bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seed encrusting with salicylic acid: A novel approach to improve establishment of grass species in ecological restoration
Authors: Pedrini Simone , Stevens Jason C. , Dixon Kingsley W.
Published: June 2021

To achieve global ambitions in large scale ecological restoration, there is a need for approaches that improve the efficiency of seed-based interventions, particularly in overcoming the bottleneck in the transition from germination to seedling establishment. In this study, we tested a novel seed-based application of the plant stress modulator compound salicylic acid as a means to reduce seedling losses in the seed-to-seedling phase. Seed coating technology (encrusting) was developed as a precursor for optimising field sowing for three grass species commonly used in restoration programs, Austrostipa scabra, Microlaena stipoides, and Rytidosperma geniculatum. Salicylic acid (SA, 0.1mM) was delivered to seeds via imbibition and seed encrusting. The effects of SA on seed germination were examined under controlled water-limited conditions (drought resilience) in laboratory setting and on seed germination, seedling emergence, seedling growth and plant survival in field conditions. Salicylic acid did not impact germination under water stress in controlled laboratory conditions and did not affect seedling emergence in the field. However, seedling survival and growth were improved in plants grown from SA treated seeds (imbibed and encrusted) under field conditions. When SA delivery methods of imbibing and coating were compared, there was no significant difference in survival and growth, showing that seed coating has potential to deliver SA. Effect of intraspecific competition as a result of seedling density was also considered. Seedling survival over the dry summer season was more than double at low seedling density (40 plants/m2) compared to high seedling density (380 plants/m2). Overall, adjustment of seeding rate according to expected emergence combined with the use of salicylic acid via coating could improve seed use efficiency in seed-based restoration.
Prevalence of coronary risk factors in contemporary practice among patients undergoing their first percutaneous coronary intervention: Implications for primary prevention
Authors: Gurm Zoya , Seth Milan , Daher Edouard , Pielsticker Elizabeth , Qureshi M. Imran , Zainea Mark , Tucciarone Michael , Hanzel George , Henke Peter K. , Sukul Devraj
Published: June 2021

Background

Cigarette smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and obesity are conventional risk factors (RFs) for coronary artery disease (CAD). Population trends for these RFs have varied in recent decades. Consequently, the risk factor profile for patients presenting with a new diagnosis of CAD in contemporary practice remains unknown.

Objectives

To examine the prevalence of RFs and their temporal trends among patients without a history of myocardial infarction or revascularization who underwent their first percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods

We examined the prevalence and temporal trends of RFs among patients without a history of prior myocardial infarction, PCI, or coronary artery bypass graft surgery who underwent PCI at 47 non-federal hospitals in Michigan between 1/1/2010 and 3/31/2018.

Results

Of 69,571 men and 38,930 women in the study cohort, 95.5% of patients had 1 or more RFs and nearly half (55.2% of women and 48.7% of men) had ≥3 RFs. The gap in the mean age at the time of presentation between men and women narrowed as the number of RFs increased with a gap of 6 years among those with 2 RFs to <1 year among those with 5 RFs. Compared with patients without a current/recent history of smoking, those with a current/recent history of smoking presented a decade earlier (age 56.8 versus 66.9 years; p <0.0001). Compared with patients without obesity, patients with obesity presented 4.0 years earlier (age 61.4 years versus 65.4 years; p <0.0001).

Conclusions

Modifiable RFs are widely prevalent among patients undergoing their first PCI. Smoking and obesity are associated with an earlier age of presentation. Population-level interventions aimed at preventing obesity and smoking could significantly delay the onset of CAD and the need for PCI.
How bad is the mere presence of a phone? A replication of Przybylski and Weinstein (2013) and an extension to creativity
Authors: Linares Claire , Sellier Anne-Laure
Published: June 2021

A 2013 article reported two experiments suggesting that the mere presence of a cellphone (vs. a notebook) can impair the relationship quality between strangers. The purpose of the present research is twofold: (1) closely replicate this article’s findings, and (2) examine whether there may be an impact of the mere presence of a phone on creativity, whether at a group- or an individual- level. In two experiments (N= 356 participants, 136 groups), we followed the original procedure in the 2013 article. In particular, groups of participants who had never seen each other before the study had a conversation in the mere presence of either a smartphone or a notebook. The participants then carried out creative tasks, in groups (Studies 1 and 2) or alone (Study 1). In both studies, we failed to replicate the original results on relationship quality. We also failed to find any effect of the mere presence of a phone on creativity. We discuss possible reasons which may have caused differences between our results and the original ones. Our main conclusion is an effect of the mere presence of a phone on relationship quality and creativity is at minimum harder to find than what was previously assumed in the literature. More generally, this research contributes to qualify the view that smartphones are harmful.
A Roman provincial city and its contamination legacy from artisanal and daily-life activities
Authors: Holdridge Genevieve , Kristiansen Søren M. , Barfod Gry H. , Kinnaird Tim C. , Lichtenberger Achim , Olsen Jesper , Philippsen Bente , Raja Rubina , Simpson Ian
Published: June 2021

Roman metal use and related extraction activities resulted in heavy metal pollution and contamination, in particular of Pb near ancient mines and harbors, as well as producing a global atmospheric impact. New evidence from ancient Gerasa (Jerash), Jordan, suggests that small-scale but intense Roman, Byzantine and Umayyad period urban, artisanal, and everyday site activities contributed to substantial heavy metal contamination of the city and its hinterland wadi, even though no metal mining took place and hardly any lead water pipes were used. Distribution of heavy metal contaminants, especially Pb, observed in the urban soils and sediments within this ancient city and its hinterland wadi resulted from aeolian, fluvial, cultural and post-depositional processes. These represent the contamination pathways of an ancient city-hinterland setting and reflect long-term anthropogenic legacies at local and regional scales beginning in the Roman period. Thus, urban use and re-use of heavy metal sources should be factored into understanding historical global-scale contaminant distributions.
In vitro intestinal digestion of lipids from the marine diatom Porosira glacialis compared to commercial LC n-3 PUFA products
Authors: Dalheim Lars , Svenning Jon Brage , Olsen Ragnar Ludvig
Published: June 2021

Marine sources of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) are in high demand for use in health supplements. Mass cultivated marine microalgae is a promising and sustainable source of LC n-3 PUFA, which relieves pressure on natural fish stocks. The lipid class profile from cultivated photosynthetic algae differ from the marine organisms currently used for the production of LC n-3 PUFA. The objective of this study was to compare in vitro intestinal digestion of oil extracted from the cold-adapted marine diatom Porosira glacialis with commercially available LC n-3 PUFA supplements; cod liver oil, krill oil, ethyl ester concentrate, and oil from the copepod Calanus finmarchicus (Calanus® oil). The changes in the free fatty acids and neutral and polar lipids during the enzymatic hydrolysis were characterized by liquid and gas chromatography. In Calanus® oil and the Ethyl ester concentrate, the free fatty acids increased very little (4.0 and 4.6%, respectively) during digestion. In comparison, free fatty acids in Krill oil and P. glacialis oil increased by 14.7 and 17.0%, respectively. Cod liver oil had the highest increase (28.2%) in free fatty acids during the digestion. Monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids were more easily released than polyunsaturated fatty acids in all five oils.
A multi-objective scheduling method for operational coordination time using improved triangular fuzzy number representation
Authors: Zhao Luda , Wang Bin , Shen Congyong
Published: June 2021

In modern warfare, the comprehensiveness of combat domain and the complexity of tasks pose great challenges to operational coordination.To address this challenge, we use the improved triangular fuzzy number to express the combat mission time, first present a new multi-objective operational cooperative time scheduling model that takes the fluctuation of combat coordinative time and the time flexibility between each task into account. The resulting model is essentially a large-scale multi-objective combinatorial optimization problem, intractably complicated to solve optimally. We next propose multi-objective improved Bat algorithm based on angle decomposition (MOIBA/AD) to quickly identify high-quality solutions to the model. Our proposed algorithm improves the decomposition strategy by replacing the planar space with the angle space, which helps greatly reduce the difficulty of processing evolutionary individuals and hence the time complexity of the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D). Moreover, the population replacement strategy is enhanced utilizing the improved bat algorithm, which helps evolutionary individuals avoid getting trapped in local optima. Computational experiments on multi-objective operational cooperative time scheduling (MOOCTS) problems of different scales demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method over four state-of-the-art multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs), including multi-objective bat Algorithm (MOBA), MOEA/D, non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm version II (NSGA-II) and multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm (MOPSO). Our proposed method performs better in terms of four performance criteria, producing solutions of higher quality while keeping a better distribution of the Pareto solution set.
Lack of efficacy of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia: A retrospective study
Authors: Saib Anis , Amara Walid , Wang Pascal , Cattan Simon , Dellal Azeddine , Regaieg Kais , Nahon Stephane , Nallet Olivier , Nguyen Lee S.
Published: June 2021

Background

Hydroxychloroquine combined with azithromycin (HCQ/AZI) has initially been used against coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). In this retrospective study, we assessed the clinical effects of HCQ/AZI, with a 28-days follow-up.

Methods

In a registry-study which included patients hospitalized for COVID-19 between March 15 and April 2, 2020, we compared patients who received HCQ/AZI to those who did not, regarding a composite outcome of mortality and mechanical ventilation with a 28-days follow-up. QT was monitored for patients treated with HCQ/AZI. Were excluded patients in intensive care units, palliative care and ventilated within 24 hours of admission. Three analyses were performed to adjust for selection bias: propensity score matching, multivariable survival, and inverse probability score weighting (IPSW) analyses.

Results

Overall, 203 patients were included: 60 patients treated by HCQ/AZI and 143 control patients. During the 28-days follow-up, 32 (16.3%) patients presented the primary outcome and 23 (12.3%) patients died. Propensity-score matching identified 52 unique pairs of patients with similar characteristics. In the matched cohort (n = 104), HCQ/AZI was not associated with the primary composite outcome (log-rank p-value = 0.16). In the overall cohort (n = 203), survival and IPSW analyses also found no benefit from HCQ/AZI. In the HCQ/AZI group, 11 (18.3%) patients prolonged QT interval duration, requiring treatment cessation.

Conclusions

HCQ/AZI combination therapy was not associated with lower in-hospital mortality and mechanical ventilation rate, with a 28-days follow-up. In the HCQ/AZI group, 18.3% of patients presented a prolonged QT interval requiring treatment cessation, however, control group was not monitored for this adverse event, making comparison impossible.
Spatial clustering and temporal trend analysis of international migrants diagnosed with tuberculosis in Brazil
Authors: Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre , Berra Thaís Zamboni , Terena Nahari de Faria Marcos , Rocha Matheus Piumbini , Ferraz de Araújo Alecrim Tatiana , de Souza Kihara Fernanda Miye , Mascarello Keila Cristina , Martins Sales Carolina Maia , Maciel Ethel Leonor Noia
Published: June 2021

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) in migrants is of concern to health authorities worldwide and is even more critical in Brazil, considering the country´s size and long land borders. The aim of the study was to identify critical areas in Brazil for migrants diagnosed with TB and to describe the temporal trend in this phenomenon in recent years.

Methods

This is an ecological study that used spatial analysis and time series analysis. As the study population, all cases of migrants diagnosed with TB from 2014 to 2019 were included, and Brazilian municipalities were considered as the unit of ecological analysis. The Getis-Ord Gi* technique was applied to identify critical areas, and based on the identified clusters, seasonal-trend decomposition based on loess (STL) and Prais-Winsten autoregression were used, respectively, to trace and classify temporal trend in the analyzed series. In addition, several municipal socioeconomic indicators were selected to verify the association between the identified clusters and social vulnerability.

Results

2,471 TB cases were reported in migrants. Gi* analysis showed that areas with spatial association with TB in immigrants coincide with critical areas for TB in the general population (coast of the Southeast and North regions). Four TB clusters were identified in immigrants in the states of Amazonas, Roraima, São Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro, with an upward trend in most of these clusters. The temporal trend in TB in immigrants was classified as increasing in Brazil (+ 60.66% per year [95% CI: 27.21–91.85]) and in the clusters in the states of Amazonas, Roraima, and Rio de Janeiro (+1.01, +2.15, and + 2.90% per year, respectively). The cluster in the state of São Paulo was the only one classified as stationary. The descriptive data on the municipalities belonging to the clusters showed evidence of the association between TB incidence and conditions of social vulnerability.

Conclusions

The study revealed the critical situation of TB among migrants in the country. Based on the findings, health authorities might focus on actions in regions identified, stablishing an intensive monitoring and following up, ensuring that these cases concluded their treatment and avoiding that they could spread the disease to the other regions or scenarios. The population of migrants are very dynamic, therefore strategies for following up them across Brazil are really urgent to manage the tuberculosis among international migrants in an efficient and proper way.
The impact of organizational culture on professional fulfillment and burnout in an academic department of medicine
Authors: Burns Karen E. A. , Pattani Reena , Lorens Edmund , Straus Sharon E. , Hawker Gillian A.
Published: June 2021

Physician wellness is vital to career satisfaction, provision of high quality patient care, and the successful education of the next generation of physicians. Despite this, the number of physicians experience symptoms of burnout is rising. To assess the impact of organizational culture on physicians’ professional fulfillment and burnout, we surveyed full-time Department of Medicine members at the University of Toronto. A cross-sectional survey assessed: physician factors (age, gender, minority status, disability, desire to reduce clinical workload); workplace culture (efforts to create a collegial environment, respectful/civil interactions, confidence to address unprofessionalism without reprisal, witnessed and/or personally experienced unprofessionalism); professional fulfillment and burnout using the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index. We used multivariable linear regression to examine the relationship of measures of workplace culture on professional fulfillment and burnout (scores 0–10), controlling for physician factors. Of 419 respondents (52.0% response rate), we included 400 with complete professional fulfillment and burnout data in analyses (60% ≤ age 50, 45% female). Mean scores for professional fulfillment and burnout were 6.7±1.9 and 2.8±1.9, respectively. Controlling for physician factors, professional fulfillment was associated with satisfaction with efforts to create a collegial environment (adjusted beta 0.45, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.70) and agreement that colleagues were respectful/civil (adjusted beta 0.85, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.17). Lower professional fulfillment was associated with higher burnout scores. Controlling for professional fulfillment and physician factors, lower confidence in taking action to address unprofessionalism (adjusted beta -0.22, 95% CI -0.40 to -0.03) was associated with burnout. Organizational culture and physician factors had an impact on professional fulfillment and burnout. Professional fulfillment partially mediated the relationship between organizational culture and burnout. Strategies that promote inclusion, respect and civility, and safe ways to report workplace unprofessionalism are needed in academic medicine.
Coordination of a fresh agricultural product supply chain with option contract under cost and loss disruptions
Authors: Wan Nana , Li Li , Wu Xiaozhi , Fan Jianchang
Published: June 2021

This paper analyzes the option coordination problem of a fresh agricultural product supply chain under two supply chain structures, when the production cost and the loss rate are disrupted simultaneously. This paper provides the explicit option coordination conditions for the disrupted supply chain under two supply chain structures, and then explores the effects of the disruptions and supply chain structure on the option coordination conditions. The results suggest that it is unfavorable to apply the original coordinating contracts without disruptions to coordinate the disrupted supply chain. The coordination of the disrupted supply chain can be achieved with knowledge of the distribution of demand. In two coordinating contracts for the disrupted supply chain, the exercise price is still at the original level without disruptions while the option price deviates from the original level without disruptions. Moreover, the relationships of the coordination conditions in two supply chain structures depend on the value of the profit allocation coefficient. When the profit allocation coefficient exceeds (falls behind) a certain threshold, the option price is set at a higher (lower) value in the supplier-led supply chain structure than in the distributor-led supply chain structure, while the exercise price is set at a lower (higher) value in the supplier-led supply chain structure than in the distributor-led supply chain structure. Finally, the disrupted supply chain with any supply chain structure will perform better in the modified coordinating contracts than in the original coordinating contracts without disruptions.
Bipolar Transurethral Enucleation of the Prostate: Is it a size-independent endoscopic treatment option for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia?
Authors: Bebi Carolina , Turetti Matteo , Lievore Elena , Ripa Francesco , Rocchini Lorenzo , Spinelli Matteo Giulio , De Lorenzis Elisa , Albo Giancarlo , Longo Fabrizio , Gadda Franco , Dell’Orto Paolo Guido , Salonia Andrea , Montanari Emanuele , Boeri Luca
Published: June 2021

Background

Bipolar Transurethral Enucleation of the Prostate (B-TUEP) is recommended as a first-choice treatment for benign prostatic obstruction in prostates >80 ml. Differently, B-TUEP is only considered as an alternative option after TURP for smaller prostates (30–80 ml). The aim of our study is to assess the relation between prostate size and surgical outcomes after B-TUEP.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of data collected from 172 patients submitted to B-TUEP. Patients were segregated according to tertiles of prostate volume (PV) (≤60 ml, 61–110 ml, >110 ml). For each group we evaluated enucleation efficacy (enucleated weight/enucleation time), complication rates, urinary and sexual function parameters. Functional and sexual parameters were compared between groups at baseline, 1 and 3 months follow up. Descriptive statistics and linear and logistic regression models tested the association between PV and postoperative complications/outcomes.

Results

Operative time and weight of enucleated adenomas increased along with prostate volumes (all p≤0.01). Enucleation efficacy was higher in men with PV >110 ml compared to other groups (p≤0.001). Length of hospital stay, catheterization time and rates of postoperative complications, such as transfusion and clot evacuation rates and bladder neck/urethral strictures, were comparable between groups. Urinary symptoms improved at 1-and 3-months in each group as compared to baseline evaluation (all p<0.01) but they did not differ according to PV. In each group maximum urinary flow and post-void residual volume significantly improved at 3 months compared to baseline (all p≤0.01), without differences according to PV. Sexual symptoms were similar between groups at each follow up assessment. At multivariable linear and logistic regression analysis, prostate volume was not associated with postoperative functional outcomes and complications. Conversely, patient’s comorbid status and antiplatelet/anticoagulation use were independently associated with postoperative complications.

Conclusion

According to our findings, B-TUEP should be considered a “size independent procedure” as it can provide symptom relief in men with prostates of all sizes with the same efficacy and safety profile.
Epigenetic Plasticity Enables CNS-Trafficking of EBV-infected B Lymphocytes
Authors: Soldan Samantha S. , Su Chenhe , Lamontagne R. Jason , Grams Nicholas , Lu Fang , Zhang Yue , Gesualdi James D. , Frase Drew M. , Tolvinski Lois E. , Martin Kayla , Messick Troy E. , Fingerut Jonathan T. , Koltsova Ekaterina , Kossenkov Andrew , Lieberman Paul M.
Published: June 2021

Subpopulations of B-lymphocytes traffic to different sites and organs to provide diverse and tissue-specific functions. Here, we provide evidence that epigenetic differences confer a neuroinvasive phenotype. An EBV+ B cell lymphoma cell line (M14) with low frequency trafficking to the CNS was neuroadapted to generate a highly neuroinvasive B-cell population (MUN14). MUN14 B cells efficiently infiltrated the CNS within one week and produced neurological pathologies. We compared the gene expression profiles of viral and cellular genes using RNA-Seq and identified one viral (EBNA1) and several cellular gene candidates, including secreted phosphoprotein 1/osteopontin (SPP1/OPN), neuron navigator 3 (NAV3), CXCR4, and germinal center-associated signaling and motility protein (GCSAM) that were selectively upregulated in MUN14. ATAC-Seq and ChIP-qPCR revealed that these gene expression changes correlated with epigenetic changes at gene regulatory elements. The neuroinvasive phenotype could be attenuated with a neutralizing antibody to OPN, confirming the functional role of this protein in trafficking EBV+ B cells to the CNS. These studies indicate that B-cell trafficking to the CNS can be acquired by epigenetic adaptations and provide a new model to study B-cell neuroinvasion associated CNS lymphoma and autoimmune disease of the CNS, including multiple sclerosis (MS).
La filosofía y el amor
Authors: Bonete Perales Enrique
Published: June 2021

El amor es uno de los temas emblemáticos que han estado presentes en las más diversas manifestaciones culturales como expresión del modo de ser y de las formas de vida humana que en su misma entraña aspiran a su mejor realización a través de un anhelo compartido y realizado con otros y entre otros. La presencia del amor en la filosofía es tan antigua como el mismo desarrollo del pensamiento humano y de las ideas que lo van perfilando a través del tiempo. Ciertamente, no es posible reducir esta presencia a la filosofía occidental, aunque es inevitable constatar que las fuentes de nuestra cultura se nutren principalmente de ella. Por ello, en la cultura helénica encontramos el origen más genuino de la nuestra y en su desarrollo aparece una multiplicidad de reflexiones en torno al amor, que forman parte de la historia intelectual de todos los tiempos. Desde entonces hasta nuestros días, la historia del pensamiento, con su sincronía y diacronía, opera tanto sobre el fecundo suelo de la especulación teórica como sobre el hondo interés que encierra toda pregunta, filosófica o no, sobre el amor y su peculiar manera de salir al encuentro del ser humano.
Do Wild Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) Use Tools When Hunting Walruses (Odobenus rosmarus)?
Authors: Stirling Ian , Laidre Kristin L. , Born Erik W.
Published: June 2021

Since the late 1700s, reports of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) using tools (i.e., pieces of ice or stones) to kill walruses (Odobenus rosmarus) have been passed on verbally to explorers and naturalists by their Inuit guides, based on local traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) as well as accounts of direct observations or interpretations of tracks in the snow made by the Inuit hunters who reported them. To assess the possibility that polar bears may occasionally use tools to hunt walruses in the wild, we summarize 1) observations described to early explorers and naturalists by Inuit hunters about polar bears using tools, 2) more recent documentation in the literature from Inuit hunters and scientists, and 3) recent observations of a polar bear in a zoo spontaneously using tools to access a novel food source. These observations and previously published experiments on brown bears (Ursus arctos) confirm that, in captivity, polar and brown bears are both capable of conceptualizing the use of a tool to obtain a food source that would otherwise not be accessible. Based on the information from all our sources, this may occasionally also have been the case in the wild. We suggest that possible tool use by polar bears in the wild is infrequent and mainly limited to hunting walruses because of their large size, difficulty to kill, and their possession of potentially lethal weapons for both their own defense and the direct attack of a predator.
How Reindeer Herders Cope with Harsh Winter Conditions in Northern Finland: Insights from an Interview Study
Authors: Turunen Minna , Soppela Päivi , Ocobock Cara
Published: June 2021

Reindeer herding involves hard physical work carried out in a cold climate under variable weather conditions. In the fall and winter, herders’ work in northern Finland includes collecting and moving reindeer herds to round-up sites, working in round-ups, slaughtering and processing meat as well as daily feeding and monitoring of the animals in the field. To study the experiences and perceptions of coping with cold among physically active herders in harsh winter conditions, we interviewed 22 herders from six herding districts of the central reindeer management area within the north boreal coniferous forest zone. We focused on behavioral and cultural strategies that accompany the physiological cold adaptations. Semi-structured interviews revealed that the main behavioral and cultural strategies used by herders to successfully carry out their duties while avoiding cold-related injury include clothing, physical activity, nutrition, and shelter as well as protecting vehicles and devices. Herders across sex, age, and herding district reported using modern layered clothing developed for extreme conditions, often combined with traditional footwear and clothes made of reindeer fur or woollen fabric. In addition, herders increase their physical activity; eat warm, energy-rich foods; make fires; stay overnight or take breaks in a house or a cabin, a car, or other protected places to reduce exposure to the harsh environment. Coping with extreme conditions not only requires flexibility, preparedness, and innovation from the herders but also thoughtful caution when approaching and managing unexpected situations. We conclude that modernization of reindeer husbandry, climate change, and rapidly increasing land use competition not only drive herders to modify their behavioral and cultural coping mechanisms for extreme weather conditions but may also create new, unexpected vulnerabilities.
The Effects of Power, Weather, and Mood on Customers’ Impulsive Buying Behavior
Authors: Jung Sang-Uk , Woo Nayoung
Published: June 2021

In this study, the consumer types were divided into two groups: power and powerless. First, depending on the sense of power, the interaction effect between power and powerless was verified based on two types of weather: sunny and cloudy. Secondly, the purchase intention of luxury goods was examined as a dependent variable and the difference in purchase behavior patterns were observed. Lastly, based on the mood-congruent effect of consumer purchase intentions, it was confirmed that power influences weather, and the weather and mood are influenced by each other, as also manifested in empirical studies. In particular, the power group had a more significant effect than the powerless group, and the positive mood and weather played a big role for consumers’ intention to purchase luxury goods. Therefore, this study can contribute both theoretically and practically to prepare appropriate marketing strategy plans based on weather and consumer roles—power and powerless.
Moving Curve of Civilization
Authors: Eid Salah
Published: June 2021

One glance to the map of the Earth shows us that the main centers and sub centers of civilization are distributed on the surface of the Earth according to a very accurate geometrical system: the main ones are located on a strait line from Egypt to Greece to western Europe. From Egypt in the ancient times , and from Western Europe in modern times a curve extends to the right and left on which the sub centers are located, this curve moved completely from its northern position in ancient times to its southern position in modern times where one thousand years separates the two ancient and modern stages of civilization,  this period had been filled by Greeks and Arabs through which we are going to tell the story of this moving curve between its two ancient and modern positions. Briefly seven hundreds of years had been filled by Greeks : one century in Athena, six centuries in Alexandria of Egypt,( where the curve returned to its southern position),  and three centuries by Arabs in Bagdad in Iraq before the third stage of modern civilization began its role in its main center , western Europe.
Developing Financial Sources: The Case Of Small And Medium Enterprises In Vietnam
Authors: Xuan Le Thanh , Trọng Trịnh Đức , Phong Le Thai
Published: June 2021

Although Vietnam's business environment has undergone fundamental changes to create favourable conditions for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to develop, SMEs are having difficulties in their existing operation and are facing constraints in accessing financial sources. This research aims to analyze the situation of financial sources and produce the relevant recommendations for small and medium enterprises in Vietnam. The authors use secondary data from government official websites of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam about Vietnam's SME survey of Ha Noi Capital in the period 2014 – 2020. By observing and analyzing the collected data, the study provides a detailed description of the findings and relevant recommendations. After examining and investigating data and current studies about Vietnamese SMEs, the authors find that, in general, main constraints in accessing financial sources of SMEs are chiefly caused by (i) macroeconomic conditions, (ii) capacity management, (iii) lack of network and (iv) collateral requirements. The findings suggest implications for Vietnamese SMEs to improve financial sources should focus on: (i) training SMEs’ leaders to tackle potential risks and crises; (ii) creating new financial products and services in environmental and social development in Ha Noi Capital; (iii) developing new credit accessibility products without collaterals for SMEs. Different from prior studies that either provide current situation and list constraints of SMEs or make suggestions without sticking to the actual situation, the authors deliver a more comprehensive analysis about SMEs in the context of a developing country like Vietnam.
Has political correctness gone mad? Trevor Phillips and the backlash thesis
Authors: Pilkington Andrew
Published: June 2021

The concept of political correctness, or more accurately, anti-political correctness has re-emerged in the last decade as a major interpretive framework in the media. Populist politicians such as Trump in the US and Farage (a key advocate of Brexit) and Johnson in the UK for example routinely draw upon a discourse featuring political correctness as a bete noire. While the attack on PC is typically made by conservatives, I focus in this paper on a left wing critic, Trevor Phillips who argues that the prevasiveness of PC has fueled a populist backlash. It is argued, contrary to Phillips, that it is not PC but an anti-PC discourse that lies behind the success of populist politicians in the UK and US and that the campaign against political correctness plays well with their supporters.
A thermodynamic assessment of precipitation, growth, and control of MnS inclusion in U75V heavy rail steel
Authors: Ren Wen-Qiang , Wang Lu , Xue Zheng-Liang , Li Cheng-Zhi , Zhu Hang-Yu , Huang Ao , Li Chang
Published: June 2021

Thermodynamic analysis of the precipitation behavior, growth kinetic, and control mechanism of MnS inclusion in U75V heavy rail steel was conducted in this study. The results showed that solute element S had a much higher segregation ratio than that of Mn, and MnS would only precipitate in the solid–liquid (two-phase) regions at the late stage during the solidification process at the solid fraction of 0.9518. Increasing the cooling rate had no obvious influence on the precipitation time of MnS inclusion; however, its particle size would be decreased greatly. The results also suggested that increasing the concentration of Mn would lead to an earlier precipitation time of MnS, while it had little effect on the final particle size; as to S, it was found that increasing its concentration could not only make the precipitation time earlier but also make the particle size larger. Adding a certain amount of Ti additive could improve the mechanical properties of U75V heavy rail steel due to the formation of TiO
x
–MnS or MnS–TiS complex inclusions. The precipitation sequences of Ti3O5 → Ti2O3 → TiO2 → TiO → MnS → TiS for Ti treatment were determined based on the thermodynamic calculation.
Dynamic response of Mathieu–Duffing oscillator with Caputo derivative
Authors: Tang Jianhua , Yin Chuntao
Published: June 2021

In this paper, the harmonic balance method and its variants are used to analyze the response of Mathieu–Duffing oscillator with Caputo derivative. First, the exact and approximate expressions of the Caputo derivatives of trigonometric function and composite function are derived. Next, using the approximate expression of the Caputo derivative of the composite function, the resonance of Duffing oscillator with Caputo derivative is analyzed by the harmonic balance method. Finally, Mathieu–Duffing oscillator with Caputo derivative is approximated by three kinds of methods, i.e., the harmonic balance method, the residue harmonic balance method and the improved harmonic balance method. The corresponding numerical simulations are given to illustrate the performance of these methods as well. The results show that the residue harmonic balance method is more precise than the harmonic balance method and the improved harmonic balance method in analyzing the dynamic response of Mathieu–Duffing oscillator with Caputo derivative.
Do minority-language and majority-language students benefit from pedagogical translanguaging in early foreign language development?
Authors: Hopp Holger , Kieseier Teresa , Jakisch Jenny , Sturm Sarah , Thoma Dieter
Published: June 2021

This paper reports findings of a project on pedagogical translanguaging (PTL) among 128 fourth-grade students learning English as a foreign language (EFL) in German primary schools. Over a period of six months, 20% of lesson time in EFL classes was devoted to multilingualism involving students’ minority languages. In a control group pre-post-test design, we evaluated the effects of PTL on English vocabulary, grammar, and metalinguistic awareness. The longitudinal results show significant gains for both majority-language and minority-language students across all competences. Yet, the PTL group did not outperform a comparison group that received regular, i.e. target-language-only EFL teaching. We critically discuss the scope and potentials of PTL in early FL teaching.
Role of entropy in η

i
-mode driven nonlinear structures obtained by homotopy perturbation method in electron–positron–ion plasma
Authors: Khan Aziz , Zakir U. , Haque Qamar ul , Qamar Anisa
Published: June 2021

We present an analysis of the effect of entropy on ion temperature gradient η

i
-mode driven solitary and shock waves in electron–positron–ion plasma having density and temperature inhomogeneities. Linear and nonlinear analysis having solutions in form of solitons and shocks shows that entropy influence changes the drift mode instability. Different limiting cases when (i) temperature fluctuations due to E × B only (η

i
≫ 2/3), (ii) in the absence of entropy and (iii) neglecting positron effect (β = 1) are discussed. The homotophy perturbation method (HPM) is applied on the derived Korteweg–de-Vries (KdV) and KdV–Burger equations under small time approximation. It is found that both results, those obtained analytically and by the HPM technique, strongly agree with each other. These investigations may be useful to study low frequency electrostatic modes in magnetized electron–positron–ion plasma. For illustration, the model has been applied to the nonlinear electrostatic excitations in interstellar medium and tokamak plasma.
Study of the Required Directional Color Contour Option for the Controlled Weave Application in the Jacquard Graph Designing
Authors: Panneerselvam R. G. , Prakash C.
Published: June 2021

The jacquard graph designers need to edit the motif outline perfectly as per the required shape. Then the designer has to retain the perfection of the edited boundary by the controlled application of binding weave marks. In this study, the possibility of using the “required directional color contour option” for controlled/restricted application of binding weaves in jacquard graph designing to get a perfect boundary of figure and ground is explored. The necessity of controlled application of binding weave marks required for extra warp, extra weft, and single cloth figured graph designing is noted. The presently used “all directional color contour option” is studied. The required directional color contour option available in the Arahpaint software is analyzed. The steps involved in using the “required directional color contour option” with the “brush option” for the application of binding weaves are explored. It is noted that all directional color contour option is an indirect methodology, whereas required directional color contour option is a direct methodology. It is observed that the systematic use of the required directional color contour option restricts the application of binding weave marks only in the essential places and avoids it in the nonrequired edges and corners of figure and ground portions of the graph design. By this, the edited design boundary is maintained without any distortion in shape even after the application of binding weave marks. It enables for flawless application of binding weave for the smallest and intricate figured extra warp, extra weft, and single cloth figured graph designs.
Priming Feminine Typical Traits Does Not Change Autobiographical Memory Narrative Content
Authors: Grysman Azriel , Wang Qi
Published: June 2021

Gender differences in autobiographical memory have been reported in many studies using narrative coding of features including emotion word use, connectedness to others, and event specific details, with women using more of these narrative features than men. The current pair of studies explored if these narrative tendencies are linked to a sense of self being feminine, by priming female participants to rate themselves on stereotypically feminine trait terms related to emotionality and relationships. In study 1, an online study, participants provided one high point and one low point memory narrative, either in a priming or control group. Narrative coding only differed between the prime and control groups on one of five narrative coded variables, and order effects suggested that the prime may not have been strong enough to influence the second narrative or low point narratives. Study 2 remedied methodological concerns by conducting in-person data collection, strengthening the prime, and eliciting only high point narratives. In study 2, no effects of the prime were found on narrative coded variables. Findings suggest these narrative variables are not influenced by priming femininity and contribute to a growing literature that is deepening an understanding of the source of gender differences in autobiographical memory.
Factors that interfere with total physical inactivity in overweight women
Authors: Mussi Fernanda Carneiro , Nascimento Taise Santos do , Palmeira Cátia Suely , Pitanga Francisco José Gondim , Ferreira Flávia Silva , Coelho Ana Carla Carvalho , Santos Carlos Antônio de Souza Teles
Published: June 2021

Objective: to investigate the variables that interfere with total physical inactivity in overweight women. Methods: cross-sectional research that collected sociodemographic data, self-perceived health, self-efficacy for physical activity, weight, and height in 142 women. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to evaluate physical activity. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. A 5% statistical significance level was adopted. Results: the prevalence of total physical inactivity was 34.5%. A significant association between total physical inactivity and age was found in the bivariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, only women with regular and poor self-perceived health showed an increase of 124% and 150%, respectively, of total physical inactivity. Conclusion: physical inactivity was associated with regular and poor self-perception of health, being a health parameter for the development of health promotion policies and actions.
Measures for the prevention of COVID-19 transmission for prehospital care workers
Authors: Souza Moema Santos , Silva Marina Aparecida Chrispim , Silva Doane Martins da , Lieberenz Larissa Viana Almeida , Maia Mariana Almeida , Alves Marília
Published: June 2021

Objective: to identify measures to prevent transmission of COVID-19 for prehospital care health care workers. Methods: integrative review using LILACS and BDENF databases via the Virtual Health Library, CINAHL, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS. Results: eight publications were included that presented recommendations regarding the use of safety equipment by healthcare professionals and ambulance drivers and measures to prevent the risk of infection during invasive airborne procedures in suspected or contaminated COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: the preventive measures directed to prehospital care professionals were proper use of personal protective equipment and changes in the management of suspected/contaminated patients by COVID-19 and in invasive procedures or transportation of these patients. In addition, it is essential the cleaning and disinfection of the ambulances and their equipment.
Vinte anos da Rev Rene
Authors: Cardoso Maria Vera Lúcia Moreira Leitão , Pagliuca Lorita Marlena Freitag
Published: June 2021

Rev Rene. v.22, 2021, ISSN 2175-6783DOI: https://doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.20212270972, e-location: e70972
No editorial , com número DOI: 10.15253/2175-6783.20202143362>, publicado no periódico Rev Rene. 2020; 21:e43362, na página <2>, disponível em: http://www.revenf.bvs.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-38522020000100100&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt&ORIGINALLANG=pt
Onde se lia: “8.662”
Leia-se: “1.567”
Outcome of patients with intrathyroidal thymic carcinoma: a pooled analysis
Authors: Gurizzan Cristina , Zamparini Manuel , Volante Marco , Tovazzi Valeria , Amoroso Vito , Consoli Francesca , Petrelli Fausto , Grisanti Salvatore , Bossi Paolo , Berruti Alfredo
Published: June 2021

Intrathyroidal thymic carcinoma (ITC) is a rare thyroid tumor that resembles thymic carcinoma, for which there are no recommendations on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. We performed a pooled analysis of published ITC cases to describe the natural history of this disease and identify prognostic factors. We performed a systematic review of histopathological-confirmed ITC cases published in the literature in English. The following keywords were used: 'intrathyroidal thymic carcinoma', 'carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation', 'CASTLE tumor', 'thyroid carcinoma showing thymus like differentiation'. Fifty eligible publications were identified, providing data from 132 patients, plus a case diagnosed at our institution. Median disease-free survival (DFS) of this patient series was 144 months (range 91–197), while median overall survival (OS) was not reached. Upfront surgery was performed in 97% of patients and 24% of them experienced disease recurrence after a median of 19 months (range 13–25). Complaining of major symptoms, as a sign of more advanced local stage, was the only prognostic factor significantly associated with a higher risk of death at multivariate analysis (HR 4.903, 95% CI: 1.092–22.008, P  = 0.038). Postoperative radiation therapy was not associated with prognosis, while not enough data were available to assess the efficacy of chemotherapy. ITC is a rather indolent disease and ITC patients have a relatively good prognosis. Surgery is the mainstay of therapy. Survival outcome of patients depends on tumor burden and complete surgical resection. Postoperative radiation effect seems to be negligible. Data on the efficacy of chemotherapy in advanced patients are lacking.
Wykonywanie oraz monitorowanie i kontrola skuteczności procesu mycia-dezynfekcji
Authors: Kudzia-Karwowska Dorota
Published: June 2021

Pierwszym krokiem w reprocesowaniu instrumentarium medycznego jest oczyszczanie, mycie i dezynfekcja. Ten krok musi zostać wykonany w sposób dokładny i z pełną odpowiedzialnością, ponieważ od jego skuteczności zależy efekt finalny procedury dekontaminacji instrumentarium medycznego. Ustawodawca nie określa w formie aktu prawnego w jaki sposób należy kontrolować wykonywane procedury w centralnej sterylizatorni. W aktach prawnych pojawia się informacja o wymaganiach względem wyposażenia jednostki (Dz. U. z 2018 r., poz. 2190 i 2219 oraz z 2019 r., poz. 492). Zasady monitorowania i kontroli procedur dekontaminacji określają wytyczne krajowe i zagraniczne (CDC) oraz normy PKN.