bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preface
Authors: El-Jaichi Saer
Published: February 2017

I stedet for et abstract er her begyndelsen på indledningen: The contributions presented in this issue deal with a range of debates and questions in contemporary Arab-Islamic thought, focusing especially on the ideas, and key methodological approaches, of prominent twentieth-century Arabic-speaking thinkers who attempt in various ways, and from various intellectual positions, to revive (iḥyāʾ) and renew (tağdīd) the tradition of Islām against the backdrop of modern thought. Historically speaking, the endeavour toward reviving the cultural and religious legacy of Islām within the context of modernity began in the early nineteenth century in direct response to European invasions of the Muslim lands, starting with the Napoleonic invasion of Egypt in 1798. Indeed, in many ways, contemporary Arab-Islamic thought emerged in response to the shock of Western modernity – that is, the unexpected shock that left Muslims with a feeling of inferiority and backwardness vis-à-vis the Christian West due to the latter’s economic, political and technological advances, and military superiority. In the face of this somehow traumatic event, one question, which would be repeated countless times in ideological writings, historical studies, and even fictional works, became especially urgent: “Why did the Renaissance, which fostered the Age of Enlightenment, emerge out of Western thought, not Arab-Islamic thought?” Thus, when Muslim thinkers began to understand why modernity has arisen in the West, they were conscious of the close correlation between the development of European intellectual culture and its culmination in the (re)birth of the Renaissance culture in all its multifarious aspects. (...)
Transcending Institutionalized Islām, Approaching Diversity: ʿAbdelmağīd Šarfī’s Conception of a Qurʾānic Ethics of Liberation
Authors: Christensen Tina Dransfeldt
Published: February 2017

This article engages with the intellectual enterprise of Tunisian Professor Emeritus in Arab Civilization and Islamic Thought, ʿAbdelmağīd Šarfī. Šarfī is one among many Arab intellectuals who have engaged in a critical reading of the Qurʾān and the Islamic tradition in order to challenge the traditional Islamic disciplines and methodologies. Through his reading of the prophetic message as discourse rather than text, his interpretation of ‘the seal of the prophets’, and his conception of a Qurʾānic ethics of liberation, this article intend to discuss the difference between an engaged historical criticism, such as Šarfī’s, and the common conception of reformist Islam.
Interreligious Dialogue and Politics in Revolutionary Egypt
Authors: Hansen Henrik Lindberg
Published: February 2017

This article analyses the socio-political dynamics of religious belonging in Egyptian society prior to the revolution and how these have been carried into the revolutionary flux with a focus on official dialogue. Official dialogue, it is argued, is a dialogue form specific to Egyptian society and politics used as a way of negotiating interreligious relations and political ties. First the Egyptian concept of official dialogue as a socio-political phenomenon will be analysed applying theories from sociology and political science, followed by an analysis of how interreligious relations and official dialogue was influenced by the upheaval in socio-political structures following the 2011 revolution.
Reframing Interfaith Boundary Crossing and Maintenance: Middle Eastern Christians’ Narratives on Intimacy with Muslims
Authors: Jørgensen Anne Rosenlund
Published: February 2017

By exploring narratives of Middle Eastern Christians (MECs) in Denmark I want to open an important, yet overlooked, window on invisible intra-ethnic relations in an immigrant context in Denmark. The subject of research is negotiations of boundary maintenance and strategies for recovering from boundary crossings in cases of interfaith intimacies between MEC women and Muslim men in Denmark. The research focuses on different contextual aspects of intimate boundary crossing and argues that already at the stage of dating, the relationship challenges boundaries and erodes families and communities. In order to explore some very diverse narratives, I ask: How do MECs in Denmark, who carry experiences of intra-ethnic interfaith intimacies with Muslims, negotiate boundary maintenance at the levels of the individual, the family and the MEC community?
Le déni en alcoologie, à travers ce qu’il n’est pas
Authors: Menecier Pascal , Rotheval Loetitia , Plattier Sandrine , Fernandez Lydia , Ploton Louis
Published: February 2017

Le malade alcoolique est souvent redouté par la répétition de ses conduites, en référence au traditionnel « qui a bu, boira ». Il est aussi fréquemment réduit à une présupposée mauvaise foi et à des réticences à parler de ses troubles ou de lui-même, rapidement résumées sous le nom générique de déni.

La situation du soigné sera envisagée dans cet article, à travers ses possibles difficultés à communiquer et à investir le support de la parole, à la lumière de diverses références complémentaires neurocognitives (de négligence, d’anosognosie, d’apathie…) ou psychodynamiques (d’apsychognosie, d’alexithymie, d’altération de lecture de l’esprit de la théorie de l’esprit), délimitant ainsi en négatif les contours de la notion classique de déni en alcoologie.

Après avoir passé en revue la diversité des formes du déni, de ses présentations et de ses registres, le texte envisagera les fonctions de cette négation, la considérant essentiellement en alcoologie comme une dénégation, plutôt que comme un déni.

L’objectif de cette revue théorique est de proposer aux soignants de faire-avec et de s’adapter, plutôt que de simplement lutter contre. Enfin, et en contrepoint, la question du déni des soignants sera considérée comme une altérnative présente, voire prédominante.
Adaptation culturelle d’un programme de prévention universel des dépendances pour les enfants autochtones innus
Authors: Cotton Julie-Christine , Laventure Myriam , Joly Jacques
Published: February 2017

Plusieurs études canadiennes soulignent le manque de programmes adaptés pour les Autochtones dans le domaine des dépendances, particulièrement en prévention pour les jeunes habitant dans une communauté. À l’aide du modèle d’adaptation culturelle de Kumpfer et ses collègues (2008) et d’un devis mixte incorporé, cette étude vise à décrire l’adaptation en « profondeur » du programme de prévention des dépendancesSystème dpour des élèves en provenance d’une école innue du Québec. Pour le volet qualitatif, différents acteurs du milieu autochtone ont été consultés (un directeur d’école, deux enseignants, deux intervenants scolaires, six animateurs, neuf parents) afin d’adapter le programme en « profondeur ». Pour le volet quantitatif, des journaux de bord ont permis, d’une part, de cibler les activités ayant été réalisées et, d’autre part, de déterminer leur degré d’utilité perçue selon les animateurs et les enseignants des activités ayant été animées. Les principales adaptations apportées au programme concernent la durée des ateliers, les méthodes pédagogiques utilisées pour présenter les concepts et l’intégration de références culturelles autochtones. À la lumière de ces résultats, il est recommandé de poursuivre l’adaptation culturelle de ce programme pour ensuite valider sa pertinence culturelle au sein d’autres écoles autochtones et évaluer son efficacité.
Educomunicación y noticias científicas en los libros de Ciencias para el Mundo Contemporáneo.
Authors: Hernández Villalobos Lorenzo , Jiménez Liso María Rut
Published: February 2017

La asignatura Ciencias para el Mundo Contemporáneo contiene finalidades y objetivos ligados al desarrollo de las alfabetizaciones científica y mediática de todos los estudiantes de Bachillerato. En esta materia obligatoria el desarrollo de la competencia científica se plantea desde los conocimientos y habilidades científicos necesarios para comprender, participar y tomar decisiones sobre las controversias sociocientíficas en los medios de comunicación (Educomunicación). En este artículo mostramos un análisis de la presencia, del contenido y del tratamiento de las noticias científicas incluidas en los libros de texto de esta asignatura. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que sólo cinco editoriales incluyen noticias científicas actuales en sus libros de texto, situándolas en posiciones secundarias y anecdóticas (anexos). El análisis de contenido muestra que el criterio de selección de las noticias científicas se realiza en función de los bloques temáticos y no de la mayor presencia en los medios de comunicación (prensa), así como la mayoría de las noticias son eventos de investigación en vez de catástrofes o eventos políticos, mayoritarios en la prensa. La principal fuente de divulgación científica, es decir, las redes sociales (Twitter, Facebook), están ausentes en los libros de texto. Esto puede generar lejanía con el público receptor, los estudiantes de Bachillerato. Estos análisis contribuyen a reflexionar sobre la oportunidad perdida para la educomunicación de esta asignatura, que tiene sus días contados con la próxima implantación de la LOMCE.
Conocimiento Didáctico Del Contenido sobre el Modelo Cinético Molecular con Profesores Mexicanos de Educación Secundaria
Authors: Melo Lina , Marín-Resendiz Esther , Cañada Florentina , Martínez Guadalupe
Published: February 2017

Este trabajo analiza el conocimiento didáctico del contenido sobre el modelo cinético molecular de cuatro profesores de secundaria con experiencias, en los primeros años de enseñanza de un nuevo currículo en ciencias para secundaria en México, a través del análisis de contenido. Nuestros resultados muestran como las categorías relacionaas con las orientaciones sobre la enseñanza de las ciencias, el conocimiento curricular, el conocimiento sobre las estrategias de enseñanza y la evaluación, no dependen de la formación del profesorado y los años de experiencia. Sin embargo el conocimiento sobre el currículo si mantiene relación con la formación del profesorado.
Strategies for the page and strategies for the stage. The interplay of image and language
Authors: Maguin Jean-Marie
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT: The present study dwells on certain common features of the strategies followed by emblem books and by drama composed for the stages of the English Renaissance. These features include the expressive as well as the enigmatic dumb show, choric interventions, allegorical tableaux, and the uses of sententiæ in dramatic discourse. KEYWORDS: Shakespeare; Dumb Show; Choric Interventions; Allegorical Tableaux; Sentential.  RESUMEN: Este estudio se centra en ciertos rasgos comunes de las estrategias utilizadas en los libros de emblemas y en los dramas concebidos para su representación en los tablados del Renacimiento inglés. Estos rasgos incluyen tanto la pantomima por señas expresiva como la enigmática, las intervenciones del coro, retablos alegóricos, y los usos de sentencias en el discurso dramático. PALABRAS CLAVES: Shakespeare, pantomima por señas, intervenciones del coro, retablos alegóricos, sentencias.
Los retratos de Miguel de Cervantes: de la búsqueda del hombre al triunfo del mito
Authors: Lucía Megías José Manuel
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT: Miguel de Cervantes has his own gallery of images that have come down to posterity, but who painted the portraits of Miguel de  Cervantes that have been discovered over the course of time? Beginning with the verbal self-portrait of himself that Cervantes crafts in the prologue of his Novelas ejemplares (1613), this study traces the route of the different portraits sine 1738 that have been claimed as the true image of the author from Alcalá de Henares. It is a path that follows along the character known as Miguel de Cervantes, which has imposed itself on the myth, taking precedence over the man who lived during the Golden Age. KEYWORDS: Cervantes; Portrait; Cervantine Iconography; Juan de Jáuregui; visual falsifications.   RESUMEN: Miguel de Cervantes tiene su propio imaginario, pero  ¿a quién corresponden los retratos que a lo largo del tiempo se han ido descubriendo de Miguel de Cervantes? Partiendo del retrato en palabras del propio Cervantes en el prólogo de las Novelas ejemplares (1613), se hace un recorrido por los distintos retratos que desde 1738 se han presentado como la verdadera imagen del autor complutense. Un recorrido sobre la imagen de Miguel de Cervantes que ha dado forma visual al mito, superando al hombre que vivió durante el Siglo de Oro. PALABRAS CLAVES: Cervantes; retrato; iconografía cervantina; Juan de Jáuregui; falsificaciones visuales.
La representació de l’arbre en l’Arbre de ciència de Ramon Llull
Authors: Bonner Anthony , Soler Albert
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT: The abundant use of graphic material in the work of Ramon Llull makes for a space where words and images intersect. The figure of the tree which Llull describes verbally in his Arbre de ciència (1295-1296) is a complex and special case of the application of a rhetorical device called «ekphrasis». Despite the fact that the author did not envisage the possibility of making a visual representation, in the work's later transmission attempts were made to provide graphic images with results which were unsatisfactory for many reasons, of which the most important was the fact that Llull conceived of his tree as multidimensional. KEYWORDS: Llull; tree; ekphrasis.  RESUM: L’ús abundant de recursos gràfics en l’obra de Ramon Llull és un lloc de confluència de paraula i imatge. L’esquema arbori que Llull descriu verbalment al seu Arbre de ciència (1295-1296) és un cas complex i particular d’aplicació del recurs retòric anomenat «ècfrasi». Malgrat que originalment l’autor no va preveure la possibilitat de fer-ne una representació visual, en el procés de transmissió de l’obra hom va assajar en diverses ocasions de fer-ne una plasmació gràfica amb resultats decebedors per múltiples raons, la més important de les quals és que Llull va concebre un arbre multidimensional.PARAULES CLAUS: Llull; arbre; ècfrasi. RESUMEN: El uso abundante de recursos gráficos en la obra de Ramon Llull es un lugar de confluencia de palabra e imagen. El esquema arbóreo que Llull describe verbalment en su Arbre de ciència (1295-1296) es un caso complejo y particular de aplicación del recurso retórico llamado «écfrasis». A pesar de que originariamente el autor no previó la posibilidad de hacer una representación visual, en el proceso de transmisión de la obra se intentó en diverses ocasiones hacer una plasmación gràfica con resultados decepcionantes por múltiples razones, la más importante de las cuales es que Llull concibió un árbol multidimensional. PALABRAS CLAVES: Llull; árbol; écfrasis.
Mínguez Cornelles, Víctor y Rodríguez Moya, Inmaculada (eds). [2016], Visiones de un Imperio en fiesta.
Authors: Doménech García Sergi
Published: February 2017

Recensión del libro:MÍNGUEZ CORNELLES, Víctor y RODRÍGUEZ MOYA, Inmaculada (eds). [2016], Visiones de un Imperio en fiesta, Serie Leo Belgicus n. 4, Fundación Carlos de Amberes, Madrid, 396 pp.
Necrológica. Víctor Infantes de Miguel
Authors: García Mahíques Rafael
Published: February 2017

Víctor Infantes de Miguel. Vicepresidente de la Sociedad Española de Emblemática. Catedrático de Literatura Española de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. +1 de diciembre de 2016. Nota editorial: será dedicado el nº 9 de imago a Víctor Infantes, en donde publicaremos su semblanza.
A fitness trade-off between seasons causes multigenerational cycles in phenotype and population size
Authors: Betini Gustavo S , McAdam Andrew G , Griswold Cortland K , Norris D Ryan
Published: February 2017

Although seasonality is widespread and can cause fluctuations in the intensity and direction of natural selection, we have little information about the consequences of seasonal fitness trade-offs for population dynamics. Here we exposed populations of Drosophila melanogaster to repeated seasonal changes in resources across 58 generations and used experimental and mathematical approaches to investigate how viability selection on body size in the non-breeding season could affect demography. We show that opposing seasonal episodes of natural selection on body size interacted with both direct and delayed density dependence to cause populations to undergo predictable multigenerational density cycles. Our results provide evidence that seasonality can set the conditions for life-history trade-offs and density dependence, which can, in turn, interact to cause multigenerational population cycles.
Role of Tim17 in coupling the import motor to the translocation channel of the mitochondrial presequence translocase
Authors: Demishtein-Zohary Keren , Günsel Umut , Marom Milit , Banerjee Rupa , Neupert Walter , Azem Abdussalam , Mokranjac Dejana
Published: February 2017

The majority of mitochondrial proteins use N-terminal presequences for targeting to mitochondria and are translocated by the presequence translocase. During translocation, proteins, threaded through the channel in the inner membrane, are handed over to the import motor at the matrix face. Tim17 is an essential, membrane-embedded subunit of the translocase; however, its function is only poorly understood. Here, we functionally dissected its four predicted transmembrane (TM) segments. Mutations in TM1 and TM2 impaired the interaction of Tim17 with Tim23, component of the translocation channel, whereas mutations in TM3 compromised binding of the import motor. We identified residues in the matrix-facing region of Tim17 involved in binding of the import motor. Our results reveal functionally distinct roles of different regions of Tim17 and suggest how they may be involved in handing over the proteins, during their translocation into mitochondria, from the channel to the import motor of the presequence translocase.
Correlation Between Flow‐Mediated Dilatation of the Brachial Artery and Serum Endothelial Biomarkers in the Evaluation of Acute Endothelial Injury After Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Wang Wei‐Jian , Zhou Jia‐Hao , He Guo‐Liang , Wu Qiao‐Lin , Gao Wei , Sun Jie‐Hao , Zhang Peng‐Bo
Published: February 2017

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between flow‐mediated dilatation of the brachial artery and serum endothelial biomarkers and to discuss the feasibility of sonographic evaluation of acute endothelial injury during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery.

Methods

Sonography was applied to determine the percentage of change in the brachial artery size during flow‐mediated dilatation. Meanwhile, the plasma concentrations of endothelial‐derived biomarkers, such as endothelin 1, nitric oxide, and von Willebrand factor, were measured to monitor the changes in endothelial function. We analyzed the correlation between flow‐mediated dilatation and biomarkers during the perioperative period of CPB in 27 patients.

Results

All of the biomarkers changed dramatically, especially during the CPB period. There was a negative correlation between flow‐mediated dilatation and von Willebrand factor (P = .001; R = −0.31).

Conclusions

A CPB event has a substantial impact on endothelial function, and sonographic assessment of the percentage of change in the brachial artery size during flow‐mediated dilatation allows early detection of acute endothelial function injury in cardiac surgery.
Primary Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of the Thyroid: Two Case Reports and Review of the Literature
Authors: Wang Yanhai , Huang Liping , Lv Huina , Huang Ying , Li Dan
Published: February 2017

Primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the thyroid is an uncommon malignancy of the thyroid. Because it is rare, fewer than 20 cases have been reported in the literature, and the sonographic features of only 2 cases have been reported between the 1980s and 2014. Here we report 2 cases of primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the thyroid with an emphasis on the sonographic findings, and we review the published literature.
Dual inhibition of Akt and c‐Met as a second‐line therapy following acquired resistance to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Han Peng , Li Hali , Jiang Xian , Zhai Bo , Tan Gang , Zhao Dali , Qiao Haiquan , Liu Bing , Jiang Hongchi , Sun Xueying
Published: February 2017

Sorafenib displays a limited efficacy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Some patients with HCC initially respond to sorafenib, but eventually succumb to the disease, indicating that the acquired resistance to sorafenib reduces its beneficial effects. No alternative drugs are available after the failure of sorafenib therapy. Therefore, investigation of the mechanisms underlying the acquired resistance and development of second‐line treatments for sorafenib‐resistant HCC are urgently required. In this study, sorafenib‐resistant HCC cells generated from sorafenib‐sensitive human HCC cells were shown to overproduce hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and overexpress c‐Met kinase and its phosphorylated form, leading to the activation of Akt and ERK (extracellular signaling‐regulated kinase) pathways. Use of specific c‐Met inhibitors enhanced the effects of sorafenib by inhibiting the growth of sorafenib‐resistant HCC cells. Akt inhibitors, a class of second‐line therapeutic drugs under investigation for treating HCC in clinical trials, enhanced the effects of sorafenib, but also activated the c‐Met pathway in sorafenib‐resistant cells. Dual inhibition of Akt and c‐Met by their respective inhibitors, MK2206 and capmatinib, additively or synergistically suppressed sorafenib‐resistant HCC cells in vitro and sorafenib‐resistant HCC xenografts in mice. The anticancer activities of MK2206 mainly rely on its ability to induce cell apoptosis and autophagic death, while capmatinib treatment leads to cell cycle arrest at phase G1. These results provide strong evidence for further investigation on the clinical utility of dual inhibition of Akt and c‐Met, particularly MK2206 and capmatinib, as a second‐line therapy for advanced HCC that has acquired resistance to sorafenib.
Coherently modulated whistler mode waves simultaneously observed over unexpectedly large spatial scales
Authors: Li Jinxing , Bortnik Jacob , Li Wen , Thorne Richard M. , Ma Qianli , Chu Xiangning , Chen Lunjin , Kletzing Craig A. , Kurth William S. , Hospodarsky George B. , Wygant John , Breneman Aaron , Thaller Scott
Published: February 2017

Utilizing simultaneous twin Van Allen Probes observations of whistler mode waves at variable separations, we are able to distinguish the temporal variations from spatial variations, determine the coherence spatial scale, and suggest the possible mechanism of wave modulation. The two probes observed coherently modulated whistler mode waves simultaneously at an unexpectedly large distance up to ~4.3 RE over 3 h during a relatively quiet period. The modulation of 150–500 Hz plasmaspheric hiss was correlated with whistler mode waves measured outside the plasmasphere across 3 h in magnetic local time and 3 L shells, revealing that the modulation was temporal in nature. We suggest that the coherent modulation of whistler mode waves was associated with the coherent ULF waves measured over a large scale, which modulate the plasmaspheric density and result in the modulation of hiss waves via local amplification. In a later period, the 500–1500 Hz periodic rising‐tone whistler mode waves were strongly correlated when the two probes traversed large spatial regions and even across the plasmapause. These periodic rising‐tone emissions recurred with roughly the same period as the ULF wave, but there was no one‐to‐one correspondence, and a cross‐correlation analysis suggests that they possibly originated from large L shells although the actual cause needs further investigation.
Comparing the diurnal and seasonal variabilities of atmospheric and surface urban heat islands based on the Beijing urban meteorological network
Authors: Wang Kaicun , Jiang Shaojing , Wang Jiankai , Zhou Chunlüe , Wang Xiaoyan , Lee Xuhui
Published: February 2017

This study compared the diurnal and seasonal cycles of atmospheric and surface urban heat islands (UHIs) based on hourly air temperatures (Ta) collected at 65 out of 262 stations in Beijing and land surface temperature (Ts) derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer in the years 2013–2014. We found that the nighttime atmospheric and surface UHIs referenced to rural cropland stations exhibited significant seasonal cycles, with the highest in winter. However, the seasonal variations in the nighttime UHIs referenced to mountainous forest stations were negligible, because mountainous forests have a higher nighttime Ts in winter and a lower nighttime Ta in summer than rural croplands. Daytime surface UHIs showed strong seasonal cycles, with the highest in summer. The daytime atmospheric UHIs exhibited a similar but less seasonal cycle under clear‐sky conditions, which was not apparent under cloudy‐sky conditions. Atmospheric UHIs in urban parks were higher in daytime. Nighttime atmospheric UHIs are influenced by energy stored in urban materials during daytime and released during nighttime. The stronger anthropogenic heat release in winter causes atmospheric UHIs to increase with time during winter nights, but decrease with time during summer nights. The percentage of impervious surfaces is responsible for 49%–54% of the nighttime atmospheric UHI variability and 31%–38% of the daytime surface UHI variability. However, the nighttime surface UHI was nearly uncorrelated with the percentage of impervious surfaces around the urban stations.
A Dual‐Functional Persistently Luminescent Nanocomposite Enables Engineering of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Homing and Gene Therapy of Glioblastoma
Authors: Wu Shu‐Qi , Yang Cheng‐Xiong , Yan Xiu‐Ping
Published: February 2017

Therapeutically engineered mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have shown promising capability for glioblastoma (GBM) therapy; however, simultaneous tracking of their migration and long‐term fate is urgently needed for clinical application. This study shows the design and fabrication of a dual‐functional persistent luminescence nanocomposite (LPLNP‐PPT/TRAIL) for effective therapeutic engineering and tracking of MSC in the meantime. LPLNP‐PPT/TRAIL shows low‐toxicity, near‐infrared persistent luminescence emitting without in situ excitation, and superior in vivo deep brain tissue imaging, which can efficiently track the tumortropic migration of the therapeutic engineered MSC. Both in vitro and in vivo findings demonstrate the feasibility of LPLNP‐PPT/TRAIL engineered MSC for inducing apoptosis of glioblastoma cells. This work first establishes an LPLNP‐based dual‐functional platform for cell engineering and provides us implications for GBM‐related diagnosis and therapy.
Design of High Capacity Dissoluble Electrodes for All Transient Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhengyang , Fu Kun (Kelvin) , Liu Zhen , Yao Yonggang , Dai Jiaqi , Wang Yibo , Liu Boyang , Hu Liangbing
Published: February 2017

Transient electronics is an emerging engineering realm that requires materials, devices, and systematic designs with excellent and stable performance in regular operations, but to physically and chemically disappear at a prescribed time with controlled rates once being triggered by external stimulus, leaving no or minimum remnants. In this article, a high energy density rechargeable battery with a fully transient cathode based on tin (Sn)‐doped vanadium oxide (V2O5) is designed. Sn‐doped V2O5 nanofibers with a high mass loading of 12 mg cm−2 are prepared and no conducting additive or binder is added to fabricate full cells. The transient battery exhibits an areal capacity of 2 mAh cm−2 with a working voltage above 2.0 V and provides 0.27 mAh cm−2 capacity at a current as high as 17.76 mA cm−2. Once triggered by potassium hydroxide (KOH) aqueous solution, the full cell can be completely dissolved into the solution within a few minutes to achieve highly transient capability. This work provides a new approach to achieve an all‐transient lithium battery with high areal capacity for transient electronics applications.
In Situ Grown Pristine Cobalt Sulfide as Bifunctional Photocatalyst for Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Zheng Min , Ding Yong , Yu Li , Du Xiaoqiang , Zhao Yukun
Published: February 2017

Herein, transition metal chalcogenides of pristine cobalt sulfides are rationally designed to act as robust bifunctional photocatalysts for visible‐light‐driven water splitting for the first time. Through moderate solvothermal route, cobalt sulfides are synthesized in situ growth and observed by scanning electron microscope image analysis. Noteworthily, 3D hierarchical cobalt sulfides acting as bifunctional photocatalysts are implemented to catalyze the visible‐light‐driven oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction. This efficient, earth‐abundant, and nonnoble water splitting catalyst for artificial photosynthesis is thoroughly analyzed by various spectroscopic techniques with the aim of investigating its photocatalytic mechanism under visible‐light illumination. The main catalyst of CoS‐2 exhibits considerable H2 evolution rate of 1196 µmol h−1 g−1 and O2 yield of 63.5%. The efficient activity is attributed to the effective electron transfer between the photosensitizer and catalyst, which is verified by transient absorption experiments. The effective electron transfer between the photosensitizer and catalyst during water oxidation is verified by the dramatic decline of [Ru(bpy)3]3+ concentration in the presence of the catalyst CoS‐2. At the same time, transient absorption experiments support a rapid electron transfers from 3EY* (excited photosensitizer eosin‐Y) to the catalyst CoS‐2 for efficient hydrogen evolution.
Dry Transient Electronic Systems by Use of Materials that Sublime
Authors: Kim Bong Hoon , Kim Jae‐Hwan , Persano Luana , Hwang Suk‐Won , Lee Seungmin , Lee Jungyup , Yu Yongjoon , Kang Yongseon , Won Sang M. , Koo Jahyun , Cho Youn Kyoung , Hur Gyum , Banks Anthony , Song Jun‐Kyul , Won Phillip , Song Young Min , Jang Kyung‐In , Kang Daeshik , Lee Chi Hwan , Pisignano Dario , Rogers John A.
Published: February 2017

The recent emergence of materials for electronic systems that are capable of programmable self‐destruction and/or bio/eco‐resorption creates the potential for important classes of devices that cannot be easily addressed using conventional technologies, ranging from temporary biomedical implants to enviromentally benign environmental monitors to hardware secure data systems. Although most previous demonstrations rely on wet chemistry to initiate transient processes of degradation/decomposition, options in “dry transient electronic systems” could expand the range of possible uses. The work presented here introduces materials and composite systems in which sublimation under ambient conditions leads to mechanical fragmentation and disintegration of active devices upon disappearance of a supporting substrate, encapsulation layer, interlayer dielectric and/or gate dielectric. Examples span arrays of transistors based on silicon nanomembranes with specialized device designs to solar cells adapted from commercial components.
Kinetic Resolution of Aromatic β‐Amino Acids Using a Combination of Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase and Aminomutase Biocatalysts
Authors: Weise Nicholas J. , Ahmed Syed T. , Parmeggiani Fabio , Turner Nicholas J.
Published: February 2017

An enzymatic strategy for the preparation of (R)‐β‐arylalanines employing phenylalanine aminomutase and ammonia lyase (PAM and PAL) enzymes has been demonstrated. Candidate PAMs with the desired (S)‐selectivity from Streptomyces maritimus (EncP) and Bacillus sp. (PabH) were identified via sequence analysis using a well‐studied template sequence. The newly discovered PabH could be linked to the first ever proposed biosynthesis of pyloricidin‐like secondary metabolites and was shown to display better β‐lyase activity in many cases. In spite of this, a method combining the higher conversion of EncP with a strict α‐lyase from Anabaena variabilis (AvPAL) was found to be more amenable, allowing kinetic resolution of five racemic substrates and a preparative‐scale reaction with >98% (R) enantiomeric excess. This work represents an improved and enantiocomplementary method to existing biocatalytic strategies, allowing simple product separation and modular telescopic combination with a preceding chemical step using an achiral aldehyde as starting material.

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Advances in Organocatalytic 1,6‐Addition Reactions: Enantioselective Construction of Remote Stereogenic Centers
Authors: Chauhan Pankaj , Kaya Uğur , Enders Dieter
Published: February 2017

Due to the competing 1,4‐addition reactions and the distance from the chirality information, the construction of a remote stereogenic center via 1,6‐addition reactions is often regarded as a great challenge in asymmetric synthesis. Recently, the use of organocatalysts has provided new, excellent alternatives to activate the remote δ‐position and facilitate the enantioselective 1,6‐addition reactions. In this regard, different new activation modes have been devised and new types of substrates have been employed. This review describes all the recent developments in this area.

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Computational fluid dynamics‐based steam cracking furnace optimization using feedstock flow distribution
Authors: Zhang Yu , Reyniers Pieter A. , Schietekat Carl M. , Van Geem Kevin M. , Marin Guy B. , Du Wenli , Qian Feng
Published: February 2017

Nonuniform temperature fields in steam cracking furnaces caused by geometry factors such as burner positions, shadow effects, and asymmetry of the reactor coil layout are detrimental for product yields and run lengths. The techniques of adjusting burner firing (zone firing) and feedstock mass flow rate (pass balancing) have been practiced industrially to mitigate these effects but could only reduce the nonuniformities between the so‐called modules (a group of many coils). An extension of the pass balancing methodology is presented to further minimize the intra‐module nonuniformities, that is, variation between the coils within a module, in floor fired furnaces. Coupled furnace‐reactor computational fluid dynamics‐based simulations of an industrial ultraselective conversion (USC) furnace were performed to evaluate four different feedstock flow distribution schemes, realizing equal values for coil outlet temperature, propene/ethene mass ratio, maximum coking rate and maximum tube metal temperature (TMT), respectively, over all the reactor coils. It is shown that feedstock flow distribution creates a larger operating window and extends the run length. Out of the four cases, the coking rate as criterion leads to the highest yearly production capacity for ethene and propene. Uniform maximum coking rates boost the annual production capacity of the USC furnace with a nameplate ethene capacity of 130 103 metric tons per year with 1000 metric tons for ethene and 730 metric tons for propene. For industrial application, achieving uniform maximum TMT is more practical due to its measurability by advanced laser‐based techniques. Most steam cracking furnaces can be retrofitted by optimizing the dimensions of venturi nozzles that regulate the feedstock flow to the coils. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 3199–3213, 2017
Construction of Nine‐Membered Heterocycles through Palladium‐Catalyzed Formal [5+4] Cycloaddition
Authors: Yang Li‐Cheng , Rong Zi‐Qiang , Wang Ya‐Nong , Tan Zher Yin , Wang Min , Zhao Yu
Published: February 2017

The first catalytic formal [5+4] cycloaddition to prepare nine‐membered heterocycles is presented. Under palladium catalysis, the reaction of N‐tosyl azadienes and substituted vinylethylene carbonates (VECs) proceeds smoothly to produce benzofuran‐fused heterocycles in uniformly high efficiency. Highly diastereoselective functionalization of the nine‐membered heterocycles through peripheral attack is also demonstrated.
Silver nanoparticle‐decorated multiwalled carbon nanotube/pramipexole nanocomposite: Synthesis, characterization and application as an antibacterial agent
Authors: Shaham Ghazaleh , Veisi Hojat , Hekmati Malak
Published: February 2017

This work reports the preparation of multiwalled carbon nanotube/pramipexole/Ag (CNT/pra/Ag) as a novel antibacterial agent, in which pramipexole groups are utilized as linkers to secure Ag nanoparticles to carbon nanotube surfaces without agglomeration. The resulting CNT/pra/Ag sample was characterized by performing transmission and scanning electron microscopy, wavelength‐ and energy‐dispersive X‐ray, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, inductively coupled plasma and Raman measurements. Using this approach, monodisperse spherical Ag nanoparticles in CNT/pra/Ag have narrow size distributions with average diameters of ca 3–8 nm. The antibacterial activity of CNT/pra/Ag was investigated against bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin‐resistant S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli using the paper‐disc diffusion method and by determining the minimal inhibitory concentration. CNT/pra/Ag showed better inhibitory activity towards Gram‐positive bacteria than Gram‐negative bacteria in this study, which indicates its potential as an antibacterial material for laboratory and medical purposes.
Adaptive Non‐Linear Control of UPFC for Stability Enhancement in a Multimachine Power System Operating with a DFIG Based Wind Farm
Authors: Routray S.K. , Patnaik R.K. , Dash P.K.
Published: February 2017

An instantaneous converter power based adaptive second order sliding mode control for the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) in a multimachine power system penetrated with a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind farm is proposed in this paper. Instead of controlling the direct and quadrature‐axis currents of the series voltage source converter (VSC) of the UPFC, the instantaneous active and reactive power outputs are used as control variables. This mode of control dispenses the unmodelled dynamics of the VSC phase‐locked loop (PLL) system and produces a robust control for the active–reactive power, and DC voltage excursions. However, the PLL is used only to obtain the frequency component needed to generate the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal. In comparison to the first order sliding surface, the second order sliding surface provides very good robustness features, finite reaching time, and chattering free sliding mode behavior. Further, the proposed controller gains of the UPFC are chosen in accordance with the various constraints imposed by the second order sliding mode approach to provide significantly superior and robust performance for a number of diverse operating conditions of the network in comparison to the conventional sliding mode controller.
A case study involving single observation experiments performed over snowy Siberia using a coupled atmosphere‐land modelling system
Authors: Suzuki Kazuyoshi , Zupanski Milija , Zupanski Dusanka
Published: February 2017

Through a series of single observation experiments, we investigate forecast error covariance and correlation structures by applying the Maximum Likelihood Ensemble Filter (MLEF) data assimilation method with a coupled atmosphere–land surface model. We consider a coupled approach that includes the full complexity of the cross‐component covariance and correlation structures, specifically between 2‐m air temperature and snow temperature. We show that the error covariance and correlation are complex and are strongly dependent on both weather conditions and the land surface scheme, indicating a need for further investigation of the relevance of flow‐dependent ensemble covariance in coupled systems. We also demonstrate that the use of coupled error covariance methods improves the efficiency of information transfer between the atmosphere and the land surface by allowing the well‐observed atmosphere to influence land surface variables.
Untersuchungen zum Tragverhalten von Druckgurtanschlüssen in Hohlkastenbrücken
Authors: Müller Matthias , Maurer Reinhard
Published: February 2017

Bei der Nachrechnung älterer Spannbetonbrücken mit Hohlkastenquerschnitt werden derzeit häufig große rechnerische Defizite beim Nachweis der schubfesten Verbindung zwischen gedrückter Bodenplatte und den Stegen im Bereich der Zwischenunterstützungen festgestellt. Neben erhöhten Beanspruchungen als Folge stetig steigender Verkehrslastzahlen sind diese Defizite im Wesentlichen auf die mit Einführung der DIN‐Fachberichte für den Brückenbau im Jahr 2003 geänderten Bemessungsvorschriften zurückzuführen. In Deutschland erfolgt die Ermittlung des Tragwiderstands im GZT seither auf Grundlage des Fachwerkmodells mit Rissreibung. In den hier vorgestellten Untersuchungen wird gezeigt, dass die Übertragung dieses für Stegquerschnitte entwickelten Modells auf Druckgurte mechanisch nicht begründet ist und zu sehr konservativen Ergebnissen führt. Auf Basis der Ergebnisse numerischer und analytischer Betrachtungen werden Bemessungsmodelle entwickelt, die das Tragverhalten vorwiegend gedrückter Gurtbereiche realitätsnäher erfassen. Die Kalibrierung und Verifikation der FE‐Modelle erfolgt in den durchgeführten Untersuchungen stets durch den Vergleich mit Ergebnissen gut dokumentierter Versuche aus der Literatur.
Temperaturfeldberechnung für Brücken
Authors: Sanio David , Mark Peter , Ahrens Mark Alexander
Published: February 2017

In statisch unbestimmten Systemen erzeugen ungleichmäßige Erwärmungen Zwangsspannungen. Für die Berechnung und Bemessung von Brücken werden diese üblicherweise durch lineare Temperaturgradienten berücksichtigt. Neben dem ver tikalen Gradienten gilt die mittlere Querschnittstemperatur als bemessungsrelevant. Gängige Regelwerke geben für beide feste Einzelwerte bzw. vereinfachte Verteilungen für die Nachrechnung vor. Diese basieren auf Untersuchungen grundlegender Bauwerkstypen, die als repräsentativ für die Gesamtheit der Brücken angesehen werden. Die daraus abgeleiteten Kennwerte erfassen daher lokale, bauwerksspezifische – und ggf. beanspruchungsmindernde – Besonderheiten, regionale klimatische Unterschiede, Beschattungssituationen sowie die Ausrichtung des Bauwerks nicht.

Werden die relevanten Temperaturanteile aus einem Zeitverlauf des Temperaturfelds ermittelt, können die allgemeinen Kennwerte der Regelwerke durch bauwerksspezifische diskrete Verteilungen der Temperaturbeanspruchungen ersetzt werden. Im Beitrag wird gezeigt, wie die instationären Temperaturfelder mittels eines Tabellenkalkulationsprogramms unter Verwendung langzeitiger, lokaler Klimadaten berechnet werden können. Dazu wird die Fourier'sche Differenzialgleichung der Wärmeübertragung mit einem Finite‐Elemente‐Ansatz gelöst und um Randbedingungen der Wärmeübertragung durch äußere Einflüsse ergänzt. Besonderheiten und Eigenschaften des Verfahrens werden diskutiert und die Berechnungsergebnisse mit Messdaten eines Temperaturmonitorings an einer Spannbetonbrücke verglichen. Es zeigen sich gute Übereinstimmungen für das Temperaturfeld sowie die daraus abgeleiteten Größen wie die rechnerischen Temperaturgradienten.
Internal capsule: The homunculus distribution in the posterior limb
Authors: Qian Cheng , Tan Fei
Published: February 2017

Introduction

In our experience, sometimes, the symptom of patients who suffered from infarction in internal capsule (IC) do not necessarily fit the classical fiber distribution. This study aims to explain this phenomenon.

Methods and Materials

A total of 34 patients with infarction lesions in the IC were included in this study, according to the clinical symptom, divided into three groups, group A (more severe weakness of the foot than the hand), group B (more severe weakness of the hand than the foot) and group C (equal weakness of hand and foot), and group Y (with facial nerve paresis) and group N (without facial nerve paresis). Measurements included the length ratio and the angle degree of infarction lesions compared with the posterior limb of the IC (PLIC).

Results

The length ratio of infarction lesions is significant difference between group A and group B (p = .027), the angle degree of infarction lesions is significant difference between group Y and group N (p = .038).

Conclusion

From our results, we can conclude that the hand fibers are located laterally to foot fibers in the short axis of the posterior limb of the IC, and the face fibers are located in the premedial part of the posterior limb of the internal capsule.
Variance of the pectoralis major in relation to the inframammary fold and the pectoralis minor and its application to breast surgery
Authors: Baek Woo Yeol , Byun Il Hwan , Seok Kim Young , Jung Bok Ki , Yun In Sik , Roh Tai Suk
Published: February 2017

Understanding the anatomy of the muscles and other structures of the chest is of great importance in breast surgery. We have conducted the first analysis of the overall variations and relationships among the pectoralis major (PM), inframammary fold (IMF), and pectoralis minor (Pm). We studied 30 patients and 10 cadavers, leading to a total of 50 breasts. Preoperatively, the breast width was measured, and the costal origin of the lowest IMF point was marked. Intraoperatively, we recorded the costal origins of the PM and IMF, PM width, the distance between the PM and IMF, and the relationship and distance between the PM and Pm. Among the patients, PMs originated from the sixth rib in 80% and above the IMF in 66.67%. The mean distances between the PM and IMF were 10.5 mm in the patients and 16 mm in the cadavers. The mean PM/breast width ratio was 0.82 in the patients and 0.85 in the cadavers. The PM and Pm mostly crossed on the fourth or fifth rib, and the average angles between the two muscles were 23.5° and 21.4° in the patients and cadavers, respectively. This study is the first to analyze the anatomical variations of the PM, IMF, and Pm simultaneously. We also examined the differences between Western and Asian populations. Understanding the anatomy is undoubtedly crucial for breast surgery, and here we provide a firm guide to the variations to be expected during operations, which can lead to successful outcomes. Clin. Anat. 30:357–361, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Penetrating neck injury by a sickle
Authors: Parajuli Ramesh , Thapa Suman
Published: February 2017

Key Clinical Message

CT scan is the most important investigation in patients with penetrating neck injury in which it can show the extent of internal injury which may be overlooked. Without CT scan being performed, one should not try to remove foreign body by just pulling blindly, as it can injure vital structures.
Influence of the Ligand of Palladium(0) Complexes on the Rate of the Oxidative Addition of Aryl and Activated Alkyl Bromides: Csp2−Br versus Csp3−Br Reactivity and Selectivity
Authors: Noverges Pedro Bárbara , Medio‐Simón Mercedes , Jutand Anny
Published: February 2017

Kinetic data obtained by means of electrochemical techniques are used to characterize the reactivity of aryl bromides and activated alkyl bromides in the oxidative addition to palladium(0) complexes generated from three precursors: Pd0(PPh3)4, {Pd0(dba)2+2 PPh3} (dba=dibenzylideneacetone) and {Pd0(dba)2+2 P(o‐Tol)3} in dimethylformamide (DMF) at 25 °C. It is established that, for the investigated substrates 1–6 and 7–11, the oxidative addition at the Csp3−Br bond is much faster than that at the Csp2−Br bond if the palladium(0) is ligated by two PPh3. This explains why the regioselectivity in Suzuki–Miyaura reactions performed from substrates bearing both Csp2−Br and Csp3−Br groups is in favor of the substitution at the Csp3−Br bond. This is in agreement with DFT calculations, which propose a SN2‐type mechanism from the bis‐ligated Pd0(PPh3)2. The oxidative addition at the Csp2−Br bond is much faster if the palladium(0) is ligated by P(o‐Tol)3 than by PPh3, in agreement with the DFT calculations, which support a concerted mechanism involving the mono‐ligated Pd0[P(o‐Tol)3] as the reactive species. This explains why the regioselectivity in Suzuki–Miyaura reactions performed from substrates bearing both Csp2−Br and Csp3−Br groups might be in favor of the substitution at the Csp2−Br bond if the ligand is P(o‐Tol)3.