bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TMD factorization for dijets + photon production from the dilute-dense CGC framework
Authors: Altinoluk Tolga , Boussarie Renaud , Marquet Cyrille , Taels Pieter
Published: July 2019

Abstract

We calculate the production of a photon and two jets at forward rapidity in proton-nucleus collisions, within the hybrid dilute-dense framework in the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) formalism. After obtaining the cross section for both the quark- and gluon-initiated channels, we consider the correlation limit, in which the vector sum of the transverse momenta of the three outgoing particles is small with respect to the individual transverse momenta. In this limit, the cross section simplifies considerably and can be written in a factorized form, sensitive to various unpolarized and linearly-polarized transverse-momentum-dependent gluon distribution functions (gluon TMDs). Thus, we demonstrate for the first time that the emergence of a TMD factorization formula in the correlation limit, from CGC expressions, holds beyond the previously-considered simpler 2→2processes.
Asymptotic four point functions
Authors: Basso Benjamin , Coronado Frank , Komatsu Shota , Lam Ho Tat , Vieira Pedro , Zhong De-liang
Published: July 2019

Abstract

We initiate the study of four-point functions of large BPS operators at any value of the coupling. We do it by casting it as a sum over exchange of superconformal primaries and computing the structure constants using integrability. Along the way, we incorporate the nested Bethe ansatz structure to the hexagon formalism for the three-point functions and obtain a compact formula for the asymptotic structure constant of a non-BPS operator in a higher rank sector.
Non-relativistic gravity theory based on an enlargement of the extended Bargmann algebra
Authors: Concha Patrick , Rodríguez Evelyn
Published: July 2019

Abstract

In this work we study a non-relativistic three dimensional Chern-Simons gravity theory based on an enlargement of the Extended Bargmann algebra. A finite nonrelativistic Chern-Simons gravity action is obtained through the non-relativistic contraction of a particular U(1) enlargement of the so-called AdS-Lorentz algebra. We show that the non-relativistic gravity theory introduced here reproduces the Maxwellian Exotic Bargmann gravity theory when a flat limit ℓ → ∞ is applied. We also present an alternative procedure to obtain the non-relativistic versions of the AdS-Lorentz and Maxwell algebras through the semigroup expansion method.
On interpolating anomalous dimension of twist-two operators with general spins
Authors: Banerjee Aritra , Chowdhury Abhishek , Thakur Somyadip , Yang Gang
Published: July 2019

Abstract

We study non-perturbative interpolating functions to probe the physics of anomalous dimensions associated with twist-two operators in

$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$

N
=
4

SYM of finite and infinite spin. Compared to previous studies, the novel result of this paper is to introduce single multivariate functions of both coupling g and spin j to approximate such anomalous dimensions. We provide a unified framework to study such operators in interim ranges of the parameters which so far has eluded previous results. Explicitly, we consider twist-two anomalous dimensions in two distinct scenarios using interpolating functions. For the large N case, we stick to simple Padé approximants and its generalizations. For the finite N case,

$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$

N
=
4

SYM is expected to be S-dual invariant, hence the observables are expected be modular invariant. To probe the finite N physics, we take into account the non-planar and instanton contributions by constructing modular invariant interpolating functions to approximate the cusp and twist-two anomalous dimensions. We also consider interpolating functions for the twist-four operators and study level crossing phenomenon between the twist-two and twist-four operators.
3d one-form mixed anomaly and entanglement entropy
Authors: Zhou Yang
Published: July 2019

Abstract

We study mixed anomaly between G
1 and G
2 of one-form finite symmetry G
1 × G
2 in 3d Chern-Simons theories. We assign a quantum entanglement structure to two linked G-symmetry lines (Wilson loops) and compute the entanglement entropy S[G]. We find a measure of the mixed anomaly by computing S[G
1 × G
2] − S[G
1] − S[G
2].
Conformal differential operator in embedding space and its applications
Authors: Fortin Jean-François , Skiba Witold
Published: July 2019

Abstract

We develop techniques useful for obtaining conformal blocks in embedding space. We construct a unique differential operator in embedding space and use it to construct a function that will be an important ingredient in assembling conformal blocks. We show a number of relations that the components of conformal blocks satisfy and find invariance of our expressions under the dihedral group.
Casimir effect, Weyl anomaly and displacement operator in boundary conformal field theory
Authors: Miao Rong-Xin
Published: July 2019

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate Casimir effect, Weyl anomaly and displacement operator for boundary conformal field theory in general dimensions. We find universal relations between them. In particular, they are all determined by the central charge of boundary conformal field theory. We verify these relations by studying free BCFTs and holographic BCFTs. As a byproduct, we obtain the holographic two point function of stress tensor when the bulk boundary is perpendicular to the AdS boundary.
Treatment of speech sound disorders in children
Authors: Alhaidary Abdulsalam
Published: July 2019

Background:

Children with speech disorders need to receive effective services to improve their speech intelligibility. A variety of treatments are available, and one of the most commonly used techniques is oral-motor training, which includes nonspeech oral exercises.

Methods:

This paper conducted a review of the literature on using nonspeech oral exercises to treat children with developmental speech sound disorders.

Results:

Despite the popularity of this treatment, the nonspeech oral techniques lack supporting evidence in existing literature. Also, the justification of the proposed rationales for this treatment is being questioned. Many other speech-based approaches that are supported by research are available for speech-language pathologists. Some have suggested that any oral training and activity should be performed in the context of speech. The appropriate role of nonspeech oral exercises is that they should be ultimately practiced within the context of speech.

Conclusion:

Generally, oral training that does not involve speech production should be considered carefully with respect to a client's speech needs. Thus, further research is needed to examine the clinical value of using nonspeech oral exercises to treat speech sound disorders in children.
Day-case tonsillectomy in children: Experience from a Teaching Hospital in Jordan
Authors: Al-Shagahin Hani M. , AlBtoush Osameh , Alrawashdeh Badi , Alsunna Zaid , Ababseh Suheir
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

This study has been conducted for the first time in Jordan to investigate safety issues relating to day-case tonsillectomies in childrens and to study the post-operative complication rate compared to tonsillectomies carried out with inpatient admission to hospital.

Materials and methods:

Retrospective review of medical charts of 419 pediatric patients who had undergone tonsillectomies. Patients were divided into two groups, with 103 patients in the inpatient group and 316 patients in the day-case group. A comparison is made between the clinical and demographic data of the patients studied and the postoperative complication rate.

Results:

The two main indications for tonsillectomy in all patients were recurrent infection and tonsillar hypertrophy. For instances of day-case tonsillectomy, only one patient had secondary post-tonsillectomy bleeding (0.32%); likewise, there was only one case of this reported for the inpatient group (1%), and there were no cases of reactionary hemorrhage reported in either groups. Statistical analysis failed to show a significant association between the inpatient and day-case surgery groups (P > 0.05) in terms of post-tonsillectomy bleeding.

Conclusion:

We found day-case tonsillectomy to be a safe procedure in children if the inclusion and exclusion criteria followed properly. The observation time following tonsillectomy is crucial to avoid the postoperative complications.

Highlights:
Daily Oral l-Arginine Plus Tadalafil in Diabetic Patients with Erectile Dysfunction: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: El Taieb Moustafa , Hegazy Eisa , Ibrahim Ahmed
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Erectile dysfunction is a common condition among diabetic men. Many treatments are now available with variable responses.

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of daily oral l-arginine plus tadalafil in diabetic patients with mild to moderate erectile dysfunction.

Methods

A double-blinded, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted with 108 diabetic male patients. Each patient was assessed by medical and sexual histories, International Index of Erectile Function 5-item questionnaires, pharmaco-penile duplex ultrasonography, and serum testosterone level.

Main Outcome Measure

Improvement in International Index of Erectile Function 5-item, serum testosterone level and pharmaco-penile duplex ultrasonography.

Results

Erectile functions were significantly improved in all patients after treatment as compared with baseline and placebo (P < .001). Patients who received both drugs showed significant improvement compared to those treated with single drugs, as assessed by International Index of Erectile Function scores and total testosterone (P < .001). Pharmaco-penile ultrasound duplex results showed non-significant differences among patients treated with both drugs and those with each drug alone.

Conclusion

Daily use of l-arginine with tadalafil significantly increased the International Index of Erectile Function scores and total testosterone levels as compared to each drug alone in diabetic patients with erectile dysfunction. No differences were found based on pharmaco-penile duplex findings.
SIZE-BIASED TRANSFORM AND CONDITIONAL MEAN RISK SHARING, WITH APPLICATION TO P2P INSURANCE AND TONTINES
Authors: Denuit Michel
Published: July 2019

Using risk-reducing properties of conditional expectations with respect to convex order, Denuit and Dhaene [Denuit, M. and Dhaene, J. (2012). Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 51, 265–270] proposed the conditional mean risk sharing rule to allocate the total risk among participants to an insurance pool. This paper relates the conditional mean risk sharing rule to the size-biased transform when pooled risks are independent. A representation formula is first derived for the conditional expectation of an individual risk given the aggregate loss. This formula is then exploited to obtain explicit expressions for the contributions to the pool when losses are modeled by compound Poisson sums, compound Negative Binomial sums, and compound Binomial sums, to which Panjer recursion applies. Simple formulas are obtained when claim severities are homogeneous. A couple of applications are considered: first, to a peer-to-peer insurance scheme where participants share the first layer of their respective risks while the higher layer is ceded to a (re)insurer; second, to survivor credits to be shared among surviving participants in tontine schemes.
Bacterial septic arthritis infections associated with intra-articular injection practices for osteoarthritis knee pain—New Jersey, 2017
Authors: Ross Kathleen M. , Mehr Jason S. , Carothers Barbara L. , Greeley Rebecca D. , Benowitz Isaac , Henry David , McHugh Lisa A. , DiFedele Lisa , Adler Eric , Naqvi Shereen , Taylor Laura , Lifshitz Edward , Tan Christina , Montana Barbara E.
Published: July 2019

Background:

In March 2017, the New Jersey Department of Health received reports of 3 patients who developed septic arthritis after receiving intra-articular injections for osteoarthritis knee pain at the same private outpatient facility in New Jersey. The risk of septic arthritis resulting from intra-articular injection is low. However, outbreaks of septic arthritis associated with unsafe injection practices in outpatient settings have been reported.

Methods:

An infection prevention assessment of the implicated facility’s practices was conducted because of the ongoing risk to public health. The assessment included an environmental inspection of the facility, staff interviews, infection prevention practice observations, and a medical record and office document review. A call for cases was disseminated to healthcare providers in New Jersey to identify patients treated at the facility who developed septic arthritis after receiving intra-articular injections.

Results:

We identified 41 patients with septic arthritis associated with intra-articular injections. Cultures of synovial fluid or tissue from 15 of these 41 case patients (37%) recovered bacteria consistent with oral flora. The infection prevention assessment of facility practices identified multiple breaches of recommended infection prevention practices, including inadequate hand hygiene, unsafe injection practices, and poor cleaning and disinfection practices. No additional cases were identified after infection prevention recommendations were implemented by the facility.

Discussion:

Aseptic technique is imperative when handling, preparing, and administering injectable medications to prevent microbial contamination.

Conclusions:

This investigation highlights the importance of adhering to infection prevention recommendations. All healthcare personnel who prepare, handle, and administer injectable medications should be trained in infection prevention and safe injection practices.
Current infection prevention and antibiotic stewardship program practices: A survey of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Research Network (SRN)
Authors: Chiotos Kathleen , Rock Clare , Schweizer Marin L. , Deloney Valerie M. , Morgan Daniel J. , Milstone Aaron M. , Henderson David K. , Harris Anthony D. , Han Jennifer H.
Published: July 2019

We used a survey to characterize contemporary infection prevention and antibiotic stewardship program practices across 64 healthcare facilities, and we compared these findings to those of a similar 2013 survey. Notable findings include decreased frequency of active surveillance for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, frequent active surveillance for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, and increased support for antibiotic stewardship programs.
On the Size-Ramsey Number of Cycles
Authors: Javadi R. , Khoeini F. , Omidi G. R. , Pokrovskiy A.
Published: July 2019

For given graphs G1,…, Gk, the size-Ramsey number

$\hat R({G_1}, \ldots ,{G_k})$

is the smallest integer m for which there exists a graph H on m edges such that in every k-edge colouring of H with colours 1,…,k, H contains a monochromatic copy of Gi of colour i for some 1 ≤ i ≤ k. We denote

$\hat R({G_1}, \ldots ,{G_k})$

by

${\hat R_k}(G)$

when G1 = ⋯ = Gk = G.

Haxell, Kohayakawa and Łuczak showed that the size-Ramsey number of a cycle Cn is linear in n,

${\hat R_k}({C_n}) \le {c_k}n$

for some constant ck. Their proof, however, is based on Szemerédi’s regularity lemma so no specific constant ck is known.

In this paper, we give various upper bounds for the size-Ramsey numbers of cycles. We provide an alternative proof of

${\hat R_k}({C_n}) \le {c_k}n$

, avoiding use of the regularity lemma, where ck is exponential and doubly exponential in k, when n is even and odd, respectively. In particular, we show that for sufficiently large n we have

${\hat R_2}({C_n}) \le {10^5} \times cn$

, where c = 6.5 if n is even and c = 1989 otherwise.
Genetic potential of rice under alternate-wetting-and-drying irrigation management for barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) suppression and grain yield production
Authors: Gealy David R. , Rohila Jai S. , Boykin Deborah L.
Published: July 2019

Barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) P. Beauv.] is one of the most troublesome and competitive weed species in rice (Oryza sativaL.) grown under conventional flood (FLD) irrigation and is expected to be similarly damaging under alternate-wetting-and-drying (AWD) irrigation. Severalindicarice genotypes have been shown to suppressE. crus-galliunder FLD management, but very little is known about the nature and potential of weed suppression using AWD irrigation. In this 3-yr field study, we evaluated seven diverse rice genotypes for their weed suppression and grain yield potential under FLD and AWD irrigation. TheE. crus-gallidry biomass at midseason was 11% less under AWD compared with FLD. Overall, plots of anindicavariety and a hybrid resulted in lessE. crus-gallidry biomass under AWD compared with FLD. Grain yield in weed-free AWD plots averaged 12% less than in weed-free FLD plots. Grain yield of the tropicaljaponica(TRJ) type, ‘Bengal’, was 32% lower under AWD than FLD, whereas grain yields of the twoindicagenotypes, PI 312777 and ‘Rondo’, and a hybrid were similar in both irrigation systems. Grain yield reduction inE. crus-galli–infested AWD plots averaged greater than 90%. Thus,E. crus-galligreatly reduced the grain yield of all rice genotypes tested in both FLD and AWD systems in this study. Grain yield of theindicaand hybrid genotypes was relatively less affected by the AWD treatments compared with the TRJ genotypes, particularly with Bengal, suggesting that the weed-suppressive genotypes, PI 312777 and Rondo, would be better suited to AWD irrigation systems and for inclusion in weed-suppression rice-breeding programs in the southern United States.
Erfolgreich umsetzen
Authors: Kalkhoff Sabine
Published: July 2019

Zusammenfassung. Viele berufliche Situationen im Alltag psychiatrisch Pflegender sind äußerst komplex und einmalig. Schwierige Situationen ergeben sich fast täglich, wenn Krisensituationen, fachliche Erfordernisse, Arbeitsprozesse, Sichtweisen im interdisziplinären Setting, menschliche und körperliche Bedürfnisse und Erwartungen von Patienten und ihren Angehörigen nicht zusammenpassen. Gleichzeitig ändern sich die Rahmenbedingungen, der ökonomische Druck auf das Gesundheitswesen steigt, Effizienz, Rentabilität und Messbarkeit bestimmen zunehmend die Praxis. Intervision als kollegiale Beratung im Team bei beruflichen Problemen kann eine Methode sein, Belastungssituationen und Schwierigkeiten im täglichen Arbeitsablauf zu überwinden. In diesem Artikel wird die Intervision, deren Ablauf, ihre Möglichkeiten und Voraussetzungen zur Umsetzung vorgestellt.
Reflexion in der psychiatrischen Pflege
Authors: Rixe Jacqueline , Rott Hannah , Wottke Patric , Kämmer Wolfram , Hahn Birgit
Published: July 2019

Zusammenfassung. In Zeiten von Pflegenotstand und Generationswechsel in der psychiatrischen Pflege sind Konzepte nötig, in denen Berufsanfänger_innen Raum für Lern- und Entwicklungsprozesse geschaffen wird. Ein innovatives Einarbeitungsprogramm für psychiatrisch Pflegende in der stationären Psychiatrie, das Traineeprogamm in psychiatrischer Pflege (TiPP), bietet diesen Raum. Um diesen öffnen zu können, braucht es einen Schlüssel: die Reflexion von Erfahrungen in der Praxis.
Seasonal Evolution of Light Transmission Distributions Through Arctic Sea Ice
Authors: Katlein Christian , Arndt Stefanie , Belter H. Jakob , Castellani Giulia , Nicolaus Marcel
Published: July 2019

Light transmission through sea ice is a critical process for energy partitioning at the polar atmosphere‐ice‐ocean boundary. Transmission of sunlight strongly impacts sea ice melting by absorption, as well as heat deposition, and primary productivity in the upper ocean. While earlier observations relied on a limited number of point observations, the recent years have seen an increase in spatially distributed light measurements underneath sea ice using remotely operated vehicles covering a wide range of ice conditions. These measurements allow us to reconstruct the seasonal evolution of the spatial variability in light transmission. Here we present measurements of sea ice light transmittance distributions from 6 years of Arctic under‐ice remotely operated vehicle operations. The data set covers the entire melt period of Central Arctic sea ice. Data are combined into a pseudo time series describing the seasonal evolution of the spatial variability of sea ice optical properties from spring to autumn freezeup. In spring, snowmelt increases light transmission continuously, until a secondary mode originating from translucent melt ponds appears in the histograms of light transmittance. This secondary mode persists long into autumn, before snowfall reduces overall light levels again. Comparison to several autonomous time series measurements from single locations confirms the detected general patterns of the seasonal evolution of light transmittance variability. This also includes characteristic spectral features caused by biological processes at the ice underside. The results allow for the evaluation of three different light transmittance parameterizations, implying that light transmission in current ice‐ocean models may not be accurately represented on large scales throughout all seasons while ice thickness alone is a poor predictor of light transmittance.
Decadal Variability of the Barrier Layer and Forcing Mechanism in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Pang Shanshan , Wang Xidong , Liu Hailong , Zhou Guidi , Fan Kaigui
Published: July 2019

Using Simple Ocean Data Assimilation data set for 1951–2010, we analyze the decadal variability of barrier layer thickness (BLT) and its forcing mechanisms in the Bay of Bengal (BoB). The decadal variability of BLT shows a close connection with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The PDO‐induced spatial distribution of BLT is similar to its first Empirical Orthogonal Function mode, showing a meridional dipolar pattern. PDO can exert an influence on the decadal variations in the Walker circulation to indirectly modulate decadal variations in BLT. Weakened southwesterly winds over the BoB associated with a positive PDO phase enhance shoreward Ekman transport along the eastern and northern boundary of the BoB and therefore deepen isothermal layer depth, which further induces positive BLT anomalies along the eastern and northern coast of the BoB. On the other hand, the weakened winds decrease oceanic heat loss; meanwhile, the enhanced upwelling driven by positive wind stress curl anomalies shoals the isothermal layer depth and thus decreases the BLT over the southeastern BoB. The opposite is true for the negative PDO phase. Using an ocean mixed layer model, we diagnose the relative contribution of different forcing terms to BLT variations on decadal timescales. It is found that horizontal advection and freshwater flux‐induced entrainment dominate the decadal BLT variability in the northern BoB, whereas heat and freshwater flux‐induced entrainment play a dominant role in the southern BoB.
Marshall Islands Nuclear Contamination Still Dangerously High
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: July 2019

Today’s radiation levels at some locations were higher than in areas affected by the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear disasters.
Rapid Precipitation of Relativistic Electron by EMIC Rising‐Tone Emissions Observed by the Van Allen Probes
Authors: Nakamura S. , Omura Y. , Kletzing C. , Baker D. N.
Published: July 2019

On 23 February 2014, Van Allen Probes sensors observed quite strong electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves in the outer dayside magnetosphere. The maximum amplitude was more than 14 nT, comparable to 7% of the magnitude of the ambient magnetic field. The EMIC waves consisted of a series of coherent rising tone emissions. Rising tones are excited sporadically by energetic protons. At the same time, the probes detected drastic fluctuations in fluxes of MeV electrons. It was found that the electron fluxes decreased by more than 30% during the 1 min following the observation of each EMIC rising tone emissions. Furthermore, it is concluded that the flux reduction is a nonadiabatic (irreversible) process since holes in the particle flux levels appear as drift echoes with energy dispersion. We examine the process of electron pitch angle scattering by nonlinear wave trapping due to anomalous cyclotron resonance with EMIC rising tone emissions. The energy range of precipitated electrons agrees with the presumed energy for the threshold amplitude for nonlinear wave trapping. This is the first report of rapid precipitation (<1 min) of relativistic electrons by EMIC rising tone emissions and their drift echoes in time observed by spacecraft.
Atmospheric Dust Variations in the Ili Basin, Northwest China, During the Last Glacial Period as Revealed by a High Mountain Loess‐Paleosol Sequence
Authors: Li Yue , Song Yougui , Qiang Mingrui , Miao Yunfa , Zeng Mengxiu
Published: July 2019

Atmospheric dust emission is closely related to conditions in the source area. Typically, loess deposits represent the accumulation of locally derived dust, providing the opportunity to reconstruct past variations in dust emission and hence insights into dust‐climate linkages and the underlying mechanisms of dust mobilization, transport, and deposition. As yet, however, information on patterns of dust emission in Central Asia is sparse. Here we present the last glacial sedimentological data of a loess section from the Ili Basin, northwest China. Our results show that the variations in sand‐sized fraction can indicate frequencies of occurring strong winds, which was likely driven by the Eurasian ice sheets during Marine Isotope Stage Stage 2 (MIS2) and MIS4 and by the boreal summer insolation during MIS3. The mass accumulation rate (MAR) reflects an integration of sediment availability in the provenance, vegetation cover in the deposition area, and wind regime. The differences of driving factors potentially explain the observed mismatches between variations in grain size and MAR. Comparison of dust fluxes observed in Greenland ice core and the North Pacific deep‐sea sediment with the Central/East Asian MAR records supports the idea that the high flux of long‐distance export of Asian dust is closely associated with the Siberian High and also influenced by changes in the atmospheric transport efficiency and likely by the source strength.
Cloud Masking for Landsat 8 and MODIS Terra Over Snow‐Covered Terrain: Error Analysis and Spectral Similarity Between Snow and Cloud
Authors: Stillinger Timbo , Roberts Dar A. , Collar Natalie M. , Dozier Jeff
Published: July 2019

Automated, reliable cloud masks over snow‐covered terrain would improve the retrieval of snow properties from multispectral satellite sensors. The U.S. Geological Survey and NASA chose the currently operational cloud masks based on global performance across diverse land cover types. This study assesses errors in these cloud masks over snow‐covered, midlatitude mountains. We use 26 Landsat 8 scenes with manually delineated cloud, snow, and land cover to assess the performance of two cloud masks: CFMask for the Landsat 8 OLI and the cloud mask that ships with Moderate‐Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) surface reflectance products MOD09GA and MYD09GA. The overall precision and recall of CFMask over snow‐covered terrain are 0.70 and 0.86; the MOD09GA cloud mask precision and recall are 0.17 and 0.72. A plausible reason for poorer performance of cloud masks over snow lies in the potential similarity between multispectral signatures of snow and cloud pixels in three situations: (1) Snow at high elevation is bright enough in the “cirrus” bands (Landsat band 9 or MODIS band 26) to be classified as cirrus. (2) Reflectances of “dark” clouds in shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands are bracketed by snow spectra in those wavelengths. (3) Snow as part of a fractional mixture in a pixel with soils sometimes produces “bright SWIR” pixels that look like clouds. Improvement in snow‐cloud discrimination in these cases will require more information than just the spectrum of the sensor's bands or will require deployment of a spaceborne imaging spectrometer, which could discriminate between snow and cloud under conditions where a multispectral sensor might not.
Correction: Whole-genome sequencing of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia reveals distinct differences in the mutational landscape between IgHVmut and IgHVunmut subgroups
Authors: Burns A , Alsolami R , Becq J , Stamatopoulos B , Timbs A , Bruce D , Robbe P , Vavoulis D , Clifford R , Cabes M , Dreau H , Taylor J , Knight S J L , Mansson R , Bentley D , Beekman R , Martín-Subero J I , Campo E , Houlston R S , Ridout K E , Schuh A
Published: July 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Deep-learning-powered photonic analog-to-digital conversion
Authors: Xu Shaofu , Zou Xiuting , Ma Bowen , Chen Jianping , Yu Lei , Zou Weiwen
Published: July 2019

Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) must be high speed, broadband, and accurate for the development of modern information systems, such as radar, imaging, and communications systems; photonic technologies are regarded as promising technologies for realizing these advanced requirements. Here, we present a deep-learning-powered photonic ADC architecture that simultaneously exploits the advantages of electronics and photonics and overcomes the bottlenecks of the two technologies, thereby overcoming the ADC tradeoff among speed, bandwidth, and accuracy. Via supervised training, the adopted deep neural networks learn the patterns of photonic system defects and recover the distorted data, thereby maintaining the high quality of the electronic quantized data succinctly and adaptively. The numerical and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed architecture outperforms state-of-the-art ADCs with developable high throughput; hence, deep learning performs well in photonic ADC systems. We anticipate that the proposed architecture will inspire future high-performance photonic ADC design and provide opportunities for substantial performance enhancement for the next-generation information systems.
DRP-1 functions independently of mitochondrial structural perturbations to facilitate BH3 mimetic-mediated apoptosis
Authors: Milani Mateus , Beckett Alison J. , Al-Zebeeby Aoula , Luo Xu , Prior Ian A. , Cohen Gerald M. , Varadarajan Shankar
Published: July 2019

Maintenance of mitochondrial integrity is critical for normal cellular homoeostasis. Most cells respond to stress stimuli and undergo apoptosis by perturbing mitochondrial structure and function to release proteins, such as cytochrome c, which are essential for the execution of the intrinsic apoptotic cascade. Cancer cells evade these events by overexpressing the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family of proteins on mitochondrial membranes. Inhibitors of the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins, also known as BH3 mimetics, antagonise the pro-survival functions of these proteins and result in rapid apoptosis. Although the precise mechanism by which BH3 mimetics induce apoptosis has been well characterised, not much is known in terms of the structural changes that occur in mitochondria during apoptosis. Using a panel of highly selective BH3 mimetics and a wide range of cell lines, we demonstrate that BH3 mimetics induce extensive mitochondrial fission, accompanied by swelling of the mitochondrial matrix and rupture of the outer mitochondrial membrane. These changes occur in a BAX/ BAK-dependent manner. Although a major mitochondrial fission GTPase, DRP-1, has been implicated in mitochondrial apoptosis, our data demonstrate that DRP-1 might function independently/downstream of BH3 mimetic-mediated mitochondrial fission to facilitate the release of cytochrome c and apoptosis. Moreover, downregulation of DRP-1 prevented cytochrome c release and apoptosis even when OPA1, a protein mediating mitochondrial fusion, was silenced. Although BH3 mimetic-mediated displacement of BAK and other BH3-only proteins from BCL-XL and MCL-1 was unaffected by DRP-1 downregulation, it prevented BAK activation significantly, thus placing DRP-1 as one of the most critical players, along with BAX and BAK, that governs BH3 mimetic-mediated cytochrome c release and apoptosis.
The longevity-promoting factor, TCER-1, widely represses stress resistance and innate immunity
Authors: Amrit Francis R. G. , Naim Nikki , Ratnappan Ramesh , Loose Julia , Mason Carter , Steenberge Laura , McClendon Brooke T. , Wang Guoqiang , Driscoll Monica , Yanowitz Judith L. , Ghazi Arjumand
Published: July 2019

Stress resistance and longevity are positively correlated but emerging evidence indicates that they are physiologically distinct. Identifying factors with distinctive roles in these processes is challenging because pro-longevity genes often enhance stress resistance. We demonstrate that TCER-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of human transcription elongation and splicing factor, TCERG1, has opposite effects on lifespan and stress resistance. We previously showed that tcer-1 promotes longevity in germline-less C. elegans and reproductive fitness in wild-type animals. Surprisingly, tcer-1 mutants exhibit exceptional resistance against multiple stressors, including infection by human opportunistic pathogens, whereas, TCER-1 overexpression confers immuno-susceptibility. TCER-1 inhibits immunity only during fertile stages of life. Elevating its levels ameliorates the fertility loss caused by infection, suggesting that TCER-1 represses immunity to augment fecundity. TCER-1 acts through repression of PMK-1 as well as PMK-1-independent factors critical for innate immunity. Our data establish key roles for TCER-1 in coordinating immunity, longevity and fertility, and reveal mechanisms that distinguish length of life from functional aspects of aging.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 in the medial prefrontal cortex promotes stress resilience by reducing inflammatory processes
Authors: Corbett Brian F. , Luz Sandra , Arner Jay , Pearson-Leary Jiah , Sengupta Abhishek , Taylor Deanne , Gehrman Philip , Ross Richard , Bhatnagar Seema
Published: July 2019

Stress can promote the development of psychiatric disorders, though some individuals are more vulnerable to stress compared to others who are more resilient. Here we show that the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of rats regulates resilience to chronic social defeat stress. S1PR3 expression is elevated in the mPFC of resilient compared to vulnerable and control rats. Virally-mediated over-expression of S1PR3 in the mPFC produces a resilient phenotype whereas its knock-down produces a vulnerable phenotype, characterized by increased anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, and these effects are mediated by TNFα. Furthermore, we show that S1PR3 mRNA in blood is reduced in veterans with PTSD compared to combat-exposed control subjects and its expression negatively correlates with symptom severity. Together, these data identify S1PR3 as a regulator of stress resilience and reveal sphingolipid receptors as important substrates of relevance to stress-related psychiatric disorders.
Super-resolution microscopy reveals ultra-low CD19 expression on myeloma cells that triggers elimination by CD19 CAR-T
Authors: Nerreter Thomas , Letschert Sebastian , Götz Ralph , Doose Sören , Danhof Sophia , Einsele Hermann , Sauer Markus , Hudecek Michael
Published: July 2019

Immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T-cells (CAR-T) is under investigation in multiple myeloma. There are reports of myeloma remission after CD19 CAR-T therapy, although CD19 is hardly detectable on myeloma cells by flow cytometry (FC). We apply single molecule-sensitive direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM), and demonstrate CD19 expression on a fraction of myeloma cells (10.3–80%) in 10 out of 14 patients (density: 13–5,000 molecules per cell). In contrast, FC detects CD19 in only 2 of these 10 patients, on a smaller fraction of cells. Treatment with CD19 CAR-T in vitro results in elimination of CD19-positive myeloma cells, including those with <100 CD19 molecules per cell. Similar data are obtained by dSTORM analyses of CD20 expression on myeloma cells and CD20 CAR-T. These data establish a sensitivity threshold for CAR-T and illustrate how super-resolution microscopy can guide patient selection in immunotherapy to exploit ultra-low density antigens.
BRCA2 abrogation triggers innate immune responses potentiated by treatment with PARP inhibitors
Authors: Reisländer Timo , Lombardi Emilia Puig , Groelly Florian J. , Miar Ana , Porru Manuela , Di Vito Serena , Wright Benjamin , Lockstone Helen , Biroccio Annamaria , Harris Adrian , Londoño-Vallejo Arturo , Tarsounas Madalena
Published: July 2019

Heterozygous germline mutations in BRCA2 predispose to breast and ovarian cancer. Contrary to non-cancerous cells, where BRCA2 deletion causes cell cycle arrest or cell death, tumors carrying BRCA2 inactivation continue to proliferate. Here we set out to investigate adaptation to loss of BRCA2 focusing on genome-wide transcriptome alterations. Human cells in which BRCA2 expression is inhibited for 4 or 28 days are subjected to RNA-seq analyses revealing a biphasic response to BRCA2 abrogation. The early, acute response consists of downregulation of genes involved in cell cycle progression, DNA replication and repair and is associated with cell cycle arrest in G1. Surprisingly, the late, chronic response consists predominantly of upregulation of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Activation of the cGAS-STING-STAT pathway detected in these cells further substantiates the concept that BRCA2 abrogation triggers cell-intrinsic immune signaling. Importantly, we find that treatment with PARP inhibitors stimulates the interferon response in cells and tumors lacking BRCA2.
A broadband and strong visible-light-absorbing photosensitizer boosts hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wang Ping , Guo Song , Wang Hong-Juan , Chen Kai-Kai , Zhang Nan , Zhang Zhi-Ming , Lu Tong-Bu
Published: July 2019

Developing broadband and strong visible-light-absorbing photosensitizer is highly desired for dramatically improving the utilization of solar energy and boosting artificial photosynthesis. Herein, we develop a facile strategy to co-sensitize Ir-complex with Coumarins and boron dipyrromethene to explore photosensitizer with a broadband covering ca. 50% visible light region (Ir-4). This type of photosensitizer is firstly introduced into water splitting system, exhibiting significantly enhanced performance with over 21 times higher than that of typical Ir(ppy)2(bpy)+, and the turnover number towards Ir-4 reaches to 115840, representing the most active sensitizer among reported molecular photocatalytic systems. Experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that the Ir-mediation not only achieves a long-lived boron dipyrromethene-localized triplet state, but also makes an efficient excitation energy transfer from Coumarin to boron dipyrromethene to trigger the electron transfer. These findings provide an insight for developing broadband and strong visible-light-absorbing multicomponent arrays on molecular level for efficient artificial photosynthesis.
Chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed aminative dearomatization of α-naphthols/Michael addition sequence
Authors: Xia Zi-Lei , Zheng Chao , Xu Ren-Qi , You Shu-Li
Published: July 2019

Asymmetric dearomatization reactions have recently emerged as a powerful tool for the rapid build-up of the molecular complexity. Chiral three-dimensional polycyclic molecules bearing contiguous stereogenic centers can be synthesized from readily available planar aromatic feedstocks. Here we report that an intermolecular asymmetric dearomatization reaction ofα-naphthols bearing a tethered nucleophile at the C4 position of the naphthol ring is achieved by a chiral phosphoric acid. The reaction proceeds via a highly chemo- and regioselective aminative dearomatization/Michael addition sequence, affording a wide array of functionalized cyclic ketones in good yields (up to 93%) with excellent enantioselectivity (up to >99% ee). The catalyst loading can be reduced to 0.1 mol%. Preliminary mechanistic investigations identify that the enantioselectivity is established in the dearomatization step, while the Michael addition is the rate-limiting step. A working model accounting for the origin of the stereochemistry is proposed based on DFT calculations.
Pulse control protocols for preserving coherence in dipolar-coupled nuclear spin baths
Authors: Waeber A. M. , Gillard G. , Ragunathan G. , Hopkinson M. , Spencer P. , Ritchie D. A. , Skolnick M. S. , Chekhovich E. A.
Published: July 2019

Coherence of solid state spin qubits is limited by decoherence and random fluctuations in the spin bath environment. Here we develop spin bath control sequences which simultaneously suppress the fluctuations arising from intrabath interactions and inhomogeneity. Experiments on neutral self-assembled quantum dots yield up to a five-fold increase in coherence of a bare nuclear spin bath. Numerical simulations agree with experiments and reveal emergent thermodynamic behaviour where fluctuations are ultimately caused by irreversible conversion of coherence into many-body quantum entanglement. Simulations show that for homogeneous spin baths our sequences are efficient with non-ideal control pulses, while inhomogeneous bath coherence is inherently limited even under ideal-pulse control, especially for strongly correlated spin-9/2 baths. These results highlight the limitations of self-assembled quantum dots and advantages of strain-free dots, where our sequences can be used to control the fluctuations of a homogeneous nuclear spin bath and potentially improve electron spin qubit coherence.
The genome assembly of asparagus bean, Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedialis
Authors: Xia Qiuju , Pan Lei , Zhang Ru , Ni Xuemei , Wang Yangzi , Dong Xiao , Gao Yun , Zhang Zhe , Kui Ling , Li Yong , Wang Wen , Yang Huanming , Chen Chanyou , Miao Jianhua , Chen Wei , Dong Yang
Published: July 2019

Asparagus bean (Vigna. unguiculata ssp. sesquipedialis), known for its very long and tender green pods, is an important vegetable crop broadly grown in the developing Asian countries. In this study, we reported a 632.8 Mb assembly (549.81 Mb non-N size) of asparagus bean based on the whole genome shotgun sequencing strategy. We also generated a linkage map for asparagus bean, which helped anchor 94.42% of the scaffolds into 11 pseudo-chromosomes. A total of 42,609 protein-coding genes and 3,579 non-protein-coding genes were predicted from the assembly. Taken together, these genomic resources of asparagus bean will help develop a pan-genome of V. unguiculata and facilitate the investigation of economically valuable traits in this species, so that the cultivation of this plant would help combat the protein and energy malnutrition in the developing world.
Speckle modulation enables high-resolution wide-field human brain tumor margin detection and in vivo murine neuroimaging
Authors: Yecies Derek , Liba Orly , SoRelle Elliott D. , Dutta Rebecca , Yuan Edwin , Vogel Hannes , Grant Gerald A. , de la Zerda Adam
Published: July 2019

Currentin vivoneuroimaging techniques provide limited field of view or spatial resolution and often require exogenous contrast. These limitations prohibit detailed structural imaging across wide fields of view and hinder intraoperative tumor margin detection. Here we present a novel neuroimaging technique, speckle-modulating optical coherence tomography (SM-OCT), which allows us to image the brains of live mice andex vivohuman samples with unprecedented resolution and wide field of view using only endogenous contrast. The increased visibility provided by speckle elimination reveals white matter fascicles and cortical layer architecture in brains of live mice. To our knowledge, the data reported herein represents the highest resolution imaging of murine white matter structure achievedin vivoacross a wide field of view of several millimeters. When applied to an orthotopic murine glioblastoma xenograft model, SM-OCT readily identifies brain tumor margins with resolution of approximately 10 μm. SM-OCT ofex vivohuman temporal lobe tissue reveals fine structures including cortical layers and myelinated axons. Finally, when applied to anex vivosample of a low-grade glioma resection margin, SM-OCT is able to resolve the brain tumor margin. Based on these findings, SM-OCT represents a novel approach for intraoperative tumor margin detection andin vivoneuroimaging.
Telomere length in early childhood is associated with sex and ethnicity
Authors: Ly Kien , Walker Caroline , Berry Sarah , Snell Russell , Marks Emma , Thayer Zaneta , Atatoa-Carr Polly , Morton Susan
Published: July 2019

Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences at the end of chromosomes that function to protect chromosomes from degradation. Throughout the life course, telomere length decreases with age and is influenced by environmental factors and health conditions. This study aimed to determine the relative telomere lengths in a diverse cohort of about 4000 four-year-old children in New Zealand. Linear regression was used to investigate the relationship between telomere length, child gender, ethnicity, paternal age and deprivation. We observed substantial variation in telomere length according to sex and self-identified ethnicity. Telomere length was longer in females compared to males (coefficient of 0.042, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.024–0.060). European children had shorter telomere than both the indigenous Māori (coefficient of 0.03, CI 0.007–0.055) and Pacific children (coefficient of 0.15, CI 0.12–0.18). The data suggest that telomere lengths are highly variable and variability between individuals arise from early age, influenced partly by sex and ethnicity. Longer telomeres in indigenous Māori and Pacific children may reflect the heritability of telomere length in genetically less complex populations. This study increases our understanding of telomere dynamics in young children since the majority of telomere studies are conducted in adults.
A novel approach for geographical risk mapping of morbidity and mortality rates: the case of Val D’Agri, Italy
Authors: Duggento Andrea , Toschi Nicola , Pietroiusti Antonio , Musmeci Loredana , Buonomo Ersilia , Moramarco Stefania , Lucaroni Francesca , Boffetta Paolo , Palombi Leonardo
Published: July 2019

While associations between exposure to air pollutants and increased morbidity and mortality are well established, few rigorous studies on this issue are available. The aim of the current study is to implement a new approach to the spatial analysis of mortality and morbidity, based on testing for the presence of the same association in other areas of similar size. Additionally, we perform a case study in Val d’Agri (VA), an area of Basilicata Region, Southern Italy, where oil and natural gas extraction began in 1998. In order to examine the spatial distribution of morbidity and mortality in the region of interest, Hospital discharge (2001–2013) and mortality (2003–2014) rates for the main environment-related diseases were calculated. In addition, a comparison between the period 1980–1998 and the period 1999–2014 was performed for cardiovascular disease mortality. For the period under study, a neutral scenario emerged for cancer and respiratory diseases, where we found no differences in morbidity and mortality as compared to the national benchmark. In some cases significantly lower values (as compared to the nation-wide benchmark) were found. Conversely, a slight excess in morbidity and mortality (as compared to the nation-wide benchmark) emerged for cardiovascular diseases. Still, this excess was common to a number of municipalities in the surroundings of VA, and appeared to be already present in 1980. Higher rates of cardiovascular diseases, lower rates of neoplastic disorders no differences in mortality for respiratory causes (as compared to the nation-wide benchmark) were found in multiple areas of the region, and were therefore not specific to VA. In summary, our data do not support the hypothesis of a role of industrial activities related to oil extraction in VA in determining mortality and morbidity patterns and trends.