bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating Crop Seed Composition Using Machine Learning from Multisensory UAV Data
Authors: Dilmurat Kamila , Sagan Vasit , Maimaitijiang Maitiniyazi , Moose Stephen , Fritschi Felix B.
Published: September 2022

The pre-harvest estimation of seed composition from standing crops is imperative for field management practices and plant phenotyping. This paper presents for the first time the potential of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)-based high-resolution hyperspectral and LiDAR data acquired from in-season stand crops for estimating seed protein and oil compositions of soybean and corn using multisensory data fusion and automated machine learning. UAV-based hyperspectral and LiDAR data was collected during the growing season (reproductive stage five (R5)) of 2020 over a soybean test site near Columbia, Missouri and a cornfield at Urbana, Illinois, USA. Canopy spectral and texture features were extracted from hyperspectral imagery, and canopy structure features were derived from LiDAR point clouds. The extracted features were then used as input variables for automated machine-learning methods available with the H2O Automated Machine-Learning framework (H2O-AutoML). The results presented that: (1) UAV hyperspectral imagery can successfully predict both the protein and oil of soybean and corn with moderate accuracies; (2) canopy structure features derived from LiDAR point clouds yielded slightly poorer estimates of crop-seed composition compared to the hyperspectral data; (3) regardless of machine-learning methods, the combination of hyperspectral and LiDAR data outperformed the predictions using a single sensor alone, with an R2 of 0.79 and 0.67 for corn protein and oil and R2 of 0.64 and 0.56 for soybean protein and oil; and (4) the H2O-AutoML framework was found to be an efficient strategy for machine-learning-based data-driven model building. Among the specific regression methods evaluated in this study, the Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) and Deep Neural Network (NN) exhibited superior performance to other methods. This study reveals opportunities and limitations for multisensory UAV data fusion and automated machine learning in estimating crop-seed composition.
Estimates of Power Shortages and Affected Populations during the Initial Period of the Ukrainian-Russian Conflict
Authors: Zheng Zihao , Wu Zhifeng , Cao Zheng , Zhang Qifei , Chen Yingbiao , Guo Guanhua , Yang Zhiwei , Guo Cheng , Wang Xin , Marinello Francesco
Published: September 2022

Since the outbreak of the Ukrainian-Russian conflict on 24 February 2022, Ukraine’s economy, society, and cities have been devastated and struck on multiple fronts, with large numbers of refugees fleeing to neighboring countries. The lighting systems in Ukrainian cities have been severely restricted due to Russian missile bombing and curfew policies. The power shortages adversely affected the livelihoods of the Ukrainian residents dramatically. For a timely assessment of the power shortages’ extent and the affected population in Ukraine, this study tracked the dynamics of nighttime light emissions in Ukraine based on the newly developed daily Black Marble product (VNP46A2) from NASA. The results show that the average light radiance in Ukrainian urban areas has decreased by about 37% since the eruption of the war, with Kiev city being the most dramatic region, having a post-conflict decrease of about 51%. In addition, by introducing near-real-time population data, we have implemented a survey of the affected population in Ukraine suffering from war-induced power shortages. Estimates show that about 17.3 million Ukrainian residents were affected by power shortages. In more detail, the number of children under 10 years old was about 2.35 million (about 5.24% of the total population), while the number of elderly people over 60 years old was about 3.53 million (about 7.86% of the total population). Generally, the results of this study could contribute positively to the timely assessment of the impact of the conflict and the implementation of humanitarian relief.
A New Algorithm for Cancer Biomarker Gene Detection Using Harris Hawks Optimization
Authors: AlMazrua Halah , AlShamlan Hala
Published: September 2022

This paper presents two novel swarm intelligence algorithms for gene selection, HHO-SVM and HHO-KNN. Both of these algorithms are based on Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO), one in conjunction with support vector machines (SVM) and the other in conjunction with k-nearest neighbors (k-NN). In both algorithms, the goal is to determine a small gene subset that can be used to classify samples with a high degree of accuracy. The proposed algorithms are divided into two phases. To obtain an accurate gene set and to deal with the challenge of high-dimensional data, the redundancy analysis and relevance calculation are conducted in the first phase. To solve the gene selection problem, the second phase applies SVM and k-NN with leave-one-out cross-validation. A performance evaluation was performed on six microarray data sets using the two proposed algorithms. A comparison of the two proposed algorithms with several known algorithms indicates that both of them perform quite well in terms of classification accuracy and the number of selected genes.
Influence of Synthesis Parameters and Polymerization Methods on the Selective and Adsorptive Performance of Bio-Inspired Ion Imprinted Polymers
Authors: Cajamarca Fabio Antonio , Tarley César Ricardo Teixeira
Published: September 2022

Ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) have been widely used in different fields of Analytical Sciences due to their intrinsic selective properties. However, the success of chemical imprinting in terms of selectivity, as well as the stability, specific surface area, and absence of swelling effect depends on fully understanding the preparation process. Therefore, the proposal of this review is to describe the influence of relevant parameters on the production processes of ion-imprinted polymers, including the nature (organic, inorganic, or hybrid materials), structure, properties of the salt (source of the metal ion), ligand, crosslinking agent, porogenic solvent, and initiator. Additionally, different polymerization methods are discussed, the classification of IIPs as well as the applications of these adsorbent materials in the last years (2017–2022).
An Aptamer Affinity Column for Extraction of Four Aminoglycoside Antibiotics from Milk
Authors: Zhao Liping , Jiang Xiaoqian , Xu Xiaoling , Wang Nan , Wang Xinjie , Yang Ruiqi , Liu Xiangyang , Liu Zheng , Luan Yunxia
Published: September 2022

This article introduces the aptamer affinity column (AAC) with nucleic acid aptamer as an affinity ligand for the extraction of four aminoglycoside antibiotics (AGs). The AAC was prepared by loading the aptamer functionalized Sepharose into an extraction column, which was conjugated by covalent binding between NHS-activated Sepharose and amino-modified aptamers with a coupling time of 2 h. After the sample solution flowed through the AAC, the AGs were retained because of the affinity between the AGs and aptamer, then AGs were eluted and analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. Under the optimized conditions, the maximum adsorption of AGs on the AAC could reach 8.0 μg. Moreover, the proposed AAC could be reused more than 20 times. The resultant AAC that conjugated with the aptamer was successfully applied in the enrichment and purification of four AGs in a milk sample and good recovery results in the range of 83.3–98.8% were obtained (with RSD in the range of 0.6–5.8%). The proposed AAC for recognition of multi-target AGs exhibited good enrichment and purification effects, showing great application potential for targets with their related aptamers.
Soil Respiration Is Influenced by Seasonality, Forest Succession and Contrasting Biophysical Controls in a Tropical Dry Forest in Northwestern Mexico
Authors: Vargas-Terminel Martha L. , Flores-Rentería Dulce , Sánchez-Mejía Zulia M. , Rojas-Robles Nidia E. , Sandoval-Aguilar Maritza , Chávez-Vergara Bruno , Robles-Morua Agustín , Garatuza-Payan Jaime , Yépez Enrico A.
Published: September 2022

Soil respiration (RS) is an important component of the C cycle because it contributes significant CO2 emissions to the atmosphere that result from metabolism and respiration of its autotrophic and heterotrophic components. However, the relative importance of different biophysical controls that drive the variability of this flux and their influence along forest succession pathways is still unknown. We incorporate multiyear RS, ecosystem flux and meteorological measurements in old-growth (OG), mid-secondary (MS) and early-secondary (ES) tropical dry forests (TDFs) with the goal of assessing the temporal variation of RS and identifying the biophysical controls at each site by applying structural equation models (SEM). Along forest succession, RS followed the pattern of precipitation events; we identified by the end of the wet season that RS was sustained by a longer period at OG, while in MS and ES, RS decreased according to the soil moisture availability. According to SEM, soil moisture and soil temperature exert an effect on the variability of RS in all sites. However, we found that RS was also controlled by the vapor pressure deficit at MS and gross primary production at OG and ES. Our results suggest that seasonality has a different impact on RS along forest succession in TDFs found in northwestern Mexico and highlights the relevance of considering additional biophysical controls of RS for a better understanding this critical process of the C cycle.
Research on Sandstone Damage Characteristics and Acoustic Emission Precursor Features under Cyclic Loading and Unloading Paths
Authors: Wang Yong , Deng Chuan , Ding Zeng , He Feng , Feng Xiaojun , Wang Dongming , Hu Qinjing , Zhao Xue
Published: September 2022

The deformation and failure features of rock formation in deep coal mines are basic mechanical problems in the complex geology environment and complicated excavation process. Under the effect of cyclic loading and unloading, the bearing capacity weakens and damage degree exacerbates significantly, which seriously threatens the safety and stability of the working face. To study the damage characteristics of sandstone, especially the precursor characteristics of acoustic emission (AE), this paper conduct the AE response experiments on sandstone under cyclic loading and unloading. The results show that with the increasing number of cycles, the loading modulus, unloading modulus, total strain energy, elastic energy, and dissipation energy of sandstone in the cycle stage all increase continuously. In the initial loading stage, the sandstone has fewer cycles and lower stress levels, fewer AE ringing counts and energy, and less rock damage. With the increasing cyclic times and loading stress, the damage degree of sandstone increases rapidly in a very short time. The damage variable represented by ringing count is more sensitive than by energy. Just before rock failure, the ringing count and the energy value increase significantly, and the damage curve rises sharply. In addition, AE waveform signals have obvious aggregation characteristics and four main bands. Just before sandstone failure, the main frequency band becomes wider, the low frequency bands f1 and f2 become connected, and the main signal frequency appears abnormally low and high. The waveform signals before sandstone instability and failure show a phenomenon where the low-frequency amplitude is generally at a high level, the high-frequency signal decreases, the amplitude becomes low, and the multipeak phenomenon weakens. The above characteristics of the AE time domain and waveform analysis can be used as the precursor characteristics of sandstone failure and instability. This study can reveal the process of the sandstone deterioration and AE response under the cyclic loading and unloading condition, and has certain guiding significance for roof and floor control in deep roadway, instability warming monitor of working faces, and guarantees for safety production.
River Ecosystem Resilience: Applying the Contingent Valuation Method in Vietnam
Authors: Do Hao Hong , Frör Oliver
Published: September 2022

Mine water drainage interferes with ecosystems of the discharging river, whilst river ecosystem services in return affect the livelihoods and well-being of adjacent communities. In Ha Long, Vietnam, surface coal mining will be closed after 2025 following the national and provincial strategy toward sustainable development. This opens up an opportunity to rehabilitate the associated rivers to increase resilience in the surrounding social-ecological system (SES) heavily affected by water pollution from coal mines. Increasing resilience through rehabilitation is costly and policy makers often lack precise enough information on public benefits to make good decisions. In this study, we apply the concept of SESs to analyze the interrelationship between river ecosystems and human society with its institutions and local governance surrounding the Ha Long coal mining area. Applying a contingent valuation survey with 410 households living near to the mining operations, we assess the public benefits resulting from three different but partly combined projects to increase resilience. Results show that households are significantly willing to contribute to all proposed resilience increasing projects. Factors explaining willingness to pay (WTP) are diverse and are found to be related to common institutions and local governance. Through a comparison of the results for the three projects, we find the presence of embedding effects and identify factors leading to upward biased estimates of WTP. Our study contributes to a better understanding and valuation of public benefits in SES necessary for public policy towards increasing resilience in developing countries.
Digital Last Planner System Whiteboard for Enabling Remote Collaborative Design Process Planning and Control
Authors: Pikas Ergo , Pedó Bárbara , Tezel Algan , Koskela Lauri , Veersoo Markus
Published: September 2022

The coronavirus outbreak forced design companies to consider how the flow of information and work processes could be managed in the context of remote design work. This research aims to put a digital Last Planner System (LPS) whiteboard to the test in support of remote collaborative design process planning and control and identify its benefits and challenges. The synergies between lean and digital practices were explored by developing solutions in two different case studies, one in the UK and the other in Estonia. Research results were interpreted, and the main lessons learned were articulated. The digital LPS whiteboard enabled and supported the remote planning and control of design projects and processes. The digital LPS whiteboard had the following process-related benefits, including, for example, increased transparency, understanding, engagement, flexibility, and continuous improvement. Challenges in the use of the digital whiteboard were generally due to an excess of information and meetings, the social limitations of virtual meetings, and a lack of relevant IT competencies. Recommendations for individuals interested in planning, developing, and testing a digital whiteboard for remote implementation of the LPS are made. Further research on the entangled nature of digital whiteboard functionality and LPS behaviors is needed.
Selection of Potential Sites for Promoting Small-Scale Irrigation across Mali Using Remote Sensing and GIS
Authors: Attia Ahmed , Qureshi Asad Sarwar , Kane Abdoulah M. , Alikhanov Bokhir , Kheir Ahmed M. S. , Ullah Hayat , Datta Avishek , Samasse Kaboro
Published: September 2022

Agricultural development across much of sub-Saharan Africa is constrained by the gap in knowledge on site suitability for sustainably expanding irrigable lands to new areas. This study aimed to identify the most suitable sites for promoting small-scale irrigation in Mali based on environmental and land use/land cover criteria. Six thematic layers were integrated to consider the water accessibility (distance from surface water and groundwater potential), soil, climate conditions, slope, and land use/land cover. Subjective scores and weights were assigned to each of the six layers, which were integrated to select the most suitable sites according to five categories ranging from ‘very high’ to ‘very low’. Results indicated that 641,448 ha of land have a very high potential for small-scale irrigation expansion: these are mostly located in the central Segou region (53% of the total very high potential sites across the country) and around the capital district, Bamako, in southern Koulikoro (38% of the total very high potential sites across the country). Sites ranked second as having high potential are also distributed in southern Segou, central Koulikoro, and the western Kayes and Mopti regions, totaling 20.8 Mha. Moderate potential sites are generally located in the northwestern and southern parts accounting for 37.8 Mha of the country, whereas low and very low potential sites are concentrated in the northern and eastern parts of the country over a total area of 65 Mha. The present study demonstrates the usefulness of remote sensing and GIS techniques in agricultural development planning at large-scale; similar methodologies can be applied in other sub-Saharan African countries.
Quantifying Osmotic Stress and Temperature Effects on Germination and Seedlings Growth of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) via Hydrothermal Time Model
Authors: Arshad Kiran , Ullah Abd , Ullah Sami , Bogari Hanin A. , Ashour Mohamed L. , Noor Javaria , Amin Fazal , Shah Sikandar
Published: September 2022

Germination models are really useful in predicting seed germination, attributed to their application in economic crop management. Hence, we evaluated cardinal temperatures (Ts), seed germination behavior, and model coefficients of fenugreek under varying temperatures (Ts; 10, 20, 30, and 40 °C) and water potentials (ψs 0, −0.01, −0.02, and −0.05 MPa). We observed that the maximum and minimum hydrotime constant (θH) values at 20 °C, respectively. The base water potential at 50 percentiles (Ψb 50) exhibited an asymmetrical pattern with the highest (−0.9 MPa) value computed at 40 °C and the lowest (−0.13 MPa) at 10 °C. Furthermore, the ceiling temperature (TC), base temperature (Tb), and optimal temperature (To) of Fenugreek were determined to be 34.5 °C, 7.8 °C, and 18 °C, respectively. In addition, we observed that germination index, germination rate index, germination percentage, germination energy, Timson germination index, seed vigor index I and II, and root-shoot ratio are at their highest values at 20 °C and lowest at −0.05 MPa at 40 °C. Based on our findings, we suggest that the hydrothermal time model (HTT) can be used to explore the independent and synergistic effects of both T and ψ on the germination of seeds in different environmental conditions. The obtained model coefficients indicate that fenugreek is temperature-sensitive and suitable for agriculture in irrigated regions.
Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Hakka Traditional Villages in Fujian, Guangdong, and Jiangxi, China
Authors: Xie Guanhong , Zhou Yuchen , Liu Chunqing
Published: September 2022

Hakka traditional villages are an important segment of traditional Chinese villages. Analysis of the process of selection of a Hakka site can deepen our knowledge of Hakka culture. In this study, we selected Hakka traditional villages in Fujian, Guangdong, and Jiangxi provinces as research sites. We extracted basic data for these traditional villages using geographic information system coordinates, identified several potential influencing factors, and analyzed correlations among the factors using the R language. Finally, the degree of influence of each factor on the site selection of Hakka traditional villages in the study area was determined using a geographic probe to confirm the dominant factors. The results showed that Hakka traditional villages in Fujian, Guangdong, and Jiangxi had an overall significant clustered distribution. Distance to water, elevation, and vegetation richness were the dominant factors influencing the location of Hakka villages, while the interaction of multiple factors had a facilitating effect on the location of Hakka village foundations. This study utilized the observed distribution of Hakka villages in different regions and the differences between them resulting from the interaction of influencing factors, combined with data analysis, to provide a theoretical basis for the development and protection of Hakka traditional villages.
Modeling of Inhalation Health Risk of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Vicinity of Maptaphut Petroleum and Petrochemical Industrial Estate, Thailand
Authors: Malakan Wissawa , Thepanondh Sarawut , Kondo Akira
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this research was to explicate a human health risk assessment that can be employed with inhalation risk estimates to provide a screening level of risks. Model input parameters provide reasonable values with the site- and compound-specific values relied on by the Human Health Risk Assessment Protocol (HHRAP). This method uses a generic risk assessment, consisting of air dispersion and deposition modeling followed by risk modeling. An intensive evaluation was conducted in the surrounding area of the largest petroleum and petrochemical estate in Thailand, the Maptaphut industrial area, where a large volume of VOCs was emitted, with an increasing negative health impact on the local population. The potential inhalation health risk assessment showed that the lifetime cancer risk in all residential areas is higher than the health benchmarks. The highest cancer risk was 7.82 × 10−2 in children and 3.91 × 10−1 in adults. The inhalation effects are based on the specific emission rates, the united concentrations and deposition fluxes, and the emission phase. The results revealed that four VOCs (benzene, 1,3-butadiene, vinyl chloride, and 1,2-dichloroethane) should be given priority when controlling for sustainable health risk management through the comprehensive analysis of the integrated analysis of air dispersion and health risk mathematical models.
A Review on Sustainable Concrete with the Partially Substitutions of Silica Fume as a Cementitious Material
Authors: Ahmad Jawad , Abid Sallal R. , Arbili Mohamed Moafak , Majdi Ali , Hakamy A. , Deifalla Ahmed Farouk
Published: September 2022

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) uses a lot of natural resources, much like regular concrete, which results in unsustainable construction. Even though silica fume (SF) and other secondary cementitious materials are the subjects of a lot of studies, to determine the past, present, and future direction of research, information must first be reviewed. This paper compiles data on SSC with SF substations. Slump flow, slump T50, L-box, and V-funnel tests were used to investigate fresh SCC properties, such as filling and passing capabilities. Mechanical properties were examined using compressive, tensile, and flexure strength, while the durability characteristics of SCC were examined through water absorption, porosity, sorptivity, and chloride resistance. The internal structure of SCC, with and without SF, is reviewed through scan electronic microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that SF lacked the filling and passing ability of SCC, but is still within the limit defined by the technical specification for SCC. However, the study suggests a larger dosage of plasticizer for a higher dose of SF. Improvements in SCC’s strength and durability were also seen; however, greater doses had a negative impact on these attributes due to an absence of flowability. Researchers recommended the ideal SF dosage ranges from 10 to 15% by volume of cement. The assessment also reveals research gaps that need to be addressed.
Impact of Live Mulch-Based Conservation Tillage on Soil Properties and Productivity of Summer Maize in Indian Himalayas
Authors: Das Anup , Babu Subhash , Singh Raghavendra , Kumar Sanjeev , Rathore Sanjay Singh , Singh Vinod K. , Datta Mrinmoy , Yadav Sanjay K. , Wani Owais Ali , Yadav Devideen
Published: September 2022

Food security and soil sustainability are the prime challenges to researchers and policy planners across the globe. The task is much more daunting in the fragile ecosystem of the Eastern Himalayan region of India. Soil disturbance from conventional tillage reduces soil productivity and is not sustainable and environmentally friendly. Conservation tillage is regarded as the best crop production practice in the Indian Himalayas, where soil is very easily erodible. Zero tillage alone encourages the growth of different species of weed flora in fragile hill ecosystems. However, live mulching of a pulse crop under zero tillage may be a very beneficial practice, as it aids several soil quality benefits and promotes root proliferation with good crop harvest. Hence, a field investigation was carried out for 3 consecutive years to assess the impact of live mulch-based conservation tillage on soil properties and productivity of summer maize. Five tillage practices, viz. no-till (NT), NT and cowpea coculture live mulch (CLM), minimum tillage (MT), MT+CLM, and conventional tillage (CT), were assessed in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results revealed that continuous adoption of MT+CLM had the lowest bulk density (1.31 and 1.37 Mg m−3) and maximum water holding capacity (48.49% and 43.1%) and moisture content (22.4% and 25%) at 0–10 and 10–20 cm soil layers, respectively, after 3 years. The infiltration rate (2.35 mm min−1) was also maximum under MT+CLM, followed by NT+CLM. MT+LMC had 13.8 and 27.15% higher available nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, than CT at 0–10 cm soil depth. The MT+CLM gave a significantly higher maize grain yield (2.63 Mg ha−1), followed by NT+CLM (2.63 Mg ha−1) over the others. A cowpea green pod yield of 1.65 Mg ha−1 was also obtained from the legume coculture. Thus, the study found that live mulch of cowpea under MT/NT improved soil quality and subsequently led to greater productivity of summer maize in the Himalayan region of India.
A Tale of Two Urgent Food System Challenges: Comparative Analysis of Approaches to Reduce High-Meat Diets and Wasted Food as Covered in U.S. Newspapers
Authors: Fry Jillian P. , Stodden Brittany , Brace Andrea M. , Laestadius Linnea I.
Published: September 2022

To improve food system sustainability, it is critical to reduce food loss and waste (FLW) and shift away from high-meat diets. We conducted a qualitative content analysis of 238 newspaper articles (2018–2020) to compare media framing and stakeholder involvement. For both issues, newspaper coverage often called for individual-level behavior change. Coverage of how consumers can reduce FLW was more detailed compared to diet change and portrayed numerous organizations and government agencies working in partnerships to reduce FLW. Coverage of diet change efforts portrayed substantial disagreement, including legislative efforts to restrict labeling of alternative meat and dairy products. Journalists covering new evidence on the need to shift diets for sustainability often quoted both the lead researcher and an opponent with ties to the livestock industry. Inclusion of “both sides” was similar to previous media coverage that presented climate change as an open debate for years. Strong scientific evidence shows the need to address both FLW and diet shifts to improve interconnected environmental and human health outcomes, and our analysis of media coverage shows important differences regarding how these two issues are covered in the media and approached by stakeholders in the U.S. These results can inform communication with consumers, journalists, and policymakers to more effectively translate evidence into solutions, especially at the organizational and policy levels.
A Flashforward to Today Made in the Past: Evaluating 25-Year-Old Projections of Precipitation and Temperature over West Africa
Authors: Gaba O. U. Charlene , Gaba Yae Ulrich , Diekkrüger Bernd
Published: September 2022

While scientists generally generate new projections with the newest models, the paper suggested the use of past projections as a different approach which could be explored and then complement classical approaches. With the idea that today is yesterday’s future, a set of past Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) climate projections (first-AR1, second-AR2 and third-AR3 assessment reports) were compared to gauge-based observations of the last three decades (1990–2016). Why would someone need to check previous models and scenarios when the new ones are currently available? Some in-depth discussion points were raised to answer that question. Monthly and annual precipitation and temperatures were analyzed over West Africa, divided into 3 climatic sub-regions. The results revealed that observed differences are greater at higher latitudes and are strongly scenario dependent. The Business-as-Usual scenario (few or no steps are taken to limit greenhouse gas emissions) appeared to be closest to the observations. The AR1 projections were shown to be disconnected from the observations. AR2 exhibited the best performance, and AR3 presented higher uncertainties in the northern areas. The relative importance and potential implications of the differences between projections and observations on society were appreciated with regard to certain climate and weather-related factors that could greatly influence sustainable development in the region, such as water resources management, agriculture practices and yields, health conditions, and fishery management. Finally, some recommendations to policy and decision makers were given as well as further research topics for the scientific community.
Impact of Heterogeneous Spatial Structure on Regional Innovation—From the Perspectives of Efficiency and Gap
Authors: Ye Zi , Zou Chen , Huang Yongchun
Published: September 2022

Reasonable spatial system distribution is the prerequisite for the optimization of resource and spatial allocation and the coordinated development of the regional economy. Therefore, correctly identifying the impact of different types of spatial structures on scientific and technological innovation is an important way to promote the rational layout of regional spatial structures and enhance the strength of regional scientific and technological innovation. Based on the theory of regional spatial structure and panel data of 26 provinces and autonomous regions in China from 2005 to 2019, this paper tested the impact of regional spatial structure on innovation efficiency and gap by constructing the regional spatial structure index, the innovation efficiency index, and the innovation gap index. The research results show that: First, the agglomeration effect produced by a single-center spatial structure is conducive to improving the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation, whereas the spillover effect generated by a multi-center spatial structure is more favorable for narrowing the gap in scientific and technological innovation. Second, the single-center spatial structure is more suitable for provinces and cities in the western region with relatively low levels of economic development, whereas the multi-center spatial structure is more beneficial to the achievement of innovative and high-quality development in the eastern region. Third, the moderating effect analysis shows that with an increase in cultural diversity and inter-city distance, the partial effects of the single-center spatial structure on innovation efficiency present an “N” shape and an “inverted-U” shape, respectively, whereas the partial effects of the multi-center spatial structure on the innovation gap exhibit “inverted-U” shapes. This research not only provides theoretical support for the impact of regional spatial structure on innovation efficiency and gap but also offers empirical evidence for future regional development path choices.
The Nexus between Sustainable Behaviour of Tourists from Generation Z and the Factors That Influence the Protection of Environmental Quality
Authors: Butnaru Gina Ionela , Niţă Valentin , Melinte Cristiana , Anichiti Alexandru , Brînză Geanina
Published: September 2022

In a context in which tourism is considered to favour the degradation of the environment, it is important to promote forms of travel with low environmental impact. Globally, studies have shown a good understanding and increased receptivity to the practice of sustainable forms of travel among tourists. Therefore, this study proposes an analysis of the nexus between sustainable behaviour of tourists from Generation Z and the factors that influence the protection of environmental quality. The research methodology included the development and application of a questionnaire on a sample of 492 tourists belonging to Generation Z, with travel experience. The results showed nexus among the analysed factors and the Cronbach Alpha score for the latent variables: cultural factors (α = 0.769), personal factors (α = 0.829), psychological factors (α = 0.809), technological factors (α = 0.800), sustainable behaviour of young tourists (α = 0.910), social factors (α = 0.857) and conservation of the environmental quality (α = 0.906). The hypothesis regarding the testing of tourists’ sustainable behaviour in nexus with the protection of the environment quality was confirmed, even if the results of testing the nexus between the social factors and sustainable behaviour of Generation Z Romanian tourists could not be considered statistically significant. However, the study represents a contribution to the literature in a field concerned with this aspect of sustainability and interest, which is constantly growing, and for which, at least until now, there have been no studies in the literature pertaining to Romanian space.
Digital Optimization, Green R&D Collaboration, and Green Technological Innovation in Manufacturing Enterprises
Authors: Li Changchun , Wang Sen
Published: September 2022

Manufacturing enterprises are confronted with the historic opportunity and challenge of balancing green transformation with economic development to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. Some advanced companies are increasingly pursuing green development and innovation by expanding and optimizing the use of digital technology. In this study, we employ Chinese listed manufacturing companies from 2013–2019 as the research sample and examine the mechanism by which corporate digital optimization affects green technological innovation, as well as the mediating role of green R&D collaboration between the two. We also introduce external environmental orientation as a moderating variable. The results of fixed-effect Poisson model analysis are as follows. First, a positive correlation between digital optimization and green R&D collaboration indicates that scaling up digital optimization promotes green R&D collaboration. Second, we observe an inverted U-shaped relationship between green R&D collaboration and green technological innovation. Third, green R&D collaboration acts as a mediating factor between digital optimization and green technological innovation, and external environmental orientation moderates the relationship between digital optimization and green R&D collaboration. Fourth, the threshold effect results indicate that the optimal value of digital optimization projects is 10.167, with too many or too few projects impairing the effect of digital optimization on green technological innovation. All of the above results passed the robustness test.
Mainstreaming Ecosystem Services from Indonesia’s Remaining Forests
Authors: Nugroho Hunggul Yudono Setio Hadi , Nurfatriani Fitri , Indrajaya Yonky , Yuwati Tri Wira , Ekawati Sulistya , Salminah Mimi , Gunawan Hendra , Subarudi Subarudi , Sallata Markus Kudeng , Allo Merryana Kiding , Muin Nurhaedah , Isnan Wahyudi , Putri Indra Ardie Surya Liannawatty Purnamawan , Prayudyaningsih Retno , Ansari Fajri , Siarudin Mohamad , Setiawan Ogi , Baral Himlal
Published: September 2022

With 120 million hectares of forest area, Indonesia has the third largest area of biodiversity-rich tropical forests in the world, and it is well-known as a mega-biodiversity country. However, in 2020, only 70 percent of this area remained forested. The government has consistently undertaken corrective actions to achieve Sustainable Development Goal targets, with a special focus on Goals #1 (no poverty), #2 (zero hunger), #3 (good health and well-being), #7 (affordable and clean energy), #8 (decent work and economic growth), #13 (climate action), and #15 (life on land). Good environmental governance is a core concept in Indonesia’s forest management and includes mainstreaming ecosystem services as a framework for sustainable forest management. This paper analyzes efforts to mainstream Indonesia’s remaining forest ecosystem services. We review the state of Indonesia’s forests in relation to deforestation dynamics, climate change, and ecosystem service potential and options and provide recommendations for mainstreaming strategies regarding aspects of policy, planning, and implementation, as well as the process of the articulation of ecosystem services and their alternative funding.
Monkeypox and other zoonotic poxviruses
Authors: AZKUR Ahmet Kürşat , AKSOY Emel , AKDİŞ Cezmi
Published: September 2022

Poxviruses have caused the most important diseases for humanity for a long time. An important triumph was achieved with the eradication of smallpox, defined by the World Health Organization in 1979. Poxviruses include significant agents that cause important animal diseases that are non-zoonotic and zoonotic. While humanity has been battling COVID-19, a new battle against monkeypox has recently emerged due to an increase in case numbers and the outbreak's global spread. The other points of the 2022 monkeypox outbreak that make it more serious than previous outbreaks are severe clinical outcomes such as encephalitis and death, and also the higher transmission rate, which occurs at approximately 99% in men, especially those who have sex with men. The 2022 monkeypox virus outbreak has focused public and scientific attention on poxviruses and potential bioterrorism risks posed by poxviruses. Therefore, it is aimed at writing a review that compiles information about monkeypox, cowpox, vaccinia, bovine papular stomatitis, orf, pseudocowpox, gray seal pox, and red deerpox viruses.
Lead and Strontium Isotopic Study of Igneous Rocks and Ores, Gold Hill District, Utah
Authors: Stacey J. S. , Zartman R. E.
Published: September 2022

A multistage model is presented to account for the different lead isotopic compositons of the northern and southern parts of the Gold Hill stock. The stock was found actually to be two bodies of different ages - Oligocene in the north (38 m. y.) and Jurassic in the south (152 m.y.). Initial 87 Sri 86 Sr ratios computed from measurements made on the intrusive rocks are 0.715 ± 0.001 for the north and 0.709 ± 0.001 for the south. Lead in the northern intrusion at Gold Hill and 100 km eastwards in the Oquirrh Mountains region is shown by the model to have originated in an Archean upper crustal environment (determined 11 =238U1204Pb ;::;::: 12) from 2.7 b.y. to 1.65 b.y. ago. Subsequently, this lead was incorporated in 1.65 b.y. lower crust and subjected to granulite or higher rank metamorphism (determined 11 ;::;::: 4 to 7), and remained there until being remobilized in the Oligocene by plutonic activity. The ore and feldspar lead in the southern intrusion at Gold Hill, however, seems to have remained in upper crustal environments (11 ;::;::: 12) continuously since 2.7 b.y. ago (e.g., there was no high rank metamorphism of this material in the Precambrian) until being remobilized in Jurassic time. By implication, this must apply to much of the miogeosynclinal material of similar lead isotopic composition found westwards in Nevada.
Trimetazidine as a Modifier of Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiovascular Redox-Homeostasis Disturbances
Authors: Авагимян А.А. , Хешмат-Гахдарижани К. , Кактурский Л.В.
Published: September 2022

Введение. Настоящее исследование направлено на изучение прооксидантного потенциала доксорубицин-циклофосфамидного режима химиотерапии наряду с оценкой возможностей антирадикальной защиты триметазидина.Цель. Оценить прорадикальное воздействие АС-режима химиотерапии на миокард наряду с обоснованием применения триметазидина.Материалы и методы. С целью проведения настоящей экспериментальной работы 80 половозрелых инбредных крыс линии Wistar были рандомным образом разделены на четыре равные группы. Модель индуцированного СПОЛ-ассоциированного повреждения миокарда была получена при одновременном применении доксорубицина и циклофосфамида. В качестве потенциального стабилизатора редокс-гомеостаза был использован триметазидин.Результаты. Определены и оценены маркеры окислительно-восстановительного баланса. Полученные данные подтвердили эффективность применения триметазидина как модификатора СПОЛ-индуцированного повреждения сердца и сосудов развившегося на фоне АС-режима химиотерапии.Выводы: 1. АС-режим химиотерапии оказывает СПОЛ-стимулирующее и антиоксидант-лимитирующее воздействие. 2. Триметазидин обеспечивает статистически достоверную нормализацию окислительно-восстановительного гомеостаза миокарда.

Introduction. Our research was determined to investigate the Adriamycin + Cyclophos- phamide (AC)-mode of chemotherapy-related disturbances of cardiovascular (CV) ho- meostasis, and possibility of trimetazidine (TMZ)-induced cardioprotection.Purpose. Assess oxidative state of myocardium during AC-mode of chemotherapy ad- ministration, and justification of trimetazidine prescription among under-treatment and post-treatment cancer patient.Materials and methods. For this study, 80 inbred Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal experimental groups. A model of lipid peroxidation (LPO)-induced myocardial injury, was attained via doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide co-administration. Trimetazi- dine was used as a probable limiter of heart and vessels morpho-functional homeostasis aggravations.Results. The markers of redox-balance, were determined and assessed. The data obtained showed that this TMZ modified the intensification of lipid peroxidation.Conclusions: 1. AC-mode of chemotherapy has LPO-stimulating and antioxidant-limiting impact. 2. TMZ provide statistically significant and valuable normalization of redox-ho- meostasis.
Fırat Üniversitesi Yerleşkesi Ulaşım Ağının Yaya Öncelikli Planlama ve Tasarım Kriterleri Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÇETİNKAYA ÖZKAN Esra
Published: September 2022

Üniversite yerleşkeleri ulaşım ağı; eğitim-öğretim ve sosyal-kültürel faaliyetlerin gerçekleştiği mekânsal kullanımları birbirine bağlayan yaya, bisiklet ve araçların kullanımına imkân veren fiziksel sistemlerdir. Çalışmada yaya öncelikli ulaşım ağının planlama ve tasarım kriterlerine göre Fırat Üniversitesi Yerleşkesi’nin görselliği, işlevselliği ve yeterliliği değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirilen planlama ve tasarım kriterleri; güvenlik, erişilebilirlik, trafik-yönlendirme levhaları, yavaş trafik hızı, hız kesici, otopark, kaldırım, bisiklet yolu, otobüs durağı, yaya geçidi, drenaj, zemin döşemesi, donatı elamanları, aydınlatma, sanatsal öğeler, gölgeleme, bitkisel eleman, eğim, bakım ve temizliktir. Belirtilen kriterler, doğrudan gözlem yöntemi ile elde edilen nitel veriler ve sayma tekniği ile elde edilen nicel veriler doğrultusunda değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, yerleşke ulaşım ağının bazı kriterler açısından yaya öncelikli olmadığı saptanmıştır. Tespit edilen olumsuzluklar ile ilgili iyileştirme çalışmalarının gerektiği sonucuna varılmış ve bazı çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur.
Film Yorumları Kullanılarak Önerilen Yapay Zekâ Tabanlı Yöntemle Duygu Analizinin Gerçekleştirilmesi
Authors: YILDIRIM Muhammed
Published: September 2022

Gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte sosyal medya, forum siteleri ve bloklar yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. İnsanlar artık bu mecraları çok yaygın bir şekilde kullanmakta olup duygu ve düşüncelerini bu ortamlarda paylaşmaktadırlar. Bundan dolayı doğal dil işleme uygulamaları her geçen gün daha popüler bir konu haline gelmeye başlamıştır. Doğal dil işlemedeki en popüler konulardan birisi duygu analizidir. Duygu analizinde belirli kriterlere göre incelemeler yapılarak öznel bilgilerin çıkarılması sağlanmaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışmada duygu analizi yapmak için IMDB veri seti kullanılmıştır. IMDB veri seti, film yorumlarından oluşan bu konudaki en büyük veri setlerinden biridir. Bu veri seti kullanıcıların filmler hakkında ki yorumlarını içermektedir. Çalışmada, öncelikle veri önişleme adımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Daha sonra hazırlanan veri seti klasik makine öğrenmesi sınıflandırıcılarında ve önerilen Evrişimsel Sinir Ağı ( ESA) tabanlı modelde sınıflandırılmıştır. Önerilen ESA tabanlı model IMDB veri setindeki metinleri analiz etme işleminde klasik makine öğrenmesi sınıflandırıcılarından daha başarılı olmuştur ve önerilen derin model %85.57 oranında bir doğruluk değeri elde etmiştir.
LEXICO-PHRASEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE DIALECT OF TRISKYNI VILLAGE, SARNY RAION, RIVNE OBLAST
Authors: Koloiz Zh.
Published: September 2022

The article actualizes the idea of the importance of comprehensive and meticulous study of the dialect language peculiarities in general and subdialect language in particular. Lexical and phraseological features of the subdialect of Triskyni village (Sarny raion, Rivne oblast) are studied.
Some hypotheses are made about the origin of this village name and the discussion issues concerning the inclusion of the subdialect in one of the three traditional groups are outlined.
The main emphasis is on the systematization of generalized names of substantial objects, which: a) create the conceptual center of nominative units; b) are distinguished by the largest semantic content; c) are used as components of phraseology. Vocabulary is differentiated to denote the realities of animate and inanimate nature. Within the first group the names of persons, representatives of fauna and flora are considered. The specific features of subdialect names of inanimate objects are revealed throughout the analysis of the following main thematic groups: 1) names of clothes, shoes, jewelry etc.; 2) names of dishes and drinks, food, as well as utensils in which they are prepared; 3) names of house buildings, their parts, household items; 4) names of farm buildings, their parts, tools.
First of all, the article studies dialectisms, that have obvious subdialect lexical and phraseological features and that differ from the common ones either in the form or content. The collected material is characterized as lexical units: a) which root morphemes are absent in literary language; b) which root morphemes are accompanied by formants that are different from literary language; c) that look similar to the words of literary language, are semantically identical to them, but differ phonetically.