bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hemodialysis for an unusual occurrence of leptospirosis in a nonendemic region
Authors: Batu Aziz , Karaagac Leman , Sahutoglu Tuncay
Published: April 2023

Leptospirosis, an endemic zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira, is frequently seen in tropical regions and areas with low socioeconomic status. The disease can present a range of symptoms from mild to fatal, with potential involvement of multiple organs. This case report describes the treatment and clinical course of a 44‐year‐old male patient infected with Leptospira semeranga patoc 1 and presenting with jaundice and renal failure. The patient was residing in the Syrian Refugee Camp in the arid city of Sanliurfa. This case serves as an example of a nonendemic occurrence of leptospirosis, and a brief overview of relevant literature on the subject is also provided.
Incidence of gastrointestinal malignancies increases in persons received eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori: A cohort study
Authors: Kosunen Timo U. , Nieminen Anna A. , Kokkola Arto , Arkkila Perttu , Pukkala Eero , Rautelin Hilpi
Published: April 2023

Background

Long‐term Helicobacter pylori infection increases the risk of gastric malignancies. Since the symptoms for H. pylori gastritis, as well as for several malignancies, may be nonexisting or highly unspecific, even H. pylori‐positive subjects with underlying malignancies may receive eradication therapy. The aim was to assess the incidence of gastrointestinal and various other malignancies in individuals after eradication therapy for H. pylori infection.

Materials and Methods

A cohort of 217,554 subjects (120,344 women and 97,210 men), who had purchased specific combinations of drugs for H. pylori eradication therapy in 1994–2004, was identified by the Finnish National Prescription Registry and followed for cancer incidence until the end of 2008 (1.89 million person‐years at risk).

Results

A total of 22,398 malignancies were identified in the cohort. In both genders, for the first 6 months after drug prescription, the standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were between 5 and 32 for gastric, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers, and 2 and 3 for several other malignancies. Although later on the SIRs of most malignancies fell rapidly, those of gastric noncardia and lung cancers remained elevated up to 5 years of follow‐up. The only SIRs below unity were seen in men for gastric cancers (cardia 0.61, 95% CI: 0.37–0.95; intestinal noncardia 0.74, 95% CI: 0.56–0.97) during the post‐therapy period covering years 5–15.

Conclusion

Incidence levels significantly above the population rates were detected for many malignancies. Although eradication of H. pylori may have a long‐lasting protective effect against gastric cancer, H. pylori therapy may postpone the detection of malignancies possibly underlying unspecific gastrointestinal symptoms. Therefore, it should be emphasized that the diagnostic work‐up for malignancies should not be stopped in case of detection and treatment of H. pylori infection.
Clinical and radiographic outcomes of regenerative endodontic procedures for traumatized permanent necrotic teeth with apical periodontitis and external root resorption
Authors: Lu Jing , Lu Youguang , Lu Zhaojie , Kahler Bill
Published: April 2023

Aim

This clinical study was undertaken to assess the effect of treatment with regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) on 20 teeth with pulp necrosis, apical periodontitis, and external root resorption (ERR).

Methodology

Teeth were treated with REPS utilizing the American Association of Endodontists (AAE) protocol. Quantitative assessment of changes in radiographic root area (RRA) were statistically analysed to assess changes in root dimensions after an average follow‐up period of 3 years.

Results

All 20 teeth survived, 14 teeth (70%) were classified successful, and only 1 tooth (5%) failed throughout the study period. Based on the radiographic examination, all 20 teeth showed complete repair of the periapical lesions and arrested ERR. However, 5 teeth (25%) subsequently developed replacement resorption. The RRA between baseline and 3‐year follow‐up showed a significant difference for the total 20 teeth (p = .009). An analysis according to the trauma type and the extra‐oral time showed the RRA increase was significantly different in the non‐avulsion group (p = .015) and for the avulsion group with an extra‐oral time less than 60 min (p = .029). The RRA increase was not statistically significant in the avulsion group of extra‐oral time more than 60 min (p = .405). Nine teeth (45%) and 10 teeth (50%) responded to cold and electric pulp testing, respectively.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this study, the favourable outcomes of REPs were further confirmed for traumatized permanent necrotic teeth with ERR in terms of periapical lesion healed and a significant increase in RRA. The study contributes further evidence of the role of REPs in arresting ERR.
Are abnormal audit fees informative about audit quality? The moderating role of office resource availability
Authors: Krishnan Gopal V. , Tanyi Paul
Published: April 2023

We contribute to the literature on the relation between client‐level abnormal (excess) audit fees and audit quality by offering a novel perspective. We posit that audit office‐level resource availability moderates the relation between client‐level audit fees and audit quality. This is because office‐level resources (audit partners, staff, technology and administrative support) are generally shared across engagements and can augment those engagements that are resource constrained. We first provide evidence that office‐level resource availability is informative about audit quality incremental to client‐level abnormal fees and several other client and auditor characteristics, including office size. More importantly, we find that client‐level abnormal fees are informative about audit quality only for audit offices that are resource‐constrained but not for offices that are not resource‐constrained.
Extramammary Paget's disease involving the axilla: case series and literature review
Authors: Zhao Chunxia , Li Yurong , Zhang Chong , Zhang Guohong , Li Hang
Published: April 2023

Background

Axillary extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare condition with only a few cases reported in the literature.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review and identified 16 cases of EMPD with axillary involvement. We summarized the clinical and histopathological characteristics, treatment, and prognosis, as well as reviewed the literature.

Results

Of the included patients, eight were male and eight were female with an average age of 63.9 years at diagnosis. Eleven patients presented with unilateral axillary lesions, two patients with bilateral axillary lesions, and three patients with both axillary and genital involvement. Four male patients had a history of secondary malignancies. Axillary EMPD exerted the typical histological and immunohistochemical features of Paget's disease. All except for one patient underwent Mohs micrographic surgery with a mean final margin of 1.3 cm, and the tumor was cleared 76.5% of the time with 1 cm margins. None of the patients developed recurrence or metastasis after surgery at a mean follow‐up of 63.6 months.

Conclusions

Axillary EMPD shares similar clinicopathological features with typical EMPD. Careful clinical and pathological examinations are mandatory to detect possible associated malignancies and to make a correct diagnosis. Axillary EMPD usually has a good prognosis. Due to the complete margin assessment and better recurrence rates for EMPD in general, Mohs micrographic surgery is the treatment of choice.
Analysing the challenges to sustainable food grain storage management: a path to food security in emerging nations
Authors: Das Sumanta , Barve Akhilesh , Sahu Naresh Chandra , Muduli Kamalakanta , Kumar Anil , Luthra Sunil
Published: April 2023

Food security is a critical concern for emerging nations, where agriculture is a vital source of livelihood for a significant proportion of the population. However, ineffective food grain storage management (FGSM) poses a substantial threat to food security, resulting in significant post‐harvest loss (PHL). This research aims to identify and analyse the challenges to sustainable FGSM in emerging nations, with a specific focus on India using Total Interpretive Structural Modelling (TISM) and Matrice d'Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée á un Classement (MICMAC) analysis. The study identifies 15 critical challenges after doing a thorough literature review, consulting with industry experts, and a dedicated questionnaire survey. The study finds that inadequate government policies and a lack of commitment from the top management are the major challenges to sustainable FGSM. The combination of the qualitative and quantitative model provides a comprehensive understanding of the identified factors and their interrelationships, offering a logical framework to support decision‐making and encourage sustainability. This paper contributes to the broader debate on sustainable food production and consumption by highlighting the importance of sustainable FGSM in emerging nations.
Phylogeographic and demographic patterns reveal congruent histories in seven Amazonian White‐Sand ecosystems birds
Authors: Capurucho João Marcos Guimarães , Ashley Mary V. , Cornelius Cintia , Borges Sergio H. , Ribas Camila C. , Bates John M.
Published: April 2023

Aim

The drivers of genetic diversity in Amazonia, the most species‐rich set of ecosystems on Earth, are still incompletely understood. Species from distinct Amazonian ecosystems have unique biogeographic histories that will reflect regional landscape and climatic drivers of genetic diversity. We studied bird species from patchy Amazonian white‐sand ecosystems (WSE) to evaluate the occurrence of shared biogeographic patterns to better understand the complex environmental and landscape history of Amazonia and its biodiversity.

Location

Northern South America; Amazonia.

Taxon

Passeriformes.

Methods

We sequenced Ultra‐conserved Elements (UCEs) from 177 samples of seven bird species associated with WSE that have overlapping ranges. We used the SNP matrices and sequence data to estimate genetic structure and migration surfaces using ‘conStruct’ and eems, performed model‐selection to obtain the most probable demographic histories on ‘PipeMaster’ and implemented analyses of shared demography with ecoevolity.

Results

Shallow genetic structure patterns varied among species. The Amazon river was the only barrier shared among them. Population structure dates to no more than 450,000 years ago. Nine geographically structured populations showed signals of population size changes and eight of these occur in Northern Amazonia. Population expansion was inferred at two distinct times: ~100,000 and ~ 50,000 years ago. The timing of co‐expanding populations is consistent with differences in habitat preference, as species that prefer dense scrubby to forested vegetation expanded more recently compared to species that prefer open vegetation.

Main conclusions

WSE species responded in concert to environmental and landscape changes that occurred in the relatively recent past. Population expansions were likely driven by the genesis of new WSE patches and a return to wetter conditions after glacial periods. Pleistocene climatic cycles affected the distribution and dynamics of open vegetation habitats in Amazonia, especially in the Northern region, driving genetic diversity and demographic patterns of its associated biota.
Lin28 promoting the protective effect of PMSCs on hepatic ischaemia–reperfusion injury by regulating glucose metabolism
Authors: Zhou Xi , Li Junbo , Wang Jin , Yang Huifang , Xie Xiaoyun , Chen Zhishui , Zhang Bo
Published: April 2023

Human placental mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) can prevent liver ischaemia–reperfusion injury (LIRI). However, their therapeutic effects are limited. Therefore, additional research is required to elucidate the mechanisms of PMSC‐mediated LIRI prevention and enhance the related therapeutic effects. This study aimed to examine the role of the Lin28 protein in the regulation of glucose metabolism in PMSCs. Further, it explored whether Lin28 could enhance the protective effects of PMSCs against LIRI and investigated the underlying mechanisms. Western blotting was performed to examine Lin28 expression in PMSCs under hypoxic conditions. A Lin28 overexpression construct was introduced into PMSCs, and the effect on glucose metabolism was examined using a glucose metabolism kit. Further, the expression of some proteins involved in glucose metabolism and the PI3K‐AKT pathway and the levels of microRNA Let‐7a–g were examined using western blots and real‐time quantitative PCR, respectively. To examine the relationship between Lin28 and the PI3K‐Akt pathway, the effects of AKT inhibitor treatment on the changes induced by Lin28 overexpression were examined. Subsequently, AML12 cells were co‐cultured with PMSCs to elucidate the mechanisms via which PMSCs prevent hypoxic injury in liver cells in vitro. Finally, C57BL/6J mice were used to establish a partial warm ischaemia–reperfusion model. The mice received intravenous injections containing PMSCs (control and Lin28‐overexpressing PMSCs). Finally, their serum transaminase levels and degree of liver injury were assessed using biochemical and histopathological methods, respectively. Lin28 was upregulated under hypoxic conditions in PMSCs. Lin28 exerted protective effects against hypoxia‐induced cell proliferation. Moreover, it increased the glycolytic capacity of PMSCs, allowing PMSCs to produce more energy under hypoxic conditions. Lin28 also activated the PI3K‐Akt signalling pathway under hypoxic conditions, and its effects were attenuated by AKT inhibition. Lin28 overexpression could protect cells against LIRI‐induced liver damage, inflammation and apoptosis and could also attenuate hypoxia‐induced hepatocyte injury. Lin28 enhances glucose metabolism under hypoxic conditions in PMSCs, thereby exerting protective effects against LIRI by activating the PI3K‐Akt signalling pathway. Our study is the first to report the potential of genetically modified PMSCs for LIRI treatment.
Impact of pin‐to‐plate cold plasma depolymerization on the gelation and functional attributes of guar galactomannan
Authors: Kalaivendan Ranjitha Gracy T. , Eazhumalai Gunaseelan , Annapure Uday S.
Published: April 2023

The present study aimed to investigate the impact of pin‐to‐plate cold plasma on the gelation and functional attributes of guar seed galactomannan. The guar galactomannan was subjected to 170 and 230 V treatment for 30 and 60 min and investigated for the gel characteristics and functional properties. The cold plasma treatment incurred galactomannan chain depolymerization with a reduction in the degree of polymerization (DP) ranging from 7.33% to 48.99%. The water contact angle (WCA) reduced from 110.93° to 95.54°, thus increasing the hydration capacity (36.73–45.90 g/g). These mechanisms diminish the gel viscosity (from 798. 227 cP of UT to 334.65 cP at 230‐60) and the viscoelastic moduli (G′ andG″) indicating the low strength of gels from plasma‐treated galactomannan (PT‐GG). This further influenced the least gelation concentration, foam capacity, and foam stability. However, the critical strain (from 11.83% [UT] to 41% [230‐60]), cross‐over frequency (from 3.39 Hz [UT] to 15.3 Hz [230‐60]), and degradation activation energy (from 18.445 kJ/mol [UT] to 21.721 kJ/mol [230‐60]) of the PT‐GG were increased (from 18.445 kJ/mol [UT] to 21.721 kJ/mol [230‐60]) signifying the increased stability of gels by intramolecular and electrostatic forces. Thus, the cold plasma‐induced depolymerization and hydrophilic modification of galactomannan influence the gelation and functional attributes which widen the potential applications of the hydrocolloid.

Practical Applications

Depolymerized guar gum is industrially known for its specific applications such as low‐viscosity source of dietary fiber, stabilizers, complex forming, and encapsulating agents. This study shows the potential of cold plasma processing as an eco‐friendly sustainable technology for producing depolymerized guar gum which can be applied as a source of fiber in enteral feed formulations, stabilizers in low viscous spreads and sauces, and also in thermo‐reversible gel networks due to its thermal gel transition attributes.
Successional dynamics of the cultivated kelp microbiome
Authors: Davis Katherine M. , Zeinert Logan , Byrne Allison , Davis Jonathan , Roemer Cosmo , Wright Michael , Parfrey Laura Wegener
Published: April 2023

Kelp are important primary producers that are colonized by diverse microbes that can have both positive and negative effects on their hosts. The kelp microbiome could support the burgeoning kelp cultivation sector by improving host growth, stress tolerance, and resistance to disease. Fundamental questions about the cultivated kelp microbiome still need to be addressed before microbiome‐based approaches can be developed. A critical knowledge gap is how cultivated kelp microbiomes change as hosts grow, particularly following outplanting to sites that vary in abiotic conditions and microbial source pools. In this study we assessed if microbes that colonize kelp in the nursery stage persist after outplanting. We characterized microbiome succession over time on two species of kelp, Alaria marginata and Saccharina latissima, outplanted to open ocean cultivation sites in multiple geographic locations. We tested for host‐species specificity of the microbiome and the effect of different abiotic conditions and microbial source pools on kelp microbiome stability during the cultivation process. We found the microbiome of kelp in the nursery is distinct from that of outplanted kelp. Few bacteria persisted on kelp following outplanting. Instead, we identified significant microbiome differences correlated with host species and microbial source pools at each cultivation site. Microbiome variation related to sampling month also indicates that seasonality in host and/or abiotic factors may influence temporal succession and microbiome turnover in cultivated kelps. This study provides a baseline understanding of microbiome dynamics during kelp cultivation and highlights research needs for applying microbiome manipulation to kelp cultivation.
Association between antihypertensive drugs and hepatocellular carcinoma: A trans‐ancestry and drug‐target Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Zhenqian , Lu Jiawen , Hu Jingyi
Published: April 2023

Background and Aims

Antihypertensive drugs were recently reported to have an oncogenic role in common cancer, however, whether these drugs would affect the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear.

Methods

A drug‐target Mendelian randomization method was adopted to examine the long‐term effect of 12 antihypertensive drugs classes on the risk of HCC in Europeans and East Asians. To proxy antihypertensive drugs, we leveraged genetic variants located near or within drug target genes that were associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP). Genetically proxied drugs associated with reduced risk of coronary artery disease were included in primary analysis. Genetic summary statistics of SBP and HCC were derived from publicly available large‐scale genome‐wide association studies in Europeans and East Asians respectively. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) of drugs target genes were used to proxy drugs in a sensitivity analysis.

Results

Genetically proxied thiazides and related diuretics were associated with decreased risk of HCC in both Europeans (OR [95% CI]: 0.79 [0.73, 0.86] per 1 mmHg reduction in SBP; p < 0.001) and East Asians (0.60 [0.45, 0.82]; p = 0.001). Genetically proxied beta‐adrenoceptor blockers (BBs) were strongly associated with increased risk of HCC in Europeans (1.46 [1.12, 1.91]; p = 0.004). These findings were replicated in deCODE genetics study and remained consistent when using eQTLs to proxy antihypertensive drugs.

Conclusions

Our findings suggested that thiazides diuretics may lower the risk of HCC in both Europeans and East Asians, while BBs may increase the risk of HCC specifically in Europeans. Further studies are warranted to explore the potential of repurposing or retargeting antihypertensive drugs for HCC prevention.
Information potential of an ubiquitous phytochemical cue
Authors: Frost Christopher J.
Published: April 2023

This article is a Commentary on Li et al. (2023), 238: 2099–2112.
How do parents experience patching or dichoptic action video gaming as amblyopia treatment? A qualitative study exploring treatment preferences and information needs to facilitate decision‐making
Authors: Tan Emily TC , Kadhum Aveen , Telleman Marieke AJ , Treur Annemieke , Bruijning Janna , Loudon Sjoukje E
Published: April 2023

Purpose

To explore parents' experiences, preferences and information needs when either patching treatment or dichoptic action video gaming is used as an amblyopia treatment for their child.

Methods

A qualitative study was carried out on parents whose newly diagnosed amblyopic children participated in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing the effects of dichoptic action video gaming versus patching. A purposive heterogenic sample was selected for an additional interview after the study period. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with one or both parents and transcribed verbatim, and a thematic analysis was performed.

Results

Ten families agreed to participate: seven in the patching group and three in the gaming group. Two themes emerged from the data exploring experiences with treatment: (1) factors influencing compliance and (2) burden with treatment. Parents reported creating a routine which improved compliance with patching, as opposed to gaming where parents felt less need to conduct the treatment themselves as it was performed in the outpatient clinic. In both groups, parents experienced an information hiatus regarding the role of refractive error. In deciding the type of treatment to be used, parents preferred to deliberate the choice with the healthcare professional and discuss considerations resulting in shared decisions. The emerging themes were (1) effect and efficiency of treatment, (2) organisational aspects of treatments and (3) their child's traits.

Conclusion

This study provides insight into the experiences of parents whose children underwent different types of amblyopia therapy. Both treatments have their own advantages and disadvantages. For parents, the effectiveness and efficiency of treatment were the most important aspects when deciding the method of management. Parents wish to come to a well‐informed, shared decision regarding the type of amblyopia treatment.
Concurrent disasters: Perceived administrative burdens and household coping capacities
Authors: Sapat Alka , Mitsova Diana , Sweeting Karen D. , Esnard Ann‐Margaret , Escaleras Monica
Published: April 2023

Weather‐related disasters during the COVID‐19 pandemic exacerbated the vulnerabilities of individuals and households, and concurrent disasters are becoming more of the norm as we face more extreme weather patterns. This study seeks to extend administrative burden scholarship to better understand the administrative burdens (real and perceived) that a citizen experiences when applying for disaster assistance while facing concurrent disasters. Using logistic regression analysis and Generalized Structural Equation Modeling, we analyze primary survey data from households in five Texas counties that were impacted by the 2021 Winter Storm Uri. Our findings indicate that learning, compliance, and psychological costs, disaster‐related damages, and infrastructure losses, coping with concurrent disasters during the pandemic, and social vulnerability factors, such as age and the lack of insurance increase administrative burdens and difficulties for disaster aid applicants. Practical implications include recommendations to more effectively address concurrent disasters and reduce associated administrative burdens and inequities in disaster assistance programs.
A chloroplast diacylglycerol lipase modulates glycerolipid pathway balance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yu Linhui , Shen Wenyun , Fan Jilian , Sah Saroj Kumar , Mavraganis Ioannis , Wang Liping , Gao Peng , Gao Jie , Zheng Qian , Meesapyodsuk Dauenpen , Yang Hui , Li Qiang , Zou Jitao , Xu Changcheng
Published: April 2023

Two parallel pathways compartmentalized in the chloroplast and the endoplasmic reticulum contribute to thylakoid lipid synthesis in plants, but how these two pathways are coordinated during thylakoid biogenesis and remodeling remains unknown. We report here the molecular characterization of a homologous ADIPOSE TRIGLYCERIDE LIPASE‐LIKE gene, previously referred to as ATGLL. The ATGLL gene is ubiquitously expressed throughout development and rapidly upregulated in response to a wide range of environmental cues. We show that ATGLL is a chloroplast non‐regioselective lipase with a hydrolytic activity preferentially towards 16:0 of diacylglycerol (DAG). Comprehensive lipid profiling and radiotracer labeling studies revealed a negative correlation of ATGLL expression and the relative contribution of the chloroplast lipid pathway to thylakoid lipid biosynthesis. Additionally, we show that genetic manipulation of ATGLL expression resulted in changes in triacylglycerol levels in leaves. We propose that ATGLL, through affecting the level of prokaryotic DAG in the chloroplast, plays important roles in balancing the two glycerolipid pathways and in maintaining lipid homeostasis in plants.
Assessment of consistency between peer‐reviewed publications and clinical trial registrations in nursing journals
Authors: Liu Hui‐Hui , Su Chun‐Xiang , Li Zhang‐Qi , Yue Shu‐Jin , Cheng Shu‐Han , Peng Di
Published: April 2023

Background

The inconsistencies between randomized clinical trials (RCTs) registrations and peer‐reviewed publications may distort trial results and threaten the validity of evidence‐based medicine. Previous studies have found many inconsistencies between RCTs registrations and peer‐reviewed publications, and outcome reporting bias is prevalent.

Aims

The aims of this review were to assess whether the primary outcomes and other data reported in publications and registered records in RCTs of nursing journals were consistent and whether discrepancies in the reporting of primary outcomes favored statistically significant results. Moreover, we reviewed the proportion of RCTs for prospective registration.

Methods

We systematically searched PubMed for RCTs published in the top 10 nursing journals between March 5, 2020, and March 5, 2022. Registration numbers were extracted from the publications, and registered records were identified from the registration platforms. The publications and registered records were compared to identify consistency. Inconsistencies were subdivided into discrepancies and omissions.

Results

A total of 70 RCTs published in seven journals were included. The inconsistencies involved sample size estimation (71.4%), random sequence generation (75.7%), allocation concealment (97.1%), blinding (82.9%), primary outcomes (60.0%) and secondary outcomes (84.3%). Among the inconsistencies in the primary outcomes, 21.4% were due to discrepancies and 38.6% resulted from omissions. Fifty‐three percent (8/15) presented discrepancies in the primary outcomes that favored statistically significant results. Additionally, although only 40.0% of the studies were prospective registrations, the number of prospectively registered trials has trended upward over time.

Linking Evidence to Action

While not including all RCTs in the nursing field, our sample reflected a general trend: inconsistencies between publications and trial registrations were prevalent in the included nursing journals. Our research helps to provide a way to improve the transparency of research reports. Ensuring that clinical practice has access to transparent and reliable research results are essential to achieve the best possible evidence‐based medicine.
A CO‐LIBERATORY FRAMEWORK FOR BIG DATA
Authors: Johnson Matthew Kuan , Robertson Rachel Siow
Published: April 2023

This article provides an account of the ethical issues that arise when digital technologies and online spaces are structured by Big Data algorithms. We show that although the uses of Big Data may be new, traditional theological and ethical categories are still applicable, including “the sins of the fathers” from hamartiology and the scholastic concept of haecceity. Using these resources, we map the overall ecosystem in which digital technologies are developed and used, identifying the relationships between the individuals and organizations involved. We show how these relationships are often characterized by various kinds of harm. We then argue for a reorientation of the tech ecosystem toward co‐liberation—and ultimately, joy.
Prioritizing a Continuum of Care for Older Orphan Populations: A Qualitative Study from Two Transitional Centers in Armenia
Authors: Yacoubian George S.
Published: April 2023

Previous research in residential childcare institutions (RCI) has focused on youth under the age of eighteen. While reaching the age of majority typically signals the end of compulsory childhood institutionalization, age qualifications may deny ministration to young adults whose adolescence was marked by poverty, trauma, violence, or emotional deprivation. To investigate the need for a seamless transition into young adulthood, we interviewed 12 female residents housed in two “transitional centers” (TC) in Armenia. The respondents, while eager for emotional and fiscal autonomy, perceived their previous RCI as integral to their emotional development and thus recognized the need for ancillary care to prepare them for independent living. These findings suggest that Armenia’s TC offer a critical bridge between adolescence and adulthood, providing an environment within which socially vulnerable young adults can prepare for emotional, financial, and intellectual independence. Countries with significant orphan populations should consider integrating a TC component into their continuum of care model to assure that their most vulnerable children populations receive support throughout young adulthood.
A Faber–Krahn inequality for Wavelet transforms
Authors: Ramos João P. G. , Tilli Paolo
Published: April 2023

For some special window functions , we prove that, over all sets of fixed hyperbolic measure , those for which the Wavelet transform with window concentrates optimally are exactly the discs with respect to the pseudo‐hyperbolic metric of the upper half space. This answers a question raised by Abreu and Dörfler in Abreu and Dörfler (Inverse Problems 28 (2012) 16). Our techniques make use of a framework recently developed by Nicola and Tilli in Nicola and Tilli (Invent. Math. 230 (2022) 1–30), but in the hyperbolic context induced by the dilation symmetry of the Wavelet transform. This leads us naturally to use a hyperbolic rearrangement function, as well as the hyperbolic isoperimetric inequality, in our analysis.
Quorum-Sensing Signaling Molecule 2-Aminoacetophenone Mediates the Persistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Macrophages by Interference with Autophagy through Epigenetic Regulation of Lipid Biosynthesis
Authors: Chakraborty Arijit , Kabashi Asel , Wilk Samuel , Rahme Laurence G.
Published: April 2023

This work sheds new light on how
P. aeruginosa
limits bacterial clearance in macrophages through 2-aminoacetophenone (2-AA), a secreted signaling molecule by this pathogen that is regulated by the quorum-sensing transcription factor MvfR. The action of 2-AA on the lipid biosynthesis gene
Scd1
and the autophagic genes
ULK1
and
Beclin1
appears to secure the reduced intracellular clearance of
P. aeruginosa
by macrophages.
Natural processes leading to large, pre-historic hydrothermal eruptions in geothermal areas: Rotokawa geothermal field, New Zealand
Authors: Montanaro Cristian , Cronin Shane J. , Lerner Geoffrey A. , Simpson Mark P. , Brooks-Clarke Isabelle , Swanney Gina , Milicich Sarah D. , Calibugan Aimee , Bardsley Candice , Scheu Bettina
Published: April 2023

Hydrothermal eruptions are the most violent and hazardous phenomena within geothermal fields. The largest of these may produce kilometer-sized craters and breccia deposits that are tens of meters thick. The geological and hydrothermal priming that leads to these types of eruptions is poorly understood. To understand large hydrothermal eruptions, we investigated a series of prehistoric events at the Rotokawa geothermal field in New Zealand. By revising the stratigraphy and distribution of hydrothermal breccia deposits and correlating these with componentry, crater morphology, and subsurface geological structure, we estimated the frequency, priming processes, triggers, and dynamics of multiple eruptions.

Seventeen large hydrothermal eruptions occurred centuries to millennia apart in the period from ca. 22 cal ka B.P. to ca. 3.4 cal ka B.P. Of six hydrothermal eruptions since ca. 7 ka, four produced oval-shaped craters up to 2 km in diameter, creating a broad, shallow depression within the geothermal field. The two youngest eruptions occurred northeast of earlier eruption centers and have narrower and elongated vents. We infer that in the central depression, newly formed craters rimmed by breccia deposits and high-relief country rock hosted temporary lakes tens of meters deep. Crater-lake breakout(s) and/or seismic events caused sudden pressure reduction above the hydrothermal aquifer, triggering hydrothermal eruptions. Northeast of the basin, hydrothermal alteration produced caprocks above intensively fractured areas. In this case, earthquakes are the most likely trigger for cap-rupture and eruption. All eruptions excavated shallow and large craters mostly within partially altered Oruanui Formation and pre-fragmented breccias. The size and localization of the eruptions was likely due to a combination of (1) availability of undisturbed porous ignimbrite hosting large thermal aquifers, (2) efficient crater excavation within or alongside pre-fragmented breccia, and (3) the location of fracture and fault zones that channeled deep fluid upflow, favoring priming processes.

This study highlights how an interplay of tectonic, magmatic, and hydrologic processes is responsible for the timing, dynamics, and ultimate size of hydrothermal eruptions in geothermal fields. Some events may be very large and destructive depending on the right priming and geological conditions.
Resected cytokeratin-negative small cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Jain Pragya Virendrakumar , Thompson Jonathan , Sheinin Yuri
Published: April 2023

Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), a malignancy of neuroendocrine origin, can show varied morphologies and patterns but is typically positive for at least one neuroendocrine marker and almost always for cytokeratins. It is essential to distinguish this tumour due to its characteristic genetic features, aggressive behaviour, propensity for metastasis and responsiveness to chemotherapy. We hereby present a rare case of a pulmonary mass that showed morphological features of an SCLC but lacked cytokeratin expression on biopsy as well as resection specimens. Various cytokeratins were tested on multiple blocks and at different laboratories. A broad differential diagnosis was considered and ruled out including small round blue cell tumours, non-SCLC and metastasis. After performing an extensive work-up to identify the origin of this tumour, it was finally diagnosed as SCLC with expression of neuroendocrine markers synaptophysin and CD56, and intracytoplasmic electron dense neurosecretory granules (250–350 nm) however lacked cytokeratin expression.
The impact of COVID-19 on global health journals: an analysis of impact factor and publication trends
Authors: He Jiaxin , Liu Xinliang , Lu Xinyang , Zhong Meiling , Jia Changli , Lucero-Prisno Don Eliseo , Ma Zheng Feei , Li Hao
Published: April 2023

Background

COVID-19 has affected research productivity across all areas of knowledge. Current evidence suggests that COVID-19 has had a blockbuster effect on journal impact factors (JIFs) and publication trends, while little is known on global health journals.

Methods

Twenty global health journals were included to analyse the impact of COVID-19 on their JIFs and publication trends. Indicator data, including numbers of publications, citations, articles with different types, etc, were extracted from journal websites and Web of Science Core Collection database. The JIFs from 2019 to 2021 were simulated for longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses. Interrupted time-series analysis and non-parametric tests were applied to assess whether COVID-19 had decreased non-COVID-19 publications from January 2018 to June 2022.

Results

In 2020, 615 out of 3223 publications were COVID-19 related, accounting for 19.08%. The simulated JIFs of 17 out of 20 journals in 2021 were higher than those in 2019 and 2020. Notably, 18 out of 20 journals had a decrease in their simulated JIFs after excluding COVID-19-related publications. Moreover, 10 out of 20 journals decreased their monthly numbers of non-COVID-19 publications after the COVID-19 outbreak. For all the 20 journals as a whole, after the COVID-19 outbreak in February 2020, the total number of non-COVID-19 publications significantly decreased by 14.2 compared with the previous month (p=0.013), and since then, on average, the publications had decreased by 0.6 per month until June 2022 (p<0.001).

Conclusions

COVID-19 has impacted the structure of COVID-19-related publications, the JIFs of global health journals and their numbers of non-COVID-19 publications. Although journals may benefit from increased JIFs, global health journals should avoid relying on a single metric. More follow-up studies including more years of data with a combination of metrics should be conducted to generate more robust evidence.
Exploring the use of a gamified intervention for encouraging physical activity in adolescents: a qualitative longitudinal study in Northern Ireland
Authors: Corepal Rekesh , Best Paul , O’Neill Roisin , Tully Mark A , Edwards Mark , Jago Russell , Miller Sarah J , Kee Frank , Hunter Ruth F
Published: April 2023

Objective

To explore the temporal changes of adolescents’ views and experiences of participating in a gamified intervention to encourage physical activity behaviour and associated processes of behaviour change.

Design

A qualitative longitudinal design was adopted whereby focus groups were conducted with the same participants in each intervention school (n=3) at four time-points (baseline, end of each of two intervention phases and 1-year follow-up). The framework method was used to thematically analyse the data.

Setting

Secondary schools (n=3), Belfast (Northern Ireland).

Participants

A subsample (n=19 at four time-points) of individuals aged 12–14 years who participated in the StepSmart Challenge, a gamified intervention involving a pedometer competition and material rewards to encourage physical activity behaviour change.

Results

Three core themes were identified: (1) competition; (2) incentives and (3) influence of friends. Participants indicated that a pedometer competition may help initiate physical activity but suggested that there were a number of barriers such as participants finding it ‘boring’, and feeling as though they had a remote chance of ‘winning’. ‘Incentives’ were viewed favourably, although there were participants who found not winning a prize ‘annoying’. Friends were a motivator to be more physically active, particularly for girls who felt encouraged to walk more when with a friend.

Conclusions

The intervention in general and specific gamified elements were generally viewed positively and deemed acceptable. Results suggest that gamification may have an important role to play in encouraging adolescents to engage in physical activity and in creating interventions that are fun and enjoyable. The longitudinal approach added additional depth to the analysis as themes were refined and tested with participants over time. The findings also suggest that gamified Behaviour Change Techniques align well with core concepts of Self-determination Theory and that various game elements may require tailoring for specific populations, for example, different genders.

Trial registration number

NCT02455986; Pre-results.
Randomised controlled trial of a Calcium Channel or Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor/Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Regime to Reduce Blood Pressure Variability following Ischaemic Stroke (CAARBS): a protocol for a feasibility study
Authors: Robinson Thompson G , Davison William J , Rothwell Peter M , Potter John F
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Raised blood pressure (BP) is common after stroke and is associated with a poor prognosis, yet trials of BP lowering in the immediate poststroke period have not demonstrated a benefit. One possible explanation for this may be that BP variability (BPV) rather than absolute levels predicts outcome, as BPV is increased after stroke and is associated with poor outcomes. Furthermore, there is evidence of distinct antihypertensive class effects on BPV despite similar BP-lowering effects. However, whether BPV in the immediate poststroke period is a therapeutic target has not been prospectively investigated.

The objectives of this trial are to assess the feasibility and safety of recruiting patients following an acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) to an interventional randomised controlled trial comparing the effects of two different antihypertensive drug classes on BPV. Secondary exploratory objectives are to assess if different therapeutic strategies have diverse effects on levels of BPV and if this has an impact on outcomes.

Methods

150 adult patients with first-ever ischaemic stroke or TIA who require antihypertensive therapy for secondary prevention will be recruited within 7 days of the event from stroke services across three sites. After baseline assessments they will be randomly assigned to treatment with a calcium channel blocker or ACE inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker-based regimen and followed up for a period of three months.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical and regulatory approvals have been granted. Dissemination is planned via publication in peer-reviewed medical journals and presentation at relevant conferences.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN10853487.
International prospective observational study investigating the disease course and heterogeneity of paediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease: the protocol of the PIBD-SETQuality inception cohort study
Authors: Aardoom Martine A , Kemos Polychronis , Tindemans Irma , Aloi Marina , Koletzko Sibylle , Levine Arie , Turner Dan , Veereman Gigi , Neyt Mattias , Russell Richard K , Walters Thomas D , Ruemmele Frank M , Samsom Janneke N , Croft Nicholas M , de Ridder Lissy
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Patients with paediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) may develop a complicated disease course, including growth failure, bowel resection at young age and treatment-related adverse events, all of which can have significant and lasting effects on the patient’s development and quality of life. Unfortunately, we are still not able to fully explain the heterogeneity between patients and their disease course and predict which patients will respond to certain therapies or are most at risk of developing a more complicated disease course. To investigate this, large prospective studies with long-term follow-up are needed. Currently, no such European or Asian international cohorts exist. In this international cohort, we aim to evaluate disease course and which patients are most at risk of therapy non-response or development of complicated disease based on patient and disease characteristics, immune pathology and environmental and socioeconomic factors.

Methods and analysis

In this international prospective observational study, which is part of the PIBD Network for Safety, Efficacy, Treatment and Quality improvement of care (PIBD-SETQuality), children diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease <18 years are included at diagnosis. The follow-up schedule is in line with standard PIBD care and is intended to continue up to 20 years. Patient and disease characteristics, as well as results of investigations, are collected at baseline and during follow-up. In addition, environmental factors are being assessed (eg, parent’s smoking behaviour, dietary factors and antibiotic use). In specific centres with the ability to perform extensive immunological analyses, blood samples and intestinal biopsies are being collected and analysed (flow cytometry, plasma proteomics, mRNA expression and immunohistochemistry) in therapy-naïve patients and during follow-up.

Ethics and dissemination

Medical ethical approval has been obtained prior to patient recruitment for all sites. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed scientific publications.

Trial registration number

NCT03571373.
sPinal coRd stimulatiOn coMpared with lumbar InStrumEntation for low back pain after previous lumbar decompression (PROMISE): a prospective multicentre RCT
Authors: Krauss Philipp , Motov Stefan , Bonk Maximilian Niklas , Prescher Andrea , Scorzin Jasmin , Hajiabadi Mohammad Mehdi , Schulte Dirk Michael , Sommer Bjoern , Seiz-Rosenhagen Marcel , Ahmadi Rezvan , Maciaczyk Jaroslaw , Lehmberg Jens , Shiban Ehab
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Persistent spine pain syndrome type 2 (PSPS2) represents a significant burden to the individual and society. Treatment options include revision surgery, stabilisation surgery of the spine, neuromodulation, analgesics and cognitive behavioural therapy. Nevertheless, structured treatment algorithms are missing as high-level evidence on the various treatments is sparse. The aim of this study is to compare higher frequency neuromodulation with instrumentation surgery in patients suffering from PSPS2.

Methods and analysis

The sPinal coRd stimulatiOn coMpared with lumbar InStrumEntation for low back pain after previous lumbar decompression (PROMISE) trial is a prospective randomised rater blinded multicentre study. Patients suffering from PSPS2 with a functional burden of Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) >20 points are randomised to treatment via spinal cord stimulation or spinal instrumentation. Primary outcome is back-related functional outcome according to the ODI 12 months after treatment. Secondary outcomes include pain perception (visual analogue scale), Short Form-36, EuroQOL5D, the amount of analgesics, the length of periprocedural hospitalisation and adverse events. Follow-up visits are planned at 3 and 12 months after treatment. Patients with previous lumbar instrumentation, symptomatic spinal stenosis, radiographical apparent spinal instability or severe psychiatric or systemic comorbidities are excluded from the study. In order to detect a significant difference of ≥10 points (ODI) with a power of 80%, n=72 patients need to be included. The recruitment period will be 24 months with a subsequent 12 months follow-up. The beginning of enrolment is planned for October 2022.

Ethics and dissemination

The PROMISE trial is the first randomised rater blinded multicentre study comparing the functional effectiveness of spinal instrumentation versus neuromodulation in patients with PSPS2 in order to achieve high-level evidence for these commonly used treatment options in this severely disabling condition. Patient recruitment will be performed at regular outpatient clinic visits. No further (print, social media) publicity is planned. The study is approved by the local ethics committee (LMU Munich, Germany) and will be conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki.

Trial registration number

NCT05466110.