bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cold model investigation of mixing-separation time distribution in a multi-element process coupled cyclone reactor for ionic liquid-catalyzed isobutane/butene alkylation
Authors: Zhang Mingyang , Li Xiaoyu , Li Shijie , Gao Yan , Wang Zhenbo , Zhang Linhua , Zhang Hao , Li Bin
Published: September 2019

The residence time distributions of a dispersed phase in a multi-element process coupled cyclone reactor for ionic liquid-catalyzed isobutane/butene alkylation were numerically studied with a CFD method.
Antibacterial activity ofLitsea cubebaessential oil and its mechanism againstBotrytis cinerea
Authors: Wang Liqun , Hu Wei , Deng Jiao , Liu Xin , Zhou Jun , Li Xiangzhou
Published: September 2019

Litsea cubebaessential oil (LCEO) extracted from the fruit of theLitseatree is a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic agent that has been used to treat ailments for thousands of years in China.
Enzymatic synthesis of biobased aliphatic–aromatic oligoesters using 5,5′-bis(hydroxymethyl)furoin as a building block
Authors: Baraldi Serena , Fantin Giancarlo , Di Carmine Graziano , Ragno Daniele , Brandolese Arianna , Massi Alessandro , Bortolini Olga , Marchetti Nicola , Giovannini Pier Paolo
Published: September 2019

Fully bio-based linear oligoesters were obtained by the unprecedented enzymatic polymerization of 5,5′-bis(hydroxymethyl)furoin with succinic and sebacic acid diethyl esters.
A bio-inspired synthesis of hybrid flavonoids from 2-hydroxychalcone driven by visible light
Authors: Gao Yu-Qi , Hou Yi , Zhu Liming , Chen Guzhou , Xu Dongyang , Zhang Sheng-Yong , He Yupeng , Xie Weiqing
Published: September 2019

An efficient protocol for the synthesis of hybrid flavonoids was achieved via a bio-inspired tandem reaction of 2-hydroxychalcone with various nucleophiles.
Profiling the combinations of multiple representations used in large-class teaching: pathways to inclusive practices
Authors: Ferreira João Elias Vidueira , Lawrie Gwendolyn Angela
Published: September 2019

Teachers select multiple representations and adopt multiple visualization approaches in supporting their students to make meaning of chemical phenomena. Representational competence underpins students’ construction of their mental models of concepts thus it is important that teachers consider this while developing instructional resources. In tertiary chemistry, teachers typically use PowerPoint slides to guide lectures. This instructional resource is transferred between different teachers each semester and, while the sequence of topics are likely to be discussed and agreed upon, the content of the slides can evolve organically in this shared resource over time. The aim of this study was to analyse a teacher-generated resource in the form of a consensus set of course slides to characterise the combination and diversity in representations that students had encountered. This study was set in a unique context since the semester's lecture slides represented a distillation of consensus representations used by multiple chemistry lecturers for at least a decade. The representations included: those created by the lecturers; textbook images (from several texts); photographs and images sourced from the internet. Individual representations in each PowerPoint slide were coded in terms of the level of representation, mode and potential function in supporting deeper understanding of chemistry concepts. Three representational organizing frameworks (functional taxonomy of multiple representations, modes of representation and the chemistry triplet levels of thinking) were integrated to categorise the representations. This qualitative data was subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis and several relationships between the categories and topics taught were identified. Additional qualitative data in the form of student reflections on the perceived utility of specific representations were collected at the end of the semester. The findings from this study inform the design and choice of instructional resources for general chemistry particularly in combining representations to support deeper learning of concepts. A broader goal and application of the findings of this study is to identify opportunities for translation of representations into alternative modalities to widen access and participation in learning chemistry for all students. An example of a strategy for translating representations into tactile modes for teaching the topic of phase change is shared.
Quantification of energy of activation to supramolecular nanofibre formation reveals enthalpic and entropic effects and morphological consequence
Authors: Samperi Mario , Pérez-García Lluïsa , Amabilino David B.
Published: September 2019

The dimensions of supramolecular fibres formed from a system that starts far from equilibrium because of fast solvent – anti-solvent mixing is determined by the balance between enthalpy and entropy in different solvent mixtures.
Enhanced coupling through π-stacking in imidazole-based molecular junctions
Authors: Fu Tianren , Smith Shanelle , Camarasa-Gómez María , Yu Xiaofang , Xue Jiayi , Nuckolls Colin , Evers Ferdinand , Venkataraman Latha , Wei Sujun
Published: September 2019

We demonstrate that imidazole based π–π stacked dimers form strong and efficient conductance pathways in single-molecule junctions using the scanning-tunneling microscope-break junction (STM-BJ) technique and density functional theory-based calculations.
High-resolution photoelectron imaging and resonant photoelectron spectroscopy via noncovalently bound excited states of cryogenically cooled anions
Authors: Zhu Guo-Zhu , Wang Lai-Sheng
Published: September 2019

Noncovalently bound excited states of anions have led to the development of resonant photoelectron spectroscopy with rich vibrational and dynamical information.
Enolization rates control mono- versus di-fluorination of 1,3-dicarbonyl derivatives
Authors: Rozatian Neshat , Beeby Andrew , Ashworth Ian W. , Sandford Graham , Hodgson David R. W.
Published: September 2019

All rate constants for fluorination and enolization are determined.
Highly mesoporous Fe and N Co-doped graphitic catalysts prepared from short-time synthesis of precursor towards highly efficient oxygen reduction
Authors: Gan Zu Zhong , Sheng Zhao Min , Huang Huan , Dai Xian You , Niu Rui Liang , Jia Run Ping
Published: September 2019

Fe and N co-doped graphitic catalysts were prepared with a high mesopore volume and graphitic structure towards efficient oxygen reduction reaction.
Comparative well-to-wheel life cycle assessment of OME3–5 synfuel production via the power-to-liquid pathway
Authors: Hank Christoph , Lazar Lukas , Mantei Franz , Ouda Mohamed , White Robin J. , Smolinka Tom , Schaadt Achim , Hebling Christopher , Henning Hans-Martin
Published: September 2019

In this study, a holistic well-to-wheel (WtW) life cycle assessment of the production and utilization of short oligomers of OME3–5 as produced via a Power-to-Liquid (PtL) pathway has been conducted.
Almond shell derived porous carbon for a high-performance anode of microbial fuel cells
Authors: Li Meizhen , Ci Suqin , Ding Yichun , Wen Zhenhai
Published: September 2019

The biomass of almond shells is used as a source for preparation of porous carbon that performs impressively as the anode of a microbial fuel cell.
A first porphyrin liquid crystal with strong fluorescence in both solution and aggregated states based on the AIE-FRET effect
Authors: Guo Hongyu , Zheng Sining , Chen Shibin , Han Chenyang , Yang Fafu
Published: September 2019

A novel diphenylacrylonitrile–porphyrin derivative exhibited a hexagonal columnar mesophase with strong fluorescence in the aggregated state for the first time.
Microcrystalline cellulose-derived porous carbons with defective sites for electrochemical applications
Authors: Lu Hao , Zhuang Linzhou , Gaddam Rohit Ranganathan , Sun Xiaoming , Xiao Changlong , Duignan Timothy , Zhu Zhonghua , Zhao X. S.
Published: September 2019

Microcrystalline cellulose-derived porous carbons with intrinsic defects and low-level nitrogen doping prepared at 600 °C exhibited both excellent electrocapacitive and electrocatalytic performances.
Liquid phase exfoliation of antimonene: systematic optimization, characterization and electrocatalytic properties
Authors: Gibaja Carlos , Assebban Mhamed , Torres Iñigo , Fickert Michael , Sanchis-Gual Roger , Brotons Isaac , Paz Wendel S. , Palacios Juan José , Michel Enrique G. , Abellán Gonzalo , Zamora Félix
Published: September 2019

Antimonene, a novel group 15 two-dimensional material, is attracting great attention due to its outstanding physical and chemical properties.
Enhanced catalytic activity of SOx-incorporated graphene for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Lee Chi Ho , Nam Eun Bi , Lee Sang Uck
Published: September 2019

SOx incorporation enhances the catalytic activity of carbon-based nanostructures in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
An intelligent and portable power storage device able to visualize the energy status
Authors: Liu Lei , Zhang Qianqian , Du Kai , He Zhibing , Wang Tao , Yi Yong , Wang Mengying , Zhong Xiaolan , Dong Guobo , Diao Xungang
Published: September 2019

Electrochromic power storage devices integrate energy storage and electrochromic behavior into a single full cell that can enable the visualization of the energy status by the naked eyes.
An interfacial crosslinking strategy to fabricate an ultrathin two-dimensional composite of silicon oxycarbide-enwrapped silicon nanoparticles for high-performance lithium storage
Authors: Huang Junlong , Leng Kunyi , Chen Yongqi , Chen Luyi , Liu Shaohong , Khan Shaukat , Wu Dingcai , Fu Ruowen
Published: September 2019

An interfacial crosslinking strategy to fabricate an ultrathin two-dimensional composite of silicon oxycarbide-enwrapped silicon nanoparticles for high-performance lithium storage.
Two-dimensional MoS2–melamine hybrid nanostructures for enhanced catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Kwak In Hye , Kwon Ik Seon , Debela Tekalign Terfa , Seo Jaemin , Ahn Jae-Pyoung , Yoo Seung Jo , Kim Jin-Gyu , Park Jeunghee , Kang Hong Seok
Published: September 2019

Two-dimensional MoS2–melamine hybrid nanostructures exhibit excellent catalytic activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction.
A network of porous carbon/ZnCo2O4 nanotubes derived from shell-hybridized worm-like micelles for lithium storage
Authors: Li Huiya , Lv Leilei , Wang Weichong , Huang Xiayun , Chen Daoyong
Published: September 2019

In this work, hybrid carbon/ZnxCo3−xO4 (ZCO) nanotube (HCNT) networks have been efficiently prepared, using highly pure, uniform and long core-crosslinked polymeric worm-like micelles (PWs) with a small diameter and a 3D interacting shell as the 1D template.
Accelerated proton transmission in metal–organic frameworks for the efficient reduction of CO2in aqueous solutions
Authors: Mao Fangxin , Jin Yan-Huan , Liu Peng Fei , Yang Pengfei , Zhang Le , Chen Luyang , Cao Xiao-Ming , Gu Jinlou , Yang Hua Gui
Published: September 2019

The accelerated proton transmission in the MOFs modulates the catalysis pathwayviaconcerted proton–electron transfer (CPET), lowering the energy barrier and achieving approximately 100% faradaic efficiency for turning CO2to CO in water.
Three-dimensional nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon quantum dots/reduced graphene oxide composite aerogels with a hierarchical porous structure as superior electrode materials for supercapacitors
Authors: Li Jingying , Yun Xiaoru , Hu Zhongliang , Xi Liujiang , Li Na , Tang Heng , Lu Pengcheng , Zhu Yirong
Published: September 2019

A novel 3D N, P-CQDs/rGO composite aerogel with a hierarchical porous structure is prepared, and excellent supercapacitive properties are achieved.
Free-standing N,Co-codoped TiO2 nanoparticles for LiO2-based Li–O2 batteries
Authors: Bai Wen-Long , Xu Shu-Mao , Xu Cheng-Yang , Zhang Qiang , Wang Hong-Hui , Zhang Zhen , Chen Xin , Dong Sheng-Yang , Liu Yu-Si , Xu Zhi-Xin , Zhang Xiao-Gang , Wang Zhen , Wang Kai-Xue , Chen Jie-Sheng
Published: September 2019

N and Co co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles grown on carbon fibers are employed to facilitate the formation and stabilization of LiO2.
Deciphering of cerebrovasculatures via ICG-assisted NIR-II fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Yu Xiaoming , Feng Zhe , Cai Zhaochong , Jiang Minxiao , Xue Dingwei , Zhu Liang , Zhang Yi , Liu Juan , Que Bujun , Yang Wei , Xi Wang , Zhang Dan , Qian Jun , Li Gonghui
Published: September 2019

Benefiting from excellent spatial resolution and penetration depth, ICG-assisted NIR-II (900–1700 nm) fluorescence microscopy is promising for clinical applications, especially in accurate theranostics of cerebrovascular diseases and malignancies.
Identifying the active site of ultrathin NiCo LDH as an efficient peroxidase mimic with superior substrate affinity for sensitive detection of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Sun Yue , Xu Hai , Zhao Xi , Hui Zengyu , Yu Chenyang , Wang Lumin , Xue Jialu , Zhao Yue , Zhou Ruicong , Dai Henghan , Miao Chunyang , Chen Qiang , Zhou Jinyuan , Sun Gengzhi , Huang Wei
Published: September 2019

Ultra-thin NiCo LDH was synthesized as a nanozyme for sensitive colorimetric detection of H2O2 and its active site was identified.
Dynamic covalent conjugated polymer epitaxy on graphene
Authors: Assies Lea , Fu Chaoying , Kovaříček Petr , Bastl Zdeněk , Drogowska Karolina A. , Lang Jan , Guerra Valentino L. P. , Samorì Paolo , Orgiu Emanuele , Perepichka Dmitrii F. , Kalbáč Martin
Published: September 2019

Covalently dynamic polymers self-assemble on graphene crystalline epitaxial layers to for 2-D heterostructures.
Highly coloured and electrophoretically active polymer microparticlesviastaggered dispersion polymerisation in supercritical carbon dioxide and dodecane
Authors: McAllister Thomas D. , Bennett Thomas M. , Petrillo Chiara , Topping Claire , Farrand Louise D. , Smith Nathan , Howdle Steven M.
Published: September 2019

Well-defined, strongly coloured and electrophoretically active poly(methyl methacrylate) microparticles in one-pot,viadispersion polymerisation in supercritical carbon dioxide and dodecane.
Enhanced photovoltaic efficiency and persisted photoresponse switchability in LaVO3/Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 perovskite heterostructures
Authors: Cheng Shengliang , Fan Zhen , Zhao Lei , Guo Haizhong , Zheng Dongfeng , Chen Zoufei , Guo Min , Jiang Yue , Wu Sujuan , Zhang Zhang , Gao Jinwei , Lu Xubing , Zhou Guofu , Gao Xingsen , Liu Jun-Ming
Published: September 2019

A LaVO3/Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 perovskite heterostructure exhibits both a photovoltaic efficiency of ∼0.01% (AM1.5G) and, simultaneously, a switched photovoltage of above 1 V.
Highly efficient electroluminescence from evaporation- and solution-processable orange–red thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters
Authors: Wang Binyan , Yang Hannan , Zhang Yaxing , Xie Guohua , Ran Huijuan , Wang Tao , Fu Qiang , Ren Yitao , Sun Ning , Zhao Guangtao , Hu Jian-Yong , Wang Qiang
Published: September 2019

Orange and red thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters have been developed for high performance vacuum-deposited and solution-processable organic light-emitting diodes.
Characteristic synergistic cytotoxic effects toward cells in graphene oxide dressing with cadmium and copper ions
Authors: Dong Yiyang , Chang Yulin , Gao Haidi , León Anchustegui Victoria Arantza , Yu Qiang , Wang Haifang , Liu Jia-Hui , Wang Shihui
Published: September 2019

The increasing applications of graphene oxide (GO) in bio-medicine, environment and other fields enhance the exposure possibility of human beings to GO. Studies have been performed to address the in vitro toxicity of GO; however, little information on the in vivo biological consequence of GO with other common disasters is available, especially when cells are co-exposed to GO and common metal ions. To explore the influence and possible mechanisms of such co-exposure scenarios, a series of tests of cell viability, membrane integrity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell morphology, and Cd2+ distribution, were conducted. The results showed that the synergistic toxic mechanisms of GO and Cd2+, initiated from the adhesion of GO on HeLa cells, and followed by the recruitment of Cd2+ ions around the cell membrane, impaired the membrane integrity, morphology and adhesion capability, and triggered cell toxicity. The synergistic toxic mechanism of GO and Cu2+ mainly correlated to ROS, while no obvious relationship with membrane integrity was observed. The findings are envisaged to facilitate the application of GO in biology and related fields.
Microstructural and Fluency Characteristics of Narrative and Expository Discourse in Adolescents With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Lundine Jennifer P. , Barron Heath D.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this exploratory study was to identify specific microstructural and fluency differences in expository and narrative summaries produced by students with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) compared to students with typical development (TD).

Method

Five adolescents with TBI and 5 matched peers with TD verbally summarized 1 narrative and 2 expository (compare–contrast, cause–effect) lectures, creating 30 summaries. Researchers transcribed summaries and used paired
t
tests to analyze between-group differences in microstructural measures (productivity, lexical diversity, syntactic complexity), mazing behaviors, and pausing patterns.

Results

Youth with TBI produced significantly fewer utterances than teens with TD in both expository contexts, whereas youth with TD produced a significantly greater mean length of C-unit than teens with TBI in the narrative summary only. Youth with TBI produced significantly fewer filled pauses per utterance than did youth with TD during the cause–effect summary only and significantly more pauses per utterance and within-clause pauses per utterance during the compare–contrast summary. Where findings were statistically significant, effect sizes were large. There were no statistically significant between-group differences in mazing or pausing behaviors during narrative summary production.

Conclusions

This study is the 1st to compare microstructural and fluency characteristics in teens with TBI and those without when producing verbal summaries of a narrative and 2 types of expository passages. Findings from this study reinforce the need to expand research focusing on expository discourse tasks and identify variables that may be prone to disruption following TBI. Future work is needed to confirm whether identified differences correspond to true discourse difficulties.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9807812
Validity Evidence for the LittlEARS Early Speech Production Questionnaire: An English-Speaking, Canadian Sample
Authors: Daub Olivia , Cardy Janis Oram , Johnson Andrew M. , Bagatto Marlene P.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

This study reports validity evidence for an English translation of the LittlEARS Early Speech Production Questionnaire (LEESPQ). The LEESPQ was designed to support early spoken language outcome monitoring in young children who are deaf/hard of hearing.

Methods

Data from 90 children with normal hearing, ages 0–18 months, are reported. Parents completed the LEESPQ in addition to a concurrent measure of spoken language development, the Receptive-Expressive Emergent Language Test–Third Edition. Normal hearing status and development were confirmed.

Results

Traditional scale analyses, in addition to item parameters, are reported. The LEESPQ was highly correlated with the Receptive-Expressive Emergent Language Test–Third Edition (r= .92) and age (r= .90) and had high internal consistency (Ω = 0.92). Common factor analysis revealed 2 underlying factors conceptually mapping onto items measuring vocal and symbolic development. A latent traits model was the best fit to the data, and item difficulty broadly conformed to theoretical expectations.

Conclusions

The present work demonstrates that the LEESPQ accurately captures early spoken language development in a typically developing group of young children. The LEESPQ holds promise as a clinically feasible, spoken language outcome monitoring tool. Future work to identify differences in performance characteristics between typically developing children and clinical populations is warranted.
Speech Perception Skills of Children With Speech Sound Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hearnshaw Stephanie , Baker Elise , Munro Natalie
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate whether preschool- and early school–age children with speech sound disorders (SSDs) have difficulties with speech perception.

Method

Systematic searching of 8 electronic databases identified 73 eligible studies across 71 articles examining the speech perception skills of children with SSDs. The findings and methodological characteristics of each study were reviewed, and the reporting of methodological information in each article was rated. A meta-analysis was conducted with studies that used the most common type of speech perception assessment task—lexical and/or phonetic judgment tasks.

Results

Across 60 of 73 studies, some or all children with SSDs were reported to have difficulties with speech perception. The meta-analysis showed a significant difference between children with SSDs and children with typically developing speech on lexical and/or phonetic judgment tasks.

Conclusion

Results from the meta-analysis demonstrate that children with SSDs have difficulties with speech perception. This appears to be the case for some but not all children with SSDs. The findings from this systematic review and meta-analysis also provide insight into the complex range of methodological issues involved in the study of speech perception in children with SSDs and the need for further research.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9808361
Maligne Hyperthermie: pharmakologische Therapie – Update 2019
Authors: Schuster Frank , Johannsen Stephan
Published: September 2019

Die maligne Hyperthermie (MH) ist eine subklinische, autosomal-dominant vererbte, pharmakogenetische Erkrankung der Skelettmuskulatur, die durch alle klinisch eingesetzten volatilen Anästhetika (Sevofluran, Desfluran, Isofluran) und das depolarisierende Muskelrelaxans Succinylcholin bei disponierten Patienten ausgelöst werden kann. Durch die Einführung von Dantrolen konnte die Sterblichkeit von vorher über 80% auf deutlich unter 10% reduziert werden. Zur initialen Therapie einer MH wird ein Bolus von 2,5 mg/kg Dantrolen bezogen auf das tatsächliche Patientengewicht verabreicht. Abhängig vom klinischen Verlauf muss dieser gegebenenfalls wiederholt werden. Teilweise sind wiederholte Dantrolen-Gaben bis 10 mg/kg/24 h für eine erfolgreiche Behandlung notwendig. Um im Notfall zeitnah therapeutische Maßnahmen einleiten zu können, wird in der deutschen S1-Leitlinie von 2018 die Bevorratung von 36 – 48 Ampullen Dantrolen 20 mg empfohlen. In Bereichen, in denen konsequent keine MH-Triggersubstanzen eingesetzt werden, kann auf eine Dantrolen-Vorhaltung verzichtet werden. Die Herstellung der injektionsfertigen Lösung ist aufgrund der schlechten Löslichkeit der Dantrolen-Trockensubstanz zeit- und personalintensiv. Ryanodex, eine nanokristalline Suspension von Dantrolen-Natrium, kann deutlich schneller gelöst werden und könnte bei der Therapie der MH eine effizientere Alternative darstellen.
Patient Preferences between Minimum Volume Thresholds and Nationwide Healthcare Provision: the Example of Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Burkamp Jasper , Bühn Stefanie , Pieper Dawid
Published: September 2019

Objective The aim of this study is to investigate, whether patients in Germany are willing to travel a longer time to a certain hospital in order to receive a better treatment (lower 90-days mortality, lower risk of revision) in elective total knee arthroplasty. In addition, we analyzed which characteristics determined patient preference.

Methods The participants were recruited via random samples of registration offices and hospitals. All have undergone discrete choice experiments for the outcomes mortality and revision. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the patientʼs preference. Logistic regression models were applied to identify characteristics that influence decision making.

Results 71.7% (mortality) and 86.11% (revision) of the respondents are willing to travel a longer time in order to lower their surgical risk. The amount of people that are willing to do so is even larger in the subgroup recruited in the hospital (78.5% respectively 90.7%).

Conclusion The majority of the participants are willing to travel longer to lower their surgical risk for elective knee arthroplasty. It has to be considered, that the population under study might not be representative. Patientʼs preferences corresponds with the aim of introducing minimum volume thresholds. Future studies should focus on other indications and outcomes.
„Status thymolymphaticus“ – ein Risiko bei Narkosen?
Authors: Goerig Michael
Published: September 2019

Die Verabreichung von Narkotika wie Äther und Chloroform zur Schmerzbekämpfung bei operativen Eingriffen wurde von Beginn an von schwerwiegenden, häufig fatal verlaufenen Zwischenfällen überschattet. Auch die Verwendung der als weniger gefahrenvoll gepriesenen Lokalanästhetika verlief nicht so komplikationslos wie zunächst erhofft und endete nicht selten tödlich. Untersuchungen zu den vielseitigen Ursachen der Narkosezwischenfälle erfolgten schon frühzeitig, führten aber meist zu keinen eindeutigen Ergebnissen. Die bei der Verabreichung von Narkotika involvierten Ärzte machten sich in diesen Fällen die Erklärungsversuche der österreichischen Ärzte Arnold Paltauf und Rudolf Ritter von Kundrat zu eigen, die Ende der 1880er-Jahre unerklärliche Narkosezwischenfälle bei scheinbar gesunden Individuen mit dem Vorliegen einer Konstitutionsanomalie erklärten: des sog. „Status thymicus, lymphaticus bzw. thymolymphaticus“. Wurde bei einem tödlichen Narkosezwischenfall das Geschehen auf das Vorliegen dieser Anlageanomalie zurückgeführt, sprach man zuweilen auch vom „Thymustod“ und verzichtete auf weitergehende gerichtliche Untersuchungen. Entsprechende Aussagen erlangten daher eine große forensische Bedeutung, da nun ebenfalls in Fällen einer „Mors subita“ bei Säuglingen oder Kleinkindern im häuslichen Bereich zu Unrecht Beschuldigte beim Vorliegen einer Thymushyperplasie strafrechtlich nicht weiter verfolgt wurden. In der operativen Medizin war der „Status thymolymphaticus“ jahrzehntelang ein Thema, insbesondere bei dem mit der Narkosedurchführung betrauten Personenkreis, sodass ein historischer Rückblick zu dem gefürchteten vermeintlichen Syndrom bei operativen Eingriffen gerechtfertigt erscheint.
Physiologic Basis of Symptoms in Pleural Disease
Authors: DeBiasi Erin M. , Feller-Kopman David
Published: September 2019

Pleural effusions are commonly encountered and have a significant impact on the respiratory system. The reported effect of thoracentesis on physiologic parameters including oxygenation, lung volumes, and respiratory mechanics is variable likely owing to studies with a small, heterogeneous population of patients.

Most patients who are short of breath from pleural effusion experience relief following drainage due to improvement in the length–tension relationship of the respiratory muscles. An observed increase in oxygenation following thoracentesis is likely due to improved ventilation and perfusion matching. Recent advances in methods of measuring pleural pressure provide a greater understanding of the impact of pleural effusion on pleural pressure and changes in pleural pressure with thoracentesis; however, there has been no demonstrated benefit of routine monitoring of pleural pressure to reduce complications from thoracentesis. Manometry does allow for the identification of patients with unexpandable lung which is useful when determining options for pleural palliation. The following article will review the pathophysiological effects of pleural effusion and thoracentesis.
Pleurodesis
Authors: Lamb Carla , Li Andrew , Thakkar Dhaval , Lee Pyng
Published: September 2019

Symptomatic pleural disease, specifically malignant pleural effusion, refractory benign pleural effusion, and pneumothoraces are common diseases that often require therapeutic interventions. The spectrum of management strategies often includes selection of a chemical pleurodesis agent administered in combination with an indwelling pleural catheter or chest tube.

Additionally, there is a role for minimally invasive techniques which include medical thoracoscopy or more advanced video-assisted thoracoscopic approaches. Ongoing clinical trials continue to evolve best practices regarding the optimal sclerosant agents and procedural approaches in the management of these diseases.
Temporal Augmentation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Othman Sammy , Cohn Jason E. , Burdett Jacob , Daggumati Srihari , Bloom Jason D.
Published: September 2019

Clinicians employ various modalities in order to achieve temporal augmentation; however, no literature comprehensively describes these methods or provides perspective on available options. Understanding the available methodologies for cosmetic temporal augmentation allows for improved patient satisfaction with limited risk of complications. To synthesize the available literature on cosmetic temporal augmentation, including all available methodologies, patient satisfaction data, and complication rates, as well as to identify gaps in the available literature to encourage further research. A literature search was performed using the databases PubMed, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Using the key terms “temporal” or “temple” and “augmentation” or “rejuvenation,” all article formats presenting primary literature data involving cosmetic temporal augmentation were included. Articles not presenting patient data or not discussing cosmetic indications were eliminated. A total of 12 articles were deemed appropriate for analysis. Of the 12 articles included, 6 (50%) evaluated filler techniques, 3 discussed fat grafting (25%), and 3 reviewed solid implant (25%) techniques. Eight (67%) of these were retrospective reviews, with the remaining being prospective trials (33%). All studies found high patient satisfaction rates and a small number of complications with their respective methodology. Several methods are employed for cosmetic temporal augmentation, including various types of injectable fillers, solid implants, and fat grafting, with all reporting successful satisfaction and complication outcomes. Further research is necessary to properly compare these modalities. Clinician discretion should guide procedural choice until future well-controlled studies are able to provide standardized outcomes.
Medical and Surgical Management of Empyema
Authors: Godfrey Mark S. , Bramley Kyle T. , Detterbeck Frank
Published: September 2019

Infection of the pleural space is an ancient and common clinical problem, the incidence which is on the rise. Advances in therapy now present clinicians of varying disciplines with an array of therapeutic options ranging from thoracentesis and chest tube drainage (with or without intrapleural fibrinolytic therapies) to video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) or thoracotomy. A framework is provided to guide decision making, which involves weighing multiple factors (clinical history and presentation, imaging characteristics, comorbidities); multidisciplinary collaboration and active management are needed as the clinical course over a few days determines subsequent refinement. The initial choice of antibiotics depends on whether the empyema is community-acquired or nosocomial, and clinicians must recognize that culture results often do not reflect the full disease process. Antibiotics alone are rarely successful and can be justified only in specific circumstances. Early drainage with or without intrapleural fibrinolytics is usually required. This is successful in most patients; however, when surgical decortication is needed, clear benefit and low physiologic impact are more likely with early intervention, expeditious escalation of interventions, and care at a center experienced with VATS.
Chest Tube Drainage Devices
Authors: Toth Jennifer W. , Reed Michael F. , Ventola Lauren K.
Published: September 2019

Placement of a chest tube drains intrapleural fluid and air. The tube should be attached to a drainage system, such as one-, two-, or three-compartment devices, a one-way (Heimlich) valve for ambulatory drainage, a digital system, or a vacuum bottle. The frequently employed three-compartment systems, currently integrated disposable units, allow adjustment of negative pressure or no suction (water seal), and include an air leak meter on the water seal chamber to be used for demonstrating and quantifying air leak. These readings are subjective and prone to interobserver variability. Digital pleural drainage systems offer the benefits of quantification of any air leak and pleural pressure. Indwelling pleural catheters, typically utilized for malignant pleural effusion, can be drained using vacuum bottles. Knowledge of the design and functionality of each device in the setting of an individual patient's specific pleural process facilitates the selection of practical and financially prudent chest tube drainage strategies.
Molecular Testing on Pleural Fluid Samples
Authors: Oh Scott , Ronaghi Reza , Cai Guoping
Published: September 2019

Pleural effusions are a common manifestation of both malignant and nonmalignant diseases. The sampling of pleural fluid helps categorize effusions as transudative or exudative and helps differentiate paramalignant from malignant disease. Accurate pleural fluid analysis is critical to the appropriate staging of cancers with significant prognostic and treatment implications. However, the etiology of pleural effusions remains unclear in a significant number of cases after routine thoracentesis and pleural fluid analysis. For malignant pleural effusions, cytologic evaluation of pleural fluid has a relatively low sensitivity. We describe the evolving field of molecular pleural fluid analysis in the setting of malignant disease as an active area of investigation with both diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
Treatment of Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: Beyond HOKUSAI
Authors: Mahé Isabelle , Elalamy Ismaïl , Gerotziafas Grigoris T. , Girard Philippe
Published: September 2019

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) represent an attractive alternative to low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) for the long-term treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis (CT) since they avoid the burden of daily injections. Analyses in subgroups of cancer patients from large randomized trials suggested that DOACs were at least as effective as vitamin K antagonists, while indirect comparisons suggested that DOACs' efficacy and safety profile were comparable to those of LMWHs. In the randomized controlled HOKUSAI-VTE Cancer study, currently the only completed phase III trial on DOACs in CT patients, edoxaban was shown noninferior to dalteparin on the composite primary endpoint of time to first recurrent venous thromboembolism or major bleeding during the 12 months after randomization. Study results suggest that both agents had comparable benefit/risk ratio in patients with CT. Even though this conclusion was valid from a strict statistical viewpoint, it was potentially misleading when interpreting benefit/risk ratios. Besides the obvious heterogeneity of the study population (e.g., 23% of patients no longer had cancer) and significantly different treatment durations between arms, secondary outcomes for efficacy were in favor of edoxaban for recurrent deep-vein thrombosis but not for recurrent pulmonary embolism, and major bleeding episodes were significantly more frequent in the edoxaban group, with an excess of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding episodes observed mainly but not only in patients with GI cancers. More research is needed regarding specific patients' profiles, cancer types, and treatment period to better clarify the respective roles of DOACs and LMWHs in CT patients.
The flow of nano-liquid film in the presence of operative Prandtl number model through an unsteady stretchable disc
Authors: Nasir Saleem , Gul Taza , Islam Saeed , Khan Ilyas
Published: September 2019

This paper examines the impact of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) over a thin film of variable thickness. A scattering of nano-liquid through a radially extending disc with unsteady stretchable velocity is considered. In the boundary layer flow, the contribution of nano-liquid is more efficient to improve the thermal and convective heat transport. Prandtl number model of dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity is examined using the preliminary result of nanofluid flow. In this scenario, nano-element like water base Alumina (γAl2O3−H2O) and ethylene glycol base Alumina (γAl2O3−C2H6O2) are working nanofluids. Make use of appropriate self-similar conversion, the system of model partial differential equations (PDEs) with strong nonlinearity is converted into a non-dimensional set of couple ODEs (Ordinary Differential Equations). Consequently, the system of these transformed equations is analytically explained by implementing Optimal Homotopy Analysis Method (OHAM). The effects of embedded parameters such as magnetic parameter (M), nanofluid volume fraction and Eckert number (Ec)) on involved distributions are interpreted graphically to examine the mass and heat transport features for both sorts of nanoparticles. Moreover, the (Cf) skin friction along with the (Nu) heat transport rate (Nusselt number) is formulated for different values of relevant variables.
Triple ionization of HCl via states with a 2p core hole
Authors: Eland J. H. D. , Feifel R.
Published: September 2019

The triple ionization of HCl by double Auger decay and related processes has been studied using a multiparticle coincidence technique combined with synchrotron radiation. Four contributing processes are identified; direct double Auger, two indirect double Auger decay pathways, and single Auger decay from core-valence doubly ionized intermediate states. One indirect Auger process involves autoionization from superexcited states of Cl+. Double Auger decay from HCl+ (2p−1, 2PJ), which makes up 11% ± 2% of total Auger decay, is estimated to be 40% direct, 15% indirect via atomic Cl+* and 45% indirect via molecular intermediate doubly ionized states. The vertical triple ionization energy of HCl is determined as 73.8 ± 0.5 eV. Molecular field effects are found to affect the direct double Auger process as well as normal single Auger decay. A comparison between spectra of the HCl and DCl isotopomers indicates that electronic decay is faster in all the processes than molecular dissociation.
Analytic first-order derivatives of partially contracted n-electron valence state second-order perturbation theory (PC-NEVPT2)
Authors: Nishimoto Yoshio
Published: September 2019

A balanced treatment of dynamic and static electron correlation is important in computational chemistry, and multireference perturbation theory (MRPT) is able to do this at a reasonable computational cost. In this paper, analytic first-order derivatives, specifically gradients and dipole moments, are developed for a particular MRPT method, state-specific partially contracted n-electron valence state second-order perturbation theory (PC-NEVPT2). Only one linear equation needs to be solved for the derivative calculation if the Z-vector method is employed, which facilitates the practical application of this approach. A comparison of the calculated results with experimental geometrical parameters of O3 indicates excellent agreement although the calculated results for O3− are slightly outside the experimental error bars. The 0–0 transition energies of various methylpyrimidines and trans-polyacetylene are calculated by performing geometry optimizations and seminumerical second-order geometrical derivative calculations. In particular, the deviations of 0–0 transition energies of trans-polyacetylene from experimental values are consistently less than 0.1 eV with PC-NEVPT2, indicating the reliability of the method. These results demonstrate the importance of adding dynamic electron correlation on top of methods dominated by static electron correlation and of developing analytic derivatives for highly accurate methods.
Band engineering, carrier density control, and enhanced thermoelectric performance in multi-doped SnTe
Authors: Doi A. , Shimano S. , Inoue D. , Kikitsu T. , Hirai T. , Hashizume D. , Tokura Y. , Taguchi Y.
Published: September 2019

Thermoelectric energy conversion is one of the most important applications of functional materials for energy. To realize practical applications, high conversion efficiency is required over a wide range of temperatures. Furthermore, abundance as well as environmental load of the elements constituting thermoelectric materials are important aspects to be considered. We report high thermoelectric performance over a wide range of temperatures in doped SnTe with multiple elements by exploiting synergistic effects of band convergence, resonance level formation, and carrier density optimization. An averaged ZT value between near room temperature and around 800 K is found to exceed 0.80 for Sn0.92Mn0.10In0.01Bi0.01Cu0.01Te, which shows that the SnTe-based thermoelectrics possess high potential for practical applications.
Neural-network potential energy surface with small database and high precision: A benchmark of the H + H2 system
Authors: Song Qingfei , Zhang Qiuyu , Meng Qingyong
Published: September 2019

To deeply understand the neural-network (NN) fitting procedure in constructing a potential energy surface (PES) in a wide energy range with a rather small database, based on the existing BKMP2 PES of H + H2, the relationship between NN function features and the size of the database is studied using the multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree method for quantum dynamics calculations. First, employing 3843, 3843, 2024, and 1448 energy points, four independent NN-PESs are constructed to discuss the relationship among the size of the database, NN functional structure, and fitting accuracy. Dynamics calculations on these different NN PESs give similar reactive probabilities, which indicate that one has to balance the number of energy points for NN training and the number of neurons in the NN function. To explain this problem and try to resolve it, a quantitative model between the data volume and network scale is proposed. Then, this model is discussed and verified through 14 NN PESs fitted using 3843 energy points and various NN functional forms.
NbOx based memristor as artificial synapse emulating short term plasticity
Authors: Deswal Sweety , Kumar Ashok , Kumar Ajeet
Published: September 2019

Memristors can mimic the functions of biological synapse, where it can simultaneously store the synaptic weight and modulate the transmitted signal. Here, we report Nb/Nb2O5/Pt based memristors with bipolar resistive switching, exhibiting synapse like property of gradual and continuously change of conductance with subsequent voltage signals. Mimicking of basic functions of remembering and forgetting processes of biological brain were demonstrated through short term plasticity, spike rate dependent plasticity, paired pulse facilitation and post-titanic potentiation. The device layer interface tuning was shown to affect the device properties shift from digital to analog behaviour. Demonstration of basic synaptic functions in the NbOx based devices makes them suitable for neuromorphic applications.
Characterization method of the layer thickness of surface residual stress based on instrumented indentation testing
Authors: Zhao MingHao , Xu Xinxin , Liang Sheng , Zhang JianWei
Published: September 2019

Based on dimensional analysis and finite element analysis (FEA), a test method was developed to determine the layer thickness of the surface residual stress using instrumented indentation testing. The relative loading curvatures of the stressed and stress-free P-h curves were obtained from the FEA results. The platform region of the curve of the relative loading curvature versus the indentation depth was used to estimate the residual stress, and the residual stress layer thickness was obtained by considering the turning point of the curve. According to the error analysis results, the proposed method is valid for estimating the residual stress layer thickness by carefully considering the material properties. The proposed method was reduced to the instrumented indentation testing method to determine the uniform residual stress when the indentation depth was far smaller than the layer thickness.
Surfactant-laden droplet behavior on wetting solid wall with non-Newtonian fluid rheology
Authors: Shi Y. , Tang G. H. , Li S. G. , Qin L.
Published: September 2019

We develop a coupled lattice-Boltzmann with finite-difference (LB-FD) method to simulate surfactant-laden droplet behaviors on wetting solid wall with non-Newtonian fluid rheology. The effects of the power-law exponent, wettability, force direction, and viscosity ratio on the droplet movement under the shear flow or body force are investigated. It is found that the surfactant-laden droplet moves faster and breaks up more easily than the clean droplet owing to the decreased local interfacial tension. During the initial period of the droplet movement, with the decrease of the power-law exponent of the matrix fluid, the unbalanced Young’s force plays a significant role in prompting droplet spreading along the hydrophilic wall whereas making the droplet recoil along the hydrophobic wall. Under the influence of the shear force, the droplet deformation is strengthened in the shear thickening matrix fluid due to high viscous stress from the external flow. However, under the influence of the body force, droplet deformation is strengthened in the shear thinning matrix fluid because the reduction of the matrix fluid apparent viscosity generates less viscous drag force. Furthermore, the shear thickening pendent droplet is more elongated and shows more flexible behavior than the shear thinning droplet during its falling in the Newtonian matrix fluid. The decrease of the viscosity ratio causes the shear thickening droplet to form the shape of a spherical cap, compared with the shear thinning droplet behaving like a rigid object. The present work not only demonstrates the capacity of the coupled LB-FD method but also sheds light on the mechanism of surfactant-laden droplet dynamics on wetting solid wall where non-Newtonian rheology is considered.
Phonon-engineered Nb film as a Mott-insulating tunnel-junction network
Authors: Zen Nobuyuki
Published: September 2019

Herein, phonon engineering is applied to a metal. Suppressed phonon branches are expected to enhance electron–phonon interactions in metals. Independent resistance and magnetization measurements have confirmed the Mott transition, which has never been observed in pure, undoped metals. By repeatedly cooling and warming a periodically pierced Nb film, narrow Nb bridges left between adjacent thru-holes are converted to Mott-insulating bridges. The continuum in which these Mott-insulating bridges connect adjacent metallic Nb islands forms a tunnel-junction network, which can be used to implement a massively integrated single-electron device.