bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new magnetorheological quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolation system with large zero stiffness range and highly stable characteristics
Authors: Deng Lei , Sun Shuaishuai , Wu Qihao , Gong Ning , Yang Jiang , Zhang Shiwu , Du Haiping , Li Weihua
Published: April 2023

Various quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) systems have been developed and applied in the vibration control domain in recent years. However, most QZS systems are usually unstable against external disturbances, and the QZS ranges of them are very limited. To address the above issues, this study develops a highly stable QZS vibration isolation system integrated with magnetorheological fluids (MRFs). The MRFs endow the vibration isolation system with stiffness variability in vertical and lateral directions against external disturbances, which innovatively solves the unstable problem of the QZS system. Meanwhile, the stiffness variability also makes the system adaptable to vibrations with different frequencies, so the system can deliver the best vibration isolation performance in response to various excitations. The system consists of a vertical isolation unit and a lateral isolation unit. Through paralleling a nonlinear positive stiffness QZS component with a nonlinear negative stiffness QZS component in the vertical isolation unit, a large QZS range in the vertical direction and smaller stiffness are realised, thus improving the vibration isolation performance. In this study, the vibration isolation system is designed and prototyped; its QZS characteristics and adjustable stiffness features in both the vertical and lateral directions are experimentally verified; the frequency responses of the system are obtained experimentally; the stability and the vibration isolation performance of the system are also evaluated by experiments. This study provides a solution to overcome the unstable problem of QZS systems and extend the limited QZS range, whilst realising QZS characteristics in both vertical and lateral directions, thus broadening the application of QZS systems.
Individual changes in respiratory compliance upon immersion may predict susceptibility to immersion pulmonary edema.
Authors: Castagna Olivier , Druelle Arnaud , Michoud Guillaume , Prevautel Thibaut , Lacour Jean-René
Published: April 2023

Background Immersion pulmonary edema (IPE) is a frequent diving accident, it is the first cause of hospitalization for young military divers during training. The objective of this study was to identify immersion-induced parameters predicting individual susceptibility to IPE.
Methods Eighteen experienced male divers having completed at least 100 dives were recruited. Eight divers had previously been hospitalized for IPE (IPE), the other ten had never developed IPE (non-IPE). The two groups were matched for age, BMI, and number of dives performed. Ventilatory function and overall compliance of the respiratory system (Crs) were measured on land and during head-out-of-water immersion. Subjects also performed 30 min of fin swimming in a channel at 33m.min-1. Following this exercise, the presence of extravascular lung water (EVLW), revealed by ultrasound lung comets (ULC), was assessed.
Results
In the whole group, the decrease in Crs upon immersion correlated with the immersion-induced alterations to expiratory reserve volume, ERV (r2 = 0.91; p<0.001), inspiratory reserve volume, IRV (r2 = 0.94; p<0.001), and tidal volume,Vt, changes (r2 = 0.43; p<0.003). The number of ULC correlated strongly with immersion-induced changes in ventilatory function ( r2 = 0.818; p<0.001 for ERV, r2 = 0.849; p<0.001 for IRV, r2 = 0.304; p=0.0164 for Vt ) and reduced Crs (r2 = 0.19; p<0.001).
The variations of ERV, IRV, and Crs at rest induced by head-out-of-water immersion and the number of ULC measured after swimming for 30 min were significantly greater in IPE subjects
Conclusion . In the face of similar immersion stresses, the extent of alterations to ventilatory function and the number of ULCs were very different between individuals but remained statistically correlated. These parameters were significantly greater in divers with a history of IPE. Alterations to pulmonary function, and in particular to pulmonary compliance, induced by head-out-of-water immersion, through their effects on work of breathing appear to allow the identification of divers with a greater susceptibility to developing IPE. Measurement of these parameters could therefore be proposed as a predictive test for the risk of developing IPE.
Amplitude-Resolved Single Particle Spectrophotometry: A Robust Tool for High-Throughput Size Characterization of Plasmonic Nanoparticles
Authors: Calvo Rodrigo , Pini Valerio , Thon Andreas , Saad Asís , Salvador-Matar Antonio , Silván Miguel Manso , Ahumada Óscar
Published: April 2023

Plasmonic nanoparticles have a wide range of applications in science and industry. Despite the numerous synthesis methods reported in the literature over the last decades, achieving precise control over the size and shape of large nanoparticle populations remains a challenge. Since variations in size and shape significantly affect the plasmonic properties of nanoparticles, accurate metrological techniques to characterize their morphological features are essential. Here, we present a novel spectrophotometric method, called Amplitude-Resolved Single Particle Spectrophotometry that can measure the individual sizes of thousands of particles with nanometric accuracy in just a few minutes. This new method, based on the measurement of the scattering amplitude of each nanoparticle, overcomes some of the limitations observed in previous works and theoretically allows the characterization of nanoparticles of any size. As a proof of concept, we have characterized thousands of spherical nanoparticles of different sizes. This new method shows excellent accuracy, with less than a 3% discrepancy in a direct comparison with transmission electron microscopy. Although the effectiveness of this method has been demonstrated with spherical nanoparticles, its real strength lies in its adaptability to nanoparticles of arbitrary shape and geometry, making it an advantageous alternative to the gold standard of electron microscopy.
Oxygen-loaded microbubble-mediated sonoperfusion and oxygenation for neuroprotection after ischemic stroke reperfusion
Authors: Ho Yi-Ju , Cheng Hsiang-Lung , Liao Lun-De , Lin Yu-Chun , Tsai Hong-Chieh , Yeh Chih-Kuang
Published: April 2023

Background: Ischemic stroke-reperfusion (S/R) injury is a crucial issue in the protection of brain function after thrombolysis. The vasodilation induced by ultrasound (US)-stimulated microbubble cavitation has been applied to reduce S/R injury through sonoperfusion. The present study uses oxygen-loaded microbubbles (OMBs) with US stimulation to provide sonoperfusion and local oxygen therapy for the reduction of brain infarct size and neuroprotection after S/R.
Methods: The murine S/R model was established by photodynamic thrombosis and thrombolysis at the remote branch of the anterior cerebral artery. In vivo blood flow, partial oxygen pressure (pO2), and brain infarct staining were examined to analyze the validity of the animal model and OMB treatment results. The animal behaviors and measurement of the brain infarct area were used to evaluate long-term recovery of brain function.
Results: The percentage of blood flow was 45±3%, 70±3%, and 86±2% after 60 min stroke, 20 min reperfusion, and 10 min OMB treatment, respectively, demonstrating sonoperfusion, and the corresponding pO2 level was 60±1%, 76±2%, and 79±4%, showing reoxygenation. After 14 days of treatment, a 87±3% reduction in brain infarction and recovery of limb coordination were observed in S/R mice. The expression of NF-κB, HIF-1α, IL-1β, and MMP-9 was inhibited and that of eNOS, BDNF, Bcl2, and IL-10 was enhanced, indicating activation of anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis responses and neuroprotection. Our study demonstrated that OMB treatment combines the beneficial effects of sonoperfusion and local oxygen therapy to reduce brain infarction and activate neuroprotection to prevent S/R injury.
Learning curve of intraligamentary anesthesia in dental education: a prospective, cross- sectional trial
Authors: Luhrenberg Philipp , Renders Mirjam , Luhrenberg Felix , Sagheb Keyvan , Kämmerer Peer W.
Published: April 2023

Background This study aimed to investigate dental students' learning curve performing intraligamentary anesthesia (ILA) in a prospective cross-sectional preclinical trial using different syringe systems.Methods Dental students performed ILA using three devices (two manual and one computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system [CCLAD]) in two different sessions, each on a second premolar. The success rate was evaluated via a cold test, and students assessed penetration and injection pain using a numeric analog scale. Students' opinions about handling, nervousness, impact, and influence were evaluated via the Likert Scale.Results Seventy-six students participated and performed a total of 339 injections. The overall success rate increased (rate1 = 83.2%; rate2 = 86.0%; p = 0.157) while penetration and injection pain decreased between the first and the second session (pp < 0.01; pi = 0.37). In the second session, the anxiety and handling of each syringe system increased. Undesired reversible side effects occurred in 13% of cases.Conclusion Administering ILA in dental curricula has the potential to reduce students' anxiety levels, improve technical familiarity with ILA, and strengthen self-confidence before their first contact with patients.Clinical Relevance ILA should be implemented in dental education several times using various syringe systems.
Myofascial release as neuromotor support to improve the ineffective sucking ability in infants.
Authors: Arcusio Andrea , Villa Maria Cristina , Felloni Federica , Migliori Claudio
Published: April 2023

Background Breastfeeding plays a primary role in the events that characterize the development of the relationship between a mother and her newborn. However, this essential process sometimes does not fully cover the nutritional requirements of the newborn due to altered biomechanical sucking skills. In this context, adequate osteopathic treatment associated with neuromotor facilitation techniques could play a promoting role.Methods This study evaluated the effect of the osteopathic approach using myofascial release on 26 infants with ineffective sucking ability, identified by the POFRAS scale and LATCH score, compared with 26 untreated similar infants. After the procedure was initially performed in the hospital, the strategy based on basic neuromotor patterns was taught to the parents to be continued at home. The effects were measured at hospital discharge, during the first outpatient visit, which occurred after about seven days, and at one month of life.Results The number of valid and continuous suctions, initially less than five per feed in both groups, at the first outpatient check-up was significantly higher (p < 0.00001) in the treated group. Exclusive breastfeeding, initially present in all enrolled children, was maintained mainly in treated children, both at discharge (p < 0.003), at outpatient follow-up (p < 0.00001), and at one month of life (p < 0.00001). Differences in growth and health conditions were not found between the groups.Conclusion We believe that osteopathic treatment associated with neuromotor facilitation techniques can optimize newborns' sucking skills, improving the acquisition and duration of breastfeeding.
First reported case of Peptostreptococcus stomatis bacteremia in left orbit apex syndrome patient after dental repair
Authors: Wang Qihui , Li Fushun , Chen Jingjing , Zhang Han , Zhang Jingping , Nian Hua
Published: April 2023

Orbital apex syndrome is a life-threatening disease that is very rarely caused by anaerobic bacterial infections. In particular, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, a newly discovered species of Peptostreptococcus species, which is commonly thought to be associated with the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, there is no report that other site infections and bacteremia was caused by this organism. We firstly herein report a case of P.stomatis bacteremia in a 63-year-old woman who was diagnosed with left orbital apex syndrome and cellulitis of both eyelids originated from a dental reparation. This report illustrates the importance of using traditional methods and experience for identification when MALDI-TOF MS failed, which still facilitates the timely selection of appropriate antibiotics for treatment, thus achieving a favorable outcome.
Profiling of basal and ligand-dependent GPCR activities by means of a polyvalent cell-based high-throughput platform
Authors: Giguere Patrick , Zeghal Manel , Laroche Geneviève , Freitas Julia Douglas , Wang Rebecca
Published: April 2023

Representing the most attractive and successful druggable receptors of the proteome, GPCRs regulate a myriad of physiological and pathophysiological functions. Although over half of present pharmaceuticals target GPCRs, the advancement of drug discovery is hampered by a lack of adequate screening tools, the majority of which are limited to probing agonist-induced G-protein and β-arrestin-2-mediated events as a measure of receptor activation. Here, we develop Tango-Trio, a comprehensive cell-based high-throughput platform capable of the parallelized profiling of both basal and agonist-dependent GPCR activities. We capture the functional diversity of GPCRs, reporting β-arrestin-1/2 couplings, selectivities, and receptor internalization signatures across the GPCRome. Moreover, we present the first construction of dose-dependent basal activation curves at approximately 200 receptors, including over 50 orphans. Overall, Tango-Trio’s robustness is well-suited for the functional characterization and screening of GPCRs, especially for parallel interrogation, and is a valuable addition to the pharmacological toolbox.
The oral health of secondary school pupils: baseline data from the Brushing RemInder 4 Good oral HealTh (BRIGHT) trial
Authors: Innes Nicola , Marshman Zoe , Fairhurst Caroline , Elyousfi Sarab , Whiteside Katie , Ainsworth Hannah , Chestnutt Ivor , Day Peter , Dey Donna , Hewitt Catherine , Hicks Kate , Sykes Debbie , Pavitt Sue , Robertson Mark , Robison-Smith Lynn , Torgerson David , Turner Emma
Published: April 2023

Background
This paper describes the socio-demographics and oral health of secondary school pupils. They were participants of the BRIGHT trial, which was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a toothbrushing intervention to reduce dental caries.
Methods
Overall, 4680 pupils aged 11-13 years attending 42 secondary schools in England, Scotland, and Wales with above average proportion of pupils eligible for free school meals were recruited to the trial. Socio-demographic data were collected. Participants had a clinical assessment for caries, plaque and bleeding and completed measures of oral and general health-related quality of life and oral health behaviours (frequency of toothbrushing, dental attendance and cariogenic food/drinks consumed). Regression analyses were performed.
Results
Over one-third (34.7%) of participants had caries experience with 44.5% reporting their oral health had an impact on their daily lives. Factors associated with a statistically significant increased likelihood of caries experience were older age, females, eligibility for free school meals, worse oral health-related quality of life, higher cariogenic intake, less than twice-daily toothbrushing, living in a more deprived area and lower school attendance.
Conclusions
The prevalence and impact of dental caries on the lives of pupils remains high with further oral health promotion activities needed in targeted secondary schools.
Trial registration: ISRCTN12139369.
COVID-19 and Diagnosis Related Group In An Asian Middle-Income Country: Patient classifications and associated hospital costs
Authors: Azzeri Amirah , Yasim Mohamad Helmi Mohamad , Nizamuddin Muhammad Khairul Asraf Shah , Yahya Mohmmad Salleh , Dahlui Maznah , Samsudin Nadia , Jaafar Mohd Hafiz , Omar Sharifah Faridah Syed , Kamarulzaman Adeeba , Hasnan Nazirah , Bulgiba Awang
Published: April 2023

Background The COVID-19 pandemic impacted healthcare systems in many aspects, with the most immediate need being the increased healthcare burden and healthcare costs. This study aimed to determine the distribution of the disease and its costs of COVID-19 management in Malaysia.Methods Data on hospital admissions related to COVID-19 were coded with ICD-10 and ICD9-CM, and the combination generated DRG codes, which were A-4-13-I, A-4-13-II and A-4-13-III for mild, moderate and severe classification of COVID-19 respectively. Simultaneously, healthcare resource utilisation and costs were estimated for the codes through clinical pathways. The distribution of COVID-19 patients based on DRG was presented as frequencies and percentages while cost data were reported in US$ with the price year 2021.Results A total of 4889 patients with COVID-19 diagnosis were admitted to the hospital. Of that, 4813/4889(98%) had a primary diagnosis of COVID-19 while the remaining patients were admitted for other medical reasons, however, were found to be positive during the admission. 3909(81%) were admitted with mild COVID-19 (A-4-13-I), 630(13%) had moderate COVID-19 (A-4-13-II) and 274(6%) were admitted for severe COVID-19 (A-4-13-III). The cumulative hospital costs for mild COVID-19 (A-4-13-I) were estimated to be USD 1,543. While the cumulative hospital costs for both moderate COVID-19 (A-4-13-II) and severe COVID-19 (A-4-13-III) were estimated at USD 23,527 and USD 26,731 respectively.Conclusions The total costs incurred by the hospital for COVID-19 were estimated to be USD 19,259,153. COVID-19 resulted in significant economic implications for the healthcare system. This study provides local data and an assessment of the economic burden of Covid-19 infection in Malaysia.
“I’d like more options!”: Interviews to explore young people and family decision-making needs for pain management in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: April Karine Toupin , Gaboury Isabelle , Proulx Laurie , Huber Adam M , Duffy Ciarán M , Morgan Esi M , Li Linda C , Stringer Elizabeth , Connelly Mark , Weiss Jennifer E , Gibbon Michele , Sachs Hannah , Sivakumar Aditi , Sirois Alexandra , Sirotich Emily , Trehan Natasha , Abrahams Naomi , Cohen Janice S , Cavallo Sabrina , Hindi Tania El , Ragusa Marco , Légaré France , Brinkman William B , Fortin Paul R , Décary Simon , Lee Rebecca , Gmuca Sabrina , Paterson Gail , Tugwell Peter , Stinson Jennifer
Published: April 2023

Background Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a common pediatric rheumatic condition and is associated with symptoms such as joint pain that can negatively impact health-related quality of life. To effectively manage pain in JIA, young people, their families, and health care providers (HCPs) should be supported to discuss pain management options and make a shared decision. However, pain is often under-recognized, and pain management discussions are not optimal. No studies have explored decision-making needs for pain management in JIA using a shared decision making model. We sought to explore families’ decision-making needs with respect to pain management among young people with JIA, parents/caregivers, and HCPs.Methods We conducted semi-structured virtual or face-to-face individual interviews with young people with JIA 8–18 years of age, parents/caregivers and HCPs using a qualitative descriptive study design. We recruited participants online across Canada and the United States, from a hospital and from a quality improvement network. We used interview guides based on the Ottawa Decision Support Framework to assess decision-making needs. We audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and analyzed interviews using thematic analysis.Results A total of 12 young people (n = 6 children and n = 6 adolescents), 13 parents/caregivers and 11 HCPs participated in interviews. Pediatric HCPs were comprised of rheumatologists (n = 4), physical therapists (n = 3), rheumatology nurses (n = 2) and occupational therapists (n = 2). The following themes were identified: (1) need to assess pain in an accurate manner; (2) need to address pain in pediatric rheumatology consultations; (3) need for information on pain management options, especially nonpharmacological approaches; (4) importance of effectiveness, safety and ease of use of treatments; (5) need to discuss young people/families’ values and preferences for pain management options; and the (6) need for decision support. Themes were similar for young people, parents/caregivers and HCPs, although their respective importance varied.Conclusions Findings suggest a need for evidence-based information and communication about pain management options, which would be addressed by decision support interventions and HCP training in pain and shared decision making (SDM). Work is underway to develop such interventions and implement them into practice to improve pain management in JIA and in turn lead to better health outcomes.
Diabetes Care Cascade and Compliance with WHO Global Coverage Targets in Iran: Findings of STEPS Survey 2021
Authors: Azadnajafabad Sina , Ahmadi Naser , Rezaei Negar , Rashidi Mohammad-Mahdi , Moghaddam Sahar Saeedi , Mohammadi Esmaeil , Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen , Naderian Mohammadreza , Ghasemi Erfan , Farzi Yosef , Kazemi Ameneh , Dilmaghani-Marand Arezou , Yoosefi Moein , Rezaei Shahabeddin , Nasserinejad Maryam , Fattahi Nima , Rezaei Nazila , Haghshenas Rosa , Mehr Elmira Foroutan , Koolaji Sogol , Razi Farideh , Djalalinia Shirin , Larijani Bagher , Farzadfar Farshad
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to investigate the diabetes mellitus (DM) and prediabetes epidemiology, care cascade, and compliance with global coverage targets. We recruited the results of the nationally representative Iran STEPS Survey 2021. Diabetes and prediabetes were two main outcomes. Diabetes awareness, treatment coverage, and glycemic control were calculated for all population with diabetes to investigate the care cascade. Four global coverage targets for diabetes developed by the World Health Organization were adopted to assess the DM diagnosis and control status. Among 18 119 participants, the national prevalence of DM and prediabetes were 14.2% (95% confidence interval: 13.4–14.9) and 24.8% (23.9–25.7), respectively. The prevalence of DM treatment coverage was 65.0% (62.4–67.7), while the prevalence of good (HbA1C < 7%) glycemic control was 28.0% (25.0–31.0) among all individuals with diabetes. DM diagnosis and statin use statics were close to global targets (73.3% vs 80%, and 50.1% vs 60%); however, good glycemic control and strict blood pressure control statistics, were much way behind the goals (36.7% vs 80%, and 28.5% vs 80%). A major proportion of the Iranian population are affected by DM and prediabetes, and glycemic control is poorly achieved, indicating a sub-optimal care for diabetes and comorbidities like hypertension.
Comprehensive Analysis and Evaluation of the Geometric Errors of the Rotating Axis of Five-axis Double-pendulum Machine Tools Based on S-shaped Samples.
Authors: Wu Shi , Yuan Chunqiang , Yu Tai , Wang Yupeng , Zhang Yong
Published: April 2023

The geometric error of the rotation axis of a multi-axis machine tool is a highly sensitive error in the geometry error of the machine tool. Therefore, establishing an evaluation system for geometric errors of rotation axes is important for improving the machining accuracy of workpieces. First, a model for predicting the geometric error of the rotation axis was established based on the multi-body system theory, and then the mapping relationship between the geometric error of the rotation axis and each region with curvature changes in the S-shaped sample is identified. Next, based on the average value in seven different regions with curvature changes in the S-shaped sample, the weights of the mapping regions were calculated. Subsequently, the weights of the 12 geometric errors of the rotation axis (εx (A), εy (A), εz (A), (δx (A), (δy(A), (δz(A), (εx (C), εy (C), εz (C), (δx (C), (δy(C) and (δz(C)), and the weights of two rotation axes were identified to establish a comprehensive evaluation system for the geometric errors of rotation axes. Finally, an S-shaped sample was machined on the TuopuVMC-C50 five-axis CNC machine tool, and on-machine measurement experiments were conducted on two rotation axes with the established evaluation system. The results indicate that the relative error between the actual value and the theoretical value is less than 1.0%. Further, the comprehensive performance of the machine's rotation axes was evaluated step by step based on the theoretically calculated weight values.
Changes in land cover and atmospheric circulation are reducing rainfall in the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Hofmann Gabriel S. , Silva Rafael C. , Weber Eliseu J. , Barbosa Alexandre A. , Oliveira Luiz F. B. , Alves Ruy J. V. , Hasenack Heinrich , Schossler Venisse , Aquino Francisco E. , Cardoso Manoel F.
Published: April 2023

Here we analyze the trends of rainfall and the frequency of rainy days over the Brazilian Cerrado between 1960 and 2021 in four distinct periods according to the seasonal patterns over the region. We also evaluated trends in evapotranspiration, winds, and atmospheric humidity over the Cerrado to elucidate the possible reasons for the detected trends. We recorded a significant reduction in rainfall and frequency of rainy days in the northern and central Cerrado regions for all periods except at the beginning of the dry season. These findings are associated with the intensification of the South Atlantic High, which has been shifting atmospheric circulation and raising regional subsidence. Moreover, during the dry season and the beginning of the wet season, there was a reduction in regional evapotranspiration, which also potentially contributed to the rainfall reduction. Our results suggest broad environmental and social impacts that transcend the Cerrado boundaries.
Effects of maternal stress induced by predator cues on spatial learning and memory of offspring in the subterranean rodent Ctenomys talarum
Authors: Iribarne J , Bracchetta V ; , Kittlein M , Schleich C , Zenuto R
Published: April 2023

One of the main selection pressures to which animals are exposed in nature is predation, which affects a wide variety of biological traits. When the mother experiences this stressor during pregnancy and/or lactation, behavioral and physiological responses may be triggered in the offspring as well. Thus, in order to broaden and deepen knowledge on the transgenerational effects of predation stress, we evaluated how maternal stress experienced during pregnancy and/or lactation affects the spatial abilities of progeny at the onset of adulthood in the subterranean rodentCtenomys talarum. The results showed that, contrary to what was observed in other rodent species, maternal exposition to predator cues during pregnancy and lactation did not negatively affect the spatial abilities of the offspring, even registering some minor positive effects. Concomitantly, no effects of predatory cues on physiological parameters associated with stress were observed in the progeny. This difference in results between the present study and previous works on maternal stress highlights the importance of considering the species to be evaluated (strain, age and origin -wild or captive-) and the type of stressor used (artificial or natural, intensity of exposure) in the evaluation of the possible transgenerational effects of maternal stress.
Hand Injuries Requiring Surgical Intervention During the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022; A Retrospective Epidemiological Study
Authors: Omari Rand Y. , Salman Loay A. , Aljassem Ghanem , Misk Rami A. , Al-Omari Ahmad Y. , Muneer Mohammed , Allahham Salim
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Major sporting events worldwide are generally associated with higher incidence of violence from fans and visitors around the world, leading to higher number of injuries. The FIFA World Cup 2022 took place in Doha, Qatar from November 20th to December 18th, 2022. The aim of this study is to focus on the number of hand injuries during that time which required surgical intervention, and to provide a clinical description of these hand injuries.
Material and Methods:
Records of 103 patients with hand injuries were reviewed during the period of the FIFA World Cup 2022. The statistical software (IBM SPSS version 24; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for data analysis. Measures of variation and central tendency were used to summarize the patients’ main characteristics and epidemiological profile.
Results:
The mean age of the patients was 33.4 ± 11.7 years. The vast majority of patients were residents of Qatar (95%), while visitors accounted for only 5% of cases. The most common mechanism of injury was cutting penetrating (43%). Work-related injuries accounted for the majority of cases (55%).
Conclusion:
Our results indicated no significant increase in workflow during the month of the tournament, which the authors attribute to the high level of coordination between the organizing bodies. However, we recommend all hospitals in countries hosting such tournaments to be prepared for major incidents through logistical preparations, educational courses, and back-up plans of the surgeons on-call schedules to ensure smooth flow, patient safety and avoid staff fatigue.
Features of the Conversion of Ethylene in Air and Argon in a Barrier Discharge: Experiment and Modeling
Authors: Ryabov A. Yu. , Kudryashov S. V.
Published: April 2023

The oxidative and non-oxidative conversion of ethylene in a barrier discharge in the presence of water is studied. The use of a plasma-chemical reactor with a water film flowing down its walls allows efficient quenching of the formed reaction products, excluding their re-exposure to the discharge plasma. Oxidation of ethylene with air results in the formation of both oxygen-containing substances and gaseous hydrocarbons with a predominant content of acetylene. Saturated and unsaturated С1‒С5+ hydrocarbons with a predominance of compounds with four carbon atoms in the molecule are resulted from non-oxidative conversion of ethylene in an argon atmosphere. The level of ethylene conversion per pass of the reaction mixture through the plasma-chemical reactor is 12.8 and 58.9 wt% for oxidizing and non-oxidizing conditions, respectively. The efficiency of the reaction of ethylene dimerization into unsaturated hydrocarbon gases is shown in comparison with the reaction of its air oxidation into oxygenates. The results of theoretical calculations of electron energy losses in a barrier discharge for the case of air oxidation of ethylene reveal the preferential excitation of various states of nitrogen molecules. In the case of ethylene dimerization in argon, the number of excited ethylene molecules at the electronic levels increases, resulting in an increase of its conversion. A model of the chemical kinetics of ethylene conversion in a barrier discharge has been developed that includes more than 280 reactions. A good agreement between the calculated and experimental data has been obtained. New fundamental knowledge about the processes of decomposition of the ethylene molecule under the effect of electrons of a barrier discharge with an average energy of 4–5 eV have been gained through the experimentation with models.
Feasibility of Orbital Friction Stir Welding on Clad Pipes of Api X65 Psl 2 Steel and Inconel 625
Authors: Amavisca C. V. , Bergmann L. , Lessa C. R L. , Schroeder J. G. , Ramos F. D. , Lemos G. V. B. , Reguly A. , Klusemann B.
Published: April 2023

In this work, orbital friction stir welding (Orbital FSW) has been now developed in clad pipes, which is certainly of interest to the oil and gas industry. In this context, a system capable of performing sound joints in one pass with full tool penetration was developed. Therefore, orbital FSW was executed in clad pipes of 6 mm thick API X65 PSL2 steel and a 3 mm thick Inconel 625 with a polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (pcBN) tool. Furthermore, the metallurgical properties of the welded joints were investigated and discussed. Sound joints with axial forces of 45–50 kN, rotational speed of 400–500 rpm and welding speed of 2 mm/s were obtained, proving that the developed system can perform joints by orbital FSW without volumetric defects.
Sterically crowded thioamides: Deviations from planarity as determined by X- ray structure analyses and quantum chemical calculations
Authors: Voss Jürgen , Buddensiek Dirk
Published: April 2023

The structures of selected thiobenzamides and some corresponding benzamides with two more or less bulky N-substituents have been studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. The planarity of the thioamide moiety, i.e. the internal rotation about the Ar-CS and the C-N bond as well as the bending of the two N-substituents versus the thioamide plane, was determined from the data. The experimental data were corroborated by quantum chemical calculations of molecular ensembles in the crystal and, in particular, by Hirshfeld surface analysis.
Diet of the Otter Lutra lutra inhabiting a forest stream in SW Poland
Authors: Kopij Grzegorz , SZYMCZYK Katarzyna
Published: April 2023

Diet of the otter inhabiting a forest stream in SW Poland was studied in order to show the impact of the otter on fish and other aquatic animals. The diet was examined by means of spraint analysis. A total of 157 spraints were collected from 14 sites, and 605 prey items were extracted. Fish comprised the staple diet. It was supplemented by frogs, birds, small mammals and invertebrates. Fish were represented by at least 23 species belonging to seven families. Two families Cyrinidae and Percidae dominated the fish component of the diet (together 70.1%). The most numerous fish species consumed were Perca fluviatilis (24.1%) and Rutilus rutilus (12.1%). The otter diet was most diversified in the coldest months of the year (November-April; B = 10.0-10.5), and least in the warmest months of the year (July-August; B = 5.7). The niche breath was wider in 2006 (B = 12.2), compared with 2007 (B = 20.4). However, only the proportion of G. gobio and Esox lucius were statistically different in those two years compared. This study confirms previous findings that the otter is a generalist piscivorous predator hunting opportunistically on locally and seasonally most common fish species, mainly of low economic importance.
A comparative proteomics study revealing impact of growing region and cultivar on protein expression in the leaves of Nicotiana tabacum plant
Authors: Hu Yongxu , Chen Min , Li Gang , Wu Da , Zhang Xiangmin
Published: April 2023

The physical and chemical properties of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants are sensitive to changes in the genetics and environment. Yet few studies have investigated the effect of both cultivar and regional factor on tobacco quality on the proteomic level. Here, TMT-based quantitative proteomics method was used to investigate proteome profiling of different tobacco leaves under various geographical location. Proteins associated with sucrose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and amino acid metabolism were more abundant in tobacco plants from Yunnan. In contrast, proteins involve in response to heat were more abundant in tobacco plants from Henan. We found protein related to carbon metabolism and defense signaling plays an important role in the characteristic of different cultivar within the same region. In this work, we identified key proteins and pathway involved in response of Nicotiana tabacum to environmental change, and explored the proteomic differences induced by cultivars factor. Our results provide a better understanding on the effect of environment and cultivar on tobacco leaf proteome, which will be helpful for understanding the molecular mechanism of formation of tobacco characteristic quality.
Online music teaching model based on machine learning and neural network
Authors: Yuan Lihong
Published: April 2023

In order to improve the efficiency of online music teaching and the recognition efficiency of teachers, students and various music symbols, this paper builds an online music teaching model based on machine learning and neural network algorithms, and proposes an improved orthogonal moment sub-pixel relocation algorithm. On the basis of pixel-level edge detection, the Zernike orthogonal moment sub-pixel relocation algorithm is used, and the corner point set of the edge is obtained through the CPDA corner detection algorithm. Then, the corner sub-pixel relocation is performed on these corner point sets separately, so as to make up for the problem of low positioning accuracy of the corner position of the edge by the common edge sub-pixel relocation algorithm. In addition, on the basis of image and video feature recognition, this article combines actual music teaching needs to construct an online music teaching model and conduct an experimental analysis on the performance of the model. The research results show that the model algorithm constructed in this paper is effective and can be applied to practice.
Cloud Service for Rural Tourism Management based on Human-Computer Interaction System and Internet of Things
Authors: Min Liu
Published: April 2023

With the increasing variety of travel methods, traveling to the countryside has gradually become a way for people to pursue a simple life. However, what is lacking in rural tourism is a unified platform to provide users with information, and there is no way to provide humanized services. Our article is an information service system that discusses the current status of rural tourism, as well as some elements of mobile tourism and service design. The main goal of the research is to allow tourists to get better services in the information service system, so as to make travel more convenient and caring. Then it discussed the important factors affecting the development of rural tourism. The article analyzes the five stages of tourism, clarifies the service design process and the place for passenger communication, and summarizes the specific framework. In order to provide information-based travel services, the rural smart tourism information service system is ultimately used in the user's service products. The travel experience is used as a guide to design and change the travel APP.
Research on Application of 3D GIS in Urban Landscape Based on Speech Recognition System
Authors: Shan Pengyu , Sun Wan
Published: April 2023

Landscaping and design are designed to meet the needs of people for leisure, entertainment, production and life. The natural landscape is the main part and combined with artificial beautification technology to create a space landscape. Modern planning and design mainly focus on environmental protection and the sustainable development of natural resources. As a natural way of human communication, speech has inherent advantages as a means of human-computer interaction. Automatic speech recognition should enable computers to "understand" human speech and convert speech sequences into text sequences. With the development of deep learning, speech recognition based on deep neural networks has become more and more common. There are currently two frameworks for internal speech recognition modeling: hybrid framework and end-to-end architecture. In this case, this work focuses on the various problems of speech recognition modeling in the two architectures. Based on local topographic maps, remote sensing image maps and various baseline survey data, this paper explores the planning area, uses technology to extract and analyze the spatial data of the research area, and create digital elevation models, remote sensing images, and maps The sounding above forms a virtual three-dimensional environment of the study area. On this basis, the landscape elements are analyzed from the perspectives, topography and spatial pattern to create urban landscapes. The planning and design are based on a comprehensive and intuitive spatial model, which is used to formulate a reasonable anti-urban security plan, with the landscape map of the area as a reference point.
Biomonitoring, simulation, and evaluation of anthropogenic pollution in Disam River, Iran: use of macro-invertebrates based biotic indices and Qual2kw model
Authors: Asadisharif Ehsan , Namin Javid Imanpoure , Taheriyoun Masoud
Published: April 2023

This study evaluates the water quality and self-purification status of the Disam River through biotic indices of macro-invertebrates and mathematical modeling (Qual2kw). A total of 10,370 macro-invertebrates were collected by a Surber sampler at five sample points from 2019 to 2020. Based on HFBI and ASPT, stations 2 and 3 were categorized in "Moderate" and "Very poor" classes and the EPT categorized the river as "Good", while the BMWP classified it as" Acceptable". Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was employed to elucidate the relationships between biotic indices and physicochemical parameters. The EPT displayed a positive correlation (axis1 = 1/43, axis2 = 0.065) with most of the physicochemical parameters of the Qual2kw. The results of comparing the output of the Qual2kw with the occurrence of the macro-invertebrates show that the Chironomidae family had the most dominance (S2 = 37.66% and S3 = 47.33%) in all seasons (except summer), while in summer, the Baetidae showed the most occurrence in S2(79%) and S3(78%) and has a positive Coefficient with temperature rise(r = 0.21) and velocity reduction(r = 0.053). The analysis of BOD and DO curve data showed that the process of self-purification is carried out along Disam River. These findings highlight the importance of the simultaneous study of biotic indices and mathematical modeling of the physicochemical parameters to assess the “ecological integrity” and flexibility of aquatic ecosystems following the fluctuations of anthropogenic impact.
RETRACTED: Color matching between resin cements and try-in pastes in glass ceramics at different thicknesses
Authors: Ozdogan Alper , Erdas Gizem , Gulmez Ozge , Karatas Furkan
Published: April 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Application of Intelligent Obstacle Avoidance Algorithm Combined with Internet of Things Technology in Navigation
Authors: Guo Yu , Wang Wei
Published: April 2023

With the prosperity and development of the Maritime Silk Road, China's maritime industry has reached a new height. While the maritime transport industry has been vigorously developed, it has also brought great challenges to safe navigation. To realize intelligent navigation, effectively prevent maritime collision accidents, and improve navigation safety, a structural model of intelligent navigation obstacle avoidance platform based on Internet of Things technology is first proposed. Then the research combines the analytic hierarchy process, artificial neural network and BP neural network algorithm, and introduces environmental factors to design an optimized intelligent navigation obstacle avoidance algorithm, so that the algorithm can make real-time intelligent adjustment strategies according to the changes of the actual environment. Finally, the collision risk at the location of the research ship is judged, and the priority list of obstacle avoidance is constructed by the risk value between different ships and the research ship, providing reference for the pilot. The research results show that the prediction accuracy of I-INOA algorithm is 97.83%. In the two obstacle avoidance experiments, the decision-making efficiency of the four ships based on I-IONA algorithm is the highest, which is 1. In practical application, the priority list of obstacle avoidance is P, O and S2. In conclusion, I-INOA algorithm has better performance and practicability, enabling the research ship to respond more intelligently and quickly.
A Virilizing Malignant Steroid Cell Tumor-Leydig Cell Subtype in a 24-Year-Old Palestinian Female with Challenging Histopathological and Biochemical Features: A Case Report
Authors: Arafat Hasan , Khaldy Marah , Munshar Ahmad Abu , Zughayyar Amer
Published: April 2023

Background: Ovarian steroid cell tumors are a rare subtype of sex-cord stromal cell tumors. Overall, these tumors make less than 0.1% of all ovarian tumors. These neoplasms can be divided according to the cell of origin into stromal luteomas, Leydig cell tumors, and steroid cell tumors not otherwise specified. These tumors can be benign or malignant, with variable presentation.
Case presentation: We report a case of 24-year-old virgin Palestinian female who was referred to our hospital after being diagnosed with steroid cell tumor-not otherwise specified. Prior to her admission, the patient had been treated unsuccessfully with oral contraceptive pills due to male-pattern facial hair growth, abdominal cramps and irregular menstrual cycle. The patient did not improve. Ultrasonography demonstrated a large abdominal mass measuring 13x14 cm. Computed tomography confirmed the presence of a large pelvic mass with mixed solid and cystic component, displacing bowel loops peripherally. Hormonal studies showed an elevated dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and morning fasting cortisol. Therefore, unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed, pathological and immunohistochemical examination suggested the presence of a large ovarian steroid cell tumor-not otherwise specified with malignant behavior. The patient did not receive adjuvant therapy and developed metastatic disease. She received 4 cycles of BEP with no improvement, so she was referred to our center to continue oncological management. Case revision confirmed the presence of steroid cell tumor, but of a different subtype, Leydig cell, she received 6 cycles of carboplatin-paclitaxel, albeit inconsistently, her assessment showed disease progression. The patient was referred back to her local hospital to continue management there.
Conclusion: Although rare, ovarian steroid cell tumors should be included in the differential diagnosis of virilization in young females, especially those refractory to hormonal therapy. In our study, we aimed to present the first reported Palestinian case, which highlights the importance of detailed morphological examination in addition to the difficulties encountered to reach a proper diagnosis. We also provided a review of the existing literature regarding chemotherapeutic lines used in such cases and the response to each.
Bioethanol Production from Rice Straw: Economic Drivers and Environmental Challenges in Egypt
Authors: Abulnour Abdelghani M. G. , Sayed Marwa M. El , Sorour Mohamed H. , Tewfik Shadia R. , Hani Heba A. , Shalaan Hayam
Published: April 2023

The uncontrolled burning of agricultural residues, results in excessive release of CO2 which is the main contributor to the climate change. This practice which is widely adopted particularly in developing countries, presents severe adverse impacts on public health and environment. Utilization of agricultural residues for bioethanol production presents the second generation (G2) for biofuels production. The aim of the current work is to provide technical and financial aspects of bioethanol production from agricultural residues. The technical aspect is emphasized on rice straw (RS) as a feedstock for production, as it is the feedstock most available in abundant quantities for large scale applications. For a facility handling 100,000 t/y rice straw under Egyptian condition the total investment costs have been estimated to be about $115 million with the cost of bioethanol produced estimated to be about $1.2/L. The economic drivers for establishing large scale bioethanol production are addressed in view of the pressure exerted for mitigating environmental challenges associated with the excessive use of fossil fuel.