bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thecis-regulatory effects of modern human-specific variants
Authors: Weiss Carly V. , Harshman Lana , Inoue Fumitaka , Fraser Hunter B. , Petrov Dmitri A. , Ahituv Nadav , Gokhman David
Published: October 2020

The Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes enabled the discovery of sequences that differ between modern and archaic humans, the majority of which are noncoding. However, our understanding of the regulatory consequences of these differences remains limited, in part due to the decay of regulatory marks in ancient samples. Here, we used a massively parallel reporter assay in embryonic stem cells, neural progenitor cells and bone osteoblasts to investigate the regulatory effects of the 14,042 single-nucleotide modern human-specific variants. Overall, 1,791 (13%) of sequences containing these variants showed active regulatory activity, and 407 (23%) of these drove differential expression between human groups. Differentially active sequences were associated with divergent transcription factor binding motifs, and with genes enriched for vocal tract and brain anatomy and function. This work provides insight into the regulatory function of variants that emerged along the modern human lineage and the recent evolution of human gene expression.
Action detection using a neural network elucidates the genetics of mouse grooming behavior
Authors: Geuther Brian Q. , Peer Asaf , He Hao , Sabnis Gautam , Philip Vivek M. , Kumar Vivek
Published: October 2020

Automated detection of complex animal behaviors remains a challenging problem in neuroscience, particularly for behaviors that consist of disparate sequential motions. Grooming, a prototypical stereotyped behavior, is often used as an endophenotype in psychiatric genetics. Using mouse grooming behavior as an example, we develop a general purpose neural network architecture capable of dynamic action detection at human observer-level performance and operate across dozens of mouse strains with high visual diversity. We provide insights into the amount of human annotated training data that are needed to achieve such performance. We survey grooming behavior in the open field in 2500 mice across 62 strains, determine its heritable components, conduct GWAS to outline its genetic architecture, and perform PheWAS to link human psychiatric traits through shared underlying genetics. Our general machine learning solution that automatically classifies complex behaviors in large datasets will facilitate systematic studies of mechanisms underlying these behaviors.
A plea for a stronger role of non-financial impact in the socially responsible investment discourse
Authors: Diener Joel , Habisch Andre
Published: October 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to emphasize the importance and current deficits of non-financial impact (NFI) assessment of socially responsible investment (SRI) with reference to the action plan of the European Commission (EC) for a greener and cleaner economy.

Design/methodology/approach

The importance and current deficits of NFI assessment are evaluated theoretically and condensed to an equilibrated socially responsible investment (ESRI) perspective, based on a narrative literature review of highly ranked academic journals.

Findings

Due to a deficient exploration of NFI in theory and practice, the role of SRI funds for sustainability transition has not yet been adequately discussed. This has enabled a situation where a constantly rising market share of SRI has not led to similar sustainability achievements. This strongly contrasts with investors’ expectations, the self-portrayal of the sector and the goals of the EC’s action plan. As a solution, the developed ESRI perspective elevates NFI as a second cornerstone for theory and practice. ESRI, contrary to the EC, sets a primer on the role of SRI fund management for achieving sustainability goals.

Originality/value

This study reveals how SRI theory and practice neglect the importance of NFI. The presented ESRI perspective enables scholars to examine SRI practices more holistically through a new theoretical lens. One special focus is on the role of SRI fund management as a transmission mechanism to push portfolio companies’ business practices toward more sustainable behavior.
The effect of process parameters and plate thickness on in-plane inherent deformations in T-joint fillet weld
Authors: Tian Liang , Luo Yu
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to quantitatively investigate the effect of process parameters (including welding current, voltage and speed) and plate thickness on in-plane inherent deformations in typical fillet welded joint; meanwhile, the plastic strains remaining in the weld zone are also analyzed under different influencing factors.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve the purpose of this study, a thermal-elastic-plastic finite element (TEP FE) model is developed to analyze the thermal-mechanical behavior of the T-welded joint during the welding process. Experimental measurements have verified the validity of the established TEP FE model. Using the effective model, a series of numerical experiments are performed to obtain the inherent deformations under the conditions of different influencing factors, and then the calculation results are discussed based on the relevant data obtained.

Findings

Through numerical simulation analysis, it is found that the longitudinal and transverse inherent deformations decrease with the increase of welding speed and plate thickness, whereas as the nominal heat input increases, the inherent deformations increase significantly. The longitudinal shrinkage presents a quasi-linear and nonlinear distribution in the middle and end of the weld, respectively. The plastic strains in the cross section of the T-joint also vary greatly because of the process parameters and plate thickness, but the maximum value always appears near the location of the welding toe, which means that this point faces a relatively large risk of fatigue cracking. The inherent deformations are closely related to the plastic strains remaining in the weld zone and are also affected by many influencing factors such as process parameters and plate thickness.

Research limitations/implications

In this study, relatively few influencing factors such as welding current, voltage, speed and plate thickness are considered to analyze the inherent deformations in the T-welded joint. Also, these influencing factors are all within a certain range of parameters, which shows that only limited applicability can be provided. In addition, only in-plane inherent deformations are considered in this study, without considering the other two out-of-plane components of inherent deformations.

Originality/value

This study can help to expand the understanding of the relationship between the inherent deformations and its influencing factors for a specific form of the welded joint, and can also provide basic data to supplement the inherent deformation database, thereby facilitating further researches on welding deformations for stiffened-panel structures in shipbuilding or steel bridges.
Development of multiscale multiphysics-based modelling and simulations with the application to precision machining of aerofoil structures
Authors: Shao Yizhi , Adetoro Oluwamayokun Bamidele , Cheng Kai
Published: October 2020

Purpose

This study aims to optimize the manufacturing process to improve the manufacturing quality, costs and delivering time with the help of multiscale multiphysics modelling and simulation. Multiscale multiphysics-based modelling and simulations are receiving more and more interest by research community and the industry particularly in the context of increasing demands for manufacturing high precision complex products and understanding the intrinsic complexity in associated manufacturing processes.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, some modelling and analysis techniques using multiscale multiphysics modelling are presented and discussed.

Findings

Furthermore, the possibility of adopting the multiscale multiphysics modelling and simulation to develop the virtual machining system is evaluated, and further supported with an industrial case study on abrasive flow machining (AFM) of integrally bladed rotors using the techniques and system developed.

Originality/value

With the development of multiscale multiphysics-based modelling and simulation, it will enable effective and efficient optimisation of manufacturing processes and further improvement of manufacturing quality, costs, delivery time and the overall competitiveness.
Sharing knowledge processes for promoting innovation in small businesses
Authors: Harel Ronen , Schwartz Dafna , Kaufmann Dan
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the contribution of sharing knowledge processes aimed at promoting innovation in small businesses.

Design/methodology/approach

The empirical study was conducted in Israel on a sample of 202 businesses in face-to-face interviews.

Findings

The study demonstrated that small businesses in the industry sectors that seek to promote innovation must implement processes for sharing knowledge. Interestingly, these processes contribute mainly to product, marketing and organizational innovation and less to process innovation.

Practical implications

The study may contribute in a practical manner to assisting small businesses in the development and implementation of appropriate sharing knowledge processes for promoting innovation, and as a result, contribute to overall economic growth.

Originality/value

This study enriches the body of knowledge on managerial processes and on sharing knowledge processes for promoting innovation in this group of businesses, which has rarely been the focus of studies on innovation. The use of face-to-face interviews as a research tool facilitated obtaining knowledge that is generally not readily accessible.
Gender diversity: the corporate social responsibility and financial performance nexus
Authors: Bristy Humyra Jabeen , How Janice , Verhoeven Peter
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The authors investigate the role of gender in the way firms evaluate and resolve the ethical dilemma founded on the corporate social responsibility–corporate financial performance (CSR–CFP) nexus. This study is premised on Gilligan's “two voices” theory and the social role theory that there is a gender-based difference in moral thinking.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors adopt the two-stage least squares (2SLS) and generalized method of moments (GMM) approach to control for simultaneity between female representation on boards, CSR and financial performance. The sample consists of 9,569 firm-year observations from 1,527 US firms for the period 1996–2014.

Findings

The authors find that CSR initiatives and activities undertaken by US firms are profit maximizing. However, the return on investment in CSR decreases with the proportion of female directors on the board. This study underscores the importance of considering gender in furthering the understanding of how firms address the CSR–CFP nexus.

Research limitations/implications

This research is not without limitations, which includes the way the authors operationalize CSR. The CSR scores from the MSCI ESG database have been criticized for being relatively weak predictors of actual CSR outcomes. Since the CSR–CFP nexus is likely to be far more complex than that portrayed by the KLD scores, the authors encourage future research to explore metrics of other social rating agencies which perhaps better capture the quality of a firm's CSR.

Practical implications

In the face of the long and unresolved debate on the effect of gender diversity on the board's monitoring efficacy and decision- making process (Adams and Ferrera, 2009), the authors’ finding that female directors' moral orientation and investment in CSR affect firms' bottom-line figures has important implications for shareholders and regulators, helping them to see how gender may play an important role in addressing this relationship.

Originality/value

Although prior studies provide useful insights into the nexus between CSR and CFP, little is known whether gender affects this relation. This research provides empirical support for Gilligan's “two voices” theory that there is a gender-based difference in moral thinking.
Capacity for optimal performance of healthcare supply chain functions: competency, structural and resource gaps in the Northern Region of Ghana
Authors: Atinga Roger Ayimbillah , Dery Samuel , Katongole Simon Peter , Aikins Moses
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The study drew on capacity framework around the individual, organisational, health system and wider context to explore gaps in health supply chain (HSC) workers capacity and competency to perform supply chain (SC) functions and the lessons for workforce development.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed-method study was conducted across the Northern Region of Ghana. Qualitative data were collected from in-depth interviews with 34 key SC managers at the regional, district and facility levels. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered through the RedCap mobile app to 233 core HSC workers and non-core workers (clinicians with additional responsibilities in SC). Data were managed and analysed inductively and deductively for themes.

Findings

Weak knowledge and competency in SC functions attributed to poor training exposure and organisational support for capacity building, undermined the capacity to perform basic SC functions, especially by the non-core category. The policy and regulatory environment of the HSC marketplace were described as fluid and with complexity of demands. Both worker categories, therefore, requested functional, technical, managerial and customer care competencies to anticipate and manage complexities. Structural characteristics of the health system giving narrow decision space to HSC workers cascaded the capacity for innovation and initiative and promoted frustrations among mid-level managers. Infrastructural deficits and shortfalls in operational resources scaled back the capacity to efficiently manage inventory and ensure that commodities reach clients in good quality.

Originality/value

Finding suggest that capacity building of HSC workers, strengthening of health institutions structural and resource capacity, and leveraging on technology will enable optimal performance of HSC functions.
How smart tourism technologies affect tourist destination loyalty
Authors: Azis Nasir , Amin Muslim , Chan Syafruddin , Aprilia Cut
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate how smart tourism technologies and memorable tourism experiences affect tourist satisfaction and tourist destination loyalty.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 600 questionnaires were distributed, 360 were returned (60% response rate) and a covariance-based structural equation modeling technique was used to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The results of this study explain that smart tourism technologies and memorable tourism experiences play essential roles in enhancing tourist satisfaction and tourist destination loyalty.

Practical implications

This study specifies that tourists have pleasant memories and are satisfied at a tourist destination; as a result, they are more likely to revisit and recommend a tourist destination to their friends, family and other tourists. If a tourist has a negative experience with smart city info-structure facilities, a tourist might reach an overall conclusion to not revisit or recommend the location to other tourists.

Originality/value

This study provides empirical evidence to support the importance of smart tourism technologies and memorable tourism experiences in enhancing tourist satisfaction and tourist destination loyalty.
Residual properties of normal-strength concrete subjected to fire and sustained elevated temperatures: A comparative study
Authors: V. Sachin , Suresh N.
Published: October 2020

Purpose

Concrete is a widely used construction material which can be prepared using locally available resources (aggregates, cement and water) by following relevant standard guidelines. The residual properties of concrete determined by heating in an electric furnace may not produce a similar effect of fire. The purpose of this paper is to compare the effect of a fire with that coming from the exposure of normal strength concrete to predetermined reference temperatures, for which two sets of specimens were heated in a fire furnace provided with gas burners and an electric furnace.

Design/methodology/approach

The concrete cubes and cylinders were subjected to 200oC, 400oC, 600oC and 800oC temperature in a gas-controlled fire furnace and an electric furnace for 2 h. The physical properties and mechanical properties of concrete were determined after cooling the specimens in air. The quality of concrete specimens was determined using the ultrasonic pulse velocity test, and surface hardness of the heat-exposed cubes was recorded using the Schmidt rebound hammer.

Findings

The fire-exposed specimens were found to have lower residual compressive strength, tensile strength and higher porosity/voids/internal cracks than the specimens heated in an electric furnace at the same temperature. Further, a good agreement with compressive strength and rebound numbers was observed for each of the two heating systems (flames coming from gas burners and electric furnace).

Originality/value

Normal strength concrete specimens exposed to heat in an electric furnace will not give the same effect of fire having the same maximum temperature. Further, it is noticed that concrete subjected to elevated temperature is sensitive to heating modalities, be it the flames of a gas furnace or the radiation of an electric furnace.
Facilitators and inhibitors of value co-creation in the industrial services environment
Authors: Bonamigo Andrei , Dettmann Brenda , Frech Camila Guimarães , Werner Steffan Macali
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to recognize the facilitators and inhibitors of value co-creation in the industrial service environment.

Design/methodology/approach

First, a systematic literature review (SLR) based on the systematic search flow (SSF) method was conducted, using six databases. Then, the content analysis proposed by Bardin (2011) was used to analyze the selected papers from SLR.

Findings

The authors identified a total of 11 facilitators and four inhibitors of value co-creation in industrial services. The findings show that concerning facilitators, the involvement of actors and synergy among participants reported a higher presence. As for the inhibitors, incompatibility among actors and actors' inexperience in the context of value co-creation were the ones that registered the most frequency.

Research limitations/implications

Even though the SLR covered a large proportion of the studies available, this research may not have enabled a complete coverage of all existing peer-reviewed papers in the field of value co-creation in industrial services.

Practical implications

This study assists managers in enhancing the performance of the value co-creation process. This is because, by knowing both the facilitators and inhibitors, managers can have an improved understanding of this process, thereby pondering these elements on the elaboration of their strategies and decision-making.

Originality/value

This study is one of the first attempts to recognize both the facilitators and inhibitors of value co-creation in industrial services.
Analytics of machine replacement decisions: economic life vs real options
Authors: Yatsenko Yuri , Hritonenko Natali
Published: October 2020

Purpose

Despite the existence of multiple asset replacement theories, the economic life replacement method remains a major practical technique for making rational machine replacement decisions. The purpose of this paper is to bridge this method with comprehensive data analytic tools and make it applicable it to modern business reality with abundant data on operating and replacement costs.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employs operations research, discrete and continuous optimization, applied mathematical modeling, data analytics, industrial economics and real options theory.

Findings

Constructed stochastic algorithms extend the deterministic economic life method and are compared to the contemporary theory of stochastic asset replacement based on real options and dynamic programming. It is proven that both techniques deliver similar results when the cost volatility is small. A major theoretic finding is that the cost uncertainty speeds up the replacement decision.

Research limitations/implications

This research suggests that the proposed stochastic algorithms may become an important tool for managerial decisions about replacement of many similar machines with detailed data on operating and replacement costs.

Originality/value

Compared to the real options replacement theory, major advantages of the proposed algorithms are that they work equally well for any distribution of age-dependent stochastic operating cost. The algorithms are tested on a real industrial case about replacement of medical imaging devices. Numeric simulation supports obtained analytic outcomes.
The antecedents and consequence of financial well-being: a survey of parliamentarians in Ghana
Authors: Oquaye Maureen , Owusu Godfred Matthew Yaw , Bokpin Godfred Alufar
Published: October 2020

Purpose

This paper examines the effect of financial self-efficacy and financial behaviour on financial well-being and ascertains whether financial well-being affects an individual's level of happiness in life. The authors also show the mediating role of financial behaviour in the relationship between self-efficacy and financial well-being.

Design/methodology/approach

The survey method of research was adopted using questionnaires as the principal means of data collection. The hypotheses of the study were tested on a rich data set from a sample of 210 parliamentarians in Ghana using the structural equation modelling technique.

Findings

The results show that individuals with high level of financial self-efficacy practise responsible financial behaviour and find financial behaviour to be a good predictor of financial well-being. The authors also find financial behaviour to mediate between financial self-efficacy and financial well-being and conclude that well-being impacts positively on happiness.

Practical implications

Findings of this study demonstrate that the financial well-being of an individual has important implications on the quality of life and an important way of improving well-being is to promote responsible financial behaviour.

Originality/value

This study employs the subjective measure of financial well-being in its analysis and also examines an outcome of financial well-being.
Optimizing the pinch-off problem for gradient triply periodic minimal surface cellular structures manufactured by selective laser melting
Authors: Zhang Mingkang , Yang Yongqiang , Qin Wentao , Wu Shibiao , Chen Jie , Song Changhui
Published: October 2020

Purpose

This study aims to focus on the optimized design and mechanical properties of gradient triply periodic minimal surface cellular structures manufactured by selective laser melting.

Design/methodology/approach

Uniform and gradient IWP and primitive cellular structures have been designed by the optimized function in MATLAB, and selective laser melting technology was applied to manufacture these cellular structures. Finite element analysis was applied to optimize the pinch-off problem, and compressive tests were carried out for the evaluation of mechanical properties of gradient cellular structures.

Findings

Finite element analysis shows that the elastic modulus of IWP increased as design parameter b increased, and then decreased when parameter b is higher than 5.5. The highest elastic modulus of primitive increased by 89.2% when parameter b is 6. The compressive behavior of gradient IWP and primitive shows a layer-by-layer way, and elastic modulus and first maximum compressive strength of gradient primitive are higher than that of gradient IWP. The effective energy absorption of gradient cellular structures increased as the average porosity decreased, and the effective energy absorption of gradient primitive is about twice than that of gradient IWP.

Originality/value

This paper presents an optimized design method for the pinch-off problem of gradient triply periodic minimal surface cellular structures.
Diagnostic and prognostic value of thymidylate synthase expression in breast cancer
Authors: Song Shaoran , Tian Bixia , Zhang Miao , Gao Xiaoqian , Jie Liu , Liu Peijun , Li Juan
Published: October 2020

Nucleotide metabolism is the driving force of cell proliferation, and thymidylate synthase (TYMS) catalyzes a rate‐limiting step in the initial synthesis of nucleotides. Previous studies reported that TYMS activity significantly affected the proliferation of tumour cells. However, the diagnostic and prognostic significance of TYMS expression in breast cancer remains unclear. Here, we used the Breast Cancer Integrative Platform (BCIP) to investigate the relationship between progression and prognosis of breast cancer with TYMS expression, and then verified the database analysis using immunohistochemical staining. Our results indicated TYMS expression was greater in breast cancer than adjacent normal tissues and greater in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) than non‐TNBC tissues. TYMS expression also had significant positive correlations with histological grade, tumour size, and ER negativity, and PR negativity. The increased copy number of the TYMS gene appears to be the reason for its upregulation in breast cancer. Breast cancer patients with higher TYMS expression had poorer prognosis. Our data suggest that TYMS has potential use as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for breast cancer patients.
Education for Self-Forgiveness as a Part of Education for Forgiveness
Authors: Horowski Jarosław
Published: October 2020

The analyses undertaken in this article refer to the harm experienced in close relationships, where the lack of forgiveness and the breakdown in the relationship can be a source of additional suffering for the victim. Referring to the discussion conducted in the Journal of Philosophy of Education in the years 2002–2003, I assume that one of the most difficult challenges for the injured individual is to determine whether change made by the perpetrator of evil encourages the individual to trust the perpetrator or whether forgiveness can actually be understood as consent to further harm. Another challenge is that the injured person must make a decision about forgiveness when s/he perceives change in the perpetrator if lack of forgiveness is not to become the cause of a definitive breakdown in the relationship. I propose the thesis that a person—by reference to acts of self-forgiveness—can learn to identify the moment when forgiveness is possible and necessary. After explaining what self-forgiveness is, what act it relates to and what its moral value is, I show how self-forgiveness and reflection on the process of self-forgiveness can benefit education for forgiveness of another person.
The effect of hydrolysed tragacanth gum and inulin on the probiotic viability and quality characteristics of low‐fat yoghurt
Authors: Ghaderi‐Ghahfarokhi Maryam , Yousefvand Amin , Ahmadi Gavlighi Hassan , Zarei Mehdi
Published: October 2020

This study investigates the effect of supplementation of tragacanth gum (GT, 0.05% w/v), low molecular weight gum tragacanth (LMWGT, 0.5% w/v) and inulin (0.5% w/v) on the viability of Bifidobacterium bifidum and the quality parameters of low‐fat yoghurt during a three‐week storage period. The count of probiotics was found to be 7.8 log cfu/g in inulin, and LMWGT enriched yoghurts at the end of the storage period. The minimum water holding capacity and the maximum syneresis values were also obtained in the low‐fat yoghurt enriched with GT throughout the storage time. The samples containing inulin and LMWGT revealed sensory attributes that were judged superior compared to those in GT.
Association between extremely preterm caesarean delivery and maternal depressive and anxious symptoms: a national population‐based cohort study
Authors: Blanc J , Rességuier N , Lorthe E , Goffinet F , Sentilhes L , Auquier P , Tosello B , d'Ercole C
Published: October 2020

Objective

To evaluate whether caesarean delivery before 26 weeks of gestation was associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety in mothers in comparison with deliveries between 26 and 34 weeks.

Design

Prospective national population‐based EPIPAGE‐2 cohort study.

Setting

268 neonatology departments in France, March to December 2011.

Population

Mothers who delivered between 22 and 34 weeks and whose self‐reported symptoms of depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale: CES‐D) and anxiety (State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory: STAI) were assessed at the moment of neonatal discharge.

Methods

The association of caesarean delivery before 26 weeks with severe symptoms of depression (CES‐D ≥16) and anxiety (STAI ≥45) was assessed by weighted and design‐based log‐linear regression model.

Main outcome measures

Severe symptoms of depression and anxiety in mothers of preterm infants.

Results

Among the 2270 women completing CES‐D and STAI questionnaires at the time of neonatal discharge, severe symptoms of depression occurred in 25 (65.8%) women having a caesarean before 26 weeks versus in 748 (50.6%) women having a caesarean after 26 weeks. Caesarean delivery before 26 weeks was associated with severe symptoms of depression compared with caesarean delivery after 26 weeks (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.42, 95% CI 1.12–1.81) adjusted to neonatal birthweight and severe neonatal morbidity among other factors. There was no evidence of an association between mode of delivery and symptoms of anxiety.

Conclusions

Mothers having a caesarean delivery before 26 weeks’ gestation are at high risk of symptoms of depression and may benefit from specific preventive care.

Tweetable abstract

Mothers having caesarean delivery before 26 weeks’ gestation are at high risk of symptoms of depression.
Locoregional control and toxicity after pleurectomy/decortication and intensity‐modulated pleural radiation therapy in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Arrieta Oscar , Lozano‐Ruiz Francisco , Blake‐Cerda Monika , Catalán Rodrigo , Lara‐Mejía Luis , Salinas Miguel Ángel , Maldonado‐Magos Federico , Corona‐Cruz José F.
Published: October 2020

Background

Treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) represents a major challenge for oncologists. Multimodality treatment, which generally involves induction chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy have recently shown promising results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the locoregional control and toxicity of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) after pleurectomy and decortication (P/D) as part of trimodality therapy for patients with locally advanced MPM.

Methods

We prospectively analyzed data from 20 patients with MPM treated at a single tertiary‐care institution. Initially every patient received induction chemotherapy with platinum‐based chemotherapy. After chemotherapy, patients without progression underwent P/D, and if feasible, hemi‐thoracic IMRT was administered at a planned dose of 50.4–54 Gy in 28–30 fractions and treated with 9–11 noncoplanar fields.

Results

A total of 15 of the 20 enrolled patients underwent P/D followed by IMRT to the hemi‐thoracic cavity. The median total radiotherapy dose was 48.7 Gy (23.4–54 Gy). Radiation pneumonitis (RP) developed in nine patients (60%), and of these, two patients (13.3%) experienced G3 or G4 RP. The estimated locoregional‐relapse‐free survival at two years was 75.9%, and the main pattern of recurrence was distant (72.7%). For the entire cohort median follow‐up was 22.7 months, median progression‐free survival was 18.9 months and median overall survival 23.6 months.

Conclusions

Platinum‐based chemotherapy followed by lung‐sparing surgery (P/D) and IMRT is a feasible and safe treatment modality that yields acceptable locoregional control in patients with locally advanced MPM; however, these results should be corroborated in larger studies.
miR‐195 reduces age‐related blood–brain barrier leakage caused by thrombospondin‐1‐mediated selective autophagy
Authors: Chen Chien‐Yuan , Chao Yung‐Mei , Lin Hsiu‐Fen , Chen Chao‐Jung , Chen Cheng‐Sheng , Yang Jenq‐Lin , Chan Julie Y. H. , Juo Suh‐Hang H.
Published: October 2020

Blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption contributes to neurodegenerative diseases. Loss of tight junction (TJ) proteins in cerebral endothelial cells (ECs) is a leading cause of BBB breakdown. We recently reported that miR‐195 provides vasoprotection, which urges us to explore the role of miR‐195 in BBB integrity. Here, we found cerebral miR‐195 levels decreased with age, and BBB leakage was significantly increased in miR‐195 knockout mice. Furthermore, exosomes from miR‐195‐enriched astrocytes increased endothelial TJ proteins and improved BBB integrity. To decipher how miR‐195 promoted BBB integrity, we first demonstrated that TJ proteins were metabolized via autophagic–lysosomal pathway and the autophagic adaptor p62 was necessary to promote TJ protein degradation in cerebral ECs. Next, proteomic analysis of exosomes revealed miR‐195‐suppressed thrombospondin‐1 (TSP1) as a major contributor to BBB disruption. Moreover, TSP1 was demonstrated to activate selective autophagy of TJ proteins by increasing the formation of claudin‐5‐p62 and ZO1‐p62 complexes in cerebral ECs while TSP1 impaired general autophagy. Delivering TSP1 antibody into the circulation showed dose‐dependent reduction of BBB leakage by 20%–40% in 25‐month‐old mice. Intravenous or intracerebroventricular injection of miR‐195 rescued TSP1‐induced BBB leakage. Dementia patients with BBB damage had higher levels of serum TSP1 compared to those without BBB damage (p = 0.0015), while the normal subjects had the lowest TSP1 (p < 0.0001). Taken together, the study implies that TSP1‐regulated selective autophagy facilitates the degradation of TJ proteins and weakens BBB integrity. An adequate level of miR‐195 can suppress the autophagy–lysosome pathway via a reduction of TSP1, which may be important for maintaining BBB function.
Blood extracellular vesicles from healthy individuals regulate hematopoietic stem cells as humans age
Authors: Grenier‐Pleau Isabelle , Tyryshkin Kathrin , Le Tri Dung , Rudan John , Bonneil Eric , Thibault Pierre , Zeng Karen , Lässer Cecilia , Mallinson David , Lamprou Dimitrios , Hui Jialui , Postovit Lynne‐Marie , Chan Edmond Y. W. , Abraham Sheela A.
Published: October 2020

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain balanced blood cell production in a process called hematopoiesis. As humans age, their HSCs acquire mutations that allow some HSCs to disproportionately contribute to normal blood production. This process, known as age‐related clonal hematopoiesis, predisposes certain individuals to cancer, cardiovascular and pulmonary pathologies. There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that factors outside cells, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs), contribute to the disruption of stem cell homeostasis during aging. We have characterized blood EVs from humans and determined that they are remarkably consistent with respect to size, concentration, and total protein content, across healthy subjects aged 20–85 years. When analyzing EV protein composition from mass spectroscopy data, our machine‐learning‐based algorithms are able to distinguish EV proteins based on age and suggest that different cell types dominantly produce EVs released into the blood, which change over time. Importantly, our data show blood EVs from middle and older age groups (>40 years) significantly stimulate HSCs in contrast to untreated and EVs sourced from young subjects. Our study establishes for the first time that although EV particle size, concentration, and total protein content remain relatively consistent over an adult lifespan in humans, EV content evolves during aging and potentially influences HSC regulation.
White matter microstructure and connectivity in patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder and their unaffected siblings
Authors: Dikmeer Nur , Besiroglu Lutfullah , Di Biase Maria A. , Zalesky Andrew , Kasal Meltem I. , Bilge Aslıhan , Durmaz Ercan , Polat Serap , Gelal Fazil , Zorlu Nabi
Published: October 2020

Objective

We aimed to examine white matter microstructure and connectivity in individuals with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and their unaffected siblings, relative to healthy controls.

Methods

Diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) scans were acquired in 30 patients with OCD, 21 unaffected siblings, and 31 controls. We examined white matter microstructure using measures of fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD). Structural networks were examined using network‐based statistic (NBS).

Results

Compared to controls, OCD patients showed significantly reduced FA and increased RD in clusters traversing the left forceps minor, inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus, anterior thalamic radiation, and cingulum. Furthermore, the OCD group displayed significantly weaker connectivity (quantified by the streamline count) compared to controls in the right hemisphere, most notably in edges connecting subcortical structures to temporo‐occipital cortical regions. The sibling group showed intermediate streamline counts, FA and RD values between OCD and healthy control groups in connections found to be abnormal in patients with OCD. However, these reductions did not significantly differ compared to controls.

Conclusion

Therefore, siblings of OCD patients display intermediate levels in dMRI measures of microstructure and connectivity, suggesting white matter abnormalities might be related to the familial predisposition for OCD.
Resilience in “Flash Events” in the Corn and Lean Hog Futures Markets
Authors: He Xinyue , Serra Teresa , Garcia Philip
Published: October 2020

The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) recently identified large intra‐day price changes or “flash events” in continuously traded commodity futures markets. These flash events fueled discussion on whether futures markets are becoming less effective as human intervention is diminishing in favor of automated trading. Using intra‐day data, we examine liquidity resilience during “flash events” in corn and lean hog futures markets from 2014 to 2019. Overall, we find little evidence that the liquidity provision in these two markets relative to normal days becomes fragile when large price movements occur. Our analysis suggests that flash events are heavily influenced by unanticipated changes in fundamentals that may lead to a new equilibrium price. Liquidity dynamics during these events supports the view that active market making helps absorb the increased volume and stabilize markets.
Predictors of Land Privatization: Cross‐Cultural Tests of Defendability and Resource Stress Theory
Authors: Ember Carol R. , Adem Teferi Abate , Brougham Tahlisa , Pitek Emily
Published: October 2020

We have known for some time that complex societies are more likely to have land tenure systems based on private rights and less likely to have communal ownership. Less understood is why. More specifically, what are the mechanisms to explain why complex societies have more private property? What are the adaptive advantages of one system rather than the other? Conceptualizing and coding land tenure systems as a “bundle of rights,” this worldwide cross‐cultural study suggests that Acheson's (2015) economic defendability theory in conjunction with some environmental stressors, such as drought, may help us understand cross‐cultural variation in land tenure systems. Our results have evolutionary implications. They suggest that if property rights were claimed, communal property systems would have been the default system for any society having substantial degrees of hunting, gathering, or herdable animals. Agriculture by itself is not a strong predictor of private land rights, although irrigation agriculture is. [land tenure systems, defendability, resource stress, cross‐cultural]
A novel approach to delivery of extracorporeal support using a modified continuous flow ventricular assist device in a mid‐volume congenital heart program
Authors: Turbendian Harma K. , Gebhardt Jeremy , Scherkenbach Peter , Zawadzki Matthew J. , Shillingford Michael
Published: October 2020

Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is an essential component of a modern congenital cardiac surgery program. The circuit components and bedside management team may, however, vary among institutions. Here, we evaluate our initial experience with a modified ventricular assist device—based ECLS circuit primarily managed by the bedside nurse. We hypothesize that our outcomes are comparable to Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) registry data. All patients who received ECLS from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2019 at a single institution were included. Primary outcomes were survival to ECLS decannulation and discharge or transfer. Secondary outcomes included complications from ECLS. Data were compared to available ELSO registry data. Thirty‐seven patients underwent 44 ECLS runs during the study period. Forty percent of patients had single ventricle physiology. Nearly 46% of patients received ECLS as part of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR). Survival to ECLS decannulation (68.2%) and survival to discharge or transfer (61.4%) did not differ from overall ELSO outcomes (69.7%, P = .870 and 50.7%, P = .136), as well as survival to discharge or transfer in a comparable cohort of ELSO centers (53.1%, P = .081). Patients with complications had a lower rate of survival to discharge or transfer but this did not reach statistical significance (47.7% vs. 75.0%, P = .455). Neurologic (50.0%), hemorrhagic (45.5%), and renal complications (31.8%) were most common in this cohort. A modified ventricular assist device‐based ECLS circuit with primary management by the bedside nurse can provide comparable support in a neonatal and pediatric cardiac surgery population. Cost analyses and further delineation of the complication profile are necessary for a complete characterization of this system.
Intestinal blood flow evaluation using the indocyanine green fluorescence imaging method in a case of incarcerated obturator hernia: A case report
Authors: Nakashima Keigo , Ryu Shunjin , Okamoto Atsuko , Hara Keigo , Ishida Kota , Ito Ryusuke , Nakabayashi Yukio
Published: October 2020

In surgery for incarcerated hernia, intestinal blood flow is an important factor in intraoperative decision‐making given that irreversible ischemia can result in intestinal necrosis. Here, we report a case of incarcerated obturator hernia in which the bowel was successfully preserved by evaluating intestinal blood flow with the indocyanine green fluorescence imaging method. A woman in her 80s was diagnosed with incarcerated right obturator hernia, and a laparoscopic operation was performed. The small bowel tissue that had been incarcerated exhibited dark red discoloration. Fluorescence examination of the bowel wall indicated that the ischemic changes were reversible, and accordingly, the bowel was not resected. The postoperative course was uneventful. The indocyanine green fluorescence imaging method is a useful new source of evidence that will improve intraoperative decision‐making regarding bowel ischemia.
Design, synthesis and activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis of 5‐chloro‐2‐ or 5‐chloro‐4‐methyl‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐one and some of its derivatives
Authors: Mazur Gabriela , Skiba‐Kurek Iwona , Karczewska Elżbieta , Pańczyk‐Straszak Katarzyna , Jaworska Joanna , Waszkielewicz Anna M.
Published: October 2020

Ten new xanthone derivatives have been designed and synthesized for their potential antibacterial activity. All compounds have been screened against Staphylococcus epidermidis strains ATCC 12228 and clinical K/12/8915. The highest antibacterial activity was observed for compound 3: 5‐chloro‐2‐((4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)piperazin‐1‐yl)methyl)‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐one dihydrochloride, exhibiting MIC of 0.8 µg/ml against ATCC 12228 strain, compared to linezolid (0.8 µg/ml), ciprofloxacin (0.2 µg/ml) or trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (0.8 µg/ml). For the most active compound 3, genotoxicity assay with use of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium revealed safety in terms of genotoxicity at concentration 75 µg/ml and antibacterial activity against Salmonella at all higher concentrations. A final in silico prediction of skin metabolism of compound 3 seems promising, indicating stability of the xanthone moiety in the metabolism process.
What Eye Movements Reveal About Later Comprehension of Long Connected Texts
Authors: Southwell Rosy , Gregg Julie , Bixler Robert , D'Mello Sidney K.
Published: October 2020

We know that reading involves coordination between textual characteristics and visual attention, but research linking eye movements during reading and comprehension assessed after reading is surprisingly limited, especially for reading long connected texts. We tested two competing possibilities: (a) the weak association hypothesis: Links between eye movements and comprehension are weak and short‐lived, versus (b) the strong association hypothesis: The two are robustly linked, even after a delay. Using a predictive modeling approach, we trained regression models to predict comprehension scores from global eye movement features, using participant‐level cross‐validation to ensure that the models generalize across participants. We used data from three studies in which readers (Ns = 104, 130, 147) answered multiple‐choice comprehension questions ~30 min after reading a 6,500‐word text, or after reading up to eight 1,000‐word texts. The models generated accurate predictions of participants' text comprehension scores (correlations between observed and predicted comprehension: 0.384, 0.362, 0.372, ps < .001), in line with the strong association hypothesis. We found that making more, but shorter fixations, consistently predicted comprehension across all studies. Furthermore, models trained on one study's data could successfully predict comprehension on the others, suggesting generalizability across studies. Collectively, these findings suggest that there is a robust link between eye movements and subsequent comprehension of a long connected text, thereby connecting theories of low‐level eye movements with those of higher order text processing during reading.