bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ECO-EFFICIENCY IN AGRICULTURE OF EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER STATES
Authors: Bartová Ľubica , Fendel Peter , Matejková Eva
Published: August 2018

The objective of the paper is to estimate efficiency and eco-efficiency of agriculture in 24 EU
Member States from 2006 to 2015. In the study, a panel of yearly aggregated data [Eurostat 2018] of the total
value of agricultural goods output (AGO), labour (AWU), utilised agricultural area (UAA), fertilisers N, P,
K (NPK) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of agriculture of selected EU Member States were used. The
directional distance functions (DDF) approach both with and without undesirable output (GHG emission)
were employed. Malmquist-Luenberger indices were applied to measure productivity changes and their decomposition
to identify sources of these changes. GHG emission reduction per agricultural output in all EU
MS was observed. Significant growth of GHG per UAA occurred especially in the OMS: The Netherlands,
Austria, Germany, France, while an increase of GHG per UAA was less pronounced in Bulgaria, Latvia,
Hungary (NMS). The highest efficiency and eco-efficiency in agricultural production over 2006-2015 was
reached by the Netherlands and Denmark. The most inefficient and eco-inefficient agriculture was noted
in the agriculture of Ireland and Finland (OMS). The highest inefficiency among NMS was detected in the
agriculture of Lithuania, Poland and Latvia, while the most eco-inefficient were Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia.
Improvement of productivity and eco-productivity due to technological improvement occurred in all 24
EU MS. Agricultural technical eco-efficiency fell in Bulgaria, Romania, Greece, Portugal and Hungary.
COMPLEMENTARITY OF REGIONAL AND RURAL POLICIES ?
A STUDY ON REGIONAL PROGRAMMES AND COMMON AGRICULTURAL
POLICY PILLARII MEASURES IN POLAND
Authors: Chmieliński Paweł , Gospodarowicz Marcin
Published: August 2018

Building upon Mark Shucksmith et al. [2005], with respect to proposed improvements to this
study by Martin Pelucha et al. [2013], work by Richardo Crescenzi et al. [2015] followed by Alan Collins
et al. [2017], this empirical analysis explores the role of structural factors (i.e. place-based characteristics)
in shaping EU policy. The analysis considers the shape of policy in terms of the allocation of funds, the
effects of these allocations (on change in socio-economic features) and the interaction between cohesion
and agricultural policy in the context of regional development in Poland in 2007-2013 on a local (NUTS4)
level. Results show that a significant relationship between aggregated (total) expenditure from CP regional
and Pillar II CAP measures has not been detected in the programming period under consideration. Rural
and regional policy instruments in 2007-2013 were complementary to each other, but also strongly related
to the characteristics of the region (such as size, population, farmland) and, therefore require greater
adaptation to development opportunities and limitations. It was also shown that some synergy of the
impact of both programmes can only be indicated in the case of development of technical infrastructure
(ie. water supply systems).
COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF BRICS COUNTRIES AGRICULTURAL
COMMODITY TRADING
Authors: Chryniewicz Łukasz , Wojtaszek Michał
Published: August 2018

Agricultural commodity trading plays an important role in the global trade. The main reason of
this article is to present changes in agricultural commodity trading that had appeared between 2004-2014 for
BRICS countries. Furthermore, it examines how would the agricultural commodity trading would look if we
would treat BRICS countries as one economic block. Descriptive statistics had been used by presenting an
aggregated agricultural commodity trading data to elaborate this research problem.
OPPORTUNITIES OF INCREASE IN THE USE OF DOM ESTIC PROTEIN FODDERS IN THE
LIGHT OF THE POSSIBLE BAN OF GMO IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION
Authors: Dzwonkowski Wiesław
Published: August 2018

The aim of the paper was to determine the possibilities of increasing the use of domestic protein feeds
(rapeseed meal and legume) in the industrial feed production, in the context of the ban of GMO in livestock
production. On the basis of literature research and nutritional recommendations and standards, it was
found there are limited possibilities of using domestic protein sources in feed, especially for poultry and
pigs. Considering the border shares of rapeseed meal and legume seeds in mixtures, as well as the size
and structure of feed production, potential possibilities of increasing their use were identified, in order to
reduce consumption and imports of soybean meal. On the basis of a comparison of the actual and potential
consumption of rapeseed meal and legume seeds in the production of industrial feeds, it was found that,
despite dietary restrictions, there are significant potential opportunities to increase the use of domestic
protein sources, provided that their supply on the domestic market is sufficient.
ASSESSMENT OF COMPETITIVENESS OF COMODITY FARMS
Authors: Kagan Adam
Published: August 2018

The paper aims to present the method to facilitate assigning a farm to the competitiveness status based the advantage of resource ownership and economic efficiency of its functioning. Despite flaws in a form of assigning entire economic rent to the sphere of skills, the presented method allows to situate farms in various areas and to assess them. It is a proposal to expand the measurement of competitiveness of farms at the microeconomic level.
THE IMPACT OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINEESHIP ON THE STUDENTS ’ PERCEPTION OF THEIR KNOWLEDGE AND FUTURE WORK IN THE AGRIBUSINESS SECTOR
Authors: Kozera-Kowalska Magdalena , Uglis Jarosław
Published: August 2018

The paper presents the results of research on the impact of paid professional traineeships done by students during their studies on the perception of knowledge they have gained, as well as on agribusiness as their work environment and their further professional career. The aim of the research was to evaluate paid traineeships as a factor determining the way in which the knowledge gained by students during studies and their future work are perceived. The research material included the results obtained in a study of students conducted twice – before and after they had completed their professional traineeships. The research tool was the auditorium questionnaire, and the collected data underwent a statistical analysis, followed by a discussion. It was found that the respondents appreciated work placements as a way of gaining experience during studies. At the same time, the results of the investigation indicate that in the students’ opinion, graduating from a good university guarantees finding an interesting job. This was additionally confirmed by disagreeing with the statement that gaining good grades in the course of university studies does not bring any benefits (as indicated by the gamma correlation coefficient). Thus, completing a traineeship is significant for a future professional career, as it allows the students to look at it more realistically, including the financial aspect. However, their expectations, both before and after the work placement, remained relatively high, compared to the actual earnings reported in the University Graduates’ Economic Future monitoring system (ELA).
ISUPPORT OF INNOVATIVENESS IN POLISH AGRICULTURE
Authors: Nosecka Bożena
Published: August 2018

Innovativeness is the cross-cutting goal of the 2020 Strategy implemented in the EU. Innovative
solutions and broadly based development on the achievements of knowledge lead to the improvement of the
competitiveness of the EU economy and its various departments in comparison to other world economies.
In order to introduce innovativeness and achievements of knowledge in the agriculture of EU countries,
the increase in share of payments related to the second pillar of the CAP, including structural support in
funds allocated for the implementation of the common agricultural policy is required. The article presents
an analysis of the titles of innovation support in Poland (actions, sub-measures, operations) from the
second pillar of the CAP implemented from the resources of the Rural Development Program (RDP). The
scope of funding from RDP funds in 2014-2020 of activities and operations directly and indirectly related
to the introduction and dissemination of innovative solutions in Polish agriculture was also assessed.
INSURANCE INSTRUMENTS PROMOTE AGRICULTURAL CULTIVATION
Authors: Olkiewicz Anna
Published: August 2018

Agriculture is one of the basic human activities. To operate this affects many factors. One of the most important risks in agricultural activity is the climate and weather conditions. Drought in recent years, negatively affect the results. On the market there are a number of insurance instruments that allow for the significant reduction of the negative effects of the drought. Unfortunately, statistical data show that in Poland in recent years, decreasing the percentage of insured crops. This is, despite the introduction of subsidies for insurance companies that paid out compensation in connection with the drought. Reasons for this are many, but the main include: the amount of the premium, legal agricultural farms unawareness and direct support instruments.
The role of maritime identity in the economy – the issue of the “cultural code” of Pomorskie Province
Authors: Graban Michał
Published: August 2018

The article aims to analyze the theme of maritime identity as a cultural code of the Pomerania region. At the same time, it will be proved that this code has had a tangible impact on modern-day economy of the Pomerania region by influencing its dynamics, innovativeness and networking. That influence has been made possible by the post-industrial economy which, as a result of civilizational changes, thrives today mainly thanks to social and cultural factors, also known as social capital, and not just due to infrastructural ones. The resulting maritime identity, which evolved in our region in the interwar period mainly due to the shared experience of building a port in Gdynia and the associated work ethic, has established numerous social bonds and created solidarity among people of the sea.
These bonds are gradually expanding the cultural code’s sphere of operation with new areas and partners, not necessarily related to the maritime economy. Although these bonds are most evident in Intelligent Specialization no. 1 “Off-shore, port and logistics technologies”, they actually bridge the gap between all intelligent specializations to produce a synergy effect and create innovation. The cultural code brings innovation to traditional (ports, shipyards Baltic-Adriatic Corridor) and sustainable energy-saving “blue growth” maritime economies. Maritime identity is also featured in various forms of tourism, culture and art, while at the same time shaping the teaching programs of maritime schools.
PROBLEMS WITH THE LOGISTICS OF SUPPLYING DAIRY PLANTS WITH MILK
Authors: Roman Monika
Published: August 2018

The article aims to identify problems with the logistics of supplying dairy plants with milk. The methods used in the article include an analysis of literature and diagnostic surveys. Focused interviews were conducted with chairmen of cooperatives and directors for purchase and transport of milk in six dairy plants in various parts of Poland. Based on the research conducted, the following problem areas related to the logistics of supplying dairy plants with milk were identified: the number and size of the suppliers, seasonal character of milk production, continuous collection of milk, the suppliers’ location and problems with the organisation of transport.
EFFECTIVENESS AND COMPETITIVENESS OF FAMILY FARMS IN THE SUBREGION
OF BYDGOSZCZ
Authors: Sass Roman
Published: August 2018

The paper aims to determining the farms’ capabilities to develop measured with their technical and
financial effectiveness as well as the investments’ net volume. The research covers the farms from the
Bydgoszcz’s sub-region (former province of Bydgoszcz) which prior to accession to the European Union took
advantage of preferential loans. At the same time in the years 2004-2015 they uninterruptedly conducted
accountancy in the Polish FADN system. The technical effectiveness of the farms has been determined with
the use of the non-parametric DEA method – Data Envelopment Analysis, while for the purposes of the
financial standing of farms’ analysts, there has been used the value creation index. In order to determine
farms’ development capacity (competitive farms) the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) modified matrix has
been applied. It results from the conducted studies, that in the best situation are the farms which have been
rated among the group of leaders, as were characterised by the highest technical and financial effectiveness
and also the highest level of net investments. The endangered farms are in the worst situation. In spite of
the fact that these farms’ technical effectiveness was high, the developmental restrictions result from low
scale of production. Competitiveness of farms is closely connected with their area.
CHANGES TRENDS IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN POLAND IN THE YEARS 2004-2016
Authors: Stefańczyk Joanna , Feryńska Patrycja
Published: August 2018

The aim of the work was to assess the development of the accommodation base and its quality in Poland
in 2004-2016. The spatial diversity of tourist facilities in Poland was also pointed out. The data of the
Central Statistical Office was analyzed. The research shows that since 2004, both the number of Polish and
foreign tourists has been increasing. Tourists opted for a higher standard of accommodation. The largest
selection of such facilities was available in the Pomorskie, Zachodniopomorskie and Małopolskie provinces.
QUALITY AS THE FACTOR INFLUENCING CONSUMER BEHAVIOR
IN THE FOOD MARKET IN RUSSIA
Authors: Suszek Anna , Zabrocki Romuald , Elisjewa Iulia
Published: August 2018

The aim of the research was to show the importance of quality as determinants of the behavior of
Russian consumers on the food market. For the purpose of the research, two basic research methods
were used: literature analysis and surveys. The survey was based on a prepared, original questionnaire
form. 120 respondents took part in them, different in terms of sex and age, originating from the area of
Kaliningrad and the surrounding area. It was found that 54% of Russian respondents believe that the
overall level of food quality in the Russian market is satisfactory, and 35% described it as good. Only 1.7%
of respondents considered it high. The main threats/obstacles in creating good quality food products on
the Russian market are: low level of agricultural development (50%), poor development of quality systems
and high food prices in relation to incomes (46.7%) and widespread falsification of food (45% ). Among
the qualitative characteristics of the food market in Russia, respondents rated the quantity availability,
temporal availability and variety of the assortment at the most.
EDUCAÇÃO FINANCEIRA: UMA ANÁLISE DE GRUPOS ACADÊMICOS
Authors: Andrade Jefferson Pereira , Lucena Wenner Glaucio Lopes
Published: August 2018

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a relação entre o nível de educação financeira de diferentes grupos acadêmicos com as características individuais e o comportamento financeiro desses alunos. A amostra da pesquisa foi composta de 188 alunos do curso de Ciências Contábeis (Para efeito deste artigo foram denominados grupo acadêmico 1) e alunos dos cursos de licenciatura, pedagogia e serviço social (Grupo acadêmico 2). A amostra foi definida a partir dos componentes curriculares dos cursos. Verificou-se que 68 alunos eram do gênero masculino e 120 do gênero feminino, 86% dos pesquisados afirmaram ser solteiros, 53,7% possui idade entre 20 e 26 anos e 53,19% são do curso de Ciências Contábeis. Verificou-se ainda que existe uma relação estatística significativa com relação à graduação e os conhecimentos financeiros, também foi possível perceber essa relação quanto ao gênero dos pesquisado. Verificou-se ainda que os alunos atribuem importância a temas como planejamento financeiro, orçamento, poupança e investimento, entretanto não foi encontrada relações estatísticas com o nível de educação financeira dos alunos. Também foi possível verificar que os alunos mais educados financeiramente demonstram ter mais confiança para gerir as próprias finanças.
OPEN GOVERNMENT DATA: CONCEPTS, APPROACHES AND DIMENSIONS OVER TIME
Authors: Klein Rodrigo Hickmann , Klein Deisy Barbiero , Luciano Edimara Mezzomo
Published: August 2018

Government Open Data (DAG) is free, open and available data by public organizations and can be used in projects or integrated with new products, applications or services. Research in the OGD area has grown substantially in recent years, addressing several different conceptual approaches and dimensions. It is important to understand the concept over time as a way to better conceive researches based on contemporary approaches. Therefore, the present study aims to review and categorize existing researches about OGD, identifying which approaches are being adopted, which are the research strategies used, how the concept evolves and which are the most referenced articles. This study analyzed and categorized researches about OGD through a systematic literature review covering 193 publications presented in the main databases. Papers were analyzed through content analysis, through the steps of reduction, display, conclusion and double blind verification. The researches were classified into seven dimensions and under ten different approaches. Concurrently with the development of OGD global initiatives, new scientific papers tend to direct their focus to issues such as data quality and accountability. Through the results of this research it is possible to identify widely discussed approaches and those that can be further explored, as well as the development of the OGD concept over time and its dimensions.
ANÁLISE DE EFICIÊNCIA EM CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA DAS UNIVERSIDADES PÚBLICAS E INSTITUTOS FEDERAIS LOCALIZADOS NO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO: UM ESTUDO PRÉ-CRISE ECONÔMICA DE 2014
Authors: Alves Camila Guimarães Monteiro de Freitas , Oliveira Murilo Alvarenga
Published: August 2018

Devido à importância da ciência, tecnologia e inovação para o desenvolvimento de um país, o objetivo concentrou-se na análise de eficiência das universidades públicas e institutos federais localizados no Rio de Janeiro antes da crise de 2014 e que contemplem fatores relacionados ao desenvolvimento de Ciência e Tecnologia (C&T). O referencial teórico abordou conceitos relacionados a Ciência, tecnologia, inovação e o contexto de C&T no Rio de Janeiro. O dilema encontrou-se na relação Recursos x Produção em C&T. A abordagem foi quantitativa por meio da Análise Envoltória de Dados, utilizada para avaliar a eficiência de cada unidade, classificando-as segundo sua eficiência, e estabelecer metas para melhoria. Analisou-se a eficiência das instituições ao longo de cinco anos. Na análise temporal, 47,5% das instituições operaram na escala ótima e 20% operaram abaixo de 60% de eficiência. Assim, pôde-se traçar alvos para unidades não eficientes. Após, realizou-se a matriz de avaliação cruzada, elaborando um ranking das instituições públicas de ensino superior mais eficientes no período.
Transição metal-isolante em fulleritos dopados com metais alcalinos
Authors: Cechin José Carlos , Mota Ronaldo
Published: August 2018

In the present article of the metallic or insulating characters of alkali doped is studied. In particular, the ocurrence of a metalic phase in potassium doped systems and its nonocurrence in sodium doped systems are analysed through the Gutzwiller approximation on a deqenerate Hubbard model. Using interaction and bandwidth parameters derived from INDO-CI calculations in the molecular cluster approach, as presented earlier by Coutinho, Canuto, Mota and Fazzio, the nonmetal-metal transitions are discussed in the systems. From the obtained results for the relation between the derived parameters and doping concentrations, it is possible to help to elucidate the diverse behaviours presented by fullerides doped with potassium and sodium.
Transepithelial potential difference of the intestine and gallbladder of Hoplias malabaricus, a freshwater teleost. effect of urotensins I and II
Authors: Pavanato Maria Amália , Baldisserotto Bernardo , Rakoski Roni João , Mimura Olga Martins
Published: August 2018

This study analyzed the effect of the injection of urotensin I (UI) and urotensis II (UII) on the stabilization of the transepithelial potential difference (TPD) of the medium intestine, rectum, and gallbladder of Hoplias malabaricus to investigate if the transport of ions in these organs is affected "in vivo" by these neurohormones. The TPD of the medium intestine, rectum and gallbladder was serosa positive, and remained constant since the first measurement. The injection of both urotensins did not alter the stabilization of the TPD of the medium intestine and rectum when compared with saline-injected group. The injection of UI increased the TPD of the gallbladder in the beginning (0-10 min) of the stabilization period and in the interval of 20-30 min of the stabilization period when fishes were killed 2h and 4h after the injection, respectively, in relation to saline-injected group. The UII injection increased the TPD of the gallbladder only in the beginning (time 0) of the stabilization period in relation to saline when fishes were killed 2h after the injection. No changes in the TPD of the studied organs were detected when fishes were killed 4h after the injection of UII. This study confirms the hypothesis that UI and UII can participate in the regulation of the composition of the bile of fishes, since the injection of both hormones altered the TPD of the gallbladder of H. malabaricus.
Encuesta sobre reforma de la Ley Orgánica del Tribunal Constitucional. Encuestados : Marc Carrillo, Luis María Díez-Picazo, Francisco Javier García Roca, Ángel Garrorena Morales, Jesús González Pérez, Lucas Murillo de la Cueva.
Authors: Teoría y realidad Constitucional Teoría y realidad Constitucional
Published: August 2018

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Encuesta: corrupción política y derecho público
Authors: Bilbao Ubillos Juan María , Cerezo Mir José , Cortés Domínguez Valentín , Murillo de la Cueva Pablo Lucas , Porras Ramírez José María , Rodrígez-Vergara Díaz Ángel
Published: August 2018

La corrupción en el ámbito público es uno de los grandes males en los países democráticos, apareciendo implicados en demasiadas ocasiones cargos electos. Para luchar contra este problema, que afecta especialmente al ámbito local se hace necesario replantearse la eficacia de los controles existentes tanto en los ámbitos político, administrativo y penal. Estas cuestiones son objeto de la encuesta de este número.
Istorie fiorentine de Maquiavelo : una primera definición moderna de corrupción
Authors: García Eloy
Published: August 2018

La traducción al español de la Historie Fiorentine de Nicolás Maquiavelo (1525), representa una magnífica oportunidad para reflexionar sobre una obra olvidada fundamental en el discurso de su autor y de enorme trascendencia en el pensamiento posterior de Montesquieu, Rousseau, Gibbon y Constant. Maquiavelo aporta tres ideas. Primero, la Historia es tenida por instrumental para el conocimiento de la Política, articulada desde las categorías de ascenso y descenso (progreso y declive), que aunque tomadas de Polibio, nada tienen que ver con su círculo cerrado y ajeno al tiempo humano. Segundo, el Declive o decadencia se concibe como un fenómeno asociado a la corrupción, entendida, a su vez, como un proceso sociológico de degradación colectiva de los ordini en el que «aquel que deja lo que hace por lo que debe hacer, corre a la ruina en lugar de benefciarse». Tercero, la Historia de Florencia es para Maquiavelo el ejemplo moral de lo que no se debe hacer: un anti-ejemplo. Florencia no fue libre porque fue corrupta en lo interior (cívivo) y en lo exterior (milizia), y ello le impidió practicar un autogobierno construido desde la implicaciónde todos en la vida politica.
Problemas de la promulgación de una constitución británica
Authors: Bogdanor Vernor , Vogenauer Stefan
Published: August 2018

De vez en cuando se apunta que sería mejor que Gran Bretaña contase con una constitución cuyos términos se encontrasen en un documento impreso, conocido y accesible a todos los ciudadanos. La finalidad de este artículo es considerar la cuestión de la factibilidad, o, mejor dicho, los problemas que hay que resolver si se decide promulgar una Constitución Británica. El primer problema fundamental consiste en determinar qué debería incluirse en dicha constitución, y, el segundo, decidir cómo debería elaborarse, ratificarse y modificarse esa constitución.
El convenio europeo de derechos humanos ¿una declaración escrita de derechos al estilo continental para el Reino Unido?
Authors: Sánchez Ferro Susana
Published: August 2018

Este artículo explora cómo se aprobó la Human Rights Act, a inicitativa del Partido Laborista y sin que el asunto levantara mucha polvareda, a pesar del impacto que la aprobación de dicha Ley tendría, sin duda, en el sistema legal británico. Han pasado más de diez años desde que la Human Rights Act fuera aprobada por el Parlamento inglés y no es mala fecha para realizar una valoración de los efectos que ha tenido la norma en el mencionado sistema. Por primera vez, los jueces británicos pueden llevar a cabo un control de convencionalidad de las leyes aprobadas por el Parlamento y hacer una declaración de incompatibilidad de dichas leyes con el Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos. La declaración de incompatibilidad no afecta a la validez de la ley pero sí influye en la forma en la que los jueces británicos se aproximan a la interpretación de las leyes. Los mencionados jueces están recurriendo en mayor medida a técnicas de interpretación constitucional utilizadas desde hace tiempo en el viejo continente. La Human Rights Act ha producido un acercamiento evidente entre el sistema británico de Constitución flexible y el europeo de Constitución rígida.
Hacia una nueva era en el constitucionalismo estadounidense : la «Era Obama». Actualidad constitucional en Estados Unidos (2008/2009)
Authors: Fernández Vivas Yolanda
Published: August 2018

El presente artículo tiene por objeto el análisis de la actualidad constitucional en los Estados Unidos durante 2008 y 2009, actualidad que ha venido marcada por tres importantes factores: en primer lugar, en el plano político, por la elección de Barack Obama como presidente de los Estados Unidos en noviembre de 2008; en segundo lugar, en el plano económico, por la grave crisis económica mundial que ha afectado en gran medida a este país; y, por último, en el ámbito institucional, por la renovación del Tribunal Supremo, máximo órgano jurisdiccional del Estado. Además, y como consecuencia de lo anterior, a lo largo de ese tiempo se han producido novedades legislativas y jurisprudenciales en los Estados Unidos que han tenido una especial relevancia constitucional. Así, en este trabajo daremos cuenta de las sentencias más relevantes dictadas por el Tribunal Supremo en 2009.
El referéndum suizo sobre la prohibición de minaretes
Authors: Peters Anne
Published: August 2018

El artículo analiza las implicaciones del referéndum suizo sobre la prohibición de minaretes celebrado en noviembre de 2009 tras un breve estudio del procedimiento habilitado en el ordenamiento federal en orden a articular iniciativas populares como la que está en el origen del presente referéndum.
La ratificación del Tratado de Lisboa en la República Checa
Authors: Camisón José Ángel
Published: August 2018

El presente artículo analiza el proceso de ratificación del Tratado de Lisboa en la República Checa, que, como se sabe, ha sido en último de los Estados miembros en ratificar dicho Tratado. Antes del proceder a la ratificación el Tribunal Constitucional checo ha dictado dos Sentencias relativas a la compatibilidad del Tratado de Lisboa con el orden constitucional nacional, en ambas indica que dicho Tratado es conforme con el orden constitucional checo.
Intervenciones telefónicas y postales (examen de la jurisprudencia constitucional)
Authors: Aragón Reyes Manuel
Published: August 2018

El trabajo examina los problemas constitucionales que plantean las intervenciones telefónicas y postales, problema que no sólo es capital, por sí mismo, ya que está en juego el derecho del secreto de las comunicaciones y por ello los límites muy estrictos para suspenderlo o levantarlo mediante resolución judicial, sino que se agudiza entre nosotros por una muy defectuosa regulación legal de dichas intervenciones, defectos que han tenido que salvarse mediante la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, del Tribunal Supremo y, sobre todo, del Tribunal Constitucional que aquí, y de manera inevitable, ha tenido que actuar de legislador positivo. Esos problemas, y esas circunstancias, se analizan en el trabajo, así como las condiciones y límites que, en atención a casos concretos, ha tenido que ir perfilando nuestra jurisprudencia. Por todo ello, el análisis realizado, tanto en cuanto a los problemas generales como en lo que se refiere a los problemas concretos, esto es, a las condiciones precisas para la licitud de la intervención judicial de las comunicaciones, parte de la jurisprudencia constitucional sobre la materia.
El delito urbanístico : protección penal de principios constitucionales básicos (comentario a la sentencia del tribunal supremo de 27 de noviembre de 2009)
Authors: De Cominges Cáceres Francisco
Published: August 2018

La sentencia comentada confirmó la condena de prisión, inhabilitación y multa impuesta a varias autoridades y servidores públicos por la comisión de delitos contra la ordenación del territorio y prevaricación urbanística relacionados con la construcción ilegal de una vivienda en suelo no urbanizable protegido en la isla de Mallorca. El autor ahonda en la relevancia constitucional de los valores afectados por la infracción urbanística cometida, vinculados al derecho de todos los ciudadanos a disfrutar de «calidad de vida», en un medio ambiente adecuado en el que el paisaje es un elemento fundamental. Aunque el Derecho administrativo ofrece numerosas medidas preventivas y coercitivas frente a este tipo de agresiones, la magnitud de las mismas y su frecuencia transmiten una imagen de fracaso que el Derecho penal pretende paliar tipificando como delito las infracciones más graves y sancionándolas con severas penas.
La ley de partidos políticos y el test de convencionalidad europeo. El diálogo entre el tribunal constitucional y el tribunal europeo de derechos humanos en torno a la ilegalización de Herri Batasuna y Batasuna
Authors: Iglesias Bárez Mercedes
Published: August 2018

El objetivo de este artículo es examinar la Sentencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos (TEDH) de 30 de junio de 2009, en los Asuntos Herri Batasuna y Batasuna, que confirma la ilegalización de estos partidos políticos. Aborda la trascendencia, no tanto jurídica, sino política de esta decisión, y examina, en concreto, las vulneraciones del derecho de asociación (art. 11 del CEDH) y la libertad de expresión (art. 10 CEDH) para mostrar cómo la Ley de Partidos Políticos y su aplicación por los tribunales españoles a Herri Batasuna y Batasuna supera, sin problemas, el test de convencionalidad europeo. La decisión europea pone de manifiesto cómo el sistema español de disolución de partidos es más garantista que el sistema del Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos y cómo el contexto del terrorismo es determinante a la hora de valorar la necesidad y proporcionalidad de una medida de esta trascendencia en una sociedad democrática. La Sentencia del TEDH es un buen ejemplo también del diálogo entre el TEDH y el Tribunal Constitucional español.
Encuesta sobre el referéndum
Authors: Cascajo Castro José Luis , García Eloy , Oliver Araujo Joan , Torres Muro Ignacio
Published: August 2018

En esta encuesta diferentes profesores de Derecho Constitucional se pronuncian sobre el tratamiento que la Constitución española hace del referendum. La problemática que este mecanismo de Democracia directa genera en el constitucionalismo evidencia las reticencias de los constituyentes a su generalización en nuestra vigente Carta Magna; pero a su vez expresa la necesidad o al menos conveniencia de fomentar ciertos mecanismos de referendum para posibilitar en ciertos casos una mayor y más activa participación de la ciudadanía.In this academic survey Constitutional Law Professors answer some questions about the referendum in the Spanish Constitution. Referendum is an instrument of direct democracy, of direct participation, but historically its use was problematic; therefore, our Constitution establishes its utilization in very limited cases. In any case, it is an adequate way to promote citizens participation.
El diálogo entre el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos y los tribunales constitucionales en la construcción de un orden público europeo
Authors: García Roca Javier
Published: August 2018

Asistimos a un proceso de influencia recíproca sobre derechos entre altos tribunales. Distintas jurisdicciones —ordinaria, constitucional, convencional y de la Unión— concurren al servicio de la integración europea mediante la garantía efectiva de unos derechos comunes y vienen obligadas a elaborar interpretaciones compatibles. Los derechos fundamentales son un ingrediente de un orden público democrático y el CEDH opera como un instrumento constitucional al servicio de ese orden. La idea de diálogo judicial es un instrumento flexible y ambiguo, y, precisamente por ello, muy útil para organizar un trabajo en red en este escenario de pluralismo constitucional. Si bien no es claro qué quiere decirse con «diálogo», puede que de esta ambigüedad sea mejor no salir dado el amplio círculo de los destinatarios. Los tribunales constitucionales deben actuar como interlocutores del TEDH y, al tiempo, como mediadores, divulgando la jurisprudencia europea y haciéndola compatible con las jurisprudencias constitucionales mediante una interpretación conforme. Sería muy conveniente acomodar los parámetros constitucionales de derechos, mediante su reforma, al mínimo que entraña el sistema del Convenio. Debemos explicar con mayor profundidad las diversas relaciones que se engloban bajo la inclusiva denominación de diálogo.We are witnessing a process of influence and cross-fertilization in human rights between high courts. Several jurisdictions —domestic, constitutional, European Court and Court of Justice— cooperate in European integration in order to achieve collective enforcement of rights and therefore compatible interpretationsmust be constructed. Fundamental rights are an ingredient of a European and democratic public order, and the European Convention on Human Rights must work as a constitutional instrument of this order. The idea of judicial dialogue is such a flexible and ambiguous device that it becomes very useful for organizing a network in this scenario of constitutional pluralism. Nevertheless it is not at all clear what the expression «dialogue » means, however it is probably better not to go very much into detail because of the wide number of member States which have to understand it. Constitutional Courts should act as partners of the European Court of Human Rights and also as mediators, spreading European legal doctrine and making it compatible with their own constitutional doctrines by means of an interpretation secundum conventionem. It would be convenient to reform constitutional parameters in order to harmonize their internal standards with the system of the Convention. But we should go further and explain in detail the different relationships which are included under the word «dialogue».
Fernando de los Ríos
Authors: Cámara Villar Gregorio
Published: August 2018

Semblanza de Fernando de los Ríos: apunte biográfico y elementos centrales de su obra como intelectual y profesor de Derecho Político.Biographical sketch of Fernando de los Rios: biographical information and central elements of his work as intellectual and as Constitutional Law professor.
Design of High Gain Novel Dielectric Resonator Antenna Array for 24 GHz Short Range Radar Systems
Authors: Haddad A. , Aoutoul M. , Rais K. , Essaaidi M. , Faqir M. , Bouya M.
Published: August 2018

in this work we present a 16x1 array’ elements of a high gain Novel shape designed Dielectric Resonator Antenna (NDRA), having a low dielectric constant value of 18, for wide band (WB) and narow band (NB) 24 GHz automotive Short Range Radar (SRR) applications. The proposed NDRA array is feed by an efficient microstrip network feeding mechanism and presents wide impedance bandwidth (426 MHz), high gain (20.9 dBi), high efficiency (96%) and directional radiation pattern at 24 GHz with narrow angular beam-width of 6.4°. Computed NDRA array results allow the proposed design to be practical for the next automotive radar generations. Parametric studies have been analyzed using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method of the CST-MW time domain solver and results, of the optimal structure, have been validated by the Finite Element Method (FEM) used in HFSS electromagnetic (EM) simulator.
КОНЦЕПЦИЯ ДУБНЕНСКОГО ИСТОЧНИКА НЕЙТРОНОВ ЧЕТВЕРТОГО ПОКОЛЕНИЯ, "Поверхность. Рентгеновские, синхротронные и нейтронные исследования"
Authors: Аксенов В.Л. , Шабалин Е.П.
Published: August 2018

Излагаются принципы конструкции подкритической размножающей нейтроны системы с модуляцией реактивности, которая может использоваться как мишень супербустера с линейным протонным ускорителем. Расчеты показывают, что можно ожидать на выходе плотность потока нейтронов в импульсе до 1017 см-2 · с-1 и, в среднем, до 2 1014 см-2 · с-1. Длительность импульса тепловых нейтронов может быть 200-300 и 20-30 мкс в зависимости от замедлителя при соответствующих длительностях импульса протонного ускорителя.
КОСМИЧЕСКАЯ АППАРАТУРА ДЛЯ АСТРОФИЗИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ В ПРОЕКТЕ СПЕКТР-УФ, "Поверхность. Рентгеновские, синхротронные и нейтронные исследования"
Authors: Кузин С.В. , Перцов А. А. , КИРИЧЕНКО А.С. , САЧКОВ М.Е. , Саванов И.С. , Шугаров А.С.
Published: August 2018

Представлено описание космического аппарата “Спектр-УФ”, краткое описание оптической схемы телескопа, основных научных приборов. Изложено описание фотоприемного устройств проекта “Спектр-УФ” на основе ПЗС с обратной засветкой и просветляющим покрытием, описаны меры, предпринятые для увеличения радиационной стойкости и уменьшения загрязнений на поверхности ПЗС.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ НАНОРАЗМЕРНЫХ ПЛЕНОК НИОБИЯ И НИТРИДА НИОБИЯ МЕТОДОМ РФЭС, "Поверхность. Рентгеновские, синхротронные и нейтронные исследования"
Authors: Лубенченко А.В. , Батраков А.А. , Шуркаева И. В. , Паволоцкий А. Б. , Краузе С. , Иванов Д.А. , Лубенченко О. И.
Published: August 2018

Предложен новый подход к количественному и неразрушающему определению послойного химического и фазового состава многокомпонентных многослойных пленок на основе рентгеновской фотоэлектронной спектроскопии. Он состоит из: нового метода вычитания фона многократно неупруго рассеянных фотоэлектронов, учитывающего неоднородность неупругого рассеяния по глубине; из нового способа разложения фотоэлектронной линии на составляющие пики, учитывающего физическую природу различных параметров разложения; решения задачи вычитания фона и разложения фотоэлектронной линии совместно; определения толщин слоев многослойной мишени по простой формуле. Определен фазовый послойный состав наноразмерных пленок Nb и NbN, рассчитаны толщины этих слоев.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МЕТОДА РЕНТГЕНОВСКОЙ ДИФРАКТОМЕТРИИ СКОЛЬЗЯЩЕГО ПАДЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ПЛЕНОК, "Поверхность. Рентгеновские, синхротронные и нейтронные исследования"
Authors: Юнин П. А. , Дроздов Ю.Н. , Гусев Н.С.
Published: August 2018

На примере пленок тантала рассмотрены особенности анализа тонких пленок методами малоугловой рентгеновской рефлектометрии и рентгеновской дифрактометрии в геометрии скользящего падения. В частности показано, что сильный сдвиг дифракционного пика при малых углах падения связан с преломлением рентгеновских лучей вблизи угла полного внешнего отражения. Результаты измерений хорошо согласуются с расчетами. Учет рассмотренных факторов необходим для корректного анализа распределения свойств тонких пленок по их глубине методом рентгеновской дифрактометрии в геометрии скользящего падения. Показано, что рассмотренный в работе подход можно использовать для определения материальных констант ( , ) и толщины пленок тантала.
ТЕРМИЧЕСКАЯ СТАБИЛЬНОСТЬ СТРУКТУРНО-ФАЗОВОГО СОСТАВА ТИТАНА, ОБРАБОТАННОГО КОМПРЕССИОННЫМИ ПЛАЗМЕННЫМИ ПОТОКАМИ, "Поверхность. Рентгеновские, синхротронные и нейтронные исследования"
Authors: Шиманский В. И. , Черенда Н.Н. , Углов В.В. , Асташинский В.М. , Кузьмицкий А.М.
Published: August 2018

Представлены результаты исследования структурно-фазового состояния приповерхностного слоя титанового сплава ВТ1-0, обработанного компрессионными плазменными потоками в остаточной атмосфере азота и подвергнутого термическому воздействию на воздухе в течение одного часа в интервале температур 400-900 °C. С помощью рентгеноструктурного анализа установлено, что в отсутствии предварительного воздействия компрессионных плазменных потоков при температуре 500 °C в поверхностном слое титана формируется твердый раствор -Ti(O), который при температуре 600 °C начинает трансформироваться в фазу оксида титана TiO2 (рутил). Предварительная обработка титана компрессионными плазменными потоками способствует формированию твердого раствора -Ti(N), окисление которого происходит с меньшей скоростью, что ведет к увеличению начальной температуры формирования оксида TiO2 до 700 °C, свидетельствующее о повышении термической стабильности такой структуры.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ МОРФОЛОГИИ И СТРУКТУРЫ ПОРИСТЫХ ГИБРИДНЫХ 3D-СКЭФФОЛДОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ПОЛИКАПРОЛАКТОНА, ВКЛЮЧАЮЩИХ КРЕМНИЙСОДЕРЖАЩИЙ ГИДРОКСИАПАТИТ, "Поверхность. Рентгеновские, синхротронные и нейтронные исследования"
Authors: Городжа С. Н. , Сурменева М.А. , Селезнева И.И. , Ермаков А.М. , Зайцев В.В. , Сурменев Р.А.
Published: August 2018

Приведены результаты исследований микропористых скэффолдов на основе поликапролактона, в частности, содержащих нано- и микрочастицы модифицированного (кремнийсодержащего) гидроксиапатита (гибридных скэффолдов). Установлено, что использование частиц гидроксиапатита в процессе электроформования полимерных скэффолдов позволяет значительно увеличить их пористость и создать структуру с волокном нано- и микроразмеров. Рентгенофазовый анализ показал характерные линии поликапролактона и гидроксиапатита в структуре гибридного 3D-скэффолда. По данным ИК-спектроскопии порошка-прекурсора гидроксиапатита ионы (SiO4)4- встроены в его решетку. Согласно результатам исследования смачиваемости поверхности происходит уменьшение контактных углов смачивания водой в случае гибридных скэффолдов по сравнению со скэффолдами на основе поликапролактона. Результаты исследований адгезионной и пролиферативной активности мезенхимальных стволовых клеток человека при культивировании на поверхности гибридных скэффолдов, а также гистологические исследования свидетельствуют о высокой биосовместимости образцов. На основе полимеразной цепной реакции установлена дифференцировка мезенхимальных стволовых клеток в остеогенном направлении. Вследствие пористости структуры гибридные скэффолды могут быть использованы в качестве конструкций для восстановления дефектов костных тканей.
РЕНТГЕНОВСКИЕ И МЁССБАУЭРОВСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ СТРУКТУРНЫХ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ МУЛЬТИФЕРРОИКОВ BIFE1-XZNXO3, "Поверхность. Рентгеновские, синхротронные и нейтронные исследования"
Authors: Амиров А.А. , Гусейнов М.М. , Юсупов Д.М. , Абдулкадирова Н. З. , Chaudhary Y. A. , Bendre S.T.
Published: August 2018

Методами рентгеновской дифракции и мёссбауэровской спектроскопии исследована структура керамических образцов мультиферроиков BiFe1-xZnxO3. Рентгеноструктурный анализ образцов показал наличие примесной фазы Bi12(Bi0.5Fe0.5) O19.5. Высокотемпературный нагрев образцов приводит к появлению дополнительных фаз. Параметры мёссбауэровских спектров зависят от концентрации цинка, при этом для чистого феррита висмута представляет собой суперпозицию двух зеемановских секстетов и двух парамагнитных дублетов, обусловленных наличием в нем двух неэквивалентных в магнитном и электрическом отношении позиций, занимаемых ионами железа в узлах кристаллической решетки образца. Замещение ионов железа ионами цинка существенно влияет на параметры спектров, что, вероятно, связано с изменением характерной для мультиферроиков структуры спиновой циклоиды, разрушение которой и приводит к проявлению значительного магнитоэлектрического взаимодействия.
О слове ?vkM (? ?) в 2СлСиф 58.15-16 (NHC VII.2) и о раннехристианском «крещении» вообщe. Часть 2, "Письменные памятники Востока"
Authors: Хосроев А.Л.
Published: August 2018

Во второй части статьи продолжен критический разбор случаев употребления понятия «крещение» и ему родственных в таких поздних новозаветных сочинениях, как Ефес, 1Петр, Тит и Евр. Анализ показывает, что и эти тексты не содержат никаких надежных свидетельств существования (или, по крайней мере, широкого распространения) обряда «крещения водой» в церковном христианстве конца I в. Продолжение статьи - в следующих номерах журнала.
Syndecan‐4 influences mammalian myoblast proliferation by modulating myostatin signalling and G1/S transition
Authors: Keller‐Pinter Aniko , Szabo Kitti , Kocsis Tamas , Deak Ferenc , Ocsovszki Imre , Zvara Agnes , Puskas Laszlo , Szilak Laszlo , Dux Laszlo
Published: August 2018

Myostatin, a TGF‐β superfamily member, is a negative regulator of muscle growth. Here we describe how myostatin activity is regulated by syndecan‐4, a ubiquitous transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan. During muscle regeneration the levels of both syndecan‐4 and promyostatin decline gradually after a sharp increase, concurrently with the release of mature myostatin. Promyostatin and syndecan‐4 co‐immunoprecipitate, and the interaction is heparinase‐sensitive. ShRNA‐mediated silencing of syndecan‐4 reduces C2C12 myoblast proliferation via blocking the progression from G1‐ to S‐phase of the cell cycle, which is accompanied by elevated levels of myostatin and p21(Waf1/Cip1), and decreases in cyclin E and cyclin D1 expression. Our results suggest that syndecan‐4 functions as a reservoir for promyostatin regulating the local bioavailability of mature myostatin.
Knee Osteoarthritis and the Risk of Medically Treated Injurious Falls Among Older Adults: A Community‐Based US Cohort Study
Authors: Barbour Kamil E. , Sagawa Naoko , Boudreau Robert M. , Winger Mary E. , Cauley Jane A. , Nevitt Michael C. , Fujii Tomoko , Patel Kushang V. , Strotmeyer Elsa S.
Published: August 2018

Objective

The risk of falls among adults with knee osteoarthritis (OA) has been documented, yet, to our knowledge no studies have examined knee OA and the risk of medically treated injurious falls (overall and by sex), which is an outcome of substantial clinical and public health relevance.

Methods

Using data from the Health Aging and Body Composition Knee Osteoarthritis Substudy, a community‐based study of white and African American older adults, we tested associations between knee OA status and the risk of injurious falls among 734 participants with a mean ± SD age of 74.7 ± 2.9 years. Knee radiographic OA (ROA) was defined as having a Kellgren‐Lawrence grade of ≥2 in at least 1 knee. Knee symptomatic ROA (sROA) was defined as having both ROA and pain symptoms in the same knee. Injurious falls were defined using a validated diagnosis code algorithm from linked Medicare fee‐for‐service claims. Cox regression modeling was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).

Results

The mean ± SD follow‐up time was 6.59 ± 3.12 years. Of the 734 participants, 255 (34.7%) had an incident injurious fall over the entire study period. In the multivariate model, compared with those without ROA or pain, individuals with sROA (HR 1.09 [95% CI 0.73–1.65]) did not have a significantly increased risk of injurious falls. Compared with men without ROA or pain, men with sROA (HR 2.57 [95% CI 1.12–5.91]) had a significantly higher risk of injurious falls. No associations were found for women or by injurious fall type.

Conclusion

Knee sROA was independently associated with an increased risk of injurious falls in older men, but not in older women.