bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Voces emergentes: Percepciones sobre la calidad de vida urbana en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Ramírez Ignacio , Juan Ellis J. , Soulier Faure Martin , Terraza Horacio , Deregibus Bernardo , Schwint Alejandra , Moscoso Guido
Published: March 2024

Esta publicación es el resultado de la compilación y la estandarización de 30 encuestas de opinión pública llevadas a cabo de 2011 a 2014 en diferentes ciudades intermedias y megaciudades de América Latina y el Caribe, como resultado de la implementación de Iniciativa Ciudades Emergentes y Sostenibles (ICES). En las 26.000 encuestas individuales se expresan las voces y las opiniones de casi 85.000.000 de latinoamericanos y caribeños, que constituyen un 17% de la población urbana de la región.
El Rol de las Políticas de Salvaguardias del BID en la Promoción de Infraestructura Sostenible
Authors: Georgoulias Andreas , Arrasate María Ignacia
Published: March 2024

Este informe investiga los beneficios, productos y efectividad de las políticas de Salvaguardias ambientales y sociales del BID. En un esfuerzo por identificar cómo y de qué manera contribuyen las políticas de Salvaguardias en proyectos de infraestructura sostenible, se llevó a cabo un análisis comparativo entre laspolíticas del BID y el Sistema de Calificación Envision para Infraestructura Sostenible. Más aún, un detallado análisis de nueve proyectos financiados por el BID ilustra cómo la aplicación de Salvaguardias ha impactado el desempeño sostenible en la práctica, así como el rol de los especialistas en la utilización del marco de las Salvaguardias para facilitar mejorías en materia de sostenibilidad.
Évaluation des systèmes de pompage d'eau: Manuel de maintenance
Authors: Rosas Ramón , Pedraza Arturo
Published: March 2024

Afin d'accroître et d'améliorer l'approvisionnement en eau potable dans les pays d'Amérique latine et des Caraïbes, l'Initiative pour l'énergie durable et le changement climatique (SECCI) de la Banque interaméricaine de développement (BID) a financé l'élaboration d'une méthodologie régionale visant à améliorer l'efficacité énergétique et la maintenance des compagnies des eaux dans le cadre de la coopération technique de la BID « Energy Efficiency for Caribbean Water and Sanitation Companies » (Efficacité énergétique pour les compagnies des eaux et d'assainissement des Caraïbes). Cette méthodologie, élaborée par les cabinets de consultants Econoler International et Alliance to Save Energy, se concentre principalement sur le rendement électromécanique des systèmes de pompage dans les Caraïbes. La présente publication est un manuel de maintenance.
Avaliação de sistemas de bombeamento de água: Manual de eficiência energética
Authors: Rosas Ramón , Pedraza Arturo
Published: March 2024

Como parte de sua cooperação técnica Eficiência Energética em Empresas de Água e Saneamento no Caribe, a Iniciativa de Energia Sustentável e Mudança Climática (SECCI, da sigla em inglês) do Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento (BID) financiou o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia regional para melhorar a eficiência energética e a manutenção de empresas fornecedoras de serviço de água nos países da América Latina e do Caribe. Essa metodologia, desenvolvida pelas firmas de consultoria Econoler International e a Alliance to Save Energy, enfoca principalmente a eficiência eletromecânica dos sistemas de bombeamento de água no Caribe. Esta publicação apresenta o manual de avaliação de eficiência energética.
Intervention and Policy Options for Combating Malnutrition in Guatemala
Authors: Martorell Reynaldo
Published: March 2024

Guatemala is facing a health paradox. On the one hand, chronic child malnutrition rates are worse than those in Africa, and are quadruple the average rates for Latin America. On the other hand, obesity and overweight affect half of the country's women, and anemia has also increased at an alarming rate. The study addresses the topic of malnutrition in an innovative and pragmatic way and provides key recommendations for implementing much-needed nutrition interventions in Guatemala. Dietary deficiencies and low breastfeeding rates are limiting children's developmental potential in Guatemala and negatively affecting quality of life and opportunities for the country's population.
The Aftermath of the Crisis: Policy Lessons and Challenges Ahead for Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Talvi Ernesto , Izquierdo Alejandro
Published: March 2024

In the aftermath of the direst global crisis in recent times, Latin America and the Caribbean have shown remarkable resilience. The aim of this report is threefold: first, to understand the sources of this resilience, identifying the role played by unprecedented international financial support on the one hand, and the strength of domestic macroeconomic fundamentals on the other; second, to highlight the policy lessons that emerge from this analysis both for the region and the international financial community; and finally, to identify critical macroeconomic policy challenges for the region.
How Accurate is Our Misinformation?: A Randomized Trial to Assess the Cost-Effectiveness of Administering Alternative Survey Modes to Youth at Risk: Dominican Republic Case Study
Authors: Vivo Sigrid , McCoy Sandra , Muñoz Rodrigo , López-Peña Paula
Published: March 2024

The study reports on a randomized trial of 1,200 young adults enrolled in an employment training program, to determine the most cost-effective and appropriate interview mode for measuring youth risk behaviors. Four different survey administration modes -two interviewer-assisted (FTFI and CATI) and two self-administered modes (SAI and ACASI)-were randomly assigned. The authors have centered the study on the question of cost-effectiveness -actual implementation costs and estimates of measurement bias- and the randomization of interviewer gender in order to assess the interaction between gender and data quality. The research shows that the target population is likely to underreport sensitive questions in self-administered surveys, and thus the degree to which a mode improves self-reporting of a particular risk behavior or set of behaviors is likely to be context specific.
Insecurity, Health, and Well-Being: An Initial Exploration Based on Happiness Surveys
Authors: Chaparro Juan Camilo , Graham Carol
Published: March 2024

Crime and insecurity are increasingly common features of life in Latin America and the Caribbean, particularly in urban areas. Victimization rates in the region are the highest in the world, with the exception of Sub-Saharan Africa. This publication explores how victimization and perceptions of insecurity affect well-being and health in Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as how adaptation mediates those effects.
LAC Investment in China: A New Chapter in Latin America and the Caribbean-China Relations
Authors: Kahn Theodore , Mesquita Moreira Mauricio , Estevadeordal Antoni
Published: March 2024

This current study considers a large sample of LAC firms and analyzes in more detail how their strategies follow distinct patterns in different sectors. In doing so, we shed new light on how firms in the region have come to establish themselves in the Chinese market and draw policy recommendations for supporting private sector initiatives to penetrate the Chinese market. This report takes one step further in trying to fill a gap in our understanding of a potentially important avenue for achieving a more balanced LAC-China economic relationship. It proceeds as follows. Part I gives a brief macro overview of LAC-China trade and investment. The following section analyzes the presence of Latin American firms in China using an original dataset of 98 firms from the region and presents a typology of internationalization strategies employed. To conclude, Part III offers policy recommendations for supporting the private sector's efforts to enter the Chinese market, and area of increasing interest among LAC governments.
Trade and Integration Monitor 2014: Facing Headwinds: Policies to Support a Trade Recovery in the Post-Crisis Era
Authors: Ramos Martínez Alejandro , Giordano Paolo
Published: March 2024

This report provides a detailed analysis of the principal characteristics of LAC's exports during the post-crisis period. The weak performance of the export sector stems from a combination of multiple variables operating in the global economy and whose future remains uncertain. In any case, the trends identified in this analysis represent a warning for the region and emphasize the need to support the recovery of the export sector. This is particularly true in the area of trade policies, where measures to remedy the situation do not rise to the magnitude of the challenges. The first section examines the principal characteristics of the slowdown in world and regional trade since the middle of 2011. The second section provides an overview of the region's trade performance between 2012 and 2013, as well as the trends in value and composition of the regional export basket in 2013, highlighting the key factors in each subregion and country. Additionally, it presents an analysis of the evolution of the terms of trade of the region, outlining the deterioration of the last two years, as well as the contributions of price and volume changes to the trajectory of foreign sales. The third section discusses recent developments in the trade policy sphere, with emphasis on the progress of multilateral and regional agreements on trade facilitation.
Colombia Toward a High-Income Country with Social Mobility
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This document is an edited synthesis of the Strategy of the Inter-American Development Bank with Colombia 2015-2018.
Port of Manzanillo: Climate Risk Management (Final Report)
Authors: Carr Christopher ,   Inter American Investment Corporation, Rivero Alvaro , Olivera Marcelo , Canevari Laura , Barandiarán Melissa , Crotte Alvarado Amado , Pascual Joana , Monter Flores Ernesto , Ramírez Gmelina , Becker Austin , Ramírez Efrén , Washington Richard , Wright Stewart , Stenek Vladimir , Saucedo Eduardo , Connell Richenda , Ugarte Guadalupe , Morgan Will , Martínez-Molina Juan-Pablo , Coleby Chris , Larson Robert , Robertson John N. , Cerezo Antonio
Published: March 2024

The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) has partnered with API Manzanillo on a Technical Cooperation to promote sustainability practices at the port. Recognizing the potential significance of climate change to ports,this Technical Cooperation includes the preparation of a study to assess climate-related risks and opportunities for the Port of Manzanillo, and to develop an Adaptation Plan. The study aims to help build the capacity of the Port of Manzanillo to respond to potential challenges generated by climate variability and climate change and to foster associated opportunities stemming from early action and adaptation responses.
Transforming Business Relationships: Inclusive Business in Latin America
Authors: Peinado-Vara Estrella , van Haeringen Reintje , López Fernanda , Segovia José Luis , Otsuka Nobuyuki , Torà Carod Laura , Palacios Anabella , Fernández Xoán , Pavez Karime , Ventocilla Maria Claudia , Rodríguez Juan Carlos , Zimbrick Ana , Garrett Julio
Published: March 2024

This report uses qualitative methodologies to investigate the extent to which inclusive business initiatives can make a substantial contribution to improving the living conditions of the poor while at the same time providing companies with enough incentives to scale up such initiatives. The report examines three questions: (1) Is there a business case for different IB models -for the company as well as for the communities involved- that expresses the value generated for both parties? (2) What does "inclusiveness" in such models look like and how can it be assessed? (3) What conditions need to be in place to achieve IB results, and how can they be sustained and taken to scale? During a first stage, desk research of over 150 inclusive business cases mapped at the global level using publications from between 2005 and 2010 informed the creation of a hypothesis as well as the identification of generalizable guidelines and lessons learned. In a second stage, 27 Latin American cases -either projects led by the Multilateral Investment Fund, a member of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB-MIF) or initiatives led by the international not for profit organization SNV- were selected to conduct ethnographic studies of the beneficiaries of these projects, plus in-depth interviews with representatives of the anchor companies.
The Incorporation of Electric Cars in Latin America
Authors: Gómez Gélvez Julian , Kaul Veerender , Mojica Carlos , Isla Lorena
Published: March 2024

This document discusses challenges, costs and benefits of the incorporation of electric cars in Latin America and the policies available in the region.
Natural Capital and Roads: Managing Dependencies and Impacts on Ecosystem Services for Sustainable Road Investments
Authors: Rauer Elizabeth , Goldstein Josh , Acevedo-Daunas Rafael M. , Peterson Victoria , Griffin Rob , Mandle Lisa , Camhi Ashley , Lemay Michele H.
Published: March 2024

Natural Capital & Roads: Managing dependencies and impacts on ecosystem services for sustainable road investments provides an introduction to incorpo­rating ecosystem services into road design and development. It is intended to help transportation specialists and road engineers at the Inter-American Development Bank as well as others planning and building roads to identify, prioritize, and proactively manage the impacts the environment has on roads and the impacts roads have on the environment. This document provides practical examples of how natural capital thinking has been useful to road development in the past, and how ecosystem services can be incorporated into future road projects.
Sports for Development
Authors: Scartascini Carlos , Jaitman Laura
Published: March 2024

The IDB has been supporting Sports-for-Development (SFD) initiatives in Latin America and the Caribbean since 2004. This document reviews IDB-sponsored initiatives in 18 countries to shed light on what works and doesn’t work. Given the importance of designing programs right to avoid unintended consequences, increasing data collection and analysis is crucial. This monograph is a contribution to that effort.
The Next Global Breadbasket: How Latin America Can Feed the World: A Call to Action for Addressing Challenges & Developing Solutions
Authors: Zeigler Margaret , Truitt Nakata Ginya
Published: March 2024

The Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region has a third of the world's fresh water resources, and more than a quarter of the world's medium to high potential farmland. The region as a whole is already the largest net food exporting region in the world, and it still has achieved only a small fraction of its potential to expand agricultural production for regional consumption and global export. The essential building blocks for massive and sustainable agricultural growth are already in place. But in order for the entire LAC region to deliver on its enormous agricultural potential, many 'moving parts' will have to be brought into harmony. How to do that is the subject of this report. Drawing on the knowledge and experience of over 30 partners, including the private sector, academia, multilaterals, and NGOs, this policy paper offers a compelling multi-stakeholder set of issues, recommendations and action items for governments and policy makers, the donor community, farmers, agribusiness, and civil society aimed at supporting global food security.
Managing Environmental and Social Risks: A Roadmap for National Development Banks in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Nolet Gijs , Braly-Cartillier Isabelle , De Bruijn Matthijs , Vosmer Willem
Published: March 2024

National development banks (NDBs) play a unique role in promoting sustainability. Due to their public mandate and contribution to the local credit markets, NDBs in the Latin American and Caribbean region are well positioned to support sustainable and low-carbon investments, and they can also effectively leverage private capital for these public goods. Many NDBs in the region have acted as pioneers in promoting sustainability in their respective countries. This publication presents reasons and incentives for financial institutions and, in particular, NDB's to implement environmental and socials risks management systems. It also presents key success factors and practical recommendations for NDBs willing to design and implement this type of framework.
The Orange Economy: An Infinite Opportunity
Authors: Buitrago Restrepo Pedro Felipe , Duque Márquez Iván
Published: March 2024

This manual has been designed and written with the purpose of introducing key concepts and areas of debate around the "creative economy", a valuable development opportunity that Latin America, the Caribbean and the world at large cannot afford to miss. The creative economy, which we call the "Orange Economy" in this book (you'll see why), encompasses the immense wealth of talent, intellectual property, interconnectedness, and, of course, cultural heritage of the Latin American and Caribbean region (and indeed, every region). At the end of this manual, you will have the knowledge base necessary to understand and explain what the Orange Economy is and why it is so important. You will also acquire the analytical tools needed to take better advantage of opportunities across the arts, heritage, media, and creative services.
Fortaleciendo el sector académico para reducir los siniestros de tránsito en América Latina: Investigaciones y casos de estudio en seguridad vial
Authors: Pinto Ayala Ana María , Rodríguez Manuel , De la Peña Mendoza Sissi Maribel , Da Costa Rafael Cesar , Café Eduardo , Taddia Alejandro Pablo , Saucedo Rubén , Viegas Michelle
Published: March 2024

En esta monografía se presentan los tres casos de estudios finalistas del primer concurso de casos de estudio. El primer estudio, Uso de recursos de visualización 3D y simulador de manejo virtual para apoyo a los estudios sobre seguridad en ruta, trata del uso de simuladores de conducción para mejora de la seguridad vial. El segundo estudio, Herramientas para el reconocimiento de los factores que causan los accidentes de tráfico: estudio de caso en Brasil, propone una herramienta práctica para la recolección de datos a fin de tener en forma unificada los elementos precisos de los siniestros. Finalmente, el tercer artículo, Modelos de localización para el mejoramiento de la atención pre hospitalaria de accidentes de tránsito en Medellín, aplica un modelo para encontrar la cantidad óptima de ambulancias que necesita el sistema de emergencias de la ciudad de Medellín por franja horaria. Esta monografía es una iniciativa innovadora que atestigua el carácter multidisciplinario de las instituciones académicas, de su vocación y de la vinculación entre las mismas y la comunidad.
Nonparametric Regression Analysis of BE4DBE2 Relationship with n and z Variables using Naive Bayes and SVM Classification on Nuclear Data
Authors: Siagian Ruben Cornelius
Published: March 2024

This research article describes several analyses of nuclear data using various statistical methods. The first analysis uses linear regression to investigate the relationship between the independent variables (n and z) and the response variable (BE4DBE2). The second analysis uses a nonparametric regression model to overcome the assumptions of normality and linearity in the data. The third analysis uses the Naive Bayes method to classify nuclear data based on variables n and z. The fourth analysis uses a decision tree to classify nuclear data based on the same variables. Finally, the article describes an SVM analysis and a K-means analysis to classify and group nuclide data. The article presents clear and organized descriptions of each analysis, including visual representations of the results. The findings of each analysis are discussed, providing valuable insights into the relationships between the variables and the response variable. The article demonstrates the usefulness of statistical methods in analyzing nuclear data.
Forecasting Of Intensive Care Unit Patient Heart Rate Using Long Short-Term Memory
Authors: Firdaus Firdaus , Fachrurrozi Muhammad , Nurmaini Siti , Tutuko Bambang , Rachmatullah Muhammad Naufal , Darmawahyuni Annisa , Sapitri Ade Iriani , Islami Anggun , Maharani Masayu Nadila , Putra Bayu Wijaya
Published: March 2024

Cardiac arrest remains a critical concern in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), with alarmingly low survival rates. Early prediction of cardiac arrest is challenging due to the complexity of patient data and the temporal nature of ICU care. To address this challenge, we explore the use of Deep Learning (DL) models, specifically Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM), and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), for forecasting ICU patient heart rates. We utilize a dataset extracted from the MIMIC III database, which poses the typical challenges of irregular time series data and missing values. Our research encompasses a comprehensive methodology, including data preprocessing, model development, and performance evaluation. Data preprocessing involves regularizing and imputing missing values, as well as data normalization. The dataset is partitioned into training, testing, and validation sets to facilitate model training and evaluation. Fine-tuning of hyperparameters is conducted to optimize each DL architecture's performance. Our results reveal that the GRU architecture consistently outperforms LSTM and BiLSTM in predicting heart rates, achieving the lowest RMSE and MAE values. The findings underscore the potential of DL models, particularly GRU, in enhancing the early detection of cardiac events in ICU patients.
Analysis and Implementation of Blowfish and LSB Algorithm on RGB Images using SHA-512
Authors: Ashari Ilham Firman , Praseptiawan Mugi
Published: March 2024

The growth of the internet globally keeps increasing as time goes. There's a big amount of data type saved there too. Those data need to be secured so anyone who doesn't have the right to access them can access it. The purpose of this article is to secure text information into image media using the Blowfish method for encrypting text information and securing it using the Hash function SHA-512 and then embedded it in image media using the Least Significant Bit (LSB) method. The result of implementing those methods using image media sized 138Kb and 39.85Kb with plaintext measuring 27 and 85 characters shows that integrity data is secured with SHA-512 method. The test result using PSNR method to get the score of image quality after embedding information to the image shows that the average number of PSNR’s score is 70,74 dB which means the quality is good and has less difference from the original image.
Genesis of the Abuse of Right Concept: The Proprietary Aspect (on the Example of the European Private Law)
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure of the Institute of Law and National Security of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Butsan Evgeny Yu.
Published: March 2024

The concept of abuse of right is being adapted in many areas of private law, including property law. As the absoluteness of property rights was leveled and restrictions on property rights were established, the category of abuse of law was actualized, since it regulated relations arising on the periphery of the named sub-branch of private law. In order to acquire the features inherent in the modern understanding of property rights, as well as the concept of abuse of rights in the property aspect, this concept overcame the search period, the period of searching for a balance of interests, when developed legal systems distributed the costs of the owner and third parties. The search for such a balance is reflected in this article on the examples of both continental and Anglo-American law.
Prior Use as an Element of the Balance of Rights of Invention Creators
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Intellectual Rights of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), Vanyukov Pavel D.
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted to the study of some aspects of the right of prior use. The issues of the essence of prior use, good faith of the prior user and the possibility of the prior user to modify the invention (to add or change the information in the patent claims) in a way that would be obvious to a specialist with average qualification are considered.
The Civil Law Regulation of the Correlation between a Trade Name and Other Means of Individualization
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure Belgorod State National Research University (BSU), PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Yakovlev Valery I. , Chalova Alina A. ,   Dean of the Faculty of Finance and Economics of the Stavropol Institute of Cooperation (Branch) of the Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics and Law, PhD (Economics), Associate Professor, Chalov Ivan A. ,   Postgraduate Student of the Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics and Law
Published: March 2024

The authors, based on the provisions of domestic civil legislation and taking into account the content of international conventions on the protection of industrial property, conduct a comparative analysis of the legal regime of such a relatively recently regulated means of individualization as a commercial designation with other objects equated to the results of intellectual activity.
On the Definition of Patriotism as a Legal Category
Authors:   Member of the Expert Advisory Board of a Committee of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, Senior Assistant Prosecutor of the Sovetsky District of Kazan, Junior Counsellor of Justice, PhD (Law), Vavilin Mikhail V.
Published: March 2024

In order to review patriotism as a basic legal category on the fundamental scientific level, one needs to generalize the available research in this sphere, analyze the tendencies attributable to such research and prove the expediency of singling out such legal category as patriotism.A complex scientific analysis of the concept under consideration requires determination of the area of the theoretical legal study that will give an opportunity to bring the indicated legal phenomenon to light and determine its essence and place in the legal matter. Initially, it is suggested to focus on the study of setting of this scientific problem in history of the philosophical, political and legal thought. To do that, let’s review in detail the history of the development of state and law doctrines including scientific thoughts on law and patriotism and the interrelation between them.
Problems of Performance of Resolutions on Certain Administrative Punishment Types at the Implementation of Functions of Internal Affairs Agencies
Authors:   Junior Scientific Assistant of the Ural Law Institute of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation., Galyastov Mikhail O.
Published: March 2024

The article discusses some problems of enforcement by the internal affairs bodies of resolutions on such administrative penalties as deprivation of the right to drive a vehicle and administrative arrest. Based on the analysis of the current legislation, judicial practice and scientific sources, the author suggests specific ways to solve the identified problems, including those related to changes in administrative and tort legislation.
Smart Contracts in Russian Law: Absence of a Definition and the Related Legal and Practical Problems
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Law of the Law Faculty of the Amur State University, PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Shvets Aleksandr V. , Gayduk Vyacheslav A. ,   Lawyer
Published: March 2024

This article examines the lack of a clear legal definition of a smart contract in Russian legislation and its impact on the legal status, interpretation, regulation and practical implementation of this technology. The authors consider various attempts to introduce the term ‘smart contract’ into Russian legislation and analyze the proposed definitions of a smart contract from various parties. The key legal and practical problems associated with the use of smart contracts are highlighted, such as uncertainty of status, difficulties of interpretation, possible failures, limited flexibility, impossibility of changes and procedures for concluding. The article also emphasizes the need to develop a balanced and clear legal regulation of smart contracts in Russia, taking into account the technical and legal aspects of this technology and ensuring the protection of the interests of all parties.
Legal Approval in Private and Public Law
Authors:   Assistant Judge of the Commercial Court of the Samara Region, Shabashov Evgeny A.
Published: March 2024

The article reveals the value and legal content of legal agreement as a general law in private and public law. Legal coordination in civil, constitutional and administrative law is analyzed. A comparative description of legal approval is made based on the subject composition, the presence of interest and the possibility of expression of the will of the subject of approval (initiator). The features of the formation of the nature of legal agreement on the basis of the dualistic division of law are characterized. The work emphasizes that the division of law into private and public is universal and does not entail a direct dependence of legal agreement belonging to a specific element of the structure of law.
Resorption by the Jus in Rem Regulation
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Legal Studies of the North-West Institute of Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Judge Emeritus of a Regional Court, LL.D., Mayboroda Viktor A.
Published: March 2024

The article deals with the processes of interaction of private law regulation of the possession and use of land and real estate and public law regulation of urban planning legal relations using urban planning regulations as one of the key regulatory instruments.
History of the Development of the Mandatory Insurance Institution
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Law of the Kuban State University, PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Avakyan Alesya M.
Published: March 2024

The author has revealed that compulsory insurance has been and remains a socially significant area, which is an integral part of the state. It is worth noting that insurance is a conservative field in which changes occur rather slowly. The formation of the insurance institute in Russia for a long time went in the same direction as insurance in more developed European countries. However, external factors (aggression, wars) and internal factors (enslavement of peasants, denial of private property, entrepreneurship, lack of insurance culture) played a significant role in reducing the pace of development and formation of the insurance institution. Of course, the insurance sector does not stand still in its development, therefore, the ideal model of compulsory insurance has not yet been formed, therefore, state influence should be directed at rationalizing existing types of compulsory insurance, as well as the development of new bills that regulate new insurance models.
The Moral and Legal Rules of the Arbitration Court Statute of G.R. Derzhavin: Sources and Commentary
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of the Humanities and Socioeconomic Disciplines of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian State University of Justice PhD (Philosophy), Markov Sergey M.
Published: March 2024

The primary thesis of the project for an arbitration court of conscience of the first Russian Minister of Justice G.R. Derzhavin was reconciliation (amicable agreement) based on moral norms and customary law (Derzhavin referred to this as the “amicable resolution of disputes”) within the existing judicial system and under the executive power in the provinces and the Senate. The goal is to make civic virtues and morality a state policy for justice, as directed by Catherine II, as the universal law of justice.
Criminal Justice is Restorative Justice
Authors:   Retired Police Colonel Honored, Worker of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ponomarev Nikolay S.
Published: March 2024

The article examines some judicial, criminal law and criminal procedure views of Prof. V.V. Doroshkov as presented in his monograph “Criminal Justice in the Conditions of Metamodernism and Moderate Conservatism”.
“Delayed Justice” in Arbitration Proceedings
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Procedure of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Saratov State Law Academy PhD (Law), Lebedev Mikhail Yu.
Published: March 2024

The article explores the issue of giving substance to the concept of “justice” within the law protection system in the Russian Federation. The author considers the so-called “broad” and “narrow” approach to understanding the category of “justice” and favors a narrow understanding. The article proposes a novel concept of viewing enforcement in the context of arbitration protection as the initial step in the state court’s fulfillment of its justice function culminating in the state’s judicial oversight of the arbitral award.
A RESTITUIÇÃO PELO ILÍCITO LUCRATIVO EM FACE DO DESCUMPRIMENTO DO DEVER DE DECRESCIMENTO
Authors: Pereira Leonardo Gomes , Sant’ Ana Pedra Adriano
Published: March 2024

Este trabalho visa abordar o enriquecimento ilícito e lucrativo versus o decrescimento, tema de extrema importância na atualidade, já que busca alternativas à consagração do princípio constitucional da dignidade humana da pessoa, de modo que todos possam ter acesso aos mesmos direitos fundamentais. É necessária uma mudança de pensamento e atuação, abordando-se o decrescimento como um dever anexo ao dever fundamental de proteção ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado. Nesses termos, a continuidade dos níveis de produção sem a readaptação aos limites estabelecidos pelas autoridades competentes em matéria ambiental se traduz em ato ilícito. Os lucros daí advindos, portanto, constituem enriquecimento sem causa e devem ser destinados aos afetados diretos quando identificados e à sociedade, que suportaram a violação do seu direito difuso ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado. Utilizou-se de ampla pesquisa bibliográfica interdisciplinar, passando desde o Direito Constitucional até o Direito Ambiental e Penal.
Jugulotympanic paraganglioma: A cause of sequential cranial nerve fallout and obstructive hydrocephalus
Authors: Hirachund Kiara , Khuzwayo Nhlalenhle , Beringer Craig , Hoffman Deidre , Mahomed Zeyn , Colloty J , Dewey G
Published: March 2024

A 46-year-old male presented with a longstanding history of a sequential cranial nerve fallout. Following extensive imaging which included contrast enhanced computed tomography, computed tomography angiography, and diagnostic digital subtraction angiography, a diagnosis of jugulotympanic paraganglioma was made. The tumour was found to be locally invasive, encapsulating major neurovascular structures and ultimately inaccessible. Furthermore, the clinical presentation was complicated by acute obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to tumour mass effect. Given the rarity of the condition and unusually extensive presentation, neurosurgery alongside a multidisciplinary team collaborated to formulate a management plan aimed at maximizing functional outcome and minimizing intraoperative morbidity. A decision was made to perform palliative surgical debulking procedure followed by multidisciplinary care and rehabilitation. The patient demised in the care of his family prior to any further intervention.
Gospodarka prywatna w Polsce w okresie realizacji Planu Trzyletniego (1947–1949)
Authors: Klimiuk Zbigniew
Published: March 2024

W dniu 21 września 1946 r. Krajowa Rada Narodowa ogłosiła Plan Odbudowy Gospodarczej, który przeszedł do historii jako Plan Trzyletni. Głównym jego założeniem i celem było „podniesienie stopy życiowej pracujących warstw ludności powyżej poziomu przedwojennego”. Pierwsze lata powojenne upłynęły pod znakiem umacniania się nowej komunistycznej władzy. Zachowywano jednakże pozory demokracji i legalne było funkcjonowanie innych partii politycznych, które również miały w tym czasie realny wpływ na rządzenie w kraju. Sukcesywnie jednak władze komunistyczne przejmowały kolejne urzędy. Jednym z urzędów pozostających poza władzą partii komunistycznej był właśnie CUP obsadzony przez osoby sympatyzujące z przedwojennym PPS-em. CUP zamierzał skupić się na branżach konsumpcyjnych, aby zwiększyć poziom życia w kraju i pobudzić dzięki temu gospodarkę. Jego realizacja miała być obligatoryjna tylko dla sektora państwowego, spółdzielczy miał być nim objęty jedynie częściowo, a sektor prywatny operowałby niemal na zasadach wolnorynkowych. Jednak tego typu założenia były nie do zaakceptowania przez nowe władze komunistyczne, stojące na stanowisku zwiększania środków i wielkości produkcji przemysłowej. Z czasem okazało się, że górę wzięła nad planem komunistyczna wizja gospodarki centralnie sterowanej, gdzie wszystkie jej dziedziny miały realizować plan według szczegółowych wytycznych. Artykuł analizuje ewolucję polityki i nastawienia władz komunistycznych w Polsce po 1945 r. wobec sektora prywatnego (głównie przemysłu i handlu) prowadzącą ostatecznie do jego likwidacji. Gospodarka państwowa i socjalistyczna miały uchronić życie gospodarcze w całym bloku sowieckim przed wszystkimi ułomnościami i problemami typowymi dla gospodarki kapitalistycznej.
Knowledge Donating And Its Impact On Collective Intelligence: Sociolinguistic Analytical Study Of Arab Employees At Al-Rajhi Bank
Authors: Alhamdi Fuad Mohammed
Published: March 2024

The current research aims to measure the role that knowledge donation plays in collective intelligence, represented by the dimensions. The researcher distributed (125) questionnaires to a sample of Al-Rajhi Bank employees in Riyadh, and (102) analysis forms were adopted. To draw the results, the researcher used Several statistical methods such as normal distribution, Cronbach’s alpha stability coefficient, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and structural equation modeling. The researcher reached a set of results, including that Al-Rajhi Bank's interest in encouraging its employees to share knowledge among them contributes to developing their collective intelligence by improving their mental abilities to present new creative ideas that serve the interest. Implementing training and development programs: the bank can provide training and development programs for its employees to improve their Arabic language skills and ensure their ability to communicate effectively with customers. In addition, the researcher presented several recommendations, including that Al-Rajhi Bank's keenness to share knowledge requires them to urge employees to participate in training workshops to improve their cognitive and mental abilities—improving the bank's performance in its various branches.
Notes on Contributors
Authors:   Institute of Development Studies (IDS), Edström Jerker
Published: March 2024

This is the Notes on Contributors for IDS Bulletin 55.1
Introduction: Understanding Gender Backlash Across Regions
Authors:   Institute of Development Studies (IDS), Edström Jerker , Edwards Jenny , Skinner Chloe , Lewin Tessa , Nazneen Sohela
Published: March 2024

Whilst international policy between the mid-1990s and mid-2010s gave some hope for progress on gender equality, events since then – including conflicts, climate change, the pandemic, and an increasingly insecure world – have thrown these hopes into doubt. Far from steady progress on gender equality, we now face backlash against gender and sexual rights. This article introduces our IDS Bulletin which explores understandings of backlash from a primarily global South perspective. Articles from Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Kenya, Lebanon, Uganda, and the UK detail examples of anti-gender backlash in different contexts, and the actors, interests, and tactics involved. This introduction groups the issues into three themes: voice and tactics, framings and direction, and temporality and structure. It also briefly touches on the tactics gender activists have used in countering backlash. In conclusion, the article calls for an increased analysis of backlash from more diverse settings to develop better strategies for resistance and reclaiming gender justice.
Voice: A Useful Concept for Researching Backlash and Feminist Counter-Actions?
Authors:   Institute of Development Studies (IDS), Nazneen Sohela
Published: March 2024

Voice is central to claims-making and contestations around gender equality. This article engages with a diverse set of literature, social and feminist movement theory, and gender and development scholarship, to foreground voice in the analysis of the discursive strategies of backlash actors and the counter‑actions by feminist coalitions. Drawing on rich discussions with feminist academic-activists based in the global South and the UK, the article unpacks the various conceptual and methodological challenges that emerge in researching feminist collective voice in countering backlash, particularly on matters such as intersectionality and building collective feminist voice; intra-movement backlash and fragmentation of voice; capturing subtler forms of expressions of agency; and the cyclical nature of backlash.
The Centaur’s Kick: Backlash as Disruptive Upgrades to Patriarchal Orders
Authors:   Institute of Development Studies (IDS), Edström Jerker
Published: March 2024

Backlash is not always pushing back against progress for women, but how is it still patriarchal? Sliced into three sections – on confluence, contestations, and cartographies – this article draws on a thesis about backlash as the exploitation of insecurity wrought by apparent crises to re/shape social orders, through re-fixing symbolic sites, namely the body, family, and nation. It begins by describing a confluence of types of actors and projects silencing feminist voice. Contesting gendered backlash narratives about the three sites are then explored, followed by a more theoretical section reflecting on cartographies of resonant concurrence and contradictions in backlash. Reflecting on masculinities, identification, and levels of hegemonic power, the argument is that the fixing of sites re/naturalises three deep-level patriarchal logics – phallogocentric binary (body), hierarchical (family), and categorical closed-systems (nation) principles – which helps us theorise the evolution of patriarchal hegemonies. This may inform more strategic countering of backlash.
Queering Gender Backlash
Authors:   Institute of Development Studies (IDS), Lewin Tessa
Published: March 2024

This article ‘queers’ the concept of gender backlash – troubling some of its assumptions and drawing attention to the centrality of heteronormativity to an anti-gender worldview. It argues that backlash is both episodic and continuous, and that the focus on ‘gender’ in anti-gender politics tends to eclipse the affective importance of sexuality in backlash politics. It argues, also, for a less binary approach to (counter-backlash) activism – that recognises survival as a form of resistance. Finally, it suggests the potential of leveraging intersectionalities to forge counter‑backlash solidarities.
Deconstructing Anti-Feminist Backlash: The Lebanese Context
Authors: El Rahi Nay , Antar Fatima
Published: March 2024

The matrix of deep-rooted social, political, sectarian, and patriarchal structures in Lebanon necessitates the introduction of a nuanced understanding of ‘backlash’ that veers away from definitions of the notion that apply mostly in Western contexts. This article proposes a contextualised definition of backlash for Lebanon and frames it by unpacking the structural flaws found in the very way Lebanese society is constructed, and in power relations within the country’s familial structures. It also discusses the different forms of anti-feminist backlash observed in the country over the past few years, focusing on three axes: systemic violence, tactical backlash, and atomised backlash. Explored through case studies ranging from the hostile sectarian system against women in politics to radical religious groups, this article explores how backlash in this context diverges from the conceptualisations of backlash in existing literature.
Glossary
Authors:   Institute of Development Studies (IDS), Edström Jerker
Published: March 2024

This is the Glossary for IDS Bulletin 55.1
Examining Factors Influencing Length of Stay for Inpatients at Alcohol and Substance Addiction Treatment Center
Authors: Peker Oğuz
Published: March 2024

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the impact of impulsivity, treatment motivation, anxiety, and cognitive distortions on the duration of inpatient treatment for substance use.
Methods: The sample for the study consisted of 200 volunteer patients receiving inpatient treatment at the Alcohol and Substance Addiction Treatment Center. Participants underwent a general psychopathological evaluation using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5) administered by the clinician. All participants were given the Case Report Form prepared by the clinician along with the Barratt Impulsivity Scale-11 Short Form (BIS), Automatic Thoughts Scale (ATS), State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I, STAI-II) and Treatment Motivation Questionnaire (TMQ).
Results: A significant distinction was noted in discharge statuses when comparing scores on the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and nonplaning impulsiveness subscale, and the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory and Automatic Thoughts Scale. Those who were discharged with remission had notably lower scores compared to those who left voluntarily or were discharged due to rule violation (p< 0.001). Negative significant correlations were found between length of stay and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and its subscales [BIS-T (p
Nadie innova más de lo que sus relaciones le permiten: El caso de pequeños productores
Authors: Jiménez-Carrasco Juan Salvador , Rendón-Medel Roberto , Díaz-José Julio , Segura-Salazar Citlalli Melissa
Published: March 2024

Contrarrestar la confrontación entre sistemas productivos establecidos por el humano para la producción de alimentos y sistemas naturales que mantienen la vida y el clima requiere la adopción de innovaciones sostenibles, orientadas a producción responsable (ODS 12) y a reducción de pérdida de biodiversidad (ODS 15). Este artículo analiza el rol de las relaciones sociales en la adopción de innovaciones agrícolas sostenibles en pequeños productores de maíz, en el marco de un proceso nacional de extensión. Se utilizaron datos pareados de 14 770 pequeños productores, de los años 2017 y 2018, en casi el 50 % de las entidades federativas de México. La información se analizó mediante indicadores de redes sociales y un modelo logit. Los hallazgos muestran que la probabilidad (P < 0.01) de adopción de innovaciones de un año a otro aumenta si los productores desarrollan relaciones con actores mejor conectados en la red (cambio en radialidad), amplían el número de clientes y cuentan con mayor superficie sembrada. Los productores con mayor cambio en radialidad establecen patrones de adopción de innovaciones sostenibles que les permiten mantener o mejorar sus rendimientos, disminuyendo la degradación de tierras y la pérdida de la biodiversidad. Esto implica que los vínculos de aprendizaje tienen mayor importancia que otras variables como, edad, escolaridad o experiencia del productor para promover cambios en los niveles de innovación. Es conveniente reconfigurar los modelos de extensión en el impulso de vínculos de aprendizaje y generación de capital social.