bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La reseña de formación: propuesta de modelo analítico
Authors:   Instituto IES Ibarrekolanda, España, Romero González Alba Naroa , Álvarez Álvarez Manuela de las Nieves ,   Universidad de Deusto, España
Published: November 2021

Este artículo se centra en un género poco atendido, como es la reseña académica de formación, con el objetivo de analizar su configuración retórico-lingüística siguiendo el planteamiento de tradición swalesiana de análisis de género. En este marco, se realiza un estudio empírico de corte mixto que analiza un corpus de 96 reseñas producidas en español por la población de estudiantes universitarios de un programa de formación completo como es el grado en Lenguas Modernas (Universidad de Deusto). En este corpus producido a efectos de la investigación, se identifican y analizan los propósitos comunicativos de las reseñas (movimientos retóricos) y los objetivos comunicativos de menor rango que completan esos propósitos (pasos y subpasos). A partir de este análisis, se crea y se valida un modelo analítico que se articula en dos movimientos retóricos (describir y valorar) para las reseñas académicas de formación. Este modelo se presenta como una herramienta útil para valorar la progresión de los estudiantes en la selección y organización de la información y en el desarrollo de la descripción y la argumentación.
Simplification in subtitling filmic Beijing Opera
Authors:   Zhejiang International Studies University, China, Yuan Yilei , Qian Duoxiu ,   Beihang University, China
Published: November 2021

In recent years, opera translation and surtitling has become a field of growing popularity in translation studies. While current research often revolves around opera in the western countries or opera translation for the stage, this paper aims to explore the translation of Beijing Opera in films. The discussion will draw upon literature on opera translation and surtitles while examining Beijing Opera. With reference to Raise the Red Lantern (1991), directed by Zhang Yimou, an internationally acclaimed filmmaker, this paper will focus on the rendition of Beijing Opera and propose subtitles for an opera sequence in the film. The major finding is that it is possible to convey the general meaning of the lyrics of Beijing Opera through simplification, i.e. culturally-bound references could be simplified for better understanding. This is an addition to the existing research on translation from other languages into English and will have implications for future practices in this domain.
Neurological pathophysiology of SARS‐CoV‐2 and pandemic potential RNA viruses: a comparative analysis
Authors: Chakravarty Nikhil , Senthilnathan Thrisha , Paiola Sophia , Gyani Priya , Castillo Cario Sebastian , Urena Estrella , Jeysankar Akash , Jeysankar Prakash , Ignatius Irudayam Joseph , Natesan Subramanian Sumathi , Lavretsky Helen , Joshi Shantanu , Garcia Gustavo , Ramaiah Arunachalam , Arumugaswami Vaithilingaraja
Published: November 2021

SARS‐CoV‐2 has infected hundreds of millions of people with over four million dead, resulting in one of the worst global pandemics in recent history. Neurological symptoms associated with COVID‐19 include anosmia, ageusia, headaches, confusion, delirium, and strokes. These may manifest due to viral entry into the central nervous system (CNS) through the blood–brain barrier (BBB) by means of ill‐defined mechanisms. Here, we summarize the abilities of SARS‐CoV‐2 and other neurotropic RNA viruses, including Zika virus and Nipah virus, to cross the BBB into the CNS, highlighting the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessing presence and severity of brain structural changes in COVID‐19 patients. We present new insight into key mutations in SARS‐CoV‐2 variants B.1.1.7 (P681H) and B.1.617.2 (P681R), which may impact on neuropilin 1 (NRP1) binding and CNS invasion. We postulate that SARS‐CoV‐2 may infect both peripheral cells capable of crossing the BBB and brain endothelial cells to traverse the BBB and spread into the brain. COVID‐19 patients can be followed up with MRI modalities to better understand the long‐term effects of COVID‐19 on the brain.
A Review of Performance Attenuation and Mitigation Strategies of Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Jianwen , Yue Ming , Wang Shiquan , Zhao Yufeng , Zhang Jiujun
Published: November 2021

Given their high energy/power densities and long cycle time, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have become one type of the most practical power sources for electric/hybrid electric automobile, portable electronics, and power plants. However, the performance attenuation of LIBs has limited their applications in many energy‐related systems. In this review, the performance attenuation mechanisms of LIBs and the effort in development of mitigation strategies are comprehensively reviewed in terms of the commonly used cathode materials and anode materials, electrolytes, and current collectors. Several challenges are analyzed and several further research directions are also proposed for overcoming the challenges toward improvement of LIB performance.
In Situ Grown Tungsten Trioxide Nanoparticles on Graphene Oxide Nanosheet to Regulate Ion Selectivity of Membrane for High Performance Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
Authors: Ye Jiaye , Zheng Chunhua , Liu Jie , Sun Tianfu , Yu Shuhui , Li Huiyun
Published: November 2021

The application of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) has encountered challenges because the most commonly used commercial membrane (perfluorinated sulfonic acid, PFSA) has severe vanadium ion permeation, which yields poor stability of the battery. Herein, a PFSA‐based hybrid membrane with a sandwich structure created using a reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene thin layer with hydrophilic nanohybrid fillers is developed. The tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanoparticles are in situ grown on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets to overcome the electrostatic effect, and to enhance the hydrophilicity and dispersibility of GO nanosheets, which is embedded in the PFSA matrix to act as a “barrier” to reduce vanadium ions permeation. In addition, these hydrophilic WO3 nanoparticles on GO nanosheets surface serve as proton active sites to facilitate proton transportation. As a result, at 120 cm−2, the cell of the hybrid membrane displays high Coulombic efficiency (over 98.1%) and high energy efficiency (up to 88.9%), better than the commercial Nafion 212 membrane at the same condition. These performances indicate the proposed hybrid membrane is applicable for VRFB application. Also, this design method of the membrane can be extended to other fields including water treatments and fuel cells.
Integrative metabolomics‐genomics approach reveals key metabolic pathways and regulators of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Horgusluoglu Emrin , Neff Ryan , Song Won‐Min , Wang Minghui , Wang Qian , Arnold Matthias , Krumsiek Jan , Galindo‐Prieto Beatriz , Ming Chen , Nho Kwangsik , Kastenmüller Gabi , Han Xianlin , Baillie Rebecca , Zeng Qi , Andrews Shea , Cheng Haoxiang , Hao Ke , Goate Alison , Bennett David A. , Saykin Andrew J. , Kaddurah‐Daouk Rima , Zhang Bin ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI),   the Alzheimer Disease Metabolomics Consortium
Published: November 2021

Metabolites, the biochemical products of the cellular process, can be used to measure alterations in biochemical pathways related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the relationships between systemic abnormalities in metabolism and the pathogenesis of AD are poorly understood. In this study, we aim to identify AD‐specific metabolomic changes and their potential upstream genetic and transcriptional regulators through an integrative systems biology framework for analyzing genetic, transcriptomic, metabolomic, and proteomic data in AD. Metabolite co‐expression network analysis of the blood metabolomic data in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) shows short‐chain acylcarnitines/amino acids and medium/long‐chain acylcarnitines are most associated with AD clinical outcomes, including episodic memory scores and disease severity. Integration of the gene expression data in both the blood from the ADNI and the brain from the Accelerating Medicines Partnership Alzheimer's Disease (AMP‐AD) program reveals ABCA1 and CPT1A are involved in the regulation of acylcarnitines and amino acids in AD. Gene co‐expression network analysis of the AMP‐AD brain RNA‐seq data suggests the CPT1A‐ and ABCA1‐centered subnetworks are associated with neuronal system and immune response, respectively. Increased ABCA1 gene expression and adiponectin protein, a regulator of ABCA1, correspond to decreased short‐chain acylcarnitines and amines in AD in the ADNI. In summary, our integrated analysis of large‐scale multiomics data in AD systematically identifies novel metabolites and their potential regulators in AD and the findings pave a way for not only developing sensitive and specific diagnostic biomarkers for AD but also identifying novel molecular mechanisms of AD pathogenesis.
Odd‐Fold Darboux Transformation, Breather, Rogue‐Wave and Semirational Solutions on the Periodic Background for a Variable‐Coefficient Derivative Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation in an Inhomogeneous Plasma
Authors: Chen Su‐Su , Tian Bo , Zhang Chen‐Rong
Published: November 2021

Plasmas are believed to be possibly the most abundant form of visible matter in the Universe. Investigation in this paper is given to a variable‐coefficient derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation describing the nonlinear Alfvén waves in an inhomogeneous plasma. With respect to the left polarized Alfvén wave, the odd‐fold Darboux transformation, breather, rogue‐wave and semirational solutions are constructed on the periodic background. Conditions for the antidark/gray/black soliton solutions or periodic solutions are obtained. Period of the Akhmediev breather is independent of the dispersion coefficient. When such an equation has a constant dispersion, with the increasing value of the dispersion coefficient, quasi‐period of the Kuznetsov–Ma breather decreases, quasi‐periods of the spatio‐temporal breathers along the ξ and τ axes both decrease and range of the rogue wave along the τ axis decreases, where ξ and τ are the stretched time and space variables, respectively. When such an equation has a τ‐dependent linear dispersion, with the increasing value of , quasi‐period of the Kuznetsov–Ma breather decreases and quasi‐periods of the spatio‐temporal breathers along the ξ and τ axes both decrease. When such an equation has a constant loss/gain, linearly periodic background is exhibited. When such an equation has a τ‐dependent linear loss/gain, parabolic–periodic background is shown.
Configurational Lability at Tetrahedral Phosphorus: syn/anti‐Isomerization of a P‐Stereogenic Phosphiranium Cation by Intramolecular Epimerization at Phosphorus
Authors: Tipker Ryan M. , Muldoon Jake A. , Pham Daniel H. , Varga Balazs R. , Hughes Russell P. , Glueck David S. , Balaich Gary J. , Rheingold Arnold L.
Published: November 2021

Tetrahedral main‐group compounds are normally configurationally stable, but P‐epimerization of the chiral phosphiranium cations syn‐ or anti‐[Mes*P(Me)CH2CHPh][OTf] (Mes*=2,4,6‐(t‐Bu)3C6H2) occurred under mild conditions at 60 °C in CD2Cl2, resulting in isomerization to give a syn‐enriched equilibrium mixture. Ion exchange with excess [NBu4][Δ‐TRISPHAT] (Δ‐TRISPHAT=Δ‐P(o‐C6Cl4O2)3) followed by chromatography on silica removed [NBu4][OTf] and gave mixtures of syn‐ and anti‐[Mes*P(Me)CH2CHPh][Δ‐TRISPHAT]⋅x[NBu4][Δ‐TRISPHAT]. NMR spectroscopy showed that isomerization proceeded with epimerization at P and retention at C. DFT calculations are consistent with a mechanism involving P‐C cleavage to yield a hyperconjugation‐stabilized carbocation, pyramidal inversion promoted by σ‐interaction of the P lone pair with the neighboring β‐carbocation, and ring closure with inversion of configuration at P.
Modular Two‐Step Access to π‐Extended Naphthyridine Systems—Potent Building Blocks for Organic Electronics
Authors: Stuck Fabian , Dietl Martin C. , Meißner Maximilian , Sebastian Finn , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Krämer Petra , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: November 2021

Efficient synthetic approaches for the incorporation of nitrogen into polyaromatic compounds (PACs) in different patterns as stabilising moiety for π‐extended systems and modification tool for optoelectronic properties remain a challenge until today. Herein, we developed a new versatile pathway to napthyridine‐based PACs as non‐symmetric and regioisomeric pendant to pyrazine‐based PACs. A combination of a gold‐catalysed synthesis of 2‐aminoquinolines and the development of an in situ desulfonation and condensation of these precursors are the key steps of the protocol. The shape and type of attached functional groups of the PACs can be designed in a late stage of the overall synthetic procedure by the chosen anthranile and backbone of the ynamide introduced in the gold‐catalysed step. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and the investigation of electronic properties of the compounds show the influence of the attached substituents. All naphthyridine‐based PACs show halochromic behaviour implying their use as highly sensitive proton sensor in non‐protic solvents.
Structure‐function analysis of two closely related cutinases from Thermobifida cellulosilytica
Authors: Arnling Bååth Jenny , Novy Vera , Carneiro Leonor V. , Guebitz Georg M. , Olsson Lisbeth , Westh Peter , Ribitsch Doris
Published: November 2021

Cutinases can play a significant role in a biotechnology‐based circular economy. However, relatively little is known about the structure–function relationship of these enzymes, knowledge that is vital to advance optimized, engineered enzyme candidates. Here, two almost identical cutinases from Thermobifida cellulosilytica DSM44535 (Thc_Cut1 and Thc_Cut2) with only 18 amino acids difference were used for a rigorous biochemical characterization of their ability to hydrolyze poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), PET‐model substrates, and cutin‐model substrates. Kinetic parameters were compared with detailed in silico docking studies of enzyme‐ligand interactions. The two enzymes interacted with, and hydrolyzed PET differently, with Thc_Cut1 generating smaller PET‐degradation products. Thc_Cut1 also showed higher catalytic efficiency on long‐chain aliphatic substrates, an effect likely caused by small changes in the binding architecture. Thc_Cut2, in contrast, showed improved binding and catalytic efficiency when approaching the glass transition temperature of PET, an effect likely caused by longer amino acid residues in one area at the enzyme's surface. Finally, the position of the single residue Q93 close to the active site, rotated out in Thc_Cut2, influenced the ligand position of a trimeric PET‐model substrate. In conclusion, we illustrate that even minor sequence differences in cutinases can affect their substrate binding, substrate specificity, and catalytic efficiency drastically.
A novel animation authoring framework for the virtual teacher performing experiment in mixed reality
Authors: Zhang Zhenning , Wu Yihe , Pan Zhigeng , Li Weiqing , Su Zhiyong
Published: November 2021

Virtual teachers embedded into reality enable the transfer of skills and knowledge to students by demonstration. However, authoring the animation of virtual characters aligned with real environments is difficult for educators. In this study, a novel animation authoring framework for demonstration teaching is proposed based on human–computer interaction and intelligent algorithm, and its application is demonstrated in mixed reality experimental education. We developed a simulation experiment environment; users could operate equipment using gestures by a Leap Motion controller. The interaction trajectory can be adaptively adjusted by the dynamic motion primitives algorithm to generate a virtual teacher demonstration trajectory aligned with real environments. For the details of the virtual teacher animation, the deep reinforcement learning algorithm performed the adaptive grabbing for objects of different shapes and sizes. Our experimental results showed that the framework is easy to use; users are able to easily author a natural animation of a virtual teacher performing a chemical experiment aligned with real environments. Also, the user feedback showed that the virtual teacher's demonstration animation in MR is impressive, and students can learn from the animation by observation and imitation.
5 key strategies lessen regulatory hurdles for international students
Authors: Sanford Amy Aldridge , Raj Rishi
Published: November 2021

A little more than 1 million students with international student or scholar visas are currently enrolled in institutions of higher education in the United States, making up nearly 6% of all postsecondary enrollment within the country. NAFSA, the world's largest professional association dedicated to international education, reported that in 2019–2020 alone international students contributed $38.7 billion to the U.S. economy (read more at https://bit.ly/3AfNCla).
Binding Methylarginines and Methyllysines as Free Amino Acids: A Comparative Study of Multiple Host Classes**
Authors: Warmerdam Zoey , Kamba Bianca E. , Le My‐Hue , Schrader Thomas , Isaacs Lyle , Bayer Peter , Hof Fraser
Published: November 2021

Methylated free amino acids are an important class of targets for host‐guest chemistry that have recognition properties distinct from those of methylated peptides and proteins. We present comparative binding studies for three different host classes that are each studied with multiple methylated arginines and lysines to determine fundamental structure‐function relationships. The hosts studied are all anionic and include three calixarenes, two acyclic cucurbiturils, and two other cleft‐like hosts, a clip and a tweezer. We determined the binding association constants for a panel of methylated amino acids using indicator displacement assays. The acyclic cucurbiturils display stronger binding to the methylated amino acids, and some unique patterns of selectivity. The two other cleft‐like hosts follow two different trends, shallow host (clip) following similar trends to the calixarenes, and the other more closed host (tweezer) binding certain less‐methylated amino acids stronger than their methylated counterparts. Molecular modelling sheds some light on the different preferences of the various hosts. The results identify hosts with new selectivities and with affinities in a range that could be useful for biomedical applications. The overall selectivity patterns are explained by a common framework that considers the geometry, depth of binding pockets, and functional group participation across all host classes.
Highly Efficient Ir(III)‐Coumarin Photo‐Redox Catalyst for Synergetic Multi‐Mode Cancer Photo‐Therapy
Authors: Fan Zhongxian , Xie Jiaen , Sadhukhan Tumpa , Liang Chao , Huang Can , Li Wenqing , Li Tingxuan , Zhang Pingyu , Banerjee Samya , Raghavachari Krishnan , Huang Huaiyi
Published: November 2021

Four photo‐catalysts of the general formula [Ir(CO6/ppy)2(L)]Cl where CO6=coumarin 6 (Ir1–Ir3), ppy=2‐phenylpyridine (Ir4), L=4′‐(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐2,2′ : 6′,2′′‐terpyridine (Ir1), 4′‐(3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)‐2,2′ : 6′,2′′‐terpyridine (Ir2andIr4), and 4‐([2,2′ : 6′,2′′‐terpyridin]‐4′‐yl)‐N,N‐dimethylaniline (Ir3) were synthesized and characterized. These photostable photo‐catalysts (Ir1–Ir3) showed strong visible light absorption between 400–550 nm. Upon light irradiation (465 and 525 nm),Ir1–Ir3generated singlet oxygen and induced rapidly photo‐catalytic oxidation of cellular coenzymes NAD(P)H.Ir1–Ir3showed time‐dependent cellular uptake with excellent intracellular retention efficiency. Upon green light irradiation (525 nm),Ir2provided a much higher photo‐index (PI=793) than the clinically used photosensitizer, 5‐aminolevulinicacid (5‐ALA, PI>30) against HeLa cancer cells. The observed necro‐apoptotic anticancer activity ofIr2was due to theIr2triggered photo‐induced intracellular redox imbalance (by NAD(P)H oxidation and ROS generation) and change in the mitochondrial membrane potential. Remarkably,Ir2showed in vivo photo‐induced catalytic anticancer activity in mouse models.
Solvothermal Synthesis of [Cr7S8(en)8Cl2]Cl3 ⋅ 2H2O with Magnetically Frustrated [Cr7S8]5+ Double‐Cubes**
Authors: Gamage Eranga H. , Clark Judith K. , Yazback Maher , Cheng Hai‐Ping , Shatruk Michael , Kovnir Kirill
Published: November 2021

A novel transition metal chalcohalide [Cr7S8(en)8Cl2]Cl3 ⋅ 2H2O, with [Cr7S8]5+ dicubane cationic clusters, has been synthesized by a low temperature solvothermal method, using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethylenediamine (en) solvents. Ethylenediamine ligand exhibits bi‐ and monodentate coordination modes; in the latter case ethylenediamine coordinates to Cr atoms of adjacent clusters, giving rise to a 2D polymeric structure. Although magnetic susceptibility shows no magnetic ordering down to 1.8 K, a highly negative Weiss constant, θ=−224(2) K, obtained from Curie‐Weiss fit of inverse susceptibility, suggests strong antiferromagnetic (AFM) interactions between S=3/2 Cr(III) centers. Due to the complexity of the system with (2S+1)7=16384 microstates from seven Cr3+ centers, a simplified model with only two exchange constants was used for simulations. Density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations yielded the two exchange constants to be J1=−21.4 cm−1 and J2=−30.2 cm−1, confirming competing AFM coupling between the shared Cr3+ center and the peripheral Cr3+ ions of the dicubane cluster. The best simulation of the experimental data was obtained with J1=−20.0 cm−1 and J2=−21.0 cm−1, in agreement with the slightly stronger AFM exchange within the triangles of the peripheral Cr3+ ions as compared to the AFM exchange between the central and peripheral Cr3+ ions. This compound is proposed as a synthon towards magnetically frustrated systems assembled by linking dicubane transition metal‐chalcogenide clusters into polymeric networks.
PROTOCOL: Effectiveness of nutrition counselling for pregnant women in low‐ and middle‐income countries to improve maternal, infant and child behavioural, nutritional and health outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Dewidar Omar , Saad Ammar , Baqar Aqeel , John Jessica C. , Riddle Alison , Ota Erika , Kung'u Jacqueline K. , Arabi Mandana , Raut Manoj K. , Klobodu Seth S. , Rowe Sarah , Busch‐Hallen Jennifer , Jalal Chowdhury S. B. , Wuehler Sara , Welch Vivian
Published: November 2021

The objective of this systematic review is to identify, appraise and synthesise the best available evidence on the effectiveness of nutritional counselling and education interventions on maternal, infant and child health outcomes, and assess the differences in effects across participants' PROGRESS+ characteristics. To achieve these objectives, we will aim to answer the following research questions: What is the effectiveness of nutrition counselling interventions for pregnant women in low‐ or middle‐income countries on maternal, infant and child health outcomes? What are the impacts of nutrition counselling interventions on maternal, infant and child health outcomes across participants' PROGRESS+ characteristics?
Low‐ and moderate‐severity fire offers key insights for landscape restoration in ponderosa pine forests
Authors: Cannon Jeffery B. , Warnick Katarina J. , Elliott Spencer , Briggs Jennifer S.
Published: November 2021

Restoration goals in fire‐prone conifer forests include mitigating fire hazard while restoring forest structural components linked to disturbance resilience and ecological function. Restoration of overstory spatial pattern in forests often falls short of management objectives due to complexities in implementation, regulation, and available data. When historical data is available, it is often collected at plots too small to inform coarse‐scale metrics like gap size and structure of tree patches (e.g., 1 ha). Principles of ecological forestry typically emphasize overstory removal patterns that emulate those of natural disturbances. So, low‐ and moderate‐severity portions of contemporary wildfires may serve as a guide to restoration treatments where mixed‐severity fires occur. Here, we compare forest spatial pattern and configuration in 15 mechanical restoration treatments and low‐ and moderate‐severity portions of three wildfires in ponderosa pine‐dominated forests to determine how they differ in spatial pattern. We obtained satellite imagery of restoration treatments and wildfires and used supervised classification to differentiate canopy and openings. We assessed elements of landscape structure including canopy and gap cover, gap attributes, and landscape heterogeneity for each disturbance type. We found that both mechanical restoration treatments and low‐ and moderate‐severity portions of wildfires reduced forest cover, increased gap cover, and altered pattern and arrangement of gaps relative to undisturbed areas, though the magnitude of changes were greatest in the burned sites. Low‐ and moderate‐severity wildfire consistently increased landscape heterogeneity, but mechanical treatments did not. This suggests that a greater emphasis on increasing gap and patch spatial structure may make mechanical treatments more congruent with natural disturbances. Outcomes of low‐ and moderate‐severity portions of wildfires may provide important information upon which to base management prescriptions where reference data on landscape patterns is unavailable.
Validation of a test meal paradigm to experimentally manipulate meal‐related fears: A registered report
Authors: Forney K. Jean , Jo Jenny H. , Pucci Gabriella , France Christopher R.
Published: November 2021

Fear is central to conceptualizations of weight and shape‐focused eating disorders. The current study will examine the reliability and validity of a test meal paradigm that varies perceptions of fat content to manipulate fear. Undergraduate women with elevated eating pathology (N = 96) will be randomized to one of three test meal conditions: two “low” fat yogurts, two “high” fat yogurts, or one “high” fat and one “low” fat yogurt. In actuality, all yogurts will have the same fat content. Supporting reliability, we hypothesize that self‐reported fear and electrodermal activity (psychophysiological index of fear‐related arousal) will exhibit good test–retest reliability over a 48‐hr period in the “high” fat/“high” fat and “low” fat/“low” fat conditions. Supporting construct validity, self‐reported fear and electrodermal activity will be elevated during the “high” versus “low” fat condition and responses to the “high" fat condition will correlate with fear of food, eating, and weight gain. Supporting discriminant validity, self‐reported disgust and anger will be comparable in the “high” and “low” fat conditions and will exhibit weak correlations with trait measures of disgust and anger. This experimental paradigm will allow researchers to manipulate fear in order understand the mechanisms by which fear maintains eating pathology.
Beyond BACI: Offsetting carcass numbers with flight intensity to improve risk assessments of bird collisions with power lines
Authors: Mercker Moritz , Jödicke Klaus
Published: November 2021

The continuing global expansion of electricity networks increases the risk of bird collisions with power lines. Several field studies have demonstrated that this risk can be reduced by marking lines with flight diverters. A before‐after control‐impact (BACI) design is currently the suggested approach for evaluating the effectiveness of these diverters and is generally assumed to give unbiased results.

Using systematic flight survey data, we demonstrate that the assumptions underlying the BACI approach are frequently violated, leading to biased effectiveness estimates. We present an alternative field and statistical design in which the number of bird strike victims is directly related to bird flight intensity (“fusion design”), instead of estimating it indirectly using a control site. The presented design is validated based on simulations.

We demonstrate that the presented method is unbiased and shows an approximately 3‐fold higher statistical power compared with BACI, even under ideal/unbiased data conditions, with similar field‐experimental effort. Moreover, this approach can provide a direct analysis of bird reactions/collisions, estimation of collision rates, and the possibility of conducting the required fieldwork within a single season.

Our presented method can be used to standardize and improve future studies on diverter effectiveness, for example, by supporting the acquisition of a more detailed picture of species‐, diverter type‐, and habitat‐specific estimates.
Navigating between Scylla and Charybdis: challenges and strategies for implementing guideline‐directed medical therapy in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Seferović Petar M. , Polovina Marija , Adlbrecht Christopher , Bělohlávek Jan , Chioncel Ovidiu , Goncalvesová Eva , Milinković Ivan , Grupper Avishay , Halmosi Róbert , Kamzola Ginta , Koskinas Konstantinos C. , Lopatin Yuri , Parkhomenko Alexander , Põder Pentti , Ristić Arsen D. , Šakalytė Gintarė , Trbušić Matias , Tundybayeva Meiramgul , Vrtovec Bojan , Yotov Yoto T. , Miličić Davor , Ponikowski Piotr , Metra Marco , Rosano Giuseppe , Coats Andrew J.S.
Published: November 2021

Guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) has the potential to reduce the risks of mortality and hospitalisation in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, real‐world data indicate that many patients with HFrEF do not receive optimised GDMT, which involves several different medications, many of which require up‐titration to target doses. There are many challenges to implementing GDMT, the most important being patient‐related factors (comorbidities, advanced age, frailty, cognitive impairment, poor adherence, low socioeconomic status), treatment‐related factors (intolerance, side‐effects) and healthcare‐related factors that influence availability and accessibility of HF care. Accordingly, international disparities in resources for HF management and limited public reimbursement of GDMT, coupled with clinical inertia for treatment intensification combine to hinder efforts to provide GDMT. In this review paper, authors aim to provide solutions based on available evidence, practical experience, and expert consensus on how to utilise evolving strategies, novel medications, and patient profiling to allow the more comprehensive uptake of GDMT. Authors discuss professional education, motivation, and training, as well as patient empowerment for self‐care as important tools to overcome clinical inertia and boost GDMT implementation. We provide evidence on how multidisciplinary care and institutional accreditation can be successfully used to increase prescription rates and adherence to GDMT. We consider the role of modern technologies in advancing professional and patient education and facilitating patient–provider communication. Finally, authors emphasise the role of novel drugs (especially sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors), and a tailored approach to drug management as evolving strategies for the more successful implementation of GDMT.
Microfluidic‐based nanoparticle synthesis and their potential applications
Authors: Khizar Sumera , Zine Nadia , Errachid Abdelhamid , Jaffrezic‐Renault Nicole , Elaissari Abdelhamid
Published: November 2021

A lot of substantial innovation in advancement of microfluidic field in recent years to produce nanoparticle reveals a number of distinctive characteristics, for instance, compactness, controllability, fineness in process, and stability along with minimal reaction amount. Recently, a prompt development, as well as realization in the production of nanoparticles in microfluidic environment having dimension of micro to nanometers and constituents extending from metals, semiconductors to polymers, has been made. Microfluidics technology integrates fluid mechanics for the production of nanoparticles having exclusive with homogenous sizes, shapes, and morphology, which are utilized in several bioapplications such as biosciences, drug delivery, and healthcare including food engineering. Nanoparticles are usually well‐known for having fine and rough morphology because of their small dimensions including exceptional physical, biological, chemical, and optical properties. Though the orthodox procedures need huge instruments, costly autoclaves, use extra power, extraordinary heat loss, as well as take surplus time for synthesis. Additionally, this is fascinating to systematize, assimilate, in addition, to reduce traditional tools onto one platform to produce micro and nanoparticles. The synthesis of nanoparticles by microfluidics permits fast handling besides better efficacy of method utilizing the smallest components for process. Herein, we will focus on synthesis of nanoparticles by means of microfluidic devices intended for different bioapplications.
A Critical Review of the Availability, Reliability, and Ecological Relevance of Arctic Species Toxicity Tests for Use in Environmental Risk Assessment
Authors: Eldridge Rebecca J. , de Jourdan Benjamin P. , Hanson Mark L.
Published: November 2021

There is a pressing need to understand the impact of contaminants on Arctic ecosystems; however, most toxicity tests are based on temperate species, and there are issues with reliability and relevance of bioassays in general. Together this may result in an underestimation of harm to Arctic organisms and contribute to significant uncertainty in risk assessments. To help address these concerns, a critical review to assess reported effects for these species, quantify methodological and endpoint relevance gaps, and identify future research needs for testing was performed. We developed uniform criteria to score each study, allowing an objective comparison across experiments to quantify their reliability and relevance. We scored a total of 48 individual studies, capturing 39 tested compounds, 73 unique Arctic test species, and 95 distinct endpoints published from 1975 to 2021. Our analysis shows that of 253 test substance and species combinations scored (i.e., a unique toxicity test), 207 (82%) failed to meet at least one critical study criterion that contributes to data reliability for use in risk assessment. Arctic-focused toxicity testing needs to ensure that exposures can be analytically confirmed, include environmentally realistic exposure scenarios, and report test methods more thoroughly. Significant data gaps were identified as related to standardized toxicity testing with Arctic species, diversity of compounds tested with these organisms, and the inclusion of ecologically relevant sublethal and chronic endpoints assessed in Arctic toxicity testing. Overall, there needs to be ongoing improvement in test conduction and reporting in the scientific literature to support effective risk assessments in an Arctic context. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:46–72. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Varves in the Yixian Formation, western Liaoning: Constraining the palaeoclimate in the Early Cretaceous
Authors: Wang Tiehui , Gong Enpu , Liang Yue , Cui Ying , Huang Wentao
Published: November 2021

The study of the palaeoenvironment of the Early Cretaceous has been a significant research topic, largely due to the “Jehol Biota” in western Liaoning and the important prospect of fossils in Dakangpu Layer. Based on the sedimentology of Dakangpu Layer, it is helpful to get a deeper understanding of the living environment of the “Jehol Biota.” Varves are highly developed in the Dakangpu Bed of lower Cretaceous Yixian Basin in western Liaoning, China, supplying reliable and high‐quality proxies to explore the palaeoclimate. This paper reconstructs the palaeo‐lake environment and palaeoclimate, using petrography, facies associations, varves components, and geochemistry. Detailed petrographic studies helped to recognize 11 lithofacies which were grouped into two facies associations: Shallow lake and deep to semi‐deep lake sequences. The delicate structure of varves in the Dakangpu Bed were divided into two categories: Clastic and endogenic. Additionally, two sub‐types of clastic varves have been discovered, with distinct components, thickness, and distribution in vertical sequence. Nineteen representative samples of varves reveal that rare earth and trace elements have a similar change trend. The composition, formation, and preservation of the varves in the Dakangpu Bed depicted a deep lake, with stratified water and oxygen‐depleted bottom layer environment. The U/Th ratios and V/Cr ratios are in the ranges of 0.37–1.55 and 0.97–10.47 respectively, supporting the redox environment's minor fluctuation. The varve thickness, flood frequency, sporopollenin collections, and geochemical data indicated that precipitation and humidity decreased gradually in the sedimentary period, and the climate changed to warmer and drier, with fluctuations in the middle to later periods.
Heterogeneous health effects of medical marijuana legalization: Evidence from young adults in the United States
Authors: Chay Junxing , Kim Seonghoon
Published: November 2021

Legalizing marijuana for medical purposes is a longstanding debate. However, evidence of marijuana's health effects is limited, especially for young adults. We estimate the health impacts of medical marijuana laws (MML) in the U.S. among young adults aged 18–29 years using the difference‐in‐differences method and data from the Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System. We find that having MMLs with strict regulations generate health gains, but not in states with lax regulations. Our heterogeneity analysis results indicate that individuals with lower education attainments, with lower household income and without access to health insurance coverage gain more health benefits from MML with strict regulations than from MML with lax regulations. The findings suggest greater net health gains under strict controls concerning marijuana supply and access.
Genetic mutations of APOEε4 carriers in cardiovascular patients lead to the development of insulin resistance and risk of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Jabeen Komal , Rehman Kanwal , Akash Muhammad Sajid Hamid
Published: November 2021

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease (AD), both are chronic and progressive diseases. Many cardiovascular and genetic risk factors are considered responsible for the development of AD and diabetes mellitus (DM). Genetic risk factor such as apolipoprotein E (APOE) plays a critical role in the progression of AD. Specifically, APOEε4 is genetically the strongest isoform associated with neuronal insulin deficiency, altered lipid homeostasis, and metabolism, decreased glucose uptake, impaired gray matter volume, and cerebrovascular functions. In this article, we have summarized the mechanisms of cardiovascular disturbances associated with AD and DM, impact of amyloid‐β aggregation, and neurofibrillary tangles formation in AD. Moreover, cardiovascular risk factors leading to insulin resistance (IR) and amyloid‐β aggregation are highlighted along with the effects of APOE risk alleles on cerebral, lipid, and cholesterol metabolism leading to CVD‐mediated IR. Correspondingly, the contribution of IR, genetic and cardiovascular risk factors in amyloid‐β aggregation, which may lead to the late onset of AD and DM, has been also discussed. In short, IR is related to significantly lower cerebral glucose metabolism, which sequentially forecasts poorer memory performance. Hence, there will be more chances for neural glucose intolerance and impairment of cognitive function in cardiac patients, particularly APOEε4 carriers having IR. Hence, this review provides a better understanding of the corresponding crosstalk among different pathways. This will help to investigate the rational application of preventive measures against IR and cognitive dysfunction, specifically in APOEε4 carriers' cardio‐metabolic patients.
Web‐based transcriptome analysis determines a sixteen‐gene signature and associated drugs on hearing loss patients: A bioinformatics approach
Authors: Lei Min , Zhang Dongdong , Sun Yixin , Zou Cong , Wang Yue , Hong Yongjun , Jiao Yanchao , Cai Chengfu
Published: November 2021

Background

Hearing loss is becoming more and more general. It may occur at all age and affect the language learning ability of children and trigger serious social problems.

Methods

The hearing loss differentially expressed genes (HL‐DEGs) were recognized through a comparison with healthy subjects. The Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was executed by DAVID. The reactome analysis of HL‐DEGs was performed by Clue‐GO. Next, we used STRING, an online website, to identify crucial protein‐protein interactions among HL‐DEGs. Cytoscape software was employed to construct a protein‐protein interaction network. MCODE, a plug‐in of the Cytoscape software, was used for module analysis. Finally, we used DGIdb database to ascertain the targeted drugs for MCODE genes.

Results

Four hundred four HL‐DEGs were identified, among which the most up‐regulated 10 genes were AL008707.1, SDR42E1P5, BX005040.1, AL671883.2, MT1XP1, AC016957.1, U2AF1L5, XIST, DAAM2, and ADAMTS2, and the most down‐regulated 10 genes were ALOX15, PRSS33, IL5RA, SMPD3, IGHV1‐2, IGLV3‐9, RHOXF1P1, CACNG6, MYOM2, and RSAD2. Through STRING database and MCODE analysis, we finally got 16 MCODE genes. These genes can be regarded as hearing loss related genes. Through biological analysis, it is found that these genes are enriched in pathways related to apoptosis such as tumor necrosis factor. Among them, MMP8, LTF, ORM2, FOLR3, and TCN1 have corresponding targeted drugs. Foremost, MCODE genes should be investigated for its usefulness as a new biomarker for diagnosis and treatment.

Conclusion

In summary, our study produced a sixteen‐gene signature and associated drugs that could be diagnosis and treatment of hearing loss patients.
Subjective well‐being and vulnerability related to problematic Internet use among university students with and without disabilities: A comparative study
Authors: Herruzo Carlos , Raya Trenas Antonio F. , Ruiz‐Olivares Rosario , Lucena Valentina , Herruzo Cabrera Javier , Pino María J.
Published: November 2021

This study aims to observe whether people with disabilities experience problematic Internet use (PIU) like that of young people without disabilities; to relate PIU to psychological distress in young disabled people and to determine whether these problems are similar to or different from those experienced by young people without disabilities. The sample comprised 408 university students with disabilities and 1386 university students without disabilities from several Spanish universities. PIU was evaluated using the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and psychological distress was evaluated using the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation‐Outcome Measure (CORE‐OM). The group of university students with disabilities showed less PIU than the nondisabled students, but the worst scores in variables referencing psychological discomfort were found among those students with disabilities who also had PIU. Although the results are not completely generalizable, PIU is related to bigger problems in disabled people for whom it represents a higher risk than for people without disabilities.
Lifestyle‐ and comorbidity‐related factors for the prescription of proton pump inhibitors after Helicobacter pylori eradication in Japan
Authors: Shimada Furitsu , Endo Hiroyoshi , Takamori Ayako , Matsunaga Takuya , Fujimoto Shun , Shirai Shimpei , Kakiuchi Toshihiko , Akutagawa Takashi , Sakata Yasuhisa , Node Koichi , Yamanouchi Kohei , Nakamura Shotaro , Fujimoto Kazuma , Esaki Motohiro
Published: November 2021

Background and Aim

The aim of the present study was to examine the lifestyle‐ and comorbidity‐related determinant factors of the prescription of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for patients in whom Helicobacter pylori has been eradicated, and to evaluate the relationship between PPI prescription and the severity of endoscopic esophagitis.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients who underwent H. pylori eradication from May 2012 to September 2016 at Saiseikai Karatsu Hospital. All patients received upper gastrointestinal endoscopy before H. pylori eradication. Patients with open peptic ulcers and/or malignant diseases were excluded, and a final total of 389 patients were evaluated. Medical records were reviewed to determine the prescription of PPIs after H. pylori eradication, lifestyle‐related factors, and comorbidities. Lifestyle‐related factors were confirmed by a questionnaire.

Results

PPIs were administered to 124 of 389 patients (31.9%). The only lifestyle‐related risk factor for the prescription of PPIs after H. pylori eradication was older age (P < 0.01). Hypertension increased the prescription of PPIs (P = 0.034). The prescription of PPIs was not influenced by the presence of grade A esophagitis, whereas the PPI prescription rate was significantly increased in patients with grades B/C/D endoscopic esophagitis (P < 0.01). The grade of chronic gastritis before H. pylori eradication had no effect on the prescription of PPIs.

Conclusion

The lifestyle‐ and comorbidity‐related risk factors for the prescription of PPIs after H. pylori eradication were older age and hypertension, while mild endoscopic esophagitis had no influence on PPI prescription.
Remitting neuropsychiatric symptoms in COVID‐19 patients: Viral cause or drug effect?
Authors: Forero‐Peña David A. , Hernandez Matthew M. , Mozo Herrera Iriana Paola , Collado Espinal Iván Bolívar , Páez Paz Joselyn , Ferro Carlos , Flora‐Noda David M. , Maricuto Andrea L. , Velásquez Viledy L. , Camejo‐Avila Natasha A. , Sordillo Emilia M. , Delgado‐Noguera Lourdes A. , Perez‐Garcia Luis A. , Morantes Rodríguez Carlos G. , Landaeta María Eugenia , Paniz‐Mondolfi Alberto E.
Published: November 2021

Numerous reports of neuropsychiatric symptoms highlighted the pathologic potential of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and its relationship the onset and/or exacerbation of mental disease. However, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) treatments, themselves, must be considered as potential catalysts for new‐onset neuropsychiatric symptoms in COVID‐19 patients. To date, immediate and long‐term neuropsychiatric complications following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection are currently unknown. Here we report on five patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection with possible associated neuropsychiatric involvement, following them clinically until resolution of their symptoms. We will also discuss the contributory roles of chloroquine and dexamethasone in these neuropsychiatric presentations.
Evolution of spike mutations following antibody treatment in two immunocompromised patients with persistent COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Bronstein Yotam , Adler Amos , Katash Haytham , Halutz Ora , Herishanu Yair , Levytskyi Katia
Published: November 2021

Immunocompromised patients have an increased risk of persistent COVID‐19 disease. We report here the clinical course of two patients with hematologic malignancies hospitalized due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. In both patients, viral evolution including new spike gene mutations that occurred following treatment with anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies preparations, including convalescent plasma and bamlanivimab. These cases demonstrate the possibility of antibody‐resistant SARS‐CoV‐2 infections evolution in immunocompromised patients.