bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anodic SnO2 porous nanostructures with rich grain boundaries for efficient CO2 electroreduction to formate
Authors: Ma Ruizhen , Chen Yan-Li , Shen Yongli , Wang Heng , Zhang Wei , Pang Su-Seng , Huang Jianfeng , Han Yu , Zhao Yunfeng
Published: June 2020

The formate is electrochemical synthesized from a porous anodic SnO2 with the faradic efficiency over 70% under low potential.
The putative Escherichia coli dehydrogenase YjhC metabolises two dehydrated forms of N-acetylneuraminate produced by some sialidases
Authors: Kentache Takfarinas , Thabault Léopold , Peracchi Alessio , Frédérick Raphaël , Bommer Guido T. , Van Schaftingen Emile
Published: June 2020

Homologues of the putative dehydrogenase YjhC are found in operons involved in the metabolism of N-acetylneuraminate (Neu5Ac) or related compounds. We observed that purified recombinant YjhC forms Neu5Ac from two dehydrated forms of this compound, 2,7-anhydro-N-acetylneuraminate (2,7-AN) and 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-N-acetylneuraminate (2,3-EN) that are produced during the degradation of sialoconjugates by some sialidases. The conversion of 2,7-AN into Neu5Ac is reversible and reaches its equilibrium when the ratio of 2,7-AN to Neu5Ac is ≈1/6. The conversion of 2,3-EN is irreversible, leading to a mixture of Neu5Ac and 2,7-AN. NMR analysis of the reaction catalysed by YjhC on 2,3-EN indicated that Neu5Ac was produced as the α-anomer. All conversions require NAD+ as a cofactor, which is regenerated in the reaction. They appear to involve the formation of keto (presumably 4-keto) intermediates of 2,7-AN, 2,3-EN and Neu5Ac, which were detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The proposed reaction mechanism is reminiscent of the one catalysed by family 4 β-glycosidases, which also use NAD+ as a cofactor. Both 2,7-AN and 2,3-EN support the growth of Escherichia coli provided the repressor NanR, which negatively controls the expression of the yjhBC operons, has been inactivated. Inactivation of either YjhC or YjhB in NanR-deficient cells prevents the growth on 2,7-AN and 2,3-EN. This confirms the role of YjhC in 2,7-AN and 2,3-EN metabolism and indicates that transport of 2,7-AN and 2,3-EN is carried out by YjhB, which is homologous to the Neu5Ac transporter NanT.
SARS-CoV2 may evade innate immune response, causing uncontrolled neutrophil extracellular traps formation and multi-organ failure
Authors: Thierry Alain R. , Roch Benoit
Published: June 2020

We demonstrate that the general clinical conditions, risk factors and numerous pathological and biological features of COVID-19 are analogous with various disorders caused by the uncontrolled formation of neutrophil extracellular traps and their by-products. Given the rapid evolution of this disease’s symptoms and its lethality, we hypothesize that SARS-CoV2 evades innate immune response causing COVID-19 progresses under just such an amplifier loop, leading to a massive, uncontrolled inflammation process. This work allows us to propose new strategies for treating the pandemic.
Decoy ACE2-expressing extracellular vesicles that competitively bind SARS-CoV-2 as a possible COVID-19 therapy
Authors: Inal Jameel M.
Published: June 2020

The novel strain of coronavirus that appeared in 2019, SARS-CoV-2, is the causative agent of severe respiratory disease, COVID-19, and the ongoing pandemic. As for SARS-CoV that caused the SARS 2003 epidemic, the receptor on host cells that promotes uptake, through attachment of the spike (S) protein of the virus, is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). In a recent article published by Batlle et al. (Clin. Sci. (Lond.) (2020) 134, 543–545) it was suggested that soluble recombinant ACE2 could be used as a novel biological therapeutic to intercept the virus, limiting the progression of infection and reducing lung injury. Another way, discussed here, to capture SARS-CoV-2, as an adjunct or alternative, would be to use ACE2+-small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). A competitive inhibition therapy could therefore be developed, using sEVs from engineered mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), overexpressing ACE2.
Photometry and high-resolution spectroscopy of comet 21P/Giacobini-Zinner during its 2018 apparition
Authors: Moulane Y. , Jehin E. , Rousselot P. , Manfroid J. , Shinnaka Y. , Pozuelos F. J. , Hutsemékers D. , Opitom C. , Yang B. , Benkhaldoun Z.
Published: June 2020

We report on photometry and high-resolution spectroscopy of the chemically peculiar Jupiter-family comet (hereafter JFC) 21P/Giacobini-Zinner. Comet 21P is a well-known member of the carbon-chain-depleted family, but also displays a depletion of amines. We continuously monitored the comet over more than seven months with the two TRAPPIST telescopes (TN and TS), covering a wide heliocentric distance range from 1.60 au inbound to 2.10 au outbound with a perihelion at 1.01 au on September 10, 2018. We computed and followed the evolution of the dust- (represented by Afρ) and gas-production rates of the daughter species OH, NH, CN, C3, and C2 and their relative abundances to OH and to CN over the cometary orbit. We compared them to those measured in the previous apparitions. The activity of the comet and its water production rate reached a maximum of (3.72 ± 0.07) × 1028 mol s−1 on August 17, 2018 (rh = 1.07 au), 24 days before perihelion. The peak value of A(0)fρ was reached on the same date (1646 ± 13) cm in the red filter. Using a sublimation model for the nucleus, we constrained the active surface of the nucleus using the slow-rotator model. The abundance ratios of the various species are remarkably constant over a wide range of heliocentric distances before and after perihelion, showing a high level of homogeneity of the ices in the surface of the nucleus. The behaviour and level of the activity of the comet is also remarkably similar over the last five orbits. In the coma dust colour, 21P shows reflective gradients similar to JFCs. We obtained a high-resolution spectrum of 21P with UVES at ESO Very Large Telescope one week after perihelion. Using the CN B-X (0, 0) violet band, we measured 12C/13C and 14N/15N isotopic ratios of 100 ± 10 and 145 ± 10, respectively, both in very good agreement with the ratios commonly found in comets. We measured an ortho-para abundance ratio of NH3 of 1.16 ± 0.02, corresponding to a nuclear spin temperature of Tspin = 27 ± 1 K, which is similar to other comets. While the abundance ratios in the gaseous coma reveal a peculiar composition, the isotopic and ortho-to-para ratios appear entirely normal. We performed a dynamical simulation of 21P and found that it is likely a young member of the JFC population. We favour a pristine composition scenario to explain the chemical peculiarities of this comet.
Transverse Momentum Resummation for Z boson Plus Jet Production at the LHC
Authors: Sun Peng , Yan Bin , Yan C.-P. , Yuan Feng
Published: June 2020

We study the transverse momentum resummation effects for the Z boson plus jet associated production at the LHC within the transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization formalism. The large logarithm ln (Q2/q⊥2) with Q ≫ q⊥ has been resumed to Next-to-Leading Logarithm (NLL) accuracy. We compare our numerical results to the CMS data by reweighting method. It shows that our prediction agree with the data very well.
Searching the QCD critical endpoint with lattice simulations
Authors: Borsanyi Szabolcs , Fodor Zoltan , Giordano Matteo , Guenther Jana N. , Kapás Kornél , Katz Sandor K. , Szabó Kalman K. , Pasztor Attila , Portillo Israel , Ratti Claudia
Published: June 2020

We discuss the usefulness of various lattice observables especially fluctuations to locate the QCD critical endpoint. We apply different models to interpret our results for the baryon fluctuations up to µ8 from simulations at imaginary chemical potentials.
Production of exotic charmonium in heavy ion collisions
Authors: Navarra F. S.
Published: June 2020

We present a short review of exotic charmonium production in heavy ion collisions. We discuss predictions for the production cross section of several of these states in ultra-peripheral Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC. The experimental study of these processes is feasible and can be used to yield valuable information about the structure of multiquark states. We also address X(3872) production in central Pb-Pb collisions. In particular, we discuss the suppression of X(3872) during the hadron gas phase. Finally, we comment on the very recent CMS data on the X(3872) yield in Pb-Pb collisions. the very recent CMS data on the X(3872) yield in Pb-Pb collisions.
Recent results on cold-QCD from RHIC
Authors: Xu Qinghua
Published: June 2020

Polarized proton-proton collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) provide unique opportunities to study the spin structure of the nucleon. We will highlight recent results on the nucleon spin structure from the STAR and PHENIX experiments at RHIC: (1) A sizable gluon polarization in the proton is measured with longitudinal double spin asymmetries of jet and hadron production; (2) Longitudinal single spin asymmetries in W boson production improve constraints on the sea quark polarization. The new spin asymmetry results for W boson confirmed the SU(2) flavor asymmetry of the light sea quark polarization in the proton; (3) Transverse spin effects in hadronic systems offer new implications on parton distribution functions in the collinear and transverse momentum dependent frameworks. We will also discuss near term plans for the STAR forward detector upgrade and prospects for proton-proton and protonion collisions in the years beyond 2021 at STAR.
A New Heavy Flavor Program for the Future Electron-Ion Collider
Authors: Li Xuan , Vitev Ivan , Brooks Melynda , Cincio Lukasz , Matthew Durham J. , Graesser Michael , Liu Ming X. , Morreale Astrid , Neill Duff , da Silva Cesar , Sondheim Walter E. , Yoon Boram
Published: June 2020

The proposed high-energy and high-luminosity Electron–Ion Collider (EIC) will provide one of the cleanest environments to precisely determine the nuclear parton distribution functions (nPDFs) in a wide x–Q2 range. Heavy flavor production at the EIC provides access to nPDFs in the poorly constrained high Bjorken-x region, allows us to study the quark and gluon fragmentation processes, and constrains parton energy loss in cold nuclear matter. Scientists at the Los Alamos National Laboratory are developing a new physics program to study heavy flavor production, flavor tagged jets, and heavy flavor hadron-jet correlations in the nucleon/nucleus going direction at the future EIC. The proposed measurements will provide a unique way to explore the flavor dependent fragmentation functions and energy loss in a heavy nucleus. They will constrain the initial-state eﬀects that are critical for the interpretation of previous and ongoing heavy ion measurements at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider. We show an initial conceptual design of the proposed Forward Silicon Tracking (FST) detector at the EIC, which is essential to carry out the heavy flavor measurements. We further present initial feasibility studies/simulations of heavy flavor hadron reconstruction using the proposed FST.
Connection between soft and hard probes of small collision systems at RHIC and LHC
Authors: Perepelitsa Dennis V.
Published: June 2020

The expected connections between signatures in the soft and hard sectors of small collision systems, and the status of experimental attempts to identify them, are discussed. These proceedings summarize the talk as given at the International Symposium on Multi- Particle Dynamics in September 2019 in Santa Fe, NM (ISMD19). As such, the choice of content and focus are selective and not intended to be comprehensive.
Mitigating Large Background in Jet Substructure Observables
Authors: Kang Daekyoung , Chien Yang-Ting , Lee Kyle , Makris Yiannis
Published: June 2020

We discuss a new approach for jet physics analysis by using subtraction between cumulants of jet substructure observables. The subtracted cumulants are insensitive to soft-particle background uncorrelated with the hard process and allow comparisons between theoretical results and experimental measurements without the complication of soft background like underlying and pile-up events. We find our method using jet mass cumulants efficiently eliminates the background in Monte Carlo simulations and ATLAS jet mass measurements and they show a good agreement with our analytic calculations performed using soft-collinear effective theory.
Probing BFKL dynamics at hadronic colliders in jet gap jet events
Authors: Royon Christophe , Deganutti Federico
Published: June 2020

In this report, we give the Balitsky Fadin Kuraev Lipton formalism for jet gap jet events at hadronic colliders. We also discuss the case where in addition at least one proton is intact in the final state in diffractive events.
Proton Holography Discovering Odderon from Scaling Properties of Elastic Scattering
Authors: Csörgö T. , Novák T. , Pasechnik R. , Ster A. , Szanyi I.
Published: June 2020

We investigate the scaling properties of elastic scattering data at ISR and LHC energies, and find that the significance of an Odderon observation is larger than the discovery threshold of 5σ. As an unexpected by-product of these investigations, for certain experimentally relevant cases, we also conjecture the possibility of proton holography with the help of elastic proton-proton scattering.
Transseries gradient expansion of Yang-Mills plasma
Authors: Jankowski Jakub
Published: June 2020

We discuss a resurgence framework in which both hydrodynamical and transient degrees of freedom of N = 4 SYM plasma are incorporated on an equal footing. In consequence, at late times, all information about initial conditions is encoded in infinitely many exponentially damped modes, controlled by transseries parameters.
Esophageal perforation in eosinophilic esophagitis: five cases in children
Authors: Donnet Camille , Destombe Sylvie , Lachaux Alain , Michaud Laurent , Triolo Valérie , Heissat Sophie , Stephan Jean-Louis , Patural Hugues
Published: June 2020

Background and study aims Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune disease with increasing incidence. It is clinically defined by symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and histologically by eosinophilic polynuclear cell infiltration of the esophageal mucosa. Symptoms are not specific and include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), dysphagia, vomiting or dietary blockages. Chronic inflammation of the mucosa may lead to narrowing of the esophageal lumen responsible for impactions. Extraction procedures can be complicated by dissection and perforation. Rare spontaneous ruptures of the esophagus known as Boerhaave syndrome are also possible. We report five cases of esophageal perforation in children with EoE, three with spontaneous rupture and two after an endoscopic procedure. The evolution was favorable under medical treatment.
Aktuelle Therapiekonzepte und Ergebnisse für Kinder mit
Spinaler Muskelatrophie und
Wirbelsäulendeformität
Authors: Lorenz Heiko M. , Braunschweig Lena , Hecker Marina M. , Badwan Batoul , Tsaknakis Konstantinos , Hell Anna K.
Published: June 2020

Hintergrund Kinder mit Spinaler Muskelatrophie (SMA) Typ I und II
entwickeln fast immer eine progrediente Wirbelsäulendeformität,
welche nach Einführung der intrathekalen Injektionstherapie mit
Nusinersen durch die damit verbundenen Schwierigkeiten bei der Punktion in den
letzten Monaten in den Fokus gerückt sind.

Ziel der Arbeit Die vorliegende Untersuchung untersucht die Ergebnisse
einer neuartigen operativen Therapie zur Wirbelsäulenkorrektur bei SMA
Kindern im Vergleich zu unbehandelten SMA Jugendlichen.

Methoden In einer prospektiven Studie wurden 30 SMA Kinder (Gruppe I) mit
von extern auszufahrenden magnetischen Implantaten versorgt, welche parallel zur
Wirbelsäule implantiert wurden. Im Wachstumsverlauf wurden die
Implantate ambulant alle drei Monate distrahiert. Diesem Kollektiv wurden 15 SMA
Jugendliche (Gruppe II) mit unbehandelten Deformitäten
gegenübergestellt.

Ergebnisse Gruppe I war bei Implantation durchschnittlich 7,6 Jahre alt
und wurde 41 Monate nachuntersucht. Der Skoliosekrümmungswinkel konnte
von 62 auf 25° (59%; p<0,001) und der Beckenschiefstand
von 15 auf 4° (73%; p<0,001) reduziert werden. Im
Gegensatz dazu hatte Gruppe II (Alter 13,7 Jahre) eine Skoliose von 101°
und einen Beckenschiefstand von 22°. In Gruppe I konnten die erzielten
Korrekturen im Untersuchungszeitraum gehalten werden.

Schlussfolgerung Bei SMA Kindern konnte durch die vorgestellte
Operationstechnik eine signifikante Skoliosereduktion und Verbesserung des
Beckenschiefstandes erreichen und im Verlauf gehalten werden im Vergleich zu
unbehandelten Jugendlichen. Gerade auch in Hinblick auf die intrathekale
Injektionstherapie mit Nusinersen zur SMA Behandlung ist die Notwendigkeit einer
Wirbelsäule ohne starke Deformierung gegeben.
Ein 15-jähriger Fußballer mit Urtikaria, Fieber, Arthritis und Myositis
Authors: Dressler Frank
Published: June 2020

Berichtet wird von einem 15-Jährigen mit winterlicher Urtikaria, Fieberschüben, Arthritiden und Myositis, bei dem differenzialdiagnostisch an eine septische Arthritis, eine Kälteurtikaria und eine Autoimmunmyositis gedacht werden musste. Unter der Therapie einer systemischen juvenilen idiopathischen Arthritis mit Anakinra trat eine initiale dramatische Verschlechterung mit beginnendem akutem Nierenversagen und Kreislaufschwäche bei Makrophagenaktivierungssyndrom auf 4. Es kam unter Methylprednisolon-Pulsen unter fortgesetzter Interleukin-1-Blockade zur klinischen und paraklinischen Besserung. 18 Monate nach Beginn der Therapie konnte diese wieder beendet werden ohne bisherige Verschlechterung 5. Der Patient wird regelmäßig nachbeobachtet.
Der Weg in die (eigene) PRM Praxis
Authors: Lemhöfer Christina
Published: June 2020

Der Weg in die eigene Praxis ist nicht immer leicht und erfordert viel Zeit.
Rund 12 Monate vor der geplanten Niederlassung, sollte man beginnen sich
intensiv mit dem Thema zu beschäftigen. Bereits im Vorhinein, kann
man die Chancen auf eine schnelle Zulassung verbessern und beeinflussen: Die
folgenden Seiten sollen eine Art Fahrplan hierfür darstellen.
Ernährung adipöser kritisch kranker Intensivpatienten unter besonderer Beachtung der Proteindosierung
Authors: Kreymann Karl Georg
Published: June 2020

Die Ernährung adipöser Intensivpatienten ist nach wie vor ein kontrovers diskutiertes Thema. Selbst die neuesten Leitlinien geben widersprüchliche, zum Teil auf unphysiologischen Annahmen basierende Empfehlungen. Wenn auch die meisten ein hypokalorisches Ernährungskonzept mit viel Protein befürworten, so findet sich dennoch keine Übereinstimmung, was das Ausmaß der Energiereduktion und die Proteindosierung betrifft. Wir setzen dem ein einfaches Konzept einer progressiven Hypoalimentation entgegen, das auf einer Definition des Normgewichts beruht, sowie einer Proteinzufuhr, die auf einer Schätzung der Körpermagermasse basiert. Ein Vergleich mit den herkömmlichen Vorgehensweisen belegt den physiologischeren Ansatz dieser neuen Empfehlung.
High microsatellite instability (MSI-H) is associated with distinct clinical and molecular characteristics and an improved survival in early Colon cancer (CC); real world data from the AIO molecular registry Colopredict Plus
Authors: Noepel-Duennebacke Stefanie , Juette Hendrik , Reinacher-Schick Anke , Tannapfel Andrea , Feder Inke Sabine , Kluxen Larissa , Basara Nadezda , Hiller Wolfgang , Herzog Torsten , Klaassen-Mielke Renate , Mueller Lothar , Senkal Metin , Engel Lars , Teschendorf Christian , Trenn Guido , Verdoodt Berlinda , Wolters Heiner , Uhl Waldemar
Published: June 2020

Colorectal cancer is one of the leading malignancies and still accounts for almost 25 000 deaths in Germany each year. Although there is accumulating data on the molecular basis, treatment and clinical outcome of patients within clinical trials evidence from the real-world setting is mostly lacking. We started the molecular registry trial Colopredict Plus in 2013 to collect clinical and molecular data from a real-world cohort of patients with early colon cancer stage II and III in 70 German colon cancer centers focusing on the prognostic impact of high microsatellite instability. In this interim report, we characterize a clinical cohort of 2615 patients, of whom 1787 tissue probes were analyzed. Microsatellite status was assessed using immunhistochemistry and fragment length analysis, with a concordance of 91.4 %. These established histopathological methods are sensitive and cost-effective. The median age was 72 years, significantly higher compared to clinical trial populations, with a median Charlson Comorbidity Index of 3. The stage-dependent incidence of microsatellite instability was 23.7 % and was associated with female gender, BRAF-mutation, UICC stage II and localization in the right colon. Survival calculated in disease free, relapse free and overall survival significantly differed between MSI-H and MSS, in favor of MSI-H patients. Multivariate age-adjusted analyses of relapse-free survival, disease-free survival, and overall survival highlighted microsatellite instability as a robust and positive prognostic marker for early colon cancer independent of age.
Palliativmedizin und Musiktherapie – ein Erfahrungsbericht
Authors: Walter Jana-Christin , Friesecke Iris
Published: June 2020

Der Einsatz künstlerischer Therapien in der Palliativmedizin wird im Operationen- und Prozedurenschlüssel (OPS-Katalog), der die Grundlage für die Leistungsabrechnung der deutschen Krankenhäuser bildet, gefordert. Auf dieser Grundlage wird die Musiktherapie in palliativen Settings eingesetzt. Sowohl für die Palliativmedizin als auch die Musiktherapie gibt es zahlreiche Definitionen, und zunehmend finden sich auch Forschungsprojekte zu diesem kombinierten Thema. In dieser Veröffentlichung geht es jedoch nicht nur darum, beide Themengebiete bzw. ihre Kombination zusammenfassend strukturiert darzustellen, sondern maßgeblich darum, Ihnen als Leser bzw. Leserin einen Einblick zu ermöglichen, der vielleicht zu einer Erfahrung werden kann: eine Erfahrung, die zeigt, wie es gelingen kann, einem Patienten das Gefühl eines Sich-getragen-Wissens oder des Gut-aufgehoben-Seins zu vermitteln und dadurch zu einer verbesserten Lebensqualität beizutragen.
Zur Geschichte der Balintbewegung*
Authors: Kielhorn Rita
Published: June 2020

Balints Wirken in Budapest, Berlin, London und im Engadin (CH) sowie die
Entwicklung der Balintbewegung werden kurz vorgestellt. Es wird gezeigt, wie
von einer eher zufälligen, freiwilligen Suche einzelner
Ärzte nach Hilfe bei der Behandlung von Patienten die Balintgruppe
zu einer anerkannten Methode im Rahmen der organisierten Fort- und
Weiterbildung für Fachärzte verschiedener Gebiete geworden
ist. Die Sensibilisierung für die Arzt-Patienten-Interaktion
über Balintgruppen und deren Wirksamkeit für das Verstehen
von Patienten aus fremden Kulturkreisen wird durch Fallbeispiele aus eigener
Praxis verdeutlicht. Die Autorin plädiert für die weiterhin
unteilbare Verantwortung des Arztes bei Diagnostik und Therapie des kranken
Menschen in seiner biopsychosozialen Einheit.
Homöopathie in der Kinderpalliativmedizin
Authors: Grasser Monika
Published: June 2020

In den letzten Jahren wurden viele Hilfsangebote und neue Strukturen zur Unterstützung von Palliativpatienten geschaffen. Auch in der Betreuung von schwerst und palliativ erkrankten Kindern und Jugendlichen werden viele, dem Alter der Patienten angepasste Angebote gemacht. Viele Familien suchen in diesen speziellen Situationen zusätzlich Unterstützung durch komplementäre Therapieverfahren. Hier kann die Homöopathie eine begleitende Therapie mit Hilfe der für den individuellen Patienten jeweils passenden homöopathischen Arznei anbieten, um die Krankheitssymptome des Kindes zu lindern und seine Lebensqualität zu verbessern. Die Grundzüge der Homöopathie werden dargestellt und die praktische homöopathische Betreuung und Begleitung bei 2 Kindern mit schweren angeborenen Erkrankungen wird geschildert.
Update kontagiöse Erkrankungen und internationaler Flugverkehr
Authors: Siedenburg Jörg
Published: June 2020

Kontagiöse Erkrankungen können durch den Luftverkehr verbreitet werden. Umgekehrt können Epidemien und Pandemien sowie die Reaktion darauf erhebliche Auswirkungen auf den Luftverkehr und seine wirtschaftlichen Grundlagen haben. Gesetzliche Regelungen auf nationaler und internationaler Basis, insbesondere die International Health Regulations (IHR), sollen die Verbreitung kontagiöser Erkrankungen über den internationalen Verkehr verhindern. Durch verschiedene Maßnahmen sollen Flugreisen von Infizierten verhindert werden. Das Übertragungsrisiko von Infektionskrankheiten an Bord ist minimal. Aus medizinischen Gründen und aufgrund der internationalen Rechtslage verbietet sich jedoch ein Lufttransport infektiöser Passagiere. Screeningverfahren sollen einen solchen verhindern. Bei Auftreten von Krankheitsfällen an Bord werden umfangreiche Maßnahmen eingeleitet, um die Ansteckung weiterer Passagiere zu verhindern. Für den Lufttransport infektiöser Patienten steht derzeit noch keine Standardlösung zur Verfügung.
“En Caul” Cesarean Delivery for Extremely Premature Fetuses: Surgical Technique and Anesthetic Options
Authors: Murakoshi Takeshi
Published: June 2020

The risks and technical difficulties at the cesarean delivery for extremely premature infant under 1,000g are as follows: (1) a premature infant is very weak for pressure of uterine wall or human hands, (2) skin of infant is really premature and weak, (3) uterine wall is thick and difficult to incise at lower segment of uterus, (4) classical vertical incision or reverse T-shape incision are at risk for future uterine rupture, and (5) at the timing of rupture of membrane, uterine wall may contract drastically and the infant is trapped the uterine wall, so called “hug-me-tight-uterus”.

To resolve the problems, we use the technique of “En Caul” cesarean delivery with nitroglycerin. Intravenous injection of nitroglycerin just before uterine incision made the rapid and sufficient relaxation of uterine muscle. After getting adequate uterine relaxation, U- or J-shaped incision is made to lower segment of the uterus; however, we never incise the membrane before the infant was delivered. The baby is delivered with wrapped amniotic fluid and the membrane, which protect the infant against the pressure of uterine wall or surgeon’s hands. The infant is gently handled to neonatologist by “En Caul” with the placenta. Neonatologist can make the membrane ruptured and resuscitation. Own blood transfusion can be made through the umbilical cord and placenta, if the infant was anemic or hypovolemic.
Transitioning a Practice to Robotic Total Knee Arthroplasty Is Correlated with Favorable Short-Term Clinical Outcomes—A Single Surgeon Experience
Authors: King Connor A. , Jordan Mark , Bradley Alexander T. , Wlodarski Caroline , Tauchen Alexander , Puri Lalit
Published: June 2020

Background This study sought to evaluate the patient experience and short-term clinical outcomes associated with the hospital stay of patients who underwent robotic arm-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA). These results were compared with a cohort of patients who underwent TKA without robotic assistance performed by the same surgeon prior to the introduction of this technology.

Materials and Methods A cohort of consecutive patients undergoing primary TKA for the diagnosis of osteoarthritis by a single fellowship trained orthopaedic surgeon over a 39-month period was identified. Patients who underwent TKA during the year that this surgeon transitioned his entire knee arthroplasty practice to robotic assistance were excluded to eliminate selection bias and control for the learning curve. All patients received the same prosthesis and postoperative pain protocol. Patients that required intubation for failed spinal anesthetic were excluded. A final population of 492 TKAs was identified. Of these, 290 underwent TKA without robotic assistance and 202 underwent robotic arm-assisted TKA. Patient demographic characteristics and short-term clinical data were analyzed.

Results Robotic arm-assisted TKA was associated with shorter length of stay (2.3 vs. 2.6 days, p < 0.001), a 50% reduction in morphine milligram equivalent utilization (from 214 to 103, p < 0.001), and a mean increase in procedure time of 9.3 minutes (p < 0.001). There was one superficial infection in the nonrobotic cohort and there were no deep postoperative infections in either cohort. There were no manipulations under anesthesia in the robotic cohort while there were six in the nonrobotic cohort. Additionally, there were no significant differences in emergency department visits, readmissions, or return to the operating room.

Conclusion This analysis corroborates existing literature suggesting that robotic arm-assisted TKA can be correlated with improved short-term clinical outcomes. This study reports on a single surgeon's experience with regard to analgesic requirements, length of stay, pain scores, and procedure time following a complete transition to robotic arm-assisted TKA. These results underscore the importance of continued evaluation of clinical outcomes as robotic arthroplasty technology continues to grow.
Update in the Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Bancalari Aldo , Schade Ricardo
Published: June 2020

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an alteration in the development of the immature retina vascularization that frequently occurs in premature infants and is one of the leading causes of childhood blindness worldwide. In threshold stage retinopathy, laser photocoagulation is the standard treatment, particularly in those located in zone II. However, this therapy destroys parts of the retina and can lead to significant eye complications later in life. For this reason, in the last few years, antivascular endothelial growth factor agents are being used as monotherapy or as coadjuvant with laser, especially in retinopathy located in zone I. More recently, the administration of oral propranolol has been used as prevention and/or treatment of prethreshold retinopathy with encouraging results. This review provides an overview of the current evidence on newer treatment strategies for ROP.

Key Points
Mechanical Ventilation in Pregnancy Due to COVID-19: A Cohort of Three Cases
Authors: Lucarelli Elizabeth , Behn Claudia , Lashley Susan , Smok Dorothy , Benito Carlos , Oyelese Yinka
Published: June 2020

We describe our experience with three pregnant women with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who required mechanical ventilation. Recent data suggest a mortality of 88% in nonpregnant patients with COVID-19 who require intubation and mechanical ventilation. The three women we report were intubated and mechanically ventilated during pregnancy due to respiratory failure and pneumonia resulting from COVID-19. After several days of ventilation, all three were successfully weaned off mechanical ventilation and extubated, and are continuing their pregnancies with no demonstrable adverse effects. Our experience suggests that the mortality in pregnant women with COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation is not necessarily as high as in nonpregnant patients with COVID-19.

Key Points
Nonlinear dynamics of continuous-time random walks in inhomogeneous medium
Authors: Carnaffan Sean , Magdziarz Marcin , Szczotka Wladyslaw
Published: June 2020

Continuous-time random walks (CTRWs) are an elementary model for particle motion subject to randomized waiting times. In this paper, we consider the case where the distribution of waiting times depends on the location of the particle. In particular, we analyze the case where the medium exhibits a bounded trapping region in which the particle is subject to CTRW with power-law waiting times and regular diffusion elsewhere. We derive a diffusion limit for this inhomogeneous CTRW. We show that depending on the index of the power-law distribution, we can observe either nonlinear subdiffusive or standard diffusive motion.
Invertible generalized synchronization: A putative mechanism for implicit learning in neural systems
Authors: Lu Zhixin , Bassett Danielle S.
Published: June 2020

Regardless of the marked differences between biological and artificial neural systems, one fundamental similarity is that they are essentially dynamical systems that can learn to imitate other dynamical systems whose governing equations are unknown. The brain is able to learn the dynamic nature of the physical world via experience; analogously, artificial neural systems such as reservoir computing networks (RCNs) can learn the long-term behavior of complex dynamical systems from data. Recent work has shown that the mechanism of such learning in RCNs is invertible generalized synchronization (IGS). Yet, whether IGS is also the mechanism of learning in biological systems remains unclear. To shed light on this question, we draw inspiration from features of the human brain to propose a general and biologically feasible learning framework that utilizes IGS. To evaluate the framework’s relevance, we construct several distinct neural network models as instantiations of the proposed framework. Regardless of their particularities, these neural network models can consistently learn to imitate other dynamical processes with a biologically feasible adaptation rule that modulates the strength of synapses. Further, we observe and theoretically explain the spontaneous emergence of four distinct phenomena reminiscent of cognitive functions: (i) learning multiple dynamics; (ii) switching among the imitations of multiple dynamical systems, either spontaneously or driven by external cues; (iii) filling-in missing variables from incomplete observations; and (iv) deciphering superimposed input from different dynamical systems. Collectively, our findings support the notion that biological neural networks can learn the dynamic nature of their environment through the mechanism of IGS.
Cascaded nanooptics to probe microsecond atomic-scale phenomena
Authors: Kamp Marlous , de Nijs Bart , Kongsuwan Nuttawut , Saba Matthias , Chikkaraddy Rohit , Readman Charlie A. , Deacon William M. , Griffiths Jack , Barrow Steven J. , Ojambati Oluwafemi S. , Wright Demelza , Huang Junyang , Hess Ortwin , Scherman Oren A. , Baumberg Jeremy J.
Published: June 2020

Plasmonic nanostructures can focus light far below the diffraction limit, and the nearly thousandfold field enhancements obtained routinely enable few- and single-molecule detection. However, for processes happening on the molecular scale to be tracked with any relevant time resolution, the emission strengths need to be well beyond what current plasmonic devices provide. Here, we develop hybrid nanostructures incorporating both refractive and plasmonic optics, by creating SiO
2
nanospheres fused to plasmonic nanojunctions. Drastic improvements in Raman efficiencies are consistently achieved, with (single-wavelength) emissions reaching 10
7
counts⋅mW
−1
⋅s
−1
and 5 × 10
5
counts∙mW
−1
∙s
−1
∙molecule
−1
, for enhancement factors >10
11
. We demonstrate that such high efficiencies indeed enable tracking of single gold atoms and molecules with 17-µs time resolution, more than a thousandfold improvement over conventional high-performance plasmonic devices. Moreover, the obtained (integrated) megahertz count rates rival (even exceed) those of luminescent sources such as single-dye molecules and quantum dots, without bleaching or blinking.
E2F1 sumoylation as a protective cellular mechanism in oxidative stress response
Authors: Graves Joshua D. , Lee Yu-Ju , Liu Kang , Li Gang , Lin Fang-Tsyr , Lin Weei-Chin
Published: June 2020

Significance

Cells need to cope with oxidative stress caused by oxygen free radicals from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. We identify a role for E2F1 to halt cell cycle progression for cell survival upon oxidative stress. Oxidative stress induces sumoylation of E2F1, primarily at lysine 266, which specifically modulates E2F1 transcriptional activity to enhance cell cycle arrest for cell survival. Furthermore, we identify SENP3 as an E2F1-interacting partner and a desumoylating enzyme for E2F1. Oxidative stress inhibits the interaction between E2F1 and SENP3, and leads to accumulation of sumoylated E2F1. These data demonstrate that sumoylation of E2F1 is important for cell cycle arrest to provide cells the opportunity to cope with oxidative stress and survive.
Temporal dynamics of sitting behavior at work
Authors: ten Broeke Pam , Olthof Merlijn , Beckers Debby G. J. , Hopkins Nicola D. , Graves Lee E. F. , Carter Sophie E. , Cochrane Madeleine , Gavin David , Morris Abigail S. , Lichtwarck-Aschoff Anna , Geurts Sabine A. E. , Thijssen Dick H. J. , Bijleveld Erik
Published: June 2020

Sitting for prolonged periods of time impairs people’s health. Prior research has mainly investigated sitting behavior on an aggregate level, for example, by analyzing total sitting time per day. By contrast, taking a dynamic approach, here we conceptualize sitting behavior as a continuous chain of sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit transitions. We use multilevel time-to-event analysis to analyze the timing of these transitions. We analyze ∼30,000 objectively measured posture transitions from 156 people during work time. Results indicate that the temporal dynamics of sit-to-stand transitions differ from stand-to-sit transitions, and that people are quicker to switch postures later in the workday, and quicker to stand up after having been more active in the recent hours. We found no evidence for associations with physical fitness. Altogether, these findings provide insights into the origins of people’s stand-up and sit-down decisions, show that sitting behavior is fundamentally different from exercise behavior, and provide pointers for the development of interventions.
Plastocyanin is the long-range electron carrier between photosystem II and photosystem I in plants
Authors: Höhner Ricarda , Pribil Mathias , Herbstová Miroslava , Lopez Laura Susanna , Kunz Hans-Henning , Li Meng , Wood Magnus , Svoboda Vaclav , Puthiyaveetil Sujith , Leister Dario , Kirchhoff Helmut
Published: June 2020

In photosynthetic electron transport, large multiprotein complexes are connected by small diffusible electron carriers, the mobility of which is challenged by macromolecular crowding. For thylakoid membranes of higher plants, a long-standing question has been which of the two mobile electron carriers, plastoquinone or plastocyanin, mediates electron transport from stacked grana thylakoids where photosystem II (PSII) is localized to distant unstacked regions of the thylakoids that harbor PSI. Here, we confirm that plastocyanin is the long-range electron carrier by employing mutants with different grana diameters. Furthermore, our results explain why higher plants have a narrow range of grana diameters since a larger diffusion distance for plastocyanin would jeopardize the efficiency of electron transport. In the light of recent findings that the lumen of thylakoids, which forms the diffusion space of plastocyanin, undergoes dynamic swelling/shrinkage, this study demonstrates that plastocyanin diffusion is a crucial regulatory element of plant photosynthetic electron transport.
The142Nd/144Nd variations in mantle-derived rocks provide constraints on the stirring rate of the mantle from the Hadean to the present
Authors: Hyung Eugenia , Jacobsen Stein B.
Published: June 2020

Early silicate differentiation events for the terrestrial planets can be traced with the short-lived146Sm-142Nd system (∼100-My half-life). Resulting early Earth-produced142Nd/144Nd variations are an excellent tracer of the rate of mantle mixing and thus a potential tracer of plate tectonics through time. Evidence for early silicate differentiation in the Hadean (4.6 to 4.0 Ga) has been provided by142Nd/144Nd measurements of rocks that show both higher and lower (±20 ppm) values than the present-day mantle, demonstrating major silicate Earth differentiation within the first 100 My of solar system formation. We have obtained an external 2σ uncertainty at 1.7 ppm for142Nd/144Nd measurements to constrain its homogeneity/heterogeneity in the mantle for the last 2 Ga. We report that most modern-day mid-ocean ridge basalt and ocean island basalt samples as well as continental crustal rocks going back to 2 Ga are within 1.7 ppm of the average Earth142Nd/144Nd value. Considering mafic and ultramafic compositions, we use a mantle-mixing model to show that this trend is consistent with a mantle stirring time of about 400 My since the early Hadean. Such a fast mantle stirring rate supports the notion that Earth’s thermal and chemical evolution is likely to have been largely regulated by plate tectonics for most of its history. Some young rocks have142Nd/144Nd signatures marginally resolved (∼3 ppm), suggesting that the entire mantle is not equally well homogenized and that some silicate mantle signatures from an early differentiated mantle (>4.1 Ga ago) are preserved in the modern mantle.
Split coordination in English
Authors: Taylor Ann , Pintzuk Susan
Published: June 2020

In this article we provide a practical demonstration of how syntactically annotated corpora (treebanks), particularly the English
Historical Parsed Corpora Series, can be used to investigate research questions with a diachronic depth and synchronic breadth
that would not otherwise be possible. The phenomenon under investigation is split coordination, in which two parts of a conjoined
constituent appear separated in the clause (e.g., and this is where my aunt lives and my
uncle
). It affects every type of coordinated constituent (subject/object DPs, predicate and attributive ADJPs,
ADVPs, PPs and DP objects of P) in Old English (OE); and it, or a superficially similar construction, occurs continuously
throughout the attested period from approximately 800 to the present day. Despite its synchronic range and diachronic persistence,
split coordination has received surprisingly little attention in the diachronic literature, with the exception of Perez Lorido’s (2009) limited study of split subjects in eight OE texts. Its modern
counterpart is most frequently analysed as Bare Argument Ellipsis (BAE). Although the OE and Present-Day English constructions
appear superficially similar, we show that not all of the OE data is amenable to a BAE analysis. We bring to bear different types
of evidence (structural, discourse/performance effects, rate of change, etc.) to argue that split coordination in fact represents
two different constructions, one of which remains stable over time while the other is lost in the post-Middle English
period.
Non-configurationality in diachrony
Authors: Ponti Edoardo Maria , Luraghi Silvia
Published: June 2020

Non-configurationality is a linguistic property associated with free word order, discontinuous constituents, including NPs, and
null anaphora of referential arguments. Quantitative metrics, based both on local networks (syntactic trees and word order within
sentences) and on global networks (incorporating the relations within a whole treebank into a shared graph), can reveal
correlations among these features. Using treebanks we focus on diachronic varieties of Ancient Greek and Latin, in which
non-configurationality tapered off over time, leading to the largely configurational nature of the Romance languages and of Modern
Greek. A property of global networks (density of their spectra around zero eigenvalues) measuring the regularity in word order is
shown to be strengthened from classical to late varieties. Discontinuous NPs are traced by counting the words creating
non-projectivity in dependency trees: these drop dramatically in late varieties. Finally, developments in the use of null
referential direct objects are gauged by assessing the percentage of third-person personal pronouns among verb objects. All three
features turn out to change over time due to the decay of non-configurationality. Evaluation of the strength of their pairwise
correlation shows that null direct objects and discontinuous NPs are deeply intertwined.
Spoken Latin behind written texts
Authors: Korkiakangas Timo
Published: June 2020

This study uses treebanking to investigate how spoken language infiltrated legal Latin in early medieval Italy. The documents used
are always formulaic, but they also always contain a ‘free’ part where the case in question is described in free prose. This paper
uses this difference to measure how ten linguistic features, representative of the evolution that took place between Classical and
Late Latin, are distributed between the formulaic and free parts. Some variants are attested equally often in both parts of the
documents, while perceptually or conceptually salient variants appear to be preserved in their conservative form mainly in the
formulaic parts.
The continuum of identities in immigrant students’ narratives in Greece
Authors: Archakis Argiris
Published: June 2020

Our study draws on the interaction between the micro-level of individual discursive choices and the macro-level of discourses. Having at our disposal narratives by immigrant students in Greece, we highlight the continuum of identities observed. For the investigation of immigrant students’ identity construction in their narratives, we mainly employ an enriched version of Bamberg’s model (1997) on narrative analysis. This model includes the micro-levels of narrative world and narrative interaction in the context of which narrators position themselves towards the discourses of the macro-level – in our data, towards the discourse of Greek national homogenization. We distinguish among three types of identities forming a continuum from legitimization to resistance with in between hybrid stages. Our analysis shows that, despite the catalytic effect of the Greek national homogenizing discourse on the construction of immigrant students’ identities, some students find ways to resist it.
Establishment of a cell-free translation system from rice callus extracts
Authors: Suzuki Kakeru , Inoue Haruka , Matsuoka Satoshi , Tero Ryugo , Hirano-Iwata Ayumi , Tozawa Yuzuru
Published: June 2020

Eukaryotic in vitro translation systems require large numbers of protein and RNA components and thereby rely on the use of cell extracts. Here we established a new in vitro translation system based on rice callus extract (RCE). We confirmed that RCE maintains its initial activity even after five freeze-thaw cycles and that the optimum temperature for translation is around 20°C. We demonstrated that the RCE system allows the synthesis of hERG, a large membrane protein, in the presence of liposomes. We also showed that the introduction of a bicistronic mRNA based on 2A peptide to RCE allowed the production of two distinct proteins from a single mRNA. Our new method thus facilitates laboratory-scale production of cell extracts, making it a useful tool for the in vitro synthesis of proteins for biochemical studies.
Intrinsic operators for the translationally-invariant many-body problem
Authors: Caprio Mark A , McCoy Anna E , Fasano Patrick J
Published: June 2020

The need to enforce fermionic antisymmetry in the nuclear many-body problem commonly requires use of single-particle coordinates, defined relative to some fixed origin. To obtain physical operators which nonetheless act on the nuclear many-body system in a Galilean-invariant fashion, thereby avoiding spurious center-of-mass contributions to observables, it is necessary to express these operators with respect to the translational intrinsic frame. Several commonly-encountered operators in nuclear many-body calculations, including the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole operators (in the impulse approximation) and generators of U(3) and

Sp

(

3
,
R

)

symmetry groups, are bilinear in the coordinates and momenta of the nucleons and, when expressed in intrinsic form, become two-body operators. To work with such operators in a second-quantized many-body calculation, it is necessary to relate three distinct forms: the defining intrinsic-frame expression, an explicitly two-body expression in terms of two-particle relative coordinates, and a decomposition into one-body and separable two-body parts. We establish the relations between these forms, for general (non-scalar and non-isoscalar) operators bilinear in coordinates and momenta.