bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gastroprotective and microbiome-modulating effects of ubiquinol in rats with radiation-induced enteropathy
Authors: Eraqi Walaa A. , El-Sabbagh Walaa A. , Aziz Ramy K. , Elshahed Mostafa S. , Youssef Noha H. , Elkenawy Nora M.
Published: July 2024

Radiation enteritis is a frequently encountered issue for patients receiving radiotherapy and has a significant impact on cancer patients' quality of life. The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in intestinal function, yet the impact of irradiation on gut microorganisms is not fully understood. This study explores the gastroprotective effect and gut microbiome-modulating potential of ubiquinol (Ubq), the reduced form of the powerful antioxidant CoQ-10. For this purpose, male albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups: Control, IRR (acute 7 Gy γ-radiation), Ubq_Post (Ubq for 7 days post-irradiation), and Ubq_Pre/Post (Ubq for 7 days pre and 7 days post-irradiation). The fecal microbiomes of all groups were profiled by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing followed by bioinformatics and statistical analysis. Histopathological examination of intestinal tissue indicated severe damage in the irradiated group, which was mitigated by ubiquinol with enhanced regeneration, goblet cells, and intestinal alkaline phosphatase expression. Compared to the irradiated group, the Ubq-treated groups had a significant recovery of intestinal interleukin-1β, caspase-3, nitric oxide metabolites, and thio-barbituric reactive substances to near-healthy levels. Ubq_Pre/Post group displayed elevated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ) level, suggesting heightened benefits. Serum insulin reduction in irradiated rats improved post-Ubq treatment, with a possible anti-inflammatory effect on the pancreatic tissue. Fecal microbiota profiling revealed a dysbiosis state with a reduction of bacterial diversity post-irradiation, which was re-modulated in the Ubq treated groups to profiles that are indistinguishable from the control group. These findings underscore Ubq's gastroprotective effects against radiation-induced enteritis and its potential in restoring the gut microbiota’s diversity and balance.
Potential Role of Generative Adversarial Networks in Enhancing Brain Tumors
Authors: Muhammed Amr , Bakheet Rafaat A. , Kenawy Karam , Ahmed Ahmed M.A. , Abdelhamid Muhammed , Soliman Walaa Gamal
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE

Contrast enhancement is necessary for visualizing, diagnosing, and treating brain tumors. Through this study, we aimed to examine the potential role of general adversarial neural networks in generating artificial intelligence–based enhancement of tumors using a lightweight model.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A retrospective study was conducted on magnetic resonance imaging scans of patients diagnosed with brain tumors between 2020 and 2023. A generative adversarial neural network was built to generate images that would mimic the real contrast enhancement of these tumors. The performance of the neural network was evaluated quantitatively by VGG-16, ResNet, binary cross-entropy loss, mean absolute error, mean squared error, and structural similarity index measures. Regarding the qualitative evaluation, nine cases were randomly selected from the test set and were used to build a short satisfaction survey for experienced medical professionals.

RESULTS

One hundred twenty-nine patients with 156 scans were identified from the hospital database. The data were randomly split into a training set and validation set (90%) and a test set (10%). The VGG loss function for training, validation, and test sets were 2,049.8, 2,632.6, and 4,276.9, respectively. Additionally, the structural similarity index measured 0.366, 0.356, and 0.3192, respectively. At the time of submitting the article, 23 medical professionals responded to the survey. The median overall satisfaction score was 7 of 10.

CONCLUSION

Our network would open the door for using lightweight models in performing artificial contrast enhancement. Further research is necessary in this field to reach the point of clinical practicality.
Results of the Simultaneous Combination of Ponatinib and Blinatumomab in Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive ALL
Authors: Kantarjian Hagop , Short Nicholas J. , Haddad Fadi G. , Jain Nitin , Huang Xuelin , Montalban-Bravo Guillermo , Kanagal-Shamanna Rashmi , Kadia Tapan M. , Daver Naval , Chien Kelly , Alvarado Yesid , Garcia-Manero Guillermo , Issa Ghayas C. , Garris Rebecca , Nasnas Cedric , Nasr Lewis , Ravandi Farhad , Jabbour Elias
Published: July 2024

Clinical trials frequently include multiple end points that mature at different times. The initial report, typically based on the primary end point, may be published when key planned co-primary or secondary analyses are not yet available. Clinical Trial Updates provide an opportunity to disseminate additional results from studies, published in
JCO
or elsewhere, for which the primary end point has already been reported.

In this analysis, we update our experience with the chemotherapy-free regimen of blinatumomab and ponatinib in 60 patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive ALL. At a median follow-up of 24 months, the complete molecular response rate by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was 83% (67% at the end of course one), and the rate of measurable residual disease negativity by next-generation clono-sequencing was 98% (45% at the end of course one). Only two patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Seven patients relapsed: two with systemic disease, four with isolated CNS relapse, and one with extramedullary Ph-negative, CRLF2-positive pre-B ALL. The estimated 3-year overall survival rate was 91% and event-free survival rate was 77%. Three patients discontinued blinatumomab because of adverse events (related, n = 1; unrelated, n = 2) and nine discontinued ponatinib because of cerebrovascular ischemia, coronary artery stenosis, persistent rash, elevated liver function tests with drug-induced fatty liver, atrial thrombus, severe arterial occlusive disease of lower extremities, pleuro-pericardial effusion, and debilitation. In conclusion, the simultaneous combination of ponatinib and blinatumomab is a highly effective and relatively safe nonchemotherapy regimen. This regimen also reduces the need for intensive chemotherapy and HSCT in first remission in the majority of patients.
Black Mythologies: René Ménil, Negritude, and the Critique of Anticolonial Primitivism
Authors: Moody Alys
Published: July 2024

The negritude movement emerged from the Black intellectual milieu of Paris in the 1930s and became one of the defining anticolonial modes of the postwar years. It stands as an exemplary case of primitivism beyond its canonical European forms, performing a striking détournement of primitivism in the unlikely direction of anticolonial liberation. This article places the work of leading writers of negritude, including Aimé Césaire, Suzanne Césaire, and Léopold Senghor, into dialogue with their friend and critic René Ménil to unfold the political stakes of anticolonial primitivism. Ménil, a Martinican Communist who moved in the same Parisian milieu as the negritude writers, developed a sustained critique of negritude in the postwar years. This critique allows us to see that, in making primitivism a basis for liberation, negritude reconfigures many of the common assumptions of leftist thought at the time, including the rejection of a stagist account of history and the development of a revolutionary subject defined not by its oppressed position within the structures of modernity but by its location outside of them. By imagining the divide between modern and nonmodern as a fault line along which the anticolonial struggle will be fought, these thinkers develop an alternate vision of liberation whose legacy resonates in contemporary political debates.
Primitivism Now, Primitivism Again: Introduction
Authors: Etherington Ben , Spinner Samuel J.
Published: July 2024

This essay revisits critical issues in the scholarship on primitivism in the light of recent theoretical and historical developments. Particularly, it considers whether the expansion of primitivism studies to take in a range of contexts and cultures beyond the western European and North American ones with which it has so long been associated calls for new theorizations and historicizations. Along the way, it assesses why primitivism’s purview had previously been so narrow by tracing the development of scholarship associated with primitivism in modernist visual arts, and it weighs up the risks and opportunities in using the term to consider a broader spectrum of cultures and artistic media. It concludes that primitivism’s breadth reflects the magnitude of the crises that it has attempted to negate: a world facing multiple and overlapping extinction crises.
Decomposing the Drivers of Population Aging: A Research Note
Authors: Scott Tabitha , Canudas-Romo Vladimir
Published: July 2024

Population aging is an important and increasingly relevant area of study for demographers. A growing body of research seeks to determine how long-term changes in births, mortality, and migration—the three drivers of any demographic process—have shaped the present aging situation. Using variable-r decomposition and cohort data, this research note presents a formula for the change in the old-age dependency ratio to determine the extent to which relative changes in births, as well as in mortality and migration rates, contribute to aging. This perspective provides a careful and in-depth picture of aging and contributes to the debate concerning whether changes in births or mortality have had the strongest effect on population aging. When applied to Australia, the United States, and several European populations, the decomposition of the old-age dependency ratio shows that aging occurred in all populations and that changes in both births and mortality contributed to this aging. Analysis of these populations demonstrates that although they differed regarding which of these factors contributed more, changes in births prevailed as the more significant factor. In nearly all populations, migration decreased the rate of population aging.
Implicações do uso de grupos aleatórios no desenvolvimento de competências profissionais: o olhar de estudantes de administração
Authors: Bispo Ana Carolina Kruta de Araújo , Gabriel da Costa Silva Murilo , Coelho Ana Lúcia de Araújo Lima , Lira Gabrielle Ponciano , Santos Jobson Rios dos
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: Este estudo busca compreender como as atividades desenvolvidas com estudantes em sala de aula no ensino superior, utilizando a formação de grupos aleatórios, colaboram para o desenvolvimento de competências profissionais.
Escopo: A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, desenvolveu-se em uma disciplina da graduação em Administração de uma universidade pública. As atividades em sala foram aplicadas com os grupos aleatórios e os dados foram coletados em duas etapas: análise de relatos reflexivos e entrevistas com alunos que participaram da experiência. A pesquisa destaca-se ao investigar uma prática pedagógica que pode ser explorada de maneira inovadora, oferecendo uma estrutura prática para a formação de grupos aleatórios e que pode ser adotada por diversas instituições de ensino superior.
Originalidade: Os resultados revelaram que os grupos aleatórios favorecem o networking e promovem o desenvolvimento de liderança, autonomia e comprometimento. Além disso, o trabalho em equipe simula a realidade organizacional, demandando competências como gestão do tempo e relacionamento interpessoal.
Relevância: O estudo contribui para a estruturação do processo de formação de grupos aleatórios como estratégia de ensino, detalhando sua operacionalização e as especificidades a serem consideradas na aplicação.
Aprendizagem baseada em grupos: uma aplicação no curso de graduação em economia da Escola de Economia de São Paulo da Fundação Getulio Vargas
Authors: Tavares Priscilla , Pereira Lobo Thiago
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: Detalhar a implementação e descrever os resultados de uma iniciativa de ensino que combina a aplicação de instrumentos de avaliação (testes individuais e em grupo) e a análise de um problema concreto (estudo de caso em equipes) como estratégias para o aprendizado significativo de um tópico selecionado de uma disciplina.
Escopo: O artigo descreve a aplicação de um piloto da metodologia de aprendizagem baseada em grupos (TBL) na disciplina Matemática Financeira para estudantes ingressantes do curso de graduação da Escola de Economia de São Paulo (FGV EESP).
Originalidade: O relato descreve os desafios operacionais e os potenciais impactos dessa metodologia, em termos de engajamento e aprendizado dos alunos.
Relevância: O artigo apresenta os procedimentos e os aspectos operacionais envolvidos na elaboração dos instrumentos e dos estudos de caso, servindo como um guia para a implementação do TBL em outros cursos.
Τεχνικές καθολικής βελτιστοποίησης
Authors: Χαριλόγης Βασίλειος
Published: July 2024

Αντικείμενο της παρούσας διατριβής είναι οι τεχνικές καθολικής βελτιστοποίησης. Η εύρεση βέλτιστων λύσεων έχει ευρεία εφαρμογή σε πολλούς τομείς, όπως η ιατρική, η βιομηχανία, οι επιχειρήσεις, τα δίκτυα, τα νευρωνικά μοντέλα κτλ. Στην παρούσα διατριβή, η ανάλυση επικεντρώνεται στην εύρεση βέλτιστων λύσεων σε μαθηματικά μοντέλα, γνωστά ως αντικειμενικές συναρτήσεις ή test function ή benchmark functions. Σε πολλές στοχαστικές μεθόδους, γίνεται ανάλυση και αξιοποίηση διαφορετικών αρχικών κατανομών και κανόνων τερματισμού, με στόχο την ανάδειξη της βέλτιστης απόδοσης για οποιονδήποτε συνδυασμό. Γίνεται ανάλυση σε παράλληλες τεχνικές βελτιστοποίησης όπου εκμεταλλεύονται την ταυτόχρονη εκτέλεση πολλαπλών αλγορίθμων για ταχύτερη εύρεση λύσεων, χρησιμοποιώντας μηχανισμούς διάδοσης όπως συγχρονισμένη ή ασύγχρονη επικοινωνία και κοινή μνήμη. Συνδυάζοντας αυτές τις προσεγγίσεις, επιτυγχάνεται μεγαλύτερη αποδοτικότητα και βελτιστοποίηση των αποτελεσμάτων σε σύνθετα προβλήματα χωρίς την κατασπατάληση της υπολογιστικής ισχύς και συνεπώς μείωση στον χρόνο εύρεσης των λύσεων.
Factors Influencing Climate-Smart Agriculture Practices Adoption and Crop Productivity among Smallholder Farmers in Nyimba District, Zambia
Authors: Petros Chavula , Feyissa Samuel , Sileshi Million , Shepande Chizumba
Published: July 2024

Background The profound impacts of climate change on the environment, economy, and society are anticipated to significantly influence smallholder farmers, whose livelihoods and traditional ways of life are inextricably intertwined with the natural environment. This comprehensive study delves into the multifaceted factors shaping the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices and their subsequent effects on crop productivity among the small-scale farming communities in Nyimba District, situated within Zambia. Methods The study collected data from 194 smallholder farmer households across 12 villages in 4 agricultural camps of Nyimba District between June and July 2022. A logistic regression model was utilized to assess the factors influencing crop production and the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices in response to climate change and variability within the study area. Furthermore, propensity score matching was performed to evaluate the impacts of adopting climate-smart agriculture by comparing adopter households with their non-adopter counterparts. Results The logit regression model’s findings from the research indicate that several factors influence smallholder farmer households’ adoption of climate-smart agricultural techniques and crop productivity. These factors include the farmer’s educational level, household size, fertilizer utilization, the household head’s age and gender, farming experience duration, livestock ownership status, annual household income, farmland size, the household head’s marital status, and access to climate-related information. Additionally, the propensity score matching analysis revealed that crop yields among smallholder farmers who adopted climate-smart agricultural practices were 20.20% higher compared to non-adopters. Furthermore, the analysis showed that implementing such practices in the study area led to a 21.50% increase in maize yields for adopter households relative to their non-adopter counterparts. Conclusion The findings of this research offer valuable insights to policymakers, guiding them in enhancing farmers’ climate change adaptation strategies and formulating relevant policies. Nevertheless, these initiatives and concerted efforts possess the potential to mitigate the detrimental impacts posed by climate change and climatic variability. This manuscript is an extract from my master of science degree in climate-smart agriculture from Haramaya University titled ‘Climate-Smart Practices: Effects of Agroforestry and Conservation Agriculture on Selected Physicochemical Properties of Soils and Crop Productivity among Smallholder Farmers, in Nyimba, Zambia.’ Please refer to this link; http://ir.haramaya.edu.et/hru/bitstream/handle/123456789/6402/PETROS%20CHAVULA.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1
Championing health systems management with digital innovation and applications in the age of artificial intelligence: protocol for a research program
Authors: Bellei Ericles Andrei , De Marchi Ana Carolina Bertoletti
Published: July 2024

Health systems are experiencing increasing pressures worldwide due to heightened service demands, demographic aging, stringent regulations, and economic constraints, making efficiency and efficacy in health management critical aspects. At the heart of this complexity, health managers seek to optimize resources and improve care delivery at a time when the adoption of digital technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), becomes increasingly imperative. This necessity reflects not only the pursuit of innovation but also the urgency to adapt to an ever-evolving environment. However, the effective characterization, availability, and incorporation of these technologies as support tools still represent an emerging challenge that is insufficiently explored in the literature. In response, this project proposes the development of a framework of theoretical and practical guidelines for the implementation and management of digital tools in health systems in the age of AI. Adopting a mixed-methods approach that includes systematic review, analyses of commercial off-the-shelf solutions, and qualitative studies with health managers and practitioners, the aim is to map current technology use, identify gaps and best practices, and provide a guide for future direction. This project also intends to develop in co-creation with professionals in the field to ensure the relevance and practical applicability of the developed guidelines. The results are expected to not only contribute to the scientific literature but also offer an evidence-based guide to optimizing the use of digital technologies in health management, promoting a significant transformation in the development and adoption of innovative digital solutions.
EVICTIONISM AND PRIVATE PROPERTY RIGHTS
Authors: Block Walter
Published: July 2024

Evictionism is a compromise position between the pro-life and pro-choice positions on abortion. The former prohibits killing or removing the fetus from the womb apart from the mother’s health considerations at any time during the pregnancy; the latter allows for both. Evictionism splits this particular “baby in half” by legally permitting the ejection of the pre-born baby at the mother’s discretion, but not killing this very young person. Given present medical technology, the fetus is viable in the third trimester, very rarely before that. Thus, evictionism resembles to the pro-life result at this stage of development of the fetus, in that the mother has the reject to eject or evict the fetus from her body, and the latter is viable outside of the womb. However, in the first two trimesters, the results of evictionism and the pro-choice position overlap: when evicted, the fetus will not survive. However, as medical technology improves, and the pre-born baby is viable outside of the womb earlier and earlier, evictionism will more and more come to resemble the pro-life position. However, evictionism will always, at any level of technology, remain separate from these two other more extremist positions. Evictionism is thus the moderate position between these two extreme perspectives. Block in a series of publications supports evictionism; Wisniewski rejects this theory. Grisillo castigates both for elements of their debate concerning improvement and the use of analogies. The present paper is a critique of this latter paper.
ARMENIA’S ENVIRONMENTAL DIPLOMACY: UTILIZING INSTITUTIONAL PRECONDITIONS
Authors: Manasserian Tatoul
Published: July 2024

Environmental security does not recognize political borders. Despite the will of the neighboring countries, common environmental threats exist and require careful assessment and joint efforts to reduce and eliminate them. During many natural and techno gene disasters, as well as pandemics and other trends, as indicated in the works of many international experts, countries face similar challenges. As can be noticed from recent developments, common environmental threats often compel us to deal even with parties involved in armed conflicts. The significance of discussing risks and ways of unofficially reducing them is emphasized, along with the need to invite impartial professionals in environmental security with a calm demeanor on both sides. It is also significant to count on issues of common interest in which technical cooperation is possible with the help of international structures and flexible approaches, as well as a technically well-structured agenda for the environment followed by monitoring political events to shape dialogue in a relevant and developmental context. In addition, financing cross-border cooperation needs external support.
The specifics of the process of formation of lexical skills in teaching English at universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Authors: Akvit Viktoria , Bashlueva Natalya , Smirnova Lada
Published: July 2024

During the formation of lexical skills in universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, teachers often face the following difficulties: incomplete compliance of the content of existing textbooks and teaching aids with modern requirements for the process of teaching English; limited study time in the educational process; lack of appropriate practice during training in a non-linguistic higher educational institution; different levels of English proficiency among the cadets. It is obvious that specialists in the field of jurisprudence will not speak English at the level of a native speaker, but it is worth clarifying that they do not face such a task. It is important for them to know professionally oriented vocabulary, to be able to use it both orally and in writing. Therefore, we are talking about teaching English for special purposes. The purpose of the study is a theoretical substantiation of the peculiarities of the process of formation of lexical skills in the process of learning English in universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The subject of the study is the peculiarities of the formation of lexical skills in English in universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The practical significance of the research consists of materials that can be used in classes on the methodology of teaching a foreign (English) language in higher educational institutions of legal orientation, including in educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
On the methods, structure and organization of school teaching of foreign languages ​​for the purpose of their further practical application
Authors: Bashlueva Natalya
Published: July 2024

The article deals with the methods, structure and organization of school teaching of foreign languages with a view to their further practical application. In fact, teaching foreign languages is a unified system consisting of two types of communication. This includes both oral and written speech. The mastery of oral language communication consists of the following components: a) storing in memory a set of samples of sound language signs of all orders (mainly syntagmas, sentences and messages, but also individual words) necessary for communication in this area, b) mastering the skills of instant sign formation (formation of new syntagmas, sentences and messages) according to productive structures and semi-manufactured signs, subconsciously isolated from language material stored in memory and encountered in communication, i.e. ultimately by analogy with other language signs; c) mastery of the skills of correct physical reproduction of signs (i.e. pronunciation); d) mastery of the skills of listening (decoding) signs using the material accumulated in memory (listening). Since the methods and content of training significantly depend on the type of communication activity being mastered, the ways of implementing program tasks in different types should be considered separately. there is no "perfection" in mastering oral speech at all, not only in relation to a foreign language, but also in relation to the native language, and that we can only talk about full participation in a chosen field of linguistic communication and the ability to exchange information in a certain range of common topics with any member of the language team, for which it is necessary to master a very certain minimum of those the signs and skills mentioned above. The degree of proficiency in oral speech is such a specific thing that it can even be expressed by a numerical coefficient (if a numerical criterion for the correctness of speaking is found).
Borderline mental states of employees of the penitentiary system: diagnosis and correction
Authors: Koval'chuk Il'ya , Chumanov Yuriy
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes the borderline mental states of employees, presents the results of a correlation analysis, describes the personality traits of an employee and the factors leading to a borderline psychological state. The goal is to study the problem of the manifestation of borderline states of the employees of the penitentiary system, as well as to identify their personal characteristics, to develop diagnostics and correction. An empirical study of borderline mental states of penitentiary officers was carried out on the basis of FKU IK-7 of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Penza region. The study involved 50 employees. As a result of theoretical and methodological analysis, we found that the development of borderline conditions among penitentiary officers is associated with social and psychological problems.
Based on the empirical study, three groups of employees were identified depending on the severity of the psychological characteristics of borderline mental states: employees with pronounced psychological characteristics of borderline mental states, employees with an average level of severity of signs of borderline mental states, employees with a low level of severity of signs of borderline mental states .n accordance with this, borderline mental states in penitentiary officers manifest themselves in the form of pronounced neuroticism and psychopathization, as well as overcontrol, anxiety, depression and suspicion.
Focusing on the positive results obtained after testing a psycho-correctional program aimed at reducing the severity of negative features of the manifestation of borderline mental states among penitentiary officers, recommendations were formed on the organization of correction and prevention of borderline mental states among penitentiary officers.
Models for conducting tests for joint activities during the production of the CSPPE in legal disputes between parents regarding the upbringing of a child
Authors: Savina Ol'ga , Kulakov Sergey , Sikacheva Svetlana , Safuanov Farit
Published: July 2024

The article discusses the features of conducting a test for the joint activities of children and parents in the production of a comprehensive forensic psychological and psychiatric examination (KSPPE) on legal disputes between parents about the upbringing of children. The purpose of the work is to form, based on a psychological analysis of expert practice (50 cases) of the «V.Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology» of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation scientifically based unified principles and algorithms for conducting this experimental technique, depending on the individual specifics of the examined contingent. The main methodological approaches and methodological techniques of this procedure, its diagnostic capabilities in comparison with other tools of a psychologist in this subject form of KSPPE are highlighted. Three typical models of the implementation of a joint activity test are presented – by all subexperts simultaneously, in adult-child dyads and sequentially. The reasons for choosing a standard model, the procedure and the advantages of each of the options are highlighted. The article formulates recommendations for conducting a joint activity test for medical psychologists working in expert institutions, taking into account the specifics of the KSPPE on legal disputes between parents about the upbringing of a child and the requirements of the expert process.
Losy najstarszych podlaskich ksiąg miejskich z okresu dawnej Rzeczypospolitej
Authors: Buczyło Andrzej
Published: July 2024

This article presents the fate of the oldest Podlasie town books. After the partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Podlasie voivodeship was divided into two parts, and this division had an impact on the institutions where the town books ended up. Books from the area of the Kingdom of Poland (“Congress Kingdom”) were first kept in local archives and then transferred to the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw. Books from the area of the Russian partition were transported to Vilnius, and during the First World War some were sent deep into Russia, and some were transferred to the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw in the 1920s. Almost all the town books from Podlasie were destroyed when this archive was burnt down in 1944.
Perbandingan Hasil Klasifikasi Tutupan Lahan Menggunakan Metode Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), dan Random Forest (RF) dengan Bahasa Pemrograman R
Authors: Putri Klarissa Ardilia , Handayani Hepi Hapsari
Published: July 2024

Teknologi penginderaan jauh telah mengalami perkembangan yang pesat terutama dalam metode klasifikasi citra. Klasifikasi citra merupakan kegiatan yang dilakukan untuk mendeteksi dan mengidentifikasi objek di permukaan bumi pada citra satelit. Saat ini telah dikembangkan berbagai metode klasifikasi citra satelit, salah satunya adalah metode klasifikasi berbasis parameter, seperti MLC (Maximum Likelihood). Namun, metode ini tidak dapat dilakukan di lingkungan dengan fitur objek yang kompleks (seperti di daerah perkotaan atau daerah yang dibangun dengan padat). Hal ini dikarenakan metode klasifikasi berdasarkan parameter yang dibutuhkan dari dataset tidak berdistribusi normal. Oleh karena itu, dikembangkan metode klasifikasi berbasis non-parametrik yang tidak bergantung pada sifat sebaran data, sehingga tidak diperlukan parameter statistik untuk memisahkan banyak kelas pada citra dan digunakan untuk menganalisis citra satelit dengan lahan padat dan kompleks. fitur penutup. Melalui penelitian ini dilakukan analisis komparatif klasifikasi tutupan lahan menggunakan metode klasifikasi berbasis non parametrik dengan pendekatan Machine Learning (Artificial Neural Network, Support Vector Machine, dan Random Forest) untuk wilayah Kota Surabaya menggunakan Landsat-8 data citra satelit, untuk mengetahui hasil klasifikasi kinerja yang dihasilkan dari ketiga metode tersebut. Klasifikasi tutupan lahan yang diterapkan pada penelitian ini terdiri dari empat kelas yaitu, badan air, lahan terbuka, lahan terbangun, dan vegetasi. Adapun komposisi training point  yang digunakan adalah 80:20, dimana 80% titik sebagai titik sample dan 20% sebagai titik validasi. Dan jumlah seluruh training point adalah 237 titik.  Hasil klasifikasi tutupan lahan pada penelitian ini kemudian dilakukan uji akurasi secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Berdasarkan uji akurasi secara kuantitatif metode Random Forest menunjukkan hasil yang paling baik dengan nilai overal accuracy 93,33%  dan kappa accuracy sebesar 91,07%.
Analisis Pembuatan Kontur Peta Rupa Bumi Indonesia dengan Wahana LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) (Studi Kasus: Penajam, Kalimantan Timur)
Authors: Hidayat Husnul , Sudarsono Prabu Al Kautsar
Published: July 2024

Data ketinggian Digital Elevation Model (DEM) terdiri atas Digital Surface Model (DSM) dan Digital Terrain Model (DTM). DSM adalah informasi yang menggambarkan model permukaan bumi beserta seluruh objek yang berada di atasnya. Sedangkan DTM menggambarkan model permukaan bumi tanpa objek yang berada di atasnya di wilayah darat. DTM dibentuk dari kelas ground dan dilakukan hydro-flattening yaitu dengan meratakan area permukaan air. dengan kata lain, DTM merupakan kumpulan titik data sampel yang terus mewakili distribusi spasial dari berbagai jenis informasi di medan. Contoh sumber data yang dapat dugunakan dalam pembuatan DTM adalah data LiDAR. DTM kemudian dapat digunakan dalam pembuatan kontur peta. Ketelitian kontur pada peta RBI diatur dalam Peraturan Kepala Badan Informasi Geospasial No. 6 tahun 2018 serta Peraturan Kepala Badan Informasi Geospasial No. 1 Tahun 2020. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu data LiDAR. Pengolahan data tersebut menggunakan metode yaitu Slope Based Filtering (SBF). Setelah dilakukan proses pengolahan data pada data LiDAR kemudian didapatkan hasil berupa kontur. Dimana Kemudian setelah terbentuk kontur dari masing-masing data, dilakukan pengujian ketelitian berdasarkan PERKA BIG No. 6 Tahun 2018 dan PERKA BIG No. 1 Tahun 2020. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu uji LE90 pengolahan data LiDAR sebesar 0.523 m. Berdasarkan Perka BIG No. 6 Tahun 2018 dan PERKA BIG No. 1 Tahun 2020 pada ketelitian peta skala 1:5000, hasil pengolahan data LiDAR masuk kelas 1. Berdasarkan hasil kontur yang dihasilkan, Kontur hasil dari LiDAR memiliki kerapatan yang terbilang baik. Hal ini dikarenakan pada hasil dari LiDAR memiliki nilai RMS Error yang rendah.
The intersection of aesthetic medicine and psychology: navigating complex clinical terrain
Authors: Cairns Kimberley , Sines David
Published: July 2024

In a special feature by the Joint Council of Cosmetic Practitioners (JCCP), Kimberley Cairns, a JCCP trustee and psycho-aesthetic consultant, explores the intricate connection between aesthetic medicine and psychology AdobeStock/Marta Sher
Keşif ve Gerekçelendirme Bağlamı Ayrımı Temelinde Feminist Epistemoloji
Authors: Çevik Dinçer
Published: July 2024

Bilimsel süreçlerin analizi ile ilgili olan ve genellikle Hans Reicbenbach ile anılan keşif ve gerekçelendirme bağlamı ayrımı son dönemde yeniden önemli tartışma başlıklarından birisi olmuştur. Söz konusu ilgi, bir yönüyle feminist epistemoloji kapsamında ele alınan meseleler ile de bağlantılıdır. Keşif ve gerekçelendirme bağlamı ile feminist epistemoloji arasındaki bağlantı noktalarının analizi her iki başlıkta anılan pek çok önerme ve argümanın değerlendirilebilmesi için önemli olanaklar sunmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda giriş kısmından sonra, makalenin ilk bölümünde Hans Reichenbach’ın keşif-gerekçelendirme bağlamı ayrımı tarihsel bir yaklaşımla, farklı yorumlarıyla birlikte analiz edilecektir. Ardından bahsi geçen ayrımın feminist epistemolojiye karşı olan argümanlarda, özellikle ilgili ayrım bağlamında feminist epistemolojiyi eleştiren isimlerden birisi olan Noretta Koertge tarafından nasıl kullanıldığına değinilecektir. Sonrasında, Katheleen Okruhlik ve Paul Hoyningen Huene’nin keşif-gerekçelendirme bağlamı ayrımını ele alışındaki benzerlikler gösterilerek Koertge’nin feminist epistemolojiye karşı çıktığı argümandaki problemler analiz edilecektir. Makale bu anlamda feminist epistemolojinin ve feminist bilim felsefesinin keşif-gerekçelendirme bağlamı ayrımı ile zorunlu olarak uyuşmazlık içinde olmadığı ve bilim pratiği için halen referans noktalarından birisi olabileceği iddiası üzerine kuruludur.
Emphasising Self-Directed Learning in VET-Schools: Teachers' Convictions and Role Negotiations
Authors: Keller Anna , Raemy Patric
Published: July 2024

Context: Accompanying learners in their increasingly self-directed learning is an important goal in the field of vocational education and training. With digitalisation, the traditional role of the teacher, characterized in terms of an arbiter and transmitter of knowledge, is in crisis. Besides teachers' task in instruction, other role aspects are coming to the fore, such as supporting learners in their self-directed learning. Words such as coach, mentor, and learning facilitator emphasize mentoring as a key component of the teacher’s role, but these are challenging to implement in practice. 
Method: The study used in-depth interviews with 10 vocational teachers who emphasise self-directed learning in their lessons. Based on Schütze's narrative analysis method, the narratives revealed how the teachers described typical experiences in relation to their role conception and their role action. 
Findings: For the conception and role implementation of coaching roles, the teachers' convictions of what constitutes good learning and teaching were decisive. Training in teacher-training colleges seems to broaden and shift the understanding of teaching and learning processes and progressive roles. Teachers often experience that learners spontaneously reject their progressive roles, with learners appearing to prefer traditional teaching and role design. Although their new roles are not yet fully manifested and normalised in their teaching practice, teachers need to repeatedly legitimize the benefits of their role implementation to different stakeholders. Furthermore, difficulties arise in the practical implementation of the roles, since how to act as a teacher in various instructional sequences that emphasise self-directed learning often seems ambiguous. 
Conclusion: The teacher's role is in flux, and with changing expectations come challenges in understanding and fulfilling their role. The study results show typical experiences and negotiations of vocational teachers who emphasise self-directed learning in their lessons. The themes derived from the vocational teachers’ narrations shed important insights into role negotiation, and the findings may offer direction in how to support and guide teachers in their role implementation.
High Nature Value Forests in Ireland: A Typology
Authors: Ruas Sara , Finn John A. , Moran James , Doyle Marie , Carlier Julien , Ó hUallacháin Daire
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT: High Nature Value (HNV) forests support biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services. In recognition of this role, a framework for defining and identifying HNV forest in Ireland has recently been developed and applied to Irish National Forest Inventory (NFI) forest plots. This study aimed to identify different types of HNV forest, using available variables collated by the NFI for the same plots identified as HNV forest. A multiple factor analysis and cluster analyses was performed. A spatial analysis exercise was conducted to quantify the number of HNV forest plots that overlap with designated/protected areas in Ireland. Three primary types and four subtypes of HNV forest were identified. Tree species richness, fern species richness and planting year, woodland subtype, woodland habitat type and nativeness of tree species were the most important variables explaining the difference among the three main forest types identified. Areas with distinct ecological characteristics can fall within the same HNV score range and only a small variation in naturalness is seen among HNV forest types. Results show that less than 50% of NFI HNV forest plots overlapped with designated areas/protected habitats. Results of this work can be an important step for the design of targeted conservation policies.
(Re)thinking Repairs in the Longue Durée
Authors: Bernasconi Gianenrico , Carnino Guillaume , Hilaire-Pérez Liliane , Raveux Olivier
Published: July 2024

abstract: The history of repairs underscores the complexity of time through the practices of reusing and adapting objects. While this research field primarily focuses on the contemporary period, its close ties to present-day life risk obscuring the historical depth of these practices and the stakes they hold in various societies. How can we incorporate a truly historical perspective into our understanding of repairs? This article, a product of collective reflection, aims to broaden the analysis of repairs by embracing the concept of longue durée , a term coined by Fernand Braudel to describe an extensive span of historical time. Rather than striving to construct a grand narrative, this article addresses the challenge of acknowledging the diverse contexts and the discrepancies in how individuals interact with the lifespan of materials, artifacts, and their functionalities.
Manipulating arbitrarily shaped Mathieu bottle beams based on geometric factor design
Authors: Xu Dongye , Yao Yuan , Lu Zehui , Guo Meng , Duan Shaoxiang , Zhang Xu , Lin Wei , Zhang Hao , Liu Bo
Published: July 2024

We demonstrate arbitrarily shaped Mathieu bottle beams (MBBs) based on geometric factor design. By elaborately selecting elliptical trajectory parameters and corresponding orders, the MBBs can be tailored to diverse longitudinal and transversal shapes simultaneously. The proposed method breaks through the limitation that the components of conventional bottle beams can only self-accelerate along paraxial paths with fixed shapes. Moreover, at both ends the MBBs exhibit ideally symmetric as well as abrupt autofocusing properties. The work presented in this paper would be of significance for the generation of optical bottle beams that are anticipated to find applications in optical manipulation and communication.
Gold saturable metasurface for building a wavelength-tunable optical spiking neuron
Authors: Gui Lili , Lin Fengbin , Wei Yi , Lu Zeying , Zhang Zhongshan , Sun Xiaojuan , Lan Yueheng , Xu Kun
Published: July 2024

Plasmonic resonant metasurfaces have found many applications in nonlinear optics, such as harmonic generation, all-optical modulation, saturable absorption, etc. A saturable absorber, as a key device for pulsing emission, plays an important role in building passively Q-switched or mode-locked fiber lasers. Recently, excitable fiber lasers have attracted much attention in the area of neuromorphic photonics. In this work, a plasmonic metasurface consisting of periodic gold nanorods resonant near 1550 nm is designed and fabricated, which exhibits saturable absorption with a modulation depth of about 2.6%. The saturable metasurface is, for the first time, utilized in an excitable erbium-doped polarization-maintaining fiber laser, acting as a crucial nonlinear term for the dynamics of the optical spiking neuron. Compared to biological neurons, the artificial optical neuron possesses shorter a refractory period, faster pulse encoding capability, and changeable firing rate as a function of cavity length (up to 20 kHz in our experiment). In addition, the optical neuron is tunable in emission wavelength within the range from 1526.3 nm to 1568.2 nm, beneficial to wavelength-division multiplexing in photonic neural networks. The trial of the nonlinear plasmonic metasurface for an excitable laser could inspire new perspectives in constructing optical neurons and extend applications of metasurfaces from conventional nonlinear optics to neuromorphic computing.
Using orbital angular momentum for temperature and force sensing in an optical fiber
Authors: Wootten Katelynn , Zohrabi Mo , Wang Yifan , Siemens Mark E. , Gopinath Juliet T.
Published: July 2024

We demonstrate an optical fiber sensor that uses the orbital angular momentum of light in a polarization maintaining fiber to act as a temperature and force sensor. The polarization of the input light is shown to greatly affect the sensitivity of the sensor. In addition, we show how our sensor can be used to resolve the direction and magnitude of a force applied to a fiber.
Mode-folded thin-film lithium niobate phase shifter for channel scalable optical interconnect with high switching efficiency
Authors: Wang Xinyi , Du Jiangbing , Liu Jiacheng , Xu Ke , He Zuyuan
Published: July 2024

Paralleled optical interconnection has been widely used in optical transceivers. Reconfigurable photonic integration with scalable channel numbers is thus highly useful in timely adjusting the link capacity to the changing traffic patterns in data centers or high-performance computing (HPC) systems. In this paper, a 1×8 Mach–Zehnder switch (MZS) over thin-film lithium niobate is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for 1-to-8 channel scalable optical interconnects, with high switching efficiency through utilizing the mode-folded phase shifter. The three-mode phase shifter recirculates the light three times, undergoing phase changing with different waveguide modes. Simultaneously, the multimode waveguiding within the phase shifter results in a pronounced enhancement of the optical field confinement, further improving the Pockels effect for all modes. A 3.5-time improvement of the switching efficiency is experimentally demonstrated, exhibiting a low Vπ·L of 0.6 V⋅cm. The proposed MZS also features low channel crosstalk (below -20 dB over 1530-1565 nm) and nanosecond-order switching time, paving the way towards channel scalable and versatile MSA-compatible optical interconnect.
3- W, 3.8 µm self-optical parametric oscillator by pulsed pumping based on Nd:MgO:PPLN crystal
Authors: Zhao Rui , Wu Shuang , Liu Hang , Wang Zijian , Wang Chao , Yu Yongji , Jin Guangyong
Published: July 2024

We present a 3.8 µm self-optical parametric oscillator (SOPO) pumped by a pulsed laser diode (LD) based on only one Nd:MgO:PPLN crystal. The problem of heat accumulation in Nd:MgO:PPLN crystals caused by high-power laser pumping is significantly optimized. The generation of non-matching polarized fundamental light is suppressed, ensuring the output of π-polarized (π-pol) 1084 nm fundamental light across the entire pumping range, and satisfying the polarization matching condition. The mid-infrared SOPO system based on this method is not only compact in structure, and stable in central wavelength, but also improves the self-conversion efficiency. Moreover, a maximum output power of 3.04 W is obtained at 3814 nm in pulse pumping mode, which represents the highest output power in 3.8 µm SOPOs. The corresponding repetition frequency is 25.11 kHz and the single pulse width is 11.45 ns.
Bessel beam propagation using radial beam propagation method at different propagation scales
Authors: Elsharkawi Adel S. A. , Tsai I-Chen , Lin Xiang-Ting , Chang Chia-Yuan , Lo Yu-Lung
Published: July 2024

This paper is devoted to studying the Bessel beam propagation in cylindrical coordinates using the Hankel transform beam propagation method (HT-BPM) and their behavior in different scenarios in the microscale and meter scale of propagation distances. The study compares the results obtained from the HT-BPM with another fast Fourier transform beam propagation method (FFT-BPM) to validate the accuracy and effectiveness of the HT-BPM in modeling Bessel beam propagation. The axial intensity of Bessel beam propagation is analyzed using the HT-BPM. The simulation results obtained from the HT-BPM are compared with those from the FFT-BPM to evaluate the agreement and consistency between the two methods in predicting the axial intensity of Bessel beam propagation. The results show that the HT-BPM is numerically faster than the FFT-BPM by ten times for different sampling points, furthermore, the FFT-BPM accuracy for evaluating the Bessel beam spot radius is 89.9% of the analytical value, while the HT-BPM is 99% relative to analytical value. The prediction of the axial intensity of the Bessel beam has been tested at different types of phase functions and different propagation distances: micrometer, centimeter, and meter scales. The results of the HT-BPM are matched with the analytical and experimental values. Finally, the HT-BPM is tested when the input light source takes different profiles.