ministry of Economy of Ukraine and Eurostat, were thoroughly analyzed. This made it possible to create a complete picture of trade relations between Ukraine and the EU during the studied period. In the course of the study, the key factors that significantly influenced the dynamics of trade during the studied period were identified. Among them, the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic, which led to a global economic downturn and disruption of supply chains, is particularly highlighted. The recovery of the world economy in 2021, which was accompanied by an increase in demand for key export products of Ukraine, also had a significant impact. The most dramatic factor was the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, which radically changed the economic situation in the country and significantly affected its foreign trade relations. The influence of each of these factors on the export and import of individual product groups has been studied in detail. In particular, the dynamics of trade in food and agricultural products, metals and metal products, machines and equipment, chemical products, wood and wood products, mineral products, vehicles, textiles and textile products were analyzed. This made it possible to identify key trends and changes in the structure of Ukraine's trade with the EU. The article pays special attention to the analysis of changes in the structure of Ukraine's exports to the EU. In particular, an increase in the share of agricultural products and food products in the total volume of exports was noted, which partially compensated for the drop in exports in other sectors. This trend is related both to global changes in the world markets and to the peculiarities of the economic situation in Ukraine during the war. An important aspect of the study was the determination of the role of labor relations between Ukraine and the EU in the context of foreign trade. The impact of labor migration on economic indicators, in particular on the volume of remittances and their role in maintaining Ukraine's balance of payments, is analyzed. This made it possible to expand the understanding of the economic relations between Ukraine and the EU, which go beyond purely trade relations. The presented study provides a comprehensive analysis of the state and dynamics of trade relations between Ukraine and the EU in the face of significant global and regional challenges. It can serve as a basis for further research and development of strategies for the development of Ukraine's foreign economic relations in the context of European integration and post-war economic recovery.
Розрахунок параметрів та розробка елементів вібраційного обладнання фінішної обробки вільними абразивами
Authors: Романченко О.В. , Логунов О.М.
Published: September 2024

У статті представлено розрахунок та обґрунтування основних параметрів обладнання фінішної обробки, що застосовується на різних підприємствах промисловості. Обґрунтовано застосування обладнання без жорсткого кінематичного зв'язку інструменту та оброблюваних деталей на етапі оздоблювально-зачистних операцій. На основі аналізу методів обробки вільним абразивним інструментом як найбільш ефективний обраний метод обробки деталей у вібруючих резервуарах. Обраний метод дозволяє проводити очищення, видалення задирок, заокруглення гострих кромок та зниження шорсткості поверхні. Основною конкурентною перевагою обробки вільним абразивним інструментом у вібруючих резервуарах є можливість реалізувати одночасну обробку великої кількості деталей при досягненні необхідних показників якості поверхні. На основі аналізу характеристик та габаритних розмірів оброблюваних деталей, обробляючого інструменту та резервуару представлений класифікатор деталей. Розраховано внутрішні розміри резервуару вібраційного обладнання фінішної обробки. Здійснено розрахунок робочих режимів обладнання з вибором амплітуди, частоти та сили коливань створюваних віброзбудником. У процесі синтезу резервуара як основного елемента вібраційного обладнання обґрунтовано застосування поліефірних матеріалів як аналога. Застосування поліефірних матеріалів, а саме поліетилентерефталата (PET пластику) дозволяє скоротити трудомісткість, підвищити економічну ефективність виробництва та забезпечити виконання екологічних норм як у процесі виробництва, так і за подальшої переробки. Для перевірки характеристик міцності резервуара виготовленого з PET пластику моделювання проводилося в спеціально розробленому режимі, при якому амплітуда, частота і сила коливань перевищували аналогічні максимальні показники робочих режимів на 70%. На основі даних, отриманих в результаті моделювання проведено порівняльний аналіз характеристик міцності резервуарів спеціалізованого технологічного обладнання виготовлених зі сталі 3 і поліетилентерефталату (PET пластик). Встановлено можливість і доцільність застосування PET пластику як матеріала-аналога для виготовлення резервуару при забезпеченні необхідних характеристик міцності.
Аналіз конструкцій та дослідження клапанів штангового свердловинного насоса
Authors: Федорович Я.Т. , Шостаківський І.І. , Михайлюк В.В. , Процюк В.Р. , Семенчук А.В. , Ковтун В.М.
Published: September 2024

Для видобування нафти використовують штангові свердловинні насоси, у яких одними із найвідповідальніших елементів є клапани. Зазвичай у таких насосах використовують кулькові клапани. Проте, проведений аналіз кулькових клапанів показав, що вони мають ряд недоліків, серед яких втрата герметичності клапана під час роботи, неможливість застосування у свердловинах із викривленим стовбуром, низька працездатність, знос тощо. Сьогодні існують інші конструкції клапанів, такі як тарілчасті та золотникові, які мають суттєві переваги над кульковими. У статті наведено будову та принцип дії пропонованого клапана золотникового типу. Для визначення його гідродинамічних характеристик та порівняння із гідродинамічними характеристиками кулькового клапана побудовано тривимірні моделі та проведено імітаційне моделювання їх роботи за однакових граничних умов. Програма, яка використовувалась для імітаційного моделювання – FlowSimulation, яка є доповненням програми SolidWorks. FlowSimulation дозволяє вирішувати такі завдання як аеродинаміка твердих тіл, процеси тепломобміну в системих охолодження, процеси фільтрації. Також у цій прогнамі можливо досліджувати відразу кілька варіантів моделі виробу або можливих його конфігурацій і отримати більш наочні результати: будь-які параметри доступні для аналізу – швидкість, тиск, густина, температура – ​​безпосередньо на моделі виробу. Для отримання точніших результатів імітаційного моделювання сітки скінченних елементів обох клапанів було оптимізовано. У результатів імітаційного моделювання отримано розподіли швидкостей руху рідини у поздовжніх та поперечних перерізах досліджуваних клапанів. Встановлено, що гідравлічний опір руху рідини у золотникового клапана майже такий, як і у кулькового. Золотниковий клапан дозволяє збільшити коефіцієнт наповнення насоса без збільшення глибини занурення його під динамічний рівень, збільшити подачу насоса, зменшити навантаження на штангову колону та застосовувати його при інтенсивніших режимах роботи штангової свердловинної насосної установки. Також золотниковий клапан рекомендується використовування під час відкачування в’язких рідин і  рідин, у яких наявний вільний газ, та у свердловинах, в яких спостерігаються асфальто-смоло-парафінові відклади.
2D-моделювання при багатоваріантних розрахунках магнітної індукції в матрицях поліградієнтних електромагнітних сепараторів
Authors: Романченко Ю.А.
Published: September 2024

У статті обґрунтувано застосування 2D-моделювання при багатоваріантних розрахунках магнітної індукції в матрицях поліградієнтних електромагнітних сепараторів. Показано, що використання двовимірних моделей базується на певних припущеннях щодо граничних умов та характеру розподілу магнітного поля в робочих проміжках, не потребуючи значних обчислювальних ресурсів та часу розрахунку. Представлено комбінований підхід до проведення багатоваріантних розрахунків магнітної індукції в робочій зоні електромагнітного сепаратора, заснований на використанні переваг скінченно-елементного аналізу як у двовимірній, так й у тривимірній постановці. Для визначення векторного магнітного потенціалу на границях двовимірних розрахункових областей проведені дослідження просторового розподілу магнітного поля в робочих проміжках матриці сепаратора. Для цього шляхом випадкової вибірки обрано три варіанти сепаратора, які відрізняються геометричними параметрами поліградієнтних матриць. Для моделей з вибірки повітряний проміжок змінюється в достатньо широкому діапазоні. Інші вихідні дані при моделюванні для трьох варіантів лишались незмінними. Побудовані тривимірні комп’ютерні моделі та отримані числові значення векторного магнітного потенціалу на границях розрахункових областей. Здійснено 2D-моделювання розрахункових моделей трьох варіантів з прийнятими граничними умовами. Порівняно результати розрахунку значень магнітної індукції, що отримані, відповідно, при 2D- та 3D-моделюванні, результати порівняння представлено у вигляді таблиць та графіків. Знайдено відносну похибку розрахунку магнітного поля для трьох варіантів. Показано, що отримані при 3D-моделюванні значення векторного магнітного потенціалу для прийнятих трьох варіантів електромагнітних систем, можуть бути використані для аналізу, обробки та обчислень магнітної індукції при 2D-моделюванні.
Верифіковано обчислення магнітної індукції при 2D-моделюванні, що дозволило зменшити часові витрати, пов’язані з 3D-моделюванням, та підвищити, таким чином, обчислювальну ефективність розрахунків в цілому.
Između Kine, islamskog svijeta i Europe
Authors: Matković Marin
Published: September 2024

U radu se donosi materijal koji pripada dvjema različitim epizodama iz osječke povijesti. Stariji nalazi kineskog porculana i kvarcne keramike iz islamskog svijeta s nekoliko pozicija u Tvrđi su iz 17. – 18. stoljeća, kada su šalice, korištene za kavu i čaj, ušle u upotrebu i stizale iz raznih istočnih radionica. S druge strane, kasniji nalazi europskog porculana i kamenine iz Donjeg grada su uglavnom s početka 19. stoljeća, kada je proizvodnja porculana bila razvijena širom Europe kao i konzumacija kave odnosno čaja.Šalice i tanjurići su u plavo-bijelom stilu, pod kojim se podrazumijeva bijela pozadina, u našem slučaju tijelo posude, na kojoj se plavom bojom slikala dekoracija prije nanošenja prozirne glazure. Iako dubljih korijena, stil je populariziran širenjem južnokineskog porculana iz Jingdezhena, koji je utjecao na brojne proizvodnje diljem svijeta.
Terenska istraživanja na nalazištu Abri Kontija 002 u sezoni 2022. i 2023.
Authors: Janković Ivor , Ahern James C. M. , Becker Rory , Komšo Darko , Radović Siniša , Vukosavljević Nikola , Vidas Lia
Published: September 2024

Rad donosi rezultate arheoloških istraživanja nalazišta Abri Kontija 002 u sezoni 2022. i 2023. Istraživanja su provedena u sklopu projekta „Prapovijesni lovci i sakupljači u Istri i obližnjim regijama: obrasci života tijekom kasnog pleistocena“ (PREHISTRIA). Tijekom istraživanja pronađen je brojan arheološki materijal iz vremena kasnog pleistocena, uzeti su uzorci za provođenje različitih vrsta analiza (radiometrijsko datiranje, sediment za aDNA analize, geoarheološki uzorci), provedena su geofizikalna mjerenja i dr. Preliminarni rezultati ukazuju na visok intenzitet i određen kontinuitet u korištenju nalazišta tijekom nekoliko tisuća godina. Velika zastupljenost određenih životinjskih vrsta na čijim kostima su uočeni tragovi antropogenih modifikacija (tragovi mesarenja, fragmentiranost te tragovi vatre) ukazuje na mogućnost selekcije, odnosno usmjerenosti na određene vrste (poput konja). Brojnost litičkih nalaza, koji uključuju sve dijelove lanca operacija, upućuju na proizvodnju kamenog oruđa in situ, a nalazi gotovog oruđa i na njihovo odbacivanje na samom nalazištu. Dosadašnji rezultati analiza, kao i radiokarbonski datumi, ukazuju na ljudsku aktivnost na ovom dijelu Jadrana u razdoblju srednjeg gornjeg paleolitika.
PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN, PERSEPSI EFEKTIVITAS, KUALITAS PELAYANAN, TRANSPARANSI DAN KESADARAN PERPAJAKAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK
Authors: Pitriani  , Baihaqi
Published: September 2024

The purpose of the research was to analyze the influence of the knowledge of tax, effectivity of tax perception, service quality of tax officers, transparency and awareness of taxpayers toward compliance of corporate taxpayer in Bengkulu City. The sample corporate taxpayer in Bengkulu City which taken by accidental sampling. The samplings are 143 respondents. The method of the data analysis used multiple regression analysis. The results from the data analysis showed that: (1) the knowledge of tax have positive and significant effect toward compliance of corporate taxpayers; (2) the effectivity of tax  payer have positive and significant effect toward compliance of corporate taxpayers; (3) the service quality of tax officers have positive and significant effect toward compliance of corporate taxpayers; (4) transparency of tax have positive and significant effect toward compliance of corporate taxpayers; and (5) the awareness of taxpayers have positive and significant effect toward compliance of corporate taxpayers.
A Case for Using Grounded Theory: A Qualitative Research Process
Authors: Matthews Nancy
Published: September 2024

Determining a suitable methodology for any given research is paramount. This article advocates for the adoption of grounded theory by presenting a qualitative research process employed to make sense of data. The rationale behind choosing grounded theory is discussed. It aims to provide an understanding of grounded theory, uncover the intricacies of data collection and analysis within this framework, delve into the coding process, and share insights through a grounded theory organizer to compare coding strategies and a coding cycle. The paper explores a comprehensive understanding of grounded theory as a valuable approach in research.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF ORTHODOX CLERGY IN PUBLIC MONITORING COMMISSIONS TO ENSURE THE RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF RELIGION OF PERSONS UNDER INVESTIGATION AND CONVICTED
Authors: Skomorokh Oleg
Published: September 2024

On January 26, 2024, within the framework of the XXXII International Christmas Educational Readings «Orthodoxy and Domestic Culture: losses and gains of the past, the image of the future», the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation held a round table hearing on the topic «Participation of clergy in the work of public monitoring commissions (ONCS) on public control over ensuring human rights in places of forced detention». The trends of changes in the legal status of the clergy in the penal enforcement system of the Russian Federation are revealed. The main directions and forms of participation of the clergy in the realization of the right of persons under investigation and convicted to freedom of conscience and religion are considered. The report pays special attention to the analysis of the main problems in the implementation of this right in pre-trial detention facilities. Proposals have been made to improve legal regulation and law enforcement practice in the field of interaction between institutions and bodies of the penal enforcement system with traditional centralized religious organizations in Russia
POZOROVACÍ A DIAGNOSTICKÝ NÁSTROJ PRO ZJIŠŤOVÁNÍ ÚROVNĚ A PODOBY FORMATIVNÍHO HODNOCENÍ V ČESKÝCH ŠKOLÁCH
Authors:   Charles University, Suchánek Jiří , Laufková Veronika ,   Charles University
Published: September 2024

OBSERVATIONAL AND DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR DETERMINING THE LEVEL AND FORM OF FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT IN CZECH SCHOOLS The aim of this article is to summarize existing tools for measuring formative assessment and create a new diagnostic and observational tool suitable for the educational reality of Czech primary and lower secondary schools (especially at the lower secondary schools and relevant years of multi-year general secondary schools). This tool allows capturing and analyzing the form and level of formative assessment practices among teachers in the classroom. The developed tool will be used to identify the level and form of formative assessment among teachers who seek to implement strategies of formative assessment in their practice. It also helps to identify their strengths and areas where improvement is needed. The tool can be utilized by other researchers, educational stakeholders, or schools themselves.
Estilos de aprendizagem e o processo de clusterização
Authors: Dias Claudio Mendes , Sasaki Daniel Guilherme Gomes , Braga Marco Antonio Barbosa
Published: September 2024

Este artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre os procedimentos metodológicos envolvidos no processo de mineração de dados para composição de grupos de alunos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos, baseados em seus estilos de aprendizagem. Inicialmente, 25 alunos foram submetidos ao questionário Index of Learning Styles (ILS), que identifica os estilos ativo/reflexivo, sensorial/intuitivo, visual/verbal e sequencial/global. Os resultados orientaram a possibilidade de agrupamentos para futuros trabalhos cooperativos nas aulas de matemática. Após a coleta dos perfis de estilo de aprendizagem de cada estudante, aplicou-se o algoritmo de clusterização k-means para sugerir a formação dos grupos. A análise revelou especificidades nos clusters formados, destacando-se características distintas nos grupos baseados nos estilos ativo/reflexivo, sensorial/intuitivo, visual/verbal e sequencial/global. Concluiu-se que a técnica de mineração de dados, aliada à análise criteriosa dos resultados, pode ser uma ferramenta útil no processo de formação de grupos com base nos estilos de aprendizagem.
Explorando novas dimensões na Educação
Authors: Lotoski Faria Tainara Aparecida , Ribeiro dos Santos Clodogil Fabiano
Published: September 2024

Este trabalho apresenta uma oficina sobre a utilização do aplicativo Platonic Solid Viewer (PSV) na educação, focando na exploração dos sólidos platônicos em Realidade Aumentada (RA). O objetivo foi integrar teoria e prática para os acadêmicos e testar a eficácia do PSV no ensino de geometria. Destinado a professores e alunos, o PSV foi bem recebido, com percepções positivas sobre sua utilidade. A RA, destacada como uma ferramenta promissora, foi apresentada de maneira contextualizada, permitindo que os participantes visualizassem e interagissem com sólidos platônicos em 3D, utilizando tablets e smartphones Android. A sequência didática incluiu a construção física dos sólidos seguida pela visualização interativa via RA, culminando em discussões sobre as semelhanças e diferenças entre as construções físicas e virtuais.
From competition to cure: the development of live biotherapeutic products for anticancer therapy in the iGEM competition
Authors: Van den Berghe Luka , Masschelein Joleen , Pinheiro Vitor B.
Published: September 2024

Cancer is a leading cause of mortality globally, often diagnosed at advanced stages with metastases already present, complicating treatment efficacy. Traditional treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy face challenges such as lack of specificity and drug resistance. The hallmarks of cancer, as defined by Hanahan and Weinberg, describe tumors as complex entities capable of evolving traits that promote malignancy, including sustained proliferation, resistance to cell death, and metastasis. Emerging research highlights the significant role of the microbiome in cancer development and treatment, influencing tumor progression and immune responses. This review explores the potential of live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) for cancer diagnosis and therapy, focusing on projects from the International Genetically Engineered Machines (iGEM) competition that aim to innovate LBPs for cancer treatment. Analyzing 77 projects from 2022, we highlight the progress and ongoing challenges within this research field.
Exploring building materials: human skin as a sensory reference in the absence of visual cues
Authors: Kudaligama A. , Udawattha C.
Published: September 2024

Material texture significantly influences how people perceive built environments, yet empirical evidence supporting its impact on spaciousness perception is limited. This study aimed to explore how people perceive building materials through sense in the absence of visual attention and how texture meanings affect indoor spaciousness perception. Conducted with 160 participants (90 males, 70 females, mean age ±SD: 22 ± 5 years), the study comprised three phases: baseline tactile assessment, blindfolded navigation in a lab and exposure to real-world environments. Findings revealed the skin’s ability to discern textural quality without visual cues, with slightly rough wall surfaces consistently perceived as more spacious. Moreover, the association between wall texture and perceived space varied, with subjective aspects influencing spaciousness in relatively spacious rooms, while objective factors played a larger role in less spacious settings. This study provides insights into sensory referral processes, warranting further investigation into the potential psychological impacts of textures.
Integrating oxidative-stress biomarkers into a precision oncology risk-stratification model for bladder cancer prognosis and therapy
Authors: Huang Jianxu , Zhou Dewang , Luo Weihan , Liu Yujun , Zheng Haoxiang , Wang Yongqiang
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Bladder cancer is a common malignant tumor with significant heterogeneity, making personalized risk stratification crucial for optimizing treatment and prognosis. This study aimed to develop a prognostic model based on oxidative stress-related genes to guide risk assessment in bladder cancer.

Methods

Differentially expressed oxidative stress-related genes were identified using the GEO database. Functional enrichment and survival analyses were performed on these genes. A risk-scoring model was built and tested for prognostic value and therapeutic response prediction. Expression of key genes was validated by qRT-PCR in samples from two muscle-invasive and two non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients.

Results

Several oxidative stress-related genes were identified as significantly associated with survival. The risk-scoring model stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups, accurately predicting prognosis and therapeutic responses. qRT-PCR confirmed the differential expression of key genes in patient samples.

Discussion

The study provides a concise risk stratification model based on oxidative stress-related genes, offering a practical tool for improving personalized treatment in bladder cancer. Further validation is required for broader clinical application.
Influence of the different stress paths on rock deformation memory effects using the deformation rate analysis method
Authors: Zhong Lingwei , Ren Xuhua , Wang Haijun , Zhao Guangchuan , Li Yang , Zhu Jiawei
Published: September 2024

Deformation memory effect (DME) is a common property of the rock. A method called Deformation Rate Analysis (DRA) which is based on DME provides a brand-new approach to measuring in situ stress. When rock DME is applied in engineering, it is necessary to solve the problem that which stress peak is corresponding to in situ stress. The standard square samples made of sandstone and granite were selected to investigate the rock DME under different stress paths. Then a memory theoretical model based on multi-surface sliding friction hysteresis is used to analyze the mechanisms of rock DME. The results show that: (1) Rocks always remember the maximum peak stress from preloading, regardless of the sequence of multiple preloading; (2) Multi-memory exists in tests because we found another inflection in DRA curve; (3) The memory model based on sliding friction hysteresis shows the precision of memory information formation increases as the historical maximum peak value gets closer to the measurement load, but multi-memory does not exist in theoretical analysis. The conclusion provides the rule of rock DME under different stress path which would benefits in in situ stress reconstruction.
Driving green technology innovation: the impacts of heterogeneous environmental regulation and digital financial inclusion
Authors: Jiao Hongrui , Deng Hongbing , Hu Shengmei
Published: September 2024

A strong environmental regulatory framework enhances green technology innovation (GTI), which is crucial for sustainable economic growth. We construct SDM models by using panel data from 108 cities in China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) from 2011 to 2020 to investigate the effects of heterogeneous environmental regulations (ER) on GTI in local and neighboring cities. The moderating influence of digital financial inclusion (DFI) is also examined within the SDM model. Our findings reveal that: (1) Different types of ER have varying impacts on GTI. (2) Command-and-control environmental regulation (CER) hinders local GTI but promotes GTI in neighboring cities. Both market-based (MER) and public-participation environmental regulations (PER) promote GTI in both local and neighboring cities. (3) DFI positively moderates the impact of ER on GTI by providing flexible finance support to enterprises. The study concludes with policy recommendations to improve environmental regulation systems, enhance regional synergistic governance, and promote digital financial inclusion for green sustainable development.
Relationship between type 1 diabetes and autoimmune diseases in european populations: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xie Weidong , Jiang Haojie , Chen Yao , Yu Zhaojie , Song Yaoyu , Zhang Huanhao , Li Sen , Han Shaoliang , Liu Naxin
Published: September 2024

Background

Previous studies have suggested an association between Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and autoimmune diseases (AIDs), but the causal relationship remains unclear. Therefore, this study utilizes publicly available Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) databases and employs a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach to explore the causal relationships between T1D and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods

Summary GWAS data for T1D, SLE, RA, and IBD were downloaded from open GWAS databases and the International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium (IIBDGC). We employed a series of methods to select instrumental variables closely related to T1D. To enhance the reliability of our conclusions, we applied multiple robust analytical methods, with the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary approach. Validation and meta-analysis were conducted using the FinnGen consortium. Additionally, we assessed heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and sensitivity to ensure the robustness of our conclusions.

Results

A potential causal association was found between T1D and SLE (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.26 – 1.49, P < 0.001), which was further confirmed by meta-analysis. Similarly, a potential causal association was found between T1D and RA (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.17 – 1.50, P < 0.001), and this was also confirmed by meta-analysis. Although the association between T1D and IBD showed P < 0.05, the leave-one-out test did not pass, and further meta-analysis indicated no significant statistical association between them.

Conclusion

Our study reveals the relationships between T1D and three clinically common autoimmune diseases (SLE, RA, and IBD). This research supplements previous studies and provides a reference for future clinical work.
Impact of mAb-FcRn affinity on IgG transcytosis across human well-differentiated airway epithelium
Authors: Togami Kohei , Wolf Whitney , Olson Lucas C. , Card Madison , Shen Limei , Schaefer Alison , Okuda Kenichi , Zeitlin Larry , Pauly Michael , Whaley Kevin , Pickles Raymond J. , Lai Samuel K.
Published: September 2024

Effective treatment and immunoprophylaxis of viral respiratory infections with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) require maintaining inhibitory concentrations of mAbs at the airway surface. While engineered mAbs with increased affinity to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) are increasingly employed, little is known how increased affinity of Fc to FcRn influences basal-to-apical transepithelial transport (transcytosis) of mAbs across the airway epithelium. To investigate this, we utilized a model of well-differentiated human airway epithelium (WD-HAE) that exhibited robust FcRn expression, and measured the transepithelial transport of a mAb against SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (CR3022) with either wildtype IgG1-Fc or Fc modified with YTE or LS mutations known to increase affinity for FcRn. Despite the marked differences in the affinity of these CR3022 variants for FcRn, we did not find substantial differences in basal-to-apical transport reflective of systemic dosing, or apical-to-basal transport reflective of inhaled dosing, compared to the transport of wildtype IgG1-Fc. These results suggest increasing FcRn affinity may only have limited influence over transcytosis rates of systemically dosed mAbs across the human airway epithelium over short time scales. Over longer time scales, the elevated circulating levels of mAbs with greater FcRn affinity, due to more effective FcRn-mediated recycling, may better resupply mAb into the respiratory tract, leading to more effective extended immunoprophylaxis.
Age-associated changes in innate and adaptive immunity: role of the gut microbiota
Authors: Gao Haoyu , Nepovimova Eugenie , Adam Vojtech , Heger Zbynek , Valko Marian , Wu Qinghua , Kuca Kamil
Published: September 2024

Aging is generally regarded as an irreversible process, and its intricate relationship with the immune system has garnered significant attention due to its profound implications for the health and well-being of the aging population. As people age, a multitude of alterations occur within the immune system, affecting both innate and adaptive immunity. In the realm of innate immunity, aging brings about changes in the number and function of various immune cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. Additionally, certain immune pathways, like the cGAS-STING, become activated. These alterations can potentially result in telomere damage, the disruption of cytokine signaling, and impaired recognition of pathogens. The adaptive immune system, too, undergoes a myriad of changes as age advances. These include shifts in the number, frequency, subtype, and function of T cells and B cells. Furthermore, the human gut microbiota undergoes dynamic changes as a part of the aging process. Notably, the interplay between immune changes and gut microbiota highlights the gut’s role in modulating immune responses and maintaining immune homeostasis. The gut microbiota of centenarians exhibits characteristics akin to those found in young individuals, setting it apart from the microbiota observed in typical elderly individuals. This review delves into the current understanding of how aging impacts the immune system and suggests potential strategies for reversing aging through interventions in immune factors.
Identification of common signature genes and pathways underlying the pathogenesis association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and heart failure
Authors: Li Gerui , Lu Zhengjie , Chen Ze
Published: September 2024

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and heart failure (HF) are related conditions with an increasing incidence. However, the mechanism underlying their association remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the shared pathogenic mechanisms and common biomarkers of NAFLD and HF through bioinformatics analyses and experimental validation.

Methods

NAFLD and HF-related transcriptome data were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE126848 and GSE26887). Differential analysis was performed to identify common differentially expressed genes (co-DEGs) between NAFLD and HF. Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were conducted to explore the functions and regulatory pathways of co-DEGs. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) methods were used to screen common key DEGs. The diagnostic value of common key DEGs was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and validated with external datasets (GSE89632 and GSE57345). Finally, the expression of biomarkers was validated in mouse models.

Results

A total of 161 co-DEGs were screened out in NAFLD and HF patients. GO, KEGG, and GSEA analyses indicated that these co-DEGs were mainly enriched in immune-related pathways. PPI network revealed 14 key DEGs, and SVM-RFE model eventually identified two genes (CD163 and CCR1) as common key DEGs for NAFLD and HF. Expression analysis revealed that the expression levels of CD163 and CCR1 were significantly down-regulated in HF and NAFLD patients. ROC curve analysis showed that CD163 and CCR1 had good diagnostic values for HF and NAFLD. Single-gene GSEA suggested that CD163 and CCR1 were mainly engaged in immune responses and inflammation. Experimental validation indicated unbalanced macrophage polarization in HF and NAFLD mouse models, and the expression of CD163 and CCR1 were significantly down-regulated.

Conclusion

This study identified M2 polarization impairment characterized by decreased expression of CD163 and CCR1 as a common pathogenic pathway in NAFLD and HF. The downregulation of CD163 and CCR1 may reflect key pathological changes in the development and progression of NAFLD and HF, suggesting their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
Aconitate decarboxylase 1 mediates the acute airway inflammatory response to environmental exposures
Authors: Schwab Aaron D. , Nelson Amy J. , Gleason Angela M. , Schanze Oliver W. , Wyatt Todd A. , Shinde Dhananjay D. , Xiao Peng , Thomas Vinai C. , Guda Chittibabu , Bailey Kristina L. , Kielian Tammy , Thiele Geoffrey M. , Poole Jill A.
Published: September 2024

Background

Environmental lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and microbial component-enriched organic dusts cause significant lung disease. These environmental exposures induce the recruitment and activation of distinct lung monocyte/macrophage subpopulations involved in disease pathogenesis. Aconitate decarboxylase 1 (Acod1) was one of the most upregulated genes following LPS (vs. saline) exposure of murine whole lungs with transcriptomic profiling of sorted lung monocyte/macrophage subpopulations also highlighting its significance. Given monocyte/macrophage activation can be tightly linked to metabolism, the objective of these studies was to determine the role of the immunometabolic regulator ACOD1 in environmental exposure-induced lung inflammation.

Methods

Wild-type (WT) mice were intratracheally (i.t.) instilled with 10 μg of LPS or saline. Whole lungs were profiled using bulk RNA sequencing or sorted to isolate monocyte/macrophage subpopulations. Sorted subpopulations were then characterized transcriptomically using a NanoString innate immunity multiplex array 48 h post-exposure. Next, WT and Acod1−/− mice were instilled with LPS, 25% organic dust extract (ODE), or saline, whereupon serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung tissues were collected. BALF metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were quantified by mass spectrometry. Cytokines/chemokines and tissue remodeling mediators were quantitated by ELISA. Lung immune cells were characterized by flow cytometry. Invasive lung function testing was performed 3 h post-LPS with WT and Acod1−/− mice.

Results

Acod1−/− mice treated with LPS demonstrated decreased BALF levels of itaconate, TCA cycle reprogramming, decreased BALF neutrophils, increased lung CD4+ T cells, decreased BALF and lung levels of TNF-α, and decreased BALF CXCL1 compared to WT animals. In comparison, Acod1−/− mice treated with ODE demonstrated decreased serum pentraxin-2, BALF levels of itaconate, lung total cell, neutrophil, monocyte, and B-cell infiltrates with decreased BALF levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and decreased lung CXCL1 vs. WT animals. Mediators of tissue remodeling (TIMP1, MMP-8, MMP-9) were also decreased in the LPS-exposed Acod1−/− mice, with MMP-9 also reduced in ODE-exposed Acod1−/− mice. Lung function assessments demonstrated a blunted response to LPS-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in Acod1−/− animals.

Conclusion

Acod1 is robustly upregulated in the lungs following LPS exposure and encodes a key immunometabolic regulator. ACOD1 mediates the proinflammatory response to acute inhaled environmental LPS and organic dust exposure-induced lung inflammation.
Prospective case–control study on pain intensity after the use of promethazine in patients undergoing videothoracoscopy
Authors: Zhou Xiangwei , He Benhui , Zheng Xia , Li Chao , Mi Zeyu , Peng Mingqing , Li Min
Published: September 2024

Objective

Effective and secure pain management following video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is crucial for rapid postoperative recovery. This study evaluated analgesic and sedative effects of sufentanil and promethazine in patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) post-thoracic surgery, along with potential adverse reactions.

Methods

In this prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind, clinical study, 60 patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists status I–III) undergoing VATS were enrolled. The patients were randomized into experimental (Group P) or control (Group C) groups. PCIA was administered post-general anesthesia using a double-blind method. Group P received sufentanil (3 μg/kg) + promethazine (1 mg/kg) + 0.9% sodium chloride solution (100 mL total), while Group C received sufentanil (3 μg/kg) + 0.9% sodium chloride solution (100 mL total). PCIA settings included a 1-mL bolus and 15-min locking time. The primary outcomes were the visual analog scale (VAS) at rest and during coughing and sedation (Ramsay) scores at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. The secondary outcomes were rescue drug use rate, hemodynamic parameters (mean arterial pressure and heart rate), percutaneous oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, and occurrence of adverse reactions.

Results

Group P exhibited lower resting and coughing VAS scores at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, plus decreased incidence of nausea and vomiting within 48 h post-surgery compared with Group C (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in pruritus, sedation (Ramsay) scores, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, or respiratory rate between the two groups (p > 0.05).

Discussion

The combination of sufentanil and promethazine for postoperative intravenous analgesia could effectively reduce adverse effects such as nausea and vomiting, contributing to postoperative pain relief.
Epidemiological survey of calf diarrhea related viruses in several areas of Guangdong Province
Authors: Chen Jinping , Meng Wenxin , Zeng Huijuan , Wang Jingyu , Liu Shizhe , Jiang Qifeng , Chen Zihan , Ma Zihang , Wang Zhen , Li Shoujun , Jia Kun
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Bovine torovirus (BToV), Bovine enterovirus (BEV), Bovine norovirus (BNoV), Bovine coronavirus (BCoV), Bovine rotavirus (BRV), and Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) are significant pathogens causing diarrhea in calves, characterized by their high prevalence and challenging prevention and control measures.

Methods

We analyzed 295 calf diarrhea samples, amplifying the M gene from BToV-positive samples, the 5’UTR gene from BEV-positive samples, the RdRp gene from BNoV-positive samples, the VP7 gene from BRV-positive samples, the S gene from BCoV-positive samples, and the 5’UTR gene from BVDV-positive samples. Subsequent homology analysis and phylogenetic tree construction were performed.

Results

The overall viral positive rate in Guangdong Province was 21.36%. Specific detection rates were as follows: Foshan City at 50.00% (18/36), Guangzhou City at 43.90% (36/82), Huizhou City at 21.21% (7/33), Yangjiang City at 2.08% (1/48), Meizhou City at 1.39% (1/72), and Heyuan City at 0.00% (0/24). The detection rates for BToV, BEV, BNoV, BCoV, BRV, and BVDV were 0.34% (1/295), 6.10% (18/295), 0.68% (2/295), 1.36% (4/295), 10.85% (32/295), and 2.03% (6/295), respectively. Notably, the highest overall virus detection rate was observed in the Guangzhou-Foshan region, with BRV and BEV showing the highest detection rates among the six viruses. This study marks the first report of BToV and BNoV in Guangdong Province. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the BToV strain belonged to type II, sharing genetic similarities with epidemic strains from various provinces in China. The BEV strains were categorized into E and F types, with the F type being the predominant strain in Guangdong Province and exhibiting the closest genetic relationship to strains from Heilongjiang and Guangxi. The BNoV strains, along with Hebei strains, were identified as GIII.2 subgenotype. BCoV strains showed the highest genetic similarity to strains from Sichuan. All BRV strains were classified under the G6 subtype and had the closest genetic relationship with human rotavirus strains. BVDV strains were identified as subtype 1b, closely related to the Beijing strain. In conclusion, this study investigated the prevalence and evolutionary characteristics of diarrhea-associated viruses in calves in specific areas of Guangdong Province, providing a valuable reference for establishing effective prevention and control measures in cattle farms.
Correspondence between white matter hyperintensities and regional grey matter volumes in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Yi Fangyuan , Wang Jirui , Lin Meiqing , Li Baizhu , Han Shiyu , Wang Shan , Jin Yingbin , Hu Ning , Chen Yutong , Shang Xiuli
Published: September 2024

Objective

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are the most common neuroimaging manifestation of cerebral small vessel disease, and is frequently observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between WMH and cognition and to verify the mediation of grey matter atrophy in this relationship.

Methods

The diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) technique analyses white matter fiber tract to assess white matter integrity. Voxel-based morphometry was applied to measure the grey matter volume (GMV). A linear regression model was applied to examine the associations between WMH and GMV, and mediation analyses was performed to determine the mediating role of regional GMV in the effect of WMH on cognitive function.

Results

Compared to the HC group, AD group have 8 fiber tract fractional anisotropy (FA) decreased and 16 fiber tract mean diffusivity (MD) increased. Compared to AD without WMH, AD with high WMH had 9 fiber tracts FA decreased and 13 fiber tracts MD increased. High WMH volume was negatively correlated with GMV in the frontal–parietal region. Low WMH volume was also negatively correlated with GMV except for the three regions (right angular gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus and right middle/inferior parietal gyrus), where GMV was positively correlated. Mediation analysis showed that the association between WMH and executive function or episodic memory were mediated by GMV in the frontal–parietal region.

Conclusion

Damage to white matter integrity was more severe in AD with WMH. Differential changes in DTI metrics may be caused by progressive myelin and axonal damage. There was a negative correlation between WMH and grey matter atrophy in frontal–parietal regions in a volume-dependent manner. This study indicates the correspondence between WMH volume and GMV in cognition, and GMV being a key modulator between WMH and cognition in AD. This result will contribute to understanding the progression of the disease process and applying targeted therapeutic intervention in the earlier stage to delay neurodegenerative changes in frontal–parietal regions to achieve better treatment outcomes and affordability.
Intelligent analysis and measurement of semicircular canal spatial attitude
Authors: Zhou Mi , Mao Jiesheng , Li Xiaoqing , Li Yanjun , Yang Xiaokai
Published: September 2024

Objective

The primary aim of this investigation was to devise an intelligent approach for interpreting and measuring the spatial orientation of semicircular canals based on cranial MRI. The ultimate objective is to employ this intelligent method to construct a precise mathematical model that accurately represents the spatial orientation of the semicircular canals.

Methods

Using a dataset of 115 cranial MRI scans, this study employed the nnDetection deep learning algorithm to perform automated segmentation of the semicircular canals and the eyeballs (left and right). The center points of each semicircular canal were organized into an ordered structure using point characteristic analysis. Subsequently, a point-by-point plane fit was performed along these centerlines, and the normal vector of the semicircular canals was computed using the singular value decomposition method and calibrated to a standard spatial coordinate system whose transverse planes were the top of the common crus and the bottom of the eyeballs.

Results

The nnDetection target recognition segmentation algorithm achieved Dice values of 0.9585 and 0.9663. The direction angles of the unit normal vectors for the left anterior, lateral, and posterior semicircular canal planes were [80.19°, 124.32°, 36.08°], [169.88°, 100.04°, 91.32°], and [79.33°, 130.63°, 137.4°], respectively. For the right side, the angles were [79.03°, 125.41°, 142.42°], [171.45°, 98.53°, 89.43°], and [80.12°, 132.42°, 44.11°], respectively.

Conclusion

This study successfully achieved real-time automated understanding and measurement of the spatial orientation of semicircular canals, providing a solid foundation for personalized diagnosis and treatment optimization of vestibular diseases. It also establishes essential tools and a theoretical basis for future research into vestibular function and related diseases.
Opioid Use Disorder and intracerebral hemorrhage in Isfahan, Iran: a case–control study
Authors: Saadatnia Mohammad , Norouzi Razieh , Najafi Mohammad Amin , Gol Parvar Sahand , Najafian Arash , Tabatabei Aryan , Foroughi Melika , Esteki Sadaf , Khorvash Fariborz
Published: September 2024

Background

Opium use disorder is a significant health problem in our country, leading to a considerable number of health issues. Opium has several detrimental effects on its consumers. However, the effect of Opium use disorder on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has not been evaluated. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between Opium use disorder and ICH.

Methods

In this case–control study, 402 patients with ICH and 404 patients without ICH enrolled. Opium use disorder, other vascular risk factors including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and tobacco smoking was compared between these groups. Patients with ICH were divided into two groups; first group are patients with history of Opioid Use Disorder and second group are those patients without Opioid Use Disorder. ICH features including clinical and imaging characteristics and prognostic findings were compared between patients with and without Opium use disorder.

Results

This case–control study of 806 participants found that hypertension (OR = 6.84, 95% CI: 5.03–9.34, p-value: <0.001), Opium use disorder (OR = 4.23, 95% CI: 2.42–7.35, p-value: <0.001) and tobacco smoking (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.01–2.16, p-value: 0.049) had a higher risk of ICH. Opium-addicted subjects had higher ICH scores (2.61 ± 1.27 vs. 2.11 ± 1.29, p-value: 0.005), were more likely to have infratentorial hemorrhage (22% vs. 12%, OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.06–4.28, p-value: 0.038), more likely to be intubated (66% vs. 54%, OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 0.98–3.27, p-value = 0.041) and had lower GCS scores (9.58 ± 3.60 vs. 8.25 ± 3.88, p-value: 0.01). The effect of Opium use disorder independently on ICH was also shown in logistic regression (adjusted OR = 3.15, p-value = 0.001).

Conclusion

This study is the first to evaluate the effect of Opium use disorder on ICH, identifying Opium use disorder as a new potential risk factor for ICH.