bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rebellion and spatial vision: Social media as a tool for strengthening local connections
Authors: Jeremić Petar , Maksimović Vladimir
Published: November 2024

Since the emergence of social media and their evolution, we have become aware of their immense power. Whether it's simple message exchanges or finding a good restaurant nearby, their impact is undeniable. The trends set by social media significantly influence the population. Whether sharing information about a new urban spot full of service establishments, a new art gallery, or a previously neglected part of the city, it's important to recognize their impact on the local community and the city. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the influence of new trends from popular social networks such as Twitter, on specific places and parts of the city, as well as their impact on improving the level of services and quality of life in those areas. In this context, it is essential to mention gentrification as a process that inevitably occurs as a result of these trends. Additionally, the paper will present examples from around the world to help readers understand the impact of modern social networks on the development of local communities.
Application of modern technologies in strategic local development planning: The entrepreneurial discovery process as a key factor of thematic smart specializations
Authors: Ivanić Valentina
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the role of modern technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), GIS systems, and big data analytics, in enhancing the entrepreneurial discovery process (EDP) and strategic planning of thematic smart specializations in Serbia. The focus is on the collaboration between key actors of the quadruple helix (government, industry, academia, and civil society), as well as the role of accredited regional development agencies (ARRA) and local self-government units (JLS) in this process. The paper also analyzes the challenges in policy coordination and implementation across different levels of government and highlights the potential of AI technologies in optimizing EDP processes. Through concrete examples of good practices from various European countries, the paper discusses how these models can be adapted and applied in the context of Serbia, aiming to improve regional development and economic competitiveness.
The application of GIS in the analysis of Air Serbia flights over the territory of Serbia in the function of environmental protection
Authors: Novković Ivan , Mandić Nevena
Published: November 2024

Although the skies over Serbian territory are heavily used by air traffic, and this type of traffic, i.e. airplanes, can have a significant impact on the environment and the health of the population, relatively little attention is paid to this issue both at the level of the Republic of Serbia and at the level of local self-government units. In this work, using Geographic Information Systems, the flights of the national airline Air Serbia over the territory of Serbia in September 2023 were analyzed based on data downloaded from the Flightradar24.com portal. The analysis was carried out at the level of local self-government units in Serbia and for fields of 10 x 10 kilometers size in the territory of the Republic of Serbia. For each local self-government unit and each field, data on the total number of Air Serbia flights over its territory, as well as data on the average flight altitude, flight speed over their territories, total and average flight length over the territory of the local self-government units and the average flight length per unit area of the local self-government units were obtained. The data obtained, together with the data on the flights of other airlines over the territory of Serbia over a long period of time, should represent the basis for the implementation of appropriate environmental protection measures, primarily with the aim of reducing air and noise pollution and the negative impact on human health.
The contribution of GIS to the economic development of Toplica tourism
Authors: Valjarević Aleksandar
Published: November 2024

Toplica is a sub-region of the Mesoregion of Southern Serbia. Its tourist potential is only partially exploited. There are conditions for the development of various types of tourism: spa, mountain, hunting, fishing, transit. A special tourist geomorphologic value of exceptional importance is the Đavolja varoš. The 21st century is the century of the information economy, in which information is more important than capital. Economic development improves the material and cultural standard of living, making tourism increasingly popular and bringing new challenges. Tourism today requires new technologies for the management and control of tourism activities as well as for the decision-making process. Compared to the traditional approach, the Geographic Information System (GIS) provides a tool for tourism planning and management that collects analyzes and visualizes spatial data. The integration of GIS into the planning and management of tourism infrastructure enables positive decisions to be made about the location and distribution of tourism elements based on accessibility, environmental sustainability and economic feasibility. The tourist map of Toplica, created with the open source software QGIS 3.32.2, will contribute to the further development and better presentation of the Toplica district.
Exploring adventure tourism trends through image content analysis of Instagram posts
Authors: Stanišić Tanja , Lazarević Sonja , Kopeva Diana
Published: November 2024

Purpose-The main objective of the paper is to contribute to testing the usefulness of image content analysis in the assessment of trends in the tourism market, as well as to draw conclusions about contemporary tendencies in the adventure tourism market. Methodology-The image content analysis is a key methodological tool in this research, supported by comparative and cluster analysis. A detailed analysis of trends in adventure tourism is carried out through the assessment of geographical and temporal characteristics, types of adventure activities and user representation by gender. Findings-The results of the research indicated the significant role of developing countries as adventure tourism destinations, the absence of seasonality, the dominance of soft adventure activities and women as participants in this type of tourism. In addition, the research made it possible to identify certain new activities and conclude on the diversification of the offer, as well as the classification of activities according to the gender structure of the participants. Implications-The results can be useful to the creators of the offer on the adventure tourism market, but also to the tourists themselves in terms of ideas and motivation. In a theoretical sense, the paper should contribute to highlighting the prevailing views in the literature on the key features of adventure tourism.
Trust in science and COVID-19 vaccination: The role of institutional trust
Authors: Janić Ognjen , Lazić Milica , Ljevaja Milica
Published: November 2024

This study aims to investigate the moderating role of institutional trust (i.e., trust in the authorities and trust in the healthcare system) in the relationship between trust in science/official modern medicine and the attitudes of young people towards getting the COVID-19 vaccine. The sample consisted of 791 participants from Serbia (59.9% female), with an age range between 15 and 25 (M = 18.25, SD = 2.670). All trust-related measures, including trust in science, official modern medicine, the authorities and healthcare system had significant main effects in all tested models, indicating that, with an increase in the trust-related measures, the attitudes towards getting the COVID-19 vaccine tended to get more positive. Two out of four tested interactive effects were statistically significant: the interactive effect of trust in science and trust in healthcare, and trust in the official modern medicine and trust in healthcare on the attitudes towards getting COVID-19 vaccine. The study results suggest that distrust in the healthcare system is a vulnerability factor in the afore-mentioned relationship. This prompts a critical examination of the factors and conditions contributing to the pervasive lack of trust among young people in Serbia towards the institutional entities that shape and perpetuate perceptions and attitudes towards vaccination.
Static testing of brake triangles of railway vehicles
Authors: Bižić Milan , Petrović Dragan , Antonijević Dragoslav , Antonijević Aleksandar , Miljković Ivan
Published: November 2024

Brake triangles are very important parts of the braking system of railway vehicles that can significantly affect safety and security on the railway. In accordance with the international standard UIC 833, the requirements for manufacturers of brake triangles are very strict and require the supplier to provide proof of the quality of the brake triangles. Therefore, manufacturers must provide appropriate evidence of the quality of production of brake triangles in accordance with the above-mentioned international standard. The paper presents the basic requirements of the international standard UIC 833 and the development of the test stand for static testing of brake triangles of railway vehicles in the Serbian company Tehnoliv Komerc from Velika Plana. This allowed this company to start a very successful mass production of brake triangles for the international market.
Sustainable railways: Investigation of the energy efficiency of electric rail vehicles
Authors: Fischer Szabolcs , Kocsis Szürke
Published: November 2024

This paper investigates the energy efficiency of electric rail vehicles, focusing on factors that promote more sustainable railway systems. Using real-time data from Siemens Ventus trains operating between Vienna-Deutschkreuz and Vienna-Bratislava, the study analyzes how regenerative braking, infrastructure quality, and driver behavior affect energy consumption. The data were processed to evaluate energy consumption and pinpoint areas for potential efficiency improvements. The results demonstrate that regenerative braking and energy storage systems substantially reduce energy consumption, although external factors, such as track conditions and operational strategies, introduce variability in consumption. These findings support the development of energy-efficient railway operations in line with the European Union's sustainability objectives.
Research of the draw hook failures on rail vehicles in Serbia
Authors: Vukšić-Popović Marija , Tanasković Jovan , Stojanović Jagoš , Lučanin Vojkan
Published: November 2024

Draw hook failures present significant problems for railway safety and operational efficiency. Although failures on the draw gear are not frequent, they can induce serious problems on the vehicles and infrastructure when some elements break. This paper presents comprehensive research on the potential causes of these failures, aiming to provide insights for prevention measures related to materials, production process, geometry and manipulation practices during train operation. The draw hook, as one of the vital components in connections of wagons and locomotives, ensures the safety and reliability of trains during operation. By analyzing the historical failure data and relevant literature, this study identifies several key factors contributing to coupler failures. Material degradation emerges as a prominent concern, with factors such as fatigue, wear, and corrosion compromising the structural integrity of the coupler hook and other components over time. Overloading during starting, impacts, or improper coupling procedures further increase the risk of failures. Mechanical and physical characteristics of used material, as well as geometric inconsistencies, may also induce failure under operational conditions. Environmental factors, such as extreme temperatures, moisture ingress, and chemical exposure, pose additional challenges by accelerating material degradation and corrosion processes. Understanding the complex interaction of these factors is crucial for developing effective preventive maintenance strategies and for addressing and improving observed imperfections in draw gear elements. Implementing the results from this research can help railway operators and manufacturers of subjected elements mitigate the risk of failures, thereby ensuring the continued reliability and safety of rail transportation systems.
Using of satellite data for railway infrastructure monitoring
Authors: Ristić-Durrant Danijela , Banić Milan , Madić Miloš , Klapper Alina , Trifunović Milan , Simonović Miloš
Published: November 2024

Structural stability and operational safety of transport structures, including railways and bridges, can be ensured by continuous monitoring of these structures and their surrounding environment. Several satellite remote sensing technologies have proven to be suitable for this task in the last few decades. This study conducted a review of literature on using satellite data for railway infrastructure monitoring, with respect to the application/use-case, and used satellite technology.
Influence of vehicle layouts on capacity and energy consumption
Authors: Rüger Bernhard
Published: November 2024

In order to meet growing demand and environmental policy requirements, it is important for local rail passenger transport to increase its performance. There are various options for this in the area of infrastructure. At the same time, the layout of the vehicles also has a significant influence on performance. Incorrectly planned vehicles lead on the one hand to a significant reduction in the capacity that can actually be achieved and on the other hand to an unnecessary increase in passenger changeover times. The longer passenger changeover time also means a longer train sequence time and therefore a reduction in performance on the line. The presentation shows which errors in the planning of night trains (underground trains, suburban trains, regional trains) lead to a reduction in efficiency as a result of the passenger changeover time and, conversely, which measures in the vehicles help to increase the efficiency of a line or network. At the same time, there is potential for energy savings.
In-service assessment of equivalent conicity with the aim of preventing the unstable ride of rail vehicles
Authors: Simić Goran , Milković Dragan , Radulović Saša , Kostić-Miličić Aleksandra
Published: November 2024

The paper provides a general survey of methods for equivalent conicity assessment. Different aspects of interest are addressed: type tests of new rail vehicles, acceptance of new railway tracks, as well as vehicles and infrastructure in-service. The paper discusses the procedure if the ride instability appears in service. According to European legislation, this situation requires equivalent conicity assessment on vehicle and infrastructure. The procedure is demonstrated for one vehicle in service, combined with reference rail profiles and rail profile samples acquired by track recording vehicle at the new Belgrade-Novi Sad railway line for 200 km/h, in combination with reference wheel profiles.
Pass-by noise measurements using one versus two identical trailer units within available standard methods
Authors: Radulović Saša , Kostić-Miličić Aleksandra , Milković Dragan , Simić Goran , Lučanin Vojkan
Published: November 2024

This paper analyzes and compares the noise measurement results of rail vehicles obtained by testing with one or two identical trailer units. The test procedure for measurement of the pass-by noise emitted by railway vehicles is generally carried out using the standard method according to ISO 3095, for which it is necessary to perform the measurements with two identical trailer units. In special cases where a series consists of only one unit, i.e. there is no other identical vehicle, testing and signal processing are performed with just one unit. Typically, this is considered an exception. The requirements to provide two identical units can cause certain problems for manufacturers. If the need to modify the prototype arises, it implies changing the two vehicles, which results in increased costs. The paper shows a comparative review of the results and an opinion on the justification of the request to perform tests with two identical trailer units.
Considerations on the efficient use of night trains in daytime transport
Authors: Rüger Bernhard , Traunmüller Maria , Michelberger Frank , Sauter-Serveas Thomas
Published: November 2024

As a result of the stricter climate protection targets in the European Union and the growing awareness of sustainable mobility, night trains are currently experiencing a renaissance. However, a major challenge for night trains is their economic operation. In conventional night trains, the achievable occupancy density is lower than in day trains. As a rule, seats are only allocated once for the entire run of the train. The personnel costs and, in some cases, the operating costs are often higher than for day trains. In addition, night trains are generally not in use during the day but are "unproductive" in carriage siding. As a result, many night trains do not cover their costs and have to be subsidised. In the TANA research project, concepts are being developed to increase the operating range of night trains by making their vehicle equipment suitable for use during the day. This will enable long-distance runs with better distribution functions in the preand post-carriage as well as operations exclusively during the day, which will avoid inefficient downtimes. The project clearly demonstrates whether and under what conditions night trains can be developed and put into service that are also suitable for use in daytime transport, taking into account the tight economic framework conditions. An overall system will be designed which, in addition to specific equipment features of the vehicles, will show suitable deployment scenarios, in some cases broken down into operational routes. The project will assess the economic efficiency and feasibility and propose concrete implementation measures.
Analysis of station's capacity regarding the applied interlocking system, on the example of the TENT Kalenic station
Authors: Aleksić Miodrag , Jovanović Predrag , Macura Dragana
Published: November 2024

Capacity of railway station is highly dependable on used interlocking system and traffic management pattern. Interlocking system's improvement requires significant financial resources, while traffic pattern could be changed by applying different management rules, depending on transport demand. This means that it is desirable to determine a certain trade-off between these parameters, up to the maximum capacity utilization index with the existing interlocking system. Several methods have been developed that consider given parameters for station capacity determination. In this paper we compare some of the methods for capacity determination, using the example of the Kalenic station, which was recently taken over by TENT from another industrial system.
Discussion of different topologies for station Resnik
Authors: Schoebel Andreas
Published: November 2024

The planned redesign of station Resnik in the south of Belgrade is a good example of questions popping up for the future track topology. Of course, it strongly depends on the traffic forecast and the planned timetable. The challenge is to find a solution which offers a high utilisation of station tracks but also some reserves for future demand. Thereby, operational conflicts should be minimised by the layout itself. Looking at the costs of such a measure, one half is the investment and the other half is the maintenance during the life cycle. Therefore, too many tracks and switches will require more maintenance than less infrastructure assets. In this paper several solutions will be presented and discussed upon their advantages and disadvantages.
Analysis of rail transportation services from the aspect of persons with disabilities: Section Belgrade-Novi Sad
Authors: Đorđević Dragan , Ristić Nikola , Stanišić Jasmina , Vozar Bojan
Published: November 2024

Pointing out and emphasizing the necessity of supporting persons with disabilities when using rail transportto increase the level of service provided, accessibility, and mobility for this demographic group in the Republic of Serbia is considered another necessary step for a better society. With the questionnaire related toservices in passenger rail transport, it is possible to receive the feedback from passengers on various aspects of train journeys and railway station utilization. The goal of the questionnaire is to provide railway operators with insight into the attitudes and needs of passengers so the service quality and travel experience could be improved. The presentation of such results is very important not only for persons with disabilities but also for wider professional audiences and decision-makers to identify deficiencies with the performed works on the railway infrastructure, thereby enabling improved problem-solving strategies and preventing the recurrence of similar issues at other locations.
Stoppage of RSR-owned wagons in freight operations
Authors: Pavlović Marko , Gajić Zoran , Cvijanović Snježana , Zelenković Dragan , Kovačević Nebojša
Published: November 2024

The stoppage of wagons in freight operations, particularly when the railway operator lacks a sufficient number of wagons in a specific series, adversely impacts the wagon turnaround cycle and freight traffic. This situation can potentially lead to negative consequences in fulfilling transport contracts and increased business costs, necessitating the use of foreign wagons to meet contracted freight transport volumes. This paper analyzes the stoppage of RSR-owned wagons in freight operations during the loading and unloading of various goods. The analysis considers the technology and methods used for loading and unloading, as well as the duration of wagon stoppages on handling and industrial tracks. It proposes improvements to the technological processes of loading and unloading wagons with the aim of reducing wagon stoppages in freight operations.
Analysis of the timetable from Sremska Mitrovica station to Šid station
Authors: Pejić Nataša
Published: November 2024

Transport services are the basic logistical support for human and economic activities. Timetable planning is of primary importance for the transport service quality. In this paper it is presented analysis of the timetable for the trains on the part railway line from Sremska Mitrovica station to Šid station. Analysed technical limitations and possible technological reserves during the exploitation process.
Optimization of shunting process at a passenger complex
Authors: Todorova Mirena
Published: November 2024

The technology of passenger station includes the flow of operations to service the movement of trains and shunting activity to the technical station representing a common railway complex providing the best service to passengers and using the available technical means. The shunting process at a passenger station consists of activities such as handling trains, taking them out of the technical station and their placement on tracks according to the train assembling plan. The paper examines the work of shunter teams and how the number of teams required to serve the passengers railway complex is determined. The study is aimed at possible improvement of shunting process based on a number of selected indicators theoretically worked out: the number and duration of shunting movements per duty; the number and duration of isolated movements; the stay and utilization of shunting teams; the relative occupancy of station tracks. The implementation of the current schedule for the movement of trains and the existing schedule plan for the work at the Sofia station was analyzed and a new one was developed to improve the work of the shunting teams. The developed new scheme of the shunting process ensures reducing the relative employment of shunting teams and the duration of shunting movements.
Lifecycle cost considerations of computer based level crossing protection systems
Authors: Lutovac Dejan , Lutovac Ana
Published: November 2024

This paper deals with the lifetime cost of various computer-based level crossing (CBL-xing) protection system. During the several decades of application CBL-xings protection systems have been following and unseeing the technological advances related to the electronic and computer based hardware. As a result, they use different hardware with various generation of processors and consequently, have various reliability characteristics. All CBL-xing systems have to have very high safety integrity level (SIL) in accordance with CENELEC standards. Usually SIL4 is required. Mostly they have two times two (fail-safe) architecture of the central control computer and a high degree of modularity to allow for the scalability and ability to equip all range of various applications. During the evolution of CBL-xing systems their control modules have experienced higher degree of integration and hence, contributed to minimise design, installation and testing time. Also, the technology advances are used for the realization of all CBL-xings modules, hence contributing to their increased reliability. The MTBF values of the modules of nowadays CBL-xing systems are significantly higher if compared with the MTBF values of some other systems that are realised in earlier time. Although all CBL-xings are mostly comparable from the safety point of view, they may significantly differ from the reliability point of view. The safety characteristics of a CBL-xing are usually required, considered and evaluated at the purchase time, but reliability requirements are often omitted. This approach can cause significant hidden costs during the long lifetime of a CBL-xing. The purpose of this paper is to show how much a CBL-xing system really cost during its lifetime and to demonstrate advantages of high reliable and low power consumption CBL-xings. Savings related to amount of spare parts, maintenance expenses and traffic delays, as well as electricity consumption costs during the 20 years of lifetime of a CBL-xing, are considered and highlighted.
Towards a universal computer based level crossing protection system
Authors: Lutovac Dejan , Lutovac Ana
Published: November 2024

This paper deals with the analysis of existing Computer Based Level crossing - CBL-xing protection systems in different countries and for different cases of application. Various types of CBL-xing protection systems are analysed depending on the place of application: in railway stations and on the open track between stations (equipped with an automatic multiple blocks or with ordinary inter-station single block dependence). Numerous functions that depend on the signalling principles and practice in different countries and on the place of application on the track that contribute to the complexity and diversity of these systems have been analysed. Common functions that are necessary for all types of systems and for all applications are recognized and stated. Certain disadvantages of existing solutions in terms of their safety, hardware complexity, time required for design and execution and cost-effectiveness were also recognised. Based on the analysis and knowledge of how the CBL-xing system works, as well as their interfaces with other safety signalling systems, a proposal is made for a universal CBL-xing system a standard system, practically independent of the track layout and country of application. The proposal implies the implementation of the minimum necessary common functionality on the CBL-xing side, while all other necessary functions should be implemented within the appropriate safety signalling devices (like a station interlocking system) with which the CBL-xing is in dependency. The proposed CBLxing system is an economical solution that also solves many of the above-mentioned disadvantages of existing solutions. Based on the above proposal, company Signalling & Control d.o.o., Belgrade has created one such CBL-xing called ELC (Electronic Level Crossing), which has been applied to the railways of Serbia for ten years.
Application of machine learning in the analysis of the web proxy server in railway traffic environment
Authors: Jevtić Dragan , Kuk Kristijan , Stojanović Vladica
Published: November 2024

The introduction of machine learning and anomaly detection classifiers in the process of supervision in the IT industry, opens up a new dimension in traffic analytics and decision-making for interventions in short periods. Case, described in his paper, needed a proxy server control for certain clients in the intranet network, clients in the traffic and transportation domain. The importance of those positions lies in the fact that the operation and control of traffic processes on the railway are monitored through these workstations. Since the National CERT of the Republic of Serbia issued a notice about possible threats via the Internet to users who have the Any Desk application on their workstations, the task was to analyze whether there is such a case with predefined workstations. The paper includes the analysis of event records from the proxy server using the Weka software package with the J48 classifier. The analysis included reports from the Weka program using a decision tree and the appropriate classifier.
Railway transportation as a cause of cadmium pollution
Authors: Dimitrijević Jelena , Zlatanović Elefterija , Bonić Zoran , Đorđević Dragan , Zafirovski Zlatko
Published: November 2024

A number of current studies have revealed that during regular railway operations, different kinds of heavy metals accumulate on the track and in the railway body. Cadmium stands out among pollutants, both in terms of the amount of excess and in terms of the severe harm it causes to human life and health. In the first place, the study discusses existing methodologies for detecting the presence of heavy metals in soil on the railway body or in the surrounding areas. Following current procedures, the results of individual study were discussed and compared to those of other researchers. The individual study was done considering a section along a railway in service, which verified that cadmium was present on the railroad. In addition, various sources and origins of cadmium were analyzed considering the railway transportation. All the presented researches imposed an urgent need to establish effective remediation measures against the harmful impact of cadmium.
Overview of methods for determining the capacity of the railway network
Authors: Varadinova Julia , Kostadinov Petar
Published: November 2024

The throughput and transport capacities of the railway sections, lines and network are characteristic technical and operational indicators showing the technical and organizational capabilities of the specified elements of railway transport for the realization of the volume of transported work. The report provides an overview of the methods used to determine the throughput on the railway network. The throughput capacity of a specific railway section was analyzed in connection with the ongoing and upcoming works on the implementation of a number of investment projects in the railway infrastructure and implementation of the ERTMS/ETCS system.
Possible scenario for VoIP collaboration solution in railway environment
Authors: Jevtić Sanja , Jevtić Dragan , Čisar Petar , Ketin Sonja , Ratković-Kovačević Nada
Published: November 2024

Collaboration solutions for corporate level are transforming and migrating, taking the best possible properties from all the contemporary ICT solutions have to offer. Railway companies consisting of infrastructure/freight/ passenger subdivisions could potentially benefit from all the collaboration vendors are implementing, Multiple transmission and communication platforms integrated in both administrative and traffic domains in railways are changing and it is sometimes unclear are railway applications loosing in this race. Scenario discussed in this paper could indicate a long-term platform evolving at the needed rate, overcoming hybrid periods easily, day-to-day migration of employees and divergence in personnel distribution.
Using new technologies to improve management control of electrical power plants of railways of the Republic of Srpska
Authors: Stevanović Goran , Ilinčić Zoran , Tomić Nebojša , Žigić Dragan , Popović Borislav
Published: November 2024

The paper will show the advantages of using a more technologically advanced and better software quality system of remote control of electric traction substation on the Railways of the Republic of Srpska, which replaced the old remote control system, and new methods of data collection were realized, a greater number of appropriate communication protocols in the operation of the system itself, reduced need for regular maintenance. Comparative values, the number of working hours on maintenance, and the advantages and disadvantages of both devices, for the reception and transmission of data in the remote control of electric traction substation compared to the former remote control system at the Railways of the Republic of Srpska, are shown in a table. The development of technology has expanded the requirements of the end user. , so the upgrade of the control devices and the new approach to the exploitation of the devices can be viewed through the prism of economic profitability and maximum utilization of the devices, as well as increased safety of railway traffic.
Monitoring and object detection on railway vehicle undercarriages using deep learning
Authors: Perić Marko , Miltenović Aleksandar , Stefanović-Marinović Jelena , Rangelov Damjan , Kostić Nikola
Published: November 2024

The rapid advancements in deep learning technologies are transforming the way visual inspections are conducted in the railway industry. Traditional methods of monitoring railway vehicles by human inspector are both labor-intensive and costly. To address these challenges, this paper focuses on the application of deep learning, specifically convolutional neural network (CNN) for automated object detection undercarriages of railway vehicles in real-time. The integration artificial inteligence solutions into railway monitoring especially for visual inspection of railway vehicles promises significant cost reductions, improved operational reliability, and enhanced safety standards. This paper also presents a case study demonstrating the effectiveness of CNN (YOLOv5) in detecting and identifying critical components in the undercarriage of railway vehicles, showcasing the potential of deep learning in the future of railway visual inspections.
Railway track deformation resulting from a curve near one level crossing
Authors: Dimitrijević Jelena , Milijić Marko , Cvetković Dušan
Published: November 2024

Numerous deformations and failures occur to the railway superstructure within a period of its projected life of use. The rails are the most exposed part of the superstructure for wear. In addition to transferring the vertical load from the vehicle to other elements of the superstructure and substructure, the rail, being in direct contact with the wheel of the vehicle, is subject to several other static and dynamic effects during traffic. In the case of a predicted impact, some procedures can be implemented to minimize rail wear and extend their service life. However, unfavorable circumstances arise, quickly reducing the service life of rails and might contribute to more serious accidents. The investigation focuses on the specific phenomenon of rail's head deformation and track lateral movement at the point of the curvature, when the curvature was placed next to one level crossing. A collection of field data has been studied for a variety of curves. The findings of this study revealed assumption that position of the curvatures in respect to the one-level crossing disrupts the geometry of the track, resulting in rail deformation, is not entirely valid.
Welding techniques tram rail 54G2 of R260 and block of Cogidur using FCAW-S process and fatigue testing of welded joint
Authors: Mitić Dragan , Jović Nikola , Gruber Davor , Milčić Dragan , Milčić Miodrag
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the welding technology used for joining tram-rail 54G2 (1.0623 Group ISO/TR 15608-11.3.) with a block of Cogidur (1.8715 Group ISO/TR 15608-3.2) using a self-shielded flux-cored wire in a butt welding process, supplemented by copper washers. The study includes a comprehensive analysis of the welded joint, NDT testing as visual testing (VT) and penetrant testing (PT), as well as macrostructure and hardness evaluations. Furthermore, the paper details the final fatigue testing of the welded specimen, conducted at the Technology Center in Reichshoffen, France. The results of fatigue testing offer valuable insights into the structural integrity of welded joints done advanced welding techniques in rail systems.
Preventive maintenance in railway vehicles using new technologies
Authors: Rangelov Damjan , Miltenović Aleksandar , Stamenković Dušan , Stojanović Lazar , Perić Marko
Published: November 2024

Preventive maintenance is essential for the safe and efficient operation of railway vehicles. This paper introduces a laser scanner system developed to measure critical wheel profile parameters, including the qR value (wheel profile conformity index), flange height (Sh), and flange thickness (Sd). These parameters are crucial for monitoring wheel wear and ensuring proper wheel-rail interaction. The laser scanning system provides real-time, high-precision measurements, enabling early detection of wear patterns that could lead to failures if left unaddressed. This non-contact, automated technology integrates seamlessly into existing maintenance workflows, reducing human error and enhancing decision-making capabilities. Maintenance teams can use the data to plan predictive interventions, reducing downtime, extending the life of both wheels and rails, and minimizing maintenance costs. The system has been tested in operational environments, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving the reliability and safety of railway vehicles. By offering a more efficient approach to wheel monitoring, this technology contributes to the future of predictive maintenance in the railway industry.
Program for passing professional exam for position of machine driver experience and challenges in future
Authors: Blagojević Aleksandar
Published: November 2024

The program of preparation for taking the professional exam for the position of train driver and the Program for taking the professional exam for the position of train driver are determined by the Rulebook on professional training, professional qualification and professional examination for the positions of railway workers, Annex 3, which was adopted by the Directorate of Railways on 30.05.2022 , Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia No. 66/22 of June 10, 2022. In order for the train driver trainee to be able to pass the professional exam, it is necessary to pass the preparation for taking the professional exam as well as to master the program for passing the professional exam. The period of preparation and the program for taking the professional exam was reviewed from the current situation, an analysis was made of the preparation and program for taking the professional exam for the position of train driver. The main recommendation is that it is necessary to introduce practicing on simulators into the training program, because some special cases are insufficiently practiced or excluded from practice during the preparation for the professional exam and can only be dealt with in theory.
Implementation of the new information system for financial management (ERP system) at ŽRS A.D. Doboj
Authors: Urumović Siniša , Kuravica Mladen , Božić Mladen , Urumović Biljana , Ilinčić Gordana
Published: November 2024

It has been observed that most business processes and activities at ŽRS are based on paper documentation or are only partially automated. With a view to eliminating the existing shortcomings, it has been proposed that the new information system should be one from a group of modern ERP systems (Enterprise Resource Planning System) which, with their functionalities, enable the connection of business processes and organizational units that execute those processes into a single system. The advanced capabilities of modern ERP systems enable support for the business processes of individual companies - members of the holding, but also of the holding as a whole. ERP systems are modularly designed, with each module supporting a group of related business functions. The implementation of the ERP system brings numerous benefits, the most significant of which are: integration, standardization, optimization and automation of business processes, increased efficiency, recording of changes in real time, single input and single database. The implementation of the ERP system brings major changes: existing software solutions are abandoned and new ones are introduced, there is a change/redesign of existing business processes and the methods the organization functions as a whole.
Research on the dynamics of railway vehicles using the software package Simpack Rail
Authors: Budrovac Ivica , Banić Milan
Published: November 2024

This thesis presents how modern software can be used to predict the behavior of railway vehicles and determine the dynamic quantities that affect vehicle safety and ride quality. The UIC518 standard, which provides information on all regulations concerning on-track testing and the analysis of results regarding the approval of railway vehicles for use, was utilized to determine the dynamic quantities and their limit values. This standard defines four scenarios or test zones in which vehicle testing must be conducted, differing in track layout and vehicle speed. In addition to the dynamic quantities prescribed by UIC-518, this thesis will measure two additional quantities not required by the standard: the WZ ride comfort index and the wheel and rail wear coefficient. The simulation of the railway vehicle's movement was performed using the Simpack Rail software package, where a complete model of a passenger vehicle was created. The LHB wagon, used on Indian Railways, was taken as an example of a passenger vehicle. The track was designed according to European standards with a gauge width of 1435 mm and a rail inclination of 1:40. The second, third, and fourth scenarios include curve radii ranging from large radii over 2000 m to curve radii of 250 m, where the rail superelevation for each scenario is 100 mm. The speed was chosen arbitrarily but within the limits defined by the standard. Due to the lack of data, track irregularities, which significantly affect safety and ride quality, are not included in this study. At the end of the thesis, the results obtained from the simulation are compared with the limit values according to UIC-518.
Biomimicry as a method for aerodynamic train design
Authors: Savićević Pavle , Tanasković Jovan
Published: November 2024

The aim of this thesis is to provide a broader picture that refers how to overcome one of the greatest and most challenging problem that will always remain relevant-solving the issue of aerodynamics in a traction rail vehicle, considering that air resistance accounts for 80% of the total traction resistance. The entire topic will be addressed through the design of trains inspired by nature, respecting its laws. We will return to that primordial view of the world, which provides answers to all questions. Biomimicry is the process of observing natural phenomena, flora, and fauna as models for sustainable design and engineering of various products and processes. In recent years, nature-inspired design has become a popular term. However, the idea is not new. Many technologies we use today are based on the principles of biomimicry. Biomimicry is no longer just a subject of study for scientists and academics. Many companies are now beginning to realize the potential benefits of biomimicry and are incorporating it into their business plans. One example of biomimicry in high-speed train design is replicating the shape of the kingfisher's beak to improve the aerodynamics of the train's front end. The long, aerodynamic beak of the kingfisher allows it to dive into water with minimal splash, thanks to its shape. By designing the front of the train to mimic the shape of the kingfisher's beak, engineers were able to reduce air resistance and noise, improving the overall performance of the train. This also solved the problem of the loud sonic boom that occurred when the train exited tunnels due to air pressure. Similarly, some engineers in Japan thought it would be interesting to apply the wing-folding mechanism of owls to improve the pantograph lowering mechanism, a device that draws electrical power from the overhead wires. Trains today move at extremely high speeds, constantly in the presence of the ground, nearby structures, and people, as well as passing through tunnels-all of which have always been challenges for aerodynamicists. Therefore, resorting to biomimicry as a method for aerodynamically designing trains has been characterized as a brilliant solution.
Analysis and optimization of maintenance operations EMU "Flirt 413"
Authors: Pantelić Dušan , Tanasković Jovan
Published: November 2024

The task of the master's thesis is the analysis of maintenance operations, such as the time required for the realization of regular inspections and extraordinary repairs. Analysis and normalization of operations aims to increase productivity in the maintenance process, which enables insight into deviations in the time required to perform some operations. Also, one of the tasks is to examine and consider the possibility of optimizing the maintenance process for certain activities, which have significant deviations compared to the times prescribed by the manufacturer. The collection of necessary data for the subject analysis shall be carried out by surveying respondents, employees of the company "SrbijaVoz a.d." and by directly measuring the time required for the implementation of certain operations, as well as detailed information regarding repairs. By analysis the measured times, from current cases, available resources and personnel, it could be concluded that some of simpler operations can be done in a shorter time, while some complex ones require more time. Further research in this area and the application of new maintenance technologies should contribute to the optimization of the maintenance process and the reduction of maintenance costs, while maintaining the required level of reliability and availability.
Party life in the Kingdom of Serbia at the end of 1902 and the beginning of 1903
Authors: Pešić Miroslav
Published: November 2024

The paper presents the life of political parties in the Kingdom of Serbia at the end of 1902 and the beginning of 1903. In an endeavour to strengthen his autocratic rule, King Aleksandar Obrenović dissolved the National Assembly elected during the mandate of the Government of Mihailo Vujić and imposed a new Constitution on 6 April 1901. After the resignation of the short-lived Government of Petar Velimirović, the cabinet of General Dimitrije Cincar-Marković was formed on 19 November 1902. The formation of this government was a sign that the last Obrenović wanted to return to the personal autocratic rule, as he had done in 1894. The opposition swiftly recognized the King's plans to change the Constitution and sharply attacked him through the press. The fierce opposition to Cincar Marković's Government included the liberals gathered around Jovan Avakumović, the independents, and the old radicals gathered around Nikola Pašić and Mihailo Vujić. On 6 April 1903, King Alexander temporarily suspended the 1901 Constitution in order to dissolve the Parliamentary Assembly and, only 45 minutes later, he issued the proclamation by which he restored the 1901 Constitution. As the National Assembly was dissolved by these two acts, the elections for the National Assembly and the Senate were scheduled for 1 June 1903. The re-establishment of the King's autocratic regime accelerated the conspirators' preparations of a coup d'état which was carried out on the night between 10 and 11 June 1903, when King Aleksandar Obrenović was killed. The new National Assembly adopted the 1903 Constitution and elected a new king, Petar Karađorđević.