bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing Charitable Fundraising Schemes: Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment and a Structural Model
Authors: Huck Steffen , Rasul Imran , Shephard Andrew
Published: April 2015

We present evidence from a natural field experiment and structural model to shed light on the efficacy of alternative fundraising schemes. In conjunction with the Bavarian State Opera, we mailed 25,000 opera attendees a letter describing a charitable fundraising project organized by the opera house. Recipients were randomly assigned to treatments designed to explore responses to fundraising schemes varying in: the presence of a lead donor; and how individual donations would be matched using the lead donation. The structural model estimates extensive and intensive margin responses, and is then utilized to predict giving behavior in counterfactual fundraising schemes. (JEL C93, D64, L31, L82)
The Unintended Consequences of Countermarketing Strategies: How Particular Antismoking Measures May Shift Consumers to More Dangerous Cigarettes
Authors: Wang Yanwen , Lewis Michael , Singh Vishal
Published: April 2015

Countermarketing, or efforts to reduce consumption of certain products, has become common in categories such as tobacco, junk food, fossil fuels, and furs. Countermarketing has a particularly long history in the tobacco industry. Efforts to reduce smoking have included excise taxes that increase the cost of consumption, smoke-free restrictions that make consumption less convenient, and antismoking advertising campaigns that highlight the dangers of tobacco use. This article presents an analysis of the relative effectiveness of these different strategies. We find that cigarette excise taxes are the most effective tool for reducing overall cigarette sales, followed by antismoking advertising. Smoke-free restrictions are not found to have a significant effect on cigarette sales. We also investigate how these various policy tools induce product substitution. This issue is of considerable importance because some countermarketing techniques may potentially shift consumers to more dangerous, higher nicotine and tar cigarettes. Specifically, we find that excise taxes levied on a per pack basis rather than based on nicotine levels often shift consumers to more dangerous products.
History taking for safe contraceptive use
Authors: Kraszewski Sarah
Published: April 2015

Effective history taking is essential to ensuring women are prescribed contraception that is safe, effective and satisfactory. Sarah Kraszewski discusses the key points involved in successful history taking
The occupation of art museum educator in the time of Occupy Museums
Authors: Kalin Nadine M.
Published: April 2015

This article considers the occupation of art museum educator in the time of Occupy Museums (OM). I maintain these two different forms of occupations – the job of educator as occupation within art museums and OM as an offshoot of the Occupy Wall Street (OWS) protests as occupation – are both related and at odds with one another in the context of the art museum under neo-liberal managerialism. The working lives of art museum educators are morphing into occupations within art institutions that employ populist veiling tactics as cover for labour abuse in fulfilling their missions. OM reveals contradictions inherent to a museum system working hard to normalize such economic injustices, with a particular focus on the workers associated with these institutions. Current trends in art museum education and features of OM are analysed through neo-liberalist and horizontalist ideologies, bringing to light similar anti-hierarchical motivations, aiming for dissimilar ends. The article closes with a call for a return to modified forms of verticality in institutions based on cultures of mutual support instead of capitalism alone.
The history of student radio in Poland
Authors: Doliwa Urszula
Published: April 2015

The earliest student radio stations in Poland were set up in the early 1950s. They broadcast as closed-circuit stations in student hostels and were accessible only by inhabitants of the campus. The level of freedom of speech at such stations was higher than in other types of media, not only because of special concessions with reference to students, but also because of a large number of such initiatives in Poland that were difficult to control. This type of student broadcasting lost a significant part of its audience in the early 1990s because of the development of the commercial radio sector. However, at the same time new possibilities for student broadcasting emerged. The Act on Radio and Television Broadcasting in 1992 introduced a new way of transmitting the signal – on air, with a licence. Contemporary student radio stations can be divided into two main groups: licensed and non-licensed (closed-circuit and Internet streaming). Between these two groups there are significant differences concerning organizational, financial and management issues, as well as the social functions they perform. Today, student radio is one of few mediums that broadcast spoken word programming and alternative music, as well as promoting participation, dialogue and marginalized voices.
Campus frequencies: ‘Alternativeness’ and Canadian campus radio
Authors: Fauteux Brian
Published: April 2015

Campus radio falls under the ‘community’ sector of Canada’s broadcasting system alongside the public and commercial sectors. Campus radio evokes a notion of ‘alternativeness’ in order to indicate its role as a sector rooted in a local community and to define its programming as distinct from other stations. This article uses Underground Sounds, a campus radio show broadcast by McGill University’s CKUT-FM, to explore the construction of ‘alternativeness’ in campus radio programming. This ten-week analysis of Underground Sounds took place in early 2008 and focuses on the artists and songs featured, the interviews conducted by the show’s host and on-air discussion of the show’s role in relation to the Montreal music scene. The findings highlight how ‘alternativeness’ is conveyed but also demonstrate its limitations and boundaries. For instance, new albums and upcoming concert dates factor into setting the limits of ‘alternativeness’, as being of current relevance significantly increases the chances that an artist is programmed. However, programmed artists are predominately represented by independent labels and are often local bands without much financial support. The goal of this article is to consider how ‘alternativeness’ might be conceptualized in relation to campus radio and the programming of ‘local’ and ‘independent’ music.
‘College radio’: The development of a trope in US student broadcasting
Authors: Rubin Nick
Published: April 2015

In the United States, the term ‘college radio’ invokes a specific, influential subset of student radio. In the early 1980s, ‘college radio’ appeared in popular discourse to refer to non-profit student stations which championed music marginalized by mainstream, commercial radio. College radio programming enacted a critique of the music industry’s political economy, reflecting participation in the late 1970s and early 1980s Do-It-Yourself (DIY) rock underground, an association of independent labels; independent record stores; small clubs; ‘zines; and those college stations which embraced punk and its offshoots. This subcultural identification carried tensions, namely, college stations functioned within the music industry they often sought to critique. As college radio communities negotiated this terrain, they helped shape ‘alternative’ and ‘indie’ culture – loosely defined but emblematic subsets of late twentieth-century US popular culture. Here, I examine the development and deployment of the ‘college radio’ signifier in the US public sphere, review the ­ existing academic literature on the sector and suggest avenues of future research.
The Winx Club phenomenon in the global animation landscape
Authors: Sigismondi Paolo
Published: April 2015

This article analyses the global rise of the Italian animated franchise the Winx Club (2004–) within the flows and contra-flows of entertainment content crossing the globe. A brain child of the entrepreneur Iginio Straffi, the Winx Club started out as a television series broadcasted in the Italian media landscape, and became a successful global entertainment franchise, distributed and licensed all over the world. The article situates this phenomenon in the evolving body of literature and scholarly conversations on media targeting children, their dynamics, industry practices, consequences and ramifications. In particular, the Winx Club appears to blend into the endless flow of images crossing national and cultural borders without providing images and specific cultural references drawn from the rich Italian cultural heritage, but trying instead to capture and fulfil the demand for entertainment of international children audiences proposing storylines not rooted in any specific culture, while being stylistically inspired by Japanese anime. This feature, combined with the application of successful business models practised for decades by the global leaders in the media industry, the US media conglomerates, appears to reveal the key to explicate the roots of the success of the Winx Club phenomenon in the competitive global media landscape targeting kids.
Comedy Neapolitan style: The cinema of Massimo Troisi
Authors: Puca Andrea
Published: April 2015

Neapolitan actor and director Massimo Troisi left behind an impressive body of work before his untimely death. Troisi’s final performance in Michael Radford’s Il Postino/The Postman (1994) was internationally acclaimed and earned him a Best Actor nomination at the 1996 Academy Awards. Still, Troisi’s films have received almost no attention from American film scholars and academics. The following article is thus an attempt to revive Troisi’s place in film history. Tracing the numerous influences presented in his films – from Commedia dell’Arte to the impact of Neapolitan actors Totò and Eduardo De Filippo – the article first contextualizes Troisi’s abundant, idiosyncratic use of dialect and gesture. This is followed by an examination of the impact of commedia all’italiana on the ideological orientation expressed by Troisi’s films. Ultimately, the concept of the comic ‘mask’ is used to define the uniquely Neapolitan, self-conscious personality Troisi crafted for his work as an actor and director.
Film Reviews
Authors: Nerenberg Ellen , Cristiano Anthony
Published: April 2015

Review of student films from the Scuola Nazionale and the University of Bologna, 2013

Experimentations in modern media into the twenty-first century and Bongiò’s Cilindro Raku: Numera Una and Backstage (Formazione Radial, 1AmuLtimediA 2007 – 10:34, and 14:30) – Bongiò; NUMERA Seconda and Backstage (1AmuLtimediA 2007 – HD 14:38, and 12:38) – Marcello Bongiò
Book Reviews
Authors: Marcus Millicent , Bondanella Peter , Orsitto Fulvio , Moura Pedro , Brown Shane , Deng MaoHui
Published: April 2015

Federico Fellini: Painting in Film, Painting on Film, Hava Aldouby (2013) Toronto: The University of Toronto Press, 186 pp., ISBN: 9781442613270, p/bk, $29.95

Sergio Leone: Il cinema come favola politica, Christian Uva (2013) Rome: Edizioni fondazione ente dello spettacolo, 220 pp., ISBN: 9788885095694, p/bk, €12.90

The Transatlantic Gaze. Italian Cinema, American Film, Mary Ann McDonald Carolan (2014) 1st ed., Albany: State University of New York, 172 pp., ISBN: 9781438450254, h/bk, $75.00

The Dragon and the Dazzle: Models, Strategies, and Identities of Japanese Imagination. A European Perspective, Marco Pellitteri (2012) Latina: Tunué, 670 pp., ISBN: 978889613894, p/bk, € 28.00

Masculinity and Italian Cinema. Sexual Politics, Social Conflict and Male Crisis in the 1970s, Sergio Rigoletto (2014) Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 165 pp., ISBN: 9780748654543, h/bk, £65.00

Inspiring Fellini: Literary Collaborations behind the Scenes, Federico Pacchioni (2014) Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 256 pp., ISBN: 9781442612921, p/bk, $23.07
The skeletal remains from Babacan Village early Iron Age (Muradiye, Van, Turkey)
Authors: Yilmaz Hakan
Published: April 2015

Human skeletal remains were found from tomb dated to Early Iron Age in the Babacan Village in which is a town in the district of Muradiye (18km), Van province (105km), Turkey. Human bones were unearthed from tomb during an illegal excavation in the eastern province of Van’s Muradiye Babacan Village district. The bones were examined for age, sex and also presence of pathological. Furthermore, skeletal measurements and indices were calculated. A minimum of five individuals was defined from tomb dated to Early Iron Age. Skeletal remains in Babacan Village are composed of at least five individuals, including adult of both sexes (four male, one female). The average age of five individuals were calculated as > 30 years. This age is similar to other Early Iron Age populations Van area. Assessing the paleopathological lesions were not observed on the skeletal remains Babacan Village burials. Moreover, another paleopathological observation was not found on the human bones, including trauma.
Performance criteria for combined uncertainty budget in the implementation of metrological traceability
Authors: Braga Federica , Infusino Ilenia , Panteghini Mauro
Published: April 2015

The measurement uncertainty budget should combine the uncertainty of higher order references, the uncertainty of commercial system calibration, the system imprecision and individual laboratory performance in terms of variability. Here we recommend that no more than one third of the total uncertainty budget, established by appropriate analytical performance specifications, is consumed by the uncertainty of references and approximately 50% of the total budget consumed by the manufacturer’s calibration and value transfer protocol. The remaining 50% should be available for the commercial system imprecision (including the batch to batch variation of the reagents) and individual laboratory performance in order to fulfil the uncertainty goal. For commercial systems to work properly, in vitro diagnostics (IVD) manufacturers will need to take more responsibility and ensure the traceability of the combination of platform, reagents, calibrators and control materials for system alignment verification that only as such (as a whole) are certified (“CE marked”) by the manufacturer itself in terms of traceability to the selected reference measurement system. Particularly, IVD manufacturers should report the combined (expanded) uncertainty associated with their calibrators when used in conjunction with other components of their analytical system (platform and reagents). This is more than what they are currently providing as traceability and uncertainty information.
Developing law students’ communicative-linguistic competence: Analysis of eight Spanish legal textbooks from a sociopragmatic perspective
Authors: Ramos Joseba Ezeiza
Published: April 2015

This article presents a study carried out on eight Spanish legal textbooks in order to draw up an inventory of educational resources available to support the development of law students’ communicative competence, taking into account the law degree curricula at Spanish universities (Ezeiza Ramos forthcoming a, forthcoming b). The analysis was carried out by using a sociopragmatic approach to teaching language with specific purposes (Bhatia 2002a, 2002b, 2004, 2008, 2010), which postulates that the acquisition of specialist communicative competence requires a tactical space in which obtaining discursive knowledge in its double (social and textual) dimension and learning about the subject itself are combined, thus taking into account the nature of relevant professional practice itself. Applied in the legal sciences area, this perspective takes the form of a pedagogical model based on three main axes (Candlin & Bhatia 1998, quoted in Bhatia et al. 2004): a) practice contexts; b) text genres; and c) strategic skills. From this starting point, I analysed: a) the learning and language use contexts offered in the textbooks studied; b) the text genres which educational materials are based on; and c) the dimensions of competence development (
Nigerian University Lecturers as Symbolic Icons
Authors: Ekundayo Steve Bode O.
Published: April 2015

This paper undertakes a semiotic analysis of Nigerian university lecturers and situates them as symbolic icons of socio-educational paradox and irony. It is based on interviews, secondary materials, the Internet and historical study, i.e. observation and recording of socio-educational events and attitudes of Nigerians and lecturers from the late 1980s to 2013. The paper shows that the Nigerian English coinage ‘Mr. Lecturer’ invokes several images in the minds of Nigerians: lecturers as purveyors of knowledge, habitual striking workers, sexual harassers, facilitators/manipulators of admissions, victimizers of students, makers and beneficiaries of easy money, promotions and other luxuries. The fact that these assumptions and beliefs are not always true and applicable in all cases presents lecturers as workers with mistaken identities. It is proposed that the Nigerian government at various levels, lecturers and all Nigerians should change their attitudes to university education and conditions of service, teaching and learning in Nigerian universities.
Model Choice Using the Deviance Information Criterion for Latent Conditional Individual-Level Models of Infectious Disease Spread
Authors: Deeth Lorna E. , Deardon Rob , Gillis Daniel J.
Published: April 2015

Individual-level models (ILMs) are a class of complex, statistical models that are often fitted within a Bayesian framework, and which can be suitable for modeling infectious disease spread. The deviance information criterion (DIC) is a model comparison tool that is appropriate for complex, Bayesian models, and since its development a number of variants have been proposed, including those for its application to missing data models. Here, we assessed five variants of the DIC and their application to ILMs, in particular a class of infectious disease models known as latent conditional LC-ILMs, which depend on a potentially unknown latent grouping variable for each individual in the population. The effectiveness of the traditionally defined DIC was compared to alternative DIC definitions through a simulation study, to assess which is most applicable for this class of models. Epidemic data was generated under an LC-ILM, to which both a spatial ILM (SILM) and the LC-ILM were fitted. Each variant of the DIC was then calculated for every fitted model, and the DIC values obtained for the LC-ILM were compared to those from the SILM. The results of the simulation study indicate that the DIC can be effective for model comparison within complex Bayesian models; however, the degree to which it is effective is dependent upon the variant of the DIC used and the amount of available information on the latent grouping variable.
Synthesis and crystal structure of a new 2D supramolecular Cd(II) complex with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone ligand
Authors: Zhang Li-Ping , Deng Shu-E , Wang Xue-Dong
Published: April 2015

A new Cd(II) complex, [Cd(PMBP)
Myśl społeczna Hugo Cháveza
Authors: Barcik Krzysztof
Published: April 2015

ABSTRAKT

Zmarły 5 marca 2013 roku prezydent Wenezueli Hugo Chávez pozostawił po sobie autorską myśl polityczną – boliwarianizm, której realizacja w stopniu znaczącym odmieniła kształt społeczeństwa wenezuelskiego. Wszystkie zmiany społeczne w epoce Cháveza przeprowadzane były w duchu socjalizmu, któremu prezydent Wenezueli usiłował nadać własną, autorską interpretację. Całość zabiegów administracji centralnej posiadała głębokie uzasadnienie ideologiczne, toteż stanowi doskonałe pole do zbadania wpływu realizacji konkretnej doktryny politycznej na życie poszczególnych obywateli.

Badania wskazują zarówno na pozytywne, jak i negatywne aspekty realizacji polityki społecznej w duchu chavizmu. Z jednej strony, w efekcie przemian, najbiedniejszym autentycznie zaczęło żyć się lepiej. Z drugiej jednak strony Wenezuela w 2014 roku znalazła się w głębokiej recesji − w kraju szalała inflacja, w sklepach brakowało podstawowych dóbr.
Edukacja społeczno-moralna młodzieży a nauczanie etyki
Authors: Steć Małgorzata
Published: April 2015

ABSTRAKT

Artykuł jest próbą wykazania, że w ramach przedmiotu etyka kreowane są w największym stopniu pozytywne doświadczenia edukacyjne, mające wpływ na rozwój społeczno-moralny młodzieży. Podczas lekcji etyki, prowadzonych we właściwym paradygmacie (progresywizm, podejście poznawczo-rozwojowe, idea mentoringu), kształtowane są cechy, postawy i kompetencje młodzieży przekładające się na osobowy rozwój. Wśród umiejętności i cech kształtowanych podczas lekcji etyki wyróżnić można: świadomość własnej tożsamości, umiejętność budowania relacji dialogicznej, kompetencję komunikacyjną, myślenie krytyczne oraz odwagę wyboru zgodnych z „Ja” wartości moralnych. Otwartość postawy nauczyciela etyki, który przyjmuje rolę mentora, a więc przewodnika i doradcy osobistego, może przełożyć się na poprawę jakości wychowania do wartości w polskich szkołach.
“Fire Bad, Water Good”
Authors: Frentz Thomas S.
Published: April 2015

This is the story of my three-year odyssey trying to diagnose and treat an ever-increasing neck pain. It begins with a mistake, moves through a year in a pain management clinic, tells of a cancer scare, chronicles visits with a world-renowned neurosurgeon who advises me against having done what he does, and concludes with a rheumatologist who gives me both good advice and some relief. I then reflect on some lessons I learned along the way.
Profound Hypothermic Cardiac Arrest Treated Successfully Using Minimally Invasive Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Case Report
Authors: Janas Robert , Jutley Rajwinder Singh , Clinton Sean , Sarkar Pradip K.
Published: April 2015

Background. Hypothermia is defined as a core temperature of less than 35�C. The decision to resuscitate a hypothermic patient can be difficult, as consideration must be given to whether the patient died before the cooling process. The modality for rewarming must also be considered.

Case Report. A severely hypothermic 54-year-old man with a core temperature of 21�C was successfully rewarmed using cardiopulmonary bypass via the femoro-femoral route. The patient made a full neurological recovery.

Conclusion. Cardiopulmonary bypass provides excellent circulatory support for profound hypothermia and allows rapid core rewarming. The femoro-femoral approach is the preferred method for this scenario.
Modern management of dental decay in children and adolescents - a review
Authors: Muntean Alexandrina , Mesaros Anca Stefania , Festila Dana , Mesaros Michaela
Published: April 2015

Health is a right that requires responsible individual actions. Oral health corresponds to an important part of general health, even if for a large majority of people healthy teeth are equal with beautiful teeth. For children and adolescents ”having an attractive smile” is synonymous with social acceptance and success. Dental decay has a high incidence in children in our country and progress in decay prevention, diagnosis and treatment is not reflected in children and adolescents’ oral health. It is established by studies conducted by dentists and psychologists that dental decay can affect the quality of life by  engendering specific eating behaviors, particular ways of speech or smile and unfortunately pain.The aim of this article is to emphasize the modern approach of dental decay in line with principles of non-invasive strategies. An important element to be considered - prophylactic methods - must be included in every treatment plan, in order to control individual caries risk. The time invested in prevention during childhood represents a real benefit for the future adult’s oral health. Many a dental problems can be avoided if dental decay management relies on the link between medical science and every day practice.
Development and optimization of quercetin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles by experimental design
Authors: Tefas Lucia Ruxandra , Tomuță Ioan , Achim Marcela , Vlase Laurian
Published: April 2015

Background and aims: Quercetin is a flavonoid with good antioxidant activity, and exhibits various important pharmacological effects. The aim of the present work was to study the influence of formulation factors on the physicochemical properties of quercetin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles in order to optimize the formulation.Materials and methods: The nanoparticles were prepared by the nanoprecipitation method. A 3-factor, 3-level Box-Behnken design was employed in this study considering poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) concentration, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) concentration and the stirring speed as independent variables. The responses were particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency.Results: The PLGA concentration seemed to be the most important factor influencing quercetin-nanoparticle characteristics. Increasing PLGA concentration led to an increase in particle size, as well as encapsulation efficiency. On the other hand, it exhibited a negative influence on the polydispersity index and zeta potential. The PVA concentration and the stirring speed had only a slight influence on particle size and polydispersity index. However, PVA concentration had an important negative effect on the encapsulation efficiency. Based on the results obtained, an optimized formulation was prepared, and the experimental values were comparable to the predicted ones.Conclusions: The overall results indicated that PLGA concentration was the main factor influencing particle size, while entrapment efficiency was predominantly affected by the PVA concentration.
State of the art in the diagnosis and management of interstitial lung disease
Authors: Buzan Maria T. A. , Pop Carmen Monica
Published: April 2015

The interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a diverse group of disorders characterized by a varying combination of inflammation and fibrosis of the pulmonary parenchyma. Treatment and prognosis of ILD typically depend on the underlying ILD subtype, highlighting the importance of accurate classification and diagnosis. Besides a thorough history and clinical examination, the protocol should include a 6-minute walk test, chest radiography, high-resolution computed tomography, biochemical analysis, pulmonary function tests, blood gas analysis, bronchoalveolar lavage, and, when necessary, a lung biopsy. The final diagnosis of ILD entities requires dynamic interaction between clinicians, radiologists and pathologists to reach a clinico-radiologic-pathologic diagnosis, the gold standard no longer being the histology but rather a multidisciplinary approach.
Development of Rechargeable Lithium-Bromine Batteries with Lithium Ion Conducting Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Takemoto Koshin , Yamada Hirotoshi
Published: April 2015

Electrochemical performances of a prototype Lithium-Bromine battery (LBB) employing a solid electrolyte was investigated. It showed the discharge capacity of c.a. 147 mAh/(g-LiBr) for the first cycle, which decreased with repeating charge/discharge cycles. The capacity fading was mainly due to increase of the interfacial resistance between an aqueous active material solution and a solid electrolyte. From the results of symmetric cells and structural analysis of the surface of the solid electrolyte immersed in Br2 solutions, it was suggested that a Li+-depletion layer was formed on the surface of the solid electrolyte by contact with bromine.
Chiral Ligand-Protected Bimetallic Nanoclusters: How does the Metal Core Configuration Influence the Nanocluster’s Chiroptical Responses?
Authors: Yao Hiroshi
Published: April 2015

We here present electronic structures and chiroptical responses of gold-based bimetallic nanoclusters protected by chiral thiolate ligand, glutathione (GSH), and compare them with those of monometallic counterparts. The nanoclusters examined are AuPd and AuAg bimetallic systems. The effect of Pd or Ag doping on the chiroptical responses of optically active Au nanoclusters as well as the importance of the bimetallic core configurations are discussed. Briefly, we find that GS-protected AuPd or AuAg nanoclusters exhibit quite different Cotton effects from those of the monometallic nanoclusters in metal-based electronic transition regions. In the AuPd system, all bimetallic nanoclusters exhibit featureless absorption profiles, but their circular dichroism (CD) signals are structured, offering a greater advantage in detecting a foreign atom doping in the nanocluster system. In the AuAg system, the nanocluster compounds exhibit relatively weaker CD responses than those of the corresponding Au compounds. This CD decrease can be explained in terms of the increased geometrical isomers that are formed by statistical distribution of Ag heteroatoms in the nanocluster, since an increased number of possible configurations gives an average in the CD response with positive and negative bands of different optical isomers.
Dimitris Xygalatas, The Burning Saints: Cognition and Culture in the Fire- Walking Rituals of the Anastenaria (London: Routledge, 2012), 256pp. ISBN: 978-1-84553-976-4. £65.00 (hbk).
Authors: Lane Justin E.
Published: April 2015

Dimitris Xygalatas, The Burning Saints: Cognition and Culture in the Fire- Walking Rituals of the Anastenaria (London: Routledge, 2012), 256pp. ISBN: 978-1-84553-976-4. £65.00 (hbk).
Clinical and hematological effects of hydroxyurea therapy in sickle cell patients: a single-center experience in Brazil
Authors: Silva-Pinto Ana Cristina , Angulo Ivan Lucena , Brunetta Denise Menezes , Neves Fabia Idalina Rodrigues , Bassi Sarah Cristina , Santis Gil Cunha De , Covas Dimas Tadeu
Published: April 2015

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common genetic disorder among people of African descent, affecting approximately 3,500 newborns each year in Brazil. Hydroxyurea (HU) is the only effective drug to treating patients with SCD, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality. The objective was to analyze the effects of HU on SCD patients at our institution. DESIGN AND SETTING Retrospective study conducted at a sickle cell centre in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS We analyzed clinical and laboratory data on 37 patients. The hematological parameters and clinical events that occurred during the year before and the first year of treatment with HU were analyzed. The mean dose of HU was 24.5 ± 5.5 mg/kg/day. RESULTS There were rises in three parameters: hemoglobin (8.3 g/dl to 9.0 g/dl, P = 0.0003), fetal hemoglobin (HbF) (2.6% to 19.8%, P < 0.0001) and mean cell volume MCV (89 to 105 fl, P = 0.001); and reductions in the numbers of leukocytes (10,050/µl to 5,700/µl, P < 0.0001), neutrophils (6,200/µl to 3,400/µl, P = 0.001), platelets (459,000/µl to 373,000/µl, P = 0.0002), painful crises (1.86 to 0.81, P = 0.0014), acute chest syndromes (0.35 to 0.08, P = 0.0045), infections (1.03 to 0.5, P = 0.047), hospitalizations (1.63 to 0.53, P = 0.0013) and transfusions (1.23 to 0.1, P = 0.0051). CONCLUSION The patients presented clinical and hematological improvements, with an increase in HbF and a reduction in the infection rate, which had not been addressed in most previous studies.
Trends in treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries of the knee in the public and private healthcare systems of Brazil
Authors: Astur Diego Costa , Batista Rodrigo Ferreira , Arliani Gustavo Goncalves , Cohen Moises
Published: April 2015

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Orthopedic surgery implies high costs for both public and private healthcare. The aim of this study was to better understand the differences between the public and private sectors regarding treatment of a damaged anterior cruciate ligament, which is a common knee injury. DESIGN AND SETTING Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted during the Brazilian Orthopedics Congress in Brasília. METHODS We applied questionnaires during the 2010 Brazilian Orthopedics Congress, with participation by 241 knee surgeons from 24 Brazilian states. This was followed by statistical analysis on the data that were obtained. RESULTS The orthopedic surgeons who were evaluated used different approaches and treatment options in different Brazilian states, comparing between the public and private systems. CONCLUSION Both in the public and in the private systems in Brazil, because of non-medical issues surrounding the treatment, the best medical decision is not always made. This may be harmful both to patients and to physicians.
Uso da análise de clusters como ferramenta de apoio à gestão no SUS
Authors: YoshimiTanaka Oswaldo , Drumond Júnior Marcos , Cristo Elier Broche , Spedo Sandra Maria , Pinto Nicanor Rodrigues da Silva
Published: April 2015

A institucionalização de ferramentas de avaliação de serviços de saúde é um desafio estratégico para o desenvolvimento do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O objetivo do estudo realizado foi explorar o potencial da análise de clusters (análise por conglomerados) enquanto ferramenta de apoio à gestão do SUS. São apresentadas e discutidas as etapas do processo de construção dos clusters aplicadas a uma realidade concreta, por meio da análise de serviços de saúde de tipo pronto atendimento (AMA), do município de São Paulo. A estratégia metodológica baseou-se na utilização de dados secundários para a construção de agrupamentos homogêneos, o que permite análise de múltiplas variáveis potencializando a interpretação da relação entre as mesmas. Os achados do estudo indicam que essa técnica tem potencialidade para ser utilizada por atores institucionais da gestão do SUS na avaliação e monitoramento de serviços de saúde, em municípios de grande porte ou em regiões de saúde.
O cuidado na atenção primária à saúde: preliminares de um estudo comparativo Brasil/Canadá
Authors: Faria Lina Rodrigues de , Alves Camila Aloísio
Published: April 2015

O texto aborda os processos de constituição e institucionalização da Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil e no Canadá; os pontos de interseção e de distanciamento entre os dois países; e a inserção profissional dos fisioterapeutas brasileiros e canadenses nas equipes multidisciplinares. A primeira parte deste estudo focaliza a atenção primária no Brasil, os caminhos e estratégias de reorientação do modelo assistencial e o papel que coube nesse modelo, de modo crescente, ao fisioterapeuta. Após situar o contexto nacional, o tópico seguinte trata da atenção primária à saúde no Canadá e da atuação deste profissional nas equipes primárias de saúde. No exercício absolutamente preliminar de contrastar as duas experiências nacionais, a brasileira e a canadense, foi utilizada a literatura nacional e estrangeira sobre a temática central, além de documentos e discussion papers. O texto procurou chamar a atenção para a necessidade e importância da participação de fisioterapeutas nas equipes multiprofissionais e as diferenças na atuação deste profissional tanto no Brasil quanto no Canadá. Desnecessário acrescentar que os autores intentaram não uma "análise" comparativa, mas, sim, uma breve exposição sobre constrastes e semelhanças nos rumos da atenção primária, ao longo da história mais recente desses dois países.
Questionário de diagnóstico compartilhado da atenção básica: equipes de Saúde da Família típicas x ampliadas
Authors: Quagliato Fábio Franchi , Netto Antonio Ruffino , Forster Aldaisa Cassanho
Published: April 2015

A adscrição de clientela, a relação entre a equipe de atenção básica com as especialidades, as atividades de promoção à saúde e condições de infraestrutura são fatores organizacionais necessários para a Estratégia de Saúde da Família contribuir para proporcionar o cuidado integral no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O objetivo deste artigo é comparar os resultados da aplicação do Questionário de Diagnóstico Compartilhado da Atenção Básica (QDCAB), no tocante aos quesitos referentes à integralidade, entre equipes de Saúde da Família típicas e ampliadas em um município paulista. O método e o QDCAB foram aplicados a equipes de Saúde da Família típicas e àquelas com especialistas das grandes áreas (equipes ampliadas), e a análise foi realizada utilizando o teste de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney, permitindo a comparação da distribuição das respostas entre os dois modelos de equipe. As equipes ampliadas estabelecem vínculo de forma mais coletiva (0,0026), porém, não houve diferença nos resultados dos esforços realizados nesse sentido entre os dois modelos de equipe (0,7227). As notas baixas atribuídas às questões relativas à relação da equipe com os especialistas, de uma forma geral, revelam as dificuldades para garantir a integralidade da atenção. As atividades de promoção à saúde receberam notas altas de ambos os modelos. A adequação da estrutura física do centro de saúde recebeu menores notas das equipes típicas (< 0,0001). A relação das equipes com os especialistas é um obstáculo para a garantia da integralidade e, para as equipes típicas, o excesso de demanda e as condições de infraestrutura também representam dificuldades.
Capacidade para o trabalho, sintomas osteomusculares e qualidade de vida entre agentes comunitários de saúde em Uberaba, Minas Gerais
Authors: Paula Ítalo Ribeiro , Marcacine Patricia Ribeiro , Castro Shamyr Sulyvan de , Walsh Isabel Aparecida Porcatti de
Published: April 2015

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade para o trabalho (CT), aspectos socioeconômicos, qualidade de vida (QV) e sintomas osteomusculares, bem como as associações entre estes em agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS) da cidade de Uberaba, Minas Gerais. Participaram da pesquisa 47 ACS (42 mulheres e 5 homens), com idade média de 37,26 12,74 anos, que responderam um questionário sociodemográfico, o Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares, o Questionário de Qualidade de Vida SF-36 e o Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho. A análise inferencial foi realizada com a utilização do teste de Mann-Whitney, teste de Kruskall Wallis e teste de correlação de Spearmann, com significância de 5%. Dos ACS entrevistados, 82,98% apresentaram sintomas osteomusculares nos últimos 7 dias e 93,62% nos últimos 12 meses. O domínio da QV mais comprometido foi a dor, seguido pela vitalidade, aspectos sociais, saúde mental, estado geral de saúde, aspectos emocionais, aspecto físico e capacidade funcional. A média da CT foi de 36,51±7,95. A comparação entre sexo e CT indicou que maior número de mulheres apresentou capacidade inadequada. Maior incidência de sintomas implicou capacidade inadequada. Quanto mais baixos os escores da QV, menor a CT.
Women in Paleontology in the United States 1840-1960
Authors: Aldrich Michele
Published: April 2015

Women such as Cecelia Beaux did many of the drawings used by early American paleontologists to illustrate their reports, especially those produced for state surveys. Sketching was taught by schools for girls (e.g., Troy Female Seminary) and drawing was considered an appropriate genteel skill which women could display without being considered unfeminine. Nineteenth-century women also collected fossils as a hobby; some turned them over to men for description, but by the end of the century a few women — Carlotta Maury ventured into print, either in collaboration with male colleagues or as sole authors. Paleontology was taught as part of geology courses at the early women's colleges, notably Mount Holyoke. The advent of micropaleontology was a boon for women. New sciences have often been more receptive to female practitioners than well established fields, and micropaleontology fits this pattern. Women micropaleontologists, among them Esther Applin and Alva Ellisor, were hired by oil companies, belying the stereotype of the petroleum industry as a male enterprise. Women paleontologists also have served throughout the 20th century as productive staff members in state surveys (Winifred McGlamery), the USGS (Julia Gardner), museums (Winifred Goldring), and college faculties (Mignon Talbot).
The Discovery of Diamonds in Siberia and Other Northern Regions: Explorational, Historical, and Personal Notes
Authors: Strnad Jiří (George)
Published: April 2015

Only four known diamond locations are near and north of the Arctic Circle. What is believed to be the oldest diamond find in this region was made in the gravels of the Pasvik River on the U.S.S.R.-Finland-Norway border. This was followed by the discovery of the northern fields of the Yakutian diamondiferous province in the U.S.S.R. Somerset Island in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and southwestern Greenland conclude this short list.

Geographically close to the Arctic but south of the Arctic Circle are the diamond locations on the shore of the Beloye More or White Sea and in the Timan Range (U.S.S.R.), western and eastern Alaska (U.S.A.), and in the Mackenzie Mountains (Canada). Farther south and partly in the Subarctic are locations in the Ural Mountains and Yakutia (U.S.S.R.), as well as in Labrador and Saskatchewan (Canada).

While the discoveries in Canada and Greenland belong to our times, the history of the others is hidden in ancient records. For the Yakutian fields, which are of major economic importance and among the world leaders in the production of gem quality diamonds, an ancient reference dating back to 1375 is presented here for the first time.
Norman L. Bowen (1887-1956), Mit Class of 1912, First Predoctoral Fellow of the Geophysical Laboratory
Authors: Yoder, Jr. H.
Published: April 2015

One of the great pioneers in experimental petrology, Norman Levi Bowen bridged geology and physical chemistry. Trained at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, where he received prizes in both mineralogy and chemistry, he then studied under Reginald A. Daly at MIT. On the advice of T. A. Jaggar and with the encouragement of C. H. Warren of MIT, he undertook an experimental thesis study on the nepheline-anorthite system at the Geophysical Laboratory on the suggestion of its director. A. L. Day. Bowen was the first Predoctoral Fellow of the Laboratory. The results were accepted by MIT as partial fulfillment of the Ph. D. degree in 1912, the third Ph. D. degree to be issued by their Department of Geology. By the end of 1912, Bowen had six field seasons and eight publications to his credit. Within the next three years he laid out the physico-chemical methodology for the solution of problems in igneous petrology in "The later stages of the evolution of the igneous rocks." The greatness of Norman Levi Bowen stems from his clear exposition of physicochemical principles and their application to major complex geological field problems.
Polish Geological Research in Svalbard
Authors: Birkenmajer Krzysztof
Published: April 2015

The Polish geological investigations started in the Svalbard archipelago in 1934. The most diversified stratigraphic, tectonic, sedimentological and palacontological work, along with detailed geological mapping, was carried out in the Hornsund area, south Spitsbergen, between 1957 and 1960, in connection with the Illrd International Geophysical Year and its prolongation (International Geophysical Co-operation). Between 1962 and 1970, some Polish geologists worked in Spitsbergen for the Norwegian Polar Institute. From 1974 onwards, the Polish geological investigations extended from southern to central and eastern Spitsbergen. In south Spitsbergen, at Hornsund, they are based at the Polish Scientific Station built already in 1957, and renovated in 1978. The paper presents a review of mainly pre-Quaternary (Proterozoic through Tertiary) geological, structuraltectonic, petrological, stratigraphic, palaeontologiesl and sedimentologtcal problems of Svalbard elaborated by the Polish geologists.
The Beginnings of Microscopic Petrography in the United States, 1870-1885
Authors: Geschwind Carl-Henry
Published: April 2015

In the 1860's and 70's, microscopic petrography flourished in Germany, where descriptions and classifications of rocks were highly valued for their own sake. American geologists, however, were more interested in stratigraphical correlations and had relatively little use for petrographical details. Thus, such Americans as George Hawes and Alexis Julien, who attempted to introduce the microscope for purely petrographical work in the early 1870's, had great difficulties in finding an audience. During the late 1870's, however, a number of American geologists-including federal geologists working amongst the volcanic rocks of the West, state geologists mapping in the Lake Superior region, and mining geologists examining the Comstock Lode and the Leadville district-came to appreciate the aid microscopic petrography could provide for stratigraphical correlations. This growing interest led to the hiring of a number of microscopic petrographers around 1880. These petrographers were trained in Germany, where they had imbibed the German passion for petrography for its own sake, but most of them adapted themselves to the American practice of using petrography for stratigraphy. Unlike many of their German counterparts, these American petrographers spent a substantial portion of their time in the field and combined mapping with microscopic examinations to solve stratigraphical problems. Thus, the different scientific cultures of Germany and the U.S. significantly affected the ways in which the petrographic microscope was used.
Charles Frederic Hartt (1840-1878): The Early Years
Authors: Brice William
Published: April 2015

Charles Frederic Hartt was born in Fredericton, New Brunswick, the son of Jarvis William Hartt, a local educator. However, the family moved to Wolfville, Nova Scotia, where young Hartt received his early education, first under the supervision of his father at the Horton Academy and later at Acadia College. Even at the age of 10 or 11, Hartt exhibited a great love for natural history. While a student at Acadia College Hartt's abilities came to the attention of J. William Dawson and under Dawson's guidance Hartt undertook a study of the geology of Nova Scotia. It is reported that Hartt was so excited by his subject that he explored the entire province on foot, from one end to the other. From this field work came Hartt's first paper in which the young geologist disagreed with the ideas of none other than Sir Roderick Murchison with regard to the source of gold in some Nova Scotia rocks. After Hartt's graduation from Acadia College in 1860, the family moved back to New Brunswick, this time to Saint John where his father started a secondary school with Charles as one of the instructors. But Charles was more interested in exploring the region than teaching, and one of his favorite locations was known as "Fern Ledges" on the shore of the Bay of Fundy. In this outcrop of what Dawson identified as Devonian shales (now known to be Pennsylvanian Age), Hartt discovered what were the oldest known insects of the time. This and his other work brought him to the attention of Louis Agassiz and led to an invitation to study at the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Massachusetts. Even after he went to study with Agassiz, Hartt continued to work in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia during the summers, culminating in the summer of 1864 when he was employed with George F. Matthew, Professors L. W. Bailey, and Dawson to do a geology survey of New Brunswick. Hartt left his homeland soon afterward and turned his geological prowess on Brazil, but only after he had learned his craft walking over the hills and valleys of the Atlantic Provinces.