bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PSYCHOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF POLICE OFFICERS INTUITION STUDY
Authors: Lebedev I.B. , Sultanova A.M.
Published: December 2018

We consider main aspects of intuition as a psychological phenomenon and its peculiarities in legal defending activity. The difficulty of the topic is noted according to intuition irrational nature. We study the historical aspect of intuitive human mind development from the earliest to the modern time and find differences in the information part of the world understanding. The reasons for formation of intuitive thinking of Internal Affairs Agencies workers in untypical situations are explained. The research has the scheme of conditions for intuition provocation, among which there are the problem situation, “hint” availability, fundamental understanding of the issue. In Russia the psychological service of Ministry of Internal Affairs investigates intuitive abilities of Internal Affairs Agencies workers. There are methods types of intuition study: experimental methods and action tests; surveys; instrumental methods showing priming; implicit learning; “illocal” intuition; psychophysiological methods. The essence of experimental methods, action-tests and instrumental methods are shown. The conclusions of necessity of to practically include developments obtained in the process of intuition thinking investigation of Internal Affairs Agencies are made. The peculiarities of intuition study within the framework of psychological researches. We consider the role of intuition in professional activity of Internal Affairs Agencies workers. We tried to create methodological tools of intuition study of police workers.
INNOVATION AND INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY: THEORETICAL AND LEGAL ESSENCE AND CONTENT ANALYSIS
Authors: Kanina Y.S.
Published: December 2018

We consider the issue of innovations and innovative activity legal nature, analyse its legal regulation from the point of view of basic terms. We conclude that ambiguousness of opinions and innovations and innovative activity understanding in the science led to that in legislation of any level the terms essence is incorrectly given. Main official terms are bounded by the “technical” part of the issue and tautological. We conclude the following: 1) modern terms of innovations and innovative activity go gradually beyond the “technical” limits of development, its economical round and include the social, intellectual relationship, and according to the doctrinal position – sometimes spiritual sphere of life, but the key element in the innovation terms formation is the economical effect; 2) innovation – the important competitive advantage of organization, based on using the knowledge and realized because of competence of its founders, lawyers, managers and personnel; 3) considered approaches to the innovation terms evidence that in scientific literature and legislation we can already find innovations main principles – novelty, useful effect and social importance, and innovative activity is as usual a process on creating, producing and spreading the novelties.
Gambaran Pengetahuan dan Sikap Wanita Usia 48–55 Tahun Tentang Menopause di Desa Weru RT 02 RW 05 Weru Sukoharjo Tahun 2015
Authors: Nursyi Ilafi Rumaisya
Published: December 2018

Women feel anxious when facing menopause, so many simple problems become so big and can even make a woman desperate. The menopausal phase is usually preceded by a premenopausal phase occurring at an age between 48–55 years. The attitude of women in the face of changes in the menopause is influenced by their knowledge. The purpose of this study was to know the description of knowledge and attitude of women aged 48–55 years about menopause in the Village Weru RT 02 RW 05, Sukoharjo. Descriptive research design with cross sectional approach. Research population of all women aged 48–55 years amounted to 44 people in Weru Village in April 2015. Using Sampling Purposive Sampling technique, 36 respondents can be sampled from the entire population. Data collection tools are questionnaires. Data analysis using univariate analysis of knowledge using percentage and attitude using scale range. The results of knowledge of women are on the category enough with the number of respondents 22 (61.2%). This can be seen that the knowledge of respondents about the majority of menopause already in the category enough even between the respondents are knowledgeable and less comparable. The desired expectations of the majority are experienced well but the results have not been as expected. While most women have enough attitude of 21 (58.3) categories less 8 respondents (22.3%) and minority in good category of 7 respondents (19.4). There are several factors that affect the knowledge and attitude of women 48–55 years in the face of changes in menopause.
Society 5.0 and Social Development: Contributions to a Discussion
Authors: Serpa Sandro , Ferreira Carlos
Published: December 2018

In this working paper we intended to address the emergence of what, potentially, will be a central concept in the very near future, Society 5.0 and that arises politically in (with) following the implementation of the concept of Industry 4.0. Society 5.0 proposes to deepen the potential of the individual-technology relationship in the promotion of the improvement of the quality of life of all people through a super smart society, is an extremely recent concept as a guiding social development that can have a profound impact in societies at all levels, such as quality of life and sustainability. It is a presentation that is based on very recent3 publications, but which also has a prospective component, which always generates some indetermination and uncertainty. Also, for this reason, it is a contribution that seeks above all else to contribute to this very urgent and necessary discussion.
Extraction, Characterization and Antioxidant Activity in vitro of Proteins from Semen Allii Fistulosi
Authors: Zuo Min , Liu Xiaoxiao , Liu Di , Zhao Hangyun , Xuan Lulu , Jiang Wenxian , Li Wanzhong
Published: December 2018

Semen Allii Fistulosi is the seed of Allium fistulosum L. of the Liliaceae family. The purpose of this study was to extract, characterize, and evaluate the antioxidant activity in vitro of proteins from Semen Allii Fistulosi (PSAF). Using single factor and orthogonal design, the optimum conditions of extraction were determined to be as follows: extraction time 150 min, pH 8.5, temperature 60℃, and ratio (v/w, mL/g) of extraction solvent to raw material 35. The isoelectric point of the pH was determined to be about 4.4 and 10.2, by measuring the protein content of PSAF solutions at different pH. The amino acid composition of PSAF was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the results suggested that the species of amino acids contained in the PSAF was complete. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) analysis showed the molecular weight was mainly between 40 and 55 kDa, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterized prevalent protein absorption peaks. PSAF exhibited potent scavenging activities against DPPH assays, via targeting of hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, while chelating Fe2+ activity, and demonstrating weak reducing power. This work revealed that PSAF possessed potential antioxidant activity in vitro, suggesting potential for use of PSAF as a natural antioxidant.
36th Cordoba Guitar Festival: Spectator Analysis using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM)
Authors: Fruet-Cardozo Juan V. , Perez-Galvez Jesus C. , Jara-Alba Carol , Gomez-Casero Gema
Published: December 2018

The Cordoba Guitar Festival is one of the most important cultural events in Spain. This article analyses the musical preferences, satisfaction, attitudinal loyalty and behavioural loyalty of spectators who attended the 36th festival held in July 2016, as well as the festival’s economic impact on the city. To achieve this aim, a structural equation model (SEM) was used. The results show the goodness-of-fit of the model and indicate that the observed data fit the expected dataset.
Bacterial Contamination of Drinking Water in Guadalajara, Mexico
Authors: Rubino Francesca , Corona Yahaira , Jiménez Pérez José Guadalupe , Smith Charlotte
Published: December 2018

In many regions where drinking water supply is intermittent and unreliable, households adapt by storing water in cisterns or rooftop tanks. Both intermittent supply and stored water can be vulnerable to contamination by microorganisms with deleterious health effects. The Guadalajara Metropolitan Area is a rapidly growing urban center with over five million residents where household storage is nearly ubiquitous. This pilot study was conducted in July 2018 to examine the microbiological quality of drinking water in Guadalajara. Samples were tested for free available chlorine residual, total coliform bacteria, and E. coli. A survey on access to water and public perspectives was also conducted. Water exiting rooftop tanks exceeded regulatory limits for total coliform levels in half of the homes studied. Piped water arriving at two homes had total coliform levels that far exceeded regulatory limits. No E. coli were detected in any of the samples. Only 35% of homes had a chlorine residual between the recommended 0.2 and 1.5 mg/L. Many homes reported unpleasant odors and colors. Only 7% of residents drank the piped water. Future studies are needed, especially during April and May when many homes reported a higher disruption to water service.
The Vacuum Polarization Paradox and Its Solution
Authors: Roza Engel
Published: December 2018

In this article various heuristic approaches are discussed to solve the dark matter phenomenon by the concept of vacuum polarization. They are compared with a more fundamental approach, based upon an entropy model of the visible universe. They all make use of some kind of gravitational dipole. These dipoles seem to violate Einstein’s equivalence principle between inertial mass and gravitational mass. It is shown how the paradox can be solved by a quantum mechanical principle.
Exploring Group Movement Pattern through Cellular Data: A Case Study of Tourists in Hainan
Authors: Zhu Xinning , Sun Tianyue , Yuan Hao , Hu Zheng , Miao Jiansong
Published: December 2018

Identifying group movement patterns of crowds and understanding group behaviors is valuable for urban planners, especially when the groups are special such as tourist groups. In this paper, we present a framework to discover tourist groups and investigate the tourist behaviors using mobile phone call detail records (CDRs). Unlike GPS data, CDRs are relatively poor in spatial resolution with low sampling rates, which makes it a big challenge to identify group members from thousands of tourists. Moreover, since touristic trips are not on a regular basis, no historical data of the specific group can be used to reduce the uncertainty of trajectories. To address such challenges, we propose a method called group movement pattern mining based on similarity (GMPMS) to discover tourist groups. To avoid large amounts of trajectory similarity measurements, snapshots of the trajectories are firstly generated to extract candidate groups containing co-occurring tourists. Then, considering that different groups may follow the same itineraries, additional traveling behavioral features are defined to identify the group members. Finally, with Hainan province as an example, we provide a number of interesting insights of travel behaviors of group tours as well as individual tours, which will be helpful for tourism planning and management.
Optimization of the Factors Affecting the Absorption of Vardenafil from Oral Disintegrating Tablets: A Clinical Pharmacokinetic Investigation
Authors: Al-Gethmy Hytham , Fahmy Usama , Alhakamy Nabil , Ahmed Osama , El-Say Khalid
Published: December 2018

Because of lower solubility and considerable metabolism, vardenafil (VRD) bioavailability is 15 %. To get over this obstacle, this study aimed to increase the solubility, hasten the onset of action, and mask the unpleasant taste of VRD utilizing β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and formulation of the inclusion complex as oral disintegrating tablets (ODTs). The solubility of the obtained complexes in various ratios has been studied. A Box-Behnken design (BBD) was utilized to investigate the influence of excipients on the quality of ODTs. The solubility of VRD was improved at 1:2 drug: β-CD ratio. The formulated VRD-ODTs exhibited satisfying results regarding the hardness and disintegration time. In addition, in vivo taste masking and disintegration time showed improved results, after placing the tablets in the oral cavity of the healthy volunteers. The pharmacokinetic parameters for the optimized VRD–ODTs exhibited a significant improvement with P < 0.05 in the maximum plasma concentration and reduction in the time needed to reach this concentration when compared with the marketed tablets. Finally, the optimized VRD-ODTs exhibited increased oral absorption of VRD and subsequent decreasing the time of onset of clinical effect and masking the unpleasant taste, which is favored for patients with erectile dysfunction.
Job and the Bible’s Theo-Political Divide
Authors: Fisch Menachem
Published: December 2018

The book of Job presents a unique and detailed contrastive study of two fundamental and fundamentally opposed religious personae: Job, on the one hand, and the collective image of his friends on the other. It is a normative dispute about the religion’s most basic norm of disposition. How is one to respond to inexplicable disaster when one believes one is blameless? What is the religiously appropriate response to catastrophe? To confront God’s judgment as did Job, or to submissively surrender to it, as his four friends insist he should? Is one supposed to question divine justice when deemed to be wanting, as did Job, or to suppress any thought to the contrary and deem it to be just, come what may? Rather than expound (once again) upon the theological implications of the Job dispute, this paper focuses on its theological-political dimensions, and its looming and vivid, yet largely overlooked presence in the Hebrew Bible’s master narrative; and more specifically, on the marked, if inevitable antinomian nature of the Jobian side to the divide.
Set-Membership Quaternion Normalized LMS Algorithm
Authors: Moradi Hamid Reza , Zardadi Akram
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we propose the set-membership quaternion normalized least-mean-square (SM-QNLMS) algorithm. For this purpose, first, we review the quaternion least-mean-square (QLMS) algorithm, then go into the quaternion normalized least-mean-square (QNLMS) algorithm. By having the QNLMS algorithm, we propose the SM-QNLMS algorithm in order to reduce the update rate of the QNLMS algorithm and avoid updating the system parameters when there is not enough innovation in upcoming data. Moreover, the SM-QNLMS algorithm, thanks to the time-varying step-size, has higher convergence rate as compared to the QNLMS algorithm. Finally, the proposed algorithm is utilized in wind profile prediction and quaternionic adaptive beamforming. The simulation results demonstrate that the SM-QNLMS algorithm outperforms the QNLMS algorithm and it has higher convergence speed and lower update rate.
Design to Achieve Accuracy in Ink-Jet Cylindrical Printing Machines
Authors: Arango Ivan , Cifuentes Catherine
Published: December 2018

Machines for direct digital inkjet printing on cylindrical containers are a new technology out on the market. Their commercialization in the industrial sector has been affected by their high precision. This leads to the use of mechanisms with narrow manufacturing tolerances and to the search for topologies that have the least accumulated error without affecting quality. Machines with topologies to work on flat substrates have printing and productivity problems working on cylindrical substrates. This research paper presents the qualitative design of a direct digital inkjet printer working over cylindrical substrates comparing five mechanical topologies; three topologies with radial distribution and two topologies with parallel distribution. The aim of these topologies is to find the precision, quality and efficiency of the printer taking into account the restrictions present in its construction. Each topology has separate constitutive mechanisms, it is analyzed the tolerance ranges between the print head and the substrate whose cumulative error maximizes the inkjet print resolution to determine precision. From five Topologies, number 1, 2 and 5 meet the requirements. the topology 2 meets the requirements but it is not able to be developed due to current technological limitations.
Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Chaenomeles Speciosa: An Edible Medicinal Chinese Mugua
Authors: Huang Weifeng , He Junwei , Nisar Muhammad Farrukh , Li Hongshui , Wan Chunpeng
Published: December 2018

Chaenomeles plants are adapted to diverse ecological zones particularly the temperate areas of Korea, Japan and China. In China, Chaenomeles speciosa mainly planted in Chongqing, Anhui and Hubei provinces. Most of the studies till date have been focused on the anti-inflammatory activities of C. speciosa fractions. The present study aimed to review the maximum literature reported for the presence of various phytochemicals in C. speciosa. In addition, the pharmacological properties of these chemical compounds of this plant shall also be discussed. The extracts of the various parts of the plant are rich in diversity of antioxidants, organic acids, phenolics, terpenoides and many different phytochemicals that bear strong anticancer, antioxidant, anti-viral, antibacterial properties, anti-inflammation, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-hyperglycemic and anti-parkinson properties. C. speciosa fruits have broad scope in industry as well as in medicines. Not only the leaves and fruits of C. speciosa plant, but various other parts including roots, seeds, bark twigs, and flowers all have long history of clinical trials in curing many human ailments. However, the maximum accessible data concerning the chemical composition and their broad pharmacological properties of C. speciosa plant parts is pretty restricted that make it more appealing for indepth investigations.
Technology Acceptance Model in the Analysis of the Influence Of E-Learning Implementation to Students' Motivation
Authors: Asiyah Siti , Budiyanto Cucuk W , Tamrin A G
Published: December 2018

One effort to improve the quality of education is the innovation of learning, one of them with the application of e-learning. With the help of the TAM tool as an analysis in measuring the acceptance attitude of teachers and students. Seeing from the side of ease of use and e-learning use. The purpose of this research is to 1) to know the acceptance of students to an information system applied in the form of e-learning, and 2) to analyze the effect of e-learning implementation on learning motivation of learners. More specifically, the study will evaluate the application of LMS Edmodo and Schoology. The analysis used is descriptive statistical analysis for the disseminated questionnaire and thematic analysis for the interview data obtained. The result of this research is the use of e-learning better if collaborated with conventional learning. So that will complement each deficiency of both e-learning and conventional learning.
The Flipped Classroom in 21st Century Learning for Development of learning skills Algorithm Analysis of Basic Programming C Language
Authors: Kunpitak Piyamart
Published: December 2018

Learning management of flipped classroom is a learning style that brings technology to the flipped classroom. The concept is "Study at home - homework at school" to develop the 21st century education which is a new paradigm learning style considered as a basic technology education. Learning with advanced technology will improve the development of learning skills Algorithm analysis of basic programming C language Throughout the course. The students will be encouraged to create a learning conducive environment. The objectives of this study were 1) to evaluate the achievement of flipped classroom concept learning, 2) to evaluate students' satisfaction with the management of flipped classroom concept learning. The sample was 22 undergraduate students majoring in Computer Science. The statistics used for data analysis included mean, standard deviation for the comparison of teaching achievement. The results showed that the students' achievement through flipped classroom concept learning was higher, interpreted from the pre-test ( = 4.41, S.D. = 0.94) and the post-test ( =6.64, S.D. = 1.16). It can be said that the students' achievement grades after learning were obviously more higher than the pre-test. The evaluation of students' satisfaction on learning and teaching activities based on the concepts of flipped classroom was overall at a high level  ( = 4.47, S.D. = 0.39).
Accommodating Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for Elective Courses Selection
Authors: Sangka Khresna Bayu , Muchsini Binti
Published: December 2018

The determination of elective courses for students is one of many things that require some complex considerations. This complexity is motivated by psychological and non-psychological factors of human beings such as: learning motivation, lecturer and previous learning experience. Many students found difficulties if they have to decide in a complex options in which has the identical option. Thus, they made their decisions based on just one perceived factors alone without taking into account other factors which have great importance as well. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is one method that can be used as an appropriate decision supporting tool to reduce the complexity of decision making process. AHP provides analysis in the form of selected course recommendations that have a weight of rankings to the level of importance of each preferred alternative. This study was a preliminary study subjected to construct the real consideration from students’ point of view. In which very important to create a hierarchical perspective order for decision making process in both sides, student and education provider which was on Accounting Education Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta.
Metodologia para seleção de microbacias de drenagem urbana para implantação de microreservatórios: estudo de caso da bacia da Tijuca, RJ
Authors: Ohnuma Jr. Alfredo Akira , Obraczka Marcelo , Silva Jr. Luis Carlos Soares da , Leal Isaias Fagundes , Muricy Bruno
Published: December 2018

As áreas mais densamente urbanizadas vêm sofrendo crescentemente com problemas relacionados a cheias e enchentes, devido à falta de capacidade dos sistemas de drenagem existentes. Atualmente, diversas alternativas de projetos têm sido apresentadas, como medidas não convencionais de drenagem urbana com o objetivo de reduzir os impactos do escoamento superficial em áreas urbanizadas, a exemplo da implementação de sistemas de retardo e de retenção a montante, além do compartilhamento da responsabilidade entre atores públicos e privados. O presente trabalho visa definir critérios específicos para seleção de microbacias de drenagem urbana, que apresentem maior viabilidade de implementação de microreservatórios de captação e armazenamento de água da chuva em lotes distribuídos em determinada região. A metodologia consiste na análise de duas áreas distintas na Grande Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, região historicamente bastante afetada por inundações urbanas. Foi realizada a seleção e a hierarquização de microbacias de drenagem com maior potencial de implantação de microreservatórios, a partir de critérios, entre os quais: (1) existência de grandes áreas impermeabilizadas, especialmente coberturas e telhados; (2) reduzida eficiência/capacidade operacional dos sistemas locais de microdrenagem existentes; (3) inexistência de bacias externas e/ou de remanso do corpo receptor e; (4) potencial do aproveitamento das águas pluviais armazenadas. De acordo com os critérios estabelecidos, torna-se viável a definição de áreas prioritárias para implementação de amortecimento a montante por meio de microreservatórios nos lotes, aumentando os possíveis benefícios da utilização dessa técnica. Recomenda-se trabalhos futuros que aprofundem os estudos de viabilidade, com a realização de modelagens hidrológica e hidráulica das bacias e respetivos sistemas de drenagem.
Errata
Authors: - Editor Sistemas & Gestão
Published: December 2018

Esta errata corrige o artigo: https://doi.org/10.20985/1980-5160.2018.v13n3.1373
Rancang Bangun Pengendali Air Condisioner (Ac)Gedung Bank Central Asia Kcu Diponegoro Surabaya Berbasis Arduin
Authors: Kuncoro Bagus Nurdila Eko , Widiantoro Anang
Published: December 2018

The use of Air Conditioner (AC) in an important position and becomes the main thing. BCA diponegoro has a total of 28 AC conditioners which are manually and need an engine for AC conditioning. This research looks to build A prototype control system that can control AC electricity automatically, centralized and computerized. So that it can help engineers monitor, control and control building AC conditioners effectively and efficiently. The design of the system using the Micro-controller AT MEGA 2560 as a controlling tool in controlling the electricity AC of the BCA KCU Diponegoro building. And use Visual Basic. NET 2010 as an HMI (Human Machine Interface). The results of this tool are able to control AC electricity in the Diponegoro KCU BCA building automatically, centrally and can be controlled by a Personal Computer.
First Cross-Dipole Shear Wave Imaging Application for Intersecting a Mother Open-Hole from a Near-Parallel Side-Track Wellbore
Authors: Franquet Javier Alejandro , Singh Rudra Pratap , Diaz Nerwing , Anurag Atul , Balooshi Mohamed Ali , Jefri Ghassan Al , Hosany Khalid Ibrahim , Cesetti Mauricio , Kindi Rashid Khudaim , Zhunussova Gulzira , Bradley Tom , Kirby Cliff
Published: December 2018

An injector well drilled from an artificial island in UAE left a non-magnetic fish during well control operations across lower Cretaceous reservoirs below the 9⅝-in. casing shoe, exposing all upper Jurassic reservoirs flow units. The situation was a serious concern to field developing and reservoir integrity as aquifer, gas and many layers of oil reservoirs were connected through the borehole below the fish. It was decided to sidetrack around the fish to intersect the original 8½-in. open-hole section. The sidetrack was accomplished, but the first attempt to intersect the mother hole was unsuccessful. Therefore, an innovative solution was needed for detecting the mother hole to intersect it.

A combination of cross-dipole deep shear acoustic, high-resolution induction and orientation wireline measurements were advised. These measurements would be used to update the wellbore survey and to detect acoustic reflections from the mother hole for identifying its relative orientation with respect to the sidetrack hole. Detailed measurement-while-drilling (MWD) wellbore survey analyses were conducted for the original and sidetrack holes beside typical corrections, such as Sag and drillstring interference. The deep shear wave imaging data recorded in the side-track hole was processed at multiple X-dipole polarization directions to detect shear reflection from the mother-hole and back calculate its relative position.

The high-resolution induction data could not detect the fish from the sidetrack, but few dipole reflections of the mother hole were detected in two locations. The orientation of the reflectors was consistent with the revised wellbore survey analysis, and this information was used to make the directional drilling corrections required to intersect the mother hole. The use of deep shear wave imaging data to identify a nearby open hole was a non-conventional application of this technology, but it definitely facilitated directional drilling operations to successfully intersect a mother hole that cannot be left uncompleted. After the openhole intersection, a good borehole condition was encountered due to the non-damaging fluid system, allowing the well to be completed as per original plan. Achieving this challenging directional drilling objective was critical for the field development plan of these offshore UAE reservoirs.

This case study represents the first documented field experience of using deep shear wave imaging data in the petroleum industry for assisting directional drillers to intersect an open hole mother wellbore after sidetracking a fish.
The role of PKCγ subunit of rACC neurons in the development of bone cancer pain in rats
Authors: Feng Hao , Feng Zequn , She Meng , Wang Gongming , Cheng Guanghui , Li Kailin , Wang Ruoyi , Li Xiaohui
Published: December 2018

Background: To explore the role of PKCγ subunit of rACC neurons in the development of bone cancer pain in rats.
Methods: 32 adult female SD rats were divided into four groups: blank control group (Naive group), sham operation group (Sham group), bone cancer pain group (BCP group) and PKCγ/shRNA recombinant lentiviral vector group (PKCγ group). 10μl MADB-106 rat mammary cancer cells suspension, 10μl saline was inoculated into the proximal tibia bone marrow cavity of rats in BCP group and Sham group respectively. In the PKCγ group, the rats were taken the same treatment as the BCP group, and then 10μl shRNA/NR2B recombinant lentivirus was injected into the bilateral rACC on the 7th day. The mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency were measured every 3 days to assess the rat pain behavior. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting technology were used to detect the expression of PKCγ subunits in rat rACC neurons after operation.
Results: There was no significant difference in the mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency between the four groups (P>0.05). From the 3rd day after operation, the mechanical withdrawal thresholds in BCP group and PKCγ group were significantly decreased than those in Naive group and Sham group (P<0.05). Compared with the BCP group, the mechanical withdrawal threshold in the PKCγ group increased significantly (P<0.05). On the 3rd postoperative day, the thermal withdrawal latency in BCP and PKCγ groups was significantly longer than those in Naive and Sham groups（P＜0.05). From the 10th postoperative day, the thermal withdrawal latency in PKCγ group was shorter than that in BCP group (P<0.05). Western blot analysis showed that the expression of PKCγ in rACC neurons on the 14th day after operation in rats of BCP group was significantly higher than that in Naive group and Sham group. (P<0.05) However, in the PKCγ group, the expression of PKCγ in rACC neurons was significantly lower than that in BCP group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Up-regulation of PKC subunit of rACC neurons in bone cancer pain rats may be involved in the development of pain sensitivity in bone cancer.
Key words: Bone cancer pain; rat; rACC; PKCγ; gene silencing
The Effects of Epidural Anesthesia and Analgesia on Cluster of Differentiation and Cytokines in Patients after Gastric Cancer Resection
Authors: Liang Si , Wang MD Liping , Chen MD Hong , Xu MD Yang , Wang MD Yu
Published: December 2018

Background: Epidural use can prevent peri-operative neuro-endocrine stress responses, improve pain after surgery, and reduce opioid volume which lead to immunosuppression.
Methods: Forty cases of patients with gastric cancer were finally enrolled into the study. Patients who received general anesthesia (GA group, n=20), a combination of general anesthesia and peri-operative epidural use (EGA group, n=20), were given intravenous analgesia or epidural analgesia, respectively. We collected visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, length of hospital stay, the first passage of flatus time and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). We also collected the Cluster of Differentiation (CD)3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+, Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, Interferon (IFN)-γ before surgery, as well as the postoperative days 1, 3 ,7.
Results: VAS scores and PONV in GA group were higher than EGA group in the postoperative 3 days. CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ were declined in the postoperative 3 days, and nearly recovered to the baseline in the seventh days after surgery in both of the two groups. CD3+ in the GA group decreased more than EGA group. IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ were increased in the postoperative 3 days, and nearly recovered to the baseline in the seventh days after surgery in both of the two groups, IL-4, IL-6 in the GA group increased more than EGA group. IFN-γ in the EGA group increased more than GA group.
Conclusions: A combination of general anesthesia and peri-operative epidural use can relieve postoperative pain and PONV. A combination of general anesthesia and peri-operative epidural use decreases immunosuppression in gastric cancer resection.
Diagnostic Test Accuracy of Diabetic Retinopathy Screening by Physician Graders Using a Hand Held Non-Mydriatic Retinal Camera at a Tertiary Level Medical Clinic in a Lower-Middle Income Country Setting
Authors: Piyasena Mapa Mudiyanselage Prabhath Nishantha , Yip Jennifer L.Y. , MacLeod David , Kim Min , Gudlavalleti Venkata S. Murthy
Published: December 2018

Background
We identified that there was less evidence on diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) of diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening photographic studies that have used non-ophthalmologist human resources in low and middle-income country (LMIC) settings. This study is the first to assess the DTA of physician graders using hand held digital imaging in Sri Lanka. We aimed to assess DTA of DR screening using a nonmydriatic hand-held digital camera by trained general physicians in a non-ophthalmic setting. This modality will be useful for adaptation in similar settings.
Methods
This study is a validation of a screening intervention. We selected people with diabetes (PwDM) not previously screened or treated for DR, presenting at a tertiary medical clinic in Sri Lanka. Two-field retinal imaging was used to capture fundus images before and after pupil dilatation. The images were captured and graded by two trained, masked independent physician graders. The DTA of different levels of DR was assessed comparing physician’s grading with a retinologist’s clinical examination according to a locally adopted guideline.
Results
Seven hundred eligible PwDM were screened by physician graders. Their mean age was 60.8 years (SD ±10.08) and mean duration of DM was 9.9 years (SD ±8.09). Ungradable image proportion in non-mydriatic imaging was 43.4% (either eye-31.3%, both eyes 12.1%). This decreased to 12.8% (either eye-11.6%, both eyes-1.2%) following pupil dilatation. In comparison to detection of any level of DR, a referable level DR (moderate non-proliferative DR and levels above) showed a higher level of DTA. The sensitivity of the defined referable DR was 88.7% (95% CI 81.7-93.8%) for grader 1 (positive predictive value [PPV] 59.1%) and 92.5% (95% CI 86.4-96.5%) for grader 2 (PPV 68%), using mydriatic imaging, after including ungradable images as screen positives. The specificity was 94.9% (95% CI 93.6-96.0%) for grader 1 (negative predictive value [NPV] 99%) and 96.4% (95% CI 95.3-97.3%) for grader 2 (NPV 99.4%).
Conclusions
The Physicians grading of images from a digital hand-held nonmydriatic camera was effective in identifying referable DR, following pupil dilatation. This could be a feasible alternative modality to the existing opportunistic screening to improve the access and coverage.
Surgical Effect of Unilateral Medial Rectus Resection According to Tendon Width in Recurrent Exotropia
Authors: Ha Suk-Gyu , Kim Seung-Hyun
Published: December 2018

Background
To investigate the dose response according to tendon width of the medial rectus in patients with recurrent exotropia who underwent unilateral medial rectus resection.
Methods
Patients with basic recurrent exotropia after bilateral lateral rectus recession were included. All patients underwent unilateral medial rectus resection according to the preoperative angle of deviation. Under general anesthesia, the tendon width of the medial rectus in the operated eye was measured. The patients were divided into 2 groups (narrow and wide) according to the median value of the tendon width of the medial rectus. The angle of deviation at postoperative day 1 was measured. The dose response was calculated based on the amount of correction and resection.
Results
This study included 38 patients. Age and preoperative angle of deviation were 11.0 ± 3.0 years (range, 6 – 19 years) and 21.3 ± 3.2 prism diopters (PD; range, 15 – 25 PD), respectively. Tendon width of the medial rectus was 7.6 ± 0.7 mm (range, 6.0 - 8.5 mm) and the median value of tendon width was 7.5 mm. The dose response was 4.6 ± 0.8 PD/mm (range, 2.4 - 5.6 PD/mm). The dose response was significantly greater in the wide than in the narrow tendon width group (p < 0.001). Tendon width of the medial rectus was significantly correlated with age, the preoperative angle of deviation and surgical dose response (all, p < 0.05).
Conclusion
The tendon width of the medial rectus could be a predictor for estimating the surgical dose response when considering unilateral medial rectus resection in patients with the moderate angle of recurrent exotropia.
Improvement of Postoperative Immunosuppression in Patients Receiving Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting by Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation: Study Protocol for a Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chen Wen-ting , Wei Jin-feng , Wang Lan , Zhang Deng-wen , Tang Wei , Wang Jian , Yong Yue , Wang Jing , Zhou Ya-lan , Yuan Lan , Fu Guo-qiang , Wang Sheng , Song Jian-gang
Published: December 2018

Background: The coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a surgery to relieve angina and reduce mortality of coronary heart disease. However, the patient is more prone to have immunosuppression after the surgery, causing secondary infection, and it is closely correlated to the occurrence and progress of tumor after surgery. More and more studies revealed that needle puncture was able to effectively regulate the function of immune system. However, its perioperative application is unclear. Therefore, this clinical study is aimed to evaluate whether the effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation (TEAS) on improvement of immunosuppression of patients after receiving CABG.
Methods: This clinical study was a single-center clinical trial. The 88 patients scheduled to receive CABG under extracorporeal circulation were randomized into 2 groups: the group of TEAS combined with general anesthesia (TEAS+GA), and the group of transcutaneous acupoint pseudo - electric stimulation combined with general anesthesia (Sham TEAS+GA). Human leukocyte antigen of monocyte (mHLA-DR) was the main endpoint to evaluate on the improvement of immunosuppression of patient after surgery. In addition, the monitoring indicators, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), reactive protein C (CRP), high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1), regulatory T cell (Treg) and secondary infection, etc., were recorded, and further statistical analysis was conducted.
Discussion: This study performs TEAS intervention on patients scheduled to receive CABG under extracorporeal circulation in perioperative period, to improve their postoperative immunosuppression, reduce postoperative complications, reduce secondary infection rate, shorten hospital stay and improve the patient’s outcome. This study also aims to provide clinical evidence for application of this technique. However, TEAS related parameters in this study (stimulus intensity and waveform, intervention timing and duration, etc.) should be further optimized.
Trial registration: This study was approved by Ethics Committee of Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine with the number 2016-455-06-01. The results of the trial will be published in an internationally peer-reviewed journal. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials with the Identifier NCT02933996 on 13 October 2016, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02933996
Keywords: CABG; TEAS; immunosuppression; mHLA-DR
Retrograde Inferior Vena Caval Perfusion for Total Aortic Arch Replacement Surgery (RIVP-TARS): A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Trial
Authors: Lin Jing , Tan Zhaoxia , Hu Xiaolin , Yao Hao , Zhang Dafa , Zhao Yuan , Xiong Jiyue , Dou Bo , Zhu Xueshuang , Wu Zhong , Guo Yingqiang , Kang Deying , Du Lei
Published: December 2018

Background: During total aortic arch replacement surgery (TARS) for patients with acute type A aortic dissection, organs in the lower body such as the viscera and spinal cord are at risk of ischemia even when antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP) is performed. Combining ACP with retrograde inferior vena caval perfusion (RIVP) during TARS may improve outcomes by providing the lower body with oxygenated blood.
Methods: This is a multi-center, randomized, controlled trial of 500 patients scheduled for TARS. Patients were randomly allocated to a moderate hypothermia circulatory arrest (MHCA) group, who received selective ACP with moderate hypothermia during TARS; or to an RIVP group, who received the combination of RIVP and selective ACP under moderate hypothermia during TARS. The primary outcome was a composite of early mortality and major complications, including paraplegia, postoperative renal failure, severe liver dysfunction, postoperative prolonged intubation (>48 h), and gastrointestinal complications.
Discussion: This study aims to assess whether RIVP combined with selective ACP leads to superior outcomes than selective ACP alone for patients undergoing TARS under moderate hypothermia. This study seeks to provide high-quality evidence for RIVP to be used in patients with acute type A aortic dissection undergoing TARS.
Sensory Integration Therapy Versus Usual Care for Sensory Processing Difficulties in Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children: Study Protocol for a Pragmatic Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Randell Elizabeth , McNamara Rachel , Delport Sue , Busse Monica , Hastings Richard , Gillespie David , Williams-Thomas Rhys , Brookes-Howell Lucy , Romeo Renee , Boadu Janet , Ahuja Alka S , McKigney Anne Marie , Knapp Martin , Smith Kathryn , Thornton Jacqui , Warren Gemma
Published: December 2018

Background:
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a common lifelong condition affecting 1 in 100 people. ASD affects how a person relates to others and the world around them. Difficulty responding to sensory information (noise, touch, movement, taste, sight) is common, and might include feeling overwhelmed or distressed by loud or constant low-level noise (e.g. in the classroom). Affected children may also show little or no response to these sensory cues. These ‘sensory processing difficulties’ are associated with behaviour and socialisation problems, and affect education, relationships, and participation in daily life. Sensory Integration Therapy (SIT) is a face-to-face therapy or treatment, provided by trained occupational therapists who use play -based sensory-motor activities and the just-right challenge to influence the way the child responds to sensation, reducing distress, and improving motor skills, adaptive responses, concentration and interaction with others. With limited research into SIT, this protocol describes in detail how the intervention will be defined and evaluated.
Methods:
Two-arm pragmatic individually 1:1 Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) with internal pilot of SIT versus Usual Care (UC) for primary school aged children (4 to 11 years) with ASD and Sensory Processing (SP) difficulties. 216 children will be recruited from multiple sources. Therapy will be delivered in clinics meeting full fidelity criteria for manualised SIT over 26 weeks (face-to-face sessions: 2 per week for 10 weeks, 2 per month for 2 months; Telephone call: 1 per month for 2 months). Follow up assessments will be completed at 6 and 12 months post randomisation. Prior to recruitment: therapists will be invited to participate in focus groups/interviews to explore what is delivered as usual care in trial regions; carers will be invited to complete an online survey to map out their experience of services. Following recruitment: carers will be given diaries to record their contact with services. Following intervention, carer and therapist interviews will be completed.
Discussion:
Results of this trial will provide high quality evidence on the clinical and cost-effectiveness of SIT aimed at improving behavioural, functional, social, educational and well-being outcomes for children and well-being outcomes for carers and families.
Cloud Point Extraction and Spectrophotometric Determination of Allura Red (E129) in Foodstuffs
Authors: Bişgin Abdullah Taner
Published: December 2018

A new cloud point extraction method was developed for preconcentration of allura red food dyeas a prior step to its spectrophotometric determination by UV-Vis spectrometry. Allura red was determined at 506nm. Extraction parameters such as H2SO4 and surfactant concentrations, equilibration time and temperature wereinvestigated and optimized. Interference efects of matrix components were investigated. Preconcentration factor ofthe method was obtained as 25. The relative standard deviations of the method were lower than 6%. Detection limitand quantitation limit of the method were determined as 3.0 and 8.5 ng mL-1, respectively. Linear calibration curvewas plotted in the range of 0-6 µg mL-1. Finally, the method was successfully applied to foodstuffs to determinethe allura red contents of energy drink, candy, drink powder, syrup and jelly samples. Allura red concentrations offoodstuffs were determined between 9-499 µg g-1 and 47-231 µg mL-1 for solid and liquid samples, respectively.
New Floristic Records for C2 Square in the Flora of Turkey
Authors: Değerli Yeliz , Varol Ömer
Published: December 2018

In this study, 13 taxa belonging to C2 square in the Flora of Turkey have been given as new records.
Siyah Çay (Camellia sinensis) Sulu Ekstraktı Kullanılarak Nanotanecikli ZnO İnce Filminin Üretilmesi ve Karakterize Edilmesi
Authors: ÇOLAK HAKAN
Published: December 2018

Nanoteknoloji, malzeme biliminin önemli bir araştırma alanıdır. Özellikle, çevre dostu yöntemlerkullanılarak nanoyapılı malzemelerin üretilmesi nanoteknoloji için daha da önemli hale gelmiştir. Çinko oksit(ZnO) nanoteknoloji için öne çıkan malzemeden bir tanesidir. Bu çalışmada, siyah çayın (Camellia sinensis) suluekstraktı kullanılarak ZnO nanotanecikleri üretildi ve döndürerek kaplama sistemi ile bir cam altlık üzerine incefilm olarak kaplandı. Üretilen ZnO örneğinin tanımlanması ve kristal özelliklerinin belirlenmesi x-ışını difraksiyonu(XRD) ile gerçekleştirildi. XRD verilerinden ZnO örneğinin ortalama kristal boyutu 44 nm olarak hesaplandı. ZnOörneğinin morfolojik özellikleri alan emisyonlu-taramalı elektron mikroskobu (FE-SEM) ile incelendi ve ortalamatanecik boyutu yaklaşık 100 nm olarak ölçüldü. Üretilen ZnO örneğinin optik özellikleri mor ötesi-görünür bölge(UV-VIS) spektrofotometresi ile incelendi ve 350-1000 nm dalgaboyu aralığında % 90 üzerinde optik geçirgenlikgözlendi. Üretilen ZnO örneğinin elektriksel iletkenlik değerleri dört nokta dc sistemi ile ölçüldü ve sırasıyla 35 ve550 °C ölçüm sıcaklıklarında 1.65*10-8 ve 1.26*10-6 Ω-1.cm-1 olarak belirlendi.