bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal aging effect on the failure loads of adhesively strap joints
Authors: Turan Kadir
Published: April 2019

In this study, the effects of thermal aging on failure loads in adhesively strap joints were investigated. Thermal aging treatment was applied to the woven glass fibre/epoxy composite plates with eight-layered 0° fibre reinforcement angle, epoxy-based adhesive and to the adhesively strap joints produced with these materials. The strength of the adhesively strap joints of single strap and double strap was determined by static tensile tests. Three conditions were analyzed in the thermal aging process. The first group samples were thermally aged at a temperature of 75, 100 and 150℃ with a constant time of 4 h. The second group samples were thermally aged at a constant temperature of 150℃ for 2, 4, 6 and 8 h and the third group samples were kept at room temperature (not aged). The failure loads of samples which are exposed to thermal aging were compared with the failure loads of the non-aged samples. As a result of experimental studies, it has been determined that the failure loads of thermally aged samples have increased by 27.7% to 133.1%.
Job Demands–Resources and Flourishing: Exploring Workplace Bullying as a Potential Mediator
Authors: Nel Elzabé , Coetzee Melinde
Published: April 2019

Flourishing in the workplace can bring about various positive outcomes for individual and organizational well-being. This study explored the interactional effect of workplace bullying on the relationship between job demands–resources and flourishing. A convenience sample of 1102 employees was selected, and these employees completed an online survey that explored this relationship. Mediation analysis revealed that low job demands were linked to lower levels of workplace bullying, which in turn correlated with higher levels of flourishing. Workplace bullying partially mediated the job demands–flourishing relationship, but not the job resources–flourishing relation. The results were interpreted based on the job demands–resources theory, followed by recommendations for practice and future research.
Application of a novel plasma-based method of introducing maleic acid and pentaerythritol phosphate urea salt onto polyester fabrics for durable flame-retardant treatment
Authors: Zhou Tianchi , Wang Yangyang , Xu Haodong , Cai Lu , Liu Yanchun , Zeng Chunmei
Published: April 2019

In this work, a novel anti-flame poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabric was successfully fabricated by plasma-based technology combined with pad-dry-cure treatment finishing. Low-temperature plasma can graft maleic acid (MA) onto a PET polymer backbone, which can activate the PET fiber and provide the opportunity of reaction with pentaerythritol phosphate urea salt (PEPAS) to achieve an excellent and durable anti-flame ability. Furthermore, the chemical reaction between PET-MA and PEPAS can form a complex and compact net structure that can effectively improve the anti-dripping property of PET. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that MA and PEPAS were successfully introduced onto the surface of the PET fabric, and a compact protective carbon layer was formed during the combustion process due to the synergistic effect of phosphorus and nitrogen. The flame-retardant and anti-dripping properties were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and a vertical burning test. The treated samples showed the maximum LOI value of 29.3, possessing excellent thermal stability and self-extinguishing ability and inhibiting melt-dripping ability. Moreover, tensile strength at break of the treated PET fabric was slightly greater than that of the original PET fabric, indicating that this type of treatment had little negative impact on the bulk of the PET fabric. After 20 laundering cycles, the LOI value of the treated sample still remained at 26.8, which indicated durability in the flame-retarding effect.
The Effects of Child Protective Services and Juvenile Justice System Involvement on Academic Outcomes: Gender and Racial Differences
Authors: Yoon Susan , Quinn Camille R. , Shockley McCarthy Karla , Robertson Angela A.
Published: April 2019

The primary aim of this study was to examine gender and racial differences in the association between system involvement types (i.e., child protective services [CPS] only, juvenile justice system only, and dual involvement) and academic outcomes (i.e., grade failure, chronic absenteeism). This study used records from a linked database of public youth-serving institutional records within a county’s youth court, law enforcement agencies, and CPS. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. The impact of systems involvement on academic outcomes was most salient among Black males, while none of the system involvement types were associated with chronic absenteeism or grade failure among White males. Findings highlight the need for the development of intervention strategies to address educational needs of youth involved in the CPS and juvenile justice systems, with a heightened attention to Black and male youth, to improve their attendance and academic performance.
Connections Between Learning Styles and Perceived Cognitive Load in Multimedia Learning: An Experimental Study
Authors: Çakiroğlu Ünal , Güler Mustafa , Atabay Melek , Güler Maşide
Published: April 2019

This article reports on the influence of three modalities used in three versions of instructional software designed for different learning styles. Students having visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles are grouped and experimentally investigated through three different versions of the software. The results indicated that cognitive load (CL) perceptions of auditory learning style students were significantly higher than the visual and kinesthetic ones. The sources of the CL were generally perceived similarly in the groups. However, some senses by Auditory and Kinesthetic Group students were remarkable in terms of inducing CL. The study concludes with suggestions for practitioners and researchers.
Effectiveness of Technologically Enhanced Peer Support in Improving Glycemic Management Among Predominantly African American, Low-Income Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Heisler Michele , Choi Hwajung , Mase Rebecca , Long Judith A. , Reeves Pamela J.
Published: April 2019

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to examine whether a peer coaching intervention is more effective in improving clinical outcomes in diabetes when enhanced with e-health educational tools than peer coaching alone.

Methods

The effectiveness of peer coaches who used an individually tailored, interactive, web-based tool (iDecide) was compared with peer coaches with no access to the tool. Two hundred and ninety Veterans Affairs patients with A1C ≥8.0% received a 6-month intervention with an initial session with a fellow patient trained to be a peer coach, followed by weekly phone calls to discuss behavioral goals. Participants were randomized to coaches who used iDecide or coaches who used nontailored educational materials at the initial session. Outcomes were A1C (primary), blood pressure, and diabetes social support (secondary) at 6 and 12 months.

Results

Two hundred and fifty-five participants (88%) completed 6-month and 237 (82%) 12-month follow-up. Ninety-eight percent were men, and 63% were African American. Participants in both groups improved A1C values (>–0.6%, P < .001) at 6 months and maintained these gains at 12-month follow-up ( >–0.5%, P < .005). Diabetes social support was improved at both 6 and 12 months ( P < .01). There were no changes in blood pressure.

Conclusions

Clinical gains achieved through a volunteer peer coach program were not increased by the addition of a tailored e-health educational tool.
Veno arterial-extra corporal membrane oxygenation for the treatment of cardiac failure in patients with infective endocarditis
Authors: van den Brink Floris S , van Tooren Rob , Sonker Uday , Klein Patrick , Waanders Frans , Zivelonghi Carlo , Eefting Frank D , Scholten Erik , ten Berg Jurrien M
Published: April 2019

Introduction:

Surgery for infective endocarditis imposes great challenges in post-operative circulatory and pulmonary support but the role of veno-arterial extra-corporal membrane oxygenation in this respect is unclear.

Methods:

All patients undergoing veno-arterial extra-corporal membrane oxygenation after infective endocarditis surgery were analysed for age, gender, medical history, microorganisms, clinical outcome, complications and surgical procedure.

Results:

Between 2012 and 2016, 13 patients received veno-arterial extra-corporal membrane oxygenation following infective endocarditis surgery. The median age was 62 years (33-73) and 8/13 were male. Previous cardiac surgery was present in nine patients. Surgery for infective endocarditis consisted of a Bentall procedure in 10 patients, 2 of which received concomitant mitral valve surgery and 2 received concomitant coronary artery bypass graft. Valvular surgery alone was performed in three patients. Mortality on veno-arterial extra-corporal membrane oxygenation was 62% (8/13). Mortality during intensive care unit stay was 77% (10/13). Survival to discharge was 23% (3/13). One patient reached the 1 year survival point. Two patients who survived to discharge have not yet reached the 1 year survival point. Patient-related complications occurred in 54% (7/13) of patients and consisted of haemorrhage at the cannula site in four patients, leg ischaemia in one patient, haemorrhage at another site in one patient and infection of the cannula in one patient. Extra-corporal membrane oxygenation hardware-related complications occurred in one case consisting of clot formation in the oxygenator.

Conclusion:

Veno-arterial extra-corporal membrane oxygenation in post-cardiotomy patients who were operated on for infective endocarditis is feasible, but outcome is poor.
Safety of gadoterate meglumine in over 1600 children included in the prospective observational SECURE study
Authors: Chang De-Hua , Pracros Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2019

Background

To date, few data on the safety profile of gadoterate meglumine in pediatric patients are available.

Purpose

To assess the safety profile of gadoterate meglumine in routine practice, to detect any case of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) suspicion and to collect efficacy data.

Material and Methods

The pediatric population of the observational SECURE study comprised 1631 patients scheduled for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with gadoterate meglumine (dose: 0.1 mmol/kg). Risk factors, MRI types and immediate adverse events (AEs) were systematically recorded. Patients with moderate to severe renal impairment were followed up for at least 3 months for detection of any NSF suspicion. Efficacy was assessed by the on-site radiologist in terms of image quality and ability to come to diagnosis.

Results

The population included 106 children (6.5%) aged <2 years, 815 (50.0%) aged 2 to <12 years and 710 (43.5%) aged 12 to <18 years, with a mean (± SD) age of 10.2 (± 4.9) years. Central nervous system exploration was the most frequent MRI type (80.4%) and main risk factors were any stage of renal insufficiency (9.8%) and allergies (5.2%). Only one AE (vomiting) that was deemed doubtfully related to gadoterate meglumine was observed. No suspicions of NSF were reported. Good to very good image quality was obtained for 98.4% of pediatric patients and diagnosis was established in 99.6% of cases.

Conclusion

This study confirmed the good safety profile of gadoterate meglumine in routine practice in a large pediatric population. The study is registered on https://clinicaltrials.gov/ with the identifier NCT01523873.
Pissing On the Past: The Highland Clearances, Effigial Resistance and the Everyday Politics of the Urinal
Authors: Saunders Robert A. , Crilley Rhys
Published: April 2019

When and where one can urinate is increasingly politicised around the globe. As an example of bio-political power, the provision, regulation and access to public toilets reflects larger structures in any given society. However, there is another side to micturition, that is the use of urine as a manifestation of bodily power over another/others. This article analyses the politics of the urinal through a close reading of the men’s toilet in The Lismore pub in Partick, Scotland, thus bringing together these two threads via the concept of everyday effigial resistance. In our interrogation of a politicised urinal that asks users to ‘piss’ on historical figures associated with the Highland Clearances, we aim to push International Relations to follow Enloe’s call for the study of ‘mundane practices… and the most intimate spaces’ by considering the most banal aspects of the human condition as part of its remit. Our case study serves as an explicit political intervention, one which through its geographic and geopolitical scales makes an argument for engaging with the mundane, vernacular and vulgar in everyday IR.

Pisser sur le passé : les dédouanements des hautes terres, la résistance à l’effigie et la politique quotidienne de l’urinoir
An empirical investigation into the role of values in occupational therapy decision-making
Authors: Thomas Yvonne , Seedhouse David , Peutherer Vanessa , Loughlin Michael
Published: April 2019

Introduction

The importance of values in occupational therapy is generally agreed; however, there is no consensus about their nature or their influence on practice. It is widely assumed that occupational therapists hold and act on a body of shared values, yet there is a lack of evidence to support this.

Method

The research tested the hypothesis that occupational therapists’ responses to ethically challenging situations would reveal common values specific to the occupational therapy profession. A total of 156 occupational therapists were asked to decide what should be done in five common-place yet ethically complex situations, presented as scenarios for debate.

Results

The results show that while most occupational therapists share very general values, they frequently disagree about what to do in practice situations, often justifying their choices with different and sometimes conflicting specific values. In some cases, the same respondents espouse contradictory values in similar situations.

Conclusion

The extensive literature about decision-making – together with the study’s results – confirm that when occupational therapists make decisions, they draw on multiple factors, consciously and unconsciously. These factors vary between individuals. Value judgements are one part only of a complex process which includes personal experience, intuition, social influences, culture, psychological influences and relationships with both colleagues and clients.
Concealment and revelation as bureaucratic and ethnographic practice: Lessons from Tunisian prisons
Authors: Jefferson Andrew M , Schmidt Bethany E
Published: April 2019

Drawing on preparatory work for a study of prison life in Tunisia, this article explores the twin practices of concealing and revealing that are common features of bureaucratic and ethnographic practice. Insights from the anthropology of bureaucracy and secrecy are brought into conversation with the experience of prison ethnographers (seasoned and novice) to illuminate the way prisons as peculiar sites of rule-based domination call for a particular hyper-reflexive methodological approach best understood as ‘craft’. The encounter between research team and prison bureaucracy is documented, and its multi-layered quality illustrated with descriptions of interactions in three prisons and at prison headquarters. This hesitant, slowly unfolding, constrained and contingent negotiation of boundaries is characterised as a gradual sharing of secrets where the configuration of our relationship with gatekeepers – with whom we shared and who shared with us – is highly instructive about prison life, bureaucratic practice and ethnography. The article demonstrates the fundamental role of practices of concealment and revelation in human and institutional interaction.
Advancement and Application of the Bezgin Method to Estimate Effects of Stiffness Variations along Railways on Wheel Forces
Authors: Bezgin Niyazi Özgür , Wehbi Mohamed
Published: April 2019

The need for an analytical method that one can apply manually to estimate dynamic impact forces on railway tracks that occur because of varying track stiffness or track profile initiated a study to develop an analytical method named as the Bezgin Method. The advancement of this method presented in this paper includes an extension of a set of equations developed and introduced by the first author earlier as the Bezgin Equations using the proposed method and development of a new equation. In addition to track stiffness taken into consideration in the equations introduced earlier, the Extended Bezgin Equations presented in this paper take into account bogie stiffness, wheel spring stiffness, Hertzian contact stiffness, and a factor for damping. The new equation takes into account the effect of vertical wheel acceleration as a train transitions to a stiffer structure or transitions along an ascending track profile. The paper unites and applies these equations to estimate wheel forces that develop along stiffness transition zones by considering an array of train speeds for an array of track stiffness ratios and representative values for track profile deviations along the transitions. Final section of the paper includes elaborate finite element analyses of structural track models that involve transitions of soil supported ballasted railway tracks with concrete based ballasted tracks along various transition lengths and compares their estimates for dynamic impact force factors with those estimated by the Extended Bezgin Equations. The paper concludes with a discussion of the potential uses, benefits, and the value of the Bezgin Method for railway engineering.
Utilization of State Performance Indices to Correlate National Performance Measures for Asphalt Pavements in Tennessee
Authors: Jia Xiaoyang , Woods Mark , Gong Hongren , Hu Wei , Huang Baoshan , Faraj Bayan
Published: April 2019

State highway agencies are required to establish performance targets for pavement facilities based on national performance measures. Because of the inconsistency and uncertainty in performance measures between the national and state systems, states are facing challenges in utilizing national performance measures to set state performance targets. Furthermore, because of the lack of historical data, it is difficult to establish reliable models to predict future performance measures. In this study, the cross-correlations among the national performance metrics were investigated. The national performance measures were correlated with the state performance indices by a probabilistic method to consider the influence of uncertainty on setting the performance targets. Random forest method was employed to correlate the national performance measures to state performance indices. The results indicated that the international roughness index generally increased with the increase of standard deviation of rut depth. A single performance index was not correlated well with national measures of “poor” condition, whereas the pavement quality index (PQI) correlated well with “good” condition. The accuracy of the classification model with two indices (pavement smoothness index, pavement distress index) was higher than that with a single index (PQI). The probabilistic curves were developed to correlate state performance index and national measures, which can be used for performance target setting. This paper demonstrates that the national measures could be introduced into the state decision-making process by establishing probabilistic relationships between the national performance measures and the state pavement condition indices.
Impact of Variable Speed Limit in a Connected Vehicle Environment on Truck Driver Behavior under Adverse Weather Conditions: Driving Simulator Study
Authors: Yang Guangchuan , Ahmed Mohamed M. , Gaweesh Sherif
Published: April 2019

In 2015, the U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) selected Wyoming as one of three sites to develop, test, and deploy a suite of connected vehicle (CV) applications on a 402-mi Interstate 80 corridor. One of the Wyoming’s key CV applications is the variable speed limit (VSL) warning, which aimed to provide commercial truck drivers with real-time regulatory and advisory speed limits to help in better managing speeds under adverse weather conditions, and reducing potential speed variances that may cause traffic collisions. This paper developed a driving simulator testbed to assess the impact of the Wyoming’s CV-based VSL (CV-VSL) application on truck drivers’ behavior under adverse weather conditions. A total of 18 professional truck drivers were recruited to participate in the driving simulator experiment. Participants’ instantaneous speeds at various locations were collected to reveal the impact of the CV-VSL warnings on their driving behavior. Simulation results showed that when the advisory speed limits were lower than 55 mph, participants generally followed the VSLs displayed on the CV human–machine interface (HMI). In addition, traffic flows utilizing CV-VSL technology tend to exhibit lower average speeds and speed variances compared with baseline scenarios. These effects of CV-VSL warnings can bring potential safety benefits, as reduction in average speeds and speed variances are effective surrogate measures of safety, that is, lower risk of crashes, under adverse weather conditions.
Estimating Pedestrian Impact on Coordination of Urban Corridors
Authors: Chowdhury Sharmin-E-Shams , Stevanovic Aleksandar , Mitrovic Nikola
Published: April 2019

Pedestrian walk timings at most U.S. traffic signals are run in concurrence with relevant signal phases for vehicular traffic. This usually means that signal operations coordinated for the major street can be interrupted by a pedestrian call. Such an interruption may in practice last for a few minutes, thus causing increased delays and stops for major traffic flows. An alternative to this design is to increase the cycle length and embed pedestrian timings within the ring-barrier structure of the prevailing coordination plan. Both approaches have advantages and disadvantages. A fresh approach offered by this study is a comprehensive experimental design and holistic performance evaluation perspectives. The study examines the two abovementioned treatments of pedestrian timings for a small corridor of five intersections in Utah. The experiments have been done in a high-fidelity microsimulation environment with the Software-in-the-Loop version of the field controller (Econolite ASC/3). Findings show that either approach works well for very low traffic demands. When the traffic demand increases findings cannot be generalized as they differ for major coordinated movements versus overall network performance. While major-street traffic prefers no interruption of the coordinated operations, the overall network performance is better in the other case. This can be explained by the fact that avoiding interruptions is usually achieved at the expense of longer cycle length, which increases delay for everyone in the network.
Laboratory Investigation of Foam Grout Performance under Freeze and Thaw Conditioning
Authors: Rios Vinicius Afonso Velasco , Hashemian Leila
Published: April 2019

Foam grout is a fluid, self-leveling, and lightweight material with excellent load spreading and thermal insulation properties. These properties have contributed to foam grout being considered over its regular cement/water grout counterparts for many projects. Although applied in many successful cases, not much has been done to compare foam and regular grout behavior in cold regions. This research focused on the compressive strength of both materials before and after freeze/thaw cycles. Specimens were cured for different durations in a moisture room and conditioned for diverse freezing/thawing cycles to assess short- and long-term performance. The impact of immediate freezing was also evaluated for both materials. Foam grout’s ability to resist cold environments was explained using test results and visual analysis. At the end of the process, a material cost versus strength analysis was conducted with the intent of providing a reliable source of information when selecting materials to fulfill minimum industry specifications.
Proportional Reasoning Word Problem Performance for Middle School Students With High-Incidence Disabilities (HID)
Authors: Brawand Anne , King-Sears Margaret E. , Evmenova Anya S. , Regan Kelley
Published: April 2019

Schema-based instruction (SBI) was used to teach nine middle school students with high-incidence disabilities (HID) to solve proportional reasoning word problems. A multiple-baseline-across-groups design was used to determine student understanding of the SBI process. The design consisted of three phases including baseline, SBI process, and maintenance. Training of the SBI process with worked problems occurred between baseline and SBI process. Students’ performance was measured using a five-category rubric, under two conditions: solving problems with and without calculator use. Results indicated that all groups improved problem-solving performance and maintained improvement 4 weeks after instruction. Implications for revising the rubric’s mastery criteria and future research are described.
Are the Best and Brightest Joining the Public Service?
Authors: Fowler Luke , Birdsall Chris
Published: April 2019

The changing nature of public service has blurred the lines between economic sectors by intermingling public, private, and nonprofit missions, and made it easier for employees to balance extrinsic and intrinsic motivators by seeking employers positioned along a continuum that balance their interests. Using data from the “After the JD” study, the authors analyze responses of law school graduates to determine how academic qualifications and employee motives affect economic sector of employment. Findings suggest that the best and brightest law school graduates are predisposed to employment in the private or nonprofit sectors because they offer the strongest extrinsic or intrinsic incentives.
Equivalency? An Analysis of the AACS General Cosmetic Surgery Fellowship Through the Lens of the ACGME 6 Core Competencies
Authors: Morales Angel M. , Marvel Jeffrey B.
Published: April 2019

The American Academy of Cosmetic Surgeons (AACS) and American Board of Cosmetic Surgery (ABCS) have developed a 1-year fellowship program in cosmetic surgery with a pathway for board certification. However, attempts by ABCS physicians to advertise as “board certified cosmetic surgeons” have been met with resistance in some states, claiming that this training is not equivalent in scope, content, and duration to training accredited by the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). This has led us to examine the AACS Cosmetic Surgery Fellowship through the lens of the ACGME 6 core competencies and milestones. We conclude that the AACS General Cosmetic Surgery Fellowship meets the ACGME core competencies. Medical knowledge and patient care are the competencies in which it is easiest to demonstrate equivalency to training accredited by the ACGME. Professionalism, systems-based practice, interpersonal communication skills, and practice-based learning are met, although they are more challenging to document. This problem is no different from that faced by ACGME-accredited residency programs and fellowships, who have also found it difficult to measure the competencies independently of one another in a meaningful way.
The Intermediary Role of Burnout in the Relationship Between Self-Compassion and Job Satisfaction Among Nurses
Authors: Vaillancourt Elise S. , Wasylkiw Louise
Published: April 2019

Background

Self-compassion is the process of treating oneself kindly especially when suffering. Self-compassion is associated with decreased symptoms of burnout in nurses such that those high in self-compassion are less likely to report emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a reduced sense of personal accomplishment.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among self-compassion, burnout, job satisfaction, and sleep quality. Method and Participants: Recruited from MTurk, a final sample of 158 nurses living in the United States (57.6% female) completed indices of self-compassion, burnout, and outcomes of satisfaction and sleep via an online survey.

Results

Self-compassion was positively associated with satisfaction and sleep quality and negatively associated with burnout. In addition, increased burnout was associated with lower satisfaction and poorer sleep quality. Mediational models suggested that the relationships between self-compassion and outcomes were accounted for by the shared variance between self-compassion and burnout.

Conclusions

The results showed the predicted associations among self-compassion, burnout, and outcomes. Importantly, self-compassion was associated with lower burnout that, in turn, was associated with higher job satisfaction and better sleep. Despite the limitations of the study, these results add to the growing literature on the benefits of self-compassion for nurses for preventing and/or ameliorating symptoms of burnout.
Childhood Adversity and Intimate Partner Violence in Adulthood: The Mediating Influence of PTSD in a Sample of Women Prisoners
Authors: Jones Melissa S. , Peck B. Mitchell , Sharp Susan F. , McLeod David A.
Published: April 2019

Although past research documents strong linkages between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and adult intimate partner violence (IPV) in the lives of women prisoners, researchers have often neglected to consider the potential mediating role of PTSD in the relationships between ACEs and adult IPV. Using data from a stratified random sample of all incarcerated women in Oklahoma ( N = 334), we explore the relationships between ACEs, PTSD symptomology, and adult IPV utilizing a feminist life course theoretical framework. Results indicate that PTSD symptomology fully mediates the relationship between ACEs and adult IPV, suggesting that PTSD may be central to understanding pathways to adult IPV as well as offending and incarceration for women. Implications and suggestions for policy and future research are offered.
School Choice, Youth Voice: How Diverse Student Policy Actors Experience High School Choice Policy
Authors: Phillippo Kate , Griffin Briellen , Dotto Bryan J. Del , Castro David , Nagi Ekram
Published: April 2019

School choice research is abundant, but rarely incorporates students’ experiences or perspectives. This study investigates a diverse group of students’ school choice experiences as they applied to, gained admission to and enrolled in high school in Chicago Public Schools, which offers over 130 options. Adapting Ball and colleagues’ (2012) concept of policy actor positionality, we analyzed the role of students’ developmental and social statuses in students’ school choice experiences. Students’ policy encounters were developmentally consistent, but their admissions results and subsequent academic trajectories diverged by their socioeconomic status. We discuss these findings’ developmental and equity implications for school choice policy.
Enhancement of joint strength in friction stir lap welding between AA6061 and AISI 304 by adding diffusive coating agents
Authors: Mypati Omkar , Sadhu Abhijit , Sahu Suryakanta , Mishra Debasish , Pal Surjya K , Singh Shiv Brat , Srirangam Prakash
Published: April 2019

This study focuses on the usage of fly-ash and Al-12%Si as diffusive coating materials over AISI 304 steel welded with AA 6061 in friction stir welding process to improve the joint quality. Various mechanical and metallurgical studies have been carried out to evaluate the characteristics of the weld, and investigate and compare the effect of the two coating materials. Formation of intermetallic reaction layer has been found to be an influential parameter affecting the joint quality. Aluminium-rich intermetallic reaction layer has been observed in the bare welds, whereas the coated samples have been found to have ferrous-rich intermetallic reaction layer.
Effects of surface splicing characteristics of the hardened steel mold on the machined surface topography
Authors: Wu Shi , Li Zhonghua , Liu Xianli , Liu Zhijing
Published: April 2019

The car cover mold has characteristics of large structure size, complicated surface shape, dimensional precision, and high surface precision. The milling process of the splicing transition zone having different hardness can easily produce load mutation, which has an impact on the tool in the form of vibration. This vibration affects the surface topography of the splicing transition zone. In this article, we propose the surface motion model for ball-end milling cutter with impact vibration and the surface topography prediction model for splicing transition zone which is established based on the Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) surface control point reconstruction. Then, the effects of surface splicing characteristics (different hardness, over-seam scale, etc.) and processing parameters on the surface topography and on the residual height have been analyzed. Finally, based on the hardened steel surface splicing milling experiment, the accuracy of the surface topography model in which vibration impact has been incorporated is verified. At the same time, the corresponding roughness value and fractal dimension are calculated on the basis of two-dimensional contour graph under different splicing characteristics. The results show that the non-linear characteristics of the surface topography of the hardened steel surface are significant, and the best processing parameters can be obtained under different splicing characteristics.
Combination of envelope spectra and generative topographic mapping to diagnose bearing fault and evaluate degradation of bearing
Authors: Nistane VM , Harsha SP
Published: April 2019

Functioning of rotary machines is based on the rolling element of bearings, as the rolling element of bearings is the crucial component of rotary machines. The entire operation of rotating machines may terminate after the failure of rolling element of bearings. Hence, the failure of rotating machine is mainly dependent on rolling element of bearings, as it may break down an entire process. Thus, to avoid the sudden breakdown of rotary machines, it is essential to develop the diagnostics and prognostics methodology of rolling element of bearings. In the rolling element of bearings, the assessment of bearing degradation and fault diagnostics is essential to establish the methodology. Therefore, this article proposes a methodology to diagnose the fault of bearing and to assess bearing degradation. Envelope spectra and generative topographic mapping are used together in the methodology proposed. Selection of frequency band based on encompasses one or more resonance of spectrum of signal. Envelope spectrum is determined to pick up the peak of the characteristic fault frequencies of the bearing. Extraction of features from time and frequency domains is used in the generative topographic mapping. Health degradation index, an index termed as evolution of bearing degradation, is obtained from the classifier of generative topographic mapping. Experiments were conducted on the bearings to verify the proposed methodology. On interpreting the obtained results, it was found that the proficiency of proposed methodology is most appropriate for detecting the fault in bearing and tracking the degradation evolution in bearings.
Wind energy programme in India: Emerging energy alternatives for sustainable growth
Authors: J Charles Rajesh Kumar , D Vinod Kumar , Majid MA
Published: April 2019

India is one of the leading nations in the world for the development and utilization of wind energy. The country’s wind power potential at 100 m above ground level is 302 GW. The Indian wind industry is on track to achieve the government’s 60 GW wind capacity target ahead of the 2022 deadline as it has already crossed 34 GW. Wind energy sector contributes to the country by generating employment, reducing the adverse effects of greenhouse gases and increasing the size of gross domestic product. To date, the Indian wind sector has developed by private sector investment. The government, on its part, supporting the wind industry in the country via a range of financial incentives and innovative schemes. That ensures scaling up of wind energy to reach the national energy demand in a socially, economically and ecologically sustainable manner. Attempts have been made in this review to frame a clear picture of the current status of India in the onshore and offshore sectors. Various guidelines for the development of wind power projects, policies and programmes by the ministry and its growing concern for the country’s energy security are discussed. This paper also highlights the importance of wind energy tariff and also explores the cost and economics of wind energy production. Current wind energy-related research studies are summarized. Concerns that are adhered in developing wind energy power plants including social, environmental and techno-economic impacts are addressed.
Scientific networks on Twitter: Analyzing scientists’ interactions in the climate change debate
Authors: Walter Stefanie , Lörcher Ines , Brüggemann Michael
Published: April 2019

Scientific issues requiring urgent societal actions—such as climate change—have increased the need for communication and interaction between scientists and other societal actors. Social media platforms facilitate such exchanges. This study investigates who scientists interact with on Twitter, and whether their communication differs when engaging with actors beyond the scientific community. We focus on the climate change debate on Twitter and combine network analysis with automated content analysis. The results show that scientists interact most intensively with their peers, but also communication beyond the scientific community is important. The findings suggest that scientists adjust their communication style to their audience: They use more neutral language when communicating with other scientists, and more words expressing negative emotions when communicating with journalists, civil society, and politicians. Likewise, they stress certainty more when communicating with politicians, indicating that scientists use language strategically when communicating beyond the scientific community.
It’s only rock ‘n roll (but I like it): Chord perception and rock’s liberal harmonic palette
Authors: Craton Lincoln G , Lee Jane Hyo Jin , Krahe Peter M
Published: April 2019

Both music-theoretic accounts and corpus analyses indicate that rock routinely employs chords that deviate from the norms of common-practice music. Yet we know little about how listeners experience the chords that make up rock’s liberal harmonic palette. In the present study, participants in two online experiments rated major chords that followed a short tonal sequence (a major scale + tonic major triad). Liking ratings obtained in Experiment 1 replicated earlier work showing that listeners prefer rock-typical targets—chords that are common in rock, but lie outside the basic diatonic set—to atypical, rarely used targets (Craton, Juergens, Michalak, & Poirier, 2016). Goodness of fit ratings with the same stimuli in Experiment 2 were similar to the liking ratings. High ratings for rock-typical target chords across the two experiments were not an artifact of their register and the pattern of responses was similar across four levels level of music training. In addition, the mean fitness ratings were approximated by simulations conducted with an auditory short-term memory (ASTM) model (Leman, 2000). Considered together, the findings provide evidence that listeners perceive rock-typical chords to be normal components of a key and that they may do so based on information in the auditory signal alone, without recourse to statistical learning mechanisms or representations of tonal knowledge. We speculate that bottom-up processes operating directly on the auditory signal create a perceptual ranking of chord fitness, which provides the harmonic palette from which composers/improvisers in different musical systems may conservatively (common-practice) or liberally (rock) choose. The mean data are available in tabular form for modelers in the online supplemental material.
The Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms in Pediatric Oncology Nursing: A Conceptual and Empirical Fit?
Authors: Silva-Rodrigues Fernanda Machado , Hinds Pamela S. , Nascimento Lucila Castanheira
Published: April 2019

Symptom management knowledge is a priority for pediatric oncology nursing research. Theories and models can frame the studies of symptoms experienced during childhood cancer. This article describes and analyzes the middle-range theory, theory of unpleasant symptoms (TOUS), for its conceptual and empirical fit with pediatric oncology nursing based on its current use in adult oncology research and its limited use to date in pediatric oncology. Searches in PubMed and CINAHL databases using the keywords theory of unpleasant symptoms and cancer and covering the time period 2000 to 2017 yielded 103 abstracts for review. Twenty published reports met eligibility criteria for review; only one included pediatric oncology patients. No study to date has tested all the components of the TOUS in pediatrics. The TOUS component of performance appears to be underaddressed across completed studies that instead include a focus on patient-reported quality of life rather than on perceived behavioral or performance indicators concurrent with the subjective symptom reports. Additionally, the influence of family, essential in pediatric oncology, is absent in the majority of studies guided by the TOUS. The TOUS is a structurally complicated framework that would be a conceptual fit for pediatric oncology if family influence and perceived function were included. Studies across this population and guided by the TOUS are needed, although testing all the theorized linkages in the TOUS would likely require a large sample size of patients and, thereby, multisite approaches given that cancer is a rare disease in childhood.
Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections in Children With Hematologic and Oncologic Diseases: First Prevalence Results From a University Hospital
Authors: Özalp Gerçeker Gülçin , Yardımcı Figen , Aydınok Yeşim
Published: April 2019

Central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are still a major cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric hematology-oncology patients in many countries. This cross-sectional study was a retrospective review of CLABSI in inpatient pediatric hematology-oncology cases with long-term central venous catheter at the Pediatric Hematology Department from January 2013 to June 2014. Characteristics of CLABSI events in pediatric patients with hematologic malignancies and related nonmalignant hematologic conditions are documented. CLABSI developed in 61.8% ( n = 21) of the 34 hospitalized patients included in the study. The CLABSI rate was 7.8 per 1,000 inpatient central venous catheter days. Coagulase-negative staphylococci was the predominant pathogen in 47.6% of the patients with CLABSI. The high rate of CLABSI requires prevention strategies to reduce CLABSI immediately. This study provides guidance in prioritizing strategies for reducing rates of infection.
Nutrition-Related Clinical Decision Making of Pediatric Oncology Nurses
Authors: Lulloff Amanda J. , Vessey Judith A. , Bashore Lisa , Gregas Matt
Published: April 2019

Children with a cancer diagnosis have risk factors leading to unique nutritional challenges. Malnutrition in this population is correlated with worse patient outcomes. Nurses are responsible for providing holistic care to their patients; however, the quality of nutritional assessments by pediatric oncology nurses is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate staff nurses’ clinical decision making regarding nutritional assessment of children with cancer. A web-based survey composed of a demographic form, vignettes of patients with diverse nutritional status and the New General Self-Efficacy Scale, was distributed to members of the Association of Pediatric Hematology Oncology Nurses. Participants were also asked to rate their confidence in responses as well as select key nutritional cues. Nurses were significantly more likely to under-rate the nutritional status and select far fewer cues than the experts. Further research regarding nutritional assessment is warranted. Evidenced-based guidelines for nutritional assessment of children with cancer should be developed to ensure the highest quality of care is provided to this patient population.
Prediction of field-dependent rheological properties of magnetorheological grease using extreme learning machine method
Authors: Bahiuddin Irfan , Wahab Nurul AA , Shapiai Mohd I , Mazlan Saiful A , Mohamad Norzilawati , Imaduddin Fitrian , Ubaidillah
Published: April 2019

Magnetorheological grease is seen as a promising material for replacing the magnetorheological fluid owing to its higher stability and the lesser production of leakage. As such, it is important that the rheological properties of the magnetorheological grease as a function of a composition are conducted in the modeling studies of a magnetorheological grease model so that its optimum properties, as well as the time and cost reduction in the development process, can be achieved. Therefore, this article had proposed a machine learning method–based simulation model via the extreme learning machine and backpropagation artificial neural network methods for characterizing and predicting the relationship of the magnetorheological grease rheological properties with shear rate, magnetic field, and its compositional elements. The results were then evaluated and compared with a constitutive equation known as the state transition equation. Apart from the shear stress results, where it had demonstrated the extreme learning machine models as having a better performance than the other methods with R2 more than 0.950 in the training and testing data, the predicted rheological variables such as shear stress, yield stress, and apparent viscosity were also proven to have an agreeable accuracy with the experimental data.
A two-material topology optimization method for structures under steady thermo-mechanical loading
Authors: Thurier Pierre F , Lesieutre George A , Frecker Mary I , Adair James H
Published: April 2019

This article explores a topology optimization method for the design of two-material structures that must operate under mechanical and thermal loads, including heat fluxes at the boundaries. A three-phase design domain is filled by two isotropic materials and a void phase. There are two novel aspects of this work: (1) the consideration of multiple materials when only the amount of void is constrained, and (2) the incorporation of heat flux boundary conditions, as opposed to uniform heating of the structure, in the multi-physics analysis. This topology optimization approach is expected to be useful in the development of passive thermal control interfaces for spacecraft thermal control.